bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric nursing liaison in a combat zone: an autoethnography
Authors: Whybrow D. 
Published: December 2012

Accessible summary

Military mental health nurses deploy to combat zones where they are expected to liaise with the management structure of the British forces in order to help service personnel to remain in their fighting roles.

During a recent deployment, I kept a journal of my experiences of liaising with the Chain of Command. Upon return to the UK, I then reviewed this journal line by line until I generated three key themes about my experience of psychiatric nursing liaison. These were ‘being me’, ‘being a nurse’ and ‘relating to the Chain of Command’.
When visiting combat units, I adopted a ‘least intrusive’ approach to psychiatric nursing liaison. I achieved this by targeting key players within the organization, specifically, the Officer in Command, the Sergeant Major, the Trauma Risk Management co‐ordinator (usually the Sergeant Major) and the medic. It worked for me because it suited my personality and my sense of being authentic or credible within my nursing role.

Other nurses may have different experiences of psychiatric nursing liaison in a combat zone. A grounded theory study aimed at bringing together these different experiences might offer greater insight. In the mean time, if elements of my experience resonate with other nurses it may serve to inform their practice.
AbstractMilitary mental health nurses are tasked with providing psychiatric liaison to British forces deployed to combat zones. This forms part of a wider effort to maintain the combat effectiveness of the fighting force. During a recent deployment, I maintained a reflexive journal of my experience of liaising with the British Chain of Command. I then used line by line coding via the NVIVO 9 software package to formulate the core themes that became a framework for this autoethnography. My personality and social anxieties shaped how I performed the psychiatric liaison role. I was able to develop a template for liaison that accounted for both ‘me’ and my need to feel authentic or credible as a nurse, yet still enabled me to communicate effectively with the Chain of Command. One template for psychiatric nursing liaison with British combat forces is to focus upon key stakeholders within the Chain of Command, specifically, the Officer Commanding, the Sergeant Major, the Trauma Risk Management co‐ordinator (usually the Sergeant Major) and the embedded medical asset. Further research is needed to establish how other nurses approach psychiatric nursing liaison.
Response of plasma fatty acid profiles to changes in dietary n‐3 fatty acids and its correlation with erythrocyte fatty acid profiles in dogs
Authors: Stoeckel K. , Bachmann L. , Dobeleit G. , Fuhrmann H. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryAn elevated level of long‐chain n‐3 fatty acids (FA) in tissue membranes has a positive influence on the progression and treatment of many diseases. Therefore, dietary supplementation of n‐3 FA is recommended in some diseases. Even though n‐3 FA are absorbed readily from the diet, their incorporation into tissues may be compromised in diseased animals. In a clinical setting, it is desirable to monitor the success of dietary intervention. Plasma FA as well as erythrocyte membrane (EM) FA can be used to monitor dietary FA intake. This study compares FA from EM and plasma with regard to their reaction time and reliability for monitoring dietary changes of tissue FA profiles in dogs. Thirty dogs were divided into three groups and fed for 12 weeks. The control group (CONT) was fed a commercial standard diet low in n‐3 FA. One group received the standard diet and 85 mg/kg body weight of a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrate (ADD). The third group was fed a commercial dog food containing fish oil (FO), which is rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). EM and plasma FA profiles were analysed by GC separately. Data on EM FA were published recently. n‐3 FA in plasma reached the new level after 2 weeks (8 weeks in EM). Dietary differences between DHA and EPA are obvious after 1 week already. The concomitant decrease in plasma n‐6 FA differed between ADD and FO. In general, the correlation of n‐6 FA between plasma and EM was low. We therefore conclude that analysis of plasma FA is sufficient for monitoring a diet‐induced increase in tissue n‐3 FA in dogs. However, EM FA should be analysed if the effect of dietary intervention on tissue n‐6 FA is important.
Quorum‐sensing regulation of a capsular polysaccharide receptor for the Rhodobacter capsulatus gene transfer agent (RcGTA)
Authors: Brimacombe Cedric A. , Stevens Aaron , Jun Daniel , Mercer Ryan , Lang Andrew S. , Beatty J. Thomas 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe gene transfer agent produced by Rhodobacter capsulatus (RcGTA) resembles a small tailed bacteriophage that packages almost random genomic DNA segments that may be transferred to other R. capsulatus cells. Gene transfer agents are produced by a number of prokaryotes; however, no receptors have been identified. We investigated the RcGTA recipient capability of wild‐type R. capsulatus cells at different culture growth phases, and found that the frequency of RcGTA‐dependent acquisition of an allele increases as cultures enter the stationary phase. We also found that RcGTA adsorption to cells follows a similar trend. RcGTA recipient capability and adsorption were found to be dependent on the GtaR/I quorum‐sensing (QS) system. Production of an extracellular polysaccharide was found to be regulated by GtaR/I QS, as was production of the cell capsule. A number of QS‐regulated putative polysaccharide biosynthesis genes were identified, and mutagenesis of two of these genes, rcc01081 and rcc01932, yielded strains that lack a capsule. Furthermore, these mutants were impaired in RcGTA recipient capability and adsorption, as was a non‐encapsulated wild‐type isolate of R. capsulatus. Overall, our results indicate that capsular polysaccharide is a receptor for the gene transfer agent of R. capsulatus, RcGTA.
Systemic resistance induced by Bacillus lipopeptides in Beta vulgaris reduces infection by the rhizomania disease vector Polymyxa betae
Authors: Desoignies Nicolas , Schramme Florence , Ongena Marc , Legrève Anne 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe control of rhizomania, one of the most important diseases of sugar beet caused by the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus, remains limited to varietal resistance. In this study, we investigated the putative action of Bacillus amylolequifaciens lipopeptides in achieving rhizomania biocontrol through the control of the virus vector Polymyxa betae. Some lipopeptides that are produced by bacteria, especially by plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria, have been found to induce systemic resistance in plants. We tested the impact of the elicitation of systemic resistance in sugar beet through lipopeptides on infection by P. betae. Lipopeptides were shown to effectively induce systemic resistance in both the roots and leaves of sugar beet, resulting in a significant reduction in P. betae infection. This article provides the first evidence that induced systemic resistance can reduce infection of sugar beet by P. betae.
Diagnosing Neuropathic Pain in Patients with Cancer: Comparative Analysis of Recommendations in National Guidelines from European Countries
Authors: Piano Virginie , Verhagen Stans , Schalkwijk Annelies , Burgers Jako , Kress Hans , Treede Rolf‐Detlef , Hekster Yechiel , Lanteri‐Minet Michel , Engels Yvonne , Vissers Kris 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundNeuropathic pain is a prevalent symptom in patients with cancer, which needs a more specific algorithm than nociceptive pain or neuropathic pain from other origin. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can be helpful in optimizing the diagnosis of neuropathic pain in patients with cancer.MethodsIn this study, 9 national CPGs in Europe on the diagnosis of neuropathic pain in patients with cancer were included. Recommendations with their grade (according SIGN 55 classification) and supporting literature (first author, patients' population, year, and type of publication) were compared between CPGs.ResultsNine CPGs including recommendations on neuropathic pain could be selected and were assessed. In total, they used 149 references of which 72 (48%) were about cancer conditions, 39 (26%) about neuropathic pain, and only 3 about neuropathic pain in patients with cancer (2%). Only 28 (19%) references were shared between 2 or more guidelines. There was only one shared reference specifically related to cancer neuropathic pain. Recommendations and their evidence grading strongly differ between CPGs.ConclusionThis work demonstrates an important heterogeneity between European recommendations on diagnosis and assessment of neuropathic pain in patients with cancer. The main weaknesses are the low level of evidence and the absence of specific data focusing on neuropathic pain in patients with cancer. We recommend that physicians dealing with neuropathic pain in patients with cancer should be specially trained, that a specific methodology to develop CPGs should followed, and that specific research should be developed on the diagnosis of neuropathic pain in patients with cancer.
Randomized Controlled Trial on the Efficacy of Bilateral Superficial Cervical Plexus Block in Thyroidectomy
Authors: Karthikeyan Vilvapathy Senguttuvan , Sistla Sarath Chandra , Badhe Ashok Shankar , Mahalakshmy Thulasingam , Rajkumar Nagarajan , Ali Sheik Manwar , Gopalakrishnan S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveAs thyroid surgery is being performed as an ambulatory procedure, recent studies concerning post thyroidectomy analgesia have focused on regional techniques such as bilateral superficial cervical plexus block (BSCPB) and bilateral combined superficial and deep cervical plexus block. But, data regarding the efficacy of BSCPB are controversial. Hence we compared the efficacy of BSCPB with 0.25% bupivacaine with and without clonidine in thyroidectomy, as preventative analgesia.MethodsPatients (n = 60) undergoing thyroidectomy were randomized into 3 groups (n = 20 each) to receive BSCPB using 15 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine (group B) or 0.25% bupivacaine with 1 μg/kg clonidine (group BC) or 0.9% normal saline (group S) on each side after induction. Intraoperative (fentanyl) and postoperative (morphine) analgesic requirements were assessed. Postoperative pain scores, nausea, vomiting, and sedation were assessed for 24 hours.ResultsIntraoperative fentanyl requirement was significantly lesser in groups B and BC (P = 0.012). Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower in group BC (compared to S) at 2 (P = 0.002), 4 (P = 0.016), and 8 (P = 0.012) hours. First analgesic requirement time (min) was significantly higher in groups B and BC (P = 0.002), and postoperative morphine requirement was significantly lower in groups B and BC (P = 0.001). Incidence of postoperative vomiting was significantly reduced in group BC (P = 0.022).ConclusionBSCPB with 0.25% bupivacaine with or without clonidine is effective in reducing both intraoperative and postoperative pain and analgesic requirements in thyroidectomy, and adding clonidine to bupivacaine reduces postoperative vomiting.
Resistance breeding strategy for Stenocarpella maydis and Fusarium graminearum cob rots in tropical maize
Authors: Tembo Langa , Asea Godfrey , Gibson Paul T. , Okori Patrick 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMaize cob rot caused by Fusarium graminearum and Stenocarpella maydis affects grain yield and quality. The objective of this study was to investigate the appropriateness of multiple infection as a selection and breeding strategy for multiple resistance to F. graminearum and S. maydis. Twelve tropical inbred lines with varying resistance to either or both pathogens were mated in a full diallel and the progeny and their parents evaluated for reaction to single or multiple infection. Under multiple inoculation, S. maydis suppressed colonization of cobs by F. graminearum. General combining ability (GCA) effects indicated that inbred WL 118–10 effectively transmitted resistance to both diseases. Hybrids' resistant to S. maydis was also resistant to F. graminearum, but the reverse was not true. Therefore, efficient screening should initially involve screening for S. maydis followed by F. graminearum. Overall, the suppression of F. graminearum by S. maydis shows that multiple infection cannot be used as an appropriate breeding strategy to obtain multiple resistance. The use of F. graminearum and S. maydis separately is, therefore, the best breeding strategy.
The role of the kinase OXI1 in cadmium‐ and copper‐induced molecular responses in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: SMEETS KAREN , OPDENAKKER KELLY , REMANS TONY , FORZANI CELINE , HIRT HERIBERT , VANGRONSVELD JACO , CUYPERS ANN 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe hypothesis that mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling is important in plant defences against metal stress has become accepted in recent years. To test the role of oxidative signal‐inducible kinase (OXI1) in metal‐induced oxidative signalling, the responses of oxi1 knockout lines to environmentally realistic cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) concentrations were compared with those of wild‐type plants. A relationship between OXI1 and the activation of lipoxygenases and other initiators of oxylipin production was observed under these stress conditions, suggesting that lipoxygenase‐1 may be a downstream component of OXI1 signalling. Metal‐specific differences in OXI1 action were observed. For example, OXI1 was required for the up‐regulation of antioxidative defences such as catalase in leaves and Fe‐superoxide dismutase in roots, following exposure to Cu, processes that may involve the MEKK1‐MKK2‐WRKY25 cascade. Moreover, the induction of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases in Cu‐exposed leaves was regulated by OXI1 in a manner that involves fluctuations in the expression of miRNA398. These observations contrast markedly with the responses to Cd exposure, which also involves OXI1‐independent pathways but rather involves changes in components mediating intracellular communication.
Parent Characteristics and Early Coparenting Behavior at the Transition to Parenthood
Authors: Schoppe‐Sullivan Sarah J. , Mangelsdorf Sarah C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study examined parent characteristics as correlates of coparenting behavior in 57 primiparous couples. Parents' negative emotionality and perceptions of maternal acceptance in childhood, mothers' beliefs about fathers' roles, and observed marital behavior and family socioeconomic status were assessed during the third trimester of pregnancy, and coparenting behavior was observed at 3.5 months postpartum. Couples who exhibited high‐quality marital interaction showed higher supportive coparenting behavior, but couples who showed lower quality marital interaction demonstrated higher supportive coparenting behavior when mothers held more progressive beliefs about fathers' roles. Couples showed more undermining coparenting behavior when family socioeconomic status was lower and when fathers were higher on negative emotionality. Greater perceived maternal acceptance in childhood was only associated with lower levels of undermining behavior when prenatal marital interaction was high in quality. Thus, the characteristics of both parents, especially in combination with preexisting marital behavior, are important determinants of coparenting behavior.
Disseminated toxoplasmosis presenting as septic shock five weeks after renal transplantation
Authors: Vaughan L.B. , Wenzel R.P. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe discuss a case of acute disseminated toxoplasmosis in a renal transplant recipient presenting with septic shock. Our literature review of disseminated toxoplasmosis presenting as septic shock reveals a disease process that is rapid and almost uniformly fatal. This unusual presentation warrants a high index of suspicion in transplant recipients with immediate administration of appropriate empiric antimicrobials.
Village health workers in Bihar, India: an untapped resource in the struggle against kala‐azar
Authors: Malaviya P. , Hasker E. , Singh R. P. , Van Geertruyden J. P. , Boelaert M. , Sundar S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIntroductionIn 2005 a visceral leishmaniasis (VL) elimination initiative was launched on the Indian subcontinent; important components of early case finding and treatment are entrusted to the primary health care system (PHC). In an earlier study in Bihar, India, we discovered some major shortcomings in implementation, in particular related to monitoring of treatment and treatment outcomes. These shortcomings could be addressed through involvement of village health workers. In the current study we assessed knowledge, attitude and practice of these village health workers in relation to VL. Main objective was to assess the feasibility of their involvement in VL control.MethodsWe obtained a list of auxiliary nurses/midwives and accredited social health activists for the highly endemic district of Muzaffarpur. We randomly sampled 100 auxiliary nurses and 100 activists, who were visited in their homes for an interview. Questions were asked on knowledge, attitude and practice related to visceral leishmaniasis and to tuberculosis.ResultsAuxiliary nurses and activists know the presenting symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis, they know how it is diagnosed but they are not aware of the recommended first‐line treatment. Many are already involved in tuberculosis control and are very well aware of the treatment modalities of tuberculosis, but few are involved in control of visceral leishmaniasis control. They are well organised, have strong links to the primary healthcare system and are ready to get more involved in visceral leishmaniasis control.ConclusionTo ensure adequate monitoring of visceral leishmaniasis treatment and treatment outcomes, the control programme urgently needs to consider involving auxiliary nurses and activists.
National survey of US primary care physicians’ perspectives about causes of obesity and solutions to improve care
Authors: Bleich Sara N , Bennett Wendy L , Gudzune Kimberly A , Cooper Lisa A 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveTo describe physician perspectives on the causes of and solutions to obesity care and identify differences in these perspectives by number of years since completion of medical school.DesignNational cross-sectional online survey from 9 February to 1 March 2011.SettingUSA.Participants500 primary care physicians.Main MeasuresWe evaluated physician perspectives on: (1) causes of obesity, (2) competence in treating obese patients, (3) perspectives on the health professional most qualified to help obese patients lose or maintain weight and (4) solutions for improving obesity care.ResultsPrimary care physicians overwhelmingly supported additional training (such as nutrition counselling) and practice-based changes (such as having scales report body mass index) to help them improve their obesity care. They also identified nutritionists/dietitians as the most qualified providers to care for obese patients. Physicians with fewer than 20 years since completion of medical school were more likely to identify lack of information about good eating habits and lack of access to healthy food as important causes of obesity. They also reported feeling relatively more successful helping obese patients lose weight. The response rate for the survey was 25.6%.ConclusionsOur results indicate a perceived need for improved medical education related to obesity care.
In situ simulation: detection of safety threats and teamwork training in a high risk emergency department
Authors: Patterson Mary D , Geis Gary Lee , Falcone Richard A , LeMaster Thomas , Wears Robert L 
Published: December 2012

ObjectiveImplement and demonstrate feasibility of in situ simulations to identify latent safety threats (LSTs) at a higher rate than lab-based training, and reinforce teamwork training in a paediatric emergency department (ED).MethodsMultidisciplinary healthcare providers responded to critical simulated patients in an urban ED during all shifts. Unannounced in situ simulations were limited to 10 min of simulation and 10 min of debriefing, and were video recorded. A standardised debriefing template was used to assess LSTs. The primary outcome measure was the number and type of LSTs identified during the simulations. Secondary measures included: participants’ assessment of impact on patient care and value to participants. Blinded video review using a modified Anaesthetists Non-Technical Skills scale was used to assess team behaviours.Results218 healthcare providers responded to 90 in situ simulations conducted over 1 year. A total of 73 LSTs were identified; a rate of one every 1.2 simulations performed. In situ simulations were cancelled at a rate of 28% initially, but the cancellation rate decreased as training matured. Examples of threats identified include malfunctioning equipment and knowledge gaps concerning role responsibilities. 78% of participants rated the simulations as extremely valuable or valuable, while only 5% rated the simulation as having little or no value. Of those responding to a postsimulation survey, 77% reported little or no clinical impact. Video recordings did not indicate changes in non-technical skills during this time.ConclusionsIn situ simulation is a practical method for the detection of LSTs and to reinforce team training behaviours. Embedding in situ simulation as a routine expectation positively affected operations and the safety climate in a high risk clinical setting.
More fatal all-terrain vehicle crashes occur on the roadway than off: increased risk-taking characterises roadway fatalities
Authors: Denning Gerene M , Harland Karisa K , Ellis David G , Jennissen Charles A 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundAll-terrain vehicles (ATVs) have steadily increased in popularity, size and speed, characteristics that likely contribute to the alarming rise in ATV-related fatalities. One potentially high-risk activity is riding on the road.ObjectivesTo compare fatal ATV crashes that occur on the roadway and off, to more fully understand factors that contribute to fatalities at each location.MethodsFatality data from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) were used for descriptive and comparative analyses. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine relative risk.ResultsOver 60% of all fatalities (1985–2009) resulted from roadway crashes. After 1998, roadway fatalities increased at over twice the rate of off-road fatalities. Roadway crashes were more likely than off-road crashes to involve multiple fatalities, carrying passengers, alcohol use, collisions and head injuries. Roadway victims were less likely to be helmeted than off-road victims. Passengers and operators with passengers were also less likely to be helmeted than operators riding alone. Helmeted victims were half as likely to suffer a head injury.ConclusionsFatal roadway crashes were more likely than off-road crashes to involve risk-taking behaviours (eg, carrying passengers) that could exacerbate the inherent difficulty of operating ATVs on roadway surfaces. Higher crash forces from greater speed, and lower use of protective equipment, may also have contributed to higher roadway mortality rates. Eliminating non-essential ATV road use may be an effective way to reduce ATV-related fatalities. This will likely require a substantial investment in rider education and better enforcement of ATV road use restriction laws.