bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT POLICY
Authors: Kleinheisterkamp Jan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractEU Financial responsibility resulting from investor-state arbitration is a politically sensitive topic that is currently shaping the emerging European international investment policy. What level of protection can foreign investors be granted in future EU investment treaties without compromising EU ‘policy space’? How much review of its regulatory powers by arbitral tribunals, rather than by the CJEU, is the EU willing to accept? Taking the Commission's recent draft Regulation on managing financial responsibility as the starting point, this article analyses the implications that future EU investment agreements may have for the existing safeguards balancing private and public interests in EU law. It discusses the different policy choices in the light of fears that investment treaties may affect the EU policy space. A more scientific and sustainable approach is then suggested for ensuring that future EU agreements provide sufficient clarity regarding the outer bounds of financial responsibility and criteria for liability with the aim of maximizing legal certainty for both investors and host states.
Explaining the Advocacy Agenda: Insights from the Human Security Network
Authors: Carpenter Charli , Duygulu Sirin , Montgomery Alexander H. , Rapp Anna 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThrough a series of focus groups with human security practitioners, we examined how powerful organizations at the center of advocacy networks select issues for attention. Participants emphasized five sets of factors: entrepreneur attributes, adopter attributes, the broader political context, issue attributes, and intranetwork relations. However, the last two were much more consistently invoked by practitioners in their evaluations of specific candidate issues. Scholars of global agenda setting should pay particular attention to how intranetwork relations structure gatekeeper preferences within transnational advocacy spaces because these help constitute perceptions of issues' and actors' attributes in networks.
Age and growth of flathead, Platycephalus indicus from the Persian Gulf (Bandar Abbas, Iran)
Authors: Mohammadikia Dariush , Kamrani Ehsan , Reza Taherizadeh Mohammad , Soleymani Ayoub , Farokhi Ehsan , Momeni Mohammad 
Published: April 2014

In a study of the age and growth of Platycephalus indicus, a total of 1106 fish were collected from May 2011 to March 2012 in the coastal waters of Iran, Persian Gulf. The ages of 279 specimens were determined by sectioned otoliths. The ages of the females were estimated to be between 0+ to 7+ , while the ages of the males were from 0+ to 4+. The von Bertalanffy growth curve was well suited to the age/total length data of males and females as follows: Lt = 43.40{1–exp[−0.45(t + 0.328)]} for males, and Lt = 63 {1–exp[−0.50(t + 0.30)]} for females. linf = 43.40, k = 0.45, t0 = −0.328 for females and linf = 63, k = 0.50, t0 = −0.30 for males. The estimated values of natural mortality (M) were M = 0.886 yr−1 for females and 0.736 yr−1 for males, and the estimated Z values were 1.43 yr−1 for females and 1.62 yr−1 for males. The mean value of the gonadosomatic index for males and females was 0.82 ± 0.25 and 2.48 ± 0.59, respectively, in each year. The mean values of the hepatosomatic index (HSI) were 0.89 ± 0.20 for males and 1.28 ± 0.16 for females. The highest HSI values for this location were observed in January, and the lowest were in April.
James Harrington on the Hebrew Commonwealth
Authors: Beiner Ronald 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLiving in the post-9/11 world that we do, it is evident that the contemporary world continues to be very much vulnerable to political disruptions emanating from theocratic politics; and in that sense, any secularist hopes that may have been entertained for a political domestication of religion are far from having been fulfilled. That in turn suggests to us that the concerns that animated the great seventeenth-century struggle against clerical power and theocratic authority are enduring ones, and that we have reason to continue to engage intellectually with critics of priestcraft like Hobbes, Harrington, and Spinoza. Within that broader context, this article concerns itself with Harrington in particular, focusing on his efforts in his polemical writings of the late 1650s to draw resources for Erastian politics from a Hobbes-inspired account of the Hebrew republic.
Beliefs about Social Fluidity and Preferences for Social Policies
Authors: JAIME-CASTILLO ANTONIO M. , MARQUÉS-PERALES ILDEFONSO 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSeveral studies have shown that attitudes toward social policy are influenced by expectations of social mobility at the individual level and perceptions of social fluidity at the aggregate level. If individuals think of inequalities as the result of inherited disadvantages, they will be more willing to distribute resources from the rich to the poor. However, one important question remains open: How do individuals perceive the distribution of opportunities in society? In this paper we argue that individuals believe a society to be fair if opportunities for reaching the top of the social ladder are equally distributed among the population. That is, the distribution of resources is fair to the extent that individual outcomes do not depend on social origins. To address this issue, we asked a representative sample of individuals in the Spanish region of Andalusia what they think the chances are for persons of different social origins to achieve a high social status. We have found that those who think the chances for reaching the top are unequally distributed are those who support greater government responsibility and oppose meritocracy and competition, as they believe the initial distribution of opportunities to be unfair.
The Cyrenaican Prehistory Project 2012: the fifth season of investigations of the Haua Fteah cave
Authors: Barker Graeme , Bennett Paul , Farr Lucy , Hill Evan , Hunt Chris , Lucarini Giulio , Morales Jacob , Mutri Giuseppina , Prendergast Amy , Pryor Alexander , Rabett Ryan , Reynolds Tim , Spry-Marques Pia , Twati Mohammed 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe paper reports on the fifth (2012) season of fieldwork of the Cyrenaican Prehistory Project. The primary focus of the season was the continuation of the excavation of the prehistoric occupation layers in the Haua Fteah cave. A small trench (Trench U) was cut into Holocene (Neolithic) sediments exposed on the south wall of Charles McBurney's Upper Trench. Below this, the excavation of Trench M was continued, on the southern side of McBurney's Middle Trench. In previous seasons we had excavated Oranian ‘Epipalaeolithic’ layers dating toc.18,000–10,000 BP (years before the present). In 2012 the excavation continued downwards through Dabban ‘Upper Palaeolithic’ occupation layers, one of which was associated with a post-built structure and likely hearths. There are indications of an occupational hiatus separating the oldest Dabban from the youngest Levallois-Mousterian (Middle Palaeolithic or Middle Stone Age) lithic material. The Deep Sounding excavated by Charles McBurney in 1955 was cleared of backfill to its base, and its south-facing wall was recorded in detail and sampled extensively for materials for dating and palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. McBurney believed that he had reached bedrock at the base of the Deep Sounding, but a small sounding (Trench S) cut into the sediments below this level found further, albeit sparse, evidence for human occupation. Whilst the antiquity of ‘Pre-Aurignacian’ human occupation at the site still needs to be resolved, it seems likely to reach back at least to Marine Isotope Stage 5e, the beginning of the last interglacial (c.130,000–115,000 BP). Important finds from the 2012 excavations in terms of the behavioural complexity of the human groups using the cave include a possible worked bone point from a Pre-Aurignacian layer and a granite rubbing stone in a Dabban layer from a source over 600 km from the cave.
Report on the preliminary season of the Lepcis Magna Coastal Survey
Authors: Schörle Katia , Leitch Victoria , Liñeiro Ignacio Crespo , Ahmed Muftah , Rabha Khairi Abd Aselam Ben , Ali Musbah 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn October-November 2010 a pilot survey was carried out along the coastal landscape west of Lepcis Magna from the Villa of the Odeon. Intensive new building activities, in particular the development of tourist villages and luxury villas, made this archaeological survey particularly urgent. Earlier plans for a longer programme of research over several years were interrupted by the revolution in Libya; however, it is hoped that work can resume in the near future, and in the meantime the first overview of the season is given here. The survey revealed 52 ancient sites, including productive villas, ceramic kilns, sites equipped for oil and/or wine production and fish processing installations. This survey adds to previous archaeological work in the area and highlights the importance, wealth and economic role of the coastline of Lepcis Magna within the Roman Empire: not only do we see dense occupation, but also a wide range of activities, whether agricultural or the exploitation of marine resources. These results are significant for developing our knowledge of the coastal economy of Tripolitania and for helping to characterise the nature of production and how this may be linked to wider Mediterranean trading networks.
Geoarchaeological patterns in the pre-desert and desert ecozones of northern Cyrenaica
Authors: Jones Sacha , Farr Lucy , Barton Huw , Drake Nick , White Kevin , Barker Graeme 
Published: April 2014

AbstractGeoarchaeological surveys were conducted in northern Cyrenaica in 2009 as part of the TRANS-NAP project. A major objective of the project is to understand the relationship between regional environmental changes and human occupation patterns in northern Cyrenaica over approximately the past 200,000 years. This paper focuses on the results of surveys of the pre-desert and desert ecological zones in the south of the project's study region. The type, density and distribution of Palaeolithic sites were a particular focus of field research in the area. We report data from 42 archaeological sites in the pre-desert and desert zones, concentrating in particular on sites associated with palaeolakes and fan deposits. Analysis of the data reveals several patterns whereby particular archaeological signatures are associated with particular landforms. There is also a broader pattern across the region where sites assigned to the Middle Stone Age (MSA) period are considerably more common than those characteristic of the Late Stone Age (LSA). It is argued that this geographic area is particularly sensitive to changes in global climate and that past occupation patterns during the Palaeolithic were strongly driven by changes in the region's hydrological regime.
The changing funerary world of Roman Cyrene
Authors: Cherstich Luca 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper discusses the deep transformation of the monumental funerary culture of Cyrene during the Roman period. For the first time the problem is analysed in its complex entirety, identifying elements of Roman tombs and looking for possible dating clues. The quantitative data from a survey in the Southern Necropolis are used for a statistical analysis, looking for the relationship between portrait-busts/niches and other burial features. A chronological view of this period in the necropolis is attempted, together with a discussion of the evolution and the cultural significance of tomb-types. The picture is also contextualised within what we know of the socio-historical framework from other sources.
The Cyrenaican Prehistory Project 2011: Late-Holocene environments and human activity from a cave fill in Cyrenaica, Libya
Authors: Hunt Chris O. , Brooks Ian , Meneely John , Brown David , Buzaian Ahmed , Barker Graeme 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLittle is known about late Holocene environmental change in Cyrenaica. The late Holocene sequence in the Haua Fteah, the key regional site, is highly discontinuous and characterised by stable-burning deposits. The geoarchaeology of the late-Holocene cave fill of a small cave, CP1565, located close to the Haua Fteah, is described. The well-stratified sequence, dating from the fourth century AD to the present day, provides a glimpse of life at the bottom of the settlement hierarchy and of changing environments over the last 1600 years, with degraded vegetation and aridity in the ‘Little Ice Age’.
DMP XII: Excavations and Survey of the so-called Garamantian Royal Cemetery (GSC030–031)
Authors: Mattingly David , Abduli Hafed , Ahmed Muftah , Cole Franca , Fenwick Corisande , Fothergill Brooklynne Tyr , Rodriguez Mireya González , Hobson Matthew , Khalaf Nadia , Lahr Marta , Moussa Farès , Nikita Efthymia , Nikolaus Julia , Radini Anita , Ray Nick , Savage Toby , Sterry Martin , Wilson Andrew 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSurvey and excavation by the Burials and Identity team of the Desert Migrations Project (DMP) focused in 2011 on the so-called Royal Cemetery of the Garamantes close to the Jarma escarpment, a few km south of Old Jarma. This Late Garamantian cemetery contains two distinct zones (GSC030 and GSC031) of monumental rectangular stepped tombs, which were plaster-coated and fronted by massive offering tables and stelae. Previous dating evidence has suggested they span the fourth to sixth centuries AD. However, many questions remain about the cemetery and the overall recording of the monuments had hitherto been left incomplete. The 2011 work focused on the excavation of one of the larger monuments in GSC030 and several of the smaller tombs in the neighbouring GSC031, along with an overall survey of both cemetery areas and a detailed record of the stelae and offering tables still present in considerable numbers. In addition, the team made a survey along the escarpment between the Royal Cemetery and Zinkekrā, completing and uniting the various surveys carried out by the DMP around Zinkekrā, Watwāt and the Jarma Escarpment. A survey of foggaras and settlement in the ad-Dīsa embayment was also undertaken.
L'inscription de Qasr al-Hammâm : nouveau déchiffrement et nouvelle lecture de son contexte archéo-historique
Authors: Abdouli Hafed 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article is a reassessment of an inscription dated to 473 H. / AD 1080–81 from Qasr al-Hammâm, in the hinterland of Lepcis Magna. The inscription is contextualised within the historical literature of the period and a new reading is proposed; following a careful analysis of the architecture it is suggested that the original plan of the qasr is of medieval date rather than earlier. The inscription appears to corroborate the reliability of Ibn Khaldoūn regarding the settlement of the āl-Sālim tribe in the vicinity of Lepcis: the late eleventh century ‘Émir Sālim’ referred to by Khaldoūn is in all probability the same man as the emir mentioned in the inscription.
Desert Migrations Project XVII: Further AMS Dates for Historic Settlements from Fazzan, South-West Libya
Authors: Sterry M. , Mattingly D. J. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA group of 25 new AMS radiocarbon dates for historic-era sites in Fazzan is presented. These provide further confirmation of the construction of numerous fortified villages and castle-like structures (qsur) in two of the main oases belts of Fazzan during the Garamantian period, primarily in the third – sixth centuries AD. Further precision is also provided on the dating of a Garamantian and early Islamic urban centre called Qasr ash-Sharraba and the early modern capital of Fazzan at Murzuq.
Food resource partitioning in syntopic nectarivorous bats on Puerto Rico
Authors: Soto-Centeno J. Angel , Phillips Donald L. , Kurta Allen , Hobson Keith A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract:Understanding the dietary needs of syntopic species is essential for examining species coexistence and resource partitioning. We analysed stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) to estimate the diet of two putative nectarivorous bats on Puerto Rico, the brown flower bat (Erophylla bombifrons) and the Greater Antillean long-tongued bat (Monophyllus redmani). Isotopic ratios of δ13C and δ15N were obtained from whole blood of both species of bat and tissues of available plant foods and insect prey over 15 wk at the same locality. We used a concentration-dependent Bayesian mixing model to determine probability distributions of feasible dietary contributions for major potential foods used by each species of bat. Additionally, separate dietary estimates were conducted for males and non-reproductive, pregnant and lactating females to determine differences due to reproductive condition. Insects were an important source of protein for M. redmani, whereas E. bombifrons obtained most of its protein from plants. In both species of bat, lactating females had lower assimilated nitrogen than males, suggesting more reliance on plants for protein. We observed no intraspecific differences in assimilated carbon among reproductive conditions. Flight and lactation are energetically expensive and may explain the increased consumption of high-energy foods, such as fruit or nectar, in lactating female bats. Comparison of isotopes between E. bombifrons and M. redmani illustrate the differential use of food resources by these insular syntopic species of bat.
Rings of Frobenius operators
Authors: KATZMAN MORDECHAI , SCHWEDE KARL , SINGH ANURAG K. , ZHANG WENLIANG 
Published: April 2014

AbstractLet R be a local ring of prime characteristic. We study the ring of Frobenius operators ${\mathcal F}(E)$, where E is the injective hull of the residue field of R. In particular, we examine the finite generation of ${\mathcal F}(E)$ over its degree zero component ${\mathcal F}^0(E)$, and show that ${\mathcal F}(E)$ need not be finitely generated when R is a determinantal ring; nonetheless, we obtain concrete descriptions of ${\mathcal F}(E)$ in good generality that we use, for example, to prove the discreteness of F-jumping numbers for arbitrary ideals in determinantal rings.
Lois Mémoriellesin Post-Genocide Societies: The Rwandan Law on Genocide Ideology under International Human Rights Law Scrutiny
Authors: SULLO PIETRO 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article discusses the Rwandan Law 18/2008 on genocide ideology in the light of international human rights standards. In order to put the genocide ideology law into context, it sketches a brief overview of the post-genocide scenario. Because of the influence that provisions restricting freedom of expression aimed at fighting negationism might exert on testimonies during genocide trials, it pays particular attention to the transitional justice strategies adopted in Rwanda. Finally, it assesses the law on the genocide ideology against the background provided by the measures implemented in some European countries to deal with the phenomenon of negationism.
First description of NDM-1-, KPC-2-, VIM-2- and IMP-4-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains in a single Chinese teaching hospital
Authors: LIU Y. , WAN L.-G. , DENG Q. , CAO X.-W. , YU Y. , XU Q.-F. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYA total of 180 non-duplicate carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were recovered from patients hospitalized between December 2010 and January 2012 at a Chinese hospital. Eight KPC-2, four NDM-1, one VIM-2, and five KPC-2 plus IMP-4 producers were identified and all were multidrug resistant due to the presence of other resistance determinants, including extended-spectrum β-lactamases (CTX-M-15, SHV-12), 16S rRNA methylases (armA, rmtB) and plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance determinants (qnrA, B, S, aac(6′)-Ib-cr). Nine K. pneumoniae clones (Kpn-A1/ST395, Kpn-A3/ST11, Kpn-A2/ST134, Kpn-B/ST263, Kpn-C/ST37, Kpn-D/ST39, Kpn-E/ST1151, Kpn-F/ST890, Kpn-G/ST1153) were identified. blaKPC-2 was located on transferable ~65 kb IncL/M (ST395, ST11, ST134, ST39) and ~100 kb IncA/C (ST37, ST1153, ST890) plasmids, respectively. On the other hand, blaNDM-1 was associated with a ~70 kb IncA/C plasmid (ST263). However, non-typable plasmids of ~40 kb containing blaVIM-2 were detected in the ST1151 clone. This work reports the first co-occurrence of four diverse types of carbapenemase of K. pneumoniae clones from a single hospital in China. IncA/C, IncL/M, and other successful plasmids may be important for the dissemination of carbapenemases, producing a complex epidemiological picture.
Anthropometric parameters in relation to glycaemic status and lipid profile in a multi-ethnic sample in Italy
Authors: Gualdi-Russo Emanuela , Zaccagni Luciana , Dallari Giovanna V , Toselli Stefania 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the health status of ethnic minorities in Italy. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the association between anthropometric and blood parameters connected with health status.DesignA cross-sectional study. Anthropometric data were collected by direct measurements and blood glucose, total cholesterol and TAG were analysed.SettingBologna, northern Italy.SubjectsA multi-ethnic sample of adult immigrants and Roma.ResultsSignificant correlations between anthropometric and blood parameters were found. Among the ethnic groups, Roma males had the highest values of glucose, total cholesterol and TAG. In the females the situation was more balanced among ethnic groups.ConclusionsThe data from this survey indicate that poor health status is a very common problem among ethnic groups living in Italy, especially the Roma. The use of anthropometric parameters as rapid indicators of health status in screenings of a large number of subjects could be an effective and cheap method to provide preliminary indications on individuals or ethnic groups at greater risk of poor health.
Contribution to the development of a food guide in Benin: linear programming for the optimization of local diets
Authors: Levesque Sarah , Delisle Hélène , Agueh Victoire 
Published: April 2014

AbstractObjectiveFood guides are important tools for nutrition education. While developing a food guide in Benin, the objective was to determine the daily number of servings per food group and the portion sizes of common foods to be recommended.DesignLinear programming (LP) was used to determine, for each predefined food group, the optimal number and size of servings of commonly consumed foods. Two types of constraints were introduced into the LP models: (i) WHO/FAO Recommended Nutrient Intakes and dietary guidelines for the prevention of chronic diseases; and (ii) dietary patterns based on local food consumption data recently collected in southern Benin in 541 adults. Dietary intakes of the upper tertile of participants for diet quality based on prevention and micronutrient adequacy scores were used in the LP algorithms.SettingSouthern area of the Republic of Benin.SubjectsLocal key-players in nutrition (n30) from the government, academic institutions, international organizations and civil society were partners in the development of the food guide directed at the population.ResultsThe number of servings per food group and the portion size for eight age–sex groups were determined. For four limiting micronutrients (Fe, Ca, folate and Zn), local diets could be optimized to meet only 70 % of the Recommended Nutrient Intakes, not 100 %.ConclusionsIt was possible to determine the daily number of servings and the portion sizes of common foods that can be recommended in Benin with the help of LP to optimize local diets, although Recommended Nutrient Intakes were not fully met for a few critical micronutrients.