bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation on Shenzhen primary and secondary school students injury surveillance system
Authors: Zhou L , Wu Y , Wu X 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundStudents' injury surveillance is important in injury prevention and control. Therefore, we developed the primary and secondary school students injury surveillance system (PSSSISS) and evaluated it in primary and secondary schools of Shenzhen.AimsAims of this study were to assess PSSSISS in Shenzhen, find out the problems existed in this system, provide feedback to guide injury prevention and intervention, and thus to reduce the injury rate among students.MethodsA total of 22 schools (11 primary schools, seven junior high schools and four senior high schools) were included into the surveillance during the period 2006–2010. Quality and quantity methods were used to assess PMSSISS. Additionally, Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems was also used as a reference.ResultsResults from PSSSISS showed that injury cumulative incidence in each academic year was between 0.80% and 1.16% from 2006 to 2010 among Shenzhen students. Injury rate of boys was higher than the rate of girls, and 37.52% of injuries occurred in sports. Furthermore, the leading cause of injuries was falls/trips (61.53%) and bone fracture was the leading result caused by injuries (30.91%). Using quality and quantity methods we found that PSSSISS was good in the following aspects: simplicity, flexibility, data quality, acceptability, stability and representativeness. However, sensitivity and timeliness of PSSSISS needed to be improved.SignificanceAlthough PSSSISS has some flaws needed to be improved, it is a feasible and effective injury surveillance system for primary and secondary school students' injury surveillance.
Characteristics concerning to road traffic accident during Songkran festival among population in zone 5, 2004
Authors: Chawananoraset P , Ruansri S , Tagoljit A 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundSongkran festival declared as ‘Family day’ for all Thais. Millions of Thais who live and work in different places will return home and a chance of road traffic accidents.Aim/Objectives/PurposeThe objective of this descriptive research was to study factors related to road traffic accidents during Songkran festival in 2004.MethodsStudied population were the injured and the dead from road traffic accidents admitted to six hospitals in Nakornratchasima during 9–18 April 2004. Twenty-eight of the injured were sampled for in-dept interview. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from Injury Surveillance Form and from in-dept interviewing.Results/OutcomesThe study revealed males were 2–3 times more than females. Age were mostly between 16 and 25-years-old, graduated from secondary school level or lower, occupations were employee, living in municipal area. Results of the accidents, 87.4% were injured and 4.1% passed away, most of them died at the accidental sites. Drivers accounted for 51.5% and 42.8% were passengers. Fifty-one % of motorcycle drivers weren't using helmet. While 96.2% no data of seatbelt fastening. Alcoholic consumption before driving was 9.9%, but 61.0% were not documented. Accidents occurring during 12–14 April 2004 were 42.3%, with maximal occurring on 13 April 2004, the peak hours was 12.00–20.00Significance/Contribution to the FieldMain factors of road accident during Songkran festival such as disobey of traffic rule. Lack of safety equipment and the critical place and time of the most accident. This factor should be taken as the consideration for the involve authorities to important road safety policy.
Effects of body weight reduction on blood adipokines and subcutaneous adipose tissue adipokine mRNA expression profiles in obese ponies
Authors: Ungru J. , Coenen M. , Vervuert I. , Blüher M. , Raila J. , Boston Ray 
Published: October 2012

Fifteen obese ponies were used in a body weight (BW) reduction programme (BWRP, daily energy intake: 7.0–8.4 MJ/100 kg BW). A frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was used to assess insulin sensitivity. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies of the tail head were obtained for mRNA gene expression profiles of adiponectin, retinol‐binding protein 4 (RBP4), interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and macrophage activation marker (CD68) before and after BWRP. Blood samples were analysed for serum leptin, serum RBP4 and plasma adiponectin. Significant BW losses occurred with 7 MJ DE/100 kg BW. Serum leptin and RBP4 were initially similar between insulin‐resistant (IR) and insulin‐sensitive (IS) ponies, and both significantly decreased during BWRP. Compared with IS ponies, IR ponies initially had significantly lower plasma adiponectin levels. At the beginning of BWRP, mRNA expression of RBP4, adiponectin, IL‐6 and CD68 was similar between IR and IS ponies. Plasma adiponectin was strongly related to IR, whereas serum leptin and RBP4 were closely linked to adiposity, independent of insulin sensitivity. Adipose tissue mRNA expression profiles did not clearly reflect these differences. However, the role of subcutaneous adipose tissue in IR remains open.
Perceived and Objective Breast Cancer Risk Assessment in Chilean Women Living in an Underserved Area
Authors: Banegas Matthew P. , Püschel Klaus , Martínez-Gutiérrez Javiera , Anderson Jennifer C. , Thompson Beti 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among Chilean women and an increasingly significant public health threat. This study assessed the accuracy of breast cancer risk perception among underserved, Chilean women.
Methods: Women aged 50 to 70 years, with no mammogram during the last 2 years, were randomly selected from a community clinic registry in Santiago, Chile (n = 500). Perceived risk was measured using three methods: absolute risk, comparative risk, and numerical risk. Risk comprehension was measured by comparing women's perceived and objective risk estimates. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess overestimation of perceived risk.
Results: Women at high risk of breast cancer were more likely than average risk women to perceive themselves at high or higher risk, using absolute and comparative risk approaches (P &lt; 0.001). The majority of participants (67%) overestimated their breast cancer risk, on the basis of risk comprehension; although, participants achieved higher accuracy with comparative risk (40%) and absolute risk (31.6%) methods. [Age, breast cancer knowledge and Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool (BCRAT) 5-year risk were significantly associated (P &lt; 0.01) with accuracy of perceived risk].
Conclusion: Chilean women residing in an underserved community may not accurately assess their breast cancer risk, although risk perception and level of accuracy differed between perceived risk measures. Comparative and absolute risk methods may better reflect women's interpretation and accuracy of risk perception.
Impact: Improving our understanding of Chilean women's perceptions of developing breast cancer may lead to the development of culturally relevant efforts to reduce the breast cancer burden in this population. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(10); 1716–21. ©2012 AACR.
A Multilevel Research Perspective on Cancer Care Delivery: The Example of Follow-Up to An Abnormal Mammogram
Authors: Taplin Stephen H. , Yabroff K. Robin , Zapka Jane 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn 1999, researchers and policy makers recognized the challenge of creating an integrated patient-centered cancer care process across the many types of care from risk assessment through end of life. More than a decade later, there has been limited progress toward that goal even though the standard reductionist approach to health services and medical research has resulted in major advances in tests, procedures, and individualized patient approaches to care. In this commentary, we propose that considering an entire care process within its multilevel context may increase progress toward an integrated experience and improvements in the quality of care. As an illustrative case, we describe the multilevel context of care delivery for the process of follow-up to an abnormal screening mammogram. By taking a multilevel perspective on this process, we identify a rich set of options for intervening and improving follow-up to abnormalities and, therefore, outcomes of screening. We propose that taking this multilevel perspective when designing interventions may improve the quality of cancer care in an effective and sustainable way. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(10); 1709–15. ©2012 AACR.
Global Gene Expression Analysis in Cord Blood Reveals Gender-Specific Differences in Response to Carcinogenic Exposure In Utero
Authors: Hochstenbach Kevin , van Leeuwen Danitsja M. , Gmuender Hans , Gottschalk Ralf W. , Løvik Martinus , Granum Berit , Nygaard Unni , Namork Ellen , Kirsch-Volders Micheline , Decordier Ilse , Vande Loock Kim , Besselink Harrie , Törnqvist Margareta , von Stedingk Hans , Rydberg Per , Kleinjans Jos C.S. , van Loveren Henk , van Delft Joost H.M. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Background: It has been suggested that fetal carcinogenic exposure might lead to predisposition to develop cancer during childhood or in later life possibly through modulation of the fetal transcriptome. Because gender effects in the incidence of childhood cancers have been described, we hypothesized differences at the transcriptomic level in cord blood between male and female newborns as a consequence of fetal carcinogenic exposure. The objective was to investigate whether transcriptomic responses to dietary genotoxic and nongenotoxic carcinogens show gender-specific mechanisms-of-action relevant for chemical carcinogenesis.
Methods: Global gene expression was applied in umbilical cord blood samples, the CALUX-assay was used for measuring dioxin(-like), androgen(-like), and estrogen(-like) internal exposure, and acrylamide–hemoglobin adduct levels were determined by mass spectrometry adduct-FIRE-procedureTM. To link gene expression to an established phenotypic biomarker of cancer risk, micronuclei frequencies were investigated.
Results: While exposure levels did not differ between sexes at birth, important gender-specific differences were observed in gene expressions associated with these exposures linked with cell cycle, the immune system and more general cellular processes such as posttranslation. Moreover, oppositely correlating leukemia/lymphoma genes between male and female newborns were identified in relation to the different biomarkers of exposure that might be relevant to male-specific predisposition to develop these cancers in childhood.
Conclusions/Impact: This study reveals different transcriptomic responses to environmental carcinogens between the sexes. In particular, male-specific TNF-alpha-NF-kB signaling upon dioxin exposure and activation of the Wnt-pathway in boys upon acrylamide exposure might represent possible mechanistic explanations for gender specificity in the incidence of childhood leukemia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(10); 1756–67. ©2012 AACR.
Associations of Lifestyle Factors and Anthropometric Measures with Repeat PSA Levels During Active Surveillance/Monitoring
Authors: Burton Anya J. , Martin Richard M. , Donovan Jenny L. , Lane J. Athene , Davis Michael , Hamdy Freddie C. , Neal David E. , Tilling Kate 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Background: Assessment of prostate-specific antigen increase with time (PSA growth) is a fundamental component of active surveillance among men with localized prostate cancer. Factors that influence PSA growth, however, are unclear. We evaluated associations of anthropometric and lifestyle factors with age-related PSA growth.
Methods: Repeat PSA measures from 404 men, aged 50 to 69 years, with localized prostate cancer undergoing active monitoring were obtained. From log(PSA) measures, age-specific multilevel mixed effect linear models were developed to predict PSA at age 50 years and yearly increase in postdiagnosis PSA. Baseline anthropometric measures, alcohol consumption, occupational class, smoking status, and physical activity were added to the model as covariates.
Results: The median number of repeat PSAs was 13 (range, 2–40), and the mean duration of follow-up was 4.8 years (SD, 2.3). The basic model of age-related PSA growth in men with localized prostate cancer estimated a mean PSA at age 50 of 3.95 ng/mL [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.55 to 4.39] and a yearly increase of 8.50% (95% CI: 7.90% to 9.10%). PSA at age 50 years was 2.1% lower per unit increase in weighted exercise score (95% CI: −3.3 to −0.8), 5.3% lower per 5 cm increase in height (95% CI: −9.4 to −1.1), and 24.5% higher (95% CI: 4.0 to 49.1) in current smokers than never smokers. Similar associations with PSA growth were seen.
Conclusion: Smoking and exercise are modifiable lifestyle factors that may be associated with PSA levels in men with localized prostate cancer undergoing active monitoring/surveillance.
Impact: These factors may be useful in understanding etiology of progression. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(10); 1877–85. ©2012 AACR.
Age-Associated Gene Expression in Normal Breast Tissue Mirrors Qualitative Age-at-Incidence Patterns for Breast Cancer
Authors: Pirone Jason R. , D'Arcy Monica , Stewart Delisha A. , Hines William C. , Johnson Melissa , Gould Michael N. , Yaswen Paul , Jerry D. Joseph , Schneider Sallie Smith , Troester Melissa A. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Background: Age is the strongest breast cancer risk factor, with overall breast cancer risk increasing steadily beginning at approximately 30 years of age. However, while breast cancer risk is lower among younger women, young women's breast cancer may be more aggressive. Although, several genomic and epidemiologic studies have shown higher prevalence of aggressive, estrogen-receptor negative breast cancer in younger women, the age-related gene expression that predisposes to these tumors is poorly understood. Characterizing age-related patterns of gene expression in normal breast tissues may provide insights on etiology of distinct breast cancer subtypes that arise from these tissues.
Methods: To identify age-related changes in normal breast tissue, 96 tissue specimens from patients with reduction mammoplasty, ages 14 to 70 years, were assayed by gene expression microarray.
Results: Significant associations between gene expression levels and age were identified for 802 probes (481 increased, 321 decreased with increasing age). Enriched functions included “aging of cells,” “shape change,” and “chemotaxis,” and enriched pathways included Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, Ephrin receptor signaling, and JAK/Stat signaling. Applying the age-associated genes to publicly available tumor datasets, the age-associated pathways defined two groups of tumors with distinct survival.
Conclusion: The hazard rates of young-like tumors mirrored that of high-grade tumors in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, providing a biologic link between normal aging and age-related tumor aggressiveness.
Impact: These data show that studies of normal tissue gene expression can yield important insights about the pathways and biologic pressures that are relevant during tumor etiology and progression. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(10); 1735–44. ©2012 AACR.
Variation in IL10 and Other Genes Involved in the Immune Response and in Oxidation and Prostate Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Dluzniewski Paul J. , Wang Ming-Hsi , Zheng Siqun Lilly , De Marzo Angelo M. , Drake Charles G. , Fedor Helen L. , Partin Alan W. , Han Misop , Fallin M. Daniele , Xu Jianfeng , Isaacs William B. , Platz Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Background: To evaluate the association of variation in genes involved in immune response, including IL10, production and detoxification of reactive oxygen species, and repair of oxidative DNA damage with risk of recurrence after surgery for localized prostate cancer.
Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study of men who had a radical prostatectomy in 1993 to 2001. A total of 484 recurrence cases and 484 controls were matched on age, race, and pathologic stage and grade. Germline DNA was extracted from paraffin-embedded unaffected lymph nodes. We genotyped candidate single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in IL10, CRP, GPX1, GSR, GSTP1, hOGG1, IL1B, IL1RN, IL6, IL8, MPO, NOS2, NOS3, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3, TLR4, and TNF and tagging SNPs in IL10, CRP, GSR, IL1RN, IL6, NOS2, and NOS3. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate OR and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: The minor allele (A) in IL10 rs1800872, known to produce less interleukin-10 (IL-10), was associated with a higher risk of recurrence (OR = 1.76, 95% CI: 1.00–3.10), and the minor allele (G) in rs1800896, known to produce more IL-10, was associated with a lower risk of recurrence (OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.48–0.91). We also observed associations for candidate SNPs in CRP, GSTP1, and IL1B. A common IL10 haplotype and 2 common NOS2 haplotypes were associated with recurrence.
Conclusion: Variation in IL10, CRP, GSTP1, IL1B, and NOS2 was associated with prostate cancer recurrence independent of pathologic prognostic factors.
Impact: This study supports that genetic variation in immune response and oxidation influence prostate cancer recurrence risk and suggests genetic variation in these pathways may inform prognosis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(10); 1774–82. ©2012 AACR.
Do Breast Implants Adversely Affect Prognosis among Those Subsequently Diagnosed with Breast Cancer? Findings from an Extended Follow-Up of a Canadian Cohort
Authors: Lavigne Eric , Holowaty Eric J. , Pan Sai Yi , Xie Lin , Villeneuve Paul J. , Morrison Howard , Brisson Jacques 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground: Cosmetic breast implants may impair the ability to detect breast cancers. The aims of this study were to examine whether implants and implant characteristics are associated with more advanced breast tumors at diagnosis and poorer survival.Methods: Study population includes all invasive breast cancer cases diagnosed during follow-up of the large Canadian Breast Implant Cohort. A total of 409 women with cosmetic breast implants and 444 women with other cosmetic surgery were diagnosed with breast cancer. These women were compared for stage at diagnosis using multinomial logistic regression models. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used for breast cancer-specific mortality analyses. Comparisons were also conducted according to implant characteristics.Results: Compared with women with other cosmetic surgery, those with cosmetic breast implants had at later stage breast cancer diagnosis (OR of having stage III/IV vs. stage I at diagnosis: 3.04, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.81–5.10; P &lt; 0.001). A nonstatistically significant increase in breast cancer-specific mortality rate for women with breast implants relative to surgical controls was observed (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 0.94–1.83, P = 0.11). No statistically significant differences in stage and breast cancer mortality were observed according to implant characteristics.Conclusions: At diagnosis, breast cancers tended to be at more advanced stages among women with cosmetic breast implants. Breast cancer-specific survival was lower in these women although the reduction did not reach statistical significance.Impact: Further investigations of the effect of breast implants on breast cancer prognosis are warranted. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(10); 1868–76. ©2012 AACR.
The Ohio Patient Navigation Research Program: Does the American Cancer Society Patient Navigation Model Improve Time to Resolution in Patients with Abnormal Screening Tests?
Authors: Paskett Electra D. , Katz Mira L. , Post Douglas M. , Pennell Michael L. , Young Gregory S. , Seiber Eric E. , Harrop J. Phil , DeGraffinreid Cecilia R. , Tatum Cathy M. , Dean Julie A. , Murray David M. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Background: Patient navigation (PN) has been suggested as a way to reduce cancer health disparities; however, many models of PN exist and most have not been carefully evaluated. The goal of this study was to test the Ohio American Cancer Society model of PN as it relates to reducing time to diagnostic resolution among persons with abnormal breast, cervical, or colorectal cancer screening tests or symptoms.
Methods: A total of 862 patients from 18 clinics participated in this group-randomized trial. Chart review documented the date of the abnormality and the date of resolution. The primary analysis used shared frailty models to test for the effect of PN on time to resolution. Crude HR were reported as there was no evidence of confounding.
Results: HRs became significant at 6 months; conditional on the random clinic effect, the resolution rate at 15 months was 65% higher in the PN arm (P = 0.012 for difference in resolution rate across arms; P = 0.009 for an increase in the HR over time).
Conclusions: Participants with abnormal cancer screening tests or symptoms resolved faster if assigned to PN compared with those not assigned to PN. The effect of PN became apparent beginning six months after detection of the abnormality.
Impact: PN may help address health disparities by reducing time to resolution after an abnormal cancer screening test. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(10); 1620–8. ©2012 AACR.
Boston Patient Navigation Research Program: The Impact of Navigation on Time to Diagnostic Resolution after Abnormal Cancer Screening
Authors: Battaglia Tracy A. , Bak Sharon M. , Heeren Timothy , Chen Clara A. , Kalish Richard , Tringale Stephen , Taylor James O. , Lottero Barbara , Egan A. Patrick , Thakrar Nisha , Freund Karen M. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Background: There is a need for controlled studies to assess the impact of patient navigation in vulnerable cancer populations.
Methods: Boston Patient Navigation Research Program conducted a quasi-experimental patient navigation intervention across six federally qualified inner-city community health centers, three assigned to a breast cancer navigation intervention and three assigned to a cervical cancer navigation intervention; each group then served as the control for the other. Eligible women had an abnormal breast or cervical cancer screening test conducted at one of the participating health centers during a baseline (2004–2005) or intervention period (2007–2008). Kaplan–Meier survival curves and proportional hazards regression examined the effect of patient navigation on time to definitive diagnosis, adjusting for covariates, clustering by clinic and differences between the baseline and intervention period.
Results: We enrolled 997 subjects in the baseline period and 3,041 subjects during the intervention period, of whom 1,497 were in the navigated arm, and 1,544 in the control arm. There was a significant decrease in time to diagnosis for subjects in the navigated group compared with controls among those with a cervical screening abnormality [aHR 1.46; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1–1.9]; and among those with a breast cancer screening abnormality that resolved after 60 days (aHR 1.40; 95% CI, 1.1–1.9), with no differences before 60 days.
Conclusions: This study documents a benefit of patient navigation on time to diagnosis among a racially/ethnically diverse inner city population.
Impact: Patient navigation may address cancer health disparities by reducing time to diagnosis following an abnormal cancer-screening event. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 21(10); 1645–54. ©2012 AACR.