bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children – A serious emerging syndrome
Authors: Nazareth Samantha Valeni , Tauro Preetham Philip 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of the study was to determine the clinical features, treatment received, and outcomes of severely ill children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).

Methods:
The study was a retrospective observation carried out at a pediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital. The baseline history, investigations, treatment received, and outcomes of the disease in 14 critically ill children, who were diagnosed with MIS-C, were surveyed from October 2020 to January 2022.

Results:
There were 14 children who were diagnosed with MIS-C. All children received intensive care treatment and 7 children received a combination of steroid therapy and intravenous immunoglobulin. Out of 14 children, 12 of them survived and 2 expired.

Conclusion:
For children who are diagnosed with MIS-C, the outcome was good if detected early and treated on time.
A case report of subdiaphragmatic right kidney as a positional variant of cephalad renal ectopia
Authors: Reddy Chandana A. , Balasundaram Suganitha , Kulkarni Vasudha 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Renal ectopia refers to the abnormal position of the kidney outside the renal fossa. It may be in sacral, lumbar, thoracic, or subdiaphragmatic regions, of which the latter is extremely rare and may be associated with congenital abnormalities. High renal ectopia is a rare disease that affects 1 in every 22 ectopic kidney occurrences. During the routine cadaveric dissection of a 50-year-old male, we observed an uncommon case of high ascent of the right kidney, up to the bare area of liver. The right kidney was normal in size and shape, and received a renal artery positioned obliquely, 3 mm below the origin of the left renal artery and its vein drained into the hepatic portion of the inferior venacava (IVC). Knowledge about the variations in the positions of the kidneys is very important as cephalad ectopic kidney may pose a challenge for surgical and interventional procedures.
Rosuvastatin-induced acute hepatitis: Insights from clinical experience on drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Poojary Bhavya , Jose Josmi , Nagpavan S R , Dhalayat Farahanaz Umarfaruk 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
In the field of cardiovascular health, rosuvastatin, a potent statin, holds significance as it aids in lowering cholesterol levels and mitigating the risk of cardiovascular diseases. While generally well tolerated, it is not without side effects. Common adverse reactions exist, and rare severe events such as liver injury and myopathy can occur. This case report sheds light on a specific incident involving a 49-year-old male patient who presented with a range of distressing symptoms, including loose motion, fever accompanied by chills, vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, and disrupted sleep. Following an extensive investigation encompassing the patient’s medical history and laboratory tests, a diagnosis of drug-induced acute hepatitis was established, with rosuvastatin identified as the causative agent. Consequently, the statin therapy was promptly discontinued, and the patient was provided with symptomatic treatment until the liver-related investigations returned to normal. This case report underscores the paramount importance of diligent monitoring and surveillance in identifying and managing potential adverse effects associated with statin therapy, thereby safeguarding patient well-being and ensuring their safety.
Readiness and perceived barriers for self-directed learning among medical students and faculty members: An observational study
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Shivkumar , Vaithiyanathan P. , Elangovan Harikrishnan , Kandasamy Sangeetha , Ganesan Harissh 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Self-directed learning (SDL) is an internationally accepted principle of adult education. CBME curriculum implemented by the Government of India has allotted 280 hours of SDL in all subjects for undergraduate medical students. SDL is yet to root into the student community as norms and a definitive program evaluation is still not in shape.

Aim and Objective:
To identify students’ readiness and perceived barriers towards SDL.

Materials and Methods:
This questionnaire-based study was conducted between January 2023 to May 2023 among faculties and students. The 12 items of self-directed learning readiness instrument were adopted from Shen et al.

Results:
A total of 480 MBBS students participated. 97.7% of students were aware of SDL in their first year. The highest score was in the “self-monitoring” domain (Mean ± SD = 3.89 ± 0.64) and the lowest score was in “Planning and Implementation” (3.56 ± 0.80). Students perceived that SDL would enhance their communication (50.41%), critical thinking (49.2%), problem solving (40.4%), research (39.8%) and cognitive skills (37.1%). Among barriers the most significant was lack of guidance and resource deficiency (30.4%, 29%). In this study 52 CISP completed faculty participated and 82.69% agreed students were ready for SDL. The suggested resource materials were reference books and online materials (90.38% & 26.92%).

Conclusion:
Medical students’ readiness for SDL is quite encouraging which was also attested by 83% of faculty. Given the fertile nidus of growing young minds if deficiencies are addressed, the medical curriculum would be fortified with SDL ensuring long term benefits.
Role of intraoperative entroscopy in obscure small bowel gastrointestinal bleed
Authors: Ganesh M. K. , Kanchodu Sudheer , Janardhan Sagar Nambiar , Rao H. T. Nagarjun 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Obscure gastrointestinal bleed (OGIB) is defined as bleeding of unknown origin that persists or recurs after a negative initial or primary endoscopy (colonoscopy and upper gastrointestinal [GI] endoscopy) and imaging. Approximately 5% of all GI bleeding is obscure GI bleed. Abnormal blood vessels arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) cause 30%–40% of small intestinal bleeds. AVMs are the main source of bleeding in patients over the age of 50 years. Tumors (benign and malignant), polyps, Crohn’s disease, and ulcers are some of the other causes of bleeding. Various diagnostic modalities available to detect small intestinal bleed are upper GI endoscopy, colonoscopy, contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the abdomen with angiogram, small bowel enteroscopy, video capsule endoscopy, and scintigraphy studies. Advanced imaging/diagnostic modalities may not be available in all centers, posing a great challenge in the localization of the source of GI bleed. This series highlights the role of diagnostic laparoscopy with intraoperative enteroscope (IOE) in the management of OGIB.
Convex co-compact groups with one-dimensional boundary faces
Authors: Islam Mitul , Zimmer Andrew 
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we consider convex co-compact subgroups of the projective linear group. We prove that such a group is relatively hyperbolic with respect to a collection of virtually Abelian subgroups of rank 2 if and only if each open face in the ideal boundary has dimension at most one. We also introduce the “coarse Hilbert dimension” of a subset of a convex set and use it to characterize when a naive convex co-compact subgroup is word hyperbolic or relatively hyperbolic with respect to a collection of virtually Abelian subgroups of rank 2.
Development of a Machine Learning Model for Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Stages Using Brain Image Patterns
Authors: Gore Alexander , Drosis Odysseas , Drosis Odysseas 
Published: August 2024

The goal of this project was to increase the diagnostic accuracy of AI modelings in the detection of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease is a complex condition that requires early diagnosis for effective treatment. However, current diagnostic methods can have limitations. In this study, we developed a more advanced research model to detect AD. By utilizing both linear regression models and neural network, our model achieved excellent results with a test accuracy of 81.34% for the neural network model and 93.05% for the linear model

Unlike earlier models that focused on binary classification of Alzheimer's disease, our model goes beyond that by classifying different stages and severities of Alzheimer's. We utilized a large dataset found on Kaggle called the "Alzheimer's Dataset" [1] consisting of 5,121 images of four classes (Mild Demented, Non Demented, Very Mild Demented, and Moderate Demented). This research redemonstrates the potential of machine learning to improve diagnostic accuracy for Alzheimer's disease.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) in Salivary Gland Tumors.
Authors: Farah Farhan  , Maria Ilyas  , Sadia Muneer  , Zainab Niazi  , Abeer Zahra  , Maria Farooq  
Published: August 2024

Professor Oral Pathology, Islamabad Dental Hospital, Islamabad
6Demonstrator Oral Pathology Margalla Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad

Author`s Contribution
1Conception and idea acquisition of data, 2Data Analysis, 3Results interpretation, 4Editing and drafting, 5Critical Revision, 6Final approval of the study to be published
Funding Source: None
Conflict of Interest: None
Received: February 02, 2024
Accepted: May 27, 2024
Address of Correspondent
Dr. Zainab Niazi
Associate Professor Oral Pathology, Islamabad Dental Hospital, Islamabad
dr.zainabniazi@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) by comparing its findings with the gold standard histological features of salivary gland lesions.
Methodology: This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Histopathology, Islamabad Medical and Dental Hospital (IMDC), from January 2023 to December 2023, patients presenting with salivary gland swellings. Fifty-seven patients having salivary gland swelling were included on which both histological and cytological evaluation had been done. Twenty cases were excluded because either they had lack of correlation between FNAC and histology or on view of inadequate material. All the patients were clinically evaluated clinically and FNAC was done using 10ml disposable syringe and 23/24-gauge needle without using local anesthesia. The histopathology of the surgical specimens and cytology of the FNAC specimens were compared, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were evaluated.
Results: On FNAC, 37 cases were diagnosed cytologically, as 9 cases identified malignant and 28 as benign. Histopathological examination confirmed 9 malignant cases and 25 benign cases, whereas 3 cases were classified as false positive. The specificity and sensitivity of FNAC were 75% and 94%, respectively. Overlapping cytological features, heterogeneity, and unsampled areas were the primary factors contributing to false-positive.
Conclusion: This study showed that salivary gland FNA cytology is a valuable diagnostic technique for salivary gland lesions, however due to great variation in pleomorphic adenoma, the samples must be confirmed by histopathological features.
The Versailles Settlement
Authors: Sharp Alan 
Published: August 2024

The third edition of this acclaimed textbook on peace-making after the First World War advances that the responsibility for the outbreak of a new, even more ruinous, war in 1939 cannot be ascribed entirely to the planet's most powerful men and their meeting in Paris in January 1919 to reassemble a shattered world. Giving a concise overview of the problems and pressures these key figures were facing, Alan Sharp provides a coherent introduction to a highly complex and multi-dimensional topic.
This is an ideal resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students taking modules on the Versailles Settlement, European and International History, Modern History, Interwar Europe, The Great War, 20th Century Europe, German History, or Diplomatic History, on either history courses or international relations/politics courses.
Shakespeare: As You Like It
Authors: Aspinall Dana E. 
Published: August 2024

This essential guide provides a comprehensive survey of the most important criticism surrounding As You Like It, one of Shakespeare's most popular and engaging comedies, from the earliest appraisals through to 21st century scholarship. Dana Aspinall outlines, assesses and explores the key critical issues, including As You Like It and the genre of comedy; Shakespeare's adaptation of sources; gender, love and marriage; and interrogations of power.
Highlighting how critical and scholarly studies of As You Like It continue to enrich our understanding of this complex and popular play, this guide is an invaluable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students of English literature, teachers, researchers, scholars, and lovers of Shakespeare everywhere.
The European Union and China
Authors: Christiansen Thomas , Kirchner Emil , Wissenbach Uwe 
Published: August 2024

This accessible text offers a comprehensive analysis of the European Union (EU)-China relationship, as one of the most important in global politics today. Both are major players on the world stage, accounting for 30% of trade and nearly a quarter of the world's population. This text shows how, despite many differences in political systems and values, China and the EU have developed such a close, regular set of interactions at multiple levels: from political-strategic, to economic, and individual.
The authors start with an historical overview of the domestic politics and foreign policy apparatus of each partner to show the context in which external relations are devised. From this foundation, each key dimension of the relationship is analysed, from trade and monetary policy, security, culture and society. The authors show the relative merits of different theoretical perspectives and outline what is next for this complex, ever-changing relationship. At every step, the success of each partner in persuading the other of changing their position(s) for key strategic interests is explored. What emerges is a multifaceted picture of relations between two sides that are fundamentally different kinds of actors in the international system, yet have many mutual interests and a common stake in the stability of global governance.
The first major text to offer an accessible introduction to the multifaceted nature of EU-China relations, this book is an ideal companion for upper undergraduate and postgraduate students on Politics, International Relations and European Studies courses.
Shakespeare and Directing in Practice
Authors: Ewert Kevin 
Published: August 2024

When directors approach Shakespeare, is the play always the thing – or might something else sometimes be the thing?
How can directing produce fresh contexts for Shakespeare's work?
Part of the innovative series Shakespeare in Practice this book introduces students to current practices of directing Shakespeare. Ewert explores how the conventions and creative tropes of today's theatre make meaning in Shakespeare production now. The 'In Theory' section starts with an analysis of theatre production and directing more generally before looking at the specific Shakespeare context. The 'In Practice' section offers a wonderful range of production examples that showcase the wide breadth of approaches to directing Shakespeare today, from the 'conventional' to the most experimental.
Providing a useful general overview of directing Shakespeare on stage today, this is an ideal text for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying 'Shakespeare in Performance' in Literature, Drama, Theatre and Performance Studies departments. This book will also inspire students studying directing as part of a theatre programme, and scholars, performers and lovers of Shakespeare everywhere.
Presidential Threshold Penentuan Calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden Dalam Pemilihan Umum Berdasarkan Pasal 222 Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum
Authors: Aziz Ahmad Yusril , Budiarti Dwi , Istijab Istijab 
Published: August 2024

Presidential threshold merupakan ambang batas penentuan calon presiden dan wakil presiden yang diatur dalam Pasal 222 Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Tentang Pemilihan Umum. Presidential threshold merupakan syarat yang harus dipenuhi oleh partai politik atau gabungan partai politik sebesar 20 persen kursi dari DPR atau 25 persen suara sah secara nasional. Aturan presidential threshold menjadi pro dan kontra karena aturan ini membatasi hak politik secara bebas mencalonkan atau memilih calon presiden. Kemudian koalisi yang dominan terhadap calon presiden tertentu sehingga memunculkan dua calon saja sehingga masyarakat tidak disajikan adanya calon alternatif. Presidential threshold menjadi pro kontra bagi partai politik karena besarnya persentase ambang batas presiden yang terlalu besar. Kemudian parpol yang belum berhasil lolos ambang batas parlemen pada pemilu yang lalu belum dapat mengusung kandidat presiden karena membutuhkan hasil suara legislatif. Parpol baru bergabung juga tidak memiliki kemampuan untuk mengusulkan kandidat presiden karena juga belum memiliki hasil suara legislatif untuk memenuhi besaran angka presidential threshold sehingga haknya sebagai partai politik mengikuti ajang pemilihan presiden terhambat aturan presidential threshold. Pada penelitian ini mengkaji peraturan perundang-undangan dalam hal ini adalah Pasal 222 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 7 Tahun 2017. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengenai kedudukan presidential threshold dalam pemilihan umum Presiden dan Wakil Presiden di Indonesia berdasarkan Pasal 222 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 dan mengenai dampak ditimbulkan dari presidential threshold dalam penentuan calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden terhadap partai politik.
Patronage Media in Post-Communist Mongolia
Authors: Baasanjav Undrah , Nielsen Poul Eric , Myagmar Munkhmandakh 
Published: August 2024

We provide a historically informed analysis of the media in post-communist Mongolia thirty years after the transition. In 1990, Mongolia chose a peaceful transition towards liberal democracy following the seventy years of the communist regime. Our analysis first establishes that amid the challenges and changes since the new constitution was adopted, a plural and commercial media system has undeniably been established. However, only a few established themselves as independent media with editorial, business, and ethical norms. While the plurality of media outlets created a media landscape aberrant from the socialist-time propagandistic media, the media market failures, along with rudimentary legal and professional institutions, contributed to the media instrumentalization and media capture in Mongolia.
Short high-accuracy tritium data time series for assessing groundwater mean transit times in the vadose and saturated zones of the Luxembourg Sandstone aquifer
Authors: Gourdol Laurent , Stewart Michael K. , Morgenstern Uwe , Pfister Laurent 
Published: August 2024

Abstract. Among the manifold of environmental tracers at hand, tritium is the only one that can give information on groundwater age within the timescale of 100 years for the entire flow system, i.e., unsaturated and saturated. However, while in the Southern Hemisphere, a single water sample is sufficient for tritium-based young groundwater dating, several tritium measurements spanning multiple years are still needed in the Northern Hemisphere to disentangle the natural cosmogenic tritium input from that caused by the atmospheric thermonuclear weapons tests mainly carried out in the early 1960s. Although it is advised to focus tritium dating on sites where long chronicles of tritium data are available, in this study we tested the potential for short high-accuracy tritium data series (∼4 years) to date groundwater from 35 springs draining the Luxembourg Sandstone aquifer (central western Europe). We determined groundwater mean transit times using the lumped-parameter model approach in a Monte Carlo uncertainty estimation framework to provide uncertainty ranges inherent to the low number of tritium data at hand and their related analytical errors. Our results show that unambiguous groundwater mean transit time assessments cannot be determined solely based on such recent short tritium time series, given that several ranges of mean transit times appeared theoretically possible. Nonetheless we succeeded in discriminating groundwater mean transit times in the vadose and saturated zones of the aquifer through a stepwise decision process guided with several supplementary data. The mean transit time required for water to cross the vadose zone was estimated to be between 0.5±0.5 and 8.1±1.2 years depending on the spring, while for water to flow through the saturated zone, it varied from 5.7±2.4 to 18.9±4.6 years (median ± half of the 5–95 percentile range). Our findings are consistent with both the tritium measurements of individual springs and the hydrogeological context of the study area. We specifically corroborated the dating results using the known hydrogeological properties of the Luxembourg Sandstone aquifer, the hydrochemistry of the studied springs, and their discharge dynamics. When translated into water velocities (which average ∼12 and ∼170 m yr−1 for the vadose and the saturated zones, respectively), the tritium dating results mirrored the horizontal–vertical anisotropy of the aquifer's hydraulic properties caused by the bedded character of the Luxembourg Sandstone. In addition to improving our understanding of water transit times in the Luxembourg Sandstone aquifer, this study demonstrates how it is currently possible to use short tritium time series to date young groundwater bodies at new sites in central Europe.
The Criticality of Foreign Direct Investment on Financial Development: A Case Study of Pakistan
Authors: Batool Aliza , Khan Qasim Raza , Akram Maria , Tariq Adnan Bin , Qamri Ghulam Muhammad 
Published: August 2024

Economic growth and financial development are fueled by foreign direct investment. It is curial for emerging markets and developing economies. The relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and financial development (FD) in Pakistan between 2001 and 2020 is empirically surveyed in this study. We have taken the Financial development (domestic credit to private sector % of GDP) as our dependent variable while FDI, (net inflows % of GDP), trade openness (TO), population growth (PG) and inflation (INF) as our independent variables. We extracted our all data of our variables from World Bank (WDI). Augmented Ducky fuller (ADF) and Philips Peron (PP) has been used to check the stationarity of data before using ARDL. Furthermore; we have applied Long Run Bound Test in order to know the long run relation. The findings indicate that foreign direct investment (FDI) and population growth (PG) have positively impact on financial development (FD). Additionally, the study finds that, in the case of Pakistan, trade openness (TO) is insignificant to financial development whereas inflation (INF) have a negatively significant. We applied Cusum and Cusum square test for model stability. The results of stability test show that our model is stable as are plots are within the critical bound. The study will help to design such policy that will attain specific goals to enhance foreign direct investment and financial development. It is anticipated that the findings would provide empirical insights and practical consequences for scholars and policy makers.