bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secure semantic expansion based search over encrypted cloud data supporting similarity ranking
Authors: Xia Zhihua , Zhu Yanling , Sun Xingming , Chen Lihong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWith the advent of cloud computing, more and more information data are outsourced to the public cloud for economic savings and ease of access. However, the privacy information has to be encrypted to guarantee the security. To implement efficient data utilization, search over encrypted cloud data has been a great challenge. The existing solutions depended entirely on the submitted query keyword and didn’t consider the semantics of keyword. Thus the search schemes are not intelligent and also omit some semantically related documents. In view of the deficiency, as an attempt, we propose a semantic expansion based similar search solution over encrypted cloud data. Our solution could return not only the exactly matched files, but also the files including the terms semantically related to the query keyword. In the proposed scheme, a corresponding file metadata is constructed for each file. Then both the encrypted metadata set and file collection are uploaded to the cloud server. With the metadata set, the cloud server builds the inverted index and constructs semantic relationship library (SRL) for the keywords set. After receiving a query request, the cloud server first finds out the keywords that are semantically related to the query keyword according to SRL. Then both the query keyword and the extensional words are used to retrieve the files. The result files are returned in order according to the total relevance score. Eventually, detailed security analysis shows that our solution is privacy-preserving and secure under the previous searchable symmetric encryption (SSE) security definition. Experimental evaluation demonstrates the efficiency and effectives of the scheme.
Photoinduced Hydrogen Atom Transfer in 2-(2′-Hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole Substituted with Anthracene
Authors: Inatsu Yuji , Arai Tatsuo 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Photoinduced intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer was observed in anthracene-substituted 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzimidazole (HBI) derivatives, depending on substitution position.
Effect of Adding a Thiol Stabilizer on Synthesis of Au Nanoparticles by Sputter Deposition onto Poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Hatakeyama Yoshikiyo , Kato Jun-ichi , Mukai Tomohiro , Judai Ken , Nishikawa Keiko 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We previously developed a new method that combines sputter deposition of Au and the use of a capture medium of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) for preparing Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). To further control the size and shape of AuNPs, we improved the method in the present study by adding a low-molecular-weight α-methoxy-ω-thiopoly(oxyethylene) (mPEG-SH) as a nonvolatile stabilizing agent to PEG. The synthesized AuNPs were structurally characterized by transmission electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, and the results were compared with our earlier findings of AuNPs prepared in neat PEG. The AuNPs prepared with the addition of mPEG-SH were spherical. The concentration of mPEG-SH played an important role in controlling the size and size distribution of AuNPs, whereas the temperature of the capture medium had a small effect on these characteristics. In addition, heat treatment stability of AuNPs and the effect of elapsed time on AuNP formation were investigated; AuNPs synthesized in PEG solution containing mPEG-SH were much more resistant to the variables than AuNPs synthesized in neat PEG.
Reaction Layer Depth Depending on the Degree of the Steady-State Coupling in an Acid Phosphatase-Immobilized Enzyme Membrane
Authors: Nomura Kazuo , Miyawaki Heita 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Steady-state coupling between the diffusion and the chemical reaction in an artificial enzyme membrane was investigated on the basis of nonequilibrium thermodynamics. The relaxation length for the chemical affinity of the reaction, which can be considered the reaction layer thickness for the enzyme membrane, was found to be expressed in terms of the maximum velocity and the Michaelis constant for the enzymatic reaction and the diffusion coefficients of the reaction participants. The theoretical expression was applied to the acid phosphatase-immobilized membrane–two aqueous buffered solution system, one of which contains 4-nitrophenyl phosphate as the substrate for the enzymatic reaction. Using the obtained relaxation length, the asymmetric distribution of the chemical affinity of the hydrolysis reaction within the enzyme membrane has been developed in some cases.
The need for antibiotic stewardship and treatment standardization in the care of cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis – a retrospective cohort study examining the effect of ceftriaxone dosing
Authors: Mazer Laura , Tapper Elliot B. , Piatkowski Gail , Lai Michelle 
Published: July 2014

Background: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common, often fatal affliction for cirrhotic patients. Despite all clinical trials of ceftriaxone for SBP using 2g daily, it is often given at 1g daily.Aim: We evaluated survival after SBP as a function of ceftriaxone dosage.Methods: A retrospective cohort of all patients who received ceftriaxone for SBP (greater than 250 neutrophils in the ascites).Results: As opposed to 1 gram, median survival is longer for patients receiving 2 grams (228 days vs. 102 days (p = 0.26) and one year survival is significantly higher (p = 0.0034). After adjusting for baseline Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, however, this difference was no longer significant. Similarly, there was a significantly shorter length of intensive care for patients receiving 2 g (0.59 ± 1.78 days vs. 3.26 ± 6.9, p = 0.034), odds ratio 0.11 (95% CI 0.02 - 0.65). This difference, too, was no longer significant after controlling for the MELD score - odds ratio 0.21 (95% CI 0.04 - 1.07). Additionally, 70% of patients received at least one additional antibiotic; over 25 different medications were used in various combinations.Conclusions: Patients receiving 2 g of ceftriaxone may require fewer intensive care days and may enjoy an improved survival compared to those receiving 1 g daily. The complexity of antibiotic regimens to which cirrhotic patients are exposed must be studied further and rationalized. We recommend fastidious antibiotic stewardship for patients with cirrhosis. Efforts should be made to craft local standards for the treatment of SBP that include appropriate antibiotic selection and dose.
Synchronization of multi-agent systems with event-based communication
Authors: Demir Ozan , Lunze Jan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This paper investigates the synchronization problem of multi-agent systems with event-based communication. It is assumed that
contionuous-time synchronization protocolls guarentee the asymptotic synchronization of the agents. It will be shown that event-based
synchronization protocols reduce the communication effort in comparison to the continuous-time synchronization algorithms, while the
convergence of the subsystems to a bounded region around the synchronous trajectory is guaranteed.
Which abelian tensor categories are geometric?
Authors: Schäppi Daniel 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
For a large class of geometric objects, the passage to categories of quasi-coherent sheaves provides an embedding in the 2-category of abelian tensor categories. The notion of weakly Tannakian categories introduced by the author gives a characterization of tensor categories in the image of this embedding.
However, this notion requires additional structure to be present, namely a fiber functor. For the case of classical Tannakian categories in characteristic zero, Deligne has found intrinsic properties—expressible entirely within the language of tensor categories—which are necessary and sufficient for the existence of a fiber functor. In this paper we generalize Deligne’s result to weakly Tannakian categories in characteristic zero. The class of geometric objects whose tensor categories of quasi-coherent sheaves can be recognized in this manner includes both the gerbes arising in classical Tannaka duality and more classical geometric objects such as projective varieties over a field of characteristic zero.
Our proof uses a different perspective on fiber functors, which we formalize through the notion of geometric tensor categories. A second application of this perspective allows us to describe categories of quasi-coherent sheaves on fiber products.
Neonatal Outcome Following Cord Clamping After Onset of Spontaneous Respiration
Authors: Ersdal Hege Langli , Linde Jørgen , Mduma Estomih , Auestad Bjørn , Perlman Jeffrey 
Published: July 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Evolving data indicate that cord clamping (CC) beyond 30 to 60 seconds after birth is of benefit for all infants. Recent experimental data demonstrated that ventilation before CC improved cardiovascular stability by increasing pulmonary blood flow. The objective was to describe the relationship between time to CC, onset of spontaneous respirations (SR), and 24-hour neonatal outcome.

METHODS:
In a rural Tanzanian hospital, trained research assistants, working in shifts, have observed every delivery (November 2009–February 2013) and recorded data including time interval from birth to SR and CC, fetal heart rate, perinatal characteristics and outcome (normal, death, admission).

RESULTS:
Of 15 563 infants born, 12 780 (84.3%) initiated SR at 10.8 ± 16.7 seconds, and CC occurred at 63 ± 45 seconds after birth. Outcomes included 12 730 (99.7%) normal, 31 deaths, and 19 admitted; 11 967 were of birth weight (BW) ≥2500 g and 813 &lt;2500 g. By logistic modeling, the risk of death/admission was consistently higher if CC occurred before SR. Infants of BW &lt;2500 g were more likely to die or be admitted. The risk of death/admission decreased by 20% for every 10-second delay in CC after SR; this risk declined at the same rate in both BW groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Healthy self-breathing neonates are more likely to die or be admitted if CC occurs before or immediately after onset of SR. These clinical observations support the experimental findings of a smoother cardiovascular transition when CC is performed after initiation of ventilation.
Waterflooding in Carbonate Reservoirs: Does the Salinity Matter?
Authors: Shehata A.M.. M. , Alotaibi M.B.. B. , Nasr-El-Din H.A.. A. 
Published: July 2014

Summary
Waterflooding has been used for decades as a secondary oil-recovery mode to support oil-reservoir pressure and to drive oil into producing wells. Recently, the tuning of the salinity of the injected water in sandstone reservoirs was used to enhance oil recovery at different injection modes. Several possible low-salinity-waterflooding mechanisms in sandstone formations were studied. Also, modified seawater was tested in chalk reservoirs as a tertiary recovery mode and consequently reduced the residual oil saturation (ROS). In carbonate formations, the effect of the ionic strength of the injected brine on oil recovery has remained questionable.
In this paper, coreflood studies were conducted on Indiana limestone rock samples at 195°F. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the salinity of the injected brine on the oil recovery during secondary and tertiary recovery modes. Various brines were tested including deionized water, shallow-aquifer water, seawater, and as diluted seawater. Also, ions (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42−) were particularly excluded from seawater to determine their individual impact on fluid/rock interactions and hence on oil recovery. Oil recovery, pressure drop across the core, and core-effluent samples were analyzed for each coreflood experiment.
The oil recovery using seawater, as in the secondary recovery mode, was, on the average, 50% of original oil in place (OOIP). A sudden change in the salinity of the injected brine from seawater in the secondary recovery mode to deionized water in the tertiary mode or vice versa had a significant effect on the oil-production performance. A solution of 20% diluted seawater did not reduce the ROS in the tertiary recovery mode after the injection of seawater as a secondary recovery mode for the Indiana limestone reservoir. On the other hand, 50% diluted seawater showed a slight change in the oil production after the injection of seawater and deionized water slugs. The Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42− ions play a key role in oil mobilization in limestone rocks. Changing the ion composition of the injected brine between the different slugs of secondary and tertiary recovery modes showed a measurable increase in the oil production.
Cutting Edge: An Antibody Recognizing Ancestral Endogenous Virus Glycoproteins Mediates Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity on HIV-1–Infected Cells
Authors: Michaud Henri-Alexandre , SenGupta Devi , de Mulder Miguel , Deeks Steven G. , Martin Jeffrey N. , Kobie James J. , Sacha Jonah B. , Nixon Douglas F. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The failure of antiviral vaccines is often associated with rapid viral escape from specific immune responses. In the past, conserved epitope or algorithmic epitope selections, such as mosaic vaccines, have been designed to diversify immunity and to circumvent potential viral escape. An alternative approach is to identify conserved stable non–HIV-1 self-epitopes present exclusively in HIV-1–infected cells. We showed previously that human endogenous retroviral (HERV) mRNA transcripts and protein are found in cells of HIV-1–infected patients and that HERV-K (HML-2)–specific T cells can eliminate HIV-1–infected cells in vitro. In this article, we demonstrate that a human anti–HERV-K (HML-2) transmembrane protein Ab binds specifically to HIV-1–infected cells and eliminates them through an Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity mechanism in vitro. Thus, Abs directed against epitopes other than HIV-1 proteins may have a role in eliminating HIV-1–infected cells and could be targeted in novel vaccine approaches or immunotherapeutic modalities.
Moderate Alcohol Induces Stress Proteins HSF1 and hsp70 and Inhibits Proinflammatory Cytokines Resulting in Endotoxin Tolerance
Authors: Muralidharan Sujatha , Ambade Aditya , Fulham Melissa A. , Deshpande Janhavee , Catalano Donna , Mandrekar Pranoti 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBinge or moderate alcohol exposure impairs host defense and increases susceptibility to infection because of compromised innate immune responses. However, there is a lack of consensus on the molecular mechanism by which alcohol mediates this immunosuppression. In this study, we show that cellular stress proteins HSF1 and hsp70 play a mechanistic role in alcohol-mediated inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88 pathway. Alcohol exposure induced transcription factor HSF1 mRNA expression and DNA binding activity in primary human monocytes and murine macrophages. Furthermore, HSF1 target gene hsp70 mRNA and protein are upregulated by alcohol in monocytes. In vitro pre-exposure to moderate alcohol reduced subsequent LPS-induced NF-κB promoter activity and downstream TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β production in monocytes and macrophages, exhibiting endotoxin tolerance. Mechanistic analysis demonstrates that alcohol-induced HSF1 binds to the TNF-α promoter in macrophages at early time points, exerting transrepression and decreased TNF-α expression. Furthermore, association of hsp70 with NF-κB subunit p50 in alcohol-treated macrophages correlates with reduced NF-κB activation at later time points. Hsp70 overexpression in macrophages was sufficient to block LPS-induced NF-κB promoter activity, suggesting alcohol-mediated immunosuppression by hsp70. The direct crosstalk of hsp70 and HSF1 was further confirmed by the loss of alcohol-mediated endotoxin tolerance in hsp70- and HSF1-silenced macrophages. Our data suggest that alcohol-mediated activation of HSF1 and induction of hsp70 inhibit TLR4-MyD88 signaling and are required for alcohol-induced endotoxin tolerance. Using stress proteins as direct drug targets would be clinically relevant in alcohol abuse treatment and may serve to provide a better understanding of alcohol-mediated immunosuppression.
Enhancement of Adaptive Immunity by the Human Vaccine Adjuvant AS01 Depends on Activated Dendritic Cells
Authors: Didierlaurent Arnaud M. , Collignon Catherine , Bourguignon Patricia , Wouters Sandrine , Fierens Kaat , Fochesato Michel , Dendouga Najoua , Langlet Christelle , Malissen Bernard , Lambrecht Bart N. , Garçon Nathalie , Van Mechelen Marcelle , Morel Sandra 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Adjuvant System AS01 is a liposome-based vaccine adjuvant containing 3-O-desacyl-4′-monophosphoryl lipid A and the saponin QS-21. AS01 has been selected for the clinical development of several candidate vaccines including the RTS,S malaria vaccine and the subunit glycoprotein E varicella zoster vaccine (both currently in phase III). Given the known immunostimulatory properties of MPL and QS-21, the objective of this study was to describe the early immune response parameters after immunization with an AS01-adjuvanted vaccine and to identify relationships with the vaccine-specific adaptive immune response. Cytokine production and innate immune cell recruitment occurred rapidly and transiently at the muscle injection site and draining lymph node postinjection, consistent with the rapid drainage of the vaccine components to the draining lymph node. The induction of Ag-specific Ab and T cell responses was dependent on the Ag being injected at the same time or within 24 h after AS01, suggesting that the early events occurring postinjection were required for these elevated adaptive responses. In the draining lymph node, after 24 h, the numbers of activated and Ag-loaded monocytes and MHCIIhigh dendritic cells were higher after the injection of the AS01-adjuvanted vaccine than after Ag alone. However, only MHCIIhigh dendritic cells appeared efficient at and necessary for direct Ag presentation to T cells. These data suggest that the ability of AS01 to improve adaptive immune responses, as has been demonstrated in clinical trials, is linked to a transient stimulation of the innate immune system leading to the generation of high number of efficient Ag-presenting dendritic cells.
Survival outcome of malignant minor salivary tumors in Pakistani population
Authors: Iqbal Hassan , Bhatti Abu Bakar Hafeez , Hussain Raza , Jamshed Arif 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Objective: Malignant tumors of minor salivary glands (MSG) are rare. Survival outcome in Pakistani population with malignant MSG tumors remains to be defined. The objective of this study was to report the clinical presentation, treatment modalities, and survival outcome of radically treated malignant tumors of MSG in Pakistani population. Materials and Methods: Between April 2003 and March 2011, 45 patients with malignant tumors of MSG were treated at Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital and included in the study. Patient characteristics and treatment modalities were assessed and local, regional, and distant failures determined. Relapse-free (RFS) and overall survival (OS) was calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves, and log-rank test was used to determine significance. Results: Median age was 40 (17-83) years. Male to female ratio was 1.25:1. Most common site was hard palate in 31 (69%) patients. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (51%) was the most common histological diagnosis. Nine patients (20%) underwent surgery as the only treatment modality, six patients received (13%) radiotherapy alone, and 30 patients (67%) had surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Eight patients developed recurrence (four local, two regional, one locoregional, and one distant). The 5-year actuarial overall OS and RFS was 77 and 66%, respectively. Age, T-stage, and treatment modality were significant for RFS, whereas T-stage and treatment modality were significant factors for OS. Conclusion: Surgery as single modality or combined with radiation therapy resulted in acceptable survival in Pakistani population with malignant minor salivary tumors.
Nietzsche, Drives, Selves, and Leonard Bernstein: A Reply to Christopher Janaway and Robert Pippin
Authors: Nehamas Alexander 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACT
In response to criticisms advanced by Christopher Janaway and Robert Pippin, I offer a rudimentary account of Nietzsche's “drives.” They are not mysterious: they stand for the different sets of motives, often in conflict, with which we are all faced. The strongest among them speak with the voice of the subject and try to get the rest to follow their lead. Such “subjugation,” whether within one or between different persons (“the will to power”), often results not in the other's destruction but in its improvement. Moreover, no drives are immune to change. Nietzsche likens their unification, which results in one's becoming an “individual,” to the unity of works of art. Aesthetic values being essentially social, unification depends not just on its agent but also on its reception by an audience. I end by arguing that “the eternal recurrence” forbids our imagining that our life could ever have been different in any significant respect.
Qualitative Identification of Permitted and Non-permitted Color Additives in Cosmetics
Authors: Miranda-Bermudez Enio , Harp Bhakti Petigara , Barrows Julie N 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Color additives are dyes, pigments, or other substances that can impart color when added or applied to foods, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, or the human body. These substances must be pre-approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and listed in the Code of Federal Regulations before they may be used in FDA-regulated products. Both domestic and imported cosmetic products sold in interstate commerce fall under FDA jurisdiction, and FDA's district laboratories use a combination of analytical methods for identifying or confirming the presence of potentially violative color additives. We have developed a qualitative method for identifying 29 water- and methanol-soluble color additives in various types of cosmetic products. The color additives are extracted with combinations of methylene chloride, methanol, acetic acid, and water and are identified by LC with photodiode array detection. Estimated LOD values ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 mg/L. A survey of lip products, nail polishes, eye products, blushes, body glitter, face paints, bath products, creams, and toothpastes identified permitted and non-permitted color additives. Our new LC method is intended to supplement the visible spectrophotometry and TLC methods currently used by FDA's district laboratories and will help optimize the use of time, labor, and solvents.
Où (en) est (l’étude de) la musique (au cinéma ?) du film ?
Authors: Cardinal Serge 
Published: July 2014

Où est la musique du film ? Cette question devrait permettre de cartographier le territoire de notre expérience cinématographique de la musique. Nous partirons d’une séquence tirée du film Mauvais sang, de Leos Carax (1986). Cette séquence fait de la musique l’objet même du dialogue, elle se sert de la diffusion radiophonique de deux chansons pour configurer l’espace filmique, et elle laisse leur rythme entraîner le corps des personnages. Ce faisant, cette séquence se soumet tout entier à une phénoménologie et à une logique expressive de la musique : transparences et reflets, couleurs et formes, chorégraphie de la figure humaine et rythme du montage, etc., tout cela est articulé ou animé par la mobilisation musicale. Par conséquent, la mise en scène dégage un espace pour le spectateur, le théoricien du cinéma et le musicologue ; cet espace en est un de rencontres entre tous les matériaux d’un film. C’est un espace à partir duquel faire l’expérience d’une oeuvre musicale, du musical et de la musicalité au cinéma. C’est cet espace qu’il faut aussi chercher à rejoindre si l’on veut répondre à la question : Où est la musique du film ?