bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La banquette antiérosive fruitière dans le moyen atlas marocain : le projet Khénifra
Authors: Peltier Régis , Sabir Mohamed , Lilin Charles , Oddi Anaïs , Schneider Frank , Amia Florence , Kübler Daniel , Wiesinger Thea-Katharina , Mengome-Ango Armand-Yvon 
Published: September 2012

Les banquettes fruitières sont des fossés d’environ 50 cm de largeur et de profondeur, en courbe de niveau, au fond desquels sont plantés des arbres fruitiers. Cette méthode a été diffusée par le projet de développement participatif du Moyen Atlas Central, qui en a fait installer 97 km sur 212 ha, entre 2005 et 2007.En 2007, des enquêtes ont été réalisées auprès de 16 paysans de cette région pour déterminer leur perception de la technique et les améliorations ou alternatives qu’ils proposaient. Les enquêtes ont été croisées avec autant de visites de terrain et avec des entretiens avec des personnes ressource.Tous les paysans portent un grand intérêt à l’arboriculture qui leur donne des meilleurs revenus que l’élevage et la céréaliculture. C’est pourquoi ils acceptent le creusement des banquettes par le projet, qui subventionne l’achat et la mise en place des plants. Très peu sont convaincus par l’efficacité antiérosive des banquettes qui sont sensibles, en cas de fortes précipitations et de piétinement du bétail, en particulier sur fortes pentes. Lorsqu’ils réalisent eux-mêmes les travaux, certains arboriculteurs préfèrent entourer les arbres par un fossé peu profond en demi-lune, dont le bourrelet aval est renforcé par un mur en pierres sèches. Ces terrasses individuelles pour chaque arbre peuvent être disposées le long de fossés d’irrigation en légère pente. En cas de fortes pluies, l’eau en excès peut s’écouler entre les terrasses, sans les détruire. Le « paquet technologique banquette + arboriculture » a été bien accepté en raison de sa quasi-gratuité, malgré les dangers de la technique antiérosive. Les auteurs pensent qu’il aurait été plus efficace de dissocier les messages portant sur l’érosion et sur l’arboriculture, et de travailler sur une plus longue durée, en tenant compte des savoirs traditionnels et en assurant l’accompagnement et la formation des agriculteurs.
La Charte marocaine de l’Environnement et du Développement durable sera-t-elle une loi fondamentale ?
Authors: Idllalène Samira 
Published: September 2012

Voulu par le Roi du Maroc et élaboré par une commission gouvernementale, le projet de la Charte Nationale de l’Environnement et du Développement Durable (CNEDD) ambitionne de faire évoluer la politique environnementale du pays. Le libellé sommaire de ce texte peut conduire à s’interroger sur sa réelle portée en droit de l’environnement. Le discours royal l’ayant initié (juillet 2009) semble suggérer l’idée de sa constitutionnalisation. Or, le dernier discours du trône (juillet 2010), donne l’impression d’abandonner cette idée en annonçant la formule de loi-cadre sans pour autant paraître l’attribuer clairement à la CNEDD. La CNEDD sera-t-elle une loi fondamentale, une loi-cadre ou un simple texte déclaratoire à valeur incitative ? Cet article se propose de relever sa véritable « valeur ajoutée » en vérifiant notamment la plausibilité de la piste constitutionnelle.
Development of Memory CD8+ T Cells and Their Recall Responses during Blood-Stage Infection with Plasmodium berghei ANKA
Authors: Miyakoda Mana , Kimura Daisuke , Honma Kiri , Kimura Kazumi , Yuda Masao , Yui Katsuyuki 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Conditions required for establishing protective immune memory vary depending on the infecting microbe. Although the memory immune response against malaria infection is generally thought to be relatively slow to develop and can be lost rapidly, experimental evidence is insufficient. In this report, we investigated the generation, maintenance, and recall responses of Ag-specific memory CD8+ T cells using Plasmodium berghei ANKA expressing OVA (PbA-OVA) as a model system. Mice were transferred with OVA-specific CD8+ T (OT-I) cells and infected with PbA-OVA or control Listeria monocytogenes expressing OVA (LM-OVA). Central memory type OT-I cells were maintained for &gt;2 mo postinfection and recovery from PbA-OVA. Memory OT-I cells produced IFN-γ as well as TNF-α upon activation and were protective against challenge with a tumor expressing OVA, indicating that functional memory CD8+ T cells can be generated and maintained postinfection with P. berghei ANKA. Cotransfer of memory OT-I cells with naive OT-I cells to mice followed by infection with PbA-OVA or LM-OVA revealed that clonal expansion of memory OT-I cells was limited during PbA-OVA infection compared with expansion of naive OT-I cells, whereas it was more rapid during LM-OVA infection. The expression of inhibitory receptors programmed cell death-1 and LAG-3 was higher in memory-derived OT-I cells than naive-derived OT-I cells during infection with PbA-OVA. These results suggest that memory CD8+ T cells can be established postinfection with P. berghei ANKA, but their recall responses during reinfection are more profoundly inhibited than responses of naive CD8+ T cells.
Failure To Induce IFN-β Production during Staphylococcus aureus Infection Contributes to Pathogenicity
Authors: Kaplan Amber , Ma Jun , Kyme Pierre , Wolf Andrea J. , Becker Courtney A. , Tseng Ching Wen , Liu George Y. , Underhill David M. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The importance of type I IFNs in the host response to viral infection is well established; however, their role in bacterial infection is not fully understood. Several bacteria (both Gram-positive and -negative) have been shown to induce IFN-β production in myeloid cells, but this IFN-β is not always beneficial to the host. We examined whether Staphylococcus aureus induces IFN-β from myeloid phagocytes, and if so, whether it is helpful or harmful to the host to do so. We found that S. aureus poorly induces IFN-β production compared with other bacteria. S. aureus is highly resistant to degradation in the phagosome because it is resistant to lysozyme. Using a mutant that is more sensitive to lysozyme, we show that phagosomal degradation and release of intracellular ligands is essential for induction of IFN-β and inflammatory chemokines downstream of IFN-β. Further, we found that adding exogenous IFN-β during S. aureus infection (in vitro and in vivo) was protective. Together, the data demonstrate that failure to induce IFN-β production during S. aureus infection contributes to pathogenicity.
Sepsis Chronically in MARS: Systemic Cytokine Responses Are Always Mixed Regardless of the Outcome, Magnitude, or Phase of Sepsis
Authors: Osuchowski Marcin F. , Craciun Florin , Weixelbaumer Katrin M. , Duffy Elizabeth R. , Remick Daniel G. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The paradigm of systemic inflammatory response syndrome-to-compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome transition implies that hyperinflammation triggers acute sepsis mortality, whereas hypoinflammation (release of anti-inflammatory cytokines) in late sepsis induces chronic deaths. However, the exact humoral inflammatory mechanisms attributable to sepsis outcomes remain elusive. In the first part of this study, we characterized the systemic dynamics of the chronic inflammation in dying (DIE) and surviving (SUR) mice suffering from cecal ligation and puncture sepsis (days 6–28). In the second part, we combined the current chronic and previous acute/chronic sepsis data to compare the outcome-dependent inflammatory signatures between these two phases. A composite cytokine score (CCS) was calculated to compare global inflammatory responses. Mice were never sacrificed but were sampled daily (20 μl) for blood. In the first part of the study, parameters from chronic DIE mice were clustered into the 72, 48, and 24 h before death time points and compared with SUR of the same post-cecal ligation and puncture day. Cytokine increases were mixed and never preceded chronic deaths earlier than 48 h (3- to 180-fold increase). CCS demonstrated simultaneous and similar upregulation of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory compartments at 24 h before chronic death (DIE 80- and 50-fold higher versus SUR). In the second part of the study, cytokine ratios across sepsis phases/outcomes indicated steady proinflammatory versus anti-inflammatory balance. CCS showed the inflammatory response in chronic DIE was 5-fold lower than acute DIE mice, but identical to acute SUR. The systemic mixed anti-inflammatory response syndrome-like pattern (concurrent release of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines) occurs irrespective of the sepsis phase, response magnitude, and/or outcome. Although different in magnitude, neither acute nor chronic septic mortality is associated with a predominating proinflammatory and/or anti-inflammatory signature in the blood.
Accuracy of Routine Clinical Ultrasound for Staging of Liver Fibrosis
Authors: Choong Chih-Ching , Venkatesh Sudhakar K. , Siew Edwin P. Y. 
Published: September 2012

Objective:To determine the diagnostic accuracy of routine clinical ultrasound in the staging of liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis.Materials and Methods:A retrospective evaluation of the ultrasound images of 156 patients with chronic viral hepatitis who underwent liver biopsy was performed. Two radiologists in consensus, blind to the biopsy results and clinical details, evaluated the ultrasound images for liver fibrosis. The readers specifically assessed three features — surface nodularity, liver edge, and parenchymal echotexture — with scores of 0 to 3 (0 = normal, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe). Accuracies of each sonographic feature for the detection of mild fibrosis and above (≥F1), significant fibrosis (≥F2), severe fibrosis (≥F3), and cirrhosis (F4) were determined with histopathology as the reference standard.Results:Fibrosis was present in 99 patients (F1=34, F2=20, F3=22, and F4=23) and absent in 57 patients. The sensitivities for the detection of significant fibrosis with surface nodularity, liver edge, and parenchymal echotexture were 57%, 15%, and 41%, respectively. The accuracies for the detection of ≥F1, ≥F2, ≥F3, and F4 stages were 50.5%, 59%, 59%, and 65% for liver surface, 51%, 53%, 54%, and 55% for liver edge, and 58%, 59%, 63%, and 63% for parenchyma echotexture, respectively. The combined scores from all three features had accuracies of 56%, 59%, 62%, and 66% for the detection of ≥F1, ≥F2, ≥F3, and F4, respectively.Conclusion:Routine clinical ultrasound is a not a sensitive predictor of early fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis. Surface nodularity is the most sensitive sonographic feature for the detection of significant fibrosis and routine clinical ultrasound is the most useful for the detection of cirrhosis.
A critical review of the management of deep overbite complicated by periodontal diseases
Authors: Gupta N. D. , Maheshwari Sandhya , Prabhat K. C. , Goyal Lata 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTraumatic deep overbite complicated with periodontal problems is a challenging problem for a periodontist as well as for an orthodontist. A thorough and systematic approach to periodontal and occlusal examination, etiological factors, diagnosis and treatment planning is essential for better treatment results. In such cases prevention of disease is better than its treatment therefore.
Gerodontology - Orodental care for elderly
Authors: Bhardwaj Vinay Kumar 
Published: September 2012

AbstractChanging demographics, including an increase in life expectancy and the growing numbers of elderly, has recently focused attention on the need for geriatric dental care. Ageing affects oral tissues in addition to other parts of the human body, and oral health (including oral mucosa, lips, teeth and associated structures, and their functional activity) is an integral component of general health. Oral disease can cause pain, difficulty in speaking, mastication, swallowing, maintaining a balanced diet, not to mention aesthetical considerations and facial alterations leading to anxiety and depression. Certain strategies should be adopted for improving oral health of the elderly, including the management and maintenance of oral conditions, which are necessary for re-establishing effective masticatory function. Oral health is often neglected in the elderly and oral diseases associated with aging are complex, adversely affecting the quality of life. Although majority of oral health problems are not usually associated with mortality, nearly more than half of the deaths due to oral cancer occur at an age of 65 years plus. This review of geriatric dentistry, which is dedicated to geriatric physicians, geriatric dentist and specialists in oral medicine, emphasizes on age-related oral changes in elderly patients and efforts to summarize the effects of aging in hard and soft oral tissues.
Dentofacial injuries in contact sports in Yaounde, Cameroon
Authors: Agbor M A. , Azodo C. C. , Ngagoue N. E. F. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Background: Dentofacial injuries constitute serious problems among competitive and recreational athletes, worldwide. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dentofacial injuries and related factors among individuals participating in contact sports in Yaoundé, Cameroon. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study among individuals participating in karate, judo, basketball, handball, football and wrestling in Yaoundé, Cameroon was conducted between January and April, 2012. Results: Of the 240 athletes interviewed, 115 and 89 of them reported bodily and dentofacial injuries giving 47.9% and 37.1% prevalence, respectively. The bodily injuries were limbs-(60.0%), chest-(23.5%), abdomen-(11.3%) and neck- (5.2%). Mouth and face accounted for 52.8% and 37.1% of the dentofacial injuries, respectively. Other dentofacial injuries were teeth-(6.7%) and mandible-(3.4%). Older athletes and years of participation were more likely to experience dentofacial injuries. Karate was the most common cause of dentofacial injuries followed by wrestling. The prevalence of the dentofacial injuries was similar among both genders and was equally prevalent during training and competition. The personal protective equipment use reduced the likelihood of dentofacial injuries among the athletes. Conclusion: The prevalence of dentofacial injuries were high while the personal protective equipment use was low among the individuals participating in contact sports in Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted maxillary mesiodens
Authors: Baranwal H. C. , Verma Pushpendra Kumar , Dwivedi C. D. , Srivastava Ruchi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA dentigerous cyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst, which apparently develops by accumulation of fluid between the reduced enamel epithelium and the tooth crown of an unerupted tooth. When observed with erupted and complete permanent dentition the diagnosis is 95% dentigerous cysts, and only 5% are associated with supernumerary teeth. Mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth situated between the maxillary central incisors. We report the case of a dentigerous cyst in association with an impacted mesioden in an 18-year-old male patient. Radiographically, the cyst appeared as an ovoid, well-demarcated unilocular radiolucency with a sclerotic border. The present case report describes the successful management of a dentigerous cyst by surgical enucleation. Careful evaluation of the history and the clinical and radiographic findings, help clinicians to diagnose the condition accurately, identify the etiological factors, and administer the appropriate treatment.
A quantitative overview of dentinal hypersensitivity in the private practice patient population of north India: A short study
Authors: Goel Roshni , Agarwal Sanjay , Kumar Prince , Kumar Ashish , Singh Harkanwal P. , Khattar Ashish 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDentine hypersensitivity (DH) is a well known and one of the most widely investigated clinical entity; still, studies based on randomly selected general practice populations are very less. The present study was designed to scrutinize the intraoral distribution of DH and its relationship with age, sex, symptoms, stimuli, predisposing factors and management strategies in the North Indian private practice patient population. The study was designed as a short survey based on questionnaire and was conducted on the randomly selected North Indian private dental practice dentists. It was concluded that dietary acid, gingival recession and erosion were potentially associated with DH, with a strong predilection for middle-aged females.
Robust adaptive asymptotic tracking control of uncertain nonlinear systems subject to nonsmooth actuator nonlinearities
Authors: Zheng Yunfeng , Wen Changyun , Li Zhengguo 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYIn this paper, we control a class of uncertain nonlinear systems preceded by nonsmooth actuator nonlinearities such as dead zone, backlash, or hysteresis. Such nonlinearities will be handled in a unified framework by using a linear model with time‐varying parameters to approximate their input–output characteristics. Two robust adaptive control schemes based on Nussbaum gain technique are proposed. The controllers can guarantee global uniform boundedness of all signals and also asymptotic tracking. Simulation results also illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic Cores with Porous Coatings: Growth of Metal‐Organic Frameworks on Particles Using Liquid Phase Epitaxy
Authors: Silvestre Martin E. , Franzreb Matthias , Weidler Peter G. , Shekhah Osama , Wöll Christof 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA novel method for the homogeneous coating of magnetic nanoparticles with metal organic frameworks (MOFs) is reported. Using a liquid phase epitaxy process, a well‐defined number of [Cu3(btc)2]nH2O, HKUST‐1, layers are grown on COOH terminated silica magnetic beads. The structure and porosity of the deposited MOF coatings are studied using X‐ray diffraction and BET analysis. In addition, size and shape of the fabricated composites are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Potential applications of particle based MOF films include catalytic coatings and chromatographic media.
Recent Advances in the Development of Semiconducting DPP‐Containing Polymers for Transistor Applications
Authors: Nielsen Christian B. , Turbiez Mathieu , McCulloch Iain 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis progress report summarizes the numerous DPP‐containing polymers recently developed for field‐effect transistor applications including diphenyl‐DPP and dithienyl‐DPP‐based polymers as the most commonly reported materials, but also difuranyl‐DPP, diselenophenyl‐DPP and dithienothienyl‐DPP‐containing polymers. We discuss the hole and electron mobilities that were reported in relation to structural properties such as alkyl substitution patterns, polymer molecular weights and solid state packing, as well as electronic properties including HOMO and LUMO energy levels. We moreover consider important aspects of ambipolar charge transport and highlight fundamental structure‐property relations such as the relationships between the thin film morphologies and the charge carrier mobilities observed for DPP‐containing polymers.
Intracranial volume, cranial thickness, and hyperostosis frontalis interna in the elderly
Authors: May Hila , Mali Yael , Dar Gali , Abbas Janan , Hershkovitz Israel , Peled Nathan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives:According to the “brain reserve hypothesis,” a larger premorbid brain protects against the development of dementia. The aim of this study was to reveal a possible pathophysiology of brain degenerative diseases by studying intracranial bone lesions that act to reduce intracranial volume (ICV), such as hyperostosis frontalis interna (HFI).Methods:Three hundred and eighty postmenopausal females (aged 60+) who had undergone a head computerized tomography scan (Brilliance 64, Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, OH) at the Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel, before the study were included. The subjects were divided into four groups according to their degree of HFI. Six measurements of the skull and brain were taken.Results:As HFI becomes more severe, the cranial bone thickness and cranial bone volume increase. This process is accompanied by a decrease in ICV. In none of the HFI groups studied there was a significant association between ICV and cranial bone thickness. The inter‐relationships between the various thickness parameters are not disturbed by the degree of HFI.Conclusion:HFI is accompanied by an increase in thickness of all calvarial bones and reduced ICV. In addition, the thickening process initiated by HFI is synchronized among the calvarial bones. Presence of HFI suggests a decrease in brain volume and has a major clinical significance as it may indicate the beginning of degenerative processes of the brain. In addition, as females age, their skulls tend to develop more robust characteristics. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2012. © 2012Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic Selective Synthesis
Authors: Mahatthananchai Jessada , Dumas Aaron M. , Bode Jeffrey W. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractComplete control of the product of a catalytic reaction can be achieved on the basis of catalyst structure, even when the reaction conditions are nearly identical. Catalyst‐controlled selectivity is well established for enantioselective catalysis but less formulated for catalytic regio‐, chemo‐, or product‐selective reactions. This Review describes selective transformations of the same starting materials into two or more different products simply by the choice of catalyst. By collecting and highlighting examples of selective catalysis, we hope that the field will be encouraged by the progress that has been made while bringing attention to unmet needs in the design and mechanistic understanding of selective catalysts.
Catalytic, Asymmetric Halofunctionalization of Alkenes—A Critical Perspective
Authors: Denmark Scott E. , Kuester William E. , Burk Matthew T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractDespite the fact that halogenation of alkenes has been known for centuries, enantioselective variants of this reaction have only recently been developed. In the past three years, catalytic enantioselective versions of halofunctionalizations with the four common halogens have appeared and although important breakthroughs, they represent just the very beginnings of a nascent field. This Minireview provides a critical analysis of the challenges that accompany the development of general and highly enantioselective halofunctionalization reactions. Moreover, the focus herein, diverges from previous reviews of the field by identifying the various modes of catalysis and the different strategies implemented for asymmetric induction.
Preparation of High‐Performance Water‐Soluble Quantum Dots for Biorecognition through Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Huang Chin‐Ping , Chao Cheng‐Fu , Shen Mo‐Yuan , Chen Teng‐Ming , Li Yaw‐Kuen 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn improved method for the synthesis of high‐performance and water‐soluble quantum dots (QDs) involving the encapsulation of mercaptosuccinic acid coated QDs (MSA‐QDs) with poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) followed by their direct photoactivation with fluorescent radiation near 295 K to yield PDDA‐coated QDs (PDDA‐QDs) has been demonstrated. The quantum yield (QY) of the PDDA‐QDs was significantly improved from 0.6 (QY of MSA‐QDs) to 48 %. By using this synthetic strategy, highly photoluminescent PDDA‐QDs of varied size were readily prepared. The surface properties of PDDA‐QDs and MSA‐QDs were extensively characterized. The highly luminescent and positively charged PDDA‐QDs serve as a useful and convenient tool for protein adsorption. With a Δ5‐3‐ketosteroid isomerase adsorbed PDDA‐QD complex, the biorecognition of steroids was demonstrated through the application of fluorescent resonance energy transfer.