bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper‐Mediated Synthesis of Aryldifluoromethylphosphonates: A Sandmeyer Approach
Authors: Bayle Alexandre , Cocaud Chloé , Nicolas Cyril , Martin Olivier R. , Poisson Thomas , Pannecoucke Xavier 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDifluoromethylated arenes are scaffolds of great interest. We report herein a mild and general method for the introduction of the CF2PO(OEt)2 moiety into arenes. The CuCF2PO(OEt)2 species, which is generated in situ from the corresponding silylated derivatives, in combination with aryl diazonium salts furnished the highly valuable aryl difluoromethylphosphonates in moderate to good yields. This represents the first general method to introduce difluoromethylphosphonates under mild conditions.
Nanopharmaceuticals: Tiny challenges for the environmental risk assessment of pharmaceuticals
Authors: Berkner Silvia , Schwirn Kathrin , Voelker Doris 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Many new developments and innovations in health care are based on nanotechnology. The field of nanopharmaceuticals is diverse and not as new as one might think; indeed, nanopharmaceuticals have been marketed for many years, and the future is likely to bring more nanosized compounds to the market. Therefore, it is time to examine whether the environmental risk assessment for human pharmaceuticals is prepared to assess the exposure, fate, and effects of nanopharmaceuticals in an adequate way. Challenges include the different definitions for nanomaterials and nanopharmaceuticals, different regulatory frameworks, the diversity of nanopharmaceuticals, the scope of current regulatory guidelines, and the applicability of test protocols. Based on the current environmental risk assessment for human medicinal products in the European Union, necessary adaptations for the assessment procedures and underlying study protocols are discussed and emerging solutions identified. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:780–787. © 2015 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of SETAC.
An estimation of regional emission intensity of coal mine methane based on coefficient‐intensity factor methodology using China as a case study
Authors: Wang Ning , Wen Zongguo , Zhu Tao 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCoal mine methane (CMM) is an important component of greenhouse gas (GHG) control, clean energy, and coal mining safety. Because of the complicated geological conditions and non‐linear characteristics of CMM emissions, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) calculation methodology of CMM emissions is based on a large emission factor range (10–25 m3/t), limiting the accuracy of the CMM emissions calculation. This paper studies CMM emission characteristics, and designs a coefficient‐intensity factor methodology integrated with IPCC methodology, to make a contribution to increase its applicability to regional circumstances. Using China as a case study, this paper uses 798 mines as samples, aiming to find a function of the relative gas emission rate and coal production. Through the calculation of the classification outflow coefficient and the regional emission intensity factor, the national emission intensity factor is about 9.176, which is lower than the minimum of IPCC emission factors for underground mining. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A novel method to recover ammonia loss in ammonia‐based CO2 capture system: ammonia regeneration by vacuum membrane distillation
Authors: Fang Mengxiang , Ma Qinhui , Wang Zhen , Xiang Qunyang , Jiang Wenmin , Xia Zhixiang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAiming to solve the problem of high ammonia loss during ammonia‐based CO2 chemical absorption process, an ammonia wash system was recommended to be added after the absorber column. Hence, we need to deal with a lot of wash water. Recently, we proposed a vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) system to regenerate ammonia from ammonia wash water. The stripping gaseous ammonia can be used for producing a high‐concentration ammonia solution for solvent make‐up in the CO2 capture system, and the wash water after distillation can be reused. In this work, we investigated 0.3 M ammonia solutions on different operation factors such as feed flow rate, feed temperature, pressure in the permeate side, and CO2 loading. The experimental results show that both temperature and pressure in the permeate side have significant influences on the ammonia stripping process. Increasing feed temperature and reducing pressure in the permeate side will not only improve ammonia removal efficiency, but also enhance total transmembrane flux and overall mass transfer coefficient. The increase of feed flow rate can improve the total transmembrane flux, but will lower the ammonia removal efficiency. The increase of CO2 loading in the feed ammonia solution will decrease the ammonia removal rate. Furthermore, we investigated a continuous circulation experiment and found that the ammonia removal efficiency largely depended on the removal time. The removal efficiency can be up to 95.6% with a 120 min continuous circulation time. We think this VMD system has the potential to recover ammonia and solve the solvent loss problem. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Life cycle assessment of innovative technology for energy production from automotive shredder residue
Authors: Rinaldi Caterina , Masoni Paolo , Salvati Fabio , Tolve Pietro 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Automotive Shredder Residue (ASR) is a problematic waste material remaining after shredding and recovery processes of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs). Its heterogeneous grain size and composition make difficult its recovery or disposal. Although ASR accounts for approximately 20% to 25% of the weight of an ELV, the European Union (EU)'s ELV Directive (2000/53/EC) requires that by 2015 a minimum 95% of the weight of an ELV must be reused or recovered, including a 10% weight energy recovery. The quantity of ASR is relevant: Approximately 2.4 million tons are generated in the EU each year and most of it is sent to landfills. This article describes a life cycle model of the “TEKNE-Fluff” process designed to make beneficial use of ASR that is based on the results of an experimental pilot plant for pyro-gasification, combustion, cogeneration, and emissions treatment of ASR. The goal of the research was the application of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to identify the environmental hot spots of the “TEKNE system” and use scenario analysis to check solutions to improve its environmental profile, supporting the design and industrialization process. The LCA was conducted based on data modeled from the experimental campaign. Moreover, different scenarios on shares of electricity and thermal energy produced by the cogeneration system and alternative treatment processes for the waste produced by the technology were compared. Despite the limitation of the research (results based on scaling up experimental data by modeling), impact assessment results are promising and sufficiently robust, as shown by Monte Carlo analysis. The TEKNE technology may become an interesting solution for the problem of ASR management: Besides representing an alternative to landfill disposal, the energy produced could avoid significant impacts on fossil resources depletion (a plant of 40 000 tons/y capacity could produce ∼147 000 GJ/yr, covering the annual need of ∼13 500 households). Integr Environ Assess Manag 2015;11:435–444. © 2015 SETAC
Key Points
"TEKNE," an innovative low-impact technology able to produce energy from pyrogasification of ASR, provides an alternative to landfill disposal and a potential solution for ASR management, fulfilling the ELV EU Directive (2000/53/EC). Electricity generated from pyrogasification could avoid significant impacts on depletion of fossil resources by producing about 147,000 GJ/yr, covering the annual consumption of 13,500 households. Two "hot spots" identified through LCA are the disposal of hazardous waste produced by the emission treatment plant and the production of liquid oxygen required by the pyrogasifiers, with both having effects on human toxicity and freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity. LCA successfully identified hot spots, tradeoffs, and possible improvement strategies that supported industrialization of the ASR pyrogasification plant and the entire decision-making process.
EMOTION REGULATION IN MOTHERS AND YOUNG CHILDREN FACED WITH TRAUMA
Authors: Pat‐Horenczyk Ruth , Cohen S. , Ziv Y. , Achituv M. , Asulin‐Peretz L. , Blanchard T.R. , Schiff M. , Brom D. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated maternal emotion regulation as mediating the association between maternal posttraumatic stress symptoms and children's emotional dysregulation in a community sample of 431 Israeli mothers and children exposed to trauma. Little is known about the specific pathways through which maternal posttraumatic symptoms and deficits in emotion regulation contribute to emotional dysregulation. Inspired by the intergenerational process of relational posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), in which posttraumatic distress is transmitted from mothers to children, we suggest an analogous concept of relational emotion regulation, by which maternal emotion regulation problems may contribute to child emotion regulation deficits. Child emotion regulation problems were measured using the Child Behavior Checklist‐Dysregulation Profile (CBCL‐DP; T.M. Achenbach & I. Rescorla, 2000), which is comprised of three subscales of the CBCL: Attention, Aggression, and Anxiety/Depression. Maternal PTSD symptoms were assessed by the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (E.B. Foa, L. Cashman, L. Jaycox, & K. Perry, 1997) and maternal emotion regulation by the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (K.L. Gratz & L. Roemer, 2004). Results showed that the child's emotion regulation problems were associated with both maternal posttraumatic symptoms and maternal emotion dysregulation. Further, maternal emotion regulation mediated the association between maternal posttraumatic symptoms and the child's regulation deficits. These findings highlight the central role of mothers’ emotion regulation skills in the aftermath of trauma as it relates to children's emotion regulation skills. The degree of mothers’ regulatory skills in the context of posttraumatic stress symptoms reflects a key process through which the intergenerational transmission of trauma may occur. Study results have critical implications for planning and developing clinical interventions geared toward the treatment of families in the aftermath of trauma and, in particular, the enhancement of mothers’ emotion regulation skills after trauma.
Gender‐specific differences in the development of sarcopenia in the rodent model of the ageing high‐fat rat
Authors: Kob Robert , Fellner Claudia , Bertsch Thomas , Wittmann Astrid , Mishura Daria , Sieber Cornel C. , Fischer Barbara E. , Stroszczynski Christian , Bollheimer Cornelius L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is linked to functional impairments, loss of independence, and mortality. In the past few years, obesity has been established as being a risk factor for a decline in muscle mass and function. There are several molecular pathological mechanisms, which have been under discussion that might explain this relationship. However, most studies were conducted using male animals and for a short period of time.MethodsIn this study, the gender‐specific effect of long‐term, high‐fat content feeding in Sprague–Dawley rats was examined. Development of the quadriceps muscle of the animals was monitored in vivo using magnetic resonance. The results of these measurements and of the biochemical analysis of the aged muscle were compared.ResultsSurprisingly, only male but not female rats showed a decline in muscle cross‐sectional area at 16 months of age as a result of a chronic oversupply of dietary fats. This loss of muscle mass could not be explained by either de‐regulation of the anabolic Akt pathway or by up‐regulation of the main ubiquitin ligases of muscle, MAFbx and MuRF‐1. However, fusion of satellite cells to myotubes was induced by the high‐fat diet in male rats, possibly as a result of an increased need for compensatory regeneration processes. Caspase‐3‐dependent apoptosis induction, irrespective of diet, seems to be the major determinant of muscle decline during ageing in male but not female rats.ConclusionTaken together, activation of the apoptosis‐inducing Caspase‐3 seems to be the most important trigger for the age‐related muscle loss. Male rats were more prone to the decline of muscle during ageing than female animals, which was further enforced by a long‐term, high fat diet.
Evaluating the Distorting Effects of Inattentive Responding and Social Desirability on Self‐Report Scales in Creativity and the Arts
Authors: McKibben William Bradley , Silvia Paul J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractInattentiveness and social desirability might be particularly problematic for self‐report scales in creativity and arts research. Respondents who are inattentive or who present themselves favorably will score highly on scales that yield positively skewed distributions and that assess socially valued constructs, such as scales measuring creativity and arts knowledge. A total of 204 undergraduates completed an online survey with several self‐report measures (the Creative Achievement Questionnaire, the Biographical Inventory of Creative Behavior, and the Aesthetic Fluency Scale). Many metrics of inattentiveness were included, such as directed response items, self‐reported attentiveness, and scales to catch inconsistent and patterned responses. The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding measured facets of social desirability. We found high rates of inattentive responding. A latent class analysis indicated that around 25% of the sample was potentially inattentive, and inattentive respondents received higher scores on the creativity and arts scales. Excluding problematic participants increased the effect sizes of interest, consistent with the coarsening effect of careless participants. Social desirability, in contrast, had essentially no relationship with the creativity and arts scales. These findings suggest that social desirability is probably less of a problem than researchers fear, but that inattentiveness is an underappreciated threat. Some practical guidelines are suggested.
Verbreitet, aber kaum bewertet — perfluorierte Alkylsubstanzen
Authors: Stahl Thorsten , Falk Sandy , Brunn Hubertus 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPer‐ und Polyfluoralkysubstanzen sind wie andere persistente halogenorganische Verbindungen ubiquitär: Man findet sie in Gewässern, im Trinkwasser, im Boden, in tierischen Organismen, in Lebensmitteln, in menschlichem Blut und in Muttermilch. Doch die Datenlage zur Exposition und zu ihrer Toxizität ist nach wie vor — bis auf wenige Ausnahmen — lückenhaft.
Facile non‐lithographic route to highly aligned silica nanopatterns using unidirectionally aligned polystyrene‐block‐polydimethylsiloxane films
Authors: Qiang Zhe , Wadley Maurice L. , Vogt Bryan D. , Cavicchi Kevin A. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThin films (monolayer and bilayer) of cylinder forming polystyrene‐block‐polydimethylsiloxane (PS‐b‐PDMS) were shear aligned by the swelling and deswelling of a crosslinked PDMS pad that was physically adhered to the film during solvent vapor annealing. The nanostructures formed by self‐assembly were exposed to ultraviolet‐ozone to partially oxidize the PDMS, followed by calcination in air at 500 °C. In this process, the PS segments were fully decomposed, while the PDMS yielded silica nanostructures. The highly aligned PDMS cylinders were thus deposited as silica nanolines on the silicon substrate. Using a bilayer film, the center‐to‐center distance of these features were effectively halved from 38 to 19 nm. Similarly, by sequential shear‐alignment of two distinct layers, a rhombic array of silica nanolines was fabricated. This methodology provides a facile route to fabricating complex topographically patterned nanostructures. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys.2015,53, 1058–1064
SAFE‐CROWD: secure task allocation for collaborative mobile social network
Authors: Fan Xiaochen , Yang Panlong , Li Qingyu , Liu Dawei , Xiang Chaocan , Zhao Yonggang 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWith the pervasive use of smart mobile devices and increasing wireless networking technologies, collaborations among mobile users are becoming deeper and ubiquitous. Appropriate task collaborations among mobile users could effectively improve the network processing ability with so called ‘mobile cloud’ or ‘cloudlet’. However, task allocations confront with the security issues. The possible collusion or re‐collaborations among the mobile users would possibly merge the allocated tasks of the specific users. Moreover, considering the delivery reliability and task execution efficiency, replications are applied for enhancement, which would also lead to more sever security threat for users. We investigate how to secure the security when task collaborations are allowed for mobile users. Our security scheme is built upon the load balancing scheme, and our intuitive solution is, if the tasks could be effectively balanced among users, the security issues could be guaranteed, because averaging the task assignment could effectively raise the threshold for collusion among potential malicious users. In this work, we propose ‘SAFE‐CROWD’: a secure task offloading and reassignment scheme among mobile users. The basic idea is simple, we leverage the ‘ball and bin’ theory for task assignment, where d mobile users in contact range are investigated, and we select the least loaded ones among them. It has been proved that such simple cases can effectively reduce the largest queueing length from
to
. Inspired by this theoretical result, we develop a task reassignment policy for security issues. Simulation and trace‐driven studies have shown that our simple but effective scheme could enhance the security for mobile users, when the tasks are collaboratively executed among mobile devices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carrier sense aware multipath geographic routing protocol
Authors: Bennis Ismail , Fouchal Hacene , Zytoune Ouadoudi , Aboutajdine Driss 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOver the last few years, wireless sensor networks have become a great field of interest for the scientific community. This novel kind of network provides an array of applications for different aspects of human life. To give a satisfying performance to the final user, the wireless sensor networks must ensure the quality of service. The use of multipath technique was widely applied in the literature. Nevertheless, there might be a problem if the interference issues are not taken into account by the multipath routing design. In this paper, we propose a novel multipath routing protocol called Carrier Sense Aware Multipath Geographic Routing protocol (CSA‐MGR). This protocol creates multiple paths while avoiding any shared carrier sense range by using a distributed and dynamic process. In addition, the CSA‐MGR employs a new metrics named the Number of Common Neighbors to guarantee a faster and an efficient path construction. Simulations conducted over the NS‐2 simulator show promising results in terms of delay, Packet Delivery Ratio and routing overhead. The performance gain of CSA‐MGR in terms of delay is up to 275% compared with the Two‐Phase geographical Greedy Forwarding and up to 565% compared with the ad hoc on‐demand multipath distance vector. For the Packet Delivery Ratio, the performance gain of CSA‐MGR is up to 16% compared with the Two‐Phase geographic Greedy Forwarding and up to 28% compared with the ad hoc on‐demand multipath distance vector. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematical modeling reveals the mechanisms of feedforward regulation in cell fate decisions in budding yeast
Authors: Li Wenlong , Yi Ming , Zou Xiufen 
Published: April 2015

The determination of cell fate is one of the key questions of developmental biology. Recent experiments showed that feedforward regulation is a novel feature of regulatory networks that controls reversible cellular transitions. However, the underlying mechanism of feedforward regulation‐mediated cell fate decision is still unclear. Therefore, using experimental data, we develop a full mathematical model of the molecular network responsible for cell fate selection in budding yeast. To validate our theoretical model, we first investigate the dynamical behaviors of key proteins at the Start transition point and the G1/S transition point; a crucial three‐node motif consisting of cyclin (Cln1/2), Substrate/Subunit Inhibitor of cyclin‐dependent protein kinase (Sic1) and cyclin B (Clb5/6) is considered at these points. The rapid switches of these important components between high and low levels at two transition check points are demonstrated reasonably by our model. Many experimental observations about cell fate decision and cell size control are also theoretically reproduced. Interestingly, the feedforward regulation provides a reliable separation between different cell fates. Next, our model reveals that the threshold for the amount of WHIskey (Whi5) removed from the nucleus is higher at the Reentry point in pheromone‐arrested cells compared with that at the Start point in cycling cells. Furthermore, we analyze the hysteresis in the cell cycle kinetics in response to changes in pheromone concentration, showing that Cln3 is the primary driver of reentry and Cln1/2 is the secondary driver of reentry. In particular, we demonstrate that the inhibition of Cln1/2 due to the accumulation of Factor ARrest (Far1) directly reinforces arrest. Finally, theoretical work verifies that the three‐node coherent feedforward motif created by cell FUSion (Fus3), Far1 and STErile (Ste12) ensures the rapid arrest and reversibility of a cellular state. The combination of our theoretical model and the previous experimental data contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the cell fate decision at the G1 phase in budding yeast and will stimulate further biological experiments in future.
A Hollow Cultural Core? An Inquiry into New Institutional Approaches to Incentive Based Regulation
Authors: Harvey Rachel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe trans-disciplinary New Institutional framework identifies the importance of incentive structures in preventing opportunism in market making. In recent decades this theoretical tradition has increasingly shifted its attention from formal institutions to identify the significance of cultural processes in countering uncertainty, bounded rationality, and information asymmetries. More specifically the New Institutional perspective tends to focus on the formal mechanisms producing and reproducing culture, as opposed to an examination of specific cultural content. This attention to formal mechanisms means that value-rational action and commitments in market making receive insufficient attention. In order to examine the problems entailed in this trend, the case study of a financial market in which market making was constituted by the values of loyalty, duty, and honor of traders is used.