bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Converging deep learning and human-observed tumor-adipocyte interaction as a biomarker in colorectal cancer
Authors: Reitsam Nic G. , Grosser Bianca , Steiner David F. , Grozdanov Veselin , Wulczyn Ellery , L’Imperio Vincenzo , Plass Markus , Müller Heimo , Zatloukal Kurt , Muti Hannah S. , Kather Jakob N. , Märkl Bruno 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Tumor-Adipose-Feature (TAF) as well as SARIFA (Stroma AReactive Invasion Front Areas) are two histologic features/biomarkers linking tumor-associated adipocytes to poor outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Whereas TAF was identified by deep learning (DL) algorithms, SARIFA was established as a human-observed histopathologic biomarker.

Methods
To study the overlap between TAF and SARIFA, we performed a systematic pathological review of TAF based on all published image tiles. Additionally, we analyzed the presence/absence of TAF in SARIFA-negative CRC cases to elucidate the biologic and prognostic role of a direct tumor-adipocyte contact. TCGA-CRC gene expression data is investigated to assess the association of FABP4 (fatty-acid binding protein 4) and CD36 (fatty-acid translocase) with both TAF and CRC prognosis.

Results
By investigating the TAF/SARIFA overlap, we show that many TAF patches correspond to the recently described SARIFA-phenomenon. Even though there is a pronounced morphological and biological overlap, there are differences in the concepts. The presence of TAF in SARIFA-negative CRCs is not associated with poor outcomes in this cohort, potentially highlighting the importance of a direct tumor-adipocyte interaction. Upregulation of FABP4 and CD36 gene expression seem both linked to a poor prognosis in CRC.

Conclusions
By proving the substantial overlap between human-observed SARIFA and DL-based TAF as morphologic biomarkers, we demonstrate that linking DL-based image features to independently developed histopathologic biomarkers is a promising tool in the identification of clinically and biologically meaningful biomarkers. Adipocyte-tumor-cell interactions seem to be crucial in CRC, which should be considered as biomarkers for further investigations.
Histidine-rich glycoprotein modulates neutrophils and thrombolysis-associated hemorrhagic transformation
Authors: Jiang Wei , Zhao Yuexin , Liu Rongrong , Zhang Bohao , Xie Yuhan , Gao Bin , Shi Kaibin , Zou Ming , Jia Dongmei , Ding Jiayue , Hu Xiaowei , Duan Yanli , Han Ranran , Huang DeRen , Van Kaer Luc , Shi Fu-Dong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntravenous thrombolysis using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) remains the primary treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, the mechanism of tPA-related hemorrhagic transformation (HT) remains poorly understood. Elevation of histidine-rich glycoprotein (HRG) expression was detected by nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry at 1 h following tPA infusion as compared to baseline prior to tPA infusion (discovery cohort, n = 10), which was subsequently confirmed in a validation cohort (n = 157) by ELISA. Surprisingly, no elevation of HRG was detected in individuals who subsequently developed HT. During in vitro experiments, HRG reduced neutrophil NETosis, inflammatory cytokine production, and migration across the blood–brain barrier induced by tPA. In a photothrombotic murine AIS model, HRG administration ameliorated HT with delayed thrombolysis, by inhibiting neutrophil immune infiltration and downregulating pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. Neutrophil depletion or NETosis inhibition also alleviated HT, whereas HRG siRNA treatment exacerbated HT. In conclusion, fluctuations in HRG levels may reflect tPA therapy and its associated HT. The inhibitory effect of HRG on neutrophils may counteract tPA-induced immune abnormalities and HT in patients with AIS.
Ambulant erworbene bakterielle Meningoenzephalitis: Die neue Leitlinie
Authors: Hadjilaou Alexandros , Friese Manuel Alexander 
Published: August 2024

Was ist neu
Empfehlungen zur Impfung: Die Aktualisierung der Impfempfehlungen gegen Meningokokken und Pneumokokken, insbesondere die Einführung des B-Impfstoffs als Standardimpfung für Säuglinge ab Januar 2024 und die Anpassung der Pneumokokken-Impfstrategie für Säuglinge und Erwachsene ab 60 Jahren mit den neuesten Konjugat-Impfstoffen (PCV13, PCV15, PCV20).
Diagnostik: Betonung der Notwendigkeit einer schnellen diagnostischen Lumbalpunktion und der simultanen Serum- und Liquoranalyse zur Erhöhung der diagnostischen Präzision. Die Einführung des Procalcitonins (PCT) im Serum als zusätzlichen Biomarker zur Unterscheidung zwischen bakterieller und viraler Meningitis.
Mikrobiologische Diagnostik: Die Verwendung der Multiplex-PCR – als Ergänzung, nicht als Ersatz der Standarddiagnostik – zur Beschleunigung der Erregeridentifikation.
Antiinfektiva-Therapie: Anpassung der Antibiotika-Empfehlungen, basierend auf der aktuellen Resistenzlage; insbesondere bei Meningokokken-Meningitis die Berücksichtigung von Penicillin G nur nach Resistenztestung.
Dexamethason: Einsatzgebiete und -dauer der Dexamethason-Gabe bei bakterieller Meningitis, insbesondere solide Datenlage bei Pneumokokken-Meningitis, und kontroversen Datenlage bei Listerien-Meningitis.
Intrakranielle Komplikationen: Neue Erkenntnisse zur sicheren Anwendung von Heparin bei septischen Sinusthrombosen ohne erhöhtes Risiko für Einblutungen.
Wie wirksam sind nicht-pharmakologische Interventionen für pflegende
Angehörige? Ein systematisches Review mit Metaanalysen
Authors: Janson Patrick , Hung Chu-Wei , Willeke Kristina , Frisch Dieter , Berghöfer Anne , Heuschmann Peter , Zapf Andreas , Wildner Manfred , Stupp Carolin , Keil Thomas 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Die Pflege eines Angehörigen ist mit psychischen Erkrankungen
und verminderter Lebensqualität der Pflegenden assoziiert. Das Ziel dieser
systematischen Übersichtsarbeit war es, die Ergebnisse methodisch guter
Interventionsstudien zur Wirksamkeit nicht-pharmakologischer Interventionen auf
patientenrelevante Endpunkte bei pflegenden Angehörigen in Deutschland
zusammenzufassen.
Methodik In drei großen wissenschaftlichen Literaturdatenbanken suchten
wir nach Interventionsstudien mit Kontrollgruppe und einem niedrigen oder
moderaten Biasrisiko zur Wirksamkeit von nicht-pharmakologischen Interventionen
für pflegende Angehörige in Deutschland.
Ergebnis Unter 4.376 überprüften Publikationen wurden 10
Interventionsstudien mit guter methodischer Qualität identifiziert. Diese
untersuchten Mehrkomponenteninterventionen bzw. kognitive Verhaltenstherapie für
pflegende Angehörige von Menschen mit Demenz (8 Studien), Schlaganfall (1
Studie) und mit allgemeiner Pflegebedürftigkeit (1 Studie). Die Kontrollgruppen
erhielten Informationsmaterial als Minimalintervention oder übliche
Standardversorgung. In Metaanalysen zeigte sich 3–6 Monate nach Studienbeginn
eine statistisch signifikante leichte Reduktion depressiver Symptome durch eine
kognitive Verhaltenstherapie (Standardisierte Mittelwertedifferenz - 0,27;
95%-Konfidenzintervall - 0,44 – - 0,10), die jedoch nach 9–12 Monaten keine
statistische Signifikanz mehr erreichte (- 0,21; - 0,51–0,09).
Mehrkomponenteninterventionen zeigten weder nach 3–6 noch nach 9–12 Monaten
Veränderungen depressiver Symptome (- 0,18; - 0,40 – 0,03 bzw. − 0,14;
- 0,47 – 0.14). Dagegen besserte sich die psychische Lebensqualität der
pflegenden Angehörigen in den Mehrkomponenteninterventionsgruppen statistisch
signifikant im Vergleich zu den Kontrollgruppen: nach 3–6 Monaten leicht (0,28;
0,01–0,56) und nach 9–12 Monaten moderat (0,45; 0,09–0,82). Auf die körperliche
Lebensqualität hatten die Interventionen keinen Einfluss.
Schlussfolgerung Die Reduktion depressiver Symptome durch
verhaltenstherapeutische Interventionen für pflegende Angehörige scheint nur
gering und nicht nachhaltig zu sein. Die psychische Lebensqualität der
Betroffenen konnte durch Mehrkomponenteninterventionen längerfristig verbessert
werden. Bisher wissenschaftlich untersuchte Interventionen für pflegende
Angehörige scheinen keine ausreichende und nachhaltige Wirkung zu erzielen.
Größere Effekte könnten möglicherweise durch aufwändigere verhaltenspräventive
Interventionen aber auch verhältnispräventive Maßnahmen erzielt werden.
Refractive Lens Exchange: A Review
Authors: Baur Isabella Diana , Mueller Arthur , Labuz Grzegorz , Naujokaitis Tadas , Auffarth Gerd U. , Khoramnia Ramin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, technical advancements in lens surgery have considerably improved safety and refractive outcomes. This has led to a much broader range of indications for refractive lens exchange (RLE). Effective restoration of uncorrected distance and near visual acuity is possible with modern presbyopia correcting intraocular lenses (IOLs). Hyperopic patients who are fully presbyopic were identified as ideal candidates for RLE. For myopic patients, an increased risk of retinal detachment has been reported, which leads to a higher threshold to perform RLE in this patient group. The most frequent postoperative complications include posterior capsular opacification, deviation from the target refraction and cystoid macular edema. Thus, adequate planning of surgery, careful patient selection, as well as comprehensive counseling are crucial for successful RLE.
Characterisation of Intraocular Lens Injectors
Authors: Friedrich Maximilian , Munro Donald J. , Auffarth Gerd U. , Khoramnia Ramin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn modern ophthalmic surgery, an intraocular lens (IOL) is commonly implanted into the patientʼs eye with an IOL injector. Many injectors are available, showing various technological differences, from the early manually loaded injector systems to the modern preloaded injectors. This review aims to give a concise overview of the defining characteristics of injector models and draws attention to complications that may occur during IOL implantation. One can differentiate injectors according to their preoperative preparation (manually loaded or preloaded), their implantation mechanism (push-type or screw-type or combined or automated), the size of the nozzle tip, the presence of an insertion depth control feature, and the injectorʼs reusability. Potential complications are IOL misconfigurations such as a haptic-optic adhesion, adherence of the IOL to the injector plunger, an overriding plunger, uncontrolled IOL rotation, a trapped trailing haptic, or damage to the IOL.
Additionally, during IOL implantation, the nozzle can become damaged with scratches, extensions, cracks, or bursts to the tip. While these complications rarely produce long-term consequences, manufacturers should try to prevent them by further improving their devices. Similarly, surgeons should evaluate new injectors carefully to ensure the highest possible surgical safety.
Anterior Segment Complications Following Intravitreal Injection
Authors: Mackenbrock Lars H. B. , Auffarth Gerd U. , Albrecht Michael , Naujokaitis Tadas , Kessler Lucy J. , Mayer Christian S. , Khoramnia Ramin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntravitreal injections (IVI s) have gained increased popularity in the past decades and are used to treat a multitude of ailments. In 2010, the total number of IVI s surpassed the number of cataract surgeries performed, making it the most common procedure in ophthalmology. As the number of injections increases, so does the number of injected-related complications. While complications in the posterior segment, such as retinal detachment or endophthalmitis, are detrimental to visual function and have therefore been well documented, IVI s can also lead to complications in the anterior segment. These include hyphema, inflammation of the sterile anterior segment (incidence rate of 0.05 to 1.1% depending on the drug), implant migration with corneal decompensation (incidence rate of 0.43%), iatrogenic lens damage (incidence rate of 0.07%), accelerated cataract formation (up to 50% for steroids and 10.9% for anti-VEGF), and an increased complication rate during subsequent cataract
surgery (up to 4% per IVI). Most of these complications occur immediately and have a good prognosis if treated correctly. However, the increased risk of complications during subsequent surgery demonstrates that IVI s can also have long-term complications, a topic that needs to be explored further in future research projects.
Acceptorless Dehydrogenation under Neat Reaction Conditions: Synthesis of 2-Aryl/Alkyl Quinazolinones Using Supported Ni NPs as Catalyst
Authors: M. Vageesh , Patil Omkar , Dey Raju , P. Hima 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe report here a Ni-NPs-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of 2-alkyl/aryl quinazolinone motifs via acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohol, condensation of an aldehyde intermediate with 2-aminobenzamide, followed by a second dehydrogenation of the cyclized intermediate. The protocol is atom-economical and require earth-abundant Ni as the catalyst. The present report involves the annulation of 2-aminobenzamide with various types of primary alcohols, including aryl/heteroaryl methanol, and aliphatic alcohols, and produces high yields of the desired products under neat conditions. The catalyst was synthesized via a high-temperature pyrolysis strategy, using ZIF-8 as the sacrificial template. The Ni NPs@N-C catalyst was characterized by XPS, HR-TEM, HAADF-STEM, XRD, and ICP-MS. The catalyst is stable even in air at room temperature and displayed excellent activity in the acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling synthesis of quinazolinones and could be recycled five times without appreciable loss of its activity.
Sustainable N-Formylation of Anilines: Harnessing Aleuritic Acid as a Renewable Formyl Source
Authors: Adimurthy Subbarayappa , Vadariya Hetavi A. , Badhani Gaurav , Farves B. Mohamed , Boda Krupa N. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
N-Formylation of anilines using a renewable aleuritic acid as an eco-friendly and sustainable formylating source has been developed. para-Substituted anilines generally provided good yields, while moderate yields were observed with meta- and ortho-substituted derivatives. In situ generated formic acid through oxidative cleavage of aleuritic acid serve as a formyl source, which has been confirmed through control experiments.
A laminar spray group combustion experiment (LSGCE) with in situ image diagnostic methods and image analysis algorithms
Authors: Zhou Hengyi , Li Xingxian , Liu Yu Cheng 
Published: August 2024

Spray combustion is important for different engines. The understanding of spray combustion should be further promoted especially in the non-dilute region, and there is lack of well-defined spray experiments. In this study, an experimental platform was developed. Using this platform, a cylindrical quasi-laminar spray can be formed and ignited by a thin and straight hot wire, making it a simple configuration. Two image diagnostic methods were also developed to capture in situ microscopic droplet images and macroscopic droplet–flame images synchronously. Different image analysis algorithms were developed to obtain droplet statistics (diameter, velocity, and number density) and flame information (size, location, and flame propagation speed) from the raw images. The design, diagnostic methods, and image analysis methods are detailedly presented. This experimental platform can cover a wide range of operating conditions, with Gig in a range of 0.01–0.06 and temperature in a range from room temperature to 1400 K. In addition, this platform is small in size and is capable of further implanting into a ground-based microgravity facilitaty. The whole experimental system can be applied in spray ignition and combustion studies and can provide legitimate data for further model development.
Non-adiabatic dynamics studies of the C+(2P1/2, 3/2) + H2 reaction: Based on global diabatic potential energy surfaces of CH2+
Authors: Li Wentao , Dong Bin , Niu Xianghong , Wang Meishan , Zhang Yong 
Published: August 2024

Global diabatic potential energy surfaces (PESs) of CH2+ are constructed using the neural network method with a specific function based on 18 213 ab initio points. The multi-reference configuration interaction method with the aug-cc-pVQZ basis set is adopted to perform the ab initio calculations. The topographical properties of the diabatic PESs are examined in detail. In general, the diabatic PESs provide an accurate quasi-diabatic representation. To validate the diabatic PESs, the dynamics studies of the C+(2P1/2, 3/2) + H2 (v0 = 0, j0 = 0) → H + CH+(X1Σ+) reaction are performed using the time-dependent wave packet method. The reaction probabilities, integral cross sections, differential cross sections, and rate constants are calculated and compared with the experimental and theoretical results. Non-adiabatic dynamics results are in good agreement with experimental data. In addition, the non-adiabatic effect in the C+(2P1/2, 3/2) + H2 reaction is significant due to the non-adiabatic results being obviously larger than adiabatic values. The reasonable non-adiabatic dynamics results indicate that present diabatic PESs can be recommended for any type of dynamics study.
Islands in the sky – could complex topography help us rewild beyond the fence?
Authors: Brewster Rob , Jameson Tom , Roncolato Francesca , Crowther Mathew S. , Finnerty Patrick B. , Newsome Thomas M. 
Published: August 2024

Context The protection of threatened species in fenced safe havens has become a vital component of conservation management in Australia. However, despite their success, fenced safe havens face several ecological and economic constraints. There is a need to explore additional approaches to restore species beyond the fence. Aims To explore naturally occurring mesas as potential ‘sky-island safe havens’, created by natural barriers in elevation and relief, which may restrict the movement of introduced predators and other mammals. Methods We examined species occurrences at a mesa site (Mt. Talaterang in south-east NSW, Australia) as well as a nearby lower-lying site (Little Forest Plateau). We then provide a geospatial analysis of other mesas in NSW to investigate the number of potential sky-island safe havens in the state. Key results Species assemblages differed between the two sites, with red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), dingoes/domestic dogs (Canis dingo/familiaris), and European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) absent from the mesa site, while Antechinus spp. were not detected from the lower-lying site. Feral cats (Felis catus) occurred at significantly lower densities on the mesa site compared to the lower-lying site. In NSW, we identified 91 other mesas of ≥10 ha with similar topology as Mt. Talaterang. Conclusions Although differences in species assemblages are expected between different habitats, the absence of red foxes and lower number of feral cat detections at the mesa site suggest the need to further explore the potential for mesas in conservation initiatives. Implications Our findings introduce a supplementary conservation strategy that could augment existing fenced safe haven approaches.
Phase retrieval and phaseless inverse scattering with background information
Authors: Hohage Thorsten , Novikov Roman G , Sivkin Vladimir N 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We consider the problem of finding a compactly supported potential in the multidimensional Schrödinger equation from its differential scattering cross section (squared modulus of the scattering amplitude) at fixed energy. In the Born approximation this problem simplifies to the phase retrieval problem of reconstructing the potential from the absolute value of its Fourier transform on a ball. To compensate for the missing phase information we use the method of a priori known background scatterers. In particular, we propose an iterative scheme for finding the potential from measurements of a single differential scattering cross section corresponding to the sum of the unknown potential and a known background potential, which is sufficiently disjoint. If this condition is relaxed, then we give similar results for finding the potential from additional monochromatic measurements of the differential scattering cross section of the unknown potential without the background potential. The performance of the proposed algorithms is demonstrated in numerical examples. In the present work we significantly advance theoretically and numerically studies of Agaltsov et al (2019 Inverse Problems
35 24001) and Novikov and Sivkin (2021 Inverse Problems
37 055011).
Rational design of the 6e thiolate-protected Au24(SR)18 nanocluster
Authors: Zhai Hongsheng , Liu Man , Wang Endong , Liu Yufang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The growth mechanism of thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) has been advanced, but precise crystal structure information is lacking. Recent mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis experiments traced the Au24(SR)18 cluster as a non-negligible byproduct intermediate during the reaction between [Au25(SR)18]−, the flagship cluster of the remarkable nanocluster ship, and Au25(SR)19, a cluster with 25 Au atoms but featuring a completely different structure than the [Au25(SR)18]− cluster. However, the precise structure of the Au24(SR)18 cluster is unknown. In this study, a total of seven Au24(SR)18 isomers were constructed using the grand unified model. Density functional theory calculations demonstrated that two of them could be considered quasi-degenerate suggesting that both might coexist in experiments. Geometrical features, electronic structures, and absorption spectra were calculated for potential future comparisons. This work contributes to fully interpreting the growth mechanism of AuNCs .
Cathodoluminescence of polarization-induced energy states at AlGaN/GaN interface
Authors: Chahshouri Fatemeh , Taleb Masoud , Black Maximilian , Mensing Michael , Talebi Nahid 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recent progress in manufacturing high-electron-mobility transistors and optoelectronic devices highlights the necessity of understanding the charge dynamics and its impact on the optical properties inside heterostructures. Herein, we study the optical properties of

GaN

/

A

l

0.23

G

a

0.77

N

/

GaN

heterostructures using cathodoluminescence (CL) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. We explore the influence of generated secondary carriers after electron illumination and their penetration depth on the luminescence spectra. Our findings indicate that a higher laser power intensifies the PL response and establishes Fabry–Perot-like resonances. Furthermore, the intensity of the CL response shows a linear behavior versus the acceleration voltage and the current of electron beams for the yellow luminescence peak. A near-infrared CL peak (740 nm) is observed only when illuminating the sample with high currents that is attributed to the trapping of the secondary electrons within the Schottky barrier and the manipulation of the two-dimensional electron gas and the quantum-confined states within the barrier. Self-consistent Poisson–Schrödinger simulations verify this aspect. This research unveils the intricate charge dynamics associated with the interaction of electron beams with heterostructure systems, paving the way for innovative optoelectronic applications in semiconductor devices.