bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pilot Course: A Teaching Practicum Course as an Integral Component of an Accounting Doctoral Program
Authors: Callahan Carolyn M. , Spiceland Charlene P. , Spiceland J. David , Hairston Stephanie 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
This article presents one university's approach to supplementing traditional doctoral research training with a two-semester teaching practicum. The practicum is designed to help students develop and hone pedagogical and other teaching skills, while gaining insight into academic career acumen. It consists of two, one-hour courses taken by students during each of the first two semesters of their doctoral program. In the first semester, weekly teaching seminars are accompanied by an apprenticeship activity in which the students attend classes of faculty mentors throughout the term, teaching one of those classes toward the end of the term. In the second semester, the doctoral students are mentored through their first whole-semester teaching experience, sharing issues from that experience and sharpening skills in the weekly seminar discussions. The article provides details of the practicum and implementation guidance intended to encourage other Ph.D. programs to embrace the general approach we describe, adapting the specifics to reflect the resources and aspirations of their programs.
Seasonal surface velocities of a Himalayan glacier derived by automated correlation of unmanned aerial vehicle imagery
Authors: Kraaijenbrink Philip , Meijer Sander W. , Shea Joseph M. , Pellicciotti Francesca , De Jong Steven M. , Immerzeel Walter W. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract.Debris-covered glaciers play an important role in the high-altitude water cycle in the Himalaya, yet their dynamics are poorly understood, partly because of the difficult fieldwork conditions. In this study we therefore deploy an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) three times (May 2013, October 2013 and May 2014) over the debris-covered Lirung Glacier in Nepal. The acquired data are processed into orthomosaics and elevation models by a Structure from Motion workflow, and seasonal surface velocity is derived using frequency cross-correlation. In order to obtain optimal surface velocity products, the effects of different input data and correlator configurations are evaluated, which reveals that the orthomosaic as input paired with moderate correlator settings provides the best results. The glacier has considerable spatial and seasonal differences in surface velocity, with maximum summer and winter velocities 6 and 2.5 m a-1, respectively, in the upper part of the tongue, while the lower part is nearly stagnant. It is hypothesized that the higher velocities during summer are caused by basal sliding due to increased lubrication of the bed. We conclude that UAVs have great potential to quantify seasonal and annual variations in flow and can help to further our understanding of debris-covered glaciers.
Assessment of Oral Hygiene Status and Attitude of Dental Students Towards Periodontal Care: An Introspective Mirror
Authors: Sharma Kratee , Chaubey Krishna K , Thakur Rajesh K , Agarwal Swati , Agarwal Mukund , Gupta Disha 
Published: August 2015

Dental students represent the educated, urbanized, influential and motivated class of individuals. If motivated for oral health, they can transfer the same knowledge and behavior patterns to patients during their practices. With this intention, this study was planned. 200 dental students were assessed by a close-ended, four-item questionnaire. Oral hygiene was assessed by Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI, Greene and Vermilion, 1964) and gingival condition by Gingival Index (GI, Loe & Silness, 1963). A positive change in attitude was observed from first to final year students. 100% of them used tooth brush and paste, but 88%, 88% 96%, 92% in first, second, third and fourth year cleaned their tongue; whereas 70%, 92%, 94%, 92% of them, respectively, were in favor of scientific method of brushing. 92%, 90%, 96%, 100%, respectively, felt visiting the dentist during gingival bleeding. Also, there was statistically significant improvement in GI between first and final year (p=0.00005), between second and final year (p=0.0003) students. OHI showed a consistent improvement from first to final year (p<0.05). A positive change in attitude with reduction in GI and OHI status was observed with the increase in professional years.Key message: The attitude towards periodontal care is quite unsubstantial and oral hygiene status, gingival condition among first and second year dental students is poor as compared to third year and final year students. So, there is need to bring about a change in the attitude and improvement in oral hygiene status and gingival condition of dental students from their initial years of learning.Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research and Education Vol.5(2) 2015: 44-48
Prophylactic use of cephradine in dental procedures: A observational study in Bangladesh
Authors: Jan Chowdhury Moin , Sattar Mostaque H , Howlader Mujibur Rahman , Pervin Kumkum 
Published: August 2015

Bacteremia is common with manipulation of the teeth and periodontal tissues during dental procedures. Majority of dental office visits result in some degree of bacteremia that warrants antibiotic prophylaxis before a dental procedure to reduce the frequency, nature or duration of bacteremia. This study aimed to collect data on prophylactic use of cephradine which is most preferred in dental procedures in Bangladesh. A total 2219 of patients both adult and children above 5 years were enrolled to assess use of antibiotic, its dose and duration for antibiotic prophylaxis during dental procedures. Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in terms of clinical cure, further dose modification and need to change antibiotic was evaluated at day 10 of antibiotic use and in case of root canal therapy at day 30. Any side effect of antibiotic use recorded within 3 days was considered for safety evaluation. This was a non-controlled, multicentre, observational study. 2016 (90.9%) of the patients received cephradine as prophylactic antibiotic with a mean dosage of 500mg (487.48+60.99) and duration of treatment was 3-7 days (5.47+1.03). Some of the dentists also preferred amoxicillin (149, 6.7%) and cephalexin (54, 2.4%) for prophylaxis. The majority of the patients (1657, 82.2%) who had prophylaxis with cephradine had no clinical sign of infection and some of the patients needed to change their initial dose or change of the antibiotic. Overall 1816 (81.8%) patients were found having no clinical sign of infection on antibiotic prophylaxis. Among the patients 239 (10.7%) needed to change the dose of prescribed antibiotic and 55 (2.4%) were required to change their prescribed antibiotic. However, the data on type of infection was not recorded. 109 (4.9%) patients were lost to follow up on Day 10. Prescribed antibiotic prophylaxis was not associated with adverse events in majority (91%) of the patients. Some of the patients reported diarrhea (104, 4.7%), stomach upset (68, 3.1%) and dizziness (31, 1.4%) during antibiotic use. However, those were self-limiting and no dose adjustment, discontinuation of therapy or withdrawal from the study was required. No serious adverse events were reported. Cephradine 500 mg for 5 days course was preferred as prophylactic antibiotic in dental procedures in this study. Majority of the patients had no clinical sign of infection on evaluation at day 10. Cephradine therapy was mostly not associated with adverse events in patients; however, diarrhea, stomach upset and dizziness were reported in some patients that were self-limiting.Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research and Education Vol.5(2) 2015: 49-54
A review of predictive factors of student success in and satisfaction with online learning
Authors: Kauffman Heather 
Published: August 2015

Students perceive online courses differently than traditional courses. Negative perceptions can lead to unfavourable learning outcomes including decreased motivation and persistence. Throughout this review, a broad range of factors that affect performance and satisfaction within the online learning environment for adult learners will be examined including learning outcomes, instructional design and learner characteristics, followed by suggestions for further research, and concluding with implications for online learning pertinent to administrators, instructors, course designers and students. Online learning may not be appropriate for every student. Identifying particular characteristics that contribute to online success versus failure may aid in predicting possible learning outcomes and save students from enrolling in online courses if this type of learning environment is not appropriate for them. Furthermore, knowing these learner attributes may assist faculty in designing quality online courses to meet students’ needs. Adequate instructional methods, support, course structure and design can facilitate student performance and satisfaction.Keywords: online learning; learner characteristics; instructional design; online learning outcomes(Published: 27 August 2015)Responsible Editor: Meg O’Reilly, Southern Cross University, AustraliaCitation: Research in Learning Technology 2015, 23: 26507 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v23.26507
Randomized Controlled Trial of the NS5A Inhibitor Daclatasvir plus Pegylated Interferon and Ribavirin for HCV Genotype-4 (COMMAND-4)
Authors: Hézode Christophe , Alric Laurent , Brown Ashley , Hassanein Tarek , Rizzetto Mario , Buti Maria , Bourlière Marc , Thabut Dominique , Molina Esther , Rustgi Vinod , Samuel Didier , McPhee Fiona , Liu Zhaohui , Yin Philip D , Hughes Eric , Treitel Michelle ,   the COMMAND-4 study team
Published: August 2015

Background Treatment options for HCV genotype-4 (GT4) are limited. This Phase III study (COMMAND-4; AI444-042) evaluated the efficacy and safety of daclatasvir (DCV), a pan-genotypic HCV NS5A inhibitor, with pegylated interferon-α2a/ribavirin (PEG-IFN/RBV) in treatment-naive patients with HCV GT4 infection. Methods Patients were randomly assigned (2:1; blinded) to treatment with DCV 60 mg ( n=82) or placebo ( n=42) once daily plus PEG-IFN 180 μg weekly and RBV 1,000–1,200 mg/ day (weight-based) twice daily. DCV-treated patients with undetectable HCV RNA at weeks 4 and 12 (eRVR) received 24 weeks of DCV plus PEG-IFN/RBV; those without eRVR received an additional 24 weeks of PEG-IFN/RBV. All placebo-treated patients received 48 weeks of PEG-IFN/RBV. The primary end point was sustained virological response (SVR) at post-treatment week 12 (SVR12). Results Patients were 75% IL28B non-CC and 11% had cirrhosis. SVR rates (HCV RNA < lower limit of quantitation [LLOQ]) at post-treatment week 12 or later (imputed to include patients missing SVR12 assessments but had SVR after post-treatment week 12) were 82% (67/82) with DCV plus PEG-IFN/RBV versus 43% (18/42) with PEG-IFN/RBV ( P<0.0001). In DCV recipients, SVR12 rates were comparable across subgroups. The safety and tolerability profile of DCV plus PEG-IFN/RBV was comparable to that of PEG-IFN/RBV. Discontinuations due to adverse events occurred in 4.9% of patients receiving DCV plus PEG-IFN/RBV and 7.1% of patients receiving PEG-IFN/RBV. Conclusions In treatment-naive patients with HCV GT4 infection, DCV plus PEG-IFN/RBV achieved higher SVR12 rates than PEG-IFN/RBV alone. These data support DCV-based regimens for treatment of HCV GT4 infection, including all-oral combinations with other direct-acting antivirals (AI444-042; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01448044).
TARM1 Is a Novel Leukocyte Receptor Complex–Encoded ITAM Receptor That Costimulates Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Macrophages and Neutrophils
Authors: Radjabova Valeria , Mastroeni Piero , Skjødt Karsten , Zaccone Paola , de Bono Bernard , Goodall Jane C. , Chilvers Edwin R. , Juss Jatinder K. , Jones Des C. , Trowsdale John , Barrow Alexander David 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
We identified a novel, evolutionarily conserved receptor encoded within the human leukocyte receptor complex and syntenic region of mouse chromosome 7, named T cell–interacting, activating receptor on myeloid cells-1 (TARM1). The transmembrane region of TARM1 contained a conserved arginine residue, consistent with association with a signaling adaptor. TARM1 associated with the ITAM adaptor FcRγ but not with DAP10 or DAP12. In healthy mice, TARM1 is constitutively expressed on the cell surface of mature and immature CD11b+Gr-1+ neutrophils within the bone marrow. Following i.p. LPS treatment or systemic bacterial challenge, TARM1 expression was upregulated by neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes and TARM1+ cells were rapidly recruited to sites of inflammation. TARM1 expression was also upregulated by bone marrow–derived macrophages and dendritic cells following stimulation with TLR agonists in vitro. Ligation of TARM1 receptor in the presence of TLR ligands, such as LPS, enhanced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages and primary mouse neutrophils, whereas TARM1 stimulation alone had no effect. Finally, an immobilized TARM1-Fc fusion protein suppressed CD4+ T cell activation and proliferation in vitro. These results suggest that a putative T cell ligand can interact with TARM1 receptor, resulting in bidirectional signaling and raising the T cell activation threshold while costimulating the release of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages and neutrophils.
The Blood Transcriptome of Experimental Melioidosis Reflects Disease Severity and Shows Considerable Similarity with the Human Disease
Authors: Conejero Laura , Potempa Krzysztof , Graham Christine M. , Spink Natasha , Blankley Simon , Salguero Francisco J. , Pankla-Sranujit Rungnapa , Khaenam Prasong , Banchereau Jacques F. , Pascual Virginia , Chaussabel Damien , Lertmemongkolchai Ganjana , O’Garra Anne , Bancroft Gregory J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Melioidosis, a severe human disease caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, has a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from acute septicemia to chronic localized illness or latent infection. Murine models have been widely used to study the pathogenesis of infection and to evaluate novel therapies or vaccines, but how faithfully they recapitulate the biology of human melioidosis at a molecular level is not known. In this study, mice were intranasally infected with either high or low doses of B. pseudomallei to generate either acute, chronic, or latent infection and host blood and tissue transcriptional profiles were generated. Acute infection was accompanied by a homogeneous signature associated with induction of multiple innate immune response pathways, such as IL-10, TREM1, and IFN signaling, largely found in both blood and tissue. The transcriptional profile in blood reflected the heterogeneity of chronic infection and quantitatively reflected the severity of disease. Genes associated with fibrosis and tissue remodeling, including matrix metalloproteases and collagen, were upregulated in chronically infected mice with severe disease. Transcriptional signatures of both acute and chronic melioidosis revealed upregulation of iNOS in tissue, consistent with the expression of IFN-γ, but also Arginase-1, a functional antagonist of the iNOS pathway, and was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Comparison of these mouse blood datasets by pathway and modular analysis with the blood transcriptional signature of patients with melioidosis showed that many genes were similarly perturbed, including Arginase-1, IL-10, TREM1, and IFN signaling, revealing the common immune response occurring in both mice and humans.
Differential Requirements for l-Citrulline and l-Arginine during Antimycobacterial Macrophage Activity
Authors: Rapovy Shannon M. , Zhao Junfang , Bricker Rebecca L. , Schmidt Stephanie M. , Setchell Kenneth D. R. , Qualls Joseph E. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Microbicidal NO production is reliant on inducible NO synthase–mediated l-arginine metabolism in macrophages (MΦs). However, l-arginine supply can be restricted by arginase activity, resulting in inefficient NO output and inhibition of antimicrobial MΦ function. MΦs circumvent this by converting l-citrulline to l-arginine, thereby resupplying substrate for NO production. In this article, we define the metabolic signature of mycobacteria-infected murine MΦs supplied l-arginine, l-citrulline, or both amino acids. Using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, we determined that l-arginine synthesized from l-citrulline was less effective as a substrate for arginase-mediated l-ornithine production compared with l-arginine directly imported from the extracellular milieu. Following Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin infection and costimulation with IFN-γ, we observed that MΦ arginase activity did not inhibit production of NO derived from l-citrulline, contrary to NO inhibition witnessed when MΦs were cultured in l-arginine. Furthermore, we found that arginase-expressing MΦs preferred l-citrulline over l-arginine for the promotion of antimycobacterial activity. We expect that defining the consequences of l-citrulline metabolism in MΦs will provide novel approaches for enhancing immunity, especially in the context of mycobacterial disease.
PI3Kδ Regulates the Magnitude of CD8+ T Cell Responses after Challenge with Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Pearce Verity Q. , Bouabe Hicham , MacQueen Amy R. , Carbonaro Valentina , Okkenhaug Klaus 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
PI3Ks regulate diverse immune cell functions by transmitting intracellular signals from Ag, costimulatory receptors, and cytokine receptors to control cell division, differentiation, survival, and migration. In this study, we report the effect of inhibiting the p110δ subunit of PI3Kδ on CD8+ T cell responses to infection with the intracellular bacteria Listeria monocytogenes. A strong dependency on PI3Kδ for IFN-γ production by CD8+ T cells in vitro was not recapitulated after Listeria infection in vivo. Inactivation of PI3Kδ resulted in enhanced bacterial elimination by the innate immune system. However, the magnitudes of the primary and secondary CD8+ T cell responses were reduced. Moreover, PI3Kδ activity was required for CD8+ T cells to provide help to other responding CD8+ cells. These findings identify PI3Kδ as a key regulator of CD8+ T cell responses that integrates extrinsic cues, including those from other responding cells, to determine the collective behavior of CD8+ T cell populations responding to infection.
Polymorphic HLA-C Receptors Balance the Functional Characteristics of KIR Haplotypes
Authors: Hilton Hugo G. , Guethlein Lisbeth A. , Goyos Ana , Nemat-Gorgani Neda , Bushnell David A. , Norman Paul J. , Parham Peter 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The human killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) locus comprises two groups of KIR haplotypes, termed A and B. These are present in all human populations but with different relative frequencies, suggesting they have different functional properties that underlie their balancing selection. We studied the genomic organization and functional properties of the alleles of the inhibitory and activating HLA-C receptors encoded by KIR haplotypes. Because every HLA-C allotype functions as a ligand for KIR, the interactions between KIR and HLA-C dominate the HLA class I–mediated regulation of human NK cells. The C2 epitope is recognized by inhibitory KIR2DL1 and activating KIR2DS1, whereas the C1 epitope is recognized by inhibitory KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3. This study shows that the KIR2DL1, KIR2DS1, and KIR2DL2/3 alleles form distinctive phylogenetic clades that associate with specific KIR haplotypes. KIR A haplotypes are characterized by KIR2DL1 alleles that encode strong inhibitory C2 receptors and KIR2DL3 alleles encoding weak inhibitory C1 receptors. In striking contrast, KIR B haplotypes are characterized by KIR2DL1 alleles that encode weak inhibitory C2 receptors and KIR2DL2 alleles encoding strong inhibitory C1 receptors. The wide-ranging properties of KIR allotypes arise from substitutions throughout the KIR molecule. Such substitutions can influence cell surface expression, as well as the avidity and specificity for HLA-C ligands. Consistent with the crucial role of inhibitory HLA-C receptors in self-recognition, as well as NK cell education and response, most KIR haplotypes have both a functional C1 and C2 receptor, despite the considerable variation that occurs in ligand recognition and surface expression.
Evaluation of Pictures and Graphics Semiotics in National kindergarten Interactive Curriculum in Jordan
Authors: Al-Mouhtadi Reham , Jwaifell Mustafa , Aldarabah Intisar 
Published: August 2015

<p>This research aimed at evaluation of pictures and graphics semiotics in national kindergarten interactive curriculum in Jordan. Frequencies of items reflecting semiotics were used to evaluation pictures and graphics included in the Jordanian National Kindergarten Interactive Curriculum (JNKIC), depending on the study instrument which was built for the study's purposes. The study results showed that a rich curriculum in graphics and pictures in addition to that it's high quality content, in addition, the literacy level in the pictures and graphics high quality. On the other hand, there is a clear lack of observance pictures and graphics that care with special needs. The researchers recommended giving more attention in the curriculum included pictures and graphics take into account the special needs, in addition, conducting further studies on the evaluation of interactive curriculum from the teachers view point and its relationship between their experience and qualification. </p>
Barriers to HIV testing and characteristics associated with never testing among gay and bisexual men attending sexual health clinics in Sydney
Authors: Conway Damian P , Holt Martin , Couldwell Deborah L , Smith Don E , Davies Stephen C , McNulty Anna , Keen Phillip , Cunningham Philip , Guy Rebecca ,   Sydney Rapid HIV Test Study
Published: August 2015

IntroductionHIV diagnoses among gay and bisexual men have increased over the past decade in Australia. HIV point‐of‐care testing (POCT) was introduced in Australia in 2011 as a strategy to increase HIV testing by making the testing process more convenient. We surveyed gay and bisexual men undergoing POCT to assess barriers to HIV testing and characteristics associated with not having previously tested for HIV (never testing).MethodsDuring 2011 and 2012, gay and bisexual men who were undergoing POCT at four Sydney sexual health clinics self‐completed questionnaires assessing testing history and psychological and structural barriers to HIV testing. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess associations between patient characteristics and never testing.ResultsOf 1093 participants, 981 (89.9%) reported ever testing for HIV and 110 (10.1%) never testing. At least one barrier to testing was reported by 1046 men (95.7%), with only 47 men (4.3%) not reporting any barrier to testing. The most commonly reported barriers to testing were annoyance at having to return for results (30.2%), not having done anything risky (29.6%), stress in waiting for results (28.4%), being afraid of testing positive (27.5%) and having tested recently (23.2%). Never testing was independently associated with being non‐gay‐identified (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–3.2), being aged less than 25 years (AOR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.6–3.8), living in a suburb with few gay couples (AOR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.2–3.0), being afraid of testing HIV‐positive (AOR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0–2.4), not knowing where to test (AOR: 3.8; 95% CI: 1.3–11.2) and reporting one or no sexual partners in the last six months (AOR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2–6.2).ConclusionsBarriers to HIV testing were commonly reported among the clinic‐based gay and bisexual men in this study. Our findings suggest further health promotion and prevention strategies are needed to address the knowledge, attitudes and behavioural factors associated with never testing.