bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of original host on chemotaxic behaviour and parasitism in Telenomus podisi Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)
Authors: Tognon R. , Sant'Ana J. , Jahnke S.M. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi is a natural control agent of pentatomids, including Euschistus heros and Tibraca limbativentris, and success of parasitism is dependent upon the parasitoid finding the host. We tested the influence of host egg volatiles and the synthetic sex pheromone (zingiberenol) of T. limbativentris on chemotaxic behaviour of T. podisi, as well as, the impact of the original host on parasitoid selection. We used mated female T. podisi (48 h old) that emerged from the eggs of T. limbativentris or E. heros. The bioassays related to chemotaxy were performed in a Y-tube olfactometer and, to parasitism success, in laboratory and semi-field conditions. Telenomus podisi females that emerged from either the stink bug eggs, chose the pheromone more than control, or the pheromone plus eggs of E. heros in the semi-field bioassay, led to greater parasitism. Females that emerged from E. heros eggs chose egg volatiles from their original host rather than those from T. limbativentris, while females emerging from T. limbativentris, chose the egg volatiles of both hosts equally. When T. limbativentris was the original host, T. podisi females parasitized T. limbativentris over E. heros, while those emerging from E. heros exclusively parasitized E. heros eggs. These results demonstrated that T. podisi is more likely to parasitize the host in which it developed and that the original host can exert influence on the choice by those parasitoids. Understanding how the factors that mediate host–parasitoid communication are interrelated can help biological control programmes establish more effective and reliable tools with T. podisi.
Daily growth rates and hatch date distributions of common
two-banded seabream, Diplodus vulgaris inhabiting the
Çanakkale shallow waters of Turkey
Authors: Ayyildiz Hakan , Ozen Ozcan , Altin Aytac 
Published: September 2014

Otolith microstructure analysis was used to determine daily age, growth rate
and hatching periods of young of the year (YOY) common two-banded seabream,
Diplodus vulgaris, collected at two sites by using beach
seine from Çanakkale shallow waters between January and December 2007. Total
length of the YOY D. vulgaris was between 12 and 86 mm and
the daily ages ranged between 42 and 313 days. Somatic growth rate estimated
by fitting a linear regression to the age–length data set was calculated as
0.273 mm day−1. According to the length–age regression
analysis, maximum daily growth rates were found 0.277 mm day−1 in
the lowest sea temperature period and minimum values of
0.274 mm day−1 were observed in the declining sea temperature
period. Analysis of covariance indicated that there were no significant
differences in the linear growth equations for the two cohorts (F = 0.4008,
P = 0.527). Hatching period of the YOY was estimated to
occur between October and March with relatively higher frequency in January.
This study has shown that YOY D. vulgaris is a winter
spawner in the Çanakkale shallow waters.
WHAT IS FELDMAN?
Authors: Volans Kevin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article is a reflection on aspects of the compositional practice and aesthetics of the American composer Morton Feldman (1926–1987) as viewed from the perspective of a fellow composer. Writing as a colleague immersed in Feldman's work for more than three decades, Kevin Volans discusses Feldman's concepts of time and form; his approach to touch on the piano, and to instrumentation and tone colour generally; his relationship with the visual arts; his notational practices with regard to pitch and rhythm; his anti-conceptualist standpoint, and much else.
‘All elderly people have important service needs’: a study of discourses on older people in parliamentary discussions in Finland
Authors: PULKKI JUTTA , TYNKKYNEN LIINA-KAISA 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis study examines discursive constructions of older people by analysing the talk of members of parliament in parliamentary discussions in Finland. While the perceptions of older people that are constructed in various public and private arenas have been relatively widely examined, the talk of political decision makers has not been studied to any large extent. However, decision makers' understandings of older people are likely to influence the ways in which service systems are developed and services organised for older people. The parliamentary discussions examined in this study were related to the process of enacting legislation to secure services for older people. Using discourse analysis, three ways of constructing older people – as ‘the dependent’, ‘the active’ and ‘the deserving’ – are identified. Although the results are to some extent in accordance with previous findings, indicating that older people are constructed as either totally dependent and passive or extremely active, this study also breaks this dichotomous view and highlights the overlap between those constructions. Nonetheless, the picture of older people remains fairly one-dimensional. There was an absence of recognition of diversity among older people, which might inhibit the development of a customer-oriented service system.
Scabies outbreaks in residential care homes: factors associated with late recognition, burden and impact. A mixed methods study in England
Authors: HEWITT K. A. , NALABANDA A. , CASSELL J. A. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYScabies is an important public health problem in residential care homes. Delayed diagnosis contributes to outbreaks, which may be prolonged and difficult to control. We investigated factors influencing outbreak recognition, diagnosis and treatment, and staff experiences of outbreak control, identifying areas for intervention. We carried out a semi-structured survey of managers, affected residents and staff of seven care homes reporting suspected scabies outbreaks in southern England over a 6-month period. Attack rates ranged from 2% to 50%, and most cases had dementia (37/39, 95%). Cases were diagnosed clinically by GPs (59%) or home staff (41%), none by dermatologists. Most outbreaks were attributable to avoidably late diagnosis of the index case. Participants reported considerable challenges in managing scabies outbreaks, including late diagnosis and recognition of outbreaks; logistically difficult mass treatment; distressing treatment processes and high costs. This study demonstrates the need for improved support for care homes in detecting and managing these outbreaks.
Alcohol consumption and persistent infection of high-risk human papillomavirus
Authors: OH H. Y. , KIM M. K. , SEO S. , LEE D. O. , CHUNG Y. K. , LIM M. C. , KIM J. , LEE C. W. , PARK S. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYAlcohol consumption is a possible co-factor of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) persistence, a major step in cervical carcinogenesis, but the association between alcohol and continuous HPV infection remains unclear. This prospective study identified the association between alcohol consumption and HR-HPV persistence. Overall, 9230 women who underwent screening during 2002–2011 at the National Cancer Center, Korea were analysed in multivariate logistic regression. Current drinkers [odds ratio (OR) 2·49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·32–4·71] and drinkers for ⩾5 years (OR 2·33, 95% CI 1·17–4·63) had a higher risk of 2-year HR-HPV persistence (HPV positivity for 3 consecutive years) than non-drinkers and drinkers for <5 years, respectively (vs. HPV negativity for 3 consecutive years). A high drinking frequency (⩾twice/week) and a high beer intake (⩾3 glasses/occasion) had higher risks of 1-year (OR 1·80, 95% CI 1·01–3·36) HPV positivity for 2 consecutive years) and 2-year HR-HPV persistence (OR 3·62, 95% CI 1·35–9·75) than non-drinkers. Of the HPV-positive subjects enrolled, drinking habit (OR 2·68, 95% CI 1·10–6·51) and high consumption of beer or soju (⩾2 glasses/occasion; OR 2·90, 95% CI 1·06–7·98) increased the risk of 2-year consecutive or alternate HR-HPV positivity (vs. consecutive HPV negativity). These findings suggest that alcohol consumption might increase the risk of cervical HR-HPV persistence in Korean women.
Molecular diversity of ScottishCryptosporidium hominisisolates
Authors: DESHPANDE A. , ALEXANDER C. L. , COYNE M. , BROWNLIE S. , SMITH-PALMER A. , JONES B. L. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYCryptosporidium hominisis one of the most prevalent protozoan parasites to infect humans where transmission is via the consumption of infective oocysts. This study describes sporadic cases in addition to the molecular diversity of outbreak cases in Scotland using the glycoprotein-60 subtyping tool. From a total of 187C. hominisisolates, 65 were subjected to further molecular analysis and 46 were found to be the common IbA10G2 subtype. Unusual subtypes included four isolates belonging to the Ia family (IaA14R3,n = 12; IaA14R2,n = 1; IaA9G3,n = 1; IaA25R3,n = 2), two from the Id family (IdA24,n = 1; IdA17,n= 1) and one belonging to the Ie family, namely IeA11G3T3. These data contribute significantly to our knowledge and understanding of the molecular diversity ofC. hominisisolates from outbreak investigations involving Scottish residents which will be beneficial for the management of future outbreaks.
The End of Sharecropping in Central Italy after 1945: The Role of Mechanisation in the Changing Relationship between Peasant Families and Land
Authors: OGLETHORPE STUART 
Published: September 2014

Abstract:This article focuses on the mechanisation of agriculture in central Italy in the thirty years or so after 1945. This provides a particular way of examining the major changes in the rural landscape in this period, especially the end of the sharecropping system. Land in these regions had for centuries been predominantly farmed under sharecropping contracts, but for political, economic, and demographic reasons this system, which had inhibited modernisation, entered a rapid decline. Whereas labour supply had previously exceeded demand, the reverse became the case, allowing sharecropping families more freedom in how they operated. Mechanisation was not a ‘push’ factor, but as the agricultural labour force contracted it was a necessary response. The article uses individual testimony to illustrate how tenant farmers started to work outside the sharecropping contract, some becoming outside contractors with other farms and supplying tractor hire. The mechanisation of agriculture was slow and uneven, but marked an irreversible change in the relationship between farming families and their land.
Robust attitude tracking control scheme for a multi-body spacecraft using a radial basis function network and terminal sliding mode
Authors: YUAN CHANGQING , ZHONG YANHUA , ZHANG JINGRUI , LI HONGBUO , YANG GUOJUN , SHEN YING 
Published: September 2014

We present a novel robust control scheme that deals with multi-body spacecraft attitude tracking problems. The control scheme consists of a radial basis function network (RBFN) and a robust controller. By using the finite time convergence property of the terminal sliding mode (TSM), we derive a new online learning algorithm for updating all the parameters of the RBFN that ensures the RBFN has fast approximation for the parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. We design a robust controller to compensate RBFN approximation errors and realise the anticipative stability and performance properties. We can also achieve closed-loop system stability using Lyapunov stability theory.No detailed knowledge of the non-linear dynamics of the spacecraft is required at any point in the entire design process, and the proposed robust scheme is simple and effective and can be applied to more complex systems. Simulation results demonstrate the good tracking characteristics of the proposed control scheme in the presence of inertial uncertainties and external disturbances.
The experience of adolescents who have a parent with advanced cancer: A phenomenological inquiry
Authors: Phillips Farya 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjective:Adolescents are considered the group most susceptible to negative psychosocial outcomes when faced with a parent's illness. However, there has been extremely limited research on the adolescent's adjustment to advanced parental cancer. The aim of our study was to gain understanding of the experiences of adolescents, in their own words, to gather pilot data about the needs of this population that will be valuable in developing interventions for adolescents facing parental cancer.Method:A hermeneutic phenomenological approach was applied using in-depth semistructured interviews to inquire about adolescents' experiences. Some 10 adolescents (7 males, 3 females) aged 14–17 were interviewed.Results:Four essential themes about adolescents living with a parent's advanced cancer emerged from the analysis: “life interrupted,” “being there,” “managing emotions,” and “positives prevail.” These findings underscore the significant impact an advanced cancer diagnosis can have on a family unit and suggest that the experience may also have the potential of creating opportunities for growth and well-being. Our findings reinforce previous results that advocate for the importance of family and peer support, positive attitude, and open communication when a family is coping with advanced parental cancer.Significance of results:Understanding how adolescents gain strength from their relationships with family and peers offers healthcare professionals an opportunity to have services and strategies in place to foster these relationships.
Produktivitätsverluste, berufliche Einbußen und Unterstützungsleistungen von Angehörigen von Patienten mit Alkoholabhängigkeit vor und nach der Entzugsbehandlung
Authors: Salize Hans Joachim , Jacke Christian , Kief Sven 
Published: September 2014

Einführung: Die Auswirkungen von Alkoholerkrankungen auf Partner und Familienmitglieder eines Erkrankten werden als hoch eingeschätzt, obwohl es an empirischer Evidenz und Befunden mangelt. Die Studie hat zum Ziel, Produktivitätsverluste, Karriereverzicht und psychosoziale Unterstützungsleistungen von Angehörigen mit einem alkoholabhängigen Familienmitglied zu beziffern und die Einflüsse auf diese Zielgrößen durch Aufnahme einer Entzugsbehandlung zu untersuchen. Methode: Befragung von 48 Angehörigen von alkoholabhängigen Patienten über berufliche Fehlzeiten und psychosoziale Unterstützungsleistungen im Zeitraum von 3 Monaten vor Beginn einer Entzugsbehandlung des erkrankten Familienmitglieds sowie im gleichen Zeitraum 12 Monate danach. Ergebnisse: 62,5 % der Angehörigen waren auf dem ersten Arbeitsmarkt beschäftigt. 12,5 % gaben an, wegen der Alkoholabhängigkeit des Familienmitglieds auf eine eigene berufliche Karriere oder einen beruflichen Aufstieg verzichtet zu haben. Vor der Aufnahme einer Entzugsbehandlung des Patienten erlebten 39,6 % der Angehörigen Einschränkungen hinsichtlich ihrer Arbeitskraft, zwölf Monate nach Behandlungsbeginn war der Anteil 2,1 %. Krankschreibungstage der Angehörigen lagen im Dreimonatszeitraum im Mittel bei 4,3 Tagen (vor Behandlungsbeginn) bzw. 2,8 Tagen (12 Monate später). Die Mehrzahl der Krankschreibungstage des Angehörigen vor einer Entzugsbehandlung des Patienten waren durch Überlastungen wegen Pflege- und Unterstützungsleistungen für das alkoholabhängige Familienmitglied bedingt. Ebenso wie bei den psychosozialen Unterstützungsleistungen war der Rückgang von Produktivitätsverlusten der Angehörigen nach Aufnahme einer Entzugsbehandlung des Patienten statistisch signifikant. Diskussion: Die volkswirtschaftlichen und klinischen Belastungen von Alkoholismus auf pflegende Angehörige der Kranken sind erheblich und bleiben bei der finanziellen Folgeabschätzung des Alkoholismus weitgehend unberücksichtigt. Ebenso unberücksichtigt bleiben signifikante Nutzeffekte der Alkohol-Entzugsbehandlung auf die Produktivität der Angehörigen.
miR455 is linked to hypoxia signaling and is deregulated in preeclampsia
Authors: Lalevée S , Lapaire O , Bühler M 
Published: September 2014

AbstractPreeclampsia is a severe pregnancy-related disorder and a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide. Early identification of patients with an increased risk for preeclampsia is thus one of the most important goals in obstetrics. Here we identify two related human microRNAs as potential biomarkers to detect at-risk pregnancies. We demonstrate that miR455-3P and miR455-5P are significantly downregulated in placentas from preeclampsia patients, whereas other placenta-specific microRNAs remain unaffected. microRNA target prediction and validation revealed a potential link of miR455-3P to hypoxia signaling. Together with our observation that expression levels of miR455-3P and miR455-5P are upregulated during trophoblast differentiation, our results suggest a model in which miR455-3P represses a hypoxia response that might otherwise prevent cytotrophoblasts from syncytiotrophoblast differentiation. In summary, our work reveals aberrant hypoxia signaling in preeclampsia that can be explained by deregulated expression of miR455. As miR455 has been found in circulating blood, the development of noninvasive prenatal tests enabling early diagnosis of preeclampsia may be possible.
Modification of genetic influences on adiposity between 36 and 63 years of age by physical activity and smoking in the 1946 British Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Johnson W , Ong K K , Elks C E , Wareham N J , Wong A , Muniz-Terrera G , Hardy R ,   on behalf of the MRC NSHD scientific and data collection teams
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background:
Previous studies reporting on the interaction between physical activity and genetic susceptibility on obesity have been cross-sectional and have not considered the potential influences of other lifestyle behaviours. The aim of this study was to examine modification of genetic influences on changes across age in adiposity during mid-adulthood by physical activity and smoking.

Methods:
The sample comprised 2444 participants who were genotyped for 11 obesity variants and had body mass index (BMI), waist circumference-to-height ratio (WHtR), physical activity and smoking measures at 36, 43, 53 and 60–64 years of age. A genetic risk score (GRS) comprising the sum of risk alleles was computed. Structural equation models investigated modification of the longitudinal GRS associations by physical activity (active versus inactive) and smoking (non-smoker versus smoker), using a latent linear spline to summarise BMI or WHtR (multiplied by 100) at the age of 36 years and their subsequent rates of change over age.

Results:
Physical activity at the age of 36 years attenuated the GRS associations with BMI and WHtR at the same age (P-interaction 0.009 and 0.004, respectively). Further, physical activity at the age of 53 years attenuated the GRS association with rate of change in BMI between 53 and 63 years of age (by 0.012 kg m−2 per year (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.001, 0.024), P-interaction 0.004). Conversely, smoking at the age of 43 years showed a trend towards augmenting the GRS association with rate of change in WHtR between 43 and 63 years of age (by 0.012 (95% CI: 0.001, 0.026), P-interaction 0.07). Estimated GRS effect sizes were lowest at all ages in the healthiest group (e.g., active non-smokers).

Conclusions:
Healthy lifestyle behaviours appeared to attenuate the genetic influence on changes across age in BMI and central adiposity during mid-adulthood. An active lifestyle and not smoking may have additive effects on reducing the genetic susceptibility to obesity in adults.
A six-dimensional potential energy surface for Ru(0001)(2×2):CO
Authors: Füchsel Gernot , Tremblay Jean Christophe , Saalfrank Peter 
Published: September 2014

We present a new global ground state potential energy surface (PES) for carbon monoxide at a coverage of 1/4, on a rigid Ru(0001) surface [Ru(0001)(2×2):CO]. All six adsorbate degrees of freedom are considered. For constructing the PES, we make use of more than 90 000 points calculated with periodic density functional theory using the RPBE exchange-correlation functional and an empirical van der Waals correction. These points are used for interpolation, utilizing a symmetry-adapted corrugation reducing procedure (CRP). Three different interpolation schemes with increasing accuracy have been realized, giving rise to three flavours of the CRP PES. The CRP PES yields in agreement with the DFT reference and experiments, the atop position of CO to be the most stable adsorption geometry, for the most accurate interpolation with an adsorption energy of 1.69 eV. The CRP PES shows that diffusion parallel to the surface is hindered by a barrier of 430 meV, and that dissociation is facilitated but still activated. As a first “real” application and further test of the new potential, the six-dimensional vibrational Schrödinger equation is solved variationally to arrive at fully coupled, anharmonic frequencies and vibrational wavefunctions for the vibrating, adsorbed CO molecule. Good agreement with experiment is found also here. Being analytical, the new PES opens an efficient way towards multidimensional dynamics.
Understanding food security issues in remote Western Australian Indigenous communities
Authors: Pollard Christina M. , Nyaradi Anett , Lester Matthew , Sauer Kay 
Published: September 2014

Issue addressedFood insecurity in remote Western Australian (WA) Indigenous communities. This study explored remote community store managers' views on issues related to improving food security in order to inform health policy.MethodA census of all remote WA Indigenous community store managers was conducted in 2010. Telephone interviews sought managers' perceptions of community food insecurity, problems with their store, and potential policy options for improving the supply, accessibility, affordability and consumption of nutritious foods. Descriptive analyses were conducted using SPSS for Windows version 17.0.ResultsManagers stated that freight costs and irregular deliveries contributed to high prices and a limited range of foods. Poor store infrastructure, compromised cold chain logistics, and commonly occurring power outages affected food quality. Half of the managers said there was hunger in their community because people did not have enough money to buy food. The role of nutritionists beyond a clinical and educational role was not understood.ConclusionsFood security interventions in remote communities need to take into consideration issues such as freight costs, transport and low demand for nutritious foods. Store managers provide important local knowledge regarding the development and implementation of food security interventions.So what?Agencies acting to address the issue of food insecurity in remote WA Indigenous communities should heed the advice of community store managers that high food prices, poor quality and limited availability are mainly due to transport inefficiencies and freight costs. Improving healthy food affordability in communities where high unemployment and low household income abound is fundamental to improving food security, yet presents a significant challenge.