bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coordinative Europeanization and Russia’s war of aggression: how crises shape Europeanization dynamics in EU foreign policy
Authors: Juncos Ana E. , Lovato Marianna , Pomorska Karolina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe European Union’s response to Russia’s war of aggression has run contrary to expectations of EU foreign policy inaction and incoherence as well as warnings of de-Europeanization and renationalization of foreign policy. Drawing on the concept of coordinative Europeanization, we argue that the response to the war has allowed for a more horizontal, cooperative decision-making process involving both member states and EU institutions, as well as a reversal of traditionally Western European-centric dynamics of horizontal Europeanization. With the aim of investigating these changes further, this paper relies on the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine as a case study to explore how crises shape Europeanization dynamics in EU foreign and security policy. Relying on primary and secondary sources as well as interviews with EU and national officials, we show how the coordinative Europeanization we have witnessed since the start of the war can be attributed to the characteristics of the crisis itself. In so doing, the paper contributes to the literature on Europeanization of foreign policy as well as to studies focusing on the effect of crises on the process of European integration.
甘青語言區域漢語副動詞附綴「是」
Authors: Shao Mingyuan , Lin Xuna 
Published: July 2024

抽象的
副動詞作為甘青語言區域的重要特徵之一，廣泛分佈在甘青漢語中。雖然學者對它的語義、形態和句法特徵進行了描寫，以及確認此現象並非漢語內部創新，乃經由接觸而來，但對它的語法性質卻定性不準，且未描寫它在限定性、指稱轉換和預指照應等方面的特徵。本文以副動詞「是」為例，基於類型學視角，探討它的形態句法特徵，並詳細考察它的語法化過程，認為它兼有接觸引發的語法演變中「語法借用」和「語法複製」兩種類型特質。本文否定副動詞「是」的藏語拷貝說，而支持它來自阿勒泰類型語言。在區域特徵推移上，副動詞和連動結構在亞洲大陸上呈現明顯的地理互補分佈格局。
Atomic thermal fluctuation reduction method for robust local lattice structure identification in finite-temperature molecular dynamics
Authors: Hirano Atsuo , Tsunemoto Yosuke , Takahashi Akiyuki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Classical molecular dynamics (MD) is extensively employed to explore the properties, deformations, and fractures of materials at the atomic scale. Identifying local structures is crucial for understanding the mechanisms behind material deformation and fracture. Nevertheless, analyzing the local lattice structure at high temperatures poses challenges due to atomic thermal fluctuations, which act as noise and potentially lead to misjudgment of the local lattice structure. To date, various strategies have been implemented to circumvent this issue. However, they cannot be a solution because it is unable to reproduce phenomena unique to high temperatures, whereas others require significant computational resources. This paper introduces an innovative method to reduce atomic thermal fluctuations using a straightforward algorithm, thereby facilitating accurate identification of local lattice structures even at high temperatures. Our approach incorporates novel degrees of freedom, termed ‘Markers,’ that are linked to atoms. By reducing the thermal fluctuation of these Markers, precise analysis of the local lattice structure becomes feasible. The efficacy of this method is validated through its thermal reducibility and Markers trackabilities to atoms. Utilizing common neighbor analysis, the error rate for structure identification with our method is nearly 0% at temperatures up to 1200 K in Fe, in contrast to approximately 5% without it. Furthermore, the average distance between atoms and Markers remains below 0.1 Å. Applying our method to phase transformations, we successfully observed the transition from face-centered cubic to body-centered cubic structure in Fe at 1200 K. This method holds promise for expanding the capabilities of MD simulations at high temperatures.
Hawking for everyone: commemorating half a century of an unfinished scientific revolution
Authors: Pinochet Jorge 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This year marks half a century since Stephen Hawking made his greatest scientific discovery by theoretically proving that ‘black holes ain’t so black’, as they behave like hot bodies with an absolute temperature that depends inversely on their mass. This discovery is expressed by a simple and elegant equation known as the Hawking temperature. The best way to commemorate this great scientific event is by bringing it to a wide audience. The simplest and most transparent and intuitive tool to achieve this goal is dimensional analysis. The objective of this work is to use this tool to derive the Hawking equation, reveal its meaning, and explore its main physical consequences.
Temperature gradient for improving the output non-linearity in shape memory alloy actuators
Authors: Osorio Salazar Andres , Sugahara Yusuke 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The non-linearity of shape memory alloy’s (SMA) input vs. output relationship has been a significant barrier to their broader application for actuators. In this article, we introduce a novel activation approach with the objective of improving the output nonlinearity in SMA actuators by using a liquid temperature gradient for activation. This gradient, with a narrow inflection point, selectively activates and deactivates different portions of the SMA, allowing control of the overall actuator’s output by adjusting the inflection point’s position. Two prototypes with the proposed concept were constructed and tested for force and displacement output. Their inner shape design facilitates the creation of a temperature gradient, whose inflection point is adjusted by varying the mix ratio of the inlet of hot and cold water. The performance of the prototypes was evaluated, including their ability to generate a temperature gradient, output linearity, activation dead time and time constant, and compatibility with a linear controller. The output linearity, activation dead time, and time constant were also compared with traditional wet activation. Our findings suggest that this technique significantly enhances the performance and predictability of SMA-based actuators and is compatible with PID controllers without additional feedforward or modeling techniques, offering a practical solution to a long-standing challenge in the field.
Adsorption performance and its mechanism of uranium using rod-like hydroxyapatite by one-step hydrothermal method
Authors: Li Longxiang , Zhou Zhongkui , Wang Guanghui , Guo Yadan , Zhang Yishuo , Xin Yan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Rod-like Hydroxyapatite (HAP) was synthesized using a one-step hydrothermal method. The successful synthesis of HAP has been confirmed based on the results of XRD and EDS. TEM images show that the HAP synthesized through the one-step hydrothermal method exhibits a rod-like morphology with good dispersion and minimal stacking. There was no significant aggregation observed and the diameter is about 25 nm. Both single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were conducted to determine the optimal conditions for adsorbing uranium from wastewater with an initial concentration of 10 mg·l−1. The optimized parameters included a pH of 5.0, a HAP dosage of m = 0.01 g, a reaction time of t = 30 min, a temperature at room temperature, and an agitation speed of R = 120 r·min−1. Under these conditions, the uranium removal efficiency exceeded 98%. The impact of anions and cations in the solution on uranium adsorption by HAP was investigated, revealing that cations with higher valence and anions with higher charge density had a more pronounced effect on the adsorption process. The fitting results obtained using adsorption isotherm and kinetic models indicated that the primary mechanism of uranium adsorption was surface monolayer chemical adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption of uranium onto HAP was a spontaneous, endothermic process driven by entropy. Characterization results from EDS, XRD, FTIR, and XPS techniques indicated that the mechanism of uranium adsorption by HAP involved electrostatic adsorption, dissolution–precipitation, and ion exchange processes.
Quantum fluctuation in the segregation phase of two-component weakly interacting Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Ng Dung L , Th Lam L , Tien L V , Song P Th 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Our investigation focuses on the condensate density, excited and condensed fractions of bosons in a mixture of two-component segregated weakly interacting Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) at zero temperature based on the Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) and Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis (CJT) theories. We find that the repulsive interaction among interspecies of bosons is the origin of the local behavior and the decline of quantum fluctuation. These features are disparate to the single BEC or miscible BECs. The numerical evaluation of the condensed fraction is provided to support the experimental observation.
First-principles study of metal Li adsorption on RE-MoSe2 surface
Authors: Yuan Yue , Shen Tao , Feng Yue , Liu Chi , Liu Xin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the modification of the intrinsic MoSe2 using rare earth (RE) elements and investigates its structure, adsorption energy, magnetic properties and work function. Modification studies show that all doping models exhibit metallic properties and all introduce varying degrees of magnetism. In order to investigate the effect of modification means on the adsorption effect, the adsorption of Li on RE-MoSe2 at different sites was investigated by using first-principles density functional theory. It is found that although the doping of La element produces the strongest magnetism. However, its magnetism is significantly weakened or even disappears when Li is adsorbed on the Mo top site of the La-MoSe2 system. The adsorption energy of Li for the La-MoSe2 system is the opposite of what was concluded for the Ce-MoSe2 and Eu-MoSe2 systems. The adsorption stability of the Se top site of the La-MoSe2 system is the poorest, whereas it is the strongest in the other two systems. Research has shown that RE-MoSe2 could be a potential candidate for Li-absorbing materials.
High-temperature erosion behavior of Al2O3 reinforced Inconel625 high velocity oxy-fuel sprayed and direct-aged composite coatings
Authors: Prashar Gaurav , Vasudev Hitesh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this study, Inconel625+30%Al2O3 (IN30AL) blended powders were sprayed on a commercially used boiler steel ASTM SA210 GrA1 using high-velocity oxy-fuel approach (HVOF). The microstructure, mechanical properties and elevated temperature erosion behavior of post-processed coatings and as-sprayed IN30ALcoatings were investigated. The elevated temperature erosion studies on IN30AL coatings both as-sprayed and post-processed were investigated at 900 °C temperature at two impact angles 30° and 90° using standard high temperature erosion test rig. Phase composition, interface of substrate/coating, and morphologies of eroded coatings were examined using x-ray diffraction, x-ray maps, scanning electron microscope, & energy dispersive spectrometer techniques. Compared with the as-sprayed IN30AL coatings, the heat-treated coatings have refined microstructure, better mechanical properties which improve the elevated temperature erosion resistance of IN30ALcoatings.
Dynamical distribution of continuous service time model involving non-Maxwellian collision kernel and value functions
Authors: Zhao 赵 Minfang 敏芳 , Kong 孔 Lingting 令婷 , Liu 刘 Miao 淼 , Lai 赖 Shaoyong 绍永 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The distribution of continuous service time in call centers is investigated. A non-Maxwellian collision kernel combining two different value functions in the interaction rule are used to describe the evolution of continuous service time, respectively. Using the statistical mechanical and asymptotic limit methods, Fokker–Planck equations are derived from the corresponding Boltzmann-type equations with non-Maxwellian collision kernels. The steady-state solutions of the Fokker–Planck equation are obtained in exact form. Numerical experiments are provided to support our results under different parameters.
The Backscatter Gating method for time, energy, and position resolution characterization of long form factor organic scintillators
Authors: Ratliff Hunter N. , Kögler Toni , Pausch Guntram , Setterdahl Lena M. , Skjerdal Kyrre , Turko Joseph A. , Meric Ilker 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This work details a Compton-scattering-based methodology, referred to as Backscatter Gating (BSG), for characterizing the time, energy, and position resolutions of long form factor organic scintillators using a single, fairly minimal measurement setup. Such a method can ease the experimental burden in scenarios where many such scintillator elements may need to be individually characterized before assembly into a larger detector system. A thorough theoretical exploration of the systematic parameters is provided, and the BSG method is then demonstrated by a series of experimental measurements. This “complete” characterization via the BSG method is novel, having previously been used primarily for energy resolution characterization. The method also allows for determination of the assembled scintillator's technical attenuation length and provides a means of verifying the presence or absence of flaws within the scintillator or its optical coupling.
Rising above the noise: the influence of population dynamics on the evolution of acoustic signaling
Authors: Suswaram Megha , Bhat Uttam , Yeakel Justin D 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Acoustic signaling is employed by many sexually reproducing species to select for mates and enhance fitness. However, signaling in dense populations can create an auditory background, or chorus, which may interfere with a signal receiver’s phonotactic selectivity, or the ability to distinguish individual signals. Feedback between the strength of an individual’s signal, phonotactic selectivity, and population size, may interact in complex ways to impact the evolution of signaling within a population, potentially leading to the emergence of silence. Here we formulate a general model that captures the dynamic feedback between individual acoustic signalers, phonotactic selectivity, and the population-level chorus to explore the eco-evolutionary dynamics of an acoustic trait within a population. We find that population dynamics have a significant influence on the evolutionary dynamics of the signaling trait, and that very sharp transitions separate conspicuous from silent populations. Our framework also reveals that increased phonotactic selectivity promotes the stability of signaling populations, and that transitions from signaling to silence are prone to hysteresis. We suggest that understanding the relationship between factors influencing population size, such as environmental productivity, as well as factors influencing phonotactic selectivity, such as anthropogenic noise, are central to understanding the complex mosaic of acoustically signaling and silent populations.
Community-engaged flood mitigation and ecological restoration on a university campus
Authors: Samuels Brendon , Cull Tom , Smeltzer Sandra 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Urban flooding is a major climate change risk that can be mitigated with green infrastructure such as tree plantings and restored naturalised buffers along watercourses. The creation and maintenance of green infrastructure projects for climate change adaptation provides opportunities for community partnerships and programming with co-benefits for human well-being and biodiversity. Here we present findings of action research on flood mitigation and education that was implemented on an urban higher education institution’s campus in partnerships within the university and with local Indigenous peoples, the regional conservation authority, the municipal government, and the public library. Through participatory workshops, we applied bioengineering and mixed planting methods to restore a creek bank. Using a combination of oral storytelling, digital media, and visual art that integrated perspectives across disciplines and knowledge systems, we situated our creek restoration project within a framework of environmental justice, emphasising specific acts of stewardship to improve watershed health and advance reconciliation. We produced digital resources and outreach materials to disseminate lessons from the project into the community and to support similar flood mitigation efforts at local and global scales. Our project demonstrates how incorporating partnerships into the design and implementation of nature-based solutions can build cross-cultural ecological knowledge, forge important on- and off-campus relationships, and create place-based opportunities for students to take direct and measurable action on climate change.
Natural Resource Contracts and Net Zero
Authors: Talus Kim , Hasan Qaraman M , Olawuyi Damilola S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The chapter argues that the regulatory regime in general, and natural resources contracts in particular, require a radical shift to be aligned with net zero objectives. With increasing demand for transition minerals, contractual clauses and provisions, such as stabilization and dispute resolution clauses in preexisting long-term resource contracts, may constrain or even freeze states’ sovereign rights and abilities to advance net zero. On the other hand, failure to address new and emerging environment, social, and governance risks associated with the rush for transition minerals may result in complex disputes and conflicts. There is an urgent need to move towards more net zero and climate-aligned natural resource contracts that accommodate new realities. Legal and institutional barriers facing resource-rich countries in adapting existing contract forms to accommodate new realities in a net zero era are examined, while the need for increased international solidarity, through capacity development, is highlighted.
Hydrogen and the Net Zero Transition
Authors: van den Berg Hugo Meyer 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen has the potential to become a primary energy source for transportation and heat generation. It can also be used for sustainable and long-term energy storage and transport and could offer an attractive solution to address energy insecurity concerns during the net zero transition, mainly if hydrogen can be produced pollution-free. Notwithstanding the promises of green hydrogen, the introduction thereof in a country’s energy mix, especially in countries with no specific regulatory frameworks on hydrogen production, poses various challenges. In addition to meeting capital requirements, since most existing regulatory frameworks do not expressly envisage green hydrogen production, introducing green hydrogen projects in many countries will require substantial and apposite policy measures to accommodate hydrogen production. This chapter examines the role that hydrogen can play in achieving net zero. It then discusses the legal barriers to introducing green hydrogen in the energy mix before discussing the policy considerations that may guide in addressing these barriers.
Temporal dynamics of depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in the oldest old: dynamic time warp analysis of the Leiden 85-plus study
Authors: van der Slot Abe J C , Bertens Anne Suzanne , Trompet Stella , Mooijaart Simon P , Gussekloo Jacobijn , van den Bos Frederiek , Giltay Erik J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The prevalence of depressive symptoms and cognitive decline increases with age. We investigated their temporal dynamics in individuals aged 85 and older across a 5-year follow-up period.

Methods
Participants were selected from the Leiden 85-plus study and were eligible if at least three follow-up measurements were available (325 of 599 participants). Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and at yearly assessments during a follow-up period of up to 5 years, using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). Cognitive decline was measured through various tests, including the Mini Mental State Exam, Stroop test, Letter Digit Coding test and immediate and delayed recall. A novel method, dynamic time warping analysis, was employed to model their temporal dynamics within individuals, in undirected and directed time-lag analyses, to ascertain whether depressive symptoms precede cognitive decline in group-level aggregated results or vice versa.

Results
The 325 participants were all 85 years of age at baseline; 68% were female, and 45% received intermediate to higher education. Depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning significantly covaried in time, and directed analyses showed that depressive symptoms preceded most of the constituents of cognitive impairment in the oldest old. Of the GDS-15 symptoms, those with the strongest outstrength, indicating changes in these symptoms preceded subsequent changes in other symptoms, were worthlessness, hopelessness, low happiness, dropping activities/interests, and low satisfaction with life (all P’s &lt; 0.01).

Conclusion
Depressive symptoms preceded cognitive impairment in a population based sample of the oldest old.
MiPRIME: an integrated and intelligent platform for mining primer and probe sequences of microbial species
Authors: Zhang Zhiming , Ren Jing , Ren Lili , Zhang Lanying , Ai Qubo , Long Haixin , Ren Yi , Yang Kun , Feng Huiying , Li Sabrina , Li Xu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Accurately detecting pathogenic microorganisms requires effective primers and probe designs. Literature-derived primers are a valuable resource as they have been tested and proven effective in previous research. However, manually mining primers from published texts is time-consuming and limited in species scop.

Results
To address these challenges, we have developed MiPRIME, a real-time Microbial Primer Mining platform for primer/probe sequences extraction of pathogenic microorganisms with three highlights: (i) comprehensive integration. Covering &gt;40 million articles and 548 942 organisms, the platform enables high-frequency microbial gene discovery from a global perspective, facilitating user-defined primer design and advancing microbial research. (ii) Using a BioBERT-based text mining model with 98.02% accuracy, greatly reducing information processing time. (iii) Using a primer ranking score, PRscore, for intelligent recommendation of species-specific primers. Overall, MiPRIME is a practical tool for primer mining in the pan-microbial field, saving time and cost of trial-and-error experiments.

Availability and implementation
The web is available at {{https://www.ai-bt.com}}.