bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canonical Categories in Flashbulb Memories
Authors: Kaya Kızılöz Burcu , Tekcan Ali I. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryRecall of canonical categories has been widely used to measure flashbulb memory performance. However, these canonical categories are based on a single study and have been inconsistently used in the literature making comparisons across studies potentially problematic. The purpose of the present study was to provide further data toward determining the generality of canonical categories. We asked 135 participants to provide open‐ended narratives of how they first learned about three public events, one of which was also a personal event for some of the participants. Results showed that seven categories of information consisting of two new categories (others present and thought) in addition to the five identified by Brown and Kulik (place, informant, activity, own affect, and aftermath) accounted for most of the information in flashbulb memory narratives. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple Memory Shape Memory Alloys
Authors: Khan Mohammad Ibraheem , Pequegnat Andrew , Zhou Y. Norman 
Published: February 2013

AbstractUntil now, shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been largely limited to “remembering” a single memory. In other words, monolithic components only possess a single set of functional properties. The current work describes how theorized change to local chemical composition induced through laser processing enables controlled augmentation of transformation temperatures. Proof of concept was demonstrated by locally embedding multiple shape memories into a monolithic NiTi component. This novel technique overcomes traditional fabrication challenges and promises to enhance SMA functionality and facilitate novel applications through producing a new class of smart materials; namely multiple memory materials (MMMs).
Developing Brands for Patented Fruit Varieties: Does the Name Matter?
Authors: Rickard Bradley J. , Schmit Todd M. , Gómez Miguel I. , Lu Hao 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTBrands have largely been absent for fresh produce products; however, apples are one of a few exceptions whereby varieties partially take the place of brands. Studying the role of brands in this market is particularly interesting given the introduction of several patented or so‐called managed apple varieties. We run an experiment to measure consumer response to a suite of apple varieties; treatments employ different branding strategies using different names for a new managed variety included in the experiment. Results suggest that the name does influence consumer valuation of the new variety and existing managed varieties, but has little impact on the willingness to pay for traditional apple varieties.
Crystallization kinetics and phase transformation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) films incorporated with functionalized baTiO3 nanoparticles
Authors: Ye Hui‐Jian , Shao Wen‐Zhu , Zhen Liang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe transformation of α to β‐phase in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) induced by the addition of tetradecylphosphonic acid (TDPA)‐BaTiO3 nanoparticles and subsequently the isothermal crystallization kinetics of pristine PVDF and its nanocomposites have been investigated. The result of infrared spectra showed that the relative crystalline fraction of β‐phase was enhanced greatly after the introduction of TDPA–BaTiO3 nanoparticles, and reached the peak of 93% when the concentration of nanofillers was 20%. The interaction between TDPA–BaTiO3 nanoparticles and PVDF macromolecular chains induced the change of conformation from trans‐gauche to all‐trans crystal structure in PVDF segment. The isothermal crystallization of TDPA–BaTiO3/PVDF nanocomposites was carried out by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The influence of TDPA–BaTiO3 nanoparticles concentration on crystallization rate, activate energy, melting enthalpy, and peak temperature were studied. The nanocomposite film loaded 20% TDPA–BaTiO3 nanoparticles exhibited the highest crystallization rate and activate energy, which decreased after loading more nanofillers in the host because of high volume fraction of nanoparticles leading to steric hindrance and further weakening the mobility of PVDF chains during the crystallization. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Structural and morphological development in polypropylene/poly(propylene‐1‐octene) in‐reactor alloy due to the competition between liquid–liquid phase separation and crystallization
Authors: Wang Jihui , Han Charles C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRelationship between phase separation and crystallization of polypropylene/poly(propylene‐1‐octene) in‐reactor alloy (iPP/PPOc) were studied using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Optical microscopy was used to monitor nuclei density and spherulite growth rates, providing complementary information about the effect of liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) on crystallization behavior. We found that LLPS process had a retardation effect on crystallization rate and had a dominant effect on the final crystalline morphology of the iPP/PPOc alloy. By simply changing the LLPS time or temperature, we could control the size and the distribution of the elastomer phase that dispersed in the iPP spherulites. The growth rate of the spherulites significantly depended on the degree of LLPS. Higher degree of phase separation reduced nuclei density and the growth rate of spherulites. However, it was helpful to the formation of more perfect spherulites. But surprisingly, there seemed to be little variation of crystallinity between the two quenching procedures (i.e., single quench vs. double quench). Overall, the competition between LLPS and crystallization significantly influenced the structural and morphological development of the iPP/PPOc alloy. By controlling the interplay between LLPS and crystallization of iPP/PPOc alloy, it was possible to control the structure and morphology as needed in applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Human hippocampal energy metabolism is impaired during cognitive activity in a lipid infusion model of insulin resistance
Authors: Emmanuel Yaso , Cochlin Lowri E. , Tyler Damian J. , de Jager Celeste A. , David Smith A. , Clarke Kieran 
Published: February 2013

AbstractNeuronal glucose uptake was thought to be independent of insulin, being facilitated by glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3, which do not require insulin signaling. However, it is now known that components of the insulin‐mediated glucose uptake pathway, including neuronal insulin synthesis and the insulin‐dependent glucose transporter GLUT4, are present in brain tissue, particularly in the hippocampus. There is considerable recent evidence that insulin signaling is crucial to optimal hippocampal function. The physiological basis, however, is not clear. We propose that while noninsulin‐dependent GLUT1 and GLUT3 transport is adequate for resting needs, the surge in energy use during sustained cognitive activity requires the additional induction of insulin‐signaled GLUT4 transport. We studied hippocampal high‐energy phosphate metabolism in eight healthy volunteers, using a lipid infusion protocol to inhibit insulin signaling. Contrary to conventional wisdom, it is now known that free fatty acids do cross the blood–brain barrier in significant amounts. Energy metabolism within the hippocampus was assessed during standardized cognitive activity. 31Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to determine the phosphocreatine (PCr)‐to‐adenosine triphosphate (ATP) ratio. This ratio reflects cellular energy production in relation to concurrent cellular energy expenditure. With lipid infusion, the ratio was significantly reduced during cognitive activity (PCr/ATP 1.0 ± 0.4 compared with 1.4 ± 0.4 before infusion, P = 0.01). Without lipid infusion, there was no reduction in the ratio during cognitive activity (PCr/ATP 1.5 ± 0.3 compared with 1.4 ± 0.4, P = 0.57). This provides supporting evidence for a physiological role for insulin signaling in facilitating increased neuronal glucose uptake during sustained cognitive activity. Loss of this response, as may occur in type 2 diabetes, would lead to insufficient neuronal energy availability during cognitive activity.
UV‐activated conversion of Hoechst 33258, DAPI, and Vybrant DyeCycle fluorescent dyes into blue‐excited, green‐emitting protonated forms
Authors: Żurek‐Biesiada Dominika , Kędracka‐Krok Sylwia , Dobrucki Jurek W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHoechst 33258, DAPI and Vybrant DyeCycle are commonly known DNA fluorescent dyes that are excited by UV and emit in the blue region of the spectrum of visible light. Conveniently, they leave the reminder of the spectrum for microscopy detection of other cellular targets labeled with probes emitting in green, yellow or red. However, an exposure of these dyes to UV induces their photoconversion and results in production of the forms of these dyes that are excited by blue light and show fluoresce maxima in green and a detectable fluorescence in yellow and orange regions of the spectrum. Photoconversion of Hoechst 33258 and DAPI is reversible and independent of the dye concentration or the presence of DNA. Spectrofluorimetry and mass spectrometry analyses indicate that exposure to UV induces protonation of Hoechst 33258 and DAPI. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Lastaufteilung und Widerstandsverhalten von Schubwänden
Authors: Ortlepp Sebastian 
Published: February 2013

AbstractFür die Ermittlung von Horizontalkräften an Wandscheiben wird gewöhnlich ein Kräftegleichgewicht unter Anwendung der Biegesteifigkeiten der einzelnen Mauerwerkswände genutzt. Besitzen die beteiligten Wände überwiegend die gleiche Steifigkeit und Auflast, ist dieses Prinzip eine gute Näherung zur Bestimmung der Wandbeanspruchung. Gibt es jedoch stark unterschiedliche Wandgeometrien innerhalb eines Geschosses, führen unterschiedliche nichtlineare Verformungen infolge aufreißender Querschnitte und Schubverformungen zu einer geänderten Lastaufteilung, welche stark von dem Verhältnis der Biegesteifigkeiten abweicht. Mit theoretischen Untersuchungen an einem Wandmodell konnte dies gezeigt werden. Eine Analyse des Verformungsverhaltens zeigt unter bestimmten Lastmerkmalen starke Einflüsse auf die Duktilität. Speziell unter geringer Auflast zeigen kurze und lange Mauerwerkswände ein enormes Verformungspotenzial bei nahezu gleich bleibendem Tragwiderstand.Load sharing and resistance behaviour of shear walls. For the determination of horizontal forces to shear walls an equilibrium using the bending stiffness of the individual masonry wall is used. This assumption is a good approximation for determining the wall load in horizontal direction usually if the walls have mainly the same stiffness and vertical load. However, if there are very different wall geometries within a floor, different nonlinear deformations due gapping cross‐sections and shear deformations lead to an altered load distribution. Especially for masonry a non‐linear deformation of shear walls appears. Studies on a wall model with specific load characteristics show either a strong or a low ductility during deformation. Especially short and long masonry walls under low load show enormous potential for deformation at a constant load resistance.
Mikrowellen‐Rasterfeuchtemessungen in Multischicht‐Technologie
Authors: Göller Arndt 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn der Bauzustandsanalyse, bei der Sanierung der Altbausubstanz und bei der Bauwerksdiagnose ist die Feuchte eine wichtige Messgröße. Ein großer Teil des Erhaltungsaufwands im Hochbau entfällt auf die Beseitigung von – durch rechtzeitige Messung reduzier‐ und eingrenzbaren – Feuchteschäden und deren Folgen.
Predicting the impacts of climate change on the distribution of threatened forest‐restricted birds in Madagascar
Authors: Andriamasimanana Rado H. , Cameron Alison 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe greatest common threat to birds in Madagascar has historically been from anthropogenic deforestation. During recent decades, global climate change is now also regarded as a significant threat to biodiversity. This study uses Maximum Entropy species distribution modeling to explore how potential climate change could affect the distribution of 17 threatened forest endemic bird species, using a range of climate variables from the Hadley Center's HadCM3 climate change model, for IPCC scenario B2a, for 2050. We explore the importance of forest cover as a modeling variable and we test the use of pseudo‐presences drawn from extent of occurrence distributions. Inclusion of the forest cover variable improves the models and models derived from real‐presence data with forest layer are better predictors than those from pseudo‐presence data. Using real‐presence data, we analyzed the impacts of climate change on the distribution of nine species. We could not predict the impact of climate change on eight species because of low numbers of occurrences. All nine species were predicted to experience reductions in their total range areas, and their maximum modeled probabilities of occurrence. In general, species range and altitudinal contractions follow the reductive trend of the Maximum presence probability. Only two species (Tyto soumagnei and Newtonia fanovanae) are expected to expand their altitude range. These results indicate that future availability of suitable habitat at different elevations is likely to be critical for species persistence through climate change. Five species (Eutriorchis astur, Neodrepanis hypoxantha, Mesitornis unicolor, Euryceros prevostii, and Oriola bernieri) are probably the most vulnerable to climate change. Four of them (E. astur, M. unicolor, E. prevostii, and O. bernieri) were found vulnerable to the forest fragmentation during previous research. Combination of these two threats in the future could negatively affect these species in a drastic way. Climate change is expected to act differently on each species and it is important to incorporate complex ecological variables into species distribution models.
Is ecohydrology missing much of the zoo?
Authors: Westbrook Cherie J. , Veatch William , Morrison Alasdair 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTEcohydrology is now recognized as an interdisciplinary field, and as it grows, there needs to be greater awareness and dialogue on its focus and future direction. To take a ‘bearings’ on where we are, 339 ecohydrological articles published between January 2000 and December 2011 in two databases were surveyed. We found that 72% of the studies address questions at the interface of plant ecology and hydrology. The scarcity of studies of animals as drivers of hydrological patterns and processes led us to question the reasons behind plant‐based ecologists embracing the term ecohydrology to a greater extent than animal‐based ecologists. Following that discussion are current examples of synergies between animal ecologists and hydrologists that have led to a greater understanding of ecosystem processes and a way for ecohydrologists to factor in faunal interactions in their future research. We end by suggesting that ecohydrology form its own scientific society so it can more purposely advance knowledge and understanding of coupled ecological and hydrological system functions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐precision positioning of table drive system using strain feedback and disturbance observer
Authors: Seki Kenta , Mochizuki Keisuke , Iwasaki Makoto 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis paper presents a control design methodology for high‐precision positioning. In particular, the compensation for the effects of vibration modes and nonlinear friction on the positioning performance is taken into account in this methodology. In the controller design, the servo bandwidth of the feedback control loop should be expanded to compensate for nonlinear friction, while robust stability with respect to frequency variations in the vibration modes should be ensured. In this study, therefore, strain feedback for vibration modes is adopted to provide robustness with respect to frequency variations and to improve the disturbance suppression performance by expanding the bandwidth of a disturbance observer. This strain feedback is based on the use of a piezoelectric element. The efficiency of the proposed positioning control approach has been verified by conducting experiments using a prototype for industrial table drive systems. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 183(3): 46–55, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21306
Engineered nanomaterials in water and soils: A risk quantification based on probabilistic exposure and effect modeling
Authors: Gottschalk Fadri , Kost Elias , Nowack Bernd 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The production and use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are increasing rapidly, and therefore, the need to assess their environmental exposure and associated risks has become increasingly important. Only a handful of studies have quantified the release and environmental concentrations of ENMs, but much work has been done to investigate the effects of these materials on organisms. The aim of the present study was to quantify probabilistically the environmental risks of ENMs, producing species sensitivity distributions that were then compared with probability distributions of predicted environmental concentrations. Five nanomaterials (nano-Ag, nano-TiO2, nano-ZnO, carbon nanotubes [CNTs], and fullerenes) and 4 environmental compartments (surface water, sewage treatment plant effluents, soils, and sludge-treated soils) were considered. From 60 ecotoxicological studies, the authors extracted 112 single values to work with (25 values in 13 studies for nano-Ag, 17 values in 10 studies for CNTs, 7 values in 7 studies for fullerenes, 34 values in 23 studies for nano-TiO2, and 29 values in 17 studies for nano-ZnO). The results indicate there is only a marginal risk for these metal-based nanomaterials in surface water (0.7% risk for nano-Ag and &lt;0.1% for nano-TiO2) and some risk in sewage treatment plant effluents (nano-Ag 39.7%, nano-TiO2 18.7%, and nano-ZnO 1.1%). Apart from a marginal value of &lt;0.1% for nano-TiO2 in sludge-treated soils, no risk from the other evaluated ENMs in terrestrial compartments is currently predicted. The discussion of the results considers the influence of the effects of different forms of 1 ENM (coating, agglomeration state, and mineralogy), the test conditions (dissolution and agglomeration), and transformation reactions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:1278–1287. © 2013 SETAC
Numerical study of radial basis function interpolation for data transfer across discontinuous mesh interfaces
Authors: Costin W. J. , Allen C. B. 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYAllowing discontinuous or non‐matching mesh spacing across zonal interfaces within a computational domain offers many advantages, particularly in terms of easing the mesh generation process, reduction of required mesh densities, and relative motion between mesh zones. This paper presents a numerical study of a universal method for interpolating solution data across such interfaces. The method utilises radial basis functions (RBFs) for n‐dimensional volume interpolation, and treats the available solution data points simply as arbitrary clouds of points, eliminating all connectivity requirements and making it applicable to a wide range of computational problems. Properties of the developed meshless interface interpolation are investigated using analytic functions, and three issues are considered: the achievable order of spatial accuracy of the RBF interpolation alone and comparison with a variable order polynomial; the effect of a combined RBF and polynomial interpolation; and the ability of the method to recover frequency content. RBF interpolation alone is shown to achieve fourth‐order to sixth‐order spatial accuracy in one and two dimensions, and in three dimensions, using a small number of data points, third‐order and above is achievable even for a 3 : 1 discontinuous cell spacing ratio, that is a 27 : 1 volume ratio, across the interface. Hence, it is inefficient to include polynomial terms, since improving on the RBF spatial accuracy results in a significant increase in the system size and deterioration in conditioning. It is also shown that only five points per wavelength are required to capture both frequency and amplitude content of periodic solutions to less than 0.01% error.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modes, tempo, and spatial variability of Cenozoic cratonic denudation: The West African example
Authors: Beauvais Anicet , Chardon Dominique 
Published: February 2013

AbstractQuantifying long‐term erosion of tropical shields is crucial to constraining the role of lateritic regolith covers as prominent sinks and sources of CO2 and sediments in the context of long‐term Cenozoic climate change. It is also a key to understanding long‐term landform evolution processes operating over most of the continental surface and their control onto the sediment routing system. We study the surface evolution of West Africa over three erosion periods (~ 45–24, ~ 24–11 and ~ 11–0 Ma) recorded by relicts of three subcontinental‐scale lateritic paleolandsurfaces whose age is bracketed by 39Ar/40Ar dating of lateritic K‐Mn oxides. Denudation depths and rates compiled from 380 field stations show that despite heterogeneities confined to early‐inherited reliefs, the subregion underwent low and homogeneous denudation (~ 2–20 m Ma–1) over most of its surface whatever the considered time interval. This homogeneity is further documented by a worldwide compilation of cratonic denudation rates, over long‐term, intermediate and modern Cenozoic time scales (100–107 yr). These results allow defining a steady state cratonic denudation regime that is weathering‐limited, i.e., controlled by the thickness of the (lateritic) regolith available for stripping. Steady state cratonic denudation regimes are enabled by maintained compartmentalization of the base levels between river knick points controlled by relief inheritance. Under such regimes, lowering of base levels and their fossilization are primarily imposed by long‐term eustatic sea level fall and climate rather than by epeirogeny. The expression of steady state cratonic denudation regimes in clastic sedimentary fluxes remains to be investigated.
Secondary organic aerosol formation from semi‐ and intermediate‐volatility organic compounds and glyoxal: Relevance of O/C as a tracer for aqueous multiphase chemistry
Authors: Waxman Eleanor M. , Dzepina Katja , Ervens Barbara , Lee‐Taylor Julia , Aumont Bernard , Jimenez Jose L. , Madronich Sasha , Volkamer Rainer 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe role of aqueous multiphase chemistry in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) remains difficult to quantify. We investigate it here by testing the rapid formation of moderate oxygen‐to‐carbon (O/C) SOA during a case study in Mexico City. A novel laboratory‐based glyoxal‐SOA mechanism is applied to the field data, and explains why less gas‐phase glyoxal mass is observed than predicted. Furthermore, we compare an explicit gas‐phase chemical mechanism for SOA formation from semi‐ and intermediate‐volatility organic compounds (S/IVOCs) with empirical parameterizations of S/IVOC aging. The mechanism representing our current understanding of chemical kinetics of S/IVOC oxidation combined with traditional SOA sources and mixing of background SOA underestimates the observed O/C by a factor of two at noon. Inclusion of glyoxal‐SOA with O/C of 1.5 brings O/C predictions within measurement uncertainty, suggesting that field observations can be reconciled on reasonable time scales using laboratory‐based empirical relationships for aqueous chemistry.