bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active involvement of micro-lipid droplets and lipid-droplet-associated proteins in hormone-stimulated lipolysis in adipocytes
Authors: Hashimoto Takeshi , Segawa Hiroki , Okuno Masanari , Kano Hideaki , Hamaguchi Hiro-o , Haraguchi Tokuko , Hiraoka Yasushi , Hasui Shiho , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Hirose Fumiko , Osumi Takashi 
Published: October 2012

Summary
The regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes involves coordinated actions of many lipid droplet (LD)-associated proteins such as perilipin, hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), and its activator protein, CGI-58. Here, we describe the cellular origin and physiological significance of micro LDs (mLDs) that emerge in the cytoplasm during active lipolysis, as well as the roles of key lipolytic proteins on mLDs in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy demonstrated that mLDs receive the fatty acid (FA) moiety of triglyceride from pre-existing LDs during lipolysis. However, when FA re-esterification was blocked, mLDs did not emerge. Time-lapse imaging of GFP-tagged LD-associated proteins and immunocytochemical analyses showed that particulate structures carrying LD-associated proteins emerged throughout the cells upon lipolytic stimulation, but not when FA re-esterification was blocked. Overall lipolysis, as estimated by glycerol release, was significantly lowered by blocking re-esterification, whereas release of free FAs was enhanced. ATGL was co-immunoprecipitated with CGI-58 from the homogenates of lipolytically stimulated cells. Following CGI-58 knockdown or ATGL inhibition with bromoenol lactone, release of both glycerol and FA was significantly lowered. AICAR, an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, significantly increased FA release, in accordance with increased expression of ATGL, even in the absence of CGI-58. These results suggest that, besides on the surface of pre-existing central LDs, LD-associated proteins are actively involved in lipolysis on mLDs that are formed by FA re-esterification. Regulation of mLDs and LD-associated proteins may be an attractive therapeutic target against lipid-associated metabolic diseases.
Direct mobilisation of lysosomal Ca2+ triggers complex Ca2+ signals
Authors: Kilpatrick Bethan S. , Eden Emily R. , Schapira Anthony H. , Futter Clare E. , Patel Sandip 
Published: October 2012

Summary
Accumulating evidence implicates acidic organelles of the endolysosomal system as mobilisable stores of Ca2+ but their relationship to the better-characterised endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ store remains unclear. Here we show that rapid osmotic permeabilisation of lysosomes evokes prolonged, spatiotemporally complex Ca2+ signals in primary cultured human fibroblasts. These Ca2+ signals comprised an initial response that correlated with lysosomal disruption and secondary long-lasting spatially heterogeneous Ca2+ oscillations that required ER-localised inositol trisphosphate receptors. Electron microscopy identified extensive membrane contact sites between lysosomes and the ER. Mobilisation of lysosomal Ca2+ stores is thus sufficient to evoke ER-dependent Ca2+ release probably through lysosome–ER membrane contact sites, and akin to the proposed mechanism of action of the Ca2+ mobilising messenger nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP). Our data identify functional and physical association of discrete Ca2+ stores important for the genesis of Ca2+ signal complexity.
A new accurate, simple formula for LDL-cholesterol estimation based on directly measured blood lipids from a large cohort
Authors: de Cordova Caio Mauricio Mendes , de Cordova Mauricio Mendes 
Published: October 2012

Background Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) is the major measured parameter for cardiovascular risk assessment. The generally accepted formula (LDL-F) for estimating LDL-c developed by Friedewald and colleagues in 1972 using data from 448 individuals suffers from known inaccuracies at extremes of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) values. Methods We generated new formulas based on a large Brazilian database containing directly measured lipid values from 10,664 fasted individuals. This database LDL-c was measured by the LDL-C Select FS (DiaSys) system, a homogeneous method without centrifugation. The formulas were generated using linear and non-linear approaches, and the formula with the highest accuracy and simplicity for general clinical use was selected. Results The simple formula LDL-c = 3/4 (TC - HDL-c) provided an accurate estimate of LDL-c, a higher correlation with directly measured LDL (r = 0.93) compared with LDL-F (r = 0.87), and also a higher accuracy. Conclusions The new formula outperformed several other LDL-c formulas over a wide range of TC, HDL-c and TG values. The validation and application of this formula in other populations is warranted.
Which point-of-care creatinine analyser for radiology: direct comparison of the i-Stat and StatStrip creatinine methods with different sample types
Authors: Dimeski Goce , Tilley Vera , Jones Brock W , Brown Nigel N 
Published: October 2012

Background Availability of whole blood creatinine estimation for patients scheduled to undergo radiological contrast investigations can provide information to aid patient care by reducing adverse effects and improving departmental efficiencies. Methods We performed imprecision studies, different patient sample type comparison in 40 participants, and a limited interference study with dopamine and dobutamine on the i-Stat and StatStrip point-of-care enzymatic analysers with the Beckman DxC800 Jaffe assay. Results Imprecision results showed that the i-Stat performed better. Patient comparison data indicated that the i-Stat provided better correlation than the StatStrip for all the different sample types with correlation coefficients (r2) being 0.995-0.996 and 0.918-0.995, respectively. The i-Stat results had a small positive bias of 6-9% for the three different sample types, which required different reference intervals. The StatStrip method showed greater scatter and overall small negative bias of 26% for the whole blood samples and a 10% positive bias with the plasma samples. Dopamine caused significant positive interference with the i-Stat only while dobutamine caused a small negative bias with the StatStrip method only. Conclusions The findings indicated there are differences offered by the two systems. The StatStrip requires a very small finger prick capillary sample, calculates estimation of the glomerular filtration rate and has an adjustment option to improve correlation with the local method. The i-Stat offers better analytical imprecision and patient comparison with the laboratory method with the three sample types but showed significant interference from dopamine. A final consideration was the availability of middleware to capture patient results with the i-Stat. Based on all the study data, the i-Stat was recommended.
Differences in the classification of hypertensive controlled patient in primary care: Cross sectional study
Authors: Barrera Lena , Millett Christopher , Blangiardo Marta , Pape Utz J. , Majeed Azeem 
Published: October 2012

Objectives To examine differences in blood pressure control using the 2006 National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines and the 2007 Quality and Outcome Framework (QOF) standards. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting 28 general practices located in Wandsworth, London. Participants Hypertensive patients aged 17 years and over. Main outcomes measures Percentage of hypertensive patients classified as a hypertensive controlled patient (HCP) by each standard. Results 79.5% of patients were classified as a HCP by the QOF target and 60.7% by the NICE target. 93% and 14% of practices had more than 70% of patients classified as a HPC by using the QOF and NICE targets respectively. By applying the QOF target, men aged 45–64 years and 65 years and over had significantly higher probability of being classified as a HCP compared to those aged 17–44 years, OR 1.34 (1.08–.165) and OR 2.15 (1.61–2.87) respectively. Regardless of the target, for men the probability of being classified as a HCP increased with age. Conclusion Better achievement of blood pressure control targets is present when the less stringent QOF target is used. Men aged 65 years and over were more likely to be classified as a HCP. Greater consistency is needed between the clinical targets in QOF and NICE guidance.
Public Emergency Laws & Regulations: Understanding Constraints & Opportunities
Authors: Wilson Lydia R. , McCreight Robert 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The thrust of this article is to provide emergency managers with a general introductory overview of major issues involved in public emergency law and review some basic issues which comprise elements of the legal framework of crisis management. This article is designed to be an informative piece for emergency managers about the law as it relates to handling a crisis event. The goal is to increase awareness of some of the major legal issues associated with a crisis regardless of magnitude and determine the extent to which this information may guide planning, preparedness and response options for the various local and state governments involved. This article, however, the authors outline a way to encourage a dialogue between emergency managers and corporate counsel, at least annually, to review legal issues and trends. The authors’ does not present legal advice. Instead, a primary goal is to clarify and illustrate some of the emergency manager’s legal duties and point out the possible risks of legal liability.
A reduction theorem for the blockwise Alperin weight conjecture
Authors: Späth Britta 
Published: October 2012

Abstract.We show that the blockwise version of the Alperin weight conjecture is true if for every finite non-abelian simple group a set of conditions holds. Furthermore we prove that several series of simple groups satisfy these assumptions. This refines recent work of Navarro and Tiep, who proved an analogous reduction theorem for the non-blockwise version of the Alperin weight conjecture.
Wo stehen wir in der Grammatiktheorie?
Bemerkungen anlässlich eines Buchs
von Stefan Müller
Authors: Sternefeld Wolfgang , Richter Frank 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Stefan Müller’s recent introductory textbook, “Grammatiktheorie”, is an
astonishingly comprehensive and insightful survey for beginning students of
the present state of syntactic theory. Müller’s inspiring exposition of modern
grammatical reasoning, which takes into account frameworks as diverse
as Categorial Grammar, Tree Adjoining Grammar, Head-driven
Phrase Structure Grammar, Minimalism and Construction Grammar
(among others!), leads us to an exploration of the validity of the popular
claim that grammar theory provides explanations for the human ability to
acquire and use linguistic skills. To what extent this claim is justified seems
unclear in light of the recent wealth of developments in neighboring fields
such as computational linguistics, corpus linguistics, psycholinguistics, and
statistical language modeling. In the first section of the paper, we discuss
what we perceive to be a widening gap between the claims to all-embracing
explanation in theoretical linguistics and the increasingly disturbing neglect
of a vast field of new data and analyses in the above-mentioned related
disciplines. Section 2 gives a condensed survey of the contents of Müller’s
book and discusses the relationships between the various frameworks. We
conclude with sceptical remarks on the book’s preference of breadth over
depth, the legacy of traditional grammar theory, and the future perspective
of linguistics.
Genes that characterize T3-predominant Graves' thyroid tissues
Authors: Matsumoto Chisa , Ito Mitsuru , Yamada Hiroya , Yamakawa Noriko , Yoshida Hiroshi , Date Arisa , Watanabe Mikio , Hidaka Yoh , Iwatani Yoshinori , Miyauchi Akira , Takano Toru 
Published: October 2012

Objective3,5,3′-Triiodothyronine (T3)-predominant Graves' disease is characterized by the increasing volume of thyroid goiter resulting in poor prognosis. Although type 1 and type 2 iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO1andDIO2respectively) are known to be overexpressed in the thyroid tissues of T3-predominant Graves' disease, the pathogenesis of this disease is still unclear. The aim of our study is to identify genes that characterize T3-predominant Graves' disease tissue in order to clarify the molecular mechanism of this disease.Design and methodsmRNAs from two thyroid tissues of both typical T3-predominant and common-type Graves' disease were analyzed with DNA microarrays with probes for 28 869 genes. Genes identified to be differentially expressed between the two groups were further analyzed in the second and third screenings using 70 Graves' thyroid tissues by real-time quantitative RT-PCR.ResultsTwenty-three candidate genes were selected as being differentially expressed in the first screening with microarrays. Among these, seven genes, leucine-rich repeat neuronal 1 (LRRN1), bone morphogenetic protein 8a (BMP8A), N-cadherin (CDH2), phosphodiesterase 1A (PDE1A), creatine kinase mitochondrial 2 (CKMT2), integrin beta-3 (ITGB3), and protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 4 (PTPN4), were confirmed to be differentially expressed inDIO1orDIO2over- and underexpressing Graves' tissues.ConclusionsThese genes are related to the characteristics of T3-predominant Graves' disease, such as high titer level of serum anti-TSH receptor antibody, high free T3to free thyroxine ratio, and a large goiter size. They might play a role in the pathogenesis of T3-predominant Graves' disease.
Association between menstrual cycle irregularities and endocrine and metabolic characteristics of the polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Panidis Dimitrios , Tziomalos Konstantinos , Chatzis Panagiotis , Papadakis Efstathios , Delkos Dimitrios , Tsourdi Elena A , Kandaraki Eleni A , Katsikis Ilias 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveInsulin resistance (IR) is frequent in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and contributes to the increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease of this population. Several markers of IR are used but most are expensive or have limited sensitivity and specificity. Preliminary data suggest that the menstrual cycle pattern correlates with IR in PCOS but existing studies are small. We aimed to assess the relationship between the type of menstrual cycle irregularities and IR in PCOS.DesignProspective study.MethodsWe studied 1285 women with PCOS, divided according to the menstrual cycle pattern.ResultsPatients with isolated secondary amenorrhea and those with secondary amenorrhea alternating with regular menstrual cycles were more insulin resistant than patients with regular cycles (Group D). Patients with isolated oligomenorrhea were also more insulin resistant than Group D. However, patients with oligomenorrhea alternating with regular cycles, secondary amenorrhea, or polymenorrhea had comparable levels of markers of IR with Group D. Moreover, patients with oligomenorrhea alternating with regular cycles were less insulin resistant than patients with secondary amenorrhea alternating with regular cycles. Finally, patients with isolated polymenorrhea and those with polymenorrhea alternating with regular cycles had comparable levels of markers of IR with Group D.ConclusionsAmenorrhea is associated with more pronounced IR in PCOS, and oligomenorrhea portends a less excessive risk for IR than amenorrhea whereas polymenorrhea appears to be even more benign metabolically. Therefore, the type of menstrual cycle abnormality appears to represent a useful tool for identifying a more adverse metabolic profile in PCOS.
Relief of Pain and Anxiety in Pediatric Patients in Emergency Medical Systems
Authors: Fein Joel A. , Zempsky William T. , Cravero Joseph P. ,   THE COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE AND SECTION ON ANESTHESIOLOGY AND PAIN MEDICINE
Published: October 2012

This Clinical Report was reaffirmed December 2020.
Control of pain and stress for children is a vital component of emergency medical care. Timely administration of analgesia affects the entire emergency medical experience and can have a lasting effect on a child’s and family’s reaction to current and future medical care. A systematic approach to pain management and anxiolysis, including staff education and protocol development, can provide comfort to children in the emergency setting and improve staff and family satisfaction.
Insider Trading, Litigation Concerns, and Auditor Going-Concern Opinions
Authors: Chen Chen , Martin Xiumin , Wang Xin 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT:
We investigate whether insider selling affects the likelihood of firms receiving auditor going-concern opinions. Prior studies document significant negative market reactions to the issuance of going-concern opinions, indicating that such opinions convey bad news to investors. Insider sales followed by negative news are likely to attract regulators' scrutiny and investor class-action lawsuits. Therefore, we predict that, to reduce the risk of litigation, managers have incentives to avoid receiving going-concern opinions after their insider sales by pressuring auditors for clean audit opinions. We evaluate this prediction empirically and find that the probability of receiving a going-concern opinion is negatively associated with the level of insider selling. Further analysis indicates that this negative relation is more pronounced for firms that are economically significant to their auditors but less pronounced when (1) auditors have concerns about litigation exposure and reputation loss and (2) audit committees are more independent. Finally, the negative relation between going-concern opinions and insider sales is significantly weakened after SOX.
JEL Classifications: G18; M42; G48.
Eleven microsatellite markers for the mountain clover Trifolium montanum (Fabaceae)
Authors: Matter Philippe , Määttänen Kirsti , Kettle Chris J. , Ghazoul Jaboury , Pluess Andrea R. 
Published: October 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed in Trifolium montanum to investigate pollen dispersal patterns at landscape scale with a pollen‐pool analysis (indirect parentage analysis) as well as in an experimental set‐up with a direct paternity analysis.• Methods and Results: Screening 46 microsatellites developed for T. repens yielded four markers usable in T. montanum. Seven additional ones have been developed specifically for the target species using a 454‐sequencing approach. All markers were polymorphic, with an allele number ranging from two to 45 based upon 254 individuals sampled from four populations, and an exclusion probability of 0.999.• Conclusions: These markers proved a useful and reliable molecular tool for use in population genetics and parentage studies of this common grassland herb.
Characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers in the liverwort Marchantia inflexa (Marchantiaceae)
Authors: Brzyski Jessica R. , Adams Kelly J. , Walter Charlotte M. , Gale Kristin H. , McLetchie D. Nicholas 
Published: October 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed in Marchantia inflexa, a haploid liverwort with unisexual individuals, to identify clonal genotypes and measure population genetic variability.• Methods and Results: Twelve polymorphic primer sets were developed from three enriched genomic libraries. Primers were fluorescently labeled, and alleles were identified by fragment analysis. These primers were tested in four natural populations and revealed a moderate level of genetic variation within four populations, as indicated by the number of alleles per locus (range = 1–5).• Conclusions: Development of polymorphic markers is crucial to the identification of individuals and will allow additional research into this species, particularly on its population genetics and metapopulation dynamics.
La communication juvénile à travers les blogs de lycéens
Authors: Delaunay-Téterel Hélène 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Le contenu des blogs, qui semble mimer le familier des conversations et des activités quotidiennes, recouvre quatre formats communicationnels et relationnels. Aux côtés du format principal, qui permet la présentation de ses proches et la mémorisation des événements communs, trois formats sont présents : le partage des goûts et pratiques culturels, le partage de ses intériorités et le partage de ses idées. Le blog constitue ainsi une scène de plus en plus décisive dans la vie sociale adolescente et contribue à la construction identitaire.
5-Lipoxygenase Mediates RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Formation via the Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor 1
Authors: Lee Jung-Min , Park Hyojung , Noh A Long Sae Mi , Kang Ju-Hee , Chen Ling , Zheng Ting , Lee Juhyun , Ji Sun-Young , Jang Chang-Young , Shin Chan Soo , Ha Hyunil , Lee Zang Hee , Park Hea-Young , Lee Dong-Seok , Yim Mijung 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) catalyzes the formation of two major groups of leukotrienes, leukotriene B4 and cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs), and it has been implicated as a promising drug target to treat various inflammatory diseases. However, its role in osteoclastogenesis has not been investigated. In this study, we used mouse bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMMs) to show that 5-LO inhibitor suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclast formation. Inhibition of 5-LO was associated with impaired activation of multiple signaling events downstream of RANK, including ERK and p38 phosphorylation, and IκB degradation, followed by a decrease in NFATc1 expression. Ectopic overexpression of a constitutively active form of NFATc1 partly rescued the antiosteoclastogenic effect of 5-LO inhibitor. The knockdown of 5-LO in BMMs also resulted in a significant reduction in RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, accompanied by decreased expression of NFATc1. Similar effects were shown with CysLT receptor (CysLTR)1/2 antagonist and small RNA for CysLTR1 in BMMs, indicating the involvement of CysLT and CysLTR1 in 5-LO–mediated osteoclastogenesis. Finally, 5-LO inhibitor suppressed LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone loss in the in vivo mouse experiments, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for treating diseases involving bone destruction. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that 5-LO is a key mediator of RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and possibly a novel therapeutic target for bone-resorption diseases.