bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Community Music and Social Capital
Authors: Jones Patrick M. , Langston Thomas W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article discusses how music educators serve community music (CM) functions and CM facilitators serve music education functions. A key community role of music educators is to help students develop the musical skills, knowledge, habits, and dispositions to engage musically throughout life. A key music education role of CM facilitators is to help musicians in CM settings develop similar attributes, as well as fostering the types of ensembles and musical experiences in which people of various ages and social and economic strata can engage.
At-Risk Youth: Music-Making as a Means to Promote Positive Relationships
Authors: Cohen Mary L. , Silber Laya H. , Sangiorgio Andrea , Iadeluca Valentina 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines music programs for at-risk youth and their implications for music education and community music practices. It defines key terms, examines theoretical frameworks related to teaching at-risk youth, and describes practical applications of these frameworks. It discusses philosophies for addressing deviant behavior and controlling modes imposed from the outside to systems of cooperation. It is argued that cooperative systems are effective in facilitating music-making by for at-risk youth. The article concludes with implications for music education, suggestions for advocacy considerations, reflective questions, and a list of additional sources.
Adult Music Learning in Formal, Nonformal, and Informal Contexts
Authors: Veblen Kari K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines current research and practice in formal, nonformal, and informal learning for adult music students. In a formal setting, the teacher controls the materials, pacing, and interactions in a structured environment. Nonformal learning practices involve systematic and deliberate but less regulated pursuits that occur outside of educational structures. Informal practices comprise aspects of knowledge and skill acquisition that are largely experiential.
Music Education in the Postperformance World
Authors: Thibeault Matthew D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis article examines music education in our present world, which is characterized as postperformance. The postperformance world is one where music is often experienced through recordings rather than live performances; where the music produced in a studio result in recordings that may be impossible to perform live due to sampling or synthesis; and where the prevalence of recordings radically changes the way we hear. The study discusses the awareness of media in the 1930; mass media as celebration in the 1960s; new media as transformative in the 1990s; and resituating music education in the postperformance world.
University Professors and the Entrepreneurial Spirit
Authors: Bresler Liora 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe pressure of shrinking state budgets, uncertain returns on endowments, and the search for revenue producing course offerings and degree programs have made it important for academics to re-consider their roles in the university. This article discusses academic entrepreneurship as a mindset that attends to and promotes their commitments. It also identifies entrepreneurial characteristics that are related to habits of mind and enculturation of university faculty, as well as to those of musicians.
International Music Education: Setting up a Global Information System
Authors: Hentschke Liane 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This article discusses the lack of systematized knowledge about international music education. The discussion represents a step forward in viewing music education from a global perspective and in putting together the accumulated knowledge of music in the so-called Global Information System in Music Education. The author presented this idea for the first time during her keynote address at the Sixth International Research in Music Education Conference (Exeter 2009). It is based on her experience as a professor and researcher in music education, and especially from the challenges she faced as president of the International Society of Music Education.
Across Borders and Technologies: Advancements in Virtual Teams Research
Authors: Kirkman Bradley L. , Gibson Cristina B. , Kim Kwanghyun 
Published: February 2013

AbstractResearch on virtual teams continues to grow as this form of teaming is increasingly adopted by organizations worldwide. To comprehensively analyze the growing literature on virtual teams, we reviewed 197 articles published between 1986 and 2008. We organize our review both by level of analysis (i.e., individual, group, and organization) and by relevance to the input-emergent state-process-output (IEPO) framework, yielding 12 theoretically meaningful categories of research. We summarize and synthesize this research over the last 22 years in each of these 12 areas, and we conclude with directions for future research related to five overarching themes: (a) the conceptualization of virtuality; (b) team development; (c) virtual team leadership; (d) levels of analysis; and (e) multidisciplinary approaches.
Behavior, Performance, and Effectiveness in the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Campbell John P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractSometime during the 1980s, industrial and organizational (I/O) psychology stopped merely complaining about the “criterion problem” and began thinking about occupational or work role performance as a construct that could be substantively modeled. Subsequently, there has been considerable theory and research dealing with the substantive latent structure of performance, performance dynamics, and performance measurement issues. This chapter reviews these developments and argues that, despite differences in terminology and points of emphasis, there is virtually complete convergence concerning the principal components of job performance. The convergent picture is described, along with its implication for theory and research in I/O psychology. Finally, and somewhat unexpectedly, it is argued that at a particular level of generality/specificity the substantive structure of individual work performance is invariant, regardless of occupation, organizational level, situational context, or performance dynamics.
Personnel Selection: Ensuring Sustainable Organizational Effectiveness Through the Acquisition of Human Capital
Authors: Ployhart Robert E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this chapter I propose a vision for the field of personnel selection: ensuring sustainable organizational effectiveness through the acquisition of human capital. This vision is used to organize and review historical approaches to selection, critique contemporary approaches, and identify future research needs. It is argued that while there is a rich history of research on personnel selection practices and techniques, this research falls short of achieving the vision. Rather, scholars will need to take a broader, and frequently more contextualized, orientation if they are to show the organizational benefits of selection procedures.
Person-Environment Fit in Organizational Settings
Authors: Ostroff Cheri 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to review and synthesize research on the fit, congruence, and alignment between individuals and their organizational environment. Theoretical foundations and conceptualizations of person–environment (PE) fit are reviewed, highlighting areas of ambiguity and controversy. The framework of fit addresses different fit perspectives (similarity, fulfillment, and compilation), fit to different hierarchical levels (person-individual, person-job, person-group, and person-organization fit), and different modes of defining the environment (person-based versus situational-based). Distinctions are drawn between objective and subjective fit, and a set of organizational and individual differences variables are hypothesized to increase the convergence between the two. Further, misfit is defined, and moderators of the relationship between fit, misfit, and individual outcomes are suggested. Finally, the notion that individuals simultaneously desire to fit in terms of being similar to others and being distinctive from others is addressed as a means to further future research on the PE fit in organizations.
Using the Entropy of Tracheal Sounds to Detect Apnea during Sedation in Healthy Nonobese Volunteers
Authors: Yu Lu , Ting Chien-Kun , Hill Bryce E. , Orr Joseph A. , Brewer Lara M. , Johnson Ken B. , Egan Talmage D. , Westenskow Dwayne R. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background:
Undetected apnea can lead to severe hypoxia, bradycardia, and cardiac arrest. Tracheal sounds entropy has been proved to be a robust method for estimating respiratory flow, thus maybe a more reliable way to detect obstructive and central apnea during sedation.

Methods:
A secondary analysis of a previous pharmacodynamics study was conducted. Twenty volunteers received propofol and remifentinal until they became unresponsive to the insertion of a bougie into the esophagus. Respiratory flow rate and tracheal sounds were recorded using a pneumotachometer and a microphone. The logarithm of the tracheal sound Shannon entropy (Log-E) was calculated to estimate flow rate. An adaptive Log-E threshold was used to distinguish between the presence of normal breath and apnea. Apnea detected from tracheal sounds was compared to the apnea detected from respiratory flow rate.

Results:
The volunteers stopped breathing for 15 s or longer (apnea) 322 times during the 12.9-h study. Apnea was correctly detected 310 times from both the tracheal sounds and the respiratory flow. Periods of apnea were not detected by the tracheal sounds 12 times. The absence of tracheal sounds was falsely detected as apnea 89 times. Normal breathing was detected correctly 1,196 times. The acoustic method detected obstructive and central apnea in sedated volunteers with 95% sensitivity and 92% specificity.

Conclusions:
We found that the entropy of the acoustic signal from a microphone placed over the trachea may reliably provide an early warning of the onset of obstructive and central apnea in volunteers under sedation.
Rapid Severing and Motility of Chloroplast-Actin Filaments Are Required for the Chloroplast Avoidance Response inArabidopsis
Authors: Kong Sam-Geun , Arai Yoshiyuki , Suetsugu Noriyuki , Yanagida Toshio , Wada Masamitsu 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPhototropins (phot1 and phot2 in Arabidopsis thaliana) relay blue light intensity information to the chloroplasts, which move toward weak light (the accumulation response) and away from strong light (the avoidance response). Chloroplast-actin (cp-actin) filaments are vital for mediating these chloroplast photorelocation movements. In this report, we examine in detail the cp-actin filament dynamics by which the chloroplast avoidance response is regulated. Although stochastic dynamics of cortical actin fragments are observed on the chloroplasts, the basic mechanisms underlying the disappearance (including severing and turnover) of the cp-actin filaments are regulated differently from those of cortical actin filaments. phot2 plays a pivotal role in the strong blue light–induced severing and random motility of cp-actin filaments, processes that are therefore essential for asymmetric cp-actin formation for the avoidance response. In addition, phot2 functions in the bundling of cp-actin filaments that is induced by dark incubation. By contrast, the function of phot1 is dispensable for these responses. Our findings suggest that phot2 is the primary photoreceptor involved in the rapid reorganization of cp-actin filaments that allows chloroplasts to change direction rapidly and control the velocity of the avoidance movement according to the light's intensity and position.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Efficacy and Safety of a Single 2‐mg Intravenous Dose of Hydromorphone Versus Usual Care in the Management of Acute Pain
Authors: Chang Andrew K. , Bijur Polly E. , Lupow Jason B. , John Gallagher E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to test the efficacy and safety of 2 mg of intravenous (IV) hydromorphone (Dilaudid) against “usual care” in emergency department (ED) patients with acute severe pain.MethodsThis was a randomized clinical trial. Patients allocated to 2 mg of IV hydromorphone received their medication in a single dose. Those randomized to usual care received any IV opioid, with type, dose, and frequency chosen by the ED attending. All patients received 2 L/min. nasal cannula oxygen. The primary outcome was the difference in the proportion of patients who achieved clinically satisfactory analgesia by 30 minutes. This was defined as the patient declining additional analgesia when asked the question, “Do you want more pain medicine?” A 10% absolute difference was chosen a priori as the minimum difference considered clinically significant.ResultsOf 175 subjects randomized to each group, 164 in the 2 mg hydromorphone group and 161 in the usual care group had sufficient data for analysis. Additional pain medication was declined by 77.4% of patients in the 2 mg hydromorphone group at 30 minutes, compared to 65.8% in the usual care group. This difference of 11.6% was statistically and clinically significant (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8% to 21.1%). Safety profiles were similar and no patient required naloxone. There was more pruritus in the hydromorphone group (18.3% vs. 8.7%; difference = 9.6%, 95% CI = 2.6% to 16.6%).ConclusionsUsing a simple dichotomous patient‐centered endpoint in which a difference of 10% in proportion obtaining adequate analgesia was considered clinically significant, 2 mg of hydromorphone in a single IV dose is clinically and statistically more efficacious when compared to usual care for acute pain management in the ED.
Nitrous Oxide for Early Analgesia in the Emergency Setting: A Randomized, Double‐blind Multicenter Prehospital Trial
Authors: Ducassé Jean‐Louis , Siksik Georges , Durand‐Béchu Manon , Couarraze Sébastien , Vallé Baptiste , Lecoules Nathalie , Marco Patrice , Lacombe Thierry , Bounes Vincent 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectivesAlthough 50% nitrous oxide (N2O) and oxygen is a widely used treatment, its efficacy had never been evaluated in the prehospital setting. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of premixed N2O and oxygen in patients with out‐of‐hospital moderate traumatic acute pain.MethodsThis prospective, randomized, multicenter, double‐blind trial enrolled patients with acute moderate pain (numeric rating scale [NRS] score between 4 and 6 out of 10) caused by trauma. Patients were assigned to receive either 50/50 N2O and oxygen 9 L/min (N2O group) or medical air (MA) 9 L/min (MA group), in ambulances from two nurse‐staffed fire department centers. After the first 15 minutes, every patient received N2O and oxygen. The primary endpoint was pain relief at 15 minutes (T15), defined as a NRS ≤ 3 of 10. The NRS was measured every 5 minutes. Secondary endpoints were treatment safety and adverse events, time to analgesia, and patient and investigator satisfaction with analgesia.ResultsSixty patients were included with no differences between groups in age (median = 34 years, interquartile range [IQR] = 23 to 53 years), sex (37 males, 66%), and initial median NRS of 6 (IQR = 5 to 6). At T15, 67% of the patients in the N2O group had an NRS score of 3 or lower versus 27% of those in the MA group (delta = 40%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 17% to 63%; p < 0.001). The median pain scores were lower in the N2O group at T15, 2 (IQR = 1 to 4) versus 5 (IQR = 3 to 6). There was a difference at 5 minutes that persisted at all subsequent time points. Four patients (one in the N2O group) experienced adverse events (nausea) during the protocol.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the efficacy of N2O for the treatment of pain from acute trauma in adults in the prehospital setting.
Parathyroid hormone and arterial dysfunction in the multi‐ethnic study of atherosclerosis
Authors: Bosworth Cortney , Sachs Michael C. , Duprez Daniel , Hoofnagle Andrew N. , Ix Joachim H. , Jacobs David R. , Peralta Carmen A. , Siscovick David S. , Kestenbaum Bryan , de Boer Ian H. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryObjectiveHigh circulating concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) have been associated with increased risks of hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, congestive heart failure and cardiovascular mortality. Impaired arterial function is a potential mechanism for these associations. We tested whether serum PTH concentration is associated with measures of arterial function.DesignCross‐sectional study.ParticipantsA total of 6545 persons without clinical cardiovascular disease participating in the community‐based Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.MeasurementsBrachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) as well as aortic pulse pressure and arterial pulse parameters derived from Windkessel modelling of the radial pressure waveform.ResultsHigher serum PTH concentration was associated with lower brachial artery FMD (mean difference −0·09% per 10 pg/ml PTH), higher aortic pulse pressure (0·53 mmHg per 10 pg/ml) and reduced Windkessel capacitive index C1 (large artery elasticity, −0·12 ml/mmHg × 10 per 10 pg/ml), adjusting for potential confounding variables (all P‐values ≤ 0·001). These relationships were independent of serum calcium concentration, serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentration and estimated glomerular filtration rate and were consistent across relevant participant subgroups. Associations of PTH with aortic pulse pressure and capacitive index C1 were attenuated after adjustment for blood pressure. Serum PTH concentration was not associated with the oscillatory index C2 (small artery elasticity).ConclusionsHigher serum PTH concentration was associated with impaired endothelial function, increased aortic pulse pressure and decreased capacitive index C1 in a large, diverse, community‐based population. These relationships may help explain previously observed associations of elevated PTH with cardiovascular disease.
Influence of crown–implant ratio on implant success rates and crestal bone levels: a 36‐month follow‐up prospective study
Authors: Malchiodi Luciano , Cucchi Alessandro , Ghensi Paolo , Consonni Dario , Nocini Pier F. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this prospective study was to determine how the crown–implant ratio (C/I ratio) influences crestal bone loss and implant success rates after a 3‐year follow‐up, using implants with a sintered porous surface (SPS).Materials and methodsOn the basis of preestablished inclusion and exclusion criteria, 151 of a cohort of 160 patients with single or partial edentulism were selected as eligible for the study. The 151 patients were treated consecutively from 2005 to 2007 using 280 SPS implants, which were restored with a single crown or a partial fixed denture. The data collection included both clinical and anatomical C/I ratios; other implant prosthetic factors were also recorded. Implants were divided into three groups according to the C/I ratio. Clinical and radiographic examinations were scheduled over a 36‐month follow‐up of functional loading according to a well‐established protocol generally applied to determine implant success rates and crestal bone levels. Statistical analysis was used to determine any significant differences or correlations (P = 0.05).ResultsA total of 259 SPS implants in 136 patients were followed up for 36 months. According to the success criteria, the overall implant‐based success rate was 98.1%, and the mean peri‐implant bone loss (PBL) was 0.48 ± 0.29 mm. Statistical analysis revealed significant correlation between implant success rate and C/I ratio (P < 0.05) and between PBL and C/I ratio (P < 0.05). The critical threshold value of the anatomical and clinical C/I ratio for avoiding excessive bone loss or implant failure was 3.10 and 3.40.ConclusionThis prospective cohort study revealed that SPS implants offer a predictable solution for implant prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with edentulism characterized by different alveolar bone atrophy. From the biomechanical point of view, the C/I ratio would appear to be the main parameter capable of influencing implant success and crestal bone loss. Consequently, it is important not to exceed the threshold values in order to avoid excessive stress at the bone–implant interface capable of resulting in excessive crestal bone loss or implant failure.
Laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for rectal prolapse and symptomatic rectocele: an analysis of 245 consecutive patients
Authors: Formijne Jonkers H. A. , Poierrié N. , Draaisma W. A. , Broeders I. A. M. J. , Consten E. C. J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimThis retrospective study aimed to determine functional results of laparoscopic ventral rectopexy (LVR) for rectal prolapse (RP) and symptomatic rectoceles in a large cohort of patients.MethodAll patients treated between 2004 and 2011 were identified. Relevant patient characteristics were gathered. A questionnaire concerning disease‐related symptoms as well as the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score (CCIS) and Cleveland Clinic Constipation Score (CCCS) was sent to all patients.ResultsA total of 245 patients underwent operation. Twelve patients (5%) died during follow‐up and were excluded. The remaining patients (224 women, nine men) were sent a questionnaire. Indications for LVR were external RP (n = 36), internal RP or symptomatic rectocele (n = 157) or a combination of symptomatic rectocele and enterocele (n = 40). Mean age and follow‐up were 62 years (range 22–89) and 30 months (range 5–83), respectively. Response rate was 64% (150 patients). The complication rate was 4.6% (11 complications). A significant reduction in symptoms of constipation or obstructed defaecation syndrome was reported (53% of patients before vs 19% after surgery, P < 0.001). Mean CCCS during follow‐up was 8.1 points (range 0–23, SD ± 4.3). Incontinence was reported in 138 (59%) of the patients before surgery and in 32 (14%) of the patients after surgery, indicating a significant reduction (P < 0.001). Mean CCIS was 6.7 (range 0–19, SD ± 5.2) after surgery.ConclusionA significant reduction of incontinence and constipation or obstructed defaecation syndrome after LVR was observed in this large retrospective study. LVR therefore appears a suitable treatment for RP and rectocele with and without associated enterocele.
Extinction risk and tradeoffs in reserve site selection for species of different body sizes
Authors: Kitzes Justin , Merenlender Adina 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDesigning reserve networks often requires a tradeoff between maximizing patch sizes to decrease local extinction rates and clustering patches to increase colonization rates. Here we use stochastic metapopulation models to evaluate how this tradeoff affects landscape‐wide extinction risk for idealized terrestrial mammals with body sizes from 10 g to 100 kg. In simple two‐patch networks, clustering patches decreases extinction risk only when inter‐patch distances are within 0.5–1.25 times a species’ maximum observed dispersal distance. In an empirical landscape in which a fixed total area can be protected, this finding accurately predicts that, relative to a network that maximizes mean patch area, clustering patches most decreases extinction risk for intermediate‐sized species. These results demonstrate that there is no globally optimal level of patch clustering that will best protect all species and highlight rules of thumb for reserve network design based on the interaction of species’ body size and landscape scale.