bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dorsolateral subthalamic neuronal activity enhanced by median nerve stimulation characterizes Parkinson’s disease during deep brain stimulation with general anesthesia
Authors: Tsai Sheng-Tzung , Chuang Wei-Yi , Kuo Chung-Chih , Chao Paul C. P. , Chen Tsung-Ying , Hung Hsiang-Yi , Chen Shin-Yuan 
Published: May 2015

OBJECT
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery under general anesthesia is an alternative option for patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, few studies are available that report whether neuronal firing can be accurately recorded during this condition. In this study the authors attempted to characterize the neuronal activity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) and elucidate the influence of general anesthetics on neurons during DBS surgery in patients with PD. The benefit of median nerve stimulation (MNS) for localization of the dorsolateral subterritory of the STN, which is involved in sensorimotor function, was explored.

METHODS
Eight patients with PD were anesthetized with desflurane and underwent contralateral MNS at the wrist during microelectrode recording of the STN. The authors analyzed the spiking patterns and power spectral density (PSD) of the background activity along each penetration track and determined the spatial correlation to the target location, estimated mated using standard neurophysiological procedures.

RESULTS
The dorsolateral STN spiking pattern showed a more prominent bursting pattern without MNS and more oscillation with MNS. In terms of the neural oscillation of the background activity, beta-band oscillation dominated within the sensorimotor STN and showed significantly more PSD during MNS (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Neuronal firing within the STN could be accurately identified and differentiated when patients with PD received general anesthetics. Median nerve stimulation can enhance the neural activity in beta-band oscillations, which can be used as an index to ensure optimal electrode placement via successfully tracked dorsolateral STN topography.
Avoidance and management of perioperative complications of endoscopic third ventriculostomy: the Dhaka experience
Authors: Kawsar Khandkar A. , Haque Mohammod R. , Chowdhury Forhad H. 
Published: May 2015

OBJECT
Although endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a minimally invasive procedure, serious perioperative complications may occur due to the unique surgical maneuvers involved. In this paper the authors report the complications of elective and emergency ETV and their surgical management in 412 patients from July 2006 to October 2012 at Dhaka Medical College Hospital (a government hospital) and other private hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The authors attempted some previously undescribed simple maneuvers that may help to overcome the difficulties of managing complications.

METHODS
The complication rate was determined by recording intraoperative changes in pulse and blood pressure, bleeding episodes, serum electrolyte abnormalities, CSF leakage, and neurological deterioration in the immediate postoperative period.

RESULTS
Intraoperative complications included hemodynamic alterations in the form of tachycardia, bradycardia, and hypertension. Bleeding was categorized as major in 2 cases and minor in 68 cases. Delayed recovery from anesthesia occurred in 14 cases, CSF leakage from the wound in 11 cases, and electrolyte imbalance in 5 cases. Postoperatively, 2 patients suffered convulsions and 1 had evidence of third cranial nerve injury. Three patients died as a result of complications.

CONCLUSIONS
Complications during endoscopy can lead to serious consequences that may sometimes be very difficult to manage. The authors have identified and managed a large number of complications in this series, although the rate of complications is consistent with that in other reported series. These complications should be kept in mind perioperatively by both surgeons and anesthesiologists, as prompt detection and action can help minimize the risks associated with neuroendoscopic procedures.
The double tunnels technique: an alternative minimally invasive approach for carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Vanni Daniele , Sirabella Francesco Saverio , Galzio Renato , Salini Vincenzo , Magliani Vincenzo 
Published: May 2015

OBJECT
The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of an alternative minimally invasive technique for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).

METHODS
This was designed as a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end point evaluation (PROBE) study. The active comparison was double tunnels technique (DTT) (Group A, 110 patients) versus standard open decompression of the median nerve (control [Group B], 110 patients). Patient recruitment started in January 2011. The primary outcomes were the functional Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Questionnaire (BCTSQ) scores and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain (pVAS) at Weeks 2 and 4, and at Months 3, 6, and 12. The secondary outcome was the aesthetics (aVAS) score at Weeks 2 and 4, and at Months 3, 6, and 12.

RESULTS
The Student t-test and ANOVA were used, and the results were considered statistically significant if the p value was ≤ 0.05 for continuous variables. The DTT is a tissue-sparing approach that allows the surgeon to limit the length of the incision (0.6 ± 0.05 cm) and to respect the palmar fascia and the subcutaneous tissue. Recovery from wrist pain, night pain, numbness, stiffness, and weakness was achieved more effectively and quickly compared with the standard approach. Better BCTSQ, pVAS, and aVAS scores were observed in Group A.

CONCLUSIONS
The DTT is a safe and effective approach for the treatment of CTS. This technique entails faster recovery times, better aesthetic outcomes, and lower risks of complications.
Spontaneous resolution of idiopathic thoracic spinal cord herniation: case report
Authors: Samuel Nardin , Goldstein Christina L. , Santaguida Carlo , Fehlings Michael G. 
Published: May 2015

Spinal cord herniation is a relatively rare but increasingly recognized clinical entity, with fewer than 200 cases reported in the literature to date. The etiology of this condition remains unknown, and surgery is used as the primary treatment to correct the herniation and consequent spinal cord compromise. Some patients without clinical progression have been treated with nonoperative measures, including careful follow-up and symptomatic physical therapy. To date, however, there has been no published report on the resolution of spinal cord herniation without surgical intervention.
The patient in the featured case is a 58-year-old man who presented with mild thoracic myelopathy and imaging findings consistent with idiopathic spinal cord herniation. Surprisingly, updated MRI studies, obtained to better delineate the pathology, showed spontaneous resolution of the herniation. Subsequent MRI 6 months later revealed continued resolution of the previous spinal cord herniation.
This is the first report of spontaneous resolution of a spinal cord herniation in the literature. At present, the treatment of this disorder is individualized, with microsurgical correction used in patients with progressive neurological impairment. The featured case highlights the potential variability in the natural history of this condition and supports considering an initial trial of nonoperative management for patients with mild, nonprogressive neurological deficits.
Do Orthotopic Ileal Diversions Induce Immunological Changes in Retained Urethral Tissue?
Authors: Niegisch Günter , Hulsbergen - van de Kaa Christina , Ploeg Martine , Hendricksen Kees , Witjes J. Alfred 
Published: May 2015

Background: A second primary tumors of the urethra (urethral recurrence) after radical cystectomy has been reported to be more infrequent in patients with ileal orthotopic (neobladder) compared to incontinent diversions. Objective: To investigate whether an altered immunogenic environment of urethral tissue is induced by urethro-ileal anastomosis. Methods: Between 10/2008 and 12/2009 urethral biopsies of 19 patients (9 neobladder patients, 10 control patients without urethra-ileal anastomosis) were evaluated by conventional histopathological examination and immunohistochemistry for T- (CD3/CD5, CD4, CD8) and B-cell markers (CD20/22, CD79a, CD138). After semi-quantitative assessment, relative cell fractions (B vs. T cells) and subclasses (T4-helper vs. T8-killer cells vs. B cell clones, plasma cells) in neobladder vs. control patients were studied. Unpaired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Of 19 included patients, 16 were eligible for analysis (7x neobladder, 9x controls). All neobladder patients had undergone cystectomy for UBC. Comparing relative fractions of cells positive for T- and B-cell markers in NB and CO patients, no statistical differences were observed. In 4/7 neobladder patients relative fraction of CD79a positive B-cells was higher than relative fraction of CD3/CD5 positive T-cells (B/T-ratio 1.3). B cells were predominantly CD138 positive plasma cells (5/7 NB patients). Relative B-cell fraction was lower than T-cell fraction in 7/9 control patients (B/T-ratio 0.6). Neither CD 138 positive plasma cells nor CD22 positive B cell clones were predominant. T-helper and CD8 positive T-killer cells were equally distributed in both neobladder (CD4/CD8-ratio: 2.1) and control patients (CD4/CD8-ratio: 1.9). Conclusions: Comparing neobadder and control patients the distribution of B- and T-cells was statistically not different. However, a trend towards an increased presence of B-cells in urethral tissues of NB patients that could become relevant in a larger study might be suggestive for an immunological response induced by connecting urethral and ileal tissue.
Is Exam under Anesthesia Still Necessary for the Staging of Bladder Cancer in the Era of Modern Imaging?
Authors: Rozanski Alexander T. , Benson Cooper R. , McCoy Jacob A. , Green Charles , Grossman H. Barton , Svatek Robert S. , Shah Jay B. 
Published: May 2015

Background: The ability to accurately determine tumor stage in bladder cancer is critical because it impacts the management paradigm and overall prognosis. There is often discrepancy between clinical and pathologic staging. Historically, exam under anesthesia (EUA) has been recommended to assist in the staging of bladder cancer. Objective: In this era of modern imaging technology, we sought to determine if EUA still contributes meaningfully to the local staging of bladder cancer. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 1898 patients from 1994–2013 in our radical cystectomy database at MD Anderson Cancer Center. There were 414 patients that had complete information including EUA and whose surgery was performed by one of two surgeons and included in the final analysis. Univariate and multiple logistic regression models were generated to determine the ability of EUA, imaging, and other patient characteristics to predict pathological fat extension at the time of cystectomy. Results: 38% of patients had≥pT3 disease at the time of cystectomy. 30.9% of patients had findings on EUA suggestive of T3 disease and 28.7% had radiologic findings suggestive of T3 disease. In a model including age, BMI, ethnicity, year of operation, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy among other factors, the only factors predictive of pT3 disease were EUA and imaging (p = 0.002). The combination of EUA and imaging improved the accuracy of clinical staging compared to either modality alone. Conclusions: Despite modern advances in imaging, EUA contributes meaningfully to accurate determination of local bladder cancer stage.
High-throughput DNA Sequencing Identifies Novel CtIP (RBBP8) Variants in Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Patients
Authors: Jevons Sarah J. , Green Angela , Lunter Gerton , Kartsonaki Christiana , Buck David , Piazza Paolo , Kiltie Anne E. 
Published: May 2015

Background: Germline mutations in DNA damage signalling and repair genes predispose individuals to cancer. Rare germline variants may also increase cancer risk and be predictive of outcomes following cancer treatments, but require high-throughput sequencing (HTS) for detection in large cohorts. Objective: To use a dual indexing system on a HTS platform to detect novel variants in CtIP (RBBP8) which may be associated with clinical outcomes following radiotherapy treatment for bladder cancer. Methods: All exons and flanking introns of CtIP were amplified from germline DNA from bladder cancer patients using seven primer pairs by automated long-range PCR. Amplicons were pooled, fragmented and ligated to adaptor sequences. One of 96 tag sequences was introduced at each end by PCR. Sequencing was performed on a single flow cell of an Illumina MiSeq. Reads were mapped by Stampy and variants called by Platypus. For phasing experiments, target regions were amplified and cloned for Sanger sequencing. Results: Of 201 samples, 160 were successfully amplified. Eleven CtIP variants were called, within the exons and 15 bp adjacent intronic DNA, including eight known variants from the 1000 Genomes project, plus three previously unreported variants now confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In two individuals, phasing experiments showed two variants of interest to be on separate alleles, likely to result in stronger impairment of gene function. Conclusions: We have demonstrated proof of principle for dual indexing on 160 samples on one MiSeq flow cell sequencing surface, and show that for the CtIP gene multiplexing of up to 720 samples would provide sufficient coverage to achieve >98% detection power for rare germline variation, reducing HTS costs substantially.
The Prognostic Value of Cell Cycle Gene Expression Signatures in Muscle Invasive, High-Grade Bladder Cancer
Authors: Dancik Garrett M. , Theodorescu Dan 
Published: May 2015

Background: Approximately half of patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer succumb to their disease. Previous work identified cell cycle related genes as a prognostic class of gene expression biomarkers in bladder cancer and found a specific 31-gene cell cycle proliferation (CCP) signature predicted outcome across multiple bladder cancer cohorts. However, the prognostic value of the CCP signature specifically in muscle invasive tumors was not evaluated. Objective: To determine the prognostic value of cycle related genes in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancers. Method: We collected all publicly available gene expression data for patients with high-grade, muscle invasive bladder cancer (8 cohorts, N = 458). We evaluated the CCP signature and two larger cell cycle gene sets: 1826 genes with a Gene Ontology (GO) annotation of “cell cycle” (GO-CCS) and 124 genes belonging to the “cell cycle” pathway in the KEGG pathway database (KEGG-CCS). An independently derived a sex identification gene signature (SIS) was developed as a positive control. Results: While SIS distinguished males from females in all cohorts with information about patient sex, the CCP signature was not prognostic in any of the cohorts we analyzed, and the GO-CCS and KEGG-CCS were never prognostic in more than 2 independent cohorts. Furthermore, neither the CCP, GO-CCS, nor KEGG-CCS signatures were consistently enriched in prognostic genes while SIS was enriched with genes associated with sex in all cohorts. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that cell cycle related genes have limited prognostic value in patients with high-grade, muscle invasive tumors. Their usefulness in predicting progression of noninvasive disease and patient response to chemotherapy remains to be determined.
L'automobile, agent de déconstruction et de recomposition de notre relation au territoire (The automobile, an agent deconstructing and recomposing our relationship to the territory)
Authors: Piveteau Jean-Luc 
Published: May 2015

Résumé. - L'automobile bouscule les frontières de nos trois niveaux de référence anthropologiques fondamentaux : notre corps, notre maison, notre environnement. Mais son action est ambivalente, car en même temps qu'elle déconstruit nos territoires, elle les recompose autrement.
La «signalisation de direction», qui est un élément de l'infrastructure routière, pourrait jouer un rôle inattendu. Car si son objectif est d'améliorer la fluidité des déplacements, elle a également pour effet d'imprimer dans le psychisme des conducteurs des points de repères topographiques clairement différenciés.
SIG et gestion de l'étalement urbain (GIS and spraw management)
Authors: Maret Isabelle , Dakan Bill 
Published: May 2015

Résumé. - Les Américains ont inventé un nouveau mode de vie et changé presque toutes les routines de travail, les activités de loisirs. Leur recherche d'une qualité de vie «péri-urbaine » remet en cause la ville traditionnelle.
La croissance « péri-urbaine » fragmentée pose cependant des problèmes environnementaux et préoccupe les acteurs politiques locaux. Revitaliser le centre-ville tout en maîtrisant l'étalement urbain, est le défi qui s'impose aux aménageurs. Il est d'autant plus difficile à relever que les données sont dispersées, les règles de planification morcelées entre les Etats, les comtés, les villes.
Cet article propose une utilisation des SIG capable de décrire et d'analyser l'étalement urbain et d'en montrer les différentes facettes, dans un Etat à la croissance démographique modérée : le Kentucky. Les SIG permettent de visualiser les changements rapides et profonds qui affectent les paysages. Ils offrent des synthèses utiles à la compréhension des mécanismes de transformation de l'utilisation de l'espace et pourraient aider à apporter des réponses aux urbanistes soucieux d'un développement harmonieux de leur ville.
Linked Records of Children with Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Bennett T. D. , Dean J. M. , Keenan H. T. , McGlincy M. H. , Thomas A. M. , Cook L. J. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryObjective: Record linkage may create powerful datasets with which investigators can conduct comparative effectiveness studies evaluating the impact of tests or interventions on health. All linkages of health care data files to date have used protected health information (PHI) in their linkage variables. A technique to link datasets without using PHI would be advantageous both to preserve privacy and to increase the number of potential linkages.Methods: We applied probabilistic linkage to records of injured children in the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB, N = 156,357) and the Pediatric Health Information Systems (PHIS, N = 104,049) databases from 2007 to 2010. 49 match variables without PHI were used, many of them administrative variables and indicators for procedures recorded as International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification codes. We validated the accuracy of the linkage using identified data from a single center that submits to both databases.Results: We accurately linked the PHIS and NTDB records for 69% of children with any injury, and 88% of those with severe traumatic brain injury eligible for a study of intervention effectiveness (positive predictive value of 98%, specificity of 99.99%). Accurate linkage was associated with longer lengths of stay, more severe injuries, and multiple injuries.Conclusion: In populations with substantial illness or injury severity, accurate record linkage may be possible in the absence of PHI. This methodology may enable linkages and, in turn, comparative effectiveness studies that would be unlikely or impossible otherwise.
Comprendre l’informatisation
Authors: Volle Michel 
Published: May 2015

Quel individu est capable de mesurer l’étendue de l’informatisation dans son environnement quotidien ? Pourtant, celle-ci ne cesse de l’accompagner, d’agir sur son existence, de son domicile à son bureau. Quels bouleversements a-t-elle ainsi provoqués sur les plans culturels mais aussi sociologiques et économiques depuis sa création ? Voici quelques pistes de réflexion pour mieux comprendre ses effets, son impact.
Laïcité, respect des croyances et liberté d’expression
Authors: Leclerc Henri 
Published: May 2015

La loi de 1905 de séparation des Églises et de l’État consacre l’affirmation de la neutralité de l’État en matière religieuse, et constitue le fondement du principe de laïcité dans notre République. Pour ce qui est de la liberté de conscience, l’article 10 de la Déclaration des droits de l’homme et du citoyen de 1789 affirme que « Nul ne doit être inquiété pour ses opinions, même religieuses ». Le respect des croyances s’inscrit dans cette double reconnaissance de la neutralité de l’État et de la liberté de conscience. Mais que recouvre précisément ce droit au respect des croyances ? La Cour européenne laisse une grande marge de manœuvre aux États et a tendance, dans ses arrêts, à privilégier la sensibilité des croyants sur la liberté d’expression. La jurisprudence française quant à elle a évolué ; elle a, à plusieurs reprises, refusé de condamner une publication dont le caractère choquant était manifeste, mais pour laquelle il n’était pas établi, de la part de l’auteur, une intention spécifique d’outrager les croyants. À propos des caricatures, les juges ont eu l’occasion de déclarer qu’il s’agissait d’un genre littéraire qui, bien que délibérément provoquant, participait indéniablement au débat démocratique. ■
Sur la chute de Blaise Compaoré. Autorité et colère dans les derniers jours d’un régime
Authors: Bonnecase Vincent 
Published: May 2015

Cet article revient sur la chute de Blaise Compaoré en questionnant le lien entre les manifestations explosives de la contestation qui se sont exprimées dans ce contexte précis et des formes d’expression plus diffuse de la colère et de l’autorité, observées dans le cadre d’un plus long terrain. Deux éléments y sont plus particulièrement discutés : le premier touche à la pluralité des régimes de légitimité mis en concurrence dans les derniers jours de la présidence de Blaise Compaoré, et le second à l’hétérogénéité des colères qui se sont agglomérées le temps d’une courte révolution. Au final, il s’agira de montrer que cette fin de régime, pas plus qu’elle n’a constitué l’issue inéluctable des manœuvres constitutionnelles de l’ancien président ou de l’épuisement de sa propre légitimité, n’a pas non plus suivi une logique uniforme qui aurait été encadrée par les associations et les partis d’opposition à des fins que partagerait le plus grand nombre, elle a davantage consisté en une rencontre fortuite de colères hétérogènes, dans un contexte d’affrontement marqué entre différents régimes de légitimité.