bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conventional endovascular treatment of small intracranial aneurysms is not associated with additional risks compared with treatment of larger aneurysms
Authors: Stetler William R , Wilson Thomas J , Al-Holou Wajd N , Chaudhary Neeraj , Gemmete Joseph J , Thompson B Gregory , Pandey Aditya S 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundEndovascular treatment of small intracranial aneurysms has historically been technically challenging and has been associated with high rates of complications and intraprocedural rupture. In this study, we compared complication and recurrence rates for treatment of small aneurysms (≤4 mm) versus large aneurysms in the context of the advent of improvements in endovascular techniques and technologies.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed to include all patients who underwent coiling of an intracranial aneurysm between 2005 and 2012. Small aneurysms were defined as any aneurysm 4.0 mm or smaller in all dimensions. The primary outcome was a composite outcome of the occurrence of an intraoperative rupture or a perioperative thromboembolic event. The secondary outcome of interest was aneurysm recurrence.ResultsDuring the study period, 483 patients were treated using endovascular techniques; 85 (17.6%) of these patients had small aneurysms. In the small aneurysm group, there was only one (1.2%) intraoperative rupture, three (3.5%) perioperative thromboembolic events, and 11 (12.9%) incidents of aneurysm recurrence. Both the primary and secondary outcomes of interest were similar in patients presenting with small or large aneurysms. Small aneurysm size was not a risk factor for either the composite primary outcome or aneurysm recurrence in multivariate analysis.ConclusionsTreatment of small intracranial aneurysms via conventional endovascular coiling techniques is not inferior to endovascular treatment of larger aneurysms based on our single institution experience. While technically challenging, such aneurysms may be treated safely and effectively with acceptable rates of complications and recurrence.
Partial melting of oceanic gabbro triggered by migrating water-rich fluids: a prime example from the Oman Ophiolite
Authors: Koepke J. , Berndt J. , Horn I. , Fahle J. , Wolff P. E. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Detailed backscattered electron (BSE) and cathodoluminescence (CL) observations in an olivine gabbro from the Wadi Rajmi of the Fizh Block of the Oman Ophiolite revealed that this gabbro represents a perfect example of a partial melting reaction. The observed microtextures imply that water-rich fluids migrated on grain boundaries in a ductile regime, causing an incongruent partial melting reaction. All grain boundaries between primary plagioclases are characterized by
c.
50 µm thick haloes of Anorthite-rich (An) plagioclase, with An contents which are
c.
10 mol higher compared to the host plagioclase composition. Where these An-rich zones are in contact with the mafic primary minerals (olivine, clinopyroxene) in places, reactive rims of orthopyroxene and pargasitic amphibole around the primary mafic silicates have been formed.
In situ
analyses of
87
Sr/
86
Sr isotope ratios on primary plagioclases and on An-enriched zones along grain boundaries revealed no significant difference, implying that the water/rock ratio was very low during the fluid–rock interaction. The observed features imply a model of hydrothermal activity proceeding on grain boundaries within the deep oceanic crust at very high temperatures (900–1000 °C) without any crack system, a prerequisite in current models to enable hydrothermal circulation. Interconnected porosity is generated by coupled dissolution–reprecipitation which allows pervasive fluid transport through the minerals at the grain boundaries, establishing a novel type of hydrothermal circulation maintaining water–rock interaction at very high temperatures in the ductile regime. The presence of isolated product phases as inclusions within the parent minerals emphasizes the importance of an interconnecting fluid establishing local equilibrium between parent and product phases of the incongruent melting reaction.
Structural control on chromitite deposits in ophiolites: the Oman case
Authors: Boudier Françoise , Al-Rajhi Ali 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Chromitite genesis in ophiolites is indirectly related to spreading rate, controlling mantle fertility and depth of melt crystallization. The most favourable conditions for chromitite concentrations are found in ophiolites generated at moderate spreading rates, where the world's largest chromitite deposits reside. A huge extension of the Oman Ophiolite permits an overview of chromitite distribution in relation to ridge tectonics, yielding constraints on ophiolitic chromitite genesis. Chromite genesis requires large instantaneous melt delivery, coupled with increasing oxygen fugacity produced by hydrous fluids. Chromitites in the Oman Ophiolite reside either in the Moho Transition Zone or at depth in the mantle, along wide shear zones. Both locations are domains of large melt transfer. Thinner crust on top of mantle diapirs and large shear zones limiting propagating segments represent particular domains where seawater circulation at depth is favoured. The thermal structure of these domains may explain the preferential formation of Al-rich versus Cr-rich chromites. A frozen equilibrium with parent mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) in the Al-rich chromites could result from rapid cooling of chromitites formed close to the ridge axis. Alternatively, equilibrium with primitive melt and a variable oxidation state is explained here by fluid circulation along the shear zones, active during transition from spreading to detachment.
Nanoparticles of star-like copolymer mannitol-functionalized poly(lactide)-vitamin E TPGS for delivery of paclitaxel to prostate cancer cells
Authors: Wang Kebing , Guo Longhua , Xiong Wei , Sun Leilei , Zheng Yi 
Published: March 2014

The purpose of this research was to develop novel nanoparticles (NPs) of star-like copolymer mannitol-functionalized poly(lactide)-vitamin E TPGS (M-PLA-TPGS) for paclitaxel delivery for prostate cancer treatment, and evaluate their therapeutic effects in prostate cancer cell line and animal model in comparison with the linear PLGA NPs and poly(lactide)-vitamin E TPGS (PLA-TPGS) NPs. The paclitaxel-loaded M-PLA-TPGS NPs, prepared by a modified nano-precipitation method, were observed by FESEM to be near-spherical shape with narrow size distribution. The drug-loaded NPs were further characterized in terms of size, surface charge, drug content, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release. The results showed that the M-PLA-TPGS NPs were found to be stable, showing almost no change in particle size and surface charge during the three-month storage period. In vitro drug release exhibited biphasic pattern with initial burst release followed by slow and continuous release. The cellular uptake level of M-PLA-TPGS NPs was demonstrated higher than linear PLGA NPs and PLA-TPGS NPs in PC-3 cells. The data also showed that the paclitaxel-loaded M-PLA-TPGS nanoparticles have higher antitumor efficacy than that of linear PLA-TPGS nanoparticles and PLGA nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. In summary, the star-like copolymer M-PLA-TPGS could be used as a potential and promising molecular biomaterial in developing novel nanoformulation for prostate cancer treatment.
Adverse Histopathology and Imaging Findings in Reduction Mammaplasty Day-surgery Patients
Authors: Merkkola-von Schantz P. , Jahkola T. , Carpelan A. , Krogerus L. , Hukkinen K. , Kauhanen S. 
Published: March 2014

Background and Aims: Reduction mammaplasty is a popular procedure in plastic surgery. Occasionally, occult invasive breast carcinoma or findings demonstrating increased risk of breast cancer occur in reduction mammaplasty specimens. The incidences have been studied elsewhere, but in Finland, the data on this subject are lacking. Our aim was to analyze the incidence of occult invasive and in situ carcinoma and benign breast disease causing increased risk of breast cancer in reduction mammaplasty specimens. We also analyzed preoperative mammograms and ultrasound images and compared findings with reduction mammaplasty specimens. Material and Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 100 women who underwent reduction mammaplasty during 1 January 2007 to 30 April 2009 in Jorvi Hospital day-surgery unit. Demographic data, findings in preoperative imaging, pathology reports, postoperative follow-up, and retrospective reanalysis of preoperative imaging were recorded. Results: Histological abnormality occurred in 14.6% of the patients. In situ carcinoma was diagnosed in 4.5% of the patients, and findings demonstrating increased risk of breast cancer were diagnosed in 13.5% of the patients. More than one lesion demonstrating increased risk of breast cancer was diagnosed in 4.5% of the patients. No invasive carcinoma occurred. Preoperative mammogram was performed for the majority (94.0%) of the patients. Conclusions: We detected a considerable amount of findings in reduction mammaplasty specimens with prognostic value with regard to future breast cancer risk. We recommend histological analysis for reduction mammaplasty specimens and focus attention on systematically performed preoperative imaging.
Clinical outcomes in hybrid repair procedures for pathologies involving the aortic arch
Authors: Zerwes Sebastian , Leissner Giesbert , Gosslau Yvonne , Jakob Rudolf , Bruijnen Hans-Kees , Oertl Frank , Woelfle Klaus 
Published: March 2014

Objective Fifty patients with complex aortic disease, who received hybrid treatment of the aortic arch with supra-aortic debranching and endovascular stent-graft repair, were evaluated in regard to events of primary (survival and technical success) and secondary (procedure-related complications) interest. Methods The single-center study was conducted over an eight-year period from December 2004 to December 2012. Treated medical conditions included 23 aortic aneurysms (46%), 21 aortic dissections (42%), and six penetrating aortic ulcers (12%). Procedures were divided into groups of elective, urgent, and emergent. Results Twenty-eight (56%) patients were operated electively, 15 (30%) urgently, and seven (14%) emergently. Sternotomy, cardiopulmonary bypass, and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest were required in 12 (24%) patients. The primary technical success rate was 86% and raised to 92% ( n = 46) of secondary technical success rate after therapy of three type I endoleaks. The 30-day mortality added up to 16.0%, and the mean time of survival was 49.3 months. In a total of eight (16%) patients, an endoleak occurred (five endoleaks type I, three endoleaks type II), while nine (18%) of patients suffered a perioperative stroke. Conclusions In severely ill patients with complex aortic diseases, hybrid therapy may offer a promising alternative to conventional open repair.
Development and psychometric testing of a scale assessing the sharing of medical information and interprofessional communication: the CSI scale
Authors: Anthoine Emmanuelle , Delmas Christelle , Coutherut Julie , Moret Leïla 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Interprofessional collaboration is essential in creating a safer patient environment. It includes the need to develop communication and coordination between professionals, implying a better sharing of medical information. Several questionnaires exist in the literature, but none of them have been developed in the French context. The objective was to develop and test the psychometric properties of the communication and sharing information (CSI) scale which assesses specifically interprofessional communication, especially the sharing of medical information and the effectiveness of communication between members of the team.

Methods
The questionnaire construction process used a literature review and involved a panel of voluntary professionals. A list of 32 items explored the quality of shared information delivered to patients and the effectiveness of interprofessional communication. The study was conducted in 16 voluntary units in a University Hospital (France), which included medical, surgical, obstetrics, intensive care, pediatrics, oncology and rehabilitation care. The scale-development process comprised an exploratory principal component analysis, Cronbach’s α-coefficients and structural equation modeling (SEM).

Results
From these 16 units, a total of 503 health professionals took part in the study. Among them, 23.9% were physicians (n = 120), 43.9% nurses (n = 221) and 32.2% nurse assistants (n = 162).
The validated questionnaire comprised 13 items and 3 dimensions relative to “the sharing of medical information” (5 items), “communication between physicians” (4 items) and “communication between nurses and nurse assistants” (4 items). The 3 dimensions accounted for 63.7% of the variance of the final questionnaire. Their respective Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were 0.80, 0.87 and 0.81. SEM confirmed the existence of the 3 latent dimensions but the best characteristics were obtained with a hierarchical model including the three latent factors and a global “communication between healthcare professionals” latent factor, bringing the 8 items linked to communication together. All the structural coefficients were highly significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
This self-perception CSI scale assessing several facets of interprofessional communication is the first one developed in the French context. The development study exhibited excellent psychometric properties. Further psychometric analysis is needed to establish test-retest reliability, sensibility to change and concurrent validity.
ZnO nanoparticle-induced oxidative stress triggers apoptosis by activating JNK signaling pathway in cultured primary astrocytes
Authors: Wang Jieting , Deng Xiaobei , Zhang Fang , Chen Deliang , Ding Wenjun 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
It has been documented in in vitro studies that zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are capable of inducing oxidative stress, which plays a crucial role in ZnO NP-mediated apoptosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of apoptosis in neurocytes induced by ZnO NP exposure was not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms of apoptosis provoked by ZnO NPs in cultured primary astrocytes by exploring the molecular signaling pathways triggered after ZnO NP exposure. ZnO NP exposure was found to reduce cell viability in MTT assays, increase lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, stimulate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and elicit caspase-3 activation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Apoptosis occurred after ZnO NP exposure as evidenced by nuclear condensation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP) cleavage. A decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) with a concomitant increase in the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio suggested that the mitochondria also mediated the pathway involved in ZnO NP-induced apoptosis. In addition, exposure of the cultured cells to ZnO NPs led to phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Moreover, JNK inhibitor (SP600125) significantly reduced ZnO NP-induced cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase-3 expression, but not ERK inhibitor (U0126) or p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), indicating that JNK signaling pathway is involved in ZnO NP-induced apoptosis in primary astrocytes.
A probabilistic method to estimate the burden of maternal morbidity in resource-poor settings: preliminary development and evaluation
Authors: Fottrell Edward , Högberg Ulf , Ronsmans Carine , Osrin David , Azad Kishwar , Nair Nirmala , Meda Nicolas , Ganaba Rasmane , Goufodji Sourou , Byass Peter , Filippi Veronique 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Background
Maternal morbidity is more common than maternal death, and population-based estimates of the burden of maternal morbidity could provide important indicators for monitoring trends, priority setting and evaluating the health impact of interventions. Methods based on lay reporting of obstetric events have been shown to lack specificity and there is a need for new approaches to measure the population burden of maternal morbidity. A computer-based probabilistic tool was developed to estimate the likelihood of maternal morbidity and its causes based on self-reported symptoms and pregnancy/delivery experiences. Development involved the use of training datasets of signs, symptoms and causes of morbidity from 1734 facility-based deliveries in Benin and Burkina Faso, as well as expert review. Preliminary evaluation of the method compared the burden of maternal morbidity and specific causes from the probabilistic tool with clinical classifications of 489 recently-delivered women from Benin, Bangladesh and India.

Results
Using training datasets, it was possible to create a probabilistic tool that handled uncertainty of women’s self reports of pregnancy and delivery experiences in a unique way to estimate population-level burdens of maternal morbidity and specific causes that compared well with clinical classifications of the same data. When applied to test datasets, the method overestimated the burden of morbidity compared with clinical review, although possible conceptual and methodological reasons for this were identified.

Conclusion
The probabilistic method shows promise and may offer opportunities for standardised measurement of maternal morbidity that allows for the uncertainty of women’s self-reported symptoms in retrospective interviews. However, important discrepancies with clinical classifications were observed and the method requires further development, refinement and evaluation in a range of settings.
Evaluation of hippocampus dose for patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Khodayari B , Michaud A L , Stanic S , Wooten O H , Dublin A , Purdy J A , Chen A M 
Published: March 2014

Objective:
To evaluate the dose received by the hippocampus among patients undergoing intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal cancer.

Methods:
10 patients with biopsy-proven, locally advanced nasopharyngeal cancer constituted the study population. The total prescribed dose to the planning target volume (PTV) was 70 Gy (D95%) delivered in 2.12-Gy daily fractions using IMRT. Using established anatomical guidelines, MRI co-registration and the assistance of a board-certified neuroradiologist, the right and left hippocampi were delineated on axial imaging from the CT scan obtained at simulation for each patient beginning at the most anterior portion of the lateral ventricle. IMRT treatment plans were generated without dose–volume constraints to the hippocampus. A range of dose–volume statistics was calculated.

Results:
The mean hippocampus volume was 6.01 ± 2.61 cm3. The mean V20 was 72.2%; V40 was 22.0%; V50 was 10.2%; and V60 was 5.5%. The average mean, minimum and maximum hippocampus doses were 30.27 Gy (range, 19.08–47.99 Gy); 17.54 Gy (range, 11.66–33.17 Gy); and 54.95 Gy (range, 35.59–75.57 Gy), respectively. The hippocampus received a maximum dose exceeding 70 Gy in 30% of cases.

Conclusion:
Our dosimetric analysis suggests that, for patients undergoing IMRT for nasopharyngeal cancer, the hippocampus routinely receives significantly high doses.

Advances in knowledge:
The hippocampus receives a fair amount of incidental radiation during treatment for nasopharyngeal cancer. Given the importance of this structure with respect to memory and neurocognitive function, consideration should be given to identifying the hippocampus as a critical organ at risk in the IMRT optimization process.
What is interpretation? A dilemma for Davidson
Authors: Kürbis Nils 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe core idea of Davidson’s philosophy of language is that a theory of truth constructed as an empirical theory by a radical interpreter is a theory of meaning. I discuss an ambiguity that arises from Davidson's notion of interpretation: it can either be understood as the hypothetical process of constructing a theory of truth for a language or as a process that actually happens when speakers communicate. I argue that each disambiguation is problematic and does not result in a theory of meaning.
Degradation of Specific Nuclear Proteins Occurs in the Cytoplasm in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chen Li , Madura Kiran 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The ubiquitin/proteasome system has been characterized extensively, although the site of nuclear substrate turnover has not been established definitively. We report here that two well-characterized nuclear proteins are stabilized in nuclear export mutants in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The requirement for nuclear export defines a new regulatory step in intracellular proteolysis.
High throughput synthesis of ceramic nanofibers
Authors: Sood S. , Zheng G. , Gouma P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHigh yield nanomanufacturing is important to turning nanotechnology advances into industrial products. Electrospinning is a nanomanufacturing process that has been used to process advanced ceramic nanofibers suitable for functional applications in sensing and catalysis, yet it has been limited in its scalability thus far. In this study a novel design of the electrospinning process and related equipment that could produce large qualities of ceramic nanofibers is described. This scaled-up approach to traditional needle electrospinning allows the formation of 24 jets operating under the same conditions as those set in the single jet lab-based process. Due to a thin metallic disc design, with tiny (0.5mm) holes drilled at the bottom corner of the disc, all jets experience a uniform impact of the electrostatic field. Continuous replenishment of the source disk at higher flow rates allows for high yields of nanofibers.
Charge Transport Phenomena Unique to Diamond
Authors: Kovi Kiran K. , Suntornwipat Nattakarn , Majdi Saman , Gabrysch Markus , Hammersberg Johan , Isberg Jan 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTDiamond is a unique material in many respects. One of the most well-known extreme properties of diamond is its ultrahardness. This property of diamond actually turns out to have interesting consequences for charge transport, in particular at low temperatures. In fact, the strong covalent bonds that give rise to the ultrahardness results in a lack of short wavelength lattice vibrations which has a strong impact on both electron and hole scattering. In some sense diamond behaves more like a vacuum than other semiconductor materials. In this paper we describe some interesting charge transport properties of diamond and discuss possible novel electronic applications.
Improvement of methanol oxidation catalytic activities of radiochemically synthesized PtRu/C nanoparticles by post annealing process
Authors: Seino Satoshi , Morisue Masato , Ohkubo Yuji , Kugai Junichiro , Nakagawa Takashi , Yamamoto Takao A. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTElectrode catalysts composed of carbon supported PtRu nanoparticles (PtRu/C) synthesized by radiochemical process were annealed to control the PtRu substructure to enhance catalytic activity. The substructure of the PtRu nanoparticles synthesized by using high-energy electron beam under acidic condition was Pt-rich core/Ru-rich shell type, reflecting the redox potentials of each precursor ions. The material characterization techniques revealed that the reductive annealing led to the mixing of PtRu both in the core and on the surface. The sample with annealing temperature of 300°C for 5 hour showed the highest methanol oxidation current, 2.3 times higher than that obtained with before annealing.