bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence of topological and topological crystalline phases in TlBiS2 and TlSbS2
Authors: Zhang Qingyun , Cheng Yingchun , Schwingenschlögl Udo 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUsing first-principles calculations, we investigate the band structure evolution and topological phase transitions in TlBiS2 and TlSbS2 under hydrostatic pressure as well as uniaxial and biaxial strain. The phase transitions are identified by parity analysis and by calculating the surface states. Zero, one and four Dirac cones are found for the (111) surfaces of both TlBiS2 and TlSbS2 when the pressure grows, which confirms trivial-nontrivial-trivial phase transitions. The Dirac cones at the "Equation missing" points are anisotropic with large out-of-plane component. TlBiS2 shows normal, topological and topological crystalline insulator phases under hydrostatic pressure, thus being the first compound to exhibit a phase transition from a topological to a topological crystalline insulator.
Ethanol extract of Remotiflori radix induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cell death through AMPK/mTOR signaling in human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Kim Aeyung , Im Minju , Ma Jin Yeul 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRemotiflori radix is the root of Mosidae, which has long been used as a traditional medicine to treat chills, fever and phlegm discharge. The ethanol extract of Mosidae leaves (MLE) possesses strong antioxidant and chemopreventive activities. However, the anti-cancer effects of the Remotiflori radix have not been examined. We used the ethanol extract of Remotiflori radix (ERR) and the PC-3 and DU145 prostate cancer cell lines in this study. We found that > 100 μg/mL ERR caused dose- and time-dependent cell death. Autophagic and apoptotic cell numbers increased in a dose-dependent manner as incubation time was prolonged and LC3 punctuation, YO-PRO-1 uptake, DNA fragmentation, activation of caspases and PARP cleavage were induced. Phosphorylation of AMPK, ULK and p38 was increased after ERR treatment and the level of the ER stress marker CHOP was also elevated. AMPK knockdown dramatically blocked ERR-mediated CHOP expression and cell death, suggesting that AMPK activation and ER stress play a critical role in ERR-induced cell death. Furthermore, oral administration of ERR at 50 mg/kg efficiently suppressed tumorigenic growth of PC-3 cells with no adverse effects. These results suggest that the ERR can be used as a safe and potent alternative therapy for patients with prostate cancer.
Multi-barrier field-emission behavior in PBTTT thin films at low temperatures
Authors: Kang Evan S. H. , Kim Eunseong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe investigated the low-temperature transport mechanism for poly[2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno(3,2-b)thiophene] (PBTTT). The temperature-dependent transport behavior was studied by varying the drain–source electric field and gate bias. The results suggest that low-temperature charge transport is dominated by direct tunneling at low electric fields, while field emission is prevailing for high electric fields with high carrier densities. However, the obtained barrier heights are remarkably greater than expected in a conventional field emission. We propose a simplified model of field emission through quasi-one-dimensional path with multiple barriers which shows good agreement with the results more clearly. Field emission across the domain boundaries may assist in overcoming the transport barriers induced by the interchain disorder, which results in the weak temperature dependence of conductivities and nonlinear current–voltage relation at low temperatures.
Dependence of structure and temperature for lithium-rich layered-spinel microspheres cathode material of lithium ion batteries
Authors: Wang Di , Yu Ruizhi , Wang Xianyou , Ge Long , Yang Xiukang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHomogeneous lithium-rich layered-spinel 0.5Li2MnO3·0.5LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 microspheres (~1 μm) are successfully prepared by a solvothermal method and subsequent high-temperature calcinations process. The effects of temperature on the structure and performance of the as-prepared cathode material are systemically studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), galvanostatical charge/discharge and electrochemical impedance spectra. The results show that a spinel Li4Mn5O12 component can be controllably introduced into the lithium-rich layered material at 750°C. Besides, it has been found that the obtained layered-spinel cathode material represents excellent electrochemical characteristics. For example, it can deliver a high initial discharge capacity of 289.6 mAh g−1 between 2.0 V and 4.6 V at a rate of 0.1 C at room temperature and a discharge capacity of 144.9 mAh g−1 at 5 C and 122.8 mAh g−1 even at 10 C. In addition, the retention of the capacity is still as high as 88% after 200 cycles, while only 79.9% for the single-phase layered material. The excellent electrochemical performance of the as-prepared cathode material can probably be attributed to the hybrid structures combining a fast Li-ion diffusion rate of 3D spinel Li4Mn5O12 phase and a high capacity of the layered Li-Mn-Ni-Co-O component.
Worldwide variations in artificial skyglow
Authors: Kyba Christopher C. M. , Tong Kai Pong , Bennie Jonathan , Birriel Ignacio , Birriel Jennifer J. , Cool Andrew , Danielsen Arne , Davies Thomas W. , Outer Peter N. den , Edwards William , Ehlert Rainer , Falchi Fabio , Fischer Jürgen , Giacomelli Andrea , Giubbilini Francesco , Haaima Marty , Hesse Claudia , Heygster Georg , Hölker Franz , Inger Richard , Jensen Linsey J. , Kuechly Helga U. , Kuehn John , Langill Phil , Lolkema Dorien E. , Nagy Matthew , Nievas Miguel , Ochi Nobuaki , Popow Emil , Posch Thomas , Puschnig Johannes , Ruhtz Thomas , Schmidt Wim , Schwarz Robert , Schwope Axel , Spoelstra Henk , Tekatch Anthony , Trueblood Mark , Walker Constance E. , Weber Michael , Welch Douglas L. , Zamorano Jaime , Gaston Kevin J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDespite constituting a widespread and significant environmental change, understanding of artificial nighttime skyglow is extremely limited. Until now, published monitoring studies have been local or regional in scope and typically of short duration. In this first major international compilation of monitoring data we answer several key questions about skyglow properties. Skyglow is observed to vary over four orders of magnitude, a range hundreds of times larger than was the case before artificial light. Nearly all of the study sites were polluted by artificial light. A non-linear relationship is observed between the sky brightness on clear and overcast nights, with a change in behavior near the rural to urban landuse transition. Overcast skies ranged from a third darker to almost 18 times brighter than clear. Clear sky radiances estimated by the World Atlas of Artificial Night Sky Brightness were found to be overestimated by ~25%; our dataset will play an important role in the calibration and ground truthing of future skyglow models. Most of the brightly lit sites darkened as the night progressed, typically by ~5% per hour. The great variation in skyglow radiance observed from site-to-site and with changing meteorological conditions underlines the need for a long-term international monitoring program.
A proof-of-principle study of multi-site real-time functional imaging at 3T and 7T: Implementation and validation
Authors: Baecke Sebastian , Lützkendorf Ralf , Mallow Johannes , Luchtmann Michael , Tempelmann Claus , Stadler Jörg , Bernarding Johannes 
Published: February 2015

AbstractReal-time functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rtfMRI) is used mainly for neurofeedback or for brain-computer interfaces (BCI). But multi-site rtfMRI could in fact help in the application of new interactive paradigms such as the monitoring of mutual information flow or the controlling of objects in shared virtual environments. For that reason, a previously developed framework that provided an integrated control and data analysis of rtfMRI experiments was extended to enable multi-site rtfMRI. Important new components included a data exchange platform for analyzing the data of both MR scanners independently and/or jointly. Information related to brain activation can be displayed separately or in a shared view. However, a signal calibration procedure had to be developed and integrated in order to permit the connecting of sites that had different hardware and to account for different inter-individual brain activation levels. The framework was successfully validated in a proof-of-principle study with twelve volunteers. Thus the overall concept, the calibration of grossly differing signals and BCI functionality on each site proved to work as required. To model interactions between brains in real-time, more complex rules utilizing mutual activation patterns could easily be implemented to allow for new kinds of social fMRI experiments.
Auditory Learning Using a Portable Real-Time Vocoder: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Casserly Elizabeth D. , Pisoni David B. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
Although traditional study of auditory training has been in controlled laboratory settings, interest has been increasing in more interactive options. The authors examine whether such interactive training can result in short-term perceptual learning, and the range of perceptual skills it impacts.

Method

Experiments 1 (
N
= 37) and 2 (
N
= 21) used pre- and posttest measures of speech and nonspeech recognition to find evidence of learning (within subject) and to compare the effects of 3 kinds of training (between subject) on the perceptual abilities of adults with normal hearing listening to simulations of cochlear implant processing. Subjects were given interactive, standard lab-based, or control training experience for 1 hr between the pre- and posttest tasks (unique sets across Experiments 1 & 2).

Results
Subjects receiving interactive training showed significant learning on sentence recognition in quiet task (Experiment 1), outperforming controls but not lab-trained subjects following training. Training groups did not differ significantly on any other task, even those directly involved in the interactive training experience.

Conclusions
Interactive training has the potential to produce learning in 1 domain (sentence recognition in quiet), but the particulars of the present training method (short duration, high complexity) may have limited benefits to this single criterion task.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.6170324
Estimation of transient surge energy transferred with associated time delays for individual components of surge protector circuits
Authors: James Sisira , Kularatna Nihal , Steyn‐Ross Alistair , Künnemeyer Rainer 
Published: February 2015

Modern semiconductor technology is vulnerable to transient surges such as lightning. Transient voltage suppressor systems (TVSSs), which are installed to protect modern electronics, use non‐linear components such as varistors and transient voltage suppressor diodes in their design. In the case of low‐voltage (1000 V and less) AC power circuits, there is no clear approach to estimate the energy absorption and associated time delays in individual components in relation to the propagated transient surge. Numerical simulation techniques can be used to analyse the phenomenon of surge propagation within a TVSS and estimate the energy transferred to each component with associated time delays. Suitable mathematical models must be used for the non‐linear components. This study presents the development of reasonably accurate models for the non‐linear circuit elements and formulation of state equations for the TVSS, together with simulation results; results are experimentally validated using a lightning surge simulator. The method of analysing surge propagation presented here could be extended to analyse the phenomenon of surge propagation within power conversion stages which buffer the complex electronic circuits and the power source. The results discussed here indicate that the theoretical energy calculations are within 10% of the experimental results for the individual circuit elements.
Algorithm to eliminate the wind direction ambiguity from the monostatic high‐frequency radar backscatter spectra
Authors: Chu Xiaoliang , Zhang Jie , Wang Shuyao , Ji Yonggang 
Published: February 2015

In this study, an algorithm is presented to eliminate the ambiguity of the wind direction from the monostatic radar. The true wind direction can be obtained by comparing three angles that reflect the differences between wind direction and three adjacent radar beams. The correlation coefficient and the root‐mean‐square (RMS) error between the inversion data and the anemometer data are 0.67 and 49.8°, respectively. When the data whose wind speed is greater than the threshold 4.67 m/s are used, the correlation coefficient and the RMS error are 0.93 and 24.6°. Therefore, the effect of the wind speed threshold on the radar measurements should be put into consideration in the data processing. The results make clear that the algorithm can remove the ambiguity of the wind direction effectively, and authors can utilise the algorithm to estimate the wind direction.
Knowledge and Awareness of Acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among Mobile App-Using Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Missed Public Health Opportunity
Authors: Siegler Aaron J. , Sanchez Travis , Sineath R. Craig , Grey Jeremy , Kahle Erin , Sullivan Patrick S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In a national online survey, we assessed awareness and knowledge of acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection manifestation among 1748 men who have sex with men (MSM). Only 39% of respondents were aware that acute HIV infection may be accompanied by symptoms. Education and increased access to acute HIV testing may facilitate MSM to appropriately seek acute HIV testing.
The photospheric Poynting flux and coronal heating
Authors: Welsch Brian T. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Some models of coronal heating suppose that convective motions at the photosphere shuffle the footpoints of coronal magnetic fields and thereby inject sufficient magnetic energy upward to account for observed coronal and chromospheric energy losses in active regions. Using high-resolution observations of plage magnetic fields made with the Solar Optical Telescope aboard the Hinode satellite, we investigate this idea by estimating the upward transport of magnetic energy—the vertical Poynting flux, Sz—across the photosphere in a plage region. To do so, we combine the following: (i) estimates of photospheric horizontal velocities, vh, determined by local correlation tracking applied to a sequence of line-of-sight magnetic field maps from the Narrowband Filter Imager, with (ii) a vector magnetic field measurement from the SpectroPolarimeter. Plage fields are ideal observational targets for estimating energy injection by convection, because they are (i) strong enough to be measured with relatively small uncertainties, (ii) not so strong that convection is heavily suppressed (as within umbrae), and (iii) unipolar, so Sz in plage is not influenced by mixed-polarity processes (e.g., flux emergence) unrelated to heating in stable, active-region fields. In this plage region, we found that the average Sz varied in space, but was positive (upward) and sufficient to explain coronal heating, with values near (5 ± 1) × 107 erg cm−2 s−1. We find the energy input per unit magnetic flux to be on the order of 105 erg s−1 Mx−1. A comparison of intensity in a Ca ii image co-registered with one plage magnetogram shows stronger spatial correlations with both total field strength and unsigned vertical field, |Bz|, than either Sz or horizontal flux density, Bh. The observed Ca ii brightness enhancement, however, probably contains a strong contribution from a near-photosphere hot-wall effect, which is unrelated to heating in the solar atmosphere.
Optimal chest compression rate in cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a prospective, randomized crossover study using a manikin model
Authors: Lee Seong Hwa , Ryu Ji Ho , Min Mun Ki , Kim Yong In , Park Maeng Real , Yeom Seok Ran , Han Sang Kyoon , Park Seong Wook 
Published: February 2015

Objectives
When performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the 2010 American Heart Association guidelines recommend a chest compression rate of at least 100 min−1, whereas the 2010 European Resuscitation Council guidelines recommend a rate of between 100 and 120 min−1. The aim of this study was to examine the rate of chest compression that fulfilled various quality indicators, thereby determining the optimal rate of compression.

Methods
Thirty-two trainee emergency medical technicians and six paramedics were enrolled in this study. All participants had been trained in basic life support. Each participant performed 2 min of continuous compressions on a skill reporter manikin, while listening to a metronome sound at rates of 100, 120, 140, and 160 beats/min, in a random order. Mean compression depth, incomplete chest recoil, and the proportion of correctly performed chest compressions during the 2 min were measured and recorded.

Results
The rate of incomplete chest recoil was lower at compression rates of 100 and 120 min−1 compared with that at 160 min−1 (P=0.001). The numbers of compressions that fulfilled the criteria for high-quality CPR at a rate of 120 min−1 were significantly higher than those at 100 min−1 (P=0.016).

Conclusion
The number of high-quality CPR compressions was the highest at a compression rate of 120 min−1, and increased incomplete recoil occurred with increasing compression rate. However, further studies are needed to confirm the results.
Effect of nutrients and salinity pulses on biomass and growth of
Vallisneria americana
in lower St Johns River, FL, USA
Authors: Boustany Ronald G. , Michot Thomas C. , Moss Rebecca F. 
Published: February 2015

We determined the interactive effects of nutrient loading and salinity pulsing on
Vallisneria americana
Michx., the dominant submerged aquatic vegetation species in the lower St Johns River (LSJR), FL, USA, and its associated algal community. Five hundred and ninety 6-inch diameter intact plant plugs of
Vallisneria
were collected from the LSJR in March 2003 and transported to US Geological Survey mesocosm facilities in Lafayette, LA, USA. A 3×3 experimental design consisting of three nutrient levels (control, 1/3 control and 3× control) and three salinity pulsing regimes (no pulse, 1-pulse at 18 ppt and 2-pulse at 12 and 18 ppt) was implemented with three replicates per treatment for a total of 27 experimental tanks. Salinity pulsing significantly reduced all measured
Vallisneria
growth parameters including above- and below-ground biomass, areal productivity and leaf area index. Nutrient levels had little effect on plants subjected to salinity pulses, but in non-salinity pulse treatments we observed higher mean macrophyte biomass in the low-nutrient loading treatments. Macroalgal components (epiphytes and surface algal mats) were not significantly different (
p
=0.2998 and
p
=0.2444, respectively), but water column chlorophyll
a
(phytoplankton) was significantly higher (
p
<0.0001) in all salinity pulse treatments except for the 1-pulse, low-nutrient treatment. A single salinity pulse at 18 ppt resulted in 22% pot mortality and two consecutive pulses of 18 and 12 ppt resulted in an additional 14% mortality. Individual leaves and ramets lost 59.7% and 67.8%, respectively, in the combined salinity pulse treatments. Nutrient loading tends to have a long-term effect on
Vallisneria
through complex community interactions while salinity pulsing frequency and intensity has an immediate and direct influence on growth and distribution.
A pan-cancer signature of neutral tumor evolution
Authors: Sottoriva Andrea , Graham Trevor A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDespite extraordinary efforts to profile cancer genomes on a large scale, interpreting the vast amount of genomic data in the light of cancer evolution and in a clinically relevant manner remains challenging. Here we demonstrate that cancer next-generation sequencing data is dominated by the signature of growth governed by a power-law distribution of mutant allele frequencies. The power-law signature is common to multiple tumor types and is a consequence of the effectively-neutral evolutionary dynamics that underpin the evolution of a large proportion of cancers, giving rise to the abundance of mutations responsible for intra-tumor heterogeneity. Importantly, the law allows the measurement, in each individual cancer, of thein vivomutation rate and the timing of mutations with remarkable precision. This result provides a new way to interpret cancer genomic data by considering the physics of tumor growth in a way that is both patient-specific and clinically relevant.
“Self” and “Non-Self” in the Control of Phytoalexin Biosynthesis: Plant Phospholipases A2 with Alkaloid-Specific Molecular Fingerprints
Authors: Heinze Michael , Brandt Wolfgang , Marillonnet Sylvestre , Roos Werner 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe overproduction of specialized metabolites requires plants to manage the inherent burdens, including the risk of self-intoxication. We present a control mechanism that stops the expression of phytoalexin biosynthetic enzymes by blocking the antecedent signal transduction cascade. Cultured cells of Eschscholzia californica (Papaveraceae) and Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae) overproduce benzophenanthridine alkaloids and monoterpenoid indole alkaloids, respectively, in response to microbial elicitors. In both plants, an elicitor-responsive phospholipase A2 (PLA2) at the plasma membrane generates signal molecules that initiate the induction of biosynthetic enzymes. The final alkaloids produced in the respective plant inhibit the respective PLA, a negative feedback that prevents continuous overexpression. The selective inhibition by alkaloids from the class produced in the “self” plant could be transferred to leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana via recombinant expression of PLA2. The 3D homology model of each PLA2 displays a binding pocket that specifically accommodates alkaloids of the class produced by the same plant, but not of the other class; for example, C. roseus PLA2 only accommodates C. roseus alkaloids. The interaction energies of docked alkaloids correlate with their selective inhibition of PLA2 activity. The existence in two evolutionary distant plants of phospholipases A2 that discriminate “self-made” from “foreign” alkaloids reveals molecular fingerprints left in signal enzymes during the evolution of species-specific, cytotoxic phytoalexins.