bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARING PROACTIVE AND REACTIVE MANAGEMENT: MANAGING A TRANSBOUNDARY FISH STOCK UNDER CHANGING ENVIRONMENT
Authors: LIU XIAOZI , HEINO MIKKO 
Published: May 2013

AbstractEnvironmental change in general, and climate change in particular, can lead to changes in distribution of fish stocks. When such changes involve transboundary fish stocks, the countries sharing the stock need to reconsider their harvesting policies. We investigate the effects of changing stock distribution on the optimal fishing policies in a two players’ noncooperative game. We compare reactive management, under which the manager ignores future distributional shifts (knowingly or unknowingly), with proactive management where the manager considers such shifts in his decisions. A dynamic programming model is developed to identify closed‐loop Nash strategies. We show that the role of two players is symmetric under reactive management but asymmetric under proactive management where managers anticipate future changes in stock ownership. The player losing the stock tends to harvest more aggressively compared to the player gaining the stock who acts more conservatively. Strategic interactions show tendency for complementary actions that can change abruptly during the ownership transition. The differences between management regimes vary from quantitative to qualitative; differences are minimal for stocks with little or no schooling, whereas highly schooling stocks may avoid collapse only under proactive management.
Comparison of the Kinetics of Electron Transfer in the Diffusion Limit for the Singlet and Triplet Quenching of Eosin Y by Quinones
Authors: Bertolotti Sonia G. , Montejano Hernán A. , Previtali Carlos M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractElectron transfer (ET) rate constants were determined by means of lifetime measurements for the fluorescence quenching and by laser flash photolysis for the triplet quenching of the dye eosin Y by benzoquinones in acetonitrile. The results represent a new aspect of the dependence of the rate constants with the driving force in the diffusion limit region. That is, the rate constants for singlet quenching in the highly negative region of ΔGet do not decrease as predicted by Marcus theory, but rather show a small positive dependence on the driving force. However, it is found that, in the same free energy range, the triplet rate constants are lower than those for the singlet process. They also increase with the exergonicity of the reaction, but the dependence with ΔGet is less marked than that found for the singlet reaction. Even at a Gibbs energy change of −1.0 eV the triplet quenching rate constants do not reach the theoretical diffusion limit. The results are analyzed using the current theories for diffusion‐mediated ET reactions.
BiVO4‐Silica Composites Containing Cobalt Phthalocyanine Groups: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Photodegradation of 2,4,6‐Trichlorophenol
Authors: Golmojdeh Hosein , Zanjanchi Mohammad A. , Arvand Majid 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBiVO4‐Silica composites were prepared and grafted with sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine. The structural and chemical properties including crystalline phase, specific surface area, UV–Visible diffuse reflectance behavior, morphology and photocatalytic activity were investigated. Depending on the silica content and subsequently amounts of loaded phthalocyanine, various catalytic activities were observed. The sample containing nominal 15% silica and grafted with phthalocyanine showed less aggregated form of this organic dye, smaller and nanometric particles, and higher photocatalytic activity in degradation of 2,4,6‐trichlorophenol.
The transforming growth factor‐β–bone morphogenetic protein type signalling pathway in pulmonary vascular homeostasis and disease
Authors: Upton Paul D. , Morrell Nicholas W. 
Published: May 2013

New Findings
What is the topic of this review?This review summarises our current knowledge of dysregulated bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGFβ1) signalling in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
What advances does it highlight?Reduced expression of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type II receptor is common to the monocrotaline (MCT‐PAH) and hypoxic rat models of pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, reduced BMP signalling and enhanced transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGFβ1) signalling is observed only in MCT‐PAH. Furthermore, TGFβ1 receptor blockade blocks MCT‐PAH, but not hypoxic PH. Transforming growth factor‐β1 inhibits BMP signalling in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells.
Germ‐line mutations in the bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR2; BMPR‐II) gene, a transforming growth factor‐β (TGFβ) receptor superfamily member, cause the majority of cases of heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a subset of pulmonary hypertension (PH) disorders, which also encompass hypoxia‐related lung diseases. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), via BMPR‐II, activate the canonical Smad1/5/9 pathway, whereas TGFβs (TGFβ1–3) activate the Smad2/3 pathway via the ALK5 receptor. Dysregulated TGFβ1 signalling is pathogenic in fibrotic diseases. We compared two rat PH models, monocrotaline‐induced PAH (MCT‐PAH) and chronic normobaric hypoxia (fractional inspired O2 10%), to address whether BMPR‐II loss is common to PH and permits pathogenic TGFβ1 signalling. Both models exhibited reduced lung BMPR‐II expression, but increased TGFβ1 signalling and decreased BMP signalling were observed only in MCT‐PAH. Furthermore, a pharmacological ALK5 inhibitor prevented disease progression in the MCT‐PAH model, but not in hypoxia. In vitro studies using human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells showed that TGFβ1 directly inhibits BMP–Smad signalling. In conclusion, BMPR‐II loss is common to the hypoxic and MCT‐PAH models, but systemic ALK5 inhibition is effective only in the MCT model, highlighting a specific role for TGFβ1 in vascular remodelling in MCT‐PAH, potentially via direct inhibition of BMP signalling.
Preconditioning with Cations Increases the Attachment of Anoxybacillus flavithermus and Geobacillus Species to Stainless Steel
Authors: Somerton Ben , Flint Steve , Palmer Jon , Brooks John , Lindsay Denise 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Preconditioning of
Anoxybacillus flavithermus
E16 and
Geobacillus
sp. strain F75 with cations prior to attachment often significantly increased (
P
≤ 0.05) the number of viable cells that attached to stainless steel (by up to 1.5 log CFU/cm
2
) compared with unconditioned bacteria. It is proposed that the transition of
A. flavithermus
and
Geobacillus
spp. from milk formulations to stainless steel product contact surfaces in milk powder manufacturing plants is mediated predominantly by bacterial physiological factors (e.g., surface-exposed adhesins) rather than the concentrations of cations in milk formulations surrounding bacteria.
An MDCK Cell Culture-Derived Formalin-Inactivated Influenza Virus Whole-Virion Vaccine from an Influenza Virus Library Confers Cross-Protective Immunity by Intranasal Administration in Mice
Authors: Haredy Ahmad M. , Takenaka Nobuyuki , Yamada Hiroshi , Sakoda Yoshihiro , Okamatsu Masatoshi , Yamamoto Naoki , Omasa Takeshi , Ohtake Hisao , Mori Yasuko , Kida Hiroshi , Yamanishi Koichi , Okamoto Shigefumi 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTIt is currently impossible to predict the next pandemic influenza virus strain. We have thus established a library of influenza viruses of all hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes and their genes. In this article, we examine the applicability of a rapid production model for the preparation of vaccines against emerging pandemic influenza viruses. This procedure utilizes the influenza virus library, cell culture-based vaccine production, and intranasal administration to induce a cross-protective immune response. First, an influenza virus reassortant from the library, A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-3/2007 (H5N1), was passaged 22 times (P22) in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. The P22 virus had a titer of >2 ×108PFU/ml, which was 40 times that of the original strain, with 4 point mutations, which altered amino acids in the deduced protein sequences encoded by the PB2 and PA genes. We then produced a formalin-inactivated whole-virion vaccine from the MDCK cell-cultured A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-3/2007 (H5N1) P22 virus. Intranasal immunization of mice with this vaccine protected them against challenges with lethal influenza viruses of homologous and heterologous subtypes. We further demonstrated that intranasal immunization with the vaccine induced cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses against the homotypic H5N1 influenza virus and its antigenic variants and cross-reactive cell-mediated immune responses to the homologous virus, its variants within a subtype, and even an influenza virus of a different subtype. These results indicate that a rapid model for emergency vaccine production may be effective for producing the next generation of pandemic influenza virus vaccines.
Polyclonal Outbreak of KPC-3-Producing Enterobacter cloacae at a Single Hospital in Montréal, Québec, Canada
Authors: Haraoui Louis-Patrick , Lévesque Simon , Lefebvre Brigitte , Blanchette Ruth , Tomkinson Melissa , Mataseje Laura , Mulvey Michael R. , Miller Mark A. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

From September 2010 to December 2011, 26 KPC-3-producing
Enterobacter cloacae
isolates were identified from 16 patients at a single hospital. Analyses revealed the
bla
KPC
gene to be localized on multiple plasmids in a diverse nonclonal
E. cloacae
genetic background. These findings highlight the potential complexity of a KPC outbreak at a single hospital.
Functional Similarity between E6 Proteins of Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses and the Adenovirus E1A Tumor-Restraining Module
Authors: Kuppuswamy Mohan , Subramanian T. , Kostas-Polston Elizabeth , Vijayalingam S. , Zhao Ling-jun , Varvares Mark , Chinnadurai G. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
The adenovirus E1A C-terminal region restrains oncogenic transformation through interaction with three distinct cellular protein complexes that include the DYRK1A/1B/HAN11 complex. The E6 proteins of beta-human papillomaviruses (beta-HPVs) also interact with the DYRK1/HAN11 complex. A variant of HPV5 E6 frequently found in epidermodysplasia verruciformis skin lesions interacted less efficiently with DYRK1A/HAN11. The E6 variant and E7 of HPV5 efficiently coimmortalized primary epithelial cells, suggesting that naturally arising variants may contribute potential oncogenic activities of beta-HPV E6 proteins.
Induction of an Antiviral State and Attenuated Coxsackievirus Replication in Type III Interferon-Treated Primary Human Pancreatic Islets
Authors: Lind Katharina , Richardson Sarah J. , Leete Pia , Morgan Noel G. , Korsgren Olle , Flodström-Tullberg Malin 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Type III interferons (IFNs), also called lambda interferons (IFN-λ), comprise three isoforms, IFN-λ1 (interleukin-29 [IL-29]), IFN-λ2 (IL-28A), and IFN-λ3 (IL-28B). Only limited information is available on their expression and biological functions in humans. Type I and type II IFNs protect human pancreatic islets against coxsackievirus infection, and this is important since such viruses have been proposed to play a role in the development of human type 1 diabetes. Here we investigated whether type III IFN is expressed during infection of human islet cells with coxsackievirus and if type III IFN regulates permissiveness to such infections. We show that human islets respond to a coxsackievirus serotype B3 (CVB3) infection by inducing the expression of type III IFNs. We also demonstrate that islet endocrine cells from nondiabetic individuals express the type III IFN receptor subunits IFN-λR1 and IL-10R2. Pancreatic alpha cells express both receptor subunits, while pancreatic beta cells express only IL-10R2. Type III IFN stimulation elicited a biological response in human islets as indicated by the upregulated expression of antiviral genes as well as pattern recognition receptors. We also show that type III IFN significantly reduces CVB3 replication. Our studies reveal that type III IFNs are expressed during CVB3 infection and that the expression of the type III IFN receptor by the human pancreatic islet allows this group of IFNs to regulate the islets' permissiveness to infection. Our novel observations suggest that type III IFNs may regulate viral replication and thereby contribute to reduced tissue damage and promote islet cell survival during coxsackievirus infection.
Body mass index and perioperative complications after oesophagectomy for adenocarcinoma: a systematic database review
Authors: Melis Marcovalerio , Weber Jill , Shridhar Ravi , Hoffe Sarah , Almhanna Khaldoun , Karl Richard C , Meredith Kenneth L 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveGiven the increasing rate of obesity, the effects of excessive body weight on surgical outcomes constitute a relevant quality of care concern. Our aim was to determine the relationship between preoperative body mass index (BMI) on perioperative complications after oesophagectomy for adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus.DesignRetrospective database review.SettingSingle institution high volume oncological tertiary care referral centre.ParticipantsFrom our comprehensive oesophageal cancer database consisting of 709 patients, we stratified patients according to BMI: 155 normal-weight (BMI 20–24), 198 overweight (BMI 25–29) and 187 obese (BMI ≥30) patients.InterventionsAll patients underwent oesophagectomy for cancer.Primary and secondary outcome measuresIncidences of preoperative risk factors and perioperative complications in each group were analysed.ResultsThe patient cohort consisted of 474 men and 66 women with a mean age of 64.3 years (28–86). They were similar in terms of demographics and comorbidities, with the exception of a younger age (65.2 vs 65.4 vs 62.5 years, p=0.0094), and a higher incidence of diabetes (9.1% vs 13.2% vs 22.7%, p=0.001), hiatal hernia (16.8% vs 17.8% vs 28.8%, p=0.009) and Barrett oesophagus (24.7% vs 25.4% vs 36.2%, p=0.025) for obese patients. The type of surgery performed, overall blood loss, extent of lymphadenectomy, R0 resections and complications were not influenced by BMI on univariate and multivariate analysis.ConclusionsIn our experience, patients with an elevated BMI and oesophageal adenocarcinoma do not experience an increase in morbidity and mortality after oesophagectomy as stated in previous reports, when performed at a high volume centre. Additionally, BMI did not affect the quality of oncological resection as determined by number of harvested lymph-nodes and rates of R0 resections.Trial RegistrationMCC 15030, IRB 105286.
A cross-sectional survey of healthcare professionals to determine what they believe constitutes ‘specialist’ care for teenage and young adult patients with cancer
Authors: Birch Rebecca J , Morris Eva J A , West Robert M , Stark Dan P , Lewis Ian , Morgan Sue , Feltbower Richard G 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesTo examine the attitudes of UK healthcare professionals towards what they believe constitutes specialist care for teenage and young adult (TYA) patients with cancer, to determine which factors they considered to be the most important components of specialist TYA care, and whether opinion varied between clinical specialties and reflected the drivers for care improvements within National Health Service (NHS) policy.Design and methodsThe study utilised a cross-sectional survey, using Likert scales, to assess attitudes towards specialist care. Responses were grouped using model-based clustering methods implemented in LatentGold 4.5.SettingParticipants from 98 NHS trusts in the UK were invited to participate in the study.Participants691 healthcare professionals involved in the management of TYA patients were approached; of these, 338 responded.Results338 healthcare professionals responded (51.9% of those invited). Responses were grouped into three clusters according to the pattern of responses to the questions. One cluster rated age-appropriate care above all else, the second rated both age and site-appropriate care highly while the third assigned more importance to site-specific care. Overall, the psychosocial and supportive aspects of care were rated highest while statements relating to factors known to be important (access to clinical trials, treatment at a high volume centre and specialist diagnostics) were not rated as highly as expected.ConclusionsAttitudes varied widely between professionals treating TYA patients with cancer as to what constitutes key aspects of specialist care. Further work is needed to quantify the extent to which this influences practice.
Influenza-like illness in acute myocardial infarction patients during the winter wave of the influenza A H1N1 pandemic in London: a case–control study
Authors: Warren-Gash Charlotte , Geretti Anna Maria , Hamilton George , Rakhit Roby D , Smeeth Liam , Hayward Andrew C 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate recent respiratory and influenza-like illnesses (ILIs) in acute myocardial infarction patients compared with patients hospitalised for acute non-vascular surgical conditions during the second wave of the 2009 influenza A H1N1 pandemic.DesignCase–control study.SettingCoronary care unit, acute cardiology and acute surgical admission wards in a major teaching hospital in London, UK.Participants134 participants (70 cases and 64 controls) aged ≥40 years hospitalised for acute myocardial infarction and acute surgical conditions between 21 September 2009 and 28 February 2010, frequency-matched for gender, 5-year age-band and admission week.Primary exposureILI (defined as feeling feverish with either a cough or sore throat) within the last month.Secondary exposuresAcute respiratory illness within the last month not meeting ILI criteria; nasopharyngeal and throat swab positive for influenza virus.Results29 of 134 (21.6%) participants reported respiratory illness within the last month, of whom 13 (9.7%) had illnesses meeting ILI criteria. The most frequently reported category for timing of respiratory symptom onset was 8–14 days before admission (31% of illnesses). Cases were more likely than controls to report ILI—adjusted OR 3.17 (95% CI 0.61 to 16.47)—as well as other key respiratory symptoms, and were less likely to have received influenza vaccination—adjusted OR 0.46 (95% CI 0.19 to 1.12)—although the differences were not statistically significant. No swabs were positive for influenza virus.ConclusionsPoint estimates suggested that recent ILI was more common in patients hospitalised with acute myocardial infarction than with acute surgical conditions during the second wave of the influenza A H1N1 pandemic, and influenza vaccination was associated with cardioprotection, although the findings were not statistically significant. The study was underpowered, partly because the age groups typically affected by acute myocardial infarction had low rates of infection with the pandemic influenza strain compared with seasonal influenza.
Do social interactions explain ethnic differences in psychological distress and the protective effect of local ethnic density? A cross-sectional study of 226 487 adults in Australia
Authors: Feng Xiaoqi , Astell-Burt Thomas , Kolt Gregory S 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundA frequently proposed, but under-researched hypothesis is that ethnic density benefits mental health through increasing social interactions. We examined this hypothesis in 226 487 adults from 19 ethnic groups aged 45 years and older in Australia.MethodsMultilevel logit regression was used to measure the association between ethnicity, social interactions, own-group ethnic density and scores of 22+ on the Kessler scale of psychological distress. Self-reported ancestry was used as a proxy for ethnicity. Measures of social interactions included a number of times in the past week were (i) spent with friends or family participants did not live with; (ii) talked to someone on the telephone; (iii) attended meetings of social groups and (iv) how many people could be relied upon outside their home, but within 1 h of travel. Per cent own-group ethnic density was measured at the Census Collection District scale.ResultsPsychological distress was reported by 11% of Australians born in Australia. The risk of experiencing psychological distress varied among ethnic minorities and by country of birth (eg, 33% for the Lebanese born in Lebanon and 4% for the Swiss born in Switzerland). These differences remained after full adjustment. Social interactions varied between ethnic groups and were associated with lower psychological distress and ethnic density. Ethnic density was associated with reduced psychological distress for some groups. This association, however, was explained by individual and neighbourhood characteristics and not by social interactions.ConclusionsSocial interactions are important correlates of mental health, but fully explain neither the ethnic differences in psychological distress nor the protective effect of own-group density.
AMPK: A Contextual Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor?
Authors: Liang Jiyong , Mills Gordon B. 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functions to monitor and maintain energy homeostasis at the cellular and organism level. AMPK was perceived historically primarily as a component of the LKB1/STK11 tumor suppressor (LKB1 mutations cause the Peutz-Jegher cancer predisposition syndrome) cascade upstream of the TSC1/2/mTOR pathway and thus likely to be a tumor suppressor. However, AMPK has recently been shown to promote cancer cell survival in the face of extrinsic and intrinsic stressors including bioenergetic, growth factor, and oncogene stress compatible with studies showing that AMPK is required for oncogenic transformation. Thus, whether AMPK acts as a bona fide tumor suppressor or a contextual oncogene and, of particular importance, whether AMPK should be targeted for activation or inhibition during cancer therapy, is controversial and requires clarification. We aim to initiate discussions of these critical questions by reviewing the role of AMPK with an emphasis on cancer cell adaptation to microenvironment stress and therapeutic intervention. Cancer Res; 73(10); 2929–35. ©2013 AACR.
The Changing Mutational Landscape of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Larsson Connie A. , Cote Gilbert , Quintás-Cardama Alfonso 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Over the past few years, large-scale genomic studies of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) have unveiled recurrent somatic mutations in genes involved in epigenetic regulation (DNMT3A, IDH1/2, TET2, ASXL1, EZH2 and MLL) and the spliceosomal machinery (SF3B1, U2AF1, SRSF2, ZRSR2, SF3A1, PRPF40B, U2AF2, and SF1). The identification of these mutations and their impact on prognostication has led to improvements in risk-stratification strategies and has also provided new potential targets for the treatment of these myeloid malignancies. In this review, we discuss the most recently identified genetic abnormalities described in MDS and AML and appraise the current status quo of the dynamics of acquisition of mutant alleles in the pathogenesis of AML, during the transformation from MDS to AML, and in the context of relapse after conventional chemotherapy.
Implications: Identification of somatic mutations in AML and MDS suggests new targets for therapeutic development. Mol Cancer Res; 11(8); 815–27. ©2013 AACR.