bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear PDE aspects of the tt* equations of Cecotti and Vafa
Authors: Guest Martin A. , Lin Chang-Shou 
Published: April 2014

Abstract.
Using nonlinear pde techniques, we construct a new family of globally
smooth

t

t
*

$\textup {tt}^\ast $

structures. This includes

t

t
*

$\textup {tt}^\ast $

structures
associated to the (orbifold) quantum cohomology of a finite number of complex
projective spaces and weighted projective spaces. The existence of such
“magical solutions” of the

t

t
*

$\textup {tt}^\ast $

equations, namely smooth solutions characterised
by asymptotic boundary conditions, was predicted by Cecotti and
Vafa. In our situation, the

t

t
*

$\textup {tt}^\ast $

equations belong to a class of equations which
we call the

t

t
*

$\textup {tt}^\ast $

-Toda lattice. Solutions of the

t

t
*

$\textup {tt}^\ast $

-Toda lattice are harmonic maps which have dual interpretations as Frobenius structures
or variations of (semi-infinite) Hodge structures.
Structural modification of isoalantolactone and biological activity against the hepatoma cell lines
Authors: Guo Rui-Xia , Li Li-Geng , Zhang Man-Li , Sauriol Françoise , Shi Qing-Wen , Gu Yu-Cheng , Kiyota Hiromasa 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Structural modifications were performed on isoalantolactone in an effort to find compounds with potential anticancer activity. Seven previously unknown adducts of active methylene compounds with isoalantolactone were synthesized by the Michael reaction. Moreover, four derivatives of aryl-substituted isoalantolactone were prepared by the Heck reaction. All synthetic products were evaluated for toxic activities against three different hepatoma cell lines, Bel-7402, SMMC-7721, and Hep G2. Products prepared through the Heck reaction and 3a,b show potential antiproliferative activity against the Hep G2 cell.
An access to new N-pyrrolylcarboxylic acids as potential COX-2 inhibitors via Paal-Knorr cyclization
Authors: Vladimirova Stanislava , Bijev Atanas 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Twenty new N-pyrrolylcarboxylic acids were designed to assume the architecture of contemporary selective COX-2 inhibitors as potential anti-inflammatory agents. The targeted products were synthesized in 70–82% yields by Paal-Knorr cyclization of a set of eight amino acids, acting as primary amines, and four 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds. The latter substrates were prepared by C-alkylation of three commercially available β-dicarbonyl compounds with two ω-bromoacetophenones and used in situ. These compounds inhibit carrageenin-induced rat paw edema and show analgesic activity.
One-pot two-step synthesis of 2,5-dihydro-2-oxofuran-3-carboxamides
Authors: Tokmajyan Gayane , Karapetyan Lusine 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
2,5-Dihydro-2-oxofuran-3-carboxamides were synthesized by a one-pot two-step reaction catalyzed by sodium methoxide. Readily available tertiary α-hydroxyketones were condensed with substituted cyanoacetamides to give 2-imino-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxamides that, without isolation, were hydrolized to the title products.
An Evidence Theory-based Algorithm for System Reliability Evaluation under Mixed Aleatory and Epistemic Uncertainties
Authors: Suo Bin , Zeng Chao , Cheng Yong-sheng , Li Jun 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
For the reliability evaluation of a complex system, the aleatory uncertainty and epistemic uncertainty always exist at the same time because of the inadequate experimental data and the incomplete information. To reduce the computational cost of the reliability evaluation, an effective method based on evidence theory was developed. In this method, the mean of the belief measure and the plausibility measure was taken as the approximation of the system reliability. The discretization methods for uncertain parameters were discussed in the cases of only aleatory uncertainty was involved in the system, and mixed aleatory and epistemic uncertainties were involved, respectively. Algorithms of the evaluations of belief and plausibility functions were proposed for monotonic and non-monotonic systems. Four numerical examples under different conditions were studied. Simulation results showed that, the proposed method was much more effective than Monte Carlo method without sacrificing the accuracy of the resulting reliability. It was a general method suitable for various systems with different types of information.
Understanding exposure from natural gas drilling puts current air standards to the test
Authors: Brown David , Weinberger Beth , Lewis Celia , Bonaparte Heather 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCase study descriptions of acute onset of respiratory, neurologic, dermal, vascular, abdominal, and gastrointestinal sequelae near natural gas facilities contrast with a subset of emissions research, which suggests that there is limited risk posed by unconventional natural gas development (UNGD). An inspection of the pathophysiological effects of acute toxic actions reveals that current environmental monitoring protocols are incompatible with the goal of protecting the health of those living and working near UNGD activities. The intensity, frequency, and duration of exposures to toxic materials in air and water determine the health risks to individuals within a population. Currently, human health risks near UNGD sites are derived from average population risks without adequate attention to the processes of toxicity to the body. The objective of this paper is to illustrate that current methods of collecting emissions data, as well as the analyses of these data, are not sufficient for accurately assessing risks to individuals or protecting the health of those near UNGD sites. Focusing on air pollution impacts, we examined data from public sources and from the published literature. We compared the methods commonly used to evaluate health safety near UNGD sites with the information that would be reasonably needed to determine plausible outcomes of actual exposures. Such outcomes must be based on the pathophysiological effects of the agents present and the susceptibility of residents near these sites. Our study has several findings. First, current protocols used for assessing compliance with ambient air standards do not adequately determine the intensity, frequency or durations of the actual human exposures to the mixtures of toxic materials released regularly at UNGD sites. Second, the typically used periodic 24-h average measures can underestimate actual exposures by an order of magnitude. Third, reference standards are set in a form that inaccurately determines health risk because they do not fully consider the potential synergistic combinations of toxic air emissions. Finally, air dispersion modeling shows that local weather conditions are strong determinates of individual exposures. Appropriate estimation of safety requires nested protocols that measure real time exposures. New protocols are needed to provide 1) continuous measures of a surrogate compound to show periods of extreme exposure; 2) a continuous screening model based on local weather conditions to warn of periodic high exposures; and 3) comprehensive detection of chemical mixtures using canisters or other devices that capture the major components of the mixtures.
Schätzung der Einspritzzeitpunkte und -dauern eines Dieselmotors mithilfe der Keramikglühkerze
Authors: Demirdelen Ismet , Puente León Fernando 
Published: April 2014

Zusammenfassung
Das moderne Common-Rail-System, das eine gezielte Direkteinspritzung des Brennstoffes ermöglicht, fand zum ersten Mal im
Jahre 1997 in einem Serienfahrzeug Einsatz. Seitdem setzen immer mehr Automobilhersteller (heutzutage mehr als 90%) auf dieses
System. Im Gegensatz zu alten Einspritzsystemen können sie die unter hohem Druck stehenden Brennstoffe über eine im Motorsteuergerät
integrierte Steuerung, welche die Einspritzzeitpunkte und -dauern für eine bessere Kraftstoffdosierung über Kennfelder zur Verfügung
stellt, zuverlässiger und gezielter in den Brennraum einbringen. Die Systemkalibrierung und die Applikation der Steuerungskennfelder
finden im Vorfeld statt. Dabei entstehen verschiedene Ungenauigkeiten bei der Kraftstoffdosierung, die es zu vermeiden gilt.
Beispielsweise wird das den Kraftstoff dosierende Magnetventil während des Motorbetriebes unzureichend oder überhaupt nicht überwacht.
In diesem Beitrag wird die Keramikglühkerze als Sensor vorgestellt. Ohne zusätzliche Hardware
kann sie Informationen über die Einspritzzeitpunkte und -dauern in Echtzeit liefern, welche wiederum Rückschlüsse über die während des Einspritzvorgangs
im Brennraum entstehenden Phänomene ermöglichen.
Live Vaccine Use and Safety in DiGeorge Syndrome
Authors: Hofstetter Annika M. , Jakob Kathleen , Klein Nicola P. , Dekker Cornelia L. , Edwards Kathryn M. , Halsey Neal A. , Baxter Roger , Williams S. Elizabeth , Graham Philip L. , LaRussa Philip 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE:
Live vaccines are generally contraindicated in patients with DiGeorge syndrome (DGS), a congenital disorder characterized by cellular immune deficiency. Vaccine utilization and safety in this population are not well described. This study examined vaccination patterns and adverse events following live immunization (AEFLI) in these individuals.

METHODS:
A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted in subjects with DGS confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization assay (chromosome 22q11.2 microdeletion). Live vaccine-preventable illnesses, vaccination coverage and timeliness, and AEFLIs in the 56-day window after live vaccination were examined. Bivariate and multivariable analyses assessed the impact of demographics medical history, timing of diagnostic confirmation, and preceding immune function on vaccination patterns and AEFLIs.

RESULTS:
Of 194 subjects, 77% and 75% received measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and varicella vaccines, respectively; 58% completed recommended vaccinations by age 19 to 35 months. Adverse events occurred after 14% and 20% of MMR and varicella vaccine doses, respectively. Most events were minor, few were serious, and no deaths were reported in post–live vaccination windows. Although early diagnostic confirmation negatively affected live vaccination coverage and timeliness (P &lt; .001), baseline CD4% did not differ between subjects who did or did not receive live vaccines by 12 to 18 months. Among varicella vaccine recipients, those with a subsequent adverse event had a lower preceding CD4% (24.8% ± 7.3%) than those without (35.5% ± 11.7%) (P &lt; .05); no CD4% differences were observed with MMR vaccination. Fourteen unvaccinated subjects experienced live vaccine–preventable illnesses.

CONCLUSIONS:
Live vaccines were frequently given and generally well-tolerated among patients with DGS with mild-to-moderate immunosuppression.
Setting standards for the future based on evidence from the past – a UK perspective on the success of the approach
Authors: Homewood S. , Snowdon C. 
Published: April 2014

The Water Research Centre has collated, over a number of years, quantitative end-use (micro-component) water consumption information for over 700 properties in England and Wales. For a sample of this size, this is the most detailed set of data in the UK, and was used to inform some of the mandatory and voluntary standards that are in place in the UK today.
One such standard is in the new edition of Part G of the Building Regulations, published in 2010, which includes a water efficiency requirement for the first time. This is a whole-of-house water use standard set at a maximum of 125 litres per person per day. The voluntary Code for Sustainable Homes (the Code) also has a series of standards for water use in new homes varying from 90 to 120 litres per person per day. Both of these standards allow flexibility for people to choose what is installed in a new home (including new emerging technologies) provided they can achieve the specified water use figure. Whilst the Code is purely a design standard, the Building Regulation is a mandatory requirement and homes built to the building regulations should be inspected post-installation to confirm the devices installed have specifications in-line with the design standard.
To help inform the UK Government on the success of the approach, and to aid UK water companies develop 25 year projections of demand as part of their water resources planning, research assessing the real consumption of homes designed to these water efficiency standards has been carried out. Meter readings from a sample of homes were analysed alongside property information to identify actual water use and trends amongst property cohorts.
Results from our statistical analysis show that occupancy is the single most significant factor influencing per capita consumption and whether a home meets a given water efficiency design standard.
Mn ferrite nanoparticle generation in distilled water using Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet laser
Authors: Dehghanpour H. R. , Delshad L. 
Published: April 2014

In this work, the authors have generated Mn ferrite nanoparticles by Nd:YAG (1064 nm) laser irradiation in distilled water. Then, they have investigated shape and size of nanoparticles by transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscope. Chemical composition of nanoparticle was characterized using dispersive x-ray energy, and the magnetic properties of them were studied by magnetic force microscopy. A spinel structure in nanoparticles similar to the bulk sample was shown by selected area electron diffraction. The results show that the chemical composition and magnetic properties of nanoparticles are nearly similar to bulk sample.
At the request of the Editor and AIP Publishing, this article is being retracted effective 11 March 2020.
Composition operators on W
1
X are necessarily induced by quasiconformal mappings
Authors: Kleprlík Luděk 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Let Ω ⊂ ℝn be an open set and X(Ω) be any rearrangement invariant function space close to L
q(Ω), i.e. X has the q-scaling property. We prove that each homeomorphism f which induces the composition operator u ↦ u ℴ f from W
1
X to W
1
X is necessarily a q-quasiconformal mapping. We also give some new results for the sufficiency of this condition for the composition operator.
Irreducible Jacobian derivations in positive characteristic
Authors: Jędrzejewicz Piotr 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We prove that an irreducible polynomial derivation in positive characteristic is a Jacobian derivation if and only if there exists an (n-1)-element p-basis of its ring of constants. In the case of two variables we characterize these derivations in terms of their divergence and some nontrivial constants.
Testing of inhibition activity of essential oils against Paenibacillus larvae – the causative agent of American foulbrood
Authors: Kuzyšinová Katarína , Mudroňová Dagmar , Toporčák Juraj , Nemcová Radomíra , Molnár Ladislav , Maďari Aladár , Vaníková Slavomíra , Kožár Martin 
Published: April 2014

American foulbrood is a dangerous world-wide spread disease of honey bees caused by the Paenibacillus larvae bacterium. Antibiotic treatments are less effective and leave residues in bee products. It is therefore necessary to find an alternative, especially using natural ingredients such as plant essential oils, probiotics, fatty or organic acids. Two strains of P. larvae were used for this study: CCM 4488, a strain from the Czech collection of micro-organisms and a Slovak field strain which was isolated from infected bee combs and characterized on the basis of biochemical properties. Plant essential oils of sage (Salvia officinalis), anise (Pimpinella anisum), oregano (Origanum vulgare), caraway (Carum carvi), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), rosemary (Rosmarinum officinalis), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), camomile (Chamomilla recutita) and fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) were used for the testing of the inhibitory activity against P. larvae. Essential oils at amounts of 5 µl and 10 µl were applied to sterile discs on MYPGP agar; inhibition zone diameters were measured after 24-h incubation at 37 °C. The strongest inhibitory activity against both P. larvae strains was noted in case of the essential oils from oregano, thyme and clove; essential oils from camomile, rosemary and fennel showed no or weak antibacterial activity. Medium strong inhibition activity was recorded in case of previously untested essential oil from Carum carvi. There was a difference in sensitivity of both tested strains to essential oils. Our study confirmed that some essential oils can be used in the prevention of American foulbrood but further experiments aimed at their influence on physiological intestinal microflora of honey bees must be performed.
A plastid DNA phylogeny of tribe Miliuseae: Insights into relationships and character evolution in one of the most recalcitrant major clades of Annonaceae
Authors: Chaowasku Tanawat , Thomas Daniel C. , van der Ham Raymond W. J. M. , Smets Erik F. , Mols Johan B. , Chatrou Lars W. 
Published: April 2014

• Premise of the study: Tribe Miliuseae (∼25 genera and ∼510 species) includes a substantial part of the species and generic diversity in the pantropical flowering‐plant family Annonaceae (∼108 genera and ∼2400 species). Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses have failed to resolve the backbone phylogeny of the tribe, impeding biogeographical and evolutionary studies. We use a dense generic taxon sample (∼89% of generic diversity in Miliuseae) and plastid DNA sequence data (∼7 kb) to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of and within the tribe.• Methods: Parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic reconstructions and ancestral character‐state reconstructions of several reproductive characters were performed.• Key results: Dendrokingstoniae, Monocarpieae, and Miliuseae are recovered in a strongly supported clade, and each tribe is strongly supported as monophyletic. Miliuseae are characterized by a synapomorphic cryptoaperturate/disulculate pollen apertural system. Stenanona is shown to be nested within the paraphyletic genus Desmopsis. The only Neotropical clade (Sapranthus, Tridimeris, Desmopsis, and Stenanona) in the predominantly Asian Miliuseae is shown to be closely related to an undescribed genus from continental Southeast Asia and the Indo‐Malayan and Austral‐Pacific genus Meiogyne. Ancestral character‐state reconstructions of several reproductive characters that are diagnostically important at the generic level indicate a considerable degree of homoplasy.• Conclusions: The results improve our understanding of the relationships of and within Miliuseae, but parts of the backbone of the phylogeny remain poorly supported. Additional data from variable nuclear markers or reduced‐genome‐representation approaches seem to be required to further resolve relationships within this recalcitrant clade.
Whole genome shotgun sequences for microsatellite discovery and application in cultivated and wild Macadamia (Proteaceae)
Authors: Nock Catherine J. , Elphinstone Martin S. , Ablett Gary , Kawamata Asuka , Hancock Wayne , Hardner Craig M. , King Graham J. 
Published: April 2014

• Premise of the study: Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) data are widely used for single‐nucleotide polymorphism discovery and genetic marker development in species with limited available genome information. We developed microsatellite primers for the Proteaceae nut crop species Macadamia integrifolia and assessed cross‐species transferability in all congeners to investigate genetic identification of cultivars and gene flow.• Methods and Results: Primers were designed from both raw and assembled Illumina NGS paired‐end reads. The final 12 microsatellite markers selected were polymorphic among wild individuals of all four Macadamia species—M. integrifolia, M. tetraphylla, M. ternifolia, and M. jansenii—and in commercial macadamia cultivars including hybrids.• Conclusions: We demonstrate the utility of raw and assembled Illumina NGS reads from total genomic DNA for the rapid development of microsatellites in Macadamia. These primers will facilitate future studies of population structure, hybridization, parentage, and cultivar identification in cultivated and wild Macadamia populations.
American College of Rheumatology Criteria at Inception, and Accrual over 5 Years in the SLICC Inception Cohort
Authors: Urowitz Murray B. , Gladman Dafna D. , Ibañez Dominique , Sanchez-Guerrero Jorge , Romero-Diaz Juanita , Gordon Caroline , Bae Sang-Cheol , Clarke Anne E. , Bernatsky Sasha , Fortin Paul R. , Hanly John G. , Isenberg David , Rahman Anisur , Wallace Daniel J. , Ginzler Ellen , Petri Michelle , Bruce Ian N. , Merrill Joan T. , Nived Ola , Sturfelt Gunnar , Dooley Mary Anne , Alarcón Graciela S. , Fessler Barri , Steinsson Kristjan , Ramsey-Goldman Rosalind , Zoma Asad , Khamashta Munther , Manzi Susan , van Vollenhoven Ronald , Ramos-Casals Manuel , Aranow Cynthia , Stoll Thomas 
Published: April 2014

Objective.To determine the frequency of each American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criterion met at time of enrollment, and the increase in each of the criteria over 5 years.Methods.In 2000 the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) recruited an international inception cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; ≥ 4 ACR criteria) who were followed at yearly intervals according to a standard protocol. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the total and cumulative number of ACR criteria met at each visit. Regression models were done to compare the increase of individual and cumulative criteria as a function of race/ethnicity group, and sex.ResultsIn all, 768 patients have been followed for a minimum of 5 years. Overall, 59.1% of the patients had an increase in the number of ACR criteria they met over the 5-year period. The mean number of ACR criteria met at enrollment was 5.04 ± 1.13 and at year 5 was 6.03 ± 1.42. At enrollment, nonwhite patients had a higher number of ACR criteria (5.19 ± 1.23) than white patients. The total number of criteria increased in both white and nonwhite ethnicities, but increased more among whites. Males had a slightly lower number of criteria at enrollment compared to females and males accrued fewer criteria at 5 years.Conclusion.In this international inception cohort of SLE patients with at least 4 ACR criteria at entry, there was an accumulation of ACR criteria over the following 5 years. The distribution of criteria both at inception and over 5 years is affected by sex and ethnicity.