bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peers experience of delivering a problem‐solving programme to enhance antipsychotic medication adherence for individuals with schizophrenia
Authors: Boardman G. , Kerr D. , McCann T. 
Published: May 2015

Accessible summary
No research has been conducted into the experience of peer support in improving adherence with oral antipsychotic medication for consumers with schizophrenia.
Altruism influences peers to participate in peer support.
Engagement in peer support can be challenging and rewarding for peers, and helps improve their own confidence and well‐being.
AbstractMany consumers with schizophrenia are reluctant to take their prescribed antipsychotic medications; however, non‐adherence can lead to relapse. The aim of this study was to evaluate peers' perspectives of their participation in a problem‐solving peer support programme to enhance adherence in consumers who are reluctant to take antipsychotic medication. Peers contacted consumers by a weekly telephone call for 8 weeks, and used a problem‐solving approach to inform their discussion about medication adherence. Semi‐structured qualitative interviews were used to evaluate peers' perspectives of their involvement in the programme. Three main themes were abstracted from the data: motivation to participate in the study, experience of peer support programme, and rewards and challenges of the peer experience. Helping others was an important motivator for peers in agreeing to participate in the study. Telephone delivery was a convenient way to deliver the peer support programme. However, at times, it was difficult to contact consumers by telephone and this caused some frustration. Despite these difficulties, peers recognized that being involved in the programme increased their confidence and made them feel worthwhile. The findings have implications for the use of peer support as an adjunct intervention to promote medication adherence in consumers with schizophrenia.
Sprint performance of a generalist lizard running on different substrates: grip matters
Authors: Brandt R. , Galvani F. , Kohlsdorf T. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe relationships between locomotor performance and major features of environmental structure, such as incline and diameter, have been consistently identified in several vertebrate groups. The effects of variation in characteristics such as texture and structural complexity, in contrast, remain neglected, and associations between sprint speeds achieved during steady‐level locomotion and the way an animal grips the surface are particularly obscure. In the present study, we have used the habitat generalist lizard Tropidurus torquatus to test the hypothesis that animals run faster on the substrates where gripping performance is higher. We ran 18 individuals on seven different substrates (wood, thin and coarse sand, coarse gravel, rock, leaf litter and grass) and recorded their maximum speeds using high‐speed cameras. Surfaces were characterized for height variation and grip, the last given by average grip performance achieved by lizards of different sizes. Maximum sprint speeds were highest on rock and grass and lowest on thin and coarse sand, and variation in performance among substrates was explained by grip: substrates in which lizards gripped stronger are those that enhanced average maximum sprint speed. This study is the first report providing evidence for variation in maximum sprint speeds achieved by a generalist lizard running on different substrates, and demonstrates how friction resulting from the interaction of the lizard with the substrate may be critically important for sprint speed.
Developing Self‐Directed Executive Functioning: Recent Findings and Future Directions
Authors: Barker Jane E. , Munakata Yuko 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTHow do children become increasingly self‐directed across development, achieving their goals without help from others? How might such developments be impacted by societal changes in how children spend their time? Children's abilities to achieve their goals are supported by developing executive functions (EFs), cognitive processes that predict important life outcomes. Efforts to improve children's EFs have benefitted their externally driven executive functioning, where goals and instructions are provided by others. Less is known about self‐directed EF, when children must decide independently what to do and when. We present recent findings demonstrating that children are better at engaging self‐directed EF when they have good understanding of options to choose among, and if they spend time in activities that they play a large role in directing. Within this context, we discuss the potential role of opportunities to plan, mind‐wander, and play, and present the critical next steps in investigating the influence of changing environments on self‐directed EF.
A Complexity Approach Toward Mind–Brain–Education (MBE); Challenges and Opportunities in Educational Intervention and Research
Authors: Steenbeek Henderien W. , van Geert Paul L. C. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn the context of an educational or clinical intervention, we often ask questions such as “How does this intervention influence the task behavior of autistic children?” or “How does working memory influence inhibition of immediate responses?” What do we mean by the word influence here? In this article, we introduce the framework of complex dynamic systems (CDS) to disentangle the meaning of words such as influence, and to discuss the issue of education and intervention as something that takes place in the form of complex, real‐time, situated processes. What are the applied implications of such a CDS framework? Can we use it to improve education? Five general principles—process laws—are introduced, which can be used to guide the way we formulate research questions and methods, and the way we use the results of such research. In addition, we briefly discuss a project in progress, in which we ourselves attempt to apply the process laws that govern educational activities. Finally, we report about a discussion about the usability of the process laws, both in educational research and in the classroom, as was held during our workshop at the Mind, Brain, and Education Conference, November 2014.
Reintroduction of locally extinct vertebrates impacts arid soil fungal communities
Authors: Clarke Laurence J. , Weyrich Laura S. , Cooper Alan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIntroduced species have contributed to extinction of native vertebrates in many parts of the world. Changes to vertebrate assemblages are also likely to alter microbial communities through coextinction of some taxa and the introduction of others. Many attempts to restore degraded habitats involve removal of exotic vertebrates (livestock and feral animals) and reintroduction of locally extinct species, but the impact of such reintroductions on microbial communities is largely unknown. We used high‐throughput DNA sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer I (ITS1) region to examine whether replacing exotic vertebrates with reintroduced native vertebrates led to changes in soil fungal communities at a reserve in arid central Australia. Soil fungal diversity was significantly different between dune and swale (interdune) habitats. Fungal communities also differed significantly between sites with exotic or reintroduced native vertebrates after controlling for the effect of habitat. Several fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) found exclusively inside the reserve were present in scats from reintroduced native vertebrates, providing a direct link between the vertebrate assemblage and soil microbial communities. Our results show that changes to vertebrate assemblages through local extinctions and the invasion of exotic species can alter soil fungal communities. If local extinction of one or several species results in the coextinction of microbial taxa, the full complement of ecological interactions may never be restored.
A cis‐acting antitoxin domain within the chromosomal toxin–antitoxin module EzeT of Escherichia coli quenches toxin activity
Authors: Rocker Andrea , Meinhart Anton 
Published: May 2015

SummaryToxin–antitoxin (TA) systems are widespread genetic modules in the genomes of bacteria and archaea emerging as key players that modulate bacterial physiology. They consist of two parts, a toxic component that blocks an essential cellular process and an antitoxin that inhibits this toxic activity during normal growth. According to the nature of the antitoxin and the mode of inhibition, TA systems are subdivided into different types. Here, we describe the characterization of a type II‐like TA system in Escherichia coli called EzeT. While in conventional type II systems the antitoxin is expressed in trans to form an inactive protein–protein complex, EzeT consists of two domains combining toxin and cis‐acting antitoxin functionalities in a single polypeptide chain. We show that the C‐terminal domain of EzeT is homologous to zeta toxins and is toxic in vivo. The lytic phenotype could be attributed to UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine phosphorylation, so far only described for type II epsilon/zeta systems from Gram‐positive streptococci. Presence of the N‐terminal domain inhibits toxicity in vivo and strongly attenuates kinase activity. Autoinhibition by a cis‐acting antitoxin as described here for EzeT‐type TA systems can explain the occurrence of single or unusually large toxins, further expanding our understanding of the TA system network.
Estimating maximal force output of cetaceans using axial locomotor muscle morphology
Authors: Arthur Logan H. , Mclellan William A. , Piscitelli Marina A. , Rommel Sentiel A. , Woodward Becky L. , Winn Jeremy P. , Potter Charles W. , Ann Pabst D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCetaceans span a large range of body sizes and include species with the largest known locomotor muscles. To date, force output and thrust production have only been directly measured in the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), although thrust forces have been hydrodynamically modeled for some whales. In this study, two metrics of epaxial muscle size—cross‐sectional area (CSA) and mass—were used to estimate force output for 22 species (n = 83 specimens) ranging in size from bottlenose dolphins to blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus). Relative to total body length (TL), maximum force output estimated based upon both muscle CSA (TL1.56 ± 0.05) and mass (TL2.64 ± 0.07) scaled at rates lower than those predicted by geometric scaling, suggesting relative force output decreases with increasing body size in cetaceans. Estimated maximal force outputs were compared to both published drag forces and to the breaking strengths of commercial fishing lines known to entangle whales. The breaking strengths of these lines are within the same order of magnitude, and in some cases, exceed the estimated maximal force output of whales. These results suggest that while powerful animals, large whales may be unable to break the extremely strong fishing line used today.
Neonatal case of novel KMT2D mutation in Kabuki syndrome with severe hypoglycemia
Authors: Gohda Yuji , Oka Shohki , Matsunaga Takamoto , Watanabe Satoshi , Yoshiura Koh‐ichiro , Kondoh Tatsuro , Matsumoto Tadashi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA newborn Japanese girl with Kabuki syndrome had neonatal persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, which seemed to be a rare complication of Kabuki syndrome. On sequence analysis she was found to have a novel heterozygous KMT2D mutation. Diazoxide therapy was effective for the hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia should be considered when Kabuki syndrome patients have convulsion or other non‐specific symptoms. Diazoxide may help to improve hypoglycemia in patients with Kabuki syndrome complicated with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia.
The Effects of Sport-Specific Maximal Strength and Conditioning Training on Critical Velocity, Anaerobic Running Distance, and 5-km Race Performance
Authors: Karsten Bettina , Stevens Liesbeth , Colpus Mark , Larumbe-Zabala Eneko , Naclerio Fernando 
Published: May 2015

Purpose:To investigate the effects of a sport-specific maximal 6-wk strength and conditioning program on critical velocity (CV), anaerobic running distance (ARD), and 5-km time-trial performance (TT).Methods:16 moderately trained recreational endurance runners were tested for CV, ARD, and TT performances on 3 separate occasions (baseline, midstudy, and poststudy).Design:Participants were randomly allocated into a strength and conditioning group (S&C; n = 8) and a comparison endurance-trainingonly group (EO; n = 8). During the first phase of the study (6 wk), the S&C group performed concurrent maximal strength and endurance training, while the EO group performed endurance-only training. After the retest of all variables (midstudy), both groups subsequently, during phase 2, performed another 6 wk of endurance-only training that was followed by poststudy tests.Results:No significant change for CV was identified in either group. The S&C group demonstrated a significant decrease for ARD values after phases 1 and 2 of the study. TT performances were significantly different in the S&C group after the intervention, with a performance improvement of 3.62%. This performance increase returned close to baseline after the 6-wk endurance-only training.Conclusion:Combining a 6-wk resistance-training program with endurance training significantly improves 5-km TT performance. Removing strength training results in some loss of those performance improvements.
The Lower-Extremity Functional Test and Lower-Quadrant Injury in NCAA Division III Athletes: A Descriptive and Epidemiologic Report
Authors: Brumitt Jason , Heiderscheit Bryan C. , Manske Robert C. , Niemuth Paul , Mattocks Alma , Rauh Mitchell J. 
Published: May 2015

Context:The Lower-Extremity Functional Test (LEFT) has been used to assess readiness to return to sport after a lowerextremity injury. Current recommendations suggest that women should complete the LEFT in 135 s (average; range 120–150 s) and men should complete the test in 100 s (average; range 90–125 s). However, these estimates are based on limited data and may not be reflective of college athletes. Thus, additional assessment, including normative data, of the LEFT in sport populations is warranted.Objective:To examine LEFT times based on descriptive information and off-season training habits in NCAA Division III (DIII) athletes. In addition, this study prospectively examined the LEFT’s ability to discriminate sport-related injury occurrence.Design:Descriptive epidemiology.Setting:DIII university.Subjects:189 DIII college athletes (106 women, 83 men) from 15 teams.Main Outcome Measures:LEFT times, preseason questionnaire, and time-loss injuries during the sport season.Results:Men completed the LEFT (105 ± 9 s) significantly faster than their female counterparts (117 ± 10 s) (P < .0001). Female athletes who reported >3–5 h/wk of plyometric training during the off-season had significantly slower LEFT scores than those who performed ≤3 h/wk of plyometric training (P = .03). The overall incidence of a lower-quadrant (LQ) time-loss injury for female athletes was 4.5/1000 athletic exposures (AEs) and 3.7/1000 AEs for male athletes. Female athletes with slower LEFT scores (≥118 s) experienced a higher rate of LQ time-loss injuries than those with faster LEFT scores (≤117 s) (P = .03).Conclusion:Only off-season plyometric training practices seem to affect LEFT score times among female athletes. Women with slower LEFT scores are more likely to be injured than those with faster LEFT scores. Injury rates in men were not influenced by performance on the LEFT.
Can an earthquake of M
w
∼9 occur in the Himalayan region?
Authors: Gupta H. K. , Gahalaut V. K. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

It has been suggested that all of the Earth's subduction zones are capable of producing an M
w
∼9 earthquake. Such a possibility has also been suggested for the Himalayan collisional arc. We examined recent and historical earthquakes in the Himalayan region and suggest that, in the past few hundred years, only great earthquakes (M
w
∼8) have occurred in the region, the largest being the 1950 Assam earthquake with M
w
8.6. Several aseismic ridges segment the Himalayan arc and these appear to have limited the extent of rupture in earthquakes of the past 200 years. There is also evidence of distributed deformation and out-of-sequence thrusting, where only part of the detachment participates in the accommodation of the convergence. We concluded that, although it is unlikely that an M
w
∼9 earthquake could occur in the Himalaya, from the hazard point of view a great earthquake of M
w
∼8 anywhere along the Himalayan arc could kill about one million people in the Himalaya and adjoining Indo-Ganga plains. As an example, a scenario developed for a hypothetical M
w
8 earthquake occurring in the middle of the night at Mandi, close to the epicentre of the 1905 Kangra earthquake, predicts an estimated loss of one million human lives.
Drug Redeployment to Kill Leukemia and Lymphoma Cells by Disrupting SCD1-Mediated Synthesis of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Southam Andrew D. , Khanim Farhat L. , Hayden Rachel E. , Constantinou Julia K. , Koczula Katarzyna M. , Michell Robert H. , Viant Mark R. , Drayson Mark T. , Bunce Chris M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The redeployed drug combination of bezafibrate and medroxyprogesterone acetate (designated BaP) has potent in vivo anticancer activity in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and endemic Burkitt lymphoma (eBL) patients; however, its mechanism-of-action is unclear. Given that elevated fatty acid biosynthesis is a hallmark of many cancers and that these drugs can affect lipid metabolism, we hypothesized that BaP exerts anticancer effects by disrupting lipogenesis. We applied mass spectrometry–based lipidomics and gene and protein expression measurements of key lipogenic enzymes [acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1)] to AML and eBL cell lines treated with BaP. BaP treatment decreased fatty acid and phospholipid biosynthesis from 13C D-glucose. The proportion of phospholipid species with saturated and monounsaturated acyl chains was also decreased after treatment, whereas those with polyunsaturated chains increased. BaP decreased SCD1 protein levels in each cell line (0.46- to 0.62-fold; P &lt; 0.023) and decreased FASN protein levels across all cell lines (0.87-fold decrease; P = 1.7 × 10−4). Changes to ACC1 protein levels were mostly insignificant. Supplementation with the SCD1 enzymatic product, oleate, rescued AML and e-BL cells from BaP cell killing and decreased levels of BaP-induced reactive oxygen species, whereas supplementation with the SCD1 substrate (and FASN product), palmitate, did not rescue cells. In conclusion, these data suggest that the critical anticancer actions of BaP are decreases in SCD1 levels and monounsaturated fatty acid synthesis. To our knowledge, this is the first time that clinically available antileukemic and antilymphoma drugs targeting SCD1 have been reported. Cancer Res; 75(12); 2530–40. ©2015 AACR.
Functional Variants in Notch Pathway Genes NCOR2, NCSTN, and MAML2 Predict Survival of Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Zhang Weikang , Liu Hongliang , Liu Zhensheng , Zhu Dakai , Amos Christopher I. , Fang Shenying , Lee Jeffrey E. , Wei Qingyi 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Background: The Notch signaling pathway is constitutively activated in human cutaneous melanoma to promote growth and aggressive metastatic potential of primary melanoma cells. Therefore, genetic variants in Notch pathway genes may affect the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma patients.
Methods: We identified 6,256 SNPs in 48 Notch genes in 858 cutaneous melanoma patients included in a previously published cutaneous melanoma genome-wide association study dataset. Multivariate and stepwise Cox proportional hazards regression and false-positive report probability corrections were performed to evaluate associations between putative functional SNPs and cutaneous melanoma disease-specific survival. Receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed, and area under the curve was used to assess the classification performance of the model.
Results: Four putative functional SNPs of Notch pathway genes had independent and joint predictive roles in survival of cutaneous melanoma patients. The most significant variant was NCOR2 rs2342924 T&gt;C (adjusted HR, 2.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.73–4.23; Ptrend = 9.62 × 10−7), followed by NCSTN rs1124379 G&gt;A, NCOR2 rs10846684 G&gt;A, and MAML2 rs7953425 G&gt;A (Ptrend = 0.005, 0.005, and 0.013, respectively). The receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that area under the curve was significantly increased after adding the combined unfavorable genotype score to the model containing the known clinicopathologic factors.
Conclusions: Our results suggest that SNPs in Notch pathway genes may be predictors of cutaneous melanoma disease-specific survival.
Impact: Our discovery offers a translational potential for using genetic variants in Notch pathway genes as a genotype score of biomarkers for developing an improved prognostic assessment and personalized management of cutaneous melanoma patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(7); 1101–10. ©2015 AACR.
Creation of a Human Secretome: A Novel Composite Library of Human Secreted Proteins: Validation Using Ovarian Cancer Gene Expression Data and a Virtual Secretome Array
Authors: Vathipadiekal Vinod , Wang Victoria , Wei Wei , Waldron Levi , Drapkin Ronny , Gillette Michael , Skates Steven , Birrer Michael 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Purpose: To generate a comprehensive “Secretome” of proteins potentially found in the blood and derive a virtual Affymetrix array. To validate the utility of this database for the discovery of novel serum-based biomarkers using ovarian cancer transcriptomic data.
Experimental Design: The secretome was constructed by aggregating the data from databases of known secreted proteins, transmembrane or membrane proteins, signal peptides, G-protein coupled receptors, or proteins existing in the extracellular region, and the virtual array was generated by mapping them to Affymetrix probeset identifiers. Whole-genome microarray data from ovarian cancer, normal ovarian surface epithelium, and fallopian tube epithelium were used to identify transcripts upregulated in ovarian cancer.
Results: We established the secretome from eight public databases and a virtual array consisting of 16,521 Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 probesets. Using ovarian cancer transcriptomic data, we identified candidate blood-based biomarkers for ovarian cancer and performed bioinformatic validation by demonstrating rediscovery of known biomarkers including CA125 and HE4. Two novel top biomarkers (FGF18 and GPR172A) were validated in serum samples from an independent patient cohort.
Conclusions: We present the secretome, comprising the most comprehensive resource available for protein products that are potentially found in the blood. The associated virtual array can be used to translate gene-expression data into cancer biomarker discovery. A list of blood-based biomarkers for ovarian cancer detection is reported and includes CA125 and HE4. FGF18 and GPR172A were identified and validated by ELISA as being differentially expressed in the serum of ovarian cancer patients compared with controls. Clin Cancer Res; 21(21); 4960–9. ©2015 AACR.