bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic emissions during ice nucleation and propagation in plant xylem
Authors: Charrier Guillaume , Pramsohler Manuel , Charra‐Vaskou Katline , Saudreau Marc , Améglio Thierry , Neuner Gilbert , Mayr Stefan 
Published: March 2015

Summary

Ultrasonic acoustic emission analysis enables nondestructive monitoring of damage in dehydrating or freezing plant xylem.

We studied acoustic emissions (AE) in freezing stems during ice nucleation and propagation, by combining acoustic and infrared thermography techniques and controlling the ice nucleation point.

Ultrasonic activity in freezing samples of Picea abies showed two distinct phases: the first on ice nucleation and propagation (up to 50 AE s−1; reversely proportional to the distance to ice nucleation point), and the second (up to 2.5 AE s−1) after dissipation of the exothermal heat. Identical patterns were observed in other conifer and angiosperm species.

The complex AE patterns are explained by the low water potential of ice at the ice–liquid interface, which induced numerous and strong signals. Ice propagation velocities were estimated via AE (during the first phase) and infrared thermography. Acoustic activity ceased before the second phase probably because the exothermal heating and the volume expansion of ice caused decreasing tensions. Results indicate cavitation events at the ice front leading to AE. Ultrasonic emission analysis enabled new insights into the complex process of xylem freezing and might be used to monitor ice propagation in natura.
Electricity consumption and economic growth in OPEC countries: a cointegrated panel analysis
Authors: Abdoli Ghahreman , Gudarzi Farahani Yazdan , Dastan Seyedmasood 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper uses empirical evidence to examine the causality relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in OPEC countries by using annual data (1980–2011); this paper also utilises the panel cointegration and panel‐based error correction approach models and framework. To the best of the authors' knowledge, most of the studies in this field have applied the error correction models, auto regressive distributed lag and panel data based on fixed‐effect model in which coefficients obtained by these models cannot be deemed as a general finding applicable for other countries. The superiority of our article is in applying full modified ordinary least square estimation method for heterogeneous panels; our study also has stable and consistent coefficients and is also a dynamic model. Moreover, with regard to previous studies, our paper includes more countries which increase the reliability of the results. The results indicate that a long‐run relationship exists between real gross domestic product (GDP), electricity consumption and trade activities that involve export and import (control variable). The short‐run results also indicate the importance of electricity consumption to economic growth and vice versa, supporting the feedback hypothesis which asserts that energy policies oriented towards improvements in electricity consumption efficiency would not adversely affect real GDP. It also apears that policies for energy efficiency have no statistically significant impact on economic growth in long run.
Anticoagulation after Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Guided by Implantable Cardiac Monitors
Authors: ZUERN CHRISTINE S. , KILIAS ANTONIOS , BERLITZ PATRICK , SEIZER PETER , GRAMLICH MICHAEL , MÜLLER KARIN , DUCKHEIM MARTIN , GAWAZ MEINRAD , SCHREIECK JÜRGEN 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundDiscontinuation of oral anticoagulation (OAC) after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is not recommended in patients with elevated CHADS2 scores. However, a low incidence of thromboembolic events is reported when OAC is stopped in these patients. We introduce an algorithm for discontinuation of OAC after ablation based on the AF burden documented by implantable cardiac monitors (ICM).MethodsSixty‐five patients with CHADS2 scores 1–3 free from AF 3 months after ablation (AF ablation [n = 49] or ablation of possible AF triggers [n = 16]) were included. One day after implantation of the ICM, OAC was stopped. Patients performed a daily interrogation of the ICM which was programmed to alarm the patient if daily AF burden exceeded 1 hour. Study end point was the first recurrence of a daily AF burden ≥1 hour or a thromboembolic event, which both triggered reinitiation of OAC.ResultsDuring a follow‐up time of 32 ± 12 months (126 patient‐years), 41 of the 65 patients (63%) had an AF burden <1 h/day and were able to stay off OAC. Twenty‐one patients (32%) had to reinitiate OAC due to an AF burden ≥1 hour and three patients due to other reasons. No stroke, transitory ischemic attack, or other thromboembolic event was observed during follow‐up.ConclusionsRhythm monitoring by ICM in patients who have stopped OAC after catheter ablation of AF or ablation of possible AF triggers seems to be a safe and promising method to monitor for AF recurrence. Within 1.3 years after ablation, about two‐thirds of patients were able to stay off OAC.
Plasma concentrations of levobupivacaine associated with two different intermittent wound infusion regimens following surgical ductus ligation in preterm infants
Authors: Anell‐Olofsson Marie , Lönnqvist Per‐Arne , Bitkover Catarina , Lundeberg Stefan , Larsson Björn A. , Eksborg Staffan , Bartocci Marco 
Published: March 2015

SummaryBackgroundAdministration of local anesthetics by a surgically placed wound catheter has recently been shown to reduce the need for postoperative morphine administration in extremely preterm infants undergoing ductus ligation. The primary aim of this randomized safety study was to define the plasma levels of levobupivacaine (LB) following two different intermittent infusion regimens.MethodsEighteen preterm infants 23–27 gestational weeks, median birthweight 721 g scheduled for ductus ligation were included in the study. All patients were anesthetized according to a standardized protocol based on high‐dose fentanyl (25–50 μg·kg−1). Before skin closure, a subcutaneous catheter was inserted into the wound. The patients were randomized to receive one of the two intermittent infusion regimens: Group BII: Initial bolus plus early start of the intermittent infusion or Group DII: No bolus plus delayed start (8 h) of the intermittent infusion. Blood samples for determination of LB plasma concentrations were obtained on six occasions during the 24‐h postoperative observation period, as well as hourly postoperative pain assessments using the Echelle Douleur Inconfort Noveau (EDIN) pain scale.ResultsPlasma concentrations of LB ranged from 0.094 to 1.682 μg·ml−1 and 0 to 0.549 μg·ml−1 in group BII and DII, respectively. Both regimens were associated with low postoperative EDIN pain scores (24 h median of 0 and 1 in group BII and DII, respectively). No signs of systemic local anesthetic toxicity were noted.ConclusionsThe two studied intermittent infusion regimens were associated with plasma levels below potentially toxic levels and were both associated with adequate postoperative pain scores.
Metabolic engineering of oilseed crops to produce high levels of novel acetyl glyceride oils with reduced viscosity, freezing point and calorific value
Authors: Liu Jinjie , Rice Adam , McGlew Kathleen , Shaw Vincent , Park Hyunwoo , Clemente Tom , Pollard Mike , Ohlrogge John , Durrett Timothy P. 
Published: March 2015

SummarySeed oils have proved recalcitrant to modification for the production of industrially useful lipids. Here, we demonstrate the successful metabolic engineering and subsequent field production of an oilseed crop with the highest accumulation of unusual oil achieved so far in transgenic plants. Previously, expression of the Euonymus alatus diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT) gene in wild‐type Arabidopsis seeds resulted in the accumulation of 45 mol% of unusual 3‐acetyl‐1,2‐diacyl‐sn‐glycerols (acetyl‐TAGs) in the seed oil (Durrett et al., 2010 PNAS 107:9464). Expression of EaDAcT in dgat1 mutants compromised in their ability to synthesize regular triacylglycerols increased acetyl‐TAGs to 65 mol%. Camelina and soybean transformed with the EaDAcT gene accumulate acetyl‐triacylglycerols (acetyl‐TAGs) at up to 70 mol% of seed oil. A similar strategy of coexpression of EaDAcT together with RNAi suppression of DGAT1 increased acetyl‐TAG levels to up to 85 mol% in field‐grown transgenic Camelina. Additionally, total moles of triacylglycerol (TAG) per seed increased 20%. Analysis of the acetyl‐TAG fraction revealed a twofold reduction in very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA), consistent with their displacement from the sn‐3 position by acetate. Seed germination remained high, and seedlings were able to metabolize the stored acetyl‐TAGs as rapidly as regular triacylglycerols. Viscosity, freezing point and caloric content of the Camelina acetyl‐TAG oils were reduced, enabling use of this oil in several nonfood and food applications.
Tetrapyrrole‐based drought stress signalling
Authors: Nagahatenna Dilrukshi S. K. , Langridge Peter , Whitford Ryan 
Published: March 2015

SummaryTetrapyrroles such as chlorophyll and heme play a vital role in primary plant metabolic processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. Over the past decades, extensive genetic and molecular analyses have provided valuable insights into the complex regulatory network of the tetrapyrrole biosynthesis. However, tetrapyrroles are also implicated in abiotic stress tolerance, although the mechanisms are largely unknown. With recent reports demonstrating that modified tetrapyrrole biosynthesis in plants confers wilting avoidance, a component physiological trait to drought tolerance, it is now timely that this pathway be reviewed in the context of drought stress signalling. In this review, the significance of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis under drought stress is addressed, with particular emphasis on the inter‐relationships with major stress signalling cascades driven by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and organellar retrograde signalling. We propose that unlike the chlorophyll branch, the heme branch of the pathway plays a key role in mediating intracellular drought stress signalling and stimulating ROS detoxification under drought stress. Determining how the tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway is involved in stress signalling provides an opportunity to identify gene targets for engineering drought‐tolerant crops.
A Plantingian Pickle for a Darwinian Dilemma: Evolutionary Arguments Against Atheism and Normative Realism
Authors: Crow Daniel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTwo of the most prominent evolutionary debunking arguments are Sharon Street's Darwinian Dilemma for Normative Realism and Alvin Plantinga's Evolutionary Argument against Atheism. In the former, Street appeals to evolutionary considerations to debunk normative realism. In the latter, Plantinga appeals to similar considerations to debunk atheism. By a careful comparison of these two arguments, I develop a new strategy to help normative realists resist Street's debunking attempt. In her Darwinian Dilemma, Street makes epistemological commitments that ultimately support Plantinga's structurally similar argument. If Street succeeds in debunking normative realism, I argue, then she also succeeds in debunking atheism. But atheism is a suppressed premise of the Darwinian Dilemma as well as a commitment of almost all normative anti‐realists. If Street's argument entails theism, then the Darwinian Dilemma is internally incoherent and should be abandoned by almost everyone.
Cancer survivors’ experiences of humour while navigating through challenging landscapes – a socio‐narrative approach
Authors: Roaldsen Bente Lisbet , Sørlie Tore , Lorem Geir F. 
Published: March 2015

AimHumour is seen as a health‐promoting coping strategy when dealing with life stress. The aim is to elucidate how adult cancer survivors experience and evaluate the significance of humour in daily life, from diagnosis through their entire illness trajectory, and to gain a broader understanding of humour as part of stress‐coping processes during the experience of cancer as a life‐threatening illness.MethodA socio‐narrative approach was chosen to study the humorous stories and their use in everyday contexts. Fourteen participants aged 23–83 with a variety of experiences across diagnoses, times since diagnosis, prognoses and life situations were interviewed.FindingsParticipants described humour as helpful and utilised its capacity to deal with difficult situations or related distress, although fluctuations in the course of the illness coincided with two extremes: humour that disappeared and humour that returned. Their use of humour was related to three key themes: facing a life‐threatening situation, togetherness and communication, and living with the situation.ConclusionDepending on the aim, humour contributes variously through the stress‐coping process within the distinctions of emotion‐, problem‐ and meaning‐focused coping. Humour served to relieve the anxiety burden, enhance problem‐solving ability, safeguard important relationships, communicate difficult topics, regain identity and help significant others to cope, even enabling the richness of life to help living with the risk. Humour should be considered as a significant engaging coping strategy by which the cancer survivors seek to manage their situation throughout the illness trajectory.
Nutritional status of care‐dependent people with dementia in shared‐housing arrangements – a one‐year follow‐up
Authors: Meyer Saskia , Gräske Johannes , Worch Andreas , Wolf‐Ostermann Karin 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundMalnutrition in the elderly is an important nursing challenge. Persons with dementia disease are often affected by malnutrition. During recent years, shared‐housing arrangements (SHA) for older care‐dependent people, frequently with dementia disease, have evolved in Germany. SHA can be an alternative to traditional residential care in nursing homes. The prevalence of malnutrition in SHA is compared to the prevalence in community dwellings and lower than the prevalence of malnutrition in nursing homes. There are no scientific data about the development of the nutritional status of older care‐dependent people in SHA over one year. The aim of this study is to describe the nutritional status of care‐dependent people with dementia disease living in SHA and to investigate changes over a period of one year.MethodA longitudinal study with a one‐year follow‐up was performed. Standardised interviews with nurses were conducted concerning nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment – MNA), cognitive capacities (Mini Mental State Examination – MMSE), activities of daily living (Extended Barthel‐Index – EBI) and socio‐demographic characteristics. Nutritional data were available for 45 residents at baseline and 36 residents at follow‐up.ResultsAt baseline, 45 residents with an average age of 78.4 years living in SHA in the state of Berlin, Germany, were included in the study. Predominantly, residents were female (73.3%) and diagnosed with dementia (88.9%), with a moderate to severe cognitive impairment (MMSE: 10.8) and low daily living abilities (EBI: 33.7). Most residents (80.6%) have a risk of malnutrition regarding the MNA. The average MNA score did decline slightly within one year (t0 = 20.8 vs. t1 = 19.7).ConclusionRegular screenings for malnutrition using validated standardised assessments, which are easy to apply, should be implemented in SHA to avoid nutritional and health‐related problems arising from malnutrition. Flexible structures for care, as in SHA, can facilitate coping with nutritional problems.
Delivering Home Hemodialysis: Is There Still a Role for Real‐Time Treatment Monitoring?
Authors: Marshall Mark R. , Pierratos Andreas , Pauly Robert P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRemote real‐time treatment monitoring for home hemodialysis (HHD) was driven by concerns over patient safety in the early era of HHD. However, decades of clinical experience supported by objective data suggest that HHD is very safe and that remote monitoring is unlikely to avert serious adverse events. As a result, such remote monitoring is not routinely offered in the current era and is generally considered an unnecessary expense. However, a one‐size‐fits‐all approach to abandon remote monitoring may overlook potential opportunities: to improve the clinical care of patients dialyzing at home; and to give patients the confidence to perform HHD in an unsupervised setting.
Children's Interpretations of Ambiguous Provocation From Their Siblings: Comparisons With Peers and Links to Relationship Quality
Authors: Recchia Holly E. , Rajput Amandeep , Peccia Stephanie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study investigated how six‐ to eight‐year‐old children interpret ambiguous provocation from their siblings. In particular, we examined how children's attributions of their siblings' intent (1) differed from those for their peers, (2) varied as a function of the structural features of the sibling relationship, and (3) were associated with the affective qualities of the sibling relationship. A total of 121 children were presented with ambiguous provocation scenarios in which three groups of agemates were described as the perpetrators of harm (siblings, friends, and disliked peers). Scenarios were designed to assess children's attributions of hostile, instrumental, and accidental intent. Children attributed more hostile intent to disliked peers than to siblings and less hostile intent to friends than to siblings. Accidental and instrumental intent attributions were equally likely for friends and siblings but less common for disliked peers. Children attributed more hostile intent to older siblings, and more instrumental intent to laterborn siblings who were chronologically younger. Children's attributions of siblings' intent were related to both parents' and children's reports of the affective features of siblings' interactions. Results provide new insight into how children's construals of others' actions are grounded in the unique features of their relationships with particular interaction partners.
In vivo evaluation of the dentate gate theory in epilepsy
Authors: Krook‐Magnuson Esther , Armstrong Caren , Bui Anh , Lew Sean , Oijala Mikko , Soltesz Ivan 
Published: March 2015

Key points
A key mechanistic concept in epilepsy is the dentate gate hypothesis, which argues that the dentate gyrus protects hippocampal circuits from overexcitation and that a breakdown of this gate leads to epilepsy.
Direct in vivo evidence for the dentate gate hypothesis is lacking and it is therefore unclear whether interventions selectively targeting the dentate gyrus would inhibit seizures.
We demonstrate that on‐demand optogenetic restoration of the dentate gate through selective inhibition of granule cells is sufficient to inhibit spontaneous seizures in a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy.
By contrast, activation of granule cells worsens spontaneous seizures and can even induce acute seizures in non‐epileptic animals.
These data provide direct evidence for the dentate gate hypothesis, indicate that the dentate gyrus is indeed a critical node in temporal lobe seizure circuitry, and illustrate that the dentate gyrus can be an effective target for seizure inhibition.
AbstractThe dentate gyrus is a region subject to intense study in epilepsy because of its posited role as a ‘gate’, acting to inhibit overexcitation in the hippocampal circuitry through its unique synaptic, cellular and network properties that result in relatively low excitability. Numerous changes predicted to produce dentate hyperexcitability are seen in epileptic patients and animal models. However, recent findings question whether changes are causative or reactive, as well as the pathophysiological relevance of the dentate in epilepsy. Critically, direct in vivo modulation of dentate ‘gate’ function during spontaneous seizure activity has not been explored. Therefore, using a mouse model of temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis, a closed‐loop system and selective optogenetic manipulation of granule cells during seizures, we directly tested the dentate ‘gate’ hypothesis in vivo. Consistent with the dentate gate theory, optogenetic gate restoration through granule cell hyperpolarization efficiently stopped spontaneous seizures. By contrast, optogenetic activation of granule cells exacerbated spontaneous seizures. Furthermore, activating granule cells in non‐epileptic animals evoked acute seizures of increasing severity. These data indicate that the dentate gyrus is a critical node in the temporal lobe seizure network, and provide the first in vivo support for the dentate ‘gate’ hypothesis.
Compressor Cleaning Effectiveness for Marine Gas Turbines
Authors: Abdelrazik A. , Cheney P. 
Published: March 2015

In two decades of operating gas turbines at sea, the Canadian Navy has gained much experience of compressor fouling and cleaning. Methods of combatting the problems encountered have encouraged investigations aimed at understanding the process of compressor contamination and into the effectiveness of various cleaning methods. These investigations have been undertaken at the Navy’s land based test facility using data from the fleet, engines returned from service and facility equipment.
This paper reports the findings of the investigations and includes the current recommendations for washing procedures in the installations of the Canadian Navy. The direction of future work aimed at providing further improvements in contaminant removal is included.
Developments in Magnesium Based Materials and Processes
Authors: Lyon P. , King J. F. , Fowler G. A. 
Published: March 2015

Recent developments in Magnesium alloys, processing techniques and corrosion protection schemes are reviewed.
The casting alloy WE43 is detailed, data being presented which shows that it compares favourably with Aluminium based casting alloys on a strength to weight basis. In addition its intrinsic corrosion characteristics are shown to be similar to those of Aluminium base alloys.
A counter - gravity casting process, specifically designed to make higher quality, thin-walled Magnesium alloy components is described together with property data indicating the improvements obtained.
Also discussed are the ongoing developments in Metal Matrix Composites and Rapid Solidification technologies, showing the benefits offered by these processing routes.
Finally current corrosion protection schemes are reviewed and their overall cost effectiveness discussed.
Surge Dynamics in a Free-Spool Centrifugal Compressor System
Authors: Fink D. A. , Cumpsty N. A. , Greitzer E. M. 
Published: March 2015

Turbocharger surge has been investigated in a radial impeller-vaneless diffuser free-spool system. Several different aspects are addressed. First, two very different compression systems, one with a large downstream volume and one with the smallest possible downstream volume, are employed to examine stall initiation phenomena as well as the behavior of the compressor characteristics when operating in surge. The measurements show impeller stall at the inducer tips to be a key phenomena in initiating surge. The inducer stall is stationary and asymmetric, due to the presence of the volute, and is most severe near the volute tongue angular position. The compressor characteristic in the large volume system (which gave surge) is observed to be flatter and to lag that in the stabilized small volume system. The difference arises because of the slow development time and differing circumferential extent of the inducer stall present at a given mass flow.
A nonlinear simulation of the system is also presented. The model deviates from previous treatments of unsteady flow in compressor systems in that the assumption of constant rotor speed is relaxed. Including a time lag on the order of the compressor throughflow time, together with proper treatment of speed variations, is shown to dramatically improve agreement with the observed surge behavior.