bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of clinical, epidemiological and economic aspects of changes in classification criteria of selected rheumatic diseases
Authors: Owczarek Aleksander J. , Michalik Rafał , Kotyla Przemysław , J. Kucharz Eugeniusz 
Published: June 2014

W pracy przedstawiono epidemiologię i aspekty socjoekonomiczne trzech najczęstszych chorób reumatycznych: reumatoidalnego zapalenia stawów (RZS), tocznia rumieniowatego układowego (TRU) oraz twardziny układowej (TU). Częstość występowania chorób reumatycznych w populacji szacuje się na 4–5%. Współczynnik chorobowości dla RZS w Polsce wynosi 0,45% populacji dorosłej i jest zbliżony do współczynnika w Unii Europejskiej, który wynosi 0,49%. Szacuje się, że średnia częstość występowania tocznia rumieniowatego układowego wynosi 40–55/100 tys. osób. Roczna zapadalność na TU wynosi 19–35 przypadków na milion mieszkańców (w zależności od kraju, w którym przeprowadzono badania). W Polsce blisko 18% wszystkich hospitalizacji jest związanych ze schorzeniami reumatycznymi. Wprowadzenie nowych kryteriów klasyfikacyjnych dla RZS, umożliwiających klasyfikowanie wczesnych postaci choroby i szersze ich zastosowanie w praktyce klinicznej, wpłynie zapewne na zmianę oceny częstości występowania tej choroby w populacji.
O PLANO DE ESTUDO NA ARTICULAÇÃO ENTRE OS TEMPOS E ESPAÇOS DA FORMAÇÃO POR ALTERNÂNCIA
Authors: Melo Érica Ferreira , Da Silva Lourdes Helena 
Published: June 2014

Nos últimos anos, no âmbito do movimento da Educação do Campo, tem ocorrido uma ampliação dos Centros Familiares de Formação por Alternância (CEFFAs). No desenvolvimento de sua proposta pedagógica, os CEFFAs utilizam diversos instrumentos pedagógicos, visando articular os diferentes tempos e espaços que constituem o processo de formação. Dentre eles, o Plano de Estudo se destaca como instrumento central na proposta de integrar as aprendizagens do jovem no ambiente familiar e no ambiente escolar. Apesar desta centralidade, ainda são poucos os trabalhos que analisam este instrumento da Pedagogia da Alternância. Neste sentido, apesar da expansão da Alternância em nossa sociedade, ainda existem questões que precisam ser respondidas: Em que consiste o PE? Quais suas etapas? Quais processos encontram-se envolvidos na sua execução? Na busca de responder essas questões, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever as etapas do PE no cotidiano de um CEFFA, especificamente na Escola Família Agrícola Paulo Freire, analisando o seu processo de construção no cotidiano da Escola e das famílias, de maneira a identificar limites e possibilidades deste instrumento na formação dos jovens do campo.DOI: 10.5216/rir.v1i16.25478
A EDUCAÇÃO NÃO FORMAL E O MOVIMENTO ESCOTEIRO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE O GRUPO ESCOTEIRO PADRE ANCHIETA, ITUIUTABA, MG, BRASIL
Authors: Silva Júnior Astrogildo Fernandes , Borges Daniela Cristina 
Published: June 2014

Este texto tem como temática o movimento escoteiro e a educação não formal: um estudo sobre o Grupo Escoteiro Padre Anchieta, Ituiutaba, MG, Brasil. O objetivo geral consiste em compreender como o ME pode contribuir na formação de crianças e jovens. A pesquisa teve como referencial metodológico a abordagem qualitativa, por favorecer uma visão ampla do objeto estudado e o envolvimento do pesquisador com a realidade social, política, econômica e cultural. A investigação recorreu a variados instrumentos: pesquisa sobre o “Estado da Arte” da temática; pesquisa bibliográfica; história oral temática; análise de imagens e documentos. Concluiu-se, por um lado, que o ME ainda mantém características militares, cívicas, por outro lado, é uma modalidade da educação não formal que pode contribuir na formação dos jovens.DOI: 10.5216/rir.v1i16.28345
CONCEPÇÕES DE DISCENTES DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL DE FORMOSA (GO) SOBRE O ENSINO DA DISCIPLINA DE CIÊNCIAS
Authors: Bezerra Rafael Gonçalves , Nascimento Lucy Mirian Campos Tavares 
Published: June 2014

O objetivo deste estudo foi o de investigar as percepções sobre o ensino da disciplina de Ciências Naturais de setenta e cinco discentes matriculados em quatro estabelecimentos de ensino de Formosa-GO, dois municipais e dois estaduais. Os pontos investigados foram o nível de dificuldade atribuído a essa disciplina e estratégias didáticas utilizadas pelo professor para a aprendizagem dos alunos. O desenvolvimento do trabalho pautou-se nos princípios da metodologia de pesquisa quali-quantitativa. Para sondar as ideias dos discentes aplicou-se um questionário com perguntas abertas. Os dados obtidos por meio das perguntas foram analisados a partir das técnicas da estatística descritiva e da análise de conteúdo. No que tange à visão acerca da disciplina de Ciências, a maioria dos pesquisados disciplina de Ciências tem um grau de dificuldade mediano, relataram que os fatores que mais influenciam para o interesse são os conteúdos e a maneira pela qual são apresentados aos discentes, como uso de vídeos e experiência, e, por fim, afirmaram que a quantidade excessiva de textos e atividades sem maiores esclarecimentos e participação são fatores que contribuem para o desinteresse nas aulas de Ciências.DOI: 10.5216/rir.v1i16.28667
ABORDAGENS DO ENSINO E APRENDIZAGEM DE BIOLOGIA NO CONTEXTO DA EDUCAÇÃO INCLUSIVA
Authors: Vinholi Júnior Airton José , Ramires Vanessa Ramos 
Published: June 2014

O presente estudo se lança na perspectiva do ensino de biologia amparado na discussão da educação inclusiva. Delimitado pelo viés da deficiência visual, conta com orientações de ordem legal, da literatura nacional e internacional, com informações do contexto empírico, com o foco no ensino médio. Os dados foram coletados por meio da disponibilização de órgãos da política de educação, tais como: MEC, INEP, EDUDATA e UNESCO. Organiza-se iniciando por uma breve caracterização do ensino médio no Brasil e no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Na sequência, são apresentadas algumas considerações sobre a educação especial, elucidadas por práticas de inclusão nos limites do ensino de biologia. Foi utilizada a experiência do uso de modelagens didáticas tridimensionais táteis sobre célula, confeccionadas junto a uma turma de ensino médio, com a presença de um estudante cego, que revelou possibilidades para que o discente conseguisse relacionar a forma e as funções da célula na constituição do organismo, ampliando seus conhecimentos sobre o conteúdo no espaço formal de aprendizagem.DOI: 10.5216/rir.v1i16.29257
ANÁLISE DOS MÉTODOS EDUCACIONAIS NO BRASIL: DESCOBRIMENTO AO FINAL DO IMPÉRIO
Authors: Fortes Elenilson Vargas 
Published: June 2014

RESUMO: Atualmente, o Brasil possui diversos problemas na educação. Esses problemas se estendem por toda estrutura educacional Brasileira, pois há necessidade de mais investimentos neste setor. Por outro lado, a trajetória de países desenvolvidos sempre está conectada a uma educação de qualidade. Portanto, por que não fazer o mesmo no Brasil? Por que no Brasil não há políticas educacionais concretas que realmente funcionem? Este trabalho busca responder estes questionamentos através de uma revisão bibliográfica de autores que descrevem toda trajetória educacional no Brasil, desde seu descobrimento, no período jesuítico, até o final do Império. Mostrou-se que o tratamento dado à educação no Brasil durante este período foi determinante, influenciando os rumos da educação brasileira na atualidade. Palavras-chave: Educação Brasileira. Ensino. Políticas Educacionais. Métodos educacionais.
Intermolecular retro‐Cope Type Hydroxylamination of Alkynes with NH
2
OH: (
E
‐1‐(1‐Hydroxycyclohexyl)ethanone oxime)
Authors: Loiseau Francis , Beauchemin André M. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
1‐Ethynylcyclohexanol
2‐Methyl‐1‐propanol
Hydroxylamine

E

‐1‐(1‐Hydroxycyclohexyl)ethanone oxime
Enantioselective Alkylation of

N

‐(Diphenylmethylene)glycinate
tert
‐Butyl Ester: Synthesis of (

R

)‐2‐(Benzhydrylidenamino)‐3‐Phenylpropanoic Acid
tert
‐Butyl Ester
Authors: Shirakawa Seiji , Yamamoto Kenichiro , Liu Kun , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

N

‐(Diphenylmethylene)glycine
tert
‐butyl ester

Benzyl bromide
Toluene
Potassium hydroxide

(

S

)‐4,4‐Dibutyl‐2,6‐bis(3,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐3
H
‐dinaphtho[2,1‐c:1',2'‐e]azepinium bromide

(

R

)‐2‐(Benzhydrylidenamino)‐3‐phenylpropanoic acid
tert
‐butyl ester
Preparation of 3‐Oxocyclohex‐1‐ene‐1‐carbonitrile
Authors: Lujan‐Montelongo Jesus Armando , Fleming Fraser F. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Cyclohex‐2‐enone
Pyridine
Hydrogen bromide
Bromine
Methylene chloride
2‐Bromo‐2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one
Sodium cyanide
Acetic acid
Methanol
3‐Oxocyclohex‐1‐ene‐1‐carbonitrile
Preparation of
DABSO
from Karl‐Fischer reagent
Authors: Martial Ludovic , Bischoff* Laurent 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Tetrahydrofuran
1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane
Karl‐Fischer reagent
1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane bis (sulfur dioxide) adduct
Preparation of 1‐Benzyl‐2‐methyl‐3‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐4‐(2‐phenylethyl)‐1

H

‐pyrrole from 4‐Phenyl‐1,2‐butadiene
Authors: Ni Shengjun , Zhu Can , Chen Jie , Ma* Shengming 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Magnesium
Benzylmagnesium bromide
1,2‐Dibromoethane
Benzyl bromide
Dirhodium tetraacetate
Dichloromethane
Acetonitrile
Ethyl α‐diazoacetoacetate
Benzylamine
1‐Acetyl‐2‐phenethylidenecyclopropanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester
4‐Phenyl‐1,2‐butadiene

1‐Benzyl‐2‐methyl‐3‐(ethoxycarbonyl)‐4‐(2‐phenylethyl)‐1

H

‐pyrrole
High cloud increase in a perturbed SST experiment with a global nonhydrostatic model including explicit convective processes
Authors: Tsushima Yoko , Iga Shin‐ichi , Tomita Hirofumi , Satoh Masaki , Noda Akira T. , Webb Mark J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractResults are presented from a series of sensitivity tests in idealized global warming experiments using the global nonhydrostatic model, NICAM, in which convection at scales of 7–14 km is explicitly resolved. All have a strong positive longwave cloud feedback larger than that seen in conventional GCMs with parameterized convection. Consequently, the global mean net outgoing radiation decreases in response to increased sea surface temperatures. Large increases in high clouds with tops between 180 and 50 hPa are found, and these changes contribute the most to this longwave cloud feedback. Relative humidity and upper tropospheric temperature also increases strongly, again more so than typically seen in conventional GCMs. The magnitude of the response varies considerably between different versions of NICAM. Most of the NICAM control simulations show large overestimates in cloud fraction between 180 and 50 hPa compared to observations. The changes in cloud fraction in the upper troposphere are strongly correlated with their control values. Versions of NICAM with stronger cloud feedbacks have large positive biases in high‐top cloud amount and temperature in the free troposphere in their control simulations. The version which has the best agreement with the observations in this regard has the weakest longwave cloud feedback; however, this is still more strongly positive than that typically seen in conventional GCMs. These results demonstrate the potential for stronger high cloud fraction feedbacks in climate warming scenarios than currently predicted by conventional GCMs and highlight the potential relevance of deep convective processes.
Robust coupled fluid‐particle simulation scheme in Stokes‐flow regime: Toward the geodynamic simulation including granular media
Authors: Furuichi Mikito , Nishiura Daisuke 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe present a simulation scheme for solving high‐viscosity fluid and particle dynamics in a coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD‐DEM) framework. This simulation scheme is intended to be used for geodynamical magmatic studies such as crystal settling at the melting roof of a magma chamber. The high‐viscosity fluid is treated by the Stokes‐flow approximation, where the fluid interacts with particles via the drag force in a cell‐averaged manner. The particles are tracked with contact forces by DEM. To efficiently solve such Stokes‐DEM coupled equations, we propose two key techniques. One is formulation of particle motion without the inertial term, allowing a larger time step at higher viscosities. The other is a semi‐implicit treatment of the cell‐averaged particle velocity in the fluid equation to stabilize the calculation. We simulate the settling particles in strongly viscous fluids in three dimensions and compare the results with the experimental and theoretical results. Our solution strategy is found to be robust and successfully captures the collective behavior of the particles. The simulation method presented here will be useful in various fields interested in long‐term dynamics of high‐viscosity granular media.
Derivation of paleolongitude from the geometric parametrization of apparent polar wander path: Implication for absolute plate motion reconstruction
Authors: Wu Lei , Kravchinsky Vadim A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObtaining ancient longitude position of continents in the past has always been a challenge for plate tectonic reconstructions. Paleomagnetism has been commonly used to reconstruct paleolatitudes and relative rotations but not paleolongitudes. In this work, we present a synthesized method to derive paleolongitude by geometrically parametrizing apparent polar wander path (APWP). Great and small circle modeling are implemented concurrently to the identified APWP tracks to calculate the paleomagnetic Euler parameters (stage rotation pole and rotation angle). From the Euler parameters of the optimal fitting option, the absolute motion history can be restored for the reference geometries. Using our method as well as the results from relative plate motion studies, we reevaluate the dispersion history of East Gondwana since 140 Ma. To further test the validity of our method, we compare the predictions from four other absolute motion models mainly in paleolatitude movement, longitudinal variation, and great circle distance, which suggest the most similarity with the global hybrid reference frame.
Cross calibration of NOAA GOES solar proton detectors using corrected NASA IMP‐8/GME data
Authors: Sandberg I. , Jiggens P. , Heynderickx D. , Daglis I. A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSolar proton flux measurements onboard Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) are of great importance as they cover several solar cycles, increasingly contributing to the development of long‐term solar proton models and to operational purposes such as now‐casting and forecasting of space weather. A novel approach for the cross calibration of GOES solar proton detectors is developed using as reference energetic solar proton flux measurements of NASA IMP‐8 Goddard Medium Energy Experiment (GME). The spurious behavior in a part of IMP‐8/GME measurements is reduced through the derivation of a nonlinear intercalibration function. The effective energy values of GOES solar proton detectors lead to a significant reduction of the uncertainties in spectra and may be used to refine existing scientific results, available models, and data products based on measurements over the last three decades. The methods presented herein are generic and may be used for calibration processes of other data sets as well.
Stick‐slip motion of an Antarctic Ice Stream: The effects of viscoelasticity
Authors: Goldberg D. N. , Schoof C. , Sergienko O. V. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractStick‐slip behavior is a distinguishing characteristic of the flow of Whillans Ice Stream (Siple Coast, Antarctica). Distinct from stick slip on Northern Hemisphere glaciers, which is generally attributed to supraglacial melt, the behavior is thought be controlled by basal processes and by tidally induced stress. However, the connection between stick‐slip behavior and flow of the ice stream on long time scales, if any, is not clear. To address this question we develop a new ice flow model capable of reproducing stick‐slip cycles similar to ones observed on the Whillans Ice Plain. The model treats ice as a viscoelastic material and emulates the weakening and healing that are suggested to take place at the ice‐till interface. The model results suggest the long‐term ice stream flow that controls ice discharge to surrounding oceans is somewhat insensitive to certain aspects of stick‐slip behavior, such as velocity magnitude during the slip phase and factors that regulate it (e.g., elastic modulus). Furthermore, it is found that factors controlling purely viscous flow, such as temperature, influence stick‐slip contribution to long‐term flow in much the same way. Additionally, we show that viscous ice deformation, traditionally disregarded in analysis of stick‐slip behavior, has a strong effect on the timing of slip events and therefore should not be ignored in efforts to deduce bed properties from stick‐slip observations.
Early netrin‐1 expression impairs central nervous system remyelination
Authors: Tepavčević Vanja , Kerninon Christophe , Aigrot Marie Stéphane , Meppiel Elodie , Mozafari Sabah , Arnould‐Laurent Raphaelle , Ravassard Philippe , Kennedy Timothy E. , Nait‐Oumesmar Brahim , Lubetzki Catherine 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveChronically demyelinated multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions are frequently characterized by scarce undifferentiated oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), suggesting the exhaustion of a local OPC pool followed by failure of recruitment and differentiation. Stimulating prompt OPC recruitment following demyelination could improve myelin repair by providing sufficient numbers of remyelinating cells during the repair‐permissive period. Understanding mechanisms that determine this process may have important therapeutic implications. We therefore investigated the role of the guidance molecule netrin‐1 in OPC recruitment and central nervous system (CNS) remyelination.MethodsNetrin‐1 expression was analyzed immunohistochemically in different types of MS lesions and in the murine lysolecithin model of demyelination. The influence of netrin‐1 on CNS remyelination was examined using gain and loss of function experiments.ResultsWe show that in MS lesions, astrocytes upregulate netrin‐1 expression early during demyelination and netrin‐1 receptors are expressed by OPCs. In contrast, in the efficiently repairing lysolecithin model of demyelination (astrocyte‐free), netrin‐1 expression is absent during early phases and detected concomitant with completion of OPC recruitment. In vitro migration assays demonstrated that netrin‐1 is a chemorepellent for migrating adult OPCs. In mouse lesions, antibody‐mediated disruption of netrin‐1 function at the peak phase of recruitment increased OPC numbers. Conversely, lentiviral‐mediated induction of netrin‐1 expression prior to OPC recruitment reduced the number of cells recruited and impaired remyelination.InterpretationOur findings support the conclusion that netrin‐1 expression within demyelinating MS plaques blocks OPC recruitment, which with repeated demyelinating episodes contributes to permanent remyelination failure. Ann Neurol 2014;76:252–268
Brønsted Acid Catalyzed, Conjugate Addition of β‐Dicarbonyls to In Situ Generated ortho‐Quinone Methides—Enantioselective Synthesis of 4‐Aryl‐4H‐Chromenes
Authors: El‐Sepelgy Osama , Haseloff Stefan , Alamsetti Santosh Kumar , Schneider Christoph 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe describe herein a catalytic, enantioselective process for the synthesis of 4H‐chromenes which are important structural elements of many natural products and biologically active compounds. A sequence comprising a conjugate addition of β‐diketones to in situ generated ortho‐quinone methides followed by a cyclodehydration reaction furnished 4‐aryl‐4H‐chromenes in generally excellent yields and high optical purity. A BINOL‐based chiral phosphoric acid was employed as a Brønsted acid catalyst which converted ortho‐hydroxy benzhydryl alcohols into hydrogen‐bonded ortho‐quinone methides and effected the carbon–carbon bond‐forming event with high enantioselectivity.
Metal‐Free Annulation of Arenes with 2‐Aminopyridine Derivatives: The Methyl Group as a Traceless Non‐Chelating Directing Group
Authors: Manna Srimanta , Matcha Kiran , Antonchick Andrey P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA novel annulation reaction between 2‐aminopyridine derivatives and arenes under metal‐free conditions is described. The presented intermolecular transformation provided straightforward access to the important pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazole scaffold under mild reaction conditions. The unprecedented application of the methyl group of methylbenzenes as a traceless, non‐chelating, and highly regioselective directing group is reported.
Synergistic interactions of chemical additives on the strength development of silicate cement by a box‐behnken model optimization
Authors: Zheng Jiaoling , Shao Gaofeng , Shen Xiaodong 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe effect of water‐soluble polymers (polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylamide (PAM)) and chemical additives (silicone defoamer (SD), polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PC)), on the development of the strength of mortar was investigated using the Box‐Behnken design (BBD). Quadratic equations were obtained for the correlation between dosages of chemicals and the strength of the mortar, and the order of the effectiveness of the chemicals was validated in Pareto charts with contour plots to illustrate the chemicals and their interactions on the strength enhancement of mortar. The results showed that the interaction effects of SD and PAM enhanced the strength of cement mortar for all curing times, and the rates of contribution were 16.5%, 20.1%, and 19.4%, respectively. On the basis of the performance analysis of the four additives, optimized formulations were highlighted via overlapped contour plots. Heat of hydration and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were introduced to confirm the interaction between SD and PAM. The improvement of compressive strength attributes to the synergistic interactions between SD and PAM, including the physical interaction resulted from the doping of SD, which promoting the damage of air bubble, decreasing the porosity and increasing the compressive strength, and the chemical interaction resulted from the doping of PAM, which producing ionic compounds and forming dense structure. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 41071.