bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Target animal safety study of meloxicam administered via transmucosal oral spray (Promist® technology) for 6 months in dogs
Authors: Hare J. E. , Niemuller C. A. , Petrick D. M. 
Published: September 2012

This study evaluated the safety of meloxicam administered via transmucosal oral spray (TMOS) at 1, 2, 3 and 5 times the maximum proposed dose for 6 months in dogs. After baseline assessments, 40 Beagles (20 M, 20 F) were randomized to gender‐balanced groups administered either water or meloxicam TMOS at 1, 2, 3 and 5 times the maximum proposed dose once daily for 26 weeks. Dogs were subjected to daily food consumption measurements and clinical and dose site observations. Periodic evaluations were made of body weight, physical examination, clinical pathology, urinalysis, buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT) and gastroduodenal endoscopy. At study completion, all dogs were subjected to gross necropsy. Histopathology was performed on tissues from dogs in groups 0X and 5X and from selected tissues in other dose groups. Clinical signs of previously reported NSAID‐associated gastrointestinal upset were noted with higher frequency in meloxicam‐dosed animals than in controls. Despite the presence of statistically significant effects on some clinicopathological variables, no toxicologically relevant dose‐associated effects were determined on these or on food consumption, dose site observations, body weight, physical examination, urinalysis, BMBT, endoscopic examination or gross and histopathological examination of necropsy tissues.
AXING WICKSELL'S DURABILITY RESULT
Authors: Steedman Ian 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn the course of discussing Åkerman's problem, Wicksell maintained that, when capitalists can choose the length of life of a fixed capital good, the chosen lifetime will be positively related to the real wage. It is shown that this conclusion collapses once we drop Wicksell's extreme assumption that the capital good is made by unassisted labour.
Antigenic differences between the EG95‐related proteins from Echinococcus granulosus G1 and G6 genotypes: implications for vaccination
Authors: Alvarez Rojas C. A. , Gauci C. G. , Lightowlers M. W. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryCystic echinococcosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus remains an important and neglected issue in public health. The study of the likely efficacy of the currently available EG95 vaccine against other genotypes of the parasite is important to improve the vaccine as a potential tool to be used in control programmes. The recombinant vaccine EG95‐1G1 was developed based on the G1 genotype of E. granulosus. Characterization of the eg95 gene family in the G6 genotype by genomic DNA cloning previously produced the first unequivocal information about the composition of the gene family in a different genotype. The information was used in this study to predict and express two EG95‐related proteins from the G6 genotype as recombinants, for assessment of their capacity to bind antibodies raised in sheep vaccinated with the EG95‐1G1 vaccine. The proteins (EG95‐1G6 and EG95‐5G6) from the G6 genotype of E. granulosus were unable to bind all the antibodies raised by sheep vaccinated with EG95‐1G1. Differences in the amino acid sequence of EG95‐related proteins from G6 and likely the differences in the encoded FnIII domain may be responsible for changes in the conformation of these epitopes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Halomonas smyrnensis AAD6
T
Authors: Sogutcu Elif , Emrence Zeliha , Arikan Muzzaffer , Cakiris Aris , Abaci Neslihan , Öner Ebru Toksoy , Üstek Duran , Arga Kazim Yalcin 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Halomonas smyrnensis
AAD6
T
is a Gram-negative, aerobic, exopolysaccharide-producing, and moderately halophilic bacterium that produces levan, a fructose homopolymer with many potential uses in various industries. We report the draft genome sequence of
H. smyrnensis
AAD6
T
, which will accelerate research on the rational design and optimization of microbial levan production.
Complete Genome Sequence of Desulfurococcus fermentans, a Hyperthermophilic Cellulolytic Crenarchaeon Isolated from a Freshwater Hot Spring in Kamchatka, Russia
Authors: Susanti Dwi , Johnson Eric F. , Rodriguez Jason R. , Anderson Iain , Perevalova Anna A. , Kyrpides Nikos , Lucas Susan , Han James , Lapidus Alla , Cheng Jan-Fang , Goodwin Lynne , Pitluck Sam , Mavrommatis Konstantinos , Peters Lin , Land Miriam L. , Hauser Loren , Gopalan Venkat , Chan Patricia P. , Lowe Todd M. , Atomi Haruyuki , Bonch-Osmolovskaya Elizaveta A. , Woyke Tanja , Mukhopadhyay Biswarup 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Desulfurococcus fermentans
is the first known cellulolytic archaeon. This hyperthermophilic and strictly anaerobic crenarchaeon produces hydrogen from fermentation of various carbohydrates and peptides without inhibition by accumulating hydrogen. The complete genome sequence reported here suggested that
D. fermentans
employs membrane-bound hydrogenases and novel glycohydrolases for hydrogen production from cellulose.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Strain Cp162, Isolated from Camel
Authors: Hassan Syed Shah , Schneider Maria Paula C. , Ramos Rommel Thiago Jucá , Carneiro Adriana R. , Ranieri Alex , Guimarães Luis Carlos , Ali Amjad , Bakhtiar Syeda Marriam , Pereira Ulisses de Pádua , dos Santos Anderson Rodrigues , Soares Siomar de Castro , Dorella Fernanda , Pinto Anne Cybelle , Ribeiro Dayana , Barbosa Maria Silvanira , Almeida Síntia , Abreu Vinícius , Aburjaile Flávia , Fiaux Karina , Barbosa Eudes , Diniz Carlos , Rocha Flavia S. , Saxena Rashmi , Tiwari Sandeep , Zambare Vasudeo , Ghosh Preetam , Pacheco Luis G. C. , Dowson Christopher G. , Kumar Anil , Barh Debmalya , Miyoshi Anderson , Azevedo Vasco , Silva Artur 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
is a pathogen of great veterinary and economic importance, since it affects livestock, mainly sheep and goats, worldwide, together with reports of its presence in camels in several Arabic, Asiatic, and East and West African countries, as well as Australia. In this article, we report the genome sequence of
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
strain Cp162, collected from the external neck abscess of a camel in the United Kingdom.
Analysis of the Genome of Mycobacterium abscessus Strain M94 Reveals an Uncommon Cluster of tRNAs
Authors: Choo Siew Woh , Wong Yan Ling , Leong Mee Lian , Heydari Hamed , Ong Chia Sui , Ng Kee Peng , Ngeow Yun Fong 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium abscessus
is a species of rapidly growing nontuberculous mycobacteria that is frequently associated with opportunistic infections in humans. Here, we report the annotated genome sequence of
M. abscessus
strain M94, which showed an unusual cluster of tRNAs.
Increased Nasopharyngeal Bacterial Titers and Local Inflammation Facilitate Transmission of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Short Kirsty R. , Reading Patrick C. , Wang Nancy , Diavatopoulos Dimitri A. , Wijburg Odilia L. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe transmission of the bacteriumStreptococcus pneumoniae(the pneumococcus) marks the first step toward disease development. To date, our ability to prevent pneumococcal transmission has been limited by our lack of understanding regarding the factors which influence the spread of this pathogen. We have previously developed an infant mouse model of pneumococcal transmission which was strictly dependent on influenza A virus (IAV) coinfection of both the experimentally colonized “index mice” and the naive cohoused “contact mice.” Here, we sought to use this model to further elucidate the factors which facilitateS. pneumoniaetransmission. In the present report, we demonstrate that increasing the nasopharyngeal load ofS. pneumoniaein the colonized index mice (via the depletion of neutrophils) and inducing a proinflammatory response in the naive cohoused contact mice (as demonstrated by cytokine production) facilitatesS. pneumoniaetransmission. Thus, these data provide the first insights into the factors that help mediate the spread ofS. pneumoniaethroughout the community.IMPORTANCEStreptococcus pneumoniae(the pneumococcus) is a major cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality and is a leading cause of death among children under the age of five years. Transmission ofS. pneumoniaemarks the first step toward disease development. Therefore, understanding the factors that influence the spread of pneumococci throughout the community plays an essential role in preventing pneumococcal disease. We previously developed the first reproducible infant mouse model for pneumococcal transmission and showed that coinfection with influenza virus facilitates the spread ofS. pneumoniae. Here, we show that increasing the bacterial load in the nasal cavity of colonized individuals as well as inducing an inflammatory response in naive “contact cases” facilitates the spread of pneumococci. Therefore, this study helps to identify the factors which must be inhibited in order to successfully prevent pneumococcal disease.
Propionibacterium acnes Bacteriophages Display Limited Genetic Diversity and Broad Killing Activity against Bacterial Skin Isolates
Authors: Marinelli Laura J. , Fitz-Gibbon Sorel , Hayes Clarmyra , Bowman Charles , Inkeles Megan , Loncaric Anya , Russell Daniel A. , Jacobs-Sera Deborah , Cokus Shawn , Pellegrini Matteo , Kim Jenny , Miller Jeff F. , Hatfull Graham F. , Modlin Robert L. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Investigation of the human microbiome has revealed diverse and complex microbial communities at distinct anatomic sites. The microbiome of the human sebaceous follicle provides a tractable model in which to study its dominant bacterial inhabitant,
Propionibacterium acnes
, which is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of the human disease acne. To explore the diversity of the bacteriophages that infect
P. acnes
, 11
P. acnes
phages were isolated from the sebaceous follicles of donors with healthy skin or acne and their genomes were sequenced. Comparative genomic analysis of the
P. acnes
phage population, which spans a 30-year temporal period and a broad geographic range, reveals striking similarity in terms of genome length, percent GC content, nucleotide identity (>85%), and gene content. This was unexpected, given the far-ranging diversity observed in virtually all other phage populations. Although the
P. acnes
phages display a broad host range against clinical isolates of
P. acnes
, two bacterial isolates were resistant to many of these phages. Moreover, the patterns of phage resistance correlate closely with the presence of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat elements in the bacteria that target a specific subset of phages, conferring a system of prokaryotic innate immunity. The limited diversity of the
P. acnes
bacteriophages, which may relate to the unique evolutionary constraints imposed by the lipid-rich anaerobic environment in which their bacterial hosts reside, points to the potential utility of phage-based antimicrobial therapy for acne.

IMPORTANCE
Propionibacterium acnes
is a dominant member of the skin microflora and has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of acne; however, little is known about the bacteriophages that coexist with and infect this bacterium. Here we present the novel genome sequences of 11
P. acnes
phages, thereby substantially increasing the amount of available genomic information about this phage population. Surprisingly, we find that, unlike other well-studied bacteriophages,
P. acnes
phages are highly homogeneous and show a striking lack of genetic diversity, which is perhaps related to their unique and restricted habitat. They also share a broad ability to kill clinical isolates of
P. acnes
; phage resistance is not prevalent, but when detected, it appears to be conferred by chromosomally encoded immunity elements within the host genome. We believe that these phages display numerous features that would make them ideal candidates for the development of a phage-based therapy for acne.
Positive associations between consumerism and tobacco and alcohol use in early adolescence: cross-sectional study
Authors: Sweeting Helen N , Bhaskar Abita , Hunt Kate 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundThere is concern about the negative impact of modern consumer culture on young people's mental health, but very few studies have investigated associations with substance use. In those which have, positive associations have been attributed to attempts to satisfy the unmet needs of more materialistic individuals.ObjectivesThis study examines associations between different dimensions of consumerism and tobacco and alcohol use among Scottish early adolescents.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participants2937 (92% of those eligible) secondary school pupils (ages 12–14) completed questionnaires in examination conditions. Analyses were restricted to those with complete data on all relevant variables (N=2736 smoking; N=2737 drinking).MeasuresDependent variables comprised ever smoking and current drinking. Measures of consumerism comprised number of ‘premium’ (range 0–7) and ‘standard’ (range 0–5) material possessions and three Consumer Involvement subscales, ‘dissatisfaction’, ‘consumer orientation’ and ‘brand awareness’ (each range 3–12). Analyses also included school-year group and family affluence.ResultsEver smoking and current drinking were both more prevalent among adolescents with more ‘premium’ and ‘standard’ material possessions, greater consumer ‘dissatisfaction’ and ‘brand awareness’ (mutually adjusted analyses including school-year group and family affluence). The strongest relationships occurred for ‘brand awareness’: for each unit increase in ‘brand awareness’ the ORs (95% CI) of ever smoking were 1.17 (1.08 to 1.26) and 1.23 (1.14 to 1.33) in males and females, respectively; and those for drinking were 1.15 (1.08 to 1.23) and 1.21 (1.13 to 1.30). ‘Brand awareness’ had an equal or stronger relationship with both smoking and drinking than did family affluence.ConclusionsThese results suggest aassociations between consumerism and both smoking and drinking might arise because adolescent identities incorporate both consumerism and substance use, or be the result of promotion (indirectly in the case of tobacco) linking consumerist or aspirational lifestyles with these behaviours.
Oral health as a risk factor for mortality in middle-aged men: the role of socioeconomic position and health behaviours
Authors: Sabbah Wael , Mortensen Laust Hvas , Sheiham Aubrey , Batty David 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundThere is evidence of an association between poor oral health and mortality. This association is usually attributed to inflammatory and nutrition pathways. However, the role of health behaviours and socioeconomic position has not been adequately examined. The aims of this study were to examine the association between oral health and premature death among middle-aged men and to test whether it was explained by socioeconomic position and behaviours.MethodsData were from the Vietnam Experience Study, a prospective cohort study of Vietnam War-era (1965–1971), American male army personnel. The authors examined risk of cause-specific and all-cause mortality in relation to poor oral health in middle age, adjusting for age, ethnicity, socioeconomic position, IQ, behavioural factors and systemic conditions.ResultsMen with poor oral health experienced a higher risk of cause-specific and all-cause mortality. HRs for all-cause mortality were 2.94 (95% CI 2.11 to 4.08) among individuals with poor oral health and 3.98 (95% CI 2.43 to 6.49) among edentates compared with those with good oral health after adjusting for ethnicity and age. The association attenuated but remained significant after further adjustment for systemic conditions, socioeconomic position and behaviours. Socioeconomic and behavioural factors explained 52% and 44% of mortality risks attributed to poor oral health and being edentate, respectively.ConclusionThe findings suggest that oral health–mortality relation is partly due to measured covariates in the present study. Oral health appears to be a marker of socioeconomic and behavioural risk factors related to all-cause mortality.
Modelling and application of an uncovered freezing bed technology for septage treatment
Authors: Kinsley C. , Kennedy K. , Crolla A. 
Published: September 2012

A series of pilot scale freezing bed experiments were conducted to evaluate and model the freeze–thaw treatment of septic tank sludge (septage). Filtrate quality is similar to a low strength domestic wastewater and the sludge cake has a dry matter content of 25% with E. coli numbers below 2.0 × 106 CFU/g dry solids. Experimental results showed no impact of snow cover on bed performance in a region with moderate snowfall (1.3–1.6 m) as new layers of sludge effectively melted any accumulated snow; suggesting that it is not necessary to cover the bed or remove the snow in areas where sludge dosing exceeds snowfall. Both freezing and thawing processes were successfully modelled with readily available climatic data. Model output for North American climatic conditions indicates that the freezing bed technology can be widely applied throughout the northern United States and Alaska and most of Canada with the exception of coastal areas and southern Ontario.
Challenges in the Enumeration and Phenotyping of CTC
Authors: Coumans Frank A.W. , Ligthart Sjoerd T. , Uhr Jonathan W. , Terstappen Leon W.M.M. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Purpose: Presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in metastatic carcinoma is associated with poor survival. Phenotyping and genotyping of CTC may permit “real-time” treatment decisions, provided CTCs are available for examination. Here, we investigate what is needed to detect CTC in all patients.
Experimental Design: CTCs enumerated in 7.5 mL of blood together with survival from 836 patients with metastatic breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer were used to predict the CTC concentration in the 42% of these patients in whom no CTCs were found and to establish the relation of concentration of CTCs with survival. Influence of different CTC definitions were investigated by automated cell recognition and a flow cytometric assay without an enrichment or permeabilization step.
Results: A log-logistic regression of the log of CTC yielded a good fit to the CTC frequency distribution. Extrapolation of the blood volume to 5 L predicted that 99% of patients had at least one CTC before therapy initiation. Survival of patients with EpCAM+, cytokeratin+, CD45− nucleated CTCs is reduced by 6.6 months for each 10-fold CTC increase. Using flow cytometry, the potential three-fold recovery improvement is not sufficient to detect CTC in all patients in 7.5 mL of blood.
Conclusions: EpCAM+, cytokeratin+, CD45− nucleated CTCs are present in all patients with metastatic breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer and their frequency is proportional to survival. To serve as a liquid biopsy for the majority of patients, a substantial improvement of CTC yield is needed, which can only be achieved by a dramatic increase in sample volume. Clin Cancer Res; 18(20); 5711–8. ©2012 AACR.
Cancer Cell Metabolism: One Hallmark, Many Faces
Authors: Cantor Jason R. , Sabatini David M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCancer cells must rewire cellular metabolism to satisfy the demands of growth and proliferation. Although many of the metabolic alterations are largely similar to those in normal proliferating cells, they are aberrantly driven in cancer by a combination of genetic lesions and nongenetic factors such as the tumor microenvironment. However, a single model of altered tumor metabolism does not describe the sum of metabolic changes that can support cell growth. Instead, the diversity of such changes within the metabolic program of a cancer cell can dictate by what means proliferative rewiring is driven, and can also impart heterogeneity in the metabolic dependencies of the cell. A better understanding of this heterogeneity may enable the development and optimization of therapeutic strategies that target tumor metabolism.Significance: Altered tumor metabolism is now a generally regarded hallmark of cancer. Nevertheless, the recognition of metabolic heterogeneity in cancer is becoming clearer as a result of advancements in several tools used to interrogate metabolic rewiring and dependencies. Deciphering this context-dependent heterogeneity will supplement our current understanding of tumor metabolism and may yield promising therapeutic and diagnostic utilities. Cancer Discov; 2(10); 881–98. ©2012 AACR.
Incidence and Clinical Impact of Stent Fracture After Everolimus-Eluting Stent Implantation
Authors: Kuramitsu Shoichi , Iwabuchi Masashi , Haraguchi Takuya , Domei Takenori , Nagae Ayumu , Hyodo Makoto , Yamaji Kyohei , Soga Yoshimitsu , Arita Takeshi , Shirai Shinichi , Kondo Katsuhiro , Ando Kenji , Sakai Koyu , Goya Masahiko , Takabatake Yoshitaka , Sonoda Shinjo , Yokoi Hiroyoshi , Toyota Fumitoshi , Nosaka Hideyuki , Nobuyoshi Masakiyo 
Published: September 2012

Background—
Stent fracture (SF) after drug-eluting stent implantation has recently become an important concern because of its potential association with in-stent restenosis and stent thrombosis. However, the incidence and clinical impact of SF after everolimus-eluting stent implantation remain unclear.

Methods and Results—

A total of 1035 patients with 1339 lesions undergoing everolimus-eluting stent implantation and follow-up angiography 6 to 9 months after index procedure were analyzed. SF was defined as complete or partial separation of the stent, as assessed by plain fluoroscopy or intravascular ultrasound during follow-up. We assessed the rates of SF and major adverse cardiac events, defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis, and clinically driven target lesion revascularization within 9 months. SF was observed in 39 of 1339 lesions (2.9%) and in 39 of 1035 patients (3.8%). Ostial stent location and lesions with hinge motion, tortuosity, or calcification were independent predictors of SF. The rate of myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization were significantly higher in the SF group than in the non-SF group (5.1% versus 0.4%;
P
=0.018 and 25.6% versus 2.0%;
P
<0.001, respectively). Stent thrombosis was more frequently observed in the SF group than in the non-SF group (5.1% versus 0.4%;
P
=0.018). Major adverse cardiac events within 9 months were significantly higher in the SF group than in the non-SF group (25.6% versus 2.3%;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
SF after everolimus-eluting stent implantation occurs in 2.9% of lesions and is associated with higher rate of major adverse cardiac events, driven by higher target lesion revascularization and stent thrombosis.