bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saccharomyces unisporus: Biotechnological Potential and Present Status
Authors: Bhattacharya Indrani , Yan Song , Yadav Jay Shankar Singh , Tyagi R.D. , Surampalli R.Y. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract The yeast species of the Saccharomyces genus have a long history of traditional applications and beneficial effects. Among these presence of the Saccharomyces unisporus has been documented in various dairy products and has become a subject of interest and great importance. S. unisporus has shown a significant role in the ripening of cheese and production of fermented milk products such as kefir and koumiss. The absence of pseudohyphae during the life cycle of S. unisporus is an indication of nonpathogenicity. Significance has been laid on the presence of S. unisporus in food‐grade products and a close proximity of S. unisporus to S. florentinus and both of these species are accepted by the International Dairy Federation and the European Food and Feed Cultures Association for food and feed applications. Since over the years, S. unisporus has already become a part of various dairy products, S. unisporus can be considered as a potential candidate for generally regarded as safe status. S. unisporus has the capacity to convert ketoisophorone to levodione, which is an important pharmaceutical precursor. S. unisporus are considered as the potential producers of farnesol which eventually controls filamentation of pathogenic microorganisms. Apart from that, S. unisporus produces certain omega unsaturated fatty acids which combat diseases. Henceforth, the areas which S. unisporus can be possibly exploited for its useful intermediates are the enzymes and fatty acids it produces. In this context, this review attempts to describe and discuss the ubiquity of S. unisporus in food products, cellular composition, regulatory pathways, and its synthesis of fatty acids and enzymes.
Herpes zoster‐induced acute urinary retention
Authors: Addison Ben , Harvey Martyn 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUrinary retention is a common acute presentation for men in their later decades. Potential contributing pathologies are numerous. We report an unusual case of acute urinary retention requiring catheterisation secondary to sacral herpes zoster reactivation (S2–4) in an 88‐year‐old man with minimal preceding obstructive symptoms.
Epidemiology of Nonfatal Bicycle Injuries Presenting to United States Emergency Departments, 2001–2008
Authors: Chen William S. , Dunn Roger Y. , Chen Allison J. , Linakis James G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiology of bicycle‐related injuries presenting to United States emergency departments (EDs).MethodsThe National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program (NEISS‐AIP) database was used to derive national, weighted estimates of nonfatal ED visits for bicycle‐related injuries by patient age, sex, diagnosis, injured body part, locale of incident, traffic‐relatedness of incident, and month of incident.ResultsMales accounted for 73% of all bicycle‐related injury ED visits. Patients aged 10 to 14 years represented the 5‐year age interval with the highest rate of bicycle injury visits (488 per 10,000). Fifty‐six percent of ED visits for bicycle‐related injuries came from cyclists who were riding on the street, with increased street ridership in those who were older than 15 years, and 99.7% of all patient injuries occurring on the street (as opposed to other locations) were related to motor vehicle collisions (MVCs). The head and face were the most injured body parts in the overall population. In addition, the largest proportion of head injuries, relative to total injuries in the age group, occurred in the very young (0 to 4 years) and elderly (65+ years) populations. The leading rider injury diagnoses were contusion, abrasions, and hematomas. The incidence of bicycle‐related injuries peaked in the month of July.ConclusionsThe study identified the characteristics of bicycle‐related injuries across various age groups of riders. This information will aid in developing more effective age‐appropriate injury prevention strategies. The frequency of MVC‐related injuries deserves attention and suggests the need to examine strategies for limiting interactions between moving vehicles and bicyclists.
Favorable Bed Utilization and Readmission Rates for Emergency Department Observation Unit Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Schrager Justin , Wheatley Matthew , Georgiopoulou Vasiliki , Osborne Anwar , Kalogeropoulos Andreas , Hung Olivia , Butler Javed , Ross Michael 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe objective was to compare readmission rates and hospital bed‐days between acute decompensated heart failure (AHF) patients admitted or discharged following accelerated treatment protocol (ATP)‐driven care in an emergency department observation unit (OU).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study conducted at two urban university‐affiliated hospitals. A total of 358 selected AHF patients received treatment on an ATP in the OU between October 1, 2007, and June 30, 2011. The comparison of interest was admission or discharge following OU treatment. The outcome of interest was readmission within 30 and 90 days of hospital discharge following care in the OU. We also examined resource use (inpatient, inpatient plus outpatient‐days) between the admitted and discharged groups. Time to readmission analysis was performed with Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsDischarged and admitted patients were similar with respect to age, race, sex, ED length of stay (LOS), and OU LOS. Patients admitted from the OU had a higher median B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP; 1,063 pg/mL [interquartile range {IQR} = 552 to 2,067 pg/mL] vs. 708 pg/mL [IQR = 254 to 1,683 pg/mL]; p = 0.002) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN; 19 mg/dL [IQR = 14 to 26 mg/dL] vs. 17 mg/dL [IQR = 13 to 23 mg/dL]) than those discharged (p = 0.04) and a lower median ejection fraction (EF; 22.5% [15% to 43%] vs. 35% [IQR 20% to 55%]; p = 0.002). In models controlling for age, race, sex, clinical site, BNP, BUN, creatinine, and EF, the 30‐day readmission rate (13.8% in the study population as a whole) was not significantly different between the patients discharged or admitted following OU care (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.47 to 2.10). The readmission rates were also not significantly different at 90 days (HR = 1.07; 95% CI = 0.65 to 1.77). Within 30 days of discharge from the OU, patients spent a median of 1.7 days (IQR = 0.0 to 5.1 days) as inpatients, compared to 3.5 days (IQR = 2.3 to 5.8 days) among patients admitted from the OU (p < 0.0001). Among readmitted patients, the total median inpatient time was not significantly different between the comparison groups at both 30 and 90 days of follow‐up.ConclusionsSelected acute heart failure (HF) patients managed by a rapid treatment protocol in the OU demonstrated favorable hospital use, with discharged patients using fewer bed‐days and demonstrating readmission rates that were not higher than admitted patients.
Description and Productivity of Emergency Medicine Researchers Receiving K23 or K08 Mentored Research Career Development Awards
Authors: Nishijima Daniel K. , Yadav Kabir , May Larissa , Kraynov Liliya , Mark Courtney D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe primary individual research career development awards for emergency medicine (EM) investigators are the K08 and K23 awards. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, postaward productivity of EM K08 and K23 awardees has not been previously described. The objectives were to describe EM researchers who have received K08 or K23 awards and to evaluate their postaward federal funding and publications.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study, conducted during January 2012, of clinician‐scientists who previously completed EM residency or fellowship programs and have received K08 or K23 awards from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) or Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) between fiscal years 2000 through 2011. Awardees were identified through the NIH reporting tool (NIH RePORTER). Postaward funding was abstracted, including R01‐equivalent funding for K awardees who completed their K training by the end of the 2011 fiscal year. Postaward publications (with journal impact factor) were tabulated for all K awardees using PubMed and Journal Citation Reports. An e‐mail survey was also conducted during September and October 2012 to describe the awardee characteristics (demographics and research background) of all EM K awardees using REDCap electronic data captures tools. Simple descriptive statistics are reported.ResultsSixty‐three EM awardees were identified; 24 (38%) were K08 awardees, and 39 (62%) were K23 awardees. Of the 38 (60%) awardees who completed their K training, 16 (42%) obtained subsequent federal funding, with six (16%) obtaining R01 funding (median time from end of K award to R01 award was 4.5 years). Overall, EM awardees published a mean (±SD) of 4.0 (±1.3) manuscripts per year (after the start of their K awards); the mean (±SD) impact factor of the journals in which these manuscripts were published was 4.5 (±5.7). Forty‐five (71%) of EM K awardees responded to the survey. Respondents had a median age of 36 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 35 to 38 years), and 33 were male (73%). The median time from completion of residency to start of the K award was 6 years (IQR = 4 to 7 years), with 27 (60%) completing a research fellowship prior to the K award.ConclusionsOver 40% of EM K awardees who completed their career development training subsequently obtained federal funding as principal investigator (PI) or co‐PI, while approximately one in six obtained R01 equivalent funding. Given the numerous barriers facing emergency care researchers, EM K awardees demonstrate good postaward productivity.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in children and young adults: a clinicopathologic and molecular genetic study of 22 Korean cases
Authors: Kang Guhyun , Park Young Soo , Jung Eun‐Sun , Joo Mee , Kang Mi Seon , Ahn Soomin , Kang Gu Hyum , Kim Kyoung‐Mee 
Published: June 2013

Studies on gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) in young patients are limited due to their rarity, and none have been conducted in Asian populations. GISTs from patients under the age of 30 were retrospectively reviewed and were analyzed for clinicopathologic features, immunohistochemistry for SDHB (succinate dehydrogenase subunit B), and mutations for exon 9, 11, 13, and 17 of KIT gene and exon 12, 14, and 18 of PDGFRA gene. We found two pediatric (<18 years old) and 20 young adult (18–30 years old) GIST cases.Pediatric GISTs occurred in two girls, both as solitary masses with epithelioid histology in the stomach. Both GISTs were wild type for KIT and PDGFRA genes, were negative for SDHB, and there was no recurrence during follow‐up. Of the 20 GISTs in young adults, 12 (60%) were from extra‐gastric locations (six duodenum, five jejunum, and one esophagus), and 16 (80%) showed a spindle cell morphology. Mutations of KIT or PDGFRA genes were identified in 14 (78%) of the 18 cases. One patient with multiple gastric GISTs with perigastric lymph node metastases at presentation developed multiple distant metastases and died of the disease 7.3 years after diagnosis. Of the 19 R0‐resected young adult patients, one patient with small intestinal GIST harboring KIT exon 11 deletion mutation developed recurrence and showed partial responses for imatinib.In summary, compared with pediatric GIST cases, young adult GISTs are heterogeneous and share the characteristics of both pediatric and adult GISTs. When a mesenchymal tumor is clinically suspected in the small intestine of young adults, a GIST should be included in the differential diagnoses. Further mutation studies and extensive treatments are recommended for these cases.
Effect of Dermaseptin on Erythrocytes
Authors: Abed Majed , Zoubi Kousi AL. , Theurer Michael , Lang Florian 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDermaseptin, an antimicrobial peptide participating in the host defence against pathogens, interacts with the membrane of target cells, leading to membrane permeabilization and eventual cell lysis. Dermaseptin has previously been shown to trigger haemolysis. Prior to haemolysis, erythrocytes may enter suicidal death or eryptosis, which is characterized by cell shrinkage and by cell membrane scrambling leading to phosphatidylserine exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Triggers of eryptosis include increase in cytosolic Ca2+ activity [(Ca2+)]i and formation of ceramide. This study explored whether dermaseptin modifies [Ca2+]i and elicits eryptosis. Cell volume has been estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine exposure from annexin‐V binding, haemolysis from haemoglobin release, ceramide formation from binding of fluorescent antibodies and [Ca2+]i from Fluo3‐fluorescence. A 48‐hr exposure to dermaseptin (50 μM) was followed by a significant increase in [Ca2+]i, a significant increase ceramide abundance, a significant decrease in forward scatter and a significant increase in annexin‐V binding. The annexin‐V binding after dermaseptin treatment was significantly blunted but not abrogated in the nominal absence of extracellular Ca2+. Dermaseptin triggers eryptosis, an effect at least partially due to entry of extracellular Ca2+.
Epidemiology of suicide in bipolar disorders: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Pompili Maurizio , Gonda Xenia , Serafini Gianluca , Innamorati Marco , Sher Leo , Amore Mario , Rihmer Zoltan , Girardi Paolo 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveSuicidal behavior is a major public health problem worldwide, and its prediction and prevention represent a challenge for everyone, including clinicians. The aim of the present paper is to provide a systematic review of the existing literature on the epidemiology of completed suicides in adult patients with bipolar disorder (BD).MethodsWe performed a Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, PsycLit, PsycInfo, and Cochrane database search to identify all relevant papers published between 1980 and 2011. A total of 34 articles meeting our inclusion criteria were included in the present review.ResultsSeveral prospective follow‐up contributions, many retrospective analyses, and a few psychological autopsy studies and review articles investigated the epidemiology of completed suicides in patients with BD. The main finding of the present review was that the risk for suicide among BD patients was up to 20–30 times greater than that for the general population.ConclusionSpecial attention should be given to the characteristics of suicides in patients with BD. Better insight and understanding of suicide and suicidal risk in this very disabling illness should ultimately help clinicians to adequately detect, and thus prevent, suicidal acts in patients with BD.
Suicide risk in people with epilepsy taking antiepileptic drugs
Authors: Mula Marco , Sander Josemir W 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesThe standardized mortality ratio for suicide in people with epilepsy is reported as 5.1 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3.9–6.6], but this is only partially explained by the high rates of psychiatric comorbidity. This issue was revived when, in 2008, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an alert on an increased risk of suicide in people taking antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). We discuss and elaborate on available evidence on the interplay among epilepsy, suicide, and AEDs, taking into account the phenomenology of mood disorders in people with epilepsy and the psychotropic potential of AEDs.MethodsArticles were identified by searches of Medline/PubMed using the terms epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs, and suicide. Only papers published in English in international peer‐reviewed journals were considered. The reference lists of relevant articles were hand‐searched for additional publications (e.g., book chapters or review papers) if relevant to the discussion.ResultsThe results of studies supporting or opposing the FDA conclusions have been inconsistent. This may be due to a number of methodological limitations, such as the failure to adjust for past suicidality and the confounding effect of epilepsy.ConclusionsA subgroup of people with epilepsy appears to be at risk of developing treatment‐emergent psychiatric adverse effects of AEDs independently of the specific mechanism of action of the drug. Clinicians need to pay attention not only to seizure patterns when choosing the appropriate AED but also to a number of different parameters, not least the mental state of the individual patient.
Sustained upregulation of effector natural killer cells in chronic myeloid leukemia after discontinuation of imatinib
Authors: Mizoguchi Izuru , Yoshimoto Takayuki , Katagiri Seiichiro , Mizuguchi Junichiro , Tauchi Tetsuzo , Kimura Yukihiko , Inokuchi Koiti , Ohyashiki Junko H. , Ohyashiki Kazuma 
Published: June 2013

A number of CML patients who achieve a sustained complete molecular response (CMR) for at least 2 years during imatinib (IM) therapy can discontinue IM without relapse. With the long‐term goal of developing immunological criteria for managing IM therapy in CML patients, we compared the immunophenotypic profiles of three groups of CML patients: those who received IM and had a CMR for more than two consecutive years (CMR group); patients who received IM and did not have a sustained CMR but maintained a major molecular response for more than 2 years (fluctuating CMR group); and patients with a sustained CMR for more than 6 months after IM discontinuation (STOP‐IM group), together with healthy controls. The percentages of effector populations of natural killer (NK) cells, such as interferon (IFN)‐γ+CD3−CD56+ cells, were significantly higher in the STOP‐IM and CMR groups than in the fluctuating CMR and control groups. The elevated levels of these effector NK cells were sustained for more than 3 years after IM discontinuation. In contrast, the percentages of effector memory CD8+ T cells, such as IFN‐γ+ CCR7−CD45RO+CD8+ cells, were significantly higher in the STOP‐IM and control groups than in the CMR and fluctuating CMR groups, possibly owing to IM intake. These results suggest that the immunological activation status of NK cells contributes to CMR maintenance. Higher activation levels of effector NK cells in CML patients being treated with IM might reflect minimization of BCR‐ABL1 transcript levels and therefore could be additive information for determining whether to stop IM.
Demographic Connectivity for Ursid Populations at Wildlife Crossing Structures in Banff National Park
Authors: SAWAYA MICHAEL A. , CLEVENGER ANTHONY P. , KALINOWSKI STEVEN T. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWildlife crossing structures are one solution to mitigating the fragmentation of wildlife populations caused by roads, but their effectiveness in providing connectivity has only been superficially evaluated. Hundreds of grizzly (Ursus arctos) and black bear (Ursus americanus) passages through under and overpasses have been recorded in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada. However, the ability of crossing structures to allow individual and population‐level movements across road networks remains unknown. In April 2006, we initiated a 3‐year investigation into whether crossing structures provide demographic connectivity for grizzly and black bears in Banff National Park. We collected hair with multiple noninvasive methods to obtain genetic samples from grizzly and black bears around the Bow Valley. Our objectives were to determine the number of male and female grizzly and black bears that use crossing structures; examine spatial and temporal patterns of crossings; and estimate the proportions of grizzly and black bear populations in the Bow Valley that use crossing structures. Fifteen grizzly (7 female, 8 male) and 17 black bears (8 female, 9 male) used wildlife crossing structures. The number of individuals detected at wildlife crossing structures was highly correlated with the number of passages in space and time. Grizzly bears used open crossing structures (e.g., overpasses) more often than constricted crossings (e.g., culverts). Peak use of crossing structures for both bear species occurred in July, when high rates of foraging activity coincide with mating season. We compared the number of bears that used crossings with estimates of population abundance from a related study and determined that substantial percentages of grizzly (15.0% in 2006, 19.8% in 2008) and black bear (17.6% in 2006, 11.0% in 2008) populations used crossing structures. On the basis of our results, we concluded wildlife crossing structures provide demographic connectivity for bear populations in Banff National Park.Conectividad Demográfica para Poblaciones de Úrsidos en Estructuras para Cruce de Vida Silvestre en el Parque Nacional Banff
Re‐Evaluating Evidence for Past Population Trends and Predicted Dynamics of Yellowstone Grizzly Bears
Authors: Doak Daniel F. , Cutler Kerry 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSampling effort and demographic assumptions may powerfully shape conclusions about the status of endangered species. We re‐examined data sets that suggest recent increases, and hence relative safety from future extinction, of the grizzly bear population inhabiting the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), one of the best studied large carnivore populations in the world. We find that inadequate attention to increasing observation effort and also to the life history characteristics of bears is likely to have substantially influenced past analyses of the population's trajectory. We conclude that the GYE grizzly has probably increased far less than generally believed, but also that past analyses have been too inaccurate to allow any firm conclusions about the dynamics or status of this population. The problems we illustrate here apply to many other threatened species and suggest the need for more careful consideration of observation processes that can shape our perceptions of species’ history and status.
Frac Sand Mining in Wisconsin: Understanding Emerging Conflicts and Community Organizing
Authors: Pearson Thomas W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOver the past few years industrial sand mining has expanded rapidly in western Wisconsin, driven largely by the use of sand in hydraulic fracturing, itself a controversial technology widely deployed in natural gas and oil drilling throughout the United States. A unique geological history combined with existing railroad networks has positioned Wisconsin as a major supplier of “frac sand” and thus a key link in a wider hydrocarbon commodity chain. The unprecedented growth of frac sand mining, however, has raised new social and environmental concerns, becoming the target of grassroots organizing. This article reports on ongoing ethnographic research focused on frac sand conflicts, providing an overview of the main areas of contention, the trajectory of community organizing, and the response of the mining industry.
The Agri‐Gas Fields of Australia: Black Soil, Food, and Unconventional Gas
Authors: de Rijke Kim 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUnderneath some of the most exceptional Australian farm lands lie far more unconventional natural resources: huge methane reserves contained inside deep underground coal seams. In the last few years, Australia has seen a veritable boom in high capital foreign investments to extract and export this coal seam gas (CSG), particularly in the state of Queensland, where a few thousand gas wells have now been constructed despite significant opposition and concern. Based on the public record and ongoing anthropological fieldwork in the agricultural region of the Darling Downs in southern Queensland, this paper sets out some of the key issues of what might be described as the Australian agri‐gas field conflict. It takes a view of agri‐gas fields as sites of socioeconomic transformation where cultural boundaries of place and matter are contested, forcing farmers and others to reassess variously imagined future human–environment relationships in the region, Australia, and beyond.