bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ISTITUZIONI E FONTI
Authors: BINO CARLA 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title This article discusses the working method of Bernardo Buontalenti, the court engineer of the Medici family under Cosimo I and his son Francesco I. Buontalenti is a crucial figure for the history of theatre, because he was able to consolidate and rivitalise a tradition, in so far as he used the pre-existing technical knowledge and, at the same time, reinterpreted it in an original way; moreover he "invented" a new profession. By analysing the Memoriale of Girolamo Seriacopi, Proweditore di Castello, which records the works made in Uffizi theatre for the wedding of Ferdinando I de' Medici and Cristina di Lorena (1589), I trace the dynamics of Buontalenti's building site in order to infer some knowledge about the stage machines from the work practice. This method of analysis enables me to make two hypotheses: on the one hand, Buontalenti's machinery was built according to the rules of Florentine tradition (which was in part different from the one from Pesaro which is the basis of Sabbatini's treaty and is usually considered the primary tool for understanding Buontalenti); on the other hand, the use of craft knowledge begins a specialization process that will develop along the seventeenth century.
CRITERI DI EDIZIONE
Authors: MANDRINO AGNESE 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title Viene pubblicata la corrispondenza tra il famoso astronomo italiano Giovanni Schiaparelli (1835-1910) e Percival Lowell (1855-1916), fondatore dell'omonimo importante osservatorio di Flagstaff in Arizona. Entrambi compirono dettagliati studi sul pianeta Marte, per cui la corrispondenza tratta in particolar modo questo argomento. Si tratta di 35 lettere inedite (34 in francese, una in inglese) scritte dal 1896 alla morte di Schiaparelli (1910). Nell'archivio dell'Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera sono custoditi gli originali di Lowell ed alcune minute di Schiaparelli; l'Osservatorio di Flagstaff ha gentilmente messo a nostra disposizione alcune lettere originali di Schiaparelli.
title SUMMARY /title

In this article we publish the correspondence between the famous italian astronomer Giovanni Schiaparelli (1835-1910) and Percival Lowell (1855-1916), founder of the Flagstaff Observatory in Arizona. Both studied in detail the planet Mars, therefore the correspondence focuses on this topic. In this work we present 35 unpublished letters (34 in French, one in English) written from 1896 until Schiaparelli's death (1910). The original letters from Lowell and some drafts by Schiaparelli are conserved in the archives of the Brera Astronomical Observatory; Flagstaff Observatory has kindly provided us with some of the original letters by Schiaparelli.
NATURE DESCRIBED: FABIO COLONNA AND NATURAL HISTORY ILLUSTRATION
Authors: TOGNONI FEDERICO 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle ABSTRACT /title The article analyses Fabio Colonna's interest in natural history illustration. The re-examination of several pieces of unjustly neglected documentary evidence has allowed us to focus on the essential role of naturalistic illustration in the work of this Neapolitan naturalist. Of great importance was the opportunity to study a herbal that was recently discovered at Blickling Hall, near Norwich in England. This herbal was created using the technique of nature-printing, and reflects Colonna's interest in naturalistic illustration as an essential means of presenting natural data.
CATALOGO DELLE CARTE DI GIORGIO BAGLIVI CONSERVATE NELLA WALLER SAMLING PRESSO UNIVERSITETSBIBLIOTEKET «CAROLINA REDIVIVA» DI UPPSALA
Authors: TOSCANO ANNA 
Published: November 2012

Abstract<title> SUMMARY </title>A Catalogue of Giorgio Baglivi Papers, kept in the Waller Samling at the Universitetsbibliotek of Uppsala, is published here for the first time.Together with a complete list of the letters, a short sketch of their contents is given in the Appendix.The Baglivi Correspondence kept in Sweden gives new information about the scientific Italian culture in the second half of the seventeenth century. Moreover, it provides with some further evidence of the diffusion of the Italian science in the scientific European context at that age.
LA RECEZIONE DELLA TEORIA HALLERIANA DELL'IRRITABILIT NELL'ACCADEMIA DELLE SCIENZE DI BOLOGNA
Authors: CAVAZZA MARTA 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title In Italy, the physiological theories of Albrecht von Haller, based on the thesis of the independence of the property of irritability, characteristic of muscles, from sensitivity, characteristic of nerves, and on a refutation of the traditional iatro-mechanical explanation of muscular motion, found numerous supporters and just as many opponents. This gave rise to a heated polemic, which involved numerous physicians, physicists and philosophers. The principal site for this polemic, most acute between 1756 and 1760, was Bologna, a city where the influence of Malpighian iatromechanics was still very strongly felt, but also where Haller's two most ardent supporters, Marc'Antonio Caldani and Felice Fontana, were active. The present study proposes to analyse the reactions of scientific circles in Bologna to this debate, especially for the case of the local Academy of Sciences, and to place them in the context of the continuing dialectic between innovation and tradition that characterised the city.
A HISTORIOGRAPHIC MODEL OF THE DYNAMICS OF SCIENTIFIC THEORIES AND THE FORMATION OF CONCEPTS: THE CASE OF THE ATOMIC NUCLEUS
Authors: BRUZZANITI GIUSEPPE 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle RIASSUNTO /title Viene proposto un particolare modello storiografico per spiegare certi aspetti della formazione dei concetti scientifici e della dinamica delle teorie. La principale caratteristica del modello consiste nella possibilit di organizzare il materiale documentario in diversi reti: una locale e una globale. E alla dinamica di tali reti e alla loro interazione che viene ricondotta la formazione dei concetti scientifici e il mutamento del loro significato. Il modello costruito viene applicato al caso del concetto di nucleo atomico.
OPERE E LIBRI DI UN ASTRONOMO CARTOGRAFO DEL XVIII SECOLO: TRA ERUDIZIONE E STATO
Authors: CAVAGNA ANNA GIULIA 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title Giovanni Giacomo Marinoni (Udine 1676 - Vienna 1755), of humble origins, lived in Italy and Austria as an official of the Empire. In the early Eighteenth century he embarked upon a brillant carreer as a mathematics teacher, a topographer and a military engineer. He set up and run a military school in Vienna, partly financed by the Crown. The curriculum of the school included many new technical skills. As a cartographer and surveying instructor he was in the region of Lombardy where he defended the interests of the Austrians. He built the first Viennese astronomical observatory, again only partly financed by the Crown. He was ennobled and created Imperial counsellor. As an habitue of the Republic of Letters he corresponded with many scholars and became a member of the London, Berlin and Saint Peterburg Academies. He published his own works and owned a rich library.
APORIE DI UNA NUOVA CONCEZIONE DELL'ETERE NEL MANOSCRITTO EINSTEINIANO DEL 1920
Authors: MASTROBISI GIORGIO JULES 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The 1920 manuscript by Einstein entitled: Vorlesungen ber Relativittstheorie points out paradigmatically all the preparations of the Special Theory of Relativity, the importance and the role of this theory in the General Theory of Relativity, the passage from a "Special Theory of Relativity" to a "general" one, and the doubts and certainties of its inventor, all that from a point of view of one of the most important issues of the history modem science: the problem of Ether definition. Just the Ether Theory, filtered through H. A. Lorentz's Theory, becomes in Einstein an "Inertial case" of the Classical Principle of Relativity and then, losing all its mechanical qualities, becomes Gravitational Theory in H. Weyl's phenomenological point of view.
BIAGIO BURLINI, UN OTTICO DEL '700 VENEZIANO
Authors: LUALDI ALBERTO 
Published: November 2012

Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title The sphere of activity of Biagio Burlini, an optician and instrumentmaker working in Venice around the middle of the eighteenth century, is here pointed out. A research in the Archivio Patriarcale of Venice allowed to find the year of his birth (1709) and his death (13.1.1771). A survey of signed microscopes and telescopes now in various public and private collections contributes to a better knowledge of optical instrument-makers in that century.
Chariots on Fire: Military Dominance in the Old Testament
Authors: Sensenig Peter M. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
The Hebrew Bible from Exodus to Zechariah communicates Yahweh’s deep displeasure with military self-reliance, of which the symbol is the chariot. The primary criterion of justified war in the Old Testament is trust in Yahweh’s miracle rather than in the strength of chariots and horses, for which Joshua 11 serves as a paradigm. The exodus, conquest of Canaan, failed monarchic experiment, Psalms, and prophets all emphasize God’s opposition to military technology. Not simply a matter of pride or idolatry, weapons of domination are incompatible with the radical social experiment God intends Israel to be.
The Debate Between Salomon Munk and Heinrich Ritter on Medieval Jewish and Arabic History of Philosophy
Authors: Adorisio Chiara 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
In the middle of the nineteenth century, the German historian of philosophy Heinrich Ritter and the Jewish scholar and Orientalist Salomon Munk had a debate on the history of Jewish Philosophy. This debate is an example of how Salomon Munk’s work functioned to point up the reciprocal influences between Jewish, Arab and Christian Thought in the Middle Ages.
Munk, who was a scholar within the Wissenschaft des Judentums, a Jewish movement that promoted the scientific study of Judaism, criticized Ritter’s History of Philosophy. In fact, Munk noticed that in his work, Ritter mentioned only a few references to Jewish thinkers like Maimonides. Ritter’s response was that Christian historians of philosophy knew too little about this subject in order to give a qualified judgment. Nevertheless, later on, in the second edition of his History of Philosophy, Ritter added many important details on Al-Gazali, Ibn-Badja and Ibn-Roschd after the reading of Munk’s articles. Ritter also shaped an entirely new paragraph on the history of Jewish philosophy in the Middle Ages using above all Munk’s seminal studies on Avicebron’s Fons Vitae.
Hearing voices then seeing lips: Fragmentation and renormalisation of subjective timing in the McGurk illusion
Authors: Freeman Elliot D. , Ipser Alberta 
Published: November 2012

Due to physical and neural delays, the sight and sound of a person speaking causes a cachophony of asynchronous events in the brain. How can we still perceive them as simultaneous? Our converging evidence suggests that actually, we do not. Patient PH, with midbrain and auditory brainstem lesions, experiences voices leading lipmovements by approximately 200 ms. In temporal order judgements (TOJ) he experiences simultaneity only when voices physically lag lips. In contrast, he requires the opposite visual lag (again of about 200 ms) to experience the classic McGurk illusion (e.g., hearing ‘da’ when listening to /ba/ and watching lips say [ga]), consistent with pathological auditory slowing. These delays seem to be specific to speech stimuli. Is PH just an anomaly? Surprisingly, neuro-typical individual differences between temporal tuning of McGurk integration and TOJ are actually negatively correlated. Thus some people require a small auditory lead for optimal McG but an auditory lag for subjective simultaneity (like PH but not as extreme), while others show the opposite pattern. Evidently, any individual can concurrently experience the same external events as happening at different times. These dissociative patterns confirm that distinct mechanisms for audiovisual synchronization versus integration are each subject to different neural delays. To explain the apparent repulsion of their respective timings, we propose that multimodal synchronization is achieved by discounting the average neural event time within each modality. Lesions or individual differences which slow the propagation of neural signals will then attract the average, so that relatively undelayed neural signals will be experienced as occurring relatively early.
Multisensory integration in body perception is unaffected by concurrent interoceptive and exteroceptive tasks
Authors: Cannella Stefania , Folegatti Alessia , Zampini Massimiliano , Pavani Francesco 
Published: November 2012

A recent study (Tsakiris et al., 2011) suggested that lower interoceptive sensitivity, as assessed by heat-rate estimation, predicts malleability of body representations, as measured by proprioceptive drift and ownership in a rubber hand illusion (RHI) task. The authors suggested that one explanation of their finding is linked to the notion of limited attentional resources: individuals with high interoceptive sensitivity are more aware of internal states and, in turns, they have less attentional resources available for multisensory processing. If this is the case, the competition between interoceptive and multisensory processing should be strongest when they are concurrent. Here we tested this prediction using a visuo-proprioceptive conflict produced through prismatic goggles, without affecting body ownership (unlike the RHI). In three experiments, participants looked at their own hand while wearing neutral or prismatic goggles (visual field shifted 20° leftwards). Meanwhile, they performed a concurrent counting tasks on interoceptive (Exp. 1–2: heart-beats; Exp. 3: breaths) or exteroceptive signals (pure-tones). A no-task condition was also included. We measured proprioceptive drift in each condition an indicator of illusion strength. All experiments documented a significant drift of perceived hand position after prism exposure. This bodily illusion, however, was never affected by the concurrent task, regardless of whether it involved interoceptive or exteroceptive signals. These result reveal that multisensory integration underlying body perception is unaffected by concurrent tasks capturing attentional resources, strongly suggesting a low-level and automatic phenomenon. Furthermore, they indicate that the origin of increased body malleability in individuals with low interoceptive awareness is not competition for attentional resources.
Developmental processes in audiovisual object recognition and object location
Authors: Barrett Maeve M. , Newell Fiona N. 
Published: November 2012

This study investigated whether performance in recognising and locating target objects benefited from the simultaneous presentation of a crossmodal cue. Furthermore, we examined whether these ‘what’ and ‘where’ tasks were affected by developmental processes by testing across different age groups. Using the same set of stimuli, participants conducted either an object recognition task, or object location task. For the recognition task, participants were required to respond to two of four target objects (animals) and withhold response to the remaining two objects. For the location task, participants responded when an object occupied either of two target locations and withheld response if the object occupied a different location. Target stimuli were presented either by vision alone, audition alone, or bimodally. In both tasks cross-modal cues were either congruent or incongruent. The results revealed that response time performance in both the object recognition task and in the object location task benefited from the presence of a congruent cross-modal cue, relative to incongruent or unisensory conditions. In the younger adult group, the effect was strongest for response times although the same pattern was found for accuracy in the object location task but not for the recognition task. Following recent studies on multisensory integration in children (e.g., Brandwein, 2010; Gori, 2008), we then tested performance in children (i.e., 8–14 year olds) using the same task. Although overall performance was affected by age, our findings suggest interesting parallels in the benefit of congruent, cross-modal cues between children and adults, for both object recognition and location tasks.
Effects of looming and static sounds on somatosensory processing: A MEG study
Authors: Leonardelli Elisa , Occelli Valeria , Demarchi Gianpaolo , Grassi Massimo , Braun Christoph , Zampini Massimiliano 
Published: November 2012

The present study aims to assess the mechanisms involved in the processing of potentially threatening stimuli presented within the peri-head space of humans. Magnetic fields evoked by air-puffs presented at the peri-oral area of fifteen participants were recorded by using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Crucially, each air puff was preceded by a sound, which could be either perceived as looming, stationary and close to the body (i.e., within the peri-head space) or stationary and far from the body (i.e., extrapersonal space). The comparison of the time courses of the global field power (GFP) indicated a significant difference in the time window ranging from 70 to 170 ms between the conditions. When the air puff was preceded by a stationary sound located far from the head stronger somatosensory activity was evoked as compared to the conditions where the sounds were located close to the head. No difference could be shown for the looming and the stationary prime stimulus close to the head. Source localization was performed assuming a pair of symmetric dipoles in a spherical head model that was fitted to the MRI images of the individual participants. Results showed sources in primary and secondary somatosensory cortex. Source activities in secondary somatosensory cortex differed between the three conditions, with larger effects evoked by the looming sounds and smaller effects evoked by the far stationary sounds, and the close stationary sounds evoking intermediate effects. Overall, these findings suggest the existence of a system involved in the detection of approaching objects and protecting the body from collisions in humans.
Short and sweet, or long and complex? Perceiving temporal synchrony in audiovisual events
Authors: Eg Ragnhild , Behne Dawn 
Published: November 2012

Perceived synchrony varies depending on the audiovisual event. Typically, asynchrony is tolerated at greater lead- and lag-times for speech and music than for action events. The tolerance for asynchrony in speech has been attributed to the unity assumption, which proposes a bonding of auditory and visual speech cues through associations in several dimensions. However, the variations in synchrony perception for different audiovisual events may simply be related to their complexity; where speech and music fluctuate naturally, actions involve isolated events and anticipated moments of impact. The current study measured perception of synchrony for long (13 s) and short (1 s) variants of three types of stimuli: (1) action, represented by a game of chess, (2) music, played by a drummer and (3) speech, presented by an anchorwoman in a newscast. The long variants allowed events to play out with their natural dynamics, whereas short variants offered controlled and predictable single actions or events, selected from the longer segments. Results show that among the long stimuli, lead asynchrony was detected sooner for speech than for chess. This contrasts both with previous research and our own predictions, although it may be related to characteristics of the selected chess scene. Interestingly, tolerance to asynchrony was generally greater for short, than for long, stimuli, especially for speech. These findings suggest that the dynamics of complex events cannot account for previously observed differences in synchrony perception between speech and action events.
Evaluating multi-sensory congruency through atmospherics for Carte Noire Instinct®
Authors: Gater James A. 
Published: November 2012

It is widely recognised that there is correlation between sensory congruency and overall product liking, especially in the context of food and drink products. A range of factors can contribute to a sense of congruency with a product, including the atmospherics within which it is consumed. In preparation for the launch of Carte Noire Instinct (CNI), MMR and Kraft Foods UK conducted a two-stage research process to optimise the CNI drinking experience by influencing room atmospherics. A research process was developed to understand which stimuli within each of four sensory modalities (vision, odour, touch and sound) had the highest degree of congruence with the sensory qualities of CNI. Through a series of informal tasting sessions, the key sensory qualities of CNI were identified, and it was against these that the stimuli were evaluated. Using a qualitative technique involving sensory articulate consumers, the stimuli were pre-screened and the four most suitable from each modality taken forward for quantitative evaluation. Consumers scaled each of the stimuli based on their perceived congruence with the sensory qualities of CNI. Emotional and functional associations were recorded for the CNI product and for each stimulus, to assist in our understanding of the links between CNI and the stimuli. This presentation describes the methodology and findings, and explores the future opportunities for product optimisation through the use of sensory congruency and atmospherics.
Sources of variance in the audiovisual perception of speech in noise
Authors: Nahanni Celina C. , Deonarine Justin M. , Paré Martin , Munhall Kevin G. 
Published: November 2012

The sight of a talker’s face dramatically influences the perception of auditory speech. This effect is most commonly observed when subjects are presented audiovisual (AV) stimuli in the presence of acoustic noise. However, the magnitude of the gain in perception that vision adds varies considerably in published work. Here we report data from an ongoing study of individual differences in AV speech perception when English words are presented in an acoustically noisy background. A large set of monosyllablic nouns was presented at 7 signal-to-noise ratios (pink noise) in both AV and auditory-only (AO) presentation modes. The stimuli were divided into 14 blocks of 25 words and each block was equated for spoken frequency using the SUBTLEXus database (Brysbaert and New, 2009). The presentation of the stimulus blocks was counterbalanced across subjects for noise level and presentation. In agreement with Sumby and Pollack (1954), the accuracy of both AO and AV increase monotonically with signal strength with the greatest visual gain being when the auditory signal was weakest. These average results mask considerable variability due to subject (individual differences in auditory and visual perception), stimulus (lexical type, token articulation) and presentation (signal and noise attributes) factors. We will discuss how these sources of variance impede comparisons between studies.