bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Prestroke Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Treatment on Stroke Severity and Mortality
Authors: Mortensen Janne Kaergaard , Larsson Heidi , Johnsen Søren Paaske , Andersen Grethe 
Published: June 2014

Background and Purpose—
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been associated with an increased risk of bleeding but also a possible neuroprotective effect in stroke. We aimed to examine the implications of prestroke SSRI use in hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke.

Methods—
We conducted a registry-based propensity score–matched follow-up study among first-ever patients with hemorrhage and ischemic stroke in Denmark (2003–2012). Multiple conditional logistic regression was used to compute adjusted odds ratios of severe stroke and death within 30 days.

Results—
Among 1252 hemorrhagic strokes (626 prestroke SSRI users and 626 propensity score–matched nonusers), prestroke SSRI use was associated with an increased risk of the strokes being severe (adjusted propensity score–matched odds ratios, 1.41; confidence interval, 1.08–1.84) and an increased risk of death within 30 days (adjusted propensity score–matched odds ratios, 1.60; confidence interval, 1.17–2.18). Among 8956 patients with ischemic stroke (4478 prestroke SSRI users and 4478 propensity score–matched nonusers), prestroke SSRI use was not associated with the risk of severe stroke or death within 30 days.

Conclusions—
Prestroke SSRI use is associated with increased stroke severity and mortality in patients with hemorrhagic stroke. Although prestroke depression in itself may increase stroke severity and mortality, this was not found in SSRI users with ischemic stroke.
The Neural Substrates of Drawing: A Voxel-based Morphometry Analysis of Constructional, Hierarchical, and Spatial Representation Deficits
Authors: Chechlacz Magdalena , Novick Abigail , Rotshtein Pia , Bickerton Wai-Ling , Humphreys Glyn W. , Demeyere Nele 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDeficits in the ability to draw objects, despite apparently intact perception and motor abilities, are defined as constructional apraxia. Constructional deficits, often diagnosed based on performance on copying complex figures, have been reported in a range of pathologies, perhaps reflecting the contribution of several underlying factors to poor figure drawing. The current study provides a comprehensive analysis of brain–behavior relationships in drawing disorders based on data from a large cohort of subacute stroke patients (n = 358) using whole-brain voxel-wise statistical analyses linked to behavioral measures from a complex figure copy task. We found that (i) overall poor performance on figure copying was associated with subcortical lesions (BG and thalamus), (ii) lateralized deficits with respect to the midline of the viewer were associated with lesions within the posterior parietal lobule, and (iii) spatial positioning errors across the entire figure were associated with lesions within visual processing areas (lingual gyrus and calcarine) and the insula. Furthermore, deficits in reproducing global aspects of form were associated with damage to the right middle temporal gyrus, whereas deficits in representing local features were linked to the left hemisphere lesions within calcarine cortex (extending into the cuneus and precuneus), the insula, and the TPJ. The current study provides strong evidence that impairments in separate cognitive mechanisms (e.g., spatial coding, attention, motor execution, and planning) linked to different brain lesions contribute to poor performance on complex figure copying tasks. The data support the argument that drawing depends on several cognitive processes operating via discrete neuronal networks and that constructional problems as well as hierarchical and spatial representation deficits contribute to poor figure copying.
Morphology of Primary Visual Cortex Predicts Individual Differences in Fixation Duration during Text Reading
Authors: Henderson John M. , Choi Wonil , Luke Steven G. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
In skilled reading, fixations are brief periods of time in which the eyes settle on words. E-Z Reader, a computational model of dynamic reading, posits that fixation durations are under real-time control of lexical processing. Lexical processing, in turn, requires efficient visual encoding. Here we tested the hypothesis that individual differences in fixation durations are related to individual differences in the efficiency of early visual encoding. To test this hypothesis, we recorded participants' eye movements during reading. We then examined individual differences in fixation duration distributions as a function of individual differences in the morphology of primary visual cortex measured from MRI scans. The results showed that greater gray matter surface area and volume in visual cortex predicted shorter and less variable fixation durations in reading. These results suggest that individual differences in eye movements during skilled reading are related to initial visual encoding, consistent with models such as E-Z Reader that emphasize lexical control over fixation time.
Early Anticipation Lies behind the Speed of Response in Conversation
Authors: Magyari Lilla , Bastiaansen Marcel C. M. , de Ruiter Jan P. , Levinson Stephen C. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
RTs in conversation, with average gaps of 200 msec and often less, beat standard RTs, despite the complexity of response and the lag in speech production (600 msec or more). This can only be achieved by anticipation of timing and content of turns in conversation, about which little is known. Using EEG and an experimental task with conversational stimuli, we show that estimation of turn durations are based on anticipating the way the turn would be completed. We found a neuronal correlate of turn-end anticipation localized in ACC and inferior parietal lobule, namely a beta-frequency desynchronization as early as 1250 msec, before the end of the turn. We suggest that anticipation of the other's utterance leads to accurately timed transitions in everyday conversations.
Spectral reflectance and substrate color-induced melanization in immature and adult Midland painted turtles (Chrysemys picta marginata)
Authors: Rowe John W. , Bunce Charles F. , Clark David L. 
Published: June 2014

An animal’s coloration can be involved in communication and crypsis and change dynamically over time. We studied spectral reflectance of color pattern and substrate color-induced melanization in adult Midland Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta marginata). Spectral reflectance of the carapace and plastron ground colors and of the red, yellow, and black markings of the head and limbs did not vary between the sexes. Therefore, yellow and red markings of the head and forelimbs seem unlikely to be sexually-selected traits as would be evidenced by differences in brightness between the sexes. Perhaps the color patterns of the head, neck, and shell margins function to break up the outline of an individual. However, we cannot rule out that the markings of the head and neck function in species recognition or evaluation of mate quality. After being laboratory reared for 150 days, the ground color and the spots or stripes of the head and limbs increased in intensity (turtles lightened) but more so in turtles reared on a white substrate when compared to those reared on a black substrate. At day 150, the ground colors of the carapace and plastron and the black blotches of the marginal scutes of the carapace were darker in individuals reared on a black substrate than in those reared on a white substrate. Therefore, adult turtles that travel among habitats with differing substrate colors could shift the degree of darkness of the carapace and skin ground color, thus more closely matching their backgrounds and reducing predation rates.
Characterisation of nine new polymorphic microsatellite loci in the reticulated glass frog Hyalinobatrachium valerioi (Centrolenidae)
Authors: Ringler Eva , Mangold Alexandra , Trenkwalder Katharina , Ringler Max , Hödl Walter 
Published: June 2014

Here we document the development of thirteen novel microsatellite markers for the reticulated glass frog Hyalinobatrachium valerioi (Centrolenidae). Nine of those markers were polymorphic and contained between 4 and 34 alleles per locus (mean = 20.3) in 138 individuals (91 males, 47 females) from the field site ‘La Gamba’, Costa Rica. Average observed heterozygosity was 0.76. Two loci (Hyval19 and Hyval21) significantly deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. We did not find evidence for linkage disequilibrium among any of the loci. These markers will serve to identify the genetic mating system in H. valerioi, investigate gene flow between local populations, and reconstruct parent-offspring relationships for studies on individual mating and reproductive success. Therefore, these markers will serve to answer a wide range of scientific questions in conservation, behavioural ecology, and also evolutionary biology.
Contrasted influences of moon phases on the reproduction and movement patterns of four amphibian species inhabiting different habitats in central Italy
Authors: Vignoli Leonardo , D’Amen Manuela , Della Rocca Francesca , Bologna Marco A. , Luiselli Luca 
Published: June 2014

Many studies have provided evidence that prey adjust their behaviour to adaptively balance the fitness effects of reproduction and predation risk. Nocturnal terrestrial animals should deal with a range of environmental conditions during the reproductive season at the breeding sites, including a variable amount of natural ambient light. High degrees of illumination are expected to minimize those behaviours that might increase the animal detection by predators. Therefore, under habitat variable brightness conditions and in different ecosystems, the above mentioned behaviours are expected to depend on the variation in predation risk. Although moon effects on amphibian biology have been recognized, the direction of this influence is rather controversial with evidences of both increased and depressed activity under full moon. We tested in four nocturnal amphibian species (Hyla intermedia, Rana dalmatina, Rana italica, Salamandrina perspicillata) the effects of different (i) light conditions and (ii) habitats (open land vs. dense forest) on the reproductive phenology. Our results showed that the effects of the lunar cycle on the study species are associated with the change in luminosity, and there is no evidence of an endogenous rhythm controlled by biological clocks. The habitat type conditioned the amphibian reproductive strategy in relation to moon phases. Open habitat breeders (e.g., ponds with no canopy cover) strongly avoided conditions with high brightness, whereas forest habitat breeders were apparently unaffected by the different moon phases. Indeed, for all the studied species no effects of the moon phase itself on the considered metrics were found. Rather, the considered amphibian species seem to be conditioned mainly by moonlight irrespective of the moon phase. The two anurans spawning in open habitat apparently adjust their oviposition timing by balancing the fitness effects of the risk to be detected by predators and the reproduction.
Whiptail lizards in South America: a new Ameivula (Squamata, Teiidae) from Planalto dos Gerais, Eastern Brazilian Cerrado
Authors: Arias Federico José , Teixeira Mauro , Recoder Renato , de Carvalho Celso Morato , Zaher Hussam , Rodrigues Miguel Trefaut 
Published: June 2014

We describe a new species of whiptail lizard genusAmeivulafrom Planalto dos Gerais, a sandstone plateau that extends along the Cerrado region in the states of Bahia, Tocantins, Piauí, and Minas Gerais, in Brazil. The new species is the third recognized species of theA. ocelliferagroup registered for the Cerrado. Quantitative analyses of morphometric characters showed that Caatinga species are distinguished from their Cerrado congeners on basis of body size and shape. A discriminant analysis upon meristic characters showed that the new species can be clearly distinguished from the other two Cerrado speciesA. mumbucaandA. jalapensis, also the morphology of the finger lamellae, and clutch size distinguish these species.
Effects of a Shallow Pycnocline and Surface Meltwater on Sea Ice–Ocean Drag and Turbulent Heat Flux
Authors: Randelhoff Achim , Sundfjord Arild , Renner Angelika H. H. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Comprehensive boundary layer measurements from a drift station on first-year ice in the late summer of 2012 in the Nansen basin, when stable stratification in the upper ocean extended all the way to the surface, are analyzed. Observed quadratic ice–ocean drag coefficients, based on measurements of wind stress, are roughly 3.6 × 10−3, consistent with neutral-stability Rossby similarity scaling. The turning angles of 32°–39° between surface velocity and stress are larger than Rossby similarity predicts and obey a different scaling. This can be explained by the shallow pycnocline forcing the Ekman transport into a thin layer and modeled roughly employing a simple first-order correction to Rossby similarity. Turbulent shear stress in the ice–ocean boundary layer is on average 3 times smaller than the estimate based on wind stress, possibly because internal wave drag was significant. This lowers vertical scalar fluxes by 38% compared to a scenario where turbulent stress accounts for the total drag. The authors measure an average upward ocean–ice heat flux of 10 W m−2, which is 50% smaller than predicted by a bulk heat flux parameterization. This reduction is attributed to additional sources of heat and freshwater that alter the ice–ocean interface salt balance. This study shows that a commonly used bulk heat flux parameterization is a special case of a simple downgradient parameterization allowing for a modified interface salt budget. For similar wind forcing, observed ice–ocean fluxes of heat and salt were 40%–100% larger when the ice-relative current approached from a nearby pressure ridge keel than otherwise.
Compliance with Recommendations for Tympanostomy Tube Follow‐up: Patient Characteristics
Authors: Kao Richard , Kirse Daniel J. , Evans Adele K. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives(1) To determine the percentage of otherwise healthy patients achieving “graduation,” or postoperative compliance achieving complete problem resolution and discharge from the otolaryngologist's care, after tympanostomy tube placement. (2) To analyze follow‐up behaviors and patient characteristics influencing the likelihood of graduation.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care hospital.Subjects and MethodsAnalysis of details of tympanostomy tube placements performed from 2004 to 2011 by 2 pediatric otolaryngologists for children aged 0 to 18 years. Exclusion criteria were clearly defined craniofacial anomalies, cleft palates, and other ongoing postoperative care. The remaining study subjects were categorized into 3 groups. Graduation (GRAD) subjects achieved discharge from care with “follow‐up pro re nata” status. LOST<2Y subjects had not attended scheduled follow‐up in <2 years. LOST≥2Y subjects had no follow‐up in ≥2 years.ResultsA total of 1454 pediatric subjects were included. GRADs constituted only 25.6% of the subject pool; 22.1% were LOST<2Y, and 52.3% were LOST≥2Y. Statistically significant factors in achieving graduation were total number of follow‐up visits, total duration of follow‐up, compliance with first postoperative visit, patient age, insurance type, and distance between home and practice.ConclusionRate of graduation, or postoperative compliance achieving complete problem resolution, of otherwise healthy tympanostomy tube patients is low despite perioperative discussions of the importance of proper follow‐up. Higher graduation rates are associated with increasing number of follow‐up visits and duration, younger patient age, private insurance, and proximity to the practice. Compliance with attending the first postoperative visit may be an early marker for increased likelihood of graduation.
NrasG12D oncoprotein inhibits apoptosis of preleukemic cells expressing Cbfβ-SMMHC via activation of MEK/ERK axis
Authors: Xue Liting , Pulikkan John A. , Valk Peter J. M. , Castilla Lucio H. 
Published: June 2014

Key Points
The oncoproteins NrasG12D and Cbfβ-SMMHC increase survival of preleukemic progenitor cells via MEK/ERK signaling and reduce Bim-EL expression. The NrasLSL-G12D; Cbfb56M mouse is a valuable genetic model for the study of inv(16) AML–targeted therapies.
Abnormally differentiated CD4+ or CD8+ T cells with phenotypic and genetic features of double negative T cells in human Fas deficiency
Authors: Rensing-Ehl Anne , Völkl Simon , Speckmann Carsten , Lorenz Myriam Ricarda , Ritter Julia , Janda Ales , Abinun Mario , Pircher Hanspeter , Bengsch Bertram , Thimme Robert , Fuchs Ilka , Ammann Sandra , Allgäuer Andrea , Kentouche Karim , Cant Andrew , Hambleton Sophie , Bettoni da Cunha Claudia , Huetker Sebastian , Kühnle Ingrid , Pekrun Arnulf , Seidel Markus G. , Hummel Michael , Mackensen Andreas , Schwarz Klaus , Ehl Stephan 
Published: June 2014

Key PointsLack of KLRG1 and T-bet expression is a unique feature of DNT and subsets of single positive T cells in ALPS patients. Genetic, phenotypic, and transcriptional evidence indicates that DNT in ALPS patients derive from both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
Single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype effects associated with somatic cell score in German Holstein cattle
Authors: Abdel-Shafy Hamdy , Bortfeldt Ralf H , Tetens Jens , Brockmann Gudrun A 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
To better understand the genetic determination of udder health, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on a population of 2354 German Holstein bulls for which daughter yield deviations (DYD) for somatic cell score (SCS) were available. For this study, we used genetic information of 44 576 informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 11 725 inferred haplotype blocks.

Results
When accounting for the sub-structure of the analyzed population, 16 SNPs and 10 haplotypes in six genomic regions were significant at the Bonferroni threshold of P ≤ 1.14 × 10-6. The size of the identified regions ranged from 0.05 to 5.62 Mb. Genomic regions on chromosomes 5, 6, 18 and 19 coincided with known QTL affecting SCS, while additional genomic regions were found on chromosomes 13 and X. Of particular interest is the region on chromosome 6 between 85 and 88 Mb, where QTL for mastitis traits and significant SNPs for SCS in different Holstein populations coincide with our results. In all identified regions, except for the region on chromosome X, significant SNPs were present in significant haplotypes. The minor alleles of identified SNPs on chromosomes 18 and 19, and the major alleles of SNPs on chromosomes 6 and X were favorable for a lower SCS. Differences in somatic cell count (SCC) between alternative SNP alleles reached 14 000 cells/mL.

Conclusions
The results support the polygenic nature of the genetic determination of SCS, confirm the importance of previously reported QTL, and provide evidence for the segregation of additional QTL for SCS in Holstein cattle. The small size of the regions identified here will facilitate the search for causal genetic variations that affect gene functions.
Induction of protective immune response against both PPRV and FMDV by a novel recombinant PPRV expressing FMDV VP1
Authors: Yin Chunsheng , Chen Weiye , Hu Qianqian , Wen Zhiyuan , Wang Xijun , Ge Jinying , Yin Qianqian , Zhi Haibing , Xia Chun , Bu Zhigao 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPeste des petits ruminants (PPR) and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) are both highly contagious diseases of small domestic and wild ruminants caused by the PPR virus (PPRV) and the FMD virus (FMDV). In this study, a recombinant PPRV expressing the FMDV VP1 gene (rPPRV/VP1) was generated and FMDV VP1 expression did not impair replication of the recombinant virus in vitro and immunogenicity in inducing neutralizing antibody against PPR in goats. Vaccination with one dose of rPPRV/VP1 induced FMDV neutralizing antibody in goats and protected them from challenge with virulent FMDV. Our results suggest that the recombinant PPRV expressing the FMDV VP1 protein is a potential dual live vectored vaccine against PPRV and FMDV.
Dynamic-locking-screw (DLS)–leads to less secondary screw perforations in proximal humerus fractures
Authors: Freude Thomas , Schroeter Steffen , Plecko Michael , Bahrs Christian , Martetschlaeger Frank , Kraus Tobias M , Stoeckle Ulrich , Doebele Stefan 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Loss of reduction and screw perforation causes high failure rates in the treatment of proximal humerus fractures. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the early postoperative complications using modern Dynamic Locking Screws (DLS 3.7) for plating of proximal humerus fractures.

Methods
Between 03/2009 and 12/2010, 64 patients with acute proximal humerus fractures were treated by angular stable plate fixation using DLSs in a limited multi-centre study. Follow-up examinations were performed three, six, twelve and twenty-four weeks postoperatively and any complications were carefully collected.

Results
56 of 64 patients were examined at the six-month follow-up. Complications were observed in 12 patients (22%). In five cases (9%), a perforation of the DLS 3.7 occurred.

Conclusions
Despite the use of modern DLS 3.7, the early complications after plating of proximal humerus fractures remain high. The potential advantage of the DLS 3.7 regarding secondary screw perforation has to be confirmed by future randomized controlled trials.
Cyclopentane-condensed Chromones from Marine-derived Fungus Penicillium oxalicum
Authors: Bao Jie , Zhang Xiao-Yong , Dong Jie-jie , Xu Xin-ya , Nong Xu-Hua , Qi Shu-Hua 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Five new cyclopentane-condensed chromones, coniochaetones G–K (1–5), along with four known compounds—penicillone C (6), penicillanone (7), conioxanthone A (8), and pinselin (9)—were isolated from the crude extract of marine-derived fungus Penicillium oxalicum. The structures of 1–5 were elucidated by NMR, MS, IR, UV, and CD spectra. Metabolites 1–5 were evaluated for cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and antifouling activities.
EDT, C80 and G Driven Auditorium Design
Authors: Echenagucia Tomás Méndez , Sassone Mario , Astolfi Arianna , Shtrepi Louena , van der Harten Arthur 
Published: June 2014

Acoustical Indexes as described in ISO3382-11, with their optimal values, are not necessarily positively correlated. Some of them are in fact negatively correlated2. This means that when designers try to shape a room in such a way as to obtain optimal EDT and C80 values for a certain position in the room, they face contrasting objectives. This problem is further complicated by the fact that rooms are designed for multiple listening positions with different distances from the sound source and from reflecting surfaces. The distribution of energy in time and space that is required to obtain optimal acoustical values for all listening positions in a room is a complex problem. Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms can deal with contrasting design objectives and aid the designer by generating or suggesting a series of solutions that are said to be non-dominated from each other. This set of solutions is called the Pareto front, and can be of valuable information for acoustic consultants and architects early in the design process. This paper presents the use of Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms (MOGAs) for the design of shoebox auditoriums using the EDT, C80 and G indexes as fitness functions to determine the room's main dimensions.