bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial care in cancer: an overview of psychosocial programmes and national cancer plans of countries within the International Federation of Psycho‐Oncology Societies
Authors: Grassi Luigi , Watson Maggie ,   on behalf of the IPOS Federation of Psycho‐Oncology Societies' co‐authors
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe report data from representatives of national professional psycho‐oncology societies on the integration of psychosocial care into national cancer programmes or cancer plans. To date information on how, or whether, psychosocial care has been recognized and integrated into comprehensive cancer care internationally has been extremely limited. The value of the current survey, whilst not comprehensive, lies with the fact that it is the first to report on the current status of psychosocial care for cancer patients and their families from a global perspective.Representatives of 29 countries that are members of the Federation of National Psycho‐Oncology Societies, coordinated under the aegis of the International Psycho‐Oncology Society (IPOS), participated in a survey aimed at clarifying access to psychosocial care. Results indicate that while psychosocial oncology has grown over the last decade, it is either not established or not completely established, or not an integral part of care in some countries, especially developing countries, where basic care is sometimes not provided to cancer patients.Future targets need to focus on the integration of psychosocial oncology programmes into comprehensive cancer care and their coordination within multidisciplinary teams. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brain vulnerability to chemotherapy toxicities
Authors: Ahles Tim A. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractChemotherapy‐induced cognitive changes have been an increasing concern among cancer survivors. By using adjuvant treatment for breast cancer as the prototype, this manuscript reviews research from neuropsychological, imaging, genetic, and animal model studies that have examined the clinical presentation and potential mechanisms for cognitive changes associated with exposure to chemotherapy. An impressive body of research supports the hypothesis that a subgroup of patients is vulnerable to post‐treatment cognitive changes, although not exclusively related to chemotherapy. Further, imaging and animal model studies provide accumulating evidence of putative mechanisms for chemotherapy‐induced cognitive change. Models of aging are also reviewed in support of the proposal that cognitive changes associated with cancer and cancer treatments can be viewed in the context of factors that affect the trajectory of normal aging. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐Oxidative Conversion of 1,2‐Dichloroethane in a Non‐Thermal Plasma and Characterisation of the Polymer Formed
Authors: Gaikwad Vaibhav , Kennedy Eric , Mackie John , Holdsworth Clovia , Molloy Scott , Kundu Sazal , Dlugogorski Bogdan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper focuses on the conversion of 1,2‐dichloroethane (EDC) using non‐thermal plasma under reaction conditions that can decompose EDC and yield a value‐added product. A cylindrical double dielectric barrier discharge system has been used to generate non‐thermal plasma and quartz has been used as a dielectric. Our findings show that under non‐oxidative reaction conditions employed in this study, vinyl chloride, a commercially important compound, is the major gas phase product produced. This paper also encompasses a preliminary characterisation of polymer during the reaction. Possible mechanisms for gaseous product formation and polymerisation are presented. magnified image
SPP tomography: A simple wide‐field nanoscope
Authors: Grave de Peralta L. , Regan C. J. , Bernussi A. A. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryWe explore the wide‐field optical nanoimaging capabilities of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) tomography technique. We show that nanofeatures with lateral dimensions smaller than λ/20 can be observed in the surface emission (SE) images of plasmonic crystals with a period of 300 nm. Moreover, as a proof‐of‐concept, we demonstrate that SPP tomography permits to resolve two single objects with a center‐to‐center separation of 200 nm and edge‐to‐edge separation as small as λ/7. We present a comprehensive discussion about the nanoimaging capabilities of the SPP tomography technique. In contrast to other optical subwavelength resolution techniques, in our approach for imaging nanosize features, enhanced evanescent waves are coupled to the far‐field via leakage radiation associated with SPPs excited by near‐field fluorescence; therefore wide‐field images, which are not out‐of‐plane diffraction‐limited, are formed directly in the microscope's camera. We also discuss additional imaging processing capabilities associated with the fact that SPP tomography SE images are formed by the microscope lenses through an analog tomography process. SCANNING 35: 246‐252, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding the codevelopment of modeling practice and ecological knowledge
Authors: Manz Eve 
Published: October 2012

AbstractDespite a recent focus on engaging students in epistemic practices, there is relatively little research on how learning environments can support the simultaneous, coordinated development of both practice and the knowledge that emerges from and supports scientific activity. This study reports on the co‐construction of modeling practice and ecological knowledge by following the development of one seminal disciplinary concept, plant reproduction, through third graders' yearlong investigation of a wild backyard area. Representational activity facilitated the visibility and utility of meanings for reproduction; these meanings, in turn, shaped students' subsequent modeling practice. Over time, shifts were evident in both the community's meanings for reproduction and their framing of meanings in relation to modeling activity. The analysis affirms the utility of attending to student knowledge as it is used in practice to navigate complexity and uncertainty, rather than as assimilation of declarative statements. It also provides images of productive relations between modeling and knowledge, with implications for how the two might bootstrap each other in extended classroom investigation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96: 1071–1105, 2012
Electrical Detection of Spin Precession in Freely Suspended Graphene Spin Valves on Cross‐Linked Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Neumann Ingmar , Van de Vondel Joris , Bridoux German , Costache Marius V. , Alzina Francesc , Torres Clivia M. Sotomayor , Valenzuela Sergio O. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSpin injection and detection is achieved in freely suspended graphene using cobalt electrodes and a nonlocal spin‐valve geometry. The devices are fabricated with a single electron‐beam‐resist poly(methyl methacrylate) process that minimizes both the fabrication steps and the number of (aggressive) chemicals used, greatly reducing contamination and increasing the yield of high‐quality, mechanically stable devices. As‐grown devices can present mobilities exceeding 104 cm2 V−1 s−1 at room temperature and, because the contacts deposited on graphene are only exposed to acetone and isopropanol, the method is compatible with almost any contacting material. Spin accumulation and spin precession are studied in these nonlocal spin valves. Fitting of Hanle spin precession data in bilayer and multilayer graphene yields a spin relaxation time of ∼125‐250 ps and a spin diffusion length of 1.7‐1.9 μm at room temperature.
Simple two‐dimensional ultrasound technique to assess intrapartum cervical dilatation: a pilot study
Authors: Hassan W. A. , Eggebø T. M. , Ferguson M. , Lees C. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo describe a two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound technique to measure cervical dilatation in labor, and to compare ultrasound with digital measurements.Methods2D transperineal ultrasound was performed in 21 nulliparous women in labor with a singleton fetus in cephalic presentation and cervical dilatation measured before or after a digital vaginal examination. The absolute difference was calculated and Bland–Altman analysis was used to assess the mean difference between digital vaginal examination and ultrasound examination of cervical dilatation. Pearson analysis was used to determine the correlation between digital and ultrasound measurements. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with 95% CI were used to evaluate the reliability of the two methods.ResultsSatisfactory quality images of the cervix were obtained in 19 of 21 cases. There was positive correlation between 2D ultrasound measurement of cervical dilatation and digital vaginal examination (Pearson coefficient r = 0.821, n = 19, P < 0.001). Bland–Altman analysis showed a mean difference between digital and ultrasound measurements of 0.08 cm (95% limits of agreement: −1.83 to 2.00) and the mean absolute difference was 1.24 cm. The ICC between the two methods was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.58–0.92).ConclusionsAssessment and measurement of cervical dilatation by 2D transperineal ultrasound is feasible, with close agreement shown between the technique and digital vaginal examination. The technique that we describe could represent an important component of a ‘sonopartogram’ for ultrasound assessment of labor progress. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay
Authors: Huang Lulu , Wilkinson Miles F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a highly conserved pathway that was originally identified as a RNA surveillance mechanism that degrades aberrant mRNAs harboring premature termination (nonsense) codons. Recently, it was discovered that NMD also regulates normal gene expression. Genome‐wide studies showed that ablation of NMD alters the expression of ∼10% of transcripts in a wide variety of eukaryotes. In general, NMD specifically targets normal transcripts that harbor a stop codon in a premature context. The finding that NMD regulates normal gene expression raises the possibility that NMD itself is subject to regulation. Indeed, recent studies have shown that NMD efficiency varies in different cell types and tissues. NMD is also subject to developmental control in both higher and lower eukaryotic species. Molecular mechanisms have been defined—including those involving microRNAs and other RNA decay pathways—that regulate the magnitude of NMD in some developmental settings. This developmental regulation of NMD appears to have physiological roles, at least in some model systems. In addition to mechanisms that modulate the efficiency of NMD, mechanisms have recently been identified that serve the opposite purpose: to maintain the efficiency of NMD in the face of insults. This ‘buffering’ is achieved by feedback networks that serve to regulate the stability of NMD factors. The discovery of NMD homeostasis and NMD regulatory mechanisms has important implications for how NMD acts in biological processes and how its magnitude could potentially be manipulated for clinical benefit. WIREs RNA 2012. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1137This article is categorized under:

RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
Risk Factors for Infection after 46,113 Intramedullary Nail Operations in Low‐ and Middle‐income Countries
Authors: Young Sven , Lie Stein Atle , Hallan Geir , Zirkle Lewis G. , Engesæter Lars B. , Havelin Leif I. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe fields of surgery and trauma care have largely been neglected in the global health discussion. As a result the idea that surgery is not safe or cost effective in resource‐limited settings has gone unchallenged. The SIGN Online Surgical Database (SOSD) is now one of the largest databases on trauma surgery in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC). We wished to examine infection rates and risk factors for infection after IM nail operations in LMIC using this data.MethodsThe SOSD contained 46,722 IM nail surgeries in 58 different LMIC; 46,113 IM nail operations were included for analysis.ResultsThe overall follow‐up rate was 23.1 %. The overall infection rate was 1.0 %, 0.7 % for humerus, 0.8 % for femur, and 1.5 % for tibia fractures. If only nails with registered follow‐up (n = 10,684) were included in analyses, infection rates were 2.9 % for humerus, 3.2 % for femur, and 6.9 % for tibia fractures. Prophylactic antibiotics reduced the risk of infection by 29 %. Operations for non‐union had a doubled risk of infection. Risk of infection was reduced with increasing income level of the country.ConclusionsThe overall infection rates were low, and well within acceptable levels, suggesting that it is safe to do IM nailing in low‐income countries. The fact that operations for non‐union have twice the risk of infection compared to primary fracture surgery further supports the use of IM nailing as the primary treatment for femur fractures in LMIC.
European experience of laparoscopic major hepatectomy
Authors: Tzanis Dimitrios , Shivathirthan Nairuthya , Laurent Alexis , Abu Hilal Mohammad , Soubrane Olivier , Kazaryan Airazat M. , Ettore Giuseppe Maria , Van Dam Ronald M. , Lainas Panagiotis , Tranchart Hadrien , Edwin Bjorn , Belli Giulio , Campos Ricardo Robles , Pearce Neil , Gayet Brice , Dagher Ibrahim 
Published: October 2012

AbstractBackground/purposeLaparoscopic hepatectomies have seen a worldwide proliferation. Major anatomic resections, which were initially considered unsuitable for laparoscopy, are currently confined to a few centers of expertise. The aim of this study was to discuss the current trends and techniques in laparoscopic major hepatectomy in Europe.MethodsThe prospective databases of ten European centers were combined to provide answers to a questionnaire that had been addressed to all European teams known to perform laparoscopic liver surgery.ResultsBetween 1996 and 2011 a total of 2245 laparoscopic liver resections have been carried out, of which 495 (22 %) were major resections. The proportion of laparoscopic right and left hepatectomies varied between 4 and 40 % of all major hepatectomies of the same type. Benign, primary malignant and metastatic lesions were, respectively, 22.4, 19.6 and 58 % of all indications. The different techniques and approaches, as regards hand assistance, hepatic inflow and outflow control, liver mobilization and concomitant colectomies, are discussed.ConclusionsTo date, an important level of experience of laparoscopic liver resection has been accumulated in Europe, and experience of major hepatectomies is constantly increasing. However, they remain technically very demanding procedures which should be confined to expert surgeons who have already acquired considerable experience with simpler laparoscopic liver resections.
Aggregation Behavior of Surface Active Dialkylimidazolium Ionic Liquids [C12Cnim]Br (n = 1–4) in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Liu Xuefeng , Hu Jie , Huang Yijun , Fang Yun 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFour diakylimidazolium ionic liquids, namely 1‐alkyl‐3‐dodecylimidazolium bromides ([C12Cnim]Br) with the same dodecyl long‐chain tail (C12) and the short alkyl side chain (Cn, n = 1–4), were synthesized, and their molecule structures were confirmed by ESI–MS, 1H‐NMR and elemental analysis. The physicochemical properties of [C12Cnim]Br (n = 1–4) were determined by means of surface tension and fluorescence probe methods, respectively. It was found that elongation of the side chain length will bring about an enhancement of surface activity. Along with the side chain length increasing, the critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface tension at CMC (γCMC), the maximum surface excess (Γm), micellar aggregation number (Nm) and micellar microenvironment polarity of [C12Cnim]Br decrease, while adsorption efficiency (pC20), surface pressure at CMC (ΠCMC), the minimum molecular cross‐sectional area (Amin) at air‐solution interfaces and CMC/C20 ratio increase.
Occam’s razor-based spam filter
Authors: Almeida Tiago A. , Yamakami Akebo 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Nowadays e-mail spam is not a novelty, but it is still an important rising problem with a big economic impact in society. Spammers manage to circumvent current spam filters and harm the communication system by consuming several resources, damaging the reliability of e-mail as a communication instrument and tricking recipients to react to spam messages. Consequently, spam filtering poses a special problem in text categorization, of which the defining characteristic is that filters face an active adversary, which constantly attempts to evade filtering. In this paper, we present a novel approach to spam filtering based on the minimum description length principle. Furthermore, we have conducted an empirical experiment on six public and real non-encoded datasets. The results indicate that the proposed filter is fast to construct, incrementally updateable and clearly outperforms the state-of-the-art spam filters.
Thiamin status of premature infants assessed by measurement of thiamin diphosphate in whole blood
Authors: Körner Robert W. , Müller Carsten , Roth Bernhard , Vierzig Anne 
Published: October 2012

Premature infants constitute a risk group for thiamin deficiency but only little is known about their thiamin status. The aim of the present study was to investigate the thiamin status of premature infants by determination of thiamin diphosphate (TDP) and to identify risk factors for low TDP concentrations. In a prospective, longitudinal study TDP was determined by HPLC in whole blood in the first days of life and approximately every 2 weeks. Demographical data, weight gain, type of nutrition and thiamin intake were recorded. A total of 111 premature infants were included at the Children's Hospital of the University of Cologne, Germany from May 2009 until December 2010 and 222 blood samples were analysed. TDP concentrations showed an age-dependent decline (age 0–10 d, mean TDP = 110·6 ng/ml; age 11–20 d, mean TDP = 95·4 ng/ml; age 21–103 d, mean TDP = 33·6 ng/ml). There was no significant difference between males and females. Young gestational age and low birth weight were associated with low TDP concentrations. No infant was diagnosed with thiamin deficiency. The current nutritional regimen in our hospital did not lead to thiamin deficiency in the study cohort. Further research is required to evaluate how TDP concentrations are regulated in premature infants.
The importance of controlling for the acute-phase response in the population-based assessment of vitamin A status: a study in children of pre-school age in Uganda
Authors: Baingana Rhona , Matovu-Kasozi Dennis , Garrett Dean 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo improve estimates of vitamin A deficiency in children of pre-school age in the 2006 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey (UDHS 2006).DesignA cross-sectional study in which dried blood spot samples were analysed for C-reactive protein (CRP). Retinol-binding protein (RBP) had previously been analysed using a commercial enzyme immunoassay.SettingA population-based study in Uganda.SubjectsA systematically selected subset of the dried blood spot samples collected from children aged 6–59 months for UDHS 2006. Children were categorized into ‘normal CRP’ (Group A) and ‘raised CRP’ (Group B) using a CRP cut-off of 5 mg/l. A correction factor was calculated to adjust the Group B RBP values for the influence of the acute-phase response.ResultsGeometric mean CRP was 6·2 (95 % CI 5·5, 7·0) mg/l, 1·6 (95 % CI 1·5, 1·8) mg/l and 17·9 (95 % CI 16·4, 19·6) mg/l in all children, in Group A and in Group B, respectively. Geometric mean RBP in all children, in Group A and in Group B was 1·18 (95 % CI 1·14, 1·22) μmol/l, 1·26 (95 % CI 1·20, 1·33) μmol/l and 1·12 (95 % CI 1·07, 1·17) μmol/l, respectively, before correction. Correction increased mean RBP in Group B to 1·26 (95 % CI 1·21, 1·31) μmol/l. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (RBP < 0·825 μmol/l) reduced from 18·4 % (95 % CI 17·2, 23·0 %) to 13·9 % (95 % CI 11·3, 16·5 %).ConclusionsCorrecting for the acute-phase response significantly reduced the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency; thus, the acute-phase response should be considered when vitamin A status is assessed using RBP in order to improve population-level estimates of vitamin A deficiency.
Error Variability in Apraxia of Speech: A Matter of Controversy
Authors: Staiger Anja , Finger-Berg Wolf , Aichert Ingrid , Ziegler Wolfram 
Published: October 2012

PurposeError variability has traditionally been considered a hallmark of apraxia of speech (AOS). However, in some of the current AOS literature, relatively invariable error patterns are claimed as a mandatory criterion for a diagnosis of AOS. This paradigm shift has far-reaching consequences for our understanding of the disorder and for its (differential) diagnosis. Against the background of this controversy, the present article aims to further examine error variability in AOS.MethodFour patients with relatively pure, mild-to-moderate AOS participated in the study. They repeated 8 target words in 2 different phrase contexts, 10 times each. Error analyses were based on phonetic transcription. Error variability was determined using several measures of (a) consistency of error occurrence and (b) consistency of error type.ResultsAll patients produced highly inconsistent reactions across multiple trials in some of the target words. However, other words were more consistently accurate or inaccurate. Several factors influencing error variability were identified.ConclusionsBecause this study has disclosed clear indications of variable behavior in AOS, diagnostic guidelines claiming error consistency as a mandatory criterion cannot be maintained. Because error variability is difficult to operationalize, we recommend to no longer use (in)consistency as a strict diagnostic marker of AOS.
Movement Patterns, Habitat Use, and Survival of Lahontan Cutthroat Trout in the Truckee River
Authors: Alexiades Alexander V. , Peacock Mary M. , Al-Chokhachy Robert 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Habitat fragmentation, hybridization, and competition with nonnative salmonids are viewed as major threats to Lahontan cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi. Understanding Lahontan cutthroat trout behavior and survival is a necessary step in the reintroduction and establishment of naturally reproducing populations of Lahontan cutthroat trout. We used weekly radiotelemetry monitoring to examine movement patterns, habitat use, and apparent survival of 42 hatchery-reared Lahontan cutthroat trout in a 16.5-km stretch of the Truckee River, Nevada, across three reaches separated by barriers to upstream movement. We found differences in total movement distances and home range sizes of fish in different reaches within our study area. Fish used pool habitats more than fast water habitats in all reaches. Time of year, stream temperature, and fish standard length covariates had the strongest relationship with apparent survival. Monthly apparent survival was lowest in January, which coincided with the lowest flows and temperatures during the study period. Our results verify the mobility of Lahontan cutthroat trout and indicate that conditions during winter may limit the survival and reintroduction success in the portions of the Truckee River evaluated in this study.
Received December 1, 2011; accepted June 28, 2012