bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Biofluids for Flunitrazepam and Metabolites by Electrospray Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: LeBeau MA , Montgomery MA , Wagner JR , Miller ML 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/MS) procedure has been developed for the analysis of biofluids containing flunitrazepam and its metabolites. Specimens were spiked with deuterated analogs of the analytes. Urine specimens were enzymatically hydrolyzed and blood specimens were untreated. Extractions were carried out using CleanScreen DAU SPE cartridges. The drugs were separated on a C18 column using a methanol-water-ammonium hydroxide (60:40:0.03 v/v) mobile phase. After determination of base peaks using full scan mass spectrometry, the mass spectrometry method was optimized to operate in selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode for the base peak of each analyte. Positive findings were confirmed by LC/MS/MS using the same mobile phase and column.
This analytical procedure allows for the detection of low levels of flunitrazepam and metabolites in biofluids. It is useful for ascertaining the role of flunitrazepam in cases of drug-facilitated sexual assault.
Parentage Testing on Blood Crusts from Firearms Projectiles by DNA Typing Settles an Insurance Fraud Case
Authors: Soares-Vieira JA , Billerbeck AEC , Iwamura ESM , Cardoso LA , Muñoz DR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We describe a case of a fraudulent insurance claim. The family of an adult white male (DLF) notified the police of their son's disappearance. After a few weeks, a corpse that presented characteristics similar to those of the DLF was found in advanced stages of decay and was identified by the family as being DLF. The family then filed a claim for the life insurance that DLF had taken out just before he disappeared. Suspicions were raised about the identification of the corpse, because it had been done only visually, and because the insurance policy had been taken out just prior to DLF's disappearance. The insurance company requested a postmortem examination for identification. As the corpse had been cremated immediately after identification by the family, the biological material that was encrusted on the two projectiles removed from the body was used for analysis. The blood crusts provided enough genomic DNA for us to carry out PCR base typing of HLA-DQA1, D1S80, HUMCSF1PO, HUMTPOX, HUMTH01, D3S1744, D12S1090, D18S849, and amelogenin. Results from all loci typing from the corpse presumed to be that of DLF were then compared with that of his alleged biological parents, revealing genetic incompatibility.
A Cause Célèbre: The So-Called “Ballpoint Murder”
Authors: Rompen JC , Meek MF , van Andel MV 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Transorbital intracranial injuries are uncommon but classic ophthalmologic traumas. This report describes a case of a woman who was found dead. Postmortem examination revealed a Bic® ballpoint which had penetrated her head through her right eye. Detective forces believed a murder to be the most likely cause; however, medical expert consultants indicated that a tragic accident was more likely. The case and the results of crossbow test-firing on human cadavers are presented.
Acute Cerebellar Hemorrhage in a Patient with Klinefelter Syndrome: XXY Karyotype Obtained Postmortem from Cells from Pericardial Fluid
Authors: Kominato Y , Fujikura T , Matsui K , Hata N , Takizawa H 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A case of Klinefelter syndrome and a spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhage in a 12-year-old boy is presented. Autopsy revealed that the hemorrhage was due to the rupture of a dilated artery in an arteriovenous malformation in the right cerebellar hemisphere. The small, undescended testes exhibited partial atrophy of the seminiferous tubules. Postmortem chromosome analysis of cells from the pericardial fluid demonstrated a 47, XXY karyotype. He had previous surgical treatment for bilateral thumb polydactyly and patent ductus arteriosus. In juvenile cases of sudden death with overlapping morphological dysgenesis, postmortem karyotyping may provide important diagnostic information.
Periadventitial Extracranial Vertebral Artery Hemorrhage in a Case of Shaken Baby Syndrome
Authors: Gleckman AM , Kessler SC , Smith TW 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We report a case of a two-month-old boy who became unresponsive in the sole custody of his father. Resuscitation efforts on route to the hospital were able to restore the infant's heart beat. However, neurologic function never recovered. Autopsy revealed massive cerebral edema, recent subdural, and subarachnoid hemorrhages, bilateral retinal hemorrhages, and cervical spine ligament hemorrhages. Separation of individual cervical vertebrae showed extensive, bilateral, periadventitial vertebral artery hemorrhages between C1 and C4, with corresponding luminal compression of the vertebral arteries. The importence of this previously unreported phenomena of periadventitial vertebral artery hemorrhage in the setting of shaken baby syndrome is discussed.
A Non-fatal Case of Intoxication with Foxglove, Documented by Means of Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lacassie E , Marquet P , Martin-Dupont S , Gaulier J-M , Lachâtre G 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The non-fatal self-poisoning of a 36-year-old female patient, who ingested a concoction of foxglove (Digitalis Purpurea), is presented. On the admission, initial symptoms were nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain, and cardiovascular shock with sinus bradycardia. Blood and urine were assayed for 17 cardiotonic hetorosides, using a highly specific LC-MS procedure. Serum and urine specimens were collected over five days and analyzed by liquid chromatography-electrospray-mass spectrometry (LC-ES-MS). This accurate procedure allowed the determination of the digitalis glycosides and their metabolites in serum and urine. The serum concentrations of digitalis glycosides were maximum on the first day (gitoxin 13.1 ng/mL, digitoxin 112.6 ng/mL, digitoxigenin 3.3 ng/mL, and digitoxigenin mono-digitoxoside 8.9 ng/mL) and decreased over five days. We observed a peak gitaloxin level (112.6 ng/mL) on the fifth day only. After administration of atropine as well as dimeticone, alginic acid, and metoclopramide, health status improved. The peak urine concentrations were reached at hour 30 and were respectively 91.3 and 69.9 ng/mL for gitaloxin and digitoxin, while those of digitoxigenin, digitoxigenin mono-digoxoside and gitoxin were lower (respectively 0.7, 1, and 5.6 ng/mL). The patient was discharged on the fifth day when there were no residual symptoms.
Review of Broken Bones, Anthropological Analysis of Blunt Force Trauma
Authors: Buikstra JE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This volume should grace the shelves of all forensic anthropology and bioarchaeology laboratories. It serves well its dual goals: 1) to provide an overview of the principles for interpreting blunt force trauma; and 2) to illustrate through case studies the significance of the individual in assessing skeletal trauma. While overall there are 16 collaborators, they are visible only as coauthors of the initial chapter and in the case studies which make up approximately 20% of the text. Galloway thus plays a major role both as editor and author (Chapter 1–7 and Case Study C).
Review of Understanding Mass Spectra: A Basic Approach
Authors: Allison J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
With more than 20 years of experience in the teaching of mass tral interpretation to chemists in the health, environmental, and forensic fields, R. Martin Smith has done an excellent job (with the help of Prof. Ken Busch as technical editor) with this introductory book on mass spectrometry (MS) and spectral interpretation. Rather than attempt to cover the entire field, he focuses on electron ionization (EI), instruments that use this ionization technique, and the spectra that result. In writing a book on EIIMS, it is very difficult to not be, in some way, derivative of Fred McLaffeity's Interpretation of Mass Spectra, historically the most important book in this field to date. Smith covers the basics, creates new “basics,” and offers a text that will be conlpetitive with the best. Understanding Mass Spectra contains chapters on “Isotopic Abundances,” “Ionization, Fragmentation and Electron Accounting,” “Neutral es and Ion Series,” “Alpha-Cleavage,” and “Important Mass tral Reairangements,” the key topics of this field. However, h's work also offers unique and important chapters such as riting Mass Spectral Fragmentation Mechanisms” and “Structure Determination in Complex Molecules Using Mass trometry.”
Review of Handbook of Chemical and Biological Warfare Agents
Authors: Carter DL 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Chemical and biological warfare (CBW) agents pose a serious at because of the physiological harm they may cause; the relative case of which they can be deployed; the diverse types and ces of CBW agents which exist; and the difficulty of identifying and classifying the agent (a factor aggravated by the large number of different agents that exist). This last point is particularly important when the CBW agent is encountered by a public safety or emergency services official who may be suspicious of a substance, but lacks the technical training to identify and safely handle the agent. To deal with these eventualities, this book is an invaluable resource which should be in the office of every emergency management official because of the potential of encountering these substances.
Review of Fingerprint Detection with Lasers, Second Edition
Authors: Cantu AA 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This revised and expanded edition of Dr. Menzel's 1980 book is lcome book for latent print examiners, forensic scientists, and scientists interested in the fascinating field of latent print visualization. It updates his previous book by including new and advanced optical imaging techniques that have emerged in the last 20 years. These include CCD cameras, near-infrared imagers, ultraviolet imagers, and acousto-optical tunable filters. It also treats new developments in latent print visualization that have occurred during this time such as the use of DFO, ninhydrin analogues, rare-earth chelates, 1,2-indanediones, multi-metal deposition method, and DMAC. Each chapter is well referenced.
Review of Techniques of Crime Scene Investigation, 6th edition
Authors: Payne DM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Changes from previous editions of this book are minimal and include brief treatments of data bases such as AFIS, CODIS, IBIS, DRUG FIRE, a list of important factors relative to providing rt testimony, a reasonable explanation of DNA testing processes, and a short section on the need for professional ethics. In the preface the author listed the O. J. Simpson case as a new topic, but only made reference to that case in the context of the impact of the investigation without any explanation.
Review of Practical Aspects of Rape Investigation: A Multidisciplinary Approach, 2nd ed.
Authors: Payne DM 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Overall, this text is a comprehensive treatment of the subject of rape investigation and provides a good view of relevant research on the topic. As such, it is an excellent choice for those involved in rape investigations. The first three chapters dealing with Public Beliefs, Police Attitudes and Beliefs, and Victims' Perspectives should be particularly useful to working investigators. The authors' treatment of victimology should assist the reader to identify conlinon myths, sterotypes, and confounding attitudes. Inclusion of this critical material in this book raises it above other investigative works and offers the potential to reduce subjectivity among investigators, which can provide direct effects on the efficacy of rape investigative methods. This is particularly so for the nonseasoned investigator.
Review of The Scientific Examination of Documents, Methods and Techniques, Second Edition
Authors: McKasson SC 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In the preface to this edition, the author points out that the object of the book is to provide an outline of the subject and that the intended audience is those interested individuals outside the field of document examination. Most books on document examination contain some disclaimer of this sort—that they are intended for lawyers or investigators who may have need for the services of a professional document examiner, and have more than a passing interest of what expertise in the field is comprised. In most texts, this is a sort of “cover story” strategy designed to serve one or more of the following purposes: to provide some protection to experienced document examiners (maybe especially the authors themselves) when a cross-examining attorney tries to use the book as an authority in the field or learned treatise; to prevent the naive from using the text as the sole training source; or perhaps to extend the longevity of the work since an overview would not tend to go out of date quite as fast as a treatise. Most authors then attempt to be a textbook reference for document examiners despite their claims to the contrary.
Review of Drugs and Death: Profiles of Illegal Drug Abuse
Authors: Logan BK 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
While the value and accessibility of a print book will never be letely matched, this volume undoubtedly represents the shape hings to come in educational publishing. This is a CD ROM based, narrated slide show, with text and photographs, regarding lethal effects of illicit drug groups comprised of inhalants, marijuana, cocaine and amphetamine, LSD and hallucinogens, and in. It is not highly technical, and according to the author, is directed towards school students, drug awareness programs, and th care personnel, as well as parents with at risk children who wish to learn more about drug abuse. It is clearly intended to highlight the seamier side of recreational dmg use, and the unpleasant and not infrequently lethal consequences. The information is quite graphic, and likely to be upsetting to some, however, the product carries an appropriate warning.
Review of Criminal Poisoning: Investigational Guide for Law Enforcement, Toxicologists, Forensic Scientists, and Attorneys
Authors: Logan BK 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Deaths by homicidal poisoning, which are recognized as such, titute a very small fraction of all poisoning deaths in the United States representing, according to this book, 14 poisonings per 10 000 homicides. The caveat however is critical, since as the author points out, murder by poisoning can be among the most difficult murders to identify. Of the cases discussed in this book, the vast majority involve the use of a classical poison, such as arsenic, cyanide, or strychnine, which makes them easier to identify. Poisoning using a drug which a decedent has been prescribed or has had access to, however, certainly cannot be distinguished from a voluntary ingestion on the basis of the toxicology laboratory result, and the only people who know whether the diug was willingly ingested by the victim, or administered by a poisoner, are usually these two actors, one of whom is invariably dead.
Richard Rosner Awards for the Best Papers by Fellows in Forensic Psychiatry or Forensic Psychology
Authors: Rosner R 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
February 1999 marked the tenth anniversary of the annual competition for the Best Paper by a Fellow in Forensic Psychiatry or Forensic Psychology. The purpose of the Award is both to encourage and reward research by Fellows in Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology. In recognition of its importance, the AAFS Psychiatry and Behavioral Science Section voted to name the award in honor of its originator.
Assessing the Risk of Recidivism in Physicians with Histories of Sexual Misconduct
Authors: Tillinghast E , Cournos F 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Physicians who engage in sexual conduct with patients usually cause serious harm and have a high rate of recidivism. Although offending physicians may lose their privilege to practice, they have the right to appeal for restoration of the license. Yet medical licensing board members do not currently have any clear standards by which to predict whether a given physician is likely to abuse again. Using New York as a paradigm, this paper offers practical, clinically based guidelines for assessing the risk of restoring an offending physician's license. These guidelines are derived from psychoanalytic theories of character, the insights of therapists who have worked with abusive physicians, and the psychiatric model of assessing dangerousness. Recognizing character patterns and psychological vulnerabilities of physicians with histories of sexual misconduct will help board members identify those who are at high risk of abusing again if their licenses are restored.
Elderly Sexual Offenders Admitted to a Maximum-Security Forensic Hospital
Authors: Rayel MG 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the clinical and demographic characteristics of elderly sexual offenders at a maximum-security forensic hospital. Charts of male elderly patients charged with sexual offenses were reviewed to obtain clinical and demographic data. The majority of sexual offenders had mood or psychotic disorders. Almost one third had a history of violent or assaultive behavior. 57% had significant medical history. A history of violence and sexual assaultive behavior may be risk factors for future sexual offenses.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Elderly Offenders at a Maximum-Security Forensic Hospital
Authors: Rayel MG 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to determine the clinical and demographic characteristics of the male elderly offenders admitted to a maximum-security forensic hospital. Charts of male elderly patients were reviewed to obtain clinical and demographic data. Seventy-seven percent of geriatric felons were involved in violent crime. 41% of which had psychotic symptoms. Forty-five percent of offenders with a history of head trauma/neurologic disorder were charged with violent offenses. Fifty-nine percent had previous psychiatric hospitalization. Most elderly male offenders involved in violent crimes had primary psychotic and mood disorders, cognitive impairment, and a history of head trauma/neurologic disorder. The small number of subjects precludes clear conclusions and needs further study.
The State of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Texas. Part I: Reported Data on 41,660 ECT Treatments in 5971 Patients
Authors: Scarano VR , Felthous AR , Early TS 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The Texas Legislature in 1993 mandated a quarterly reporting requirement for hospitals and physicians performing electronvulsive therapy (ECT) in the state (United States Government hospitals were excluded). The Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation (TDMHMR) was designated as the agency responsible for collecting and maintaining the data. This paper reviews the ECT data from 16 quarterly reports (09/01/93 through 08/31/97). The reports contained data on 41.660 ECT treatments in approximately 5971 patients. The results of this study support the proposition that ECT is an extremely safe and effective treatment for those individuals suffering from a serious mental illness. In Texas, ethnic groups other than non-Hispanic Anglo-Americans appear to be underserved in regards to ECT. Those patients without appropriate insurance or adequate personal funds are also underserved as a result of the few county and state hospitals performing ECT and the relatively small number of patients treated with ECT at those hospitals. Recommendations are suggested to improve the quality of the database and in informing the public as to the safety and efficacy of this valuable treatment modality.
What, at first, was seen as an unwarranted legislative foray into the practice of medicine, has, in the end, become a source of valuable data supporting the use of ECT as an important treatment modality.
The State of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Texas. Part 2: Contact with Physicians, Hospitals, Medical Liability Insurance Companies, and Manufacturers of Stimulus Generating Equipment
Authors: Scarano VR , Felthous AR , Early TS 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Since mid-1993, all ECT treatments performed in the state of Texas (except for United States government hospitals) must be reported every quarter to the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation (TXMHMR) on a data collection form provided by the Department. Part 1 of this paper reviewed that data.
This paper reviews the responses to questionnaires and contacts made with physicians, hospitals, medical liability insurance companies, and manufacturers of stimulus generating devices regarding their experience with ECT in Texas. Questionnaires were sent to physicians and hospitals that had not performed ECT during the final two quarters of the review period. Medical liability insurance companies and the manufacturers of the stimulus generating equipment used in ECT were contacted regarding their experience with liability claims. The results indicate that medical liability in regards to the performance of ECT is extremely low. Physicians and hospitals that stopped performing ECT did so for reasons other than medical liability.
Characteristics of Mentally Retarded Criminal Offenders in Northern Taiwan
Authors: Su KP , Yu J-M , Yang T-W , Tsai S-Y , Chen C-C 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The characteristics and criminal behavior in mentally retarded individuals remain largely unstudied. This retrospective study sought to establish a set of reference of criminal behavior characteristics in an ethnic Chinese mentally retarded group. Data were collected from forensic psychiatric evaluation of 32 mentally retarded offenders. Of the 32 offenders, only four (12.5%) cases were female. Mean age at the time of the offenses was 31. By IQ testing, 23 (71.9%) of the group fell into the mild mental retardation range, seven (21.9%) into the moderate mental retardation range, and two (6.2%) into the severe mental retardation range. Nineteen (59.3%) of the group also suffered from additional mental disorder. Eight (25%) had definite neurological deficit. Fourteen (43.8%) were repeat offenders. A total of 24 (75%) of the offenders had committed crimes against property, with 13 having committed petty theft. Furthermore, the pattern of offending shows differences from that of the general population or other mental disorders. The property offenses, especially petty theft and arson, were frequently seen. There was no noteworthy above average frequency of sexual offenses.
Detection of Sequence Variation in the HVII Region of the Human Mitochondrial Genome in 689 Individuals Using Immobilized Sequence-Specific Oligonucleotide Probes
Authors: Reynolds R , Walker K , Varlaro J , Allen M , Clark E , Alavaren M , Erlich H 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We have developed a rapid, immobilized probe-based assay for the detection of sequence variation in the hyper-variable segment II (HVII) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region. Using a panel of 17 sequence-specific oligonucleotide (SSO) probes immobilized on nylon membrane strips, we typed 689 individuals from four population groups. The genetic diversity value for each population was calculated from the frequency data, and the frequencies of distinct “mitotypes” in each group were determined. We performed DNA sequence analysis of 129 samples to characterize the sequences associated with “blanks” (absence of probe signals) and weak probe signals. Out of 689 samples, we observed five heteroplasmic samples (excluding the variable C-stretch beginning at position 303) using the immobilized SSO probe panel. The SSO probe strips were used for the analysis of shed hairs and bloodstains from several criminal cases in Sweden, one of which is described here. We conclude that this mtDNA typing system is useful for human identification and significantly decreases casework turnaround time.