bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Common US immigration consequences of mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Diaz William 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– Observes that, with increasing federal scrutiny and the risk of raids, fines and even prosecution, businesses engaged in mergers and acquisitions must ensure that violations of US immigration law are minimized through due diligence and planning.

Design/methodology/approach
– Examines the common US immigration consequences of mergers and acquisitions under the sub-headings of ensuring I-9 compliance; preserving qualifying corporate relationships for L-1A/L-1B intra-company transferees; retaining current H-1B visa employees; corporate ownership and maintaining eligibility for E-1/E-2 visas; and employees awaiting legal permanent resident status.

Findings
– Shows that, while there are a number of US immigration consequences that flow from a merger or acquisition, critical considerations include the effect on current employees; ease of future global mobility in hiring and transferring personnel; and compliance to avoid fines and other sanctions.

Practical implications
– Argues that failure to adequately consider US immigration consequences can prove costly, as foreign employees may face inconvenient limitations or outright termination of their ability to work in the USA on the basis of changes in corporate structure, ownership or occupation.

Social implications
– Draws attention to the fact that, in the midst of a merger or acquisition, US immigration matters are often an afterthought to be addressed by in-house counsel lacking immigration expertise, or by outside immigration counsel potentially engaged late in a transaction.

Originality/value
– Concludes that the consequences of mergers and acquisitions affect current personnel, global mobility of future hires and liabilities pertaining to regulatory compliance. As a result, due diligence and early involvement of qualified US immigration counsel are critical to ensure a smooth transition for businesses and employees alike.
Walgreens Boots Alliance goes multi-lingual through e-learning
Authors: Guinzoni Roberta 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– Explains how Walgreens Boots Alliance teamed up with Rosetta Stone on a digital language-learning program that is bringing many and significant benefits to individual employees and the company as a whole.

Design/methodology/approach
– Reveals that the aims were to develop English fluency for the non-English native speakers in the organization that work across countries and divisions and build language skills in at least one other main language spoken widely within the business. Provides a series of tips for anyone wanting to gain the far-reaching benefits of language learning in their organization.

Findings
– Describes how the e-learning course includes live online sessions with native-speaking tutors, conversation practice and games. Explains that the company also plans to supplement the structured digital-based learning with practice sessions in a work setting. These are planned to be so informal that people do not feel like they are learning or being taught. They will be social, networking occasions, such as “lunch in French” or other scheduled get-togethers where people are able to practice the language that they are learning.

Practical implications
– Highlights the importance of being realistic about time, supporting employees facing a digital challenge, getting sponsor support, integrating the continuous-learning concept into the organization, and using ambassadors.

Social implications
– Advances the view that a mastery of foreign languages is essential for successful business collaboration across countries and cultures, particularly for managers and directors. In providing language training for these serious learners, the company is not only helping its employees to understand each other better and relate to each other’s background and culture but also growing the business.

Originality/value
– Concludes that a digital-learning approach to language learning can help businesses to meet their learning goals and deliver training that is interactive, convenient and fun for learners.
Making of a team: role of it’s leader. Shane Warne’s Rajasthan Royals
Authors: Hajela Shubhra 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine a team sport and draw implications for organizational functioning. The case focuses on Rajasthan Royals which is a cricket team of the Indian Premier League. By using the sports context the case encourages critical thought on concepts like team formation, team leadership, team effectiveness and managing diversity in team.Design/methodology/approach– The case study contains a descriptive account of building of a team and how leadership in team aided the process. The account is based on secondary sources of data reflecting multiple perspectives of the coach, players, and critics along with the reflective account of the leader.Findings– The concept of “shared leadership”, various roles of a leader, importance of productive team culture, motivation, coaching, handling diversity and team effectiveness have been illustrated.Research limitations/implications– The issues dealt in the case are similar to what the competing teams in organisations face today. The case helps draw insight into team formation and the role of a leader in forming a strong team.Practical implications– The case is designed to represent the challenges one can meet while building a team and in playing the role of a team leader. Through this case the perspective of “leadership as a process” is presented as against the oft accepted understanding of “leadership as a person”. It also posits strategies that can be adopted to inculcate team identity, team commitment and lays the foundation of a productive work culture where teams can flourish. In doing so it gives an opportunity to critically understand and apply these concepts within an organisational scenario.Social implications– It gives an example of a passionate leader who built a winning team and also empowered the individual team members.Originality/value– The case study draws its strength from a sport and provides insight into the team building issues pertinent in organisations today. The case can be used in the classroom (to discuss topics like team building and leadership) as well as in training managers.
The role of the law in Chinese judicial mediation: a case study
Authors: Lanfang Fei 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to examine how the law may play a role in mediation by paying special attention to how the law is excluded from and included in the process of court mediation in China.

Design/methodology/approach
– Hundred model court mediation cases selected by the Supreme People’s Court of China were analysed and reviewed.

Findings
– The law is relevant in Chinese-style court mediation in four ways: first, judge-mediators are intended to use mediation to avoid resolving legal difficulties or challenges; second, judge-mediators consult the law to anticipate the losing party and the potential negative effects that might result from the adjudication; third, judge-mediators refer to the law to propose a mediation scheme or plan to guide the parties to settle; and fourth, judge-mediators would use the law as a bargaining chip in various ways to induce the parties to settle.

Research limitations/implications
– Standards should be set out for the use of law in the mediation process to standardise judge-mediators’ actions, to ensure that the law is not used coercively to push settlement, which would undermine the parties’ self-determination in mediation.

Originality/value
– This paper provides an original understanding of how law affects the process, the outcomes and, ultimately, the nature of settlements that parties achieve through court mediation in China. This study contributes to the literature that argues that ethical norms and legal standards should be set to direct those legal evaluations.
Informed consent in probation and parole settings
Authors: Yeates Kevin 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the complex factors associated with informed consent in probation and parole settings.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author conducted a literature review exploring informed consent in correctional settings. To identify articles for review, the author searched electronic peer-reviewed literature databases for articles on: informed consent, corrections, probation, parole, voluntariness, and coercion.

Findings
– There is evidence in the literature to suggest that the informed consent process is significantly more complicated within correctional settings than in civilian contexts. The use of implicit and explicit coercion and determining an offender’s voluntariness status may be a problematic prospect unique to the setting. This manuscript makes recommendations to ensure informed consent is truly obtained and to safeguard client welfare.

Originality/value
– There is a paucity of literature on providing mental health services in probation and parole settings. Furthermore, this paper is unique in discussing factors associated with the informed consent process in that context.
Critical design and evaluation factors of mobile business models
Authors: Al-Debei Mutaz M. , Al-Lozi Enas , Al-Hujran Omar 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to define critical design and evaluation factors of business models (BM) for mobile network operators (MNOs) in general, and more specifically for mobile data services.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper follows a qualitative approach. Aiming to identify critical design factors for mobile BMs, this research, as a part of larger research, examines three real-life cases related to mobile data service BM design and engineering. These cases are Orange Business Services (OBS); Apple’s iPhone services and applications, and NTT DoCoMo’s i-mode service.

Findings
– In this paper, the authors provide a framework for designing and developing Market-Aligned, Cohesive, Dynamic, Explicit, and Unique BMs with Fitting Network-Mode, which, if adopted by MNOs, would ensure their long-term success by improving the sustainability and innovation capabilities of their BMs. These critical design factors address different spheres of the mobile business: “Cohesion” and “Explicitness” are operator-oriented, whereas “Market-Alignment,” “Dynamicity,” “Uniqueness,” and “Fitting Network-Mode” are industry-oriented.

Research limitations/implications
– Although the paper provides in-depth analysis of three case studies in the context of mobile telecommunications, the authors cannot claim that the developed framework can be generalized to all services in the mobile telecommunications industry. Further validation through empirical testing is preferred and this could be done in future research.

Practical implications
– The developed framework is of value to MNOs as it provides them with a holistic approach for designing and also evaluating successful BMs over time. This is because the developed framework defines critical design factors for BMs in the contexts of their environments.

Originality/value
– The domain of BMs is still emerging within the field of information systems. The majority of prior studies either tackled the issue of BM definition or provided taxonomies and classifications of this concept. The originality of this paper comes from the fact that it takes further steps in developing the concept by providing a comprehensive framework which encapsulates critical design and evaluation factors of mobile BMs.
Ecological legacies of civil war: 35‐year increase in savanna tree cover following wholesale large‐mammal declines
Authors: Daskin Joshua H. , Stalmans Marc , Pringle Robert M. 
Published: September 2015

Summary

Large mammalian herbivores (LMH) exert strong effects on plants in tropical savannas, and many wild LMH populations are declining. However, predicting the impacts of these declines on vegetation structure remains challenging.

Experiments suggest that tree cover can increase rapidly following LMH exclusion. Yet it is unclear whether these results scale up to predict ecosystem‐level impacts of LMH declines, which often alter fire regimes, trigger compensatory responses of other herbivores and accompany anthropogenic land‐use changes. Moreover, theory predicts that grazers and browsers should have opposing effects on tree cover, further complicating efforts to forecast the outcomes of community‐wide declines.

We used the near‐extirpation of grazing and browsing LMH from Gorongosa National Park during the Mozambican Civil War (1977–1992) as a natural experiment to test whether megafaunal collapse increased tree cover. We classified herbaceous and tree cover in satellite images taken (a) at the onset of war in 1977 and (b) in 2012, two decades after hostilities ceased.

Throughout the 3620‐km2 park, proportional tree cover increased by 34% (from 0.29 to 0.39) – an addition of 362 km2. Four of the park's five major habitat zones (including miombo woodland, Acacia–Combretum–palm savanna, and floodplain grassland) showed even greater increases in tree cover (51–134%), with an average increase of 94% in ecologically critical Rift Valley habitats. Only in the eastern Cheringoma Plateau, which had historically low wildlife densities, did tree cover decrease (by 5%).

The most parsimonious explanation for these results is that reduced browsing pressure enhanced tree growth, survival and/or recruitment; we found no directional trends in rainfall or fire that could explain increased tree cover.

Synthesis. Catastrophic large‐herbivore die‐offs in Mozambique's flagship national park were followed by 35 years of woodland expansion, most severely in areas where pre‐war wildlife biomass was greatest. These findings suggest that browsing release supersedes grazer–grass–fire feedbacks in governing ecosystem‐level tree cover, consistent with smaller‐scale experimental results, although the potentially complementary effect of CO2 fertilization cannot be definitively ruled out. Future work in Gorongosa will reveal whether recovering LMH populations reverse this trend, or alternatively whether woody encroachment hinders ongoing restoration efforts.
Anxious? Depressed? You might be suffering from capitalism: contradictory class locations and the prevalence of depression and anxiety in the USA
Authors: Prins Seth J. , Bates Lisa M. , Keyes Katherine M. , Muntaner Carles 
Published: September 2015

AbstractDespite a well‐established social gradient for many mental disorders, there is evidence that individuals near the middle of the social hierarchy suffer higher rates of depression and anxiety than those at the top or bottom. Although prevailing indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) cannot detect or easily explain such patterns, relational theories of social class, which emphasise political‐economic processes and dimensions of power, might. We test whether the relational construct of contradictory class location, which embodies aspects of both ownership and labour, can explain this nonlinear pattern. Data on full‐time workers from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (n = 21859) show that occupants of contradictory class locations have higher prevalence and odds of depression and anxiety than occupants of non‐contradictory class locations. These findings suggest that the effects of class relations on depression and anxiety extend beyond those of SES, pointing to under‐studied mechanisms in social epidemiology, for example, domination and exploitation.
Effect of Cellulose Acetate Beads on the Release of Transforming Growth Factor‐β
Authors: Nishise Shoichi , Abe Yasuhiko , Nomura Eiki , Sato Takeshi , Sasaki Yu , Iwano Daisuke , Yagi Makoto , Sakuta Kazuhiro , Shibuya Rika , Mizumoto Naoko , Kanno Nana , Ueno Yoshiyuki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTransforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is released by activated platelets and induces the differentiation of T‐helper 17 from naïve T cells. Contact between blood and cellulose acetate (CA) beads induces cytokine release, although their inflammatory effects on TGF‐β release are unclear. We aimed to clarify the effect of CA beads on the release of TGF‐β in vitro. We incubated peripheral blood with and without CA beads and measured platelets and TGF‐β. Compared with blood samples incubated without beads, the platelet count and amount of TGF‐β significantly decreased in blood samples incubated with CA beads. In conclusion, CA beads inhibited the release of TGF‐β from adsorbed platelets. The biological effects of this reduction of TGF‐β release during platelet adsorption to CA beads need further clarification.
The Dynamics of State Policy Liberalism, 1936–2014
Authors: Caughey Devin , Warshaw Christopher 
Published: September 2015

AbstractApplying a dynamic latent‐variable model to data on 148 policies collected over eight decades (1936–2014), we produce the first yearly measure of the policy liberalism of U.S. states. Our dynamic measure of state policy liberalism marks an important advance over existing measures, almost all of which are purely cross‐sectional and thus cannot be used to study policy change. We find that, in the aggregate, the policy liberalism of U.S. states steadily increased between the 1930s and 1970s and then largely plateaued. The policy liberalism of most states has remained stable in relative terms, though several states have shifted considerably over time. We also find surprisingly little evidence of multidimensionality in state policy outputs. Our new estimates of state policy liberalism have broad application to the study of political development, representation, accountability, and other important issues in political science.
Possibilities of Urban Belonging
Authors: Bauder Harald 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMany migrants who inhabit cities are illegalized, excluded from formal membership in urban communities, and denied full participation in urban life. In this article, I examine the possibilities of all inhabitants to belong to the city. Drawing on Ernst Bloch, David Harvey, Henry Lefebvre, and others, I theorize different “layers” of possibility and review the literature to explore how these layers apply to urban belonging. Furthermore, I investigate how urban protests and activist practices can materially transform the city to be more accommodating to illegalized migrants, while evoking the different layers of possibility. I conclude with a discussion of the practical and theoretical implications of contemplating the possibilities of urban belonging.
Retracted: rhBNP therapy can improve clinical outcomes and reduce in‐hospital mortality compared with dobutamine in heart failure patients: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Lv Ming‐Yi , Deng Shu‐Ling , Long Xiao‐Feng 
Published: September 2015

AimsA meta‐analysis was performed to compare the therapeutic outcomes in patients treated for heart failure (HF) with recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP) and dobutamine.MethodsPubMed, Embase and the Chinese Biomedical Database were exhaustively searched to identify studies relevant to this meta‐analysis. Eight cohort studies were found suitable for inclusion. Data regarding trial validity, methodological processes and clinical outcomes were extracted.ResultsPatients treated with rhBNP showed statistically significant reduction of in‐hospital mortality and re‐admission rates compared with the dobutamine treated patient group (both P < 0.05). Further, the rhBNP treated patient group showed higher survival outcomes, compared with dobutamine treated patients, when the post‐treatment follow‐up period was longer than 6 months (P < 0.05). Stratified analysis based on ethnicity showed a dramatic decrease of in‐hospital mortality among mixed race HF patients receiving rhBNP treatment (P < 0.05), but such decreases were not statistically significant in Asian and Caucasian populations (both P > 0.05). On the other hand, re‐admission rates were significantly lower in rhBNP treated Caucasian and mixed race populations (both P < 0.05). Notably, in rhBNP treated group, dose levels of 0.015 and 0.03 incrementally lowered the re‐admission rates, displaying dose effect, and the re‐admission rates at both rhBNP doses were significantly lower than the dobutamine treated group (both P < 0.05).ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis results suggested that rhBNP therapy is associated with lower in‐hospital mortality and re‐admission rates in HF patients compared to the dobutamine regimen. Nevertheless, large scale prospective, randomized trials are necessary to confirm these findings.
Long‐term outcomes of soft tissue augmentation around dental implants on soft and hard tissue stability: a systematic review
Authors: Rotundo Roberto , Pagliaro Umberto , Bendinelli Elena , Esposito Marco , Buti Jacopo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate whether the height and volume of the soft tissues and peri‐implant bone levels around dental implants are stable, when soft tissue augmentation has been performed.Materials and MethodsThree operators conducted a search on electronic databases (MEDLINE, COCHRANE, EMBASE) and a hand searching on the main journals dealing with periodontology and implantology until 30 October 2014. Only articles that considered peri‐implant soft tissue augmentation performed in a group of at least 10 patients and with a follow‐up of at least 1 year were selected. The outcome variables were peri‐implant attached/keratinized tissue width (KTW) changes, peri‐implant marginal soft tissue level (PSL) changes, and peri‐implant marginal bone level (PBL) changes. The review was performed according to the PRISMA statements.ResultsTen articles were selected for the qualitative synthesis, but only one meta‐analysis was accomplished, indicating that 1 year after implant recession coverage procedures, a mean gain of 1.65 ± 0.01 mm (90% CrI [1.44; 1.85]) was observed.ConclusionsThere is no long‐term evidence whether augmented soft tissues can be maintained over time and able to influence the peri‐implant bone levels.
Spinal Reflexes and Windup In Vitro: Effects of Analgesics and Anesthetics
Authors: Rivera‐Arconada Ivan , Roza Carolina , Lopez‐Garcia Jose A. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryThe spinal cord is the first relay center for nociceptive information. Following peripheral injury, the spinal cord sensitizes. A sign of spinal sensitization is the hyper‐reflexia which develops shortly after injury and can be detected in the isolated spinal cord as a “memory of pain.” In this context, it is easy to understand that many analgesic compounds target spinally located sites of action to attain analgesia. In vitro isolated spinal cord preparations have been used for a number of years, and experience on the effects of compounds of diverse pharmacological families on spinal function has accumulated. Recently, we have proposed that the detailed study of spinal segmental reflexes in vitro may produce data relevant to the evaluation of the analgesic potential of novel compounds. In this review, we describe the main features of segmental reflexes obtained in vitro and discuss the effects of compounds of diverse chemical nature and pharmacological properties on such reflexes. Our aim was to compare the different profiles of action of the compounds on segmental reflexes in order to extract clues that may be helpful for pharmacological characterization of novel analgesics.