bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Inspiration Breath Hold for left-sided breast cancer: experience from the patient’s perspective
Authors: Mc Parland Neil , Nica Luminita , Soo Jenny , Menna Tara 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe dosimetric benefits of Deep Inspiration Breath Hold (DIBH) in reducing cardiac dose are well documented, however reports on the patient’s personal experience with this technique are limited. The purpose of this research is to investigate DIBH from the patient’s perspective and to provide recommendations to further improve the patient experience.Materials and methodsA questionnaire was used to record the patient’s comprehension of DIBH instructions and preparation for treatment. Levels of comfort, confidence and technical challenge were also recorded and an open-format question allowed patients to provide suggestions to improve the DIBH experience.ResultsThe majority of patients do not find it difficult to hold their breath at the correct level during DIBH and confidence levels regarding ability to follow instructions are good. Comprehension of instructions, preparation to perform DIBH and treatment position comfort levels were universally graded positively.ConclusionThe majority of patients reported a strong level of comprehension and preparation that allows them to confidently perform DIBH as planned. Establishment of a dedicated treatment team, consistent patient instructions, regular feedback and an opportunity to rehearse DIBH can help increase patient confidence and reduce anxiety.
Testing the Incremental Value of a Separate Measure for Secure	Attachment Relative to a Measure for Attachment Anxiety and	Avoidance
Authors: Brenning Katrijn , Soenens Bart , Braet Caroline 
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Research on attachment in middle childhood and early adolescence has typically relied on either unidimensional measures of attachment security (vs. insecurity) or on differentiated measures of attachment anxiety and avoidance. This study addressed the question whether there is a need to add an explicit measure of security when operationalizing parent-child attachment in terms of anxiety and avoidance. Both dimensional (i.e., regression analyses) and person-centered analyses (i.e., cluster analysis) are used in this study (N = 276, 53% boys, mean age = 10.66) to examine the incremental value of a scale for attachment security (in this study, the Security Scale) in addition to a scale for attachment anxiety and avoidance (in this study, the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Revised – Child version; ECR-RC). The present results suggest that an assessment of anxious and avoidant attachment (using the ECR-RC) may suffice to capture the quality of parent-child attachment in middle childhood and early adolescence.
Experimental evidence of new tetragonal polymorphs of silicon formed through ultrafast laser-induced confined microexplosion
Authors: Rapp L. , Haberl B. , Pickard C.J. , Bradby J.E. , Gamaly E.G. , Williams J.S. , Rode A.V. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractOrdinary materials can transform into novel phases at extraordinary high pressure and temperature. The recently developed method of ultrashort laser-induced confined microexplosions initiates a non-equilibrium disordered plasma state. Ultra-high quenching rates overcome kinetic barriers to the formation of new metastable phases, which are preserved in the surrounding pristine crystal for subsequent exploitation. Here we demonstrate that confined microexplosions in silicon produce several metastable end phases. Comparison with an ab initio random structure search reveals six energetically competitive potential phases, four tetragonal and two monoclinic structures. We show the presence of bt8 and st12, which have been predicted theoretically previously, but have not been observed in nature or in laboratory experiments. In addition, the presence of the as yet unidentified silicon phase, Si-VIII and two of our other predicted tetragonal phases are highly likely within laser-affected zones. These findings may pave the way for new materials with novel and exotic properties.
Complex structural dynamics of nanocatalysts revealed in Operando conditions by correlated imaging and spectroscopy probes
Authors: Li Y. , Zakharov D. , Zhao S. , Tappero R. , Jung U. , Elsen A. , Baumann Ph. , Nuzzo R.G. , Stach E.A. , Frenkel A.I. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUnderstanding how heterogeneous catalysts change size, shape and structure during chemical reactions is limited by the paucity of methods for studying catalytic ensembles in working state, that is, in operando conditions. Here by a correlated use of synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy in operando conditions, we quantitatively describe the complex structural dynamics of supported Pt catalysts exhibited during an exemplary catalytic reaction—ethylene hydrogenation. This work exploits a microfabricated catalytic reactor compatible with both probes. The results demonstrate dynamic transformations of the ensemble of Pt clusters that spans a broad size range throughout changing reaction conditions. This method is generalizable to quantitative operando studies of complex systems using a wide variety of X-ray and electron-based experimental probes.
Pliocene cooling enhanced by flow of low-salinity Bering Sea water to the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Horikawa Keiji , Martin Ellen E. , Basak Chandranath , Onodera Jonaotaro , Seki Osamu , Sakamoto Tatsuhiko , Ikehara Minoru , Sakai Saburo , Kawamura Kimitaka 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWarming of high northern latitudes in the Pliocene (5.33–2.58 Myr ago) has been linked to the closure of the Central American Seaway and intensification of North Atlantic Deep Water. Subsequent cooling in the late Pliocene may be related to the effects of freshwater input from the Arctic Ocean via the Bering Strait, disrupting North Atlantic Deep Water formation and enhancing sea ice formation. However, the timing of Arctic freshening has not been defined. Here we present neodymium and lead isotope records of detrital sediment from the Bering Sea for the past 4.3 million years. Isotopic data suggest the presence of Alaskan glaciers as far back as 4.2 Myr ago, while diatom and C37:4 alkenone records show a long-term trend towards colder and fresher water in the Bering Sea beginning with the M2 glaciation (3.3 Myr ago). We argue that the introduction of low-salinity Bering Sea water to the Arctic Ocean by 3.3 Myr ago preconditioned the climate system for global cooling.
In Vivo Fluorescence Immunohistochemistry: Localization of Fluorescently Labeled Cetuximab in Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: de Boer Esther , Warram Jason M. , Tucker Matthew D. , Hartman Yolanda E. , Moore Lindsay S. , de Jong Johannes S. , Chung Thomas K. , Korb Melissa L. , Zinn Kurt R. , van Dam Gooitzen M. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Brandwein-Gensler Margaret S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAnti-EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) antibody based treatment strategies have been successfully implemented in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Unfortunately, predicting an accurate and reliable therapeutic response remains a challenge on a per-patient basis. Although significant efforts have been invested in understanding EGFR-mediated changes in cell signaling related to treatment efficacy, the delivery and histological localization in (peri-)tumoral compartments of antibody-based therapeutics in human tumors is poorly understood nor ever made visible. In this first in-human study of a systemically administered near-infrared (NIR) fluorescently labeled therapeutic antibody, cetuximab-IRDye800CW (2.5 mg/m2, 25 mg/m2and 62.5 mg/m2), we show that by optical molecular imaging (i.e. denominated asIn vivoFluorescence Immunohistochemistry) we were able to evaluate localization of fluorescently labeled cetuximab. Clearly, optical molecular imaging with fluorescently labeled antibodies correlating morphological (peri-)tumoral characteristics to levels of antibody delivery, may improve treatment paradigms based on understanding true tumoral antibody delivery.
Cortical actin networks induce spatio-temporal confinement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane – a minimally invasive investigation by STED-FCS
Authors: Andrade Débora M. , Clausen Mathias P. , Keller Jan , Mueller Veronika , Wu Congying , Bear James E. , Hell Stefan W. , Lagerholm B. Christoffer , Eggeling Christian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractImportant discoveries in the last decades have changed our view of the plasma membrane organisation. Specifically, the cortical cytoskeleton has emerged as a key modulator of the lateral diffusion of membrane proteins. Cytoskeleton-dependent compartmentalised lipid diffusion has been proposed, but this concept remains controversial because this phenomenon has thus far only been observed with artefact-prone probes in combination with a single technique: single particle tracking. In this paper, we report the first direct observation of compartmentalised phospholipid diffusion in the plasma membrane of living cells using a minimally invasive, fluorescent dye labelled lipid analogue. These observations were made using optical STED nanoscopy in combination with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (STED-FCS), a technique which allows the study of membrane dynamics on a sub-millisecond time-scale and with a spatial resolution of down to 40 nm. Specifically, we find that compartmentalised phospholipid diffusion depends on the cortical actin cytoskeleton and that this constrained diffusion is directly dependent on the F-actin branching nucleator Arp2/3. These findings provide solid evidence that the Arp2/3-dependent cortical actin cytoskeleton plays a pivotal role in the dynamic organisation of the plasma membrane, potentially regulating fundamental cellular processes.
Metabolome progression during early gut microbial colonization of gnotobiotic mice
Authors: Marcobal Angela , Yusufaly Tahir , Higginbottom Steven , Snyder Michael , Sonnenburg Justin L. , Mias George I. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe microbiome has been implicated directly in host health, especially host metabolic processes and development of immune responses. These are particularly important in infants where the gut first begins being colonized and such processes may be modeled in mice. In this investigation we follow longitudinally the urine metabolome of ex-germ-free mice, which are colonized with two bacterial species, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bifidobacterium longum. High-throughput mass spectrometry profiling of urine samples revealed dynamic changes in the metabolome makeup, associated with the gut bacterial colonization, enabled by our adaptation of non-linear time-series analysis to urine metabolomics data. Results demonstrate both gradual and punctuated changes in metabolite production and that early colonization events profoundly impact the nature of small molecules circulating in the host. The identified small molecules are implicated in amino acid and carbohydrate metabolic processes and offer insights into the dynamic changes occurring during the colonization process, using high-throughput longitudinal methodology.
Chemical and Metabolic Profiling of Si-Ni Decoction Analogous Formulae by High performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chen Qian , Xiao Shun , Li Zhenhao , Ai Ni , Fan Xiaohui 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAlong with an indispensable role in healthcare system of China for centuries, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) shows increasing usages as complementary therapy in western countries. To improve our understanding on their therapeutic effects, it’s critical to unveil chemical compositions of TCM formula, the predominant form of therapy in TCM. However, intrinsic chemical complexity makes it a challenging task to perform analysis on each individual TCM formula even with most current state-of-art analytic techniques available. In this work we approached this question by focusing on analogous formulae, a unique category of TCM formulae grouped together based on shared herbs and/or similar TCM syndromes. Systematic chemical profiling on five Si-Ni decoctions (SNs) for cardiovascular diseases was performed by multistage MS and high-resolution MS (HR-MS) experiments. A total of 83 compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, ginsenosides, bile acids and triterpenoids, were described. Analysis on SNs-treated rats detected 55 prototype compounds and 39 metabolites in the systemic circulation in vivo, which may contribute directly to their observed clinical efficacies. This approach offers great advantage to speed up identification of chemical compositions of formula and reveal the difference among these analogous formulae that may be related to diverse clinical effects.
Graphene-coated materials using silica particles as a framework for highly efficient removal of aromatic pollutants in water
Authors: Yang Kaijie , Chen Baoliang , Zhu Lizhong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe substantial aggregation of pristine graphene nanosheets decreases its powerful adsorption capacity and diminishes its practical applications. To overcome this shortcoming, graphene-coated materials (GCMs) were prepared by loading graphene onto silica nanoparticles (SiO2). With the support of SiO2, the stacked interlamination of graphene was held open to expose the powerful adsorption sites in the interlayers. The adsorption of phenanthrene, a model aromatic pollutant, onto the loaded graphene nanosheets increased up to 100 fold compared with pristine graphene at the same level. The adsorption of GCMs increased with the loading amount of the graphene nanosheets and dramatically decreased with the introduction of oxygen-containing groups in the graphene nanosheets. The highly hydrophobic effect and the strong π-π stacking interactions of the exposed graphene nanosheets contributed to their superior adsorption of GCMs. An unusual GCM peak adsorption coefficient (Kd) was observed with the increase in sorbate concentration. The sorbate concentration at peak Kd shifted to lower values for the reduced graphene oxide and graphene relative to the graphene oxide. Therefore, the replacement of water nanodroplets attached to the graphene nanosheets through weak non-hydrogen bonding with phenanthrene molecules via strong π-π stacking interactions is hypothesized to be an additional adsorption mechanism for GCMs.
Thickness of a metallic film, in addition to its roughness, plays a significant role in SERS activity
Authors: Lee Changwon , Robertson Christopher S. , Nguyen An H. , Kahraman Mehmet , Wachsmann-Hogiu Sebastian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this paper we evaluate the effect of roughness and thickness of silver film substrates, fabricated on glass and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) templates, on surface-enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) activity. While the silver substrates obtained on glass templates exhibit nm-scale roughness, the silver substrates on PDMS templates show larger roughness, on the order of 10 s of nm. These roughness values do not change significantly with the thickness of the silver film. The SERS intensities of 4-aminothiophenol (ATP) deposited on these substrates strongly depend on both roughness and thickness, with more significant contribution from the roughness on thinner films. FEM simulations of the electric field intensities on surfaces of different thicknesses for rough and flat surfaces suggest higher localized plamons on thinner, rough surfaces. This study indicates that, besides roughness, the thickness of the metallic layer plays a significant role in the SERS activity.
Bacterial population and biodegradation potential in chronically crude oil-contaminated marine sediments are strongly linked to temperature
Authors: Bargiela Rafael , Mapelli Francesca , Rojo David , Chouaia Bessem , Tornés Jesús , Borin Sara , Richter Michael , Del Pozo Mercedes V. , Cappello Simone , Gertler Christoph , Genovese María , Denaro Renata , Martínez-Martínez Mónica , Fodelianakis Stilianos , Amer Ranya A. , Bigazzi David , Han Xifang , Chen Jianwei , Chernikova Tatyana N. , Golyshina Olga V. , Mahjoubi Mouna , Jaouanil Atef , Benzha Fatima , Magagnini Mirko , Hussein Emad , Al-Horani Fuad , Cherif Ameur , Blaghen Mohamed , Abdel-Fattah Yasser R. , Kalogerakis Nicolas , Barbas Coral , Malkawi Hanan I. , Golyshin Peter N. , Yakimov Michail M. , Daffonchio Daniele , Ferrer Manuel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTwo of the largest crude oil-polluted areas in the world are the semi-enclosed Mediterranean and Red Seas, but the effect of chronic pollution remains incompletely understood on a large scale. We compared the influence of environmental and geographical constraints and anthropogenic forces (hydrocarbon input) on bacterial communities in eight geographically separated oil-polluted sites along the coastlines of the Mediterranean and Red Seas. The differences in community compositions and their biodegradation potential were primarily associated (P < 0.05) with both temperature and chemical diversity. Furthermore, we observed a link between temperature and chemical and biological diversity that was stronger in chronically polluted sites than in pristine ones where accidental oil spills occurred. We propose that low temperature increases bacterial richness while decreasing catabolic diversity and that chronic pollution promotes catabolic diversification. Our results further suggest that the bacterial populations in chronically polluted sites may respond more promptly in degrading petroleum after accidental oil spills.
Distinct functions of opioid-related peptides and gastrin-releasing peptide in regulating itch and pain in the spinal cord of primates
Authors: Lee Heeseung , Ko Mei-Chuan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHow neuropeptides in the primate spinal cord regulate itch and pain is largely unknown. Here we elucidate the sensory functions of spinal opioid-related peptides and gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) in awake, behaving monkeys. Following intrathecal administration, β-endorphin (10–100 nmol) and GRP (1–10 nmol) dose-dependently elicit the same degree of robust itch scratching, which can be inhibited by mu-opioid peptide (MOP) receptor and GRP receptor (BB2) antagonists, respectively. Unlike β-endorphin, which produces itch and attenuates inflammatory pain, GRP only elicits itch without affecting pain. In contrast, enkephalins (100–1000 nmol) and nociceptin-orphanin FQ (3–30 nmol) only inhibit pain without eliciting itch. More intriguingly, dynorphin A(1–17) (10–100 nmol) dose-dependently attenuates both β-endorphin- and GRP-elicited robust scratching without affecting pain processing. The anti-itch effects of dynorphin A can be reversed by a kappa-opioid peptide (KOP) receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine. These nonhuman primate behavioral models with spinal delivery of ligands advance our understanding of distinct functions of neuropeptides for modulating itch and pain. In particular, we demonstrate causal links for itch-eliciting effects by β-endorphin-MOP receptor and GRP-BB2 receptor systems and itch-inhibiting effects by the dynorphin A-KOP receptor system. These studies will facilitate transforming discoveries of novel ligand-receptor systems into future therapies as antipruritics and/or analgesics in humans.
Widespread tsunami-like waves of 23-27 June in the Mediterranean and Black Seas generated by high-altitude atmospheric forcing
Authors: Šepić Jadranka , Vilibić Ivica , Rabinovich Alexander B. , Monserrat Sebastian 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA series of tsunami-like waves of non-seismic origin struck several southern European countries during the period of 23 to 27 June 2014. The event caused considerable damage from Spain to Ukraine. Here, we show that these waves were long-period ocean oscillations known as meteorological tsunamis which are generated by intense small-scale air pressure disturbances. An unique atmospheric synoptic pattern was tracked propagating eastward over the Mediterranean and the Black seas in synchrony with onset times of observed tsunami waves. This pattern favoured generation and propagation of atmospheric gravity waves that induced pronounced tsunami-like waves through the Proudman resonance mechanism. This is the first documented case of a chain of destructive meteorological tsunamis occurring over a distance of thousands of kilometres. Our findings further demonstrate that these events represent potentially dangerous regional phenomena and should be included in tsunami warning systems.
Functional conservation of an ancestral Pellino protein in helminth species
Authors: Cluxton Christopher D. , Caffrey Brian E. , Kinsella Gemma K. , Moynagh Paul N. , Fares Mario A. , Fallon Padraic G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe immune system of H. sapiens has innate signaling pathways that arose in ancestral species. This is exemplified by the discovery of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway using free-living model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster. The TLR pathway is ubiquitous and controls sensitivity to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in eukaryotes. There is, however, a marked absence of this pathway from the plathyhelminthes, with the exception of the Pellino protein family, which is present in a number of species from this phylum. Helminth Pellino proteins are conserved having high similarity, both at the sequence and predicted structural protein level, with that of human Pellino proteins. Pellino from a model helminth, Schistosoma mansoni Pellino (SmPellino), was shown to bind and poly-ubiquitinate human IRAK-1, displaying E3 ligase activity consistent with its human counterparts. When transfected into human cells SmPellino is functional, interacting with signaling proteins and modulating mammalian signaling pathways. Strict conservation of a protein family in species lacking its niche signalling pathway is rare and provides a platform to examine the ancestral functions of Pellino proteins that may translate into novel mechanisms of immune regulation in humans.
Detection and mapping of illicit drugs and their metabolites in fingermarks by MALDI MS and compatibility with forensic techniques
Authors: Groeneveld G. , de Puit M. , Bleay S. , Bradshaw R. , Francese S. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDespite the proven capabilities of Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (MALDI MS) in laboratory settings, research is still needed to integrate this technique into current forensic fingerprinting practice. Optimised protocols enabling the compatible application of MALDI to developed fingermarks will allow additional intelligence to be gathered around a suspect’s lifestyle and activities prior to the deposition of their fingermarks while committing a crime. The detection and mapping of illicit drugs and metabolites in latent fingermarks would provide intelligence that is beneficial for both police investigations and court cases. This study investigated MALDI MS detection and mapping capabilities for a large range of drugs of abuse and their metabolites in fingermarks; the detection and mapping of a mixture of these drugs in marks, with and without prior development with cyanoacrylate fuming or Vacuum Metal Deposition, was also examined. Our findings indicate the versatility of MALDI technology and its ability to retrieve chemical intelligence either by detecting the compounds investigated or by using their ion signals to reconstruct 2D maps of fingermark ridge details.