bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personal health record use for children and health care utilization: propensity score-matched cohort analysis
Authors: Zhou Yi Yvonne , Leith Wendy M , Li Hui , Tom Jeffrey O 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Objectives To examine the association between caregiver personal health record (PHR) use and health care utilization by pediatric patients.
Design, Setting, and Participants We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of 2286 pediatric members aged six months to 2.5 years of Kaiser Permanente Hawaii and Northwest Regions in 2007-2011, using propensity score matching methods and t and chi-square tests to examine associations between PHR use and health care utilization. We used ANOVA to examine utilization across quartiles of PHR use.
Main Outcome Measures Outpatient clinic visits, telephone encounters, and emergency department visits.
Results PHR-registered children, compared with propensity score-matched nonregistered children, had 21% (95% CI, 14-28; P &lt; .0001) more outpatient clinic visits and 26% (95% CI, 16-37; P &lt; .0001) more telephone encounters. Utilization differences were more pronounced with nonprimary care providers than with primary care providers. Outpatient clinic visits and telephone encounters increased among the quartile with the highest PHR use; no utilization differences occurred in the 3 lowest-use quartiles.
Conclusions PHR use by caregivers was associated with statistically significant increases in outpatient clinic visits and telephone encounters among pediatric patients.
Profiling phenome-wide associations: a population-based observational study
Authors: Syed-Abdul Shabbir , Moldovan Max , Nguyen Phung-Anh , Enikeev Ruslan , Jian Wen-Shan , Iqbal Usman , Hsu Min-Huei , Li Yu-Chuan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Objectives To objectively characterize phenome-wide associations observed in the entire Taiwanese population and represent them in a meaningful, interpretable way.
Study Design In this population-based observational study, we analyzed 782 million outpatient visits and 15 394 unique phenotypes that were observed in the entire Taiwanese population of over 22 million individuals. Our data was obtained from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database.
Results We stratified the population into 20 gender-age groups and generated 28.8 million and 31.8 million pairwise odds ratios from male and female subpopulations, respectively. These associations can be accessed online at http://associations.phr.tmu.edu.tw. To demonstrate the database and validate the association estimates obtained, we used correlation analysis to analyze 100 phenotypes that were observed to have the strongest positive association estimates with respect to essential hypertension. The results indicated that association patterns tended to have a strong positive correlation between adjacent age groups, while correlation estimates tended to decline as groups became more distant in age, and they diverged when assessed across gender groups.
Conclusions The correlation analysis of pairwise disease association patterns across different age and gender groups led to outcomes that were broadly predicted before the analysis, thus confirming the validity of the information contained in the presented database. More diverse individual disease-specific analyses would lead to a better understanding of phenome-wide associations and empower physicians to provide personalized care in terms of predicting, preventing, or initiating an early management of concomitant diseases.
Automated confidence ranked classification of randomized controlled trial articles: an aid to evidence-based medicine
Authors: Cohen Aaron M , Smalheiser Neil R , McDonagh Marian S , Yu Clement , Adams Clive E , Davis John M , Yu Philip S 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTObjective: For many literature review tasks, including systematic review (SR) and other aspects of evidence-based medicine, it is important to know whether an article describes a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Current manual annotation is not complete or flexible enough for the SR process. In this work, highly accurate machine learning predictive models were built that include confidence predictions of whether an article is an RCT.Materials and Methods: The LibSVM classifier was used with forward selection of potential feature sets on a large human-related subset of MEDLINE to create a classification model requiring only the citation, abstract, and MeSH terms for each article.Results: The model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.973 and mean squared error of 0.013 on the held out year 2011 data. Accurate confidence estimates were confirmed on a manually reviewed set of test articles. A second model not requiring MeSH terms was also created, and performs almost as well.Discussion: Both models accurately rank and predict article RCT confidence. Using the model and the manually reviewed samples, it is estimated that about 8000 (3%) additional RCTs can be identified in MEDLINE, and that 5% of articles tagged as RCTs in Medline may not be identified.Conclusion: Retagging human-related studies with a continuously valued RCT confidence is potentially more useful for article ranking and review than a simple yes/no prediction. The automated RCT tagging tool should offer significant savings of time and effort during the process of writing SRs, and is a key component of a multistep text mining pipeline that we are building to streamline SR workflow. In addition, the model may be useful for identifying errors in MEDLINE publication types. The RCT confidence predictions described here have been made available to users as a web service with a user query form front end at: http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu/cgi-bin/arrowsmith_uic/RCT_Tagger.cgi.
Biases in the inferred mass-to-light ratio of globular clusters: no need for variations in the stellar mass function
Authors: Shanahan Rosemary L. , Gieles Mark 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
From a study of the integrated light properties of 200 globular clusters (GCs) in M31, Strader et al. found that the mass-to-light ratios are lower than what is expected from simple stellar population models with a ‘canonical’ stellar initial mass function (IMF), with the discrepancy being larger at high metallicities. We use dynamical multimass models, that include a prescription for equipartition, to quantify the bias in the inferred dynamical mass as the result of the assumption that light follows mass. For a universal IMF and a metallicity-dependent present-day mass function, we find that the inferred mass from integrated light properties systematically underestimates the true mass, and that the bias is more important at high metallicities, as was found for the M31 GCs. We show that mass segregation and a flattening of the mass function have opposing effects of similar magnitude on the mass inferred from integrated properties. This makes the mass-to-light ratio as derived from integrated properties an inadequate probe of the low-mass end of the stellar mass function. There is, therefore, no need for variations in the IMF, nor the need to invoke depletion of low-mass stars, to explain the observations. Finally, we find that the retention fraction of stellar-mass black holes (BHs) is an equally important parameter in understanding the mass segregation bias. We speculatively put forward to idea that kinematical data of GCs can in fact be used to constrain the total mass in stellar-mass BHs in GCs.
A Radiographic Analysis of Cervical Sagittal Alignment in Adolescent Idiopathic Cervical Kyphosis
Authors: Shen Xiao-Long , Tian Ye , Zhou Xu-Hui , Ren Dong , Cao Peng , Yuan Wen 
Published: February 2015

Objective:
The aim of this study was to analyze the radiologic features of adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis.

Summary of Background Data:
There are few previous reports about radiographic analysis of cervical sagittal alignment of adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis. A new method was proposed in this article to evaluate the severity of cervical kyphosis.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 41 adolescent patients with cervical kyphosis were reviewed. Several angles were measured from the radiographs utilizing the 2-line Cobb method and Harrison posterior tangent method. Ishihara’s Curvature Index (CI), Kyphosis Index (KI), kyphosis levels, and the apex of the kyphosis were also measured.

Results:
The results showed that the apex of the kyphosis is located at the posterior-superior edge of C4 (70.7%) and C5 (29.3%). C2–C7 angles ranged from 4.7 to 71.3 degrees (36.2±13.6 degrees) and from 9.8 to 83.1 degrees (36.4±15.1 degrees) in the above 2 methods, respectively. Local angles of kyphotic area ranged from 21.8 to 96.3 degrees (50.5±23.7 degrees) in 2-line Cobb method and from 19.8 to 105.6 degrees (52.0±19.5 degrees) in Harrison posterior tangent method. CI and KI ranged from 8.6 to 79.8 (36.8±16.7) and 15.2 to 141.9 (50.6±23.7), respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there was significant positive correlation between KI and kyphosis angle.

Conclusions:
In adolescent idiopathic cervical kyphosis, the alteration of the sagittal profile only occurs on partial cervical alignment rather than the whole cervical spine. The apex of the kyphosis locates at posterior-superior edge of the vertebrae. It seems that KI can accurately depict the severity of cervical kyphosis.
Comparison of Pedicle Screw Fixation Strength Among Different Transpedicular Trajectories
Authors: Matsukawa Keitaro , Yato Yoshiyuki , Hynes Richard A. , Imabayashi Hideaki , Hosogane Naobumi , Yoshihara Yasuo , Asazuma Takashi , Nemoto Koichi 
Published: February 2015

Study Design:
Comparative biomechanical study by finite element (FE) method.

Objective:
To investigate the pullout strength of pedicle screws using different insertional trajectories.

Summary of Background Data:
Pedicle screw fixation has become the gold standard for spinal fusion, however, not much has been done to clarify how the fixation strength of pedicle screws are affected by insertional trajectories and bone properties.

Materials and Methods:
Three-dimensional FE models of 20 L4 vertebrae were constructed from the computed tomographic data. Five different transpedicular trajectories were compared: the traditional trajectory, the vertical trajectory, and the 3 lateral trajectories with different sagittal directions (caudal, parallel, cranial). For a valid comparison, screws of the same shape and size were inserted into the same pedicle in each subject, and the pullout strength were compared with nonlinear FE analyses. In addition, the pullout strength was correlated with bone mineral density (BMD).

Results:
The mean pullout strength showed a 3.9% increase for the vertical trajectory relative to the traditional trajectory, 6.1% for the lateral-caudal trajectory, 21.1% for the lateral-parallel trajectory, and 34.7% for the lateral-cranial trajectory. The lateral-cranial trajectory demonstrated the highest value among all trajectories (P<0.001). In each trajectory, the correlation coefficient between the pullout strength and BMD of the femoral neck (r=0.74–0.83, P<0.01) was higher than the mean BMD of all the lumbar vertebrae (r=0.49–0.75, P<0.01), BMD of the L4 vertebra (r=0.39–0.64, P<0.01), and regional BMD of the L4 pedicle (r=0.53–0.76, P<0.01).

Conclusions:
Regional variation in the vertebral bone density and the amount of denser bone-screw interface contribute to the differences of stiffness among different screw trajectories. BMD of the femoral neck is considered to be a better objective predictor of pedicle screw stability than that of the lumbar vertebra.
Collaborative purchasing of complex technologies in healthcare
Authors: Gobbi Chiara , Hsuan Juliana 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how buyers and the vendors pursue alignment in collaborative purchasing (CP) of complex medical technologies.Design/methodology/approach– Through a literature review in CP, the paper identify factors for shareholder alignment (i.e. aligning the needs of the buyers within the purchasing group) and customer alignment (i.e. aligning buyers’ needs with the vendors offering strategies) and investigate how they manifest in the case of CP of complex technology in the Danish National Healthcare System.Findings– Shareholder alignment requires appropriate management of the relationships, expertise and guidance in simplifying procedures and effective management of the purchasing group. Customer alignment is facilitated by buyers’ understating of the vendor’s design options, which are moderated by the vendor’s design strategies.Research limitations/implications– The findings and generalizations from a single case study are limited to the complexity of the purchased technology and the specific cultural context. However the paper represents the first explorative study that poses the attention on the relevance of shareholder and customer alignment in CP.Practical implications– The study can offer hospitals, vendors, governmental and regional institutions a better understanding about the alignment mechanisms for successful implementation of CP and how to avoid pitfalls.Originality/value– Literature on CP is scarce as there are virtually no contributions that debate the key elements and tradeoffs that need to be considered for strategic alignment. The study addresses this gap.
Putting the Italians on bicycles: marketing at Bianchi, 1885-1955
Authors: Mari Carlo 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to examine marketing practices within the bicycle industry.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper utilizes both primary and secondary sources to provide a retrospective analysis of marketing strategy at the largest Italian bicycle company.

Findings
– The paper explains how marketing works at the Bianchi company and provides a detailed analysis of how it built its brand identity over time.

Research limitations/implications
– Very few primary sources were available. There was neither a company archive nor other archives. For the most part, the paper is based on secondary sources.

Originality/value
– The paper tries to fill the gap in current marketing literature that usually neglects the bicycle as a relevant topic, despite bicycle companies being a predecessor to the automobile industry. Moreover, the paper demonstrates that bicycle companies developed a rather sophisticated approach to marketing that is still in use.
History as an intangible asset for the Italian fashion business (1950-1954)
Authors: Belfanti Carlo Marco 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to reconstruct the process that led to the appropriation of history – of a particular historical period, the Renaissance – as an intangible asset in the promotion of Italian fashion on the international market after the Second World War.Design/methodology/approach– The paper reconstructs the process that led to the appropriation of history – of a particular historical period, the Renaissance – as an intangible asset in the promotion of Italian fashion on the international market after the Second World War.Findings– The successful debut of Italian fashion in the fifties can be explained through an intelligent marketing campaign which placed it directly in the centre of a well-known, appreciated, not to say indisputable, tradition of “good taste”: that of the Renaissance. Connecting Italian fashion with Renaissance Italy meant in fact introducing a kind ofante litteramguarantee of provenance – a “country branding” - recognized throughout the world, which, at the same time, evoked the splendour of a period in which Italian taste was a model to follow and imitate.Originality/value– The studies on the history of the Italian fashion business have accepted the association of Italian fashion with Renaissance tradition as an element to be taken for granted, without inquiring into the historical legitimacy of such a coupling (either in the way in which it was produced or why it had such an important role). This paper dismantles the consistent rhetorical sedimentation with which the subject is encrusted and provides a new insight, showing that such continuity did not exist; on the contrary, it was the product of a marketing strategy.
The use of social networks in marketing: the Italian co-operative experience
Authors: Battilani Patrizia , Bertagnoni Giuliana 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The main aim of our study is to demonstrate that the Italian way to marketing included not only the “advertising artists” but also what can be labelled as the social network approach, which was mainly used by cooperative enterprises. Focussing on the case study of the Granarolo co-operative, the paper discusses the social network method of marketing as it emerged during the 1950s and 1960s in Italy.Design/methodology/approach– The research draws on different types of primary sources, including co-operative business records, interviews, publications, newspaper articles and advertisements.Findings– In the age of mass consumption, the Granarolo co-operative developed an original marketing strategy based on social networks. This strategy can be considered a kind of community brand based on shared values pre-existing to the brand itself and a kind of viral marketing put in place before the electronic revolution.Research limitations/implications– The research focusses on the Granarolo case study. It can be extended to other co-operative enterprises. However, it is unknown whether the anticipation of viral marketing has also been used by private enterprises.Practical implications– The marketing strategies analyzed in the paper could be a interesting solution for undertakings strictly connected and rooted in their local community or in their Web community.Social implications– In today’s world of the Web, this physical constraint no longer exists, and the social method of marketing exceeds the regional and even the national level. In conclusion, this was an innovative method of marketing and advertising that came into being, ahead of its time, about a half a century before modern Web-based social networks were conceived, yet uses the same concepts, hence its extraordinary originality.Originality/value– This study is the result of an original research which tries to highlight what we could label the Italian way to marketing. Taking into consideration the first two decades of the Granarolo history and focussing on the marketing strategy, our contribution seeks to examine how the social networks approach worked and in what it differs from today brand community and viral marketing.
The performance of a blended real estate portfolio for UK DC investors
Authors: Moss Alex , Farrelly Kieran 
Published: February 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the performance implications for UK DC pension fund investors who choose to combine global listed and UK unlisted real estate in a blended allocation relative to a pure unlisted solution.Design/methodology/approach– Blended listed and unlisted real estate portfolios are constructed. Investor risk and returns are then studied over the full 15 year sample horizon and distinct cyclical phases over this period using a number of risk-return metrics. Performance is then contrasted with that of a pure unlisted solution, as well as UK equity market and bond total returns over the same period.Findings– A UK DC pension fund investor choosing to construct a blended global listed and UK unlisted real estate portfolio would have experienced material return enhancement relative to a pure unlisted solution. The “price” of this enhanced performance and improved liquidity profile is, unsurprisingly, higher portfolio volatility. However, because of the improved returns, the impact upon measured risk adjusted returns is less significant.Practical implications– Relatively liquid blended listed and unlisted real estate portfolios create efficient risk and return outcomes for investors.Originality/value– This study uses actual fund rather than index data (i.e. measures delivered returns to investors), has chosen a global rather than single country listed real estate allocation and is focused on providing clarity around the real estate exposure for a specific investment requirement, the UK DC pension fund market.
Transplantation as an abstract good: practising deliberate ignorance in deceased organ donation in Denmark
Authors: Hoeyer Klaus , Jensen Anja M. B. , Olejaz Maria 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article investigates valuations of organ transfers that are currently seen as legitimising increasingly aggressive procurement methods in Denmark. Based on interviews with registered donors and the intensive care unit staff responsible for managing organ donor patients we identify three types of valuation: the needs of recipients, respect for donors' autonomy and support of donors' relatives in their grieving process. Sometimes these modes of valuation conflict with each other, and we show how our informants then respond with a form of deliberate ignorance. We suggest that deliberate ignorance has a more general salience in the organ transplant field by way of facilitating a perception of organ transplantation as an abstract moral good rather than a specific good for specific people. Furthermore, we suggest that multiple forms of ignorance sustain each other: a desire for ignorance with respect to the prioritisation of recipients sustains pressure for more organs; this pressure necessitates more aggressive measures in organ procurement and these measures increase the need for ignorance in relation to the actual procedures as well as the actual recipients. These attempts to avoid knowledge are in remarkable contrast to the otherwise widespread policy emphasis on education and information in this medical domain.
Explaining Disability Trends in the U.S. Elderly and Near‐Elderly Population
Authors: Chen Yiqun , Sloan Frank A. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectiveTo examine disability trends among U.S. near‐elderly and elderly persons and explain observed trends.Data Source1996–2010 waves of the Health and Retirement Study.Study DesignWe first examined trends in Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living limitations, and large muscle, mobility, gross motor, and fine motor indexes. Then we used decomposition analysis to estimate contributions of changes in sociodemographic composition, self‐reported chronic disease prevalence and health behaviors, and changes in disabling effects of these factors to disability changes between 1996 and 2010.Principal FindingsDisability generally increased or was unchanged. Increased trends were more apparent for near‐elderly than elderly persons. Sociodemographic shifts tended to reduce disability, but their favorable effects were largely offset by increased self‐reported chronic disease prevalence. Changes in smoking and heavy drinking prevalence had relatively minor effects on disability trends. Increased obesity rates generated sizable effects on lower‐body functioning changes. Disabling effects of self‐reported chronic diseases often declined, and educational attainment became a stronger influence in preventing disability.ConclusionsSuch unfavorable trends as increased chronic disease prevalence and higher obesity rates offset or outweighed the favorable effects with the result that disability remained unchanged or increased.