bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of topography and canopy cover on argos satellite telemetry performance
Authors: Sauder Joel D. , Rachlow Janet L. , Wiest Michelle M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEnvironmental variables can affect performance of global positioning system (GPS) telemetry; however, similar assessments have not been reported for Argos satellite telemetry. We used a stratified random design and linear mixed‐effects models to evaluate the influence of 2 environmental variables (canopy cover and topographic obstruction) on 2 metrics of Argos satellite telemetry performance, observation rate and mean location error. Our results indicated that an Argos transmitter moving from minimal (i.e., 20%) to maximal (i.e., 95%) topographic obstruction and canopy cover would experience, on average, only a 12.4% decrease in observation rate (approx. 1.3 fixes/24 hr of operation), and mean location error would decrease by 3.4% (7.8 m). We concluded that these environmental variables have little practical effect on Argos telemetry performance, a finding that markedly contrasts similar evaluations of GPS telemetry. We documented a substantial increase in the number of high‐quality locations compared with values reported previously in the literature; this is likely due to recent improvements in satellite and transmitter technology. Although Argos telemetry location errors continue to exceed those reported for GPS telemetry, the system should be considered as a telemetry tool when avoiding data bias associated with missed fixes is more important than location accuracy. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Using fecal progestagens and logistic regression to enhance pregnancy detection in wild ungulates: A bison case study
Authors: Cain Steven L. , Higgs Megan D. , Roffe Thomas J. , Monfort Steven L. , Berger Joel 
Published: November 2012

AbstractUngulate ecological studies often include components of reproduction because of its demographic importance and the ecological factors affecting it. Pregnancy status, in particular, is key because it represents a starting point for succeeding measurements of vital rates. Here, we present a case study using wild bison (Bison bison), in which we developed a non‐invasive method for assessing pregnancy in unmarked, non‐handled animals that improves upon existing approaches for wild ungulates. Specifically, we employed a model‐based binary logistic‐regression approach to estimate the probability of pregnancy predicted by fecal progestagen concentrations quantified from a single, late‐gestation scat sample. For 155 observations of 42 marked bison from the Jackson herd in northwest Wyoming, USA during 1997–2005, we used combinations of transrectal uterine palpation and calf status as independent measures of pregnancy to reduce the potential for error inherent in using either measure alone. We evaluated predictive success by calculating mis‐prediction rates from leave‐one‐out cross‐validation, and by calculating the percentage of 95% confidence intervals that crossed a pregnant–not‐pregnant threshold. Correct predictions, with high confidence, were obtained from a model using year‐centered, natural‐log‐transformed progestagen concentrations, resulting in an overall successful cross‐validation pregnancy prediction rate of 93.5%. Our approach will allow practitioners to consider the uncertainty associated with each prediction, thereby improving prediction interpretations. The approach should appeal to practitioners because fecal samples are easily collected and preserved, laboratory procedures are well‐documented, and logistic‐regression statistical software is readily available. Furthermore, samples can be obtained non‐invasively, which reduces cost and potential bias and increases animal safety, human safety, and social acceptability. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Assessing persistence of the American pika at historic localities in California's Northern Sierra Nevada
Authors: Stewart Joseph A. E. , Wright David H. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe American pika (Ochotona princeps) appears to have experienced a substantial upslope range contraction in the Great Basin in response to climate warming. In California, models predict range contraction, but whether the species' lower elevational limit has already shifted remains unclear. We located and determined current occupancy at 19 historic pika localities in the northern Sierra Nevada of California, USA, in 2009–2012. We found that 17 localities were currently occupied by pikas at or near the original record location, while at 2 localities pikas appeared extirpated. No strong climate signal was detected in our data; however, the distribution of historic points does not allow us to rule out upslope range contraction in our region. Talus area was closely correlated with pika persistence, consistent with the application of metapopulation theory to pikas. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Small mammal use of field borders planted as beneficial insect habitat
Authors: Moorman Christopher E. , Plush Charles J. , Orr David B. , Reberg‐Horton Chris , Gardner Beth 
Published: November 2012

AbstractField borders established for wildlife conservation have been recognized as a possible venue for also promoting beneficial insect populations, such as parasitic wasps and pollinators, on agricultural lands. However, traditional fallow field borders lack nectar sources required to sustain beneficial insect communities, and their value to small mammals is not well‐understood. In October–November 2009, we trapped small mammals in four field‐border treatments (planted native, warm‐season grasses and prairie flowers, planted prairie flowers only, fallow vegetation, and frequently mowed vegetation) replicated around nine organic crop fields, and developed closed‐population models in Program MARK to estimate abundance in each border. We also measured vegetation cover within each border treatment from June to August 2009. We captured 491 individuals of two species, the hispid cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) and house mouse (Mus musculus). Cotton rat abundance was ≥2 times greater in grass and flower borders and flowers‐only borders than in fallow borders, likely because of greater vegetation density and availability of preferred foods in planted borders. No cotton rats were captured in mowed borders, and house mouse abundance was ≥5 times lower in mowed borders than in other border types. Lower abundance of cotton rats and house mice in mowed borders emphasizes the importance of structurally complex non‐crop vegetation for supporting small‐mammal communities in agricultural landscapes. Field borders planted to promote beneficial insects may be a useful tool for maximizing the ecological services provided by non‐crop vegetation. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Plant diversity patterns in subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forests of Yunnan and Taiwan
Authors: Tang Cindy Q. , Chiou Chyi‐Rong , Lin Cheng‐Tao , Lin Jian‐Rong , Hsieh Chang‐Fu , Tang Jian‐Wei , Su Wen‐Hua , Hou Xiuli 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe subtropical evergreen broad‐leaved forests of Yunnan and Taiwan were compared along environmental and successional gradients with the aim of identifying important taxon and species diversity as well as the drivers of mountain biodiversity patterns. A detrended correspondence analysis of an exhaustive set of data collected from 105 and 223 plots for Yunnan and Taiwan, respectively, was applied to classify natural mature forest types. Additional data from 72 and 68 plots for Yunnan and Taiwan, respectively, were used for analyses of secondary succession. The floristic richness and diversity index were calculated for each type of forest. In Yunnan, the monsoon forests in mesic‐humid sites had more taxa and tended to show higher species diversity than the other two forest types. In Taiwan, species diversity values were significantly higher in the Machilus–Castanopsis zone in the middle altitudes (500–1500 m) than for the other three forest zones. For both Yunnan and Taiwan, the forests at the middle successional stage showed significantly higher species diversity than those at the early successional stage. Differences in diversity between the middle and late stages were not significant. These findings highlight the high species diversity of the natural mature evergreen broad‐leaved forests of both Yunnan and Taiwan. In the secondary forests, as succession proceeds, species diversity comes to resemble that of the natural mature forests. In both ecosystems, the drivers of species diversity patterns are moisture, altitude, and succession/disturbance.
The factorial invariance of the CES‐D during adolescence: Are symptom profiles for depression stable across gender and time?
Authors: Verhoeven Marjolein , Sawyer Michael G. , Spence Susan H. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThis study examined the factorial invariance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale (CES‐D) across gender and time during adolescence. The factor structure of the CES‐D was compared at four annual measurement waves in a community sample of 2650 Australian adolescents. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the factor structure of the CES‐D was generally invariant across gender and time. However, gender differences were found on three items: for all waves the item ‘I had crying spells’ was a stronger indicator for depressive affect in females than males. On the final three waves the item ‘people were unfriendly’ loaded significantly higher on the factor ‘Interpersonal Relations’ for males than females. On Wave 2 and 3 males interpreted the item ‘everything I did was an effort’ with a positive connotation, whereas females interpret it with a negative association. These gender‐differences are discussed from both a theoretical and a methodological perspective.
Singular measures for classP-circle homeomorphisms with several break points
Authors: ADOUANI ABDELHAMID , MARZOUGUI HABIB 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLetfbe a classP-homeomorphism of the circle with break point singularities, that is, differentiable except at some singular points where the derivative has a jump. Letfhave irrational rotation number andDfbe absolutely continuous on every continuity interval ofDf. We prove that if the product of thef-jumps along any subset of break points is distinct from 1 then the invariant measureμfis singular with respect to the Haar measure. This result generalizes previous results obtained by Dzhalilov and Khanin, Dzhalilov, Akhadkulov, Dzhalilov–Liousse and Mayer. Moreover, we prove that if the rotation numberρ(f) is irrational of bounded type then (a) if the product of thef-jumps on some orbit is distinct from 1 then the invariant measureμfis singular with respect to the Haar measurem, and (b) if the product of thef-jumps on each orbit is equal to 1 andD2f∈Lp(S1) for somep>1 thenμfis equivalent to the Haar measure.
On the conjectural Leibniz cohomology for groups
Authors: Covez Simon 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article presents results which are consistent with conjectures about Leibniz (co)homology for discrete groups, due to J. L. Loday in 2003. We prove that rack cohomology has properties very close to the properties expected for the conjectural Leibniz cohomology. In particular, we prove the existence of a graded dendriform algebra structure on rack cohomology, and we construct a graded associative algebra morphism H•(−) → HR•(−) from group cohomology to rack cohomology which is injective for ● = 1.
Intake of specific nutrients and foods and hearing level measured 13 years later
Authors: Péneau Sandrine , Jeandel Claude , Déjardin Philippe , Andreeva Valentina A. , Hercberg Serge , Galan Pilar , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle ,   the SU.VI.MAX 2 Research Group
Published: November 2012

Only a few studies have investigated the impact of nutrients and food groups on hearing level (HL) with a population-based approach. We examined the 13-year association between intake of specific nutrients and food groups and HL in a sample of French adults. A total of 1823 subjects, aged 45–60 years at baseline, participating in the Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals 2 cohort were selected. Nutrient and food intake was estimated at baseline among participants who had completed at least six 24 h dietary records. HL was assessed 13 years after baseline and was defined as the pure-tone air conduction of the worse ear at the following thresholds: 0·5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz. The relationship between quartiles of energy-adjusted nutrient and food intake and HL was assessed by multivariate linear regression analyses, in men and women separately. Intakes of retinol (P-trend = 0·058) and vitamin B12 (P-trend = 0·068) tended to be associated with better HL in women. Intakes of meat as a whole (P-trend = 0·030), red meat (P-trend = 0·014) and organ meat (P-trend = 0·017) were associated with better HL in women. Higher intake of seafood as a whole (P-trend = 0·07) and of shellfish (P-trend = 0·097) tended to be associated with better HL in men. Consumption of meat is therefore associated with a better HL in women. Further research is required to better elucidate the mechanisms behind the associations between diet and hearing.
Diet adherence dynamics and physiological responses to a tomato product whole-food intervention in African–American men
Authors: Park Eunyoung , Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis Maria , Sharifi Roohollah , Wu Zhigang , Freeman Vincent L. , Bowen Phyllis E. 
Published: November 2012

Tomatoes may have beneficial effects on prostate health. Efficacy trials would require long-term adherence to high levels of tomato product (TP) consumption. Therefore, factors that affect adherence in men most at risk and whether increased consumption of TP negatively affects diet and health are important concerns. Cancer-free African–American (AA) men (n36) with mean serum prostate-specific antigen of 7·4sd5·6) ng/ml were randomised to consume one serving of TP/d or a control diet for 3 months. Mean intervention group lycopene intake rose to 464 %, with negligible control group increase. Plasma lycopene levels rose by 53 and 40 % in the intervention group in months 1 and 3, respectively (P< 0·0001), with no control group change. The intervention group's barriers to adherence score was inversely associated with both dietary (r− 0·49,P= 0·02) and plasma lycopene concentration (r− 0·37,P= 0·02). Their TP disadvantage score negatively correlated with the 3-month plasma lycopene concentrations (r− 0·37,P= 0·008) and their weekly incentives and impediments were remarkably stable, ‘concern for prostate health’ being the most consistent over time. ‘Liking tomatoes’ and ‘study participation’ decreased in citation frequency at weeks 6 and 9, respectively. No major shifts occurred in dietary cholesterol or saturated fat, with no adverse effects on gastrointestinal complaints, serum total cholesterol, body weight or blood pressure. Lower socio-economic status AA men at higher prostate cancer risk can successfully achieve a whole food intervention goal with a corresponding rise in plasma lycopene concentrations, with no adverse effects on self-selected diet quality or health parameters.
Effects of EPA, γ-linolenic acid or coenzyme Q10 on serum prostate-specific antigen levels: a randomised, double-blind trial
Authors: Safarinejad Mohammad Reza , Shafiei Nayyer , Safarinejad Shiva 
Published: November 2012

The main objective of the present study was to determine the potential ofn-3 andn-6 fatty acids or coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) to alter serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in normal healthy men. A total of 504 healthy men with serum PSA level ≤ 2·5 ng/ml were recruited into the study. Serum PSA values were not segregated by decade of age. Participants were randomly assigned to a daily dietary supplement containingn-3 fatty acids (1·12 g of EPA and 0·72 g of DHA per capsule) (group 1,n126),n-6 fatty acid (600 mg γ-linolenic acid (GLA) each capsule) (group 2,n126), CoQ10(100 mg per capsule) (group 3,n126) or a similar regimen of placebo (group 4,n126) for 12 weeks. Study medication was administered as two capsules to be taken twice daily. Serum levels of PSA, EPA, DHA, GLA, lipid profile and reproductive hormones were also measured. EPA treatment significantly reduced serum PSA level by 30·0 (95 % CI 25, 36) % (P= 0·004) from baseline. In contrast, GLA therapy significantly increased serum PSA concentration by 15·0 (95 % CI 11, 20) % (P= 0·02). CoQ10therapy also significantly reduced serum PSA level by 33·0 (95 % CI 27, 40) % (P= 0·002). In multivariable analysis, serum values of PSA were strongly correlated with duration of EPA (r− 0·62; 95 % CI − 0·42, − 0·77;P= 0·003),n-6 (r0·42; 95 % CI 0·31, 0·58;P= 0·02) and CoQ10use (r− 0·77; 95 % CI − 0·56, − 0·87;P= 0·001). There were also significant correlations between serum values of DHA, EPA, GLA and CoQ10and serum PSA levels. The present study demonstrates that dietary supplements containing EPA, GLA or CoQ10may significantly affect serum PSA levels.
THE PREVALENCE OF CONDOM USE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN ZIMBABWE: IMPLICATIONS FOR PLANNING AND POLICY
Authors: NKOMAZANA NJABULO , MAHARAJ PRANITHA 
Published: November 2012

SummaryYoung people, especially university students, are at high risk of HIV infections because of little or no parental or administrative prohibitions in campus environments. The aim of this study was to ascertain the level of condom use among university students in Zimbabwe; that is, condom use at last sex and consistent condom use among both regular and casual partners. The study draws on self-completed questionnaires administered to university students. The results reveal that, while 78.3% of sexually active respondents had used condoms in penetrative sexual encounters before, only 56.2% had used condoms at their last sexual encounter. As expected, consistent condom use was lower in regular sexual partnerships than it was in casual partnerships (30.6% versus 54.6%). Condom use at first sex and high personal HIV risk perception were found to be the most important factors in explaining condom use at last sex and consistent condom use with casual partners. Condom use intentions were high, as 75% of respondents indicated that they would use condoms at their next sexual encounters. Whilst this is commendable, use rates should ideally be higher still. Campus HIV/AIDS programmers should endeavour to ensure that condoms are available at all times in order to help translate these intentions into actual condom use. In addition, promotional programmes should encourage those who have not yet initiated sexual intercourse to use condoms at their first sex and also to improve personal HIV risk perceptions in order to trigger initiation of protective sexual behaviours.
Characterization of Oesophagostomum asperum and O. columbianum by internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA
Authors: Zhao G.H. , Hu B. , Song J.K. , Jia Y.Q. , Li H.M. , Wang C.R. , Lin Q. , Xu Q.X. , Yu S.K. , Deng Y. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn the present study, the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of Oesophagostomum asperum and O. columbianum were amplified and sequenced. The ITS-1, 5.8S and ITS-2 rDNA sequences of O. asperum were 374 bp, 153 bp and 259 bp in length, respectively, and the corresponding sequences of O. columbianum were 259, 153 and 218 bp in length, respectively. Sequence differences in the ITS-1 and ITS-2 rDNA between the two Oesophagostomum species were 9.5–10.2% and 12.7–13.9%, respectively. Sequence differences in the ITS-1 and ITS-2 rDNA among members of the genus Oesophagostomum were 2.5–11.6% and 6.8–22.3%, respectively. Based on genetic markers in the ITS rDNA, an effective polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach was developed to differentiate O. columbianum from O. asperum with a sensitivity of 0.2 ng/μl DNA. Since accurate characterization of parasites at different taxonomic levels is essential for population genetic studies and control of parasitosis, the present findings have important implications for studying epidemiology, taxonomy and population biology, as well as for the control of oesophagostomiasis.
Illegal Police Protection and the Market for Stolen Vehicles in Buenos Aires
Authors: DEWEY MATÍAS 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn comparison to some illegal enterprises whose operations generate decisive moral rejection on the part of the public, vehicle theft remains an illicit underground activity that citizens largely tolerate or even exploit. In the province of Buenos Aires, the persistence, depth and breadth of transactions related to this black market cannot be explained without referring to the role of the state police. This article uses a theoretical approach to illegal police protection in order to understand the complicity between the police and criminals as fundamental to the market for stolen cars in the province. Using data from in-depth interviews and official documents, the article examines how exactly the police protect thieves, dismantlers and distributors of cars and/or auto parts. It analyses three elements that condition the sale of illegal protection to criminals by the police: threats and selective implementation of penalties; control of consequences; and bureaucratic falsification.
High-speed imaging of dust particles in plasma
Authors: TICOŞ C. M. , TOADER D. , MUNTEANU M. L. , BANU N. , SCURTU A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHigh-speed imaging is a powerful tool for studying dusty plasmas. The recorded trajectories of dust particles can provide direct information about the physical processes involved in dust-plasma and dust–dust interactions. A review of some experiments and their imaging techniques employed for tracking dust particles immersed in low-ionized gases and in high-density plasma jets is presented. Digital cameras are used to record the motion of slow or hypervelocity dust particles dragged by plasma jets, or to evidence single or collective dust particle oscillations and vibrations in the plasma sheath.
Notions of fantasy and reality in the adjustment to retirement
Authors: GOODWIN JOHN , O'CONNOR HENRIETTA 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTDuring the early 1960s, Norbert Elias led a research project on the adjustment of young workers to work situations and adult roles. The data from this project, which consisted of 851 interviews with young people, were recently rediscovered and the participants, now approaching retirement, were re-interviewed as part of a restudy. In this paper we argue, that, in the context of the dramatic changes to the transition to retirement that have taken place in the United Kingdom, it is possible to use Elias's unpublished work on the transition to work as a theoretical framework for understanding of the transition from work and to retirement. In particular, we focus on the themes of fantasy and reality in the perception of retirement; changing interdependencies in the transition to retirement and the extent and impact of retirement preparation on the perception of the change in status from full-time worker to retiree. We conclude by suggesting that the implied advantages of being the ‘baby-boomer’ generation are far from the reality, with the experiences of this group being similar to those who have gone before and face an adjustment to retirement marked by uncertainty and anxiety.