bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic role of Arabic gum against nicotinamide/streptozotocin-induced diabetes and nephropathy in Wistar rats
Authors: Ahmed Osama M. , Mosa Nermeen M. , Abou- Seif Howida S. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Chronic kidney disease is mainly caused by diabetic nephropathy and also causes a lot of suffering and death for people with diabetes, as one of the worst long-term complications. Arabic gum (AG) has been reported to have antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic effects.

Objective
The goal of this study was to scrutinize the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of AG against nicotinamide (NA)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy in Wistar rats.

Materials and methods
The experiment involved three groups of 18 adult male Wistar rats (six each). The normal control group received 0.9% NaCl orally for 8 weeks. The diabetic group received NA intraperitoneal injection (120 mg/kg b.w.) followed by 60 mg/kg body weight (bw) STZ in citrate buffer (pH 4.5) after 15 min. After confirming the induction of diabetes, animals received 0.9% NaCl orally for 8 weeks. The AG-treated diabetic group received 20 mg AG/kg bw/day orally for 8 weeks after diabetes induction.

Results and conclusion
Diabetic rats exhibited hyperglycemia which was confirmed by increased levels of serum fasting glucose and fructosamine. Elevated serum urea, creatinine, uric acid, cystatin c, and sodium levels were noticed in the serum of diabetic rats while potassium levels were markedly reduced reflecting nephropathy. Oxidative stress was evident in the diabetic kidney, as indicated by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). AG administration ameliorated elevated fasting blood glucose and serum fructosamine levels as well as the kidney function parameters in serum. AG also attenuated oxidative stress and increased antioxidant capacity in the diabetic kidney. Immune-inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and tumor suppressor protein (p53) expression were significantly upregulated in diabetic rats, but AG produced a downregulation of them.
Thus, AG possesses an antidiabetic effect and has a nephropreventive effect that was manifested by a decrease of urea, creatinine, uric acid, cystatin c and sodium. AG also has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and minimizes histopathological alterations in the kidneys of diabetic rats. Despite these ameliorative effects, the efficacy and safety of AG as an adjunct drug for diabetic kidney disease needs to be validated by more scientific research.
Low‐resolution activity recognition using super‐resolution and model ensemble networks
Authors: Liu Tinglong , Wang Haiyan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn real‐world video super‐resolution, the complexity and diversity of degradations pose substantial challenges during both training and inference. Videos captured in real‐world settings often depict activities at varying resolutions. Typically, these activities are filmed from a distance that reduces the resolution of imagery, which thus lacks discriminative features. To address this problem, we introduce an activity recognition solution. First, a unique integration of data transformation and attention‐based average discriminator are employed for super‐resolution feature augmentation. This approach mitigates the lack of discriminative cues in low‐resolution videos. Subsequently, high‐resolution features extracted from the recovered data are directly fed into a model ensemble for activity recognition. We evaluate the resulting method on the TinyVIRAT‐v2 and HMDB51 datasets, achieving improved visual quality by leveraging the super‐resolution and model ensemble strategy. The proposed method enhances the quality of textures and boosts activity recognition in low‐resolution videos.
Knowledge of the Therapeutic Goals of Diabetes Care among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia
Authors: Melaku Taye  , Kehabtimer Shiferaw  , Paulos Efrem  , Getahun Tarekegn  
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: A comprehensive cardiovascular risk control reduces diabetes-associated complications but achieving the triplet goals (blood glucose, blood pressure (BP), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C)) remains a clinical challenge. Patients’ knowledge of these diabetes therapeutic goals has been shown to improve glycemic control. However, this is not well studied in Ethiopia.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2020 in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital among randomly selected 419 patients with type 2 diabetes. Data was collected using a pretested, structured questionnaire. A multivariable binary logistic regression was fitted to identify determinants of knowledge.RESULTS: The mean age (±SD) of study participants was 57.4 (±10.8) years and the median duration (IQR) of diabetes was 12 (7, 20) years. A quarter of them achieved fasting glycemic control, a fifth of them attained the A1c goal and only 3% achieved the triple targets. Patients who reported knowing their target goals for BP, fasting blood sugar (FBS), A1C, and LDL-C were 79.5, 77.3, 11.7, and 7.2% respectively. The factors associated with knowledge of the therapeutic goals were longer diabetes duration, increased household income, age, being divorced as compared to married, having no formal education, and primary education.CONCLUSION: The majority of participants knew their BP and FBS targets while only a minority understood their A1c and LDLC targets. It highlighted the need for the provision of patientcentered diabetes education to improve knowledge of the therapeutic targets.
Spiritual Experiences of Patients in the Cancer Trajectory: A Content Analysis
Authors: Mahboobeh Khosravani  , Nazi Nejat  
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Introduction: Patients with cancer as a life-threatening illness have needs in various dimensions. One of the most crucial dimension is spiritually. The present study was conducted to elucidate the spiritual needs of patients with cancer.
METHODS: A qualitative approach involving face to face semi-structured interviews conducted in Arak city, Iran. In total, 24 participants were recruited through purposive sampling. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The data were analyzed using content analysis.
RESULTS: Patients' experiences of spirituality were classified into four themes, including spiritual needs (need to be in nature, need to communicate with others, need to perform religious practices, need for solitude and reflections, need to trust and security), strategies to address spiritual needs (physical activity, achieving inner peace, communication with the nurse or physician, doing dhikr (Zikr) and pray, reading the religious book and texts, making vows, paying attention to and loving others), reasons for not using spiritual resources (lack of belief in the healing powers of praying, believing in a better life after death), and impacts of spiritual beliefs (hope of Life, belief in divine destiny, trusting in God’s support, accepting the divine test).
CONCLUSION: Exploring the experiences, perceptions, and spiritual needs of cancer patients is of great importance in providing spiritual care as one of the critical aspects of holistic care. Nurses should be educated for assessing spiritual needs of patients to provide spiritual care.
Clinical and Epidemiological Profiles of Patients with End Stage Kidney Disease on Dialysis at Dialysis Centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Lissane Seifu  , Seifemichael Getachew  , Bezaye Abebe  , Zerihun Debay  
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: End-stage kidney disease is increasing worldwide, primarily in the developing countries. It is affecting mainly the productive age group. Though the prevalence of the disease is increasing in Ethiopia, there are few studies. We therefore sought to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hemodialysis patients.
METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at 17 hemodialysis centers in Addis Ababa. Patients who received hemodialysis for at least three months were included in the study. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected via questionnaires from October to November 2021.
RESULTS: This study involved 318 participants with males making up 197 (61.9%) of the participants. Among the total, 248 (78.0%) were in the age group of 20 to 60 years and 155 (48.7%) were unemployed. Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the major risk factors for end-stage kidney disease. The mean duration of dialysis was 2.26 years. The frequency of dialysis was twice weekly in 150 (47.2%) of the patients and thrice weekly in 138 (43.4%) of the patients. Arterio veneous fistula was used in approximately three-quarters of patients, i.e. 237 (74.5%). The majority of the patients on hemodialysis, 193 (60.7%), pay their own expenses, and 52 (16.4%) of the patients received hemodialysis at public hemodialysis centers. More than two-third of the patients were not in the process of undergoing a kidney transplant due to a variety of factors, including inability to find a donor, 106 (47.7%), being unfit for surgery, 56 (25.2%), and financial constraints, 38 (17.1%).
CONCLUSION: The majority of the patients on dialysis were men, middle-aged, and unemployed. The majority of the patients underwent dialysis in private institutions and were self-funded, and most of them had inadequate dialysis doses. The inability to find a living donor was the most difficult aspect of undergoing kidney transplantation.
The Impact of Psychiatric Care Program on Empathy of Neonatal Intensive Care Nurses in Iran
Authors: Mohammad Heidarzadeh  , Haydeh Heidari  , Shima Heidary  , Ali Ahmadi  
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: The main role of nurses is not only to inform about the disease and treatment of the patient but also to establish an effective therapeutic relationship to address concerns and provide empathy, comfort, and support. This issue is very prominent in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and doubles the importance of empathetic communication between nurses and parents and promoting empathy skills in nurses working in neonatal intensive care units. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a support program on the empathy of neonatal intensive care nurses across the Iran.
METHODS: This study was conducted in 2021 as a semi-experimental intervention in a group of 166 nurses working in the neonatal department all over Iran who met the inclusion criteria. Jefferson's empathy questionnaire was completed electronically by the participants before and after the online education program start. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (V 24.0).
RESULTS: The empathy score of nurses was 60.31 ± 5.76 before and 66.47 ±6.60 after the intervention. The empathy scores of nurses after the intervention increased statistically significantly.
CONCLUSION: Nurses can communicate empathically with parents by training their verbal and nonverbal communication skills and gaining a common understanding of the feelings of parents of premature infants.
Surgical Informed Consent in Clinical Practice: Patients’ Perspective Undergoing Cesarean Section at Three Teaching Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Eskinder Kebede  , Tadios Tasew  , Dawit worku  
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Informed consent is a communication process of providing the patient/parents/guardians with relevant information regarding the diagnosis and the treatment so that they can make informed decisions. This study was to assess the practice of surgical informed consent in Addis Ababa.
METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study was undertaken in Addis Ababa in 2021. A total of 312 women who underwent cesarean section were interviewed immediately after their hospital discharge. Thirteen components of SIC were used based on international recommendations, including the Royal College of Surgeons’ standards of informed consent practices for surgical procedures.
RESULTS: Almost all (100 %) of the respondents were asked to provide written consent, and 96.2 % of them signed the consent form. Most women (89.4%) received information about the indication(s). Few (18.6%) respondents were informed about the type of anesthesia to be administered while only 9 %( n= 28) of them were given an opportunity to choose the option of anesthesia. Only 44.9% of the respondents have received at least six of the 13 components of SIC suggested by the investigators. In this, the most secured data was the signature of the patient which is 96 %. The least documented element of SIC was alternative treatment.
CONCLUSION: A majority of women who underwent both elective and emergency cesarean section did not receive comprehensive information during the Surgical Informed Consent process in the study hospitals. There is a need that patients need to be counseled during antenatal visits, specifically when patients visit near term for antenatal checkups.
Magnitude and Associated Factors of Suicidal Ideation and Attempts among High School Adolescents of Jimma Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Hayat Mohamed Aliy  , Habtamu Abebe Getahun  , Lelisa Sena Dadi  
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Studies show that suicidal ideation and attempt are major predictors of suicide. Flourishing technologies such cyber bullying, increased local and global events, like pandemics, wars, and effects of climate change exacerbate vulnerability of adolescents to mental health problems. Thus, timely epidemiological information is important for evidence-based practices. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the magnitude and associated factors of suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt among school adolescents.
METHODS: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in June 2022 on randomly selected 1144 school adolescents using multistage sampling technique. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Then, data were cleaned, entered into Epi-data V.3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Multivariable logistic regression was done to identify predictors of suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt among adolescents. Adjusted odds ratio and confidence interval (CI) were respectively used to measure statistical associations and their statistical significance.
RESULTS: The prevalence of lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt were 22.5%, and 13.3%, respectively, while 12-month suicidal ideation and attempt were found to be 14.6% and 10%, respectively. Being female, disappointment in school results, family history of suicide attempt, current alcohol intake, anxiety, and chronic medical condition were significantly associated with both suicidal ideation and attempt while cyber bullying was significantly associated with suicidal ideation only.
CONCLUSIONS: Unsupportive home environment plus behavioral and medical conditions predispose school adolescents to suicidal ideation and attempt. The Ministry of Education and school administrations should facilitate favorable environment that enhance mental health awareness and protection of school adolescents. Building better parent-child relationship and parental discretion on the use of mobile phones can mitigate suicidal ideation and attempt.
Are We Missing Hypothyroidism among Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia?
Authors: Akodu SO  , Adekanmbi AF  , Ogunlesi TA  , Fetuga MB  
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: Children with sickle cell anaemia have been reported to have potential risk of hypothyroidism from chronic blood transfusions and probable thyroid tissue ischaemia. However, few studies on hypothyroidism status of children with sickle cell anaemia in Nigeria are available. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism among children with sickle cell anaemia.
METHODS: A cross sectional study that assayed the thyroid hormones and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of 71 children with sickle cell anaemia was conducted at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital Sagamu. Using age appropriate hormonal reference values, the subjects were classified into sub-clinical, primary and secondary hypothyroidism.
RESULTS: The mean serum TSH, Free T3, and Free T4 were comparable irrespective of age category (p > 0.05). No subject was identified to have low TSH value while 7.0% had high TSH value. Low free T3 was identified in 1.4% and 8.5% had high free T3 values. Low free T3 and free T4 were seen in 11.3% each of the subjects. The overall prevalence of primary, secondary and sub-clinical hypothyroidism was 0%, 0% and 4.2%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Sub-clinical hypothyroidism does occur in Nigerian children with sickle cell anaemia. Routine screening for hypothyroidism is advocated in all children with sickle cell anaemia.
ANALYSIS OF MARITIME ACCIDENTS IN MALAYSIAN WATERS
Authors: Mohamed Fazlee Umi Syahirah , Yusoff Mohammad Saifullah , Mohd Rof’ie Nur Ruzana , Mohd Salleh Nurul Haqimin , Osman Nor Hasni , Abdullah Mohd Azhafiz , Mokhtar Kasypi , Chuah Lai Fatt , Bokhari Awais 
Published: July 2024

Throughout the South China Sea and the Malacca Strait, more than 60% of all maritime trade passes each year. The rapid growth in fleet size and ship size may lead to an increase in maritime accidents. Since many maritime accidents cause serious injuries, fatalities, damage of property and monetary losses, it is essential and crucial to discuss about marine safety. In this study, a statistical analysis was performed in order to assess the number of maritime accidents that occurred in Malaysia between 2018 and 2021, as well as the percentage of accidents that occurred in each accident category and for each type of ship. The analysis also considers the age of the ship. The data that were presented also looks into a potential relationship between the age of the ship and the accident percentage. The results demonstrate that general cargo ships were the ship categories that are most vulnerable to maritime accidents; collisions were the accident type that occurs most frequently, and there were several relationships between the accident percentage and ship age. The results may be utilized to help seafarers, related government agencies and other relevant organizations promote risk prevention, create efficient risk response plans, and establish strategies to enhance the marine mechanism for managing safety in Malaysian waterways.
O‘ZBEK FRAZEOLOGIK BIRLIKLARINING PRAGMATIK TAHLILI
Authors: Xursanov Nurislom 
Published: July 2024

Frazeologiya – til durdonasidir. Bunda xalqning tarixi, turmushi va madaniyatining o‘ziga xosliklari aks etadi. Frazeologizmlarda xalqning yorqin milliy xususiyatlari mujassam bo‘ladi. Frazeologizmlar chuqur va boy ma’noga ega bo‘lishi bilan bir qatorda nutqqa alohida ko‘rk, estetik mazmun bag‘ishlaydi, uni tilga “bezak” yoki, aksincha, “ortiqcha” deb eskirgan qarash bilan baho berib bo‘lmaydi. Ular, eng avvalo, har qachon xalqning “oltin xazinasi”, “oltin sandig‘i” sifatida o‘sha xalqning tarixi, taraqqiyot yo‘li, madaniy boyliklari milliy an’analari, marosimlari, diniy qarashlari, o‘sha xalq bilan bog‘liq barcha voqealarni jamlovchi, saqlovchi, etkazib beruvchi, “akkumulyativ” funksiyaga ham egadir. Mazkur maqola o‘zbek tilshunosligida frazeologik birliklar tadqiqi haqida so‘z yuritiladi.
RAMZ AXRETIPLARINING TASNIFLANISHI VA BADIIY TAHLILI
Authors: Umarov Umidjon 
Published: July 2024

Ushbu maqola ramz arxetiplariga ta’rif berib, ularning badiiy adabiyotda qo‘llanilish usullari va adabiy asarlardagi ahamiyati haqida so‘z yuritadi. Ramz arxetiplarining tasniflanishi va ularda qanday universal badiiy ko‘chma ma’no aks etishini ifodalaydi.
АРАБ ДУНЁСИДА “МАСАЛ” ИЛМИНИНГ ВУЖУДГА КЕЛИШИ ВА РИВОЖИ
Authors: Мусаев Файзулло 
Published: July 2024

Араб маданияти қадим даврларда Яқин ва Ўрта Шаркдаги ўзга халқлар маданияти билан ўзаро боғланишда ривожланган. Жумладан, қадимги Миср ва Икки дарё оралиғи (Месопотамия -ҳозирги Ирок ва Сурия худудлари) халқлари маданияти, қадимги Финикия, Фаластин, Яман, Эрон ва бошка халқлар маданиятлари билан араб маданиятининг туташ жиҳатлари йўқ эмас. Исломдан илгари икки аср давомида шаклланган шеърият ярим оғзаки, ярим ёзма адабиёт характерига эгадир. Арабларда оғзаки ижод умумлашган холда муайян атамага эга бўлмаган. Оғзаки ижоднинг халк орасида энг урф бўлган турларидан бири «масал» (кўпликда «амсал») деб аталган бўлиб, унинг ўрни араб маънавиятида алоҳида ажралиб туради. Мазкур мақолада араб дунёсида масал илмининг келиб чиқиши, шаклланиши, ҳамда араб адабиётига катта таъсир қўшганлиги ҳақида батафсил маълумотлар келтирилади.
MAKTABDA KIMYOVIY MASALALARNI ECHISH BOʻYICHA MASHGʻULOTLARNI TASHKIL ETISH SHAKILLARI
Authors: Ajiniyazova Sholpan , Uteniyazov Karimbay 
Published: July 2024

Ushbu maqolada umumiy oʼrta taʼlim maktablarida kimyo fanini o’qitishda kimyodan masalalarni echish mashgʻulotlarini tashki etish shakillari: sinfda frontal taʼlim, guruhlarda ishlashda masalalarni echishga oʻrganish, oʻqituvchi rahbarligida sinfda kimyoviy masalalarni yechish boʻyicha individual mashgʻulotlar, oʻqituvchi rahbarligida sinfda kimyoviy masalalarni yechish boʻyicha individual mashgʻulotlar, dasturlashtirilgan taʼlim, oʻquvchilarning mustaqil ishi, toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri va teskari masalalarni oʻz-oʻzidan tuzish, repetitor yordamida oʻqitishni tashkil etish usullari keltirilgan.
Towards Unsupervised Learning Driven Intelligence for Prediction of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Nsugbe Ejay 
Published: July 2024

Prostate cancer is a widespread and global disease which affects adult males – it is said that key causes of the cancer include age, family history, and ethnicity. In this study, the Kaggle prostate cancer dataset, comprising of data from 100 patients with a mixture that both had cancer and did not have cancer, was used alongside machine learning prediction models for the design of unsupervised and automated intelligent systems for the prediction of prostate cancer. Two intelligent systems were designed and underpinned by unsupervised learning algorithms, namely fuzzy c-means and agglomerative hierarchical clustering, where the various intelligent systems were able to make a prostate cancer prediction with accuracies of over 80% for the various classification metrics, alongside being able to predict an associated stage of the prostate cancer. Both designed intelligent systems offer a complimentary alternative to each other, and their relative merits are discussed in the paper.

Received: 1 December 2023 | Revised: 7 April 2024 | Accepted: 5 July 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
Data is available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Author Contribution Statement
Ejay Nsugbe: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration.