bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NMR Spectroscopic Studies on the 1:1 Interaction of Tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine with Cinnamic Acids
Authors: Moiseev Dmitry V. , James Brian R. , Gushchin Aleksey V. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA 1:1 reaction of (HOCH2)3P with the cinnamic acids ArCH=CHCO2H (Ar = Ph, o‐ and p‐C6H4OH) in acetone at 60 °C affords a phosphobetaine of the type (HOCH2)3P+CH(Ar)CH2CO2– in 70–80 % yields; the products were characterized by 31P{1H}‐, 1H‐, and 13C{1H}‐NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. In methanol, the compounds decompose partially to a tertiary phosphine of the type (HOCH2)2PCH(Ar)CH2CO2H; the degree of decomposition decreases in the order Ar = o‐C6H4OH > p‐C6H4OH > C6H5. The 1:1 reaction of (HOCH2)3P with cinnamic acid in CD3OD generates (DOCH2)3P+CH(Ph)CH(D)CO2– and (DOCH2)2PCH(Ph)CH(D)CO2D, whereby addition of a deuteron to the α‐C atom is stereospecific and leads to (R,S)‐ and (S,R)‐stereoisomers.
Dopaminergic basis for impairments in functional connectivity across subdivisions of the striatum in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Bell Peter T. , Gilat Moran , O'Callaghan Claire , Copland David A. , Frank Michael J. , Lewis Simon J.G. , Shine James M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease is the degeneration of dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons, leading to depletion of striatal dopamine. Recent neuroanatomical work has identified pathways for communication across striatal subdivisions, suggesting that the striatum provides a platform for integration of information across parallel corticostriatal circuits. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dopaminergic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease was associated with impairments in functional connectivity across striatal subdivisions, which could potentially reflect reduced integration across corticostriatal circuits. Utilizing resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we analyzed functional connectivity in 39 patients with Parkinson's disease, both “on” and “off” their regular dopaminergic medications, along with 40 age‐matched healthy controls. Our results demonstrate widespread impairments in connectivity across subdivisions of the striatum in patients with Parkinson's disease in the “off” state. The administration of dopaminergic medication significantly improved connectivity across striatal subdivisions in Parkinson's disease, implicating dopaminergic deficits in the pathogenesis of impaired striatal interconnectivity. In addition, impaired striatal interconnectivity in the Parkinson's disease “off” state was associated with pathological decoupling of the striatum from the thalamic and sensorimotor (SM) networks. Specifically, we found that although the strength of striatal interconnectivity was positively correlated with both (i) the strength of internal thalamic connectivity, and (ii) the strength of internal SM connectivity, in both healthy controls and the Parkinson's disease “on” state, these relationships were absent in Parkinson's disease when in the “off” state. Taken together our findings emphasize the central role of dopamine in integrated striatal function and the pathological consequences of striatal dopamine denervation in Parkinson's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1278–1291, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Housing Salesperson Performance and the Peer Structure of Competition and Cooperation
Authors: Lee Chun‐Chang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of the individual characteristics of housing salespeople and the branch characteristics of housing agencies on individual performance. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to provide estimations. The sample included 518 surveys with micro‐level observations and 47 surveys with branch‐level observations. The empirical results suggest that individual performance varies significantly from branch to branch and is better in branches with higher levels of compensation for individual performance. Individual performance is also better in branches with requirements for hours worked. Under team compensation schemes, individual performance is not significantly better than that of salespeople in branches without team compensation schemes.
Retrieval of morphine‐associated context induces cFos in dentate gyrus neurons
Authors: Rivera Phillip D. , Raghavan Ramya K. , Yun Sanghee , Latchney Sarah E. , McGovern Mary‐Katherin , García Emily F. , Birnbaum Shari G. , Eisch Amelia J. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTAddiction has been proposed to emerge from associations between the drug and the reward‐associated contexts. This associative learning has a cellular correlate, as there are more cFos+ neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) after psychostimulant conditioned place preference (CPP) versus saline controls. However, it is unknown whether morphine CPP leads to a similar DG activation, or whether DG activation is due to locomotion, handling, pharmacological effects, or—as data from contextual fear learning suggests—exposure to the drug‐associated context. To explore this, we employed an unbiased, counterbalanced, and shortened CPP design that led to place preference and more DG cFos+ cells. Next, mice underwent morphine CPP but were then sequestered into the morphine‐paired (conditioned stimulus+ [CS+]) or saline‐paired (CS−) context on test day. Morphine‐paired mice sequestered to CS+ had ∼30% more DG cFos+ cells than saline‐paired mice. Furthermore, Bregma analysis revealed morphine‐paired mice had more cFos+ cells in CS+ compared to CS− controls. Notably, there was no significant difference in DG cFos+ cell number after handling alone or after receiving morphine in home cage. Thus, retrieval of morphine‐associated context is accompanied by activation of hippocampal DG granule cell neurons. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
P/B Ketene Adduct Formation from Acyl Chlorides at a Vicinal Phosphane/Borane Frustrated Lewis Pair
Authors: Frömel Silke , Radermacher Georg , Wibbeling Birgit , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Warren Timothy H. , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe intramolecular frustrated phosphane/borane Lewis pair Mes2PCH2CH2B(C6F5)2 (3) reacts with acetyl chloride to give a 1 : 1 mixture of the FLP‐ketene adduct, 6a, and the FLP‐HCl addition product, 7. Similarly, the acyl chlorides phenylacetyl chloride and isobutyryl chloride react with 3 to give the respective substituted FLP ketene adducts, 6b and 6c, with HCl elimination. A series of aroyl chlorides reacts with 3 by formation of the respective aroyl‐phosphonium/chloroborate zwitterions, 11a–d. The hetero‐aromatic furoyl chloride reacts with 3 in a more complicated, but mechanistically probably closely related pathway, to form the 2 : 1 reaction product, 14. Most of the products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction.
The Exchange Rate Disconnect Puzzle Revisited
Authors: Bahmani‐Oskooee Mohsen , Hosny Amr , Kishor N. Kundan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA long‐standing puzzle in the international macroeconomic literature has been the weak link between the theoretical foundations of the monetary approach to exchange rate determination and its empirical validity. This paper aims at filling this gap. We use a different econometric methodology; the Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach to cointegration, to show that exchange rates and fundamentals move together in the long‐run, thus providing support to the monetary model. We also show that fundamentals Granger cause exchange rates, both in the short‐run and the long‐run. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of Small‐Scale Water Management Interventions on Crop Yield, Water Use and Productivity in Three Agro‐Ecologies of Malawi
Authors: Kadyampakeni Davie M. , Kazombo‐Phiri Samson , Mati Bancy , Fandika Isaac R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAgricultural water management interventions play a critical role in mitigating hunger during droughts and dry seasons in southern Africa. A study was conducted in Malawi to compare the performance of improved agricultural water management interventions with traditional water management practices to assess the performance of the interventions on crop yield and water use. The study used questionnaires and focused group discussions to collect data from farmers and key informants. The results showed significant gains using regulated surface irrigation compared with unregulated surface irrigation. The results showed that yield increases of 33 and 37% for onion and tomato respectively were obtained from wetland seepage irrigation compared with upland cultivation. Treadle pump irrigation increased crop production by 5–54% compared with water can irrigation. Treadle pumps also increased gross and net incomes by ≥12%, suggesting that farmers using the treadle pump were able to realize higher incomes across all crop enterprises compared with farmers using water cans. However, there is a dire need to improve the efficiency of the surface irrigation systems for rice production because the water applied was about two to three times the gross irrigation requirement which could result in environmental degradation through increased salinity and waterlogging. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of antidepressants and the risk of chronic atrial fibrillation
Authors: Lapi Franco , Azoulay Laurent , Kezouh Abbas , Benisty Jacques , Matok Ilan , Mugelli Alessandro , Suissa Samy 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSerotonin stimulation of the 5HT4 receptor might be responsible for an increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Thus, we assessed whether the use of antidepressants (ADs) is associated with an increased risk of chronic AF (cAF). Using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, a nested case‐control analysis was conducted within a cohort of new AD users having a diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety. Cases of cAF occurring during follow‐up were individually matched with up to 10 controls on age, sex, year of cohort entry, and duration of follow‐up. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of cAF associated with current and recent use of ADs, when compared to past use. The cohort included 116,125 new AD users, of whom 1,271 were diagnosed with cAF during follow‐up (incidence rate: 1.6 per 1,000 person‐years). The adjusted RR of cAF associated with current and recent use of ADs was 0.98 (95%CI: 0.86–1.12) and 1.02 (95%CI: 0.86–1.30), respectively. No association was observed when ADs were classified according to their potency in reducing serotonin reuptake. These findings suggest that exposure to ADs is not associated with an increased risk of cAF.
Localization of dislocation‐related luminescence centers in self‐ion implanted silicon and effect of additional boron ion doping
Authors: Tetelbaum D. I. , Mikhaylov A. N. , Belov A. I. , Korolev D. S. , Shushunov A. N. , Bobrov A. I. , Pavlov D. A. , Shek E. I. , Sobolev N. A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe depth distribution of light‐emitting centers of the D1 dislocation‐related photoluminescence line (∼ 1.5 μm) in silicon implanted with Si+ ions and annealed at 1100 °C in the oxidizing chlorine‐containing atmosphere has been investigated by means of the layer‐by‐layer chemical etching. It is established with the application of cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy that the main contribution to the D1 line is made by the centers located at the depths of up to ∼ 150 nm, i.e. in the region of Si+ ion ranges, whereas the dislocations produced by Si+ implantation and annealing at 1100 °C penetrate to the depth of ∼ 1000 nm. Additional boron ion doping with subsequent annealing at 800 °C in N2 atmosphere improves the emission in comparison with the undoped but annealed reference sample, however the additional annealing at 800 °C per se results in the photoluminescence weakening. The dependence of the D1 line intensity on boron ion dose is found to be nonmonotonous. The interpretation of the obtained results is given in relation to the key role of selfinterstitials and boron impurity in the formation of radiative and nonradiative centers. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Robust quantized output feedback control for uncertain discrete time‐delay systems with saturation nonlinearity
Authors: Song Gongfei , Lam James , Xu Shengyuan 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThis paper is concerned with robust quantized output feedback control problems for uncertain discrete‐time systems with time‐varying delay and saturation nonlinearity. It is assumed that the quantizer is of the saturating type. A new framework for the local boundedness stabilization of quantized feedback systems is developed. Attention is focused on finding a quantized static output feedback controller such that all trajectories of the resulting closed‐loop system starting from an admissible initial basin converge to a bounded region strictly within the initial basin. A quantized feedback controller is proposed, which comprises output feedback and the exogenous signal parts. Simulation examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequent neurally mediated reflex syncope in a young patient with dextrocardia: Efficacy of catheter ablation of the superior vena cava–aorta ganglionated plexus
Authors: Suenaga Hidetaka , Murakami Masato , Tani Tomoyuki , Saito Shigeru 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNeurally mediated reflex syncope is the most common cause of syncope in young individuals without cardiac or neurological pathology. We report a case of successful catheter ablation in a 17‐year‐old male with neurally mediated syncope (NMS) of the cardioinhibitory type. The patient had dextrocardia situs inversus totalis with a mirror‐image reversal of the thoracic and abdominal organs. Because he experienced multiple syncope episodes despite pharmacological intervention, we performed endocardial ablation of the superior vena cava–aorta ganglionated plexus. Shortly afterwards, his heart rate increased from 40 to 76 beats per minutes. He has not experienced syncope during the 1‐year follow‐up.
TEM surveys for search of taliks in areas of strong fast-decaying IP effects
Authors: Kozhevnikov N.O. , Antonov E.Yu. , Zakharkin A.K. , Korsakov M.A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Lenses of water-saturated unfrozen rocks (taliks) in permafrost are important sources of freshwater in high-latitude regions. Taliks stand out against the host frozen rocks in much lower resistivity and thus are detectable by resistivity surveys. TEM soundings are especially efficient in this application as they can go without galvanic grounding, have small offsets, and are sensitive to buried conductors. Early-time TEM data in the Taz area of the Yamal-Nenets district bear strong effects of fast-decaying inductively induced polarization (IIP), which rules out the use of nonpolarizable earth assumption for their interpretation. The TEM responses are inverted by means of the TEM-IP software using the model of a polarizable earth with Cole–Cole complex frequency-dependent conductivity. The resulting earth model mainly includes three layers, with a 100 to 250 m thick highly resistive polarizable upper layer. The polarization parameters of the layer (chargeability, time constant and exponent) are typical of frozen sedimentary rocks, while the presence of a talik reduces notably the effective resistivity and chargeability. This feature can be used as a guide to taliks, as it was confirmed by TEM surveys and subsequent drilling.
The dynamics of the pain system is intact in patients with knee osteoarthritis: An exploratory experimental study
Authors: Jørgensen Tanja Schjødt , Henriksen Marius , Rosager Sara , Klokker Louise , Ellegaard Karen , Danneskiold-Samsøe Bente , Bliddal Henning , Graven-Nielsen Thomas 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background and aims
Despite the high prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) it remains one of the most frequent knee disorders without a cure. Pain and disability are prominent clinical features of knee OA. Knee OA pain is typically localized but can also be referred to the thigh or lower leg. Widespread hyperalgesia has been found in knee OA patients. In addition, patients with hyperalgesia in the OA knee joint show increased pain summation scores upon repetitive stimulation of the OA knee suggesting the involvement of facilitated central mechanisms in knee OA. The dynamics of the pain system (i.e., the adaptive responses to pain) has been widely studied, but mainly from experiments on healthy subjects, whereas less is known about the dynamics of the pain system in chronic pain patients, where the pain system has been activated for a long time. The aim of this study was to assess the dynamics of the nociceptive system quantitatively in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients before and after induction of experimental knee pain.

Methods
Ten knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients participated in this randomized crossover trial. Each subject was tested on two days separated by 1 week. The most affected knee was exposed to experimental pain or control, in a randomized sequence, by injection of hypertonic saline into the infrapatellar fat pad and a control injection of isotonic saline. Pain areas were assessed by drawings on anatomical maps. Pressure pain thresholds (PPT) at the knee, thigh, lower leg, and arm were assessed before, during, and after the experimental pain and control conditions. Likewise, temporal summation of pressure pain on the knee, thigh and lower leg muscles was assessed.

Results
Experimental knee pain decreased the PPTs at the knee (P <0.01) and facilitated the temporal summation on the knee and adjacent muscles (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found at the control site (the contralateral arm) (P =0.77). Further, the experimental knee pain revealed overall higher VAS scores (facilitated temporal summation of pain) at the knee (P < 0.003) and adjacent muscles (P < 0.0001) compared with the control condition. The experimental knee pain areas were larger compared with the OA knee pain areas before the injection.

Conclusions
Acute experimental knee pain induced in patients with knee OA caused hyperalgesia and facilitated temporal summation of pain at the knee and surrounding muscles, illustrating that the pain system in individuals with knee OA can be affected even after many years of nociceptive input. This study indicates that the adaptability in the pain system is intact in patients with knee OA, which opens for opportunities to prevent development of centralized pain syndromes.
A NOTE ON NATURALLY ORDERED SEMIGROUPS OF TRANSFORMATIONS WITH INVARIANT SET
Authors: SUN LEI , SUN JUNLING 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this short note, we describe all the elements in the semigroup $$\begin{eqnarray}S(X,Y)=\{f\in {\mathcal{T}}_{X}:f(Y)\subseteq Y\}\end{eqnarray}$$ which are left compatible with respect to the so-called natural partial order. This result corrects an error in a paper by Sun and Wang [‘Natural partial order in semigroups of transformations with invariant set’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.87 (2013), 94–107].
Do negative symptoms of schizophrenia change over time? A meta-analysis of longitudinal data
Authors: Savill M. , Banks C. , Khanom H. , Priebe S. 
Published: November 2014

Background.Negative symptoms are a core component of schizophrenia which can severely impact quality of life and functional outcomes. These symptoms are understood to be highly stable but this has not been tested in a meta-analysis, despite the wealth of longitudinal data available.Method.A systematic review of the literature was conducted, with eligible studies pooled into a random-effects meta-analysis. Planned meta-regressions were conducted to evaluate the impact of factors known to induce secondary negative symptoms, in addition to other possible sources of heterogeneity.Results.The main analysis included 89 samples from 41 studies, totalling 5944 participants. Negative symptoms were found to significantly reduce in all treatment interventions, including in placebo and treatment as usual conditions, with a medium effect size (ES) present across all study conditions (ES = 0.66, 95% confidence interval 0.56–0.77,I2= 94.0%). In a multivariate meta-regression, only the type of scale used was found to significantly influence negative symptom change. No difference in outcome was found between studies that excluded patients with a high level of positive or depressive symptoms, compared to those that did not.Conclusions.Negative symptoms were found to reduce in almost all schizophrenia outpatient samples. A reduction was found across all conditions, with effect sizes ranging from small to large depending upon the condition type. These findings challenge the convention that negative symptoms are highly stable and suggest that they may improve to a greater extent than what has previously been assumed.
Legends and liturgy in the Old English prose Andreas
Authors: Friesen Bill 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article examines liturgical language and motifs potentially interwoven with the Old English prose account of ‘St Andrew amongst the Cannibals’, located in Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 198. The article traces in detail the possible parallels between the liturgy of the Mass and the language of the account, and then considers explanations for liturgical elements in the saintly legend and what this may contribute to our aesthetic understanding of that account.
SYNTHESIS OF EVIDENCE FOR REIMBURSEMENT DECISIONS: A BAYESIAN REANALYSIS
Authors: Woertman Willem , Sluiter Rene , van der Wilt Gert Jan 
Published: November 2014

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare Bayesian methods with the standard methods that are used for evidence-based policy making.Methods: We performed a Bayesian reanalysis of the data underlying a reimbursement advice by the Dutch National Health Insurance Board (CVZ) regarding the anti-diabetic drug exenatide (an alternative to insulin). We synthesized evidence from various sources that was available when the CVZ advice was drafted: expert opinion (as elicited from internists), experimental data (from direct comparison studies), and observational data. Subsequently, the original frequentist results and the results from the Bayesian reanalysis were compared in terms of outcomes and interpretations. These results were presented in a meeting with staff from CVZ, whose opinions about the usefulness of a Bayesian approach were assessed using a questionnaire.Results: The Bayesian approach yields outcomes that summarize different pieces of evidence, which would have been difficult to obtain otherwise. Moreover, there are conceptual differences, and the Bayesian approach allows for determining probabilities of clinically relevant differences. The staff at CVZ were fairly positive with respect to the use of Bayesian methods, although practical barriers were also seen as important.Conclusions: The Bayesian outcomes are different and could be more suited to the informational needs of policy makers. The response from staff at CVZ provides some support for this statement, but more research at the interface of science and policy is needed.