bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse socioeconomic position during the life course is associated with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Briggs Farren B S , Acuña Brigid S , Shen Ling , Bellesis Kalliope H , Ramsay Patricia P , Quach Hong , Bernstein Allan , Schaefer Catherine , Barcellos Lisa F 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundAdverse socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood and adulthood is associated with a proinflammatory phenotype, and therefore an important exposure to consider for multiple sclerosis (MS), a complex neuroinflammatory autoimmune disease. The objective was to determine whether SEP over the life course confers increased susceptibility to MS.Methods1643 white, non-Hispanic MS case and control members recruited from the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Plan, Northern California Region, for which comprehensive genetic, clinical and environmental exposure data have been collected were studied. Logistic regression models investigated measures of childhood and adulthood SEP, and accounted for effects due to established MS risk factors, includingHLA-DRB1*15:01allele carrier status, smoking history, history of infectious mononucleosis, family history of MS and body size.ResultsMultiple measures of childhood and adulthood SEP were significantly associated with risk of MS, includingparents rentingversusowning a home at age 10: OR=1.48, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.02, p=0.013;less than a college educationversusat least a college education based on parental household: OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.63, p=0.041;lowversushigh life course SEP: OR=1.50, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.05, p=0.012; andlowversushigh social mobility: OR=1.74, 95% CI 1.27 to 2.39, p=5.7×10−4.ConclusionsResults derived from a population-representative case–control study provide support for the role of adverse SEP in MS susceptibility and add to the growing evidence linking lower SEP to poorer health outcomes. Both genetic and environmental contributions to chronic conditions are important and must be characterised to fully understand MS aetiology.
Prevalence of dog erythrocyte antigen 1.1 in galgos (Spanish greyhounds)
Authors: Mesa‐Sanchez I. , Ruiz de Gopegui‐Fernández R. , Granados‐Machuca M. M. , Galan‐Rodriguez A. 
Published: February 2014

Dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA) 1.1 is the most clinically important blood group in dogs, as negative recipients for this group may develop a life‐threatening acute haemolytic transfusion reaction if they receive several DEA 1.1 positive blood transfusions. Due to their physical features, galgos are frequently used as blood donors in clinical practice, however, there are no published data regarding the prevalence of DEA 1.1 in this breed. Expression of DEA 1.1 was determined in 118 galgos and 88 dogs of other breeds being screened as potential blood donors, using an immunochromatographic cartridge typing kit (Quick Test DEA 1.1, Alvedia, Lyon, France). Of the total dogs, 53.4per cent (110/206) were positive for DEA 1.1. The prevalence of DEA 1.1 positive blood among our population of galgos and other‐breed dogs were 51.7 per cent (61/118) and 55.7 per cent (49/88), respectively. Potential risk of sensitisation in a recipient of other breed following non‐typed blood transfusion using blood from galgos was 22.9 per cent. Due to the clinical significance of DEA 1.1 and the high prevalence of this blood group in galgos of Spain, we strongly recommend blood‐typing for this group before administering any blood transfusion using galgos as donors, as with transfusions from other commonly used breeds.
Microbeam methods for the analysis of glass in fine-grained tephra deposits: a SMART perspective on current and future trends
Authors: Pearce Nicholas J. G. , Abbott Peter M. , Martin-Jones Catherine 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Correlation of tephra deposits frequently relies on the analysis of glass shards separated from their host. Small shards from distal deposits (marine-, ice- or lake-cores, peat bogs) are difficult to analyse. Here current methods for glass shard analysis from (particularly) marine tephra deposits are reviewed. These methods apply equally to other distal deposits, where linking repositories of climatic information is central to many research programmes. Electron probe microanalysis is used widely to determine the major element compositions of volcanic glass. However, electron beam irradiation causes permanent damage to glass, especially hydrated or silica- and alkali-rich compositions. Recent developments have shown that reliable data is obtained with beam diameters >3 µm on basaltic or moderately hydrated rhyolitic glass, provided low electron beam current densities are used. For robust correlation of tephra deposits from different environments, it is recommended that analytical data are normalized to an anhydrous basis. Glass trace element analysis is commonly performed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, which determines approx. 30 elements at <1 ppm from ablation craters 10 µm diameter, and although element fractionation occurs, it can be corrected. Recent developments in both methods should facilitate analysis of smaller, more distal material, expanding the geographical range over which reliable tephra correlations can be achieved.
Evolution of shallow and deep structures along the Maipo–Tunuyán transect (33°40′S): from the Pacific coast to the Andean foreland
Authors: Giambiagi Laura , Tassara Andrés , Mescua José , Tunik Maisa , Alvarez Pamela P. , Godoy Estanislao , Hoke Greg , Pinto Luisa , Spagnotto Silvana , Porras Hernán , Tapia Felipe , Jara Pamela , Bechis Florencia , García Víctor H. , Suriano Julieta , Moreiras Stella Maris , Pagano Sebastían D. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We propose an integrated kinematic model with mechanical constrains of the Maipo–Tunuyán transect (33°40′S) across the Andes. The model describes the relation between horizontal shortening, uplift, crustal thickening and activity of the magmatic arc, while accounting for the main deep processes that have shaped the Andes since Early Miocene time. We construct a conceptual model of the mechanical interplay between deep and shallow deformational processes, which considers a locked subduction interface cyclically released during megathrust earthquakes. During the coupling phase, long-term deformation is confined to the thermally and mechanically weakened Andean strip, where plastic deformation is achieved by movement along a main décollement located at the base of the upper brittle crust. The model proposes a passive surface uplift in the Coastal Range as the master décollement decreases its slip eastwards, transferring shortening to a broad area above a theoretical point S where the master detachment touches the Moho horizon. When the crustal root achieves its actual thickness of 50 km between 12 and 10 Ma, it resists further thickening and gravity-driven forces and thrusting shifts eastwards into the lowlands achieving a total Miocene–Holocene shortening of 71 km.
Efficacy and safety of edoxaban in comparison with dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Larsen Torben Bjerregaard , Rasmussen Lars Hvilsted , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Skjøth Flemming 
Published: February 2014

SummaryLarge Phase 3 clinical trials for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) have compared non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) against warfarin, with the edoxaban trial only recently reported. In the absence of head to head trials directly comparing these NOACs against each other, we compared the efficacy and safety of edoxaban to other agents by an indirect comparison analysis. We performed an indirect comparison analysis of edoxaban (2 dose strategies) against apixaban (1 dose), dabigatran etexilate (2 doses) and rivaroxaban (1 dose), for their relative efficacy and safety against each other. For high-dose edoxaban vs apixaban, there were no significant differences in efficacy endpoints, mortality, myocardial infarction and major bleeding. Apixaban was associated with less major or clinically relevant non-major bleeding (hazard ratio [HR] 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–0.90) and gastrointestinal bleeding (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.53–0.99). For dabigatran 110 mg twice daily, there were no significant differences in the main efficacy or safety endpoints. Dabigatran 150 mg bid was associated with lower stroke/systemic embolism (SE) (HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.56–0.99), stroke (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.55–0.96) and haemorrhagic stroke (HR 0.48; 95% CI 0.23–0.99). There were no significant differences between high-dose edoxaban vs rivaroxaban for efficacy endpoints or mortality, but rivaroxaban had more major and/or clinically relevant non-major bleeding. When compared to low-dose edoxaban, apixaban was associated with lower stroke/SE (HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.55–0.89), stroke (HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.55–0.92) and ischaemic stroke (HR 0.65; 95% CI 0.50–0.89), but more major bleeding (HR 1.47; 95% CI 1.20–1.80). For dabigatran 110 mg bid, there were no significant differences in the efficacy endpoints, but dabigatran 110 mg bid had higher major (and gastrointestinal) bleeding. Dabigatran 150 mg bid and rivaroxaban were associated with lower stroke/SE and ischaemic stroke, but higher bleeding rates. In the present analysis, we have provided for the first time, comparisons of efficacy and safety of edoxaban against other NOACs. Notwithstanding the significant limitations of an indirect comparison analysis, some differential effects are evident with the NOACs for stroke prevention, allowing us to allow the prescriber a ‘choice’ to be able to fit the drug to the patient clinical profile (and vice versa).Note: The review process for this paper was fully handled by Christian Weber, Editor in Chief.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-1 Promotes Neovascularization and Angiogenic Gene Expression
Authors: Boerckel Joel D. , Chandrasekharan Unnikrishnan M. , Waitkus Matthew S. , Tillmaand Emily G. , Bartlett Rebecca , DiCorleto Paul E. 
Published: February 2014

Objective—
Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels through endothelial cell sprouting. This process requires the mitogen-activated protein kinases, signaling molecules that are negatively regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of MKP-1 in neovascularization in vivo and identify associated mechanisms in endothelial cells.

Approach and Results—
We used murine hindlimb ischemia as a model system to evaluate the role of MKP-1 in angiogenic growth, remodeling, and arteriogenesis in vivo. Genomic deletion of MKP-1 blunted angiogenesis in the distal hindlimb and microvascular arteriogenesis in the proximal hindlimb. In vitro, endothelial MKP-1 depletion/deletion abrogated vascular endothelial growth factor–induced migration and tube formation, and reduced proliferation. These observations establish MKP-1 as a positive mediator of angiogenesis and contrast with the canonical function of MKP-1 as a mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase, implying an alternative mechanism for MKP-1–mediated angiogenesis. Cloning and sequencing of MKP-1–bound chromatin identified localization of MKP-1 to exonic DNA of the angiogenic chemokine fractalkine, and MKP-1 depletion reduced histone H3 serine 10 dephosphorylation on this DNA locus and blocked fractalkine expression. In vivo, MKP-1 deletion abrogated ischemia-induced fractalkine expression and macrophage and T-lymphocyte infiltration in distal hindlimbs, whereas fractalkine delivery to ischemic hindlimbs rescued the effect of MKP-1 deletion on neovascular hindlimb recovery.

Conclusions—
MKP-1 promoted angiogenic and arteriogenic neovascular growth, potentially through dephosphorylation of histone H3 serine 10 on coding-region DNA to control transcription of angiogenic genes, such as fractalkine. These observations reveal a novel function for MKP-1 and identify MKP-1 as a potential therapeutic target.
The ‘4Project’, Suning County, Hebei: Enabling Rural People to Come Together and Re-Organize
Authors: Ruoting Zheng 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Faced with the countless problems of rural society, in 2008 Suning County began to ponder and explore ways to solve these rural problems right at the root. Suning spent time and effort putting thought into the practicalities of working in the countryside, and combined this with the frame of reference gleaned through useful experiences of solving the ‘Three Rurals’ (the state’s term for three major issues troubling rural China). On this basis, Suning County devised the 4Project – a four-fold approach – to bring rural people back together, encouraging them once again to organize. Through development of grassroots Party organizations, grassroots democracy organizations, comprehensive stability maintenance organizations, and economic cooperatives, the local people, who had been scattered and lacking unity, were brought into these organizations.
Major Topics of Research on Chinese Foundations over the Last Decade: An Exploration Drawing on Co-Word Analysis
Authors: Xuqing Chen , Zhenhua Tian 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This paper adopts a co-word analysis approach and uses EXCEL and SPSS as tools to assist the authors in undertaking content analysis and mining of research on Chinese foundations between 2003-2012. In this way, the authors attempt to develop an understanding of the current state of research on Chinese foundations and to grasp the major areas within this research that has commanded the most attention. Our study reveals that the four main sub-divisions of this field that have been main focal points of scholarly interest are: the institutional environment within which foundations exist; internal governance; systems for foundation evaluation; and foundations linked to institutes of higher education.
Prevalence of depressive disorders and related factors in women in the first trimester of their pregnancies in Erzurum, Turkey
Authors: Akçalı Aslan Puren , Aydın Nazan , Yazıcı Esra , Aksoy Ayse Nur , Kirkan Tulay Sati , Daloglu Gokhan Ali 
Published: February 2014

Introduction: Depression is the most frequently seen mental disease in the pregnancy period. The first trimester of pregnancy is important in terms of its effects on both the fetus and on the mother. This study has researched the prevalence of depression in women in the first trimester of their pregnancies in Erzurum, which is a large province in the Eastern region of Turkey. Method: The study participants were 463 pregnant women who were in the first trimester of their pregnancy. Screening was primarily carried out using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Fourth Edition ( DSM-IV)–Clinical Version (SCID-I) was applied to those participants with a score of 12 points and higher. To assess the risk factors, a sociodemographic data form was completed by the authors. Results: The total depressive disorder rate was 16.8% in women in the first trimester of their pregnancies (12.3% major depressive disorder, 1.5% double depression, 2.6% minor depressive disorder and 0.4% dysthymia). A history of mental disease, mental disease suffered during a previous pregnancy, exposure to violence in the present pregnancy, an unplanned pregnancy and spouse’s unemployment were predictors for depressive disorders. Conclusion: It is important to identify the risk groups for the early recognition of depression in pregnancy. Developing depression screening programs can be useful for early diagnosis and therapy.
On the importance of telemetric temperature sensor location during intraperitoneal implantation in rats
Authors: Chapon PA , Bulla J , Gauthier A , Moussay S 
Published: February 2014

This study aims to assess the thermal homogeneity of the intraperitoneal (IP) cavity and the relevance of using a fixed telemetric temperature sensor at a given location in studying rodents. Ten rats were intraperitoneally implanted with three Jonah® capsules each; after assessing the accuracy and reliability of the sensors. Two capsules were attached, one to the right iliac fossa (RIF) and the other to the left hypochondrium (LH), and another was placed between the intestines but not attached (Free). In the ex vivo condition, the differences between sensors and reference values remained in the range of ±0.1℃. In the in vivo condition, each sensor enabled the observation of temperature patterns. However, sensor location affected mean and median temperature values while the rats were moving freely. Indeed, temperature data collected in the LH were 0.1℃ significantly higher than those collected in the RIF and temperature data collected in the LH were 0.11℃ significantly higher than those collected with the Free capsules. In in vivo conditions, intra-sensor variability of temperature data was not affected by sensor location. Taking into account sensor accuracy, similar intra-sensor variability, and mean differences observed between the three locations, the impact of sensor location within the IP cavity could be considered negligible. In in vivo conditions, temperature differences between locations regularly exceeded ±0.2℃ and reached up to 2.5℃. These extreme values could be explained by behavioral factors such as food or water intake. Finally, considering the good thermal homogeneity of the IP cavity and possible adverse consequences of sensor attachment, it seems better to let sensors range free within the cavity.
Prognostic indicators for children and young people at the end of life: A Delphi study
Authors: Shaw Karen L , Brook Lynda , Cuddeford Lisa , Fitzmaurice Nicki , Thomas Claire , Thompson Angela , Wallis Maybelle 
Published: February 2014

Background: Recognizing transitions in end of life care for children is difficult and hinders communication and care planning. Aim: To identify the signs and symptoms that are most useful in signalling which children may have end of life care needs. Methods: A Delphi study was undertaken with palliative care professionals who rated the extent to which 75 symptoms alerted them that a child/young person may have moved into his or her last (a) weeks/days, (b) 6–12 months of life using a 7-point response scale. Level of support for items was indicated by the median, and consensus was shown by the mean absolute deviation from the median. The impact of the Delphi on final agreement and consensus was also assessed. Results: Second-round questionnaires were completed by 49 (89%) individuals. It was easier to identify prognostic items in the last weeks/days than earlier in the end of life trajectory. Items most indicative included failure of physiological systems, deteriorating level of consciousness, loss of autonomic control (e.g. breathing and peripheral circulation), together with a feeling of the professional that life is ending and an agreement that resuscitation would be futile. Items most indicative of last 6/12 months suggest a progressive decline in disease trajectory, increased chest infections or other complications from which the child has difficulty in making a full recovery and which may require high dependency or critical care. Conclusion: This study provides important insight into which signs and symptoms are considered most valuable in identifying children approaching the end of the life.
Comparisons of Retear Patterns for 3 Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Methods
Authors: Kim Kyung Cheon , Shin Hyun Dae , Cha Soo Min , Park Jun Yeong 
Published: February 2014

Background: Only a few studies have reported an unusual retear pattern after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair based on the repair method. Purpose: To compare the retear pattern of the arthroscopic single-row technique (SRT), conventional suture-bridge technique (SBT), and knotless suture-bridge technique (K-SBT) for rotator cuff tears. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study evaluated 65 shoulders with retears revealed on magnetic resonance imaging at least 6 months after arthroscopic repair for a full-thickness rotator cuff tear. A retear was revealed in 21, 22, and 22 shoulders after the SRT, SBT, and K-SBT, respectively. Retears were classified as type 1 (unhealed tendons), type 2 (medially ruptured tendons with a healed footprint), or type 3 (unable to classify). Retear patterns were classified as full- or partial-thickness lesions; partial-thickness retears were further classified as articular- or bursal-side lesions. Results: A type 1 retear was observed in 71.4%, 40.9%, and 54.5% and a type 2 retear in 23.8%, 59.0%, and 40.9% of patients in the SRT, SBT, and K-SBT groups, respectively. No significant differences were observed among the 3 groups together ( P = .195); however, a significant difference was observed between the SRT and SBT groups alone ( P = .049). No significant differences were observed for either type 1 ( P = .121) or type 2 (including both full- and partial-thickness) retears ( P = .064) among the 3 groups together. When respective pairs of groups were compared, a significant difference was noted in both type 1 ( P = .044) and type 2 retears ( P = .019) between the SRT and SBT groups alone. No significant differences were observed in type 1 ( P = .281) or type 2 full-thickness retears ( P = .117) among the 3 groups together. When pairs of groups were compared, a significant difference in type 2 full-thickness retears was detected between the SRT and SBT groups alone ( P = .037). Conclusion: The SBT has a different retear pattern than that of the SRT. However, the K-SBT retear pattern was not different from that of the SRT.
Funnel Tenotomy Versus Intracuff Tenodesis for Lesions of the Long Head of the Biceps Tendon Associated With Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Cho Nam Su , Cha Sang Won , Rhee Yong Girl 
Published: February 2014

Background: There is no clear consensus regarding optimal management of lesions of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) associated with rotator cuff tears. Purpose: To compare clinical outcome and cosmetic deformity of a funnel tenotomy versus intracuff tenodesis for concomitant LHBT lesion in patients with rotator cuff tears. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Patients who underwent surgical treatment for rotator cuff tears associated with LHBT lesions between March 2005 and February 2011 were enrolled in the study (N = 83). Forty-one underwent a funnel tenotomy (group A), and 42 underwent an intracuff tenodesis (group B). The mean age at the time of operation was 63.8 years in group A (range, 44-68 years) and 58.6 years in group B (range, 45-70 years). Results: At the most recent follow-up, the mean University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score in group A improved from a preoperative mean of 16.9 ± 3.6 to 30.6 ± 4.1 ( P < .001), and the Constant score improved from 58.7 ± 14.2 to 73.8 ± 11.2 ( P < .001). In group B, these scores improved from 18.1 ± 4.0 to 31.3 ± 3.0 ( P < .001) and 53.6 ± 13.4 to 74.8 ± 11.9 ( P < .001), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups ( P = .43 for UCLA, P = .81 for Constant score). Popeye deformity was detected in 11 cases of group A (26.8%) and in 7 cases of group B (16.7%) ( P = .06). Conclusion: For the treatment of concomitant LHBT lesions in patients with rotator cuff tears, both a funnel tenotomy and an intracuff tenodesis showed good clinical outcomes. Even though the incidence of Popeye deformity in the funnel tenotomy group tended to be higher, there was no significant difference in the overall incidence of cosmetic deformity between the 2 groups.