bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low postoperative dietary intake is associated with worse functional course in geriatric patients up to 6 months after hip fracture
Authors: Goisser Sabine , Schrader Eva , Singler Katrin , Bertsch Thomas , Gefeller Olaf , Biber Roland , Bail Hermann-Josef , Sieber Cornel C. , Volkert Dorothee 
Published: May 2015

We examined the relationship between postoperative dietary intake (DI) of geriatric hip fracture (HF) patients and their functional and clinical course until 6 months after hospital discharge. In eighty-eight HF patients ≥ 75 years, postoperative DI was estimated with plate diagrams of main meals over four postoperative days. DI was stratified as >50, >25–50, ≤ 25 % of meals served. Functional status according to Barthel index (activities of daily living) and patients' mobility level before fracture, postoperatively, at discharge and 6 months later were assessed and related to DI levels. In-hospital complications were recorded according to clinical diagnosis. Associations were evaluated using χ2and Kruskal–Wallis tests, and repeated-measures ANOVA and ANCOVA. Postoperatively, 28 % of participants ate >50 %, 43 % ate >25–50 % and 28 % ≤ 25 % of meals served. Irrespective of pre-fracture functional status, patients with DI ≤ 25 % had significantly lower Barthel index scores at all times after surgery (allP< 0·05) and ANOVA revealed a significant time × DI interaction effect (P= 0·047) on development of Barthel index scores that remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders. Patients with DI >50 % more often had regained their pre-fracture mobility level than those with DI ≤ 25 % at discharge (>50 %: 36 %; >25–50 %: 10 %; ≤ 25 %: 0 %;P= 0·001) and 6 months after discharge (88; 87; 68 %;P= 0·087) and had significantly less complications (median 2 (25th–75th percentile 1–3); 3 (25th–75th percentile 2–4); 3 (25th–75th percentile 3–4);P= 0·012). To conclude, geriatric HF patients had very low postoperative voluntary DI and thus need specific nutritional interventions to achieve adequate DI to support functional and clinical recovery.
Favourable effects of grape seed extract on intestinal epithelial differentiation and barrier function in IL10-deficient mice
Authors: Yang Guan , Xue Yansong , Zhang Hanying , Du Min , Zhu Mei-Jun 
Published: May 2015

The impairment in the rate of cell proliferation and differentiation leads to a negative consequence on the renewal of the intestinal epithelium, which is the aetiological factor of a number of digestive diseases. Grape seed extract (GSE), a rich source of proanthocyanidins, is known for its beneficial health effects. The present study evaluated the beneficial effects of GSE on colonic cell differentiation and barrier function in IL10-deficient mice. Female mice aged 6 weeks were randomised into two groups and given drinking-water containing 0 or 0·1 % GSE (w/v) for 12 weeks. GSE supplementation decreased serum TNF-α level and intestinal permeability, and increased the colonic goblet cell density that was associated with increased mRNA expression of mucin (Muc)-2. Immunohistochemical analyses showed lower accumulation of β-catenin in the crypts of colon tissues of the GSE-supplemented mice, which was associated with a decreased mRNA expression of two downstream effectors of Wingless and Int (Wnt)/catenin signalling, myelocytomatosis oncogene protein (Myc) and cyclin D1 (Ccnd1). Consistently, GSE supplementation decreased the number of colonic proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells, a well-known cell proliferation marker, and a weakened extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) signalling. In summary, these data indicate that supplementation of 0·1 % GSE for 12 weeks improved gut barrier function and colonic cell differentiation in the IL10-deficient mice probably via inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Urinary enterolactone associated with liver enzyme levels in US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)
Authors: Xu Cheng , Liu Qian , Zhang Qunwei , Jiang Zhao-Yan , Gu Aihua 
Published: May 2015

Phyto-oestrogens are a family of plant-derived xeno-oestrogens that appear to have beneficial effects on human health. To date, no data are available about phyto-oestrogen consumption affecting liver health in a population. The present study aimed to explore the relationship of urinary phyto-oestrogen metabolites with serum liver enzymes in US adults. A nationally representative sample of US adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–10 was analysed. The cross-sectional study sample consisted of 6438 adults with data on urinary phyto-oestrogen levels, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ-glutamyl transaminase (GGT) concentrations and data on other potential confounders. Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression were applied to assess associations between urinary phyto-oestrogen levels and ALT, AST, ALP and GGT concentrations. We found a remarkable association between urinary enterolactone and GGT in both adult males (OR 0·37, 95 % CI 0·22, 0·61;P= 0·003) and females (OR 0·37, 95 % CI 0·26, 0·54;P= 0·009). Moreover, elevated enterolactone levels were inversely associated with ALT and AST levels in adult males. However, no association was present between levels of urinary daidzein,O-desmethylangolensin, equol, enterodiol or genistein with liver enzyme levels in this population. The present study results provide epidemiological evidence that urinary enterolactone levels are associated with liver GGT levels in humans. This suggests a potential protective effect of enterolactone on human liver function. However, the underlying mechanisms still need further investigation.
A NOTE ON OVID,HEROIDES13.63–4
Authors: Kokoszkiewicz Konrad 
Published: May 2015

In her epistle to Protesilaus, Laodamia expresses her fears concerning Hector, the chief Trojan hero:Hectora nescio quem timeo: Paris Hectora dixitferrea sanguinea bella mouere manu.Hectora, quisquis is est, si sum tibi cara, caueto; (65)signatum memori pectore nomen habe!hunc ubi uitaris, alios uitare mementoet multos illic Hectoras esse puta.
Questioning a widespread euxinia for the Furongian (Late Cambrian) SPICE event: indications from δ13C, δ18O, δ34S and biostratigraphic constraints
Authors: WOTTE THOMAS , STRAUSS HARALD 
Published: May 2015

AbstractResults from a high-resolution study of δ13Ccarb, δ18Ocarb, δ34SCAS, δ34SCRSand elemental concentrations (Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn and Sr) in the Furongian Kyrshabakty section, southern Kazakhstan, are reported here. The investigated interval covers the Drumian to Jiangshanian stages of the Cambrian Period, respectively the regionalPtychagnostus atavustoIvshinagnostus ivshini-Irvingella majortrilobite zones. δ13Ccarbdata include the Steptoean positive carbon isotope excursion (SPICE) with a local peak value of +5‰. The onset of SPICE corresponds to theKormagnostus simplex–Glyptagnostus stolidotuszones and pre-dates the base of the Paibian Stage/Furongian Series. δ34SCASdata already increase during theLejopyge armatabiozone culminating in three positive excursions prior and after the SPICE maximum. Differences in onset, peak values and shape of the δ13Ccarband/or δ34SCASexcursions at Kyrshabakty, but also in almost all sections characterized by the SPICE, are pointing towards Furongian seawater that was low in sulphate concentration and heterogeneous in its carbonate carbon and sulphate sulphur isotopic composition. The occurrence of benthic faunal elements in almost all SPICE-related sections strongly supports oxygenated conditions at the seafloor, therefore excluding widespread anoxia or euxinia. Regional anoxic conditions are most probable. A positive δ18Ocarbexcursion parallel to the SPICE could probably be explained by a decline in seawater pH associated with a sea-level rise. Again, no euxinic conditions would be mandatory for explaining the SPICE event.
Do Terrorists Win? Rebels' Use of Terrorism and Civil War Outcomes
Authors: Fortna Virginia Page 
Published: May 2015

AbstractHow effective is terrorism? This question has generated lively scholarly debate and is of obvious importance to policy-makers. However, most existing studies of terrorism are not well equipped to answer this question because they lack an appropriate comparison. This article compares the outcomes of civil wars to assess whether rebel groups that use terrorism fare better than those who eschew this tactic. I evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of terrorism relative to other tactics used in civil war. Because terrorism is not a tactic employed at random, I first briefly explore empirically which groups use terrorism. Controlling for factors that may affect both the use of terrorism and war outcomes, I find that although civil wars involving terrorism last longer than other wars, terrorist rebel groups are generally less likely to achieve their larger political objectives than are nonterrorist groups. Terrorism may be less ineffective against democracies, but even in this context, terrorists do not win.
Regional sanctions against Burundi: the regime's argumentative self-entrapment
Authors: Grauvogel Julia 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the impact of regional sanctions on the trajectory of the Burundian regime following the 1996 coup. Despite the country's socioeconomic and geopolitical vulnerability, the Buyoya government initially withstood the pressure from sanctions. Through a vocal campaign against these measures, the new government mitigated the embargo's economic consequences and partially re-established its international reputation. Paradoxically, this campaign planted the seed for long-term comprehensive political concessions. While previous literature has attributed the embargo's success to its economic impact, the government actually responded to the sanction senders' key demand to engage in unconditional, inclusive peace talks once the economy had already started to recover. Based on a novel framework for studying the signalling dimension of sanctions, I show how the regime's anti-sanctions campaign, with its emphasis on the government's willingness to engage in peace talks, backfired, with Buyoya forced to negotiate after having become entrapped in his own rhetoric.
More bark than bite? The role of livestock guarding dogs in predator control on Namibian farmlands
Authors: Potgieter Gail C. , Kerley Graham I. H. , Marker Laurie L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe conflict between predators and livestock farmers is a threat to carnivore conservation. Livestock guarding dogs are promoted as a non-lethal, environmentally friendly method to mitigate this conflict. As part of a farmer–carnivore conflict mitigation programme, the Cheetah Conservation Fund breeds Anatolian shepherd (also known as Kangal) dogs to protect livestock from predators. During 2009–2010 we interviewed 53 commercial and 20 subsistence Namibian farmers that are using 83 such dogs. Fewer commercial and subsistence farmers reported livestock losses to predators during the most recent year of guarding-dog use compared to the year before dogs were introduced. All subsistence farmers, but not all commercial farmers, ceased killing predators during the most recent year of guarding-dog use. All farmers ceased killing cheetah Acinonyx jubatus and leopard Panthera pardus during this year, and one dog killed a single cheetah. Conversely, dogs and farmers killed more black-backed jackals Canis mesomelas between them in the survey year than the farmers reported killing in the year before acquiring dogs. Two of the dogs reportedly killed non-target carnivore species, and 15 killed prey species. Thus our results challenge the categorization of livestock guarding dogs as a non-lethal conflict mitigation method. We suggest that the conservation status and body size of wild carnivores relative to the size of the guarding dogs be considered before introducing dogs to protect livestock. Additionally, corrective training for dogs that chase or kill non-target species should be implemented, especially where farmers value these species or where non-target species are threatened.
Fasciola hepaticafrom naturally infected sheep and cattle in Great Britain are diploid
Authors: BEESLEY N. J. , CWIKLINSKI K. , WILLIAMS D. J. L. , HODGKINSON J. 
Published: May 2015

SUMMARYDiploid (2n= 2x= 20) and triploid (2n= 3x= 30)Fasciola hepaticahave been reported in the UK, and in Asia diploid, triploid and mixoploid (2x/3x)Fasciolaspp. exist but there is little information to indicate how common triploidy is, particularly in UK fluke. Here the ploidy of 565 adultF. hepaticafrom 66 naturally infected British sheep and 150 adultF. hepaticafrom 35 naturally infected British cattle was determined. All 715 of these parasites were diploid, based on observation of 10 bivalent chromosomes and sperm (n= 335) or, since triploids are aspermic, sperm alone (n= 380). This constitutes the first extensive analysis of the ploidy ofF. hepaticafield isolates from Great Britain and shows that mostF. hepaticaisolated from cattle and sheep are diploid and have the capacity to sexually reproduce. These data suggest that triploidy, and by extension parthenogenesis, is rare or non-existent in wild BritishF. hepaticapopulations. Given thatF. hepaticais the only species ofFasciolapresent in Britain our results indicate that the parasite is predominantly diploid in areas whereF. hepaticaexists in isolation and suggests that triploidy may only originate in natural populations where co-infection ofF. hepaticaand its sister speciesFasciola giganticacommonly occurs.
Simulation of proton radiography terminal at the Institute of Modern Physics
Authors: Yan Yan , Sheng Lina , Huang Zhiwu , Wang Jie , Yao Zeen , Wang Junrun , Wei Zheng , Yang Jiancheng , Yuan Youjin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractProton radiography is used for advanced hydrotesting as a new type radiography technology due to its powerful penetration capability and high detection efficiency. A new proton radiography terminal will be developed to radiograph static samples at the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Science. The proton beam with the maximum energy of 2.6 GeV will be produced by Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou-Cooling Storage Ring. The proton radiography terminal consists of the matching magnetic lens and the Zumbro lens system. In this paper, the design scheme and all optic parameters of this beam terminal for 2.6 GeV proton energy are presented by simulating the beam optics using WINAGILE code. My-BOC code is used to test the particle tracking of proton radiography beam line. Geant4 and G4beamline codes are used for simulating the proton radiography system. The results show that the transmission efficiency of proton without target is 100%, and the effect of secondary particles can be neglected. To test this proton radiography system, the proton images for an aluminum plate sample with two rectangular orifices and a step brass plate sample are respectively simulated using Geant4 code. The results show that the best spatial resolution is about 36 μm, and the differences of the thickness are not >10%.
EFFICACY OF CARPENTIER-EDWARDS PERICARDIAL PROSTHESES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Magliano Carlos Alberto S. , Saraiva Roberto M. , Azevedo Vitor Manuel P. , Innocenzi Adriana M. , Tura Bernardo R. , Santos Marisa 
Published: May 2015

Objectives: The Carpentier-Edwards pericardial (CEP) prostheses are the type of bioprostheses most used worldwide. Although they were designed to minimize the rate of valve deterioration and reoperation, their clinical superiority over other prostheses models still lacks confirmation. The objective of this study was to evaluate its effectiveness.Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Lilacs databases. Operative mortality, overall mortality and reoperation rates after heart valve surgery were compared between the use of CEP and other cardiac prostheses. Two independent reviewers screened studies for inclusion and extracted the data. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. The GRADE criterion was used to assess the evidence quality.Results: A total of twenty-eight studies were selected, including 19,615 individuals. The studies presented a high heterogeneity and low quality of evidence what limited the reliability of the results. The pooled data from the selected studies did not demonstrate significant differences between CEP and porcine, pericardial or stentless prostheses regarding operative mortality, overall mortality and reoperation rates. However, the pooled data from 3 observational trials pointed out a higher risk for reoperation after valve replacement using CEP prostheses against mechanical prostheses (OR 4.92 [95 percent confidence interval 2.43–9.96]).Conclusions: The current data present in the literature still does not support a clinical advantage for the use of CEP prostheses over other bioprostheses. The quality of the studies in the literature is limited and further studies are needed to address if CEP prostheses will have a clinical advantage over other prostheses.
Variation in serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) short/long genotype modulates resting frontal electroencephalography asymmetries in children
Authors: Christou Antonios I. , Endo Satoshi , Wallis Yvonne , Bair Hayley , Zeegers Maurice P. , McCleery Joseph P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractPrevious studies have documented the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) as a genetic susceptibility variant that contributes to variability in outcomes related to affective psychopathology, with the short allele associated with negative affectivity and the long allele associated with positive affectivity. In a separate but related line of research, extensive evidence suggests that frontal electroencephalography (EEG) hemispheric asymmetry in the alpha band is also associated with risk for affective psychopathologies, with leftward asymmetry associated with approach-related behavior patterns and rightward frontal EEG asymmetry associated with withdrawn behavioral tendencies. We examined frontal EEG hemispheric asymmetries in relation to5-HTTLPRgenotyping in 70 children between 4 and 6 years of age. Analyses revealed that frontal EEG lateralization interacted with genotype such that children homozygous for the short allele exhibited rightward frontal EEG asymmetries, children who were homozygous for the long allele consistently exhibited a positive pattern of leftward asymmetry, and heterozygotes exhibited equivalent left and right frontal activity. These findings suggest that the5-HTTLPRshort allele may provide a degree of susceptibility for later affective psychopathology in adolescence and adulthood, through mediation of frontal brain activity that is associated with cognitive–behavioral withdrawal tendencies and negative affectivity.
Indexed containers
Authors: ALTENKIRCH THORSTEN , GHANI NEIL , HANCOCK PETER , MCBRIDE CONOR , MORRIS PETER 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe show that the syntactically rich notion of strictly positive families can be reduced to a core type theory with a fixed number of type constructors exploiting the novel notion of indexed containers. As a result, we show indexed containers provide normal forms for strictly positive families in much the same way that containers provide normal forms for strictly positive types. Interestingly, this step from containers to indexed containers is achieved without having to extend the core type theory. Most of the construction presented here has been formalized using the Agda system.
Adherence to complementary feeding recommendations for infants and implications for public health
Authors: Fegan Suzanne , Bassett Emma , Peng Yingwei , Steel O’Connor Kathleen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe current study investigates (i) the extent to which breast-feeding and non-breast-feeding mothers follow the Canadian Nutrition for Healthy Term Infants (NHTI) recommendations; (ii) the first complementary foods given and the differences by breast-feeding status; (iii) whether any breast-feeding is associated with earlier introduction to complementary foods relative to non-breast-feeding, after controlling for potentially confounding factors; and (iv) the need for improvements in timing and resources of interventions by examining breast-feeding rates over time and information sources used by mothers.DesignLongitudinal data from the Kingston, Frontenac, and Lennox & Addington (KFL&A) Infant Feeding Survey were used. Mothers completed a survey at the end of their hospital stay and were interviewed by telephone at 2, 4, 6 and 12 months thereafter.SettingThe study took place in the KFL&A region of Ontario, Canada.SubjectsThe sample consisted of 325 mothers who gave birth to a live infant of at least 36 weeks’ gestation and a birth weight of at least 1500 g at Kingston General Hospital between January and July of 2008.ResultsFour in five mothers introduced complementary foods prior to 6 months. Mothers not breast-feeding at 6 months introduced water, juice, infant cereals, fruit and vegetables, and foods not recommended by Canada’s Food Guide sooner than breast-feeding mothers. Breast-feeding mothers were more likely to introduce milks appropriately, but had low adherence to giving their infants vitamin D supplements.ConclusionsTo support adherence to NHTI recommendations, interventions should be conducted during early infancy and deliver consistent, evidence-based recommendations.
Lunch frequency among adolescents: associations with sociodemographic factors and school characteristics
Authors: Pedersen Trine Pagh , Holstein Bjørn E , Krølner Rikke , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Jørgensen Thea Suldrup , Aarestrup Anne Kristine , Utter Jennifer , McNaughton Sarah A , Neumark-Stzainer Dianne , Rasmussen Mette 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate: (i) how lunch frequency of adolescents varies between schools and between classes within schools; (ii) the associations between frequency of lunch and individual sociodemographic factors and school characteristics; and (iii) if any observed associations between lunch frequency and school characteristics vary by gender and age groups.DesignCross-sectional study in which students and school headmasters completed self-administered questionnaires. Associations were estimated by multilevel multivariate logistic regression.SettingThe Danish arm of the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study 2010.SubjectsStudents (n 4922) aged 11, 13 and 15 years attending a random sample of seventy-three schools.ResultsThe school-level and class-level variations in low lunch frequency were small (intraclass correlation coefficient <2·1 %). At the individual level, low lunch frequency was most common among students who were boys, 13- and 15-year-olds, from medium and low family social class, descendants of immigrants, living in a single-parent family and in a reconstructed family. School-level analyses suggested that having access to a canteen at school was associated with low lunch frequency (OR=1·47; 95% CI 1·14, 1·89). Likewise not having an adult present during lunch breaks was associated with low lunch frequency (OR=1·44; 95% CI 1·18, 1·75). Cross-level interactions suggested that these associations differed by age group.ConclusionsLunch frequency among Danish students appears to be largely influenced by sociodemographic factors. Additionally, the presence of an adult during lunch breaks promotes frequent lunch consumption while availability of a canteen may discourage frequent lunch consumption. These findings vary between older and younger students.