bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attitudes of Physical Education Teachers towards Their Work as a Precondition of Their Professional Position
Authors: Trinkūnienė Laima 
Published: August 2015

The aim of the present research was to reveal the attitudes of physical education teachers towards their work as a precondition of their professional position.
Independent sample consisted of 324 Lithuanian physical education teachers (183 men and 141 women, or 56.6 per cent and 43.5 percent). Teachers’ attitudes towards their work were revealed using a 14-point scale developed on the basis of V. Gerikienė (2007) questionnaire.
It was established that both male and female teachers did not demonstrate high levels of affective identity (organizational pride where they work, happiness to take a certain position) with their organization. The work of physical education teacher was slightly more interesting to women (p < 0.07). Both men and women did not intend to change profession and go to work abroad. Younger physical education teachers more emotionally identified with their schools and they more supported the idea that work at school should be based on trust and responsibility. Women with a teaching experience of less than 20 years, more than their male colleagues with the same experience, were proud of their schools and paid more attention to their professional development, besides they would much more recommend this profession for their children. Physical education teachers (men and women) had no communication problems with their pupils.
Perfil Epidemiológico dos Casos de Leishmaniose no Município de Itaperuna - RJ: de Janeiro de 2006 a Outubro de 2009
Authors: Oliveira Alair Ignácio , Paula Paula Hocayen 
Published: August 2015

<p>A Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana é uma zoonose que representa um problema de saúde pública. Tal doença é causada por protozoários do gênero <em>Leishmania</em> e<strong><em> </em></strong>transmitida por insetos vetores pertencente a várias espécies de Flebotomíneos. Este trabalho teve objetivo de traçar um perfil epidemiológico da Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana no município de Itaperuna, localizado a noroeste do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Para tanto, foi realizado o levantamento de dados nas principais unidades de saúde do município de janeiro 2006 a outubro 2009. Durante o referido período foram notificados e confirmados 05 casos em 2006 e 04 casos em 2007. No ano de 2008 não houve casos notificados. Os dados analisados até o mês de outubro 2009 revelaram apenas 01 caso notificado. As notificações foram relacionadas principalmente à pacientes de zona rural do município de Itaperuna e adjacentes. A maioria dos casos relatados ocorreu em moradores ou trabalhadores da zona rural. A visita <em>in locu</em> revelou a necessidade de um trabalho preventivo através de campanhas de combate ao inseto vetor.</p>
Retinopathy of Prematurity: Pathogenesis and Current Treatment Options
Authors: Quimson Socorro Kintanar 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative retinal disorder that continues to be the major cause of preventable childhood blindness worldwide.1 Its incidence is inversely proportional to gestational age and birth weight. Approximately 65 percent of neonates with <1,250 g birth weight and 80 percent of those with 1,000 g birth weight will develop some degree of ROP.2 ROP can cause mild retinal disease without major visual defects or can adversely progress to retinal detachment and blindness through aggressive vascular proliferation.3 The purpose of this article is to raise awareness about the history of ROP, pathogenesis, normal retinal vascular development, international classification of ROP, and risk factors. Conventional ROP treatment and the promising antivascular endothelial growth factor monotherapy will also be explored.
Neuro-NICUs: Nurturing the Tiniest of Brains
Authors: Discenza Deborah 
Published: August 2015

AbstractNeuro-NICUs are the latest in NICU programs, with a focus on nurturing tiny brains using the latest in research, technology, and common sense. In this column, we talk with expert Kathi Randall, RN, CNS, NNP, who has helped NICUs incorporate this new program into their units.
Effect of ascorbic acid on storage of Greyhound erythrocytes
Authors: Fontes Jorge A. , Banerjee Uddyalok , Iazbik M. Cristina , Marín Liliana M. , Couto C. Guillermo , Palmer Andre F. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess changes in biochemical and biophysical properties of canine RBCs during cold (1° to 6°C) storage in a licensed RBC additive solution (the RBC preservation solution designated AS-1) supplemented with ascorbic acid.
SAMPLE Blood samples from 7 neutered male Greyhounds; all dogs had negative results when tested for dog erythrocyte antigen 1.1.
PROCEDURES Blood was collected into citrate-phosphate-dextrose and stored in AS-1. Stored RBCs were supplemented with 7.1mM ascorbic acid or with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control samples). Several biochemical and biophysical properties of RBCs were measured, including percentage hemolysis, oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium, and the kinetic rate constants for O2 dissociation, carbon monoxide association, and nitric oxide dioxygenation.
RESULTS Greyhound RBCs stored in AS-1 supplemented with ascorbic acid did not have significantly decreased hemolysis, compared with results for the control samples, during the storage period.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE In this study, ascorbic acid did not reduce hemolysis during storage. Several changes in stored canine RBCs were identified as part of the hypothermic storage lesion.
Assessment of in vitro oxalate degradation by Lactobacillus species cultured from veterinary probiotics
Authors: Cho Jenny G. , Gebhart Connie J. , Furrow Eva , Lulich Jody P. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To culture Lactobacillus spp from veterinary probiotics and measure their in vitro oxalate-degrading capacity.
SAMPLE 2 commercial veterinary probiotics containing Lactobacillus spp.
PROCEDURES Lactobacillus spp were cultured anaerobically on selective deMan, Rogosa, Sharpe agar medium and subcultured for speciation by 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Isolates were inoculated into broth containing sodium oxalate (5 mg/L) and incubated anaerobically for 72 hours. An oxalate-degrading isolate of Lactobacillus acidophilus (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC] 53544) was the positive control sample; sterile broth containing a known quantity of sodium oxalate was the negative control sample. Oxalate concentrations were detected with ion chromatography. Oxalate degradation was assessed with Dunnett tests to detect differences in mean oxalate concentration for each isolate, compared with results for the negative control.
RESULTS Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus zeae (too closely related to differentiate) were isolated from probiotic 1, and L plantarum was isolated from probiotic 2. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene confirmed 100% homology to type species. Lactobacillus acidophilus (ATCC 53544) and L acidophilus from probiotic 1 significantly decreased oxalate concentrations by 85.3 and 161.9 mg/L, respectively. Lactobacillus plantarum from probiotics 1 and 2 significantly increased oxalate concentrations by 56.1 and 36.1 mg/L, respectively. Lactobacillus casei did not alter oxalate concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Lactobacillus acidophilus isolates significantly reduced oxalate concentrations. In vivo studies are needed to determine whether probiotics containing L acidophilus decrease urine oxalate concentrations and reduce risk of urolith recurrence in dogs with a history of calcium oxalate urolithiasis.
Trends in Abundance and the Influence of Bioclimatic Factors on Westslope Cutthroat Trout in Idaho
Authors: Kennedy Patrick , Meyer Kevin A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Westslope cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi is arguably the most widely distributed subspecies of cutthroat trout in western North America, but there has been a general lack of information on the species’ trends in abundance across the landscape. We estimated westslope cutthroat trout population growth rates using 17 data sets (including data from screw traps, daytime snorkeling, and angler creel) averaging 19 y of record that indexed abundance across Idaho. We also examined several bioclimatic indices to help understand what factors might be influencing trout abundance. Lastly, we evaluated observation error in the data sets, which is important because high observation error leads to spuriously inflated error bounds around estimates of population growth rates, reducing the ability to detect changes in population growth. Trend data showed that abundance for westslope cutthroat trout was increasing for 10 data sets, declining for 2 data sets, and stable for 5 data sets (where the confidence intervals spanned zero). Bioclimatic indices generally explained a low amount of variation in westslope cutthroat trout abundance through time, but abundance of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha was significantly related to trend most often; however, the influence of Chinook salmon on westslope cutthroat trout abundance was equally likely to be positive or negative. Most (58%) data sets were estimated to have zero or minimal observation error; high observation error was most prevalent in screw-trap data sets. The results of our study suggest that most westslope cutthroat trout populations in Idaho are currently stable or increasing in abundance, but the factors affecting population trends are poorly understood.
Are We ‘Smarter’ Now? Case Study of Smart School Implementation in a Developing Nation
Authors: S. Abdul Majeed Zaenab , Yusoff Zailin Shah 
Published: August 2015

<p>This study was aimed at investigating ICT adoption at a Smart School in Malaysia. A questionnaire gathering data on the tools and applications used by teachers as well factors affecting teachers’ adoption of ICT in teaching was administered to 73 teachers and one administrator while 10 teachers and the administrator were interviewed to gain a deeper understanding of the reasons for the responses given in the questionnaire. Frequencies and percentages were calculated while emerging themes from the interviews were recorded for analysis. The results revealed that the participants were at the Utilisation level of ICT adoption even though most of them have positive attitudes toward ICT adoption which means that they were willing to use ICT, specifically computers, in the classroom. The participants used ICT tools to prepare exam materials, content, worksheets and handouts for their teaching. However, the factors that influenced participants’ ICT adoption were: one, using ICT in teaching took up too much time, two, the school management did not provide enough ICT facilities and training to improve ICT skills was needed and three, even though the school management supported ICT adoption they did not put it as a priority. In conclusion, the findings indicated that the participants were positive about the adoption but several factors are barriers which could have affected their progress from lower level to a higher level adoption. Recommendations include allocation of time to prepare ICT resources and lesson, further training for teachers and increase in the number of computers at the school. </p>
Tolerability of Low-Dose Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim for Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia Prophylaxis in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Zmarlicka Monika , Martin Spencer T. , Cardwell Sophia M. , Nailor Michael D. 
Published: August 2015

Background— Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic infection seen in immunosuppressed patients, including solid-organ transplant recipients. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMX/TMP) has long been considered first-line therapy for PCP prophylaxis. Optimal dosing regimens in solid-organ transplant recipients have not been fully defined. Objective— To examine the tolerability of a 1-year, 3-times weekly, prophylactic regimen of a single-strength SMX/TMP tablet. Study Design— Single-center, retrospective cohort study. Setting— A tertiary-care medical center, including inpatient hospitalizations and outpatient transplant clinic visits. Patients— Adult patients who received a kidney transplant between December 1, 2010, and November 30, 2012, at Hartford Hospital. Patients receiving a concurrent extrarenal transplant were excluded. Patients' charts were reviewed for up to 1 year after transplant. Results— A total of 88 patients were included in the analysis. Sixty-seven patients finished a full year of SMX/TMP after transplant, 10 patients discontinued SMX/TMP less than 1 year after transplant, and 11 patients started taking atovaquone instead of SMX/TMP after transplant. Documented reasons for discontinuation included hyperkalemia, leukopenia, diarrhea, and simplification of medication regimen. Patients without a documented reason for discontinuation did not have any obvious anomalies in laboratory values that would account for the discontinuation. Patients who received atovaquone for PCP prophylaxis had higher rates of recurrent urinary tract infections than did patients who received SMX/TMP for prophylaxis (33% vs 7%, P = .02). A longer postoperative stay (median [interquartile range, IQR] 13 [8.25–26] days vs 7 [6-9.5] days, P = .02), higher rates of delayed graft function (50% vs 10%, P = .004), as well as higher serum creatinine levels on postoperative day 7 (6.25 [2.4–10.1] mg/dL vs 1.8 [1.2–4.2] mg/dL, P = .01), postoperative month 1 (1.9 [0.8] mg/dL vs 1.4 [0.5] mg/dL, P = .002), and postoperative month 12 (1.6 [0.5] mg/dL vs 1.3 [0.3] mg/dL, P = .04) were associated with early SMX/TMP discontinuation. Conclusion— A low-dose prophylactic SMX/TMP regimen of 1 single-strength tablet 3 times weekly is well tolerated. Discontinuation rates were lower than other rates reported for higher-dose regimens.
Burnout in Transplant Nurses
Authors: Jesse Michelle T. , Abouljoud Marwan S. , Hogan Kathy , Eshelman Anne 
Published: August 2015

Context— Burnout is a response to chronic strain within the workplace and is common across nursing professions. Little has been published about burnout in organ transplant nurses. Objective— To report the prevalence of the 3 main components of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment) in organ transplant nurses and to examine factors that contribute to the development of burnout in transplant nurses. Design— Cross-sectional survey of transplant nurses (recruited via listservs) on professional and personal demographics, decisional authority, psychological job demands, supervisor and coworker support, frequency and comfort with difficult patient interactions, and burnout. Participants— 369 transplant nurses. Results— About half reported high levels of emotional exhaustion, 15.7% reported high levels of depersonalization, and 51.8% reported low levels of personal accomplishment. Working more hours per week, lower decisional authority, greater psychological job demands, lower perceived supervisor support, and greater frequency and discomfort with difficult patient interactions were significant predictors of emotional exhaustion. Greater frequency and discomfort with difficult patient interactions were significant predictors of depersonalization. Younger age, lower decisional authority, and greater discomfort with difficult patient interactions were predictors of low personal accomplishment. Conclusions— The study provides strong evidence of the presence of burnout in transplant nurses and opportunities for focused and potentially very effective interventions aimed at reducing burnout.
Can Transition to Adult Care for Transplant Recipients Be Improved by Intensified Services While Patients are Still in Pediatrics?
Authors: Annunziato Rachel A. , Parbhakar Meera , Kapoor Kathryn , Matloff Robyn , Casey Nicole , Benchimol Corinne , Hotchkiss Hilary , Nair Vinay , Saland Jeffrey 
Published: August 2015

Context— Transferring out of pediatrics is a vulnerable time for transplant recipients. Use of a transition coordinator before and after transfer improves outcomes, although it is unclear whether placing a transition coordinator in pediatrics alone is beneficial. Objective— To determine if incorporating a transition coordinator in pediatrics only is associated with stable outcomes for kidney transplant recipients. Design— A retrospective chart review was conducted on outcomes for kidney transplant recipients who shifted service location between 2008 and 2012. Setting— A pediatric and adult transplant unit. Patients— Twenty-two patients transferred during the study period. Intervention— Twelve patients received more intensified preparation from the team's social worker, whose role was aligned with a transition coordinator position; 10 patients received standard care. Main Outcome Measures— The primary outcome was medication adherence, using a validated measure, standard deviations of tacrolimus blood levels. A standard deviation greater than 2.5 has been established as a threshold associated with poor outcomes such as rejection. Standard deviation of tacrolimus levels was compared for 1 year before and 1 year after transfer. Results— Medication adherence worsened from 1 year before (2.03 [SD, 0.75]) to 1 year after transfer (2.95 [SD, 1.38]; t = −3.07, P = .007). A repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated that this pattern was the same for patients who did and patients who did not receive intensified services in pediatrics ( F1,16 = 1.07, P = .32).
Self-Reports on Symptoms of Alcohol Abuse: Liver Transplant Patients versus Rehabilitation Therapy Patients
Authors: Schieber Katharina , Lindner Marion , Sowa Jan-Peter , Gerken Guido , Scherbaum Norbert , Kahraman Alisan , Canbay Ali , Erim Yesim 
Published: August 2015

Context— Self-report measures often underestimate the severity of symptoms of alcohol abuse. It is generally supposed that patients who abuse alcohol tend to minimize their drinking behavior. However, the validity of self-reports also can be influenced by external factors such as the setting. Objective— To investigate how the setting influences self-reporting on symptoms of alcohol abuse in patients with alcoholic liver disease. Design, Setting and Participants— Cross-sectional study in patients before liver transplant (n = 40) and patients in rehabilitation therapy (n = 44). Main Outcome Measure— Scores on the Munich Alcoholism Test, which consists of a self-report-scale and an expert-rating scale. Results— The discrepancy in scores on the self-report scale and the expert-rating scale differed significantly between patients before liver transplant and patients in rehabilitation therapy. Furthermore, patients in the rehabilitation therapy group reported higher alcoholism scores on the self-report questionnaire than did patients before liver transplant, but the groups did not differ in the expert evaluation value. Conclusion— The transplant setting seems to evoke minimizing in self-reports in patients with alcohol abuse. Minimizing or denying symptoms of alcohol abuse does not seem to be a specific characteristic of persons with alcohol abuse, as it is also caused by the circumstances. In the transplant setting, more attention should be given to the psychologically difficult situation for patients with potential alcohol abuse. Implementation of psychoeducational interventions in the treatment process before transplant could be a first step toward reaching this goal.
Racial Disparity Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy: Is Baseline Kidney Function a Potential Explanation?
Authors: Palanisamy Arun P. , Dowden Jacob E. , Manasra Abdel Rahman Al , Rohan Vinayak S. , Bratton Charles F. , McGillicuddy John W. , Baliga Prabakar K. , Chavin Kenneth D. , Taber David J. 
Published: August 2015

Background— Reasons underlying disparities in outcomes in liver resections between patients who are African American and patients who are not are poorly understood. Methods— An observational longitudinal cohort study was performed. Clinical data were collected from medical records of 166 patients (59 African American, 107 not) undergoing partial hepatectomy between 2004 and 2012. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results— African Americans patients undergoing partial hepatectomy were more likely to be female, heavier, have hemangiomas or adenomas, and have hepatic steatosis on explant. Intraoperatively, African Americans had longer surgical times, higher estimated blood loss, and greater use of blood products. Major postoperative complications were significantly more common in African Americans. Multivariable modeling demonstrated that race, history of hepatitis C, and estimated blood loss were the only variables that were independently associated with a major complication; however, baseline serum creatinine level was the only variable that significantly modified the effect of race on complications. Conclusions— African Americans with normal serum creatinine levels had a similar rate of complication to patients who were not African American, but as the baseline serum level of creatinine increased, the odds ratio for a complication developing increased dramatically in the African American patients, suggesting that the disparities seen are predominantly driven by a subset of African American patients who have preexisting renal insufficiency.
Update on Liver Transplants in Lebanon
Authors: Faraj Walid , Haydar Ali , Nounou Ghina El , Naaj Abdallah Abou El , Khoury Ghattas , Jabbour Samar , Khalife Mohamed 
Published: August 2015

Objective— To review all liver transplants performed at the American University of Beirut Medical Center from 1998 to present. Materials and Methods— From 1998 to present, 21 liver transplants (15 into adults and 6 into children) were performed at the American University of Beirut Medical Center. Of the 21 transplants, 5 were living related liver transplants. Results— Patient survival was 76% at 1, 5, and 10 years. Five recipients died at a median of 9 (range, 1–56) days after transplant. Causes of death included 1 case of severe cellular rejection, 1 case of portal and hepatic artery thrombosis, 1 case of intraoperative cardiac arrest, and 2 cases of primary nonfunction. Two biliary complications and 2 major vascular complications also occurred. All 16 survivors are well, with normal findings on liver function tests at a median follow-up time of 93 (range, 10–185) months after transplant. Conclusions— Although our numbers are small, the 10-year survival rate is comparable to reported rates for other series around the world. Deceased organ donations must be encouraged so that we can perform more transplants. As a source of organs, living related liver transplant is important; however, it cannot replace deceased donation.