bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual-driving parametric locking of GHz phonon sources to sub-hertz linewidth in optomechanical systems
Authors: Tang Jin-Dao , Xia Zi-Wei , Bin Qian , Lü Xiao-Min , Zeng Li-Ping , Chen Pei-Qin , Jiang Qin-Yuan , Wang You , Song Hai-Zhi , Zhou Qiang , Zhou Heng , Arutyunov Konstantin Yu. , Lü Xin-You , Huang Yong-Jun , Guo Guang-Can , Deng Guang-Wei 
Published: July 2024

In the exploration of collective dynamics and advanced information processing, synchronization and frequency locking of mechanical oscillations are cornerstone phenomena. Traditional synchronization techniques, which typically involve a single mechanical mode, are limited by their inability to distinguish between intrinsic mechanical oscillations and external signals after locking. Addressing this challenge, we introduce a parametric approach that enables simultaneous frequency locking of two gigahertz mechanical modes within an optomechanical crystal cavity. By modulating the pump light to match the sum and difference frequencies of the mechanical modes, we significantly narrow their linewidths from tens of kilohertz to below 1 Hz at room temperature and ambient pressure. This dual-locking scheme also drastically reduces the phase noise of the mechanical modes by 76.6 dBc/Hz at a 100 Hz offset, while allowing flexible tuning of the locked modes’ frequencies via input signal adjustments. Our method not only facilitates direct observation of mechanical oscillations under the locking regime but also enriches the understanding of coherent phonons in multimode regimes, opening new avenues for optomechanical applications in signal processing.
Design and expression of a chimeric recombinant antigen (SsIR-Ss1a) for the serodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis: Evaluation of performance, sensitivity, and specificity
Authors: Omidian Mostafa , Mostafavi-Pour Zohreh , Asadi Marzieh , Sharifdini Meysam , Nezafat Navid , Pouryousef Ali , Savardashtaki Amir , Taheri-Anganeh Mortaza , Mikaeili Fattaneh , Sarkari Bahador 
Published: July 2024

Background
The sensitivity of parasitological and molecular methods is unsatisfactory for the diagnosis of strongyloidiasis, and serological techniques are remaining as the most effective diagnostic approach. The present study aimed to design and produce a chimeric recombinant antigen from Strongyloides stercoralis immunoreactive antigen (SsIR) and Ss1a antigens, using immune-informatics approaches, and evaluated its diagnostic performance in an ELISA system for the diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis.

Methodology/Principal findings
The coding sequences for SsIR and Ss1a were selected from GenBank and were gene-optimized. Using bioinformatics analysis, the regions with the highest antigenicity that did not overlap with other parasite antigens were selected. The chimeric recombinant antigen SsIR- Ss1a, was constructed. The solubility and physicochemical properties of the designed construct were analyzed and its tertiary structures were built and evaluated. The construct was expressed into the pET-23a (+) expression vector and the optimized DNA sequences of SsIR-Ss1a (873 bp) were cloned into competent E. coli DH5α cells. Diagnostic performances of the produced recombinant antigen, along with a commercial kit were evaluated in an indirect ELISA system, using a panel of sera from strongyloidiasis patients and controls.
The physicochemical and bioinformatics evaluations revealed that the designed chimeric construct is soluble, has a molecular with of 35 KDa, and is antigenic. Western blotting confirmed the immunoreactivity of the produced chimeric recombinant antigen with the sera of strongyloidiasis patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the indirect ELISA system, using the produced SsIR-Ss1a chimeric antigen, were found to be 93.94% (95% CI, 0.803 to 0.989) and 97.22% (95% CI, 0.921 to 0.992) respectively.

Conclusions/Significance
The preliminary findings of this study suggest that the produced SsIR-Ss1a chimeric antigen shows promise in the diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis. However, these results are based on a limited panel of samples, and further research with a larger sample size is necessary to confirm its accuracy. The construct has potential as an antigen in the ELISA system for the serological diagnosis of this neglected parasitic infection, but additional validation is required.
Cost-effectiveness of implementing performance-based financing for improving maternal and child health in Ethiopia
Authors: Koricho Mideksa Adugna , Dinsa Girmaye Deye , Khuzwayo Nelisiwe 
Published: July 2024

Introduction
Performance Based Financing (PBF) supports realization of universal health coverage by promoting bargaining between purchasers and health service providers through identifying priority services and monitoring indicators. In PBF, purchasers use health statistics and information to make decisions rather than merely reimbursing invoices. In this respect, PBF shares certain elements of strategic health purchasing. PBF implementation began in Ethiopia in 2015 as a pilot at one hospital and eight health centers. Prior to this the system predominantly followed input-based financing where providers were provided with a predetermined budget for inputs for service provision. The purpose of the study is to determine whether the implementation of PBF is cost-effective in improving maternal and child health in Ethiopia compared to the standard care.

Methods
The current study used cost-effectiveness analysis to assess the effects of PBF on maternal and child health. Two districts implementing PBF and two following standard care were selected for the study. Both groups of selected districts share common grounds before initiating PBF in the selected group. The provider perspective costing approach was used in the study. Data at the district level were gathered retrospectively for the period of July 2018 to June 2021. Data from health service statistics were transformed to population level coverages and the Lives Saved Tool method used to compute the number of lives saved. Additionally for purpose of comparison, lives saved were translated into discounted quality-adjusted life years.

Results
The number of lives saved under PBF was 261, whereas number of lives saved under standard care was 194. The identified incremental cost per capita due to PBF was $1.8 while total costs of delivering service at PBF district was 8,816,370 USD per million population per year while the standard care costs 9,780,920 USD per million population per year. QALYs obtained under PBF and standard care were 6,118 and 4,526 per million population per year, respectively.

Conclusions
The conclusion made from this analysis is that, implementing PBF is cost-saving in Ethiopia compared to the standard care.

Limitations of the study

Due to lack of district-level survey-based data, such as prevalence and effects on maternal and child health, national-level estimates were used into the LiST tool.
There may be some central-level PBF start-up costs that were not captured, which may have spillover effects on the existing health system performance that this study has not considered.
There may be health statistics data accuracy differences between the PBF and non-PBF districts. The researchers considered using data from records as reported by both groups of districts,
Proximal and distant expression of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) correlate with neurological deficit following experimental ischemic stroke
Authors: Méloux Alexandre , Dogon Geoffrey , Rigal Eve , Rochette Luc , Bejot Yannick , Vergely Catherine 
Published: July 2024

Background and purpose
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has emerged as a promising biomarker in cerebro-cardiovascular disease, particularly in acute and chronic inflammatory stress situations. However, understanding the origins, targets and functions of GDF15 in clinical situations, such as ischemic stroke, remains a complex challenge. This study aims to assess the sources of GDF15 production following an experimental ischemic stroke.

Methods
Adult male Wistar rats underwent cerebral embolization through microspheres injection into the left or right internal carotid artery. Two hours post-surgery, GDF15 expression was analyzed in the brain, blood, lungs, liver and heart using quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting.

Results
Stroke model induced large cerebral infarcts accompanied by severe neurological deficits. GDF15 gene expression exhibited a substantial increase in the ipsilateral cortex and cerebellum, with a lesser extent in the contralateral cortex. Regarding GDF15 protein expression, proGDF15 levels were elevated in the 3 aforementioned organs mentioned and the heart. However, the mature form of GDF15 was exclusively present and increased in the heart. Finally, the expression of GDF15 expression was correlated with the neurological deficit score.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that both the GDF15 gene and pro-protein are expressed in the ischemic brain after a stroke, while only its mature form is expressed remotely in in the heart. The impact of increased GDF15 in the heart following a stroke remains to be established. This is particularly relevant in understanding its relationships with poor neurological outcomes, determining whether it may contribute to stroke-induced cardiac dysfunction.
Assessment of knowledge and practices regarding taeniasis and cysticercosis in Pak Chong, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Phumrattanaprapin Wuttipong , Tatiya-apiradee Nitima , Jantaban Pattana , Mahikul Wiriya 
Published: July 2024

Background
Taeniasis and cysticercosis are parasitic infections caused by Taenia spp., mainly transmitted through the consumption of undercooked pork. Prevention requires increasing knowledge and awareness, improving meat inspection and hygiene, and promoting safe food handling and sanitation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and practice (KP) of residents in Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, regarding taeniasis and cysticercosis.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand, and its 11 subdistrict municipalities. Study participants were selected using a stratified random sampling design. A validated questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.70) was used to collect socio-demographic information and assess knowledge and practices related to taeniasis and cysticercosis. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were used for the analysis.

Results
Of the 360 survey respondents, 65.0% (n = 234) were women, 82.2% (n = 296) were aged under 60 years, 99.2% (n = 357) identified as Buddhist, 87.5% (n = 315) had less than a bachelor’s degree education level, 54.2% (n = 195) had monthly family income ≥10,000 Thai baht, 10.6% (n = 38) were unemployed, and 26.1% (n = 93) lived in a town municipality. The survey revealed that 98.3% (n = 354) of participants were categorized as having less accurate knowledge and 83.6% (n = 301) were classified as more frequently engaging in correct prevention practices. Our study revealed that pig farmers (1.7%) occasionally permitted the pigs to forage freely. The results of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that knowledge scores were positively associated with household income ≥10,000 Thai baht (βadj = 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65 to 2.36). Practice scores were negatively associated with age over 60 years (βadj = −1.77, 95% CI −3.14 to −0.40) and living in a subdistrict municipality (βadj = −2.58, 95% CI −3.77 to −1.39). There was no association between KP regarding taeniasis and cysticercosis in the population of Pak Chong.

Conclusions
Overall, participants’ knowledge was lacking. Public education interventions are recommended to improve knowledge among residents with low socioeconomic status. These findings can inform the development of targeted interventions and educational programs in Pak Chong District, especially among elderly people in subdistrict municipalities, to improve practices for the prevention and control of these parasitic infections.
Long-term outcomes after revascularization in chronic total and non-total occluded coronary arteries: A regionwide cohort study
Authors: Holck Emil Nielsen , Jakobsen Lars , Winther Naja Stausholm , Mogensen Lone Juul-Hune , Christiansen Evald Høj 
Published: July 2024

Background
Understanding the prognostic impact of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in chronic total occlusion (CTO) is crucial for patient management. Previous studies have primarily been studying prognostic impact of successful versus unsuccessful CTO PCI. This study investigated the prognostic impact of successful and unsuccessful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of chronic total occluded coronary arteries (CTO) with non-CTO PCI as reference.

Methods
Patients treated with PCI from 2009 to 2019 in the Central Region of Denmark were included in a population-based cohort study. We compared successful and unsuccessful CTO PCI with non-CTO PCI. Exclusion criteria was myocardial infarction within 30 days. Primary outcome was difference in a composite major adverse cardio- and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) encompassing all-cause death, any myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for heart failure or revascularization tracked via nationwide registries.

Results
Of 21,141 screened patients, 10,638 were enrolled: 9,065 underwent non-CTO PCI, 1,300 had successful CTO PCI, and 273 had unsuccessful CTO PCI. Median follow-up time was 5.9 [3.5;9.0] years and 4,750 MACCEs were recorded. Compared to non-CTO PCI, the adjusted MACCE rate for successful CTO PCI was equivalent (Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.98, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.90–1.07, p = 0.71). In contrast, unsuccessful CTO PCI was associated with a higher MACCE rate (HR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04–1.43, p<0.01). HR was adjusted for age, body-mass index, previous revascularization, smoking, kidney disease, two or three-vessel disease, left ventricular ejection fraction, diabetes and comorbidities.

Conclusions
The pre-specified hypothesis was accepted. Successful CTO PCI was associated with equivalent long-term outcomes as non-CTO PCI, and unsuccessful CTO PCI was identified as a high-risk group associated to worse outcomes.
HIV Infection Is Associated With a Less Aggressive Phenotype of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicenter Study of the ENEIDA Registry
Authors: Calafat Margalida , Suria Carles , Mesonero Francisco , de Francisco Ruth , Yagüe Caballero Carmen , de la Peña Luisa , Hernández-Camba Alejandro , Marcé Ainhoa , Gallego Beatriz , Martín-Vicente Noelia , Rivero Montserrat , Iborra Marisa , Guerra Iván , Carrillo-Palau Marta , Madero Lucía , Burgueño Beatriz , Monfort David , Torres Gisela , Teller Marta , Ferrer Rosique Juan Ángel , Vega Villaamil Pablo , Roig Cristina , Ponferrada-Diaz Angel , Betoré Glaría Elena , Zabana Yamile , Gisbert Javier P. , Busquets David , Alcaide Noelia , Camps Blau , Legido Jesús , González-Vivo Maria , Bosca-Watts Marta Maia , Pérez-Martínez Isabel , Casas Deza Diego , Guardiola Jordi , Arranz Hernández Laura , Navarro Mercè , Gargallo-Puyuelo Carla J. , Cañete Fiorella , Mañosa Míriam , Domènech Eugeni ,   on behalf of the ENEIDA Registry of GETECCU
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:
The coexistence of HIV infection and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is uncommon. Data on the impact of HIV on IBD course and its management are scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the IBD phenotype, therapeutic requirements, and prevalence of opportunistic infections (OIs) in IBD patients with a coexistent HIV infection.

METHODS:
Case-control, retrospective study includes all HIV-positive patients diagnosed with IBD in the Nationwide study on genetic and environmental determinants of inflammatory bowel disease registry. Patients with positive HIV serology (HIV-IBD) were compared with controls (HIV seronegative), matched 1:3 by year of IBD diagnosis, age, sex, and type of IBD.

RESULTS:
A total of 364 patients (91 HIV-IBD and 273 IBD controls) were included. In the whole cohort, 58% had ulcerative colitis, 35% had Crohn's disease (CD), and 7% were IBD unclassified. The HIV-IBD group presented a significantly higher proportion of proctitis in ulcerative colitis and colonic location in CD but fewer extraintestinal manifestations than controls. Regarding treatments, nonbiological therapies (37.4% vs 57.9%; P = 0.001) and biologicals (26.4% vs 42.1%; P = 0.007), were used less frequently among patients in the HIV-IBD group. Conversely, patients with HIV-IBD developed more OI than controls, regardless of nonbiological therapy use. In the multivariate analysis, HIV infection (odds ratio 4.765, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.48–9.14; P < 0.001) and having ≥1 comorbidity (OR 2.445, 95% CI 1.23–4.85; P = 0.010) were risk factors for developing OI, while CD was protective (OR 0.372, 95% CI 0.18–0.78; P = 0.009).

DISCUSSION:
HIV infection seems to be associated with a less aggressive phenotype of IBD and a lesser use of nonbiological therapies and biologicals but entails a greater risk of developing OI.
Racial, Ethnic, and Sex Differences in Incidence-Based Mortality of Aggregate Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Malick Alyyah , Ferris Jennifer S. , Hur Chin , Abrams Julian A. , Soroush Ali 
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:Current strategies for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) cancer screening primarily target cancer-specific risk, with the strongest focus on esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, all UGI cancers are amendable to screening and early detection with an upper endoscopic examination. This study assesses and explores incidence-based mortality (IBM) for cumulative UGI cancers, aiming to identify race-based or sex-based disparities.METHODS:We used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Research data to analyze patients diagnosed with EAC, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, cardia gastric cancer, noncardia gastric cancer, or colorectal adenocarcinoma from 2000 to 2019. Age-adjusted IBM was calculated as a rate per 100,000 population and stratified by sex and race/ethnicity. We also compared UGI cancer IBM with that of colorectal cancer, a cancer with established population-wide endoscopic screening guidelines.RESULTS:Cumulative IBM for UGI cancers was 8.40 (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.34–8.46). The highest cancer-specific IBM rates were for EAC (2.26, 95% CI 2.23–2.29), followed by noncardia gastric cancer (2.07, 95% CI 2.04–2.10), cardia gastric cancer (1.60, 95% CI 1.57–1.62), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (1.21, 95% CI 1.19–1.23), and miscellaneous UGI cancer (1.27, 95% CI 1.13–1.40). UGI cancer IBM was highest among Black men (16.43, 95% CI 15.97–16.89), American Indian/Alaska Native men (15.23, 95% CI 13.75–16.82), and Hispanic men (13.76, 95% CI 13.42–14.11). These rates are significantly greater than among White men (12.81, 95% CI 12.68–12.95).DISCUSSION:UGI cancers impose a significantly higher mortality burden on non-White population subgroups that are not currently targeted by any systematic screening approach.
Molecular Analysis of Persistent and Recurrent Barrett's Esophagus in the Setting of Endoscopic Therapy
Authors: Kumar Aarti , Rara Marianne , Yu Ming , Wen Kwun Wah , Grady William M. , Chak Amitabh , Iyer Prasad G. , Rustgi Anil K. , Wang Timothy C. , Rubenstein Joel H. , Liu Yue , Kresty Laura , Westerhoff Maria , Kwon Richard S. , Wamsteker Erik , Wang Tom , Berry Lynne , Canto Marcia I. , Shaheen Nicholas J. , Wang Kenneth K. , Abrams Julian A. , Stachler Matthew D. 
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Early neoplastic progression of Barrett's esophagus (BE) is often treated with endoscopic therapy. Although effective, some patients are refractory to therapy or recur after apparent eradication of the BE. The goal of this study was to determine whether genomic alterations within the treated BE may be associated with persistent or recurrent disease.

METHODS:
We performed DNA sequencing on pre-treatment esophageal samples from 45 patients who were successfully treated by endoscopic therapy and did not recur as well as pre-treatment and post-treatment samples from 40 patients who had persistent neoplasia and 21 patients who had recurrent neoplasia. The genomic alterations were compared between groups.

RESULTS:
The genomic landscape was similar between all groups. Patients with persistent disease were more likely to have pre-treatment alterations involving the receptor tyrosine kinase pathway (P = 0.01), amplifications of oncogenes (P = 0.01), and deletions of tumor suppressor genes (P = 0.02). These associations were no longer significant after adjusting for patient age and BE length. More than half of patients with persistent (52.5%) or recurrent (57.2%) disease showed pre-treatment and post-treatment samples that shared at least 50% of their driver mutations.

DISCUSSION:
Pre-treatment samples were genomically similar between those who responded to endoscopic therapy and those who had persistent or recurrent disease, suggesting there is not a strong genomic component to treatment response. Although it was expected to find shared driver mutations in pre-treatment and post-treatment samples in patients with persistent disease, the finding that an equal number of patients with recurrent disease also showed this relation suggests that many recurrences represent undetected minimal residual disease.
Molecular genetic abnormalities in ACTH-secreting pituitary tumors (corticotropinomas): fundamental research and prospects for use in clinical practice
Authors: Lapshina A. M. 
Published: July 2024

In recent years, a large number of studies have been carried out to research molecular genetic abnormalities in ACTH-­secreting pituitary tumors. This review presents a comprehensive analysis of exome studies results (germline and somatic mutations, chromosomal abnormalities in corticotropinomas which developed as part of hereditary syndromes MEN 1, 2, 4, DICER1, Carney complex etc., and isolated tumors, respectively) and transcriptome (specific genes expression profiles in hormonally active and inactive corticotropinomas, regulation of cell cycles and signal pathways). Modern technologies (next-generation sequencing — NGS) allow us to study the state of the microRNAome, DNA methylome and inactive chromatin sites, in particular using RNA sequencing. Thus, a wide range of fundamental studies is shown, the results of which allow us to identify and comprehend the key previously known and new pathogenesis mechanisms and biomarkers of corticotropinomas. The characteristics of the most promising molecular genetic factors that can be used in clinical practice for screening and earlier diagnosis of hereditary syndromes and isolated corticotropinomas, differential diagnosis of various forms of endogenous hypercorticism, sensitivity to existing and potential therapies and personalized outcome determination of Cushing`s disease.
The causes of obesity relapse after weight loss
Authors: Guseinova R. M. , Dorovskikh A. V. , Vasyukova O. V. , Shestakova E. A. , Okorokov P. L. , Mokrysheva N. G. 
Published: July 2024

The main problem of obesity treatment is the difficulty of long-term weight maintenance. From one point of view, it can easily be explained by patients’ low compliance and absence of self-control. From another point of view, body weight is regulated not only by persons will, but also by multiple physiological mechanisms. Moreover, studies demonstrate that the attempts to reduce body weight stimulate the activation of adaptive biological process that block weight reduction.Despite the variety of obesity treatment methods, only few patients are able to achieve significant (at least 5–7%) weight loss and maintain the result. In most cases people return to the initial weight in about 3–5 years. Therefore it is relevant to study weight regain mechanisms in order to identify new effective obesity treatment strategies.The objective of this review is to summarize the information about the main issues of central, peripheral and behavioral pathogenic mechanisms which lead to disease relapse after obesity treatment and ideas for future strategies to resolve them.