bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Mass Shootings: Counterfactual Trend Analysis of the Federal Assault Weapons Ban
Authors: Lundberg Alex Lars , Fox James Alan , Mohammad Hassan , Mason Maryann , Salina Doreen , Victorson David , Parra-Cardona Ruben , Post Lori Ann 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Assault weapon and large-capacity magazine bans are potential tools for policy makers to prevent public mass shootings. However, the efficacy of these bans is a continual source of debate. In an earlier study, we estimated the impact of the Federal Assault Weapons Ban (FAWB) on the number of public mass shooting events in the United States. This study provides an updated assessment with 3 additional years of firearm surveillance data to characterize the longer-term effects.

Objective
This study aims to estimate the impact of the FAWB on trends in public mass shootings from 1966 to 2022.

Methods
We used linear regression to estimate the impact of the FAWB on the 4-year simple moving average of annual public mass shootings, defined by events with 4 or more deaths in 24 hours, not including the perpetrator. The study period spans 1966 to 2022. The model includes indicator variables for both the FAWB period (1995‐2004) and the period after its removal (2005‐2022). These indicators were interacted with a linear time trend. Estimates were controlled for the national homicide rate. After estimation, the model provided counterfactual estimates of public mass shootings if the FAWB was never imposed and if the FAWB remained in place.

Results
The overall upward trajectory in the number of public mass shootings substantially fell while the FAWB was in place. These trends are specific to events in which the perpetrator used an assault weapon or large-capacity magazine. Point estimates suggest the FAWB prevented up to 5 public mass shootings while the ban was active. A continuation of the FAWB and large-capacity magazine ban would have prevented up to 38 public mass shootings, but the CIs become wider as time moves further away from the period of the FAWB.

Conclusions
The FAWB, which included a ban on large-capacity magazines, was associated with fewer public mass shooting events, fatalities, and nonfatal gun injuries. Gun control legislation is an important public health tool in the prevention of public mass shootings.
The Impact of Urban Green Patches on Air Pollutant Concentration: A Case Study of Hangzhou
Authors: Tao Hao , Wen Rikun , Jin Hexian , Yang Liu , N’tani Chingaipe 
Published: August 2024

To explore the impact of landscape pattern index on air pollutant, this study takes the annual average concentrations of PM2.5, O3, PM10, and NO2 at 14 national air quality monitoring stations in Hangzhou from 2014 to 2021 as the dependent variables, and selects five landscape pattern indices of green patches within 500m of the monitoring stations as independent variables. An enhanced regression tree model was used to study the influence of landscape patterns on the concentrations of the four air pollutants. The results show that the most significant influencing factors for the concentrations of PM2.5, O3, PM10, and NO2 are the aggregation index, Shannon's diversity index, aggregation index, and largest patch index respectively, with relative influence rates of 29.27%, 25.06%, 31.28%, and 28.58%, respectively. The aggregation index has a significant impact on all types of air pollutants and plays a good role in reducing air pollution. With higher regional patch aggregation index, the concentration of air particulate matter and nitrogen oxides is greatly alleviated. The largest patch index is significantly negatively correlated with air particulate matter and ozone concentration, and an increase in green areas has a good mitigating effect on these two types of air pollutants. As the Shannon diversity index increases, there is a general trend of decreasing particulate matter concentration, while the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and ozone show a decrease as well. This suggests that the complexity of landscape shape and boundaries is conducive to the reduction of nitrogen dioxide and ozone concentrations to a certain extent.
Living Qur’an, Niqab, and Islamic Law: A Study at Mambaush Sholihin Islamic Boarding School, Gresik, East Java
Authors: Toriquddin Moh , Faizin Nur , Hamidah Tutik , Hamdan Ali , Muhammad Muhammad 
Published: August 2024

Two impressions emerging from wearing a niqab (face veil), i.e., piety and radicalism, are deeply embedded in public perception. The obligation to wear the niqab for female students at an Islamic boarding school known to be moderate and cultural, such as the Mambaush Sholihin Islamic Boarding School, is an interesting issue to study. In this current study, the empirical legal method was used, based on the theory of the living Qur’an and Islamic law. Data collection techniques included in-depth interview, literature review, and focus group discussion. The findings reveal that in the opinions of the Islamic boarding school caretakers, the use of the niqab at Mambaush Shalihin does not lead to an exclusive attitude, but rather to code of conduct, that limits the interaction between men and women. However, some students respond to this conduct differently and they view it as a form of coercion, giving rise to an attitude of resistance expressed when they are outside the school, whereas others still prioritize an attitude of obedience and submission to the kyai. On the other hand, some people in the public perceive this as a form of change in the Islamic boarding school towards radicalism while others believe that the school remain on the principles of the moderate teachings of Ahl Sunnah wal Jamaah. In practice, wearing the niqab at Mambaush Shalihin is a form of the Living Qur’an in relation to the command to cover the awrah(private parts) for women. Meanwhile, according to Islamic law, the law on wearing the veil is different among the scholars of the four schools of thought. This article argues that the use of the veil in Islamic boarding schools is not affiliated with a particular madhhab but rather aims to discipline female students who study in the same room as male students. This is indicated by the non-obligation to wear any face veil for female students who have not yet studied in college, i.e., junior and senior high school levels.
Fulfillment of The Living Rights of Children the Victims of Divorce in the Muslim Community of Lombok, Indonesia
Authors: Abdullah Abdullah , Syahri Akhmad , Hamamah Fatin , Gafur Abd. , Sholeh Ahmad 
Published: August 2024

This research examines the effectiveness of fulfilling the livelihood rights of children, the victims of divorce, the inhibiting factors, and how alternative solutions solve the problem of providing for children in Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This research is field research. The research data includes primary data and secondary data. The primary data is data obtained from respondents, informants, and resource persons. Data collection techniques in this research used interview techniques, observation, and documentation. The data that had been collected was inventoried and classified and then analyzed using the deductive method to draw conclusions. The results of this study indicate that fulfilling the livelihood rights of children of divorce victims in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia is not very effective. Research data shows that 45% of children who are the victims of divorce are not given a living right at all, and the remaining 55% are given a living but not by the nominal needs of the children, 24% of children are given a living of 100,000-300,000 thousand per month and 31% of children who are the victims of divorce are given a living of 350,000 -500,000 thousand rupiahs. Factors inhibiting the fulfillment of children's livelihood and education rights are 42% due to negligence, 26% due to marriage, 21% family conflict, and 11% due to economic factors. An alternative solution to overcoming the problem of fulfilling children's livelihood rights is socialization law, tabayyun and deliberation, religious approach, and legal approach.
Analysis of Policies and Strategies to Lower Childhood Stunting in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Paikah Nur , Yamin Muhammad , Hafni Nur 
Published: August 2024

Analysis of policies and strategies to accelerate stunting reducing in children in South Sulawesi Province. Examine the facts and make corrections to various policies and strategic programs that are better and more comprehensive by the central government and regional governments because the quality of future human resources is largely determined by the current condition of children so that the golden generation of 2045 can be realized. This research aims to analyzing policies to reduce stunting rates in South Sulawesi Province. The research uses normative legal methods analyzed with policy theory, while data collection techniques come from trusted sources such as government reports, scientific journals and health survey data. The research findings reveal several important factors contributing to the high stunting rates in South Sulawesi Province, including limited access to adequate nutrition, low maternal education levels, and poor sanitation. Evaluation of existing policies indicates that the policies implemented by the provincial government have had a positive impact but still require improvement and enhancement in their implementation. Therefore, recommended strategies to accelerate stunting reduction include improving access to adequate nutrition, enhancing maternal health education, and improving sanitation. The results of this study are expected to provide input to the provincial government and relevant stakeholders in formulating more effective and efficient policies to address stunting in children in South Sulawesi Province.
The Granting of Family Card for Siri Marriage in Banda City: Perspective of Islamic Family Law
Authors: Daniela Nadya Pratiwi , Hanapi Agustin , Husnul Muhammad , Fahri Marjana 
Published: August 2024

Law No. 1 of 1974, as does the Compilation of Islamic Law, concerning marriage mandates the registration of every marriage to obtain legal validity such as a marriage certificate, which later becomes a requirement for making a family card. A family card is obtained if a marriage is registered in accordance with applicable laws and regulations. Siri (i.e., unregistered) marriage previously had various consequences, including children not having birth certificates, not having family cards, and, not being able to obtain their rights as husband and wife in the event of marital disputes. Therefore, marriage must be officially registered in order to obtain all the documents needed to create a family card. This will minimize the prevalence of siri marriage. However, the issuance of Minister of Home Affairs Regulation (PERMENDAGRI) No. 108 of 2019, which adds the status of unregistered marriage and unregistered divorce to the provision of family card, has allowed the registration of a family card without attaching a marriage certificate and accommodated providing family cards for unregistered marriages. On the one hand, having family cards is deemed necessary; yet, on the other hand, it is contrary to Law No. 1 of 1974 on Marriage. From a sociological point of view, it can have a negative impact on the increase of siri marriage as it no longer has any consequence at all. Thus, it is important to review the application of PERMENDAGRI No. 108 of 2019 sociologically from the perspective of Islamic family law using the theory of maslahah (benefit). This empirical study used the descriptive qualitative approach, which took place in Banda Aceh City. The study collected legal materials through document study. Sociologically, many negative effects have occurred on the issuance of family cards from the perspective of Islamic family law as well as the consequences of the implementation of PERMENDAGRI No. 108 of 2019 for women and children.
The new document from the reign of Mikhail Fedorovich about the service of the "newly-baptised people" and Tatars in the guard regiment
Authors: Belousov Maxim Rudolfovich 
Published: August 2024

The article introduces into scientific circulation, investigates, and publishes a document on the history of noblemen and county servicemen of Likhvin, Solova, Borovsk, Vereya and Odoyev counties, "newly-baptised people" of Moscow, Borovsk, Maloyaroslavets, Serpukhov, Kaluga, Kolomna and Kashira counties and Tatar Cossacks of Borovsk county (the nominal list of the "noblemen of different counties who should serve in the guard regiment on Kropivna"). The nominal list studied in the article was deposited in the fund of the Military Records Office of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA). The article gives an archaeographic description of the published document, and substantiates the proposed dating of the nominal list of military servicemen. The article describes the information potential of the nominal lists of service people. The article is addressed to specialists in social history, the genealogy of servicemen, including the "newly-baptised people" and Tatar Cossacks, and the source studies of clerical work documents.
For citation: Belousov M.R. The new document from the reign of Mikhail Fedorovich about the service of the "newly-baptised people" and Tatars in the guard regiment. From History and Culture of Peoples of the Middle Volga Region. 2024, vol.14, no.1, pp.145–163. https://doi.org/10.22378/2410-0765.2024-14-1.145-163 (In Russian)
The influence of fatigue on the daily functioning of multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Arsovski Denis 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Fatigue is a complex and often debilitating symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS), affecting a large number of individuals with the condition. Research has shown that fatigue and impaired mobility are the two main causes of work loss in people with MS, with fatigue being one of the leading causes of unemployment.

Aim
The research aimed to study the impact of fatigue on individuals with MS, including its effects on physical functioning, daily life activities, work, family, and social life.

Material and method
The data was collected using the Fatigue Assessment Scale, a tool specifically designed for individuals with multiple sclerosis to assess the impact of fatigue on their work, home, and school life. The Fatigue Severity Scale measures fatigue levels, which distinguishes fatigue from clinical depression due to overlapping symptoms. Approximately 700 participants from all over the world participated in the study, with the majority coming from the USA, Canada, and Germany.

Results
The results indicate that fatigue presents a significant challenge for individuals with MS, impacting activities of daily life including leisure, work, and treatment (kinesitherapy). The results also show a connection between gender and fatigue, although the dependence or independence between the two was not determined. Our findings suggest that fatigue is one of the three symptoms that causes significant difficulties for people with MS, affecting all areas of their functionality.

Conclusions
In conclusion, this scientific paper highlights the importance of addressing fatigue in individuals with MS, as it can have a significant impact on their quality of life. Effective management strategies are essential to ensure the health, well-being, and recovery of affected SM patients. Further research is needed to understand the various causes of fatigue in MS and to develop effective interventions to address it.
Space-Time Trend of Arboviruses in Health Regions of Bahia: Na Ecological Study During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Carvalho de Souza Jessica Suzarte , Alves Portella Daniel Deivson , Santos Ferreira Elvira Catiana de Oliveira , Ribas Júnior Nilton de Souza , do Carmo Luiz Olinda , De Araújo Edna Maria , Da Silva Filho Aloísio Machado 
Published: August 2024

Objective: To analyze the temporal trend of Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya rates in the Health Regions of the State of Bahia (RSEBA) from March 2020 to June 2021.

Theoretical reference: Arboviruses are considered a group of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses that cause serious consequences for the health of the population, generating concern for health authorities. With the impacts generated by the Covid-19 pandemic, it was postponed, requiring efforts for this health emergency. Therefore, studying the spatio-temporal trend of arboviruses becomes necessary to analyze the dynamics of the number of arbovirus cases registered in the health regions of the state of Bahia.

Method: The spatial distribution of average rates by Health Region (RS) in Bahia will be investigated and trend analysis will be carried out using simple linear regression with PraisWinsten correction.

Results and discussion: The possible findings raise the hypothesis that the fluctuations in the time series evaluated are associated with the Covid-19 pandemic and the consequent underreporting of cases

Implications of the research: As there is a lack of research in the literature that evaluates the rates of arbovirus cases in time and space, considering them as health regions, it is possible to affirm that our findings can offer the scientific community and/or public health investors subsidies to direct public policies that optimize actions on the part of these agents, taking into account the health region most affected by these diseases.
A case of lumbar spinal solitary fibrous tumor or hemangiopericytomas
Authors: Alkulli Osama A. , Albaradie Omar Abdulrahman , Alghamdi Khalid Talal , Kutub Layan Hussam , Kutub Hussam 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) account for 3.7% of all soft-tissue sarcomas, with an annual incidence of 0.35/100,000 individuals. Notably, although 20% involve the central nervous system, only one in 10 occurs in the spine versus the brain.

Case Description:
A 46-year-old female presented with 18 months of left lower extremity sciatica. On examination, she had a 60° limitation of straight leg raising but was otherwise neurologically intact. The lumbar magnetic resonance revealed a dumbbell tumor at the L4–L5 level filing the canal, causing cauda equina compression and extending into the left L45 foramen. The patient successfully underwent a L4 left hemi-laminectomy for tumor resection. The postoperative World Health Organization (WHO) histopathology was consistent with a SFT/WHO Grade I hemangiopericytoma (HPC).

Conclusion:
A 46-year-old female with a lumbar L4 SFT with the left L45 foraminal extension successfully underwent a left hemilaminectomy for GTR of an SFT/WHO Grade I HPC.
Cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Yamahata Hitoshi , Ijiri Kosei , Tanabe Fumito , Murasumi Kyoichi , Nagano Yushi , Makino Ryutaro , Higa Nayuta , Hanaya Ryosuke 
Published: August 2024

Background:
In this study, we examined the impact and degree of lumbar stenosis on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein concentration.

Methods:
In this retrospective study, we analyzed protein concentrations in CSF samples of 61 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) obtained during pre-operative myelography. Patients were divided into two groups: those showing no block to contrast (Group A) versus those showing medium block to contrast below the lumbar puncture level (Group B).

Results:
The CSF protein concentration in Group B (104.3 ± 59 g/dL) patients with medium block was significantly greater than that in Group A (65.1 ± 33 g/dL) patients without medium block.

Conclusion:
A higher average CSF protein concentration was seen in Group B patients with significant lumbar stenosis versus Group A patients without significant lumbar stenosis. Theoretically, damage to the cauda equina in patients with LSS may cause these elevated CSF protein levels.
Median of interval data
Authors: Пролубников А.В. 
Published: August 2024

Медиана набора чисел — это число, которое находится в середине этого набора, если его упорядочить по неубыванию. В работе производится обобщение определения медианы числовых значений для данных с интервальной неопределенностью. В этом случае при определении медианы необходимо задать отношение линейного порядка для интервальных данных и найти для них частоту встречаемости. Эта задача решается нами за счет перехода от исходных интервалов к набору их подынтервалов, объединением которых могут быть получены исходные интервалы. Обобщение производится с соблюдением принципа соответствия: при стремлении ширин интервалов к нулю значение медианы, рассчитанной для интервалов, стремится к значению медианы точечных значений, к которым стремятся сужаемые интервалы. Производится сравнение определяемой в работе медианы с интервальной медианой, определяемой как интервал, концы которого являются соответственно медианами левых и правых концов интервалов выборки. Показывается, что в случае если не одно, а все или некоторое множество допускаемых интервалами выборки точечных значений могут быть истинными, то определяемая интервальная медиана более адекватно оценивает их точечное медианное значение.
Purpose. Define the median of the interval sample as a statistical characteristic of the sample elements, generalizing the definition of the median for point data. Methodology. To determine the median of an interval sample, it is necessary to set a linear order relation for interval data and determine the frequency of occurrence in the sample for them. We solve this problem by switching from the initial sampling intervals to a minimal set of their subintervals (elementary subintervals), sampling intervals can be obtained by combining these subintervals. A generalized definition of the median for point data is carried out by us in compliance with the correspondence principle: when the interval widths tend to zero, the median value calculated for the intervals will tend to the median value of the sample of point values to which the narrowed intervals tend. Findings. The median of the sample with interval elements is determined. This definition is a natural generalization of both the usual definition of the sample median as the middle value in a variation series composed of sample elements and the definition of the median of grouped data. Originality/value. The interval median defined in the paper can be used to estimate the distribution of interval empirical data through their median value and for centering and normalization of interval data. If the value specified with interval uncertainty is guaranteed to take on all possible values from given sampling intervals and does not have only one true value for each sampling interval, the interval median determined in the paper turns out to be more adequate for estimating the middle value than the median determined by the ends of the sampling intervals.