bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ir(III)‐Based Photosensitizer‐Loaded M1 Macrophage Exosomes for Synergistic Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Kang Tianyi , Wu Xue , Wang Fangliang , Shi Yuxin , Wei Fangfang , Dong Ming , Xiao Shuting , Qian Yuhan , Zha Menglei , Li Chong , Chen Feng , Li Kai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of organic photosensitizers with effective reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation remains one of the urgent needs for cancer therapy. In this study, a simple strategy is developed to endow the intrinsic non‐photosensitizer fluorophores with profound ROS‐generating ability upon light irradiation. This strategy is featured by introducing donor–acceptor (D‐A) structured fluorophores as auxiliary ligands into the Ir(III) metal complex, which provides the Ir(III) metal center‐based triplet state (T1) as an energy level springboard to efficiently enhance the energy transition to the D‐A ligand‐based triplet state (T1'). The energy level difference between T1 and T1' can be regulated through altering the cyclometalated ligands of Ir(III), facilitating the energy transfer from T1 to T1' for augmented ROS generation. To improve the pharmacological properties of the obtained D‐A coordinated Ir(III) complex, it is incorporated with the exosomes extracted from M1 phenotype macrophages (M1‐Exos). The generated nanocomplexes are able to trigger synergistic photodynamic therapy, facilitating the reprogramming of tumor‐associated macrophages and eradicating the tumors in mice. This study provides a general strategy to transform non‐photosensitizer fluorophores into effective photosensitizers for biomedical applications.
Recent Advances and Prospects in High‐Performance Bio‐Based Phthalonitrile Resins
Authors: Bulgakov Boris A. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhthalontirile resins are renowned as the most heat‐resistant polymeric materials and exhibit exceptional performance under harsh conditions. Consequently, phthalonitrile thermosets offer the potential to substitute metals in hot parts, thereby broadening the operational limits of plastic materials in high‐tech applications. Given their unique combination of properties, phthalonitriles have garnered significant demand across sectors such as aerospace, automotive, electronics, and renewable energy. With industrial production and application of phthalonitriles recently initiated in several countries, questions regarding the sustainability of these materials have naturally arisen. Thermosetting materials, owing to their highly cross‐linked architecture, cannot be recycled, necessitating the adoption of synthetic methods utilizing bio‐feedstock raw materials and green protocols to mitigate their environmental impact. The present prospective review summarizes and analyzes the current state‐of‐the‐art in bio‐based phthalonitrile resins and discusses potential directions for research and development of new application areas, with a focus on the challenge of maintaining high‐performance levels during the transition to bio‐based raw materials.
Effect of Self‐Incandescent Heating on Superconducting NbN Nanowire Yarn
Authors: Park Jeongmin , Kim Jeong‐Gyun , Hong Sung Ju , Yun Yoojoo , Ryu Jung Hyun , Wang Feng , Kang Haeyong , Suh Dongseok 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA flexible superconducting yarn composed of twisted niobium nitride (NbN) nanofibrils is developed and exhibited a superconducting transition temperature that met the reported record of ≈17 K. NbN is sputter‐deposited onto a template of aligned single‐layer carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets and subsequently processed by post‐Joule heat annealing following the insertion of twists. Considering self‐Joule heating approaches the level of incandescent light emission, the melting, reflow, and recrystallization of the NbN layer around each CNT template occurred, considerably enhancing the macroscopic superconducting properties of the NbN nanofibrillar yarn, including the critical current density and critical magnetic field. Furthermore, the superconducting performance, which degrades as a result of mechanical damage to the internal structure under excessive stress such as bending, can be restored by the reflow of the NbN during this process. Considering the melting point of NbN is higher than 2800 K, the proposed incandescent light‐emission‐driven Joule self‐heating process is considered an effective method for improving the properties of CNT‐templated metal hybrid yarns.
Rational Design of 3D Space Connected Donor–Acceptor System in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Xie Yinghui , Mao Fengyi , Rong Qiuyu , Liu Xiaolu , Hao Mengjie , Chen Zhongshan , Yang Hui , Waterhouse Geoffrey I. N. , Ma Shengqian , Wang Xiangke 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHerein, a rational strategy is presented to reduce the energy barrier of singlet ground state to singlet excited state transitions, whilst simultaneously reducing energy losses in populating triplet excited states. The approach relies on constructing 3D space connected donor–acceptor systems in COFs. The 3D space connected D–A system in 8‐connected 3D COFs (denoted as COF‐1 and COF‐2) allows the efficient transfer of electrons, overcoming the traditional electron transport limitations of 2D COFs and significantly boosting the solar energy utilization efficiency under visible light irradiation. COF‐2, possessing an extended π‐conjugated structure relative to COF‐1, demonstrated high selectivity for the photocatalytic generation of H2O2 (6.93 mmol g−1 h−1) in natural seawater without the need for sacrificial reagents, exceeding the performance of most previously reported COF‐based photocatalysts. The 3D space connected D–A system reported in this work offers a new approach for optimizing electron and energy transfer in COF‐based photocatalysts for H2O2 production and other applications.
Overcoming Chemical Dissociation Processes: Electrochemical Modulation of High‐Affinity Binding Sites for Rapid Uranium Extraction from Seawater
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Wang Zeyu , Ma Rongchen , Cao Jiarui , Ruan Xianghui , Cao Doudou , Song Yingbo , Chen Shusen , Song Yan , Wang Fengju , Yuan Ye , Yang Yajie , Zhu Guangshan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCurrently reported adsorption (hydroxyl or amidoxime) groups must dissociate hydrogen ions to form ─O− units for the coordination with uranyl ions. However, this process suffers a high energy barrier for bond dissociation, leading to the sluggish uptake speed and low adsorption capacity for uranium extraction from natural seawater. Herein, this study proposes a strategy for electrochemical modulation of adsorption sites, which overcomes the chemical dissociation processes of hydrogen ions. Poly‐2,5‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone containing redox carbonyl groups is intercalated into the channels of a covalent organic framework (COF) through in situ cross‐linking of 2,5‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐benzoquinone. Under electrochemical modulation, the C═O groups are transformed into adjacent phenol–oxygen anions to cooperate with the coordination atoms (O and N) on the COF channel for rapid binding of uranyl ions, which gave an absorption rate of 4.2 mg g−1 d−1 (≈3.3 ppb of uranium in natural seawater). Notably, the COF‐based electrodes delivered an average capacity of ≈20.8 mg‐U per g for uranyl ion adsorption during 5 days of extraction, ≈3000 times larger than that of classical tannin‐based adsorbents. The proposed method for preparing electrochemically modulated binding sites is expected to provide guidance for designing high‐efficiency adsorbents in the future.
Narrowband Organic Photodetectors: From Fundamentals to Prospects
Authors: Zhao Xingchao , Wang Jian , Liu Ming , Ma Xiaoling , Zhang Fujun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOrganic photodetectors (OPDs) have achieved rapid development due to the emergence of organic semiconducting materials with high absorption coefficient and tunable optical bandgap, as well as the progress in device physics and engineering. The working mechanism and fundamental parameters of OPDs are briefly introduced. Some smart strategies for realizing high performance photovoltaic type narrowband OPDs (PV‐NB‐OPDs) and photomultiplication type narrowband OPDs (PM‐NB‐OPDs) are comprehensively reviewed. The recent progress of PV‐NB‐OPDs and PM‐NB‐OPDs is systematically introduced from fundamentals to prospects, exhibiting colorful development and application potential in full‐color imaging, spectroscopic photodetection, medical monitoring, and optical communication, which may promote their rapid development for the potential applications.
Invoking Ultralong Organic Phosphorescence by Locking Dimeric Chromophores Through Multiple Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Wang Yuefei , Lin Zhenyi , Zhang Zaiyong , Li Xian , Yao Xiaokang , Yang Huanyu , Zheng Han , Zhao Yi , Wu Beishen , An Zhongfu , Cai Suzhi , Ma Huili , Huang Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUltralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) is essential for potential applications in bioelectronics and optoelectronics. However, the precise design of UOP materials remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a facile strategy is presented to confine dimeric chromophores for triggering UOP emission, based on the manipulation of the carbonyl, sulfonyl, and amino groups within organic phosphors. The experimental data reveal that saccharin analogs in crystals containing dimeric chromophores, confined by the (3D) hydrogen‐bonded networks, exhibit ultralong emission lifetime of up to 635 ms under ambient conditions. Whereas for saccharin analogue crystals lacking dimeric chromophores, the lifetime decreases to 54 ms, resulting in the absence of UOP emission. Moreover, the non‐toxic saccharin crystals with UOP have succeeded in drug anti‐counterfeiting. These findings will open a novel avenue for the design UOP materials and broaden the domain of UOP to diverse applications.
Probiotics‐Loaded Selenium Nanoparticles Effectively Alleviated DSS‐Induced Colitis by Scavenging ROS and Remodeling Intestinal Innate Immune and Microbiota
Authors: Yao Yao , Xue Binqing , Lessing Duncan James , Chu Weihua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlterations in the intestinal microenvironment, including increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), abnormalities in intestinal mucosal immune regulation, and dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota, are crucial to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Herein, an oral colon‐targeting Se‐Probiotic@Alginate bead (BLSe) with ROS‐scavenging ability and gut immune‐microbiota microenvironment remodeling ability is developed using alginate as the primary outer shell encapsulated with probiotics Bacillus licheniformis (BL) and selenium nanoparticles stabilized by yeast glucan (SeNPs). In vitro studies have shown that SeNPs possess antioxidant activity and BLSe exhibits excellent stability in gastric fluids and are released in intestinal fluids. In vivo studies have also shown that BLSe significantly alleviated dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice by inhibiting colon shortening, enhancing antioxidant activity, reducing pro‐inflammatory cytokine secretion, and protecting the intestinal mucosal barrier. 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing shows that BLSe can remodel the composition of the gut microbiota by improving bacterial diversity and restoring the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria in the colon. Overall, this study advances a promising probiotic‐based nanomedicine for managing IBD.
Room‐Temperature Blackbody‐Sensitive Photodetector with Visible‐To‐Long‐Wavelength‐Infrared Photoresponse and Ultrafast Speed Based on a Te/PtSe2 Heterostructure
Authors: Dai Zhiyuan , Yu Yu , Guan Haibiao , Wang Ruowen , Ye Tao , Bu Yonghao , Deng Jie , Shi Mengdie , Xin Rui , Li Tianxin , Shu Haibo , Chen Xiaoshuang , Zhou Jing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRoom‐temperature blackbody‐sensitive infrared photodetectors with ultra‐broadband and ultrafast photoresponses are highly desired in numerous scientific and technical fields. However, it is challenging for an infrared photodetector to simultaneously possess all the aforementioned characteristics. In this study, a room‐temperature Te/PtSe2 heterostructure photodetector is established to address this challenge, utilizing the built‐in field of the heterostructure, the crossing conduction and valence bands of PtSe2, the high mobilities of both materials, and a considerable photogain. The device is photoresponsive over the ultrabroad wavelength range (519 nm–10 µm). The peak responsivity and specific detectivity reach 196.8 A W−1, and 4.3 × 109 cm Hz1/2 W−1, respectively, at the wavelength of 3.32 µm. The device also exhibits blackbody sensitivity, with a responsivity of 24.8 A W−1, and a specific detectivity of 7.4 × 108 cm Hz1/2 W−1. The photoresponse is ultrafast, corresponding to a 3 dB bandwidth of 160 kHz. The study provides new possibilities for high‐performance room‐temperature infrared detection.
Direct Arylation Polycondensation‐Derived Polythiophene Achieves Over 16% Efficiency in Binary Organic Solar Cells via Tuning Aggregation and Miscibility
Authors: Zhang Xuwen , Zhang Tao , Liang Ziqi , Shi Yibo , Li Saimeng , Xu Chenhui , Li Miaomiao , Ye Long , Hou Jianhui , Geng Yanhou 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPolythiophenes are the most appealing donor materials in organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their simple chemical structures. However, the top‐performance polythiophenes are typically synthesized via Stille polycondensation, which is problematic due to significant toxicity and poor atom economy. By contrast, direct arylation polycondensation (DArP) is an eco‐friendly, and atom‐efficient alternative for synthesizing conjugated polymers, while the best efficiency for DArP‐derived polythiophenes is below 12%. This study reports a series of polythiophene‐based donors synthesized via DArP. Among these, PT4F‐Th reaches a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.4%, which not only matches the current record for polythiophene‐based donor materials, but also marks the highest PCE achieved by DArP‐derived donors to date. The superior performance of PT4F‐Th is largely attributed to its optimal temperature‐dependent aggregation behavior and moderate miscibility with acceptors, along with the highest crystallinity among the candidates, resulting in the most favorable blend film morphology. This study underscores the significant potential of DArP‐derived polythiophenes in developing high‐performance and eco‐friendly OSCs.
Comparing the great recession and COVID‐19 using Long Short‐Term Memory: A close look into agricultural commodity prices
Authors: Amin Modhurima Dey , Badruddoza Syed , Sarasty Oscar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe employ a neural network (NN) approach—Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM)—to study agricultural commodity prices during the 2008 Great Recession and the COVID‐19 recession. Our analysis reveals more structural breaks and higher volatility in plant‐based commodities like corn and soybeans during recessions compared with animal‐based commodities. The price reactions varied among commodities, with corn responding first to both recessions, while milk price, which was found independent of other prices, recovered last from the financial recession and first from the disease‐induced recession. This insight into commodity behavior during recessions can aid in trend prediction and recession preparation for investors and researchers.
Dynamics of productivity in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] in subtropical Australia
Authors: Mahendraraj Sabampillai , Collins Marisa , Chauhan Yash , Mellor Vincent , Rachaputi Rao C. N. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPigeonpea productivity can be enhanced by optimally matching the physiology of genotypes to environmental conditions. Information on crop responses to the environment has been lacking for the short‐duration pigeonpea genotypes, which are being trialed to develop the Australian pigeonpea industry. The objective of this study was to examine the dynamics of productivity in relation to radiation use efficiency (RUE) and its influence on yield partitioning. Seven field trials, employing three pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.). Millsp.] genotypes, were established at the Gatton Campus, the University of Queensland, Australia, in 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 summer seasons. The study reveals that leaf area development, influenced by growing environment, genotypes, and their interactions, were the key factors for the differences in leaf area duration and RUE. Pigeonpea planted in December had higher seasonal (1.11 g MJ−1) as well as reproductive (0.71 g MJ−1) RUE, resulting in significant differences in total dry matter (TDM) and grain yield (GY). GY was positively associated with seasonal RUE (R2 = 0.62), and the relationship was stronger (R2 = 0.83) for the reproductive phase (RUE(R)). The positive association between GY and RUE(R) suggested that maintaining optimum leaf area during the grain filling period is crucial to achieve higher productivity. Variations in GY were related to amount and rate of TDM accumulation before flowering (R2 = 0.51 and R2 = 0.53, respectively). Hence, achieving greater TDM before flowering was determinant for achieving higher productivity. The present study provided updated information on dynamics of productivity that will enable more comprehensive modelling of pigeonpea adaptation under subtropical conditions.
Diffusion behaviors of binary mixtures of alkanes and aromatics through ZSM‐5 zeolite: A kinetic Monte Carlo study
Authors: Gray Brian , Kuhn John , Joseph Babu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiffusion of hydrocarbon species in an MFI‐type zeolite was investigated using a coarse‐grained approach combined with Kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations. The model was employed to capture and isolate the essential characteristics of hydrocarbon diffusion such as molecular pushing, passing, and blocking. A modified Lennard‐Jones type forcefield was used to approximate interactions between molecules, and molecules with the oxygen in the zeolite lattice. The basis for the rate expressions is configurational diffusion theory, which has been adjusted to account for an accurate representation of the motions of hydrocarbon molecules trapped in the zeolite. Diffusion coefficients were estimated for low and high loading of single hydrocarbons as well as binary mixtures. In all cases studied, reasonable agreement was achieved with reported experimental data and molecular dynamics simulations. The model is conceptualized as an analytical tool that may be used to address key engineering topics such as applications of zeolites as size‐selective barriers.
Clinical outcomes and microenvironment profiling in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients with extramedullary disease receiving anti‐BCMA CAR T‐cell‐based therapy
Authors: Qi Yuekun , Li Hujun , Qi Kunming , Zhu Feng , Cheng Hai , Chen Wei , Yan Zhiling , Li Depeng , Sang Wei , Fei Xiaoming , Gu Weiying , Miao Yuqing , Huang Hongming , Wang Ying , Qiu Tingting , Qiao Jianlin , Pan Bin , Shi Ming , Wang Gang , Li Zhenyu , Zheng Junnian , Xu Kailin , Cao Jiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRelapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients with extramedullary disease (EMD) have unfavorable prognosis and lack effective therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell activities in EMD have yet to be determined; how EMD‐specific microenvironment influences the clinical outcomes of CAR T‐cell therapy remains of great interest. In this prospective cohort study, patients with histologically confirmed extra‐osseous EMD were enrolled and treated with combined anti‐BCMA and anti‐CD19 CAR T‐cell therapy from May 2017 to September 2023. Thirty‐one patients were included in the study. Overall response occurred in 90.3% of medullary disease and 64.5% of EMD (p = .031). Discrepancies in treatment response were noted between medullary and extramedullary diseases, with EMD exhibiting suboptimal and delayed response, as well as shortened response duration. With a median follow‐up of 25.3 months, the median progression‐free and overall survival were 5.0 and 9.7 months, respectively. Landmark analysis demonstrated that progression within 6 months post‐infusion is strongly associated with an increased risk of death (HR = 4.58; p = .029). Compared with non‐EMD patients, patients with EMD showed inferior survival outcomes. Unique CAR‐associated local toxicities at EMD were seen in 22.6% patients and correlated with the occurrence and severity of systemic cytokine release syndrome. To the cutoff date, 65% treated patients experienced EMD progression, primarily in the form of BCMA+ progression. The pretherapy EMD immunosuppressive microenvironment, characterized by infiltration of exhausted CD8+ T cells, was associated with inferior clinical outcomes. CAR T cells have therapeutic activity in relapsed/refractory EMD, but the long‐term survival benefits may be limited. EMD‐specific microenvironment potentially impacts treatment. Further efforts are needed to extend EMD remission and improve long‐term outcomes.
Bot fly parasitism in mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata): General patterns and climate influences
Authors: Ortíz‐Zárate Ricardo J. , Rangel‐Negrín Ariadna , Coyohua‐Fuentes Alejandro , Ibáñez‐Bernal Sergio , Cristóbal‐Azkarate Jurgi , Dias Pedro A. D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractParasitism is a strong selective pressure, and its study is crucial for predicting the persistence of host species. Mantled howler monkeys are infected by the larvae of the bot fly Cuterebra baeri. This parasitosis produces myiasis and may have negative impacts on host health, although systematic information on the dynamics of this host‐parasite relationship is very limited. Currently, all available information on infection patterns of C. baeri comes from a single mantled howler monkey population (Barro Colorado Island, Panama). Therefore, in this study we describe temporal variation in infection patterns for a newly mantled howler monkey population and analyze the relationship between climate and infection likelihood. We assessed the presence of C. baeri nodules in 17 adult individuals in Los Tuxtlas for 10 months through direct observation and compiled data on ambient temperature and rainfall. Most subjects had nodules during the study and there were no differences between sexes in the number of nodules. Nodules were usually located in the neck. Prevalence and abundance of nodules peaked thrice during the study (February, April, and September), a pattern that was very similar to that of parasitism intensity (February, April, and August). Incidence closely tracked these peaks, increasing before and decreasing after them. The likelihood of nodule appearance increased when both mean and minimum temperature decreased in the 24–21 prior days to nodule appearance. It also increased with decreased rainfall in the 5–2 prior days to nodule appearance. Although only three of the eight analyzed climate variables had a significant effect on parasitosis, these results suggest that climate may affect pupal development and the access of larvae to hosts. Besides contributing data on C. baeri parasitism for a new mantled howler monkey population, our study provides novel information on the influence of environmental factors on the dynamics of host‐parasite systems.