bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observational constraints on atmospheric and oceanic cross-equatorial heat transports: revisiting the precipitation asymmetry problem in climate models
Authors: Loeb Norman G. , Wang Hailan , Cheng Anning , Kato Seiji , Fasullo John T. , Xu Kuan-Man , Allan Richard P. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Satellite based top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiation budget observations are combined with mass corrected vertically integrated atmospheric energy divergence and tendency from reanalysis to infer the regional distribution of the TOA, atmospheric and surface energy budget terms over the globe. Hemispheric contrasts in the energy budget terms are used to determine the radiative and combined sensible and latent heat contributions to the cross-equatorial heat transports in the atmosphere (AHTEQ) and ocean (OHTEQ). The contrast in net atmospheric radiation implies an AHTEQ from the northern hemisphere (NH) to the southern hemisphere (SH) (0.75 PW), while the hemispheric difference in sensible and latent heat implies an AHTEQ in the opposite direction (0.51 PW), resulting in a net NH to SH AHTEQ (0.24 PW). At the surface, the hemispheric contrast in the radiative component (0.95 PW) dominates, implying a 0.44 PW SH to NH OHTEQ. Coupled model intercomparison project phase 5 (CMIP5) models with excessive net downward surface radiation and surface-to-atmosphere sensible and latent heat transport in the SH relative to the NH exhibit anomalous northward AHTEQ and overestimate SH tropical precipitation. The hemispheric bias in net surface radiative flux is due to too much longwave surface radiative cooling in the NH tropics in both clear and all-sky conditions and excessive shortwave surface radiation in the SH subtropics and extratropics due to an underestimation in reflection by clouds.
Clients’ Perception of Outcome of Team‐Based Prenatal and Reproductive Genetic Counseling in Serbian Service Using the Perceived Personal Control (PPC) Questionnaire
Authors: Cuturilo Goran , Vucinic Olivera Kontic , Novakovic Ivana , Ignjatovic Svetlana , Mijovic Marija , Sulovic Nenad , Vukolic Dusan , Komnenic Milica , Tadic Jasmina , Cetkovic Aleksandar , Belic Aleksandra , Ljubic Aleksandar 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis is the first study in Serbia and the region of South‐East Europe dedicated to clients’ perception of outcome and efficiency of prenatal and reproductive genetic counseling. The primary aim of this study was to assess overall value and success of genetic counseling in prenatal and reproductive care with regard to perceived personal control of clients, reflecting also in a part patient comprehension, knowledge retention, and empowerment in decision‐making. The standardized Perceived Personal Control questionnaire (PPC) was used for the assessment of 239 female participants. First, we performed a complete validation of the psychometric characteristics of the Serbian‐language version of the PPC questionnaire. The validation of the questionnaire permits other researchers from Serbian‐speaking regions of South‐East Europe to use this standard instrument to assess the effectiveness of prenatal genetic counseling in their communities and analyze advantages and disadvantages of their counseling models. We also measured social and demographic characteristics of participants. Further, we analyzed effects of our team‐based prenatal and reproductive genetic counseling model through (a) calculation of PPC scores at three different stages (before initial, after initial, and before second counseling session), and (b) by assessing participants’ responses by indication for referral (advanced maternal age, abnormal biochemical screening, family history of hereditary disorders, maternal exposure to drugs, exposure to radiation, exposure to infective agents, infertility or recurrent abortions, and miscellaneous). The results indicate that participants’ knowledge after initial counseling increased significantly and after that remained stable and sustainable. A satisfactory level of confidence among participants had been achieved, in that many felt an increased sense of control over their situation and emotional response to it. Indirectly, these results indicate the success of a team‐based prenatal genetic counseling model, which has not been assessed in the literature to date.
Familiärer Brustkrebs – empirische Erkrankungsrisiken und Risikoberechnungsmodelle
Authors: Engel Christoph , Zachariae Silke , Fischer Christine 
Published: August 2015

Zusammenfassung

BRCA1/2-Anlageträgerinnen haben ein stark erhöhtes Risiko an Brust- und Eierstockkrebs zu erkranken. Die individuelle klinische Betreuung erfordert eine genaue Kenntnis der Erkrankungsrisiken. In diesem Artikel geben wir einen Überblick über die aktuelle Literatur zu empirischen Erkrankungsrisiken, und wir beschreiben Berechnungsmodelle, die derzeit in der klinischen Praxis für die individuelle Risikoeinschätzung genutzt werden.
Die in der Literatur beschriebenen Erkrankungsrisiken zeigen eine große Variabilität zwischen verschiedenen Studien. Das Brustkrebsrisiko beträgt 40–87 % bei BRCA1- und 18–88 % bei BRCA2-Anlageträgerinnen. Für den Eierstockkrebs werden Risiken von 22–65 % bei BRCA1- und 10–35 % bei BRCA2-Anlageträgerinnen angegeben. Auch das kumulative Risiko für kontralateralen Brustkrebs 10 Jahre nach der Ersterkrankung ist mit 27 % (BRCA1) und 19 % (BRCA2) deutlich erhöht. Verschiedene Berechnungsmodelle erlauben eine individuelle Risikovorhersage, indem zusätzlich die jeweilige Familienanamnese, bekannte Hauptgene und ihr Erbgang sowie andere genetische und epidemiologische Risikofaktoren berücksichtigt werden. Durch nutzerfreundliche Programme können diese Modelle direkt in der humangenetischen und klinischen Beratung angewandt werden. Für die genaue Bestimmung von Erkrankungsrisiken sowie für die Validierung der Risikovorhersagemodelle sind prospektive Kohortenstudien von großer Bedeutung. Um Studien dieser Art zu ermöglichen, sollten Frauen mit erhöhtem Risiko im Rahmen von strukturierten Registerstudien betreut und prospektiv nachverfolgt werden.
Island nail flap in the treatment of foot macrodactyly of the first ray in children: Report of two cases
Authors: Downey-Carmona Francisco Javier , Lagares Araceli , Farrington-Rueda David , Lirola-Criado José 
Published: August 2015

Purpose We evaluated the result of a combined single-stage surgery in the treatment of first ray macrodactyly in children. Introduction Macrodactyly is a rare congenital abnormality that involves thickening of both the soft tissue and bone of the affected digits. It is more frequent in fingers than toes, where there is less neural involvement. Increased growth is also seen in neurofibromatosis, hemangiomatosis, arteriovenous malformations, congenital lymphedema, and syndromes such as Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber syndrome and Proteus syndrome. The goal of treatment is to obtain a pain-free, functional foot that can accommodate normal shoes. Treatment of macrodactyly of the first ray generates numerous difficulties since ray resection, which has been recommended for other toes as a means to of shortening and narrowing the foot, cannot be performed. In addition to this, cosmetic results are better if the nail is preserved. Methods We retrospectively reviewed our cases of first ray macrodactyly treated by a single-stage multiple-technique procedure. Results We obtained satisfactory results, in that same-sized shoes could be worn on by our patients and patients and family were happy with the outcome. However, one of our cases patients lost the nail 10 months postoperatively. Conclusions We believe that island-nail transfer in children obtains excellent results.
Parental Well-being Surrounding First Birth as a Determinant of Further Parity Progression
Authors: Margolis Rachel , Myrskylä Mikko 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A major component driving cross-country fertility differences in the developed world is differences in the probability of having additional children among those who have one. Why do people stop at having only one child? We hypothesize that the experience of the transition to parenthood is an important determinant of further fertility. Analyzing longitudinal data from Germany, we find that the experience during the transition to parenthood, as measured by changes in subjective well-being, predicts further parity progression. A drop in well-being surrounding first birth predicts a decreased likelihood of having another child. The association is particularly strong for older parents and those with higher education: these characteristics may be related to the ability or willingness to revise fertility plans based on prior experiences. Parents’ experience with the first birth is an important and understudied factor in determining completed family size, and policy-makers concerned about low fertility should pay attention to factors that influence the well-being of new parents.
Monitoring of extrapyramidal side effects in patients on antipsychotic treatment: a completed audit cycle
Authors: Butler MI , Chandrakanth J 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundMovement disorders are a common problem in those receiving antipsychotic medication. Clinical guidelines recommend that these side-effects are monitored regularly throughout treatment. However, due to a lack of training, clinician confidence levels in assessment are often low and regular monitoring may be neglected.AimsTo audit current practice in our services regarding monitoring of extrapyramidal side effects (EPSE) and improve monitoring through education of clinicians.MethodThe clinical records of patients receiving antipsychotic treatment, seen in the outpatient clinic over a 2-week period, were reviewed. Data were collected on whether or not EPSE had been assessed. A re-audit was undertaken following a teaching session.ResultsDocumentation regarding EPSE was present in only 14% of patient records. Following a teaching session, the overall level of documentation of EPSE rose to 42%, with rates of assessment dramatically improving in non-consultant hospital doctors.ConclusionIn our practice, clinicians are generally poor to assess and record EPSE. However, rates of assessment improved significantly following a teaching session, especially in NCHDs.
The application of Naturalistic Decision Making (NDM) and other research: lessons for frontline commanders
Authors: Groenendaal Jelle , Helsloot Ira 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article focuses on a thus far insufficiently explored theme within management sciences, specifically the direct supervision of frontline workers, that is, frontline command. Frontline command can be defined as making decisions in the frontline and ensuring that frontline workers carry out these decisions accordingly. Scholarly knowledge on frontline command is still fragmented and the associated implications for frontline commanders have not yet been described or discussed in depth. This contribution aims to make up for that deficiency. For this purpose we brought together existing insights derived from research into Naturalistic Decision Making and other relevant research which we subsequently present using the FADCM model. This model sets out frontline command in five steps, already described in scholarly literature, and provides, per step, recommendations for frontline command. Finally, we provide associated examples derived from the Dutch firefighting practices.
Constructing meaning for up and down situated sentences: Is a sentence more than the sum of its words?
Authors: LACHMAIR MARTIN , DUDSCHIG CAROLIN , VEGA IRMGARD DE LA , KAUP BARBARA 
Published: August 2015

abstractThe present study was concerned with the question whether comprehension is based on mental simulation processes beyond the word level. In Experiment 1, participants were presented with coherent sentence pairs, consisting of a context sentence and a target sentence. Target sentences ended with a word referring to an entity with a typical location in the upper vertical space (e.g., bird in There she sees a bird). Context sentences either supported the target entity’s typical location or not (Anna looks to the sky vs. Anna looks to the ground, respectively). Participants responded to the final word of the sentence pair by pressing an up- or a down-key. The results showed a main effect of response direction (faster up compared to down responses) as well as an interaction between context location and response direction. In Experiment 2, participants were presented with incoherent sentence pairs with the same context sentences and different target sentences (whereby the target word was kept identical), but in an incoherent manner (target sentence: On the poster one sees a bird). Here, the results showed a main effect of response direction but no interaction. The same result was obtained in Experiment 3, in which participants were presented with word pairs consisting of an up- or down-context word (e.g., sky vs. ground) and an up-target word (e.g., bird). Overall, the results provide evidence for the view that comprehension involves simulation processes at the word level as well as simulation processes at the sentence or discourse level.
Tayeb Salih, Sol Plaatje, and the Trajectories of World Literature
Authors: Helgesson Stefan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA crucial theoretical question in world literature studies concerns the dual trajectories of extroversion and introversion, and how they relate to or even are predicated on each other. By discussing the examples of Tayeb Salih and, in particular, Sol Plaatje, this article tries to demonstrate that although the current turn toward more “introverted” literary studies can be seen as justifiably critical of single-system modes of world literature theory, an attentiveness to the combined and contradictory trajectories of extroversion and introversion will enable a more situated and localized form of world literature studies that nonetheless evades the risk of reifying national or linguistic provenance. This also requires a stronger conception of reception history not as a transparent vessel for the literary object, but as an active agent in rendering specific texts or authorships readableasintroverted or extroverted.
Let There Be Nahdah!
Authors: El-Ariss Tarek 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis essay examines the movement of Arab national and cultural revival known as nahdah (meaning renaissance or awakening) as a speech act and a performance involving a nuhūd (rising) and an uncertain practice of civilization (tamaddun) that seek to bring about a culture of knowledge. Contesting its treatment as a homogeneous project of modernity that rose and fell and as a historical period with clear epistemic breaks, it argues that nahdah civilizational practices could not be reduced to notions of civilization associated with Orientalism as system of othering and cultural superiority. This approach frees up nahdah texts from the dominant narrative of rise and decline, and from their intertextual and ideological dependency on European modernity as a model to be borrowed or resisted.
Polysystems Redux: The Unfinished Business of World Literature
Authors: Ganguly Debjani 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn responding to Muhsin al-Musawi’s two-part essay on the Arabic Republic of Letters, this essay proposes a rethinking of the world systems model in global literary studies in terms of a polysystems framework. Rather than trying to fit literary worlds—ancient, premodern, modern—within a single Euro-chronological frame culminating in a world capitalist systems model—where the non-European worlds appear as invariably inferior—it is worthwhile to see them as several polysystems with variable valences within a heterotemporal planetary literary space. This approach offers a comparative reading of the emergence of three language worlds—Sanskrit, Persian, and Arabic—and urges us to rethink the totality of the world literary space as a diachronic field that generates overlapping, multiscalar, comparative histories of literary polysystems.
Whose Amnesia? Literary Modernity in Multilingual South Asia
Authors: Orsini Francesca 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe debate over the impact of British colonialism and “colonial modernity” in India has hinged around questions of epistemic and aesthetic rupture. Whether in modern poetry, art, music, in practically every language and region intellectuals struggled with the artistic traditions they had inherited and condemned them as decadent and artificial. But this is only part of the story. If we widen the lens a little and consider print culture and orature more broadly, then vibrant regional print and performance cultures in a variety of Indian languages, and the publishing of earlier knowledge and aesthetic traditions belie the notion that English made India into a province of Europe, peripheral to London as the center of world literature. Yet nothing of this new fervor of journals, associations, literary debates, of new genres or theater and popular publishing, transpires in Anglo-Indian and English journals of the period, whose occlusion of the Indian-language storiesproducedignorance, distaste, indifference—those “technologies of recognition” (Shu-Mei Shih) that produce “the West” as the agent of recognition and “the rest” as the object of recognition, in representation.
Effects of arachidonic acid intake on inflammatory reactions in dextran sodium sulphate-induced colitis in rats
Authors: Naito Yukiko , Ji Xu , Tachibana Shigehiro , Aoki Satoko , Furuya Mami , Tazura Yoshiyuki , Miyazawa Daisuke , Harauma Akiko , Moriguchi Toru , Nagata Tomoko , Iwai Naoharu , Ohara Naoki 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the administration of oral arachidonic acid (AA) in rats with or without dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease. Male Wistar rats were administered AA at 0, 5, 35 or 240 mg/kg daily by gavage for 8 weeks. Inflammatory bowel disease was induced by replacing drinking water with 3 % DSS solution during the last 7 d of the AA dosing period. These animals passed loose stools, diarrhoea and red-stained faeces. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 concentration and myeloperoxidase activity in the colonic tissue were significantly increased in the animals given AA at 240 mg/kg compared with the animals given AA at 0 mg/kg. Thromboxane B2 concentration in the medium of cultured colonic mucosae isolated from these groups was found to be dose-dependently increased by AA, and the increase was significant at 35 and 240 mg/kg. Leukotriene B4 concentration was also significantly increased and saturated at 5 mg/kg. In addition, AA at 240 mg/kg promoted DSS-induced colonic mucosal oedema with macrophage infiltration. In contrast, administration of AA for 8 weeks, even at 240 mg/kg, showed no effects on the normal rats. These results suggest that in rats with bowel disease AA metabolism is affected by oral AA, even at 5 mg/kg per d, and that excessive AA may aggravate inflammation, whereas AA shows no effects in rats without inflammatory bowel disease.
The effects of resveratrol supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Faghihzadeh Forouzan , Adibi Payman , Hekmatdoost Azita 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is usually associated with insulin resistance, central obesity, reduced glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertriacylglycerolaemia. The beneficial effects of resveratrol on metabolic disorders have been shown previously. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of resveratrol supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with NAFLD. In this randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial, fifty NAFLD patients were supplemented with either a 500-mg resveratrol capsule or a placebo capsule for 12 weeks. Both groups were advised to follow an energy-balanced diet and physical activity recommendations. resveratrol supplementation reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatic steatosis significantly more than placebo (P<0·05). BMI, waist circumference, serum aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, HDL-cholesterol and apo a1 were reduced significantly in both groups (P<0·05); however, there were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0·05). There were no significant changes in blood pressure, insulin resistance markers and TAG in either group (P>0·05). Our data have shown that 12-week supplementation of 500 mg resveratrol does not have any beneficial effect on anthropometric measurements, insulin resistance markers, lipid profile and blood pressure; however, it reduced ALT and hepatic steatosis in patients with NAFLD.
Investigation of the relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Authors: Yenigun A , Karamanli H 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjective:To investigate the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and sleep apnoea severity relationship.Methods:Patients (n= 178) were assigned to five groups according to apnoea–hypopnea indices and continuous positive airway pressure use. White blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio values were compared for each group.Results:The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio values of severe obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome patients (group 4) were significantly higher than those of: control patients (group 1), mild obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome patients (group 2) and patients treated with continuous positive airway pressure (group 5) (p= 0.008,p= 0.008 andp= 0.003). Minimum oxygen saturation values of group 4 were significantly lower than those of groups 1, 2 and 5 (p= 0.0005,p= 0.011 andp= 0.001). There was a positive correlation between apnoea–hypopnea index and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (r = 0.758,p= 0.034), and a negative correlation between apnoea–hypopnea index and minimum oxygen saturation (r = −0.179,p= 0.012).Conclusion:Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio may be used to determine disease severity, complementing polysomnography.
Pulse oximetry in paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea: is it used appropriately?
Authors: Kanona H , Sharma S , Chaidas K , Kotecha B 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectives:This study assessed the use of pulse oximetry testing in children with suspected obstructive sleep apnoea in a hospital setting.Methods:A retrospective review of patients who underwent pulse oximetry testing between April 2013 and October 2013 was performed. Primary outcome measures included positive pulse oximetry results, defined as a McGill oximetry score of 2–4.Results:Thirty-seven test results were usable for analysis: from 21 pre- and 16 post-operative tests. Only four patients had positive test results. There was a significant difference between pre- and post-operative quality of life outcome scores in the surgical group (p< 0.0001).Conclusion:Pre-operative pulse oximetry should be used as a guide to help triage patients who require specialist paediatric services, such as a paediatric intensive care unit. The use of pulse oximetry, particularly in the post-operative setting, is unlikely to change patient management and can incur unnecessary financial costs to UK National Health Service Hospital Trusts.
On Mathematical and Religious Belief, and on Epistemic Snobbery
Authors: Jonas Silvia 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that religious belief is epistemically equivalent to mathematical belief. Abstract beliefs don't fall under ‘naive’, evidence-based analyses of rationality. Rather, their epistemic permissibility depends, I suggest, on four criteria: predictability, applicability, consistency, and immediate acceptability of the fundamental axioms. The paper examines to what extent mathematics meets these criteria, juxtaposing the results with the case of religion. My argument is directed against a widespread view according to which belief in mathematics is clearly rationally acceptable whereas belief in religion is not. The paper also aims to make some of the implications of contemporary mathematics available to philosophers working in different fields.1