bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A decision tree conceptualization of choice of knowledge transfer mechanism: the views of software development specialists in a multinational company
Authors: M. Jasimuddin Sajjad , Connell Con , H. Klein Jonathan 
Published: March 2014

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to empirically study transfer mechanisms of technological knowledge, and to explore the interplay among the factors that influence the choice of a mechanism.Design/methodology/approach–This paper reports on a qualitative case study designed to explore the reasons underlying the selection of intra-organizational knowledge transfer mechanisms. This research was carried out as an exploratory case study, which allowed one to observe the phenomenon in a natural setting.Findings–The results of the present study indicate the interplay between the factors, and link the factors in a sequence that help decide a mechanism. A decision to select a mechanism depends upon several variables; some of them override others, others are interlinked, and sometimes there is a causal link.Research limitations/implications–It is based on a sample of employees that may not be representative of the broader population. Since the samples were drawn only from a MNC, the results may not be generalised. The case study method which was employed in this research does not permit the generalisation of the results.Originality/value–The knowledge transfer literature has discussed the mechanisms used to transfer technological knowledge, but has failed to adequately address the rationale behind the selection of an appropriate knowledge transfer mechanism. The extant literature has isolatedly identified factors that impact on the choice of knowledge transfer mechanism. These issues are not effectively addressed in prior research. The findings are summarized diagrammatically in the form of a decision tree which provides a conceptualization of the decision processes involved in the selection of the medium for knowledge transfer.
Importance of women's political skill in male-dominated organizations
Authors: Baskerville Watkins Marla , Nicole Smith Alexis 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– The aim of this paper is to investigate whether or not political skill helps women working in a male-dominated environment to obtain positions with authority.Design/methodology/approach– Surveys were emailed to female lawyers working full-time in a variety of law firms across the USA. Participants were 140 lawyers with an average of ten years of practicing law.Findings– In support of their hypotheses, the authors found that when working in male-dominated organizations, women with high levels of political skill fared better than women with low levels of political skill in terms of obtaining positions with authority.Research limitations/implications– Because the research design was cross-sectional, direction of causality cannot be established. Second, common method bias may have affected the observed relationships.Practical implications– Given that women with political skill may be able to recognize and break down the barriers that are especially present in male-dominated organizations, women and managers alike should consider training to help women understand and enhance their political skill.Social implications– This research highlights the particular challenge of workplace politics for women and presents political skill as a potential solution.Originality/value– This research is the first to demonstrate the benefit of having political skill for women working in male-dominated organizations.
Relating work engagement and workaholism to entrepreneurial performance
Authors: J. Gorgievski Marjan , Antonio Moriano Juan , B. Bakker Arnold 
Published: March 2014

Purpose– Building on the dualistic approach to passion, the aim of this paper was to examine how work engagement and workaholism relate to entrepreneurs' performance (innovative behavior, business growth, and subjective business performance).Design/methodology/approach– Cross-sectional survey data of 180 Spanish entrepreneurs were analyzed using partial least squares modeling.Findings– Evidence was found for a dual affective pathway to performance. Work engagement related favorably to performance through its relationship with more positive affect and less negative affect. Workaholism related to more negative affect, which in turn related negatively to performance. After controlling for affective states, both work engagement and workaholism still had a direct and positive association with innovative behavior.Research limitations/implications– Limitations are the cross-sectional design and the reliance on self-report measures; although self-reports of business growth can be considered indicative of objective business performance. Bi-directional relationships between the study variables seem plausible. The dualistic approach to passion is a sound theoretical basis for future research on drivers and consequences of work engagement and workaholism.Practical implications– The findings imply that entrepreneurial success can be enhanced by improving entrepreneurs' emotion-regulation strategies to manage their affective states. Workaholics especially would benefit from such strategies.Social implications– Improving entrepreneurial performance has value for society via counteracting economic decline and creation of wealth and jobs.Originality/value– This study adds to our limited understanding of the consequences of work engagement and workaholism. It addresses entrepreneurs, who are an under researched occupational group.
Perceptions of product advantage, NPD and organisational performance
Authors: Healy Brian , Ledwith Ann , O'Dwyer Michele 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to extend previous studies on new product development (NPD) performance by identifying the product advantage, new product performance and organisational performance indicators that are considered by small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) to be most relevant to their performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– A quantitative research approach was adopted, using a cross-sectional survey of a sample of 137 firms representing the industry sectors active within the Irish economy. The research instrument was based on existing recognised research measures.

Findings
– The results suggest that: large firms consider that their products derive advantage through product quality and cost, while SMEs are more concerned with satisfying customer needs; larger firms concentrate on market measures in measuring new product performance, while SMEs focus on customer acceptance measures; and in measuring organisational performance larger firms focus on market share and profitability, while SMEs concentrate on profitability and sales growth.

Research limitations/implications
– This study identifies the aspects of product advantage, new product performance and organisational performance on which firms concentrate, thereby increasing our ability to redirect their focus from what they consider to be important, to what will have an impact on their firm's performance.

Originality/value
– This study identifies the aspects of product advantage, new product performance and organisational performance on which firms concentrate, thereby increasing our ability to redirect their focus from what they consider to be important, to what will have an impact on their firm's performance.
Replacement of a deep brain stimulation implantable pulse generator with a rechargeable device
Authors: Chan Danny Tat‐Ming , Zhu Xian‐Lun , Lau Claire Ka‐Yee , Wong Rosanna Kit‐Man , Poon Wai‐Sang 
Published: March 2014

AimIn the present study, we report on the technical hiccups encountered while replacing the implantable pulse generator (IPG) for deep brain stimulation with a new rechargeable device.Patients and MethodsTwo dystonia patients suffered from inefficient recharging after replacement of the IPG to the rechargeable device. After identifying the problem, we employed a surgical technique on the third patient.ResultsThe problem was the small size of the new device. The device had a freedom‐of‐transverse translation and a rocking movement inside the pocket. This unstable positioning lengthened the recharging time in these two patients. By fixing the device on to the adaptor and obliterating the lateral space, the third patient encountered no recharging problems.ConclusionBased on the findings of this study, IPG should be fixed on a flat subcutaneous plane and obliterate the lateral space to avoid the problem.
Comparison study of portable bladder scanner versus cone‐beam CT scan for measuring bladder volumes in post‐prostatectomy patients undergoing radiotherapy
Authors: Ung KA , White R , Mathlum M , Mak‐Hau V , Lynch R 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroductionIn post‐prostatectomy radiotherapy to the prostatic bed, consistent bladder volume is essential to maintain the position of treatment target volume. We assessed the differences between bladder volume readings from a portable bladder scanner (BS‐V) and those obtained from planning CT (CT‐V) or cone‐beam CT (CBCT‐V). Interfraction bladder volume variation was also determined.MethodsBS‐V was recorded before and after planning CT or CBCT. The percentage differences between the readings using the two imaging modalities, standard deviations and 95% confidence intervals were determined. Data were analysed for the whole patient cohort and separately for the older BladderScan™ BVI3000 and newer BVI9400 model. Interfraction bladder volume variation was determined from the percentage difference between the CT‐V and CBCT‐V. Treatment duration, incorporating the time needed for BS and CBCT, was recorded.ResultsFourteen patients were enrolled, producing 133 data sets for analysis. BS‐V was taken using the BVI9400 in four patients (43 data sets). The mean BS‐V was 253.2 mL, and the mean CT‐V or CBCT‐V was 199 cm3. The mean percentage difference between the two modalities was 19.7% (SD 42.2; 95%CI 12.4 to 26.9). The BVI9400 model produced more consistent readings, with a mean percentage difference of −6.2% (SD 27.8; 95% CI −14.7 to −2.4%). The mean percentage difference between CT‐V and CBCT‐V was 31.3% (range −48% to 199.4%). Treatment duration from time of first BS reading to CBCT was, on average, 12 min (range 6–27).ConclusionsThe BS produces bladder volume readings of an average 19.7% difference from CT‐V or CBCT‐V and can potentially be used to screen for large interfraction bladder volume variations in radiotherapy to prostatic bed. The observed interfraction bladder volume variation suggests the need to improve bladder volume consistency. Incorporating the BS into practice is feasible.
Predictors and outcomes of increases in creatine phosphokinase concentrations or rhabdomyolysis risk during statin treatment
Authors: van Staa Tjeerd P. , Carr Daniel F. , O'Meara Helen , McCann Gerry , Pirmohamed Munir 
Published: March 2014

AimThe aim was to evaluate clinical risk factors associated with myotoxicity in statin users.MethodsThis was a cohort study of patients prescribed a statin in UK primary care practices contributing to the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Outcomes of interest were creatine phosphokinase (CPK) concentrations and clinical records of rhabdomyolysis.ResultsThe cohort comprised 641 703 statin users. Simvastatin was most frequently prescribed (66.3%), followed by atorvastatin (24.4%). CPK was measured in 127 209 patients: 81.4% within normal range and 0.7% above <four times the upper limit of normal (ULN). Rhabdomyolysis was recorded in 59 patients. Patients with concomitant prescribing of CYP3A4‐interacting drugs had an increased odds ratio (OR) of rhabdomyolysis compared with controls (OR 3.71, 95% CI 1.18, 11.61) and >four times ULN CPK compared with normal CPK (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.01, 1.60). Rosuvastatin users had higher risk of >four times ULN CPK (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.22, 2.15) as did patients with larger daily doses of other statin types. A recent clinical record of myalgia was associated with an increased OR of >four times ULN CPK (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.37, 2.18). In patients who were rechallenged to statins and had repeat CPK measurements after >four times ULN CPK abnormalities, 54.8% of the repeat CPK values were within normal range, 32.1% between one to three times and 13.0% >four times ULN.ConclusionsThe frequencies of substantive CPK increases and rhabdomyolysis during statin treatment were low, with highest risks seen in those on large daily doses or interacting drugs and on rosuvastatin. CPK measurements appeared to have been done in a haphazard manner and better guidance is needed.
Effects of HM30181, a P‐glycoprotein inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of loperamide in healthy volunteers
Authors: Kim Tae‐Eun , Lee Howard , Lim Kyoung Soo , Lee SeungHwan , Yoon Seo‐Hyun , Park Kyung‐Mi , Han Hyesun , Shin Sang‐Goo , Jang In‐Jin , Yu Kyung‐Sang , Cho Joo‐Youn 
Published: March 2014

AimsHM30181 is a third generation P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) inhibitor currently under development. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of a single dose of HM30181 on the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of loperamide, a P‐gp substrate, and to compare them with those of quinidine.MethodsEighteen healthy male subjects were administered loperamide alone (period 1) or with loperamide plus quinidine or HM30181 in period 2 or 3, respectively. In period 3, subjects randomly received one of three HM30181 doses: 15, 60 or 180 mg. Changes in pupil size, alertness, oxygen saturation and the oral bioavailability of loperamide were assessed in each period. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of HM30181 were determined.ResultsPupil size, alertness and oxygen saturation did not change over time when loperamide alone or loperamide plus HM30181 was administered while HM30181 significantly increased the systemic exposure to loperamide, i.e. the geometric mean ratio (90% confidence interval) of AUC(0,tlast) for loperamide with and without HM30181 was 1.48 (1.08, 2.02). Co‐administered quinidine significantly increased the systemic exposure to loperamide 2.2‐fold (1.53, 3.18), which also markedly reduced pupil size, resulting in a decrease of 24.7 mm h in the area under the effect curve of pupil size change from baseline compared with loperamide alone.ConclusionsHM30181 inhibits P‐gp mainly in the intestinal endothelium, which can be beneficial because pan‐inhibition of P‐gp, particularly in the brain, could lead to detrimental adverse events. Further studies are warranted to investigate adequately the dose–exposure relationship of HM30181, along with its duration of effect.
Understanding the effect of the HCV polymerase inhibitor mericitabine on early viral kinetics in the phase 2 JUMP‐C and PROPEL studies
Authors: Chen Ya‐Chi , Bernaards Coen , Kulkarni Rohit , Moreira Sebastian , Zhu Yonghong , Chan Anna , Badman Ethan , Ackrill Andrew , Thommes James , Smith Patrick F. 
Published: March 2014

AimsThe aim was to evaluate early viral kinetics in patients receiving mericitabine [hepatitis C virus (HCV) nucleoside polymerase inhibitor] with peginterferon alfa‐2a (40KD) and ribavirin in two clinical trials (PROPEL and JUMP‐C).MethodsWe examined rapid virological responses (RVRs; week 4 HCV RNA <15 IU ml−1) and complete early virological responses (cEVR; week 12 HCV RNA <15 IU ml−1) in HCV genotype 1/4‐infected patients receiving mericitabine (500 or 1000 mg) or placebo twice daily plus peginterferon alfa‐2a and ribavirin.ResultsAmong IL28B rs12979860 CC genotype patients receiving 500 or 1000 mg mericitabine or placebo, respectively, RVR rates were 64.3% (95% confidence interval: 38.8–83.7%), 95.1% (83.9–98.7%) and 33.3% (20.2–49.7%), and cEVR rates were 100% (78.5–100%), 100% (91.4–100%) and 80.6% (65.0–90.3%). Among non‐CC genotype patients, RVR rates were 26.5% (14.6–43.1%), 52.3% (43.0–61.3%) and 5.7% (2.2–13.8%), and cEVR rates were 76.5% (60.0–87.6%), 84.6% (76.6–90.1%) and 28.6% (19.3–40.1%), respectively. In multiple regression analysis, IL28B genotype (P < 0.0001), mericitabine dose (P < 0.0001) and bodyweight (P = 0.0009) were associated with first‐phase (α) slope (change in log10 HCV RNA from baseline to week 1).ConclusionsMericitabine‐containing triple therapy reduces the impact of IL28B genotype on RVR and cEVR compared with peginterferon alfa‐2a and ribavirin dual therapy. The IL28B genotype, mericitabine dose and bodyweight are the most important factors associated with the α slope, and there is no evidence of a pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction between mericitabine and ribavirin.
Increased local IgE production induced by common aeroallergens and phenotypic alteration of mast cells in Chinese eosinophilic, but not non‐eosinophilic, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps
Authors: Cao P.‐P. , Zhang Y.‐N. , Liao B. , Ma J. , Wang B.‐F. , Wang H. , Zeng M. , Liu W.‐H. , Schleimer R. P. , Liu Z. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBackgroundEosinophilic and non‐eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) display distinct patterns of inflammation. However, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of CRSwNP need further investigation.ObjectiveTo investigate local immunoglobulin E (IgE) production and phenotype of mast cells in eosinophilic and non‐eosinophilic CRSwNP in Chinese.MethodsTotal and specific IgE levels were analysed by means of the ImmunoCAP system. The molecular steps involved in class‐switch recombination to IgE were investigated using RT‐PCR assays. Mast cell phenotypes, IgE‐ and high‐affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI)‐positive cells, and allergen binding to specific IgE in sinonasal mucosa were determined by means of immunohistochemistry.ResultsCompared with controls and non‐eosinophilic CRSwNP, local total IgE levels were increased, and local specific IgE to common aeroallergens was more frequently found, in Chinese eosinophilic CRSwNP independent of atopy and without significant association with Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins. The ε germline gene transcript was also more frequently detected in eosinophilic CRSwNP. The number of IgE‐ and FcεRI‐positive cells was increased in eosinophilic CRSwNP. Most IgE‐ and FcεRI‐positive cells were mast cells. Dust mite antigens could bind to IgE on mast cells in situ. The number of mast cells positive for both tryptase and chymase and activated mast cells was increased in eosinophilic CRSwNP and the number of activated mast cells positively correlated with local IgE level, eotaxin‐1 level, and eosinophil count in CRSwNP.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThe local IgE induced by common aeroallergens may mediate mast cell activation and contribute to subsequent eosinophilic inflammation in Chinese CRSwNP. This study offers a rationale for considering intervention strategies designed to target ‘local allergy’ in eosinophilic CRSwNP.
A comparison of the provision of the My Choice Weight Management Programme via general practitioner practices and community pharmacies in the United Kingdom
Authors: Bush J. , Langley C. , Mills S. , Hindle L. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a novel, community‐based weight management programme delivered through general practitioner (GP) practices and community pharmacies in one city in the United Kingdom. This study used a non‐randomized, retrospective, observational comparison of clinical data collected by participating GP practices and community pharmacies. Subjects were 451 overweight or obese men and women resident in areas of high socioeconomic deprivation (82% from black and minority ethnic groups, 86% women, mean age: 41.1 years, mean body mass index [BMI]: 34.5 kg m−2). Weight, waist circumference and BMI at baseline, after 12 weeks and after 9 months were measured. Costs of delivery were also analysed. Sixty‐four per cent of participants lost weight after the first 12 weeks of the My Choice Weight Management Programme. There was considerable dropout. Mean percentage weight loss (last observation carried forward) was 1.9% at 12 weeks and 1.9% at final follow‐up (9 months). There was no significant difference in weight loss between participants attending GP practices and those attending pharmacies at both 12 weeks and at final follow‐up. Costs per participant were higher via community pharmacy which was attributable to better attendance at sessions among community pharmacy participants than among GP participants. The My Choice Weight Management Programme produced modest reductions in weight at 12 weeks and 9 months. Such programmes may not be sufficient to tackle the obesity epidemic.
Outcomes of revascularization treatment in immature dog's teeth
Authors: Khademi Abbas Ali , Dianat Omid , Mahjour Faranak , Razavi Seyed Mohammad , Younessian Farnaz 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimThe purpose of the current study was to examine the success rate of a revascularization treatment protocol involving canal space disinfection using copious irrigation, a triantibiotic dressing, and induction of a blood clot matrix in immature dog's teeth.Materials and methodsThirty‐six immature mongrel dog's teeth were divided into two experimental and two control groups. The experimental groups included a necrotic‐infected group (n = 20) and a vital group (n = 10). In the group with the necrotic‐infected teeth, periapical lesions were induced, and disinfection of the canals was carried out using copious irrigation and a triple antibiotic medication (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline). Subsequently, the periapical tissues were irritated to initiate bleeding, producing a blood clot. A double seal of the coronal access was then placed. In the vital group, the pulp was aseptically removed before the canal was irrigated and periapical tissues irritated to induce bleeding. The same protocol as that used for the necrotic‐infected group was used to seal the coronal access. In the positive control group (n = 3), after pulp removal, sterile sponges soaked in plaque suspension were placed in the pulp chambers of the teeth, after which the chambers were sealed. In the negative control group (n = 3), one untouched 1st premolar tooth in each dog was assigned and left to develop naturally. Radiographic and histological findings were evaluated at 3 and 6 months. Data analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test.ResultsThe necrotic‐infected group radiographically demonstrated apical healing and apical closure in 70% of the cases and thickening of the walls in 40% after 6 months. The vital group showed apical closure in 77% and thickened walls in 44% of the cases after 3 months. Histological findings confirmed the radiographic findings. No significant difference was observed between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsIf necrotic‐infected canals are effectively disinfected and treated according to the protocol, the ensuing revascularization response is similar to that of vital immature teeth.