bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prognostic role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/C-reactive protein ratio in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Ouyang X , Qian Y , Tan Y , Shen Q , Zhang Q , Song M , Shi J , Peng H 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients is highly heterogeneous. Abnormalities in lipids and their metabolism play an important role in the development of IPF.

Aim
To investigate the value of lipid parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/C-reactive protein (HDL-C/CRP) ratio levels in the prognosis of IPF patients.

Design
An observational cohort study.

Methods
We collected baseline data of non-IPF controls and IPF patients, and IPF patients were followed up for 4 years. All-cause death or lung transplantation and IPF-related death were the outcome events. Receiver operating characteristic curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the predictive effect of lipid parameters, CRP and HDL-C/CRP ratio on the prognosis of IPF patients.

Results
IPF patients had lower HDL-C, HDL-C/CRP ratio and higher CRP compared to non-IPF controls. IPF patients who died or underwent lung transplantation were older and had worse pulmonary function, lower HDL-C, HDL-C/CRP ratio and higher CRP compared with surviving patients. HDL-C/CRP ratio was better than HDL-C and CRP in predicting all-cause death or lung transplantation. IPF patients with low HDL-C/CRP ratio had shorter survival times. The HDL-C/CRP ratio and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide(DLCO)% of predicted were independent protective factors for all-cause death or lung transplantation and IPF-related death in IPF patients, while age and gender-age-physiology (GAP) Stage ≥ 2 (HR = 4.927) were independent risk factors for all-cause death or lung transplantation. Age &gt; 65 years (HR = 3.533) was an independent risk factor for IPF-related death.

Conclusion
HDL-C/CRP ratio was a valid predictor of clinical outcomes in IPF patients, including all-cause death or lung transplantation and IPF-related death.
Evidence-based use of epinephrine in anaphylaxis
Authors: Hammond Catherine , Lieberman Jay Adam 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Epinephrine is the first line treatment for anaphylaxis, however, there are limited data to support this. This review examines data surrounding evidence for the use of epinephrine in anaphylaxis, data on prescription for and use of epinephrine autoinjectors, and data examining newer routes of delivery of epinephrine; with a focus on recent publications over the past few years.

Recent findings
With recent epidemiologic studies of anaphylaxis and new forms of epinephrine being studied, new data on the effects of epinephrine are aiding in the understanding of epinephrine's effects and the shortcomings of epinephrine both in its effect and utility in the real world.

Summary
Epinephrine is still considered the first line therapy for anaphylaxis, and we are starting to have a better understanding of its effects in both healthy patients and those with anaphylaxis.
Novel therapeutic receptor agonists and antagonists in allergic conjunctivitis
Authors: Abu Sampson L. , Hehar Navpreet K. , Chigbu DeGaulle I. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Allergic conjunctivitis is characterized by the development of pathophysiological changes to the ocular surface, which occurs when pro-allergic and pro-inflammatory mediators interact with their cognate receptors expressed on immune and nonimmune cells. Traditional treatments with antihistamines and corticosteroids provide relief, but there is a need for more efficacious and tolerable long-term therapy with a better safety profile. This article aims to provide an overview of the mode of action and clinical application of agonist therapies targeting glucocorticoid, melanocortin, and toll-like receptors, as well as antagonist therapies targeting cytokine, chemokine, integrin, and histamine receptors.

Recent findings
There has been considerable advancement in immunology and pharmacology, as well as a greater understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic conjunctivitis. Recent research advancing therapy for allergic conjunctivitis has focused on developing synthetic molecules and biologics that can interfere with the process of the allergic immune reaction.

Summary
This review discusses novel therapeutic receptors being explored agonistically or antagonistically to develop alternative treatment options for allergic conjunctivitis. These novel approaches hold promise for improving the management of allergic eye diseases, offering patients hope for more effective and safer treatment options in the future.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning for anaphylaxis algorithms
Authors: Miller Christopher , Manious Michelle , Portnoy Jay 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that requires rapid identification and intervention. Current management includes early recognition, prompt administration of epinephrine, and immediate medical attention. However, challenges remain in accurate diagnosis, timely treatment, and personalized care. This article reviews the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning in enhancing anaphylaxis management.

Recent findings
Artificial intelligence and machine learning can analyze vast datasets to identify patterns and predict anaphylactic episodes, improve diagnostic accuracy through image and biomarker analysis, and personalize treatment plans. Artificial intelligence-powered wearable devices and decision support systems can facilitate real-time monitoring and early intervention. The ethical considerations of artificial intelligence use, including data privacy, transparency, and bias mitigation, are also discussed.

Summary
Future directions include the development of predictive models, enhanced diagnostic tools, and artificial intelligence-driven educational resources. By leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning, healthcare providers can improve the management of anaphylaxis, ensuring better patient outcomes and advancing personalized medicine.
The evolution of cyclosporine treatments for treatment of ocular surface diseases
Authors: Flts Anna , Medina Richard , Akpek Esen K. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Cyclosporine is a versatile immunomodulatory drug commonly employed in modern medicine. Although cyclosporine was initially used to prevent solid organ transplant rejection, its indications have extended to treat many inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. Cyclosporin is available for use in oral, intravenous, and topical forms, including eye drops to treat corneal and ocular surface conditions. It is naturally advantageous to administer cyclosporin directly into the eye, avoiding potential and dose limiting systemic adverse effects. However, the transition from systemic to topical administration has been a challenging one. This report reviews the evolution of ophthalmic cyclosporine treatment and explores its clinical impacts and future research directions.

Recent findings
Latest advancements in formulations – from oil-based solutions to nanomicelle and gel systems and waterless formulations – have improved the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of topically applied cyclosporine, demonstrating greater effectiveness in treating ocular surface parameters compared to oil-based solution.

Summary
Cyclosporine continues to be a safe and effective immunomodulatory drug in the field of ophthalmology to treat various chronic inflammatory ocular surface diseases and dry eye. Currently, there are several commercially available topical preparations available for ophthalmic use each with unique formulation and clinical outcomes.
An open book: A virtual book club designed to connect advanced practice registered nurses through quality improvement
Authors: Newell Cassandra Faye , Woods Catherine 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
A virtual book club (VBC) was created for advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) to foster engagement, connect with peers, and apply readings to their personal and professional development. Microsoft Teams virtual platform was used. Books chosen focused on professional development and health care–related topics. As a quality-improvement project, 60 participants completed an anonymous Likert-scale survey about their perception of the VBC. Respondents survey completion rate was 71%. Sixty survey evaluations stated that they agreed or strongly agreed (mean 4.78–4.82/5) that the VBC encourages peer engagement, professional applicability, intention to read professional books, and willingness to invite peers to future VBCs. Participants were neutral (mean 3.25/5) about reading professional or health care–related books outside of the VBC. Virtual book clubs offer opportunities for APRNs to socially connect with peers and apply readings to both their personal and professional development. The results from this project may be applied to help encourage connection with other APRNs during these times of provider burnout.
The first reported rare case of carbamazepine-induced malignant hypertension from Nepal: a case report
Authors: Acharya Ashish , Bhattarai Kritika , Timilsina Sarika , Adhikari Jenish 
Published: July 2024

Introduction and importance:
Malignant hypertension is the most severe form of hypertension that may cause life-threatening manifestations. Carbamazepine is an antiepileptic drug primarily used for seizure disorders and trigeminal neuralgia. One of the rarely triggered adverse side effects of carbamazepine is drug-induced malignant hypertension. Here, we intend to present the first case report of carbamazepine-induced malignant hypertension from Nepal.

Presentation of case:
Here, we aim to present a case report of a 26-year-old female with a history of generalized tonic–clonic seizure who had developed de-novo hypertension after initiation of carbamazepine with no decrease in blood pressure to normal levels despite several antihypertensive administrations which eventually resolved on the discontinuation of drug carbamazepine. The patient was subsequently managed at our institution, where levetiracetam was used as an alternative. The patient was in close follow-up monitoring blood pressure charting.

Clinical discussion:
Although rare, a variety of cardiovascular side effects, including hypertension led by the drug carbamazepine, have been reported. Carbamazepine acts by inducing cytochrome P450, which facilitates an early metabolism and clearance of several antihypertensive medications, causing a decrease in their role in hypertension. The exact etiology is still debatable. However, the removal of the drug carbamazepine may result in a remission of hypertension, as illustrated in several literatures.

Conclusion:
Malignant hypertension is caused in rare cases to the use of the drug carbamazepine. The hypertension can undergo remission by subsequent discontinuation of the carbamazepine therapy. Regular blood pressure monitoring and charting are crucial in such cases.
Effects of Cannabis Use on Sedation Requirements for Endoscopic Procedures
Authors: Smith Llewellyn Dawn , Pelton Wendy , Morgan Merri K. 
Published: July 2024

On July 1, 2021, cannabis became legal in Virginia for adults 21 years of age and older. Cannabis consumption may have significant implications for outcomes related to medical care, including procedural sedation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether self-reported cannabis consumption has any relationship to sedation medication requirements during endoscopic procedures. A retrospective analysis was conducted to examine two groups of surgical patients (self-reported cannabis use versus self-reported non-cannabis use) at a community hospital in the mid-Atlantic region. Results demonstrate that there were no significant differences between groups for either Time to Aldrete ≥8 (p = .486) or Time to Meet Phase II Criteria (p = .762). Equivalent recovery times for both groups may be an indicator that comparable sedation levels were maintained, despite the increased propofol requirements of the cannabis group. Open conversations to establish patient use of cannabis products prior to procedural sedation is important for determining appropriate plans of care related to risk factors and medication dosage requirements during endoscopic evaluations.
Styrene monomer as potential material for design of new optoelectronic and nonlinear optical polymers: density functional theory study
Authors: Noudem P. , Fouejio D. , Mveme C. D. D. , Zekeng S. S. 
Published: July 2024

Using density functional theory, we have studied the intrinsic properties of styrene. First, we determine the optimized structures, structural parameters and thermodynamic properties to make our simulations more realistic to experimental results and check the stability. Second, we investigate optoelectronic, electronic and global descriptors, transport properties of holes and electrons, natural bond orbital analysis, absorption and fluorescence properties. Finally, we study nonlinear optical (NLO) properties: first- and second-order hyperpolarizability, second and third-order optical susceptibilities, hyper-Rayleigh scattering hyperpolarizability, electro-optical Pockel effect, direct current Kerr effects and quadratic refractive index. The bandgap energy
E
g
= 5.146 eV and dielectric constant

ε

r

=
3.062

show that styrene is a good insulator with an average electric field value of 4.43 × 10
8
Vm
−1
. Thermodynamic findings show that our molecule is thermodynamically and chemically stable. Electron and hole reorganization energies of 0.393 and 0.295 eV, respectively, show that styrene is more favourable to hole transport than electron transport. Styrene is transparent with linear refractive index
n
= 1.750 and quadratic
n
2
= 1.748 × 10
−20
m
2
W
−1
. At the NLO, styrene has a non-zero value of

β

H
R
S

,

which confirms the existence of first-order NLO activity. Globally the study shows that the styrene monomer is suitable for the architecture design of new polymer materials for NLO applications and optoelectronic by functionalization.
Mate choice in the brain: species differ in how male traits ‘turn on’ gene expression in female brains
Authors: Keagy Jason , Hofmann Hans A. , Boughman Janette W. 
Published: July 2024

Mate choice plays a fundamental role in speciation, yet we know little about the molecular mechanisms that underpin this crucial decision-making process. Stickleback fish differentially adapted to limnetic and benthic habitats are reproductively isolated and females of each species use different male traits to evaluate prospective partners and reject heterospecific males. Here, we integrate behavioural data from a mate choice experiment with gene expression profiles from the brains of females actively deciding whether to mate. We find substantial gene expression variation between limnetic and benthic females, regardless of behavioural context, suggesting general divergence in constitutive gene expression patterns, corresponding to their genetic differentiation. Intriguingly, female gene co-expression modules covary with male display traits but in opposing directions for sympatric populations of the two species, suggesting male displays elicit a dynamic neurogenomic response that reflects known differences in female preferences. Furthermore, we confirm the role of numerous candidate genes previously implicated in female mate choice in other species, suggesting evolutionary tinkering with these conserved molecular processes to generate divergent mate preferences. Taken together, our study adds important new insights to our understanding of the molecular processes underlying female decision-making critical for generating sexual isolation and speciation.
Representational drawing ability is associated with the syntactic language comprehension phenotype in autistic individuals
Authors: Vyshedskiy Andrey , Venkatesh Rohan , Khokhlovich Edward 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe relationship between symbolic thinking and language abilities is a topic of intense debate. We have recently discovered three distinct phenotypes of language comprehension, which we defined as command, modifier and syntactic phenotypes (Vyshedskiy et al., 2024). Individuals in thecommandphenotype were limited to comprehension of simple commands, while those in themodifierphenotype showed additional comprehension of color, size, and number modifiers. Finally, individuals in the most-advancedsyntacticphenotype added comprehension of spatial prepositions, verb tenses, flexible syntax, possessive pronouns, complex explanations, and fairytales. In this report we analyzed how these three language phenotypes differed in their symbolic thinking as exhibited through their drawing abilities. In a cohort of 39,654 autistic individuals 4- to 21-years-of-age, parents reported that ‘drawing, coloring and art’ was manifested by 36.0% of participants. Among these individuals, representational drawing was manifested by 54.1% of individuals with syntactic-, 27.7% of those with modifier-, and 10.1% of those with command-phenotype (all pairwise differences between the phenotypes were statistically significant,p< 0.0001). The ability to draw a novel image per parent’s description (e.g. a three-headed horse) was reported by 34.6% of individuals with syntactic-, 7.9% of those with modifier-, and 1.9% of individuals with command-phenotype (all pairwise differences between the phenotypes were statistically significant,p< 0.0001). These results show strong association between the representational drawing ability and the syntactic-language-comprehension-phenotype, suggesting a potential benefit of drawing interventions in language therapy.
Residential Methamphetamine Contamination in Boulder Colorado: Incidence and Implications
Authors: Dennison James E. , Minick Norris 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe manufacture and use of methamphetamine (meth) is a significant problem, in part because it can lead to the contamination of properties where it occurs. Meth contamination can lead to health issues for occupants as well as very high remediation costs for property owners. But even in a state like Colorado, where meth testing and remediation are highly regulated, the number of residences or other types of property that are contaminated in excess of health standards is unknown. Generally, testing for meth contamination occurs only after a property is identified as a likely site for meth use or manufacture, whether by law enforcement, the property owner, or a potential buyer. For this paper, a unique random data set based on a real estate broker’s meth screening program was used to determine the incidence of contaminated residences in general. Brokerage clients put 303 residential properties under contract between 2013 and 2022, of which 288 (95%) were screened for meth contamination. Meth was detected in 45 of the 288 screening tests (16%), many at trace levels, while 84% contained no detectable meth. Comprehensive testing was subsequently performed on 35 of these 45 properties and ten of the original 288 (3.47%) screened properties contained meth contamination above state health standards. While the sample size of this analysis was modest, it provides a first real estimate of the incidence of meth-contaminated residential property and an indication of the environmental health significance of this issue.
Association between cardiometabolic phenotypes with atherogenic index of plasma: a cross-sectional study from the Azar Cohort Study
Authors: Soheilifard Shireen , Mahdavi Reza , Faramarzi Elnaz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study was conducted to determine the relationship between cardiometabolic phenotypes and atherogenic index of plasma in the Azar cohort population.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 9,515 participants aged 35 to 55, using data from the Azar Cohort Study. Metabolic syndrome was defined based on ATP III criteria. Participants were then classified into four cardiometabolic phenotypes by considering BMI and metabolic syndrome components: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW, BMI <25 kg/m²), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUHNW, BMI <25 kg/m²), metabolically healthy obese (MHO, BMI ≥25 kg/m²), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO, BMI ≥25 kg/m²). AIP was calculated.ResultAmong the subjects, 4,801 (50.5%) were metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and 2,680 (28.2%) were metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO). High-risk AIP levels (>0.21) differed significantly across cardiometabolic phenotypes, with MUHNW (79.6%) and MUHO (64.6%) showing the highest proportions compared to MHNW (13.5%) and MHO (18.6%). After adjusting for confounders, multinomial logistic regression analysis showed individuals in the third tertile of AIP were 103.46 times more likely to be MUHNW (OR = 103.46, 95% CI: 52.82– 202.64), 55.77 times more likely to be MUHO (OR = 55.77, 95% CI: 45.65–68.12), and 2.22 times more likely to be MHO (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.91–2.64) compared to the MHNW phenotype (p < 0.001 for all).ConclusionThe study demonstrates significant variation in high-risk AIP levels across cardiometabolic phenotypes, emphasizing the need for detailed metabolic health assessments beyond BMI to better predict cardiovascular risk.
Fast analysis of Spatial Transcriptomics (FaST): an ultra lightweight and fast pipeline for the analysis of high resolution spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Fulci Valerio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecently, several protocols repurposing the Illumina flow cells as an RNA capture device for spatial transcriptomics have been reported. These protocols yield high volumes of sequencing data which are usually analyzed through the use of HPC clusters. I report inhere a novel pipeline for the analysis of high resolution spatial transcriptomics datasets obtained on Illumina flow cells. FaST is compatible with OpenST, seq-scope and potentially other protocols. It allows full reconstruction of the spatially resolved transcriptome, including cell segmentation, of datasets consisting of more than 500 M million reads in as little as two hours on a standard multi core workstation with 32 Gb of RAM. The FaST pipeline returns RNA segmented ST datasets suitable for subsequent analysis through commonly used packages (e.g scanpy or seurat).Notably, the pipeline I present relies on the spateo-release package for RNA segmentation, and does not require Hematoxylin/Eosin or any other imaging procedure to guide cell segmentation. Nevertheless, integration with other software for imaging-guided cell segmentation is still possible.
Learning facilitation is service indeed: examining how servant leadership leads to employee engagement in learning
Authors: Khan Muhammad Mumtaz , Mubarik Muhammad Shujaat , Ahmed Syed Saad , Jaboob Ali Said 
Published: July 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to ascertain the role of servant leadership in promoting employees’ engagement in learning activities. Additionally, the study is intended to explicate the mediating role of employees’ promotion focus relating servant leadership to employees’ engagement in learning activities.

Design/methodology/approach
Data was collected from 401 manager–subordinate dyads employed in the Pakistani software industry located in Karachi in two phases which were conducted two months apart. The data analysis was done through hierarchical regression.

Findings
The study found that servant leadership was related to promotion focus and employees’ learning engagement. The study also found promotion focus was related to employees’ learning engagement. Finally, the results revealed promotion focus mediates the relationship between servant leadership and employees’ learning engagement.

Originality/value
The study unearthed the previously unexplored role of servant leadership in affecting employees’ engagement in learning activities. Additionally, the study explicated how servant leadership affects employees’ promotion focus to motivate employees’ learning engagement.