bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of multi-band reflectarray metasurface for 5G millimeter wave coverage enhancement
Authors: Malik Bilal Tariq , Khan Shahid , Koziel Slawomir 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA compact low-profile multi-band millimeter-wave (mm-wave) reflectarray metasurface design is presented for coverage enhancement in 5G and beyond cellular communication. The proposed single-layer metasurface exhibits a stable reflection response under oblique incidence angles of up to 60$$^\circ$$

∘

at 24 and 38 GHz, and transmission response at 30 GHz, effectively covering the desired 5G mm-wave frequency bands. The proposed reflectarray metasurface is polarization insensitive and performs equally well under TE and TM polarized incident waves due to the symmetric pattern. In addition, the low profile of the proposed metasurface makes it appropriate for conformal applications. In comparison to the state-of-the-art, the proposed reflectarray metasurface unit cell design is not only compact (3.3 $$\times$$
×
3.3 mm$$^2$$

2

) but also offers two reflections and one transmission band based on a single-layer structure. It is easy to reconfigure the proposed metasurface unit cell for any other frequency band by adjusting a few design parameters. To validate the concept of coverage enhancement, a 32 $$\times$$
×
x32 unit-cell prototype of the proposed reflectarray metasurface is fabricated and measured under different scenarios. The experimental results demonstrate that a promising signal enhancement of 20–25 dB is obtained over the entire 5G mm-wave n258, n259, and n260 frequency bands. The proposed reflectarray metasurface has a high potential for application in mm-wave 5G networks to improve coverage in dead zones or to overcome obstacles that prevent direct communication linkages.
Multifunctional redox modulator prevents blast-induced loss of cochlear and vestibular hair cells and auditory spiral ganglion neurons
Authors: Ding Dalian , Manohar Senthilvelan , Kador Peter F. , Salvi Richard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBlast wave exposure, a leading cause of hearing loss and balance dysfunction among military personnel, arises primarily from direct mechanical damage to the mechanosensory hair cells and supporting structures or indirectly through excessive oxidative stress. We previously reported that HK-2, an orally active, multifunctional redox modulator (MFRM), was highly effective in reducing both hearing loss and hair cells loss in rats exposed to a moderate intensity workday noise that likely damages the cochlea primarily from oxidative stress versus direct mechanical trauma. To determine if HK-2 could also protect cochlear and vestibular cells from damage caused primarily from direct blast-induced mechanical trauma versus oxidative stress, we exposed rats to six blasts of 186 dB peak SPL. The rats were divided into four groups: (B) blast alone, (BEP) blast plus earplugs, (BHK-2) blast plus HK-2 and (BEPHK-2) blast plus earplugs plus HK-2. HK-2 was orally administered at 50 mg/kg/d from 7-days before to 30-day after the blast exposure. Cochlear and vestibular tissues were harvested 60-d post-exposure and evaluated for loss of outer hair cells (OHC), inner hair cells (IHC), auditory nerve fibers (ANF), spiral ganglion neurons (SGN) and vestibular hair cells in the saccule, utricle and semicircular canals. In the untreated blast-exposed group (B), massive losses occurred to OHC, IHC, ANF, SGN and only the vestibular hair cells in the striola region of the saccule. In contrast, rats treated with HK-2 (BHK-2) sustained significantly less OHC (67%) and IHC (57%) loss compared to the B group. OHC and IHC losses were smallest in the BEPHK-2 group, but not significantly different from the BEP group indicating lack of protective synergy between EP and HK-2. There was no loss of ANF, SGN or saccular hair cells in the BHK-2, BEP and BEPHK-2 groups. Thus, HK-2 not only significantly reduced OHC and IHC damage, but completely prevented loss of ANF, SGN and saccule hair cells. The powerful protective effects of this oral MFRM make HK-2 an extremely promising candidate for human clinical trials.
Small extracellular vesicles derived from microRNA-22-3p-overexpressing mesenchymal stem cells protect retinal ganglion cells by regulating MAPK pathway
Authors: Yu Bo , Wang Kang , Hao Huijie , Liu Yan , Yue Yi , Li Xiaorong , Xing Xiaoli , Zhang Xiaomin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGlaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness and is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and retinal nerve fiber layer thinning. Currently, no existing treatment is effective for the preservation of RGCs. MicroRNA-22-3p (miR22) and small extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-sEVs) have neuroprotective effects. In this study, we apply miR22-overexpressing MSC-sEVs in an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-induced RGC injury model to assess their short-term therapeutic effects and explore the underlying mechanisms. We find that mice in the miR22-sEVs-treated group have thicker retinas, fewer apoptotic cells, more reserved RGCs, better retinal function, and lower expression levels of Bax and caspase-3. MiR22-sEVs treatment promotes viability, inhibits apoptosis and inhibits Bax and caspase-3 expression in RGC-5 cells. MiR22 targets mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 12 to inhibit apoptosis by regulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that miR22-sEVs ameliorate NMDA-induced RGC injury through the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway-mediated apoptosis, providing a potential therapy for glaucoma and other diseases that involve RGC damage.
Capturing chemical reactions inside biomolecular condensates with reactive Martini simulations
Authors: Brasnett Christopher , Kiani Armin , Sami Selim , Otto Sijbren , Marrink Siewert J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBiomolecular condensates are phase separated systems that play an important role in the spatio-temporal organisation of cells. Their distinct physico-chemical nature offers a unique environment for chemical reactions to occur. The compartmentalisation of chemical reactions is also believed to be central to the development of early life. To demonstrate how molecular dynamics may be used to capture chemical reactions in condensates, here we perform reactive molecular dynamics simulations using the coarse-grained Martini forcefield. We focus on the formation of rings of benzene-1,3-dithiol inside a synthetic peptide-based condensate, and find that the ring size distribution shifts to larger macrocycles compared to when the reaction takes place in an aqueous environment. Moreover, reaction rates are noticeably increased when the peptides simultaneously undergo phase separation, hinting that condensates may act as chaperones in recruiting molecules to reaction hubs.
Therapie des kongenitalen ulnaren Impingement-Syndroms durch
dekomprimierende Korrekturosteotomie des distalen Radius – klinische
Ergebnisse
Authors: Machac Petr , Schandl René , Wolters Roman , Krimmer Hermann 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund 2016 wurde die dekomprimierende Radiuskorrekturosteotomie zur
Behandlung des schmerzhaften Impingement-Syndroms des distalen Radioulnaren
Gelenks (DRUG) erstmals beschrieben. Die Vorstellung der betroffenen Patienten
erfolgt wegen belastungsabhängigen Schmerzen im DRUG, wobei bei der klinischen
Untersuchung ein positiver Kompressionstest im DRUG richtungsweisend ist. Die
Diagnose wird durch den radiologischen Nachweis einer Ulna minus-Varianz mit
Deformierung der Incisura ulnaris bestätigt. Genese dieser Inkongruenz im DRUG
kann entweder kongenital, posttraumatisch oder iatrogen sein. Durch die
Radiuskorrektur wird ein Remodelling im DRUG erreicht und gleichzeitig
resultiert durch Entspannung der distalen Membrana interossea (DIOM) eine
Druckreduktion. Diese Studie widmet sich der Auswertung der bisher
durchgeführten Operationen in unserem Zentrum bei ausschließlich kongenitaler
Ursache.
Patienten und Methoden Die Verbesserung der Kongruenz der Gelenkflächen
des DRUG wird durch Radiusverkürzung und Änderung der Neigung der Sigmoid notch
mittels closed wedge Osteotomie erzielt. Die Entspannung der Membrana interossea
erfolgt durch ulnare Translation des Radiusschaftes. Das Patientengut beinhaltet
nur Patientinnen und Patienten mit angeborener Inkongruenz im DRUG. Zur
Auswertung der Ergebnisse benutzten wir die visuelle Analogskala (VAS), prä- und
postoperative Messung des Bewegungsumfanges (ROM) in der sagittalen und
transversalen Ebene, Kraftmessung und den Wrist Score nach Krimmer.
Ergebnisse Im Verlauf von 11 Jahren fanden 45 Operationen an 38 Patienten
mit unserer Methode statt, davon bei 17 auf der rechten, bei 14 auf der linken
Seite und 7 Patienten operierten wir bilateral. Bei radiologisch bilateral
nachgewiesener Inkongruenz wurde nur die symptomatische Seite operiert. Die
statistische Evaluation zeigte in der VAS postoperativ eine signifikante
Schmerzlinderung von 7,2 auf 2 (p<0,001). Durch die Osteotomie wurde keine
signifikante Änderung des Bewegungsausmaßes verursacht (p=0,812). Der Wrist
Score nach Krimmer erbrachte in fast 90% der Fälle ein gutes bis sehr gutes
Ergebnis.
Schlussfolgerung Bei korrekter Indikationsstellung und Operationstechnik
führt diese Methode zur Verbesserung der Funktionalität und Lebensqualität der
Patienten. Der präventive Aspekt mit Vermeidung degenerativer Prozesse bleibt
weiteren Studien vorbehalten. Diese Operation gilt als sichere Methode und lässt
den Weg für alternative Maßnahmen offen.
Reassembling the Field-based Applicability of the Lactate Threshold
for Old Age
Authors: Garcia-Tabar Ibai , Ruiz-Rios Maitane , Martinez-Labari Cristina , Maldonado-Martin Sara , Murias Juan Manuel , Gorostiaga Esteban M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the applicability of the Lactate Threshold (LT)
to predict maximal oxygen uptake (˙VO2max) and demarcate the boundary
between the moderate- to heavy-intensity domain (HRm-h)
in old age in comparison to the most utilized methods. A cross-sectional
validation study was conducted. Participants aged 61 to 77 performed a
familiarization procedure, an incremental maximal exercise treadmill test (CPX)
for ˙VO2max determination, the Six-minute Walk Test (6MWT),
and a discontinuous incremental field test for LT determination. Lower
(P<0.01) internal effort was required for LT testing (76±8%HRmax)
compared to 6MWT (92±9%HRmax). The application of the 6MWT reference
equations overestimated ˙VO2max by 10–23%. LTs better estimated the
˙VO2max (r ≈0.90, SEE: ≈3.0] compared to the 6MWT (r=0.68,
SEE=5.5). HRm-h determined by the CPX differed (20%; P=0.001) from
that obtained by LT. HRm-h stratification indicated participants fall
into the very light to the vigorous intensity domains. LT testing
is more submaximal than the 6MWT, and is a valuable tool to estimate the
˙VO2max in older male adults. Implementation of LT testing in
physical activity programs might help improving the quality of aerobic exercise
training in older men.
Intrajejunale L-Dopa-Applikation bei der Parkinson-Krankheit:
Optimierung der PEG-Anlage
Authors: Grund Karl-Ernst , Zipfel Annette , Jost Wolfgang H. 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungDie verschiedenen Formen der perkutanen endoskopischen Gastrostomie (PEG) haben
auch in der Neurologie eine hohe Relevanz, da die pumpengesteuerte intrajejunale
L-Dopa-Gabe zu den unverzichtbaren Therapieformen bei der fortgeschrittenen
Parkinsonerkrankung gehört. Eine optimale PEG-Anlage und Nachsorge sind daher
bedeutsam für den Erfolg der Therapie. Die als Standard geltende intrajejunale
Applikation von L-Dopa-Gel über eine JET-PEG, d.h. eine PEG mit eingelegtem
Innenkatheter bis ins Jejunum, ist allerdings aus verschiedenen Gründen nicht
unproblematisch. Insbesondere die zum Teil erheblichen kumulierten
Komplikationsraten zwingen zum Überdenken der Situation. Zu berücksichtigen ist
auch das sehr begrenzte Resorptionsgebiet des Medikamentes im Bereich der
Flexura duodenojejunalis. Komplikationsursachen sind überwiegend eine nicht
optimale Anlegetechnik von PEG und Innenkatheter sowie die oft fehlende adäquate
Nachsorge.Im Folgenden werden die Details einer gegenüber der konventionellen
Technik modifizierten und optimierten Applikationstechnik dargestellt, die sich
in klinischen Anwendungen seit Jahren bewährt hat, sowie zusätzlich eine neue
Applikationsform, die Hybrid-PEG, vorgestellt. Viele der aus
anatomisch/physiologischen, chirurgischen und endoskopischen Gesichtspunkten
abgeleiteten Details müssen bei der Anlage strikt beachtet werden, um Minor- und
Major-Komplikationen zu reduzieren bzw. zu vermeiden. Besondere Probleme
bereiten Lokalinfektionen im Bereich der Durchtrittsstelle der PEG bis hin zur
Peritonitis, Leckagen und das Buried-Bumper-Syndrom (BBS). Als besonders störend
erweisen sich auch die relativ häufigen Dislokationen des Innenkatheters, was
letztlich durch eine Clip-Fixation der Katheterspitze vermieden werden
kann.Insbesondere durch Anwendung der Hybrid-PEG, einer Kombination von
endoskopisch kontrollierter Gastropexie mit drei Nähten und folgender zentraler
Fadendurchzugstechnik (FDZ) der PEG-Sonde, lässt sich die Komplikationsrate
deutlich senken und damit für die Patienten eine entscheidende Verbesserung
erzielen. Die hier diskutierten Gesichtspunkte sind für alle diejenigen, die mit
der Therapie der fortgeschrittenen Parkinson-Krankheit zu tun haben, von hoher
Relevanz. Eine vertrauensvolle interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen
Neurologie und Endoskopie/Chirurgie/Gastroenterologie ist eine Voraussetzung für
gute klinische Ergebnisse.
Efficient Flow Synthesis of Glycidyl Ether Using BuSnCl3 as a Mild Lewis Acid
Authors: Fukuyama Takahide , Kasakado Takayoshi , Nakamura Masahito , Nishizawa Akihiro , Hosomi Tetsuya , Ryu Ilhyong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA ring-opening protocol of epichlorohydrin with 2-ethylhexanol was investigated for the synthesis of the corresponding chlorohydrin ether. BuSnCl3 proved to be an efficient mild Lewis acid catalyst, yielding the product with high selectivity. A scalable flow synthesis was achieved by modifying the flow setup. The flow synthesis of the corresponding glycidyl ether from the chlorohydrin ether was also carried out in an efficient manner by using the basic treatment.
Venous Hemorrhagic Infarct Leading to Delayed Brain Abscess Formation: A Case Report
Authors: Warade Anshu , Khandhar Alay V. , Sankhla Charulata , Desai Ketan I. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVenous sinus thrombosis is a common neurovascular problem with multifactorial etiology, infection being one of the common causes. Cerebral abscess causing thrombophlebitis and venous sinus occlusion is a known entity. In contrast, venous hemorrhagic infarct leading to abscess formation is extremely uncommon. We report a rare case of such delayed abscess formation in a venous hemorrhagic infarct secondary to superior sagittal sinus occlusion.
Minimally Invasive Management of Postoperative Complications in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Schroeder Anastasia , White Sarah B. , Tremblay Kaila Redifer 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCholangiocarcinoma is a rare, aggressive biliary tract malignancy representing only 3% of digestive cancers worldwide. Late diagnosis is common, which results in less than one-third of patients being eligible for surgical resection or liver transplantation. Surgery, however, is not without associated morbidity and mortality. This article seeks to review minimally invasive techniques for the management of complications following liver transplantation and hepatic resection for patients with cholangiocarcinoma.
Optimization of excitation field depending on magnetic nanoparticle parameters for magnetic hyperthermia under safety constraint
Authors: Yoshida Takashi , Enpuku Keiji 
Published: July 2024

Hysteresis loss (P) of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) under alternating current excitation has been used to induce hyperthermia in cancer cells. We theoretically optimized the excitation field amplitude Hac and frequency f required to maximize P, while the product C = Hacf did not exceed a threshold value to avoid side effects in biomedical applications. We obtained analytical expressions for the optimum values of Hac and f as functions of C and MNP parameters. Almost the same P could be obtained for MNPs with magnetic core diameters dc ranging over 20–40 nm if Hac and f were optimized according to the dc value. A numerical example was a P of ∼0.4 kW/g Fe for immobilized MNPs under C = 2 × 109 A/(ms). We also examined the dependences of P on MNP parameters under the optimum excitation field. A large saturation magnetization was essential for a large P. The degradation of P caused by the dc distribution in a practical (realistic) sample was examined, and the conditions that reduce degradation were determined. There was a strong agreement among these properties between the analyses and numerical simulations. Finally, we showed how much P increased for suspended MNPs relative to that for immobilized MNPs. Overall, these results will be useful for the development of high-performance hyperthermia systems.
Prescribed fire increases forage mineral content in grazed rangeland
Authors: Wanchuk Megan R. , McGranahan Devan Allen , Sedivec Kevin K. , Swanson Kendall C. , Hovick Torre J. 
Published: July 2024

Background Sustainable rangeland management balances production and conservation. While a broad literature describesthe conservation benefits of prescribed fire, benefits for livestock production have emerged more slowly. Mineral nutrition is important for livestock health and performance, but the impact of prescribed fire on mineral concentration of forages, especially in the northern US Great Plains, remains unknown. Aims We investigated how burning affects the mineral concentration of forage early and late in the growing season. Methods Data were collected on mixed-grass prairie in south-central North Dakota, USA. Vegetation was clipped from recently burned, 1 year post-fire, 2 years post-fire, and not-yet-burned patches at the same sampling points in spring and late summer. Samples were analysed for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc concentration. Key results Burning increased forage mineral concentration across most minerals. Phosphorous, potassium, copper and zinc were higher in burned areas in late spring and summer; calcium, magnesium and manganese were only higher during the late summer; Late-season iron levels increased with time since fire. Conclusions Prescribed fire has a positive effect on forage mineral content. Implications Prescribed fire has the potential to reduce mineral supplementation costs and improve cow performance.
An alternative to the Euler equation of rigid body rotational dynamics
Authors: Fariborz Amir H 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Euler equation provides a convenient framework for studying the rotational dynamics of rigid bodies in solid mechanics. While this equation is written from the point of view of an inertial observer, it is implemented in a non-inertial ancillary coordinate system attached to the rigid body and the equations of the rotation are consequently expressed in this ancillary system. We examine how the rotational dynamics of rigid bodies can be described by the inertial observer directly in the inertial coordinate system (instead of employing an ancillary non-inertial frame), and derive the differential equations of the rotation in this inertial system. This approach can have advantages in situations where the rigid body has both translational motion in addition to rotational motion.
Consideration of the effect of nanoscale porosity on mass transport phenomena in PECVD coatings
Authors: Franke J , Zysk F , Wilski S , Liedke M O , Butterling M , Attallah A G , Wagner A , Kühne T D , Dahlmann R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Here we show a novel approach to characterize the gas transfer behavior of silicon-oxide (SiO
x
) coatings and explain the underlying dynamics. For this, we investigate the coating on a nm-scale both by measurement and simulation. Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS) and quantum mechanical electronic structure-based molecular dynamics simulations are combined to characterize the porous landscape of SiO
x
coatings. This approach analyses the influence of micropores smaller than 2 nm in diameter on gas permeation which are difficult to study with conventional methods. We lay out the main pore diameter ranges and their associated porosity estimates. An influence of layer growth on pore size and porosity was found, with an increased energy input during layer deposition leading to smaller pore sizes and a reduced porosity. The molecular dynamics simulations quantify the self-diffusion of oxygen and water vapor through those PAS deducted micropore ranges for hydrophilic and hydrophobic systems. The theoretical pore size ranges are fitting to our PAS results and complete them by giving diffusion coefficients. This approach enables detailed analysis of pore morphology on mass transport through thin film coatings and characterization of their barrier or membrane performance. This is a crucial prerequisite for the development of an exhaustive model of pore dominated mass transports in PECVD coatings.
Study on the noise reduction mechanism and application of the noise simulation analysis of care robots
Authors: Tang Yaochi , Chen Yi Ting 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Currently, robots on the market have varying operational requirements due to their different functions. The care robots are primarily used to serve people under care. Therefore, reducing the amount of noise they make while moving is important. This study measured their noise in an anechoic room. This study found that the most noise is produced when they move forward and backward at full speed. The robot’s vibration signal was measured and compared with the noise source to propose the most effective way to reduce the noise. Due to the robot’s small internal space, methods for noise reduction are limited. The care robot’s development must adopt quick customizable 3D printing technologies, produce sound absorption/insulation materials independently, determine the best sound absorption/insulation material and structural configuration, use impedance tubes to measure the sound absorption coefficient and sound insulation performance, and select the appropriate materials and implement them into the robot for actual tests. These results indicate that the noise value of the main contributing frequency can be reduced by 15 dB at most. Furthermore, this study also used an acoustic simulation analysis to calculate and simulate the vibration and noise of the care robot. The vibration and noise signals during the robot’s operation were measured and compared to provide a reference for manufacturers in design. Finally, experimental materials were added to the simulation and compared with the noise reduction results. The results show similar trends. Therefore, the model developed in this study may provide a fast, low-cost, and feasible method for the noise reduction of care robots.