bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the gallbladder and cystic duct patency with gadoxetate disodium enhanced MR cholangiography: prospective comparison of patients with normal gallbladder function and acute cholecystitis
Authors: Yacoub Joseph H , Yousuf Ambereen , Agrawal Garima , Thomas Stephen , Appelbaum Daniel E , Oto Aytekin 
Published: July 2014

Background Using hepatocyte-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents such as gadoxetate disodium, MRI can provide functional information regarding the patency of the cystic duct similar to hepatobiliary scintigraphy in addition to anatomic images. Purpose To describe the gadoxetate disodium enhanced MR cholangiography (GDE-MRC) findings in patients with acute cholecystitis and to compare them with findings in patients without acute cholecystitis and with normal hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Material and Methods This study was HIPAA compliant and institutional review board approved. Twenty-three patients ( n = 14 diagnosed with acute calculous cholecystitis based on ultrasound [US] or computed tomography [CT]; n = 9 controls with normal hepatobiliary scintigraphy) were prospectively enrolled. All patients underwent GDE-MRC within 2 days of the US, CT, or hepatobiliary scintigraphy. GDE-MRC included axial gradient echo T1-weighted images before and 3, 10, 20, 30, and 60 min after injection of 10 mL of gadoxetate disodium. If excretion of contrast into the gallbladder was not noted at 60 min, intravenous morphine was administered (0.04 mg/kg) and images were acquired 30 min later. Results In all nine controls, gadoxetate disodium was excreted into the gallbladder within 60 min (7/9 in <30 min). Twelve out of 14 patients with acute cholecystitis completed the study. Six out of 12 (50%) patients demonstrated contrast in their gallbladder within 1 h of administration similar to the control group (2/6 in <30 min). In the remaining 6/12 patients, contrast was not present in the gallbladder within 1 h from injection. Following morphine augmentation, contrast was subsequently noted in the gallbladder in 2/6 patients. Conclusion GDE-MRC can assess the patency of the cystic duct. Delayed (>60 min) or lack of filling of the gallbladder during GDE-MRC supports the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis. However, filling of the gallbladder with contrast in <60 min does not exclude the diagnosis of acute calculous cholecystitis.
Patterns and Predictors of Mental Health Service Utilization in People With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Troeung Lakkhina , Gasson Natalie , Egan Sarah J. 
Published: July 2014

Background: Comorbid psychiatric complications are a common occurrence in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the majority of people with PD experiencing mental health problems do not receive any professional treatment. Method: A total of 327 Australian adults with PD completed a cross-sectional survey examining patterns of mental health service utilization and predictors of willingness to seek future mental health treatment. Results: Only 8% of participants were currently engaged in mental health treatment despite elevated levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms. The lifetime service use rate was also low at 24%. Logistic regression analysis showed that, second to prior treatment experience (odds ratio [OR] = 3.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.46-7.35), having had a discussion about psychological symptoms with a primary PD neurologist was the next most important predictor and tripled the likelihood of an individual being willing to seek future treatment, (OR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.72-5.27). Conclusion: This study highlights the integral role of the PD neurologist in facilitating awareness and treatment of mental health problems for individuals with PD.
The Synergistic Effects of Anxiety and Cerebral Hypoperfusion on Cognitive Dysfunction in Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Alosco Michael L. , Gunstad John , Beard Courtney , Xu Xiaomeng , Clark Uraina S. , Labbe Donald R. , Jerskey Beth A. , Ladino Maura , Cote Denise M. , Walsh Edward G. , Poppas Athena , Cohen Ronald A. , Sweet Lawrence H. 
Published: July 2014

Objectives: Anxiety is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is associated with neurocognitive outcomes. The effect of anxiety on brain perfusion in a CVD population has yet to be examined, and no study has investigated the interactive effects of anxiety and cerebral perfusion on cognition. Methods: A total of 55 older adults with CVD completed the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and underwent arterial spin labeling to quantify cortical perfusion and thickness. Participants were administered the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status. Results: Reduced perfusion predicted poorer cognition and decreased cortical thickness. Higher anxiety score predicted worse memory performance and decreased frontal perfusion. Frontal lobe hypoperfusion combined with increased BAI scores exacerbated poorer MMSE performance. Conclusions: Higher anxiety may exacerbate the effects of cerebral hypoperfusion on cognitive impairment. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm our findings and determine whether anxiety treatment improves neurocognitive outcomes in CVD.
Headspace Gosford data: The local application of a National model
Authors: Howe Deborah , Coates Dominiek , Batchelor Samantha 
Published: July 2014

Objectives: Despite the high prevalence of mental health problems for young Australians, many do not have ready access to treatment or are reluctant to seek help. Until recently there was a tendency for young Australians to fall between the gap of Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services and Adult Mental Health Services, and this has contributed to low rates of service use for young people. In 2006, the Australian Government sought to redress this gap in service delivery with its establishment of the Australian National Youth Mental Health Foundation, headspace. This paper presents demographic data collected at headspace Gosford over a 5.5-year period. Conclusions: The data presented indicates that headspace Gosford has been successful in improving early access to mental health treatment for young people on the Central Coast, in particular for young people aged 14–18. Headspace Gosford has attracted young people of both sexes, with a higher proportion of females. The majority of young people access headspace for mental health problems, predominantly depression and anxiety; however, a significant proportion report physical health or alcohol and drug-related reasons. The likelihood of these referral reasons is informed by gender and age.
Controlled atom transfer radical polymerization of MMA onto the surface of high-density functionalized graphene oxide
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Chung Jin Suk , Hur Seung Hyun 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We report on the grafting of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) onto the surface of high-density functionalized graphene oxides (GO) through controlled radical polymerization (CRP). To increase the density of surface grafting, GO was first diazotized (DGO), followed by esterification with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide, which resulted in an atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator-functionalized DGO-Br. The functionalized DGO-Br was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, and XRD patterns. PMMA chains were then grafted onto the DGO-Br surface through a ‘grafting from’ technique using ATRP. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results revealed that polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) follows CRP. Thermal studies show that the resulting graphene-PMMA nanocomposites have higher thermal stability and glass transition temperatures (T
g) than those of pristine PMMA.
Low-temperature growth of highly crystalline β-Ga2O3 nanowires by solid-source chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Han Ning , Wang Fengyun , Yang Zaixing , Yip SenPo , Dong Guofa , Lin Hao , Fang Ming , Hung TakFu , Ho Johnny C 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Growing Ga2O3 dielectric materials at a moderately low temperature is important for the further development of high-mobility III-V semiconductor-based nanoelectronics. Here, β-Ga2O3 nanowires are successfully synthesized at a relatively low temperature of 610°C by solid-source chemical vapor deposition employing GaAs powders as the source material, which is in a distinct contrast to the typical synthesis temperature of above 1,000°C as reported by other methods. In this work, the prepared β-Ga2O3 nanowires are mainly composed of Ga and O elements with an atomic ratio of approximately 2:3. Importantly, they are highly crystalline in the monoclinic structure with varied growth orientations in low-index planes. The bandgap of the β-Ga2O3 nanowires is determined to be 251 nm (approximately 4.94 eV), in good accordance with the literature. Also, electrical characterization reveals that the individual nanowire has a resistivity of up to 8.5 × 107 Ω cm, when fabricated in the configuration of parallel arrays, further indicating the promise of growing these highly insulating Ga2O3 materials in this III-V nanowire-compatible growth condition.

PACS

77.55.D; 61.46.Km; 78.40.Fy
Interferon regulatory factor 5 genetic variants are associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: García-Bermúdez Mercedes , López-Mejías Raquel , Genre Fernanda , Castañeda Santos , Llorca Javier , González-Juanatey Carlos , Corrales Alfonso , Ubilla Begoña , Miranda-Filloy José A , Pina Trinitario , Gómez-Vaquero Carmen , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Luis , Fernández-Gutiérrez Benjamín , Balsa Alejandro , Pascual-Salcedo Dora , López-Longo Francisco J , Carreira Patricia , Blanco Ricardo , Martín Javier , González-Gay Miguel A 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex polygenic inflammatory disease associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular (CV) disease risk. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a regulator of type I interferon induction. Recently, researchers have described an association between multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the IRF5 gene and some rheumatic disorders. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether three different haplotype blocks within the IRF5 locus which have been shown to alter the protein function are involved in the risk of CV events occurring in Spanish RA patients.

Methods
Three IRF5 polymorphisms (rs2004640, rs2070197 and rs10954213) representative of each haplotype group were genotyped by performing TaqMan assays using a 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System with tissue from a total of 2,137 Spanish patients diagnosed with RA. Among them, 390 (18.2%) had experienced CV events. The relationship of IRF5 genotypes and haplotypes to CV events was tested using Cox regression.

Results
Male sex, age at RA diagnosis and most traditional risk factors (hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking habit) were associated with increased risk for CV events in the RA population. Interestingly, a protective effect of both IRF5 rs2004640 GG and IRF5 rs10954213 GG genotypes against the risk for CV events after adjusting the results for sex, age at RA diagnosis and traditional CV disease risk factors was observed (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.38 to 0.92, P = 0.02; and HR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.95, P = 0.03, respectively). Moreover, we detected a protective effect of the GTG haplotype against the risk for CV events after adjusting the results for potential confounding factors (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.56 to 0.93, P = 0.012).

Conclusions
Our results reveal that IRF5 gene variants are associated with risk of CV events in patients with RA.
Inflammatory expression profiles in monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and relationship with atherosclerosis
Authors: Korman Benjamin D , Huang Chiang-Ching , Skamra Carly , Wu Peggy , Koessler Renee , Yao David , Huang Qi Quan , Pearce William , Sutton-Tyrrell Kim , Kondos George , Edmundowicz Daniel , Pope Richard , Ramsey-Goldman Rosalind 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Our objectives were to examine mononuclear cell gene expression profiles in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy controls and to compare subsets with and without atherosclerosis to determine which genes’ expression is related to atherosclerosis in SLE.

Methods
Monocytes were obtained from 20 patients with SLE and 16 healthy controls and were in vitro-differentiated into macrophages. Subjects also underwent laboratory and imaging studies to evaluate for subclinical atherosclerosis. Whole-genome RNA expression microarray was performed, and gene expression was examined.

Results
Gene expression profiling was used to identify gene signatures that differentiated patients from controls and individuals with and without atherosclerosis. In monocytes, 9 out of 20 patients with SLE had an interferon-inducible signature compared with 2 out of 16 controls. By looking at gene expression during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation, we identified pathways which were differentially regulated between SLE and controls and identified signatures based on relevant intracellular signaling molecules which could differentiate SLE patients with atherosclerosis from controls. Among patients with SLE, we used a previously defined 344-gene atherosclerosis signature in monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation to identify patient subgroups with and without atherosclerosis. Interestingly, this signature further classified patients on the basis of the presence of SLE disease activity and cardiovascular risk factors.

Conclusions
Many genes were differentially regulated during monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation in SLE patients compared with controls. The expression of these genes in mononuclear cells is important in the pathogenesis of SLE, and molecular profiling using gene expression can help stratify SLE patients who may be at risk for development of atherosclerosis.
Variability of linezolid concentrations after standard dosing in critically ill patients: a prospective observational study
Authors: Zoller Michael , Maier Barbara , Hornuss Cyrill , Neugebauer Christina , Döbbeler Gundula , Nagel Dorothea , Holdt Lesca Miriam , Bruegel Mathias , Weig Thomas , Grabein Béatrice , Frey Lorenz , Teupser Daniel , Vogeser Michael , Zander Johannes 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Severe infections in intensive care patients show high morbidity and mortality rates. Linezolid is an antimicrobial drug frequently used in critically ill patients. Recent data indicates that there might be high variability of linezolid serum concentrations in intensive care patients receiving standard doses. This study was aimed to evaluate whether standard dosing of linezolid leads to therapeutic serum concentrations in critically ill patients.

Methods
In this prospective observational study, 30 critically ill adult patients with suspected infections received standard dosing of 600 mg linezolid intravenously twice a day. Over 4 days, multiple serum samples were obtained from each patient, in order to determine the linezolid concentrations by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

Results
A high variability of serum linezolid concentrations was observed (range of area under the linezolid concentration time curve over 24 hours (AUC24) 50.1 to 453.9 mg/L, median 143.3 mg*h/L; range of trough concentrations (Cmin) < 0.13 to 14.49 mg/L, median 2.06 mg/L). Furthermore, potentially subtherapeutic linezolid concentrations over 24 hours and at single time points (defined according to the literature as AUC24 < 200 mg*h/L and Cmin < 2 mg/L) were observed for 63% and 50% of the patients, respectively. Finally, potentially toxic levels (defined as AUC24 > 400 mg*h/L and Cmin > 10 mg/L) were observed for 7 of the patients.

Conclusions
A high variability of linezolid serum concentrations with a substantial percentage of potentially subtherapeutic levels was observed in intensive care patients. The findings suggest that therapeutic drug monitoring of linezolid might be helpful for adequate dosing of linezolid in critically ill patients.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01793012. Registered 24 January 2013.
Bringing the MMFF force field to the RDKit: implementation and validation
Authors: Tosco Paolo , Stiefl Nikolaus , Landrum Gregory 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA general purpose force field such as MMFF94/MMFF94s, which can properly deal with a wide range of diverse structures, is very valuable in the context of a cheminformatics toolkit. Herein we present an open-source implementation of this force field within the RDKit. The new MMFF functionality can be accessed through a C++/C#/Python/Java application programming interface (API) developed along the lines of the one already available for UFF in the RDKit. Our implementation was fully validated against the official validation suite provided by the MMFF authors. All energies and gradients were correctly computed; moreover, atom type and force constants were correctly assigned for 3D molecules built from SMILES strings. To provide full flexibility, the available API provides direct access to include/exclude individual terms from the MMFF energy expression and to carry out constrained geometry optimizations. The availability of a MMFF-capable molecular mechanics engine coupled with the rest of the RDKit functionality and covered by the BSD license is appealing to researchers operating in both academia and industry.
Design of Fullerene-Free Electron-Acceptor Materials Containing Perylenediimide Units for Solution-Processed Organic Electronic Devices
Authors: Aoyagi Koutarou , Shoji Yu , Otsubo Saika , Kawauchi Susumu , Ueda Mitsuru , Matsumoto Hidetoshi , Higashihara Tomoya 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Organic electron-accepting materials with light absorbance and wide absorption bands are sorely needed as alternatives to fullerene derivatives for organic electronics, in particular for organic photovoltaic (OPV) applications. In the present study, we have designed and synthesized a series of novel donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) electron-accepting molecules based on perylenediimide (PDI) and oligothiophene units, that is, PDI-alkoxy, PDI-Th, PDI-BiTh, and PDI-TerTh. The optical and electrochemical properties of the obtained PDI derivatives and performances of organic field-effect transistor (OFET) and OPV devices based on PDI derivatives were investigated. The PDI derivatives showed a higher light absorption intensity and wider absorption region than those of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM). The highest electron mobility (2.33 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1) was shown using an OFET device based on PDI-BiTh, and the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.2 × 10−2% was given by the OPV device based on the PDI-BiTh acceptor. The device performances demonstrated that PDI derivatives with a D–A–D architecture are potentially useful for solution-processed organic electronics.
Syntheses of Highly Distorted meso-Trifluoromethyl-substituted β-Octaalkylporphyrins
Authors: Suzuki Masaaki , Ishii Shuto , Hoshino Tyuji , Neya Saburo 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Treatment of 5,5′-dicarboxy-3,3′,4,4′-tetraalkyl-2,2′-dipyrromethanes with trifluoroacetic acid and subsequent oxidation resulted in formation of meso-trifluoromethyl-substituted β-octaalkylporphyrins. The structural characterizations and the spectroscopic measurements revealed their distorted conformations and red-shifted absorption bands depending on the steric bulkiness. Moreover, the corresponding Ni complexes were easily afforded and exhibited enhanced nonplanarities.
Stability of Lipid-membrane-incorporated Azobenzene and Pyrenes in Water
Authors: Ikeda Atsushi , Hida Tomohiro , Nakano Toshiyuki , Hino Shodai , Nobusawa Kazuyuki , Akiyama Motofusa , Sugikawa Kouta 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Small hydrophobic planar π-conjugated molecules such as azobenzene or pyrene do not need chemical modifications to exhibit affinity toward the lipid membranes. Liposomes incorporating these molecules are stable in aqueous solution for up to 1 month.
Comparison of phenothrin mousse, phenothrin lotion, and wet-combing for treatment of head louse infestation in the UK: a pragmatic randomised, controlled, assessor blind trial
Authors: Burgess Ian F. 
Published: July 2014

In this investigation of effectiveness of an alternative pediculicide dosage form, we recruited 228 children and 50 adult participants from Bedfordshire, UK, to a randomised, controlled, assessor blind trial comparing two insecticide products with mechanical removal of lice as a control group. Participants using insecticide were treated with either the investigative 0.5% phenothrin mousse, for 30 minutes, or 0.2% phenothrin lotion, for 2 hours as the reference product. Both treatments were applied only once, followed by shampoo washing. Those treated by wet-combing with conditioner were combed 4 times over 12 days. Parents/carers carried out the treatments to mimic normal consumer use. The outcome measure was the absence of lice, 14 days after treatment for the insecticides, and up to 14 days after completion of combing. Intention to treat analysis of the outcomes for 275 participants showed success for phenothrin mousse in 21/105 (20.0%), in 23/107 (21.5%) for phenothrin lotion, and in 12/63 (19.1%) for wet-combing. People receiving mousse were 1.07 (95% CI, 0.63 to 1.81) times more likely to still have lice after treatment compared with those treated with lotion. The group of participants who received the wet combing treatment were 1.13 (95% CI, 0.61 to 2.11) times more likely to still have lice after the treatment. None of the treatments was significantly (p < 0.05) more effective than any other. This study was carried out in an area where moderate resistance to phenothrin was demonstrated after the study by using a bioassay. Analysis of post treatment assessments found that failure of insecticides to kill louse eggs had influenced the outcome.
From the roof top into the mine
Authors: Abraham Ayisha 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article focuses on two of my films: Through the Dark Mine (Abraham, Film Tales, Bangalore, 2013) about the Kolar Gold Field Mines (1864–2001), and I Saw a God Dance (Abraham, Film Tales, Bangalore, 2012) – a short documentary film about the charismatic dancer Ram Gopal (1912–2003). The title of the article, ‘From the roof top into the mine’, reflects my attempt to juxtapose these two ostensibly different films, crafted out of found-footage, in order to see how they work side by side, metaphorically and historically. Both films illustrate mid twentieth-century modes of living and inform on the century’s modern and industrial practices such as film, dance and industrial gold mining. Working with and writing about the found footage used in making these two films represents in my opinion a form of archaeology of marginal practices in film. My composite films share a particular geographical area, and I have edited them as to create a visual path to experiencing the interiors of a gold mine and the intricate intimacy of the dancing form proposed by an exceptionally talented and beautiful gay performer. In writing this article, which is structured as a free-style essay, I developed new perspectives on my initial interpretations of the original visual material, and also on the formal concerns surrounding the structure and aesthetics of experiential and experimental film.