bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
399 – Psychiatric Morbidity and Alcohol Use Among Clients Seeking Treatment in Government Drug Rehabilitation Centre, Malaysia
Authors: Abd Rashid R. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Psychiatric morbidity and concomittant alcohol use are associated with poor outcomes among substance dependent individuals.Objective:To investigate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and alcohol use among the inmates and their psychosocial correlates.Methods:Cross-sectional study involving 201 inmates age 18 years and above with written consent who currently seeking treatment on volunteer basis under the government run rehabilitation centre in sunagi Besi, Kuala Lumpur. The study was conducted in December 2011 with approval from the Ethic committee board from the university hospital. The psychiatric morbidity measured by MINI Neuropsychiatric Inventory (MINI ver 5.0) and alcohol use measured by AUDIT.Results:The current prevalence of anxiety and depression are 27.9% and 39.8% respectively. The lifetime prevalence for depression is 21.9%. We also found that lifetime and current prevalence of alcohol use are 77% and 37% respectively. Univariate analysis showed significant association between psychiatric morbidity and alcohol use among this group of inmates (Odd ratio=1.9, P< 0.05) and educational status(Odd ratio =, p< 0.05). However, no significance association found between alcohol use with age, gender, ethnicity, marital status, religion and methadone treatment status. 73.1% of inmates also receiving methadone maintenance therapy during the study take place. Mean dose of methadone is 52.2mg daily (minimum 25mg daily, maximum 119mg daily).Conclusions:There is high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and alcohol use among the inmates seeking treatment in government run rehabilitation centre on top of receiving methadone treatment. Therefore, this centre need specialised care to cater the dual diagnosis group clients.
411 – Prenatal Stress Induced Depression-Like Behavior and its Impacts on PGLUR1 Expression
Authors: Zhang X. , Zhao X. , Tang G. , Guan L. , Wang D. , Sun H. , Zhu Z. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Epidemiological studies have convinced that prenatal stress (PS) might cause offspring depression.Objectives and aims:Our pervious research work certified that PS can increases the glutamate level of hippocampus of rat offspring, which inspired us to explore the pathogenesis of depression by focusing on glutamatergic system.Methods:Pregnant rats were randomly assigned to control group (CON), mid prenatal stress group (MPS) and late prenatal stress group (LPS). The pregnant rats of MPS and LPS were exposed to restraint stress on days 7–13, 14–20 of pregnancy three times for 45 min respectively. Tail suspension test (TST) was performed to examine the depression like behavior and Western-blot were used to test phosphorylated GluR1(pGluR1) of AMPAR expression in the hippocampus, striatum and frontal cortex of one month rat offspring.Results:For both male and female offspring, the time of immobility of TST in LPS (156±11, 155±12) and MPS (173±15, 155±12) was significantly longer (P< 0.05) than CON(118±8,113±12), the latency in MPS (18±3, 24±3) was significantly shorter (P< 0.05) than CON (30±5, 58±11). The pGluR1 expression in hippocampus and frontal cortex in LPS (1.77±0.45, 1.00±0.09) and MPS (1.65±0.51, 1.05±0.18) were significantly lower (P< 0.05) than CON (3.72±0.86, 2.05±0.34) in male rat offspring.Conclusion:It is suggested that the PS may induce depression like behavior in rat offspring, and glutamate receptors subunit pGluR1 might be involved in the etiology of depression.(The research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No: 30970952, 18110059).
426 – Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Treating Psychological Disturbances in Adolescents Who Experienced Bullied Experiences: Randomized Case Control Study
Authors: Tang T.-C. , Huang S.-Y. 
Published: July 2013

Background:This case-control study aimed to assess the intervention effects of six-session interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT-A) on reducing the severity of anxiety and depression in adolescent victims.Methods:A total of 30 adolescents who had clinical significant level after experiencing bullied experiences were allocated to a six-session course of IPT-A (N = 15) or to treatment as usual (TAU) (N = 15). T test was performed to examine the effect of IPT-A on reducing the severity of anxiety and depression related to the bullied events.Results:Pre-intervention age, sex, anxiety and depression showed no significant difference between two groups. As the preintervention severity of two groups were no significant different, results showed the IPT-A group to have significantly lower post-intervention severity levels of anxiety and depression (p< .05) than the TAU group. Effective size showed moderate to high level between IPT-A and TAU.Conclusions:The results of this study support the effectiveness of the IPT-A in improving anxiety symptoms and depression in adolescents experiencing traumatic bullied experiences.
427 – Reasons of Withdrawing in Iranian Drug Addicted Males
Authors: Fararouei M. , Abasi A. , Karimzadeh Shirazi K. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Understanding the mechanism of withdrawing in drug addicted patients is a key factor in controlling addiction problem. Social characteristics and history of addiction including attempts to withdraw were measured in 362 drug addicted males referred to treatment centres or were accessed via some other addicted persons in Yasouj, Iran.Results:More than 70% of participants reported at least one attempt for withdraw during their addiction period. The main method of withdrawal was methadone replacement (39%). The main reason to quite is reported as tiredness from addiction (37%) and family pressure (25%). The average duration of withdraw at first attempt is 132 days (vary from 1 to 2580 days).Conclusion:Most drug addicted individuals tried to quite (once at least) using a private method. The reason for using private methods is possibly to prevent being known and marked as addicted in their community. It seams that a maturation level (tiredness) or pressure from family is needed before attempting to quite. However, efforts predominantly fail as most patients return to drug shortly.
429 – Clinical/Legal Divides in the Assessment and Treatment of Sex Offenders: American, Canadian & European Comparisons
Authors: French L.A. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:A wide divide exists between punitive versus treatment perspectives regarding the treatment of sex offenses, notably paraphilias, within Western societies with the United States leading the punitive perspective and Europe the clinical treatment focus of this continuum. Indeed, despite new inroads in treatment protocols, convicted sex offenders in the U.S. are given a life-sentence of social/legal stigma, a fate not even assigned to convicted murderers.Objectives:To review the legal actions of various governments against the current state-of-the-art diagnostic and treatment protocols for treating paraphilia - based on the Depo-Lupron, Triptorelin model.Method:Analyze the U.S., Canadian, and European systems relevant to the Exclusion-Inclusion Spectrum regarding sex offenders where EU nations focus on treatment and inclusion back into society while the USA demonizes and excluded paraphilias.Results:In the USA, the action of conservative groups has resulted in compulsory sex offender registration, community notification, and civil commitment beyond the completion of criminal sentences, regardless of the effectiveness of clinical treatment. In 2007, Human Rights Watch called for an end to the registration of juveniles, residency restrictions, and the availability of online registration list that is the foundation of the USA model. In contrast, Canada sex offenses are handled at the federal level. In December 2004, Canada passed its Sex Offender Information Registration Act where their registry is accessible only to Canadian law enforcement and is maintained by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. It is unlawful for citizens to access the sex offender database or to distribute this data.
452 – Epidemiology of Suicide and Attempted Suicide Derived from the Health System Database in Islamic Republic of Iran: 2001–08
Authors: Ahmadzad-Asl M. , Saberi-Zafaghandi M.B. , Hajebi A. , Eskandarieh S. 
Published: July 2013

Aims:Suicide is an important public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of suicide and attempted suicide in Iran.Methods:A retrospective study from March 2001 to March 2008 examined some characteristics of cases of suicide and attempted suicide in the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the health system database of 41 medical universities.Results:A total of 53 100 cases of suicide and attempted suicide were analysed. Just over half were among women (55.0%). The most favoured method of attempted suicide among both males and females was drug overdose. Self-burning was more frequent in females (5.8%) while hanging (4.5%), cutting (2.8%) and firearms (0.5%) were more common in males. There were 3883 (7.3%) completed (fatal) suicides. Hanging had the highest case fatality rate (76.5%) and drug overdose the lowest (2.3%). Older people had a higher mortality rate.Conclusion:Suicide and attempted suicides increased from 8.3 per 100 000 population in 2001 to 19.4 in 2005, then declined to 16.3 in 2008.
455 – Antibiomania, Acute Manic Psychosis Following the Use of Antibiotics
Authors: Klain V. , Timmerman L. 
Published: July 2013

Background:There are in the literature a few case reports about the development of a manic-psychotic features after the use of antibiotics.This side effect is compared to the frequent and widespread use not very common.Goal:Awareness about the potential neuropsychiatric side effects of antibiotics.Case report:A 53 year old man was seen with since two days manifest agitation, religious utterances, confusion, sleep disturbance and sexual disinheriting. He started ten days before admission a course with Amoxicillin / Clavulanic-acid 500/125 mg t.i.d. for erysipelas to the right leg. He seems to be manic psychotic. During the hospitalization he refused to take the prescribed risperidon. He took only the lorazepam. On the third hospital day the psychiatric symptoms were fully remitted. He had two years ago the same psychiatric symptoms after a seven-day treatment with cotrimoxazole. His condition is completely disappeared within 24 hours after cotrimoxazol discontinuation and without any intake of psychotropic drugs. Pathophysiology: Unclear. Possibly interact antibiotics with different neurotransmitters: for example penicillin inhibits GABA- A and benzodiazepine receptors. This leads to a stimulation of the central nervous system resulting in neurotoxicity and reduction of the seizure threshold. The inhibition of the hepatic P450 enzyme system which results in increased serum levels of antibiotics and subsequently to neurotoxicity. Prostaglandins and cortisol may also play a role.Conclusion:Manic-psychosis as a side-effect of antibiotics is rare and the symptoms usually disappear within a few days after stopping the antibiotic and a treatment with psychotropic drugs is usually not necessary.
461 – Delusional Disorder in an Iranian Man with Anorexia Nervosa: A Case Report
Authors: Sheikhmoonesi F. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Anorexia Nervosa is a serious mental illness and is frequently seen in young females in childhood and adolescence. The most common ages of onset of anorexia nervosa are the mid teens.Objectives:To our knowledge this is singular report of a case of delusional disorder in which Anorexia Nervosa preceded the onset of psychotic symptoms. Age and sex of our case are unusual in Anorexia nervosa.Aim:In this report a rare case of Anorexia nervosa is presented in which the patient is a 32 year old male with poor socioeconomic background from a developing country who subsequently experienced a distinct onset of delusional disorder. After four weeks, delusional disorder and Anorexia Nervosa resolved due to treatment by atypical antipsychotics (Risperidone).Results:The association between anorexia Nervosa and Delusional Disorder is important. In the case which is reported here delusional thoughts started six month after anorexia nervosa when the patient became extremely thin and cachectic.Conclusion:In fact the theory of occurrence of psychotic disorder as a result of severe malnutrition is intensified.
467 – The Relationship between Internet Addiction and Body Mass Index in Turkish Adolescents
Authors: Canan F. , Yildirim O. , Ustunel T.Y. , Sinani G. , Ozturk O. , Gunes C. , Kaleli A.H. , Ataoglu A. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:It is widely accepted that obesity is a major public health problem in the world. The rapid rise in prevalence suggests environmental factors are responsible. Increased use of information and communication technology is also reported to be associated with increased rates of obesity.Objectives:Although many studies have analyzed the impact of televison viewing on obesity, the association of excessive Internet use with body mass index (BMI) has heretofore been evaluated only in relatively few studies.Aims:The purpose of this study was to investigate Internet use patterns and Internet addiction among adolescents and to examine the correlation between problematic Internet use and BMI.Methods:The study was conducted among 1938 students, aged between 14 and 18 years. Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Eating Attitudes Test, and a sociodemographic query form were used in the collection of data.Results:According to the IAT, 10.5% of the study sample was a ‘problematic Internet user’ or an ‘Internet addict’. A significant positive correlation between BMI and IAT (r = 0.307; p < 0.01) and weekly Internet use (r = 0.215; p < 0.01) was found. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant independent association of IAT with BMI (r = 0.235; p < 0.001). Web surfing, watching online videos, chat rooms and Internet messaging, and playing online games were significantly associated with increased BMI (p< 0.05).Conclusions:These results indicate an association between the Internet addiction and BMI. Further studies are needed to describe the causality of this association.
469 – Diagnosing Complex Patients in Specialised Units
Authors: Rossen C. , Buus N. , Nielsen B. , Stenager E. , Stenager E. 
Published: July 2013

Recent developments of the Danish Health Care Sector have created new, large scale specialised units with standardized trajectories for patients undergoing diagnostic assessment. In the present study, the assessment process is defined as the psychosocial process through which clinical knowledge about the patients’ illness is collected and evaluated.A group of patients, the complex patients, present diffuse symptoms and may have rivalling illnesses and needs help from various specialised functions. This group of patients can have problems getting their diffuse symptoms categorised and legitimised.The aim of the study is to gain knowledge about how complex patients are diagnostically assessed in specialised units. The focus will be on organizational, professionals and patient perspectives. Knowledge about diagnostic assessment is important because it is a great individual, social and economic problem that complex patients are circulated in the health care system without a proper diagnosis and treatment.The diagnostic process will be examined in two specialised units, a sclerosis unit and a mental health unit. Both clinics are specialised in assessment of patients who have complex problems. The clinical experience is that these units often get patients referred, which have not been possible to assess anywhere else in the system.The sample will consist of 20 patients, who are categorized as complex patients, as well as the healthcare professionals who are affiliated with the patients. Data will be collected by means of ethnographic fieldwork, interviews, audio recordings of consultations, collection of journals and written material from the units.
474 – Self Identity and Holistic Recovery from a Critical Cardiac Event
Authors: MacFarlane D. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Adherence after a coronary event to an aerobic exercise programme greatly improves self confidence, survival and quality of life. Even so, and for reasons largely as yet unexplored, over seventy per cent of survivors of a critical cardiac event fail to adhere to their recovery programme. As a result, there is an avoidable foreshortening and reduced quality of life.Objectives:This research looks at reasons why engagement and adherence to a cardiorehab programme is so poor even when longer-term survival from a coronary event and quality of remaining life is at stake.Aims:To explore fatalistic self-beliefs that are activated by a life-threatening event and that interfere with life-enhancing and life-lengthening intervention strategies that can be put in place.Method:The primary instruments were ISA (Identity Structure Analysis) and mini-COPE, placed within an ADKAR (Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, Reinforcement) framework of self-management.Results:All subjects, independent of engagement and clinical outcome, achieved comparable scores in awareness, desire and knowledge about their conditions. Subjects who adhered least well to cardiorehabilitation programmes were stuck in identity states of moratorium or foreclosure. These results are looked at in detail to demostrate the heuristic value of ISA for psychosomatic medicine.Conclusion:Blanket education programmes for subjects in recovery from a coronary event are mostly ineffectual unless the structural pressures of self-beliefs that contribute to self-handicapping are adequately addressed.
479 – Opinions about Elderly Suicide and Reasons for not Killing Oneself among Community-dwelling Young-old Chinese Elders
Authors: Tsai Y.-F. , Chen Y.-J. , Lee S.-H. , Lee H.-L. 
Published: July 2013

Background:Suicide rates are high for older persons worldwide. However, no literature could be found on young-old people’s opinions about elderly suicide and the beliefs/expectations that protect them from attempting suicide.Objectives:To explore opinions about elderly suicide among community-dwelling young-old people in Taiwan and their reasons for not killing themselves.Method:A qualitative descriptive design was used. Young-old (65–74 years old) outpatients were recruited by convenience from two randomly selected medical centers in northern Taiwan if they had never expressed suicidal ideas and had no severe cognitive deficit. Data were collected in individual interviews and analysed by content analysis.Results:Among 31 participating young-old people, most participants (87.1%) had heard of elderly suicide. Their opinions about elderly suicide reflected negative emotional reactions (32.3%), judgmental attitudes (32.3%), could happen after losing the meaning of life (9.7%), and expectations of social welfare (9.7%). Reasons for not killing themselves fell into six major themes: living well (32.3%), suicide cannot resolve problems (22.6%), fear of humiliating their children (16.1%), religious beliefs (12.9%), never thought about suicide (12.9%), and living in harmony with nature (12.9%).Conclusion:Among the factors that prevented participants from killing themselves, perceptions of living well and of children’s filial behavior, as well as rational thinking could be adjusted. These factors can be addressed and improved by healthcare providers and policy makers to prevent suicide among the young-old. Our findings may also serve as a reference for geriatric researchers in western countries with increasing numbers of elderly ethnic minority immigrants.
483 – Forensic Psychiatric-Psychological Characteristics of Sexual Offenders against Children and Adolescents in Lithuania
Authors: Daskevicius K. , Marcinkeviciene J. , Joneliukstiene V. , Zukauskas G. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:In the past two decades sexual offences against minors in Lithuania increaed dramatically (from 45 cases in 1994 up to 344 in 2010, 3151 in total, of which only 25% had been directed to psychiatric examination. In our judicial practice neither pedophily nor any sexual disorder is considered to substantiate perpetrator's insanity.The aim of research: to establish some mental peculiarities of sexual offenders against minors, their personality traits and reasons of sexual encroachment.Sample and methods:We compiled a special questionnaire to analize all 787 psychiatric and psychological examinations completed in 1994–2010 in cases of sexual offences against minors.Findings and discussion:The offender in these cases is likely to be a single male of 20–30 years, below secondary education, unemployed, w/o criminal history, having contacted psychiatrist due to mental retardation, personality or behavior disorder. Mental disorder was previously diagnosed in 41% (+ 20% added during the examination, mostly with personality/behavior disorders and abating neurotic/affective/stress disorders and mental retardation). Among those recommended for insanity (N=61) 49% made disorders of schizophrenia spectrum. Only 11% of the total had owned the perpetration and gave their motives.Conclusions:Pedophilia was diagnosed in 1,3% of the sample, revealing no specific personality traits except of more notableindependence.Sexual offences against minors are perpetrated equally by pedophiles, people with other mental problems and the mentallysound, so prevention and education are indispensible while serving the punishment and afterwards.Preventive measures and sexual education should be addressed to violence and child abuse in family.
491 – Efficacy of Original Anticonvulsant Galodif in Treating of Patients with Compulsive Craving to Alcohol, Associated with Alteration Levels of Steroid Hormons
Authors: Shushpanova T.V. 
Published: July 2013

Objective:Disturbances in exciting and inhibiting functions in brain can induce high nerve excitation laid down in basis of high risk of alcoholism. Alcoholism is associated with abnormal levels of certain neuroactive steroids: progesterone (PG) and cortisol (CS), more severe in different ethnic groups. Drugs that normalize levels of neurosteroid hormones (NS) are perspective in treating of alcohol abstinent patients.Method:Clinical evaluation of state of patients was conducted with clinical-psychopathological and clinical-dynamic method. RIA kits from blood serum in examined persons measured assay of cortisol and progesterone before and after treatment with Galogif.Results:Alterations levels of NS in alcoholic patients suggest the abruption regulation of NS as one of the mechanisms of development of compulsive craving for alcohol. Comparative study of NS levels in blood serum of alcoholic patients showed significant decrease the level of PG, compared with healthy donors; investigations levels of CS showed significant increase of alcoholic patients. Using original anticonvulsant Galodif (meta-chlor-benzhydrylurea) during 21 days in dose 300 mg day in alcoholic patients cased induced reduction of symptoms, specific for AWS. Dynamic reduction of total scores of Hamilton scales (anxiety and depressive disorder) was quicker in investigative patients. Galodif decreased level of CS on 138% and increased level of PG on 160%, making it means like in healthy donors from control group.Conclusion:Drugs, that normalize levels of NS, modulating function of GABAARs, are perspective and may constitute new approaches in psychopharmacotherapy of alcohol craving and prevention of relapses in alcoholic persons.