bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral manifestations of 17 patients affected with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI
Authors: Kantaputra Piranit Nik , Kayserili Hülya , Güven Yeliz , Kantaputra Warissara , Balci Mehmet C. , Tanpaiboon Pranoot , Uttarilli Anusha , Dalal Ashwin 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess oral manifestations of 17 patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) or Maroteaux‐Lamy syndrome.MethodsWe performed comprehensive oral examinations in 17 patients with MPS VI. Panoramic radiographs was performed only in 14 patients. All patients were of Thai, Turkish, and Indian origins. Ten of 17 patients had enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) (Naglazyme). Most Turkish patients (10/11) were on ERT. The Thai and Indian patients have never had ERT.ResultsOral and radiographic examinations showed that hypoplastic mandibular condyles (93.3 %), malposition of unerupted teeth (92.9 %), large dental follicles (92.3 %), anterior open bite (86.7 %), maxillary constriction (56.3 %), and taurodontism (53.8 %) were common among patients with MPS VI. Newly recognized oral findings found in our study included taurodontism, long tooth roots, abnormal frenum, missing teeth, supernumerary teeth, and microdontia. Two patients who started ERT prior to 3 years old did not develope anterior open bite and one of them had mildly affected mandibular condyles.ConclusionOur study provides the most comprehensive study of oral manifestations in patients with MPS VI. Receiving ERT at very young ages may lessen craniofacial malformations including hypoplasic mandibular condyles and anterior open bite. Oral manifestations can be used as diagnostic features for MPS VI prior to assessing leukocyte ARSB activity or urinary excretion of dermatan sulfate.
Purification of Free DHA by Selective Esterification of Fatty Acids from Tuna Oil Catalyzed by Rhizopus oryzae Lipase
Authors: Bhandari Kriti , Chaurasia S. P. , Dalai A. K. , Gupta Alok 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTuna fish oil contains 25–30 % docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and is one of the richest sources of DHA. The present paper investigates the enrichment of DHA by selective esterification of fatty acids obtained from hydrolysis of tuna fish oil catalyzed by Rhizopus oryzae lipase (ROL). The fatty acid mixture obtained after hydrolysis of tuna fish oil, referred to as tuna‐FFA contained 26 % DHA. For purification/concentration of DHA in free fatty acids, selective esterification of the fatty acid mixtures with butanol was carried out using ROL in a water‐organic solvent system. The best reaction parameters found in this study were pH 7, temperature 35 °C, agitation speed 800 rpm and a fatty acid to solvent (iso‐octane) ratio of 1:1.32 (w/v). Also, the effects of other parameters such as type of alcohol, type of enzyme, alcohol to fatty acid ratio, enzyme to fatty acid ratio were studied to determine the most suitable reaction conditions. Exactly 76.2 % of tuna‐FFA was esterified in 24 h, under the most suitable reaction conditions and the DHA content in the fatty acid fraction rose from 26 to 86.9 % with 80 % recovery of DHA, after selective esterification. The DHA content of fatty acids in butyl esters was found to be 13.6 %.
Roles of epigenome in mammalian spermatogenesis
Authors: Song Ning , Endo Daisuke , Koji Takehiko 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMammalian spermatogenesis is a successive process consisting of spermatogonial proliferation, spermatocytic meiosis, and spermiogenesis, representing the maturation of haploid spermatids. During the process, 25–75 % of the expected sperm yield is thought to be lost through apoptosis. In addition, spermatogenesis is considered to be a process undergoing successive heterochromatinization, finally reaching a complete condensed form in the sperm head. Thus, cell proliferation, differentiation and death may be strictly regulated by epigenetic factors in this process. This review describes the current understanding of the role of epigenome in spermatogenesis, especially focusing on the following aspects; DNA methylation, modification of histones, and small RNA function. These epigenetic factors affect each other and play a central role in events essential for spermatogenesis, fertilization and embryogenesis, through the regulation of gene expression, transposon activities, meiotic sex chromosome inactivation, histone remodeling and genome imprinting. Finally, a brief discussion of future avenues of study is highlighted.
SOCIAL SUPPORT DURING DELIVERY IN RURAL CENTRAL GHANA: A MIXED METHODS STUDY OF WOMEN'S PREFERENCES FOR AND AGAINST INCLUSION OF A LAY COMPANION IN THE DELIVERY ROOM
Authors: ALEXANDER AMIR , MUSTAFA AESHA , EMIL SARAH A. V. , AMEKAH EBENEZER , ENGMANN CYRIL , ADANU RICHARD , MOYER CHERYL A. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThis study aimed to explore pregnant women's attitudes towards the inclusion of a lay companion as a source of social support during labour and delivery in rural central Ghana. Quantitative demographic and pregnancy-related data were collected from 50 pregnant women presenting for antenatal care at a rural district hospital and analysed using STATA/IC 11.1. Qualitative attitudinal questions were collected from the same women through semi-structured interviews; data were analysed using NVivo 9.0. Twenty-nine out of 50 women (58%) preferred to have a lay companion during facility-based labour and delivery, whereas 21 (42%) preferred to deliver alone with the nurses in a facility. Women desiring a companion were younger, had more antenatal care visits, had greater educational attainment and were likely to be experiencing their first delivery. Women varied in the type of companion they prefer (male partner vs female relative). What was expected in terms of social support differed based upon the type of companion. Male companions were expected to provide emotional support and to ‘witness her pain’. Female companions were expected to provide emotional support as well as instrumental, informational and appraisal support. Three qualitative themes were identified that run counter to the inclusion of a lay helper: fear of an evil-spirited companion, a companion not being necessary or helpful, and being ‘too shy’ of a companion. This research challenges the assumption of a unilateral desire for social support during labour and delivery, and suggests that women differ in the type of companion and type of support they prefer during facility deliveries. Future research is needed to determine the direction of the relationship – whether women desire certain types of support and thus choose companions they believe can meet those needs, or whether women desire a certain companion and adjust their expectations accordingly.
Trichuris murisresearch revisited: a journey through time
Authors: HURST REBECCA J. M. , ELSE KATHRYN J. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYThe mouse whipwormTrichuris murishas long been used as a tractable model of human Trichuriasis. Here we look back at the history ofT. murisresearch; from the definition of the species and determination of its life cycle, through to the complex immune responses that we study today. We highlight the key research papers that have developed our understanding of immune responses to this parasite, and reflect on how original concepts have been transformed, as our knowledge of immunology has grown. Although we have a good understanding of host–parasite interactions in the context of the underlying cellular immunology, there are still many aspects of the biology of theTrichurisparasite that remain undefined. We predict that advances in parasite biology will be key in the future development of new and improved treatments for Trichuriasis.
Treatment of depression in diagnosed diabetes: common cause or detection bias?
Authors: Manderbacka K. , Jokela M. , Sund R. , Elovainio M. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundThis study examined two competing hypotheses concerning the association between diabetes and treatment for depression: (1) the detection/ascertainment bias hypothesis suggesting that those with diabetes are more likely to be diagnosed with and treated for depression because of increased medical attention and (2) a hypothesis assuming that diabetes and depression share common underlying pathophysiological pathways.MethodThe study population included all persons aged 35–65 years in Finland with any record of type 2 diabetes in the national health and population registers from 1999 to 2002 and for whom register-based data on depression treatment (antidepressant medication use and hospitalizations for depression) were available at least 2 years before and after the diagnosis of diabetes (n = 18 217). Sociodemographic data were individually linked to the study population. Associations between diabetes diagnosis and time and indicators of depression care were assessed with population-averaged multilevel logistic models.ResultsWithin the year following diagnosis diabetes, there was a 5% increase in antidepressant medication use but not in hospitalization for depression. The longitudinal change in antidepressant use over time was less steep after the diabetes diagnosis, and hospitalization risk decreased after the diagnosis. These associations between diabetes diagnosis and depression treatment were not modified by the participant's socio-economic position (SEP).ConclusionsThese findings support the common cause hypothesis that treatment for diabetes is beneficial to the prevention of depression rather than the detection/ascertainment hypothesis that individuals with diabetes have higher rates of depression because they receive more medical attention in general.
Wakefield generation and electron acceleration by intense super-Gaussian laser pulses propagating in plasma
Authors: Jha Pallavi , Saroch Akanksha , Mishra Rohit Kumar 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEvolution of longitudinal electrostatic wakefields, due to the propagation of a linearly polarized super-Gaussian laser pulse through homogeneous plasma has been presented via two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. The wakes generated are compared with those generated by a Gaussian laser pulse in the relativistic regime. Further, one-dimensional numerical model has been used to validate the generated wakefields via simulation studies. Separatrix curves are plotted to study the trapping and energy gain of an externally injected test electron, due to the generated electrostatic wakefields. An enhancement in the peak energy of an externally injected electron accelerated by wakes generated by super-Gaussian pulse as compared to Gaussian pulse case has been observed.
Review Article Relationships between intuitive eating and health indicators: literature review
Authors: Van Dyke Nina , Drinkwater Eric J 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo review the peer-reviewed literature on relationships between intuitive eating and health indicators and suggest areas of inquiry for future research. We define the fundamental principles of intuitive eating as: (i) eating when hungry; (ii) stopping eating when no longer hungry/full; and (iii) no restrictions on types of food eaten unless for medical reasons.DesignWe include articles cited by PubMed, PsycInfo and Science Direct published in peer-reviewed journals or theses that include ‘intuitive eating’ or related concepts in the title or abstract and that test relationships between intuitive eating and physical or mental health indicators.ResultsWe found twenty-six articles that met our criteria: seventeen cross-sectional survey studies and nine clinical studies, eight of which were randomised controlled trials. The cross-sectional surveys indicate that intuitive eating is negatively associated with BMI, positively associated with various psychological health indicators, and possibly positively associated with improved dietary intake and/or eating behaviours, but not associated with higher levels of physical activity. From the clinical studies, we conclude that the implementation of intuitive eating results in weight maintenance but perhaps not weight loss, improved psychological health, possibly improved physical health indicators other than BMI (e.g. blood pressure; cholesterol levels) and dietary intake and/or eating behaviours, but probably not higher levels of physical activity.ConclusionsResearch on intuitive eating has increased in recent years. Extant research demonstrates substantial and consistent associations between intuitive eating and both lower BMI and better psychological health. Additional research can add to the breadth and depth of these findings. The article concludes with several suggestions for future research.
Financial competence, risk presentation and retirement portfolio preferences
Authors: BATEMAN HAZEL , ECKERT CHRISTINE , GEWEKE JOHN , LOUVIERE JORDAN , SATCHELL STEPHEN , THORP SUSAN 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFinancial regulators are weighing up the effectiveness of different templates for communicating investment risk to retirement savers since welfare depends on comprehension of risk information. We compare nine standard risk presentations using a discrete choice experiment where subjects choose between three retirement accounts. Switching between graphical or textual presentations, or between formats that emphasize benchmarks rather than return ranges or values at risk, affects predicted choices more than large changes in underlying risk. Innumerate individuals are more susceptible to presentation, and those with weak basic financial literacy are insensitive to increasing risk levels, regardless of presentation. Presentation effects are moderated but not eliminated as financial literacy improves.
Comparative carbon footprint assessment of winter lettuce production in two climatic zones for Midwestern market
Authors: Plawecki Rachel , Pirog Rich , Montri Adam , Hamm Michael W. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe following study assesses cold-season hoop house lettuce production in the context of local food systems’ relative environmental effects. For this purpose, we compare the carbon footprints of leaf lettuce production in two climatic zones, one close to the consumer market and one distant, via environmental impact modeling in SimaPro 7.3. A site-specific scenario is first detailed with organic leaf lettuce locally grown in an East Lansing, Michigan hoop house. This is compared to a hypothetical scenario, modeled using average industry data, with leaf lettuce conventionally grown in California then shipped to East Lansing. The system boundaries used in this analysis extend from manufacturing of farm production inputs to a hypothetical retail gate. We assumed that the consumer drove the same distance to the retailer in each case. The functional unit used is 1 kg of leaf lettuce. Results demonstrate that the distant system exhibits 4.3 times the CO2 ‘footprint’ per kg of lettuce. This nonlocal system also resulted in higher resource depletion, health impact and ecological damage potential as demonstrated via the SimaPro simulation. This study concludes that unheated, hoop house lettuce production, given the assumption on within-area travel, has a smaller carbon footprint than outdoor, distant production, and speaks to both the potential value of more localized food systems and the need for a more diverse set of scenario modeling to understand the boundaries of this value.
Differential lung NK cell responses in avian influenza virus infected chickens correlate with pathogenicity
Authors: Jansen Christine A. , de Geus Eveline D. , van Haarlem Daphne A. , van de Haar Peter M. , Löndt Brandon Z. , Graham Simon P. , Göbel Thomas W. , van Eden Willem , Brookes Sharon M. , Vervelde Lonneke 
Published: August 2013

AbstractInfection of chickens with low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus results in mild clinical signs while infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses causes death of the birds within 36–48 hours. Since natural killer (NK) cells have been shown to play an important role in influenza-specific immunity, we hypothesise that NK cells are involved in this difference in pathogenicity. To investigate this, the role of chicken NK-cells in LPAI virus infection was studied. Next activation of lung NK cells upon HPAI virus infection was analysed. Infection with a H9N2 LPAI virus resulted in the presence of viral RNA in the lungs which coincided with enhanced activation of lung NK cells. The presence of H5N1 viruses, measured by detection of viral RNA, did not induce activation of lung NK cells. This suggests that decreased NK-cell activation may be one of the mechanisms associated with the enhanced pathogenicity of H5N1 viruses.
The maize leaf lipidome shows multilevel genetic control and high predictive value for agronomic traits
Authors: Riedelsheimer Christian , Brotman Yariv , Méret Michaël , Melchinger Albrecht E. , Willmitzer Lothar 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAlthough the plant lipidome show an enormous level of structural and functional diversity, our knowledge about its genetic control and its connection to whole-plant phenotypes is very limited. Here, we profiled 563 lipid species with UPLC-FT-MS in 289 field-grown inbred lines genotyped with 56,110 SNPs. Genome-wide association study identified 174 associations for 76 lipids explaining up to 31.4% of the genetic variance (P-value 8.4 × 10−18). Candidate genes were found for lipid synthesis, breakdown, transfer and protection against peroxidation. The detected SNP-lipid associations could be grouped into associations with 1) individual lipids, 2) lipids from one biochemical class and 3) lipids from several classes, suggesting a multilevel genetic control architecture. We further found a strong connection between the lipidome and agronomic traits in field-evaluated hybrid progeny. A cross-validated prediction model yielded correlations of up to 0.78 suggesting that the lipidome accurately predicts agronomic traits relevant in hybrid maize breeding.
Origin of the Chemical and Kinetic Stability of Graphene Oxide
Authors: Zhou Si , Bongiorno Angelo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAt moderate temperatures (≤ 70°C), thermal reduction of graphene oxide is inefficient and after its synthesis the material enters in a metastable state. Here,first-principlesand statistical calculations are used to investigate both the low-temperature processes leading to decomposition of graphene oxide and the role of ageing on the structure and stability of this material. Our study shows that the key factor underlying the stability of graphene oxide is the tendency of the oxygen functionalities to agglomerate and form highly oxidized domains surrounded by areas of pristine graphene. Within the agglomerates of functional groups, the primary decomposition reactions are hindered by both geometrical and energetic factors. The number of reacting sites is reduced by the occurrence of local order in the oxidized domains and due to the close packing of the oxygen functionalities, the decomposition reactions become – on average – endothermic by more than 0.6 eV.
Comparative study of multilevel inverters under unbalanced voltage in a single DC link
Authors: Maswood Ali I. , Gabriel Ooi H. P. , Al Ammar Essam 
Published: August 2013

This study explores the feasibility of an AC/DC/AC drive with near unity power factor front‐end rectifier and five‐level rear‐end multilevel inverter topology with a focus on achieving lower voltage total harmonic distortion and higher energy efficiency. The unity PF front‐end rectifier in this AC/DC/AC drive may cause unbalanced voltage in the DC bus capacitors leading to high voltage distortion on the output AC voltage of a rear‐end multilevel inverter. Based on the analysis, modelling and experimental results, rear‐end multilevel flying‐capacitor inverter with unity PF front‐end rectifier in an AC/DC/AC power drive is proposed which is able to provide better DC voltage balancing when compared to diode‐clamped topology. Having no diode components being used in this multilevel inverter, the flying‐capacitor topology produces lesser commutation losses. Furthermore, rear‐end multilevel flying‐capacitor topology offers better efficiency and good quality output voltage without any bulky and expensive LC filter and even without any additional DC voltage balancing circuitry. The analytical performance of the drive is verified on a 1.3 kW laboratory prototype.
Design and implementation of a low cost, high yield dielectric barrier discharge ozone generator based on the single switch resonant converter
Authors: Salam Zainal , Facta Mochammad , Amjad Muhammad , Buntat Zolkafle 
Published: August 2013

This work proposes a low cost ozone generator which is capable of producing high ozone yield. Its dielectric barrier discharge planar‐shaped chamber is constructed using common materials; the electrodes are made of aluminium mesh and copper plate, whereas muscovite mica is used as the dielectric. The availability of thin mica sheet (< 1 mm) allows for the lowering of the initiation voltage without the use of discharge gas. The chamber is fed by a high‐voltage power supply that utilises the single switch resonant converter topology with ferrite transformer. To validate the idea, an experimental prototype ozone generator is designed and constructed. The generator is fed by a low‐voltage DC power supply (8–17 V) and does not require water or air‐cooling for its chamber. Despite its small footprint, the maximum achievable ozone yield is 120 g/kWh at 2.0 l/min, with measured efficiency of 75%. Finally, the performance of the proposed generator is critically evaluated in comparison with several important works in the same area.
Active anti‐islanding detection based on pulse current injection for distributed generation systems
Authors: Hou Chung‐Chuan , Chen Yu‐Chun 
Published: August 2013

This study proposes an active anti‐islanding detection using an adjustable pulse current for distributed generation systems. The pulse current injection is utilised to find out difference voltage response between utility systems and islanding operation systems within 2.8 ms, which is faster than conventional current injection methods. Furthermore, the power line communication is utilised to keep islanding detection system with accuracy. Finally, the performances of the proposed scheme are validated by simulation and test results.
Modelling and industrial application of series hybrid active power filter
Authors: Jianben Liu , Shaojun Dai , Qiaofu Chen , Kun Tao 
Published: August 2013

In the series hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) based on fundamental magnetic flux compensation (FMFC), the harmonic voltage across the magnetising inductance of the series transformer will disturb the inverter output current and worsen the filtering effect of the SHAPF. However, this influence caused by harmonic voltage was ignored in the previous research. Therefore there is blindness and casualness in the parameter selection of the SHAPF based on FMFC. Taking a 10 kV, 1 MVA industrial application of the SHAPF in a manufacture factory in Guangdong Province as an example, this study establishes the accurate global mathematical model of the SHAPF. Furthermore, based on the proposed global mathematical model, the series transformer parameters are analysed in detail to show its influence on the filtering performance of the SHAPF. This mathematical model can be used as foundations of the parameter selection of the SHAPF. Finally, an engineering prototype is manufactured and applied. The practical experimental results verify the theoretical analysis.