bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leisure-time physical activity and the incidence of atrial fibrillation in senior adults: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Mei Yunting , Huang Li , Gong Cong , Zhao Wenjing , Gui Ming , Qiu Quan , Wang Zhiwei , Chen Yufeng , Xie Yuanling , Cai Xueqing , Yuan Yue-Shuang , Zheng Zhen-Feng , Xue Yumei , Deng Hai , Liu Xudong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
Whether physical activity could reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains unclear. This study was to investigate the relationship of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with AF incidence among Chinese older adults.

Methods
A total of 3253 participants aged ≥60 years from the Guangzhou Heart Study were successfully followed between March 2018 and September 2019. LTPA was assessed using a modified Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. AF was ascertained by 12-lead electrocardiograms, 24-hour single-lead Holter and clinical examination. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to the estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) after adjustment for confounders, and the population-attributable fraction (PAF) was estimated.

Results
A total of 76 (2.34%) new-onset cases of AF were identified during a median of 31.13 months of follow-up. After adjustment for confounders, subjects who had LTPA at least 10.0 metabolic equivalent (MET)-hours/week had a 55% lower risk of developing AF (HR: 0.45, 95%CI: 0.25–0.81), and at least 20 MET-hours/week reduced the risk by 45% (HR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.34–0.92). At least 11% (PAF: 11%, 95%CI: 0%–20%) or 14% (PAF: 14%, 95%CI: 0%–26%) of AF cases could be avoided, respectively, if the subjects do LTPA at least 10 MET-hours/week or 20 MET-hours/week. A significant exposure-response trend was also observed between LTPA and AF risk (Plinear-trend = 0.002). For a specific LTPA, doing housework was associated with a 43% reduced risk, while engaging in ball games was associated with an increased risk.

Conclusion
This prospective cohort study indicated that a higher LTPA volume was associated with a lower AF risk in Chinese older adults.
Metaethics and the Nature of Properties
Authors: Sinclair Neil 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper explores connections between theories of morality and theories of properties. It argues that (1) moral realism is in tension with predicate, class and mereological nominalism; (2) moral non-naturalism is incompatible with standard versions of resemblance nominalism, immanent realism and trope theory; and (3) the standard semantic arguments for property realism do not support moral realism. I also raise doubts about trope-theoretic explanations of moral supervenience and argue against one version of the principle that we should accept theories that maintain neutrality.
GLDADec: marker-gene guided LDA modeling for bulk gene expression deconvolution
Authors: Azuma Iori , Mizuno Tadahaya , Kusuhara Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Inferring cell type proportions from bulk transcriptome data is crucial in immunology and oncology. Here, we introduce guided LDA deconvolution (GLDADec), a bulk deconvolution method that guides topics using cell type-specific marker gene names to estimate topic distributions for each sample. Through benchmarking using blood-derived datasets, we demonstrate its high estimation performance and robustness. Moreover, we apply GLDADec to heterogeneous tissue bulk data and perform comprehensive cell type analysis in a data-driven manner. We show that GLDADec outperforms existing methods in estimation performance and evaluate its biological interpretability by examining enrichment of biological processes for topics. Finally, we apply GLDADec to The Cancer Genome Atlas tumor samples, enabling subtype stratification and survival analysis based on estimated cell type proportions, thus proving its practical utility in clinical settings. This approach, utilizing marker gene names as partial prior information, can be applied to various scenarios for bulk data deconvolution. GLDADec is available as an open-source Python package at https://github.com/mizuno-group/GLDADec.
CTRP6 alleviates endometrial fibrosis by regulating Smad3 pathway in intrauterine adhesion
Authors: Yan Sisi , Ding Jinli , Wang Zehao , Zhang Yi , Xu Yong , Jia Yifan , Yang Jing , Qiu Hui 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) is manifestations of endometrial fibrosis and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-6 (CTRP6) is a newly identified adiponectin paralog which has been reported to modulate the fibrosis process of several diseases; however, the endometrial fibrosis function of CTRP6 remains unknown. Our study aimed to assess the role of CTRP6 in endometrial fibrosis and further explore the underlying mechanism. Here, we found that the expression of CTRP6 was downregulated in the endometrial tissues of IUA. In vitro experiments demonstrated the reduced level of CTRP6 in facilitated transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs). In addition, CTRP6 inhibited the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I in TGF-β1-treated HESCs. Mechanistically, CTRP6 activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase B (AKT) pathway in HESCs, and AMPK inhibitor (AraA) or PI3K inhibitor (LY294002) pretreatment abolished the protective effect of CTRP6 on TGF-β1-induced fibrosis. CTRP6 markedly decreased TGF-β1-induced Smad3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and AMPK or AKT inhibition reversed these effects. Notably, CTRP6-overexpressing treatment alleviated the fibrosis of endometrium in vivo. Therefore, CTRP6 ameliorates endometrial fibrosis, among which AMPK and AKT are essential for the anti-fibrotic effect of CTRP6 via the Smad3 pathway. Taken together, CTRP6 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of intrauterine adhesion.
Drought as an emergent driver of ecological transformation in the twenty-first century
Authors: Moss Wynne E , Crausbay Shelley D , Rangwala Imtiaz , Wason Jay W , Trauernicht Clay , Stevens-Rumann Camille S , Sala Anna , Rottler Caitlin M , Pederson Gregory T , Miller Brian W , Magness Dawn R , Littell Jeremy S , Frelich Lee E , Frazier Abby G , Davis Kimberley T , Coop Jonathan D , Cartwright Jennifer M , Booth Robert K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Under climate change, ecosystems are experiencing novel drought regimes, often in combination with stressors that reduce resilience and amplify drought’s impacts. Consequently, drought appears increasingly likely to push systems beyond important physiological and ecological thresholds, resulting in substantial changes in ecosystem characteristics persisting long after drought ends (i.e., ecological transformation). In the present article, we clarify how drought can lead to transformation across a wide variety of ecosystems including forests, woodlands, and grasslands. Specifically, we describe how climate change alters drought regimes and how this translates to impacts on plant population growth, either directly or through drought's interactions with factors such as land management, biotic interactions, and other disturbances. We emphasize how interactions among mechanisms can inhibit postdrought recovery and can shift trajectories toward alternate states. Providing a holistic picture of how drought initiates long-term change supports the development of risk assessments, predictive models, and management strategies, enhancing preparedness for a complex and growing challenge.
Justice Work: Sisters (Having to) Do It for Themselves
Authors: Lombard Nancy , Proctor Katy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article outlines findings from our research which sought to explore the lived experiences of victim/survivors of stalking and/or coercive control as they navigated their way through the Scottish Criminal Justice System (SCJS), commissioned by the Scottish Government. Building on the work of Acker (1990), Hochschild (1983), Fishman (1978), Kelly (2016) and Vera-Gray (2018; 2020) our findings show that women’s involvement as victim-survivors with the criminal justice system insists they perform elements of both hidden (behind the scenes) and visible (but unacknowledged) work. These types of work replicate already identified elements of emotional, safety and violence work. In addition, however, we uncovered a new form of work that women must undertake when seeking justice which we have conceptualized as ‘Justice Work’.
Microstructure of monolayered aggregate of 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphine self-assembled at the toluene/water interface
Authors: Gusman Tania Avianda , Tsukahara Satoshi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
5-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenylporphine (TPPCOOH) was acid-dissociated and its salt with alkali metal ions (TPPCOO−M+, M+=Li+, Na+, and K+) formed ordered needlelike monolayered aggregates at the toluene/water interface under alkaline conditions. The light absorption of the aggregates at 451 nm depended on the polarization direction. The dependence revealed 2 types of TPPCOO−M+ aggregates with different growth direction, but their microstructure and interfacial concentration were almost the same. The height of the aggregates measured by atomic force microscopy was approximately equivalent to that of titled TPPCOO−.
Polyarchy and societas: an extended continuum of discrete structural alternatives
Authors: Grandori Anna , Varella Miranda Bruno 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Horizontal, multilateral and polycentric forms of governance, albeit important in reality, represent a challenge for the now dominant use of the ‘market and hierarchy’ continuum of structural alternatives. This paper proposes a broader characterisation of both poles of the continuum of governance forms that would enhance the understanding of both intra- and inter-organisational governance. One side of the continuum would encompass examples of ‘societas’, for example, legal entities (among which firms) unifying property rights and deliberately coordinating actions through a wide set of voice-based mechanisms, including non-hierarchical ones. The other side of the continuum would encompass ‘polyarchies’, that is, forms of decentralised coordination among nodes deciding autonomously, but not necessarily linked by transactions of goods and services coordinated by prices, such as market exchanges. This paper uses several cases from the agri-food sector to show that many ‘strange’ unclassified forms can be described, explained and assessed as hybrids between polyarchy and societas. The final section of the paper proposes some refinements in the independent variables to be used in the comparative assessment of organisation forms and new propositions that can be derived for future research.
Close-to-nature management of tropical timber plantations is economically viable and provides biodiversity benefits
Authors: Pinnschmidt Arne , Yousefpour Rasoul , Nölte Anja , Hanewinkel Marc 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Reforestation of tropical forests is crucial to mitigate the climate crisis and restore ecosystems. However, past efforts have been criticized for establishing monoculture timber plantations with exotic tree species. Close-to-nature (CTN) practices aim to minimize negative forest management impacts on forests ecosystems by mimicking natural dynamics. So far, CTN management practices are rarely applied in tropical plantation forestry. This study evaluates the economic, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity potential of CTN management in tropical mixed-species plantations in Central America using a simulation-optimization approach. To our knowledge, this study is the first to assess the potential of tropical CTN-managed plantations on the basis of detailed process-based forest growth simulations. CTN practices such as selective harvesting, retention forestry, and shelterwood cutting of mixed-species stands were compared to even-aged mixtures and conventional monoculture practices. Results showed that CTN management was economically viable for certain species mixtures and management practices at an 8 % discount rate and had the potential to increase carbon storage and biodiversity in the modeled plantations. At current carbon prices, CTN-managed plantations may only become financially competitive with monocultures, if monocultures are excluded from carbon certification schemes that increasingly aim at co-producing non-carbon benefits like biodiversity conservation. If carbon prices increase, the sale of carbon credits could finance the transformation of monocultures to CTN-managed mixed-species stands. The competitiveness of CTN management could also be improved through performance-based biodiversity payments, such as the sale of biodiversity credits.
From innovation to participation: connectivity and the conduct of contemporary warfare
Authors: Ford Matthew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The war in Ukraine is the first conventional war to ever take place in an entirely connected information ecology. The internet has not been switched off. Mundane smart devices are ubiquitous. Soldiers and ordinary civilians are participating in the conflict in ways that have never previously been possible. This stretches participation beyond the information domain and the kinds of connectivity that shaped conflicts in places like Syria, Tigray and Mali. Now the smartphone is routinely being used by soldiers and civilians alike to geolocate enemy columns, control drones to range find for artillery, and produce and broadcast the damage assessment for online audiences to watch. Surveillance technology already makes it possible to track individual smartphone users. In times of peace these forms of surveillance are curtailed. During a conventional war, however, private organizations and governments have reason to circumvent peacetime legal conventions. The result is that mundane connected technology forms part of an extended chain of sensors that feeds data and information to those involved in information warfare and targeting activities. In effect, the smartphone has collapsed the means to fight and represent war into the functionality of one device. This article maps the policy and military implications of these developments in relation to participation, the conduct of war and the law of armed conflict.
Genotype-specific Expression of Uncle Fester Suggests a Role in Allorecognition Education in a Basal Chordate
Authors: Taketa Daryl A , Cengher Liviu , Rodriguez Delany , Langenbacher Adam D , De Tomaso Anthony W 
Published: July 2024

Synopsis
Histocompatibility is the ability to discriminate between self and non-self tissues, and has been described in species throughout the metazoa. Despite its universal presence, histocompatibility genes utilized by different phyla are unique—those found in sponges, cnidarians, ascidians, and vertebrates are not orthologous. Thus, the origins of these sophisticated recognition systems, and any potential functional commonalities between them, are not understood. We are studying histocompatibility in the botryllid ascidians, members of the chordate subphylum, Tunicata, which provide a powerful model to understand both the origins and functional aspects of this process. Histocompatibility in the botryllids occurs at the tips of an extracorporeal vasculature that come into contact when two individuals grow into proximity. If compatible, the vessels will fuse, forming a parabiosis between the two individuals. If incompatible, the two vessels will reject—an inflammatory reaction that results in melanin scar formation at the point of contact, blocking anastomosis. Compatibility is determined by a single, highly polymorphic locus called the fuhc with the following rules: individuals that share one or both fuhc alleles will fuse, while those who share neither will reject. The fuhc locus encodes at least six proteins with known roles in allorecognition. One of these genes, called uncle fester, is necessary and sufficient to initiate the rejection response. Here, we report the existence of genotype-specific expression levels of uncle fester, differing by up to eight-fold at the mRNA-level, and that these expression levels are constant and maintained for the lifetime of an individual. We also found that these differences had functional consequences: the expression level of uncle fester correlated with the speed and severity of the rejection response. These findings support previous conclusions that uncle fester levels modulate the rejection response, and may be responsible for controlling the variation observed in the timing and intensity of the reaction. The maintenance of genotype specific expression of uncle fester is also evidence of an education process reminiscent of that which occurs in mammalian Natural Killer cells. In turn, this suggests that while histocompatibility receptors and ligands evolve via convergent evolution, they may utilize conserved intracellular machinery to interpret binding events at the cell surface.
Adding the risk of stock collapse over time to stock assessments and harvest allocation decisions
Authors: Blanz Benjamin , Cormier Roland , Swain Douglas , Held Hermann 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Globally, many fisheries have experienced collapse even though most of these fisheries had management plans with harvest control rules and were supported by scientific modelling that explicitly accounted for uncertainty. Recognizing that an informed decision on risks of a stock collapse versus harvest is only possible when the outcomes of the technical measures are described explicitly. We propose that the cumulative probability of stock collapse over a range of harvest levels would provide a perspective of the future consequences of harvesting decisions. Adding to the harvest level negotiations the consideration of how long a fishery should sustain the livelihoods of fishers may provide managers, fishers, and other stakeholders with a more tangible understanding of the risks within the context of precautionary principles in decision-making. We use a time series from the Canadian Cod fishery of the Southern Gulf of St. Lawrence, from which we construct and calibrate a simplified model as an emulator of more comprehensive models to demonstrate the approach. The implications of adding an analysis of the probabilities of stock collapse for a range of harvest levels and using a risk matrix to inform decision-making are discussed for four selected years 1974, 1986, 1993, and 2017.
A study of prehospital EMS response time and influencing factors in the main urban area of Chongqing, China
Authors: Chen Saijuan , Xing Dianguo , Wang Qiuting , An Yunyi , Chen Ying , Zhou Xinyun , Tan Weijie , Liu Hua , Zhang Yan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Shortening the prehospital emergency medical service (EMS) response time is crucial for saving lives and lowering mortality and disability rates in patients with sudden illnesses. Descriptive analyses of prehospital EMS response time and each component were conducted separately using ambulance trip data from the 120 Dispatch Command Centre in the main urban area of Chongqing in 2021, and then, logistic regression analyses were used to explore the influencing factors. The median prehospital EMS response time in the main urban area of Chongqing was 14.52 min and the mean was 16.14 min. A 44.89% of prehospital EMS response time exceeded 15 min. Response time was more likely to surpass this threshold during peak hours and in high population density areas. Conversely, lower probabilities exceeding 15 min were observed during the night shift, summer, and autumn seasons, and areas with a high density of emergency station. 33.28% of preparation time was &gt;3 min, with the night shift and high population density areas more likely to be &gt;3 min, while for the summer and autumn seasons, high Gross National Product (GDP) per capita areas had a lower likelihood of having preparation time &gt;3 min. 45.52% of travel time was &gt;11 min, with peak hours, summer and autumn, and high GDP per capita areas more likely to have had a travel time &gt;11 min, while night shift and high emergency station density areas had a lower likelihood of travel time &gt;11 min. The primary factors influencing prehospital EMS response time were shifts, traffic scenarios, seasons, GDP per capita, emergency station density, and population density. Relevant departments can devise effective interventions to reduce response time through resource allocation and department coordination, staff training and work arrangement optimisation, as well as public participation and education, thereby enhancing the efficiency of prehospital emergency medical services.
Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the defined daily dose of antimicrobials in patients requiring elective and emergency surgical procedures
Authors: Aguilar-Del-Castillo Fátima , Álvarez-Aguilera Miriam , Tinoco-González José , Vaca Iván , Herrera-Hidalgo Laura , Paniagua María , Cisneros José Miguel , Padillo-Ruiz Francisco Javier , Jiménez-Rodríguez Rosa M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in great incertitude and overwhelming changes in healthcare that have had a direct impact on antibiotic prescription. However, the influence of this pandemic on antibiotic consumption in patients undergoing surgery has not yet been analysed. The goal of this study was to analyse antimicrobial consumption and prescription in the same period of 2019 (pre-COVID-19), 2020 (beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic) and 2021 (established COVID-19) according to the DDD system in surgical patients at a tertiary-level hospital.

Methods
A prospectively maintained database was analysed. All patients who underwent elective or emergency gastrointestinal surgery during the same period (2019, 2020 and 2021) were included. Those who received at least 1 of the 10 most frequently prescribed antimicrobials during those periods were analysed.

Results
A total of 2975 patients were included in this study. In 2020, the number of procedures performed decreased significantly (653 versus 1154 and 1168 in 2020 versus 2019 and 2021, respectively; P = 0.005). Of all patients who underwent surgery during these periods, 45.08% received at least one of the antimicrobials studied (45.8% in 2020 versus 22.9% and 22.97% in 2019 and 2021, respectively; P = 0.005). Of these, 22.97% of the patients received a combination of these antimicrobials, with ceftriaxone/metronidazole being the most frequent. Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant, Emergency Surgery and Colorectal Surgery units had higher antibiotic consumption.

Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant decrease in surgical activity and higher post-operative antimicrobial prescription compared with previous and subsequent years.