bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The heritage Spanish phonetic/phonological system: Looking back and moving forward
Authors: Rao Rajiv , Ronquest Rebecca 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper overviews what we currently know about the phonetics/phonology of heritage speakers of Spanish based on previous research on this topic, and also provides suggestions for future directions to pursue, as inspired by previous work on heritage Spanish, adult learners of Spanish, native Spanish, and other heritage languages. Specifically, we examine the past and future of heritage Spanish phonetics/phonology at both the segmental (i.e., consonants and vowels) and suprasegmental (i.e., intonation, rhythm, stress) levels in terms of how this part of heritage Spanish grammars differs from that of other Spanish-speaking populations. Finally, we discuss a series of methodological factors to consider as investigators continue to advance this area of linguistic inquiry.
Application of Disciplinary Penalties
Authors: Stoicu Mihaela Narcisa , Berlingher Remus Daniel , Creţ Daniela Cristina 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Each branch of law acknowledges a specific form of liability. Therefore there are several forms of liability: disciplinary, civil, criminal, etc. These forms of legal liability are characterized by specific conditions of substance and form (way of establishment, embodiments, etc.). Therefore, the commission of an infringement determines the intervention of legal liability and the application of penalties. The penalty is a means to materialize liability and it will take its shape. In this scientific approach we intend to analyze the application of disciplinary penalties to civil servants.
Human Capital - The Effects of Education on Economic Growth Within the European Union
Authors: Pribac Loredana , Anghelina Andrei 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Human capital has an impact on economic growth by several channels. This study presents a conceptual research model that we built starting from the economic increase models which explain the way in which the revenue per inhabitant was created taking into account mechanisms, channels and influence factors. I applied this model to the member states of the European Union and the results obtained confirmed the existence of some positive effects of human capital - expressed through education - on economic growth.
NMR and Impedance Spectroscopy Studies on Lithium Ion Diffusion in Microcrystallineγ-LiAlO2
Authors: Witt Elena , Nakhal Suliman , Chandran C. Vinod , Lerch Martin , Heitjans Paul 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this work nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and impedance spectroscopy (IS) studies on Li ion dynamics in microcrystallineγ-LiAlO2are presented. The sample was prepared by solid state synthesis between Li2CO3and Al2O3in air, followed by a quenching procedure. The presence of phase-pureγ-LiAlO2was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction including Rietveld refinement. Further structural characterization was done with6Li,7Li and27Al NMR. Several NMR techniques such as spin-lattice relaxation measurements, motional narrowing experiments, as well as spin-alignment echo were employed for the investigation of Li ion diffusion. The measurements were carried out at high temperatures (up to 970 K) in order to access the regime of Li ion motion being very slow. The dc conductivities measured by IS in the temperature range from 680 K to 870 K were converted to diffusion coefficients being compatible with those obtained by NMR.
Incidence, Trends, and Survival of Children With Embryonal Tumors
Authors: Tulla M. , Berthold F. , Graf N. , Rutkowski S. , von Schweinitz D. , Spix C. , Kaatsch P. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND:
Central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS embryonal tumors occur principally in children and are rarely seen in adults. The incidence rates for rare entities such as atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) or primitive neuroectodermal tumors in the CNS are rarely published. Incidence rates for certain subgroups, such as hepatoblastomas, have been increasing in some countries.

METHODS:
Data of 8337 embryonal tumors, registered in children (0–14 years) between 1991 and 2012 (for AT/RT 2000–2012) in the population-based German Childhood Cancer Registry with complete national coverage were analyzed for incidence rates, time trends, and survival.

RESULTS:
For most entities, the incidence rates were the highest for children &lt;1 year. An important exception was medulloblastomas, which occurred mainly in 1- to 9-year-olds. Neuroblastomas and ganglioneuroblastomas as well as Wilms tumors (nephroblastomas) had the highest age standardized incidence rates (13.7 and 9.4 per million, respectively). A statistically significant increasing trend for hepatoblastomas (annual average percent change 4.6%) was detected. The survival probabilities varied between the diagnostic groups: primitive neuroectodermal tumors and AT/RT had the lowest and retinoblastomas the highest. The survival was dependent on the age at diagnosis, the most extreme examples being neuroblastomas, for which the survival probability declined steeply for children ≥1 year and medulloblastomas, for which the highest survival was seen for 10- to 14-year-olds.

CONCLUSIONS:
This study presents a comprehensive overview of pediatric embryonal tumors from a well-established, complete nationwide cancer registry. Significant increasing trend for hepatoblastomas was detected for the first time in Europe.
Concurrent Respiratory Viruses and Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Turnier Jessica L. , Anderson Marsha S. , Heizer Heather R. , Jone Pei-Ni , Glodé Mary P. , Dominguez Samuel R. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND:
The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) remains challenging without a definitive diagnostic test and currently is guided by using clinical patient characteristics and supported by laboratory data. The role of respiratory viruses in the pathogenesis of KD is not fully understood.

METHODS:
Charts of patients with KD admitted to Children’s Hospital Colorado from January 2009 to May 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with KD who had a nasopharyngeal wash submitted for multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) viral testing were included. Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and outcomes of patients with and without positive respiratory viral PCR results were compared.

RESULTS:
Of 222 patients with KD admitted to the hospital, 192 (86%) had a respiratory viral PCR test performed on or shortly after admission. Ninety-three (41.9%) of the 192 patients with KD had a positive respiratory viral PCR, and the majority were positive for rhinovirus/enterovirus. No statistically significant differences were found in the clinical characteristics and laboratory values between the groups with and without positive respiratory viral PCR findings. Both groups had the same frequency of upper respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms and had the same incidence of admission to the PICU, intravenous immunoglobulin–resistant disease, and coronary artery lesions.

CONCLUSIONS:
No differences in clinical presentations or outcomes in children with KD stratified according to positive or negative respiratory viral PCR testing were observed. A positive respiratory viral PCR or presence of respiratory symptoms at the time of presentation should not be used to exclude a diagnosis of KD.
Outcome of Patients Initiating Chronic Peritoneal Dialysis During the First Year of Life
Authors: Carey William A. , Martz Karen L. , Warady Bradley A. 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Among children with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), those who initiated chronic dialysis during the first year of life historically were less likely to survive or receive a kidney transplant compared with those who initiated dialysis later in childhood. We hypothesized that recently treated infants have experienced improved outcomes.

METHODS:
We queried the North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies database, obtaining information on 628 children who initiated maintenance peritoneal dialysis for treatment of ESRD at &lt;1 year of age. We further subcategorized these children by age (neonates, ≤31 days and infants, 32–365 days) and date of dialysis initiation (past, 1992–1999, and recent, 2000–2012).

RESULTS:
Survival while on dialysis and overall survival were significantly better among neonates and infants in the recent cohort. Overall survival at 3 years after dialysis initiation was 78.6% and 84.6% among the recently treated neonates and infants, respectively. Neonates and infants in the recent cohort also were more likely to terminate dialysis for transplantation, and graft survival was improved among recently transplanted infants (3-year graft survival 92.1%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Among children who initiate chronic peritoneal dialysis for treatment of ESRD in the first year of life, survival has improved in recent years. Graft survival also has improved for the subset of these patients who received a kidney transplant.
A rebeldia dos Bragança no Rio da Prata: redes comerciais e laços parentais portugueses na Buenos Aires seiscentista
Authors: Ceballos Rodrigo 
Published: August 2015

Este artigo contém breve apresentação seguida de transcrição de trecho de processo judicial, presente no Arquivo Geral das Índias (Sevilha), em defesa dos lusitanos expulsos da cidade de Buenos Aires em 1643. No ano de 1641, logo após a Restauração portuguesa, marinheiros lusitanos fugiram para o Rio de Janeiro, levantando na região austral suspeitas de traição de moradores do Rio da Prata ao monarca espanhol.
Evaluation of three-dimensional silver-doped borate bioactive glass scaffolds for bone repair: Biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antibacterial activity
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhao Shichang , Cui Xu , Pan Yangyi , Huang Wenhai , Ye Song , Luo Shihua , Rahaman Mohamed N. , Zhang Changqing , Wang Deping 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Construct Validity of the Attitude Diagnostic Inventory
Authors: Bitinas Bronislovas , Jegelevičienė Violeta 
Published: August 2015

The article reflects a part of the research, which aims at designing an inventory intended for the evaluation of the attitude towards learning by the students of Lithuanian comprehensive school. Since the experience of preparing this kind of diagnostic tools in Lithuania is minimal, “SMALSI” (School motivation and learning strategies inventory; compiled by K. C. Stroud, C. R. Reynolds, 2006), an inventory designed in the USA, has been referred to. The quality of the tool has been tested under the condition of the USA; however, the application of the diagnostic tool for the social and education reality of Lithuania invokes both a scientific and a practical problem as the students’ answers directly depend on their understanding of the question. Therefore, the adaptation of culture-dependent means falls under certain requirements, analogical to the requirements raised for the original diagnostic tool.
The inventory has been modified with reference to the results of the analysis of content validity. It consisted of 48 statements classified into three scales. It was filed in by 648 students of 8–10th classes of nine schools. The data required for the description of construct validity were analyzed using computer software: alpha factor analysis for the verification of the hypothesis of contents mono-dimensionality; method of correlation pleiads for a detailed insight into the internal structure of each scale; relations of estimates, which students attributed to the statements, with the charts presenting the scale; weighted coefficients, which were intended for the quantitative assessment of the resolution of the initial estimates of the statements; scale reliability coefficients obtained by the method of half-splitting the mass of initial estimates; indices of statement popularity, which defied the differences in the frequency of approving and disapproving statements.
The research resulted in the empirical verification of the scales intended for the measurement of students’ attitude towards learning: low academic motivation, learned helplessness and concentration / attention difficulties, which, depending on the application needs (education, management, research, etc.) can be transformed as quantitative or ordinal measurement scales while interpreting the data of each individual scale or general estimates of the attitude towards learning.
Fibrogenesis in Primary Myelofibrosis: Diagnostic, Clinical, and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Nazha Aziz , Khoury Joseph D. , Rampal Raajit K. , Daver Naval 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPrimary myelofibrosis is a stem cell-derived clonal malignancy characterized by unchecked proliferation of myeloid cells, resulting in bone marrow fibrosis, osteosclerosis, and pathologic angiogenesis. Bone marrow fibrosis (BMF) plays a central role in the pathophysiology of the disease. This review describes current issues regarding BMF in primary myelofibrosis, including the pathophysiology and impact of abnormal deposition of excess collagen and reticulin fibers in bone marrow spaces, the modified Bauermeister and the European Consensus grading systems of BMF, and the prognostic impact of BMF on the overall outcome of patients with primary myelofibrosis. The impact of novel therapeutic strategies, including JAK-STAT inhibitors and allogeneic stem cell transplant, on BMF is discussed.Implications for Practice:Bone marrow fibrosis (BMF) plays an important role in the pathophysiology and the clinical outcomes of patients with primary myelofibrosis. The severity of BMF correlates with the clinical manifestations of the disease and impacts the survival in patients with myelofibrosis. Treatment with ruxolitinib has been shown to reverse BMF and to continue that trend with ongoing treatment. Further studies to fully understand the mechanisms of fibrosis, to further explore the ability of currently available agents (e.g., JAK-STAT inhibitors) to stabilize and/or reverse fibrosis, and to develop additional fibrosis-targeted therapies are warranted.
Риторика и повседневность информального образования анархистов
Authors: Litvina Daria , Omelchenko Elena 
Published: August 2015

Литвина Дарья Александровна — стажер-исследователь Центра молодежных исследований НИУ ВШЭ — Санкт-Петербург, второе место на Конкурсе аналитических работ. Эл. адрес: litvina.darya@mail.ru Омельченко Елена Леонидовна — доктор социологических наук, профессор факультета социологии, директор Центра молодежных исследований НИУ ВШЭ — Санкт-Петербург, второе место на Конкурсе аналитических работ. Эл. адрес: eomelchenko@hse.spb.ru Выявлено, что, несмотря на резкую критику формальной образовательной системы, ценность образования в представлении анархистов остается высокой, поэтому информальные образовательные каналы как свободные источники информации пользуются у них наибольшим доверием. Социальным пространством информального образования является коммуникация — трансляция ключевых ценностей анархистских сообществ посредством повседневного общения индивидов, демонстрация своей групповой и солидарной принадлежности через отнесение к значимым текстам, именам и событиям. Информальная система образования в субкультурной среде формируется по тому же принципу, что и формальная: знания отбираются, легитимируются, рационализируются и воспроизводятся в соответствии с идеологическими принципами. В отличие от формального образования, в информальной образовательной структуре идеология имеет характер открытости. Тематические области информального образования анархистов вписаны в контекст их активистских и политических проектов, связаны с их повседневностью и мировоззрением. Результатом включенности индивидов в информальные образовательные практики, базирующиеся на альтернативных интерпретациях существующего экономического, государственного и социального устройства, становятся изменение их представлений о мире и реорганизация жизненных стратегий и повседневных практик.В ходе проведенного анализа показано, как информальные системы знаний могут замещать формальные и производить новые формы социальности, изменяя не только риторику, но и стиль жизни, виды активности и потребительские практики индивидов.
Учреждения дополнительного образования детей (данные статистики и Мониторинга экономики образования)
Authors: Kupriyanov Boris , Kosaretsky Sergey , Mertsalova Tatyana , Semenova Tatiana 
Published: August 2015

Материал подготовлен по данным Центра социально-экономического развития школы НИУ ВШЭ Куприянов Борис Викторович — ведущий научный сотрудник Центра социально-экономического развития школы (ЦСЭРШ) НИУ ВШЭ. Эл. адрес: boriskuprianoff2012@yandex.ru Косарецкий Сергей Геннадьевич — директор ЦСЭРШ НИУ ВШЭ. Эл. адрес: skosaretski@hse.ru Мерцалова Татьяна Анатольевна — ведущий научный сотрудник ЦСЭРШ НИУ ВШЭ. Эл. адрес: tmertsalova@hse.ru Семенова Татьяна Вадимовна — стажер-исследователь ЦСЭРШ НИУ ВШЭ. Эл. адрес: tsemenova@hse.ru Представлены результаты опроса руководителей учреждений дополнительного образования детей (УДОД).При анализе доступности услуг дополнительного образования для различных категорий детей рассмотрены возрастной состав обучающихся и динамика его изменений; определена структура контингента учащихся по территории проживания, источнику финансирования обучения; выявлен охват программами дополнительного образования детей с разным образовательным потенциалом и разным социальным статусом их семей.Исследованы направленность реализуемых в УДОД программ, их продолжительность, наличие трудностей при комплектовании контингента и уровень кадровой обеспеченности.При анализе состава педагогических работников в УДОД рассмотрены возрастная структура, уровень профессионального образования, продолжительность стажа и уровень заработной платы преподавателей.Проанализированы структура доходов и расходов учреждений дополнительного образования детей, существующая и прогнозируемая динамика объемов бюджетного и внебюджетного финансирования.Рассмотрены методы управления УДОД. Представлены оценка руководителями устойчивости финансового положения, конкурентоспособности учреждения дополнительного образования детей, их отношение к обсуждаемым в правительстве и экспертном сообществе мерам по модернизации системы дополнительного образования детей.Полученные данные позволят выстроить полную картину функционирования УДОД в условиях социальных изменений и модернизации сферы образования, охарактеризовать актуальное состояние системы и тенденции развития учреждений дополнительного образования и сформировать эмпирическую основу для выстраивания образовательной политики на федеральном, региональном и муниципальном уровнях.
Студенческий отсев в российских вузах: к постановке проблемы
Authors: Gruzdev Ivan , Gorbunova Elena , Froumin Isak 
Published: August 2015

Груздев Иван Андреевич —магистр социологии, аналитик Центра внутреннего мониторинга НИУ ВШЭ. Эл. адрес: van@gorod.org.ruГорбунова Елена Васильевна — магистр социологии, аналитик Центра внутреннего мониторинга НИУ ВШЭ. Эл. адрес: evgorbunova@hse.ru Фрумин Исак Давидович — доктор педагогических наук, профессор, научный руководитель Института образования НИУ ВШЭ. Эл. адрес: ifroumin@hse.ruВ связи с демографическими изменениями в обществе, приводящими к сокращению в общей численности населения доли людей студенческого возраста, а также институциональными изменениями в образовательной системе (реформой финансирования вузов) проблема отчисления студентов ставится как одно из приоритетных направлений исследования высшего образования. Феномен студенческого отсева в российских университетах рассматривается на основе анализа данных анкетирования и интервьюирования отчисленных из вуза студентов. Установлено, что отечественная система высшего образования характеризуется особым типом студенческого отсева, который представляет собой принудительный по отношению к студентам процесс, субъектом которого является университет, в частности преподаватели. Отчисление студентов в российских вузах качественно отлично от явления, описываемого в зарубежной литературе термином dropout и представляющего собой добровольное выбытие студента из вуза. Dropout является следствием недостаточной интеграции студента в университетскую жизнь и может быть предотвращен реализацией социализирующих и адаптационных программ. Специфика студенческого отсева в России требует особых принципов регулирования уровня отчислений. Выявлено, что при принудительном отсеве отчисленным студентам присуще стремление вернуться к обучению (только 4% респондентов не планируют получать высшее образование), что свидетельствует о необходимости совершенствования критериев, использующихся для оценки студентов, и разработки институциональных форм дисциплинирования учащихся, не предполагающих их отчисление. Исследование механизмов и причин отсева имеет практическое значение для повышения эффективности образовательной политики университетов.
A Riqueza Simbólica produzida pelo Movimento Roqueiro dos anos 80 * The Symbolic Wealth produced by the Rock Movement in the 80’s
Authors: PRADO GUSTAVO DOS SANTOS 
Published: August 2015

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt;"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-family: ">A música, enquanto fonte de pesquisa, proveniente da vulcanização dos postulados teórico-metodológicos da História Cultural, coloca no cenário acadêmico, uma série de possibilidades, desafios e riscos, provenientes de seu caráter amplamente subjetivo. Notadamente, tal fonte necessita de um diálogo interdisciplinar, para prover um processo de historicidade profícuo. Visando contribuir nesse debate, o artigo em questão, utiliza-se da semiótica como mecanismo de tal interlocução, na tentativa de discutir os símbolos criados pelo movimento roqueiro dos anos 80, levando em consideração a letra e o conjunto melódico. Espera-se, que a proposta provoque inquietações, resoluções e irresoluções, fulcrais para o desenvolvimento científico.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span><strong><span style="font-family: ">Palavras-chave:</span></strong></span><span><span style="font-family: "> </span></span><span style="font-family: ">Música <span><span style="background: #FBFBF3;">–</span></span> Símbolo <span><span style="background: #FBFBF3;">–</span></span> Rock.<span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span><span style="font-family: "> </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span><strong><span style="font-family: ">Abstract:</span></strong></span><span><span style="font-family: "> </span></span><span><span style="font-family: " lang="EN-US">M</span></span><span style="font-family: " lang="EN-US">usic, as a source of research, originating from the vulcanization of theoretical and methodological postulates of Cultural History, places in the academic setting, a series of possibilities, challenges and risks, originating from its largely subjective character. In particular, such a source requires an interdisciplinary dialogue to provide a fruitful process of historicity. Aiming to contribute to this debate, the article in question makes use of semiotics as a mechanism for such a dialogue in an attempt to discuss the symbols created by the Rock movement in the eighties, taking into account the lyrics and melody. It is expected that the proposal causes concerns, resolutions and irresolutions, fundamental to the scientific development.</span></p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><span><strong><span style="font-family: " lang="EN-US">Keywords:</span></strong></span><span><span style="font-family: " lang="EN-US"> </span></span><span style="font-family: ">Music </span><span><span style="font-family: ">–</span></span><span style="font-family: "> Symbol <span><span style="background: #FBFBF3;">– </span></span>Rock.</span></p><p> </p>