bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of mixed-sequence oligonucleotides on mesoporous silicon: chemical strategies and material stability
Authors: Terracciano Monica , Rea Ilaria , Stefano Luca De , Rendina Ivo , Oliviero Giorgia , Nici Fabrizia , D'Errico Stefano , Piccialli Gennaro , Borbone Nicola 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Rapid screening tests in medical diagnostic and environmental analysis are often based on oligonucleotide biochips. In this paper, we studied the stability of functionalized mesoporous silicon supports in the solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotides, exploiting several chemical procedures. A 19-mer mixed sequence has been successfully synthesized on aminosilane-modified porous silicon photonic structures. The process and the materials have been characterized by optical reflectivity, atomic force microscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography.
Local ecological knowledge of the artisanal fishers on Epinephelus itajara (Lichtenstein, 1822) (Teleostei: Epinephelidae) on Ilhéus coast – Bahia State, Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Harildon M , Reuss-Strenzel Gil M , Alves Johnatas A , Schiavetti Alexandre 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Background
Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) of traditional fishermen may be the only source of information regarding the conservation of the marine ecosystem and its endangered species. One of these species is Epinephelus itajara, which can exceed 2 m in length and 400 kg weight, is classified by the IUCN as a critically endangered. In Brazil, there is currently a moratorium that prohibits the capture of this specie, and in the northeastern coast, a Marine Protected Area was recently established properly justified by the existence a one spawning aggregation. The scope of the present study was the analysis the LEK of fishers with the goal of contributing to the conservation of E. Itajara.

Methods
The Knowledge of 24 “experts” was recorded through semi-structured interviews with fishermen selected based on their expertise. LEK regarding some aspects of the life history of E. itajara, such as its morphology, spatial distribution, feeding, breeding and conservation, was systematized. The interviews were conducted in synchronic and diachronic situations. The data analysis followed the model of unity of the various individual skills, while the consistency of the analysis was tested using a matrix of methods employed in comparative cognitive science. Potential reproductive aggregation sites were identified by experts through projective interviews conducted based on a cartographic database and transferred to a geographic information system (GIS).

Results
The LEK of these specialists in relation to the biological and ecological characteristics of E. itajara showed a high level of detail and a high agreement with the scientific literature. Projective interviews are presented as a promising tool allowing spatialization of the information generated through the registration of LEK. Therefore, the visualization of information from the fishermen, as well as its analysis and comparison with other databases, is simplified, thereby contributing to the decision-making process concerning the conservation of marine ecosystem in Brazil.

Conclusions
Integration of LEK with scientific knowledge is an efficient strategy for the conservation of endangered species, as it provides important additional biological information that can be used in the process of participative and sustainable management of marine resources.
Carcinoma of the larynx, metastatic to illeum, presents as ruptured appendicitis: Case report and literature review
Authors: Glicksman Jordan T , Bottoni David , Shepherd Jessica , Parry Neil , Franklin Jason H 
Published: June 2014

Objectives Metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to the intra-abdominal gastrointestinal tract is exceedingly rare. The objectives of this case report are to describe a case involving a perforated metastasis of a laryngeal SCC to the ileum and to review the literature pertaining to other similar cases. Methods A review of patient's chart and a review of the English literature involving malignant SCC of the larynx with metastasis to the small bowel. Results We describe the case of a 58-year-old man who had failed induction chemotherapy and underwent a laryngopharyngectomy with bilateral neck dissection and pectoralis major flap for a T4N2c laryngeal SCC. Subsequently, the patient was treated with postoperative radiation and cituximab. The patient went on to present with symptoms consistent with a ruptured appendix, supported by ultrasound imaging. The patient was taken to the operating room where a right hemicolectomy was performed. Pathological gross examination confirmed a 4 cm transmural perforation in the terminal ileum. Microscopy demonstrated deposits of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in the surrounding smooth muscle. Metastatic carcinoma was also found in a separate nodule from the abdominal wall. The patient had an uncomplicated post-operative period, and survived several months thereafter. Conclusions Metastasis of laryngeal SCC to the small bowel with perforation is exceedingly rare, but possible. These patients may be successfully managed with resection.
Drug-drug interactions in inpatient and outpatient settings in Iran: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Nabovati Ehsan , Vakili-Arki Hasan , Taherzadeh Zhila , Hasibian Mohammad Reza , Abu-Hanna Ameen , Eslami Saeid 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are an important type of adverse drug events. Yet overall incidence and pattern of DDIs in Iran has not been well documented and little information is available about the strategies that have been used for their prevention. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the literature on the incidence and pattern of DDIs in Iran as well as the used strategies for their prevention. PubMed, Scopus, electronic Persian databases, and Google Scholar were searched to identify published studies on DDIs in Iran. Additionally, the reference lists of all retrieved articles were reviewed to identify additional relevant articles. Eligible studies were those that analyzed original data on the incidence of DDIs in inpatient or outpatient settings in Iran. Articles about one specific DDI and drug interactions with herbs, diseases, and nutrients were excluded. The quality of included studies was assessed using quality assessment criteria. Database searches yielded 1053 potentially eligible citations. After removing duplicates, screening titles and abstracts, and reading full texts, 34 articles were found to be relevant. The quality assessment of the included studies showed a relatively poor quality. In terms of study setting, 18 and 16 studies have been conducted in inpatient and outpatient settings, respectively. All studies focused on potential DDIs while no study assessed actual DDIs. The median incidence of potential DDIs in outpatient settings was 8.5% per prescription while it was 19.2% in inpatient settings. The most indicated factor influencing DDIs incidence was patient age. The most involved drug classes in DDIs were beta blockers, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs), diuretic agents, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Thirty-one studies were observational and three were experimental in which the strategies to reduce DDIs were applied. Although almost all studies concluded that the incidence of potential DDIs in Iran in both inpatient and outpatient settings was relatively high, there is still no evidence of the incidence of actual DDIs. More extensive research is needed to identify and minimize factors associated with incidence of DDIs, and to evaluate the effects of preventive interventions especially those that utilize information technology.
Evaluation of antioxidant activities of extracts from 19 Chinese edible flowers
Authors: Zeng Youwei , Deng Maocheng , Lv Zhencheng , Peng Yonghong 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Extracts of 19 selected edible flowers were investigated for their free radical scavenging activity (FRSA), polyphenolic contents and flavonoid contents in the paper. The results showed the extracts of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., Paeonia lactiflora Pall., and Rosa rugosa Thunb. possessed obviously stronger DPPH FRSA (94.221 ± 0.102; 93.739 ± 0.424 and 94.244 ± 0.163%, respectively), superoxide FRSA (55.818 ± 1.518; 52.142 ± 1.374 and 57.321 ± 0.608%, respectively), hydroxyl FRSA (85.872 ± 0.873; 89.307 ± 0.803 and 88.560 ± 0.277%, respectively) and polyphenolic contents (96.208 ± 0.689; 87.938 ± 1.187 and 92.164 ± 0.799 mg CE/g, respectively) that were superior or comparable to black and green teas. Polyphenolic contents did correlate well with DPPH FRSA (r = 0.943, P < 0.01), superoxide FRSA (r = 0.833, P < 0.01), and hydroxyl FRSA (r = 0.500, P < 0.05). It indicated that this potent FRSA may be attributed to its phenolic compounds. These findings showed that the tested flowers could be considered as new sources of safe natural antioxidants and preservatives of food industry.
A system of nonlinear set valued variational inclusions
Authors: Tang Yong-Kun , Chang Shih-sen , Salahuddin Salahuddin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we studied the existence theorems and techniques for finding the solutions of a system of nonlinear set valued variational inclusions in Hilbert spaces. To overcome the difficulties, due to the presence of a proper convex lower semicontinuous functionϕand a mappinggwhich appeared in the considered problems, we have used the resolvent operator technique to suggest an iterative algorithm to compute approximate solutions of the system of nonlinear set valued variational inclusions. The convergence of the iterative sequences generated by algorithm is also proved.AMS Mathematics subject classification49J40; 47H06
Targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines following joint injury: acute intra-articular inhibition of interleukin-1 following knee injury prevents post-traumatic arthritis
Authors: Furman Bridgette D , Mangiapani Daniel S , Zeitler Evan , Bailey Karsyn N , Horne Phillip H , Huebner Janet L , Kraus Virginia B , Guilak Farshid , Olson Steven A 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Post-traumatic arthritis (PTA) is a progressive, degenerative response to joint injury, such as articular fracture. The pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1(IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), are acutely elevated following joint injury and remain elevated for prolonged periods post-injury. To investigate the role of local and systemic inflammation in the development of post-traumatic arthritis, we targeted both the initial acute local inflammatory response and a prolonged 4 week systemic inflammatory response by inhibiting IL-1 or TNF-α following articular fracture in the mouse knee.

Methods
Anti-cytokine agents, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) or soluble TNF receptor II (sTNFRII), were administered either locally via an acute intra-articular injection or systemically for a prolonged 4 week period following articular fracture of the knee in C57BL/6 mice. The severity of arthritis was then assessed at 8 weeks post-injury in joint tissues via histology and micro computed tomography, and systemic and local biomarkers were assessed in serum and synovial fluid.

Results
Intra-articular inhibition of IL-1 significantly reduced cartilage degeneration, synovial inflammation, and did not alter bone morphology following articular fracture. However, systemic inhibition of IL-1, and local or systemic inhibition of TNF provided no benefit or conversely led to increased arthritic changes in the joint tissues.

Conclusion
These results show that intra-articular IL-1, rather than TNF-α, plays a critical role in the acute inflammatory phase of joint injury and can be inhibited locally to reduce post-traumatic arthritis following a closed articular fracture. Targeted local inhibition of IL-1 following joint injury may represent a novel treatment option for PTA.
Impairment of cardiac metabolism and sympathetic innervation after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a nuclear medicine imaging study
Authors: Prunet Bertrand , Basely Mathieu , D’Aranda Erwan , Cambefort Pierre , Pons Frédéric , Cimarelli Sébastien , Dagain Arnaud , Desse Nicolas , Veyrieres Jean-Brice , Jego Christophe , Lacroix Guillaume , Esnault Pierre , Boret Henry , Goutorbe Philippe , Bussy Emmanuel , Habib Gilbert , Meaudre Eric 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Although aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is often complicated by myocardial injury, whether this neurogenic cardiomyopathy is associated with the modification of cardiac metabolism is unknown. This study sought to explore, by positron emission tomography/computed tomography, the presence of altered cardiac glucose metabolism after SAH.

Methods
During a 16-month period, 30 SAH acute phase patients underwent myocardial 18 F- fluorodesoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDGPET), 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 123I-meta-iodobenzylguanidine (123I-mIBG) scintigraphy, respectively, assessing glucose metabolism, cardiac perfusion, and sympathetic innervation. Patients with initial abnormalities were followed monthly for two months for 18F-FDG, and six months later for 123I-mIBG.

Results
In this SAH population, acute cardiac metabolic disturbance was observed in 83% of patients (n = 25), and sympathetic innervation disturbance affected 90% (n = 27). Myocardial perfusion was normal for all patients. The topography and extent of metabolic defects and innervation abnormalities largely overlapped. Follow-up showed rapid improvement of glucose metabolism in one or two months. Normalization of sympathetic innervation was slower; only 27% of patients (n = 8) exhibited normal 123I-mIBG scintigraphy after six months. Presence of initial altered cardiac metabolism was not associated with more unfavorable cardiac or neurological outcomes.

Conclusions
These findings support the hypothesis of neurogenic myocardial stunning after SAH. In hemodynamically stable acute phase SAH patients, cardiomyopathy is characterized by diffuse and heterogeneous 18F-FDG and 123I-mIBG uptake defect.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01218191. Registered 6 October 2010.
Conserved microRNA editing in mammalian evolution, development and disease
Authors: Warnefors Maria , Liechti Angélica , Halbert Jean , Valloton Delphine , Kaessmann Henrik 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Background
Mammalian microRNAs (miRNAs) are sometimes subject to adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing, which can lead to dramatic changes in miRNA target specificity or expression levels. However, although a few miRNAs are known to be edited at identical positions in human and mouse, the evolution of miRNA editing has not been investigated in detail. In this study, we identify conserved miRNA editing events in a range of mammalian and non-mammalian species.

Results
We demonstrate deep conservation of several site-specific miRNA editing events, including two that date back to the common ancestor of mammals and bony fishes some 450 million years ago. We also find evidence of a recent expansion of an edited miRNA family in placental mammals and show that editing of these miRNAs is associated with changes in target mRNA expression during primate development and aging. While global patterns of miRNA editing tend to be conserved across species, we observe substantial variation in editing frequencies depending on tissue, age and disease state: editing is more frequent in neural tissues compared to heart, kidney and testis; in older compared to younger individuals; and in samples from healthy tissues compared to tumors, which together suggests that miRNA editing might be associated with a reduced rate of cell proliferation.

Conclusions
Our results show that site-specific miRNA editing is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism, which increases the functional diversity of mammalian miRNA transcriptomes. Furthermore, we find that although miRNA editing is rare compared to editing of long RNAs, miRNAs are greatly overrepresented among conserved editing targets.
Measurements of bone tunnel size in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: 2D versus 3D computed tomography model
Authors: Crespo Bernardo , Aga Cathrine , Wilson Katharine J , Pomeroy Shannon M , LaPrade Robert F , Engebretsen Lars , Wijdicks Coen A 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Background
Revision anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction requires a precise evaluation of previous tunnel locations and diameters. Enlargement of the tunnels, despite not usually affecting primary reconstruction outcomes, plays an important role in revision ACL management. Three dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) models are reported to be the most accurate method for identifying the tunnel position and possible conflicts with a revision tunnel placement. However, the ability of 3D CT to measure the tunnel size is still not proven. The goal of this study was to evaluate the ability of measuring the size of the bone tunnels in ACL reconstructed knees with 3D CT compared to the traditional two dimensional (2D) CT method.

Methods
Twenty-four patients had CT scans performed immediately following ACL reconstruction surgery. Their femoral tunnels size were measured by a standard 2D CT measurement and then compared with three novel 3D CT measuring methods: the best transverse section method, the best fit cylinder method and the wall thickness method. The drill size used during surgery was used as a control measure for the tunnel width. Intra-class correlation coefficients were obtained.

Results
The intra-class correlation coefficient and respective 95% confidence interval range (ICC [95%CI]) for the three methods compared with the drill sizes were 0.899 [0.811-0.947] for the best transverse section method, 0.745 [0.553-0.862] for the best fit cylinder method, −0.004 [−0.081 to −0.12] for the wall thickness method and 0.922 [0.713-0.97] for the 2D CT method. The mean differences compared to the drill size were 0.02 mm for the best fit transverse section method, 0.01 mm for the best fit cylinder diameter method, 3.34 mm for the wall thickness method and 0.29 mm for the 2D CT method. The intra-rater agreement (ICC [95%CI]) was excellent for the best transverse section method 0.999 [0.998-0.999] and the 2D CT method 0.969 [0.941-0.984].

Conclusions
The 3D best transverse section method presented a high correlation to the drill sizes and high intra-rater agreement, and was the best method for ACL tunnel evaluation in a 3D CT based model.
Photodimerization of 4-Aryl-1,4-dihydropyridines in 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate
Authors: He Jing-Yu , Jia Hui-Zhen , Yao Qing-Guo , Liu Si-Jie , Yue Hong-Kun , Liu Wei-Yan , Wang Xiao-Hong , Tian Jing-Chao 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
A simple, efficient, and convenient method for the photodimerization of 4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridine in room-temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF4]) has been developed. By this way, head-to-tail syn-dimers and 3,9-diazatetraasteranes were obtained in good to excellent yields. In addition, [Bmim][BF4] can be reused at least 5 times as the medium without obvious decrease in reaction time and yield.
1D Self-assembly of Terthiophene (3T)–Naphthalenediimide (NDI) Dyad
Authors: Kim Se Hye , Parquette Jon R 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
This work describes a strategy to create terthiophene (3T)–naphthalenediimide (NDI) nanostructures via the β-sheet self-assembly of a functionalized dipeptide. The dipeptide assembles into 1D nanofibers in organic solvents and forms a self-supporting organogel at low concentrations in CH2Cl2. The nanostructures engage in extensive intermolecular π–π stacking interactions.
Final-year nursing undergraduates’ understandings of palliative care: a qualitative study in Wales, UK
Authors: Watts Tessa 
Published: June 2014

Background: With worldwide population ageing and the increasing prevalence of chronic conditions, government policies promoting palliative care, and evidence of disparate or even blurred conceptions of palliative care, it is important for educators and practitioners who support undergraduate nurses to establish how these students conceptualise palliative care. Today's students are tomorrow's nurses, and their understanding will shape the ways in which palliative care is integrated into their professional practice. Aim: The aim of this work was to explore nursing undergraduates’ understandings of palliative care. Methods: As part of a larger qualitative study of palliative care for people with advanced dementia, 11 final-year adult-field nursing undergraduates’ understandings of palliative care were explored through in-depth individual interviews. The data was subject to thematic content analysis. Findings: The analysis revealed that the participants were cognisant of the broad scope of palliative care. Moreover, they valued and appreciated compassionate comfort care and emotional support. However, their understanding was rather superficial and focused on the imminently dying phase. Conclusion: The findings are positive as they indicate that the participants appreciated and valued compassionate person- and family-centred care. However, they also illuminate where undergraduate nurse education could be further enhanced.
The nurses' role in managing gut stasis in rabbits
Authors: Johansen Kamilla 
Published: June 2014

Gut stasis is a gastrointestinal disease in rabbits and is identified by a low appetite and lack of faecal production. It is a very common disease in the rabbit that requires intense and specialised nursing care. Hospitalising the gut stasis patient creates a challenge with reagrds to how to limit the many stress factors in hospital that could aggravate the condition. Kennel enrichment is therefore important to try to meet the rabbit environmental and behavioural needs. If the rabbit is less stressed in practice an accurate pain assessment could also be easier to perform. Treatment of gut stasis has traditionally been force feeding, analgesics and pro-kinetic agents, but new protocols including appetite stimulants, blood glucose measuring, nasogastric feeding and abdominal massage have been introduced into practice. Having a nursing team that has knowledge about rabbits and critical care needs will greatly improve patient care and case success.
Clinical drug-drug interactions: focus on venlafaxine
Authors: Magalhães Paulo , Alves Gilberto , LLerena Adrián , Falcão Amílcar 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Venlafaxine (VEN) is an antidepressant agent widely used nowadays as an alternative to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), particularly for the treatment of SSRI-resistant depression. As the co-administration of antidepressant drugs with other medications is very common in clinical practice, the potential risk for pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic drug interactions that may be clinically meaningful increases. Bearing in mind that VEN has exhibited large variability in antidepressant response, besides the individual genetic background, several other factors may contribute to those variable clinical outcomes, such as the occurrence of significant drug-drug interactions. Indeed, the presence of drug interactions is possibly one of the major reasons for interindividual variability, and their anticipation should be considered in conjugation with other specific patients’ characteristics to optimize the antidepressant therapy. Hence, a comprehensive overview of the pharmacokinetic- and pharmacodynamic-based drug interactions involving VEN is herein provided, particularly addressing their clinical relevance.