bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of preventive dental practice for children among final‐year dental students inNigeria
Authors: Folayan Morenike O. , Khami Mohammad R. , Folaranmi Nkiru , Orenuga Omolola , Popoola Bamidele O. , O. Olatosi Olubukola , Ligali Taofeek O. , Sofola Oyinkan O. , Adeniyi Abiola A. , Esan Ayo , Osaguona Antony 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundThis study aims to identify the determinants of caries prevention‐oriented practice for children among final‐year dental students inNigeria.MethodA questionnaire was distributed to 179 final‐year dental students in six dental schools in Nigeria. It requested information on age, gender, knowledge of caries prevention measures, self‐perceived competency in providing caries‐preventive care for children, and caries prevention‐oriented practice for two hypothetical cases with high and low risk of caries. Chi‐squares tests and logistic regression analysis were done.ResultsBetween 24% and 41% of the respondents indicated their inability to determine the appropriate treatment modality for children with high and low caries risk. Majority of the students failed to differentiate between the caries‐preventive practice for children with high and low risk of caries: preventive strategies for children with high caries risk were also used for those with low caries risk. Age, gender, knowledge of caries prevention measures, and self‐perceived competency in providing caries‐preventive care were not associated with student's capacity to provide caries‐preventive practice for children.ConclusionCaries‐preventive practice among dental students in Nigeria could be improved. It may be important to explore the possible role of problem‐based learning approach in addressing this challenge.
Food allergy update: more than a peanut of a problem
Authors: Husain Zain , Schwartz Robert A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFood allergies have become a significant medical and legal concern for children worldwide, as there is a rising incidence of potentially fatal hypersensitivity reactions. The most common foods implicated include cow milk, wheat, egg, soy, peanut, tree nuts such as walnuts, hazelnuts, almonds, cashews, pecans, and pistachios, fish and shellfish. The majority of food allergies represent an IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity reaction to specific proteins found in foods. Peanut allergy, in particular, is a significant food allergy responsible for the majority of patients with food‐induced anaphylaxis. Even trace quantities to food proteins in the sensitized individual can lead to fatal reactions. There is often a rapid onset of symptoms after exposure, with prominent cutaneous findings of urticaria, angioedema, or diffuse nonspecific dermatitis. The majority of children outgrow allergies to milk, soy, egg, and wheat. However, allergy to peanuts, tree nuts, and seafood are usually lifelong conditions, as few outgrow it. Children with food allergies and their families should be knowledgeable of management strategies for the condition, including carrying and properly administering self‐injectable epinephrine. New immunotherapeutic options are being investigated and appear promising.
Topical delivery of triamcinolone via skin pretreated with ablative radiofrequency: a new method in hypertrophic scar treatment
Authors: Issa Maria C. A. , Kassuga Luiza E. B. P. , Chevrand Natalia S. , Pires Marianna T. F. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundEpidermal permeability alterations induced by ablative fractional resurfacing and low‐frequency ultrasound technology may offer drug delivery for the treatment of hypertrophic scars through transepidermal drug delivery (TED). This technology can improve treatment efficacy and minimize side effects.ObjectiveTo evaluate clinical response and side effects of TED technology in hypertrophic scars in the body and on the face using ablative fractional radiofrequency (RF) associated with low‐frequency acoustic pressure ultrasound (US).MethodsFour patients with hypertrophic scars were treated with triamcinolone using fractional ablative RF and US. The treatment procedure comprised three steps: (i) ablative fractional RF for skin perforation; (ii) topical application of triamcinolone acetonide 20 mg/ml on the perforated skin; and (iii) acoustic pressure wave US applied to enhance triamcinolone penetration into the skin.ResultsComplete resolution was seen after one session in patients with scars on the nose and mandibular area. The scar on the neck showed complete resolution after four sessions. The scar on the knee showed a marked improvement after four sessions. Mild and homogeneous atrophy was observed in hypertrophic scars on the neck.ConclusionAblative fractional RF associated with acoustic pressure US is a new technology aiming to increase drug delivery into skin. This new method can improve the efficacy of steroids in hypertrophic scar treatment, minimizing the risks of localized atrophy and irregular appearance of the treated lesion.
Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome in a patient with melanoma and a novel mutation in the FCLN gene
Authors: Mota‐Burgos Ana , Acosta Enrique Herrera , Márquez Francisco Vílchez , Mendiola Matilde , Herrera‐Ceballos Enrique 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBirt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHDS) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by the presence of three skin tumors (fibrofolliculomas, trichodiscomas, and acrochordons), together with an increased risk for other tumors, especially renal tumors, caused by a mutation in folliculin, an oncogene suppressor protein. The association of this syndrome with melanoma is very unusual. We report the case of a 54‐year‐old man with a history of melanoma who had multiple white facial papules. His son also presented similar facial lesions. Histopathologic study showed fibrofolliculomas. These clinical and histopathologic features suggested the diagnosis of BHDS. Genetic study revealed a novel heterozygous mutation p.S185P in exon 6 of the FLCN gene. To date, the association between melanoma and BHDS has rarely been described. As the pathogenic mechanism responsible for melanoma seems to be the same as that responsible for neoplasms in BHDS, the authors consider the melanoma a manifestation of BHDS. Thus, during the periodic follow‐up of patients with BHDS, we recommend periodic exhaustive skin examination and excisional biopsy of any suspicious pigmented lesion.
An investigation of turbulent accelerated flow along smooth prismatic chutes
Authors: Mohamed Hassan Ibrahim 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTurbulent chute flow was investigated experimentally and numerically for various flow conditions. The Navier‐Stokes equations are solved with the k − ε turbulence model on a structured non‐orthogonal grid. A method based on water continuity was used to calculate the movement of the water surface. Using an adaptive grid in the vertical direction, the location of the water surface was recalculated from an initially horizontal profile. After several iterations a steady solution emerged. The velocity distribution in longitudinal and vertical directions and pressure distribution along the chute were calculated. The numerical model was calibrated and verified using experimental data model studies. Reasonable agreement was found between the experimental results and that from the numerical model. Multiple‐regression equation was developed for computing the water surface profile along chute.
Emergency nurses' experiences of caring for survivors of intimate partner violence
Authors: van der Wath Annatjie , van Wyk Neltjie , Janse van Rensburg Elsie 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAimTo report a study of emergency nurses' experiences of caring for survivors of intimate partner violence.BackgroundEmergency nurses have the opportunity to intervene during the period following exposure to intimate partner violence when survivors are most receptive for interventions. The confrontation with the trauma of intimate partner violence can, however, affect emergency nurses' ability to engage empathetically with survivors, which is fundamental to all interventions.DesignThe research was guided by the philosophical foundations of phenomenology as founded by Husserl.MethodA descriptive phenomenological inquiry grounded in Husserlian philosophy was used. The phenomenological reductions were applied throughout data collection and analysis. During 2010, concrete descriptions were obtained from interviewing 11 nurses working in emergency units of two public hospitals in an urban setting in South Africa. To arrive at a description of the essence, the data were analysed by searching for the meaning given to the experience of caring for survivors of intimate partner violence.FindingsEmergency nurses in South Africa are often witnesses of the emotional and physical effects of intimate partner violence. Exposure to the vulnerability and suffering of survivors elicits sympathy and emotional distress. Emergency nurses are left with the emotional impact and disruptive and recurrent memories.ConclusionExploring the tacit internal experiences related to caring for survivors of intimate partner violence revealed emergency nurses' vulnerability to the effects of secondary traumatic stress. The findings generated an opportunity to develop guidelines through which to support and empower emergency nurses.
Expression levels of 10 candidate genes in lung tissue of vaccinated and TB‐infected cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Roodgar Morteza , Lackner Andrew , Kaushal Deepak , Sankaran Sumathi , Dandekar Satya , Satkoski Trask Jessica , Drake Christiana , Smith David Glenn 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe expression of ten tuberculosis candidate genes in lung and lymph nodes of cynomologus macaques vaccinated and experimentally infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) was quantified. The expression of TNFα, IL10, IL1β, TLR4, IL17, IL6, IL12, and iNOS in the lungs of vaccinated animals was higher than that of non‐vaccinated animals.
Early life stress‐induced histone acetylations correlate with activation of the synaptic plasticity genes Arc and Egr1 in the mouse hippocampus
Authors: Xie Lan , Korkmaz Kemal Sami , Braun Katharina , Bock Jörg 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEarly life stress (ELS) programs the developing organism and influences the development of brain and behavior. We tested the hypothesis that ELS‐induced histone acetylations might alter the expression of synaptic plasticity genes that are critically involved in the establishment of limbic brain circuits. Maternal separation (MS) from postnatal day 14–16 was applied as ELS and two immediate early genes underlying experience‐induced synaptic plasticity, Arc and early growth response 1 (Egr1) were analyzed. We show here that repeated ELS induces a rapid increase of Arc and Egr1 in the mouse hippocampus. Furthermore, immunoblotting revealed that these changes are paralleled by histone modifications, reflected by increased acetylation levels of H3 and H4. Most importantly, using native Chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative PCR (nChIP‐qPCR), we show for the first time a correlation between elevated histone acetylation and increased Arc and Egr1 expression in response to ELS. These rapid epigenetic changes are paralleled by increases of dendritic complexity and spine number of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons in ELS animals at weaning age. Our results are in line with our working hypothesis that ELS induces activation of synaptic plasticity genes, mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. These events are assumed to represent early steps in the adaption of neuronal networks to a stressful environment.
After‐hours on‐call: The effect on paediatricians' spouses and families
Authors: Emmett Brierley M , Dovey Susan M , Wheeler Benjamin J 
Published: February 2013

AimThe after‐hours or on‐call component of a paediatrician's work has implications for their spouse and family. Little is known about the specifics and extent of this impact. We aimed to understand the potential positive and negative impacts of this important aspect of a paediatrician's work.MethodsThe spouses (nine female and one male) of 10 practising paediatricians, who are providing care in a variety of hospital settings within New Zealand, were interviewed using an open‐questioning technique. Interviews were analysed by a qualitative line‐by‐line thematic method in order to categorise the perceived impact of their spouses' on‐call work on themselves and their families.ResultsParticipants reported multiple effects of after‐hours on‐call on themselves, their paediatrician partners and their families. Negative themes included sleep deprivation, restrictions on life‐style and living location (specifically home proximity to hospital), spousal sacrifice, intimacy and communication challenges, and diminished quality time with children. Positive themes highlighted professional rewards, financial security and adaptability. Themes were consistent across age, length of relationship, spousal occupation and the presence of children. The intensity of these impacts for our participants appeared to vary depending on the degree of marital support and frequency of on‐call.ConclusionAfter‐hours on‐call has a generally negative impact on paediatricians' spouses and families.
Mental health nurse prescribing: using a constructivist approach to investigate the nurse–patient relationship
Authors: Ross J. D. , Clarke A. , Kettles A. M. 
Published: February 2013

Accessible summary
Prescribing medication was previously the monopoly of medical doctors but in recent years suitably qualified mental health nurses among others, have been authorized to prescribe.
The nurse–patient relationship is considered paramount in mental health nursing but some mental health nurses are concerned that prescribing may somehow conflict with this relationship. However there has been little reported on the views of mental health nurse prescribers and their clients.
In this study clients and other stakeholders from one National Health Service Foundation Trust were interviewed or participated in a focus group regarding their experiences of nurses prescribing medication.
Clients in this study believed that nurse prescribing was working well and they were satisfied having their medication prescribed by their nurse. Nurse prescribers believed that their prescribing was well received by their clients and by other professionals.
AbstractNurse prescribing has been embraced in many areas of nursing, but less so in mental health. Relatively few studies have been published in this field with even fewer asking clients who have their medication prescribed by a mental health nurse about their views. This paper reports findings concerning the mental health nurse prescriber–patient relationship. It draws on data from a qualitative study, which was undertaken in one mental health National Health Service Foundation Trust in England to ascertain the views of clients and other stakeholders (nurse prescribers, pharmacist prescribers, nurse managers and doctors) about nurse prescribing. Data were collected by interview (either face to face or telephone) or focus group. Following Framework analysis, findings revealed that clients liked to have their nurse prescribe for them as they valued the pre‐established relationship. They also valued the consistency of seeing the same person and the relative ease of access to appointments. Doctors and nurse managers were aware of positive feedback from clients. Nurse prescribers believed that nurse prescribing provided an enhanced service to clients.
Hydroid assemblages across the Atlantic–Mediterranean boundary: is the Strait of Gibraltar a marine ecotone?
Authors: González‐Duarte Manuel M. , Megina Cesar , Piraino Stefano , Cervera Juan L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractStrong gradients in physico‐chemical properties between abutting water masses create prominent transition zones in the marine environment. The Strait of Gibraltar forms the well defined boundary between the Mediterranean and Atlantic, and this paper examines spatial variation of hydroid assemblages in this transition zone. Although several studies highlighted the transitional character of the Strait and defined it as an ecotone, the benthic hydroid assemblages did not show differences between the Gulf of Cádiz and the Alboran Sea. However, there is an asymmetrical influence of the Atlantic waters on the coastal benthic ecosystems of the Alboran Sea, which maintains a more Mediterranean character in the hydroid assemblages of the northern coast, whereas a more Atlantic character was found in the rest of the studied sites. The transition zone between Atlantic and Mediterranean benthic communities could be associated with an Atlantic Influence Zone rather than with the Strait of Gibraltar itself.
Mass spawning events, seasonality and reproductive features in Milleporids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Reunion Island
Authors: Bourmaud Chloé Annie‐France , Leung Julia Ka Lai , Bollard Stéphanie , Gravier‐Bonnet Nicole 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThree species of fire corals are present on the fringing coral reefs of Reunion Island (SW Indian Ocean): Millepora exaesa, Millepora platyphylla and Millepora tenera. Compared with scleractinian corals, reproduction studies on milleporids are scarce and this is the first study to be conducted in the Indian Ocean and on M. exaesa. We used a combination of weekly in situ observations and laboratory studies to document reproductive stages and phenology. The sexual reproductive period was the austral summer (Nov–Jan), the maturation of the colonies being correlated to the seasonal increasing water temperature. We describe both ampullae and short‐lived medusae (medusoids), and report differences in the size and density of ampullae and the distribution of nematocysts in the medusoids of the three species. The absence of radial and circular canals in all medusoids agrees with the original description but not with the current diagnosis of the family Milleporidae. We observed the first mass spawning event in M. exaesa and M. platyphylla, and provide the first description of a zooxanthellate Millepora larva. Spawning always began before dark but was not correlated with the lunar or tidal cycles. Millepora tenera colonies released several batches of medusoids during the reproductive period, suggesting that this species may be a serial spawner.
Biodiversity and distribution patterns of planktonic cnidarians in San Matías Gulf, Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Guerrero Elena , Gili Josep‐María , Rodriguez Carolina , Araujo Enilma M. , Canepa Antonio , Calbet Albert , Genzano Gabriel , Mianzan Hermes W. , González Raúl A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe special location (40–42°S in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean) and the hydrodynamic regime (limited water exchange with open ocean) in San Matías Gulf (Argentina) seem to produce a particular fauna of planktonic cnidarians whose their abundances are mainly shaped by the Gulf circulation. Four oceanographic cruises, covering 93 stations in three different seasons during 2007 and 2008 were carried out to quantify species richness and abundance, as well as to analyse the distribution of these cnidarians. We identified 20 species of hydromedusae and one siphonophore, increasing the total number of hydromedusae for the area to 23. This value is similar to the one found in the abutting Argentine continental shelf (20), but with a different assemblage composition. Hydromedusae abundances found were low, except for a bloom of the Leptomedusa Obelia spp. during the cold season. The only siphonophore found in the area, Pyrostephos vanhoeffeni, has previously been thought to be endemic to Antarctic and sub‐Antarctic waters, this being the first record for temperate waters of the Southwest Atlantic Ocean.
Description of a new hydromedusa from the southwesternAtlanticOcean,Bougainvillia pagesisp. nov. (Cnidaria,Hydrozoa,Anthoathecata)
Authors: Nogueira Miodeli , Rodriguez Carolina S. , Mianzan Hermes , Haddad Maria A. , Genzano Gabriel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA new hydromedusa species of the genusBougainvillia(Anthoathecata; Bougainvillidae) is described.Bougainvillia pagesisp. nov. was collected in shallow coastal waters from southern Brazil (~25–26°S) and northern Argentina (~36–38°S). It differs from other species of the genus mainly by two characters: (i) relatively large size (up to ~20 mm wide and high) and (ii) voluminous folded hanging gonads at perradial walls of the manubrium and extending to the proximal region of the radial canals. Its cnidoma is similar to the other species of the genus, with desmonemes (undischarged capsules: 7.08–10.01 × 2.5–5.59 μm) at marginal tentacles and microbasic euryteles (undischarged capsules: 7.66–11.44 × 2.64–4.43 μm) and smaller (undischarged capsules <2 μm) desmonemes at oral tentacles.
Trophic role of ambush‐foraging hydromedusae in the White Sea
Authors: Prudkovsky Andrey A. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the trophic role of three ambush‐feeding hydromedusae inhabiting the White Sea, both in the natural environment (in the sea) and in an experimental system in the laboratory. Aglantha digitale (up to 35 ind.·m−3), Bougainvillia superciliaris (up to 4 ind.·m−3), and Sarsia tubulosa (up to 50 ind.·m−3) were the most abundant hydromedusae species apart from Obelia spp. There was a variety of zooplankton prey in the stomachs of ambush‐foraging medusae in the sea. A prey selection index C (Pearre ) was positive and significant for copepod prey and cirriped nauplii (B. superciliaris and S. tubulosa), copepods, cladocerans and chaetognath eggs (A. digitale). In laboratory experiments, A. digitale was poor at capturing cirriped larvae. It may be that a deficiency in desmoneme nematocysts prevents A. digitale from retaining this prey. Diet, ingestion and digestion rates of these three ambush‐foraging medusae did not agree completely. It appears that A. digitale has a shorter digestion time compared with the anthomedusae. Individual predation rates in the sea were low for A. digitale in comparison with anthomedusae. Bougainvillia superciliaris cleared 0.018–0.06 l ind.−1 h−1 with Oithona similis nauplii as a food source in an experimental setting. The average predation rate of medusae in the sea was in the range of experimental values. The prey with the latest onset of reproduction, such as eurythermic copepods, were the most affected by medusae predation. Also, anthomedusae feeding substantially increased mortality rates for cirriped larvae due to high selectivity for this prey.
Shallow‐water benthic hydroids from the Maltese Islands (Central Mediterranean)
Authors: Soto Àngel Joan J. , Peña Cantero Álvaro L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractForty species of benthic hydroids, belonging to 15 families and 21 genera, were found in a collection, obtained by SCUBA diving, from the Maltese Islands. Paradoxically for the well studied Mediterranean region, the hydroid fauna of these islands is virtually unexplored. Of 40 species, 33 were identified to species level, with 28 of them reported for the first time for the study area. Hydractinia monocarpa is recorded for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea, and a presumed new species of the genus Clytia has been found. The most speciose families are Campanulariidae with 10 species (25%), Aglaopheniidae with six species (15%) and Sertulariidae with five species (12%). Aglaophenia and Clytia are the most diverse genera, both with six species (15%). A problem with respect to subspecies of Sertularella ellisi is resolved based on nematocyst observations. In terms of geographic distribution, eight species (24%) are endemic to the Mediterranean Sea, this number increases to 16 species (48%) when including those restricted to Mediterranean and nearby Atlantic waters, whereas the remaining species have wider distributions.