bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National Trends Over 25 Years in Pediatric Kidney Transplant Outcomes
Authors: Van Arendonk Kyle J. , Boyarsky Brian J. , Orandi Babak J. , James Nathan T. , Smith Jodi M. , Colombani Paul M. , Segev Dorry L. 
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate changes in pediatric kidney transplant outcomes over time and potential variations in these changes between the early and late posttransplant periods and across subgroups based on recipient, donor, and transplant characteristics.

METHODS:
Using multiple logistic regression and multivariable Cox models, graft and patient outcomes were analyzed in 17 446 pediatric kidney-only transplants performed in the United States between 1987 and 2012.

RESULTS:
Ten-year patient and graft survival rates were 90.5% and 60.2%, respectively, after transplantation in 2001, compared with 77.6% and 46.8% after transplantation in 1987. Primary nonfunction and delayed graft function occurred in 3.3% and 5.3%, respectively, of transplants performed in 2011, compared with 15.4% and 19.7% of those performed in 1987. Adjusted for recipient, donor, and transplant characteristics, these improvements corresponded to a 5% decreased hazard of graft loss, 5% decreased hazard of death, 10% decreased odds of primary nonfunction, and 5% decreased odds of delayed graft function with each more recent year of transplantation. Graft survival improvements were lower in adolescent and female recipients, those receiving pretransplant dialysis, and those with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Patient survival improvements were higher in those with elevated peak panel reactive antibody. Both patient and graft survival improvements were most pronounced in the first posttransplant year.

CONCLUSIONS:
Outcomes after pediatric kidney transplantation have improved dramatically over time for all recipient subgroups, especially for highly sensitized recipients. Most improvement in graft and patient survival has come in the first year after transplantation, highlighting the need for continued progress in long-term outcomes.
MRSA Colonization and Risk of Infection in the Neonatal and Pediatric ICU: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Zervou Fainareti N. , Zacharioudakis Ioannis M. , Ziakas Panayiotis D. , Mylonakis Eleftherios 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in NICUs and PICUs. Our objective was to assess the burden of MRSA colonization on admission, study the time trends, and examine the significance of MRSA colonization in this population.

METHODS:
PubMed and Embase databases were consulted. Studies that reported prevalence of MRSA colonization on ICU admission were selected. Two authors independently extracted data on MRSA colonization and infection.

RESULTS:
We identified 18 suitable articles and found an overall prevalence of MRSA colonization of 1.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3%–2.6%) on admission to the NICU or PICU, with a stable trend over the past 12 years. Interestingly, 5.8% (95% CI 1.9%–11.4%) of outborn neonates were colonized with MRSA on admission to NICU, compared with just 0.2% (95% CI 0.0%–0.9%) of inborn neonates (P = .01). The pooled acquisition rate of MRSA colonization was 4.1% (95% CI 1.2%–8.6%) during the NICU and PICU stay and was as high as 6.1% (95% CI 2.8%–10.6%) when the NICU population was studied alone. There was a relative risk of 24.2 (95% CI 8.9–66.0) for colonized patients to develop a MRSA infection during hospitalization.

CONCLUSIONS:
In the NICU and PICU, there are carriers of MRSA on admission, and MRSA colonization in the NICU is almost exclusively associated with outborn neonates. Importantly, despite infection control measures, the acquisition rate is high, and patients colonized with MRSA on admission are more likely to suffer a MRSA infection during hospitalization.
Patterns of Mobile Device Use by Caregivers and Children During Meals in Fast Food Restaurants
Authors: Radesky Jenny S. , Kistin Caroline J. , Zuckerman Barry , Nitzberg Katie , Gross Jamie , Kaplan-Sanoff Margot , Augustyn Marilyn , Silverstein Michael 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Mobile devices are a ubiquitous part of American life, yet how families use this technology has not been studied. We aimed to describe naturalistic patterns of mobile device use by caregivers and children to generate hypotheses about its effects on caregiver–child interaction.

METHODS:
Using nonparticipant observational methods, we observed 55 caregivers eating with 1 or more young children in fast food restaurants in a single metropolitan area. Observers wrote detailed field notes, continuously describing all aspects of mobile device use and child and caregiver behavior during the meal. Field notes were then subjected to qualitative analysis using grounded theory methods to identify common themes of device use.

RESULTS:
Forty caregivers used devices during their meal. The dominant theme salient to mobile device use and caregiver–child interaction was the degree of absorption in devices caregivers exhibited. Absorption was conceptualized as the extent to which primary engagement was with the device, rather than the child, and was determined by frequency, duration, and modality of device use; child response to caregiver use, which ranged from entertaining themselves to escalating bids for attention, and how caregivers managed this behavior; and separate versus shared use of devices. Highly absorbed caregivers often responded harshly to child misbehavior.

CONCLUSIONS:
We documented a range of patterns of mobile device use, characterized by varying degrees of absorption. These themes may be used as a foundation for coding schemes in quantitative studies exploring device use and child outcomes.
Self-Assembling Gels of a Hydrophobically Modified Biopolymer
Authors: Venkataraman Pradeep , St. Dennis Joy , Zheng Rubo , Arora Jaspreet , Owoseni Olasehinde , John Vijay T. , Raghavan Srinivasa 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe self-assembly of a hydrophobically modified biopolymer (chitosan) is described with particular reference to gelation of these systems. The hydrophobic modification consists of the attachment of long chain alkyl groups inserted randomly along the polysaccharide backbone. The attachment of these alkyl groups to hydrophobic surfaces or the insertion into nonpolar liquids provides a ubiquitous and versatile way to create hierarchical structures, particularly the formation of self-assembled gels. Such self-assembly can be used in a variety of new technologies relating to chromatography, lubrication and the environmental remediation of oil spills through gelation of surface layers.
Atomic Layer Deposited Al2O3 and Parylene C Bi-layer Encapsulation for Utah Electrode Array Based Neural Interfaces
Authors: Xie Xianzong , Rieth Loren W. , Sharma Rohit , Negi Sandeep , Bhandari Rajmohan , Caldwell Ryan , Tathireddy Prashant , Solzbacher Florian 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTLong-term functionality and stability of neural interfaces with complex geometries is one of the major challenges for chronic clinic applications due to lack of effective encapsulation. We present an encapsulation method that combines atomic layer deposited Al2O3 and Parylene C for encapsulation of biomedical implantable devices, focusing on its application on Utah electrode array based neural interfaces. The alumina and Parylene C bi-layer encapsulated wired Utah electrode array showed relatively stable impedance during the 960 equivalent soaking days at 37 °C in phosphate buffered solution. For the bi-layer coated wireless neural interfaces, the power-up frequency was constantly ∼ 910 MHz and the RF signal strength was stably around -73 dBm during equivalent soaking time of 1044 days at 37 °C (still under soak testing).
Sapling performance along resource gradients drives tree species distributions within and across tropical forests
Authors: Sterck F. , Markesteijn L. , Toledo M. , Schieving F. , Poorter L. 
Published: March 2014

Niche differentiation is a major hypothesized determinant of species distributions, but its practical importance is heavily debated and its underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Trait‐based approaches have been used to infer niche differentiation and predict species distributions. For understanding underlying mechanisms, individual traits should be scaled up to whole‐plant performance, which has rarely been done.We measured seven key traits that are important for carbon and water balance for 37 tropical tree species. We used a process‐based plant physiological model to simulate the carbon budget of saplings along gradients of light and water availability, and quantified the performance of the species in terms of their light compensation points (a proxy for shade tolerance), water compensation points (proxy for drought tolerance), and maximum carbon gain rates (proxy for potential growth rate). We linked species performances to their observed distributions (the realized niches) at two spatial scales in Bolivian lowland forests: along a canopy openness gradient at local scale (∼1 km2) and along a rainfall gradient (1100–2200 mm/yr) at regional (∼1000 km) scale.We show that the water compensation point was the best predictor of species distributions along water and light resource gradients within and across tropical forests. A sensitivity analysis suggests that the stomatal regulation of minimum leaf water potentials, rather than stem hydraulic traits (sapwood area and specific conductivity), contributed to the species differences in the water compensation point of saplings. The light compensation point and maximum carbon gain, both driven by leaf area index and leaf nitrogen concentration, also contributed to differential species distributions at the local scale, but not or only marginally at the regional scale. Trait‐and‐physiology‐based simulations of whole‐plant performance thus help to evaluate the possible roles of individual traits in physiological processes underlying species performance along environmental gradients. The development of such whole‐plant concepts will improve our ability to understand responses of plant communities to shifts in resource availability and stress under global change.
Modeling of frequency response of transformer winding with axial deformations
Authors: Gawrylczyk K.M. , Banaszak S. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
One of important methods used for diagnostics of a transformer’s active part is Frequency Response Analysis (FRA). It allows to determine the mechanical condition of windings, their displacements, deformations and electric faults, as well as some problems with internal leads and connections, core and bushings. Still pending problem is interpretation of measurements results. One of approaches is application of computer modeling to simulate various failure modes and connected with them changes in FRA response. The paper presents two types of models, one based on lumped parameters with RLC elements, and one based on distributed parameters with TLM method. Both methods give similar results, comparable to real measurements of simulated coil
ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL CONDITION ASSESSMENT OF GAS TURBINE BLADES WITH NON-DESTRUCTIVE METHODS
Authors: Błachnio Józef 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Structural components of gas turbines, particularly the blades, sustain a variety of damages during the operation process. The most frequent cause of these damages are the overheating and thermal fatigue of the material. A primary technique to assess condition of the blades is the metallographic examination. In spite of the fact that metallographic analysis delivers much more information on the structure of examined blade material, it is a type of destructive test resulting in the destruction of the blade which makes further utilization of the item impossible. The paper has been intended to discuss non-destructive testing methods and to present capabilities of applying them to diagnose objectively changes in the microstructure of a turbine blade with computer software engaged to assist with the analyses. The following techniques are discussed: a visual method, based on the processing of images of the material surface in visible light, active thermography, based on the detection of infrared radiation, and the X-ray computed tomography. All these are new non-destructive methods of assessing technical condition of structural components of machines. They have been intensively developed at research centers worldwide, and in Poland. The computer-aided visual method of analyzing images enables diagnosis of the condition of turbine blades, without the necessity of dismantling of the turbine. On the other hand, the active thermography and the X-ray computed tomography, although more sensitive and more reliable, can both be used with the blades dismounted from the turbine. If applied in a complex way, the non-destructive methods presented in this paper, are expected to increase significantly probability of detecting changes in the blade’s condition, which in turn would be advantageous to reliability and safety of gas turbine service
SOFTWARE SUPPORT DEVELOPMENT FOR NUMERICAL SOLUTION OF ANSYS CFX
Authors: Brestovič Tomáš , Jasminská Natália 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The paper deals with possibilities to apply a new developed software support for simulation programme ANSYS CFX. A direct export of heat-transfer coefficients into variables used under edge conditions as well as of physical properties of gas mixtures into material properties during simulation solution of technical tasks means a significant saving of time. The paper summarizes in detail description of the software for calculation of heat-transfer coefficient during free convection (HTC-FC) and of material properties of gas mixture (MPGM) that enable to export calculated data directly into the text files which can be imported then into the programme ANSYS CFX.
FRICTIONAL HEATING OF SLIDING SEMI-SPACES WITH SIMPLE THERMAL NONLINEARITIES
Authors: Och Ewa 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In the article the nonstationary thermal problem of friction for two semi-spaces with taking into account their imperfect thermal contact and thermosensitivity of materials (simple nonlinearity), has been considered. The linearization of this problem has been carried out using Kirchhoff transformation, and next using the Laplace integral transform. The analytical solution to the problem in the case of constant speed sliding, has been obtained. On the basis of the obtained solutions and using Duhamel's formula, the analytical solution to the problem for sliding with constant deceleration, has been obtained, too. The results of numerical analysis are presented for two friction pairs
Orthogonal Polynomials On Ellipses And Their Recurrence Relations
Authors: Lauric Vasile 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this note we study the connection between orthogonal polynomials on an ellipse and orthogonal Laurent polynomials on the unit circle relative to some multiplicative measures and then establish the recurrence relations for orthogonal polynomials on an ellipse. The matrix representation of the operator of multiplication by coordinate function is obtained
Slice Theorem For Differential Spaces And Reduction By Stages
Authors: Lusala Tsasa , Śniatycki Jędrzej 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe show that the space P/G of orbits of a proper action of a Lie group G on a locally compact differential space P is a locally compact differential space with quotient topology. Applying this result to reduction of symmetries of Hamiltonian systems, we prove the reduction by stages theorem
North-Tethyan Tithonian chitinoidellids from exotic limestone pebbles in the Silesian Nappe (Polish Outer Carpathians)
Authors: Kowal-Kasprzyk Justyna 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A small group of Tithonian planktonic ciliates, little-known in the area of the Polish Outer Carpathians, has been recorded in exotic limestones from the western part of the Silesian Nappe. Eleven species of the family Chitinoidellidae Trejo, 1975, belonging to the genera Chitinoidella, Daciella, Dobeniella, Longicollaria and Popiella are described here. The majority of studied samples have been assigned to the Boneti Subzone of the Chitinoidella Zone. Exotics with chitinoidellids represent environments which can be interpreted as platform margin reefs, slope of platform and inner platform
Modulation of keratin 1, 10 and involucrin expression as part of the complex response of the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT to ultraviolet radiation
Authors: Moravcová Martina , Libra Antonín , Dvořáková Jana , Víšková Alena , Muthný Tomáš , Velebný Vladimír , Kubala Lukáš 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Skin exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light evokes a complex stress response in keratinocytes. Keratin filament organization provides structural stability and mechanical integrity of keratinocytes. Involucrin is a transglutaminase substrate protein contributing to the formation of insoluble cornified envelopes. However, a more complex role for keratins and involucrin has been proposed, including the regulation of cell stress response. The aim was to evaluate modulations of keratin 1, 10 and involucrin expression in HaCaT in the light of the complex response of these cells to UV-B radiation, including effects on c-Jun and matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) gene expression and production of interleukin (IL) 6 and 8. A UV-B (300±5 nm) dose of 10 mJ/cm2 was selected since this dose resulted in a partial decrease in cell viability in contrast to higher UV-B doses, which induced complete cell death 48 h after treatment. The UV-B radiation induced significant expression of keratin 1 and 10 and decreased expression of involucrin. This was accompanied by increased expression of c-Jun and MMP-1 and IL-6 and IL-8 production. The data suggest that the expression of keratin 1, 10 and involucrin is modulated in HaCaT keratinocytes as a part of the complex stress response to UV radiation
Habituation of exploratory behaviour in VPA rats: animal model of autism
Authors: Olexová Lucia , Senko Tomáš , Štefánik Peter , Talarovičová Alžbeta , Kršková Lucia 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder with multifactorial aetiology, represented as impairment in social behaviour, communication and the occurrence of repetitive activities, which can be observed in the early life. The core features are frequently accompanied by other manifestations, including limited environmental exploration. The aim of the presented study, realised on an animal model of autism - VPA rats, i.e. animals prenatally affected with valproic acid on gestation day 12.5, was to investigate the habituation process of exploratory activity (manifested by a gradual decrease in the intensity of locomotor activity), which reflects the stage of the central nervous system. VPA rats were tested in open-field in three developmental periods - weaning (postnatal day 21 - PND 21), puberty (PND 42) and adulthood (PND 72). In each period of ontogenesis, the rapidity of habituation was evaluated by using the method of linear regression. Compared to controls, VPA rats showed a significant decrease in the intensity and an increase in the rapidity of exploratory activity habituation during puberty and adulthood. Our results indicate that the animal model of autism, i.e. VPA rats, showed disabilities in the development of the nervous system. These findings can help confirm not only the validity of this animal model of autism but can also help better understand neuronal changes in humans with autism
Global Financial Crisis – Policy Response
Authors: Dakić Milojica 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Six years after the outbreak of the financial crisis that had shaken the global financial system, experts and analysts all over the world continue discussing the effectiveness, scope and adequacy of mechanisms and measures implemented in the meantime, as well as the adequacy of the underlying theoretical concept. A global consent has been reached on ensuring financial stability through the interaction of monetary, fiscal and prudential policy to ensure the necessary macroprudential dimension of regulatory and supervisory frameworks. The USA crisis spilled over to Europe. Strong support of governments to bail out banks quickly resulted in sovereign debt crises in some peripheral EU Member States. Fiscal insolvency of these countries strongly shook the EU and increased doubts in the monetary union survival. The European Union stood united to defend the euro and responded strongly with a new complex and comprehensive financial stability framework. This supranational framework is a counterpart to the global financial stability framework created by the G20 member countries. Starting from the specific features of the monetary policy whose capacities are determined by euroisation, available instruments and resources for preventive supervisory activities, as well as the role of the government in crisis management, Montenegro created a framework for maintaining financial stability and prescribed fostering and maintaining financial stability as the main objective of the Central Bank of Montenegro.
Framework for Preserving Financial Stability in Montenegro
Authors: Žugić Radoje , Fabris Nikola 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The global financial crisis has challenged the traditional monetary policy framework of one instrument (short-term interest rates) - one objective (price stability). More and more central banks nowadays consider financial stability as a monetary policy objective, whereas the Central Bank of Montenegro is the only one that has identified financial stability as its primary objective. As this is a relatively new objective, all central banks endeavouring to attain this objective have been facing numerous difficulties. Therefore, the article analyzes some of these difficulties such as defining financial (in)stability, the selection of indicators, macroeconomic environment for preserving financial stability, and the like. The main objective of the paper is to analyse the framework for preserving financial stability in Montenegro and the challenges that the Central Bank of Montenegro has been facing in accomplishing this objective
A study about the measurement method of the homogeneity of radioactivity along an iridium-192 wire used in brachytherapy
Authors: Costa Osvaldo L. , Calvo Wilson A. P. , Zeituni Carlos A. , Rostelato Maria E. C. M. , Moura João A. , Feher Anselmo , Souza Carla D. , Somessari Samir L. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The Nuclear and Energy Research Institute has produced, since 1998, iridium-192 wires used in low dose rate brachytherapy. In the paper the authors studied the influence of wire profile on the homogeneity distribution of radioactivity of iridium-192 along the wire. The authors propose the improvements in the quality control procedure that will provide more accurate measurement data and suggest changes in control devices.
The synthesis of tripolyphosphate using a one-stage method and a laboratory rotary kiln
Authors: Kowalski Zygmunt , Makara Agnieszka 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
In the study, sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) was obtained according to the one-stage method. Batch mixes with varied degrees of soda ash neutralization were produced using thermal or wet processing phosphoric acid and/ or recycled STPP calcined in a laboratory rotary kiln. Chromatographic analysis of the phosphate forms showed that products containing as much as 94.73% of a single component were produced. At STPP recycling rates of 2.5 and 5, products with a low bulk density ranging between 0.437-0.547 kg/dm3 were obtained. The recycling of STPP reduces the insoluble substance content, which affects the properties of the product. The phase composition of the products largely depends on the type of recycled phase of sodium tripolyphosphate (phase I and/or phase II) and the calcining temperature.