bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversal of Multidrug Resistance in Gastric Cancer Cells by E2F‐1 Downregulation In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Yan Lin‐Hai , Wang Xiao‐Tong , Yang Jie , Kong Fan‐Biao , Lian Chao , Wei Wei‐Yuan , Luo Wen , Xie Yu‐Bo , Xiao Qiang 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTTranscription Factor E2F‐1 plays a critical role in cell cycle regulation and other biological processes in cells. However whether or not it is involved in the multi‐drug resistance (MDR) process of gastric cancer has not been fully elucidated yet. To explore the role of E2F‐1 in the MDR process of gastric cancer in vitro and in vivo, a cisplatin‐resistant gastric cancer cell line with stable downregulation of E2F‐1 was established. E2F‐1 shRNA led to downregulation of endogenous E2F‐1 mRNA and protein. It significantly promoted the sensitivity of SGC7901/DDP cells to cisplatin, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil. Flow cytometry confirmed that the percentage of apoptotic cells increased after E2F‐1 downregulation. This notion was further supported by the observation that downregulation of E2F‐1 blocked entry into the S‐phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, downregulation of E2F‐1 significantly increased intracellular accumulation of doxorubicin. In addition, we determined the in vivo effects of E2F‐1 small interfering RNA (shRNA) on tumor size, and apoptotic cells in tumor tissues were detected by deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling and hematoxylin and eosin staining. In molecular studies, semiquantitative RT‐PCR and western blotting revealed that E2F‐1 downregulation could inhibit expression of MDR1, MRP, Bcl‐2/Bax, c‐Myc, Skp2, Survivin, and Cyclin D1. In conclusion: E2F‐1 may be involved in regulating multiple signaling pathways in reversing MDR, suggesting that E2F‐1 may represent a novel target for gastric cancer therapy. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 34–41, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
miR‐34c Enhances Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells Differentiation by Targeting Nanos2
Authors: Yu Meng , Mu Hailong , Niu Zhiwei , Chu Zhili , Zhu Haijing , Hua Jinlian 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTmiRNAs are expressed in many mammalian cells, acting specific roles in regulating gene expression or mediating special mRNAs cleavage by targeting their 3′‐untranslated region (3′UTR). Some miRNAs are essential and important for animal development. However, it is still unclear what the relationship is between miR‐34c and mammalian spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). We found that a conserved microRNA‐34c through its target‐Nanos2, regulating SSCs' differentiation in mouse. Immunohistochemistry analysis of Nanos2 and miR‐34c FISH results revealed the opposite expression trends between them. Seven bioinformatics websites and programs predicted that miR‐34c has interaction sites in Nanos2's 3′UTR. Dual‐luciferase reporter vector and mutated dual‐luciferase reporter vector analysis validated that they are interacted. After transfection miR‐34c mimics into mouse SSCs, or miR‐34c lentiviral vector in vitro co‐cultivation with seminiferous tubules, and Western blot analysis demonstrated that miR‐34c over‐expression could suppress Nanos2 expression in post‐transcription level. Our experiments identified that miR‐34c may promote meiosis process by interacting with Nanos2 leading up‐regulation of Stra8 in mouse spermatogonial stem cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 232–242, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A β1/2 Adrenergic Receptor‐Sensitive Intracellular Signaling Pathway Modulates CCL2 Production in Cultured Spinal Astrocytes
Authors: Morioka Norimitsu , Abe Hiromi , Araki Ryosuke , Matsumoto Naoki , Zhang Fan Fan , Nakamura Yoki , Hisaoka‐Nakashima Kazue , Nakata Yoshihiro 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe phosphorylation of c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and the subsequent production of C–C chemokine CCL2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein; MCP‐1) in spinal astrocytes contribute to the initiation of neurological disorders including chronic pain. Astrocytes express neurotransmitter receptors which could be targeted to ameliorate neurological disorders. In the current study, the involvement of the β‐adrenergic system in the regulation of JNK activity and CCL2 production after stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, one of many initiators of neuroinflammation, was elucidated. Treatment of cultured spinal astrocytes with isoproterenol (a β‐adrenergic receptor agonist; 1 µM) reduced both TNF‐α‐induced JNK1 phosphorylation, as observed by Western blotting, and the subsequent increase of both CCL2 mRNA expression and CCL2 production, which were measured by real time‐PCR and ELISA, respectively. The effects of isoproterenol were completely blocked by pretreatment with either propranolol (a β‐adrenoceptor antagonist) or H89 (a protein kinase A [PKA] inhibitor). The current study revealed that the regulation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β) activity is a crucial factor in the inhibitory action of isoproterenol. The TNF‐α‐induced JNK1 phosphorylation was significantly blocked by treatment with GSK‐3β inhibitors (either LiCl or TWS119), and stimulation of β‐adrenergic receptors induced the inhibition of GSK‐3β through the phosphorylation of Ser9. Moreover, treatment with isoproterenol markedly suppressed the TNF‐α‐induced increase of CCL2 mRNA expression and CCL2 production through a β‐adrenergic receptor‐PKA pathway mediated by GSK‐3β regulation. Thus, activation of β1/2 adrenergic receptors expressed in spinal astrocytes could be a novel method of moderating neurological disorders with endogenous catecholamines or selective agonists. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 323–332, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nitric Oxide Regulation of Na, K‐ATPase Activity in Ocular Ciliary Epithelium Involves Src Family Kinase
Authors: Shahidullah Mohammad , Mandal Amritlal , Wei Guojun , Delamere Nicholas A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is known to reduce aqueous humor (AH) secretion in the isolated porcine eye. Previously, SNP was found to inhibit Na,K‐ATPase activity in nonpigmented ciliary epithelium (NPE), AH‐secreting cells, through a cGMP/protein kinase G (PKG)‐mediated pathway. Here we show Src family kinase (SFK) activation in the Na,K‐ATPase activity response to SNP. Ouabain‐sensitive 86Rb uptake was reduced by >35% in cultured NPE cells exposed to SNP (100 µM) or exogenously added cGMP (8‐Br‐cGMP) (100 µM) and the SFK inhibitor PP2 (10 µM) prevented the response. Ouabain‐sensitive ATP hydrolysis was reduced by ∼40% in samples detected in material obtained from SNP‐ and 8‐Br‐cGMP‐treated cells following homogenization, pointing to an intrinsic change of Na,K‐ATPase activity. Tyrosine‐10 phosphorylation of Na,K‐ATPase α1 subunit was detected in SNP and L‐arginine‐treated cells and the response prevented by PP2. SNP elicited an increase in cell cGMP. Cells exposed to 8‐Br‐cGMP displayed SFK activation (phosphorylation) and inhibition of both ouabain‐sensitive 86Rb uptake and Na,K‐ATPase activity that was prevented by PP2. SFK activation, which also occurred in SNP‐treated cells, was suppressed by inhibitors of soluble guanylate cyclase (ODQ; 10 µM) and PKG (KT5823; 1 µM). SNP and 8‐Br‐cGMP also increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK and the response prevented by PP2. However, U0126 did not prevent SNP or 8‐Br‐cGMP‐induced inhibition of Na,K‐ATPase activity. Taken together, the results suggest that NO activates guanylate cyclase to cause a rise in cGMP and subsequent PKG‐dependent SFK activation. Inhibition of Na,K‐ATPase activity depends on SFK activation. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 343–352, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of Hippo Signaling in Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Hao Jin , Zhang Yueling , Jing Dian , Li Yu , Li Juan , Zhao Zhihe 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) have been proposed and evidenced as the initiator of tumor formation and the seeds of metastases. Thereby, the molecular mechanisms regarding modulation of CSCs have been widely explored, aimed to improve treatment for cancer patients. Recent progress has highlighted the effects of Hippo signaling in tumorigenesis and cancer development, including its crucial role in CSC regulation. Although the kernel Hippo signaling cascade has been well studied, its upstream inputs and downstream transcriptional regulation still remain elusive. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanism and regulatory function of Hippo signaling in CSCs, with emphasis on its possible roles in regulation of CSC self‐renewal, differentiation and tumorigenesis. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 266–270, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Advances in Androgen Receptor Targeted Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Ahmed Alia , Ali Shadan , Sarkar Fazlul H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer death in men. Current research findings suggest that the androgen receptor (AR) and its signaling pathway contribute significantly to the progression of metastatic PCa. The AR is a ligand activated transcription factor, where androgens such as testosterone (T) and dihydroxytestosterone (DHT) act as the activating ligands. However in many metastatic PCa, the AR functions promiscuously and is constitutively active through multiple mechanisms. Inhibition of enzymes that take part in androgen synthesis or synthesizing antiandrogens that can inhibit the AR are two popular methods of impeding the androgen receptor signaling axis; however, the inhibition of androgen‐independent activated AR function has not yet been fully exploited. This article focuses on the development of emerging novel agents that act at different steps along the androgen‐AR signaling pathway to help improve the poor prognosis of PCa patients. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 271–276, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of low levels of light at night upon the endocrine physiology of western scrub‐jays (Aphelocoma californica)
Authors: Schoech Stephan J. , Bowman Reed , Hahn Thomas P. , Goymann Wolfgang , Schwabl Ingrid , Bridge Eli S. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTFlorida scrub‐jays (Aphelocoma coerulescens) in the suburbs breed earlier than jays in native habitat. Amongst the possible factors that influence this advance (e.g., food availability, microclimate, predator regime, etc.), is exposure to artificial lights at night (LAN). LAN could stimulate the reproductive axis of the suburban jays. Alternatively, LAN could inhibit pineal melatonin (MEL), thus removing its inhibitory influence on the reproductive axis. Because Florida scrub‐jays are a threatened species, we used western scrub‐jays (Aphelocoma californica) to investigate the effects of LAN upon reproductive hormones and melatonin. Jays were held under conditions in which the dark‐phase of the light:dark cycle was without illumination and then under low levels of LAN. Under both conditions, birds were exposed first to short‐days (9.5L:14.5D) that were gradually increased to long‐days (14.5L:9.5D). At various times, blood samples were collected during the light part of the cycle to measure reproductive hormones (luteinizing hormone, LH; testosterone, T; and estradiol, E2). Similarly, samples to assess melatonin were collected during the dark. In males, LAN caused a depression in LH levels and levels were ∼4× greater under long‐ than short‐days. In females, there was no effect of LAN or photoperiod upon LH. LAN resulted in depressed T levels in females, although there was no effect on T in males. E2 levels in both sexes were lower under LAN than under an unlighted dark‐phase. Paradoxically, MEL was higher in jays under LAN, and under long‐days. MEL did not differ by sex. LAN disrupted the extraordinarily strong correlation between T and E2 that existed under unlighted nocturnal conditions. Overall, our findings fail to support the hypothesis that LAN stimulates the reproductive axis. Rather, the data demonstrate that LAN tends to inhibit reproductive hormone secretion, although not in a consistent fashion between the sexes. J. Exp. Zool. 319A: 527–538, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Caspase 3 in molluscan tissues: Localization and possible function
Authors: Motta Chiara M. , Frezza Vincenzo , Simoniello Palma 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe presence and localization of caspase 3, a master enzyme in apoptosis, have been analyzed in tissues of four species of Molluscs: the Bivalves Callista chione and Adamussium colbecki and the Gastropods Helix pomatia and Neobuccinum eatoni. Western blotting and immunocytochemical analyses show that a 32 kDa caspase 3 is present in guts, in gill lamellae and in digestive glands during digestion but not in heart tissue or in resting digestive glands. The enzyme is also found in gonads of both sexes but there are significant differences between Bivalves and Gastropods and between male and female germ cells, especially in late stages of differentiation. In particular, caspase 3 is abundant in Bivalves oocytes and in Gastropods spermatozoa but not in Gastropods oocytes; in Callista spermatozoa it appears only after sea water activation. TUNEL staining and PCNA immunolocalization, carried out on C. chione and H. pomatia tissues, suggest that caspase 3 is primarily associated with degenerative processes in gut, digestive gland and early stage germ cells while in gills, oocytes and mature spermatozoa it is primarily correlated with cell function and/or differentiation. J. Exp. Zool. 319A: 548–559, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oxygen and carbon stable isotopes in coast redwood tree rings respond to spring and summer climate signals
Authors: Johnstone James A. , Roden John S. , Dawson Todd E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractInterannual variability in the oxygen and carbon isotope composition of tree ring cellulose was investigated in coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) from three sites in coastal Northern California. Middle and late wood samples from annual tree rings were compared to regional climate indices and gridded ocean‐atmosphere fields for the years 1952–2003. The strongest climate‐isotope relationship (r = 0.72) was found with summer (June–September) daily maximum temperature and middle wood δ13, which also responds positively to coastal sea surface temperature and negatively to summer low cloud frequency. Late wood δ18O reflects a balance between 18O‐enriched summer fog drip and depleted summer rainwater, while a combined analysis of late wood δ18O and δ13C revealed sensitivity to the sign of summer precipitation anomalies. Empirical orthogonal function analysis of regional summer climate indices and coast redwood stable isotopes identified multivariate isotopic responses to summer fog and drought that correspond to atmospheric circulation anomalies over the NE Pacific and NW U.S. The presence of regional climate signals in coast redwood stable isotope composition, consistent with known mechanistic processes and prior studies, offers the potential for high‐resolution paleoclimate reconstructions of the California current system from this long‐lived tree species.
Identity Orientation, Organizational Identification, and Leadership Involvement
Authors: Gonzalez Jorge A. , Chakraborty Subhajit 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe present study relies on theories of authentic and relational leadership, as well as the identity orientation model, to study leadership involvement in volunteer organizations. We propose that self‐expression and social cohesion—the opportunity organizational membership provides people to express who they are and to develop social relationships—are related to organizational identification and leadership involvement. We posit that self‐expression and social cohesion satisfy personal and relational identification motives and increase organizational identification—a form of identification with a collective—which in turn affect leadership involvement. The hypotheses are tested using structural equations modeling using a sample of 210 professional association members, a nonwork sample that reduces the influence of extrinsic rewards on leadership involvement.
Understanding Leadership Through Leadership Understandings
Authors: Stuke Kurt B. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn 1992, Margaret Wheatley urged leadership scholars to search for “new ways of understanding” (Wheatley, 1992/2006, p. 160). The search, with some exception, has stalled. Leadership studies remains mired in a philosophical understanding grounded in positivism. Within the current paper, an exploration of how an understanding is informed by its core philosophical assumptions is presented. An alternative framing for understandings is explored through the reconstruction of these same core philosophical assumptions. The benefits of dwelling within the alternative framing are sketched.
Effects of heme oxygenase‐1 on bacterial antigen‐induced articular chondrocyte catabolism in vitro
Authors: Mawatari Taro , Nakamichi Ikuo , Suenaga Eiji , Maloney William J. , Smith Robert L. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis study tested the hypothesis that heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) expression counteracts bacterial antigen‐induced catabolic metabolism in human articular chondrocytes. HO‐1 expression was induced in chondrocytes by the iron‐containing porphoryin, hemin. Anti‐catabolic and anti‐apoptotic effects of HO‐1 expression were evaluated following bacterial antigen (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) activation of chondrocytes by quantification of cytokine and cartilage matrix protein expression. Effects of HO‐1 over‐expression on chondrocyte matrix metabolism were evaluated using plasmid‐driven protein synthesis. Hemin increased HO‐1 expression and LPS increased interleukin‐1beta and interleukin‐6 gene and protein expression in chondrocytes. Hemin‐induced HO‐1 decreased LPS‐induced interleukin‐1beta and interleukin‐6 gene and protein expression. Increased HO‐1 expression partially reversed LPS‐suppression of aggrecan and type II collagen gene expression and suppressed LPS‐induced gene expression of IL‐6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and IL‐1beta. HO‐1 induction was inversely correlated with LPS‐induced chondrocyte apoptosis. HO‐1 over‐expression in chondrocytes decreased matrix protein gene expression. With LPS activation, increased HO‐1 expression decreased chondrocyte catabolism, partially reversed LPS‐dependent inhibition of cartilage matrix protein expression and protected against apoptosis. Without LPS, hemin‐induced HO‐1 and plasmid‐based over‐expression of HO‐1 inhibited cartilage matrix gene expression. The results suggest that elevated HO‐1 expression in chondrocytes is protective of cartilage in inflamed joints but may otherwise suppress matrix turn over. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1943–1949, 2013
Median nerve deformation and displacement in the carpal tunnel during finger motion
Authors: Yoshii Yuichi , Ishii Tomoo , Tung Wen‐Lin , Sakai Shinsuke , Amadio Peter C. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to evaluate the correlations between deformation and displacement of median nerve and flexor tendons during finger motion in the carpal tunnel for both carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) patients and healthy controls. Sixty‐two wrists of 31 asymptomatic volunteers and fifty‐one wrists of 28 idiopathic CTS patients were evaluated by ultrasound. The displacement of the median nerve and the middle finger flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon, as well as area, perimeter, aspect ratio of a minimum enclosing rectangle, and circularity of the median nerve were measured in finger extension and flexion positions. Deformation indices were defined as the ratios of indices in finger extension and flexion positions. The correlations between displacement and deformation indices were evaluated. There were significant correlations between nerve palmar–dorsal displacement and deformation indices (p < 0.05). The aspect ratio deformation index showed the strongest correlation to palmar–dorsal displacement of the nerve (−0.572, p < 0.01). This study showed that there is a relationship between median nerve deformation indices and nerve palmar–dorsal displacement in the carpal tunnel. Since the highest correlations were between palmar–dorsal nerve displacement direction and aspect ratio deformation index, these parameters may be helpful to understand the pathophysiology of CTS. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1876–1880, 2013
Understanding the impact of crop and food production on the water environment—using sugar as a model
Authors: Hess Tim , Aldaya Maite , Fawell John , Franceschini Helen , Ober Eric , Schaub Ruediger , Schulze‐Aurich Jochen 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe availability of fresh water and the quality of aquatic ecosystems are important global concerns, and agriculture plays a major role. Consumers and manufacturers are increasingly sensitive to sustainability issues related to processed food products and drinks. The present study examines the production of sugar from the growing cycle through to processing to the factory gate, and identifies the potential impacts on water scarcity and quality and the ways in which the impact of water use can be minimised. We have reviewed the production phases and processing steps, and how calculations of water use can be complicated, or in some cases how assessments can be relatively straightforward. Finally, we outline several ways that growers and sugar processors are improving the efficiency of water use and reducing environmental impact, and where further advances can be made. This provides a template for the assessment of other crops. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Subwavelength grating Fourier‐transform interferometer array in silicon‐on‐insulator
Authors: Bock Przemek J. , Cheben Pavel , Velasco Aitor V. , Schmid Jens H. , Delâge André , Florjańczyk Mirosław , Lapointe Jean , Xu Dan‐Xia , Vachon Martin , Janz Siegfried , Calvo María L. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA planar waveguide Fourier‐transform spectrometer with densely arrayed Mach‐Zehnder interferometers is demonstrated. Subwavelength gratings are used to produce an optical path difference without waveguide bends. The fabricated device comprises of an array of 32 Mach‐Zehnder interferometers, which produce a spatial interferogram without any moving parts, yielding a spectral resolution of 50 pm and a free‐spectral range of 0.78 nm. As a result of similar propagation losses in subwavelength grating waveguides and conventional strip waveguides, loss imbalance is minimized and high interferometic extinction ratio of −25 to −30 dB is obtained. Furthermore, phase and amplitude errors arising from normal fabrication variation are compensated by the spectral retrieval process using calibration measurements.