bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
QD-Salt Mixed Crystals: the Influence of Salt-Type, Free-Stabilizer, and pH
Authors: Adam Marcus , Tietze Remo , Gaponik Nikolai , Eychmüller Alexander 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) bear a huge potential in different
application fields due to their unique properties. Unfortunately,
their limited stability against environmental influences and the
limited processability of the colloidal solutions restricts, among
other factors, their widespread implementation. Incorporating the QDs
into an inorganic matrix allows overcoming of these barriers. In this
manuscript, we demonstrate the reproducible incorporation of high
quality CdTe QDs capped with thioglycolic acid into NaCl
and KCl salt crystals. In comparison to previous reports, here
we avoided the production of powder-like, weakly emitting mixed
crystals and/or a loss of large amounts of QDs due to
aggregation. The optimum conditions for this process were found by the
variation of the amount of additional free-stabilizer and the pH of
the saturated salt solutions. Both variables exhibit high influence on
the colloidal stability of the QDs, ensuring the electrostatic forces
on their surface to be high enough to prevent
agglomeration. Incorporation in NaCl as host matrix is
accompanied with pronounced etching of the QDs, causing a blue shift
of the photoluminescence (PL)-spectra upon incorporation while
KCl preserves the original optical properties of the QDs. Under
optimized conditions, even the matrix-induced red shift of the
emission upon incorporation can be overcome, resulting in a higher
predictability of the mixed crystal preparation.
Using P-wave velocity logs with petrofabric effects to map natural and blast-induced fractures in hard rocks
Authors: Promma Kitchakarn 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A challenging task in environmental geophysics is to locate fractures near a leaching stope in an underground mine. Existing methods for interpreting sonic logs do not incorporate petrofabric effects. The petrofabric effects are variations of P-wave velocities caused by textural variations in the lithology. This paper describes a new concept of using the petrofabric effects in the logs to determine anomalies of natural and blast-induced fractures in hard rocks. Full-waveform acoustic logs were acquired near an underground stope at the Colorado School of Mines Experimental Mine, Idaho Springs, Colorado. Data acquisition occurred once before the stope was blasted and twice after the blast event. Laboratory studies show that the petrofabric effects range from 4 to 15 percent. This variation depends on rock types. To interpret location of fractures, variation envelopes of petrofabric effects were placed in P-wave velocity logs. P-wave velocities that are lower than lower limits of the variation envelopes indicate natural and blast-induced fractures. Results show that the blasting broke the entire rock mass within 6 ft from the stope's perimeter. The use of petrofabric effect interpretation improves effectiveness of P-wave velocity logs in identifying fractures.
Exogenous thyrotoxicosis in dogs attributable to consumption of all-meat commercial dog food or treats containing excessive thyroid hormone: 14 cases (2008–2013)
Authors: Broome Michael R. , Peterson Mark E. , Kemppainen Robert J. , Parker Valerie J. , Richter Keith P. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Objective—To describe findings in dogs with exogenous thyrotoxicosis attributable to consumption of commercially available dog foods or treats containing high concentrations of thyroid hormone.
Design—Retrospective and prospective case series.
Animals—14 dogs.
Procedures—Medical records were retrospectively searched to identify dogs with exogenous thyrotoxicosis attributable to dietary intake. One case was found, and subsequent cases were identified prospectively. Serum thyroid hormone concentrations were evaluated before and after feeding meat-based products suspected to contain excessive thyroid hormone was discontinued. Scintigraphy was performed to evaluate thyroid tissue in 13 of 14 dogs before and 1 of 13 dogs after discontinuation of suspect foods or treats. Seven samples of 5 commercially available products fed to 6 affected dogs were analyzed for thyroxine concentration; results were subjectively compared with findings for 10 other commercial foods and 6 beef muscle or liver samples.
Results—Total serum thyroxine concentrations were high (median, 8.8 μg/dL; range, 4.65 to 17.4 μg/dL) in all dogs at initial evaluation; scintigraphy revealed subjectively decreased thyroid gland radionuclide in 13 of 13 dogs examined. At ≥ 4 weeks after feeding of suspect food or treats was discontinued, total thyroxine concentrations were within the reference range for all dogs and signs associated with thyrotoxicosis, if present, had resolved. Analysis of tested food or treat samples revealed a median thyroxine concentration for suspect products of 1.52 μg of thyroxine/g, whereas that of unrelated commercial foods was 0.38 μg of thyroxine/g.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that thyrotoxicosis can occur secondary to consumption of meat-based products presumably contaminated by thyroid tissue, and can be reversed by identification and elimination of suspect products from the diet.
Coastal Fog, Climate Change, and the Environment
Authors: Torregrosa Alicia , O'Brien Travis A. , Faloona Ian C. 
Published: December 2014

Coastal marine fog, a characteristic feature of climates generated at the eastern boundaries of ocean basins worldwide, evokes different feelings in those who experience it (see Figure 1). Authors and poets use fog to represent mystery, bleakness, and confusion. Film directors seek out fog to shroud scenes in eerie gloominess. Tourists visiting beaches bemoan the cool and damp conditions that create a striking contrast to the sunny warm conditions typically found less than a few kilometers inland. Airline passengers delayed by fog impatiently wait for the skies to clear. Residents get used to the Sun “rising” in midday after fog dissipates.
Effect of Solvent and Protonation/Deprotonation on Electrochemistry, Spectroelectrochemistry and Electron‐Transfer Mechanisms of N‐Confused Tetraarylporphyrins in Nonaqueous Media
Authors: Xue Songlin , Ou Zhongping , Ye Lina , Lu Guifen , Fang Yuanyuan , Jiang Xiaoqin , Kadish Karl M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA series of N‐confused free‐base meso‐substituted tetraarylporphyrins was investigated by electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry in nonaqueous media containing 0.1 M tetra‐n‐butylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) and added acid or base. The investigated compounds are represented as (XPh)4NcpH2, in which “Ncp” is the N‐confused porphyrin macrocycle and X is a OCH3, CH3, H, or Cl substituent on the para position of each meso‐phenyl ring of the macrocycle. Two distinct types of UV/Vis spectra are initially observed depending upon solvent, one corresponding to an inner‐2H form and the other to an inner‐3H form of the porphyrin. Both forms have an inverted pyrrole with a carbon inside the cavity and a nitrogen on the periphery of the π‐system. Each porphyrin undergoes multiple irreversible reductions and oxidations. The first one‐electron addition and first one‐electron abstraction are located on the porphyrin π‐ring system to give π‐anion and π‐cation radicals with a potential separation of 1.52 to 1.65 V between the two processes, but both electrogenerated products are unstable and undergo a rapid chemical reaction to give new electroactive species, which were characterized in the present study. The effect of the solvent and protonation/deprotonation reactions on the UV/Vis spectra, redox potentials and reduction/oxidation mechanisms is discussed with comparisons made to data and mechanisms for the structurally related free‐base corroles and porphyrins.
Cooperative GeN Bond Activation in Aluminium‐Functionalised Aminogermanes and Spontaneous Imine Elimination via an Intermediate Germyl Cation
Authors: Uhl Werner , Tannert Jens , Honacker Christian , Layh Marcus , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Risthaus Tobias , Grimme Stefan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHydrometallation of iPr2NGe(CMe3)(CCCMe3)2 with HM(CMe3)2 (M=Al, Ga) affords alkenyl–alkynylgermanes in which the Lewis‐acidic metal atoms are not coordinated by the amino N atoms but by the α‐C atoms of the ethynyl groups. These interactions result in a lengthening of the GeC bonds by approximately 10 pm and a comparably strong deviation of the GeCC angle from linearity (154.3(1)°). This unusual behaviour may be caused by steric shielding of the N atoms. Coordination of the metal atoms by the amino groups is observed upon hydrometallation of Et2NGe(C6H5)(CCCMe3)2, bearing a smaller NR2 group. Strong MN interactions lead to a lengthening of the GeN bonds by 10 to 15 pm and a strong deviation of the M atoms from the MC3 plane by 52 and 47 pm, for Al and Ga, respectively. Dual hydrometallation is achieved only with HAl(CMe3)2. In the product, there is a strong AlN bond with converging AlN and GeN distances (208 vs. 200 pm) and an interaction of the second Al atom to the phenyl group. Addition of chloride anions terminates the latter interaction while the activated GeN bond undergoes an unprecedented elimination of EtNC(H)Me at room temperature, leading to a germane with a GeH bond. State‐of‐the‐art DFT calculations reveal that the unique mechanism comprises the transfer of the amino group from Ge to Al to yield an intermediate germyl cation as a strong Lewis acid, which induces β‐hydride elimination, with chloride binding being crucial for providing the thermodynamic driving force.
Distributions of vesicular glutamate transporters 1 and 2 in the visual system of tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri)
Authors: Balaram P. , Isaamullah M. , Petry H.M. , Bickford M.E. , Kaas J.H. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTVesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) proteins regulate the storage and release of glutamate from synapses of excitatory neurons. Two isoforms, VGLUT1 and VGLUT2, are found in most glutamatergic projections across the mammalian visual system, and appear to differentially identify subsets of excitatory projections between visual structures. To expand current knowledge on the distribution of VGLUT isoforms in highly visual mammals, we examined the mRNA and protein expression patterns of VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), superior colliculus, pulvinar complex, and primary visual cortex (V1) in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri), which are closely related to primates but classified as a separate order (Scandentia). We found that VGLUT1 was distributed in intrinsic and corticothalamic connections, whereas VGLUT2 was predominantly distributed in subcortical and thalamocortical connections. VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 were coexpressed in the LGN and in the pulvinar complex, as well as in restricted layers of V1, suggesting a greater heterogeneity in the range of efferent glutamatergic projections from these structures. These findings provide further evidence that VGLUT1 and VGLUT2 identify distinct populations of excitatory neurons in visual brain structures across mammals. Observed variations in individual projections may highlight the evolution of these connections through the mammalian lineage. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1792–1808, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental Charge Density Evidence for Pnicogen Bonding in a Crystal of Ammonium Chloride
Authors: Nelyubina Yulia V. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Lyssenko Konstantin A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChemical binding in crystalline ammonium chloride, a simple inorganic salt with an unexpectedly complex bonding pattern, was studied by using a topological analysis of electron density function derived from high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction. Supported by periodic quantum chemical calculations, it provided experimental evidence for weak σ‐hole bonds (1.5 kcal mol−1) that involve ammonium cations in a crystal. Our results show this type of supramolecular interaction to be more numerous than has been found to date by using gas‐phase calculations or statistical analysis of CSD.
Optofluidic droplet router
Authors: Esseling Michael , Zaltron Annamaria , Horn Wolfgang , Denz Cornelia 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis contribution presents an optofluidic droplet router which is able to route and steer microdroplets using optically induced forces created solely by the bulk photovoltaic effect on a nonlinear substrate. The combination of microfluidic tools with the properties of a photorefractive crystal allows for the generation of dielectrophoretic forces that can be either repulsive, leading to virtual barriers, or attractive, creating virtual rails. The sign of these forces is solely determined by the electrical properties of the liquid medium under investigation. Moreover, the induced structures on the bottom of the microfluidic channel are optically reconfigurable, so that the same device can easily be adopted for different purposes. Appropriate droplet‐generating devices are fabricated by UV illumination of SU‐8 and polydimethylsiloxane replica molding of the master structures. The bottom of the channels is formed by an iron‐doped lithium niobate crystal, whose internal electric fields are induced by structured illumination patterns and exert dielectrophoretic forces on droplets in the microfluidic section.
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Functional organic single crystals for solid‐state laser applications
Authors: Fang Hong‐Hua , Yang Jie , Feng Jing , Yamao Takeshi , Hotta Shu , Sun Hong‐Bo 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn the article by Hong‐Hua Fang et al. (doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201300222), published in Laser Photonics Rev. 8, 687–715 (2014), the names of two authors in references were wrongly spelt and citations in the text were missing. This erratum is published to correct this.
Transcranial direct current stimulation promotes the mobility of engrafted NSCs in the rat brain
Authors: Keuters Meike Hedwig , Aswendt Markus , Tennstaedt Annette , Wiedermann Dirk , Pikhovych Anton , Rotthues Steffen , Fink Gereon Rudolf , Schroeter Michael , Hoehn Mathias , Rueger Maria Adele 
Published: December 2014

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is used in numerous clinical studies and considered an effective and versatile add‐on therapy in neurorehabilitation. To date, however, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain elusive. In a rat model of tDCS, we recently observed a polarity‐dependent accumulation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) in the stimulated cortex. Based upon these findings, we hypothesized that tDCS may exert a direct migratory effect on endogenous NSCs towards the stimulated cortex. Using noninvasive imaging, we here investigated whether tDCS may also cause a directed migration of engrafted NSCs.Murine NSCs were labeled with superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide (SPIOs) and implanted into rat striatum and corpus callosum. MRI was performed (i) immediately after implantation and (ii) after 10 tDCS sessions of anodal or cathodal polarity. Sham‐stimulated rats served as control. Imaging results were validated ex vivo using immunohistochemistry.Overall migratory activity of NSCs almost doubled after anodal tDCS. However, no directed migration within the electric field (i.e. towards or away from the electrode) could be observed. Rather, an undirected outward migration from the center of the graft was detected. Xenograft transplantation induced a neuroinflammatory response that was significantly enhanced following cathodal tDCS. This inflammatory response did not impact negatively on the survival of implanted NSCs.Data suggest that anodal tDCS increases the undirected migratory activity of implanted NSCs. Since the electric field did not guide implanted NSCs over large distances, previously observed polarity‐dependent accumulation of endogenous NSCs in the cortex might have originated from local proliferation. Results enhance our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying tDCS, and may thereby help to develop a targeted and sustainable application of tDCS in clinical practice. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erbin interacts with c‐Cbl and promotes tumourigenesis and tumour growth in colorectal cancer by preventing c‐Cbl‐mediated ubiquitination and down‐regulation of EGFR
Authors: Yao Su , Zheng Ping , Wu Hua , Song Li‐Ming , Ying Xiao‐Fang , Xing Cheng , Li Ying , Xiao Zheng‐Quan , Zhou Xing‐Ni , Shen Tong , Chen Lin , Liu Yu‐Hong , Lai Mao‐De , Mei Lin , Gao Tian‐Ming , Li Jian‐Ming 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is implicated in many types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC), and has become one of the most common candidates for targeted therapy. Here, we found that Erbin, a member of the leucine‐rich repeat and PDZ domain (LAP) family, plays a key role in EGFR signalling. Erbin inhibited EGFR ubiquitination and stabilized the EGFR protein by interacting with c‐Cbl. Moreover, the PDZ domain of Erbin was critical for the interaction between Erbin and c‐Cbl and EGFR ubiquitination. Interestingly, Erbin expression was elevated in tumour samples from CRC patients, increased in advanced clinical stage disease and correlated with EGFR expression. In vivo studies using mouse xenograft models of CRC showed that Erbin promotes tumour growth, and that the effects of Erbin on tumour growth are mainly related to the regulatory effects of Erbin on EGFR. The azoxymethane (AOM)‐induced colon carcinogenesis model in ErbinΔC/ΔC mice, with the PDZ domain of Erbin deleted, demonstrated that the PDZ domain of Erbin and its regulation of EGFR signalling are necessary for the tumourigenesis and tumour growth of CRC. We found that Erbin promotes tumourigenesis and tumour growth in CRC by stabilizing EGFR. Our study sheds light on developing Erbin, especially its PDZ domain, as a potential target for CRC treatment. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absolute instability of Lur'e systems and its application to oscillation analysis of uncertain genetic networks
Authors: Inoue Masaki , Imura Jun‐ichi , Kashima Kenji , Suzuki Masayasu , Aihara Kazuyuki 
Published: December 2014

SummaryWe derive instability criteria for Lur'e systems with sector‐bounded nonlinearities and uncertain external signals. First, we define absolute instability of an equilibrium and derive an absolute instability condition for a fixed equilibrium point in terms of a linear matrix inequality, which is analogous to the well‐known circle stability criterion. Then, the condition is extended to a parametric absolute instability condition, which is applicable to the instability test of a Lur'e system with an equilibrium point whose location is affected by uncertain nonlinearities and uncertain external signals. Finally, we show that the proposed analysis method is useful through the oscillation analysis of an uncertain genetic network model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive B-spline volume representation of measured BRDF data for photorealistic rendering
Authors: Park Hyungjun , Lee Joo-Haeng 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Measured bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) data have been used to represent complex interaction between lights and surface materials for photorealistic rendering. However, their massive size makes it hard to adopt them in practical rendering applications. In this paper, we propose an adaptive method for B-spline volume representation of measured BRDF data. It basically performs approximate B-spline volume lofting, which decomposes the problem into three sub-problems of multiple B-spline curve fitting along u-, v-, and w-parametric directions. Especially, it makes the efficient use of knots in the multiple B-spline curve fitting and thereby accomplishes adaptive knot placement along each parametric direction of a resulting B-spline volume. The proposed method is quite useful to realize efficient data reduction while smoothing out the noises and keeping the overall features of BRDF data well. By applying the B-spline volume models of real materials for rendering, we show that the B-spline volume models are effective in preserving the features of material appearance and are suitable for representing BRDF data.
Price Stability and Central Bank Independence: Discipline, Credibility, and Democratic Institutions
Authors: Bodea Cristina , Hicks Raymond 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDespite mixed empirical evidence, in the past two decades central bank independence (CBI) has been on the rise under the assumption that it ensures price stability. Using an encompassing theoretical approach and new yearly data for de jure CBI (seventy-eight countries, 1973–2008), we reexamine this relationship, distinguishing the role of printing less money (discipline) from the public's beliefs about the central bank's likely actions (credibility). Democracies differ from dictatorships in the likelihood of political interference and changes to the law because of the presence of political opposition and the freedom to expose government actions. CBI in democracies should be directly reflected in lower money supply growth. Besides being more disciplinarian, it also ensures a more robust money demand by reducing inflation expectations and, therefore, inflation. Empirical results are robust and support a discipline effect conditioned by political institutions, as well as a credibility effect.
Oceanographic scenario and fish larval distribution off Guinea-Bissau (north-west Africa)
Authors: Jiménez M.P. , Sánchez-Leal R.F. , González C. , García-Isarch E. , García A. 
Published: December 2014

This paper describes the hydrography and the larval fish assemblage of Guinea Bissau waters, and analyses the spatial distribution of the main families in relation to the oceanographic features of the area. Data were obtained during an oceanographic survey, undertaken between October and November 2008. In addition to 98 demersal fishing hauls, a total of 33 stations, located between 20 and 1000 m depth, were sampled for hydrography and ichthyoplankton. Data showed that Guinea-Bissauan surface waters are characterized by a strong thermohaline front that flows parallel to the bathymetry of the area. Warm surface waters (SST > 29°C) occupy the inner shelf, and colder (SST < 26°C), chlorophyll-a-rich waters take over the shelf break. Continental runoff seems responsible for the low salinity of the inner-shelf waters whereas the colder types bear thermohaline features typical of tropical Atlantic waters. These features define a scenario which favours the development of fish early life stages, reflected in the high abundance and diversity of fish larvae recorded. A total of 84 taxa of fish larvae were identified. Only the family Clupeidae accounted for 54.8% of the sampled larvae. Other important families were Carangidae (8.8%), Sparidae (8.4%) and Myctophidae (5.9%).
Atheism Considered as a Christian Sect
Authors: Clark Stephen R.L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAtheists in general need share no particular political or metaphysical views, but atheists of the most modern, Western, militant sort, escaping from a merely nihilistic mind-set, are usually humanists of an especially triumphalist kind. In this paper I offer a critical analysis and partial history of their claims, suggesting that they are members of a distinctively Christian heretical sect, formed in reaction to equally heretical forms of monotheistic idolatry.