bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of severe renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of mitiperstat
Authors: Bhattacharya Chandrali S. , Pizzato Patricia Ely , Heijer Maria , Sunnåker Mikael , Holden Julie , Trebski Monika , Nelander Karin , Ali Hodan , Genov Diyan K. , Aurell Malin , Collén Anna , Ericsson Hans 
Published: August 2024

AimsMitiperstat is a novel, highly potent myeloperoxidase inhibitor being evaluated in patients with cardio‐metabolic disease (phase 2). These patients often have impaired renal function, which may affect mitiperstat pharmacokinetics. This study assessed mitiperstat pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability in participants with severe renal impairment and normal renal function, to inform inclusion of participants with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 in phase 3.MethodsParticipants with severe renal impairment (eGFR ≥15 and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) who were not on dialysis (n = 10) and group‐matched controls (eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2; n = 10) received a single mitiperstat 2.5 mg oral tablet. Blood samples were collected at intervals for 2 weeks and urine samples for 24 h post‐dose.ResultsTotal apparent mitiperstat clearance was 10.83 L/h in the severe renal impairment cohort and 25.62 L/h in the control cohort. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve was 2.37‐fold higher (90% confidence interval [CI]: 1.79, 3.12) in the severe renal impairment cohort than in the control cohort, with longer elimination half‐life and similar maximum concentration. Non‐renal clearance was similar between the cohorts.ConclusionsMitiperstat apparent clearance was approximately twofold lower in individuals with severe renal impairment than in those with normal renal function. Lower clearance was driven by reduced renal clearance; non‐renal clearance was similar. Mitiperstat was generally well tolerated by participants with severe renal impairment and normal renal function. These findings, together with efficacy and safety/tolerability data from phase 2b, will guide the dosing regimen for phase 3.
Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics associated with relapse following electroconvulsive therapy for bipolar disorder
Authors: Thomsen Rasmus Bengt , Salagre Estela , Rohde Christopher , Østergaard Søren Dinesen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for bipolar disorder, but relapse following a successful ECT series is common. We aimed to identify clinical and sociodemographic characteristics associated with the risk of relapse following ECT in bipolar disorder.MethodsUsing data from nationwide Danish registers, we identified all patients receiving their first ECT series with an indication diagnosis of bipolar disorder between 2006 and 2018. We then followed these patients for relapse, defined as either psychiatric admission or a new ECT series, for 6 months following ECT. Associations between clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and relapse were examined via multivariable Cox proportional‐hazards regression, yielding adjusted hazard rate ratios (aHRR).ResultsOf the 1473 patients receiving ECT for bipolar disorder (62% females, mean age = 53 years), 34% met the relapse criterion. The following characteristics were associated with an elevated risk of relapse; age <40 (aHRR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.05–2.26); being a pensioner (aHRR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.29–2.32), indication diagnosis for ECT being psychotic mania (aHRR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.16–2.28), psychotic bipolar depression (aHRR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.06–1.80), mixed episode (aHRR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.13–2.02), or other bipolar episodes (aHRR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.28–2.21); and treatment with antipsychotics prior to the course of ECT (aHRR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.04–1.67).ConclusionPatients with bipolar disorder face a particularly high risk of relapse following ECT if they present with the following characteristics when initiating ECT: age <40, being a pensioner, having received treatment with an antipsychotic before initiating ECT, or having psychotic bipolar depression, psychotic mania, mixed episodes, or other bipolar episodes as the indication for ECT. These findings may guide relapse monitoring following ECT in bipolar disorder.
Hospital‐treated bipolar disorder in adolescence in Finland 1980–2010: Rehospitalizations, diagnostic stability, and mortality
Authors: Repo Anna , Kaltiala Riittakerttu , Holttinen Timo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsEstimates of the occurrence of bipolar disorder among adolescents vary from country to country and from time to time. Long delays from first symptoms to diagnosis of bipolar disorder have been suggested. Studies among adults suggest increased mortality, particularly due to suicide and cardiovascular diseases. We set out to study the prognosis of adolescent onset bipolar disorder in terms of rehospitalizations, diagnostic stability, and mortality.MethodsThe study comprised a register‐based follow‐up of all adolescents admitted to psychiatric inpatient care for the first time in their lives at age 13–17 during the period 1980–2010. They were followed up in the National Care Register for Health Care and Causes of death registers until 31 December 2014.ResultsIncidence of bipolar disorder among 13‐ to 17‐year‐old adolescents over the whole study period was 2.8 per 100, 000 same aged adolescents, and across decades, the incidence increased six‐fold. Patients with bipolar disorder during their first‐ever inpatient treatment were rehospitalized more often than those treated for other reasons. Conversion from bipolar disorder to other diagnoses was far more common than the opposite. Mortality did not differ between those firstdiagnosed with bipolar disorder and those treated for other reasons.ConclusionThe incidence of adolescent onset bipolar disorder has increased across decades. The present study does not call for attention to delayed diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Adolescent onset bipolar disorders are severe disorders that often require rehospitalization, but diagnostic stability is modest. Mortality is comparable to that in other equally serious disorders.
Treatment Outcomes of Intralesional Steroid Injection for Refractory Vocal Process Granuloma
Authors: Yu Po‐Jun , Hung Wei‐Chen , Wang Chi‐Te 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesVocal process granuloma (VPG) is a chronic condition resulting from a mucoperichondrial injury of vocal process. Initial conservative treatment typically involves vocal hygiene education and antireflux medication. Treatment challenges arise with refractory cases. Outcomes of second‐line treatments such as surgical excision and botulinum toxin injections remain inconsistent. Thus, we propose this study to investigate the effectiveness of intralesional steroid injections for refractory VPG.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of 23 patients with VPG who showed no improvement after 3 months of proton pump inhibitors. These patients underwent one to three courses of monthly in‐office intralesional steroid injections as a second‐line therapy. Treatment outcomes were evaluated by measuring the size of the VPG relative to the length of the vocal folds before and after the final injection procedure.ResultsResults showed a significant reduction in VPG size from baseline of 27.74 ± 15.06 to 5.48 ± 8.95 (p < .001). 15 out of 23 patients were responsive (size reduction ≥ 75%) to intralesional steroid injection. Alcohol consumption and longer symptom duration were associated with a poor response (size reduction <75%), whereas prior intubation was associated with better response.ConclusionsFor refractory VPG not responding to conservative treatment, intralesional steroid injection appears to be a promising alternative option without significant adverse effects.
Differences in pulmonary function measured by oscillometry between horses with mild–moderate equine asthma and healthy controls
Authors: Lo Feudo Chiara Maria , Ferrucci Francesco , Bizzotto Davide , Dellacà Raffaele , Lavoie Jean‐Pierre , Stucchi Luca 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of mild–moderate equine asthma (MEA) can be confirmed by airway endoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) cytology, and lung function evaluation by indirect pleural pressure measurement. Oscillometry is a promising pulmonary function test method, but its ability to detect subclinical airway obstruction has been questioned.ObjectivesTo evaluate the differences in lung function measured by oscillometry between healthy and MEA‐affected horses.Study designProspective case–control clinical study.MethodsThirty‐seven horses were divided into healthy and MEA groups, based on history and clinical score; the diagnosis of MEA was confirmed by airway endoscopy and BALf cytology. Horses underwent oscillometry at frequencies ranging from 2 to 6 Hz. Obtained parameters included whole‐breath, inspiratory, expiratory, and the difference between inspiratory and expiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs). Differences between oscillometry parameters at different frequencies were evaluated within and between groups by repeated‐measures two‐way ANOVA and post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction. Frequency dependence was compared between groups by t test. For significant parameters, a receiver operating characteristics curve was designed, cut‐off values were identified and their sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsNo significant differences in Xrs and Rrs were observed between groups. The frequency dependence of whole‐breath and inspiratory Xrs significantly differed between healthy (respectively, −0.03 ± 0.02 and −0.05 ± 0.02 cmH2O/L/s) and MEA (−0.1 ± 0.03 and −0.2 ± 0.02 cmH2O/L/s) groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). For inspiratory Xrs frequency dependence, a cut‐off value of −0.06 cmH2O/L/s was identified, with 86.4% (95% CI: 66.7%–95.3%) sensitivity and 66.7% (95% CI: 41.7%–84.8%) specificity.Main limitationsSample size, no BALf cytology in some healthy horses.ConclusionsOscillometry can represent a useful non‐invasive tool for the diagnosis of MEA. Specifically, the evaluation of the frequency dependence of Xrs may be of special interest.
Observed declines in body size have differential effects on survival and recruitment, but no effect on population growth in tropical birds
Authors: Wilcox Rebecca C. , Benson Thomas J. , Brawn Jeffrey D. , Tarwater Corey E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDeclines in body size can be an advantageous physiological response to warming temperatures, or a result of physiological and nutritional stress. Either way, studies often assume that these climate‐induced trait changes have important implications for fitness and demography. We leveraged almost three decades of capture‐mark‐recapture data of 51 bird species in Panama to examine if body size has changed through time, how sensitive body size is to changes in weather, and if body size impacts population demography. We evaluated two metrics of body size, structural size (wing length), and body condition (residual body mass). Over the study, wing length changed in varying directions for 88% of species (23 decrease, 22 increase), but the effects were weak, and change was only significant for two species. Conversely, body condition declined for 88% of species (45), effects were stronger, and that change was significant for 22% of species (11). This suggests that nutritional stress is likely the cause of changes in body size, not an adaptive response to warming. Precipitation metrics impacted body condition across three of our four feeding guilds, while wing length was only impacted by weather metrics for two guilds. This suggests that body condition is more sensitive to change in weather metrics compared to wing length. Lastly, we found that the impact of changes in body size on survival and recruitment was variable across species, but these relationships were in the opposite direction, ultimately resulting in no change in population growth for all but one species. Thus, while different stages (adult survival and recruitment) of populations may be impacted by body size, populations appear to be buffered from changes. The lack of an effect on population growth rate suggests that populations may be more resilient to changes in body size, with implications for population persistence under expected climate change.
Leveraging digital tools to foster resilience in the charity sector: The case of eBay's Charity Connect initiative
Authors: Richey Michelle , Brooks Jade Wendy , Ravishankar M. N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDigital tools can help mitigate serious threats to social and economic activity created by external shocks and reduced government funding. This paper complements Information Technology for Development (IT4D) studies of resilience by focusing on how the introduction of new digital tools can sustain both economic and social activities, potentially leading to further adaptations. It investigates eBay's Charity Connect initiative, which supported the UK charity sector to continue selling donated items during the COVID‐19 lockdown. The findings present three pathways‐outcomes used to foster resilience through introducing new digital tools: interim resilience, bounded resilience and enhanced resilience. Using conservation of resources theory, the paper explains the difference between these outcomes and discusses how balancing stress and resource investment can help leverage digital tools and foster greater digital resilience.
Description and predictors of self‐determination in males and females with fragile X syndrome on the verge of adulthood
Authors: Friedman L. , Moser C. , Thurman A. J. , Taylor J. L. , Abbeduto L. , Klusek J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐determination refers to setting goals and making decisions regarding one's own life with support from others as needed. Research on people with intellectual and developmental disabilities has established the importance of self‐determination for quality of life outcomes, such as increased independence and life satisfaction. However, self‐determination has not been characterised specifically in fragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading inherited cause of intellectual disability. Relative to youth with other forms of intellectual and developmental disabilities, youth with FXS may face exceptional barriers to the development of self‐determined behaviour. In addition to intellectual disability, the FXS behavioural profile is characterised by high rates of autism and anxiety that may further limit opportunities for youth with FXS. The heritable nature of the condition can also yield a distinctive family environment, with siblings and parents also living with fragile X or its associated conditions. Considering these unique challenges, the present study examined self‐determination in young adult males and females with FXS and explored whether factors such as language skills, adaptive behaviour and autism traits were associated with self‐determination capacity and opportunities.MethodsThe present study included 9 females and 36 males with FXS between the ages of 17 and 25 years. Caregivers (mothers or fathers) completed the American Institute for Research Self‐Determination Assessment, which is a questionnaire that yields three scores: self‐determination capacity, opportunities for self‐determination at home and opportunities for self‐determination at school.ResultsCaregivers endorsed a wide range of self‐determination capacity and opportunities, with ratings for opportunities at home and school exceeding ratings of capacity. Better adaptive behaviour skills were associated with more self‐determination capacity, and the presence of more autism traits was associated with fewer opportunities at school.ConclusionsResults from this study contribute to our understanding of avenues to best support young adults with FXS as they transition to adulthood. Our findings also have implications for practice, such that interventions targeting adaptive behaviours and self‐determination may be an effective approach for promoting autonomy and independence for young adults with FXS. Additionally, caregivers and educators should continue to provide opportunities to practise self‐determination, regardless of their perception of capacity.
Development and optimization of a methimazole microemulsion for topical application: Formulation characteristics and transdermal permeation
Authors: Salimi Anayatollah , Hoseinzadeh Hadis , Mohammad Soleymani Saeed 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundMethimazole, an oral antithyroid drug, has recently gained attention for its skin‐brightening effects when applied topically to treat melasma. This study aims to develop, optimize, and characterize a methimazole microemulsion as a novel, safe approach for local melasma treatment.Materials and MethodsWe prepared microemulsion formulations containing 3% methimazole by combining appropriate amounts of surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 20), propylene glycol cosurfactant, and an oil phase (oleic acid‐transcutol p at a 1:10 ratio). We then assessed droplet size, stability, viscosity, and skin permeation using rat skin models.ResultsThe microemulsions' droplet sizes ranged from 7.06 to 28.13 nm, with viscosities between 120 and 254 centipoises. Our analysis identified droplet size, viscosity, and membrane release as significant independent variables. We determined the permeability parameters of the optimal formulation through rat skin, including steady‐state permeability rate (Jss), permeability coefficient (p), lag time (Tlag), and apparent diffusion coefficient (Dapp).ConclusionWe found that the microemulsions' characteristics, physicochemical properties, and in vitro release depended on the surfactant‐to‐cosurfactant ratio, water content, and oil content. We developed an optimal formulation with a high surfactant‐to‐cosurfactant ratio and low water and oil percentages. This formulation shows potential for commercialization and manufacturing of final products.
The Many Ways of Experiencing Solitude: Personality Processes, in Context, as Predictors of Time Alone
Authors: Weinstein Netta , Adams Mark 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThis article integrates insights from the Journal of Personality's Registered Report‐only special issue, which explores the relationship between personality and experiences within solitude. Contrary to the traditional view that solitude primarily serves those who are introverted or seeking refuge from social interactions, findings in this issue demonstrate that solitude is actively sought by, and may hold benefits for, a broad spectrum of personality types. We discuss these findings and suggest there may be more complex interactions between personality and solitude than previously recognized. We highlight the importance of conceptual and methodological clarity in studying both personality and solitude. Studies also show that the benefits of solitude for well‐being depend on contextual factors including the function and purpose of solitude, and activities undertaken (or not) when alone. Preferences for, and enjoyment of, solitude are influenced by more than just personality traits; they are shaped by how personality interacts with specific situations and contexts. We provide practical recommendations for future research to refine methods in order to better understand the nuanced experiences of solitude. These approaches will help clarify the conditions under which solitude is most beneficial and offer deeper insights into how solitude can improve well‐being for different individuals.
Moving beyond bruxism episode index: Discarding misuse of the number of sleep bruxism episodes as masticatory muscle pain biomarker
Authors: Wieckiewicz Mieszko , Martynowicz Helena , Lavigne Gilles , Kato Takafumi , Lobbezoo Frank , Smardz Joanna , Ahlberg Jari , Winocur Efraim , Emodi‐Perlman Alona , Restrepo Claudia , Wojakowska Anna , Gac Pawel , Mazur Grzegorz , Waliszewska‐Prosol Marta , Swienc Witold , Manfredini Daniele 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThe objective of the current study was to evaluate the clinical utility of bruxism episode index in predicting the level of masticatory muscle pain intensity. The study involved adults (n = 220) recruited from the Outpatient Clinic of Temporomandibular Disorders at the Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, during the period 2017–2022. Participants underwent medical interview and dental examination, focusing on signs and symptoms of sleep bruxism. The intensity of masticatory muscle pain was gauged using the Numeric Rating Scale. Patients identified with probable sleep bruxism underwent further evaluation through video‐polysomnography. Statistical analyses included the Shapiro–Wilk test, Spearman's rank correlation test, association rules, receiver operating characteristic curves, linear regression, multivariate regression and prediction accuracy analyses. The analysis of correlation and one‐factor linear regression revealed no statistically significant relationships between bruxism episode index and Numeric Rating Scale (p > 0.05 for all analyses). Examination of receiver operating characteristic curves and prediction accuracy indicated a lack of predictive utility for bruxism episode index in relation to masticatory muscle pain intensity. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated no discernible relationship between bruxism episode index and Numeric Rating Scale across all examined masticatory muscles. In conclusion, bruxism episode index and masticatory muscle pain intensity exhibit no correlation, and bruxism episode index lacks predictive value for masticatory muscle pain. Clinicians are advised to refrain from employing the frequency of masticatory muscle activity as a method for assessing the association between masticatory muscle pain and sleep bruxism.
(Hi)stories in Pictures: Use of Folk and Tribal Art Forms in Two Pictorial Biographies From India
Authors: Dutta Rishav 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPictures have always been one of the fundamental tools for storytelling that serve as a spigot for folk narratives and performances. Although in India, folk art styles feature stories from the traditional repertoire, increasing focus on use of folk and tribal art in graphic novels and innovation in esthetic strategies problematize the perceived fixity and primitivity associated with “folk.” To accommodate different stories and audiences, Patachitra (folk) and Pardhan‐Gond (tribal) art forms undergo stylistic changes in storytelling. The paper explores the organic and reflexive nature of these two narrative art forms, focusing particularly on two contemporary manifestations: I See the Promised Land (2013) and Bhimayana (2011).