bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth Disturbance of the Distal Tibia in Patients With Idiopathic Clubfeet: Ankle Valgus and Anteflexion of the Distal Tibia
Authors: Burghardt Rolf D. , Tettenborn Laura P. , Stücker Ralf 
Published: May 2015

Background:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of deformities of the distal tibia in patients with idiopathic clubfeet who had undergone surgical intervention with a circumferential release through a Cincinnati incision in early infancy.

Methods:
A retrospective follow-up evaluation of children with idiopathic clubfoot was conducted. We reviewed children who had undergone surgical treatment by a circumferential release in our department after unsuccessful casting, and who were at least 10 years of age. Main focus was the measurement of anteroposterior and lateral view radiographs for distal tibia deformities. Of 65 patients (93 feet) who had surgery for idiopathic clubfoot from 1998 to 2002, radiographic data of 35 patients (52 feet) were analyzed.

Results:
An anteflexion deformity was present in 25 of 52 feet (48.1%) and a valgus deformity in 29 of 52 feet (55.8%). A flat-top talus was evident to some degree in all cases. An abnormal lateral talocalcaneal angle was evident in 42.3%.

Conclusions:
These results show the importance of conducting follow-up evaluations on patients with idiopathic clubfoot for secondary deformities of the distal tibia. This is the first study, to our knowledge, highlighting the high incidence of distal tibial deformities after surgery for idiopathic clubfoot. It is unclear at this time whether this is also true for clubfeet after conservative treatment. However, patients with clubfeet should have radiographs of the ankle joint between the age of 10 and 12 years to be able to treat possible deformities through guided growth.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Pediatric Nonfracture Acute Compartment Syndrome: A Review of 39 Cases
Authors: Livingston Kristin , Glotzbecker Michael , Miller Patricia E. , Hresko Michael T. , Hedequist Daniel , Shore Benjamin J. 
Published: May 2015

Background:
Compartment syndrome in the absence of fracture is rare and poorly described within the pediatric literature. The purpose of this study was to report the varying etiologies, risk factors, and treatment outcomes associated with pediatric nonfracture acute compartment syndrome (NFACS).

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective chart review on 37 children who suffered a NFACS and were treated at a single pediatric trauma center between 1997 and 2013. Demographic, diagnostic, treatment, and outcome characteristics were reviewed. Five causal groups were generated: trauma, exercise related (acute presentation after exercise without trauma), infectious, vascular, and postoperative (in the absence of osteotomy). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify risk factors of NFACS. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results:
There were 39 cases of NFRCS in 37 children [6 females, 31 males, mean age of 11.7 y (SD+7.2 y)]. The leg was the most commonly involved limb (29 cases, 74%). Diagnosis of NFRCS was made either by compartment pressure monitoring [59%, 23/39 cases, mean pressure 66 mm Hg (SD+28)] or by clinical examination. According to etiology, vascular was most common (11/39, 28%), followed by trauma (10/39, 26%) and postoperative (8/39, 21%), with exertion and infection representing a small proportion (6/39, 15% and 4/39, 10%, respectively). Pain was present in 33 cases (85%), swelling in 28 cases (72%), paresthesias in 13 cases (33%), motor deficit in 12 cases (31%), and poor perfusion in 11 cases (28%). Average time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 48 hours (IQR, 9 to 96 h). At surgery, 21 patients (54%) had evidence of myonecrosis. Children required an average of 3 surgeries for wound closure. The median time to follow-up was 232 days (IQR, 73 to 608 d). A total of 54% made a full recovery, whereas 31% suffered a persistent neurological or functional deficit.

Conclusions:
NFACS in children is associated with a delay in diagnosis and a high rate of myonecrosis. Timely assessment with high clinical suspicion is necessary to prevent a delay in diagnosis.

Level of evidence:
Level IV.
Submerged plants may have substantial growth in shallow water lakes under nitrogen deposition: a theoretical investigation
Authors: Ali Ashehad A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUnderstanding shallow water lakes is important because they are not only subjected to a number of natural and anthropogenic stressors but are also able to switch from clear states with high levels of biodiversity to dominance by suspended sediments, phytoplankton, or floating plants. Such switches are often influenced by high levels of nitrogen deposition, which may reduce the diversity of submerged plant communities, suppressing benthic animal and plant life. Therefore, it is important to predict potential effects of nitrogen on such a change.I modeled competition for light and nutrients between floating and submerged plants under low and high nutrient levels. Both types of plants were randomly chosen in their trait space by varying their average trait values by +/-25%.Surprisingly, I found that submerged plants could perform better under high nitrogen by having substantial growth rates. Further, I found that responsiveness to nitrogen deposition is greater in shallow lakes with low biomass than high biomass. My results suggest that shallow lakes with low productivity may respond strongly to nitrogen deposition. Moreover, albedo may increase in the future over shallow lakes. Thus, future warming over shallow lakes may be higher than current predictions. Earth System Models should allow the trait values of submerged and floating plants to vary when making predictions about future climatic conditions.
Do firms seek social license to operate when stakeholders are poor? Evidence from Africa
Authors: McIntyre Michael L. , Murphy Steven A. , Tetrault Sirsly Carol-Ann 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to test for the salience of social licence to operate in the context of a very poor community. The idea of social license to operate is closely linked to ideas of stakeholder power, legitimacy and urgency (Mitchellet al., 1997). But what if a community is impoverished, and lacks the tools and privileges to effect change? Do the stakeholders believe they have influence over extension of the social license to operate? Does the employer listen to them? To examine this issue, survey data was gathered from 12,000 stakeholders working in a poor township in South Africa. The township is located near a major South African city in an employment market dominated by a single heavy industry. Responders perceived their welfare to be of importance to the employer and that they had a role in extension of the social license to operate.Design/methodology/approach– A survey of 12,000 employees working in an impoverished township near a large South African city.Findings– Despite being impoverished and lacking the tools and privileges to effect change that are available in wealthier communities, responders perceived some influence over extension of social license to operate.Research limitations/implications– While responders expressed clear sentiments, their actual power to extend or withhold social license to operate is unclear, and the study did not test for this.Practical implications– The practical implication is that firms should be wary of assuming that just because a stakeholder group is impoverished, it is unaware of its role and power as a stakeholder.Social implications– The more important implication is that under conditions of poverty, responders expressed a clear desire to see impediments to work removed, rather than a desire for handouts.Originality/value– The authors doubt there has ever been a study of this kind with this large a sample, in conditions of such extreme poverty.
Women on board: evidence from a masculine industry
Authors: Arena Claudia , Cirillo Alessandro , Mussolino Donata , Pulcinelli Ingrid , Saggese Sara , Sarto Fabrizia 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to provide insights on the gender-performance relationship, this paper studies the impact of board gender diversity on firm performance, by taking into account the “critical mass” of women directors and their educational level.Design/methodology/approach– The hypotheses are tested on a unique dataset of 211 European Union publicly listed companies in 2012 belonging to the construction industry from 28 different countries through a set of ordinary least squares regressions.Findings– The evidence shows that the “critical mass” rather than the simple presence of women has an incremental benefit on firm performance. In addition, results show that the educational level of women directors negatively affects firm performance, as it might impact the dynamics within the boardroom.Research limitations/implications– The quantitative nature of the study does not allow drawing strong inferences on behavioral processes and dynamics in and around the boardroom. Nevertheless, this study will open new research insights on exploring the educational level on board.Practical implications– Regulators and policymakers that should be aware of the influence of women as a group on firm performance and that this role is differential across industries.Originality/value– The novelty of this paper is that it investigates the role of women in a high masculine gender-specific industry and explores a still poorly understood demographic variable (i.e. the educational level) of women directors.
The impact of board traits on the social performance of Canadian firms
Authors: Deschênes Sébastien , Rojas Miguel , Boubacar Hamadou , Prud'homme Brigitte , Ouedraogo Alidou 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to examine if certain board characteristics have an impact on the corporate social responsibility (CSR) score of corporations.Design/methodology/approach– The authors’ paper analyzes the link between the ratings of CSR of the largest publicly traded Canadian firms (i.e. those included in the S&P/TSX 60 index) and the traits of their boards.Findings– The authors’ examination concludes that the CSR score is positively linked with the percentages of women and independent directors. The study did not find a link in the cases of board characteristics, namely, director’s remuneration, director’s tenure and director’s ownership.Research limitations/implications– The study focuses on the 60 largest public Canadian firms, which are strongly scrutinized. An analysis that includes smaller firms as well may show different results.Practical implications– To improve the ability of boards of directors to deal with CSR, the appointment of women and independent directors should be given greater emphasis. Data show that all boards in their sample are composed of at least 50 per cent of independent directors, with an average of 80 per cent. Thus, there is a more limited room to ameliorate CSR by adding independent directors. In contrast, women represented, on average, only 14.25 per cent of all directors. Companies wanting to improve their CSR should consider appointing more female participation in their boards.Originality/value– The paper contributes to the extant literature on corporate governance by presenting evidence of a link between CSR and certain board characteristics.
Corporate governance, stickiness and losses
Authors: Mulcahy Mark , Donnelly Ray 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to study the impact of a significant negative shock (the reporting of an initial loss) on the stickiness of corporate governance. This paper examines whether corporate governance changes in response to the reporting of an initial loss and also whetherex antecorporate governance weakness impacts on the propensity for change.Design/methodology/approach– The study uses three years of corporate governance information spanning the report of an initial loss for companies listed on the UK Stock Exchange. An industry- and size-matched control sample is used in a difference-in-difference analysis to isolate the impact of the loss from underlying changes in governance.Findings– The results indicate that an initial loss precipitates an improvement in corporate governance and that this improvement is significantly more pronounced in those companies which displayed either weak or extreme governance before the loss. There is also evidence that the improvement in corporate governance begins before the loss is actually reported.Research limitations/implications– This study focuses on a three-year period in the UK only and so is a limitation of the research. Future research could be based on the findings from other jurisdictions or from using other conditioning variables.Originality/value– This study contributes to the stream of research that examines negative shocks, and losses in particular, as an event likely to precipitate firm-level changes in corporate governance and offers insights into the reasons for firm-level corporate governance improvements. It demonstrates that, notwithstanding the recommendations of the Combined Code, firms tend to not make improvements without the impetus and need to do so, i.e. corporate governance is sticky.
An investigation into the use of LibGuides for electronic resources troubleshooting in academic libraries
Authors: Erb Rachel Ann , Erb Brian 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to seek to ascertain how many electronic resource troubleshooting LibGuides are in use and what level of support they tend to provide. LibGuides have become quite popular in academic libraries as a tool for subject and college liaison librarians to deliver library-mediated content to colleges and individual classes. Another promising area for their use is to provide electronic resource troubleshooting support to students and faculty, as well as to other library staff.

Design/methodology/approach
– A sample of electronic resource troubleshooting LibGuides was obtained through a Google advanced search augmented by additional searches in the limited LibGuides community search utility. These LibGuides were selected according to a standard definition of troubleshooting and were analyzed for content on 36 support variables.

Findings
– A relatively small number of LibGuides were located, and a thorough treatment of electronic resource access issues was present in only a limited number of the LibGuides found.

Research limitations/implications
– While some LibGuides may have gone undiscovered owing to an incomplete search strategy for discovery, subsequent efforts to find overlooked pages were mostly fruitless. The relatively small number of electronic resource troubleshooting LibGuides discovered coupled with their simplicity may indicate that the use of LibGuides platform in this capacity has not gained traction.

Originality/value
– While there have been many case studies discussing the use of LibGuides as a subject and course guide platform, relatively few have explored the use of LibGuides outside of their traditional subject-focused implementation, and none have looked at LibGuides as a potential platform to aid in electronic resource access troubleshooting.
The prevalence of web browser extensions use in library services: an exploratory study
Authors: De Sarkar Tanmay 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– The paper aims to present an outline how libraries are harnessing browser extensions to provide an easy and convenient access to library resources and services. Investigating the features, purposes of use and types of browser extensions prevalent among libraries in different regions, the paper seeks to measure the degree of implementation of browser extensions.Design/methodology/approach– Stratified sampling method was followed to select academic libraries, and convenient sampling method was applied to select public libraries from four continents – Asia, Oceania, Europe and North America. Two-step web content analysis was applied to gather data along the select dimensions.Findings– The study contributes to the recent advances in application of browser extension with numerous examples focussing on the relevance of different approaches adopted by the libraries. Providing a framework of proportionate implementation along checkpoints, the study also highlights degree of acceptance of browser extension among libraries in different regions.Research limitations/implications– The investigation was restricted to libraries having English websites and confined to four continents only. This study aims at improving understanding among the librarians about the intended use and application of browser extension and helping them benchmark their effort in support of education, research and training. The current investigation expands the scope of future research on remaining regions and website whose contents are in non-English language to attain a broader perspective of its implementation.Originality/value– The article may guide library professionals to use, develop and promote the implementation of browser extension in libraries. The checkpoints used here may serve as bedrock for framing questionnaire and interview schedule for conducting future research examining users’ perception of browser extension in the context of library resources and usage pattern, to fully comprehend its practicability and usefulness.
Trust evaluation for inter-organization knowledge sharing via the e-learning community
Authors: Wu Bing , Zhang Chenyan 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to design a trust-based knowledge-sharing framework based on the characteristics of the e-learning community.

Design/methodology/approach
– The interaction network is constructed to illustrate the relationships between knowledge-sharing agents and objects. Then, a trust evaluation method for knowledge sharing is proposed based on identified agent types and object types. Three sub-methods are included in the model to provide the trust-level references between agents.

Findings
– This study develops strategies based on proposed diagnosis framework to improve the willingness of knowledge sharing in the e-learning community. Finally, the authors apply the proposed diagnosis framework to a case study in China to propose strategies for the development of inter-organization knowledge sharing via e-learning community.

Originality/value
– Previous research on e-learning community strategies has generally suggested broad guidelines without diagnosing the current trust status. The purpose of this study is to design a trust-based knowledge-sharing framework based on the characteristics of the e-learning community.
Website usability: the case of Kuwaiti middle school students
Authors: Alqudsi Taghreed Mohammad , Alkhaledi Reem Murdhi 
Published: May 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to add to the knowledge about how to design websites that are stress-free, easy to navigate and relevant to children’s learning needs.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper involves an observational study that reports the results of website usability among sixth-grade students in a private foreign school in Kuwait. The observation pertained to search performance, usability and navigation to find the needed information using the WebPath Express database.

Findings
– Most of the children navigated and searched the system without much prompting; they found the search box easily, as it was positioned at the top-centre of the page, and without keywords. Of the eight students, none used the narrow-down search option; they commonly performed searches using phrases, and consistency and simplicity aided the search process. Some gender differences were found. The boys got side-tracked easily and took a longer time to find the information they sought than the girls. User behaviour, generally, was influenced by the interface design.

Research limitations/implications
– Research about usability with different grade levels, with different languages and between genders needs to be conducted to provide more definitive conclusions. Sample size in observations can bring to light details that large samples cannot. The goal in observation is not statistical significance but small things that observations can bring to light.

Practical implications
– Web designers need to take into consideration the research results in the areas of user interaction with computers and software. In designing educational tools for the young, several elements that research in general, including this one, emphasizes have to do with the location of search boxes, navigation interface and design elements, all of which can aid the learning process while providing a rewarding and fruitful educational experience.

Originality/value
– These findings shed light on implications for cooperation between librarians and teachers and on design elements for sites tailored to school children.
She’s already busy
Authors: Crawley Daria C. , Maher Jill K. , Blake-Beard Stacy 
Published: May 2015

Purpose– This study aims to examine women’s organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) or the voluntary, discretionary behaviors employees perform that are not linked to their reward system but benefit organizations. Specifically, it investigates several attitudinal and organizational antecedents relative to two sub-dimensions of OCB: organizational loyalty and helping behaviors.Design/methodology/approach– Alumnae (n= 160) responded to an e-mail survey regarding their self-reported OCBs, job satisfaction, work engagement and several demographic and organizational variables.Findings– In this fiscal climate, organizations are challenged with fostering an environment encouraging employees to go beyond job requirements. Findings here suggest that married women who are engaged in work have the highest propensity to do this by engaging in these non-compensated, non-mandated behaviors. However, importantly, differences were found between organizational loyalty citizenship and helping behaviors. An inverse relationship was also found between job tenure and helping behaviors: an interesting result.Research limitations/implications– An important implication of the research is the dissection and examination of two sub-dimensions of OCB (i.e. organizational loyalty and helping), providing a better understanding of the dimensionality of the phenomenon and how they relate to job satisfaction and work engagement for a significant segment of the American workforce: women.Originality/value– This study examines the dimensionality of OCB (as called for by previous research) and establishes that not all OCBs can be treated equally, as antecedents vary in their predictability of OCB engagement. Further, this research investigates the relationship between individual job satisfaction components (pay, recognition and supervision) and OCBs to help clarify conflicting findings between OCB and this key workplace attitude.