bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute Neurobehavioral and Glial Responses to Explosion Gas Inhalation in Rats
Authors: Liu Jinren , Gao Junhong , Wang Hong , Fan Xiaolin , Li Liang , Wang Xiangni , Wang Xiying , Lu Jiajia , Shi Xingmin , Yang Pinglin 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTMilitary personnel, firefighters, and fire survivors exhibit a higher prevalence of mental health conditions such as depression and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared to the general population. While numerous studies have examined the neurological impacts of physical trauma and psychological stress, research on acute neurobehavioral effects of gas inhalation from explosions or fires is limited. This study investigates the early‐stage neurobehavioral and neuronal consequences of acute explosion gas inhalation in Sprague–Dawley rats. Rats were exposed to simulated explosive gas and subsequently assessed using behavioral tests and neurobiological analyses. The high‐dose exposure group demonstrated significant depression‐like behaviors, including reduced mobility and exploration. However, neuronal damage was not evident in histological analyses. Immunofluorescence revealed increased density of radial glia and oligodendrocytes in specific brain regions, suggesting hypoxia and axon damage induced by gas inhalation as a potential mechanism for the observed neurobehavioral changes. These findings underscore the acute impact of explosion gas inhalation on mental health, highlighting the habenula and dentate gyrus of hippocampus as the possible target regions. The findings are expected to support early diagnosis and treatment strategies for brain injuries caused by explosion gas, offering insights into early intervention for depression and PTSD in affected populations.
(Un)rightful Entitlements: Exploring the Populist Narratives of Welfare Chauvinism and Welfare Nostalgia
Authors: Blum Sonja 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the electoral rise of populist radical-right parties (PRR) in European liberal democracies, scholarly attention has turned to their social-policy agendas and, to a lesser extent, also their gender, family and sexuality agendas. Research has explored PRR parties’ stances towards different groups, including access to or exclusion from social rights. ‘Welfare chauvinism’ has proven as a useful concept to understand social policy agendas of PRR parties, focused on (un)deservingness along the lines of native vs. non-native populations. This chapter argues, first, that a widened understanding of ‘welfare chauvinism’ enables a fuller investigation of different exclusionary tendencies—in terms of migration, gender, family, or sexual orientation. And second, that such welfare chauvinism goes along with specific (un)deservingness constructions, which can be captured through studying (populist) policy narratives. The chapter theorizes on ‘populist narratives’ about material inclusion or exclusion, i.e. who should be given, not given, or taken from in terms of social rights. It proposes certain plots and narrative elements which are characteristic of ‘populist narratives’. To demonstrate its usefulness for empirical research, the concept is applied to investigate the contested German family policy modernization, its populist protesters and the family policy agenda of the Alternative für Deutschland.
A finite element-based physics-informed operator learning framework for spatiotemporal partial differential equations on arbitrary domains
Authors: Yamazaki Yusuke , Harandi Ali , Muramatsu Mayu , Viardin Alexandre , Apel Markus , Brepols Tim , Reese Stefanie , Rezaei Shahed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We propose a novel finite element-based physics-informed operator learning framework that allows for predicting spatiotemporal dynamics governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). The Galerkin discretized weak formulation is employed to incorporate physics into the loss function, termed finite operator learning (FOL), along with the implicit Euler time integration scheme for temporal discretization. A transient thermal conduction problem is considered to benchmark the performance, where FOL takes a temperature field at the current time step as input and predicts a temperature field at the next time step. Upon training, the network successfully predicts the temperature evolution over time for any initial temperature field at high accuracy compared to the solution by the finite element method (FEM) even with a heterogeneous thermal conductivity and arbitrary geometry. The advantages of FOL can be summarized as follows: First, the training is performed in an unsupervised manner, avoiding the need for large data prepared from costly simulations or experiments. Instead, random temperature patterns generated by the Gaussian random process and the Fourier series, combined with constant temperature fields, are used as training data to cover possible temperature cases. Additionally, shape functions and backward difference approximation are exploited for the domain discretization, resulting in a purely algebraic equation. This enhances training efficiency, as one avoids time-consuming automatic differentiation in optimizing weights and biases while accepting possible discretization errors. Finally, thanks to the interpolation power of FEM, any arbitrary geometry with heterogeneous microstructure can be handled with FOL, which is crucial to addressing various engineering application scenarios.
MS treatment de-escalation: review and commentary
Authors: Selmaj Krzysztof , Hartung Hans-Peter , Mycko Marcin P. , Selmaj Igor , Cross Anne H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlmost all currently licensed disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for MS treatment require prolonged if not lifelong administration. Yet, as people age, the immune system has increasingly reduced responsiveness, known as immunosenescence. Many MS DMTs reduce the responsiveness of the immune system, increasing the risks for infections and possibly cancers. As people with MS (pwMS) age, it is recognized that inflammatory MS activity declines. Several studies have addressed de-escalation of DMTs for relapsing MS under special circumstances. Here, we review evidence for de-escalating DMTs as a strategy that is particularly relevant to pwMS of older age. Treatment de-escalation can involve various strategies, such as extended or reduced dosing, switching from high-efficacy DMTs having higher risks to moderately effective DMTs with lesser risks, or treatment discontinuation. Studies have suggested that for natalizumab extended dosing maintained clinical efficacy while reducing the risk of PML. Extended interval dosing of ocrelizumab mitigated the decline of Ig levels. Retrospective and observational discontinuation studies demonstrate that age is an essential modifier of drug efficacy. Discontinuation of MS treatment in older patients has been associated with a stable disease course, while younger patients who discontinued treatment were more likely to experience new clinical activity. A recently completed 2-year randomized-controlled discontinuation study in 260 stable pwMS > 55 years found stable clinical multiple sclerosis with only a small increased risk of new MRI activity upon discontinuation. DMT de-escalation or discontinuation in MS patients older than 55 years may be non-inferior to continued treatment with immunosuppressive agents having higher health risks. However, despite several small studies, a definite conclusion about treatment de-escalation in older pwMS will require larger and longer studies. Ideally, comparison of de-escalation versus continuation versus discontinuation of DMTs should be done by prospective randomized-controlled trials enrolling sufficient numbers of subjects to allow comparisons for MS patients of both sexes within age groups, such as 55–59, 60–65, 66–69, etc. Optimally, such studies should be 3 years or longer and should incorporate testing for specific markers of immunosenescence (such as T-cell receptor excision circles) to account for differential aging of individuals.
Evaluation of aircraft engine performance during takeoff phase with machine learning methods
Authors: Kurt Bulent 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDuring the takeoff phase, aircraft engines reach maximum speed and temperature to achieve the required thrust. Due to these harsh operating conditions, the performance of aircraft engines may decrease. This decrease in performance increases both fuel consumption and environmental damage. Reducing or eliminating the damages caused by aircraft is among the objectives of ICAO. In order to achieve this goal, aircraft engines are compulsorily tested, evaluated by experts and certified. The data obtained during the test process is recorded and stored in the engine emission databank (EEDB). During the takeoff phase, there is no system that can evaluate aircraft engines without dismantling and without expert knowledge. In this study, EEDB 2019 and 2021 takeoff phase data sets were used. Fuel flow T/O parameter is an important parameter used both in the calculation of aircraft emissions and in the evaluation of engine performance. Gaussian process regression (GPR), support vector machine (SVM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) models were used to estimate the fuel flow T/O parameter. The results obtained were compared according to error performance criteria and the best model was selected. In MATLAB® environment, confidence intervals were plotted with the estimated fuel flow T/O value at 99% confidence level. This study demonstrates that the performance evaluation of aircraft engines during the takeoff phase can be performed without the need for expert knowledge.
An integrated multi-attributive border approximation area comparison (MABAC) method for evaluating resilience and knowledge sharing of suppliers in pythagorean fuzzy environment
Authors: Jafari Mostafa , Naghdi Khanachah Shayan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper aims to determine the resilience scores of suppliers by considering the importance of knowledge sharing and incorporating a set of criteria that affect the supply chain’s resilience, along with knowledge sharing. In order to achieve this goal, we propose a new multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method named MULTIMABAC to evaluate suppliers’ resilience. This method is based on the multi-attributive border approximation area comparison (MABAC) method. The new method consists of criteria weighting, expert weighting, and supplier evaluation. In the criteria weighting section, we extend the BWM (Best–Worst method) using Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs). The weight of experts is determined by incorporating the average concept into the MABAC method. The resilience score of suppliers is calculated using an extended MABAC method with ideal positive and negative solutions. All indices are aggregated using the ordinal priority approach (OPA) to obtain a unique ranking. Additionally, we extend the MULTIMABAC method using PFSs to address uncertainty in supply chain decision-making. Results and sensitivity analysis demonstrate that the proposed method effectively facilitates knowledge sharing in selecting resilient suppliers. Therefore, organizations can use the proposed method to evaluate and choose resilient suppliers. Moreover, the MULTIMABAC method demonstrates robustness to variations in the weights of its constituent parameters.
The effect of operating conditions on neutral sulphite semi-chemical pulping properties: an industrial pilot plant study
Authors: Lambert Matthew A. , Wahl Helene , Bosman Catharine E. , Louw Tobias M. , Auret Lidia , Görgens Johann F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe influence of pulping variables on the pulp and black liquor properties for a neutral sulphite semi-chemical pulping system was investigated in a pilot plant pulping setup situated at an industrial paper mill. Eucalyptus chips were used as raw material and the operating variables were Na2SO3 charge (8–18% w/w on oven-dry wood), Na2CO3 charge (0.5–3.0% w/w on oven-dry wood) and maximum cooking temperature (160–180 °C). Response surface methodology was used to parametrize empirical models to find the optimal conditions for maximizing the short-span compression strength index of the pulp. The derived regression models for the black liquor properties and the pulp hypo number had R2-adjusted values above 0.8 and p-values for overall significance below 0.05. The derived regression models for the handsheet strength properties had R2-adjusted values between 0.3 and 0.45 and p-values for overall significance either below 0.05 or between 0.05 and 0.1. The sulphite charge, followed by the carbonate charge, had the most notable effect on the evaluated properties with the effects of temperature being less significant. Optimization of the pilot plant system showed that the short-span compression strength index of the pulp could be maximized to 26.7 N m/g, using a sulphite charge of 9.4% (w/w on oven-dry wood) and a carbonate charge of 1.94% (w/w on oven-dry wood), similar to short-span compression strength indices typically achieved using other pulping processes.
School mathematics as context: examining discourses about the subject in district policymaking
Authors: Nguyen Phi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSchool subjects differ in their histories, epistemologies, and relations to state and federal policies. Though educational policymaking is shaped by how education leaders view school mathematics—what mathematics is, how mathematics is learned, and what counts as equitable and high-quality mathematics education—policy research often takes a subject-neutral perspective, ignoring the ways in which policymaking is rooted in the subject-matter. In this article, I report the ways in which systems of meaning or discourses about school mathematics penetrate the policymaking of two school districts. Based on a discourse analysis of interviews, observations, and artifacts, I found five main discourses about school mathematics reflected in district policymaking: (1) mathematics is a core school subject; (2) mathematics is sequential, where mastery of prior learning is necessary for future learning; (3) mathematics is well-defined, with agreement over the content; (4) there are competing perspectives of high-quality mathematics pedagogy, between conceptually-oriented instruction and direct instruction focused on procedures; and (5) equity in mathematics is access and achievement. These discourses about school mathematics were written in formal policy texts, institutionalized in district-wide practices for assessment, intervention, and tracking, and reflected in leaders’ personal views and social narratives from teachers, parents, and the community. By making visible the taken-for-granted meanings about school mathematics shaping educational policymaking, it becomes possible to interrupt and challenge them with alternative discourses.
Biological Antecedents Essentialism
Authors: Hermida Margarida 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAn essentialist claim often made about organisms is that they could not have originated in different gametes. The thesis of gametic essentialism (GE) is usually understood either as a particular case of material origin essentialism, or as genetic essentialism. This paper argues that it should instead be understood in terms of the numerical identity of the gametes. Since gametes are living cells, their identity conditions should be the same as those of other living beings, and therefore involve neither specific material composition, nor specific genes, but continuity of the same life. Understood in this way, GE is a particular case of biological antecedents essentialism (BAE), a kind of origin essentialism that is better justified in the light of the metaphysical nature of organisms as objects that inherit life from previously existing living organisms. BAE overcomes many objections facing other origin essentialist accounts, and it recognises the importance of the gametes in transmitting not just genes, but actively functioning physical structures necessary for life. If we wish to maintain an origin essentialism principle for organisms, we should prefer BAE.
A Physics informed neural network approach for solving time fractional Black-Scholes partial differential equations
Authors: Nuugulu Samuel M. , Patidar Kailash C. , Tarla Divine T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe present a novel approach for solving time fractional Black-Scholes partial differential equations (tfBSPDEs) using Physics Informed Neural Network (PINN) approach. Traditional numerical methods are faced with challenges in solving fractional PDEs due to the non-locality and non-differentiability nature of fractional derivative operators. By leveraging the ideas of Riemann sums and the refinement of tagged partitions of the time domain, we show that fractional derivatives can directly be incorporated into the loss function when applying the PINN approach to solving tfBSPDEs. The approach allows for the simultaneous learning of the underlying process dynamics and the involved fractional derivative operator without a need for the use of numerical discretization of the fractional derivatives. Through some numerical experiments, we demonstrate that, the PINN approach is efficient, accurate and computationally inexpensive particularly when dealing with high frequency and noisy data. This work augments the understanding between advanced mathematical modeling and machine learning techniques, contributing to the body of knowlege on the advancement of accurate derivative pricing models.
Narcissism and Affective Polarization
Authors: Tilley James , Hobolt Sara 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere are increasing concerns about affective polarization between political groups in the US and elsewhere. While most work explaining affective polarization focuses on a combination of social and ideological sorting, we ask whether people’s personalities are associated with friendliness to their political in-group and hostility to their political out-group. We argue that the personality trait of narcissism (entitled self-importance) is an important correlate of affective polarization. We test this claim in Britain using nationally representative survey data, examining both long-standing party identities and new Brexit identities. Our findings reveal that narcissism, and particularly the ‘rivalry’ aspect of narcissism, is associated with both positive and negative partisanship. This potentially not only explains why some people are more susceptible to affective polarization, but also has implications for elite polarization given that narcissism is an important predictor of elite entry.
The Impact of Implementation Fidelity of a School-Based Multi-Component Smoking Prevention Intervention on Vocational Students’ Smoking Behavior: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jensen Marie Pil , Krølner Rikke Fredenslund , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Lund Lisbeth , Andersen Susan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPreventing young people’s cigarette smoking is a major public health priority, and smoking is especially prevalent in vocational schools. Well-enforced comprehensive school tobacco policies accompanied by preventive efforts show potential to reduce smoking, but the implementation process is crucial to achieve the intended effect. We investigate whether and how implementation fidelity of a multi-component smoking prevention intervention impacted student smoking outcomes after 4–5 months among students in Danish vocational education and training (national age range 15–65 years, mean 25.6) and preparatory basic education (national age range 15–25 years, mean 17.6) institutions using questionnaire data from a cluster-RCT. The intervention included a smoke-free school hours policy, educational curriculum, and class competition. We calculated an overall implementation fidelity measure combining staff-reported school-level delivery (fidelity) and student-reported receipt (participation, responsiveness), and used multilevel regression models to analyze associations with smoking outcomes (smoking daily, regularly, and during school hours). We supplemented the analysis with restricted cubic spline regression. Additionally, we stratified the analyses by school types and analyzed associations between implementation fidelity of the separate intervention components and smoking outcomes. High implementation was associated with lower odds of regular smoking (OR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.18–0.78) and smoking during school hours, but not daily smoking, and these associations varied between the school settings. When analyzed separately, implementation fidelity of the components did not affect the outcomes significantly. Our findings underline the need to support the implementation process of school tobacco policy interventions to ensure the intended effects of reducing students’ smoking.
Are economic preferences shaped by the family context? The relation of birth order and siblings’ gender composition to economic preferences
Authors: Detlefsen Lena , Friedl Andreas , de Miranda Katharina Lima , Schmidt Ulrich , Sutter Matthias 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe formation of economic preferences in childhood and adolescence has long-term consequences for life outcomes. We study in an experiment how both birth order and siblings’ gender composition are related to risk, time, and social preferences. We find that second-born children are typically less patient, more risk-tolerant, and more trusting. However, siblings’ gender composition interacts importantly with birth order effects. Second-born children are more risk-taking only with same-gender siblings. In mixed-gender environments, children seem to identify with the gender stereotype that boys are much more willing to take risks than girls, irrespective of birth order. For trust and trustworthiness, birth order effects are larger with mixed-gender siblings. Only for patience, siblings’ gender composition does not matter.
Analysis of the Behavior of a Chemical Tanker in Extreme Waves
Authors: Wang Shan , Klein Marco , Ehlers Sören , Clauss Günther , Guedes Soares C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe behavior of a chemical tanker (CT) in extreme waves was discussed in detail, that is, in terms of rigid body heave and pitch motions, vertical bending moments (VBMs) amidships, green water, and slamming impacts through the analysis of the experimental data from model tests. Regular wave tests conducted for two wave steepness showed that the increase in wave steepness caused the increase in the asymmetry between hogging and sagging moments and the contribution of green water on deck to the decrease in vertical wave bending moments. Random uncertainty analysis of statistical values in irregular wave tests with various seeds revealed slight experimental uncertainties on motions and VBMs and slightly higher errors in slamming pressure peaks. With the increase in forward speed, experimental uncertainty on slamming pressures at the bow increased. Breather solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation applied to generate tailored extreme waves of certain critical wavelengths showed a good performance in terms of ship response, and it was further verified for the CT.