bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiphysics Modeling of Liver Tumor Ablation by High Intensity Focused Ultrasound
Authors: Solovchuk Maxim , Sheu Tony Wen-Hann , Thiriet Marc 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHigh intensity focused ultrasound is a rapidly developing technology for the ablation of tumors. Liver cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Since liver has a large number of blood vessels, blood flow cooling can reduce the necrosed volume and may cause regeneration of the tumor to occur. All cancer cells should be ablated without damaging of the critical tissues. Today, treatment planning tools consider liver as a homogeneous organ. This paper is a step towards the development of surgical planning platform for a non-invasive HIFU tumor ablative therapy in a real liver geometry based on CT/MRI image. This task requires coupling of different physical fields: acoustic, thermal and hydrodynamic. These physical fields can influence each other. In this paper we illustrate how a computational model can be used to improve the treatment efficiency. In large blood vessel both convective cooling and acoustic streaming can change the temperature considerably near blood vessel. The whole tumor ablation took only 30 seconds in the considered simulation case, which is very small comparing with the current treatment time of several hours. Through this study we are convinced that high ultrasound power and nonlinear propagation effects with appropriate treatment planning can sufficiently reduce the treatment time.
High-Order Conservative Asymptotic-Preserving Schemes for Modeling Rarefied Gas Dynamical Flows with Boltzmann-BGK Equation
Authors: Diaz Manuel A. , Chen Min-Hung , Yang Jaw-Yen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHigh-order and conservative phase space direct solvers that preserve the Euler asymptotic limit of the Boltzmann-BGK equation for modelling rarefied gas flows are explored and studied. The approach is based on the conservative discrete ordinate method for velocity space by using Gauss Hermite or Simpsons quadrature rule and conservation of macroscopic properties are enforced on the BGK collision operator. High-order asymptotic-preserving time integration is adopted and the spatial evolution is performed by high-order schemes including a finite difference weighted essentially non-oscillatory method and correction procedure via reconstruction schemes. An artificial viscosity dissipative model is introduced into the Boltzmann-BGK equation when the correction procedure via reconstruction scheme is used. The effects of the discrete velocity conservative property and accuracy of high-order formulations of kinetic schemes based on BGK model methods are provided. Extensive comparative tests with one-dimensional and two-dimensional problems in rarefied gas flows have been carried out to validate and illustrate the schemes presented. Potentially advantageous schemes in terms of stable large time step allowed and higher-order of accuracy are suggested.
Produtividade de clones de eucaliptos em diferentes sistemas de manejo para fins energéticos
Authors: Gadelha Fernando Henrique de Lima , Aleixo da Silva José Antônio , Caraciolo Ferreira Rinaldo Luiz , Dos Santos Rubeni Cunha , Tavares José Alves 
Published: October 2015

<p> A região do polo gesseiro do Araripe, em Pernambuco, é a maior produtora de gesso do Brasil, e tem como principal fonte energética para produção de gesso a lenha proveniente da Caatinga, que por sua vez não oferece material lenhoso suficiente para atender à demanda energética da indústria do gesso, resultando em desmatamentos que comprometem a sustentabilidade da região. Uma opção para atender essa demanda é a implantação de florestas de rápido crescimento. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o desenvolvimento volumétrico de três clones de <em>Eucalyptus </em>spp. conduzidos sob os sistemas de manejo de alto fuste e de talhadia, plantados no espaçamento 3m x 2 m. O experimento foi implantado na Estação Experimental do Instituto Agronômico de Pernambuco, em Araripina, PE. Foram mensuradas altura e circunferência a 1,30 m do solo de todas as árvores a cada seis meses nas idades de 24 a 42 meses, e os volumes foram calculados considerando-se um fator de forma de 0,51. Os dados foram avaliados por análises multivariadas de medidas repetidas. O clone C39 (híbrido de <em>E. urophylla, </em>cruzamento natural) foi o mais produtivo nos dois sistemas de manejo.</p>
Positieve veiligheid. Een theoretische analyse van een omstreden begrip
Authors: Bakker Gerben 
Published: October 2015

Positive security. A theoretical analysis of a controversial concept
The concept of positive security appears more and more often in academic and public discussions. It presents a normative agenda for a non-repressive approach of security. In the article, it is claimed that the concept and its implications lack fundamental clarity. First of all, it is illustrated that the meaning of positive security primarily develops on the renouncement of negative security. Second, a historical comparison between the discipline of international relations and criminology discloses that different meanings have been assigned to positive security that seem at times at odds with each other. These frictions substantiate the view that it is problematic to accept positive security as an unequivocal recipe for change. Finally, the consequences of the disseminated structure of meaning are discussed in relation to the ambition of reform that positive security represents. For example, advocates of positive security do not seem eager to commit themselves to very clear normative views. This makes it difficult to really pin down what the suggested changes underlying positive security, are truly implying. Moreover, positive security invites us to extend the horizon of security politics to include various kinds of positive needs and values. But doesn’t this take us back to the initial criticism that the reach of the security concept has extended too much, covering virtually every aspect of life?
How much trait variance is captured in autobiographical memory ratings?
Authors: Aytürk Ezgi , Ece Berivan , Göktaş Nilüfer , Gülgöz Sami 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study examined the trait‐variance in autobiographical memory recollection (AMR). Participants (N = 397) provided ratings on eight autobiographical memories elicited using cue words. Multilevel random coefficients modeling revealed that 43% of the variance in memory ratings was due to individual differences, while the remaining 57% was related to other factors. Scores on the Brief Autobiographical Recollection Test (Brief ART; Berntsen et al.), a measure of metacognitive evaluations of autobiographical memory, were significantly correlated with mean memory ratings. However, they only explained 34% of the variance in mean ratings, and 15% of the variance in the ratings of individual memories, suggesting that metacognitive evaluations do not fully coincide with actual memory experiences. These findings suggest that AMR is a complex phenomenon influenced by both stable individual differences and situational factors. Multilevel modeling provides a rigorous approach to gaining a more nuanced understanding of AMR by disentangling various sources of variance.
Disease Phenotypes in Refractory Musculoskeletal Pain Syndromes Identified by Unsupervised Machine Learning
Authors: Hügle Thomas , Prétat Tiffany , Suter Marc , Lovejoy Chris , Ming Azevedo Pedro 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveOverlapping chronic pain syndromes, including fibromyalgia, are heterogeneous and often treatment‐resistant entities carrying significant socioeconomic burdens. Individualized treatment approaches from both a somatic and psychological side are necessary to improve patient care. The objective of this study was to identify and visualize patient clusters in refractory musculoskeletal pain syndromes through an extensive set of clinical variables, including immunologic, psychosomatic, wearable, and sleep biomarkers.MethodsData were collected during a multimodal pain program involving 202 patients. Seventy‐eight percent of the patients fulfilled the criteria for fibromyalgia, 77% had a concomitant psychiatric‐mediated disorder, and 22% a concomitant rheumatic immune‐mediated disorder. Five patient phenotypes were identified by hierarchical agglomerative clustering as a form of unsupervised learning, and a predictive model for the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) response was generated. Based on the clustering data, digital personas were created with DALL‐E (OpenAI).ResultsThe most relevant distinguishing factors among clusters were living alone, body mass index, peripheral joint pain, alexithymia, psychiatric comorbidity, childhood pain, neuroleptic or benzodiazepine medication, and response to virtual reality. Having an immune‐mediated disorder was not discriminatory. Three of five clusters responded to the multimodal treatment in terms of pain (BPI intensity), one cluster responded in terms of functional improvement (BPI interference), and one cluster notably responded to the virtual reality intervention. The independent predictive model confirmed strong opioids, trazodone, neuroleptic treatment, and living alone as the most important negative predictive factors for reduced pain after the program.ConclusionOur model identified and visualized clinically relevant chronic musculoskeletal pain subtypes and predicted their response to multimodal treatment. Such digital personas and avatars may play a future role in the design of personalized therapeutic modalities and clinical trials.
Hybrid sand cat‐galactic swarm optimization‐based adaptive maximum power point tracking and blade pitch controller for wind energy conversion system
Authors: Ebraheem Menda , Jyothsna T. R. 
Published: August 2024

SummaryAs wind energy is sustainable, pollution‐free, easily available, and free of cost, it has become an efficient source of renewable energy for electricity generation. But, the problem with wind energy is that it varies with time, seasons, and location. This makes the Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) unstable as it frequently needs to match the load demands. The balance in power generation by wind energy is essential since it has to be connected to various grids. So, this unbalanced energy production can affect the stability of the associated power grids as well. It also results in expensive regulatory measures, storage options, and load shedding. So, the stable operation of the WECS is highly essential to adapt it as a trustable source of electricity production. The stable operation of the WECS requires a robust and advanced system for control. Better control of the wind power extracting model is achieved by controlling the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) and blade pitch. So, an Adaptive MPPT and Blade Pitch Controller (BPC) for the WECS have been developed in this article, with the support of a hybrid optimization algorithm. In order to enhance the working principles of this controller, two effective algorithms such as Sand Cat Swarm Optimization (SCSO) and Galactic Swarm Optimization (GSO) are integrated and named Hybrid Sand Cat Galactic Swarm Optimization (HSC‐GSO). With the help of the recommended HSC‐GSO, the functionality of the controller is enhanced and also at the same time this algorithm helps to optimize the three gains in the Proportional Integral Differential (PID) controller of both MPPT and BPC, respectively. Moreover, with the support of the proposed HSC‐GSO the damping oscillations in the WECS output power and voltage are minimized. In the end, the numerical analysis is conducted for the presented system by comparing it with the traditional techniques. From the overall result analysis, the stability of the recommended adaptive WECS is 97, which is higher than the conventional algorithms such as DHOA, SCSO, GSO, and DA. Thus, it has been proved that the proposed HSC‐GSO algorithm for the parameters optimization in the PID controller of MPPT and the PID controller of BPC attains high robustness, increased steady‐state stability, and efficient transient response than the traditional techniques.
Highly Flexible Electrodes Based on Nano/Micro‐Fiber for Flexible Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Hwang Chihyun , Hwang Jongha , Kwak Myung‐Jun , Kim Hyun‐seung , Song Hyun‐Kon , Song Woo‐Jin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlthough Li metal batteries (LMBs) with high flexibility are attractive energy storage systems for wearable devices due to their high energy density, there exist critical challenges such as limited loading density, poor dimensional stability, and thus mechanical instability under repeated mechanical deformations including bending, twisting, and folding. In this work, extremely flexible nano/microfiber composite electrodes are developed for LMBs. The highly flexible and mechanically durable electrode is composed of oxidized polyethylene terephthalate (O‐PET) microfiber (MF) substrates covered by single‐walled carbon nanotube (CNT) nanofibers (NF), prepared by mass‐producible O2 plasma treatment and spray‐coating. CNT nanofibers provided an electrical intertangled network to integrate the active materials (i.e., either NCM or passivated Li powder (PLP)) and anchored to a flexible O‐PET MF substrate, which permits high mass loading of active materials, improved electrochemical performance while maintaining mechanical durability. Resultantly, the flexible LMBs based on nano/micro fibrous electrodes have excellent energy density (300.1 Wh kg−1 electrode; nominal voltage of 3.7 V) and stable capacity retention (97.1%) without mechanical failure over 500 folding cycles.
Composites from Self‐Assembled Protein Nanofibrils and Liquid Metal Gallium
Authors: Liu Li , Rahim Md. Arifur , Li Tianchen , Kilani Mohamed , He Yilin , Shao Zeyu , Zheng Jiewei , Wang Chen , Baharfar Mahroo , Chiu Shih‐Hao , Ireland Jake , Sorenson Timothy L. , Rawal Aditya , Mousavi Maedehsadat , Ghasemian Mohammad B. , Zhang Chengchen , Tang Jianbo , Wong Edgar H. H. , Zhang Jin , Allioux Francois‐Marie , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh , Shen Yi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGallium (Ga), a low‐melting‐point liquid metal with soft, metallic, and biocompatible properties, offers many possibilities. However, the potential of composites that integrate Ga with biomacromolecules, combining their biocompatibility, elasticity, and conductivity, has not been thoroughly explored, which is a gap for advancing these composites in various applications. In parallel and independently, protein self‐assembled l.,;3bhnanofibrils have attracted great interest as building blocks for functional biomaterials. Here, composites of Ga droplets and nanofibrils are presented, self‐assembled from plant proteins of soy protein isolate (SPI). It is evidenced that in these composites self‐assembled SPI nanofibrils can effectively reduce the oxidation of Ga droplets. It is observed that the composites of β‐sheet nanofibrils and Ga droplets offer mechanical properties similar to only fibrils‐based films. Films of 32 wt% Ga in SPI showed enhanced electrical conductivity and well‐structured nanofibrils with multifunctional potential in gas‐sensing and electronically controlled antibacterial applications. It is illustrated that the 32 wt% Ga in SPI composite offered the best sensing performance for a diatomic molecule, CO, and electro‐stimulation of this composite effectively reduced bacterial growth. The Ga in SPI composite, combining the advantages of protein nanofibrils and Ga droplets, offers great potential in future biomedical applications.
In Situ Growth Mechanism of Nano Brochantite on Superhydrophobic Eucalyptus Scrimber
Authors: Wang Baiyu , Guo Xueli , Liu Qian , Dai Jiahui , Wang Lingling , Luo Bei , Yang Long , Du Guanben , Gao Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe urgent requirement of carbon reduction in the world provides wood products a historical opportunity to play a crucial role to fix carbon dioxide and reduce carbon emission. It is essential to reveal the in situ growth mechanism of copper nanoparticles on eucalyptus scrimber surface. Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 nanoflowers are in situ synthesized successfully on the surface of eucalyptus scrimber via a simple hydrothermal process in this work. The detailed nucleation and in situ growth process of Cu4(OH)6SO4 nanoparticles on the surface of eucalyptus scrimber, characterized by the trajectory of size evolution, are revealed first in this work. According to the classical nucleation theory, the nucleation stage of as prepared Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 nanoflowers includes nucleus formation and nucleus growth. Although the same initial precursor reactant is obtained at the nucleation stage, there are two types of early nanoparticles, with morphology of fusiform and strip shape being self assembled to nanoflower structure during the growth stage. Further, the modified eucalyptus scrimber exhibits excellent superhydrophobicity, UV durability, mold and moisture resistance, as well as reversible property. Therefore, the proposed in situ growth kinetics related to Cu4(OH)6SO4 nanoparticles on wood surface have potential to be a reference to develop multifunctional superhydrophobic wood‐based material for variable applications.
Color‐Stable, All‐Phosphorescent White Organic Light Emitting Diodes Using the Polariton‐Enhanced Purcell Effect
Authors: Arneson Claire Ε. , Zhao Haonan , Forrest Stephen R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe short operational lifetimes of high efficiency phosphorescent organic blue light emitting devices (PHOLEDs) has limited their use in displays and lighting. Previously, this problem has been avoided by using less efficient fluorescent blue devices in separately biased red, green, and blue emissive elements to achieve stable full color emission. However, the operational lifetime of blue phosphorescent OLEDs has been significantly improved through the utilization of the plasmon‐exciton‐polariton‐enhanced (PEP) Purcell effect. Here, a white emitting PHOLED comprising stacked red, green, and blue elements is demonstrated that exploits PEPs to extend the operational lifetime of the blue element such that all emissive layers degrade at the same rate. The device features white light emission with an external quantum efficiency of 19.1 ± 0.4%, luminous power efficiency of 13.3 ± 0.3 lm W−1 at a luminance of 1000 cd m−2 when measured over 4π solid angle, with a color rendering index of 76 unchanged throughout the device aging to 70% of its initial luminance, T70. A 2.9 times enhancement in the operational lifetime of the Purcell‐enhanced device is achieved to yield T70 = 2900 ± 100 h for an initial luminance of 1000 cd m−2, compared to devices lacking this enhancement with T70 = 1000 ± 100 h.
Axial Chiral Biphenyl MR‐TADF Enantiomers for Efficient Narrowband Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Zhi , Xing Shuai , Xiao Xiong , Yuan Li , Hou Zhe‐Yuan , Zheng You‐Xuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCircularly polarized multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (CP‐MR‐TADF) materials, capable of achieving circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), play a crucial role in the field of 3D display. In this study, two pairs of axial chiral MR‐TADF enantiomers, (R/S)‐S‐AX‐BN and (R/S)‐SO2‐AX‐BN, are synthesized by fusing biphenyl skeletons containing sulfur/sulfone with classic B/N‐embedded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. These compounds exhibit good photophysical properties with intense CPL. (R/S)‐S‐AX‐BN and (R/S)‐SO2‐AX‐BN display green photoluminescence, with peaks at 489 and 495 nm, full‐width at half‐maximum (FWHM) values of 21 and 20 nm in toluene, and dissymmetry factors (|gPL|) of 3.5 × 10−3 and 2.3 × 10−3 in doped films, respectively. Additionally, circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) fabricated from (R/S)‐S‐AX‐BN and (R/S)‐SO2‐AX‐BN exhibit narrow electroluminescence (EL) spectra with FWHMs of 22 and 21 nm. These CP‐OLEDs achieve high maximum external quantum efficiencies of 33.5% and 31.5%, with relatively low efficiency roll‐offs. Furthermore, they exhibit high |gEL| factors of 3.3 × 10−3 and 2.2 × 10−3, respectively, representing the highest values among axial chiral analogs. This work introduces a novel approach for designing axial chiral CP‐MR‐TADF molecules and provides a reference for fabricating narrowband CP‐OLEDs with high efficiency and intense CPL.
A Multifunctional Aptamer Decorated Lipid Nanoparticles for the Delivery of EpCAM‐targeted CRISPR/Cas9 Plasmid for Efficacious In Vivo Tumor Regression
Authors: Sarkar Sourav , Moitra Parikshit , Duan Wei , Bhattacharya Santanu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEpithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) gene encodes a type‐I trans‐membrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed in many cancerous epithelial cells and promotes tumor progression by regulating the expression of several oncogenes like c‐myc and other cyclins. Because of this tumorigenic association, the EpCAM gene has been a potential target for anti‐cancer therapy in recent days. Herein, it is attempted to knockout the proto‐oncogenic EpCAM expression by efficiently delivering an all‐in‐one Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) plasmid via a lipid nanoparticle system made out of synthetic stimuli‐sensitive lipids. The plasmid possesses the necessary information in the form of a guide RNA targeted to the EpCAM gene. The aptamer decorated system selectively targets EpCAM overexpressed cells and efficiently inhibits the genetic expression. It has explored the pH‐responsive property of the developed lipid nanoparticles and monitored their efficacy in various cancer cell lines of different origins with elevated EpCAM levels. The phenomenon has further been validated in vivo in non‐immunocompromised mouse tumor models. Overall, the newly developed aptamer decorated lipid nanoparticle system has been proven to be efficacious for the delivery of EpCAM‐targeted CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid.
Glucose‐Operated Widget (GLOW) for Closed‐Loop Optogenetic Glycemic Control
Authors: Maity Debasis , Guha Ray Preetam , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClosed‐loop control systems for precise control of therapeutic gene expression are promising candidates for personalized treatment of chronic ailments such as diabetes. Pancreatic iβ‐cells are engineered with blue‐light‐inducible melanopsin to drive rapid insulin release by vesicular secretion from intracellular stores. In this work, a glucose‐operated widget (GLOW) is designed as a component of a closed‐loop control system for diabetes treatment by employing a probe that emits blue fluorescence in a glucose‐concentration‐dependent manner as a real‐time glucose sensor to precisely control insulin release from these iβ‐cells. As proof‐of‐concept of the complete control system, the probe is encapsulated together with iβ‐cells in alginate‐poly‐(L‐lysine) hydrogel‐microbeads(400 µm in diameter and containing about 500 cells) called GLOWiβ (GLOW with iβ‐cells), are subcutaneously implanted into type‐1‐diabetic (T1D) mice. Illumination by UV‐A light at 390 nm results in glucose‐concentration‐dependent blue‐light emission from the probe at 445 nm that in turn induces glucose‐concentration‐dependent insulin release from the iβ‐cells in a fully reversible manner. Activation of the injected GLOWiβ at 390 nm for 15 min effectively restores normoglycemia within 60–120 min in a closed‐loop manner in these diabetic mice. The system is robust, as normoglycemia is well maintained by daily activation for at least 7 days.