bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of ground‐motion simulations for historical events using MDoF systems
Authors: Galasso Carmine , Zhong Peng , Zareian Farzin , Iervolino Iunio , Graves Robert W. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe study presented in this paper addresses the issue of engineering validation of Graves and Pitarka's (2010) hybrid broadband ground motion simulation methodology with respect to some well‐recorded historical events and considering the response of multiple degrees of freedom (MDoF) systems. Herein, validation encompasses detailed assessment of how similar is, for a given event, the seismic response due to comparable hybrid broadband simulated records and real records. In the first part of this study, in order to investigate the dynamic response of a wide range of buildings, MDoF structures are modeled as elastic continuum systems consisting of a combination of a flexural cantilever beam coupled with a shear cantilever beam. A number of such continuum systems are selected including the following: (1) 16 oscillation periods between 0.1 and 6 s; (2) three shear to flexural deformation ratios to represent respectively shear‐wall structures, dual systems, and moment‐resisting frames; and (3) two stiffness distributions along the height of the systems, that is, uniform and linear. Demand spectra in terms of generalized maximum interstory drift ratio (IDR) and peak floor acceleration (PFA) are derived using simulations and actual recordings for four historical earthquakes, namely, the 1979 Mw 6.5 Imperial Valley earthquake, 1989 Mw 6.8 Loma Prieta earthquake, 1992 Mw 7.2 Landers earthquake, and 1994 Mw 6.7 Northridge earthquake. In the second part, for two nonlinear case study structures, the IDR and PFA distributions over the height and their statistics, are obtained and compared for both recorded and simulated time histories. These structures are steel moment frames designed for high seismic hazard, 20‐story high‐rise and 6‐story low‐rise buildings. The results from this study highlight the similarities and differences between simulated and real records in terms of median and intra‐event standard deviation of logs of seismic demands for MDoF building systems. This general agreement, in a broad range of moderate and long periods, may provide confidence in the use of the simulation methodology for engineering applications, whereas the discrepancies, statistically significant only at short periods, may help in addressing improvements in generation of synthetic records. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon isotopes in the rivers from the Lesser Antilles: origin of the carbonic acid consumed by weathering reactions in the Lesser Antilles
Authors: Rivé Karine , Gaillardet Jerome , Agrinier Pierre , Rad Setareh 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we use carbon isotopes in the dissolved load of rivers from the Lesser Antilles volcanic arc (Guadeloupe, Martinique and Dominica islands) to constrain the source of the carbon dioxide (CO2) involved in the neutralization reactions during water–rock interactions. The δ13C data span a large range of variations, from –19‰ to –5 · 2‰ for DIC (dissolved inorganic carbon) concentrations ranging from 11 μM to 2000 μM. Coupled with major element concentrations, carbon isotopic ratios are interpreted as reflecting a mixture of magmatic CO2 (enriched in heavy carbon (δ13C ≈ –3 · 5‰) and biogenic CO2 produced in soils (enriched in light carbon (δ13C < –17‰)). Carbon isotopes show that, at the regional scale, 23 to 40% of CO2 consumed by weathering reactions is of magmatic origin and is transferred to the river system through aquifers under various thermal regimes. These numbers remain first‐order estimates as the major uncertainty in using carbon isotopes as a source tracer is that carbon isotopes can be fractionated by a number of processes, including soil and river degassing. Chemical weathering is clearly, at least, partly controlled by the input of magmatic CO2, either under hydrothermal (hot) or surficial (cold) weathering regimes.This study shows that the contribution of magmatic CO2 to chemical weathering is an additional parameter that could explain the high weathering rates of volcanic rocks. The study also shows that a significant part of the carbon degassed from the Earth's interior is not released as CO2 to the atmosphere, but as DIC to the ocean because it interacts with the groundwater system. This study calls for a better understanding of the contributions of deep carbon to the hydrosphere and its influence on the development of the Critical Zone. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanism and ephemerism as reasons for a hidden abundance in vernal pool plants: The example of Lepuropetalon spathulatum in Chile
Authors: Alvarez Miguel , San Martín José , Deil Ulrich 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMinute size (nanism) and short live cycle (ephemerism) are characteristic features of many plants living in seasonal wetlands in Mediterranean biomes. Lepuropetalon (Celastraceae) is a monotypic genus with an antitropical distribution (disjunct in temperate regions of both Americas). L. spathulatum is the smallest vascular plant of Chile, not recorded in herbaria for decades. Its distribution, ecology and phytosociology were studied based on herbarium vouchers and field observations. L. spathulatum occurs in the fringes of vernal pools, on oligotrophic sandy soils and in grazed Acacia caven pseudo‐savannas. Its distribution is linked to the Mediterranean and Submediterranean bioclimates. Associated species are other dwarfish annuals, many of them originating from the Western Palearctic subkingdom and characteristic for the class Isoëto‐Nanojuncetea. Other floristic elements are Chilean endemics and species with a disjunction to California (character species of the Nanojuncetea australis). L. spathulatum is not a rare plant in Chile, but is often overlooked because of its dwarfish and ephemeral habit. Although most populations occurred in secondary habitats and the species can tolerate disturbance, intensification of agriculture, forest plantations and modification of the hydrological conditions may threaten the species in the long term. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A scanning electron microscope study of the stem structure in the West African Cane Palms (Calamoideae)
Authors: Jayeola Adeniyi A. , Thorpe Julian R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe canes of thirteen rattan taxa comprising two Calamus, three Eremospatha, five Laccosperma and three Oncocalamus were studied anatomically by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Six out of the taxa tagged L. secundiflorum a, b, c; Oncocalamus sp. d, Oncocalmus sp. e and Calamus sp. f were unresolved herbarium voucher specimens many decades old.SEM photomicrographs revealed cell‐tissue specific differences in anticlinal cell wall of the epidermis, fibrous sheaths, sheath parenchyma and phloem strands, leaf traces, and vessel diam‐ eter. Metaxylem vessel diameters varied between 20–212 µm in the outer peripheral zone and 90–310 µm in the central cylinder, except in L. secundiflorium c where the trend is reversed. Regression analysis of the metaxylem diameter values along radial distance shows large interspecific differences from central to outer cylinder. The weak R2 values (P ≤ 0.5) in nine of the thirteen species suggests that other unmeasured variables contribute to the observed trend. The structure of the unresolved voucher specimens appear to follow the same general trend in the identified specimens suggestive of phenotypic divergence between po‐ pulations brought about by developmental plasti‐ city. The leaf trace observed in Oncocalamus sp. e is unique and deserved to be examined more closely. A simple arithmetical expression indicat‐ ing structural synergy between protoxylem and metaxylem for possible volume ratio balance is included. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantitative and sensory evaluation of malodour retention of fibre types by use of artificial skin, sweat and radiolabelled isovaleric acid
Authors: Hammer Timo R. , Berner‐Dannenmann Nadja , Hoefer Dirk 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThe retention of malodours, especially sweat on fabrics, is a widely discussed problem in the textile industry and science. Since a quantitative analysis of the retention of sweat odour molecules on fibres has not been addressed so far, we used liquid scintillation counting to measure the adhesion/dehesion of 14C‐labelled isovaleric acid, a lead substance of sweat odour, to knitted fabrics of comparable textile structure made of pure cotton, wool or polyester. Significant retention differences were detected, with polyester showing the highest release of isovaleric acid after 3 h and 20 h. Fabric finishes with β‐cyclodextrin enhanced odour retention on cotton and polyester considerably. To study local influences of the clothing materials on odour release, we simulated in diffusion chamber cells a fabric/human skin wear situation using an artificial skin with skin‐like composition, topology and mechanical characteristics. Unidirectional transepidermal water vapour release of the skin model modulated the odour retention. Finally, all samples were subjected to a sensory evaluation test with trained panellists using olfactometry and a non‐labelled artificial sweat containing isovaleric acid as lead substance. Again, polyester showed little retention capacities, whereas the cyclodextrin finish enhanced binding of the artificial sweat and thus reduced its perception. The phase II approach revealed that perceived malodour intensity clearly depended on the finish and fibre type. The presented data and methods provide a basis for future optimization of clothes in terms of sweat odour management in their respective end uses, e.g. sport or business activities. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure‐based redesign of proteins for minimal T‐cell epitope content
Authors: Choi Yoonjoo , Griswold Karl E. , Bailey‐Kellogg Chris 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe protein universe displays a wealth of therapeutically relevant activities, but T‐cell driven immune responses to non‐“self” biological agents present a major impediment to harnessing the full diversity of these molecular functions. Mutagenic T‐cell epitope deletion seeks to mitigate the immune response, but can typically address only a small number of epitopes. Here, we pursue a “bottom‐up” approach that redesigns an entire protein to remain native‐like but contain few if any immunogenic epitopes. We do so by extending the Rosetta flexible‐backbone protein design software with an epitope scoring mechanism and appropriate constraints. The method is benchmarked with a diverse panel of proteins and applied to three targets of therapeutic interest. We show that the deimmunized designs indeed have minimal predicted epitope content and are native‐like in terms of various quality measures, and moreover that they display levels of native sequence recovery comparable to those of non‐deimmunized designs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cephalothoracopagus janiceps asymmetros twins: Antenatal sonographic diagnosis
Authors: Sharma Dinesh , Jhobta Anupam , Azad J. R. , Dhiman D. S. , Pandith Mansa , Sharma Sanjiv 
Published: January 2013

AbstractConjoined twins have been the subject of myth and legend since antiquity because of the rarity and peculiarity of their juxtaposition. Fortunately, modern medical technology and concurrent advancements in surgical techniques provide an opportunity for successful separation and hope of a normal independent existence for these unique children. Antenatal sonography allows timely detection of this condition so that further management may be planned. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2013
Fast gas chromatography combined with a high‐speed triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for the analysis of unknown and target citrus essential oil volatiles
Authors: Tranchida Peter Quinto , Zoccali Mariosimone , Franchina Flavio Antonio , Bonaccorsi Ivana , Dugo Paola , Mondello Luigi 
Published: January 2013

The present research description is focused on the evaluation of a high‐speed triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, carried out under moderately fast gas chromatography conditions (analysis time: 17 min). The mass spectrometric system is capable of operation under high‐speed GC conditions, in both full‐scan (maximum scan speed: 20 000 amu/s) and multiple reaction monitoring modalities. Furthermore, the triple quadrupole system can generate full scan and multiple reaction monitoring data simultaneously, also in a very rapid manner.A fast method was developed for the: (i) qualitative analysis of untargeted Citrus essential oil compounds, and (ii) the quali/quantitative analysis of targeted ones, namely three preservatives (o‐phenylphenol, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxy‐anisole). The mass spectrometric system generated a more‐than‐sufficient number of data points/peak for both identification and quantification purposes. The level of sensitivity, reached through the multiple‐reaction‐monitoring side of the analysis, widely exceeded the requirements of current legislation. Method validation, related to the targeted analysis, was performed considering precision of retention times, peak areas and ion ratios; limits of detection/quantification, and accuracy were also measured.
Segmenting Chinese Backpackers by Travel Motivations
Authors: Chen Ganghua , Bao Jigang , Huang Songshan (Sam) 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThis study examined travel motivations of Chinese backpackers and classified Chinese backpackers according to their travel motivations and related demographics. The study identified four motivation factors driving Chinese backpacker travels: social interaction, self‐actualization, destination experience and escape and relaxation. K‐means cluster analysis further identified three distinct Chinese backpacker segments with different travel motivations: self‐actualizers, destination experiencers and social seekers. Explanations and discussions within the background of China's ongoing tremendous social and economic transformation are also provided. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cochlear implant electrode misplacement: Incidence, evaluation, and management
Authors: Ying Yu‐Lan Mary , Lin Jerry W. , Oghalai John S. , Williamson Robert A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To review the presentation and management of improper electrode array placement, and to help guide clinical decision‐making.Study Design:Retrospective case series.Methods:Pediatric and adult cochlear implant patients managed from January 2001 to present whose electrode arrays were not placed properly within the cochlea or extended beyond the cochlea into the internal auditory canal or adjacent structures.Results:Four patients, three pediatric and one adult, were identified from over 824 cases (< 1%) managed over the study duration. All cases had normal cochlear anatomy. These cases were initially identified due to poor auditory skill development or absent behavioral responses following implantation, which prompted imaging. Two patients presented several years after surgery. Sites of improper placement included the eustachian tube, vestibule, internal carotid artery canal, and internal auditory canal (IAC). Intraoperative findings and management are reviewed.Conclusions:Electrode array malpositioning is a rare, but serious and correctable complication in cochlear implant surgery. A multidisciplinary approach, including prompt audiologic evaluation and imaging, is important, particularly when benefit from the implant is limited or absent. Management of electrode arrays in the IAC may be more challenging. Laryngoscope, 2013
Optical imaging with a high‐resolution microendoscope to identify cholesteatoma of the middle ear
Authors: Levy Lauren L. , Jiang Nancy , Smouha Eric , Richards‐Kortum Rebecca , Sikora Andrew G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:High‐resolution optical imaging is an imaging modality that allows visualization of structural changes in epithelial tissue in real time. Our prior studies using contrast‐enhanced microendoscopy to image squamous cell carcinoma in the head and neck demonstrated that the contrast agent, proflavine, has high affinity for keratinized tissue. Thus, high‐resolution microendoscopy with proflavine provides a potential mechanism to identify ectopic keratin production, such as that associated with cholesteatoma formation, and distinguish between uninvolved mucosa and residual keratin at the time of surgery.Study Design:Ex vivo imaging of histopathologically confirmed samples of cholesteatoma and uninvolved middle ear epithelium.Methods:Seven separate specimens collected from patients who underwent surgical treatment for cholesteatoma were imaged ex vivo with the fiberoptic endoscope after surface staining with proflavine. Following imaging, the specimens were submitted for hematoxylin and eosin staining to allow histopathological correlation.Results:Cholesteatoma and surrounding middle ear epithelium have distinct imaging characteristics. Keratin‐bearing areas of cholesteatoma lack nuclei and appear as confluent hyperfluorescence, whereas nuclei are easily visualized in specimens containing normal middle ear epithelium. Hyperfluorescence and loss of cellular detail is the imaging hallmark of keratin, allowing for discrimination of cholesteatoma from normal middle ear epithelium.Conclusions:This study demonstrates the feasibility of high‐resolution optical imaging to discriminate cholesteatoma from uninvolved middle ear mucosa based on the unique staining properties of keratin. Use of real‐time imaging may facilitate more complete extirpation of cholesteatoma by identifying areas of residual disease. Laryngoscope, 2012
Furan fatty acids – valuable minor fatty acids in food
Authors: Vetter Walter , Wendlinger Christine 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFuran fatty acids (F‐acids) are heterocyclic lipid components with a furan moiety in the centre of the molecule. Reports on F‐acids in the literature are rather scarce, although they are considered as particularly valuable food ingredients. F‐acids occur as minor compounds in the lipids of different food samples. Despite the low concentrations, some studies produced evidence that the F‐acids are excellent radical scavengers and thus are able to protect polyunsaturated fatty acids from lipid peroxidation. Accordingly, they may play a currently underrated and largely overlooked positive role in human nutrition. The limited data available result from difficulties in the analysis of these trace compounds. F‐acids in food can hardly be determined without selective enrichment and the use of gas chromatography with mass spectrometry for their determination. The lack of reference standards is a further drawback that hampers the exact assessment of the actual relevance of F‐acids in human nutrition.
Traceability of the palm oil supply chain
Authors: van Duijn Gerrit 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPalm oil is mainly produced in Malaysia and Indonesia while the main users are India, China, Indonesia and the EU. For most of these users, the supply chain is long and complex, including overseas shipping. Procedures in this supply chain guarantee stepwise traceability as required by food safety regulations. Continuous traceability is usually not achievable. Also the RSPO trace and traceability systems do not improve this. Exception is the Identity Preserved system, however, the high costs and low volume of this system makes it only applicable for niche market products.
Hofmeister Effect of Sodium Halides on the Switching Energetics of Thermoresponsive Polymer Brushes
Authors: Naini Crispin Amiri , Thomas Marc , Franzka Steffen , Frost Sven , Ulbricht Mathias , Hartmann Nils 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA laser temperature‐jump technique is used to probe the impact of sodium halides on the temperature‐dependent switching kinetics and thermodynamics of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) brushes. An analysis on the basis of a two‐state model reveals van't Hoff enthalpy and entropy changes. Sodium halides increase the endothermicity and the entropic gain of the switching process below and above Tc following the Hofmeister series: NaCl > NaBr > NaI. In contrast, enthalpic and entropic changes at Tc remain virtually unaffected. This provides an unprecedented insight into the underlying switching energetics of this classic stimuli‐responsive polymer. Because of its model character, these results represent an essential reference on the way to unpuzzle the molecular driving forces of the Hofmeister effect.
Formulations for dynamic lot sizing with service levels
Authors: Gade Dinakar , Küçükyavuz Simge 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this article, we study deterministic dynamic lot‐sizing problems with a service‐level constraint on the total number of periods in which backlogs can occur over a finite planning horizon. We give a natural mixed integer programming formulation for the single item problem (LS‐SL‐I) and study the structure of its solution. We show that an optimal solution to this problem can be found in
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}\mathcal O(n^2\kappa)\end{align*} \end{document}
time, where n is the planning horizon and
\documentclass{article}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}\begin{align*}\kappa=\mathcal O(n)\end{align*} \end{document}
is the maximum number of periods in which demand can be backlogged. Using the proposed shortest path algorithms, we develop alternative tight extended formulations for LS‐SL‐I and one of its relaxations, which we refer to as uncapacitated lot sizing with setups for stocks and backlogs. {We show that this relaxation also appears as a substructure in a lot‐sizing problem which limits the total amount of a period's demand met from a later period, across all periods.} We report computational results that compare the natural and extended formulations on multi‐item service‐level constrained instances. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013
Should competing firms reveal their capacity?
Authors: Ye Qing , Duenyas Izak , Kapuscinski Roman 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIn this article, we explore when firms have an incentive to hide (or reveal) their capacity information. We consider two firms that aim to maximize profits over time and face limited capacity. One or both of the firms have private information on their own capacity levels, and they update their beliefs about their rival's capacity based on their observation of the other firm's output. We focus on credible revelation mechanisms—a firm may signal its capacity through overproduction, compared to its myopic production levels. We characterize conditions when high‐capacity firms may have the incentive and capability to signal their capacity levels by overproduction. We show that prior beliefs about capacity play a crucial, and surprisingly complex, role on whether the firm would prefer to reveal its capacity or not. A surprising result is that, despite the fact that it may be best for the high‐capacity firm to overproduce to reveal its capacity when capacity information is private, it may end up with more profits than if all capacity information were public knowledge in the first place. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013