bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Drying Temperature on Surface Morphology and Electric Behavior of IGZO Thin Film Prepared by Solution Process
Authors: Fukuda Nobuko , Ogura Shintaro , Abe Koji , Ushijima Hirobumi 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTWe have achieved a drastic improvement of the performance as thin film transistor (TFT) for solution-processed IGZO thin film by controlling drying temperature of solvents containing the precursor solution. The IGZO-precursor solution was prepared by mixing of metal nitrates and two kinds of organic solvents, 2-methoxyethanol (2ME) and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). 2ME was used for dissolving metal nitrates. TFE was added as a solvent for reducing surface tension as small as possible, leading to improvement of the wettability of the precursor solution on the surface of the substrate. In order to discuss the relationship between morphology and drying process, the spin-coated IGZO-precursor films were dried at room temperature and 140 °C on a hotplate, respectively. Annealing of the both films was carried out at 300 °C in an electric oven for 60 min after each drying process. Drying at room temperature provides a discontinuous film, resulting in a large variation of the TFT performance. On the other hand, drying at 140 °C provides a continuous film, resulting in the higher TFT performance and a minor variation. The difference in surface morphologies would be derived from the evaporation rate of the organic solvents. The rapid evaporation at 140 °C brings about rapid pinning of the spin-coated precursor layer on the substrate. Preparation process via the drying at 140 °C gave ∼ 1 cm2 V-1 s-1 of the saturated mobility, quite small hysteresis, and 107∼ 108 of the on-off ratio.
Ionic Liquid Electrochemical Synthesis of Earth Abundant Monophase Chalcostibite p-CuSbS2 Photo-absorber Thin films for Heterojunction Solar Cells With n-ZnO
Authors: Janardhana Nishanth R. , Sidhu Navjot Kaur , Thankalekshmi Ratheesh R. , Rastogi Alok C. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTSingle step synthesis of monophase CuSbS2 thin films by electro-deposition in ionic liquid electrolyte based on choline chloride and urea (ChCl:U) eutectic mixture is described. The formation of binary CuxS and SbxSy film phases using CuCl2 and SbCl3 precursors along with Na2S2O3 as sulfur source in ChCl:U are established as -0.59 V and -0.36 V vs. Pt, respectively by cyclic voltammetry and used to optimize CuSbS2 thin films growth potential and precursor composition. CuSbS2 films deposited at -0.65 V vs Pt with 1:1 Cu to Sb precursor ratio at 80⁰C are highly crystalline in chalcostibite orthorhombic structure. Deviant Cu/Sb ratio at 1:0.71 and 1:1.4 reveal inclusion of Cu3SbS3 and Sb2S3, respectively. Direct 1.65 eV band gap for single phase CuSbS2 film and with inclusive secondary phases at 1.73±0.1 eV and 2.13 eV is observed. As-deposited CuSbS2 films are p-type and n-p hetero-junction device in the n-ZnO/p-CuSbS2/Ag structure shows rectifying I-V curves and dependence on the CuSbS2 film growth conditions.
Computational study of the optical properties of ZnS nanoparticles
Authors: Sigalas M. M. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTUsing the density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent DFT, within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), the electronic and optical properties of stoichiometric (ZnS)n nanoparticles (NP) were calculated. The dependence of the gap on the size (n) of the nanoparticle will be presented. The effect of replacing S atoms with P, Se or Te atoms in the (ZnS)n nanoparticles and its influence in the gap will be also shown.
Electrochemical Performance of Lithium-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors based on Activated Carbon and Nanoplatelet Li4Ti5O12 Insertion Electrode Synthesized by Nanoscission Technique
Authors: Singh Sandeep , Rastogi Alok C , Omenya Fredrick , Whittingham M Stanley , Lal Archit , Upreti Shailesh 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTElectrochemical performance of hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) utilizing surface sculpted Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) insertion electrode having nanoplatelet-like morphology and activated carbon (AC) electrode is investigated for energy storage application. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) at variable scan rates 0.5 to 60 mV.s-1 in the 0-3.2 V range show pseusocapacitive behavior and fast rate of current change indicating rapid Faradaic kinetics. Nyquist impedance study show charge transfer resistance due to kinetic effects of electron transfer and Li+ de-intercalation process at the LTO anode. Low capacity (0.2 C-1C) charge-discharge (CD) curves show high Coulomb efficiency with marginal reduction at high 5-10 C rates due to irreversibility of adsorbed PF6 anions at the electrolyte-AC interface. Galvanostatic CD cycling tests over 50 cycles at different C-rates show decline in storage capacity due to electrode polarization effects. Reduction, broadening and shift of the Raman line at 678 cm-1 from Ti-O bonds in TiO6 octahedra after cycling indicates Li insertion reactions in functioning of hybrid supercapacitor. The hybrid supercapacitor cells have shown energy density, 29 Wh.kg-1 and power density, 350 W.kg-1.
The Role of Coulombic Forces in Quasi-Two Dimensional Electrochemical Deposition
Authors: Marshall G. , Mocskos P. , Molina F. , Dengra S. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTRecent work demonstrates the relevant influence of convection during growth pattern formation in thin-layer electrochemical deposition. Convection is driven mainly by coulombic forces due to local charges at the tip of the aggregation and by buoyancy forces due to concentration gradients. Here we study through physical experiments and numerical modeling the regime under which coulombic forces are important. In the experimental measurements fluid motion near the growing tips of the deposit is visualized with neutrally buoyant latex spheres and its speed measured with videomicroscope tracking techniques and image processing software. The numerical modeling consists in the solution of the 2D dimensionless Nernst-Planck equations for ion concentrations, the Poisson equation for the electric field and the Navier-Stokes equations for the fluid flow, and a stochastic growth rule for ion deposition. A new set of dimensionless numbers governing electroconvection dominated flows is introduced. Preliminary experimental measurements and numerical results indicate that in the electroconvection dominated regime coulombic forces increase with the applied voltage, and their influence over growth pattern formation can be assessed with the magnitude of the dimensionless electric Froude number. It is suggested that when this number decreases the deposit morphology changes from fractal to dense branching.
The Inverted Meyer-Neldel Rule in the Conductance of Nanostructured Silicon Field-Effect Devices
Authors: Schropp R.E.I. , Meiling H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThin film transistors (TFTs) offer the possibility to study the electronic transport properties of an intrinsic semiconductor as a function of the Fermi level position without the introduction of dopants and/or doping related defects. Recently, we reported on the first TFTs incorporating nanostructured silicon deposited with the Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition technique. These structures offer significant advantages over conventional plasma-deposited amorphous silicon TFTs. First of all, the HW deposited nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) TFTs do not show any threshold voltage shift upon prolonged gate voltage stress. Therefore, it is now possible to study the transport characteristics at a relatively large gate voltage in a controlled fashion, unhampered by any drift of the characteristics due to the creation of metastable electronic defect states and/or charge trapping. Second, the result of the field effect is that the Fermi energy moves into the conduction band of the virtually defect-free nanocrystalline domains in the channel region of the TFT. As the effective mobility gap of the surrounding amorphous phase is higher than that of the silicon crystallites, the Fermi energy is driven deep into the band-tail distribution of the amorphous phase, a situation that could never be achieved in purely amorphous silicon TFTs nor by heavily doping an amorphous semiconductor. Thus, the nanostructured nature of the silicon thin film near the gate insulator allows to shift the Fermi level far into the tail states region of the amorphous phase. This situation reveals for the first time the inverted Meyer-Neldel relationship in an intrinsic semiconductor.
Critical Considerations in Polymer Thin-Film Transistor (TFT) Dielectrics
Authors: Raja Munira , Lloyd Giles , Sedghi Naser , Higgins Simon J. , Eccleston William 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe present a study of aqueous and plasma anodised aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and its performance in thin film transistors (TFTs). The current through the oxide was measured with aluminium electrodes and with one of the electrode replaced by poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT). The current increased by up to 2 orders of magnitude with P3HT. The current increased further when the polymer was doped with different percentages of 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). It was also found to be dependent on the thickness of the polymer film. Surprisingly, the oxide current fell to its initial value when the polymer film was removed. Two mechanisms may explain the behaviour in these devices: charge injection and/or displacement. C-V plots were obtained from the MOS capacitors and were frequency dependent. They also showed substantial hysteresis, with a lateral shift along the voltage axis. This indicates the presence of a mobile species that increases with the concentration of dopant. We deduce that much of the increased gate current is associated with displacement currents induced by ion motion.
ESDA and the analysis of contested contemporaneous notes of police interviews
Authors: Davis Tom 
Published: March 2015

In this paper I propose to tell part of the story of ESDA and the analysis of police interview notes. I will describe the ESDA machine and its functioning; I will describe the notes themselves and the rules governing their taking, known as PACE: the Police and Criminal Evidence Act of 1984. I will describe the techniques that have been developed to use ESDA for this purpose, and the problems and pitfalls associated with these techniques. Finally, I will give a detailed account of one case.
BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutations in Ethnic Lebanese Arab Women With High Hereditary Risk Breast Cancer
Authors: El Saghir Nagi S. , Zgheib Nathalie K. , Assi Hussein A. , Khoury Katia E. , Bidet Yannick , Jaber Sara M. , Charara Raghid N. , Farhat Rania A. , Kreidieh Firas Y. , Decousus Stephanie , Romero Pierre , Nemer Georges M. , Salem Ziad , Shamseddine Ali , Tfayli Arafat , Abbas Jaber , Jamali Faek , Seoud Muhieddine , Armstrong Deborah K. , Bignon Yves-Jean , Uhrhammer Nancy 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Purpose.
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in Lebanon and in Arab countries, with 50% of cases presenting before the age of 50 years.

Methods.
Between 2009 and 2012, 250 Lebanese women with breast cancer who were considered to be at high risk of carrying BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations because of presentation at young age and/or positive family history (FH) of breast or ovarian cancer were recruited. Clinical data were analyzed statistically. Coding exons and intron-exon boundaries of BRCA1 and BRCA2 were sequenced from peripheral blood DNA. All patients were tested for BRCA1 rearrangements using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). BRCA2 MLPA was done in selected cases.

Results.
Overall, 14 of 250 patients (5.6%) carried a deleterious BRCA mutation (7 BRCA1, 7 BRCA2) and 31 (12.4%) carried a variant of uncertain significance. Eight of 74 patients (10.8%) aged ≤40 years with positive FH and only 1 of 74 patients (1.4%) aged ≤40 years without FH had a mutated BRCA. Four of 75 patients (5.3%) aged 41–50 years with FH had a deleterious mutation. Only 1 of 27 patients aged &gt;50 years at diagnosis had a BRCA mutation. All seven patients with BRCA1 mutations had grade 3 infiltrating ductal carcinoma and triple-negative breast cancer. Nine BRCA1 and 17 BRCA2 common haplotypes were observed.

Conclusion.
Prevalence of deleterious BRCA mutations is lower than expected and does not support the hypothesis that BRCA mutations alone cause the observed high percentage of breast cancer in young women of Lebanese and Arab descent. Studies to search for other genetic mutations are recommended.
4. VIVER A VIDA PARA MORRER A MORTE (sobre A Morte de Ivan Ilitch)
Authors: JÚLIO Ana Luíza 
Published: March 2015

<p>O presente artigo é baseado no texto – novela de Leon Tolstói referente ao parco sentido de vida vivida por um juíz e sua família, até que, na eminência de proximidade da morte, ele resolve buscar-lhe o sentido, para além das suas relações de poder com que ele se satisfizera até então. É um excelente tratado sobre a ilusão dos sentidos quando se valoriza o status sócio-econômico classe mediano, em detrimento à valores de ordem existencial, que possam superar a dimensão existencial.</p>
7. SENTENÇAS ILÍQUIDAS: CAUSAS (?)
Authors: RAMOS Liane Slaviero 
Published: March 2015

<p>O presente trabalho tem por finalidade perquirir dentro do sistema jurídico brasileiro quais as causas que geram um provimento jurisdicional ilíquido, ou seja, que não está apto a embasar uma demanda executiva eis que carente de um requisito, bem como investigar se a iliquidez é prejudicial à tutela jurisdicional constitucional.</p><p> </p>
4. LA BIOETICA COMO DESAFIO A LOS JURISTAS EN TIEMPOS DE FENOMENOS COMPLEJOS
Authors: ANDRUET Armando 
Published: March 2015

<p> </p>Este articulo tiene como objetivo analizar la destacada ‘juridización de la bioética’ que no es ‘bioetización del derecho’, supondrá que con el tiempo, se tengan que decantar un conjunto de principios que resuman de alguna manera lo que constituye la práctica habitual de dicho ámbito
Emergency Department Visits for Nontraumatic Dental Problems: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Sun Benjamin C. , Chi Donald L. , Schwarz Eli , Milgrom Peter , Yagapen Annick , Malveau Susan , Chen Zunqui , Chan Ben , Danner Sankirtana , Owen Erin , Morton Vickie , Lowe Robert A. 
Published: March 2015

Objectives. We documented emergency department (ED) visits for nontraumatic dental problems and identified strategies to reduce ED dental visits.Methods. We used mixed methods to analyze claims in 2010 from a purposive sample of 25 Oregon hospitals and Oregon’s All Payer All Claims data set and interviewed 51 ED dental visitors and stakeholders from 6 communities.Results. Dental visits accounted for 2.5% of ED visits and represented the second-most-common discharge diagnosis in adults aged 20 to 39 years, were associated with being uninsured (odds ratio [OR] = 5.2 [reference: commercial insurance]; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.8, 5.5) or having Medicaid insurance (OR = 4.0; 95% CI = 3.7, 4.2), resulted in opioid (56%) and antibiotic (56%) prescriptions, and generated $402 (95% CI = $396, $408) in hospital costs per visit. Interviews revealed health system, community, provider, and patient contributors to ED dental visits. Potential solutions provided by interviewees included Medicaid benefit expansion, care coordination, water fluoridation, and patient education.Conclusions. Emergency department dental visits are a significant and costly public health problem for vulnerable individuals. Future efforts should focus on implementing multilevel interventions to reduce ED dental visits.
Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Differences in Short-Term Breast Cancer Survival Among Women in an Integrated Health System
Authors: Keegan Theresa H. M. , Kurian Allison W. , Gali Kathleen , Tao Li , Lichtensztajn Daphne Y. , Hershman Dawn L. , Habel Laurel A. , Caan Bette J. , Gomez Scarlett L. 
Published: March 2015

Objectives. We examined the combined influence of race/ethnicity and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) on short-term survival among women with uniform access to health care and treatment. Methods. Using electronic medical records data from Kaiser Permanente Northern California linked to data from the California Cancer Registry, we included 6262 women newly diagnosed with invasive breast cancer. We analyzed survival using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression with follow-up through 2010. Results. After consideration of tumor stage, subtype, comorbidity, and type of treatment received, non-Hispanic White women living in low-SES neighborhoods (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07, 1.52) and African Americans regardless of neighborhood SES (high SES: HR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.01, 2.07; low SES: HR = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.42, 2.50) had worse overall survival than did non-Hispanic White women living in high-SES neighborhoods. Results were similar for breast cancer–specific survival, except that African Americans and non-Hispanic Whites living in high-SES neighborhoods had similar survival. Conclusions. Strategies to address the underlying factors that may influence treatment intensity and adherence, such as comorbidities and logistical barriers, should be targeted at low-SES non-Hispanic White and all African American patients.
Incidence and Prevalence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among Arab and Chaldean Americans in Southeastern Michigan: The Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance Program
Authors: Housey Michelle , DeGuire Peter , Lyon-Callo Sarah , Wang Lu , Marder Wendy , McCune W. Joseph , Helmick Charles G. , Gordon Caroline , Dhar J. Patricia , Leisen James , Somers Emily C. 
Published: March 2015

Objectives. We assessed the burden of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) among Arab and Chaldean Americans residing in southeast Michigan. Methods. For those meeting SLE criteria from the Michigan Lupus Epidemiology and Surveillance Registry, we determined Arab or Chaldean ethnicity by links with demographic data from birth certificates and with a database of Arab and Chaldean names. We compared prevalence and incidence of SLE for Arab and Chaldean Americans with estimates for non-Arab and non-Chaldean American Whites and Blacks. Results. We classified 54 individuals with SLE as Arab and Chaldean Americans. The age-adjusted incidence and prevalence estimates for Arab and Chaldean Americans were 7.6 and 62.6 per 100 000, respectively. Arab and Chaldean Americans had a 2.1-fold excess SLE incidence compared with non-Arab and non-Chaldean American Whites. Arab and Chaldean American women had both significantly higher incidence rates (5.0-fold increase) and prevalence estimates (7.4-fold increase) than did Arab and Chaldean American men. Conclusions. Recognizing that Arab and Chaldean Americans experience different disease burdens from Whites is a first step toward earlier diagnosis and designing targeted interventions. Better methods of assigning ethnicity would improve research in this population.
Effects of a 2009 Illinois Alcohol Tax Increase on Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes
Authors: Wagenaar Alexander C. , Livingston Melvin D. , Staras Stephanie S. 
Published: March 2015

Objectives. We examined the effects of a 2009 increase in alcohol taxes in Illinois on alcohol-related fatal motor vehicle crashes. Methods. We used an interrupted time-series design, with intrastate and cross-state comparisons and measurement derived from driver alcohol test results, for 104 months before and 28 months after enactment. Our analyses used autoregressive moving average and generalized linear mixed Poisson models. We examined both population-wide effects and stratifications by alcohol level, age, gender, and race. Results. Fatal alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes declined 9.9 per month after the tax increase, a 26% reduction. The effect was similar for alcohol-impaired drivers with positive alcohol levels lower than 0.15 grams per deciliter (−22%) and drivers with very high alcohol levels of 0.15 or more (−25%). Drivers younger than 30 years showed larger declines (−37%) than those aged 30 years and older (−23%), but gender and race stratifications did not significantly differ. Conclusions. Increases in alcohol excise taxes, such as the 2009 Illinois act, could save thousands of lives yearly across the United States as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce alcohol-impaired driving.
Development of the Policy Indicator Checklist: A Tool to Identify and Measure Policies for Calorie-Dense Foods and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Across Multiple Settings
Authors: Lee Rebecca E. , Hallett Allen M. , Parker Nathan , Kudia Ousswa , Kao Dennis , Modelska Maria , Rifai Hanadi , O’Connor Daniel P. 
Published: March 2015

Objectives. We developed the policy indicator checklist (PIC) to identify and measure policies for calorie-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages to determine how policies are clustered across multiple settings. Methods. In 2012 and 2013 we used existing literature, policy documents, government recommendations, and instruments to identify key policies. We then developed the PIC to examine the policy environments across 3 settings (communities, schools, and early care and education centers) in 8 communities participating in the Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Project. Results. Principal components analysis revealed 5 components related to calorie-dense food policies and 4 components related to sugar-sweetened beverage policies. Communities with higher youth and racial/ethnic minority populations tended to have fewer and weaker policy environments concerning calorie-dense foods and healthy foods and beverages. Conclusions. The PIC was a helpful tool to identify policies that promote healthy food environments across multiple settings and to measure and compare the overall policy environments across communities. There is need for improved coordination across settings, particularly in areas with greater concentration of youths and racial/ethnic minority populations. Policies to support healthy eating are not equally distributed across communities, and disparities continue to exist in nutrition policies.
Neighborhood Disadvantage, Preconception Stressful Life Events, and Infant Birth Weight
Authors: Witt Whitney P. , Park Hyojun , Wisk Lauren E. , Cheng Erika R. , Mandell Kara , Chatterjee Debanjana , Zarak Dakota 
Published: March 2015

Objectives. We sought to determine whether the effects of preconception stressful life events (PSLEs) on birth weight differed by neighborhood disadvantage. Methods. We drew our data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort (2001–2002; n = 9300). We created a neighborhood disadvantage index (NDI) using county-level data from the 2000 US Census. We grouped the NDI into tertiles that represented advantaged, middle advantaged, and disadvantaged neighborhoods. Stratified multinomial logistic regressions estimated the effect of PSLEs on birth weight, controlling for confounders. Results. We found a gradient in the relationship between women’s exposure to PSLEs and having a very low birth weight (VLBW) infant by NDI tertile; the association was strongest in disadvantaged neighborhoods (adjusted odd ratio [AOR] = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04, 2.53), followed by middle (AOR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.00, 1.93) and advantaged (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI = 0.91, 1.82) neighborhoods. We observed a similar gradient for women with chronic conditions and among minority mothers. Conclusions. Women who experienced PSLEs, who had chronic conditions, or were racial/ethnic minorities had the greatest risk of having VLBW infants if they lived in disadvantaged neighborhoods; this suggests exacerbation of risk within disadvantaged environments. Interventions to reduce rates of VLBW should focus on reducing the deleterious effects of stressors and on improving neighborhood conditions.