bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multifactorial model of predictors of the development of depressive disorders in multiple sclerosis: a prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Gubskaia K. V. , Malygin Yа. V. , Aleksandrova A. Yu. 
Published: August 2024

Up to 50% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are affected by depression.Objective: to develop a multifactorial model of predictors of depression in MS, considering sociodemographic, clinicopsychopathological and clinicofunctional characteristics.Material and methods. 157 patients with MS and depression were analyzed. The control group consisted of 100 MS patients without depression. The observation period was 10 years. The following scales were used: Beck, MFI-20, Spielberger-Hanin, visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, PASAT test, EDSS. We performed an MRI scan, and identified significant stressful events, the type of MS, clinically isolated and radiologically isolated syndromes, concomitant diseases and the use of MS disease-modifying treatments (DMTs). The diagnosis of depression was made according to the ICD-10 criteria. Multivariate models were developed using analysis of variance and multiple linear regression equation.Results. A multifactorial model of predictors for the development of depression with a high multiple correlation value (r=0.85) was proposed. Factors with pronounced influence on the development of depression were: high rate of progression of MS (Beta=0.879), highly active course of MS (Beta=0.876), asthenia 89.6±1.1 points on the MFI-20 scale with an increase of 1.48% per year (Beta=0.784). Significant factors were: localization of lesions in the frontal, temporal regions of the right hemisphere (Beta=0.742), reactive anxiety 56±2.64 points on the SpielbergerKhanin scale with an increase of 1.89 % per year (Beta=0.682), increase in the area of lesions in the brain by 1.83 % per year (Beta=0.618), multiple lesions in the brain (Beta=0.591). Statistically significant predictors with less influence on the development of depression were: female gender, secondary education, living alone, significant stressful events in the past, autoimmune diseases, depression before the development of MS, depression in close relatives, pain syndrome (6–8 points on VAS). Cognitive impairment, increase in PASAT score of 2.87% per year, body mass index with an increase of 1.61% per year, clinically isolated and radiologically isolated syndromes before the development of MS, age of onset of MS, age of onset of depression, disability indicator according to EDSS, type of MS, comorbidity and medication use are not predictors of depression in MS.Conclusion. A high rate of MS progression, a very active course of MS, an increase in asthenia on the MFI-20 scale, localization of lesions in the frontal and temporal regions of the right hemisphere and an increase in reactive anxiety were identified as important predictors of depression in MS.
Curcumin as an add-on therapy for multiple sclerosis in patients receiving interferon-beta therapy
Authors: Kukushkina A. D. , Rogovskii V. S. , Ponevezhskaya E. V. , Lysogorskaia E. V. , Boyko A. N. 
Published: August 2024

Search for agents for the add-on therapy of multiple sclerosis (MS) that can enhance the effect of first-line MS disease-modifying therapy (DMTs) is a very current issue. Such a boost is needed to reduce the need to switch to second-line DMTs, whose pathogenetic therapy leads to severe side effects in many cases. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, has immunoregulatory properties and a favorable safety profile. At the same time, micellar forms of curcumin can increase its bioavailability.Objective: to investigate the effect of the micellar form of curcumin on clinical parameters in MS patients receiving first-line DMTs.Material and methods. MS patients (n=40) receiving interferon-β (IFNβ) therapy who showed a suboptimal response were randomly divided into two groups, one group received additional therapy (dietary enrichment for 6 months) with curcumin in micellar form, the second group did not receive dietary curcumin. At the beginning and end of the study, the disease activity (clinical and radiological), the degree of disability on the EDSS scale, the severity of chronic fatigue on the MFIS scale, the quality of life on the SF-36 scale and the level of cytokines (interleukin 6 and IFNγ) in the blood plasma were determined. Adverse events were also recorded during the observation period and the safety of the therapy was assessed based on the results of general and biochemical blood tests.Results. In the group of patients whose diet was enriched with curcumin, quality of life indicators improved both in the physical component (from 50.2±6.4 to 52.5±6.8; p=0.03) and in the psychological component (from 42.9±15.9 to 45.6±15.5; p=0.02). In the group receiving curcumin, the proportion of patients with exacerbations over 6 months also decreased – from 45 to 9 % (p=0.01). After 6 months of dietary enrichment, lower plasma levels of IFNγ were observed in patients receiving curcumin than in the group without dietary enrichment. No adverse events were noted during the observation period.Conclusion. The preliminary results allow us to consider micellar forms of curcumin, which have an acceptable tolerability and safety profile, as a potential additional method to increase the efficacy of first-line DMTs in MS patients with suboptimal response to IFNβ.
Development of AMBER-compliant transferable force field parameters for polytetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Kaya Orhan , Oztekin Alparslan , Webb Edmund B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNew transferable parameters for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) compatible with the Assisted Model Building with Energy Refinement (AMBER) force field were developed by including many conformational states to improve accuracy. The Austin–Frisch–Petersson functional with dispersion hybrid density functional theory, advantageous for treating dispersion, was used to obtain quantum mechanical reference data. The restrained electrostatic potential method was used to compute the partial charges. The bonds, angles, and dihedral parameters were obtained via Paramfit software fitted to quantum mechanical data. The optimization of van der Waals parameters was obtained in the condensed phase through molecular dynamics simulations and the simplex method. These parameters were transferred to various molecular weights of PTFE assembly systems to calculate the density, radial distribution functions, power spectrum, and specific heat capacity. The highest percent error in density was 1.4% for the modeled PTFE ensembles. The calculated vibrational spectrum peaks closely matched experimental peaks with a maximum wavenumber deviation of 19 cm⁻¹. The highest percent error to specific heat capacity was 5%. These results represent a significant improvement over pre-existing potentials in the literature and provide parameters that can be used to model PTFE in many existing simulation codes.
Regional Industrial Effects in Germany from a Potential Gas Deficit
Authors: Lehmann Robert , Schult Christoph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We estimate potential regional industrial effects in case of a threatening gas deficit. For Germany, the reduction leads to a potential decrease in industrial value added by 1.6 %. The heterogeneity across German states is remarkable, ranging from 2.2 % for Rhineland-Palatinate to 0.7 % for Hamburg. We emphasize the need for regional input-output tables to conduct economic analysis on a sub-national level, particularly when regional industrial structures are heterogeneous. The approximation with national figures can lead to results that differ both in magnitude and relative regional exposure. Our findings highlight that more accurate policy guidance can be achieved by improving the regional database.
The Revised Product Liability Directive: A Law and Economics Analysis
Authors: Li Shu , Faure Michael 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
On 12 March 2024, the European Parliament adopted the text for revising the current Product Liability Directive (revised PLD), which was implemented in 1985. The revised PLD adapted the rules for the damage caused by defective products for the challenges from digitalisation, the circular economy and international supply chains. In particular, the new rules aim to ensure that new technologies, such as AI, could be well reflected, so that residents in the European Union could be effectively protected. Conventionally, a law and economics analysis has played a crucial role in shaping product liability. The objective of this paper is to discuss the major changes in the revised PLD via the lens of insights of law and economics. In specific, we focus on the influence of these changes on multiple key elements, including deterrence effect, risk-shifting and local preferences.
Analytical and numerical studies of a cancer invasion model with nonlocal diffusion
Authors: Manimaran Jeyaraj , Baskar Annamalai , Parthiban Venugopal , Shangerganesh Lingeshwaran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article investigates the implicit Euler–Galerkin finite element method applied to a cancer invasion model with nonlocal diffusion. This model describes the normal cell density, tumor cell density, excess H
+ ion concentration, extracellular matrix, and extracellular matrix active metalloproteinases. The primary goal of this work is to utilize numerical solutions to comprehend cancer invasion and transmission within the patient. The Faedo–Galerkin approximation method is initially used to establish the existence of a weak solution, followed by deriving the a priori error estimates of optimal order. Additionally, the implicit Euler–Galerkin finite element method is employed as a numerical tool for solving the given cancer invasion parabolic system. Furthermore, a priori error bounds and convergence estimates for the fully discrete problem are derived. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to validate the theoretical conclusions and enhance the understanding of how cancer spreads within the patient.
Effect of pre-hydrolysis on the dissolution of hardwood pulp in double salt ionic liquid
Authors: Rahman M. Mahbubur , Susan Md. Abu Bin Hasan , Islam Md. Mominul , Jahan M. Sarwar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) are potentially alternative solvents for cellulose dissolution. In this article, effect of hemicellulose in cellulose dissolution in ILs and the regeneration process were investigated. Hardwood pulps were produced by kraft (KP) and pre-hydrolysis kraft (PHKP) processes. The α-cellulose and residual pentosan contents were 95.6 % and 4.2 % in PHKP and 84.3 % and 9.9 % in KP, respectively. Both pulps were dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride [C4mim]Cl, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate [C4mim]CH3CO2 and their double salt (DSIL), [C4mim](CH3CO2)0.6Cl0.4 at 90 °C. It was observed that PHKP had slightly higher solubility in both ILs and DSIL. The dissolved pulps were regenerated by water and characterized by FTIR, TGA, X-ray diffraction, and viscosity. Regenerated pulp film formed smooth and homogenous surface. The viscosity of regenerated PHKP was higher than the original PHKP, which affected the strength of the produced cellulose film. As observed in FTIR, the regenerated cellulose showed a stronger absorption band at 1,647 cm−1 corresponding to the C–O stretching vibration of C–O–H. The crystalline structures of regenerated KP and PHKP from [C4mim](CH3CO2)0.6Cl0.4 changed to cellulose II form from the original cellulose I form.
The collaboratively selective uranyl adsorption of marine fungal modification biosorbent linked by the open-chain polyether terminal with amidoxime
Authors: Ye Qiaorong , Zeng Chensi , Gong Yanfang , Qi Chenxi , Zeng Xianghua , Tan Ni 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To further improve the uranyl adsorption capacity and the selectivity adsorption ability of marine fungus ZZF51 from Zhanjiang sea area in China, its two new modification biosorbents (ZTBA/ZTDA) linked by the open-chain polyether terminal with two/one amidoxime unit(s) on mycelium were designed according to the synthesis process of etherification, sulfonylation, substitution, and amidoximation. By the reasonable characterization of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was confirmed that the above target materials were successfully prepared. The relevant experiments showed that both of ZTBA and ZTDA had not only the excellent uranium (VI) adsorption performance with the maximum adsorption capacity of 525.7 mg g−1 and 465.7 mg g−1, respectively, but also the better uranyl adsorption selectivity when in the simulated wastewater containing the various ions of UO2
2+, Th4+, Ba2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, and Ca2+. In addition, the selectivity analysis explored the longer polyether in the middle bridge and the more number of terminal amidoxime unit could synergistically improve their uranyl adsorption capacity and selectivity performance. Surely, the adsorption isotherm/kinetics models, the Gibbs free energy analysis, and the favourable reusability of the target materials were also discussed in this study in detail.
Nourishment beyond grains: unveiling the multifaceted contributions of millets to United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Kumar Akash , Pramanik Jhilam , Jangra Aarzoo , Prajapati Bhupendra , Kumar Shiv , Mehra Rahul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
United Nations General Assembly declared that 2023 will be celebrated as the International Year of Millets. Millets are a group of coarse grains from the Poaceae family that offer numerous benefits that align with various United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). This review explores diverse contributions of millet cultivation, consumption, and value addition with UN SDGs. The millets help in combating hunger by providing economical sources of essential nutrients and diversifying diets, improving health through mitigating malnutrition and diet-related diseases. Millet’s lower water demand and resilience to climatic stress help in sustainable water management. Millets reduce the risks associated with monoculture farming and promote sustainable agricultural practices. Similarly, millet plants need few chemical fertilizers, and the ecological damage associated with these plants is minimized. Millets can prevent soil degradation and conserve biodiversity. They can adapt to diverse cropping systems and support sustainable land practices. Millet cultivation reduces inequalities by empowering smallholder farmers and maintaining economic balance. The cultivation and trading of millets promote partnerships among governments, NGOs, and businesses for sustainable development. The ability of millet to contribute to poverty reduction, hunger alleviation, health improvement, environmental sustainability, and economic development makes millet a sustainable choice for a better world.
The 16 September 2023 Greenland Megatsunami: Analysis and Modeling of the Source and a Week-Long, Monochromatic Seismic Signal
Authors: Carrillo-Ponce Angela , Heimann Sebastian , Petersen Gesa M. , Walter Thomas R. , Cesca Simone , Dahm Torsten 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
On 16 September 2023, a cascade of events occurred in East Greenland, involving a large tsunami that hit a military unit. Here, we use seismic waveform data recorded on regional to global scales and compare to high-resolution satellite images to learn about the cascade of events. We find two distinct seismic signals and develop a conceptual and physical model explaining the observations: initially, the high-energy seismic signals (0.02–0.06 Hz) occurred, followed by an over one-week-long monochromatic signal (0.0109 Hz) recorded even at 5000 km distance. Our single force (SF) inversions characterize both an initial rockslide and the one-week-long seiche oscillation processes. The rockslide signal is well reproduced by west and downward SF, with an orientation consistent with observations on satellite imagery. The amplitude decay of the week-long oscillation, stacked at three teleseismic arrays, is fitted with a damped oscillator model. Using a simple analytical model of water seiching in a narrow fjord, we can explain the force direction and frequency consistent with the results from SF inversion.
Redefining evaluation: Programmatic assessment in Indian medical education
Authors: Singh Rajkumar Arbind 
Published: August 2024

Programmatic assessment represents a modern approach to evaluation and learning, emphasizing continuous data collection and analysis of a learner's skills and development. This method integrates various assessment tools to provide comprehensive feedback, supporting both learners and mentors in making informed decisions. Unlike traditional methods that focus heavily on summative evaluations and knowledge acquisition, programmatic assessment aims to holistically assess competencies, including affective and practical skills. This review explores the principles of programmatic assessment, particularly within the context of medical education in India, where it addresses the shortcomings of traditional curricula by offering meaningful feedback and fostering self-directed learning.A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, focusing on articles published between 2010 and 2023. The findings indicate that programmatic assessment is being increasingly adopted by medical schools globally, enhancing learning through continuous feedback and data-driven decisions. Various assessment methods, such as multiple-choice questions, essays, practical exams, and workplace-based assessments, are used to evaluate a student's overall competence comprehensively. The approach aligns with competency-based education models, emphasizing continuous learning progression and reflective practices.Programmatic assessment encourages interdisciplinary collaboration and strengthens the educational framework by integrating multiple low-stakes assessments that contribute to high-stakes decisions. This method provides a dynamic and holistic evaluation system that prepares students for their future roles in healthcare by ensuring that assessments are both meaningful and developmentally supportive. As Indian medical education evolves to meet global standards, programmatic assessment offers a viable solution for achieving high-quality, competency-based education, fostering continuous improvement, and preparing students for lifelong learning and professional practice.
Analyzing FDA form 483 data of 2023: Identifying trends and areas of concern in regulatory compliance
Authors: Mahfuz ul Alam ABM 
Published: August 2024

This study scrutinizes a dataset originating from the FDA's Form 483 to discern nuanced trends and areas of concern within the realm of regulatory compliance. The dataset encompasses 1983 observations categorized across ten subparts, allowing for a quantitative evaluation of prevalent issues in each section. Subparts J, F, and I emerge prominently, collectively constituting 53.8% of all observations, indicating their significance in regulatory oversight.The analysis provides specific quantitative values that shed light on the severity and repetition of observed issues. Subpart J stands out with the highest single repetition, registering at 114, suggesting persistent challenges that warrant close attention. Furthermore, the sum of the top three observations, totaling 1067 across Subparts J, F, and I, highlights the cumulative impact of these areas on overall compliance.This quantitative approach contributes to a nuanced understanding of compliance challenges, allowing stakeholders to strategically allocate resources. The study emphasizes the need for targeted interventions, particularly in Subparts J, F, and I, where elevated counts and percentages signal potential systemic issues. The concentration of observations in the top three subparts underscores the importance of collaborative efforts among stakeholders to proactively address and rectify these challenges, fostering sustained improvements in regulatory compliance and upholding the integrity of FDA-regulated products.
Single Step Transformation of Urea into Metal-Free g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Nanoflakes for Visible-Light Photocatalytic Degradation of Crystal Violet Dye
Authors: Nikitha M. , Kottam Nagaraju , Smrithi S. P. , Devendra Bharath K. , Prasannakumar S. G. , Prasanth G. 
Published: August 2024

The danger that dyes pose to the biosphere is a worry for the entire planet. So, it is essential to remove these colors using the appropriate methods from the aquatic system. The best and most efficient approach for removing colors from water and wastewater is photodegradation utilizing graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4). The photocatalytic activity of the g-C3N4 nanoflakes down the visible light was examined in the current work using crystal violet dye. Due to its high efficiency, visible light radiation is typically used to photodegrade dyes. The environmentally benign molecular precursor urea was employed to initiate a single-step pyrolysis procedure that yielded g-C3N4 nanoflakes. The efficiency of the urea conversion process was determined at 550 °C. X-ray diffraction analysis has confirmed the graphitic phase of the synthesized carbon nitride material. The layered structure of the sp2 hybridized carbon and nitrogen bonding characteristics is confirmed by FT-IR analysis. The synthesized g-C3N4 has a nanosheet like morphology according to HRTEM analysis. g-C3N4 showed enhanced photocatalytic activity resulting in 97 % mineralisation of Crystal Violet (CV) dye and also compared its efficacy with dye concentration. All photocatalytic behavior was analysed by using a UV–Visible spectrophotometer.
Peran Tim Pencegahan dan Penanganan Kekerasan (Tppk) dalam Implementasi Sekolah Ramah Anak (SRA) Jenjang PAUD Se-Kecamatan Tandes Kota Surabaya
Authors: Setiyono Agus , Imron Arifin  , Pramono  , Eny Nur Aisyah  , Prastyo Danang , Iftitah Selfi Lailiyatul 
Published: August 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran TPPK (Tim Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Kekerasan) dalam implementasi Sekolah Ramah Anak(SRA) jenjang pendidikan anak usia dini di Kecamatan Tandes Kota Surabaya . Penelitian menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif. . teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara serta dokumentasi. Data-data yang diperoleh dilakukan dengan bantuan penelltian lapangan dan tinjauan pustaka dengan menggunakan . Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peran TPPK dalam implementasi sekolah ramah anak pada anak usia dini di Kecamatan Tandes Kota Surabaya cukup baik. Dalam praktiknya, peran warga TPPK dalam kegiatan pendidikan sesuai prinsip Sekolah Ramah Anak. Hal ini terbukti dari hasil observasi serta dokumen yang dilakukan pada seluruh tingkatan satuan PAUD di Kecamatan Tandes Surabaya. Observasi dan dokumentasi peneliti terfokus pada peran TPPK, program aksi serta penggunaan sarana dan prasarana pada satuan pendidikan anak usia dini, pelaksanaan metode pengajaran, sikap terhadap peserta didik dan kesehatan lingkungan pada satuan pendidikan anak usia dini di kecamatan Tandes kota surabaya yang disusun sedemikian rupa sehingga mendukung aktivitas anak baik jasmani dan rohani. Penerapan metode pembelajaran yang dirancang serta disiapkan oleh TPPK saja, khususnya guru sebagai pemimpin dalam proses pembelajaran, tidak dapat terlaksana secara maksimal karena berbagai alasan. Di samping itu, guru cukup bervariasi menggunakan metode pengajaran sesuai dengan materi serta lingkungan dan permainan yang mendukung dalam penyampaian materi , serta adanya komunikasi antara guru dengan siswa yang cukup aktif.