bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Axial beanspruchte Holzschrauben in Vollholz, Brettschichtholz und Brettsperrholz
Authors: Ringhofer Andreas , Brandner Reinhard , Flatscher Georg , Schickhofer Gerhard 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDieser Fachaufsatz behandelt das Tragverhalten axial beanspruchter, selbstbohrender Holzschrauben in den geschichteten, brettbasierenden Holzwerkstoffen Brettschichtholz und Brettsperrholz bzw. in Vollholz. Mit Fokus auf den Versagensmechanismus “Herausziehen” wird auf Basis zahlreicher Untersuchungen in der Vergangenheit ein neues universelles Modell zur Bestimmung der Ausziehfestigkeit formuliert, welches mittels multiplikativem Ansatz eigens definierter k‐Faktoren bzw. k‐Funktionen in der Lage ist, die große Bandbreite an unterschiedlichen Einbausituationen in den betreffenden Holzwerkstoffen abzubilden. Eine Verifizierung dieses Modells erfolgt anschließend unter Zugrundelegung einer umfangreichen Sammlung an Prüfdaten, vergleichbarer Ansätze aus der Literatur und Prüfergebnissen von Schraubenverbindungen in Form von Brettsperrholz‐Wand‐Decken‐ bzw.‐Wand‐Wand‐Anschlüssen. Abschließend wird ein Ansatz zur Bestimmung des charakteristischen Wertes der Ausziehfestigkeit für die Anwendung in der Praxis abgeleitet, diskutiert und erneut den Prüfergebnissen gegenübergestellt.Axially loaded screws in solid timber, glued laminated timber and cross laminated timberThis paper concentrates on the bearing behavior of axially loaded self‐tapping screws in solid timber and the board‐composed, layered timber products glued laminated timber and cross laminated timber. Focusing on withdrawal failure mode and basing on numerous investigations done in the past, we formulate a new and universal approach including multiplicative k‐factors or k‐functions for determining the withdrawal strength of self‐tapping screws variably situated in these products. Consequently, we verify the new model with results gained from several test series related, approaches given in the literature and test results of CLT‐wall‐to‐floor and ‐wall‐to‐wall connections. Finally, we determine, discuss and verify a characteristic function provided for practical application.
Konzeption von Teilsicherheitsfaktoren für Verstärkungen von Biegequerschnitten mittels Carbonbeton
Authors: Häußler‐Combe Ulrich , Jesse Frank , Weselek Jörg 
Published: November 2015

AbstractZur Verstärkung von Stahlbetontragwerken stehen verschiedene Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften entsprechender Materialien unterliegen grundsätzlich in gleicher Weise Streuungen wie konventioneller Beton und Betonstahl und beeinflussen damit auch das Streuverhalten der Widerstandsseite insgesamt. Im Rahmen des semiprobabilistischen Sicherheitskonzepts sind damit geeignete Teilsicherheitsfaktoren für die Verstärkungsmaterialien festzulegen. Der vorliegende Beitrag entwickelt dazu zunächst ein probabilistisches Modell für mit Carbonbeton verstärkte Biegequerschnitte. Auf der Grundlage dieses Modells wird das Sicherheitsniveau abgeschätzt, welches in Abhängigkeit vom Teilsicherheitsfaktor des Verstärkungsmaterials mit dem konventionellen semiprobabilistischen Sicherheitskonzept erreicht wird. Damit soll auch für neue innovative Bauweisen, für die bisher keine umfangreichen Anwendungserfahrungen vorliegen, ein Weg zur Bestimmung von Teilsicherheitsfaktoren beschrieben werden, welche einerseits deren Tragfähigkeitspotenzial ausschöpfen, andererseits ein bewährtes Sicherheitsniveau gewährleisten.Partial Safety Factors for Strengthening of Bending Cross SectionsStrengthening of reinforced concrete structures is generally performed with shotcrete, externally bonded steel plates, CFK‐lamellas and CF‐sheets. Carbon concrete may also be used more recently. The mechanical properties of corresponding materials are basically subject to scatter in the same way as conventional concrete and reinforcing steel and they also contribute to the scatter of the total resistance side. Thus, appropriate partial safety factors are required within the framework of the semiprobabilistic safety concept. This paper first develops a probabilistic model for strengthened bending cross sections with carbon concrete. The probabilistic model is used to estimate the safety level which is reached depending on the partial safety factor of the strengthening material using the semiprobabilistic safety concept. Therewith a way to determine partial safety factors shall be developed for new innovative construction methods without comprehensive application experience, which on one hand exploit their load carrying capacities and ensure a proven safety level on the other hand.
Rissflankenbruchneigung von befahrenen Industrieböden
Authors: Oster Sebastian , Schnell Jürgen , Casucci Daniele 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRissflankenbrüche sind eine spezielle Verschleißerscheinung bei befahrenen Industrieböden aus Beton. Die Rissflankenbruchneigung wurde an der TU Kaiserslautern im Rahmen von zwei Forschungsprojekten experimentell untersucht. Mit verschiedenen Arten von Rädern wurden hierbei Risse unterschiedlicher Breite 25 000‐mal überfahren. Es konnten wesentliche Einflussfaktoren auf die Rissflankenbruchneigung bei Industrieböden ohne Oberflächenschutzsystem identifiziert werden. Einen dominierenden Einfluss hat die Art der Räder, mit denen der Betonboden befahren wird. Dabei spielen in erster Linie das Reifenmaterial, aber auch die Breite und das Profil der Bereifung eine Rolle. Weiterhin hat die Beschaffenheit des Industriebodens selbst einen bedeutenden Einfluss.Auf Basis der durchgeführten Versuche wurde ein Konzept zur Prognose von Rissflankenbrüchen entwickelt. Dabei wurde der Weg gewählt, für geplante Beanspruchungen zu erwartende Verschleißbilder für verschiedene Industriebodenvarianten beispielhaft anzugeben. Auf dieser Grundlage können Bauherren, Planer und Bauausführende Erwartungen abgleichen und ausgewogene Festlegungen treffen.Probability of Fracturing Crack EdgesCrack edge fracturing is a wearing effect of industrial floor slabs. As part of two research projects, the probability of fracturing crack edges was investigated at the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. With various types of wheels, cracks with different widths were crossed 25 000 times. It succeeded to identify the main factors of influencing on the probability of fracturing crack edges on industrial floor slabs without coating. Dominant influence has the choice of wheels used on the floor (material and dimensions). Moreover the choice of floor system has a significant influence on the probability of fracturing crack edges as well as the manufacturing quality and the crack path or crack pattern.Based on the carried out tests a concept to deal with crack edge fracturing or to prevent crack edge fracturing was developed. Therefore the approach was chosen to specify exemplary expected damage patterns for a planned stress and for different industrial floor slabs. On this basis clients, designer and constructors can compare expectations and make balanced agreements before execution.
Musikkens Hus Aalborg – House of Music
Authors: Peseke Horst , Stahr Alexander , Grohmann Manfred , Bollinger Klaus 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDas Musikkens Hus Aalborg (engl. Projektname House of Music) ist ein Konzerthaus und Konservatorium für Musiker des Aalborg Philharmonic Orchestra. Das Haus präsentiert sich, der dekonstruktivistischen Entwurfshaltung des Architekten WOLF PRIX folgend, als Gebäudeensemble aus verschiedenen geometrischen Großformen. Der Konzertsaal in Form eines gestreckten Kubus bildet den Kern des Ensembles. Um ihn legt sich der bügelförmige Baukörper des Konservatoriums, dessen offene Seite von dem Prisma des Foyers geschlossen wird. Der schiefe Konus des Restaurants und der flach gekrümmte Kubus eines Kammermusiksaales komplettieren die Hauptfassade zu beiden Seiten des Foyers. Jeder der beschriebenen Baukörper begründet sich aus den unterschiedlichen funktionalen Anforderungen, wobei der Konzertsaal insbesondere wegen seiner hohen akustischen Anforderungen die anderen Bereiche beeinflusste. In die Tragwerksplanung für das Objekt waren die Ingenieure von Bollinger + Grohmann in Zusammenarbeit mit der dänischen Ingenieurgesellschaft RAMBøLL verantwortlich. Die Entwicklung von Lösungen unter verschiedenen Randbedingungen und Anforderungen fand mithilfe unterschiedlicher Methoden statt.The Musikkens Hus Aarlborg (engl. project title House of Music) is a concert hall and music academy for musicians of the Aarlborg Philharmonic Orchestra. With its arrangement of different, geometrical major volumes the building reflects the deconstructivistic design attitude of Architect Wolf Prix. The concert hall with its shape of an elongated cube provides the centre of the building ensemble. It is embraced by the u‐shaped building volume of the academy, whose open edge is closed by the prism of the foyer. The oblique cone of the restaurant and the shallowly cambered cube of the intimate hall complete the main elevation to either side of the foyer. Each of the described building volumes is established by the various functional requirements, where the main concert hall with its high acoustic performance requirements particularly influenced the other areas. The engineers of Bollinger+Grohmann together with RAMBøLL were responsible for the structural design of this project. The development of solutions happened for a variety of boundary conditions and requirements with various techniques.
Hydrolysis of synthetic polyesters by Clostridium botulinum esterases
Authors: Perz Veronika , Baumschlager Armin , Bleymaier Klaus , Zitzenbacher Sabine , Hromic Altijana , Steinkellner Georg , Pairitsch Andris , Łyskowski Andrzej , Gruber Karl , Sinkel Carsten , Küper Ulf , Ribitsch Doris , Guebitz Georg M. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTTwo novel esterases from the anaerobe Clostridium botulinum ATCC 3502 (Cbotu_EstA and Cbotu_EstB) were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21‐Gold(DE3) and were found to hydrolyze the polyester poly(butylene adipate‐co‐butylene terephthalate) (PBAT). The active site residues (triad Ser, Asp, His) are present in both enzymes at the same location only with some amino acid variations near the active site at the surrounding of aspartate. Yet, Cbotu_EstA showed higher kcat values on para‐nitrophenyl butyrate and para‐nitrophenyl acetate and was considerably more active (sixfold) on PBAT. The entrance to the active site of the modeled Cbotu_EstB appears more narrowed compared to the crystal structure of Cbotu_EstA and the N‐terminus is shorter which could explain its lower activity on PBAT. The Cbotu_EstA crystal structure consists of two regions that may act as movable cap domains and a zinc metal binding site. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1024–1034. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Deletion of a telomeric region on chromosome 8 correlates with higher productivity and stability of CHO cell lines
Authors: Ritter Anett , Voedisch Bernd , Wienberg Johannes , Wilms Burkhard , Geisse Sabine , Jostock Thomas , Laux Holger 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTChinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells are widely used for large scale production of recombinant biopharmaceuticals. Although these cells have been extensively used, a demand to further increase the performance, for example, to facilitate the process of clone selection to isolate the highest producing cell lines that maintain stability of production over time is still existing. We compared gene expression profiles of high versus low producing CHO clones to identify regulated genes which can be used as biomarkers during clone selection or for cell line engineering. We present evidence that increased production rates and cell line stability are correlated with the loss of the telomeric region of the chromosome 8. A new parental CHO cell line lacking this region was generated and its capability for protein production was assessed. The average volumetric productivity of cells after gene transfer and selection was found to be several fold improved, facilitating the supply of early drug substance material to determine for example, quality. In addition, significantly more cell clones with a higher average productivity and higher protein production stability were obtained with the new host cell line after single cell cloning. This allows reduced efforts in single cell sorting, screening of fewer clones and raises the opportunity to circumvent time and labor‐intensive stability studies. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1084–1093. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meta-analysis of colloids versus crystalloids in critically ill, trauma and surgical patients
Authors: Qureshi S H , Rizvi S I , Patel N N , Murphy G J 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Background
There is uncertainty regarding the safety of different volume replacement solutions. The aim of this study was systematically to review evidence of crystalloid versus colloid solutions, and to determine whether these results are influenced by trial design or clinical setting.

Methods
PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were used to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared crystalloids with colloids as volume replacement solutions in patients with traumatic injuries, those undergoing surgery and in critically ill patients. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for mortality and major morbidity including renal injury were pooled using fixed-effect and random-effects models.

Results
Some 59 RCTs involving 16 889 patients were included in the analysis. Forty-one studies (69 per cent) were found to have selection, detection or performance bias. Colloid administration did not lead to increased mortality (32 trials, 16 647 patients; OR 0·99, 95 per cent c.i. 0·92 to 1·06), but did increase the risk of developing acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy (9 trials, 11 648 patients; OR 1·35, 1·17 to 1·57). Sensitivity analyses that excluded small and low-quality studies did not substantially alter these results. Subgroup analyses by type of colloid showed that increased mortality and renal replacement therapy were associated with use of pentastarch, and increased risk of renal injury and renal replacement therapy with use of tetrastarch. Subgroup analysis indicated that the risks of mortality and renal injury attributable to colloids were observed only in critically ill patients with sepsis.

Conclusion
Current general restrictions on the use of colloid solutions are not supported by evidence.
Low‐dose rotenone exposure induces early senescence leading to late apoptotic signaling cascade in human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cell line: An in vitro glaucoma model
Authors: Maurya Nancy , Agarwal Nupur Rani , Ghosh Ilora 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether the prolonged exposure of the human trabecular meshwork (HTM) cell line to a low dose (1 nM) of rotenone could simulate a glaucomatous‐like condition and serve as a cellular model for its etiological analysis. Under 1‐nM rotenone exposure for 24–72 h, HTM cells showed a decrease in cell viability as assessed by an MTT assay and showed mitochondrial dysfunction as assessed by measuring H2DCFDA fluorescence; a decrease in ATP level was also observed. Flow cytometric analysis showed an increase in cellular size and granularity. Elevated AF showed initial senescence. LF staining with SBB and its spectrofluorometric quantification confirmed growth arrest. An accumulation of cytoplasmic myocilin, IL‐6, and MMP‐9 at 72 h of exposure supported glaucomatous induction. TEM revealed morphological changes in mitochondria and nuclei of treated cells. Signaling cascades were assessed by immunoblotting and immunocytochemical analysis. This study showed a shift in status of the cells from initial senescence to induction of apoptosis in the HTM cell line due to continuous low‐dose exposure to rotenone; however, at 72 h, both senescence and apoptotic features are apparent in these cells. This is the first report that reveals the potential of a prolonged low‐dose exposure of rotenone to simulate senescence in the HTM cell line to cause a glaucomatous condition.
Spontaneous seromuscular laceration of the sigmoid colon: a case report
Authors: Pollard Courtney , Fransman Ryan B. , Jessie Timothy A. , Gurfinchel Gregory 
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical MessageInjury to bowel can result in high morbidity and death. Bowel injuries typically occur after external trauma to the abdomen. Bowel injury in the absence of external trauma is rare. Here, we report a 36‐year‐old male presenting with a sigmoid colon laceration likely due to long‐standing constipation.
Acute respiratory failure due to thyroid storm developing immediately after delivery
Authors: Kitazawa Chie , Aoki Shigeru , Takahashi Tsuneo , Hirahara Fumiki 
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical MessageAcute respiratory failure occurs in less than 0.1% of pregnancies. Thyroid storm should be included in the differential diagnosis of possible causes of acute respiratory failure occurring immediately after delivery, and delivery is a high risk factor for thyroid storm in pregnant women with thyrotoxicosis.
Reactor Comparison for the Esterification of Fatty Acids from Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Mazubert Alex , Crockatt Marc , Poux Martine , Aubin Joelle , Roelands Mark 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEsterification of the fatty acids contained in waste cooking oil with glycerol, a reaction involving immiscible and viscous reactants, was achieved in two pilot‐scale continuous pulsed reactors: the oscillatory baffled reactor and the helix reactor. In both reactors, with or without baffles, the reaction reaches its thermodynamic equilibrium at lower temperatures, shorter residence times and with higher selectivities than those reported in the literature. This equilibrium is then shifted by an increase in the excess of glycerol, or by removing water from the reactive media by an intermediary decantation or by the use of dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, a surfactant catalyst. Further investigations would be required to increase the conversions without decreasing the selectivities, by increasing the initial amount of free fatty acids.
A Photoactivatable Platinum(IV) Anticancer Complex Conjugated to the RNA Ligand Guanidinoneomycin
Authors: Shaili Evyenia , Fernández‐Giménez Marta , Rodríguez‐Astor Savina , Gandioso Albert , Sandín Lluís , García‐Vélez Carlos , Massaguer Anna , Clarkson Guy J. , Woods Julie A. , Sadler Peter J. , Marchán Vicente 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA photoactivatable platinum(IV) complex, trans,trans,trans‐[Pt(N3)2(OH)(succ)(py)2] (succ=succinylate, py=pyridine), has been conjugated to guanidinoneomycin to study the effect of this guanidinum‐rich compound on the photoactivation, intracellular accumulation and phototoxicity of the pro‐drug. Surprisingly, trifluoroacetic acid treatment causes the replacement of an azido ligand and the axial hydroxide ligand by trifluoroacetate, as shown by NMR spectroscopy, MS and X‐ray crystallography. Photoactivation of the platinum–guanidinoneomycin conjugate in the presence of 5′‐guanosine monophosphate (5′‐GMP) led to the formation of trans‐[Pt(N3)(py)2(5′‐GMP)]+, as does the parent platinum(IV) complex. Binding of the platinum(II) photoproduct {PtN3(py)2}+ to guanine nucleobases in a short single‐stranded oligonucleotide was also observed. Finally, cellular uptake studies showed that guanidinoneomycin conjugation improved the intracellular accumulation of the platinum(IV) pro‐drug in two cancer cell lines, particularly in SK‐MEL‐28 cells. Notably, the higher phototoxicity of the conjugate in SK‐MEL‐28 cells than in DU‐145 cells suggests a degree of selectivity towards the malignant melanoma cell line.
Multifunctional Logic in a Photosensitizer with Triple‐Mode Fluorescent and Photodynamic Activity
Authors: van de Winckel Eveline , Schneider Rudolf J. , de la Escosura Andrés , Torres Tomás 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHerein we describe a photosensitizer (PS) with the capacity to perform multiple logic operations based on a pyrene‐containing phthalocyanine (Pc) derivative. The system presents three output signals (fluorescence at 377 and 683 nm, and singlet oxygen (1O2) production), which are dependent on three inputs: two chemical (concentration of dithiothreitol (DTT) and acidic pH) and one physical (visible light above 530 nm for 1O2 sensitization). The multi‐input/multioutput nature of this PS leads to single‐, double‐, and triple‐mode activation pathways of its fluorescent and photodynamic functions, through the interplay of various interrelated AND, ID, and INHIBIT gates. Dual fluorescence emissions are potentially useful for orthogonal optical imaging protocols while 1O2 is the main reactive species in photodynamic therapy (PDT). We thus expect that this kind of PS logic system will be of great interest for multimodal cellular imaging and therapeutic applications.
Adequacy in voided urine cytology specimens: The role of volume and a repeat void upon predictive values for high‐grade urothelial carcinoma
Authors: VandenBussche Christopher J. , Rosenthal Dorothy L. , Olson Matthew T. 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDAdequacy assessment is one of the most controversial and overlooked components in the daily practice of cytopathology, because it is generally determined from limited samples. Because voided urine varies widely in terms of its volume and cellularity, there is little consensus about the proper role for these variables in assessing specimen adequacy. In this study, the authors explored the role of volume in voided urine specimens to determine whether it plays a role in determining adequacy for the detection of high‐grade urothelial carcinoma.METHODSVoided urine specimens received at the authors' laboratory over the 9.5 years since the introduction of the Johns Hopkins Template for Reporting Urinary Cytopathology were analyzed for correlations between volume, specimen adequacy, and the diagnosis of high‐grade malignancy. The same data set also was queried to determine whether a patient who provided a voided low‐volume specimen could yield a higher volume specimen and thereby increase adequacy.RESULTSIn total, 15,731 voided urine specimens with a cumulative volume of 891 liters originating from 8594 individual patients were analyzed. Specimen adequacy increased linearly for each increment of volume submitted to the laboratory up to 30 mL, after which the correlation was nonlinear. Low‐volume specimens below this cutoff also had lower fractions of specimens that were diagnosed as malignant or suspicious.CONCLUSIONSVolume is an important component in the evaluation of adequacy for voided urine cytology specimens. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:174–180. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Nanoporous Au/CoO Core–Shell Material with Synergistic Catalysis
Authors: Zhang Chao , Huang Bin , Qian Lihua , Yuan Songliu , Wang Shuai , Chen Rong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAn ultrathin CoO layer is deposited on the skeleton surfaces of a nanoporous gold (NPG) film by using atomic layer deposition, creating a flexible electrode. Detailed characterization demonstrates the superior performance of the flexible NPG/CoO hybrids for electrochemical catalysis. The NPG/CoO hybrid not only achieves high catalytic activity for glucose oxidation and H2O2 reduction, but also exhibits a linear dependence of the electrical signal on the concentration of glucose and H2O2 molecules in the electrolyte. Meanwhile, the sensitivity for H2O2 reduction can be as high as 62.5 μA mm−1 cm−2 with linear dependence on the concentration in the range of 0.1–92.9 mm. The high sensitivity is proposed to result from the synergistic effect of Au and CoO at the interfaces, and the high conductivity of the gold skeleton with a large surface area. The superior electrochemical performance of this hybrid electrode is promising for future potential applications in various transitional‐metal‐oxide‐based electrochemical electrodes.