bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fashion exhibition as a critique of contemporary museum exhibitions: The case of ‘Fashion India: Spectacular Capitalism’
Authors: Kuldova Tereza 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The article pursues a critical inquiry, grounded in theory and practice, into the dominant trends in current organization of fashion exhibitions in museums. It presents the case of ‘Fashion India: Spectacular Capitalism’, an exhibition that I curated and designed at the Historical Museum in Oslo, and that was on display from 13 September 2013–13 September 2014. This exhibition was grounded in my ethnographic research, and conceptualized as a critique of current museum practices. The article outlines some themes of this exhibition that address uncritical approaches, which use the ‘aesthetic’ to mask hierarchies of power. These include the problems of exhibiting fashion as art, corporate and private sponsorships, fashion designers as co-curators, spectacular exhibition design (form) over content, and persistent policies of infantilization and patronage of the audiences.
The International Exchange of Students: Problems and Solutions at the Riga Technical University
Authors: Strauhmanis Janis 
Published: February 2015

The international exchange of students plays an important role in acquisition of new knowledge and skills. However, it was possible to start implementing such exchange programmes at the Riga Technical University only in 1991 after the reestablishment of the Department of Geodesy. Currently, the Riga Technical University cooperates with several countries in implementing exchange programmes of students. The main problems encountered in this process are similar: inadequate foreign language skills, a lack of internationally recognized coursebooks and other study materials, insufficient cooperation between the universities that implement exchange programmes. These problems should be addressed by creating a working group and expanding cooperation, as well as enhancing requirements for students who participate in the exchange programmes.
Surveying Curriculum from the Point of View of Multidisciplinarity
Authors: Slaboch Václav 
Published: February 2015

The multidisciplinarity and globalization makes fade the differencesamong professions and surveying is no exception. CLGE – CLGE has aname in two of the many European languages English and French, namely“The Council of European Geodetic Surveyors” and “Comit´e de Liaisondes Géomètres Européens”. A “Multilateral Agreement” on mutualrecognition of qualification in surveying was signed in 2005 inBrussels by representatives of Germany, France, Belgium, Switzerlandand Luxembourg. In 2006 also Slovakia joint this Agreement. Thesignature by the Czech Republic is recently under discussion.
Custom OpenStreetMap Rendering – OpenTrackMap Experience
Authors: Bartoň Radek 
Published: February 2015

After 5 years of its existence, the OpenSteetMap [1] is becoming to be an important and valuable source of a geographic data for all people on the world. Although initially targeted to provide a map of cities for routing services, it can be exploited to other and often unexpected purposes. Such an utilization is an effort to map a network of hiking tracks of the Czech Tourist Club [2]. To support and apply this endeavour, the OpenTrackMap [3] project was started. Its aim is to primarily provide a customized rendering style for Mapnik renderer which emphasizes map features important to tourists and displays a layer with hiking tracks. This article presents obstacles which such project must face and it can be used as a tutorial for other projects of similar type.
Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 in prognosis coronary artery disease in patients with obesity
Authors: Shpagina Olga Viktorovna , Bondarenko Irina Ziyatovna , Kuklina Maria Dmitrievna , Manchenko Oksana Vladimirovna , Kolesnikova Galina Sergeevna , Goncharov Nikolay Petrovich 
Published: February 2015

Introduction. In patients with obesity coronary atherosclerosis and chronic heart failure (CHF) progress rapidly and have a worse long-term prognosis than those with normal weight.Objective: To investigate the prognostic significance of GH and IGF-1 in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk in patients with obesity.Materials and Methods. The study included 75 men (mean age 55.31±6.32 years), which are overweight or have mild obesity (body mass index (BMI) 28.69±3.6 kg/m2). Group 1 included 45 patients (age 56.4±6.29 years, BMI 28.69±3.69 kg/m2, blood pressure 124±10.18/80±4.59 mm Hg) who underwent coronary angiography. Group 2 included 30 patients (mean age 53.6 ± 6.1 years, BMI 28.68±3.52 kg/m2, blood pressure 128±9/83±6.81 mm Hg), CAD who are excluded by treadmill test. The coronary artery calcium score was assessed in group 2. All participants were evaluated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), triglycerides (TG), IGF-1 and GH, LPHD, LPLD, geometry of the heart chambers was assessed by echocardiography.Results. Patients in both groups did not differ in age, BMI, blood pressure. IGF-1 levels were not significantly different among the study groups. High circulating IGF-1 levels were frequently observed in group 1 (р=0.018). A statistically significant association of high IGF-1 observed with obesity (p=0.033), smoking (p=0.049), hypertension (p=0.002), end-diastolic dimension (p=0.045). GH was lower in group 1 compared with group 2 (p=0.046). Serum levels of GH are positively associated with EF (p=0.023) and E/A (p=0.043) and negatively associated with left atrial wall thickness (p=0.025) and coronary artery calcium score (p=0.005).Conclusion: 1. IGF-1 may be a useful indicator to assess the prognosis of CAD and CHF in patients with obesity. 2. Relative GH deficiency was more often associated with severe CAD in patients with obesity.
On the Theory of TE Waves Guided by a Lossy Three-Layer Structure with General Nonlinear Permittivity
Authors: Harju Markus , Schürmann Hans W. , Serov Valery S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Guided TE waves in a planar three-layer structure with nonmagnetic material are considered. The central layer between two half-spaces with constant permittivity is described by a rather general (nonlinear, complex, saturating, dependent on position) permittivity. Maxwell's equations are reduced to a nonlinear Volterra integral equation that is solved using the Banach fixed point theorem. Sufficient conditions for convergence of iteration sequence are presented and dispersion relation is derived. Numerical examples are given.
Silica aerogel/epoxy composites with preserved aerogel pores and low thermal conductivity
Authors: Kim Hyung Min , Kim Hyun Su , Kim Seong Yun , Youn Jae Ryoun 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of aerogel/epoxy composite based on the inexpensive powder form of silica aerogels by using water glass under ambient drying conditions was evaluated to investigate the relationship between the internal structure and the thermal conductivity of the composite. A high thermal conductivity was obtained for the composite fabricated by the typical liquid epoxy processing because the pores of the aerogels became filled with the epoxy resin during the processing of the composite. A new processing method for preserving the aerogel pores was then developed using ethanol evaporation, which lowered the thermal conductivity of the composite. The lowest thermal conductivity of 0.04 W/m K was obtained for the composite containing the as-received aerogel of 75 vol% with preserved pores. The preserved aerogel pores in the composite were the most significant physical factor in determining the thermal conductivity of the composite.
Improving upon the World Bank’s Country Policy and Institutional Assessment: A New Performance Indicator Based on Aid Effectiveness
Authors: Cagé Julia 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis article questions the relevance of the different measures of policy performance that are currently used by international organizations to allocate development aid. It evaluates more especially the pertinence of the World Bank’s Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA). Using a cross-country panel dataset over 146 countries between 1977 and 2008, I show that while the CPIA is correlated with current growth, it is not a good predictor for future growth. I then discuss the relevance of several instruments for aid allocation. In particular, I propose a performance indicator based on “aid effectiveness” to allocate aid selectively, and discuss a new way of assessing time-varying aid effectiveness.
Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndromes
Authors: Küçükali Cem Ismail , Kürtüncü Murat , Akçay Halil İbrahim , Tüzün Erdem , Öge Ali Emre 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability (PNH) syndromes can be subclassified as primary and secondary. The main primary PNH syndromes are neuromyotonia, cramp-fasciculation syndrome (CFS), and Morvan’s syndrome, which cause widespread symptoms and signs without the association of an evident peripheral nerve disease. Their major symptoms are muscle twitching and stiffness, which differ only in severity between neuromyotonia and CFS. Cramps, pseudomyotonia, hyperhidrosis, and some other autonomic abnormalities, as well as mild positive sensory phenomena, can be seen in several patients. Symptoms reflecting the involvement of the central nervous system occur in Morvan’s syndrome. Secondary PNH syndromes are generally seen in patients with focal or diffuse diseases affecting the peripheral nervous system. The PNH-related symptoms and signs are generally found incidentally during clinical or electrodiagnostic examinations. The electrophysiological findings that are very useful in the diagnosis of PNH are myokymic and neuromyotonic discharges in needle electromyography along with some additional indicators of increased nerve fiber excitability. Based on clinicopathological and etiological associations, PNH syndromes can also be classified as immune mediated, genetic, and those caused by other miscellaneous factors. There has been an increasing awareness on the role of voltage-gated potassium channel complex autoimmunity in primary PNH pathogenesis. Then again, a long list of toxic compounds and genetic factors has also been implicated in development of PNH. The management of primary PNH syndromes comprises symptomatic treatment with anticonvulsant drugs, immune modulation if necessary, and treatment of possible associated dysimmune and/or malignant conditions.
Cooperative and Noncooperative R&D in Two-Sided Markets
Authors: Bourreau Marc , Verdier Marianne 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we analyze the impact of cooperation on R&D investments in a two-sided market, where platforms compete in quantities. We show that if indirect externalities are of a moderate magnitude, the threshold degree of spillovers above which cooperation spurs R&D investments and enhances social welfare increases with the degree of externalities. If indirect externalities are of a strong magnitude, cooperation can also be beneficial in terms of welfare for low degrees of spillovers.
Synthese und Untersuchung der Lanthanoidoxidnitrate LnONO3 (Ln = Pr, Nd und Sm-Yb) / Synthesis and Studies of Lanthanide Oxide Nitrates LnONO3 (Ln = Pr, Nd, and Sm-Yb)
Authors: Dill Simone , Meyer Hans-Jürgen 
Published: February 2015

The lanthanide oxide nitrates LnONO3 with Ln = Pr, Nd, and Sm-Yb were synthesised by thermal decomposition of hydrated lanthanide nitrates. The compounds were refined isotypically to YONO3 in the tetragonal space group P4/nmm and the structure is closely related to the PbFCl-type. Because of the orientational disorder of NO3 − in this structure refinement a possible superstructure is discussed.
Together with the oxide ions, the metal ions form [Ln2O2]2+ layers, alternating with double (NO3)− layers. Lattice parameters were determined by powder X-ray diffraction, and the structure of HoONO3 was refined by Rietveld analysis. Some thermoanalytical data are given and magnetic properties were measured for LnONO3 with Ln = Nd, Sm, Eu, and Gd.
Synthesis and Characterization of the Oxynitride Y2Mo2O4.5N2.5 Pyrochlore: A Neutron Diffraction and Magnetic Study
Authors: Martínez-Lope M. J. , Casais M. T. , Alonso J. A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A new molybdenum oxynitride Y2Mo2O4.5N2.5 with cubic pyrochlore structure (a = 10.3350(2) Å, space group Fd3̅m, Z =8) has been synthesized by heating the parent Y2Mo2O7 oxide in flowing ammonia at 898 K. The polycrystalline sample has been characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray and neutron diffraction (NPD), and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The analysis of high resolution NPD data, based on the contrast existing between the scattering lengths of O and N, shows that both atoms are distributed at random at the anion substructure; the refined crystallographic formula implies an oxidation state of +5.25 for Mo cations. The thermogravimetric curve shows a weight gain of 7.5% at 1000 K in air, corresponding to the complete elimination of N2 and oxidation to Mo(VI) oxide, in good agreement with the proposed composition. The magnetic susceptibility exhibits a Pauli-like, temperature-independent term which derives from the partial delocalization of Mo electrons on Mo-(O,N) bands with a broader bandwidth, as a consequence of the significant opening of the Mo-(O,N)-Mo angle and strengthening of the Mo-(O,N) interactions with respect to the parent Y2Mo2O7 oxide. As in this oxide, a reminiscent spin-glass behaviour is observed at low temperature.
Biotransformation of (–)-Caryophyllene Oxide by Cell Suspension Culture of Catharanthus roseus
Authors: Choudhary Muhammad Iqbal , Siddiqui Zafar A. , Khan Saifullah , Saifullah  , Musharraf Syed G. , Atta-ur-Rahman  
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures were employed for the biotransformation of (-)-caryophyllene oxide (1), and four metabolites, 15-hydroxycaryophyllene oxide (2), 4β ,5α- dihydroxycaryophyll-8(13)-ene (3), 2β -hydroxycaryophyllene oxide (4), and 2-hydroxy-4,5- epoxycaryophyllan-13-ol (5) were obtained. Metabolites 4 and 5 were found to be new compounds, and their structures were deduced by different spectroscopic techniques.
New Triterpenoidal Alkaloids from Buxus hyrcana
Authors: Meshkatalsadat Mohammad H. , Mollataghi Abass , Ata Athar 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Phytochemical studies on the methanolic extract of the leaves of Buxus hyrcana pojark, collected in Iran, have resulted in the isolation of two new triterpenoidal alkaloids, (+)-2α,16β ,31- triacetylbuxiran (1), (+)-2α,16β ,31-triacetyl-9-11-dihydrobuxiran (2). Spectroscopic methods were used to elucidate the structures of these new natural products.
Von Ketazinen zu 1,2-Diaza-3-phospha-cyclopent-5-enen, -penta-3,5-dienen, 1,5-Diaza-2,6-diphospha-bicyclo[3.3.0]octa-3,7-dien und einem Cyclohexaphosphan / From Ketazines to 1,2-Diaza-3-phospha-cyclopent-5-enes, -penta-3,5-dienes, 1,5-Diaza-2,6-diphospha-bicyclo[3.3.0]octa-3,7-dien, and Cyclohexaphosphane
Authors: Armbruster Florian , Klingebiel Uwe , Noltemeyer Mathias 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The dilithium salt of di(tert-butyl-methyl)ketazine 1 reacts with the bimolar amount of ClSiMe3 to give the di(tert-butyl-trimethylsilylmethylen)ketazine, 2. In the reaction of lithiated 2 and F2PN(iPr)2 the 1,2-diaza-3-phosphacyclopent-5-ene (3) is formed. The dichlorophosphanes Cl2PC6H5 and Cl2PCMe3 react with 1 in boiling toluene to give the 1,2-diaza-3-phosphacyclopentenes 4 and 5. The oxygen of the air oxidizes 5 to the 1,2-diaza-3-phosphacyclopent-5-ene 6. Equivalent amounts of H2O cleave the ring skeleton of 5, the tert-butyl-methyl-(tert-butyl-(tert-butylphosphino)methylketazine 7 being formed. The 1,2-diaza-3-phosphacyclopenta-3,5-diene 8 and the 1,5-diaza-2,6-diphospha- bicyclo[3.3.0]octa-3,7-diene 9 are the reaction products of 1 and PCl3 in toluene. 1 forms with HCl the hydrochloride 10. The 5-tert-butyl-1,2-diaza-3-phospha-cyclopenta-3,5-diene 11 is isolated from the reaction of 9 and MeLi. 11 is also obtained from PCl3 and tert-butyl-methyl-hydrazone in good yields. The cyclohexaphosphane 12 was formed in the reaction of 9 with Na/K alloy. The results of the crystal structure analyses of 2, 3, 6, 10, and 12 are reported.
Super-Exchange Interaction in a Chair-Piperazine Bridged Dicopper(II/II) Complex: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Magnetic Properties and Molecular Orbital Calculations
Authors: Zeyrek C. T. , Elmali A. , Elerman Y. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Reaction of the /i-bis(tridentate) ligand H3L' (L' = 1,3-bis[N-(5-cliloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)- 2-ainiiioetliylene]-2-(5-cliloro-2-hydroxy!phenyl)iniidazoliduie) with eopper(II) chlonde diliydrate gives the chair-piperazine bridged complex [Cu2(μ-L)Cl2]. The halves of the binuclear complex are related by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The intramolecular
Cu ・・・Cu separation is 6.954(3) Å. Temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements of the complex show a weak intramolecular antiferromagnetic eouphng. The super-exchange coupling constant (J) is - 10.5 cm-1. Semi-empirical extended Huckel molecular orbital (EHMO) calculations have been performed in order to gain msight into the molecular orbitals that participate in the super-exchange pathway.
Behavior of 1,3-Di(tert-butyl)-2,4-bis(tetramethylpiperidino)-1,3,2,4-diphospha- diboretane towards Boron Halides and Adduct Formation of a Bicyclo[1.1.0]diphosphadiboretane with Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane [1]
Authors: Knabel Klaus , Nöth Heinrich , Paine Robert T. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
While the diphosphadiboretane (tBuP=Btmp)2, 1, reacts with boron trihalides BX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) with BN cleavage producing a number of unidentifiable products, a new tricyclic BP ring system 2, containing B3P3, PB2C2 and C6 rings, results from the combination of PhBCl2 and 1. B-Chlorocatecholborane and 1 give access to the diborylphosphane 3, tmpBCl-PtBu-cat (cat = C6H4O2B). This shows that the selectivity of the reactions increases as the Lewis acidity of boron halide decreases. The structure of compounds 2 and 3 were determined by X-ray structure analysis. The bicyclic (tmpBP)2 4 forms no adducts with MeI, CF3SO2Me or Ph3C(SnCl5). However, it adds B(C6F5)3 to give 10, the first BX3 adduct of this bicycle that is fully characterized including its molecular structure.
Zinc Barbiturate Complexes with Bidentate N-Donor Ligands: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, Spectroscopic, Thermal and Voltammetric Studies
Authors: Yilmaz Fatih , Yilmaz Veysel T. , Bicer Ender , Büyükgüngör Orhan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Two new bis(5,5-diethylbarbiturato) (barb) complexes of zinc, [Zn(barb)2(en)] (1) and [Zn(barb)2(bpy)] ・H2O (2) [en = ethylenediamine, bpy = 2,2’-bipyridine], have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermal analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complexes 1 and 2 crystallize in monoclinic space groups. The zinc(II) ions in complex 1 are tetrahedrally coordinated by two barb and an en ligand. The barb ligands are N-coordinated while the en ligand acts as a bidentate chelating ligand. One carbonyl oxygen atom of each barb ligands in complex 2 participates in the bonding with the zinc ion with remarkably long Zn-O bonds resulting in a highly distorted octahedral geometry. Molecules of complex 1 are connected via N-H ···O hydrogen bonds, involving hydrogen atoms of both barb and en ligands, while molecules of complex 2 are linked by N-H ···O and O-H ···O hydrogen bonds and also aromatic π(bpy) ···π(bpy) stacking interactions. The voltammetric behavior of complexes 1 and 2 was investigated in aqueous solution by cyclic voltammetry using a NH3/NH4Cl buffer. The cyclic voltammogram of 1 shows a cathodic peak at −1.260 V and an anodic peak at −1.068 V due to a quasi-reversible two-electron process. Complex 2 yields two reduction peaks at −1.312 and −1.412 V. The former corresponds to a quasi-reversible electrode process of the zinc(II) ions in complex 2, while the latter is attributed to the reduction of the coordinated bpy ligands.
Efficient and Convenient Procedure for Protection of Hydroxyl Groups to the THP, THF and TMS Ethers and Oxidation of these Ethers to their Aldehydes or Ketones in [BPy]FeCl4 as a Low Cost Room Temperature Ionic Liquid
Authors: Khosropour Ahmad R. , Khodaei Mohammad M. , Ghaderi Sattar 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Alcohols were converted to the corresponding THP, THF or TMS ethers in high to excellent yields in 1-n-butylpyridinium chloroferrate media as a stable and low cost room temperature ionic liquid. In addition, oxidation of these ethers to their aldehydes or ketones without any overoxidation reactions in this ionic liquid was also performed.
Synthesis and Structure of NbPdSi
Authors: Valldor Martin , Pöttgen Rainer 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The new silicide NbPdSi was prepared by melting the elements in an arc-furnace.Well-shaped single crystals were obtained by annealing the sample in an induction furnace. The structure of NbPdSi has been studied by X-ray powder and single crystal diffractometer data: TiNiSi type, Pnma, Z = 4, a=643.0(1), b=376.7(1), c=744.4(2) pm, wR2=0.0330, 346 F2 values, and 20 variables. The palladium and silicon atoms build up a three-dimensional [PdSi] network where each palladium atoms has a strongly distorted tetrahedral silicon coordination at Pd-Si ranging from 242 to 250 pm. The niobium atoms fill channels left in the [PdSi] network.
Eine leistungsfähige Synthese von Lepidokrokit (γ-FeOOH) durch Homogenfällung / An Efficient Synthesis of Lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) by Homogeneous Precipitation
Authors: Engel Günther , Hilsenbek Uwe 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Well crystallized lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) with high phase purity can be prepared by precipitation from homogeneous solution. FeCl2 is oxidized with NaClO3 while heating the common solution slowly from 20 to 75 °C. Due to the buffer pyridine/HCl the pH-value changes only from 6.3 to 5.3. The product with the specific surface of about 16 m2/g has been characterized by several methods, especially by thermal analysis.
Beiträge zur Kristallchemie und zum thermischen Verhalten von wasserfreien Phosphaten, XXXVII [1]. Synthese, Kristallstruktur und kernresonanzspektroskopische Untersuchung von In2Ti6(PO4)6[Si2O(PO4)6] – Eine Hybride aus den NASICON und M4[Si2O(PO4)6] Strukturtypen / Contributions on Crystal Chemistry and Thermal Behaviour of Anhydrous Phospates, XXXVII [1]. Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Investigation of In2Ti6(PO4)6- [Si2O(PO4)6] – A Hybride Built from Layers with NASICON and M4[Si2O(PO4)6] Structures
Authors: Schöneborn M. , Hoffbauer W. , Schmedt auf der Günne J. , Glaum R. 
Published: February 2015

In2Ti6(PO4)6[Si2O(PO4)6] has been obtained by heating (1100 °C) stoichiometric amounts of In2O3, SiP2O7, TiP2O7, and TiO2 in air. Colourless crystals of the phosphate-silicophosphate suitable for a single crystal structure investigation have been grown by chemical vapour transport (1000°C → 900°C, mixture of 70 mg PtCl2 and 3.5 mg TiP as transport agent). In2Ti6(PO4)6[Si2O(PO4)6] adopts its own structure type (R3̅ (No. 148), Z = 3, a = 8.4380(10) Å , c = 44.295(1) Å , 1809 independent reflections, 109 variables, R1 = 0.044, wR2 = 0.112).
The crystal structure represents a hybride built up from alternating layers (⟂ to the c-axis) of the NASICON structure-type and those showing the structure of silicophosphates M4[Si2O(PO4)6]. Isolated heteropolyanions [Si2O(PO4)6]12− and double-octahedra [InIIITiIVO9] occur as coordination polyhedra besides isolated octahedra [TiIVO6] and tetrahedral phosphate groups. The results of 29Si and 31P-MAS-NMR studies are in agreement with one crystallographically independent site for silicon and two sites for phosphorus. The phosphorus resonances can be related to the two sites by 2-dimensional cross-polarisation experiments, by the anisotropies of their chemical shifts, and by the observed line widths. All criteria lead to the same assignment. Substitution of In3+ by several trivalent transition metal ions leads to phosphate-silicophosphates M2Ti6(PO4)6[Si2O(PO4)6] (M = Ti3+, V3+, Cr3+, Fe3+)