bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First surgery for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours in a patient with MEN1: enucleation versus disease‐modifying surgery
Authors: Harper Simon , Harrison Barney 
Published: March 2015

SummaryPancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (PNETs) are the second most common manifestation of MEN1, affecting up to 80% of patients. The secretion of peptide hormones by PNETs causes clinical syndromes requiring therapeutic intervention. Malignant progression of PNETs is a leading cause of mortality in patients with MEN1. The goal of surgery, when required, is to alleviate a biochemical syndrome or to treat established tumour(s) to reduce the risk of local progression or metastases against the background of preservation of pancreatic function. Determining the need and optimum timing for an operative intervention is complex and requires an approach individualized for each patient. When a clinically significant biochemical syndrome is confirmed, the time course to surgery is clear. In patients with a potentially malignant PNET, the decision as to when to intervene is more challenging. In all cases surgical treatment carries the potential for harm, of more than usual concern because many of the patients are young. In this study, we explain an approach to the surgical treatment of MEN1 patients with biochemical or radiological evidence of PNETs where other manifestations of the syndrome are either treated or controlled and the patient lacks comorbidity that would preclude pancreatic surgery. In each scenario we present, a normal serum gastrin will be assumed as the surgical approach to this usually duodenal manifestation of MEN1 is significantly different to the management of other PNETs.
A Survey of Physically Based Simulation of Cuts in Deformable Bodies
Authors: Wu Jun , Westermann Rüdiger , Dick Christian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractVirtual cutting of deformable bodies has been an important and active research topic in physically based modelling and simulation for more than a decade. A particular challenge in virtual cutting is the robust and efficient incorporation of cuts into an accurate computational model that is used for the simulation of the deformable body. This report presents a coherent summary of the state of the art in virtual cutting of deformable bodies, focusing on the distinct geometrical and topological representations of the deformable body, as well as the specific numerical discretizations of the governing equations of motion. In particular, we discuss virtual cutting based on tetrahedral, hexahedral and polyhedral meshes, in combination with standard, polyhedral, composite and extended finite element discretizations. A separate section is devoted to meshfree methods. Furthermore, we discuss cutting‐related research problems such as collision detection and haptic rendering in the context of interactive cutting scenarios. The report is complemented with an application study to assess the performance of virtual cutting simulators.
Associations of Resonance Frequency Analysis with Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Dental Implant Systems
Authors: Kim Do‐Gyoon , Kwon Hyun‐Jung , Jeong Yong‐Hoon , Chien Hua‐Hong , Crance Samantha , Agnew Amanda M. , Battula Suneel , Lee Jin Whan , Wen Hai Bo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundResonance frequency analysis (RFA) has been introduced as a noninvasive method to clinically estimate the stability of dental implant systems.PurposeThe objective of this study was to examine whether implant stability quotient (ISQ) values of RFA can account for mechanical stability of the dental implant system, which is assessed using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA).Materials and MethodsFifty‐seven screw‐type titanium dental implants were placed in artificial polyurethane foams with seven different thicknesses (3.5 to 12 mm) and eight edentulous mandibles of human cadavers (four men and four women, 79.11 ± 13.48 years). After the ISQ values, insertion torque, and static stiffness of each implant system were measured, the DMA was performed to assess dynamic stiffness and viscoelastic tan δ.ResultsThe ISQ value had strong positive correlations with thickness, insertion torque, static and dynamic stiffness, and a negative correlation with tan δ of implant systems in artificial bone blocks (r = 0.769 to 0.992, p < .043). However, the ISQ value was correlated with only the insertion torque of implant systems in human mandibles (p < .049).ConclusionThe ISQ values could reflect mechanical stability of the dental implant system under the controlled condition of homogeneous density in simple dimensions.
Long‐term Survival of Straumann Dental Implants with TPS Surfaces: A Retrospective Study with a Follow‐up of 12 to 23 Years
Authors: Becker Stephan T. , Beck‐Broichsitter Benedicta E. , Rossmann Christian M. , Behrens Eleonore , Jochens Arne , Wiltfang Jörg 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the long‐term dental implant survival rates of Straumann dental implants in a university hospital environment over 12 to 23 years.Materials and MethodsA total of 388 Straumann dental implants with titanium‐sprayed surfaces (TPS) were inserted in 92 patients between 1988 and 1999 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the University Hospital Schleswig‐Holstein in Kiel, and they were reevaluated with standardized clinical and radiological exams. Kaplan–Meier analyses were performed for individual factors. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to detect the factors influencing long‐term implant failure.ResultsThe long‐term implant survival rate was 88.03% after an observation time of 12.2 to 23.5 years. Cox regression revealed statistically significant influences of the International Team for Implantology (ITI) implantation type (p = .00354) and tobacco smoking (p = .01264) on implant failure. A proportion 82.8% of the patients with implant losses had a medical history of periodontitis. Peri‐implantitis was diagnosed in 9.7% of the remaining implants in the long‐term survey.ConclusionsThis study emphasized the long‐term rehabilitation capabilities of Straumann dental implants in complex cases. The survival rates after several years constitute important information for patients, as well as for clinicians, in deciding about different concepts of tooth replacement. Patient‐related and technical factors – determined before implant placement – could help to predict the risk of implant loss.
Maxillary Four Implant‐retained Overdentures via Locator® Attachment: Intermediate‐term Results from a Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Feng , Monje Alberto , Huang Wei , Zhang Zhiyong , Wang Guomin , Wu Yiqun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundMaxillary overdentures have been utilized to restore oral function in scenarios where limited bone structure represents a drawback for financial issues and for cases where oral hygiene is uncertain.PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the intermediate‐term clinical outcome of four locator attachment retaining maxillary overdentures and to test their reliability.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study was conducted from January 2007 to October 2013. After the placement of four maxillary dental implants and a healing period of approximately 3 months, all the implants were restored with locator‐retained overdentures with partial palatal coverage. Subjects and implant characteristics, implant position (anterior vs posterior maxilla), bone quality, and opposing dentition were recorded. Peri‐implant clinical parameters and marginal bone loss (MBL) were evaluated after delivery of the final prosthesis and annually thereafter. The performance of locator components and the prosthetic restoration were also recorded at follow‐up.ResultsA total of 104 implants were placed in 26 subjects (11 women, 15 men; mean age, 64 years; age range, 55–76 years). One implant failed before loading. One subject dropped out of the study during a mean follow‐up period of 46 months (range: 7–73 months), achieving an overall survival rate of 95.2%. Clinical parameters revealed healthy tissues around most of the implants, with low scores of plaque and bleeding indices. At the last follow‐up evaluation, the mean MBL was 1.7 ± 1.1 mm (0.4–2.6 mm). Regression model analysis indicated that MBL for implants in the posterior maxilla was significantly higher than that for implants in the anterior maxilla (p = .0487). Overall, 26 technical and prosthetic complications were reported.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, maxillary four implant‐retained overdentures via Locator attachment seem to be a predictable alternative for oral rehabilitation.
Effect of dental cements on peri‐implant microbial community: comparison of the microbial communities inhabiting the peri‐implant tissue when using different luting cements
Authors: Korsch Michael , Marten Silke‐Mareike , Dötsch Andreas , Jáuregui Ruy , Pieper Dietmar H. , Obst Ursula 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundCementing dental restorations on implants poses the risk of undetected excess cement. Such cement remnants may favor the development of inflammation in the peri‐implant tissue. The effect of excess cement on the bacterial community is not yet known. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of two different dental cements on the composition of the microbial peri‐implant community.MethodsIn a cohort of 38 patients, samples of the peri‐implant tissue were taken with paper points from one implant per patient. In 15 patients, the suprastructure had been cemented with a zinc oxide–eugenol cement (Temp Bond, TB) and in 23 patients with a methacrylate cement (Premier Implant Cement, PIC). The excess cement found as well as suppuration was documented. Subgingival samples of all patients were analyzed for taxonomic composition by means of 16S amplicon sequencing.ResultsNone of the TB‐cemented implants had excess cement or suppuration. In 14 (61%) of the PIC, excess cement was found. Suppuration was detected in 33% of the PIC implants without excess cement and in 100% of the PIC implants with excess cement. The taxonomic analysis of the microbial samples revealed an accumulation of oral pathogens in the PIC patients independent of the presence of excess cement. Significantly fewer oral pathogens occurred in patients with TB compared to patients with PIC.ConclusionCompared with TB, PIC favors the development of suppuration and the growth of periodontal pathogens.
Pes planus and paediatric obesity: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Stolzman S. , Irby M. B. , Callahan A. B. , Skelton J. A. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryChildren with obesity report musculoskeletal pain more than normal‐weight children; this may be linked with literature suggesting children with obesity have higher prevalence of pes planus (flatfoot). To further elucidate whether this relation occurs, we conducted a systematic literature review on the co‐occurrence of pes planus and paediatric obesity. Empirical articles published until September 2013 were obtained through an electronic search of MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus; included articles examined the association between body weight and pes planus in children. Thirteen cross‐sectional studies of varied designs were identified. Methods used to diagnose pes planus varied between studies: imaging modalities, anthropometric measurements and clinical examination. Across all studies, pes planus prevalence among children with obesity ranged widely from 14 to 67%. Nearly all studies indicated increasing pes planus in children with increasing weight. No studies evaluated pain/complications related to pes planus. Our review suggests increased prevalence of pes planus among children with obesity or increasing weight status. Because of differing methodologies, lack of consensus regarding the pes planus definition, the dearth of investigation into pain/complications and the few existing studies, more research is needed to determine a relation between children's body weight, pes planus and associated effects on pain and function.
Leave Her out of It: Person‐Presentation of Strategies is Harmful for Transfer
Authors: Riggs Anne E. , Alibali Martha W. , Kalish Charles W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA common practice in textbooks is to introduce concepts or strategies in association with specific people. This practice aligns with research suggesting that using “real‐world” contexts in textbooks increases students’ motivation and engagement. However, other research suggests this practice may interfere with transfer by distracting students or leading them to tie new knowledge too closely to the original learning context. The current study investigates the effects on learning and transfer of connecting mathematics strategies to specific people. A total of 180 college students were presented with an example of a problem‐solving strategy that was either linked with a specific person (e.g., “Juan's strategy”) or presented without a person. Students who saw the example without a person were more likely to correctly transfer the novel strategy to new problems than students who saw the example presented with a person. These findings are the first evidence that using people to present new strategies is harmful for learning and transfer.
How Children and Adults Represent God's Mind
Authors: Heiphetz Larisa , Lane Jonathan D. , Waytz Adam , Young Liane L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFor centuries, humans have contemplated the minds of gods. Research on religious cognition is spread across sub‐disciplines, making it difficult to gain a complete understanding of how people reason about gods' minds. We integrate approaches from cognitive, developmental, and social psychology and neuroscience to illuminate the origins of religious cognition. First, we show that although adults explicitly discriminate supernatural minds from human minds, their implicit responses reveal far less discrimination. Next, we demonstrate that children's religious cognition often matches adults' implicit responses, revealing anthropomorphic notions of God's mind. Together, data from children and adults suggest the intuitive nature of perceiving God's mind as human‐like. We then propose three complementary explanations for why anthropomorphism persists in adulthood, suggesting that anthropomorphism may be (a) an instance of the anchoring and adjustment heuristic; (b) a reflection of early testimony; and/or (c) an evolutionary byproduct.
Postoperative abdominal collections drainage: Percutaneous versus guided by endoscopic ultrasound
Authors: Téllez‐Ávila Félix , Carmona‐Aguilera Guillermo Jesús , Valdovinos‐Andraca Francisco , Casasola‐Sánchez Luis Eduardo , González‐Aguirre Adrían , Casanova‐Sánchez Ivan , Elizondo‐Rivera Javier , Ramírez‐Luna Miguel Ángel 
Published: March 2015

Background and AimPostoperative fluid collections (POFC) have high mortality. Percutaneous drainage (PD) is the preferred treatment modality. Drainage guided by endoscopic ultrasound (EUS‐GD) represents a good alternative. The aim of the present study was to compare clinical success and complication rates of EUS‐GD versus PD.MethodsData collected prospectively were analyzed in a retrospective manner. Patients with POFC from October 2008 to November 2013 were included. All collections were drained percutaneously or by EUS‐GD.ResultsSixty‐three procedures in 43 patients with POFC were analyzed; 13 patients were drained using EUS‐GD and 32 patients with PD. Two patients assigned initially to the PD group were reassigned to EUS‐GD. Surgery procedures most often related to the collections were intestinal reconnection, distal pancreatectomy, biliary‐digestive bypass, and exploratory laparotomy. Technical success (100% vs 91%; P = 0.25), clinical success (100% vs 84%; P = 0.13), recurrence (31% vs 25%; P = 0.69), hospital stay days (median 22 vs 27; P = 0.35), total costs (8328 ± 1600 USD vs 11 047 ± 1206 USD; P = 0.21), complications (0% vs 6%; P = 0.3), and mortality (8% vs 6%; P = 0.9) were each evaluated in the EUS‐GD and PD groups, respectively. In the PD group one death was related to the procedure.ConclusionsEUS‐GD is as effective and safe as PD in patients with POFC. The advantage of not requiring external drainage and a trend to higher clinical success and lower total costs must be considered.
Spatial spread and infestation risk assessment in the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis
Authors: Favaro Riccardo , Wichmann Lars , Ravn Hans Peter , Faccoli Massimo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Asian longhorned beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), is recognised as potentially one of the most damaging invasive insects in Europe and North America. International trade has increased the risk of accidental introduction of ALB. An eradication programme was initiated in Northeast Italy in June 2009, when an ALB infestation was discovered. The infestation was monitored by annual surveys of all host‐tree species growing in the eradication area. Infested trees were cut down and chipped. This study analyses the spatiotemporal distribution of infested trees for a 5‐year period from 2008 to 2012 using a generalised linear model approach. The results show that spread and infestation risk were significantly affected by (1) distance of suitable hosts from the nearest infested trees, (2) number of infested trees in the surroundings, and (3) annual variation. The significant differences in beetle dispersal between years reflect to some extent the onset of the eradication programme. The model allowed the estimation of arbitrary probability‐based management boundaries surrounding ALB‐infested trees. For example, the model estimated a 0.1% probability of attack on a suitable host tree 1 910 m from an existing attack.
Environmental determinants of fish community structure in gravel pit lakes
Authors: Zhao Tian , Grenouillet Gaël , Pool Thomas , Tudesque Loïc , Cucherousset Julien 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGravel pit lakes are increasingly common, and there is an urgent need to better understand the functioning of these artificial and disconnected ecosystems. However, our knowledge of the environmental determinants of fish community structure within these types of lakes remains poor. In this study, we quantified the taxonomic diversity, fish species and life‐stage composition in 17 gravel pit lakes sampled in 2012 and 2013 located in south‐west France to determine the potential role of environmental variables (i.e. lake morphology, productivity, water quality and human‐use intensity) as drivers of fish community structure and composition. Our results demonstrated that fish community structure significantly differed between gravel pit lakes, and we notably found that lakes managed for angling hosted higher levels of taxonomic diversity. We also found that young and large lakes supported higher native species biomass and were dominated by native European perch (Perca fluviatilis). Older, smaller and more productive lakes, located closer to the main urban area, supported a higher biomass of non‐native species such as largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Native and non‐native sport fishing species such as northern pike (Esox lucius), pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and cyprinid prey species were positively associated with fishery management effort, suggesting that management practices play also a critical role in shaping fish species composition. Overall, our study demonstrated that fish community composition followed a predictable shift along environmental gradients associated with the maturation of gravel pit lakes and the associated human practices.
Borderline personality pathology in young people at ultra high risk of developing a psychotic disorder
Authors: Ryan Jaymee , Graham Anne , Nelson Barnaby , Yung Alison 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimThe association between borderline personality disorder and the ultra high risk (UHR) for psychosis state is unclear. The following study aimed to investigate the type of attenuated psychotic symptoms and prevalence of borderline personality pathology in a sample of UHR young people. Additionally, the study aimed to explore whether borderline personality pathology influenced the transition rate to psychosis.MethodsMedical records from Orygen Youth Health between 2007 and 2009 were examined. There were 180 patients who met UHR criteria and were included for analysis. Most patients were females (62.8%) and age ranged from 15 to 24 years.ResultsA quarter (25.2%) of UHR patients endorsed items consistent with borderline personality pathology. UHR patients with borderline personality pathology experienced a range of attenuated psychotic symptoms and could not be statistically differentiated from UHR patients with less significant or without borderline personality pathology. Borderline personality pathology did not increase or decrease the risk of developing a psychotic disorder. The absence of depression was the only predictor of psychosis.ConclusionsMany UHR patients present with concurrent borderline personality features. The psychotic experiences reported by UHR patients with borderline personality features were not limited to paranoid ideation, supporting the idea that borderline personality disorder may include a wider range of psychotic symptoms than previously thought. It is further possible that the psychotic symptoms experienced in this group could also be indicative of an emerging psychotic disorder.
Influence of early trauma on features of schizophrenia
Authors: Ruby Eugene , Rothman Karen , Corcoran Cheryl , Goetz Raymond R. , Malaspina Dolores 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimThis proof‐of‐concept study examined if early trauma influences features of schizophrenia, consistent with hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis activation.MethodsEarly trauma and current perceived stress were assessed in 28 treated schizophrenia cases, along with salivary cortisol, brain volumes, cognition and symptoms.ResultsEarly trauma predicted more positive (r = .66, P = .005) and dysthymia symptoms (r –.65, P = .007), but less negative symptoms (r = −.56, P = .023), as well as reduced whole brain volumes (r = .50, P = .040) and increased amygdala to whole brain volume ratios (r = .56, P = .018). Larger volume reductions accompanied cortisol levels: evening values predicted smaller whole brain and hippocampal volumes whereas afternoon levels only significantly predicted smaller brain volumes in women. Sex differences were demonstrated between early trauma and cognition, with better cognition in traumatized women than other women and no male effects. Current perceived stress was related to dysthymia (especially in women) and diminished sense of purpose and social drive (especially in men).ConclusionsThese results suggest that early trauma and current stress impact features of schizophrenia, consistent with stress sensitization and increased dopamine activity for treatment refractory positive symptoms, as well as the cascade of increased morning cortisol, reduced brain volumes, and depressive and deficit symptoms. Conversely, cognitive deficits and negative symptoms may arise from a distinct diathesis. The sex differences accord with the literature on human HPA function and stress responses. Early trauma may be a stressor in the aetiopathophysiology of schizophrenia, particularly for cases with treatment refractory positive symptoms, and may guide future treatment development.