bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal Activation of CD4+ T Cells and Synovial Fibroblasts by Stromal Cell–Derived Factor 1 Promotes RANKL Expression and Osteoclastogenesis in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kim Hae‐Rim , Kim Kyoung‐Woon , Kim Bo‐Mi , Jung Hong‐Geun , Cho Mi‐La , Lee Sang‐Heon 
Published: November 2013

ObjectiveStromal cell–derived factor 1 (SDF‐1) is a chemokine that is involved in the bone‐destructive process in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and bony metastasis in malignancy. This study was undertaken to determine the role and mechanism of SDF‐1 in RA‐associated osteoclastogenesis.MethodsThe expression of SDF‐1, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and RANKL in RA synovial tissue was analyzed using confocal microscopy. After synovial fibroblasts and CD4+ T cells were treated with SDF‐1, RANKL messenger RNA expression was determined by real‐time and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Osteoclastogenesis was assessed by counting tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase–positive multinucleated cells in CD14+ monocytes cultured with SDF‐1 in the presence of anticytokine antibodies or signal inhibitors and in monocytes cocultured with SDF‐1–pretreated synovial fibroblasts and CD4+ T cells.ResultsRANKL, TNFα, and SDF‐1 were coexpressed in the lining and sublining of RA synovium. SDF‐1 stimulated RANKL expression in RA synovial fibroblasts and CD4+ T cells, and TNFα inhibition reduced this stimulation. When monocytes isolated from human peripheral blood were cultured with SDF‐1, they were differentiated into osteoclasts in the absence of RANKL. Monocytes were also differentiated into osteoclasts when they were cocultured with SDF‐1–pretreated synovial fibroblasts or CD4+T cells; however, this osteoclastogenesis was reduced by TNFα inhibition.ConclusionOur findings indicate that SDF‐1 induces osteoclastogenesis directly and indirectly via up‐regulating RANKL expression in RA synovial fibroblasts and CD4+ T cells, and that this is mediated by TNFα. The axis of SDF‐1 and RANKL is a potential therapeutic target for RA‐associated bone destruction.
High‐throughput extraction of ‐carotene from Blakeslea trispora based on a newly developed setup
Authors: Dong Hong‐Wei , Li Hong‐Quan , Xu Da‐Gang , Wu Xiang‐Yang , Wu Xin‐Sen , Zhong Jian‐Jiang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRapid and efficient extraction of bioactive compounds from biomass for sample analysis presents one of the major challenges in high‐productive strain screening and bioprocess development. In this work, a high‐throughput method based on a new setup was developed for the extraction of ‐carotene from Blakeslea trispora. After the cell was completely disrupted by high‐throughput machinery grinding, ‐carotene was completely extracted by chloroform and dimethylsulfoxide (1:1, v/v). According to the experimental results, the newly developed high‐throughput extraction (HTPE) method could simultaneously process 96 samples within 30 Min, and only 5‐mL solvent was used for each sample. The sufficient extraction of ‐carotene by the HTPE method, which was confirmed by the conventional reference extraction method, further demonstrated that the newly developed HTPE method was more efficient and economical than the methods developed previously for the extraction of ‐carotene.
Modelling soil moisture, water partitioning, and plant water stress under irrigated conditions in desert urban areas
Authors: Volo Thomas J. , Vivoni Enrique R. , Martin Chris A. , Earl Stevan , Ruddell Benjamin L. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThis study conducts a comparative analysis of the effects of irrigation scheduling at two urban residential sites in the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan area: a xeriscaped site (gravel base with low water use plants) and a mesiscaped site (turf grass and shade trees). A model of soil moisture dynamics was calibrated to observed soil moisture data from irrigated and non‐irrigated sensors at the xeric site and an irrigated sensor at the mesic site. Model simulations were conducted at both irrigated sites to investigate effects of irrigation scheduling; plant stress parameters; and precipitation variability on soil moisture dynamics, water balance partitioning, and plant water stress. Results indicated a substantial difference in soil water storage capacity at the two sites. At the xeric site, seasonal variation of irrigation input was shown to be critical in avoiding losses from the rooting zone, while reducing plant water stress. At the mesic site, sensitivity to irrigation scenarios was lower, though small amounts of water savings were achieved with seasonal applications. The model was then used to determine the minimum annual irrigation required to achieve specified levels of plant stress using long‐term meteorological records. A bimodal schedule consisting of low winter and summer irrigation was identified as a means to conserve water while keeping moderate levels of dynamic water stress. Results from the quantitative model can potentially assist water and landscape managers in desert urban areas by identifying opportunities for water savings, while providing a deeper understanding of the ecohydrological differences between the two types of landscape designs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two Hybrid Compounds Based on Octamolybdate and an N‐Donor Multidentate Ligand: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties
Authors: Zhou Shi , Chen Ya‐Guang , Liu Bo , Li Xiao‐Min , Wang Dong‐Xiao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo polyoxometalate inorganic–organic hybrids based on octamolybdate and a multidentate N‐donor ligand, [Ag4L4(γ‐Mo8O26)]·2H2O (1), [Ni2L2(γ‐Mo8O26)(H2O)8]·3H2O (2), in which L = 2,4,5‐tri(4‐pyridyl)imidazole, were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions. Compound 1 is constructed from octamolybdates (γ‐Mo8O26)4–, 1D AgL chains, and 2D AgL layers, which are held together through N–H···O hydrogen bonds between the chain/layer and the octamolybdates, extending into a 3D supramolecular structure. Compound 2 displays a 1D infinite chain structure. The chains are formed by coordination of the nitrogen atoms of the ligand to the five‐coordinate molybdenum atoms of (γ‐Mo8O26)4– and the Ni ions through the Mo–N–Ni bond and are further linked by N–H···O hydrogen bonds to form a 3D supramolecular architecture. Compound 2, to the best of our knowledge, is the first example of an octamolybdate anion decorated by a big tridentate N‐donor organic molecule. The compounds were further characterized by IR spectroscopy, UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescent spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, thermogravimetric analysis, and powder X‐ray diffraction. Moreover, their photocatalysis properties for degradation of methylene blue upon UV irradiation were examined.
From Neutral to Ionic Species: Syntheses and X‐ray Crystallographic and Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopic Studies of Li···P(SiMe3)–PtBu2 and Its Solvent Complexes
Authors: Sattler Ewald , Matern Eberhard , Rothenberger Alexander , Okrut Alexander , Bombicz Petra , Fernández Ignacio , Kovács Ilona 
Published: November 2013

AbstractLi(THF)3P(SiMe3)–PtBu2 (1, THF = tetrahydrofuran) has been prepared by the reaction of (Me3Si)2P–PtBu2 with n‐butyllithium in THF and isolated in good yields. Compound 1 eliminates THF in vacuo to yield the dimeric [Li(THF)P(SiMe3)–PtBu2]2 (2). By metalation of H(SiMe3)P–PtBu2 with n‐butyllithium in hexane, the solvent‐free derivative [Li(Me3Si)P–PtBu2]4 (3) has been prepared. Compounds 1–3 form the ionic species [Li(TMEDA)2]+[(Me3Si)P–PtBu2]– [4, TMEDA = Me2N(CH2)2NMe2] and [Li(12‐crown‐4)2]+[(SiMe3)P–PtBu2]– (5) with TMEDA and 12‐crown‐4, respectively, in solution. The molecular structures of 1–5 were established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 3 forms a cyclic tetramer with a flat butterfly geometry. Extensive solution NMR spectroscopic investigations have shown that all species except for 3 exist in the same form in solution as in the solid state. Moreover, multinuclear variable‐temperature NMR studies showed that 2 is involved in a rapid conversion between conformers at 298 K, which can be slowed down on the NMR timescale at 183 K.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nickel Compounds with Tetradentate Thiolate–Thioether Ligands as Precursors for [NiFe]–Hydrogenase Models
Authors: Weber Katharina , Heise Ingeborg , Weyhermüller Thomas , Lubitz Wolfgang 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSynthesis and X‐ray structural analyses of three NiS4 compounds with aliphatic tetradentate thiolato/thioether ligands―[Ni(xch)], [Ni(pdtch)], and [Ni(pdtdm)], in which H2xch, H2pdtch, and H2pdtdm are α,α′‐bis(trans‐2‐mercapto‐1‐thiacyclohexyl)‐o‐xylene, 1,3‐bis(trans‐2‐mercapto‐1‐thiacyclohexyl)propane, and 1,9‐dimercapto‐3,7‐dithia‐2,2,8,8‐tetramethylnonane―are reported and further investigated by NMR spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The molecular and electronic structures of these nickel complexes are described. All complexes are square planar and show only a small tetrahedral distortion, consistent with a low‐spin nickel(II) center (S = 0). Cyclic voltammetry data reveal that for all compounds both one‐electron oxidation and reduction are irreversible, which is explained by means of DFT calculations. The presented complexes are discussed with regard to their suitability as precursors for dinuclear [NiFe]–hydrogenase model compounds.
Laboratory soil piping and internal erosion experiments: evaluation of a soil piping model for low‐compacted soils
Authors: Fox Garey A. , Felice Rachel G. , Midgley Taber L. , Wilson Glenn V. , Al‐Madhhachi Abdul‐Sahib T. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTMechanistic models have been proposed for soil piping and internal erosion on well‐compacted levees and dams, but limited research has evaluated these models in less compacted (more erodible) soils typical of hillslopes and streambanks. This study utilized a soil box (50 cm long, 50 cm wide and 20 cm tall) to conduct constant‐head, soil pipe and internal erosion experiments for two soils (clay loam from Dry Creek and sandy loam from Cow Creek streambanks) packed at uniform bulk densities. Initial gravimetric moisture contents prior to packing were 10, 12 and 14% for Dry Creek soil and 8, 12, and 14% for Cow Creek soil. A 1‐cm diameter rod was placed horizontally along the length of the soil bed during packing and carefully removed after packing to create a continuous soil pipe. A constant head was maintained at the inflow end. Flow rates and sediment concentrations were measured from the pipe outlet. Replicate submerged jet erosion tests (JETs) were conducted to derive erodibility parameters for repacked samples at the same moisture contents. Flow rates from the box experiments were used to calibrate the mechanistic model. The influence of the initial moisture content was apparent, with some pipes (8% moisture content) expanding so fast that limited data was collected. The mechanistic model was able to estimate equivalent flow rates to those observed in the experiments, but had difficulty matching observed sediment concentrations when the pipes rapidly expanded. The JETs predicted similar erodibility coefficients compared to the mechanistic model for the more erodible cases but not for the less erodible cases (14% moisture content). Improved models are needed that better define the changing soil pipe cross‐section during supply‐ and transport‐limited internal erosion, especially for piping through lower compacted (more erodible) soils as opposed to more well‐compacted soils resulting from constructing levees and dams. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phytoestrogens in the environment, I: Occurrence and exposure effects on fathead minnows
Authors: Rearick Daniel C. , Fleischhacker Nathan T. , Kelly Megan M. , Arnold William A. , Novak Paige J. , Schoenfuss Heiko L. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Naturally occurring phytoestrogens may mimic biogenic estrogens and modulate endocrine action in vertebrates. Little is known, however, about their temporal and spatial variability in the environment and the biological effects associated with exposures. The present study assessed the environmental presence of phytoestrogens in human-impacted and relatively pristine areas. The response in larval and sexually mature fathead minnows to environmentally relevant concentrations of 3 common phytoestrogens (genistein, daidzein, and formononetin), both singly and in mixture, was also quantified. Phytoestrogens were only present in the human-impacted surface waters. When detected, mean concentrations were low (±standard deviation) in an urban lake: 1.4 ± 0.5 ng/L, 1.6 ± 0.7 ng/L, and 1.1 ± 0.2 ng/L for genistein, daidzein, and formononetin, respectively, and in treated wastewater effluent: 1.6 ± 0.4 ng/L, 1.8 ± 1.3 ng/L, and 2.0 ng/L. Biochanin A was detected twice, whereas zearalenone and coumestrol were never detected. No clear temporal trends of aqueous phytoestrogen concentration were evident. Larval survival was significantly reduced in genistein, formononetin, and mixture treatments, whereas adult male fish only exhibited subtle changes to their anatomy, physiology, and behavior. Daidzein-exposed adult females produced greater quantities of eggs. The present study indicates that genistein, daidzein, and formononetin are likely attenuated rapidly and are unlikely to cause widespread ecological harm in the absence of other stressors. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:553–559. © 2013 SETAC
Phytoestrogens in the environment, II: Microbiological degradation of phytoestrogens and the response of fathead minnows to degradate exposure
Authors: Kelly Megan M. , Fleischhacker Nathan T. , Rearick Daniel C. , Arnold William A. , Schoenfuss Heiko L. , Novak Paige J. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Phytoestrogens are endocrine active compounds derived from plants, including the isoflavones genistein and daidzein, and their methylated derivatives biochanin A and formononetin. These compounds have been detected at the µg/L level in the effluents of plant-processing industries and municipal treatment plants and at the ng/L level in surface waters worldwide. The present study assessed the persistence of genistein and daidzein in natural aquatic systems, specifically riverine samples. Initial concentration, temperature, sample location, and time of sample collection varied. Genistein and daidzein were found to be readily biodegradable at all tested concentrations, at both 10 °C and 20 °C, in samples collected during different seasons, and in samples from 3 different rivers. In addition, organismal responses in larval and sexually mature fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were quantified following exposure to microbiologically degraded phytoestrogens (genistein, daidzein, and formononetin). Products of the microbiological degradation of parent phytoestrogens did not affect larval survival, growth, or predator avoidance. Female adult fathead minnows exposed to these degradation products produced significantly fewer eggs than those exposed to a control, but no other morphological, physiological, or behavioral changes were observed with male or female minnows. The present research suggests that although phytoestrogens are not likely to persist in aquatic systems, they may pseudo-persist if discharges are continuous; in addition, caution should be exercised with respect to high-concentration effluents because of the potentially antiestrogenic effects of phytoestrogen degradates. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:560–566. © 2013 SETAC
Robust Rare Variant Association Testing for Quantitative Traits in Samples With Related Individuals
Authors: Jiang Duo , McPeek Mary Sara 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe recent development of high‐throughput sequencing technologies calls for powerful statistical tests to detect rare genetic variants associated with complex human traits. Sampling related individuals in sequencing studies offers advantages over sampling unrelated individuals only, including improved protection against sequencing error, the ability to use imputation to make more efficient use of sequence data, and the possibility of power boost due to more observed copies of extremely rare alleles among relatives. With related individuals, familial correlation needs to be accounted for to ensure correct control over type I error and to improve power. Recognizing the limitations of existing rare‐variant association tests for family data, we propose MONSTER (Minimum P‐value Optimized Nuisance parameter Score Test Extended to Relatives), a robust rare‐variant association test, which generalizes the SKAT‐O method for independent samples. MONSTER uses a mixed effects model that accounts for covariates and additive polygenic effects. To obtain a powerful test, MONSTER adaptively adjusts to the unknown configuration of effects of rare‐variant sites. MONSTER also offers an analytical way of assessing P‐values, which is desirable because permutation is not straightforward to conduct in related samples. In simulation studies, we demonstrate that MONSTER effectively accounts for family structure, is computationally efficient and compares very favorably, in terms of power, to previously proposed tests that allow related individuals. We apply MONSTER to an analysis of high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in the Framingham Heart Study, where we are able to replicate association with three genes.
A note on the quicksort asymptotics
Authors: Fuchs Michael 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn a recent paper, Bindjeme and Fill obtained a surprisingly easy exact formula for the L2‐distance of the (normalized) number of comparisons of Quicksort under the uniform model to its limit. Shortly afterwards, Neininger proved a central limit theorem for the error. As a consequence, he obtained the asymptotics of the L3‐distance. In this short note, we use the moment transfer approach to re‐prove Neininger's result. As a consequence, we obtain the asymptotics of the Lp‐distance for all Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 46,677–687, 2015
A ROOM WITH A VIEW: VISUALISING THE SEASIDE,c. 1750–1914
Authors: Borsay Peter 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe expansion in consumption that marked the British economy in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was based not only on a growth in material goods, but also of experientially and culturally rich products such as leisure and tourism. Underpinning the latter of these, and of key importance in the rise of the seaside resort, was the process of visualisation. The ‘tourist gaze’ became a commodity in its own right, geared around environmental and social subjects, and facilitated by a transformation in the content and reproductive potential of visual culture and an engineering of resorts to deliver views.
Introduction
Authors: Archibald Zosia , Morgan Catherine 
Published: November 2013

This edition of Archaeology in Greece is dedicated to the memory of Hector Catling, Director of the British School at Athens from 1971 until his retirement in 1989. Many tributes have been paid to Dr Catling's distinguished career of academic and personal service. Archaeology in Greece, however, owes a particular debt to him as one of its outstanding editors. Not only did Hector Catling compile the supplement almost single-handedly throughout his directorship of the School, but his research also contributed richly to it, notably via his major excavations at Knossos (for example in the North Cemetery) and in Lakonia at the Menelaion and the Sanctuary of Zeus Messapeus at Tsakona. Archaeology in Greece remains one of his lasting contributions to the scholarly community.In June 2013 we also mourned the passing of two close colleagues, Spyridon Iakovides, Academician and distinguished excavator of Mycenae (where he remained active to the very end of his life), and Elisavet Stasinopoulou, formerly Keeper of Vases and Minor Arts at the National Museum in Athens. In July 2013 we were saddened by the untimely death of Polyxeni Bouyia, expert on central Greece and, as Keeper of the Bronze Collection at the National Museum, a key collaborator in the outstandingly successful Antikythera exhibition. And as we went to press, we received news of the death of George Hourmouziadis, Professor Emeritus of prehistoric archaeology in the Aristotle University, Thessaloniki.
A rare case report of corrected transposition of the great arteries in association with tuberous sclerosis and cardiac rhabdomyomas
Authors: Garg Rajiv , Thakkar Bhavesh , Oswal Nilesh 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe neuro-cutaneous syndrome tuberous sclerosis is commonly associated with rhabdomyomas in various organs including the heart. We are reporting a rare case of a 7-month old male child with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries associated with tuberous sclerosis and cardiac rhabdomyomas. To our knowledge, this rare association has not been reported so far.
Pioneering the Laws of Commerce: Conversations with Professor Leonard Sedgwick Sealy for the Cambridge ESA
Authors: Dingle Lesley 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe calm and courteous mannerisms that Professor Len Sealy's interviews radiate belie a pragmatic determination that has been the hallmark of his long and productive career. For nearly six decades he has been a legal pioneer, working assiduously to elevate the law of commerce, and in particular company law and insolvency, to scholarly respectability in academia and practical understanding in boardrooms. Yet typically, for one who spent his entire professional life collaborating with wealth creators of the commercial world, he eschewed direct personal involvement in such activities. His loyalty to the scholastic tradition, mirrored in his unstinting service to his college and the Faculty, has generated a legacy of fond regard and intellectual respect. These reflections by Professor Sealy are based on interviews with Lesley Dingle at the Squire Law Library during February and April 2013. They should be read in conjunction with Professor Sealy's entry in the Eminent Scholars Archive1.
The provision of end-of-life care by medical-surgical nurses working in acute care: A literature review
Authors: Gagnon Judith , Duggleby Wendy 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjective:Caring for terminally ill patients is complex, stressful, and at times distressing for nurses. Acute care hospitals continue to be the predominant place of death for terminally ill patients in most Western countries. The objective of the present literature review was to explore and gain an in-depth understanding of the experience of providing end-of-life (EOL) care by medical-surgical RNs working in acute care hospitals, to identify knowledge gaps, and to recommend future research.Method:A comprehensive literature review was conducted using the following electronic databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PsyInfo (from 1992 to October 2012).Results:The findings from the 16 reviewed studies suggest that nurses felt a strong commitment to help terminally ill patients experience a good death. Nurses reported feeling deeply rewarded and privileged to share the EOL experience with patients/families. Organizational and individual factors influenced nurses' experience. Important challenges were associated with managing the divergent needs of a mixed patient load (i.e., curative and palliative care patients) in a biomedical culture of care that is heavily oriented toward cure and recovery. In this culture, nurses' emotional work and ideals of good EOL care are often not recognized and supported.Significance of results:Managerial and organizational support that recognize the centrality of emotional work nurses provide to dying patients is needed. More research exploring ways to improve communication among nurses and medical colleagues is essential. Finally, a critical examination of the ideological assumptions guiding nurses' practice of EOL care within the context of acute care is recommended to help reveal their powerful influence in shaping nurses' overall understanding and experience of EOL care.