bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atopic dermatitis in children: management of pruritus
Authors: Blume‐Peytavi U. , Metz M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractChildren with chronic atopic dermatitis (AD)‐related itch require a comprehensive treatment approach that addresses the underlying cause of pruritus, as well as symptoms and complications that extend beyond the physical domain. In small children and infants, the short‐term complications of quality of life disturbance and sleep dysfunction are closely associated with the course of adolescent development. In addition, the physical damage that results from uncontrolled pruritus and scratching can lead to disease chronification. Therefore, the rapid relief of acute pruritic flares, followed by the long‐term maintenance of symptom‐free skin, should be prioritized in AD treatment, in an effort to avoid the emotional, social and physical chronic manifestations described above. Alleviation of AD symptoms with fourth‐generation topical anti‐inflammatory agents like methylprednisolone aceponate is an appropriate choice of therapy for children and infants, due to its optimized therapeutic index and versatility in formulation. Especially in AD, supplemental disease management education should be considered, to address the psycho‐social needs of children (and their families) suffering from pruritus.
Unlike most vipers, female rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox) continue to hunt and feed throughout pregnancy
Authors: Schuett G. W. , Repp R. A. , Amarello M. , Smith C. F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFor various reasons, reduction or cessation of feeding (anorexia) can occur in either sex during periods of reproduction among vertebrates, from cichlids to elephant seals. Anorexia is commonly associated with gestation in snakes. Using radiotelemetry, we investigated the feeding and spatial ecology of a live‐bearing viperid snake, the western diamond‐backed rattlesnakes (Crotalus atrox). Specifically, from 2001 to 2010, we determined the feeding frequency and home range size of adult females (n = 27) during the active season (March–October) in a population from the Sonoran Desert of Arizona. We addressed a central hypothesis: Do hunting and feeding occur throughout pregnancy? Also, we tested a corollary hypothesis: Does pregnancy influence home range size? We documented hunting and feeding from March to October and during pregnancy (June to mid‐September). Feeding frequency was significantly greater in late pregnancy, a result that is in sharp contrast to most other large‐bodied vipers. Furthermore, home range sizes in gestating subjects did not differ from those in nonreproductive years. Births occurred from mid‐August to mid‐September and mean litter size was 3.4. Frequent feeding in C. atrox during gestation unquestionably provides energy and nutrients to the mother, which is likely important for survival, but such food consumption does not imply that nutrients are used by the fetuses. There is, however, recent evidence in other snakes, including a pitviper, that amino acids are transferred to fetuses. Feeding during pregnancy in C. atrox may be important for both income and capital mode reproduction. Hunting and feeding throughout gestation might be accomplished by having relatively small litters not burdened by a body cavity filled with fetuses. Reduction in litter size may thus be a life‐history (fecundity) trade‐off that permits females to survive and maintain pregnancy in regions where drought and high temperatures are often extreme and chronic.
Febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is not caused by SCN1A, POLG, PCDH19 mutations or rare copy number variations
Authors: APPENZELLER SILKE , HELBIG INGO , STEPHANI ULRICH , HÄUSLER MARTIN , KLUGER GERHARD , BUNGEROTH MAY , MÜLLER STEFANIE , KUHLENBÄUMER GREGOR , VAN BAALEN ANDREAS 
Published: October 2012

Aim  Febrile infection‐related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES) is an enigmatic seizure disorder in childhood with an innocuous febrile infection triggering severe and intractable multifocal epilepsy, mostly with status epilepticus. FIRES shares several phenotypic features with epilepsies seen in patients with protocadherin 19 (PCDH19), sodium channel protein type 1 subunit alpha (SCN1A), and DNA polymerase subunit gamma‐1 (POLG) mutations. The aim of the study was the mutation analysis of these prime candidate genes in a cohort of patients with FIRES. Additionally, given that rare copy number variations (CNVs) have recently been established as important risk factors for epilepsies, we performed a genome‐wide CNV analysis.Method  We analysed the protein coding region, including splice sites of the three candidate genes in 15 patients (eight males, seven females) with FIRES (age at onset 3–15y, median 6) using Sanger sequencing. Inclusion criteria were a status epilepticus without identifiable cause and a preceding febrile infection in previously healthy children. In addition, we performed genome‐wide human single‐nucleotide polymorphism 6.0 arrays in a subset of 10 patients to identify pathological CNVs.Results  We could not identify the most likely pathogenic mutations or CNVs in FIRES.Interpretation  Mutations in PCDH19, SCN1A, POLG, or CNVs are not responsible for FIRES.
Parental stress in early parenthood among mothers and fathers in Sweden
Authors: Widarsson Margareta , Engström Gabriella , Rosenblad Andreas , Kerstis Birgitta , Edlund Birgitta , Lundberg Pranee 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundParental stress affects parenting behaviour and the quality of dyadic parent–child interactions. Mothers generally show higher parental stress than fathers.AimsOur aims were to assess the perceived level of parental stress in early parenthood and examine the differences between mothers and fathers within couples in relation to their levels of education, parental experience, existence of a parental role model and sense of coherence.MethodsIn total, 307 mothers and 301 fathers of 18‐month‐old children answered the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ); and 318 mothers and 311 fathers answered the Sense of Coherence (SOC‐3) scale; 283 couples answered both the SPSQ and SOC‐3.ResultsMothers perceived higher levels of stress than fathers in the sub‐areas incompetence (p < 0.001), role restriction (p < 0.001), spouse relationship problems (p = 0.004) and health problems (p = 0.027), and in total (p = 0.001). In contrast, fathers perceived higher stress than mothers in the sub‐area social isolation (p < 0.001). When the data were stratified with respect to education, parental experience, existence of a parental role model and sense of coherence, significant results were observed in some of these sub‐areas.ConclusionsMothers and fathers experience stress in different areas during their early parenthood. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the differences in stress that exist between mothers and fathers, so that parents can be adequately prepared for parenthood and avoid parental stress.
Absence of Recruitment Limitation in Restored Dune Slacks Suggests That Manual Seed Introduction Can Be a Successful Practice for Restoring Orchid Populations
Authors: De hert Koen , Jacquemyn Hans , Provoost Sam , Honnay Olivier 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAnswering the question whether or not to introduce seeds of target species in restored habitats depends on the relative importance of dispersal and recruitment limitation. Especially in orchid species, recruitment limitation is expected to be important because of their dependence on mycorrhiza for germination. Using a large seed introduction experiment we investigated the relative importance of dispersal versus recruitment limitation in the failure of three rare orchid species to colonize restored habitat patches. For all species, seeds developed successfully into protocorms in both occupied and unoccupied habitats, and no significant differences in the number of protocorms per seed packet were found between occupied and unoccupied habitats. These results show that orchid species do not necessarily suffer from recruitment limitation when introduced in restored habitats, and that manual introduction of orchid seeds can be a successful and necessary ecological restoration practice.
Increasing Soil Water Retention with Native‐Sourced Mulch Improves Seedling Establishment in Postmine Mediterranean Sandy Soils
Authors: Benigno Stephen M. , Dixon Kingsley W. , Stevens Jason C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSeasonal drought and heavily impeded soils reduce restoration success in Mediterranean‐type postmine soils, where up to 90% seedling mortality has been observed after 2 years. To alleviate these barriers, amendments were incorporated into the soil profile of a freshly mined sand quarry. Within the quarry, three 223 m2 replicate sites contained two substrate amendments: 12% v/v native‐sourced mulch or gravel incorporated within the top 50 cm of the soil profile. Three remnant sites provided a “natural” reference system. Seeds of two autochthonous trees, Banksia attenuata (R.Br.) and B. menziesii (R.Br.) were sown across all treatments. Soil impedance, moisture, and seedling stomatal conductance were monitored for 2 years, at which point seedlings were excavated, and nutrient concentration, root morphology, and soil chemical properties were measured. Roots in all restoration treatments were restricted to the top 40 cm of the profile due to increases in soil impedance, regardless of amendment, compared to >70 cm in the natural system. Seedling mortality was greatest after the second summer in the control and inorganic amendment treatments, with stomatal conductance indicating severe drought stress. Survival in the organic treatment was 24–42% greater than the control, with higher soil moisture and stomatal conductance rates 2.5 times that of the control. The increased soil water retention by a native‐sourced mulch was shown to improve postmine restoration success for these native trees.
Mineralization and Decomposition Rates in Restored Pine Fens
Authors: Tarvainen Oili , Laine Anna M. , Peltonen Mari , Tolvanen Anne 
Published: October 2012

AbstractGrowing public interest in conserving peatlands has created a need for restoration and rapid indicators of progress in peat formation. Vegetation and hydrological indicators are commonly assessed, but changes in mineralization and decomposition rates might better indicate when peat formation is underway in restored peatlands. In Finland, we investigated differences in mineralization and decomposition in the upper peat layer of five undrained and eight drained Pinus‐dominated fens from 2006 to 2009. Forestry‐drained fens were restored in 2007 by harvesting either whole trees or only stems, and by damming and filling ditches. Before restoration, net N mineralization rate was slightly higher in the drained than in undrained fens, whereas soil pH and Betula leaf litter decomposition rate were lower. After restoration, net N mineralization rate was similar for the undrained and restored fens, except near ditches after stem harvest. Also, soil pH and decomposition rate of Betula leaf litter became similar for undrained and restored fens. We conclude that whole tree harvest is a more suitable method for peatland restoration than stem harvest and that mineralization and decomposition rates are suitable indicators for peat formation after restoration.
Rapid Partial Regeneration of Brain Volume During the First 14 Days of Abstinence from Alcohol
Authors: van Eijk Julia , Demirakca Traute , Frischknecht Ulrich , Hermann Derik , Mann Karl , Ende Gabriele 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundChronic alcohol abuse leads to severe damage of the nervous system, including a change in cerebral metabolism and brain morphology. Global volume reductions of gray matter (GM) and white matter and an increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) occur after severe alcohol consumption, but abstinent alcoholics also demonstrate a brain volume recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate whether volumetric amelioration takes place already within the first 2 weeks of abstinence.MethodsAll 49 alcohol‐dependent patients included in this study were scanned within the first 24 hours of detoxification and after 2 weeks of supervised abstinence. Amelioration of volumetric brain loss in alcohol‐dependent patients has been investigated, and brain volumes have been compared with 55 healthy control subjects using whole‐brain segmentation and a voxel‐based morphometric approach.ResultsOn the first day of abstinence, the global CSF volume was larger and the GM volume was smaller in alcohol‐dependent patients compared with healthy controls. The largest clusters with significant volumetric differences were in the cingulate gyrus, precentral and middle frontal gyrus, cerebellum, and insula. Already after 2 weeks of abstinence, a significant albeit partial recovery of GM volume occurred in several brain regions.ConclusionsOur results show that recovery of GM volume in alcohol‐dependent patients starts within a few days after detoxification but varies between brain regions. This suggests that the general ability to recover and the rate as well as onset of the recovery diverges for different brain regions.
Excess Mortality of Alcohol‐Dependent Individuals After 14 Years and Mortality Predictors Based on Treatment Participation and Severity of Alcohol Dependence
Authors: John Ulrich , Rumpf Hans‐Jürgen , Bischof Gallus , Hapke Ulfert , Hanke Monika , Meyer Christian 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundLittle is known about excess mortality and its predictors among alcohol‐dependent individuals in the general population. We sought to estimate excess mortality and to determine whether alcohol dependence treatment utilization, alcohol dependence severity, alcohol‐related problems, and self‐rated health may predict mortality over 14 years.MethodsA random sample of the general population between the ages of 18 and 64 in 1 region in Germany was drawn. Among 4,070 respondents with valid data, 153 alcohol‐dependent individuals were identified. For 149 of these 153, vital status information was provided 14 years later. Baseline data from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (German version M‐CIDI) included a diagnosis of alcohol dependence according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV) of the American Psychiatric Association, alcohol dependence treatment utilization, alcohol dependence severity based on the number of DSM‐IV alcohol dependence diagnostic criteria fulfilled and a symptom frequency questionnaire, alcohol‐related problems, self‐rated general health, cigarettes smoked per day, and the number of psychiatric disorders according to the DSM‐IV at baseline.ResultsAnnualized death rates were 4.6‐fold higher for women and 1.9‐fold higher for men compared to the age‐ and sex‐specific general population. Having participated in inpatient specialized alcohol dependence treatment was not related with longer survival than not having taken part in the treatment. Utilization of inpatient detoxification treatment predicted the hazard rate ratio of mortality (unadjusted: 4.2, 90% confidence interval 1.8 to 9.8). The severity of alcohol dependence was associated with the use of detoxification treatment. Alcohol‐related problems and poor self‐rated health predicted mortality.ConclusionsAccording to the high excess mortality, a particular focus should be placed on women. Inpatient specialized alcohol dependence treatment did not seem to have a sufficient protective effect against dying prematurely. Having been in detoxification treatment only, the severity of alcohol dependence, alcohol‐related problems, and self‐rated health may be predictors of time‐to‐death among this general population sample.
High acceptance rate of hybrid allogeneic–autologous umbilical cord blood banking among actual and potential Swiss donors
Authors: Wagner Anna‐Margaretha , Krenger Werner , Suter Eva , Ben Hassem Dorra , Surbek Daniel V. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundTwo competitive concepts of umbilical cord blood (UCB) banking are currently available: either allogeneic UCB is donated to a public bank or autologous cells are stored in a private bank. Allogeneic–autologous hybrid banking is a new concept that combines these two approaches. However, acceptance of hybrid UCB banking among potential donors is unknown to date.Study Design and MethodsIn a prospective survey, we aimed to establish the acceptance of the hybrid banking model among actual and potential UCB donors in Switzerland. The study groups consisted of parents and pregnant women with or without children. As control group, women at reproductive ages were investigated.ResultsThe majority of participants agreed fundamentally with UCB donation, and overall acceptance of private banking was 47%. If a possibility for hybrid banking were to be made available, 49% would opt for such a public–private model and only 13% would choose private banking alone. Among the proponents of hybrid banking, a majority of participants chose donor cell splitting over the sequential banking mode. Fifty‐six percent of responders wished prior notification before the release of their donated UCB to a foreign recipient.ConclusionsThis is the first study which compared the acceptance of allogeneic, autologous, and hybrid allogeneic–autologous UCB banking in different target groups. We demonstrated that hybrid cord blood banking is the preferred model of banking among actual and potential UCB donors. With increasing demand for UCB in the future, health care providers should therefore consider offering hybrid banking as a viable storage option.
Preserved functional and biochemical characteristics of platelet components prepared with amotosalen and ultraviolet A for pathogen inactivation
Authors: Hechler Béatrice , Ohlmann Philippe , Chafey Philippe , Ravanat Catherine , Eckly Anita , Maurer Eric , Mangin Pierre , Isola Hervé , Cazenave Jean‐Pierre , Gachet Christian 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundPlatelet concentrate (PC) functionality decreases during storage. This is referred to as the storage lesion. Pathogen inactivation may accelerate or induce lesions, potentially accounting for reduced viability. Our aim was to characterize functional and biochemical properties of platelets (PLTs) from photochemically treated buffy‐coat PCs (PCT‐PCs) compared to those from conventional PCs.Study Design and MethodsFour PCT‐PCs and four conventional PCs were stored for 6.5 days and PLT function and proteomic profiles were examined at various time points during storage. To evaluate their intrinsic properties, samples of stored PLTs were taken, washed, and suspended in Tyrode's buffer before testing.ResultsPLT counts and morphology were conserved although a slight increase in the PLT volume was observed after PCT. Glycoprotein (GP) IIbIIIa, IaIIa, and VI expression remained stable while GPIbα declined similarly in both types of PCs. A steep decrease (50%) in GPV occurred on Day 1.5 in PCT‐PCs and Day 2.5 in control PCs. For both PCT‐ and control PCs, P‐selectin expression and activated GPIIbIIIa remained low during storage. PCT‐ and control PCs were fully responsive to aggregation agonists up to Day 4.5 and exhibited similar perfusion functionality. Mitochondrial membrane potential and annexin A5 binding of PCT‐PCs and control PCs were comparable. Two‐dimensional differential in‐gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry profiles for 1882 protein spots revealed only three proteins selectively changed in PCT‐PCs compared to control‐PCs.ConclusionWashed treated and untreated PCs have similar functional, morphologic, and proteomic characteristics provided that PLTs are suspended in an appropriate medium during testing.
Plutino (15810) 1994 JR1, an accidental quasi-satellite of Pluto
Authors: de la Fuente Marcos C. , de la Fuente Marcos R. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In the Solar system, quasi-satellites move in a 1:1 mean motion resonance going around their host body like a retrograde satellite but their mutual separation is well beyond the Hill radius and the trajectory is not closed as they orbit the Sun, not the host body. Although they share the semi-major axis and the mean longitude of their host body, their eccentricity and inclination may be very different. So far, minor bodies temporarily trapped in the quasi-satellite dynamical state have been identified around Venus, the Earth, the dwarf planet (1) Ceres, the large asteroid (4) Vesta, Jupiter and Saturn. Using computer simulations, Tiscareno & Malhotra have predicted the existence of a small but significant population of minor bodies moving in a 1:1 mean motion resonance with Pluto. Here we show using N-body calculations that the plutino (15810) 1994 JR1 is currently an accidental quasi-satellite of Pluto and it will remain as such for nearly 350 000 years. By accidental we mean that the quasi-satellite phase is triggered (or terminated) not by a direct gravitational influence in the form of a discrete close encounter, but as a result of a resonance. The relative mean longitude of the plutino (15810) 1994 JR1 circulates with a superimposed libration resulting from the oscillation of the orbital period induced by the 2:3 mean motion resonance with Neptune. These quasi-satellite episodes are recurrent with a periodicity of nearly 2 Myr. This makes the plutino (15810) 1994 JR1 the first minor body moving in a 1:1 mean motion resonance with Pluto and the first quasi-satellite found in the trans-Neptunian region. It also makes Pluto the second dwarf planet, besides Ceres, to host a quasi-satellite. Our finding confirms that the quasi-satellite resonant phase is not restricted to small bodies orbiting major planets but is possible for dwarf planets/asteroids too. Moreover, the plutino (15810) 1994 JR1 could be considered as a possible secondary target for NASA's Pluto—Kuiper Belt Mission New Horizons after the main Pluto flyby in 2015. This opens the possibility of studying at first hand and for the first time a minor body in the quasi-satellite dynamical state.
Responsive regulation: A co‐author's appreciation
Authors: Ayres Ian 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this comment, I try to do three things: (i) set the record straight about the disproportionate contributions of my co‐author; (ii) briefly comment on the excellent articles byEtienne,Ford, andWesterman in this special issue; and (iii) describe how theResponsiveRegulationconcept of partial‐industry regulation might usefully be extended to tradable licenses and randomized regulation experiments.