bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Renin‐Angiotensin System May Slow Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Wharton Whitney , Goldstein Felicia C. , Zhao Liping , Steenland Kyle , Levey Allan I. , Hajjar Ihab 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo assess the effect of modulation of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) on conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cognitive decline in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and the effect of the permeability of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and race on the potential relationship between the RAS and AD.DesignAnalysis of data from AD centers funded by the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, National Institute on Aging.SettingAlzheimer's Disease Centers.ParticipantsIndividuals receiving antihypertensive medications who had MCI at baseline and had cognitive assessments on at least two follow‐up visits (N = 784; mean age 75 l 48/% male).MeasurementsConversion to AD and cognitive and functional decline.ResultsFour hundred eighty‐eight participants were receiving RAS‐acting antihypertensive medications. RAS‐acting medication users were less likely to convert to AD (33% vs 40%; P = .04) and had slower decline on the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR‐SOB, P = .005) and Digit Span Forward (P = .02) than nonusers. BBB‐crossing RAS‐acting medications were associated with slower cognitive decline on the CDR‐SOB, (P = .009), the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), (P = .001), and the Boston Naming test (P = .002). RAS‐acting medications were associated with cognitive benefits more in African Americans than in Caucasians (MMSE, P = .05; category fluency, P = .04; Digit Span Backward, P = .03).ConclusionRAS‐acting medication users were less likely to convert to AD. BBB permeability may produce additional cognitive benefit, and African Americans may benefit more from RAS modulation than Caucasians. Results highlight the need for trials investigating RAS modulation during prodromal disease stages.
Age‐Related Differences in Sleep–Wake Symptoms of Adults Undergoing Polysomnography
Authors: Vaz Fragoso Carlos A. , Van Ness Peter H. , Araujo Katy L. B. , Iannone Lynne P. , Klar Yaggi Henry 
Published: September 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate age‐related differences in sleep–wake symptoms.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingTechnologist‐attended, laboratory‐based polysomnography (PSG).ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling adults aged 20 to 89 (N = 201): 52 aged 18 to 39, 72 aged 40 to 59, and 77 aged 60 and older.MeasurementsMedical burden (Charlson Comorbidity Index, medications, health status), PSG‐defined sleep disorders (sleep‐disordered breathing (SDB), sleep‐associated hypoxemia, periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS)), sleep–wake symptoms (Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), fatigue (Facit‐F Scale)).ResultsMedical burden increased significantly with age (Charlson Comorbidity Index and number of medications, P < .001; health status, P = .005). Severity of sleep disorders also increased significantly with age (SDB and hypoxemia, P < .001; PLMS, P = .008). Conversely, sleep–wake symptoms decreased with age (daytime drowsiness (ESS ≥ 10), P = .02; insomnia (ISI ≥ 8), P = .04; fatigue, P < .001). In adjusted models, a 1‐year increase in age was significantly associated with a 4% decrease in the odds of having daytime drowsiness (odds ratio (OR) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.93–0.98). Similarly, but only in those with mild SDB, a 1‐year increase in age was significantly associated with a 5% decrease in the odds of having insomnia (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92–0.99).ConclusionOlder age was characterized by less‐severe sleep–wake symptoms (daytime drowsiness, insomnia, fatigue), despite an age‐related increase in disease severity (medical burden, sleep disorders). Because the increase in disease severity included well‐established risk factors for having sleep–wake symptoms, the age‐related decrease in sleep–wake symptoms may reflect a decrease in symptom awareness.
Turkish validity and reliability of Organ Donation Attitude Scale
Authors: Yazici Sayin Yazile 
Published: September 2015

Aims and ObjectivesTo report the translation and adaptation process from English to Turkish and the psychometric estimates of the validity and reliability of The Organ Donation Attitude Scale Turkish. Its aim (1) is to provide data about and (2) to assess Turkish people's attitudes and volunteerism towards organ donation.BackgroundLack of donors is a significant problem for organ transplantation worldwide. Attitudes about organ donation and volunteerism are important factors in the lack of donors.DesignTo collect survey data from Turkish participants, a cross‐sectional design was used: the classical measurement method.MethodsThe Organ Donation Attitude Scale was translated from English to Turkish and back‐translated into English. The analysis included a total of 892 Turkish participants. The validity of the scale was confirmed by exploratory factor analysis and criterion‐relation validity testing. A test–retest procedure was implemented for the reliability of the scale over time.ResultsThe Organ Donation Attitude Scale consists of three relatively independent components: humanity and moral conviction, fears of medical neglect and fears of bodily mutilation. Internal consistency of these three components resulted in acceptable Cronbach's α levels. Positive correlation occurred between the volunteerism score and positive attitude about organ donation. The correlation between volunteerism score and negative attitude about organ donation was negative. Fears of bodily mutilation were most significantly related to unwillingness to commit to organ donation. The test–retest correlation coefficients proves that the Organ Donation Attitude Scale were reliable over time.ConclusionThe Organ Donation Attitude Scale Turkish version is both a reliable and valid instrument that can be useful in measuring positive and negative attitudes of Turkish people about organ donation.Relevance to clinical practiceWith the Organ Donation Attitude Scale, researchers in Turkey will be able to ascertain important data on volunteerism and attitudes towards organ donation. Thus, positive attitudes towards cadaver organ donations will be able to encourage organ donation in Turkey.
SOURCE‐ROCK MATURITY, HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL AND OIL – SOURCE‐ROCK CORRELATION IN WELL SHORISH‐1, ERBIL PROVINCE, KURDISTAN REGION, IRAQ
Authors: Sachsenhofer R. F. , Bechtel A. , Gratzer R. , Rainer T. M. 
Published: September 2015

The Shorish‐1 exploration well is located in Erbil Province in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, on the outskirts of Erbil City near the dividing line between the Low Folded and High Folded Zones of the Zagros foldbelt. The well penetrated rocks which are between Miocene and Late Triassic in age. The depositional environment, source potential and maturity of organic‐rich intervals within the well succession were investigated using 38 cuttings samples. All samples were analysed for bulk geochemical parameters (i.e. total organic carbon, total carbon, sulphur, Rock‐Eval). A subset of 13 samples was selected for biomarker analysis, pyrolysis – gas chromatography and isotope investigations. In addition non‐commercial oil and oil impregnations were investigated for oil‐source correlations.Source rocks occur in the Jurassic Sargelu and Naokelekan Formations and the lowermost Cretaceous Chia Gara Formation. Analytical results suggest that these source rocks were deposited in a carbonate‐rich, anoxic environment in an intrashelf basin setting with free H2S in the water column. Oxygen‐depleted conditions were favoured by salinity stratification. The average preserved TOC contents of the 100 m thick Sargelu Formation and the 25 m thick Naokelekan Formation are 2.2% and 4.6%, respectively. The TOC content of the Chia Gara Formation decreases upwards and averages 3.2% within its lower 40 m. Very high sulphur contents suggest the presence of kerogen Type II‐S, and that all the formations have generated sulphur‐rich hydrocarbons at relatively low maturities.In contrast to the oil impregnations within Jurassic strata, the oil and the oil impregnations within Cretaceous rocks are heavily biodegraded. Oil biomarker and isotope data indicate generation from the above‐mentioned Jurassic and Cretaceous source rock formations. As a result, generation from Triassic and Paleogene rocks can be excluded or is of negligible significance.Numerical models show that hydrocarbon generation rates from the Sargelu, Naokelekan and Chia Gara Formations peaked firstly at about 55 Ma (Paleocene/Eocene) and then again at 5 Ma before present (late Miocene/Pliocene). The first peak resulted from increased Paleocene subsidence, and the second peak was related to deep late Miocene/Pliocene burial. Hydrocarbon generation ceased during Recent uplift, during which ∼2000 m of the Late Neogene succession was eroded.
Unemployment Insurance and Underemployment
Authors: Godøy Anna , Røed Knut 
Published: September 2015

AbstractShould unemployment insurance (UI) systems provide coverage for underemployed job seekers? Based on a statistical analysis of Norwegian unemployment spells, we conclude that the answer to this question is yes. Allowing insured job seekers to retain partial UI benefits during periods of insufficient part‐time work not only reduces UI expenditures during the part‐time work period, but it also unambiguously reduces the time until a regular self‐supporting job is found. Probable explanations are that even small temporary part‐time jobs provide access to useful vacancy information and that such jobs are used by employers as a screening device when hiring from the unemployment pool.
Magnetoencephalography study of the effect of attention modulation on somatosensory processing in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Kurita Sumie , Takei Yuichi , Maki Yohko , Hattori Suguru , Uehara Toru , Fukuda Masato , Mikuni Masahiko 
Published: September 2015

AimsAlthough affective and/or attention modulation of somatosensory processing has been well studied, the biological bases of somatic symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) have rarely been examined. To elucidate changes in somatosensory processing underlying somatic symptoms in patients with MDD, we conducted a magnetoencephalography study of patients with MDD and healthy controls.MethodsAfter median nerve stimulation, somatosensory evoked fields (SEF) were recorded in 10 patients with MDD and 10 sex‐, age‐, and height‐matched healthy volunteers under somatosensory attending, visually attending, and non‐attending conditions. The latencies and magnitudes of N20m and P60m SEF were examined.ResultsIn the MDD group, P60m latency was significantly prolonged, irrespective of attention modulation, whereas N20m latency and root mean squares N20m and P60m amplitudes remained unchanged. Prolonged P60m latency negatively correlated with the somatosensory threshold, which was relatively high in the MDD group. Prolonged P60m latency also negatively correlated with a state of anxiety during the examination, but not with depressive symptoms or psychotropic medication.ConclusionsThese results suggested that patients with MDD experience dysfunction in somatosensory information processing, approximately 60 ms after stimuli, irrespective of attentional conditions.
Linking larval nutrition to adult reproductive traits in the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis
Authors: Bonoan Rachael E. , Al‐Wathiqui Nooria , Lewis Sara 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThroughout an organism's lifetime, resources are strategically allocated to many different functions, including reproduction. Reproduction can be costly for both sexes; females produce nutrient‐rich eggs, whereas males of many species produce large and complex ejaculates. In capital breeding insects, nutrients are mainly acquired during the larval period, yet allocation decisions impact the reproductive fitness of adults. The present study examines the effect of larval dietary nitrogen on both male and female reproductive traits in the European corn borer moth Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner, whose adults do not feed and whose males transfer a large, nitrogen‐rich spermatophore. One day post‐eclosion, O. nubilalis adults reared on one of three different diets (3.0%, 1.6%, or 1.1% nitrogen) are mated and two experiments are undertaken: one to measure nitrogen and carbon content of male ejaculates, and the other to determine female fecundity and fertility. Although male larval diet does not alter the percentage nitrogen content of adult somatic tissue, males reared on the higher nitrogen diet (3.0%) produce spermatophores with increased nitrogen relative to somatic nitrogen. Furthermore, females raised on the 3.0% nitrogen diet receive spermatophores with lower carbon : nitrogen ratios and thus more nitrogen. Overall, females lay more eggs as their larval dietary nitrogen increases, although they lay fewer eggs when their mates are raised on the higher (3.0%) nitrogen diet. This suggests that O. nubilalis females may use male‐derived nitrogen not to supplement egg production, but rather for somatic maintenance. Overall, the present study furthers our understanding of how larval diet can affect adult fitness in Lepidoptera.
Temperature determines size and direction of effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen form on yield quantity and quality of Chinese cabbage
Authors: Reich M. , van den Meerakker A. N. , Parmar S. , Hawkesford M. J. , De Kok L. J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractRising atmospheric CO2 concentrations (e[CO2]) are presumed to have a significant impact on plant growth and yield and also on mineral nutrient composition, and therefore, on nutritional quality of crops and vegetables. To assess the relevance of these effects in future agroecosystems it is important to understand how e[CO2] interacts with other environmental factors. In the present study, we examined the interactive effects of e[CO2] with temperature and the form in which nitrogen is supplied (nitrate or ammonium nitrate) on growth, amino acid content and mineral nutrient composition of Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis Rupr.), a crop characterised by its high nutritional value and increasing relevance for human nutrition in many developing countries. Higher temperature, ammonium nitrate and e[CO2] had a positive impact on net photosynthesis and growth. A stimulating effect of e[CO2] on growth was only observed if the temperature was high (21/18 °C, day/night), and an interaction of e[CO2] with N form was only observed if the temperature was ambient (15/12 °C, day/night). Mineral nutrient composition was affected in a complex manner by all three factors and their interaction. These results demonstrate how much the effect of e[CO2] on mineral quality of crops depends on other environmental factors. Changes in temperature, adapting N fertilisation and the oxidation state of N have the potential to counteract the mineral depletion caused by e[CO2].
Childhood bruxism: Related factors and impact on oral health‐related quality of life
Authors: Antunes Lívia Azeredo Alves , Castilho Thuanny , Marinho Marcello , Fraga Renato Silva , Antunes Leonardo Santos 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to assess childhood bruxism relating associated factors and the bruxism's impact on oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). A case‐control study was performed with 3‐ to 6‐year‐old children obtained from public preschools in Brazil. The case and control groups had 21 and 40 children, respectively. Associations between bruxism and respiratory problems (p = 0.04, OR: 0.33, CI: 0.09 to 1.14), dental wear (p < 0.01, OR: 0.01, CI: 0.00 to 0.05), malocclusion (p < 0.01, OR: 0.06, CI: 0.01 to 0.35), and dental caries (p = 0.02, OR: 0.22, CI: 0.04 to 1.04) were observed. The OHRQoL overall mean score and subscales were relatively low independent of the evaluated group (p > 0.05). The association between presence and absence of impact with bruxism or other variables showed no statistical relationship (p > 0.05). It could be concluded that childhood bruxism is related to respiratory problems, dental wear, dental caries, and malocclusion. Despite being a topic that demands special care in dentistry, bruxism does not significantly affect the OHRQoL.
Leucoreduction helps to preserve activity of antioxidant barrier enzymes in stored red blood cell concentrates
Authors: Nędzi M. , Chabowska A. M. , Rogowska A. , Boczkowska‐Radziwon B. , Nędzi A. , Radziwon P. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundOxidoreductive imbalance is a major cause of excessive haemolysis inin vitroconditions. Leucocytes and blood platelets present in red blood cell concentrates (RBCs) are one of the sources of free radicals, which have a significant effect on the status of stored erythrocytes. The study objective was to assess the effect of leucoreduction on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant barrier enzymes inRBC.Study Design and MethodsRed blood cell concentrates units obtained from 10 whole‐blood units were split into two equal units, one of which was leucoreduced on the day of donation. Both units were stored for 35 days. The following markers of oxidoreductive balance were measured on day 0 (donation day) and on storage days 7, 14, 21 and 35: concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activities of antioxidant barrier components, that is superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase.ResultsLipid peroxidation in leucodepleted units (LRBC) was slower than that in non‐leucodepleted ones. The analysis ofLRBCrevealed statistically significant decrease in concentrations ofMDA. The activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were higher throughout the storage period as compared to non‐leucoreducedRBC. Statistically significant differences betweenRBCandLRBCunits were noted throughout the storage in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase, and concentrations of K+ions and free haemoglobin.ConclusionsLeucoreduction ofRBCbefore storage helps to preserve the activity of antioxidant barrier enzymes in storedRBCs and significantly improves the quality of stored red blood cell components.
Predicting Self-Reported Illness for Professional Team-Sport Athletes
Authors: Thornton Heidi R. , Delaney Jace A. , Duthie Grant M. , Scott Brendan R. , Chivers William J. , Sanctuary Colin E. , Dascombe Ben J. 
Published: September 2015

Purpose:To identify contributing factors to the incidence of illness for professional team-sport athletes, using training load (TL), self-reported illness, and well-being data.Methods:Thirty-two professional rugby league players (26.0 ± 4.8 y, 99.1 ± 9.6 kg, 1.84 ± 0.06 m) were recruited from the same club. Players participated in prescribed training and responded to a series of questionnaires to determine the presence of self-reported illness and markers of well-being. Internal TL was determined using the session rating of perceived exertion. These data were collected over 29 wk, across the preparatory and competition macrocycles.Results:The predictive models developed recognized increases in internal TL (strain values of >2282 AU, weekly TL >2786 AU, and monotony >0.78 AU) to best predict when athletes are at increased risk of self-reported illness. In addition, a reduction in overall well-being (<7.25 AU) in the presence of increased internal TL, as previously stated, was highlighted as a contributor to self-reported-illness occurrence.Conclusions:These results indicate that self-report data can be successfully used to provide a novel understanding of the interactions between competition-associated stressors experienced by professional team-sport athletes and their susceptibility to illness. This may help coaching staff more effectively monitor players during the season and potentially implement preventive measures to reduce the likelihood of illnesses occurring.
Bandgap analysis of cylindrical shells of generalized phononic crystals by transfer matrix method
Authors: Shu Hai-Sheng , Wang Xing-Guo , Liu Ru , Li Xiao-Gang , Shi Xiao-Na , Liang Shan-Jun , Xu Li-Huan , Dong Fu-Zhen 
Published: September 2015

Based on the concept of generalized phononic crystals (GPCs), a type of 1D cylindrical shell of generalized phononic crystals (CS-GPCs) where two kinds of homogeneous materials are arranged periodically along radial direction was proposed in this paper. On the basis of radial, torsional shear and axial shear vibrational equations of cylindrical shell, the total transfer matrix of mechanical state vector were set up respectively, and the bandgap phenomena of these three type waves were disclosed by using the method of transfer matrix eigenvalue of mechanical state vector instead of the previous localized factor analyses and Bloch theorem. The characteristics and forming mechanism of these bandgaps of CS-GPCs, together with the influences of several important structure and material parameters on them were investigated and discussed in detail. Our results showed that, similar to the plane wave bandgaps, 1D CS-GPCs can also possess radial, torsional shear and axial shear wave bandgaps within high frequency region that conforms to the Bragg scattering effect; moreover, the radial vibration of CS-GPCs can generate low frequency bandgap (the start frequency near 0 Hz), as a result of the double effects of wavefront expansion and Bragg scattering effect, wherein the wavefront effect can be the main factor and directly determine the existence of the low frequency bandgaps, while the Bragg scattering effect has obvious enhancement effect to the attenuation. Additionally, the geometrical and material parameters of units have significant influences on the wave bandgaps of CS-GPCs.
A parity map of framed chord diagrams
Authors: Ilyutko Denis Petrovich , Manturov Vassily Olegovich 
Published: September 2015

We consider framed chord diagrams, i.e. chord diagrams with chords of two types. It is well known that chord diagrams modulo [Formula: see text]T-relations admit a Hopf algebra structure, where the multiplication is given by any connected sum with respect to the orientation. But in the case of framed chord diagrams a natural way to define a multiplication is not known yet. In this paper, we first define a new module [Formula: see text] which is generated by chord diagrams on two circles and factored by [Formula: see text]T-relations. Then we construct a “parity” map from the module of framed chord diagrams into [Formula: see text] and a weight system on [Formula: see text]. Using the map and weight system we show that a connected sum for framed chord diagrams is not a well-defined operation. In the end of the paper we touch linear diagrams, the circle replaced by a directed line.