bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding contextual factors in falls in long-term care facilities
Authors: Sixsmith Andrew , Woolrych Ryan , Schonnop Rebecca , Robinovitch Stephen , Chaudhury Habib , Feldman Fabio 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– Despite the growing area of research involving falls in the residential care setting, the link between contextual and environmental factors in falls is poorly understood. This paper aims to draw upon existing research being undertaken in long-term care (LTC) in Metro Vancouver, Canada, with a particular focus on identifying contextual factors contributing to fall events.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper presents the results of a qualitative observational analysis of video-captured data collected through a network of high-quality video systems in two LTC facilities. The research comprised workshops involving experienced researchers who reviewed six video sequences of fall events. The outcome of the workshops was a written narrative summarizing the discussion and researchers’ interpretation of fall sequences.

Findings
– The analysis indicates that there are a broad range of environmental, behavioral and situational factors that contribute to falls in LTC. This suggests that a limited conceptualization of a fall as an outcome of the person's impairment and environmental hazards fails to convey the complexity of potential contributory factors typical of most fall incidents.

Research limitations/implications
– Broadening our understanding of falls provides the potential to make recommendations for falls prevention practice across multiple levels, including the individual, social and organizational context.

Originality/value
– The paper evaluates the potential of video-based data in fall analysis and points to the development of a case study approach to analyzing fall incidents to capture the complex nature of contributory factors beyond research that focuses solely on intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors.
Loneliness amongst older people: findings from a survey in Coventry, UK
Authors: Woolham John , Daly Guy , Hughes Elizabeth 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors associated with loneliness amongst people aged 55 and over living in Coventry, a medium-sized city in the Midlands, UK.

Design/methodology/approach
– Quantitative community survey of residents, involving postal and online questionnaire and distribution of questionnaire to local community resources used by older people and “ballot boxes” for completed questionnaires in these locations.

Findings
– Using multivariate regression analysis the study found that living alone, not enjoying life, needing help with personal care and not being in touch with people as often as liked all predicted loneliness.

Research limitations/implications
– Survey was commissioned by a range of local statutory and voluntary sector providers and had a wider focus than loneliness. Some evidence of under-representation of males, minority ethnic groups and possibly people from lower socio-economic groups is reported. Further qualitative research is needed to better understand consequences and causes of loneliness.

Practical implications
– The study identified factors associated with loneliness that could be used to identify people who may be lonely in general or, for example, NHS or social care service populations.

Originality/value
– Loneliness is slowly becoming more recognised as a social problem in its own right and a contributory factor in poor health and well-being. This paper explores a the relationship between lonely and “not lonely” people and a range of factors clustered within the four thematic areas of demographic background, reported health and well-being, access to personal resources and use of community resources of survey participants.
Dressing professional, an aesthetic experience of professions
Authors: Bazin Yoann , Aubert-Tarby Clémence 
Published: September 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the phenomenon of dress codes in professions. Since they can be considered as carriers of both organizational communication and individual identity, they will be central in professions as communities and through the professionalization process. Therefore, we will ask the following question: what is the role of understanding and complying with dress codes in becoming a professional?

Design/methodology/approach
– The empirical study consists in a series of ethnographic interviews and observations aiming at understanding dress codes' roles and dynamics in financial professions.

Findings
– Exploring dress codes in three typical professions in finance, we have discovered that they also are mediums of communication within the group, strengthening a certain aesthetic sense of belonging and of presenting the self.

Originality/value
– In this, becoming a professional can be understood as an aesthetic experience through which all senses are involved. Considering professions as being also aesthetic communities shifts the focus – or rather enlarges it – toward symbolic, corporeal and sensorial elements.
Teaching Metathesis “Simple” Stereochemistry
Authors: Fürstner Alois 
Published: September 2013

Background
Transition metal–catalyzed alkene metathesis has revolutionized organic synthesis during the last two decades, even though the commonly used catalysts do not provide kinetic control over the stereochemistry of the newly formed double bonds. It is of utmost importance to fix this shortcoming, because the olefin geometry not only determines the physical and chemical properties of the alkene products but is also innately linked to any biological activities that the olefins may have.

Advances

Recent progress in catalyst design led to the development of a first set of metal alkylidene complexes of ruthenium, molybdenum, and tungsten that allow a host of inter- and intramolecular alkene metathesis reactions to be performed with good to excellent levels of
Z
selectivity (see the figure). This marks a considerable advancement over prior art, even though inherently
E
-selective catalysts remain elusive. In the case of disubstituted olefins, this gap in coverage can be filled by a sequence of alkyne metathesis followed by stereoselective semi-reduction of the resulting acetylene derivatives, which provides highly selective access to either geometrical series. Because the required alkylidyne catalysts have also been greatly improved in terms of activity, functional group tolerance, and user-friendliness, this method constitutes a valuable preparative complement.

Outlook
It is expected that the new catalysts will be rapidly embraced by the synthetic community. Because the as-yet limited number of published case studies is very encouraging, it is reasonable to believe that more sophisticated applications to polyfunctionalized and/or industrially relevant targets will follow shortly. Such investigations will allow the selectivity and performance of the stereoselective metathesis catalysts to be scrutinized in great detail. In parallel, growing mechanistic insights into their mode of action will almost certainly be forthcoming that can then be translated into refined ligand design. The resulting feedback loops will likely result in the evolution of ever more selective and practical catalysts, the long-term impact of which on organic synthesis and materials science will surely be profound and lasting.
Development and Validation of a Liquid Medium (M7H9C) for Routine Culture of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis To Replace Modified Bactec 12B Medium
Authors: Whittington Richard J. , Whittington Ann-Michele , Waldron Anna , Begg Douglas J. , de Silva Kumi , Purdie Auriol C. , Plain Karren M. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Liquid culture of
Mycobacterium avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
from clinical samples, such as feces, is the most sensitive antemortem test for the diagnosis of Johne's disease in ruminants. In Australia, New Zealand, the United States, and some other countries, the Bactec 460 system with modified Bactec 12B medium (Becton, Dickinson) has been the most commonly used liquid culture system, but it was discontinued in 2012. In this study, a new liquid culture medium, M7H9C, was developed. It consists of a Middlebrook 7H9 medium base with added Casitone, albumin, dextrose, catalase, egg yolk, mycobactin J, and a cocktail of antibiotics. We found that polyoxyethylene stearate (POES) was not essential for the cultivation of
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
in either the Bactec 12B or the M7H9C medium. The limit of detection determined using pure cultures of the C and S strains of
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
was 7 bacilli per 50 μl inoculum in the two media. The new medium was validated using 784 fecal and tissue samples from sheep and cattle, >25% of which contained viable
M. avium
subsp.
paratuberculosis
. Discrepant results for the clinical samples between the two media were mostly associated with samples that contained <10 viable bacilli per gram, but these results were relatively uncommon, and the performances of the two media were not significantly different. M7H9C medium was less than half the cost of the Bactec 12B medium and did not require regular examination during incubation, but a confirmatory IS
900
PCR test had to be performed on every culture after the predetermined incubation period.
Advantages of Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry as a Rapid Diagnostic Tool for Identification of Yeasts and Mycobacteria in the Clinical Microbiological Laboratory
Authors: Chen Jonathan H. K. , Yam Wing-Cheong , Ngan Antonio H. Y. , Fung Ami M. Y. , Woo Wai-Lan , Yan Mei-Kum , Choi Garnet K. Y. , Ho Pak-Leung , Cheng Vincent C. C. , Yuen Kwok-Yung 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTYeast and mycobacteria can cause infections in immunocompromised patients and normal hosts. The rapid identification of these organisms can significantly improve patient care. There has been an increasing number of studies on using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for rapid yeast and mycobacterial identifications. However, studies on direct comparisons between the Bruker Biotyper and bioMérieux Vitek MS systems for the identification of yeast and mycobacteria have been limited. This study compared the performance of the two systems in their identification of 98 yeast and 102 mycobacteria isolates. Among the 98 yeast isolates, both systems generated species-level identifications in >70% of the specimens, of whichCandida albicanswas the most commonly cultured species. At a genus-level identification, the Biotyper system identified more isolates than the Vitek MS system forCandida(75/78 [96.2%]versus 68/78 [87.2%], respectively;P= 0.0426) and non-Candidayeasts (18/20 [90.0%]versus 7/20 [35.0%], respectively;P= 0.0008). For mycobacterial identification, the Biotyper system generated reliable identifications for 89 (87.3%) and 64 (62.8%) clinical isolates at the genus and species levels, respectively, from solid culture media, whereas the Vitek MS system did not generate any reliable identification. The MS method differentiated 12/21 clinical species, despite the fact that no differentiation betweenMycobacterium abscessusandMycobacterium chelonaewas found by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In summary, the MALDI-TOF MS method provides short turnaround times and a standardized working protocol for the identification of yeast and mycobacteria. Our study demonstrates that MALDI-TOF MS is suitable as a first-line test for the identification of yeast and mycobacteria in clinical laboratories.
First Case of Streptococcus lutetiensis Bacteremia Involving a Clindamycin-Resistant Isolate Carrying the
lnuB
Gene
Authors: Almuzara M. , Bonofiglio L. , Cittadini R. , Vera Ocampo C. , Montilla A. , del Castillo M. , Ramirez M. S. , Mollerach M. , Vay C. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we describe the first case of a
Streptococcus lutetiensis
isolate harboring the
lnuB
gene.
Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Herpesvirus 6 Detection in a Non-Hodgkin's Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cohort by Using RNA Sequencing
Authors: Strong Michael J. , O'Grady Tina , Lin Zhen , Xu Guorong , Baddoo Melody , Parsons Chris , Zhang Kun , Taylor Christopher M. , Flemington Erik K. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
Comprehensive virome analysis of RNA sequence (RNA-seq) data sets from 118 non-Hodgkin's B-cell lymphomas revealed a small subset that is positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) or human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B), with one coinfection. EBV transcriptome analysis revealed expression of the latency genes RPMS1, LMP1, and LMP2, with one sample additionally showing a high level of early lytic expression and another sample showing a high level of EBNA2 expression. HHV-6B transcriptome analysis revealed that the majority of genes were transcribed.
The Protein Interaction Network of Bacteriophage Lambda with Its Host, Escherichia coli
Authors: Blasche Sonja , Wuchty Stefan , Rajagopala Seesandra V. , Uetz Peter 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Although most of the 73 open reading frames (ORFs) in bacteriophage λ have been investigated intensively, the function of many genes in host-phage interactions remains poorly understood. Using yeast two-hybrid screens of all lambda ORFs for interactions with its host
Escherichia coli
, we determined a raw data set of 631 host-phage interactions resulting in a set of 62 high-confidence interactions after multiple rounds of retesting. These links suggest novel regulatory interactions between the
E. coli
transcriptional network and lambda proteins. Targeted host proteins and genes required for lambda infection are enriched among highly connected proteins, suggesting that bacteriophages resemble interaction patterns of human viruses. Lambda tail proteins interact with both bacterial fimbrial proteins and
E. coli
proteins homologous to other phage proteins. Lambda appears to dramatically differ from other phages, such as T7, because of its unusually large number of modified and processed proteins, which reduces the number of host-virus interactions detectable by yeast two-hybrid screens.
Effect of rapid weight loss on performance in combat sport male athletes: does adaptation to chronic weight cycling play a role?
Authors: Mendes Sandro H , Tritto Aline C , Guilherme João Paulo L F , Solis Marina Y , Vieira Douglas E , Franchini Emerson , Lancha Antonio H , Artioli Guilherme G 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundStudies failing to show a negative effect of rapid weight loss (RWL) on performance have been conducted in athletes who have been cycling weight for years. It has been suggested that chronic weight cycling could lead combat athletes to become resistant to the stresses associated with weight loss. To investigate the effects of RWL up to 5% of body mass on high-intensity intermittent performance in weight cyclers (WC) and non-weight cyclers (non-WC).MethodsEighteen male combat athletes (WC: n=10; non-WC: n=8) reduced up to 5% of their body mass in 5 days. Body composition, high-intensity performance and plasma lactate were assessed preweight loss and postweight loss. Athletes had 4 h to re-feed and rehydrate following the weigh-in. Food intake was recorded during the weight loss and the recovery periods.ResultsAthletes significantly decreased body mass, lean body mass (most likely due to fluid loss) and fat mass following weight loss. No significant changes in performance were found from preweight loss to postweight loss in both groups. Plasma lactate was significantly elevated after exercise in both groups, but no differences were found between groups and in response to RWL. For all these variables no differences were observed between groups. Athletes from both groups ingested high amounts of energy and carbohydrates during the recovery period after the weigh-in.ConclusionsChronic weight cycling does not protect athletes from the negative impact of RWL on performance. The time to recover after weigh-in and the patterns of food and fluid ingestion during this period is likely to play the major role in restoring performance to baseline levels.
Combination Therapy with a Second-Generation Androgen Receptor Antagonist and a Metastasis Vaccine Improves Survival in a Spontaneous Prostate Cancer Model
Authors: Ardiani Andressa , Farsaci Benedetto , Rogers Connie J. , Protter Andy , Guo Zhimin , King Thomas H. , Apelian David , Hodge James W. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Enzalutamide, a second-generation androgen antagonist, was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) treatment. Immunotherapy has been shown to be a promising strategy for prostate cancer. This study was performed to provide data to support the combination of enzalutamide and immunotherapy for CRPC treatment.
Experimental Design: Male C57BL/6 or TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate) prostate cancer model mice were exposed to enzalutamide and/or a therapeutic vaccine targeting Twist, an antigen involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis. The physiologic and immunologic effects of enzalutamide were characterized. The generation of Twist-specific immunity by Twist-vaccine was assessed. Finally, the combination of enzalutamide and Twist-vaccine to improve TRAMP mice overall survival was evaluated.
Results: Enzalutamide mediated immunogenic modulation in TRAMP-C2 cells. In vivo, enzalutamide mediated reduced genitourinary tissue weight, enlargement of the thymus, and increased levels of T-cell excision circles. Because no changes were seen in T-cell function, as determined by CD4+ T-cell proliferation and regulatory T cell (Treg) functional assays, enzalutamide was determined to be immune inert. Enzalutamide did not diminish the ability of Twist-vaccine to generate Twist-specific immunity. Twist was confirmed as a valid tumor antigen in TRAMP mice by immunohistochemistry. The combination of enzalutamide and Twist-vaccine resulted in significantly increased overall survival of TRAMP mice compared with other treatment groups (27.5 vs. 10.3 weeks). Notably, the effectiveness of the combination therapy increased with disease stage, i.e., the greatest survival benefit was seen in mice with advanced-stage prostate tumors.
Conclusions: These data support the combination of enzalutamide and immunotherapy as a promising treatment strategy for CRPC. Clin Cancer Res; 19(22); 6205–18. ©2013 AACR.
EGFR Inhibition Induces Proinflammatory Cytokines via NOX4 in HNSCC
Authors: Fletcher Elise V.M. , Love-Homan Laurie , Sobhakumari Arya , Feddersen Charlotte R. , Koch Adam T. , Goel Apollina , Simons Andrean L. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Chronic inflammation plays a fundamental role in tumor promotion, migration, and invasion. With the use of microarray profiling, a profound increase was observed for those transcripts involved in proinflammatory signaling in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor–treated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells as compared with their respective controls. As such, it was hypothesized that EGFR inhibitor efficacy is offset by the proinflammatory response that these therapeutics conjure in HNSCC. Systematic evaluation of the clinical EGFR inhibitors—erlotinib, cetuximab, lapatinib, and panitumumab—revealed increased secretion of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukins (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, TNF-α, and IFN-γ. Mechanistic focus on IL-6 revealed that erlotinib induced a time-dependent increase in IL-6 mRNA and protein expression. Importantly, exogenous IL-6 protected HNSCC cells from erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity, whereas tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, sensitized cells to erlotinib in vitro and in vivo. Inhibitors of NF-κB, p38, and JNK suppressed erlotinib-induced IL-6 expression, suggesting critical roles for NF-κB and MAPK in IL-6 regulation. Furthermore, knockdown of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) suppressed erlotinib-induced proinflammatory cytokine expression. Taken together, these results demonstrate that clinical EGFR inhibitors induce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines via NOX4.
Implications: The antitumor activity of EGFR inhibitors is reduced by activation of NOX4-mediated proinflammatory pathways in HNSCC. Mol Cancer Res; 11(12); 1574–84. ©2013 AACR.
Age-and sex-specific seasonal variation of venous thromboembolism in patients with and without family history: a nationwide family study in Sweden
Authors: Li Xinjun , Ohlsson Henrik , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina , Zöller Bengt 
Published: September 2013

SummarySeasonal variation in venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in individuals with familial predisposition to VTE has not been explored. This nationwide study aimed to determine whether there are age- and sex-specific seasonal differences in risk of hospitalisation of VTE among individuals with and without a family history of VTE. The Swedish Multi-Generation Register was linked to Hospital Discharge Register data for the period 1964–2010. Seasonal variation in first VTE events in 1987–2010 for individuals with and without a family history of VTE (siblings or parents) was determined by several independent methods. Stratified analyses were performed according to age, sex, and VTE subtype (pulmonary embolism [PE] or deep venous thrombosis [DVT]). Seasonal variation in VTE incidence, mostly with a peak during the winter, was observed in both sexes in individuals with and without family history with overall peak-to-low ratios (PLRs) of 1.15 and 1.21, respectively. The peak day was December 25 and February 1 for those with and without a family history of VTE, respectively. Seasonal variation was strongest among individuals aged >50 years. Among individuals aged 0–25 years with a family history, the peak for VTE was in July (PLR = 1.20). Significant seasonal variation was observed for PE and DVT with the exception of DVT among those with a family history (PLR = 1.01). In conclusion, our data support the presence of a modest seasonal variation of VTE among individuals with and without a family history of VTE. However, young age and family history may modify and attenuate the effect of season on VTE.