bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A clinical trial to compare the quality of life of HIV+ patients who start monotherapy with LPV/r versus continuing triple therapy with a boosted PI
Authors: Pasquau J , Hidalgo C , Vergara A , Montes M , Vergas J , Sanjoaquín I , Hernández‐Quero J , Aguirrebengoa K , Orihuela F , Rodríguez‐Baño J , Imaz A , García‐Vallecillos C 
Published: November 2012

Purpose of the studyEfficacy, toxicity and complexity of antiretroviral (ARV) regimens may impact the quality of life (QoL). Since over the past years the simplification approach of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) as monotherapy (MT) has been shown to be non‐inferior to triple therapy (TT) in virological and immunological efficacy, the objective of this study was to compare several health‐ and treatment‐related outcomes between both ARV strategies with LPV/r.MethodsA phase IV national, multicenter, controlled, randomized (2:1), open label, parallel‐group clinical trial to compare the QoL in patients on ARV TT containing any boosted protease inhibitor (PI), undetectable viral load (VL< 50 cop/mL) in the past 6 months and a CD4 nadir > 100 cells/µL, versus those who were simplified to LPV/r MT, for 24 weeks. QoL and health outcomes were evaluated by the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS‐HIV) and the five‐dimensional EuroQol questionnaire (EQ‐5D). Treatment satisfaction was assessed by the Spanish Questionnaire of Satisfaction with ARV Treatment (CESTA). Treatment adherence was assessed by the Spanish Multifactorial Adherence questionnaire (GEEMA) and a visual analog scale (VAS). Tolerability, safety and virological and immunological efficacy at week 24 were also analyzed.Summary of results225 patients from 29 sites were enrolled (MT: 146, 64.5%; TT: 79, 35.1%). Mean age (years) was 44.5 in MT and 45.2 in TT (p=0.745); mean duration (years) from HIV infection was 13.4 in MT and 12.8 in TT (p=0.587) and 71% were male in both arms. 87.6% of patients completed correctly the study (MT: 88.4%; TT: 86.1%; p=0.674). Health and treatment outcomes evaluated at final study visit are shown in figure 1 1. At study end, 84.1% in MT and 89.6% in TT had undetectable VL (p=0.313) and mean CD4 count were 742.8 cells/µL in MT and 646.5 cells/µL in TT (p=0.060). There were no significant differences in the percentage of patients with virological failure at week 24 as VL >50 cop/mL (MT: 8.2%; TT: 3.9%; p=0.271) and as VL >200 cop/mL (MT: 3.4%; TT: 0%; p=0.167).‘Quality of life’ impact: monotherapy vs triple therapy.imageConclusionsThe MT simplification strategy with LPV/r maintains comparable virological and immunological efficacy, as well as the tolerability profile, than the TT. The saving resulting from NRTIs withdrawal from the ARV regimen and the good results on QoL and patients treatment satisfaction make MT strategy with LPV/r be taken into account in clinical practice.
STRike ‐ characteristics of HIV‐1‐infected patients treated with a single‐tablet regimen in daily clinical practice
Authors: Esser S , Heiken H , Gallo L , Schellberg S , Schlag M , Moll A , Pauli R , Stoehr A , Degen O , Jaeger H , Stephan C , Fätkenheuer G 
Published: November 2012

The life‐long antiretroviral treatment of HIV‐1 infection requires effective and well tolerated medications complemented by high rates of adherence in order to achieve viral suppression, immunologic reconstitution and to prevent the development of resistance. Single‐tablet regimens (STRs), combining a full antiretroviral regimen in one tablet taken once daily, have been designed to achieve high adherence and better long‐term outcomes. “STRike” is the first cohort study, describing the use of various STRs in routine clinical practice in Germany. In this observational cohort study 800 participants will be included in 4 treatment arms, treated with the STRs of TDF/FTC/EFV (a retrospective and prospective arm), TDF/FTC/RPV or TDF/FTC/COBI/EVG after regulatory approval. Patients are followed for at least two years, and reasons for choice of medications and treatment satisfaction will be collected, in addition to safety, demographic, effectiveness data. To date 344 patients on TDF/FTC/EFV and 123 patients on TDF/FTC/RPV are being followed. In general, the spectrum of patients in the study reflects the German HIV‐1 infected population with regards to gender (88%/89% male), age (median 40/38 years of age) and mode of infection (71%/63% MSM). However, patients starting TDF/FTC/RPV are less progressed in their disease according to their CDC stage compared with patients on TDF/FTC/EFV (74.5% stage “A” vs. 53.2%). Patients starting TDF/FTC/RPV show less comorbidities (54% vs. 82%) with a spectrum different from patients on TDF/FTC/EFV. Pre‐existing neuropsychiatric comorbidities are relatively more common (10% more) among patients starting TDF/FTC/RPV than TDF/FTC/EFV. The decision to use an STR is mostly driven by patient preference to start with a more convenient ART regimen (56%) or to simplify their current ART regimen (75%). STRs aim to make treatment of HIV more convenient, more efficacious and more durable and by that allowing for earlier initiation of treatment. Different STRs may meet the requirements of distinct patient populations. TDF/FTC/RPV in this early review of our data, is utilized by younger patients with fewer overall comorbidities, but is selected more frequently for patients with pre‐existing neuropsychiatric comorbidities presumably to avoid the known neuropsychiatric complications of TDF/FTC/EFV. TDF/FTC/RPV appears to fit into the concept of early HIV treatment initiation as recommended by national and international guidelines.image
Switching to an etravirine regimen in virologically suppressed patients with previous virological failures and presence of resistance mutations
Authors: Blanco J , Casado J , González‐Cordón A , Martinez E , del Palacio M , Domingo P , Mallolas J , Mateo M , Pérez Elías M , Pérez I , Gutiérrez M , Gatell J 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundSimplification of antiretroviral therapy (ART) may be an option for virologically suppressed patients for a variety of reasons. Etravirine (ETV) 400 mg qd has a good safety profile and retains activity against viruses resistant to nevirapine or efavirenz. Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of ETV plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) as a simplification strategy in treatment‐experienced virologically suppressed individuals with prior episodes of virological failure (VF) and presence of genotypic resistance mutations (GRM).MethodsEligible subjects were followed for ≥6 mo. Primary endpoint was proportion of patients remaining virologically suppressed using an ITT analysis. Genotypic sensitivity score (GSS) to new regimen was calculated according to Stanford resistance database.ResultsFourteen (10%) of 145 subjects switching to ETV+2NRTIs while virologically suppressed had a documented prior VF and presence of GRM and were included in the analysis. Median (range) number of previous episodes of VF to ART, NRTI‐containing regimen, to a NNRTI‐containing regimen and to a PI‐containing regimen were 4 (1–6), 2 (1–5), 1 (0–2) and 1 (0–2) respectively. Median duration of virological suppression before switching therapy was 22.5 months (1‐65). All patients switched from an effective PI‐containing regimen (8 LPV/r, 5 ATV/r and 1 DRV/r) to a qd regimen with ETV 400 mg plus Truvada® (n=12) or Kivexa® (2). 11/14 patients (79%) remained virologically suppressed at ≥6 mo. All of them had a GSS >1.5 to the new regimen and none had resistance to etravirine. Conversely 3/14 (21%) developed a VF at 1, 3 and 6 months respectively. All these 3 patients had a GSS ≤1.5 to the new regimen and 2 of them intermediate resistance to ETV (Y181C). No side effects were reported.ConclusionsOur results suggest that ETV plus 2NRTI could be a good strategy for simplification in virologically suppressed patients despite previous episodes of VF if the GSS to the new regimen is ≥1.5 and ETV remains active.
Switching to unboosted atazanavir combined with tenofovir and emtricitabine is effective as maintenance therapy
Authors: Maeland A , Skeie L 
Published: November 2012

Purpose of the studyDue to a pharmacokinetic interaction leading to reduced serum levels of atazanavir (ATV) when combined with tenofovir (TDF), it is recommended to add ritonavir (r) as a booster for atazanavir when combined with TDF. However, ATV is also licensed for use as an unboosted drug. In our clinic many patients switched to unboosted ATV after viral suppression was achieved, mostly for simplification. We report on the efficacy of unboosted ATV with TDF and emtricitabine (FTC) in our clinic cohort.MethodsFile review of all patients with no history of virological failure commencing unboosted ATV (400 mg)+TDF+FTC with a HIV‐1‐RNA of <400 copies/ml. Virological failure was defined as two consecutive HIV‐1‐RNA measurements >400 copies/ml.Summary of results178 patients (pts) were observed for 1‐81 months (mean 21.9, median 18.5) totalling 325 patient‐years. Mean age was 44 years, mean weight 76 kg, mean CD4 516 cells/mm3. Duration of preceding viral suppression was 0‐177 (mean 32.4, median 20) months. Most common preceding regimen was ATV/r+TDF+FTC (89 pts). Most common reasons given for switching to ATV+TDF+FTC were simplification (83 pts), dyslipidemia (17), gastrointestinal toxicity (10), coronary risk (10), CNS toxicity (10), hyperbilirubinemia (6). No virological failure was observed. 113, 86 and 62 pts were observed for at least 12, 18 and 24 months; with 95% CI for virological failure 0‐2.6%, 0‐3.4% and 0‐4.7% respectively. 118 pts are still on the regimen. Most frequent reasons for discontinuing were: elevated creatinine (11 pts) viral load blips <200 copies/ml (7), death (5), pregnancy (4), pts’ own decision (4), gastrointestinal intolerance (3).ConclusionsSwitching to unboosted ATV combined with TDF and FTC is effective as maintenance therapy in patients with viral suppression and no prior treatment failure.
Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy Use in Pregnancy
Authors: Robijn Annelies L. , Tran Duong T. , Cohen Jacqueline M. , Donald Sarah , Cesta Carolyn E. , Furu Kari , Parkin Lianne , Pearson Sallie-Anne , Reutfors Johan , Zoega Helga , Zwar Nicholas , Havard Alys 
Published: June 2024

ImportanceSignificant evidence gaps exist regarding the safety of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies during pregnancy, especially for the risk of congenital malformations. Consequently, professional bodies advise against the use of varenicline and bupropion and recommend caution with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Contemporary estimates of the use of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies during pregnancy are lacking.ObjectiveTo quantify the proportion of individuals using prescribed smoking cessation pharmacotherapies during pregnancy and during the first trimester specifically, in 4 countries.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective, population-based cohort study used linked birth records, hospital admission records, and dispensing records of prescribed medications from all pregnancies resulting in birth between 2015 and 2020 in New South Wales, Australia; New Zealand; Norway; and Sweden. Data analyses were conducted in October and November 2023.ExposurePrescribed smoking cessation pharmacotherapy use (varenicline, NRT, and bupropion) during pregnancy was defined as days’ supply overlapping the period from date of conception to childbirth.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrevalence of use among all pregnancies and pregnancies with maternal smoking were calculated. Among women who used a pharmacotherapy, the proportion of women with use during the first trimester of pregnancy was also calculated.ResultsAmong 1 700 638 pregnancies in 4 countries, 138 033 (8.1%) had maternal smoking and 729 498 (42.9%) were younger than 30 years. The prevalences ranged from 0.02% to 0.14% for varenicline, less than 0.01% to 1.86% for prescribed NRT, and less than 0.01% to 0.07% for bupropion. Among pregnant individuals who smoked, use of pharmacotherapies was up to 10 times higher, with maximum prevalences of 1.25% for varenicline in New South Wales, 11.39% for NRT in New Zealand, and 0.39% for bupropion in New Zealand. Use in the first trimester occurred among more than 90% of individuals using varenicline, approximately 60% among those using NRT, and 80% to 90% among those using bupropion.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study of pregnant individuals in 4 high-income countries, the low prevalence of varenicline and bupropion use during pregnancy and higher prevalence of NRT use aligned with current clinical guidelines. As most use occurred in the first trimester, there is a need for evidence on the risk of congenital malformations for these medications.
Amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities (ARIA): diagnosis, management, and care in the setting of amyloid‐modifying therapy
Authors: Vukmir Rade B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAmyloid‐related imaging abnormalities, were originally described by dementia care experts. The wider use of aducanumab and now lecanemab warrant broader understanding by the health care provider continuum. The optimal care approach for patients with Alzheimer's dementia, treated with amyloid‐targeted therapy, includes proper clinical diagnosis, complication surveillance, specific imaging protocols, expert specialty consultation, integrated treatment strategies, and proper facility system planning. Improved awareness and understanding of amyloid‐modifying therapy, both benefits and potential complications, among the health care provider continuum is paramount to the success of complex care programs. Specifically, recognition of treatment high risk, high benefit groups, and the interface of concurrent antiplatelet and anticoagulation. This integrated acute, specialty, and primary care approach should improve patient care quality and outcome.
Reversible Solar Heating and Radiative Cooling Devices via Mechanically Guided Assembly of 3D Macro/Microstructures
Authors: Lee Su Eon , Seo Junyong , Kim Simon , Park Jun Hyun , Jin Ho Jun , Ko Janghun , Kim Jang Hwan , Kang Heemin , Kim Jin‐Tae , Lee Heon , Lee Bong Jae , Kim Bong Hoon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSolar heating and radiative cooling are promising solutions for decreasing global energy consumption because these strategies use the Sun (≈5800 K) as a heating source and outer space (≈3 K) as a cooling source. Although high‐performance thermal management can be achieved using these eco‐friendly methods, they are limited by daily temperature fluctuations and seasonal changes because of single‐mode actuation. Herein, reversible solar heating and radiative cooling devices formed via the mechanically guided assembly of 3D architectures are demonstrated. The fabricated devices exhibit the following properties: i) The devices reversibly change between solar heating and radiative cooling under uniaxial strain, called dual‐mode actuation. ii) The 3D platforms in the devices can use rigid/soft materials for functional layers owing to the optimized designs. iii) The devices can be used for dual‐mode thermal management on a macro/microscale. The devices use black paint‐coated polyimide (PI) films as solar absorbers with multilayered films comprising thin layers of polydimethylsiloxane/silver/PI, achieving heating and cooling temperatures of 59.5 and −11.9 °C, respectively. Moreover, mode changes according to the angle of the 3D structures are demonstrated and the heating/cooling performance with skin, glass, steel, aluminum, copper, and PI substrates is investigated.
Polymeric Fibers with High Strength and High Toughness at Extreme Temperatures
Authors: Cheng Chuyun , Liao Xiaojian , Silva Juliana Martins de Souza e , Conceição Andre L. C. , Carlos Dias , Agarwal Seema , Hou Haoqing , Greiner Andreas , Feng Wei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDeveloping strong and simultaneously tough polymeric materials with excellent thermal stability and mechanical performance even under extreme temperatures is truly a challenge. In a disruptive progress, continuous polymeric yarns are developed with a combination of high tensile strength of (1145 ± 44) MPa and ultrahigh toughness of (350 ± 24) J g−1 and high thermomechanical properties from −196 to 200 °C. The comprehensive thermomechanical performance of this yarn surpasses that of previously developed polymeric materials and dragline spider silks. The results demonstrate that the molecular structure of polyimide (PI) with the incorporation of flexible‐rigid macromolecular, hierarchically spiral‐oriented fibers, and high glass transition temperature (248 °C) are keys for the yarn's notable comprehensive performance in thermomechanical properties. The materials are ideal for technical components exposed to high thermomechanical loadings, such as those encountered in spacecraft or automotive engineering for safety‐critical applications.
Regioselective and Diastereoselective Decarboxylative Allylic (Amino)Ketalization of Dihydropyranone Derivatives
Authors: Lu Yingxi , Duan Xuelun , Song Wangze , Jiang Wenfeng 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIt remains a challenge to achieve regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in the synthesis of dihydropyranone derivatives. Herein, an Ir/Pd‐catalyzed decarboxylative allylic (amino)ketalization was disclosed to prepare dihydropyranone derivatives in regio‐ and diastereoselectivities under mild conditions, resulting in O‐ and N‐allylative products. It provided a strategy for the post‐modifications of dihydropyranone derivatives.
Insight Understanding the Replacement Effect of Enzymatic‐Hydrolysis Residue Instead of Phenol for Preparing Phenol‐Formaldehyde Adhesive
Authors: Peng Zhenwen , Cárdenas‐Oscanoa Aldo Joao , Dong Youming , He Juan , Huang Caoxing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn order to valorize the enzymatic hydrolysis residues (EHR) from the bioethanol industry, this work studies the effects on the structure, properties as well as shear resistance of EHR‐based phenol formaldehyde (EPF) adhesives prepared from EHR instead of commercial phenol. 2D heteronuclear signal quantum coherence NMR (2D HSQC NMR) and 31P NMR analysis reveal that lignin in EHR (EHL) possesses a high amount of G and H units which contain 1.9 mmol g−1 active sites (reaction site with formaldehyde). Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) characterization shows that the instead proportions of EHR with 5–30% in EPF adhesives do not show great influence on the chemical structure type and main functional groups of the prepared adhesives. The shear strength measurement results show that the strength of the 10%‐EPF adhesive is significantly improved by 29% compared to phenol‐formaldehyde (PF) adhesive, which is due to EHL in adhesives enhanced the cross‐linking of polymer chains. This work emphasizes the potential benefits of using industrial EHR to develop cost‐effective phenol formaldehyde adhesive preparation schemes, therefore giving an additional value to waste from biorefineries.
Breed‐Driven Microbiome Heterogeneity Regulates Intestinal Stem Cell Proliferation via Lactobacillus‐Lactate‐GPR81 Signaling
Authors: Wu Haiqin , Mu Chunlong , Li Xuan , Fan Wenlu , Shen Le , Zhu Weiyun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGenetically lean and obese individuals have distinct intestinal microbiota and function. However, the underlying mechanisms of the microbiome heterogeneity and its regulation on epithelial function such as intestinal stem cell (ISC) fate remain unclear. Employing pigs of genetically distinct breeds (obese Meishan and lean Yorkshire), this study reveals transcriptome‐wide variations in microbial ecology of the jejunum, characterized by enrichment of active Lactobacillus species, notably the predominant Lactobacillus amylovorus (L. amylovorus), and lactate metabolism network in obese breeds. The L. amylovorus‐dominant heterogeneity is paralleled with epithelial functionality difference as reflected by highly expressed GPR81, more proliferative ISCs and activated Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Experiments using in‐house developed porcine jejunal organoids prove that live L. amylovorus and its metabolite lactate promote intestinal organoid growth. Mechanistically, L. amylovorus and lactate activate Wnt/β‐catenin signaling in a GPR81‐dependent manner to promote ISC‐mediated epithelial proliferation. However, heat‐killed L. amylovorus fail to cause these changes. These findings uncover a previously underrepresented role of L. amylovorus in regulating jejunal stem cells via Lactobacillus‐lactate‐GPR81 axis, a key mechanism bridging breed‐driven intestinal microbiome heterogeneity with ISC fate. Thus, results from this study provide new insights into the role of gut microbiome and stem cell interactions in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
Fluorinated Organic Cations Derived Chiral 2D Perovskite Enabling Enhanced Spin‐Dependent Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Son Jaehyun , Jang Gyumin , Ma Sunihl , Lee Hyungsoo , Lee Chan Uk , Yang Seongyeon , Lee Junwoo , Moon Subin , Jeong Wooyong , Park Jeong Hyun , Jung Chan‐Woo , Kim Ji‐Hee , Park Ji‐Sang , Moon Jooho 
Published: June 2024

AbstractChirality‐induced spin selectivity observed in chiral 2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite holds promise to achieve spin‐dependent electrochemistry. However, conventional chiral 2D perovskites suffer from low conductivity and hygroscopicity, limiting electrochemical performance and operational stability. Here, a cutting‐edge material design is introduced to develop a stable and efficient chiral perovskite‐based spin polarizer by employing fluorinated chiral cation. The fluorination approach effectively promotes the charge carrier transport along the out‐of‐plane direction by mitigating the dielectric confinement effect within the multi‐quantum well‐structured 2D perovskite. Integrating the fluorinated cation incorporated spin polarizer with BiVO4 photoanode considerably boosts the photocurrent density while reducing overpotential through a spin‐dependent oxygen evolution reaction. Furthermore, the hydrophobic nature of fluorine in spin polarizer endows operational stability to the photoanode, extending the durability by 280% as compared to the device with non‐fluorinated spin polarizer.
Electrochemical Compatibility of Microzonal Carbon in Ion Uptake and Molecular Insights into Interphase Evolution for Next‐Generation Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Sarkar Montajar , Hossain Rumana , Peng Jian , Sharma Neeraj , Sahajwalla Veena 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCarbon anode‐based Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) have been widely used ranging from portable electronics to electric vehicles (EVs). Here a novel carbon material called microzonal carbon is introduced, synthesized from waste hard rubber (WHR), as an anode material for next‐generation LIBs. This material consists of a hybrid carbon structure embedded with short range ordered carbon zones, including expanded graphene sheets and nanopores. Two types of microzonal carbons (M‐5H and M‐10H) are tested in LIBs to unveil their electrochemical performance. The anode fabricated with M‐10H provides a high initial coulombic efficiency (60%), reversible capacity (377 mA h g−1 at 0.13 C), rate capability (275 mA h g−1 at 2.6 C) and cyclic stability (capacity retention of 99% at 0.13 C after 100 cycles). The electrochemical properties of microzonal carbon can be attributed to its unique hybrid carbon structure, facilitating fast ion diffusion, high electronic conductivity, and the ability to form stable interphase. Therefore, this work presents new insights into the electrochemical behavior of microzonal carbon as an anode material in next‐generation LIBs.