bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of Practice During the Interventional Management of Stroke III Trial and Implications for Ongoing Trials
Authors: Broderick Joseph P. , Palesch Yuko Y. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Yeatts Sharon D. , Khatri Pooja , Hill Michael D. , Jauch Edward C. , Jovin Tudor G. , Yan Bernard , von Kummer Rüdiger , Molina Carlos A. , Goyal Mayank , Mazighi Mikael , Schonewille Wouter J. , Engelter Stefan T. , Anderson Craig , Spilker Judith , Carrozzella Janice , Janis L. Scott , Foster Lydia D. , Tomsick Thomas A. 
Published: October 2014

Background and Purpose—
We explored changes in the patient population and practice of endovascular therapy during the course of the Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) III Trial.

Methods—
Changes in baseline characteristics, use of baseline CT angiography, treatment times and specifics, and outcomes were compared between the first 4 protocols and the fifth and final protocol.

Results—

Compared with subjects treated in the first 4 protocol versions (n=610), subjects treated in fifth and final protocol (n=46) were older (75 versus 68 years,
P
<0.0002) and less likely to have a pretreatment Rankin of 0 (76% versus 89%,
P
=0.01), were more likely to have a pretreatment CT angiography (65% versus 45%,
P
=0.009), had quicker median times in the endovascular arm from onset to start of intra-arterial therapy (209 versus 250 minutes,
P
=0.002) and to reperfusion (269 versus 344 minutes,
P
<0.0001), had a higher mean dose of total tissue-type plasminogen activator in the endovascular arm (74.0 versus 63.7 mg,
P
<0.0001), and were less likely to receive intra-arterial tissue-type plasminogen activator as part of the endovascular procedure (16% versus 44%,
P
=0.015). There were no significant differences in functional and safety outcomes between subjects treated in the 2 treatments arms in either the first 4 protocols or fifth protocol although the small sample size in the fifth protocol provided limited power.

Conclusions—
Endovascular technology and diagnostic approaches to acute stroke patients changed substantially during the IMS III Trial. Efforts to decrease the time to delivery of endovascular therapy were successful.
The Influence of Chronic Ozone Exposure on Global Carbon and Water Cycles
Authors: Lombardozzi D. , Levis Samuel , Bonan G. , Hess P. G. , Sparks J. P. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a phytotoxic greenhouse gas that has increased more than threefold at Earth’s surface from preindustrial values. In addition to directly increasing radiative forcing as a greenhouse gas, O3 indirectly impacts climate through altering the plant processes of photosynthesis and transpiration. While global estimates of gross primary productivity (GPP) have incorporated the effects of O3, few studies have explicitly determined the independent effects of O3 on transpiration. In this study, the authors include effects of O3 on photosynthesis and stomatal conductance from a recent literature review to determine the impact on GPP and transpiration and highlight uncertainty in modeling plant responses to O3. Using the Community Land Model, the authors estimate that present-day O3 exposure reduces GPP and transpiration globally by 8%–12% and 2%–2.4%, respectively. The largest reductions were in midlatitudes, with GPP decreasing up to 20% in the eastern United States, Europe, and Southeast Asia and transpiration reductions of up to 15% in the same regions. Larger reductions in GPP compared to transpiration decreased water-use efficiency 5%–10% in the eastern United States, Southeast Asia, Europe, and central Africa; increased surface runoff more than 15% in eastern North America; and altered patterns of energy fluxes in the tropics, high latitudes, and eastern North America. Future climate predictions will be improved if plant responses to O3 are incorporated into models such that stomatal conductance is modified independently of photosynthesis and the effects on transpiration are explicitly considered in surface energy budgets. Improvements will help inform regional decisions for managing changes in hydrology and surface temperatures in response to O3 pollution.
Mean Structure and Diurnal Cycle of Southeast Atlantic Boundary Layer Clouds: Insights from Satellite Observations and Multiscale Modeling Framework Simulations
Authors: Painemal David , Xu Kuan-Man , Cheng Anning , Minnis Patrick , Palikonda Rabindra 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The mean structure and diurnal cycle of southeast (SE) Atlantic boundary layer clouds are described with satellite observations and multiscale modeling framework (MMF) simulations during austral spring (September–November). Hourly resolution cloud fraction (CF) and cloud-top height (HT) are retrieved from Meteosat-9 radiances using modified Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) algorithms, whereas liquid water path (LWP) is from the University of Wisconsin microwave satellite climatology. The MMF simulations use a 2D cloud-resolving model (CRM) that contains an advanced third-order turbulence closure to explicitly simulate cloud physical processes in every grid column of a general circulation model. The model accurately reproduces the marine stratocumulus spatial extent and cloud cover. The mean cloud cover spatial variability in the model is primarily explained by the boundary layer decoupling strength, whereas a boundary layer shoaling accounts for a coastal decrease in CF. Moreover, the core of the stratocumulus cloud deck is concomitant with the location of the strongest temperature inversion. Although the model reproduces the observed westward boundary layer deepening and the spatial variability of LWP, it overestimates LWP by 50%. Diurnal cycles of HT, CF, and LWP from satellites and the model have the same phase, with maxima during the early morning and minima near 1500 local solar time, which suggests that the diurnal cycle is driven primarily by solar heating. Comparisons with the SE Pacific cloud deck indicate that the observed amplitude of the diurnal cycle is modest over the SE Atlantic, with a shallower boundary layer as well. The model qualitatively reproduces these interregime differences.
Evaluating the implementation of an emotional wellbeing programme for primary school children using participatory approaches
Authors: Clarke Aleisha M , Sixsmith Jane , Barry Margaret M 
Published: October 2014

Objective: This paper reports on the use of child participatory approaches to evaluate the implementation and impact of the Zippy’s Friends emotional wellbeing programme on children in disadvantaged primary schools in Ireland. Design:  As part of the overall evaluation study, which comprised a clustered randomised controlled trial, qualitative participatory approaches were utilised to explore children’s experiences of the Zippy’s Friends programme. Setting: From the overall sample of 44 primary schools ( N = 717 pupils) that participated in the evaluation study, a subsample of 9 classes ( n = 161 children) from the intervention and control groups was randomly selected to take part in child participatory workshops at pre-intervention, interim and post-intervention. Method: A semi-structured child participatory workshop consisting of three activities, including draw and write technique, feelings activity and group brainstorming, was used to explore the children’s experiences of the programme and its impact on their coping strategies and emotional literacy skills. Results: The results from the draw and write activity provided evidence of the positive impact of the programme on children’s use of problem-solving and support-seeking strategies in coping with certain problem situations. Findings from the participatory workshop also helped provide insight into how the programme impacted on children’s emotional literacy skills. Children in the intervention group had a broader range of vocabulary and understanding in relation to emotions concerning problem situations. In addition, children identified factors that, from their perspective, supported their engagement with the programme, including the use of narrative through story and the activity-based nature of the programme. Conclusion: The use of participatory approaches generated data that enriched our understanding of how children experienced and benefited from the programme from their own perspective, thereby providing insights that were untapped by other research methods in this study.
The effects of ear acupressure, massage therapy and no therapy on symptoms of dementia: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rodríguez-Mansilla Juan , González López-Arza María Victoria , Varela-Donoso Enrique , Montanero-Fernández Jesús , González Sánchez Blanca , Garrido-Ardila Elisa María 
Published: October 2014

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of ear acupressure and massage vs. control in the improvement of pain, anxiety and depression in persons diagnosed with dementia. Design: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Setting: Residential homes in Extremadura (Spain). Subjects: A total of 120 elders with dementia institutionalized in residential homes. Intervention: The participants were randomly allocated, in three groups. Control group – they continued with their routine activities; ear acupressure intervention group – they received ear acupressure treatment (pressure was applied to acupressure points on the ear); and massage therapy intervention group – they received relaxing massage therapy. Main measures: The variables pain, anxiety and depression were assessed with the Doloplus2, Cornell and Campbell scales. The study was carried out during five months; three months of experimental treatment and two months with no treatment. The assessments were done at baseline, each month during the treatment and at one and two months of follow-up. In the statistical analysis the three groups were compared with each other. Results: A total of 111 participants completed the study. Their aged ranged from 67 to 91 years old and 86 of them (77.4%) were women. The ear acupressure intervention group showed better improvements than the massage therapy intervention group in relation to pain and depression during the treatment period and at one month of follow-up. The best improvement in pain was achieved in the last (3rd) month of ear acupressure treatment ( p  < 0.001) being the average improvement 8.55 (4.39) with IC 95% (7.14, 9.95). Regarding anxiety, the best results were also observed in the last month of treatment. The average improvement in anxiety was 9.63 (5.00) with IC 95% (8.02, 11.23) Conclusions: Ear acupressure and massage therapy showed better results than the control group in relation to pain, anxiety and depression. However, ear acupressure achieved more improvements.
Cognitive dysfunction during migraine attacks: A study on migraine without aura
Authors: Gil-Gouveia Raquel , Oliveira António G , Martins Isabel Pavão 
Published: October 2014

Background Cognitive difficulties contribute to patients’ disability during migraine attacks and have been overlooked in migraine research. Neuropsychological studies performed during attacks have produced inconsistent findings due to design differences and limitations. Objective Our objective is to document changes in cognitive performance of migraine patients during migraine attacks with a comprehensive battery of cognitive/behavioral tests, while controlling for potential confounders. Method A prospective two-period, randomized, cross-over study compared within-subject neuropsychological evaluation in two conditions—during a naturally occurring untreated migraine attack and a headache-free period. Results Thirty-nine patients with episodic migraine (37 females, average 38 years old) were included and 24 completed the study. Participants performed worse during the attack in the majority of cognitive tests, compared to the headache-free status, and significantly so in word reading speed ( p = 0.013), verbal learning ( p = 0.01), short-term verbal recall with ( p = 0.01) and without ( p = 0.013) semantic cueing and delayed recall with ( p = 0.003) and without ( p = 0.05) semantic cues. Differences found were unrelated to age, gender, literacy, condition order, interval between evaluations, anxiety, pain intensity or duration of the attack. Discussion Cognitive performance decreases during migraine attacks, especially in reading and processing speed, verbal memory and learning, supporting patients’ subjective complaints. These findings suggest the existence of a reversible brain dysfunction during attacks of migraine without aura, which can relate specifically to migraine or be a consequence of acute pain processing by the brain.
All-Inside, Physeal-Sparing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Does Not Significantly Compromise the Physis in Skeletally Immature Athletes
Authors: Nawabi Danyal H. , Jones Kristofer J. , Lurie Brett , Potter Hollis G. , Green Daniel W. , Cordasco Frank A. 
Published: October 2014

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in skeletally immature patients can result in growth disturbance due to iatrogenic physeal injury. Multiple physeal-sparing ACL reconstruction techniques have been described; however, few combine the benefits of anatomic reconstruction using sockets without violation of the femoral or tibial physis. Purpose: To utilize physeal-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to quantify the zone of physeal injury after all-inside ACL reconstruction in skeletally immature athletes. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Twenty-three skeletally immature patients (mean chronologic age 12.6 years; range, 10-15 years) were prospectively evaluated after all-inside ACL reconstruction. The mean bone age was 13.2 years. There were 8 females and 15 males. Fifteen patients underwent an all-epiphyseal (AE) ACL reconstruction and 8 patients had a partial transphyseal (PTP) ACL reconstruction, which spared the femoral physis but crossed the tibial physis. At 6 and 12 months postoperatively, MRI using 3-dimensional fat-suppressed spoiled gradient recalled echo sequences and full-length standing radiographs were performed to assess graft survival, growth arrest, physeal violation, angular deformity, and leg length discrepancy. Results: The mean follow-up for this cohort was 18.5 months (range, 12-39 months). Minimal tibial physeal violation was seen in 10 of 15 patients in the AE group and, by definition, all patients in the PTP group. The mean area of tibial physeal disturbance (±SD) was 57.8 ± 52.2 mm2 (mean 2.1% of total physeal area) in the AE group compared with 145.1 ± 100.6 mm2 (mean 5.4% of total physeal area) in the PTP group ( P = .003). Minimal compromise of the femoral physis (1.5%) was observed in 1 case in the PTP group and no cases in the AE group. No cases of growth arrest, articular surface violation, or avascular necrosis were noted on MRI. No postoperative angular deformities or significant leg length discrepancies were observed. Conclusion: The study data suggest that all-inside ACL reconstruction is a safe technique for skeletally immature athletes at short-term follow-up. Physeal-specific MRI reveals minimal growth plate compromise that is significantly lower than published thresholds for growth arrest.
Reported contraceptive use, risk behaviours and STIs among military conscripts in Estonian defence forces
Authors: David Parker R , Regier Michael D , Widmeyer Joseph , Honaker John , Rüütel Kristi 
Published: October 2014

Limited research exists on sexually transmitted infection (STI) and risk behaviour among military personnel. Published research on condom use and types of contraceptives used yield mixed results, yet, the perception that military members are at higher risk for STIs remains. The objectives of this cross-sectional study were to measure factors such as condom use, contraceptive methods, and risky behaviours (i.e. drug use and sex with commercial sex workers) and investigate differences between ethnic groups, where culture could influence behaviour. Data were collected from a recruited population of 584 male, military conscripts in northeastern Europe. Using multinomial logistic regression models, statistically significant findings include an interaction between the use of contraceptive methods of Russians with casual partners and ethnicity, with higher odds of effective methods used among Estonians with regular partners (OR = 8.13) or casual partners (OR = 11.58) and Russians with regular partners (OR = 4.98). Effective contraceptive methods used less frequently with casual partners by ethnic Russians is important in providing education and risk reduction services to young, male conscripts. These findings may be used as a baseline to inform health education and STI prevention programmes tailored to military members in Eastern Europe in the absence of other published studies.
Scope for energy improvement for hospital imaging services in the USA
Authors: Esmaeili Amin , Twomey Janet M , Overcash Michael R , Soltani Seyed A , McGuire Charles , Ali Kamran 
Published: October 2014

Objective To aid radiologists by measuring the carbon footprint of CT scans by quantifying in-hospital and out-of-hospital energy use and to assess public health impacts. Method The study followed a standard life cycle assessment protocol to measure energy from a CT scan then expanding to all hospital electrical energy related to CT usage. In addition, all the fuel energy used to generate electricity and to manufacture the CT consumables was measured. The study was conducted at two hospitals. Results The entire life cycle energy for a CT scan was 24–34 kWh of natural resource energy per scan. The actual active patient scan energy that produces the images is only about 1.6% of this total life cycle energy. This large multiplier to get total CT energy is a previously undocumented environmental response to the direct radiology order for a patient CT scan. The CT in-hospital energy related to idle periods, where the machine is on but no patients are being scanned and is 14–30-fold higher than the energy used for the CT image. The in-hospital electrical energy of a CT scan makes up only about 25% of the total energy footprint. The rest is generated outside the hospital: 54–62% for generation and transmission of the electricity, while 13–22% is for all the energy to make the consumables. Different CT scanners have some influences on the results and could help guide purchase of CT equipment. Conclusions The transparent, detailed life cycle approach allows the data from this study to be used by radiologists to examine details of both direct and of unseen energy impacts of CT scans. The public health (outside-the-hospital) impact (including the patients receiving a CT) needs to be measured and included.
Interleukin-5–producing group 2 innate lymphoid cells control eosinophilia induced by interleukin-2 therapy
Authors: Van Gool Frédéric , Molofsky Ari B. , Morar Malika M. , Rosenzwajg Michelle , Liang Hong-Erh , Klatzmann David , Locksley Richard M. , Bluestone Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2014

Key Points
Tissue resident group 2 innate lymphoid cells are the main cells producing IL-5 and driving eosinophilia in response to low-dose IL-2 therapy. We described a novel cellular network activated during IL-2 treatment that may lead to a more efficient use of IL-2 in immunotherapy.
HLA-C expression levels define permissible mismatches in hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Petersdorf Effie W. , Gooley Theodore A. , Malkki Mari , Bacigalupo Andrea P. , Cesbron Anne , Du Toit Ernette , Ehninger Gerhard , Egeland Torstein , Fischer Gottfried F. , Gervais Thibaut , Haagenson Michael D. , Horowitz Mary M. , Hsu Katharine , Jindra Pavel , Madrigal Alejandro , Oudshoorn Machteld , Ringdén Olle , Schroeder Marlis L. , Spellman Stephen R. , Tiercy Jean-Marie , Velardi Andrea , Witt Campbell S. , O’Huigin Colm , Apps Richard , Carrington Mary 
Published: October 2014

Key PointsThe expression level of patient HLA-C allotypes affects GVHD and mortality after HCT from HLA-C-mismatched unrelated donors. Transplant outcome can be improved by avoiding high-risk HLA-C-mismatched donors when no matched stem cell source is available.
Function of monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages in α1-antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: van’t Wout Emily F.A. , van Schadewijk Annemarie , Lomas David A. , Stolk Jan , Marciniak Stefan J. , Hiemstra Pieter S. 
Published: October 2014

α1-antitrypsin deficiency is the most widely recognised genetic disorder causing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Mutant Z α1-antitrypsin expression has previously been linked to intracellular accumulation and polymerisation of this proteinase inhibitor. Subsequently, this has been described to underlie an exaggerated endoplasmic reticulum stress response and enhanced nuclear factor-κB signalling. However, whether monocyte-derived macrophages display the same features remains unknown.Monocytes from homozygous PiZZ α1-antitrypsin deficiency patients and PiMM controls were cultured for 6 days in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage or macrophage colony-stimulating factor to obtain pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages (mφ-1 and mφ-2, respectively).We first showed that, in contrast to monocytes, pre-stressed mφ-1 and mφ-2 from healthy blood donors display an enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress response upon a lipopolysaccharide trigger (XBP1splicing,CHOP,GADD34andGRP78mRNA). However, this endoplasmic reticulum stress response did not differ between monocyte-derived macrophages and monocytes from ZZ patients compared to MM controls. Furthermore, these ZZ cells do not secrete higher cytokine levels, and α1-antitrypsin polymers were not detectable by ELISA.These data suggest that monocyte-derived macrophages are not the local source of Z α1-antitrypsin polymers found in the lung and that endoplasmic reticulum stress and pro-inflammatory cytokine release is not altered.
Prostaglandin D2and the role of the DP1, DP2and TP receptors in the control of airway reflex events
Authors: Maher Sarah A. , Birrell Mark A. , Adcock John J. , Wortley Michael A. , Dubuis Eric D. , Bonvini Sara J. , Grace Megan S. , Belvisi Maria G. 
Published: October 2014

Prostaglandin D2(PGD2) causes cough and levels are increased in asthma suggesting that it may contribute to symptoms. Although the prostaglandin D2receptor 2 (DP2) is a target for numerous drug discovery programmes little is known about the actions of PGD2on sensory nerves and cough.We used human and guinea pig bioassays,in vivoelectrophysiology and a guinea pig conscious cough model to assess the effect of prostaglandin D2receptor (DP1), DP2and thromboxane receptor antagonism on PGD2responses.PGD2caused cough in a conscious guinea pig model and an increase in calcium in airway jugular ganglia. Using pharmacology and receptor-deficient mice we showed that the DP1receptor mediates sensory nerve activation in mouse, guinea pig and human vagal afferents.In vivo, PGD2and a DP1receptor agonist, but not a DP2receptor agonist, activated single airway C-fibres. Interestingly, activation of DP2inhibited sensory nerve firing to capsaicinin vitroandin vivo.The DP1receptor could be a therapeutic target for symptoms associated with asthma. Where endogenous PGD2levels are elevated, loss of DP2receptor-mediated inhibition of sensory nerves may lead to an increase in vagally associated symptoms and the potential for such adverse effects should be investigated in clinical studies with DP2antagonists.