bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuber production, dormancy and resistance against Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) in wild potato species
Authors: Horgan F. G. , Quiring D. T. , Lagnaoui A. , Pelletier Y. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe diversification of resistant potato varieties at a landscape level could slow adaptation by Phthorimaea operculella to potato resistance and promote sustainable crop protection. In this study, we assessed wild potato species as novel sources of foliage and tuber resistance against P. operculella. Tuber resistance was quantified for 136 and foliage resistance for 54 potato accessions representing 14 and nine potato species, respectively. Several accessions were highly resistant to moth damage in tubers and/or foliage. In particular, Solanum chiquidenum and Solanum sandemanii were highly resistant to damage in tubers. Several accessions of Solanum multiinterruptum and a small number of accessions of Solanum bukasovii, Solanum berthaultii, Solanum sparsipilum and Solanum wittmackii also had highly resistant tubers. Larval survival on foliage of S. bukasovii and S. chiquidenum was generally low. New resistance sources are listed, and insect performance on the plants is described with possible resistance mechanisms. The study also examined potential trade‐offs associated with resistance. Tuber resistance was negatively correlated with the number and weight of tubers produced per plant, but positively correlated with the length of dormancy across accessions, indicating that, although long dormancy is not a prerequisite for resistance, species and accessions with extended dormancy will have more resistant tubers. Tuber and foliage resistance were generally positively correlated across all accessions; however, among accessions from within a potato species, there were negative (S. berthaultii), positive (S. chiquidenum) and non‐significant (S. bukasovii) relations. These results indicate that, besides identifying novel resistance sources, an improved understanding of the mechanisms and inherent trade‐offs associated with tuber and foliage resistance will improve the efficiency of potato breeding programmes aimed at enhancing resistance against P. operculella.
Involvement of the K+‐Cl− co‐transporter KCC2 in the sensitization to morphine‐induced hyperlocomotion under chronic treatment with zolpidem in the mesolimbic system
Authors: Shibasaki Masahiro , Masukawa Daiki , Ishii Kazunori , Yamagishi Yui , Mori Tomohisa , Suzuki Tsutomu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBenzodiazepines are commonly used as sedatives, sleeping aids, and anti‐anxiety drugs. However, chronic treatment with benzodiazepines is known to induce dependence, which is considered related to neuroplastic changes in the mesolimbic system. This study investigated the involvement of K+‐Cl− co‐transporter 2 (KCC2) in the sensitization to morphine‐induced hyperlocomotion after chronic treatment with zolpidem [a selective agonist of γ‐aminobutyric acid A‐type receptor (GABAAR) α1 subunit]. In this study, chronic treatment with zolpidem enhanced morphine‐induced hyperlocomotion, which is accompanied by the up‐regulation of KCC2 in the limbic forebrain. We also found that chronic treatment with zolpidem induced the down‐regulation of protein phosphatase‐1 (PP‐1) as well as the up‐regulation of phosphorylated protein kinase C γ (pPKCγ). Furthermore, PP‐1 directly associated with KCC2 and pPKCγ, whereas pPKCγ did not associate with KCC2. On the other hand, pre‐treatment with furosemide (a KCC2 inhibitor) suppressed the enhancing effects of zolpidem on morphine‐induced hyperlocomotion. These results suggest that the mesolimbic dopaminergic system could be amenable to neuroplastic change through a pPKCγ‐PP‐1‐KCC2 pathway by chronic treatment with zolpidem.
Experimental determination of the vertical alignment between the second and third transmembrane segments of muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Mnatsakanyan Nelli , Jansen Michaela 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are members of the Cys‐loop ligand‐gated ion channel superfamily. Muscle nAChR are heteropentamers that assemble from two α, and one each of β, γ, and δ subunits. Each subunit is composed of three domains, extracellular, transmembrane and intracellular. The transmembrane domain consists of four α‐helical segments (M1–M4). Pioneering structural information was obtained using electronmicroscopy of Torpedo nAChR. The recently solved X‐ray structure of the first eukaryotic Cys‐loop receptor, a truncated (intracellular domain missing) glutamate‐gated chloride channel α (GluClα) showed the same overall architecture. However, a significant difference with regard to the vertical alignment between the channel‐lining segment M2 and segment M3 was observed. Here, we used functional studies utilizing disulfide trapping experiments in muscle nAChR to determine the spatial orientation between M2 and M3. Our results are in agreement with the vertical alignment as obtained when using the GluClα structure as a template to homology model muscle nAChR, however, they cannot be reconciled with the current Torpedo nAChR model. The vertical M2–M3 alignments as observed in X‐ray structures of prokaryotic Gloeobacter violaceus ligand‐gated ion channel and GluClα are in agreement. Our results further confirm that this alignment in Cys‐loop receptors is conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Nurses’ Preparedness and Perceived Competence in Managing Disasters
Authors: Baack Sylvia , Alfred Danita 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPurposeThis article is a descriptive analysis of rural nurses’ perceived readiness to manage disaster situations.Design and MethodsThe 58‐item Disaster Readiness Questionnaire was used to survey hospital‐based nurses from rural communities in Texas during the summer of 2011. The data were collected by emailing a link through the various hospital intranet sites, resulting in a sample size of 620 nurses.ResultsFindings revealed that most nurses are not confident in their abilities to respond to major disaster events. The nurses who were confident were more likely to have had actual prior experience in disasters or shelters. Self‐regulation of behavior (motivation) was a significant predictor of perceived nurse competence to manage disasters only in regard to the nurse's willingness to assume the risk of involvement in a disaster situation. Healthcare climate (job satisfaction) was not a determinant of disaster preparedness.ConclusionsGlobal increases in natural and human‐induced disasters have called attention to the part that health providers play in mitigation and recovery. Since nurses are involved in planning, mitigation, response, and recovery aspects of disasters, they should actively seek opportunities to participate in actual disaster events, mock drills, and further educational opportunities specific to disaster preparedness. Administrators must support and encourage disaster preparedness education of nurses to promote hospital readiness to provide community care delivery in the event of a disaster situation.Clinical RelevanceNursing comprises the largest healthcare workforce, and yet there is very little research examining nurses’ readiness for disaster.
Effect of mouth breathing on masticatory muscle activity during chewing food
Authors: Ikenaga N. , Yamaguchi K. , Daimon S. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine the effect of mouth breathing on masticatory muscle activity during chewing food. Masseter muscle activity during chewing of a rice ball was recorded in 45 adult volunteers (three women), identified as nose breathers. Surface electrodes were placed on the skin according to the orientation of the masseter muscle to record the activity of this muscle while the subjects chewed the food until swallowing. Each activity was recorded twice, once with nose breathing and once with mouth breathing induced by nasal obstruction. The integrated and mean electromyography values for mouth breathing were significantly lower than the values for nose breathing (P < 0·05). The resting and total duration of chewing were significantly prolonged (P < 0·05) and the active duration significantly shorter (P < 0·05) when breathing through the mouth compared with the nose. Significantly more chewing strokes were counted for mouth breathing compared with nose breathing (P < 0·05). Taken together, the results indicate that mouth breathing decreases chewing activity and reduces the vertical effect upon the posterior teeth.
More Frequent Vaginal Orgasm Is Associated with Experiencing Greater Excitement from Deep Vaginal Stimulation
Authors: Brody Stuart , Klapilova Katerina , Krejčová Lucie 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Research indicated that: (i) vaginal orgasm (induced by penile–vaginal intercourse [PVI] without concurrent clitoral masturbation) consistency (vaginal orgasm consistency [VOC]; percentage of PVI occasions resulting in vaginal orgasm) is associated with mental attention to vaginal sensations during PVI, preference for a longer penis, and indices of psychological and physiological functioning, and (ii) clitoral, distal vaginal, and deep vaginal/cervical stimulation project via different peripheral nerves to different brain regions.

Aims
The aim of this study is to examine the association of VOC with: (i) sexual arousability perceived from deep vaginal stimulation (compared with middle and shallow vaginal stimulation and clitoral stimulation), and (ii) whether vaginal stimulation was present during the woman's first masturbation.

Methods
A sample of 75 Czech women (aged 18–36), provided details of recent VOC, site of genital stimulation during first masturbation, and their recent sexual arousability from the four genital sites.

Main Outcome Measures
The association of VOC with: (i) sexual arousability perceived from the four genital sites and (ii) involvement of vaginal stimulation in first-ever masturbation.

Results
VOC was associated with greater sexual arousability from deep vaginal stimulation but not with sexual arousability from other genital sites. VOC was also associated with women's first masturbation incorporating (or being exclusively) vaginal stimulation.

Conclusions
The findings suggest (i) stimulating the vagina during early life masturbation might indicate individual readiness for developing greater vaginal responsiveness, leading to adult greater VOC, and (ii) current sensitivity of deep vaginal and cervical regions is associated with VOC, which might be due to some combination of different neurophysiological projections of the deep regions and their greater responsiveness to penile stimulation.
Allergen1 regulates polysaccharide structure in Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Jain Neena , Cordero Radames J. B. , Casadevall Arturo , Fries Bettina C. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryCryptococcus neoformans is an important human, fungal pathogen that sheds polysaccharide (exo‐PS) into host tissues. While shed exo‐PS mediates numerous untoward effects (including promoting increased intracranial pressure), little is known about the regulation of this phenomenon. Since downregulation of the Allergen 1 (ALL1) gene is associated with high ICP, we investigated the relationship between ALL1 expression and exo‐PS structure using a variety of biophysical techniques. The Δall1 mutants of two serotypes produced a shorter exo‐PS with less branching and structural complexity than the parental strains. Consistent with lower branching, these exo‐PSs manifested higher intrinsic viscosity than the parental strains. The Δall1 mutant strains manifested differences in epitope expression and significant resistance to phagocytosis. Exo‐PS of Δall1 mutant exhibited anti‐phagocytic properties. Comparative transcriptome analysis of mutant and parental strain under iron‐deprived conditions indicated a role of ALL1 in iron homeostasis, characterized by differential regulation of genes that mediate iron reduction and transport. Together, our results demonstrate a role of ALL1 in regulating conformational aspects of PS structure and iron homeostasis. These findings provide a mechanism to explain how changes in ALL1 expression influence virulence of switch variants and suggest that structural changes and polymer length are epigenetically regulated.
Complex internal architecture of a debris‐flow deposit revealed using ground‐penetrating radar, Cass, New Zealand
Authors: Starheim Colette C.A. , Gomez Christopher , Harrison Justin , Kain Claire , Brewer Nicholas J. , Owen Kirsty , Hadmoko Danang Sri , Purdie Heather , Zawar‐Reza Peyman , Owens Ian , Wassmer Patrick , Lavigne Franck 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPrevious research on debris‐flow deposit structure typically reports little to no visually discernible stratigraphy. The preliminary findings presented here provide evidence for more complex internal deposit architecture with inverse grading and subunits thought to reflect individual flow surges. Ground‐penetrating radar surveys, geospatial data and field observations are used to describe 10 subunits traceable over the 14 lateral radargrams imaging the lower 38 m of the deposit. Additional subunits are depicted further upslope in a longitudinal transect. As well as demonstrating the need for continued investigation of deposit architecture using non‐traditional techniques, these results may help improve future interpretations of post‐event deposits.
Impact of sevoflurane anesthesia on cerebral blood flow in children younger than 2 years
Authors: Rhondali Ossam , Mahr Aurélie , Simonin‐Lansiaux Sabine , De Queiroz Mathilde , Rhzioual‐Berrada Khalid , Combet Sylvie , Cejka Jean‐Christophe , Chassard Dominique 
Published: April 2013

SummaryObjective/AimTo assess the impact of sevoflurane and anesthesia‐induced hypotension on cerebral blood flow (CBF) in children younger than 2 years.BackgroundInhalational induction with sevoflurane is the most commonly used technique in young children. However, the effect of sevoflurane on cerebral perfusion has been only studied in adults and children older than 1 year. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of sevoflurane anesthesia on CBF in neonates and infants, using transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography.MethodsChildren younger than 2 years, ASA I or II, for abdominal or orthopedic surgery were included. Induction of anesthesia was started by sevoflurane 6% and maintained with an expired fraction of sevoflurane 3%. Mechanical ventilation was controlled to maintain an end tidal CO2 around 39 mmHg. CBF was assessed by measuring the velocities (systolic velocity SVmca, diastolic velocity DVmca and mean velocity MVmca) in the proximal segment of the middle cerebral artery (mca) in children awake and then 15 min after induction. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) variation was noted.ResultsOne hundred and thirteen children were included. We observed a significant decrease in MAP (−30%). DVmca decreased and pulsatility index increased significantly after induction. Subgroup analysis according to age showed that in infants older than 6 months, despite a significant reduction in MAP, there was no change in CBF velocity (CBFV) as measured by TCD sonography, until MAP dropped below 40% of baseline. In infants younger than 6 months, a significant decrease in MAP was observed which was associated with a significant variation in CBFV. In this population, when CBFV start to decrease, MAP under sevoflurane anesthesia was 38 mmHg or −20% from baseline value.ConclusionOur results are in favor of a reduction in CBF after induction with sevoflurane in children younger than 6 months. This population is more sensitive to MAP decrease than older children because of a lower limit of cerebral autoregulation, and this limit may be 38 mmHg with sevoflurane anesthesia.
Prevention of intraoperative hypothermia in neonates and infants: results of a prospective multicenter observational study with a new forced‐air warming system with increased warm air flow
Authors: Witt Lars , Dennhardt Nils , Eich Christoph , Mader Thomas , Fischer Thomas , Bräuer Anselm , Sümpelmann Robert 
Published: April 2013

SummaryObjectivesNeonates and infants are at the highest risk of developing perioperative hypothermia. A number of methods to prevent hypothermia during pediatric anesthesia are in use, and despite the fact that conventional forced‐air warmers are the most effective devices, they are not always sufficient enough to maintain body temperature. Therefore, recently a new forced‐air warming system with an increased warm air flow was introduced to the market.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate this new forced‐air warming system in neonates and infants during pediatric anesthesia. We hypothesized that the new blanket alone is sufficient enough to prevent neonates and infants from intraoperative hypothermia.MethodsNeonates and infants (body weight <10 kg) were enrolled in this prospective multicenter observational study. After admission to the operating room, the children were placed on the new forced‐air warming blanket. Body temperature was measured continuously until admission to the recovery room or pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).ResultsHundred and nineteen children with a median body weight of 4.1 kg (range: 0.7–9.8) were enrolled and received their intended treatment. Median body temperature at the induction of anesthesia was 36.5°C (range: 35.3–38.2°C) and increased with the length of the operation up to 37.8°C (37.1–38.2°C) after 180 min. Median body temperature after admission to the recovery room or PICU was 37.2°C (36.0–38.6°C) and remained significantly above baseline (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe new forced‐air warming system as a sole warming device is effective in preventing perioperative hypothermia during pediatric anesthesia in neonates and infants.
Marker‐assisted introgression of bacterial blight and blast resistance into IR 58025B, an elite maintainer line of rice
Authors: Hari Yadla , Srinivasarao Kommoju , Viraktamath Basavaraj C. , Hari Prasad Arremsetty S. , Laha Gouri S. , I. Ahmed Mohammed , Natarajkumar Podishetty , Sujatha Kalidindi , Srinivas Prasad Madamshetty , Pandey Manish , Ramesha Mugalodi S. , Neeraja Chirravuri N. , Balachandran Sena M. , S. Rani Nallathigal , Kemparaju Balachandra , Madhan Mohan Kolluru , Sama Venkata S. A. K. , Shaik Hajira , Balachiranjeevi Chintavaram , Pranathi Karnati , Ashok Reddy Gajjala , Madhav Maganti S. , Sundaram Raman M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIR 58025A is a very popular wild‐abortive cytoplasmic male sterile (WA‐CMS) line of rice and is extensively used for hybrid rice breeding. However, IR 58025A and many hybrids derived from it possess mild aroma (undesirable in some parts of India) and are highly susceptible to bacterial blight (BB) and blast diseases. To improve IR 58025A for BB and blast resistance, we have introgressed a major dominant gene conferring resistance against BB (i.e. Xa21) and blast (i.e. Pi54) into IR 58025B, the maintainer line of IR 58025A. An introgression line of Samba Mahsuri (i.e. SM2154) possessing Xa21 and Pi54 genes in homozygous condition and fine‐grain type was used as donor parent, and backcross breeding strategy was adopted for targeted introgression of the resistance genes. PCR‐based molecular markers tightly linked to Xa21 and Pi54 were used for selection of BB‐ and blast‐resistant lines, while closely linked markers were used for identification of backcross‐derived plants devoid of Rf4 and aroma. At BC2F5, four backcross‐derived lines possessing resistance against BB and blast, devoid of aroma, high yield, short plant stature, long‐slender grain type and with recurrent parent genome recovery ranging from 88.8% to 98.6% were selected and advanced for further evaluation. The improved versions of IR 58025B, viz. SB54‐11‐143‐9‐44‐5, SB54‐11‐143‐9‐44‐98, SB54‐11‐143‐9‐44‐111 and SB54‐11‐143‐9‐44‐171, behaved as perfect maintainers when test‐crossed with WA‐CMS lines. Agronomically superior lines of improved IR 58025B are being converted to CMS line through backcrossing for developing high‐yielding and biotic stress‐resistant rice hybrids.
Bernard–Soulier syndrome caused by a hemizygous GPIbβ mutation and 22q11.2 deletion
Authors: Kunishima Shinji , Imai Tsuyoshi , Kobayashi Ryoji , Kato Motohiro , Ogawa Seishi , Saito Hidehiko 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundBernard–Soulier syndrome (BSS) is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder characterized by giant platelets, thrombocytopenia, and a prolonged bleeding time, which is caused by homozygous mutations in the GPIbα, GPIbβ, or GPIX genes. The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is caused by a microdeletion on chromosome 22, which includes the GPIbβ gene, and is characterized by abnormal development of the pharyngeal apparatus and heart. Thus, patients with 22q11.2DS are obligate carriers for BSS.MethodsWe evaluated two infants with BSS and performed the genetic analysis of the GPIbα, GPIbβ, or GPIX genes, and investigated the segregation of the mutation within the families. The status of the 22q11.2 deletion was examined by fluorescence in situ hybridization and single‐nucleotide polymorphism array copy number analysis.ResultsDNA sequencing analysis revealed that the infants were compound heterozygous for a hemizygous mutation in the GPIbβ gene (p.Trp148X and p.Leu97Phe, respectively) and 22q11.2 deletion in the other chromosome. Both infants had the common 3Mb 22q11.2 deletion but did not show major phenotypic features of 22q11.2DS, such as developmental delay, cardiac defects, dysmorphic facial features, palatal anomalies, hypocalcemia, and immune deficiency. The 22q11.2DS would not have become clear if detailed molecular genetic analyses of BSS had not been performed.ConclusionsOur cases illustrate that a suspicion of 22q11.2 deletion is warranted in pediatric BSS patients with a mutation in the GPIbβ gene, even without remarkable symptoms.
Feeding interval and postprandial intestinal blood flow in premature infants
Authors: Maruyama Kenichi , Fujiu Toru , Inoue Takahiro , Koizumi Aya , Inoue Fumitaka 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe feeding interval is an important factor in enteral feeding of premature infants. We investigated postprandial intestinal blood flow in stable very‐low‐birthweight infants fed at 2‐h and 3‐h intervals.MethodsWe used pulsed wave Doppler ultrasound to measure blood flow velocity of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) before feeding and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after feeding. Measurements were made on the day of starting enteral nutrition (1 or 2 days of age), and at 3 and 5 days of age. A total of 21 studies were performed in seven infants fed every 2 h, and 54 studies were performed in 18 infants fed every 3 h.ResultsIn infants fed every 2 h, SMA blood flow velocity increased from before feeding to 30 min after feeding and then decreased at 60 min after feeding. In infants fed every 3 h, SMA blood flow velocity increased after feeding, reaching a peak at 30 min. The correlation coefficients between the volume of milk per feed and the postprandial increase in time‐averaged mean blood flow velocity were 0.398 (P = 0.074, n = 21) and 0.597 (P = 0.000, n = 54) in infants fed at 2‐h and 3‐h intervals, respectively.ConclusionsSMA blood flow velocity significantly increased after feeding in infants fed at 2‐h and 3‐h intervals. The volume of milk per feed might affect the postprandial increase in SMA blood flow velocity.