bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic analysis of reaction time variability: room for improvement?
Authors: Kuntsi J. , Frazier-Wood A. C. , Banaschewski T. , Gill M. , Miranda A. , Oades R. D. , Roeyers H. , Rothenberger A. , Steinhausen H.-C. , van der Meere J. J. , Faraone S. V. , Asherson P. , Rijsdijk F. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundIncreased reaction time variability (RTV) on cognitive tasks requiring a speeded response is characteristic of several psychiatric disorders. In attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the association with RTV is strong phenotypically and genetically, yet high RTV is not a stable impairment but shows ADHD-sensitive improvement under certain conditions, such as those with rewards. The state regulation theory proposed that the RTV difference score, which captures change from baseline to a rewarded or fast condition, specifically measures ‘state regulation’. By contrast, the interpretation of RTV baseline (slow, unrewarded) scores is debated. We aimed to investigate directly the degree of phenotypic and etiological overlap between RTV baseline and RTV difference scores.MethodWe conducted genetic model fitting analyses on go/no-go and fast task RTV data, across task conditions manipulating rewards and event rate, from a population-based twin sample (n=1314) and an ADHD and control sibling-pair sample (n=1265).ResultsPhenotypic and genetic/familial correlations were consistently high (0.72–0.98) between RTV baseline and difference scores, across tasks, manipulations and samples. By contrast, correlations were low between RTV in the manipulated condition and difference scores. A comparison across two different go/no-go task RTV difference scores (slow-fast/slow-incentive) showed high phenotypic and genetic/familial overlap (r = 0.75–0.83).ConclusionsOur finding that RTV difference scores measure largely the same etiological process as RTV under baseline condition supports theories emphasizing the malleability of the observed high RTV. Given the statistical shortcomings of difference scores, we recommend the use of RTV baseline scores for most analyses, including genetic analyses.
SCANNING THE HORIZON IN A DECENTRALIZED HEALTHCARE SYSTEM: THE CANADIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Morrison Andra 
Published: September 2012

Canada has a highly decentralized health care system with 13 provinces and territories delivering health care within their own respective jurisdictions. Decisions regarding which innovative health technologies to adopt are often driven by the unique health care priorities of each jurisdiction's population. To understand these needs, the Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health's (CADTH's) Early Awareness Service has expanded its activities. In addition to proactively scanning the horizon for new and emerging health technologies, the Early Awareness Service also scans the horizon for national and jurisdictional health policy issues. This paper looks at CADTH's process for identifying and monitoring policy issues at a national and jurisdictional level.CADTH's Early Awareness Service delivers timely information on emerging health care concerns and technologies that may affect health care finances, facilities, operations, and patient care. The identification of important policy issues can help determine which new and emerging technologies will have the most significant impact on the health care system. The information that CADTH scans can also be used to help decision-makers prepare for potential developments and events that may have an impact on health care systems.By improving its capability to identify and share policy issues across and within jurisdictions, CADTH is better situated to provide information that can be used by policy-makers to help them plan and anticipate for the introduction of new technologies and future developments affecting the unique health care needs of their jurisdictions.
PRE-MARKET CLINICAL EVALUATIONS OF INNOVATIVE HIGH-RISK MEDICAL DEVICES IN EUROPE
Authors: Hulstaert Frank , Neyt Mattias , Vinck Imgard , Stordeur Sabine , Huić Mirjana , Sauerland Stefan , Kuijpers Marja R. , Abrishami Payam , Vondeling Hindrik , Flamion Bruno , Garattini Silvio , Pavlovic Mira , van Brabandt Hans 
Published: September 2012

Objectives:High-quality clinical evidence is most often lacking when novel high-risk devices enter the European market. At the same time, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is often initiated as a requirement for obtaining market access in the US. Should coverage in Europe be postponed until RCT data are available? We studied the premarket clinical evaluation of innovative high-risk medical devices in Europe compared with the US, and with medicines, where appropriate.Methods:The literature and regulatory documents were checked. Representatives from industry, Competent Authorities, Notified Bodies, Ethics Committees, and HTA agencies were consulted. We also discuss patient safety and the transparency of information.Results:In contrast to the US, there is no requirement in Europe to demonstrate the clinical efficacy of high-risk devices in the premarket phase. Patients in Europe can thus have earlier access to a potentially lifesaving device, but at the risk of insufficiently documented efficacy and safety. Variations in the stringency of clinical reviews, both at the level of Notified Bodies and Competent Authorities, do not guarantee patient safety. We tried to document the design of premarket trials in Europe and number of patients exposed, but failed as this information is not made public. Furthermore, the Helsinki Declaration is not followed with respect to the registration and publication of premarket trials.Conclusions:For innovative high-risk devices, new EU legislation should require the premarket demonstration of clinical efficacy and safety, using an RCT if possible, and a transparent clinical review, preferably centralized.
STRENGTHENING THE HEALTH SYSTEM TO ENHANCE MENTAL HEALTH IN ZAMBIA: A POLICY BRIEF
Authors: Mwape Lonia , Mweemba Prudencia , Kasonde Joseph 
Published: September 2012

Background: Mental illness constitutes a large proportion of the burden of disease in Zambia. Yet mental health services at the primary care level are either provided in a fragmented manner or are lacking altogether.Methods: A literature review focused on terms including mental health and primary care and strategic options were analyzed.Results: From the analysis, two options were considered for integrating mental health into primary health care. An incremental option would start with a pilot project introducing mental health services into primary care with a well-designed evaluation before scaling up. One key advantage of this option is that it is possible to make improvements in the plan, if needed, before scaling up. A comprehensive option would entail introducing mental health services into primary care in all nine provinces of Zambia. In this option, scaling up could occur more rapidly than an incremental approach.Conclusions: Strategies to implement either option must address several barriers, including insufficient funding for mental health services, inadequate mental health indicators, lack of general public awareness of and social stigma attached to mental illnesses and mental health care not being perceived as cost-effective or affordable.
Cryoprotective effects of low-density lipoproteins, trehalose and soybean lecithin on murine spermatogonial stem cells
Authors: Wang Peng , Li Ying , Hu Xiao-chen , Cai Xiao-Li , Hou Li-Peng , Wang Yan-Feng , Hu Jian-Hong , Li Qing-Wang , Suo Li-Juan , Fan Zhi-Guo , Zhang Bo 
Published: September 2012

SummarySpermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) have the ability to self-renew and offer a pathway for genetic engineering of the male germ line. Cryopreservation of SSCs has potential value for the treatment of male infertility, spermatogonial transplantation, and so on. In order to investigate the cryopreservation effects of different cryoprotectants on murine SSCs, 0.2 M of low-density lipoproteins (LDL), trehalose and soybean lecithin were added to the cryoprotective medium, respectively, and the murine SSCs were frozen at −80°C or −196°C. The results indicated that the optimal recovery rates of murine SSCs in the cryoprotective medium supplemented with LDL, trehalose and soybean lecithin were 92.53, 76.35 and 75.48% at −80°C, respectively. Compared with freezing at −196°C, the optimum temperature for improvement of recovery rates of frozen murine SSCs, cryopreservation in three different cryoprotectants at −80°C, were 17.11, 6.68 and 10.44% respectively. The recovery rates of murine SSCs in the cryoprotective medium supplemented with 0.2 M LDL were significantly higher than that of other cryoprotectants (P < 0.05). Moreover, the recovery rates were demonstrated to be greater at −80°C compared with at −196°C (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 0.2 M of LDL could significantly protect murine SSCs at −80°C. In the freezing–thawing process, LDL is responsible for the cryopreservation of murine SSCs because it can form a protective film at the surface of membranes. However, more research is needed to evaluate and understand the precise role of LDL during the freezing–thawing of SSCs.
Dietary patterns throughout childhood and associations with nutrient intakes
Authors: Cribb Victoria , Emmett Pauline , Northstone Kate 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo examine how the dietary patterns of children at various time points throughout childhood relate to estimated nutrient intakes.DesignFFQ at 3, 4, 7 and 9 years of age were completed by mothers. Dietary patterns were identified cross-sectionally using principal component analysis; ‘processed’, ‘health conscious’ and ‘traditional’ patterns were consistently obtained. Correlations between pattern scores and nutrient intakes and proportions of variance in nutrients explained by the patterns were calculated.SettingAvon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), Bristol, UK.SubjectsChildren provided data between 3 and 9 years of age (n8010 to 10 023).ResultsDietary patterns explained substantial proportions of the variance of the absolute intake for most nutrients (>25 % at 3 years of age, >40 % other ages). After energy adjustment, protein, fibre, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, folate, thiamin and vitamin B6continued to be well explained. Strong correlations were observed between the ‘processed’ pattern and macronutrients including energy (r= 0·481–0·619), total fat (r= 0·529–0·662) and total sugar (r= 0·475–0·693). However correlations with most micronutrients were reversed after energy adjustment, suggesting that the ‘processed’ pattern is energy-dense but nutrient-poor. The ‘health conscious’ and ‘traditional’ patterns were strongly positively correlated with protein, fibre and most micronutrients, whether energy adjusted or not. Higher scores on these patterns were associated with a better nutrient profile.ConclusionsDietary patterns explain a reasonable amount of the variation in the nutrient content of diets. Higher scores on the ‘health conscious’ and ‘traditional’ dietary patterns were related to better nutrient profiles; conversely, with higher scores on the ‘processed’ pattern the nutrient profile was poorer.
Surface molecules on HaCaT keratinocytes after interaction with non‐thermal atmospheric pressure plasma
Authors: Haertel Beate , Hähnel Marcel , Blackert Susanne , Wende Kristian , von Woedtke Thomas , Lindequist Ulrike 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNon‐thermal atmospheric‐pressure plasmas have been developed that will be used in future for several purposes, e.g. medicine. Living tissues and cells are at the focus of plasma treatment, e.g. to improve wound healing, or induce apoptosis and growth arrest in tumour cells. Detailed investigations of plasma‐cell interactions are needed. Cell surface adhesion molecules as integrins, cadherins or the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) are of importance in wound healing and also for development of cancer metastasis. This study has focused on measurement of cell surface molecules on human HaCaT keratinocytes (human adult low calcium temperature keratinocytes) promoting adhesion, migration and proliferation as one important feature of plasma‐cell interactions. HaCaT keratinocytes were treated with plasma by a surface dielectric barrier discharge in air. Cell surface molecules and induction of intracellular ROS (reactive oxygen species) were analysed by flow cytometry 24 h after plasma treatment. Besides a reduction of cell viability a significant down‐regulation of E‐cadherin and the EGFR expression occurred. The influence on α2‐ and β1‐integrins was less pronounced, and expression of ICAM‐1 (intercellular adhesion molecule 1) was unaffected. The extent of effects depended on the exposure time of cells to the plasma and the treatment regimen. Intracellular level of ROS detected by the fluorescent dye H2DCFDA (2′,7′‐dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) increased by plasma treatment, but it was neither dependent on the treatment time nor related to the different treatment regimens. Two‐dimensional cultures of HaCaT keratinocytes appear to be a suitable method of investigating plasma‐cell interactions.
ADAM23 knockdown promotes neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells by up‐regulating P27KIP1 expression
Authors: Wang Yingming , Sun Yaping , Qiao Shouyi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractADAM23 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 23), a member of brain MDC (macrophage‐derived chemokine) family, is important for the development of CNS (central nervous system). P19 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells can differentiate into neurons when cultured in aggregates and induced with RA (retinoic acid). We have found that under conditions without RA induction, knocking down ADAM23 with RNAi (RNA interference) promoted neuronal differentiation, and similarly recombinant GST (glutathione transferase)‐ADAM23‐DIS protein inhibited neuronal differentiation of P19/ADAM23KD (P19/ADAM23‐knockdown) cells. In P19/ADAM23KD, there were more cells arrested in G1 phase than normal P19 cells, due to the up‐regulation of P57KIP2 and P27KIP1 expression. P27KIP1 was up‐regulated during the differentiation process of both P19/ADAM23KD cells without RA induction, and P19 cells with RA induction. Transient overexpression of P27KIP1 in P19 cells also promoted neuronal differentiation of P19 cells. The findings indicate that ADAM23 suppresses neuronal differentiation through its disintegrin domain, and Adam23 KD up‐regulates P27KIP1 in P19/ADAM23KD cells, one reason that P19/ADAM23KD cells can differentiate into neurons without RA induction.
Computer simulation study of collective dynamics in the glass former Ca(NO3)2·4H2O
Authors: Ribeiro Mauro C. C. 
Published: September 2012

Time correlation functions of current fluctuations were calculated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in order to investigate sound waves of high wavevectors in the glass-forming liquid Ca(NO3)2·4H2O. Dispersion curves, ω(k), were obtained for longitudinal (LA) and transverse acoustic (TA) modes, and also for longitudinal optic (LO) modes. Spectra of LA modes calculated by MD simulations were modeled by a viscoelastic model within the memory function framework. The viscoelastic model is used to rationalize the change of slope taking place at k ∼ 0.3 Å−1 in the ω(k) curve of acoustic modes. For still larger wavevectors, mixing of acoustic and optic modes is observed. Partial time correlation functions of longitudinal mass currents were calculated separately for the ions and the water molecules. The wavevector dependence of excitation energies of the corresponding partial LA modes indicates the coexistence of a relatively stiff subsystem made of cations and anions, and a softer subsystem made of water molecules.
Experimental Evaluation of Adult Spring Chinook Salmon Radio-Tagged during the Late Stages of Spawning Migration
Authors: Corbett Stephen C. , Moser Mary L. , Dittman Andrew H. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
We conducted an experiment to assess the effects of radio- tagging on adult spring Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha during the late stages of their spawning migration. Fish were captured at Roza Dam, Yakima River, Washington (river kilometer 208). Each fish had a radio tag inserted into the stomach via the esophagus and was then transported to a raceway and held for 50 d to assess survival. In the same raceway we also held a control group that was handled but not tagged and a group with externally attached transmitters. Survival of fish with gastrically implanted radio tags was low (10%), while 70% of controls and 90% of fish with externally mounted tags survived to the end of the experiment. Postmortem dissections revealed that after implantation, some radio tags had migrated from the stomach position to the posterior digestive tract and peritoneum. Fish from all treatments exhibited some level of tissue degeneration of the gastrointestinal tract. Gastric implantation should be used with caution, particularly for fish at vulnerable life stages. For spring Chinook salmon in the Columbia River basin, tagging with gastric implants should be conducted early in the freshwater migration to improve survival and reduce tag effects.
Received September 30, 2011; accepted June 4, 2012
Characterization of Greater Amberjack Microsatellite Markers in Lesser Amberjacks, Yellowtail Jacks, Almaco Jacks, and Banded Rudderfish
Authors: Renshaw Mark A , Buentello Alejandro , Gold John R 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Thirty-one microsatellite markers that were previously isolated from and characterized in greater amberjacks Seriola dumerili were assayed for cross-species amplification in four other members of the carangid genus Seriola: the lesser amberjack S. fasciata, yellowtail jack S. lalandi, almaco jack S. rivoliana, and banded rudderfish S. zonata. The number of markers that consistently amplified and were polymorphic ranged from 16 in yellowtail jacks to 25 in lesser amberjacks. The microsatellites characterized in this study will be useful for a variety of applications, including stock structure assessments of wild fish and parentage assignments of farmed fish.
NetworkView: 3D display and analysis of protein·RNA interaction networks
Authors: Eargle John , Luthey-Schulten Zaida 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Summary: NetworkView is an application for the display and analysis of protein·RNA interaction networks derived from structure and/or dynamics. These networks typically model individual protein residues and nucleic acid monomers as nodes and their pairwise contacts as edges with associated weights. NetworkView projects the network onto the underlying 3D molecular structure so that visualization and analysis of the network can be coupled to physical and biological properties. NetworkView is implemented as a plugin to the molecular visualization software VMD.
Availability and implementation: NetworkView is included with VMD, which is available at http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/vmd/. Documentation, tutorials and supporting programs are available at http://www.scs.illinois.edu/schulten/software/.
Contact: networkview@scs.illinois.edu
DLRS: gene tree evolution in light of a species tree
Authors: Sjöstrand Joel , Sennblad Bengt , Arvestad Lars , Lagergren Jens 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Summary: PrIME-DLRS (or colloquially: ‘Delirious’) is a phylogenetic software tool to simultaneously infer and reconcile a gene tree given a species tree. It accounts for duplication and loss events, a relaxed molecular clock and is intended for the study of homologous gene families, for example in a comparative genomics setting involving multiple species. PrIME-DLRS uses a Bayesian MCMC framework, where the input is a known species tree with divergence times and a multiple sequence alignment, and the output is a posterior distribution over gene trees and model parameters.
Availability and implementation: PrIME-DLRS is available for Java SE 6+ under the New BSD License, and JAR files and source code can be downloaded from http://code.google.com/p/jprime/. There is also a slightly older C++ version available as a binary package for Ubuntu, with download instructions at http://prime.sbc.su.se. The C++ source code is available upon request.
Contact: joel.sjostrand@scilifelab.se or jens.lagergren@scilifelab.se.
Supplementary Information: PrIME-DLRS is based on a sound probabilistic model (Åkerborg et al., 2009) and has been thoroughly validated on synthetic and biological datasets (Supplementary Material online).
Should antidiabetic treatment of type 2 diabetes in patients with heart failure differ from that in patients without?
Authors: Gitt Anselm K. , Halle Martin , Hanefeld Markolf , Kellerer Monika , Marx Nikolaus , Meier Juris J. , Schumm‐Draeger Petra‐Maria , Bramlage Peter , Tschöpe Diethelm 
Published: September 2012

AimsPatients with type 2 diabetes are at high risk for developing heart failure. Evidence‐based treatment recommendations with respect to the specific benefits or possible hazards of antidiabetic treatment are scarce.Methods and resultsIn a systematic search we only identified randomized, controlled trials for thiazolidinediones. Further evidence is largely based on subgroup analyses of larger intervention studies in mostly systolic heart failure, on observational studies, or on registries. Acknowledging this lack of data, hyperglycaemia should be treated to appropriate guideline‐recommended targets and hypoglycaemia avoided until this evidence becomes available. Thiazolidinediones should not be used because of an increased event rate in diabetic patients with established heart failure and a large increase in incident heart failure. All other glucose‐lowering strategies might be used in patients with diabetes and heart failure, but specific precautions must be considered.ConclusionsThe documented lack of data calls for specific trials, as diabetes and heart failure as well as their co‐morbidities are highly prevalent and are becoming even more important with an increasing prevalence of obesity and an ageing population.
Impact of the Absence of Stem-Specific β-Glucosidases on Lignin and Monolignols
Authors: Chapelle Aurélie , Morreel Kris , Vanholme Ruben , Le-Bris Philippe , Morin Halima , Lapierre Catherine , Boerjan Wout , Jouanin Lise , Demont-Caulet Nathalie 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Monolignol glucosides are thought to be implicated in the lignin biosynthesis pathway as storage and/or transportation forms of cinnamyl alcohols between the cytosol and the lignifying cell walls. The hydrolysis of these monolignol glucosides would involve β-glucosidase activities. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), in vitro studies have shown the affinity of β-GLUCOSIDASE45 (BGLU45) and BGLU46 for monolignol glucosides. BGLU45 and BGLU46 genes are expressed in stems. Immunolocalization experiments showed that BGLU45 and BGLU46 proteins are mainly located in the interfascicular fibers and in the protoxylem, respectively. Knockout mutants for BGLU45 or BGLU46 do not have a lignin-deficient phenotype. Coniferin and syringin could be detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in Arabidopsis stems. Stems from BGLU45 and BGLU46 mutant lines displayed a significant increase in coniferin content without any change in coniferyl alcohol, whereas no change in syringin content was observed. Other glucosylated compounds of the phenylpropanoid pathway were also deregulated in these mutants, but to a lower extent. By contrast, BGLU47, which is closely related to BGLU45 and BGLU46, is not implicated in either the general phenylpropanoid pathway or in the lignification of stems and roots. These results confirm that the major in vivo substrate of BGLU45 and BGLU46 is coniferin and suggest that monolignol glucosides are the storage form of monolignols in Arabidopsis, but not the direct precursors of lignin.