bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient‐Perceived Pressure from Clinicians for Labor Induction and Cesarean Delivery: A Population‐Based Survey of U.S. Women
Authors: Jou Judy , Kozhimannil Katy B. , Johnson Pamela Jo , Sakala Carol 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo determine whether patient‐perceived pressure from clinicians for labor induction or cesarean delivery is significantly associated with having these procedures.Data Sources/Study SettingListening to Mothers III, a nationally representative survey of women 18–45 years who delivered a singleton infant in a U.S. hospital July 2011–June 2012 (N = 2,400).Study DesignMultivariate logistic regression analysis of factors associated with perceived pressure and estimation of odds of induction and cesarean given perceived pressure.Principal FindingsOverall, 14.8 percent of respondents perceived pressure from a clinician for labor induction and 13.3 percent for cesarean delivery. Women who perceived pressure for labor induction had higher odds of induction overall (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.51; 95 percent confidence interval [CI]: 2.5–5.0) and without medical reason (aOR: 2.13; 95 percent CI: 1.3–3.4) compared with women who did not perceive pressure. Those perceiving pressure for cesarean delivery had higher odds of cesarean overall (aOR: 5.17; 95 percent CI: 3.2–8.4), without medical reason (aOR: 6.13; 95 percent CI: 3.4–11.1), and unplanned cesarean (aOR: 6.70; 95 percent CI: 4.0–11.3).ConclusionsPatient‐perceived pressure from clinicians significantly predicts labor induction and cesarean delivery. Efforts to reduce provider–patient miscommunication and minimize potentially unnecessary procedures may be warranted.
Agricultural Financial Risks Resulting from Extreme Events
Authors: Xouridas Stergios 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDecision‐makers in the agricultural sector operate in a volatile and risky environment. The statistical assessment of agricultural commodity prices is necessary to deduce the stylised facts of agricultural markets and guide the action of market participants. This article examines the kurtosis values of 60 agricultural commodities and presents evidence that the distributions of their returns are fat‐tailed. We use power‐law distributions to model the tail returns and the possible time‐varying extreme event risks in commodity markets. Our results suggest that the usefulness of the value at risk and expected shortfall as risk management tools is questionable.
Evaluating Extraction Conditions of Glucosinolate Hydrolytic Products from Seeds of Eruca sativa (Mill.) Thell. Using GC‐MS
Authors: Arora Rohit , Sharma Deepika , Kumar Rakesh , Singh Bikram , Vig Adarsh P. , Arora Saroj 
Published: September 2014

AbstractGlucosinolates and their hydrolytic products form an important class of plant secondary metabolites involved in various plant defense‐linked mechanisms. The successful isolation of particular glucosinolate hydrolytic products is limited by a number of factors like understanding the parent glucosinolate moiety, solubility, and stability under different drying conditions. The extraction protocols currently available were modified to achieve both an increased yield as well as an increased number of hydrolytic products. Eruca sativa (Mill.) Thell. (called arugula in the U.S.A.), a rich source of varied glucosinolates, was used for the standardization of different extraction protocols. We exploited the volatile nature of the glucosinolates and developed a method that not only enhanced the yield of glucosinolate hydrolytic products, but also reduced undesired compounds. Among all the tested protocols, hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus was judged as the best protocol, which was evident from an enhanced yield as well as an increased number of hydrolytic products when compared to the other methods as monitored by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry.
The market for credit default swaps: new insights into investors' use of accounting information?
Authors: Griffin Paul A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe market for credit default swaps has developed into a well‐functioning, global multi‐trillion dollar market, wherein investors price and transfer corporate financial instruments on the basis of credit risk. This paper first summarizes the structure and growth of the market. Next, I introduce theory and evidence on how investors price credits risk and explain how the quality of financial statement information plays a unique role in the determination of credit spread. I then review the nascent empirical accounting literature on this topic. This review sheds light on several accounting research questions that might be understood better in the setting of the credit default swap market. The final section summarizes suggestions for future work.
Tests of the effects of adolescent early alcohol exposures on adult outcomes
Authors: Irons Daniel E. , Iacono William G. , McGue Matt 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimsTo determine whether early adolescent alcohol use contributes to adult alcohol use, misuse and other adult substance‐related and social outcomes.DesignIn a longitudinal study of twins assessed at target ages 11, 14 and 24 years, two techniques adjusted for confounding factors: a propensity score (PS) adjusting for the effects of measured background covariates and co‐twin control (CTC) adjusting for confounding by unmeasured (including genetic) factors shared within early alcohol exposure‐discordant pairs.SettingThe community‐based Minnesota Twin Family Study.ParticipantsA total of 1512 (50.3% female) twins.MeasurementsEarly adolescent alcohol exposures, adult substance‐related and social outcomes and background variables reflecting behavioral, familial and environmental characteristics.FindingsBackground covariates unbalanced between those with and without early alcohol exposure were balanced through PS‐based weighting, leaving several adult outcomes related to substance use or social functioning remaining significantly associated with early alcohol exposure. Similarly, the within‐pair individual‐level component of a CTC indicated that early alcohol‐exposed twins had higher risk than their non‐exposed co‐twins for several, but not all, of the same adult outcomes. For example, early alcohol use was associated with an adult index of alcohol use in both PS‐weighted (β = 0.57, P < 0.001) and CTC (β = 0.21, P = 0.031) analyses.ConclusionsEarly alcohol exposures predict adult alcohol problems and related outcomes, despite stringent adjustment for measured and non‐measured sources of potential confounding using propensity score and co‐twin control. Contrasting the methods indicated that exposure effect estimates from PS application were likely biased by unmeasured confounding factors.
Possibilities and considerations when merging dietary data from the world's two largest pregnancy cohorts: the Danish National Birth Cohort and the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study
Authors: Olsen Sjurdur F. , Eva Birgisdottir Bryndis , Halldorsson Thorhallur I. , Brantsæter Anne Lise , Haugen Margaretha , Torjusen Hanne , Petersen Sesilje B. , Strøm Marin , Meltzer Helle Margrete 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo elucidate the research possibilities when merging data on maternal diet from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) and the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), through comparison of (i) the methodology used for dietary assessment and (ii) the estimated intake of selected food groups in the two cohorts.DesignQualitative and quantitative comparison of the two dietary databases.SettingTwo national prospective pregnancy cohorts.PopulationDenmark, Norway.MethodsComparison of food intake using food frequency questionnaires (FFQs).ResultsThe FFQs had overlapping time windows and a majority of the questions in the two FFQs were comparable. Calculation principles shared similar features, including the software used and use of global questions to calibrate intakes of different food groups. A total of 63 food groups were defined that could be compared across the two cohorts; these were further aggregated down to 31 broader groups. A comparison of food intakes (grams/d) showed 39, 74 and 141% lower daily intakes of fish, potatoes and rice, respectively, in DNBC vs. MoBa and 39, 54 and 65% higher daily intakes of milk, butter and potatoes in DNBC vs. MoBa. For most other food groups, differences in consumption data were below 20%.ConclusionsThe two FFQs are to a large extent compatible and substantial differences in dietary habits were observed between the two cohorts. This may strengthen studies using pooled analysis to examine diet–disease relations. This is a conclusion of great importance given the colossal and costly task involved to establish each of these two cohorts.
In patients with a previous negative prostate biopsy and a suspicious lesion on magnetic resonance imaging, is a 12‐core biopsy still necessary in addition to a targeted biopsy?
Authors: Salami Simpa S. , Ben‐Levi Eran , Yaskiv Oksana , Ryniker Laura , Turkbey Baris , Kavoussi Louis R. , Villani Robert , Rastinehad Ardeshir R. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate the performance of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in predicting prostate cancer on repeat biopsy; and to compare the cancer detection rates (CDRs) of MRI/transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) fusion‐guided biopsy with standard 12‐core biopsy in men with at least one previous negative biopsy.Patients and MethodsWe prospectively enrolled men with elevated or rising PSA levels and/or abnormal digital rectal examination into our MRI/TRUS fusion‐guided prostate biopsy trial. Participants underwent a 3 T mpMRI with an endorectal coil. Three radiologists graded all suspicious lesions on a 5‐point Likert scale. MRI/TRUS fusion‐guided biopsies of suspicious prostate lesions and standard TRUS‐guided 12‐core biopsies were performed. Analysis of 140 eligible men with at least one previous negative biopsy was performed. We calculated CDRs and estimated area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of mpMRI in predicting any cancer and clinically significant prostate cancer.ResultsThe overall CDR was 65.0% (91/140). Higher level of suspicion on mpMRI was significantly associated with prostate cancer detection (P < 0.001) with an AUC of 0.744 compared with 0.653 and 0.680 for PSA level and PSA density, respectively. The CDRs of MRI/TRUS fusion‐guided and standard 12‐core biopsy were 52.1% (73/140) and 48.6% (68/140), respectively (P = 0.435). However, fusion biopsy was more likely to detect clinically significant prostate cancer when compared with the 12‐core biopsy (47.9% vs 30.7%; P < 0.001). Of the cancers missed by 12‐core biopsy, 20.9% (19/91) were clinically significant. Most cancers missed by 12‐core biopsy (69.6%) were located in the anterior fibromuscular stroma and transition zone. Using a fusion‐biopsy‐only approach in men with an MRI suspicion score of ≥4 would have missed only 3.5% of clinically significant prostate cancers.ConclusionsUsing mpMRI and subsequent MRI/TRUS fusion‐guided biopsy platform may improve detection of clinically significant prostate cancer in men with previous negative biopsies. Addition of a 12‐core biopsy may be needed to avoid missing some clinically significant prostate cancers.
Sunitinib‐induced hypertension, neutropaenia and thrombocytopaenia as predictors of good prognosis in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Rautiola Juhana , Donskov Frede , Peltola Katriina , Joensuu Heikki , Bono Petri 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo evaluate the clinical significance of hypertension (HTN), neutropaenia and thrombocytopaenia as possible new biomarkers of sunitinib efficacy in non‐trial patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC).Patients and MethodsIn all, 181 consecutive patients with mRCC were treated with sunitinib; 39 (22%) received sunitinib 50 mg/day 4 weeks on/2 weeks off, 80 (44%) received 37.5 mg/day continuously and 62 (34%) received 25 mg/day continuously as their starting dose. Treatment‐induced adverse events (AEs) and their impact on outcome were analysed on multiple sunitinib doses.ResultsDuring sunitinib treatment 60 patients (33%) developed ≥grade 2 HTN, 88 (49%) ≥grade 2 neutropaenia and 135 (75%) ≥grade 1 thrombocytopaenia. These AEs were associated significantly with longer progression‐free survival (PFS; 15.7 vs 6.7; 14.6 vs 6.9; 10.4 vs 4.2 months, respectively; P < 0.001) and overall survival (OS; 37.5 vs 16.2; 33.7 vs 13.2; 22.3 vs 13.2 months, respectively, P ≤ 0.008). Although only neutropaenia was associated with a significantly improved PFS and OS in all sunitinib doses, a similar trend was also seen with HTN and thrombocytopaenia in all sunitinib doses. In multivariate analysis, HTN and neutropaenia were significantly associated with PFS and OS and thrombocytopaenia was significantly associated with PFS. In a 12‐week landmark analysis, HTN and thrombocytopaenia were significantly associated with PFS and OS. Patients who developed all three AEs (a favourable biomarker profile) had significantly better outcome than patients without these AEs (a poor biomarker profile); response rate 47% vs 4%, median PFS 27.1 vs 3.5 months and OS not reached vs 5.3 months (all P < 0.001).ConclusionHTN, neutropaenia and thrombocytopaenia were all biomarkers of sunitinib efficacy in patients with mRCC. Our results may help to individualise sunitinib dosing during therapy based on these common sunitinib‐related AEs.
Code clouds: Qualitative geovisualization of geotweets
Authors: Jung Jin‐Kyu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe popularity of geotagged social media has provided many research opportunities for geographers and GIScientists in the digital age. This article reviews innovative approaches to studying spatially linked social media, and applies lessons taken from qualitative GIS and geographic visualization to improve these approaches. I introduce the idea of “code clouds” as a potential technique for the qualitative geovisualization of spatial information. Code clouds can depict and visualize analytic codes, or codes identifying key ideas and themes, that are generated through digital qualitative research. Rather than transforming qualitative forms of data into categories or numbers, code clouds attempt to preserve and represent the context of data as a visualized outcome of qualitative analysis. I use examples from an exploratory case study of geotweets in King County, WA, to demonstrate how code clouds can be applied to the production of meanings through qualitative geovisualization.
Can Culture Influence Body‐Specific Associations Between Space and Valence?
Authors: de la Fuente Juanma , Casasanto Daniel , Román Antonio , Santiago Julio 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPeople implicitly associate positive ideas with their dominant side of space and negative ideas with their non‐dominant side. Right‐handers tend to associate “good” with “right” and “bad” with “left,” but left‐handers associate “bad” with “right” and “good” with “left.” Whereas right‐handers' implicit associations align with idioms in language and culture that link “good” with “right,” left‐handers' implicit associations go against them. Can cultural conventions modulate the body‐specific association between valence and left‐right space? Here, we compared people from Spanish and Moroccan cultures, which differ in the strength of taboos against the use of the left hand, and therefore in their preference for the right. Results showed stronger explicit associations between space and valence in Moroccan participants than in Spaniards, but they did not show any increased tendency for right‐handed Moroccans to associate “good” with “right” implicitly. Despite differences in cultural conventions between Spaniards and Moroccans, we find no evidence for a cross‐cultural difference in the implicit association between space and valence, which appears to depend on patterns of bodily experience.
Development and validation of a parent‐report measure for detection of cognitive delay in infancy
Authors: Schafer Graham , Genesoni Lucia , Boden Greg , Doll Helen , Jones Rosamond A K , Gray Ron , Adams Eleri , Jefferson Ros 
Published: September 2014

AimTo develop a brief, parent‐completed instrument (ERIC – Early Report by Infant Caregivers) for detection of cognitive delay in 10‐ to 24‐month‐olds born preterm, or of low birthweight, or with perinatal complications, and to establish ERIC's diagnostic properties.MethodScores for ERIC were collected from the parents of 317 children meeting ≥inclusion criterion (birthweight <1500g, gestational age <34 completed weeks, 5min Apgar score <7, or presence of hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy) and no exclusion criteria. Children were assessed using a criterion score of below 80 on the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development‐III cognitive scale. Items were retained according to their individual associations with delay. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were estimated and a truncated ERIC was developed for use in children <14 months old.ResultsERIC correctly detected developmental delay in 17 out of 18 children in the sample, with 94.4% sensitivity, 76.9% specificity, 19.8% positive predictive value, 99.6% negative predictive value, 4.09 likelihood ratio positive, and 0.07 likelihood ratio negative.InterpretationERIC has potential value as a quickly administered diagnostic instrument for the absence of early cognitive delay in 10‐ to 24‐month‐old preterm infants and as a screen for cognitive delay.
Fat distribution in children and adolescents with myelomeningocele
Authors: Mueske Nicole M , Ryan Deirdre D , Van Speybroeck Alexander L , Chan Linda S , Wren Tishya AL 
Published: September 2014

AimTo evaluate fat distribution in children and adolescents with myelomeningocele using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA).MethodCross‐sectional DXA measurements of the percentage of fat in the trunk, arms, legs, and whole body were compared between 82 children with myelomeningocele (45 males, 37 females; mean age 9y 8mo, SD 2y 7mo; 22 sacral, 13 low lumbar, 47 mid lumbar and above) and 119 comparison children (65 males, 54 females; mean age 10y 4mo, SD 2y 4mo). Differences in fat distribution between groups were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsChildren with myelomeningocele had higher total body fat (34% vs 31%, p=0.02) and leg fat (42% vs 35%, p<0.001) than comparison children, but no differences in trunk or arm fat after adjustment for anthropometric measures.InterpretationChildren with myelomeningocele have higher than normal total body and leg fat, but only children with higher level lesions have increased trunk fat, which may be caused by greater obesity in this group. Quantifying segmental fat distribution may aid in better assessment of excess weight and, potentially, the associated health risks.
Inflammatory and bone turnover markers in a cross‐sectional and prospective study of acute Charcot osteoarthropathy
Authors: Petrova N. L. , Dew T. K. , Musto R. L. , Sherwood R. A. , Bates M. , Moniz C. F. , Edmonds M. E. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimsTo assess markers of inflammation and bone turnover at presentation and at resolution of Charcot osteoarthropathy.MethodsWe measured serum inflammatory and bone turnover markers in a cross‐sectional study of 35 people with Charcot osteoarthropathy, together with 34 people with diabetes and 12 people without diabetes. In addition, a prospective study of the subjects with Charcot osteoarthropathy was conducted until clinical resolution.ResultsAt presentation, C‐reactive protein (P = 0.007), tumour necrosis factor‐α (P = 0.010) and interleukin‐6 (P = 0.002), but not interleukin‐1β, (P = 0.254) were significantly higher in people with Charcot osteoarthropathy than in people with and without diabetes. Serum C‐terminal telopeptide (P = 0.004), bone alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.006) and osteoprotegerin (P < 0.001), but not tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (P = 0.126) and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κβ ligand (P = 0.915), were significantly higher in people with Charcot osteoarthropathy than in people with and without diabetes.At follow‐up it was found that tumour necrosis factor‐α (P = 0.012) and interleukin‐6 (P = 0.003), but not C‐reactive protein (P = 0.101), interleukin‐1β (P = 0.457), C‐terminal telopeptide (P = 0.743), bone alkaline phosphatase (P = 0.193), tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (P = 0.856), osteoprotegerin (P = 0.372) or soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kβ ligand (P = 0.889), had significantly decreased between presentation and the 3 months of casting therapy time point, and all analytes remained unchanged from 3 months of casting therapy until resolution. In people with Charcot osteoarthropathy, there was a positive correlation between interleukin‐6 and C‐terminal telopeptide (P = 0.028) and tumour necrosis factor‐α and C‐terminal telopeptide (P = 0.013) only at presentation.ConclusionsAt the onset of acute Charcot foot, serum concentrations of tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 were elevated; however, there was a significant reduction in these markers at resolution and these markers may be useful in the assessment of disease activity.
The influence of family history of diabetes on disease prevalence and associated metabolic risk factors among Sri Lankan adults
Authors: Katulanda P. , Ranasinghe P. , Jayawardena R. , Sheriff R. , Matthews D. R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimsTo describe the influence of family history on diabetes prevalence and associated metabolic risk factors in a nationally representative sample from Sri Lanka.MethodsA cross sectional national survey was conducted among 5000 adults in Sri Lanka. Family history was evaluated at three levels: (1) parents, (2) grandparents (paternal and maternal) and (3) siblings. A binary‐logistic regression analysis controlling for confounders (age, gender, BMI and physical activity) was performed in all patients with ‘presence of diabetes’ as the dichotomous dependent variable and using family history in father, mother, maternal grandmother/grandfather, paternal grandmother/grandfather, siblings and children as binary independent variables.ResultsThe sample size was 4485, mean age was 46.1 ± 15.1 years and 39.5% were males. In all adults, the prevalence of diabetes was significantly higher in patients with a family history (23.0%) than those without (8.2%) (P < 0.001). When family history was present in both parents, the prevalence of diabetes was 32.9%. Presence of a family history significantly increased the risk of diabetes [odds ratio (OR): 3.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.78–4.03], obesity (OR: 2.45, 95% CI: 1.99–2.99), hypertension (OR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.08–1.45) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.97–2.63). In all adults, the presence of a family history of diabetes in a father (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.02–1.63), mother (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.11–1.36), paternal grandfather (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.14–1.41), siblings (OR: 4.18, 95% CI: 3.34–5.22) and children (OR: 5.47, 95% CI: 2.93–10.19) was associated with a significantly increased risk of developing diabetes.ConclusionsFamily history and diabetes had a graded association in the Sri Lankan population, because the prevalence increased with the increasing number of generations affected. Family history of diabetes was also associated with the prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and hypertension. Individuals with a family history of diabetes form an easily identifiable group who may benefit from targeted interventions.