bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anemia as a useful biomarker in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with R‐CHOP immunochemotherapy
Authors: Hong Junshik , Woo Hyun Seon , Kim Hyunchul , Ahn Hee Kyung , Sym Sun Jin , Park Jinny , Ahn Jeong Yeal , Cho Eun Kyung , Shin Dong Bok , Lee Jae Hoon 
Published: September 2014

The aim of the current study is to evaluate the prognostic value of anemia, an easily estimable parameter in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (R‐CHOP) immunochemotherapy. A total of 157 patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with ≥1 cycle of R‐CHOP were included. Hemoglobin level without red cell transfusion within 7 days of initiation of treatment was chosen as a parameter of baseline cancer‐induced anemia. To investigate the clinical significance of chemotherapy‐induced anemia and its recovery after completion of treatment, 87 patients in complete remission for ≥6 months from the time of the last cycle of R‐CHOP were grouped and analyzed separately. Patients with a cancer‐induced anemia of hemoglobin <10 g/dL showed inferior event‐free and disease‐free survival compared to those with hemoglobin ≥10 g/dL. This finding was observed irrespective of the status of pre‐treatment bone marrow involvement. In multivariate analysis, hemoglobin <10 g/dL was found to be an international prognostic index‐independent prognostic factor. Risk of relapse was significantly higher for patients who were still anemic at 6 months after R‐CHOP, compared to those who achieved complete recovery from chemotherapy‐induced anemia within 6 months.
Social functioning and mental health among children who have been living in kinship and non‐kinship foster care: results from an 8‐year follow‐up with a Norwegian sample
Authors: Vis Svein Arild , Handegård Bjørn Helge , Holtan Amy , Fossum Sturla , Thørnblad Renee 
Published: September 2014

AbstractStudies have shown relatively high rates of emotional and behavioural problems among children living in out‐of‐home care. This study reports the prevalence of social problems at an 8‐year follow‐up for a group of children/young adults. Predictors for prevalence and change in emotional and behavioural problems at the follow‐up are examined. A prospective cohort design with 233 children who had been living in foster care was used. Forty‐eight per cent (n = 111) of those interviewed at baseline were located and interviewed at follow‐up. Mean age was 17.4 (standard deviation = 2.9) years. Mental health symptomatology was measured with Child Behaviour Checklist and Adult Self‐Report. Linear and generalized mixed model analyses were used. Changes in internalizing and externalizing problems from baseline to follow‐up was associated with gender. Boys showed more problems at a young age, whereas girls developed more problems later. Predictors for social problems at follow‐up were mental health at baseline, kinship care and care placement away from the local community.
Home sweet home? Professionals' understanding of ‘home’ within residential care for unaccompanied youths in Sweden
Authors: Söderqvist Åsa , Sjöblom Yvonne , Bülow Pia 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe number of unaccompanied minors arriving in Sweden continues to rise. The majority are placed in residential care units. This qualitative study aims to increase the understanding given by the professionals to the concept of ‘home’ within the framework of residential care for unaccompanied young people. Data are based on participatory observations at two residential care units, followed up by individual interviews with staff. The findings confirm that the concept of home has a complex meaning involving both objective aspects such as physical buildings, and more subjective components that can be seen as state of mind. The staff's desire to offer an ‘ordinary home’ fails because of the surveillance, their dominant positions and especially due to the legal restrictions that were not initially meant for this target group. Unaccompanied young people have to be considered based on their own specific needs in order to make it possible for society to offer the most suitable care.
Gross Motor Function Measure‐66 trajectories in children recovering after severe acquired brain injury
Authors: Kelly Gemma , Mobbs Sue , Pritkin Joshua N , Mayston Margaret , Mather Michael , Rosenbaum Peter , Henderson Robin , Forsyth Rob 
Published: September 2014

AimTo explore the appropriateness of using the interval‐scale version of the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM‐66) in paediatric acquired brain injury (ABI), and to characterizeGMFM‐66 recovery trajectories and factors that affect them.MethodAn observational study of gross motor recovery trajectories during rehabilitation at a single specialist paediatric in‐patient rehabilitation centre using repeatedGMFM‐66 observations. The cohort comprised children rehabilitating after severeABIof various causes.ResultsA total of 287GMFMobservations were made on 74 children (45 males, 29 females; age‐at‐injury range 0.3–17.3y, median age 11.3y, interquartile range 6.6–15.0y). Differences in item‐difficulty estimates between this sample and the cerebral palsy population in which theGMFM‐66 was initially developed are not detectable at this sample size. Changes inGMFMover time show lag‐exponential forms. Children sustaining hypoxic–ischaemic injuries made the slowest and least complete recoveries. Older children made faster gross motor recoveries after controlling for aetiology. The time at which gross motor ability began to rise coincided approximately with admission to the rehabilitation facility.InterpretationAetiology is strongly associated with gross motor recovery afterABI. Younger age at injury was associated with slower recovery. Comparable item‐difficulty scores in this sample and in the cerebral palsy population suggest comparable sequences of gross motor ability reacquisition.
Tonic glutamate in CA1 of aging rats correlates with phasic glutamate dysregulation during seizure
Authors: Stephens Michelle L. , Williamson Anne , Deel Megan E. , Bensalem‐Owen Meriem , Davis Verda A. , Slevin John , Pomerleau Francois , Huettl Peter , Gerhardt Greg A. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryObjectiveCharacterize glutamate neurotransmission in the hippocampus of awake‐behaving rodents during focal seizures in a model of aging.MethodsWe used enzyme‐based ceramic microelectrode array technology to measure in vivo extracellular tonic glutamate levels and real‐time phasic glutamate release and clearance events in the hippocampus of awake Fischer 344 rats. Local application of 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) into the CA1 region was used to induce focal motor seizures in different animal age groups representing young, late‐middle aged and elderly humans.ResultsRats with the highest preseizure tonic glutamate levels (all in late‐middle aged or elderly groups) experienced the most persistent 4‐AP‐induced focal seizure motor activity (wet dog shakes) and greatest degree of acute seizure‐associated disruption of glutamate neurotransmission measured as rapid transient changes in extracellular glutamate levels.SignificanceIncreased seizure susceptibility was demonstrated in the rats with the highest baseline hippocampal extracellular glutamate levels, all of which were late‐middle aged or aged animals. The manifestation of seizures behaviorally was associated with dynamic changes in glutamate neurotransmission. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a relationship between seizure susceptibility and alterations in both baseline tonic and phasic glutamate neurotransmission.
Continuous EEG monitoring: A survey of neurophysiologists and neurointensivists
Authors: Gavvala Jay , Abend Nicholas , LaRoche Suzette , Hahn Cecil , Herman Susan T. , Claassen Jan , Macken Mícheál , Schuele Stephan , Gerard Elizabeth ,   the Critical Care EEG Monitoring Research Consortium (CCEMRC)
Published: September 2014

SummaryObjectiveContinuous EEG monitoring (cEEG) of critically ill adults is being used with increasing frequency, and practice guidelines on indications for cEEG monitoring have recently been published. However, data describing the current practice of cEEG in critically ill adults is limited. We aimed to describe the current practice of cEEG monitoring in adults in the United States.MethodsA survey assessing cEEG indications and procedures was sent to one intensivist and one neurophysiologist responsible for intensive care unit (ICU) cEEG at 151 institutions in the United States. At some institutions only one physician could be identified.ResultsOne hundred thirty‐seven physicians from 97 institutions completed the survey. Continuous EEG is utilized by nearly all respondents to detect nonconvulsive seizures (NCS) in patients with altered mental status following clinical seizures, intra cerebral hemorrhage (ICH), traumatic brain injury, and cardiac arrest, as well as to characterize abnormal movements suspected to be seizures. The majority of physicians monitor comatose patients for 24–48 h. In an ideal situation with unlimited resources, 18% of respondents would increase cEEG duration. Eighty‐six percent of institutions have an on‐call EEG technologist available 24/7 for new patient hookups, but only 26% have technologists available 24/7 in‐house. There is substantial variability in who reviews EEG and how frequently it is reviewed as well as use of quantitative EEG.SignificanceAlthough there is general agreement regarding the indications for ICU cEEG, there is substantial interinstitutional variability in how the procedure is performed.
VHCF properties of nitrided 18Ni maraging steel thin sheets with different Co and Ti content
Authors: Schuller R. , Fitzka M. , Irrasch D. , Tran D. , Pennings B. , Mayer H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHigh cycle fatigue (HCF) and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) properties of two 18Ni maraging steels with different cobalt and titanium content and similar static strength are investigated. Ultrasonic fatigue tests are performed with thin sheets with nitrided surfaces at load ratio R = 0.1. The specimens are mounted on a carrier and are forced to joint vibrations at approximately 20 kHz. The increase of Co content and the elimination of Ti improved the HCF and VHCF strength of 18Ni maraging steel. TiN inclusions if Ti is present and Al2O3 inclusions in the Ti free material with sizes (areaINC)1/2 smaller than 10 µm were preferential crack initiation locations. Considering inclusions as initial cracks, the minimum stress intensity range for VHCF failure is 1.2 MPam1/2 for TiN inclusions and 1.8 MPam1/2 for Al2O3 inclusions. Data scatter may be slightly reduced if lifetimes are presented versus stress amplitudes multiplied by (areaINC)1/12 rather than in an S–N diagram.
Relationships between lotic macroinvertebrate traits and responses to extreme drought
Authors: Chessman Bruce C. 
Published: September 2014

Summary

The prospect of increasing drought intensity in many river basins under climate change threatens the persistence of vulnerable freshwater species. Understanding how the traits of each species affect its resistance and resilience to drought may help to identify those species at most risk and elucidate the mechanisms by which impacts occur.

I analysed macroinvertebrate monitoring data collected from rivers across Australia's Murray–Darling Basin (>106 km2) during the middle and later stages of the recent decade‐long Millennium Drought and the initial post‐drought period. I tested the ability of eight traits, expressing aspects of life history, diet and environmental tolerance, to explain changes in the broad‐scale prevalence (the proportion of sites with observed presence) of macroinvertebrate families during and after the drought.

The rate of basin‐scale change in the riverine macroinvertebrate assemblage was least in the final stages of the drought. Immediately after the drought, the assemblage did not shift back towards its mid‐drought state but instead moved further away. Eleven families that had a statistically significant fall in prevalence during the drought did not increase afterwards.

Negative responses to drought were associated with slower maturation, absence of atmospheric respiration, high rheophily and low thermophily. Positive responses to cessation of drought were associated with having a holometabolous life cycle, greater requirements for dissolved oxygen, high rheophily and low thermophily.

Because several traits were related to drought vulnerability, management to mitigate the adverse ecological effects of future droughts should consider a number of mechanisms by which drought has an effect. These include a loss of flowing water that supports rheophilous species, inadequate duration of wetting for species with a long aquatic phase, and effects of high temperature and hypoxia on species requiring cool conditions and well‐aerated water.

A revival of research on the life histories of freshwater invertebrate species and more information on oxygen requirements and temperature and desiccation tolerance are needed to improve our ability to predict the effects of drought.
TPX2 as a novel prognostic biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Qingquan , Tu Kangsheng , Zhang Hongyong , Zheng Xin , Yao Yingmin , Liu Qingguang 
Published: September 2014

AimTargeting protein for Xenopus kinesin‐like protein 2 (TPX2) is a microtubule‐associated protein that impacts spindle assembly in human cells. Several studies have shown that the overexpression of TPX2 is correlated with multiple tumor types. However, the role of TPX2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains undetermined.MethodsTPX2 expression was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting in six cell lines and 130 pairs of HCC and adjacent non‐cancerous liver tissues. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry to evaluate their correlations with TXP2. TPX2 siRNA was used to knock down TPX2 expression, and cell migration and invasion were determined. Moreover, clinical significance of TPX2 in HCC was analyzed.ResultsTPX2 expression was found to be obviously higher in HCC tissues than that in non‐tumor tissues. Elevated TPX2 expression was observed in HCC cell lines as compared with that in a non‐transformed hepatic cell line. Clinical analysis indicated that TPX2 expression in the HCC tissues was evidently correlated with the tumor–node–metastasis stage, tumor number and tumor differentiation. TPX2 is a novel prognostic marker for predicting 5‐year overall survival and disease‐free survival of HCC patients. TPX2 expression was positively correlated with MMP2 and MMP9. In vitro studies found that TPX2 knockdown prominently reduced cell invasion and migration and decreased phosphorylated AKT, MMP2 and MMP9 expression in MHCC‐97H cells.ConclusionOverexpression of TPX2 was associated with clinicopathological characteristics and poor patient outcomes. TPX2 may serve as a novel prognostic marker for HCC.
An exploratory mixed‐methods crossover study comparing DVD‐ vs. Web‐based patient decision support in three conditions: The importance of patient perspectives
Authors: Halley Meghan C. , Rendle Katharine A.S. , Gillespie Katherine A. , Stanley Katherine M. , Frosch Dominick L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe last 15 years have witnessed considerable progress in the development of decision support interventions (DESIs). However, fundamental questions about design and format of delivery remain.MethodsAn exploratory, randomized mixed‐method crossover study was conducted to compare a DVD‐ and Web‐based DESI. Randomized participants used either the Web or the DVD first, followed by the alternative format. Participants completed a questionnaire to assess decision‐specific knowledge at baseline and a questionnaire and structured qualitative interview after viewing each format. Tracking software was used to capture Web utilization. Transcripts were analyzed using integrated inductive and deductive approaches. Quantitative data were analyzed using exploratory bivariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsExploratory knowledge analyses suggest that both formats increased knowledge, with limited evidence that the DVD increased knowledge more than the Web. Format preference varied across participants: 44% preferred the Web, 32% preferred the DVD and 24% preferred ‘both’. Patient discussions of preferences for DESI information structure and the importance of a patients’ stage of a given decision suggest these characteristics may be important factors underlying variation in utilization, format preferences and knowledge outcomes.ConclusionsOur results suggest that both DESI formats effectively increase knowledge. Patients’ perceptions of these two formats further suggest that there may be no single ‘best’ format for all patients. These results have important implications for understanding why different DESI formats might be preferable to and more effective for different patients. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between these factors and DESI utilization outcomes across diverse patient populations.
Pre‐clinical endodontic training with artificial instead of extracted human teeth: does the type of exercise have an influence on clinical endodontic outcomes?
Authors: Tchorz J. P. , Brandl M. , Ganter P. A. , Karygianni L. , Polydorou O. , Vach K. , Hellwig E. , Altenburger M. J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether artificial resin teeth could replace extracted human teeth in pre‐clinical endodontic training and if this teaching approach influences the outcome of root canal treatment on patients.MethodologyIn a pre‐clinical training course, students of group 1 (n = 44) performed simulated endodontic exercises on four plastic blocks and three extracted human teeth. Students of group 2 (n = 45) performed their exercises on plastic blocks and artificial resin teeth (Real‐T Endo, Acadental, Lenexa, KS, USA). Both groups performed their first root canal treatments on patients in the following term. Radiographs taken during root canal treatment were used for the evaluation of treatment outcome. Distances between the master cone or the root filling and the radiographic apex as well as iatrogenic errors were assessed, and comparisons were made using Fischer's exact test.ResultsIn the pre‐clinical course root canal treatments performed by students of group 2 were more often classified as acceptable and a higher number of iatrogenic errors were observed in group 1. When root canal treatments were performed on patients for the first time, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of radiographic technical quality of root fillings.ConclusionsThe application of artificial teeth instead of extracted human teeth had no effect on the technical quality of root fillings in terms of position in relation to the root apex or the creation of aberrations.
Immunological mechanisms contributing to the double burden of diabetes and intracellular bacterial infections
Authors: Hodgson Kelly , Morris Jodie , Bridson Tahnee , Govan Brenda , Rush Catherine , Ketheesan Natkunam 
Published: September 2014

SummaryDiabetes has been recognized as an important risk factor for a variety of intracellular bacterial infections, but research into the dysregulated immune mechanisms contributing to the impaired host–pathogen interactions is in its infancy. Diabetes is characterized by a chronic state of low‐grade inflammation due to activation of pro‐inflammatory mediators and increased formation of advanced glycation end products. Increased oxidative stress also exacerbates the chronic inflammatory processes observed in diabetes. The reduced phagocytic and antibacterial activity of neutrophils and macrophages provides an intracellular niche for the pathogen to replicate. Phagocytic and antibacterial dysfunction may be mediated directly through altered glucose metabolism and oxidative stress. Furthermore, impaired activation of natural killer cells contributes to decreased levels of interferon‐γ, required for promoting macrophage antibacterial mechanisms. Together with impaired dendritic cell function, this impedes timely activation of adaptive immune responses. Increased intracellular oxidation of antigen‐presenting cells in individuals with diabetes alters the cytokine profile generated and the subsequent balance of T‐cell immunity. The establishment of acute intracellular bacterial infections in the diabetic host is associated with impaired T‐cell‐mediated immune responses. Concomitant to the greater intracellular bacterial burden and potential cumulative effect of chronic inflammatory processes, late hyper‐inflammatory cytokine responses are often observed in individuals with diabetes, contributing to systemic pathology. The convergence of intracellular bacterial infections and diabetes poses new challenges for immunologists, providing the impetus for multidisciplinary research.
Interleukin‐17 regulates the expressions of RANKL and OPG in human periodontal ligament cells via TRAF6/TBK1‐JNK/NF‐κB pathways
Authors: Lin Danping , Li Lu , Sun Ying , Wang Weidong , Wang Xiaoqian , Ye Yu , Chen Xu , Xu Yan 
Published: September 2014

SummaryInterleukin‐17 (IL‐17 or IL‐17A), a pleiotropic cytokine produced by T helper type 17 cells, is involved in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, including periodontitis. Although the ability of pro‐inflammation in periodontitis has been widely investigated, the other biological functions of IL‐17, including its role in bone remodelling and the underlying molecular mechanisms, have not been well clarified. In the present study, IL‐17 could significantly enhance the expression of receptor activator for nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL) and inhibit the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) in human periodontal ligament cells, the two critical indicators for osteoclastogenesis, suggesting that IL‐17 may play a destructive role in the pathogenesis of periodontal bone remodelling. Pharmaceutical signal inhibitors targeted at mitogen‐activated protein kinases, Akt or nuclear factor‐κB signals, inhibited IL‐17‐induced RANKL and OPG regulation. Notably, the enhancement of RANKL was significantly blocked by the inhibitors of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and nuclear factor‐κB signals. The upstream signals were further investigated with the small interfering RNA. Both tumour necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 6 and TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) family member‐associated nuclear factor κ‐light‐chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) activator (TANK)‐ binding kinase 1 were found to be the critical signal molecules for IL‐17‐dependent RANKL regulation in human periodontal ligament cells. These findings may provide comprehensive understanding of the role of IL‐17 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and might also provide a reasonable route for periodontitis therapy.