bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and analyzing semiconductor yield with generalized linear mixed models
Authors: Krueger D. C. , Montgomery D. C. 
Published: October 2014

As the challenges and opportunities of using ‘big data’ expand, there is a need to explore different ways of analyzing large datasets. The semiconductor industry is a good example of a manufacturing process where many data are collected throughout the fabrication of the product. These massive datasets are used for various purposes, primarily to detect problems and determine root causes, control the process, and build models that predict yield. The yield predictions are used for process planning, optimization, and control. However, many current approaches to yield modeling are limited because the actual processes violate the model assumptions, limiting the power of the models' use.This paper explores the use of generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to predict semiconductor yield and to provide significant information about the process using a large semiconductor yield dataset. Both batch‐specific and population‐averaged GLMM approaches are used and compared. Differences in link functions, sample sizes, and levels of aggregation (die‐level and wafer‐level models) are also compared with each other and with the results from generalized linear models (GLMs).The results of this study show that GLMMs are a reasonable approach to analyzing large datasets by providing additional insight into the fabrication process while maintaining or even improving prediction power compared with GLMs and some prior yield models found in the literature. This paper also provides a modeling strategy through suggestions regarding level of aggregation, link function, and sample size that are appropriate for different research goals. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromogenic and fluorescent ‘turn‐on’ chemodosimeter for fluoride based on a F–‐triggered cascade reaction
Authors: Li Baiyun , Zhang Chuanxiu , Wang Yu , Liu Chuanxiang , Chen Jinju , Zhou Tian , Yi Fengping 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe developed a new chromogenic and fluorescent ‘turn‐on’ chemodosimeter 1 based on a F–‐triggered cascade reaction. This system displayed significant changes in UV/vis absorption and fluorescence emission intensities selectively for F– over other anions in a mixture of CH3CN/H2O (95 : 5, v/v) and in acetonitrile. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear Aliphatic Dialkynes as Alternative Linkers for Double‐Click Stapling of p53‐Derived Peptides
Authors: Lau Yu Heng , de Andrade Peterson , McKenzie Grahame J. , Venkitaraman Ashok R. , Spring David R. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe investigated linear aliphatic dialkynes as a new structural class of i,i+7 linkers for the double‐click stapling of p53‐based peptides. The optimal combination of azido amino acids and dialkynyl linker length for MDM2 binding was determined. In a direct comparison between aliphatic and aromatic staple scaffolds, the aliphatic staples resulted in superior binding to MDM2 in vitro and superior p53‐activating capability in cells when using a diazidopeptide derived from phage display. This work demonstrates that the nature of the staple scaffold is an important factor that can affect peptide bioactivity in cells.
Investigation of the Kinetics of a Surface Photocatalytic Reaction in Two Dimensions with Surface‐enhanced Raman Scattering
Authors: van Schrojenstein Lantman Evelien M. , Gijzeman Onno L. J. , Mank Arjan J. G. , Weckhuysen Bert M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHeterogeneous catalysis is a surface phenomenon. Yet, though the catalysis itself takes place on surfaces, the reactants and products rapidly take the form of another physical state, as either a liquid or a gas. Catalytic reactions within a self‐assembled monolayer are confined within two dimensions, as the molecules involved do not leave the surface. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy is an ideal technique to probe these self‐assembled monolayers as it gives molecular information in a measured volume limited to the surface. We show how surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy can be used to determine the reaction kinetics of a two‐dimensional reaction. As a proof of principle, we study the photocatalytic reduction ofp‐nitrothiophenol. A study of the reaction rate and dilution effects leads to the conclusion that a dimerization must take place as one of the reaction steps.
Chemistry of Lipid A: At the Heart of Innate Immunity
Authors: Molinaro Antonio , Holst Otto , Di Lorenzo Flaviana , Callaghan Maire , Nurisso Alessandra , D'Errico Gerardino , Zamyatina Alla , Peri Francesco , Berisio Rita , Jerala Roman , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesús , Silipo Alba , Martín‐Santamaría Sonsoles 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn many Gram‐negative bacteria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and its lipid A moiety are pivotal for bacterial survival. Depending on its structure, lipid A carries the toxic properties of the LPS and acts as a potent elicitor of the host innate immune system via the Toll‐like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 2 (TLR4/MD‐2) receptor complex. It often causes a wide variety of biological effects ranging from a remarkable enhancement of the resistance to the infection to an uncontrolled and massive immune response resulting in sepsis and septic shock. Since the bioactivity of lipid A is strongly influenced by its primary structure, a broad range of chemical syntheses of lipid A derivatives have made an enormous contribution to the characterization of lipid A bioactivity, providing novel pharmacological targets for the development of new biomedical therapies. Here, we describe and discuss the chemical aspects regarding lipid A and its role in innate immunity, from the (bio)synthesis, isolation and characterization to the molecular recognition at the atomic level.
Optical Resolution and Optimization of (R,S)‐Propranolol Using Dehydroabietic Acid Via Diastereomeric Crystallization
Authors: Ge Li , Zhao Qiongqiong , Yang Kedi , Liu Shishi , Xia Fan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe optical resolution of (R,S)‐propranolol by the diastereomeric crystallization method was successfully performed using dehydroabietic acid (DHAA) as the resolving agent in methanol. The three important parameters: DHAA amount, solvent (methanol) amount, and crystallization temperature of diastereomeric salts were optimized employing the response surface methodology (RSM). When maintaining a lower limit of 95% for the purity of (S)‐propranolol, the optimal resolution conditions were a DHAA/(R,S)‐propranolol molar ratio of 1.1, solvent/(R,S)‐propranolol ratio of 16.2 mL.g‐1, and crystallization temperature of –5 °C. The desired (S)‐propranolol was prepared with 94.8% optical purity and 72.2% yield under the optimal conditions. Chirality 27:131–136, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human activity recognition based on transformed accelerometer data from a mobile phone
Authors: Heng Xia , Wang Zhongmin , Wang Jiacun 
Published: October 2014

SummaryMobile phones are equipped with a rich set of sensors, such as accelerometers, magnetometers, gyroscopes, photometers, orientation sensors, and gravity sensors. These sensors can be used for human activity recognition in the ubiquitous computing domain. Most of reported studies consider acceleration signals that are collected from a known fixed device location and orientation. This paper describes how more accurate results of basic activity recognition can be achieved with transformed accelerometer data. Based on the rotation matrix (Euler Angle Conversion) derived from the orientation angles of gyroscopes and orientation sensors, we transform input signals into a reference coordinate system. The advantage of the transformation is that it allows activity classification and recognition to be carried out independent of the orientation of sensors. We consider five user activities: staying, walking, running, ascending stairs, and descending stairs, with a phone being placed in the subject's hand, or in pants pocket, or in a handbag. The results show that an overall orientation independent accuracy of 84.77% is achieved, which is a improvement of 17.26% over those classifications without input transformation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of a scale to measure caregiver skills in eating disorders
Authors: Hibbs Rebecca , Rhind Charlotte , Salerno Laura , Lo Coco Gianluca , Goddard Elizabeth , Schmidt Ulrike , Micali Nadia , Gowers Simon , Beecham Jennifer , Macdonald Pamela , Todd Gillian , Campbell Iain , Treasure Janet 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop and validate a new questionnaire designed to measure caregiver skills that, in line with the interpersonal component of the cognitive interpersonal maintenance model (Schmidt and Treasure, J Br J Clin Psychol, 45, 343–366, 2006), may be helpful in the support of people with anorexia nervosa (AN). A further aim is to assess whether this scale is sensitive to change following skills‐based caregiver interventions.MethodThe Caregiver Skills (CASK) scale was developed by a group of clinicians and caregivers. Preliminary versions of the scale devised for both caregivers and parents were given at baseline and at follow‐up after two studies of caregiver interventions (a clinical trial of the effectiveness of guided self‐help and training workshops). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were used to test the factorial structure of the CASK scale. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure internal consistency of the CASK scales.ResultsExploratory Factor Analysis suggested a six component solution (Bigger Picture, Self‐Care, Biting‐Your‐Tongue, Insight and Acceptance, Emotional Intelligence and Frustration Tolerance) and this model was confirmed with CFA. Significant clinically relevant correlations were found between the CASK scales and other standardised measures of caregivers' attitudes and behaviours. Furthermore, greater improvements on abilities measured by the CASK scale were found in caregivers who received skills‐training than caregivers assigned to a ‘treatment as usual' condition.DiscussionThe CASK scale is a measure of the fidelity of interventions based on the cognitive interpersonal maintenance model and is sensitive to the intensity of the intervention provided. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:290–297)
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Alkenylation of Arenes with Alkynes or Alkenes by 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Directed C–H Activation
Authors: Li Xing Guang , Liu Kai , Zou Gang , Liu Pei Nian 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe ruthenium‐catalyzed alkenylation of arenes with alkynes or alkenes has been achieved by using 1,2,3‐triazole as the directing group for the C–H activation. With [Ru(p‐cymene)Cl2]2 as the catalyst and Cu(OAc)2·H2O and AgSbF6 as additives, various triazole‐substituted arenes reacted readily with a range of internal alkynes or terminal alkenes to afford di‐ or monoalkenylated arenes with high regioselectivity and in moderate‐to‐excellent yields.
Three‐storey building retrofit: rocking isolation versus conventional design
Authors: Anastasopoulos Ioannis , Drosos Vasileios , Antonaki Nonika 
Published: October 2014

SummaryAlthough modern seismic codes have undoubtedly led to safer structures, the seismic vulnerability of metropolitan areas is unavoidably governed by that of older buildings, which constitute the vast majority of the current building stock. Quite alarmingly, even relatively moderate intensity earthquakes have been proven capable of challenging their structural integrity, leading to severe damage or collapse. Therefore, there is an urgent need to assess the vulnerability of existing structures and to evaluate the efficiency of novel retrofit techniques. This paper studies experimentally the seismic performance of an existing three‐storey building, retrofitted through addition of shear walls. Emphasis is placed on the foundation of the shear walls, and two design alternatives are comparatively assessed: (a) conventional design according to current seismic codes and (b) ‘rocking isolation’ by reducing the size of the foundation. A series of reduced‐scale shaking table tests are conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Mechanics of the National Technical University of Athens. The physical model encompasses the structural system, along with the foundations, and the soil. The nonlinearity of structural members is simulated through specially designed and carefully calibrated artificial plastic hinges. The vulnerability of the original structure is confirmed, as it is found to collapse with a soft‐storey mechanism when subjected to moderate intensity shaking. The conventionally retrofitted structure is proven capable of sustaining larger intensity shaking, and the rocking‐isolated structure is shown to offer increased safety margins. Thanks to its inherent self‐centering mechanism, the rocking system is characterized by reduced permanent drifts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term mild‐intensity exercise regimen preserves prefrontal cortical volume against aging
Authors: Tamura Masashi , Nemoto Kiyotaka , Kawaguchi Atsushi , Kato Morimasa , Arai Tetsuaki , Kakuma Tatsuyuki , Mizukami Katsuyoshi , Matsuda Hiroshi , Soya Hideaki , Asada Takashi 
Published: October 2014

ObjectivesIt has been suggested that exercise improves cognitive function and increases cerebral volume even in older people. However, the relation between cognitive function and brain volume is unclear. We evaluated the longitudinal change of cognitive function and gray matter volume due to mild‐intensity exercise over 2 years, and the residual effects 6 months post‐exercise.MethodsSubjects were 110 healthy older individuals over 65 years old in Tone town, Ibaraki prefecture. Seventy‐five participants were voluntarily enrolled in the exercise group. A mild‐intensity calisthenics regimen, which consisted of home‐based and club‐based programs for as long as 2 years, was employed as the intervention for the exercise group.ResultsThe exercise group showed significant improvement in attentional shift over the course of the observation period including a 6‐month follow‐up. Neuroimaging analysis revealed the significant preservation of bilateral prefrontal volume in the exercise group with small‐volume corrections, although this effect faded after intervention. Furthermore, the longitudinal changes in attentional shift and memory were positively correlated with the prefrontal volumetric changes.ConclusionOur results suggest that mild‐intensity exercise could prevent prefrontal volume reduction due to aging and impede cognitive decline. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictive distractor context facilitates attentional selection of high, but not intermediate and low, salience targets
Authors: Töllner Thomas , Conci Markus , Müller Hermann J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIt is well established that we can focally attend to a specific region in visual space without shifting our eyes, so as to extract action‐relevant sensory information from covertly attended locations. The underlying mechanisms that determine how fast we engage our attentional spotlight in visual‐search scenarios, however, remain controversial. One dominant view advocated by perceptual decision‐making models holds that the times taken for focal‐attentional selection are mediated by an internal template that biases perceptual coding and selection decisions exclusively through target‐defining feature coding. This notion directly predicts that search times remain unaffected whether or not participants can anticipate the upcoming distractor context. Here we tested this hypothesis by employing an illusory‐figure localization task that required participants to search for an invariant target amongst a variable distractor context, which gradually changed—either randomly or predictably—as a function of distractor‐target similarity. We observed a graded decrease in internal focal‐attentional selection times—correlated with external behavioral latencies—for distractor contexts of higher relative to lower similarity to the target. Critically, for low but not intermediate and high distractor‐target similarity, these context‐driven effects were cortically and behaviorally amplified when participants could reliably predict the type of distractors. This interactive pattern demonstrates that search guidance signals can integrate information about distractor, in addition to target, identities to optimize distractor‐target competition for focal‐attentional selection. Hum Brain Mapp 36:935–944, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The use of optical trap and microbeam to investigate the mechanical and transport characteristics of tunneling nanotubes in tumor spheroids
Authors: Patheja Pooja , Dasgupta Raktim , Dube Alok , Ahlawat Sunita , Verma Ravi Shanker , Gupta Pradeep Kumar 
Published: October 2014

The use of optical trap and microbeam for investigating mechanical and transport properties of inter cellular tunneling nanotubes (TnTs) in tumor spheroids has been demonstrated. TnTs in tumor spheroids have been visualized by manipulating TnT connected cells using optical tweezers. Functionality of the TnTs for transferring cytoplasmic vesicles and injected dye molecules by optoporation method has been studied. Further, the TnTs could be longitudinally stretched by manipulating the connected cells and their elastic response was studied.
Manipulation of cells at the surface of tumor spheroid using optical tweezers and injection of fluorescent dye into a trapped cell using optoporation technique.magnified imageManipulation of cells at the surface of tumor spheroid using optical tweezers and injection of fluorescent dye into a trapped cell using optoporation technique.
A smartphone‐enabled communication system to improve hospital communication: Usage and perceptions of medical trainees and nurses on general internal medicine wards
Authors: Wu Robert , Lo Vivian , Morra Dante , Appel Eva , Arany Teri , Curiale Beth , Ryan Joanne , Quan Sherman 
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUNDThere is increasing interest in the use of information and communication technologies to improve how clinicians communicate in hospital settings.METHODSWe implemented a communication system with support for physician handover and secure messaging on 2 general internal medicine wards. We measured usage and surveyed physicians and nurses on perceptions of the system's effects on communication.RESULTSBetween May 2011 and August 2012, a clinical teaching team received, on average, 14.8 messages per day through the system. Messages were typically sent as urgent (69.1%) and requested a text reply (76.5%). For messages requesting a text reply, 8.6% did not receive a reply. For those messages that did receive a reply, the median response time was 2.3 minutes, and 84.5% of messages received a reply within 15 minutes. Of those who completed the survey, 95.3% were medical residents (82 of 86) and 81.7% were nurses (83 of 116). Medical trainees (82.8%) and nursing staff (78.3%) agreed or strongly agreed that the system helped to speed up their daily work tasks. Overall, 67.1% of the trainees and 73.2% of nurses agreed or strongly agreed that the system made them more accountable in their clinical roles. Only 35.8% of physicians and 26.3% of nurses agreed or strongly agreed that the system was useful for communicating complex issues.CONCLUSIONSIn summary, with a system designed to improve communication, we found that there was high uptake and that users perceived that the system improved efficiency and accountability but was not appropriate for communicating complex issues. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:83–89. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Antioxidative stress effect of phosphoserine dimers is mediated via activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway
Authors: Mine Yoshinori , Young Denise , Yang Chengbo 
Published: October 2014

ScopePhosphoserine‐containing peptides have been shown to exert antioxidative stress effects, by lowering lipid peroxidation, increasing intracellular glutathione, and increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes in human intestinal epithelial cells. However, the role of phosphoserine residues in antioxidative stress activity, and their mechanism of action, remains unknown.Methods and resultsThe antioxidative stress activity of phosphoserine and phosphoserine peptides was examined using an in vitro model of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced oxidative stress in Caco‐2 cells. Phosphoserine dimers (2PS) reduced IL‐8 secretion in H2O2‐treated Caco‐2 cells, and reduced H2O2‐induced expression of genes involved in inflammation and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), lactoperoxidase (LPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil cytosolic factor 1/2 (NCF1/2), and nitric oxide synthase 2A (NOS2), and upregulated metallothionein 3 (MT3), peroxiredoxin 3 (PRDX3), and surfactant, pulmonary‐associated protein D (SFTPD), which are involved in protection against oxidative stress and activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway. At the protein level, 2PS reduced H2O2‐induced phosphorylation of the ERK1/2 and JNK MAPKs, and increased Nrf2 expression. Moreover, the ability of 2PS to reduce H2O2‐induced IL‐8 secretion, a marker of inflammation and oxidative stress, was abrogated in Nrf2 knockdown cells.ConclusionThese results suggest that 2PS reduce H2O2‐induced oxidative stress via the Nrf2 signaling pathway, and reveal a potential mechanism for the antioxidative stress activity of phosphoserine‐containing peptides.
Direct and sparse construction of consistent inverse mass matrices: general variational formulation and application to selective mass scaling
Authors: Tkachuk A. , Bischoff M. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryClassical explicit finite element formulations rely on lumped mass matrices. A diagonalized mass matrix enables a trivial computation of the acceleration vector from the force vector. Recently, non‐diagonal mass matrices for explicit finite element analysis (FEA) have received attention due to the selective mass scaling (SMS) technique. SMS allows larger time step sizes without substantial loss of accuracy. However, an expensive solution for accelerations is required at each time step. In the present study, this problem is solved by directly constructing the inverse mass matrix. First, a consistent and sparse inverse mass matrix is built from the modified Hamiltons principle with independent displacement and momentum variables. Usage of biorthogonal bases for momentum allows elimination of momentum unknowns without matrix inversions and directly yields the inverse mass matrix denoted here as reciprocal mass matrix (RMM). Secondly, a variational mass scaling technique is applied to the RMM. It is based on the penalized Hamiltons principle with an additional velocity variable and a free parameter. Using element‐wise bases for velocity and a local elimination yields variationally scaled RMM. Thirdly, examples illustrating the efficiency of the proposed method for simplex elements are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional simulation of crack with curved front with direct estimation of stress intensity factors
Authors: Langlois C. Roux , Gravouil A. , Baietto M.‐C. , Réthoré J. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThis paper consists of an extension of simulation with direct estimation of stress intensity factors to the three‐dimensional case. Here, it combines X‐FEM with localized multigrids and direct estimation of quantities of interest along the crack front (SIF, T‐stress, etc.) based on crack tip asymptotic series expansion. In practice, a three‐dimensional patch is introduced locally with a truncated basis of Williams series expansion and is linked in a weak sense with the X‐FEM localized multigrids. Some examples (with available analytical solutions) illustrate the efficiency and the robustness of the method. These examples consider planar cracks with curved front, but the proposed method aims to apply to any continuously curved crack. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.