bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogel formation from the concentrated aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol
Authors: Sakaguchi Tomoyo , Hyon Suong-Hyu , Matsumura Kazuaki 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTPhysically crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels with high mechanical properties can be made by a low temperature crystallization method using a mixed solvent of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and water. Such hydrogels are studied as the artificial articular cartilage material. But DMSO shows cytotoxycity, and it is also have the effect of accelerating the absorption of harmful substances. Therefore completely elimination must be required for clinical application but the process is difficult.However, PVA hydrogel made by water as a sole solvent by freeze-thawing method became cloudy because of micro-heterogeneous structure, and shows low mechanical properties.Therefore, in this study, we developed the novel hot pressing method for preparing transparent and uniformly cross-linked PVA hydrogels without DMSO from highly concentrated aqueous solution. By this method, PVA hydrogels with high mechanical property and high transparency can be obtained without any harmful organic solvent because of the fast crystallization even at room temperature. The mechanical properties of PVA hydrogels were remarkably depended on their water contents after gelation, regardless of solution concentration.
Freezing Assisted Protein Delivery by Using Polymeric Cryoprotectant
Authors: AHMED Sana , MATSUMURA Kazuaki 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTA number of drug carrier systems such as liposomes, polymeric-nanoparticles, microparticles, polymeric micelles have been investigated for intracellular delivery. Among these liposomes are the potential drug vehicles for efficient cytosolic delivery. They have an adhesive property for cell membrane to encapsulate the drug or protein effectively and showing the enhanced absorption rate. One of the problems could be the difficulty of incorporation of the drug or protein into cell. Therefore many studies of the drug carriers have been developed to enhance the intracellular delivery of materials. Here we propose the novel method to improve the intracellular uptaking by using freeze concentration. Solutes are excluded from ice crystallization and concentrated in the remaining solution during freezing by freezing concentration. We have reported that polymeric cryoprotectant which is carboxylated poly-L-lysine was adsorbed on to the cell membrane during freezing and caused effective freeze concentration. In this study we investigated that delivery of protein effectively taking place by liposome as a carrier agent. It was successfully delivered protein to L929 cells via freeze concentration using polymeric cryoprotectant as a novel drug delivery.
Development of iron-base composite materials with high thermal conductivity for DEMO
Authors: Homma H. , Hashimoto N. , Ohnuki S. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTOne of the critical issues for development of the nuclear fusion demonstration reactor (DEMO) is the high heat flux on heat-resistant equipments, especially the blanket and divertor. Materials of such equipments require relatively high thermal conductivities. In this study, we developed iron-based composite materials with carbon nanotube (CNT) and copper, which have high thermal diffusivities, by means of Hot Pressing (HP) and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS).The thermal diffusivity in the iron/CNT composites was not high enough compared with that of pure iron, while iron/copper composite showed a relatively high thermal diffusivity in the joining conditions. One of the reasons not to be improved thermal diffusivity could be non-mono-dispersion of CNT by the formation of carbides in the matrix.
Changes in Danish public attitudes and norms regarding alcohol consumption and alcohol policy, 1985-2011
Authors: Elmeland Karen , Villumsen Susanne 
Published: January 2014

Aims To describe and explain changes in public opinions regarding alcohol consumption and policy in Denmark in recent decades. Since the late 1990s Danish alcohol policy has become more restrictive, and alcohol consumption has decreased. Methods and Data Five national surveys and one Nordic survey (1985, 1989, 1994, 1997/98, 2002 and 2011) were reviewed, and the data regarding attitudes towards alcohol consumption and alcohol political questions were identified and compared. Results Although Danes perceive the total alcohol consumption to be rather high, there is no support for a more restrictive alcohol policy. Conclusions There is no clear direction regarding the development of attitudes toward different alcohol political questions over time. There is no support for the regulation of alcohol price or availability. Danes seem to view alcohol consumption as a private issue that requires self-control and self-discipline more than political intervention.
Proinsulin level as a predictor of metabolic syndrome in the romanian population
Authors: Ateia Simona , Rusu Emilia , Ateia Shadia , Cristescu Vasilică , Enache Georgiana , Costache Adrian , Radulian Gabriela , Cheţa Dan Mircea 
Published: January 2014

Abstract Background and Aims: The aim of the present study was to determine discriminating values of proinsulin (FPP), proinsulin to insulin ratio (PIR), proinsulin to C-peptide ratio (PCPR) and Homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) for the metabolic syndrome (MetS) as well as discovering sex-specific cutoff points of these parameters in the Romanian population. Material and Methods: We analyzed data from 224 patients. Circulating levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), FPP, fasting plasma C-peptide, HbA1c, and lipid profile were measured. Results: Among the 224 patients (87 males) MetS was diagnosed in 97 patients (43.3%) according to International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria. After stratification by gender, 43 men (49.4%) and 54 women (39.4%) had MetS. There were statistically significant differences between sexes for body mass index (BMI), % body fat, FPG, FPP, PIR, PCPR (all p<0.05). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, only age, BMI, FPP, and HOMA-IR were the independent factors associated with the presence of MetS. Conclusions: The present study showed that FPP and HOMA-IR were the best predictors for MetS in this sample of the Romanian population. Our results suggest that, regardless of gender, HOMA-IR and FPP could be the preferred parameters for predicting MetS.
Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from diabetic foot ulcers. Identification of the antibiotic resistant phenotypes
Authors: Chiţă Teodora , Muntean Delia , Badiţoiu Luminiţa , Timar Bogdan , Moldovan Roxana , Timar Romulus , Licker Monica 
Published: January 2014

Abstract Background and aims: Infected foot ulcer is one of the most feared complications of diabetes mellitus. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently isolated pathogen in diabetic foot infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of S. aureus strains involved in producing foot infections in diabetic patients and the antibiotic resistance pattern of these strains. Material and methods: The study included 33 S. aureus strains isolated from 55 diabetic foot ulcers. The subjects were selected from the 2465 patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized in the Timişoara Diabetes Clinic, between 2011 and 2013. Germs’ identification relied on cultural and biochemical characteristics. Final identification and antimicrobial testing were performed using the Vitek 2 (Bio Merieux France) automatic analyzer. Results: All the 55 samples collected from diabetic foot ulcers were positive. We isolated 64 bacterial strains (some samples were positive for 2 microorganisms). The most frequently isolated germ was S. aureus, in 33 samples (51.56%). All these S. aureus strains showed resistance to benzylpenicillin, while only 33.33% were methicillin-resistant (MRSA). Conclusions: The most frequently isolated germ in the wound secretions from diabetic foot ulcers was S. aureus. The highest percentage of antimicrobial resistance was recorded to benzylpenicillin and erythromycin.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity in newly discovered diabetic patients
Authors: Carniciu Simona , Caceaune Elena , Mihai Andrada , Zetu Cornelia , Ionescu-Tîrgovişte Constantin 
Published: January 2014

Abstract Background and aims. The aim of this paper was to make a comparison between the main clinical characteristics (especially age at onset and body mass index - BMI) of newly diagnosed diabetic patients based on the analysis of our current data, our previous data and data from international literature. Materials and method. We analyzed a cohort of 1463 (757 males and 706 females) recorded between 2010-2012 and compared it with the previous cohorts of diabetic patients belonging to the same “Ion Pavel” Diabetes Centre, Bucharest and whose characteristics were published along the years. We divided patients according to age, sex and type of diabetes. Results. Our data showed that the main clinical characteristics (the decrease of the age at onset and the increase in BMI) in the recent cohort of diabetic patients can be related to the lifestyle changes and the increased prevalence of overweight and obesity in the general population. Conclusions. The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes is closely related with a negative effect of overweight on the β-cell function, suggesting that prevention of diabetes must be based on a decrease in BMI induced by an appropriate change in the modern pathogenic lifestyle.
Hard porous chromium containing macrospheres as new catalysts for the esterification reaction of acetic acid with epichlorohydrin
Authors: Muresan Emil , Drobota Mioara , Bargan Alexandra , Dumitriu Corina 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper reports a systematic study on the preparation, characterization and testing of metallosilicate macrobeads that contain chromium ions as active catalytic centers. In order to obtain hard macrospheres, four metals (Cr, Al, Zr and Zn) were incorporated into the silica matrix using chitosan as a template and shape generator. Metallosilicate macrospheres were synthesized at room temperature using tetraethylorthosilicate as silicon source and chlorohydric acid as catalyst. The size of metallosilicate macrospheres was in the range 0.9 — 1.1 mm. The catalyst was characterised by means of water sorption technique, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM/EDX analyses. FTIR spectra put into evidence the presence of metallic ions within the silica framework. EDX analyses confirmed the efficient incorporation of metals within the silica matrix (the content of metals from the calcined catalyst is almost the same as that from the initial gel mixture). Porous structure of catalyst investigated by water sorption technique and by pycnometric methods (with n-heptan and mercury respectively) proved that the synthesized catalyst had micro, meso and macropores. Catalyst was tested in the esterification reaction of acetic acid with epichlorohydrin. The temperature and the amount of catalyst exerted a marked influence on reaction rate. This work opens new perspectives for heterogeneous catalysis encouraging the replacement of powder catalysts with macrospherical catalysts that are easy to recover and to reuse.
Glacier changes in the Koshi River basin, central Himalaya, from 1976 to 2009, derived from remote-sensing imagery
Authors: Shangguan Donghui , Liu Shiyin , Ding Yongjian , Wu Lizong , Deng Wei , Guo Wanqin , Wang Yuan , Xu Junli , Yao Xiaojun , Guo Zhilong , Zhu Wanwan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe use remote-sensing and GIS technologies to monitor glacier changes in the Koshi River basin, central Himalaya. The results indicate that in 2009 there were 2061 glaciers in this region, with a total area of 3225 ±90.3 km2. This glacier population is divided into 1290 glaciers, with a total area of 1961 ±54.9 km2, on the north side of the Himalaya (NSH), and 771 glaciers, with a total area of 1264 ± 35.4 km2, on the south side of the Himalaya (SSH). From 1976 to 2009, glacier area in the basin decreased by about 19±5.6% (0.59±0.17%a–1). Glacier reduction was slightly faster on SSH (20.3 ±5.6%) than on NSH (18.8±5.6%). The maximum contribution to glacier area loss came from glaciers within the 1-5 km2 area interval, which accounted for 32% of total area loss between 1976 and 2009. The number of glaciers in the Koshi River catchment decreased by 145 between 1976 and 2009. Glacier area on SSH decreased at a rate of 6.2 ±3.2% (0.68 ±0.36% a–1), faster than on NSH, where the rate was 2.5 ±3.2% (0.27±0.36% a–1) during 2000-09. Based on records from Tingri weather station, we infer that temperature increase and precipitation decrease were the main causes of glacier thinning and retreat during the 1976-2000 period. Glacier retreat during the 2000-09 period appears to be controlled by temperature increase, since precipitation increase over this period did not offset ice losses to surface melting.
Modelling of Kealey Ice Rise, Antarctica, reveals stable ice-flow conditions in East Ellsworth Land over millennia
Authors: Martín Carlos , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar , King Edward C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFlow at ice divides, their shape, size and internal structure depend not only on local conditions, but also on the flow regimes and past histories of the surrounding ice masses. Here we use field data from Kealey Ice Rise, Ellsworth Land, West Antarctica, in combination with flow modelling to investigate any possible signs of transients in the flow of the surrounding ice masses. Kealey Ice Rise shows linear surface features running parallel to its ridge in satellite imagery and a conspicuous layering in the ground-penetrating radar data known as double-peaked Raymond bumps. Through numerical modelling, by using an anisotropic full-Stokes thermomechanical flow solver, we analyse the evolution of Kealey Ice Rise and the timescales involved. We conclude that the features observed in the stratigraphy of Kealey Ice Rise require at least 3 ka of near-stationary flow conditions. However, we cannot exclude the possibility of a recent flow reorganization in the last century. We stress that the signs of stationary flow in radar stratigraphy observed in Kealey Ice Rise have been observed in other ice divides in the East Ellsworth Land area, suggesting stationary flow conditions over a millennial timescale in the region.
Micromorphological and anatomical features of four species of <i>Elytrigia</i> Desv. (Poaceae)
Authors: Meng Lin , Mao Peichun 
Published: January 2014

The micromorphological and anatomical characters of Elytrigia caespitosa (K.Koch) Nevski , E. intermedia (Host) Nevski × E. elongata (Host) Nevski, E. intermedia(Host) Nevski and E. repens (L.) Desv. ex Nevski have been studied using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to determine interspecific variation. The results show that the root transverse section consists of epidermis, cortex and stele. Two rings of vascular bundles and a central pith cavity appear in stem morphology. The leaves of E. caespitosa have either single or twin, horse shoe-shaped short cells born along the costal zone of the upper epidermis, which lack prickle hairs and contain spherical or oblique-shaped papillae. In E. intermedia, the parallel subsidiary cells are distributed on the upper epidermis, and there are no short cells in the leaves. Dome-shaped subsidiary cells appear on the upper epidermis of E. intermedia × E. elongata and E. repens, but E. intermedia × E. elongata showes spot-shaped papillae, and its bulliform cells sank into the hinge cells. E. repens has no papillae, and its bulliform cells are not sunken into the mesophyll. Therefore, the differences in micromorphological characters on the upper epidermis of the leaf could be useful in classifying and determining phylogenetic relationships among the species.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i2.17388Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 20(2): 135-144, 2013
Status of <i>Reseda pentagyna</i> Abdallah & A.G. Miller (Resedaceae) inferred from combined nuclear ribosomal and chloroplast sequence data
Authors: Ali M. Ajmal , Al-Hemaid Fahad M. , Choudhary Ritesh K. , Lee Joongku , Kim Soo-Yong , Rub M. A. 
Published: January 2014

The present study focuses on the status of Reseda pentagyna Abdallah & A.G. Miller (Resedaceae). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA and chloroplast trnL-F gene of the questioned species were sequenced. The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) search showed maximum identity with R. stenostachya. The parsimony analysis of ITS, trnL-F and combined sequences data analyses revealed grouping of Reseda species consistent with established taxonomic sections of the genus, R. pentagyna showed proximity with R. stenostachya (100% bootstrap support), nested within the clade of section Reseda.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i2.17397Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 20(2): 233-238, 2013
Reliability and Clinically Important Improvement Thresholds for Osteoarthritis Pain and Function Scales: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Luo Ruili , Landon Glenn C. , Suarez-Almazor Maria 
Published: January 2014

Objective.To assess the reliability and clinically meaningful thresholds of intermittent and constant osteoarthritis pain (ICOAP) score, the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical function Short-form (KOOS-PS), the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Physical function Short-form (HOOS-PS), and the Quality of life subscales of HOOS/KOOS (HOOS-QOL/KOOS-QOL) in patients with knee or hip arthritis.Methods.One hundred and ninety-five patients (141 knee, 54 hip) seen at 2 orthopedic outpatient clinics with a diagnosis of knee or hip OA completed patient-reported questionnaires (ICOAP pain scale, KOOS-PS, HOOS-PS, KOOS-QOL, HOOS-QOL) at baseline and 2-week followup. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). We calculated minimum clinically important difference (MCID) and moderate improvement in the subgroup that reported change in the status of their affected joint.Results.The reliability as assessed by ICC was as follows: ICOAP pain scale, 0.63 (0.48, 0.74) in patients with knee arthritis, and 0.86 (0.73, 0.93) for hip arthritis; KOOS-PS, 0.66 (0.52, 0.77); HOOS-PS, 0.82 (0.66, 0.91); KOOS-QOL, 0.79 (0.69, 0.86); and HOOS-QOL, 0.67 (0.42, 0.83). MCID and moderate improvement estimates in patients with knee arthritis were ICOAP pain scale, 18.5 and 26.7; KOOS-PS, 2.2 and 15.0; and KOOS-QOL, 8.0 and 15.6. A smaller sample in patients with hip arthritis precluded MCID and moderate improvement estimates.Conclusion.We found that ICOAP pain and KOOS-PS/HOOS-PS scales were reasonably reliable in patients with hip OA. Reliability of these scales was much lower in patients with knee arthritis. Thresholds for clinically meaningful change in pain or function on these scales were estimated for patients with knee arthritis.
Du champion au poilu sportif. Représentations et expériences du sport de guerre
Authors: Dietschy Paul 
Published: January 2014

Durant le premier conflit mondial, le sport a constitué une manière de représenter la guerre et de la vivre. Dès le début du conflit, la presse sportive a mobilisé sa rhétorique emphatique pour décrire la guerre comme un grand match à des fins tout à la fois patriotiques et économiques. Derrière ces discours exaltant le soldat sportif, se cachent souvent les luttes de pouvoir opposant les organisations sportives. Sur le front, la pratique du sport a pu prendre plusieurs formes. S’ils ont été exposés par la presse à la chasse à l’embusqué, les champions ont pu saisir dans le développement de l’aviation de guerre l’opportunité de retrouver un environnement compétitif et athlétique. Plus près des tranchées, l’existence d’un « sport de guerre » incluant boxe, football et athlétisme a été compris, d’après les témoignages de soldats, comme un moyen d’échapper à la contrainte militaire et à la violence de guerre. Loin d’être un adjuvant à l’agressivité du guerrier, le sport a d’abord symbolisé la vie face à une mort omniprésente.
Les sports aériens : de la compétition sportive à la violence de guerre
Authors: Robène Luc 
Published: January 2014

À la veille du premier conflit mondial, l’aviation est encore largement considérée comme un sport. Depuis la fin du xix e siècle, l’armée française observe toutefois avec un intérêt prudent le développement de cette pratique. Le déclenchement des hostilités amène toutefois à reconsidérer l’utilisation de l’aviation dans les opérations militaires. L’image de l’aviation, sport élitiste en voie de professionnalisation, confère tout d’abord une dimension particulière au combat aérien. La persistance d’une représentation « sportive » de l’aviateur en temps de guerre conduit à la création de la catégorie de l’« as ». Mais si cette nouvelle distinction militaire permet de donner un visage aux héros de la patrie en guerre, le combat aérien se révèle vite fort éloigné de la compétition sportive. De fait, la violence et la mort de masse l’emportent progressivement sur le fair-play sportif, alors que la presse se plaît à propager le mythe de la guerre comme le « grand match ».
Culture de paix et culture de guerre. Pierre de Coubertin et le Comité International olympique de 1910 à 1920
Authors: Clastres Patrick 
Published: January 2014

S’il a eu pour projet de reviriliser les jeunes Français, Pierre de Coubertin n’a pas pensé le sport comme un instrument du bellicisme. Bien au contraire, les compétitions sportives doivent aider selon lui à pacifier les relations internationales. Cela ne l’empêche pas de faire preuve d’activisme dès la déclaration de guerre. S’il loue le patriotisme en acte du peuple français, il dénonce le sectarisme de la participation du « camp clérical » à l’union sacrée. Les articles qu’il publie dans la presse sur l’éducation physique et la guerre, l’écriture d’un décalogue patriotique à l’adresse de la jeunesse française doivent contribuer à la victoire finale. C’est la victoire des sports qu’il célèbre en 1918. Des sports qui, à condition d’être diffusés dans les classes populaires, doivent servir de barrière à l’expansion du communisme. Si les premiers jeux Olympiques d’après-guerre (Anvers, 1920) doivent être pour lui ceux de la paix, il n’accepte pas moins l’exclusion provisoire des puissances centrales en prenant bien soin de distinguer le pouvoir impérial de Guillaume II de l’Allemagne et de ses alliés.
The Relationship between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Health: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Bagis Nilsun , Bostanci Hamit Selim 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance of various degrees occurring or being observed during pregnancy for the first time. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between periodontal health and GDM, which is one of the most important medical complications of pregnancy.

Materials and methods
One hundred and sixty-five pregnant women, 80 healthy and 85 with gestational diabetes, between the ages of 18 and 30, with a mean age of 25.85 ± 2.96 were included in the study. It was first pregnancy of all individuals and none of them received periodontal treatment 6 months prior to the study.
Clinical evaluations were made by using plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing (BOP) index.

Results
The results of our study revealed that, compared to healthy pregnant women, the values of body mass index, weight, GI and BOP were significantly higher for women with GDM.

How to cite this article
Bagis N, Bostanci HS. The Relationship between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Health: A Case-control Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(2):71-75.