bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reducing Unplanned Extubations in the NICU
Authors: Merkel Lori , Beers Kimberly , Lewis Mary M. , Stauffer Joy , Mujsce Dennis J. , Kresch Mitchell J. 
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Unplanned extubation can be a significant event that places the patient at risk for adverse events. Our goal was to reduce unplanned extubations to &lt;1 unplanned extubation per 100 patient-intubated days.

METHODS:
All unplanned extubations in the NICU beginning in October 2009 were audited. Data collected included time of day, patient weight, and patient care activity at the time of the event. Bundles of potentially better practices were implemented in sequential Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. Rates of unplanned extubation (number per patient-intubated day) for each month were analyzed by using control charts, and causes of unplanned extubation were analyzed by using Pareto charts.

RESULTS:
We found a significant decrease in the unplanned extubation rate after implementation of the first bundle of potentially better practices in May 2010 (2.38 to 0.41 per 100 patient-intubated days). Several more Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles were conducted to sustain this improvement. A persistent reduction in the unplanned extubation rate (0.58 per 100 patient-intubated days) began in February 2013. Causes included dislodgement during care and procedures and variation in the fixation of the endotracheal tube. The majority of events occurred in very low birth weight infants during the daytime shift.

CONCLUSIONS:
Unplanned extubations in the NICU can be reduced by education of staff and by implementing standard practices of care. Sustainability of any practice change to improve quality is critically dependent on culture change within the NICU. We suggest that the benchmark for unplanned extubation should be a rate &lt;1 per 100 patient-intubated days.
Patient- and Family-Centered Care Coordination: A Framework for Integrating Care for Children and Youth Across Multiple Systems
Authors:   COUNCIL ON CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES and MEDICAL HOME IMPLEMENTATION PROJECT ADVISORY COMMITTEE, Turchi Renee M. , Antonelli Richard C. , Norwood Kenneth W. , Adams Richard C. , Brei Timothy J. , Burke Robert T. , Davis Beth Ellen , Friedman Sandra L. , Houtrow Amy J. , Kuo Dennis Z. , Levy Susan E. , Wiley Susan E. , Kalichman Miriam A. , Murphy Nancy A. , Cooley W. Carl , Jeung Joan , Johnson Beverly , Klitzner Thomas S. , Lail Jennifer L. , Lindeke Linda L. , Mullins Amy , Partridge Lee , Schwab William , Stille Christopher , Waldron Debra , Wells Nora , Sia Calvin 
Published: April 2014

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed April 2023.
Understanding a care coordination framework, its functions, and its effects on children and families is critical for patients and families themselves, as well as for pediatricians, pediatric medical subspecialists/surgical specialists, and anyone providing services to children and families. Care coordination is an essential element of a transformed American health care delivery system that emphasizes optimal quality and cost outcomes, addresses family-centered care, and calls for partnership across various settings and communities. High-quality, cost-effective health care requires that the delivery system include elements for the provision of services supporting the coordination of care across settings and professionals. This requirement of supporting coordination of care is generally true for health systems providing care for all children and youth but especially for those with special health care needs. At the foundation of an efficient and effective system of care delivery is the patient-/family-centered medical home. From its inception, the medical home has had care coordination as a core element. In general, optimal outcomes for children and youth, especially those with special health care needs, require interfacing among multiple care systems and individuals, including the following: medical, social, and behavioral professionals; the educational system; payers; medical equipment providers; home care agencies; advocacy groups; needed supportive therapies/services; and families. Coordination of care across settings permits an integration of services that is centered on the comprehensive needs of the patient and family, leading to decreased health care costs, reduction in fragmented care, and improvement in the patient/family experience of care.
Pediatric Anthrax Clinical Management
Authors: Bradley John S. , Peacock Georgina , Krug Steven E. , Bower William A. , Cohn Amanda C. , Meaney-Delman Dana , Pavia Andrew T. ,   AAP COMMITTEE ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES and DISASTER PREPAREDNESS ADVISORY COUNCIL, Krug Steven E. , Chung Sarita , Fagbuyi Daniel B. , Fisher Margaret , Needle Scott , Schonfeld David J. , Brady Michael Thomas , Byington Carrie Lynn , Davies H. Dele , Edwards Kathryn M. , Jackson Mary Anne , Maldonado Yvonne Aida , Murray Dennis , Orenstein Walter A. , Rathore Mobeen H. , Sawyer Mark H. , Schutze Gordon E. , Willoughby Rodney E. , Zaoutis Theoklis 
Published: April 2014

This Clinical Report was retired July 2024.
Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, which has multiple routes of infection in humans, manifesting in different initial presentations of disease. Because B anthracis has the potential to be used as a biological weapon and can rapidly progress to systemic anthrax with high mortality in those who are exposed and untreated, clinical guidance that can be quickly implemented must be in place before any intentional release of the agent. This document provides clinical guidance for the prophylaxis and treatment of neonates, infants, children, adolescents, and young adults up to the age of 21 (referred to as “children”) in the event of a deliberate B anthracis release and offers guidance in areas where the unique characteristics of children dictate a different clinical recommendation from adults.
Pediatric Care Recommendations for Freestanding Urgent Care Facilities
Authors:   COMMITTEE ON PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE, Shoo Joan E. , Ackerman Alice D. , Chun Thomas H. , Conners Gregory P. , Dudley Nanette C. , Fuchs Susan M. , Gorelick Marc H. , Lane Natalie E. , Moore Brian R. , Wright Joseph L. 
Published: April 2014

This Policy Statement was retired May 2017.
Treatment of children at freestanding urgent care facilities has become common in pediatric health care. Well-managed freestanding urgent care facilities can improve the health of the children in their communities, integrate into the medical community, and provide a safe, effective adjunct to, but not a replacement for, the medical home or emergency department. Recommendations are provided for optimizing freestanding urgent care facilities’ quality, communication, and collaboration in caring for children.
Improving Organic Polymer Solar Cell Efficiency by Increasing Active Layer Organization via PSS and PMMA Channels and Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Isseroff Rebecca , Pan Cheng , Raghubeer Krishana , Davis Noah , Issapou Kaveh , Chen Andrew , Sokolov Jonathan , Rafailovich Miriam 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTCurrently, organic photovoltaics are not a viable renewable source of energy in comparison to silicon solar panels because of its low efficiencies, due to its disorganized morphology which leads to charge recombination and an overall loss of energy production. It was hypothesized that simultaneously organizing the morphology and increasing the area of the active sites for exciton dissociation would improve overall efficiency.Our synthesized gold-graphene (AuRGO) was dispersed in sulfonated polystyrene (PSS) and added to the active layer. We also blended polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with graphene, which was then incorporated into the active layer. AFM imaging demonstrated that the polymers self-assembled into column structures. Additionally, the AuRGO showed an affinity for both P3HT and the PSS, migrating to the interfaces. Solar simulation results show that both polymer-graphene blends demonstrated enhanced current and efficiency.The self-organization helped increase the efficiency of both samples, but the AuRGO/PSS had a greater efficiency improvement over the cG/PMMA by 170%. This increase is attributed to the fact that since the AuRGO migrated to the interfaces, the sheet acts as a bridge that improved the electron flow through a connection between the electron donating and accepting materials, improving exciton dissociation and charge transport, and therefore efficiency.
Disclosure Decisions Surrounding Permanently Reinvested Foreign Earnings
Authors: Eiler Lisa , Kutcher Lisa A. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT
We examine the determinants of disclosure decisions relating to the unrecognized deferred tax liability on permanently reinvested earnings (PRE). Prior research shows firm value is lower when firms disclose an estimated deferred tax liability for PRE, suggesting investors find this information useful. Since accounting rules provide managers with flexibility in disclosures about the estimated tax liability on PRE, managers may have discretion in the level of transparency related to these disclosures. We find that transparency relating to disclosures about the unrecognized deferred tax liability on PRE is decreasing in the complexity of the tax calculation. We find that disclosure transparency is increasing in the size of the estimated tax liability on hypothetical repatriation of PRE. However, we do not find that disclosure is more transparent when the tax department is more sophisticated or of higher quality. We predict, but do not find, that disclosure transparency is positively related to the overall disclosure environment of the firm.
JEL Classifications: G30.
The Processing Behavior of Liquid Sn/Molten Polyethylene during Internal Mixing
Authors: Zhang G. , Liu T. , Liu X. , Yi Y. , Liu L. , Tan X. , Luo J. , He J. , Ma H. , Lu A. , Deng Z. , Shu Y. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In our study, liquid tin (Sn) was mixed with molten polyethylene using an internal mixer; the interfacial tension between the liquid Sn and molten polyethylene was measured using the deformed drop retraction method. The results showed that liquid Sn separated when the Sn content was higher than approximately 2 % by volume because of the interfacial tension of up to 167 mN/m and the 106-fold viscosity difference between the liquid Sn and the molten polyethylene. When Sn separation did not occur, the effects of the mixing time and rotary speed on the degree of mixing and the Sn particle size were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the effects of mixing time and rotary speed on the degree of mixing and Sn particle size can be combined as the impact of specific energy input. With increasing specific energy input, the degree of mixing initially increased and subsequently remained constant, while the Sn particle size initially decreased and subsequently remained constant. The refinement of the dispersed phase was completed with a low specific energy input, but the homogenization of the dispersed phase required a higher specific energy input to achieve completion, revealing the relationship between distributive mixing and dispersive mixing.
Negative Pressures in Modelling Rotating Polymer Processing Machinery Are Meaningless, But They Are Telling Something
Authors: Goger A. , Vlachopoulos J. , Thompson M. R. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In the technical literature, some authors have reported calculation of negative pressures in simulations of twin screw extrusion and other types of processing, without giving any explanations. In the majority publications there is no mention of such meaningless results, even though theoretical considerations indicate that negative pressures could be obtained in the expansion region of drag flows through narrow non-parallel surfaces. The meaningless negative pressures are due to the application of single fluid theory to flow regions where bubbles would form, when the pressure drops below the vapor pressure of the liquid. This has been known for a long time from the study of lubrication bearings and related cavitation phenomena. It is argued that the boundary conditions should be carefully chosen for avoiding results in numerical simulations, which can never be reconciled with experimental pressure data.
The Mechanism of Neck-in Phenomenon in Film Casting Process
Authors: Shiromoto S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this study, the non-isothermal viscoelastic simulation of the film casting process was carried out. Low-density polyethylene polymerized by a high-pressure process (LDPE) was used for the simulation. The LDPE exhibited strain hardening in elongational viscosity since it has long chain branching. The Phan-Thien/Tanner model, as a constitutive equation of the viscoelastic fluid, and temperature dependence of the Arrhenius law were employed for the simulation to investigate the effect of viscoelasticity on extrusion drawing, so-called neck-in phenomenon. We developed the theoretical model on the basis of deformation type and force balance of a film to recognize the mechanism of the neck-in phenomenon. It was confirmed from a combination of the simulation results and the theoretical model that neck-in was determined by the ratio of planar to uniaxial elongational viscosity rather than the strain hardening nature of a uniaxial elongational viscosity.
Morphology, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Recycled PC/ABS Blends Processed via Vane Extruder
Authors: Zhao Y. Q. , Liu Q. J. , Guo R. B. , Chen F. Q. , Qu J. P. , Jin G. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The melt blends of recycled polycarbonate and recycled poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) were performed by using a novel vane extruder. The morphology, mechanical, and thermal properties of the RPC/RABS blends in the whole composition range were investigated. When the concentration of RABS was 20 wt%, the blend presented the best comprehensive mechanical properties, especially for the impact strength which was significantly improved compared with RPC and RABS individuals. The blend with 90 wt% RABS also presents better mechanical properties compared with the adjacent blending ratio. With the increase of RABS concentration in blends, Tg of the RABS phase decreases slightly, but Tg of the RPC phase increases. The DSC and SEM results indicate that RPC are partial miscible with RABS.
Effect of Compounding Conditions on Static and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene/Ground Tire Rubber Blends
Authors: Formela K. , Cysewska M. , Korol J. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Searching for new and cost-effective methods of waste rubber recycling is a subject of research in many scientific centers in the world. In this paper there are presented results of the research of the extrusion process of cheap and environmentally friendly thermoplastic compositions containing 50% wt. of masses of ground tire rubber (GTR). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the mixing conditions and properties of obtained products, which is important from a technological point of view. The mixing conditions were determined by using two variables: the screw configuration (co-rotating and counter-rotating) and the type of polyethylene. In the case of both variables, thermoplastic compositions were treated with various shear forces induced by screw speed changes. The influence of mixing conditions on the extrusion process was determined (screw torque, melt flow rate) as well as static and dynamic mechanical properties of obtained materials.
Effect of Feeding Strategy on the Mechanical Properties of PP/Recycled EPDM/PP-G-MA Blends
Authors: Mahallati P. , Rodrigue D. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this work, thermoplastic elastomers based on polypropylene (PP) and recycled ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (r-EPDM) blends with polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) as modifier (0 to 8 wt.%) were prepared by melt compounding via twin-screw extrusion followed by injection molding. In particular, the effects of material composition and feeding strategies were studied. The morphological and mechanical properties of the blends were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), tensile, flexural, impact, density and hardness tests. The results indicate that good dispersion and compatibility between PP and r-EPDM particles was obtained and that incorporation of r-EPDM leads to significant increase in PP impact strength. Finally, the feeding order of each component in the extruder was found to modify substantially the final morphology of the blend, thus having a direct influence on their mechanical properties.
The Encyclopedia of Life v2: Providing Global Access to Knowledge About Life on Earth
Authors: Parr Cynthia S. , Wilson Nathan , Leary Patrick , Schulz Katja , Lans Kristen , Walley Lisa , Hammock Jennifer , Goddard Anthony , Rice Jeremy , Studer Marie , Holmes Jeffrey , Corrigan, Jr. Robert 
Published: April 2014

The Encyclopedia of Life (EOL, http://eol.org) aims to provide unprecedented global access to a broad range of information about life on Earth. It currently contains 3.5 million distinct pages for taxa and provides content for 1.3 million of those pages. The content is primarily contributed by EOL content partners (providers) that have a more limited geographic, taxonomic or topical scope. EOL aggregates these data and automatically integrates them based on associated scientific names and other classification information. EOL also provides interfaces for curation and direct content addition. All materials in EOL are either in the public domain or licensed under a Creative Commons license. In addition to the web interface, EOL is also accessible through an Application Programming Interface.
In this paper, we review recent developments added for Version 2 of the web site and subsequent releases through Version 2.2, which have made EOL more engaging, personal, accessible and internationalizable. We outline the core features and technical architecture of the system. We summarize milestones achieved so far by EOL to present results of the current system implementation and establish benchmarks upon which to judge future improvements.
We have shown that it is possible to successfully integrate large amounts of descriptive biodiversity data from diverse sources into a robust, standards-based, dynamic, and scalable infrastructure. Increasing global participation and the emergence of EOL-powered applications demonstrate that EOL is becoming a significant resource for anyone interested in biological diversity.
Evolution des représentations maternelles après une psychothérapie brève centrée sur la parentalité durant la période périnatale
Authors: Pellet Maeva , Nanzer Nathalie 
Published: April 2014

Cet article décrit la qualité des représentations maternelles chez 34 femmes consultant un service pédopsychiatrique ambulatoire durant la période périnatale (T1). Il questionne également l’évolution de ces représentations après une psychothérapie centrée sur la parentalité (PCP) (T2). Cette approche, dérivée des thérapies brèves mère-bébé, vise justement à modifier les représentations conflictuelles liées à la parentalité et, par-là, à réduire l’anxiété et la dépressivité caractéristiques de la période périnatale. Nous décrivons les représentations maternelles concernant l’enfant, le conjoint, la propre mère et l’image d’elle-même en tant que mère, et les corrélons au degré d’anxiété et de dépression à T1 et à T2.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Targeting Alters Regulation of Expression and Antigen Presentation of Proinsulin
Authors: Hsu Hsiang-Ting , Janßen Linda , Lawand Myriam , Kim Jessica , Perez-Arroyo Alicia , Culina Slobodan , Gdoura Abdel , Burgevin Anne , Cumenal Delphine , Fourneau Yousra , Moser Anna , Kratzer Roland , Wong F. Susan , Springer Sebastian , van Endert Peter 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Peptide ligands presented by MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules are produced by degradation of cytosolic and nuclear, but also endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–resident, proteins by the proteasome. However, Ag processing of ER proteins remains little characterized. Studying processing and presentation of proinsulin, which plays a pivotal role in autoimmune diabetes, we found that targeting to the ER has profound effects not only on how proinsulin is degraded, but also on regulation of its cellular levels. While proteasome inhibition inhibited degradation and presentation of cytosolic proinsulin, as expected, it reduced the abundance of ER-targeted proinsulin. This targeting and protein modifications modifying protein half-life also had profound effects on MHC-I presentation and proteolytic processing of proinsulin. Thus, presentation of stable luminal forms was inefficient but enhanced by proteasome inhibition, whereas that of unstable luminal forms and of a cytosolic form were more efficient and compromised by proteasome inhibitors. Distinct stability of peptide MHC complexes produced from cytosolic and luminal proinsulin suggests that different proteolytic activities process the two Ag forms. Thus, both structural features and subcellular targeting of Ags can have strong effects on the processing pathways engaged by MHC-I–restricted Ags, and on the efficiency and regulation of their presentation.
IFN-γ–Producing CD4+ T Cells Promote Generation of Protective Germinal Center–Derived IgM+ B Cell Memory against Salmonella Typhi
Authors: Perez-Shibayama Christian , Gil-Cruz Cristina , Pastelin-Palacios Rodolfo , Cervantes-Barragan Luisa , Hisaki Emiliano , Chai Qian , Onder Lucas , Scandella Elke , Regen Tommy , Waisman Ari , Isibasi Armando , Lopez-Macias Constantino , Ludewig Burkhard 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Abs play a significant role in protection against the intracellular bacterium Salmonella Typhi. In this article, we investigated how long-term protective IgM responses can be elicited by a S. Typhi outer-membrane protein C– and F–based subunit vaccine (porins). We found that repeated Ag exposure promoted a CD4+ T cell–dependent germinal center reaction that generated mutated IgM-producing B cells and was accompanied by a strong expansion of IFN-γ–secreting T follicular helper cells. Genetic ablation of individual cytokine receptors revealed that both IFN-γ and IL-17 are required for optimal germinal center reactions and production of porin-specific memory IgM+ B cells. However, more profound reduction of porin-specific IgM B cell responses in the absence of IFN-γR signaling indicated that this cytokine plays a dominant role. Importantly, mutated IgM mAbs against porins exhibited bactericidal capacity and efficiently augmented S. Typhi clearance. In conclusion, repeated vaccination with S. Typhi porins programs type I T follicular helper cell responses that contribute to the diversification of B cell memory and promote the generation of protective IgM Abs.