bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The application of caries risk assessment in minimum intervention dentistry
Authors: Hallett KB 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCaries risk assessment forms the cornerstone for the successful application of a minimum intervention dentistry philosophy in the management of dental caries. Patients, particularly those with evidence of active dental caries at baseline, require a caries risk assessment to identify those risk factors that will most likely contribute to the progression of the carious disease process. Once identified, these factors should be eliminated or at least moderated to ensure the disease progression is stabilized before conservative and rehabilitative dental procedures are undertaken. Each individual will present with a slightly different caries risk profile and the principles of a patient centred approach to manage each case should be applied to the individual diagnostic and treatment planning phases of dental care. Current chairside technologies such as caries susceptibility and activity tests can be utilized to provide baseline and follow‐up data to assist the dental practitioner in this task. However, clinician intuition or ‘gut feeling’ has been found to be a better prognostic indicator for future dental caries experience than present caries prediction instruments in most cases. As caries risk data are accumulated and refined at a population, community and individual level, the sensitivity and specificity of the caries risk assessment modelling will improve as will the positive predictive power of the final statistical model algorithm. It is likely that online caries predictive tools will be available for general dental practitioners in the not too distant future to help clinicians formulate accurate caries risk profiles for their patients.
Minimum intervention dentistry and the management of tooth wear in general practice
Authors: Meyers IA 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe incidence of tooth wear, or non‐carious tooth surface loss (NCTSL), is increasing and oral rehabilitation of patients with non‐carious tooth loss requires strategies that address all the factors relevant to the aetiology and pathogenesis of the condition. The multifactorial nature of tooth wear and the variability in its clinical presentation provides treatment challenges for the clinician and successful management must be more than just restoration. Management must include an appropriate mix of preventive and restorative strategies and an understanding that long‐term restorative success is affected by the patient's oral environment, and how diet, lifestyle and medical status can modify this environment. Ultimately, the success of any restorative intervention is very dependent on the stability of the oral environment and the condition of the remaining tooth structure. Minimum intervention dentistry (MID) philosophies are ideally suited to tooth wear cases and an overall MID strategy involving diagnosis, recognition and control of predisposing factors, stabilization of the oral environment, remineralization and restoration of the tooth structure, and ongoing maintenance can be implemented. When restorative treatment is required, contemporary materials and techniques are available that can provide cost‐effective and conservative restorative alternatives for patients unable to undergo the complex indirect restorative techniques that are both costly and time consuming to implement. These minimally invasive approaches are not only an economically viable solution, but can provide aesthetic and functional rehabilitation and maintain tooth structure as a precursor to more complex restorative options when required.
Lemierre's syndrome: a serious complication of a routine dental procedure
Authors: Ghaly B , Bertram A , Naim A 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLemierre's syndrome is the clinical presentation characterized by oropharyngeal or tonsillar infection, anaerobic septicaemia often with distant septic emboli, and clinical or radiological evidence of thrombosis of the internal jugular vein. We report a case of Lemierre's syndrome in a 44‐year‐old type II diabetic male. This case is unique for two reasons. Firstly, we believe it is the first reported iatrogenic case following a routine dental procedure. Secondly, the internal jugular vein thrombosis was found to occur on the contralateral side to the primary infection.
The association between chewing and swallowing difficulties and nutritional status in older adults
Authors: Mann T , Heuberger R , Wong H 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the associations of chewing and swallowing dysfunctions to nutritional status in older adults.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study comprised a convenience sample of 1065 community‐dwelling older adults living in rural United States. Dietary assessment included the Block Full Length Food Frequency Questionnaire, 24‐hour Food Intake Recall and Mini Nutritional Assessment. Classification of chewing and swallowing difficulties was determined by a criterion of outlined factors.ResultsIn our sample, 113 (11%) had chewing difficulties, 51 (5%) had swallowing difficulties, and 11 (1%) had both. Compared to the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), the study population was deficient in calories and several nutrients. Mean daily intake in individuals reporting chewing, swallowing, or difficulties with both were 1489 ± 360, 1461 ± 374 and 1374 ± 240 calories respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Vitamin A, vitamin E and manganese were significantly lower in those with chewing difficulties while vitamin E and magnesium were significantly lower in individuals with swallowing difficulties (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThese results emphasize the importance of chewing and swallowing difficulties in modulating nutritional outcomes in older adults. These co‐morbidities should be monitored in this population and intake of nutrient dense foods should be increased in those at risk.
General practitioners' opinions and attitudes towards medical assessment of fitness to drive of older adults in Ireland
Authors: Omer Sami , Dolan Catherine , Dimitrov Borislav D , Langan Camilla , McCarthy Geraldine 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveThe study sought to assess opinions and attitudes of general practitioners (GPs) in Ireland towards fitness to drive (FTD) assessment in people older than 65 years old as well as to gather information on current assessment practices.MethodA postal‐based cross‐sectional survey was carried out with 603 GP practices randomly selected using the Irish College of General Practitioners database.ResultsResponse rate was 42.6%. The prevalence of GPs not confident in assessing FTD was less than 15% with 81% reporting the need for more education on assessing FTD, and 82% identifying that mandatory reporting of unsafe drivers posed a conflict of interest. Only 37% of GPs always/often used the Irish Road Safety Authority handbook when assessing FTD with 14% not aware of its existence. Of responders, 89% were of the opinion that a clinical assessment tool would be of benefit in assessing FTD.ConclusionOur study highlights the need for education and training for Irish GPs on FTD assessment in the older people patient population.
Quantitative Electrocardiographic Measures, Neuromuscular Disorders, and Survival in Left Ventricular Hypertrabeculation/Noncompaction
Authors: Stöllberger Claudia , Gerger Daniel , Wegner Christian , Finsterer Josef 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundLeft ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction (LVHT) is frequently associated with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) and electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities. Quantitative ECG‐measures (QEMs) are risk markers for mortality in cardiomyopathies. We measured QEMs in the ECGs in LVHT patients with and without NMDs.MethodsIncluded were patients in whom (a) LVHT was diagnosed between 1995 and 2011 and (b) baseline ECG recordings were available. All underwent a clinical examination and were invited for a neurological investigation. QRS duration, QT, QTc and PR intervals were analyzed. Survival status was assessed in June 2011.ResultsIn 141 patients (mean age 54 years, 49 females) QRS duration ranged from 40 to 200 ms, a QRS duration >120 ms was found in 19% and was associated with increased age, heart failure, left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction (P < 0.001). QT intervals ranged from 240 to 600 ms. The QTc intervals ranged from 302 to 612 ms, a QTc interval >440 ms was found in 38% and was associated with left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction (P < 0.001). PR intervals ranged from 90 to 360 ms, a PR interval >200 ms was found in 16% and associated with left ventricular dilatation (P < 0.01). No QEM differences were found in 86 patients with and 13 without NMD. During 59 months follow‐up 45 patients died. QEMs were no mortality predictors, whereas multivariate analysis identified heart failure (P < 0.01), atrial fibrillation (P < 0.01) and diabetes mellitus (P < 0.05) as mortality predictors.ConclusionsProlonged QRS complexes, PR and QTc intervals in LVHT are associated with heart failure and left ventricular dilatation, but not with NMD. The prognostic role of QEMs in LVHT needs further investigations in larger series.
Feeling Uncertain and Acting on It During the Preschool Years: A Metacognitive Approach
Authors: Ghetti Simona , Hembacher Emily , Coughlin Christine A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe ability to experience uncertainty (i.e., uncertainty monitoring) is an important skill that enables us to optimize our performance by acting cautiously or seeking additional information when we feel uncertain, and by expressing our knowledge when we feel certain (i.e., uncertainty control). Research reveals that even young preschoolers can introspect on uncertainty and act appropriately based on these introspections. We conclude that uncertainty monitoring and control can be driving forces of cognitive development during the preschool years. In this article, we review the emerging literature on this topic, highlight open questions, and draw connections with other research domains.
Plasma progranulin levels in cortical dementia phenotypes with asymmetric perisylvian atrophy
Authors: Gómez‐Tortosa E. , Guerrero‐López R. , Gil‐Neciga E. , Franco E. , del Ser T. , Jiménez Escrig A. , Pérez‐Pérez J. , Sainz M. J. 
Published: May 2013

Background and purposeDecreased plasma progranulin levels are a very specific marker for the diagnosis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) caused by mutations in the progranulin gene (GRN). A frequent neuroimaging pattern in this type of dementia is asymmetric cortical atrophy. The aim of this study was to screen for GRN‐linked FTLD in cases with different cortical dementia phenotypes and asymmetric perisylvian atrophy.MethodsProgranulin plasma levels were analyzed in a variety of FTLD phenotypes (n = 71), dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) (n = 22) and probable Lewy body dementia (n = 8), both latter groups presented with asymmetric perisylvian atrophy. A group of elderly controls (n = 29) and DAT cases with symmetric atrophy (n = 33) were also analyzed. The GRN gene was sequenced in cases with lower plasma levels.ResultsFour cases with clinical FTLD phenotypes and plasma levels below 70 ng/ml were found to carry different GRN mutations: M1?, C139R, a point mutation in the splice donor site of intron 3 (A89VfsX41), and a deletion in exon 9 (A303AfsX57), this latter one being a new mutation. Thirteen cases with levels between 72 and 85 ng/ml did not show pathogenic changes in the GRN gene. None of the cases with asymmetric atrophy and clinical phenotypes other than FTLD had GRN mutations.ConclusionsAsymmetric perisylvian atrophy is not likely to predict progranulin‐linked FTLD unless it is associated with a consistent FTLD clinical phenotype.
A mouse model of vitiligo induced by monobenzone
Authors: Zhu Yiping , Wang Suiquan , Xu Aie 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe paucity of vitiligo animal models limits the understanding of vitiligo pathogenesis and the development of therapies for the skin disorder. In this study, we developed a new mouse model of vitiligo by topically applying the skin‐depigmenting agent monobenzone on mice. We demonstrated that monobenzone‐induced skin depigmentation on the non‐exposed sites and that the severity of lesions depended on drug dosage. The result of the histological examination of the depigmented skin indicated loss of epidermal melanocytes and perilesional accumulation of CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, the monobenzone‐induced depigmentation of the Rag1 gene knockout did not appear on the non‐exposed sites, supporting the involvement of infiltrating CD8+ T cells in melanocyte destruction. Resemblance in histological characteristics and pathogenesis between monobenzone‐induced depigmentation and active human vitiligo suggests good potential of our mouse model for use in vitiligo research.
Nicotine affects cutaneous wound healing in stressed mice
Authors: de Almeida Taís F. , Romana‐Souza Bruna , Machado Saul , Abreu‐Villaça Yael , Monte‐Alto‐Costa Andréa 
Published: May 2013

AbstractStress is an important condition of modern life. Nicotine addiction can modulate the physiological response to stress. Cutaneous healing is a complex process resulting in scar formation, which can be delayed by stress. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nicotine administration on cutaneous wound healing in chronically stressed mice. Male mice were submitted to rotational stress, whereas control animals were not subjected to stress. These stressed and control animals were treated with a transdermal nicotine patch that was changed every day. A full‐thickness excisional lesion was also generated, and 14 days later, lesions had recovered. However, the Stress + Nicotine group presented a delay in wound contraction. These wounds showed a decrease in inflammatory cell infiltration and lower expression of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), whereas there was an increase in angiogenesis and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) expression. In vitro fibroblast migration was also impaired by the nicotine treatment of stressed‐stimulated cells. In conclusion, nicotine administration potentiates the delay in wound closure observed in mice submitted to stress.
Learning routines over long‐term sensor data using topic models
Authors: Castanedo Federico , de‐Ipiña Diego López‐ , Aghajan Hamid K. , Kleihorst Richard 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRecent advances on sensor network technology provide the infrastructure to create intelligent environments on physical places. One of the main issues of sensor networks is the large amount of data they generate. Therefore, it is necessary to have good data analysis techniques with the aim of learning and discovering what is happening on the monitored environment. The problem becomes even more challenging if this process is performed following an unsupervised way (without having any a priori information) and applied over a long‐term timeline with many sensors. In this work, topic models are employed to learn the latent structure and dynamics of sensor network data. Experimental results using two realistic datasets, having over 50 weeks of data, have shown the ability to find routines of activity over sensor network data in office environments.
Clinical Evaluation of a Ten‐Day Regimen with Esomeprazole, Metronidazole, Amoxicillin, and Clarithromycin for the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in a High Clarithromycin Resistance Area
Authors: Georgopoulos Sotirios D. , Xirouchakis Elias , Martinez‐Gonzalez Beatriz , Sgouras Dionyssios N. , Spiliadi Charikleia , Mentis Andreas F. , Laoudi Fotini 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing clarithromycin resistance reduces Helicobacter pylori eradication rates with conventional triple regimens. We evaluated effectiveness and safety of a 10‐day‐quadruple nonbismuth containing regimen, as first‐line treatment or second‐line treatment (after conventional triple) for H. pylori, and assessed impact of antibiotic resistance on treatment success.Materials and methodsEligible patients had upper GI endoscopy and positive CLO‐test, also confirmed by histology and/or culture. The eradication scheme comprised: Esomeprazole 40 mg, Metronidazole 500 mg, Amoxicillin 1000 mg, and Clarithromycin 500 mg, twice daily, for 10 days. Treatment adherence and adverse effects were recorded. Eradication was tested by 13C‐urea breath test or histology.ResultsOne hundred and ninety out of 198 patients (115M/83F, aged 18–81, mean 52 years, 37% smokers, 27% ulcer disease) who completed the study protocol were evaluated for eradication. Adherence to treatment was 97.7% (95% CI 95.9–99.6). Six (3.2%) patients experienced severe side effects and discontinued treatment. Intention to treat and per protocol analysis in first line was 91.5% (95% CI 86.2–94.8) and 95% (95% CI 90.4–97.4) and in second line was 60.6% (95% CI 43.6–75.3) and 64.5% (95% CI 46.9–78.8), respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed in 106 of 124 (85%) patients who gave consent. Among them 42 (40%) harbored clarithromycin resistant strains. Eradication rates were significantly higher in sensitive and single clarithromycin or metronidazole resistant (37/37, 100% and 43/47, 91%) than in dual resistant strains (12/22, 55%) (p < .0001). Specifically, concomitant regimen eradicated 7/10, 70% of dual resistant strains as first‐line treatment and 5/12, 42% as second‐line treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that dual resistance was the only independent significant predictor of treatment failure.ConclusionsThe 10‐days “concomitant” regimen is effective and safe first‐line H. pylori treatment, in a high clarithromycin resistance area, although dual antibiotic resistance may compromise its effectiveness.
Bacterial colonization, enamel defects and dental caries in 4–6‐year‐old mono‐ and dizygotic twins
Authors: Ooi Gregory , Townsend Grant , Seow W. KIM 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundKnowledge of the genetic and environmental influences in caries aetiology has relevance for preventive dentistry.AimsThis classical twin study compared concordance of mutans streptococci (MS) and lactobacilli (LB) colonization, enamel defects, and caries in a cohort of 4–6‐year‐old mono‐ (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs.DesignThe twins were examined for prevalence and concordance of enamel opacities and hypoplasia, oral counts of MS and LB, and dental caries. Bacterial counts were assessed using a commercial microbiological kit.ResultsThirty‐four MZ and 50 DZ twins (mean gestational age 35.0 ± 2.4 weeks, and birthweight 2.4 ± 0.6 kg) were examined. There were no statistically significant differences between MZ and DZ twins in the prevalence of MS, LB, and enamel hypoplasia. Concordance rates for MS and LB presence and prevalence of enamel defects within MZ and DZ twin pairs were not significantly different. There were more children with caries in DZ compared with MZ twins (18% vs 3%, P = 0.0029), most likely due to increased daily frequency of sugar consumption and less toothbrushing.ConclusionsConcordance data from MZ and DZ twins did not demonstrate any statistically significant difference in susceptibility for enamel defects and colonization of MS and LB.
Investor Inattention: A Hidden Cost of Choice in Pension Plans?
Authors: Dahlquist Magnus , Martinez José Vicente 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe investigate inattention on the part of pension plan participants using a dataset covering savings in Sweden's Premium Pension System. These data permit direct comparison of the investment behaviours of pension and retail mutual fund investors. Unlike retail mutual fund investors, pension investors do not seem to react to past fund performance. This behaviour means that pension investors face a greater risk of being caught in poorly performing funds. Our evidence suggests that inertia and inattention to past performance may translate into poorer investment results for pension investors. We discuss a potential change in the design of defined contribution pension schemes that may mitigate costs for inattentive investors while maintaining flexibility for attentive investors.
Validation of the Mobility Nursing Outcome in Stroke Survivors
Authors: Moreira Rafaella Pessoa , de Araujo Thelma Leite , Cavalcante Tahissa Frota , Guedes Nirla Gomes , Costa Alice Gabrielle de Sousa , Lopes Marcos Venicios de Oliveira 
Published: May 2013

PurposeTo validate the indicators of the mobility nursing outcome.MethodsThis is a methodological study carried out from February to April 2011. The instrument was assessed by 23 nurses, and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0.FindingsThe title “physical mobility” was the most suitable. There was a statistical proportion of less than 85% of experts who agreed that the indicators running, crawling, jumping, and moves with ease were relevant to mobility nursing outcome (p < .05). However, these indicators were not associated with stroke patients.ConclusionsFor stroke patients, some indicators are not adequate to their evaluation.Implications for Nursing PracticeThis work supports the tools' development to assess accurate outcome measurements in specific populations.OBJETIVOValidar os indicadores dos resultados de enfermagem obilidade.MÉTODOSEste é um estudo metodológico realizado de fevereiro a abril de 2011. O instrumento foi avaliado por 23 enfermeiras, e os dados foram analisados usando SPSS versão 16.0.DADOSO título de "mobilidade física", foi o mais adequado. Houve uma proporção estatística inferior a 85% dos especialistas que concordaram que os indicadores corre, rastejar, pular, e se move com facilidade eram relevantes para a o resultado de enfermagem Mobilidade (p < 0.05). No entanto, estes indicadores não foram associados com os pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral.CONCLUSÕESPara pacientes com AVC, alguns indicadores não são adequados para a suaavaliação.IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEMO presente trabalho apóia o desenvolvimento das ferramentaspara avaliar as medições de resultados precisos em populações específicas.
Linking exercise and causality orientations to change in well‐being among older adults: does change in motivational variables play a role?
Authors: Solberg Paul André , Halvari Hallgeir , Ommundsen Yngvar 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA self‐determination theory process model of change in well‐being was tested among older adults in a 16‐week randomized exercise‐trial (n = 118, M = 74.3 years, SD = 4.6, 68% females). The exercise intervention increased participants' autonomous motivation and perceived competence over the first 7 weeks. Moreover, autonomous orientation gave rise to perceived competence, while impersonal orientation was related to increased controlled motivation. Changes in motivational variables were positively related to changes in vitality over the trial, while change in controlled motivation was negatively related to changes in vitality and subjective well‐being. Bootstrapping analyses supported an indirect exercise–vitality path through autonomous motivation and perceived competence, and an indirect autonomous orientation–vitality path through perceived competence.