bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTERNATIONAL APPROACHES TO THE REGULATION OF CELL THERAPY PRODUCTS
Authors: Pyatigorskaya N. V. , Tulina M. A. , Aladysheva Zh. I. , Beregovykh V. V. 
Published: August 2015

This article is a review of the main methods and approaches used in regulation of cell therapy products in the United States of America, Canada, European Union, Australia, Japan and South Korea. Intensive developments of scientific and technological aspects in stem cell and tissue engineering have led to the wide use of human cells and tissues for the treatment of various diseases and injuries of organs and tissues. Drug regulatory agencies of different countries are working on implementation of a risk-based legal framework with some common features. In many countries there is a multilevel control system that assures quality and safety of used cell products. Competent authorities establish strict requirements both to safety of the products and to the implemented standards of good laboratory, manufacturing, clinical and tissue practices.
Asymmetric Dental Development Investigated by Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Alveolus
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyue , Zhang Yang , Yang Li'an , Shen Gang , Chen Zhenqi 
Published: August 2015

Objective To investigate a possible delay in dental development of cleft-side teeth compared with the contralateral teeth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus with or without cleft palate (UCLA ± CP) and to correlate this delay to developmental stages of the corresponding teeth. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Cleft Lip and Palate Care Center of Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China. Patients Forty Chinese patients with UCLA ± CP. Main outcome Measure Crown height (CH), root length (RL), and full length (FL) of permanent incisors, canines, premolars, and first molars were measured using cone-beam computed tomography and compared between cleft and noncleft sides. Discrepancies in tooth length between sides during different developmental stages of delayed teeth were also compared. Results There were no statistically significant differences in tooth length between sides in the mandible, except for RL of lateral incisors and RL and FL of the second premolars. In the maxilla, CH, RL and FL of cleft-side incisors, as well as RL and FL of cleft-side canines and first premolars, were all significantly shorter than those on the noncleft side ( P ≤ .05). The lateral incisors showed the highest reductions in RL and FL (47% and 29%). Moreover, reduction of RL of cleft-side maxillary central incisors was most evident in the early developmental stage (23%) and decreased with dental maturation (5%). Conclusions Asymmetric dental development was presented in both jaws but mainly in maxillary anterior region. The RL deficiency of cleft-side central incisors differed at different developmental stages.
8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in urinary samples of pesticide sprayers on exposure to organophosphorus pesticides
Authors: Mishra B. P. , Badade Z. G. , Anand Bhupinder Kaur , Lingidi Jhansi Lakshmi , Jaiswal Sapna 
Published: August 2015

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">Free radicals and other reactive species are constantly generated <em>in vivo</em> and cause oxidative damage to biomolecules. DNA is probably the most biologically significant target of oxidative attack. Among numerous types of oxidative DNA damage the formation of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is a sensitive biomarker of oxidative stress, an adduct formed as a result of biochemical reaction between ROS and DNA. Chronic exposure to </span>Organophosphorus <span lang="EN-US">(OP) pesticides is implicated in many health conditions that result from the induction of oxidative stress, including cytogenetic damage. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the biochemical levels of 8-OHdG in spot urinary samples under the exposed OP pesticide sprayers and farm workers. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> In this study, 51 male pesticide sprayers and 39 farm workers in the age group of 18-47 years having exposure ranged from 3 to 15 years in duration were selected. The referents (n=31) were selected on the same criteria as well as they were never exposed to pesticides at any time. This study was conducted during the growing season (January, 2009 – September, 2010). The most commonly used OP pesticides like chlorpyriphos, Diazinon, Dimethioate, Monocrotofos etc., were used in this study. Urine samples from each participant were taken in sterile tubes and were stored at -20<sup>0</sup>C till analysed. The concentration of 8-OHdG in samples were analyzed using ELISA.<strong></strong></span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">The urinary levels of 8-OHdG were found to be significantly higher in the farm workers and pesticide sprayers in contrast to the level observed in the control group (p&lt;0.05). When the data was analyzed in the exposed groups in relation to duration of exposure it was found that both the farm workers and sprayers who were exposed to OP pesticides for less than 5 years showed the maximum mean values of 8-OHdG in comparison to those exposed to for more than 10 years.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> In view of this regular bio monitoring studies in target human populations are imperative necessary due to frequent changes in pesticide formulations and introduction of newer pesticides. Despite that several life style factors may influence the<strong> </strong>urinary concentrations of 8-OHdG but still this non-invasive bio-marker 8-OHdG is preferred over other invasive techniques to evaluate the environmental and occupational exposure effect of OP pesticides on the genotoxicity of the exposed workers.</span></p>
Flu Near You: Crowdsourced Symptom Reporting Spanning 2 Influenza Seasons
Authors: Smolinski Mark S. , Crawley Adam W. , Baltrusaitis Kristin , Chunara Rumi , Olsen Jennifer M. , Wójcik Oktawia , Santillana Mauricio , Nguyen Andre , Brownstein John S. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We summarized Flu Near You (FNY) data from the 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 influenza seasons in the United States. Methods. FNY collects limited demographic characteristic information upon registration, and prompts users each Monday to report symptoms of influenza-like illness (ILI) experienced during the previous week. We calculated the descriptive statistics and rates of ILI for the 2012–2013 and 2013–2014 seasons. We compared raw and noise-filtered ILI rates with ILI rates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ILINet surveillance system. Results. More than 61 000 participants submitted at least 1 report during the 2012–2013 season, totaling 327 773 reports. Nearly 40 000 participants submitted at least 1 report during the 2013–2014 season, totaling 336 933 reports. Rates of ILI as reported by FNY tracked closely with ILINet in both timing and magnitude. Conclusions. With increased participation, FNY has the potential to serve as a viable complement to existing outpatient, hospital-based, and laboratory surveillance systems. Although many established systems have the benefits of specificity and credibility, participatory systems offer advantages in the areas of speed, sensitivity, and scalability.
Effectiveness of Lay Health Worker Outreach in Reducing Disparities in Colorectal Cancer Screening in Vietnamese Americans
Authors: Nguyen Bang H. , Stewart Susan L. , Nguyen Tung T. , Bui-Tong Ngoc , McPhee Stephen J. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We conducted a cluster randomized controlled study of a lay health worker (LHW) intervention to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates among Vietnamese Americans, who typically have lower rates than do non-Hispanic Whites. Methods. We randomized 64 LHWs to 2 arms. Each LHW recruited 10 male or female participants who had never had CRC screening (fecal occult blood test, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy). Intervention LHWs led 2 educational sessions on CRC screening. Control LHWs led 2 sessions on healthy eating and physical activity. The main outcome was self-reported receipt of any CRC screening at 6 months after the intervention. We conducted the study from 2008 to 2013 in Santa Clara County, California. Results. A greater proportion of intervention participants (56%) than control participants (19%) reported receiving CRC screening (P < .001). When controlling for demographic characteristics, the intervention odds ratio was 5.45 (95% confidence interval = 3.02, 9.82). There was no difference in intervention effect by participant gender. Conclusions. LHW outreach was effective in increasing CRC screening in Vietnamese Americans. Randomized controlled trials are needed to test the effectiveness of LHW outreach for other populations and other health outcomes.
Discrimination and Cumulative Disease Damage Among African American Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Chae David H. , Drenkard Cristina M. , Lewis Tené T. , Lim S. Sam 
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We examined associations between unfair treatment, attributions of unfair treatment to racial discrimination, and cumulative disease damage among African American women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. We used multivariable regression models to examine SLE damage among 578 African American women in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, recruited to the Georgians Organized Against Lupus cohort. Results. When we controlled for demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related covariates, reporting any unfair treatment was associated with greater SLE damage compared with reporting no unfair treatment (b = 0.55; 95% confidence interval = 0.14, 0.97). In general, unfair treatment attributed to nonracial factors was more strongly associated with SLE damage than was unfair treatment attributed to racial discrimination, although the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions. Unfair treatment may contribute to worse disease outcomes among African American women with SLE. Unfair treatment attributed to nonracial causes may have a more pronounced negative effect on SLE damage. Future research may further examine possible differences in the effect of unfair treatment by attribution.
Rapid maxillary expansion in therapy-resistant enuretic children: An orthodontic perspective
Authors: Bazargani Farhan , Jönson-Ring Ingrid , Nevéus Tryggve 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate whether rapid maxillary expansion (RME) could reduce the frequency of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children and whether a placebo effect could be ruled out.

Methods:
Thirty-four subjects, 29 boys and five girls with mean age of 10.7 ± 1.8 years suffering from primary NE, were recruited. All subjects were nonresponders to the first-line antienuretic treatment and therefore were classified as “therapy resistant.” To rule out a placebo effect of the RME appliance, all children were first treated with a passive appliance for 4 weeks. Rhinomanometry (RM), acoustic rhinometry (AR), polysomnographic registration, and study casts were made at different time points.

Results:
One child experienced severe discomfort from the RME appliance and immediately withdrew from the study. Following RME, the long-term cure rate after 1 year was 60%. The RM and AR measurements at baseline and directly after RME showed a significant increase in nasal volume and nasal airflow, and there was a statistically significant correlation between reduction in enuresis and increase in nasal volume. Six months postretention, a 100% relapse of the dental overexpansion could be noted.

Conclusions:
RME has a curative effect in some children with NE, which could be connected to the positive influence of RME on the sleep architecture. Normal transverse occlusion does not seem to be a contraindication for moderate maxillary expansion in attempts to cure NE in children.
Estimation of distinctive mechanical properties of spark plasma sintered titanium–titanium boride composites through nano-indentation technique
Authors: Mani Selvakumar , Palanisamy Chandrasekar , Murugesan Mohanraj , Balasubramanian Ravisankar 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this paper, two titanium–titanium boride composites aiming at 20 % and 40 % (by volume) of titanium boride reinforcement were processed through spark plasma sintering. The mechanical properties such as fracture toughness, indentation creep, contact stiffness, indentation hardness and Young's modulus of the processed composites were evaluated by means of nano-indentation. The Young's modulus, indentation hardness and contact stiffness increase with the increase in volume fraction of titanium boride, while the fracture toughness and indentation creep decrease. The titanium composite with 38.5 % (by volume) titanium boride showed improved mechanical properties compared to the composite with 24 % (by volume) titanium boride reinforcement. The morphological influence of TiB reinforcement on the mechanical properties was also discussed.
Stretch Blow Molding of Mineral Filled PET
Authors: Billon N. , Haudin J.-M. , Vallot C. , Babin C. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Injection stretch blow molding (ISBM) is a two-step process that was designed and optimized mainly for unfilled PET resins. The present study focuses on stretch blow molding of a PET filled with different amounts of sub-micronic mineral fillers. The influence of fillers is analyzed thanks to DSC, DMA, tensile testing and processing in different configurations on a prototype apparatus and an industrial machine. It is demonstrated that fillers enhance crystallization kinetics, which leads to a reduction of the processing range. Differences in strain hardening induced by fillers make it necessary to adjust blowing temperature. However, the main effect occurs during the heating phase of the preforms. Temperature within a filled preform is much less homogeneous than in neat PET, making the temperature gradient totally different if the heating protocol is kept unchanged. Once the heating of filled preforms is controlled to reach equivalent temperature gradients, blowing is possible and rather equivalent to that of pure PET.
Enhanced Film Blowing of Polylactide by Incorporating Branched Chains and Stereocomplex Crystals
Authors: Nouri S. , Lafleur P. G. , Dubois C. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractChain architecture is an influential parameter in melt processing of polymeric material. In this study effect of different chain structures on polylactide (PLA) film blowing process and on the final film properties was investigated. Blends of linear PLA with three branched poly(L-lactide)s with 4-arms star shaped, comb like and hyper branched structures were prepared by twin screw extruder. In another series of blending, poly(D-lactide) of these branched structures were used to obtain stereocomplex crystal. Operating window of blends were determined in a series of film blowing process experiments with different blow up and take up ratio and results were compared to linear PLA as a reference. Moreover, different characterization techniques were applied to determine the properties of produced films. It was found that addition of branched architecture and presence of stereocomplex in a linear PLA matrix result in a greater operating window for film blowing and improve mechanical and crystallization properties of blown films.
Contrasting patterns of genetic diversity across the ranges ofPinus monticolaandP. strobus: A comparison between eastern and western North American postglacial colonization histories
Authors: Nadeau Simon , Godbout Julie , Lamothe Manuel , Gros‐Louis Marie‐Claude , Isabel Nathalie , Ritland Kermit 
Published: August 2015

•Premises of the study:Understanding the influence of recent glacial and postglacial periods on species' distributions is key for predicting the effects of future environmental changes. We investigated the influence of two physiographic landscapes on population structure and postglacial colonization of two white pine species of contrasting habitats:P. monticola, which occurs in the highly mountainous region of western North America, andP. strobus, which occurs in a much less mountainous area in eastern North America.•Methods:To characterize the patterns of genetic diversity and population structure across the ranges of both species, 158 and 153 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from expressed genes were genotyped on range‐wide samples of 61P. monticolaand 133P. strobuspopulations, respectively.•Key results:InP. monticola, a steep latitudinal decrease in genetic diversity likely resulted from postglacial colonization involving rare long‐distance dispersal (LDD) events. In contrast, no geographic patterns of diversity were detected inP. strobus, suggesting recolonization via a gradually advancing front or frequent LDD events. For each species,structureanalyses identified two distinct southern and northern genetic groups that likely originated from two different glacial lineages. At a finer scale, and for the two species, smaller subgroups were detected that could be remnants of cryptic refugia.•Conclusion:During postglacial colonization, the western and eastern North American landscapes had different impacts on genetic signatures inP. monticolacompared withP. strobus. We discuss the importance of our findings for conservation programs and predictions of species' response to climate change.
Clinical Outcomes After Implantation of a Trifocal Toric Intraocular Lens
Authors: Kretz Florian T. A. , Breyer Detlev , Klabe Karsten , Hagen Phillipp , Kaymak Hakan , Koss Michael J. , Gerl Matthias , Mueller Matthias , Gerl Ralf H. , Auffarth Gerd U. 
Published: August 2015

PURPOSE:
To evaluate the visual, refractive, and contrast sensitivity outcomes, as well as the level of photic phenomena, after cataract surgery with implantation of a trifocal diffractive toric intraocular lens (IOL).

METHODS:
This prospective study included 56 eyes with corneal astigmatism of 1.00 diopters (D) or greater of 28 patients (age: 23 to 78 years) undergoing cataract surgery with implantation of the trifocal toric IOL AT LISA tri toric 939MP (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). Monocular and binocular visual outcomes, refractive changes, contrast sensitivity, and photic phenomena perception (Halo & Glare Simulator; Eyeland-Design Network GmbH, Vreden, Germany) were evaluated at 3 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Mean 3-month postoperative monocular uncorrected distance (UDVA), intermediate (UIVA), and near (UNVA) visual acuities were 0.13 ± 0.15, 0.08 ± 0.15, and 0.13 ± 0.18 logMAR, respectively. Binocular postoperative CDVA, DCIVA, and DCNVA values were 0.10 logMAR or better in all cases. A total of 88.2%, 88.2%, and 95.5% of eyes achieved binocular UDVA, UIVA, and UNVA values of 0.20 logMAR or better, respectively. Postoperative refractive cylinder was 0.50 D or less and 1.00 D or less in 78.6% and 98.2% of eyes, respectively. Photopic contrast sensitivity was significantly better than mesopic values for the spatial frequencies of 6 (
P
= .007), 12 (
P
= .005), and 18 cycles/degree (
P
= .011). Mean size and intensity of halos were 50.67 ± 15.69 and 54.89 ± 17.86, respectively. Mean glare size and intensity were 39.67 ± 3.51 and 44.67 ± 15.01, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:
The evaluated trifocal diffractive toric IOL provides an effective restoration of the distance, intermediate, and near vision after cataract surgery with good levels of visual quality and minimal photic phenomena.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(8):504–510.]
Transcription Factor Repertoire of Homeostatic Eosinophilopoiesis
Authors: Bouffi Carine , Kartashov Andrey V. , Schollaert Kaila L. , Chen Xiaoting , Bacon W. Clark , Weirauch Matthew T. , Barski Artem , Fulkerson Patricia C. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The production of mature eosinophils (Eos) is a tightly orchestrated process with the aim to sustain normal Eos levels in tissues while also maintaining low numbers of these complex and sensitive cells in the blood. To identify regulators of homeostatic eosinophilopoiesis in mice, we took a global approach to identify genome-wide transcriptome and epigenome changes that occur during homeostasis at critical developmental stages, including Eos-lineage commitment and lineage maturation. Our analyses revealed a markedly greater number of transcriptome alterations associated with Eos maturation (1199 genes) than with Eos-lineage commitment (490 genes), highlighting the greater transcriptional investment necessary for differentiation. Eos-lineage–committed progenitors (EoPs) were noted to express high levels of granule proteins and contain granules with an ultrastructure distinct from that of mature resting Eos. Our analyses also delineated a 976-gene Eos-lineage transcriptome that included a repertoire of 56 transcription factors, many of which have never previously been associated with Eos. EoPs and Eos, but not granulocyte-monocyte progenitors or neutrophils, expressed Helios and Aiolos, members of the Ikaros family of transcription factors, which regulate gene expression via modulation of chromatin structure and DNA accessibility. Epigenetic studies revealed a distinct distribution of active chromatin marks between genes induced with lineage commitment and genes induced with cell maturation during Eos development. In addition, Aiolos and Helios binding sites were significantly enriched in genes expressed by EoPs and Eos with active chromatin, highlighting a potential novel role for Helios and Aiolos in regulating gene expression during Eos development.
Os desafios teórico-metodológicos do Ensino de Sociologia no Ensino Médio
Authors: Oliveira Amurabi 
Published: August 2015

Com o processo de reintrodução da Sociologia na Educação Básica em 2008, muito tem se debatido sobre o Ensino desta ciência nas escolas. No entanto, devido à própriaausência de uma tradição da Sociologia no currículo escolar, a discussão ainda é incipiente e restrita a uma pequena comunidade de pesquisadores. Uma das questões relevantes que emergem ante a esse novo cenário é sobre quais os desafios para a prática docente do professor de Sociologia, nesse sentido, visa-se contribuir para essa discussão por meio de uma re# exão articulada em dois níveis: o primeiro remete aos desafios teóricos, o segundo aos desa! os metodológicos do Ensino de Sociologia. Para tanto, recorre-se principalmente à obra de Giddens para compreender a relação entre o conhecimento sociológico e o senso comum, questão, que em nosso entender, mostra-se de suma relevância para o Ensino da Sociologia na realidade escolar. Neste trabalho chama-se a atenção para o fato de que a proximidade com o senso comum abre um campo de possibilidades, mas também se constitui como um desa! o para o docente, considerando a “dupla hermenêutica” da Sociologia, o que se apresenta tanto no nívelteórico quanto metodológico.