bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to improve succinic acid production based on metabolic profiling
Authors: Ito Yuma , Hirasawa Takashi , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We performed metabolic engineering on the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for enhanced production of succinic acid. Aerobic succinic acid production in S. cerevisiae was achieved by disrupting the SDH1 and SDH2 genes, which encode the catalytic subunits of succinic acid dehydrogenase. Increased succinic acid production was achieved by eliminating the ethanol biosynthesis pathways. Metabolic profiling analysis revealed that succinic acid accumulated intracellularly following disruption of the SDH1 and SDH2 genes, which suggests that enhancing the export of intracellular succinic acid outside of cells increases succinic acid production in S. cerevisiae. The mae1 gene encoding the Schizosaccharomyces pombe malic acid transporter was introduced into S. cerevisiae, and as a result, succinic acid production was successfully improved. Metabolic profiling analysis is useful in producing chemicals for metabolic engineering of microorganisms.
Effects of various emulsification methods on the oxidation of methyl linoleate
Authors: Ma Tiezheng , Kobayashi Takashi , Adachi Shuji 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The effects of mechanical stress during emulsification on the oxidation of methyl linoleate were investigated by four methods (high-pressure homogenization, high-speed stirring, ultrasonic homogenization, and membrane emulsification). The oxidation rates and induction periods were almost constant, regardless of the emulsification method, except for membrane emulsification, by which the induction period was prolonged when a cellulose acetate membrane was used.
Anti-proliferative activity of 6-O-acyl-d-allose against the human leukemia MOLT-4F cell line
Authors: Yanagita Ryo C , Kobashi Katsuya , Ogawa Chisa , Ashida Yoshiki , Yamaashi Haruka , Kawanami Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The anti-proliferative activities of the 6-O-acyl derivatives of d-allose against the human leukemia MOLT-4F cell line were examined. The activity of the 6-O-dodecanoyl derivative (3) was approximately 30 times stronger than that of d-allose. An evaluation of the derivatives of 3 that occurred in a furanose form revealed the pyranose forms of 3 to be important for the anti-proliferative activity.
Prognostic Significance of Standardized Uptake Value of Lymph Nodes on Survival for Stage III Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Definitive Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Lee Victor H.F. , Chan Wendy W.L. , Lee Elaine Y.P. , Choy Tim-Shing , Ho Patty P.Y. , Leung Dennis K.C. , Lam Ka-On , Kwong Dora L.W. , Leung To-Wai , Khong Pek-Lan 
Published: April 2014

Objectives:
Definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for stage III non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previous studies showed that the tumor size and its metabolic activity are predictors of treatment outcome. We investigated whether there are new metabolic prognostic factors of survival for stage III NSCLC after definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 57 consecutive patients treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy for their stage IIIA (n=22) and stage IIIB (n=35) (AJCC 7th edition) unresectable NSCLC were identified. A total of 43 (75.4%) patients had positron emission tomography with integrated computed tomography (PET-CT) scan performed at diagnosis that were subsequently reviewed and analyzed. Prognosticators of progression-free survival (PFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.

Results:
The median PFS, DMFS, and OS were 14.1, 12.6, and 37.8 months, respectively, after a median follow-up of 41.5 months. PFS advantage was demonstrated in stage IIIA versus stage IIIB (median 38.6 vs. 13.5 mo, P=0.020), N-stage N0-N2 versus N3 (median 16.7 vs. 8.1 mo, P<0.001), planning target volume (PTV) <500 versus ≥500 cm3 (median 23.6 vs. 11.3 mo, P=0.008), and the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) nodes <8 versus ≥8 (median 16.1 vs. 10.7 mo, P=0.048). DMFS advantage was noted in those with PTV<500 versus PTV≥500 cm3 (median 13.0 vs. 11.3 mo, P=0.045) and SUVmax nodes <8 versus ≥8 (median 13.5 vs. 8.0 mo, P=0.050). OS advantage was revealed in stage IIIA versus stage IIIB (median 56.5 vs. 22.7 mo, P=0.013) and SUVmax nodes <8 versus ≥8 (42.3 vs. 12.8 mo, P=0.009). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that SUVmax nodes <8 was the only prognostic factor of PFS, DMFS, and OS. Metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis were not prognostic factors.

Conclusions:
SUVmax nodes <8 was the only prognostic factor of PFS, DMFS, and OS in our study. PET-CT scan at the time of diagnosis is useful in stratifying patients into favorable and unfavorable groups in stage III NSCLC treated with definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
Spatial distribution analyses of natural phyllosphere‐colonizing bacteria on Arabidopsis thaliana revealed by fluorescence in situ hybridization
Authors: Remus‐Emsermann Mitja N. P. , Lücker Sebastian , Müller Daniel B. , Potthoff Eva , Daims Holger , Vorholt Julia A. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBacterial colonizers of the aerial parts of plants, or phyllosphere, have been identified on a number of different plants using cultivation‐dependent and independent methods. However, the spatial distribution at the micrometer scale of different main phylogenetic lineages is not well documented and mostly based on fluorescence‐tagged model strains. In this study, we developed and applied a spatial explicit approach that allowed the use of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to study bacterial phylloplane communities of environmentally grown Arabidopsis thaliana. We found on average 5.4 × 106 bacteria cm−2 leaf surface and 1.5 × 108 bacteria g−1 fresh weight. Furthermore, we found that the total biomass in the phylloplane was normally distributed. About 31% of the bacteria found in the phylloplane did not hybridize to FISH probes but exhibited infrared autofluorescence indicative for aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs. Four sets of FISH probes targeting Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were sufficient to identify all other major contributors of the phylloplane community based on general bacterial probing. Spatial aggregation patterns were observed for all probe‐targeted populations at distances up to 7 μm, with stronger tendencies to co‐aggregate for members of the same phylogenetic group. Our findings contribute to a bottom‐up description of leaf surface community composition.
Phytochrome controls conidiation in response to red/far‐red light and daylight length and regulates multistress tolerance in Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Qiu Lei , Wang Juan‐Juan , Chu Zhen‐Jian , Ying Sheng‐Hua , Feng Ming‐Guang 
Published: April 2014

SummaryPhytochromes (Phy) in filamentous fungi are Group VIII histidine kinases that share a unique N‐terminal photosensory core, but their functions are largely unknown. Here we show that Beauveria bassiana Phy (Bbphy) is functionally vital for growth, conidiation and multistress tolerance of the fungal entomopathogen lacking sexual stage. Colony growth of ΔBbphy was significantly slower in a nutrition‐rich medium but faster in several minimal media. Conidial yield of ΔBbphy in the rich medium increased at the fitted rate of 3.4 × 107 conidia h−1 white light in the light/dark cycles of 0:24 to 16:8 h, decreased greatly in the short‐, long‐ and full‐day cycles of red/far‐red light, but was unaffected under full‐day blue light. Moreover, ΔBbphy showed higher osmosensitivity, increased antioxidant capability, and decreased conidial thermotolerance and UV‐B resistance, accompanied with downregulation of Hog1 phosphorylation and of four Hog1‐related genes under osmotic stress, and upregulation of five superoxide dismutases and four catalases under oxidative stress. All the changes were restored by the gene complementation. Taken together, Bbphy controls conidiation by responding to daylight length and red/far‐red light and regulates multistress responses perhaps because of an involvement in Hog1 pathway. Our findings highlight diverse functions of Bbphy in B. bassiana.
‘The Cliffs are not Cliffs’: The Cliffs ofDover and National Identities inBritain,c.1750–c.1950
Authors: Readman Paul 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between landscape andBritish national identities by means of a case study of the white cliffs ofDover inKent,England. The cliffs were important symbols of island‐nationhood across the modern period, and demonstrate that even in the age of empireBritish as well asEnglish national identities could be conceptualized in distinctly insular ways. In particular, the cliffs were seen to be associated with the national homeland, its heritage and historical continuity over hundreds of years, as well as with national defence and a defiant self‐asserted separateness from the rest ofEurope. The article has implications for the (still relatively neglected) role played by specific landscapes in the construction of national identities, not just inBritain but generally. In functioning as markers of national difference the physical distinctiveness of these landscapes was important, but their associational value mattered more.
Pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine combined with therapeutic hypothermia in a piglet asphyxia model
Authors: EZZATI M. , BROAD K. , KAWANO G. , FAULKNER S. , HASSELL J. , FLEISS B. , GRESSENS P. , FIERENS I. , ROSTAMI J. , MAZE M. , SLEIGH J. W. , ANDERSON B. , SANDERS R. D. , ROBERTSON N. J. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundThe highly selective α2‐adrenoreceptor agonist, dexmedetomidine, exerts neuroprotective, analgesic, anti‐inflammatory and sympatholytic properties that may be beneficial for perinatal asphyxia. The optimal safe dose for pre‐clinical newborn neuroprotection studies is unknown.MethodsFollowing cerebral hypoxia‐ischaemia, dexmedetomidine was administered to nine newborn piglets in a de‐escalation dose study in combination with hypothermia (whole body cooling to 33.5°C). Dexmedetomidine was administered with a loading dose of 1 μg/kg and maintenance infusion at doses from 10 to 0.6 μg/kg/h. One additional piglet was not subjected to hypoxia‐ischaemia. Blood for pharmacokinetic analysis was sampled pre‐insult and frequently post‐insult. A one‐compartment linear disposition model was used to fit data. Population parameter estimates were obtained using non‐linear mixed effects modelling.ResultsAll dexmedetomidine infusion regimens led to plasma concentrations above those associated with sedation in neonates and children (0.4–0.8 μg/l). Seven out of the nine piglets with hypoxia‐ischaemia experienced periods of bradycardia, hypotension, hypertension and cardiac arrest; all haemodynamic adverse events occurred in piglets with plasma concentrations greater than 1 μg/l. Dexmedetomidine clearance was 0.126 l/kg/h [coefficient of variation (CV) 46.6.%] and volume of distribution was 3.37 l/kg (CV 191%). Dexmedetomidine clearance was reduced by 32.7% at a temperature of 33.5°C. Dexmedetomidine clearance was reduced by 55.8% following hypoxia‐ischaemia.ConclusionsDexmedetomidine clearance was reduced almost tenfold compared with adult values in the newborn piglet following hypoxic‐ischaemic brain injury and subsequent therapeutic hypothermia. Reduced clearance was related to cumulative effects of both hypothermia and exposure to hypoxia. High plasma levels of dexmedetomidine were associated with major cardiovascular complications.
Essential role for the TRF2 telomere protein in adult skin homeostasis
Authors: Martínez Paula , Ferrara‐Romeo Iole , Flores Juana M. , Blasco Maria A. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryTRF2 is a component of shelterin, the protein complex that protects the ends of mammalian chromosomes. TRF2 is essential for telomere capping owing to its roles in suppressing an ATM‐dependent DNA damage response (DDR) at chromosome ends and inhibiting end‐to‐end chromosome fusions. Mice deficient for TRF2 are early embryonic lethal. However, the role of TRF2 in later stages of development and in the adult organism remains largely unaddressed, with the exception of liver, where TRF2 was found to be dispensable for maintaining tissue function. Here, we study the impact of TRF2 conditional deletion in stratified epithelia by generating the TRF2∆/∆‐K5‐Cre mouse model, which targets TRF2 deletion to the skin from embryonic day E11.5. In marked contrast to TRF2 deletion in the liver, TRF2∆/∆‐K5‐Cre mice show lethality in utero reaching 100% lethality perinataly. At the molecular and cellular level, TRF2 deletion provokes induction of an acute DDR at telomeres, leading to activation of p53 signaling pathways and to programed cell death since the time of Cre expression at E11.5. Unexpectedly, neither inhibition of the NHEJ pathway by abrogation of 53BP1 nor inhibition of DDR by p53 deficiency rescued these severe phenotypes. Instead, TRF2 deletion provokes an extensive epidermal cell death accompanied by severe inflammation already at E16.5 embryos, which are independent of p53. These results are in contrast with conditional deletion of TRF1 and TPP1 in the skin, where p53 deficiency rescued the associated skin phenotypes, highlighting the comparatively more essential role of TRF2 in skin homeostasis.
Crematogaster chiarinii ants as a potential biological control agent for protecting honeybee colonies from attack by Dorylus quadratus driver ants in Ethiopia (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Adgaba Nuru , Shenkute Awraris G. , Al‐Ghamdi Ahmed A. , Assefa Amenay , Ansari Mohammad J. , Taylor Brian , Radloff Sarah 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Driver ants of the genus Dorylus are well known across tropical Africa for their aggressive foraging swarms. Although these swarms have beneficial effects in clearing out invertebrate pests; they destroy thousands of honeybee colonies and, accordingly, cause significant economic losses.
Fear of driver ant attack leads most beekeepers in tropical Africa to hang their beehives high up on trees, making proper bee management difficult and limiting the involvement of women and the elderly.
In Ethiopia, forest beekeepers have recognized that beehives hung on trees containing nests of an arboreal ant Crematogaster chiarinii Emery 1881 remain safe from invasion by swarms of a driver ant Dorylus quadratus Santschi 1914. In the present study, we report investigations into the mode and efficacy of the C. chiarinii defence system, as well as the potential for increasing its populations and enhancing this biological protection.
Against Anonymity
Authors: Baker Robert 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn ‘New Threats to Academic Freedom’ Francesca Minerva argues that anonymity for the authors of controversial articles is a prerequisite for academic freedom in the Internet age. This argument draws its intellectual and emotional power from the author's account of the reaction to the on‐line publication of ‘ After‐birth abortion: why should the baby live?’ – an article that provoked cascades of hostile postings and e‐mails. Reflecting on these events, Minerva proposes that publishers should offer the authors of controversial articles the option of publishing their articles anonymously. This response reviews the history of anonymous publication and concludes that its reintroduction in the Internet era would recreate problems similar to those that led print journals to abandon the practice: corruption of scholarly discourse by invective and hate speech, masked conflicts of interest, and a diminution of editorial accountability. It also contends that Minerva misreads the intent of the hostile e‐mails provoked by ‘After‐birth abortion,’ and that ethicists who publish controversial articles should take responsibility by dialoguing with their critics – even those whose critiques are emotionally charged and hostile.
EPH receptor/ephrin system: in the quest for novel anti‐angiogenic therapies: Commentary on Hassan‐Mohamed et al., Br J Pharmacol 171: 5195–5208
Authors: Hatziapostolou M , Polytarchou C 
Published: April 2014

Linked ArticleThis article is a Commentary on Hassan‐Mohamed I, Giorgio C, Incerti M, Russo S, Pala D, Pasquale EB, Zanotti I, Vicini P, Barocelli E, Rivara S, Mor M, Lodola A and Tognolini M (2014). UniPR129 is a competitive small molecule Eph‐ephrin antagonist blocking in vitro angiogenesis at low micromolar concentrations. Br J Pharmacol 171: 5195–5208. doi: 10.1111/bph.12669
Cultural Schemas for Racial Identity in Canadian Television Advertising
Authors: Baumann Shyon , Ho Loretta 
Published: April 2014

Quelles significations sont rattachées à la race dans la publicité? Nous analysons un échantillon de publicités télévisées canadiennes aux heures de grande écoute dans le but d'identifier des schémas culturels associés à ce que cela signifie d’être blanc, noir ou d’Asie de l’Est ou du Sud‐Est. Notre analyse empirique porte sur la publicité alimentaire et pour restaurants. Par l'entremise d'une analyse quantitative de contenu portant sur les liens entre la race et les sous‐types d'aliments, nous démontrons des différences systématiques dans les types d'aliments associés aux différents groupes étudiés. Au moyen d'une analyse qualitative, nous éclairons ces modèles quantitatifs et présentons six schémas culturels de l'identité raciale. Ces schémas appréhendent à la fois la diversité et le privilège associés aux représentations des personnes de race blanche, et des contrastes frappants par rapport au statut et à l’émotivité parmi les représentations plus limitées des deux autres groupes.What meanings are attached to race in advertising? We analyze a sample of prime‐time Canadian television advertising to identify cultural schemas for what it means to be White, Black, and East/Southeast Asian. Our empirical focus is on food and dining advertising. Through quantitative content analysis of associations between race and food subtypes, we show that there are systematic differences in the types of foods that groups are associated with. Through a qualitative content analysis of the commercials, we illuminate these quantitative patterns and discuss six cultural schemas for racial identity. The schemas allow for both diversity and privilege in the representation of Whites, and poignant contrasts regarding status and emotionality in the narrow representations of the other two groups.
Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): an updated review of the essential facts
Authors: Tarver J. , Daley D. , Sayal K. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAttention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a complex disorder that can affect individuals across the lifespan. It is associated with substantial heterogeneity in terms of aetiology, clinical presentation and treatment outcome and is the subject of extensive research. Because of this, it can be difficult for clinicians to stay up to date with the most relevant findings and know how best to respond to parents' questions and concerns about the disorder and interventions. This is a narrative review that aims to summarize key findings from recent research into ADHD and its treatment that clinicians can share with families in order to increase their knowledge about ADHD and intervention options. ADHD develops as a result of complex interplay between interdependent genetic and non‐genetic factors. The disorder is associated with substantial impairments in functioning and poor long‐term outcomes. Pharmacological and non‐pharmacological treatment options are available for symptom management and to improve function, but functioning outcomes often fail to normalize in children with ADHD. Despite extensive advances in understanding this complex disorder, it is clear that there is still a long way to go. In particular, we address the need for future non‐pharmacological interventions to be more specifically targeted for ADHD symptoms and its commonly associated functioning deficits in order to ensure the best long‐term outcomes for children with ADHD.
Luminance and colour variant pupil perimetry in glaucoma
Authors: Carle Corinne F , James Andrew C , Kolic Maria , Essex Rohan W , Maddess Ted 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the diagnostic utility for glaucoma of multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry stimuli targeting different components of the pupillary response: cortically derived colour responses and subcortical luminance responses.DesignObservational cross‐sectional study undertaken at the Australian National University.ParticipantsThirty‐five eyes of 24 glaucoma subjects and 46 eyes of 23 normal subjects.MethodsSubjects were tested with three multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry stimulus variants. The luminance‐only variant (YYbal) utilized yellow stimuli on a yellow background; mixed colour and luminance protocols utilized green stimuli on a red background (RGbal, RG). Stimuli of 33 ms duration were presented at mean intervals of 4 s/region.Main Outcome MeasuresPupil constriction amplitude and time to peak. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was the main measure of sensitivity and specificity for glaucoma.ResultsColour and luminance protocols were more accurate at differentiating glaucoma subjects from normal subjects than the luminance‐only protocol, and produced the largest reductions in amplitudes. This type of protocol also produced the highest overall sensitivity and specificity for glaucoma (receiver operating characteristic % area under the curve: severe, 100%; moderate, 94.4%; mild, 71.0%). Pattern deviations tended to produce higher area under the receiver operating characteristic curves in eyes classified as mild. Significant differences in the means of the six worst amplitude deviations were observed between normal and severe glaucoma subjects only.ConclusionsStimuli targeting both cortical pupillary colour response and subcortical pupillary luminance response components produced higher diagnostic accuracy than stimuli targeting subcortical pupillary luminance responses alone. Inclusion of constriction latencies further improved accuracy.
Inflammation and infections in asthma
Authors: Gillissen Adrian , Paparoupa Maria 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIntroductionAsthma is driven by an inflammatory response against normally harmless environmental inorganic and organic compounds in the respiratory tract. Immune responses to airborne pathogens such as viruses and bacteria may reduce the allergic responses but are also known to trigger asthma attacks and eventually lead to severe disease condition.ObjectiveTo investigate the role of respiratory pathogens concerning the induction or protection against acute or chronic asthma manifestations.MethodsWe included 131 articles for the final review according to their relevance with the subject.ResultsThere is apparently contradictory interaction of respiratory germs in the airways of asthmatics which may be protective on one angle but deleterious on the other.ConclusionThe relationship between inflammation and remodeling and the pathogenic role of viral and bacterial infection in the airways of asthmatic patients is still highly debatable and incompletely understood.
Post‐traumatic ruptured gastrothorax mimicking chylothorax
Authors: Sersar Sameh I. , Batouk AbdulNassir O. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIntroductionThe presence of the stomach in the chest is called gastrothorax. Few cases were reported. Most of them were related to congenital diaphragmatic hernia.ObjectivesWe are presenting a case of successful repair of ruptured traumatic gastrothorax which was masqueraded as chylothorax.MethodsA male patient with rupture stomach in the left chest cavity. Results successful repair of ruptured traumatic gastrothorax.ConclusionTraumatic ruptured gastrothorax can be mistaken for chylothorax.