bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design Strategies and Applications of Tissue Bioadhesives
Authors: Mehdizadeh Mohammadreza , Yang Jian 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn the past two decades tissue adhesives and sealants have revolutionized bleeding control and wound healing. This paper focuses on existing tissue adhesive design, their structure, functioning mechanism, and their pros and cons in wound management. It also includes the latest advances in the development of new tissue adhesives as well as the emerging applications in regenerative medicine. We expect that this paper will provide insightful discussion on tissue bioadhesive design and lead to innovations for the development of the next generation of tissue bioadhesives and their related biomedical applications. magnified image
Music to Your Brain: Background Music Changes Are Processed First, Reducing Ad Message Recall
Authors: Fraser Cynthia , Bradford J. Andrew 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTBackground music captures attention, evokes images, and creates ambience, but may interfere with processing of advertised messages, reducing recall. Brains are hardwired to process unexpected background sound changes first, automatically preempting processing of brand message elements and reducing recall. The degree of this recall reduction depends on the structural characteristics of the music, as well as the advertised brand. Backgrounds with more frequent harmonic and textural changes create more frequent distraction, reducing message recall. Faster tempos increase the frequency of those distractions. However, faster tempos also enable streaming of like distractions, improving message recall. In Experiment 1, backgrounds, varying in harmonic, textural, and temporal characteristics, were compared across ads for six brands. Message recall was higher for ads with backgrounds with less‐frequent change. Message recall from ads for new, unfamiliar brands suffered more from background music interference than from ads for established brands. In Experiment 2, background change frequency was reduced in two ads, holding all else constant, which improved message recall.
Carbon Nanotube‐Directed Polytetrafluoroethylene Crystal Growth via Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Laird Eric D. , Bose Ranjita K. , Wang Wenda , Lau Kenneth K. S. , Li Christopher Y. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractInitiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) has been shown to be suitable for blanketing surfaces with thin polymer coatings of ≈1–2 nm and greater. In this work, iCVD coatings of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) deposited on carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based surfaces show CNT‐templated PTFE single crystal growth. While the coating forms disoriented agglomerates when deposited on an amorphous carbon background, “shish‐kebab” structures are observed when grown on single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as well as CNT buckypaper. It is shown that the shish‐kebab structure is composed of PTFE lamellae arranged with the chain backbones running parallel to the SWCNT axis. This result allows one to control not only the surface chemistry using PTFE but also the coating surface topology.
Analysis of the fractional Kawahara equation using an implicit fully discrete local discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Wei Leilei , He Yinnian , Tang Bo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this article, an implicit fully discrete local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) finite element method, on the basis of finite difference method in time and LDG method in space, is applied to solve the time‐fractional Kawahara equation, which is introduced by replacing the integer‐order time derivatives with fractional derivatives. We prove that our scheme is unconditional stable and convergent through analysis. Extensive numerical results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the present method. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2013
Entheseal Changes and Functional Implications of the Humeral Medial Epicondyle
Authors: Ibáñez‐Gimeno P. , Galtés I. , Jordana X. , Fiorin E. , Manyosa J. , Malgosa A. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTLongitudinal rotation of the forearm (pronosupination) is an essential component of human manipulative tasks. The efficiency of this movement is dependent not only on the rotatory muscles but also on several morphological and structural features of the upper limb. In a recent study, we observed that the size and orientation of the humeral medial epicondyle played an important role in forearm rotatory ability. We further observed that the forearm muscular activity, specifically the motion of pronation, promotes radial curvature, which, in turn, enhances rotational efficiency. In this study, we aim to test whether the orientation of the medial epicondyle is an activity‐dependent parameter or whether it is an invariable morphological feature characteristic of the human skeleton. We analysed the upper limb entheseal changes in 30 human skeletons and assessed the role of several functional groups in the anteroposterior and proximo‐distal orientation of the medial epicondyle. Our results indicate that the orientation of the medial epicondyle is partially an activity‐dependent feature basically determined by elbow flexor‐extensors and hand and wrist flexors. The orientation of the medial epicondyle towards more posterior and proximal positions causes a gain of efficiency in the pronation range when the elbow is extended and in the supination range when the elbow is flexed. Therefore, we suggest that the medial epicondyle of the humerus is a structure involved in the manipulative capacities of the human upper limb, and its orientation presents a range of variation that may be associated with the functional enhancement of these abilities. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of modified attapulgite on the properties of attapulgite/epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Rongguo , Li Zheng , Wang Yumei , Liu Wenbo , Deng Libo , Jiao Weicheng , Yang Fan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe aim of this work is to figure out the true effects of filler modification in attapulgite (ATP)/epoxy (EP) nanocomposites through comparing the properties of composites containing pristine or modified ATP clay. ATP particles were first pretreated by a silane coupling agent KH550 and cationic surfactant cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) separately, and then a series of nanocomposites were prepared with varied clay loadings. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were used to confirm the modification. The wicking experiment showed the compatibility of ATP with EP increased after modification, especially for CTAB‐ATP, which was discovered to exhibit the highest affinitive ratio. Mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were enhanced on the introduction of ATP. Regarding the efficiency of mechanical reinforcement, KH550 was superior to CTAB at lower ATP loadings (<2 wt%), whereas CTAB became relatively more effective at higher loadings. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Studies on synthesis and characterization of poly(methyl methacrylate)‐bentonite clay composite by emulsion polymerization and simultaneous in situ clay incorporation
Authors: Modak Sadhan Kumar , Mandal Arup , Chakrabarty Debabrata 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWell‐dispersed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)–bentonite clay composite was synthesized by emulsion polymerization using methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer and 3% sodium carbonate treated bentonite clay. The composite lost its transparency normally encountered with the neat PMMA. The composite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vicat softening point (VSP), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and tensile studies. The morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic forced microscopy (AFM) as well. The crystallography was studied to estimate the changes in crystallographic planes by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The particle size distribution was compared amongst neat bentonite clay, neat PMMA and the composite. The FTIR spectra reveal the fact that no new primary valence bond is formed between the clay and PMMA. The thermal stability of the composite is significantly improved, as indicated by the TGA and VSP studies. A substantial increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) approximately, 10°C was recorded from the DMTA as both the storage modulus and tan δ values underwent inflexion at higher temperatures in case of the composite compared with the pristine PMMA. The XRD pattern indicates increase in basal “d” spacing for the composite. The morphology from both the SEM and AFM is quite supportive to well‐dispersed exfoliation. The incorporation of nanosized activated clay particles in PMMA during its in situ polymerization from MMA led to the formation of nanocomposites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Optical percolation and oxygen diffusion in poly(divinylbenzene) doped poly(methyl methacrylate) latex flms
Authors: Yargı Ö. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA simple fluorescence technique is proposed for the measurement of the diffusion coefficient of oxygen into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) latex‐poly(divinylbenzene) (PDVB) composite films. Percolation model was used by using photon transmission (PT) technique to interpret the distribution of PDVB particles in PMMA lattice. Optical results were interpreted according to site percolation theory. The optical percolation threshold value and critical exponent were calculated as, Rc = 0.03 and, β = 0.34, respectively. PT measurements were performed for eight different PDVB content (0, 1.5, 3, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60) wt%. Pyrene (P) functionalized PDVB cross‐linked spherical microspheres with diameters of 2.5 μm were synthesized by using precipitation polymerization technique followed by click coupling reaction. The diameter of the PMMA particles prepared by emulsion polymerization was in the range of 0.5–0.7 μm. PMMA/PDVB composite films were then prepared by physically blending of PMMA latex with PDVB microspheres at various compositions. The steady‐state fluorescence method was used to monitor oxygen diffusion into these (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 wt%) latex films. Diffusion coefficients, D, of oxygen were determined by the fluorescence quenching method by assuming Fickian transport and were found to be increased from 1.8 × 10−11 to 36.6 × 10−11 cm2 s−1 with increasing PDVB content. This increase in D values was explained with formation of microvoids in the film by using PT technique. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Ammonium‐assisted green fabrication of graphene/natural rubber latex composite
Authors: Li Chengpeng , Feng Chunfang , Peng Zheng , Gong Wei , Kong Lingxue 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDirect incorporation of nano reinforcement fillers has been a challenge for composite design because of strong aggregation. In this article, a stabilizer‐free method is developed to prepare new graphene/natural rubber latex (NRL) composite as the stabilizer ammonium was diffused completely in the final heat vulcanization. The as‐prepared composite was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, static mechanical analysis, dynamic thermal mechanical analysis, swelling analysis, and positron annihilation analysis. The results demonstrated that because of good dispersion and special two‐dimensional structure of the graphene, there is strong interfacial interaction originated from the π–π interactions and hydrogen bonds between graphene and NRL matrix even at a low loading. After the introduction of graphene, the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the crosslink density are improved to 6°C and 7%, respectively, with a slight decrease in overall free‐volume number (3.5%) and fraction (1%). It is also surprising to notice that the tensile strength of NRL is improved to 8% without compromising the elongation at break, which actually increases 3%. Therefore, ammonium‐assisted dispersion of graphene is feasible for graphene/NRL fabrication. POLYM. COMPOS., 2013. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fetal neural tube defects in pregnant women previously submitted to bariatric surgery: more attention to a new emerging entity
Authors: Pelizzo Gloria , Nakib Ghassan , Alfei Alessandro , Iasci Angela , Cena Hellas , Locatelli Davide , Mosconi Mario , Zappoli Federico , Calcaterra Valeria 
Published: December 2012

What's already known about this topic?

The pathogenesis of neural tube defects is multifactorial.What does this study add?

Although the pathogenesis of neural tube defects is certainly multifactorial, malnutrition after bariatric surgery has to be considered a major risk factor. Women who have undergone bariatric procedure must receive nutritional counselling before and after conception.
Crystallization behavior and crystallite morphology control of poly(L‐lactic acid) through N, N′‐bis(benzoyl)sebacic acid dihydrazide
Authors: Fan Yinqing , Yu Zhuyi , Cai Yanhua , Hu Dingding , Yan Shifeng , Chen Xuesi , Yin Jingbo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAdding a nucleating agent is one of the best ways to accelerate the crystallization rate of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) so as to obtain a high degree of crystallinity during the process, which will improve the heat distortion temperature of final products. In the work reported, N, N′‐bis(benzoyl)sebacic acid dihydrazide (BSAD) was synthesized and used as a nucleating agent for PLLA. Isothermal and non‐isothermal crystallization behaviors were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The addition of BSAD successfully enhances the crystallization rate of PLLA. A unique phase separation behavior of PLLA/BSAD blends is found from DSC as well as from polarized optical microscopy, which explains the difference of optimal BSAD concentration between isothermal and non‐isothermal crystallization. This is the first recording of a phase separation peak in PLLA/nucleating agent blends using DSC. In thermogravimetric analysis, the enhanced thermal stability indicates that there are strong hydrogen bonds between BSAD and PLLA matrix. BSAD can dissolve in PLLA melt below its melting point through intermolecular hydrogen bonding with PLLA and self‐assemble upon cooling, leading to the surface being capable of nucleating PLLA. Different phase separation temperatures can be used to control the morphology of BSAD, which finally determines the crystallite morphology of PLLA. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Insoluble porous conjugated polymer films via phase separation and photo‐crosslinking for the trace detection of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene
Authors: Leng Hongfei , Niu Qingyuan , Wu Wenhui 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA novel conjugated polymer film with microscale/submicroscale porous morphology fabricated from crosslinked poly(fluorene‐co‐carbazole) (PFC1) was developed for the detection of 2,4‐dinitrotoluene (DNT). The fluorescent conjugated polymer PFC1 with pendant photo‐crosslinkable coumarin groups was synthesized by Suzuki coupling polymerization. Taking advantage of the phase separation of PFC1/polystyrene (PS) blends in the film and the solvent‐resistant network, porous structured films were prepared by removal of PS. Films with porous morphologies exhibited marked responsive sensitivity to trace DNT vapor due to the unique porous structure favoring the diffusion of and association with DNT molecules. The formation of a crosslinked network by dimerization of the coumarin moieties may be beneficial for isolating the polymeric backbones, thus to some extent preventing chain aggregation. This facile fabrication method enabled the crosslinked porous films to be efficient fluorescence chemosensors towards the detection of trace amounts of DNT vapor.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
The Internal Migration of Immigrants: Differences between One‐Time and Multiple Movers in Spain
Authors: Silvestre Javier , Reher David S. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTResearch on the mobility and residential patterns of immigrants within receiving countries is abundant. The selective nature of movers and the location of immigrants are issues that have received special attention. Most studies are premised on the supposition that immigrants move only once. However, for a number of immigrants, internal migration is a dynamic process in which more than one movement is involved. This article extends the literature by disaggregating immigrants according to their number of internal migrations. We use data from a new and rich retrospective survey to examine the determinants of migration trajectories and the effects of the location choices of immigrants. We elaborate a set of indicators to assess the importance of the spatial assimilation theory and other main theoretical frameworks. This article concentrates on Spain, a recent main migratory destination in Europe and worldwide. Results reveal the existence of significant differences between one‐time and multiple movers. The selective nature of multiple movers is explained in part by the spatial assimilation paradigm. Further results show that both one‐time and multiple movers tend to reside outside ethnic concentrations as a result of their mobility experience within Spain. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and electronic properties of highly doped topological insulator Bi2Se3 crystals
Authors: Cao Helin , Xu Suyang , Miotkowski Ireneusz , Tian Jifa , Pandey Deepak , Hasan M. Zahid , Chen Yong P. 
Published: December 2012

Abstractmagnified imageWe present a study of the structural and electronic properties of highly doped topological insulator Bi2Se3 single crystals synthesized by the Bridgman method. Lattice structural characterizations by X‐ray diffraction, scanning tunneling microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the high quality of the as‐grown single crystals. The topological surface states in the electronic band structure were directly re‐ vealed by angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Transport measurements showed that the conduction was dominated by the bulk carriers and confirmed a previously observed bulk quantum Hall effect in such highly doped Bi2Se3 samples. We briefly discuss several possible strategies of reducing bulk conductance. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tests of different flavours of EnKF on a simple model
Authors: Bowler Neill E. , Flowerdew Jonathan , Pring Stephen R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe Met Office is currently developing an ensemble‐based data‐assimilation system for use in numerical weather prediction (NWP). In an effort to inform those developments, a simple model has been used to compare a number of different flavours of ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF). As in many previous studies, deterministic (square‐root) filters are seen to perform better than stochastic (perturbed‐observations) filters. Two previously proposed methods for mitigating the effects of perturbing the observations were tested. These modified stochastic filters improved performance, but were still worse than the deterministic filters. Very little difference was seen between the performance of the various deterministic filters tested.The typical approach to localization in the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) is based solely on the distance between each observation and the model point being updated. It takes no account of the inter‐observation distance and we argue that this is incorrect. However, the difference between covariance localization and observation localization is only relevant when the assimilation is not weak and hence it did not affect performance in these tests. If a hybrid covariance matrix is used to update the ‘deterministic’ forecast around which the ensemble is centred, then using the same covariance matrix when updating the perturbations is seen to be beneficial in a stochastic filter. This is not the case in the square‐root filter, due to restrictions imposed by its formulation. Tests with a nonlinear observation operator indicate better behaviour when observations are assimilated simultaneously rather than sequentially. An ensemble of variational minimizations has some advantages in this situation. These results, along with other considerations, have led the Met Office to develop a 4‐dimensional ensemble‐variational (4D‐En‐Var) system for data assimilation and ensemble generation.
Generalized loop‐erased random walks and approximate reachability
Authors: Gorodezky Igor , Pak Igor 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this paper we extend the loop‐erased random walk (LERW) to the directed hypergraph setting. We then generalize Wilson's algorithm for uniform sampling of spanning trees to directed hypergraphs. In several special cases, this algorithm perfectly samples spanning hypertrees in expected polynomial time. Our main application is to the reachability problem, also known as the directed all‐terminal network reliability problem. This classical problem is known to be # P‐complete, hence is most likely intractable (Ball and Provan, SIAM J Comput 12 (1983) 777–788). We show that in the case of bi‐directed graphs, a conjectured polynomial bound for the expected running time of the generalized Wilson algorithm implies a FPRAS for approximating reachability. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 44, 201‐223, 2014
Measurement errors and scaling relations in astrophysics: a review
Authors: Andreon Stefano , Hurn Merilee 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis review article considers some of the most common methods used in astronomy for regressing one quantity against another in order to estimate the model parameters or to predict an observationally expensive quantity using trends between object values. These methods have to tackle some of the awkward features prevalent in astronomical data, namely heteroscedastic (point‐dependent) errors, intrinsic scatter, non‐ignorable data collection and selection effects, data structure and non‐uniform population (often called Malmquist bias), non‐Gaussian data, outliers, and mixtures of regressions. We outline how least square fits, weighted least squares methods, Maximum Likelihood, survival analysis, and Bayesian methods have been applied in the astrophysics literature when one or more of these features is present. In particular we concentrate on errors‐in‐variables regression and we advocate Bayesian techniques. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 6: 15–33, 2013
Non‐ionic Dendronized Multiamphiphilic Polymers as Nanocarriers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Gupta Shilpi , Schade Boris , Kumar Sumit , Böttcher Christoph , Sharma Sunil K. , Haag Rainer 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA new class of non‐ionic dendronized multiamphiphilic polymers is prepared from a biodegradable (AB)n‐type diblock polymer synthesized from 2‐azido‐1,3‐propanediol (azido glycerol) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)‐600 diethylester using Novozym‐435 (Candida antarctica lipase) as a biocatalyst, following a well‐established biocatalytic route. These polymers are functionalized with dendritic polyglycerols (G1 and G2) and octadecyl chains in different functionalization levels via click chemistry to generate dendronized multiamphiphilic polymers. Surface tension measurements and dynamic light scattering studies reveal that all of the multiamphiphilic polymers spontaneously self‐assemble in aqueous solution. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy further proves the formation of multiamphiphiles towards monodisperse spherical micelles of about 7–9 nm in diameter. The evidence from UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy suggests the effective solubilization of hydrophobic guests like pyrene and 1‐anilinonaphthalene‐8‐sulfonic acid within the hydrophobic core of the micelles. These results demonstrate the potential of these dendronized multiamphiphilic polymers for the development of prospective drug delivery systems for the solubilization of poorly water soluble drugs.