bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A statistical algorithm for assessing cellular alignment
Authors: Nectow Alexander R. , Gil Eun Seok , Kaplan David L. , Kilmer Misha E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCurrent statistical techniques for analyzing cellular alignment data in the fields of biomaterials and tissue engineering are limited because of heuristic and less quantitative approaches. For example, generally a cutoff degree limit (commonly 20 degrees) is arbitrarily defined within which cells are considered “aligned.” The effectiveness of a patterned biomaterial in guiding the alignment of cells, such as neurons, is often critical to predict relationships between the biomaterial design and biological outcomes, both in vitro and in vivo. This becomes particularly important in the case of peripheral neurons, which require precise axon guidance to obtain successful regenerative outcomes. To address this issue, we have developed a protocol for processing cellular alignment data sets, which implicitly determines an “angle of alignment.” This was accomplished as follows: cells “aligning” with an underlying, anisotropic scaffold display uniformly distributed angles up to a cutoff point determined by how effective the biomaterial is in aligning cells. Therefore, this fact was then used to determine where an alignment angle data set diverges from a uniform distribution. This was accomplished by measuring the spacing between the collected, increasingly ordered angles and analyzing their underlying distributions using a normalized cumulative periodogram criterion. The proposed protocol offers a novel way to implicitly define cellular alignment, with respect to various anisotropic biomaterials. This method may also offer an alternative to assess cellular alignment, which could offer improved predictive measures related to biological outcomes. Furthermore, the approach described can be used for a broad range of cell types grown on 2D surfaces, but would not be applicable to 3D scaffold systems in the present format. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 101A: 884–891, 2013.
Novel injectable biomimetic hydrogels with carbon nanofibers and self assembled rosette nanotubes for myocardial applications
Authors: Meng Xiangling , Stout David A. , Sun Linlin , Beingessner Rachel L. , Fenniri Hicham , Webster Thomas J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe objective of the present in vitro study was to investigate cardiomyocyte functions, specifically their adhesion and proliferation, on injectable scaffolds containing RNT (rosette nanotubes) and CNF (carbon nanofibers) in a pHEMA (poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)) hydrogel to determine their potential for myocardial tissue engineering applications. RNTs are novel biocompatible nanomaterials assembled from synthetic analogs of DNA bases guanine and cytosine that self‐assemble within minutes when placed in aqueous solutions at body temperatures. These materials could potentially improve cardiomyocyte functions and solidification time of pHEMA and CNF composites. Because heart tissue is conductive, CNFs were added to pHEMA to increase the composite's conductivity. Our results showed that cardiomyocyte density increased after 4 h, 1 day, and 3 days with greater amounts of CNFs and greater amounts of RNTs in pHEMA (up to 10 mg mL−1 CNFs and 0.05 mg mL−1 RNTs). Factors that may have increased cardiomyocyte functions include greater wettability, conductivity, and an increase in surface nanoroughness with greater amounts of CNFs and RNTs. In effect, contact angles measured on the surface of the composites decreased while the conductivity and surface roughness increased as CNFs and RNTs content increased. Lastly, the ultimate tensile modulus decreased for composites with greater amounts of CNFs. In summary, the properties of these injectable composites make them promising candidates for myocardial tissue engineering applications and should be further studied. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Analytical Characterization of Fatty Acids Composition of Bioactive Stem Oil of Maytenus royleanus by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Uddin Ghias , Din Ala Ud , Khurshid Amna , Valeriote Frederick A. , Choudhary M. Iqbal 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe significant inhibition and selectivity for human solid tumor cell by oily fraction of Maytenus royleanus, was subjected to GC‐MS analysis for determination of its chemical constituents. GC‐MS profile of methyl ester derivatives of fatty acids, showed that Palmitic acid (35.41%), Oleic acid (10.91%), Stearic acid (5.31%), Margaric acid (5.13%), Behenic acid (5.18%) and Hexanoic acid (4.97%) were the major components in the isolated oily fraction, while rest of the other fatty acids were present in minor concentration. The literature revealed that no such work has been done for the determination of fatty acids in M. royleanus stem oil.
Adsorptive Stripping Differential Pulse Voltammetric Determination of Risperidone with a Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotube‐Ionic Liquid Paste Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Arvand Majid , Pourhabib Akram 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA new composite electrode has been fabricated based on coating multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and n‐octylpyridinum hexafluorophosphate (OPPF6) ionic liquid composite on a glassy carbon (GC) electrode (OPPF6‐MWCNTs/GCE). This electrode shows very attractive electrochemical performances for electrooxidation of risperidone (RIS) compared to conventional electrodes using carbon and mineral oil, notably improved sensitivity and stability. The oxidation peak potentials in cyclic voltammogram of RIS on the OPPF6‐MWCNTs/GCE was occurred around 230 mV vs. SCE at Britton–Robinson (B–R) buffer (pH 4.0) at scan rate of 100 mV s−1. The electrochemical parameters such as diffusion coefficient (D), charge transfer coefficient (α) and the electron transfer rate constant (k/s) were determined using cyclic voltammetry. Under the optimized conditions, the peak current was linear to risperidone concentration over the concentration range of 10–200 nM with sensitivity of 0.016 μA/nM−1 using differential pulse voltammetry. The detection limit was 6.54 nM (S/N = 3). The electrode also displayed good selectivity and repeatability. In the presence of clozapine (CLZ) the response of RIS kept almost unchanged. Thus this electrode could find application in the determination of RIS in some real samples. The analytical performance of the OPPF6‐MWCNTs/GCE was demonstrated for the determination of RIS in human serum and pharmaceutical samples.
Parotidectomy and neck dissection in the management of conjunctival melanoma: Are they necessary?
Authors: Vira Darshni , Pesce Julianna , Glasgow Ben J. , Lai Chi , Elashoff David , Abemayor Elliot , John Maie St. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The objectives of this study were to review traditional techniques for the management of conjunctival melanoma and assess the need for parotidectomy and neck dissection in the management of conjunctival melanoma.Study Design:Retrospective review.Methods:This study was a retrospective review conducted in a tertiary academic medical center of patients diagnosed with conjunctival melanoma over a 20‐year periodResults:There were 39 patients diagnosed with conjunctival melanoma identified from January 1990 to December 2010. Follow‐up varied from 2 to 201 months (median, 25 months). Of the patients, 16 (41%) had local recurrences at the primary site, two (13%) of whom later presented with parotid disease. One patient with parotid recurrence had a subsequent neck dissection for confirmed metastatic spread. No patient in this series had metastatic cervical disease without initial spread to the parotid. The probability of disease‐free survival at 1, 2, and 5 years was 77%, 68%, and 50%, respectively. The probability of parotid free progression at 1, 2, and 5 years was 100%, 96%, and 90%, respectively.Conclusions:Conjunctival melanoma is a rare malignancy traditionally managed with aggressive treatment to optimize local control. The role for staging parotidectomy with or without neck dissection has been heavily debated. Based on our review, parotidectomy only needs to be undertaken when high suspicion for metastatic spread is present, such as a palpable or radiographically evident mass. In addition, without documented parotid disease, neck dissection is not required.
Blood supply to the human sternocleidomastoid muscle and its clinical implications for mandible reconstruction
Authors: Leclère Franck Marie , Vacher Christian , Benchaa Tarik 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:The use of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) flap for reconstructive surgery of the mandible seems to be a practicable although underestimated option.Study Design:This study was conducted on 15 cadavers that had been neoprene–latex injected in the middle and inferior pedicles.Methods:Lengths of the SCM were equally divided into upper, middle, and lower thirds. Each third was then subdivided into numbered quadrants. This procedure defined six levels in the SCM, each corresponding to two quadrants: one medial and the other lateral. For each third of the SCM, the origin of the main pedicles was recorded. The quadrants where neoprene–latex was detected were reported in the dissection book.Results:The upper third of the SCM muscle was constantly supplied by branches of the occipital artery. The middle third of the SCM muscle received its blood supply from a branch of the superior thyroid artery (right SCM/left SCM: 53%/53%), the external carotid artery (27%/20%), or branches of both (20%/27%). The lower third of the muscle was supplied by a branch arising from the suprascapular artery (73%/73%), the transverse cervical artery (7%/13%), the thyrocervical trunk (13%/13%), or the superficial cervical artery (7%/0%). The neoprene–latex injected into the subclavian artery reached the four lower levels in all SCMs studied (the middle third of the SCM). In 13% of the SCMs, this injection also reached level II (the upper third of the SCM). With a double injection (inferior and middle pedicles), levels I and II were reached in 100% of the cases.Conclusions:This study shows that, used alone, the lower pedicle does not have the ability to ensure the full vascularization of the SCM muscle. A composite flap might be safely raised only if the integrity of both inferior and middle pedicles is respected.
Outcomes following transoral robotic surgery: Supraglottic laryngectomy
Authors: Mendelsohn Abie H. , Remacle Marc , Van Der Vorst Sebastien , Bachy Vincent , Lawson Georges 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To describe a single center outcomes following transoral robotic surgery for supraglottic laryngectomy (TORS–SL).Study Design:Prospective data collection.Methods:Patient records receiving TORS–SL for squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) with at least 12 months follow‐up fit inclusion for this study. Two patients with previous SCCA were excluded.Results:18 patients (14 male, 4 female) were included in the study, having a mean follow‐up time of 28.1 months (SD = 12.1). All patients had negative margins confirmed on final pathology. Nine (50%) patients received postoperative chemoradiation therapy for advanced neck disease. No (0%) patients received tracheostomy or gastrostomy tubes. There were no (0%) local recurrences, and three (16.7%) regional recurrences. Five (27.8%) patients experienced temporary postoperative complications. Overall 2‐year outcomes reached 83%, 100%, and 89% for locoregional control, disease‐specific survival, and overall survival respectively.Conclusions:Initial outcomes for TORS–SL are encouraging and are comparable to previously described treatment modalities. Larger studies are encouraged. Laryngoscope, 2013
Preparation of Pixantrone/Poly(γ‐glutamic acid) Nanoparticles through Complex Self‐Assembly for Oral Chemotherapy
Authors: Meng Lili , Ji Bing , Huang Wei , Wang Dali , Tong Gangsheng , Su Yue , Zhu Xinyuan , Yan Deyue 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA facile and green approach is reported to construct pixantrone/poly(γ‐glutamic acid) nanoparticles (PIX/γ‐PGA NPs) as an oral drug delivery system through the complex self‐assembly of polyelectrolyte γ‐PGA and the anticancer drug pixantrone dimaleate (PDM). The complex self‐assembly behavior is investigated in detail. The results demonstrate that PDM can interact with γ‐PGA to conveniently form NPs and the size of NPs can be controlled by adjusting the solution volume ratio of PDM to γ‐PGA. These NPs illustrate their pH‐dependent release behavior, efficient cellular uptake and enhanced drug efficacy through an in vitro release study, flow cytometry, CLSM analysis and the MTT assay. In summary, PIX/γ‐PGA NPs may serve as a promising oral drug delivery system for cancer therapy. magnified image
Bioinspired Bioadhesive Polymers: Dopa‐Modified Poly(acrylic acid) Derivatives
Authors: Laulicht Bryan , Mancini Alexis , Geman Nathanael , Cho Daniel , Estrellas Kenneth , Furtado Stacia , Hopson Russell , Tripathi Anubhav , Mathiowitz Edith 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe one‐step synthesis and characterization of novel bioinspired bioadhesive polymers that contain Dopa, implicated in the extremely adhesive byssal fibers of certain gastropods, is reported. The novel polymers consist of combinations of either of two polyanhydride backbones and one of three amino acids, phenylalanine, tyrosine, or Dopa, grafted as side chains. Dopa‐grafted hydrophobic backbone polymers exhibit as much as 2.5× the fracture strength and 2.8× the tensile work of bioadhesion of a commercially available poly(acrylic acid) derivative as tested on live, excised, rat intestinal tissue. magnified image
Effect of Branched Side Chains on the Physicochemical and Photovoltaic Properties of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) Isomers
Authors: Cui Chaohua , Sun Yeping , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Zhang Maojie , Zhang Jing , Li Yongfang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTwo P3HT isomers with branched alkyl side chains, P3EBT and P3MPT, are synthesized. The HOMO energy levels of P3EBT and P3MPT are −5.35 and −5.24 eV, respectively, which are significantly lower than that of P3HT with a linear side chain. The absorption edges of the two P3HT isomer films, especially those of P3EBT, are blue‐shifted in comparison with that of P3HT. A PSC based on P3EBT:IC60BA (2:1 w/w) shows a high open‐circuit voltage of 0.98 V, which is the highest Voc reported so far for polythiophene‐based PSCs. A PSC based on P3MPT:IC70BA (2:1 w/w) exhibits a power conversion efficiency of 3.62% with a Voc of 0.91 V. P3MPT is suitable for the application in tandem PSCs.
Finely Tuned Fluorescence Emission of Polydiphenylacetylene Films Obtained by Copolymerization
Authors: Lee Wang‐Eun , Han Dong‐Cheul , Sakaguchi Toshikazu , Kim Yong‐Bae , Lee Chang‐Lyoul , Kwak Giseop 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPDPAs containing longer (octadecyl, C18) and shorter (methyl, C1) alkyl side chains in the same backbone are synthesized. The copolymerization of C1 and C18 monomers at a range of feed ratios afford high‐molecular‐weight (Mw > 106) copolymers almost quantitatively. As the content of longer alkyl chain units in the copolymers increases, the emission band in the bulk film shifts to shorter wavelengths and the emission intensity increases. The lamellar layer distance increases with increasing C18 content. The excited species with shorter lifetimes decrease gradually with increasing C18 content, whereas the longer‐lasting emission increases. Fine tuning of the FL emission of PDPAs is achieved by simple copolymerization of monomers with different alkyl side‐chain lengths.
Plasticizing and Reinforcing Features of Siloxane Domains in Amine‐Cured Epoxy/Silica Hybrids
Authors: Piscitelli Filomena , Lavorgna Marino , Buonocore Giovanna G. , Verdolotti Letizia , Galy Jocelyne , Mascia Leno 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOrganic/inorganic hybrid materials comprising an amine‐epoxide network and siloxane domains are produced by the sol/gel method. The presence of both plasticizing flexible linear siloxane sequences and reinforcing nanosized silica particles and branched silsesquioxanes (SSQO) structures is confirmed by 29Si NMR and SAXS analysis. The hybrids display simultaneously a monotonical reduction in Tg and an increase in rubbery plateau modulus with increasing siloxane content. At the same time, nanoindentation tests reveal an improved resistance to plastic deformation. The effect of siloxane content on the values of the rubbery plateau modulus is evaluated through the EBM model for blends and composites exhibiting the characteristic co‐continuity of the two constituent phases. magnified image
Non‐Stoichiometric Polycondensations and the Synthesis of High Molar Mass Polycondensates
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Zolotukhin Mikhail G. , Cárdenas Jorge 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis report presents a general overview of non‐stoichiometric step‐growth polymerizations (polycondensations). Three kinds of non‐stoichiometric polycondensations are defined and discussed for a2 + b2 monomer combinations. Depending on the kinetic scenario and on the experimental conditions, the excess of one monomer either strongly reduces or strongly enhances the average degree of polymerization (DP) relative to a stoichiometric polycondensation under identical conditions. As a result, telechelic oligomers or extremely high molar mass polymers (DPs > 1000) may be formed. Stoichiometric imbalance has in all cases the consequence that cyclization is largely suppressed in early stages of a polycondensation. Finally, non‐ stoichiometric “a2 + bn” polycondensations are discussed.
Forming of bulk metallic glasses: ideal superplasticity?
Authors: Gravier S. , Blandin J. J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDue to their brittleness, bulk metallic glasses (BMG) are generally difficult to form at room temperature. A fruitful way to get components is to deform them in their supercooled liquid region (SLR). In this region, BMG generally exhibit particularly large strain capacities. This behaviour is sometimes reported as superplasticity since several requirements of superplasticity are fulfilled. For instance, particularly large m values (up to 1) can be measured and consequently one can wonder if such forming conditions of BMG can be considered as “ideal” superplasticity. In this paper, we report studies dealing with high temperature deformation of various BMGs. Similarities and differences between high temperature deformation of BMGs and superplasticity of fine grained alloys are discussed.
Superplastic forming of AZ31 magnesium alloy with controlled microstructure
Authors: Cusick M. , Abu‐Farha F. , Lours P. , Maoult Y. , Bernhart G. , Khraisheh M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA recent study on post‐superplastic forming properties has shown that heating time prior to testing has a major effect on the post‐forming properties of superplastically‐formed AZ31 Magnesium alloy sheets. To this point, there has been very little examination into the effects of pre‐heating or annealing on superplastic forming. In this work, these effects are examined using AZ31 Mg alloy samples. Both tensile specimens and bulge sheets were superplastically‐stretched after undergoing different annealing routes. Multiple annealing temperatures and times were examined to produce specimens with grain sizes ranging from 8 to 15 μm, for comparison with traditional SPF results. The results show that annealing treatments can be suitable for the improvement of thinning and forming time of superplastically‐formed Magnesium alloys through the control of the microstructure.
Superplasticity of the aluminum alloys containing the Al3Ni eutectic particles
Authors: Mikhaylovskaya A. V. , Portnoy V. K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe structures and parameters of superplasticity of aluminum alloys containing fine and coarse eutectic Al3Ni particles were investigated. Traditional hot and cold rolling were used for sheet producing. The research alloys have low‐ or high – alloying solid solution. Superplastisity characterization of the alloy with high‐alloying solid solution is much better beside alloys with low‐alloying solid solution. Alloying by zirconium improves superplasticity in some investigated alloys. Some alloys with partially recrystallized structure show d = 500–700% at T = 0.95 Tm with the constant strain rates to the range of (1·10 –3–1·10 –2) s–1.
Modelling of superplastic forming of hollow structures with goffered filler made of VT6 titanium alloy
Authors: Safiullin R.V. , Kruglov A.A. , Akhunova A.Kh. , Safiullin A.R. , Dmitriev S.V. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe superplastic forming process of the VT6 titanium alloy three‐layered hollow structures with goffered filler are investigated. Based on the results of experimental studies and on the results of finite element modeling, we determine rational parameters of the process such as gas pressure increase rate, when superplastic flow condition is satisfied for ribs, and the processing time is minimal.
Material characterization of duplex stainless steel by superplastic free bulging test
Authors: Yoon J.‐H. , Yi Y.‐M. , Lee H.‐S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMacroscopic superplastic behaviour of metallic or non metallic materials is usually represented by the strain rate sensitivity, and it can be determined by tensile tests at elevated temperature. However, a uniaixal stress state occurs in the test whilst a multiaixal stress state is induced in actual superplastic forming processes. The difference of the stress state might affect the reliability of the strain rate sensitivity obtained from the tension test. In the current study, the material characterization of duplex stainless steel, UNS S31803, has been carried out to determine the strain rate sensitivity throughout superplastic free bulging test under constant pressure. The measured height of bulged plate during the test was transformed into strain rate and stress corresponding to height at each time by theoretical considerations. The strain rate sensitivities were calculated for each pressure level. After calculating the strain rate sensitivity and strength coefficient for each test case, the flow stress equations have been employed in the finite element simulation to verify the experiments. The bulged height obtained from the simulation showed a reasonable agreement with the experimental findings. In the future, if a study on the effect of fillet radius of test tool and microstructure evolution is carried out, it is thought that the reliability of the material characterization by superplastic free bulging test can be enhanced.