bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factorial design of essential oil extraction from Fagraea fragrans Roxb. flowers and evaluation of its biological activities for perfumery and cosmetic applications
Authors: Yingngam B. , Brantner A. H. 
Published: December 2014

SynopsisObjectiveTo optimize the extraction yields of essential oil from Fagraea fragrans Roxb. flowers in hydro‐distillation using a central composite design (CCD) and to evaluate its biological activities for perfumery and cosmetic applications.MethodsCentral composite design was applied to study the influences of operational parameters [water to flower weight (X1) and distillation time (X2)] on the yields of essential oil (Y). Chemical compositions of the essential oil extracted from the optimized condition were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activities of the essential oil were determined against ABTS•+ and DPPH• radicals, and the cytotoxic effects were assessed on human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells by the use of the MTT assay. Also, the aromatic properties of the essential oil were evaluated by five healthy trained volunteers.ResultsThe best conditions to obtain the maximum essential oil yield were 7.5 mL g−1 (X1) and 215 min (X2). The experimental yield of the essential oil (0.35 ± 0.02% v/w) was close to the value predicted by a mathematical model (0.35 ± 0.01% v/w). 3‐Octadecyne, Z,Z,Z‐7,10,13‐hexadecatrienal, E‐nerolidol, pentadecanal and linalool were the major constituents of the essential oil. The essential oil showed moderate antioxidant capacities with no toxic effects on HEK293 cells at 1–250 μg mL−1. Also, the essential oil exhibited a very strong aroma and was classified to be top‐ to middle‐notes.ConclusionThe results offer the effectively operational conditions in the extraction of essential oil from F. fragrans using hydro‐distillation. The essential oil could be used as a natural fragrance, having antioxidant activity with slight cytotoxicity, for perfumery and cosmetic applications.
Cyclic Electrical Energy Harvesting Using Mechanical Confinement in Ferroelectric Ceramics
Authors: Vats Gaurav , Patel Satyanarayan , Chauhan Aditya , Vaish Rahul 
Published: December 2014

Present study introduces a novel energy conversion cycle for giant electro‐mechanical energy conversion using ferroelectric materials. The proposed cycle is used to perform indirect measurements for harnessable energy densities of two well‐known configurations ((0.5PbZrO3‐0.5Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3: (PZ‐PNN) and 0.9Pb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3‐0.1Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3: (0.9PZT‐0.1PZN)). PZ‐PNN is depicted to illustrate an energy density of 70 kJ/m3 under the conditions of 0–106 MPa applied stress and 1–15 kV/cm electric field. On the other hand, a maximum energy density of 50 kJ/m3 is obtained for 0.9PZT‐0.1PZN under ambient conditions of 0–173 MPa compressive stress and 1 to 18 kV/cm electric field.
Establishing an external quality assessment scheme for point‐of‐care international normalized ratio in Thailand
Authors: Tientadakul P. , Chuntarut A. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIntroductionEffective warfarin therapy management has gained national interest, resulting in the increased use of point‐of‐care testing (POCT) for international normalized ratio (INR). External quality assessment (EQA) is recommended to ensure quality of the testing. CoaguChek XS and CoaguChek XS Plus are the only commonly available POCT INR monitors in Thailand. Therefore, Thailand NEQAS for Blood Coagulation initiated the scheme for POCT INR in 2013, including only hospitals using these devices.MethodsQuestionnaires were sent to the hospitals, enquiring about their interest in EQA participation. Two surveys were distributed; each included five certified European Concerted Action on Anticoagulation (ECAA) INR plasma sets. Unsatisfactory performance was indicated by a 15% deviation from the certified mean INR value.ResultsThere were 156 hospitals using the devices. Thirty‐five hospitals responded to the questionnaires. Medical personnel undertaking POCT INR were limited to laboratory staff in 29 (83%) of these centers, and 31 hospitals actually participated. The medians of results from participants were the same or nearly the same as the certified mean INRs.ConclusionExternal quality assessment for POCT INR in Thailand is feasible using the ECAA plasmas as control materials. The results therefore appear encouraging to other developing countries to establish their own EQA schemes.
Association of heart rate with albuminuria in a general adult population: the 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Choi H. S. , Hong J. W. , Lee J. H. , Noh J. H. , Kim D. J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlbuminuria is associated with increased risk of multiple adverse health outcomes, such as progressive renal failure, cardiovascular disease and death. However, in the general population, it is uncertain whether albuminuria is associated with elevated heart rate, which is an independent and powerful risk factor for cardiovascular disease.AimTo investigate whether an elevated heart rate is an independent factor associated with albuminuria in the general adult population of Korea.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was carried out on 5198 Korean adults aged 19 years or older who participated in the fifth (2011) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V‐2).ResultsThe prevalence of albuminuria showed an increasing trend throughout the whole range of heart rate, even after adjusting for confounders (P = 0.002). The increment was most profound at the heart rate of 70–75 and >76 beats per minute (b.p.m.; P = 0.011). In multiple logistic regression analysis, age (P < 0.001), hypertension (P < 0.001), diabetes (P < 0.001), hypertriglyceridaemia (P = 0.025), estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.028) and heart rate (P = 0.023) were independently associated with the presence of albuminuria in Korean adults. Compared with participants with heart rate ≤64 b.p.m., the odds ratio (95% CI) for albuminuria was 1.50 (1.15–1.96) for those with heart rate ≥76 b.p.m.ConclusionsThe prevalence of albuminuria is independently associated with heart rate in the general adult population of Korea.
A Rapid Method for Determining Boron Concentration (ID‐ICP‐MS) and δ11B (MC‐ICP‐MS) in Vegetation Samples after Microwave Digestion and Cation Exchange Chemical Purification
Authors: Roux Philippe , Lemarchand Damien , Hughes Harold J. , Turpault Marie‐Pierre 
Published: December 2014

We present in this article a rapid method for B extraction, purification and accurate B concentration and δ11B measurements by ID‐ICP‐MS and MC‐ICP‐MS, respectively, in different vegetation samples (bark, wood and tree leaves). We developed a rapid three‐step procedure including (1) microwave digestion, (2) cation exchange chromatography and (3) microsublimation. The entire procedure can be performed in a single working day and has shown to allow full B recovery yield and a measurement repeatability as low as 0.36‰ (± 2s) for isotope ratios. Uncertainties mostly originate from the cation exchange step but are independent of the nature of the vegetation sample. For δ11B determination by MC‐ICP‐MS, the effect of chemical impurities in the loading sample solution has shown to be critical if the dissolved load exceeds 5 μg g−1 of total salts or 25 μg g−1 of DOC. Our results also demonstrate that the acid concentration in the sample loading solution can also induce critical isotopic bias by MC‐ICP‐MS if chemistry of the rinsing‐, bracketing calibrator‐ and sample solutions is not thoroughly adjusted. We applied this method to provide a series of δ11B values of vegetal reference materials (NIST SRM 1570a = 25.74 ± 0.21‰; NIST 1547 = 40.12 ± 0.21‰; B2273 = 4.56 ± 0.15‰; BCR 060 = −8.72 ± 0.16‰; NCS DC73349 = 16.43 ± 0.12‰).
Evaluation of Novel Microabrasion Paste as a Dental Bleaching Material and Effects on Enamel Surface
Authors: Bağlar Serdar , Çolak Hakan , Hamidi Mehmet Mustafa 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurposeDental fluorosis is an enamel dysplasia that can cause serious aesthetic and psychological problems. An examination of the literature shows that the microabrasion method is the most effective way to treat fluorosis. This study aimed to produce a prototype microabrasion paste for the treatment of fluorosis stains and to examine the effects of the paste on tooth structure and color in vitro.Material and MethodsForty extracted upper incisor teeth were used in this study. The teeth were divided into four treatment groups: a prototype microabrasion paste group (N = 10), an Opalustre paste group (N = 10), a 37% phosphoric acid gel group (N = 10), and a distilled water (control) group (N = 10). Following treatment, all specimens in each of the four groups were examined by scanning electron microscopy for changes in their surface enamel. Changes in tooth color changes of the 1st and 2nd groups were measured before and after treatment by a VITA Easyshade Advance spectrophotometer.ResultsIn scanning electron microscopy evaluations, significant differences were not observed between the 1st and 2nd groups. Differences in three color‐measuring coordinates between the 1st and 2nd were also not statistically significant (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThe study demonstrated that the prototype paste is a viable treatment option for dental fluorosis.Clinical SignificanceThe findings in this study demonstrated that the tested prototype microabrasion paste is extremely harmless, minimally invasive agent, and able to improve the color, shine and chrome values of the teeth.
The Effect of Dental Adhesive on Final Color Match of Direct Laminate Veneer (DLV): In Vitro Study
Authors: Alabdulwahhab Bander M. , AlShethry Mohammed A. , AlMoneef Meshari A. , AlManie Mohammad A. , AlMaziad Mansour M. , AlOkla Mohammad S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of dental adhesive on the color match of direct laminate veneer.Materials and MethodSpecimens were prepared in the form of discs. B1 nano‐filled composite Filtek Z‐350 XT (3M‐ESPE) and single‐bond universal adhesive were used. Twenty discs of each test group with a diameter of 10 ± 0.1 mm and thickness of 0.7 ± 0.1 mm were prepared. The specimens were divided into three groups: control group that has composite material only (C), a group that has adhesive with composite material (AC), and a group that has adhesive with composite and re‐bonding technique (ACR). The samples were placed in viewing port for color measurement. Spectrophotometer was used in this study. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed for the CIE L*, a*, and b* values. Statistical software IBM SPSS 16.0 was used for analyzing the data, with a significance level of 0.05 (p < 0.05).ResultsIn this study, both groups where bonding agent was applied had significant change in color of the samples (p < 0.05). AC and ACR showed a change along the “a” coordinate and the “b” coordinate with using adhesive and re‐bonding technique. There were significant differences when comparing the values of a* and b* of the control group C with AC group and ACR on using adhesive and re‐bonding technique. ACR specimens presented the lowest “L” value.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, despite the fact that the change of color is not extensive, the dental adhesive changes the color of direct composite restoration in a way that may warrant caution. Additional studies are essential to substantiate the findings of this study.Clinical SignificanceDental adhesive play an important role in changing the color of direct composite restoration.
Effect of Exercise and Cognitive Activity on Self‐Reported Sleep Quality in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults with Cognitive Complaints: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pa Judy , Goodson William , Bloch Andrew , King Abby C. , Yaffe Kristine , Barnes Deborah E. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesTo compare the effects of different types of physical and mental activity on self‐reported sleep quality over 12 weeks in older adults with cognitive and sleep complaints.DesignRandomized controlled trial.SettingGeneral community.ParticipantsSeventy‐two inactive community‐dwelling older adults with self‐reported sleep and cognitive problems (mean age 73.3 ± 6.1; 60% women).InterventionRandom allocation to four arms using a two‐by‐two factorial design: aerobic+cognitive training, aerobic+educational DVD, stretching+cognitive training, and stretching+educational DVD arms (60 min/d, 3 d/wk for physical and mental activity for 12 weeks).MeasurementsChange in sleep quality using seven questions from the Sleep Disorders Questionnaire on the 2005 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (range 0–28, with higher scores reflecting worse sleep quality). Analyses used intention‐to‐treat methods.ResultsSleep quality scores did not differ at baseline, but there was a significant difference between the study arms in change in sleep quality over time (P < .005). Mean sleep quality scores improved significantly more in the stretching+educational DVD arm (5.1 points) than in the stretching+cognitive training (1.2 points), aerobic+educational DVD (1.1 points), or aerobic+cognitive training (0.25 points) arms (all P < .05, corrected for multiple comparisons). Differences between arms were strongest for waking at night (P = .02) and taking sleep medications (P = .004).ConclusionSelf‐reported sleep quality improved significantly more with low‐intensity physical and mental activities than with moderate‐ or high‐intensity activities in older adults with self‐reported cognitive and sleep difficulties. Future longer‐term studies with objective sleep measures are needed to corroborate these results.
On the Same Side of the Faultline: Inclusion in the Leader's Subgroup and Employee Performance
Authors: Meyer Bertolt , Shemla Meir , Li Jia , Wegge Jürgen 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTExtending theory on faultlines and subgroups, we argue that faultlines splitting a team into homogeneous subgroups can have different effects on team members' individual performance, depending on different intra‐subgroup processes. Specifically, we propose that the effect of faultline strength on individual performance depends on whether a team member's subgroup includes the team leader. Building on the notion of faultline triggers, we further propose that organizational crises exacerbate this interaction because they make social support by the team leader especially important. We tested these assumptions with objective performance data collected over a period of four years from 3263 financial consultants (325 teams) while controlling for the effects of relational demography. Results showed that in teams with strong faultlines, consultants' performance decreased to a lesser extent in crisis years if the consultants shared a subgroup with their team leader. Thus, faultlines had different effects on team members from different subgroups.
Arecoline increases basic fibroblast growth factor but reduces expression of IL‐1, IL‐6, G‐CSF and GM‐CSF in human umbilical vein endothelium
Authors: Ullah Mafaz , Cox Stephen , Kelly Elizabeth , Moore Malcolm A. S. , Zoellner Hans 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundAreca nut chewing is associated with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Raised vascular basic fibroblast growth factor may induce fibrosis. Arecoline is a muscarinic alkaloid in areca nut, which we earlier reported causes injury and necrosis of human endothelium.Materials and methodsHuman umbilical vein endothelial cells were exposed to arecoline with or without tumor necrosis factor‐α, and separately to acetylcholine, muscarine, or nicotine. Protein levels of basic fibroblast growth factor, as well as the inflammatory cytokines: granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF), granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor, and Interleukins‐6, 1‐α and 1‐β, were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. mRNA levels were established by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.ResultsBasic fibroblast growth factor was released into the culture medium at arecoline levels causing necrosis (P < 0.05). This contrasted with an opposite effect of arecoline on levels of the inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05). Tumor necrosis factor‐α increased IL‐6 and granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulated factor, but arecoline reduced this stimulated expression (P < 0.05). Arecoline had no effect on mRNA for basic fibroblast growth factor, although there was reduced mRNA for the separate inflammatory cytokines studied. The effect of acetylcholine, muscarine, and nicotine was minimal and dissimilar to that of arecoline.ConclusionsData raise the possibility that arecoline‐induced, vascular basic fibroblast growth factor contributes to OSF, by combining increased growth factor expression with endothelial necrosis, and thus driving fibroblast proliferation.
Provocative intraocular pressure challenge preferentially decreases venous oxygen saturation despite no reduction in blood flow
Authors: O'Connell Rachael A. , Anderson Andrew J. , Hosking Sarah L. , Bui Bang V. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPurposeOcular disease can both alter the retina's oxygen requirements, and decrease its ability to cope with changes in metabolic demand. We examined the influence of a moderate intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation on three outcome measures: arterial and venous oxygen saturation, blood flow, and the pattern electroretinogram (PERG).MethodsWe increased IOP to ˜30 mmHg in 23 healthy participants (22–39 years) using a mechanical probe applied to the eyelid, thereby lowering ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) by ~30%. The Oxymap retinal oximeter was used to measure oxygen saturation for arteries and veins. Blood flow, volume and velocity were measured using the Heidelberg retinal flowmeter and steady‐state PERG waveforms (8.34 Hz) were recorded bilaterally (200 sweeps). For each outcome measure, data was obtained three times: at baseline, 1 min into sustained IOP elevation, and 1 min after the probe was removed.ResultsDuring IOP elevation, changes in oxygen saturation of retinal arteries failed to reach statistical significance [F(1,30) = 3.69, p = 0.05], whereas venous oxygen saturation was significantly reduced [F(1,21) = 27.43, p < 0.01]. Blood flow increased slightly [F(2,40) = 6.28, p < 0.0001], PERG amplitude significantly reduced [F(2,44) = 24.24, p < 0.0001] and PERG phase was significantly delayed [F(2,44) = 17.00, p < 0.0001]. Contralateral eyes were unchanged. OPP reduction correlated little with PERG amplitude, PERG phase or venous oxygen saturation.ConclusionsMild, acute IOP elevation increases arterio‐venous oxygen saturation differences primarily through lowering venous oxygen saturation, suggesting increased oxygen consumption by healthy neurons when physiologically stressed.
Growth under Visible Light Increases Conidia and Mucilage Production and Tolerance to UV‐B Radiation in the Plant Pathogenic Fungus Colletotrichum acutatum
Authors: de Menezes Henrique D. , Massola Nelson S. , Flint Stephan D. , Silva Geraldo J. , Bachmann Luciano , Rangel Drauzio E. N. , Braga Gilberto U. L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLight conditions can influence fungal development. Some spectral wavebands can induce conidial production, whereas others can kill the conidia, reducing the population size and limiting dispersal. The plant pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum acutatum causes anthracnose in several crops. During the asexual stage on the host plant, Colletototrichum produces acervuli with abundant mucilage‐embedded conidia. These conidia are responsible for fungal dispersal and host infection. This study examined the effect of visible light during C. acutatum growth on the production of conidia and mucilage and also on the UV tolerance of these conidia. Conidial tolerance to an environmentally realistic UV irradiance was determined both in conidia surrounded by mucilage on sporulating colonies and in conidial suspension. Exposures to visible light during fungal growth increased production of conidia and mucilage as well as conidial tolerance to UV. Colonies exposed to light produced 1.7 times more conidia than colonies grown in continuous darkness. The UV tolerances of conidia produced under light were at least two times higher than conidia produced in the dark. Conidia embedded in the mucilage on sporulating colonies were more tolerant of UV than conidia in suspension that were washed free of mucilage. Conidial tolerance to UV radiation varied among five selected isolates.
Thermal response of intravascular and rectal tissue to temperature changes and chemical conditions in the rumen of sheep
Authors: Mendel V. E. , Raghavan G. V. 
Published: December 2014

1. Experiments were conducted with two wether sheep which were fitted with rumen cannulae and chronically implanted intravascular thermocouples. An attempt was made to study the thermal response of intravascular and rectal tissue to temperature changes and chemical conditions in the rumen.2. When ice or hot water were placed in the rumen there was an immediate fall or rise in the intravascular temperature accompanied by a similar change in rectal temperature. The intravascular temperatures returned to their precooling or preheating level of 40° C within 130 min, the rectal temperatures required 6‐8 hr to return to their pretreatment values.3. When 0·5
M acetic acid was infused into the rumen there was a marked rise in the intravascular temperature, over and above the diurnal rhythm but not in rectal temperatures. Infusion of mixtures of acetic plus propionic or acetic plus n‐butyric acids caused an intravascular temperature rise on feeding within the range of the diurnal pattern. In fasted animals, infusions of volatile fatty acids resulted in no rise in intravascular temperature.
The effects of pressure and pharmacologically active substances on gastric peristalsis in a transmurally stimulated rat stomach‐duodenum preparation
Authors: Armitage A. K. , Dean A. C. B. 
Published: December 2014

1. A rat stomach—duodenum preparation in which pressures in the body and the antrum and flow through the pylorus could be recorded simultaneously has been used to study the effects of pressure and pharmacologically active substances on the peristalsis induced by transmural stimulation.2. Vagal and transmural stimulation produced vigorous peristalsis and episodic flow. Simultaneous stimulation of the peri‐arterial nerves abolished peristalsis and relaxed the pylorus.3. After repeated stimulation the preparation lost tone and peristalsis failed. Peristalsis and tone could then be improved by lowering intragastric pressure. Vigorous peristalsis could be restored in an inactive preparation by eserine and more transiently by 5‐HT.4. Drugs which increased smooth muscle tone improved peristalsis and, under the conditions used, they reduced flow. Eserine was more active in this respect than acetylcholine or 5‐HT.5. Adrenaline and hyoscine abolished peristalsis and caused the stomach and the pylorus to relax.6. The results suggest that the peristaltic activity of the antrum is more important than the tone of the pylorus itself in controlling gastric emptying.
Transfer of propionate by rat small intestine in vitro
Authors: Barry R. J. C. , Jackson M. J. , Smyth D. H. 
Published: December 2014

1. The transfer of propionate by sacs of rat everted intestine has been investigated in relation to a number of physico‐chemical factors which affect movement of weak electrolytes.2. Neither the observed movement nor the distribution of propionate can be accounted for by the theory of non‐ionic diffusion or by modifications of it, such as the microclimate hypothesis or partial permeability to ions.3. It is not possible to account for the observed propionate movement by the electrical potential across the gut or by solvent drag.4. The most satisfactory explanation for the observations is a transfer process in the gut for volatile fatty acids, and some features of this are discussed.