bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional numerical simulations of crustal systems undergoing orogeny and subjected to surface processes
Authors: Thieulot C. , Steer P. , Huismans R. S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAs several modeling studies indicate, the structural expression and dynamic behavior of orogenic mountain belts are dictated not only by their rheological properties or by far‐field tectonic motion, but also by the efficiency of erosion and sedimentation acting on its surface. Until recently, numerical investigations have been mainly limited to 2‐D studies because of the high computational cost required by 3‐D models. Here, we have efficiently coupled the landscape evolution model Cascade with the 3‐D thermomechanically coupled tectonics code FANTOM. Details of the coupling algorithms between both codes are given. We present results of numerical experiments designed to study the response of viscous‐plastic crustal materials subjected to convergence and to surface processes including both erosion and sedimentation. In particular, we focus on the equilibration of both the tectonic structures and on the surface morphology of the orogen. We show that increasing the efficiency of fluvial erosion increases the frontal thrust angle, which in turn decreases the width of the orogen. In addition, the maximum summit elevation of the orogen during transient evolution is significantly higher in those models showcasing surface processes than those that do not. This illustrates the strong coupling between tectonics and surface processes. We also demonstrate that an along‐strike gradient of erosion efficiency can have a major impact upon the landscape morphology and the tectonic structure and deformation of the orogen, in both the across‐strike and along‐strike directions. Overall, our results suggest that surface processes, by enhancing localization of deformation, can act as a positive forcing to topographic building.
The influence of combined external donor and combined cocatalyst on propylene polymerization with a MgCl2‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst in the presence of hydrogen
Authors: Li Peiyuan , Tu Songtao , Xu Tao , Fu Zhisheng , Fan Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe influence of combined external donor (ED) (diphenyldimethoxysilane/dicyclopentyldimethoxysilane) and combined cocatalyst (triethylaluminum/triisobutylaluminum) on propylene polymerization with MgCl2‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst in the presence of hydrogen was investigated. By deconvolution analysis of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) into multiple Flory components, the influence of ED and cocatalyst on the active center distribution of the catalyst was demonstrated, and the mechanism was discussed. Using combined cocatalyst and combined donor, iPP with high molecular weight, high isotacticity index, and broad MWD can be obtained. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41689.
Optimization of nanofibrous silk fibroin scaffold as a delivery system for bone marrow adherent cells: in vitro and in vivo studies
Authors: Gholipourmalekabadi Mazaher , Mozafari Masoud , Bandehpour Mojgan , Salehi Mohammad , Sameni Marzieh , Caicedo Hector Hugo , Mehdipour Ahmad , Hamidabadi Hatef Ghasemi , Samadikuchaksaraei Ali , Ghanbarian Hossein 
Published: December 2014

AbstractElectrospun silk fibroin nanofibrous scaffolds (ESFNSs) were successfully prepared by electrospinning of various Bombyx mori silk fibroin concentrations (10, 12, and 14% in formic acid). After characterizing the purified silk fibroin, the morphology, porosity, fibers’ diameter, and uniformity of the prepared scaffolds were examined in detail. In addition, biological responses such as effects on bone marrow cell viability, cytotoxicity, and cell adhesion were evaluated in vitro. Biocompatibility and bioactivity properties of the ESFNSs were evaluated in vitro and in vivo by cell culturing and subcutaneous implantation in rat models for 7 and 28 days, respectively. According to the obtained results, no beaded fibers were seen in any of the prepared scaffolds, whereas ESFNS‐10% provided more uniformity and porosity with nanoscaled fibers (90 ± 0.021 nm). Furthermore, the scaffolds also showed good cell adhesion and spreading (68.7 ± 11.8 and 7.6 ± 3.3 total length and width, respectively) with no detectable effect on cell viability and cytotoxicity. The in vivo biocompatibility evaluation indicated that the scaffolds did not stimulate detectable cellular inflammatory response (lymphocytes) and increased the total cell number (cellularity) in the implantation area. Furthermore, the results suggest the potential use of the prepared ESFNS‐10% bone marrow cell constructs in direct implantation for tissue engineering applications.
Determination of a novel anticancer c‐Met inhibitor LS‐177 in rat plasma and tissues with a validated UPLC‐MS/MS method: application to pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution study
Authors: Ju Ping , Liu Zhenzhen , Jiang Yu , Zhao Simin , Zhang Lunhui , Zhang Yuanyuan , Gu Liqiang , Tang Xing , Bi Kaishun , Chen Xiaohui 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLS‐177 is a novel small‐molecule kinase inhibitor employed to interrupt the c‐Met signaling pathway. A rapid and sensitive ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated for determination of LS‐177 in rat plasma and tissues. The biosamples were extracted by liquid–liquid extraction with methyl tert‐butyl ether and separated on a C18 column (50 × 4.6 mm, 2.6 µm) using a gradient elution mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile–0.1% formic acid water. Under the optimal conditions, the selectivity of the method was satisfactory with no endogenous interference. The intraday and interday precisions (relative standard deviation) were <10.5% and the accuracy (relative error) was from −12.5 to 12.5% at all quality control levels. Excellent recovery and negligible matrix effects were observed. Stability studies showed that LS‐177 was stable during the preparation and analytical processes. The UPLC‐MS/MS method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution studies. The results indicated that there was no significant drug accumulation after multiple‐dose oral administration of LS‐177. The tissue distribution study exhibited significant higher uptakes of LS‐177 in stomach, intestine, lung and liver among all of the tissues. The results in pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution may provide a meaningful basis for clinical application. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polytraumatization in an adult national sample and its association with psychological distress and self‐esteem
Authors: Nilsson Doris , Dahlstöm Örjan , Priebe Gisela , Svedin Carl Göran 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of self‐reported experiences of potential childhood traumas and polytraumatization, and to find cut‐off values for different kinds of potential traumatic events in a national representative sample of adults in Sweden. In addition, to analyse the association between polytraumatization and both psychological distress and global self‐esteem.MethodA web‐based survey ‐ containing SCL‐25 and Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale, and Linköping Difficult Life Events Scale ‐ Adult ‐ was sent out to a nationally reprative sample and 5062 people chose to participate in the study.ResultsResults showed that almost everyone (97%) has experienced at least one potential traumatic event and that polytraumatization (the 10% of the participants with most reported traumas) was significantly (Z = 12.57, P < 0.001, r = 0.18) associated with psychological distress and global self‐esteem. Gender differences were significant (Z = 8.44, P < 0.001, r = 0.12), in that men experience more noninterpersonal traumas but women report more symptoms. The effect sizes regarding the impact of potential trauma on self‐esteem were largest for women with experience of polytraumatization in the age group 18–25 (r = 0.48). There was almost linear increase in psychological distress and linear decrease in self‐esteem with increasing number of traumatic events experienced.ConclusionExperience of polytrauma can be considered an important factor to take into account in psychiatric settings as well.
An unusual case of phenotype switch between AML FAB subtypes
Authors: Das Animesh , Singh Amitabh , Gajendra Smeeta , Gupta Ritu , Sazawal Susha , Seth Rachna 
Published: December 2014

Key Clinical MessagePhenotypic switch between any leukemia subtypes is of concern to a treating physician and more so, in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) as the mechanisms for switch and subsequent chemotherapy regimen to be used remain unclear. AML‐non‐M3 from AML‐M3 subtype needs special mention as this has been unheard off.
Fully Automated Reactor System for Continuous Characterization of (Bio)catalysts
Authors: Lyagin Evgenij , Drews Anja , Kraume Matthias 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe existing screening and characterization systems for biocatalysts operate in batch mode, which could make catalyst selection and process development inaccurate when continuous operation mode is required in industry. A significant improvement of an innovative screening system based on miniaturized multiple membrane reactors formerly presented by the author is outlined, which enables continuous feeding of substrates and continuous removal of products. Although the presented screening system was originally designed for homogeneous enzymatic reactions, it can be used without further modifications for continuous catalysis with polymer‐bound chemical catalysts or for quasi‐homogeneous systems like reverse micelles.
Gaussian Beam First‐Arrival Waveform Inversion Based on Born Wavepath
Authors: Yu‐Zhu LIU , Chun XIE , Ji‐Zhong YANG 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe propose a new waveform inversion method to improve the accuracy of the near surface velocity structure. Only the first‐arrival waveform is used in this method to decrease the nonlinearity between wavefield and model parameters and the dependency of waveform inversion on the starting model. To increase the computational efficiency of forward calculation, we use Gaussian Beam (GB) method to calculate the Green function and the first‐arrival wavefield. To avoid the storage of the huge Fréchet matrix, based on Born wavepath, we propose the calculation of the direction and step length in waveform inversion using matrix decomposition, accomplished by accumulation. We then apply this new first‐arrival waveform inversion method on a numerical experiment. The comparisons between this method and traditional acoustic full waveform inversion (FWI) and ray‐based first‐arrival traveltime tomography (RFTT) show that it can obtain a result a little worse than FWI while much better than traditional RFTT, while the computational efficiency is almost the same as RFTT. Meanwhile, the dependence of this method on the starting model is much weaker than FWI.
Observation of Upper Atmospheric Temperature by Kunming All‐Sky Meteor Radar
Authors: Wen YI , Jin‐Song CHEN , Chun‐Bo MA , Na LI , Zhen‐Wei ZHAO 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUsing the data collected by the all‐sky meteor radar with two different operating frequencies at the Kunming station (25.6°N, 103.8°E) during the special joint observation experiment in 2011. Based on the method improved by Hocking, we determined the mesopause above the height of peak meteor activity, and then used different temperature gradients to inversion of atmospheric temperature at 88 km and 85 km over Kunming. Comparison with the Aura satellite temperature data shows that two separate meteor radars can measure correct atmospheric temperature at the height of peak meteor activity, however the correlation between temperature determined by the meteor radar using temperature gradient model and satellite temperature is not well. While the temperature determined by meteor radar using satellite temperature gradients have good correlation with satellite temperature. It is concluded that the accurate temperature gradient is very important in the Hocking's method.
Reducing the effects of the noise uncertainty in energy detectors for cognitive radio networks
Authors: Martínez Daniela M. , Andrade Ángel G. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryBecause of its ease of implementation and minimum requirements about the primary signals' information, energy detection is broadly considered for signal detection in spectrum sensing algorithms. However, the noise uncertainty phenomenon, caused by the random variations in the noise power, degrades the performance of an energy detector, particularly when the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) is low. In this work, we propose to reduce the negative effects of the noise uncertainty in the performance of an energy detector by dynamically adapting its detection threshold to the noise conditions experienced at each sensing epoch. The noise power is estimated from the received signal samples using an algorithm based on a high‐pass filters bank and median filtering. With our proposal, it is possible to maintain a constant and low false alarm rate in the presence of noise uncertainty, without increasing the probability of misdetection, even in the low SNR regime, and without increasing the number of samples considered for spectrum sensing. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation and Stability of Gaseous Ternary Oxides of Group 14–16 Elements and Related Oxides of Group 15 Elements: Mass Spectrometric and Quantum Chemical Study
Authors: Kunkel Katerina , Milke Edgar , Binnewies Michael 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe formation of four hitherto unknown lead tellurium oxides – PbTeO3, PbTe2O5, Pb2TeO4 and Pb2Te2O6 – was observed in the gas phase by means of a mass‐spectrometric Knudsen‐cell method. Other ternary oxides of group 14–16 elements were not observed in the gas phase. The enthalpies of formation for these oxides were obtained experimentally by means of a mass‐spectrometric Knudsen‐cell method and confirmed theoretically by using quantum chemical (QC) calculations. Appearance potential measurements were conducted for PbTeO3 and Pb2TeO4. The structures of the ternary oxides that represent the minima on the potential‐energy surfaces were found by using QC calculations. The behaviour of the related compounds PbTeO3, X2O3, Pb2Te2O6 and X4O6 in the gas phase has been discussed (for which X = P, As, Sb, Bi).
Preparation of Pillar[5]arene‐Based [2]Rotaxanes from Acyl Chlorides and Amines
Authors: Milev Radian , Lopez‐Pacheco Alberto , Nierengarten Iwona , Trinh Thi Minh Nguyet , Holler Michel , Deschenaux Robert , Nierengarten Jean‐François 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPillar[5]arene‐based [2]rotaxanes have been prepared from the reactions of diacyl chloride reagents with various amine stoppers. The yields of the [2]rotaxanes are sensitive to the reaction conditions (solvent and stoichiometry) as well as to structural and electronic factors. In particular, the nature of the starting amine reagent has a dramatic influence on the yields of [2]rotaxanes; thus, the reaction outcome is not simply related to the binding constant of the diacyl chloride reagent with the pillar[5]arene. Indeed, the differences in the yields must be related to the different affinities for the various monoacylated intermediates. The yields of the [2]rotaxanes are also influenced by several structural factors such as the chain length of the diacyl chloride reagent and the size of the peripheral substituents of the pillar[5]arene building block. Finally, the preparation of [2]rotaxanes from alkyldiamine reagents and acyl chloride stoppers has also been investigated.
Direct determination of methyl parathion insecticide in rice samples by headspace solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: da Silva Darlan Ferreira , Paiva Silva Francisco Eduardo , Silva Fernanda Gabrielle S , Nunes Gilvanda Silva , Badea Mihaela 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe organophosphorus insecticides, especially those based on methyl parathion as active principle, have been used extensively in the protection of rice in Maranhão State, in the north‐east of Brazil. This paper describes the optimisation of a solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) procedure in confined atmosphere (headspace, HS) for the determination of methyl parathion in rice organic samples by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection (GC/MS).RESULTSThe proposed HS‐SPME‐GC/MS method has been shown to be appropriate for direct analysis of the insecticide in polished rice, with satisfactory results for the following parameters: linearity (correlation coefficient 0.9985), sensitivity (LOD and LOQ of 0.026 and 0.078 µg kg−1 respectively), precision (coefficients of variation between 6.1 and 22.4%) and accuracy (recoveries varying from 73.2 to 90.0%). Although the efficiency of the proposed GC/MS does not differ statistically (P < 0.05) from the conventional GC/NPD method, given its low cost, speed and also the fact that a minimum volume of toxic effluent is generated, this method can be considered an on‐line procedure based on green chemistry.CONCLUSIONSThus, the analytical methodology satisfies the minimum requirements for control of residues of such insecticides in rice samples destined for human consumption. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
PBI-05204, a supercritical CO2 extract of Nerium oleander, inhibits growth of human pancreatic cancer via targeting the PI3K/mTOR pathway
Authors: Pan Yong , Rhea Patrea , Tan Lin , Cartwright Carrie , Lee Ho-Jeong , Ravoori Murali K. , Addington Crandell , Gagea Mihai , Kundra Vikas , Kim Sun-Jin , Newman Robert A. , Yang Peiying 
Published: December 2014

SummaryIntroduction Oleandrin, a cardiac glycoside, exerts strong anti-proliferative activity against various human malignancies in in vitro cells. Here, we report the antitumor efficacy of PBI-05204, a supercritical C02 extract of Nerium oleander containing oleandrin, in a human pancreatic cancer Panc-1 orthotopic model. Results While all the control mice exhibited tumors by the end of treatment, only 2 of 8 mice (25 %) treated for 6 weeks with PBI-05204 (40 mg/kg) showed dissectible tumor at the end of the treatment period. The average tumor weight (222.9 ± 116.9 mg) in mice treated with PBI-05204 (20 mg/kg) was significantly reduced from that in controls (920.0 ± 430.0 mg) (p < 0.05). Histopathologic examination of serial sections from each pancreas with no dissectible tumor in the PBI-05204 (40 mg/kg) treated group showed that the pancreatic tissues of 5/6 mice were normal while the remaining mouse had a tumor the largest diameter of which was less than 2.3 mm. In contrast, while gemcitabine alone did not significantly reduce tumor growth, PBI-05204 markedly enhanced the antitumor efficacy of gemcitabine in this particular model. Ki-67 staining was reduced in pancreatic tumors from mice treated with PBI-05204 (20 mg/kg) compared to that of control, suggesting that PBI-05204 inhibited the proliferation of the Panc-1 tumor cells. PBI-05204 suppressed expression of pAkt, pS6, and p4EPB1 in a concentration-dependent manner in both Panc-1 tumor tissues and human pancreatic cancer cell lines, implying that this novel botanical drug exerts its potent antitumor activity, at least in part, through down-regulation of PI3k/Akt and mTOR pathways.
Morita cohomology
Authors: HOLSTEIN JULIAN V. S. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe consider two categorifications of the cohomology of a topological spaceXby taking coefficients in the category of differential graded categories. We consider both derived global sections of a constant presheaf and singular cohomology and find the resulting dg-categories are quasi-equivalent and moreover quasi-equivalent to representations in perfect complexes of chains on the loop space ofX.
Healthy food access for urban food desert residents: examination of the food environment, food purchasing practices, diet and BMI
Authors: Dubowitz Tamara , Zenk Shannon N , Ghosh-Dastidar Bonnie , Cohen Deborah A , Beckman Robin , Hunter Gerald , Steiner Elizabeth D , Collins Rebecca L 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo provide a richer understanding of food access and purchasing practices among US urban food desert residents and their association with diet and BMI.DesignData on food purchasing practices, dietary intake, height and weight from the primary food shopper in randomly selected households (n 1372) were collected. Audits of all neighbourhood food stores (n 24) and the most-frequented stores outside the neighbourhood (n 16) were conducted. Aspects of food access and purchasing practices and relationships among them were examined and tests of their associations with dietary quality and BMI were conducted.SettingTwo low-income, predominantly African-American neighbourhoods with limited access to healthy food in Pittsburgh, PA, USA.SubjectsHousehold food shoppers.ResultsOnly one neighbourhood outlet sold fresh produce; nearly all respondents did major food shopping outside the neighbourhood. Although the nearest full-service supermarket was an average of 2·6 km from their home, respondents shopped an average of 6·0 km from home. The average trip was by car, took approximately 2 h for the round trip, and occurred two to four times per month. Respondents spent approximately $US 37 per person per week on food. Those who made longer trips had access to cars, shopped less often and spent less money per person. Those who travelled further when they shopped had higher BMI, but most residents already shopped where healthy foods were available, and physical distance from full-service supermarkets was unrelated to weight or dietary quality.ConclusionsImproved access to healthy foods is the target of current policies meant to improve health. However, distance to the closest supermarket might not be as important as previously thought, and thus policy and interventions that focus merely on improving access may not be effective.
Redox control of glutamine utilization in cancer
Authors: Alberghina L , Gaglio D 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGlutamine utilization promotes enhanced growth of cancer cells. We propose a new concept map of cancer metabolism in which mitochondrial NADH and NADPH, in the presence of a dysfunctional electron transfer chain, promote reductive carboxylation from glutamine. We also discuss why nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) is required in vivo for glutamine utilization by reductive carboxylation. Moreover, NADPH, generated by both the pentose phosphate pathway and the cancer-specific serine glycolytic diversion, appears to sustain glutamine utilization for amino-acid synthesis, lipid synthesis, and for ROS quenching. The fact that the supply of NAD+ precursors reduces tumor aggressiveness suggests experimental approaches to clarify the role of the NADH-driven redox network in cancer.