bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of soft tissue changes around the lips after bracket debonding using three-dimensional stereophotogrammetry
Authors: Kim Young-Kyun , Lee Nam-Ki , Moon Sang-Woon , Jang Moon-Jung , Kim Hyun-Suk , Yun Pil-Young 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To evaluate the changes in soft tissue around the lips after orthodontic bracket debonding using three-dimensional (3-D) stereophotogrammetry.

Materials and Methods:
3-D facial images of 20 subjects (10 men and 10 women; mean age, 26.81 ± 7.23 years) were taken with a white light scanner before and after debonding the labial brackets. Two images acquired from each subject were superimposed, and 15 soft tissue landmarks around the lips were plotted and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using both paired and independent t-tests (P &lt; .05).

Results:
There were no significant changes in position of any landmark on the x (left-right)- or y (vertical)-axes after removal of the brackets. However, the landmarks in the oral commissures and lower lip (LLP, −0.55 mm; Li, −0.44 mm; Ch-L, −0.56 mm, all P &lt; .05) on the z (anteroposterior)-axis showed statistically significant differences. There were no significant positional changes of most landmarks on the x-, y-, or z- axes after bracket removal among the various genders and lip thicknesses.

Conclusions:
There was a slight retrusion in the oral commissure and lower lip areas after debonding, but no changes were found in the upper lip area. This study showed that 3-D stereophotogrammetry can be useful in evaluating facial soft tissue changes in orthodontic patients.
The Relation Between HbA1c and Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With and Without Vascular Disease
Authors: Kranenburg Guido , van der Graaf Yolanda , van der Leeuw Joep , Nathoe Hendrik M.W. , de Borst Gert Jan , Kappelle L. Jaap , Visseren Frank L.J. , Westerink Jan 
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE
Poor glycemic control is related to vascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes, but the presence of vascular disease might influence this relation. We evaluated the relation between glycemic control (HbA1c level) and new cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes, with and without vascular disease.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In a cohort of 1,687 patients with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Second Manifestations of Arterial Disease (SMART) study, the continuous relation between HbA1c and cardiovascular events (composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and vascular mortality) and all-cause mortality was evaluated with Cox proportional hazard analyses stratified for the presence of vascular disease.

RESULTS
During a median follow-up time of 6.1 years (interquartile range 3.1–9.5 years), a new cardiovascular event developed in 293 patients and 340 patients died. In all patients, the hazard ratio (HR) of the relation between HbA1c level and cardiovascular events was 1.06 (95% CI 0.97–1.17). A 1 percentage point higher HbA1c level was related to a 27% higher risk of a cardiovascular event in patients with type 2 diabetes without vascular disease (HR 1.27 [95% CI 1.06–1.51]), but not in patients with vascular disease (HR 1.03 [95% CI 0.93–1.15], P for interaction = 0.195). A 1 percentage point higher HbA1c level was related to a 16% higher risk of death (HR 1.16 [95% CI 1.06–1.28]) in patients with vascular disease and a nonsignificant 13% higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.13 [95% CI 0.97–1.31]) in patients without vascular disease.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with type 2 diabetes, there is a modest, but not statistically significant, relation between HbA1c level and cardiovascular events, and, as there was no statistically significant interaction, this relation was not different for patients with or without clinical manifestation of vascular disease.
Use of an α-Glucosidase Inhibitor and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Patients With Diabetes: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: Tseng Yao-Hsien , Tsan Yu-Tse , Chan Wei-Cheng , Sheu Wayne Huey-Herng , Chen Pau-Chung 
Published: August 2015

OBJECTIVE
Acarbose, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, has been shown to have antineoplastic effects on colorectal cancer in biomarker studies. We assessed the association between acarbose use in patients with diabetes and incident colorectal cancer.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a nationwide, population-based study using a large cohort with diabetes in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients with newly diagnosed diabetes (n = 1,343,484) were enrolled between 1998 and 2010. One control subject not using acarbose was randomly selected for each subject using acarbose after matching for age, sex, diabetes onset, and comorbidities. Cox proportional hazards regression with a competing risks analysis was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for the association between acarbose use and incident colorectal cancer for each eligible case-control pair (n = 199,296).

RESULTS
There were 1,332 incident cases of colorectal cancer in the cohort with diabetes during the follow-up period of 1,487,136 person-years. The overall incidence rate was 89.6 cases per 100,000 person-years. Patients treated with acarbose had a 27% reduction in the risk of colorectal cancer compared with control subjects. The adjusted HRs were 0.73 (95% CI 0.63–0.83), 0.69 (0.59–0.82), and 0.46 (0.37–0.58) for patients using &gt;0 to &lt;90, 90 to 364, and ≥365 cumulative defined daily doses of acarbose, respectively, compared with subjects who did not use acarbose (P for trend &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Acarbose use reduced the risk of incident colorectal cancer in patients with diabetes in a dose-dependent manner.
Attenuation of the pressor response to exogenous angiotensin by angiotensin receptor blockers and benazepril hydrochloride in clinically normal cats
Authors: Jenkins Tiffany L. , Coleman Amanda E. , Schmiedt Chad W. , Brown Scott A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the attenuation of the angiotensin I–induced blood pressure response by once-daily oral administration of various doses of angiotensin receptor blockers (irbesartan, telmisartan, and losartan), benazepril hydrochloride, or lactose monohydrate (placebo) for 8 days in clinically normal cats.
ANIMALS 6 healthy cats (approx 17 months old) with surgically implanted arterial telemetric blood pressure–measuring catheters.
PROCEDURES Cats were administered orally the placebo or each of the drug treatments (benazepril [2.5 mg/cat], irbesartan [6 and 10 mg/kg], telmisartan [0.5, 1, and 3 mg/kg], and losartan [2.5 mg/kg]) once daily for 8 days in a crossover study. Approximately 90 minutes after capsule administration on day 8, each cat was anesthetized and arterial blood pressure measurements were recorded before and after IV administration of each of 4 boluses of angiotensin I (20, 100, 500, and 1,000 ng/kg). This protocol was repeated 24 hours after benazepril treatment and telmisartan (3 mg/kg) treatment. Differences in the angiotensin I–induced change in systolic arterial blood pressure (ΔSBP) among treatments were determined.
RESULTS At 90 minutes after capsule administration, only losartan did not significantly reduce ΔSBP in response to the 3 higher angiotensin doses, compared with placebo. Among drug treatments, telmisartan (3 mg/kg dosage) attenuated ΔSBP to a significantly greater degree than benazepril and all other treatments. At 24 hours, telmisartan was more effective than benazepril (mean ± SEM ΔSBP, 15.7 ± 1.9 mm Hg vs 55.9 ± 12.42 mm Hg, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that telmisartan administration may have advantages over benazepril administration for cats with renal or cardiovascular disease.
Comparison of the characteristics and multipotential and in vivo cartilage formation capabilities between porcine adipose-derived stem cells and porcine skin-derived stem cell–like cells
Authors: Hwang In-Sun , Bae Hyo-Kyung , Cheong Hee-Tae 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the characteristics and multipotential and in vivo cartilage formation capabilities of porcine adipose-derived stem cells (pASCs) with those of porcine skin-derived stem cell–like cells (pSSCs).
ANIMALS Three 6-month-old female pigs and four 6-week-old female athymic mice.
PROCEDURES Adipose and skin tissue specimens were obtained from each pig following slaughter and digested to obtain pASCs and pSSCs. For each cell type, flow cytometry and reverse transcription PCR assays were performed to characterize the expression of cell surface and mesenchymal stem cell markers, and in vitro cell cultures were performed to determine the adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic capabilities. Each cell type was then implanted into athymic mice to determine the extent of in vivo cartilage formation after 6 weeks.
RESULTS The cell surface and mesenchymal stem cell marker expression patterns, multipotential capability, and extent of in vivo cartilage formation did not differ significantly between pASCs and pSSCs.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that pSSCs may be a viable alternative to pASCs as a source of progenitor cells for tissue engineering in regenerative medicine.
Estimation of glomerular filtration rate in dogs by a single-blood sample method involving iodixanol
Authors: Sasaki Yui , Iwama Ryosuke , Shimamura Shunsuke , Katayama Masaaki , Uzuka Yuji , Yabe Koichi , Takasuna Kiyoshi , Satoh Hiroshi , Furuhama Kazuhisa 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish a simplified single-blood-sample method (SBSM) involving iodixanol to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in dogs and compare data provided by that procedure with data provided by a conventional multiple-blood-sample method (MBSM) involving inulin.
ANIMALS 26 healthy dogs and 36 dogs with naturally occurring renal disease.
PROCEDURES Dogs were used in various preliminary experiments to establish protocols for the SBSM and the MBSM of GFR estimation. To evaluate the relationship between GFRs obtained by the SBSM and the MBSM each involving iodixanol, iodixanol (40 mg of I/kg) was administered IV to 26 healthy dogs and 36 dogs with renal disease; blood sample collection was performed before and at 60, 90, and 120 minutes after the injection. To evaluate the relationship between GFRs obtained by the SBSM involving iodixanol and the MBSM involving inulin, iodixanol (40 mg of I/kg) and inulin (50 mg/kg) were coadministered IV to 22 healthy dogs and 3 dogs with renal disease, followed by blood sample collection 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes later. Serum iodixanol and inulin concentrations were separately determined by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.
RESULTS Findings revealed a correlation (r = 0.99) between GFR estimated by the SBSM and MBSM each involving iodixanol. Likewise, GFR estimated by the SBSM involving iodixanol was correlated (r = 0.89) with that estimated by the MBSM involving inulin.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that the SBSM involving iodixanol can be applied to estimate GFR in dogs, instead of use of an MBSM.
Expression of microRNA-132 in patient with liver cancer and mediation of microRNA-132 on cell growth of liver cancer cell
Authors: Liu Li-Wei , Zhu Li-Xin , Liu Bo 
Published: August 2015

<p class="Abstract">We detected the expression of microRNA-132 in Chinese patient with liver cancer and evaluated down-regulation of microRNA-132 affect on cell growth and apoptotic of liver cancer cell. Twenty four patients with liver cancer and 24 normal patients were obtained from the 105<sup>th</sup> hospital of People’s Liberation Army. We measured the expression of microRNA-132 in all selected patients using quantitative RTPCR (qRT-PCR). Lastly, cell growth and apoptotic of liver cancer Human liver cancer MHCC97H cells after anti-microRNA-132 transfection were evaluated using CCK‑8 solution and annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide kit. There was significant suppression in microRNA-132 expression of exosome and whose liver cancer cell, comparison with normal patients. Down-regulation of microRNA-132 could inhibit cell growth and activated apoptotic of liver cancer cell. These findings indicate that microRNA-132 provides increased sensitivity of detection than normal patients. MicroRNA-132 may serve as a potential biomarker for treatment on liver cancer.</p><p> </p>
Hepatitis C, Disease and Its Management: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of the New Generation Oral Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Arshad Mahreen , Wei Feifei , Nelsen David A 
Published: August 2015

Background Hepatitis C, caused by a single-stranded RNA virus, has become a global health problem. Infecting millions of individuals in the United States alone, chronic HCV infection can lead to devastating medical problems including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. These problems create millions of dollars in health-care costs for treatment and management. This study determines the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis C treatment with the new generation of oral protease inhibitors. Methods A Markov model was constructed to simulate the progression of genotype-1 chronic hepatitis C disease in a cohort of 50-year-old patients. A decision tree, along with the Markov model, was then used to determine duration of disease, treatment success, progression of disease and mortality. At the end of each stage in the model, the cost and quality-adjusted life years (QALY) were summed for each individual. These were then used to calculate the overall cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) using QALY as the unit of effectiveness. Four treatment options were modelled: sofosbuvir with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin (SOF/PEG-IFN+RBV), sofosbuvir with ribavirin (SOF/RBV), simeprevir with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin (SMV/ PEG-IFN+RBV) and simeprevir with sofosbuvir (SMV/SOF). Results SOF/PEG-IFN+RBV yielded a CER ratio of $6,796.22/QALY, SMV/PEG-IFN+RBV of $7,642.60/QALY and SMV/SOF of $8,959.11/QALY. SOF/RBV had a higher CER of $16,295.30/QALY. It is important to note however that SMV/SOF had the highest QALY at 19.08. Conclusions After consideration of quality of life, treatment regimens and treatment side effects, the SMV/SOF regimen yields acceptable cost-effectiveness ratios with high QALY.
Efectividad de dos Formulaciones de Clethodim en el Control de Gramíneas y su Antagonismo con Bentazon
Authors: Espinoza Valdéz Elvis Erbuins , Pitty Abelino , Trabanino Rogelio 
Published: August 2015

Los objetivos fueron evaluar la eficacia de las formulaciones Icasso 24 EC y Arrow 12 EC del herbicida Clethodim y determinar el antagonismo de ambas formulaciones con Bentazon. En dos experimentos se evaluó el control de malezas gramíneas y la fitotoxicidad al frijol, y en otro se evaluó el antagonismo al mezclar en el tanque el Clethodim (120 g de ingrediente activo por hectárea) con Bentazon (1,440 g de ingrediente activo por hectárea). En todos los experimentos se aplicó con una bomba de mochila de acero inoxidable modelo Tpresurizada con CO2 a una presión de 35 psi, un aguilón de 2 m de ancho con cuatro boquillas de abanico plano. En todos los ensayos se usó un diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar y ninguno de los resultados de los testigos sin aplicación de herbicida, se usó en el análisis estadístico. La separación de medias fue con la prueba Duncan al 5%. En el primer ensayo, a las 2 semanas después de la aplicación, la formulación Icasso 24 EC tuvo 86% de control y para Arrow 12 EC fue 73%, ambas se aplicaron a 96 g del ingrediente activo por hectárea. En el segundo ensayo a las 3 semanas después de la aplicación, usando 96 g de ingrediente activo por hectárea, el control con Icasso 24 EC fue 40% y con Arrow 12 EC 33%, al aumentar la dosis a 120 g el control fue 45% con Icasso 24 EC y 36% Arrow 12 EC. El control fue mayor con Icasso 24 EC, que con Arrow 12 EC, por lo tanto, se atribuye la diferencia en el control de malezas a la formulación del herbicida, ya que los fabricantes añaden ingredientes inertes diferentes y algunos aumentan la eficacia del herbicida. En ninguna evaluación las formulaciones causaron fitotoxicidad al frijol. Esto indica que ninguna de las formulaciones ni los ingredientes inertes dañan al frijol. La evaluación del antagonismo fue un factorial y hubo diferencia estadística en el control entre las formulaciones y cuando las formulaciones se aplicaron solas o mezcladas con Bentazon. En ninguna evaluación hubo interacción, lo que indica que los factores (formulación y la mezcla con Bentazon) actúan independientemente. A las 3 semanas después de la aplicación, al mezclar Bentazon con Icasso 24 EC el control se redujo de 74 a 25%, una reducción de 66%. Al mezclar Bentazon con Arrow 12 EC el control se redujo de 60 a 11%, una reducción de 82%. El Bentazon es antagonista a las dos formulaciones, pero hubo mayor antagonismo o reducción en el control con Arrow 12 EC que con Icasso 24 EC.Ceiba, 2012. Volumen 53(1):57-64
Tentative de renouvellement de l’approche méthodologique en marketing social : l’apport de la MTE dans un effort de sensibilisation des jeunes conducteurs québécois à la problématique de l’alcool au volant
Authors: Boivin1 Maxime 
Published: August 2015

L’intégration de la méthodologie de la théorisation enracinée (MTE) à la recherche en marketing social, et plus particulièrement en sécurité routière, est une orientation méthodologique plutôt récente. Nous croyons pourtant que cette approche, qui est à l’antithèse de l’approche hypothético-déductive traditionnellement répandue dans ce domaine, est la plus appropriée pour nous permettre de répondre à la question suivante : comment sensibiliser et éduquer les jeunes conducteurs québécois de 18 à 24 ans aux problèmes de l’alcool au volant? L’approche de la MTE nous fera ainsi mieux comprendre les perceptions qu’ont les jeunes conducteurs de l’alcool au volant puis nous permettra d’identifier les variables et les facteurs d’influence à considérer lors de l’élaboration et de la mise en oeuvre d’interventions visant à sensibiliser et à éduquer ce public cible à la problématique de l’alcool au volant. Dans cet article, nous présenterons la démarche inductive adoptée dans le cadre de notre projet de recherche portant sur la sensibilisation à l’alcool au volant auprès des jeunes conducteurs québécois (en cours) ainsi que les arguments appuyant ce choix.
Coronal Axis Measurement of the Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Using a Linear Transducer
Authors: Amini Richard , Stolz Lori A. , Patanwala Asad E. , Adhikari Srikar 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesThe true optic nerve sheath diameter cutoff value for detecting elevated intracranial pressure is variable. The variability may stem from the technique used to acquire sonographic measurements of the optic nerve sheath diameter as well as sonographic artifacts inherent to the technique. The purpose of this study was to compare the traditional visual axis technique to an infraorbital coronal axis technique for assessing the optic nerve sheath diameter using a high‐frequency linear array transducer.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study at an academic medical center. Timed optic nerve sheath diameter measurements were obtained on both eyes of healthy adult volunteers with a 10–5‐MHz broadband linear array transducer using both traditional visual axis and coronal axis techniques. Optic nerve sheath diameter measurements were obtained by 2 sonologists who graded the difficulty of each technique and were blinded to each other's measurements for each participant.ResultsA total of 42 volunteers were enrolled, yielding 84 optic nerve sheath diameter measurements. There were no significant differences in the measurements between the techniques on either eye (P = .23 [right]; P = .99 [left]). Additionally, there was no difference in the degree of difficulty obtaining the measurements between the techniques (P = .16). There was a statistically significant difference in the time required to obtain the measurements between the traditional and coronal techniques (P < .05).ConclusionsInfraorbital coronal axis measurements are similar to measurements obtained in the traditional visual axis. The infraorbital coronal axis technique is slightly faster to perform and is not technically challenging.
Obstetric and Gynecologic Resident Ultrasound Education Project
Authors: Green Jessica , Kahan Meldon , Wong Suzanne 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesUltrasound is a critical diagnostic imaging tool in obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn). Obstetric ultrasound is taught during residency, but we suspected a gap in Gyn ultrasound education. Proficiency in Gyn ultrasound allows real‐time interpretation and management of pelvic disease and facilitates technical skill development for trainees learning blinded procedures. This study sought to evaluate ultrasound education in Canada's Ob/Gyn residency programs and assess whether residents and physicians perceived a need for a formalized Gyn ultrasound curriculum.MethodsWe distributed a needs assessment survey to residents enrolled in Canadian Ob/Gyn residency programs and to all obstetrician/gynecologists registered as members of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada. Residents were asked to specify their current training in ultrasound and to rate the adequacy of their curriculum. All respondents rated the importance of proficiency in pelvic ultrasound for practicing obstetrician/gynecologists as well as the perceived need for formalized ultrasound training in Ob/Gyn residency programs.ResultsEighty‐two residents and 233 physicians completed the survey. Extents and types of ultrasound training varied across residency programs. Most residents reported inadequate exposure to Gyn ultrasound, and most residents and physicians agreed that it is important for obstetrician/gynecologists to be proficient in Gyn ultrasound and that the development of a standardized Gyn ultrasound curriculum for residency programs is important.ConclusionsCurrent ultrasound education in Ob/Gyn varies across Canadian residency programs. Training in Gyn ultrasound is lacking, and both trainees and physicians confirmed the need for a standardized Gyn ultrasound curriculum for residency programs in Canada.
Local Recurrent Phyllodes Tumors of the Breast
Authors: Xiao Mengsu , Zhu Qingli , Jiang Yuxin , Li Jianchu , Wang Hongyan , Zhang Jing , You Shanshan , Liu He 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical, pathologic, and sonographic features of local recurrent phyllodes tumors of the breast and provide evidence for diagnosing tumor recurrence.MethodsA total of 127 patients with phyllodes tumors who underwent surgery from 1993 to 2012 were followed. The clinical, pathologic, and sonographic features of local recurrent tumors were analyzed.ResultsOf the 127 patients, pathologic diagnoses were benign, borderline, and malignant in 75 (59.1%), 41 (32.3%), and 11 (8.7%) patients, respectively. The patients were followed for a mean duration ± SD of 50.9 ± 42.1 months (range, 2–225 months). Twenty‐one patients had local recurrence, for a recurrence rate of 16.5%. The benign, borderline, and malignant recurrence rates were 14.7%, 17.1%, and 27.3%. The local recurrence in the 21 patients occurred after a mean interval of 19.4 ± 13.4 months. The mean times to local recurrence were 20.2 ± 12.1, 16.9 ± 10.8, and 20.3 ± 19.0 months for benign, borderline, and malignant tumors. The histologic characteristics of the recurrent tumors were similar to those of the initial tumors in 14 patients (66.7%), whereas the characteristics changed in 7 (33.3%). The sonographic features of the recurrent tumors were as follows: 69.4% were lobulated; 88.9% appeared as well‐defined lesions; 41.7% had posterior acoustic enhancement; 11.1% had intramural cystic areas; and 83.4% had moderate or marked blood flow.ConclusionsThe recurrence rate for phyllodes tumors is high. One to 2 years after surgery is the key time for follow‐up. The sonographic features contribute to recurrence diagnosis.