bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the 18 July 2005 Tornadic Supercell over the Lake Geneva Region
Authors: Peyraud Lionel 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
On the afternoon of 18 July 2005, a particularly intense supercell thunderstorm struck the Lake Geneva region of Switzerland. The storm initiated just southwest of Lyon, France, and tracked over 300 km toward the northeast before losing its supercell characteristics in the Swiss Alpine foothills around the town of Interlaken. During its 3-h lifespan, the storm’s forward translation averaged 60–80 km h−1. At the height of its severity, this supercell was responsible for hail the size of golf balls, a microburst with measured wind gusts of up to 160 km h−1, and two confirmed tornadoes. Miraculously, nobody was killed nor seriously injured. However, the material losses were considerable, including ravaged vineyards, damage to buildings and vehicles, and sections of forests that were completely destroyed. A postevent analysis was undertaken utilizing radar imagery/algorithms, satellite images, lightning and surface data, eyewitness reports, and a damage survey. This case provides a unique look at a supercell evolving within an Alpine environment and helps confirm prior research concerning certain storm features and signatures that have been observed in North American Great Plains supercells and elsewhere. Concerning tornadogenesis, this paper helps confirm via observations and simulations hypotheses proposed in several previous papers that low-level wind flow modified through channeling by mountains can periodically provide a locally favorable wind shear environment for tornadogenesis. For this particular case, inflow winds that channeled around mountain features appear to have been instrumental in the formation of the second tornado, since important topographical obstacles prevented any significant low-level gradient wind shear from operating on the eastern end of Lake Geneva, where this tornado occurred.
Lymphoscintigraphy with peritumoral injection versus lymphoscintigraphy with subdermal periareolar injection of technetium-labeled human albumin to identify sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients
Authors: Caruso Giuseppe , Cipolla Calogero , Costa Renato , Morabito Alessandra , Latteri Stefania , Fricano Salvatore , Salerno Sergio , Latteri Mario Adelfio 
Published: August 2013

Background Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy is without doubt a valid method for the detection of the sentinel lymph node (SLN). There has been considerable debate regarding the optimal site for the introduction of the tracer; various sites include peritumoral (PT), periareolar (PA), subdermal, and intradermal injection. Purpose To evaluate retrospectively the lymphoscintigraphic identification rate of peritumoral (PT) injection versus subdermal periareolar (PA) injection in the detection of SLNs in breast cancer. Material and Methods Between October 2002 and December 2011, a cohort of 906 consecutive patients with biopsy proven breast cancer underwent 914 SLN biopsy procedures. A total of 339 procedures (Group A) were performed using a PT deep injection of radiotracer while 575 procedures (Group B) adopted a subdermal PA injection of radiotracer towards the upper outer quadrant, regardless of the site of the carcinoma. All the patients underwent synchronous excision of the breast cancer and SLN biopsy. Results SLNs were identified in the lymphoscintigram in 308/339 cases (90.85%) of Group A (PT injection) and in 537/575 cases (93.39%) of Group B (PA injection). Furthermore, in 2/339 patients (0.58%) of Group A, internal mammary lymph nodes were found at lymphoscintigraphy, whereas no internal mammary sentinel nodes were found in the Group B patients. The intraoperative identification rate of axillary SLNs was 99.41% (337 of 339) in the Group A patients and 99.65% (573 of 575) in the Group B patients. There was no significant difference in the two groups between the incidence of the number of SLNs detected and the incidence of identification of positive SLNs. Conclusion PT versus PA injection of radiotracer showed comparable success rates for axillary SLN identification, and can be considered a rapid and reliable method.
Diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhagic lesions: comparison between 3D-SWAN (3D T2*-weighted imaging with multi-echo acquisition) and 2D-T2*-weighted imaging
Authors: Hayashida Yoshiko , Kakeda Shingo , Hiai Yasuhiro , Ide Satoshi , Ogasawara Atsushi , Ooki Hodaka , Watanabe Keita , Nishimura Joji , Ohnari Norihiro , Korogi Yukunori 
Published: August 2013

Background 3D-susceptibility-weighted angiography (SWAN) can produce high-resolution images that yield excellent susceptibility-weighted contrast at a relatively short acquisition time. Purpose To compare SWAN- and 2D-T2*-weighted gradient-echo images (T2*-WI) for their sensitivity in the depiction of cerebral hemorrhagic lesions. Material and Methods We subjected 75 patients with suspected cerebral hemorrhagic lesions to SWAN and T2*-WI at 3T. We first measured the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) using an agar phantom that contained different concentrations of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO). The acquisition time for SWAN and T2*-WI was similar (182 vs. 196 s). Neuroradiologists compared the two imaging methods for lesion detectability and conspicuity. Results The CNR of the phantom was higher on SWAN images. Of the 75 patients, 50 were found to have a total of 278 cerebral hemorrhagic lesions (microbleeds, n = 229 [82.4%]; intracerebral hemorrhage, n = 18 [6.5%]; superficial siderosis, n = 13 [4.7%]; axonal injuries, n = 8 [2.9%]; subarachnoid hemorrhage [SAH] or brain contusion, n = 3 each [1.0%]; subdural hematoma, n = 2 [0.7%]; cavernous hemangioma or dural arterteriovenous fistula, n = 1 each [0.4%]). In none of the lesions was the SWAN sequence inferior to T2*-WI with respect to lesion detectability and conspicuity. In fact, SWAN yielded better lesion conspicuity in patients with superficial siderosis and SAH: it detected significantly more lesions than T2*-WI ( P < 0.01) and it was particularly useful for the detection of microbleeds and lesions near the skull base. Conclusion SWAN is equal or superior to standard T2*-WI for the diagnosis of various cerebral hemorrhagic lesions. Because its acquisition time is reasonable it may replace T2*-WI.
The effect of symptoms on prehospital delay time in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Gao Yu , Zhang Hui-jun 
Published: August 2013

Objective To improve time to treatment, the effects of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) symptoms on prehospital delay time (PDT) were investigated. Methods Patients with AMI completed a questionnaire on their AMI symptoms and their general knowledge of AMI symptoms. Results In total, 116 patients completed questionnaires. The mean PDT was 7.3 ± 2.4  h; the median PDT was 2.2 h. Each patient experienced a mean of 3.6 symptoms during their AMI. PDT was significantly shorter in the following groups: patients with chest compression pain/chest discomfort, profuse sweating or dyspnoea than in patients with other symptoms; patients presenting with typical rather than atypical symptoms; patients with pain scores >6 compared with scores ≤6; patients who were aware rather than unaware of AMI symptoms. Patients actually having AMI symptoms and patients being aware of AMI symptoms were inversely correlated with PDT. There was a linear relationship between pain scores and PDT. Conclusion Public awareness of AMI symptoms should be enhanced, in order to shorten PDT and improve AMI survival rates.
Carvacrol ameliorates thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity by abrogation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in liver of Wistar rats
Authors: Nafees S , Ahmad ST , Arjumand W , Rashid S , Ali N , Sultana S 
Published: August 2013

The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of carvacrol against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in liver of Wistar rats. In this study, rats were subjected to concomitant prophylactic oral pretreatment of carvacrol (25 and 50 mg kg−1 body weight (b.w.)) against the hepatotoxicity induced by intraperitoneal administration of TAA (300 mg kg−1 b.w.). Efficacy of carvacrol against the hepatotoxicity was evaluated in terms of biochemical estimation of antioxidant enzyme activities, histopathological changes, and expressions of inflammation and apoptosis. Carvacrol pretreatment prevented deteriorative effects induced by TAA through a protective mechanism in a dose-dependent manner that involved reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. We found that the protective effect of carvacrol pretreatment is mediated by its inhibitory effect on nuclear factor kappa B activation, Bax and Bcl-2 expression, as well as by restoration of histopathological changes against TAA administration. We may suggest that carvacrol efficiently ameliorates liver injury caused by TAA.
The influence of the speed of food intake on multichannel impedance in patients with gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Bor Serhat , Bayrakci Berna , Erdogan Askin , Yildirim Esra , Vardar Rukiye 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundThere is a general belief that gastro‐oesophageal reflux increases after meals and especially following a rapid intake.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of rapid vs. slow food intake on gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) patients.Materials and methodsForty‐six GORD patients with heartburn and / or acid regurgitation once a week or more often common were included in this study. Participants were asked to eat the same standard meal within either 5 or 30 minutes under observation in a random order on 2 consecutive days. A total of 28 hours of recording were obtained by intraoesophageal impedance pH and number of liquid and mixed reflux episodes within 3 hours of the slow‐ and fast‐eating postprandial periods were calculated.ResultsWhile all patients defined GORD symptoms, 10 (21.7%) had pathological 24‐h intraoesophageal impedance measurement, 15 (32.6%) had pathological DeMeester and 21.7% had erosive oesophagitis. No difference has been shown according to the eating speed when all reflux episodes were taken together (754 vs. 733). Speed of food intake also did not have an impact on patients with normal vs. pathological 24‐h intraoesophageal impedance or erosive vs. non‐erosive. During the first postprandial hour, approximately half of the reflux events were non‐acid, compared to 34.2% during the second hour and 26.8% during the third hour (p  < 0.001). The number of acid reflux episodes was significantly higher than non‐acid reflux especially during the second and third hours and in total for 3 hours.ConclusionsThis first study addressing the effect of eating speed on reflux episodes in GORD patients did not support the general belief that reflux increases following fast eating. Acid and non‐acid reflux were similar at the first postprandial hour, then acid reflux episodes were predominantly higher, which implicate the importance of acid pockets.
Factor VIII gene (F8) mutation and risk of inhibitor development in nonsevere hemophilia A
Authors: Eckhardt Corien L. , van Velzen Alice S. , Peters Marjolein , Astermark Jan , Brons Paul P. , Castaman Giancarlo , Cnossen Marjon H. , Dors Natasja , Escuriola-Ettingshausen Carmen , Hamulyak Karly , Hart Daniel P. , Hay Charles R. M. , Haya Saturnino , van Heerde Waander L. , Hermans Cedric , Holmström Margareta , Jimenez-Yuste Victor , Keenan Russell D. , Klamroth Robert , Laros-van Gorkom Britta A. P. , Leebeek Frank W. G. , Liesner Ri , Mäkipernaa Anne , Male Christoph , Mauser-Bunschoten Evelien , Mazzucconi Maria G. , McRae Simon , Meijer Karina , Mitchell Michael , Morfini Massimo , Nijziel Marten , Oldenburg Johannes , Peerlinck Kathelijne , Petrini Pia , Platokouki Helena , Reitter-Pfoertner Sylvia E. , Santagostino Elena , Schinco Piercarla , Smiers Frans J. , Siegmund Berthold , Tagliaferri Annarita , Yee Thynn T. , Kamphuisen Pieter Willem , van der Bom Johanna G. , Fijnvandraat Karin 
Published: August 2013

Key PointsThe inhibitor incidence in nonsevere hemophilia A patients with certain F8 mutations approaches the inhibitor incidence in severe patients. These findings are highly relevant for clinical practice, as they facilitate identification of high-risk patients based on F8 genotype.
JAK of all trades: JAK2-STAT5 as novel therapeutic targets in BCR-ABL1+ chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Warsch Wolfgang , Walz Christoph , Sexl Veronika 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe transcription factor signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) has an important and unique role in Breakpoint Cluster Region - Abelson 1 (BCR-ABL1)–driven neoplasias. STAT5 is an essential component in the signaling network that maintains the survival and growth of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. In contrast, the function of the prototypical upstream kinase of STAT5, the Janus kinase JAK2, in CML is still under debate. Although there is widespread agreement that JAK2 is part of the signaling network downstream of BCR-ABL1, it is unclear whether and under what circumstances JAK2 inhibitors may be beneficial for CML patients. Recent studies in murine models have cast doubt on the importance of JAK2 in CML maintenance. Nevertheless, JAK2 has been proposed to have a central role in the cytokine signaling machinery that allows the survival of CML stem cells in the presence of BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the current debate and provide an overview of the arguments on both sides of the fence. We present recent evidence showing that CML stem cells do not depend on BCR-ABL1 kinase activity but require the continuous support of the hematopoietic niche and its distinct cytokine environment and suggest that it has the potential to resolve the dispute.
A role for IRF4 in the development of CLL
Authors: Shukla Vipul , Ma Shibin , Hardy Richard R. , Joshi Shantaram S. , Lu Runqing 
Published: August 2013

Key Points
IRF4−/−Vh11 mice develop spontaneous CLL at 100% penetrance, indicating that a low level of IRF4 is critical for CLL development. IRF4−/−Vh11 mice are a novel mouse model of CLL.
Analysis of the transcriptome of the Indonesian coelacanth Latimeria menadoensis
Authors: Pallavicini Alberto , Canapa Adriana , Barucca Marco , Alfőldi Jessica , Biscotti Maria Assunta , Buonocore Francesco , De Moro Gianluca , Di Palma Federica , Fausto Anna Maria , Forconi Mariko , Gerdol Marco , Makapedua Daisy Monica , Turner-Meier Jason , Olmo Ettore , Scapigliati Giuseppe 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background

Latimeria menadoensis is a coelacanth species first identified in 1997 in Indonesia, at 10,000 Km of distance from its African congener. To date, only six specimens have been caught and just a very limited molecular data is available. In the present work we describe the de novo transcriptome assembly obtained from liver and testis samples collected from the fifth specimen ever caught of this species.

Results
The deep RNA sequencing performed with Illumina technologies generated 145,435,156 paired-end reads, accounting for ~14 GB of sequence data, which were de novo assembled using a Trinity/CLC combined strategy. The assembly output was processed and filtered producing a set of 66,308 contigs, whose quality was thoroughly assessed. The comparison with the recently sequenced genome of the African congener Latimeria chalumnae and with the available genomic resources of other vertebrates revealed a good reconstruction of full length transcripts and a high coverage of the predicted full coelacanth transcriptome.
The RNA-seq analysis revealed remarkable differences in the expression profiles between the two tissues, allowing the identification of liver- and testis-specific transcripts which may play a fundamental role in important biological processes carried out by these two organs.

Conclusion
Given the high genomic affinity between the two coelacanth species, the here described de novo transcriptome assembly can be considered a valuable support tool for the improvement of gene prediction within the genome of L. chalumnae and a valuable resource for investigation of many aspects of tetrapod evolution.
Variability of antibiotic susceptibility and toxin production of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from skin, soft tissue, and bone related infections
Authors: Sina Haziz , Ahoyo Théodora A , Moussaoui Wardi , Keller Daniel , Bankolé Honoré S , Barogui Yves , Stienstra Ymkje , Kotchoni Simeon O , Prévost Gilles , Baba-Moussa Lamine 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic commensal bacterium that mostly colonizes the skin and soft tissues. The pathogenicity of S. aureus is due to both its ability to resist antibiotics, and the production of toxins. Here, we characterize a group of genes responsible for toxin production and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus strains isolated from skin, soft tissue, and bone related infections.

Results
A total of 136 S. aureus strains were collected from five different types of infection: furuncles, pyomyositis, abscesses, Buruli ulcers, and osteomyelitis, from hospital admissions and out-patients in Benin. All strains were resistant to benzyl penicillin, while 25% were resistant to methicillin, and all showed sensitivity to vancomycin. Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) was the most commonly produced virulence factor (70%), followed by staphylococcal enterotoxin B (44%). Exfoliative toxin B was produced by 1.3% of the strains, and was only found in isolates from Buruli ulcers. The tsst-1, sec, and seh genes were rarely detected (≤1%).

Conclusions
This study provides new insight into the prevalence of toxin and antibiotic resistance genes in S. aureus strains responsible for skin, soft tissue, and bone infections. Our results showed that PVL was strongly associated with pyomyositis and osteomyelitis, and that there is a high prevalence of PVL-MRSA skin infections in Benin.
Assessment of the feasibility and coverage of a modified universal hearing screening protocol for use with newborn babies of migrant workers in Beijing
Authors: Qi Beier , Cheng Xiaohua , En Hui , Liu Bo , Peng Shichun , Zhen Yong , Cai Zhenghua , Huang Lihui , Zhang Luo , Han Demin 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Although migrant workers account for the majority of newborns in Beijing, their children are less likely to undergo appropriate universal newborn hearing screening/rescreening (UNHS) than newborns of local non-migrant residents. We hypothesised that this was at least in part due to the inadequacy of the UNHS protocol currently employed for newborn babies, and therefore aimed to modify the protocol to specifically reflect the needs of the migrant population.

Methods
A total of 10,983 healthy babies born to migrant mothers between January 2007 and December 2009 at a Beijing public hospital were investigated for hearing abnormalities according to a modified UNHS protocol. This incorporated two additional/optional otoacoustic emissions (OAE) tests at 24–48 hours and 2 months after birth. Infants not passing a screening test were referred to the next test, until any hearing loss was confirmed by the auditory brainstem response (ABR) test.

Results
A total of 98.91% (10983/11104) of all newborn children underwent the initial OAE test, of which 27.22% (2990/10983) failed the test. 1712 of the failed babies underwent the second inpatient OAE test, with739 failing again; thus significantly decreasing the overall positive rate for abnormal hearing from 27.22% to 18.36% ([2990–973 /10983)]; p = 0). Overall, 1147(56.87%) babies underwent the outpatient OAE test again after1-month, of whom 228 failed and were referred for the second outpatient OAE test (i.e. 2.08% (228/10983) referral rate at 1month of age). 141 of these infants underwent the referral test, of whom 103 (73.05%) tested positive again and were referred for a final ABR test for hearing loss (i.e. final referral rate of 1.73% ([228-38/10983] at 2 months of age). Only 54 infants attended the ABR test and 35 (0.32% of the original cohort tested) were diagnosed with abnormal hearing.

Conclusions
Our study shows that it is feasible and practical to achieve high coverage rates for screening hearing loss and decrease the referral rates in newborn babies of migrant workers, using a modification of the currently employed UNHS protocol.
A rare case of primary malignant small cell carcinoma combined with urothelial cell carcinoma in the ureter
Authors: Jang Hoon , Yuk Seung Mo , Kim Jong Ok , Han Dong Seok 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Extrapulmonary small cell carcinomas have been reported in a variety of organs, and their incidence in the genitourinary tract is second only to that in the gastrointestinal tract. To date, however, only a few cases of small cell carcinoma of the ureter have been reported. Because the extreme rarity of this type of carcinoma, its clinical behaviour, diagnostic methods, and effective treatment modalities have not yet been determined.

Case presentation
A 59-year-old man presented with a 1-month history of painless gross haematuria. Urine cytopathology revealed a urothelial carcinoma and computed tomography revealed left hydronephroureterosis with a distal ureteral stone and a mildly enhanced fungating mass just below the stone-impacted site. The preoperative TNM stage was T2N0M0. The patient underwent simultaneous diagnostic ureterorenoscopy and left laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection. Gross examination showed a 3.5 × 3.0 × 0.8 cm white, partly yellow mass in the left distal ureter. Light microscopy showed a small cell carcinoma, overlaid on a urothelial carcinoma in situ, invading the ureter and external lateral resection margins. The small cell carcinoma was diffusely positive for neuron-specific enolase, and exhibited focal positivity for CD 56, synaptophysin, chromogranin and cytokeratin 20. The patient was treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, consisting of cisplatin and etoposide, and radiation therapy, and has been well, without evidence of tumour recurrence or metastasis in the 10 months after surgery.

Conclusion
Small cell carcinoma of the ureter is rare. Although its clinical behaviour and diagnostic modalities have not been determined and it has yet to be diagnosed immunohistopathologically, multimodality treatment including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy may improve patient survival.