bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local control of the host immune response performed with mesenchymal stem cells: perspectives for functional intracerebral xenotransplantation
Authors: Lévêque Xavier , Mathieux Elodie , Nerrière‐Daguin Véronique , Thinard Reynald , Kermarrec Laetitia , Durand Tony , Haudebourg Thomas , Vanhove Bernard , Lescaudron Laurent , Neveu Isabelle , Naveilhan Philippe 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFoetal pig neuroblasts are interesting candidates as a cell source for transplantation, but xenotransplantation in the brain requires the development of adapted immunosuppressive treatments. As systemic administration of high doses of cyclosporine A has side effects and does not protect xenotransplants forever, we focused our work on local control of the host immune responses. We studied the advantage of cotransplanting syngenic mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) with porcine neuroblasts (pNb) in immunocompetent rat striata. Two groups of animals were transplanted, either with pNb alone or with both MSC and pNb. At day 63, no porcine neurons were detected in the striata that received only pNb, while four of six rats transplanted with both pNb and MSC exhibited healthy porcine neurons. Interestingly, 50% of the cotransplanted rats displayed healthy grafts with pNF70+ and TH+ neurons at 120 days post‐transplantation. qPCR analyses revealed a general dwindling of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in the striata that received the cotransplants. Motor recovery was also observed following the transplantation of pNb and MSC in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Taken together, the present data indicate that the immunosuppressive properties of MSC are of great interest for the long‐term survival of xenogeneic neurons in the brain.
Sirt3 is essential for apelin‐induced angiogenesis in post‐myocardial infarction of diabetes
Authors: Hou Xuwei , Zeng Heng , He Xiaochen , Chen Jian‐Xiong 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHeart failure following myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death in diabetic patients. Angiogenesis contributes to cardiac repair and functional recovery in post‐MI. Our previous study shows that apelin (APLN) increases Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) expression and ameliorates diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we further investigated the direct role of Sirt3 in APLN‐induced angiogenesis in post‐MI model of diabetes. Wild‐type (WT) and Sirt3 knockout (Sirt3KO) mice were induced into diabetes by i.p. streptozotocin (STZ). STZ mice were then subjected to MI followed by immediate intramyocardial injection with adenovirus‐apelin (Ad‐APLN). Our studies showed that Sirt3 expression was significantly reduced in the hearts of STZ mice. Ad‐APLN treatment resulted in up‐regulation of Sirt3, angiopoietins/Tie‐2 and VEGF/VEGFR2 expression together with increased myocardial vascular densities in WT‐STZ+MI mice, but these alterations were not observed in Sirt3KO‐STZ+MI mice. In vitro, overexpression of APLN increased Sirt3 expression and angiogenesis in endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) from WT mice, but not in EPC from Sirt3KO mice. APLN gene therapy increases angiogenesis and improves cardiac functional recovery in diabetic hearts via up‐regulation of Sirt3 pathway.
Light emitting diode(LED)‐based trapping of the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum)
Authors: Stukenberg N. , Gebauer K. , Poehling H.‐M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractVisual traps like yellow sticky card traps are used for monitoring and control of the greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum). However, reflected intensity (brightness) and hence, attractiveness depend on the ambient light conditions, and the colour (wavelength) might not fit with the sensitivity of whitefly photoreceptors. The use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) is a promising approach to increase the attractiveness, specificity and adaptability of visual traps. We constructed LED‐based visual traps equipped with blue and green high‐power LEDs and ultraviolet (UV) standard LEDs according to the putative spectral sensitivities of the insects' photoreceptors. In a series of small‐scale choice and no‐choice recapture experiments, the factors time of day as well as light intensity and light quality (colour) of LED traps were studied in terms of attractiveness compared to yellow traps without LEDs. Green LED traps (517 nm peak wavelength) were comparably attractive in no‐choice experiments but clearly preferred over yellow traps in all choice experiments. The time of day had a clear effect on the flight activity of the whiteflies and thereby on the trapping success. Blue LEDs (474 nm) suppressed the attractiveness of the light traps when combined with green LEDs suggesting that a yet undetected photoreceptor, sensitive for blue light, and an inhibiting interaction with the green receptor, might exist in T. vaporariorum. In choice experiments between LED traps emitting green light only or in combination with UV (368 nm), the green‐UV combination was preferred. In no‐choice night‐time experiments, UV LEDs considerably increased whitefly flight activity and efficacy of trapping. Most likely, the reason for the modifying effect of UV is the stimulating influence on flight activity. In conclusion, it seems that the use of green LEDs alone or in combination with UV LEDs could be an innovative option for improving attractiveness of visual traps.
Field evaluation of the efficacy of neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) and Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. in cotton production
Authors: Togbé C. E. , Haagsma R. , Zannou E. , Gbèhounou G. , Déguénon J. M. , Vodouhê S. , Kossou D. , van Huis A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNeem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) alone and combined with the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin (isolate Bb11) was applied to control cotton pests. The efficacy of these treatments was compared with that of synthetic insecticides applied either in a calendar‐based application or in the ‘Lutte Etagée Ciblée’ (LEC) strategy, consisting of using first calendar‐based (half‐dose) applications followed by threshold‐based treatments. The experiment was carried out in collaborative research with farmers in three cotton agro‐ecological zones differing in rainfall, pest prevalence, and farming practices. The neem oil and neem oil‐Bb11 treatments required 2 to 6 applications, while conventional and LEC received 6 to 8 applications. The percentage of damaged reproductive organs in plots treated with neem oil and neem oil plus Bb11 was higher than that recorded under the conventional and LEC strategy, with exception of the zone with the highest rainfall; this resulted in yields being 25% and 39% lower, respectively. Yields in the biopesticide plots were 26–42% higher and in the conventional and LEC plots 44–59% higher than those in the control plots that received only water. Overall, the LEC regime scored best, both in yield and profitability. The incidence of natural enemies was highest in the control and in the plots treated with biopesticides. Although the use of entomopathogen Bb11 and neem oil avoids many problems associated with the application of synthetic insecticides, their efficacy needs to be enhanced by improved formulation or by combining them with other pesticides.
Patients' substantialization of disease, the hybrid symptom and metaphysical care
Authors: Pârvan Alexandra 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn the context of current scholarship concerned with facilitating integration between the biomedical and the patient‐centred models of care, the article suggests that disease brings about an ontological disruption in patients, which is not directly addressed in either model, and may interfere with treatment and therapy outcomes if not met with a type of care termed here as ‘metaphysical’. The receipt of diagnosis and medical care can give patients the sense that they are ontologically diminished, or less of a human, and along with physicians' approaches to and discourses about disease, may prompt them to seek ontological restoration or security in the same way as psychologically traumatized patients sometimes do: by treating the disease and/or the experience of harm associated with it as a thing that exists per se. I call this ‘substantialization’ of disease (or harm) and draw on Augustine's theory of non‐substantial deficiencies (physiological and moral) and on Plato's and Plotinus's different takes on such defects in order to discuss what substantialization can do for patients. Based on literature that examines patients' ways of talking about and living with their disease, I speculate that substantialization can generate a ‘hybrid symptom’, consisting in patterns of exercising agency which may predispose to non‐adherence. Ways in which physicians could provide metaphysical care are proposed, along with an understanding of chronic patients as hybrid ontological and agentic units, which draws on theories of enactive cognition. I opine that metaphysical care may facilitate integration between the depersonalized and personalized models of care.
Natural history of HFE simple heterozygosity for C282Y and H63D: A prospective 12‐year study
Authors: Zaloumis Sophie G , Allen Katrina J , Bertalli Nadine A , Turkovic Lidija , Delatycki Martin B , Nicoll Amanda J , McLaren Christine E , English Dallas R , Hopper John L , Giles Graham G , Anderson Gregory J , Olynyk John K , Powell Lawrie W , Gurrin Lyle C ,   HealthIron Study Investigators
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground and AimThe risk of hemochromatosis‐related morbidity for HFE simple heterozygosity for either the C282Y or H63D substitutions in the HFE protein was assessed using a prospective community‐based cohort study.MethodsHFE genotypes were measured for 31 192 persons of northern European descent, aged between 40 and 69 years when recruited to the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, and subjects were followed for an average of 12 years. For a random sample of 1438 participants stratified according to HFE genotype, two sets of biochemical iron indices performed 12 years apart and, at follow‐up only, the presence/absence of six disease features associated with hereditary hemochromatosis were obtained. Summary data for 257 (139 female) C282Y simple heterozygotes and 123 (74 female) H63D simple heterozygotes were compared with 330 (181 female) controls with neither HFE mutation.ResultsAt baseline, mean transferrin saturation (TS) (95% confidence interval) and prevalence of TS > 55% were 35.14% (33.25, 37.04) and 3/112 (3%), 33.03% (29.9, 36.15) and 0/39 (0%), and 29.67% (27.93, 31.4) and 3/135 (2%) for C282Y, H63D and wild‐type male participants, respectively. At follow‐up, mean TS levels remained similar to baseline levels for both men and women irrespective of simple heterozygosity for either mutation. No HFE C282Y or H63D simple heterozygotes had documented iron overload (based on hepatic iron measures or serum ferritin greater than 1000 mg/L at baseline with documented therapeutic venesection).ConclusionNo documented iron overload was observed for HFE simple heterozygotes for either C282Y or H63D, and morbidity for both HFE simple heterozygote groups was similar to that of HFE wild‐type participants.
Decreased carbon shunting from glucose toward oxidative metabolism in diet‐induced ketotic rat brain
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Zhang Shenghui , Marin‐Valencia Isaac , Puchowicz Michelle A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe mechanistic link of ketosis to neuroprotection under certain pathological conditions continues to be explored. We investigated whether chronic ketosis induced by ketogenic diet results in the partitioning of ketone bodies toward oxidative metabolism in brain. We hypothesized that diet‐induced ketosis results in increased shunting of ketone bodies toward citric acid cycle and amino acids with decreased carbon shunting from glucose. Rats were fed standard (STD) or ketogenic (KG) diets for 3.5 weeks and then infused with [U‐13C]glucose or [U‐13C]acetoacetate tracers. Concentrations and13C‐labeling pattern of citric acid cycle intermediates and amino acids were analyzed from brain homogenates using stable isotopomer mass spectrometry analysis. The contribution of [U‐13C]glucose to acetyl‐CoA and amino acids decreased by ~ 30% in theKGgroup versusSTD, whereas [U‐13C]acetoacetate contributions were more than two‐fold higher. The concentration ofGABAremained constant across groups; however, the13C labeling ofGABAwas markedly increased in theKGgroup infused with [U‐13C]acetoacetate compared toSTD. This study reveals that there is a significant contribution of ketone bodies to oxidative metabolism andGABAin diet‐induced ketosis. We propose that this represents a fundamental mechanism of neuroprotection under pathological conditions.imageWe investigated glucose versus ketone bodies contributions to citric acid (CAC) intermediates and brain amino acids. We found decreased carbon shunting from glucose toward oxidative metabolism in diet‐induced ketotic rat brain, whereas the carbon shunting from ketone bodies toward oxidative metabolism increased, toward gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). The partitioning of ketone bodies toward GABA in ketotic brain represents a fundamental mechanism of neuroprotection under pathological conditions, such as with stroke or seizures.
18F‐fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Predicts Early Infarct Growth in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Lee Gha‐hyun , Kim Jae Seung , Oh Seung Jun , Kang Dong‐Wha , Kim Jong S. , Kwon Sun U. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE18F‐fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) positron emission tomography (PET) is used to image metabolically compromised but viable hypoxic tissue. We hypothesized that FMISO PET might predict early infarct growth in acute ischemic stroke patients with perfusion‐diffusion mismatch in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).METHODSWe prospectively enrolled acute ischemic stroke patients who visited the emergency room within 48 hours after stroke onset and had perfusion‐diffusion mismatch (>20%), as shown MRI. Infarct growth was defined as >20% increase of initial infarct volume or >5 mL in follow‐up diffusion‐weighted image 5 ± 2 days after stroke. The association between FMISO uptake and infarct growth was explored.RESULTSOf 19 enrolled patients, 10 (52.6%) showed increased FMISO uptake, with 8 of the latter showing infarct growth. None of the 9 patients who did not show FMISO uptake had infarct growth. FMISO uptake was significantly associated with infarct growth (Fisher's exact test; P < .01). FMISO PET scan had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 82% (AUC = .909) in predicting infarct growth.CONCLUSIONSFMISO PET scan can predict early infarct growth in acute ischemic stroke patients with perfusion‐diffusion mismatch in MRI.
The Effect of Porcelain Firing on Electrochemical Behavior of a Dental Alloy in Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Tamam Evşen , Aydın A. Kevser , Bilgiç Semra 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate changes in electrochemical corrosion properties of porcelain firing simulated nickel‐chromium dental casting alloy exposed to a 10% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent.Materials and MethodsThe electrochemical corrosion behavior of a Ni‐Cr alloy was evaluated by cyclic polarization test in the aerated electrolyte (pH = 6.5). Test groups were produced in as‐cast (group 1, control group) and simulated porcelain firing (group 2: heat‐treated/mean value; group 3: heat‐treated/cycle) conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also used to examine the alloy surfaces before and after the corrosion test.ResultsThe ranking of the groups with respect to Ecorr and Icorr was as follows: 1, 2, 3 and 3, 1, 2, respectively. Group 3 exhibited the greatest and group 2 displayed the least corrosion tendencies. An increase in corrosion rates was observed after heat treatment/cycle state. Post‐corrosion SEM photographs were also consistent with the test results.ConclusionWithin the parameters of this study, a single heat treatment is insufficient to cause upheaval in corrosion behavior of a Ni‐Cr alloy subjected to 10% hydrogen peroxide.
The life course of women who have experienced abuse – a life chart study in general psychiatric care
Authors: Örmon K. , Torstensson‐Levander M. , Bahtsevani C. , Sunnqvist C. 
Published: October 2014

Accessible summary
The life chart offers rich information that provides a broader picture of the lives of women who have experienced abuse.
Life charts could be useful for nurses identifying women in general psychiatric care who have experienced abuse.
Despite experiences of abuse and stressful events during childhood, there were only a few indications of them receiving support in the life charts. Many of the women had as adults been in contact with or received care at numerous healthcare services.
AbstractViolence against women is a worldwide problem and has an impact on the lives of women and girls. The study aims to investigate the life course of women within psychiatric care who have experienced abuse. The women's resources, stressful events, experience of abuse, perpetrators, mental ill health, and care and support throughout the life course are also highlighted. Eleven women who had all sought general psychiatric care in an urban area in Sweden participated. A computer software program was used for constructing life charts for each participant, and manifest content analysis was used to analyse the data. The women's social status and resources differed, and some of them spoke of only experiencing few stressful events growing up, while others described a stressful childhood. All of the women had been abused sometime during their life course, and most of the perpetrators were known to the women. Even so, the women had seldom disclosed their childhood abuse. As adults, the women were diagnosed with psychiatric diagnoses, and suicidal behaviour increased. The life chart offers rich information and a broader picture of the life history of women who experienced abuse as well as constituting a tool useful for identifying women with experiences of abuse.
Changes in characteristics of hepatitis C patients seen in a liver centre in the United States during the last decade
Authors: Talaat N. , Yapali S. , Fontana R. J. , Conjeevaram H. S. , Lok A. S. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryWith the approval of 2 direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) in 2011 and anticipation of interferon (IFN)‐free regimens, more hepatitis C virus (HCV) chronically infected patients are now seeking treatment. To describe the characteristics of newly referred HCV patients in 2011–2012 (Era‐2) and compare them to those seen in 1998–1999 (Era‐1). Retrospective data were collected from HCV patients newly referred to our tertiary liver clinics. Advanced liver disease was defined as cirrhosis (based on histology or Aspartate aminotransferase–platelet‐ratio index (APRI) >2), hepatic decompensation or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 1348 patients (538 in Era‐1, 810 in Era‐2) were included. Compared to Era‐1, Era‐2 patients were older (median age 56 vs 45 years), more likely to be black (17.2% vs 11.6%) and had a longer interval between diagnosis and referral (median 4 vs 2 years). Genotype (GT) 1 predominated in both Eras with a significant increase in GT1a from 39.9% in Era‐1 to 53.8% in Era‐2. A higher per cent of patients in Era‐2 were treatment experienced, but 77% had never received treatment. Era‐2 patients were more likely to have advanced disease at referral (61.6% vs 51.5%, P < 0.001), with an eightfold higher prevalence of HCC (21.6% vs 2.6%, P < 0.001). HCV patients newly referred in recent years were older, predominantly infected with GT1a and had more advanced liver disease yet only a quarter had received HCV treatment. Reduction in HCV disease burden will require development of treatment regimens targeted towards patients in the current Era as well as increase in diagnosis and referral of patients for treatment.
To what degree are invaders drivers or passengers of phylogenetic community structure?
Authors: Burns Jean H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBennett et al. (2014, Journal of Vegetation Science 25: 1315–1326), test the biotic resistance hypothesis and show that the phylogenetic structure of the invaded community responds to an invader, rather than driving invasion patterns. More such field experiments are needed, including those that manipulate the phylogenetic structure of communities at multiple spatial scales, to disentangle phylogenetic biotic resistance from other drivers of invasion patterns.
Comparative functional genomics of adaptation to muscular disuse in hibernating mammals
Authors: Fedorov Vadim B. , Goropashnaya Anna V. , Stewart Nathan C. , Tøien Øivind , Chang Celia , Wang Haifang , Yan Jun , Showe Louise C. , Showe Michael K. , Barnes Brian M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHibernation is an energy‐saving adaptation that involves a profound suppression of physical activity that can continue for 6–8 months in highly seasonal environments. While immobility and disuse generate muscle loss in most mammalian species, in contrast, hibernating bears and ground squirrels demonstrate limited muscle atrophy over the prolonged periods of physical inactivity during winter, suggesting that hibernating mammals have adaptive mechanisms to prevent disuse muscle atrophy. To identify common transcriptional programmes that underlie molecular mechanisms preventing muscle loss, we conducted a large‐scale gene expression screen in hind limb muscles comparing hibernating and summer‐active black bears and arctic ground squirrels using custom 9600 probe cDNA microarrays. A molecular pathway analysis showed an elevated proportion of overexpressed genes involved in all stages of protein biosynthesis and ribosome biogenesis in muscle of both species during torpor of hibernation that suggests induction of translation at different hibernation states. The induction of protein biosynthesis probably contributes to attenuation of disuse muscle atrophy through the prolonged periods of immobility of hibernation. The lack of directional changes in genes of protein catabolic pathways does not support the importance of metabolic suppression for preserving muscle mass during winter. Coordinated reduction in multiple genes involved in oxidation–reduction and glucose metabolism detected in both species is consistent with metabolic suppression and lower energy demand in skeletal muscle during inactivity of hibernation.
Cryptic no more: soil macrofossils uncover Pleistocene forest microrefugia within a periglacial desert
Authors: de Lafontaine Guillaume , Amasifuen Guerra Carlos Alberto , Ducousso Alexis , Petit Rémy J. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryDespite their critical importance for understanding the local effects of global climate change on biodiversity, glacial microrefugia are not well studied because they are difficult to detect by using classical palaeoecological or population genetics approaches. We used soil macrofossil charcoal analysis to uncover the presence of cryptic glacial refugia for European beech (Fagus sylvatica) and other tree species in theLandes de Gascogne(southwesternFrance).Using botanical identification and direct radiocarbon dating (14014C‐dates) of macrofossil charcoal extracted from mineral soils, we reconstructed the glacial and postglacial history of all extant beech stands in the region (n = 11).Soil charcoal macrofossils were found in all sites, allowing the identification of up to at least 14 distinct fire events per site. There was direct evidence of the presence of beech during the last glacial period at three sites. Beech was detected during Heinrich stadial‐1, one of the coldest and driest intervals of the last glacial period in Western Europe.Together with previous results on the genetic structure of the species in the region, these findings suggest that beech persistedin situin several microrefugia through full glacial and interglacial periods up to the present day.