bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Escritura, encarnação, temporização: Merleau-Ponty e Derrida acerca de A origem da Geometria
Authors: Alloa Emmanuel 
Published: September 2014

A história intelectual do século XX tem sido escrita ao longo de um cenário que vê, na morte de Merleau-Ponty em 1961, a linha de divisória entre uma geração existencial e fenomenológica e o evento do estruturalismo imediatamente subsequente. A publicação das notas de leitura de Merleau-Ponty sobre o texto A origem da geometria, de Edmund Husserl, tem mostrado quão frágeis são os alicerces desta leitura simplificadora. Na verdade, enquanto a tradução e introdução de Derrida ao texto de Husserl, de 1962, tornavam-se um texto fundamentador para a geração estruturalista, introduzindo uma reflexão sobre a historicidade e a materialidade da idealidade, foi apenas em 1998, com a publicação das notas da conferência de Merleau-Ponty no Collège de France, em 1959, sobre o mesmo tópico, que se tornou claro quão próximo está o primeiro Derrida do último Merleau-Ponty. Assim como Derrida, Merleau-Ponty identificou, na tensão husserliana entre arqueologia e teleologia, o problema básico da fenomenologia, introduzindo a questão da história e a do meio de transmissão cultural. Comparar tais leituras em seu contexto específico não apenas permite um retrato mais complexo dos debates intelectuais da época, mas também mostra como, com a interpretação de Merleau-Ponty sobre A origem da geometria, a "diferença" de Derrida antecede-se e admite outra genealogia.
Non‐growing‐season soil respiration is controlled by freezing and thawing processes in the summer monsoon‐dominated Tibetan alpine grassland
Authors: Wang Yonghui , Liu Huiying , Chung Haegeun , Yu Lingfei , Mi Zhaorong , Geng Yan , Jing Xin , Wang Shiping , Zeng Hui , Cao Guangmin , Zhao Xinquan , He Jin‐Sheng 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe Tibetan alpine grasslands, sharing many features with arctic tundra ecosystems, have a unique non‐growing‐season climate that is usually dry and without persistent snow cover. Pronounced winter warming recently observed in this ecosystem may significantly alter the non‐growing‐season carbon cycle processes such as soil respiration (Rs), but detailed measurements to assess the patterns, drivers of, and potential feedbacks on Rs have not been made yet. We conducted a 4 year study on Rs using a unique Rs measuring system, composed of an automated soil CO2 flux sampling system and a custom‐made container, to facilitate measurements in this extreme environment. We found that in the nongrowing season, (1) cumulative Rs was 82–89 g C m−2, accounting for 11.8–13.2% of the annual total Rs; (2) surface soil freezing controlled the diurnal pattern of Rs and bulk soil freezing induced lower reference respiration rate (R0) and temperature sensitivity (Q10) than those in the growing season (0.40–0.53 versus 0.84–1.32 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 for R0 and 2.5–2.9 versus 2.9–5.6 for Q10); and (3) the intraannual variation in cumulative Rs was controlled by accumulated surface soil temperature. We found that in the summer monsoon‐dominated Tibetan alpine grassland, surface soil freezing, bulk soil freezing, and accumulated surface soil temperature are the day‐, season‐, and year‐scale drivers of the non‐growing‐season Rs, respectively. Our results suggest that warmer winters can trigger carbon loss from this ecosystem because of higher Q10 of thawed than frozen soils.
A focusing reflectarray and its application in microwave virus sanitizer
Authors: Hung Wan‐Ting , Tung Jen‐Jung , Chen Shih‐Yuan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this paper, a focusing reflectarray based on the conductor‐backed strip dipole unit cell is proposed and designed for use in the microwave virus sanitizer. Unlike traditional far‐field antennas that form a planar phase front in a specified far‐field direction, the focusing reflectarray is designed to coherently add the fields radiated from the feeding antenna at a predetermined focal point, typically within its radiating near‐field region and to ensure adequate power density to inactivate the H3N2 virus sample. Furthermore, the focusing reflectarray has a simple and planar structure compared with conventional focusing antennas. Since the microwave resonant absorption frequency of the H3N2 virus is at about 8 GHz, an 8 × 8 focusing reflectarray is designed for operation at 8 GHz. A prototype antenna is then fabricated and used for H3N2 virus sanitization. It is demonstrated experimentally that the death rate of the H3N2 virus sample is up to 93%, verifying the feasibility of the microwave virus sanitizer as well as the proposed focusing reflectarray.
Coupling ground and airborne geophysical data with upscaling techniques for regional groundwater modeling of heterogeneous aquifers: Case study of a sedimentary aquifer intruded by volcanic dykes in Northern Ireland
Authors: Dickson Neil Edwin Matthew , Comte Jean‐Christophe , McKinley Jennifer , Ofterdinger Ulrich 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn highly heterogeneous aquifer systems, conceptualization of regional groundwater flow models frequently results in the generalization or negligence of aquifer heterogeneities, both of which may result in erroneous model outputs. The calculation of equivalence related to hydrogeological parameters and applied to upscaling provides a means of accounting for measurement scale information but at regional scale. In this study, the Permo‐Triassic Lagan Valley strategic aquifer in Northern Ireland is observed to be heterogeneous, if not discontinuous, due to subvertical trending low‐permeability Tertiary dolerite dykes. Interpretation of ground and aerial magnetic surveys produces a deterministic solution to dyke locations. By measuring relative permeabilities of both the dykes and the sedimentary host rock, equivalent directional permeabilities, that determine anisotropy calculated as a function of dyke density, are obtained. This provides parameters for larger scale equivalent blocks, which can be directly imported to numerical groundwater flow models. Different conceptual models with different degrees of upscaling are numerically tested and results compared to regional flow observations. Simulation results show that the upscaled permeabilities from geophysical data allow one to properly account for the observed spatial variations of groundwater flow, without requiring artificial distribution of aquifer properties. It is also found that an intermediate degree of upscaling, between accounting for mapped field‐scale dykes and accounting for one regional anisotropy value (maximum upscaling) provides results the closest to the observations at the regional scale.
Gold(I) Catalysis at Extreme Concentrations Inside Self‐Assembled Nanospheres
Authors: Gramage‐Doria Rafael , Hessels Joeri , Leenders Stefan H. A. M. , Tröppner Oliver , Dürr Maximilian , Ivanović‐Burmazović Ivana , Reek Joost N. H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHomogeneous transition‐metal catalysis is a crucial technology for the sustainable preparation of valuable chemicals. The catalyst concentration is usually kept as low as possible, typically at mM or μM levels, and the effect of high catalyst concentration is hardly exploited because of solubility issues and the inherent unfavorable catalyst/substrate ratio. Herein, a self‐assembly strategy is reported which leads to local catalyst concentrations ranging from 0.05 M to 1.1 M, inside well‐defined nanospheres, whilst the overall catalyst concentration in solution remains at the conventional mM levels. We disclose that only at this high concentration, the gold(I) chloride is reactive and shows high selectivity in intramolecular CO and CC bond‐forming cyclization reactions.
Protease Probes that Enable Excimer Signaling upon Scission
Authors: Fischbach Melanie , Resch‐Genger Ute , Seitz Oliver 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPeptide‐based probes that fluoresce upon proteolytic cleavage are invaluable tools for monitoring protease activity. The read‐out of protease activity through pyrene excimer signaling would be a valuable asset because the large Stokes shift and the long lifetime of the excimer emission facilitate measurements in autofluorescent media such as blood serum. However, proteolytic cleavage abolishes rather than installs the proximity relationships required for excimer signaling. Herein, we introduce a new probe architecture to enable the switching on of pyrene excimer emission upon proteolytic scission. The method relies on hairpin‐structured peptide nucleic acid (PNA)/peptide hybrids with pyrene units and anthraquinone‐based quencher residues positioned in a zipper‐like arrangement within the PNA stem. The excimer hairpin peptide beacons afforded up to a 50‐fold enhancement of the pyrene excimer emission. Time‐resolved measurements allowed the detection of matrix metalloprotease 7 in human blood serum.
Helical Graphitic Carbon Nitrides with Photocatalytic and Optical Activities
Authors: Zheng Yun , Lin Lihua , Ye Xiangju , Guo Fangsong , Wang Xinchen 
Published: September 2014

AbstractGraphitic carbon nitride can be imprinted with a twisted hexagonal rod‐like morphology by a nanocasting technique using chiral silicon dioxides as templates. The helical nanoarchitectures promote charge separation and mass transfer of carbon nitride semiconductors, enabling it to act as a more efficient photocatalyst for water splitting and CO2 reduction than the pristine carbon nitride polymer. This is to our knowledge a unique example of chiral graphitic carbon nitride that features both left‐ and right‐handed helical nanostructures and exhibits unique optical activity to circularly polarized light at the semiconductor absorption edge as well as photoredox activity for solar‐to‐chemical conversion. Such helical nanostructured polymeric semiconductors are envisaged to hold great promise for a range of applications that rely on such semiconductor properties as well as chirality for photocatalysis, asymmetric catalysis, chiral recognition, nanotechnology, and chemical sensing.
Effect of electrostatic functional monomers on lysozyme recognition by molecularly imprinted hydrogel
Authors: Kashefi Mofrad Seyed Mohammad Reza , Naeimpoor Fereshteh , Hejazi Parisa , Nematollahzadeh Ali 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTElectrostatic functional monomers (EFMs) play an important role in noncovalent molecular imprinting due to their formed complexes with the complementary segment(s) of the template molecule. In this work using UV difference spectroscopy, interaction saturations of methacrylic‐acid and 2‐dimethyl‐amino‐ethyl‐methacrylate in complex formation with lysozyme (Lyz) surface was found to occur at molar ratios to Lyz of 400 and 100, respectively. Based on these results and the estimated free to total EFMs ratios, four sets of imprinted/nonimprinted hydrogel samples were synthesized alongside the two sets based on lysozyme surface charges and equal EFMs. Comparisons showed that the highest absorption capacity of 59 mg/g and imprinting effect of 1.58 correspond to samples with EFM/Lyz ratios at saturation and minimum free to total EFM/Lyz ratios, respectively. Minimization of free monomers is hence important in recognition of proteins by avoiding the nonspecific binding. This can have generic application for specific separation of other macromolecules. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41366.
Fish invading deserts: non‐native species in arid Moroccan rivers
Authors: Clavero Miguel , Esquivias Javier , Qninba Abdeljebbar , Riesco María , Calzada Javier , Ribeiro Filipe , Fernández Néstor , Delibes Miguel 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Desert rivers are highly dynamic systems in which dry periods, frequently involving the cessation of superficial flow, alternate with violent flash floods. In spite of their territorial importance and high functional and biological diversity, desert rivers have received little attention in the scientific literature, especially in Northern Africa.
This study investigated the distribution of non‐native fish, their relationship with river damming and their potential impacts on native biodiversity in the main river basins draining arid areas of Morocco (Oued Draa, Oued Ziz and Oued Ghir), based on field sampling covering 84 stream reaches.
Thirteen fish species were recorded, eight of which are non‐native. Two species (stone moroko, Pseudorasbora parva, and bleak, Alburnus alburnus) had not been previously recorded in Morocco, while the native sandsmelt (Atherina boyeri) had not been cited as an invader. Pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) was the most widely distributed non‐native fish.
Non‐native fish species were associated with reservoirs, colonizing the regulated downstream reaches. In contrast, unregulated upstream reaches tended to be free of non‐natives. The low abundance of native fish in reservoirs seems to be caused by the impacts of introduced fish species.
Management options for environmental flow are limited, owing to reduced water availability. Non‐native fish management should thus focus on limiting the spread of species already introduced and avoiding new introductions, especially into reservoirs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large‐eddy simulations of Hector the convector making the stratosphere wetter
Authors: Dauhut Thibaut , Chaboureau Jean‐Pierre , Escobar Juan , Mascart Patrick 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA large‐eddy simulation (LES) was performed for a Hector thunderstorm observed on 30 November 2005 over the Tiwi Islands. On that day, ice particles reaching 19‐km altitude were measured. The LES developed overshooting updrafts penetrating the stratosphere that compared well with observations. Much of the water injected in the form of ice particles sublimated in the lower stratosphere. Net hydration was found with a 16% increase in water vapour. While moistening appeared to be robust with respect to the grid spacing used, grid spacing on the order of 100 m may be necessary for a reliable estimate of hydration.
Der Lexikograf Gerhard Wahrig – Systemgrenzen und Ressourcen: Zur Entstehung seines Projekts „Wörterbuch als Datenbank“
Authors: Wahrig‐Burfeind Renate , Wahrig Bettina 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSystems, Boundaries and Resources: The Lexicographer Gerhard Wahrig (1923–1978) and the Genesis of his Project “Dictionary as Database”. Gerhard Wahrig’s private archive has recently been retrieved by the authors and their siblings. We undertake a first survey of the unpublished material and concentrate on those aspects of Wahrig’s bio‐ergography which stand in relation to his life project “dictionary as database”, realised shortly before his death. We argue that this project was conceived in the 1950s, while Wahrig was writing and editing dictionaries and encyclopedias for the Bibliographisches Institut in Leipzig. Wahrig, who had been a wireless operator in WWII, was well informed about the development of computers in West Germany. He was influenced both by Ferdinand de Saussure and by the discussion on language and structure in the Soviet Union. When he crossed the German/German border in 1959, he experienced mechanisms of exclusion before he could establish himself in the West as a lexicographer. We argue that the transfer of symbolic and human capital was problematic due to the cultural differences between the two Germanies. In the 1970s, he became a professor of General and Applied Linguistics. The project of a “dictionary as database” was intended both as a basis for extensive empirical research on the semantic structure of natural languages and as a working tool for the average user of the German language. Due to his untimely death, he could not pursue his idea of exploring semantic networks.
Solvent effect on the relative quantum yield and fluorescence quenching of a newly synthesized coumarin derivative
Authors: Nagaraja D. , Melavanki R. M. , Patil N. R. , Geethanjali H. S. , Kusanur R. A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe estimated the relative florescence quantum yield (Φ) of 8‐methoxy‐3‐[1‐(4,5‐dicarbomethoxy‐1,2,3‐triazoloacetyl)]coumarin [8MDTC] using a single‐point method with quinine sulfate in 0.1 M of sulfuric acid used as a standard reference. The fluorescence lifetimes, radiative and non‐radiative decay rate constants are calculated. Relative quantum yields were found to be less in the non‐polar solvents, indicating that the solute exhibits less fluorescence in a non‐polar environment. The fluorescence quenching of [8MDTC] by aniline was studied at room temperature by examining the steady state in five different solvents in order to explore various possible quenching mechanisms. The experimental results show a positive deviation in Stern–Volmer plots in all solvents. Ground state complex and sphere of action static quenching models were used to interpret the results. Many quenching rate parameters were calculated using these models. The values of these parameters suggest that the sphere of action static quenching model agrees well with the experimental results. Further, a finite sink approximation model was used to check whether these bimolecular reactions were diffusion limited or not. The values of the distance parameter R′ and the diffusion coefficient D were determined and are compared with the values of the encounter distance R and diffusion coefficient D calculated using the Stokes–Einstein equation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and expression of proprotein convertases in CHO cells: Efficient proteolytic maturation of human bone morphogenetic protein‐7
Authors: Sathyamurthy Madhavi , Kim Che Lin , Bang You Lim , Kim Young Sik , Jang Ju Woong , Lee Gyun Min 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBone morphogenetic protein‐7 (BMP‐7) is synthesized as a precursor that requires proteolytic cleavage of the propeptide by proprotein convertases (PCs) for its functional activity. A high‐level expression of BMP‐7 in CHO cells (CHO‐BMP‐7) resulted in secretion of a mixture of inactive precursor and active BMP‐7. In an effort to achieve efficient processing of BMP‐7 in CHO cells, PCs responsible for cleavage of the precursors in CHO cells were characterized. Analysis of the mRNA expression levels of four PCs (furin, PACE4, PC5/6, and PC7) revealed that only furin and PC7 genes are expressed in CHO‐BMP‐7 cells. Specific inhibition of the PCs by hexa‐D‐arginine (D6R) or decanoyl‐RVKR‐chloromethyl ketone (RVKR‐CMK) further revealed that furin is mainly responsible for the proteolytic processing of BMP‐7. To identify a more efficient PC for BMP‐7 processing, the four PC genes were transiently expressed in CHO‐BMP‐7 cells, respectively. Among these, PC5/6 was found to be the most efficient in BMP‐7 processing. Stable overexpression of PC5/6ΔC, a secreted form of PC5/6, significantly improved mature BMP‐7 production in CHO‐BMP‐7 cells. When the maximum BMP‐7 concentration was obtained in the culture of CHO‐BMP‐7 cells, approximately 88% of BMP‐7 was unprocessed. In contrast, no precursor was found in the culture of PC5/6ΔC‐overexpressing cells (clone #97). Furthermore, the in vitro biological activity of the mature BMP‐7 from PC5/6ΔC‐overexpressing cells was comparable to that from CHO‐BMP‐7 cells. Taken together, the present results indicate that overexpression of PC5/6ΔC in CHO‐BMP‐7 cells is an efficient means of increasing the yield of BMP‐7. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 560–568. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The stability and sales contribution of heavy‐buying households
Authors: Romaniuk Jenni , Wight Samuel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCreating long‐term heavy buyers underpins many theories of consumer behaviour and marketing plans. This makes heavy‐buying households an attractive target for research and marketing activities. However, analysis across over 150 brands in 15 categories reveals that only around 50 per cent of the heavy‐buying households of a brand in 1 year to remain heavy brand buyers in the next year. This provides a benchmark for marketers implementing strategies to reduce leakage from heavy‐buyer segmentations. This result, however, casts doubt on the reliability of heavy buying as a household/buyer targeting characteristic and calls into question the idea that long‐term heavy brand buyers can be cultivated. There is evidence that category heavy buying is consistently more stable behaviour, averaging 67 per cent year‐on‐year buyer stability. Therefore, if heavy buying behaviour is a targeting characteristic, the results support the use of category buying, rather than brand buying weight. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of trust in financial customer–seller relationships before and after the financial crisis
Authors: Hansen Torben 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis study examines the role of trust in customer–seller relationships before and after the 2008 financial crisis. On the basis of two surveys comprising 1155 and 757 bank customers, respectively, it is shown that trust is less likely to mediate the relationship between satisfaction and loyalty after the financial crisis compared with before the financial crisis. The results suggest that consumers rely more on satisfaction and less on trust after the financial crisis compared with before the financial crisis when determining whether they should remain loyal to a particular financial service provider. Hence, as a direct managerial implication, financial service managers should consider investing additional resources in satisfying their customers in the after crisis era. In addition, it is suggested that managers should seek to rebuild the positive relationship between trust and loyalty in order to receive the full benefit of their trust‐building efforts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective CH Bond Functionalization of 2‐(2‐Thienyl)pyridine by a Rhodium N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst
Authors: Rubio‐Pérez Laura , Iglesias Manuel , Castarlenas Ricardo , Polo Victor , Pérez‐Torrente Jesús J. , Oro Luis A. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract[Rh(μ‐Cl)(H)2(IPr)]2 (IPr=1,3‐bis‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene) catalyzes the selective functionalization of 2‐(2‐thienyl)pyridine efficiently with a range of alkenes and internal alkynes. A catalytic cycle is proposed on the basis of the identification of key reaction intermediates and the study of their reactivity by NMR spectroscopy. Theoretical calculations at the DFT level support that the reaction proceeds by initial κ1N coordination of 2‐(2‐thienyl)pyridine followed by the loss of H2 to afford the active catalyst. Subsequently, cyclometalation of 2‐(2‐thienyl)pyridine, coordination of the unsaturated substrate (alkyne or alkene) at the vacant position trans to the hydride, and reductive elimination of the thiophene moiety occur. Finally, cyclometalation of the thiophene moiety renders the hydride cis to the unsaturated substrate, which leads to migratory insertion into the RhH bond and subsequent reductive elimination of the functionalized product.
Simultaneously Sizing and Quantitating Zeptomole‐Level DNA at High Throughput in Free Solution
Authors: Zhu Zaifang , Chen Huang , Chen Apeng , Lu Joann J. , Liu Shaorong , Zhao Meiping 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are the groups of Shaorong Liu at the University of Oklahoma and Meiping Zhao at Peking University. The top part of the image depicts a new but simple way to resolve DNA, which can be separated using only a piece of open narrow capillary; the bottom part depicts the high‐throughput and high‐resolution separation results. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201403861.