bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patron's Review - The role of the moving image in natural history
Authors: Henley Joanna 
Published: April 2013

Images of natural history are moving, in that they have the capacity to affect our emotions. It is this emotive capacity of images of the natural world, and their power to change perceptions and behaviour, that is the main focus of this article. It is suggested that images of natural history permit the creation of narratives, anthropomorphic reflection and knowledge transfer within the realms of audience experience and may potentially lead to aesthetic and emotional attachments. Critical reflections of the history of the moving image are presented, featuring pioneering technological advancements as well as pioneering people. Instances whereby our knowledge of the natural world has been significantly advanced are described. In a contemporary context, the role of new languages of the moving image is discussed, including interpretation and interactive forms of communication, with particular reference to engaging new audiences and changing behaviours towards the natural world. A critique is offered regarding the unpredictable and unquantifiable impact of visual narratives as well as the often false perceptions they can create. However, it is suggested that within the contexts of natural history and environmental conservation, the artistic growth of the moving image disciplines requires an innovative and transformative approach to create meaningful visual experiences for new audiences.
The host bias of three epiphytic Aeridinae orchid species is reflected, but not explained, by mycorrhizal fungal associations
Authors: Gowland Kelli M. , van der Merwe Marlien M. , Linde Celeste C. , Clements Mark A. , Nicotra Adrienne B. 
Published: April 2013

• Premise of the study: The three co‐occurring epiphytic orchid species, Sarcochilus hillii, Plectorrhiza tridentata, and Sarcochilus parviflorus vary in host specificity; all are found predominantly on the tree Backhousia myrtifolia but some also associate with a broad range of species. Despite this specialization, no fitness advantage has been detected for adult orchid plants growing on the preferred host. Therefore, we predicted that the host specialization of these orchid species is a consequence of a bias toward particular orchid mycorrhizal fungi, which are in turn biased toward particular woody plant species.• Methods: To test this hypothesis, we sampled representatives of each orchid species on B. myrtifolia and other host species across sites. Rhizoctonia‐like fungi were isolated from orchid roots and identified using molecular markers.• Key results: Three groups of fungi were identified, and the orchid species varied in their specificity for these. All fungal groups were found on the host B. myrtifolia; yet at all sites, only one orchid species, S. hillii, associated with all three groups.• Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that these orchid species did vary in their mycorrhizal specificity; however, the distribution of their mycorrhizal associates did not directly explain their host associations. Rather, we propose that the mycorrhizal relationship of these orchid species is complex and have suggested future avenues of research.
Trends in Serious Infections in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ni Mhuircheartaigh Orla M. , Matteson Eric L. , Green Abigail B. , Crowson Cynthia S. 
Published: April 2013

Objective.To examine trends in the rates of serious infections among patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 1995–2007 compared to rates previously reported from the same geographical area diagnosed 1955–1994.Methods.A population-based inception cohort of patients with RA in 1995–2007 was assembled and followed through their complete medical records until death, migration, or December 31, 2008. All serious infections (requiring hospitalization or intravenous antibiotics) were recorded. Person-year (py) methods were used to compare rates of infection.Results.Among 464 patients with incident RA in 1995–2007, 54 had ≥ 1 serious infection (178 total). These were compared to 609 patients with incident RA in 1955–1994 (290 experienced ≥ 1 serious infection; 740 total). The rate of serious infections declined from 9.6 per 100 py in the 1955–1994 cohort to 6.6 per 100 py in the 1995–2007 cohort. Serious gastrointestinal (GI) infection rates increased from 0.5 per 100 py in the 1955–1994 cohort to 1.25 per 100 py in the 1995–2007 cohort. Among patients with a history of serious infection, the rate of subsequent infection increased from 16.5 per 100 py in 1955–1994 to 37.4 per 100 py in 1995–2007. There was an increase in the rate of serious infections in patients who received biologic agents, but this did not reach significance.Conclusion.Aside from GI infections, the rate of serious infections in patients with RA has declined in recent years. However, the rate of subsequent infections was higher in recent years than previously reported.
Statin Use in Giant Cell Arteritis: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Schmidt Jean , Kermani Tanaz A. , Muratore Francesco , Crowson Cynthia S. , Matteson Eric L. , Warrington Kenneth J. 
Published: April 2013

Objective.(1) To examine the association between statin use and giant cell arteritis (GCA); (2) to compare the clinical features and disease course of GCA among statin users and nonusers.Methods.For this retrospective study, we reviewed the medical records of all patients with biopsy-positive GCA diagnosed between 1998 and 2008. Using a case-control design, we compared the frequency of statin use in GCA patients to non-GCA population-based subjects who were randomly selected and individually matched by sex, age, and calendar year to the GCA cases. Statin use at diagnosis or index date and during followup was abstracted. In subjects with GCA, clinical information at diagnosis and followup was collected.Results.We included 594 patients, 297 with GCA (73% female), mean age at diagnosis 75 years. The rate of statin exposure at index date was 18.1% for GCA patients versus 33.3% for controls (p < 0.001). Patients using statins were less likely to develop GCA compared with patients not using statins (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.15–0.6, p < 0.001), even after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Among patients with GCA, the presenting clinical features and acute-phase reactants were similar in patients receiving statins compared to those not on statin therapy. These 2 groups were also similar with regard to relapse rate, prednisone tapering, and overall survival.Conclusion.Patients using statins may be less likely to develop GCA compared to patients who are not using statins. Statin use does not appear to modify the clinical presentation or the course of the disease.
Pathogen-specific Risk of Reactive Arthritis from Bacterial Causes of Foodborne Illness
Authors: Porter Chad K. , Choi Daniel , Riddle Mark S. 
Published: April 2013

Objective.Reactive arthritis (ReA) is a sequelae of common bacterial infections of acute gastroenteritis. We assessed incidence of ReA following Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, or Yersinia infection utilizing a US Department of Defense medical database.Methods.Subjects with acute gastroenteritis attributed to these pathogens were matched with ≥ 4 unexposed subjects. Medical history was analyzed for 6 months postinfection to assess for incident ReA.Results.A total of 1753 cases of gastroenteritis were identified. ReA incidence ranged from 0 to 4 per 100,000 person-years.Conclusion.These data are consistent with prior studies and highlight the need for continued primary prevention efforts.
HLA-B27 Predicts a More Chronic Disease Course in an 8-year Followup Cohort of Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Berntson Lillemor , Nordal Ellen , Aalto Kristiina , Peltoniemi Suvi , Herlin Troels , Zak Marek , Nielsen Susan , Rygg Marite ,   for the Nordic Study Group of Paediatric Rheumatology
Published: April 2013

Objective.We investigated associations of HLA-B27 with clinical manifestations and longterm outcome in a near population-based setting among patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods.We studied clinical and serological data from 410 patients with HLA-B27 results among 440 prospectively collected patients with JIA with 8-year followup data in a Nordic database. The study was structured to be as close to a population-based study as possible.Results.HLA-B27 was analyzed in 93% of patients, and was positive in 21% of the cohort, in 18.4% of the girls and in 25.9% of the boys. Boys who were HLA-B27-positive had significantly higher age at onset compared to HLA-B27-negative boys and compared to both HLA-B27-negative and positive girls. This difference in onset age in relation to HLA-B27 was not found in girls. HLA-B27 was associated with clinical signs of sacroiliitis, enthesitis, and tenosynovitis in boys, but not in girls. After 8 years of disease, 46 children (11.2%) were classified as having enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA). Boys with ERA had clinical signs of sacroiliitis more often than girls with ERA. HLA-B27-positive children, as well as children with clinical signs of sacroiliitis, enthesitis, and hip arthritis, had higher odds of not being in remission off medication after 8 years of disease.Conclusion.In this near population-based Nordic JIA cohort we found significant differences between HLA-B27-positive boys and girls in age at disease onset, clinical signs of sacroiliitis, and ERA classification. HLA-B27 was negatively associated with longterm remission status, possibly because of its association with clinical disease characteristics, such as sacroiliitis, rather than being a general marker of persistent disease.
Sur la première carte des flux réalisée avec des flèches (Ravenstein, 1885)
Authors: Bahoken Françoise 
Published: April 2013

La carte intitulée « Currents of migration » réalisée par Ravenstein à l’occasion de la publication des Lois de la migration pour la première fois en 1885, semble être la toute première carte civile des flux qui figure des flèches. Réalisée à partir de données qui portent sur les mobilités britanniques à l’échelle des comtés, la carte est, au premier abord, difficile à interpréter. Au regard de la formalisation de l’approche méthodologique de cartographie des flux que nous proposons, la carte n° 5 de Ravenstein apparaît innovante en de multiples aspects qui tiennent au raisonnement sous-jacent et à la mise en œuvre du procédé de la flèche. Nous faisons alors l’hypothèse que l’approche méthodologique mise en œuvre par l’auteur pour illustrer la première de ses lois sur les migrations (selon laquelle la majeure partie des courants migratoires s’effectue sur de courtes distances et vers des centres économiques d’absorption particuliers) vise à représenter de manière continue un phénomène discret. Si le contexte historique de la réalisation de cette carte est celui de la cartographie statistique discrète, Ravenstein propose, en effet, une figure fondée sur des principes physiques qui font écho à la représentation de la dynamique des mouvements. Pour ce faire, il recourt au procédé de la flèche de manière inédite, contribuant ainsi à renouveler la pratique actuelle de la cartographie des flux.
L’invention du biome Cerrado
Authors: Aubertin Catherine , Pinton Florence 
Published: April 2013

L’enjeu de cet article est de comprendre comment le Cerrado, espace d’abord ignoré, puis voué à l’agriculture intensive, a été au début des années 2000 requalifié en biome, sujet de préoccupations environnementales. Sa propulsion sur la scène internationale lors de la conférence Climat de Copenhague en 2009 a par la suite contribué à transformer cet espace mal défini en un enjeu international du changement climatique et de la lutte contre la déforestation avec l’affirmation de deux mouvements difficiles à concilier : celui d’un agrobusiness converti aux technologies vertes et celui de la défense d’une sociodiversité. La construction du biome est analysée en mettant en perspective l’Amazonie. Les auteurs considèrent en effet que les deux régions sont inextricablement solidaires dans leur destin. Des configurations géopolitiques et scientifiques spécifiques et une temporalité autre dans l’histoire du développement durable permettent de prendre la mesure de ce qui les distingue et les relie. Au moment où il est qualifié de biome remarquable, le Cerrado possède déjà la panoplie des outils scientifiques, législatifs et économiques qui témoignent de l’évolution des regards portés sur la biodiversité.
(In)visibilité des classes pauvres en ville par le prisme des cortiços paulistes au Brésil
Authors: Paris Octavie 
Published: April 2013

En évoquant le thème du logement des classes les plus pauvres du Brésil, l’automatisme est souvent celui de penser à la favela, image urbaine faisant partie du paysage urbain brésilien ancré dans l’imaginaire collectif (ou crée par les médias et les discours politiques notamment). Sans dire que les problématiques liées au thème de la favela aient été épuisées par les recherches en sciences sociales, il apparaît intéressant d’étudier d’autres formes d’habitat populaire se développant dans les grandes villes brésiliennes, parmi elles, le cortiço. Cet article s’appliquera à proposer non pas une définition précise et finie du cortiço, [cela serait bien difficile] mais plutôt une présentation de cet habitat, par l’étude des cortiços d’un quartier du centre de la ville de São Paulo : Bela Vista. Après une mise en contexte de la réalité urbaine du cortiço, il s’agira de souligner en deux temps, son « invisibilité » tant à l’échelle du bâti même, au sens physique donc, de l’inscription dans le paysage urbain de la ville et à moindre échelle du quartier ; mais aussi au sens figuré du terme de par l’organisation même de l’économie d’un cortiço. Sera empruntée, pour ce faire, la notion de « régime de visibilité » à Lévy et Lussault, en soulignant les spécificités de ce mode d’habiter qu’est le cortiço.
A Lift of the Schur and Hall–Littlewood Bases to Non-commutative Symmetric Functions
Authors: Berg Chris , Bergeron Nantel , Saliola Franco , Serrano Luis , Zabrocki Mike 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe introduce a new basis of the algebra of non-commutative symmetric functions whose images under the forgetful map are Schur functions when indexed by a partition. Dually, we build a basis of the quasi-symmetric functions that expand positively in the fundamental quasi-symmetric functions. We then use the basis to construct a non-commutative lift of theHall–Littlewood symmetric functions with similar properties to their commutative counterparts.
Reformas para quê? As políticas educacionais nos anos de 1990, o “novo projeto de formação” e os resultados das avaliações nacionais
Authors: Silva Mônica Ribeiro da , Abreu Claudia Barcelos de Moura 
Published: April 2013

O Brasil vive um contexto de reforma educacional desde o início dos anos de 1990. O presente trabalho se propõe a situar a educação brasileira no âmbito das políticas públicas e faz, inicialmente, um breve histórico e contextualização da reforma educacional do período. Identifica seus primeiros enunciados relacionando-os às condições da educação vigentes no país no momento em que a reforma tem início. Discute o papel que tem ocupado as agências internacionais e as orientações de organismos multilaterais na formulação das políticas locais. Aponta, nesse âmbito, a criação de interlocutores que têm por finalidade promover a viabilização e cumprimento das metas estabelecidas nas parcerias, bem como darrespostas aos agentes parceiros. O trabalho demonstra que um dos principais alvos da reforma foi a mudança curricular, utilizada como estratégia para aproximar a educação escolar das demandas postas pelas transformações ocorridas na economia em geral e no mundo do trabalho em particular. Evidencia a consolidação de um novo projeto de formação com destaque para a formação de professores. Analisa, por fim, os resultados desse processo de reforma tomando por referência o desempenho dos alunos aferidos por meio dos sistemas de avaliação nacional.
Conhecimento e Diretrizes curriculares para o curso de Pedagogia no Brasil
Authors: Evangelista Olinda 
Published: April 2013

Trata-se o presente texto de uma reflexão em torno das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para o Curso de Pedagogia (DCNP) que dá nova ordenação ao curso de Pedagogia no Brasil. O objetivo central foi verificar que relações se estabelecem entre formação para a docência – principal função da futura Licenciatura em Pedagogia – e produção de conhecimento, o lugar reservado para a pesquisa nas DCNP e o seu escopo na formação do professor. Para tanto, examinamos dois documentos fundamentais: o Parecer CNE/CP nº. 5/2005 (BRASIL, 2005) e a Resolução CNE/CP nº. 1/2006 (BRASIL, 2006). Em ambos verificamos a concepção de conhecimento presente e, com base em literatura específica, avançamos uma crítica que evidencia a produção do conhecimento na Licenciatura em Pedagogia como função subalternizada à gestão escolar. A secundarização da pesquisa na formação do Licenciado em Pedagogia concorre para o esvaziamento teórico da área da educação, vinculando-a a uma abordagem fortemente instrumental. Concluímos que, mais do que o abandono da razão, presenciamos o recuo da inteligência nacional em relação à perspectiva histórico-crítica pela adesão a um pensamento gelatinoso, pragmático e relativista. Estamos em presença da proliferação de intelectuais que investem na civilização das elites e catalisa mentes para a crença de que, se não é possível – e talvez nem desejável – mudar o capital, humanizemo-lo.
Trends in hunters, hunting grounds and big game harvest in Spain
Authors: Herruzo A. C. , Martinez-Jauregui M. 
Published: April 2013

Aim of study: Game species are considered a scarce natural resource and therefore they are subject to economic analysis. Current studies on factors affecting big game trends have mostly emphasized the impact of ecological supply variables. This study intends to expand this analysis by considering two important supply and demand economic parameters.Area of study: We use big game hunting in Spain from 1972 until 2007 as a case study since it has an important role in the European hunting activity. Material and Methods: Different linear models were fitted to explain big game harvest as a function of two parameters not previously used: hunting grounds areas and big game firearm hunting licenses.Main results: Our main results show that up to 1989 the decrease in the area of open access territories significantly explains the increase in big game harvests, and that afterwards, once the hunting property rights were strengthen in most of the Spanish territory, the number of big game firearm licenses best explain big game harvests increments.Research highlights: This work shows an upward trend in Spanish harvests of big game, which can be attributed in part to (1) a shift to the right of big game demand, measured by an increase in big game firearm licenses, and (2) a change in the nature of big game supply (from a backward to an ordinary upward supply curve) due to the strengthening of hunting property rights of Spanish hunting grounds.Keywords: hunting license; firearm license; hunting bag; hunting sector; property rights; wildlife.
Immunocytochemistry for MUC4 and MUC16 Is a Useful Adjunct in the Diagnosis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma on Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology
Authors: Horn Adam , Chakraborty Subhankar , Dey Parama , Haridas Dhanya , Souchek Joshua , Batra Surinder K. , Lele Subodh M. 
Published: April 2013

Context.—Diagnoses rendered as atypical/suspicious for malignancy on fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of pancreatic mass lesions range from 2% to 29% in various studies. We have identified the expression of 3 genes, MUC4, MUC16, and NGAL that are highly upregulated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In this study, we analyzed the expression of these markers in FNA samples to determine whether they could improve sensitivity and specificity.Objective.—To evaluate the utility of MUC4, MUC16, and NGAL in the evaluation of pancreatic FNA specimens.Design.—Records of pancreatic FNAs performed during 10 consecutive years were reviewed. Unstained sections from corresponding cell blocks were immunostained for MUC4, MUC16, and NGAL (polyclonal). Immunostaining was assessed using the H-score (range, 0–3). Any case with an H-score of &gt;0.5 was considered positive.Results.—Cases were classified using cytomorphologic criteria as adenocarcinoma (31 of 64; 48.4%), benign (17 of 64; 26.6%), and atypical/suspicious (16 of 64; 25%). On follow-up, all cases (100%; 31 of 31) diagnosed as carcinoma on cytology were confirmed on biopsy/resection samples or by clinical follow-up (such as unresectable disease). Of the cases diagnosed as atypical/suspicious, 69% (11 of 16) were found to be positive for adenocarcinoma and 31% (5 of 16) were benign on subsequent follow-up. Overall sensitivity and specificity, respectively, for the various markers for the detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma were as follows: MUC4 (74% and 100%), MUC16 (62.9% and 100%), and NGAL (61.3% and 58.8%). In cases that were atypical/suspicious on cytology, expression of MUC4 and MUC16 was 100% specific for carcinoma with sensitivities of 63.6% and 66.7%, respectively.Conclusion.—Immunocytochemistry for MUC4 and MUC16 appears to be a useful adjunct in the classification of pancreatic FNA samples, especially in cases that are equivocal (atypical/suspicious) for adenocarcinoma on cytomorphologic assessment.
Integrity and Amplification of Nucleic Acids From Snap-Frozen Prostate Tissues From Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic and Open Prostatectomies
Authors: Voss Barbara L. , Santiano Kristine , Milano Mary , Mangold Kathy A. , Kaul Karen L. 
Published: April 2013

Context.—Recently, robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy has replaced open retropubic radical prostatectomy as the surgical procedure of choice. This less-invasive approach offers many advantages but exposes prostate tissue to longer periods of warm ischemia that may affect subsequent analysis of biomarkers.
Objective.—To analyze the nucleic acid quality and quantity isolated from open versus laparoscopic prostatectomies.
Design.—Nucleic acids were isolated from 10 open-obtained and 10 laparoscopic-obtained tissues stored in our prostate sample repository. Nucleic acid integrity was assessed via electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction amplification of RNA and DNA targets ranging in size from 125 to 939 base pairs.
Results.—The DNA yield, integrity, and polymerase chain reaction amplification were identical between samples obtained from both surgical approaches. The RNA integrity number and yield were similar, as was β-2 microglobulin mRNA amplification up to 652 base pairs. However, 2 of 10 samples (20%) collected robotically showed decreased real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction amplification of prostate-specific antigen messenger RNA, especially with targets larger than 300 base pairs.
Conclusions.—Generally, the quality and quantity of nucleic acids isolated from prostate tissue obtained via open or laparoscopic approaches are equivalent, suggesting that procurement of tissues is appropriate from either procedure. However, some loss of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction amplification of larger RNA targets was noted in the laparoscopic samples; appropriate design of assays to keep amplicon sizes small and the use of internal controls to assess RNA integrity is recommended.