bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative immunophenotyping of equine multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells: An approach toward a standardized definition
Authors: Paebst Felicitas , Piehler Daniel , Brehm Walter , Heller Sandra , Schroeck Carmen , Tárnok Attila , Burk Janina 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHorses are an approved large animal model for therapies of the musculoskeletal system. Especially for tendon disease where cell‐based therapy is commonly used in equine patients, the translation of achieved results to human medicine would be a great accomplishment. Immunophenotyping of equine mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) remains the last obstacle to meet the criteria of the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) definition of human MSCs. Therefore, the surface antigen expression of CD 29, CD 44, CD 73, CD 90, CD 105, CD 14, CD 34, CD 45, CD 79α, and MHC II in equine MSCs from adipose tissue, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, umbilical cord tissue, and tendon tissue was analyzed using flow cytometry. Isolated cells from the different sources and donors varied in their expression pattern of MSC‐defining antigens. In particular, CD 90 and 105 showed most heterogeneity. However, cells from all samples were robustly positive for CD 29 and CD 44, while being mostly negative for CD 73 and the exclusion markers CD 14, CD 34, CD 45, CD 79α and MHC II. Furthermore, it was evident that enzymes used for cell detachment after in vitro‐culture affected the detection of antigen expression. These results emphasize the need of standardization of MSC isolation, culturing, and harvesting techniques. As the equine MSCs did not meet all criteria the ISCT defined for human MSCs, further investigations for a better characterization of the cell type should be conducted. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Liposomal Gels for Site‐Specific, Sustained Delivery of Celecoxib: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation
Authors: Fetih Gihan , Fathalla Dina , El‐Badry Mahmoud 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Preclinical Research

The objective of this work was to evaluate liposome‐containing gel formulations for the sustained, site‐specific delivery of celecoxib (CXB). Liposomes composed of phosphadtidylcholine (and various amounts of cholesterol (Ch) were prepared using thin film hydration and characterized for encapsulation efficiency, vesicle size, and drug‐excipient interaction using differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. The selected liposome formulation was incorporated in different gel formulations: the Ch ratio affected the encapsulation efficiency of the drug, by increasing Ch ratio up until 1:1 the encapsulation efficiency increased. Further increasing the Ch ratio resulted in decreasing encapsulation efficiency. In vitro drug release and skin permeation studies showed sustained release and enhanced permeation compared with gel formulations containing free drug. In the rat paw edema test, the anti‐inflammatory activity of the selected liposomal gel formulation was higher and more sustained compared with that of the nonliposomal gel formulation containing free drug. These results suggest that the liposome‐containing gels are promising formulations for sustained, site‐specific delivery of CXB.
Prins Spirocyclization for the Synthesis of Spiro[isobenzofuran‐pyran] Derivatives
Authors: Reddy B. V. Subba , Kumar Harish , Reddy P. Sivaramakrishna , Singarapu Kiran Kumar 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA Prins cascade process was developed for the synthesis of tetrahydro‐3H‐spiro[isobenzofuran‐pyran] derivatives in good yields and selectivity by the condensation of 3‐[2‐(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]but‐3‐en‐1‐ols with aldehydes or ketones. The reaction proceeds smoothly in the presence of indium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate (30 mol‐%) in dichloroethane at 80 °C. This is the first report on the synthesis of tetrahydro‐3H‐spiro[isobenzofuran‐pyran] scaffolds through a Prins cascade reaction.
Synthetic Studies towards Radicicol through Biomimetic Macrolactonization and Transannular Aromatization Reactions
Authors: Cookson Rosa , Pöverlein Christoph , Lachs Jennifer , Barrett Anthony G. M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractStudies towards the total synthesis of the natural product radicicol are described that employ a late‐stage esterification and aromatization by trapping a ketene intermediate. The subsequent biomimetic aromatization of the resultant triketo ester gave highly functionalized resorcylates. Two distinct methods were examined that trap the ketene intermediate through either an intermolecular or intramolecular process. In the first approach, the synthesis of the resorcylate was followed by a ring‐closing metathesis, which gave the macrolactone and protected precursors to monocillin I. In the second approach, an intramolecular ketene trapping was examined as an alternative to close the macrocycle and form the resorcylate macrolactone. These studies showcased a wide range of sensitive functional groups that tolerated the aromatization reaction conditions, which started from the corresponding dioxinone precursors.
Asymmetric Synthesis of (–)‐Pterosin N from a Chiral 1,3‐Dioxolanone
Authors: Wu Hsiu‐Han , Hsu Shao‐Chien , Hsu Feng‐Lin , Uang Biing‐Jiun 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe first asymmetric total synthesis of (–)‐pterosin N from the N,N‐diisopropyl‐10‐camphorsulfonamide‐derived chiral 1,3‐dioxolanone 11 has been accomplished in 9 steps with 8 % overall yield. The key steps in this synthesis were the highly stereoselective propargylation of 1,3‐dioxolanone 11 to construct the chiral tertiary alcohol moiety, construction of a diene‐ynone by Stille coupling, and an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction followed by aromatization to finish the synthesis.
Cyclopropanation Reactions of Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Syrgiannis Zois , Hadad Caroline , Prato Maurizio 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCovalent functionalization of single‐ and multiwalled carbon nanotubes was performed by using a cyclopropanation reaction under classical heating conditions. The method involves the in situ formation of diazo intermediates, which are generated from tosylhydrazone precursors. The covalent functionalization of the pristine materials was evaluated with the use of characterization techniques such as thermogravimetric analysis and Raman spectroscopy. All compounds were also characterized by UV/Vis/near‐IR and transmission electron microscopy. Similar to the example of fullerene‐type derivatives, this procedure can produce new materials that may be appropriate for devices such as solar cells.
The effect of terminal sterilization on structural and biophysical properties of a decellularized collagen‐based scaffold; implications for stem cell adhesion
Authors: Matuska Andrea M. , McFetridge Peter S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTerminal sterilization induces physical and chemical changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of ex vivo‐derived biomaterials due to their aggressive mechanism of action. Prior studies have focused on how sterilization affects the mechanical integrity of tissue‐based biomaterials but have rarely characterized effects on early cellular interaction, which is indicative of the biological response. Using a model fibrocartilage disc scaffold, these investigations compare the effect of three common sterilization methods [peracetic acid (PAA), gamma irradiation (GI), and ethylene oxide (EtO)] on a range of material properties and characterized early cellular interactions. GI and EtO produced unfavorable structural damage that contributed to inferior cell adhesion. Conversely, exposure to PAA resulted in limited structural alterations while inducing chemical modifications that favored cell attachment. Results suggest that the sterilization approach can be selected to modulate biomaterial properties to favor cellular adhesion and has relevance in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. Furthermore, the study of cellular interactions with modified biomaterials in vitro provides information of how materials may react in subsequent clinical applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 397–406, 2015.
Use of ionic liquids as additives for the immobilization of lipase from Bacillus sp.
Authors: Cabrera‐Padilla Rebeca Y. , Melo Elvio B. , Pereira Matheus M. , Figueiredo Renan T. , Fricks Alini T. , Franceschi Elton , Lima Álvaro S. , Silva Daniel P. , Soares Cleide M. F. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDIonic liquids (ILs) have been used as additives to immobilise lipase from a new source of Bacillus sp. (ITP‐001) by the physical adsorption method supporting green poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) in order to evaluate the influence of the cationic core ([C4mpy]Cl, [C4min]Cl), of anions ([C4min]Cl, [C4min]N(CN)2, [C4min]Tf2N) and the cation chain length ([C2min]Tf2N, [C4min]Tf2N)) in the immobilization process. The immobilized biocatalysts (IB) were characterized with regard to morphological and physico‐chemical properties, and total activity recovery yield (Ya) and biochemical properties of more efficient IB were evaluated.RESULTTotal activity recovery yield (Ya) for the immobilized biocatalysts employing LI as additives always resulted in higher values compared with the control. The most efficient was using the more hydrophobic IL [C4min]Tf2N, which represents a 2‐fold greater increase in the recovery of enzymatic activity. It retained more than 73% of its original activity after 20 reuses compared with the control, which, after ten cycles, retained only 33% of its original activity.CONCLUSIONThe anions and the cation chain length of ionic liquids have a strong influence on the immobilization process. The results for biocatalyst immobilized with [C4min]Tf2N showed an increase in total activity recovery yield and considerable improvement in operational stability. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrastructure of spermatozoa of orsolobidae (Haplogynae, Araneae) with implications on the evolution of sperm transfer forms in Dysderoidea
Authors: Lipke Elisabeth , Ramírez Martín J. , Michalik Peter 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTHaplogynae are highly diverse with respect to the primary male genital system and sperm characteristics. Additionally, all sperm transfer forms (STF) known for spiders are present. Besides individually transferred sperm (cleistospermia), sperm are transferred as conjugates, both primary (synspermia) and secondary sperm conjugates (coenospermia, rouleaux) occur. Nevertheless, the ultrastructure of spermatozoa and STF are described for few Haplogynae and often only one representative species was studied, resulting in a superficial insight in the evolution of these traits. To elucidate the evolution of STF within Haplogynae we investigated representatives of four genera of the dysderoid family Orsolobidae. Our data show the presence of synspermia (Orsolobus, Osornolobus, Hickmanolobus, and Tasmanoonops) and also cleistospermia (Osornolobus). The occurrence of different STF within one family or even genus has not been described for any other spider taxon so far. Moreover, the synspermia of species of Tasmanoonops and Hickmanolobus were not covered by a secretion sheath suggesting a previously unknown strategy of transferring sperm that is possibly related to sperm residency time or female triggered processes after copulation. Based on serial ultrathin sectioning and subsequent 3D‐reconstruction, we obtained detailed measurements revealing remarkable size differences of STF. To evaluate the previously suggested correlation with the most distal region of the spermophor inside the embolus (intromittent part of the copulatory organ) we measured the diameter of the spermophor using micro‐computed X‐ray tomography data to obtain corresponding morphometric parameters. Based on these data only two species show similarity in STF and spermophor diameter. J. Morphol. 275:1238–1257, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MR diffusion is sensitive to mechanical loading in human intervertebral disks ex vivo
Authors: Alkalay Ron N. , Burstein Deborah , Westin Carl‐Fredrik , Meier Dominick , Hackney David B. 
Published: June 2014

PurposeTo use T2 and diffusion MR to determine the change in the mechanical function of human disks with increased degenerative state.Materials and MethodsSpatial changes in T2 and diffusion were quantified in five cadaveric human lumbar disks under compressive loads. Regression models were used to investigate the relationship between the change in MR parameters and the disk's dynamic and viscoelastic properties.ResultsCompressive loading caused a significant reduction in the disk's mean diffusivity ([11.3 versus 9.7].10−4.mm2/s, P < 0.001) but little change in T2 (P < 0.05). Diffusivity and T2 were correlated with the disk's dynamic (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) and long‐term viscoelastic (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05) stiffness. Diffusivity but not T2, was correlated with its viscoelastic dampening (r2 = 0.45, P < 0.01) and instantaneous stiffness (r2 = 0.44, P < 0.05). Nucleus diffusivity was significantly higher than the annulus's (−21% to −4%, P < 0.01). MR‐estimated hydration was correlated with the instantaneous viscoelastic stiffness of the nucleus (r2 = 0.35, P < 0.05) and the dynamic (r2 = 0.44, P < 0.05) and long‐term viscoelastic (r2 = 0.42, P < 0.05) stiffness in the annulus. T2 correlated with diffusivity at low load (r2 = 0.66, P < 0.05), but not at high load.ConclusionThe strong correlations between diffusivity and the rheological assessments of disk mechanics suggest that MR might permit quantitative assessment of disk functional status and structural integrity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:654–664. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effect of dielectric overlay on microstrip antenna embedded in composite laminated substrates
Authors: Yang S. M. , Hung C.‐C. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryComposite structures with desire mechanical properties can be tailored to embed microstrip antenna for reducing aerodynamic disturbance in aerospace systems. This work aims at developing a spectral domain model to analyze the effect of dielectric overlay on the performance of microstrip antenna embedded in composite laminated substrates. Analysis shows that antenna performance depends not only on the dielectric overlay but also on the laminate layer's electromagnetic property, fiber direction, and stacking sequence. The common belief that the antenna size will be reduced because of the increase of equivalent permittivity by the dielectric overlay is no longer valid in composite laminated substrates. Of the eight substrates studied, overlay can, in general, reduce antenna radiation efficiency; however, it is found to have favorable effect in substrates with some selected electromagnetic properties and stacking sequence. For example, removing the antenna overlay in [45/−45/−45/45/45/−45] substrate can be counterproductive. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Opposite responses of body condition and fertility in adjacent moose populations
Authors: Gingras Janick , Couturier Serge , Côté Steeve D. , Tremblay Jean‐Pierre 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTMoose (Alces alces) populations exceed 3 individuals/km2 in some wildlife reserves and parks of northeastern Canada. Heavy browsing pressure at such densities is potentially altering the ecological integrity of forests with eventual negative consequences for moose. We hypothesized that regulation by resources would be limited by the capacity of female moose to modulate their reproductive strategies to maintain high fertility despite a decline in body condition. We observed a 20–33% decline in rump fat thickness in males and females, respectively, from the high density Matane Wildlife Reserve in Eastern Québec in October compared to an adjacent population. We also observed a lower mass of the peroneus group of muscles for males (−3%) and prime‐aged females (−8%) in the Matane Wildlife Reserve than in the adjacent population. Females from the Matane Wildlife Reserve population had a lower twinning ovulation rate (1 out of 20 vs. 7 out of 21 ovulating females in the adjacent population) but >15% higher overall ovulation rate. Our results suggest that female moose can maintain high fertility despite a decline in body condition, by reducing their litter size at ovulation and conserving energy to increase the probability of annual reproduction. The adjustment of female reproductive strategies illustrates the plasticity of moose in response to decreasing habitat quality. We conclude that in the absence of specialist predators, equilibrium with forage is unlikely for large herbivores in the short or mid‐term. Active management of moose populations is likely required to maintain the ecological integrity of boreal forests. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Activation and Deactivation of the Polymerization of Ethylene over rac‐EtInd2ZrCl2 and (nBuCp)2ZrCl2 on an Activating Silica Support
Authors: Tisse Virginie F. , Boisson Christophe , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: June 2014

A study is carried out in order to better understand the kinetic behavior of two different metallocene precursors supported on an activating silica support, and, in particular, to attempt to reduce the significance of catalyst deactivation through the use of different alkylating agents. It is observed that it is difficult to prevent the deactivation of the rac‐EtInd2ZrCl2 sites on the activating support, and, furthermore, the deactivation is accompanied by the disa­ppearance of sites producing the highest‐molecular‐weight polymer. On the contrary, with the (nBuCp)2ZrCl2 precursor, it is possible to manipulate the addition of either tri‐isobutylaluminum (TIBA) or triethylaluminum (TEA) to significantly reduce the deactivation of the catalyst on the activating supports. Finally, the molecular‐weight distribution seems to depend much more on the intrinsic properties of the active sites than on how the active sites are treated.
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Influence of joint position on synergistic muscle activity after fatigue of a single muscle head
Authors: Stutzig Norman , Siebert Tobias 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We investigated synergistic muscle activity after fatigue of a single muscle in different joint positions. Methods: Two experimental groups (n = 12 each) performed maximal voluntary contractions (MVCs) before and after fatiguing the gastrocnemius lateralis (GL), using neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). Neuromuscular tests, including muscle activity during MVC, H‐reflex, and twitch interpolation, were performed. One group completed the experiment in a knee‐extended position with the second group in a knee‐flexed position. Results: In the knee‐flexed position, the muscle activity increased in non‐stimulated synergistic muscles. In contrast, in the knee‐extended position, muscle activity of the synergistic muscles remained unaltered. The MVC force remained unaltered in the flexed position and decreased in the extended position. Conclusions: Synergistic muscles compensate for the fatigued muscle in the flexed position but not in the extended position. Compensation mechanisms seem to depend on joint position. Muscle Nerve 51: 259–267, 2015
Combining MRI and muscle biopsy improves diagnostic accuracy in subacute‐onset idiopathic inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Van De Vlekkert Janneke , Maas Mario , Hoogendijk Jessica E. , De Visser Marianne , Van Schaik Ivo N. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In 10–20% of patients with subacute‐onset idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), muscle biopsy is normal or shows nonspecific findings. MRI can be used as a triage test before muscle biopsy and as an add‐on test if the biopsy is nondiagnostic. Methods: MRI scans of skeletal muscles and muscle biopsies were evaluated prospectively in 48 patients suspected to have IIM. The interpretations of MRI and muscle biopsy were compared with the definite diagnosis (based on European Neuromuscular Centre criteria and response to corticosteroids). Results: The false negative rate (FNR) of all muscle biopsies was 0.23. Biopsies of a muscle showing hyperintensity on MRI (as triage test) had an FNR of 0.19. The result of MRI as an add‐on test in patients with a nondiagnostic muscle biopsy decreased the FNR from 0.23 to 0.06. Conclusions: We recommend both MRI and muscle biopsy in patients suspected of having IIM. Muscle Nerve 51: 253–258, 2015
Influence of reaction parameters on the structure of in situ rubber/silica compounds synthesized via sol–gel reaction
Authors: Miloskovska Elena , Nies Erik , Hristova‐Bogaerds Denka , van Duin Martin , de With Gijsbertus 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTIn situ silica was synthesized in three non‐vulcanized rubber matrices, namely natural rubber, styrene‐butadiene rubber, and EPDM (ethylene‐propylene diene ter‐polymer), using the sol–gel method with tetra‐ethoxysilane (TEOS) as silica precursor and hexylamine as catalyst. The effect of the reaction parameters such as the amount of TEOS, the reaction time (15–120 min), and the type of rubber was explored. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the gradient in silica content and particle size over the sample thickness. The diffusion gradient of TEOS and catalyst solution in the rubber matrix responsible for the gradient was studied with Fick's law. An excellent dispersion of silica was obtained for all rubbers, even for the very non‐polar EPDM, without the use of any additives to improve the dispersion. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 967–978
Making sense from Big RDF Data: OUSAF for measuring ontology usage
Authors: Ashraf Jamshaid , Hussain Omar Khadeer , Hussain Farookh Khadeer 
Published: June 2014

SummaryRecent growth and advancements in the Semantic Web have shifted the research focus from being knowledge‐centered to data‐centered. This has led to the increased use of ontologies to structurally represent the data, thereby generating huge amounts of RDF data, which we term Big RDF Data. Nevertheless, the literature lacks the tools to analyze Big RDF Data and make sense of it. Access to such tools would enable pragmatic inputs and insights for users in respect of such tasks as the usage and adoption of Ontologies, their uptake by different users in the community, and the identification of prevalent patterns. This analysis, which we term Ontology Usage, is important from the viewpoint of users who need informed inputs in the various stages of the ontology engineering lifecycle, such as ontology evolution, ontology population, and ontology deployment. In this paper, we propose the Ontology USage Analysis F̌ramework (OUSAF), which performs analysis of Ontology Usage on Big RDF Data and synthesizes the usage knowledge acquired. OUSAF provides a methodological approach to performing the various phases such as identifying, analyzing, representing, and utilizing the Ontology usage results from Big RDF Data. We describe in detail each of those phases and the metrics required to perform the analysis of each phase. The utilization of the OUSAF results obtained by users such as data publishers and ontology developers is demonstrated by a dataset collected in the e‐business domain. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.