bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cutting efficiency of diamond burs operated with electric high‐speed dental handpiece on zirconia
Authors: Nakamura Keisuke , Katsuda Yusuke , Ankyu Shuhei , Harada Akio , Tenkumo Taichi , Kanno Taro , Niwano Yoshimi , Egusa Hiroshi , Milleding Percy , Örtengren Ulf 
Published: August 2015

Zirconia‐based dental restorations are becoming used more commonly. However, limited attention has been given to the difficulties experienced, concerning cutting, in removing the restorations when needed. The aim of the present study was to compare the cutting efficiency of diamond burs, operated using an electric high‐speed dental handpiece, on zirconia (Zir) with those on lithium disilicate glass–ceramic (LD) and leucite glass–ceramic (L). In addition, evaluation of the cutting efficiency of diamond burs on Zir of different thicknesses was performed. Specimens of Zir were prepared with thicknesses of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mm, and specimens of LD and L were prepared with a thickness of 1.0 mm. Cutting tests were performed using diamond burs with super coarse (SC) and coarse (C) grains. The handpiece was operated at 150,000 rpm with a cutting force of 0.9 N. The results demonstrated that cutting of Zir took about 1.5‐ and 7‐fold longer than cutting of LD and L, respectively. The SC grains showed significantly higher cutting efficiency on Zir than the C grains. However, when the thickness of Zir increased, the cutting depth was significantly decreased. As it is suggested that cutting of zirconia is time consuming, this should be taken into consideration in advance when working with zirconia restorations.
Past and future evolution of Abies alba forests in Europe – comparison of a dynamic vegetation model with palaeo data and observations
Authors: Ruosch Melanie , Spahni Renato , Joos Fortunat , Henne Paul D. , van der Knaap Willem O. , Tinner Willy 
Published: August 2015

AbstractInformation on how species distributions and ecosystem services are impacted by anthropogenic climate change is important for adaptation planning. Palaeo data suggest that Abies alba formed forests under significantly warmer‐than‐present conditions in Europe and might be a native substitute for widespread drought‐sensitive temperate and boreal tree species such as beech (Fagus sylvatica) and spruce (Picea abies) under future global warming conditions. Here, we combine pollen and macrofossil data, modern observations, and results from transient simulations with the LPX‐Bern dynamic global vegetation model to assess past and future distributions of A. alba in Europe. LPX‐Bern is forced with climate anomalies from a run over the past 21 000 years with the Community Earth System Model, modern climatology, and with 21st‐century multimodel ensemble results for the high‐emission RCP8.5 and the stringent mitigation RCP2.6 pathway. The simulated distribution for present climate encompasses the modern range of A. alba, with the model exceeding the present distribution in north‐western and southern Europe. Mid‐Holocene pollen data and model results agree for southern Europe, suggesting that at present, human impacts suppress the distribution in southern Europe. Pollen and model results both show range expansion starting during the Bølling–Allerød warm period, interrupted by the Younger Dryas cold, and resuming during the Holocene. The distribution of A. alba expands to the north‐east in all future scenarios, whereas the potential (currently unrealized) range would be substantially reduced in southern Europe under RCP8.5. A. alba maintains its current range in central Europe despite competition by other thermophilous tree species. Our combined palaeoecological and model evidence suggest that A. alba may ensure important ecosystem services including stand and slope stability, infrastructure protection, and carbon sequestration under significantly warmer‐than‐present conditions in central Europe.
Novel, human cell line‐derived recombinant factor VIII (human‐cl rhFVIII; Nuwiq®) in adults with severe haemophilia A: efficacy and safety
Authors: Lissitchkov T. , Hampton K. , von Depka M. , Hay C. , Rangarajan S. , Tuddenham E. , Holstein K. , Huth‐Kühne A. , Pabinger I. , Knaub S. , Bichler J. , Oldenburg J. 
Published: August 2015

IntroductionNuwiq® [human cell line‐derived recombinant factor VIII (human‐cl rhFVIII)] is a new generation rFVIII protein, without chemical modification or fusion to any other protein, produced in a human cell line.Aim/methodsThis prospective, open‐label, multinational phase III study assessed the efficacy and safety of human‐cl rhFVIII in 32 adult previously treated patients (PTPs) with severe haemophilia A during standard prophylaxis for ≥6 months and ≥50 exposure days. Efficacy in treating bleeds and during surgical prophylaxis was also assessed.ResultsProphylactic efficacy, based on mean monthly bleeding rate, was rated as ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ in 97% of patients for all bleeds and in 100% of patients for spontaneous bleeds. Mean (SD) annualized bleeding rate was 2.28 (3.73) [median = 0.9] for all bleeds, 1.16 (2.57) [median = 0] for spontaneous bleeds and 1.00 (1.79) [median = 0] for traumatic bleeds. There were no bleeds in 50% of patients and there were no major, life‐threatening bleeds. Efficacy was ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ in treating 28 (100%) of 28 bleeds. Overall efficacy was rated as ‘excellent’ during four surgical procedures (three major, one minor) and ‘moderate’ during one major surgery. Incremental in vivo recovery (IVR) data were comparable with the one‐stage and chromogenic assays. IVR was >2.0% per IU kg−1 for all measurements and stable over 6 months. No patients developed FVIII inhibitors and there were no treatment‐related serious or severe adverse events.ConclusionThese results in adult PTPs indicate that human‐cl rhFVIII is effective for the prevention and treatment of bleeds in adults with severe haemophilia A.
Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Internet‐Delivered Cognitive‐Behavioral Treatment for Pediatric Headache
Authors: Law Emily F. , Beals‐Erickson Sarah E. , Noel Melanie , Claar Robyn , Palermo Tonya M. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of an Internet‐delivered cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention for adolescents with chronic headache.BackgroundHeadache is among the most common pain complaints of childhood. Cognitive‐behavioral interventions are efficacious for improving pain among youth with headache. However, many youth do not receive psychological treatment for headache due to poor access, which has led to consideration of alternative delivery modalities such as the Internet.MethodsWe used a parallel arm randomized controlled trial design to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of an Internet‐delivered family‐based CBT intervention, Web‐based management of adolescent pain. Adolescents were eligible for the trial if they were a new patient being evaluated in a specialized headache clinic, between 11 and 17 years of age, and had recurrent headache for 3 months or more as diagnosed by a pediatric neurologist. Eighty‐three youths were enrolled in the trial. An online random number generator was used to randomly assign participants to receive Internet CBT adjunctive to specialized headache treatment (n = 44) or specialized headache treatment alone (n = 39). The primary treatment outcome was headache days.ResultsYouth and parents in the Internet CBT group demonstrated high levels of engagement with the web program and reported satisfaction with the intervention. Multilevel modelling (MLM) was used to conduct hypothesis testing for continuous outcomes. For our primary treatment outcome of headache days, adolescents reported a statistically significant reduction in headache days from baseline to post‐treatment and baseline to 3‐month follow‐up in both treatment conditions (main effect for time F(2, 136) = 19.70, P < .001). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the Internet CBT group and the specialized headache treatment group at post‐treatment or follow‐up (group × time interaction F(2, 134) = 0.94, P = .395). For our secondary treatment outcomes, findings from MLM showed that adolescents in both groups demonstrated statistically significant improvement headache pain intensity, activity limitations, depressive symptoms, and parent protective behaviors from baseline to post‐treatment and these gains were maintained at 3‐month follow‐up. Adolescent anxiety symptoms and sleep did not change during the study period for either group. There were no statistically significant group differences on any secondary outcomes at post‐treatment or follow‐up (P > .05 for all outcomes). No adverse events were reported.ConclusionAlthough adjunctive Internet CBT did not lead to additional benefit in this population, future research should evaluate whether it is an effective intervention for adolescents with headache who are unable to access specialized headache treatment.
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies: What Headache Specialists Need to Know
Authors: Silberstein Stephen , Lenz Robert , Xu Cen 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are now an important part of the treatment armamentarium for a wide range of conditions including cancer, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases of the joint and bowel, transplant rejection, and multiple sclerosis. Significant progress over the last 30 years in the development of therapeutic mAbs has resulted in improved efficacy and safety. Monoclonal antibodies approved for the treatment of neurological illnesses so far are limited to use in multiple sclerosis. Several therapeutic mAbs have completed phase 2 clinical trials for migraine prevention, and there are phase 3 trials underway for migraine prophylaxis and for cluster headache at the time of this writing.AimThe purpose of this review is to discuss the characteristics of mAbs, including their mechanism of action and safety profile, and briefly describe the mAbs being evaluated for the prevention of migraine and cluster headaches.SummaryMonoclonal antibodies have several features that distinguish them from small molecules, including very high selectivity, relatively long half‐life that generally allows for once or twice monthly dosing, and significantly reduced potential for drug–drug interactions or other nontarget related toxicities. The clinical development of mAbs that target calcitonin gene‐related peptide and its receptor is underway and will evaluate this promising new drug class for the prevention of migraine and cluster headache.
Survey of Opioid and Barbiturate Prescriptions in Patients Attending a Tertiary Care Headache Center
Authors: Minen Mia T. , Lindberg Kate , Wells Rebecca E. , Suzuki Joji , Grudzen Corita , Balcer Laura , Loder Elizabeth 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo educate physicians about appropriate acute migraine treatment guidelines by determining (1) where headache patients were first prescribed opioids and barbiturates, and (2) the characteristics of the patient population who had been prescribed opioids and barbiturates.BackgroundSeveral specialty societies issued recommendations that caution against the indiscriminate use of opioids or barbiturate containing medications for the treatment of migraine. These medications are still being prescribed in various medical settings and could put headache specialists in a difficult position when patients request these agents.MethodsPatients presenting to a headache center comprised of eight physicians were asked to complete a survey that assessed headache types, comorbid conditions, and whether they had ever been prescribed opioids or barbiturates. If they responded affirmatively to the latter question, they were asked about the prescribing doctor, medication effectiveness, and whether they were currently on the medication. Data collection took place over a one month period.ResultsTwo hundred forty‐four patients were given the survey and 218 of these patients completed it. The predominant diagnosis was migraine (83.9%). More than half of the patients reported having been prescribed an opioid (54.8%) or a barbiturate (56.7%). About one fifth were on opioids (19.4%) or barbiturates (20.7%) at the time of completing the survey. Most patients reported being on opioids for more than 2 years (24.6%) or less than one week (32.1%). The reasons most frequently cited for stopping opioids were that the medications did not help (30.9%) or that they saw a new doctor who would not prescribe them (29.4%). Among patients who had previously been on barbiturates, 32.2% had been on these for over 2 years. Most patients (61.8%) stopped barbiturates because they did not find the medication helpful, while 17.6% said they saw a new doctor who would not prescribe them. The physician specialty most frequently cited as being the first prescriber for opioids was emergency medicine (20.2%) with family doctors and general neurologists the next groups at 17.7% each. General neurologists were the most frequent (37.8%) first prescribers of barbiturates.ConclusionsApproximately 20% of patients presenting to a headache center reported current use of opioids and/or barbiturates. ED physicians were reported to be the most frequent first prescribers of opioids and general neurologists were the most frequent first prescribers of barbiturates. Taken as a whole, these data provide a useful snapshot of the wide variety of physician specialties that might benefit from additional education on the appropriate use of opioids and barbiturate‐containing medications in patients with headaches.
Histories of Adolescence and Affect: Setting an Agenda
Authors: Brickell Chris 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWhat did adolescence feel like in the past? This article explores the historical relationships between adolescence and affect – feeling, emotion and lived intensities – in order to explore this question. Drawing from a range of examples, it argues for a systematic consideration of the relationships between lived experience and broad historical shifts, in order to ascertain the ways individual affective lives have been shaped by changes in work, forms of leisure and sexual norms. It is then suggested that this systematic approach can be applied to other aspects of young people's lives as well. This is an argument to take feeling seriously and thereby take historical work on histories of adolescence in some new directions.
Over the Borderline? Rethinking Territoriality at the Margins of Empire and Nation in the Modern Middle East (Part I)
Authors: Ellis Matthew H. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis is the first of two connected articles examining the evolution of historical scholarship on borderlands within the field of Middle East studies. In both articles, I pay particular attention to how historians have addressed the relationship between borderland identities and modern territorializing empires and nation–states. I argue throughout both that analyzing what I call the “lived experience of territoriality” in borderland regions ought to take precedence over approaches that presume the ultimate imposition of fixed nation–state boundaries by the mid‐20th century. The adoption of borderlands as an analytical category along these lines presents an exciting opportunity for future research in modern Middle Eastern history precisely for its malleability. Historians who take a conceptually nuanced approach to borderlands and relate their work to new scholarship on territoriality will be able to explore a range of ways to understand local as well as state experiences and practices of power and politics, sovereignty and authority, and identity and belonging. InPart I, I begin by providing a general overview of key terminology that is prevalent across interdisciplinary scholarship on borderlands, before laying out my own framework for conceptualizing the relationship between borderland identities and modern discourses and practices of territoriality. I end this first installment by tracing the emergence of scholarship on Middle East borderlands within Ottoman historiography, focusing on one key work that pointed in important new directions for historians seeking to examine social and political life in the margins of modern Middle Eastern empires and nation–states.
Advertising and the History of South Asia, 1880–1950
Authors: Haynes Douglas E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe subject of advertising has not been a major field of investigation among historians of South Asia, but recently, a number of scholars have begun to incorporate treatment of the topic into their discussion of a variety of subjects. This article examines the ways in which recent scholars working in a range of fields – including business history, the history of global capitalism, the history of medicine, the history of sexuality, and the history of visual culture – have begun to address advertising in their work. The article seeks to bring together some of the fragmentary strands in the existing literature, and to highlight the contributions these writings have inconspicuously been making to an understanding of South Asian economy and culture. The increased significance of advertising in very recent scholarship reflects a larger turn among historians toward appreciating the role of consumption in South Asia. The essay particularly stresses how studies of advertising have served to highlight the significance of small‐scale, vernacular forms of business enterprise on the subcontinent and to complicate any unilinear narrative about the ascendancy of corporate capitalism and mass consumption values during the 20th century.
Paleoenvironments of the evolving Pliocene to early Pleistocene foreland basin in northwestern Taiwan: An example from the Dahan River section
Authors: Pan Tsun‐You , Lin Andrew Tien‐Shun , Chi Wen‐Rong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe overriding of the Luzon volcanic arc atop the underlying Chinese rifted‐continental margin has caused the formation of the Taiwan mountain belts and a peripheral foreland basin west of the orogen since the late Miocene. In this study, lithofacies analysis and calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphic investigations of the Dahan River section in northwestern (NW) Taiwan were performed. Our results offer insights into the temporal evolution of the sedimentary environments and the competing effects of the sedimentation and basin tectonics of the NW Taiwan foreland basin from the Pliocene to early Pleistocene. Nannofossil biostratigraphic studies showed that the upper Kueichulin Formation and the overlying Chinshui Shale can be assigned to the NN15 biozone of the Pliocene age, and the Cholan Formation pertains to NN16–NN18 of the early Pleistocene. The NN15–NN16 boundary coincides roughly with the boundary of the Chinshui Shale and Cholan Formation. We recognized three major sedimentary environments in the studied foreland succession comprising the upper Kueichulin Formation, Chinshui Shale, Cholan Formation and Yangmei Formation, in ascending order. During the deposition of the upper Kueichulin Formation in the early Pliocene, the dominant environment was a wave‐ and tide‐influenced open marine setting. During the late Pliocene, the environment deepened to an outer‐offshore setting when the sediments of Chinshui Shale were accumulated. In the Pleistocene, the environment then shallowed to wave‐dominated estuaries during the deposition of the lower Cholan Formation, and the basin was rapidly filled, generating a meandering and sandy braided river environment during the deposition of the upper Cholan to the Yangmei Formation. In summary, the evolution of sedimentary environments in the studied succession shows a deepening then a shallowing and coarsening upward trend during the period from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene, spanning the age from approximately 4 to 1 Ma.
Does youth adiposity, or change in adiposity from youth to adulthood, predict metabolically healthy obesity in adulthood?
Authors: Smith K. J. , Bessell E. , Magnussen C. G. , Dwyer T. , Venn A. J. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryBackgroundIndividuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) do not have the metabolic complications usually associated with obesity.ObjectiveTo examine whether youth adiposity, or change in adiposity from youth to adulthood, predicts MHO 20 years later.MethodsA national sample of 2410 Australian participants had height, weight and waist circumference (WC) measured in 1985 (7–15 years old) and 2004–2006 (26–36 years old). A fasting blood sample was taken in 2004–2006. MHO was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg m−2, normal fasting glucose (<5.6 mmol L−1), triglycerides (<1.695 mmol L−1), high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (>1.036 mmol L−1 men, > 1.295 mmol L−1 women), blood pressure (<130/85 mmHg) and no medication for these conditions. Relative risks (RR) were calculated using log binomial regression and expressed per unit of youth BMI (or WC) z‐score or change in BMI (or WC) z‐score from youth to adulthood, adjusted for sex and youth age.ResultsIn total 323 individuals were obese at follow‐up, 79 (24.5%) were MHO. Adult MHO was not associated with youth BMI (RR: 1.00, 95%CI: 0.85–1.19) or WC (RR: 0.93, 95%CI: 0.79–1.11). Individuals were less likely to be MHO if they had larger increases in BMI (BMI RR: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.57–0.97) or WC (RR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.55–0.90) from youth to adulthood.ConclusionsChange in adiposity from youth to adulthood predicted adult MHO better than youth adiposity alone.
Country Characteristics in Foreign Bank Investments and Risk Taking: The Role of Shared Culture, Common Institutions and Geographic Proximity
Authors: Owen Ann L. , Temesvary Judit 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWe examine country characteristics in foreign bilateral banking relationships and explore how shared cultural heritage, common institutions and geographic proximity are related to banks’ foreign investment choices. Using a newly compiled data set on BIS‐reporting banks’ activities, we find that proximity and common institutional arrangements are the primary correlates of bilateral bank portfolio allocations. Information flow as measured by cross‐country phone calls is also strongly correlated with foreign bank investment, though the direction of causation is unclear. Trust between individuals in the two countries matters only as a proxy for other cultural similarities that are embedded in historical colonial relationships. We also find that the relationship between cross‐country bank regulatory differences and bank investments has changed in the aftermath of the financial crisis.
Yield Curve Point Triplets in Recession Forecasting
Authors: Gogas Periklis , Papadimitriou Theophilos , Chrysanthidou Efthymia 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSeveral studies have highlighted the yield curve's ability to forecast economic activity. These studies use the information provided by the slope of the yield curve—i.e., pairs of short‐ and long‐term interest rates. In this paper, we construct three models for forecasting the positive and negative deviations of real US GDP from its long‐run trend over the period from 1976Q3 to 2011Q4: one that uses only pairs of interest rates and two that draw on more than two points from the yield curve. We employ two alternative forecasting methodologies: the probit model, which is commonly used in this line of literature, and the support vector machines (SVM) approach from the area of machine learning. Our results show that we can achieve a 100% out‐of‐sample forecasting accuracy for negative output gaps (recessions) with both methodologies and an overall accuracy (both inflationary and unemployment gaps) of 80% in the case of the best SVM model. The forecasting performance of our model strengthens the existing evidence that the yield curve can be a useful tool for gauging future economic activity.