bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study ofSoxRactivation by redox‐active compounds
Authors: Singh Atul K. , Shin Jung‐Ho , Lee Kang‐Lok , Imlay James A. , Roe Jung‐Hye 
Published: October 2013

SummarySoxRfromEscherichia coliand related enterobacteria is activated by a broad range of redox‐active compounds through oxidation or nitrosylation of its [2Fe–2S] cluster. ActivatedSoxRthen inducesSoxS, which subsequently activates more than 100 genes in response. In contrast, non‐entericSoxRsdirectly activate their target genes in response to redox‐active compounds that include endogenously produced metabolites. We compared the responsiveness ofSoxRsfromStreptomyces coelicolor(ScSoxR),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PaSoxR) andE. coli(EcSoxR), all expressed inS. coelicolor, towards natural or synthetic redox‐active compounds.EcSoxRresponded to all compounds examined, whereasScSoxRwas insensitive to oxidants such as paraquat (Eh−440 mV) and menadione sodium bisulphite (Eh−45 mV) and toNOgenerators.PaSoxRwas insensitive only to someNOgenerators. Whole‐cellEPRanalysis ofSoxRsexpressed inE. colirevealed that the [2Fe–2S]1+ofScSoxRwas not oxidizable by paraquat, differing fromEcSoxRandPaSoxR. The mid‐point redox potential of purifiedScSoxRwas determined to be −185 ± 10 mV, higher by ∼ 100 mV than those ofEcSoxRandPaSoxR, supporting its limited response to paraquat. The overall sensitivity profile indicates that both redox potential and kinetic reactivity determine the differential responses ofSoxRstowards various oxidants.
Advances in cetacean telemetry: A review of single‐pin transmitter attachment techniques on small cetaceans and development of a new satellite‐linked transmitter design
Authors: Balmer Brian C. , Wells Randall S. , Howle Laurens E. , Barleycorn Aaron A. , McLellan William A. , Ann Pabst D. , Rowles Teri K. , Schwacke Lori H. , Townsend Forrest I. , Westgate Andrew J. , Zolman Eric S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractElectronic tags have proven to be valuable tools in assessing small cetacean movement and behavior. However, problems associated with tag size and attachment have limited duration and damaged dorsal fins. These outcomes have motivated researchers to develop a new satellite‐linked tag design that reduces detrimental effects to tagged animals, while increasing transmission durations. The goals of this study were to review previous studies that deployed single‐pin transmitters and determine factors that influence transmission duration. Then, test these factors utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to identify an optimal single‐pin satellite‐linked tag design, and evaluate this prototype through field studies. A review of four projects, which deployed 77 single‐pin radio tags, determined that tags attached along the lower third of the dorsal fin and approximately 33 mm from the trailing edge resulted in longer transmission durations and reduced negative impacts to the dorsal fin. Based upon these results and CFD modeling, prototype, single‐pin satellite‐linked tags (n = 25) transmitted for 163 ± 22 d (mean ± 95% CI) which greatly exceeded transmissions for previous small cetacean telemetry studies. These results suggest that the newly developed single‐pin satellite‐linked tag design strikes a balance between reducing impacts to the individual while maximizing transmissions.
Adaptation to spring heat and drought in northeastern Spanish Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wolfe Marnin D. , Tonsor Stephen J. 
Published: October 2013

Summary

The extent to which a species' environmental range reflects adaptive differentiation remains an open question. Environmental gradients can lead to adaptive divergence when differences in stressors among sites along the gradient place conflicting demands on the balance of stress responses. The extent to which this is accomplished through stress tolerance vs stress avoidance is also an open question.

We present results from a controlled environment study of 48 lineages of Arabidopsis thaliana collected along a gradient in northeastern Spain across which temperatures increase and precipitation decreases with decreasing elevation. We tested the extent to which clinal adaptive divergence in heat and drought is explained through tolerance and avoidance traits by subjecting plants to a dynamic growth chamber cycle of increasing heat and drought stress analogous to low elevation spring in northeastern Spain.

Lineages collected at low elevation were the most fit and fitness scaled with elevation of origin. Higher fitness was associated with earlier bolting, greater early allocation to increased numbers of inflorescences, reduction in rosette leaf photosynthesis and earlier fruit ripening.

We propose that this is a syndrome of avoidance through early flowering accompanied by restructuring of the organism that adapts A. thaliana to low‐elevation Mediterranean climates.
Crossover rate between homologous chromosomes and interference are regulated by the addition of specific unpaired chromosomes in Brassica
Authors: Suay Loreto , Zhang Deshuang , Eber Frédérique , Jouy Hélène , Lodé Maryse , Huteau Virginie , Coriton Olivier , Szadkowski Emmanuel , Leflon Martine , Martin Olivier C. , Falque Matthieu , Jenczewski Eric , Paillard Sophie , Chèvre Anne‐Marie 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Recombination is a major mechanism generating genetic diversity, but the control of the crossover rate remains a key question. In Brassica napus (AACC, 2n = 38), we can increase the homologous recombination between A genomes in AAC hybrids. Hypotheses for this effect include the number of C univalent chromosomes, the ratio between univalents and bivalents and, finally, which of the chromosomes are univalents.

To test these hypotheses, we produced AA hybrids with zero, one, three, six or nine additional C chromosomes and four different hybrids carrying 2n = 32 and 2n = 35 chromosomes. The genetic map lengths for each hybrid were established to compare their recombination rates.

The rates were 1.4 and 2.7 times higher in the hybrids having C6 or C9 alone than in the control (0C). This enhancement reached 3.1 and 4.1 times in hybrids carrying six and nine C chromosomes, and it was also higher for each pair of hybrids carrying 2n = 32 or 2n = 35 chromosomes, with a dependence on which chromosomes remained as univalents.

We have shown, for the first time, that the presence of one chromosome, C9, affects significantly the recombination rate and reduces crossover interference. This result will have fundamental implications on the regulation of crossover frequency.
TAILORING POINT COUNTS FOR INFERENCE ABOUT AVIAN DENSITY: DEALING WITH NONDETECTION AND AVAILABILITY
Authors: JOHNSON FRED A. , DORAZIO ROBERT M. , CASTELLÓN TRACI D. , MARTIN JULIEN , GARCIA JAY O. , NICHOLS JAMES D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPoint counts are commonly used for bird surveys, but interpretation is ambiguous unless there is an accounting for the imperfect detection of individuals. We show how repeated point counts, supplemented by observation distances, can account for two aspects of the counting process: (1) detection of birds conditional on being available for observation and (2) the availability of birds for detection given presence. We propose a hierarchical model that permits the radius in which birds are available for detection to vary with forest stand age (or other relevant habitat features), so that the number of birds available at each location is described by a Poisson‐gamma mixture. Conditional on availability, the number of birds detected at each location is modeled by a beta‐binomial distribution. We fit this model to repeated point count data of Florida scrub‐jays and found evidence that the area in which birds were available for detection decreased with increasing stand age. Estimated density was 0.083 (95%CI: 0.060–0.113) scrub‐jays/ha. Point counts of birds have a number of appealing features. Based on our findings, however, an accounting for both components of the counting process may be necessary to ensure that abundance estimates are comparable across time and space. Our approach could easily be adapted to other species and habitats.
Area Disparities in Britain: Understanding the Contribution of People vs. Place Through Variance Decompositions
Authors: Gibbons Stephen , Overman Henry G. , Pelkonen Panu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis article considers methods for decomposing wage variation into individual and group specific components. We discuss the merits of these methods, which are applicable to variance decomposition problems generally. The relative magnitudes of the measures depend on the underlying variances and covariances, and we discuss how to interpret them, and how they might relate to structural parameters of interest. We show that a clear‐cut division of variation into area and individual components is impossible. An empirical application to the British labour market demonstrates that labour market area effects contribute very little to the overall variation of wages in Britain.
Prevalence of oral white lesions due to qat chewing among women in Yemen
Authors: Schmidt‐Westhausen AM , Al Sanabani J , Al‐Sharabi AK 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesTo investigate oral mucosal white lesions due to qat chewing among Yemeni women and their possible confounders (tobacco, water‐pipe).Patients and MethodsIn a cross‐sectional hospital study, 162 healthy women were divided into 109 qat chewers and 53 non‐qat chewers. Inclusion criteria were as follows: ≥20 years of age, chewing qat habitually ≥5 years on one side. Women were interviewed about tobacco/water‐pipe use and examined for oral mucosal lesions.ResultsAmong chewers, white lesions were recorded in 82/109 (75.2%) at the chewing site. Lesions on the opposite side were recorded among 6/109 (5.5%) and among 7/53 (13.2%) non‐chewers. Lesions reported among chewers were correlated with the side of chewing and with longer duration of the habit. The difference in the prevalence of white lesions present between cases and controls was significant (P < 0.000). When white lesions were correlated with the durations of chewing and water‐pipe and cigarette smoking, results in terms of chewing were highly significant (P = 0.000) and those in terms of water‐pipe smoking and cigarette smoking were not significant.ConclusionHabitual chewing of qat fibres by Yemeni women over decades caused mucosal white lesions recorded on the chewing side irrespective of additional noxae as tobacco and water‐pipe smoking.
Reciprocal effects of Interferon‐γ and IL‐4 on differentiation to osteoclast‐like cells by RANKL or LPS
Authors: Hu Y , Ek‐Rylander B , Wendel M , Andersson G 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveLPS can induce differentiation to osteoclast‐like cells independent of RANKL. In comparison with RANKL, the effects of Th1 and Th2 cytokines on LPS‐induced osteoclastogenesis have not been extensively studied. In this study, we investigated the effects of IFN‐γ and IL‐4 on RANKL‐ or LPS‐induced osteoclastogenesis.Materials and methodsRAW 264.7 cells were induced to differentiate into osteoclast‐like cells by RANKL or LPS, in the absence or presence of IFN‐γ or IL‐4. The number of TRAP‐positive, multinucleated (≥ 3 nuclei) cells (MNCs) was counted. mRNA and protein levels of TRAP and cathepsin K were determined by quantitative RT‐PCR and Western immunoblot, respectively. Expression of other genes implicated in osteoclast and macrophage differentiation and inflammation was also quantitated and was subsequently assessed in bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMMs). Phagocytic capacity of differentiated RAW264.7 was investigated by the uptake of pHrodo S. aureus bioparticles conjugates.ResultsIn contrast to the RANKL‐treated cell population that gained more macrophage‐like properties at the level of gene and protein expression as well as phagocytosis in the presence of IFN‐γ or IL‐4, the LPS‐induced population gained more osteoclast‐like properties by the addition of the same factors.ConclusionThese data suggest that the adaptive immune system, through either Th1 or Th2 cytokines, is able to modify the differentiation process of osteoclasts in inflammatory situations. Moreover, the study provides an example of different regulation of osteoclast differentiation during physiological and inflammatory conditions.
Egg‐white‐specific IgA and IgA2 antibodies in egg‐allergic children: Is there a role in tolerance induction?
Authors: Konstantinou George N. , Nowak‐Węgrzyn Anna , Bencharitiwong Ramon , Bardina Luda , Sicherer Scott H. , Sampson Hugh A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundDecreased serum food‐specific IgA antibodies have been associated with allergic disease in cross‐sectional, case–control studies. The purpose of this study was to prospectively compare egg‐white‐(EW)‐specific IgA and IgA2 levels between egg‐allergic children and children tolerating egg.MethodsSeventeen egg‐allergic children were followed prospectively. Total IgA, EW‐specific IgA, and EW‐specific IgA2 levels were measured in their sera with a sensitive ELISA. As negative controls were used children with no previous history of egg allergy. Egg‐allergic children with or without concomitant milk allergy were evaluated as additional controls with measurement of casein‐specific IgA.ResultsAfter 2.5 ± 0.9 yrs, nine out of the 17 allergic children became tolerant and eight remained allergic to baked egg. Baseline EW‐specific IgA2 levels were significantly lower in the egg‐allergic subjects (median 23.9 ng/ml) compared with the negative control subjects (99.4 ng/ml) and increased significantly by 28% over the study time period in eight out of the nine allergic children that became tolerant to baked egg. There was no significant change over time in EW‐specific IgA in any of the study groups. Non‐milk‐allergic subjects with concomitant egg allergy had almost threefold higher casein‐specific IgA levels than the milk‐ and egg‐allergic subjects (p = 0.025).ConclusionsThese results suggest a potential role for allergen‐specific IgA2 antibodies in the induction of food tolerance. Furthermore, they support the hypothesis that immature or impaired production of allergen‐specific IgA2 may be associated with the pathophysiology of food allergy, a defect that seems to be selective for the culprit allergen.
Lumbosacral Epiduroscopy Findings Predict Treatment Outcome
Authors: Bosscher Hemmo A. , Heavner James E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of diagnostic markers obtained through epiduroscopy by evaluating the accuracy of outcome prediction after treatment of epidural pathology using epiduroscopy.DesignA prospective observational study of 139 patients was performed. Patients with chronic low back and leg pain were included. Of the 150 patients who underwent epiduroscopy in the year 2008 at a US hospital, 139 were available for evaluation at 1 month.StudyOutcome of treatment was predicted based on direct visual information (hyperemia, vascularity, and fibrosis) and mechanical information (pain to touch, contrast spread, and patency) obtained through epiduroscopy.Main Outcome MeasuresOutcome of treatment was measured at 1 month. Accuracy of prediction of outcome was calculated using contingency tables and odds ratios.ResultsA prediction of outcome was made in 114 of 139 patients (82%). This prediction was correct in 89 of these 114 patients (accuracy of 78%). The sensitivity and specificity of epiduroscopy with respect to the prediction of outcome were 75% and 82%, respectively. These results were statistically significant (P < 0.01).In 25 of the 139 patients (18%), discrete epidural pathology was not observed. Nine of these 25 patients reported good relief after epiduroscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of epiduroscopy in the diagnosis of epidural pathology were 91% and 39%, respectively. These results were not statistically different (P > 0.1).ConclusionOur results show that lumbosacral epiduroscopy predicts outcome of treatment accurately in the majority of patients. This suggests that information obtained through epiduroscopy may carry significant diagnostic and prognostic value.
Genes for resistance to powdery mildew in European winter barley cultivars registered in the Czech Republic and Slovakia to 2010
Authors: Dreiseitl Antonín 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn central Europe, winter barley is infected by a broader spectrum of pathogens than spring barley. However, the dominant disease on susceptible cultivars is powdery mildew. The objective of this contribution was to postulate resistance genes in cultivars registered in the Czech Republic and Slovakia from 1993 to 2010 using a set of 40 isolates of the barley powdery mildew pathogen. Seedlings of 42 European cultivars were tested, and 15 known resistance genes were postulated namely, Mla6, Mla7, Mla12, Mla13, MlaRu4, Mlg, Mlh, MlLa, Mlra, Ml(Ch), Ml(Dr2), Ml(IM9), Ml(Lo), Ml(Ru2) and Ml(St). Two unknown resistances were detected, one in cultivars Gilberta, Mirko and Polana, and another in Ricus. Three cultivars (Campanile, Carrero and Mirko) were heterogeneous for mildew response. The most frequent genes were Mlra and Mlh, which were found in 25 and 14 cultivars, respectively. Genes located at the Mla locus were present in 14 cultivars; 11 of these cultivars carried Mla6. No resistance gene was detected in Hanna. Previously unknown resistances will be further characterized.
Modelled hydraulic redistribution by sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) matches observed data only after including night‐time transpiration
Authors: NEUMANN REBECCA B. , CARDON ZOE G. , TESHERA‐LEVYE JENNIFER , ROCKWELL FULTON E. , ZWIENIECKI MACIEJ A. , HOLBROOK N. MICHELE 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe movement of water from moist to dry soil layers through the root systems of plants, referred to as hydraulic redistribution (HR), occurs throughout the world and is thought to influence carbon and water budgets and ecosystem functioning. The realized hydrologic, biogeochemical and ecological consequences of HR depend on the amount of redistributed water, whereas the ability to assess these impacts requires models that correctly capture HR magnitude and timing. Using several soil types and two ecotypes of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in split‐pot experiments, we examined how well the widely used HR modelling formulation developed by Ryel et al. matched experimental determination of HR across a range of water potential driving gradients. H. annuus carries out extensive night‐time transpiration, and although over the last decade it has become more widely recognized that night‐time transpiration occurs in multiple species and many ecosystems, the original Ryel et al. formulation does not include the effect of night‐time transpiration on HR. We developed and added a representation of night‐time transpiration into the formulation, and only then was the model able to capture the dynamics and magnitude of HR we observed as soils dried and night‐time stomatal behaviour changed, both influencing HR.
Fatty acid composition remains stable across trophic levels in a gall wasp community
Authors: VISSER BERTANNE , VAN DOOREMALEN COBY , VÁZQUEZ RUIZ ALBA , ELLERS JACINTHA 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAcquiring sufficient nutrients is particularly important for insects that are unable to synthesize certain nutrient types de novo, as is the case for numerous parasitoid species that do not synthesize lipids. The lipid reserves of parasitoids are acquired from a single host during larval development. This imposes constraints on the quantity and quality of available lipids. In the present study, the lipid dynamics throughout the trophic cascade are investigated by measuring lipogenic ability, modifications in fatty acid composition and host exploitation efficiency in species at different trophic positions within the community of parasitoids associated with the gall wasp Diplolepis rosae L. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). The results obtained show that lipid levels remain stable or decline after feeding in all species, indicating that none of the wasps synthesize lipids. Fatty acid composition is highly similar between the gall wasp, parasitoid and hyperparasitoid species, with the exception of the parasitoid Orthopelma mediator Thunberg (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). The divergence of fatty acid composition in O. mediator suggests that this species is able to modify its fatty acid composition after the consumption of host lipids. The efficiency of exploitation of host resource, in terms of dry body mass acquired, varies among the species (41–70%), although it is high overall compared with the efficiencies reported in other animals. Hence, for parasitoid wasps that lack lipid synthesis capabilities, the efficiency of host exploitation is high and fatty acids are consumed directly from the host without modification, leading to stable fatty acid compositions throughout the trophic cascade.
A Qualitative Descriptive Study of Risk Reduction for Coronary Disease among the Hong Kong Chinese
Authors: Chan Choi Wan , Lopez Violeta 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesAchieving optimal control and reduction in coronary heart disease (CHD) risks in Hong Kong (HK) remains significant and requires exploring. This article addresses the ability to reduce CHD risks among the HK Chinese.Design and SampleThrough secondary analysis, a qualitative descriptive design using focus group interviews and content analysis were adopted. Older and younger adults were invited for the study.MeasuresAn interview schedule was used to guide discussions during focus group interviews.ResultsFour categories emerged from the data: planning of health actions, control of risk‐reducing behavior, perceived opportunities for understanding CHD, and chest pain appraisal.ConclusionsLocal culture and population needs play a central role in disease perception and prevention. The findings are essential to target strategies for initiating health acts for younger adults and establish public education resources that underscore understanding of CHD risk, symptom recognition, and disease management, particularly among those middle‐aged and older people at high risk and with the diseased populations.
Phototherapy approaches in treatment of oral lichen planus
Authors: Pavlic Verica , Vujic‐Aleksic Vesna 
Published: October 2013

SummaryOral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic immunologic mucocutaneous inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. Since the etiopathology of OLP is idiopathic, treatment is usually symptomatic, therefore showing low predictability. Currently, topical corticosteroids are widely accepted as the standard therapy. However, for patients unresponsive to standard therapy for OLP, new treatment modalities have been sought. Phototherapy has recently been accepted as an alternative or adjunctive treatment modality for many conditions in medicine and dentistry. The aim of this study is to present the advantages and disadvantages of the different kinds of phototherapy used in treatment of OLP (UV phototherapy, lasers, and photodynamic therapy). The main outcome measures compared were improvement of signs and symptoms and OLP recurrence. Although some phototherapy techniques in the selected articles have demonstrated limited effects, there is no solid basis in evidence for the effectiveness of any of these treatments for OLP. Therefore, further research, especially randomized controlled clinical trials with long‐term follow‐up, is needed to give any solid recommendation on the use of phototherapy in the field of OLP treatment.