bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicenter validation study of pathologic response and tumor thickness at the tumor‐normal liver interface as independent predictors of disease‐free survival after preoperative chemotherapy and surgery for colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Brouquet Antoine , Zimmitti Giuseppe , Kopetz Scott , Stift Judith , Julié Catherine , Lemaistre Anne‐Isabelle , Agarwal Atin , Patel Viren , Benoist Stephane , Nordlinger Bernard , Gandini Alessandro , Rivoire Michel , Stremitzer Stefan , Gruenberger Thomas , Vauthey Jean‐Nicolas , Maru Dipen M. 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDTo validate pathologic markers of response to preoperative chemotherapy as predictors of disease‐free survival (DFS) after resection of colorectal liver metastases (CLM).METHODSOne hundred seventy‐one patients who underwent resection of CLM after preoperative chemotherapy at 4 centers were studied. Pathologic response—defined as the proportion of tumor cells remaining (complete, 0%; major, <50%; minor, ≥50%) and tumor thickness at the tumor‐normal liver interface (TNI) (<0.5 mm, 0.5 to <5 mm, ≥5 mm)—was assessed by a central pathology reviewer and local pathologists.RESULTSPathologic response was complete in 8% of patients, major in 49% of patients, and minor in 43% of patients. Tumor thickness at the TNI was <0.5 mm in 21% of patients, 0.5 to <5 mm in 56% of patients, and ≥5 mm in 23% of patients. On multivariate analyses, using either pathologic response or tumor thickness at TNI, pathologic response (P = .002, .009), tumor thickness at TNI (P = 0.015, <.001), duration of preoperative chemotherapy (P = .028, .043), number of CLM (P = .038, . 037), and margin (P = .011, .016) were associated with DFS. In a multivariate analysis using both parameters, tumor thickness at TNI (P = .004, .015), duration of preoperative chemotherapy (P = .025), number of nodules (P = .027), and margin (P = .014) were associated with DFS. Tumor size by pathology examination was the predictor of pathologic response. Predictors of tumor thickness at the TNI were tumor size and chemotherapy regimen. There was near perfect agreement for pathologic response (κ = .82) and substantial agreement (κ = .76) for tumor thickness between the central reviewer and local pathologists.CONCLUSIONSPathologic response and tumor thickness at the TNI are valid predictors of DFS after preoperative chemotherapy and surgery for CLM. Cancer 2013;119:2778–2788. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Extracellular Electron Transfer across Bacterial Cell Membranes via a Cytocompatible Redox‐Active Polymer
Authors: Nishio Koichi , Nakamura Ryuhei , Lin Xiaojie , Konno Tomohiro , Ishihara Kazuhiko , Nakanishi Shuji , Hashimoto Kazuhito 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA redox‐active phospholipid polymer with a phospholipid‐mimicking structure (2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine; MPC) was synthesized to construct a biocompatible electron mediator between bacteria and an electrode. In this study, a copolymer of MPC and vinylferrocene [VF; poly(MPC‐co‐VF)] (PMF) is synthesized. When PMF is added to cultures of the bacterial species Escherichia coli (Gram negative) and Lactobacillus plantarum (Gram positive), which have different cell wall structures, a catalytic current mediated by PMF is observed. In addition, growth curves and live/dead assays indicate that PMF does not decrease metabolic activity or cell viability. These results indicate that PMF mediates extracellular electron transfer across bacterial cell membranes without associated cytotoxicity.
Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of nickel in Enchytraeus crypticus
Authors: He Erkai , van Gestel Cornelis A.M. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Metal toxicity is usually determined at a fixed time point, which may bias the assessment of risks associated with varied exposure time. Time-dependent accumulation and toxicity of nickel in the potworm Enchytraeus crypticus were investigated in solutions embedded in an inert quartz sand matrix. Internal Ni concentration and mortality were determined at 7 different time intervals and interpreted from the perspective of toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics. A 1-compartment model was used to describe the uptake and elimination kinetics of Ni. At each exposure concentration, Ni concentration in the organisms increased with increasing exposure time, reaching equilibrium after approximately 14 d. Median lethal concentration (LC50) decreased with time and reached an ultimate value of 0.182 mg/L. The LC50 values expressed as internal Ni concentrations (LC50inter) were almost constant (16.7 mg/kg body dry wt) at each exposure time. The LC50inter was independent of exposure time, suggesting that internal concentration was a better indicator of Ni toxicity than external concentration. The uptake rate constant was 11.9 L/kg/d, and elimination rate constants were 0.325/d (based on internal concentration) and 0.070/d (based on survival), indicating that not all internal Ni contributes to toxicity. The present study highlights the importance of taking time into account in future toxicity testing and risk assessment practices. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1835–1841. © 2013 SETAC
Effects of the insecticide fipronil on reproductive endocrinology in the fathead minnow
Authors: Bencic David C. , Villeneuve Daniel L. , Biales Adam D. , Blake Lindsey , Durhan Elizabeth J. , Jensen Kathleen M. , Kahl Michael D. , Makynen Elizabeth A. , Martinović-Weigelt Dalma , Ankley Gerald T. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GABA receptors play an important role in neuroendocrine regulation in fish. Disruption of the GABAergic system by environmental contaminants could interfere with normal regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to impaired fish reproduction. The present study used a 21-d fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) reproduction assay to investigate the reproductive toxicity of fipronil (FIP), a broad-spectrum phenylpyrazole insecticide that acts as a noncompetitive blocker of GABA receptor–gated chloride channels. Continuous exposure up to 5 µg FIP/L had no significant effect on most of the endpoints measured, including fecundity, secondary sexual characteristics, plasma steroid and vitellogenin concentrations, ex vivo steroid production, and targeted gene expression in gonads or brain. The gonad mass, gonadosomatic index, and histological stage of the gonad were all significantly different in females exposed to 0.5 µg FIP/L compared with those exposed to 5.0 µg FIP/L; however, there were no other significant effects on these measurements in the controls or any of the other treatments in either males and females. Overall, the results do not support a hypothesized adverse outcome pathway linking FIP antagonism of the GABA receptor(s) to reproductive impairment in fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1828–1834. © 2013 SETAC
Development of short, acute exposure hazard estimates: A tool for assessing the effects of chemical spills in aquatic environments
Authors: Bejarano Adriana C. , Farr James K. 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Management decisions aimed at protecting aquatic resources following accidental chemical spills into rivers and coastal estuaries require estimates of toxic thresholds derived from realistic spill conditions: acute pulse exposures of short duration (h), information which often is unavailable. Most existing toxicity data (median lethal concentration or median effective concentration) come from tests performed under constant exposure concentrations and exposure durations in the 24-h to 96-h range, conditions not typical of most chemical spills. Short-exposure hazard concentration estimates were derived for selected chemicals using empirical toxicity data. Chemical-specific 5th percentile hazard concentrations (HC5) of species sensitivity distributions (SSD) from individual exposure durations (6–96 h) were derived via bootstrap resampling and were plotted against their original exposure durations to estimate HC5s and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) at shorter exposures (1, 2, and 4 h). This approach allowed the development of short-exposure HC5s for 12 chemicals. Model verification showed agreement between observed and estimated short-exposure HC5s (r2 adjusted = 0.95, p &lt; 0.0001), and comparison of estimated short-exposure HC5s with empirical toxicity data indicated generally conservative hazard estimates. This approach, applied to 2 real spill incidents, indicated hazard estimates above expected environmental concentrations (acrylonitrile), and suggested that environmental concentrations likely exceeded short-exposure hazard estimates (furfural). Although estimates generated through this approach were likely overprotective, these were derived from environmentally realistic exposure durations, providing risk-assessors with a tool to manage field decisions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1918–1927. © 2013 SETAC
Religiöse Vielfalt — Bedrohung oder Chance?
Authors: Pollack Detlef , Friedrichs Nils 
Published: April 2013

AbstractViele Europäer beurteilen den Islam kritisch, sehen in ihm und anderen nicht‐christlichen Religionen aber dennoch eine kulturelle Bereicherung. Nicht so in Deutschland: Hier will eine große Mehrheit dem Fremden kaum Raum geben.
Pessimismus — fehl am Platz
Authors: Börsch‐Supan Axel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMenschen leben nicht nur länger, sie können auch länger produktiv sein — das sind die positiven Seiten des demografischen Wandels. Wenn wir mit diesen besser umzugehen verstehen, lassen sich die negativen Auswirkungen leichter ausgleichen.
Vertraute Räume
Authors: Marquardt Gesine 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWenn Menschen sich nicht mehr orientieren können, brauchen sie eine Umgebung, die auf sie zugeschnitten ist. In einem Forschungsprojekt suchen Architekten nach Konzepten und Gestaltungsempfehlungen für die eigenen vier Wände, Pflegeheime und Krankenhäuser.
Geometrical effects of a subducted seamount on stopping megathrust ruptures
Authors: Yang Hongfeng , Liu Yajing , Lin Jian 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe have numerically simulated dynamic ruptures along a “slip‐weakening” megathrust fault with a subducted seamount of realistic geometry, demonstrating that seamounts can act as a barrier to earthquake ruptures. Such barrier effect is calculated to be stronger for increased seamount normal stress relative to the ambient level, for larger seamount height‐to‐width ratio, and for shorter seamount‐to‐nucleation distance. As the seamount height increases from 0 to 40% of its basal width, the required increase in the effective normal stress on the seamount to stop ruptures drops by as much as ~20%. We further demonstrate that when a seamount is subducted adjacent to the earthquake nucleation zone, coseismic ruptures can be stopped even if the seamount has a lower effective normal stress than the ambient level. These results indicate that subducted seamounts may stop earthquake ruptures for a wide range of seamount normal stress conditions, including the case of the thrust fault being lubricated by seamount‐top fluid‐rich sediments, as suggested from observations in the Japan and Sunda Trenches.
Tidal dissipation in the early Eocene and implications for ocean mixing
Authors: Green J. A. M. , Huber M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe tidally driven vertical diffusivity in the abyssal ocean during the early Eocene (55 Ma) is investigated using an established tidal model. A weak tide is predicted in the Eocene ocean, except in the Pacific. Consequently, the integrated global tidal dissipation rate is a mere 1.44TW, of which 40% dissipate in the Pacific. However, due to a stronger abyssal vertical stratification the predicted Eocene vertical diffusivities are consistently larger than at present. The results support the hypothesis that altered tidal dissipation may play a role in explaining the maintenance of past climate regimes, especially the anomalously warm temperatures in the southwest Pacific in the Eocene, and the low dissipation rates may be important for lunar evolution history.
The 2011–2012 unrest at Santorini rift: Stress interaction between active faulting and volcanism
Authors: Feuillet Nathalie 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAt Santorini, active normal faulting controls the emission of volcanic products. Such geometry has implication on seismic activity around the plumbing system during unrest. Static Coulomb stress changes induced by the 2011–2012 inflation within a preexisting NW‐SE extensional regional stress field, compatible with fault geometry, increased by more than 0.5 MPa in an ellipsoid‐shaped zone beneath the Minoan caldera where almost all earthquakes (96%) have occurred since beginning of unrest. Magmatic processes perturb the regional stress in the caldera where strike‐slip rather than normal faulting along NE‐SW striking planes are expected. The inflation may have also promoted more distant moderate earthquakes on neighboring faults as the M > 5 January 2012, south of Christiania. Santorini belongs to a set of en echelon NE‐SW striking rifts (Milos, Nysiros) oblique to the Aegean arc that may have initiated in the Quaternary due to propagation of the North Anatolian fault into the Southern Aegean Sea.
Storage dynamics simulations in prairie wetland hydrology models: evaluation and parameterization
Authors: Shook Kevin , Pomeroy John W. , Spence Christopher , Boychuk Lyle 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe contributing areas of streams in the Prairie regions of Canada and the northern U.S. are dominated by complexes of wetlands which store and release water. Prior research has suggested the existence of hysteresis between the total volume of water stored in prairie wetlands within a drainage basin and the basin's contributing area. To simulate the relationship between storage and contributing area in a way that accounts for hysteresis, two wetland hydrology models with vastly different levels of complexity were devised.The fully distributed Wetland Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Ponding Model (WDPM) applies simple fluxes of runoff and evaporation to a DEM of a prairie wetland complex. The parameterized Pothole Cascade Model (PCM) applies simulated fluxes of water to collections of conceptual models of wetlands and is less demanding in computations and data. Prior research showed that both models produced hysteretic relationships between water storage and contributing area, but the PCM produced smaller estimates of contributing area than did the WDPM, likely due to its spatial simplification.Using sequential remote sensing observations of wetland area after snowmelt, this study shows that the frequency distribution of the open water areas of prairie wetlands is similar to that produced by the WDPM when the wetlands are close to being completely filled. The remotely sensed observations show evidence of hysteresis in the open water area frequency distributions, as predicted by the fully distributed WDPM. To enable the parameterized PCM to produce the same type of hysteretic relationships as the WDPM, scaling relationships between the maximum area of a wetland and the area of upland draining into it were included. The parameterized PCM is suitable for application with prairie snow redistribution, snowmelt, infiltration, runoff and evapotranspiration routines as part of semi‐distributed hydrological modelling of prairie wetland basins such as that implemented in the Cold Regions Hydrological Model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of approaches for snowpack estimation in New York City watersheds
Authors: Schneiderman Elliot M. , Matonse Adao H. , Zion Mark S. , Lounsbury David G. , Mukundan Rajith , Pradhanang Soni M. , Pierson Donald C. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSnow is a substantial component of historical annual precipitation in New York City (NYC) water supply watersheds in the Catskill Mountains, and the pattern of snow accumulation and snowmelt has important implications for the management of the reservoirs and watersheds that are part of the NYC water supply. NYC currently estimates reservoir basin‐scale snowpack throughout the snow season by extrapolation from biweekly snow survey data. These estimates are complemented by the NOAA Snow Data Assimilation System (SNODAS) product. Snowpack models are used in short‐term projections to support reservoir operations and long‐term simulations to evaluate the potential effects of climate change, land use change, and watershed management on the water supply. We tested three snowpack estimation approaches compared with snow survey data: the lumped‐parameter temperature index approach from the Generalized Watershed Loading Function (GWLF) watershed model, a spatially distributed temperature index (SDTI) model, and the spatially distributed NOAA SNODAS product. Of the spatially distributed approaches, SNODAS estimated the spatial variability of snow water equivalent (SWE) among snow survey sites within a basin better than the SDTI model. All three snowpack estimation approaches, including the lumped‐parameter GWLF model, performed well in estimating basin‐wide SWE for most of the basins studied. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence for extreme variations in the permeability of laterite from a detailed analysis of well behaviour in Nigeria
Authors: Bonsor H. C. , MacDonald A. M. , Davies J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLaterite soils are widespread in tropical Africa and have a large impact on the hydrology of the areas they cover. The permeability of laterite helps determine the partitioning of runoff and interflow and regulates groundwater recharge to underlying bedrock. Groundwater within laterite also forms a widespread source of drinking water, typically from unimproved hang‐dug‐wells. Despite its importance, there is little published information on laterite aquifer properties. In this study, data from a 6 m deep well in Nigeria have been analysed to characterise the hydraulic conductivity of the laterite from repeated pumping tests. Transmissivity measurements from 40 tests spread out across a hydrological year varied from 0.1 to 1000 m2/d. Further interpretation of the data demonstrate a strong non‐linear decrease in horizontal hydraulic conductivity with depth, characterised by an upper horizon of extreme permeability (400 m/d), and a much lower permeability profile beneath (<0.1 m/d). These data are substantiated with observations from other wells throughout the area. This non‐linear permeability structure has several implications: the upper laterite can facilitate rapid lateral throughflow in the wet season, enabling contaminants to be transported significant distances (up to 1 km); natural groundwater levels are restricted to a narrow range for much of the year; and, in the dry season, the lower permeability of the deeper laterite restricts the amount of water which can be abstracted from shallow wells, leading to well failure. The work highlights the need for a wider study to better understand laterite soils and the role they play in regional hydrology. © 2013 Natural Environment Research Council. Hydrological Processes published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The effect of plasma‐nitrided titanium surfaces on osteoblastic cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation
Authors: Ferraz Emanuela P. , Sa Juliana C. , de Oliveira Paulo T. , Alves Clodomiro , Beloti Marcio M. , Rosa Adalberto L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the effect of new plasma‐nitrided Ti surfaces on the progression of osteoblast cultures, including cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Ti surfaces were treated using two plasma‐nitriding protocols, hollow cathode for 3 h (HC 3 h) and 1 h (HC 1 h) and planar for 1 h. Untreated Ti surfaces were used as control. Cells derived from human alveolar and rat calvarial bones were cultured on Ti surfaces for periods of up to 14 days and the following parameters were evaluated: cell morphology, adhesion, spreading and proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, extracellular matrix mineralization, and gene expression of key osteoblast markers. Plasma‐nitriding treatments resulted in Ti surfaces with distinct physicochemical characteristics. The cell adhesion and ALP activity were higher on plasma‐nitrided Ti surfaces compared with untreated one, whereas cell proliferation and extracellular matrix mineralization were not affected by the treatments. In addition, the plasma‐nitrided Ti surfaces increased the ALP, reduced the osteocalcin and did not affect the Runx2 gene expression. We have shown that HC 3 h and planar Ti surfaces slightly favored the osteoblast differentiation process, and then these surfaces should be considered for further investigation using preclinical models. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 991–998, 2014.
Decellularized liver scaffolds effectively support the proliferation and differentiation of mouse fetal hepatic progenitors
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Cui Jing , Zhang Bing‐Qiang , Zhang Hongyu , Bi Yang , Kang Quan , Wang Ning , Bie Ping , Yang Zhanyu , Wang Huaizhi , Liu Xiangde , Haydon Rex C. , Luu Hue H. , Tang Ni , Dong Jiahong , He Tong‐Chuan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractDecellularized whole organs represent ideal scaffolds for engineering new organs and/or cell transplantation. Here, we investigate whether decellularized liver scaffolds provide cell‐friendly biocompatible three‐dimensional (3‐D) environment to support the proliferation and differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells. Mouse liver tissues are efficiently decellularized through portal vein perfusion. Using the reversibly immortalized mouse fetal hepatic progenitor cells (iHPCs), we are able to effectively recellularize the decellularized liver scaffolds. The perfused iHPCs survive and proliferate in the 3‐D scaffolds in vitro for 2 weeks. When the recellularized scaffolds are implanted into the kidney capsule of athymic nude mice, cell survival and proliferation of the implanted scaffolds are readily detected by whole body imaging for 10 days. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor (EGF) is shown to significantly promote the proliferation and differentiation of the implanted iHPCs. Histologic and immunochemical analyzes indicate that iHPCs are able to proliferate and differentiate to mature hepatocytes upon EGF stimulation in the scaffolds. The recellularization of the biomaterial scaffolds is accompanied with vascularization. Taken together, these results indicate that decullarized liver scaffolds effectively support the proliferation and differentiation of iHPCs, suggesting that decellularized liver matrix may be used as ideal biocompatible scaffolds for hepatocyte transplantation. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1017–1025, 2014.
An artificial fusion protein between bone morphogenetic protein 2 and titanium‐binding peptide is functional in vivo
Authors: Yuasa Kazuaki , Kokubu Eitoyo , Kokubun Katsutoshi , Matsuzaka Kenichi , Shiba Kiyotaka , Kashiwagi Kenji , Inoue Takashi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate osteogenesis using an artificial fusion protein (AFP) composed of modified bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) with a titanium (Ti)‐binding peptide (TBP) motif on a Ti surface in vivo. In the in vivostudy, 5‐μm thick Ti was coated with electron cyclotron resonance sputtering on a porous carbon scaffold which was then dipped in one of three different mixtures of collagen gel: (1) collagen gel only, (2) collagen gel with TBP, and (3) collagen gel with the AFP between BMP‐2 and the TBP motif (AFP‐TBP–BMP‐2). These scaffolds were then implanted into rat abdominal muscles and were studied histologically at various times and the expression of several bone‐related protein messenger RNAs (mRNAs) was also analyzed. The Ti‐coated scaffold of the collagen gel with AFP‐TBP–BMP‐2 produced cartilage in the muscle and the expression of alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoprotein, and runt‐related gene 2 mRNAs was significantly increased. These results suggest that the scaffold of the collagen gel with AFP‐TBP–BMP‐2 accelerates osteogenesis in vivo. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1180–1186, 2014.