bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating recall bias in a case‐crossover design estimating risk of injury related to alcohol: Data from six countries
Authors: Ye Yu , Bond Jason C. , Cherpitel Cheryl J. , Borges Guilherme , Monteiro Maristela , Vallance Kate 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPrior work suggests that recall bias may be a threat to the validity of relative risk estimation of injury due to alcohol consumption, when the case‐crossover method is used based on drinking during the same six hours period the week prior to injury as the control period. This work explores the issue of alcohol recall bias used in the case‐crossover design.Design and MethodsData were collected on injury patients from emergency room studies across six countries (Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Guyana, Nicaragua, Panama and Canada), conducted in 2009–2011, each with n ≈ 500 except Canada (n = 249). Recall bias was evaluated comparing drinking during two control periods: the same six hours period the day before versus the week before injury.ResultsA greater likelihood of drinking yesterday compared with last week was seen using data from the Dominican Republic, while lower likelihood of drinking yesterday was found in Guatemala and Nicaragua. When the data from all six countries were combined, no differential drinking between the two control periods was observed.Discussion and ConclusionsThese findings are in contrast to earlier studies showing a downward recall bias of drinking, and suggest that it may be premature to dismiss the last week case‐crossover method as a valid approach to estimating risk of injury related to drinking. However, the heterogeneity across countries suggests that there may be some unexplained measurement error beyond random sampling error. [Ye Y, Bond JC, Cherpitel CJ, Borges G, Monteiro M, Vallance K. Evaluating recall bias in a case‐crossover design estimating risk of injury related to alcohol: Data from six countries. Drug Alcohol Rev 2013;32:512–518]
Depressed performance and detoxification enzyme activities of Helicoverpa armigera fed with conventional cotton foliage subjected to methyl jasmonate exposure
Authors: Yang Shiyong , Wu Huihui , Xie Jianchun , Rantala Markus J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMethyl jasmonate (MeJA)‐mediated defense in conventional cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae), against cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), was investigated with respect to the activities of the detoxification enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase (CarE), and glutathione S‐transferases (GST) in pupae as well as the performance of larvae. The results suggested that exogenous application of MeJA to cotton leaves depressed the activities of AChE, CarE, and GST of cotton bollworm pupae. Both the absolute and protein‐specific AChE activities of pupae were depressed at all three MeJA concentrations applied as compared with a control, and the effects of 0.4 mM MeJA were significantly higher than those of 0.1 and 0.2 mM. A marked reduction in absolute CarE activity was observed at the 0.4 mM MeJA treatment, whereas the protein‐specific activity was increased by 0.2 and 0.4 mM. Absolute GST activity was significantly depressed only by the 0.4 mM MeJA treatment, whereas protein‐specific GST activity was not markedly affected by MeJA. Protein content of pupae was reduced by 0.4 mM MeJA‐induced defense in cotton leaves. The development time of larvae was protracted and pupal weight was reduced by 0.1 and 0.4 mM MeJA‐treated cotton leaves. Larval weight gain was inhibited significantly on 0.2 and 0.4 mM MeJA‐treated cotton leaves. The results suggested that MeJA‐induced plant defense may have adverse effects on H. armigera. In addition to the inhibition of growth and development, induced defense may also impair the insect's ability to detoxify toxic plant secondary metabolites.
Climatic and biotic velocities for woody taxa distributions over the last 16 000 years in eastern North America
Authors: Ordonez Alejandro , Williams John W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe estimated the latitudinal velocity (km/decade) of northern and southern boundaries of core distributions for 30 woody taxa over the last 16 000 years (biotic velocities) using networks of fossil pollen records, and compared these with climate velocities estimated from CCSM3 simulations. Biotic velocities were faster during periods of rapid temperature change (i.e. 16 to 7 ka) than times of relative stability (i.e. 7 to 1 ka), with a consistent northward movement of northern and southern boundaries. For most taxa, biotic velocities were faster for northern than for southern boundaries between 12 and 7 ka, resulting in expanding distributions. For individual time periods, biotic velocities were as fast or faster than climate velocities calculated using multivariate approaches. These results indicate that climate change paced the rate of distribution shifts in both northern and southern populations while suggesting that northern populations were more sensitive. A similar sensitivity and pacing is expected under 21st century climate change.
Steroids for preventing recurrence of acute severe migraine headaches: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Y. , Cai X. , Song X. , Tang H. , Huang Y. , Xie S. , Hu Y. 
Published: April 2013

Background and purposeRecurrence of migraine headaches after treatment is common. The evidence regarding steroids for preventing migraine headache recurrence is controversial. This meta‐analysis examined the effectiveness of steroids for prevention of recurrent headaches.MethodsDatabases (PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library) and conference proceedings were searched for randomized controlled trials comparing steroids and placebo in the treatment of migraine headaches. Two independent reviewers assessed studies and extracted data. Relative risks (RRs) of headache recurrence and adverse events were calculated and reported with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsEight studies with 905 patients were included. Pooled analysis showed that when steroids were added to standard abortive therapy they reduced the rate of moderate or severe headache recurrence after 24–72 h of follow‐up evaluation (RR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.59–0.86). There was no significant benefit of steroids compared with placebo in the proportion of totally resolved migraines (RR = 1.11; 95% CI = 0.94–1.32). The side effects of steroids are mild and not significant except for dizziness. Subgroup meta‐analysis showed that parenteral dexamethasone tends to be more effective in reducing moderate or severe recurrent headaches (RR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.55–0.84). However, no significant differences were found between oral administration and parenteral administration of steroids (P = 0.37).ConclusionWhen steroids are added to standard abortive therapy for migraine headaches, they are effective and safe for preventing moderate or severe headache recurrence.
No differences between men and women in adverse drug reactions related to psychotropic drugs: a survey from France, Italy and Spain
Authors: D'Incau Paola , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Carvajal Alfonso , Donati Monia , Salado Inés , Rodriguez Lauriane , Sáinz María , Escudero Antonio , Conforti Anita 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA large number of studies have suggested that being a woman represents a potential risk factor for the development of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The aim of this study is to further explore the differences between men and women with regard to reported ADRs, particularly those associated with psychotropic drugs. We used spontaneous reports of suspected ADRs collected by Midi‐Pyrénées (France), Veneto (Italy) and Castilla y León (Spain) Regional Pharmacovigilance Centres (January 2007–December 2009). All the reports including a psychotropic medication were selected in a first step; age distribution, seriousness and type of ADRs were compared between men and women. Reports of nonpsychotropic drugs were similarly identified and treated. The absolute number of reports and the proportion, considering population, were higher in women than in men. This was observed for all reports, but was particularly higher for psychotropic drugs (592 vs. 375; P < 0.001) than for nonpsychotropics drugs (5193 vs. 4035; P < 0.001). Antidepressants were the most reported (women, 303; men, 141; P < 0.001); the reporting rates (number of reports divided by exposed patients in the same period, estimated through sales data) for these drugs, however, were not significantly different between women (0.87 cases per 10 000 treated persons per year) and men (0.81 cases per 10 000 treated persons per year). Although there was a higher number of reports of ADRs in women, ADR reporting rates might be similar as highlighted by the case of antidepressants. Antidepressant ADRs in fact were similarly reported in men and in women. Gender differences are sometimes subtle and difficult to explore. International networks, as the one established for this study, do contribute to better analyse problems associated with medications.
The anti‐inflammatory compound BAY‐11‐7082 is a potent inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatases
Authors: Krishnan Navasona , Bencze Gyula , Cohen Philip , Tonks Nicholas K. 
Published: April 2013

The families of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) and protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) function in a coordinated manner to regulate signal transduction events that are critical for cellular homeostasis. Aberrant tyrosine phosphorylation, resulting from disruption of either PTP or PTK function, has been shown to be the cause of major human diseases, including cancer and diabetes. Consequently, the characterization of small‐molecule inhibitors of these kinases and phosphatases may not only provide molecular probes with which to define the significance of particular signaling events, but also may have therapeutic implications. BAY‐11‐7082 is an anti‐inflammatory compound that has been reported to inhibit IκB kinase activity. The compound has an α,β‐unsaturated electrophilic center, which confers the property of being a Michael acceptor; this suggests that it may react with nucleophilic cysteine‐containing proteins, such as PTPs. In this study, we demonstrated that BAY‐11‐7082 was a potent, irreversible inhibitor of PTPs. Using mass spectrometry, we have shown that BAY‐11‐7082 inactivated PTPs by forming a covalent adduct with the active‐site cysteine. Administration of the compound caused an increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation in RAW 264 macrophages, similar to the effects of the generic PTP inhibitor sodium orthovanadate. These data illustrate that BAY‐11‐7082 is an effective pan‐PTP inhibitor with cell permeability, revealing its potential as a new probe for chemical biology approaches to the study of PTP function. Furthermore, the data suggest that inhibition of PTP function may contribute to the many biological effects of BAY‐11‐7082 that have been reported to date.
Carrier modification and its application in continuous photo‐hydrogen production using anaerobic fluidized bed photo‐reactor
Authors: Ren Hong‐Yu , Liu Bing‐Feng , Xie Guo‐Jun , Zhao Lei , Ren Nan‐Qi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPoor hydrogen production performance and low biomass limit the practical application of photo‐fermentation. To improve the immobilization capability of bacteria and hydrogen production performance, activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were modified by acidic, alkaline, and neutral solutions. The modified ACFs were further used in the anaerobic fluidized bed photo‐reactor (AFBPR) to explore its continuous operation characteristics. Results showed that among the three reagents, nitric acid was the most efficient for ACF modification, and the maximum yield and production rate of hydrogen increased between about 33.6% and 65.8% compared to the control. Furthermore, with the optimal influent glutamate concentration (10 mmol L−1) and light intensity (4000 lux), the AFBPR gave efficient and stable performance with hydrogen yield of 2.26 mol H2 mol−1 acetate and hydrogen production rate of 25.8 mL L−1 h−1. The results showed the potential of using the AFBPR with HNO3‐modified ACF carriers for the large‐scale production of bio‐hydrogen.
Clinicopathological features of primary leiomyosarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract following recognition of gastrointestinal stromal tumours
Authors: Yamamoto Hidetaka , Handa Mizuki , Tobo Taro , Setsu Nokitaka , Fujita Kohei , Oshiro Yumi , Mihara Yumi , Yoshikawa Yasuji , Oda Yoshinao 
Published: April 2013

AimsWe aimed to elucidate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.Methods and resultsWe encountered seven cases of GI‐LMS in the colon (n = 4), rectum (n = 1), jejunum (n = 1) and stomach (n = 1). They ranged from 1 to 25 cm (median, 8.5 cm) in size and had high mitotic counts (median 38 per 50 high‐power fields). Morphologically, the tumours were composed mainly of spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and various degrees of nuclear atypia and pleomorphism. Immunohistochemically, the tumours were positive for α‐smooth muscle actin (86%), muscle‐specific actin (71%), desmin (86%), calponin (71%), h‐caldesmon (57%) and smoothelin (71%). All were negative for KIT, CD34, protein kinase C theta and DOG1. Local recurrence and distant metastasis occurred in one and three patients, respectively. We then reviewed 55 cases of GI‐LMS from the era following the recognition of gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Among 29 of 55 cases for whom follow‐up information was available, the estimated 5‐year overall survival rate was 51.6%; tumour size ≥5 cm was correlated significantly with shorter overall survival time (P = 0.0016), while mitotic count (≥50 or ≥100 per 50 high‐power fields) proved to be no prognostic factor.ConclusionsGI‐LMSs have distinctive clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features and exhibit aggressive biological behaviour.
God of Life, Lead Us to Justice and Peace: Some Missiological Perspectives
Authors: Coorilos Geevarghese 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe article examines the theme of the Busan Assembly from a missiological angle, especially from the perspective of “mission from the margins.” This is done, focussing on Asian contextual realities, with a specific subaltern accent on Indian missiological challenges such as casteism. The article argues that the prayer format of the assembly theme be understood essentially as cries of the marginalized peoples and the exploited nature. Christians and churches are challenged to echo these cries by joining in their struggles to affirm life, justice and peace. Links to the new WCC affirmation on mission and evangelism are also established here.
A God of Life, a Civilization of Love: Justice, Mission, and Catholic Social Teaching
Authors: Groody Daniel G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe 10th Assembly of the World Council of Churches in Busan, Republic of Korea, presents a unique opportunity to reflect on an ecumenical theology of mission. This article draws on Roman Catholic perspectives and specifically asks how Catholic social teaching can contribute to this international and inclusive discussion. Connecting some central principles of this teaching to the core theme of the Busan assembly, the author argues that the central aim of Catholic social teaching is to proclaim a God of life and build a civilization of love. As it fosters justice and peace, the church seeks to globalize solidarity and make more visible the invisible heart of God.
Daughters of Africa Heed the Call for Justice, Peace, and Fullness of Life
Authors: Njoroge Nyambura J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this issue of IRM that focuses on “God of Life, lead us to justice and peace” I wish to reflect on how women in Africa have joined God of Life in saying “No” to senseless death as a way of life due to, among other things, endemic violence, insecurity, poverty, diseases, trauma, and leadership crisis. By focusing on narratives that depict African women's engagement in God's mission, I attempt to demonstrate their courage to act and to speak truth to power. Put differently, these women have heeded life‐giving messages of justice and peace in the scriptures that lead them daily to reimagining resurrection here and now against unspeakable corruption, arrogance, and total disregard for God's immeasurable gifts of love, forgiveness, kindness, unity, and fullness of life. These are ordinary women who act with extraordinary courage because they are tired of lies about themselves and about Africa. They have identified deeply entrenched injustices about women and about Africa that have condemned them to a life of endless struggle and misery. These women want more than justice and peace: They want life after birth in its abundance!
“You Have Not Sought the Lost”: A Reflection from Europe on the WCC Theme
Authors: Cruchley‐Jones Peter 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article queries the title “God of Life,” and wonders how this can be intelligible in a European context where God is not associated with life, nor is seen to bring anyone closer to justice or peace. Having outlined the conflicted context of Europe for faith, this article goes on to explore if this context might, nevertheless, offer any clues to constructing a mission theology for the God of Life. Using the parable of the prodigal son, the article begins to explore themes of lostness that subvert the typical reading of this parable and open out an alternative perspective on the experience of God as absent. This creates a fresh space in which it might be possible for the God of Life to come in new guises, bringing fresh companions inviting us to enter into a new spirit of mission.
Gender Justice in Pluralistic Societies: Challenges for Theological Education
Authors: Grüter Verena 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis article discusses the Busan motto “God of Life, Lead Us to Justice and Peace” from the perspective of an intercultural and inter‐religious approach in feminist theology, which is informed by post‐colonial feminism. It argues the case of this approach as a theological core competence in religious and cultural pluralistic societies. According to the theory of secularization, women's lack of freedom is primarily the result of patriarchal religious prescriptions and thus liberation will only come through overcoming religion. However, the recent religious pluralism in formerly secular societies necessitates a radical revision of this assumption. Feminist theology in religiously and culturally pluralistic societies must not only engage in an intercultural hermeneutics, but must dialogue with non‐religious feminists in order to practise the indispensable criticism of religion.
Hosts and Guests: Hospitality as an Emerging Paradigm in Mission
Authors: Brandner Tobias 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn recent years, hospitality has turned into a central term in missiological discussions integrating several aspects of missiological reflection. The essay summarizes how the dialectic between host and guest builds a central thread throughout the biblical narrative and explores how the dual role of missionaries as hosts and guests opens new dimensions of missionary existence and self‐understanding. On the one hand, the role of the missionary as guest emphasizes the missionary's vulnerability and voluntary submission to the cultural and contextual rules. It thus implies a humility that stands in contrast to any spirit of conquest. On the other hand, missionaries who understand their role as one of host show a readiness for disruption and openness to the sacramental quality of a guest that possibly allows an encounter with God. Hospitality thus re‐enacts a basic movement of faith, the movement of receiving the alien word of God. In a final reflection, the essay considers a contradiction inherent in the concept of hospitality, as pointed out by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida, the contradiction between openness to those in need of hospitality and the host's dependence on power and control in order to host people.
Dialogue and Orthodox Mission Today
Authors: Mihăiţă Nifon 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDialogue and Orthodox mission are two fundamental aspects of contemporary Orthodoxy that characterize and qualify its ecclesiastic activity. Orthodoxy is open to ecumenical dialogue, as it believes in apostolicity and the truthfulness of its doctrine. Ecumenical involvement is both the fulfilment of Christ's will and a special occasion for the Orthodox Church to promote the richness and beauty of its spiritual legacy. The Orthodox mission focuses on all aspects and current needs of Orthodox believers, including the response to contemporary secular challenges. It is based on well‐defined principles and it is systematic, its main aim being to promote our Lord's gospel.
Carbohydrate accumulation may be the proximate trigger of anthocyanin biosynthesis under autumn conditions in Begonia semperflorens
Authors: Zhang K. M. , Li Z. , Li Y. , Li Y. H. , Kong D. Z. , Wu R. H. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMany plant leaves appear red in the autumn, and many papers have focused on the environmental factors and role of anthocyanin in this process. However few papers have examined the substances that are induced during this process. We hypothesised that excess sugar accumulation directly induces anthocyanin accumulation under autumn conditions. Using two methods (restricting phloem movement and exogenous sucrose feeding), we found that both surplus photosynthate and exogenous sucrose could induce anthocyanin biosynthesis, corresponding to up‐regulation of several enzymes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis (phenylalanine ammonia lyase, chalcone isomerase, dihydroflavonol 4‐reductase and flavonoid 3‐O‐glucosyl transferase) and in transport (glutathione S‐transferase). Our results suggest that excess carbohydrate may be the proximate trigger for induction of anthocyanin biosynthesis in autumn, but only when carbohydrates are accumulated for storage.
A preliminary study on the effect of combined nicotine replacement therapy on alcohol responses and alcohol self‐administration
Authors: Udo Tomoko , Harrison Emily L.R. , Shi Julia , Tetrault Jeanette , McKee Sherry A. 
Published: April 2013

Background and ObjectivesLimiting alcohol consumption may help prevent alcohol‐mediated smoking relapse in heavy drinking smokers. This pilot study examined whether combining a nicotine patch with nicotine nasal spray has stronger attenuating effects on alcohol response and consumption than a nicotine patch alone.MethodsTwenty‐two non‐alcohol dependent heavy drinking smokers completed the double‐blind cross‐over, placebo‐controlled study (21 mg nicotine patch + nicotine or placebo nasal spray). Six hours after 21mg nicotine patch application, subjective and physiological responses to a priming drink (0.3 g/kg) were assessed, followed by two 1‐hr alcohol self‐administration periods, with possible consumption of up to 4 drinks per period (each 0.15 g/kg). Nasal spray (1 mg [active] or 0 mg [placebo] per dose) was administered 10 min prior to the priming dose and each self‐administration period.ResultsActive nasal spray did not increase serum nicotine levels, compared with placebo administration. The number of drinks consumed did not differ by the nasal spray conditions. However, positive subjective responses to the priming drink were lower in the active nasal spray condition than the placebo nasal spray condition. During the self‐administration period, urge to drink was also lower in the active spray condition than the placebo condition.Conclusions and Scientific SignificanceAugmenting the nicotine patch with nicotine nasal spray attenuated positive subjective alcohol response and craving and suggests that future studies should investigate whether these findings translate to a clinical setting. (Am J Addict 2013;22:590–597)