bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Double Kinetic Resolution of Amines and Alcohols under the Cocatalysis of Raney Nickel/Candida antarctica Lipase B: From Concept to Application
Authors: Xia Bo , Cheng Guilin , Lin Xianfu , Wu Qi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHerein, we have established a dynamic double kinetic resolution (DDKR) strategy under the co‐catalysis of Raney nickel and Candida antarctica lipase B (CAL‐B) for the one‐pot simultaneous resolution of primary amines and secondary alcohols (or esters). The DDKR strategy was successfully applied to the resolution of a series of racemic amines and secondary alcohols (or esters) as well as mexiletine, an important antiarrhythmic agent. The catalysts could be recycled and reused several times with the same high activity. Scale‐up experiments were also successful. As a more atom‐economical and efficient process than traditional simple kinetic resolutions, the DDKR strategy can be widely used to prepare optically pure amines and alcohols.
A Bioanode Using Thermostable Alcohol Dehydrogenase for an Ethanol Biofuel Cell Operating at High Temperatures
Authors: Kontani Aya , Masuda Miyuki , Matsumura Hirotoshi , Nakamura Nobuhumi , Yohda Masafumi , Ohno Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTo extend the range of biofuel cell applications, we wish to increase their maximum operational temperatures. Using a thermostable alcohol dehydrogenase as a biocatalyst, we prepared an enzyme‐immobilized bioanode that can operate at high temperatures. The catalytic current for ethanol oxidation was increased using this electrode at temperatures up to 80 °C.
Tubular and Microcylindrical Platinum Electrodes for Amperometric Detection of Aminobiphenyls and Aminonaphthalenes in HPLC
Authors: Zavazalova Jaroslava , Dejmkova Hana , Barek Jiri , Peckova Karolina 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPlatinum electrodes in microcylindrical and tubular arrangements were compared as working electrodes for amperometric detection of 2‐aminobiphenyl, 4‐aminobiphenyl, 1‐aminonaphthalene, and 2‐aminonaphthalene in HPLC. Factors influencing separation efficiency are favourable for microcylindrical arrangement while tubular arrangement exhibits higher sensitivities and lower limits of detection. These are in the range of 0.0078–0.027 µmol L−1 for tubular, and 0.11–0.42 µmol L−1 for microcylindrical arrangement. Further, a new method with nanomolar detection limits was proposed for determination of tested compounds in urine using solid phase extraction for preliminary separation and preconcentration of the analytes.
Promotion Effect of Bismuth on Nickel Electrodeposition and Its Electrocatalysis to Glucose Oxidation
Authors: Wu Jiuyang , Miao Yuqing , Liang Xiaocai , Yang Zhuoyuan , Yang Yang , Ouyang Ruizhuo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMetallic Bi and Ni were co‐deposited onto the surface of glass carbon electrode (GCE) from the electrolyte solution containing their respective nitrate to fabricate a Bi/Ni alloy modified GCE (Bi/Ni‐GCE). The purpose is to study the influence of Bi3+ on the deposition of Ni and that of deposited Bi on the electrocatalytic performance of Ni to glucose in alkali solution. The results show that both redox signal of Ni(OH)2/NiOOH and Ni(OH)2/NiOOH mediated electrocatalysis to glucose is remarkably increased in the presence of Bi. It seems that there is a synergistic effect between Bi and Ni on each other’s redox electrochemistry. It’s possible that the firstly deposited Bi on GCE surface helps to the following nucleation and growth of Ni, leading to the deposition of more metallic Ni on GCE surface. An extremely attractive feature of Bi/Ni‐GCE is reflected by the fast response time to the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. The electrode nearly responses immediately after glucose is added and it reaches a steady‐state level within only 2 seconds, demonstrating a good electrocatalytic property of Bi/Ni‐GCE. The calibration plot is linear over the wide concentration range of 0–5.8 mM with a sensitivity of 33.96 µA/mM and a correlation coefficient of 0.9985. The detection limit of the glucose was found to be 0.59 µM at a signal‐to‐noise ratio of 3. The fabricated Bi/Ni‐GCE was successfully employed to analyze the glucose level in blood samples, exhibiting high accuracy, strong resistance against inference and good reliability in the practical applications.
Design and Fabrication of an All‐Solid‐State Thin‐Film Li‐Ion Microbattery with Amorphous TiO2 as the Anode
Authors: Feng Jinkui , Yan Binggong , Lai Man O. , Li Lu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe have fabricated an all‐solid‐state thin film microbattery by using reactive radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering of the positive LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (LNMC) electrode at an elevated temperature, amorphous Li3+xPO4−xNx (LiPON) electrolyte at room temperature, and in situ deposition of an amorphous titania (TiO2) film below 200 °C. Electrochemical measurement of the TiO2 half‐cell reveals a first discharge capacity of 102 μAh cm−2 μm−1 with 86 % capacity retention after 100 cycles. A capacity of 58 μAh cm−2 μm−1 from the LNMC thin film electrode can be achieved. The initial capacity of the TiO2/LiPON/LNMC full‐cell is as high as 52 μAh cm−2 μm−1 and 90 % capacity is retained after 400 cycles.
Determination of Minimum Miscibility Pressure of Crude Oil–CO2 System by Oil Swelling/Extraction Test
Authors: Abedini Ali , Mosavat Nader , Torabi Farshid 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) of crude oil–CO2 systems was determined through analyzing the experimental data of swelling/extraction tests. First, the oil swelling factor (SF) as a result of CO2 dissolution in a crude oil sample was determined at four different temperatures in the range of T=21–40 °C. In addition, three sets of swelling/extraction data of previous studies were collected and included so that more conclusive and satisfactory results can be obtained. The results demonstrated that the oil swelling factor increases with the equilibrium pressure (Peq), reaches the maximum value at light hydrocarbon extraction pressure (Pext), and then reduces with further increase in equilibrium pressure. It was found that the reduction behavior of oil swelling factor occurs in two distinct regions. In the upper extraction phase (UEP), the oil swelling factor decreased sharply at pressures just over extraction pressure and then declined gradually in what is called the lower extraction phase (LEP). Finally, the MMP of the crude oil–CO2 system at a specific temperature was estimated by finding the intersection of the linear regression correlation corresponding to each of the aforementioned regions (i.e., UEP and LEP). The crude oil–CO2 MMP was also determined by employing the vanishing interfacial tension (VIT) technique and a series of CO2 injection tests. Comparing the MMP values of the crude oil–CO2 systems determined by three methods revealed that the MMP values estimated by swelling/extraction data are in approximate agreement with those determined by the two other methods.
Development of a grid‐based version of the SWAT landscape model
Authors: Rathjens H. , Oppelt N. , Bosch D. D. , Arnold J. G. , Volk M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntegrated river basin models should provide a spatially distributed representation of basin hydrology and transport processes to allow for spatially implementing specific management and conservation measures. To accomplish this, the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was modified by integrating a landscape routing model to simulate water flow across discretized routing units. This paper presents a grid‐based version of the SWAT landscape model that has been developed to enhance the spatial representation of hydrology and transport processes. The modified model uses a new flow separation index that considers topographic features and soil properties to capture channel and landscape flow processes related to specific landscape positions. The resulting model is spatially fully distributed and includes surface, lateral and groundwater fluxes in each grid cell of the watershed. Furthermore, it more closely represents the spatially heterogeneous distributed flow and transport processes in a watershed. The model was calibrated and validated for the Little River Watershed (LRW) near Tifton, Georgia (USA). Water balance simulations as well as the spatial distribution of surface runoff, subsurface flow and evapotranspiration are examined. Model results indicate that groundwater flow is the dominant landscape process in the LRW. Results are promising, and satisfactory output was obtained with the presented grid‐based SWAT landscape model. Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiencies for daily stream flow were 0.59 and 0.63 for calibration and validation periods, and the model reasonably simulates the impact of the landscape position on surface runoff, subsurface flow and evapotranspiration. Additional revision of the model will likely be necessary to adequately represent temporal variations of transport and flow processes in a watershed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Binding Kinetics of a Fluorescently Labeled Bisphosphonate as a Tool for Dynamic Monitoring of Bone Mineral Deposition In Vivo
Authors: Tower Robert J , Campbell Graeme M , Müller Marc , Will Olga , Glüer Claus C , Tiwari Sanjay 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Bone mineral deposition during the modeling of new bone and remodeling of old bone can be perturbed by several pathological conditions, including osteoporosis and skeletal metastases. A site-specific marker depicting the dynamics of bone mineral deposition would provide insight into skeletal disease location and severity, and prove useful in evaluating the efficacy of pharmacological interventions. Fluorescent labels may combine advantages of both radioisotope imaging and detailed microscopic analyses. The purpose of this study was to determine if the fluorescent bisphosphonate OsteoSense could detect localized changes in bone mineral deposition in established mouse models of accelerated bone loss (ovariectomy) (OVX) and anabolic bone gain resulting from parathyroid hormone (PTH) treatment. We hypothesized that the early rate of binding, as well as the total amount of bisphosphonate, which binds over long periods of time, could be useful in evaluating changes in bone metabolism. Evaluation of the kinetic uptake of bisphosphonates revealed a significant reduction in both the rate constant and plateau binding after OVX, whereas treatment with PTH resulted in a 36-fold increase in the bisphosphonate binding rate constant compared with untreated OVX controls. Localization of bisphosphonate binding revealed initial binding at sites of ossification adjacent to the growth plate and, to a lesser extent, along more distal trabecular and cortical elements. Micro-computed tomography (CT) was used to confirm that initial bisphosphonate binding is localized to sites of low tissue mineral density, associated with new bone mineral deposition. Our results suggest monitoring binding kinetics based on fluorescently labeled bisphosphonates represents a highly sensitive, site-specific method for monitoring changes in bone mineral deposition with the potential for translation into human applications in osteoporosis and bone metastatic processes and their treatment. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Implementation of an acute venous thromboembolism clinical pathway reduces healthcare utilization and mitigates health disparities
Authors: Misky Gregory J. , Carlson Todd , Thompson Elaina , Trujillo Toby , Nordenholz Kristen 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDAcute venous thromboembolism (VTE) is prevalent, expensive, and deadly. Published data at our institution identified significant VTE care variation based on payer source. We developed a VTE clinical pathway to standardize care, decrease hospital utilization, provide education, and mitigate disparities.METHODSTarget population for our interdisciplinary pathway was acute medical VTE patients. The intervention included order sets, system‐wide education, follow‐up phone calls, and coordinated posthospital care. Study data (n = 241) were compared to historical data (n = 234), evaluating outcomes of hospital admission, length of stay (LOS), and reutilization, stratified by payer source.RESULTSA total of 241 patients entered the VTE clinical care pathway: 107 with deep venous thrombosis (44.4%) and 134 with a pulmonary embolism (55.6%). Within the pathway, uninsured VTE patients were admitted at a lower rate than insured patients (65.9 vs 79.1%; P = 0.032). LOS decreased from 4.4 to 3.1 days (P < 0.001) for admitted VTE patients and from 5.9 to 3.1 days among uninsured patients (P = 0.0006). Overall, 30‐day emergency department recidivism remained 11%, but declined (17.9% to 13.6%) among uninsured patients (P = 0.593). Fewer pathway patients (5.8%) were readmitted compared to historical patients (9.4%, P = 0.254). Individual cost of care decreased from $7610 to $5295 (P < 0.005) for any VTE patient, and from $9953 to $4304 (P = 0.001) per uninsured patient.CONCLUSIONSImplementing an interdisciplinary, clinical pathway standardized care for VTE patients and dramatically reduced hospital utilization and cost, particularly among uninsured patients. Results of this novel study demonstrate a model for improving transitional care coordination with local community health clinics and delivering care to vulnerable populations. Other disease populations may benefit from the development of a similar model. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:430–435. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
The impact of the Atlantic cold tongue on West African monsoon onset in regional model simulations for 1998–2002
Authors: Druyan Leonard M. , Fulakeza Matthew 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe Atlantic cold tongue (ACT) develops during spring and early summer near the Equator in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Guinea. The hypothesis that the ACT accelerates the timing of West African monsoon (WAM) onset is tested by comparing two regional climate model (RM3) simulation ensembles. Observed sea surface temperatures (SST) that include the ACT are used to force a control ensemble. An idealized, warm SST perturbation is designed to represent lower boundary forcing without the ACT for the experiment ensemble. Summer simulations forced by observed SST and reanalysis boundary conditions for each of five consecutive years are compared to five parallel runs forced by SST with the warm perturbation. The article summarizes the sequence of events leading to the onset of the WAM in the Sahel region. The representation of WAM onset in RM3 simulations is examined and compared to Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and reanalysis data. The study evaluates the sensitivity of WAM onset indicators to the presence of the ACT by analysing the differences between the two simulation ensembles. Results show that the timing of major rainfall events and therefore the WAM onset in the Sahel are not sensitive to the presence of the ACT. However, the warm SST perturbation does increase downstream rainfall rates over West Africa as a consequence of enhanced specific humidity and enhanced northward moisture flux in the lower troposphere.
Up‐regulation of expression of selected genes in human bone cells with specific capacitively coupled electric fields
Authors: Clark Charles C. , Wang Wei , Brighton Carl T. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe objective of the described experiments was to determine the electrical parameters that lead to optimal expression of a number of bone‐related genes in cultured human bone cells exposed to a capacitively coupled electric field. Human calvarial osteoblasts were grown in modified plastic Cooper dishes in which the cells could be exposed to various capacitively coupled electric fields. The optimal duration of stimulation and optimal duration of response to the electrical field, and the optimal amplitude, frequency and duty cycle were all determined for each of the genes analyzed. Results indicated that a capacitively coupled electric field of 60 kHz, 20 mV/cm, 50% duty cycle for 2 h duration per day significantly up‐regulated mRNA expression of a number of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β family genes (bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP)‐2 and ‐4, TGF‐β1, ‐ β2 and ‐β3) as well as fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐2, osteocalcin (BGP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Protein levels of BMP‐2 and ‐4, and TGF‐β1 and ‐ β2 were also elevated. The clinical relevance of these findings in the context of a noninvasive treatment modality for delayed union and nonunion fracture healing is discussed. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:894–903, 2014.
Components of Golgi‐to‐vacuole trafficking are required for nitrogen‐ and TORC1‐responsive regulation of the yeast GATA factors
Authors: Fayyadkazan Mohammad , Tate Jennifer J. , Vierendeels Fabienne , Cooper Terrance G. , Dubois Evelyne , Georis Isabelle 
Published: March 2014

AbstractNitrogen catabolite repression (NCR) is the regulatory pathway through which Saccharomyces cerevisiae responds to the available nitrogen status and selectively utilizes rich nitrogen sources in preference to poor ones. Expression of NCR‐sensitive genes is mediated by two transcription activators, Gln3 and Gat1, in response to provision of a poorly used nitrogen source or following treatment with the TORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin. During nitrogen excess, the transcription activators are sequestered in the cytoplasm in a Ure2‐dependent fashion. Here, we show that Vps components are required for Gln3 localization and function in response to rapamycin treatment when cells are grown in defined yeast nitrogen base but not in complex yeast peptone dextrose medium. On the other hand, Gat1 function was altered in vps mutants in all conditions tested. A significant fraction of Gat1, like Gln3, is associated with light intracellular membranes. Further, our results are consistent with the possibility that Ure2 might function downstream of the Vps components during the control of GATA factor‐mediated gene expression. These observations demonstrate distinct media‐dependent requirements of vesicular trafficking components for wild‐type responses of GATA factor localization and function. As a result, the current model describing participation of Vps system components in events associated with translocation of Gln3 into the nucleus following rapamycin treatment or growth in nitrogen‐poor medium requires modification.
Frequency optimization for visible light communication based on carrier allocation in offset OFDM
Authors: Kim Deok‐Rae , Yang Se‐Hoon , Kim Hyun‐Seung , Son Yong‐Hwan , Han Sang‐Kook 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTVisible light communication (VLC) has many issues, including realizing complex modulations, increasing data rate, addressing the light emitting diode (LED) bandwidth limitation, and achieving multiservice capabilities such as for location‐based service (LBS). Therefore, we investigated frequency optimization for VLC parameters such as offset OFDM frequency location, allocated RF signal frequency location, allocated RF signal input power, operating point, and clipping. We experimentally demonstrated the characteristics of the proposed system. The results show that received offset frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) can achieve a 12‐Mbps data rate with a BER of 8 × 10−4. Additionally, the received allocated RF signal can satisfy a BER requirement of 10−4 after conversion from its EVM. The transmission distance was 1.8 m in an indoor environment when using white LED. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1431–1437, 2014
A balanced pulse‐modulated polar transmitter for improved efficiency and stability using power recycling
Authors: Wu Meng‐Han , Lin Hou‐Chung , Lee Chih‐Jie , Lee Kung‐Yen , Chen Jau‐Horng 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis article presents a balanced pulse‐modulated polar transmitter that is capable of withstanding load mismatch and out‐of‐band reflection. The balanced architecture directs the reflected power to the isolated port of the 90°‐hybrid coupler. Using a rectifier, the reflected power can be recycled and used for assisting the supply of the polar transmitter. A prototype system was implemented and measurement was performed for validation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1452–1454, 2014
Triple‐pass‐band, dual‐stop‐band UWB antenna with substrate‐integrated waveguide resonators
Authors: Wang Qianqian , Bornemann Jens 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA coplanar‐waveguide fed ultra‐wideband (UWB) antenna with substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) stop‐band resonators is introduced for the 3–10 GHz band. The symmetrically placed SIW cavities provide dual‐stop‐band characteristics due to their TE101 and TE102 resonance modes. Thus, the entire UWB is divided into three pass‐bands which cover the frequency ranges 4.23–4.62 GHz, 6.6–8.175 GHz, and 9.39–10.7 GHz. Measurements of a prototype show good agreement with simulation results with a minimum measured return loss of 9 dB in any of the three pass‐bands. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1265–1270, 2014
Microfluidic coaxial transmission line and phase shifter
Authors: Hayes Gerard J. , Desai Sharvil C. , Liu Yuyu , Annamaa Petteri , Lazzi Gianluca , Dickey Michael D. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThis article presents a microfluidic coaxial transmission line assembly that is realized by weaving together stretchable metallic fibers composed of a liquid‐metal core inside an elastomeric shell. These fibers are woven around a core fiber to create a coaxial assembly. The resulting structure exhibits exceptional stretchability compared to conventional coaxial transmission lines. The mechanical properties of the supporting elastomer and the fluidic properties of the conductors ensure that the characteristic impedance of the transmission line is maintained while stretched. As a result, the system is well suited for applications requiring durable transmission lines and tunable phase shifters (or time‐delay lines). A prototype fluidic coaxial structure is characterized that consists of eutectic gallium indium (EGaIn) encased in an elastomeric poly‐styrene‐(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐styrene (SEBS). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1459–1462, 2014
Theory analysis and experimental demonstration of temporal and power parameters optimized design for all‐optical ultrawideband pulse generation based on dark RZ
Authors: Zhang Ziran , Zhang Junwen , Tang Chanjuan , Li Rongling , Tao Li , Chi Nan 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTWe analysis the temporal and power evaluation of an ultrawideband (UWB) signal based on monocycle Gaussian pulse and experimentally verify it. With optimized design, 1.25 Gb/s UWB signal with good Gaussian shape is successfully generated with dark return‐to‐zero based on the nonlinear polarization rotation in semiconductor optical amplifier and the −10 dB bandwidth is larger than 10 GHz with a fractional bandwidth close to 200%. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1492–1495, 2014
A low profile polarization reconfigurable dipole antenna using tunable electromagnetic band‐gap surface
Authors: Yi Guangwei , Huang Cheng , Ma Xiaoliang , Pan Wenbo , Luo Xiangang 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, we present a low profile polarization reconfigurable dipole antenna using a tunable electromagnetic band‐gap (EBG) structure as ground plane. The EBG structure can be dynamically modulated by tuning the loaded PIN diodes through bias voltage circuit. The EBG‐based antenna is fabricated and measured. Experimental results show that the tunable EBG structure can make the dipole antenna work at four states. For the state 1 and state 2, the emitted waves with left‐hand and right‐hand circular polarization are produced at 4.6 GHz, and the axial ratio is 1.2 and 0.3 dB, respectively. For the state 3 and state 4, the dipole antenna radiates the linearly polarized waves with the gains of about 6 dB at 4.6 and 4.25 GHz, respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1281–285, 2014