bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White Spots on Smoke Rings by Bruce Nauman: A Case Study On Contemporary Art Conservation Using Microanalytical Techniques
Authors: Mafalda Ana Cardeira , Câmara Rodrigo Bettencourt da , Strzelec Patrick , Schiavon Nick , Mirão José , Candeias António , Carvalho Maria Luísa , Manso Marta 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe artwork “Smoke Rings: Two Concentric Tunnels, Non-Communicating” by Bruce Nauman represents a case study of corrosion of a black patina-coated Al-alloy contemporary artwork. The main concern over this artwork was the widespread presence of white spots on its surface. Alloy substrate, patina, and white spots were characterized by means of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Alloy substrate was identified as an aluminum alloy 6,000 series Al–Si–Mg. Patina’s identified composition confirmed the documentation provided by the atelier. Concerning the white spots, zircon particles were found on patina surface as external elements.
Sociodemographic and clinical correlates of migrant status in adults with psychotic disorders: data from the Australian Survey of High Impact Psychosis
Authors: Saha S. , Morgan V. A. , Castle D. , Silove D. , McGrath J. J. 
Published: August 2014

Objective.The links between migrant status and psychosis have attracted considerable attention in recent decades. The aim of the study was to explore the demographic and clinical correlates of migrantv. Australia-born status in individuals with psychotic disorders using a large community-based sample.Method.Data were drawn from a population-based prevalence survey of adults with psychotic disorders. Known as the Survey of High Impact Psychosis (SHIP), it was conducted in seven Australian catchment areas in 2010. Logistic regression was used for the main analyses, examining associations of migrant status with sociodemographic and clinical variables.Results.Of the 1825 participants with psychotic disorders, 17.8% (n = 325) were migrants, of whom 55.7% (n = 181) were male. Compared to Australia-born individuals with psychosis, migrants were more likely to be currently married, to have completed a higher level at school, to have left school later, and to be employed with full-time jobs. Migrants with psychosis were either no different from or less impaired or disadvantaged compared to their Australian-born counterparts on a range of clinical and demographic variables.Conclusions.In a sample of individuals with psychotic disorders, there was no evidence to suggest that migrant status was associated with worse clinical or socio-economic outcomes compared to their native-born counterparts.
A Dissection of Pensions Funding
Authors: O'Regan W. S. , Weeder J. 
Published: August 2014

This paper is about actuarial methods of funding pension schemes and follows on from the report of the Working Party of the Pensions Standards Joint Committee on Terminology of Pension Funding Methods (The Terminology Report) published in 1984. It looks at the basic structure of the main methods and at how they behave. We then discuss the question of the suitability of the methods under various conditions. The reader may find it useful to have a copy of the Terminology Report to hand.The paper is written against a background of uncertainty, as regards the State Earnings-Related Pension Scheme, and of great debate and legislative activity as regards Occupational Pension Schemes. This activity and debate makes it more important than ever before that the actuarial profession explains its methods and approaches to those in the pensions industry who are not actuaries, but who nevertheless rely on actuarial advice.
Repackaging the Life Office
Authors: Kerr A. , Rogers I. 
Published: August 2014

Traditionally the interest of actuaries and many other life assurance specialists in the ‘corporate structure’ of life offices has largely been limited to questions surrounding the distinctions between mutual and proprietary companies. More recently, attention has also been paid to composite insurance companies—principally to protect the interests of the long term business policyholders.Developments over the past ten years or so have led many life offices to reappraise their corporate structure. A number of companies have decided to set up a (non-insurance) group holding company, the principal subsidiary of which would be the established life assurance company. This paper will consider some of the pressures which have resulted in these reorganizations, in particular:(a) the impact of Section 16 of the Insurance Companies Act 1982 which restricts insurance companies to only conducting activities in connection with insurance;(b) the various provisions in the Insurance Companies Regulations 1981 which limit the admissibility of particular assets and specify minimum accounting standards which must be adopted when writing down certain fixed assets;(c) the additional flexibility with regard to marketing and the financing of marketing costs which a revised structure will allow;(d) the purchase of companies for sums substantially in excess of their net asset value which may give rise to difficulties in accounting for the ‘goodwill element’ in the purchase price;(e) the potential tax advantages (and, in some cases, disadvantages) which may result from the creation of a non-insurance holding company.
Perspectives on Actuarial Education
Authors: Hardy M. R. , Dickson D. C. M. , Paterson L. J. 
Published: August 2014

The education of actuarial students has been a problem for the profession almost since its inception. Despite considerable efforts to seek improvements, difficulties have repeatedly arisen in the examinations, the syllabus and the teaching.Over the past five years the profession has identified four major areas of concern:—The average time to qualification of those who complete the exams is too long.—The proportion of entrants who never qualify is too high.—It is becoming difficult to recruit enough students to produce the required number of qualified actuaries 4–10 years later.—There are insufficient actuaries available to fulfil the tutoring and examining duties required by the education service.The first three of these points can be illustrated by considering a single cohort. In 1980, 289 students enrolled in the Institute. Only 5% of these had completed the exams within 4 years, and only 14% within 5 years. It is unlikely that more than about 30% of this cohort will ever qualify. Incidentally, much of the careers literature available to these students indicated that a diligent (but not extraordinary) student could expect to qualify in 3 or 4 years.
AIDS and the Actuary
Authors: Kerr M. G. 
Published: August 2014

Throughout this century we have become accustomed to regular improvement in mortality rates at most ages. For life office actuaries this trend could be regarded as a potential source of profit for assurance business, but as a possible source of loss for annuities. However, since the movements in mortality were gradual then mortality rates at any given time could be estimated with a fair degree of confidence.In this relatively stable environment, there was little concern over the first report of a death caused by complete and unaccountable failure of the immune system in the United States of America in 1981. When the number of such deaths began to grow and to migrate to Europe than actuaries had to take notice. Here was a disease (called AIDS) which was causing deaths at an alarmingly increasing rate and which medical science seemed powerless to counter. Concern grew about the effect which a major increase in mortality rates caused by AIDS would have on the financial health of life offices.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Antimalarial Pharmacodynamics of Piperaquine in Patients With Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Thailand
Authors: Tarning J , Thana P , Phyo AP , Lwin KM , Hanpithakpong W , Ashley EA , Day NPJ , Nosten F , White NJ 
Published: August 2014

Dihydroartemisinin‐piperaquine is an effective drug in the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperaquine in patients with P. vivax malaria in Thailand after a standard regimen of dihydroartemisinin‐piperaquine to determine whether residual piperaquine prevents or delays the emergence of P. vivax relapse. Sparse blood samples were collected from 116 patients. Piperaquine pharmacokinetics were described well by a three‐compartment distribution model. Relapsing P. vivax malaria was accommodated by a constant baseline hazard (8.94 relapses/year) with the addition of a surge function in a fixed 3‐week interval and a protective piperaquine effect. The results suggest that a large proportion of the first relapses were suppressed completely by residual piperaquine concentrations and that recurrences resulted mainly from emergence of the second or third relapse or from reinfection. This suggests a significant reduction in P. vivax morbidity when using dihydroartemisinin‐piperaquine compared with other antimalarial drugs with shorter terminal postprophylactic effects.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2014) 3, e132; doi:10.1038/psp.2014.29; published online 27 August 2014
Le pendulis : un dispositif de distalisation molaire sur minivis palatine
Authors: Nappée-Miévilly Magali , Nappée François-Joseph , Kerbrat Jean-Baptiste , Goudot Patrick 
Published: August 2014

La distalisation molaire maxillaire est une option thérapeutique précieuse dans certains tableaux cliniques. Sa biomécanique est cependant délicate à réaliser et l’histoire de l’orthodontie est émaillée de la description de différents dispositifs proposant des solutions pour une plus grande simplicité et une meilleure efficacité dans l’obtention de ce mouvement dentaire difficile. Dans ce contexte, les dispositifs palatins emportent un réel succès auprès des praticiens, depuis le pendulum de Hilgers (1992) jusqu’à ses variantes portées sur minivis dont ont été montrés récemment les intérêts cliniques. Cet article présente une nouvelle variante du pendulum sur minivis, le « pendulis ». Il reprend le concept d’origine (ressorts de distalisation en alliage de titane-molybdène et pastille de polyméthacrylate de méthyle) mais l’appui dentaire est remplacé par une unique minivis palatine (médiane chez l’adulte, para-médiane chez l’enfant) sur laquelle est fixé le dispositif au moyen d’un capuchon métallique soudé, aisément positionnable et extractible par le praticien, permettant une meilleure maîtrise de l’hygiène orale et une activation extra-buccale totalement contrôlée. Les étapes de sa fabrication sont détaillées et son usage est illustré à travers un exemple clinique.
Dipolar correlations in liquid water
Authors: Zhang Cui , Galli Giulia 
Published: August 2014

We present an analysis of the dipolar correlations in water as a function of temperature and density and in the presence of simple ionic solutes, carried out using molecular dynamics simulations and empirical potentials. We show that the dipole-dipole correlation function of the liquid exhibits sizable oscillations over nanodomains of about 1.5 nm radius, with several isosbestic points as a function of temperature; the size of the nanodomains is nearly independent on temperature and density, between 240 and 400 K and 0.9 and 1.3 g/cm3, but it is substantially affected by the presence of solvated ions. In the same range of thermodynamic conditions, the decay time (τ) of the system dipole moment varies by a factor of about 30 and 1.5, as a function of temperature and density, respectively. At 300 K, we observed a maximum in τ as a function of density, and a corresponding shallow maximum in the tetrahedral order parameter, in a range where the diffusion coefficient, the pressure and the dielectric constant increase monotonically.
HDAC3 controls gap 2/mitosis progression in adult neural stem/progenitor cells by regulating CDK1 levels
Authors: Jiang Yindi , Hsieh Jenny 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Cell cycle regulation is one of the most fundamental mechanisms to control various biological processes, including the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) in adult mouse brain. This study shows that histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), a well-studied epigenetic factor, is required for the proliferation of neural stem cells. We also demonstrate that HDAC3 controls gap 2 and mitosis phase of cell cycle through stabilization of cell cycle protein cyclin-dependent kinase 1. These findings suggest an important role for HDAC3 in NSPC proliferation, and modulation of HDAC3 activity pharmacologically may be beneficial for tissue regeneration and cancer therapy.
Gender Transitions in Later Life: A Queer Perspective on Successful Aging
Authors: Fabbre Vanessa D. 
Published: August 2014

Purpose of the Study:Most understandings of successful aging are developed within a heteronormative cultural framework, leading to a dearth of theoretical and empirical scholarship relevant to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) older adults. This study explores the experiences of transgender persons who contemplate or pursue a gender transition in later life in order to develop culturally diverse conceptualizations of health and wellness in older age.Design and Methods:Using the extended case method, in-depth interviews were conducted with male-to-female-identified persons (N = 22) who have seriously contemplated or pursued a gender transition past the age of 50. In addition, 170hr of participant observation was carried out at 3 national transgender conferences generating ethnographic field notes on the topics of aging and gender transitions in later life.Results:Interpretive analyses suggest that many transgender older adults experience challenges to their gender identities that put their emotional and physical well-being at risk. Contemporary queer theory is used to understand these experiences and argue that greater attention to experiences of queer “failure” and negotiating “success on new terms” may be integral aspects of growth and development for transgender older adults.Implications:The Baby Boom generation is aging in a post-Stonewall, LGBTQ civil rights era, yet gerontology’s approach to gender and sexual identity has largely been formulated from a heteronormative perspective. A framework for understanding older transgender persons’ experiences informed by queer theory offers a new orientation for conceptualizing successful aging in the lives of marginalized gender and sexual minorities.
Evaluating stock structure hypotheses using genetically determined close relatives: a simulation study on North Atlantic fin whales
Authors: Elvarsson Bjarki Þór 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCertain facets of the population dynamics of a species are hard to quantify, including stock structure. In particular, geographical boundaries of stocks or populations are often hard to estimate. This document discusses the application of a recent tagging method, applicable when breeding populations overlap on feeding grounds. The tagging efficiency is augmented with information on genetically determined close relatives. The proposed tagging method is studied using simulations. Statistics which can be used to compare rivalling stock structure hypotheses are introduced and contrasted. The simulation emulates competing stock structure hypotheses for North Atlantic fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus). The results indicate that, in the case of North Atlantic fin whales, a considerable improvement can be made in terms discriminatory power using information on close relatives when compared with more conventional tag-recapture experiments.
The Profits–Leverage Puzzle Revisited
Authors: Frank Murray Z. , Goyal Vidhan K. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The inverse relation between leverage and profitability is widely regarded as a serious defect of the trade-off theory. We show that the defect is not with the theory but with the use of a leverage ratio in which profitability affects both the numerator and the denominator. Profitability directly increases the value of equity. Firms do take the predicted offsetting actions. They issue debt and repurchase equity when profitability rises, and retire debt and issue equity when profitability falls. Consistent with variable transactions costs, the adjustment is not generally sufficient to fully undo the profitability shocks. Accordingly, on average the leverage ratio falls as profitability rises.
Development of an Electronic Pediatric All-Cause Harm Measurement Tool Using a Modified Delphi Method
Authors: Stockwell David Christopher , Bisarya Hema , Classen David C. , Kirkendall Eric S. , Lachman Peter I. , Matlow Anne G. , Tham Eric , Hyman Dan , Lehman Samuel M. , Searles Elizabeth , Muething Stephen E. , Sharek Paul J. 
Published: August 2014

Objectives
To have impact on reducing harm in pediatric inpatients, an efficient and reliable process for harm detection is needed. This work describes the first step toward the development of a pediatric all-cause harm measurement tool by recognized experts in the field.

Methods
An international group of leaders in pediatric patient safety and informatics were charged with developing a comprehensive pediatric inpatient all-cause harm measurement tool using a modified Delphi technique. The process was conducted in 5 distinct steps: (1) literature review of triggers (elements from a medical record that assist in identifying patient harm) for inclusion; (2) translation of triggers to likely associated harm, improving the ability for expert prioritization; (3) 2 applications of a modified Delphi selection approach with consensus criteria using severity and frequency of harm as well as detectability of the associated trigger as criteria to rate each trigger and associated harm; (4) developing specific trigger logic and relevant values when applicable; and (5) final vetting of the entire trigger list for pilot testing.

Results
Literature and expert panel review identified 108 triggers and associated harms suitable for consideration (steps 1 and 2). This list was pared to 64 triggers and their associated harms after the first of the 2 independent expert reviews. The second independent expert review led to further refinement of the trigger package, resulting in 46 items for inclusion (step 3). Adding in specific trigger logic expanded the list. Final review and voting resulted in a list of 51 triggers (steps 4 and 5).

Conclusions
Application of a modified Delphi method on an expert-constructed list of 108 triggers, focusing on severity and frequency of harms as well as detectability of triggers in an electronic medical record, resulted in a final list of 51 pediatric triggers. Pilot testing this list of pediatric triggers to identify all-cause harm for pediatric inpatients is the next step to establish the appropriateness of each trigger for inclusion in a global pediatric safety measurement tool.
Efficacy and Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Global Environmental Cleaning Algorithm on Hospital-Acquired Infection Rates
Authors: Everett Barbara R. , Sitton J. Tracy , Wilson Marlene 
Published: August 2014

Objective
This study evaluates clinical outcomes and cost-benefit analysis before and after implementation of a global environmental cleaning algorithm on all hospital-acquired infection (HAI) rates.

Methods
A retrospective, quasi-experimental study design was used to review the hospital's procedure and infection rate database for all HAIs from January 1, 2009, through June 30, 2011. We calculated the infection rates and did a cost-benefit analysis before and after the environmental cleaning algorithm was instituted on July 19, 2010.

Results
The methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus rates per 1000 patient days decreased 63%. The central line–associated bloodstream infection rate had a 72% reduction. The catheter-associated urinary tract infection rate dropped 79%. The vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus rate went down 53%. The hospital-acquired Acinetobacter baumanii infection rate had a 65% reduction. The medical intensive care unit ventilator-associated pneumonia rate was reduced 72%. Cardiothoracic sternal wound surgical site infection (SSI) rate dropped 93%, spinal fusion SSI decreased 56%, and total knee arthroplasty SSI was eliminated with a 100% reduction. The hospital avoided an estimated 13 deaths and $5,800,526 in costs during a 1-year period.

Conclusions
This global environmental cleaning protocol was associated with decreased HAIs and hospital costs.
ReNette: a web-infrastructure for reproducible network analysis
Authors: Filosi M. , Droghetti S. , Arbitrio E. , Visintainer R. , Riccadonna S. , Jurman G. , Furlanello C. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTSummaryHere we introduce a novel web-infrastructure for differential network analysis. The aim of the web-site is to provide a comprehensive collection of tools for network inference, network comparison and network reproducibility analysis. Four main processes are available through the web service: the network inference process which include 11 reconstruction algorithms, the network distance process with 3 available metrics, the network stability process which includes all the network reconstruction methods and network distances and the netwok statistic process which computes the most common measures for network characterization. We introduce here a novel infrastructure which allows the user-interface logic to be separated from computing services and the asynchronous task management. Task submission is implemented mimicking the high performance computing queue submission system which allows to run multiple jobs without affecting the front-end server.Availability and ImplementationThe web-site is available athttps://renette.fbk.eu, the implementation is based on the django framework and Apache, with all major browsers supported. Furthermore, the whole project is Open Source underGPLv2and the code is available on GitHub athttps://github.com/MPBA/renettefor local installation.Contactjurman@fbk.eu;
The downward spiral: eco-evolutionary feedback loops lead to the emergence of ‘elastic’ ranges
Authors: Kubisch Alexander , Winter Anna-Marie , Fronhofer Emanuel A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn times of severe environmental changes and resulting shifts in the geographical distribution of animal and plant species it is crucial to unravel the mechanisms responsible for the dynamics of species’ ranges. Without such a mechanistic understanding, reliable projections of future species distributions are difficult to derive. Species’ ranges may be highly dynamic. One particularly interesting phenomenon is range contraction following a period of expansion, referred to as ‘elastic’ behaviour. It has been proposed that this phenomenon occurs in habitat gradients, which are characterized by a negative cline in selection for dispersal from the range core towards the margin, as one may find, for example, with increasing patch isolation. Using individual-based simulations and numerical analyses we show that Allee effects are an important determinant of range border elasticity. If only intra-specific processes are considered, Allee effects are even a necessary condition for ranges to exhibit elastic behavior. The eco-evolutionary interplay between dispersal evolution, Allee effects and habitat isolation leads to lower colonization probability and higher local extinction risk after range expansions, which result in an increasing amount of marginal sink patches and consequently, range contraction. We also demonstrate that the nature of the gradient is crucial for range elasticity. Gradients which do not select for lower dispersal at the margin than in the core (especially gradients in patch size, demographic stochasticity and extinction rate) do not lead to elastic range behavior. Thus, we predict that range contractions are likely to occur after periods of expansion for species living in gradients of increasing patch isolation, which suffer from Allee effects.