bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intranasal Ketorolac as Part of a Multimodal Approach to Postoperative Pain
Authors: Pergolizzi Joseph V. , Taylor Robert , Raffa Robert B. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDespite recent advances in the knowledge of pain mechanisms and pain management, postoperative pain continues to be a problem. Inadequately managed postsurgical pain has both clinical and economic consequences such as longer recovery times, delayed ambulation, higher incidence of complications, increased length of hospital stay, and potential to develop into chronic pain. Generally, opioids are the mainstay option for pain management in patients with moderate‐to‐severe postsurgical pain; however, opioids have significant side effects and have abuse potential. To improve patient and economic outcomes after surgery, postoperative pain guidelines have suggested incorporating a multi‐modal/multi‐mechanistic approach to pain treatment. A multi‐modal approach is the simultaneous use of a combination of two or more (usually opioid and non‐opioid) analgesics that provide two different mechanisms of actions. Utilizing a multi‐modal approach may result in a greater reduction in pain vs. single therapies in addition to minimizing opioid use, thus reducing opioid related side effects. However, not all approaches may be effective for all types of patients and not all analgesics may be a viable option for outpatient settings, ambulatory surgery, or the fast‐track surgical procedures. In this report, we present a review of the literature with a focus on intranasal ketorolac in order to provide a timely update regarding past, present, and future multi‐modal treatment options for postoperative pain.
Rationalization, Evidence, and Pretense
Authors: D'Cruz Jason 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn this paper I distinguish the category of “rationalization” from various forms of epistemic irrationality. I maintain that only if we model rationalizers as pretenders can we make sense of the rationalizer's distinctive relationship to the evidence in her possession. I contrast the cognitive attitude of the rationalizer with that of believers whose relationship to the evidence I describe as “waffling” or “intransigent”. In the final section of the paper, I compare the rationalizer to the Frankfurtian bullshitter.
Family Centered Brief Intensive Treatment: A Pilot Study of an Outpatient Treatment for Acute Suicidal Ideation
Authors: Anastasia Trena T. , Humphries‐Wadsworth Terresa , Pepper Carolyn M. , Pearson Timothy M. 
Published: August 2014

Family Centered Brief Intensive Treatment (FC BIT), a hospital diversion treatment program for individuals with acute suicidal ideation, was developed to treat suicidal clients and their families. Individuals who met criteria for hospitalization were treated as outpatients using FC BIT (n = 19) or an intensive outpatient treatment without the family component (IOP; n = 24). Clients receiving FC BIT identified family members or supportive others to participate in therapy. FC BIT clients had significantly greater improvement at the end of treatment compared to IOP clients on measures of depression, hopelessness, and suicidality. Further research is needed to test the efficacy of FC BIT.
Factors Associated with Current Versus Lifetime Self‐Injury Among High School and College Students
Authors: Taliaferro Lindsay A. , Muehlenkamp Jennifer J. 
Published: August 2014

We sought to identify factors associated with current versus lifetime nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) and factors that show consonant and distinct relationships with current NSSI for adolescents and young adults. Data came from a population‐based survey of high school students (n = 9,985) and a national survey of college students (n = 7,801). Among both samples, factors associated with current NSSI included male gender, younger age, greater depressive symptoms, more hopelessness, and being the victim of a verbal or physical assault. For high school students, greater anxiety, and for college students, identifying as non‐White, negative perceptions of one's weight, a same‐sex sexual experience, and involvement in dating violence also distinguished the groups. Findings suggest that clinical and research assessments of lifetime NSSI might not extend to current behavior, and some differences exist in the factors associated with current behavior between adolescents and young adults. Clinical practice and prevention programming efforts should target certain intrapersonal and interpersonal factors associated with current NSSI among younger students during stressful transition periods in their lives, such as entering high school or college, when they might consider initiating or continuing this behavior.
The Olsen P/solution P relationship as affected by soil properties
Authors: Sánchez‐Alcalá I. , del Campillo M. C. , Barrón V. , Torrent J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractLittle attention has so far been given to the relationship of Olsen P to solution P at P levels in the soil solution within the range relevant to plant growth. In this work, we investigated the relationship between these two P forms in 24 noncalcareous and 25 calcareous Spanish soils, using the concentration of P in the 0.01 m CaCl2 extract (1:10 soil:solution ratio; 30 min shaking) as a proxy for the P concentration in the soil solution. Application of the Freundlich equation (y = axb) in linearized form provided a parsimonious, largely accurate description of the Olsen P/CaCl2‐P relationship. The average value of exponent b, 0.53, suggests that Olsen P relates to the quantity of P in soil rather than to its intensity. The estimated Olsen P values at a CaCl2‐P concentration of 0.01 and 0.03 mg/L (viz., Olsen P0.01 and Olsen P0.03, respectively) varied over wide ranges (0.6–33.9 and 2.0–38.9 mg/kg, respectively). Based on the results of a regression analysis, silicate clays, carbonates and, especially, Fe oxides contribute positively to Olsen P0.01 and Olsen P0.03. The fact that, as shown here, Olsen P at a specific solution P concentration can be predicted from easily measured soil properties can facilitate decision‐making in managing fertilizer P.
Tracking a Person Over Time Is Tracking What?
Authors: Brook Andrew 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTracking persons, that is, determining that a person now is or is not a specific earlier person, is extremely common and widespread in our way of life and extremely important. If so, figuring out what we are tracking, what it is to persist as a person over a period of time, is also important. Trying to figure this out will be the main focus of this chapter.
Management of canine corneal squamous cell carcinoma with lamellar keratectomy and strontium 90 plesiotherapy: 3 cases
Authors: Nevile Jessica C. , Hurn Simon D. , Turner Andrew G. , McCowan Christina 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurposeTo report three cases of canine corneal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with strontium 90 beta radiation as an adjunct to surgical excision.MethodsCornealSCCwas excised with lamellar keratectomy. This was followed by local application of strontium 90 beta radiation.ResultsAvailable case follow‐up times range from 3 to 50 months. One case suffered a recurrence 5 months following initial excision and strontium 90 treatment.Conclusion and discussionStrontium 90 beta radiation has been used extensively as an adjunctive treatment for equine cornealSCCand in other canine ocular tumors; however, there is a paucity of information regarding use in canine cornealSCC. The cases presented here suggest its use following keratectomy may be helpful in preventing disease recurrence. At the dosage used, severe adverse effects were not observed.
The influence of patient positioning uncertainties in proton radiotherapy on proton range and dose distributions
Authors: Liebl Jakob , Paganetti Harald , Zhu Mingyao , Winey Brian A. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose:Proton radiotherapy allows radiation treatment delivery with high dose gradients. The nature of such dose distributions increases the influence of patient positioning uncertainties on their fidelity when compared to photon radiotherapy. The present work quantitatively analyzes the influence of setup uncertainties on proton range and dose distributions.Methods:Thirty‐eight clinical passive scattering treatment fields for small lesions in the head were studied. Dose distributions for shifted and rotated patient positions were Monte Carlo‐simulated. Proton range uncertainties at the 50%‐ and 90%‐dose falloff position were calculated considering 18 arbitrary combinations of maximal patient position shifts and rotations for two patient positioning methods. Normal tissue complication probabilities (NTCPs), equivalent uniform doses (EUDs), and tumor control probabilities (TCPs) were studied for organs at risk (OARs) and target volumes of eight patients.Results:The authors identified a median 1σ proton range uncertainty at the 50%‐dose falloff of 2.8 mm for anatomy‐based patient positioning and 1.6 mm for fiducial‐based patient positioning as well as 7.2 and 5.8 mm for the 90%‐dose falloff position, respectively. These range uncertainties were correlated to heterogeneity indices (HIs) calculated for each treatment field (38% <R2 < 50%). A NTCP increase of more than 10% (absolute) was observed for less than 2.9% (anatomy‐based positioning) and 1.2% (fiducial‐based positioning) of the studied OARs and patient shifts. For target volumes TCP decreases by more than 10% (absolute) occurred in less than 2.2% of the considered treatment scenarios for anatomy‐based patient positioning and were nonexistent for fiducial‐based patient positioning. EUD changes for target volumes were up to 35% (anatomy‐based positioning) and 16% (fiducial‐based positioning).Conclusions:The influence of patient positioning uncertainties on proton range in therapy of small lesions in the human brain as well as target and OAR dosimetry were studied. Observed range uncertainties were correlated with HIs. The clinical practice of using multiple fields with smeared compensators while avoiding distal OAR sparing is considered to be safe.
Fully automated segmentation of cartilage from the MR images of knee using a multi‐atlas and local structural analysis method
Authors: Lee June‐Goo , Gumus Serter , Moon Chan Hong , Kwoh C. Kent , Bae Kyongtae Ty 
Published: August 2014

Purpose:To develop a fully automated method to segment cartilage from the magnetic resonance (MR) images of knee and to evaluate the performance of the method on a public, open dataset.Methods:The segmentation scheme consisted of three procedures: multiple‐atlas building, applying a locally weighted vote (LWV), and region adjustment. In the atlas building procedure, all training cases were registered to a target image by a nonrigid registration scheme and the best matched atlases selected. A LWV algorithm was applied to merge the information from these atlases and generate the initial segmentation result. Subsequently, for the region adjustment procedure, the statistical information of bone, cartilage, and surrounding regions was computed from the initial segmentation result. The statistical information directed the automated determination of the seed points inside and outside bone regions for the graph‐cut based method. Finally, the region adjustment was conducted by the revision of outliers and the inclusion of abnormal bone regions.Results:A total of 150 knee MR images from a public, open dataset (available atwww.ski10.org) were used for the development and evaluation of this approach. The 150 cases were divided into the training set (100 cases) and the test set (50 cases). The cartilages were segmented successfully in all test cases in an average of 40 min computation time. The average dice similarity coefficient was 71.7% ± 8.0% for femoral and 72.4% ± 6.9% for tibial cartilage.Conclusions:The authors have developed a fully automated segmentation program for knee cartilage from MR images. The performance of the program based on 50 test cases was highly promising.
Severe Sepsis Due to Chryseobacterium indologenes in an Immunocompetent Adventure Traveler
Authors: McKew Genevieve 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTChryseobacterium indologenesis an environmental organism which is usually an opportunistic pathogen, most usually associated with nosocomial or device-related infections. This case, affecting a fit and well adventure traveler, demonstrates that it may be an agent of severe sepsis in otherwise healthy humans.
Socioeconomic inequalities in parent-reported and teacher-reported psychological well-being
Authors: Lewis Hannah , Hope Steven , Pearce Anna 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo determine whether there are differences in the social gradient of parent-reported and teacher-reported child psychological well-being.DesignSecondary data analysis comparing ratings of child psychological well-being (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ) in the UK Millennium Cohort Study at 7 years by socioeconomic circumstances (SEC). A number of measures of SEC were tested; results are reported for maternal education. From a sample of 13 168 singletons who participated at the age of 7 years, complete data were available for 8207 children.ResultsThere was a social gradient in SDQ scores reported by parents and teachers, with ‘borderline/abnormal’ scores more prevalent in children with lower-educated mothers. However, the gradient was more marked in parent report compared with teacher report, and discrepancies between parent and teacher reports were greatest for children from higher SECs.ConclusionsThe social gradient in child psychological well-being, although present, was weaker in teacher report compared with parent report. This may be because children behave differently in school and home settings, or parents and teachers demonstrate reporting bias.
Increasing smoke alarm operability through theory-based health education: a randomised trial
Authors: Miller Ted R , Bergen Gwen , Ballesteros Michael F , Bhattacharya Soma , Gielen Andrea Carlson , Sheppard Monique S 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundAlthough working smoke alarms halve deaths in residential fires, many households do not keep alarms operational. We tested whether theory-based education increases alarm operability.MethodsRandomised multiarm trial, with a single arm randomly selected for use each day, in low-income neighbourhoods in Maryland, USA. Intervention arms: (1) Full Education combining a health belief module with a social-cognitive theory module that provided hands-on practice installing alarm batteries and using the alarm's hush button; (2) Hands-on Practice social-cognitive module supplemented by typical fire department education; (3) Current Norm receiving typical fire department education only. Four hundred and thirty-six homes recruited through churches or by knocking on doors in 2005–2008. Follow-up visits checked alarm operability in 370 homes (85%) 1–3.5 years after installation. Main outcome measures: number of homes with working alarms defined as alarms with working batteries or hard-wired and number of working alarms per home. Regressions controlled for alarm status preintervention; demographics and beliefs about fire risks and alarm effectiveness.ResultsHomes in the Full Education and Practice arms were more likely to have a functioning smoke alarm at follow-up (OR=2.77, 95% CI 1.09 to 7.03) and had an average of 0.32 more working alarms per home (95% CI 0.09 to 0.56). Working alarms per home rose 16%. Full Education and Practice had similar effectiveness (p=0.97 on both outcome measures).ConclusionsWithout exceeding typical fire department installation time, installers can achieve greater smoke alarm operability. Hands-on practice is key. Two years after installation, for every three homes that received hands-on practice, one had an additional working alarm.Trial registration numberhttp://www.clinicaltrials.govnumberNCT00139126.
Follicular cystitis in a dog
Authors: Sul Rui Moncao , Hammond Gawain , Pratschke Kathryn 
Published: August 2014

A four‐year‐old female Cavalier King Charles Spaniel with a history of recurrent lower urinary tract disease refractory to treatment was referred to our hospital. Clinical examination was unremarkable apart from thickening of the dorsal vulva. Abdominal ultrasound was compatible with possible areas of mild thickening of the bladder wall. Lower genitourinary‐contrast radiographic studies showed multiple small lesions in the bladder wall. Surgical biopsy of the bladder was compatible with follicular cystitis and excised uterine tissue was consistent with cervicitis. Clinical signs resolved after treatment with a combination of antibiosis, NSAIDs, pentosan polysulfate and amitriptyline. Follow‐up 30 months after surgery confirmed that the dog was free of clinical signs. Follicular cystitis has not been previously reported in dogs but should be considered as a differential for patients with refractory long‐standing lower urinary tract disease.
Closantel toxicity in a pregnant ewe at mid gestation: the pathological evaluation of the ewe and lamb nine months later
Authors: Hannon Fergus Patrick , Ellis Kathryn Amanda , Guevar Julien , Marchesi Francesco , Geraghty Timothy , Leach Joshua David George 
Published: August 2014

In February 2013, a flock of 20 pastured ewes was treated with oral closantel. Within 10 days of dosing, one 2‐year‐old Texel‐cross ewe that was approximately three months in lamb was noticed to be spending a prolonged time in recumbency. On the 6th of March, the animal was referred to Scottish Centre for Production Animal Health and Food Safety (SCPAHFS). At admission, the ewe appeared blind, pupils were dilated with a negative menace response and pupillary light reflex bilaterally. Closantel toxicity was suspected. Following admission, this ewe was housed and was stable despite remaining blind. On April 21, a single male lamb was born. This lamb was found to have normal clinical and neurological parameters over five months of observation following birth. On postmortem examination closantel toxicity was confirmed in the ewe while following detailed gross and histological examination of all tissues of the lamb there was no indication of the toxicity suffered by its mother.
A Phase I Study of the First-in-Class Antimitochondrial Metabolism Agent, CPI-613, in Patients with Advanced Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Pardee Timothy S. , Lee King , Luddy John , Maturo Claudia , Rodriguez Robert , Isom Scott , Miller Lance D. , Stadelman Kristin M. , Levitan Denise , Hurd David , Ellis Leslie R. , Harrelson Robin , Manuel Megan , Dralle Sarah , Lyerly Susan , Powell Bayard L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPurpose: The lipoate derivative CPI-613 is a first-in-class agent that targets mitochondrial metabolism. This study determined the effects of CPI-613 on mitochondrial function and defined the MTD, pharmacokinetics, and safety in patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies.Experimental Design: Human leukemia cell lines were exposed to CPI-613 and mitochondrial function was assayed. A phase I trial was conducted in which CPI-613 was given as a 2-hour infusion on days 1 and 4 for 3 weeks every 28 days.Results: CPI-613 inhibited mitochondrial respiration of human leukemia cells consistent with the proposed mechanism of action. In the phase I trial, 26 patients were enrolled. CPI-613 was well tolerated with no marrow suppression observed. When the infusion time was shortened to 1 hour, renal failure occurred in 2 patients. At 3,780 mg/m2, there were two dose-limiting toxicities (DLT). At a dose of 2,940 mg/m2 over 2 hours, no DLTs were observed, establishing this as the MTD. Renal failure occurred in a total of 4 patients and resolved in all but 1, who chose hospice care. CPI-613 has a triphasic elimination with an alpha half-life of approximately 1.34 hours. Of the 21 evaluable, heavily pretreated patients, 4 achieved an objective response and 2 achieved prolonged stabilization of disease for a clinical benefit rate of 29%. Following drug exposure, gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from responders demonstrated immune activation.Conclusion: CPI-613 inhibits mitochondrial function and demonstrates activity in a heavily pretreated cohort of patients. Clin Cancer Res; 20(20); 5255–64. ©2014 AACR.
Antifailure Therapy Including Spironolactone Improves Left Ventricular Energy Supply‐Demand Relations in Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Bell Susan P. , Adkisson Douglas W. , Lawson Mark A. , Wang Li , Ooi Henry , Sawyer Douglas B. , Kronenberg Marvin W. 
Published: August 2014

Background

Left ventricular (
LV
) energy supply‐demand imbalance is postulated to cause “energy starvation” and contribute to heart failure (
HF
) in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (
NIDCM
). Using cardiac magnetic resonance (
CMR
) and [
11
C] acetate positron emission tomography (
PET
), we evaluated
LV
perfusion and oxidative metabolism in
NIDCM
and the effects of spironolactone on
LV
supply‐demand relations.

Methods and Results

Twelve patients with
NIDCM
underwent
CMR
and
PET
at baseline and after ≥6 months of spironolactone therapy added to a standard
HF
regimen. The myocardial perfusion reserve index (
MPRI
) was calculated after gadolinium injection during adenosine, as compared to rest. The monoexponential clearance rate of [
11
C] acetate (k
mono
) was used to calculate the work metabolic index (
WMI
), an index of
LV
mechanical efficiency, and k
mono
/
RPP
(rate‐pressure product), an index of energy supply/demand. At baseline, the subendocardium was hypoperfused versus the subepicardium (median
MPRI,
1.63 vs. 1.80;
P
<0.001), but improved to 1.80 (
P
<0.001) after spironolactone. The
WMI
increased (
P
=0.001), as did k
mono
/
RPP
(
P
=0.003). These improvements were associated with reverse remodeling, increased
LV ejection fraction
, and decreases in
LV
mass and systolic wall stress (all
P
<0.002).

Conclusions

NIDCM
is associated with subendocardial hypoperfusion and impaired myocardial oxidative metabolism, consistent with energy starvation. Antifailure therapy improves parameters of energy starvation and is associated with augmented
LV
performance.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
Unique identifier: ID NCT00574119.