bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic effects of antidepressants on serotonin release in rat raphe slice cultures: high potency of milnacipran in the augmentation of serotonin release
Authors: Nagayasu Kazuki , Kitaichi Maiko , Nishitani Naoya , Asaoka Nozomi , Shirakawa Hisashi , Nakagawa Takayuki , Kaneko Shuji 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Most clinically-used antidepressants acutely increase monoamine levels in synaptic clefts, while their therapeutic effects often require several weeks of administration. Slow neuroadaptive changes in serotonergic neurons are considered to underlie this delayed onset of beneficial actions. Recently, we reported that sustained exposure of rat organotypic raphe slice cultures containing abundant serotonergic neurons to selective serotonin (5-HT) reuptake inhibitors (citalopram, fluoxetine and paroxetine) caused the augmentation of exocytotic serotonin release. However, the ability of other classes of antidepressants to evoke a similar outcome has not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the sustained actions of two tricyclic antidepressants (imipramine and desipramine), one tetracyclic antidepressant (mianserin), three 5-HT and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (milnacipran, duloxetine and venlafaxine) and one noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant (mirtazapine) on serotonin release in the slice cultures. For seven of nine antidepressants, sustained exposure to the agents at concentrations of 0.1–100 µm augmented the level of increase in extracellular serotonin. The rank order of their potency was as follows: milnacipran>duloxetine>citalopram>venlafaxine>imipramine>fluoxetine>desipramine. Neither mirtazapine nor mianserin caused any augmentation. The highest augmentation by sustained exposure to milnacipran was partially attenuated by an α1-adrenoceptor antagonist, benoxathian, while the duloxetine-, venlafaxine- and citalopram-mediated increases were not affected. These results suggest that inhibition of the 5-HT transporter is required for the enhancement of serotonin release. Furthermore, the potent augmentation by milnacipran is apparently due to the accompanied activation of the α1-adrenoceptor.
The rise and fall of semantic rule updates based onSE-models
Authors: SLOTA MARTIN , LEITE JOÃO 
Published: August 2013

AbstractLogic programs under the stable model semantics, or answer-set programs, provide an expressive rule-based knowledge representation framework, featuring a formal, declarative and well-understood semantics. However, handling the evolution of rule bases is still a largely open problem. The Alchourrón, Gärdenfors and Makinson (AGM) framework for belief change was shown to give inappropriate results when directly applied to logic programs under a non-monotonic semantics such as the stable models. The approaches to address this issue, developed so far, proposed update semantics based on manipulating the syntactic structure of programs and rules.More recently, AGM revision has been successfully applied to a significantly more expressive semantic characterisation of logic programs based onSE-models. This is an important step, as it changes the focus from the evolution of a syntactic representation of a rule base to the evolution of its semantic content.In this paper, we borrow results from the area of belief update to tackle the problem of updating (instead of revising) answer-set programs. We prove a representation theorem which makes it possible to constructively define any operator satisfying a set of postulates derived from Katsuno and Mendelzon's postulates for belief update. We define a specific operator based on this theorem, examine its computational complexity and compare the behaviour of this operator with syntactic rule update semantics from the literature. Perhaps surprisingly, we uncover a serious drawback of all rule update operators based on Katsuno and Mendelzon's approach to update and onSE-models.
Profile and predictors of global distress: Can the DT guide nursing practice in prostate cancer?
Authors: Lotfi-Jam Kerryann , Gough Karla , Schofield Penelope , Aranda Sanchia 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjective:This study examines the ability of the distress thermometer to accurately identify patients with higher symptoms, unmet needs and psychological morbidity.Methods:Baseline data collected as part of a randomized controlled trial evaluating a nurse-led supportive care intervention for men with prostate cancer commencing radiotherapy at a specialist cancer hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Measures assessed global distress (DT), anxious and depressive symptomatology (HADS), prostate-cancer specific quality of life (EPIC-26), unmet supportive care needs (SCNS-SF34R) and cancer treatment-related concerns (CATS). Following descriptive and correlational analysis, hierarchical multiple regression was employed to examine the contribution of variable sets to explaining variance in DT scores.Results:Less than 20% of men reported DT scores of 4 or higher, indicating overall low distress. The DT accurately identified almost all men reporting HADS score indicative of anxious or depressive symptomatology, suggesting it accurately identifies psychological morbidity. Importantly, the DT identified a further group of distressed men, not identified by HADS, whose distress related to unmet needs and prostate cancer-specific issues, indicating the DT is superior in identifying other forms of distress. While the hierarchical multiple regression confirmed anxious and depressive symptomatology as the best predictor of distress score, many other scales are also good predictors of DT scores, supporting the argument that distress is multi-determined.Significance of results:Nurses can be confident that the DT accurately identifies patients with psychological morbidity and importantly identifies other patients with distress who may require intervention. A distress score of 4 or higher identified participants with higher physical symptomatology, higher unmet needs, more concerns about treatment and poorer quality of life. The low prevalence of distress reaching cut off scores suggests nurses would not be overwhelmed by the outcomes of screening and could use the score to prioritise the patients who need greater attention at entry to radiotherapy services.
A SIMPLE APPROACH TOWARDS RECAPTURING CONSISTENT THEORIES IN PARACONSISTENT SETTINGS
Authors: BEALL JC 
Published: August 2013

AbstractI believe that, for reasons elaborated elsewhere (Beall, 2009; Priest, 2006a, 2006b), the logic LP (Asenjo, 1966; Asenjo & Tamburino, 1975; Priest, 1979) is roughly right as far as logic goes.1But logic cannot go everywhere; we need to provide nonlogical axioms to specify our (axiomatic) theories. This is uncontroversial, but it has also been the source of discomfort for LP-based theorists, particularly with respect to true mathematical theories which we take to be consistent. My example, throughout, is arithmetic; but the more general case is also considered.
Church-EU Dialogue under Article 17.3: Consensus-Seeking Instrument or Power Strategy?
Authors: Houston Kenneth 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn 2005, the European Commission formally inaugurated a “structured dialogue” between European institutions and major faith traditions and non-confessional bodies in Europe. The provision for dialogue was envisaged ostensibly as a mechanism to include religious and non-confessional perspectives in the ongoing construction of the wider European project. The language of “dialogue,” consensus-seeking, and mutual learning dominates both religious and political justification for this formalized provision. Analysis considers emerging praxis in the intervening period (2005–2010) to determine the extent to which consensus-seeking has prevailed over the role of power and interests. Findings indicate that a number of elements relative to the configuration of dialogue praxis have severely inhibited the communicative potential of the provision enshrined in Article 17.
Design analysis and fabrication of novel coplanar waveguide -fed hybrid fractal-based Broadband antenna
Authors: Saluja Nitin , Khanna Rajesh 
Published: August 2013

In this paper, a new compact hybrid fractal antenna with ultrawideband (UWB) behavior is proposed. Two merged fractals shapes, i.e. Sierpinski carpet and Sierpinski Gasket fed with coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed make patch as multiband and broadband antenna. The antenna is optimized using particle swarm optimization for side length of Sierpenski Gasket fractal and bandwidth. The overall width of the patch is taken as a parameter for optimizing bandwidth. The total size of presented antenna is 59 × 29 mm2. The antenna resonates at 2–5.2 GHz, so that wideband operation is observed. Antenna with this type of characteristics can be used when UWB response at lower frequencies is required. Sierpenski Gasket performs two functions in the proposed design, i.e. to radiate as well as impedance transformer to Sierpenski carpet. The proposed design presents novelty in design to achieve proper impedance matching to edge of Sierpenski carpet design with CPW feed by making Sierpenski Gasket as impedance transformer.
An institution standing the test of time? A review of 150 years of the history of the International Committee of the Red Cross
Authors: Palmieri Daniel 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis article seeks to explain how the ICRC – the oldest international humanitarian organization still in activity – has managed to pass through 150 years of existence. By analysing some key moments in ICRC history and by examining both its inner workings and their interaction with the context within which the organization has functioned over time, this article finds two characteristics that may help explain the ICRC's continuity: its unique specificity and its innovative capacity.
The Contribution of Matched Envelope Dynamic Range to the Binaural Benefits in Simulated Bilateral Electric Hearing
Authors: Chen Fei , Wong Lena L. N. , Qiu Jianxin , Liu Yehai , Azimi Behnam , Hu Yi 
Published: August 2013

Purpose
This study examined the effects of envelope dynamic-range mismatch on the intelligibility of Mandarin speech in noise by simulated bilateral electric hearing.

Method
Noise-vocoded Mandarin speech, corrupted by speech-shaped noise at 5 and 0 dB signal-to-noise ratios, was presented unilaterally or bilaterally to 10 normal-hearing listeners for recognition. For unilateral conditions, the right ear was presented with the 8-channel noise-vocoded stimuli generated using a 15-dB envelope dynamic range (DR). To simulate the envelope DR mismatch between the 2 ears, the left ear was presented with the 8-channel noise-vocoded stimuli generated using a 5-, 10-, or 15-dB envelope DR, respectively.

Results
Significant binaural summation benefits for Mandarin speech recognition were observed only with matched envelope DR between the 2 ears. With reduced DR, the performance of tone identification was more consistent in the steady-state speech-shaped noise than that of sentence recognition.

Conclusions
Consistent with previous findings, the present results suggest that Mandarin speech-perception performance of bilateral electric listening in noise is affected by the difference of envelope DR between the 2 implanted ears, and the binaural summation benefits are maximized when DR mismatch is minimized between the 2 implanted ears.
Numbers count: caste‐specific component Allee effects and their interactions
Authors: Hughes William 
Published: August 2013

A queen and worker of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile. The numbers of queens and of workers in a colony each have positive relationships with components of fitness. Photo and copyright: Alexander Wild.imageA queen and worker of the Argentine ant Linepithema humile. The numbers of queens and of workers in a colony each have positive relationships with components of fitness. Photo and copyright: Alexander Wild.

In Focus: Luque, G., Giraud, T. & Courchamp, F. (2013) . Journal of Animal Ecology,. 82, 956–965.
Allee effects, positive relationships between fitness and the number or density of conspecifics, are surprisingly widespread and are of profound importance for understanding ecological dynamics. Lucque et al. (2013) provide the first explicit demonstration of Allee effects in a social insect. Using laboratory colonies of the Argentine ant, they show that there are component Allee effects of both workers and queens which interact with negative frequency‐dependent effects. Such Allee effects are central to the ecology and evolution of social insects, the societies of which provide a rich, experimentally tractable resource for understanding the mechanisms and impact of Allee effects.
Nonword repetition and phoneme elision skills in school‐age children who do and do not stutter
Authors: Sasisekaran Jayanthi , Byrd Courtney 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNonword repetition and phoneme elision represent the combined influence of several speech and language processes. In the present study we investigated nonword repetition and phoneme elision performance in school‐age children who stutter (CWS) and children who do not stutter (CNS). Participants were 14 CWS (mean = 11.7 years, SD = 2.1 years) and age‐ and sex‐matched CNS (mean = 11.8 years, SD = 2.0 years). Each talker group was further subdivided into two age groups: younger (N = 7; 8–11.5 years) and older (N = 7; 11.6–15 years). Repeated‐measures analyses were conducted on the accuracy and response time (in seconds) data. In nonword repetition, the CWS showed a trend for lower per cent of correct phonemes at the two‐syllable level compared with the CNS. In phoneme elision, the younger CWS showed a significantly lower accuracy rate than the older CWS at the two‐ and three‐syllable nonword lengths, while similar differences were not evident between the younger versus older CNS at any of the nonword lengths. No accuracy difference in phoneme elision was noted between the two talker groups. Group differences in speech initiation times were also not evident in either of the tasks. Findings from nonword repetition offer tentative support for difficulties experienced by school‐age CWS in phonemic encoding/working memory abilities. Findings from the phoneme elision task suggest a complex pattern of age‐dependent performance by the CWS. Comparison of response accuracy and speech initiation times in both the tasks failed to show speed–accuracy trade‐off strategies in either of the groups.
European Retail Food Price Inflation
Authors: Lloyd Tim , McCorriston Steve , Morgan Wyn , Zgovu Evious 
Published: August 2013

SummaryEuropean Retail Food Price InflationRetail food price inflation has risen markedly across the EU in recent years but with substantial variation across EU Member States. Indeed, retail food inflation has varied more between Member States than between the EU‐25 and other developed countries. To some extent, this is all the more surprising given the ‘single market’ which characterises the EU but is likely to reflect the considerable differences in food chain structures and levels of economic development that exist within the EU. This article sets out the research issues associated with the experience of retail food inflation across the EU which are currently being addressed in a recently funded EU project on the ‘Transparency of Food Prices’ (TRANSFOP). Attention focuses on food chain structures, market concentration and the mis‐use of unequal bargaining power, and their implications for price transmission. As background, we outline the retail food price inflation experience over the last 20 years or so and suggest that what is key for policymakers is the role retail food price inflation plays in overall inflation. In contrast to the past, the current relatively high and persistent rates of food price inflation are likely to change the relationship between food and non‐food inflation, requiring a reassessment of policy toward food prices.
Driving Lessons: In Celebration of Public Goods
Authors: Ayer Harry 
Published: August 2013

SummaryDriving Lessons: In Celebration of Public GoodsIn this article I briefly describe – celebrate! – some of the wonderful public goods – tree tunnels and landscapes and architectural features encountered on driving tours, handsome historical buildings, pristine glories of mountain scenery, the wonders of English footpaths, lovely sights from a day on the Thames, and more – that my wife and I experienced on a journey through parts of Europe. For economists, public goods are characterised by the great difficulty of excluding the non‐payer and their ready availability to all once provided to anyone – national defense or a hike on a path through a pristine mountain meadow, for example. Because of these characteristics, the market system often falls short of providing what society would want, and government entities of various kinds and not‐for‐profit organisations often step in to better meet society's public goods needs. Yet, we often fail to recognise the value of even the public goods we most enjoy, perhaps in part because they come with no or only trivial out‐of‐pocket costs. Observations about the wondrous public goods we enjoyed on our European journey may help draw attention to similar benefits available to all, and heighten awareness of the role of government and not‐for‐profit institutions in making public goods available and how we might assist.
Antioxidant, Antibrowning, and Cytoprotective Activities of Ligustrum robustum (Rxob.) Blume Extract
Authors: Yu Zhi‐Long , Zeng Wei‐Cai 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe antioxidant, antibrowning, and cytoprotective activities of Ligustrum robustum (Rxob.) Blume extract (LRE) were investigated and the main antioxidant component was isolated and identified. With its high content of phenols and flavonoids, the LRE showed remarkable antioxidant capacity to scavenge free radicals in vitro and to inhibit oil oxidation in a peanut oil system. Moreover, LRE was observed to inhibit tyrosinase action and browning of fresh‐cut apple slices effectively. Furthermore, the cytoprotective activity of LRE was evaluated in a human intestine model using Caco‐2 cell lines. According to the activity‐guided isolation and identification, by using column chromatography, high‐performance liquid chromatography, time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses, ursolic acid was characterized as the main antioxidant component of LRE; it showed the strongest free radical‐scavenging activity. The results suggested that L. robustum (Rxob.) Blume could be a new resource for preparing functional food and nutraceutical products for use in food and pharmacology industries.
Determination of Iriflophenone 3‐C‐β‐d‐Glucoside From Aquilaria spp. by an Indirect Competitive Enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent Assay Using a Specific Polyclonal Antibody
Authors: Putalun Waraporn , Yusakul Gorawit , Saensom Paritad , Sritularak Boonchoo , Tanaka Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPolyclonal antibody against iriflophenone 3‐C‐β‐d‐glucoside (IP3G), a major compound from the leaves of Aquilaria spp., was produced for the development of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that the antibodies were specific for IP3G. The produced antibody has low cross reactivity with iriflophenone 3,5‐C‐β‐d‐diglucopyranoside (13%), genkwanin 5‐O‐β‐primeveroside (3.55%) and no cross reactivity found in other compounds. The range of ELISA assay extends from 100 to 1560 ng/mL with coefficient of variation (CV) 1.19% to 2.07% for intra‐assay and 3.76% to 7.15% for inter‐assay precision levels. The recovery rates of IP3G in the leaves of Aquilaria spp. were in the range of 96.0% to 99.0% with CV 4.50% to 5.32%. A correlation between ELISA and high‐performance liquid chromatography methods was obtained when analysis of IP3G in the plant samples (R2 = 0.9321). These results suggest that the developed ELISA method can be applied to determine IP3G content with high specificity, rapidity, and simplicity. The developed immunosorbent assay in this study provides a useful tool for the analysis of IP3G in plant samples and products.
Mitigation of antagonistic effects on plant growth due to root co‐colonization by dark septate endophytes and ectomycorrhiza
Authors: Reininger Vanessa , Sieber Thomas N. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryDark septate endophytes (DSE) are very common root colonizers of woody plant species. Ascomycetes of the Phialocephala fortinii s.l.–Acephala applanata species complex (PAC) are the main representatives of DSE fungi in forest ecosystems. PAC and mycorrhizal fungi share the same habitat, but interactions among PAC, mycorrhizal fungi and plants are poorly understood. We compared the effects of single and dual inoculation of Norway spruce seedlings with PAC and the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungus Hebeloma crustuliniforme on host growth, degree of mycorrhization and density of endophytic PAC biomass. Single colonization by H. crustuliniforme or PAC significantly reduced plant biomass. Dual colonization reduced or neutralized plant growth depression caused by single fungal colonization. The degree of mycorrhization was independent on PAC colonization, and mycorrhization significantly reduced endophytic PAC biomass. Plant biomass of dually colonized plants positively correlated with PAC biomass. These results demonstrate the ability of dual inoculation of PAC and H. crustuliniforme to neutralize plant growth depression caused by single fungal inoculation. Our explanations of enhanced plant growth in dually inoculated plants are the inhibition of PAC during root colonization by the ECM mantle and ECM‐mediated access to plant growth‐promoting nutrients resulting from the mineralization of the potting medium by PAC.
A systematic review of studies assessing the association between adherence to smoking cessation medication and treatment success
Authors: Raupach Tobias , Brown Jamie , Herbec Aleksandra , Brose Leonie , West Robert 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimsLack of adherence to smoking cessation medication regimens is assumed to play a significant role in limiting their effectiveness. This study aimed to assess evidence for this assumption.MethodsA systematic search was conducted, supplemented by expert consultation, of papers reporting on randomized trials and observational studies examining the association between adherence to cessation medication and the success of quit attempts. To rule out reverse causality, only studies where adherence was assessed prior to relapse were included. Five studies met the inclusion criteria and results were extracted independently by two researchers. Heterogeneity between studies precluded a pooled analysis of the data.ResultsStudies varied widely with regard to both the definition of adherence and outcome measures. The included studies only addressed adherence to nicotine replacement therapy. One study of lozenge use found that the amount of medication used between 1 and 2 weeks after the quit date predicted abstinence at 6 weeks [adjusted odds ratio (OR) for ‘high’ versus ‘low’ lozenge use 1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.05–1.50; P < 0.02]. Similarly, one study found a significant impact of oral nicotine consumption during the first week on abstinence at 4 weeks (adjusted OR per additional mg/day = 1.05; CI = 1.01–1.10). Another study found that participants using nicotine replacement therapy for at least 5 weeks were significantly more likely to self‐report continuous abstinence at 6 months. The remaining two studies failed to find a significant effect of treatment duration on outcome at 1 and 2 years but had very low power to detect such an effect.ConclusionsThere is modest evidence to support the assumption that lack of adherence to nicotine replacement therapy regimens undermines effectiveness in clinical studies.