bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated Dislocation of Proximal Tibiofibular Joint
Authors: Oktay Alper , Baysal Ozgur , Ecevız Engin , Elmalı Nurzat 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: Proximal tibiofibular joint luxation is very rare condition and usually missed in the ED. The aim of the study is if a patient is brought to ED with knee injury, we should keep in mind this pathology. Methods: A 23 year old man was admitted to emergency department with knee pain and restricted movement of the knee during the football match. Physical examination revealed mild swelling and limited ROM on his knee. We took AP and lateral X-rays immediately. We diagnosed the proximal tibiofibular luxation with X-rays. After diagnosing this injury we reducted this joint luxation with closed reduction immediately. Knee joint was immobilized with casting. Magnetic resonance imaging was applied. Casting was removed three weeks later after the diagnosis. Passive range of motion exercises were applied. Results: In the second month examination, there is no pain in his knee joint and the range of motion was full. There was no neoruvascular pathology in the physical examination of the knee. In the MRI findings proximal tibiofibular ligament had mild eudema, there was a contusion area in the lateral plateau and the other knee ligaments was normal. Conclusion: Proximal tibiofibular joint injury is very uncommon pathology, If the pathology is diagnosed on time , it can be treated appropriately to prevent unnecessary complication. The main problem of this injury is correct and timely diagnosis
Do the Patients Really Need Concentrated and/or Accelerated Rehabilitation Program After ACL Surgery? A New Lightened Rehabilitation Program
Authors: Kaya Defne , Turhan Egemen , Dönmez Gürhan , Doral Mahmut Nedim 
Published: December 2014

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to design and assess the outcomes of the new lightened rehabilitation program after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R). Methods: Thirty-two of the 57 patients with ACL-R using tibialis anterior grafts completed the study. The patients in the lightened rehabilitation program were compared with patients in standard rehabilitation program. The two groups were assessed using International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) and Lysholm scores, isokinetic knee muscle strength, knee joint position sense, and hop test. Results: There were no significant differences in muscle strength of the quadriceps and hamstring at 60°/s, 180°/s, and 330°/s between the operative and non-operative side in the lightened rehabilitation group while there was significant difference in muscle strength of the quadriceps and hamstring at 60°/s between the operative and non-operative side in the standard rehabilitation group. There were significant differences in muscle strength of the quadriceps and hamstring at 330°/s and joint position sense at 75°, 45°, and 15°between the operative side of the patients in lightened rehabilitation group and operative side of the patients in standard rehabilitation group. There was no difference in the knee joint position sense at 15°, 45°, and 75°, between the operative and non-operative side in the both groups. Conclusion: Clinical relevance of this study is that the new lightened rehabilitation program should be also succeeding as much as standard rehabilitation program after ACL-R. It is suggested that future studies might evaluate the effects of the new lightened rehabilitation program for different grafts and professional athletes.
Effect of shelf-life simulation on the bond strength of self-etch adhesive systems to dentin
Authors: Cardoso Sueli A , Oliveira Hellen L , Münchow Eliseu A , Carreño Neftali LV , Gonini Junior Alcides , Piva Evandro 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Self-etch adhesive systems are composed of various monomers, solvents, fillers, and initiators that make their molecular formulations quite complex. The intricate design involved in these systems has raised uncertainties regarding the long-term chemical stability of the components prior to clinical application. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of shelf-life simulation on the bond strength of self-etch adhesives to dentin. Sound human teeth samples were used and restored using one of three different adhesives: AdheSE™ (Ivoclar Vivadent), Single Bond Universal™ (3 M ESPE), or Clearfil SE Bond™ (Kuraray); Filtek Z350™ (3 M ESPE) was used as composite resin. The study (bond strength testing) was conducted in two distinct parts: (1) without shelf-life simulation of adhesives; and (2) after storing the adhesives in a climate chamber at 40°C and 50% relative humidity (shelf-life simulation). Both groups were prepared for microtensile bond strength (μTBS) testing; however, specimens from the first part of the study were evaluated after 24 h and 6 months of storage in distilled water, whereas specimens from the second part of the study were prepared and tested after 1, 2, and 3 months of shelf-life simulation of adhesives. The hybrid layer and fracture pattern of specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Bond strength data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Tukey’s test (α = 5%). When no shelf-life simulation was applied, Single Bond Universal increased bond strength after long-term water storage, whereas AdheSE and Clearfil SE Bond reduced bond strength to dentin. However, the bonding ability of all three adhesive systems investigated was negatively influenced by the shelf-life simulation used.
Short-Term Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Individuals With Lynch Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Jenkins Mark A. , Dowty James G. , Ait Ouakrim Driss , Mathews John D. , Hopper John L. , Drouet Youenn , Lasset Christine , Bonadona Valérie , Win Aung Ko 
Published: December 2014

Purpose For carriers of germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes, the most relevant statistic for cancer prevention is colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome) risk, particularly in the short term. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis of all independent published Lynch syndrome studies reporting age- and sex-dependent colorectal cancer risks. We estimated 5-year colorectal cancer risk over different age groups, separately for male and female mutation carriers, and number needed to screen to prevent one death. Results We pooled estimates from analyses of 1,114 Lynch syndrome families (508 with MLH1 mutations and 606 with MSH2 mutations). On average, one in 71 male and one in 102 female MLH1 or MSH2 mutation carriers in their 20s will be diagnosed with colorectal cancer in the next 5 years. These colorectal cancer risks increase with age, peaking in the 50s (one in seven males and one in 12 females), and then decrease with age (one in 13 males and one in 19 females in their 70s). Annual colonoscopy in 16 males or 25 females in their 50s would prevent one death from colorectal cancer over 5 years while resulting in almost no serious complications. In comparison, annual colonoscopy in 155 males or 217 females in their 20s would prevent one death while resulting in approximately one serious complication. Conclusion For MLH1 or MSH2 mutation carriers, current guidelines recommend colonoscopy every 1 to 2 years starting in their 20s. Our findings support this regimen from age 30 years; however, it might not be justifiable for carriers who are in their 20s.
Systematic Snooker Skills Test to Analyze Player Performance
Authors: Chung David H.S. , Griffiths Iwan W. , Legg Phil A. , Parry Matthew L. , Morris A. , Chen M. , Griffiths W. , Thomas Alex 
Published: December 2014

The process of rigorous training and coaching is one that is essential to any sports player aiming to develop their abilities further. From the novice player through to professional athletes, it is vital to maintain and assess their level of performance in order to progress to a higher standard. However, traditional practice routines can often be non-strategic and devised with an “ad-hoc” approach. In order for a training regime to be beneficial to a player, methods to examine a player's performance are desirable and can offer quantifiable feedback that will help the player to understand their current weaknesses and provide a benchmark to improve upon. This article focuses on the introduction of a systematic skills test. We assess the fundamental physics of snooker and from this we identify a set of key skills that characterises the basis of all snooker shots. We present 5 snooker tests that can be used to quantify the performance of these key skills. This allows us to analyse snooker players in an objective manner based on their level of ability for each key skill. The article concludes with a user study that assesses the performance of novice, intermediate and professional players when performing our proposed snooker skills test, which demonstrates the ability to make accurate comparison between players of different ability.
Synthetic being of law: trying to deal with a processional interpretation
Authors: Носков Владимир , Noskov Vladimir 
Published: December 2014

The article is devoted to the problem of synthetic (integrative)
interpretation of law in the national philosophy and theory of
law. The author analyses pro et contra points of view concerning this
problem. He highlights the three main meanings to be taken into
account in the considering of integrative law: the intention as integrated
law; the process as integrable law; the result as integral law.
The author stresses the topicality of the processional interpretation
of the synthetic (integrative) law.
Review: Advancements and application of immunosensors in the analysis of food contaminants
Authors: AZAM MD. SHOFIUL , RAHMAN MD. RAMIM TANVER , LOU ZAIXIANG , TANG YUXIA , RAQIB SALEH MUHAMMED , JOTHI JAKIA SULTANA 
Published: December 2014

Azam MS, Rahman MRT, Lou Z, Tang Y, Raqib SM, Jothi JS. 2014. Advancements and application of immunosensors in the analysis of food contaminants. Nusantara Bioscience 6: 186-195. Immunosensors are affinity ligand-based biosensor solid-state devices in which the immunochemical reaction is coupled to a transducer. The fundamental basis of all immunosensors is the specificity of the molecular recognition of antigens by antibodies to form a stable complex. This is similar to the immunoassay methodology. Immunosensors can be categorized based on the detection principle applied. The main developments are electrochemical, optical, and microgravimetric immunosensors. In contrast to immunoassay, modern transducer technology enables the label-free detection and quantification of the immune complex. The analysis of trace substances in environmental science, pharmaceutical and food industries is a challenge since many of these applications demand a continuous monitoring mode. The use of immunosensors in these applications is most appropriate. Food chemists should take advantage of immunosensors in food and clinical diagnostics. There are many recent developments in the immunosensor field which have potential impacts. The future role of this technique in intra-laboratory, as well as bedside testing, will become even more important as the food laboratory is faced with increasing pressure to contain costs. Objective of this paper is to give a general overview of the possible application of immunosensors to the food analysis field.
Mathematical Modeling of Betanin Extraction from Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) by Solid–Liquid Method
Authors: Xu Honggao , Peng Qiang , Yuan Fang , Gao Yanxiang 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Effective diffusion coefficient (D-value) is an important parameter for the extraction process. In this study, a cylindrical model to estimate the D-value of betanin extraction from red beet roots was developed. The influence of extraction temperature, pH, cylindrical thickness and type of acids on the D-value was also investigated. The optimal parameters of betanin extraction were 30°C, pH 4.0 adjusted with sulfurous acid or acetic acid. D-values under the above conditions were 18.95×10−11 m2/s and 17.87×10−11 m2/s, respectively. The result showed that D-value elevated with the increase of cylindrical thickness, which was consistent with earlier conclusion from spherical model. The modeling may be useful for the investigation into extraction process and practical application.
The Pains of Attention
Authors: Howard Alex 
Published: December 2014

Alex Howard, “The Pains of Attention: Paratextual Reading in Practical Education and Castle Rackrent” (pp. 293–318)
In Practical Education (1798), Maria Edgeworth and Richard Lovell Edgeworth’s treatise on rationalist pedagogy, the authors define attention as a form of painful “mental labour.” The habit of concentrating, they suggest, must be carefully cultivated before the intellectual pleasure can outweigh the “fatigue” of thinking—and to do so, “those who expect to succeed in the art of teaching” must always remember “that we can attend to but one thing at a time.” Edgeworth’s ironic annotations to Castle Rackrent (1800), however, gleefully flout these rules. By formalizing the separation between narrative and contextual material, the Editor’s footnotes diversify—and intensify—the annotated novel’s claims on its reader’s attention. This essay reframes the Editor’s paratextual interruptions as deliberate pedagogical challenges to the “lazy” adult reader’s stunted faculty of attention. Investigating the phenomenology of paratextual reading, I argue that Edgeworth’s novel aims to empower its readers to gather, to process, and to retain the information that will guide them toward more responsible political judgments and more nuanced methods of knowledge production. Ultimately, by juxtaposing the habits of pleasurable attention required of responsible intellectual laborers with the realities of labor relations on the Irish estate, Edgeworth presents the novel’s pedagogy as a necessary intervention into Anglo-Irish labor relations at the critical moment of Union.
Henry James at the Ethical Turn
Authors: Flaherty Matthew 
Published: December 2014

Matthew Flaherty, “Henry James at the Ethical Turn: Vivification and Ironization in The Ambassadors” (pp. 366–393)
Taking its cue from recent work by Dorothy J. Hale, this paper begins by exploring the extent to which Levinasian, deconstructive, and Aristotelian critical approaches have associated Henry James’s fiction, and the ethical import of reading literature more broadly, with an array of related values including particularity, impulsiveness, and indeterminacy. Seeking to complicate this characterization of the ethical effects of Jamesian fiction, this paper emphasizes the debt of The Ambassadors (1903) to a form of dialectical narration that privileges an array of antithetical values including abstraction, analysis, and understanding. Attending in particular to the novel’s opposition between Lambert Strether’s imagination and Maria Gostrey’s discrimination, I argue that The Ambassadors uses perspectival relations between characters to clarify and challenge the judgments of its characters and, by extension, its readers. By building dialectical oppositions like these into his novels, James does not disrupt structures of thought with immediate feeling so much as he shapes immediate feelings into structures of thought. The paper makes the case that it is through juxtaposition to characters like Maria that the full significance of Strether’s feeling—that is, the perspective of value that motivates his practice—can be grasped by readers seeking to refine their own ethical thinking. By emphasizing how James’s fiction facilitates thoughts that attend to the whole, rather than just provoking feelings that attend to the particular, the paper seeks to expand both received understandings of James’s fiction and of ethical approaches to literary criticism more broadly.
Maternal Depressive Symptoms During Childhood and Risky Adolescent Health Behaviors
Authors: Wickham Maeve E. , Senthilselvan Ambikaipakan , Wild T. Cameron , Hoglund Wendy L.G. , Colman Ian 
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE:
Maternal depression is a risk factor for adolescent depression; however, the effect of childhood exposure to maternal depression on adolescent engagement in health risk behaviors (eg, substance use, delinquency) is unclear.

METHODS:
We examined the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms (child’s age 4–15) and engagement in health risk behaviors at age 16 to 17 by using data from 2910 mother–youth pairs in a nationally representative prospective Canadian cohort. Maternal depressive trajectories were estimated through finite mixture modeling, and multiple regression analyses examined the relationship between maternal depressive symptoms and engagement in various health risk behaviors (linear regression) and age of debut of various behaviors (Cox regression).

RESULTS:
Five trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms were found: recurrent maternal symptoms, midchildhood exposure to maternal symptoms, adolescent exposure to maternal symptoms, mild maternal symptoms, and low symptoms. Adolescents exposed to maternal depressive symptoms during middle childhood were more likely to use common substances (alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana), engage in violent and nonviolent delinquent behavior, and have an earlier debut ages of cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, and hallucinogen use.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results of this study suggest that exposure to maternal depressive symptoms, particularly in middle childhood, is associated with greater and earlier engagement in health risk behaviors.
DIFFERENT CHARACTERISTICS OF INFECTION WITH MYCOBACTERIA IN GRANULOMA CELLS FROM MICE WITH LATENT TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION AND IN BONE MARROW AND PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES AFTER BCG VACCINE APPLICATION IN VITRO
Authors: Ufimtseva E. G. 
Published: December 2014

The aim of the study was to compare the content of BCG-mycobacteria in granulomas obtained from various organs of BALB/c mice with latent tuberculosis after in vivo exposure to BCG vaccine and in mouse bone marrow and peritoneal macrophages after BCG infection in vitro. The granuloma cells obtained from mice through 20 days, one and two months after their BCG-infecting in vivo were differed with respect to both the number of granulomas with macrophages containing the defined numbers of BCG-mycobacteria and the quantity of cells with the defined numbers of bacilli in granulomas. However, in the preparations obtained from each mice, granuloma macrophages contained solitary BCGmycobacteria. At the same time, a shorter acute infection of mouse peritoneal and bone marrow macrophages by BCG vaccine resulted in considerable growth of bacilli in the host cells for 5 days in the culture in vitro. Therefore, granuloma macrophages could control BCG infection both in mice with latent tuberculosis in vivo and in the ex vivo culture, on the contrary, the bone marrow and peritoneal macrophages were not capable to control the BCG infection in the culture in vitro.
MICROECOLOGY OF NASOPHARYNGEAL MUCOSAL MEMBRANES AND ESTIMATION OF FACTORS OF MUCOSAL AND LYMPHOCYTIC IMMUNITY IN RECRUITS DURING THE FORMATION OF ORGANIZED TEAM
Authors: Nikiforov V. A. , Efimov E. I. , Piskarev Y. G. , Belyaeva E. V. , Ermolina G. B. 
Published: December 2014

Contamination of nasopharyngeal mucosa by opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria in practically healthy people during the formation of the close group has been accompanied by a dysfunction of mucosal immunity, imbalanceof cytokine profile, insolvency of antioxidant system, increasing endointoxication. Adequate changes of serum immunoglobulins level in patients with nasopharyngeal dysbiosis allow to conclude of usefulness of the pre-emptive vaccination and using drugs with immunomodulatory effect which reliably satisfy body’s need for antioxidants.
THE ANALYSIS OF IXODES TICKS INFESTATION WITH TBEV IN KIROV REGION
Authors: Bessolitsyna E. A. , Volkov S. A. , Stolbova F. S. , Darmov I. V. 
Published: December 2014

The objects of this study are Ixodes ticks which were collected in different areas of Kirov province. The aim of the study is to determine the proportion of TBEV infected ticks using the reverse transcription and PCR, dependingon time, place, and methods of collection in the Kirov province as well as of ticks specific and sexual identity. The study found that from the two tick species that were tested only taiga tick (Ixodes persulcatus) but not the meadow thick (Dermacentor reticulatus) was the TBEV vector. Study also has shown that both males and females ticks can be the TBEV vectors. Moreover, it was proved the importance of ticks testing which were gathered not only from human but also from animals, primary from dogs, and from the plants.
BIFIDUM-MEDIUM FOR ISOLATION AND CULTIVATION OF BIFIDOBACTERIA
Authors: Domotenko L. V. , Shepelin A. P. 
Published: December 2014

The comparative evaluation of Bifidum-medium quality (the nutrient medium for cultivation and selection bifidobacteria, dry) and Blaurock medium has been performed. It was shown that Bifidum-medium supports the typical growth of the main types of bifidobacteria: Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. breve, B. adolescentis, B. infantis, B. longum. The comparable results for the efficacy and the activity accumulation of acid were obtained in the study of probiotic «bifidumbacterin » using both media. In studies of faecal material the medium concentration of bifidobacteria was found 8.15 lg CFU/g on Bifidum-medium and 6.68 lg CFU/g on Blaurock medium.
Comparison of radiographic and computed tomographic images of the lungs in healthy neonatal foals
Authors: Schliewert Eva-Christina , Lascola Kara M. , O'Brien Robert T. , Clark-Price Stuart C. , Wilkins Pamela A. , Foreman Jonathan H. , Mitchell Mark A. , Hartman Susan K. , Kline Kevin H. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare CT and radiographic images of the lungs in sedated healthy foals positioned in sternal recumbency and to investigate whether a relationship exists between CT-derived measurements of lung attenuation and Paco2 and Pao2.
ANIMALS 6 healthy Standardbred foals < 14 days of age.
PROCEDURES Thoracic CT images were acquired followed by radiographic views with each foal sedated and positioned in sternal recumbency. For each foal, both CT and radiographic images were evaluated for severity and extent of changes by lung regions on the basis of a subjective scoring system by 3 investigators. Quantitative analysis of CT images was also performed. Assessments of Pao2 and Paco2 were performed before sedation, following sedation prior to CT, and after CT prior to radiography.
RESULTS Interobserver agreement for CT and radiographic image scoring was strong (0.73) and fair (0.65), respectively; intraobserver agreement was near perfect for CT (0.97) and radiographic (0.94) image scoring. Increased CT attenuation and radiographic changes were identified for all foals and were preferentially distributed in the caudoventral portion of the lungs. Radiographic scores were significantly lower than CT image scores. A positive correlation (r = 0.872) between lung attenuation and CT image score was identified. A significant increase in Paco2 was not considered clinically relevant. Significant changes in Pao2 were not observed.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that interpretation of CT images may be less subjective, compared with interpretation of radiographic images. These findings may aid in the evaluation of CT and radiographic images of neonatal foals with respiratory tract disease.