bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot study of a novel tool for input‐free automated identification of transition zone prostate tumors using T2‐ and diffusion‐weighted signal and textural features
Authors: Stember Joseph N. , Deng Fang‐Ming , Taneja Samir S. , Rosenkrantz Andrew B. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo present results of a pilot study to develop software that identifies regions suspicious for prostate transition zone (TZ) tumor, free of user input.Materials and MethodsEight patients with TZ tumors were used to develop the model by training a Naïve Bayes classifier to detect tumors based on selection of most accurate predictors among various signal and textural features on T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. Features tested as inputs were: average signal, signal standard deviation, energy, contrast, correlation, homogeneity and entropy (all defined on T2WI); and average ADC. A forward selection scheme was used on the remaining 20% of training set supervoxels to identify important inputs. The trained model was tested on a different set of ten patients, half with TZ tumors.ResultsIn training cases, the software tiled the TZ with 4 × 4‐voxel “supervoxels,” 80% of which were used to train the classifier. Each of 100 iterations selected T2WI energy and average ADC, which therefore were deemed the optimal model input. The two‐feature model was applied blindly to the separate set of test patients, again without operator input of suspicious foci. The software correctly predicted presence or absence of TZ tumor in all test patients. Furthermore, locations of predicted tumors corresponded spatially with locations of biopsies that had confirmed their presence.ConclusionPreliminary findings suggest that this tool has potential to accurately predict TZ tumor presence and location, without operator input. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:301–305 © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unstable relationship between spring Arctic Oscillation and East Asian summer monsoon
Authors: Gao Miao‐Ni , Yang Jing , Gong Dao‐Yi , Kim Seong‐Joong 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe relationship between spring (March to May) Arctic Oscillation (AO) and East Asian summer monsoon (EASM, May to July) on interannual timescale has a remarkable decadal variation in late 1990s, and their correlation coefficient abruptly turns from +0.77 during 1979–1997 to −0.62 during 1998–2007. In the following summer after a spring positive AO phase, the lower‐troposphere over East Asia (EA) features a cyclonic anomaly before 1997 but an anticyclonic anomaly after 1997, which results from different simultaneous air–sea features imposed by spring AO and distinctive evolution from spring to summer. In pre‐1997, the spring AO‐associated signal is mainly memorized and persists over Pacific, because the spring AO‐associated wave activity prefers the high‐latitude propagation from North Atlantic to Pacific. In contrast, a subtropical wave train from North Atlantic Ocean to Indian Ocean (IO) is evidently enhanced in post‐1997 epoch, and accordingly the IO plays a dominant role in memorizing and extending the influence of spring AO on EASM. This subtropical route of spring AO‐EASM teleconnection is a new finding. The strengthening of the subtropical wave train in post‐1997 epoch could be partly attributed to the strengthening signals of spring AO over North Atlantic Ocean.
Switching Friction with Thermal‐ Responsive Gels
Authors: Wu Yang , Cai Meirong , Pei Xiaowei , Liang Yongmin , Zhou Feng 
Published: October 2013

The thermosensitive graphene oxide (GO)/poly(N‐isopropyl acrylamide) (pNIPAM) composite hydrogels are prepared, and their tribological properties in response to external stimuli are evaluated. The frictional coefficient of the hydrogels is closely related to the gel composition and ambient temperature. When the gel is in swelling state below the low critical solution temperature (LCST), it shows ultra‐low friction and exhibits high friction at a shrunk state above the LCST. The huge difference of frictional coefficient under two states can be reversibly switched many times by altering the temperature. The incorporation of a nonthermal sensitive monomer into pNIPAM could change the LCST and thus the transformation point of frictional coefficient can be altered. These reversible and tunable frictional hydrogels have potential application in the design of intelligent control equipment.
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Suboptimal algorithms for the quadratic assignment problem
Authors: Gaschütz G. K. , Ahrens J. H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe idea of combining relatively simple continuous methods with discrete procedures is used for the construction of suboptimal algorithms for quadratic assignment problems. Depending on the nature of the special problem these steps may vary in complexity. The simplest procedures require minimum storage space and result in tolerable computation times. Different choices of parameters and random variations may be used in order to obtain statistical distributions of suboptimal solutions. Computational results for sample problems indicate improvements on results of Steinberg, Gilmore, and Hillier and Connors.
The machine sequencing problem – review and extensions
Authors: Elmaghraby Salah E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe deterministic sequencing problem is reviewed from the points of view of variety, models, context, methodology, and current state of the art. The relationship between the theory of sequencing and other areas of control is illustrated with the relationship of sequencing to inventory. The “cyclical EMQ (Economical Manufacturing Quantities)” problem is discussed and new formulations are presented which promise a computationally feasible resolution of this outstanding problem.
Optimal policies for a multi‐product inventory system with negotiable lead times
Authors: Wright Gordon P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to determine the optimum inventory policy for a multi‐product periodic review dynamic inventory system. At the beginning of each period two decisions are made for each product. How much to “normal order” with a lead time of λn periods and how much to “emergency order” with a lead time of λe periods, where λe = λn ‐ 1. It is assumed that the emergency ordering costs are higher than the normal ordering costs. The demands for each product in successive periods are assumed to form a sequence of independent identically distributed random variables with known densities. Demands for individual products within a period are assumed to be non‐negative, but they need not be independent. Whenever demand exceeds inventory their difference is backlogged rather than lost. The ordering decisions are based on certain costs and two revenue functions. Namely, the procurement costs which are assumed to be linear for both methods of ordering, convex holding and penalty costs, concave salvage gain functions, and linear credit functions. There is a restriction on the total amount that can be emergency ordered for all products. The optimal ordering policy is determined for the one and N‐period models.
A maximum utility solution to a vehicle constrained tanker scheduling problem
Authors: Bellmore M. , Bennington G. , Lubore S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA modification to the Dantzig and Fulkerson Tanker Scheduling Problem is described. An insufficient number of vehicles and a utility associated with each vehicle delivery are assumed. The new problem is shown to be equivalent to a Transshipment Problem, the solution of which is the same as the maximal utility solution of the modified Tanker Scheduling Problem. An example is given.
Analysis of the turbulent regime of the progress curve when new learning additions have variable slopes
Authors: James Paul Meyer 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLearning curves have been used extensively for predictive purposes in the airframe and other industries. In many instances this has led to erroneous results because analysts failed to extend learning curve theory and develop adequate analytical techniques in the turbulent regime of the cost history characterizing these industries. It is this area where a series of design changes induces a series of perturbations whose turbulence intensity is a function of the frequency of occurrence and magnitudes of the design changes under consideration.In Ref. 1, a series of formulations amenable to machine programming was developed for the accurate determination of perturbed unit costs. This development was based on additions of new learning having a constant slope.In this discussion, the development of Ref. 1 will be generalized by developing formulas for the addition of new effort having variable slopes. Consideration will also be given to the expressions involving elementary unit cost expressions so that cumulative average and cumulative total values can readily be obtained from existing experience curve tables. Conversely, the problem of determining the magnitudes of design changes and the slopes of new effort from graphical data will also be considered.
An evaluation of incentive contracting experience
Authors: Fisher I. N. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIncentive contracts are intended to motivate defense contractors to perform more efficiently and control costs more closely. By increasing the total profit as actual costs are reduced below a predetermined cost target, they encourage contractors to achieve cost under runs. Consequently, the principal advantage claimed for these contracts is that they make the financial incentives to reduce costs more effective.This study examines the effectiveness of incentive contracts as a means for controlling defense procurement costs. The study considers the various effects that incentive contracts may have on both contractors' performance and contract costs, and presents empirical evidence suggesting that these contracts may not have accomplished their intended goal of increased efficiency and lower procurement costs.
Discounted production scheduling and employment smoothing
Authors: Lippman Steven A. , Yuan John S. C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe consider the problem of minimizing the sum of production, employment smoothing, and inventory costs over a finite number of time periods where demands are known. The fundamental difference between our model and that treated in [1] is that here we permit the smoothing cost to be nonstationary, thereby admitting a model with discounting. We show that the values of the instrumental variables are nondecreasing in time when demands are nondecreasing. We also derive some asymptotic properties of optimal policies.
An approximative algorithm for the fixed charge problem
Authors: Denzler David R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper describes an approximate solution method for solving the fixed charge problem. This heuristic approach is applied to a set of test problems to explore the margin of error. The results indicate that the proposed fixed charge simplex algorithm is capable of finding optimal or near optimal solutions to moderate sized fixed charge problems. In the absence of an exact method, this heuristic should prove useful in solving this fundamental nonlinear programming problem.
Multi‐class inventory models with demand a function of inventory level
Authors: Iglehart Donald L. , Jaquette Stratton C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of maintaining an inventory of an item which can deteriorate and become useless. A periodic review procedure is used and new items ordered may experience a time lag in delivery. Items are considered to deteriorate through one or two states before becoming useless. Thus the deterioration process in each period plays the role of the usual demand process and is a function of the inventory level at the beginning of each period. For the case of no time lag in delivery, one stage deterioration, and either binomial or uniform deterioration, optimal ordering policies are obtained for the n‐period dynamic model with the standard cost structure. (For the shortage probability criterion see the other paper by Iglehart and Jaquette, in this issue.) These policies are of the single critical number type. For more complicated models suboptimal policies of this same type are found.
Duality for quasi‐concave programs with application to economics
Authors: Jefferson T. R. , Folie G. M. , Scott C. H. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA duality theory is developed for mathematical programs with strictly quasi‐concave objective functions to be maximized over a convex set. This work broadens the duality theory of Rockafellar and Peterson from concave (convex) functions to quasi‐concave (quasi‐convex) functions. The theory is closely related to the utility theory in economics. An example from economic planning is examined and the solution to the dual program is shown to have the properties normally associated with market prices.
On the moments of gamma order statistics
Authors: Joshi P. C. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA recurrence relation between the moments of order statistics from the gamma distribution having an integer parameter r is obtained. It is shown that if the negative moments of orders ‐(r−1), …, −1 of the smallest order statistic in random samples of size n are known, then one can obtain all the moments. Tables of negative moments for r = 2 (1) 5 are also given.
Big breakfast rich in protein and fat improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetics
Authors: Rabinovitz Hadas Rachel , Boaz Mona , Ganz Tali , Jakubowicz Daniela , Matas Zipora , Madar Zecharia , Wainstein Julio 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveOur goal was to evaluate the effect of breakfast size and composition on body weight, glycemic control, and metabolic markers in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods59 overweight/obese adults with T2DM were randomized to one of two isocaloric diabetic diets for 3 months; big breakfast (BB), breakfast was rich in fat and protein and provided 33% of total daily energy or small breakfast (SB), breakfast was rich in carbohydrates and provided 12.5% of total daily energy.ResultsAlthough body weight was reduced similarly in both groups, the BB group showed greater HbA1c and systolic blood pressure reductions (HbA1c: −4.62% vs. −1.46%, p = 0.047; SBP −9.58 vs. −2.43 mmHg; p = 0.04). T2DM medication dose was reduced in a greater proportion of the BB participants (31% vs. 0%; p = 0.002) while in the SB, a greater proportion of participants had a dose increases (16.7% vs. 3.4%; p = 0.002). Hunger scores were lower in the BB group and greater improvements in fasting glucose were observed in the BB group.ConclusionsA simple dietary manipulation enriching breakfast with energy as protein and fat appears to confer metabolic benefits and might be a useful alternative for the management of T2DM.
Design and synthesis of fluorescent core–shell nanoparticles with tunable lower critical solution temperature behavior and metal‐enhanced fluorescence
Authors: Li Aihua , Liu Jingquan , Liu Guozhen , Zhang Jizhen , Feng Shengyu 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, the preparation of fluorescent nanohybrids with core–shell structure and metal‐enhanced fluorescence (MEF) effect was presented. The fluorescent core–shell nanohybrids were prepared using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as cores and fluorophore tethered thermoresponsive copolymers with tunable lower critical solution temperature (LCST) from 15 to 90 °C as shells. These thermoresponsive copolymers were synthesized by the random copolymerization of oligo(ethylene oxide) acrylate and di(ethylene oxide) ethyl ether acrylate using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and grafted on to AgNPs surface via Ag–S coordination interaction. By thermal manipulation of polymer spacer between AgNPs and fluorophores, the tunable MEF was achieved. It was also revealed that the fluorescent nanohybrids would exhibit maximal MEF when the polymerization degree was tuned to 350. The manipulation of the solution temperatures below and above LCST resulted in switchable MEF behavior. In addition, the phase transition process of the thermoresponsive copolymer was also studied by MEF effect using this fluorescent core–shell nanohybrid design. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 87–95
Correlation of macromolecular permeability to network characteristics of multivinyl poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels
Authors: Habib Nafea Eman , Poole‐Warren Laura A. , Martens Penny J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTModulation of the structural parameters of multivinyl hydrogels allows optimization of their permeability, which is a prerequisite for different biomedical applications. However, only a few studies to date have been reported regarding macromolecular diffusion within divinyl and multivinyl systems, and even less provide information about the correlation of diffusion to the network characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the permeability performance of tailored poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) multivinyl hydrogels and correlating it to the network characteristics using two common theories: rubber elasticity and equilibrium swelling. A systematic increase in the number of functional groups per PVA backbone successfully modulated the PVA physicomechanical properties. These modifications resulted in varying the hydrogel permeability performance to solutes of different sizes and shapes. Correlating the network characteristics to macromolecular permeability of hydrogels proved the reliability of applying the equilibrium swelling theory for hydrogel mesh size estimation over the rubber elasticity theory. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 63–72
Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species Mark and Influence the Megakaryocyte-Erythrocyte Progenitor Fate of Common Myeloid Progenitors
Authors: Shinohara Akihito , Imai Yoichi , Nakagawa Masahiro , Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Ichikawa Motoshi , Kurokawa Mineo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
While most studies regarding reactive oxygen species (ROS) focus on their deleterious biological effects, a growing body of evidence indicates the importance of ROS as critical mediators of several signaling pathways, including those involved in hematopoiesis. In this study, we show the critical role of ROS in lineage decision of myeloid progenitors. In megakaryocyte-erythrocyte progenitor cells (MEP), intracellular ROS levels were found to be as low as those in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). In contrast, remarkably high intracellular ROS levels were observed in granulocyte-monocyte progenitor cells. Intracellular ROS levels in common myeloid progenitors (CMP) were inversely correlated with their MEP differentiation potential. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis revealed that ROS-low CMP showed gene expression patterns similar to those of MEP, indicating that intracellular ROS levels mark the fate of CMP. In in vitro assays, ROS significantly suppressed the generation of MEP and the formation of megakaryocyte-erythrocyte colonies from CMP. In ROS-high CMP, expression of colony-stimulating factor one receptor (CSF1R) was highly upregulated, and its surface expression correlated with their granulocyte-monocyte differentiation potential. Furthermore, ROS was found to induce the expression of CSF1R mRNA in a leukemia cell line. These data provide novel insights into the relationship between ROS and the hematopoietic differentiation system. Stem Cells 2014;32:548–557
Lu2Te3O9: The First Example of the Triclinic C‐Type Lanthanoid(III) Oxotellurates(IV) with the Composition M2Te3O9
Authors: Höss Patrick , Meier Steffen F. , Schleid Thomas 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBy fusing Lu2O3 and TeO2 in a molar ratio of 1:3 in a CsCl flux, colorless single crystals of the lutetium(III) oxotellurate(IV) Lu2Te3O9 could be obtained as first representative of the structurally so far unknown C‐type for the composition M2Te3O9. The title compound crystallizes triclinically in space group P$\bar{1}$ with a = 689.67(4) pm, b = 1320.91(8) pm, c = 1450.06(9) pm, α = 110.057(3)°, β = 90.606(3)°, γ = 100.125(3)°, and Z = 6. The crystal structure contains six different Lu3+ cations in eightfold (Lu1 and Lu2: trigonal dodecahedra) and sevenfold (Lu3 and Lu6: monocapped trigonal prisms; Lu4 and Lu5: pentagonal bipyramids) oxygen coordination. These lutetium–oxygen polyhedra (d(Lu–O) = 214–274 pm) are condensed to serrated layers according to 2∞{[Lu6O26]34–} that are stacked along [100]. The oxotellurate(IV) partial structure consists of basically nine crystallographically independent [TeO3]2– (d(Te–O) = 184–196 pm) units connecting the above‐mentioned layers to a three‐dimensional framework. Strong secondary Te4+···O2– interactions between adjacent [TeO3]2– entities as common feature in the crystal structures of all known ternary lanthanoid(III) oxotellurates(IV) are also present in the crystal structure of Lu2Te3O9. Depending upon the range of these secondary contacts taken into account, the [TeO3]2– units are linked to form one‐dimensional strands (d(Te···O) = 237–272 pm) like in B‐type Dy2Te3O9 or even two‐dimensional layers emerge (d(Te···O) = 237–285 pm).
Iwao's patchiness regression through the origin: biological importance and efficiency of sampling applications
Authors: Waters Edward Kyle , Furlong Michael J. , Benke Kurt K. , Grove James Robin , Hamilton Andrew John 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIwao's mean crowding‐mean density relation can be treated both as a linear function describing the biological characteristics of a species at a population level, or a regression model fitted to empirical data (Iwao's patchiness regression). In this latter form its parameters are commonly used to construct sampling plans for insect pests, which are characteristically patchily distributed or overdispersed. It is shown in this paper that modifying both the linear function and statistical model to force the intercept or lower functional limit through the origin results in more intuitive biological interpretation of parameters and better sampling economy. Firstly, forcing the function through the origin has the effect of ensuring that zero crowding occurs when zero individuals occupy a patch. Secondly, it ensures that negative values of the intercept, which do not yield an intuitive biological interpretation, will not arise. It is shown analytically that sequential sampling plans based on regression through the origin should be more efficient compared to plans based on conventional regression. For two overdispersed data sets, through‐origin based plans collected a significantly lower sample size during validation than plans based on conventional regression, but the improvement in sampling efficiency was not large enough to be of practical benefit. No difference in sample size was observed when through‐origin and conventional regression based plans were validated using underdispersed data. A field researcher wishing to adopt a through‐origin form of Iwao's regression for the biological reasons outlined above can therefore be confident that their sampling strategies will not be affected by doing so.