bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nasal Deformity Correction in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients by Secondary Rhinoplasty: Patients Satisfactions
Authors: Ghanim Khalid , Alsabee Waleed M.B. , Al-Rawee Rawaa Y. , Tawfeeq Bashar Abdul-Ghani 
Published: July 2024

Aim of the Study:
To evaluate the degree of patient satisfaction postsecondary rhinoplasty, specifically in cleft patients in Mosul city.

Methodology:
A retrospective comparison questionnaire study was conducted between March and April 2024 among cleft patients who underwent surgical secondary rhinoplasty in Mosul City of Nineveh Province. All cleft patients aged 18 to 40 who underwent secondary rhinoplasty are included in the study. Forty participants respond to a specific questionnaire in 3 time periods (before surgery 3 and 6 months after). Basic demographic information (age, gender, cause of visit, diagnosis, and treatment) is recorded. Questionnaire which conflict the patient’s perception presurgery and postsurgery also. The improvement rate and reduction rate of improvement are calculated according to a special equation.
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Results:
According to age groups, the age between 26 and 30 years have the highest incidence between the cases with 37.5%. Females are highest with (55%). Esthetics are the most common cause. Effective or improvement rate shows positive except for question 6 ( median: 4%). The reduction rate shows positive results.

Conclusions:
Despite being a complicated surgical operation, cleft rhinoplasty can yield symmetry, improved esthetics, and enhanced functioning, including improved breathing, which can be life-changing for patients and fulfilling for the surgeon. Its difficulty stems from the fact that it has required several surgical phases throughout the years, each of which calls for a comprehensive surgical team with a variety of specializations to be addressed for optimal outcomes.
Aerobic Fitness of Elderly Community and Non-Community Individuals After Chronic Stroke
Authors: Ferreira de Oliveira Maria Clara , Joviano Galvão Ana Carolina , Moura Dario Daniella , Tavares Aguiar Larissa , Cunha Polese Janaine 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Stroke commonly causes low aerobic fitness and walking speed.

Objective:
To compare the estimated aerobic fitness of the community and non-community elderly individuals after chronic stroke. Investigate the association between walking speed and aerobic fitness.

Methods:
Elderly people after stroke classified as community walkers or limited community walkers, according to their walking speed (10-m walk test), in m/s, were assessed with The Human Activity Profile (HAP). The Lifestyle Energy Consumption (LEC) score of the HAP was used to estimate aerobic fitness through the peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak).

Results:
Aerobic fitness of elderly individuals after stroke classified as community walkers was on average 17.3 (6.0) mL kg−1 min−1, while for non-community walkers, it was on average 10.2 (5.6) mL kg−1 min−1. There was a significant difference between groups (−7.05, 95% CI −10.98 to −3.12; P < .001). A statistically significant (P < .001) association with moderate magnitude (r = 0.587) was observed between the LEC and the habitual walking speed.

Conclusions:
Individuals with lower walking speed have lower aerobic fitness.
A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Xingnao Kaiqiao Acupuncture Combined With Modern Rehabilitation Therapy in the Treatment of Cognitive Dysfunction After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Mu Xin , Guo Lan , Yang Ying , Qin Yu-xi , Jing Xing-wen , Mao Min 
Published: July 2024

Objective:
To investigate the therapeutic effect of Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture combined with modern rehabilitation therapy on cognitive dysfunction after acute ischemic stroke (AIS).

Methods:
Totally 140 patients with cognitive impairment after AIS admitted to Sichuan Provincial Rehabilitation Hospital from September 2016 to May 2021 were included in this prospective randomized controlled trial. After admission, patients were randomly divided into the trial group and the control group based on a computer-generated random number table. Patients in the trial group were treated with Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture combined with modern rehabilitation therapy, and those in the control group were treated with modern rehabilitation therapy alone. Before and after treatment, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Barthel index (BI) were used to evaluate the cognitive function and daily living activities, and event-related potentials (ERP) were also measured in both groups. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the results between the two groups.

Results:
Finally 135 patients were included, 67 in the trial group and 68 in the control group. After treatment, the MMSE score and BI were significantly improved in both groups as compared with those before treatment (both P < .001). In the trial group, the BI and the MMSE subscores in the domains of orientation, registration, recall, and language were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P < 0.05). The global MMSE score of the trial group was higher than that of the control group both after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P = 0.000/0.001). In the analysis of time effect alone, time had significant effects on the MMSE score in both groups (P < 0.001). After treatment, the latencies of P3 waves were significantly shorter and the amplitudes of P3 waves were significantly higher in the trial group as compared with the control group (both P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture combined with modern rehabilitation therapy may be associated with a better efficacy in treating cognitive dysfunction after AIS. The effect of Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture on ERP may play a role in the mechanism underlying such a therapeutic effect.
Handheld Dynamometry Agrees With One-Repetition Maximum Testing With Cuff Weights for Knee Extension, Hip Abduction, and Hip Extension in Older Adults
Authors: Anemaet Wendy K. , Hammerich Amy S. 
Published: July 2024

This study compared handheld dynamometry (HHD) at the weakest point of the strength curve for hip extensors, hip abductors, and knee extensors in older adults and one-repetition maximum (1RM) of that same muscle groups with cuff weights. Fifty participants (62-94 years) were tested. Paired t tests indicated no significant differences between the 2 measures. Reliability testing for absolute agreement between 1RM and HHD yielded intraclass correlations of good to excellent. This demonstrates HHD at or near the weakest point of a muscle group provides an accurate measure of older individual’s 1RM for knee extension, hip extension, and hip abduction.
The Age Factor in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Biben Vitriana , Tanuwidjaja Deta , Zamir Arief , Nurarifah Sitti Ayu Hemas 
Published: July 2024

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major global cause of death, and its risk increases with age. This study investigates the relationship between age, patient characteristics, and rehabilitation outcomes in the cardiac rehabilitation (CR) of CAD. A cross-sectional study analyzed 60 medical records of post-coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients who underwent a 6-week CR program after a graded exercise test using the Modified Bruce Protocol. The CR consists of 90% male participants, with an average age of 59.25 ± 6.69 years and an overweight body mass index. CR increases metabolic equivalents in all subjects, while age has a weakly significant negative correlation with the result of CR, so it can be concluded that CR is advantageous for older post-CABG or post-PCI patients.
Repositioning Guidelines to Decrease Pressure Injury in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Birdsong Margaret T. , Ascenzi Judy , Aquino Carla , Kudchadkar Sapna R. 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this quality improvement (QI) project was to develop and implement repositioning guidelines that reduce pressure injury (PI) in hemodynamically unstable pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients.

PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING:
All PICU patient ages 0 to 36 months who required sedation for invasive mechanical ventilation and had a Braden Q score ≤ 18 were eligible for inclusion. The project was implemented in 116 patients preimplementation and 100 postimplementation. Their median t age was 5 months (interquartile range 2-13 months). The QI project setting was an academic hospital PICU with a Level I trauma center located in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States.

APPROACH:
A pre-post observational design was used to compare the at-risk population for 21 weeks before (August-December 2018) and after (August-December 2019) implementing repositioning guidelines. Turn attempts were undertaken every 2 hours. Repositioning attempts were defined as (1) full (30°); (2) partial (15°); (3) unable to turn owing to hemodynamic instability; or (4) noncompliance. The primary outcome was incidence of Stage II or higher PI.

OUTCOMES:
We found a significant reduction in the incidence of PI before and after implementation of the repositioning intervention (16.4% vs 2.0%, P = .0003).

IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:
A structured intervention for repositioning hemodynamically unstable PICU patients has the potential to significantly lower PI incidence in a group of hemodynamically unstable children.
Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions
Authors: Valdovinos Fernanda S. , Bodini Antonio , Jordán Ferenc 
Published: July 2024

This theme issue features 18 papers exploring ecological interactions, encompassing metabolic, social, and spatial connections alongside traditional trophic networks. This integration enriches food web research, offering insights into ecological dynamics. By examining links across organisms, populations, and ecosystems, a hierarchical approach emerges, connecting horizontal effects within organizational levels vertically across biological organization levels. The inclusion of interactions involving humans is a key focus, highlighting the need for their integration into ecology given the complex interactions between human activities and ecological systems in the Anthropocene. The comprehensive exploration in this theme issue sheds light on the interconnectedness of ecological systems and the importance of considering diverse interactions in understanding ecosystem dynamics.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions’.
Limited function of road verges as habitat for species connecting plant–bee networks in remnant semi-natural grasslands
Authors: Henriksen Marie V. , Bär Annette , Garratt Michael P. D. , Nielsen Anders , Johansen Line 
Published: July 2024

Species-rich natural and semi-natural ecosystems are under threat owing to land use change. To conserve the biodiversity associated with these ecosystems, we must identify and target conservation efforts towards functionally important species and supporting habitats that create connections between remnant patches in the landscape. Here, we use a multi-layer network approach to identify species that connect a metanetwork of plant–bee interactions in remnant semi-natural grasslands which are biodiversity hotspots in European landscapes. We investigate how these landscape connecting species, and their interactions, persist in their proposed supporting habitat, road verges, across a landscape with high human impact. We identify 11 plant taxa and nine bee species that connect semi-natural grassland patches. We find the beta diversity of these connector species to be low across road verges, indicating a poor contribution of these habitats to the landscape-scale diversity in semi-natural grasslands. We also find a significant influence of the surrounding landscape on the beta diversity of connector species and their interactions with implications for landscape-scale management. Conservation actions targeted toward species with key functional roles as connectors of fragmented ecosystems can provide cost-effective management of the diversity and functioning of threatened ecosystems.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions’.
A highly resolved network reveals the role of terrestrial herbivory in structuring aboveground food webs
Authors: Hale Kayla R. S. , Curlis John David , Auteri Giorgia G. , Bishop Sasha , French Rowan L. K. , Jones Lance E. , Mills Kirby L. , Scholtens Brian G. , Simons Meagan , Thompson Cody , Tourville Jordon , Valdovinos Fernanda S. 
Published: July 2024

Comparative studies suggest remarkable similarities among food webs across habitats, including systematic changes in their structure with diversity and complexity (scale-dependence). However, historic aboveground terrestrial food webs (ATFWs) have coarsely grouped plants and insects such that these webs are generally small, and herbivory is disproportionately under-represented compared to vertebrate predator–prey interactions. Furthermore, terrestrial herbivory is thought to be structured by unique processes compared to size-structured feeding in other systems. Here, we present the richest ATFW to date, including approximately 580 000 feeding links among approximately 3800 taxonomic species, sourced from approximately 27 000 expert-vetted interaction records annotated as feeding upon one of six different resource types: leaves, flowers, seeds, wood, prey and carrion. By comparison to historical ATFWs and null ecological hypotheses, we show that our temperate forest web displays a potentially unique structure characterized by two properties: (i) a large fraction of carnivory interactions dominated by a small number of hyper-generalist, opportunistic bird and bat predators; and (ii) a smaller fraction of herbivory interactions dominated by a hyper-rich community of insects with variably sized but highly specific diets. We attribute our findings to the large-scale, even resolution of vertebrate, insect and plant guilds in our food web.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions’.
Assessing impacts of bycatch policies and fishers’ heterogeneous information on food webs and fishery sustainability
Authors: Kushal Appilineni , Springborn Michael R. , Valdovinos Fernanda S. 
Published: July 2024

Ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) has emerged as a promising framework for understanding and managing the long-term interactions between fisheries and the larger marine ecosystems in which they are nested. However, successful implementation of EBFM has been elusive because we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the network of interacting species in marine ecosystems (the food web) and the dynamic relationship between the food web and the humans who harvest those ecosystems. Here, we advance such understanding by developing a network framework that integrates the complexity of food webs with the economic dynamics of different management policies. Specifically, we generate hundreds of different food web models with 20–30 species, each harvested by five different fishers extracting the biomass of a target and a bycatch species, subject to two different management scenarios and exhibiting different information in terms of avoiding bycatch when harvesting the target species. We assess the different ecological and economic consequences of these policy alternatives as species extinctions and profit from sustaining the fishery. We present the results of different policies relative to a benchmark open access scenario where there are no management policies in place. The framework of our network model would allow policymakers to evaluate different management approaches without compromising on the ecological complexities of a fishery.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions’.
C-terminally encoded peptides promoting root symbiotic nodulation in legume plants also promote the root arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotic interaction
Authors: Pedinotti Léa , Teyssendier de la Serve Juliette , Roudaire Thibault , Clemente Hélène San , Aguilar Marielle , Kohlen Wouter , Frugier Florian , Frei dit Frey Nicolas 
Published: July 2024

SummaryC-terminally encoded peptides (CEPs) are small secreted signalling peptides that promote in legumes the root nitrogen-fixing nodulation symbiosis depending on soil mineral nitrogen availability1. In Medicago truncatula, their action is mediated by the Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase COMPACT ROOT ARCHITECTURE 2 (CRA2)2–4. As most land plants, under inorganic phosphate (Pi) limitation, M. truncatula establishes another root endosymbiotic interaction with arbuscular fungi, the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis (AMS). Because this interaction is beneficial for the plant but has a high energetic cost, it is tightly controlled by host plants to limit AMS infections mainly depending on Pi availability5. We show in this study that the expression of a subset of CEP encoding genes is enhanced in the low Pi conditions that favour AMS colonization, and that overexpression of the low Pi-induced MtCEP1 gene, previously shown to promote the nitrogen-fixing root nodulation symbiosis, enhances the AMS colonization from the initial entry point of the fungi. Conversely, a loss-of-function mutation of the CRA2 receptor required for mediating CEP peptides action2decreases the AMS interaction capacity from the same initial fungal entry stage. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the cra2 mutant is negatively affected in the regulation of key Pi transport and response genes as well as in the biosynthesis of strigolactone (SL) hormones that are required for establishing the AMS interaction. Accordingly, SL contents were drastically decreased in cra2 mutant roots. Overall, we showed that the CEP/CRA2 pathway promotes, in legume plants, both root nodulation and AMS depending on soil mineral nutrients availability.In briefThe establishment and maintenance of root nodule and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses (AMS) in legume plants is tightly regulated respectively by nitrogen and phosphate availability. Pedinotti and Teyssendier de la Serve et al. show that the CEP/CRA2 pathway, previously known to promote root competence to nodulate under low nitrogen conditions, also enhances AMS establishment by controlling the expression of Pi homeostasis and strigolactone (SL) hormone biosynthesis genes, as well as SL accumulation.HighlightsA subset of M. truncatula CEP genes is induced by AMS-promoting low phosphate conditions.The CEP1 peptides positively regulate AMS establishment, while the cra2 CEP receptor loss of function mutants display a reduced AMS colonization.The CEP/CRA2-dependent regulation of AMS acts through downstream signals distinct from the ones involved in root nodule symbiosis regulation. The CEP/CRA2 pathway regulates AMS establishment by controlling Pi homeostasis and strigolactone (SL) hormone biosynthesis genes, as well as SL accumulation.
Microbial photoproduction of heptane
Authors: Baca-Porcel Ángel , Legeret Bertrand , Auroy-Tarrago Pascaline , Veillet Florian , Giacalone Cécile , Cuine Stephan , Samire Poutoum Palakiyém , Moulin Solène , Li-Beisson Yonghua , Beisson Fred , Sorigué Damien 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFatty Acid Photodecarboxylase (FAP) has emerged as a promising catalyst for the biological production of long-chain hydrocarbons. We have recently shown that purified FAP or FAP-expressing bacteria can efficiently convert octanoic acid into heptane, thus extending the potential applications of FAP to medium-chain hydrocarbons (i.e., solvent- or kerosene-type). The scarcity of natural sources of octanoic acid presents a challenge however. Here, we explore the heptane production capacity of a FAP-expressingE. colistrain engineered to biosynthesize octanoic acid via a specific thioesterase. Various FAPs and C8-specific thioesterases were tested. A blue-light-inducible promoter was used to avoid chemical inducers. We found that the expression of FAP fused with TrxA resulted in a 10-fold increase in heptane production. Coexpression ofCuphea hookerianathioesterase andChlorella variabilisFAP achieved the highest heptane titer (12.5 mg.L-1). Scale-up experiments in 100 mL photobioreactors allowed a constant production of heptane over two days (22 mg.L-1.day-1).Graphical AbstractHighlightsAnE. colistrain producing heptane under blue light is described.Expression of FAP fused with TrxA increases heptane by 10-fold.A blue light-inducible promoter ensures high coexpression of FAP and thioesterase.Cuphea hookerianathioesterase andChlorella variabilisFAP give highest productionHighest reported heptane productivity (22 mg.L-1.day-1) in 100 mL photobioreactors.
Sex-dependent gastrointestinal colonization resistance to MRSA is microbiota and Th17 dependent
Authors: Lejeune Alannah , Zhou Chunyi , Ercelen Defne , Putzel Gregory , Yao Xiaomin , Guy Alyson R , Pawline Miranda , Podkowik Magdalena , Pironti Alejandro , Torres Victor J. , Shopsin Bo , Cadwell Ken 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTGastrointestinal (GI) colonization by methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) is associated with a high risk of transmission and invasive disease in vulnerable populations. The immune and microbial factors that permit GI colonization remain unknown. Male sex is correlated with enhancedStaphylococcus aureusnasal carriage, skin and soft tissue infections, and bacterial sepsis. Here, we established a mouse model of sexual dimorphism during GI colonization by MRSA. Our results show that in contrast to male mice that were susceptible to persistent colonization, female mice rapidly cleared MRSA from the GI tract following oral inoculation in a manner dependent on the gut microbiota. This colonization resistance displayed by female mice was mediated by an increase in IL-17A+ CD4+ T cells (Th17) and dependent on neutrophils. Ovariectomy of female mice increased MRSA burden, but gonadal female mice that have the Y chromosome retained enhanced Th17 responses and colonization resistance. Our study reveals a novel intersection between sex and gut microbiota underlying colonization resistance against a major widespread pathogen.
Invariant synaptic density links neuronal activity stability and wiring optimisation principles across species
Authors: Ferreira Castro André , Cardona Albert 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe nervous system scales with animal size while preserving function, yet the principles underlying this stability remain unclear. Here, we analyse the ultra-structure and connectivity of thousands of neuronal cells across species, including fly, zebrafish, mouse, and human, and found a conserved feature that stabilises neuronal responses across scales: an average of one synapse per micrometre of den-dritic cable. We show that the appropriate synaptic density is established during development through precise axon-dendrite positioning guided by molecular cues and synapt?ic activity. We find that this specific synaptic density is dictated by wiring optimisation in neurons, where dendrites minimise cable length and conduction delays. Finally, simulations demonstrate invariant synaptic density as a fundamental neuronal design principle, conserved for its ability to synergise with other cell-intrinsic properties to stabilise voltage responses across cell types and species. This work provides a new framework for understanding neuronal scaling, offering insights for the interpretation of circuit organisation across species