bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus undatus) Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum truncatum in China
Authors: Guo Li We , Wu Yi Xin , Ho Hon Hing , Su Yuan Ying , Mao Zi Chao , He Peng Fei , He Yue Qiu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAnthracnose disease was detected from dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) at a market of Yuanjiang County, Yunnan Province, China. The results of pathogenicity test, morphology studies and sequence analyses based on ITS and β‐tubulin loci indicated that the disease was caused by Colletotrichum truncatum. The pathogen produced elliptic, yellow spots with chlorotic halos on the surface of the fruit, and the lesion become depressed gradually. Grey to black acervuli appeared on the lesion surface in concentric circles later. This is the first report of dragon fruit anthracnose caused by this pathogen in China.
First Report of Cercospora Leaf Spot of Burcucumber Caused by Cercospora citrullina in Korea
Authors: Hong Sun‐Hee , Park Ji‐Hyun , Cho Sung‐Eun , Shin Hyeon‐Dong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBurcucumbers (Sicyos angulatus) showing necrotic leaf spots were found in several locations in Korea during 2008–2012. The causal agent was a fungus that was identified as Cercospora citrullina, based on morphological characteristics as well as sequences of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region. Although C. citrullina has been known to attack various cucurbitaceous plants, this is the first report of this fungus on S. angulatus.
Phoma Leaf Spot Disease of Tinospora Cordifolia and its Effect on Secondary Metabolite Production
Authors: Shivanna Manchanahally B. , Achar Karthikere G. Somashekhara , Vasanthakumari Madhugiri M. , Mahishi Parinitha 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTinospora cordifolia is one of the important medicinal climbers growing extensively in Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnataka, India. The plant foliages were found infected with Phoma putaminum in different parts of the sanctuary. A three‐year (August 2006–July 2009) study of the disease due to the pathogen indicated that the disease incidence (DI) ranged from 0 to 100% (maximum in Kakanahasudi), while disease severity (DS) ranged from 1.60 to 45.00% (maximum in Madhuguni). The environmental parameters like rainfall and relative humidity (RH) correlated significantly with DI and DS, while temperature correlated negatively. The regression analysis indicated that DI and DS were affected due to increase in RH and decrease in temperature and rainfall. The spatial heterogeneity of the foliar disease determined by the binary form of modified Taylor's power law indicated that the disease incidence showed the regular pattern of dispersion (P < 0.001) in seven forest regions and heterogenous pattern (P < 0.001) in one forest region. The result also indicated that the alkaloid content decreased drastically following infection with P. putaminum, while phenol, flavonoid and steroid contents increased with increase in the severity of infection.
The Myth of Chinese Barbies: eating disorders in China including Hong Kong
Authors: Getz M. J. 
Published: November 2013

Accessible summary
Eating disorders have been found in Chinese populations.
Chinese patients may not report the fear of gaining weight.
Westernization may be linked to an increase of cases, but its role is unclear.
AbstractMuch of the literature on eating disorders deals with Western subjects. Although the majority of those seen in clinical settings are Caucasians, reports from Asia suggest that anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa do occur in the Chinese, sparking debate as to whether or not it is the result of Westernization. This project begins with a review of the current literature on eating disorders in Chinese populations and the role of culture as a mediating factor. A psychodynamic conceptualization and the potential role of traumatic experiences are explored in the emergence of pathological eating habits. Research suggests that applying Western models for Chinese subjects with eating disorders may not always be appropriate.
Values and valuing mental health nursing in primary care: what is wrong with the ‘before and on behalf of’ model?
Authors: Lakeman R. , Cashin A. , Hurley J. 
Published: November 2013

Accessible summary

The present model of employment specified in the Mental Health Nurse Incentive Program (MHNIP) is closely aligned to a traditional practice nurse model whereby the nurse is employed to assist and extend medical practice.

Mental health nurses working within MHNIP typically possess post graduate qualifications and a breadth of experience characteristic of a specialist and advanced practitioner in mental health.

Mental health nurses ought to enjoy the same status, level of remuneration, professional esteem and accountability of other health professionals.
AbstractThe Mental Health Nurse Incentive Programme (MHNIP) provides funding to organizations to enable mental health nurses (MHNs) to provide care to people with complex needs in primary care settings in Australia. The programme is based on a ‘for and on‐behalf of’ practice nursing model whereby the MHN is presumed to have no specialist knowledge, skills or professional autonomy, and rather extends the reach of medicine. This paper provides a profile of MHNs working in the MHNIP derived from an online survey. A content analysis of responses establishes that nurses who work within MHNIP are highly experienced, and have extensive postgraduate qualifications particularly in psychotherapy. Nurses have negotiated a range of complex employment and contractual arrangements with organizations and pushed the boundaries of the programme to realize good outcomes. The ‘practice nurse model’ of employment and the underpinning assumptions about MHNs and their skill set relative to other professions is critically examined. Changes to the programme funding mechanism and programme specifications are recommended.
Hepatitis C virus infection alters lipid metabolism depending on IL28B polymorphism and viral genotype and modulates gene expression in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Rojas Á. , del Campo J. A. , Maraver M. , Aparcero R. , García‐Valdecasas M. , Diago M. , Carmona I. , Andrade R. J. , Solà R. , Romero‐Gómez M. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryHepatitis C virus (HCV) interacts with lipid receptors to enter the cell, circulates as lipoviroparticle and is secreted as VLDL. We aimed to investigate the role of the rs12979860 polymorphism in the IL28B gene in 143 with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1, 144 infected with genotype 3, 90 genotype 4 and 413 noninfected individuals on lipid profile and to test the impact of HCV infection in an in vitro model on VLDL biosynthesis‐related gene expression rs12979860 polymorphism was analysed using real‐time PCR coupled to Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). Huh7.5 (rs12979860 CT) and Huh7 (genotype CC) cells were infected with JFH‐1 particles and serum from patients infected with genotypes 1 and 3. Gene expression of apolipoprotein B (apoB), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr) genes were determined by semiquantitative RT‐PCR in vivo and in vitro. Genotype CC rs12979860 polymorphism was associated with significantly higher serum LDL and total cholesterol levels in patients with hepatitis C genotype 1 but not in patients with hepatitis C genotype 3, genotype 4 and control (noninfected) population. Genotype CC was more often seen in genotype 3 and healthy people in comparison with genotype 1; P = 0.001. In vitro results showed that HCV infection promotes lipid metabolism gene expression induction depending on viral genotype, but to a lesser extent in cells with CT genotype. These results demonstrate that IL28B genotype influences lipid metabolism in patients with hepatitis C but not in noninfected and it seems to be viral genotype‐mediated. HCV infection modifies lipid‐related genes expression (DGAT1 and DGAT2) in cultured cells based on viral genotype and IL28 polymorphism.
Autoimmune hepatitis in the Alaska Native population: autoantibody profile and HLA associations
Authors: Ferucci Elizabeth D. , Choromanski Tammy L. , Hurlburt Kathy J. , Livingston Stephen , Plotnik Julia , Manns Michael P. , McMahon Brian J. , James Judith A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsThe Alaska Native population is one of few populations in the world with a high prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and HLA and clinical associations of autoantibodies in Alaska Native people with autoimmune hepatitis.MethodsAlaska Native individuals with autoimmune hepatitis were recruited in clinics conducted statewide. Sera were tested for the presence of autoantibodies described in either autoimmune hepatitis or rheumatic disease. Associations between autoantibodies and HLA alleles and clinical features were assessed.ResultsSeventy‐one patients were included. At the study visit, 34 patients (47.9%) had antibodies to double‐stranded DNA by immunofluorescence; 27 (38.0%) had anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; and 11 (15.5%) had anti‐Ro antibodies. Only one person had antibodies against soluble liver antigen, and in that person, anti‐Ro was absent. Associations were found between autoantibodies and HLA alleles, including positive associations between HLA DR3 and anti‐double‐stranded DNA antibodies and between HLA DR14 and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. There was no association between autoantibodies and clinical outcomes.ConclusionsAs in other populations, the prevalence of anti‐double‐stranded DNA antibodies and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies is high in Alaska Native people with autoimmune hepatitis. In contrast to data from other populations, there is a lower prevalence of anti‐soluble liver antigen and a lack of association between anti‐Ro and anti‐soluble liver antigen. In addition, the HLA profile and associations with autoantibodies are unique. No clear prognostic implications of autoantibodies have emerged in this population.
Inhibition of tumour angiogenesis and growth by small hairpin HIF‐1α and IL‐8 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Choi Sung Hoon , Kwon Oh‐Joon , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Seung Up , Ro Simon Weonsang , Kim Kyung Sik , Park Jeon Han , Kim Seungtaek , Yun Chae‐Ok , Han Kwang‐Hyub 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsHypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α), a key transcription factor in the cellular response to hypoxia, and interleukin 8 (IL‐8), a key mediator of angiogenesis, are important in cancerous tumour growth. In this study, we evaluated the effects of HIF‐1α and IL‐8 knockdown on angiogenesis and tumour growth in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsHepatocellular carcinoma cell lines were infected with adenoviruses expressing small‐hairpin RNA (shRNA) specific for HIF‐1α or IL‐8, cultured under hypoxic conditions (1% O2), and examined for their levels of HIF‐1α, IL‐8, and angiogenesis factors using immunoblot. The effects of adenovirus‐mediated shRNA‐induced HIF‐1α and IL‐8 knockdown on tumour growth and angiogenesis were also investigated in a subcutaneous Hep3B‐tumour mouse model.ResultsHypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α knockdown directly repressed tumour growth, whereas IL‐8 knockdown indirectly repressed tumour growth. Combined knockdown of HIF‐1α and IL‐8 increased survival rates of mice. HIF‐1α and IL‐8 knockdown also decreased microvessel density and tumour volume in vivo. Similarly, HIF‐1α and IL‐8 knockdown inhibited the angiogenic effects of HCC cell‐conditioned media on tube formation and invasion by endothelial cells in vitro.ConclusionThese findings indicate that shRNA‐induced HIF‐1α and IL‐8 knockdown inhibit angiogenesis and tumour growth in HCC. Further development of HIF‐1α and IL‐8 shRNA technologies could lead to effective therapies for HCC.
Long‐term changes of liver stiffness values assessed using transient elastography in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving entecavir
Authors: Kim Mi Na , Kim Seung Up , Kim Beom Kyung , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Han Kwang‐Hyub 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsLiver stiffness (LS) measurement using transient elastography allows for accurate evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. We aimed to investigate the influence of antiviral treatment using entecavir (ETV) on LS values in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods121 patients with CHB who completed a 3‐year ETV treatment were recruited. LS values were measured before starting ETV (baseline) and after the completion of the 3‐year treatment. A significant decline in the LS value was defined as a ≥30% drop from the baseline.ResultsThe median baseline LS value of the patients was 14.3 kPa. However, it decreased significantly to 7.3 kPa after 3‐year ETV treatment (P < 0.001). A higher baseline LS value was the single independent predictor of a significant decline in LS value on multivariate analysis (P<0.001; hazard ratio [HR], 1.155; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.073–1.243). Using an optimal cutoff baseline LS value of 11.5 kPa (area under receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.781; 95% CI, 0.698–0.863, P < 0.001; sensitivity 75.6%; specificity, 62.8%), patients with baseline LS values of ≥11.5 kPa had a greater probability of experiencing a significant decline in the LS value than those with baseline LS values of <11.5 kPa (P < 0.001; HR, 5.240; 95% CI, 2.340–11.732).ConclusionsIn patients with CHB, LS values were decreased significantly after a 3‐year ETV treatment. A higher baseline LS value was the single independent predictor of a significant decline in the LS value.
Coffee consumption in NAFLD patients with lower insulin resistance is associated with lower risk of severe fibrosis
Authors: Bambha Kiran , Wilson Laura A. , Unalp Aynur , Loomba Rohit , Neuschwander‐Tetri Brent A. , Brunt Elizabeth M. , Bass Nathan M. ,   the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network (NASH CRN)
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsCoffee has inverse relationships with both type 2 diabetes and hepatic fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Relationships were explored between coffee intake and insulin resistance (IR) with respect to NAFLD histologic severity.MethodsWe analyzed data from 782 adults (≥18 years) in the Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network (NASH CRN) from 2004 to 2008. IR was assessed using the HOMA‐IR. We modeled associations between coffee intake and NAFLD histologic severity using multiple logistic regression; and interactions between coffee and IR on NAFLD histology were explored.ResultsAmong 782 participants, 38% (n = 295) were men, 12% (n = 97) were Latino, mean age (± standard deviation) was 48 ± 12 years. Median BMI was 33.5 kg/m2 [interquartile range, 29.7–38.3] and median HOMA‐IR was 4.3 [2.7–7.2]. Diabetes was present in 24% (n = 189). NASH was present in 79% (n = 616), and 25% (n = 199) had advanced fibrosis. The frequency of coffee intake (cups/day, cpd) was as follows: 0 cpd, n = 230 (29%); <1 cpd, n = 219 (28%); 1 to <2 cpd, n = 116 (15%); ≥2 cpd, n = 217 (28%). The effect of coffee on fibrosis varied with degree of IR (interaction P = 0.001). Coffee consumers with less IR, defined as HOMA‐IR<4.3, had a lower odds of advanced fibrosis [OR = 0.64; 95% CI, (0.46–0.88), P = 0.001]. There was no protective effect of coffee on advanced fibrosis among individuals with higher HOMA‐IR [OR = 1.06, 95% CI (0.87–1.28), P = 0.6].ConclusionsCoffee intake is inversely associated with advanced fibrosis among NAFLD patients with lower HOMA‐IR. Our findings warrant further investigation given the worldwide ubiquity of coffee intake.
Protective effect of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT7765 against induced bacterial antigen translocation in experimental cirrhosis
Authors: Moratalla Alba , Gómez‐Hurtado Isabel , Santacruz Arlette , Moya Ángela , Peiró Gloria , Zapater Pedro , González‐Navajas José M. , Giménez Paula , Such José , Sanz Yolanda , Francés Rubén 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsIntervention in the gut ecosystem is considered as a potential strategy to treat liver diseases and their complications. We have evaluated the effects of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT7765 on bacterial translocation and the liver status in experimental cirrhosis.Animals & MethodsLiver damage was induced in Balb/c mice by weight‐controlled oral administration of carbon tetrachloride. Laparotomies were performed at week 12. One week prior to laparotomy, animals received B. pseudocatenulatum CECT7765 (109cfu/daily) or placebo intragastrically. All animals received Escherichia coli (107cfu/single dose) intragastrically 24 hours before laparotomy. A group of naïve non‐treated animals was included as control. Liver tissue specimens, mesenteric lymph nodes, intestinal content and blood were collected. Liver histology, profibrogenic genes expression, bacterial DNA translocation, serum endotoxaemia and liver cytokine levels were measured.ResultsBifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum CECT7765 showed no significant effect on structural liver damage, as determined by histological evaluation, alpha‐smooth muscle actin distribution, profibrogenic gene expression levels, total hydroxyproline levels and malon dialdehyde production compared with mice receiving placebo. Interestingly, bacterial DNA translocation and serum endotoxin levels were significantly decreased in mice receiving the Bifidobacterium strain compared with placebo. Gut barrier integrity markers were up‐regulated in mice receiving B. pseudocatenulatum CECT7765 and quantitatively correlated with intestinal gene copy numbers of the bifidobacterial strain. Gene expression levels of several anti‐inflammatory mediators were also increased in mice receiving B. pseudocatenulatum CECT7765 compared with placebo.ConclusionOral administration of B. pseudocatenulatum CECT7765 is associated with improved gut barrier integrity and shows a beneficial effect against induced bacterial antigen translocation in the CCl4‐model of cirrhosis.
Recent progress and challenges in population genetics of polyploid organisms: an overview of current state‐of‐the‐art molecular and statistical tools
Authors: Dufresne France , Stift Marc , Vergilino Roland , Mable Barbara K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDespite the importance of polyploidy and the increasing availability of new genomic data, there remain important gaps in our knowledge of polyploid population genetics. These gaps arise from the complex nature of polyploid data (e.g. multiple alleles and loci, mixed inheritance patterns, association between ploidy and mating system variation). Furthermore, many of the standard tools for population genetics that have been developed for diploids are often not feasible for polyploids. This review aims to provide an overview of the state‐of‐the‐art in polyploid population genetics and to identify the main areas where further development of molecular techniques and statistical theory is required. We review commonly used molecular tools (amplified fragment length polymorphism, microsatellites, Sanger sequencing, next‐generation sequencing and derived technologies) and their challenges associated with their use in polyploid populations: that is, allele dosage determination, null alleles, difficulty of distinguishing orthologues from paralogues and copy number variation. In addition, we review the approaches that have been used for population genetic analysis in polyploids and their specific problems. These problems are in most cases directly associated with dosage uncertainty and the problem of inferring allele frequencies and assumptions regarding inheritance. This leads us to conclude that for advancing the field of polyploid population genetics, most priority should be given to development of new molecular approaches that allow efficient dosage determination, and to further development of analytical approaches to circumvent dosage uncertainty and to accommodate ‘flexible’ modes of inheritance. In addition, there is a need for more simulation‐based studies that test what kinds of biases could result from both existing and novel approaches.
Spatial transcriptomes of iron‐deficient and cadmium‐stressed rice
Authors: Ogo Yuko , Kakei Yusuke , Itai Reiko Nakanishi , Kobayashi Takanori , Nakanishi Hiromi , Takahashi Hirokazu , Nakazono Mikio , Nishizawa Naoko K. 
Published: November 2013

Summary

Although the genes involved in metal homeostasis have been investigated over the past few decades, many genes related to metal homeostasis remain uncharacterized, and a comprehensive analysis of the expression of these genes is required.

In the present study, we investigated the spatial gene expression profile of iron (Fe)‐deficient and cadmium (Cd)‐stressed Oryza sativa (rice) using laser microdissection and microarray analysis. Roots of Fe‐deficient and Cd‐stressed rice were separated into the vascular bundle, cortex, and epidermis plus exodermis. In addition, vascular bundles from new and old leaves at the lowest node, which are important for metal distribution, were analyzed separately.

The spatial expression patterns were distinct in each tissue type. Fe deficiency and Cd stress also had significant effects on the transcriptomes, although these were less pronounced than the spatial effects. Genes encoding transporters involved in metal homeostasis, proteins associated with heavy metal detoxification, and phytohormone‐related proteins were comprehensively investigated. Additionally, cis motifs involved in the regulation of these diverse expression changes in various tissue types were predicted.

The spatial transcriptomes presented here provide novel insight into the molecular mechanisms of metal homeostasis.
The Frugal City
Authors: SOLERI PAOLO 
Published: November 2013

The megacities arising around the planet are like the Internet where many events are taking place simultaneously. The urban scape today is becoming more a space of flows—migrants, trade, capital, information, microbes—than a space of places rooted in an historical identity.The megaurban condition today encompasses many realities, from the glittering generic city‐state of Singapore to the slums climbing up the hillsides around Mexico City or Sao Paulo. In these spaces we work, love and live out the intimate moments of our lives. In these spaces we consume and spew out climate warming gases.In this section, two of the world's “star architects”—Rem Koolhaas and Frank Gehry—the visionary “arcologist” Paolo Soleri and the Turkish novelist and Nobel laureate, Orhan Pamuk, grasp at chronicling the reality of where we live.