bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in Registered Nurse Employment Plans and Workplace Assessments
Authors: Friese Christopher R. , Medvec Barbara R. , Marriott Deanna J. , Khadr Lara , Rurka Wade Marissa , Riba Melissa , Titler Marita G. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceThe US registered nurse (RN) workforce is in flux, with high rates of burnout, intention to leave, and vacancies. Rapid, repeated assessments of the nursing workforce can help hospital executives and policymakers enact effective recruitment and retention strategies.ObjectiveTo identify changes in practicing RNs’ employment plans and workplace assessments between the 2022 and 2023 surveys.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis survey study compared data collected from the Michigan Nurses’ Study at 2 time points: February 22 to March 1, 2022, and May 17 to June 1, 2023. Practicing RNs with an active, unrestricted license in Michigan and a valid individual email address were included.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe primary outcome was nurses’ intention to leave their current position within 1 year. In the 2023 survey, nurses who planned to leave were queried on their next career step and the primary reason for their planned departure. Workplace assessments included questions about abusive or violent workplace events, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, the practice environment’s delivery of high-quality care, and the clinical setting’s safety rating. Regression analysis was used to examine workplace assessments and personal factors associated with planned departures.ResultsThis study obtained data on 9150 nurses (6495 females [71.0%]) and 7059 nurses (5134 females [72.7%]) responding to the 2022 (response rate, 8.3%) and 2023 (response rate, 7.4%) surveys, respectively. In the 2023 survey, 32.0% (2259) of nurses planned to leave their position, compared with 39.1% (3576) in the 2022 survey. Of these nurses, 957 (41.8%) planned to leave their current employer but remain in nursing, with workloads as the most frequently cited reason (29.4% [672]). Compared with the 2022 cohort, nurses in the 2023 sample reported less workplace abuse or violence (4591 [50.2%] vs 3063 [43.4%]; P &amp;lt; .001), fewer understaffed shifts (4407 [48.2%] vs 2898 [41.0%]; P &amp;lt; .001), and less frequent use of mandatory overtime (1709 [18.7%] vs 824 [11.7%]; P &amp;lt; .001). Factors associated with increased likelihood for planned departures included workplace abuse or violence (odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05-1.82) and higher emotional exhaustion scores (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 2.38-3.91). Favorable practice environments (OR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.22-0.62) and excellent clinical setting safety ratings (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.14-0.56) were associated with lower likelihood of planned departure.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this study showed that nurses reported improved workplace conditions in the 2023 vs the 2022 survey; however, planned departure rates, abusive or violent events, and unsafe conditions remained high, and understaffing remained a primary concern for most nurses. Health system leaders and policymakers should prioritize initiatives that support nurse retention and reduce potential workforce instability.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Cardiovascular Disease Risk, and Mortality in China
Authors: Chen Liang , Chen Shi , Bai Xueke , Su Mingming , He Linkang , Li Guangyu , He Guangda , Yang Yang , Zhang Xiaoyan , Cui Jianlan , Xu Wei , Song Lijuan , Yang Hao , He Wenyan , Zhang Yan , Li Xi , Hu Shengshou 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceLimited evidence supports the association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and mortality across different atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk stratifications.ObjectiveTo explore the associations between LDL-C levels and mortality and to identify the optimal ranges of LDL-C with the lowest risk of mortality in populations with diverse ASCVD risk profiles.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe ChinaHEART project is a prospective cohort study that recruited residents aged 35 to 75 years from 31 provinces in mainland China between November 2014 and December 2022. Participants were categorized into low-risk, primary prevention, and secondary prevention cohorts on the basis of their medical history and ASCVD risk. Data analysis was performed from December 2022 to October 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary end point was all-cause mortality, and secondary end points included cause-specific mortality. Mortality data were collected from the National Mortality Surveillance System and Vital Registration. The association between LDL-C levels and mortality was assessed by using Cox proportional hazard regression models with various adjusted variables.ResultsA total of 4 379 252 individuals were recruited, and 3 789 025 (2 271 699 women [60.0%]; mean [SD] age, 56.1 [10.0] years) were included in the current study. The median (IQR) LDL-C concentration was 93.1 (70.9-117.3) mg/dL overall at baseline. During a median (IQR) follow-up of 4.6 (3.1-5.8) years, 92 888 deaths were recorded, including 38 627 cardiovascular deaths. The association between LDL-C concentration and all-cause or cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality was U-shaped in both the low-risk cohort (2 838 354 participants) and the primary prevention cohort (829 567 participants), whereas it was J-shaped in the secondary prevention cohort (121 104 participants). The LDL-C levels corresponding to the lowest CVD mortality were 117.8 mg/dL in the low-risk group, 106.0 mg/dL in the primary prevention cohort, and 55.8 mg/dL in the secondary prevention cohort. The LDL-C concentration associated with the lowest all-cause mortality (90.9 mg/dL vs 117.0 mg/dL) and CVD mortality (87 mg/dL vs 114.6 mg/dL) were both lower in individuals with diabetes than in individuals without diabetes in the overall cohort.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that the association between LDL-C and mortality varied among different ASCVD risk cohorts, suggesting that stricter lipid control targets may be needed for individuals with higher ASCVD risk and those with diabetes.
Neoadjuvant Exercise Therapy in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Jones Lee W. , Moskowitz Chaya S. , Lee Catherine P. , Fickera Gina A. , Chun Su S. , Michalski Meghan G. , Stoeckel Kurtis , Underwood Whitney P. , Lavery Jessica A. , Bhanot Umeshkumar , Linkov Irina , Dang Chau T. , Ehdaie Behfar , Laudone Vincent P. , Eastham James A. , Collins Anne , Sheerin Patricia T. , Liu Lydia Y. , Eng Stefan E. , Boutros Paul C. 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceObservational data have shown that postdiagnosis exercise is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer death. The feasibility and tumor biological activity of exercise therapy is not known.ObjectiveTo identify recommended phase 2 dose of exercise therapy for patients with prostate cancer.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis single-center, phase 1a dose-finding trial was conducted at a tertiary cancer center using a patientcentric, decentralized platform and included 53 inactive men with treatment-naive localized prostate cancer scheduled to undergo surgical resection between June 2019 and January 2023. Data were analyzed in June 2024.InterventionSix escalated exercise therapy dose levels ranging from 90 to 450 minutes per week of individualized, moderate-intensity treadmill walking, allocated using adaptive continual reassessment. All exercise therapy sessions were conducted remotely with real-time monitoring.Main Outcomes and MeasuresFeasibility was evaluated by relative exercise dose intensity (REDI). A dose level was considered feasible if 70% or more of patients achieved an REDI of 75% or greater. Activity end points were changes in tumor cell proliferation (Ki67) and plasma prostate-specific antigen levels between pretreatment and postintervention. Safety and changes in patient physiology were also assessed.ResultsA total of 53 men were enrolled (median [IQR] age, 61 [56-66] years). All dose levels were feasible (≥75% REDI). The mean (95% CI) changes in Ki67 were 5.0% (–4.3% to 14.0%) for 90 minutes per week, 2.4% (–1.3% to 6.2%) for 150 minutes per week, –1.3% (–5.8% to 3.3%) for 225 minutes per week, –0.2% (–4.0% to 3.7%) for 300 minutes per week, –2.6% (–9.2% to 4.1%) for 375 minutes per week, and 2.2% (−0.8% to 5.1%) for 450 minutes per week. Changes in prostate-specific antigen levels were 1.0 ng/mL (–1.8 to 3.8) for 90 minutes per week, 0.2 ng/mL (–1.1 to 1.5) for 150 minutes per week, –0.5 ng/mL (–1.2 to 0.3) for 225 minutes per week, –0.2 (–1.7 to 1.3) for 300 minutes per week, –0.7 ng/mL (–1.7 to 0.4) for 375 minutes per week, and –0.9 ng/mL (–2.4 to 0.7) for 450 minutes per week. No serious adverse events were observed. Overall, 225 minutes per week (approximately 45 minutes per treatment at 5 times weekly) was selected as the recommended phase 2 dose.Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this nonrandomized clinical trial suggest that neoadjuvant exercise therapy is feasible and safe with promising activity in localized prostate cancer.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03813615
The Rise of HgTe Colloidal Quantum Dots for Infrared Optoelectronics
Authors: Sergeeva Kseniia A. , Zhang Huichen , Portniagin Arsenii S. , Bossavit Erwan , Mu Ge , Kershaw Stephen V. , Ithurria Sandrine , Guyot‐Sionnest Philippe , Keuleyan Sean , Delerue Christophe , Tang Xin , Rogach Andrey L. , Lhuillier Emmanuel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmong materials produced as colloidal quantum dots (CQDs), HgTe has a special status being the only material covering the whole infrared range from the visible to the THz (0.7–100 µm). This unique property resulting from its electronic structure, combined with an air stability and a capacity for charge conduction has generated consistent and massive efforts to produce and improve HgTe CQDs over the past two decades. Meanwhile, HgTe CQDs offer an infrared platform more advanced than any other colloidal alternatives in the mid‐wave infrared regarding their integration into advanced photonic and optoelectronic applications. Here, the latest developments of HgTe CQDs relative to the material's growth, electron structure modelling, its integration into photonic structures and its transfer as the active material from single element devices toward complex sensors and infrared imagers are reviewed. Finally, a discussion about the potential of this material for industry, rising new challenges beyond economical and production considerations at low technological readiness level, relative to the material and device design, is also included.
Janus Grotthuss‐Vehicle Mechanism Enhances Fast OH− Transport for Ultralong Lifetime Flexible Zinc–Air Battery
Authors: Yang Hao , Sun Xiaohong , Li Xueyan , Liu Qingju , Hu Wanbiao , Zhang Longzhou 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe flexible zinc–air battery has garnered ever‐growing attentions in the current decade taking advantages of the high efficiency, environmentally friendliness, and safety features. However, the sluggish ion transport and poor mechanical property hinder its realistic and mass application. To address these challenges, this study proposes a Janus strategy which combines the Grotthuss and Vehicle mechanism for OH− transport in the gel by assembling the dual network gel with LDH (layer double hydroxides) in the gel's pores. The gel can sustain 530% strain and 0.19 MPa stress without significant plastic deformation and the as‐prepared battery exhibits the high ionic conductivity as 145.93 mS cm−1 and long lifetime over 160 h. The further simulation reveals that the Grotthuss mechanism plays the determine role in the ion transport, contributing to the fast OH− transport and highly efficient flexible zinc–air battery.
Efficient and Reliable Wireless Power Transfer Stent Rectenna System for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surveillance
Authors: Abdin Zain Ul , Basir Abdul , Shah Syed Ahson Ali , Shah Izaz Ali , Cho Youngdae , Yoo Hyoungsuk 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study presents an innovative wirelessly powered stent rectenna system for endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), targeting abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) treatment. The system includes an on‐body flexible transmitter (Tx) antenna and an in‐body rectifier‐integrated stent receiver (Rx) antenna, operating in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band of 868 MHz. The Rx stent antenna, made from a biocompatible nylon‐coated metallic wire, ensures mechanical stretchability, biocompatibility, and precise current distribution. The flexible Tx antenna is designed for wearable use. A miniaturized rectifier on flexible polyimide, coated with biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane, converts received power into DC energy. The EVAR stent system's performance is validated through measurements using a saline‐filled American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) phantom. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatibility studies using Sim4Life simulations assess potential heating and image artifacts, confirming the proposed stent's MRI suitability. Wireless power transfer experiments demonstrate reliable power delivery to the Rx in various real‐world scenarios, achieving a power transfer efficiency of 3.6% at 18 cm inside the phantom. The flexible rectifier shows a peak efficiency of 87% at 15 dBm input power. The proposed system's exceptional performance and efficiency highlight its potential for effectively wirelessly powering advanced AAA stents.
Electro‐Responsive Nanotherapeutics for Tumor Therapy by Manipulating Accidental and Regulated Cell Death Pathway
Authors: Qu Chang , Shao Xinyue , Li Yuling , Jia Ran , Wang Jinping , An Hailong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the development of electro‐responsive nanomaterials has attracted significant attention in the field of cancer therapy. By incorporating these smart nanomaterials into therapeutic approaches, researchers explored many novel strategies to selectively induce cell death in tumor tissues while minimizing damage to healthy cells. This comprehensive review highlights the current state of research on electro‐responsive nanomaterials and their ability to manipulate accidental and regulated cell death for effective tumor therapy. The scope includes the biomechanisms of electro‐responsive nanotherapeutics inducing tumor cell death and their various detailed applications in cancer treatments. The review is concluded with deliberations on the key challenges and future outlooks of electro‐responsive nanotherapeutics for tumor therapy.
Carbon Dots: A Review with Focus on Sustainability
Authors: Ren Junkai , Opoku Henry , Tang Shi , Edman Ludvig , Wang Jia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) are an emerging class of nanomaterials with attractive optical properties, which promise to enable a variety of applications. An important and timely question is whether CDs can become a functional and sustainable alternative to incumbent optical nanomaterials, notably inorganic quantum dots. Herein, the current CD literature is comprehensively reviewed as regards to their synthesis and function, with a focus on sustainability aspects. The study quantifies why it is attractive that CDs can be synthesized with biomass as the sole starting material and be free from toxic and precious metals and critical raw materials. It further describes and analyzes employed pretreatment, chemical‐conversion, purification, and processing procedures, and highlights current issues with the usage of solvents, the energy and material efficiency, and the safety and waste management. It is specially shown that many reported synthesis and processing methods are concerningly wasteful with the utilization of non‐sustainable solvents and energy. It is finally recommended that future studies should explicitly consider and discuss the environmental influence of the selected starting material, solvents, and generated byproducts, and that quantitative information on the required amounts of solvents, consumables, and energy should be provided to enable an evaluation of the presented methods in an upscaled sustainability context.
Unlocking Performance: The Transformative Influence of Single Atom Catalysts on Advanced Lithium‐Sulfur Battery Design
Authors: Maiti Sandip , Curnan Matthew T. , Kim Keonwoo , Maiti Kakali , Kim Jin Kon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTheoretically, lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries are highly promising candidates for renewable energy applications, given their scalable energy density and low cost. However, their current practical performance is limited below theoretical expectations, despite attempts to accommodate volumetric expansion and improve electrical conductivity with porous S‐anchoring supports. Battery performance is primarily rate‐limited by the sluggish redox and conversion reaction kinetics of lithium polysulfides (LiPS), which respectively transform into lithium sulfide (Li2S) and elemental S through charging and discharging galvanostatic cycles. Given their strong electrocatalytic performance and other pertinent benefits, recent research highlights single‐atom catalysts (SACs) as candidates for enhancing Li‐S batteries. Thus, this review summarizes contemporary advancements regarding SAC implementation in Li‐S batteries, primarily emphasizing catalyst morphology, battery performance, and mechanistic elucidation. More specifically, separators and cathodes can be engineered via SACs to better anchor LiPS and improve their reductive kinetics, thereby inhibiting the “shuttle effect” known to impact Li‐S batteries. In addition, SACs can be modulated with functional groups to synergistically improve performance, enabling higher S loadings and redistributing transferred charge. Overall, SACs conspicuously boost Li‐S battery performance, justifying further research toward their implementation in Li‐S batteries.
Dual–Acceptor Engineering in Pyrene‐Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Liu Nengyi , Xie Shuailei , Huang Yuxing , Lu Jiaping , Shi Hongjie , Xu Shumeng , Zhang Guigang , Chen Xiong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe integration of electron donor (D) and acceptor (A) units into covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has received increasing interest due to its potential for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution from water. Nevertheless, the advancement of D–A COFs is still constrained by the limited investigations on acceptor engineering, which enables the highly effective charge transfer pathways in COFs to deliver photoexcited electrons in a preferential orientation to enhance photocatalytic performance. Herein, two systems with D–A and D–A–A configurations based on the acceptor molecular engineering strategy are proposed to construct three distinct COFs. Specifically, TAPPy‐DBTDP‐COF merging one pyrene‐based donor and two benzothiadiazole acceptors realized an average H2 evolution rate of 12.7 mmol h−1 g−1 under visible light, among the highest ever reported for typical D–A‐type COF systems. The combination of experimental and theoretical analysis signifies the crucial role of the dual‐acceptor arrangement in promoting exciton dissociation and carrier migration. These findings underscore the significant potential of D–A–A structural design, which is conducive to the efficient separation of photoexcited electrons and holes resulting in superior photocatalytic activities.
Evolution of Lithium Metal Anode Along Cycling in Working Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Bi Chen‐Xi , Zhu Yu‐Jie , Li Zheng , Zhao Meng , Zhang Xue‐Qiang , Li Bo‐Quan , Huang Jia‐Qi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe cycling lifespan of high‐energy‐density lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is dominantly limited by the rapid failure of Li metal anodes. Herein, the evolution of Li metal anode along cycling is systematically investigated in Li–S batteries to clarify the Li plating and stripping behaviors, the generation and accumulation of inactive Li, and the failure mechanism of Li metal anodes. Concretely, plated Li strips preferentially than bulk Li to leave massive stripping Li shells during initial discharge, and the stripping Li shells are refilled by plated Li during the subsequent charge to generate thick Li dendrites. During the following cycles, inactive Li generates and accumulates on top of bulk Li due to solid electrolyte interphase formation and incomplete removal of plated Li. Eventually, the accumulation of inactive Li hinders the diffusion of Li ions through the inactive Li layer to induce cell polarization at the end of the second discharge plateau and rapid decay of discharge capacity. This work elucidates the detailed evolution mechanism of Li metal anode along cycling in working Li–S batteries and highlights the reactivation of inactive Li as an effective strategy to prolong the cycling lifespan of Li–S batteries.
Estimates of late Early Cretaceous atmospheric CO2 from Mongolia based on stomatal and isotopic analysis of Pseudotorellia
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqing , Royer Dana L. , Shi Gongle , Ichinnorov Niiden , Herendeen Patrick S. , Crane Peter R. , Herrera Fabiany 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPremiseThe Aptian–Albian (121.4–100.5 Ma) was a greenhouse period with global temperatures estimated as 10–15°C warmer than pre‐industrial conditions, so it is surprising that the most reliable CO2 estimates from this time are <1400 ppm. This low CO2 during a warm period implies a very high Earth‐system sensitivity in the range of 6 to 9°C per CO2 doubling between the Aptian‐Albian and today.MethodsWe applied a well‐vetted paleo‐CO2 proxy based on leaf gas‐exchange principles (Franks model) to two Pseudotorellia species from three stratigraphically similar samples at the Tevshiin Govi lignite mine in central Mongolia (~119.7–100.5 Ma).ResultsOur median estimated CO2 concentration from the three respective samples was 2132, 2405, and 2770 ppm. The primary reason for the high estimated CO2 but with relatively large uncertainties is the very low stomatal density in both species, where small variations propagate to large changes in estimated CO2. Indeed, we found that at least 15 leaves are required before the aggregate estimated CO2 approaches that of the full data set.ConclusionsOur three CO2 estimates all exceeded 2000 ppm, translating to an Earth‐system sensitivity (~3–5°C/CO2 doubling) that is more in keeping with the current understanding of the long‐term climate system. Because of our large sample size, the directly measured inputs did not contribute much to the overall uncertainty in estimated CO2; instead, the inferred inputs were responsible for most of the overall uncertainty and thus should be scrutinized for their value choices.