bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Search for Non-Volatile Components with Low Polarity Characterizing Tobacco Leaves Using Liquid Chromatography / Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Detector
Authors: Ishida Naoyuki 
Published: July 2015

SUMMARY
There has been focus on the components with low polarity in tobacco leaf resin due to their probable relation with taste and aroma of tobacco products, the lack of a feasible analytical method and instrument has long been an obstacle to identifying the components with low polarity. The author thereby paid attention to the analysis employing nonaqueous reversed-phase chromatography hyphenated with a photo diode array detector and an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry detector which has been considered applicable to the separation of significant but unknown non-volatile. The application succeeded in simultaneously separating, detecting and quantifying more than 100 non-volatile components with different low polarity such as solanesols, triacylglycerols, phytosterols, and chlorophylls. However, their compositional differences among various tobacco leaves still remained partial knowledge based on targeted analysis instead of global knowledge based on comprehensive analysis. No investigation searching for key components elucidating different tastes, aromas, species, cultivars, curing processes, and growing districts among tobacco leaves has been carried out so far. For this reason, all the quantification data were consolidated to form complete multidimensional matrix and were statistically processed to observe the categories and the key components of various tobacco leaves by principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis. Tobacco leaves were first classified into three categories consisting of flue-cured Virginia, air-cured leaf, and Oriental. Solanesyl esters, phytosteryl esters and solanachromene contributed to the category of flue-cured Virginia, while air-cured leaf was characterized by free phytosterols. Oriental was featured by chlorophyll in addition to the contributory components to flue-cured Virginia. Non-volatile components with low polarity seemed to be degraded during curing process and to therefore characterize the different curing processes among various tobacco leaves.
Gromov (non-)hyperbolicity of certain domains in ℂN
Authors: Nikolov Nikolai , Thomas Pascal J. , Trybuła Maria 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We prove the Gromov non-hyperbolicity with respect to the Kobayashi distance for

𝒞

1
,
1

${\mathcal{C}^{1,1}}$

-smooth convex domains
in

ℂ
2

${\mathbb{C}^{2}}$

which contain an analytic disc in the boundary or have a point of infinite type with rotation symmetry.
The same is shown for “generic” product spaces, as well as for the symmetrized polydisc and the tetrablock.
On the other hand, examples of smooth, non-pseudoconvex, Gromov hyperbolic domains in

ℂ
n

${\mathbb{C}^{n}}$

are given.
Kinetics Calculation of the Non-isothermal Reduction of Pellet
Authors: Yingli Liu , Jingsong Wang , Wentao Guo , Zeshang Dong , Qingguo Xue 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe reduction tests of pellet were carried out from room temperature to 1,373 K in the condition of traditional blast furnace (TBF) and oxygen blast furnace (OBF) by thermogravimeter measurement. The apparent activation energyE, pre-exponential factorAand the controlling steps of reaction were determined by the non-isothermal method of Coats–Redfern. In the condition of TBF, the reduction is controlled by solid diffusion to interfacial chemical reaction at initial stage, and gas diffusion at final stage. In the condition of OBF, the controlling step switched from solid diffusion to gas diffusion + interfacial chemical reaction in the beginning and the interfacial chemical reaction at the late stage. Meanwhile, the transition temperature points of the controlling step were predicted. The transition temperatures are 750℃ and 900℃ in TBF and 630℃ (earlier 120℃ than in TBF) and 900℃ (after the insulation) in OBF.
Non-overlapping Generation Species: Complex Prey–Predator Interactions
Authors: Gkana Amalia , Zachilas Loukas 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper we study a prey–predator dynamical system suitable for species having no overlap between successive generations. Assuming that population evolves in discrete-time steps we investigate the prey refuge effect on prey–predator interactions. Stability analysis is applied in order to investigate the local stability properties of the fixed points of our modified model. Numerical simulation tools, such as parametric basins of attraction, phase plots, bifurcation and Lyapunov exponent diagrams are used in order to study further the complex dynamics of the system. It is shown that our modified prey–predator model exhibits a wider array of dynamics than its continuous counterpart. Adding an average refuge destabilizes the prey–predator interactions via a supercritical Neimark–Sacker bifurcation and several period-doubling bifurcations. Finally, the addition of a large refuge exhibits random-like dynamics leading to outbreaks in the prey population density. We show that reproduction in certain intervals is important and should be taken into account since it could help in the identification of insect pest population outbreaks.
Social mobility in China and Britain: a comparative study
Authors: Li Yaojun , Zhang Shun , Kong Jianxun 
Published: July 2015

Abstract:This paper looks at social mobility in China and Britain. It explores whether the rapid economic development in China in the last thirty years has brought its mobility closer to that in Britain. It also examines the effects of China’s household registration system (hukou) on people’s mobility chances. Using national representative surveys in the two countries, we found a convergence in total mobility in the two countries but higher levels of inequality in China in terms of relative mobility. Chinese women faced the greatest disadvantages. The prime driver for social inequality in China was the hukou system. Rural people in China had very limited opportunities for education but even those who had similar levels of education were still very much hampered by the hukou penalty in trying to gain access to advantaged positions. Both societies are highly unequal but China has an additional barrier.
Treatment of central precocious puberty and early puberty with GnRH analog in girls with Williams-Beuren syndrome
Authors: Spielmann Sarah , Partsch Carl Joachim , Gosch Angela , Pankau Rainer 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLittle has been published on treatment of precocious puberty in girls with Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), a condition occurring frequently in this group. We analyzed our own data on growth/age at menarche of now adult female patients with WBS being diagnosed with central precocious puberty or early puberty. Data of patients treated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) analog (n=13) were compared with those not treated (control group, n=11).Longitudinal data on the somatic development of 24 now adult female patients were analyzed.Medium final height was 157.2±6.5 cm compared to 151.4±5.6 cm in the control group. No significant difference could be found in the discrepancy of genetic target height and final height. Prepubertally girls were normal weight in both groups; in adulthood the majority of patients were overweight/obese. Menarche commenced 11 months after cessation of therapy.As already known from other studies, hormonal suppression via GnRH analog was well tolerated.
Kadavu Island: adaptation and stagnation in the Fijian periphery
Authors: Sofer Michael 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The outer island of Kadavu is representative of the Fijian periphery. This paper deals with its physical characteristics, infrastructural conditions, and village economic activities with the aim of understanding the changes it has gone through in recent years. A combination of micro-geographic studies in two villages and a meso-geographical analysis show that the pattern of development found in Kadavu in the early 1980s has not changed much. The current pattern of cash crop production and trade is almost entirely dependent on the kava beverage crop, infrastructure is underdeveloped, the island suffers from the peripheral penalty phenomenon, and government initiatives aimed at changing the trend are very limited. However, the current form of non-capitalist production and its derived benefit has forced villagers into a strategy of adaptation which might actually be preferable for them under the current conditions of peripheralization.
Natural capital as a factor in regional competitiveness
Authors: Kasztelan Armand 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Environmental resources and values (natural capital) should be seen as a key factor in regional competitiveness. However, little attention has been paid so far to the role of natural capital in the process of achieving competitive advantage from the territorial perspective. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to present the results of a study on the environmental competitiveness of Polish regions. The author’s contribution to the theory is the use of taxonomic metrics for research purposes. Based on certain predefined criteria the environmental potential of each voivodship was assessed in 2004 and 2012. For research purposes, 26 indicators of state, pressure, and environmental protection were proposed. Owing to the fact that the subset of diagnostic variables (indicators) contained elements that could not be directly aggregated, their unification was achieved using standardization formulas. The methodology proposed by the author might be used to assess environmental competitiveness in different regions or countries. The results of the performed analyses indicated that the Subcarpathian province scored highest in terms of environmental competitiveness, while Swiętokrzyskie province scored lowest.
A Mathematical Analysis of Domestic Terrorist Activity in the Years of Lead in Italy
Authors: Marcovina Marco , Pellero Bruno 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe data-set of the casualties of terrorist attacks in the Years of Lead in Italy is analyzed in order to empirically test theoretical open issues about terrorist activity. The first is whether Richardson’s law holds true when the scale is narrowed down from global to only one epoch of domestic terrorism in a single country. It is found that the power law is a plausible model. Then, the distribution of the inter-arrival times between two consecutive strikes is investigated, finding (weaker) indications that also for this parameter a power law is a plausible model and that this is the result of non-stationary dynamics of terrorist activity. The implications of this finding on the models available today for explaining a power law in the severity of attacks are then discussed. The paper also highlights the counter-intuitive implications that a power law distribution of the waiting times has for a State inferring the time to the next strike from the observation of the time already elapsed since the previous one. Further, it is shown how the analysis of the inter-arrival times provides estimates about the temporal evolution of terrorist strength that can help discriminating among competing hypotheses derived from qualitative analysis. Finally, a simplified mathematical model of the policy decision-making process is constructed to show how the nature of power laws biases the prioritizing of the policy agenda and the consequent allocation of resources to concurring issues. It is shown how the bias causes systematical relative underfunding of policy issues whose severity follows a power law distribution and that this trend is likely to persist until a major event will reverse the behavior of the decision-maker, then causing relative overfunding.
The concept of radiation-enhanced stem cell differentiation
Authors: Mieloch Adam A. , Suchorska Wiktoria M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background. Efficient stem cell differentiation is considered to be the holy grail of regenerative medicine. Pursuing the most productive method of directed differentiation has been the subject of numerous studies, resulting in the development of many effective protocols. However, the necessity for further improvement in differentiation efficiency remains. This review contains a description of molecular processes underlying the response of stem cells to ionizing radiation, indicating its potential application in differentiation procedures. In the first part, the radiation-induced damage response in various types of stem cells is described. Second, the role of the p53 protein in embryonic and adult stem cells is highlighted. Last, the hypothesis on the mitochondrial involvement in stem cell development including its response to ionizing radiation is presented.

Conclusions. In summary, despite the many threats of ionizing radiation concerning genomic instability, subjecting cells to the appropriate dosage of ionizing radiation may become a useful method for enhancing directed differentiation in certain stem cell types.
Youth Labour Flows and Unemployment in Great Recession: Comparing Spain and the Czech Republic
Authors: Flek Vladislav , Mysíková Martina 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Using Spain and the Czech Republic as examples of two EU countries with different labour market performance, we apply a gross flow analysis based on EU-SILC longitudinal data. We find that while in Spain the increases in youth unemployment are driven mostly by young people who lose their jobs, in the Czech Republic, this is mainly due to new labour market entrants who failed to find a job. The analysis of flow transition rates suggests that youth labour markets with enormously high unemployment rates have not failed in all relevant respects. Their development seems to be hindered predominantly by high risk of job losses and diminishing employment prospects of the unemployed, rather than by impeded transitions from inactivity to employment. In countries with lower youth unemployment rates, unemployment policy agenda appears to be challenged by quite the opposite tendency
Measuring Inefficiency of the Czech Labour Market
Authors: Němec Daniel 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper aims to quantify the performance of the Czech regional labour markets and to reveal the most influential economic factors standing behind its dynamics in the last fifteen years. Investigated labour markets are described using matching function approach. The successful matches are treated as an output of production process, where the unemployed are paired with vacancies. Efficiency of this matching process plays an important role in determining unemployment outflows. Using stochastic frontier model approach, dynamics of quantified efficiency terms is revealed and differences among regions are evaluated. The model specification includes a fixed effect term, where individual effect terms and inefficiency terms are estimated jointly. The stochastic frontier is estimated using monthly and quarterly regional panel data of 77 districts for the period 1999-2014. Matching efficiency of the Czech regional labour markets is negatively influenced people who have been unemployed for a long time and by the unemployed aged over 50 years. Although all districts were able to operate at their stochastic frontiers of matching, an upward trend in the inefficiency has been found within the investigated period. These tendencies are accompanied by rising disparities among the regions. Low levels of estimated matching inefficiency do not necessary mean the low unemployment in the corresponding districts.
Dire l’indicible et décrire l’indescriptible: Ressources imagières et linguistiques des poilus
Authors: Kiviniemi Anne-Laure 
Published: July 2015

RésuméCet article étudie et confronte les usages que font quatre soldats aux profils scolaires différents des ressources imagières et linguistiques pour exprimer l’inexprimable. Il s’agira de déterminer si leurs utilisations des mots et de l’image attestent d’une “déchirure du pouvoir d’expression” (Balibar 1985: 406) entre bénéficiaires de l’instruction primaire et bénéficiaires de l’instruction secondaire. L’usage concurrent, synergique ou fusionnel des deux systèmes sémiotiques sera étudié via une analyse stylistico-pragmatique. Seront passées en revue les manières dont les soldats parviennent à imager les dires et dire les images, dire en images ou dire avec l’image, donner du sens aux mots ou changer le sens des mots à travers leur image.
What is the proper characterization of the alphabet? VII: Sleight of hand
Authors: Watt W. C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOur signs are what we make them. To convey what they mean they must be interpreted, and how they’re interpreted depends partly on what form they take, misleading or otherwise. So the means by which we realize our interior signs into the exterior world must retain a perennial interest, because we can achieve such realizations only via our physiology, which affects our signs’ forms. Our mouths affect our spoken signs; our writing hands affect our written signs. (How could it be otherwise? Both tongues and fingers have limitations.) So a close look at how our writing hands realize our signs on the paper promises to be a good candidate for extending our understanding of how we physically realize our signs, and of how this both binds and frees us.
Da compaixão à inocência: Nietzsche e Schopenhauer em torno da questão do egoísmo
Authors: Oliveira Jelson Roberto de 
Published: July 2015

Pretende-se demonstrar nesse trabalho como Nietzsche formula, nos escritos que formam o segundo período de sua produção filosófica, uma crítica à moral da compaixão proposta por Schopenhauer. Para isso, far-se-á uma revisão das teses schopenhaurianas segundo as quais o egoísmo é o motivo antimoral por excelência e, contrariamente, o altruísmo é a base legítima da moralidade. Analisar-se-á, também, o procedimento usado por Nietzsche para, de um lado, criticar esse ideal e, de outro, chegar à inocência como principal resultado de seu programa filosófico.
O trabalho do impróprio e os afetos da flexibilização
Authors: Safatle Vladimir Pinheiro 
Published: July 2015

Trata-se de discutir a centralidade do trabalho como categoria de reconhecimento através da problematização de sua natureza disciplinar. Isto nos levará a um duplo movimento: primeiro, a categoria de trabalho em Marx será relida à luz não apenas da temática da espoliação econômica da mais-valia, mas também da espoliação psíquica das relações de estranhamento (unheimlichkeit) entre sujeito e objeto; segundo, as modificações recentes no mundo do trabalho e as modalidades de sofrimento psíquico a elas associadas serão interpretadas a partir do impacto social de tal forma de espoliação.
Percepción del paciente quirúrgico acerca de la seguridad en el ámbito hospitalario
Authors: Meléndez Méndez Concepción , Garza Hernández Rosalinda , Castañeda-Hidalgo Hortensia , González Salinas J. Fernanda , Turrubiates Pérez Juana 
Published: July 2015

<p><strong>Introducción:</strong> La construcción de lazos entre los pacientes y los profesionales de la salud después de la presentación de un evento tiene importancia crítica. El Foro Nacional para la Calidad recientemente publicó en su reporte (2010), “Prácticas Seguras para una Mejor Atención en Salud”, recomendando, que el paciente debe recibir información oportuna, transparente y clara en relación con lo que se refiere al evento adverso. Objetivos: Determinar la percepción de seguridad que tienen los pacientes con la atención de la salud, identificar el número de pacientes que refieran haber sufrido un error y las respuestas a las preguntas de cómo se resolvió el error durante su hospitalización el servicio de cirugía de un hospital de seguridad social. <strong>Materiales y Métodos: </strong>Diseño descriptivo, población 127 pacientes hospitalizados en el servicio de cirugía, que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. <strong>Resultados y Discusión:</strong> La media de percepción fue de 40.77 con una (DE=8.37). Los errores que refirieron los pacientes fueron: Infección 7.1 %, 4.75 % reacción alérgica, 10.2 % intervenido por segunda ocasión y 100% de los pacientes contestaron no haberse caído. El 1.6% (2) estuvo completamente de acuerdo al preguntarles si se resolvió satisfactoriamente el error, el 3.1% mencionó que el error se resolvió rápido, 1.6% (2) mencionó estar completamente de acuerdo referente a la información recibida acerca del error. El 2.4% (3) de los pacientes contestaron en desacuerdo respecto a la información de si se tomarían medidas para evitar que el error se volviera a presentar. <strong>Conclusiones:</strong> La mayoría de los pacientes refirieron percibirse seguros durante su hospitalización, un porcentaje menor mencionó haber tenido incidentes y al preguntarles sobre si se habían sentido seguros durante su estancia hospitalaria la mayoría dijo haberse sentido bastantes seguros.</p><p><strong><em>Cómo citar este artículo:</em></strong><em> Meléndez C, Garza R, Castañeda-Hidalgo H, González JF, Turrubiates J</em><em>. </em><em>Percepción del paciente quirúrgico acerca de la seguridad en el ámbito hospitalario.<strong> </strong></em><em>Rev Cuid. 2015; 6(2): 1054-61.</em><em> </em><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i2.165">http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i2.165</a></span></em><em></em></p>
Prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en unidades educativas de Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela
Authors: Nastasi Miranda José Antonio 
Published: July 2015

<p><strong>Introducción:</strong> Las parasitosis intestinales a nivel mundial son un problema de salud pública que afecta a los países en las zonas tropicales. Un grupo muy vulnerable a padecer este tipo de infección son los niños. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la prevalencia general de parásitos intestinales en las Unidades Educativas de Ciudad Bolívar, entre los años 2009 - 2013. <strong>Materiales y Métodos:</strong> Fueron obtenidos los trabajos de grado sobre el tema del Departamento de Parasitología y Microbiología y así se recolectaron datos sobre edad, sexo, tipo de parasito, especies y asociaciones parasitarias y poder calcular así dicha prevalencia general. <strong>Resultados:</strong> Se encontró una prevalencia general de 63,1% sin predilección por la edad o sexo. Los tipos de parásitos más prevalentes fueron los protozoarios con 83,5%. Las especies más prevalentes fueron Blastocystis spp con 39,7%, Entamoeba coli con 15,3%, y Giardia intestinalis con 13,4%. Las asociaciones parasitarias más frecuentes Blastocystis spp con Endolimax nana (21,1%) y Blastocystis spp con Entamoeba coli. (7,4%). <strong>Discusión:</strong> Los resultados de este estudio guardan relación con estudios realizados a nivel nacional como internacional, con respecto a las prevalencias de parasitosis, el predominio de protozoarios sobre helmintos en los últimos años, y la indistinción de la infección parasitaria con respecto al género. <strong>Conclusiones:</strong> La prevalencia aquí estudiada a manera general es alta, se recomienda seguir haciendo este tipo de estudios en escuelas para denotar el impacto de estas infecciones en niños y la consecuencia que esto conlleva. </p><p><strong><em>Cómo citar este artículo:</em></strong><em> Nastasi JA</em><em>. </em><em>Prevalencia de parasitosis intestinales en unidades educativas de Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela.<strong> </strong></em><em>Rev Cuid. 2015; 6(2):1077-84.</em><em> </em><em><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i2.181">http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v6i2.181</a></span></em><em></em></p>