bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A forwarding strategy of counteracting redundancy data in named data networking
Authors: Yan Huan , Gao Deyun , Su Wei , Chao Han‐Chieh 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn named data networking, a router forwards Interests to all available contents including copies under the original design of forwarding strategy. All of these redundant copies of requested contents are returned to the user, which leads to unnecessary waste of network resources. In this paper, we propose a new forwarding strategy named counteracting redundant data (CRD) to reduce the transmission of redundant Data. The CRD strategy introduces a new packet called Data Acknowledgement (DACK) to stop forwarding redundant data. When a router receives a DACK, it will delete the matched Pending Interest Table (PIT) entry with the same name prefix and same incoming interface as the DACK. Thus, subsequent Data will be discarded when the corresponding PIT entry in the router no longer exists. According to the transmission model with tree structure, forwarding number that indicates the number of DACK being forwarded is a very important factor affecting the transmission overhead of CRD strategy. In our simulation, the results show the CRD strategy can improve transmission efficiency, reduce transmission overhead while ensuring a certain reliability, and also decrease the storage of content store at the same time. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carrageenan–Silica Hybrid Nanoparticles Prepared by a Non‐Emulsion Method
Authors: Soares Sofia F. , Trindade Tito , Daniel‐da‐Silva Ana L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSpherical and monodispersed sub‐micrometer sized particles of organic–inorganic hybrids were prepared by means of a sol–gel non‐emulsion method using the biopolymer κ‐carrageenan and the alkoxysilane 3‐isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane (ICPTES). The structural characterization of the carrageenan–silica hybrid particles was performed by using FTIR spectroscopy and solid‐state 29Si and 13C NMR spectroscopy and confirmed that κ‐carrageenan was covalently linked to the siliceous network via urethane bonds. Zeta‐potential measurements indicate the hybrids were functionalized on the surface with sulfonate groups from the polysaccharide. These hybrids display thermal sensitivity, which is of great relevance for biomedical applications such as drug encapsulation and thermally controlled drug‐delivery systems.
Experimental and numerical study on the performance of hollow and concrete‐filled elliptical steel columns subjected to severe fire
Authors: Ali Faris , Nadjai Ali , Goodfellow N. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThis paper presents the results of an experimental and validated theoretical study to investigate the performance of steel columns with hollow and concrete‐filled elliptical sections subjected to hydrocarbon fire. The test programme involved 18 columns with 200 × 100 × 8‐mm, 300 × 150 × 8‐mm and 400 × 200 × 8‐mm elliptical sections representing slenderness of 50, 33 and 24, respectively. The 1800‐mm columns were subjected to the severe hydrocarbon fire curve and tested under loadings ratios of 20%, 40% and 60% of the EC3 ultimate strength. The paper presents the obtained experimental results including measured axial and lateral displacements, failure temperatures and failure time. A three‐dimensional model was built using the finite element method (FEM) and was validated using the obtained tests results. The finite element model showed an excellent agreement with tests results of failure temperatures, failure modes, and axial and lateral displacements. However, because of restrictions in the software capabilities, the mechanical–thermal behaviour of concrete including spalling was not considered in the model. The verified finite element model was used to conduct a parametric analysis involving a range of parameters of loading level and slenderness. The study has shown that the concrete‐filled sections have demonstrated an improved fire resistance when compared with the hollow sections under the low loading ratios. The FEM model has successfully predicted the unique thermal profile of elliptical section under fire, which was observed during the tests. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Light management below ground: lighting technology in tunnelling / Lichtmanagement unter Tage: Beleuchtungstechnik im Tunnelbau
Authors: Maurer Walter 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNew lighting technologies are everywhere and LED (light emitting diode) has become a popular search term for buyers of lighting equipment. The energy saving potential is enormous and energy efficiency has become important in any company, from agricultural and industrial businesses to service providers. To encourage this development, a new law was introduced by the Austrian Ministry of Science, Research and Business in 2014 that requires businesses to determine energy saving potential and reduce energy consumption. Replacement of outdated lighting technologies does have great potential for energy saving, but light is also an essential factor in the world of work, and companies have long underestimated its influence on the performance and motivation of staff. Lighting was and still is a precondition for working underground, but how much light is needed? The following article is intended to draw attention to the importance of light below ground and indicate possible effects on performance and health.Neue Beleuchtungstechniken wie Leuchtdioden (LED – light‐emitting diode) erobern den Alltag. Das Energieeinsparungspotenzial in der Beleuchtungstechnik ist enorm, und die Energieeffizienzorientierung hat längst in allen Unternehmen, von Agrar‐ und Industriebetrieben bis hin zu Dienstleistern, Einzug gehalten. Um diese Entwicklung weiter voranzutreiben, wurde vom österreichischen Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft im Jahr 2014 ein Maßnahmenpaket verabschiedet, wonach Unternehmen verpflichtet sind, Energieeinsparungspotenziale zu ermitteln und den Energieverbrauch zu reduzieren. Überalterte Beleuchtungstechniken bergen ein großes Energieeinsparungspotenzial, aber Licht ist auch in der Arbeitswelt ein wesentlicher Faktor. Unternehmen haben dessen Einfluss auf die Leistung und die Motivation von Mitarbeitern lange unterschätzt. Unter Tage war und ist Licht eine Voraussetzung für die Arbeit, aber wieviel Licht wird benötigt? Die nachfolgenden Ausführungen sollen das Augenmerk auf die Bedeutung von Licht unter Tage lenken und mögliche Einflüsse auf die Leistungsfähigkeit und Gesundheit aufzeigen.
Automation of rock selection and aggregate quality for reuse in tunnelling and industry
Authors: Petitat Manuel , von Allmen Katja , Burdin Jacques 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe tunneling industry is flourishing around the world. But what about the spoil material? This paper presents the different steps achieved towards an automation of rock selection and aggregate quality assessment for tunnelling to reduce environmental impacts and maximize the use of excavation materials by analyzing and processing TBM muck on‐line, inside the tunnel, on the tunnel boring machine.
Geogenic versus Anthropogenic: Hydrocarbons in the Spoil from the Falkenstein and Spering Tunnels (A9 Pyhrn Autobahn, Austria)
Authors: Gratzer Reinhard , Bechtel Achim , Sachsenhofer Reinhard F. , Gawlick Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn the Falkenstein und Spering tunnels (A9 Pyhrn Autobahn; Northern Calcareous Alps), hydrocarbon contents (HC Index) in excess of the permitted threshold values were detected in the course of the routine statutory analysis of the excavated material. Comparative detailed geochemical analysis of retained reference samples, operational consumables and core samples from boreholes drilled into the tunnel wall show that threshold values of HC indices in the Reifling Limestone are exceeded due to the presence of locally generated natural hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons were probably formed in marly zones of the carbonate rocks and migrated into the well‐developed fracture network. These hydrocarbons are characterized by high contents of n‐alkanes, high Ts/(Ts+Tm) ratios, a predominance of C27 and C29 steranes, and the lack of oleanane. Traces of hydrocarbons in the Wetterstein Limestone contain oleanane due to contamination by operating consumables.Im Ausbruchmaterial des Falkenstein und Spering Tunnels (A9 Pyhrn Autobahn; Nördliche Kalkalpen) wurden im Rahmen der gesetzlichen Routineanalytik Überschreitungen des Grenzwerts für den Kohlenwasserstoff‐Index (KW‐Index) festgestellt. Vergleichende geochemische Detailuntersuchungen (GC‐MS, Kohlenstoff‐Isotopie) an Rückstellproben des Tunnelausbruchmaterials, an Betriebsmitteln sowie Bohrkernproben von der Strosse zeigen, dass Grenzwertüberschreitungen innerhalb der Reiflinger Kalke auf geogene Kohlenwasserstoffe zurückzuführen sind. Es handelt sich dabei vermutlich um lokal gebildetes Festbitumen, das aus den mergeligen Partien der Reiflinger Kalke in ein Kluftsystem eingewandert ist. Diese Kohlenwasserstoffe sind durch hohe Gehalte an n‐Alkanen, hohe Ts/(Ts+Tm) Verhältnisse, eine Prädominanz von C27 und C29 Steranen und das Fehlen von Oleanan gekennzeichnet. Kohlenwasserstoffspuren im Wettersteinkalk beinhalten Oleanan und sind auf Betriebsmittel zurückzuführen.
Dip variations of the North American and North Caribbean Plates dominate the tectonic activity of Puerto Rico–Virgin Islands and adjacent areas
Authors: Xu Xiao , Keller G. Randy , Guo Xiaoyu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe M 7.0 Haiti earthquake of 2010 in the Greater Antilles is a reminder that the northeastern Caribbean is at a high risk for seismic and tsunami hazards. The Greater Antilles consist of the Hispaniola microplate to the west and Puerto Rico–Virgin Islands to the east and are situated between two subduction zones with the Puerto Rico Trench to the north and the Muertos Trough to the south. Although there is no active volcanism on Puerto Rico, earthquake depths and previous seismic tomography results imply that the slabs of Caribbean and North American Plates exist at depth. However, how far the east Muertos Trough subduction of the North Caribbean Plate has extended has not been fully addressed. In addition, the Puerto Rico–Virgin Islands are bounded by extensional regimes to both the west (Mona Rift) and east (Anegada Passage). The cause of the extension is still under debate. In this paper, we use new 3D seismic tomography and gravity data to carry out an integrated study of the geometry of the subducting slabs of the North American and North Caribbean Plates in the Puerto Rico–Virgin Islands area. The results indicate that both slabs have an increase of dip westward, which is strongly controlled by the subduction rollback of the North American Plate. These variations affected the tectonic evolution of the Puerto Rico–Virgin Islands. Thus, the results of this research advance our understanding of the kinematic evolution of the Puerto Rico–Virgin Islands and associated natural hazards. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TiO2 nanoparticles‐induced apoptosis of primary cultured Sertoli cells of mice
Authors: Hong Fashui , Zhao Xiaoyang , Chen Ming , Zhou Yingjun , Ze Yuguan , Wang Ling , Wang Yajing , Ge Yushuang , Zhang Qi , Ye Lingqun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTitanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), as largest production and use of nanomaterials, have been demonstrated to have a potential toxicity on reproductive system. However, the mechanism underlying male reproductive toxicity of TiO2 NPs remains limited. Thus, our study was designed to examine the cellular viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress, antioxidant capacity, and expression of apoptotic cytokines in primary cultured Sertoli cells isolated from mice under TiO2 NPs exposure. Results showed that TiO2 NPs exposure from 5 to 30 μg/mL resulted in reduction of cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase release, and induction of apoptosis or death on Sertoli cells. TiO2 NPs could migrate to Sertoli cells, which induced mitochondria‐mediated or endoplasmic‐reticulum‐mediated apoptotic changes including elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and reductions in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and releases of cytochrome c into the cytosol. In addition, upregulation of cytochrome c, Bax, caspase‐3, glucose‐regulated protein 78, and C/EBP homologous protein and caspase‐12 protein expression, and downregulation of bcl‐2 protein expression in primary cultured Sertoli cells induced by TiO2 NPs treatment. All of the results suggested that ROS generation may play a critical role in the initiation of TiO2 NPs‐induced apoptosis by mediation of the disruption of ΔΨm, the cytochrome c release, and further the activation of caspase cascade and unfolded protein response signaling pathway. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 124–135, 2016.
Characterization and selection of PDMS solvents for the absorption and biodegradation of hydrophobic VOCs
Authors: Guillerm Maxime , Couvert Annabelle , Amrane Abdeltif , Dumont Éric , Norrant Edith , Lesage Nicolas , Juery Catherine 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDFour silicone oils (PolyDiMethylSiloxane, PDMS) of different viscosities, namely 5, 20, 50, and 100 mPa s were characterized to select the most suitable polymer for the biological treatment of toluene. The PDMS volatilities and the partition coefficients of toluene between air and PDMS were investigated. Toluene biodegradation tests were also carried out to assess the absence of toxicity of the considered PDMS vis‐a‐vis the microorganisms.RESULTSPDMS 20, 50 and 100 had negligible volatilities at 25 °C and 35 °C, whereas PDMS 5 was volatile even at 25 °C. The results indicate that the amount of VOCs emitted by PDMS increased with the temperature according to a logarithmic law. The partition coefficient of toluene between air and the four PDMS were similar (H = 2.9 Pa m3 mol−1) indicating that the affinity between toluene and PDMS was identical whatever their viscosity. Moreover, biodegradation tests allowed the conclusion that the four PDMS tested are not toxic for microorganisms.CONCLUSIONPDMS 20, 50 and 100 were suitable at 25 °C for the biological treatment of toluene. Since all these PDMS were satisfactory at 25 °C, it could make sense to select the least viscous oil for use in the process, i.e. PDMS 20. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The ultrasonographic evaluation of hemodynamic changes in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy after tarsal tunnel decompression
Authors: Tekin Fatih , Ağladioğlu Kadir , Sürmeli Mehmet , Ceran Candemir , Bektaş Hesna , Falcioğlu Mehmet Çağatay , Yildirim Ismail Okan , Taner Ömer Faruk 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundNerve decompression procedures have shown to have promising roles in patients with diabetic polyneuropathy. It is known that not only nerves but also arteries pass through the same compressed anatomical tunnels. The aim of the study is to reveal whether the surgical decompression procedures have a positive effect on hemodynamic and morphological parameters of the arterial structures passing through these anatomic tunnels.MethodsTwenty‐seven patients who underwent posterior and anterior tarsal tunnel release procedures were retrospectively scanned for preoperative and 3 months postoperative arterial Doppler ultrasound imaging. The preoperative and third month postoperative measurements were compared for flow pattern of artery, flow lumen diameter, pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), and flow volumes by evaluating the hemodynamic and morphological parameters of dorsalis pedis (DPA) and tibialis posterior arteries (TPA).ResultsFor TPA, mean PI values were 5.76 ± 2.78 preoperatively, 7.17 ± 3.08 postoperatively. Mean RI values were 0.94 ± 0.04 preoperatively and 0.89 ± 0.05 postoperatively. For DPA, mean PI values were 5.06 ± 2.14 preoperatively and 6.35 ± 2.31 postoperatively. Mean RI values were 0.93 ± 0.05 preoperatively and 0.86 ± 0.06 postoperatively. When the results are analyzed for both of the arteries, PI values were significantly increased; RI values were significantly decreased when the preoperative measurements were compared with the postoperative measurements (P < 0.05).ConclusionAccording to these results, it can be suggested that the nerve release procedures have a positive effect on the hemodynamic and morphological parameters of the arteries as they pass through the anatomical tunnels as well as its positive effects on the neurological functions of the entrapped nerves. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:457–462, 2015.
Diet‐induced obesity causes insulin resistance in mouse brown adipose tissue
Authors: Roberts‐Toler Carla , O'Neill Brian T. , Cypess Aaron M. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveDiet‐induced obesity (DIO) causes several pathophysiological changes in adipose tissue. Increased inflammation reduces white adipose tissue (WAT) insulin sensitivity and contributes to the development of diabetes. However, little is known about how DIO alters the function of brown adipose tissue (BAT), an organ that consumes calories by β3‐adrenergic receptor (AR)‐mediated thermogenesis and helps regulate energy balance.MethodsTo test the effects of DIO on BAT, we fed 6‐week‐old C57BL/6 mice either a normal chow diet (NCD) or a high‐fat diet (HFD). After 16 additional weeks, we measured body fat, WAT, and BAT mRNA expression, glucose tolerance, and rates of glucose uptake in response to insulin and the β3‐AR agonist mirabegron.ResultsCompared with NCD, HFD increased body fat and impaired glucose tolerance. Both WAT and BAT had higher mRNA levels of markers of inflammation, including TNFα and F4/80. Insulin signaling in BAT and WAT was reduced, with decreased Akt phosphorylation. Diet‐normalized BAT glucose uptake rates were lower in response to mirabegron.ConclusionsThese results support a model in which DIO leads to BAT inflammation and insulin resistance, leading to a broader impairment of BAT function.
Trends in breastfeeding initiation, continuation, and exclusivity by maternal prepregnancy weight: 2004–2011
Authors: Kachoria Rashmi , Moreland Jennifer J. , Cordero Leandro , Oza‐Frank Reena 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo examine trends in breastfeeding initiation, continuation, and exclusivity by prepregnancy weight from 2004 to 2011 and the associations between these outcomes and prepregnancy weight.MethodsData from the 2004 to 2011 Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System, a survey of women with a recent live birth from 34 states and New York City, were used. Trends in breastfeeding initiation, continuation, and exclusivity at 12 weeks postpartum were evaluated by prepregnancy BMI. Logistic regression was used to identify the association between prepregnancy BMI and the breastfeeding outcomes.ResultsAmong 244,196 women, with increasing BMI, a decreasing number of women initiated, continued, and breastfed exclusively. From 2004 to 2011, the rates of breastfeeding initiation increased significantly for women of all weight classes (P < 0.01), and the disparity between normal‐weight women and women with obesity class III narrowed. Among all women, breastfeeding continuation increased significantly for women of almost all weight classes (P < 0.01), although the disparity between normal‐weight women and women with obesity class III worsened. From 2009 to 2011, among all women, exclusive breastfeeding increased significantly among women with normal and overweight BMI (P < 0.01) but decreased among obese class III; the disparity between women with normal and obese class III BMI worsened.ConclusionsOur results highlight the need for more concentrated efforts on breastfeeding continuation and exclusivity, particularly for women with obesity.
Weight loss outcomes in patients with pain
Authors: Masheb Robin M. , Lutes Lesley D. , Kim Hyungjin Myra , Holleman Robert G. , Goodrich David E. , Janney Carol A. , Kirsh Susan , Higgins Diana M. , Richardson Caroline R. , Damschroder Laura J. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo determine whether the presence or severity of pain is predictive of suboptimal weight loss outcomes in behavioral weight management programs.MethodsThis is a secondary data analysis comparing weight loss among participants with overweight/obesity who participated in a 12‐month randomized controlled trial. Of the 481 participants randomized, 394 (81.9%) had available pain data and were categorized by Pain Type (back pain, arthritis pain, both, or neither) and Pain Severity (no pain, moderate pain, or severe pain). Dietary and physical activity outcomes were also explored.ResultsHigh rates of moderate and severe (80.2%), and back and arthritis (72.6%), pain were observed. Linear mixed models showed significant differences in % weight loss among Pain Severity, but not Pain Type, groups. Patients with severe pain lost significantly less weight (−0.1 kg, 95% CI = −1.5, −1.2) compared to those with either moderate or no pain (−1.9 kg, 95% CI = −2.5, −1.3; −2.1 kg, 95% CI = −3.3, −1.0, respectively). Patients with arthritis pain lost a significant amount of weight despite only minor improvements in walking distance.ConclusionsPain severity, but not pain type, is predictive of suboptimal weight loss outcomes.
Circulating persistent organic pollutants and body fat distribution: Evidence from NHANES 1999‐2004
Authors: Zong Geng , Grandjean Philippe , Wu Hongyu , Sun Qi 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the correlations of various circulating persistent organic pollutants (POPs) with fat mass percentages (FM%) of trunk, leg, and whole body measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.MethodsThis study included 2358 adults (≥20 years) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004. Partial Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated, after adjusting for major confounders, including age, smoking status, and history of lactation and parity. Wolfe's method was used to compare correlation coefficients derived from the same participants.ResultsTwelve POPs showed significantly different correlations with fat depots in trunk and leg regions. β‐hexachlorocyclohexane, heptachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin, octachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin, and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)‐126 showed stronger positive correlations with trunk FM% than with leg FM%, whereas PCBs with ≥6 chlorines were more inversely correlated with trunk FM% than leg FM%. Age‐stratified analysis showed stronger inverse correlations between POPs and trunk FM% mainly in participants <40 years, whereas stronger positive correlations between POPs and trunk FM% were observed in older participants.ConclusionsStronger associations between POPs and trunk fat as compared to leg fat possibly indicated a more important role of trunk fat in the pharmacokinetics of POPs, or a stronger effect of POPs, as endocrine disruptors, on trunk fat metabolism.