bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of children with learning and behavioural problems: Comparison of a multidisciplinary and sole paediatrician model
Authors: Mittal Riju , Sciberras Emma , Sewell Jill , Efron Daryl 
Published: October 2013

AimsThis study aimed to compare multidisciplinary (MD) versus sole paediatrician (SP) assessment models for children with learning and/or behaviour difficulties.MethodsChildren aged 4–12 years referred for an MD or SP assessment of learning and/or behavioural concerns were invited to participate. At baseline, parents completed surveys assessing child behaviour (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; SDQ) and quality of life (QoL) (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0; PedsQL). Following the assessment, parents completed a survey evaluating their satisfaction with the assessment. Parents completed a survey at 3–4 months post‐assessment assessing: (i) adherence to recommendations; (ii) perceived changes in child functioning; and (iii) child QoL and behaviour.ResultsThe parents of 66 children (82% male) participated in the study. Parents reported satisfaction with both assessment models; however, parents in the MD group reported better understanding of their child's difficulties than the SP group (P = 0.03). Parents in the MD group were less likely to report that ‘recommendations were useful and practical’ compared with the SP group (P = 0.01). There was no significant change in child behaviour or QoL in either group from baseline to 3–4 months post‐assessment.ConclusionsParents attending both clinics were satisfied with the assessment process. MD assessment of children with suspected learning and/or behavioural concerns appears to have the additional benefit of helping families to better understand their child's difficulties. Fewer families attending MD clinics reported that recommendations were useful and practical compared with the SP model.
Sleep patterns are associated with common illness in adolescents
Authors: Orzech Kathryn M. , Acebo Christine , Seifer Ronald , Barker David , Carskadon Mary A. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThis prospective, field‐based study examined the association between actigraphically measured total sleep time and incident illness including cold, flu, gastroenteritis and other common infectious diseases (e.g. strep throat) in adolescents during the course of a school semester. Participants were 56 adolescents ages 14–19 years (mean = 16.6, standard deviation = 1.2, 39% male) from five high schools in Rhode Island. Beginning in late January, adolescents wore actigraphs [mean 91 (19) days, range 16–112 days] and were assigned post‐hoc to longer or shorter sleep groups based on median splits. Adolescents were interviewed weekly across as many as 16 weeks (modal number of interviews = 13) using a structured protocol that included 14 health event questions. Illness events and illness‐related school absences were coded for 710 completed interviews, with 681 illness events and 90 school absences reported. Outcomes (illness bouts, illness duration and absences) were compared among sex, sleep and academic year groups using non‐parametric regression. In a subset of 18 subjects, mean actigraphically estimated total sleep time six nights before matched illness/wellness events was compared using multivariate analysis of variance (manova). Longer sleepers and males reported fewer illness bouts; total sleep time effects were more apparent in males than females. A trend was found for shorter total sleep time before ill events. The present findings in this small naturalistic sample indicate that acute illnesses were more frequent in otherwise healthy adolescents with shorter sleep, and illness events were associated with less sleep during the previous week than comparable matched periods without illness.
The Theory of Conditionality: An Illustration of the Place of Norms in the Field of Social Thinking
Authors: Gaymard Sandrine 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn the field of the central core theory of social representations, research which has focused on the normative aspects is relatively recent as it dates back little more than ten years. The theory of conditionality which developed from research into the periphery of representation results from this. It is a particularly fruitful theory to explain “normative latitudes” and the behaviour accruing to them. One of the particularities of these works stresses the importance of linking the normative aspects with specific methods and/or analyses. In this paper, we will illustrate it via a specific tool developed in the field of traffic psychology: the Conditional Script Questionnaire (CSQ). This approach makes it possible to highlight the interactions between two systems of norms: the legal system and the social system. The implication of norms is fundamental in different processes already studied such as social influence or identity processes, and this article can be considered as an illustration of the place of norms in the field of social thinking.
Molecular field analysis of trophic relationships in soil‐dwelling invertebrates to identify mercury, lead and cadmium transmission through forest ecosystems
Authors: Šerić Jelaska Lucija , Jurasović Jasna , Brown David S. , Vaughan Ian P. , Symondson William O. C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractContamination pathways in complex food chains in soil ecosystems can be difficult to elucidate. Molecular analysis of predator gut content can, however, rapidly reveal previously unidentified trophic interactions between invertebrates and thereby uncover pathways of pollutant spread. Here, we measured concentrations of the toxic metals lead, cadmium and mercury in carabid beetle predators and their prey. Invertebrates were sampled at one control and four heavy metal‐polluted sites to reveal the impact of diet composition and seasonal variation in prey availability on metal burden in carabids and metal transfer pathways through forest ecosystems. This is the first report, to our knowledge, of carabid diet composition based onPCRanalysis of gut contents at the forest community level, rather than in cultivated fields. Extensive screening using group‐ and species‐specific primers revealed that carabids ate primarily earthworms and slugs, as well as smaller numbers of woodlice and springtails. Metal concentrations in carabids correlated with seasonal changes in diet. Mercury accumulated in beetle predators more than in their slug prey. As earthworms, slugs and carabid beetles are the major prey of many birds and mammals, prey–predator transfer and associated toxicity are major risks at mercury‐contaminated sites. Carabids may be useful bioindicators for assessing the impact of pollutants on soil ecosystems, as long as species and seasonal factors are taken into account.
Alterations in Pain Response are Partially Reversed by Methylphenidate (Ritalin) in Adults with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Treister Roi , Eisenberg Elon , Demeter Naor , Pud Dorit 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by dysregulation of sensory processing and neurobiology of dopamine. Although cumulative evidence suggests that dopamine is involved in pain processing, pain perception in ADHD subjects and the effect of dopamine agonists such as methylphenidate (MP, Ritalin) on it have rarely been studied.AimsThe aims of this study were to (1) psychophysically assess sensitivity to pain in ADHD subjects as compared to controls and (2) examine the effects of MP on pain response in ADHD subjects.MethodsThirty subjects with ADHD and 30 age‐ and gender‐matched controls participated in a preliminary trial. Pain threshold, intensity, and tolerance in response to cold pain stimulation were measured for both groups (ADHD with no treatment). In addition, the ADHD group was reassessed following a single dose of MP treatment.ResultsThe ADHD subjects “without MP” in comparison with controls displayed significantly shorter cold pain threshold (2.8 ± 2.1 vs. 5.8 ± 2.5 seconds, respectively, P < 0.001) and cold tolerance (21.8 ± 22.3 vs. 62.8 ± 59.8 seconds, respectively P < 0.001). No differences in pain intensities between the groups were found. Following MP treatment, both cold threshold and tolerance in the ADHD subjects increased significantly compared to those with no treatment (3.6 ± 2.5 seconds, P = 0.011, and 46.4 ± 53.3 seconds, P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsThese results suggest that adults with ADHD are more sensitive to pain compared with controls and that MP may exert antinociceptive properties in these subjects. Randomized, controlled trials are warranted to verify these findings.
Improving androgenesis‐mediated doubled haploid production efficiency of FCV tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) through in vitro colchicine application
Authors: Sood Salej , Dwivedi Samresh , Reddy Thamalampudi Venkata , Prasanna Panuganti Satya , Sharma Navin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractProduction of doubled haploid plants through androgenesis in flue‐cured Virginia (FCV) tobacco is a promising and convenient alternative to conventional selfing techniques for the generation of absolute homozygous lines. Here, we show a robust in vitro haploid and doubled haploid development protocol in FCV tobacco with major emphasis on improving the efficiency of chromosome doubling using in vitro colchicine treatment. We used five FCV tobacco hybrids for comparison of colchicine treatments. The anther culture response varied with developmental stages of the buds, and the highest response was observed in stage 2 buds. The effect of cold pretreatment was significant, and 4 days of pretreatment was optimum for gametic embryogenesis. Among the methods used for determining the ploidy status of plants, flow cytometry was found to be easy, fast and reliable for high‐throughput screening of haploids. Doubled haploids regeneration percentage varied from 6.77 to 11.95 in in vivo treatment, while the range of variation was 22.11% to 28.40% in in vitro colchicine treatment. We observed a pronounced increase in plant survival and the proportion of doubled haploid plants in in vitro treatment compared with the standard in vivo approach.
Continuous hemodialysis therapy for an extremely low‐birthweight infant with hyperammonemia
Authors: Kaneko Masatoshi , Ogasawara Kei , Go Hayato , Imamura Takashi , Momoi Nobuo , Hosoya Mitsuaki 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHyperammonemia of newborns should be treated promptly, and the outcome depends on the rapid elimination of excessive plasma ammonia. We encountered a case of transient hyperammonemia in an extremely low‐birthweight infant whose plasma ammonia decreased sufficiently after continuous hemodialysis therapy. It seems that continuous hemodialysis therapy using the peripheral artery and umbilical vein is useful for hyperammonemia of extremely low‐birthweight infants; however, there are several problems to consider due to the immaturity of these infants.
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria caused by an IgM‐class Donath–Landsteiner antibody
Authors: Hayashi Hisako , Yasutomi Motoko , Hayashi Taihei , Yuasa Miori , Kawakita Akiko , Hata Ikue , Tanizawa Akihiko , Muramatsu Hideki , Kojima Seiji , Ohshima Yusei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe report on a 4‐year‐old boy who developed paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) following the first dose of a seven‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. He was admitted because of dark urine after exposure to cold air. Laboratory tests indicated anemia, increased serum indirect bilirubin and lactate dehydrogenase, and decreased serum haptoglobin. Donath–Landsteiner (D‐L) test was positive. The D‐L antibody belonged to the IgM class and exhibited anti‐P specificity. Symptoms and signs subsided after supportive care without any medication. Although PCH is often associated with viral or bacterial infection and is caused by IgG‐class D‐L antibodies with anti‐P specificity, this case was unique because a D‐L antibody of the IgM class with anti‐P specificity caused PCH after immunization with a pneumococcal vaccine.
Splenic infarction in a child with primary Epstein–Barr virus infection
Authors: Gang Mi Hyeon , Kim Jae Young 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDescribed herein is the case of a previously healthy 7‐year‐old girl who had splenic infarction. This lesion was identified 1 day after the first presentation of peri‐umbilical and right upper quadrant pain. She had abnormal hepatic function and mild splenomegaly, and was diagnosed as having primary Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. Coagulation profiles indicated low plasma activity of protein C (49%) and protein S (47%), which normalized 3 weeks later. Hypercoagulability in transient protein C and protein S deficiency might contribute to the development of splenic infarction in infectious mononucleosis.
Asthma and hemoglobinopathy: When is supplemental oxygen required?
Authors: Joseph Leon , Brickner‐Braun Inbal , Pinshow Berry , Goldberg Shmuel , Miskin Hagit , Picard Elie 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAsthma is the most common reason for referral to the emergency department in childhood. In severe attacks, supplemental O2 is given when oxygen saturation level is <90%. Described herein is the case of a child with persistent low oxygen saturation as measured on pulse oximetry (SpO2) after full clinical recovery from an asthma attack. Simultaneously, PaO2 was normal. A diagnosis of abnormal hemoglobin with decreased oxygen affinity (hemoglobin Seattle) was made on hemoglobin electrophoresis and genetic analysis. To ascertain when supplemental oxygen was needed, an oxygen dissociation curve was plotted using the tonometer technique, and it was found that an SpO2 of 70% is parallel to a PaO2 of 60 mmHg. Plotting an oxygen dissociation curve is a simple reproducible method to determine when supplemental oxygen is required for a child with a hemoglobinopathy.
Childhood‐onset hereditary pancreatitis with mutations in the CT gene and SPINK1 gene
Authors: Awano Hiroyuki , Lee Tomoko , Yagi Mariko , Masamune Atsushi , Kume Kiyoshi , Takeshima Yasuhiro , Iijima Kazumoto 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHereditary pancreatitis (HP) is an autosomal‐dominant gene disorder. The affected genes have been identified as the cationic trypsinogen (CT) gene and the serine protease inhibitor Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) gene. These gene abnormalities alone, however, do not necessarily regulate the onset or severity of pancreatitis, suggesting the involvement of other gene abnormalities and environmental factors. Reported herein is the case of a 9‐year‐old boy with early‐onset HP due to mutations in the CT and SPINK1 genes. The patient had a p.R122H heterozygous mutation in the CT gene and a p.N34S heterozygous mutation in the SPINK1 gene. The father had heterozygous mutation of the SPINK1 gene, and the mother had heterozygous mutation of the CT gene, although neither had a prior history of pancreatitis. In this patient, early onset of HP was attributed to the presence of gene abnormalities in the CT and SPINK1 genes.
Efficacy of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin for childhood hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Kawasaki Yukihiko , Suyama Kazuhide , Ono Atsushi , Oikawa Tomoko , Ohara Shinichiro , Suzuki Yuichi , Sakai Nobuko , Hosoya Mitsuaki 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRecombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhTM) is a promising therapeutic natural anticoagulant and is used clinically for the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Herein is reported the cases of two HUS children treated with rhTM. The patients were diagnosed as having typical HUS on the basis of thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia, acute renal failure, and the detection Escherichia coli 0157. I.v. rhTM was started as an anti‐coagulant drug. At 2 days after the first treatment in both patients, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products and d‐dimer levels were significantly decreased, and there was a subsequent slight improvement in thrombocytopenia, and a decrease in serum lactate dehydrogenase level. Urinary protein excretion gradually diminished and a decrease in serum creatinine level was observed. The patients did not require dialysis therapy. The present results suggest that rhTM may be a safe and effective treatment for DIC complicated with HUS in children.
Extremely rare cause of congenital diarrhea: Enteric anendocrinosis
Authors: Sayar Ersin , Islek Ali , Yilmaz Aygen , Akcam Mustafa , Flanagan Sarah E , Artan Reha 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCongenital diarrheal disorders consist of a variety of chronic enteropathies. There are approximately 30 different diseases that can be classified into four groups according to the mechanisms involved in pathogenesis: (i) absorption and transport of nutrients and electrolytes; (ii) enterocyte differentiation and polarization; (iii) enteroendocrine cell differentiation; and (iv) modulation of the intestinal immune response. Affected patients often present with life‐threatening diarrhea, in the first few weeks of life. A new disorder, enteric anendocrinosis, which is characterized by severe malabsorptive diarrhea and a lack of intestinal enteroendocrine cells has recently been described in six patients with recessively inherited mutations in the Neurogenin‐3 gene. In this report we describe a seventh case with a review of the literature.
Bilateral galactocele in a male infant with Down syndrome and congenital hypothyroidism
Authors: Güven Ayla , Hancili Suna 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGalactocele is an uncommon benign breast lesion. Its cause is unknown. Here, we report a male infant with Down syndrome and congenital hypothyroidism during the newborn period. At follow up, when he was 6 months old, bilateral mammillary swelling was detected and diagnosed as galactocele. Although thyroid hormone levels were normal, serum prolactin levels were elevated. Cyst aspiration was performed on the left side and 6 months after the aspiration of the cyst on the left side, both cysts had clinically and sonographically regressed. No recurrence was observed at the end of the 4th year.
Mortality after pediatric kidney transplantation in England – a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Farrugia Daniela , Cheshire James , Mahboob Sophia , Begaj Irena , Khosla Sajan , Ray Daniel , Sharif Adnan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore mortality after pediatric kidney transplantation in England over the last decade. We used data from HES to select all kidney transplant procedures performed in England between April 2001 and March 2012. Data linkage analysis was performed with the ONS to identify all deaths occurring among this study cohort. Data for 1189 pediatric recipients were compared to 17 914 adult recipients (number of deaths, 33 vs. 2052, respectively, p < 0.001), with median follow‐up 4.4 yr (interquartile range 2.2–7.3 yr). There was no difference in mortality within the pediatric cohort; age 0–1 (n = 25, patient survival 100.0%), age 2–5 (n = 198, patient survival 96.0%), age 6–12 (n = 359, patient survival 97.5%), and age 13–18 (n = 607, patient survival 97.4%), respectively (p = 0.567). The most common causes of death were renal (n = 8, 24.2%), infection (n = 6, 18.2%), and malignancy (n = 5, 15.2%). All deaths from malignancy were secondary to PTLD. In a fully adjusted Cox regression model, only white ethnicity was significantly associated with risk of pediatric mortality post‐kidney transplantation (hazard ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval [1.0–7.3], p = 0.047). To conclude, this population‐based cohort study confirms low mortality after pediatric kidney transplantation with short follow‐up.
Reproductive versatility in legumes: the case of amphicarpy in Trifolium polymorphum
Authors: Speroni G. , Izaguirre P. , Bernardello G. , Franco J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAmphicarpy is a fascinating reproductive strategy, defined as fruit produced both below the soil surface and as aerial fruit on the same plant. Trifolium polymorphum is a grassland species subject to herbivory that combines amphicarpy with vegetative reproduction through stolons. Underground flowers have been described as obligate autogamous and aerial ones as self‐compatible allogamous, with aerial floral traits favouring cross‐pollination. In the present work we performed different pollination treatments on aerial flowers to analyse rates of pollen tube development and offspring fitness, measured as fruit set, seed production and germination percentage. This last variable was compared to that of seeds produced underground. No significant differences were found between fruit set in self‐ and cross‐pollinations. Seed production was higher in self‐pollinations, which is consistent with the higher rate of pollen tube development observed in self‐crosses. Spontaneous self‐pollination is limited in aerial flowers; thus pollen transfer by means of a vector is required even within the same flower. Germination tests showed that aerial seeds produced after self‐ and cross‐pollination did not differ in fitness, but underground seeds had higher germination percentage than aerial ones. Thus, we conclude that T. polymorphum has a mixed mating system. In grasslands with heavy grazing pressure, clonal propagation and underground seed production ensure persistence in the field. An intermediate level of selfing in aerial flowers ensures offspring, but morphological (herkogamy) and functional (dicogamy) floral traits maintain a window to incorporate genetic variability, allowing the species to tolerate temporal and spatial pressures.
Dependency of seed dormancy types on embryo traits and environmental conditions in Ribes species
Authors: Mattana E. , Stuppy W. H. , Fraser R. , Waller J. , Pritchard H. W. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe hypothesis that seed dormancy may be dependent on environmental conditions and seed morphological traits was tested for six Ribes species, across an altitudinal gradient of 1300 m and a longitudinal separation of 120°. Embryo measurements and seed germination experiments were conducted for R. alpinum L., R. hudsonianum Richardson var. petiolare (Douglas) Jancz., R. nevadaense Kellogg, R. roezlii Regel var. cruentum (Greene) Rehder and R. speciosum Pursh, and data taken from the literature for R. multiflorum Kit. ex Schult. ssp. sandalioticum Arrigoni. Germination was compared with seed viability to reveal proportional seed dormancy, which was then correlated to seed/embryo morphological traits and these traits related to the seed provenance environment. The embryos of all the investigated species are linear underdeveloped and all had a morphological component of seed dormancy (MD). Seeds of R. roezlii, R. hudsonianum and R. nevadaense required a temperature and/or hormone pre‐treatment in order to germinate, highlighting morphophysiological seed dormancy (MPD). Seed dormancy was found to be strongly negatively correlated with embryo length, but not with embryo to seed (E:S) ratio or seed mass. Initial embryo length was positively related to mean annual temperature. Seed dormancy in the investigated Ribes species could be quantified and predicted by the interaction of embryo traits and environmental conditions. This approach may be helpful in assessing and predicting seed dormancy in the Ribes genus and in other genera and families with underdeveloped embryos.