bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human Health Effects of Nonionizing Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: Carpenter David O. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe present chapter deals with that portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that has lower energy and longer wavelengths than the infrared, including the extra low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields from electricity and radiofrequency (RF) fields used in communication. The energies at these frequencies are not sufficient to directly break chemical bonds, and the question to be examined is whether they have sufficient energy to cause human disease by other mechanisms, particularly at intensities that do not cause measurable heating. Present research indicates a consistent pattern of elevated risk of cancer, especially leukemia, and some neurodegenerative diseases at ELF magnetic field levels commonly found in residences and occupations. The relationship between childhood magnetic field exposure and brain cancer is also reviewed. Human studies and meta‐analyses of research of mobile phone use show a consistent and elevated risk of brain cancer and acoustic neuroma upon intense and long‐term use. International and national standards of human exposure to ELF and RF frequencies are presented and found to be inadequate for the protection of human health. The evidence of human harm from excessive exposure to both ELF and RF is stronger and more consistent for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases than is commonly recognized. While there is less strong reproducibility and consistency for some other proposed health outcomes, this indicates only the need for more research with better exposure assessment.
Health Effects from Hand‐Transmitted Vibration
Authors: Mason Howard J. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPneumatic tools and rotating tools, such as grinders have been recorded as being used in many countries. Poorly maintained tools are well‐established causes of significantly increased transmission of vibrational energy into the hands of workers causing episodic finger blanching, symptoms of numbness and tingling and neurosensory deficit in the hands, and loss of grip strength. Collectively these health problems are termed HAVS and can become significantly disabling in severer cases. The term HAVS began to have widespread coinage as describing the range of vascular, neurosensory, and musculoskeletal problems associated with excessive exposure to HTV. There have been a number of reports that address the possible pathophysiological basis of the elements of HAVS. However, the exact relationship between the dose and either the vascular or neurosensory elements of HAVS has remained unclear as to how much the nature of the exposure data, often relying on retrospective exposure assessment, or the extent of individual susceptibility adds to the uncertainty or noise in any reported relationships. There has been considerable international effort to reduce exposures, especially through better ergonomically designed tools with lower vibration emissions.
Managing disruptive patients in health care: Necessary solutions to a difficult problem
Authors: Hodgson Michael J. , Mohr David C. , Drummond David J. , Bell Margaret , Van Male Lynn 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundWe sought to describe the components and processes in a violence risk assessment and management system, including electronic record requirements in the Veterans Health Administration (VA). We present information on system‐level variation among program elements and their association with perceived and measured effectiveness.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey of Chiefs of Staff (COS) at 140 VA hospitals across the United States about specific disruptive behavior program elements, such as committee processes, patient referrals, and outcome patterns. We assessed COS perceived effectiveness of the processes. We compared COS perceptions with employee‐reported assault‐related incident rates and workers compensation lost time claim rates for assault‐related injuries for 2009 and 2010.ResultsWe found the violence risk assessment and management system is heavily used, often with guidance to provide police protection for providers. COS respondents were generally satisfied with design and performance of the system. Committee processes and perceptions of effectiveness were associated with reduction in assault‐related incident rates.ConclusionsVA's system was considered effective by system owners and users may be effective at reducing assaulted‐related injuries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:1009–1017, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An ergonomic assessment of the long handle blueberry harvesting rake
Authors: May Elizabeth , Scribani Melissa , Wyckoff Sherry , Bauer Robert , May John , Wyckoff Lynae , Jenkins Paul 
Published: August 2012

AbstractBackgroundPrevious work shows the superiority of the long‐handled blueberry harvesting rake (LHR) for worker preference and productivity compared to the short‐handle rake (SHR).MethodsPost‐shift interviews on occurrence, location, and severity of pain, and video‐based observation of body postures enabled ergonomic assessment of Maine workers harvesting blueberries. Workers randomly crossed between LHR and SHR on consecutive work days. Wilcoxon tests compared proportions of specific body postures between LHR and SHR.ResultsSubjects used SHR for shorter work periods than LHR. Thirty workers provided interviews for both one LHR and one SHR shift. Assessment of these matched pairs suggested a trend toward less frequent overall pain (P = 0.07) and back pain (P = 0.11) with the LHR versus the SHR. Video tape analysis included 17 sets of observations (8 SHR and 9 LHR) on 12 individuals. Posture assessment showed more severe forward bend and squatting with the SHR and more moderate/neutral postures with the LHR.ConclusionHarvesting with the traditional SHR is likely to be associated with increased frequency of pain in general, and mid‐low back pain in particular, when compared to the newer LHR. This may well relate to the work postures associated with each rake. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:1051–1059, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thin dense films from polymer blend of thermoplastic elastomer and polyolefin by uniaxial stretching
Authors: Uenishi Masamoto , Fukushima Noriaki , Teramachi Masashi , Mizuta Masahiko , Kamo Jun , Tsuru Toshinori 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThin dense films composed of a thermoplastic elastomer [polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene butylene)‐block‐polystyrene triblock copolymer (SEBS)] and two polyolefins, poly(ethylene‐co‐ethylacrylate) and poly(ethylene‐co‐propylene), were obtained by blow molding, uniaxial hot stretching, and cooling to room temperature. In the resulting films, the dispersed polyolefin phase formed a 3D‐network structure which constrained the elastic recovery of the SEBS matrix phase. The presence of this network structure was a key factor in forming the thin dense films. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Relationships between in vitro drug dissolution and in vivo response
Authors: Langguth Peter , Marroum Patrick 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACTIn recent years there has been an effort to relate manufacturing variables to the performance of the dosage form from a clinical point of view (in terms of safety and efficacy). Consequently any control strategy or the establishment of meaningful specifications should take into consideration the clinical impact on the patient. Since plasma levels are considered to be one of the most useful surrogates for clinical safety (in that bioequivalent plasma levels are considered therapeutically equivalent) and dissolution is the best surrogate for bioavailability, it is a natural consequence that dissolution be used to establish the design space in which all the formulations would have similar safety and efficacy profiles. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exchangeability of the flagellin (FliC) and the cap protein (FliD) among different species in flagellar assembly
Authors: Inaba Satoshi , Hashimoto Manami , Jyot Jeevan , Aizawa Shin‐Ichi 
Published: August 2012

AbstractFlagellar filament self‐assembles from the component protein, flagellin or FliC, with the aid of the capping protein, HAP2 or FliD. Depending on the helical parameters of filaments, flagella from various species are divided into three groups, family I, II, and III. Each family coincides with the traditional classification of flagella, peritrichous flagella, polar flagella, and lateral flagella, respectively. To elucidate the physico‐chemical properties of flagellin to separate families, we chose family I flagella and family II flagella and examined how well the exchangeability of a combination of FliC and/or FliD from different families is kept in filament formation. FliC or FliD of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salty; family I) were exchanged with those of Escherichia coli (Escco; family I) or Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseae; family II). In a Salty fliC deletion mutant, Escco FliC formed short filaments, but Pseae FliC did not form filaments. In a Salty fliD deletion mutant, both Escco FliD and Pseae FliD allowed Salty FliC to polymerize into short filaments. In conclusion, FliC can be exchanged among the same family but not between different families, while FliD serves as the cap protein even in different families, confirming that FliC is essential for determining families, but FliD plays a subsidiary role in filament formation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanostructural Studies of Fresh and Road‐Aged Practical Pt/SiO2 and Pt‐Pd/Al2O3 Diesel Oxidation Catalysts by using Aberration‐Corrected (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Ward Michael R. , Hyde Tim , Boyes Edward D. , Gai Pratibha L. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractWe report direct observations of nanostructural and compositional evolution in complex technological diesel oxidation nanocatalysts (DOCs) by using aberration‐corrected (scanning) transmission electron microscopy (AC‐(S)TEM) at the atomic level and nano‐beam electron diffraction (NBED). Two representative practical DOC systems with varying metal loading on different supports have been employed in the study. Nanostructural and compositional variations in fresh and road‐aged Pt nanocatalysts supported on SiO2 spheres (referred to as Pt‐only DOCs) and bimetallic Pt‐Pd nanocatalysts on γ‐Al2O3 (bimetallic DOCs) are quantified by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, ion chromatography, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Pt nanocatalysts on silica spheres are shown to maintain their spherical morphologies with stepped surfaces of low symmetry atomic planes. Nanoscale clusters and spherical nanoparticles are present in the fresh bimetallic DOCs. By using AC high‐angle annular dark‐field (HAADF) STEM, we elucidate atomic, structural and morphological changes in the aged nanocatalysts and discuss their behaviour. Notably, AC‐HAADF‐STEM and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) spectroscopy of the aged bimetallic DOC have shown that a majority of the nanoparticles remain spherical and only a minority of the particles show larger faceted particles with core‐shell‐like structures. The atomic level structural changes of the nanocatalysts on the two supports indicate that the metal loading, dispersion, initial nanoparticle size and the support play key roles in the stability and aging behaviour of the DOCs. The retention of spherical particles is important as they are believed to be more active for the oxidation of CO in the diesel engine exhaust. The results have important implications in the design of novel technological DOCs.
General Route to Multifunctional Uniform Yolk/Mesoporous Silica Shell Nanocapsules: A Platform for Simultaneous Cancer‐Targeted Imaging and Magnetically Guided Drug Delivery
Authors: Zhang Lingyu , Wang Tingting , Yang Lei , Liu Cong , Wang Chungang , Liu Haiyan , Wang Y. Andrew , Su Zhongmin 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHollow mesoporous SiO2 (mSiO2) nanostructures with movable nanoparticles (NPs) as cores, so‐called yolk‐shell nanocapsules (NCs), have attracted great research interest. However, a highly efficient, simple and general way to produce yolk‐mSiO2 shell NCs with tunable functional cores and shell compositions is still a great challenge. A facile, general and reproducible strategy has been developed for fabricating discrete, monodisperse and highly uniform yolk‐shell NCs under mild conditions, composed of mSiO2 shells and diverse functional NP cores with different compositions and shapes. These NPs can be Fe3O4 NPs, gold nanorods (GNRs), and rare‐earth upconversion NRs, endowing the yolk‐mSiO2 shell NCs with magnetic, plasmonic, and upconversion fluorescent properties. In addition, multifunctional yolk‐shell NCs with tunable interior hollow spaces and mSiO2 shell thickness can be precisely controlled. More importantly, fluorescent‐magnetic‐biotargeting multifunctional polyethyleneimine (PEI)‐modified fluorescent Fe3O4@mSiO2 yolk‐shell nanobioprobes as an example for simultaneous targeted fluorescence imaging and magnetically guided drug delivery to liver cancer cells is also demonstrated. This synthetic approach can be easily extended to the fabrication of multifunctional yolk@mSiO2 shell nanostructures that encapsulate various functional movable NP cores, which construct a potential platform for the simultaneous targeted delivery of drug/gene/DNA/siRNA and bio‐imaging.
Supramolecular Self‐Assembly of 1D and 3D Heterometallic Coordination Polymers with Triruthenium Building Blocks
Authors: Chan Sharon Lai‐Fung , Gao Song , Chui Stephen Sin‐Yin , Shek Lam , Huang Jie‐Sheng , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: August 2012

AbstractRu3(TSA)6 (1; H2TSA=2‐thiosalicylic acid), which bears six peripheral carboxylate groups and was isolated in the form [NEt4]1.5[Ru3(HTSA)2(TSA)4](OAc)0.5⋅3.5 H2O, serves as a building block for assembly of heterometallic coordination polymers. Treatment of 1 with [Fe(acac)3] (acac=acetylacetonate) in EG/H2O (EG=ethylene glycol) afforded 1D Ru3–Fe coordination polymer 2 by means of the connection of the building block 1 through iron centers. Treatment of 1 with MnCl2 in EG resulted in the formation of 1D Ru3–Mn3 coordination polymer 3, which features self‐assembled polynuclear linking units Mn3(OCH2CH2O)3, each of which contains a planar Mn3O3 ring. By treating 1 with Gd(NO3)3 and NaHCO3 in EG, a 3D Ru3–Gd6 coordination polymer 4 was obtained; this 3D coordination polymer features unprecedented Gd6(μ3‐CO3)4 units. The magnetic properties of 1–4, along with DFT calculations on the electronic structure of 1, are also described.
Evidence of Photoinduced Charge Separation in the Metal–Organic Framework MIL‐125(Ti)‐NH2
Authors: de Miguel Maykel , Ragon Florence , Devic Thomas , Serre Christian , Horcajada Patricia , García Hermenegildo 
Published: August 2012

AbstractHerein, we describe the photochemical behavior of the porous metal–organic framework MIL‐125(Ti)‐NH2, built up from cyclic Ti8O8(OH)4 oxoclusters and 2‐aminoterephthalate ligands. While MIL‐125(Ti)‐NH2 does not emit upon excitation at 420 nm, laser flash photolyses of dry samples (diffuse reflectance) or aqueous suspensions (transmission) of the solid have allowed detecting a transient characterized by a continuous absorption from 390 to 820 nm decaying in the sub‐millisecond timescale, which is quenched by oxygen. This transient has been attributed to the charge‐separation state. Firm evidence for this assignment was obtained by lamp irradiation of aqueous suspensions of MIL‐125(Ti)‐NH2 in the presence of electron‐donor (N,N,N′N′‐tetramethyl‐p‐phenylenediamine) or electron‐acceptor (methylviologen) probe molecules, which has allowed the visual detection of the corresponding radical ions, in agreement with the occurrence of photoinduced charge separation in MIL‐125(Ti)‐NH2.
Cellobiose Hydrolysis and Decomposition by Electrochemical Generation of Acid and Hydroxyl Radicals
Authors: Kwon Youngkook , Kleijn Steven E. F. , Schouten Klaas Jan P. , Koper Marc T. M. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThis paper addresses the hydrolysis of cellobiose to glucose and its further decomposition with electrochemically generated acid (H+) on a platinum electrode, and with electrochemically generated hydroxyl radicals (OH.) on boron‐doped diamond (BDD). The results are compared with the hydrolysis promoted by conventional acid (H2SO4) and OH. (from Fenton’s reaction) and supported by product analysis by using online HPLC (for soluble products) and online electrochemical mass spectrometry (for CO2). Cellobiose hydrolysis follows a first‐order reaction, which obeys Arrhenius’ law over the temperature range from 25–80 °C with different activation energies for the acid‐ and radical‐promoted reaction, that is, approximately 118±8 and 55±1 kJ mol−1, respectively. The high local acidity with electrochemically generated H+ on the Pt electrode increases the rate of glucose formation, however, the active electrode (PtOx) interacts with glucose and decomposes it further to smaller organic acids. In addition, O2 formed during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) lowers the selectivity of glucose by forming side‐products. OH. generated on a BDD electrode first hydrolyzes the cellobiose to glucose, but rapidly attacks the aldehyde on glucose, which is further decomposed to smaller aldoses and finally formaldehyde, which is subsequently oxidized electrochemically to formic acid.
Phytoestrogen intake from foods, during adolescence and adulthood, and risk of breast cancer by estrogen and progesterone receptor tumor subgroup among Ontario women
Authors: Anderson Laura N. , Cotterchio Michelle , Boucher Beatrice A. , Kreiger Nancy 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPhytoestrogen intake may reduce breast cancer risk and limited evidence suggests this association may hold for hormone receptor‐positive tumors only. The study aims were to assess whether the association between phytoestrogen intake during adolescence and adulthood and breast cancer risk varies by estrogen and progesterone receptor (ERPR) tumor subgroup. Cases were identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry (2002–2003), and ERPR status was ascertained from pathology reports for 81% of cases (n = 2,438). Controls were identified through random digit dialing of Ontario households (n = 3,370). Published phytoestrogen food values were applied to food frequency questionnaire responses to assess isoflavone, lignan and total phytoestrogen intake, during adolescence and adulthood. Polytomous multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for association between phytoestrogen intake and breast cancer risk by hormone receptor ERPR tumor subgroups. Among premenopausal women, few associations were observed for adolescent or adult phytoestrogen intake across all tumor subgroups. Among postmenopausal women, adolescent phytoestrogen intake (isoflavone, lignan and total) was associated with reduced risk across all hormone receptor subgroups; however, statistical significance was most consistent within the ER+PR+ subgroup. For example, ER+PR+ postmenopausal breast cancer risk was associated with adolescent phytoestrogen intake (highest vs. lowest: OR = 0.79; 95% confidence interval: 0.65–0.96). Among all women and postmenopausal women, ORs for high adult lignan intake were all below 1.0 within each tumor subgroup, suggesting reduced breast cancer risk, although none reached statistical significance. In conclusion, adolescent phytoestrogen intake was associated with reduced postmenopausal breast cancer, particularly for ER+PR+ tumor subgroup.
Role of HOXB7 in regulation of progression and metastasis of human lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yuan Weiwei , Zhang Xuelin , Xu Yu , Li Shasha , Hu Yide , Wu Shiyong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractDysregulation of homeobox B7 (HOXB7), a member of the homeobox genes family, was suggested to play a role in regulation of tumorigenesis and metastases of some cancers. However, the functions of HOXB7 in association with lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) have not been investigated. The correlation between the level of HOXB7 expression and cancer progression in patients is not known. In this study, through analysis of 75 LAC samples and their corresponding normal lung epithelium tissues immunohistochemistry (IHC), we demonstrate that HOXB7 was overexpressed in LAC specimens compared to their paired normal lung epithelium tissues. Increased expression of HOXB7 was associated with poor clinical outcomes, correlating significantly with a short survival time in patients who had LAC. Moreover, HOXB7 expression level was correlated with the tumor status (P = 0.028), nodal status (P = 0.012) and tumor stage (P = 0.029) in lung adenocarcinoma. Silencing HOXB7 inhibited cell growth and metastases in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, our results suggest that HOXB7 promotes LAC progression by enhancing proliferation and metastasis. The increased expression of HOXB7 in LAC is a potential prognostic indicator for patients, and HOXB7 could be a novel target for treatment of LAC patients. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A strategy for selecting among alternative models for continuous longitudinal data
Authors: Knafl George J. , Beeber Linda , Schwartz Todd A. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractLinear mixed models (LMMs) can be used to analyze continuous longitudinal response variables of research studies. Specific aims are then addressed through tests of fixed effects comparing means. However, generated fixed effects results can vary according to the choice of the covariance structure, and so strategies for selecting a model should be utilized first to identify an appropriate covariance structure. We describe alternative LMMs for analyzing continuous longitudinal data and discuss a strategy for using model selection criteria to choose among those models. This is accomplished through the analysis of an exemplar data set considering a wide variety of alternative models for the means, variances, and correlations. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 35:647–658, 2012
Investigation on thermoresponsive behavior of biodegradable poly(γ‐glutamic acid)‐graft‐L‐phenylalanine ethyl ester
Authors: Lertworasirikul Amornrat , Choothong Nu‐orn , Yoshida Hiroaki , Matsusaki Michiya , Kida Toshiyuki , Laobuthee Apirat , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: August 2012

AbstractThe thermosensitivity of biodegradable and non‐toxic amphiphilic polymer derived from a naturally occurring polypeptide and a derivative of amino acid was first reported. The amphiphilic polymer consisted of poly(γ‐glutamic acid) (γ‐PGA) as a hydrophilic backbone, and L‐phenylalanine ethyl ester (L‐PAE) as a hydrophobic branch. Poly(γ‐glutamic acid)‐graft‐L‐phenylalanine (γ‐PGA‐graft‐L‐PAE) with grafting degrees of 7–49% were prepared by varying the content of a water‐soluble carbodiimide (WSC). γ‐PGA‐graft‐L‐PAE with a grafting degree of 49% exhibited thermoresponsive phase transition behavior in an aqueous solution at around 80°C. The copolymers with grafting degrees in the range of 30–49% showed thermoresponsive properties in NaCl solution. A clouding temperature (Tcloud) could be adjusted by changing the polymer concentration and/or NaCl concentration. The thermoresponsive behavior was reversible. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012