bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of two portable meters and a benchtop analyzer for blood glucose concentration measurement in rabbits
Authors: Selleri Paolo , Di Girolamo Nicola , Novari Gianluca 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate performance of a human portable blood glucose meter (PBGM), a veterinary PBGM, and a veterinary benchtop analyzer for measuring blood glucose concentration in rabbits and to evaluate the effect of sample characteristics on their performance.
Design—Observational prospective cross-sectional study.
Sample—Blood samples from 89 pet rabbits.
Procedures—Blood glucose concentration was measured with a human PBGM (n = 89 rabbits), a veterinary PBGM (89), and a benchtop analyzer (32) and compared with results obtained with plasma in a laboratory analyzer (hexokinase method).
Results—The human PBGM underestimated blood glucose concentration, had decreased accuracy at high Hcts, and had the lowest total error observed (11.4%). The veterinary PBGM overestimated blood glucose concentration, had decreased accuracy at low Hcts and at high blood glucose concentrations, and had the highest total error (15.5% and 29.8% for canine and feline settings, respectively). The benchtop analyzer had good accuracy and was not influenced by Hct or glucose concentrations. Clinical errors would have occurred in 0% of cases with the human PBGM and with the benchtop analyzer and in 9% (canine setting) to 6.7% (feline setting) of cases with the veterinary PBGM.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that use of the human PBGM evaluated in this study would be acceptable for point-of-care testing of blood glucose concentration in rabbits when benchtop analyzers are not available. The use of the veterinary PBGM evaluated in this study may alter both treatment and diagnostic decisions because of the overestimation of glucose concentrations in some rabbits.
Total dietary fiber composition of diets used for management of obesity and diabetes mellitus in cats
Authors: Owens Tammy J. , Larsen Jennifer A. , Farcas Amy K. , Nelson Richard W. , Kass Philip H. , Fascetti Andrea J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Objective—To determine total dietary fiber (TDF) composition of feline diets used for management of obesity and diabetes mellitus.
Design—Cross-sectional survey.
Sample—Dry veterinary (n = 10), canned veterinary (12), and canned over-the-counter (3) feline diets.
Procedures—Percentage of TDF as insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), high-molecular-weight soluble dietary fiber (HMWSDF), and low-molecular-weight soluble dietary fiber (LMWSDF) was determined.
Results—Median measured TDF concentration was greater than reported maximum crude fiber content in dry and canned diets. Median TDF (dry-matter) concentration in dry and canned diets was 12.2% (range, 8.11% to 27.16%) and 13.8% (range, 4.7% to 27.9%), respectively. Dry and canned diets, and diets with and without a source of oligosaccharides in the ingredient list, were not different in energy density or concentrations of TDF, IDF, HMWSDF, or LMWSDF. Similarly, loaf-type (n = 11) and gravy-type (4) canned diets differed only in LMWSDF concentration. Disparities in TDF concentrations among products existed despite a lack of differences among groups. Limited differences in TDF concentration and dietary fiber composition were detected when diets were compared on the basis of carbohydrate concentration. Diets labeled for management of obesity were higher in TDF concentration and lower in energy density than diets for management of diabetes mellitus.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Diets provided a range of TDF concentrations with variable concentrations of IDF, HMWSDF, and LMWSDF. Crude fiber concentration was not a reliable indicator of TDF concentration or dietary fiber composition. Because carbohydrate content is calculated as a difference, results suggested that use of crude fiber content would cause overestimation of both carbohydrate and energy content of diets.
Non-Invasive Fibrosis Assessment Predicts Sustained Virological Response to Telaprevir with Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin for Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Ogawa Eiichi , Furusyo Norihiro , Shimizu Motohiro , Ihara Takeshi , Hayashi Takeo , Harada Yuji , Toyoda Kazuhiro , Murata Masayuki , Hayashi Jun 
Published: June 2014

Background Liver fibrosis remains one of the most important predictors of sustained virological response (SVR) in this era of direct-acting antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis C. We compare non-invasive fibrosis assessment with liver biopsy (METAVIR) in terms of their ability to predict SVR by telaprevir (TVR)-based triple therapy. Methods This prospective study consisted of 108 patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection who received TVR in combination with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-α2b and ribavirin (RBV). Non-invasive fibrosis data included transient elastography (FibroScan), FIB-4 index and aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI). Results SVR was achieved by 84.3% of the patients by intention-to-treat analysis. In contrast to the high SVR rates for treatment-naive patients (87.1%, 27 of 31) and patients who previously relapsed (97.9%, 46 of 47), the SVR rate of prior partial/null responders was significantly lower (60.0%, 18 of 30). The impact of fibrosis on SVR was greater for prior partial/null responders, and fibrosis data, including both METAVIR score and non-invasive fibrosis assessments, were useful for predicting SVR. The METAVIR score (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUROC] 0.91, cutoff ≤F2), FibroScan values (AUROC 0.99, cutoff ≤10.0 kPa), FIB-4 index (AUROC 0.91, cutoff ≤3.5) and APRI (AUROC 0.91, cutoff ≤0.80) were shown to have equal, excellent predictive power. Conclusions An alternative to METAVIR score by liver biopsy, non-invasive fibrosis assessments are useful options for predicting SVR by prior partial or null responders in TVR-based triple therapy.
HCV RNA Assay Sensitivity Impacts the Management of Patients Treated with Direct-Acting Antivirals
Authors: Cloherty Gavin , Cohen Daniel , Sarrazin Christoph , Wedemeyer Heiner , Chevaliez Stephane , Herman Christine , Bernstein Barry , Pawlotsky Jean Michel 
Published: June 2014

Background Application of response-guided therapy (RGT) rules to the treatment of HCV infection with pegylated interferon-α2a and ribavirin, and direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) such as the NS3/4A protease inhibitors (PIs) boceprevir and telaprevir, relies on the determination of viral genotype and on-treatment HCV RNA level. Currently there are few data available regarding the clinical impact of the analytical differences that exist between different HCV RNA quantification assays on treatment decisions such as those involved in RGT. Methods We sought to ascertain the concordance between two HCV RNA quantification assays, the Roche/ High-Pure-System COBAS® TaqMan (CTM) version 2 and Abbott RealTi me HCV (ART), and to understand the impact of different assay characteristics on treatment decisions. We evaluated 1,336 specimens collected from 74 patients enrolled in the Phase II CHAMPION-2 study of the investigational DAAs ABT-450 (an acylsulfonamide NS3/4A PI), ABT-072 and ABT-333 (both non-nucleoside NS5B polymerase inhibitors). Results HCV RNA level results were highly correlated, but CTM values were higher than those from ART by an average of 0.46 log IU/ml. Use of ART HCV RNA level results led to a higher positive predictive value of week 4 viral load for the achievement of a sustained virological response 24 weeks after the end of treatment (100% versus 87% using the lower limit of detection as the threshold). Conclusions This study suggests that HCV viral load assay performance characteristics need to be taken into consideration when managing HCV patients with RGT. Further studies are required to determine whether a consensus HCV RNA level threshold can be established or whether HCV viral load assays with greater sensitivity can increase cure rates with RGT.
Rampage Murderers, Part I: Psychotic Versus Non-Psychotic and a Role for Psychiatry in Prevention
Authors: Lake C. Ray 
Published: June 2014

Mass murders are horrific tragedies that gain intense media coverage; they do not seem rare any more. In the U.S., there have averaged 20 mass rampages a year since 1976. Of all killers, in general, only a modest percentage (5%–10%) are psychotic; however, among rampage mass murderers, a substantial percentage are likely psychotic since they often kill in numbers under bizarre circumstances, slaughtering innocent victims, including children. Although psychotic rampage murderers often kill at random, their mental health professionals, their families, and their friends are at high risk for violence, even homicide. Psychotic killers differ substantially from non-psychotic killers, but there are complex and overlapping motivations involving terrorism, anger, revenge, intoxication, and a desire for notoriety, all of which can be tinged with varying degrees of psychosis and challenge diagnostic categorizations.
Of the 1,400 incidents of rampage murders found in the literature, 23 were selected for discussion within this article. Four of these 23 cases were motivated by terrorism, four were primarily motivated by anger and/or revenge, and 15 resulted from psychotic, delusional thinking. There is overlap in event characteristics and among motives in several of these cases.
Prevention must be the primary goal. It is unlikely that gun control alone will be effective. Since nearly 50% of psychotic mass murderers had some contact with a mental health professional prior to their rampages, more effective methods of intervention may be possible, focusing on behavioral threat assessment and risk mitigation. An appreciation of how psychotic perpetrators differ from non-psychotic killers and their characteristics may contribute.
Study of Biogas Production from Wastes in Military Areas
Authors: Chanthakett Apina , Vivanpatarakij Supawat 
Published: June 2014

The study of biogas production was conducted to find effective fermentation which will enhance digester gas manufacturing system and reduce waste in military areas. Co-digester between food wastes with pig manure was studied. The experiment was divided into three proportions of food waste and manure based on dry matter mass. The first is 100:0 which contains 26 kg. of food waste. The second is 85:15 which was composed of 22 kg. of food per 4 kg. of pig manure. And the third is 70:30 which contains 18 kg. of food per 8 kg. of pig manure. Leavening agent for digester came from pig manure. The 21 day experiment was carried out to collect and analyze biogas samples. According to these results, the proportion 85:15 produced a large quantity of biogas which was 1,134 liters. Methane generation rate is increasing and hydrogen is also high as 32.26%. The heating reached the highest value at 1.491 MJ. or 3.189 times compared to the proportion 100:0 in the experimental temperature of 31-33 °C
Numerical Simulation on 2D Savonius Rotor in Ground Effect
Authors: Zhu Jian Yong , Wang Kai , Ruan Hai Bin 
Published: June 2014

The Aerodynamic Performance of 2D Savonius Rotor in Ground Effect is Numerically Simulated through Solving Unsteady Compressible RANS Equations and the Standard k-ε Turbulence Model. the Calculation Results Indicate that the Ground Effect Influences the Starting Performance and the Power Output. the Optimal Height between the Ground to the Lowest Part of the Rotor is 0.4 Times Rotation Diameter, at which the Starting Performance is Optimal. the Ground Effect also Increases the Power Coefficient and the Tip Speed Ratio Corresponding to the Maximum Power Coefficient. when Determining the Rated Tip Speed Ratio, the Fluctuation of the Torque Values and the Power Coefficient with Different Tip Speed Ratio should be Synthesized.
Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities under Different Soil Salinity Levels Analyzing by PLFA
Authors: Li Xin , Jiao Yan , Yang Ming De 
Published: June 2014

Under different soil salinity levels, diversity of soil microbial communities from Hetao irrigated land of Inner Mongolia was studied by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. The study found that PLFAs biomass in saline soil was significantly lower than those of strongly salinized soil and slight salinized soil. Microbes was bacteria-based from these soil. The bacterial PLFA loading in saline soil is significantly less than those of strongly salinized soil and slight salinized soil . Cluster analysis showed that changes had obviously taken place on soil microbial composition and quantity under different soil salinity levels.About 76.89% of variation in PLFA patterns explained by PC1(the first principal components),and 17:1, 16:0, 18:1w9c, 18:1w9t, 18:2, 18:3w3c, 12:0 were strongly negatively correlated with PC1.However,soil salinity and pH were positively correlated with PC1.We conclude that soil salinity has a profound affect on the microbial community structure.
The Modular Design Concept of Decentralized Sewage Reuse Equipment and its Application
Authors: Xiao Zhi Wei , He Jia , Qi Nan , Wen Jia Peng , Chen Xiu Bo , Wang Chang Xing 
Published: June 2014

With biofilm reactor and continuous membrane filtration as the core, this paper proposes to establish biochemical module and membrane processing module, which can from the biofilm - membrane filtration process. In the part of biochemical module, diverse processing function can be realized by adjusting the operation conditions of the pumps and fans. Meanwhile, the number and operation condition of biochemical module could be changed flexibly according to the actual processing needs. Thereby, the standardization and generalization of biochemical module can be achieved. And in the part of membrane processing module, the processing capacity can also be expanded through frequency converting control and increasing the number of membrane module. An engineering project of decentralized sewage reuse is built, and the outlet water quality can reach the expected standard, which suggests that the modular design concept has good feasibility.
Estimating Carbon Emission of Tourism Transportation and Accommodation in China
Authors: Yang Zhong Hong , Yang Yang , Chen Xiao Hui 
Published: June 2014

The tourism’s growing consumption of energy, especially in transportation and accommodation, and its great demand on fossil fuels has important implications for GHG emissions. From the perspective of low carbon and emission reduction, the paper discussed the carbon emission of China’s tourism. Based on the previous studies, the paper calculated carbon emission of 31 Chinese provinces from tourism transportation and accommodation. The results show that: 1) Tourism transportation contributes most to carbon emission, accounting for 89.4% of the total, while tourism accommodation accounts for 10.6%. 2) In terms of transportation, civil aviation contributes most, accounting for 44.71% of the carbon emission of tourism transportation. 3) In terms of accommodation, three-star hotels contribute most, accounting for 45.3% of the carbon emission of tourism accommodation. 4) Cities of Guangzhou, Beijing and Shanghai make the largest contribution to the carbon emission among 31 provinces. Based on the above, it is reasonable that Tourism Sectors should make targeted policies to promote the development of low-carbon tourism according to the structure of tourism transportation and accommodation.
Scitovsky, Behavioural Economics, and Beyond
Authors: Pugno Maurizio 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Scitovsky is known as a forerunner of behavioural economics simply because he drew heavily on psychology and claimed that people’s choices may be ‘joyless’ (Scitovsky, The joyless economy, 1976). However, a careful reformulation of his analysis shows that he anticipated a number of insights (also with respect to Kahneman’s ‘two-systems of thought’) which suggest new lines of inquiry from an original and different perspective. These insights of Scitovsky regard the following aspects: Uncertainty as a condition where the outcomes of choosing a particular option (novelty) is partially unknown; the case of individual ‘consumption skill’ (inclusive of emotions) that finds this uncertainty desirable when it is challenging; the case of increasing such skill so as to change preferences and make choices more efficient; the case of failing to increase such skill so as to make addictive harmful products an alternative and more tempting option.
Readiness to deny group’s wrongdoing and willingness to fight for its members: the role of Poles’ identity fusion with the country and religious group
Authors: Besta Tomasz , Gómez Ángel , Vázquez Alexandra 
Published: June 2014

<b>Background</b><br />
Identity fusion is a powerful visceral feeling of oneness with the group. Dozens of studies have demonstrated that identity fusion is a powerful predictor of endorsement of extreme behavior for the group. However, most research has been conducted with Spanish and/or North-American participants, and focused on the country as the target group. <br />
<b>Participants and procedure</b><br />
Two correlational studies were conducted with Polish participants, using measures of identity fusion, group identification, willingness to fight and die for ingroup members and readiness to deny group’s wrongdoing.<br />
<b>Results</b><br />
We replicate and extend previous findings by showing that fusion with the country also predicts endorsement of extreme pro-ingroup behaviors with Polish participants (Study 1). Interestingly, fusion with religious group predicts willingness to endorse pro-ingroup behaviors for the religion they practice (Study 2). In addition, the present research shows that strongly fused participants display high levels of readiness to deny the group’s wrongdoing, when the target group is the country (Study 1) or religious group (Study 2). <br />
<b>Conclusions</b><br />
These findings replicate and extend previous research and are a valuable contribution to the identity fusion theory.
Functioning of memory and attention processes in children with intelligence below average
Authors: Borkowska Aneta Rita , Ozimek Anna 
Published: June 2014

<b>BACKGROUND</b><br />
The aim of the research was to assess memorization and recall of logically connected and unconnected material, coded graphically and linguistically, and the ability to focus attention, in a group of children with intelligence below average, compared to children with average intelligence.<br />
<b>PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE</b><br />
The study group included 27 children with intelligence below average. The control group consisted of 29 individuals. All of them were examined using the authors’ experimental trials and the TUS test (Attention and Perceptiveness Test).<br />
<b>RESULTS</b><br />
Children with intelligence below average memorized significantly less information contained in the logical material, demonstrated lower ability to memorize the visual material, memorized significantly fewer words in the verbal material learning task, achieved lower results in such indicators of the visual attention process pace as the number of omissions and mistakes, and had a lower pace of perceptual work, compared to children with average intelligence.<br />
<b>CONCLUSIONS</b><br />
The results confirm that children with intelligence below average have difficulties with memorizing new material, both logically connected and unconnected. The significantly lower capacity of direct memory is independent of modality. The results of the study on the memory process confirm the hypothesis about lower abilities of children with intelligence below average, in terms of concentration, work pace, efficiency and perception.
Homebound instruction for students with chronic illness: reducing risk outside of the box
Authors: Shaw Steven R. , Clyde Michael A. J. , Sarrasin Matthew 
Published: June 2014

Students with chronic illness are at risk for a host of academic and social problems. The risk is exacerbated when students are unable to attend school short term or long term due to medical problems. Educators may be able to reduce academic and social risk for students with chronic illness through effective homebound instruction. However, there remain many barriers to effective homebowund instruction. Effective interdisciplinary and community coordination, development of policies, teacher support, inclusion of families, and use of technology can be combined to overcome these barriers and create effective homebound programs and policies. The result is reduced risk for the large and vulnerable population of students with chronic illness.
University students with learning disabilities at the Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague
Authors: Kucharská Anna 
Published: June 2014

<b>BACKGROUND</b><br />
The paper deals with learning disabilities (LD) of university students in the Czech Republic. The first part describes most common trends in professional care of students with LD in historical context, the second part analyses contemporary situation of support of students with LD during their university studies. Pivotal part of the text describes the situation at Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague, from the perspective of state LD students, their difficulties and means of possible support.<br />
<b>PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE</b><br />
Qualitative analysis of functional diagnostics took place in the frame of evidence of 15 students with learning disabilities. Focal point of the functional diagnostics is a structured interview in which an identification of needed modification for studying with specific educational needs of students with LD takes place.<br />
<b>RESULTS</b><br />
From our analyses it can be stated, that students with LD apply for registration basing on their experience with high school status of a student with SD, or that their decision is influenced by their current study problems or the fact that they went through a modified entrance exam. We have also discovered the fact, that except for the difficulties which result from the type and degree of the disability and which can be compensated by specific approaches, students also need an emotional and social support.<br />
Learning disability is not, however, perceived only as a disadvantage, many students have stated that it has motivated them in their further development.<br />
<b>CONCLUSIONS</b><br />
Achieved results point to general specifics to the perceived difficulties, to the specifics of the concrete degrees and to the further personal (emotional, social) characteristics of LD students and they support recommended modification for successful studies.
How compare biologics applied for rheumatic disorders?
Authors: J. Kucharz Eugeniusz 
Published: June 2014

Leczenie chorych na reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów stanowi ważny problem kliniczny, a wprowadzenie leków biologicznych istotnie zmieniło strategię terapeutyczną. Leki biologiczne zmniejszają nasilenie zapalenia i jego skutków, w tym uszkodzenia strukturalnego stawów. Ze względu na nieliczne badania bezpośrednio porównujące skuteczność leków biologicznych, leki te są porównywane metodami pośrednimi. Nie dostarczają one jednoznacznych wyników i mają liczne ograniczenia. W pracy zestawiono metaanalizy i pośrednie porównania leków biologicznych stosowanych u chorych na reumatoidalne zapalenie stawów.