bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symbolic versus Modelistic Elements in Scientific Modeling
Authors: Liu Chuang 
Published: July 2015

In this paper, we argue that symbols (or the symbolic) are conventional vehicles whose chief function is denotation, while models (or the modelistic) are epistemic vehicles, and their chief function is to show what their targets are like in the relevant aspects. Although the same object may serve both functions, the two vehicles are <em>conceptually distinct</em> and <em>most</em> models employ both elements. Together with this point we offer an alternative to the deflationary view on scientific models. In addition, we point out there are non-referring models in which symbols label model components. We show how Goodman’s view on pictures of fictional characters provides a way to understand such models and how it further reveal the distinction between the symbolic and the modelistic representation.
Refinamentos na heurística de George e Robinson para o problema do carregamento de caixas dentro de contêineres
Authors: Ceccilio Fabiana Oliveira , Morabito Reinaldo 
Published: July 2015

<p>Neste trabalho apresentamos refinamentos da heurística de George e Robinson (1980) para o problema de arranjar o maior volume possível de caixas de tamanhos <em>(l<sub>i</sub>., W<sub>i</sub>, h<sub>i</sub>) </em>e quantidades <em>b<sub>i</sub>, i = </em>= 1 ..., <em>i<sub>n</sub>, </em>dentro de um contêiner de tamanho <em>(L, W, H). </em>Esta heurística é conhecida pela sua simplicidade e facilidade de implementação em situações reais. Os refinamentos propostos também são facilmente implementados em computador, são flexíveis para incluir restrições práticas adicionais, são conservadores quanto à geração de carregamentos estáveis e obtêm boas soluções com pouco esforço computacional. Resolvemos diversos exemplos aleatórios, exemplos da literatura de corte e empacotamento e exemplos reais para ilustrar o desempenho dos refinamentos, em comparação à heurística original de George e Robinson e outros métodos.</p>
Modelo integrado de apoio ao planejamento da rede de serviços no transporte ferroviário de cargas: aplicação para transporte de minério de ferro
Authors: Campos Luciano Bandeira , Cruz Marta Monteiro da Costa , Pompermayer Fabiano Mezadre 
Published: July 2015

<p><strong>Resumo: </strong>Apresenta-se um modelo de otimização para auxiliar o planejamento tático ferroviário com visão integrada da rede (operações em linha e pátios), e que foi aplicado ao transporte de minério de ferro numa conhecida ferrovia brasileira, considerando o efeito congestionamento. O problema é de programação não linear inteira, e a solução foi obtida por um aplicativo computacional disponível no mercado. O objetivo é facilitar o planejamento da rede de serviços: quais trens (serviços) devem ser operados, sua frequência, e a sequência recomendada das operações e serviços desde a origem das cargas até o destino. A pesquisa de literatura identificou um modelo que, mediante adaptações, foi aplicado ao fluxo de trens com diferentes opções preestabelecidas de configuração, desde 11 pontos de origem até um terminal exportador e passando por três pátios intermediários, onde os trens podem ser combinados entre si. Os resultados variam conforme a abordagem adotada para a função objetivo, com diferenças significativas na frequência dos diversos serviços disponíveis e no uso dos pátios intermediários.</p><strong>Abstract: </strong>This paper presents an optimization model developed to help tactical planning at railroads with an integrated view of the network (line and yard operations). The model was applied to iron ore transportation in a well-known Brazilian railroad, considering congestion effects. This is an integer nonlinear problem, which was solved by an optimization package. The objective is to help decision making related to service network design: which trains (services) should run, how frequently and what should be the recommended sequence of activities to be performed at intermediate yards from origin to destination of cargo. Literature research identified a model that could be modified and adapted to the flow of different predefined train consist options, which are operated from 11 mines toward an export terminal. Three intermediate rail yards may be used to combine train consists. Results are presented and vary according to the objective function approach, with relevant differences in service frequencies as well as in the use of intermediate rail yards.
Planen und Bauen von zukunftsfähigen Hochschulbibliothekssystemen – zentral und dezentral
Authors: Söllner Konstanze , Sühl-Strohmenger Wilfried 
Published: July 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Thematik Hochschulbibliothekssysteme ist in den vergangenen Jahren wieder aktuell geworden. Bibliothekssoftware aus der Cloud, zentrale Lizenzierung, nutzergesteuerte Erwerbung oder Forschungsdatenmanagement sind Entwicklungen, deren Auswirkungen auf Hochschulbibliothekssysteme enorm sein können. Im „Handbuch Hochschulbibliothekssysteme“ [Vgl. Handbuch Hochschulbibliothekssysteme. Leistungsfähige Informationsinfrastrukturen für Wissenschaft und Studium. Hrsg. von Konstanze Söllner, Wilfried Sühl-Strohmenger. Berlin, Boston 2014.] (2014) geht es um die Beschreibung und Analyse von Informationsinfrastrukturen für Wissenschaft und Studium aus möglichst vielen unterschiedlichen Blickwinkeln, mit dem Ziel einer Bestandsaufnahme, aber auch mit dem Anspruch, Eckpunkte für zukunftsfähige Hochschulbibliothekssysteme sichtbar zu machen. Der Beitrag konzentriert sich auf exemplarische Modelle der Reorganisation von Bibliothekssystemen im deutschsprachigen Raum.
Production of selenium-enriched milk and dairy products
Authors: Csapó J. , Holló G. , Holló I. , Salamon R. V. , Salamon Sz. , Toró Sz. , Kiss Zs. Csapóné 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Until the middle of the last century, selenium was considered to be toxic, but recently it turned out to be a micronutrient with important physiological effects, whose lack impedes the functioning of several enzymes, while in the case of a prolonged deficiency, disease processes can also occur in the body. Hungary belongs to the selenium-deficient regions in Europe; therefore, our aim was to contribute to the improvement of selenium supply of the population through increasing the selenium content of milk and dairy products. A daily supplementation of 1-6 mg organic selenium to the feed of dairy cows increases the selenium content of milk from the value of 18 μg/kg to 94 μg/kg in 8 weeks, decreasing again to the initial value in 6 weeks after stopping the supplementation.
After producing various products from the control milk (18 μg/kg selenium content) and the selenium-enriched milk (53 μg/kg) obtained from dairy cattle fed on a feed supplemented with 2 mg selenium/day, we concluded that the selenium content of selenium-enriched milk compared to the products produced from the control milk increased from the value of 18.6 to 58.5 μg/kg in the case of yogurt, from 66.0 to 138.1 μg/kg in the case of telemea, from 80.8 to 163.7 μg/kg in the case of orda (urdă) and from 88.6 to 200.0 μg/kg in the case of semi-hard cheese obtained by mixed-coagulation. The selenium content of whey also increased significantly (from 8.8-9.7 μg/kg to 20.1-25.8 μg/kg), which could also be used as a food for people or feed for animals. According to our calculations, the selenium requirements of the developing organism could be satisfied by the consumption of 2-3 dl selenium-enriched milk until the age of 8 and with 4-6 dl selenium-enriched milk until the age of 20.
Somatic cell count of milk from different goat breeds
Authors: Csanádi J. , Fenyvessy J. , Bohata S. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
There is no standard limit value for somatic cell count (SCC) of raw goat milk in the EU despite that excellent hygienic quality milk is needed for the manufacture of fermented milk products or cheese varieties. Mastitis often results such high SCC - besides the potential risk for humans - that the clotting of milk will not be perfect, resulting slack curd with higher whey releasing; furthermore, wrong structure, ripening, bad sensory properties of cheese can also be its consequences. In this paper, we report the SCC of milk samples from five different goat breeds bred in Hungary, measured with two fast methods compared with the results from the reference method. Furthermore, we investigated the applicability and the accuracy of the MT-02 (Agro Legato Ltd., Hungary) instrument. We determined that the White Side test and the instrument MT were suitable for the estimation of possible risks and consequences in the case of the use of high SCC milk before production. The general summarized average milk SCC was 6.64 × 105 ml−1. The highest difference between the results from MT-02 and the fluorometric (reference) method was 5 × 105 ml−1, but it was a singular, extreme value. The r2 of the calculated linear calibration equation was 0.7819; consequently, this method seems to be applicable in the measurement of SCC with MT-02 instrument. Furthermore, the SCC of samples did not differ significantly by genotypes and by seasons (spring: 5.85 × 105 ml−1, autumn: 6.22 × 105 ml−1).
Milling technological experiments to reduce Fusarium toxin contamination in wheat
Authors: Véha A. , Szabó P. , Bartók T. , Gyimes E. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We examine 4 different DON-toxin-containing (0.74 - 1.15 - 1.19 - 2.14 mg/kg) winter wheat samples: they were debranned and undebranned, and we investigated the flour’s and the by-products’ (coarse, fine bran) toxin content changes. SATAKE lab-debranner was used for debranning and BRABENDER lab-mill for the milling process. Without debranning, two sample flours were above the DON toxin limit (0.75 mg/kg), which are waste. By minimum debranning (and minimum debranning mass loss; 6-8%), our experience with whole flour is that the multi-stage debranning measurement significantly reduces the content of the flour’s DON toxin, while the milling by-products, only after careful consideration and DON toxin measurements, may be produced for public consumption and for feeding.
Investigation of rheological properties of winter wheat varieties during storage
Authors: Móré M. , Diósi G. , Sipos P. , Győri Z. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper shows the results of some experimental researches on the rheological characteristics of the dough obtained from the flour of three winter wheat varieties. We used valorigraph test to determine the rheological properties of wheat flour dough, because it determines the quality of the end-products. Winter wheat varieties (Lupus, Mv Toldi and GK Csillag) were produced and their samples were collected on Látókép Research Farm of the University of Debrecen in the crop year of 2011/2012. We have carried out a short-term storage experiment (from July to August, 2012). We analysed the changes in water absorption capacity, dough stability time and valorigraph quality number for 3 times (24.07.2012, 31.07.2012, 21.08.2012) during short-term storage. Our results showed that the baking quality of Lupus, Mv Toldi and GK Csillag improved during the storage period.
High hydrostatic pressure: Can we trust published data?
Authors: Németh Cs. , Castillo L. A. , Horváth F. , Zeke I. , Friedrich L. , Balla Cs. , Németh Z. , Póti P. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
There are numerous new technologies whose implementation in food industry is hampered by the fact that people hesitate to invest in expensive systems which they cannot be sure will work or at least are questionable in terms of a given product. Until recently, preservation by HHP, high hydrostatic pressure, was such a technology, and still is today in some branches of the food industry. Investigations were conducted to answer the question of whether the literature, the laboratory, and the industrial (or at least pilot plant) measurements and results agree with one another. We compared the literature data with two HHP systems which were significantly different in terms of treatment capacity, but their efficiency in killing microbes was studied under the same treatment parameters. Our results show that in nearly all cases only minimal differences exist between the data in the literature and the measurements taken on the two appliances.
Aluminium toxicity in winter wheat
Authors: Szabó A. , Gyimes E. , Véha A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Aluminium is the most frequent metal of the earth crust; it occurs mainly as biologically inactive, insoluble deposit. Environmental problems, industrial contaminations and acid rains increase the soil acidity, leading to the mobilization of Al. Half of the world’s potential arable lands are acidic; therefore, Al-toxicity decreases crop productivity. Wheat is a staple food for 35% of the world population. The effects of Al-stress (0.1 mM) were studied on winter wheat; seedlings were grown hydroponically, at acidic pH. After two weeks, the root weight was decreased; a significant difference was found in the P- and Ca-content. The shoot weight and element content changed slightly; Al-content in the root was one magnitude higher than in the shoot, while Al-translocation was limited. The root plasma membrane H+-ATPase has central role in the uptake processes; Al-stress increased the Mg2+-ATPase activity of the microsomal fraction.
Lycopene and flesh colour differences in grafted and non-grafted watermelon
Authors: Fekete D. , Stéger-Máté M. , Bőhm V. , Balázs G. , Kappel N. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The experiment was carried out in three regions in Hungary (Jászszentandrás, Cece, Újkígyós) in 2013 to determine the fruit quality of grafted watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb.). The “RX 467” seedless watermelon variety was grafted on two commercial rootstocks “FR STRONG” [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] and “RS 841” (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne × Cucurbita moschata Duchesne). The lycopene and flesh colours are important quality characteristics even of the selfrooted and grafted watermelon. Some differences can be attributed to different environments, technological methods and to the type of rootstockscion combination. Lycopene is a strong antioxidant; therefore, we considered to examine the content change. Regardless of growing location, the lycopene concentration and the chroma (C*) showed the best result in the case of interspecific rootstock. The result also showed that in two regions (Jászszentandrás, Cece) we can find negative correlation between the lycopene concentration and the L* value of the flesh colour.
Experiences of using the fruit waste of the modern Hungarian pálinka fermentation technology for the foraging of extensively kept grey cattle
Authors: Barabás A. , Szigeti J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this article, the authors report on the experiences of six years of foraging, describing how the fruit wastes generated in the Pannonhalmi Pálinkárium are utilized for foraging Hungarian grey cattle. The goal is not the control or improvement of the cattle’s growth indices but the problem-free, continuous and eco-friendly disposal of the fruit waste. They have found that the fruit waste or pomace is virtually nothing else than protein-enriched sugar-free fruit, and that during the utilization of this they have to maximally adapt to the cattle’s life-cycle, biological nature and environmental factors, and they will repay you by eating the pomace. They conclude that the grey cattle are a skin-and-hairs-covered bioreactor, which provides an economical service for the distillery through the utilization of the fruit waste. Nowadays, 150,000-200,000 tons of fruit waste is produced every year, and only a few percent of this is utilized in ruminant forage. By writing this article, the authors would like to expand our very scarce knowledge on this topic.
Antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from meat
Authors: Różańska Hanna , Lewtak-Piłat Aleksandra , Osek Jacek 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The aim of the study was the evaluation of the antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from cattle, pig, and poultry meat. A test was performed on 111 strains using the minimum inhibitory concentration technique. The highest number of isolates (94 strains) were resistant to lincomycin, the second-highest resistance was to quinupristin/dalfopristin (88 strains), tetracycline followed (65 strains), and erythromycin resistance was also notable (40 strains). All isolates tested were sensitive to daptomycin, nitrofurantoine, and tigecycline, whereas only few strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, penicillin, and vancomycin. The obtained results showed that meat may be a source of antimicrobial resistant enterococci which may be transferred to humans
A Novel Social Network Structural Balance Based on the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Xing Li Zhao , Le He Li , Hui Zhang 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Exploration of the structural balance of social networks is of great importance for theoretical analysis and practical use. This study modeled the structural balance of social networks as a mathematical optimization problem by using swarm intelligence, and an efficient discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed to solve the modeled optimization problem. To take advantage of the topologies of social networks in the algorithm design, the discrete representation of the particle was redefined, and the discrete particle update principles were redesigned. To validate the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, experiments were conducted using synthetic and real-world social networks. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed algorithm not only achieves a balanced social network structure, but also automatically detects the community topology of networks.
A Study on the Approximation of Clustered Data to Parameterized Family of Fuzzy Membership Functions for the Induction of Fuzzy Decision Trees
Authors: Narayanan Swathi J. , Paramasivam Ilango , Bhatt Rajen B. , Khalid M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper investigates the Triangular, Trapezoidal and Gaussian approximation methods for the purpose of induction of Fuzzy Decision Trees (FDT). The generation of FDT is done using a Fuzzy ID3 induction algorithm. In this work three fuzzy partitioning techniques which form the basis for our investigation are given attention, namely Fuzzy C Means clustering (FCM), Grid partitioning and Subtractive clustering (Subclust). Our contribution lies in studying the effect of various approximations on the generation of FDT giving specific attention to the classification accuracy of FDT. In this study we show that the accuracy levels of FDT generated using FCM clustered raw data, bypassing the approximation step, is acceptable and this method has several advantages too. Several computational experiments are conducted and non parametric statistical tests are performed to find if any significant differences exist between the method of bypassing the approximation step and the other methods which include approximation. Ten FDTs are developed and used in this study. These FDT’s differ in their fuzzy partitioning techniques and the approximation methods used.
Compress-and-Forward for Relay Broadcast Channels without Common Messages
Authors: Song Xiaoxia , Li Yong 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper is connected with compress-and-forward strategy for two-user relay broadcast channels without common messages, where the relay node has private messages from the source, in addition to aiding traditional communication from the source to the destination. For this channel we derive two achievable rate regions based on the compress-and-forward strategy in cases of discrete memoryless channels and Gaussian channels, respectively. The numerical results for Gaussian relay broadcast channel show that the inner bound based on the compress-and-forward strategy improves when all the messages without peeling off any components are compressed and sent to the receiver. It also verifies that the inner bound based on compress-and-forward strategy is better than that based on decode-and-forward strategy, when the relay node is near to the sink node. Moreover, the rate region of the broadcast channel improves considerably when the collaboration between the two receivers is allowed. So the relay node can provide residual resources to help the communication between the source and the sink after its communication rate is satisfied, which gives some insights to select an available relay node in a practical communication system.
Privacy-Preserving of Check-in Services in MSNS Based on a Bit Matrix
Authors: Wen Chen 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Check-in service, being one of the most popular services in Mobile Social Network Services (MSNS), has serious personal privacy leakage threats. In this paper check-in sequences of pseudonym users were buffered, and a bit matrix for buffered check-in sequences was built, which can achieve privacy guarantee of k-anonymity. The method guarantees that the number of lost check-in locations is minimized while satisfying users’ privacy requirements. Besides, it also reduces the cost of finding a trajectory k-anonymity set. At last, the results of a set of comparative experiments with (k, δ)-anonymity on real world datasets show the method accuracy and efficiency.
Comparative Study of a Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Observer and an Extended Kalman Filter for a Freeway Traffic System
Authors: Majid H. , Abouaïssa H. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Traffic state estimation represents one of the important ingredients for traffic prediction and forecasting. The work presented in this paper deals with the estimation of traffic state variables (density and speed), using the so called Super- Twisting Sliding Mode Observer (STSM). Several numerical simulations, using simulated and real data, show the relevance of the proposed approach. In addition, a comparative study with the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) is carried-out. The comparison indices concern convergence and stability, dynamic performance and robustness. The design of the two observers is achieved using a nonlinear second order traffic flow model in the same highway traffic and geometric conditions.
Experimental data and kinetic models in terms of methanol formation during oxygen delignification processes of alkaline pulps
Authors: Hu Hui-Chao , Chai Xin-Sheng , Zhang Chun-Yun , Fu Li-Min , Barnes Donald , Huang Liulian , Chen Lihui 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper reports on the formation of methanol (MeOH) during conventional oxygen delignification (OD) of four typical alkaline pulps, namely, southern pine kraft pulp (SP-KP), wheat straw soda pulp (WS-SP), and eucalyptus kraft pulp (E-KP) with κ numbers (KN) of 32.8 and 16.9 (E-KP32.8 and E-KP16.9). Based on the mass transfer effect of MeOH and a proposed demethoxylation reaction pathway of lignin, two kinds of kinetic models were proposed to predict MeOH formation. The results show that the two-stage pseudo kinetic model with a first-order rate equation is adequate, which was further modified to a first-order kinetic model by means of which MeOH formation during OD of the pulps can be effectively predicted. Finally, the single set of kinetic parameters for the WS-SP, E-KP32.8, and E-KP16.9 pulps was calculated. The proposed kinetic model is considered as a valuable tool for the prediction and control of MeOH formation during OD of various alkaline pulps.