bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnopolitics in a Mining Enterprise in Crisis: Revisiting the Albanian Miners’ Protests in Late Socialist Kosovo
Authors: Troch Pieter 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article presents a novel approach to explain ethnopolitical mobilization among Kosovo Albanian miners during the winter of 1988–1989. Based on a close reading of the mining enterprise’s journal, it identifies three factors accounting for the rising politicization of ethnicity in microlevel dynamics within the Trepça mining enterprise. First, the article points at ethnic grievances in intra-elite managerial tensions and miners’ unrest. It relates these to structural conditions generated by the shifting cultural divisions of labor in Kosovo mining. Second, the article looks at counter-mobilizational dynamics among Kosovo Albanian miners, which were directly provoked by Serbian ethnopolitical mobilization during Slobodan Milošević’s rise to power. In a final step, the article reconstructs socio-occupational realignments taking shape in the particular decision-making structures of the mining enterprise. Against a background of internal power struggles and reorganizations, the executive management and the miners found themselves on the defensive against party representatives and managerial competitors. Making use of the enterprise’s institutional setup, they established a strong ethnopolitical alliance, which culminated in the underground strike of February 1989. The article suggests that this approach can be valuable to study other cases of intersecting social and ethnopolitical mobilization.
Diagnosing Spring Onset Across the North American Arctic‐Boreal Region Using Complementary Satellite Environmental Data Records
Authors: Kim Youngwook , Kimball John S. , Parazoo Nicholas , Xu Xiaolan , Colliander Andreas , Reichle Rolf , Xiao Jingfeng , Li Xing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe timing and progression of the spring thaw transition in high northern latitudes (HNL) coincides with warmer temperatures and landscape thawing, promoting increased soil moisture and growing season onset of gross primary productivity (GPP), heterotrophic respiration (HR), and evapotranspiration (ET). However, the relative order and spatial pattern of these events is uncertain due to vast size and remoteness of the HNL. We utilized satellite environmental data records (EDRs) derived from complementary passive microwave and optical sensors to assess the progression of spring transition events across Alaska and Northern Canada from 2016 to 2020. Selected EDRs included land surface and soil freeze‐thaw status, solar‐induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) signifying canopy photosynthesis, root zone soil moisture (RZSM), and GPP, HR, and ET as indicators of ecosystem carbon and water‐energy fluxes. The EDR spring transition maps showed thawing as a precursor to rising RZSM and growing season onset. Thaw timing was closely associated with ecosystem activation from winter dormancy, including seasonal increases in SIF, GPP, and ET. The HR onset occurred closer to soil thawing and prior to GPP activation, reducing spring carbon (CO2) sink potential. The mean duration of the spring transition spanned ∼6 ± 1.5 weeks between initial and final onset events. Spring thaw timing and maximum RZSM were closely related to active layer thickness in HNL permafrost zones, with deeper active layers showing generally earlier thawing and greater RZSM. Our results confirm the utility of combined satellite EDRs for regional monitoring and better understanding of the complexity of the spring transition.
The involvement of the Stat1/Nrf2 pathway in exacerbating Crizotinib-induced liver injury: implications for ferroptosis
Authors: Guo Lin , Ma JiaTing , Xiao MingXuan , Liu JiaYi , Hu ZhiYu , Xia Shuang , Li Ning , Yang Yan , Gong Hui , Xi Yang , Fu Rao , Jiang Pei , Xia ChunGuang , Lauschke Volker M. , Yan Miao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCrizotinib carries an FDA hepatotoxicity warning, yet analysis of the FAERS database suggests that the severity of its hepatotoxicity risks, including progression to hepatitis and liver failure, might be underreported. However, the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood, and effective intervention strategies are lacking. Here, mRNA-sequencing analysis, along with KEGG and GO analyses, revealed that DEGs linked to Crizotinib-induced hepatotoxicity predominantly associate with the ferroptosis pathway which was identified as the principal mechanism behind Crizotinib-induced hepatocyte death. Furthermore, we found that ferroptosis inhibitors, namely Ferrostatin-1 and Deferoxamine mesylate, significantly reduced Crizotinib-induced hepatotoxicity and ferroptosis in both in vivo and in vitro settings. We have also discovered that overexpression of AAV8-mediated Nrf2 could mitigate Crizotinib-induced hepatotoxicity and ferroptosis in vivo by restoring the imbalance in glutathione metabolism, iron homeostasis, and lipid peroxidation. Additionally, both Stat1 deficiency and the Stat1 inhibitor NSC118218 were found to reduce Crizotinib-induced ferroptosis. Mechanistically, Crizotinib induces the phosphorylation of Stat1 at Ser727 but not Tyr701, promoting the transcriptional inhibition of Nrf2 expression after its entry into the nucleus to promote ferroptosis. Meanwhile, we found that MgIG and GA protected against hepatotoxicity to counteract ferroptosis without affecting or compromising the anti-cancer activity of Crizotinib, with a mechanism potentially related to the Stat1/Nrf2 pathway. Overall, our findings identify that the phosphorylation activation of Stat1 Ser727, rather than Tyr701, promotes ferroptosis through transcriptional inhibition of Nrf2, and highlight MgIG and GA as potential therapeutic approaches to enhance the safety of Crizotinib-based cancer therapy.
Comprehensive insights into phosphorus solubility and organic matter’s impact on black phosphate leaching
Authors: Khedr Houda A. , Ebraheem Mohamed O. , Zayed Ahmed M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe current study introduces groundbreaking insights into how organic matter (OM) of the black phosphate (RB-Ph) uniquely influences phosphorus (P) solubility during acetic acid (AA) leaching, expanding our understanding in this crucial area. To highlight such role, the OM of the RB-Ph was treated separately by different procedures including calcination at 550 ℃/4 h (CB-Ph), 30% hydrogen peroxide (HB-Ph) and intensive grinding to nano-sizes (NB-Ph). The mineralogical, chemical and morphological characteristics of phosphatic and non-phosphatic components of these phosphatic materials were carefully examined pre- and post-treatment via different techniques. The P dissolution of the precursor RB-Ph and its modified derivatives all over the applied experimental parameters traced the following trend: NB-Ph > RB-Ph > CB-Ph > HB-Ph. Intensive grinding to nanoscale resulted in amorphous components with conspicuous OM content (TOC, 0.410%), significantly enhanced P dissolution rate of NB-Ph (730–980 ppm), despite the noticeable reduction in its P2O5 content to 22.34 wt.%. The precursor RB-Ph, thanks to its high OM content (TOC, 0.543%), also displayed a sufficient P dissolution rate (470–750 ppm) compared to the two other modified derivatives, CB-Ph (410–700 ppm) and HB-Ph (130–610 ppm). Such deep and conspicuous impact of OM on P solubility can be tied to their decomposition, releasing not only organic acids but also the adsorbed P by the OM’s surficial binding sites to the solution. Finally, the optimum conditions of P leaching were attained at 2:1 acid/solid (w/w) ratio and 2 h of retention time of all investigated samples.
Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella isolated from vegetable farms fertilized with animal manure in Addis Ababa Ethiopia
Authors: Hailu Woinshet , Alemayehu Haile , Wolde Deneke , Hailu Lulit , Medhin Girmay , Rajashekara Gireesh , Gebreyes Wondwossen A. , Eguale Tadesse 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe resistance of foodborne pathogens to antimicrobial agents is a potential danger to human health. Hence, establishing the status of good agricultural practices (GAPs) and the antimicrobial susceptibility of major foodborne pathogens has a significant programmatic implication in planning interventions. The objective of this study was to assess the gap in attaining GAP and estimate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Salmonella in vegetable farms fertilized with animal manure in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A total of 81 vegetable farms from four sub-cities in Addis Ababa were visited, and 1119 samples were collected: soil (n = 271), manure (n = 375), vegetables (n = 398), and dairy cattle feces (n = 75). Additional data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Isolation of Salmonella was done using standard microbiology techniques and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using disk diffusion assays. Carriage for antimicrobial resistance genes was tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among the 81 vegetable farms visited, 24.7% used animal manure without any treatment, 27.2% used properly stored animal manure and 80.2% were easily accessible to animals. The prevalence of Salmonella was 2.3% at the sample level, 17.3% at the vegetable farm level, and 2.5% in vegetables. The highest rate of resistance was recorded for streptomycin, 80.7% (21 of 26), followed by kanamycin, 65.4% (17 of 26), and gentamicin, 61.5% (16 of 26). Multidrug resistance was detected in 61.5% of the Salmonella isolates. Vegetable farms have a gap in attaining GAPs, which could contribute to increased contamination and the transfer of antimicrobial resistance to the vegetables. The application of GAPs, including proper preparation of compost and the appropriate use of antimicrobials in veterinary practices, are recommended to reduce the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance.
Kick-starting the zygotic genome: licensors, specifiers, and beyond
Authors: Zou Zhuoning , Wang Qiuyan , Wu Xi , Schultz Richard M , Xie Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractZygotic genome activation (ZGA), the first transcription event following fertilization, kickstarts the embryonic program that takes over the control of early development from the maternal products. How ZGA occurs, especially in mammals, is poorly understood due to the limited amount of research materials. With the rapid development of single-cell and low-input technologies, remarkable progress made in the past decade has unveiled dramatic transitions of the epigenomes, transcriptomes, proteomes, and metabolomes associated with ZGA. Moreover, functional investigations are yielding insights into the key regulators of ZGA, among which two major classes of players are emerging: licensors and specifiers. Licensors would control the permission of transcription and its timing during ZGA. Accumulating evidence suggests that such licensors of ZGA include regulators of the transcription apparatus and nuclear gatekeepers. Specifiers would instruct the activation of specific genes during ZGA. These specifiers include key transcription factors present at this stage, often facilitated by epigenetic regulators. Based on data primarily from mammals but also results from other species, we discuss in this review how recent research sheds light on the molecular regulation of ZGA and its executors, including the licensors and specifiers.
An enhanced intracellular delivery platform based on a distant diphtheria toxin homolog that evades pre-existing antitoxin antibodies
Authors: Gill Shivneet K , Sugiman-Marangos Seiji N , Beilhartz Greg L , Mei Elizabeth , Taipale Mikko , Melnyk Roman A 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTargeted intracellular delivery of therapeutic proteins remains a significant unmet challenge in biotechnology. A promising approach is to leverage the intrinsic capabilities of bacterial toxins like diphtheria toxin (DT) to deliver a potent cytotoxic enzyme into cells with an associated membrane translocation moiety. Despite showing promising clinical efficacy, widespread deployment of DT-based therapeutics is complicated by the prevalence of pre-existing antibodies in the general population arising from childhood DT toxoid vaccinations, which impact the exposure, efficacy, and safety of these potent molecules. Here, we describe the discovery and characterization of a distant DT homolog from the ancient reptile pathogen Austwickia chelonae that we have dubbed chelona toxin (ACT). We show that ACT is comparable to DT structure and function in all respects except that it is not recognized by pre-existing anti-DT antibodies circulating in human sera. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ACT delivers heterologous therapeutic cargos into target cells more efficiently than DT. Our findings highlight ACT as a promising new chassis for building next-generation immunotoxins and targeted delivery platforms with improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties.
Spectral cleaving in solar type II radio bursts: Observations and interpretation
Authors: Koval Artem , Karlický Marian , Brazhenko Anatolii , Stanislavsky Aleksander , Frantsuzenko Anatolii , Vandas Marek , Konovalenko Aleksander , Bárta Miroslav , Bubnov Ihor , Miteva Rositsa , Yerin Serge 
Published: August 2024

Context. Shock waves in the solar corona are associated with solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Type II solar bursts are radio signatures of shock waves in the solar corona. They are driven by solar flares or CMEs. Despite extensive studies, the intricate spectral patterns observed in type II solar bursts occasionally pose new challenges for the theory of electron acceleration in shocks.
Aims. We study a newly identified feature in type II solar bursts called spectral cleaving. This feature is characterized by the actual branching of a type II radio emission lane in radio spectral data.
Methods. We analyzed the type II burst exhibiting spectral cleaving in high-fidelity dynamic spectra obtained using the URAN-2 radio telescope (8.25–33 MHz; Poltava region, Ukraine) on 2011 February 14. The high-resolution spectrograms were examined to ascertain its spectral morphology.
Results. Our research represents the first recognition of spectral cleaving as a peculiarity of type II bursts that is yet to be classified. This effect occurs due to the shift (or migration) of radio source(s) along a shock front, which in turn is caused by changes in the magnetic field orientation ahead of the propagating shock front.
Conclusions. The spectral cleaving observed in solar type II bursts reveals a distinct phenomenon that indicates complex interactions between shock waves and magnetic fields in the solar corona. This discovery enhances our understanding of the mechanisms behind solar radio emissions and emphasizes the need for further observational studies to verify these findings.
Thyroid Hormone and Diabetes Mellitus Interplay: Making Management of
Comorbid Disorders Complicated
Authors: Chauhan Ayush , Patel Snehal S 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInsulin and thyroid hormones play important roles in our body. Insulin helps
regulate the glucose level while the thyroid hormones affect various cells and
tissues, metabolizing protein, lipids, and glucose. Hyperthyroidism and
thyrotoxicosis are potential hazards for type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a
high prevalence of hypothyroidism being more common compared to hyperthyroidism
coexisting with diabetes mellitus. Thyroid hormones affect glucose metabolism
through its action on peripheral tissues (gastrointestinal tract, liver,
skeletal muscles, adipose tissue, and pancreas). High-level thyroid hormone
causes hyperglycemia, upregulation of glucose transport, and reduction in
glycogen storage. The reverse is observed during low levels of thyroid hormone
along with insulin clearance. The net result of thyroid disorder is insulin
resistance. Type 2 diabetes mellitus can downsize the regulation of thyroid
stimulating hormones and impair the conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine
in peripheral tissues. Furthermore, poorly managed type 2 diabetes mellitus may
result in insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, contributing to the
proliferation of thyroid tissue and an increase in nodule formation and goiter
size. Although metformin proves advantageous for both type 2 diabetes mellitus
and thyroid disorder patients, other antidiabetics like sulfonylureas,
pioglitazone, and thiazolidinediones may have adverse effects on thyroid
disorders. Moreover, antithyroid drugs such as methimazole can weaken glycemic
control in individuals with diabetes. Thus, an interplay between both
endocrinopathies is observed and individualized care and management of the
disorder needs to be facilitated.
The Influence of Adolescent Physical Activity on Bone Mineral Density
among Adult Runners
Authors: Ikegami Nodoka , Hatsukari Akiko , Kamikubo Toshinao , Yamamoto Ryota , Tsutsui Toshiharu , Torii Suguru 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the influence of sport type and training volume
during adolescence on low bone mineral density (BMD) in long-distance runners.
In total, 125 competitive long-distance runners (64 males; 21.3±4.2 years, 61
females; 21.4±3.1 years) participated in this retrospective cohort study. We
collected training history data during adolescence using a questionnaire and
measured BMD of the lumbar spine and whole body using dual-energy X-ray
absorptiometry (DXA). Male runners with low BMD ran for more hours (p=0.02) and
had a smaller proportion of multidirectional loading activity (p=0.03) in
elementary school than those with normal BMD. Although female runners with low
BMD performed multidirectional activity for more hours in middle school than
those with normal BMD (p=0.01), running volume was similar between groups. There
was an increasing trend in the total number of hours of physical activity in
middle school in female runners with low BMD (p=0.05). These results suggest
that avoiding specialization in long-distance running, increasing the proportion
of multidirectional sports, and preventing overload during the bone growth phase
may reduce the risk of low BMD among runners.
Recent Trends in Triarylborane Chemistry: Diversification of Structures and Reactivity via meta-Substitution of the Aryl Groups
Authors: Hoshimoto Yoichi , Sakuraba Mahiro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis Short Review summarizes the synthesis and applications of triarylboranes (BAr3), including both homoleptic and heteroleptic species, with a focus on the modification of their electronic and structural properties via the introduction of meta-substituents with respect to the B atoms to their Ar groups. This approach constitutes a complementary alternative to conventional strategies for the design of BAr3, which are usually based on a modification of their ortho- and/or para-substituents. An initial analysis revealed that CH3 and F are the most common meta-substituents in hitherto reported BAr3 (apart from the H atom). Thus, an extensive exploration of other substituents, e.g., heavier halogens, longer or functionalized alkyl groups, and aryl groups, will increase our knowledge of the structure and reactivity of BAr3 and eventually lead to a range of new applications.1	Introduction2	Scope of this Review2.1	The Electronic and Steric Influence of meta-Substituents2.2	Molecular Transformations Mediated by meta-Substituted Boranes2.3	Other Examples of meta-Functionalization of BAr3
3	Conclusions and Perspectives
Genicular Artery Embolization: Embolic Material and Imaging Review
Authors: Rouzbahani Maedeh , Husnain Ali , Badar Wali , Ahmed Osman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a degenerative condition impacting numerous individuals globally. Genicular artery embolization (GAE) has emerged as an effective minimally invasive therapy for managing medically refractory OA-related pain in patients who are not eligible for surgery. This intervention works by disrupting the inflammatory and neoangiogenic pathways that contribute to pain. The efficacy of GAE has been demonstrated in various clinical trials, yielding promising results. This review aims to explore recent advancements in the embolic materials used during GAE, examining their properties and potential benefits. Additionally, it will describe the use of pre-, intra-, and postprocedural imaging—particularly magnetic resonance imaging and other modalities—to optimize GAE outcomes.
Atlas for Cholangioscopy and Cholecystoscopy: A Primer for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Endoscopy in the Biliary Tree and Gallbladder
Authors: Husnain Ali , Aadam Aziz , Borhani Amir , Riaz Ahsun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPercutaneous endoscopy of the biliary system (cholangioscopy) and gallbladder (cholecystoscopy) has significantly impacted diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to many diseases in interventional radiology, overcoming previous challenges related to scope size and rigidity. The current endoscopes offer enhanced maneuverability within narrow tubular structures such as bile ducts. Before endoscopy, reliance on 2D imaging modalities limited real-time visualization during percutaneous procedures. Percutaneous endoscopy provides 3D perspectives, enabling a better appreciation of normal structures, targeted biopsy of lesions, and accurate deployment of therapeutic interventions. This review aims to explore percutaneous endoscopic findings across various biliary and gallbladder pathologies.
Ultra-low density and high performance InAs quantum dot single photon emitters
Authors: Shang C. , De Gregorio M. , Buchinger Q. , Meinecke M. , Gschwandtner P. , Pfenning A. , Huber-Loyola T. , Hoefling S. , Bowers J. E. 
Published: August 2024

We report the development of high quality InAs quantum dots with an ultra-low density of 2 × 107 cm−2 on (001) GaAs substrates. A significant reduction in the emission wavelength inhomogeneity has been observed. A representative dot has been characterized under cryogenic temperatures, demonstrating a close-to-ideal antibunching of both the exciton and biexciton emissions with a fitted g(2)(0) = 0.008 and 0.059, respectively.
Electron cyclotron emission calibration with Thomson scattering using a wide scan of toroidal magnetic field of KSTAR
Authors: Lee K. D. , Lee J. H. , Nam Y. U. , Pyo S. 
Published: August 2024

The Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) tokamak is capable of operating at a wide range of toroidal magnetic fields up to 3.5 T at the major radius. The electron cyclotron emission (ECE) diagnostic on KSTAR is required to cover a broad frequency range for electron temperature profile measurements in both the low and high field sides. To meet these broadband requirements, the ECE system consists of W-band (78–110 GHz) and D-band (110–162 GHz) heterodyne radiometers. The two radiometers are connected to 28 and 48 detection channels, respectively. However, since the absolute ECE calibration based on the hot–cold calibration has been very challenging, an alternative method of calibration was performed using Thomson scattering measurements and varying toroidal magnetic fields. As the toroidal magnetic field is scanned from 1.6 to 3.2 T in steps of 0.2 T, most of the 76 ECE channels are calibrated relatively by the electron temperature values of Thomson scattering in a narrow region (0.2 &lt; r/a &lt;0.6). In this article, the methodological details of the ECE calibration are described. In addition, to demonstrate the robustness of the ECE calibration factors, the calibrated electron temperature profiles from ECE measurements are compared with the ion temperature profiles in terms of the plasma position as the plasma positon shifts outward.