bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allergen immunotherapy and allergic rhinitis: false beliefs
Authors: Calderón Moisés A , Frankland A William , Demoly Pascal 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Background
Over the last 100 years, several persistent misconceptions or ‘false beliefs’ have built up around allergen immunotherapy and its use in allergic rhinitis. This is perhaps because enthusiastic physicians administered complex allergen extracts to a diverse population of patients suffering from heterogeneous atopic conditions. Here, we review evidence that counters seven of these ‘false beliefs.’

Discussion
1. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis can be more heterogeneous, more severe and more troublesome in everyday life than many physicians believe. Large-scale epidemiological surveys show that the majority of allergic rhinitis patients have at least one symptom severe enough to interfere with sleep quality, productivity and/or well-being. 2. Allergen immunotherapy is not necessarily suitable for all allergic rhinitis patients (notably those with mild symptoms). Recent evidence from double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials suggests that the more severe the disease, the greater the treatment effect. 3. Allergen immunotherapy is often accused of lack of efficacy (relative to pharmacotherapy, for example). However, there are now many meta-analyses, systematic reviews and high-quality clinical trials that find overwhelmingly in favor of the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy (including sublingual formulations) in allergic rhinitis induced by pollen and, increasingly, other allergens. 4. Natural-exposure and challenge-chamber trials have shown that symptom relief may become apparent within months or even weeks of the initiation of allergen immunotherapy. 5. In pollen-induced allergic rhinitis, several years of subcutaneous or sublingual allergen immunotherapy are associated with sustained clinical efficacy after subsequent treatment cessation – confirming the disease-modifying nature of this therapy. 6. Most patients seeking treatment for allergic rhinitis are polysensitized, and allergen immunotherapy has proven efficacy in large, robust clinical trials in these groups. Polysensitization is not a contraindication to allergen immunotherapy. 7. Sublingual allergen immunotherapy is safe for home administration. A recent review calculated that 1 billion doses were administered worldwide between 2000 and 2010 and found that the 11 case reports of anaphylaxis (all non-fatal) corresponded to non-standard practice.

Summary
Modern, evidence-based medicine has generated more than enough robust evidence to remove misconceptions about allergen immunotherapy and allergic rhinitis.
Analysis of copy number variations at 15 schizophrenia-associated loci
Authors: Rees Elliott , Walters James T. R. , Georgieva Lyudmila , Isles Anthony R. , Chambert Kimberly D. , Richards Alexander L. , Mahoney-Davies Gerwyn , Legge Sophie E. , Moran Jennifer L. , McCarroll Steven A. , O'Donovan Michael C. , Owen Michael J. , Kirov George 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundA number of copy number variants (CNVs) have been suggested as susceptibility factors for schizophrenia. For some of these the data remain equivocal, and the frequency in individuals with schizophrenia is uncertain.AimsTo determine the contribution of CNVs at 15 schizophrenia-associated loci (a) using a large new data-set of patients with schizophrenia (n= 6882) and controls (n= 6316), and (b) combining our results with those from previous studies.MethodWe used Illumina microarrays to analyse our data. Analyses were restricted to 520 766 probes common to all arrays used in the different data-sets.ResultsWe found higher rates in participants with schizophrenia than in controls for 13 of the 15 previously implicated CNVs. Six were nominally significantly associated (P<0.05) in this new data-set: deletions at 1q21.1,NRXN1, 15q11.2 and 22q11.2 and duplications at 16p11.2 and the Angelman/Prader–Willi Syndrome (AS/PWS) region. All eight AS/PWS duplications in patients were of maternal origin. When combined with published data, 11 of the 15 loci showed highly significant evidence for association with schizophrenia (P<4.1×10−4).ConclusionsWe strengthen the support for the majority of the previously implicated CNVs in schizophrenia. About 2.5% of patients with schizophrenia and 0.9% of controls carry a large, detectable CNV at one of these loci. Routine CNV screening may be clinically appropriate given the high rate of known deleterious mutations in the disorder and the comorbidity associated with these heritable mutations.
Interplay between group size, huddling behavior and basal metabolism: an experimental approach in the social degus
Authors: Villegas Monica , Bozinovic Francisco , Sabat Pablo 
Published: December 2013

SummaryMammals exposed to low temperatures increase their metabolic rate to maintain constant body temperature and thus compensate heat loss. This high and costly energetic demand can be mitigated through thermoregulatory behavior such as social grouping or huddling, which helps to decrease metabolic rate as function of the numbers of individuals grouped. Sustained low temperatures in endothermic animals produce changes over time in rates of energy expenditure, by means of phenotypic plasticity. However, the putative modulating effect that huddling exerts on the flexibility of the basal metabolic rate (BMR) due to thermal acclimation remains unknown. We determined BMR values in Octodon degus, an endemic Chilean rodent, after being acclimated either to 15°C or 30°C during 60 days, both alone and in groups of 3 and 5 individuals. At 15°C, BMR of huddling individuals was 40% lower than that of animals housed alone. Moreover, infrared thermography revealed a significant increase in local surface temperatures in huddled animals. Furthermore, individual thermal conductance was lower in individuals acclimated to 15°C than at 30°C, but no differences were observed between single and grouped animals. Our results indicate that huddling prevent an increase in BMR when animals are acclimated to cold conditions and that this effect is proportional to the number of animals grouped.
Rhodopsin coexpression in UV photoreceptors of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes
Authors: Hu Xiaobang , Leming Matthew T. , Whaley Michelle A. , O'Tousa Joseph E. 
Published: December 2013

Summary
Differential rhodopsin gene expression within specialized R7 photoreceptors cells divides the retinas of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes into distinct domains. Both mosquito species express the rhodopsin orthologs Aaop8 and Agop8, respectively, in a large subset of these R7 photoreceptors that function as ultraviolet receptors. We show here that a divergent subfamily of mosquito rhodopsins, Aaop10 and Agop10, are coexpressed in these R7 photoreceptors. The properties of the Ae. aegypti Aaop8 and Aaop10 rhodopsins were analyzed by creating transgenic Drosophila expressing these rhodopsins. Electroretinogram recordings, and spectral analysis of head extracts, obtained from the Aaop8 strain confirmed that Aaop8 is a ultraviolet-sensitive rhodopsin. Aaop10 was poorly expressed and capable of eliciting only small and slow light responses in Drosophila photoreceptors, and electroretinogram analysis suggested that it is a long wavelength rhodopsin with a maximal sensitivity near 500 nm. Thus, coexpression of Aaop10 rhodopsin with Aaop8 rhodopsin has the potential to modify the spectral properties of mosquito ultraviolet receptors. Retention of Op10 rhodopsin family members in the genomes of Drosophila species suggests this rhodopsin family may play a conserved role in insect vision.
The choice of payment method and wealth creation in divestitures
Authors: Као  , Cao Dinh Kien 
Published: December 2013

We examine the motivations for different financing methods of U.S. acquirers
that buy divested assets. In contrast to the widely held opinion in the mergers
and acquisitions (M&As) literature that acquirers use more equity payment in
countries with high investor protection and low economic restrictiveness, this
study finds that acquirers prefer cash payment in those countries. However,
several deal, acquirer, and target characteristic significantly influence the
financing methods, as suggested in the M&A literature.
We also measure the announcement effects on acquirer’s value. Acquirers
realize more pronounced wealth effects in domestic transactions compared to
the effects in foreign transactions. Moreover, the effects for acquirers are more
favorable when the relative size of the transaction is high, a proportion of the
price is paid with equity, the assets are from bankrupt targets, and the acquirers’
size is relatively small.
Tolerance to air exposure: a feature driving the latitudinal distribution of two sibling kelp species
Authors: López-Cristoffanini Camilo , Tellier Florence , Otaíza Ricardo , Correa Juan A. , Contreras-Porcia Loretto 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Tolerance to air exposure should be an important feature in determining the geographic distribution of seaweeds. Two sibling kelp species with contrasting latitudinal distributions were selected to test the relationship between their distribution and air exposure tolerance: Lessonia berteroana distributed between 18° and 30°S and Lessonia spicata, which is found from 29° to 41°S along the Chilean coast. This region presents a latitudinal gradient of environmental variables, which leads to an increase in air exposure as latitude decreases. Therefore, populations of L. spicata are likely to be exposed to lower desiccation levels than those of L. berteroana. To assess adaptation to air exposure, early stages of development of these species were exposed to air daily for 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 h, and the activities of two antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase and catalase) were measured. Results showed that L. spicata spores ceased their postgermination development when exposed to 1 and 2 h of air, contrasting with L. berteroana, in which spore development was not abruptly stopped as for L. spicata. In addition, the apparent inactivation of the antioxidant enzyme catalase in both species strongly suggests a lower buffering capacity to an excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by air exposure. Thus, air exposure seems an important factor determining the northern geographic limit of L. spicata.
Prognostic factors of overall survival after laser interstitial thermal therapy in patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Missios Symeon , Schroeder Jason L. , Barnett Gene H. , Mohammadi Alireza M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackground:Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive technique for treating intracranial tumors percutaneously. Controlled thermal damage to the tumor may offer an adjunct to the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) especially in deep-seated locations. We report our series of patients with GBM treated with LITT.Methods:Eleven consecutive patients with GBM who underwent LITT at the Cleveland Clinic using the NeuroBlateResults:LITT was delivered as upfront treatment in six cases and delivered as salvage in five cases. After 26.2 months of follow-up, 73% of cases demonstrated progression and 54.5% died. The median overall survival (OS) for the cohort was 8.4 months. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 6.1 months. A tendency towards improved overall survival was discovered in patients who had near complete coverage of tumor by blue and yellow TDT-lines.Conclusions:LITT can be used in a safe and effective manner for the treatment of patients with difficult to access GBM. Improved coverage of the tumor by the TDT-treatment lines has a tendency to improve patient overall survival.
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Approval Summary: Omacetaxine Mepesuccinate as Treatment for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Alvandi Firoozeh , Kwitkowski Virginia E. , Ko Chia-Wen , Rothmann Mark D. , Ricci Stacey , Saber Haleh , Ghosh Debasis , Brown Janice , Pfeiler Erika , Chikhale Elsbeth , Grillo Joseph , Bullock Julie , Kane Robert , Kaminskas Edvardas , Farrell Ann T. , Pazdur Richard 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
On October 26, 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to omacetaxine mepesuccinate (Synribo; Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., North Wales, PA, http://www.tevausa.com) for the treatment of adult patients with chronic phase (CP) or accelerated phase (AP) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with resistance and/or intolerance to two or more tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The approval was based on the FDA review of data from 111 patients with CML in CP or in AP who had received two or more prior TKIs, including imatinib. Major cytogenetic response was achieved in 18% of patients with CP, with a median response duration of 12.5 months. Major hematologic response was achieved in 14% of patients with AP, with a median response duration of 4.7 months. The FDA safety evaluation was based on submitted data from 163 patients with CP or AP CML who had received at least one dose of omacetaxine mepesuccinate. The safety evaluation was limited by the single-arm design of the clinical trials as conducted in a small number of previously treated patients. The most common (≥20%) adverse reactions of any grade in enrolled patients included thrombocytopenia, anemia, neutropenia, diarrhea, nausea, fatigue, asthenia, injection site reaction, pyrexia, and infection. The FDA concluded that omacetaxine mepesuccinate has shown activity and a favorable benefit-to-risk profile for the studied population of adult patients with CML (CP or AP) with resistance and/or intolerance to two or more TKIs. Further evidence of response durability to verify clinical benefit is pending.
Focusing Accounting Curricula on Students' Long-Run Careers: Recommendations for an Integrated Competency-Based Framework for Accounting Education
Authors: Lawson Raef A. , Blocher Edward J. , Brewer Peter C. , Cokins Gary , Sorensen James E. , Stout David E. , Sundem Gary L. , Wolcott Susan K. , Wouters Marc J. F. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTProfessional organizations, accrediting bodies, and accounting educators have defined the competencies that accounting students need for entry-level success in public accounting. However, definitions of the competencies required by all accounting students for long-term career requirements are lacking, as is an understanding of how to develop these competencies within the accounting curriculum. In 2010 the Institute of Management Accountants (IMA) and the Management Accounting Section (MAS) of the American Accounting Association (AAA) formed a Task Force to address these issues and make curriculum recommendations for all accounting majors. This paper is a report of that Task Force. It is responsive to the recent call to “connect the accounting body of knowledge to a map of competencies” and to create “curricular models for the future” (Pathways Commission 2012, 37, 75), and it includes a literature review that spans the scope and focus of accounting education, the value proposition for accounting (i.e., specification as to how accountants today, working in a variety of settings, add organizational value), and the importance of competency integration. This review leads to four recommendations. First, accounting education should be oriented toward long-term career demands. Second, the focus of accounting education should include organizational settings beyond the current focus on public accounting/auditing. Third, educational objectives should reflect how accountants add organizational value. Fourth, these objectives should be developed as integrated competencies. These recommendations lead to the competency-based educational Framework presented in this paper. This Framework is intended to apply to a variety of career paths including, but not limited to, public accounting. The paper concludes with a call to accountants in all areas to participate in further development of the Framework.
Assessment of Beta Angle among the various Facial Types in Garhwali Population - A Cephalometric Evaluation
Authors: Prasad P Narayana , Ansari Rubina , Rana Tarun , Rawat Nimme 
Published: December 2013

Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate Beta (β) angle variation in different facial types among Garhwali population and also to evaluate the differences in Beta angle in male and female subgroups. Materials & Method: The sample included pre-treatment lateral cephalograms of 90 native Garhwali subjects (age 16-24 years) who were divided into three groups: normodivergent, hypodivergent and hyperdivergent; of 30 subjects of each group 15 were male and 15 were female. Result: In Garhwali population subjects with a β angle between 28° to 32° have a normodivergent facial type (ANOVA p < 0.01). Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the mean values of β angle in Garhwali population among various facial types. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ojn.v3i1.9280 Orthodontic Journal of Nepal, Vol.3, No.1, 2013: 37-40
Impact of target location on the response of trigeminal neuralgia to stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Xu Zhiyuan , Schlesinger David , Moldovan Krisztina , Przybylowski Colin , Sun Xingwen , Lee Cheng-Chia , Yen Chun-Po , Sheehan Jason 
Published: December 2013

Object
The authors evaluate the impact of target location on the rate of pain relief (PR) in patients with intractable trigeminal neuralgia (TN) undergoing stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective review of 99 patients with idiopathic TN who were identified from a prospectively maintained database and were treated with SRS targeting the dorsal root entry zone with a maximum dose of 80 Gy. Targeting of the more proximal portion of a trigeminal nerve with the 50% isodose line overlapping the brainstem was performed in 36 patients (proximal group). In a matched group, 63 patients received SRS targeting the 20% isodose line tangential to the emergence of the brainstem (distal group). The median follow-up time was 33 months (range 6–124 months).

Results
The actuarial rate of maintenance of Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) Pain Score I–IIIa was attained in 89% of patients at 1 year, 81% at 2 years, and 69% at 4 years, respectively, after SRS. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that durability of PR was only associated with the proximal location of the radiosurgical target (log-rank test, p = 0.018). Radiosurgery-induced facial numbness (BNI Score II or III) developed in 35 patients, which was significantly more frequent in the proximal group (19 patients [53%] compared with 16 [25%] in the distal group [p = 0.015]).

Conclusions
The radiosurgical target appears to affect the duration of pain relief in patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia with the target closer to the brainstem affording extended pain relief. However, the proximal SRS target was also associated with an increased risk of mild to moderate facial numbness.
Intraoperative rerupture during surgical treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is not associated with an increased risk of vasospasm
Authors: Sheth Sunil A. , Hausrath Daniel , Numis Adam L. , Lawton Michael T. , Josephson S. Andrew 
Published: December 2013

Object
Intraoperative rerupture during open surgical clipping of cerebral aneurysms in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a relatively frequent and potentially catastrophic occurrence. Patients who suffer rerupture have been shown to have worse outcomes at discharge compared with those who do not have rerupture. Perioperative injury likely plays a large part in the clinical worsening of these patients. However, due to the increased vessel manipulation and repeat exposure to acute hemorrhage, it is possible that secondary injury from increased incidence of vasospasm also contributes. Identifying an increased rate of vasospasm in these patients would justify early aggressive treatment with measures to prevent delayed cerebral ischemia. The authors investigated whether patients who suffer intraoperative rerupture during surgical treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms are at increased risk of developing vasospasm.

Methods
Five hundred consecutive patients treated with open surgical clipping for SAH were reviewed, and clinical and imaging data were collected. Angiographic vasospasm was defined as vessel narrowing believed to be consistent with vasospasm on angiography. Symptomatic vasospasm was defined as angiographic vasospasm in the setting of a clinical change attributable to vasospasm. Rates of angiographic and symptomatic vasospasm among patients with and without intraoperative rerupture were compared.

Results
There were no significant differences between the groups with and without rupture with respect to age, sex, modified Fisher grade, history of hypertension, or smoking. The group with intraoperative rupture had more patients with Hunt and Hess Grade I. Angiographic vasospasm was noted in 279 (66%) of the 425 patients without rerupture compared with 49 (65%) of the 75 patients with rerupture (p = 1.0, Fisher's exact test). Symptomatic vasospasm was noted in 154 (36%) of the 425 patients without rerupture, compared with 31 (41%) of the 75 patients with rerupture (p = 0.44, Fisher's exact test). In multivariate analysis, higher modified Fisher grade was significantly predictive of vasospasm, whereas older age and male sex were protective.

Conclusions
This study found no significant influence of intraoperative rerupture during open surgical clipping on the rate of angiographic or symptomatic vasospasm. Brief exposure to acute hemorrhage and vessel manipulation associated with rerupture events did not affect the rate of vasospasm. Risk of vasospasm was related to increased modified Fisher grade, and inversely related to age and male sex. These results do not justify early, targeted vasospasm therapy in patients with intraoperative rerupture.
Comparative effectiveness of treatment options for pediatric craniopharyngiomas
Authors: Ali Zarina S. , Bailey Robert L. , Daniels Lawrence B. , Vakhshori Venus , Lewis Daniel J. , Hossain Alisha T. , Sitterley Karlyndsay Y. , Lee John Y. K. , Storm Phillip B. , Heuer Gregory G. , Stein Sherman C. 
Published: December 2013

Object
No clear treatment guidelines for pediatric craniopharyngiomas exist. The authors developed a decision analytical model to evaluate outcomes of 4 surgical approaches for craniopharyngiomas in children, including attempted gross-total resection (GTR), planned subtotal removal plus radiotherapy, biopsy plus radiotherapy, and endoscopic resections of all kinds.

Methods
Pooled data, including the authors' own experience, were used to create evidence tables, from which incidence, relative risks, and summary outcomes in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were calculated for the 4 management strategies.

Results
Quality-adjusted life years at the 5-year follow-up were 2.3 ± 0.1 for attempted GTR, 2.9 ± 0.2 for planned subtotal removal plus radiotherapy, 3.9 ± 0.2 for biopsy plus radiotherapy, and 3.7 ± 0.2 for endoscopic resection (F = 17,150, p < 0.001). Similarly, QALYs at 10-year follow-up were 4.5 ± 0.2 for attempted GTR, 5.7 ± 0.5 for planned subtotal removal plus radiotherapy, and 7.8 ± 0.5 for biopsy plus radiotherapy (F = 6,173, p < 0.001). On post hoc pairwise comparisons, the differences between all pairs compared were also highly significant (p < 0.001). Since follow-up data at 10 years are lacking for endoscopic cases, this category was excluded from 10-year comparisons.

Conclusions
Biopsy with subsequent radiotherapy is the preferred approach with respect to improved overall quality of life. While endoscopic approaches also show promise in preserving quality of life at five-year follow-up, there are not sufficient data to draw conclusions about this comparison at 10 years.