bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral manifestations of congenital neutropenia or Kostmann syndrome
Authors: Defraia Efisio , Marinelli Andrea 
Published: April 2015

Infantile congenital agranulocytosis or Kostmann syndrome is a rare hereditary kind of severe neutropenia. The typical symptoms, which appear since the first days of life, are abscesses located on various parts of the body: ear, cutis, lung and oral cavity. These abscesses are due to an almost total disimmunity typical of the neutropenia.
The aim of this article is to describe the most typical signs of this pathology in the oral cavity, reporting a case observed in our department in Florence, Italy. On the basis of the personally observed case and of the review of the literature, it is possible to consider, as a characteristic finding in Kostmann syndrome, a typical very serious periodontal pathology, which is similar to the prepubertal periodontitis in deciduous dentition. At the age of 19 years the patient showed a dramatic compromise of the masticatory function.
It is obvious that the lack of response of the host can obstruct the interaction between the host and the microbic flora, because the lack of neutrophils increases the susceptibility of the patient to every kind of infection, even to periodontitis. A periodontal prophylaxis, since the very first observations, followed by a rigorous maintenance with frequent and regular professional hygienic treatments could be effective in controlling the effects of periodontal disease and could reduce the tragic evolution. We need to recognise that it could be hard to monitor the oral situation correctly in these patients, as they have a continuously poor systemic condition. Finally in these cases the rehabilitative therapy is very problematical.
Treatment strategy for patients with ectodermal dysplasia
Authors: Martin Jack W. , Tselios Nicholas , Chambers Mark S. 
Published: April 2015

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a hereditary condition characterized by abnormal development of the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and the stomatognathic system. There are many different types of ectodermal dysplasia of which X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is the most common. Multiple genes have been discovered to cause ectodermal dysplasias. With any form of ED, children may display a range of symptoms and challenging rehabilitation. This clinical report presents the treatment plan for a young patient with ED and anodontia requiring prosthetic restoration.
J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 113-118,2005
Use of orthopedic finger distractor for facial asymmetry correction
Authors: Roychoudhury Ajoy , Batra Puneet 
Published: April 2015

Facial asymmetry after unilateral ankylosis results due to the loss of the condylar growth center on the ankylosed side. This results in the skeletal midline deviating to the affected side, a lack of vertical growth on the same side produces a cant of the occlusal plane and mandibular retrognathism is seen as a result of the hypoplasia. The lower border of the mandibular corpus and angle on the contra lateral side is usually flattened. We report a case of facial asymmetry following unilateral ankylosis, which was treated by a combined approach with distraction osteogenesis and orthodontics. Inexpensive orthopedic finger distractors were used. The facial changes were analyzed using the Grummons facial asymmetry analysis.
J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 99-104, 2005
Bilateral protrusion of the buccal fat pad into the mouth of an infant
Authors: Santiago Bianca Marques , Damasceno Licínia Maria , Primo Laura Guimarães 
Published: April 2015

The buccal fat pad is an anatomic structure, which contributes significantly to the prominence of the newborn’s and infant’s cheek. It is probably important in the suckling mechanism. In this article a case of unusual protrusion of this structure into the oral cavity of an infant is described. Besides the two-years of follow-up, a review of the literature is presented and a differential diagnosis is outlined.
J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 181-184, 2004
Alveolar bone loss in the primary dentition
Authors: Pierro Viviane Santos da Silva , Ribeiro de Souza Ivete Pomarico 
Published: April 2015

Alveolar bone loss has been reported in primary teeth of healthy young children with a variable prevalence. This study aimed to review the literature on alveolar bone loss in the primary teeth of children without systemic diseases and to discuss the controversies with regard to the prevalence of this pathology in the primary dentition.
J Clin Pediatr Dent 29(2): 139-142, 2004
Colony Forming Unit Levels of Salivary Lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans In Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Kupietzky Ari , Majumdar Amith , Shey Zia , Binder Robert , Matheson Pamela 
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare the levels of Lactobacilli (LB) and Streptococcus mutans (SM) colony forming units (CFU) in the saliva of subjects before and after orthodontic appliance placement.This was a controlled, prospective two-group, two-measurement, clinical trial performed on 64 study patients, 12-15 years old. Subjects in the experimental group were sampled for LB and SM in stimulated saliva collected on the same day but prior to band and bracket placement. The subjects in the control group were sampled on their first screening appointment two months prior to band and bracket placement. The second samples of LB and SM were taken from the experimental and control groups after two months. Saliva was transferred to a selective agar carrier and incubated for 48 hours at 37°C / 99 °F. LB and SM colonies forming units were compared with standard densities.The experimental group wearing orthodontic appliances had significantly higher mean LB CFU counts than the control group at the 2 month follow- up (3.25 vs. 2.57, p =0.0036). The two groups, however, did not show any difference in mean SM CFU counts at the 2 month follow-up (3.0 vs. 3.1, p = 0.66).The results of this study showed that a higher number of CFUs of LB were associated with the group wearing orthodontic appliances after two months and may play a role in the increased levels of plaque seen in many orthodontic patients.
Efficacy of various intracanal medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis in primary teeth: An in vivo study
Authors: Önçag̈ Özant , Gogulu Dislah , Uzel Atac 
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of three intracanal medicaments (Ca(OH)2, 1% chlorhexidine gel and 1% chlorhexidine gel with Ca(OH)2 against Enterococcus faecalis in necrotic primary teeth.
As a conclusion, chlorhexidine gel with or without Ca(OH)2 was more effective than Ca(OH)2 alone against Enterococcus faecalis.
Changes of Tongue Position and Oropharynx Following Treatment with Functional Appliance
Authors: Yassaei S , Bahrololoomi Z , Sorush M 
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to determine changes of tongue position and oropharyngeal space following treatment with functional appliance in patients with class II div I malocclusion.
In this before-after clinical trial, 28 patients with class II div 1 malocclusion were investigated. The range of age of females was 10 -13 years and males 11 -14 years. These samples were treated for 11 months. McNamara analysis and some linear variables were used to determine positional changes of tongue and oropharyngeal space. In this study, tongue moved significantly (P.value &lt; 0.05) forwards in the horizontal dimension and non – significantly downwards in the vertical dimension.
Treatment with functional appliance leads to significant alterations in tongue position and significantly increases the extent of oropharyngeal space.
Epidemiology of Posterior Crossbite in the Primary Dentition
Authors: da Silva Filho Omar Gabriel , Santamaria Jr. Milton , Filho Leopoldino Capelozza 
Published: April 2015

This epidemiological survey was conducted on 2,016 children from 8 private and 12 public preschools at the city of Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. The sample was composed of 1,032 males and 984 females in the primary dentition stage, aged 3 to 6 years.
Normal occlusion was observed in 26.74% of the sample; thus, 73.26% of children presented some type of malocclusion. Among the malocclusions, the following transverse problems were diagnosed: unilateral posterior crossbite (11.65%), anterior open bite associated with posterior crossbite (6.99%), bilateral posterior crossbite (1.19%), unilateral posterior crossbite associate with anterior crossbite (0.79%) and full crossbite (0.19%) totalizing 20.81% of the transverse problems. Mandibular functional deviation was observed in 91.91% of children with unilateral posterior crossbite, characterizing the functional unilateral posterior crossbite.
The results demonstrated that the prevalence of posterior crossbite was compatible with previous data in the literature, with predominance of functional unilateral posterior crossbite.
A Comparative Study of the Secretory IgA immunoglobulins(s.IgA) in Mothers and Children with SECC versus a Caries Free Group Children and their Mothers
Authors: Al Amoudi Najlaa , Al Shukairy Haneen , Hanno Azza 
Published: April 2015

Early childhood caries (ECC) is recognized as an infectious disease. The first step in its development is primary infection by the bacterium S. mutans which has been identified as the primary etiologic factors in dental caries. Lactobacilli were also found to play a role in the progression of disease. However, the underlying mechanism of immune response to caries is unclear. The association between secretory IgA (s.IgA) and cariogenic microorganisms is still controversial.The purpose of this study was to assess the level of salivary IgA in caries free children, and children with SECC and their corresponding mothers. The study also aims at correlating the children's levels to their mothers'.Sixty children and their mothers attending the dental clinic in King Abdulaziz University participated in our study. Their age ranged from 3 – 5 years. The study groups consisted of thirty children with SECC and a control group consisting of thirty caries free children.Children together with their mothers were examined and their caries level was recorded. Stimulated saliva was collected from each participant for immunological assessment. The secretory IgA (s. IgA) level was assessed by ELISA test.Our study has shown that children with SECC and their mothers had higher levels of s. IgA than the caries free children and their mothers. A positive high correlation was found between secretory IgA of mothers and children in both groups.
Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis in Preschoolers: Report of a case in a 3-1/2 Year Old
Authors: Portaro Camila Palma , Chópite Yndira Gonzalez , Cárdenas Abel Cahuana 
Published: April 2015

Destructive forms of periodontal disease in children are uncommon. Severe periodontal destruction can be a manifestation of a systemic disease; however, in some patients, the underlying cause of increased susceptibility and early onset is still unknown.Objective: To describe an effective therapeutic approach to Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis (GAgP) in children, based on a 3-1/2 year-old male patient referred to the Hospital due to early loss of incisors, gingivitis,and tooth mobility in his primary dentition. Intraoral examination revealed severe gingival inflammation,dental abscesses, pathological tooth mobility, bleeding upon probing and attachment loss around several primary teeth. Dental radiographs revealed horizontal and vertical bone loss. Treatment consisted on the extraction of severely affected primary teeth, systemic antibiotics, deep scaling of remaining teeth and strict oral hygiene measures. Once the patient's periodontal condition was stabilized, function and esthetics were restored with "pedi-partials." After a follow-up period of nearly 4 years, the patient's periodontal status remains healthy, facilitating the eruption of permanent teeth.Conclusion: Prompt diagnosis and good treatment regimen may provide an effective therapeutic management of Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis.
Banking Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth (SHED): Saving for the Future
Authors: Arora Vipin , Arora Pooja , Munshi AK 
Published: April 2015

Tooth derived cells are readily accessible and provide an easy and minimally invasive way to obtain and store stem cells for future use. Banking ones own tooth-derived stem cells is a reasonable and simple alternative to harvesting stem cells from other tissues.Obtaining stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) is simple and convenient, with little or no trauma. Every child loses primary teeth, which creates the perfect opportunity to recover and store this convenient source of stem cells – should they be needed to treat future injuries or ailments and presents a far better alternative to simply discarding the teeth or storing them as mementos from the past. Furthermore,using ones own stem cells poses few, if any, risks for developing immune reactions or rejection following transplantation and also eliminates the potential of contracting disease from donor cells. Stem cells can also be recovered from developing wisdom teeth and permanent teeth. Individuals have different opportunities at different stages of their life to bank these valuable cells. It is best to recover stem cells when a child is young and healthy and the cells are strong and proliferative.The purpose of this review is to discuss the present scenario as well as the technical details of tooth banking as related to SHED cells.
Asymmetric Crying Facies with a Couple of Primary Mandibular Central Incisor and 22q11 Deletion
Authors: Karagol Belma Saygili , Zenciroglu Aysegul 
Published: April 2015

Facial asymmetry present only on crying has been described as a seperate entity and termed asymmetric crying facies. The cause of the facial asymmetry in this disorder is congenital absence or hypoplasia of the depressor anguli oris muscle at the corner of the mouth.
This defect is associated at times with major congenital anomalies, most commonly in the cardiovascular system. Chromosome 22q11 microdeletions in cases with ACF have been reported. We report a newborn infant who had ACF associated with a couple of primary mandibular central incisor teeth and chromosome 22q11 microdeletion. This clinical sign in association with ACF has not been previously described.
Comparison of Some Dietary Habits on Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steel Brackets: An in vitro Study
Authors: Shahabi M , Jahanbin A , Esmaily H , Sharifi H , Salari S 
Published: April 2015

Background and Objective: Resistance to corrosion is an advantageous property of orthodontic brackets;however, due to low levels of pH found in the mouth of a patient, localized corrosion may occur. This can affect tooth movement by increasing friction between the arch wire and bracket slot and initiate enamel discoloration. Additionally, corrosion causes the release of elements that may lead to cytotoxic and biological side effects. The aim of this study was to compare the amount of corrosion caused by lemon juice, vinegar and Coca-Cola® on orthodontic brackets in vitro and then to recommend the most suitable diet during orthodontic treatment. Method: Sixty orthodontic brackets in three groups of twenty were immersed in a test solution (Fusamaya-Meyer artificial saliva plus lemon juice, vinegar or Coca-Cola) at a temperature of 37°C±1. Moreover, a negative control consisting of twenty brackets were put in pure artificial saliva. After 6 weeks the amount of corrosion was determined by measuring δW of mean weights of brackets and the results were analyzed by general linear models (repeated measurement).Results: Significant differences were seen during different weeks of the study (P&lt;0.001) and different solutions(P&lt;0.001). This study showed the amount of corrosion in orthodontic brackets was the most for cola followed by vinegar and then lemon juice. In addition, mean differences for cola versus lemon juice was -0.010(sig. &lt;0.001), vinegar versus lemon juice was -0.006 (sig. =0.001) and cola versus vinegar was -0.004(sig. =0.013). Conclusion: Acidic effervescent soft drinks such as cola have to be eliminated or minimized in the nutritional diet of orthodontic patients because of their harmful effects on their brackets.
Nutritional Considerations and Dental Management of Children and Adolescents with HIV/AIDS
Authors: Mittal Meenu 
Published: April 2015

The HIV infected child has increased caloric needs, yet multiple factors interfere with adequate nutritional intake. Nutritional support is needed to maintain optimum nourishment during the symptomatic period, in order to prevent further deterioration of the nutritional status during acute episodes of infection, and to improve the nutritional status during the stable symptom free period.With the advent of better methods of detection and better therapies, we are beginning to see HIV infected children surviving longer, and thus coming under the care of a host of affiliated medical personnel, including dentists. Oral health care workers need to provide dental care for HIV-infected patients and recognize as well as understand the significance of oral manifestations associated with HIV infection.The present article reviews, on the basis of literature, nutritional status, nutrition assessment and counseling in HIV/ AIDS children and adolescents. Dental treatment considerations in these, as well as modifications in treatment if required, are also discussed.
Salivary Sialic Acid Levels and Dental Health In Children with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Hegde AM , Kavita Rai , Sushma KS , Shetty Suchetha 
Published: April 2015

Congenital cardiac disease is one of the most common developmental anomalies in children. Higher caries prevalence and gingivitis compared to healthy children have been shown in children with congenital heart disease which has a significant implication in the medical care of these patients associated with bacteraemia and endocarditis. Sialic acids being terminal sugar components and marker of chronic inflammatory response are found to be present at higher levels in children with poor oral health status. So the present study aimed to evaluate the oral health status and salivary sialic acid levels among the children with congenital heart disease and normal healthy siblings. A total of 71 children with heart diseases aged 6-10 years attending various heart institutes were examined for oral hygiene status, gingival status and dental caries status by using modified WHO oral assessment form. A case-matched control group of 50 children were also examined. Salivary flow rate, pH and sialic acid levels were measured after saliva collection. The results were subjected to Unpaired t test and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient Test.The salivary pH, salivary flow rate, dental caries status, oral hygiene and the gingival status were significantly compromised with a positive correlation with the sialic acid levels in saliva, leading to increased treatment needs in the study group. Therefore the amount of sialic acid in the saliva can be a useful index of the severity of oral disease.
Green Pigmentation in Human Teeth. A Stereomicroscopic Study
Authors: Rakauskaite A , Juodzbalys G , Pauza DH , Cicciù M 
Published: April 2015

Green pigmentation in teeth is an uncommon condition associated with bilirubin deposits in hard dental tissues. Its occurrence can cause anxiety to both the child and parents and is not diagnosed easily by clinicians. The aim of this study is to analyze the current knowledge about the etiology, the intraoral alterations, and the macroscopic and microscopic features of green teeth pigmentation related to a high bilirubin levels. A primary tooth was extracted and manually sliced into 600 microns thin sections. The slenderized slices were examined with a light microscope AxioImager M1 to evaluate the microscopic teeth structure.The clinical characteristics of teeth may help in the diagnosis of current or past systemic diseases. Pediatricians should be able to quickly note the signs in order to perform the proper diagnosis. This study may help clinicians gain more knowledge about the current status of this uncommon pathology.
Treatment Considerations in Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Hazan-Molina H , Dror Aizenbud D 
Published: April 2015

Hutchinson-Guilford progeria syndrome is an extremely rare condition classified as one of the premature ageing syndromes. This case presents a 16-year-old Israeli female patient, suffering from a variant of Hutchinson-Guilford progeria with a history of treatment with oral biphosphnates. The patient presented with typical cranial and facial features of the syndrome including delayed teeth eruption and root development probably due to insufficient jaw growth and severs retrognatic position of the maxilla and mandible. Orthodontic treatment considerations are described along with those required in light of the previous treatment by oral biphosphonates.
All primary teeth were extracted in three appointments while creating as minimal trauma as possible to the surrounding tissue and alveolar bone. For now, the patient refuses to begin the orthodontic treatment course. There are no limitations to conduct any dental procedures in progeria patients, however, extreme caution must be exercised during oral surgery due to the inelasticity of tissues and dermal atrophy. Orthodontic procedure commencement should be early enough to manage the delayed development and eruption of teeth. Patients taking oral biphosphonates should be advised of this potential complication. If orthodontic treatment is considered appropriate, plans should be assessed and modified to include compromises.
Analysis of Submersible Electric Pumping Systems
Authors: Nolen K. B. , Gibbs S. G. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a field proven analytical method of evaluating submersible electric pumping equipment and well performance jointly. A computerized mathematical model is described which considers the effects of free gas, pump speed (variable frequency drives) and pump tapering. The method allows accurate calculations of important downhole parameters including pump intake pressure, pump intake volume (including free gas), pump pressure and fluid density profile. Lifting cost parameters such as power requirements of pump and motor, monthly power consumption, pump and motor performance and overall system efficiency are also determined. Once operating conditions are known, decisions can be made on ways to increase production (if additional potential exists) or to reduce operating costs. Thus, the same basic goals that often justify frequent analysis of rod pumping systems8 can be applied to submersible pumping.
Total Cyanide Field Spikes for Industrial Wastewater Samples Verify Successful Sample Integrity, Preservation, Pre‐Treatment and Testing
Authors: Delaney Michael F. , Blodget Charles 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT: Obtaining accurate and precise results for total cyanide concentrations in wastewater samples is fraught with positive and negative interferences. Even the United States Environmental Protection Agency has acknowledged that it may be difficult or impossible to adequately mitigate all interferences. We demonstrated that a field spike of complex cyanide can be successfully used to demonstrate when sampling, preservation, pre‐treatment, and analysis techniques are working adequately to retain any cyanide present in the sample without causing false positives or false negatives. For 257 industrial wastewater effluent samples collected at a wide variety of Greater Boston industries, 237 (92.2%) had usable field spike recoveries, averaging 86.2% recovery. Field spike recoveries for problematic industries that had very high or very low field spike recoveries were useful to show when alternative preservations and field dilutions were successfully preserving total cyanide. The field spike approach is general and should also work in a similar manner for raw and treated drinking water samples.