bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degrees of Inclusion: Free Movement of Labour and the Unionization of Migrant Workers in the European Union
Authors: Thomas Adrien 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article discusses the shifting boundaries of inclusion and exclusion of migrant workers in trade unions. Drawing on the example of Luxembourg, an EU Member State with a long history of international migrations, the article examines the relationship between free movement of labour and the unionization of migrant workers before analysing the degree to which migrant workers’ access to social rights is accompanied by their access to effective decision‐making rights in trade unions. Trade unions have used European regulations on the free movement of labour as a legal infrastructure to develop services for migrant workers. At the same time, the free movement of labour and equality of treatment have come to permeate trade union strategies and rhetoric. However, with regard to the inclusion of migrant workers in decision‐making processes and access to leadership positions, numerous obstacles to effective participation by migrant workers persist.
Trajectories of Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Mexican Americans
Authors: Rote Sunshine , Chen Nai‐Wei , Markides Kyriakos 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo identify depressive symptom trajectories and factors associated with trajectory group membership in the very old segment of the rapidly growing and long‐living Mexican‐American population.DesignLatent growth curve modeling was used to identify depressive symptom trajectories and multinomial logistic regression to identify factors associated with trajectory group membership.SettingData spanning three waves and 7 years (2004–05, 2007–08, 2010–11) drawn from the Hispanic Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly; homes of Mexican‐origin elderly adults.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling Mexican Americans aged 75 and older living in the southwestern United States (N = 1,487).MeasurementsThe 20‐item version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.ResultsThree trajectory groups were identified: low throughout, increasing, and high but decreasing. Activity of daily living disability was the strongest predictor of depressive symptoms, followed by social support. Foreign‐born individuals were at greater risk than those who are U.S. born for high but decreasing depressive symptoms than for low depressive symptoms.ConclusionEarly detection and treatment of chronic disabling conditions, especially heart disease, cancer, visual impairment, and cognitive impairment, and increasing access to social participation should be the focus of treatment and intervention strategies for depression in very old Mexican Americans.
Treatment of acute stroke: an update
Authors: Mikulik R. , Wahlgren N. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractStroke is the second leading cause of global mortality after coronary heart disease, and a major cause of neurological disability. About 17 million strokes occur worldwide each year. Patients with stroke often require long‐term rehabilitation following the acute phase, with ongoing support from the community and nursing home care. Thus, stroke is a devastating disease and a major economic burden on society. In this overview, we discuss current strategies for specific treatment of stroke in the acute phase, focusing on intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. We will consider two important issues related to intravenous thrombolysis treatments: (i) how to shorten the delay between stroke onset and treatment and (ii) how to reduce the risk of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage. Intravenous thrombolysis has been approved treatment for acute ischaemic stroke in most countries for more than 10 years, with rapid development towards new treatment strategies during that time. Mechanical thrombectomy using a new generation of endovascular tools, stent retrievers, is found to improve functional outcome in combination with pharmacological thrombolysis when indicated. There is an urgent need to increase public awareness of how to recognize a stroke and seek immediate attention from the healthcare system, as well as shorten delays in prehospital and within‐hospital settings.
Reporting quality of randomised controlled trials published in prosthodontic and implantology journals
Authors: Kloukos D. , Papageorgiou S. N. , Doulis I. , Petridis H. , Pandis N. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to examine the reporting quality of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in prosthodontic and implantology journals. Thirty issues of nine journals in prosthodontics and implant dentistry were searched for RCTs, covering the years 2005–2012: The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, The International Journal of Prosthodontics, The International Journal of Periodontics & Restorative Dentistry, Clinical Oral Implants Research, Clinical Implant Dentistry & Related Research, The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants, Implant Dentistry and Journal of Dentistry. The reporting quality was assessed using a modified Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement checklist. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics followed by univariable and multivariable examination of statistical associations (α = 0·05). A total of 147 RCTs were identified with a mean CONSORT score of 69·4 (s.d. = 9·7). Significant differences were found among journals with the Journal of Oral Rehabilitation achieving the highest score (80·6, s.d. = 5·5) followed by Clinical Oral Implants Research (73·7, s.d. = 8·3). Involvement of a statistician/methodologist was significantly associated with increased CONSORT scores. Overall, the reporting quality of RCTs in major prosthodontic and implantology journals requires improvement. This is of paramount importance considering that optimal reporting of RCTs is an important prerequisite for clinical decision‐making.
The feasibility of using crime scene behaviour to detect versatile serial offenders: An empirical test of behavioural consistency, distinctiveness, and discrimination accuracy
Authors: Tonkin Matthew , Woodhams Jessica 
Published: June 2015

PurposeTo test whether geographical, temporal, and modus operandi (MO) crime scene behaviours can be used to support behavioural case linkage (BCL) with crime series that contain several different types of offence.MethodsCrime scene data relating to 749 solved commercial burglaries and robberies were extracted from the databases of the Metropolitan Police Service, London, England. From these data, 2,231 linked crime pairs (containing two crimes committed by the same offender) and 273,422 unlinked crime pairs were created (two crimes committed by different offenders). Three measures of similarity were calculated for each crime pair: (1) the kilometre distance between crimes (intercrime distance [ICD]); (2) the number of days between crimes (temporal proximity [TP]); and (3) a statistical measure of similarity in MO behaviour (Jaccard's coefficient). Statistical tests of difference, binary leave‐one‐out logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to determine whether the three measures of similarity could be used to distinguish between linked and unlinked crime pairs, some containing only burglaries (burglary pairs), some containing only robberies (robbery pairs), and some containing both burglaries and robberies (cross‐crime pairs).ResultsLinked and unlinked crime pairs could be distinguished with a high level of accuracy (AUCs > .90), with the highest accuracy when combining ICD, TP, and Jaccard's coefficient. These findings were replicated with the burglary pairs, robbery pairs, and cross‐crime pairs.ConclusionsOffender behaviour is sufficiently consistent and distinctive to support the use of BCL with versatile crime series, as well as with burglary crime series and robbery crime series.
Macroscopic hematuria caused by congenital portosystemic shunt and concomitant nutcracker syndrome
Authors: Lee Sang Hyub , Lee Dong‐Gi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNutcracker syndrome (NCS) is an uncommon vascular abnormality that causes a variety of symptoms that range from asymptomatic microscopic hematuria to severe pelvic congestion. Congenital portosystemic shunt (CPSS) is an extremely rare anomaly that causes serious complications. Many cases of NCS and CPSS that have presented separately have been reported, but no cases of concomitant NCS and CPSS have been reported. We present a case of intermittent macroscopic hematuria in a patient with both NCS and CPSS. We diagnosed NCS on pressure gradient between the left renal vein (LRV) and the inferior vena cava. The presence of CPSS, which emerged from the LRV and connected to the extrahepatic portal vein, was confirmed on computed tomography. The interaction between NCS and CPSS resulted in mild intermittent macroscopic hematuria only, rather than the more common symptoms that occur when NCS or CPSS present separately.
Waving or Drowning: An Exploration of Adaptive Strategies Amongst Fishing Households and Implications for Wellbeing Outcomes
Authors: Coulthard Sarah , Britton Easkey 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSocial adaptation is often touted as a desirable and necessary response to continued decline in the fisheries sector, however little is currently understood about the impacts of adaptive strategies on people's broader sense of ‘wellbeing’, or how the spread of impacts affect people in different ways. This article draws from research in Northern Ireland to explore the types of adaptation strategising that takes place within fishing households, and to specifically address how such strategies interplay with the wellbeing of people affected. We demonstrate some of the hard choices that arise through becoming adaptive, and discuss how the costs of adaptation are sometimes disproportionality born by particular individuals, especially women. We argue that greater consideration of the impacts of adaptation on wellbeing can give useful insights into why some people thrive, whilst others struggle, and can point to opportunities to strengthen both resilient and wellbeing outcomes.
Getting into Fishing: Recruitment and Social Resilience in North Norfolk's ‘Cromer Crab’ Fishery, UK
Authors: White Carole Sandrine 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe intergenerational continuity of fishing communities is a growing concern for the sustainability of small‐scale fisheries around Europe. This is exemplified through the case of an English crab fishery where young people are being encouraged into fishing through funded training programmes with limited success. Opportunities for work have declined, most notably through a reduction in crew size to save costs. Interviews with fishermen of different ages are explored using access theory to elucidate how the social reproduction of fishing has changed. This shows how the agency of young aspiring fishermen is increasingly constrained by regulatory and financial factors. Improved social and spatial mobility among fishing families mean that recruitment into the fishery through a father‐to‐son pathway is increasingly uncommon. Youngsters from non‐fishing families face additional financial and relational barriers. Funded courses alone cannot provide a solution. A holistic approach to rural coastal development is required to build social resilience in fishing communities across Europe faced with similar problems.
Online Social Networks, Location, and the Dual Effect of Distance from the Centre
Authors: Lengyel Balázs , Jakobi Ákos 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOnline social networks (OSN) are major platforms of ICT‐enabled communication, supporting place‐independent social life. However, recent findings suggest that the geographical location of users strongly affects network topology. Therefore, OSNs may be simultaneously related to locations and also unlocked from offline geographies. Our paper addresses this dual‐faced phenomenon, analysing the location‐specific effect on OSN diffusion and OSN usage. Findings on iWiW (International Who Is Who), the leading OSN in Hungary in the 2000s with more than 4 million users, suggest that the rate of users (proxy for OSN diffusion) is positively associated with the geographical proximity of Budapest, the foremost urban centre in the country. On the contrary, the average number of connections (proxy for OSN usage) is independent of the geographical proximity of the capital, and it is even higher in peripheral regions when controlling for other offline factors.
In-Frame Deletions Allow Functional Characterization of Complex Cellulose Degradation Phenotypes in Cellvibrio japonicus
Authors: Nelson Cassandra E. , Gardner Jeffrey G. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

The depolymerization of the recalcitrant polysaccharides found in lignocellulose has become an area of intense interest due to the role of this process in global carbon cycling, human gut microbiome nutritional contributions, and bioenergy production. However, underdeveloped genetic tools have hampered study of bacterial lignocellulose degradation, especially outside model organisms. In this report, we describe an in-frame deletion strategy for the Gram-negative lignocellulose-degrading bacterium
Cellvibrio japonicus
. This method leverages optimized growth conditions for conjugation and
sacB
counterselection for the generation of markerless in-frame deletions. This method produces mutants in as few as 8 days and allows for the ability to make multiple gene deletions per strain. It is also possible to remove large sections of the genome, as shown in this report with the deletion of the nine-gene (9.4-kb)
gsp
operon in
C. japonicus.
We applied this system to study the complex phenotypes of cellulose degradation in
C. japonicus
. Our data indicated that a Δ
cel5B
Δ
cel6A
double mutant is crippled for cellulose utilization, more so than by either single mutation alone. Additionally, we deleted individual genes in the two-gene
cbp2ED
operon and showed that both genes contribute to cellulose degradation in
C. japonicus
. Overall, these described techniques substantially enhance the utility of
C. japonicus
as a model system to study lignocellulose degradation.
Environmental Factors Associated with High Fly Densities and Diarrhea in Vellore, India
Authors: Collinet-Adler Stefan , Babji Sudhir , Francis Mark , Kattula Deepthi , Premkumar Prasanna Samuel , Sarkar Rajiv , Mohan Venkat Ragava , Ward Honorine , Kang Gagandeep , Balraj Vinohar , Naumova Elena N. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Diarrhea causes significant morbidity and mortality in Indian children under 5 years of age. Flies carry enteric pathogens and may mediate foodborne infections. In this study, we characterized fly densities as a determinant of infectious diarrhea in a longitudinal cohort of 160 urban and 80 rural households with 1,274 individuals (27% under 5 years of age) in Vellore, India. Household questionnaires on living conditions were completed at enrollment. Fly abundance was measured during the wet and dry seasons using fly ribbons placed in kitchens. PCRs for enteric bacteria, viruses, and protozoa were performed on 60 fly samples. Forty-three (72%) fly samples were positive for the following pathogens: norovirus (50%),
Salmonella
spp. (46.7%), rotavirus (6.7%), and
Escherichia coli
(6.7%). Ninety-one episodes of diarrhea occurred (89% in children under 5 years of age). Stool pathogens isolated in 24 of 77 (31%) samples included
E. coli
,
Shigella
spp.,
Vibrio
spp.,
Giardia
,
Cryptosporidium
, and rotavirus. Multivariate log-linear models were used to explore the relationships between diarrhea and fly densities, controlling for demographics, hygiene, and human-animal interactions. Fly abundance was 6 times higher in rural than urban sites (
P
< 0.0001). Disposal of garbage close to homes and rural living were significant risk factors for high fly densities. The presence of latrines was protective against high fly densities and diarrhea. The adjusted relative risks of diarrheal episodes and duration of diarrhea, associated with fly density at the 75th percentile, were 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03 to 1.34) and 1.15 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.29), respectively. Flies harbored enteric pathogens, including norovirus, a poorly documented pathogen on flies.
The Peptidoglycan-Binding Protein SjcF1 Influences Septal Junction Function and Channel Formation in the Filamentous Cyanobacterium
Anabaena
Authors: Rudolf Mareike , Tetik Nalan , Ramos-León Félix , Flinner Nadine , Ngo Giang , Stevanovic Mara , Burnat Mireia , Pernil Rafael , Flores Enrique , Schleiff Enrico 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Filamentous, heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria exchange nutrients and regulators between cells for diazotrophic growth. Two alternative modes of exchange have been discussed involving transport either through the periplasm or through septal junctions linking adjacent cells. Septal junctions and channels in the septal peptidoglycan are likely filled with septal junction complexes. While possible proteinaceous factors involved in septal junction formation, SepJ (FraG), FraC, and FraD, have been identified, little is known about peptidoglycan channel formation and septal junction complex anchoring to the peptidoglycan. We describe a factor, SjcF1, involved in regulation of septal junction channel formation in the heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium
Anabaena
sp. strain PCC 7120. SjcF1 interacts with the peptidoglycan layer through two peptidoglycan-binding domains and is localized throughout the cell periphery but at higher levels in the intercellular septa. A strain with an insertion in
sjcF1
was not affected in peptidoglycan synthesis but showed an altered morphology of the septal peptidoglycan channels, which were significantly wider in the mutant than in the wild type. The mutant was impaired in intercellular exchange of a fluorescent probe to a similar extent as a
sepJ
deletion mutant. SjcF1 additionally bears an SH3 domain for protein-protein interactions. SH3 binding domains were identified in SepJ and FraC, and evidence for interaction of SjcF1 with both SepJ and FraC was obtained. SjcF1 represents a novel protein involved in structuring the peptidoglycan layer, which links peptidoglycan channel formation to septal junction complex function in multicellular cyanobacteria. Nonetheless, based on its subcellular distribution, this might not be the only function of SjcF1.

IMPORTANCE
Cell-cell communication is central not only for eukaryotic but also for multicellular prokaryotic systems. Principles of intercellular communication are well established for eukaryotes, but the mechanisms and components involved in bacteria are just emerging. Filamentous heterocyst-forming cyanobacteria behave as multicellular organisms and represent an excellent model to study prokaryotic cell-cell communication. A path for intercellular metabolite exchange appears to involve transfer through molecular structures termed septal junctions. They are reminiscent of metazoan gap junctions that directly link adjacent cells. In cyanobacteria, such structures need to traverse the peptidoglycan layers in the intercellular septa of the filament. Here we describe a factor involved in the formation of channels across the septal peptidoglycan layers, thus contributing to the multicellular behavior of these organisms.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Transcriptional Landscape Is Shaped by Environmental Heterogeneity and Genetic Variation
Authors: Dötsch Andreas , Schniederjans Monika , Khaledi Ariane , Hornischer Klaus , Schulz Sebastian , Bielecka Agata , Eckweiler Denitsa , Pohl Sarah , Häussler Susanne 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Phenotypic variability among bacteria depends on gene expression in response to different environments, and it also reflects differences in genomic structure. In this study, we analyzed transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) profiles of 151
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
clinical isolates under standard laboratory conditions and of one
P. aeruginosa
type strain under 14 different environmental conditions. Our approach allowed dissection of the impact of the genetic background versus environmental cues on
P. aeruginosa
gene expression profiles and revealed that phenotypic variation was larger in response to changing environments than between genomically different isolates. We demonstrate that mutations within the global regulator LasR affect more than one trait (pleiotropy) and that the interaction between mutations (epistasis) shapes the
P. aeruginosa
phenotypic plasticity landscape. Because of pleiotropic and epistatic effects, average genotype and phenotype measures appeared to be uncorrelated in
P. aeruginosa
.

IMPORTANCE
This work links experimental data of unprecedented complexity with evolution theory and delineates the transcriptional landscape of the opportunistic pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. We found that gene expression profiles are most strongly influenced by environmental cues, while at the same time the transcriptional profiles were also shaped considerably by genetic variation within global regulators. The comprehensive set of transcriptomic and genomic data of more than 150 clinical
P. aeruginosa
isolates will be made publically accessible to all researchers via a dedicated web interface. Both
Pseudomonas
specialists interested in expression and regulation of specific genes and researchers from other fields with more global interest in the phenotypic and genotypic variation of this important model species can access all information on various levels of detail.
Athletic groin pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis of surgical versus physical therapy rehabilitation outcomes
Authors: King E , Ward J , Small L , Falvey E , Franklyn-Miller A 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundAthletic groin pain (AGP) is an encompassing term for the multitude of chronic conditions presenting as pain in the inguinal region. The purpose of this review was to compare the return to play rates (RTPrate) and return to play times (RTPtime) between surgical and rehabilitation interventions in the treatment of AGP.MethodsA systematic review of English language peer review journals was carried out between 1980 to June 2013 using PubMed, Embase, CINHAL and Google Scholar searching for all papers relating to AGP (and its various pseudonyms) and all surgical and rehabilitative interventions which reported RTPrate and/or RTPtime. AGP literature has been subdivided by many eponymous diagnoses but anatomical diagnostic groupings of (1) abdominal wall, (2) adductor and (3) pubic related pain were used in this review. Meta-analysis was then carried out on the data to compare results between the surgical and rehabilitation groups.ResultsFifty-six papers out of the 561 discovered in the initial search were included in the review with 3332 athletes included. Evidence was mostly level IV. Using the Black and Downs checklist we found poor study quality overall with a high risk of bias especially among surgical studies. The results showed comparable RTPrate between surgical and rehabilitative interventions within the three diagnostic groups. Rehabilitation had significantly quicker RTPtime for pubic related groin pain compared to surgery (10.5 weeks and 23.1 weeks respectively). The abdominal group had the fastest return of the three groups for the rehabilitation and surgery.ConclusionsThe review suggested better outcomes with rehabilitation for pubic-related groin pain with no difference between the adductor and abdominal groups. The review highlighted the poor quality and risk of bias in the literature making accurate comparison difficult.