bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimum weight design of helically and hoop wound toroidal hydrogen storage tanks with variable slippage coefficients
Authors: Zu Lei , Koussios Sotiris , Beukers Adriaan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article determines the optimal winding parameters for helically and hoop overwound toroidal hydrogen storage tanks, based on the application of variable slippage coefficients. First, an optimality condition between helical winding angle and hoop‐to‐helical thickness ratio is derived from the minimum strain energy density criterion. The winding angle distributions are then obtained with the aid of the optimality condition, taking into account the shell thickness variation along the meridional direction. The general criteria for fiber trajectory stability on a torus are presented, and the relationship for the slippage coefficient and the helical winding angle is formulated according to the windability and manufacturability. The helical winding angle and thickness at the equator are considered as design variables, whereas the minimum weight acts as the objective function. A design example with a toroidal hydrogen storage tank is outlined to demonstrate the favorable performance of the present method. The results show that the present method using variable slippage coefficients leads to a better distribution of the fiber stress in the toroidal shell and an efficient utilization of the laminate strength. The obtained winding parameters can thus be regarded as optimal for filament‐wound toroidal hydrogen storage tanks. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Click‐ligation of coumarin to polyether polyols for polyurethane foams
Authors: Velencoso Maria M , Gonzalez Agustin SB , García‐Martínez Joaquin C , Ramos Maria J , De Lucas Antonio , Rodriguez Juan F 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA simple strategy for the synthesis and functionalization of polyurethanes is described. Anionic ring‐opening polymerization was combined with ‘click’ chemistry to synthesize polyols with fluorescent properties. This route allows the incorporation of a wide range of functionalities in the polyols with an easy, clean and highly selective process compatible with several types of functional groups. The proposed strategy opens the way to the production, in a cost‐effective way, of ‘smart’ polyurethanes with non‐conventional properties like fire retardancy, antimite properties, antibacterial properties, etc. Alkynyl groups were introduced into the polyol chains by the controlled addition of glycidyl propargyl ether as co‐monomer during a conventional anionic ring‐opening copolymerization with propylene oxide. Subsequently 4‐azidomethyl‐7‐methoxycoumarin molecules were introduced onto the alkynyl‐polyether polyols by copper‐catalysed cycloaddition reactions to produce end‐functionalized polyols. The chemical structure of the novel polyols was characterized using infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography with triple detection and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy. These characterization techniques confirmed the presence of a considerable amount of functional groups in the structure of the polyols. Finally, various fluorescent rigid foams, based on the functionalized polyols, were synthesized. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Iron‐mediated AGET ATRP of MMA with sulfosalicylic acid as a ligand
Authors: Deng Zhijun , Guo Jiangna , Qiu Lihua , Yuan Chao , Zhou Yinxia , Yan Feng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIron‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerizations with activators generated by electron transfer of methyl methacrylate in N,N‐dimethylformamide solution in the presence and absence of a limited amount of air, using FeCl3·6H2O as the catalyst, ethyl 2‐bromoisobutyrate (EBiB) as the initiator, vitamin C as the reducing agent, and a commercially available organic acid, sulfosalicylic acid (SSA), as the ligand were investigated. Addition of SSA as the ligand could enhance the polymerization rate, and produce poly(methyl methacrylate) with controllable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn = 1.30–1.50). The effect of [FeCl3·6H2O]0/[SSA]0 on the polymerization was studied by cyclic voltammetry characterization. Chain extension was performed to confirm the “living”/controlled nature of the polymerization system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Numerical Prediction of Interior Ballistics Performance of Projectile Accelerator Using Granular or Tubular Solid Propellant
Authors: Miura Hiroaki , Matsuo Akiko , Nakamura Yuichi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTwo‐dimensional axisymmetric interior ballistics simulations in projectile acceleration systems that use granular or long slotted tubular solid propellants are performed using the solid/gas two‐phase fluid dynamics code of the Euler‐Lagrange approach. For validation, the simulation results are compared with experimental data for tubular solid propellants. In the series of the interior ballistics simulations, the propellant grain size and shape effects on the firing performance of 50 mm gun are numerically investigated. The propellant grain size and shape affect the energy release rate of the solid propellant charged in the chamber, the projectile kinetic energy at the muzzle, and even the fluctuations of the chamber pressure history. An appropriate burning surface area of the propellant grain exists, so that the projectile can achieve the maximum kinetic energy from the released energy of the solid propellant. Based on the simulation results, guidelines are proposed for the grain size design that enables the propellant energy to be used efficiently.
Understanding and developing quantitative risk criteria
Authors: Shah Jatin N. , Moosemiller Michael D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThere are several factors that make the establishment of risk criteria a daunting task that few want to undertake. Nonetheless, for large global corporations, it is likely that one or more facilities have to meet governmental requirements. For US facilities, there is an incentive to having risk criteria in that it allows greater flexibility in complying with the updated API Recommended Practice 752 on siting of occupied permanent buildings. Having corporate risk criteria is imperative to ensure that facilities and operations that are not in “regulated jurisdictions” have a consistent framework to make risk‐related decisions. Risk criteria range from the use of the traditional risk matrix (consequence vs. likelihood) to the more quantitative risk criteria that include geographic risk (individual risk) and/or societal risk criteria. This article discusses the steps necessary to help companies develop robust defendable risk criteria that facilitate decision making. Potential pitfalls are also presented and discussed including: (a) the potential to develop criteria that are unachievable or too lax, (b) developing criteria that are inconsistent with other established programs in the company, and (c) reconciling the needs between unit level criteria and business or group level criteria. Typical risk‐tolerance criteria, and examples of issues and pitfalls that are commonly faced by companies developing such criteria, are also presented. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Application of incident command system in emergency response
Authors: Wang Qingsheng , Ma Tingguang , Hanson Jim , Larranaga Michael 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Incident Command System (ICS) is a standardized approach typically structured into five functional areas: command, operations, planning, logistics, and finance. The system allows for the integration of personnel, facilities, equipment, procedures, and communications within an organizational structure. It is a mature system and has been used by industries for a long time to aid in the proper mitigation of industrial incidents. The course named “Hazardous Materials Incident Management” is taught in the Department of Fire Protection & Safety at Oklahoma State University, which is designed to prepare students to manage hazardous materials emergencies through extensive hands‐on trainings. This article shows three design scenarios and how the ICS procedures are applied by student teams during the field trainings. Emergency response can be safely and effectively accomplished only when procedures are established and standardized through appropriate training. The discussion will help the academia and industry to well prepare/train the next generation of both public and private sector emergencyresponse personnel. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Loss prevention in chemical plants: A property insurer's perspective
Authors: Polagye Michael C. , Jackson Mark F. , Mohler Ronald D. , West Richard D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article presents a high‐level overview of the property loss prevention advice that FM Global (commercial and industrial property insurer) provides to its clients operating in the chemical industry. This article includes a breakdown of recommended loss prevention advice that plants can implement to help prevent and mitigate key loss scenarios commonly present at chemical facilities. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2012
Emerging Talents? International Students Before and After Their Career Start in Denmark
Authors: Mosneaga Ana , Winther Lars 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTInternational students are seen as prospective skilled workers in the globalising competition for talent. However, little is known about the connections between international students' decisions to study abroad and their perspectives on continuing their career in the host country after graduation or subsequently settling there for a longer term. This paper addresses this research gap by examining international students' and graduates' perspectives on the study‐to‐work transition in Denmark. The analysis is based on interviews with international students enrolled in postgraduate science and technology programmes at universities in the Copenhagen metropolitan region and with recent international graduates who stayed on in Denmark as foreign workers after their studies. The paper considers how variegated combinations of personal factors and contextual circumstances have an impact on the ways in which individuals from diverse national backgrounds navigate through the study‐to‐work transition process. Denmark is a relatively new entrant into the global competition for talent. This makes it an interesting case of an evolving host‐country context where international students' status transition represents a challenging process, both for policy‐making and from the perspective of the individuals concerned. The results draw attention to the diversity of constraints and opportunities that shape individual student migrants' perspectives and trajectories. In conclusion, the paper contributes to a better understanding of the link between talent and student mobility by interweaving insights from compartmentalised bodies of literature, and by enriching empirical knowledge on the connection between factors that attract and retain international students in the host country. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variable range hopping in graphene antidot lattices
Authors: Peters E. C. , Giesbers A. J. M. , Burghard M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe investigate the low temperature electrical transport mechanism in graphene antidot lattices. While the antidot diameter is kept constant at 50 nm, the center‐to‐center spacing between the antidots is varied from 80 to 200 nm in cubic arrangement. Our temperature dependent charge transport data reveal that electrical conduction in the samples is governed by variable range hopping (VRH) between localized states within a band gap. Upon decreasing the nanohole spacing the localization becomes stronger and the transport mechanism changes from 2D Mott VRH to Efros–Shklovskii (ES VRH). Concomitantly, a soft gap emerges due to the stronger localization and the increased Coulomb interactions between the localized states, which are most likely located at the nanohole edges. The Coulomb gap (CG) decreases linearly with increasing charge carrier density. Stronger localization with an increased CG is observed for thermally annealed samples with reduced doping.
Growth of Ce doped (Gd,Y)3Al5O12 single crystals by micro‐pulling‐down method and their scintillation properties
Authors: Kamada Kei , Yanagida Takayuki , Pejchal Jan , Nikl Martin , Yoshikawa Akira 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCe1%:(GdxY1‐x)3Al5O12 (x=0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) crystals were grown by the μ‐PD method. In the range of x=0∼0.4, the grown crystals showed single garnet phase, but x=0.6 and 0.8 crystals showed secondary perovskite phase. In these crystals, Ce3+ 4f‐5d emission was observed within 500‐530 nm wavelength. Emission peaks shifted to shorter wavelength and the decay times was delayed with increasing Gd concentration. The light yield of Ce:(Gd0.6Y0.4)3Al5O12sample was around 13,000 photon/MeV. Scintillation decay time was around 111 ns (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical and scintillation properties of Dy3+:Y3Al5O12 and undoped Y3Al5O12 crystals grown in reduction atmosphere
Authors: Seki Mafuyu , Kochurikhin Vladimir V. , Kurosawa Shunsuke , Suzuki Akira , Yamaji Akihiro , Fujimoto Yutaka , Wakahara Shingo , Pejchal Jan , Yokota Yuui , Yoshikawa Akira 
Published: November 2012

AbstractOptical and scintillation properties of a 1.0‐mol% Dy‐doped yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) grown under N2 atmosphere and undoped YAG crystals were investigated. Both crystals were grown by the Czochralski process. The one of the undoped YAG crystal was grown in an Ar + H2 (97:3) reducing atmosphere. Absorption peaks at 352 nm and 366 nm observed in 1.0‐mol% Dy‐doped YAG originated from 4f‐4f transition of Dy3+. In addition, the crystal showed sharp emission lines at near 482 nm and 584 nm under 352 nm UV and alpha‐ray excitation. The light output of Dy‐doped YAG was estimated to be approximately 20,000 photons/(5.5‐MeV alpha ray, 241Am). The scintillation decay time constants for Dy‐doped YAG crystal was around 400 ns and 40 ns. Undoped YAG crystals grown under Ar + H2(97:3) atmosphere showed absorption and excitation peak at 370 nm. A 400‐nm emission peak was observed under 370‐nm excitation. The light output of the crystal was also estimated to be 50,000 photons/(5.5‐MeV alpha ray). The scintillation decay time constants of the crystal were around 370 ns and 50 ns. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stable rectangular pulses supported by a quantum dot optical amplifier
Authors: Dachner Matthias‐René , Paulau Pavel , Engel Harald , Knorr Andreas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe predict the formation of a stable solitary rectangular pulse in semiconductor quantum dot media. The formation of such a pulse occurs when a quantum dot system is pumped in a way, where the s shell excitation exhibits gain while the p shell absorbs. We provide formulas to describe the rectangular pulse by the systems material parameters. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Understanding the electronic reorganization in the thermal isomerization reaction of trans‐3,4‐dimethylcyclobutene. Origins of outward Pseudodiradical {2n + 2π} torquoselectivity
Authors: Morales‐Bayuelo Alejandro 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe thermal isomerization reaction of trans‐3,4‐dimethylcyclobutene (1,2,3,4‐DMC) to produce the isomer (2E, 4E)‐hexadiene have been studied using density functional theory at the B3LYP/6‐31+G level. For this reaction, two different channels of the conrotatory torquoselectivity allowing the formation of the two isomeric (E,E) and (Z,Z) have been characterized. The isomer (Z,Z) occurs through the inward conrotatory mechanism, whereas the isomer (E,E) occurs through the outward conrotatory mechanism. The outward conrotatory is favored by 11.3 kcal/mol with respect to inward conrotatory one. This behavior is consistent with the thermodynamic properties: enthalpy, free energy, and entropy calculated in both reaction pathways. The topological analysis of the electron localization function at the outward conrotatory transition state explicated the electronic reorganization through a pseudodiradical {2n + 2π} process and not a pericyclic reorganization. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Cℓ‐free process
Authors: Warnke Lutz 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe ‐free process starts with the empty graph on n vertices and adds edges chosen uniformly at random, one at a time, subject to the condition that no copy of is created. For every we show that, with high probability as , the maximum degree is , which confirms a conjecture of Bohman and Keevash and improves on bounds of Osthus and Taraz. Combined with previous results this implies that the ‐free process typically terminates with edges, which answers a question of Erdős, Suen and Winkler. This is the first result that determines the final number of edges of the more general H‐free process for a non‐trivial class of graphs H. We also verify a conjecture of Osthus and Taraz concerning the average degree, and obtain a new lower bound on the independence number. Our proof combines the differential equation method with a tool that might be of independent interest: we establish a rigorous way to ‘transfer’ certain decreasing properties from the binomial random graph to the H‐free process. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg. 44, 490–526, 2014
Biclustering scatter plots using data depth measures
Authors: Zhang Zhanpan , Cui Xinping , Jeske Daniel R. , Borneman James 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBiclustering is desirable over traditional one‐dimensional clustering, and has been broadly applied to many domains such as bioinformatics and text mining. However, the existing biclustering methods can only deal with a data matrix of scalars. In this paper, we introduce a biclustering procedure that can handle a data matrix of scatter plots. To more accurately reflect the nature of data, we introduce a dissimilarity statistic based on ‘data depth’ to measure the discrepancy between two bivariate distributions without oversimplifying the nature of the underlying pattern. We then combine hypothesis testing with a searching algorithm to simultaneously cluster the rows and columns of the data matrix of scatter plots. We also propose novel painting metrics and construct heat maps to allow visualization of the biclusters. We demonstrate the utility and power of our proposed biclustering method through simulation studies and application to a microbe–host interaction study. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 6: 102–115, 2013
Shuttle‐Mediated Nanoparticle Delivery to the Blood–Brain Barrier
Authors: Guarnieri Daniela , Falanga Annarita , Muscetti Ornella , Tarallo Rossella , Fusco Sabato , Galdiero Massimiliano , Galdiero Stefania , Netti Paolo A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMany therapeutic drugs are excluded from entering the brain due to their lack of transport through the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The development of new strategies for enhancing drug delivery to the brain is of great importance in diagnostics and therapeutics of central nervous diseases. To overcome this problem, a viral fusion peptide (gH625) derived from the glycoprotein gH of Herpes simplex virus type 1 is developed, which possesses several advantages including high cell translocation potency, absence of toxicity of the peptide itself, and the feasibility as an efficient carrier for delivering therapeutics. Therefore, it is hypothesized that brain delivery of nanoparticles conjugated with gH625 should be efficiently enhanced. The surface of fluorescent aminated polystyrene nanoparticles (NPs) is functionalized with gH625 via a covalent binding procedure, and the NP uptake mechanism and permeation across in vitro BBB models are studied. At early incubation times, the uptake of NPs with gH625 by brain endothelial cells is greater than that of the NPs without the peptide, and their intracellular motion is mainly characterized by a random walk behavior. Most importantly, gH625 peptide decreases NP intracellular accumulation as large aggregates and enhances the NP BBB crossing. In summary, these results establish that surface functionalization with gH625 may change NP fate by providing a good strategy for the design of promising carriers to deliver drugs across the BBB for the treatment of brain diseases.
Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of Bridge Weathering Steel in Austenite Region
Authors: Gao Xinliang , Zhu Miaoyong , Sun Chao , Fu Guiqin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe austenite dynamic recrystallization (DRX) behavior and microstructure evolution of a bridge weathering steel was systematically investigated at a deformation temperature range of 800–1100°C and strain rate of 0.1–10 s−1 by using hot compression test and optical microscopy. The stress exponent and hot deformation energy were obtained by regression method to determine thermal deformation constitutive equation. The curve of stress versus strain is used, combined with high order polynomial fitting, to accurately determine the critical value of DRX. The relationships between critical strain, critical stress, and Z parameter of the bridge weathering steel were obtained by regression method. Moreover, the influence factors of DRX kinetics of the bridge weathering steel were studied in the light of the experimental results. It is shown that the strain rate has a more significant effect on the rate of DRX than that of the deformation temperature, and there is almost 0.85 orders of magnitude increment in the rate of DRX as the strain rate increases an order of magnitude. The dynamically recrystallized grain size can be decreased with decreasing the deformation temperature and increasing the strain rate during the austenite deformation.
Concise Review: Genetically Engineered Stem Cell Therapy Targeting Angiogenesis and Tumor Stroma in Gastrointestinal Malignancy
Authors: Keung Emily Z. , Nelson Peter J. , Conrad Claudius 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Cell-based gene therapy holds considerable promise for the treatment of human malignancy. Genetically engineered cells if delivered to sites of disease could alleviate symptoms or even cure cancer through expression of therapeutic or suicide transgene products. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), nonhematopoietic multipotent cells found primarily in bone marrow, have garnered particular interest as potential tumor-targeting vehicles due to their innate tumortropic homing properties. However, recent strategies go further than simply using MSCs as vehicles and use the stem cell-specific genetic make-up to restrict transgene expression to tumorigenic environments using tumor-tissue specific promoters. This addresses one of the concerns with this novel therapy that nonselective stem cell-based therapy could induce cancer rather than treat it. Even minimal off-target effects can be deleterious, motivating recent strategies to not only enhance MSC homing but also engineer them to make their antitumor effect selective to sites of malignancy. This review will summarize the advances made in the past decade toward developing novel cell-based cancer therapies using genetically engineered MSCs with a focus on strategies to achieve and enhance tumor specificity and their application to targeting gastrointestinal malignancies such as hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic adenocarcinoma.