bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deficient fear conditioning and self‐reported psychopathy: The role of fearless dominance
Authors: López Raúl , Poy Rosario , Patrick Christopher J. , Moltó Javier 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe role of the two dimensions of psychopathy—dispositional fearlessness (theorized to reflect variations in reactivity of the brain's defensive system) and externalizing proneness (presumed to reflect variations in function of anterior regulatory systems)—in fear learning was examined in a sample of undergraduates assessed using the Psychopathic Personality Inventory‐Revised (PPI‐R) who participated in a differential aversive conditioning task. Only scores on self‐reported “fearless dominance,” irrespective of scores on “impulsive antisociality,” were related to diminished acquisition of physiological fear. Consistent with dual‐process accounts of psychopathy proposing divergent etiological pathways for the interpersonal/affective and the social deviance features of the disorder, our results lend support to the existence of a deficit in reactivity of the brain's defensive system underlying the fearlessness dimension of psychopathy.
WHAT DETERMINES SEO OFFER‐DAY RETURNS?
Authors: Cline Brandon N. , Fu Xudong , Tang Tian , Wiley Jonathan A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe examine seasoned equity offering (SEO) initial‐day returns after controlling for the dilution effect from the SEO discount and new shares offered. Contrary to the existing literature that ignores the effect of dilution, we find that initial‐day returns are not consistently positive. Modeling adjusted initial‐day returns, we show that dilution‐adjusted initial‐day returns respond to partial price adjustments reflecting both private and public information. Additional determinants of SEO offer‐day returns include lockup length, discount reversal, prior operating performance, and underwriter reputation. Long‐run tests reveal that adjusted initial‐day returns are not predictive of postissuance long‐term performance.
CORPORATE BOARDS AND BANK LOAN CONTRACTING
Authors: Francis Bill , Hasan Iftekhar , Koetter Michael , Wu Qiang 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe investigate the role of corporate boards in bank loan contracting. We find that when corporate boards are more independent, both price and nonprice loan terms (e.g., interest rates, collateral, covenants, and performance‐pricing provisions) are more favorable, and syndicated loans comprise more lenders. In addition, board size, audit committee structure, and other board characteristics influence bank loan prices. However, they do not consistently affect all nonprice loan terms except for audit committee independence. Our study provides strong evidence that banks recognize the benefits of board monitoring in mitigating information risk ex ante and controlling agency risk ex post, and they reward higher quality boards with more favorable loan contract terms.
Keeping the Outliers in Line? Judicial Review of State Laws by the U.S. Supreme Court
Authors: Hall Matthew E. K. , Black Ryan C. 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveProponents of the “regime politics” approach argue that the U.S. Supreme Court tends to promote the interests of the dominant partisan coalition even while engaging in seemingly countermajoritarian behavior. These scholars suggest that the Court's invalidation of state laws is used to enforce a national consensus against outlier states. We argue this claim does not withstand empirical analysis.MethodWe employ logistic regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between the invalidation of state laws by the Court and the ideological distance between the sitting national government and the state government that enacted the law.ResultsOur analysis fails to find support for the regime enforcement hypothesis; in fact, we find evidence of a negative relationship between ideological distance and invalidation.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that regime politics scholars have underestimated the Court's countermajoritarian role in reviewing state legislation.
Nitrites Derived From Foneiculum Vulgare (Fennel) Seeds Promotes Vascular Functions
Authors: Swaminathan Akila , Sridhara Sree Rama Chaitanya , Sinha Swaraj , Nagarajan Shunmugam , Balaguru Uma Maheswari , Siamwala Jamila H , Rajendran Saranya , Saran Uttara , Chatterjee Suvro 
Published: December 2012

Abstract:  Recent evidence has demonstrated that nitrites play an important role in the cardiovascular system. Fennel (Foneiculum vulgare) seeds are often used as mouth fresheners after a meal in both the Indian sub‐continent and around the world. The present study aims to quantify the nitrite and nitrates in fennel seeds as well as elucidating the effect of fennel derived‐nitrites on vascular functions. Results from our study show that fennel seeds contain significantly higher amount of nitrites when compared to other commonly used post‐meal seeds. Furthermore our study confirmed the functional effects of fennel derived‐nitrites using in vitro and ex vivo models that describe the promotion of angiogenesis, cell migration, and vasorelaxation. We also showed that chewing fennel seeds enhanced nitrite content of saliva. Thus our study indicates the potential role of fennel derived‐nitrites on the vascular system.Practical Application:  This study is focused on determining the effect of fennel‐derived nitrites on angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels from pre‐existing ones), cell migration, and vasorelaxation (dilation of blood vessels) thereby preserving cardiovascular health.
Los obstáculos para determinar y proporcionar la indemnización por estrés psicológico, en virtud de la Ley de Indemnización del Trabajador de 2010, en Nigeria
Authors: Atilola Olayinka 
Published: December 2012

Resumen Nigeria tiene una población predominantemente joven con escasas oportunidades en el mercado formal de trabajo, lo que dificulta su búsqueda de empleo en el sector formal y puede dar lugar a la profundización de las condiciones de explotación. Con el objeto de responder de algún modo a la vulnerabilidad de los trabajadores nigerianos, en diciembre de 2010 se promulgó la Ley de Indemnización del Trabajador. Hay que destacar que esta ley contiene disposiciones para indemnizar al trabajador por las lesiones psíquicas o el estrés psicológico sufrido en el curso de su actividad laboral. El artículo analiza los puntos fuertes y débiles de estas disposiciones, en particular, el presupuesto previsto en la ley para presentar reclamaciones por lesiones psíquicas. Se estudian las implicaciones políticas de la ley en relación con el desarrollo de la indemnización por lesiones de salud mental en el África subsahariana y se ofrecen algunas sugerencias para una futura revisión de dicha ley.
Projected Freshwater Withdrawals Under Efficiency Scenarios for Electricity Generation and Municipal Use in the United States for 20301
Authors: Chen Limin , Roy Sujoy B. , Goldstein Robert A. 
Published: December 2012

Chen, Limin, Sujoy B. Roy, and Robert A. Goldstein, 2012. Projected Freshwater Withdrawals Under Efficiency Scenarios for Electricity Generation and Municipal Use in the United States for 2030. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐16. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12013Abstract:  Water withdrawals in the United States (U.S.) have been relatively uniform over the past two decades on a nationally aggregated basis, although on a more highly resolved geographical basis, increases have occurred, largely associated with growth in population and the cooling needs for new electricity generation. Using recent county‐level water use data, we develop projections for five different scenarios, bracketing a range of future conditions, and representing different levels of efficiency in the municipal and electricity generation sectors, where the municipal sector includes public and self‐supplied domestic withdrawals. Starting with the 2005 estimate of 347 billion gallons per day (bgd) of freshwater withdrawal in the continental U.S., our analysis shows that under a business‐as‐usual scenario of growth, there will be a need for additional water over current levels: 11 bgd in the municipal sector, with a smaller requirement for new electricity generation (1 bgd). However, we also estimate that withdrawals could be reduced significantly over current levels, through increased water use efficiencies in the electric power and municipal sectors. The study shows that if water withdrawals are to be held at their current levels for the thermoelectric and municipal sectors individually at a county level over the next 25 years, large improvements in efficiency will be needed in many parts of the Southeast and Southwest.
Important functional role of residue x of the presenilin GxGD protease active site motif for APP substrate cleavage specificity and substrate selectivity of γ‐secretase
Authors: Kretner Benedikt , Fukumori Akio , Kuhn Peer‐Hendrik , Pérez‐Revuelta Blanca Isabel , Lichtenthaler Stefan F. , Haass Christian , Steiner Harald 
Published: December 2012

Abstractγ‐Secretase plays a central role in the generation of the Alzheimer disease‐causing amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ) from the β‐amyloid precursor protein (APP) and is thus a major Alzheimer′s disease drug target. As several other γ‐secretase substrates including Notch1 and CD44 have crucial signaling functions, an understanding of the mechanism of substrate recognition and cleavage is key for the development of APP selective γ‐secretase‐targeting drugs. The γ‐secretase active site domain in its catalytic subunit presenilin (PS) 1 has been implicated in substrate recognition/docking and cleavage. Highly critical in this process is its GxGD active site motif, whose invariant glycine residues cannot be replaced without causing severe functional losses in substrate selection and/or cleavage efficiency. Here, we have investigated the contribution of the less well characterized residue x of the motif (L383 in PS1) to this function. Extensive mutational analysis showed that processing of APP was overall well‐tolerated over a wide range of hydrophobic and hydrophilic mutations. Interestingly, however, most L383 mutants gave rise to reduced levels of Aβ37–39 species, and several increased the pathogenic Aβ42/43 species. Several of the Aβ42/43‐increasing mutants severely impaired the cleavages of Notch1 and CD44 substrates, which were not affected by any other L383 mutation. Our data thus establish an important, but compared with the glycine residues of the motif, overall less critical functional role for L383. We suggest that L383 and the flanking glycine residues form a spatial arrangement in PS1 that is critical for docking and/or cleavage of different γ‐secretase substrates.
Hepatocyte destruction with enhanced collagen synthesis: characteristic feature of chronic hepatitis C patients on haemodialysis
Authors: Ue M. , Ikebe N. , Munekage K. , Ochi T. , Hirose A. , Kataoka H. , Fujimoto S. , Kikuchi K. , Okuhara Y. , Ono M. , Saibara T. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryHepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is frequent among patients with end‐stage renal disease on haemodialysis and is considered to be an independent risk factor for mortality in this setting. However, only a few of these patients are treated with anti‐hepatitis virus treatment before the development of end‐stage renal disease. Recent guidelines recommend identification of patients with good prognoses who are in need of interferon treatment, but we know little of patients who must be treated urgently. Ninety‐eight patients on haemodialysis (48 anti‐HCV‐positive and 50 anti‐HCV‐negative patients) were enrolled in this study; HCV RNA was detected in 43 anti‐HCV‐positive patients. Univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis were applied to identify variables independently associated with persistent HCV infection. Seven variables were proven to be associated with persistent HCV infection. Among them, type IV collagen 7S and N‐terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (P‐III‐P) were defined as independent variables useful in distinguishing HCV RNA‐positive patients from HCV RNA‐negative patients with 0.91 sensitivity, 0.91 specificity, 0.89 positive predictive value and 0.93 negative predictive value. Our observations suggest that hepatocyte destruction with enhanced liver fibrosis is a characteristic clinical feature of persistent HCV infection. Type IV collagen 7S of ≥5 ng/mL and/or P‐III‐P of ≥5 U/mL would be useful markers to identify patients in need of interferon treatment, which supports the idea of the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines that a good prognosis in patients with HCV infection on haemodialysis should prompt consideration for IFN treatment when applicable.
Vain and Superstitious Habits: On Books and their Future in the University after Books1
Authors: Kelly Stephen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis essay reflects on the much‐vaunted arrival of the electronic book and the devices which support it, such as the Apple iPad and Amazon Kindle, and explores the potential these devices have for the future of scholarly edition. The essay concludes by imagining a networked edition of Nicholas Love’s Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ, and situates the electronic book in relation to the politics, and poetics, of bibliophilia.
Technology in the University and the Death of Socrates
Authors: Hoofnagle Wendy Marie 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAlthough technology has its place in the academic world, for both the classroom and collaborative scholarship, an over‐reliance on technology and injudicious application to the classroom environment, especially to overcome financial strain at the university level, replaces the Socratic model while not always offering a viable alternative. The anonymity of the online classroom, moreover, threatens the students’ ability to build mentoring relationships and career networks, and does not always prepare them for real‐world expectations. Hybrid online courses that balance classroom instruction with independent, out‐of‐classroom activities may prove more educationally valuable in the long run. The academy, however, runs the risk of stifling individuality among students as a result of dependence upon the virtual classroom.
From Quill to T‐PEN: Palaeography, Editing and their E‐Futures
Authors: Lowe Kathryn A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article outlines some recent applications of digital technology to the fields of medieval palaeography and editing, and how they might enable scholars more readily to check and engage with the work of others. It emphasises the importance of interoperability of digital repositories and describes a current initiative which helps to trial and refine generic tools for digital scholarship. It asserts the limitations of a print‐based edition for serving multiple scholarly audiences and considers how material rejected from such an edition as irrelevant to one constituency might best be repurposed and redeployed for others.
The contribution of foliar endophytes to quantitative resistance to Melampsora rust
Authors: Raghavendra Anil K. H. , Newcombe George 
Published: December 2012

Summary

Foliar endophytes of Populus do not induce the hypersensitive response associated with major genes for resistance to Melampsora leaf rust. But they could contribute to the quantitative resistance that represents a second line of defense. Quantitative resistance is thought to be determined by suites of minor genes in both host and pathogen that are influenced by the abiotic environment. Here, we determined the relative importance to quantitative resistance of foliar endophytes, one element of the biotic environment.

Leaves of six host genotypes differing in genetic resistance to Melampsora × columbiana were inoculated first with one of four foliar endophytes (Stachybotrys sp., Trichoderma atroviride, Ulocladium atrum or Truncatella angustata), and then with Melampsora.

These endophytes greatly reduced rust severity within inoculated leaves (i.e. local effects), but they had no systemic effect on rust of leaves not inoculated with endophytes. Differences among endophytes and their controls explained 54% of the total variation in quantitative resistance (i.e. rust severity); the six host/pathogen genotypes explained just 5%. In terms of magnitude of effect on rust severity, Stachybotrys, Trichoderma, Ulocladium and Truncatella were ranked in this order on all host/pathogen genotypes.

Endophytes may contribute significantly to quantitative resistance to Melampsora in leaves of Populus.
Accidental displacement of third molars; report of three cases, review of literature and treatment recommendations
Authors: Anand R. , Patil P.M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe displaced third molar is a rare but potentially serious complication of extraction. Every dentist should treat it with care, and when the accident occurs, the general dentist should refer the patient to an oral and maxillofacial surgeon as soon as possible. The surgeon should localise the fragment by appropriate imaging and should remove it by a technique suited to the situation. We present our experience with three displaced third molars: one in the maxillary sinus, one in the submandibular space and one in the pterygomandibular space, all of which were all surgically retrieved without any surgical complications. A review of literature on the subject is examined and a treatment guideline is suggested for use when confronted with such accidents.
Use of a Noninvasive Continuous Monitoring Device in the Management of Atrial Fibrillation: A Pilot Study
Authors: ROSENBERG MICHAEL A. , SAMUEL MICHELLE , THOSANI AMIT , ZIMETBAUM PETER J. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundOutpatient ambulatory cardiac rhythm monitoring is a routine part of the management of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). Current systems are limited by patient convenience and practicality.MethodsWe compared the Zio® Patch, a single‐use, noninvasive waterproof long‐term continuous monitoring patch, with a 24‐hour Holter monitor in 74 consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF referred for Holter monitoring for detection of arrhythmias.ResultsThe Zio® Patch was well tolerated, with a mean monitoring period of 10.8 ± 2.8 days (range 4–14 days). Over a 24‐hour period, there was excellent agreement between the Zio® Patch and Holter for identifying AF events and estimating AF burden. Although there was no difference in AF burden estimated by the Zio® Patch and the Holter monitor, AF events were identified in 18 additional individuals, and the documented pattern of AF (persistent or paroxysmal) changed in 21 patients after Zio® Patch monitoring. Other clinically relevant cardiac events recorded on the Zio® Patch after the first 24 hours of monitoring, including symptomatic ventricular pauses, prompted referrals for pacemaker placement or changes in medications. As a result of the findings from the Zio® Patch, 28.4% of patients had a change in their clinical management.ConclusionsThe Zio® Patch was well tolerated, and allowed significantly longer continuous monitoring than a Holter, resulting in an improvement in clinical accuracy, the detection of potentially malignant arrhythmias, and a meaningful change in clinical management. Further studies are necessary to examine the long‐term impact of the use of the Zio® Patch in AF management.
Effectiveness of a Heated Lidocaine/Tetracaine Topical Patch for Pain Associated with Myofascial Trigger Points: Results of an Open‐label Pilot Study
Authors: Rauck Richard , Busch Michael , Marriott Thomas 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate potential usefulness of a heated lidocaine/tetracaine topical patch for treatment for pain associated with myofascial trigger points (MTPs).BackgroundDepth and duration of analgesia when patch is used as indicated, on intact skin to provide local dermal analgesia for superficial venous access and dermatologic procedures, suggest utility in relief of MTP‐associated pain.MethodsIn this open‐label, single‐center outpatient pilot study, patients with ≥ 1‐month history of pain associated with up to 3 MTPs and average pain intensity ≥ 4 on 11‐point scale applied 1 patch to each MTP for 4 hours twice daily for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks with no treatment. Patients continued prescribed analgesic dosing regimens.ResultsTwenty patients enrolled; 17 completed the study. At baseline, mean ± SD average pain intensity was 6.3 ± 1.56. This decreased by 33% to 4.5 ± 2.31 (N = 20) at the end of treatment; 40% of patients had clinically significant (≥ 30%) decrease, and 25% had substantial (≥ 50%) decrease. Pain interference with general activity, mood, normal work, and enjoyment of life decreased by ≥ 50% in 35% of patients; and with walking, sleep, and relationship by ≥ 50% in 50% of patients (N = 20). Worst trigger point sensitivity improved in 45% of patients; 75% were satisfied or very satisfied with treatment; none required rescue medication. Two weeks after stopping treatment, average pain intensity was 5.0 ± 2.04; treatment benefit was maintained in 8 (40%) patients. The most common adverse event was erythema.ConclusionThe heated lidocaine/tetracaine patch has potential utility as a noninvasive pharmacologic approach for managing MTP pain. Further studies are warranted.
Central nervous system complications and neuroradiological findings in children with chronic active Epstein–Barr virus infection
Authors: Ishikawa Nobutsune , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Nakamura Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Masao 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundAlthough many neurological complications have been described in acute Epstein–Barr virus infection, few reports have discussed the central nervous system complications in chronic active Epstein–Barr virus (CAEBV) infection.MethodsWe retrospectively surveyed the medical records of 14 patients with CAEBV infection in our institute. Neuroradiological studies were performed in 10 of these patients.ResultsFive had no neurological symptoms, whereas two presented with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, one presented with basal ganglia calcification, and one presented with falx cerebri hemorrhage. Although both of the posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome cases developed epilepsy several years after recovering from prolonged neurological deterioration, the others had no neurological sequelae.ConclusionsThis study revealed that various central nervous system complications may occur during the clinical course in pediatric CAEBV patients.
Clinical analysis of combination therapy for febrile neutropenic patients in childhood cancer
Authors: Kobayashi Shogo , Ito Masaki , Sano Hideki , Mochizuki Kazuhiro , Akaihata Mitsuko , Waragai Tomoko , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Kikuta Atsushi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of our combination therapy in febrile neutropenic children with cancer.MethodsA total of 109 patients with 251 episodes of febrile neutropenia received antibiotic therapy between January 2003 and December 2008 at a single institution.ResultsBlood cultures were positive in 35 episodes (14%). Gram‐positive organisms predominated (23/38 organisms isolated). There were 15 gram‐negative isolates and no fungal isolates. The recommended empirical first‐line antibiotics (cefepime or cefozopran + piperacillin + amikacin) were used in 206 (82%), second‐line antibiotics (piperacillin‐tazobactam + carbapenem + amikacin + micafungin) in 73 (29%), and third‐line antibiotics (meropenem + glycopeptides + micafungin) in 24 (10%) episodes. The overall response rates were 71.4%, 50.7%, and 62.5% for the first‐, second‐, and third‐line antibiotic therapies, respectively. Granulocyte transfusion was performed in seven patients, and the response rate was 57%. Four deaths were recorded.ConclusionsAlthough a significant improvement of mortality was not observed, our regimen of empirical antibiotic therapies led to a significant and clinically relevant decrease in glycopeptide use, and it is safe and well tolerated by pediatric neutropenic patients.