bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical implications of predominant polarity and the polarity index in bipolar disorder: a naturalistic study
Authors: Popovic D. , Torrent C. , Goikolea J. M. , Cruz N. , Sánchez‐Moreno J. , González‐Pinto A. , Vieta E. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivePredominant polarity (PP) is an important variable in maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder (BD). This study aimed at determining the role of polarity index (PI), a metric indicating antimanic versus antidepressive prophylactic potential of drugs, in clinical decision‐making.MethodTwo hundred and fifty‐seven of 604 (43%) of patients with BD‐I or II fulfilled criteria for manic (MPP) or depressive PP (DPP). The PI, representing the ratio of number needed to treat (NNT) for depression prevention to NNT for mania prevention, was calculated for patients' current treatment. MPP and DPP groups were compared regarding sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐three patients (55.6%) fulfilled criteria for DPP and 114 (44.4%) for MPP. Total PI, Antipsychotics' PI, and mood stabilizers PI were higher, indicating a stronger antimanic action, in MPP. MPP presented higher prevalence of BD‐I, male gender, younger age, age at onset and at first hospitalization, more hospitalizations, primary substance misuse, and psychotic symptoms. DP correlated with BD‐II, depressive onset, primary life events, melancholia, and suicide attempts.ConclusionThe results confirm the usefulness of the PI. In this large sample, clinical differences among these groups justify differential treatment approach. The PI appears to be a useful operationalization of what clinicians do for maintenance therapy in BD.
Nutrition and older Indigenous Australians: Service delivery implications in remote communities. A narrative review
Authors: Schouten Kellie , Lindeman Melissa A , Reid John (Binda) 
Published: July 2013

ObjectiveTo describe the nutritional status of older Indigenous people, barriers to achieving optimal nutrition, and the effectiveness of programs aimed at improving nutrition in older Indigenous people in remote communities.MethodsA comprehensive literature review was undertaken utilising electronic databases Scopus, CINAHL, Informit, Ovid MEDLINE, ProQuest, Web of Knowledge, PsycINFO, ATSI HealthInfoNet and Google Scholar. Grey literature was also accessed.ResultsFindings indicated there is a scarcity of representative data on nutritional status and risk in older Indigenous people, and nutrition support programs have not been evaluated.ConclusionsOlder Indigenous people suffer from poorer overall health and higher levels of overweight and obesity, and are at increased risk of poor nutritional status and malnutrition than the general population. This risk may be higher in remote areas. More representative data are needed to determine the nutritional status of older Indigenous people, including levels of malnutrition. Support programs also need to be evaluated.
The Gene Expression Analysis of Paracrine/Autocrine Factors in Patients with Spermatogenetic Failure Compared with Normal Spermatogenesis
Authors: Malcher Agnieszka , Rozwadowska Natalia , Stokowy Tomasz , Jedrzejczak Piotr , Zietkowiak Wojmir , Kurpisz Maciej 
Published: July 2013

ProblemThe aim of this study was to examine the expression levels of IL‐1 family members, IL‐6, IL‐10, TNF family, SCF, and c‐kit in infertile patients with idiopathic non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA) compared with men with normal spermatogenesis.Method of studyWe analyzed 20 testicular biopsy samples with Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST microarrays (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Sixteen of them were obtained from patients with various types of NOA and four with normal spermatogenesis.ResultsThe comparative analysis of normal and pathological group demonstrated a different expression level of IL1‐RA gene. It was also observed that the gene expression levels for IL1‐R1, CASP1, and stem cell factor (SCF) were upregulated in the Sertoli‐cell‐only syndrome group in comparison with the control one (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe microarray analysis showed the expression level of all investigated paracrine/autocrine factors at one go, and therefore, the possible interaction between these genes could be examined.
Lumbar artificial intervertebral disc replacement: a systematic review
Authors: Thavaneswaran Prema , Vandepeer Meegan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundLow back pain represents a significant disease burden in Australia. Lumbar artificial intervertebral disc replacement (AIDR) has emerged as an alternative surgical option to lumbar fusion for patients suffering from axial low back pain as a result of degenerative disc disease.ObjectivesThe aim of this review was to assess the safety and effectiveness of lumbar AIDR for patients suffering from significant axial back pain and/or radicular (nerve root) pain, secondary to disc degeneration or prolapse, who have failed non‐operative treatment.MethodsA systematic search of several electronic databases was conducted between January 2005 and April 2012 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials and non‐randomized comparative studies. Inclusion of studies was established through the application of a predetermined protocol by two independent reviewers.ResultsSix randomized controlled trials (comprising nine studies) and one non‐randomized comparative study comparing lumbar AIDR with lumbar fusion were included in this review. For the majority of adverse events reported, there were no obvious differences in incidence rates between the two treatment groups, and serious adverse events were rare in both groups. Following lumbar AIDR, effectiveness outcomes including Oswestry Disability Index scores, procedural success rates, pain scores, narcotic medication use and patient satisfaction were generally significantly better than, or equivalent to, outcomes achieved following lumbar fusion.ConclusionsIn the short to medium term, the safety and effectiveness of lumbar AIDR appears to be comparable to that of lumbar fusion.
Management of placenta accreta
Authors: Sentilhes Loïc , Goffinet François , Kayem Gilles 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCesarean hysterectomy is considered the reference standard treatment for placenta accreta. In young women who want the option of future pregnancy and agree to close follow‐up monitoring, conservative treatment is a valid option. Several key points of both cesarean hysterectomy and conservative treatment remain debatable, such as timing of delivery, attempted removal of the placenta, use of temporal internal iliac occlusion balloon catheters, ureteral stents, prophylactic embolization, and methotrexate. In cases of placenta percreta with bladder involvement, conservative treatment may be the optimal management. Regardless of the chosen option, the woman and her partner should be warned of the high risk of maternal complications related to an abnormally invasive placenta.
The Dynamic Observation of Plasma Concentration of Antimicrobial Agents During Balanced Ultrafiltration In Vitro
Authors: Fang Yinghui , Guan Yulong , Wan Caihong , Fu Zhida , Jiang Juanjuan , Wu Chunfu , Zhao Ju , Sun Peng , Long Cun 
Published: July 2013

AbstractRoutine perioperative intravenous antimicrobial agents are administered as surgical prophylaxis. However, whether balanced ultrafiltration during extracorporeal circulation has substantial effect on the concentration of antimicrobial agents remains unclear. The concentrations of antimicrobial agents in plasma and ultrafiltrate samples were measured in this pseudo‐extracorporeal circulation model. Extracorporeal circulation consisted of cardiotomy reservoir, membrane oxygenator, and pediatric arterial line filter. A hemoconcentrator was placed between the arterial purge line and oxygenator venous reservoir. Fresh donor human whole blood was added into the circuit and mixed with Ringer's solution to obtain a final hematocrit of 24–28%. Two kinds of antimicrobial agents, cefotiam (320 mg) and cefmetazole (160 mg), were bolus added into the circuit. After 30 min of extracorporeal circulation, zero‐balanced ultrafiltration was initiated and arterial line pressure was maintained at approximately 100 mm Hg with a Hoffman clamp. The rate of ultrafiltration (12 mL/min) was controlled by ultrafiltrate outlet pressure. An identical volume of Plasmalyte A was dripped into the circuit to maintain stable hematocrit during 45 min of experiment. Plasma and ultrafiltrate samples were drawn every 5 min, and concentrations of antimicrobial agents (including cefotiam and cefmetazole) were measured with high performance liquid chromatography. Both antimicrobial agents were detected in ultrafiltrate, demonstrating hemoconcentration may remove antimicrobial agents. The concentrations of plasma antimicrobial agents decreased linearly with the increase of ultrafiltrate volume. At end of balanced ultrafiltration, the concentration of plasma cefotiam was 104.96 ± 44.36 mg/L, which is about 44.38% ± 7.42% of the initial concentration (238.95 ± 101.12 mg/L) (P < 0.001); the concentration of plasma cefmetazole decreased linearly to 25.76 ± 14.78 mg/L, which is about 49.69% ± 10.49% of the initial concentration (51.49 ± 28.03 mg/L) (P < 0.001). The total amount of cefotiam in ultrafiltrate is 27.16% ± 12.17% of the total dose administered, whereas cefmetazole in ultrafiltrate is 7.74% ± 4.17%. Balanced ultrafiltration may remove antimicrobial agents from plasma and has a prominent influence on plasma concentration of antimicrobial agent. The strategy of surgical prophylaxis should consider this unique technique during extracorporeal circulation.
Bioengineered Cartilage in a Scaffold‐Free Method by Human Cartilage‐Derived Progenitor Cells: A Comparison With Human Adipose‐Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Baptista Leandra S. , Silva Karina R. , Pedrosa Carolina S.G. , Amaral Ronaldo J.F.C. , Belizário João Vitor , Borojevic Radovan , Granjeiro José Mauro 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe objective of our study was to investigate chondrogenesis potential of human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), using as a positive control a human source of cartilage‐derived progenitor cells (PCs). This source of PCs was recently described by our group and dwells on the surface of nasoseptal cartilage. Histological analysis using Safranin O staining and immunofluorescence for actin filaments and collagen type II was performed on three‐dimensional (3D) pellet cultures. Cartilage PCs and adipose MSCs showed similarities in monolayer culture related to cell morphology and proliferation. Our 3D pellet cultures substantially reduced the actin stress and after 21 days under chondrogenic medium, we observed an increase in the pellet diameter for cartilage PCs (7.4%) and adipose MSCs (21.2%). Adipose‐derived MSCs responded to chondrogenic stimulus, as seen by positive areas for collagen type II, but they were not able to recreate a mature extracellular matrix. Using semi‐quantitative analysis, we observed a majority of Safranin O areas rising from blue (no stain) to orange (moderate staining) and no changes in fibroblastic morphology (P < 0.0001). For cartilage PCs, chondrogenic induction is responsible for morphological changes and a high percentage of matrix area/number of cells (P ≤ 0.0001), evaluated by computerized histomorphometry. Morphological analyses reveal that adipose‐derived MSCs were not able to recreate a bioengineered cartilage. The cost of culture was reduced, as the cartilage PCs under growth‐factor free medium exhibit a high score for cartilage formation compared with the induced adipose mesenchymal stromal cells (P = 0.0021). Using a pellet 3D culture, our cartilage PCs were able to produce a cartilage tissue in vitro, leading to the future development of bioengineered products.
Increased Carbon Monoxide Production by Hemeoxygenase‐1 Caused by Device‐Mediated Hemolysis: Thrombotic Phantom Menace?
Authors: Nielsen Vance G. , Pearson Ellen C. , Smith M. Cristina 
Published: July 2013

AbstractReplacement of key components of the circulatory system with artificial devices has become the mainstay of therapy for conditions such as end‐stage valvular disease or congestive heart failure. Unfortunately, device thrombosis and thromboembolic morbidity persist despite optimized anticoagulation. This work reviews the commonly known causes of device‐associated thrombophilia, introduces recent literature concerning the effect of carbon monoxide on coagulation, and presents new patient data linking endogenously produced carbon monoxide with device‐associated thrombosis. A new paradigm involving the interaction of red blood cell lysis–induced upregulation of hemoxygenase‐1, increased endogenous carbon monoxide, hyperfibrinogenemia, and contact protein/microparticle‐induced thrombin generation is presented.
Hyperoxic Condition Promotes an Inflammatory Response During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in a Rat Model
Authors: Fujii Yutaka , Shirai Mikiyasu , Tsuchimochi Hirotsugu , Pearson James T. , Takewa Yoshiaki , Tatsumi Eisuke , Taenaka Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2013

AbstractSystemic inflammatory responses in patients receiving cardiac surgery supported by cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) significantly contribute to CPB‐associated morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that hyperoxia insufflation aggravates the inflammatory responses and organ damage during CPB. To verify this hypothesis, we investigated the inflammatory responses at high and normal levels of arterial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in the rat CPB model. Rats were divided into a SHAM group, a hyperoxia CPB group (PaO2 > 400 mm Hg), and a normoxia CPB group (PaO2: 100–150 mm Hg). We measured the serum cytokine levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin (IL)‐6, and IL‐10, and biochemical markers (lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) before, 60, and 120 min after the initiation of CPB. We also measured the wet‐to‐dry weight (W/D) ratio of the left lung and performed dihydroethidium (DHE) stain reflecting superoxide generation in the lung and liver tissues 120 min after the CPB initiation. In the hyperoxia group, the pro‐inflammatory cytokines and biochemical markers significantly increased during the CPB compared with the SHAM, but such increases were significantly suppressed in the normoxia group. However, the increase in anti‐inflammatory cytokines was more suppressed in the hyperoxia group than in the normoxia group. The W/D ratio increased significantly more in the hyperoxia group than in the normoxia group. In addition, the DHE fluorescence predominantly increased in the hyperoxia group compared with that in the normoxia group. These data suggest that it is better to avoid too much oxygen insufflation for attenuating organ damage associated with the superoxide production and inflammatory responses during CPB.
Effects of Double Filtration Plasmapheresis on Nocturnal Respiratory Function in Myasthenic Patients
Authors: Yeh Jiann‐Horng , Lin Chia‐Mo , Chen Wei‐Hung , Chiu Hou‐Chang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAssessment of respiratory function using combined oximetry‐cutaneous capnography has never been evaluated in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). We investigated the effects of double filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) on respiratory status in 18 MG patients. Results of combined oximetry and transcutaneous capnography, MG scores, and acetylcholine receptor antibody titers before and after DFPP treatment were compared. The respiratory monitoring was performed at three time periods (morning, afternoon, and sleep). Mean MG score was markedly lower after DFPP treatment (5.7) than before treatment (7.9). Before DFPP, the minimum pulse oximetric saturation (SpO2) level obtained during the night session was significantly lower (P = 0.0513 and P = 0.0199) than the levels obtained during the two daytime sessions. A similar phenomenon was noted for maximum transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (PtcCO2). After DFPP treatment, the maximum and mean PtcCO2 levels were significantly higher (P = 0.0056) in the morning than in the afternoon. Of all the respiratory function parameters measured, only minimum SpO2 levels obtained during morning sessions before DFP treatment differed significantly from those obtained after DFPP treatment (P = 0.0322). Overall, however, minimum SpO2 levels as well as mean and maximum PtcCO2 levels improved significantly during sleep after DFPP. In conclusion, we found that respiratory function abnormalities were common in myasthenic patients without clinical respiratory symptoms. DFPP treatment resulted in minimal improvement of respiratory parameters.
TonicGABAinhibition in hippocampal dentate granule cells: its regulation and function in temporal lobe epilepsies
Authors: Li Z.‐X. , Yu H.‐M. , Jiang K.‐W. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBoth human and experimental evidence strongly supports the view of brain region‐ and cell‐specific changes in tonicGABAinhibition in temporal lobe epilepsies (TLE). This ‘tonic’ form of signalling is not time‐locked to presynaptic action potentials, which depends upon detection of ambientGABAby extrasynapticGABAAreceptors (GABAARs). ExtrasynapticGABAARs have distinct physiological and pharmacological features, including highGABA‐binding affinity and low desensitization and a variety of the specific subunit combinations (α4δ‐,α6δ‐,α5γ‐,ε‐containing receptors). These features closely contribute to the function of tonicGABAcurrent, which is preserved properly or increased in dentate gyrus in models ofTLE, even in the face of a loss of synaptic inhibition and inhibitory interneurones. Markedly reduced tonicGABAinhibition may facilitate an episode of epilepsy, while persistent elevated tonic inhibition may contribute to the onset of spontaneous recurrent seizures. In dentate granule cells, tonicGABAinhibition is positively modulated by endogenous neurosteroids and other factors, which undergo changes related to hormonal status afterTLE. Tonic inhibition regulates neuronal excitability through its effects on membrane potential by both offsetting the threshold and reducing the frequency of action potentials and input resistance. Therefore, extrasynapticGABAARs are expected to be the most important pharmacological targets inTLE. It is likely that both elevate the ambientGABAconcentration and potentiate the tonic currents, contributing to the antiepileptic effects.
Growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition and CLA concentrations of lambs fed diets supplemented with different oil sources
Authors: Badee Ghlailat , Hidaka Satoshi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractQuality food for human consumption will always be the aim for animal producers. Quantity and composition of fat deposits (fatty acid profile) strongly influences meat quality in ruminants, especially via increasing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration, which is known to have beneficial anticarcinogenic, antiatherogenic, antidiabetic and cholesterol reduction properties for human health. Awassi lambs are one of the main and most consumed meat sources in the Middle East area; however, studies addressing the fat content of CLA and methods to enhance its concentrations in this breed are still rare. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding two different oil sources (soybean oil (SBO) and sunflower oil (SFO) at two levels (1.8 and 3%)) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and fatty acid profile of fat in Awassi lambs. Oil supplementation had no effect on growth performance or carcass characteristics, while fatty acid composition changed according to the site of extraction. CLA concentrations were increased in the tail fat deposit, with 1.8% SBO and in intermuscular fat deposit with 3% SFO. Intermuscular fat is the one most naturally consumed by humans, serving to improve food quality.
Complete sequence analysis of two cryptic plasmids from Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense JCM 15439 (type strain) isolated from healthy infant feces
Authors: Takahata Muneaki , Toh Hidehiro , Nakano Akiyo , Takagi Misako , Murakami Masaru , Ishii Yasuo , Takizawa Tatsuya , Tanabe Soichi , Morita Hidetoshi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBifidobacterial plasmids reported so far are derived from a limited number of strains and plasmids of bifidobacterial type strains isolated from humans are unknown. We found that Bifidobacterium kashiwanohense JCM 15439 (type strain) isolated from a healthy infant contained two cryptic plasmids, designated pBBKW‐1 and pBBKW‐2. We determined and analyzed the complete sequences of both plasmids. pBBKW‐1 (7716 bp) was predicted to replicate by a rolling‐circle mechanism and encode six protein‐coding genes, two of which are putative replication proteins. pBBKW‐1 seems to be a cointegrate plasmid containing two copies of the plasmid pMG1 from Bifidobacterium longum. pBBKW‐2 (2920 bp) was predicted to encode six protein‐coding genes and be a theta‐type replicating plasmid, which has been reported to be more stable than a rolling circle‐type replicating plasmid frequently found in bifidobacteria. Our finding will provide new insights into safe recombinant plasmid constructions for humans.
Effects of dietary combination of corn and rice as whole crop silage and grain sources on carbohydrate digestion and nitrogen use in steers
Authors: Li Zongfu , Sugino Toshihisa , Obitsu Taketo , Taniguchi Kohzo 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFour Holstein steers were used to evaluate the combination effects of whole crop corn (Cs) or rice (Rs) silage with steam‐flaked corn (Cg) or rice (Rg) grain (four dietary treatments) on ruminal carbohydrate digestion, duodenal nitrogen (N) flow and plasma essential amino acid (EAA) concentration. The ruminal digestibility of starch and nonfiber carbohydrate (NFC) for Rs and Rg diets compared with Cs and Cg diets was greater, but that of neutral detergent fiber (aNDFom) was less. Because the ruminal disappearance of NFC plus aNDFom was similar across four dietary treatments, microbial N flow was not affected by the diets. There was an interaction of methionine (Met) flow by silage and grain sources: greatest for CsRg and least for RsRg diet, and blood plasma concentration of Met after feeding was lower for Rg than Cg diets. Postprandial reduction degree of plasma EAA varied with the diets and individual EAA. The Cs diets compared with the Rs diets tended to be greater in N retention because of greater digestible organic matter (OM) intake. These results suggest that silage source combined with corn or rice grain affects N use in steers through the digestible OM intake, and the kinds of limiting AA may differ among the combination of silage and grain sources.
The embryonic development of the Egyptian cobra Naja h. haje (Squamata: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Authors: Khannoon Eraqi R. , Evans Susan E. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe Egyptian cobra, Naja h. haje, is the largest of the African cobras and is a member of a successful and medically important species complex found throughout Africa, north and south of the Sahara, as well as across the Arabian Peninsula to Oman. Although its phylogenetic position and venom characteristics have been well studied, its development has not. Here, we present a normal staging table for N. h. haje, based on external features. Comparison with firstly the Asian monocled cobra, Naja kaouthia, and then with the small number of other oviparous snake species, allowed us to examine whether differences between two species in the same genus were of the same type and magnitude as those between unrelated genera. In fact, at least with respect to external features, we found a similar level of disparity. N. h. haje embryos lagged behind those of N. kaouthia in body and head scale development, size in ovo and hatchling length, despite having a slightly shorter incubation period and a somewhat larger adult size. Some of these differences may have been the result of differing incubation temperatures. Nonetheless, there does appear to be a broadly conserved pattern of in ovo development in at least macrostomatan snakes.