bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image-based robotic control with unknown camera parameters and joint velocities
Authors: Hua Changchun , Liu Yinjuan , Yang Yana 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYA new image-based controller is proposed for the robotic system with the joint velocity signals unavailable. The Immersion and Invariance (I&amp;I) observer is applied to estimate the unknown velocity information. Compared with the general velocity observer, the I&amp;I observer can estimate the unknown velocity exponentially. We consider the case that the exact camera parameters are not known. The corresponding adaptive controller is designed for the robot system and the stability is rigorously proven by using Lyapunov theorem. Finally, simulations are performed and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
ETHICS EXPERTISE FOR HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT: A CANADIAN NATIONAL SURVEY
Authors: Bond Kenneth , Oremus Mark , Duthie Katherine M. , Griener Glenn G. 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify individuals with expertise in ethics analysis in Canada, who might contribute to health technology assessment (HTA); to gauge these individuals’ familiarity with, and experience participating in, the production of HTA.Methods: A contact list was developed using the Canadian Bioethics Society membership list and faculty listings of Canadian universities, bioethics centers, and health agencies. An eighteen-question email survey was distributed to potential respondents to collect data on demographic information, education and work experience in applied ethics, and involvement in HTA.Results: The survey response rate was 52.8 percent (350/663). Respondents worked primarily in academic institutions (50.4 percent) or hospitals (15.4 percent). Many respondents (83.1 percent) had education, formal training, or work-related experience in practical ethics related to health care, with many having a doctorate (34.5 percent) or master's degree (19.0 percent). One quarter (24.5 percent; n = 87) of respondents indicated they had been involved in an analysis of ethical issues for HTA. Almost two-thirds (65.4 percent; n = 165) of those who had not previously participated in ethics analysis believed they might usefully contribute to an analysis of ethical issues in HTA. Experts who have conducted ethics analysis in HTA had more than twice the odds of having education and training in ethics and a PhD than those who might contribute to ethics analysis.Conclusion: Many people have contributed to ethics analysis in HTA in Canada, and more are willing to do so. Given the absence of a reliable credential for ethics expertise, HTA producers should exercise caution when enlisting ethics experts.
From Administrative Infrastructure to Biomedical Resource: Danish Population Registries, the “Scandinavian Laboratory,” and the “Epidemiologist's Dream”
Authors: Bauer Susanne 
Published: April 2014

ArgumentSince the 1970s, Danish population registries were increasingly used for research purposes, in particular in the health sciences. Linked with a large number of disease registries, these data infrastructures became laboratories for the development of both information technology and epidemiological studies. Denmark's system of population registries had been centralized in 1924 and was further automated in the 1960s, with individual identification numbers (CPR-numbers) introduced in 1968. The ubiquitous presence of CPR-numbers in administrative routines and everyday lives created a continually growing data archive of the entire population. The resulting national-level database made possible unprecedented record linkage, a feature epidemiologists and biomedical scientists used as a resource for population health research. The specific assemblages that emerged with their practices of data mining were constitutive of registry-based epidemiology as a style of thought and of a distinct relationship between science, citizens, and the state that emerged as “Scandinavian.”
Producing Standards, Producing the Nordic Region: Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing, from 1950–1970
Authors: Lie Anne Kveim 
Published: April 2014

ArgumentDuring the 1950s it became apparent that antibiotics could not conquer all microbes, and a series of tests were developed to assess the susceptibility of microbes to antibiotics. This article explores the development and standardization of one such testing procedure which became dominant in the Nordic region, and how the project eventually failed in the late 1970s. The standardization procedures amounted to a comprehensive scheme, standardizing not only the materials used, but also the methods and the interpretation of the results. Focusing on Sweden and Norway in particular, the article shows how this comprehensive standardization procedure accounted for several co-dependent factors and demanded collaboration within and across laboratories. Whereas literature on standardization has focused mostly on how facts and artefacts move within and across laboratories, I argue for the importance of also attending to regions and territories. More particularly, while arguing that the practices, ideals, and politics related to what have been called the “Nordic welfare state” were contributing to the design of the standardized procedure in the laboratory, I also argue that Scandinavia was drawn together as a unified region with and by these very same practices.
InventingHomo gardarensis: Prestige, Pressure, and Human Evolution in Interwar Scandinavia
Authors: Kjærgaard Peter C. 
Published: April 2014

ArgumentIn the 1920s there were still very few fossil human remains to support an evolutionary explanation of human origins. Nonetheless, evolution as an explanatory framework was widely accepted. This led to a search for ancestors in several continents with fierce international competition. With so little fossil evidence available and the idea of a Missing Link as a crucial piece of evidence in human evolution still intact, many actors participated in the scientific race to identify the human ancestor. The curious case ofHomo gardarensisserves as an example of how personal ambitions and national pride were deeply interconnected as scientific concerns were sometimes slighted in interwar palaeoanthropology.
The spatial diffusion of norovirus epidemics over three seasons in Tokyo
Authors: INAIDA S. , SHOBUGAWA Y. , MATSUNO S. , SAITO R. , SUZUKI H. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYWe studied the spatial trend of norovirus (NoV) epidemics using sentinel gastroenteritis surveillance data for patients aged <15 years (n = 140) in the Tokyo area for the 2006–2007 to 2008–2009 seasons utilizing the kriging method of geographical information system (GIS). This is the first study of the spreading pattern of NoV epidemics using sentinel surveillance data. Correlations of sentinel cases between the seasons and with demographic data were examined to identify the trend and related factors. A similar pattern of diffusion was observed over the seasons, and its mean correlation between seasons was significantly high. A higher number of cases were found in the peripheral area, which surrounds the most populated central area, and showed a correlation with the ratio of the children population (r = 0·321, P < 0·01) and the ratio of residents in larger families (r = 0·263, P < 0·01). While NoV susceptibility remained, the results suggest a transmission route in the local community as a possible epidemic factor. Prevention with focus on the peripheral area is desirable.
Multiple vectors of unidirectional dialect change in eastern New England
Authors: Stanford James N. , Severance Nathan A. , Baclawski Kenneth P. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTraditional eastern New England (ENE) dialect features are rapidly receding in many parts of northern New England. Because this ENE shift involves seven different phonological features, it provides a prime opportunity to explore different rates of change across multiple linguistic variables at the same time in the same social setting. The present study is the first acoustic sociophonetic investigation of central New Hampshire, and it is based on new field data from 51 adult speakers. Results show that young generations are discarding many traditional ENE pronunciations in favor of leveled, nonregional forms, yet the changes are affecting some variables more quickly than others. Many distinctive traditional ENE variants (nonrhotic speech, intrusive-r, frontedfather, “broad-a” inbath) are quickly receding, while others (frontedstartandhoarse/horsedistinction) are somewhat more conservative, being “overshadowed” by the presence of (r) as a variable within the same syllable. We frame our apparent-time analysis in terms of Sankoff's (2013a) notion of “age vectors” and Labov's (2012) “outward orientation” of the language faculty, illustrating how different generations are juggling multiple age vectors within the same overall shift, and how one variable can overshadow another variable within the same syllable.
Cycles Are Strongly Ramsey-Unsaturated
Authors: SKOKAN J. , STEIN M. 
Published: April 2014

We call a graph H Ramsey-unsaturated if there is an edge in the complement of H such that the Ramsey number r(H) of H does not change upon adding it to H. This notion was introduced by Balister, Lehel and Schelp in [J. Graph Theory51 (2006), pp. 22–32], where it is shown that cycles (except for C4) are Ramsey-unsaturated, and conjectured that, moreover, one may add any chord without changing the Ramsey number of the cycle Cn, unless n is even and adding the chord creates an odd cycle.We prove this conjecture for large cycles by showing a stronger statement. If a graph H is obtained by adding a linear number of chords to a cycle Cn, then r(H)=r(Cn), as long as the maximum degree of H is bounded, H is either bipartite (for even n) or almost bipartite (for odd n), and n is large.This motivates us to call cycles strongly Ramsey-unsaturated. Our proof uses the regularity method.
In mouse oocytes the mitochondrion-originated germinal body-like structures accumulate mouseVasahomologue (MVH) protein
Authors: Reunov Arkadiy A. , Reunova Yulia A. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryMouseVasahomologue (MVH) antibodies were applied to mouse Graafian oocytes to clarify if mitochondrion-originated germinal body-like structures, described previously by conventional electron microscopy, were associated with the germ plasm. It was found that both the mitochondrion-like structures with cristae and the germinal body-like structures that lacked any signs of cristae were labelled specifically by the anti-MVH antibody. Moreover, some granules were MVH-positive ultrastructural hybrids of the mitochondria and germinal body-like structures, the presence of which clearly supported the idea of a mitochondrial origin for the germinal body-like structures. This finding is the first evidence that mitochondrion-originated germinal body-like granules represent mouse germ plasm.
Socioeconomic and Psychological Aspects of Disasters
Authors: Glittenberg JoAnn 
Published: April 2014

Recovery and reconstruction following major sociocultural upheavals, such as natural disasters and war, result in multiple changes. In addition to loss of life and property, social structures and ways of life are temporarily and sometimes permanently altered. Sources of change are both from within due to loss and damage as well as from the outside through new ideas, relief, and economic aid. Some aspects of change may be viewed positively, as a society measures the benefits, while still other aspects may be worthless or detrimental to the survival of the group.Because of the magnitude of the 1976 Guatemalan Earthquake, as well as the unprecedented outpouring of disaster relief and reconstruction aid, a longitudinal study funded by National Science Foundation was begun in 1977 (18 months after the event) and extended through 1982 (in selected areas). Chiefly because of financial expense, most research studies of disasters are limited to short-term follow-up studies of several weeks to a year after the traumatic event. However, many scientists have urged the importance of doing longitudinal studies (1–3). This study had as an overall goal, the study of the process of recovery over a five year period post-Earthquake. A quasiexperimental design was used to compare the recovery process in 19 experimental and 7 control sites. The overall guiding research question was: Does a catastrophy or social upheaval stimulate the recovery of the society so that the level of living post-disaster is higher than the pre-disaster state? Level of Living was operationalized to include housing conditions, cost of living, as well as quality of life measures. The results of a specific portion of the 1976 Guatemalan Earthquake Study (as it is popularly called), the urban resettlements, is presented in this paper.
Microlensing Constraints on the Abundance of Extrasolar Planets
Authors: Cassan Arnaud ,   PLANET,   OGLE
Published: April 2014

AbstractGalactic gravitational microlensing is a powerful technique to detect extrasolar planets at large orbital distances from their stars, from giant down to Earth-mass planets. We report a statistical analysis (Cassan et al. 2012) that combines six years of microlensing observations gathered between 2002 to 2007 by the PLANET and OGLE collaborations. From these data, we estimate the frequency of cool extrasolar planets, with masses ranging from 5 Earths to 10 Jupiters and orbits between 0.5 to 10 Astronomical Units. We find that in average, one in six stars has a Jupiter-like gas giant as companion planet, that about half the stars are orbited by a Neptune-like giant, and two-thirds are associated to super-Earths. Our study also suggests that planets should be ubiquitous throughout the Galaxy. Current deployment of wide-field imagers and possible space-based observations onboard ESA spacecraft EUCLID will soon allow a large increase of the number of monitored microlensing events. These new observatories should provide in a near future a more detailed view on planet abundance as a function of mass.
Detection of O2 Produced Abiotically on Habitable but Lifeless Planets around M-dwarfs
Authors: Li Tong , Tian Feng 
Published: April 2014

AbstractHigh atmospheric abundances of oxygen has been widely considered to be a reliable biosignature for life on exoplanets in the habitable zones of all types of stars. Recently it was proposed that the unique UV spectra of observed planet-hosting M dwarfs could lead to the buildup of molecular oxygen in the atmospheres of habitable but lifeless planets around these stars (Tian et al. 2014). However, the detectability of the accumulated O2 was not modeled. In this work we developed a new line by line radiative transfer model based on HITRAN database and used the model to simulate the reflectivity in the visible and near IR range. We show that abiotically produced and maintained O2 in the 0.2% level is observable at 13105 cm−1 (0.76 μm) with the spectra resolution of 70.
Habitable Zone Super-Earths with Non-Stabilised Spectrographs
Authors: Wright Duncan J. , Tinney Christopher G. , Wittenmyer Robert A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDetecting the small velocity amplitudes (≤ 10 m/s) produced by habitable zone rocky planets around M Dwarfs requires radial velocity precisions of a few m s−1. However, an iodine absorption cell, commonly used as a high precision wavelength reference on non-stabilised spectrographs, is not efficient for very red and faint objects like M Dwarfs. Instead, arc lamps have to be used. With the exception of the ultra-stabilised HARPS spectrograph, achieving ~m s−1 calibration with arc lamps has not been possible because typical spectrographs experience drifts of several hundred m s−1 due to local atmospheric changes in pressure and temperature. We outline and present results from an innovative differential wavelength calibration method that enables ~m s−1 precision from non-stabilised, high-resolution spectrographs. This technique allows the detection of rocky planets with radial velocity amplitudes of a few m s−1.
A Step Toward Eta-sub-Earth
Authors: Traub Wesley A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Kepler mission observed exoplanet transits for 4 full years (greater than its expected lifetime of 3.5 years) until it became inoperable for its original purpose, as a result of a reaction wheel failure. Kepler was spectacularly successful in its goal of observing exoplanet transits of host star disks for the purpose of measuring the statistics of such transits in its target star sample. The Kepler data, when fully analyzed, will determine the statistics of planets in the underlying population, and in particular the expected number of terrestrial planets in habitable zone orbits per solar-type star, the quantity known as eta-sub-Earth. This report is an initial examination of Kepler's third catalog (Feb. 2012) of planets and candidate planets. I find that the apparent projected value of eta-sub-Earth is several times smaller than I had found from the second catalog, but that the data are now approaching the point where intrinsic biases can be uncovered. When all bias factors are eventually found, it is likely that the true value of eta-sub-Earth will be substantially greater than its current apparent value.
Auto-Vetting Transiting Planet Candidates Identified by the Kepler Pipeline
Authors: Jenkins Jon M. , McCauliff Sean , Burke Christopher , Seader Shawn , Twicken Joseph , Klaus Todd , Sanderfer Dwight , Srivastava Ashok , Haas Michael R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Kepler Mission simultaneously measures the brightness of more than 150,000 stars every 29.4 minutes primarily for the purpose of transit photometry. Over the course of its 3.5-year primary mission Kepler has observed over 190,000 distinct stars, announcing 2,321 planet candidates, 2,165 eclipsing binaries, and 105 confirmed planets. As Kepler moves into its 4-year extended mission, the total number of transit-like features identified in the light curves has increased to as many as ~18,000. This number of signals has become intractable for human beings to inspect by eye in a thorough and timely fashion. To mitigate this problem we are developing machine learning approaches to perform the task of reviewing the diagnostics for each transit signal candidate to establish a preliminary list of planetary candidates ranked from most credible to least credible. Our preliminary results indicate that random forests can classify potential transiting planet signatures with an accuracy of more than 98.6% as measured by the area under a receiver-operating curve.
The Configuration Formation of Planetary Systems Observed by Kepler
Authors: Wang Su , Ji Jianghui 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Kepler mission has found many planetary systems, among them more than 80 systems host three planet candidates which reveal a configuration of near 4:2:1 mean motion resonance. In this paper, we focus on the configuration formation of resonant systems. As shown from our model and N-body simulations, we find that 3:2 mean motion resonance always forms at the early stage of star evolution and planets undergo high rate of migration, while 2:1 mean motion resonance happens at the late stage of the star formation, more often.
On the Planetary Orbital Period Ratio Distribution In Multiple Planet Systems
Authors: Xie Ji-Wei 
Published: April 2014

AbstractMany multiple planet systems have been found by both radial velocity (RV) and transit surveys, such as theKeplermission. Period ratio distribution of these planet candidates show that they do not prefer to be in or near Mean Motion Resonance (MMR). Nevertheless, there are small but significant excesses of candidate pairs both spaced slightly exterior to exact resonance, particular near the first order of MMR, such as 2:1 and 3:2. Here, we first review recent observational constraints on these multiple transiting systems and theoretical models, which attempt to understand their period ratio distributions. Then we identify a statistical effect based on an intrinsic asymmetry associated with MMR, and find it play an important role in shaping the period ratio distribution near MMR. Last but least, we also find such an intrinsic asymmetry is existing in asteroids of our solar system.
Inclinations of Circumbinary Planets: Assembly of Protoplanetary Discs and Secular Binary-Disc Interaction
Authors: Lai Dong , Foucart Francois 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe Kepler satellite has discovered a number of transiting planets around close binary stars. These circumbinary systems have highly aligned planetary and binary orbits. In this paper, we explore how the mutual inclination between the planetary and binary orbits may reflect the physical conditions of the assembly of protoplanetary discs and the interaction between protostellar binaries and circumbinary discs. Given the turbulent nature of star-forming molecular clouds, it is possible that the infalling gas onto the outer region of a circumbinary disc rotates around a different axis compared to the central protostellar binary. Thus, the newly assembled circumbinary disc can be misaligned with respect to the binary. However, the gravitational torque from the binary produces warp and twist in the disc, and the back-reaction torque tends to align the disc and the binary orbital plane. We present a new, analytic calculation of this alignment torque, and show that the binary-disc inclination angle can be reduced appreciably after the binary accretes a few percent of its mass from the disc. Since mass accretion onto the proto-binary is very likely to occur, our calculation suggests that in the absence of other disturbances, circumbinary discs and planets around close (sub-AU) stellar binaries are highly aligned with the binary orbits, while discs and planets around wide binaries can be misaligned.
Trojans in Exosystems with Two Massive Planets
Authors: Dvorak Rudolf , Zhou Li-Yong , Baudisch Helmut 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe take as dynamical model for extrasolar planetary systems a central star like our Sun and two giant planets m1 and m2 like Jupiter and Saturn. We change the mass ratio μ=m2/m1 of the two large planets for a wide range of 1/16 < μ < 16. We also change the ratio between the initial semi-major axes (ν=a2/a1) in the range of 1.2 < ν < 3 to model the different architecture of extrasolar planetary systems hosting two giant planets. The results for possible Trojans (Trojan planets) in the equilateral equilibrium points of the inner planet m1 and the outer planet m2 were derived with the aid of numerical integration. It turned out that in many configurations – depending on the mass ratios μ and the semi-major axes ratio ν – giant planets may host Trojans.
Constraints on the Habitability of Extrasolar Moons
Authors: Heller René , Barnes Rory 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDetections of massive extrasolar moons are shown feasible with the Kepler space telescope. Kepler's findings of about 50 exoplanets in the stellar habitable zone naturally make us wonder about the habitability of their hypothetical moons. Illumination from the planet, eclipses, tidal heating, and tidal locking distinguish remote characterization of exomoons from that of exoplanets. We show how evaluation of an exomoon's habitability is possible based on the parameters accessible by current and near-future technology.