bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sichere oder eindeutige Konformitätsaussagen? Ein alternativer Ansatz zur Berücksichtigung der Messunsicherheit bei Variablenprüfungen
Authors: Lindenlauf Frank , Krämer Bernhard 
Published: September 2014

Zusammenfassung
Diese Arbeit zeigt einen alternativen Weg auf, mit dem sich das
Dilemma von nicht entscheidbaren dichotomen Variablenprüfungen
auflösen lässt. Dieses Dilemma kann entstehen, wenn etwa die Regeln
der (DIN EN) ISO 14253-1 zur Entscheidung der Übereinstimmung eines
Prüfmerkmals, eines Bauteils oder jedes anderen Prüfobjekts mit seiner
Spezifikation angewendet werden. Das hier beschriebene Verfahren
basiert auf der Anwendung von Hypothesentests. Entscheidend ist dabei
erstens ein vorgegebenes Signifikanzniveau, auf dem die
Prüfentscheidung getroffen werden soll, und zweitens die Aufhebung der
oft angenommenen aber unwahrscheinlichen Gleichwertigkeit der zwei
möglichen Fehler oder Risiken bei der Entscheidung. Auf dieser
Grundlage kann die von einer Prüfung geforderte Entscheidung zu einem
eindeutigen Ergebnis gebracht werden: Annahme oder Rückweisung. Durch
Einführung des Übereinstimmungsbereichs und des
Nichtübereinstimmungsbereichs einerseits sowie eines
Unsicherheitsbereichs andererseits unterstellen gängige
Entscheidungsregeln, wie die ISO 14253-1, die Möglichkeit einer
absolut sicheren Entscheidung, nämlich für jedes Messergebnis
außerhalb des Unsicherheitsbereichs. Dieses stillschweigend
angestrebte, aber grundsätzlich nicht erreichbare Ziel einer absolut
sicheren Entscheidung wird deshalb in dieser Arbeit zugunsten einer
eindeutigen Entscheidung aufgegeben. Annahmegrenzen und zugehörige
Rückweisungsgrenzen werden (wieder) zusammengeführt.
Analysis of Cracked and Notched Round Bars Under Rotary Bending
Authors: Carpinteri Andrea , Ronchei Camilla , Vantadori Sabrina 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The fatigue growth of surface flaws in both smooth and notched round bars subjected to rotary bending was numerically simulated by means of a two-parameter theoretical model proposed by the first author. The stress intensity factor distribution along the crack front was needed in order to apply the model. Therefore, finite element analyses and the superposition principle were used to determine such a distribution for a wide range of crack configurations and any position of the flaw with respect to the bending moment axis. The results related to rotary bending are compared to those related to pulsating cyclic bending, and a qualitative comparison is made with some data reported in the literature.
Environmentally Considerate Lubricants
Authors: Rhee In-Sik 
Published: September 2014

Description
Featuring 9 papers that discuss various topics related to the fundamentals of biobased lubricants, industrial trends, applications, new test methods, and environmental policies.
These papers, and the symposium from which they originated, provide details on current research efforts to advance use of biobased and other environmentally considerate lubricants with the purpose of developing new and improved environment test methods.
This research is due to the increasing interest in Environmentally Acceptable (EA) or Considerate (EC) Lubricants, especially, among vessel, agricultural, construction, forestry, lumber, and mining industries where involuntary or accidental fluid leakage or spillage is detrimental to the environment. With increasing use of EA lubricants, the consumption of petroleum crude oil can decrease. Currently, biobased lubricants are considered as EA lubricants due to their environmental properties such as a high biodegradability, low toxicity and no bioaccumulation. The biobased lubricant is currently formulated with oils extracted from renewable resources such as plants, crops, trees or animals. These types of fluids are considered less toxic and more biodegradable than conventional petroleum based oils.
ASTM D02.12 Subcommittee on Environmental Standards of Lubricants promotes the knowledge and the development of standards to measure environmental persistence of various lubricants (e.g., biodegradation, ecotoxicity and bioaccumulation). These papers were the result of discussions at the second Environment Symposium on Environmentally Considerate Lubricants which was held on December 9, 2013 at Tampa, Florida.
SOCS genes expression during physiological and perturbed implantation in bovine endometrium
Authors: Vitorino Carvalho A , Reinaud P , Forde N , Healey G D , Eozenou C , Giraud-Delville C , Mansouri-Attia N , Gall L , Richard C , Lonergan P , Sheldon I M , Lea R G , Sandra O 
Published: September 2014

In mammals, suppressor of cytokine signalling (CISH, SOCS1 to SOCS7) factors control signalling pathways involved in the regulation of numerous physiological processes including pregnancy. In order to gain new insights into the biological functions of SOCS in the endometrium, a comprehensive analysis ofSOCSgene expression was carried out in bovine caruncular (CAR) and intercaruncular (ICAR) tissues collected i) during the oestrous cycle, ii) at the time of maternal recognition of pregnancy and at implantation in inseminated females, iii) following uterine interferon-tau (IFNT) infusion at day 14 post-oestrus, iv) following a period of controlled intravaginal progesterone release and v) following transfer of embryos by somatic-cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The regulatory effects of IFNT onin vitrocultured epithelial and stromal cells were also examined. Altogether, our data showed thatCISH,SOCS4,SOCS5andSOCS7mRNA levels were poorly affected during luteolysis and pregnancy. In contrast,SOCS1,SOCS2,SOCS3andSOCS6mRNA levels were strongly up-regulated at implantation (day 20 of pregnancy). Experimentalin vitroandin vivomodels demonstrated that onlyCISH,SOCS1,SOCS2andSOCS3were IFNT-induced genes. Immunohistochemistry showed an intense SOCS3 and SOCS6 staining in the nucleus of luminal and glandular epithelium and of stromal cells of pregnant endometrium. Finally,SOCS3expression was significantly increased in SCNT pregnancies in keeping with the altered immune function previously reported in this model of compromised implantation. Collectively, our data suggest that spatio-temporal changes in endometrialSOCSgene expression reflect the acquisition of receptivity, maternal recognition of pregnancy and implantation.Free French abstractA French translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/148/6/545/suppl/DC1.
Genetic Influences on Brain Gene Expression in Rats Selected for Tameness and Aggression
Authors: Heyne Henrike O , Lautenschläger Susann , Nelson Ronald , Besnier François , Rotival Maxime , Cagan Alexander , Kozhemyakina Rimma , Plyusnina Irina Z , Trut Lyudmila , Carlborg Örjan , Petretto Enrico , Kruglyak Leonid , Pääbo Svante , Schöneberg Torsten , Albert Frank W 
Published: September 2014

AbstractInterindividual differences in many behaviors are partly due to genetic differences, but the identification of the genes and variants that influence behavior remains challenging. Here, we studied an F2 intercross of two outbred lines of rats selected for tame and aggressive behavior toward humans for &gt;64 generations. By using a mapping approach that is able to identify genetic loci segregating within the lines, we identified four times more loci influencing tameness and aggression than by an approach that assumes fixation of causative alleles, suggesting that many causative loci were not driven to fixation by the selection. We used RNA sequencing in 150 F2 animals to identify hundreds of loci that influence brain gene expression. Several of these loci colocalize with tameness loci and may reflect the same genetic variants. Through analyses of correlations between allele effects on behavior and gene expression, differential expression between the tame and aggressive rat selection lines, and correlations between gene expression and tameness in F2 animals, we identify the genes Gltscr2, Lgi4, Zfp40, and Slc17a7 as candidate contributors to the strikingly different behavior of the tame and aggressive animals.
Experiments and numerical calculation to determine aerodynamic characteristics of flows around 3D wings
Authors: Son Nguyen Hong , Ngoc Hoang Thi Bich , Phong Dinh Van , Hung Nguyen Manh 
Published: September 2014

The report presents method and results of experiments in wind tunnel to determine aerodynamic characteristics of 3D wings by measuring pressure distribution on the wing surfaces. Simultaneously, a numerical method by using sources and doublets distributed on panel elements of wing surface also is carried out to calculate flows around 3D wings. This computational method allows solving inviscid problems for wings with thickness profile. The experimental and numerical results are compared to each other to verify the built program that permits to extend the range of applications with the variation of wing profiles, wing planforms, and incidence angles.
Composting Invasive Plants in the Rio Grande River
Authors: Meier Erica J. , Waliczek Tina M. , Abbott Michael L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of whole-plant composting on the viability of seeds and other propagules of the invasive plant species waterhyacinth, waterlettuce, hydrilla, and giant reed while producing a valuable compost product. Invasive species were subjected to preliminary germination and growth tests and oven mortality tests to evaluate whether species distribution was via seeds, vegetative propagules, or both, as well as whether the composting process had the potential, through the high temperatures obtained, to kill seeds and other propagules. Germination and growth tests determined the means by which invasive species spread. Oven tests determined the temperatures at which unscarified and scarified seeds and propagules were rendered inviable. Achieving temperatures of at least 57.2 C was necessary within constructed compost piles to effectively kill the plants without the danger of redistribution. In the field, the study successfully developed a large-scale composting operation using invasive plant species as the primary feedstock. Analysis of field-scale composting showed final materials were within satisfactory to ideal levels for samples analyzed by the U.S. Compost Council's Seal of Testing Assurance Program and were, therefore, a valuable compost product.
Mechanisms Underlying Nonindigenous Plant Impacts: A Review of Recent Experimental Research
Authors: Skurski Tanya C. , Rew Lisa J. , Maxwell Bruce D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNonindigenous plant species (NIS) can affect individuals, communities, and ecosystems through numerous direct and indirect mechanisms. To synthesize the current understanding of how NIS cause impacts, we reviewed experimental research from the past decade. We found alteration of the microenvironment, such as incident light and air and soil temperature, was much more often a mechanism underlying NIS impacts than competition for soil water and nutrients. NIS litter frequently caused the alteration of microenvironments, and litter effects were often of greater consequence than the effects of live NIS plants. Results supported altered soil microbial communities and mycorrhizal associations as mechanisms underlying NIS impacts on native plant growth, community structure, and nutrient cycling. Impacts often could not be attributed to a single mechanism, highlighting the need for multi-factor studies that identify and distinguish between multiple, concurrently operating mechanisms. Overall, our synthesis indicates that effective management will require attention to legacy effects of NIS, that removing live NIS may not ameliorate impacts, and that removal of dead NIS biomass may be necessary for native species' survival. Furthermore, rehabilitating soil microbial and mycorrhizal communities may be crucial for successful post-NIS management revegetation.
Long-Distance Dispersal and Diffusion in the Invasion of Lonicera maackii
Authors: Gorchov David L. , Castellano Steven M. , Noe Douglas A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTo investigate the relative importance of long-distance dispersal vs. diffusion in the invasion of a nonnative plant, we used age structure to infer the contribution to recruitment of external propagule rain vs. within-population reproduction. We quantified the age structure of 14 populations of Amur honeysuckle in a landscape where it recently invaded, in Darke County, OH. We sampled the largest honeysuckle individuals in each population (woodlots), and aged these by counting annual rings in stem cross sections. Individuals in the oldest four 1-yr age classes are assumed to be from external recruitment, given the minimum age at which shrubs reproduce. We used these recruitment rates to model external recruitment over the next 5 yr and used observed age structures to estimate total recruitment. We used the difference between total and external recruitment to infer the rate of internal recruitment. Our findings indicate that recruitment from within the population is of about the same magnitude as immigration in the fifth to seventh year after population establishment, but by years 8 to 9 internal recruitment dominates. At the landscape scale, the temporal-spatial pattern of population establishment supports a stratified dispersal model, with the earliest populations establishing in widely spaced woodlots, about 4 km from existing populations, and these serving as “nascent foci” for diffusion to nearby woodlots. Understanding the relative importance of long-distance dispersal vs. diffusion will inform management, e.g., whether it is more effective to scout for isolated shrubs or remove reproducing shrubs at the edge of invaded areas.
Mass Spectrometry-Based Serum and Plasma Peptidome Profiling for Prediction of Treatment Outcome in Patients With Solid Malignancies
Authors: Labots Mariette , Schütte Lisette M. , van der Mijn Johannes C. , Pham Thang V. , Jiménez Connie R. , Verheul Henk M.W. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntroduction.Treatment selection tools are needed to enhance the efficacy of targeted treatment in patients with solid malignancies. Providing a readout of aberrant signaling pathways and proteolytic events, mass spectrometry-based (MS-based) peptidomics enables identification of predictive biomarkers, whereas the serum or plasma peptidome may provide easily accessible signatures associated with response to treatment. In this systematic review, we evaluate MS-based peptide profiling in blood for prompt clinical implementation.Methods.PubMed and Embase were searched for studies using a syntax based on the following hierarchy: (a) blood-based matrix-assisted or surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS peptide profiling (b) in patients with solid malignancies (c) prior to initiation of any treatment modality, (d) with availability of outcome data.Results.Thirty-eight studies were eligible for review; the majority were performed in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Median classification prediction accuracy was 80% (range: 66%–93%) in 11 models from 14 studies reporting an MS-based classification model. A pooled analysis of 9 NSCLC studies revealed clinically significant median progression-free survival in patients classified as “poor outcome” and “good outcome” of 2.0 ± 1.06 months and 4.6 ± 1.60 months, respectively; median overall survival was also clinically significant at 4.01 ± 1.60 months and 10.52 ± 3.49 months, respectively.Conclusion.Pretreatment MS-based serum and plasma peptidomics have shown promising results for prediction of treatment outcome in patients with solid tumors. Limited sample sizes and absence of signature validation in many studies have prohibited clinical implementation thus far. Our pooled analysis and recent results from the PROSE study indicate that this profiling approach enables treatment selection, but additional prospective studies are warranted.
Genome-Based Risk Prediction for Early Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Adaniel Christina , Jhaveri Komal , Heguy Adriana , Esteva Francisco J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Tests to better characterize tumor genomic architecture are quickly becoming a standard of care in oncology. For breast cancer, the use of gene expression assays for early stage disease is already common practice. These tests have found a place in risk stratifying the heterogeneous group of stage I–II breast cancers for recurrence, for predicting chemotherapy response, and for predicting breast cancer-related mortality. In the last 5 years, more assays have become available to the practicing oncologist. Given the rapidity with which this field has evolved, it is prudent to review the tests, their indications, and the studies from which they have been validated. We present a comprehensive review of the available gene expression assays for early stage breast cancer. We review data for several individual tests and comparative studies looking at risk prediction and cost-effectiveness.
How to Implement a Geriatric Assessment in Your Clinical Practice
Authors: Sattar Schroder , Alibhai Shabbir M.H. , Wildiers Hans , Puts Martine T.E. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Cancer is a disease that mostly affects older adults. Other health conditions, changes in functional status, and use of multiple medications change the risks and benefits of cancer treatment for older adults. Several international organizations, such as the International Society of Geriatric Oncology, the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, recommend the conduct of a geriatric assessment (GA) for older adults with cancer to help select the most appropriate treatment and identify any underlying undetected medical, functional, and psychosocial issues that can interfere with treatment. The aim of this review is to describe what a GA is and how to implement it in daily clinical practice for older adults with cancer in the oncology setting. We provide an overview of commonly used tools. Key considerations in performing the GA include the resources available (staff, space, and time), patient population (who will be assessed), what GA tools to use, and clinical follow-up (who will be responsible for using the GA results for developing care plans and who will provide follow-up care). Important challenges in implementing GA in clinical practice include not having easy and timely access to geriatric expertise, patient burden of the additional hospital visits, and establishing collaboration between the GA team and oncologists regarding expectations of the population referred for GA and expected outcomes of the GA. Finally, we provide some possible interventions for problems identified during the GA.
An Early Pregnancy HbA1c ≥5.9% (41 mmol/mol) Is Optimal for Detecting Diabetes and Identifies Women at Increased Risk of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Authors: Hughes Ruth C.E. , Moore M. Peter , Gullam Joanna E. , Mohamed Khadeeja , Rowan Janet 
Published: September 2014

OBJECTIVE
Pregnant women with undiagnosed diabetes are a high-risk group that may benefit from early intervention. Extrapolating from nonpregnancy data, HbA1c ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol) is recommended to define diabetes in pregnancy. Our aims were to determine the optimal HbA1c threshold for detecting diabetes in early pregnancy as defined by an early oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at &lt;20 weeks’ gestation and to examine pregnancy outcomes relating to this threshold.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
During 2008–2010 in Christchurch, New Zealand, women were offered an HbA1c measurement with their first antenatal bloods. Pregnancy outcome data were collected. A subset completed an early OGTT, and HbA1c performance was assessed using World Health Organization criteria.

RESULTS
HbA1c was measured at a median 47 days’ gestation in 16,122 women. Of those invited, 974/4,201 (23%) undertook an early OGTT. In this subset, HbA1c ≥5.9% (41 mmol/mol) captured all 15 cases of diabetes, 7 with HbA1c &lt;6.5% (&lt;48 mmol/mol). This HbA1c threshold was also 98.4% (95% CI 97–99.9%) specific for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) before 20 weeks (positive predictive value = 52.9%). In the total cohort, excluding women referred for GDM management, women with HbA1c of 5.9–6.4% (41–46 mmol/mol; n = 200) had poorer pregnancy outcomes than those with HbA1c &lt;5.9% (&lt;41 mmol/mol; n = 8,174): relative risk (95% CI) of major congenital anomaly was 2.67 (1.28–5.53), preeclampsia was 2.42 (1.34–4.38), shoulder dystocia was 2.47 (1.05–5.85), and perinatal death was 3.96 (1.54–10.16).

CONCLUSIONS
HbA1c measurements were readily performed in contrast to the low uptake of early OGTTs. HbA1c ≥5.9% (≥41 mmol/mol) identified all women with diabetes and a group at significantly increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
The Use of Chitosan–Dextran Gel Shows Anti-Inflammatory, Antibiofilm, and Antiproliferative Properties in Fibroblast Cell Culture
Authors: Paramasivan Sathish , Jones Damien , Baker Leonie , Hanton Lyall , Robinson Simon , Wormald Peter J. , Tan Lorwai 
Published: September 2014

Background Chitosan-dextran gel has been used as an antihemostatic agent and antiadhesive agent after endoscopic sinus surgery. Because Staphylococcus aureus biofilms have been implicated in recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis, this study aimed to further investigate the (i) anti-inflammatory, (ii) bacterial biofilm inhibition, (iii) antiproliferative effects, and (iv) wound-healing properties of chitosan and chitosan-dextran gel. Methods Fibroblasts were isolated from human nasal tissue and were used to determine the effects of chitosan and chitosan-dextran gel on (i) cell proliferation, (ii) wound healing, (iii) inflammation in fibroblast cultures challenged with superantigens S. aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) and toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST), and (iv) on S. aureus biofilms. Results Chitosan was highly effective at reducing IL-8 expression after TSST and SEB challenge. Chitosan was also effective at reducing IL-8 expression of nonchallenged fibroblasts showing its anti-inflammatory effects on fibroblasts in a diseased state. Chitosan-dextran gel showed strong antibiofilm properties at 50% (v/v) concentration in vitro. Dextran, on its own, showed antibiofilm properties at 1.25% (w/v) concentration. Chitosan, on its own, reduced proliferation of fibroblasts to 82% of control proliferation and chitosan-dextran gel reduced proliferation of the fibroblasts to 0.04% of control proliferation. Relative to the no treatment controls, chitosan-dextran gel significantly delayed the wound-healing rate over the first 48 hours of the experiment. Conclusion Chitosan-dextran gel reduced fibroblast proliferation and wound-healing time, showing a possible mechanism of reducing adhesions in the postsurgical period. Chitosan reduced IL-8 levels, showing its anti-inflammatory properties. Chitosan-dextran gel and dextran treatment showed antibiofilm properties in our model.