bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological effects of short‐term salmon oil administration, using distinct salmon oil sources in healthy dogs
Authors: Hesta M. , Verbrugghe2 A. , Gulbrandsen K. E. , Christophe A. , Zentek J. , Hellweg P. , Janssens G. P. J. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVESTo assess the short‐term effects of feeding distinct salmon oil sources in healthy dogs.METHODSA diet containing chicken fat as major fat source was fed to 17 dogs for 14 days. For the next 14 days, dogs received one of two diets, both with 1% of chicken fat exchanged for 1% salmon oil; Norwegian or Scottish salmon oil, harvested using a distinct procedure. Finally, all dogs were fed chicken fat again for 14 days.RESULTSSalmon oil increased serum phospholipid total n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid and decreased total n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n‐6:n‐3. The phospholipid fatty acid profile returned to initial values within 2 weeks of discontinuing salmon oil administration. Blood coagulation, acute phase response and plasma immunoglobulin concentrations were not affected by salmon oil and no differences were detected for the measured indices between the two salmon oils.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCELow‐dose salmon oil administration alters serum phospholipid fatty acid profile within 2 weeks, but without affecting selected immunologic and coagulation indices. Salmon oil sources from different sources and harvested using a distinct procedure did not induce different effects, most probably because of their similar fatty acid profiles.
Dental findings and special care in patients with Angelman syndrome: a report of three cases
Authors: de Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino , de Siqueira Melara Talitha , Fernandes Ferreira Paula Dariana , Lucisano Marília Pacífico , De Rossi Andiara , Nelson‐Filho Paulo , Bezerra Silva Raquel Assed 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTAngelman syndrome (AS) is a neurogenetic disorder, characterized by intellectual disability, movement or balance disorders, specific abnormal behaviors, and severe speech and language limitations. Due to its low incidence and the nonspecifity of developmental problems in newborns and young children, AS is not easily identified by clinical pediatricians. The aim of this paper is to present three cases of AS, reporting the orofacial characteristics and requisite dental care in these patients. Interestingly, this investigation found that certain typical features of mouth breathing syndrome, such as long and narrow faces, open mouth, shortened upper lip, lowered mandible position, shadows under the eyes (infraorbital cyanosis), muscular hypotonia, and enlarged and anteriorized tongue, were present in the three studied AS patients.
Physical and Emotional Well‐Being: Court Performance Measures for Children and Youth in Foster Care
Authors: Sydow Nora E. , Flango Victor E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGiven that courts have the responsibility to ensure the state is providing proper care to children in its custody, courts need to consider whether those children over whom they have jurisdiction are receiving a quality education and are physically and emotionally healthy. Court well‐being measures were not developed when the safety, permanency, timeliness, and due process measures were established. However, there have been recent efforts to address this void. This article describes the newly developed set of well‐being measures for courts to track success in improving well‐being outcomes in the areas of physical health, mental health, maintaining permanent relationships, transition to adulthood, and enhanced family capacity to provide for their children's needs.
Transferring Pre‐Teens to Adult Criminal Courts: Searching for a Justification
Authors: Ruddell Rick , Mays G. Larry 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis research examined the demographic and offense‐related characteristics of 1,488 children who were 12 years of age or younger when transferred by juvenile court judges to criminal courts in the United States from 1985 to 2009. Juvenile court statistics show a twofold increase in the number of these children transferred between 2005 and 2009, compared to the five‐year era between 1985 and 1989. Examination of the data revealed that the major offense that precipitated most of these transfers was a nonviolent act. Given these facts, a number of key questions emerged from this study: (1) Are these transfers desirable given the potential lifelong consequences of a criminal conviction for these youngsters; (2) Do these practices accomplish a legitimate crime control function; and (3) Are these transfers just and fair given the developmental status of these children?
Global Justice: Between Leviathan and Cosmopolis
Authors: Maffettone Sebastiano 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA comprehensive ideal of global justice is not yet theoretically justifiable: nonetheless, it does not deserve the scepticism :(commonly expressed by) many statists express towards it. To create a kind of continuity between global justice –‘Cosmopolis’– and interstate justice –‘Leviathan’– a third, ‘Liberal’ option is proposed. The statist argument is presented through a discussion of Thomas Nagel’s position on global justice. The cosmopolitan argument is presented through a discussion of Amartya Sen’s overall vision of justice. The liberal view, modeled on Rawls’ political philosophy, “proposes” that the right cannot consist in a mere realization of the good. Liberals that respect the ‘priority of right’ believe that morality has to be different from politics. By bypassing institutionalism through moralism, cosmopolitans contradict the priority of the right. Contrary to cosmopolitans, the author maintains that the only moral source of global justice compatible with the priority of the right consists in a duty to protect life in case of ‘urgency’. This duty is not purely humanitarian – as statists would have it – and captures the ethical appeal of cosmopolitanism.Policy Implications
The core problem of global justice is the lack of basic rights to security and subsistence. As such, obligations derived from the duty of justice based on urgency are binding.
The duty of justice can be interpreted through the positions of statism or cosmopolitanism.
The distinction between cosmopolitanism and statism is not only interesting from the point of view of political philosophy but also has a significant tradition within the context of international law and the interpretation of its main sources. While the UN Charter has a generally statist approach, (starting with) Article 2 (that strongly defends) the territorial integrity of states is strongly depended the discipline compromising humanitarian law as introduced in and human rights is largely inspired by cosmopolitanism.
Taking the middle ground between statism and cosmopolitanism into account, based on Rawls’ central idea of the ‘priority of right’, global politics requires more demanding norms than those dictated by humanitarianism. However, global politics of a less demanding type than the ones recommended by a cosmopolitan egalitarian approach.
A Justice‐Based Regime for Foreign Investment Protection and the Counsel of the Osgoode Hall Statement
Authors: Sornarajah Muthucumaraswamy 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDevelopments in international investment arbitration have expanded the scope of investment protection well beyond the intention of states making investment treaties, to the detriment of developing states and their peoples. These developments take place on the basis of the trickle‐down theory that wealth enhancement will benefit everyone. Rather, such wealth enhancement has made the rich richer and the poor poorer. The restoration of the law based on normative values, requires the taking of measures described in the Osgoode Hall Public Statement on the International Investment Regime. This article describes the measures advocated by the Statement in their policy context.
International Finance and Human Rights: Scope for a Mutually Beneficial Relationship
Authors: Dowell‐Jones Mary 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDespite the devastating social consequences of the ongoing financial crisis, human rights law has been virtually invisible in debates on reforming the governance of international finance. While human rights lawyers tend to lack grounding in the basics of finance, financiers tend to be too engrossed in quantitative methodologies to see the value of a more qualitative, human rights focus. This gap could potentially be bridged by using human rights‐based analysis to enrich our understanding of the dynamics of tail risk. A human rights‐based understanding of institutional power dynamics and social aspects of risk could help shed light on the way the inherited social and institutional architecture of different states shapes the dynamics of risk in global financial markets.
WTO Non‐Violation or Situation Complaints: A Remedy for Extraterritorial Effects on the Human Right to an Adequate Standard of Living
Authors: Herwig Alexia 
Published: November 2012

AbstractEconomic globalization has created the possibility that human rights can be infringed abroad. The WTO, an engine of economic globalization, has remained surprisingly immune from human rights‐related complaints. I argue that its non‐violation or situation complaint, by invoking impediments to the attainment of treaty objectives, could provide for redress when WTO members interfere with the right to an adequate standard of living and the continuous improvement of living conditions abroad through trade in goods. The non‐violation and situation complaints reflect the shared but differentiated responsibility of WTO members for the human right to an adequate standard of living.
Human Rights Norms for a Globalized World: The Maastricht Principles on Extraterritorial Obligations of States in the area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Authors: Salomon Margot E. , Seiderman Ian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Maastricht Principles on Extraterritorial Obligations of States in the area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights were adopted on 28 September 2011 by leading experts in international law and human rights. The Maastricht Principles enunciate the parameters within which extraterritorial obligations must be discharged. Economic globalization fosters an accountability gap and has made evident an imbalance between the scope of influence of states and the way in which their legal responsibility is defined. Still, the extraterritorial dimensions of economic and social rights have been approached by courts and human rights expert bodies in a largely ad hoc fashion. By authoritatively bringing together the requirements of international human rights law in this fast‐evolving area, the Principles should contribute to reconciling the human rights duties of states with globalization.
Adolescent varicocoele management controversies
Authors: Serefoglu E. C. , Saitz T. R. , La Nasa J. A. , Hellstrom W. J. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryVaricocoele is defined as excessive dilatation of the pampiniform venous plexus of the spermatic cord. Varicocoele frequently appears during early puberty and is recognized to be the most common surgically correctable cause of male infertility. However, the actual incidence in adolescents, pathophysiology and the association with male factor infertility all remain somewhat controversial. The most accurate diagnostic technique for identifying young men who will benefit from surgical treatment has yet to be established. Observations of testicular asymmetry and deteriorating semen quality helped establish current guidelines and recommendations for surgical treatment. Further studies, comparing observation with surgical intervention, are needed to refine the current indications for varicocoele repair in the adolescent male.
From the mountains to the sea: phylogeography and cryptic diversity within the mountain mullet, Agonostomus monticola (Teleostei: Mugilidae)
Authors: McMahan Caleb D. , Davis Matthew P. , Domínguez‐Domínguez Omar , García‐de‐León Francisco J. , Doadrio Ignacio , Piller Kyle R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimThe mountain mullet, Agonostomus monticola, is a diadromous fish widespread throughout Middle America, occurring in rivers along the Atlantic and Pacific slopes, as well as in the West Indies. Based on the disjunct distribution of this species, it has been hypothesized that this fish may represent more than one taxon. The purpose of this study was to conduct a robust phylogeographical analysis of A. monticola across its range, using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. We aimed to investigate the potential for cryptic diversity and the time‐scale of divergence in an effort to elucidate biogeographical episodes within Middle America in relation to the evolutionary history of Agonostomus monticola.LocationNorth and Middle America, including the West Indies.MethodsMitochondrial and nuclear sequence data (cyt b, S7‐1) from individuals throughout the range of the species were analysed phylogenetically using maximum‐likelihood methodology. The oldest known fossil mullet was used as a calibration to investigate divergence times for clades within A. monticola.ResultsResults indicate four distinct lineages within the known range of A. monticola that largely correspond to oceanic basins (Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, Pacific‐A, Pacific‐B). Divergence time estimates indicate early to mid‐Miocene divergences for all four A. monticola clades, with Oligocene to Miocene divergences of internal nodes.Main conclusionsThese findings are congruent with geological hypotheses regarding movement of the Chortís block, as well as recent studies on the age of beginning emergence of the Panama Arc.
Dispersal and vicariance of Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) (Teleostei, Erythrinidae) populations of the Brazilian continental margin
Authors: Pereira Tiago L. , Santos Udson , Schaefer Carlos E. , Souza Gisele O. , Paiva Samuel R. , Malabarba Luiz R. , Schmidt Eduardo E. , Dergam Jorge A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the Brazilian coastal populations of Hoplias malabaricus were subject to the same geomorphological and palaeohydrological factors that resulted in endemic fish regions, by characterizing the mitochondrial DNA, nuclear sequences and cytogenetic data of these populations.LocationSeventeen coastal basins in north‐eastern, eastern and south‐eastern Brazil, plus the São Francisco Basin.MethodsForty‐two specimens were analysed. Mitochondrial ATP synthase 6 (ATPase‐6) and nuclear recombination activating gene 2 (RAG2) gene sequences were used for Bayesian inference and maximum parsimony analyses. Molecular models were selected using MrModeltest.ResultsMolecular analyses indicated four haplogroups (Northeastern, Eastern A, Eastern B and Southeastern) for ATPase‐6 and three clades for RAG2. All topologies were congruent with Hoplias malabaricus diploid numbers, with most regions of proposed endemism and coastal geomorphological units.Main conclusionsDeep genetic divergence between the Northeastern and the other haplogroups was interpreted as evidence of the vicariant effect of the Abrolhos Formation, which effectively isolates 2n = 40 and 2n = 42 coastal populations. To the south, the Cabo Frio Magmatic Lineament also isolates the Eastern and Southeastern 2n = 42 populations. In the Northeastern haplogroup, stream piracy was probably involved in chronologically varied dispersal events between coastal and continental basins. All haplogroups also included haplotypes that dispersed in recent times. Results show an older vicariant pattern and recent dispersal events congruent with the occurrence of temporary connections along the coast caused by eustatic sea level variations and the occurrence of stream piracy involving either continental or coastal basins, and suggest these processes contributed to the current distribution patterns of Brazilian coastal freshwater fish.
Excessive gingival display: treatment by a modified lip repositioning technique
Authors: Silva Cléverson O. , Ribeiro‐Júnior Noé V. , Campos Thiago V. S. , Rodrigues Jefferson G. , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimThe objective of this prospective study was to investigate outcomes of a lip repositioning technique for the treatment of excessive gingival display.Materials and MethodsThirteen consecutively treated patients with excessive gingival display were treated with a modified lip repositioning technique. Treatment consisted of the removal of two strips of mucosa, bilaterally to the maxillary labial frenum and coronal repositioning of the new mucosal margin. The clinical dimensions of gingival display, upper lip and vermillion length were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months post‐operatively. Subjects completed surveys to evaluate satisfaction with outcomes.ResultsThe baseline gingival display of 5.8 ± 2.1 mm significantly decreased to 1.4 ± 1.0 mm at 3 months (p < 0.0001) and was maintained until 6 months (1.3 ± 1.6 mm). The reduction in gingival display strongly correlated to the combined change in upper lip and vermillion length (r2 = 0.60, p = 0.0018). Subjects were satisfied with their smile after surgery and would likely choose to undergo the procedure again (92%). The worst part of undergoing the procedure was the discomfort or the inability to move the lip during the early healing (69%).ConclusionTreatment of excessive gingival display by means of a modified lip repositioning technique results in high level of patient satisfaction and predictable outcomes that are stable in the short term.
Efficacy of language intervention in the early years
Authors: Fricke Silke , Bowyer‐Crane Claudine , Haley Allyson J. , Hulme Charles , Snowling Margaret J. 
Published: November 2012

Background:  Oral language skills in the preschool and early school years are critical to educational success and provide the foundations for the later development of reading comprehension.Methods:  In a randomized controlled trial, 180 children from 15 UK nursery schools (n = 12 from each setting; Mage = 4;0) were randomly allocated to receive a 30‐week oral language intervention or to a waiting control group. Children in the intervention group received 30 weeks of oral language intervention, beginning in nursery (preschool), in three group sessions per week, continuing with daily sessions on transition to Reception class (pre‐Year 1). The intervention was delivered by nursery staff and teaching assistants trained and supported by the research team. Following screening, children were assessed preintervention, following completion of the intervention and after a 6‐month delay.Results:  Children in the intervention group showed significantly better performance on measures of oral language and spoken narrative skills than children in the waiting control group immediately after the 30 week intervention and after a 6 month delay. Gains in word‐level literacy skills were weaker, though clear improvements were observed on measures of phonological awareness. Importantly, improvements in oral language skills generalized to a standardized measure of reading comprehension at maintenance test.Conclusions:  Early intervention for children with oral language difficulties is effective and can successfully support the skills, which underpin reading comprehension.
Children born through reproductive donation: a longitudinal study of psychological adjustment
Authors: Golombok Susan , Blake Lucy , Casey Polly , Roman Gabriela , Jadva Vasanti 
Published: November 2012

Background:  Parenting and children’s adjustment were examined in 30 surrogacy families, 31 egg donation families, 35 donor insemination families, and 53 natural conception families.Methods: Parenting was assessed at age 3 by a standardized interview designed to assess quality of parenting and by questionnaire measures of anxiety, depression, and marital quality. Children’s adjustment was assessed at ages 3, 7, and 10 using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ).Results:  Although children born through reproductive donation obtained SDQ scores within the normal range, surrogacy children showed higher levels of adjustment difficulties at age 7 than children conceived by gamete donation. Mothers who had kept their child’s origins secret showed elevated levels of distress. However, maternal distress had a more negative impact on children who were aware of their origins.Conclusions:  The absence of a gestational connection to the mother may be more problematic for children than the absence of a genetic link.
Efficacy and safety evaluation of an innovative CO2 laser/radiofrequency device in dermatology
Authors: Campolmi P. , Bonan P. , Cannarozzo G. , Bruscino N. , Moretti S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground  CO2 laser has not only become the most widely used laser in dermatological surgical practice, but it has also proved to be highly effective in treating aesthetic imperfections.Objective  To examine the efficacy and safety of a novel fractional CO2 laser combined with a radiofrequency device in different dermatological, surgical and aesthetic fields.Methods  A total of 79 patients were treated in our Outpatient Service with a novel fractional CO2 laser combined with a bipolar radiofrequency device for a maximum of 5 months. Group A consisted of 39 patients with lesions requiring complete excision, whereas Group B consisted of 40 subjects seeking to enhance aesthetic facial imperfections. The results were assessed by three ‘blind’ investigators using photographs and clinical observations; in addition, the patients had to give their own subjective assessment of the results.Results  At the 6‐month follow‐up, the lesions of the Group A patients had been completely removed, except for one case of a large sebaceous nevus on the scalp. All the Group B patients showed global improvement in skin tightening, removal of fine lines and rhytides and correction of dilated pores and hyperpigmentation, with no significant side‐effects and short downtimes.Conclusion  This kind of laser meets the needs of the majority of dermatologists requiring a unique, versatile tool to remove cutaneous lesions and at the same time, safely and effectively treat skin imperfections.
Faithful females receive more help: the extent of male parental care during incubation in relation to extra‐pair paternity in songbirds
Authors: Matysioková B. , Remeš V. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractParental care provided by males occurs in a diverse array of animals and there are large differences among species in its extent compared with female care. However, social and ecological factors responsible for interspecific differences in male's share of parental duties remain unclear. Genetic fidelity of females has been long considered important. Theory predicts that females should receive more help from their mates in raising the offspring in species with high genetic fidelity. Using avian incubation behaviour as a model system, we confirmed this prediction. The extent of male's help during incubation increased with decreasing rate of extra‐pair paternity across species (22 species of socially monogamous songbirds from 13 families; male's share of incubation ranged from 6% to 58%), even after accounting for covariates, biases in species selection and intraspecific variability. Moreover, this result was not sensitive to two different phylogenies and branch length estimates. We suggest that our findings support the notion, backed by theory, that genetic fidelity is an important factor in the evolution of male parental care. We offer several behavioural scenarios for the coevolution between male's share of parental duties and the genetic mating system.