bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term Effects of Pediatric Burns on the Circulatory System
Authors: Duke Janine M. , Randall Sean M. , Fear Mark W. , Boyd James H. , Rea Suzanne , Wood Fiona M. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND:
The systemic responses to burns (in particular, elevated levels of catecholamines and stress hormones) have been shown to have an impact on cardiac function for at least 3 years in children with burns. However, it is not clear if these changes lead to long-term effects on the heart. The aim of this study was to assess whether pediatric burn injury is associated with increased long-term hospital use for circulatory diseases.

METHODS:
A population-based longitudinal study was undertaken using linked hospital and death data from Western Australia for children younger than 15 years when hospitalized for a first burn injury (n = 10 436) in 1980–2012 and a frequency matched noninjury comparison cohort, randomly selected from Western Australia’s birth registrations (n = 40 819). Crude admission rates and cumulative length of stay for circulatory diseases were calculated. Negative binomial and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling were used to generate incidence rate ratios and hazard ratios, respectively.

RESULTS:
After adjustment for demographic factors and preexisting health status, the burn cohort had 1.33 (incidence rate ratio) times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.64) as many circulatory system hospitalizations, 2.26 times the number of days in hospital with a diagnosis of a circulatory disease (2.26, 95% CI: 1.06–4.81), and were at a higher risk of incident admissions (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% CI: 1.03–1.46), compared with the uninjured cohort.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children who sustain burn injury experience elevated hospital admission rates and increased length of hospital stay for diseases of the circulatory system for a prolonged period of time after burn discharge.
The Measurement of Residual Stresses Using Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Krawitz Aaron D. , Holden Thomas M. 
Published: October 2015

Residual stresses are common in engineering materials. They are elastic stresses that exist in the absence of external forces and are produced through the differential action of plastic flow, thermal contraction, and/or changes in volume created by phase transformations. Differential plastic flow can occur during the forming of a part. For example, the grinding of a surface will plastically extend a thin surface layer relative to the underlying material through frictional forces. This tends to throw the near-surface region into compression, which is balanced by a tensile stress through the bulk of the part. In such a situation, the requirements of force equilibrium lead to a rather high level of compressive stress in the near-surface region and a low level of tensile stress through the bulk. Differential thermal contraction often occurs during the nonuniform cooling of a large part, in the vicinity of welds, and between the matrix and reinforcement phases of a composite. Differential volume changes occur during the precipitation of second phases, i.e., the atomic volume of the precipitating phase generally differs from that of the host matrix. If it is larger, the second phase is placed in compression, with the matrix in tension, and vice versa.The residual stress states discussed in the previous paragraph are of two basic types: macrostress and microstress. Residual macrostresses are long-range relative to the scale of the microstructure––that is, they extend continuously across a part. Residual stresses arising from forming and joining are of this type. They generally vary with position and are extensive in nature. A plate with compressive residual stresses on the flat surfaces will deflect if the compressive region on one surface is removed. Destructive stress measurement techniques such as hole drilling or strain gauging and sectioning can be used to determine residual macrostresses.
An approach that puts the family at the centre of haemophilia care
Authors: Dunn Nicola 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Staff at the Katharine Dormandy Haemophilia Centre pioneered a systemic family therapy model for haemophilia, in which reviews combined medical care and family counselling. That approach has now been extended to specialised joint clinics such as in orthopaedics, women’s and genetic counselling. This multidisciplinary team approach enables specialist clinicians to focus on what they do best while the family therapy team manages the psychological, practical and family issues, and supports patients to make difficult decisions regarding their care.
Into the future with novel emerging therapies for haemophilia
Authors: Perry David 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Patients with haemophilia have benefited hugely from the advances in basic science achieved over the past 50 years. The introduction of clotting factor concentrates opened the door to home treatment and the subsequent availability of plasma and then recombinant products heralded the prophylaxis era. As clinicians and patients begin to manage the introduction of longer-acting factor concentrates, there are also many novel therapies and approaches in development, many of which offer the potential to transform the lives for individuals with inherited bleeding disorders and their families.
Gene therapy for haemophilia: a very modern success story
Authors: Nathwani Amit 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
AAV-mediated gene therapy has the potential to be paradigm shifting as a treatment for haemophilia. A single administration of AAV vector can result in safe and consistent long-term expression of transgene (>5 years), reduction in spontaneous bleeding episodes, reduction in clotting factor usage and an improvement in quality of life. There is huge commercial interest in this approach, with the expectation that an AAV gene therapy product for haemophilia B will be licensed by 2020.
Síndrome abdominal agudo debido a quiste infectado del mesenterio
Authors: Palacios-Acosta José Martín , Carrasquel-Valecillos Vanessa , León-Hernández Angélica , Echávez-del Riego Jaén , Castañeda-Bochm Fabián Ricardo , Hernández-Arrazola Daniel 
Published: October 2015

<p>Los quistes del mesenterio son lesiones benignas intrabdominales que crecen a expensas de los vasos linfáticos del intestino; son más frecuentes en el mesenterio ileal y muy raros en la edad pediátrica. El síndrome abdominal agudo en la edad pediátrica es difícil de definir al ser un cuadro de origen múltiple y de presentación clínica muy variada; su síntoma principal es el dolor abdominal agudo, una de las causas que con mayor frecuencia motivan consulta en el Servicio de Urgencias Pediátricas. Los quistes de mesenterio son infrecuentes, se estima que se presentan en uno de cada 100 000 ingresos por síndrome abdominal agudo en pediatría. El estudio de elección para el diagnóstico es el ultrasonido abdominal y el tratamiento óptimo es la resección completa del quiste. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con tumor abdominal ingresada para su estudio. Durante su evolución tuvo datos de irritación peritoneal por lo que se decidió realizar una laparotomía exploradora en la que se encontró un quiste del mesenterio, roto e infectado. Se efectuó hemicolectomía izquierda, lavado de cavidad y colostomía de una sola boca. A los tres meses de operada se hizo la restitución del tránsito intestinal con buenos resultados. </p>
The Correlation between Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 and Atherosclerosis (ox-LDL) in Centrally Obese Men
Authors: Ari Priscilla Dian , Susanti Ellis , Patellongi Ilhamjaya 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Obesity is closely associated with atherosclerosis. Obesity and atherosclerosis are closely associated with inflammatory disease. Atherosclerosis constitutes a multifactorial disorder affecting the arterial wall, which is initiated by dyslipidemia and excerbated by inflammation. Plasma levels of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) have been identified as risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Lp-PLA2 is the sole enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of oxidized phospholipids (oxPL) on LDL particles in atherosclerosis plaque. Plasma level of oxLDL is associated with inflammation and plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between Lp-PLA2 and atherosclerosis (oxLDL) in centrally obese men.METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 71 men with central obesity with waist circumference >90 cm, aged 30-60 years old. Lp-PLA2 measurement was done by sandwich enzyme immunoassay. oxLDL measurement was done by ELISA method. RESULTS: Results of this study showed that central obesity correlated positively with oxLDL (r=0.258; p=0.040) and Lp-PLA2 >422 ng/mL correlated positively with oxLDL (r=0.331; p=0.042).CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that there is a correlation of Lp-PLA2 with atherosclerosis (oxLDL) in men with central obesity.KEYWORDS: obesity, Lp-PLA2, oxLDL, atherosclerosis
A Simulation Model for Accurate Prediction of Uneven Proppant Distribution in the Marcellus Shale Coupled with Reservoir Geomechanics
Authors: Yang Sheng , Chen Zhangxin , Wei Yizheng , Wu Keliu , Shao Lei , Wu Wei 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Proppant distribution directly affects the effectiveness of hydraulic fracturing treatment, and significantly impact well production. In most situations, proppants are not uniformly distributed in hydraulic fractures and most proppants cannot be effectively transported into the far ends of fractures from wellbore. As a result of uneven proppant distribution and the ductile and soft geomechanical properties of the Marcellus shale, the reduction in hydraulic fracture conductivity varies greatly from cluster to cluster in a shale reservoir during reservoir pressure depletion. However, the influences of accurate prediction of uneven proppant distribution in hydraulic fractures and geomechanics on well productivity have been ignored in previous simulation studies.
In this study, a reservoir simulation model for accurate prediction of uneven proppant distribution is developed. This dual-permeability model is coupled with reservoir geomechanics to illustrate the interaction of stress changing and multiphase flow within hydraulic fractures. History matching from a production well in the Marcellus shale is performed to validate our model. In addition, simulations using different matrix permeability are performed to demonstrate the impact of matrix permeability, along with the effect of proppant distributions and geomechanical properties on well performance.
The simulation results show that gas production varies significantly due to different proppant distribution and geomechanical properties. Coupled geomechanical simulation results clearly indicate that the proppant embedding effects are also noticeable due to soft rock mechanical properties and uneven proppant distribution. This paper provides operators with a clear insight of influences of uneven proppant distribution and geomechanics on shale gas performance, optimization of a well treatment design, and an extensive view about the long-term production behavior for the Marcellus shale.
Management of Internal Corrosion Threats Can Improve Long Term Integrity of Midstream Pipelines
Authors: Hanger N. , Tossey B. , Eckert R. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Midstream pipelines moving produced fluids from shale plays are susceptible to a number of potential internal corrosion threats. Although the quality of transported commodities is governed by sales agreements between producers and pipeline operators, there are practical limitations to continually monitoring and enforcing fluid compositional parameters at exchange points. Since many midstream pipeline systems were constructed in the last five years, the integrity threat of internal corrosion has yet to have an impact on operation and maintenance costs; however, corrosion is an issue that may emerge over time. Experience from over 50 years of gathering, storage and transmission pipeline corrosion history can be applied to proactively managing internal corrosion of midstream pipelines, helping to ensure the life of the assets for decades to come.
Owners and operators of new midstream pipelines have an advantage over owners of older systems when developing a corrosion management plan. First, the fact that the pipeline system is new and has been subjected to no or few asset transfers (e.g. sold to another party), has not been rerouted, repaired, or otherwise modified from the as-installed condition, and likely has up-to-date construction and inspection records, can provide a solid foundation for baseline condition assessments. Second, these up-to-date design documents, construction records, and operating data can be used in conjunction with flow models and corrosion rate estimates to identify locations along the pipeline that may be susceptible to internal corrosion threats before pipeline wall loss occurs. These locations can then be monitored to provide early indications of internal pipe wall loss and to determine the need for corrosion mitigation.
A corrosion allowance in pipeline design is typically based on an estimated general corrosion rate at the assumed operating conditions, however; this allowance may not be sufficient to address localized corrosion mechanisms that often occur at a higher rate. In addition, actual operating conditions may change over time, as will the rate and type of internal corrosion mechanisms. The expectation that the pipeline system will not corrode beyond the design basis during the life of the asset can lead to catastrophic, unnecessary consequences and expose the operator to significant business risk if assurance measures are not in place. To reduce this risk, pipeline owners/operators can develop and implement proactive corrosion management plans that are scientifically sound, guided by industry standards and best practices, compliant with regulations, and maintained by corrosion professionals.
Refracturing Early Marcellus Producers Accesses Additional Gas
Authors: Rodvelt Gary , Ahmad Mian , Blake Austin 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Early completions in the Marcellus formation consisted of long stage sections (up to 450 ft between injection points) with few entry points in an effort to complete the wells in a timely fashion. Volumes of fluid and proppant were a function of the number of stages based on the geometric division of the wellbore. Concerns regarding stress shadowing and proppant placement outweighed formation considerations at that time. In many cases, economics were a driving factor with respect to the number of stages an operator was willing to perform. With increased equipment availability, job costs decreased and operators performed more stages per well with shorter spacing between clusters. Initial production figures confirmed the need to shorten cluster spacing and stage lengths; but, questions remained regarding the previous wells treated with longer stages and larger spacing between clusters and whether these wells still had commercial quantities of gas to be accessed.
Since November of 2013, seven wells were restimulated using a new diversion process that allowed the operator to reduce the cluster spacing. In one case, the original failure to reach total depth (TD) with casing provided an opportunity to stimulate new areas of the rock in an openhole environment. This paper details the process applied to the seven wells and confirms access to significant additional reserves based on production results. Use of an analytical production simulator confirms improvement to the productivity index (PI) and EUR30 forecast. One operator has confirmed more than 200 candidates for this refracturing process.
Comparing Strategies for Optimizing Horizontal Shale Completions by Projecting Pilot Well Measurements Across Laterals
Authors: Lili Xu , Yates Malcolm , Anifowoshe Olatunbosun , Uschner-Arroyo Natalie , Yang Yu , MacPhail Keith 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Unconventional shale-gas reservoirs are usually highly laminated with vertical and lateral heterogeneity. The elastic mechanical properties are highly anisotropic along the different orientations parallel and perpendicular to the bedding. The formation heterogeneity, elastic anisotropy, and structural complexity affect the stress field both near and far from the wellbore and thus the fracture containment, fracture initiation pressure, and breakdown pressure. A better understanding of the formation properties and in-situ stress can be achieved by an advanced logging program. Many studies have shown improved production in the lateral wells by implementing an engineered completion design using advanced sonic logs and other high-tier logs. The importance of understanding these properties in the lateral wells also raised questions including whether we can predict lateral log responses from pilot wells and whether the formation is laterally homogenous.
In this study, we compared the projected lateral logs from pilot wells with the actual lateral logs to shed insights on the important question of formation heterogeneity. Different techniques were applied including a gamma ray method and an advanced 3D near-well structural model. The 3D model took advantage of the valuable information from borehole geology interpretation of image logs such as bedding, fractures, and faults to build high-resolution near-well structures. It was then used as a framework to model the reservoir properties and far-field stress using methods including a layer-cake and a finite-element approach. The output of the model showed the lateral heterogeneity of the reservoir by comparing the lateral section with the pilot well.
The reservoir properties from these techniques described above were then incorporated and evaluated as part of the completion design workflow, which focused on both near-wellbore and far-field modeling. The results showed the benefits and limitations of each propagating modeling technique for optimizing the completion design and shed light on the realization of being able to project the pilot logs across a single horizontal well or an entire pad.
Evaluation Of The Effect Of Stress-dependent Permeability On Production Performance in Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Ali Tariq A. , Sheng James J. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
It is very important to predict well performance of unconventional reservoirs before designing a field development plan. Although these reservoirs have high initial production rates, it is common that their production performance decline faster than conventional reservoirs. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the reasons behind the reduction of production performance. One of these reasons is the increase in stress as a result of continuing production and decrease in pore pressure.
The main objective of the research presented in this paper is to model the effects of stress-dependent permeability for both hydraulic and natural fractures on the production performance of shale gas reservoirs. We generate a new stress-dependent compaction table to history match the performances of a single well in Haynesville formation. We also investigate the optimum operation conditions at which no sever reduction in production performance occurs.
The results of more than 50 simulation cases indicate that stress-dependent properties (permeability and porosity) have a significant effect on reservoir performance. The study also indicate that hydraulic fractures lose over 90% of its permeability with most of the permeability loss occurring at late time of production. The study also shows that we can delay the effect of stress-dependent properties by either increasing initial hydraulic fracture conductivity or operating wells at low drawdown pressure.
Dynamic Assessment of Induced Stresses and In-situ Stress Reorientation during Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Reddy Liliia , Jenkins Andrew , Fathi Ebrahim 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This paper has been dedicated to the optimization of multi-stage hydraulic fracturing by providing a more thorough understanding of fracture and reservoir stress behavior. This is accomplished by the use of a fully coupled fracture propagation simulator that couples fracture mechanics and fluid dynamics, unlike past studies, which observe only simple interactions. The underlying objective is to eliminate the misappropriated energy caused by inter-fracture stress interaction and stress reorientation surrounding the induced fracture network by assessing stress magnitude as a function of operation conditions.
This study is based upon an in-house numerical simulation model developed for hydraulic fracture propagation based upon the linear elastic fracture mechanic "LEFM" using finite element method. The elastic response of the 2-D solid medium and the fluid flow within the fracture is coupled to provide a more realistic depiction of these interactions. The magnitude of stress variation and reorientation is calculated in surrounding areas of simultaneous and sequential hydraulic fracturing of a horizontal well for a wide range of hydraulic fracturing propagation regimes for both homogenous and compositional models.
Our study clearly shows that there is an optimum distance between hydraulic fractures below which, the change (variation) in magnitude and orientation of stresses leads to significant change in fracture geometry and propagation rate. This has been impacted mainly through mechanical interaction that leads to higher compressive stress concentrations between fractures. The mechanical interaction becomes stronger by increasing the number of fractures or altering the fracture spacing. The effects have also been investigated in a composite reservoir model with different mechanical properties (i.e., Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio), and operational conditions, such as injection rate and volume. Mechanical properties of different layers in a composite reservoir model significantly impact the fracture geometry and propagation rate when the fracture intercepts different layer boundaries. The magnitude of change in stresses and stress reorientation is also quantified in cross sections with respect to the fracture plane as the fracture propagates.
This study provides an advanced understanding of multiple hydraulic fracturing stimulation and dynamics of fracture geometry, propagation rate and stress change in surrounding using our unique fully coupled hydraulic fracturing simulator. Moreover, it provides quantitative analysis of induced stresses and in-situ stress reorientation. The work is important for the optimization of Multi-stage hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs.