bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychometric testing of the properties of the spiritual health scale short form
Authors: Hsiao Ya‐Chu , Chiang Yi‐Chien , Lee Hsiang‐Chun , Han Chin‐Yen 
Published: October 2013

Aims and objectivesTo further examine the psychometric properties of the spiritual health scale short form, including its reliability and validity.BackgroundSpirituality is one of the main factors associated with good health outcomes. A reliable and valid instrument to measure spirituality is essential to identify the spiritual needs of an individual and to evaluate the effect of spiritual care.DesignA cross‐sectional study design was used.MethodsThe study was conducted in six nursing schools in northern, central and southern Taiwan. The inclusion criterion for participants was nursing students with clinical practice experience. Initially, 1141 participants were recruited for the study, but 67 were absent and 48 did not complete the questionnaires. A total of 1026 participants were finally recruited, indicating a response rate of 89·9%. The psychometric testing of the spiritual health scale short form included construct validity with confirmatory factor analysis, known‐group validity and internal consistency reliability.ResultsThe results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the five‐factor model as an acceptable model fit. In the known‐group validity, the results indicated that people who are in the category of primary religious affiliation have better spiritual health than people in the category of secondary religious affiliation and atheism. The result also indicated that the 24‐item spiritual health scale short form achieved an acceptable internal consistency coefficient.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the spiritual health scale short form is a valid and reliable instrument for the appraisal of individual spiritual health.Relevance to clinical practiceThe spiritual health scale short form could provide useful information to guide clinical practice in assessing and managing people's spiritual health in Taiwan.
Striving for best practice: standardising New Zealand nursing procedures, 1930–1960
Authors: Wood Pamela J , Nelson Katherine 
Published: October 2013

Aims and objectivesTo identify how nurses in the past determined best practice, using the context of New Zealand, 1930–1960.BackgroundIn the current context of evidence‐based practice, nurses strive to provide the best care, based on clinical research. We cannot assume that nurses in the past, prior to the evidence‐based practice movement, did not also have a deliberate process for pursuing best practice. Discovering historical approaches to determining best practice will enrich our understanding of how nurses' current efforts are part of a continuing commitment to ensuring quality care.DesignHistorical research.MethodsThe records of the Nursing Education Committee of the New Zealand Registered Nurses' Association, 1940–1959, and the 309 issues of New Zealand's nursing journal, Kai Tiaki, 1930–1960, were analysed to identify the profession's approach to ensuring best practice. This approach was then interpreted within the international context, particularly Canada and the USA.ResultsFor nearly 30 years, nurse leaders collaborated in undertaking national surveys of training hospitals requesting information on different nursing practices. They subsequently distributed instructions for a range of procedures and other aspects of nursing care to standardise practice. Standardising nursing care was an effective way to ensure quality nursing at a time when hospital care was delivered mostly by nurses in training. The reasons for and timing of standardisation of nursing care in New Zealand differed from the international move towards standardisation, particularly in the USA.ConclusionsHistorically, nurses also pursued best practice, based on standardising nursing procedures.Relevance to clinical practiceExamining the antecedents of the present evidence‐based approach to care reminds us that the process and reasons for determining best practice change through time. As knowledge and practice continually change, current confident assertions of best practice should and will continue to be challenged in future.
Perceptions of patients and nurses towards nurse caring behaviors in coronary care units in Jordan
Authors: Omari Ferdous H , AbuAlRub Raeda , Ayasreh Ibrahim RA 
Published: October 2013

Aims and objectivesTo (1) identify the perceptions of Jordanian patients who suffer from coronary artery diseases towards nurse caring behaviours in critical care units; (2) identify the perceptions of Jordanian nurses who work in critical care units towards nurse caring behaviours; and (3) compare the perceptions of both patients and nurses towards nurse caring behaviours in critical care units.BackgroundCaring is an important concept in nursing, when nursing behaviours were perceived by patients as caring behaviours, and thus, their satisfaction with the quality of care can be improved. Therefore, it is important for nurses to be knowledgeable about the caring behaviours as perceived by patients who complained from coronary artery diseases themselves.DesignA descriptive comparative design was used.MethodsA convenience sample of 150 patients who complained from coronary artery diseases and 60 critical care unit nurses completed the demographic form and the Caring Behavior Assessment scale.ResultsPatients in critical care units perceived physical and technical behaviours as most important caring behaviours, whereas nurses in critical care units perceived teaching behaviours as most important caring behaviours.ConclusionThere were significant differences between patient participants' and nurse participants' perceptions towards four subscales of Caring Behavior Assessment scale that should be considered when caring for patients with coronary artery diseases.Relevance to clinical practicePatients with coronary artery diseases need well‐trained and clinically competent nurses to meet their needs. ‘Spiritual needs’ was an important nurse caring behaviour that should be emphasised in nursing practice.
Electronic fetal heart rate monitoring in five fetuses with Ebstein's anomaly
Authors: Morikawa Mamoru , Endo Daisuke , Yamada Takahiro , Cho Kazutoshi , Yamada Takashi , Minakami Hisanori 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimIt is not clear whether fetuses with Ebstein's anomaly are likely to show abnormalities on electronic fetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring during labor.MethodsWe performed retrospective analysis of FHR monitoring results obtained between 2.5 and 0.5 h prior to delivery in all of five fetuses prenatally diagnosed as having Ebstein's anomaly and born at our institution during the period between March 2005 and July 2011. All five mothers attempted to give birth vaginally. The results of FHR monitoring in 100 consecutive women with otherwise healthy singletons who attempted vaginal delivery were included as controls.ResultsThe absence of FHR acceleration (4/5 [80%]), decreased baseline FHR variability (3/5 [60%]) and late deceleration (4/5 [80%]) were seen significantly more often in the five fetuses with Ebstein's anomaly than the 100 fetuses born to control women (6.0%, 6.0%, and 10%, respectively).ConclusionFetuses with Ebstein's anomaly during labor were likely to exhibit absent acceleration, decreased baseline FHR variability and late deceleration compared to infants without cardiac structural anomalies.
Total laparoscopic modified radical hysterectomy with lymphadenectomy for endometrial cancer compared with laparotomy
Authors: Terai Yoshito , Tanaka Tomohito , Sasaki Hiroshi , Kawaguchi Hiroshi , Fujiwara Satoe , Yoo Saha , Tanaka Yoshimichi , Tsunetoh Satoshi , Kanemura Masanori , Ohmichi Masahide 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThis is the first report to determine the feasibility and safety of total laparoscopic modified radical hysterectomy (TLMRH) in the treatment of presumed stage I endometrial cancer.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of 132 consecutive patients who underwent surgery for early endometrial cancer. Thirty‐nine patients underwent TLMRH and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy (BSO), and 93 had a total abdominal extrafascial hysterectomy and BSO. Lymphadenectomy was performed in 87 patients. The groups were compared for epidemiological and clinical characteristics, surgical outcomes, hospital stay, lymph nodes harvested, and intraoperative and postoperative complications.ResultsThe patients in the TLMRH group had less blood loss (42.9 ± 76.3 vs 236.8 ± 186.6 mL, P < 0.0001), a similar number of lymph nodes removed (32.3 ± 13.1 vs 28.0 ± 11.9, P = 0.15), less need for analgesia and a shorter hospital stay (9.3 ± 2.5 vs 14.6 ± 12.6 days, P = 0.009) but longer operations (321.1 ± 65.9 vs 262.6 ± 75.0 min, P < 0.0001) than those treated by laparotomy. In our study, we had no conversions from laparoscopy to laparotomy. No major complications occurred in the TLMRH group. The patients who underwent TLMRH had less intense postoperative pain than patients treated by laparotomy. The median length of vaginal cuff removed was 12.0 ± 4.1 mm in the TLMRH group, and was 5.6 ± 6.6 mm in the laparotomy group (P < 0.0001). No patients demonstrated recurrence in either of the groups after a median follow‐up of 48.5 months (range, 1–84).ConclusionTLMRH is a safe and reliable alternative to open surgery in the management of early endometrial carcinoma, with a significantly reduced hospital stay and complications.
Effectiveness of selective vaginal tightening on sexual function among reproductive aged women in Iran with vaginal laxity: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Abedi Parvin , Jamali Safieh , Tadayon Mitra , Parhizkar Saadat , Mogharab Farideh 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimSexuality is an important part of women's health, quality of life and general well‐being. Vaginal laxity may cause sexual dissatisfaction thereby causing some women to demand vaginal tightening surgeries. This study aimed to evaluate the sexual function preoperative and 6 months after selective vaginal tightening in women of reproductive age in Iran with vaginal laxity.MethodsA quasi‐experimental study was carried out on 79 women with vaginal laxity. All the women were requested to complete the questionnaire, which contained sociodemographic and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questions preoperatively and 6 months after vaginal tightening. Data were analyzed using a paired Student's t‐test, Wilcoxon rank sum test and Mann–Whitney U‐test.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 34.02 ± 5.30 years. The average total FSFI score increased from 24.19 ± 3.09 to 26.92 ± 3.41 (P < 0.001) after surgery. The scores for libido, arousal, orgasm and satisfaction domain were significantly improved, but a high level of dyspareunia and low vaginal lubrication were noted (P < 0.001).ConclusionSexual function was improved 6 months after vaginal tightening. This indicates that elective vaginal tightening had a positive effect on the sexual function in women. However, the increase in dyspareunia and decrease in lubrication may limit the application of this type of surgery. Further studies with longer follow‐up are required to verify the long‐term results of vaginal tightening.
Cost and robotic surgery in gynecology
Authors: Knight Jason , Escobar Pedro F. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSince the introduction of robotic technology, there have been significant changes to the field of gynecology. The number of minimally invasive procedures has drastically increased, with robotic procedures rising remarkably. To date several authors have published cost analyses demonstrating that robotic hysterectomy for benign and oncologic indications is more costly compared to the laparoscopic approach. Despite being more expensive than laparoscopy, other studies have found robotics to be less expensive and more effective than laparotomy. In this review, controversies surrounding cost‐effectiveness studies are explored.
Telomere length loss due to smoking and metabolic traits
Authors: Huzen J. , Wong L. S. M. , van Veldhuisen D. J. , Samani N. J. , Zwinderman A. H. , Codd V. , Cawthon R. M. , Benus G. F. J. D. , van der Horst I. C.C. , Navis G. , Bakker S. J. L. , Gansevoort R. T. , de Jong P. E. , Hillege H. L. , van Gilst W. H. , de Boer R. A. , van der Harst P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesHuman age‐dependent telomere attrition and telomere shortening are associated with several age‐associated diseases and poorer overall survival. The aim of this study was to determine longitudinal leucocyte telomere length dynamics and identify factors associated with temporal changes in telomere length.Design and MethodsLeucocyte telomere length was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 8074 participants from the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End‐stage Disease (PREVEND) study, an ongoing community‐based prospective cohort study initiated in 1997. Follow‐up data were available at two time‐points up to 2007. Leucocyte telomere length was measured, on between one and three separate occasions, in a total of 16 783 DNA samples. Multilevel growth models were created to identify the factors that influence leucocyte telomere dynamics.ResultsWe observed an average attrition rate of 0.47 ± 0.16 relative telomere length units (RTLUs) per year in the study population aged 48 (range 39–60) years at baseline. Annual telomere attrition rate increased with age (P < 0.001) and was faster on average in men than in women (P for interaction 0.043). The major independent factors determining telomere attrition rate were active smoking (approximately tripled the loss of RTLU per year, P < 0.0001) and multiple traits of the metabolic syndrome (waist–hip ratio, P = 0.007; blood glucose level, P = 0.045, and HDL cholesterol level, P < 0.001).ConclusionsSmoking and variables linked to the metabolic syndrome are modifiable lifestyle factors that accelerate telomere attrition in humans. The higher rate of cellular ageing may mediate the link between smoking and the metabolic syndrome to an increased risk of several age‐associated diseases.
Contracts, Negotiation, and Learning: An Examination of Termination Provisions
Authors: Ariño Africa , Reuer Jeffrey J. , Mayer Kyle J. , Jané Juan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTaking a temporal view of learning in partnerships, we argue that learning to contract from prior relationships can be manifested not only in an increase in the level of contractual detail but also in a decrease in negotiation time for a given level of contractual detail. We analyse the influence that the length of prior relationships and the detail of termination provisions have on negotiation time, or the time period that it takes for partners to reach a mutually acceptable agreement. We find that: (1) the length of prior relationships has a curvilinear, U‐shaped effect on negotiation time, suggesting the possibility of diverse learning mechanisms as the relationship unfolds; (2) the impact of the detail of termination provisions on negotiation time varies across different types of termination provisions; and (3) it takes a shorter time to negotiate certain types of termination provisions when partners have longer prior relationships. Beyond suggesting the need to investigate the consequences of contractual provisions for collaborators, our study proposes negotiation time as an additional indicator of a learning‐to‐contract effect that complements existing ones.
Metallothionein immunoexpression in selected benign epithelial odontogenic tumors
Authors: Johann Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues , Caldeira Patrícia Carlos , Souto Giovanna Ribeiro , de Abreu Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães , Aguiar Maria Cássia Ferreira , Mesquita Ricardo Alves 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundOdontogenic tumors exhibited variable biologica behaviors. Metallothionein (MT) is correlated with the cellular homeostasis of essential metals, cellular differentiation, and proliferation. The core goals of this study are (i) to report and to compare MT expression among benign epithelial odontogenic tumors; (ii) to correlate MT with cellular proliferation index; and (iii) to evaluate the influence of the inflammatory infiltrate on MT expression.Materials and MethodsTen cases of solid ameloblastomas (SABs), 4 squamous odontogenic tumors (SOTs), 5 adenomatoid odontogenic tumors (AOTs), and 3 calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors (CEOTs) were subjected to immunohistochemical to anti‐MT, anti‐Ki‐67, and anti‐PCNA. Statistical analysis was performed using BioEstat® 4.0.ResultsMetallothionein staining was found to be the highest in the SABs (93.1%), followed by SOTs (52.9%), AOTs (38.4%), and CEOTs (0%). MT staining exhibited statistically significant differences between the SABs and the SOTs (P = 0.0047) and the AOTs (P = 0.0022). A weak‐to‐strong positive correlation between IMT and IK or IP was observed in SABs and SOTs, whereas a strong negative correlation was observed in AOTs. No differences in IMT, IK, and IP were observed between inflammation groups A and B.ConclusionsThe increased MT expression observed in the SABs might be correlated with clinical behavior (local invasiveness and high rate of recurrence). In the SABs and SOTs, MT plays a role in the stimulation of cellular proliferation. In contrast, MT can inhibit cellular proliferation in the AOT. The IMT, IK, and IP are not affected by inflammation.
No evidence for active human papillomavirus (HPV) in fields surrounding HPV‐positive oropharyngeal tumors
Authors: Rietbergen Michelle M. , Braakhuis Boudewijn J. M. , Moukhtari Nadia , Bloemena Elisabeth , Brink Arjen , Sie Daoud , Ylstra Bauke , Baatenburg de Jong Robert J. , Snijders Peter J. F. , Brakenhoff Ruud H. , Leemans C. René 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundPatients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) have a better prognosis than patients with HPV‐negative OPSCCs. Important factors contributing to this better prognosis are relatively low numbers of local/regional recurrences (LRRs) and second primary tumors (SPTs) in patients with HPV‐positive OPSCC. These low numbers may be explained in addition by the absence of a ‘field cancerization’ effect, which is a cause of LRRs and SPTs in patients with HPV‐negative OPSCC. We aimed to detect a possible ‘field effect’ in patients with HPV‐positive OPSCC. As HPV is involved in the early stage of carcinogenesis in OPSCCs, its presence is considered a reliable marker for the detection of such a field effect. Therefore, the presence of transcriptionally active HPV was analyzed in the mucosa surrounding HPV‐positive OPSCCs.MethodsWe included 20 patients who were surgically treated for an HPV‐positive OPSCC in the period 2000–2006. Of each patient, the formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumor sample and all available resection margins were collected. In total, 97 resection margins were investigated with an average of five resection margins per tumor. All samples were analyzed for the presence of tumor and the presence of transcriptionally active HPV by HPV16‐E6‐mRNA detection.ResultsAll tumors were HPV16‐E6‐mRNA positive. HPV16‐E6‐mRNA could be detected in the resection margins that contained tumor (n = 6). All tumor‐negative resection margins (n = 91) scored negative for HPV16‐E6‐mRNA.ConclusionsIn conclusion, transcriptional active HPV could not be detected in the mucosa surrounding an HPV‐positive OPSCC, which suggests the absence of field effect. This observation may explain the lower number of LRRs and SPTs in HPV‐positive patients.
Establishment and characterization of a primary calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor cell population
Authors: Amm Hope M. , Rollins Douglas L. , Ren Changchun , Dong Juan , DeVilliers Patricia , Rivera Helen , MacDougall Mary 
Published: October 2013

Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors (CEOTs) are rare neoplasms derived from dental tissue with the unique characteristic of calcifying amyloid‐like material.ObjectivesTo establish primary CEOT epithelial‐derived cell populations, investigate the expression of enamel matrix proteins (EMPs), and identify potential ameloblastin (AMBN) and patched 1 (PTCH1) gene alterations.Materials and MethodsA 28‐year‐old patient with a lesion of the posterior maxilla, radiographically characterized by a radiolucency with well‐defined borders containing mixed radiopacities, agreed to participate with informed consent. The patient's biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of CEOT, and a small representative tumor fragment was ascertained for cell culture. Explant cultures were established and used to establish primary cell populations. These were analyzed for morphology, cell proliferation, mineralization activity, expression of epithelial‐associated markers (qRT‐PCR and immunocytochemistry), and gene mutations of AMBN or PTCH1. DNA was extracted from tumor cells and gene coding and exon–intron boundaries overlapping fragments amplified. PCR products were bidirectional DNA sequenced and compared against reference sequence.ResultsA CEOT cell population was established and proliferated in culture and could be maintained for several passages. Expression of EMPs, cytokeratin 14 and 17, and patched (PTCH1), as well as ALP activity, was detected. These cells also had the ability to mineralize, similar to the primary tumor. Two AMBN alterations were identified in the sample: c.1323G>A/A441A (rs7680880) and c.1344*+111delA. Two single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the PTCH1 gene.ConclusionsOur data support the establishment of a CEOT‐derived cell population, which expresses known epithelial‐associated proteins.
REGIONAL WAGE DIFFERENCES IN THE NETHERLANDS: MICRO EVIDENCE ON AGGLOMERATION EXTERNALITIES
Authors: Groot Stefan P.T. , de Groot Henri L.F. , Smit Martijn J. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTBased on micro data on individual workers for the period 2000–2005, we show that wage differentials in the Netherlands are small but present. A large part of these differentials can be attributed to individual characteristics. Remaining effects are partially explained by variations in employment density, with an elasticity of about 4.8 percent, and by Marshall‐Arrow‐Romer externalities, where doubling the local share of a (two‐digit) industry results in a 2.9 percent higher productivity. We also find evidence for small negative effects of competition (Porter externalities) and diversity (Jacobs externalities).
SKILL POLARIZATION IN LOCAL LABOR MARKETS UNDER SHARE‐ALTERING TECHNICAL CHANGE
Authors: Accetturo Antonio , Dalmazzo Alberto , de Blasio Guido 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the “share‐altering” technical change hypothesis in a spatial general equilibrium model where individuals have different levels of skills. Building on a simple Cobb‐Douglas production function, our model shows that the implementation of skill‐biased technologies requires a sufficient proportion of highly educated individuals. Moreover, when technical progress disproportionately replaces middle‐skill jobs, the local distribution of skills will exhibit “fat‐tails,” where the proportion of both highly skilled and low‐skilled workers increases. These and several other predictions of the model are consistent with recent existing evidence, and avoid some major criticism against the “canonical” CES framework.