bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐Performance Polymers from Nature: Catalytic Routes and Processes for Industry
Authors: Walther Guido 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIt is difficult to imagine life today without polymers. However, most chemicals are almost exclusively synthesized from petroleum. With diminishing oil reserves, establishing an industrial process to transform renewables into high‐value chemicals may be more challenging than running a car without gasoline. This is due to the difficulty in setting up processes that are novel, profitable, and environmentally benign at the same time. Additionally, the quest for sustainability of renewable resources should be based on incorporating ethical considerations in the development of plans that utilize feedstocks intended for human nutrition and health. Thus, it is important to use bio‐energy containing renewable resources in the most efficient way. This Concept goes beyond the synthesis of monomers and provides insights for establishing an industrial process that transforms renewable resources into high‐value chemicals, and it describes careful investigations that are of paramount importance, including evaluations from an economical and an ecological perspective. The synthesis of monomers suitable for polymer production from renewable resources would ideally be accompanied by a reduction in CO2 emission and waste, through the complete molecular utilization of the feedstock. This Concept advocates the drop‐in strategy, and is guided by the example of catalytically synthesized dimethyl 1,19‐nonadecanedioate and its α,ω‐functionalized derivatives. With respect to the Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry, this Concept describes a technological leap forward for a sustainable green chemical industry.
Security and performance enhancement of AODV routing protocol
Authors: Simaremare Harris , Abouaissa Abdelhafid , Sari Riri Fitri , Lorenz Pascal 
Published: July 2014

SummaryA mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) is a decentralized, self‐organizing, infrastructure‐less network and adaptive gathering of independent mobile nodes. Because of the unique characteristics of MANET, the major issues to develop a routing protocol in MANET are the security aspect and the network performance. In this paper, we propose a new secure protocol called Trust Ad Hoc On‐demand Distance Vector (AODV) using trust mechanism. Communication packets are only sent to the trusted neighbor nodes. Trust calculation is based on the behaviors and activities information of each node. It is divided in to trust global (TG) and trust local (TL). TG is a trust calculation based on the total of received routing packets and the total of sending routing packets. TL is a comparison between total received packets and total forwarded packets by neighbor node from specific nodes. Nodes conclude the total trust level of its neighbors by accumulating the TL and TG values. The performance of Trust AODV is evaluated under denial of service/distributed denial of service (DOS/DDOS) attack using network simulator NS‐2. It is compared with the Trust Cross Layer Secure (TCLS) protocol. Simulation results show that the Trust AODV has a better performance than TCLS protocol in terms of end‐to‐end delay, packet delivery ratio, and overhead. Next, we improve the performance of Trust AODV using ant algorithm. The proposed protocol is called Trust AODV + Ant. The implementation of ant algorithm in the proposed secure protocol is by adding an ant agent to put the positive pheromone in the node if the node is trusted. Ant agent is represented as a routing packet. The pheromone value is saved in the routing table of the node. We modified the original routing table by adding the pheromone value field. The path communication is selected based on the pheromone concentration and the shortest path. Trust AODV + Ant is compared with simple ant routing algorithm (SARA), AODV, and Trust AODV under DOS/DDOS attacks in terms of performance. Simulation results show that the packet delivery ratio and throughput of the Trust AODV increase after using ant algorithm. However, in terms of end‐to‐end delay, there is no significant improvement. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMDA receptors on zebrafish Mauthner cells require CaMKII‐α for normal development
Authors: Roy Birbickram , Ferdous Jannatul , Ali Declan W. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTCalcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase 2 (CaMKII) is a multifunctional protein that is highly enriched in the synapse. It plays important roles in neuronal functions such as synaptic plasticity, synaptogenesis, and neural development. Gene duplication in zebrafish has resulted in the occurrence of seven CaMKII genes (camk2a, camk2b1, camk2b2, camk2g1, camk2g2, camk2d1, and camk2d2) that are developmentally expressed. In this study, we used single cell, real‐time quantitative PCR to investigate the expression of CaMKII genes in individual Mauthner cells (M‐cells) of 2 days post fertilization (dpf) zebrafish embryos. We found that out of seven different CaMKII genes, only the mRNA for CaMKII‐α was expressed in the M‐cell at detectable levels, while all other isoforms were undetectable. Morpholino knockdown of CaMKII‐α had no significant effect on AMPA synaptic currents (mEPSCs) but decreased the amplitude of NMDA mEPSCs. NMDA events exhibited a biexponential decay with τfast ≈ 30 ms and τslow ≈ 300 ms. Knockdown of CaMKII‐α specifically reduced the amplitude of the slow component of the NMDA‐mediated currents (mEPSCs), without affecting the fast component, the frequency, or the kinetics of the mEPSCs. Immunolabelling of the M‐cell showed increased dendritic arborizations in the morphants compared with controls, and knockdown of CaMKII‐α altered locomotor behaviors of touch responses. These results suggest that CaMKII‐α is present in embryonic M‐cells and that it plays a role in the normal development of excitatory synapses. Our findings pave the way for determining the function of specific CaMKII isoforms during the early stages of M‐cell development. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 75: 145–162, 2015
A national survey of eating disorder training
Authors: Mahr Fauzia , Farahmand Pantea , Bixler Edward O. , Domen Ronald E , Moser Eileen M. , Nadeem Tania , Levine Rachel L. , Halmi Katherine A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveEating disorders (EDs) result in the highest mortality rate of all psychiatric disorders, and in the United States, approximately one in twenty females suffers from an eating disorder. However, training provided within residency programs to address the needs of these patients is sparse. The objective of this study was to conduct a national survey that assesses the amount of EDs training for trainees across five ACGME accredited specialties: internal medicine, pediatrics, family medicine, psychiatry, and child and adolescent psychiatry. The results of the survey will be used to develop strategies to improve eating disorder education among residents.MethodEight hundred eighty training coordinators were contacted using information available on the ACGME website and asked to complete the survey.ResultsOf the 637 responding programs, 514 did not offer any scheduled or elective rotations for EDs. Of the 123 programs offering rotations, only 42 offered a formal, scheduled rotation. Child and adolescent psychiatry offered the most clinical experiences, and pediatric programs offered the greatest number of didactic hours on EDs.DiscussionTraining in EDs is limited. Simulated patient encounters, massive open online courses, web‐based curricula, dedicated rotations and clinical experiences, didactic curricula, and brief‐training programs may help to improve eating disorder diagnostic and treatment skills among trainees. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:443–445)
A symmetry preserving dissipative artificial viscosity in r‐z geometry
Authors: Váchal Pavel , Wendroff Burton 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYWe present a novel artificial viscosity for staggered Lagrangian schemes in 2D axi‐symmetric r‐z geometry on logically rectangular grids. The suggested viscous force is dissipative by construction, conserves both components of momentum, and preserves spherical symmetry on an equiangular polar grid. This method turns out to be robust and performs well for spherically symmetric problems on various grid types (symmetric, perturbed polar, rectangular), without any need for tinkering with problem‐dependent or grid‐dependent parameters. The results are compared with the outcome of the area‐weighted approach using the popular tensor viscosity by Campbell and Shashkov. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NERC's Reliability Assurance Initiative: What Registered Entities Can Do
Authors: Wiseman J. Porter , Sullivan Julia E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn the summer of 2003, a handful of power lines in Ohio tripped after making contact with overgrown trees. Over the next 13 minutes, the electric grid experienced cascading failures that left an estimated 50 million people in the United States and Canada without power. Two years later, Congress added Section 215 to the Federal Power Act, giving the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) jurisdiction over the reliability of the bulk power system (BPS). Section 215 also directed FERC to designate an Electric Reliability Organization (ERO) to establish and enforce reliability standards with penalties up to a million dollars per day per violation.
Dual/wide band multifractal frequency selective surface for applications in S‐ and X‐band
Authors: Braz Erico C. , Campos Antonio. L. P. S. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, we have been investigated the use of frequency selective surfaces (FSS) with multifractal geometry. The proposed structure is a junction of the Koch curve with Sierpinski Carpet. The main advantage of the proposed structure is to design multiband FSS makes it flexible in terms of controlling resonance and bandwidth. In addition, the proposed structure produces multiple frequency ratios between adjacent bands and an easy to implement structure. The validation of the proposed structure was initially verified through simulations in Ansoft designer 3.5 and then the structures are constructed and experimental results obtained. A good agreement between numerical and experimental results is obtained. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2217–2222, 2014
Reducing glitches when reconstructing four‐port S‐parameters of differential transmission lines from two‐port measurements
Authors: García‐Mora Daniel M. , Tlaxcalteco‐Matus Miguel A. , Torres‐Torres Reydezel , Hernández‐Sosa Gaudencio , Becerra‐Fuentes Olga M. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe origin of the glitches observed in four‐port S‐parameters reconstructed from two‐port measured data is identified, allowing their direct minimization without any data post‐processing. Excellent correlation for the obtained four‐port and mixed‐mode S‐parameters is achieved when confronted with those directly measured using a four‐port network analyzer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2257–2260, 2014
UWB bandpass filter with quad notched bands
Authors: Sung Y. J. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTA novel ultrawideband (UWB) bandpass filter (BPF) with a quad band‐notched function is investigated using a modified H‐shaped resonator. The proposed H‐shaped resonator, which exhibits quadruple resonance characteristics, is realized without any change in its overall size by modifying the simplified composite right/left‐handed resonator exhibiting dual resonance characteristics. The proposed resonator is integrated into a conventional UWB BPF. The notching frequencies are located at 2.41, 3.42, 5.3, and 5.9 GHz, and the attenuations at the center frequency of the four notched bands are at least 13 dB. The proposed UWB BPF has the advantages of compact size, low insertion loss, good selectivity, and flat delays. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2286–2289, 2014
FBG‐assisted ICI reduction for AO‐OFDM demultiplexed signal
Authors: Ali Mumtaz , Wang Xu 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIn an all‐optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (AO‐OFDM) system, the demultiplexed subcarriers from an optical discrete fourier transform circuit are needed to be sampled by optical gates in the intercarrier interference (ICI)‐free narrow interval. In this article, we present a theoretical investigation of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) assisted ICI reduction in an AO‐OFDM system in place of an optical sampling gate (SG). The optimum durations of SG and FBG are analyzed for different symbol rise times (trise) and the analysis is extended to chromatic dispersion (CD) effects. The proposed FBG device provides tolerance to dispersion, which causes shifting of narrowed ICI‐free region. The FBG achieves BER < 10−3 for transmission of 45 km without cyclic prefix, and synchronization with shifted ICI‐free region is not needed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2320–2324, 2014
Characterization of transistor using multiharmonic source and load pull tuners for inverse class‐F power amplifier
Authors: Gao Shengjie , Wang Zhebin , Park Chan‐Wang 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTTo achieve a first‐pass design for a high efficiency inverse class‐F power amplifier, this article proposes a characterization procedure using the multiharmonic source and load pull tuner system. The transistor is analyzed in terms of the power added efficiency and the output power by considering harmonic frequencies. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2313–2320, 2014
Demonstration of 100 Gbit/s optical time‐division demultiplexing with 1‐to‐4 wavelength multicasting using the cascaded four‐wave mixing in photonic crystal fiber with a single control light source
Authors: Hui Zhan‐Qiang , Zhang Jian‐Guo 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTDispersion‐flattened highly nonlinear (DF‐HNL) photonic crystal fibers are useful for ultrafast optical signal processing. In this article, 100 Gbit/s‐to‐10 Gbit/s optical time demultiplexing with simultaneous 1‐to‐4 wavelength multicasting is successfully demonstrated by use of the cascaded four‐wave mixing (FWM) in a 50 m DF‐HNL photonic crystal fiber, for the first time. This scheme uses a single control‐pulse light source only and a simple architecture. The wavelength multicasting of the time‐demultiplexed optical signal is achieved on four wavelength channels of which two can have the minimum power penalty of 3.2 dB at 10−9 bit error rate compared to the 10 Gbit/s back‐to‐back measurement. With the cascaded FWM, our proposed scheme can be used to improve the functionality of ultrahigh‐speed optical time‐division multiplexed systems/networks so as to support wavelength multicasting applications in a cost‐effective manner. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2330–2335, 2014
Design and implementation of intrabody communication hub/alarm unit in IBC platform for fall prevention system
Authors: Lin Yo‐Sheng , Wang Chien‐Chin , Liao Yu‐Chen , Lu Shey‐Shi 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTWe report a high‐performance intrabody communication (IBC) hub/alarm unit in IBC platform for fall prevention system. The IBC hub/alarm unit consists of a binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) receiver, an on–off keying (OOK) transmitter, an audio digital‐to‐analog converter (DAC), an audio power amplifier (PA), and a microcontrol unit (MCU). The BFSK receiver receives the biomedical signals from the IBC sensor node biomedical system‐on‐a‐chips (SOC) through human body, and then transmits them to PDA/cell phone or earphone alarm terminal through the MCU. The OOK transmitter takes commands from PDA/cell phone, and then transmits them to the IBC sensor node biomedical SOC through human body. The audio DAC and PA send an alarm message to the earphone in case of anomaly based on the biomedical signals received by the BFSK receiver. Such kind of transmission methodology in conjunction with our proposed IBC platform is much more power‐efficient than wireless communication. Moreover, since no antenna is required, small chip size is achieved. At supply voltage of 0.7 V, the BFSK receiver consumes 520 µW (0.17 nJ/b) and achieves sensitivity of −80 dBm at data rate of 3 Mbps, better than previous work in the literature. The excellent results indicate the IBC hub/alarm unit is suitable for IBC platform for fall prevention system. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2345–2351, 2014
High‐gain circularly‐polarized loop tag antenna for long reading distance RFID application
Authors: Tsai Ching‐Han , Chen Horng‐Dean , Sim Chow‐Yen‐Desmond 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTA simple circularly polarized (CP) square loop antenna for UHF band RFID tag is proposed to overcome the polarization mismatch problem between reader antenna and tag antenna. To achieve good CP radiation, an open gap is introduced onto the square loop. Also, the technique of loading a matching stub across the RFID chip is applied to the proposed loop tag antenna, and good impedance matching between the antenna and RFID chip can be achieved by tuning the matching stub. The proposed loop tag antenna shows desirable antenna gain and good reading distance performance, and its measured reading distance reaches to 17.6 m. Therefore, the proposed antenna is an excellent candidate for various RFID applications in the UHF band, especially those that may require long reading distance. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2335–2341, 2014
Temperature sensor based on frequency‐coded chipless RFID tags
Authors: Lorenzo Javier , Girbau David , Lázaro Antonio , Villarino Ramón 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, the integration of a frequency‐coded radio frequency identification tag with an integrated temperature sensor long lifetime is proposed. It is demonstrated that temperature range can be measured and coded in a tag using tunable stub‐loaded dual‐band resonator that is connected between two orthogonal wideband antennas. The sensor tag emits two different frequencies: the first resonance is used for identification of sensor tag whereas the second frequency is equivalent to temperature. The second resonance is tuned with a varactor controlled by a negative temperature coefficient sensor and its low‐power consumption conditioning circuit. The conditioning circuit modifies the voltage of the varactor and this modifies the second resonant frequency. The resonant structure is studied as a proof of concept. Experimental results at different distances are provided. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2411–2415, 2014
Design of cascaded three‐conductor coupled line filter
Authors: Packiaraj D. , Vinoy K. J. , Ramesh M. , Kalghatgi Ajit T. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThis article presents analysis approach and applications of symmetrical three‐conductor coupled microstriplines with aperture in the ground plane for the design of microwave filters. Analysis is based on splitting the entire symmetrical three‐conductor coupled line structure into simple two‐conductor coupled lines. Various possible terminations have been shown in three‐conductor coupled lines to derive a class of structures for the construction of filters. These coupled line structures are analyzed based on even‐ and odd‐mode propagation characteristics to design filters in this article. An experimental cascaded three‐conductor coupled line band stop filter with defected ground has been designed using the method of circuit model analysis. Defected ground has been used under the coupled lines to widen the filter's bandwidth. Measured results of the designed band stop filter have been compared against the circuit model analysis for the purpose of validation. Results are in good agreement between them. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2431–2436, 2014
Magnetic resonance imaging of melanoma exosomes in lymph nodes
Authors: Hu Lingzhi , Wickline Samuel A. , Hood Joshua L. 
Published: July 2014

PurposeExosomes are cell derived extracellular nanovesicles that relay molecular signals pertinent to both normal physiologic and disease processes. The ability to modify and track exosomes in vivo is essential to understanding exosome pathogenesis, and for utilizing exosomes as effective diagnostic and therapeutic nanocarriers to treat diseases.MethodsWe recently reported a new electroporation method that allow exosomes to be loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic resonance tracking.ResultsBuilding on this approach, we now demonstrate for the first time using a C57BL/6 mouse model that melanoma exosomes can be imaged in vitro, and within lymph nodes in vivo with the use of standard MRI approaches.ConclusionThese findings demonstrate proof of principle that exosome biology can be followed in vivo and pave the way for the development of future diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Magn Reson Med 74:266–271, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stimuli‐triggered phase transfer of polymer‐inorganic hybrid hairy particles between two immiscible liquid phases
Authors: Bao Chunhui , Horton Jonathan M. , Bai Zhifeng , Li Dejin , Lodge Timothy P. , Zhao Bin 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTPolymer brush‐grafted particles (i.e., hairy particles) capable of undergoing direct, especially reversible, phase transfer from one liquid phase to another immiscible liquid phase in response to environmental changes have received growing interest due to their great potential in a wide variety of applications. This article is intended to review recent exciting advances in stimuli‐triggered phase transfer of hairy particles in liquid‐liquid biphasic systems. We start with a discussion of the mechanism of particle transfer across a liquid‐liquid interface and progress to the synthesis of polymer brushes grafted on particles and the transfer of hairy particles between two immiscible liquid phases induced by various external stimuli, including temperature, pH, ionic strength, light, and solvents. The applications of thermally triggered phase transfer of hairy particles in catalysis (thermoregulated phase transfer catalysis) are discussed, followed by a summary and our perspective on future development. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1600–1619