bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Characterization of 1-Tigloyl-3-acetylazadirachtol from the Seed Kernels of the Thai Neem Azadirachta siamensis Valeton
Authors: Kalinowski H.-O. , Krack C. , Ermel K. , Chriathamjaree C. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The Thai neem A. siamensis (Valeton) is the main source for botanical insecticides in Thailand. Although azadirachtin A (aza A) is present in Thai neem, there are some other related compounds which may contribute to its bioefficiency. Analytical HPLC of Thai neem samples showed a peak closely eluted with azadirachtin. A large-scale cleanup involving two liquid/liquid extraction steps, silica filtration, and finally two successive preparative HPLC separations, resulted in the pure compound, which was identified as 1-tigloyl-3-acetylazadirachtol by 1D -and 2D -1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Different Connectivities in Supramolecular Aggregates of Trinuclear GoId(I) Complexes with the Sacconi-Ligand N(CH2
CH2PPh2)3
Authors: Zank Johann , Schier Annette , Schmidbaur Hubert 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Trichloro-[tris(2-(diphenylphosphanyl)ethyl)amine]-trigold(I) (1) has been prepared by treating the tripod ligand tris(2-(diphenylphosphanyl)ethyl)amine with three equivalents of chloro(dimethylsulfide)gold(I) in dichloromethane. Treatment of solutions of 1 in dichloromethane with potassium bromide or potassium iodide resulted in the formation of the tribromo (2) and triiodo (3) derivatives. All compounds were crystallized and X-ray structure analyses have been performed. Complexes 1 and 2 are isomorphous and crystallize in the rhombohedral space group R3̄. An aggregation into layers through Au-X′ contacts of 3.734 (X = Cl) and 3.711 Å (X = Br), but no Au-Au contacts were observed. Compound 3 on the other hand crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The molecules are linked into strings through short intermolecular Au-Au contacts of 3.1072 Å.
Synthese und Kristallstrukturbestimmung von Additionsverbindungen aus Alkyldimethylbromsilanen und N-Trimethylsilylimidazol/Syntheses and Crystal Structure Determination of Addition Compounds of Alkyldimethylbromosilanes and N-Trimethylsilylimidazole
Authors: Hensen Karl , Gebhardta Frank , Bolteb Michael 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The bromosilanes RMe2SiBr (R = Me, Et, n-Pr and i-Pr) form ionic 1:1-compounds with N-trimethylsilylimidazole (NTMSI), stable at room temperature. Crystals of the compounds with R = Et, n-Pr and i-Pr are obtained by sublimation. From the product of the reaction of 1,1-dibromosilacyclopentane with NTMSI single crystals of N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)imidazolium-bromide (R = Me) were obtained. In the new adducts both silicon atoms are tetracoordinated.
Chiral Hexa-and Nona-Substituted 1,3,5-Triphenylbenzenes
Authors: Frackowiak Esther , Scherowsky Günter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
, 1997 1,3,5-Triphenylbenzenes, Chiral and Non-Chiral Substituents Aiming to design new discotic liquid crystals, chiral and non-chiral esters and ethers of hexa-and nonasubstituted 1,3,5-triphenylbenzenes were synthesized. The new compounds are crystalline or high viscous liquids. They do not form mesophases or columnar donor-acceptor-complexes with TNF, DNF or DBox-H. The chiral esters 5c and 5d. used as dopants, induce cholesteric phases in nematic discotics.
Bromoisoxazoline Alkaloids from the Caribbean Sponge Aplysina insularis
Authors: Fendert Thomas , Wray Victor , Soest Rob W. M. van , Proksch Peter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
An investigation of a specimen of the Caribbean sponge Aplysina insularis resulted in the isolation of fourteen bromoisoxazoline alkaloids (1 - 14), of which 14-oxo-aerophobin-2 (1)* is a novel derivative. Structure elucidation of the compounds have been established from spectral studies and data for 1 are reported. Constituents 2 to 6 and 11 to 14 have not been identified sofar in Aplysina insularis species. The presence of the known compounds 7 to 9 in Aplysina insularis indicates that their use for chemotaxonomical purposes is questionable.
Isolation and Identification of Peptidic α-Glucosidase Inhibitors Derived from Sardine Muscle Hydrolyzate
Authors: Matsui Toshiro , Oki Tomoyuki , Osajima Yutaka 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We report here the isolation of a-glucosidase (AGH) inhibitory peptides derived from sardine muscle hydrolyzate, which was prepared by digestion with Bacillus licheniformis alka­line protease. As a result of reversed-phase HPLC purification, two AGH inhibitory peptides were isolated from a DEAE -Sephadex A-25 column eluate. The peptides were identified as follows: Val-Trp (IC50 = 22.6 mᴍ) and Try -Tyr -Pro -Leu (IC50 = 3.7 mᴍ). AGH inhibitory studies of Try -Tyr -Pro -Leu and its derivatives demonstrated the importance of the tri-peptide chain length as well as the hydrophobic aromatic amino acid tyrosine at the N-terminus, aliphatic amino acids at the C-terminus, as well as an amide proton from the peptide chain at the middle position of the tri-peptide to develop AGH inhibition activity.
Occurrence of Avenanthramides and Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA:hydroxyanthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase Activity in Oat Seeds
Authors: Matsukawa Tetsuya , Isobe Taishi , Ishihara Atsushi , Iwamura Hajime 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Oat phytoalexins, avenanthramides, occur as constitutive components in seeds. The amounts of each avenanthram ide were analyzed. The com position of avenanthram ides in dry seeds was different from that in elicitor-treated leaves. In seeds, avenanthram ide C was most abundant with an amount two times larger than that of avenanthramide A or B. On the other hand, avenanthramide A was the major component in elicitor-treated leaves. The total amount of avenanthram ides in seeds increased 2.5 times during imbibition for 48 h although the composition did not change. The hydroxycinnam oyl-CoA :hydroxyanthranilate N-hydroxycinnam oyltransferase (HHT, EC 2.3.1.-) activity, which is responsible for the final condensation step in the avenanthramide biosynthesis, was detected in dry seeds. The activity was localized in endosperm and scutellum , and slightly increased during 48-h imbibition. The enzyme was partially purified by anion exchange chromatography from both dry seeds and elicitor-treated leaves. The activity was separated into two peaks by chromatography, indicating that HHT consists of at least two isoforms. The substrate specificities of HHT isoforms from seeds were different from each other.
Selective Induction of Glutathione S-Transferase Subunits in Wheat Plants Exposed to the Herbicide Acifluorfen
Authors: Pascal Sophie , Gullner Gabor , Kömives Tamäs , Scalla René 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Exposure to the herbicide acifluorfen resulted in marked increase of glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity in wheat seedlings, primarily in shoot tissues. From the six major, constitutively expressed GST subunits found in un treated w heat shoots subunits 2 and 3 were selectively induced by acifluorfen. No new subunit could be detected. The induced subunits belong to those GST isoenzymes, which metabolize diphenyl ether herbicides.
Tissue Cholinesterases. A Comparative Study of Their Kinetic Properties
Authors: Dave Kunjan R. , Syal Anshu R. , Katyare Surendra S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The substrate saturation and temperature-dependent kinetic properties of soluble and membrane-bound forms of acetylcholinestarase (AChE) from brain and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) from heart and liver were examined. In simultaneous studies these parameters were also measured for AChE in erythrocyte membranes and for BChE in the serum from rat and humans. For both soluble and membrane-bound forms of the enzyme from the three tissues, two components were discernible. In the brain, Km of component I (high affinity) and component II (low affinity) was somewhat higher in membrane-bound form than that of the soluble form components, while the Vmax values were significantly higher by about five fold. In the heart, K m of component II was lower in membrane-bound form than in the soluble form, while Vmax for both the components was about four to six fold higher in the membrane-bound form. In the liver, Vmax was marginally higher for the two components of the membrane-bound enzyme; the Km only of component I was higher by a factor of 2. In the rat erythrocyte membranes three components of AChE were present showing increasing values of Km and Vmax. In contrast, in the human erythrocyte membranes only two components could be detected; the one corresponding to component II of rat erythrocyte membranes was absent. In the rat serum two components of BChE were present while the human serum was found to possess three components. Component I of the human serum was missing in the rat serum. Temperature kinetics studies revealed that the Arrhenius plots were biphasic for most of the systems except for human serum. Membrane binding of the enzyme resulted in decreased energy of activation with shift in phase transition temperature (Tt) to near physiological temperature.
Endothelium Modulates Contractile Response to Simvastatin in Rat Aorta
Authors: Pérez-Guerrero Concepción , Sotomayor María Álvarez de , Herrera Maria Dolores , Marhuenda Elisa 
Published: February 2015

Simvastatin is an inhibitor of HMG -CoA reductase used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. In the present study simvastatin-induced contraction was observed in rat aortic thoracic rings, this effect increased when the endothelium was removed and when NO synthase was blocked by L-NOARG (3 x 10-5 ᴍ) . The contractile effect of simvastatin on intact aortic rings diminished when cyclo-oxygenase was inhibited with indomethacin (10-5 ᴍ). Also in the presence of endothelium, pretreatment with mevalonate (1 mM), the product of HMGCoA reductase activity, significantly inhibited the contraction. In other experiments carried out on endothelium-removed preparations and in medium containing the calcium antagonist, diltiazem (10-5 and 10-6 ᴍ) , the contraction dose-response curves were significantly reduced and the same happened in the presence of the inhibitor of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-2+- ATPase, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) (3 x 10-6 ᴍ) .
The results suggest that simvastatin might increase intracellular calcium concentration. This effect could lead to an activation of NO synthase and cyclooxygenase pathways in endothelial cells and to contraction in vascular smooth muscle cells. This rise in Ca2+ concentration could be due to an inhibition of isoprenoid synthesis prevented by mevalonate.
The Nature of Oxygen in Sporopollenin from the Pollen of Typha angustifolia L.
Authors: Ahlers Friedhelm , Bubert Henning , Steuernage Stefan , Wiermann Rolf 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Native and peracetylated sporopollenin from the pollen of Typha angustifolia L. was investigated using several spectroscopic methods, inducing Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid-state 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 13C-NMR) and Xray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS). Interpretation of the experimental data shows that the greater part of oxygen found in sporopollenin originates from hydroxyl groups and must be derived from aliphatics and not from aromatics. This result indicates that not only aromatics and long unbranched aliphatics but also poly-hydroxyl aliphatic components are involved in the complex structure of the polymer. Furthermore, it is most probable that the monomers of the sporopollenin skeleton are linked by ether- and not by ester-linkage. Two possible approaches are suggested for the characterisation of sporopollenin structure.
Can the Peptide Chain of a Pyoverdin be Bound by an Ester Bond to the Chromophore? - The Old Problem of Pseudobactin 7SR1
Authors: Voßen Werner , Fuchs Regine , Taraz Kambiz , Budzikiewicz Herbert 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The structure which had been proposed for the pyoverdin named pseudobactin 7SR1 (Yang and Leong, 1984) differed from those of all other pyoverdins investigated sofar: its peptide chain was supposedly linked to the chromophore not by an amide bond originating from its N-terminal amino acid, but rather by an ester bond involving one of the three Ser. It will be shown that the peptide chain of pseudobactin 7SR1 is actually bound to the chromophore amidically by its N-terminal Ser and that it comprises a cyc/odepsipeptidic substructure with an ester bond between the C-terminal Thr and the OH-group of the second Ser in the chain.
Seeds of Trichosanthes kirilowii, an Energy-Rich Diet
Authors: Huang Yi , He Ping , Bader Klaus P. , Radunz Alfons , Schmid Georg H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The kernels of Trichosanthes kirilowii seeds contain a green oil which makes up for 62% of their dry matter. This oil consists up to 95% of triglycerides, 2% of glycolipids, 1.3% of phospholipids and 1.8% of chlorophylls. As fatty acid components the triglycerides, glycolipids and phospholipids contain the unsaturated fatty acids linoleic and oleic acid and the saturated palmitic acid. In the triglycerides 19% of the C18:3 acid occur with the configuration Δ9 cis, Δ11 trans. Δ13 cis. This acid is called trichosanic acid and is absent in glycolipids and phospholipids which contain instead another C 18:3 fatty acid, which has conjugated double bounds and occurs with an amount of 21% and 3%, respectively. Typically, these oil seeds contain in addition up to 30% of their dry matter proteins and up to 2.5% mono- and oligosaccharides. The monosaccharides consist of rhamnose, galactose and glucose and the oligosaccharides represent a mixture of tri- and tetrasaccharides.
Protective Effect of L-Cysteine and Glutathione on Rat Brain Na+,K+-ATPase Inhibition Induced by Free Radicals
Authors: Tsakiris Stylianos , Angelogianni Panagoula , Schulpis Kleopatra H. , Behrakis Panagiotis 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the preincubation of brain homogenates with L-phenylalanine (Phe), L-cysteine (Cys) or reduced glutathione (G SH) could reverse the free radical effects on Na+,K+-ATPase activity. Two well established systems were used for the production of free radicals: 1) FeSO4 (84 μᴍ ) plus ascorbic acid (400 μᴍ ) and 2) FeSO4, ascorbic acid and H2O2 (1 mᴍ) for 10 min at 37 °C in homogenates of adult rat whole brain. Changes in brain Na+,K+-ATPase activity and total antioxidant status (TAS) were studied in the presence of each system separately, with or without Phe, Cys or GSH. TAS value reflects the amount of free radicals and the capacity of the antioxidant enzymes to limit the free radicals in the homogenate. Na+,K+-ATPase was inhibited by 35-50% and TAS value was decreased by 50-60% by both systems of free radical production. The enzymatic inhibition was completely reversed and TAS value increased by 150-180% when brain homogenates were preincubated with 0.83 mᴍ Cys or GSH. However, this Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition was not affected by 1.80 mᴍ Phe, which produced a 45-50% increase in TAS value. It is suggested that the antioxidant action of Cys and GSH may be due to the binding of free radicals to sulfhydryl groups of the molecule, so that free radicals cannot induce Na+,K+-ATPase inhibition. Moreover, Cys and GSH could regulate towards normal values the neural excitability and metabolic energy production, which may be disturbed by free radical action on Na+,K+-ATPase.
Two New Eudesmane Alcohols from Jasonia glutinosa
Authors: Sánchez-Martínez Raquel , Villaescusa-Castillo Lucinda , Bernabé Manuel , Díaz-Lanza Ana María 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Two new sesquiterpene alcohols have been isolated from the aerial parts of Jasonia glutinosa D. C. The structure of these sesquiterpenes were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR techniques (DQCOSY, TOCSY, NOESY, HMQC and HMBC) as (11R)-eudesm -4-en-11,12- diol and (11R)-eudesmane-5α,11,12-triol.
Biotransformation of Two Cytotoxic Terpenes, α-Santonin and Sclareol by Botrytis cinerea
Authors: Farooq Afgan , Tahara Satoshi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Two cytotoxic terpenes, α-santonin (1) and sclareol (3) were biotransformed by a plant pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea to produce oxidized metabolites in high yields. α-Santonin (1 ) on fermentation with the fungus for ten days afforded a hydroxylated metabolite identified as 11β-hydroxy-α-santonin (2) in a high yield (83%), while sclareol (3) was metabolized to epoxysclareol (4) (64%) and a new compound 8-deoxy-14,15-dihydro-15-chloro-14-hydroxy- 8,9-dehydrosclareol (5) (7%), representing a rare example of microbial halogenation.
Chemical Composition of the Lipophylic Extract from the Tunicate Botryllus schlosseri
Authors: Slantchev Krasimir , Stefanov Kamen , Seizova Katya , Popov Simeon , Andreev Stoitse 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Eighteen sterols were identified in Botryllus schlosseri, stanols being the main sterols. The sterol composition is in agreement with our recent paper on taxonomic separation of tunicates into three groups. Again we found in invertebrates of the Black Sea sterols with a (22Z)-double bond. This confirms the presence of such sterols in nature. The composition of the phospholipids appeared to be complex, and twelve groups of them were identified in Botryllus schlossen. The main representatives of phospholipids appeared to be phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Only four volatile compounds were identified, which is unusual for marine invertebrates.
Exogenous Melatonin Elevates the Plasma Leptin and Thyroxine Concentrations of the Mink (Mustela vison)
Authors: Mustonen Anne-Mari , Nieminen Petteri , Hyvärinen Heikki , Asikainen Juha 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Eight male and eight female minks were given exogenous melatonin as subcutaneous implants. The plasma leptin and thyroxine concentrations were measured. The leptin concentrations showed clear seasonal variations and differences between the experimental groups. In September most of the control females had undetectable plasma leptin concentrations, but the melatonin-treated females had detectable concentrations significantly higher than the leptin levels of the controls. Most of the males had undetectable leptin concentrations, too. In October the plasma leptin levels had increased significantly in all the groups except the control males. The melatonin-treated minks had significantly higher leptin levels than the controls. There was a significant rise in the thyroxine levels from September to October and the melatonin-treated groups had significantly higher thyroxine levels than the controls. The effects of exogenous melatonin are very pronounced in the mink. Melatonin elevates the plasma leptin and thyroxine levels possibly by direct and indirect mechanisms.
Effect of Minor Components of Virgin Olive Oil on Topical Antiinflammatory Assays
Authors: Puerta Rocío de la , Martínez-Domínguez Eugenia , Ruíz-Gutiérrez Valentina 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Interest in the health-promoting effects of virgin olive oil, an important part of the “Mediterranean diet”, prompted us to determine the antiinflammatory effects of erythrodiol, β-sitosterol and squalene, identified as major components of the so-called “unsaponifiable fraction” of virgin olive oil, as well as of the phenolic compounds from the “polar fraction”: oleuropein, tyrosol, hydroxytyrosol and caffeic acid. Their activities were compared to those of both, total unsaponifiable and polar fractions. This study was designed to analyse the antiinflammatory effect of these specific compounds from virgin olive oil on edema in mice induced by either arachidonic acid (AA ) or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA). The inhibition of the myeloperoxidase (MPO), marker enzyme of the accumulation of neutrophils in the inflamed tissue, was also investigated by the TPA model. The topical application of the olive oil compounds (0.5 mg/ear) produced a variable degree of antiinflammatory effect with both assays. In the auricular edema induced by TPA, β-sitosterol and erythrodiol from the unsaponifiable fraction of the oil showed a potent antiedematous effect with a 61.4% and 82.1% of inhibition respectively, values not very different to that of the reference indomethacin (85.6%) at 0.5 mg/ear. The four phenolics exerted a similar range of inhibition (33- 45%). All compounds strongly inhibited the enzyme myeloperoxidase, indicating a reduction of the neutrophil influx in the inflamed tissues. The strongest inhibitor of AA edema was the total unsaponifiable fraction which inhibition was 34%, similar to that obtained by the reference drug dexamethasone at 0.05 mg/ear. Among the phenolics, oleuropein also produced an inhibition of about 30% with the same dose, but all the other components were found less active in this assay. The anti-inflammatory effects exerted by both unsaponifiable and polar compounds might contribute to the potential biological properties reported for virgin olive oil against different pathological processess.
Antioxidant Properties of Rimantadine in Influenza Virus Infected Mice and in Some Model Systems
Authors: Mileva Milka , Hadjimitova Vera , Tantcheva Lubka , Traykov Trayko , Galabov Angel S. , Savov Varban , Ribarov Stefan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Influenza virus infection is associated with development of oxidative stress in lung and blood plasma, viz. increase of primary and secondary lipid peroxidation products. It was established that rimantadine treatment led to a decrease of the products of lipid peroxidation in tissues of mice experimentally infected with influenza virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2). The effect is strongest in blood plasma (a decrease of about 50%) and weaker in the lung (about 20%). To elucidate the mechanism of this action of rimantadine, experiments were carried out with some model systems. The capability of rimantadine to scavenge superoxide radicals (scavenging properties) was studied in a system of xanthine-xanthine oxidase to generate superoxide. The amount of superoxide was measured spectrophotometrically by the NBT-test and chemiluminesce. Rimantadine does not show scavenging properties and its antioxidant effect observed in vivo, is not a result of its direct action on the processes of lipid peroxidation and/or interaction with antioxidant enzymes. The antioxidant properties of rimantadine were investigated by measurement of induced lipid peroxidation in a Fe2+ and (Fe2+ - EDTA) system with an egg liposomal suspension. Our findings with model systems do not prove an antioxidant or prooxidant effect of the drug on the processes of lipid peroxidation. Apparently, the observed antioxidant effect of rimantadine in vivo is not connected directly with free radical processes in the organism.
Iron(II)-mimosine Catalyzed Cleavage of DNA
Authors: Mikhailov Ivailo , Ninova Petia , Russev George , Anachkova Boyka 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Supercoiled plasmid DNA was treated in vitro with H2O2, DTT and either Fe (II), Fe (II)-EDTA or Fe (II)- mimosine. The rate of DNA break formation was followed by the conversion of the supercoiled form into relaxed-circular and linear forms. In the concentration interval of 0-4 μм Fe (II), Fe (II)-EDTA slowed-down the formation of DNA breaks, while Fe (Il)-mimosine enhanced the rate of break formation up to several times. A conclusion is drawn that this enhancement is due to the increased affinity of the Fe (Il)-mimosine complex to DNA.