bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender–age interaction in incidence rates of childhood emotional disorders
Authors: Wesselhoeft R. , Pedersen C. B. , Mortensen P. B. , Mors O. , Bilenberg N. 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundThe post-pubertal association of female gender with emotional disorder is a robust finding. However, studies exploring the association of gender and emotional disorders before puberty are few and present diverging results. The aim of this study was to present gender-specific incidence rates of emotional disorders throughout childhood.MethodThis is a population-based cohort study of 907 806 Danish 3- to 18-year-olds. The outcome was assignment of an emotional disorder diagnosis based on in-patient and out-patient data from The Danish Psychiatric Central Register. Outcome measures were incidence rates and cumulative incidences for unipolar depressive disorder (ICD-10: F32–F33), anxiety disorders (ICD-10: F40–F42), and emotional disorders with onset specific to childhood (ICD-10: F93).ResultsPre-pubertal incidence rates for depressive and anxiety disorders were higher for boys than girls. At age 12 years the pattern reversed. The cumulative incidence for any emotional disorder (F32–F33, F40–F42, F93) on the 11th birthday was 0.52% (95% CI 0.50–0.55) for boys and 0.31% (95% CI 0.29–0.33) for girls. On the 19th birthday cumulative incidence was 2.33% (95% CI 2.24–2.43) for boys and 3.77% (95% CI 3.64–3.90) for girls. The pre-pubertal male preponderance was also significant for depressive disorders (F32–F33, p = 0.00144) and anxiety disorders (F40–F42, F93, p < 0.00001) separately.ConclusionsEmotional disorders seem to display a male preponderance before the age of 12 years and a female preponderance thereafter. Studies exploring this gender–age interaction are needed. Still, the results question the general assumption that females throughout the lifespan are more at risk for emotional disorders than males.
Sensation Seeking as It Relates to Burnout Among Emergency Medical Personnel: A Texas Study
Authors: Chng Chwee Lye , Eaddy Starr 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIntroduction:Burnout among emergency medical personnel (emergency medical personne) is suspected, but largely unsupported in the literature. An investigation of the phenomenon of burnout and factors contributing to its existence are essential steps in designingeffective interventions.Research Questions:Three research questions were proposed: 1) Are EMP sensation seekers as measured by Arnett's Inventory of Sensation Seeking? 2) Are EMP burnt out as measured by Revicki's Work-Related Strain Inventory? 3) Is there a relationship between sensation seeking and burnout among EMP?Methods:Emergency medical personnel attending a statewide conference in Texas, USA in late 1996 completed 425 survey instruments measuring sensation seeking and burnout as well as demographic items. Survey instruments were included in each registrant's conference package. Completed surveys were deposited anonymously in labeled receptacles throughout the statewide conference site. Data collection ceased at the end of the conference.Results:Emergency Medical Personne had significantly higher sensation–seeking total and intensity sub–scale scores than the general public. Full–time employees reported more sensation–seeking than volunteers or part–time employees. The younger the Emergency Medical Personne, the greater were their reported sensation seeking tendencies. Emergency Medical Personne reported more burnout in 1996 than in 1991. The older the Emergency Medical Personne, the lower was the reported level of burnout. Emergency Medical Personne who sought counseling for a work–related event reported more burnout than those who did not. Paid full–time Emergency Medical Personne reported higher burnout than did volunteers. There was a weak but positive correlation between sensation seeking and burnout, suggesting that these two dimensions may be unrelated.Conclusion:The field of emergency medical services attracts sensation seekers, and Emergency Medical Personne today report more burnout than their counterparts did in 1991. Although Emergency Medical Personne appear to be high in sensation seeking, this dimension alone does not protect them from the effects of burnout.
Evaluation of a Belly Board immobilisation device for rectal cancer patients receiving pre-operative chemoradiation
Authors: Gaya Andrew , Brulinski Patryk , Morris Stephen L. , Ball Kim A. , Greener Anthony G. , Corcoran Sue , Henrys Anthony , Landau David B. , Mikhaeel George , Leslie Martin D. , Winship Anna Z. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of a Belly Board immobilisation device for rectal cancer patients.Materials and methodsA randomised trial in patients receiving neo-adjuvant chemoradiation for rectal carcinoma was established. Patients were treated, prone with control arm, according to standard departmental protocol and experimental arm with the use of a Belly Board. All treatments were planned using a three-field technique. The primary endpoints were reproducibility and irradiated small bowel volume. Questionnaires were used to assess secondary endpoints of patient comfort, ease of set-up and acute toxicities.ResultsPre-planned interim analysis was performed after recruiting 30 patients. In all, 348 portal images were analysed retrospectively. Around 8 out of 12 parameters measuring set-up reproducibility were in favour of the Belly Board arm. Random error in the anterior–posterior direction was improved and statistically significant in the experimental arm (95% CI; p≤0·05). Small bowel V15 was significantly lower in the Belly Board position (mean V15=14·5%) compared with the standard position (mean V15=21·4%), paired t-test 95% CI; p=0·035. Also, patients’ comfort satisfaction was greater in the Belly Board arm.ConclusionsSet-up reproducibility, small bowel V15, patient comfort and satisfaction were all significantly improved by the use of the Belly Board.
EXTENSIONS ENTRE SÉRIES PRINCIPALES -ADIQUES ET MODULO DE
Authors: Hauseux Julien 
Published: August 2014

Soit$G$un groupe réductif connexe déployé sur une extension finie$F$de$\mathbb{Q}_{p}$. Nous déterminons les extensions entre séries principales continues unitaires$p$-adiques et lisses modulo$p$de$G(F)$dans le cas générique. Pour cela, nous calculons le delta-foncteur$\text{H}^{\bullet }\text{Ord}_{B(F)}$des parties ordinaires dérivées d’Emerton relatif à un sous-groupe de Borel sur certaines représentations induites de$G(F)$en utilisant une filtration de Bruhat. Ces extensions interviennent dans le programme de Langlands$p$-adique et modulo $p$.
RasGRP3 limits Toll-like receptor-triggered inflammatory response in macrophages by activating Rap1 small GTPase
Authors: Tang Songqing , Chen Taoyong , Yu Zhou , Zhu Xuhui , Yang Mingjin , Xie Bin , Li Nan , Cao Xuetao , Wang Jianli 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHost immune cells can detect and destruct invading pathogens via pattern-recognition receptors. Small Rap GTPases act as conserved molecular switches coupling extracellular signals to various cellular responses, but their roles as regulators in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling have not been fully elucidated. Here we report that Ras guanine nucleotide-releasing protein 3 (RasGRP3), a guanine nucleotide-exchange factor activating Ras and Rap1, limits production of proinflammatory cytokines (especially IL-6) in macrophages by activating Rap1 on activation by low levels of TLR agonists. We demonstrate that RasGRP3, a dominant member of RasGRPs in macrophages, impairs TLR3/4/9-induced IL-6 production and relieves dextrane sulphate sodium-induced colitis and collagen-induced arthritis. In RasGRP3-deficient RAW264.7 cells obtained by CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, TLR3/4/9-induced activation of Rap1 was inhibited while ERK1/2 activation was enhanced. Our study suggests that RasGRP3 limits inflammatory response by activating Rap1 on low-intensity pathogen infection, setting a threshold for preventing excessive inflammatory response.
Intrinsic and acquired resistance to MEK1/2 inhibitors in cancer
Authors: Sale Matthew J. , Cook Simon J. 
Published: August 2014

Recent clinical data with BRAF and MEK1/2 [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) kinase 1/2] inhibitors have demonstrated the remarkable potential of targeting the RAF–MEK1/2–ERK1/2 signalling cascade for the treatment of certain cancers. Despite these advances, however, only a subset of patients respond to these agents in the first instance, and, of those that do, acquired resistance invariably develops after several months. Studies in vitro have identified various mechanisms that can underpin intrinsic and acquired resistance to MEK1/2 inhibitors, and these frequently recapitulate those observed clinically. In the present article, we review these mechanisms and also discuss recent advances in our understanding of how MEK1/2 inhibitor activity is influenced by pathway feedback.
Cumulative Expenditures under the DI, SSI, Medicare, and Medicaid Programs for a Cohort of Disabled Working‐Age Adults
Authors: Riley Gerald F. , Rupp Kalman 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo estimate cumulative DI, SSI, Medicare, and Medicaid expenditures from initial disability benefit award to death or age 65.Data SourcesAdministrative records for a cohort of new CY2000 DI and SSI awardees aged 18–64.Study DesignActual expenditures were obtained for 2000–2006/7. Subsequent expenditures were simulated using a regression‐adjusted Markov process to assign individuals to annual disability benefit coverage states. Program expenditures were simulated conditional on assigned benefit coverage status. Estimates reflect present value of expenditures at initial award in 2000 and are expressed in constant 2012 dollars. Expenditure estimates were also updated to reflect benefit levels and characteristics of new awardees in 2012.Data CollectionWe matched records for a 10 percent nationally representative sample.Principal FindingsOverall average cumulative expenditures are $292,401 through death or age 65, with 51.4 percent for cash benefits and 48.6 percent for health care. Expenditures are about twice the average for individuals first awarded benefits at age 18–30. Overall average expenditures increased by 10 percent when updated for a simulated 2012 cohort.ConclusionsData on cumulative expenditures, especially combined across programs, are useful for evaluating the long‐term payoff of investments designed to modify entry to and exit from the disability rolls.
The Variability of Ecstasy Tablets Composition in Brazil
Authors: Togni Loraine R. , Lanaro Rafael , Resende Rodrigo R. , Costa Jose L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe content of ecstasy tablets has been changing over the years, and nowadays 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is not always present in the tablets. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition in the seized tablets labeled as ecstasy. We analyzed samples from 150 different seizures made by Sao Paulo's State Police by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. MDMA was present in 44.7% of the analyzed samples, and another twenty different active substances were identified in these tablets, such as caffeine, 2C‐B, piperazines, amphetamines, phencyclidine, and others. Methamphetamine was present in 22% of these samples. The results demonstrate a huge shift in the pattern of trafficking of synthetic drugs, where MDMA has been replaced in tablets mostly by illicit psychoactive substances, in a clear attempt to bypass the law. The great variability in the tablets composition may lead to an increased risk of drug poisoning.
Sensory Differences Between Beet and Cane Sugar Sources
Authors: Urbanus Brittany L. , Cox Ginnefer O. , Eklund Emily J. , Ickes Chelsea M. , Schmidt Shelly J. , Lee Soo‐Yeun 
Published: August 2014

AbstractResearch concerning the sensory properties of beet and cane sugars is lacking in the scientific literature. Therefore, the objectives of this research were to determine whether a sensory difference was perceivable between beet and cane sugar sources in regard to their (1) aroma‐only, (2) aroma and taste without nose clips, and (3) taste‐only with nose clips, and to characterize the difference between the sugar sources using descriptive analysis. One hundred panelists evaluated sugar samples using a tetrad test. A significant difference (P < 0.05) was identified between beet and cane sugar sources when evaluated by aroma‐only and taste and aroma without nose clips. However, there was no difference when tasted with nose clips. To characterize the observed differences, ten trained panelists identified and quantified key sensory attributes of beet and cane sugars using descriptive analysis. Analysis of variance indicated significant differences (P < 0.05) between sugar samples for 8 of the 10 attributes including: off‐dairy, oxidized, earthy, and barnyard aroma, fruity and burnt sugar aroma‐by‐mouth, sweet aftertaste, and burnt sugar aftertaste. The sensory profile of beet sugar was characterized by off‐dairy, oxidized, earthy, and barnyard aromas and by a burnt sugar aroma‐by‐mouth and aftertaste, whereas cane sugar was characterized by a fruity aroma‐by‐mouth and sweet aftertaste. This study shows that beet and cane sugar sources can be differentiated by their aroma and provides a sensory profile characterizing the differences. As sugar is used extensively as a food ingredient, sensory differences between beet and cane sugar sources once incorporated into different product matrices should be studied as a next step.
Emergency Department Provider Preferences Related to Clinical Practice Guidelines for Tobacco Cessation: A Multicenter Survey
Authors: Walters Elizabeth L. , Reibling Ellen T. , Wilber Scott T. , Sullivan Ashley F. , Gaeta Theodore J. , Camargo Carlos A. , Boudreaux Edwin D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to assess current emergency department (ED) provider practices and preferences for tobacco cessation interventions. The ED is an opportune place to initiate smoking cessation interventions. However, little is known about ED provider current practices and preferences for cessation counseling in the ED.MethodsThis was a survey of ED providers conducted in 2008–2009 (including physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and nurses), working at least half‐time at 10 U.S. academic EDs, regarding adherence to clinical practice guidelines (“5 As”) and preferences for cessation interventions/styles. Data analysis occurred in 2012–2013.ResultsThe response rate was 64% (800 out of 1,246 completed surveys). Providers reported strongest adherence to asking about patient smoking status, followed by advising, with significant variance by clinical role. Assessing, assisting, and arranging support for patients was low overall. Most frequently used interventions were to provide patients with a list of telephone numbers for stop‐smoking counseling (87%), pamphlets on smoking health risks and the benefits of stopping (85%), and referrals to the National Toll‐Free Smoker's Quitline (84%). Most providers (80%) were supportive of personally conducting brief (less than 3 minutes) smoking cessation counseling sessions during the ED visit, emphasizing education and encouragement. The least appealing intervention was writing a prescription for nicotine replacement therapies or medications to stop smoking (35%).ConclusionsInterventions most likely to be used were brief and delivered with a positive tone and included referral to external resources. The logical next step is to design and test interventions that ED providers find acceptable.
Effective Ovarian Stimulation in a Patient with Resistant Ovary Syndrome and Antigonadotrophin Antibodies
Authors: Rogenhofer Nina , Pavlik Roman , Jeschke Udo , Wypior Gabriele , Ochsenkühn Robert , Thaler Christian J. 
Published: August 2014

ProblemWe report on a successful ovarian stimulation and pregnancy in a patient with ‘resistant ovary syndrome’ (ROS) and antigonadotrophin antibodies. ROS is characterized by high endogenous gonadotrophins, low estradiol, normal ovarian antral follicle counts and normal antimuellerian hormone values.Method of StudyAfter cyclical hormone treatment, downregulation with GnRH analogue and ICSI procedure followed. Granulosa cells were treated with LH, FSH or hMG and expression of receptors for FSH, LH, oestrogen receptor beta (ERb) and progesterone receptor A (PR‐A) was determined. Serum of the patient was analysed for antibodies directed against hMG.ResultsAfter fertilization of ten metaphase II oocytes and transfer of two blastocysts, a singleton pregnancy was established. Stimulation of granulosa cells with FSH, LH and hMG upregulated ERb and PR‐A. Dot blot analysis showed strong reactivity with hMG but not with recFSH.ConclusionThis patient with normal expression of gonadotrophin receptors showed antibodies directed to hMG but not to recFSH.
Score test variable screening
Authors: Zhao Sihai Dave , Li Yi 
Published: August 2014

SummaryVariable screening has emerged as a crucial first step in the analysis of high‐throughput data, but existing procedures can be computationally cumbersome, difficult to justify theoretically, or inapplicable to certain types of analyses. Motivated by a high‐dimensional censored quantile regression problem in multiple myeloma genomics, this article makes three contributions. First, we establish a score test‐based screening framework, which is widely applicable, extremely computationally efficient, and relatively simple to justify. Secondly, we propose a resampling‐based procedure for selecting the number of variables to retain after screening according to the principle of reproducibility. Finally, we propose a new iterative score test screening method which is closely related to sparse regression. In simulations we apply our methods to four different regression models and show that they can outperform existing procedures. We also apply score test screening to an analysis of gene expression data from multiple myeloma patients using a censored quantile regression model to identify high‐risk genes.
Estimating the Aboveground Biomass of Bornean Forest
Authors: Budiharta Sugeng , Slik Ferry , Raes Niels , Meijaard Erik , Erskine Peter D. , Wilson Kerrie A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe apply a process‐based model, called 3‐PG (physiological principles for predicting growth), to estimate aboveground biomass for the primary forests of Borneo. Using publicly available soil and climate data, and parameterized with physiological traits of Bornean forest, the modeled aboveground biomass and basal area showed statistically significant relationships with field‐measured data from 85 sites across four major forest types. Our results highlight the possibility to expand the application of 3‐PG to forests of varying condition, which would facilitate inclusion of modeled forest biomass data for developing a Tier 3 carbon inventory system for Borneo.
Air pollution and emergency department visits for epistaxis
Authors: Szyszkowicz M. , Shutt R. , Kousha T. , Rowe B.H. 
Published: August 2014

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the association between outdoor ambient air pollution and emergency department (ED) visits for epistaxis.DesignCross‐sectional study, case–crossover design.SettingED visit data were obtained for Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, for a period of 10 years starting 1 April 1992 and ending March 31st of 2002. The data on ED visits were supplied by Capital Health for the five major acute care hospitals in the Edmonton area.ParticipantsThe analysis was performed for the population as a whole (N = 15 038) and split by sex: males (N = 8587) and females (N = 6451).Main outcome measuresWe explored associations between ambient concentrations of air pollutants (CO, NO2, SO2, O3, PM10, PM2.5) lagged by 0–4 days and ED visits for epistaxis in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.ResultsOdds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported for an increase in an interquartile range (IQR) of pollutant concentration. We obtained positive and statistically significant results for all patients with epistaxis; exposure to O3 with IQR = 14 ppb, OR = 1.05 (95% CI: 1.00–1.09, lag 0), and for males (age < 25 years), OR = 1.16 (1.03–1.30), lag 4; and to PM10 with IQR = 15 μg/m3, OR = 1.02 (1.00–1.05, lag 3). These results were stronger for older (age > 24 years) females.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that there may be an association between air pollutant exposure, specifically ozone and PM10, and the number of ED visits for epistaxis.
Diagnosis, management and outcome of early anastomotic leakage following colorectal anastomosis using a compression device: is it different?
Authors: Dauser B. , Herbst F. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimCompression anastomosis has proved to be safe for rectal reconstruction with leak rates comparable to those observed using circular stapling devices. However, there are no data on whether the metallic compression ring alters the ease of diagnosis or the treatment in cases of leakage. In this study, we present our experience with early leakage following compression anastomosis.MethodA prospective registry was used for data review. Patients with anastomotic leakage following compression anastomosis between November 2008 and September 2013 were included.ResultsIn all, 197 (92 female) patients were operated using a novel compression device. Early leakage was found in 10 (5.1%) patients after a median of 5 (3–14) days. The radiologist was able to detect leakage using CT in nine out of 10 cases unequivocally. Removal of the ring was necessary in eight of the 10 cases, and salvage of the anastomosis was feasible on six occasions. In all diverted cases with a low anastomosis, a transanal repair of the defect was feasible in three cases, including a single patient with complete separation of the anastomosis.ConclusionArtefacts on the CT scan caused by the compression ring did not hamper the diagnosis of anastomotic leakage. Removal of the ring in the early postoperative period is not associated with complete separation of the bowel ends. Salvage of anastomosis is feasible in most cases.
Prescribing patterns and adherence to medication among South‐Asian, Chinese and white people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Chong E. , Wang H. , King‐Shier K. M. , Quan H. , Rabi D. M. , Khan N. A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAimTo determine the prescribing of and adherence to oral hypoglycaemic agents, insulin, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers and statin therapy among South‐Asian, Chinese and white people with newly diagnosed diabetes.MethodsThe present study was a population‐based cohort study using administrative and pharmacy databases to include all South‐Asian, Chinese and white people aged ≥ 35 years with diabetes living in British Columbia, Canada (1997–2006). Adherence to each class of medication was measured using proportion of days covered over 1 year with optimum adherence defined as ≥ 80%.ResultsThe study population included 9529 South‐Asian, 14 084 Chinese and 143 630 white people with diabetes. The proportion of people who were prescribed angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, statin or oral hypoglycaemic agents was ≤ 50% for all groups. South‐Asian and Chinese people had significantly lower adherence for all medications than white people, with the lowest adherence to angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor treatment (South‐Asian people: adjusted odds ratio 0.37, 95% CI 0.34–0.39; P<0.0001; Chinese people: adjusted odds ratio 0.50, 95% CI 0.47–0.54; P<0.0001) and statin therapy (South‐Asian people: adjusted odds ratio 0.47, 95% CI 0.41 – 0.53, P < 0.0001; Chinese people: adjusted odds ratio 0.72, 95% CI 0.67 – 0.77; P<0.0001) compared with white people.ConclusionAdherence to evidence‐based pharmacotherapy was substantially worse among the South‐Asian and Chinese populations. Care providers need to be alerted to the high levels of non‐adherence in these groups and the underlying causes need to be investigated.