bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Height unification using GOCE
Authors: Rummel R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWith the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) (preferably combined with the gravity field and climate experiment (GRACE)) a new generation of geoid models will become available for use in height determination. These models will be globally consistent, accurate (<3 cm) and with a spatial resolution up to degree and order 200, when expressed in terms of a spherical harmonic expansion. GOCE is a mission of the European Space Agency (ESA). It is the first satellite equipped with a gravitational gradiometer, in the case of GOCE it measures the gradient components Vxx , Vyy, Vzzand Vxz. The GOCE gravitational sensor system comprises also a geodetic global positioning system (GPS)-receiver, three star sensors and ion-thrusters for drag compensation in flight direction. GOCE was launched in March 2009 and will fly till the end of 2013. Several gravity models have been derived from its data, their maximum degree is typically between 240 and 250. In summer 2012 a first re-processing of all level-1b data took place. One of the science objectives of GOCE is the unification of height systems. The existing height offsets among the datum zones can be determined by least-squares adjustment. This requires several precise geodetic reference points available in each height datum zone, physical heights from spirit levelling (plus gravimetry), the GOCE geoid and, in addition, short wavelength geoid refinement from terrestrial gravity anomalies. GOCE allows for important simplifications of the functional and stochastic part of the adjustment model. The future trend will be the direct determination of physical heights (orthometric as well as normal) from precise global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-positioning in combination with a next generation combined satellite-terrestrial high-resolution geoid model.
Unification of European height system realizations
Authors: Rülke A. , Liebsch G. , Sacher M. , Schäfer U. , Schirmer U. , Ihde J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA suitable representation of the regional gravity field is used to estimate relative offsets between national height system realizations in Europe. The method used is based on a gravimetric approach and benefits from the significant improvements in the determination of the global gravity field by the recent satellite gravity missions the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorerr (GOCE). The potential of these missions for the unification of height reference frames is analyzed in terms of accuracy and spatial resolution. The results of the gravimetric approach are compared to the independent results of the geodetic leveling approach. Advantages and drawbacks of both methods are discussed.
Intercontinental height datum connection with GOCE and GPS-levelling data
Authors: Gruber T. , Gerlach C. , Haagmans R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this study an attempt is made to establish height system datum connections based upon a gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) gravity field model and a set of global positioning system (GPS) and levelling data. The procedure applied in principle is straightforward. First local geoid heights are obtained point wise from GPS and levelling data. Then the mean of these geoid heights is computed for regions nominally referring to the same height datum. Subsequently, these local mean geoid heights are compared with a mean global geoid from GOCE for the same region. This way one can identify an offset of the local to the global geoid per region. This procedure is applied to a number of regions distributed worldwide. Results show that the vertical datum offset estimates strongly depend on the nature of the omission error, i.e. the signal not represented in the GOCE model. For a smooth gravity field the commission error of GOCE, the quality of the GPS and levelling data and the averaging control the accuracy of the vertical datum offset estimates. In case the omission error does not cancel out in the mean value computation, because of a sub-optimal point distribution or a characteristic behaviour of the omitted part of the geoid signal, one needs to estimate a correction for the omission error from other sources. For areas with dense and high quality ground observations the EGM2008 global model is a good choice to estimate the omission error correction in theses cases. Relative intercontinental height datum offsets are estimated by applying this procedure between the United State of America (USA), Australia and Germany. These are compared to historical values provided in the literature and computed with the same procedure. The results obtained in this study agree on a level of 10 cm to the historical results. The changes mainly can be attributed to the new global geoid information from GOCE, rather than to the ellipsoidal heights or the levelled heights. These historical levelling data are still in use in many countries. This conclusion is supported by other results on the validation of the GOCE models.
Spanish Version of the Broome Pelvic Muscle Self-Efficacy Scale: Validity and Reliability
Authors: Medrano Sánchez Esther M. , Suárez Serrano Carmen M. , De la Casa Almeida María , Díaz Mohedo Esther , Chillón Martínez Raquel 
Published: August 2013

Background
Self-efficacy appears to be an important predictor of functional recovery for women with urinary incontinence, but no specific Spanish-language questionnaires for measuring pelvic-floor exercise self-efficacy exist.

Objective
The aim of this study was to design a valid and reliable Spanish version of the Broome Pelvic Muscle Self-Efficacy Scale to measure self-efficacy, as perceived by women with urinary incontinence, in performing pelvic-floor exercises.

Design
This was an observational validation study.

Methods
Translation-back translation was used to design the survey, and then the survey was validated with a sample of 119 women who were incontinent and had undergone a pelvic-floor exercise training program. The reliability and construct validity of the questionnaire were assessed. Descriptive statistics were used to score the questionnaire. Internal consistency was evaluated with the Cronbach alpha coefficient and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Exploratory factor analysis with both the principal components extraction method and the varimax rotation method was used to assess construct validity.

Results
The reliability coefficient (Cronbach alpha=.91) and the correlations among items were high. The factor analysis revealed that 6 main factors accounted for 75.8% of the variance.

Limitations
Conclusions regarding the validity of the questionnaire should be drawn with caution because of the inability to assess criterion-related validity.

Conclusions
The Spanish version of the Broome questionnaire for self-efficacy appears to be useful as a measuring tool for a psychometrically accurate, clinically relevant estimation of women's self-efficacy in performing pelvic-floor exercises.
An institutional series and literature review of pial arteriovenous fistulas in the pediatric population
Authors: Madsen Peter J. , Lang Shih-Shan , Pisapia Jared M. , Storm Phillip B. , Hurst Robert W. , Heuer Gregory G. 
Published: August 2013

Object
Pial arteriovenous fistulas (PAVFs) are a rare form of cerebrovascular disease that tend to be overrepresented in the pediatric population. There have been limited studies of the clinical features and outcomes in this group of patients. Here, the authors attempt to better delineate this clinical entity with institutional cases and a review of the literature.

Methods
A retrospective review of cases at our institution was performed to identify all pediatric patients treated for a PAVF between 2000 and 2012.

Results
Five patients treated for a PAVF were identified. Patients had a mean age of 1.9 years at diagnosis, and the most common presenting symptoms were seizure and macrocephaly. Patients were treated primarily with embolization, and 3 patients required both N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) glue and coiling. Four of the patients had complete obliteration of the PAVF and had a pediatric overall performance category score of either 1 (n = 3) or 2 (n = 1) at follow-up. There was 1 death due to heart failure. Analysis of the literature review suggested that a younger age or presence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) or congestive heart failure (CHF) at presentation likely predicts a worse prognosis. Older patients presented more often with ICH, whereas younger patients presented significantly more often in CHF. The majority of pediatric patients reported on in the literature were treated with endovascular embolization, most commonly with NBCA glue alone. Most patients (65.4%) in the literature had an excellent outcome without neurological deficit.

Conclusions
Pial AVFs represent a serious yet rare form of cerebrovascular disease. Pediatric patients with ICH or CHF at presentation or those who are very young are likely to have a worse prognosis. Endovascular management of these patients has greatly changed the natural history of this disease, but the complication and mortality rates suggest the need for continued insights and advances in treatment.
Positive predictive factors and subgroup analysis of clinically relevant improvement after anterior cervical decompression and fusion for cervical disc disease: a 10- to 13-year follow-up of a prospective randomized study
Authors: Hermansen Anna , Hedlund Rune , Vavruch Ludek , Peolsson Anneli 
Published: August 2013

Object
The main purpose of this 10- to 13-year follow-up of a prospective randomized study was to identify preoperative factors that predicted good long-term outcome after anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) with the Cloward procedure or the cervical intervertebral fusion cage. A second purpose was to investigate subgroup differences at the 10-year follow-up between patients with and without clinically relevant improvement (CRI) and between men and women.

Methods
To evaluate clinically meaningful outcomes, good outcome was defined as CRI in neck-related pain intensity (≥ 30-mm improvement on a visual analog scale), and CRI in neck-specific disability (≥ 20% improvement in the neck disability index [NDI]) from preoperative measurements to the 10-year follow-up. A total of 73 patients (77% of the original study sample) completed questionnaires at least 10 years after ACDF.

Results
High preoperative neck-related pain intensity and preoperative nonsmoking status were predictors of CRI in neck-related pain intensity, and male sex was a predictor of CRI in neck-specific disability; however, no additional predictive factors were identified for good outcome after ACDF. The surgical procedure, number of operated levels, and radiological factors such as healing status did not influence the prediction models. Individuals without CRI in neck-specific disability (75%) and pain intensity (43%) reported a worse outcome for several psychosocial outcome variables compared with those with CRI. At the 10-year follow-up, women reported significantly greater neck- and arm-related pain intensity than men, and women also reported more disability and worse psychosocial status. Women reported CRI on the NDI less frequently than men (p = 0.01).

Conclusions
Preoperative predictive factors of good outcome 10–13 years after ACDF included initial high neck-related pain intensity, nonsmoking status at the time of surgery, and male sex. There were greater improvements in pain intensity than in neck-specific disability, and the latter showed a greater association with psychosocial factors. These results suggest the need for multimodal postoperative rehabilitation for patients who do not have a satisfactory outcome after ACDF.
Trying to Optimise the German Version of the OPTION Scale Regarding the Dyadic Aspect of Shared Decision Making
Authors: Keller H. , Müller-Engelmann M. , Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M. , Krones T. , Donner-Banzhoff N. , Hirsch O. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryObjectives: The OPTION scale (“observing patient involvement in decision making”) assesses the extent to which clinicians involve patients in decisions across a range of situations in clinical practice. It so far just covers physician behavior. We intended to modify the scoring of the OPTION scale to incorpo -rate active patient behavior in consultations.Methods: Modification was done on scoring level, attempting a dyadic, relationship-centred approach in that high ratings can be evoked also by the behaviour of active patients. The German version of the OPTION scale was compared with a modified version by analysing video recordings of primary care consultations dealing with cardiovascular prevention. Fifteen general practitioners provided 40 videotaped consultations. Videos were analysed by two rater pairs and two experts in shared decision making (SDM).Results: Reliability measures of the modified version were lower than those of the original scale. Significant associations of the dichotomised scale with the expert SDM rating as well as with physicians’ expertise in SDM were only found for the modified OPTION scale. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses confirmed a valid differentiation between the presence of SDM (yes/no) on total score level, even though the cut-off point was quite low. Standard deviations of the single items in the modified version were higher compared to the original OPTION scale, while the means of total scores were similar.Conclusions: The original OPTION scale is physician-centered and neglects the activity and a possible self-involvement of the patient. Our modified instruction was able to capture the dyadic element partially. The development of a separate dyadic instrument might be more promising.
Persistent Sterile Peritoneal Inflammation after Catheter Removal for Refractory Bacterial Peritonitis Predicts Full-Blown Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis
Authors: Wong Yuk-Yi , Wong Ping-Nam , Mak Siu-Ka , Chan Shuk-Fan , Cheuk Yuen-Yi , Ho Lo-Yi , Lo Kin-Yee , Lo Man-Wai , Lo Kwok-Chi , Tong Gensy Mei-Wah , Wong Andrew Kui-Man 
Published: August 2013

Background Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is the most serious complication of peritoneal dialysis, having high morbidity and mortality. To improve outcomes, early diagnosis is needed to direct treatment during the early inflammatory phase. However, in the early inflammatory phase, clinical features are nonspecific, and no reliable diagnostic criteria have been established. Because bacterial peritonitis and termination of dialysis are two important risk factors triggering the progression of EPS, patients with refractory bacterial peritonitis necessitating dialysis catheter removal are at particularly high risk of developing EPS. Many of these patients might indeed experience non-resolving sterile peritonitis (probably the inflammatory phase of EPS) before progression to full-blown disease (that is, the presence of intestinal obstruction). We undertook a retrospective study to compare, in this particular situation, the clinical characteristics of patients with or without sterile peritoneal inflammation, assessing their clinical outcomes in terms of short-term mortality and the chance of developing full-blown EPS. Methods Our retrospective review included 62 patients whose dialysis catheter was removed because of refractory peritonitis between January 2005 and December 2010. Results Of the 62 patients identified, 39 (63%) had persistent sterile peritoneal inflammation (“high-risk” group, n = 39), and 23 (37%) had resolution of inflammation without significant intra-abdominal collection after catheter withdrawal (“control” group, n = 23). Compared with the control group, the high-risk group had a significantly longer PD duration (71.6 ± 43.3 months vs 42.3 ± 29.9 months, p = 0.003), a higher dialysate-to-plasma ratio (D/P) of creatinine (0.768 ± 0.141 vs 0.616 ± 0.091, p = 0.004), and a higher computed tomography score for EPS (7.69 ± 2.98 vs 1.00 ± 1.00, p < 0.001). During the 6-month study period, the high-risk group had a higher chance of developing full-blown EPS (31% vs 0%, p = 0.002) and a higher 6-month all-cause mortality (36% vs 4.3%, p = 0.004) Conclusions Persistent sterile peritoneal inflammation was common after dialysis catheter removal for refractory bacterial peritonitis, and the patients with such inflammation were at high risk of progression to full-blown EPS.
Mobilisations en réseaux, activisme numérique : les nouvelles attentes participatives
Authors: Urbinati Nadia , Béja Alice 
Published: August 2013

Hongrie, Islande, Italie : dans chacun de ces trois pays, la démocratie a subi de profondes transformations ces derniers temps, dans des sens différents (vers l’autoritarisme ou la participation). Ces expérimentations démocratiques, souvent associées à l’utilisation des nouvelles technologies, font émerger une forme de « démocratie représentative en direct » qui se construit contre les partis, et peut être aussi bien séduisante qu’inquiétante.
Revendications en hausse, représentation en baisse
Authors: Miquet-Marty François , Sommier Isabelle , Béja Alice , Padis Marc-Olivier 
Published: August 2013

Les partis peuvent-ils se « ressourcer » grâce aux mouvements sociaux ? Engagement partisan et engagement non partisan ne sont pas forcément incompatibles, mais on constate aujourd’hui que les partis politiques, refermés sur eux-mêmes, ne semblent pas en mesure de capter les revendications exprimées par les citoyens dans d’autres lieux et d’autres structures.
Carnet de route en Géorgie
Authors: Maurice Antoine 
Published: August 2013

Nostalgie du soviétisme, résistance à la pression russe, développement de l’économie de marché et du tourisme : la Géorgie est encore en transition, une transition qui, bien qu’elle favorise des réformes économiques et infrastructurelles, n’influe guère sur les représentations historiques.
La « chair souffrante de l’humanité »
Authors: Carasso Françoise 
Published: August 2013

Germaine Tillion et Charlotte Delbo, toutes deux résistantes, furent toutes deux déportées à Ravensbrück. Elles ont chacune voulu rendre compte de ce qu’elles avaient vécu, refusant un certain discours qui voulait que l’expérience des camps fût « indicible ». Chacune à sa manière, Tillion plus historienne, Delbo plus poétique, elles ont trouvé une écriture, pour faire savoir, pour rechercher, autant que possible, la vérité.
Effects of body size and prey quality on the reproductive attributes of two aphidophagous Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) species
Authors: Bista Mahadev , Omkar  
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn the present study, effects of body size and prey quality on reproductive attributes and longevity of two aphidophagous Coccinellidae (Coleoptera), Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus) and Coccinella transversalis Fabricius, have been investigated in laboratory conditions. Higher fecundity, egg fertility, and longevity were obtained in larger females of C. septempunctata on pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and in C. transversalis on bean aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Males of C. septempunctata survived longer than those of C. transversalis on both prey. Number of clutches was lower and clutch size was higher in early and late reproductive phase; the reverse was observed in the middle of the reproductive phase. Larger females of C. septempunctata and C. transversalis laid higher number of clutches than the smaller ones. Thus, both body size and prey quality affect reproductive performance in Coccinellidae, though size variation did not change the prey preference.
Delimitation and management of emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae): case study at an outlier infestation in southwestern New York State, United States of America
Authors: Fierke M.K. , Whitmore M.C. , Foelker C. , Vandenberg J.D. , Carlson J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe present a case study in which we developed an adaptive delimitation technique and implemented and evaluated management of emerald ash borer (EAB),Agrilus planipennisFairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), in the first infestation discovered in New York State, United States of America. Delimitation was accomplished using 106 girdled “sentinel” trees and management included girdling 18 clusters of trees as population “sinks” to attract EAB and concentrate larvae for removal. Weekly monitoring of traps hung in sentinel trees facilitated early detection of EAB on 12 trees and allowed deployment of additional sentinels and sinks. Sentinel trees were felled and debarked; 12 were positive for EAB larvae and the spatial extent of infestation estimated at ∼48 km2. Sinks nearest the infestation core had the highest numbers of larvae. Larval densities were significantly greater in girdled trees than in proximate ungirdled trees suggesting removal of girdled trees prior to the following year's emergence would lower local EAB densities. Sinks deployed in response to an EAB on a sentinel tree purple prism trap more than 0.6 km from the centre of the known infestation were negative for EAB indicating these would not be effective for managing an infestation of similar size and in similar habitats. This case study provides valuable information to land managers to facilitate delimitation and management of newly discovered EAB infestations.
Immunobiology and Conflicting Roles of the Human NKG2D Lymphocyte Receptor and Its Ligands in Cancer
Authors: El-Gazzar Ahmed , Groh Veronika , Spies Thomas 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Cancers adopt diverse strategies to safeguard their survival, which often involve blinding or incapacitating the immune response, thereby gaining battleground advantage against the host. In immune responses against cancer, an important stimulatory lymphocyte receptor is NKG2D because the tumor-associated expression of its ligands promotes destruction of malignant cells. However, with advanced human cancers profound changes unfold wherein NKG2D and its ligands are targeted or exploited for immune evasion and suppression. This negative imprinting on the immune system may be accompanied by another functional state wherein cancer cells coopt expression of NKG2D to complement the presence of its ligands for self-stimulation of tumor growth and presumably malignant progression. This review emphasizes these conflicting functional dynamics at the immunity–cancer biology interface in humans, within an overview of the immunobiology of NKG2D and mechanisms underlying the regulation of its ligands in cancer, with reference to instructive clinical observations and translational approaches.