bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality from treatable illnesses in marginally housed adults: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Jones Andrea A , Vila-Rodriguez Fidel , Leonova Olga , Langheimer Verena , Lang Donna J , Barr Alasdair M , Procyshyn Ric M , Smith Geoffrey N , Schultz Krista , Buchanan Tari , Krausz Michael , Montaner Julio S , MacEwan G William , Rauscher Alexander , Panenka William J , Thornton Allen E , Honer William G 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesSocially disadvantaged people experience greater risk for illnesses that may contribute to premature death. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of treatable illnesses on mortality among adults living in precarious housing.DesignA prospective cohort based in a community sample.SettingA socially disadvantaged neighbourhood in Vancouver, Canada.ParticipantsAdults (N=371) living in single room occupancy hotels or recruited from the Downtown Community Court and followed for median 3.8 years.Main outcome measuresParticipants were assessed for physical and mental illnesses for which treatment is currently available. We compared cohort mortality rates with 2009 Canadian rates. Left-truncated Cox proportional hazards modelling with age as the time scale was used to assess risk factors for earlier mortality.ResultsDuring 1269 person-years of observation, 31/371 (8%) of participants died. Compared with age-matched and sex-matched Canadians, the standardised mortality ratio was 8.29 (95% CI 5.83 to 11.79). Compared with those that had cleared the virus, active hepatitis C infection was a significant predictor for hepatic fibrosis adjusting for alcohol dependence and age (OR=2.96, CI 1.37 to 7.08). Among participants <55 years of age, psychosis (HR=8.12, CI 1.55 to 42.47) and hepatic fibrosis (HR=13.01, CI 3.56 to 47.57) were associated with earlier mortality. Treatment rates for these illnesses were low (psychosis: 32%, hepatitis C virus: 0%) compared with other common disorders (HIV: 57%, opioid dependence: 61%) in this population.ConclusionsHepatic fibrosis and psychosis are associated with increased mortality in people living in marginal conditions. Timely diagnosis and intervention could reduce the high mortality in marginalised inner city populations.
Comparative evaluation of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry and conventional phenotypic-based methods for identification of clinically important yeasts in a UK-based medical microbiology laboratory
Authors: Fatania Nita , Fraser Mark , Savage Mike , Hart Jason , Abdolrasouli Alireza 
Published: August 2015

AimsPerformance of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was compared in a side-by side-analysis with conventional phenotypic methods currently in use in our laboratory for identification of yeasts in a routine diagnostic setting.MethodsA diverse collection of 200 clinically important yeasts (19 species, five genera) were identified by both methods using standard protocols. Discordant or unreliable identifications were resolved by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene.ResultsMALDI-TOF and conventional methods were in agreement for 182 isolates (91%) with correct identification to species level. Eighteen discordant results (9%) were due to rarely encountered species, hence the difficulty in their identification using traditional phenotypic methods.ConclusionsMALDI-TOF MS enabled rapid, reliable and accurate identification of clinically important yeasts in a routine diagnostic microbiology laboratory. Isolates with rare, unusual or low probability identifications should be confirmed using robust molecular methods.
Characteristics of azathioprine use and cessation in a longitudinal lupus cohort
Authors: Croyle Lucy , Hoi Alberta , Morand Eric F 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveGuidelines for azathioprine (AZA) use in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), including indications for initiation and cessation, are lacking. Clinical decision-making could be improved if reasons for cessation of AZA treatment were standardised.MethodsWe determined the characteristics of AZA use in a cohort of patients with SLE and evaluated reasons for AZA cessation. Patients with SLE in a single centre had longitudinal recording of disease activity (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI)-2k), laboratory investigations and treatment from 2007 to 2012.ResultsOf 183 patients studied, 67 used AZA on at least one occasion. There was no significant difference between AZA users and non-users in age or American College of Rheumatology criteria. Compared with those not treated with AZA, patients treated with AZA had higher disease activity (time-adjusted mean SLEDAI 5.2±0.3 vs 3.8±0.3, p=0.0028) and damage (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC)-SDI 1.6±0.3 vs 1.2±0.1, p=0.0445), and were more likely to have a positive dsDNA (p=0.0130) and receive glucocorticoids (p<0.0001). AZA therapy was ceased in 30/67 (45%) patients. The predominant reasons for cessation were treatment de-escalation 14 (47%), treatment failure 12 (40%) and toxicity 3 (10%). AZA was switched to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in 9/12 (75%) of treatment failures, and this choice was strongly associated with active lupus nephritis.ConclusionsAZA toxicity was uncommon, and many patients ceased therapy in the context of treatment de-escalation. However, the frequent development of active lupus nephritis requiring MMF suggests the need to distinguish refractoriness, under-treatment and non-adherence to AZA in patients with SLE. These findings suggest that future studies of AZA metabolite measurement could prove valuable in the management of SLE.
Patients’ perceptions of physical activity before and after joint replacement: a systematic review with meta-ethnographic analysis
Authors: Smith Toby O , Latham Sarah , Maskrey Vivienne , Blyth Annie 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
It has been perceived that people following total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) have the capability, with reduced pain, to increase their levels of physical activity.

Objectives
To determine the attitudes and perceptions of people awaiting or having undergone THA or TKA to physical activity post-arthroplasty and to identify potential facilitators or barriers to engage in active living and physical activity pursuits.

Methods
Systematic review of published and unpublished databases was undertaken from their inception to November 2014. Studies exploring the attitudes and perceptions of people awaiting or having undergone THA or TKA to physical activity post-arthroplasty were included. Data were analysed through a meta-ethnography approach.

Results
From 528 citations, 13 papers were eligible, sampling 282 people post-THA or TKA. The literature was judged moderate to high quality. Following THA and TKA, people either wished to return to their pre-pathology level of physical activity or simply be able to engage in less physically demanding activities that are meaningful to them and their lifestyles. Barriers to engaging in higher levels of physical activity were largely related to limited information, which culminated in fear surrounding ‘doing the right thing’ both for individual's recovery and the longevity of the joint replacement.

Conclusions
While many people post-THA or TKA wish to return to pre-pathological physical activity status, there is limited interest in actually undertaking greater levels of physical activity post-arthroplasty either for pleasure or health gains. Improvement in education and awareness of this may be key drivers to improve habitualisation of physical activity post-arthroplasty.

Trial registration number
CRD42014014995.
Integration of palaeomagnetic data, basement-cover relationships and theoretical calculations to characterize the obliquity of the Altomira–Loranca structures (central Spain)
Authors: Valcárcel M. , Soto R. , Beamud E. , Oliva-Urcia B. , Muñoz J. A. , Biete C. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The main objective of this work is to characterize the structures belonging to the Altomira Range and Loranca Basin (SW Iberian Chain, Central Spain) in terms of understanding their present-day orientation, highly oblique with respect to the NW–SE orientation of adjacent structures of the Iberian Chain. The Altomira and Loranca fold and thrust belts present a slightly curved geometry with a general north–south orientation at their central sector, and structures oriented NNE–SSW and north–south to NNW–SSE at their northern and southern sectors, respectively. Palaeomagnetic data from Middle Eocene–Lower Miocene rocks (including clays, fine sandstones and limestones) reveal the absence of vertical-axis rotations in the central sector of the studied area, where structures are oriented north–south, and up to 17° of clockwise and 21° of anticlockwise vertical-axis rotations in the northern and southern sectors, respectively. These data are supported by calculations of the theoretical vertical-axis rotations from shortening estimates and basement-cover structural relationships. This approach highlights the importance of integrating different datasets to characterize the obliquity of fold and thrust belts.

Supplementary material:

Complete information about the paleomagnetic sites and directions is available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18841
A Hybrid I/O Virtualization Framework for RDMA-capable Network Interfaces
Authors: Pfefferle Jonas , Stuedi Patrick , Trivedi Animesh , Metzler Bernard , Koltsidas Ionnis , Gross Thomas R. 
Published: August 2015

DMA-capable interconnects, providing ultra-low latency and high bandwidth, are increasingly being used in the context of distributed storage and data processing systems. However, the deployment of such systems in virtualized data centers is currently inhibited by the lack of a flexible and high-performance virtualization solution for RDMA network interfaces.
In this work, we present a hybrid virtualization architecture which builds upon the concept of separation of paths for control and data operations available in RDMA. With hybrid virtualization, RDMA control operations are virtualized using hypervisor involvement, while data operations are set up to bypass the hypervisor completely. We describe HyV (Hybrid Virtualization), a virtualization framework for RDMA devices implementing such a hybrid architecture. In the paper, we provide a detailed evaluation of HyV for different RDMA technologies and operations. We further demonstrate the advantages of HyV in the context of a real distributed system by running RAMCloud on a set of HyV-enabled virtual machines deployed across a 6-node RDMA cluster. All of the performance results we obtained illustrate that hybrid virtualization enables bare-metal RDMA performance inside virtual machines while retaining the flexibility typically associated with paravirtualization.
The Estrogen Receptor Cofactor SPEN Functions as a Tumor Suppressor and Candidate Biomarker of Drug Responsiveness in Hormone-Dependent Breast Cancers
Authors: Légaré Stéphanie , Cavallone Luca , Mamo Aline , Chabot Catherine , Sirois Isabelle , Magliocco Anthony , Klimowicz Alexander , Tonin Patricia N. , Buchanan Marguerite , Keilty Dana , Hassan Saima , Laperrière David , Mader Sylvie , Aleynikova Olga , Basik Mark 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The treatment of breast cancer has benefitted tremendously from the generation of estrogen receptor-α (ERα)–targeted therapies, but disease relapse continues to pose a challenge due to intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. In an effort to delineate potential predictive biomarkers of therapy responsiveness, multiple groups have identified several uncharacterized cofactors and interacting partners of ERα, including Split Ends (SPEN), a transcriptional corepressor. Here, we demonstrate a role for SPEN in ERα-expressing breast cancers. SPEN nonsense mutations were detectable in the ERα-expressing breast cancer cell line T47D and corresponded to undetectable protein levels. Further analysis of 101 primary breast tumors revealed that 23% displayed loss of heterozygosity at the SPEN locus and that 3% to 4% harbored somatically acquired mutations. A combination of in vitro and in vivo functional assays with microarray-based pathway analyses showed that SPEN functions as a tumor suppressor to regulate cell proliferation, tumor growth, and survival. We also found that SPEN binds ERα in a ligand-independent manner and negatively regulates the transcription of ERα targets. Moreover, we demonstrate that SPEN overexpression sensitizes hormone receptor–positive breast cancer cells to the apoptotic effects of tamoxifen, but has no effect on responsiveness to fulvestrant. Consistent with these findings, two independent datasets revealed that high SPEN protein and RNA expression in ERα-positive breast tumors predicted favorable outcome in patients treated with tamoxifen alone. Together, our data suggest that SPEN is a novel tumor-suppressor gene that may be clinically useful as a predictive biomarker of tamoxifen response in ERα-positive breast cancers. Cancer Res; 75(20); 4351–63. ©2015 AACR.
Glioblastomas Require Integrin αvβ3/PAK4 Signaling to Escape Senescence
Authors: Franovic Aleksandra , Elliott Kathryn C. , Seguin Laetitia , Camargo M. Fernanda , Weis Sara M. , Cheresh David A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Integrin αvβ3 has been implicated as a driver of aggressive and metastatic disease, and is upregulated during glioblastoma progression. Here, we demonstrate that integrin αvβ3 allows glioblastoma cells to counteract senescence through a novel tissue-specific effector mechanism involving recruitment and activation of the cytoskeletal regulatory kinase PAK4. Mechanistically, targeting either αvβ3 or PAK4 led to emergence of a p21-dependent, p53-independent cell senescence phenotype. Notably, glioblastoma cells did not exhibit a similar requirement for either other integrins or additional PAK family members. Moreover, αvβ3/PAK4 dependence was not found to be critical in epithelial cancers. Taken together, our findings established that glioblastomas are selectively addicted to this pathway as a strategy to evade oncogene-induced senescence, with implications that inhibiting the αvβ3–PAK4 signaling axis may offer novel therapeutic opportunities to target this aggressive cancer. Cancer Res; 75(21); 4466–73. ©2015 AACR.
Docetaxel Resistance in Prostate Cancer: Taking It Up a Notch
Authors: Zhang Tian , Armstrong Andrew J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNotch signaling is implicated in prostate cancer progression and docetaxel resistance. Cui and colleagues describe the additive efficacy and mechanisms of a γ-secretase inhibitor, PF-03084014, and docetaxel in preclinical models of prostate cancer, suggesting the need for further clinical development of Notch pathway modulators in men with metastatic prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 21(20); 4505–7. ©2015 AACR.See related article by Cui et al., p. 4619
Comparison of the 2 Most Popular Deconvolution Techniques for the Detection of Penumbral Flow in Acute Stroke
Authors: Zaro-Weber Olivier , Livne Michelle , Martin Steve Z. , von Samson-Himmelstjerna Federico C. , Moeller-Hartmann Walter , Schuster Alexander , Brunecker Peter , Heiss Wolf-Dieter , Sobesky Jan , Madai Vince I. 
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose—
Dynamic susceptibility–weighted contrast–enhanced (DSC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to identify the tissue-at-risk in acute stroke, but the choice of optimal DSC postprocessing in the clinical setting remains a matter of debate. Using 15O-water positron emission tomography (PET), we validated the performance of 2 common deconvolution methods for DSC-MRI.

Methods—
In (sub)acute stroke patients with consecutive MRI and PET imaging, DSC maps were calculated applying 2 deconvolution methods, standard and block-circulant single value decomposition. We used 2 standardized analysis methods, a region of interest–based and a voxel-based analysis, where PET cerebral blood flow masks of <20 mL/100 g per minute (penumbral flow) and gray matter masks were overlaid on DSC parameter maps. For both methods, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to identify the accuracy of each DSC-MR map for the detection of PET penumbral flow.

Results—
In 18 data sets (median time after stroke onset: 18 hours; median time PET to MRI: 101 minutes), block-circulant single value decomposition showed significantly better performance to detect PET penumbral flow only for mean transit time maps. Time-to-maximum (Tmax) had the highest performance independent of the deconvolution method.

Conclusions—
Block-circulant single value decomposition seems only significantly beneficial for mean transit time maps in (sub)acute stroke. Tmax is likely the most stable deconvolved parameter for the detection of tissue-at-risk using DSC-MRI.
A Proposed Revision to the Definition of “Derecho”
Authors: Corfidi Stephen F. , Coniglio Michael C. , Cohen Ariel E. , Mead Corey M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The word “derecho” was first used by Gustavus Hinrichs in 1888 to distinguish the widespread damaging windstorms that occurred on occasion over the mid–Mississippi Valley region of the United States from damaging winds associated with tornadoes. The term soon fell into disuse, however, and did not appear in the literature until Robert Johns and William Hirt resurrected it in the mid-1980s.
While the present definition of derecho served well during the early years of the term’s reintroduction to the meteorological community, it has several shortcomings. These have become more apparent in recent years as various studies shed light on the physical processes responsible for the production of widespread damaging winds. In particular, the current definition’s emphasis on the coverage of storm reports at the expense of identifying the convective structures and physical processes deemed responsible for the reports has led to the term being applied to wind events beyond those for which it originally was intended.
The revised definition of a derecho proposed herein is intended to focus more specifically on those types of windstorms that are the most damaging and potentially life threatening because of their intensity, sustenance, and degree of organization. The proposal is not intended to be final or all encompassing, but rather an initial step toward ultimately realizing a more complete physically based taxonomy that also addresses other forms of damaging-wind-producing convective systems.
Quantifying Climate Forcings and Feedbacks over the Last Millennium in the CMIP5–PMIP3 Models*
Authors: Atwood A. R. , Wu E. , Frierson D. M. W. , Battisti D. S. , Sachs J. P. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The role of radiative forcings and climate feedbacks on global cooling over the last millennium is quantified in the CMIP5–PMIP3 transient climate model simulations. Changes in the global energy budget over the last millennium are decomposed into contributions from radiative forcings and climate feedbacks through the use of the approximate partial radiative perturbation method and radiative kernels. Global cooling occurs circa 1200–1850 CE in the multimodel ensemble mean with pronounced minima corresponding with volcanically active periods that are outside the range of natural variability. Analysis of the global energy budget during the last millennium indicates that Little Ice Age (LIA; 1600–1850 CE) cooling is largely driven by volcanic forcing (comprising an average of 65% of the total forcing among models), while contributions due to changes in land use (13%), greenhouse gas concentrations (12%), and insolation (10%) are substantially lower. The combination of these forcings directly contributes to 47% of the global cooling during the LIA, while the remainder of the cooling arises from the sum of the climate feedbacks. The dominant positive feedback is the water vapor feedback, which contributes 29% of the global cooling. Additional positive feedbacks include the surface albedo feedback (which contributes 7% of the global cooling and arises owing to high-latitude sea ice expansion and increased snow cover) and the lapse rate feedback (which contributes an additional 7% of the global cooling and arises owing to greater cooling near the surface than aloft in the middle and high latitudes).
The connectivity of Haifa urban open space network
Authors: Toger Marina , Malkinson Dan , Benenson Itzhak , Czamanski Daniel 
Published: August 2015

Urban open spaces are considered as spatial residuals of the expansion of built areas. The environmental impact of the resulting land-cover pattern and associated ecosystem services are frequently evaluated at a crude spatial resolution only. However, wild animals use remaining interconnected fine-grain open spaces as an infrastructure for movement. In this paper, we traced the evolution of an open-space system in Haifa, Israel, and examined the impact of urban morphology on size and distribution of open spaces at different spatial resolutions. At a 30 m resolution, our analysis indicated fragmentation and increasing partial elimination of open spaces. Over time the connectivity declined at a diminishing rate, yet the network did not disintegrate into separate components. The evolution analysis implied that in crude resolution, the open space network is threatened. At a 5 m resolution, our analysis showed that Haifa remains porous to animal movement. Using combined multiple least-cost paths through the urban landscape of heterogeneous permeability, we illustrated extensive connectivity among open spaces. Backyards and other urban in-between spaces complemented the seminatural open-space network connectivity, enabling wildlife movement between habitat patches and thus survival in an urbanized environment.