bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Audit of Antimicrobial Prescribing in an Acute Dental Care Department
Authors: Chopra Radhika , Merali Razia , Paolinelis George , Kwok Jerry 
Published: November 2014

Introduction Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem that is likely to have a major negative impact on healthcare in the future. Dentists have a key role in ensuring that antimicrobials are prescribed correctly to reduce the emergence of resistant strains. Objective To audit how appropriately antimicrobials were prescribed in the oral surgery acute dental department of Guy's Hospital in London, when compared to the standards set within the Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK)1 and Scottish Dental Clinical Effectiveness2 guidelines on antimicrobial prescribing in dentistry. Target 100% compliance. Method A prospective audit consisting of two cycles (each including 60 patients) was carried out. Between each cycle, there was a two-month intervention period, which included extensive training and education of staff and students. Results Cycle 1 showed that only 30% of prescriptions were appropriate and only 62% of practitioners were recording a diagnosis. After two months of intervention, cycle 2 was carried out; this showed a significant improvement, with 80% of prescriptions being appropriate and 100% of practitioners recording a diagnosis. The majority of inappropriate prescriptions in both cycles were for acute pulpitis without evidence of systemic involvement. Conclusion This audit has shown that clinical practice for antimicrobial prescribing did not follow the published guidelines. Following targeted interventions, a substantial improvement was made in the prescribing pattern. The target of 100% has not been reached, necessitating further intervention.
Of sound, mind and body: Female sexuality and Vodou in Kettly Mars’ Fado
Authors: Humphrey Paul 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Across her numerous short stories and novels, Kettly Mars explores the many influences present in the culture and society of her native Haiti. This article examines the manner in which the fractured self of the protagonist in her 2008 novel Fado is reconstituted within a context of Haitian Vodou interwoven with Portuguese fado. A divided yet single whole, the protagonist’s body traverses a series of fragmented spaces, which, in the complex cultural sphere the author creates, enables the intersection of the socio-political, spiritual and psychological planes. By focusing on the multifaceted nature of female sexuality and drawing on the notion of transcorporeality in Vodou spirituality, the analysis offered unpicks the multiple interactions – physical and spiritual – between individuals and discrete subjectivities in the novel. It thereby delineates a reading that goes beyond the blurring of reason and madness to point to the reconstitution of the fractured self by exploring female sexuality.
Dans ses nombreux romans et nouvelles, Kettly Mars explore les influences multiples présentes dans la culture et la société de son Haïti natal. Cet article examine la façon avec laquelle le soi fracturé de la protagoniste de Fado, son roman de 2008, est reconstitué dans un contexte où le vodou haïtien s’entremêle avec le fado portugais. Une entité divisée mais unie, le corps de la protagoniste traverse une série d’espaces fragmentés, ce qui permet, dans la sphère culturelle complexe créée par l’auteur, l’intersection du sociopolitique, du spirituel et du psychologique. L’analyse se focalise sur la pluralité inhérente à la sexualité féminine et fait appel à la notion de la transcorporalité dans la spiritualité du vodou afin d’expliquer les interactions multiples – physiques et spirituelles – entre les individus et les subjectivités discrètes du roman. Ainsi, elle présente une interprétation qui va au-delà de la déconstruction des frontières de la raison et de la folie pour indiquer la reconstitution du soi fracturé atteinte à travers une exploration de la sexualité féminine.
Blankness, alienation, and the zombie in recent Francophone fiction
Authors: Swanson Lucy 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article examines the function of the zombie’s blank gaze in recent Francophone Caribbean fiction. The word ‘zombie’ originally emerged in the New World during the transatlantic slave trade. In Haiti, the legendary subservient, disinterred body associated with the term serves as the materialized historical narrative of enslavement. However, even as zombies have evolved into allegories of the Duvalier regime in Haitian literature and violent ‘cannibals’ in North American visual culture, they are connected by their iconic vacant stare. This presumed blankness often seems to illustrate an internal emptiness. This article argues that this idea is problematized by Francophone writers such as Jacques Stephen Alexis, who critiques alienating western narratives by reimagining the zombie’s vacant stare, which comes to metonymize the creature’s narrative plasticity. Ultimately, the blank gaze makes a fascinating vehicle for interrogating the monster’s literal and metanarrative transformations.
Cet article examine la fonction du regard vide du zombie dans la fiction Francophone antillaise récente. Le mot ‘zombie’ est émergé au Nouveau Monde pendant la période historique de la traite négrière. En Haïti, la légende du corps soumis et ressuscité qui est associée au terme sert de matérialisation du récit historique de l’esclavage. Quoique les zombies aient évolués en allégorie du régime Duvalier dans la littérature haïtienne et en ‘cannibale’ violent dans la culture visuelle d’Amérique du Nord, ces avatars restent liés par leur regard vide emblématique. Cette vacuité est souvent présumée illustrer l’état intérieur du zombie également. Cette étude affirme que cette conception du zombie est mise en question par des écrivains francophones tels que Jacques Stephen Alexis, qui critique certains récits occidentaux aliénants en réinterprétant le regard vide du zombie, qui sert de métonymie de la plasticité narrative de la figure. Finalement, le regard vide sert d’un véhicule fascinant à interroger les transformations littérales et métanarratives du zombie.
Tracing the matrilineal past: Alternative genealogy and the imagination in Maryse Condé’s Victoire, les saveurs et les mots
Authors: Odintz Jenny 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article examines the use of the imagination in Maryse Condé’s recent work Victoire, les saveurs et les mots (2006). In this semi-autobiographical narrative, Condé draws on an imaginative framework to trace the story of her grandmother, filling in gaps left by official history, and by her mother’s silence. As she navigates her grandmother’s historical situation as an illiterate Mulatto cook in Guadeloupe, and her mother’s desire to assimilate into French culture, the novel demonstrates the particular political urgency of creating alternative epistemologies of the Caribbean. Condé privileges and authorizes the imagination in her matrilineal quest, allowing her to create a feminist transformation of genealogy, history and epistemology. This imaginative framework powerfully destabilizes more traditional genealogical quests and their underlying world-view, and, in particular, this world-view’s reliance on patriarchal, racial, colonial and neocolonial ideology.
Cet essai considère l’utilisation de l’imagination dans Victoire, les saveurs et les mots, le roman de Maryse Condé qui vient de paraître (2006). Dans cette narration semi-autobiographique, Condé fait appel à un cadre imaginatif afin de tracer l’histoire de sa grand-mère, en remplissant les trous omis par l’Histoire officielle et par le silence de sa mère. Tandis qu’elle examine la condition historique de sa grand-mère en tant que cuisinière Mulâtre en Guadeloupe, tout comme le désir d’assimilation à la culture Française nourrit par sa mère, le roman met en évidence la nécessité politique particulière de créer une série d’épistémologies alternatives des Caraïbes. Dans sa quête matrilinéaire, Condé privilégie et autorise l’imagination, qui lui permet de créer une restructuration féministe de la généalogie, de l’histoire et de l’épistémologie. Ce cadre imaginatif déstabilise, de manière pertinente, les quêtes généalogiques traditionnelles et leur vision sous-jacente du monde, surtout la conception d’un monde gouverné par une idéologie patriarcale, raciale, coloniale et néocoloniale.
Reviews
Authors: Amos Will , Blin-Rolland Armelle , McCusker Maeve , Martinon Jean-Paul , Miraglia Anne-Marie , Small Audrey , Smith Alison 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
L’Algérie et la langue française ou l’altérité en partage, Rabeh Sebaa (2013) Paris: Publibook, 104 pp., ISBN: 9782342007404, p/bk, €14
Redrawing French Empire in Comics, Mark McKinney (2013) Columbus: The Ohio State University Press, 288 pp., ISBN: 1397808142122202, h/bk, $79.95
Caribbean Literature and the Public Sphere. From the Plantation to the Postcolonial, Raphael Dalleo (2011) Charlottesville and London: University of Virginia Press, 296 pp., ISBN: 9780813931999, P/bk, £26.50
V. Y. Mudimbe: Undisciplined Africanism, Pierre-Philippe Fraiture (2013) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 260 pp., ISBN: 9781846318948, h/bk, £67.94
Vers l’imaginaire migrant. La Fiction narrative des écrivains immigrants francophones au Québec (1980–2000), Tina Mouneimné (2013) Bruxelles: P.I.E. Peter Lang, 207 pp., ISBN: 9782875740328, p/bk, £29
Postcolonial Thought in the French-speaking World, Charles Forsdick and David Murphy (eds) (2009) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 357 pp., ISBN-1: 9781846310546, h/bk, £65, ISBN-2: 9781846310553, p/bk, £19.95
Contesting Views: The Visual Economy of France and Algeria, Edward Welch and Joseph McGonagle (2013) Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 236 pp., ISBN: 9781846318849, h/bk
Young adults’ perceptions of satellite TV news services in Bahrain
Authors: Ziani Abdul-Karim , Fahmy Shahira , Al-Jaber Khalid , Elareshi Mokhtar 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article investigates the relationship between university students’ consumption of satellite TV news services and their perceptions of news issues. It examined students’ general news consumption habits and their motives for the choices they make as well as the gratifications they obtain. A survey was administered to a random sample of 325 university students to determine the varying gratifications associated with satellite TV. The findings showed that time spent watching local TV channels was affected by the use of international TV services. Respondents received fewer programmes than they desired from local TV. The data also revealed that entertainment and surveillance needs were the most important gratifications obtained from satellite TV. Interestingly, students have abandoned Al Jazeera TV programmes in favour of other TV services. These findings are discussed in relation to the growing impact of satellite TV services and the emergence of new niche markets in news in Bahrain.
Exotic beauties, victims and terrorists: Representations of veiled women in the British press (2001–14)
Authors: Sadar Pina 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article aims to analyse media representations of veiled women in British online and printed press between 2001 and 2014. Using discourse analysis (CDA) as an analytical tool, the article seeks to demonstrate how enduring repetitions of essentialized media rhetoric – manifested in the topic selection, language and visuals – generate and naturalize racist sentiments towards veiled Muslim women. The findings of the study indicate that veiled Muslim women are commonly represented as the ultimate British others; they continue to be observed through the lens of beautified otherness and are caught in the paradox of being seen as on the one hand invisible victims of patriarchal oppression and on the other hand a visible danger for British security and identity. A nascent trend of counter-hegemonic discourses on veiling is also acknowledged and documented. The outcomes of the media analysis are combined with brief fragments from the interviews with British Muslim women, thus challenging the prevailing media myths and ensuring an emic perspective on the topic.
High Temperature Thermal Conductivity Measurements of Quasicrystalline Al70.8Pd20.9Mn8.3
Authors: Davis Philip S. , Barnes Peter A. , Vining Cronin B. , Pope Amy L. , Schneidmiller Robert , Tritt Terry M. , Kolis Joseph 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTWe report measurements of the thermal conductivity on a potential high temperature thermoelectric material, the quasicrystal Al70.8Pd20.9Mn8.3. Thermal conductivity is determined over a temperature range from 30 K to 600 K, using both the steady state gradient method and the 3ω method. Measurements of high temperature thermal conductivity are extremely difficult using standard heat conduction techniques. These difficulties arise from the fact that heat is lost due to radiative effects. The radiative effects are proportional to the temperature of the sample to the fourth power and therefore can lead to large errors in the measured thermal conductivity of the sample, becoming more serious as the temperature increases. For thermoelectric applications in the high temperature regime, the thermal conductivity is an extremely important parameter to determine. The 3ω technique minimizes radiative heat loss terms, which will allow for more accurate determination of the thermal conductivity of Al70.8Pd20.9Mn8.3 at high temperatures. The results obtained using the 3ω method are compared to results from a standard bulk-thermal-conductivity-technique on the same samples over the temperature range, 30 K to 300 K.
Growth Variability of Italian Weedy Rice Populations Grown with or without Cultivated Rice
Authors: Andres André , Fogliatto Silvia , Ferrero Aldo , Vidotto Francesco 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTWeedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) exhibits a great variability of morphological traits. To detect if this variability can affect its growth behavior, two experiments were performed on 10 Italian weedy rice populations grown as pure stand and in competition with rice. Five awnless and five awned populations were grown in field conditions in 15‐L pots. In the pure stand experiment, each pot hosted a single plant of weedy rice, while in the competition experiment the weedy rice plant was surrounded by 10 plants of cultivar Sirio CL. Plant height, tiller, and leaf numbers were recorded six times during the growing season. In competition, leaf area, culm weight, and leaf weight were also assessed. In pure stand, no significant differences between awned and awnless groups were found for all the considered parameters. Differences were found in plant height (from 70.7 to 91.9 cm) and leaf weight (from 5.64 to 9.85 g plant−1) among awned populations only. In competition, weedy rice showed lower and more variable growth indices. The least and most affected growth variables were plant height (16% of average reduction in comparison with pure stand) and leaf weight (70.3% of average reduction), respectively. Awned populations showed higher and more variable values of growth parameters, suggesting a stronger competitiveness and a wider phenotypic plasticity. Knowledge of growth behavior related to weedy rice variability could improve modeling of infestation dynamics and highlights the need of an integrated weed management approach.
Surfactant Application on Yield and Irrigation Water Use Efficiency in Corn under Limited Irrigation
Authors: Chaichi Mohammad R. , Nurre Paul , Slaven Jeff , Rostamza Mina 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTDrought, and rising water and pumping costs dictate that continued production of corn (Zea mays L.) will be limited in future years if effective water conservation strategies are not established. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of irrigation regimes in conjunction with surfactant treatments on field corn grain yield (GY), total dry matter (TDM) production, and irrigation water use efficiencies (IWUE) based on GY and TDM in a distinct Mediterranean climate, at Spadra Ranch in Pomona, CA, for 2 yr (2008 and 2009). The field experiment was set up in a split plot design with four replications where irrigation regimes (I40: 40%, I60: 60%, I80: 80%, and I100: 100% of the estimated evapotranspiration) was the main plot and application of surfactant (water treated with surfactant and no surfactant application) was assigned to the subplot. The results showed a stepwise reduction in TDM and GY in treatments both with and without surfactant as water deficit increased. However, surfactant application at any irrigation level resulted in higher GY and TDM compared to no‐surfactant treatments. Irrigation water use efficiency based on TDM and GY was the highest in I40 and the lowest in full irrigation (I100) conditions. By application of surfactant in irrigation water, both IWUE and GY increased. Surfactant application increased irrigation costs by 4.7%; however, it increased profit by 19.75%. Economic evaluation showed that the grain yield increment could compensate surfactant price and consequently the same profit achieved with applying 40% less water plus surfactant compared with 100% crop evapotranspiration with no surfactant application. In a Mediterranean climate and under limited irrigation conditions, corn could be cultivated with acceptable yields by application of surfactant.
Efficiency of Plant Breeding
Authors: Ceccarelli Salvatore 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTParticipatory plant breeding (PPB) has been practiced for several reasons, including sociological, humanitarian, and egalitarian. This paper aims to demonstrate that PPB should be practiced simply because it increases plant breeding efficiency, which is defined as (i) the ratio between the number of varieties adopted and the number of crosses made, (ii) the response to selection, and (iii) the benefit/cost ratio, not only as often done by public breeding programs, by the number of varieties released by public breeding programs. After reviewing the reasons for the lack of adoption of several of the varieties released, and the theoretical basis justifying the use of correlated response to measure selection gains, the issue of the benefit/cost ratio is discussed within the context of adoption rates. The assumption is that without adoption, no benefit will occur. Ways to increase the three measures of breeding efficiency are discussed in detail, and the conclusion is made that the three measures can be increased by combining decentralized selection with farmers’ participation in a PPB program. The essential features of a PPB program are reviewed, including the experimental designs and statistical analysis used to increase the precision of on‐farm trials. The findings show that PPB increases breeding efficiency, both in terms of response to selection measured over the time from the initial cross to adoption and in terms of the benefit/cost ratio as a consequence of a higher adoption rate. In a PPB program, adoption starts during the process of selection and precedes variety release. In a conventional plant breeding (CPB) program, the sequence is reversed. Other differences between a PPB and a CPB program include the increase of agrobiodiversity, which in a PPB program is higher because of the rapid spatiotemporal turnover of varieties, and because the seed of new varieties is readily available to farmers, thus contributing to food security. Because of its decentralized nature, PPB can accommodate organic farms and become easily adopted by both national and international public breeding programs as one way of adapting crops to climate changes.
Effects of Coil Design on Induction Welding of Sintered Iron Based Compacts
Authors: Çavdar Uğur , Kusoglu İhsan Murat 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSintered iron based compacts were welded by applying a high frequency induction process. The cross-sections of the compacts were square in shape so two different coil shapes, cylindrical and square, were studied with respect to the effect of magnetic flux. The effect of welding duration on the macrostructural changes and mechanical properties of the induction welded compacts were investigated for welding durations of 3, 5 and 10 minutes.
Finite Element Analysis of Calibration Coefficients for Residual Stress Measurements by the Ring Core Procedure
Authors: Xu Lianyong , Zhao Hailun , Jing Hongyang , Han Yongdian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFinite element analysis (FEA) and experiments have been conducted to analyze the calibration coefficient for measuring residual stress in the ring core method. In this publication, firstly, the calibration coefficients were determined using FEA. Then, factors which affect the calibration coefficients were investigated, such as the tensile load applied to the components, the geometric sizes of the annular grove and the location of the strain gage. The results of FEA were consistent with the experimental results. The most appropriate geometric sizes of the annular groove and location of the strain gage were obtained. This study also defines the distortion energy parameter S to calculate and modify the calibration coefficients. Hence, it is reasonable to apply FEA to calibration coefficients in the ring core method.
Finite Element Analysis of Friction Stir Welded Aluminum Alloy AA6061-T6 Joints
Authors: Serindağ Hüseyin Tarik , Kiral Binnur Goren , Kadayifçi Zeki Alper 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop a finite element model for predicting the transient temperature and stress fields during friction stir welding. For this purpose, a three-dimensional model based on the nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) has been generated. The experimentally measured temperatures by using an infrared thermometer during experiments were compared to the results obtained by FEA. In the numerical simulations, mechanical and physical properties were considered depending on temperature. The effect of the rotational and transverse speeds on the distribution of temperature and stresses in the welded AA6061-T6 plates were examined. It was observed that the maximum temperature near the weld region increases with increasing rotational speed. The normal stresses, σx and σy also increase as the rotational speed increases. The temperature decreases as the tool transverse speed increases.
Heat Treatment Effects on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of 30MnB4 Steel Bolts
Authors: Kınıt Umut , Bozca Mehmet 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis study targeted the effects of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of high-strength steel bolts. High-strength steel bolt samples were manufactured by sequential cutting, cold forming, heading and heat treatment. All sample bolts were M12, and the material was 30MnB4. During the heat treatment, quenching and tempering were applied to high-strength steel. Stress-strain curves were obtained for the steel bolt samples after different heat treatments. The mechanical properties of the steel bolts, such as yield strength, tensile strength, hardness and elongation, were determined for the various heat treatments. It was concluded that heat treatment is an important process that changes the microstructure of the steel bolts and their mechanical properties. By heat treatment at different temperatures it is possible to obtain high-strength steel bolts with different properties.