bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classifying the severity of paediatric chronic pain – an application of the chronic pain grading
Authors: Wager J. , Hechler T. , Darlington A.S. , Hirschfeld G. , Vocks S. , Zernikow B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe chronic pain grading (CPG), a standard approach to classify the severity of pain conditions in adults, combines the characteristics of pain intensity and pain‐related disability. However, in children and adolescents, the CPG has only been validated in a school sample, but not in the actual target population, i.e., clinical populations with pain.MethodsIn the present study, we applied the CPG to a tertiary sample of adolescents with chronic pain (n = 1242). Construct validity, sensitivity to change and prognostic utility were examined.ResultsResults indicate that most adolescents were equally classified into the three higher severity grades. Higher CPG classification was associated with more pain locations, higher pain frequency, longer pain duration, extensive use of health care and more depressive symptoms. Adolescents with a high CPG received recommendations for inpatient treatment more often; however, the prognostic utility for therapy recommendation – as operationalized in this study – was low. Sensitivity to change was assessed via reassessment at follow‐up for a subsample of 490 adolescents. The majority of adolescents improved to a less severe CPG; changes were more common in the high severity range.ConclusionThe CPG may be applied to adolescent tertiary care samples and to assess outcomes in clinical trials. However, in this study it was not appropriate to assign adolescent patients to different treatment options. Future work should focus on developing a comprehensive assessment tool for assigning patients to different treatments.
A dataset on 145 chemicals tested in alternative assays for skin sensitization undergoing prevalidation
Authors: Natsch Andreas , Ryan Cindy A. , Foertsch Leslie , Emter Roger , Jaworska Joanna , Gerberick Frank , Kern Petra 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTSkin sensitization is a key endpoint for cosmetic ingredients, with a forthcoming ban for animal testing in Europe. Four alternative tests have so far been submitted to ECVAM prevalidation: (i) MUSST and (ii) h‐Clat assess surface markers on dendritic cell lines, (iii) the direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA) measures reactivity with model peptides and (iv) the KeratinoSensTM assay which is based on detection of Nrf2‐induced luciferase. It is anticipated that only an integrated testing strategy (ITS) based on a battery of tests might give a full replacement providing also a sensitization potency assessment, but this concept should be tested with a data‐driven analysis. Here we report a database on 145 chemicals reporting the quantitative endpoints measured in a U937‐ test, the DPRA and KeratinoSensTM . It can serve to develop data‐driven ITS approaches as we show in a parallel paper and provides a view as to the current ability to predict with in vitro tests as we are entering 2013. It may also serve as reference database when benchmarking new molecules with in vitro based read‐across and find use as a reference database when evaluating new tests. The tests and combinations thereof were evaluated for predictivity, and overall a similar predictivity was found as before on three‐fold smaller datasets. Analysis of the dose–response parameters of the individual tests indicates a correlation to sensitization potency. Detailed analysis of chemicals false‐negative and false‐positive in two tests helped to define limitations in the tests but also in the database derived from animal studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Removal of iron, chromium and lead from waste water by horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands
Authors: Gikas Petros , Ranieri Ezio , Tchobanoglous George 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundTwo pilot scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (HSFCWs), with a planted area of 15 m2 each, were constructed in Puglia, Italy, and planted with hydrophytes (Phragmites australis and Typha latifolia), while a similar field of equal size was used as a control. The primary aim of the present work was to assess the removal of three heavy metals from waste water, in relation to the evapotranspiration, using HSFCWs.ResultsResidence time distributions in both planted HSFCWs indicated that the Typha field had porosity of 0.16 and exhibited more ideal plug flow behavior (Pe = 29.7), compared with the Phragmites field (Pe = 26.7), which had similar porosity. The measured hydraulic residence times in the planted fields were 35.8 and 36.7 h, for Typha and Phragmites, respectively, at waste water flow rates of 1 m3 d−1 (corresponding to hydraulic loading rate of 66.7 mm d−1). Heavy metals concentrations at the inlet were 2 mg/L, for each heavy metal, while at the outlet of the fields were Cr = 0.23 mg L−1, Pb = 0.21 mg L−1 and Fe = 0.18 mg L−1 in the Phragmites field, and the removal rates were 87, 88 and 92% of Cr, Pb and Fe, respectively. The Typha field showed a similar behavior with concentrations equal to Cr = 0.19 mg L−1, Pb = 0.23 mg L−1 and Fe = 0.16 mg L−1 and removal percentages of 90, 87, and 95% of Cr, Pb and Fe, respectively. The control field showed metal removals slightly lower (86, 78 and 88% for Cr, Pb and Fe, respectively).ConclusionsHSFCWs are appropriate for removing heavy metals from waste water. Evapotranspiration may significantly reduce the amount of discharged flow and may influence the removal rate of heavy metals. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Forbidden Subgraphs of the Odd‐Distance Graph
Authors: Rosenfeld Moshe , Tiến Nam Lê 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn [2], on page 252 the following logical terminal inexactitude was made: “...the existence of a K4 is the only obstruction. That is, every finite K4‐free graph can be represented by odd‐distances in the plane.” In this note we correct this erroneous claim by showing that W5, the 5‐wheel, see Figure 1, is not a subgraph of .
Homology of lungs and gas bladders: Insights from arterial vasculature
Authors: Longo Sarah , Riccio Mark , McCune Amy R 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCover illustration. Gas bladders of ray‐finned fishes have long been regarded an evolutionary modification of lungs. Critical evidence for this hypothesized homology is whether pulmonary arteries supply the gas bladder as well as the lungs. In this issue of the Journal of Morphology, Longo et al. present a study (pp. 687–703) of the pattern of major arteries supplying lungs and gas bladders in ray finned‐fish and lungfish. The cover image shows the 3D‐reconstruction of the anterior arteries from a micro‐CT scan of a sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), including the heart and gills (yellow). Injection with radiopaque barium prior to scanning facilitated visualization of the arterial vasculature (yellow, orange, and light red) and led to the discovery of vestigial pulmonary arteries in sturgeon and their close relatives, paddlefish. Image created in Avizo Fire 7.1 by Mark Riccio and edited by Sarah Longo.
Scapholunate ligament injury adversely alters in vivo wrist joint mechanics: An MRI‐based modeling study
Authors: Johnson Joshua E. , Lee Phil , McIff Terence E. , Toby E. Bruce , Fischer Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe investigated the effects of scapholunate ligament injury on in vivo radiocarpal joint mechanics using image‐based surface contact modeling. Magnetic resonance images of 10 injured and contralateral normal wrists were acquired at high resolution (hand relaxed) and during functional grasp. Three‐dimensional surface models of the radioscaphoid and radiolunate articulations were constructed from the relaxed images, and image registration between the relaxed and grasp images provided kinematics. The displacement driven models were implemented in contact modeling software. Contact parameters were determined from interpenetration of interacting bodies and a linear contact rule. Peak and mean contact pressures, contact forces and contact areas were compared between the normal and injured wrists. Also measured were effective (direct) contact areas and intercentroid distances from the grasp images. Means of the model contact areas were within 10 mm2 of the direct contact areas for both articulations. With injury, all contact parameters significantly increased in the radioscaphoid articulation, while only peak contact pressure and contact force significantly increased in the radiolunate articulation. Intercentroid distances also increased significantly with injury. This study provides novel in vivo contact mechanics data from scapholunate ligament injury and confirms detrimental alterations as a result of injury. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1455–1460, 2013
Yield, chemical composition and nutritional quality responses of carrot, radish and turnip to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide
Authors: Azam Andaleeb , Khan Ikhtiar , Mahmood Abid , Hameed Abdul 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDFuture concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is very important due to its apparent economic and environmental impact in terms of climate change. However, a compressive assessment of its effect on the nutritional and chemical characteristics of food crops has yet to be established. In the present study the impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 on the yield, chemical composition and nutritional quality of three root vegetables, carrot (Daucus carota L. cv. T‐1‐111), radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Mino) and turnip (Brassica rapa L. cv. Grabe) has been investigated.RESULTSThe yield of carrot, radish and turnip increased by 69, 139 and 72%, respectively, when grown under elevated CO2 conditions. Among the proximate composition, protein, vitamin C and fat contents decreased significantly for all the vegetables while sugar and fibre contents were increased. Response of the vegetables to elevated CO2, in terms of elemental composition, was different with a significant decrease in many important minerals. Elevated CO2 decreased the amount of majority of the fatty acids and amino acids in these vegetables.CONCLUSIONSIt was observed that elevated CO2 increased the yield of root vegetables but many important nutritional parameters including protein, vitamin C, minerals, essential fatty acids and amino acids were decreased. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Parotid gland lymphoma: Prognostic analysis of 2140 patients
Authors: Feinstein Aaron J. , Ciarleglio Maria M. , Cong Xiangyu , Otremba Michael D. , Judson Benjamin L. 
Published: April 2013

Objectives/HypothesisAssess the demographic, clinical, and pathologic features of patients with parotid gland lymphoma and their prognostic importance using US population‐based data.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.MethodsPatients were selected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program database between the years of 1973 and 2008, and individual characteristics were compared using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were constructed and log‐rank tests were performed.ResultsWe identified 2,140 patients with primary parotid gland lymphoma. Hodgkin lymphoma was found in 3.5% of patients. More common were non‐Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes: marginal zone B‐cell lymphoma, follicular lymphoma, and diffuse large B cell lymphoma accounted for 27.9%, 25.8%, and 23.7% of cases, respectively. Survival was decreased with patient age over 50 years, increasing stage, male gender, non‐Hodgkin histology, and status other than married. Of the patients, 72.0% received some form of surgery, and 136 patients had facial nerve sacrifice during parotidectomy.ConclusionsNon‐Hodgkin lymphoma is the predominant type of lymphoma seen in the parotid gland. Patient and histologic features determine survival, and surgery is often performed. Facial nerve sacrifice, which is contraindicated given the systemic nature of lymphoma and the role of chemotherapy and radiation in its treatment, is reported in 6.4% of patients with parotid gland lymphoma.Level of Evidence2b.
Proteomic analysis of follicular fluid from women with and without endometriosis: New therapeutic targets and biomarkers
Authors: Lo Turco Edson Guimarães , Cordeiro Fernanda Bertuccez , de Carvalho Lopes Paula Helena , Gozzo Fábio Cesar , Pilau Eduardo Jorge , Soler Thiesa Butterby , da Silva Barbara Ferreira , Del Giudice Paula Toni , Bertolla Ricardo Pimenta , Fraietta Renato , Cedenho Agnaldo Pereira 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYEndometriosis is a gynecological disease that affects women of reproductive age. The protein profiles of women with endometriosis who were able or unable to achieve pregnancy and women without endometriosis who did achieve pregnancy were compared in this study. The follicular fluid was collected from 21 patients undergoing in vitro‐fertilization treatment, according to the following groups: nine women in the control group (Group C), four women with endometriosis who achieved pregnancy (Group E.P), and eight women with endometriosis who did not achieve pregnancy (Group E.NP). Follicular fluid proteins were separated using 2D‐electrophoresis,and their spots were compared, excised, and submitted to LC–ESI‐MS/MS for proteins identification. The analysis showed 29 differentially expressed spots among the groups, and from these, 21 proteins were identified. Analysis showed some functional enrichment in the E.P group, including response to oxidative stress and apoptosis, while the E.NP group showed functions related to response to reactive oxygen species and positive regulation of apoptosis. These data suggest that endometriosis leads to differential protein expression in the follicular fluid, which can influences the outcome of pregnancy. These proteins may be potential targets for better diagnostics and new therapeutic intervention in affected women, as well as assisting in comprehending the physiopathologic mechanisms underlying endometriosis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 80: 441–450, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ethylene/1‐Hexene Copolymerization with A Novel SiO2‐Supported Inorganic and Organic Hybrid Chromium‐based Catalyst
Authors: Zhang Shiliang , Cheng Ruihua , Dong Qi , He Xuelian , Wang Quntao , Tang Yan , Yu Yongling , Xie Kan , Da Jianwen , Terano Minoru , Liu Boping 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this work, ethylene/1‐hexene copolymerization with a novel SiO2‐supported inorganic and organic hybrid chromium‐based catalyst was investigated. This catalyst was prepared using the residual surface hydroxyl groups in Phillips catalyst to support bis(triphenylsilyl) chromate (BC) in order to get the merits from two important chromium‐based catalysts namely inorganic Phillips and organic S‐2 catalysts. The influences of addition amount of 1‐hexene and BC were systematically investigated. With increasing 1‐hexene from 0 to 7 vol%, the activity of HCat‐2 catalyst showed a decreasing tendency. Its copolymer also showed the better short chain branches distribution through the temperature rising elution fractionation cross successive self‐nucleation and annealing characterization.magnified image
High power efficiency solution‐processed double‐layer blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode by controlling charge transport at the emissive layer and heterojunction
Authors: Yeoh Keat Hoe , Ng Calvin Yi Bin , Chua Chong Lim , AzrinaTalik Noor , Woon Kai Lin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe have demonstrated an effective method of enhancing the power efficiency of double–emissive solution‐processed blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diode (PHOLED) by controlling the charge transport in the heterojunction and emissive layer. The first emissive layer consists of poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and bis(4,6 difluorophenylpyridinato‐N,C2)picolinatoiridium (FIrpic) mixed with 4,4′,4″‐tris(N‐carbazolyl)‐triphenylamine (TCTA) or 1,3‐bis[(4‐tert‐ butylphenyl)‐1,3,4 oxidiazolyl] phenylene (OXD‐7). The second layer consists of an alcohol‐soluble 2,7‐bis(diphenylphosphoryl)‐9,9′‐spirobi[fluorene] (SPPO13) and FIrpic blend. The incorporation of OXD‐7 into PVK blurs the interface between the emissive layers and widens the recombination zone while blending TCTA into PVK reduces the hole‐ injection barrier from PEDOT:PSS to PVK. By adding TCTA or OXD‐7 into the first emissive layer, we have achieved a power efficiency of 10 lm/W and 11 lm/W, respectively, at 1000 cd/m2.magnified image(© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A review of rapid microwave fixation technology: Its expanding niche in morphologic studies
Authors: Login Gary R. , Dvorak Ann M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMicrowave (MW) fixation methods are important because excellent preservation of both cell structure and antigenicity can be attained several orders of magnitude faster than by routine chemical fixation methods. However, because of the limitations of commercial MW ovens, fixation results are often irreproducible. We present a standardization protocol for MW fixation in household MW ovens that emphasizes magnetron warm‐up; the use of a water load during sample irradiation, of an agar/saline/Giemsa model to evaluate uniformity of irradiation within the MW cavity, and of specimen containers with one dimension less than 1.5 cm; and fast specimen handling to prevent conductive heating artifacts after irradiation. We describe a prototypic MW device that improves the precision of sample irradiation and fixes blocks of tissue and cells in suspension in milliseconds. The solutions used to immerse the specimen during irradiation influence the specimen morphology. Aldehyde‐ or osmium‐containing solutions used simultaneously with MW irradiation resulted in the best morphologic preservation of specimens up to 1 cm3. Using MW fixation methods and a postembedding, ultrastructural immunogold‐labeling approach, we have localized granule chymase and histamine in rat mast cells and amylase in rat parotid acinar cells.
Uses and applications of Software & Systems Process Engineering Meta‐Model process models. A systematic mapping study
Authors: Ruiz‐Rube Iván , Dodero Juan Manuel , Palomo‐Duarte Manuel , Ruiz Mercedes , Gawn David 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYSoftware process engineering is a discipline, which aims to study and improve software development and maintenance processes. The explicit definition of software processes is essential. To this end, the Object Management Group consortium proposed the Software & Systems Process Engineering Meta‐Model (SPEM) that exploits the benefits of the Model Driven Architecture paradigm applied to software process models, instead of software specification models. The aim of this study is to discover evidence clusters and evidence deserts in the use and application of SPEM from a business process management point of view. To reach the proposed objective, we have undertaken a systematic mapping study of the existing scientific literature.The reviewed literature deals mainly with process modeling and, to a lesser extent, with process adaptability, verification, and validation, enactment and evaluation. Wide agreement exists in using the SPEM meta‐model to develop different types of methods and processes. Further research efforts are needed in areas related to enactment and evaluation of software processes. There is a need to evolve to a new version of the meta‐model that incorporates the improvements proposed by different authors. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonographic measurement of lower uterine segment thickness to predict uterine rupture during a trial of labor in women with previous Cesarean section: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Kok N. , Wiersma I. C. , Opmeer B. C. , de Graaf I. M. , Mol B. W. , Pajkrt E. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy of antenatal sonographic measurement of lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness in the prediction of risk of uterine rupture during a trial of labor (TOL) in women with a previous Cesarean section (CS).MethodsPubMed and EMBASE were searched to identify articles published on the subject of sonographic LUS measurement and occurrence of a uterine defect after delivery. Four independent researchers performed identification of papers and data extraction. Selected studies were scored on methodological quality, and sensitivity and specificity of measurement of LUS thickness in the prediction of a uterine defect were calculated. We performed bivariate meta‐analysis to estimate summary receiver–operating characteristics (sROC) curves.ResultsWe included 21 studies with a total of 2776 analyzed patients. The quality of included studies was good, although comparison was difficult because of heterogeneity. The estimated sROC curves showed that measurement of LUS thickness seems promising in the prediction of occurrence of uterine defects (dehiscence and rupture) in the uterine wall. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of myometrial LUS thickness for cut‐offs between 0.6 and 2.0 mm was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.60–0.87) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.82–0.97); cut‐offs between 2.1 and 4.0 mm reached a sensitivity and specificity of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.81–0.98) and 0.64 (95% CI, 0.26–0.90). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of full LUS thickness for cut‐offs between 2.0 and 3.0 mm was 0.61 (95% CI, 0.42–0.77) and 0.91 (95% CI, 0.80–0.96); cut‐offs between 3.1 and 5.1 mm reached a sensitivity and specificity of 0.96 (95% CI, 0.89–0.98) and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.30–0.87).ConclusionsThis meta‐analysis provides support for the use of antenatal LUS measurements in the prediction of a uterine defect during TOL. Clinical applicability should be assessed in prospective observational studies using a standardized method of measurement. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
IOTA simple rules for discriminating between benign and malignant adnexal masses: prospective external validation
Authors: Alcázar J. L. , Pascual M. Á. , Olartecoechea B. , Graupera B. , Aubá M. , Ajossa S. , Hereter L. , Julve R. , Gastón B. , Peddes C. , Sedda F. , Piras A. , Saba L. , Guerriero S. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the diagnostic performance of International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) ‘simple’ rules for discriminating between benign and malignant adnexal masses.MethodsA prospective study was performed between January 2011 and June 2012. Eligible patients were women diagnosed with a persistent adnexal mass who presented to the participating centers. Four trainees evaluated the adnexal mass by transvaginal ultrasound under the supervision of an expert examiner. The trainee analyzed the mass according to IOTA simple rules and provided a diagnosis of benign, malignant or inconclusive. All women included in the study underwent surgery and tumor removal in the center of recruitment. Diagnostic performance was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity and positive (LR+) and negative (LR–) likelihood ratios.ResultsA total of 340 women were included (mean patient age, 42.1 (range, 13–79) years). Of the tumors, 55 (16.2%) were malignant and 285 (83.8%) were benign. The IOTA simple rules could be applied in 270 (79.4%) cases. In these cases, sensitivity was 87.9% (95% CI, 72.4–95.2), specificity 97.5% (95% CI, 94.6–98.8), LR+ 34.7 (95% CI, 15.6–77.3) and LR– 0.12 (95% CI, 0.05–0.31).ConclusionsApplication of the IOTA simple rules yielded acceptable results in terms of specificity in the hands of non‐expert examiners. However, with non‐expert examiners there was a 12% false‐negative rate, which is relatively high. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.