bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical management of paediatric chronic rhinosinusitis: review of 10 years' experience
Authors: Barakate M , Havas T 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjective:To assess the outcome of children with chronic rhinosinusitis who were managed surgically, over a 10-year study period.Method:From January 1999 to December 2008 inclusive, 136 children diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis underwent surgery following unsuccessful medical treatment. The operations ranged from adenoidectomy to functional endoscopic sinus surgery.Results:The surgical procedures performed were: adenoidectomy (n = 69), antral washouts (n = 54), middle meatal antrostomy (n = 82), endoscopic ethmoidectomy (n = 66), nasal septal reconstruction (n = 10), and inferior turbinate outfracture (n = 23) or inferior turbinate reductions (n = 55). Follow-up duration ranged from 6 months to 9 years (average 3.2 years). Three patients required revision surgery: adenoidectomy in two patients and adenoidectomy with turbinate reductions in another.Conclusion:This study demonstrates the benefits of focused surgical treatment for paediatric chronic rhinosinusitis. Surgical treatment can be an appropriate and effective option for children with chronic rhinosinusitis when medical management is unsuccessful.
‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’: an fMRI study of adolescents with autism and their siblings
Authors: Holt R. J. , Chura L. R. , Lai M.-C. , Suckling J. , von dem Hagen E. , Calder A. J. , Bullmore E. T. , Baron-Cohen S. , Spencer M. D. 
Published: February 2014

Background.Mentalizing deficits are a hallmark of the autism spectrum condition (ASC) and a potential endophenotype for atypical social cognition in ASC. Differences in performance and neural activation on the ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ task (the Eyes task) have been identified in individuals with ASC in previous studies.Method.Performance on the Eyes task along with the associated neural activation was examined in adolescents with ASC (n = 50), their unaffected siblings (n = 40) and typically developing controls (n = 40). Based on prior literature that males and females with ASC display different cognitive and associated neural characteristics, analyses were stratified by sex. Three strategies were applied to test for endophenotypes at the level of neural activation: (1) identifying and locating conjunctions of ASC–control and sibling–control differences; (2) examining whether the sibling group is comparable to the ASC or intermediate between the ASC and control groups; and (3) examining spatial overlaps between ASC–control and sibling–control differences across multiple thresholds.Results.Impaired behavioural performance on the Eyes task was observed in males with ASC compared to controls, but only at trend level in females; and no difference in performance was identified between sibling and same-sex control groups in both sexes. Neural activation showed a substantial endophenotype effect in the female groups but this was only modest in the male groups.Conclusions.Behavioural impairment on complex emotion recognition associated with mental state attribution is a phenotypic, rather than an endophenotypic, marker of ASC. However, the neural response during the Eyes task is a potential endophenotypic marker for ASC, particularly in females.
Reappraising the long-term course and outcome of psychotic disorders: the AESOP-10 study
Authors: Morgan C. , Lappin J. , Heslin M. , Donoghue K. , Lomas B. , Reininghaus U. , Onyejiaka A. , Croudace T. , Jones P. B. , Murray R. M. , Fearon P. , Doody G. A. , Dazzan P. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundStudies of the long-term course and outcome of psychoses tend to focus on cohorts of prevalent cases. Such studies bias samples towards those with poor outcomes, which may distort our understanding of prognosis. Long-term follow-up studies of epidemiologically robust first-episode samples are rare.MethodAESOP-10 is a 10-year follow-up study of 557 individuals with a first episode of psychosis initially identified in two areas in the UK (South East London and Nottingham). Detailed information was collated on course and outcome in three domains (clinical, social and service use) from case records, informants and follow-up interviews.ResultsAt follow-up, of 532 incident cases identified, at baseline 37 (7%) had died, 29 (6%) had emigrated and eight (2%) were excluded. Of the remaining 458, 412 (90%) were traced and some information on follow-up was collated for 387 (85%). Most cases (265, 77%) experienced at least one period of sustained remission; at follow-up, 141 (46%) had been symptom free for at least 2 years. A majority (208, 72%) of cases had been employed for less than 25% of the follow-up period. The median number of hospital admissions, including at first presentation, was 2 [interquartile range (IQR) 1–4]; a majority (299, 88%) were admitted a least once and a minority (21, 6%) had 10 or more admissions. Overall, outcomes were worse for those with a non-affective diagnosis, for men and for those from South East London.ConclusionsSustained periods of symptom remission are usual following first presentation to mental health services for psychosis, including for those with a non-affective disorder; almost half recover.
“Big data” needs an analysis of decision processes
Authors: Analytis Pantelis P. , Moussaïd Mehdi , Artinger Florian , Kämmer Juliane E. , Gigerenzer Gerd 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe demonstrate by means of a simulation that the conceptual map presented by Bentley et al. is incomplete without taking into account people's decision processes. Within the same environment, two decision processes can generate strikingly different collective behavior; in two environments that fundamentally differ in transparency, a single process gives rise to virtually identical behavior.
Mapping collective behavior – beware of looping
Authors: Christen Markus , Brugger Peter 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe discuss ambiguities of the two main dimensions of the map proposed by Bentley and colleagues that relate to the degree of self-reflection the observed agents have upon their behavior. This self-reflection is a variant of the “looping effect” which denotes that, in social research, the product of investigation influences the object of investigation. We outline how this can be understood as a dimension of “height” in the map of Bentley et al.
Missing emotions: The Z-axis of collective behavior
Authors: García Alejandro N. , Torralba José M. , González Ana Marta 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBentley et al. bypass the relevance of emotions in decision-making, resulting in a possible over-simplification of behavioral types. We propose integrating emotions, both in the north–south axis (in relation to cognition) as well as in the west–east axis (in relation to social influence), by suggesting a Z-axis, in charge of registering emotional depth and involvement.
Alternative maps of the world of collective behaviors
Authors: MacCoun Robert J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractI compare the collective behavior map proposed by Bentley et al. (“BOB” for short) with a similar “balance of pressures” (BOP) map proposed by MacCoun (2012). The BOB and BOP maps have important points of convergence, but also some differences. The comparison suggests that they are analogous to different map “projections” for maps of Earth – different ways of simplifying a complex reality.
Bigger data for big data: From Twitter to brain–computer interfaces
Authors: Roesch Etienne B. , Stahl Frederic , Gaber Mohamed Medhat 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe are sympathetic with Bentley et al.’s attempt to encompass the wisdom of crowds in a generative model, but posit that a successful attempt at using big data will include more sensitive measurements, more varied sources of information, and will also build from the indirect information available through technology, from ancillary technical features to data from brain–computer interfaces.
Understanding social networks requires more than two dimensions
Authors: Ruths Derek , Shultz Thomas 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe proposed framework is insufficient to categorize and understand current evidence on decision making. There are some ambiguities in the questions asked that require additional distinctions between correctness and accuracy, decision making and learning, accuracy and confidence, and social influence and empowerment. Social learning techniques are not all the same: Behavior copying is quite different from theory passing. Sigmoidal acquisition curves are not unique to social learning and are often mistaken for other accelerating curves.
Mapping collective emotions to make sense of collective behavior
Authors: Taquet Maxime , Quoidbach Jordi , de Montjoye Yves-Alexandre , Desseilles Martin 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWhile Bentley et al.’s model is very appealing, in this commentary we argue that researchers interested in big data and collective behavior, including the way humans make decisions, must account for the emotional factor. We investigate how daily choice of activities is influenced by emotions. Results indicate that mood significantly predicts people's decisions about what to do next, stressing the importance of emotional state on decision-making.
Differences in foraging times between two feeding guilds within Old World fruit bats (Pteropodidae) in southern Thailand
Authors: Stewart Alyssa B. , Makowsky Robert , Dudash Michele R. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract:Bats are important but understudied pollinators in the Palaeotropics, and much about their interactions with night-blooming, bat-pollinated plant species is still unknown. We compared visitation times to flowering and fruiting plant resources by nectarivorous bat species (obligate pollinators) and frugi-nectarivorous bat species (facultative pollinators) throughout the night to examine the temporal variability that occurs within Pteropodidae foraging. Timing of pollination is an important determinant of plant reproductive success and more temporally restrictive than fruit dispersal. We netted 179 nectarivorous bats and 209 frugi-nectarivorous bats across 367 total mist-net h at five plant species providing floral resources and six plant species providing fruit resources. We found that all three nectarivorous bat species in southern Thailand forage significantly earlier in the evening (20h30 versus 22h00), and over a significantly shorter time interval (1.73 h versus 3.33 h), than do the five most commonly netted frugi-nectarivorous species. These results indicate that the two feeding guilds may be imposing different selective pressures on bat-pollinated plant species and may comprise different functional groups. We propose that the observed differences in bat foraging times are due to temporal constraints imposed by the rewards of the plant species that they visit.
Predictors of functional response and remission with desvenlafaxine 50 mg/d in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Soares Claudio N. , Endicott Jean , Boucher Matthieu , Fayyad Rana S. , Guico-Pabia Christine J. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundThe predictive value of early functional improvement for treatment success at week 8 was assessed in a pooled analysis in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsData were pooled from 7 double-blind studies in adult patients with MDD randomly assigned to desvenlafaxine 50 mg/d or placebo. Four levels of treatment success were determined at week 8 for patients with baseline Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS) score > 12 (N = 2156): functional response (SDS ≤12 and ≥50% improvement in SDS), functional/depression response (SDS ≤12 and ≥50% improvement in both SDS and 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression [HAM-D17] score), functional remission (SDS < 7), and functional/depression remission (SDS < 7 and HAM-D17 ≤7). Week 2 improvement in SDS was evaluated as a predictor of later functional response/remission using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) of the predictability of improvement thresholds were computed from a logistic regression model.ResultsThe proportion of patients achieving each level of treatment success was significantly greater for patients treated with desvenlafaxine (40%, 32%, 23%, 15%, respectively) vs placebo (31%, 22%, 17%, 10%; all P ≤ 0.002). Early change in SDS was a highly significant predictor of functional response/remission (ORs, 0.958–0.970; all P < 0.0001).DiscussionPatients’ early functional response to desvenlafaxine 50 mg/d is predictive of treatment success.
Positive orientation: explorations on what is common to life satisfaction, self-esteem, and optimism
Authors: Caprara Gian Vittorio , Steca Patrizia , Alessandri Guido , Abela John R. , McWhinnie Chad M. 
Published: February 2014

Aim– Literature documents that the judgments people hold about themselves, their life, and their future are important ingredients of their psychological functioning and well-being, and are commonly related to each other.Methods– We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) under the classical test theory, regression analysis, and a cross national design.Results– This study provides new findings attesting to the hypothesis that evaluations about oneself, one's life, and one's future rest on a common mode of viewing experiences which we named “Positive Orientation”.Conclusions– Results from an Italian and a Canadian study are resented, attesting to a latent dimension that lies at the core of positive evaluations and that corroborates the utility of the new construct as a critical component of individuals’ well-functioning.Declaration of Interest:This study was partially supported by Grants from the MIUR, 2002 and 2005, and by a Grant from the University of Rome “La Sapienza”, 2002 to Gian Vittorio Caprara. Authors declare “no potential conflict of interest”.
Can Micro-Gestural Inflections Be Used to Improve the Soniculatory Effectiveness of Parameter Mapping Sonifications?
Authors: Worrall David 
Published: February 2014

Parameter mapping sonification is the most widely used technique for representing multi-dimensional data in sound. However, it is known to be unreliable when used for detecting information in some types of data. This is generally thought to be the result of the co-dependency of the psychoacoustic dimensions used in the mapping.Positing its perceptual basis in a theory of embodied cognition, the most common approach to overcoming this limitation involves techniques that afford the interactive exploration of the data using gross body gestures. In some circumstances, such exploration is not possible and, even when it is, it may be neither necessary nor sufficient.This article explores some other possible reasons for the unreliability of parameter mapping sonification and, drawing from the experience of expressive musical performance, suggests that the problem lies not in the parametric approachper se, nor in the lack of interactivity, but in the extent to which the parameters employed contribute to coherent gestalts. A method for how this might be achieved that relies on the use of micro-gestural information is proposed. While this is speculative, the use of such gestural inflections is well known in music performance, is supported by findings in neuroscience and lends itself to empirical testing.
Audification and Non-Standard Synthesis inConstruction in Self
Authors: Ikeshiro Ryo 
Published: February 2014

The author'sConstruction in Self(2009) belongs to the interdisciplinary context of auditory display/music. Its use of data at audio rate could be described as both audification and non-standard synthesis. The possibilities of audio-rate data use and the relation between the above descriptions are explored, and then used to develop a conceptual and theoretical basis of the work.Vickers and Hogg's term ‘indexicality’ is used to contrast audio with control rate. The conceptual implications of its use within the digital medium and the possibility for the formation of higher-order structures are discussed. Grond and Hermann's notion of ‘familiarity’ is used to illustrate the difference between audification and non-standard synthesis, and the contexts of auditory display and music respectively. Familiarity is given as being determined by Dombois and Eckel's categories of data. Kubisch'sElectrical Walks, Xenakis's GENDYN and the audification of seismograms are used as examples. Bogost's concept of the alien is introduced, and its relevance to the New Aesthetic and Algorave are discussed. Sound examples fromConstruction in Selfare used to demonstrate the varying levels of familiarity or noise possible and suggested as providing a way of bridging the divide between institutional and underground electronic music.
Financial literacy and financial sophistication in the older population
Authors: LUSARDI ANNAMARIA , MITCHELL OLIVIA S. , CURTO VILSA 
Published: February 2014

AbstractUsing a special-purpose module implemented in the Health and Retirement Study, we evaluate financial sophistication in the American population over the age of 50. We combine several financial literacy questions into an overall index to highlight which questions best capture financial sophistication and examine the sensitivity of financial literacy responses to framing effects. Results show that many older respondents are not financially sophisticated: they fail to grasp essential aspects of risk diversification, asset valuation, portfolio choice, and investment fees. Subgroups with notable deficits include women, the least educated, non-Whites, and those age 75+. In view of the fact that retirees increasingly must take on responsibility for their own retirement security, such meager levels of knowledge have potentially serious and negative implications.
Deep ocean carbonate ion increase during mid Miocene CO2 decline
Authors: Kender Sev , Yu Jimin , Peck Victoria L. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCharacterised by long term cooling and abrupt ice sheet expansion on Antarctica ~14 Ma ago, the mid Miocene marked the beginning of the modern ice-house world, yet there is still little consensus on its causes, in part because carbon cycle dynamics are not well constrained. In particular, changes in carbonate ion concentration ([CO32−]) in the ocean, the largest carbon reservoir of the ocean-land-atmosphere system, are poorly resolved. We use benthic foraminiferal B/Ca ratios to reconstruct relative changes in [CO32−] from the South Atlantic, East Pacific and Southern Oceans. Our results suggest an increase of perhaps ~40 μmol/kg may have occurred between ~15 and 14 Ma in intermediate to deep waters in each basin. This long-term increase suggests elevated alkalinity input, perhaps from the Himalaya, rather than other shorter-term mechanisms such as ocean circulation or ecological changes and may account for some of the proposed atmospheric CO2 decline before ~14 Ma.
High-κ Al2O3 material in low temperature wafer-level bonding for 3D integration application
Authors: Fan J. , Tu L. C. , Tan C. S. 
Published: February 2014

This work systematically investigated a high-κ Al2O3 material for low temperature wafer-level bonding for potential applications in 3D microsystems. A clean Si wafer with an Al2O3 layer thickness of 50 nm was applied as our experimental approach. Bonding was initiated in a clean room ambient after surface activation, followed by annealing under inert ambient conditions at 300 °C for 3 h. The investigation consisted of three parts: a mechanical support study using the four-point bending method, hermeticity measurements using the helium bomb test, and thermal conductivity analysis for potential heterogeneous bonding. Compared with samples bonded using a conventional oxide bonding material (SiO2), a higher interfacial adhesion energy (∼11.93 J/m2) and a lower helium leak rate (∼6.84 × 10−10 atm.cm3/sec) were detected for samples bonded using Al2O3. More importantly, due to the excellent thermal conductivity performance of Al2O3, this technology can be used in heterogeneous direct bonding, which has potential applications for enhancing the performance of Si photonic integrated devices.
La linguistique générale de Ferdinand de Saussure: Textes et retour aux textes
Authors: Bouquet Simon 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThere is talk these days of a ‘return to Saussure’, and we may do well to ask ourselves in what sense this ‘return’ should be understood, given the complex editorial history of Saussure’s ideas concerning ‘general linguistics’. Should this be in terms of rereading the 1916 text established by Bally and Sechehaye or based on largely unknown, only partially published texts? This and related questions, the author holds, can only be answered by revisiting the history of the composition of theCours de linguistique générale. In the present paper, a presentation of the available texts and their editions is made before the conclusion is being drawn that a ‘return to Saussure’ today should be undertaken in terms of content.RésuméOn parle aujourd’hui d’un ‘retour à Saussure’. Comment cette expression doit-elle s’entendre au regard de l’histoire éditoriale complexe des textes saussuriens de linguistique générale? Comme un retour à des idées de Saussure que l’on a connues grâce auCours de linguistique générale? ou comme un retour à des textes pour partie méconnus, pour partie inédits? Répondre à ces questions implique de revenir sur la singulière histoire éditoriale en question. C’est ce que fait cet article, en présentant à la fois le corpus des textes disponibles et l’histoire de leur éditions, avant d’évoquer sur ce que pourrait ètre un retour à Saussure, aujourd’hui, en termes de contenus.ZusammenfassungWenn heutzutage von einem ‘Zurück zu Saussure’ die Rede ist, dann stellt sich die Frage, wie dies angesichts der komplexen editorischen Geschichte der Saussure-Texte über Fragen der Allgemeinen Sprachwissenschaft zu verstehen ist, als Zurück zu den Ideen Saussures, so wie wir sie demCours de linguistique généraleentnehmen konnten, oder aber als ein Zurück zu, teilweise mißverstandenen, teilweise sogar unpublizierten Texten? Eine Antwort auf diese Fragen erfordert jedenfalls eine Zurück zur der einzigartigen editorischen Geschichte eben dieser Texte. Und darum geht es in dem vorstehenden Artikel, der nicht nur einen Überblick über die im Druck verfügbaren Texte bietet, sondern auch über die Geschichte dieser Editionen, bevor eine Antwort auf die Frage versucht wird, was denn die ‘Rückkehr zu Saussure’ sein könnte, namentlich im Hinblick auf die vermittelten Inhalte.