bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of a health professional recommendation on weight loss attempts in overweight and obese British adults: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Jackson Sarah E , Wardle Jane , Johnson Fiona , Finer Nicholas , Beeken Rebecca J 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesTo examine the effect that health professional (HP) advice to lose weight has on overweight and obese adults’ motivation to lose weight and attempts to lose weight.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingGreat Britain.Participants810 overweight or obese (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) adults.Main outcome measuresParticipants were asked if they had ever received HP advice to lose weight and reported their desire to weigh less (ideal weight ≤95% of current weight) and whether they were attempting to lose weight.ResultsOnly 17% of overweight and 42% of obese respondents recalled ever having received HP advice to lose weight. HP advice was associated with wanting to weigh less (89% vs 61% among those not receiving advice) and attempting to lose weight (68% vs 37%). In multivariable analyses, HP advice to lose weight was associated with increased odds of wanting to weigh less (OR=3.71, 95% CI 2.10 to 6.55) and attempting to lose weight (OR=3.53, 95% CI 2.44 to 5.10) independent of demographic characteristics and weight status.ConclusionsHP advice to lose weight appears to increase motivation to lose weight and weight loss behaviour, but only a minority of overweight or obese adults receive such advice. Better training for HPs in delivering brief weight counselling could offer an opportunity to improve obese patients’ motivation to lose weight.
Personality factors predict sleep-related shift work tolerance in different shifts at 2-year follow-up: a prospective study
Authors: Storemark Sunniva Straume , Fossum Ingrid Nesdal , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Moen Bente Elisabeth , Flo Elisabeth , Pallesen Ståle 
Published: November 2013

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to investigate whether the personality variables morningness, flexibility, languidity and hardiness could predict sleep-related shift work tolerance for the day, evening and night shifts, respectively.DesignProspective study design with questionnaires administered in winter 2008/2009 (wave 1) and 2 years later in spring 2011 (wave 3).SettingDifferent healthcare institutions in Norway.ParticipantsThe sample comprised in all 700 nurses working a three-shift rotating schedule.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe personality variables were assessed at wave 1, as were the demographic, lifestyle and work-related variables. Sleep-related shift work tolerance, assessed at wave 3, was measured separately for the day, evening and night shifts with the Bergen Shift Work Sleep Questionnaire.ResultsMorningness was positively associated with sleep-related day shift tolerance (p<0.001). Flexibility was positively associated with sleep-related tolerance for the evening as well as night shift (p<0.001). Furthermore, languidity was negatively associated with sleep-related shift tolerance for the day, evening and night shifts (p<0.001, <0.01, <0.05, respectively). Hardiness was positively associated with sleep-related tolerance for the day, evening and night shifts (p<0.001, <0.01, <0.05, respectively). Age was negatively associated with sleep-related shift tolerance for the day, night (p<0.01) and evening shifts (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe findings indicate that hardiness and languidity predict sleep-related shift work tolerance across all shift types among shift working nurses. The effects of flexibility and morningness seem to depend on the shift schedule. By and large, our results are in accordance with previous studies; however, we have now demonstrated the prospective importance of personality in relation to sleep-related shift work tolerance across different shifts.
Defective Stromal Remodeling and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Lymphoid Tissues Favor the Transition from Autoimmunity to Lymphoma
Authors: Sangaletti Sabina , Tripodo Claudio , Vitali Caterina , Portararo Paola , Guarnotta Carla , Casalini Patrizia , Cappetti Barbara , Miotti Silvia , Pinciroli Patrizia , Fuligni Fabio , Fais Franco , Piccaluga Pier Paolo , Colombo Mario P. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAltered expression of matricellular proteins can become pathogenic in the presence of persistent perturbations in tissue homeostasis. Here, we show that autoimmunity associated with Fas mutation was exacerbated and transitioned to lymphomagenesis in the absence of SPARC (secreted protein acidic rich in cysteine). The absence of SPARC resulted in defective collagen assembly, with uneven compartmentalization of lymphoid and myeloid populations within secondary lymphoid organs (SLO), and faulty delivery of inhibitory signals from the extracellular matrix. These conditions promoted aberrant interactions between neutrophil extracellular traps and CD5+ B cells, which underwent malignant transformation due to defective apoptosis under the pressure of neutrophil-derived trophic factors and NF-κB activation. Furthermore, this model of defective stromal remodeling during lymphomagenesis correlates with human lymphomas arising in a SPARC-defective environment, which is prototypical of CD5+ B–cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).Significance: These results reveal the importance of stromal remodeling in SLO to accommodate autoimmune lymphoproliferation while preventing lymphomagenesis. Our findings reveal a link between SPARC, collagen deposition, and the engagement of the immune-inhibitory receptor LAIR-1 on neutrophils, neutrophil cell death via NETosis, and the stimulation of CD5+ B–cell proliferation. Moreover, we show that SPARC deficiency promotes CD5+ B–cell lymphomagenesis and is correlated with CLL in humans. Cancer Discov; 4(1); 110–29. ©2013 AACR.See related commentary by Brekken, p. 25This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
Reputation and science: examining the effectiveness of DBT in the treatment of borderline personality disorder
Authors: Bendit Nicholas 
Published: November 2013

Objective: This paper examines the evidence base for dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) in the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Conclusion: DBT has built an impressive reputation within psychology and psychiatry as an effective treatment for deliberate self harm and chronic suicidal behaviours in patients with BPD. However, when each of the randomised controlled trials that comprise this evidence base is examined carefully, the actual results are less convincing about DBT’s positive reputation.
Gastrointestinal motility revisited: The wireless motility capsule
Authors: Farmer Adam D , Scott S Mark , Hobson Anthony R 
Published: November 2013

IntroductionThe wireless motility capsule (WMC) is a novel ambulatory technology that concurrently measures intraluminal pH, temperature, and pressure as it traverses the gastrointestinal tract.ObjectivesWe aim to provide a concise summary of the WMC, detailing the procedure for its administration and the parameters it records. We also review the evidence that has validated the WMC against other methods currently regarded as ‘gold standard’.ConclusionsThe WMC offers a number of advantages over and above current techniques, especially with respect to patient tolerability, safety, and standardization. The WMC represents a considerable enhancement of the researchers’ and clinicians’ investigatory armamentarium. If this technology becomes widely adopted, coupled with international consensus upon the interpretation of physiological data derived therein, it may herald a new and exciting era in gastrointestinal physiology.
Metabolite and transcriptome analysis during fasting suggest a role for the p53-Ddit4 axis in major metabolic tissues
Authors: Schupp Michael , Chen Fang , Briggs Erika R , Rao Shilpa , Pelzmann Helmut J , Pessentheiner Ariane R , Bogner-Strauss Juliane G , Lazar Mitchell A , Baldwin Don , Prokesch Andreas 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Fasting induces specific molecular and metabolic adaptions in most organisms. In biomedical research fasting is used in metabolic studies to synchronize nutritional states of study subjects. Because there is a lack of standardization for this procedure, we need a deeper understanding of the dynamics and the molecular mechanisms in fasting.

Results
We investigated the dynamic changes of liver gene expression and serum parameters of mice at several time points during a 48 hour fasting experiment and then focused on the global gene expression changes in epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) as well as on pathways common to WAT, liver, and skeletal muscle. This approach produced several intriguing insights: (i) rather than a sequential activation of biochemical pathways in fasted liver, as current knowledge dictates, our data indicates a concerted parallel response; (ii) this first characterization of the transcriptome signature of WAT of fasted mice reveals a remarkable activation of components of the transcription apparatus; (iii) most importantly, our bioinformatic analyses indicate p53 as central node in the regulation of fasting in major metabolic tissues; and (iv) forced expression of Ddit4, a fasting-regulated p53 target gene, is sufficient to augment lipolysis in cultured adipocytes.

Conclusions
In summary, this combination of focused and global profiling approaches provides a comprehensive molecular characterization of the processes operating during fasting in mice and suggests a role for p53, and its downstream target Ddit4, as novel components in the transcriptional response to food deprivation.
Parkin depletion delays motor decline dose-dependently without overtly affecting neuropathology in α-synuclein transgenic mice
Authors: Fournier Margot , Roux Amandine , Garrigue Jérôme , Muriel Marie-Paule , Blanche Paul , Lashuel Hilal A , Anderson John P , Barbour Robin , Huang Jiping , du Montcel Sophie Tezenas , Brice Alexis , Corti Olga 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Mutations of the gene encoding the major component of Lewy bodies (LB), α-synuclein (α-syn), cause autosomal dominant forms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), whereas loss-of-function mutations of the gene encoding the multifunctional E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Parkin account for autosomal recessive forms of the disease. Parkin overproduction protects against α-syn-dependent neurodegeneration in various in vitro and in vivo models, but it remains unclear whether this process is affected by Parkin deficiency. We addressed this issue, by carrying out more detailed analyses of transgenic mice overproducing the A30P variant of human α-syn (hA30Pα-syn) and with two, one or no parkin knockout alleles.

Results
Longitudinal behavioral follow-up of these mice indicated that Parkin depletion delayed disease-predictive sensorimotor impairment due to α-syn accumulation, in a dose-dependent fashion. At the end stage of the disease, neuronal deposits containing fibrillar α-syn species phosphorylated at S129 (PS129α-syn) were the predominant neuropathological feature in hA30Pα-syn mice, regardless of their parkin expression. Some of these deposits colocalized with the LB markers ubiquitin and α-syn truncated at D135 (α-synD135), indicating that PS129α-syn is subjected to secondary posttranslational modification (PTM); these features were not significantly affected by parkin dysfunction.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that Parkin deficiency acts as a protective modifier in α-syn-dependent neurodegeneration, without overtly affecting the composition and characteristics of α-syn deposits in end-stage disease.
Influenza and hepatitis B vaccination coverage among healthcare workers in Croatian hospitals: a series of cross-sectional surveys, 2006–2011
Authors: Civljak Rok , Papic Neven , Stamenic Valerija , Kalenic Smilja , Kuzman Ilija , Car Josip 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at an increased risk of exposure to and transmission of infectious diseases. Vaccination lowers morbidity and mortality of HCWs and their patients. To assess vaccination coverage for influenza and hepatitis B virus (HBV) among HCWs in Croatian hospitals, we conducted yearly nationwide surveys.

Methods
From 2006 to 2011, all 66 Croatian public hospitals, representing 43–60% of all the HCWs in Croatia, were included. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance, Dunn’s multiple comparison analysis and the chi-square test, as appropriate.

Results
The median seasonal influenza vaccination coverage rates in pre-pandemic (2006–2008) seasons were 36%, 25% and 29%, respectively. By occupation, influenza vaccination rates among physicians were 33 ± 21%, 33 ± 22% among graduate nurses, 30±34% among other HCWs, 26 ± 21% among housekeeping and the lowest, 23 ± 17%, among practical nurses (p < 0.01). In 2009–2010 season, seasonal influenza vaccination coverage was 30%, while overall vaccination coverage against pandemic influenza was fewer than 5%. Median vaccination coverage in the post-pandemic seasons of 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 decreased to 15% and 14%, respectively (reduction of 24% and 35%, respectively, p < 0.0001). Meanwhile, the median mandatory HBV vaccination coverage was 98%, albeit with considerable differences according to work setting (range 19–100%) and occupation (range 4–100%).

Conclusions
We found substantial year-on-year variations in seasonal influenza vaccination rates, with reduction in post pandemic influenza seasons. HBV vaccination is satisfactory compared to seasonal influenza vaccination coverage, although substantial variations by occupation and work setting were observed. These findings highlight the need for national strategies that optimize vaccination coverage among HCWs in Croatian hospitals. Further studies are needed to establish the potential role of mandatory vaccination for seasonal influenza.
Genetic mapping of high caries experience on human chromosome 13
Authors: Küchler Erika C , Deeley Kathleen , Ho Bao , Linkowski Samantha , Meyer Chelsea , Noel Jacqueline , Kouzbari M Zahir , Bezamat Mariana , Granjeiro José M , Antunes Leonardo S , Antunes Livia Azeredo , de Abreu Fernanda Volpe , Costa Marcelo C , Tannure Patricia N , Seymen Figen , Koruyucu Mine , Patir Asli , Mereb Juan C , Poletta Fernando A , Castilla Eduardo E , Orioli Ieda M , Marazita Mary L , Vieira Alexandre R 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Our previous genome-wide linkage scan mapped five loci for caries experience. The purpose of this study was to fine map one of these loci, the locus 13q31.1, in order to identify genetic contributors to caries.

Methods
Seventy-two pedigrees from the Philippines were studied. Caries experience was recorded and DNA was extracted from blood samples obtained from all subjects. Sixty-one single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 13q31.1 were genotyped. Association between caries experience and alleles was tested. We also studied 1,481 DNA samples obtained from saliva of subjects from the USA, 918 children from Brazil, and 275 children from Turkey, in order to follow up the results found in the Filipino families. We used the AliBaba2.1 software to determine if the nucleotide changes of the associated SNPs changed the prediction of the presence of transcription-binding site sequences and we also analyzed the gene expression of the genes selected based on binding predictions. Mutation analysis was also performed in 33 Filipino individuals of a segment of 13q31.1 that is highly conserved in mammals.

Results
Statistically significant association with high caries experience was found for 11 markers in 13q31.1 in the Filipino families. Haplotype analysis also confirmed these results. In the populations used for follow-up purposes, associations were found between high caries experience and a subset of these markers. Regarding the prediction of the transcription-binding site, the base change of the SNP rs17074565 was found to change the predicted-binding of genes that could be involved in the pathogenesis of caries. When the sequence has the allele C of rs17074565, the potential transcription factors binding the sequence are GR and GATA1. When the subject carries the G allele of rs17074565, the potential transcription factor predicted to bind to the sequence is GATA3. The expression of GR in whole saliva was higher in individuals with low caries experience when compared to individuals with high caries experience (p = 0.046). No mutations were found in the highly conserved sequence.

Conclusions
Genetic factors contributing to caries experience may exist in 13q31.1. The rs17074565 is located in an intergenic region and is predicted to disrupt the binding sites of two different transcription factors that might be involved with caries experience. GR expression in saliva may be a biomarker for caries risk and should be further explored.
Towards an optimized inhibition of liver stage development assay (ILSDA) for Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Zou Xiaoyan , House Brent L , Zyzak Michael D , Richie Thomas L , Gerbasi Vincent R 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundExperimental vaccines targetingPlasmodium falciparumhave had some success in recent years. These vaccines use attenuated parasites, recombinant sporozoite proteins, or DNA and virus combinations to induce cell-mediated immune responses and/or antibodies targeting sporozoite surface proteins. To capitalize on the success of these vaccines and understand the mechanisms by which these vaccines function, it is important to develop assays that measure correlates of protection in volunteers. The inhibition of liver stage development assay (ILSDA) tests antibodies for the ability to block sporozoite development in hepatocytes. As such the ILSDA is an excellent candidate assay to identify correlates of humoral protection, particularly against the liver stage of malaria infection. In addition, the ILSDA can be used as a tool to evaluate novel sporozoite antigens for future vaccine development. Historically the ILSDA has suffered from low sporozoite infection rates, absence of standardized reagents, and the subjectivity associated with the traditional primary outcome measures, which depend on microscopy of stained hepatocyte cultures. This study worked to significantly improve sporozoite infection rates in hepatocytes, modify key steps in the assay protocol to reduce experimental variability, and demonstrate the utility of the ILSDA in testing antibodies targeting the circumsporozoite protein.MethodsCryopreserved primary human hepatocytes,Plasmodium falciparumsporozoites, and circumsporozoite antibodies were used to optimize the ILSDA.ResultsInoculation of cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes withPlasmodium falciparumsporozoites improved liver stage development in the ILSDA compared to HCO4 cells. In the ILSDA, circumsporozoite antibodies suppressed liver stage development in cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. Antibody-mediated suppression of parasite development in the ILSDA at a 96-hour endpoint was more robust than the 24-hour endpoint.ConclusionsILSDA performance is improved by the use of cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes, expediting interactions between sporozoites and hepatocytes, and extending the assay endpoint.
Chronic cough and obstructive sleep apnoea in a sleep laboratory-based pulmonary practice
Authors: Wang Tsai-Yu , Lo Yu-Lun , Liu Wen-Te , Lin Shu-Min , Lin Ting-Yu , Kuo Chih-Hsi , Chung Fu-Tsai , Chou Pai-Chien , Chang Po-Jui , Ni Yung-Lun , Ho Shu-Chuan , Lin Horng-Chyuan , Wang Chun-Hua , Yu Chih-Teng , Kuo Han-Pin 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) has recently been identified as a possible aetiology for chronic cough. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence of chronic cough between patients with and without OSA and the impact of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in resolving chronic cough.

Methods
Patients referred to the sleep laboratory from January 2012 to June 2012 were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical data, treatment course and resolution of chronic cough were analysed. Specifically, gastro-oesophageal reflux (GERD), upper airway cough syndrome, asthma, apnoea-hypopnoea index and the impact of CPAP treatment on chronic cough were assessed.

Results
A total of 131 patients were reviewed. The incidence of chronic cough in the OSA group was significantly higher than the non-OSA group (39/99 (39.4%) vs. 4/32 (12.5%), p = 0.005). Both GERD and apnoea-hypopnoea index were significantly associated with chronic cough in univariate analysis. After multivariate logistic regression, GERD was the only independent factor for chronic cough. Moreover, the resolution of chronic cough was more significant in the OSA patients with CPAP treatment compared with those not receiving CPAP treatment (12/18 (66.7%) vs. 2/21 (9.5%), p = 0.010).

Conclusion
The incidence of chronic cough was significantly higher in the OSA patients. In addition, CPAP treatment significantly improved chronic cough. Therefore, OSA may be a contributory factor to chronic cough.
Vitamin D related genes in lung development and asthma pathogenesis
Authors: Kho Alvin T , Sharma Sunita , Qiu Weiliang , Gaedigk Roger , Klanderman Barbara , Niu Simin , Anderson Chris , Leeder James S , Weiss Scott T , Tantisira Kelan G 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundPoor maternal vitamin D intake is a risk factor for subsequent childhood asthma, suggesting thatin uterochanges related to vitamin D responsive genes might play a crucial role in later disease susceptibility. We hypothesized that vitamin D pathway genes are developmentally active in the fetal lung and that these developmental genes would be associated with asthma susceptibility and regulation in asthma.MethodsVitamin D pathway genes were derived from PubMed and Gene Ontology surveys. Principal component analysis was used to identify characteristic lung development genes.ResultsVitamin D regulated genes were markedly over-represented in normal human (odds ratio OR 2.15, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.69-2.74) and mouse (OR 2.68, 95% CI: 2.12-3.39) developing lung transcriptomes. 38 vitamin D pathway genes were in both developing lung transcriptomes with >63% of genes more highly expressed in the later than earlier stages of development. In immortalized B-cells derived from 95 asthmatics and their unaffected siblings, 12 of the 38 (31.6%) vitamin D pathway lung development genes were significantly differentially expressed (OR 3.00, 95% CI: 1.43-6.21), whereas 11 (29%) genes were significantly differentially expressed in 43 control versus vitamin D treated immortalized B-cells from Childhood Asthma Management Program subjects (OR 2.62, 95% CI: 1.22-5.50). 4 genes,LAMP3,PIP5K1B,SCARB2andTXNIPwere identified in both groups; each displays significant biologic plausibility for a role in asthma.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate a significant association between early lung development and asthma–related phenotypes for vitamin D pathway genes, supporting a genomic mechanistic basis for the epidemiologic observations relating maternal vitamin D intake and childhood asthma susceptibility.