bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refractory bullous pemphigoid leaving numerous milia during recovery
Authors: Uchida Shusuke , Oiso Naoki , Koga Hiroshi , Ishii Norito , Okahashi Kazunori , Matsuda Hiromasa , Hashimoto Takashi , Kawada Akira 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRecovery with milia may occur in bullous pemphigoid (BP), mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA). Scarring commonly occurs in MMP and EBA. Here, we report a 62‐year‐old man patient with BP, who was left with numerous milia during recovery. The patient had immunoglobulin (Ig)G autoantibodies to the recombinant protein of the BP180‐NC16a domain and the soluble 120‐kDa ectodomain of BP180 (linear IgA bullous dermatosis [LAD]‐1). There are cases of BP with IgG autoantibodies to LAD‐1 and/or the recombinant protein of BP180 C‐terminal domain. Extensive milia formation during recovery may be associated with immunological predisposition and/or improper interaction between hemidesmosomes and the extracellular matrix components.
Composing Urban Orders from Rubbish Electronics: Cityness and the Site Multiple
Authors: Lepawsky Josh , Akese Grace , Billah Mostaem , Conolly Creighton , McNabb Chris 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWhat do cities look like when rubbish electronics are the vehicle with which they are explored? This article is an experiment designed to offer a response to that question, and in doing so to productively intervene in the conversation about ‘cityness', ‘metrocentricity' and ‘subaltern urbanism'. We intervene by following flows of rubbish electronics and the action that enacts them as waste and value, drawing on fieldwork in Dhaka, Singapore, Accra and Canada's Greater Golden Horseshoe. Our intervention is an experiment in writing an urban geography of rubbish electronics as a site multiple. We show how following the circulation of rubbish electronics offers a manyfolded synopsis of cities: urban enclaves of high finance and the information economy are also industrial waste producers. Peri‐urban industrial zones are also managers of brands, legal liability and corporate public relations. Cities off the map are also urban innovation systems, while waste is rekindled as value and accumulated as poison. Thereby we suggest how a sensitivity to the site multiple may be a helpful way of grappling with shifting ontology and the performativity of our research practices in urban studies.
Evaluating the potential impact of a reformulated version of oxycodone upon tampering, non‐adherence and diversion of opioids: the National Opioid Medications Abuse Deterrence (NOMAD) study protocol
Authors: Degenhardt Louisa , Larance Briony , Bruno Raimondo , Lintzeris Nicholas , Ali Robert , Farrell Michael 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimsA new oxycodone formulation (Reformulated OxyContin®) was released in Australia, early 2014. It was developed as a tamper‐resistant (‘abuse‐deterrent’) formulation of the drug. We summarize methods used in the National Opioid Medication Abuse Deterrence (NOMAD) study, which will examine: (i) whether there is a reduction in extra‐medical use (including via tampering) of OxyContin® following the introduction of Reformulated OxyContin®; (ii) potential changes in extra‐medical use of non‐abuse‐deterrent forms of oxycodone, other pharmaceutical opioids and illicit drugs; (iii) whether methods of tampering with Reformulated OxyContin® become widespread over time; (iv) Reformulated OxyContin®'s attractiveness on the illicit market; and (v) sales, prescriptions and harms related to OxyContin® and other drugs.MethodsThere are three major components. First, analyses of existing routine data sources such as: pharmaceutical sales; prescribing data; data on drug overdose deaths; and survey data on drug use in the general population and among people who inject drugs; secondly, specific data on OxyContin® collected through the Illicit Drug Reporting System; and thirdly, a prospective cohort of n = 606 people who regularly misuse or tamper with pharmaceutical opioids was formed prior to the introduction of Reformulated OxyContin®, followed‐up twice post‐release to examine potential changes after Reformulated OxyContin®'s introduction.DiscussionThe study's strengths lie in varied data collections; interrupted time–series analysis; and prospective cohort. To our knowledge, this is one of the most comprehensive and transparently conducted studies conducted to date of the potential impact of an opioid medication upon use, tampering and diversion. Results have the potential to inform policymakers, clinicians, consumers and researchers alike.
Impact of the early detection of esophageal neoplasms in hypopharyngeal cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Watanabe Shigenobu , Ogino Ichiro , Inayama Yoshiaki , Sugiura Madoka , Sakuma Yasunori , Kokawa Atsushi , Kunisaki Chikara , Inoue Tomio 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimsWe examined the risk factors and prognostic factors for synchronous esophageal neoplasia (SEN) by comparing the characteristics of hypopharyngeal cancer (HPC) patients with and without SEN.MethodsWe examined 183 patients who were treated with definitive radiotherapy for HPC. Lugol chromoendoscopy screening of the esophagus was performed in all patients before chemoradiotherapy.ResultsThirty‐six patients had SEN, 49 patients died of HPC and two died of esophageal cancer. The patients with SEN exhibited significantly higher alcohol consumption than those without SEN (P = 0.018). The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate of the 36 patients with SEN was lower than that of the other patients (36.2% vs 63.4%, P = 0.006). The SEN patients exhibited significantly shorter HPC cause‐specific survival than the other patients (P = 0.039). Both the OS (P = 0.005) and the HPC cause‐specific survival (P = 0.026) of the patients with SEN were significantly shorter than those of the patients without SEN in multivariate analysis. Category 4/T1 stage esophageal cancer was treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), endoscopic treatment or chemotherapy. The 5‐year survival rates for esophageal cancer recurrence for CCRT, endoscopic treatment and chemotherapy were 71.5, 43.7 and 0%, respectively. The median (range) survival time (months) of CCRT, endoscopic treatment and chemotherapy was 22.7 (7.5–90.6), 46.44 (17.3–136.7) and 7.98 (3.72–22.8), respectively.ConclusionAdvanced HPC patients with SEN might have a poorer prognosis than those without SEN even when the esophageal cancer is detected early and managed appropriately.
Interleukin‐6 gene‐174 G/C promoter polymorphism and its association with clinical profile of patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Chakraborty Baidarbhi , Vishnoi Gaurav , Gowda Srinivas H , Goswami Binita 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimIn multiple myeloma (MM), the growth and survival of myeloma cells is controlled by interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), the plasma levels of which is controlled by a guanine/cytosine substitution occurring in position ‐174 of IL‐6 gene promoter region. We studied the occurrence of IL‐6‐174 G/C polymorphism in patients of MM and correlated the presence of genotypes with serum IL‐6 levels and tumor staging.MethodsOne hundred three patients with MM and 117 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls were staged by International Staging System. IL‐6 genotypes were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme analysis. Serum levels of IL‐6 were assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsFrequency of GG, GC and CC genotypes did not differ significantly between cases (GG 52%, GC 40%, CC 9%) and controls. The median serum level of IL‐6 was significantly higher among the GC genotype versus other genotypes (24 ng/mL, P = 0.007) as compared with the GG versus other genotypes (12 ng/mL, P = 0.001). GC was associated more with stage 3 disease (27%) than was GG (11%) or CC (22% P = 0.001).ConclusionsAt position 174 of the IL‐6 promoter, patients with GC genotype had higher serum levels of IL‐6 and presented with more severe disease compared with patients with GG or CC genotype.
Corticosteroid insensitive alveolar macrophages from asthma patients; synergistic interaction with a p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor
Authors: Lea Simon , Harbron Chris , Khan Naimat , Booth George , Armstrong Jane , Singh Dave 
Published: October 2014

AimsSome asthma patients remain symptomatic despite using high doses of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). We used alveolar macrophages to identify individual patients with insensitivity to corticosteroids and to evaluate the anti‐inflammatory effects of a p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor combined with a corticosteroid on these cells.MethodsAlveolar macrophages from 27 asthma patients (classified according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) treatment stage. Six GINA1, 10 GINA2 and 11 GINA3/4) were stimulated with lipoploysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg ml−1). The effects of dexamethasone (dex 1–1000 nm), the p38 MAPK inhibitor 1‐(5‐tert‐butyl‐2‐p‐tolyl‐2Hpyrazol‐3‐yl)‐3(4‐(2‐morpholin‐4‐yl‐ethoxy)naphthalen‐1‐yl)urea (BIRB‐796 1–1000 nm) and both drugs combined at all concentrations on supernatant TNFα, IL‐6 and CXCL‐8 concentrations were analyzed by ELISA. Dose‐sparing and efficacy enhancing effects of combination treatment were determined.ResultsDexamethasone reduced LPS‐induced TNFα, IL‐6 and CXCL‐8 in all groups, but maximum inhibition was significantly reduced for GINA3/4 compared with GINA2 and GINA1 (P < 0.01). A subgroup of corticosteroid insensitive patients with a reduced effect of dexamethasone on cytokine secretion were identified. BIRB‐796 in combination with dexamethasone significantly increased cytokine inhibition compared with either drug alone (P < 0.001) in all groups. This effect was greater in corticosteroid insensitive compared with sensitive patients. There were significant synergistic dose‐sparing effects (P < 0.05) for the combination treatment on inhibition of TNFα, IL‐6 and CXCL‐8 in all groups. There was also significant efficacy enhancing benefits (P < 0.05) on TNFα and IL‐6.Conclusionsp38 MAPK inhibitors synergistically enhance efficacy of corticosteroids in macrophages from asthma patients. This effect is greater in corticosteroid insensitive asthma patients, suggesting that this class of drug should be targeted to this patient phenotype.
Neurofunctional effects of quetiapine in patients with bipolar mania
Authors: Davis Andrew K , DelBello Melissa P , Eliassen James , Welge Jeffrey , Blom Thomas J , Fleck David E , Weber Wade A , Jarvis Kelly B , Rummelhoff Emily , Strakowski Stephen M , Adler Caleb M 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesSeveral lines of evidence suggest that abnormalities within portions of the extended limbic network involved in affective regulation and expression contribute to the neuropathophysiology of bipolar disorder. In particular, portions of the prefrontal cortex have been implicated in the appearance of manic symptomatology. The effect of atypical antipsychotics on activation of these regions, however, remains poorly understood.MethodsTwenty‐two patients diagnosed with bipolar mania and 26 healthy subjects participated in a baseline functional magnetic resonance imaging scan during which they performed a continuous performance task with neutral and emotional distractors. Nineteen patients with bipolar disorder were treated for eight weeks with quetiapine monotherapy and then rescanned. Regional activity in response to emotional stimuli was compared between healthy and manic subjects at baseline; and in the subjects with bipolar disorder between baseline and eight‐week scans.ResultsAt baseline, functional activity did not differ between subjects with bipolar disorder and healthy subjects in any region examined. After eight weeks of treatment, subjects with bipolar disorder showed a significant decrease in ratings on the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) (p < 0.001), and increased activation in the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (p = 0.002); there was a significant association between increased right OFC activity and YMRS improvement (p = 0.003).ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with suggestions that mania involves a loss of emotional modulatory activity in the prefrontal cortex—restoration of the relatively greater elevation in prefrontal activity widely observed in euthymic patients is associated with clinical improvement. It is not clear, however, whether changes are related to quetiapine treatment or represent a non‐specific marker of affective change.
A cross‐sectional study of thyroid function in 66 patients with bipolar disorder receiving lithium for 10–44 years
Authors: Kraszewska Agnieszka , Chlopocka‐Wozniak Maria , Abramowicz Maria , Sowinski Jerzy , Rybakowski Janusz K 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesAn important side effect of lithium therapy is an influence on thyroid function. It is unclear whether there is a significant association between thyroid function and duration of lithium administration. The aim of the present cross‐sectional study was to measure levels of thyroid hormones and antibodies in patients with bipolar disorder receiving lithium for more than ten years.MethodsThe study was performed in 66 patients (21 males, 45 females) with bipolar mood disorder, receiving lithium for 10–44 (21 ± 9; mean ± standard deviation) years. Thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT3), and free triiodothyronine (fT4) were measured by the microparticle enzyme immunoassay. Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies, thyroglobulin (TG) antibodies, and TSH receptor (TSH‐R) antibodies were measured by the radioimmunoassay.ResultsSome features of hypothyroidism were found in ten (22%) female patients (seven received levothyroxine and three had increased TSH). No abnormality in thyroid hormones was found in male patients. A significant percentage of patients had abnormally high levels of anti‐TPO, and anti‐TG antibodies, which correlated with TSH and fT3 concentrations. There were no differences in thyroid function between patients receiving lithium for 10–20 years and those taking the drug for more than 20 years.ConclusionsThese results confirm the greater susceptibility of female subjects for disturbances of thyroid hormones during lithium therapy, with one‐fifth of them showing some features of hypothyroidism. Abnormally high levels of anti‐TPO and anti‐TG antibodies were shown in a significant proportion of patients. However, in contrast to the effect of lithium on kidney function, our results do not show an association between the duration of lithium therapy and thyroid dysfunction.
Design, Synthesis, and Anti‐HIV Evaluation of Novel Triazine Derivatives Targeting the Entrance Channel of the NNRTI Binding Pocket
Authors: Chen Xuwang , Meng Qing , Qiu Liyun , Zhan Peng , Liu Huiqing , De Clercq Erik , Pannecouque Christophe , Liu Xinyong 
Published: October 2014

A novel series of triazine derivatives targeting the entrance channel of the HIV‐1 non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor binding pocket (NNIBP) were designed and synthesized on the basis of our previous work. The results of a cell‐based antiviral screening assay indicated that most compounds showed good‐to‐moderate activity against wild‐type HIV‐1 with EC50 values within the concentration range of 0.0078–0.16 μm (compound DCS‐a4, EC50 = 7.8 nm). Some compounds displayed submicromolar activity against the K103N/Y181C resistant mutant strain (such as compound DCS‐a4, EC50 = 0.65 μm). Molecular modeling studies confirmed that the new compounds could bind into the NNIBP similarly as the lead compound, and the newly introduced flexible heterocycles could occupy the entrance channel effectively. In addition, the preliminary structure–activity relationship and the RT inhibitory assay are presented in this study.
Parenting interventions in tic disorders: an exploration of parents' perspectives
Authors: Evans G. , Wittkowski A. , Butler H. , Hedderly T. , Bunton P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundParents of children with tic disorders (e.g.Tourette syndrome) experience multiple challenges and stresses, which can impact on family functioning, children's well‐being and could indirectly affect tic severity. Parenting interventions have been recommended for tic disorder populations; however, little is known about parents' views.MethodThe views of parents of children with tic disorders were sought. UsingQ‐methodology, 23 parents provided their opinions regarding the acceptability, effectiveness, feasibility and utility of parenting interventions.ResultsFour factors emerged, representing four groups of parents with similar opinions. Although all factors evidenced support for parenting interventions, subtle differences emerged between factors regarding the endorsed content, barriers and delivery of interventions.ConclusionResults indicate a perceived clinical need for parenting interventions and provide guidance to further develop and implement such interventions.
The effect of prolactin levels on MPV in women with PCOS
Authors: Yilmaz Özgür , Calan Mehmet , Kume Tuncay , Temur Muzaffer , Yesil Pınar , Senses Mehmet Y. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryObjectivePolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidaemia and glucose intolerance. Several studies demonstrated the link between PCOS and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Platelets play a crucial role in the development of atherothrombotic disease. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a marker of platelet size that reflects its activity. Research points to a link between prolactin (PRL) and platelet activation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether prolactin levels are associated with MPV in women with PCOS.DesignThe research was designed as a cross‐sectional study.PatientsParticipants were divided into three groups‐PCOS patients with mildly elevated PRL levels (n = 72), patients with PCOS with normal PRL levels (n = 207) and healthy controls (n = 90). They were body mass index and age‐matched and consecutively recruited.MeasurementsComplete blood counts, serum glucose, prolactin, insulin, lipids, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein and free‐testosterone levels were measured.ResultsAmong the three groups, MPV levels were higher in women with PCOS having mildly elevated PRL levels (P < 0·001) and MPV was found to be correlated with PRL levels (r = 0·387, P < 0·001). Multiple regression analysis showed that PRL levels were associated with MPV levels (R2 = 0·239, β = 0·354, P < 0·001).ConclusionMean platelet volume levels are significantly increased in women with PCOS having mildly elevated PRL. Our results suggest that there is a link between prolactin and MPV levels. In women with PCOS, elevated PRL levels may increase the risk of developing atherothrombotic events via the activation of platelets.
My 30‐year roadmap for pediatric myasthenia gravis in Hong Kong: Searching for international collaboration
Authors: Wong Virginia Chun‐Nei 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPediatric myasthenia gravis (P‐MG) is an autoimmune disease affecting the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), and is rare in children. The roadmap of the research carried out for P‐MG in Hong Kong over the past 30 years was reviewed. Currently, there is a lack of epidemiological studies in comparing clinical data or the outcome for people of different ethnic origins. P‐MG is more common in Asians, especially Chinese and Japanese. Because of the lack of comparison studies for P‐MG worldwide, the author initiated collaboration with international colleagues in 2008, and set up “The International Paediatric Myasthenia Gravis Registry Focus Group (FG)” in 2009. We then established an “International Pediatric Myasthenia Gravis Registry (IPMGR)” to review the current knowledge of P‐MG in children. We designed an e‐MG questionnaire for “Myasthenia Syndromes in Children,” and launched through the website (ICNAPaedia) of the International Child Neurology Association (ICNA) in 2009–2010. As of 2014, we had collected 121 replies from clinicians–researchers in 43 countries. In 2013, we started a Delphi process for obtaining a consensus for diagnosis, management and treatment of P‐MG. Despite the lack of research funding support as a result of the rarity of P‐MG, and the lack of innovative pharmaceutical research and development, we still stress that we set up a foundation as a small step towards consolidating international collaboration to carry out epidemiological studies, genetic studies and randomized controlled trials of all the current available treatments, especially steroids for ocular P‐MG, and indications for thymectomy.
Negotiating motherhood: women with troubled upbringings and their self‐conceptions as mothers
Authors: Herland Mari Dalen , Helgeland Ingeborg Marie 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper examines how women who experienced severe adjustment problems during adolescence, and who had troubled childhoods in families with high levels of conflict, construct their self‐conceptions as mothers. Applying data from a 30‐year‐long follow‐up study, this paper examines how participants with troubled upbringings experience social norms of motherhood. Two overall themes emerged along with their associated subcategories, and these are identified as significant findings. The first theme is the stigmatizing gaze, exemplifying how the intervention of the child welfare service is recognized as essential to the women's self‐conception; its three subcategories are prejudiced motherhood, predestined motherhood and self‐critical motherhood. The second theme is significant relationships, exemplifying the mothers' personal bonds and contributing greatly to their self‐conception; its three subcategories are the other half, next of kin and disturbed relations. The findings reveal that the way these women view themselves as mothers cannot be separated from the way that others view them, and in addition, they must negotiate their positions as mothers through the normative discourses of motherhood. The findings apply to both theoretical and practical social work, addressing the need for an understanding of motherhood within the field of child welfare.
Strontium content and collagen‐I coating of Magnesium–Zirconia–Strontium implants influence osteogenesis and bone resorption
Authors: Mushahary Dolly , Wen Cuie , Kumar Jerald M. , Sravanthi Ragamouni , Hodgson Peter , Pande Gopal , Li Yuncang 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to study the role of Collagen type‐I (Col‐I) coating on Magnesium–Zirconia (Mg–Zr) alloys, containing different quantities of Strontium (Sr), in enhancing the in vitro bioactivity and in vivo bone‐forming and mineralisation properties of the implants.Materials and methodsMC3T3‐E1 osteoblast cell line was used to analyse the in vitro properties of Col‐I coated and uncoated alloys. Cell viability analysis was performed by MTT assay; cell attachment on alloy surfaces was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); and gene profiling of bone‐specific markers in cells plated on uncoated alloys was performed by Quantitative RT‐PCR. In vivo studies were performed by implanting 2‐mm‐sized cylindrical pins of uncoated and coated alloys in male New Zealand white rabbits (n = 33). Bone formation and mineralisation was studied by Dual Energy X‐ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and histological analysis at one and three months post‐implantation.ResultsOur results clearly showed that Sr content and Col‐I coating of Mg–Zr–Sr alloys significantly improved their bone inducing activity in vitro and in vivo. Osteoblasts on coated alloys showed better viability and surface binding than those on uncoated alloys. Sr inclusion in the alloys enhanced their bone‐specific gene expression. The in vivo activity of implants with higher Sr and Col‐I coating was superior to uncoated and other coated alloys as they showed faster bone induction and higher mineral content in the newly formed bone.ConclusionOur results indicate that bone‐forming and mineralising activity of Mg–Zr–Sr implants can be significantly improved by controlling their Sr content and coating their surface with Col‐I.