bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher Frequency Ventilation Attenuates Lung Injury during High-frequency Oscillatory Ventilation in Sheep Models of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Liu Songqiao , Yi Yang , Wang Maohua , Chen Qiuhua , Huang Yingzi , Liu Ling , Xie Jianfeng , Zhou Dunyuan , Qiu Haibo 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background:
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) at higher frequencies minimizes the tidal volume. However, whether increased frequencies during HFOV can reduce ventilator-induced lung injury remains unknown.

Methods:
After the induction of acute respiratory distress syndrome in the model by repeated lavages, 24 adult sheep were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): three HFOV groups (3, 6, and 9 Hz) and one conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) group. Standard lung recruitments were performed in all groups until optimal alveolar recruitment was reached. After lung recruitment, the optimal mean airway pressure or positive end-expiratory pressure was determined with decremental pressure titration, 2 cm H2O every 10 min. Animals were ventilated for 4 h.

Results:
After lung recruitment, sustained improvements in gas exchange and compliance were observed in all groups. Compared with the HFOV-3 Hz and CMV groups, the transpulmonary pressure and tidal volumes were statistically significantly lower in the HFOV-9 Hz group. The lung injury scores and wet/dry weight ratios were significantly reduced in the HFOV-9 Hz group compared with the HFOV-3 Hz and CMV groups. Expression of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in the lung tissue, decreased significantly in the HFOV-9 Hz group compared with the HFOV-3 Hz and CMV groups. Malondialdehyde expression and myeloperoxidase activity in lung tissues in the HFOV-9 Hz group decreased significantly, compared with the HFOV-3 Hz and CMV groups.

Conclusion:
The use of HFOV at 9 Hz minimizes lung stress and tidal volumes, resulting in less lung injury and reduced levels of inflammatory mediators compared with the HFOV-3 Hz and CMV conditions.
A generalization of Nash's theorem with higher-order functionals
Authors: Hedges Julian 
Published: April 2013

The recent theory of sequential games and selection functions by Escardó & Oliva is extended to games in which players move simultaneously. The Nash existence theorem for mixed-strategy equilibria of finite games is generalized to games defined by selection functions. A normal form construction is given, which generalizes the game-theoretic normal form, and its soundness is proved. Minimax strategies also generalize to the new class of games, and are computed by the Berardi–Bezem–Coquand functional, studied in proof theory as an interpretation of the axiom of countable choice.
Functional Redundancy and Divergence within the Arabidopsis RETICULATA-RELATED Gene Family
Authors: Pérez-Pérez José Manuel , Esteve-Bruna David , González-Bayón Rebeca , Kangasjärvi Saijaliisa , Caldana Camila , Hannah Matthew A. , Willmitzer Lothar , Ponce María Rosa , Micol José Luis 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA number of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants exhibit leaf reticulation, having green veins that stand out against paler interveinal tissues, fewer cells in the interveinal mesophyll, and normal perivascular bundle sheath cells. Here, to examine the basis of leaf reticulation, we analyzed the Arabidopsis RETICULATA-RELATED (RER) gene family, several members of which cause leaf reticulation when mutated. Although transcripts of RE, RER1, and RER3 were mainly detected in the bundle sheath cells of expanded leaves, functional RER3:GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN was visualized in the chloroplast membranes of all photosynthetic cells. Leaf reticulation in the re and rer3 loss-of-function mutants occurred, along with accumulation of reactive oxygen species, in a photoperiod-dependent manner. A comparison of re and rer3 leaf messenger RNA expression profiles showed more than 200 genes were similarly misexpressed in both mutants. In addition, metabolic profiles of mature leaves revealed that several biosynthetic pathways downstream of pyruvate are altered in re and rer3. Double mutant analysis showed that only re rer1 and rer5 rer6 exhibited synergistic phenotypes, indicating functional redundancy. The redundancy between RE and its closest paralog, RER1, was confirmed by overexpressing RER1 in re mutants, which partially suppressed leaf reticulation. Our results show that RER family members can be divided into four functional modules with divergent functions. Moreover, these results provide insights into the origin of the reticulated phenotype, suggesting that the RER proteins functionally interconnect photoperiodic growth, amino acid homeostasis, and reactive oxygen species metabolism during Arabidopsis leaf growth.
Synergistic lubrication of MoS2 particles with different morphologies in liquid paraffin
Authors: Hu Kunhong , Cai Yongkui , Hu Xianguo , Xu Yufu 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the synergistic lubrication of MoS2 particles with different morphologies.Design/methodology/approachThe synergistic lubrication of MoS2 particles with different morphologies is evaluated using a four‐fall tribometer in liquid paraffin.FindingsResults show that the morphology of MoS2 has an influence on the tribological properties of MoS2. Both MoS2 nano‐balls and nano‐platelets function as lubrication additives in liquid paraffin better than MoS2 micro‐platelets do. It is also found that there is a synergistic lubrication between two different morphologies of MoS2. The composite MoS2 additives with different morphologies can improve the wear resistance and friction reduction of liquid paraffin more than each of them singly does. The synergistic lubrication between two different MoS2 morphologies results from the cooperation of their different lubrication mechanism.Originality/valueThe paper reveals a synergistic lubrication between two different MoS2 structures. It is very advantageous and practical to partly displace nano‐MoS2 with micro‐MoS2.
Analysis of fluorinated interactions in plain ZDDP and fully formulated oils using design of experiment (DOE) and chemistry characterization of tribofilms in boundary lubrication under extreme loading conditions
Authors: Nehme Gabi 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe very reproducible boundary lubrication tests, conducted as part of design of experiment (DOE) to study the behavior of fluorinated catalyst mixed with polutetrafluoroethylene or Teflon (PTFE) in developing environmentally friendly (reduced P and S) anti‐wear additives for future engine oil formulations. The paper presents both the statistical and experimental solution to the fluorinated interactions in fully formulated (F‐fully formulated) and plain ZDDP (F‐plain) oils.Design/methodology/approachThe wear performance of fluorinated additive in combination with conventional commercial oil and ZDDP plain oil were investigated using DOE software. Several chemistry combinations were prepared and tested under extreme boundary lubrication (385 N with maximum Hertzian contact pressure of 2.72 GPa). Wear and frictional properties were evaluated using DOE and the interactions of fluorinated mix with minimum phosphorus were studied and compared with respect to fully formulated and plain ZDDP oils.FindingsThe optimized desirability shows the best condition that leads to more consistency in the breakdown of the tribofilm for a fixed contact load and fixed amount of fully formulated ZDDP oil. The influence of catalyst and PTFE fluorinated mix were examined. Scanning electron microscopy with chemistry analysis was developed. Hardness of the tribofilms, X‐ray of the wear track and Auger spectroscopy confirm the present of fluorine and phosphorus.Originality/valueTo ensure the reliability of the model, two original tests were conducted on the fully formulated and plain oil with minimum fluorinated mix.
Wear behaviour of aluminium/alumina/graphite hybrid metal matrix composites using Taguchi's techniques
Authors: Radhika N. , Subramaniam R. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeRecent advances in modern technology have generated the need to develop newer materials for better antifriction and wear properties. The objective is to analyse the significance of design parameters that significantly affects the dry sliding wear.Design/methodology/approachThe tribological behaviour of aluminium alloy (Al‐Si10Mg) reinforced with alumina and graphite produced by liquid metallurgy is studied using pin‐on‐disc wear test apparatus under dry sliding condition. Experiments are conducted based on the plan of experiments generated through Taguchi technique. A L27 Orthogonal array is selected for analysis of the data. Influence of applied load, sliding speed and weight percentage of reinforcements on wear rate as well as the coefficient of friction during wearing process is studied using analysis of variance technique and regression equations for each response are developed. Finally, confirmation tests are carried out to verify the experimental results.FindingsMechanical property such as hardness has been evaluated and it was found that the hardness increases as reinforcement content increases. The wear rate and coefficient of friction increases by increasing load and decreases by increasing sliding speed and weight percentage of reinforcements. Results from analysis of variance reveals that the applied load has the highest influence on both wear rate and coefficient of friction, followed by sliding speed and weight percentage of reinforcement.Practical implicationsAluminium hybrid metal matrix composites showing ample success in improving strength and wear resistance by utilising the optimal process condition.Originality/valueThe results obtained by this method are useful in improving the dry sliding wear resistance.
Optimize aluminum's surface roughness in rolling lubrication process
Authors: Sun Jianlin , Ying Huang , Lu Mingyu 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive experimental study to achieve optimal surface roughness of aluminum rolled with freshly ground rollers of two high rolling mills.Design/methodology/approachVarious rolling oils and processing conditions are applied in the rolling process. Resultant surface roughness is measured with a profilometer; and surface topography of aluminum after rolling is observed under scanning electron microscope. In order to examine the oil film thickness (the most critical factor in rolling process), a planimeter is used to measure the area of oil patch resulting from a precisely controlled oil droplet, which in turn allows calculation of outlet oil film thickness as an approximation to inlet oil film thickness in the deformation region.FindingsThe experimental results indicate that two major factors have dominant impacts on aluminum's surface roughness in the rolling lubrication process: reduction of roller; and viscosity of lubrication oil. Based upon analysis of the experimental data, optimal roller reduction is found to be within range (23%, 30%) and optimal oil viscosity should be chosen, such that the ratio between inlet oil film thickness in the deformation region and the combined surface roughness is around 1.Originality/valueAccording to the authors' observations, the above parameter choices generally assure excellent surface quality of aluminum after rolling.
Design of a fuzzy model based on vibration signal analysis to auto‐detect the gear faults
Authors: Hashemi Mohammad , Saeed Safizadeh Mir 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to detect gears' faults with an automatic decision‐making process and find a reliable method to detect faults on gear systems using a composition of conventional methods.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the vibration behavior of gears during engagement is investigated. Then, after studying different methods of fault detection using vibration signals analysis, a suitable method is proposed for the case of gears. For this purpose, a fuzzy model is employed based on available knowledge about fault detection of gears and results obtained from vibration behavior of gears. In the mentioned fuzzy model, a feature extracted from wavelet transform and also a couple of statistical indexes are used as fault criteria.FindingsUsing fuzzy systems instead of numerous data in training the decision‐making system and also utilizing available knowledge of gears' signals and information of fault effects can significantly simplify the decision‐making process in auto‐detecting gears faults, considering difficulty of laboratory set up, manufacturing and different faults creation, as well as, lack of sufficient data.Practical implicationsIn order to validate and enhance the proposed model, an empirical set up is manufactured and tested. Later on, the model is tested on another set of gears.Originality/valueAlthough the gears' faults were completely different from those of experimental set up, promising results in detecting faults were obtained. Moreover, it is shown that it is possible to determine the level of gears' health, as well as to estimate the gears' status, owing to fuzzy logic. This issue can be observed in the change of fault parameter while analyzing signals related to the fault growth in gears.
Tribological properties of crown‐type phosphate ionic liquid as additive in poly(ethylene glycol) for steel/steel contacts
Authors: Jiang Dong , Hu Litian , Feng Dapeng 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to design the crown‐type phosphate ionic liquid additive which can dissolve in poly(ethylene glycol) (shortened to PEG) completely, and evaluate the tribological properties as additive in PEG for steel/steel contacts.Design/methodology/approachTo improve the solubility and the tribological performance of ionic liquid additive in PEG, the crown‐type phosphate ionic liquid additive was prepared. The tribological properties of the crown‐type phosphate ionic liquid additive in PEG were evaluated at different concentrations and rubbing frequencies on an Optimol SRV oscillating friction and wear tester. The morphology and chemical compounds of the wear scars were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).FindingsThe experimental results show that the crown‐type phosphate ionic liquid additive applied in based oil exhibits better tribological properties for steel/steel contacts at different loads, concentrations and rubbing frequencies. It could improve the anti‐wear ability and reduce the friction coefficients as the increased concentration. By the SEM and XPS analysis, it is found that there were the effective boundary lubricant films in the worn surface. The boundary films were composed of various tribochemical products, ferric oxide, ferric phosphate and pyrophosphate, together with the absorbed films.Originality/valueCompared with the poor miscibility of some ionic liquid in PEG, the crown‐type phosphate ionic liquid additive can dissolve in PEG perfectly. It can improve the anti‐wear ability and reduce the friction coefficient of PEG at different concentrations and rubbing frequencies.
Volatiles from thin film degradation of bio‐based, synthetic and mineral basestocks
Authors: Stoncius Arvydas , Liascukiene Irma , Jankauskas Sigitas , Asadauskas Svajus J. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeWorkmanship concerns lead to more focus on volatile materials, released by industrial lubricants. Typically, flash point test and thermo‐gravimetrical analysis (TGA) are used to investigate basestock volatility, but they do not address long‐term decomposition tendencies of lubricants. The extent of volatile losses due to chemical degradation (oxidation, hydrolysis, dissociation, etc.) remains unclear.Design/methodology/approachVaporisation tendencies of eight additive‐free bio‐based, synthetic and mineral basestocks with similar viscosities were compared experimentally in a 30‐80 h degradation test. Thin films (30‐50 μm) of oils were placed on the steel surface and heated to 130‐140°C with periodic cooling to room temperatures for gravimetric measurement of volatile losses.FindingsMineral oils lost some fractions initially, but their evaporation subsided afterwards. To the contrary, PAO, polyglycol and polyol ester type oils showed low losses early into the test, but later they started producing high amounts of volatiles. After approx. 10‐15 h the evaporation from mineral oils was clearly lower than that from synthetic or bio‐based oils with substantially higher flash points.Originality/valueTest results challenge the existing viewpoint that viscous oils with high flash points are non‐volatile. It was found that even fully synthetic and bio‐based oils lost more than 30 wt.% contents, despite being considered almost non‐volatile. Such extensive decomposition of oil films should be taken into account when making the equipment‐engineering or workmanship‐related decisions in the industry.
Diffusion of quality standards in the hospitality sector
Authors: del Mar Alonso‐Almeida María , Marimon Frederic , Bernardo Merce 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe aim of this study is to compare the diffusion of certifications under two quality management systems (QMSs) in the tourism sector in Spain: the generic ISO 9001 international standard; and the Spanish industry‐specific “Q” standard.Design/methodology/approachThe study pursues this objective by comparing the logistic curves of dissemination of certifications under the two standards using data obtained from official sources. This analysis is complemented with qualitative data from several case studies of Spanish hotels and restaurants.FindingsThe results show that the two standards are at different stages of diffusion: certification under the Spanish “Q” standard is increasing, while the ISO 9001 international standard seems to have reached saturation point, despite the fact that a lower number of certifications have been registered under ISO 9001 than under the “Q” standard.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this study is that it is one of the first to analyse the dissemination of quality standards in a specific sector. The findings are thus of considerable importance in extending knowledge of quality management in the tourism sector.
Cultural adaptation in Chinese‐Western supply chain partnerships
Authors: Jia Fu , Lamming Richard 
Published: April 2013

PurposeInter‐firm learning, or dyadic learning, has been studied extensively in recent years: however very little attention has been devoted to extending the concept to an international context and no formal definition exists. The purpose of this paper is to propose “cultural adaptation” as a special form of international dyadic learning and link it to supply relationship performance.Design/methodology/approachCase studies were conducted in four Chinese‐Western buyer‐supplier relationships, providing cross‐case replication, employing qualitative and quantitative methods. Data were triangulated by questionnaires, semi‐structured interviews, and documentation.FindingsQualitative and quantitative evidence shows that cultural adaptation can lead to mutual benefits (relationship rents) and inbound spillover rents for both parties in a supply relationship.Research limitations/implicationsUsing four cases and a small sample of key informants completing the questionnaire limits generalisability of findings.Practical implicationsThe paper develops the causal relationship between cultural adaptation and mutual benefits motivating managers to adapt culturally. It emphasizes that the current relationship performance measures should includeguanxiquality in order to adapt to the Chinese context.Originality/valueBuilding on extended resource based theory, stating that strategic resources may lie beyond a firm's boundary and that relational and inbound spillover rents may be obtained from the relationship, the research contributes to dyadic or inter‐organisational learning literature by empirically building causal relationships between cultural adaptation (as a form of international dyadic learning) and associated mutual benefits (relational and inbound spillover rents), using multiple data sources and methods and tentatively redefining the dyadic learning concept.
An empirical examination of the relationship between business strategy and socially responsible supply chain management
Authors: Hoejmose Stefan , Brammer Stephen , Millington Andrew 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the effect of business strategy on socially responsible supply chain management (SR‐SCM).Design/methodology/approachThis study draws on data from 178 UK‐based companies, and 340 buyer‐supplier relationships. A novel data collection approach is used, which minimizes social desirability and common methods bias, to capture socially responsible supply chain management. The data are analysed through a set of OLS regressions.FindingsBusiness strategies significantly influence socially responsible supply chain management. Low‐cost producers largely neglect their social responsibilities in the supply chain. In contrast, firms pursuing differentiation strategies are considerably more engaged with these issues, partly because they have better supply chain processes.Practical implicationsPractitioners should carefully consider the fit between strategic position and level of engagement with SR‐SCM, since our results emphasise the relationship between SR‐SCM and business strategy. Proactive engagement with SR‐SCM, however, also implies sound supply chain processes, which must also be aligned with business strategy. Policy‐makers should consider the low engagement with SR‐SCM of low‐cost producers and the implications for SR‐SCM in cost sensitive and competitive global markets.Originality/valueThis is the first systematic cross‐sectional study of the relationship between business strategy and socially responsible supply chain management (SR‐SCM). These results suggest that there is a clear relationship between the strategic position of the firm and their SR‐SCM practices. These results contribute to the on‐going debate on relationships between strategy and supply chain management, and the emerging debate on the relationships between strategy and SR‐SCM.