bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Afro-Colombians and the Cosmopolitan City
Authors: Williams Castro Fatimah 
Published: December 2012

Since 2005, Colombian tourism and economic development sectors have spearheaded an intensive image-building campaign called “Colombia Is Passion.” This campaign brands and markets Bogotá as a cosmopolitan city “as diverse as the country.” However, urban practices of racial exclusion contradict this image. The experience of six black young people who were barred from entering nightclubs in Bogotá’s Zona Rosa serves as an example of the limited access of racialized people to the cosmopolitan city and, by extension, to the state’s multicultural ideals. It also highlights the reinforcement of racial hierarchies by white elites’ locating racism outside their immediate social worlds. Desde el 2005, el turismo colombiano y sectores de desarrollo económico han encabezado una campaña de construcción de imagen intensiva llamada “Colombia es pasión.” Esta campaña marca y comercializa a la ciudad de Bogotá como una ciudad cosmopolita “tan diversa como el país.” Sin embargo las practicas urbanas de exclusión racial contradicen esta imagen. La experiencia de seis jóvenes negros a quienes se les negó entrada en los clubes nocturnos de la Zona Rosa de Bogotá sirve como ejemplo del acceso limitado que se les otorga a la gente racializada en la ciudad cosmopolita, y, por extensión, a los ideales multiculturales del estado. También sale en relieve el refuerzo de jerarquías raciales localizadas fuera de su mundo social inmediato de parte de las elites blancas.
In vitro clearance of intravenous acetaminophen in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Gillogly A , Kilbourn C , Waldvogel J , Martin J , Annich G , Wagner D 
Published: December 2012

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life support system used as a bridge to transplantation in critically ill patients who suffer from acute respiratory or cardiac failure with resultant hypoxemia and tissue hypoxia. This is not amendable to conventional support intervention. Previous studies have shown significant drug losses in the components of an ECMO circuit, leading to decreased plasma drug levels. An in vitro study was conducted to determine: (1) changes in intravenous acetaminophen levels over time and (2) changes in concentration observed between different sites of the ECMO circuit. A single bolus dose of intravenous (IV) acetaminophen was injected into a standard blood-primed ECMO circuit. Plasma drug concentrations in the circuit were then measured at specific time points at three different locations to determine concentrations of the drug at time 0, 15, 30, 60, 240 and 360 minutes. The three samples were drawn pre- and post-membrane oxygenator and the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing. A second bolus dose was administered 24 hours after the first in order to compare “new” and “old” circuits. This entire process was repeated a total of three times. The results show that acetaminophen concentrations do not change significantly over time, with consistent levels seen in both new and old circuits (N=9). Average old circuit concentrations were approximately two times greater than the average new circuit concentrations after the circuit was re-dosed at 24 hours. Drug sequestration in the circuit was not significant in any of the three sites measured. It appears that, while acetaminophen levels remain relatively constant over a six hour period, dosing adjustments may be required for use in a circuit beyond the initial 24 hour period, depending on physiologic clearance of the drug. Assuming a six-hour dosing interval, levels should remain constant.
A new phosphorylcholine-coated polymethylpentene oxygenator for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a preliminary experience
Authors: Pieri M , Turla OG , Calabrò MG , Ruggeri L , Agracheva N , Zangrillo A , Pappalardo F 
Published: December 2012

Phosphorylcholine coating has a major role in the improvement of biocompatibility, durability and antihrombogenicity of the circuit for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Moreover, if heparin-induced thrombocytopenia ensues, removal of all the sources of heparin is challenging if the circuit is coated with heparin. We report our preliminary experience with the new EUROSETS A.L.ONE ECMO oxygenator (Eurosets, Medolla, MO, Italy), which is aimed at providing better biocompatibility thanks to its full coating with phosphorylcholine. We retrospectively collected data on the 16 patients supported with ECMO and with the EUROSETS A.L.ONE ECMO oxygenator at San Raffaele Hospital. Mean ECMO duration was 6 ± 4 days, and 37.5% of the patients died on ECMO. Four episodes of major bleeding and three episodes of minor bleeding were recorded. The oxygenator had an excellent performance in gas exchange and the median pressure drop was 57 (26-85) mmHg at full blood flow (2.5 L/m2/min). The EUROSETS A.L.ONE ECMO oxygenator was an excellent device in our preliminary experience. Further evaluation on a larger sample is encouraged.
Comparisons of disability, quality of life, and resource use between chronic and episodic migraineurs: A clinic-based study in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Shuu-Jiun , Wang Po-Jen , Fuh Jong-Ling , Peng Kuan-Po , Ng Kwong 
Published: December 2012

Background The International Burden of Migraine Study (IBMS) showed chronic migraine (CM) was associated with a higher disease burden than episodic migraine (EM). However, in this study Asians with CM were underrepresented. Objectives We investigated if CM and EM differed in headache-related disability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and health care resource utilization in Taiwan. Methods This study recruited patients with EM and CM from two headache clinics in Taiwan. Diagnosis was made by physicians based on Silberstein-Lipton criteria. Participants completed a questionnaire including sociodemographics, Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), EuroQol five-dimensions (EQ-5D), Migraine-Specific Quality of Life v2.1 (MSQ), Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), productivity and health care resource utilization. Results A total of 331 patients (EM, n = 164 (49.5%); CM, n = 167 (50.5%)) completed the study. CM patients reported a significantly higher MIDAS score, lower generic (EQ-5D visual analogue scale score and EQ-5D index score) and migraine-specific (all three domains of MSQ) HRQoL, higher levels of anxiety and depression (PHQ-4 ≥ 6) and greater health care resource utilization and productivity loss than those with EM. Positive correlations were found between these instruments and levels of anxiety and depression. Conclusion Compared to EM, CM was significantly associated with higher disability, lower HRQoL and greater health care resource utilization and productivity loss.
Platelet-Rich Fibrin Matrix in the Management of Arthroscopic Repair of the Rotator Cuff
Authors: Weber Stephen C. , Kauffman Jeffrey I. , Parise Carol , Weber Sophia J. , Katz Stephen D. 
Published: December 2012

Background: Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair has a high rate of patient satisfaction. However, multiple studies have shown significant rates of anatomic failure. Biological augmentation would seem to be a reasonable technique to improve clinical outcomes and healing rates. Purpose: To represent a prospective, double-blinded, randomized study to assess the use of platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM) in rotator cuff surgery. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Prestudy power analysis demonstrated that a sample size of 30 patients in each group (PRFM vs control) would allow recognition of a 20% difference in perioperative pain scores. Sixty consecutive patients were randomized to either receive a commercially available PRFM product or not. Preoperative and postoperative range of motion (ROM), University of California–Los Angeles (UCLA), and Simple Shoulder Test (SST) scores were recorded. Surgery was performed using an arthroscopic single-row technique. Visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were obtained upon arrival to the recovery room and 1 hour postoperatively, and narcotic consumption was recorded and converted to standard narcotic equivalents. The SST and ROM measurements were taken at 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks postoperatively, and final (1 year) American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder and UCLA shoulder scores were assessed. Results: There were no complications. Randomization created comparable groups except that the PRFM group was younger than the control group (mean ± SD, 59.67 ± 8.16 y vs 64.50 ± 8.59 y, respectively; P < .05). Mean surgery time was longer for the PRFM group than for the control group (83.28 ± 17.13 min vs 73.28 ± 17.18 min, respectively; P < .02). There was no significant difference in VAS scores or narcotic use between groups and no statistically significant differences in recovery of motion, SST, or ASES scores. Mean ASES scores were 82.48 ± 8.77 (PRFM group) and 82.52 ± 12.45 (controls) (F1,56 = 0.00, P > .98). Mean UCLA shoulder scores were 27.94 ± 4.98 for the PRFM group versus 29.59 ± 1.68 for the controls ( P < .046). Structural results correlated with age and size of the tear and did not differ between the groups. Conclusion: Platelet-rich fibrin matrix was not shown to significantly improve perioperative morbidity, clinical outcomes, or structural integrity. While longer term follow-up or different platelet-rich plasma formulations may show differences, early follow-up does not show significant improvement in perioperative morbidity, structural integrity, or clinical outcome.
Conflict management styles used by nurses in Jordan
Authors: Al-Hamdan Zaid , Norrie Peter , Anthony Denis 
Published: December 2012

Aim: This paper is a report of a study of conflict management styles used by nurses in Jordan. Background: There are five main styles used to deal with conflict. At present research into their utilisation is dominated by reports from Western countries. This research is the second to investigate their use by nurses in an Arab country and it illustrates similarities with the earlier work, allowing an initial profile to be constructed which may be applicable to the larger Arab world of healthcare. Methods: Cross-sectional quantitative survey of nurses in Jordan using the Rahim Organisation Conflict Inventory (ROCI II) questionnaire. Results/Findings: The nurses were most likely to prefer an integrating style of conflict management, followed in rank order by compromising, obliging, dominating and avoiding. Conclusion: A tentative model of the styles which nurses in Arab countries prefer to manage conflict is proposed, which suggests that they are likely to provide stable workplaces.
Recombinant CD95-Fc (APG101) prevents graft-versus-host disease in mice without disabling antitumor cytotoxicity and T-cell functions
Authors: Hartmann Natalie , Messmann Joanna J. , Leithäuser Frank , Weiswange Maxi , Kluge Michael , Fricke Harald , Debatin Klaus-Michael , Strauss Gudrun 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGraft-versus-host disease (GVHD) induced by transplant-derived T cells represents a major complication after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). However, these T cells support engraftment, early T-cell immunity, and mediate the graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect. Cytotoxic effector functions by transplanted T cells are predominantly mediated by the perforin/granzyme and the CD95/CD95L system. APG101, a novel recombinant human fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domain of CD95 and the Fc domain of an IgG1 antibody inhibited CD95L-induced apoptosis without interfering with T-cell function in vitro and was therefore tested for its ability to prevent GVHD in murine BMT models across minor or major histocompatibility barriers. Starting APG101 treatment either 1 day before or 6 days after transplantation effectively reduced clinical GVHD and rescued survival between 60% and 100% if GVHD was CD95L mediated. APG101 did not interfere with the GVT effect, because P815 mastocytoma and most importantly primary Bcr-Abl–transformed B-cell leukemias were completely eradicated by the alloantigen-specific T cells. Phenotype and homing of alloantigen-specific T cells or their perforin/granzyme-mediated cytotoxicity and proliferative capacity were not affected by APG101 treatment suggesting that APG101 therapy might be useful in GVHD prophylaxis without impairing T-cell function and most importantly preserving GVT activity.
Incidence and prevalence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: review of the literature
Authors: Nalysnyk Luba , Cid-Ruzafa Javier , Rotella Philip , Esser Dirk 
Published: December 2012

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrosing interstitial pneumonia of unknown aetiology. It is a rare disease, and its incidence and prevalence are not clear. Therefore, we sought to review the published evidence on the global epidemiology of IPF.A comprehensive review of English language literature was performed by searching Medline and EMBASE for studies on IPF epidemiology published between January 1990 and August 2011. Studies providing quantitative data on IPF incidence and/or prevalence were identified and key data collected.15 studies reporting on the incidence and/or prevalence of IPF were identified and summarised. IPF prevalence estimates in the USA varied between 14 and 27.9 cases per 100,000 population using narrow case definitions, and 42.7 and 63 per 100,000 population using broad case definitions. In Europe, IPF prevalence ranged from 1.25 to 23.4 cases per 100,000 population. The annual incidence of IPF in the USA was estimated at 6.8–8.8 per 100,000 population using narrow case definitions and 16.3–17.4 per 100,000 population using broad case definitions. In Europe, the annual incidence ranged between 0.22 and 7.4 per 100,000 population. IPF prevalence and incidence increase with age, are higher among males and appear to be on the increase in recent years.IPF is an orphan disease that affects a potentially increasing number of people in Europe and the USA. The observed variability in IPF incidence and prevalence may be explained by the differences in diagnostic criteria used, case definition, study population and study design.
Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Vachiéry Jean-Luc , Gaine Sean 
Published: December 2012

Advances in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have resulted in significant improvements in outcomes for patients with this devastating and progressive disease. However, because of the non-specific nature of its symptoms, and the low level of suspicion among clinicians, prompt and accurate diagnosis of PAH as a rare disease remains a challenge. This article explains some of the issues that need to be addressed when faced with a patient with suspected PAH and describes how noninvasive and invasive techniques can be used effectively to ensure an accurate diagnosis.The availability of PAH-specific therapy means that once diagnosed, patients have a much greater chance of survival than they would have had in the past. However, despite improved survival, mortality is still high and, therefore, there is still room for improvement. It is currently recommended that patients with an inadequate clinical response to treatment receive sequential combination therapy; however, supportive data are still scarce. Although there is no clear explanation, these findings may be explained by the design and end-points chosen in clinical trials, the changing population of PAH and a need to improve the management strategy in this disease. Indeed, there is a clear need for randomised controlled studies that investigate whether adopting individualised treatment strategies, including upfront combination therapy, could help to optimise long-term management of patients with PAH.
Multiple-platform data integration method with application to combined analysis of microarray and proteomic data
Authors: Wu Shicheng , Xu Yawen , Feng Zeny , Yang Xiaojian , Wang Xiaogang , Gao Xin 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
It is desirable in genomic studies to select biomarkers that differentiate between normal and diseased populations based on related data sets from different platforms, including microarray expression and proteomic data. Most recently developed integration methods focus on correlation analyses between gene and protein expression profiles. The correlation methods select biomarkers with concordant behavior across two platforms but do not directly select differentially expressed biomarkers. Other integration methods have been proposed to combine statistical evidence in terms of ranks and p-values, but they do not account for the dependency relationships among the data across platforms.

Results
In this paper, we propose an integration method to perform hypothesis testing and biomarkers selection based on multi-platform data sets observed from normal and diseased populations. The types of test statistics can vary across the platforms and their marginal distributions can be different. The observed test statistics are aggregated across different data platforms in a weighted scheme, where the weights take into account different variabilities possessed by test statistics. The overall decision is based on the empirical distribution of the aggregated statistic obtained through random permutations.

Conclusion
In both simulation studies and real biological data analyses, our proposed method of multi-platform integration has better control over false discovery rates and higher positive selection rates than the uncombined method. The proposed method is also shown to be more powerful than rank aggregation method.
Differential proteomics analysis of the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture intervention in the hippocampus following neuropathic pain in rats
Authors: Gao Yong-Hui , Chen Shu-Ping , Wang Jun-Ying , Qiao Li-Na , Meng Fan-Ying , Xu Qiu-Ling , Liu Jun-Ling 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
Evidence is building steadily on the effectiveness of acupuncture therapy in pain relief and repeated acupuncture-induced pain relief is accompanied by improvement of hippocampal neural synaptic plasticity. To further test the cellular and molecular changes underlying analgesic effect of acupuncture, the global change of acupuncture associated protein profiles in the hippocampus under neuropathic pain condition was profiled.

Methods
The chronic constrictive injury (CCI) model was established by ligature of the unilateral sciatic nerve in adult Wistar rats. Rats were randomized into normal control (NC) group, CCI group, and CCI with electroacupuncture (EA) stimulation group. EA was applied to bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Yanglingquan (GB34) in the EA group. Differentially expressed proteins in the hippocampus in the three groups were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The functional clustering of the identified proteins was analyzed by Mascot software.

Results
After CCI, the thermal pain threshold of the affected hind footpad was decreased and was reversed gradually by 12 sessions of acupuncture treatment. Following EA, there were 19 hippocampal proteins identified with significant changes in expression (>2-fold), which are involved in metabolic, physiological, and cellular processes. The top three canonical pathways identified were “cysteine metabolism”, “valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation” and “mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling”.

Conclusions
These data suggest that the analgesic effect of EA is mediated by regulation of hippocampal proteins related to amino acid metabolism and activation of the MAPK signaling pathway.
Association of the interleukin 1 beta gene and brain spontaneous activity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Zhuang Liying , Liu Xiaoyan , Xu Xiaohui , Yue Chunxian , Shu Hao , Bai Feng , Yu Hui , Shi Yongmei , Zhang Zhijun 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Purpose
The inflammatory response has been associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The purpose of this study is to determine whether the rs1143627 polymorphism of the interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) gene moderates functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-measured brain regional activity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).

Methods
Eighty older participants (47 with aMCI and 33 healthy controls) were recruited for this study. All of the participants were genotyped for variant rs1143627 in the IL1B gene and were scanned using resting-state fMRI. Brain activity was assessed by amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF).

Results
aMCI patients had abnormal ALFF in many brain regions, including decreases in the inferior frontal gyrus, the superior temporal lobe and the middle temporal lobe, and increases in the occipital cortex (calcarine), parietal cortex (Pcu) and cerebellar cortex. The regions associated with an interaction of group X genotypes of rs1143627 C/T were the parietal cortex (left Pcu), frontal cortex (left superior, middle, and medial gyrus, right anterior cingulum), occipital cortex (left middle lobe, left cuneus) and the bilateral posterior lobes of the cerebellum. Regarding the behavioral significance, there were significant correlations between ALFF in different regions of the brain and with the cognitive scores of each genotype group.

Conclusions
The present study provided evidence that aMCI patients had abnormal ALFF in many brain regions. Specifically, the rs1143627 C/T polymorphism of the IL1B gene may modulate regional spontaneous brain activity in aMCI patients.
Participation and performance trends in multistage ultramarathons—the ‘Marathon des Sables’ 2003–2012
Authors: Knoth Christoph , Knechtle Beat , Rüst Christoph Alexander , Rosemann Thomas , Lepers Romuald 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to investigate participation and performance changes in the multistage ultramarathon ‘Marathon des Sables’ from 2003 to 2012.

Methods
Participation and performance trends in the four- or six-stage running event covering approximately 250 km were analyzed with special emphasis on the nationality and age of the athletes. The relations between gender, age, and nationality of finishers and performance were investigated using regression analyses and analysis of variance.

Results
Between 2003 and 2012, a number of 7,275 athletes with 938 women (12.9%) and 6,337 men (87.1%) finished the Marathon des Sables. The finisher rate in both women (r
2 = 0.62) and men (r
2 = 0.60) increased across years (p < 0.01). Men were significantly (p < 0.01) faster than women for overall finishers (5.9 ± 1.6 km·h−1 versus 5.1 ± 1.3 km·h−1) and for the top three finishers (12.2 ± 0.4 km·h−1 versus 8.3 ± 0.6 km·h−1). The gender difference in running speed of the top three athletes decreased (r
2 = 0.72; p < 0.01) from 39.5% in 2003 to 24.1% in 2012 with a mean gender difference of 31.7 ± 2.0%. In men, Moroccans won nine of ten competitions, and one edition was won by a Jordanian athlete. In women, eight races were won by Europeans (France five, Luxembourg two, and Spain one, respectively), and two events were won by Moroccan runners.

Conclusions
The finisher rate in the Marathon des Sables increased this last decade. Men were significantly faster than women with a higher gender difference in performance compared to previous reports. Social or cultural inhibitions may determine the outcome in this event. Future studies need to investigate participation trends regarding nationalities and socioeconomic background, as well as the motivation to compete in ultramarathons.