bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missing in the youth development literature: The organization as host, cage, and promise
Authors: Roholt Ross VeLure , Baizerman Michael , Rana Sheetal , Korum Kathy 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGood, high‐quality youth development programs require effective youth organizations. While youth organizations are commonly understood as valuable and supportive of healthy youth development, attention and focus on youth organizations in both scholarship and practice are missing within the youth development field. The authors advocate for a more distinct and clearer focus on youth organizations to foster positive youth development.
Rehabilitation Following Hand Transplantation
Authors: Bueno Ericka , Benjamin Marie-Jose , Sisk Geoffroy , Sampson Christian E. , Carty Matthew , Pribaz Julian J. , Pomahac Bohdan , Talbot Simon G. 
Published: October 2013

Background Hand allotransplantation can restore motor, sensory and cosmetic functions to upper extremity amputees. Over 70 hand transplant operations have been performed worldwide, but there is little published regarding post-hand transplant rehabilitation. Methods The Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) Hand Transplantation Team's post-hand transplant rehabilitation protocol is presented here. The protocol must be modified to address each transplant recipient's unique needs. It builds on universally used modalities of hand rehabilitation such as splinting, edema and scar management, range of motion exercises, activities of daily living training, electrical stimulation, cognitive training and strengthening. Results The BWH hand transplant rehabilitation protocol consists of four phases with distinct goals, frequency, and modalities. (1) Pre-operative: functional assessments are completed and goals and expectations of transplantation are established. (2) Initial post-operative (post-operative weeks 1–2): hand protection, minimization of swelling, education, and discharge. (3) Intermediate (post-operative weeks 2–8): therapy aims to prevent and/or decrease scar adhesion, increase tensile strength, flexibility and function, and prevent joint contractures. (4) Late (from 8 weeks forward): maximization of function and strength, and transition to routine activities. The frequency of rehabilitation therapy decreases gradually from the initial to late phases. Conclusions Rehabilitation therapy after hand transplantation follows a progressive increase in activity in parallel with wound healing and nerve regeneration. Careful documentation of progress and outcomes is essential to demonstrate the utility of interventions and to optimize therapy protocols.
Detection of hepatitis B virus in the cerumen of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Eftekharian A , Moghaddasi H , Gachkar L , Amlashi S S A 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjective:To investigate hepatitis B virus DNA in the cerumen of hepatitis B virus infected patients.Methods:This study comprised 30 confirmed cases of chronic hepatitis B. Patients' serum samples were examined for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibodies using enzyme immunoassay systems. The presence of hepatitis B virus DNA in cerumen was investigated using a polymerase chain reaction test.Results:All of the samples were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and negative for hepatitis B surface antibodies. Hepatitis virus DNA was detected in two cerumen samples (6.6 per cent of patients).Conclusion:Cerumen can be a potential source of transmission of hepatitis B virus.
Habitat of the Vulnerable Formosan sambar deerRusa unicolor swinhoiiin Taiwan
Authors: Yen Shih-Ching , Wang Ying , Ou Heng-You 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe sambar deerRusa unicoloris categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List because of continuous population decline across its native range. In Taiwan the Formosan sambar deerR. unicolor swinhoiiis listed as a protected species under the Wildlife Conservation Act because of human overexploitation. However, its population status remains unclear. We used presence and absence data from line transect and camera-trap surveys to identify key habitat variables and to map potential habitats available to this subspecies in Taiwan. We applied five habitat-suitability models: logistic regression, discriminant analysis, ecological-niche factor analysis, genetic algorithm for rule-set production, and maximum entropy. We then combined the results of all five models into an ensemble-forecasting model to facilitate a more robust prediction. This model indicated the existence of 7,865 km2of suitable habitat for the sambar deer. Distance from roads and elevation were identified as the most important environmental variables for habitat suitability, and deer preferred areas far from roads and > 1,500 m altitude. The results predicted that suitable deer habitat is mainly located in Taiwan's Central Mountain Range and Xue Mountain Range, with c. 70% of this suitable habitat in protected areas. However, the habitat predicted to be suitable is in five areas separated by mountain highways. We recommend that deer habitats close to the highways should be monitored for the future establishment of corridors between Formosan sambar deer sub-populations.
Effects of different sampling scales and selection criteria on modelling net primary productivity of Indonesian tropical forests
Authors: GMUR STEPHAN J. , VOGT DANIEL J. , VOGT KRISTIINA A. , SUNTANA ASEP S. 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThe availability of spatial data sourced from either field-derived or satellite-based systems has created new opportunities to estimate and/or monitor changes in carbon sequestration rates, climate change impacts or the potential habitat alterations occurring across large landscapes. However, an effort to create models is not standardized, in part, due to different needs and data sources available for the models. For example, data may have different spatial resolutions with varying degrees of complexity in regards to inputs and statistical methods. This study determines effects of 20, 15, 10, five and one km sampling resolutions on detection of changes in net primary productivity (NPP), occupancy selection criteria for areas to be included in the sample and identification of significant variables impacting NPP in Indonesia forests. Production forest designated for selective harvest was used to define the sampling areas. Variances explained by predictive models were similar across cell sizes although relative importance of variables was different. Partial dependence plots were used to search for potential thresholds or tipping points of NPP change as affected by an independent variable such as minimum daytime temperature. Applying different cell occupancy selection rules significantly changed the overall distribution of NPP values. The magnitude of those changes within a cell size varied with changes in cell size. The mean estimated NPP for production forests across Indonesia differed significantly at every sampling resolution and occupancy selection criteria. Lows ranged from 1.107 to 1.121 kg C m−2yr−1for the 1-km cell size for the three occupancy selection criteria with highs ranging from 1.245 to 1.189 kg C m−2yr−1for the 20-km cell size. The difference in NPP values between these two cell sizes for the three occupancy selection criteria extrapolates to a range in annual biomass of 132 × 106to 66 × 106t for the total area of production forests in Indonesia.
Seasonal microbial community dynamics correlate with phytoplankton-derived polysaccharides in surface coastal waters
Authors: Taylor Joe D , Cottingham Samuel D , Billinge Jack , Cunliffe Michael 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Phytoplankton produce large amounts of polysaccharide gel material known as transparent exopolymer particles (TEP). We investigated the potential links between phytoplankton-derived TEP and microbial community structure in the sea surface microlayer and underlying water at the English Channel time-series station L4 during a spring diatom bloom, and in two adjacent estuaries. Major changes in bacterioneuston and bacterioplankton community structure occurred after the peak of the spring bloom at L4, and coincided with the significant decline of microlayer and water column TEP. Increased abundance of Flavobacteriales and Rhodobacterales in bacterioneuston and bacterioplankton communities at L4 was significantly related to the TEP decline, indicating that both taxa could be responsible. The results suggest that TEP is an important factor in determining microbial diversity in coastal waters, and that TEP utilisation could be a niche occupied by Flavobacteriales and Rhodobacterales.
Back-scatter based whispering gallery mode sensing
Authors: Knittel Joachim , Swaim Jon D. , McAuslan David L. , Brawley George A. , Bowen Warwick P. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWhispering gallery mode biosensors allow selective unlabelled detection of single proteins and, combined with quantum limited sensitivity, the possibility for noninvasive real-time observation of motor molecule motion. However, to date technical noise sources, most particularly low frequency laser noise, have constrained such applications. Here we introduce a new technique for whispering gallery mode sensing based on direct detection of back-scattered light. This experimentally straightforward technique is immune to frequency noise in principle and further, acts to suppress thermorefractive noise. We demonstrate 27 dB of frequency noise suppression, eliminating frequency noise as a source of sensitivity degradation and allowing an absolute frequency shift sensitivity of 76 kHz. Our results open a new pathway towards single molecule biophysics experiments and ultrasensitive biosensors.
Finite element differential forms on cubical meshes
Authors: Arnold Douglas , Awanou Gerard 
Published: October 2013

We develop a family of finite element spaces of differential forms defined on cubical meshes in any number of dimensions. The family contains elements of all polynomial degrees and all form degrees. In two dimensions, these include the serendipity finite elements and the rectangular BDM elements. In three dimensions they include a recent generalization of the serendipity spaces, and new

H
(

c
u
r
l

)

H(\mathrm {curl})

and

H
(

d
i
v

)

H(\mathrm {div})

finite element spaces. Spaces in the family can be combined to give finite element subcomplexes of the de Rham complex which satisfy the basic hypotheses of the finite element exterior calculus, and hence can be used for stable discretization of a variety of problems. The construction and properties of the spaces are established in a uniform manner using finite element exterior calculus.
MFCompress: a compression tool for FASTA and multi-FASTA data
Authors: Pinho Armando J. , Pratas Diogo 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Motivation: The data deluge phenomenon is becoming a serious problem in most genomic centers. To alleviate it, general purpose tools, such as gzip, are used to compress the data. However, although pervasive and easy to use, these tools fall short when the intention is to reduce as much as possible the data, for example, for medium- and long-term storage. A number of algorithms have been proposed for the compression of genomics data, but unfortunately only a few of them have been made available as usable and reliable compression tools.
Results: In this article, we describe one such tool, MFCompress, specially designed for the compression of FASTA and multi-FASTA files. In comparison to gzip and applied to multi-FASTA files, MFCompress can provide additional average compression gains of almost 50%, i.e. it potentially doubles the available storage, although at the cost of some more computation time. On highly redundant datasets, and in comparison with gzip, 8-fold size reductions have been obtained.
Availability: Both source code and binaries for several operating systems are freely available for non-commercial use at http://bioinformatics.ua.pt/software/mfcompress/.
Contact: ap@ua.pt
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Employment Effects of Credit Market Disruptions: Firm-level Evidence from the 2008–9 Financial Crisis
*
Authors: Chodorow-Reich Gabriel 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This article investigates the effect of bank lending frictions on employment outcomes. I construct a new data set that combines information on banking relationships and employment at 2,000 nonfinancial firms during the 2008–9 crisis. The article first verifies empirically the importance of banking relationships, which imply a cost to borrowers who switch lenders. I then use the dispersion in lender health following the Lehman crisis as a source of exogenous variation in the availability of credit to borrowers. I find that credit matters. Firms that had precrisis relationships with less healthy lenders had a lower likelihood of obtaining a loan following the Lehman bankruptcy, paid a higher interest rate if they did borrow, and reduced employment by more compared to precrisis clients of healthier lenders. Consistent with frictions deriving from asymmetric information, the effects vary by firm type. Lender health has an economically and statistically significant effect on employment at small and medium firms, but the data cannot reject the hypothesis of no effect at the largest or most transparent firms. Abstracting from general equilibrium effects, I find that the withdrawal of credit accounts for between one-third and one-half of the employment decline at small and medium firms in the sample in the year following the Lehman bankruptcy.
The M6-C Cervical Disk Prosthesis
Authors: Thomas Sam , Willems Karel , Van den Daelen Luc , Linden Patrick , Ciocci Maria-Cristina , Bocher Philippe 
Published: October 2013

Study Design:
Retrospective study.

Objective:
To determine the short-term clinical succesrate of the M6-C cervical disk prosthesis in primary and secondary surgery.

Summary of Background Data:
Cervical disk arthroplasty (CDA) provides an alternative to anterior cervical decompression and fusion for the treatment of spondylotic radiculopathy or myelopathy. The prevention of adjacent segment disease (ASD), a possible complication of anterior cervical decompression and fusion, is its most cited—although unproven—benefit. Unlike older arthroplasty devices that rely on a ball-and-socket–type design, the M6-C cervical disk prosthesis represents a new generation of unconstrained implants, developed to achieve better restoration of natural segmental biomechanics. This device should therefore optimize clinical performance of CDA and reduce ASD.

Materials and Methods:
All patients had preoperative computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging and postoperative x-rays. Clinical outcome was assessed using the Neck Disability Index, a Visual Analog Scale, and the SF-36 questionnaire. Patients were asked about overall satisfaction and whether they would have the surgery again.

Results:
Thirty-three patients were evaluated 17.1 months after surgery, on average. Nine patients had a history of cervical interventions. Results for Neck Disability Index, Visual Analog Scale, and SF-36 were significantly better among patients who had undergone primary surgery. In this group, 87.5% of patients reported a good or excellent result and 91.7% would have the procedure again. In contrast, all 4 device-related complications occurred in the small group of patients who had secondary surgery.

Conclusions:
The M6-C prosthesis appears to be a valuable addition to the CDA armatorium. It generates very good results in patients undergoing primary surgery, although its use in secondary surgery should be avoided. Longer follow-up is needed to determine to what measure this device can prevent ASD.
Pedicle Screw Fluid Sign
Authors: Kimura Hiroaki , Shikata Jitsuhiko , Odate Seiichi , Soeda Tsunemitsu 
Published: October 2013

Study Design:
A single-center case-referent study.

Objective:
To assess whether the “pedicle screw (PS) fluid sign” on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to diagnose deep surgical site infection (SSI) after posterior spinal instrumentation (PSI).

Summary of Background Data:
MRI is a useful tool for the early diagnosis of a deep SSI. However, the diagnosis is frequently difficult with feverish patients with clear wounds after PSI because of artifacts from the metallic implants. There are no reports on MRI findings that are specific to a deep SSI after PSI. We found that fluid collection outside the head of the PS on an axial MRI scan (PS fluid sign) strongly suggested the possibility of an abscess.

Methods:
The SSI group comprised 17 patients with a deep SSI after posterior lumbar spinal instrumentation who had undergone an MRI examination at the onset of the SSI. The non-SSI group comprised 64 patients who had undergone posterior lumbar spinal instrumentation who did not develop an SSI and had an MRI examination within 4 weeks after surgery. The frequency of a positive PS fluid sign was compared between both groups.

Results:
The PS fluid sign had a sensitivity of 88.2%, specificity of 89.1%, positive predictive value of 68.1%, and negative predictive value of 96.6%. The 2 patients with a false-negative PS fluid sign in the SSI group had an infection at the disk into which the interbody cage had been inserted. Three of the 7 patients with a false-positive PS fluid sign in the non-SSI group had a dural tear during surgery.

Conclusions:
The PS fluid sign is a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of a deep SSI. The PS fluid sign is especially useful for diagnosing a deep SSI in difficult cases, such as feverish patients without wound discharge.
Iron Requirements of Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Domellöf Magnus , Braegger Christian , Campoy Cristina , Colomb Virginie , Decsi Tamas , Fewtrell Mary , Hojsak Iva , Mihatsch Walter , Molgaard Christian , Shamir Raanan , Turck Dominique , van Goudoever Johannes 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTIron deficiency (ID) is the most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide and young children are a special risk group because their rapid growth leads to high iron requirements. Risk factors associated with a higher prevalence of ID anemia (IDA) include low birth weight, high cow's‐milk intake, low intake of iron‐rich complementary foods, low socioeconomic status, and immigrant status. The aim of this position paper was to review the field and provide recommendations regarding iron requirements in infants and toddlers, including those of moderately or marginally low birth weight. There is no evidence that iron supplementation of pregnant women improves iron status in their offspring in a European setting. Delayed cord clamping reduces the risk of ID. There is insufficient evidence to support general iron supplementation of healthy European infants and toddlers of normal birth weight. Formula‐fed infants up to 6 months of age should receive iron‐fortified infant formula, with an iron content of 4 to 8 mg/L (0.6–1.2 mg · kg−1 · day−1). Marginally low‐birth‐weight infants (2000–2500 g) should receive iron supplements of 1–2 mg · kg−1 · day−1. Follow‐on formulas should be iron‐fortified; however, there is not enough evidence to determine the optimal iron concentration in follow‐on formula. From the age of 6 months, all infants and toddlers should receive iron‐rich (complementary) foods, including meat products and/or iron‐fortified foods. Unmodified cow's milk should not be fed as the main milk drink to infants before the age of 12 months and intake should be limited to <500 mL/day in toddlers. It is important to ensure that this dietary advice reaches high‐risk groups such as socioeconomically disadvantaged families and immigrant families.
A new equation proposed for evaluation of IR drop on buried pipelines
Authors: Naderi Esmaeel , Hadi Moayed Mohammad , Rahman Mohsen 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– In this investigation, attempts were made to distinguish critical coating faults in order of repair priority in DCVG+CIPS survey data by new proposed equation for calculating IR drop. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– DCVG+CIPS, XRD, EDS.

Findings
– A new empirical equation was developed which is able to predict the importance more precisely. Besides, the studies proved the corrosion products were mainly hematite and goethite, and the presence of Cl anions was not noticed. As a result, the corrosion attack had a form of non-uniform localized corrosion.

Originality/value
– The values were gathered by DCVG+CIPS method of survey.
Innovative ways for information transfer in biobanking
Authors: Macheiner Tanja , Huppertz Berthold , Sargsyan Karine 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– Biobanks are collections of biological samples (e.g. tissue samples and body fluids) and their associated data intended for various approaches in medical research. The field of biobanking evolves rapidly as an interdisciplinary branch of research and requires educational efforts to provide skilled experts in Europe and beyond. New ways in research and research education play a pivotal role in the future of biobanking.

Design/methodology/approach
– The increasing of requests and potential uses of biospecimens from biobanks necessitates an international and national intensified transfer of forward looking knowledge and know-how. In Austria, this could be realized by special trainings as well as a postgraduate education. Furthermore, the forward looking research and further development of infrastructure will play a pivotal role in biobanks in the future.

Findings
– Few opportunities are available for specific education on biobanking in Europe. This could be remedied by the creation networks of ISO-certified biobanks and co-operation with interested parties.

Research limitations/implications
– The current research focuses on the situation of information transfer in the field of biobanking in Europe. A wider investigation in better harmonization and standardization of methods in other parts of the world would be beneficial.

Originality/value
– The value of biomolecular resources such as biobanks has previously been discussed in detail, e.g. by the Time magazine. The paper focuses on demonstrating the importance for education in the future of biobanking in general.