bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multi‐Resolution Hybrid Approach for Building Model Reconstruction from Lidar Data
Authors: Satari Mehran , Samadzadegan Farhad , Azizi Ali , Maas Hans‐Gerd 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this paper, a multi‐resolution hybrid approach is proposed for the reconstruction of building models from point clouds of lidar data. The detection of the main roof planes is obtained through a polyhedral approach, whereas the models of appended parts, in this case the dormers, are reconstructed by adopting a model‐driven approach. Clustering of the roof points in a multi‐resolution space is based on the fuzzy c‐mean in the polyhedral section of this hybrid approach. A weighted plane algorithm is developed in order to determine the planes of each cluster. The verification of planes between multi‐resolution spaces adopts a method based on a least squares support vector machine that, in the model‐driven section, is applied for detecting types of projecting structures. A method is then developed to determine the dormer models’ parameters. Finally, the detection of boundary roof lines is obtained through a customised fuzzy Hough transform. The paper outlines the concept of the algorithms and the processing chain, and illustrates the results obtained by applying the technique to buildings of different complexities.
‘...and No Loose People to Trouble the Hall’: Oligarchy and the Division of Space in the English Civic Hall to 1640
Authors: Tittler Robert 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMichael McKeon’s chapter on the subdivision of interior, residential spaces shows how concerns for privacy in domestic life played themselves out in the functional division of interior space amongst all ranks of people. This essay suggests that much of the same process might be observed in the civic realm as well as the domestic, and in civic as well as residential spaces. At least to c. 1640, the spatial division and functional specificity of English town halls reflected the requirements of the ruling oligarchies which had come to govern many such communities. Privacy, secrecy, and the emphasis on civic obedience became prime considerations in the design and utilization of such spaces.
A Spatial Scan Approach to Detecting Focused‐Global Clustering in Case‐Control Data
Authors: Yiannakoulias Nikolaos , Bland Widmer 
Published: September 2012

Clustering of spatial event data around points of interest (such as point‐emitting sources of pollution) can indicate a relationship between the probability of the event's occurrence and the distance from those points of interest. Several focused cluster detection methods have been developed to identify such clustering when it occurs. We present a focused spatial scan cluster detection method for detecting clustering of cases around points of interest in case‐control data. This method has more power to detect clustering than the traditional focused spatial scan method and requires less parameterization than many other alternatives. We test this method with synthetic hot spot and clinal cluster data, and then with real‐world data for motor vehicle collisions involving child pedestrians inToronto,Canada. The method performs reasonably well in comparison with other methods, provides descriptive information about the range of clustering around points of interest, and does not require corrections for multiple testing. Future work will incorporate this approach with methods that search for clusters in non‐circular shapes—such as along water drainage basins and road networks.La aglomeración de eventos espaciales alrededor de puntos de interés (como fuentes de contaminación de emisión de tipo puntual), puede indicar una relación entre la probabilidad de ocurrencia del evento y la distancia de los puntos de interés. Varios métodos de detección de aglomeración enfocada(focus cluster)han sido desarrollados para identificar este tipo de aglomeración cuando esta se produce. Los autores presentan un método de barrido espacial para detección defocus clusterspara identificar la concentración de casos alrededor de los puntos de interés en datos de tipo caso‐control (case‐control data). Este método es más potente para la detección de aglomeraciones que el método tradicional basado en exploración espacial y requiere de menos parámetros que otras técnicas alternativas. El método propuesto es puesto a prueba víahot spotsy datos de aglomeraciones en gradiente (clinal,cluster data) sintéticos y luego con datos reales de accidentes de tráfico de peatones infantiles en Toronto, Canadá. El método funciona razonablemente bien en comparación a otros métodos, proporciona información descriptiva sobre el alcance de la aglomeración alrededor de los puntos de interés, y no requiere correcciones para el problema de pruebas múltiples(multiple testing). En el futuro, los autores planean incorporar este enfoque a métodos que identifican aglomeraciones en formas no circulares‐tal como las áreas a lo largo de las cuencas de drenaje de agua y redes de carreteras.围绕兴趣点的空间事件数据聚类（如点源污染）可表征事件发生概率和与兴趣点距离间的关系。目前已有几种集聚点聚类探测方法用来识别此类事件发生的集聚情况。本文提出了一种聚焦空间扫描聚类方法来探测个例对照数据的兴趣点事件聚类。该方法比传统空间扫描方法具有更强的探测空间聚类的性能，并且所需参数较少。通过综合热点与渐变聚类数据对该方法进行测试，然后将其应用于加拿大多伦多市涉及儿童行人的车辆碰撞数据中。对比实验表明，该方法结果更为合理，并提供了兴趣点周围聚类范围的描述性信息，且不需要对多重检验结果进行修正。下一步研究将与寻找非圆形区域（如排水防水区与道路网络）聚类的分析方法集成。
Loss of Masculine Identity, Marital Affection, and Sexual Bother in Men with Localized Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zaider Talia , Manne Sharon , Nelson Christian , Mulhall John , Kissane David 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most frequent sources of distress after treatment for prostate cancer (PCa), yet evidence suggests that men do not easily adjust to loss of sexual function over time. A hypothesized determinant of men’s adaptation to ED is the degree to which they experience a loss of masculine identity in the aftermath of PCa treatment.

Aims
The aims of this study were (i) to describe the prevalence of concerns related to diminished masculinity among men treated for localized PCa; (ii) to determine whether diminished masculinity is associated with sexual bother, after controlling for sexual functioning status; and (iii) to determine whether men’s marital quality moderates the association between diminished masculinity and sexual bother.

Methods
We analyzed cross-sectional data provided by 75 men with localized PCa who were treated at one of two cancer centers. Data for this study were provided at a baseline assessment as part of their enrollment in a pilot trial of a couple-based intervention.

Main Outcome Measures
The sexual bother subscale from the Prostate Health-Related Quality-of-Life Questionnaire and the Masculine Self-Esteem and Marital Affection subscales from Clark et al’s PCa-related quality-of-life scale.

Results
Approximately one-third of men felt they had lost a dimension of their masculinity following treatment. Diminished masculinity was the only significant, independent predictor of sexual bother, even after accounting for sexual functioning status. The association between diminished masculinity and sexual bother was strongest for men whose spouses perceived low marital affection.

Conclusions
Diminished masculinity is a prominent, yet understudied concern for PCa survivors. Regardless of functional status, men who perceive a loss of masculinity following treatment may be more likely to be distressed by their ED. Furthermore, its impact on adjustment in survivorship may rely on the quality of their intimate relationships.
Contemporary Philosophy of Mind and Buddhist Thought
Authors: Spackman John 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRecent years have seen a growing interest in Buddhist thought as a potential source of alternative conceptions of the nature of the mind and the relation between the mental and the physical. This article considers and assesses three different models of what contemporary philosophy of mind can learn from Buddhist thought. One model, advocated by Alan Wallace, holds that we can learn from Buddhist meditation that both individual consciousness and the physical world itself emerge from a deeper, “primordial” consciousness. A second model, supported by Owen Flanagan, maintains that we should accept from Buddhist thought only what is compatible with physicalism, and thus draws from Buddhism only insights into moral psychology and spirituality. Evan Thompson has developed a third, phenomenological approach, which derives from Buddhism a non‐dualistic account of the relation between the mental and the physical, dissolving the “explanatory gap” between them. I suggest that all of these models face significant challenges, and propose a different model derived from the Buddhist philosopher Nāgārjuna, which shows the potential to resolve some of the challenges facing contemporary theories of consciousness.
Plato on Poetry: Imitation or Inspiration?
Authors: Pappas Nickolas 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA passage in Plato’s Laws (719c) offers a fresh look at Plato’s theory of poetry and art. Only here does Plato call poetry both mimêsis “imitation, representation,” and the product of enthousiasmos “inspiration, possession.” The Republic and Sophist examine poetic imitation; the Ion and Phaedrus (with passages in Apology and Meno) develop a theory of artistic inspiration; but Plato does not confront the two descriptions together outside this paragraph. After all, mimêsis fuels an attack on poetry, while enthousiasmos is sometimes used to attack it, sometimes to praise it. The explanation evidently lies in Plato’s understanding of drama, which in the Laws has grown more precise, from simply the presentation of characters to the presentation of multiple characters engaged in dramatic conflict.
Flexible imaging color enhancement improves visibility of transnasal endoscopic images in diagnosing esophageal varices: A multicenter prospective blinded study
Authors: Furuichi Yoshihiro , Kawai Takashi , Ichimura Shigeki , Metoki Ryo , Miyata Yuki , Oshima Toshihiro , Sano Takatomo , Murashima Eigaku , Taira Junichi , Sugimoto Katsutoshi , Kamamoto Hiroyuki , Imai Yasuharu , Moriyasu Fuminori 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveTo clarify the usefulness of transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscope (N‐EGD) with all flexible imaging color enhancement (FICE) patterns (0–9) for the diagnosis of esophageal varices (EV).MethodsA total of 50 patients with EV were examined during the same period by N‐EGD without sedation and by peroral endoscopy (O‐EGD) with sedation. The visibility of treatment scars, microvessels, recurrent EV and red color sign (RCS) were measured. Visibility was evaluated by five blinded observers (poor–good: 0–10), and the effect of both endoscopic examinations on the cardiorespiratory function of the patients was measured.ResultsThe image scores for O‐EGD and N‐EGD with ordinary mode and N‐EGD with FICE were 7.3 ± 1.2, 6.1 ± 1.0 and 6.9 ± 1.0 for treatment scars; 7.2 ± 1.4, 6.2 ± 1.2 and 7.3 ± 1.0 for microvessels; 7.2 ± 1.2, 6.1 ± 1.0 and 7.1 ± 1.0 for recurrent EV and 7.2 ± 1.3, 6.1 ± 1.3, and 7.2 ± 1.2 for RCS, respectively (intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.6). When FICE patterns 2, 6 and 9 were used, visibility was much improved. Ten minutes after insertion, the double product values in the N‐EGD with the FICE group were significantly better (P < 0.05).ConclusionsN‐EGD with FICE is very useful for the diagnosis of EV and can improve the visibility of N‐EGD on each lesion to the same level as that of O‐EGD. N‐EGD with FICE does not require sedation and may reduce the risk of hepatic encephalopathy.
Do you hear what I hear? Implications of detector selection for acoustic monitoring of bats
Authors: Adams Amanda M. , Jantzen Meredith K. , Hamilton Rachel M. , Fenton Melville Brockett 
Published: September 2012

Summary

The probability of detecting the echolocation calls of bats is affected by the strength of the signal as well as the directionality and frequency response of the acoustic detectors. Regardless of the research question, it is important to quantify variation in recording system performance and its impacts on bat detection results. The purpose of this study was to compare the detection of echolocation calls among five commonly used bat detectors: AnaBat SD2 (Titley Scientific), Avisoft UltraSoundGate 116 CM16/CMPA (Avisoft Bioacoustics), Batcorder 2·0 (ecoObs), Batlogger (Elekon AG) and Song Meter SM2BAT (Wildlife Acoustics).

We used playback of synthetic calls to optimize detection settings for each system. We then played synthetic signals at four frequencies (25, 55, 85 and 115 kHz) at 5‐m intervals (5–40 m) and three angles (0°, 45°, 90°) from the detectors. Finally, we recorded free‐flying bats (Lasiurus cinereus), comparing the number of calls detected by each detector.

Detection was most affected by the frequency dominating the signal and the distance from the source. The effect of angle was less apparent. In the synthetic signal experiment, Avisoft and Batlogger outperformed other detectors, while Batcorder and Song Meter performed similarly. Batlogger performed better than the other detectors at angles off‐centre (45° and 90°). AnaBat detected the fewest signals and none at 85 kHz or 115 kHz. Avisoft detected the most signals. In the free‐flying bat experiment, Batlogger recorded 93% of calls relative to Avisoft, while AnaBat, Batcorder and Song Meter recorded 40–50% of the calls detected by Avisoft.

Numerous factors contribute to variation in data sets from acoustic monitoring; our results demonstrate that choice of detector plays a role in this variation. Differences among detectors make it difficult to compare data sets obtained with different systems. Therefore, the choice of detector should be taken into account in designing studies and considering bat activity levels among studies using different detectors.
Forming a flossing habit: An exploratory study of the psychological determinants of habit formation
Authors: Judah Gaby , Gardner Benjamin , Aunger Robert 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesHabit formation has been proposed as a means to promote maintenance of healthy behaviours, but there have been few investigations into how habits are formed. This exploratory study sought to model determinants of the formation of a dental flossing habit, including placement of the behaviour within the routine (before vs. after tooth‐brushing), past behaviour, prospective memory ability, and motivational factors.Design and MethodAll participants (N = 50) received a motivational intervention designed to initiate behaviour change and habit formation. Half of the participants were instructed to floss before brushing, and half after. Participants subsequently self‐reported flossing behaviour daily and, 4 weeks later, flossing automaticity. Automaticity and flossing frequency were also measured at 8‐month follow‐up.ResultsParticipants with stronger prospective memory ability, higher levels of past behaviour, and a more positive attitude flossed more frequently during the study. Stronger automaticity was predicted by positive attitudes, and increased behaviour frequency during and prior to the study. Those who flossed after brushing (rather than before) tended to form stronger flossing habits and, at 8‐month follow‐up, had stronger habits and flossed more frequently.ConclusionsHabit forming interventions might usefully consider features of everyday routines and how behaviour may be reinforced. Suggestions for further research using more methodologically rigorous designs are offered.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?

The formation of habit – that is, a learnt automatic response to contextual cues – requires initiation of a behaviour and repetition in a constant context. A recent formation study showed variation in habit strength despite equal repetitions, indicating that factors other than repetition may be important in habit development. From studies of routine behaviour, the boundaries between sub‐routines are characterized by different processes than the middle of sub‐routines, suggesting that placement of behaviour within existing routines may affect the likelihood of habit formation.What does this study add?Greater prospective memory ability predicted more frequent dental flossing. Initiating flossing after rather than before tooth‐brushing promoted stronger habits. Positive attitudes impacted directly on habit formation, independent of behaviour repetition.
Perceived stress mediates the relationship between emotional loneliness and sleep quality over time in older adults
Authors: McHugh Joanna E. , Lawlor Brian A. 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveBoth loneliness and poor sleep quality are common occurrences in late life and both are detrimental to physical and mental health. While loneliness may be difficult to intervene upon, there may be correlated factors, which, if alleviated, could mitigate the effects of loneliness and sleep quality on health in late life.DesignA longitudinal, observational study whereby we gathered predictive variables at baseline and dependent variable (sleep) at follow‐up.MethodWe investigated the relationship between loneliness at baseline and sleep quality at follow‐up in a group of 447 older adults attending the clinic for research participation. Loneliness, stress and sleep quality were all measured using self‐report validated psychometric tools.ResultsWe found that loneliness, specifically emotional loneliness, predicted sleep quality at follow‐up, controlling for demographic factors and for sleep quality at baseline. Upon applying mediation methods to the data, we then found that this relationship was mediated in part by perceived stress.ConclusionWe conclude that the impact of emotional loneliness on sleep quality in older adults is partly because of the stress experienced as a result of feeling lonely.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject? Loneliness is associated with poor sleep quality. Perceived stress is also associated with poor sleep quality. Sleep quality is a significant issue among older adults.What does this study add? Emotional loneliness in particular predicts poor sleep quality at follow‐up. This relationship is mediated by perceived stress.
TARP‐associated AMPA receptors display an increased maximum channel conductance and multiple kinetically distinct open states
Authors: Shelley Chris , Farrant Mark , Cull‐Candy Stuart G. 
Published: September 2012

Key points
Signalling of information in the nervous system relies on the activation of specific neurotransmitter receptors.
Here we characterise some of the properties of GluA1 AMPA receptors, whose ion‐permeable channel is opened by the neurotransmitter glutamate.
We found that the individual single‐channel openings exhibit several discrete conductance levels that persist in the presence of saturating glutamate concentrations, and that the presence of modulatory accessory subunits differentially influences the durations of these channel openings.
Our data also indicate that there are at least two kinetically distinguishable stable open states for each conductance level.
These observations place constraints on models of GluA1 function that can be used to relate receptor properties to synaptic function.
Abstract  Fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the CNS is mediated mainly by AMPA‐type glutamate receptors (AMPARs), whose biophysical properties are dramatically modulated by the presence of transmembrane AMPAR regulatory proteins (TARPs). To help construct a kinetic model that will realistically describe native AMPAR/TARP function, we have examined the single‐channel properties of homomeric GluA1 AMPARs in combination with the TARPs, γ‐2, γ‐4 and γ‐5. In a saturating concentration of agonist, each of these AMPAR/TARP combinations gave rise to single‐channel currents with multiple conductance levels that appeared intrinsic to the receptor‐channel complex, and showed long‐lived subconductance states. The open time and burst length distributions of the receptor complexes displayed multiple dwell‐time components. In the case of γ‐2‐ and γ‐4‐associated receptors, these distributions included a long‐lived component lasting tens of milliseconds that was absent from both GluA1 alone and γ‐5‐associated receptors. The open time distributions for each conductance level required two dwell‐time components, indicating that at each conductance level the channel occupies a minimum of two kinetically distinct open states. We have explored how these data place novel constraints on possible kinetic models of TARP‐associated AMPARs that may be used to define AMPAR‐mediated synaptic transmission.
A nonlinear lag correction algorithm for a‐Si flat‐panel x‐ray detectors
Authors: Starman Jared , Star‐Lack Josh , Virshup Gary , Shapiro Edward , Fahrig Rebecca 
Published: September 2012

Purpose:Detector lag, or residual signal, in a‐Si flat‐panel (FP) detectors can cause significant shading artifacts in cone‐beam computed tomography reconstructions. To date, most correction models have assumed a linear, time‐invariant (LTI) model and correct lag by deconvolution with an impulse response function (IRF). However, the lag correction is sensitive to both the exposure intensity and the technique used for determining the IRF. Even when the LTI correction that produces the minimum error is found, residual artifact remains. A new non‐LTI method was developed to take into account the IRF measurement technique and exposure dependencies.Methods:First, a multiexponential (N = 4) LTI model was implemented for lag correction. Next, a non‐LTI lag correction, known as the nonlinear consistent stored charge (NLCSC) method, was developed based on the LTI multiexponential method. It differs from other nonlinear lag correction algorithms in that it maintains a consistent estimate of the amount of charge stored in the FP and it does not require intimate knowledge of the semiconductor parameters specific to the FP. For the NLCSC method, all coefficients of the IRF are functions of exposure intensity. Another nonlinear lag correction method that only used an intensity weighting of the IRF was also compared. The correction algorithms were applied to step‐response projection data and CT acquisitions of a large pelvic phantom and an acrylic head phantom. The authors collected rising and falling edge step‐response data on a Varian 4030CB a‐Si FP detector operating in dynamic gain mode at 15 fps at nine incident exposures (2.0%–92% of the detector saturation exposure). For projection data, 1st and 50th frame lag were measured before and after correction. For the CT reconstructions, five pairs of ROIs were defined and the maximum and mean signal differences within a pair were calculated for the different exposures and step‐response edge techniques.Results:The LTI corrections left residual 1st and 50th frame lag up to 1.4% and 0.48%, while the NLCSC lag correction reduced 1st and 50th frame residual lags to less than 0.29% and 0.0052%. For CT reconstructions, the NLCSC lag correction gave an average error of 11 HU for the pelvic phantom and 3 HU for the head phantom, compared to 14–19 HU and 2–11 HU for the LTI corrections and 15 HU and 9 HU for the intensity weighted non‐LTI algorithm. The maximum ROI error was always smallest for the NLCSC correction. The NLCSC correction was also superior to the intensity weighting algorithm.Conclusions:The NLCSC lag algorithm corrected for the exposure dependence of lag, provided superior image improvement for the pelvic phantom reconstruction, and gave similar results to the best case LTI results for the head phantom. The blurred ring artifact that is left over in the LTI corrections was better removed by the NLCSC correction in all cases.