bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noninvasive cardiac output monitoring using bioreactance‐based technique in pediatric patients with or without ventricular septal defect during anesthesia: in comparison with echocardiography
Authors: Sun Ying , Wu Chi , Wu Jun‐Zheng , Wang Shan‐Shan , Bai Jie , Zhu Ming , Zhang Yu‐Qi , Zhang Ma‐Zhong 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackgroundWe evaluated the use of bioreactance‐based noninvasive cardiac output (CO) monitoring technique (NICOM™, CONICOM) in pediatric patients with or without ventricular septal defect (VSD) during anesthesia induction to determine its agreement with the measurements assessed by echocardiography (echo, COECHO).MethodsTwenty‐eight pediatric patients with normal heart anatomy (group NHA) and 32 with isolated ventricular septal defects (group VSD) were included in this study. The cardiac output was measured simultaneously in minute‐by‐minute using NICOM and echo (Simpson's rule) during anesthesia induction and intubation. Linear regression and revised Bland–Altman analyses were performed to evaluate the agreement by comparing the paired CO results. The mean percent error ((COECHO–CONICOM)/COECHO × 100%) was used to assess the impact of congenital heart disease on the agreement.ResultsThe measurements of CO by NICOM and echo techniques were highly correlated in group NHA (γ = 0.96, P < 0.005) and VSD (γ = 0.84, P < 0.005). The mean bias (COECHO – CONICOM) between the two methods was 0.03 and 0.31 l·min−1 with the limits of agreement (LOA) −0.29 to +0.35 l·min−1 and −0.44 to +1.05 l·min−1, which include 96.9% (31/32) and 89.3% (25/28) of all patients' different data in group NHA and VSD, respectively. The median percent errors were significantly lower at all time points in group NHA than those in group VSD (all P < 0.05).ConclusionIn children without heart defects, the CO measured by NICOM shows a good agreement with the echo during anesthesia induction. The NICOM technique underestimates echo although a strong correlation exists between two methods in children with ventricular septal defect.
Clinical Spectrum of Capillary Malformation–Arteriovenous Malformation Syndrome Presenting to a Pediatric Dermatology Practice: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Weitz Nicole A. , Lauren Christine T. , Behr Gerald G. , Wu June K. , Kandel Jessica J. , Meyers Philip M. , Sultan Sally , Anyane‐Yeboa Kwame , Morel Kimberly D. , Garzon Maria C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCapillary malformation–arteriovenous malformation syndrome (CM‐AVM) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by RASA1 mutations. The prevalence and phenotypic spectrum are unknown. Evaluation of patients with multiple CMs is challenging because associated AVMs can be life threatening. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of children presenting with features of CM‐AVM to an academic pediatric dermatology practice. After institutional review board approval was received, a retrospective chart review was performed of patients presenting between 2009 and 2012 with features of CM‐AVM. We report nine cases. Presenting symptoms ranged from extensive vascular stains and cardiac failure to CMs noted incidentally during routine skin examination. All demonstrated multiple CMs, two had Parkes Weber syndrome, and two had multiple infantile hemangiomas. Seven patients had family histories of multiple CMs; three had family histories of large, atypical CMs. Six had personal or family histories of AVMs. Genetic evaluation was recommended for all and was pursued by six families; four RASA1 mutations were identified, including one de novo. Consultations with neurology, cardiology, and orthopedics were recommended. Most patients (89%) have not required treatment to date. CM‐AVM is an underrecognized condition with a wide clinical spectrum that often presents in childhood. Further evaluation may be indicated in patients with multiple CMs. This study is limited by its small and retrospective nature.
An Atypical Case of Bullous Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a 16‐Year‐Old Boy
Authors: Christodoulou George , Powell Mathieu , Nguyen Van‐Hung , Watters Kevin , Jafarian Fatemeh 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBullous systemic lupus erythematosus (BSLE) is a rare autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease with a female predominance characterized as an acute vesicobullous eruption in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here we report a case of BSLE in a 16‐year‐old boy that does not adhere to the criteria originally established and suggest a new outlook on this condition.
Validation and Application of a Model of Oxygen Consumption and Diffusion During Photodynamic Therapy In Vitro
Authors: Weston Mark A. , Patterson Michael S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe photophysical parameters for the photosensitizer Pd(II) meso‐Tetra(4‐carboxyphenyl) porphine (PdT790) acquired in a previous study were incorporated into the PDT oxygen diffusion models for cell suspensions and cell monolayers. The time‐dependent phosphorescence signals generated by the diffusion models are shown to match signals previously measured by M.A.W. and M.S.P. when reasonable physical and photophysical parameters are used. Simulations were performed to investigate the effects of metabolic and photodynamic oxygen consumption rates on the PDT dose in each of the treatment geometries. It was found that in cell suspensions of <1 million cells per mL, PDT should not be inhibited by hypoxia if the photodynamic consumption rate is <1 mm s−1. For cell monolayers the optimal photodynamic oxygen consumption rate was found to depend on the metabolic rate of oxygen consumption. If cells remained well oxygenated in the absence of PDT, then maximum PDT dose was delivered with the lowest practical photodynamic oxygen consumption rate. Simulations of PDT treatments for multicell tumor spheroids showed that large anoxic cores develop within the spheroids and, as a consequence, less PDT dose is delivered in comparison with similar treatments in cell suspensions and cell monolayers.
Modal Persistence and Modal Travel
Authors: Miller Kristie , Duncan Michael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe argue that there is an interesting modal analogue of temporal persistence, namely modal persistence, and an interesting modal analogue of time travel, namely modal travel. We explicate each of these notions and then argue that there are plausible conditions under which some ordinary objects modally persist. We go on to consider whether it is plausible that any modally persistent objects also modally travel.
Do static stress changes of a moderate‐magnitude earthquake significantly modify the regional seismic hazard? Hints from the L'Aquila 2009 normal‐faulting earthquake (Mw 6.3, central Italy)
Authors: Pace Bruno , Bocchini Gian Maria , Boncio Paolo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe investigated the Coulomb stress changes in the active faults surrounding a moderate‐magnitude normal‐faulting earthquake (2009 L'Aquila, Mw 6.3) and the associated variations in the expected ground motion on regional probabilistic seismic hazard maps. We show that the static stress variations can locally increase the seismic hazard by modifying the expected mean recurrence time on neighbouring faults by up to ~290 years, with associated variations in the probability of occurrence of the maximum expected earthquake of up to ~2%. Our findings suggest that the increase in seismic hazard on neighbouring faults following moderate‐magnitude earthquakes is probably not sufficient to necessitate systematic upgrades of regional probabilistic seismic hazard maps, but must be considered to better address and schedule strategies for local‐scale mitigation of seismic risk.
Rapidly growing non‐tuberculous mycobacterial infection in a renal transplant patient after alemtuzumab induction
Authors: Hazara A.M. , Edey M. , Roy A. , Bhandari S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRenal transplant recipients are at high risk of developing opportunistic infections particularly in the first 6 months after transplantation. Organisms causing such infections include rapidly growing non‐tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). Lymphocytes have a central role in combating mycobacterial infections. The use of lymphocyte‐depleting agents, such as alemtuzumab, in the renal transplant population has increased in recent years. A case of multifocal osteomyelitis caused by one of the NTM, Mycobacterium chelonae, in a renal transplant recipient, after alemtuzumab induction, is presented.
Encephalitis caused by human herpesvirus‐6B in pancreas‐after‐kidney transplantation
Authors: Yamamoto T. , Watarai Y. , Goto N. , Horikoshi Y. , Yamada S. , Yasui K. , Tsujita M. , Hiramitsu T. , Narumi S. , Katayama A. , Uchida K. , Kobayashi T. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHuman herpesvirus‐6 (HHV‐6) is a common pathogen among children, classically presenting with fever and rash that resolves without specific therapy. HHV‐6 can be reactivated in the immunosuppressed patient. After bone marrow and solid organ transplantation, HHV‐6 has been linked to various clinical syndromes, including undifferentiated febrile illness, encephalitis, myelitis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, and bone marrow suppression. However, HHV‐6 encephalitis after pancreatic transplant has rarely been reported. Early diagnosis and treatment of HHV‐6 encephalitis may be important for affected patients. We report the case of a 53‐year‐old pancreas‐after‐kidney transplant recipient who initially presented with high fever and confusion 3 weeks after operation. We managed to save the patient's life and preserve the pancreas graft function. We also review previously reported cases of HHV‐6B encephalitis in solid organ transplant recipients.
Improving malaria treatment and prevention in India by aiding district managers to manage their programmes with local information: a trial assessing the impact of Lot Quality Assurance Sampling on programme outcomes
Authors: Valadez Joseph J. , Devkota Baburam , Pradhan Madan Mohan , Meherda Pramod , Sonal G. S. , Dhariwal Akshay , Davis Rosemary 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectivesThis paper reports the first trial of Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) assessing associations between access to LQAS data and subsequent improvements in district programming. This trial concerns India's approach to addressing an increase in malaria‐attributable deaths by training community health workers to diagnose, treat and prevent malaria, while using LQAS to monitor sub‐district performance and make programme improvements.MethodsThe Ministry of Health introduced LQAS into four matched high malaria burden districts (Annual Parasite Incidence >5) (N > 5 million). In each sub‐district, we sampled four populations in three 6‐monthly surveys: households, children <5 years, people with fever in the last 2 weeks and community health workers. In three districts, trained local staff collected, analysed and used data for programme management; in one control district, non‐local staff collected data and did not disseminate results. For eight indicators, we calculated the change in proportion from survey one to three and used a Difference‐in‐Differences test to compare the relative change between intervention and control districts.ResultsCoverage increased from survey one to three for 24 of 32 comparisons. Difference‐in‐Differences tests revealed that intervention districts exhibited significantly greater change in four of six vertical strategies (insecticide treated bed‐nets and indoor residual spraying), one of six treatment‐seeking behaviours and four of 12 health worker capacity indicators. The control district displayed greater improvement than two intervention districts for one health worker capacity indicator. One district with poor management did not improve.ConclusionsIn this study, LQAS results appeared to support district managers to increase coverage in underperforming areas, especially for vertical strategies in the presence of diligent managers.
A systematic study of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in the A4GALT gene suggests a molecular genetic basis for the P1/P2 blood groups
Authors: Lai Yin‐Ju , Wu Wan‐Yi , Yang Chen‐Ming , Yang Li‐Rong , Chu Chen‐Chung , Chan Yung‐Syu , Lin Marie , Yu Lung‐Chih 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundThe molecular mechanism for the formation of the P1/P2 blood groups remains unsolved. It has been shown that the P1/P2 polymorphism is connected to the different A4GALT gene expression levels in P1 and P2 red blood cells.Study Design and MethodsThe present investigation conducted a pilot investigation that involved the detailed and stepwise screening of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the A4GALT gene, followed by a larger‐scale association study. The transcription‐inducing activity by the different genotypes of SNPs was analyzed using reporter assays.ResultsA total of 416 different SNP sites in the A4GALT genes from four P1 and four P2 individuals were analyzed in the pilot investigation, and 11 SNP sites, distributed in the A4GALT Intron 1 region, exhibited an association with the P1/P2 phenotypes. In the follow‐up association study, the genotypes at the 11 SNPs of a total of 338 individuals across four different ethnic populations were determined, and the results show that two SNPs, rs2143918 and rs5751348, are consistently associated with the P1/P2 phenotypes. Reporter assays demonstrated significantly higher transcription‐inducing activity by the SNPs bearing the P1‐allele genotype than by the SNPs bearing the P2‐allele genotype and that the difference in transcriptional activity was determined by the different genotypes at SNP rs5751348.ConclusionThe results of this investigation demonstrate a consistent association of A4GALT SNPs rs2143918 and rs5751348 with the P1/P2 phenotypes and suggest that SNP rs5751348 may lead to allelic variations in A4GALT gene expression and consequently leads to the formation of the P1/P2 phenotypes.
Evaluation of two point‐of‐care ethylene glycol tests for dogs
Authors: Creighton Karina J. , Koenigshof Amy M. , Weder Christian D. , Jutkowitz L. Ari 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate 2 point‐of‐care ethylene glycol (EG) tests in dogs.DesignProspective, randomized, blinded laboratory evaluation.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsTen healthy adult dogs.InterventionsJugular venipuncture and in vitro evaluation for detection of EG in canine blood.MeasurementsWhole blood samples were centrifuged and separated, and the plasma was divided into 30 aliquots. The aliquots were mixed with EG to provide EG concentrations ranging from 0 to 100 mg/dL. The EG concentration of each sample was confirmed using gas chromatography. For the VetSpec EG Qualitative Reagent Test Kit, 100 μL of each sample was added to test vials and compared with 20 and 50 mg/dL reference vials. For the Kacey EG Test Strips, 20 μL of each sample was added to the test circle and compared with the color chart provided by the manufacturer. For each test, samples were prepared in groups of 5 and presented in randomized order to 2 readers who were blinded to the presumed EG concentration. Samples were scored as negative, 20–50 mg/dL, or greater than 50 mg/dL. For each test, the sensitivity and specificity for detecting EG was calculated. Cohen's unweighted kappa coefficient was calculated to determine the degree of agreement between readers.Main ResultsFor detecting EG, the Kacey EG Test Strips had excellent sensitivity and specificity (both 100%) and good agreement between readers. The VetSpec EG Qualitative Reagent Test Kit was less sensitive and specific (65% and 70% for the first reader, 95% and 40% for the second) with less agreement.ConclusionsOf the 2 systems evaluated, the Kacey EG Test Strips displayed greater accuracy and ease of use.
On quotient structure of Takasaki quandles II
Authors: Bae Yongju , Kim Seongjeong 
Published: July 2014

A Takasaki quandle (T(G), *) is a quandle under the binary operation * defined by a*b = 2b-a for an abelian group (G, +). In this paper, we will show that if a subquandle X of a Takasaki quandle G is a image of subgroup of G under a quandle automorphism of T(G), then the set {X * g | g ∈ G} is a quandle under the binary operation *′ defined by (X * g) *′ (X * h) = X * (g * h). On the other hand, the quotient structure studied in [On quotients of quandles, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 19(9) (2010) 1145–1156] can be applied to the Takasaki quandles. In this paper, we will review the quotient structure studied in [On quotients of quandles, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 19(9) (2010) 1145–1156], and show that the quotient quandle coincides with the quotient quandle defined by Bunch, Lofgren, Rapp and Yetter in [On quotients of quandles, J. Knot Theory Ramifications 19(9) (2010) 1145–1156] for connected Takasaki quandles.
Validating ENSO Teleconnections on Southeastern U.S. Winter Hydrology
Authors: Nag Bappaditya , Misra V. , Bastola S. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this study, the authors contrast four century-long meteorological datasets comprising of two sets of observations [Climate Research Unit (CRU) and Parameter–Elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM)] and two atmospheric reanalyses [Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) and Florida Climate Institute–Florida State University Land–Atmosphere Regional Reanalysis version 1.0 (FLAReS1.0)] to diagnose the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) forced variations on the streamflow in 28 watersheds spread across the southeastern United States (SEUS). The datasets are used to force three different lumped (calibrated) hydrological models with precipitation from these four sources of century-long datasets separately to obtain the median prediction from 1800 (=3 models × 600 simulations per model per watershed per season) multimodel estimates of seasonal mean streamflow across the 28 watersheds in the SEUS for each winter season from 1906 to 2005. The authors then compare and contrast the mean streamflow and its variability estimates from all three of the century-long climate forcings. The multimodel strategy of simulating the seasonal mean streamflow is to reduce the hydrological model uncertainty. The authors focus on the boreal winter season when ENSO influence on the SEUS climate variations is well known.
The authors find that the atmospheric reanalysis over the SEUS is able to reasonably capture the ENSO teleconnections as depicted in the CRU and PRISM precipitation datasets. Even the observed decadal modulation of this teleconnection by Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) is broadly captured. The streamflow in the 28 watersheds also show similar consistency across the four datasets in that the positive correlations of the boreal winter Niño-3.4 SST anomalies with corresponding anomalies of streamflow, the associated shift in the probability density function of the streamflow with the change in phase of ENSO, and the decadal modulation of the ENSO teleconnection by the AMO are sustained in the streamflow simulations forced by all four climate datasets (CRU, PRISM, 20CR, and FLAReS1.0). However, the ENSO signal in the streamflow is consistently much stronger in the southern watersheds (over Florida) of the SEUS across all four climate datasets. During the negative phase of the AMO, however, there is a clear shift of the ENSO teleconnections with streamflow, with winter streamflows in northern watersheds (over the Carolinas) exhibiting much stronger correlations with the ENSO Niño-3.4 index relative to the southern watersheds of the SEUS. This study clearly indicates that the proposed methodology using FLAReS1.0 serves as a viable alternative to reconstruct twentieth-century SEUS seasonal winter hydrology that captures the interannual variations of ENSO and associated decadal variations forced by the AMO. However, it is found that the FLAReS1.0 forced streamflow is far from adequate in simulating the streamflow dynamics of the watershed over the SEUS at a daily time scale.
Mechanisms Governing the Persistence and Diurnal Cycle of a Heavy Rainfall Corridor
Authors: Trier Stanley B. , Davis Christopher A. , Carbone Richard E. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Observations and convection-permitting simulations are used to study a 12-day warm-season heavy precipitation corridor over the central U.S. plains and Mississippi River valley regions. Such precipitation corridors, defined by narrow latitudinal widths (~3°–4°) and only modest north–south drifts of their centroids (&lt;2° day−1), often yield extreme total precipitation (100–250 mm), resulting in both short-term and seasonal impacts on the regional hydrologic cycle.
The corridor precipitation is predominately nocturnal and located several hundred kilometers north of a quasi-stationary surface front. There, hot, dry air from the daytime boundary layer located underneath a persistent upper-level anticyclone requires large vertical displacements along the axis of the southerly low-level jet (LLJ) above the front to eliminate convection inhibition (CIN). Composites reveal ~500 J kg−1 of average convective available potential energy (CAPE) when this air reaches the southern edge of the precipitation corridor. Despite the relatively modest CAPE, convection is favored by the large reductions in CIN along the vertical displacements and by high ambient midtropospheric relative humidity located above, which is influenced by persistent nightly convection in the region.
Though internal feedbacks resulting from the large nightly spatial coherence of convection (including enhanced midtropospheric relative humidities and frontogenetic daytime sensible heat flux gradients owing to residual cloudiness) are favorable for maintaining the corridor, its persistence is most sensitive to large-scale external factors. Here, changes to the intensity and position of the large-synoptic upper-tropospheric anticyclone are associated with changes in the frequency of strong LLJs and the surface frontal position, dramatically affecting the intensity and stationarity of the precipitation corridor.
Objective Inference for Climate Parameters: Bayesian, Transformation-of-Variables, and Profile Likelihood Approaches
Authors: Lewis Nicholas 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Insight is provided into the use of objective-Bayesian methods for estimating climate sensitivity by considering their relationship to transformations of variables in the context of a simple case considered in a previous study, and some misunderstandings about Bayesian inference are discussed. A simple model in which climate sensitivity (S) and effective ocean heat diffusivity (Kυ) are the only parameters varied is used, with twentieth-century warming attributable to greenhouse gases (AW) and effective ocean heat capacity (HC) being the only data-based observables. Probability density functions (PDFs) for AW and HC are readily derived that represent valid independent objective-Bayesian posterior PDFs, provided the error distribution assumptions involved in their construction are justified. Using them, a standard transformation of variables provides an objective joint posterior PDF for S and Kυ; integrating out Kυ gives a marginal PDF for S. Close parametric approximations to the PDFs for AW and HC are obtained, enabling derivation of likelihood functions and related noninformative priors that give rise to the objective posterior PDFs that were computed initially. Bayes’s theorem is applied to the derived AW and HC likelihood functions, demonstrating the effect of differing prior distributions on PDFs for S. Use of the noninformative Jeffreys prior produces an identical PDF to that derived using the transformation-of-variables approach. It is shown that similar inference for S to that based on these two alternative objective-Bayesian approaches is obtained using a profile likelihood method on the derived joint likelihood function for AW and HC.