bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refuges and Self-Help
Authors: Clifton Jenny 
Published: May 2015

Jenny Clifton's paper begins by pointing out that refuges are not only providing a useful service, a place of sanctuary for battered women, but are also a practical expression of the women's movement. The internal organization of refuges reflects the ideology of Women's Aid, notably the principles of self-help and democratic decision-making, and the paper asks if these principles are compatible with the practical requirements of running a refuge. Questions are raised about the most appropriate roles for paid refuge workers and support groups given the ideological commitment to self-help and democratic control. Workers in a particular group of refuges performed four main roles: liaison and negotiation with outside funding agencies; helping the women with complex legal, housing and welfare matters; general emotional and practical support of the women; work with children. It is clear that some of the women wanted workers to assume a more directive approach, but this was pressure which workers felt bound to resist in the interests of encouraging self-help. Self-help was very much more than an empty ideal. Five distinct areas of self-help could be identified and the principle worked in the sense that the women did become more self-reliant and confident. The refuges also managed to interest some women in the broader concerns of the women's movement and to help them towards a broader conception of the roots of marital violence.
The Burden of Dependency
Authors: Homer Marjorie , Leonard Anne , Taylor Pat 
Published: May 2015

The control of financial resources is an important indicator of the distribution of power within families. This may be particularly significant when economic power is accompanied by physical violence. This paper considers economic dependency among a group of women using a refuge. It examines family income levels, the control and distribution of this money and of responsibility for paying bills, together with evidence on living standards. Using 140 per cent of the supplementary benefit standard as a poverty line, it was found that 63 per cent of the families lived in poverty. Much more significant, however, were the patterns of control of resources. Five allocation systems were identified, but the overall picture which emerged was that overwhelmingly it was men who controlled family finances. Women were kept chronically short of money, and some even had to hand over their child benefits. The women therefore suffered severe deprivation and had to go without basic household items and sometimes food. Control of the purse was even more complete when husbands were unemployed. The long-term solution requires a change in public and personal attitudes which must include giving women more equal access to economic and social resources in their own right.
Personal Relationships: Help and Hindrance
Authors: Homer Marjorie , Leonard Anne , Taylor Pat 
Published: May 2015

This paper shows the extent to which the lives of battered women are controlled by their violent partners. Women are prevented by physical means or threats from seeking help from, or even having any contact with, family, friends and neighbours. Isolation is a prominent feature of their lives. Many men fail to recognize that there is a problem and they behave aggressively towards health visitors, social workers or anyone else who comes round to the home. Nevertheless, there is evidence to suggest that when battered women begin to seek help they turn first to family, friends and neighbours, and the main purpose of this paper is to examine these informal sources of assistance. An important consideration was that 25 per cent of the women had no accessible parents, but there were other constraints which reduced the degree to which women turned to relatives and friends for help. These included feelings of shame, ideas about privacy and the need for independence, the need to protect family members, friends and neighbours from the man's violent behaviour and the unwillingness of some of those approached to become involved. Women who overcame these constraints spoke warmly of the support they received.
Systematic review of physical activity and exercise interventions on body mass indices, subsequent physical activity and psychological symptoms in overweight and obese adolescents
Authors: Ruotsalainen Heidi , Kyngäs Helvi , Tammelin Tuija , Kääriäinen Maria 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimsTo examine the effects of physical activity and exercise interventions on body mass index, subsequent physical activity and psychological symptoms for overweight and obese adolescents (12‐18 years).BackgroundOverweight and obesity have increased among adolescents globally and physical activity has decreased. Healthcare systems face challenges promoting physical activity and in treating obesity. Promotion of physical activity must be effective and school nurses should be equipped with the information and resources required to implement counselling for overweight and obese adolescents.DesignA systematic review of randomized controlled trials was conducted according to procedures by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination and the Joanna Briggs Institute.Data sourcesResearch studies published between 1950–2013 were identified from the following databases. CINAHL, MEDLINE (Ovid) and PsycINFO.Review methodsSelected studies were reviewed for quality and a risk‐of‐bias assessment was conducted for the included studies. A narrative synthesis was used to report results, while a fixed‐effect meta‐analysis was used to analyse the interventions effects on physical activity and body mass index.ResultsFourteen published studies were included to this review. Supervised exercise interventions most affected adolescents' body mass index. The interventions effect on adolescents' physical activity was small and heterogeneous. Two interventions positively affected psychological symptoms.ConclusionInterventions were complex, with more than one component and the aspect that effectively promotes physical activity in obese adolescents was not clear. However, it seems that exercise interventions affect the body mass index of overweight or obese adolescents. Interventions that include a component for promoting physical activity with or without supervised exercise can affect subsequent physical activity and body mass index.
Cavotricuspid‐Dependent Atrial Flutter in Patients With Prior Atriotomy: 12‐Lead ECG Interpretation and Electroanatomical Characteristics
Authors: MA WEI , LU FENGMIN , WU DONGYAN , CHEN BINGWEI , CONG HONGLIANG , LIEW REGINALD , XU JING 
Published: May 2015

Cavotricuspid‐Dependent Atrial Flutter in Patients With Prior AtriotomyBackgroundThe aim of this study was to describe the electrocardiogram (ECG) morphology and electroanatomical characteristics of counterclockwise tricuspid annular atrial flutter (CCWTA‐AFL) in the patients with prior atriotomy.Methods and ResultsThis retrospective study included 34 patients with CCWTA‐AFL after cardiac surgery and 20 patients with typical CCWTA‐AFL without prior surgery. For patients in the postsurgical group, 19 had single‐loop CCWTA‐AFL and 15 had a double loop CCWTA‐AFL. For single loop CCWTA‐AFL the F‐wave in lead I was very flat in l7 of 19 patients. The F‐wave morphology in the inferior leads and V1 were found to be similar to typical AFL in 14 of 19 patients. For double loop CCWTA‐AFL, F‐waves were positive in lead I in 13 out of 15 patients. A long isoelectric activation was measured between F‐waves in most of the patients. The presence of isoelectric segments between F‐waves suggested a double loop AFL, which had a sensitivity of 86.7% and a specificity of 100%. Moreover, flat F‐waves in lead I suggested a single loop AFL, which had a sensitivity of 89.5% and specificity of 86.7%. All patients in the group without prior cardiac surgery had typical ECGs features of CCWTA‐AFL. None of the patients showed isoelectric segments between F‐waves in the inferior leads. The amplitudes of most of the leads were higher than those for single loop CCWTA‐AFL in patients with prior surgery.
What are the primary influences on treatment decisions? How does this reflect on evidence‐based practice? Indications from the discipline of speech and language therapy
Authors: McCurtin Arlene , Clifford Amanda M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesFour pillars of evidence underpin evidence‐based behavioural practice: research evidence, practice evidence, patient evidence and contextual evidence. However, it is unknown which of these pillars or other factors are used by clinicians such as speech and language therapists (SLTS) when making treatment choices. The aim of this study was to identify the factors underpinning SLTs' treatment decisions and contextualize findings in terms of evidence‐based practice (EBP).MethodsEthical approval was obtained for the electronic questionnaire‐based study. A questionnaire was designed, piloted and then sent via gatekeepers to SLTs to ascertain agreement with a range of statements potentially underpinning treatment choices.ResultsA total of 249 respondents completed the survey. The respondents defined themselves as dynamic and pragmatic practitioners with an appreciation for the four pillars of EBP. Using factor analysis, treatment decisions were found to rely primarily on practice evidence and pragmatic considerations. Qualifications, clinical experience and the patient group an SLT works with further influenced attitudes and treatment decisions. Those with additional qualifications and experience were identified as more autonomous, more scientific in their treatment choices and less influenced by patient preferences.ConclusionFactors influencing decision making did not clearly align with the four pillars of EBP, the principal influences being practice evidence and pragmatic constraints. The findings of this study have implications for understanding why specific treatment choices are made. Attempts to improve practice should focus on a range of evidence sources and take into account clinician's specific needs depending on career stage, post‐qualification status and patient group factors of their practice.
Case study results from southeast Houston, Texas: identifying the impacts of residential location on flood risk and loss
Authors: Brody S.D. , Sebastian A. , Blessing R. , Bedient P.B. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDespite the increasing economic losses from floods in coastal communities, little observational research has been done at a fine spatial scale to identify the relative influence of residential location in predicting adverse economic impacts. In response, this study conducts a parcel‐level analysis of flood losses to identify the influence of specific location‐based variables on property damage from multiple flood events. We statistically isolate the effect of multiple location‐based characteristics on insured flood claims associated with two major coastal storms for over 7813 properties within the Clear Creek watershed southeast of Houston, Texas. Results indicate that location‐based variables are among the strongest predictors for both, where seemingly subtle shifts in location add up to large dollar losses from flooding. These findings provide an increased understanding of the role of physical location within a flood‐vulnerable region and how residential choice can be a major factor in exacerbating actual property loss.
Allosteric modulation of sigma‐1 receptors by SKF83959 inhibits microglia‐mediated inflammation
Authors: Wu Zhuang , Li Linlang , Zheng Long‐Tai , Xu Zhihong , Guo Lin , Zhen Xuechu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecent studies have shown that sigma‐1 receptor orthodox agonists can inhibit neuroinflammation. SKF83959 (3‐methyl‐6‐chloro‐7,8‐hydroxy‐1‐[3‐methylphenyl]‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐3‐benzazepine), an atypical dopamine receptor‐1 agonist, has been recently identified as a potent allosteric modulator of sigma‐1 receptor. Here, we investigated the anti‐inflammatory effects of SKF83959 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐stimulated BV2 microglia. Our results indicated that SKF83959 significantly suppressed the expression/release of the pro‐inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species. All of these responses were blocked by selective sigma‐1 receptor antagonists (BD1047 or BD1063) and by ketoconazole (an inhibitor of enzyme cytochrome c17 to inhibit the synthesis of endogenous dehydroepiandrosterone, DHEA). Additionally, we found that SKF83959 promoted the binding activity of DHEA with sigma‐1 receptors, and enhanced the inhibitory effects of DHEA on LPS‐induced microglia activation in a synergic manner. Furthermore, in a microglia‐conditioned media system, SKF83959 inhibited the cytotoxicity of conditioned medium generated by LPS‐activated microglia toward HT‐22 neuroblastoma cells. Taken together, our study provides the first evidence that allosteric modulation of sigma‐1 receptors by SKF83959 inhibits microglia‐mediated inflammation.
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SKF83959 is a potent allosteric modulator of sigma‐1 receptor. Our results indicated that SKF83959 enhanced the activity of endogenous dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in a synergic manner, and inhibited the activation of BV2 microglia and the expression/release of the pro‐inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).
Neural Correlates of Biased Responses: The Negative Method Effect in the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale Is Associated with Right Amygdala Volume
Authors: Wang Yinan , Kong Feng , Huang Lijie , Liu Jia 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSelf‐esteem is a widely studied construct in psychology that is typically measured by the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES). However, a series of cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies have suggested that a simple and widely used unidimensional factor model does not provide an adequate explanation of RSES responses due to method effects. To identify the neural correlates of the method effect, we sought to determine whether and how method effects were associated with the RSES and investigate the neural basis of these effects. Two hundred and eighty Chinese college students (130 males; mean age = 22.64 years) completed the RSES and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Behaviorally, method effects were linked to both positively and negatively worded items in the RSES. Neurally, the right amygdala volume negatively correlated with the negative method factor, while the hippocampal volume positively correlated with the general self‐esteem factor in the RSES. The neural dissociation between the general self‐esteem factor and negative method factor suggests that there are different neural mechanisms underlying them. The amygdala is involved in modulating negative affectivity; therefore, the current study sheds light on the nature of method effects that are related to self‐report with a mix of positively and negatively worded items.
Distribution‐Utilization Interactions: A Race‐to‐the‐Bottom Among Oecd Countries
Authors: Rada Codrina , Kiefer David 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe explore four decades of short‐ and long‐run interactions between income distribution and real economic activity for a panel of OECD countries. Our regressions suggest that the dynamic interaction of these two variables is rather complicated. Estimating the long‐run point, we argue that this equilibrium has been shifting as a matter of public policy. We hypothesize that a race‐to‐the‐bottom arises from a need to be competitive in globalized markets. We report evidence that globalization does have a negative long‐run effect on the wage share. We also find that other factors may have been important: unionization appears to be pro‐wage share, while contractionary monetary policy, financialization, and a lower relative price of investment goods tend to be anti‐wage share.
A Natural‐Language‐Based Approach to Intelligent Data Retrieval and Representation for Cloud BIM
Authors: Lin Jia‐Rui , Hu Zhen‐Zhong , Zhang Jian‐Ping , Yu Fang‐Qiang 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAs the information from diverse disciplines continues to integrate during the whole life cycle of an Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) project, the BIM (Building Information Model/Modeling) becomes increasingly large. This condition will cause users difficulty in acquiring the information they truly desire on a mobile device with limited space for interaction. The situation will be even worse for personnel without extensive knowledge of Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) or for nonexperts of the BIM software. To improve the value of the big data of BIM, an approach to intelligent data retrieval and representation for cloud BIM applications based on natural language processing was proposed. First, strategies for data storage and query acceleration based on the popular cloud‐based database were explored to handle the large amount of BIM data. Then, the concepts “keyword” and “constraint” were proposed to capture the key objects and their specifications in a natural‐language‐based sentence that expresses the requirements of the user. Keywords and constraints can be mapped to IFC entities or properties through the International Framework for Dictionaries (IFD). The relationship between the user's requirement and the IFC‐based data model was established by path finding in a graph generated from the IFC schema, enabling data retrieval and analysis. Finally, the analyzed and summarized results of BIM data were represented based on the structure of the retrieved data. A prototype application was developed to validate the proposed approach on the data collected during the construction of the terminal of Kunming Airport, the largest single building in China. The case study illustrated the following: (1) relationships between the user requirements and the data users concerned are established, (2) user‐concerned data can be automatically retrieved and aggregated based on the cloud for BIM, and (3) the data are represented in a proper form for a visual view and a comprehensive report. With this approach, users can significantly benefit from requesting for information and the value of BIM will be enhanced.
Banana fruit NAC transcription factor MaNAC5 cooperates with MaWRKYs to enhance the expression of pathogenesis‐related genes against Colletotrichum musae
Authors: Shan Wei , Chen Jian‐ye , Kuang Jian‐fei , Lu Wang‐jin 
Published: May 2015

SummaryPlants respond to pathogen attack by the modulation of a large set of genes, which are regulated by different types of transcription factor (TF). NAC (NAM/ATAF/CUC) and WRKY are plant‐specific families of TFs, and have received much attention as transcriptional regulators in plant pathogen defence. However, the cooperation between NAC and WRKY TFs in the disease response remains largely unknown. Our previous study has revealed that two banana fruit WRKY TFs, MaWRKY1 and MaWRKY2, are involved in salicylic acid (SA)‐ and methyl jasmonate (MeJA)‐induced resistance against Colletotrichum musae via binding to promoters of pathogenesis‐related (PR) genes. Here, we found that MaNAC1, MaNAC2 and MaNAC5 were up‐regulated after C. musae infection, and were also significantly enhanced by SA and MeJA treatment. Protein–protein interaction analysis showed that MaNAC5 physically interacted with MaWRKY1 and MaWRKY2. More importantly, dual‐luciferase reporter (DLR) assay revealed that MaNAC5, MaWRKY1 and MaWRKY2 were transcriptional activators, and individually or cooperatively activated the transcriptional activities of MaPR1‐1, MaPR2, MaPR10c and MaCHIL1 genes. Collectively, our results indicate that MaNAC5 cooperates with MaWRKY1 and MaWRKY2 to regulate the expression of a specific set of PR genes in the disease response, and to contribute at least partially to SA‐ and MeJA‐induced pathogen resistance.
Antifungal drug resistance among Candida species: mechanisms and clinical impact
Authors: Sanguinetti Maurizio , Posteraro Brunella , Lass‐Flörl Cornelia 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThe epidemiology of Candida infections has changed in recent years. Although Candida albicans is still the main cause of invasive candidiasis in most clinical settings, a substantial proportion of patients is now infected with non‐albicans Candida species. The various Candida species vary in their susceptibility to the most commonly used antifungal agents, and the intrinsic resistance to antifungal therapy seen in some species, along with the development of acquired resistance during treatment in others, is becoming a major problem in the management of Candida infection. A better understanding of the mechanisms and clinical impact of antifungal drug resistance is essential for the efficient treatment of patients with Candida infection and for improving treatment outcomes. Herein, we report resistance to the azoles and echinocandins among Candida species.
Natural disasters and dialysis care in the Asia‐Pacific
Authors: Gray Nicholas A , Wolley Martin , Liew Adrian , Nakayama Masaaki 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe impact of natural disasters on the provision of dialysis services has received increased attention in the last decade following Hurricane Katrina devastating New Orleans in 2005. The Asia‐Pacific is particularly vulnerable to earthquakes, tsunami, typhoons (also known as cyclones and hurricanes) or storms and flooding. These events can seriously interrupt provision of haemodialysis with adverse effects for patients including missed dialysis, increased hospitalization and post‐traumatic stress disorder. Furthermore, haemodialysis patients may need to relocate and experience prolonged periods of displacement from family and social supports. In contrast to haemodialysis, most literature suggests peritoneal dialysis in a disaster situation is more easily managed and supported. It has become apparent that dialysis units and patients should be prepared for a disaster event and that appropriate planning will result in reduced confusion and adverse outcomes should a disaster occur. Numerous resources are now available to guide dialysis units, patients and staff in preparation for a possible disaster. This article will examine the disaster experiences of dialysis units in the Asia‐Pacific, the impact on patients and staff, methods employed to manage during the disaster and suggested plans for reducing the impact of future disasters.