bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investors Do Respond to Poor Mutual Fund Performance: Evidence from Inflows and Outflows
Authors: Cashman George D. , Deli Daniel N. , Nardari Federico , Villupuram Sriram 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe examine the relation between mutual fund performance and gross flows for a large sample of actively managed U.S. mutual funds. Unlike previous studies that have only examined periods of generally increasing net flows, our sample includes periods of both increasing and decreasing net flows. We find that outflows are related to performance, with investors withdrawing money from poor performers. We also find that outflows and inflows respond asymmetrically to performance, outflows increase more aggressively following poor performance, and inflows increase more aggressively following good performance. Additionally, we find a symmetric performance net flow relation.
Investigations on In Vitro and Degradation Properties of ZnO‐Added Phosphate‐Based Glasses and Glass Ceramics
Authors: Aravindan Samickannian , Rajkumar Gurusamy , Rajendran Venkatachalam , Rajendran Nallaiyan 
Published: September 2012

A series of phosphate based glasses of composition 45P2O5–(40−x)CaO–15Na2O–xZnO (x = 0, 3, 6, 8 10, and 12 mol%) were prepared employing melt‐quenching techniques. Based on the thermal analysis data of glasses, the schedule of thermal treatments have been designed and employed to obtain their glass ceramic derivatives. The increase in thermal stability and decrease in crystallization tendency was observed from differential thermal analysis traces. The durability of phosphate glasses were improved as a result of the addition of ZnO content. The increasing ZnO content alters the phosphate glass structure and enhances the cross‐link formation between different network chains. A broad‐based characterization approach combining different techniques was used to investigate the in vitro properties of glasses and their glass‐ceramic equivalents against the addition of ZnO content into the glass composition. The in vitro results revealed the decreasing nature of apatite forming ability of phosphate glasses with increase in ZnO content before and after thermal treatments. Both the glass and glass‐ceramics containing ZnO content above 10 mol% exhibited poor in vitro performance mainly because of their dissolution nature. The weight loss analysis revealed that the decreasing solubility of glass and glass‐ceramics was observed as increasing of ZnO content.
Hf‐Doped Ni–Al2O3 Interfaces at Equilibrium
Authors: Meltzman Hila , Besmann Theodore M. , Kaplan Wayne D. 
Published: September 2012

In this study, a series of solid‐state dewetting experiments of pure and Hf‐doped Ni films on sapphire and HfO2 substrates were conducted in order to measure the change in interfacial energy of the Ni–Al2O3 interface in the presence of Hf, and to study Hf interfacial segregation. It was found that Hf oxidizes under the conditions of the experiment (P(O2)=10−20 atm), Hf does not segregate to the Ni–Al2O3 interface, and that the interface energy of Ni–HfO2 is 2.7 ± 0.4 J/m2 vs 2.16 ± 0.2 J/m2 for the Ni–Al2O3 interface. This contradicts several theoretical studies that predict that Hf segregates to the interface to stabilize it thermodynamically. The solubility of Hf in bulk Ni was found to be significantly lower than the value reported in the equilibrium phase diagram.
Utility of Emergency Cranial Computed Tomography in Patients Without Trauma
Authors: Narayanan Vignesh , Keniston Angela , Albert Richard K. 
Published: September 2012

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19: 1055–1060 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  The objectives of this study were to determine, in patients admitted to the hospital from the emergency department (ED) without evidence of trauma, 1) the prevalence of clinically important abnormalities on cranial computed tomography (CCT) and 2) the frequency of emergent therapeutic interventions required because of these abnormalities.Methods:  The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients from 2007 between the ages of 18 and 89 years who had CCT as part of their ED evaluations prior to hospitalization. Patients with any indication of trauma were excluded, as were those who had a lumbar puncture (LP). Chief complaint, results of the ED neurologic examination, tomogram findings, and whether patients had emergent interventions were recorded. Patients presenting with altered mental status (AMS) were analyzed separately.Results:  Of the 766 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 83 (11%) had focal neurologic findings, and 61 (8%) had clinically important abnormalities on computed tomography. Emergent interventions occurred in only 12 (1.6%), 11 (92%) of whom had focal neurologic findings. In the subgroup of 287 patients with AMS as their presenting problem, 14 (4.9%) had focal findings, six (2%) had clinically important abnormalities on tomography, and only two (0.7%) required emergent interventions, both of whom had focal findings. Patients presenting with AMS were less likely to have positive findings on tomography (odds ratio [OR] = 0.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.07 to 0.39). Patients presenting with motor weakness or speech abnormalities, or who were unresponsive, were more likely to have positive findings on tomography (OR = 4.7, 95% CI = 2.6 to 8.6; OR = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.5 to 2.7; and OR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.6 to 7.1, respectively).Conclusions:  Of patients without evidence of trauma who receive CCT in the ED, the prevalence of focal neurologic findings and clinically important abnormalities on tomography is low, the need for emergent intervention is very low, and the large majority of patients requiring emergent intervention have focal findings. The yield of CCT was lower for patients presenting with AMS, and higher for patients presenting with motor weakness or speech abnormalities, and for those who were unresponsive.
Influence of visual cues on host‐searching and learning behaviour of the egg parasitoids Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis
Authors: Ferreira Santos de Aquino Michely , Dias Aline Moreira , Borges Miguel , Moraes Maria Carolina Blassioli , Laumann Raul Alberto 
Published: September 2012

AbstractInsect parasitoids use a variety of chemical and physical cues when foraging for hosts and food. Parasitoids can learn cues that lead them to the hosts, thus contributing to better foraging. One of the cues that influence host‐searching behaviour could be colour. In this study, we investigated the ability of females of the parasitoid wasps Telenomus podisi Ashmead and Trissolcus basalis Wollaston (both Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) to respond to colours and to associate the presence of hosts – eggs of Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) – with coloured substrates after training (associative learning). Two sets of experiments were conducted: in one the innate preference for substrate colours was examined, in the other associative learning of substrate colour and host presence was tested in multiple‐choice and dual‐choice experiments. In the associative learning experiments, Te. podisi and Tr. basalis were trained to respond to differently coloured substrates containing hosts in two sessions of 2 h each, with 1‐h intervals. In multiple‐choice experiments, the wasps displayed innate preference for yellow substrates over green, brown, black, or white ones. Even after being trained on substrates of different colours, both parasitoids continued to show preference for yellow substrates. The response to the colours of substrates of both parasitoids was related with the orientation to the plant foliage during the search for hosts.
Color Effects of Gingiva on Cervical Regions of All‐Ceramic Crowns
Authors: Wang Jian , Lin Jin , Seliger Alison , Gil Mindy , da Silva John D. , Ishhikawa‐Nagai Shigemi 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTStatement of Problem:  The final color of all‐ceramic crowns is influenced by the color of both the remaining tooth structure and the surrounding gingival tissue. The optical effects of gingival tissue on an all‐ceramic crown have never been fully studied.Purpose:  The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of gingival color on ceramic crowns in the cervical region.Materials and Methods:  Thirty‐one all‐ceramic crowns of differing shades were included in this study. Using a spectrophotometer, the color values of each crown were measured on a typodont in the absence of an artificial gingiva (control group) and in the presence of an artificial gingiva (test group). CIELAB color coordinates (L*, a*, b*) were collected from three regions of the cervical area in descending order from the gingival margin (upper region, middle region, and lower region). Color difference values (ΔE*) were calculated for each cervical region between the test and control groups. ΔE* between the test and control groups from the upper to lower cervical regions was also compared with each other. The statistical analysis was performed using the student t‐test and one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.Results:  The mean ΔE* values between the test group and control group at the upper, middle, and lower cervical regions were 5.8, 2.8, and 1.8, respectively. Significant color differences between the test and control group were detected in all three incremental regions (p < 0.001 at ΔE* = 1.6 threshold), with all color coordinates (L*, a*, and b*) contributing significantly to the color differences in these regions (p < 0.001). The color variations in the cervical area also varied significantly from the upper region to the lower region, with L* and a* contributing most to the differences.Conclusions:  The presence of artificial gingiva is a critical factor in precise color matching and color reproduction for all‐ceramic crowns.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEGingival tissue has significant optical effects on the color of all‐ceramic crowns at the cervical areas; therefore, it is suggested that artificial gingiva be used by both dentists and ceramists while matching and replicating tooth color with ceramic restorations.(J Esthet Restor Dent ••:••–••, 2012)
Reciting the Qur’ān and Reading the Torah: Muslim and Jewish Attitudes and Practices in a Comparative Historical Perspective
Authors: Talmon‐Heller Daniella 
Published: September 2012

AbstractVerses of Torah and Qur’ān are incorporated into statutory and supererogatory prayers, communal services, talismanic practices, rites of passage and social gatherings of Jews and Muslims. In both traditions correct pronunciation is held to preserve the authentic voice of the revelation and to incur powerful benevolent effects. In Islam, the recital of the memorized text, or parts of it, is the privileged practice; in Judaism – public reading of weekly consecutive portions is ceremoniously performed from special Torah scrolls. While the Qur’ān is absolutely dominant in Muslim liturgy and piety, texts other than the Torah constitute the lion’s share of daily liturgical reading and expressions of piety of Jews.
Comparative Journalism Research – An Overview
Authors: Örnebring Henrik 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis overview focuses on the most common type of comparative journalism research, which is cross‐national comparative research. The overview presents a typology for different types of comparative journalism research, based on whether the research interest is in journalism as an activity or as a product; and, in the case of journalism as an activity, whether the interest is in the system level, the organizational level, or the individual level of journalism. The overview finds that the analysis of journalism on the individual level and of journalism as a product are the most common types of comparative research, whereas comparative analysis of journalism on the organizational level is much under‐studied.
Appearance‐based interventions to reduce ultraviolet exposure and/or increase sun protection intentions and behaviours: A systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Williams Alison L. , Grogan Sarah , Clark‐Carter David , Buckley Emily 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesA systematic review and meta‐analyses were conducted to identify and review research examining the impact of appearance‐based interventions on sun protection intentions and/or ultraviolet (UV) exposure behaviour.MethodsA search of 16 databases including PsycARTICLES, Cochrane Library and Web of Knowledge was conducted to identify studies examining the impact of appearance‐based interventions on reducing UV exposure and/or increasing sun protection intentions and behaviours. A total of 21 articles met the inclusion criteria, and these studies were subjected to a systematic review and meta‐analyses to determine the effectiveness of the interventions.ResultsInterventions used a variety of techniques including UV technology and photoaging information. Study design and outcome measures varied. The research indicated that appearance‐based interventions have a positive effect on UV exposure and sun protection intentions and behaviour.ConclusionsFindings suggest that interventions based on the appearance‐damaging effects of UV exposure, and the positive effects of sun protection, may have a role in health promotion. It is concluded that there is a need for further research incorporating a wider range of participants, and using qualitative and mixed methods designs.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on the subject? Recreational exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, are the primary causes of all melanomas, leading to skin cancer. A previous systematic review (Dodd & Forshaw, ) looking at the efficacy of appearance‐focussed interventions in skin cancer prevention, suggested that there were significant effects for UV protection behaviour after such interventions.What does this study add? An up‐to‐date systematic review of studies that has carried out appearance‐based interventions to reduce UV exposure and/or increase sun protection intentions and behaviours. A meta‐analysis of data providing statistical evidence indicating that appearance‐based interventions have a positive effect on UV exposure and sun protection intentions and behaviour.
First Record of Didymella anemones sp. nov. Teleomorph of Ascochyta anemones, the Causal Agent of Leaf Spots on Pulsatilla korreana in China
Authors: Su Dan , Fu Junfan , Irfan Muhammad 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe teleomorph of Ascochyta anemones has been recorded for the first time on overwintering windflower stalk in Liaoning, China. The features of this new species were described, and it was distinguished from other species to which it is similar. The morphological characteristics of this species, such as asci and ascospores, phylogenetic analysis based on internal transcribed spacer sequences, comparison with similar fungi so far described from Ranunculaceae indicated that the teleomorph is an undescribed species of Didymella.
Variability of the Ramularia collo‐cygni Population in Central Europe
Authors: Leisova‐Svobodova Leona , Matusinsky Pavel , Kucera Ladislav 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe genetic structure of the fungal barley pathogen Ramularia collo‐cygni (Rcc) population in Central Europe involving the isolates from the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Germany and Swiss was determined using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. One hundred and eighty‐four markers were chosen to determine genetic and genotypic diversity and to test the hypothesis of random mating and population differentiation of Rcc isolates. Among the 337 isolates collected, the overall gene diversity was moderate ( = 0.216). The level of multilocus genotypic diversity was higher within populations than among them. All individuals had unique multilocus genotypes. Genetic differentiation was significant among populations in localities, but at a moderate level (θ = 0.12; P < 0.001), suggesting that gene flow is occurring among populations. The isolates from all twelve clusters produced by Structure were found in all local populations, although at different frequencies. Therefore, the inferred clusters did not represent geographical populations. Although the null hypothesis of random mating in Rcc populations was rejected, the high level of genotypic diversity suggests that the Rcc population structure appears to be generated by a mixed reproductive system including both asexual and sexual reproduction, along with a rather high migration rate.
Comparison of filtering methods for extracellular gastric slow wave recordings
Authors: Paskaranandavadivel N. , O’Grady G. , Du P. , K Cheng L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground Extracellular recordings are used to define gastric slow wave propagation. Signal filtering is a key step in the analysis and interpretation of extracellular slow wave data; however, there is controversy and uncertainty regarding the appropriate filtering settings. This study investigated the effect of various standard filters on the morphology and measurement of extracellular gastric slow waves.Methods Experimental extracellular gastric slow waves were recorded from the serosal surface of the stomach from pigs and humans. Four digital filters: finite impulse response filter (0.05–1 Hz); Savitzky‐Golay filter (0–1.98 Hz); Bessel filter (2–100 Hz); and Butterworth filter (5–100 Hz); were applied on extracellular gastric slow wave signals to compare the changes temporally (morphology of the signal) and spectrally (signals in the frequency domain).Key Results The extracellular slow wave activity is represented in the frequency domain by a dominant frequency and its associated harmonics in diminishing power. Optimal filters apply cutoff frequencies consistent with the dominant slow wave frequency (3–5 cpm) and main harmonics (up to ∼2 Hz). Applying filters with cutoff frequencies above or below the dominant and harmonic frequencies was found to distort or eliminate slow wave signal content.Conclusions & Inferences Investigators must be cognizant of these optimal filtering practices when detecting, analyzing, and interpreting extracellular slow wave recordings. The use of frequency domain analysis is important for identifying the dominant and harmonics of the signal of interest. Capturing the dominant frequency and major harmonics of slow wave is crucial for accurate representation of slow wave activity in the time domain. Standardized filter settings should be determined.
The pharmacokinetics of methadone in adolescents undergoing posterior spinal fusion
Authors: Stemland Christopher J. , Witte Jurgen , Colquhoun Douglas A. , Durieux Marcel E. , Langman Loralie J. , Balireddy Ravi , Thammishetti Swapna , Abel Mark F. , Anderson Brian J. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryBackgroundThe optimal methadone dosing regimen for children undergoing spinal surgery is uncertain because of sparse pediatric pharmacokinetic data and a paucity of analgesic effect data. The minimum effective analgesic concentration of methadone in opioid naïve adults is 58 mcg·L−1.MethodsAdolescents aged 12–19 years undergoing idiopathic scoliosis correction were administered 0.25 mg·kg−1 racemic methadone IV prior to surgical incision. Arterial blood samples for methadone assay were obtained at 0 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, 40 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h. Compartment analysis was undertaken using nonlinear mixed effects models. Parameter estimates were standardized to a 70‐kg person using allometric models.ResultsA three‐compartment linear disposition model best described observed time–concentration profiles. Population parameter estimates (between‐subjects variability) were central volume (V1) 19.1 (126%) L 70 kg−1, peripheral volumes of distribution V2 65.5 (60%) L 70 kg−1, V3 485 (23%) L 70 kg−1, clearance (CL) 9.3 (11%) L·h−1·70 kg−1, and inter‐compartment clearances Q2 282 (95%) L·h−1 70 kg−1, Q3 139 (42%) L·h−1 70 kg−1. The terminal elimination half‐life was 44.4 h. The mean observed methadone concentration was <58 mcg·L−1 by the first hour after administration.ConclusionsCurrent pharmacokinetic parameter estimates in adolescents are similar to those reported in adults. Methadone undergoes rapid redistribution after bolus administration. This may result in plasma concentrations that provide inadequate analgesia postoperatively. We would suggest following the bolus (0.25 mg.kg‐1) with an infusion (0.1–0.15 mg·kg−1·h−1 for 4 h) during spinal surgery to ensure adequate plasma concentrations for 24 h.
The evolution of submarine channels under the influence of Coriolis forces: experimental observations of flow structures
Authors: Cossu Remo , Wells Mathew G. 
Published: September 2012

Terra Nova, 25, 65–71, 2013AbstractWe present results from experimental gravity and turbidity currents to show that at high latitudes, the Coriolis effect strongly influences the internal flow structure in submarine channel systems. At high latitudes, Coriolis forces deflect the downstream velocity core, and consequently areas of deposition and erosion, to one side of the channel system. Over time, this supports the evolution of low‐sinuosity submarine channels. These findings help explain the recently found relation that channels at low latitudes often show strongly sinuous planform geometries, whereas channels at high latitudes tend to be much less sinuous. On the basis of our observations and an existing conceptual model for channel evolution, we propose a process model for sedimentation regimes in turbidity currents, which is applicable to all latitudinal settings.
Role of galactolipid biosynthesis in coordinated development of photosynthetic complexes and thylakoid membranes during chloroplast biogenesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kobayashi Koichi , Narise Takafumi , Sonoike Kintake , Hashimoto Haruki , Sato Naoki , Kondo Maki , Nishimura Mikio , Sato Mayuko , Toyooka Kiminori , Sugimoto Keiko , Wada Hajime , Masuda Tatsuru , Ohta Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) are the predominant lipids in thylakoid membranes and indispensable for photosynthesis. Among the three isoforms that catalyze MGDG synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana, MGD1 is responsible for most galactolipid synthesis in chloroplasts, whereas MGD2 and MGD3 are required for DGDG accumulation during phosphate (Pi) starvation. A null mutant of Arabidopsis MGD1 (mgd1‐2), which lacks both galactolipids and shows a severe defect in chloroplast biogenesis under nutrient‐sufficient conditions, accumulated large amounts of DGDG, with a strong induction of MGD2/3 expression, during Pi starvation. In plastids of Pi‐starved mgd1‐2 leaves, biogenesis of thylakoid‐like internal membranes, occasionally associated with invagination of the inner envelope, was observed, together with chlorophyll accumulation. Moreover, the mutant accumulated photosynthetic membrane proteins upon Pi starvation, indicating a compensation for MGD1 deficiency by Pi stress‐induced galactolipid biosynthesis. However, photosynthetic activity in the mutant was still abolished, and light‐harvesting/photosystem core complexes were improperly formed, suggesting a requirement for MGDG for proper assembly of these complexes. During Pi starvation, distribution of plastid nucleoids changed concomitantly with internal membrane biogenesis in the mgd1‐2 mutant. Moreover, the reduced expression of nuclear‐ and plastid‐encoded photosynthetic genes observed in the mgd1‐2 mutant under Pi‐sufficient conditions was restored after Pi starvation. In contrast, Pi starvation had no such positive effects in mutants lacking chlorophyll biosynthesis. These observations demonstrate that galactolipid biosynthesis and subsequent membrane biogenesis inside the plastid strongly influence nucleoid distribution and the expression of both plastid‐ and nuclear‐encoded photosynthetic genes, independently of photosynthesis.