bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of histologically scored human knee osteochondral plugs by quantitative analysis of magnetic resonance images at 3T
Authors: Lukas Vanessa A. , Fishbein Kenneth W. , Lin Ping‐Chang , Schär Michael , Schneider Erika , Neu Corey P. , Spencer Richard G. , Reiter David A. 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThis work evaluates the ability of quantitative MRI to discriminate between normal and pathological human osteochondral plugs characterized by the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) histological system. Normal and osteoarthritic human osteochondral plugs were scored using the OARSI histological system and imaged at 3 T using MRI sequences producing T1 and T2 contrast and measuring T1, T2, and T2* relaxation times, magnetization transfer, and diffusion. The classification accuracies of quantitative MRI parameters and corresponding weighted image intensities were evaluated. Classification models based on the Mahalanobis distance metric for each MRI measurement were trained and validated using leave‐one‐out cross‐validation with plugs grouped according to OARSI histological grade and score. MRI measurements used for classification were performed using a region‐of‐interest analysis which included superficial, deep, and full‐thickness cartilage. The best classifiers based on OARSI grade and score were T1‐ and T2‐weighted image intensities, which yielded accuracies of 0.68 and 0.75, respectively. Classification accuracies using OARSI score‐based group membership were generally higher when compared with grade‐based group membership. MRI‐based classification—either using quantitative MRI parameters or weighted image intensities—is able to detect early osteoarthritic tissue changes as classified by the OARSI histological system. These findings suggest the benefit of incorporating quantitative MRI acquisitions in a comprehensive clinical evaluation of OA. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:640–650, 2015.
Transfer accuracy and precision scoring in planar bone cutting validated with ex vivo data
Authors: Milano Federico Edgardo , Ritacco Lucas Eduardo , Farfalli Germán Luis , Bahamonde Luis Alberto , Aponte‐Tinao Luis Alberto , Risk Marcelo 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe use of interactive surgical scenarios for virtual preoperative planning of osteotomies has increased in the last 5 years. As it has been reported by several authors, this technology has been used in tumor resection osteotomies, knee osteotomies, and spine surgery with good results. A digital three‐dimensional preoperative plan makes possible to quantitatively evaluate the transfer process from the virtual plan to the anatomy of the patient. We introduce an exact definition of accuracy and precision of this transfer process for planar bone cutting. We present a method to compute these properties from ex vivo data. We also propose a clinical score to assess the goodness of a cut. A computer simulation is used to characterize the definitions and the data generated by the measurement method. The definitions and method are evaluated in 17 ex vivo planar cuts of tumor resection osteotomies. The results show that the proposed method and definitions are highly correlated with a previous definition of accuracy based in ISO 1101. The score is also evaluated by showing that it distinguishes among different transfer techniques based in its distribution location and shape. The introduced definitions produce acceptable results in cases where the ISO‐based definition produce counter intuitive results. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:699–704, 2015.
18F‐FDG PET‐CT as a supplement to CT/MRI for detection of nodal metastasis in hypopharyngeal SCC with palpably negative neck
Authors: Lee Ho‐Joon , Kim Jinna , Woo Ha Young , Kang Won Jun , Lee Jae‐Hoon , Koh Yoon Woo 
Published: January 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the diagnostic value of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) compared with CT or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the detection of nodal metastasis in patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with palpably negative neck and to assess the role of PET‐CT as a supplement to CT/MR.Study DesignRetrospective analysis.MethodsA total of 39 patients with palpably negative neck (36 men and 3 women; average age 65.4 years) underwent tumor resection and neck dissection as primary treatment. All patients were preoperatively evaluated with PET‐CT and CT and/or MR, and imaging data were retrospectively reviewed. The diagnostic performance of PET‐CT, CT/MR, and a combination of PET‐CT and CT/MR was assessed using histopathologic results as a gold standard.ResultsTwenty (51.3%) of the 39 patients were found to have neck metastases. On a level‐based analysis, the sensitivity of PET‐CT, CT/MR, and combined interpretation of PET‐CT and CT/MR was 65.7%, 57.1%, and 65.7%, respectively, but without statistical significance. Of the six patients who showed false negative neck findings based on CT/MR in addition to palpation, four cases were still missed with additional PET‐CT.ConclusionsThe addition of PET‐CT examination to anatomic imaging involving CT and MR did not provide additional benefit for the preoperative evaluation of cervical nodal metastasis in patients with hypopharyngeal SCC with nonpalpable neck, yielding insufficient data to spare elective neck dissection.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1607–1612, 2015
A randomized controlled trial of stretch‐and‐flow voice therapy for muscle tension Dysphonia
Authors: Watts Christopher R. , Hamilton Amy , Toles Laura , Childs Lesley , Mau Ted 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of stretch‐and‐flow voice therapy on vocal function and handicap.Study DesignRandomized controlled trial.MethodsParticipants with primary muscle tension dysphonia were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups. Experimental participants received vocal hygiene education followed by 6 weeks of stretch‐and‐flow voice therapy. Control participants received vocal hygiene education only. Outcome variables consisted of a measure of vocal handicap (Voice Handicap Index [VHI]), maximum phonation time, s/z ratio, and acoustic measures. All measures were obtained at baseline prior to treatment and within 2 weeks posttreatment or at the end of the control period. The pre‐ to posttreatment measurement change (delta Δ) was applied to statistical analyses.ResultsA multivariate analysis of variance revealed significant group differences in pre‐to‐post changes on measures of VHI, maximum phonation time, and cepstral peak prominence (CPP) in connected speech and vowels (P = 0.003, 0.013, 0.025, and 0.017 respectively), with a significant reduction of VHI (Cohen's d = 1.6), increase in maximum phonation time (Cohen's d = 1.2), increase of CPP in connected speech (Cohen's d = 1.2), and increase of CPP in vowels (Cohen's d = 1.1) in the experimental group compared to the control group.ConclusionsThis preliminary small sample randomized controlled trial found significantly greater improvement in vocal handicap, maximum phonation time, and acoustic measures of vocal function after participants received stretch‐and‐flow voice therapy compared to participants receiving vocal hygiene education alone. Additional research incorporating larger samples will be needed to confirm and further investigate these findings.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 125:1420–1425, 2015
Single intratympanic gentamicin injection in Ménière's disease: VOR change and prognostic usefulness
Authors: Marques Pedro , Manrique‐Huarte Raquel , Perez‐Fernandez Nicolas 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveAssess angular vestibular‐ocular reflex (VOR) changes after treatment with intratympanic gentamicin (ITG) for Ménière's disease (MD) and impact on short‐term follow‐up.DesignProspective study.MethodsPatients submitted to ITG for unilateral MD. The gain VOR and the presence of compensatory saccades elicited by rapid head impulses were measured using the video head impulse test (vHIT).ResultsThe study included 31 subjects (mean age: 59 years). Functional Level Scale (FLS) distributions were 35,5% (FLS3); 32,2% (FLS4); and 32,2% (FLS5). Mean follow‐up was 21 ± 7 months. Multiple injections were needed in nine patients.VOR gain in the treated ear was significantly reduced in all subjects and for all the semicircular canals (paired samples t test; P < 0,05). Gain averages after treatment were 0,61 (superior); 0,69 (horizontal); and 0,47 (posterior). A horizontal canal VOR gain superior to 0,80 after treatment was associated with the need for a second gentamicin injection (Chi‐square; P = 0,003). Gain asymmetry between the symptomatic and asymptomatic ear (GASM) was increased after treatment. The rate of vestibular function reduction was 47,9%; 26,0%; and 35,8% for the superior, horizontal, and posterior canals, respectively. According to the receiving operator characteristic curve, the amount of change in GASM must be greater than 7 in order to predict the avoidance of a second procedure (area under the curve [AUC] horizontal canal = 0,861) and the amount of vestibular function reduction in the pathologic ear in patients with a controlled disease must be greater than 17,8% (AUC horizontal canal = 0,843).ConclusionsWhen evaluated with the vHIT, intratympanic gentamicin changes in VOR seem to foresee short‐term control of vertigo attacks.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1915–1920, 2015
A comparison between autograft alone, bone cement, and demineralized bone matrix in cranioplasty
Authors: Plum Ann W. , Tatum Sherard A. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesTo compare bone autograft, bone cement, and demineralized bone matrix in functional and aesthetic outcomes and complications following cranioplasty for reconstruction of cranial defects.Study DesignRetrospective chart review.Materials and MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed of patients who underwent cranioplasty at a single institution between 1992 and 2012. The patients were divided based on whether bone autograft, demineralized bone matrix, or bone cement was used for reconstruction of their craniofacial defect. Demographics and diagnosis data were collected. Complications and cosmetic outcomes were examined for each group.ResultsThere was no significant difference between groups regarding follow‐up and age at time of surgery. The bone cement group had a higher infection rate. There was more dehiscence and scalp scarring in the autograft and bone cement groups. However, residual bone defects and the need for a revision cranioplasty were higher in the bone matrix group. Likewise, patient, parent, and surgeon satisfaction with the appearance was lower in the bone matrix group.ConclusionsThere appears to be a trend toward a lower success rate in patients with fibroblast growth factor receptor‐related craniosynostosis and in those reconstructed with bone matrix compared to bone autograft and bone cement.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1322–1327, 2015
A randomized controlled trial of simulation‐based training for ear, nose, and throat emergencies
Authors: Smith Matthew Edward , Navaratnam Annakan , Jablenska Lily , Dimitriadis Panagiotis A. , Sharma Rishi 
Published: January 2015

Objectives/HypothesisLife‐threatening ear, nose, and throat (ENT) emergencies are uncommon but require immediate skilled management. We investigated if traditional lecture‐based teaching can be improved by a simulation and lecture hybrid approach.Study DesignA single‐blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trial.MethodsTwo groups of interns with no previous ENT experience were randomized to one of two training groups: a simulation/lecture hybrid group or a lecture‐only control group. Both groups received 90 minutes of training covering the assessment of critically ill patients and four ENT emergency topics. Both groups received the same initial lecture slides. The control group received additional slides, and the simulation group received simulated emergency scenario training using basic mannequins. Following the training, candidates were asked to provide feedback on their perception of training, and they were formally assessed with a standardized one‐to‐one viva.ResultsThirty‐eight interns were recruited: 18 in the control group and 20 in the simulation group. The candidates in the simulation group performed significantly better in all viva situations (P < .05) and had better perception of learning (P < .05). Additionally, the simulation group was more likely to recommend the training to a colleague (P < .05).ConclusionsWe have demonstrated that replacing traditional lecture‐based training with a mixture of lectures and emergency scenario simulation is more effective at preparing junior doctors for ENT emergencies, and better met their learning needs. Implementing this kind of teaching is feasible with a minimum of additional resources or time.Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 125:1816–1821, 2015
Functional chimeras of flagellar stator proteins between E. coli MotB and Vibrio PomB at the periplasmic region in Vibrio or E. coli
Authors: Nishino Yuuki , Onoue Yasuhiro , Kojima Seiji , Homma Michio 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe bacterial flagellar motor has a stator and a rotor. The stator is composed of two membrane proteins, MotA and MotB in Escherichia coli and PomA and PomB in Vibrio alginolyticus. The Vibrio motor has a unique structure, the T ring, which is composed of MotX and MotY. Based on the structural information of PomB and MotB, we constructed three chimeric proteins between PomB and MotB, named PotB91, PotB129, and PotB138, with various chimeric junctions. When those chimeric proteins were produced with PomA in a ΔmotAB strain of E. coli or in ΔpomAB and ΔpomAB ΔmotX strains of Vibrio, all chimeras were functional in E. coli or Vibrio, either with or without the T ring, although the motilities were very weak in E. coli. Furthermore, we could isolate some suppressors in E. coli and identified the mutation sites on PomA or the chimeric B subunit. The weak function of chimeric PotBs in E. coli is derived mainly from the defect in the rotational switching of the flagellar motor. In addition, comparing the motilities of chimera strains in ΔpomAB, PotB138 had the highest motility. The difference between the origin of the α1 and α2 helices, E. coli MotB or Vibro PomB, seems to be important for motility in E. coli and especially in Vibrio.
Computational Investigation and Experimental Validation of Crizotinib Resistance Conferred by C1156Y Mutant Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
Authors: Kumar Anish , Shanthi V. , Ramanathan K. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCrizotinib is an anticancer drug approved by FDA for the treatment of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The main target for crizotinib was anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). However, evidences available indicate that C1156Y mutation in ALK confers resistance to crizotinib. Unfortunately, how mutation actually confers drug resistance is not well understood. Hence, in the present study computational approaches have been employed alongside KINOMEscan profiling technique to reveal the mechanism behind crizotinib resistance in ALK at a molecular level. The results of our analysis indicate that C1156Y mutation alters the conformation of the ALK binding pocket residues which results in a marked decrease in hydrogen bond interactions between crizotinib and ALK. This indicates that hydrogen bonding was a crucial effector of decreased binding affinity. Interestingly, the docking study also indicates that C1156Y mutation increases the affinity for ATP. Finally, our analysis theoretically suggests that M‐1199 is a key residue responsible for the ALK drug selectivity. We certainly believe that these results may be immense importance for the molecular level understanding of crizotinib resistance pattern and also for designing a potential drug molecule for the treatment of lung cancer in the near future.
Spin echoes in the regime of weak dephasing
Authors: Assländer Jakob , Glaser Steffen J. , Hennig Jürgen 
Published: January 2015

PurposeThis article analyzes possibilities and limits of spin echoes beyond Hahn's theory. The regime of weak dephasing is explored with the purpose of combining the enhanced signal and reduced artifacts of spin echoes with the speed and flexibility of the fast low angle shot sequence.MethodsIn the regime of weak dephasing, an upper boundary of the echo time is derived analytically. This limit is verified with optimal control pulses, which are also used to heuristically examine the transition to Hahn's regime of complete dephasing. The potential of the proposed pulses is demonstrated in proof‐of‐concept spin echo fast low angle shot images of a volunteer's lung and head.ResultsIt was found that the time between the end of the pulse and the spin echo can exceed the duration of the composite radio frequency‐pulse, which stands in contrast to Hahn echoes where those measures are at most equal. The maximum echo time was found to mainly depend on the total amount of dephasing. In vivo spin echo fast low angle shot images show an increased pulmonary signal as well as reduced artifacts in areas affected by susceptibility differences.ConclusionThe spin dynamics in the regime of weak dephasing was investigated and the feasibility of spin echo fast low angle shot imaging was demonstrated in vivo. Magn Reson Med 75:150–160, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cell cycle deregulation and mosaic loss of Ext1 drive peripheral chondrosarcomagenesis in the mouse and reveal an intrinsic cilia deficiency
Authors: de Andrea Carlos E , Zhu Ju‐Fen , Jin Huifeng , Bovée Judith VMG , Jones Kevin B 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPeripheral chondrosarcoma (PCS) develops as malignant transformation of an osteochondroma, a benign cartilaginous outgrowth at the bone surface. Its invasive, lobular growth despite low‐grade histology suggests a loss of chondrocyte polarity. The known genetics of osteochondromagenesis include mosaic loss of EXT1 or EXT2 in both hereditary and non‐hereditary cases. The most frequent genetic aberrations in human PCS also include disruptions of CDKN2A or TP53. In order to test the sufficiency of either of these to drive progression of an osteochondroma to PCS, we added conditional loss of Trp53 or Ink4a/Arf in an Ext1‐driven mouse model of osteochondromagenesis. Each additional tumour suppressor silencing efficiently drove the development of growths that mimic human PCS. As in humans, lobules developed from both Ext1‐null and Ext1‐functional clones within osteochondromas. Assessment of their orientation revealed an absence of primary cilia in the majority of mouse PCS chondrocytes, which was corroborated in human PCSs. Loss of primary cilia may be responsible for the lost polarity phenotype ascribed to PCS. Cilia deficiency blocks proliferation in physeal chondrocytes, but cell cycle deregulation is sufficient to rescue chondrocyte proliferation following deciliation. This provides a basis of selective pressure for the frequent cell‐cycle regulator silencing observed in peripheral chondrosarcomagenesis. Mosaic loss of Ext1 combined with loss of cell cycle regulators promotes peripheral chondrosarcomagenesis in the mouse and reveals deficient ciliogenesis in both the model and the human disease, explaining biological behaviour including lobular and invasive growth. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, self‐assembly and redox‐responsive properties of well‐defined hydroxypropylcellulose‐graft‐poly(2‐acryloyloxyethyl ferrocenecarboxylate) copolymers
Authors: Li Pingping , Kang Hongliang , Che Ning , Liu Zhijing , Zhang Chao , Cao Chun , Li Weiwei , Liu Ruigang , Huang Yong 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWell‐defined amphiphilic graft copolymers, hydroxypropylcellulose‐graft‐poly(2‐acryloyloxyethyl ferrocenecarboxylate) (HPC‐g‐PAEFC), were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization. The graft copolymers contain hydrophilic thermo‐responsive HPC backbones and hydrophobic redox‐sensitive PAEFC side chains and can self‐assemble into spherical micelles in aqueous solution, with a hydrodynamic radius <Rh > in the range 70–130 nm depending on length of the graft chains. The thermo‐responsive properties of the HPC‐g‐PAEFC copolymers in aqueous solution are gradually destroyed with increasing length of PAEFC side chains. The redox‐responsive behaviors of the graft copolymers were investigated with H2O2 and sodium ascorbate as oxidant and reductant, respectively, indicating an incompletely reversible redox‐triggered size transition. And the reversibility of the redox process becomes weaker gradually as the side chains are more difficult to be oxidized with an increase of the graft chains, which is evidenced from cyclic voltammetry measurements. The resultant HPC‐g‐PAEFC graft copolymers with the unique properties of ferrocene and cellulose provide prerequisites for amperometric biosensors and redox‐responsive drug delivery carriers. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Intramolecular acyl transfer in peptide and protein ligation and synthesis
Authors: Tailhades Julien , Patil Nitin A. , Hossain Mohammed Akhter , Wade John D. 
Published: January 2015

Intramolecular acyl transfer equilibrium in peptides and proteins has stimulated the development of new methodologies for ligation, aggregation suppression or difficult peptide synthesis. Native chemical ligation or aggregation suppression methodologies are based on an X‐to‐N acyl transfer of a peptide chain (X = S, O). The reverse reaction from N‐to‐X has led to exciting developments in solving key synthetic problems such as peptide thioester preparation using Fmoc/tBu strategy. Depending on the target peptide or protein, variations of these methods, which are also based on acyl transfer equilibriums, are now available.In this review, we provide a detailed overview of development and utility of methodologies in peptide chemistry that are based on the control of intramolecular equilibrium. To this end, we outline the scaffolds that are favorable for acyl transfer, the conditions for controlling both sides of the acyl transfer equilibrium and their applications to peptide and protein chemistry. Additional new methodologies have been developed for the synthesis of difficult peptides such as peptide alcohols or head‐to‐tail cyclic peptides. Promising new applications of intramolecular acyl transfer reactions are also highlighted. Copyright © 2015 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibration suppression for mass‐spring‐damper systems with a tuned mass damper using interconnection and damping assignment passivity‐based control
Authors: Aoki Takashi , Yamashita Yuh , Tsubakino Daisuke 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThis paper considers a vibration suppression control method using feedback for a mass‐spring‐damper system with a tuned mass damper. For vibration suppression, we adopt the interconnection and damping assignment passivity‐based control, whereby the system is transformed to a system with a skyhook damper with an artificial structure matrix. The feedback law includes no accelerometer signal and uses only information on relative displacements and velocities. The proposed control method can simultaneously suppress the influences of the floor vibration and the disturbance force acting on the main body. A guideline for choosing parameters of the desired system is shown. The proposed method can be easily extended to nonlinear cases, which is demonstrated for a nonlinear‐spring case. We also show the input‐to‐state stability property of closed‐loop systems for linear cases and nonlinear cases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.