bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rust disease of eucalypts, caused by Puccinia psidii, did not originate via host jump from guava in Brazil
Authors: Graça Rodrigo N. , Ross‐Davis Amy L. , Klopfenstein Ned B. , Kim Mee‐Sook , Peever Tobin L. , Cannon Phil G. , Aun Cristina P. , Mizubuti Eduardo S. G. , Alfenas Acelino C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe rust fungus, Puccinia psidii, is a devastating pathogen of introduced eucalypts (Eucalyptus spp.) in Brazil where it was first observed in 1912. This pathogen is hypothesized to be endemic to South and Central America and to have first infected eucalypts via a host jump from native guava (Psidium guajava). Ten microsatellite markers were used to genotype 148 P. psidii samples from eucalypts and guava plus five additional myrtaceous hosts across a wide geographic range of south‐eastern Brazil and Uruguay. Principal coordinates analysis, a Bayesian clustering analysis and a minimum‐spanning network revealed two major genetic clusters among the sampled isolates, one associated with guava and another associated with eucalypts and three additional hosts. Multilocus genotypes infecting guava differed by multiple mutational steps at eight loci compared with those infecting eucalypts. Approximate Bayesian computation revealed that evolutionary scenarios involving a coalescence event between guava‐ and eucalypt‐associated pathogen populations within the past 1000 years are highly unlikely. None of the analyses supported the hypothesis that eucalypt‐infecting P. psidii in Brazil originated via host jump from guava following the introduction of eucalypts to Brazil approximately 185 years ago. The existence of host‐associated biotypes of P. psidii in Brazil indicates that this diversity must be considered when assessing the invasive threat posed by this pathogen to myrtaceous hosts worldwide.
Diet of the insectivorous batPipistrellus nathusiiduring autumn migration and summer residence
Authors: Krüger Frauke , Clare Elizabeth L. , Symondson William O. C. , Keišs Oskars , Pētersons Gunārs 
Published: October 2013

AbstractMigration is widespread among vertebrates, yet bat migration has received little attention and only in the recent decades has a better understanding of it been gained. Migration can cause significant changes in behaviour and physiology, due to increasing energy demands and aerodynamic constraints. Dietary shifts, for example, have been shown to occur in birds before onset of migration. For bats, it is not known if a change in diet occurs during migration, although breeding season–related dietary preference has been documented. It is known that a diet rich in fats and the accumulation of fat deposits do increase the flight range of migratory bats. Some bat species can be regarded as long‐distance migrants, covering up to 2000 km between summer and winter roosting areas.Pipistrellus nathusii(Vespertilionidae), aEuropean long‐distant migrant, travels each year along theBalticSea from north‐easternEurope to hibernate in central and southernEurope. This study presents data on the dietary habits of migratingPipistrellus nathusiicompared with those during the breeding season. We analysed faecal samples from bats on fall migration caught at theOrnithologicalFieldStation inPape,Latvia and from samples collected inNorth‐Latvian summer roosts. We applied both morphological identification and molecular methods, as morphological methods also recognize life stages of prey and can contribute frequency data. The diets of bats on migration and breeding bats were similar, withDiptera andLepidoptera comprising the major prey categories. However, certain prey groups could be explained by the different hunting habitats exploited during migration vs. summer residence.
Genetic consequences of breaking migratory traditions in barnacle geese Branta leucopsis
Authors: Jonker R. M. , Kraus R. H. S. , Zhang Q. , van Hooft P. , Larsson K. , van der Jeugd H. P. , Kurvers R. H. J. M. , van Wieren S. E. , Loonen M. J. J. E. , Crooijmans R. P. M. A. , Ydenberg R. C. , Groenen M. A. M. , Prins H. H. T. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCultural transmission of migratory traditions enables species to deal with their environment based on experiences from earlier generations. Also, it allows a more adequate and rapid response to rapidly changing environments. When individuals break with their migratory traditions, new population structures can emerge that may affect gene flow. Recently, the migratory traditions of the Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis changed, and new populations differing in migratory distance emerged. Here, we investigate the population genetic structure of the Barnacle Goose to evaluate the consequences of altered migratory traditions. We used a set of 358 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers to genotype 418 individuals from breeding populations in Greenland, Spitsbergen, Russia, Sweden and the Netherlands, the latter two being newly emerged populations. We used discriminant analysis of principal components, FST, linkage disequilibrium and a comparison of geneflow models using migrate‐n to show that there is significant population structure, but that relatively many pairs of SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium, suggesting recent admixture between these populations. Despite the assumed traditions of migration within populations, we also show that genetic exchange occurs between all populations. The newly established nonmigratory population in the Netherlands is characterized by high emigration into other populations, which suggests more exploratory behaviour, possibly as a result of shortened parental care. These results suggest that migratory traditions in populations are subject to change in geese and that such changes have population genetic consequences. We argue that the emergence of nonmigration probably resulted from developmental plasticity.
Differences in the Skin‐Surface Laser Doppler Signals Between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Normal Subjects
Authors: Hsiu Hsin , Hsu Wei‐Chen , Wu Yi‐Fan , Hsu Chia‐Liang , Chen Chih‐Yu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundWomen with PCOS may present abnormal hemodynamic alterations and thus may develop vascular damage. This study performed LDF measurements on the skin surface around the leg to verify if beat‐to‐beat waveform and spectral analysis can help to discriminate the MBF characteristics between PCOS and healthy subjects.MethodsECG and LDF signals were obtained noninvasively in PCOS (n = 16) and control (n = 8) subjects. Beat‐to‐beat waveform and spectral analysis was performed on the LDF signals to obtain the AD, FDT, FRT, and REC of five frequency bands.ResultsFRT was significantly larger, AD was significantly smaller, REC of the myogenic‐related band was significantly smaller and REC of the heartbeat‐related band was significantly larger in the PCOS than in the control subjects.ConclusionThis study is the first to reveal that time‐domain waveform and spectral analysis performed on skin‐surface LDF signals can be used to discriminate the differences in the MBF perfusion condition and the microcirculatory regulatory activities at local vascular beds between PCOS and healthy subjects. These findings may aid the noninvasive early detection of PCOS‐induced vascular damage.
The lipid II flippase RodA determines morphology and growth in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Sieger Boris , Schubert Karin , Donovan Catriona , Bramkamp Marc 
Published: October 2013

SummaryLipid II flippases play an essential role in cell growth and the maintenance of cell shape in many rod‐shaped bacteria. The putative lipid II flippase RodA is an integral membrane protein and member of the SEDS (shape, elongation, division and sporulation) protein family. In contrast to its homologues in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis little is known about the role of RodA in actinobacteria. In this study, we describe the localization and function of RodA in Corynebacterium glutamicum, a rod‐shaped, apically growing actinobacterium. RodA‐GFP localizes exclusively at the cell poles. Surprisingly, time‐lapse microscopy revealed that apical cell growth is sustained in a rodA deletion strain. However, growth rates and antibiotic susceptibility are altered. In the absence of RodA, it appears that apical growth is driven by lateral diffusion of lipid II that is likely flipped by the septal flippase, FtsW. Furthermore, we applied a previously described synthetic in vivo system in combination with FRET to identify an interaction between C. glutamicum RodA and the polar growth organizing protein DivIVA.
Structural and mechanistic insights into collagen degradation by a bacterial collagenolytic serine protease in the subtilisin family
Authors: Ran Li‐Yuan , Su Hai‐Nan , Zhao Guo‐Yan , Gao Xiang , Zhou Ming‐Yang , Wang Peng , Zhao Hui‐Lin , Xie Bin‐Bin , Zhang Xi‐Ying , Chen Xiu‐Lan , Zhou Bai‐Cheng , Zhang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: October 2013

SummaryA number of proteases in the subtilisin family derived from environmental or pathogenic microorganisms have been reported to be collagenolytic serine proteases. However, their collagen degradation mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the degradation mechanism of type I collagen fibres by the S8 collagenolytic protease MCP‐01, from Pseudoalteromonas sp. SM9913, was studied. Atomic force microscopy observation and biochemical analysis confirmed that MCP‐01 progressively released single fibrils from collagen fibres and released collagen monomers from fibrils mainly by hydrolysing proteoglycans and telopeptides in the collagen fibres. Structural and mutational analyses indicated that an enlarged substrate‐binding pocket, mainly composed of loops 7, 9 and 11, is necessary for collagen recognition and that the acidic and aromatic residues on these loops form a negatively charged, hydrophobic environment for collagen binding. MCP‐01 displayed a non‐strict preference for peptide bonds with Pro or basic residues at the P1 site and/or Gly at the P1’ site in collagen. His211 is a key residue for the P1‐basic‐residue preference of MCP‐01. Our study gives structural and mechanistic insights into collagen degradation of the S8 collagenolytic protease, which is helpful in developing therapeutics for diseases with S8 collagenolytic proteases as pathogenic factors and in studying environmental organic nitrogen degradation mechanisms.
Transcriptional coupling of DNA repair in sporulating Bacillus subtilis cells
Authors: Ramírez‐Guadiana Fernando H. , del Carmen Barajas‐Ornelas Rocío , Ayala‐García Víctor M. , Yasbin Ronald E. , Robleto Eduardo , Pedraza‐Reyes Mario 
Published: October 2013

SummaryIn conditions of halted or limited genome replication, like those experienced in sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis, a more immediate detriment caused by DNA damage is altering the transcriptional programme that drives this developmental process. Here, we report that mfd, which encodes a conserved bacterial protein that mediates transcription‐coupled DNA repair (TCR), is expressed together with uvrA in both compartments of B. subtilis sporangia. The function of Mfd was found to be important for processing the genetic damage during B. subtilis sporulation. Disruption of mfd sensitized developing spores to mitomycin‐C (M‐C) treatment and UV‐C irradiation. Interestingly, in non‐growing sporulating cells, Mfd played an anti‐mutagenic role as its absence promoted UV‐induced mutagenesis through a pathway involving YqjH/YqjW‐mediated translesion synthesis (TLS). Two observations supported the participation of Mfd‐dependent TCR in spore morphogenesis: (i) disruption of mfd notoriously affected the efficiency of B. subtilis sporulation and (ii) in comparison with the wild‐type strain, a significant proportion of Mfd‐deficient sporangia that survived UV‐C treatment developed an asporogenous phenotype. We propose that the Mfd‐dependent repair pathway operates during B. subtilis sporulation and that its function is required to eliminate genetic damage from transcriptionally active genes.
Co‐ordinate synthesis and protein localization in a bacterial organelle by the action of a penicillin‐binding‐protein
Authors: Hughes H. Velocity , Lisher John P. , Hardy Gail G. , Kysela David T. , Arnold Randy J. , Giedroc David P. , Brun Yves V. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryOrganelles with specialized form and function occur in diverse bacteria. Within the Alphaproteobacteria, several species extrude thin cellular appendages known as stalks, which function in nutrient uptake, buoyancy and reproduction. Consistent with their specialization, stalks maintain a unique molecular composition compared with the cell body, but how this is achieved remains to be fully elucidated. Here we dissect the mechanism of localization of StpX, a stalk‐specific protein in Caulobacter crescentus. Using a forward genetics approach, we identify a penicillin‐binding‐protein, PbpC, which is required for the localization of StpX in the stalk. We show that PbpC acts at the stalked cell pole to anchor StpX to rigid components of the outer membrane of the elongating stalk, concurrent with stalk synthesis. Stalk‐localized StpX in turn functions in cellular responses to copper and zinc, suggesting that the stalk may contribute to metal homeostasis in Caulobacter. Together, these results identify a novel role for a penicillin‐binding‐protein in compartmentalizing a bacterial organelle it itself helps create, raising the possibility that cell wall‐synthetic enzymes may broadly serve not only to synthesize the diverse shapes of bacteria, but also to functionalize them at the molecular level.
Aligned Cycles in Thomas Adès's Piano Quintet
Authors: Stoecker Philip 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this article I investigate aligned cycles in Thomas Adès's Piano Quintet, Op. 20. First identified by Berg in a letter to Schoenberg and later discussed by George Perle and Dave Headlam, an aligned cycle is the result of two or more interval cycles unfolding in the same direction in a note‐against‐note alignment – for example, a rising whole‐tone scale (an interval‐2 cycle) simultaneously with a rising chromatic scale (an interval‐1 cycle). I begin by exploring in more detail the theoretical properties of three‐voice aligned cycles and use concentric circles to show how these cyclic structures generate a closed, tight‐knit family of harmonies. I then reveal how Adès uses aligned cycles to provide harmonic, melodic and motivic material throughout his Quintet. These cyclic structures are combined not only with other kinds of cycles (one‐, two‐ and five‐voice, and multi‐aggregate) but also with the non‐cyclic material in the piece. Finally, I discuss how all the transformations of the different cycles function within the large‐scale formal design of the piece.
Cervical root stimulation in anti‐myelin associated glycoprotein) neuropathy
Authors: Souayah Nizar , Siao Tick Chong Peter 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe report a heretofore undescribed use of cervical root stimulation (CRS) in the evaluation of a patient with anti‐myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) neuropathy. A 62‐year‐old man developed progressive difficulty walking. His neurological examination was significant for an unsteady gait and mild weakness. Laboratory tests showed elevated anti‐MAG antibody. CRS showed proximal partial motor conduction block (CB) of the right radial nerve and bilateral ulnar nerves. CRS may be useful in the diagnosis of anti‐MAG neuropathy when the demyelinating process predominantly affects the proximal nerve segments of the upper extremities.
A new der(1;7)(q10;p10) leading to a singular 1p loss in a case of glioblastoma with oligodendroglioma component
Authors: Gadji Macoura , Crous‐Tsanaclis Ana‐Maria , Mathieu David , Mai Sabine , Fortin David , Drouin Régen 
Published: October 2013

The combined 1p‐/19q‐ deletions in oligodendrogliomas originate from translocation between both chromosomes. In the few cases of oligoastrocytomas and glioblastomas with an oligodendroglioma component (GBMO) where only 1p deletion was described, the origin remains unknown. We report the first case of GBMO, in which a single 1p deletion was detected and was linked to a translocation between chromosomes 1 and 7. Fresh surgical specimens were collected during surgery and the samples were used for cell culture, touch preparation smear slides (TP slides) and DNA extraction. Peripheral venous blood was also collected from the patient. G‐banding using Trypsin and stained with Giemsa (GTG) banding and karyotyping were performed and 1p‐/19q‐, TP53, PTEN and c‐MYC were analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Multicolor FISH (mFISH) and microsatellites analyses were also performed to complete the investigation. Three‐dimensional quantitative FISH (3D‐QFISH) of telomeres was performed on nuclei from TP slides and analyzed using TeloViewTM to determine whether the 3D telomere profile as an assessment of telomere dysfunction and a characterization of genomic instability could predict the disease aggressiveness. An unbalanced chromosomal translocation was found in all metaphases and confirmed by mFISH. The karyotype of the case is: 50∼99,XXX, +der(1;7)(q10;p10),inc[47]The derivative chromosome was found in all 47 analyzed cells, but the number of derivatives varied from one to four. There was neither imbalance in copy number for genes TP53 and PTEN, nor amplification of c‐MYC gene. We did not find loss of heterozygosity with analysis of microsatellite markers for chromosomes 1p and 19q in tumor cells. The 3D‐telomere profile predicted a very poor prognostic and short‐term survival of the patient and highlights the potential clinical power of telomere signatures as a solid biomarker of GBMO. Furthermore, this translocation between chromosomes 1 and 7 led to a singular 1p deletion in this GBMO and may generate the 1p and 7q deletions.
Acid reflux episodes sensitize the esophagus to perception of weakly acidic and mixed reflux in non‐erosive reflux disease patients
Authors: Emerenziani S. , Ribolsi M. , Guarino M. P. L. , Balestrieri P. , Altomare A. , Rescio M. P. , Cicala M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundNon‐erosive reflux disease (NERD) patients are more sensitive than erosive esophagitis patients to weakly acidic reflux and to the presence of gas in the refluxate. Intra‐esophageal acid perfusion sensitizes esophageal receptors to mechanical and chemical stimuli.MethodsTo establish whether acid sensitization plays a role in the perception of weakly acidic and mixed reflux episodes, 29 NERD patients, responders and 14 non‐responders to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), underwent pH‐impedance monitoring. Non‐responders repeated the study while on PPIs. To assess the effect of acid exposure on symptom perception, the time period with pH below 4 was measured in 15‐ and 30‐minute time‐windows preceding the onset of each reflux episode.Key ResultsConsidering weakly acidic and mixed refluxes, both in responder and non‐responder patients (off PPIs), the symptomatic refluxes were preceded by a significantly higher cumulative acid exposure than the asymptomatic refluxes. In all patients, following acid reflux, the percentage of symptomatic weakly acidic reflux episodes was significantly higher than that of asymptomatic refluxes. Non‐responder patients, off‐treatment, were characterized by a lower proportion of weakly acidic reflux and mixed reflux episodes. In the non‐responder patients on PPI, only mixed and weakly symptomatic reflux episodes were preceded by a higher cumulative acid exposure.Conclusions & InferencesIn NERD patients, spontaneous acid reflux enhances subsequent reflux perception, regardless of acidity or liquid/mixed composition of episodes; in non‐responder patients on PPIs, only the perception of mixed and weakly acidic reflux episodes seems to be mediated by a preceding acid exposure.
The pepper cysteine/histidine‐richDC1 domain proteinCaDC1 binds bothRNAandDNAand is required for plant cell death and defense response
Authors: Hwang In Sun , Choi Du Seok , Kim Nak Hyun , Kim Dae Sung , Hwang Byung Kook 
Published: October 2013

SummaryPlant defense against microbial pathogens is coordinated by a complex regulatory network. Cysteine/histidine‐richDC1 domain proteins mediate a variety of cellular processes involved in plant growth, development and stress responses.We identified a pepper (Capsicum annuum) cysteine/histidine‐richDC1 domain protein gene,CaDC1, which positively regulates plant defense during microbial infection, based on gene silencing and transient expression in pepper, as well as ectopic expression inArabidopsis.Induction ofCaDC1by avirulentXanthomonas campestrispvvesicatoria(Xcv) infection was pronounced at both transcriptional and translational levels in pepper leaves. PurifiedCaDC1 protein bound to bothDNAandRNAin vitro, especially in the presence ofZn2+.CaDC1 was localized to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, which was required for plant cell death signaling. The nuclear localization ofCaDC1 was dependent on the divergentC1 (DC1) domain.CaDC1silencing in pepper conferred increased susceptibility toXcvinfection, which was accompanied by reduced salicylic acid accumulation and defense‐related gene expression. Ectopic expression ofCaDC1inArabidopsis enhanced resistance toHyaloperonospora arabidopsidis.CaDC1 binds bothRNAandDNAand functions as a positive regulator of plant cell death andSA‐dependent defense responses.
Reconstructing relative genome size of vascular plants through geological time
Authors: Lomax Barry H. , Hilton Jason , Bateman Richard M. , Upchurch Garland R. , Lake Janice A. , Leitch Ilia J. , Cromwell Avery , Knight Charles A. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe strong positive relationship evident between cell and genome size in both animals and plants forms the basis of using the size of stomatal guard cells as a proxy to track changes in plant genome size through geological time.We report for the first time a taxonomic fine‐scale investigation into changes in stomatal guard‐cell length and use these data to infer changes in genome size through the evolutionary history of land plants.Our data suggest that many of the earliest land plants had exceptionally large genome sizes and that a predicted overall trend of increasing genome size within individual lineages through geological time is not supported. However, maximum genome size steadily increases from theMississippian (c. 360 million yr ago (Ma)) to the present.We hypothesise that the functional relationship between stomatal size, genome size and atmosphericCO2may contribute to the dichotomy reported between preferential extinction of neopolyploids and the prevalence of palaeopolyploidy observed inDNAsequence data of extant vascular plants.