bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measuring work activities and skill requirements of occupations
Authors: Tijdens Kea G. , De Ruijter Judith , De Ruijter Esther 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to evaluate a method for measuring work activities and skill requirements of 160 occupations in eight countries, used in EurOccupations, an EU‐FP6 project. Additionally, it aims to explore how the internet can be used for measuring work activities and skill requirements.Design/methodology/approachFor the 160 occupations, work activities were described in approximately ten tasks. Occupational experts and jobholders were invited to rate these tasks and to indicate the skill requirements, using a multilingual web‐survey. Experts were recruited through the networks of the project partners and jobholders through frequently visited websites in the eight countries. The effectiveness of the drafting of tasks descriptions, the recruitment of raters, and the measurement of skill requirements is evaluated.FindingsThe project showed that tasks descriptions for a wide range of occupations and countries can be drafted relatively easy, using desk research. Conducting a web‐survey with a routing for 160 occupations and eight countries is viable. Recruiting experts used more resources than recruiting jobholders using the internet. Measuring skill requirements would need much more resources due to major variations within and across countries.Research limitations/implicationsThe article addresses a number of areas that are potentially worthy of further empirical investigations for a Europe‐wide library of occupational titles, work activities and skill requirements.Practical implicationsThe paper outlines the potential of a future method for a European library of work activities and skill requirements for occupational titles, thereby facilitating European industrial training efforts.Social implicationsInsight in the work activities and skill requirements of occupations will facilitate labour mobility and related training across EU member states.Originality/valueThis paper explores the potential for a Europe‐wide empirical underpinning of work activities and skill requirements, using a web‐survey and the internet.
A call for libraries to go green
Authors: Fourie Ina 
Published: August 2012

PurposeWhen confronted with a problem where the solution is not clear or obvious, a first step would be to search for more information, trying to make sense of the problem. The intention of this contribution is to make sense of the call for “libraries to go green”, while at the same time to show the potential of explicitly considering information behaviour and the need to draw on the full spectrum of information literacy skills (e.g. recognising and expressing an information need, seeking, using, and disseminating information) to stimulate librarians' interest and confidence in taking on the challenge of going green and making a difference.Design/methodology/approachThe column will be written against the background of research from information literacy, information behaviour, and research on sustainable and environmental friendly library and information (LIS) services.FindingsAlthough rather a limited number, publications on “going green” and the “paperless” library/society address a variety of issues ranging from planning “green” library buildings, to assessing the experiences of LIS professionals in developing sustainable “green libraries”, to information behaviour in using e‐books in academic contexts. Considering the finding and use of information on “going green”, from an information behaviour perspective, helps to bring many issues to consider in furthering research on “going green” to the front.Originality/valueAlthough much has been published about information behaviour and information literacy, and although attempts of publishing on various issues of “green” libraries are noted, the author is not aware of other work aligning these issues.
Digital preservation ingest can be a “CINCH”
Authors: Rudersdorf Amy 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce the “Capture, Ingest, and Checksum” (CINCH) tool, developed by the State Library of North Carolina with funding from a 2011 IMLS Sparks! Ignition grant.Design/methodology/approachThis article describes the needs assessment, development, and use cases for the CINCH tool in the digital preservation community. A special emphasis is put on the possible wider adoption of the tool for small and mid‐sized institutions and the call for community building around it.FindingsCINCH does not relate directly to storage or access, but it does address the need for appropriately formatted SIPs to ensure the fixity, authenticity, and long‐term manageability of our digital assets. As a broadly accessible tool with generalized purpose, its greatest impact will be on small and mid‐sized institutions and organizations that do not now have access to an application of this nature.Research limitationsCINCH 2.0 planning is already underway. Improving the quality and range of metadata, exploring DRM restrictions, and expanding the types of harvestable files are at the top of the development list.Practical implicationsCINCH will create a Submission Information Package (SIP) to certify that the files ingested are ready for whatever preservation action the institution is capable of performing on them.Originality/valueCINCH was developed by the State Library of North Carolina and is the only tool of its kind available to the digital preservation community.
Accessibility of digital special collections using screen readers
Authors: Southwell Kristina L. , Slater Jacquelyn 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discover whether digitized materials from special collections libraries can be accessed using screen reader technology.Design/methodology/approachThe researchers looked at 69 US academic library web sites from the ARL in 2011 to determine whether textual materials sampled from their digitized special collections were readable with screen reader technology.FindingsThe researchers found that 42 percent of the sampled digital collection items are screen‐readable, while 58 percent are not readable.Research limitations/implicationsScreen readers are not evaluated against one another for effectiveness with digital collections. Library web site pathways to digital special collections were not evaluated with screen readers.Originality/valueThis is the first study to examine the accessibility of digitized special collections materials to persons using a screen reader.
A study of relevance feedback techniques in interactive multilingual information access
Authors: Wu Dan , He Daqing , Xu Xiaomei 
Published: August 2012

PurposeWith the vast amount of multilingual information available online, it becomes increasingly critical for libraries to use various multilingual information access techniques in order to effectively support patrons' online information requests. However, this is still a relatively under‐explored area. This paper aims to study the effectiveness and the adoptability of query expansion and translation enhancement in the context of interactive multilingual information access.Design/methodology/approachRelying on an interactive multilingual information access system called ICE‐TEA, the authors conducted a controlled experiment (English‐to‐Chinese translation) involving human subjects to assess the retrieval effectiveness, analyzed the collected search logs to examine users' behavior, and employed pre‐ and post‐questionnaires to obtain users' opinions about the system.FindingsThe results confirm that significant improvement in retrieval effectiveness can be achieved by combining query expansion with translation enhancement (as compared to a case when there is no relevance feedback). However, users' ability to understand, interact with and even perceive the complex process of searches involving the combination of query expansion and translation enhancement may greatly impact the effectiveness of the techniques. The results also confirm that human‐generated queries were short queries, which calls for careful consideration of how longer queries perform in real search because many search engines rely on longer and more complex queries.Originality/valueThis study examines two important relevance feedback techniques in the context of human‐involved multilingual information access. This study is a valuable addition to the information seeking behaviour literature.
Paradox of rural development in Bangladesh
Authors: Mashreque Shairul 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThis paper is about the dynamics of rural development in Bangladesh. The purpose of this paper is to epitomize the scenario of manipulative design in the presence of three influential policy actors, such as bureaucracy, political leadership and tycoons.Design/methodology/approachPolitical economy approach has been followed, by and large, to epitomize the dimension of exploitation and manipulation at the micro level. Secondary data were used for the purpose. Also, the author used his understanding of the dynamics of rural development.FindingsUnder the circumstances, it seems difficult for the incumbents on the supply side to break the “political vicious circle” protecting the rights of the peasants through projected safety nets against the domineering political and economic forces. When such forces coalesce to render distribution process all but skewed, the market as a socially construed mechanism functions to drain the surplus from the rural to the metropolitan areas. A similar situation exists in India, where sweeping changes of the social action by action from above were squandered, despite repeated ideological assertions of the policy makers for developing a socialistic pattern of economy. This is due largely to the lack of explicit political commitment and the domination of the propertied class over political leadership. Elitist orientation of bureaucracy, with its close linkage with the local elite, is responsible for making things worse. On the one hand, the hidden subsidies on food and other inputs are phased out in rural Bangladesh. On the other hand, a major percentage of aid funds earmarked for poverty alleviation is absorbed in paying high salaries to project consultants – both local and foreign – and defraying the cost of contracting the project/sub‐projects through underhand deals with bureaucratic incumbents. Only a small percentage is spent on the target beneficiaries.Originality/valueThe research is original, intended to address the issues that have not been addressed before. The author has tried to fill the gap in the state of knowledge about rural socio‐political formation, with emphasis on what is wrong with malfeasance in governance, which accounts for much triangular manipulation and corruption.
Credit NGOs' sustainability in rural financial market: a SWOT analysis on DAYBANG
Authors: He Lin , Liao Dongsheng 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the sustainability of Credit Non‐Governmental Organizations (CNGOs) such as DAYBANG.Design/methodology/approachThis paper investigates and describes the operating details, through the web, of DAYBANG using SWOT analysis.FindingsBy the means of SWOT analysis it is found that clarified information, credit scoring system and the law of large numbers set up by DAYBANG will decrease the asymmetric information influence, which will result in adverse selection and lowering of the transaction cost; while operational risk and moral hazard are the weaknesses to be overcome. SO, ST, WO, WT strategies deserve consideration.Originality/valueResearches on informal finance have focused on loans between relatives, friends and usurers. Few literatures, however, have studied the Credit NGOs (CNGOs). DAYBANG is a newly‐emerging CNGO which has resulted in immense public interest because of its Web operating platform. This paper discloses its operational characteristics, using SWOT analysis, which expands the research on informal finance.
The quality of prescription drug utilization five years after the 2003 Bam earthquake
Authors: Sepehri Gholamreza , Haj‐Akbari Naser , Sepehri Ehsan , Mohsen‐Beigi Motahareh 
Published: August 2012

PurposeFew reports considering drug use among earthquake survivors exist. The present study aims to examine the Bam earthquake's impact on prescribing patterns and drug use among residents five years post‐disaster.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, 297,104 prescriptions, issued by general practitioners in Bam city in 2008, were investigated for drugs/prescriptions, drug name, drug category, using WHO appropriate general practice prescribing indicators.FindingsMean drugs per prescription was 3.1. Drugs affecting the central nervous system were the most frequently used among Bam residents, representing 25.1 per cent, followed by antimicrobials, respiratory, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal tract drugs. Benzodiazepines were the most frequently used central nervous system drugs (15.8 per cent) followed by narcotic analgesics and tricyclic antidepressants. Penicillins (6.4 per cent) and cephalosporines (2.3 per cent) were the most frequently used antimicrobial drugs.Originality/valueResults emphasize increased drug use for psychological disturbances and the need for strategies to improve mental health among disaster survivors.
Implementing NICE guidelines on risk assessment for venous thromboembolism
Authors: Thavarajah Dushan , Wetherill Martin 
Published: August 2012

PurposeVenous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis guidelines were originally published by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) in April 2007. Controversy eclipsed their release. Consequently, the VTE prophylaxis publication was reviewed and republished in January 2010. The NICE guidelines recommend that all patients are assessed for risk before pharmacological prophylaxis is offered and reassessed at 24 hours to check adverse reactions; and that prophylaxis is appropriate. This paper aims to look at their implementation.Design/methodology/approachA prospective audit and re‐audit in one orthopaedic department was completed to see how well the new guidelines were adhered to, find out first‐hand what problems there were, and how they might be remedied.FindingsAudit and re‐audit highlighted that attaching an assessment tool to drug charts is plausible.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was limited to one centre and used a relatively weak research design.Practical implicationsAs a process, the clinical impact of risk assessment for VTE is questionable as many patients will be high risk. Removing reassessment at 24 hours from the NICE guidance is recommended.Originality/valueThe authors put the NICE guideline into clinical practice, demonstrating how effectively it can work with their method, but also highlighting its flaws.
Accountability in the Bangladeshi privatized healthcare sector
Authors: Nurunnabi Mohammad , Kamrul Islam Syed 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the perceived Bangladesh privatized healthcare sector accountability gap.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 533 patients using services in 45 Dhaka city privatized hospitals. A questionnaire was designed based on 60 patient focus study group and the literature.FindingsStructural equation modeling provides a comprehensive picture that allows healthcare constructs and accountability to be tested. The goodness‐of‐fit statistics supported the four factors of professionals, administration and management, legal enforcement, ethics and government, which were significantly associated with accountability. Despite Bangladeshi privatized healthcare growth, the study revealed that accountability mainly depends on government initiatives and effectively implementing existing laws.Research limitations/implicationsThe study covered one Bangladesh city (Dhaka) owing to resource constraints. Qualitative methods may have enriched the findings.Practical implicationsThe accountability dimensions may be applicable to other countries to examine the perceived accountability gap. The study looked at the current Bangladesh privatized healthcare sector. Major issues of Bangladesh privatized healthcare accountability are discussed and recommendations for policymakers are suggested to improve the current circumstances.Originality/valueThe study is the first of its kind to examine accountability among privatized healthcare providers in developing countries. Patients’ accountability views require urgent attention from policy makers.
Entrepreneurial intention models as applied to Latin America
Authors: Guzmán‐Alfonso Carmen , Guzmán‐Cuevas Joaquín 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe aim of this research is to determine whether entrepreneurial intention models explain the entrepreneurial behaviour of individuals regarding venture creation in Latin America, as well as to test if the three factors usually taken into consideration in these models (attitudes, perceived social value, and perceived self‐efficacy, as defined by Ajzen) really determine entrepreneurial intentions in this part of the world.Design/methodology/approachBy using panel data from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Global Report for the years 2008, 2009 and 2010, referring to Latin America, the paper employs two linear regression models to examine determinants of entrepreneurial intentions in Latin America and the role of the entrepreneurial intentions in the entrepreneurial initiative.FindingsAccording to the results obtained, it can be stated that, also for the case of Latin America, entrepreneurial intentions are once more confirmed as a previous step of entrepreneurial behaviour with regard to venture creation. However, even though the three variables taken into consideration are significant as determinants of entrepreneurial intentions, evidence suggests a negative relationship between the perception of social value about entrepreneurship and the entrepreneurial intention, which contradicts the previous literature review. A further investigation regarding this result is planned for the near future.Originality/valueThe originality of this research arises from bringing together in a model three of the main elements in the research field of entrepreneurship – entrepreneurial intention models, global entrepreneurship monitor and Latin America (one of the most important places where the entrepreneurship phenomenon takes place).
Strategic renewal and the change of capabilities in utility firms
Authors: Worch Hagen , Kabinga Mundia , Eberhard Anton , Truffer Bernhard 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze how strategic renewal affects the reconfiguration of capabilities. In the context of organizational change in a large utility firm, we examine the evolution of the capability structure, and explain the emergence and persistence of capability gaps.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses an inductive multiple case study methodology to compare four processes of capability reconfiguration at Eskom, South Africa's electricity supplier.FindingsThe results show that strategic renewal unfolds through different processes, which vary in their impact. Some processes have an immediate effect in closing capability gaps. The impact of others is with a significant time lag. Most critical, however, are processes that widen capability gaps. As a result, firms may face severe and persistent performance deficiencies.Research limitations/implicationsPrior research has only marginally addressed the relationship between strategic renewal and capability reconfiguration, and has largely neglected emerging capability gaps.Practical implicationsStrategic renewal may cause unintended crowding out effects of specific capabilities. Managers need to consider these potential implications of strategic renewal.Social implicationsUnderstanding the challenges of how to improve the performance of utility services is crucial for economic development, welfare and social inclusion.Originality/valueThis study importantly highlights that the emergence of capability gaps is a common phenomenon rather than an exception in strategic renewal processes. The findings contribute to the strategic renewal literature and to management research in infrastructure sectors.
Analytical dimensions of knowledge transfer to the subsidiaries
Authors: Duarte Moleiro Martins José 
Published: August 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to provide useful insights for multinational corporations (MNCs) that intend to transfer knowledge to their subsidiaries situated in Mozambique. The local operating conditions particular to that country are influenced by three analytic dimensions: the source's ability to transfer knowledge, the climate of cooperation between source and recipient and the recipient's absorptive capacity.Design/methodology/approachThe case study deals with four MNCs with subsidiaries in Mozambique which have developed activities in the industrial sector. The analysis is applied to those companies in order to answer the research questions.FindingsThe results obtained reveal that the recipient should not be made to feel that the transferred knowledge is imposed by the source, so that it can be used as an asset in the production of new products, but without reproducing the business model of the source. This process of adaptation to the specific local context is crucial.Research limitations/implicationsThe case study method does not permit the generalization of the results, but it does make it possible to study a combination of problems related to the phenomenon that contribute to a better understanding.Originality/valueThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of the process of knowledge transfer to subsidiary companies based in Mozambique, and greater efficiency in that process, taking into consideration the specific characteristics of the local market and the local absorptive capacity.