bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and diagnostic features of inflammatory airway disease subtypes in horses examined because of poor performance: 98 cases (2004–2010)
Authors: Nolen-Walston Rose D. , Harris Michelle , Agnew Morgan E. , Martin Benson B. , Reef Virginia B. , Boston Raymond C. , Davidson Elizabeth J. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether there are important differences relating to seasonality of signs or clinical features between subtypes of inflammatory airway disease (IAD) in horses caused by neutrophilic and eosinophilic-mastocytic inflammation having dissimilar etiopathologic pathways.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—98 horses.
Procedures—Data were compiled from medical records of horses examined because of poor performance from 2004 through 2010. Horses underwent a standardized high-speed treadmill test, lameness evaluation, cardiac evaluation, and postexercise bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). By means of standard BAL cytologic criteria, horses were divided into 4 groups: eosinophilic-mastocytic inflammation, neutrophilia only, mixed inflammation, or no inflammation (control). Associations between IAD subtype and clinical parameters were investigated.
Results—Data for 98 horses were obtained, including age, career, season of admission, and results of hematologic evaluation, high-speed treadmill arterial blood gas analysis, upper airway endoscopy, cardiologic evaluation, and BAL. Cytologic evidence of IAD was found in 81% (79/98) of the horses, and 30% (30/98) had erythrocytes present in the BAL fluid after exercise. Horses in the eosinophilic-mastocytic inflammation and mixed-inflammation groups were significantly more likely to be Thoroughbred than Standardbred and have larger amounts of mucus in their BAL fluid. No significant differences were found in season of evaluation, results of exercising blood gas analyses, or comorbidities.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—No association between season and cytologic profile of BAL fluid and no major effects of IAD subtype on pulmonary gas exchange during exercise were seen in this population of horses.
Lower Mechanical Pressure Pain Thresholds in Female Adolescents With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome
Authors: Rathleff Michael S. , Roos Ewa M. , Olesen Jens L. , Rasmussen Sten , Arendt-Nielsen Lars 
Published: April 2013

Study Design Cross-sectional study. Objectives To compare pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) between adolescent females diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) and gender- and age-matched controls without musculoskeletal pain. Background PFPS is prevalent among adolescents and may be associated with reduced PPT both locally and remotely from the site of reported pain. This may indicate altered central processing of nociceptive information. However, this has never been investigated in adolescents with PFPS. Methods Adolescents with PFPS and a comparison group without musculoskeletal pain were recruited from a population-based cohort of students from 4 upper secondary schools, aged 15 to 19 years. All 2846 students within that age range were invited to answer an online questionnaire regarding musculoskeletal pain. The students who reported knee pain were contacted by telephone and offered a clinical examination by an experienced rheumatologist, who made a diagnosis. PPTs were measured at 4 sites around the knee and 1 site on the tibialis anterior in the 57 female adolescents diagnosed with PFPS and in 22 female adolescents without musculoskeletal pain. Results Adolescents with PFPS, compared to controls, had significantly lower PPTs (26%–37% [100–178 kPa]) at each of the 4 sites around the knee, suggesting localized hyperalgesia. On the tibialis anterior, adolescents with PFPS had a 33% (159 kPa) lower PPT (distal hyperalgesia) compared with controls. Conclusion These findings suggest that adolescent females with PFPS have localized and distal hyperalgesia. These findings may have implications for treating PFPS, as both peripheral and central mechanisms may be driving the pain. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01438762). J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013;43(6):414–421. Epub 18 March 2013. doi:10.2519/jospt.2013.4383
In the Name of Liberalism: Pierre Trudeau, Organized Labour, and the Canadian Social Democratic Left, 1949–1959
Authors: Aivalis Christo 
Published: April 2013

Abstract: This article examines Pierre Elliott Trudeau's relationship with labour and social democratic organizations, 1949–1959. Using historiographic works, reflections from contemporary historical figures, and Trudeau's archival fonds, this essay demonstrates that his connections to labour and the left were motivated by his desire to enrich liberal democracy in both Quebec and Canada. Supporting labour unions and the provincial/federal Cooperative Commonwealth Federation during the early 1950s was imperative, as labour was a force for change and democratic renewal, and the ccf was the party with the strongest commitment to popular democracy, especially when contrasted with a Liberal Party and Union Nationale, which were dominated by regressive and financial interests. Using various theoretical approaches, including Ian McKay's Liberal Order Framework and Antonio Gramsci's concept of “trasformismo,” I seek to show how Trudeau's leftist forays were informed by the desire to transform liberalism and capitalism in such a way that maintained their essences while inoculating them from their core flaws. This process of liberal transformation and hegemony is further emphasized in the later stages of the 1950s, as Trudeau began to reject social democratic and labour parties, arguing that they put their goals aside and join forces with liberals to fight for democracy first.
“Roughing it in Comfort”: Family Cottaging and Consumer Culture in Postwar Ontario
Authors: Stevens Peter A. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract: This article draws upon recent studies of anti-modernism to explore the relationship between consumer culture and family cottaging in Ontario during the quarter century following the Second World War. It examines both the actions and ideas of actual postwar cottagers, as revealed primarily through oral history, as well as the representations of cottaging that appeared in postwar newspapers and magazines. Using these diverse sources, the article establishes the symbolic importance of summer homes during this period and illuminates the extent to which cottagers themselves sought to embrace the simple life. The evidence indicates that cottagers' relationship with consumer culture was marked by ambivalence, as summer homes provided a means of both escaping and fulfilling the prevailing ethos of materialism.
Constitutive and herbivore‐induced structural defenses are compromised by inbreeding in Solanum carolinense (Solanaceae)
Authors: Kariyat Rupesh R. , Balogh Christopher M. , Moraski Ryan P. , De Moraes Consuelo M. , Mescher Mark C. , Stephenson Andrew G. 
Published: April 2013

• Premise of the study: A growing number of studies document effects of inbreeding on plant interactions with insect herbivores, including deleterious effects on direct and indirect plant defenses. However, our understanding of the specific mechanisms mediating such effects remains limited. Here we examine how inbreeding affects constitutive and induced expression of structural defenses (spines and trichomes) in common horsenettle, Solanum carolinense.• Methods: Inbred and outbred progeny from nine maternal families of horsenettle were assigned to three treatments: control, Manduca sexta caterpillar damage, or mechanical damage. Numbers of internode spines and the density of abaxial and adaxial trichomes were assessed before and after (21 d) damage treatments. Data on internode length, flowering time, and total flower production was also collected to explore the costs of defense induction.• Key results: Inbreeding adversely affected constitutive and induced physical/structural defenses: undamaged outbred plants produced more abaxial and adaxial leaf trichomes and internode spines than did inbred plants. Foliar damage by M. sexta larvae also induced more trichomes (on new leaves) and internode spines on outbred plants. Both inbred and outbred plants exposed to mechanical or caterpillar damage had shorter internodes than did control plants, but inbred damaged plants had longer internodes than did outbred damaged plants. Control outbred plants produced significantly more flowers than did control inbred plants or damaged plants of either breeding type.• Conclusions: Constitutive and induced structural defenses in horsenettle were negatively affected by inbreeding. Reduced flower production and internode length on damaged plants compared to controls suggests that defense induction entails significant costs.
Longterm Effects of Rituximab on B Cell Counts and Autoantibody Production in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Use of High-sensitivity Flow Cytometry for More Sensitive Assessment of B Cell Depletion
Authors: Váncsa Andrea , Szabó Zoltán , Szamosi Szilvia , Bodnár Nóra , Végh Edit , Gergely Lajos , Szűcs Gabriella , Szántó Sándor , Szekanecz Zoltán 
Published: April 2013

Objective.To assess the efficacy and safety of longterm rituximab (RTX) therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and study correlations among B cell depletion, clinical response, and autoantibody production.Methods.Seventy-seven patients with moderate or high RA activity received RTX and were re-treated every 6 months regardless of clinical response. All patients received at least 5 cycles. We assessed 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28), IgM rheumatoid factor (RF), and anticitrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) levels at baseline, after 15 days, and then every 6 months for 24 months. Absolute CD19+ B lymphocyte counts were determined in 50 patients using high-sensitivity flow cytometry (hsFACS) by reading 100,000 events.Results.After 6, 12, 18, and 24 months, 51.6%, 51.9%, 73.3%, and 83.8% of patients, respectively, showed good European League Against Rheumatism responses. Significant and sustained decreases in IgM RF and ACPA levels were observed as early as 6 months and 12 months, respectively. The baseline mean absolute B cell number was 0.234 g/l. B cell numbers diminished significantly after the very first infusion by Day 15 (0.104 g/l; p = 0.007); they further decreased until 24 months (0.0013 g/l; p < 0.001). One RTX infusion resulted in incomplete depletion in 76.7% of patients. Upon RTX treatment, changes in CD19+ B cell numbers positively correlated with changes in DAS28 (r = 0.963, p = 0.008) and IgM RF (r = 0.859, p = 0.028), but not with changes in ACPA production (r = 0.726, p = 0.102). The correlations between B cell numbers and DAS28 were observed in both ACPA-seropositive (r = 0.999, p < 0.0001) and ACPA-negative patient subpopulations (r = 0.962, p = 0.009). The correlation between CD19+ cell numbers and IgM RF was observed only in the ACPA-positive population (r = 0.944, p = 0.005) but not in seronegative patients (r = 0.398, p = 0.435). No safety issues arose.Conclusion.In RA, clinical response to RTX is associated with the extent of B cell depletion and with autoantibody production. Changes in CD19+ B cell numbers correlate with those in disease activity and, in seropositive patients, also with IgM RF, but not with ACPA production. We found that hsFACS may be a useful method to more accurately assess incomplete B cell depletion.
Urinary Biomarkers in Relapsing Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis
Authors: Lieberthal Jason G. , Cuthbertson David , Carette Simon , Hoffman Gary S. , Khalidi Nader A. , Koening Curry L. , Langford Carol A. , Maksimowicz-McKinnon Kathleen , Seo Philip , Specks Ulrich , Ytterberg Steven R. , Merkel Peter A. , Monach Paul A. ,   the Vasculitis Clinical Research Consortium
Published: April 2013

Objective.Glomerulonephritis (GN) is common in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), but tools for early detection of renal involvement are imperfect. We investigated 4 urinary proteins as markers of active renal AAV: alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL).Methods.Patients with active renal AAV (n = 20), active nonrenal AAV (n = 16), and AAV in longterm remission (n = 14) were identified within a longitudinal cohort. Urinary biomarker concentrations (by ELISA) were normalized for urine creatinine. Marker levels during active AAV were compared to baseline remission levels (from 1–4 visits) for each patient. Areas under receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUC), sensitivities, specificities, and likelihood ratios (LR) comparing disease states were calculated.Results.Baseline biomarker levels varied among patients. All 4 markers increased during renal flares (p < 0.05). MCP-1 discriminated best between active renal disease and remission: a 1.3-fold increase in MCP-1 had 94% sensitivity and 89% specificity for active renal disease (AUC = 0.93, positive LR 8.5, negative LR 0.07). Increased MCP-1 also characterized 50% of apparently nonrenal flares. Change in AGP, KIM-1, or NGAL showed more modest ability to distinguish active renal disease from remission (AUC 0.71–0.75). Hematuria was noted in 83% of active renal episodes, but also 43% of nonrenal flares and 25% of remission samples.Conclusion.Either urinary MCP-1 is not specific for GN in AAV, or it identifies early GN not detected by standard assessment and thus has potential to improve care. A followup study with kidney biopsy as the gold standard is needed.
Comment rester performants sans s'épuiser ?
Authors: Carignan Julie 
Published: April 2013

Dans cette course au succès immédiat qui caractérise trop souvent la vie professionnelle, quels sont les facteurs clés communs aux sportifs et aux gestionnaires qui réussissent à livrer une performance saine et durable ? Cet article tente de répondre à cette question en proposant six principes clés – l’introspection, la volonté, l’énergie, le soutien, le talent et l’imputabilité – représentés par l’acronyme In-VESTI, une approche réunissant les meilleures pratiques issues des univers du sport, de la psychologie du travail et de la santé globale. Une telle approche a pour but d’offrir aux employés des moyens de s’investir sainement et d’atteindre une performance optimale et durable.
Sportif et entrepreneur : le cas de Louis Garneau
Authors: Brunelle Éric 
Published: April 2013

Ce texte présente l’histoire de Louis Garneau, un champion cycliste qui a fondé et développé une entreprise devenue prospère et réputée internationalement : Louis Garneau Sports. Le style de gestion qui l’a mené au succès repose sur des principes issus de son expérience sportive. Cet article montre, à partir d’exemples de pratiques appliquées par Louis Garneau, comment des thèmes tels que la motivation, l’autodétermination, la passion, l’apprentissage, le conditionnement mental, la gestion des émotions et la récupération sont importants tant dans les sports que dans les affaires.
Performances et (re-)financement de l'enseignement supérieur en Communauté Française : quelles perspectives ?
Authors: David Quentin 
Published: April 2013

Cet article montre que le paysage de l’enseignement supérieur en Communauté Française est affecté par des réformes successives dont la pertinence n’a pas encore été démontrée. Parallèlement, il est sous-financé alors que ses performances sont tout à fait remarquables. Mais sans réformes adéquates, et sans un refinancement significatif, ses performances risquent de se détériorer. L’augmentation des subsides publics semble illusoire en cette période de crise. Augmenter le coût des études, même si c’est accompagné par la mise en place de prêts d’études contingents aux revenus futurs, risque de ne pas contribuer à rencontrer les objectifs de Lisbonne. Dans ce contexte, je plaide pour a mise en place d’un « Tax Shelter pour l’enseignement supérieur ».
Would Engineers Need Non-technical Skills or Non-technical Competences or Both?
Authors: Parts Velli , Teichmann Mare , Rüütmann Tiia 
Published: April 2013

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> <p class="Abstract"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Two main competence approaches are under the discussion. There is evidence that </span><span lang="EN-US">graduates do not fully perceive and/or underestimate the influence of non-technical competences on their employability. An understanding of the necessity of non-technical competences develops after a graduate has already been hired and is working at that job.</span><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB"> </span></p> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;	mso-style-noshow:yes;	mso-style-parent:"";	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;	mso-para-margin:0cm;	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;	font-size:10.0pt;	font-family:"Times New Roman";} --> <!--[endif] -->
Integration of Non-Technical Engineering Competences into Contemporary Engineering Curricula
Authors: Rüütmann Tiia , Parts Velli , Teichmann Mare , Kipper Hants 
Published: April 2013

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--> <p class="Abstract"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--></p><p class="Abstract"><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;	mso-style-noshow:yes;	mso-style-parent:"";	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;	mso-para-margin:0cm;	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;	font-size:10.0pt;	font-family:"Times New Roman";} --> <!--[endif] --></p><p class="Abstract"><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p class="Abstract"><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;	mso-style-noshow:yes;	mso-style-parent:"";	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;	mso-para-margin:0cm;	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;	font-size:10.0pt;	font-family:"Times New Roman";} --> <!--[endif] --></p><p class="Abstract"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Today the professional competence of an engineer has become crucial for further social and economic developments. Importance of implementing non-technical engineering competencies in&nbsp;general education of engineers for forming their personality has been discussed in the present paper. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;</span>the present paper. </span></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p class="Abstract">&nbsp;</p> <!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable	{mso-style-name:"Table Normal";	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;	mso-style-noshow:yes;	mso-style-parent:"";	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;	mso-para-margin:0cm;	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;	mso-pagination:widow-orphan;	font-size:10.0pt;	font-family:"Times New Roman";} --> <!--[endif] -->
Tordre ou briser le bâton de la justice ?
Authors: Bérard Jean 
Published: April 2013

Cet article porte sur les débats suscités dans les mouvements contestataires nés après mai 68 par l’idée d’appliquer une répression pénale plus sévère aux illégalismes commis par les membres des classes dominantes. Son hypothèse est que ce débat est un aspect de la déstabilisation des positions politiques en matière pénale initiée dans les années 1970 et qu’il a pris forme parmi les militants au croisement entre la reprise par les mouvements d’extrême-gauche d’une analyse critique de la justice comme justice de classe et la mise en cause des institutions disciplinaires par d’autres mouvements sociaux. Il montre que, dans le contexte de l’échec des tentatives maoïstes de « justice populaire », les luttes contre les institutions d’enfermement ont pris le pas sur la volonté d’appliquer des peines de prison à des membres des couches sociales favorisées, et que cette situation a engendré une certaine indétermination militante dont les conséquences structurent le champ contemporain. S’il est consensuel chez les acteurs militants de demander que la lumière soit faite sur les illégalismes politiques et financiers, le sort pénal qui doit être réservé aux auteurs d’infraction est sujet à interrogations.
A Stimulation-Dependent Alternate Core Promoter Links Lymphotoxin α Expression with TGF-β1 and Fibroblast Growth Factor-7 Signaling in Primary Human T Cells
Authors: Yokley Brian H. , Selby Sandra T. , Posch Phillip E. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Lymphotoxin (LT)-α regulates many biologic activities, yet little is known of the regulation of its gene. In this study, the contribution to LTA transcriptional regulation of the region between the transcription and translation start sites (downstream segment) was investigated. The LTA downstream segment was found to be required for, and alone to be sufficient for, maximal transcriptional activity in both T and B lymphocytes. The latter observation suggested that an alternate core promoter might be present in the downstream segment. Characterization of LTA mRNAs isolated from primary and from transformed human T cells under different stimulation conditions identified eight unique transcript variants (TVs), including one (LTA TV8) that initiated within a polypyrimidine tract near the 3′ end of the downstream segment. Further investigation determined that the LTA downstream segment alternate core promoter that produces the LTA TV8 transcript most likely consists of a stimulating protein 1 binding site and an initiator element and that factors involved in transcription initiation (stimulating protein 1, TFII-I, and RNA polymerase II) bind to this LTA region in vivo. Interestingly, the LTA downstream segment alternate core promoter was active only after specific cellular stimulation and was the major promoter used when human T cells were stimulated with TGF-β1 and fibroblast growth factor-7. Most importantly, this study provides evidence of a direct link for crosstalk between T cells and epithelial/stromal cells that has implications for LT signaling by T cells in the cooperative regulation of various processes typically associated with TGF-βR and fibroblast growth factor-R2 signaling.