bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rural School In The Context Of Community-Led Local Development*
Authors: Hudečková H. , Husák J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper is based on the general concept of knowledge society and deals with regional development theories which emphasize local environment as an important part of rural development. The following two questions were studied: (1) What is the early experience of municipalities when establishing a Community School? (2) In which other municipalities would it be possible and appropriate to build such a school? For this purpose, both secondary and primary research methods were combined with data collection techniques – document study, observation, and questioning. Because the examined problem is set in the context of community-led local development (CLLD), violation of the ‘bottom-up’ approach principle is also highlighted. The paper presents the first experiences in the establishment of seven Community Schools within the Pilsen region and based on them also recommendations for the feasibility and suitability of establishing this type of school in other rural municipalities. The results show that the educational sector is not assisting in the modernization of rural schools with regard to community education and that the possibility of the contemporary and meaningful existence of schools in small rural municipalities remains ignored.
Analysis of a Turbine Blade Failure in a Military Turbojet Engine
Authors: Sahoo Benudhar , Satpathy R. K. , Panigrahi S. K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper deals with failure analysis of a low-pressure turbine blade of a straight flow turbojet engine. The blade is made of a wrought precipitation hardened Nickel base superalloy with oxidation-resistant diffusion aluminizing coating. The failure mode is found to be fatigue with multiple cracks inside the blade having crack origin at metal carbides. In addition to the damage in the coating, carbide banding has been observed in few blades. Carbide banding may be defined as inclusions in the form of highly elongated along deformation direction. The size, shape and banding of carbides and their location critically affect the failure of blades. Carbon content needs to be optimized to reduce interdendritic segregation and thereby provide improved fatigue and stress rupture life. Hence, optimization of size, shape and distribution of carbides in the billet and forging parameters during manufacturing of blade play a vital role to eliminate/reduce extent of banding. Reference micrographs as acceptance criteria are essential for evaluation of raw material and blade. There is a need to define the acceptance criteria for carbide bandings and introduce more sensitive ultrasonic check during billet and on finished blade inspection.
Immunization with 3-oxododecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone-r-PcrV conjugate enhances survival of mice against lethal burn infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Golpasha Isar Dejban , Mousavi Seyed Fazlollah , Owlia Parviz , Siadat Seyed Davar , Irani Shiva 
Published: May 2015

Quorum Sensing and type III secretion system play an important role in the virulence of Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa in burn wound infections. We aimed to explore the feasibility of using 3-oxo-C12-HSL-r-PcrV conjugate as a candidate vaccine against P. aeruginosa caused infections. 3-oxo-C12-HSL-r-PcrV conjugate was prepared and used for immunization of mice (10 μg, subcutaneous, three times, at 2-week intervals). Mice were divided into five groups: I: PcrV; II: 3-oxo-C12-HSL-r-PcrV (10 μg); III: 3-oxo-C12-HSL-r-PcrV (20 μg); IV: 3-oxo-C12-HSL; and V: PBS receiving groups. After each shot of immunization, total and isotype antibody responses against corresponding antigen were measured to determine the immunization efficacy. One month after the last immunization, all groups were burned and challenged subeschar with P. aeruginosa PAO1. Survival rate and bacterial quantity in the skin and internal organs (liver and spleen) were evaluated 25-hr after burn infection. Immunization with 3-oxo-C12-HSL-r-PcrV significantly increased total IgG and specific subclass antibodies (IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgM) in the serum of the groups II and III compared to the control group (p<0.001). While all the control mice (PBS injected group) died within 2 days after bacterial challenge, 64% of the group I, 78% of group II, and 86% of group III, survived within 14 days after challenge. Interestingly, bacterial burden in the liver and spleen of 3-oxo-C12-HSL-r-PcrV injected group (III) was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.001). The present study proposed two-component vaccine to inhibit Pseudomonas infections in burned mouse.
Study and Application of Forced Convection in Road Bus Heating System
Authors: Biazus Scheila Sandi , Altafini Carlos Roberto 
Published: May 2015

This work deals with a replacing the heating system of intercity buses, made by long heat exchangers distributed on the sides of the passenger saloon by small and compact ones that use forced convection to heat dissipation. At the beginning the calculation was made of the heat capacity of a heat exchanger with the parameters defined by the supplier, and then conducted an analysis of change in these parameters in order to improve its efficiency. The method for examining the heat exchanger is based on the correlations available in the convection flow inside and outside to determine the respective convective coefficients, and therefore the overall coefficient of heat transfer. Following, the heat exchanger in its original form, was tested on bench. Thus, from the thermal load of the bus model studied, the amount of exchangers required has been defined to satisfy the thermal comfort of passengers. Field tests of the heating systems with new heat exchangers were performed to obtain actual data of the proposed system. The original factory system showed to be efficient in meeting the needs thermal load and economically viable, such that the critical thermal load can be met with ten heaters installed along the body. Furthermore, this system offers the possibility of varying the parameters to best fit to the project, where the flow variation of the fans or the spacing between the fins of the heat exchanger decreases the amount of heaters required. At the same time, the system showed the need for further study to assess its distribution along the passenger saloon in order to meet a best uniformity temperature distribution. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v3iss1p29
Reliability analysis of the results of RTN GNSS surveys of building structures using indirect methods of measurement
Authors: Krzyżek Robert 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper presents accuracy characteristics of determining the position of corners of building structures with RTN GNSS surveying, using indirect methods of measurement. The studies included the following methods: a point on a straight line, intersection of straight lines and distance-distance intersection. The research experiment analyzed the coordinates of the corners of building structures obtained from the surveys and the mean errors of their position as well as mutual relationships of check measurements, or tie distances. The accuracy analysis also took into account base errors determined in real time. Statistical analysis of these parameters was carried out, as a result of which a distance-distance intersection method was very well rated. For other methods, the results were diversified. The article also emphasizes a need to search for other solutions to modernize the indirect methods of measurement in such a way that their use in RTN GNSS surveys would give results most probable when compared to the real ones.
Influence of Storage on Briquettes Mechanical Properties
Authors: Brožek M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The effects of the storage place, placing manner, and storage time on mechanical properties of briquettes made from birch chips were laboratorily tested. A unique methodology developed by the present author enabling a relatively easy assessment of mechanical properties of the briquettes is described. The briquettes properties were evaluated by their density and rupture force determination. From the test results it follows that if the briquettes are stored in a well closed plastic bag, neither the place nor the storage time influence significantly their life time. When stored in a net plastic bag, the briquettes get seriously damaged, namely depending on their storage place and storage time.
Surgically Induced Astigmatism Assessment: Comparison Between Three Corneal Measuring Devices
Authors: Ofir Shay , Abulafia Adi , Kleinmann Guy , Reitblat Olga , Assia Ehud I. 
Published: May 2015

PURPOSE:
To compare the findings of three corneal measuring devices for calculating surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) during cataract extraction.

METHODS:
Patients’ records were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients who had corneal astigmatism measurements before and at least 1 month after cataract surgery through 2.4-mm corneal incisions by all three tested devices (Lenstar LS900, Haag-Streit, Koeniz, Switzerland; IOLMaster 500, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA; and Atlas topographer, Carl Zeiss Meditec). Vector analysis was used to calculate the SIA for each measuring device.

RESULTS:

Seventy eyes of 49 patients were included. All three measuring devices had similar SIA results: the median SIAs were 0.45 diopters (D) for the Lenstar, 0.41 D for the IOLMaster, and 0.47 D for the Atlas topographer (
P
= .884).

CONCLUSIONS:
The three evaluated anterior corneal measuring devices produced similar results in measuring SIA.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(4):244–247.]
Role of Percent Tissue Altered on Ectasia After LASIK in Eyes With Suspicious Topography
Authors: Santhiago Marcony R. , Smadja David , Wilson Steven E. , Krueger Ronald R. , Monteiro Mario L. R. , Randleman J. Bradley 
Published: May 2015

PURPOSE:
To investigate the association of the percent tissue altered (PTA) with the occurrence of ectasia after LASIK in eyes with suspicious preoperative corneal topography.

METHODS:
This retrospective comparative case–control study compared associations of reported ectasia risk factors in 129 eyes, including 57 eyes with suspicious preoperative Placido-based corneal topography that developed ectasia after LASIK (suspect ectasia group), 32 eyes with suspicious topography that remained stable for at least 3 years after LASIK (suspect control group), and 30 eyes that developed ectasia with bilateral normal topography (normal topography ectasia group). Groups were subdivided based on topographic asymmetry into high- or low-suspect groups. The PTA, preoperative central corneal thickness (CCT), residual stromal bed (RSB), and age (years) were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS:

Average PTA values for normal topography ectasia (45), low-suspect ectasia (39), high-suspect ectasia (36), low-suspect control (32), and high-suspect control (29) were significantly different from one another in all comparisons (
P
< .003) except high- and low-suspect ectasia groups (
P
= .033), and presented the highest discriminative capability of all variables evaluated. Age was only significantly different between the high-suspect ectasia and normal topography ectasia groups, and CCT was not significantly different between any groups. Stepwise logistic regression revealed the PTA as the most significant independent variable (
P
< .0001), with RSB the next most significant parameter.

CONCLUSIONS:
There remains a significant correlation between PTA values and ectasia risk after LASIK, even in eyes with suspicious corneal topography. Less tissue alteration, or a lower PTA value, was necessary to induce ectasia in eyes with more remarkable signs of topographic abnormality, and PTA provided better discriminative capabilities than RSB for all study populations.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015:31(4):258–265.]
Examination of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Acetylcholine Receptors in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Patients
Authors: Marshall-Gradisnik Sonya , Smith Peter , Nilius Bernd , Staines Donald R. 
Published: May 2015

Objective Chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME) is a disorder characterized by debilitating fatigue accompanied by pain and impairments in memory, cognition, and concentration. Acetylcholine (ACh) has a plethora of roles in neuronal and neuromuscular transmission. There are two types of ACh receptors, muscarinic and nicotinic, comprising 17 different subunits of the nicotinic ACh receptor (nAChR) and five different subtypes of the muscarinic receptor (mAChR) that have been identified in humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of ACh receptor (nAChRs and mAChRs) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in CFS/ME patients. Methods One-hundred and fifteen CFS/ME patients (age = 48.68 ± 1.06 years) and 90 nonfatigued controls (age = 46.48 ± 1.22 years) participated in this study, where CFS/ME patients were defined according to the 1994 Center for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC) criteria. A total of 464 SNPs for nine mammalian ACh receptor genes ( M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, alpha 2, 5, 7, and 10) were examined via the Agena Biosciences iPLEX Gold assay. Statistical analysis was performed using the PLINK analysis software. Results Seventeen SNPs were significantly associated with CFS/ME patients compared with the controls. Nine of these SNPs were associated with mAChRM3 (rs4463655; P = 0.00281, rs589962; P = 0.00348, rs1072320; P = 0.00371, rs7543259; P = 0.00513, rs6661621; P = 0.00536 rs7520974; P = 0.0167, rs726169; P = 0.02349, rsrs6669810; P = 0.02361, rsrs6429157; P = 0.0375), while the remainder were associated with nAChR alpha 10 (rs2672211; P = 0.0107, rs2672214; P = 0.0108, rs2741868; P = 0.01185, rs2741870; P = 0.01281, rs2741862; P = 0.03043), alpha 5 (rs951266; P = 0.01153; rs7180002, P = 0.03682), and alpha 2 (rs2565048; P = 0.01403). Conclusion The data from this pilot study suggest an association between ACh receptors, predominantly M3 and CFS. ACh receptor SNPs may contribute to the pathomechanism of CFS/ME.
Model Orthopaedic Surgical Skills Curriculum for Fourth Year Medical Students
Authors: Wooster Benjamin Matthew , Carstensen Samuel Evan , Johnson James E , Stubbs Allston Julius 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Musculoskeletal education in medical schools throughout the United States is inconsistent. Furthermore, formal surgical skill training in medical school is often lacking. Consequently, orthopaedic surgery residents in the United States are faced with a unique challenge as they transition from medical student to house officer in comparison to their peers pursuing more generalized specialties. In response, we designed and successfully implemented an innovative month long elective at Wake Forest University School of Medicine for fourth year medical students who were in the process of applying to ortho paedic surgery residency programs. This course provides medical students with an introduction to the basic skills and common surgical approaches that are commonly utilized early in orthopaedic surgery residency and beyond. While longi tudinal data are needed, we believe this novel month long elective will allow the transition from medical student to house officer to be a smoother and more seamless process.
Wooster BM, Carstensen SE, Johnson JE, Stubbs AJ. Model Orthopaedic Surgical Skills Curriculum for Fourth Year Medical Students. The Duke Orthop J 2015;5(1):15.
All other authors report no declarations of interest.
Wound Issues after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Dennis Douglas A 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Wound healing problems following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are infrequent, but if present may lead to devastating results. Occurrence may be minimized by modifying patient risk factors, proper selection of skin incisions, and using operative techniques that protect soft tissues. When wound complications arise, prompt management is imperative to assure the best outcome after TKA.
Jennings JM, Dennis DA. Wound Issues after Total Knee Arthroplasty. The Duke Orthop J 2015;5(1):10-13.
Failed Back Surgery Syndrome and Back Pain Patients: Medications They use and How They relate to Their Emotional and Physical Functioning
Authors: Blizzard Daniel J , Gallizzi Michael A , Gagnon Christine M , Stanos Steven P 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTStudy DesignRetrospective analysis.ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) patients and nonsurgical back pain (NSBP) patients respond differently on psychological measures and differ in pain medication usage.Summary of background dataThe study was part of an inter disciplinary outpatient functional restoration program. There were 121 participants—42 with FBSS and 79 with NSBP—who participated in a multidisciplinary pain evaluation.MethodsA chart review was performed and interventions were not applicable. The outcome measures for the study include: the beck depression inventory (BDI), pain disability index (PDI), statetrait anxiety inventory (STAI), multidimen sional pain inventory pain severity (MPIPS) subscale and medication quantification scale III (MQS-III).ResultsPearson's correlation analyses of all patients com bined (28 FBSS and 39 NSBP) revealed significant relationships between MQS-III and BDI (r = 0.388, p < 0.01) and STAI (r = 0.323, p < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between MQS-III and STAI (r = 0.536, p < 0.05) among the NSBP patients. The MQS-III was significantly correlated with BDI (r = 0.536, p < 0.05) and MPI-PS t-scores (r = 0.356, p < 0.05) among the 40 NSBP patients. Independent ttests of mean BDI, PDI, STAI, MPIPS, and MQS-III scores revealed no significant group differences.ConclusionResults suggest that while there is differing cor relation between FBSS and NSBP groups in pain medication use and psychometrics, the mean difference of quantity of pain medications used and scores on psychometric measure ments in these groups are not different. While presurgical psychometrics and pain medication usage were not available for our FBSS patients, our results support that medication quantification with psychological prescreening before surgical intervention for back pain patients may help to limit the number of failed back surgeries. Thus, future research including pre and postsurgical psychological functioning, physical functioning, and pain medication usage is suggested.Gallizzi MA, Gagnon CM, Blizzard DJ, Stanos SP. Failed Back Surgery Syndrome and Back Pain Patients: Medications They use and How They relate to Their Emotional and Physical Functioning. The Duke Orthop J 2015;5(1):53-57.
Current Trends in the Management of Lumbar Spine Injuries in Athletes
Authors: Blizzard Daniel J , Gallizzi Michael A , Kleeman Lindsay T , Erickson Melissa M 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Lumbar spine injuries are prevalent among athletes and are likely to increase with the rising popularity of extreme sports. It is important for physicians to understand the basic anatomy of the lumbar spine along with the injury patterns that can occur with axial loading, hyperflexion and flexion-distraction forces. The majority of low back injuries in athletes are due to muscle strains and rarely need further treatment. Athletes that are subjected to repetitive hyperextension forces are at risk for spondylolysis with or without spondylolisthesis which requires further imaging to determine need for surgical intervention. Lumbar disk herniations are usually from axial forces and can be result in surgical emergencies, if they cause compression on the spinal cord or conus. Lumbar spine fractures can vary from stress fractures of the endplates to burst fractures or fracture-dislocations which require surgical intervention, if associated with neurologic deficit or instability. Similar to the management of cervical spine injuries, patients with a suspected lumbar injury should be evaluated systematically with full spine precautions and careful neurologic examination to determine need for transfer to higher care center.
Gallizzi MA, Kleeman LT, Blizzard DJ, Erickson MM. Current Trends in the Management of Lumbar Spine Injuries in Athletes. The Duke Orthop J 2015;5(1):63-67.
Lipoma in Thenar Region
Authors: Peswani Rahul , Chandrakar BL , Thakkar Rakesh , Desai Ankit Arunbhai 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT
Lipomas can be found anywhere in the body, with the majority being located in the head and neck region, as well as the back and abdomen. Lipomas are one of the most common benign, mesenchymal neoplasms. They may progress in size overtime and they may or may not be painful. They may be superficial or deep. Deep soft-tissue lipomas of the hand are rare. Among them, thenar intramuscular lipomas are very rare. We are reporting case of thenar intramuscular lipoma.
Desai AA, Chandrakar BL, Thakkar R, Peswani R. Lipoma in Thenar Region. The Duke Orthop J 2015;5(1):68-69.
Identification of Implanted Mesh After Incisional Hernia Repair Using an Automated Breast Volume Scanner
Authors: Wu Jun , Wang Yuanyuan , Yu Jinhua , Chen Yue , Pang Yun , Diao Xuehong , Qiu Zhiying 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the utility of an automated breast volume scanner (ABVS) versus handheld ultrasound (US) for identifying implanted mesh after incisional hernia repair.MethodsIn vitro, the appearances of 3 samples of different flat mesh and a mesh plug on both ABVS and handheld US examinations were evaluated. In vivo, 97 patients received both ABVS and handheld US examinations in the incisional region. The frequency used for handheld US was 11 MHz. The presence of the previously implanted mesh in the incisional region was evaluated and compared between the US modalities. The identified results were confirmed by surgical findings.ResultsIn the in vitro study, the ABVS had more visualized and efficient imaging results for implanted mesh than handheld US. In the in vivo study, among 97 cases, 39 and 32 were identified as regions with mesh by the ABVS and handheld US, respectively. The ABVS had better identification performance than handheld US in terms of accuracy (94.8% versus 83.5%), sensitivity (90.5% versus 69.0%), and specificity (98.2% versus 94.5%). The κ values showed that handheld US had substantial agreement with surgical findings (κ = 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–0.90), whereas the ABVS had almost perfect agreement with surgical findings (κ = 0.93; 95% confidence interval, 0.86–1.00). More importantly, the ABVS could display the texture of lightweight mesh in the coronal plane. The specificity and sensitivity for mesh texture were 100.0% (55 of 55) and 94.4% (17 of 18), respectively.ConclusionsThe use of an ABVS may help identify the presence of implanted mesh after incisional hernia repair in some cases in which the implant is difficult to appreciate on handheld US imaging with an 11‐MHz transducer.
Shear Wave Dispersion in Lean Versus Steatotic Rat Livers
Authors: Barry Christopher T. , Hazard Christopher , Hah Zaegyoo , Cheng Gang , Partin Alexander , Mooney Robert A. , Chuang Kuang-Hsiang , Cao Wenqing , Rubens Deborah J. , Parker Kevin J. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesThe precise measurement of fat accumulation in the liver, or steatosis, is an important clinical goal. Our previous studies in phantoms and mouse livers support the hypothesis that, starting with a normal liver, increasing accumulations of microsteatosis and macrosteatosis will increase the lossy viscoelastic properties of shear waves in a medium. This increase results in an increased dispersion (or slope) of the shear wave speed in the steatotic livers.MethodsIn this study, we moved to a larger animal model, lean versus obese rat livers ex vivo, and a higher‐frequency imaging system to estimate the shear wave speed from crawling waves.ResultsThe results showed elevated dispersion in the obese rats and a separation of the lean versus obese liver parameters in a 2‐dimensional parameter space of the dispersion (slope) and shear wave speed at a reference frequency of 150 Hz.ConclusionsWe have confirmed in 3 separate studies the validity of our dispersion hypothesis in animal models.