bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acid Chlorides: A Journey from Instability and Racemization Toward Broader Utility in Organic Synthesis Including Peptides and Their Mimetics
Authors: Prabhu Girish , Basavaprabhu Basavaprabhu , Narendra N. , Vishwanatha T. M. , Sureshbabu Vommina V. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractReview: [303 refs.
Enantioseparation of the Six Important Intermediates of Homoharringtonine With Immobilized Cellulose Chiral Stationary Phase
Authors: Zhou Jie , Du Qiuzheng , Sun Fang , Liu Qian , Zhang Zhenzhong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA new liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the chiral separation of the enantiomers of intermediates in the preparation of the ester side‐chain of homoharringtonine. The enantiomers were separated by a Chiralpak IC (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) in normal phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Four compounds were baseline resolved. By comparing the chromatographs of racemates and single enantiomers of the six intermediates, the enantiomeric excess values of the single enantiomers were evaluated, and the elution orders of the enantiomers were established. Chirality 27:538–542, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure and Absolute Configuration of Kongiidiazadione, a New Phytotoxic 3‐Substituted‐5‐Diazenylcyclopentendione Produced by Diaporthe Kongii
Authors: Evidente Marco , Boari Angela , Vergura Stefania , Cimmino Alessio , Vurro Maurizio , Ash Gavin , Superchi Stefano , Evidente Antonio 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA new 3‐substituted‐5‐diazenylcyclopentendione named kongiidiazadione was isolated from culture filtrates of Diaporthe kongii, associated with stem cankers on sunflower in Australia. Kongiidiazadione was characterized by spectroscopic (essentially nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR] and high‐resolution, electrospray ionization, mass spectrometry [HRESIMS]) methods as (−)‐5‐diazenyl‐3‐hydroxymethyl‐cyclopent‐3‐en‐1,2‐dione. The stereochemistry of the diazenyl group was determined by IR spectroscopy, while the (R) absolute configuration at C(5) was assigned by computational analysis of its electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectrum. When assayed on leaf disks of different plant species at 5 mM, the kongiidiazadione had a differential impact, causing clear necrosis, in particular to Helianthus annuus. Moreover, kongiidiazadione proved to have a weak antibacterial activity against gram‐positive Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Chirality 27:557–562, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mixed‐element Octree: a meshing technique toward fast and real‐time simulations in biomedical applications
Authors: Lobos Claudio , González Eugenio 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis article introduces a meshing technique focused on fast and real‐time simulation in a biomedical context. We describe in details our algorithm, which starts from a basic Octree regarding the constraints imposed by the simulation, and then, mixed‐element patterns are applied over transitions between coarse and fine regions. The use of surface patterns, also composed by mixed elements, allows us to better represent curved domains decreasing the odds of creating invalid elements by adding as few nodes as possible. In contrast with other meshing techniques, we let the user define regions of greater refinement, and as a consequence of that refinement, we add as few nodes as possible to produce a mesh that is topologically correct. Therefore, our meshing technique gives more control on the number of nodes of the final mesh. We show several examples where the quality of the final mesh is acceptable, even without using quality filters. We believe that this new meshing technique is in the correct direction toward real‐time simulation in the biomedical field. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extra‐glycaemic properties of empagliflozin
Authors: Solini Anna 
Published: May 2015

SummaryType 2 diabetes is a complex and multifaceted disease requiring an individualized approach. A special attention, in treating the patients, should be devoted to the presence of comorbidities like overweight or obesity and arterial hypertension. Among the available anti‐hyperglycaemic agents, several are associated with side effects like hypoglycaemia and weight gain. An increasing interest is reported in sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors, a relatively novel class of glucose‐lowering drugs that act independently of insulin, provide benefits beyond glucose‐lowering actions and show a better tolerability compared with traditional medications for type 2 diabetes. This review tries to offer a balanced view on the main extra‐glycaemic effects of empagliflozin, also mentioning clinical data obtained with other sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors; the role of the proximal tubule in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy and the potential nehroprotection exerted by this compound are also briefly discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new approach for species discrimination of different processed animal proteins based on fat characteristics
Authors: Pu Qiankun , Han Lujia , Liu Xian 
Published: May 2015

A new method for discriminating processed animal proteins (PAP) from different species based on their fat characteristics was established for the first time in this study. A total of 53 reliable PAP samples containing fish meal (FM), porcine, poultry, bovine, and ovine meat and bone meal (MBM) were collected, and 37 distinct fatty acids were statistically analyzed via gas chromatography. Principal component analysis and the partial least squares discriminant analysis algorithm were performed on the dataset. The results revealed that PAPs from different species could be clearly classified based on the presence or absence of fatty acid compounds with high sensitivity and specificity (>0.95), except for the discrimination of bovine MBM in the mixed dataset. It was possible to distinguish FM samples in the mixed dataset, ruminant MBM from non‐ruminant MBM and FM, and porcine MBM from poultry MBM samples based on the concentrations of 34 fatty acid compounds. Further discrimination of PAP samples from different species using fewer selected fatty acids was comparable to or better than discrimination based on the presence or absence and concentration of 34 fatty acid compounds.Practical applications: A new method for discriminating between processed animal proteins (PAP) from different species based on their fat characteristics was established for the first time in this study. Results suggested that the analytical methodology established in this study has great potential for species‐specific identification of PAP feed with respect to the global “mad cow” crisis.PCA visualisation based on the presence or absence of fatty acid, MBM, meat and bone meal, FM, fish meal.
Upgrading the quality of Africa's rice: a novel artisanal parboiling technology for rice processors in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Ndindeng Sali Atanga , Manful John , Futakuchi Koichi , Mapiemfu‐Lamare Delphine , Akoa‐Etoa Joséphine M. , Tang Erasmus N. , Bigoga Jude , Graham‐Acquaah Seth , Moreira Jean 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn order to increase the quality of locally produced rice, the artisanal parboiling process in West and Central Africa was reconceptualized. A novel parboiling unit was constructed using stainless steel (Inox 304) and fitted directly on an improved stove made from fired bricks. The heat profile at different locations in the unit, the physicochemical properties, cooking properties of the parboiled rice, and the fuel efficiency of the stove were evaluated and compared with that of the traditional system. The heat flow in the new unit was from the top to the bottom while the reverse occurred in the traditional unit. The percent impurities and heat‐damaged grains, swelling and water uptake ratios, amylose content, stickiness, and cohesiveness were lower for rice produced using the improved technology (IT) compared to the traditional technology (TT). Whole grains (%), lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), cooking time, viscosity were higher for rice produced using the IT compared to the TT. Most of physicochemical and cooking properties of rice produced using the IT were not different from that of premium quality imported rice and this was achieved when steaming time was between 20–25 min. The improved stove recorded a lower time to boil water and specific fuel consumption and a higher burning rate and firepower at the hot‐start high‐power phase compared to the traditional stove. Most end users rated the IT as easy and safe to use compared to the TT. The new technology was code‐named “Grain quality enhancer, Energy‐efficient and durable Material (GEM) parboiling technology.”
SPS: A Simulation Tool for Calculating Power of Set‐Based Genetic Association Tests
Authors: Li Jiang , Sham Pak Chung , Song Youqiang , Li Miaoxin 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTSet‐based association tests, combining a set of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms into a unified test, have become important approaches to identify weak‐effect or low‐frequency risk loci of complex diseases. However, there is no comprehensive and user‐friendly tool to estimate power of set‐based tests for study design. We developed a simulation tool to estimate statistical power of multiple representative set‐based tests (SPS). SPS has a graphic interface to facilitate parameter settings and result visualization. Advanced functions include loading real genotypes to define genetic architecture, set‐based meta‐analysis for risk loci with or without heterogeneity, and parallel simulations. In proof‐of‐principle examples, SPS took no more than 3 sec on average to estimate the power in a conventional setting. The SPS has been integrated into a user‐friendly software tool (KGG) as an independent functional module and it is freely available at http://statgenpro.psychiatry.hku.hk/limx/kgg/.
Site‐scale variability of streambank fluvial erodibility parameters as measured with a jet erosion test
Authors: Daly E. R. , Fox G. A. , Enlow H. K. , Storm D. E. , Hunt S. L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe erosion rate of cohesive streambanks is typically modelled using the excess shear stress equation, dependent on two erodibility parameters: critical shear stress and erodibility coefficient. The jet erosion test (JET) has become the most common method for estimating these erodibility parameters in situ. Typically, results from a few JETs are averaged to acquire a single set of parameters for characterizing a streambank layer; however, this may be inadequate for accurately characterizing erodibility. The research objectives were to investigate the variability of JET results from assumed homogeneous streambank layers and to estimate the number of JETs required to accurately characterize erodibility for use in predictive models. On three unique streambanks in Oklahoma and across a range of erodibility, 20 to 30 JETs were conducted over a span of three days at each site. Unique to this research, each JET was analysed using the Blaisdell, scour depth and iterative solutions. The required sample size to accurately estimate the erodibility parameters depended on the JET solution technique, the parameter being estimated, and the degrees of precision and confidence. Conducting three to five JETs per soil layer on a streambank typically provided an order of magnitude estimate of the erodibility parameters. Because the parameters were log‐normally distributed, using empirical equations to predict erosion properties based on soil characteristics will likely contain high uncertainty and thus should be used with caution. This study exemplifies the need to conduct in situ measurements using the JET to accurately characterize streambank resistance to fluvial erosion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population pharmacokinetics modeling and analysis of foretinib in adult patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Singh Rajendra P. , Patel Bela , Kallender Howard , Ottesen Lone H. , Adams Laurel M. , Cox Donna S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractForetinib is a multikinase inhibitor that inhibits multiple receptor tyrosine kinases, including MET and VEGFR, with the potential for treatment of solid tumors. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis is associated with overexpression of MET, and physiologic changes in the livers of HCC patients may decrease CYP3A isozyme‐mediated metabolism of foretinib. A population pharmacokinetic model of foretinib was developed to explore the effect of tumor type, formulation, and other covariates. Data from 1 HCC study in Asia and 3 non‐HCC studies in the United States with varying foretinib regimens and formulations were used for analysis. A 2‐compartment model with a linear first‐order absorption and elimination and lag time in absorption adequately described foretinib pharmacokinetics in 132 advanced non‐HCC and HCC patients and identified an effect of formulations on bioavailability. The bisphosphate salt capsules and freebase tablets had a relative bioavailability 37% and 20% higher, respectively, than the solution formulation. HCC patients had ≈19.6% lower mean clearance (70.14 L/h), ≈16% lower mean volume of distribution (1725.6 L), and higher dose‐normalized exposure compared with non‐HCC patients. This could be a result of differences in metabolism in HCC patients, body weight, or activity of CYP3A isozymes between Asian and Western cancer patients.
Intranasal administration of crushed ALO‐02 (extended‐release oxycodone with sequestered naltrexone): A randomized, controlled abuse‐potential study in nondependent recreational opioid users
Authors: Setnik Beatrice , Bramson Candace , Bass Almasa , Levy‐Cooperman Naama , Malhotra Bimal , Matschke Kyle , Sommerville Kenneth W. , Wolfram Gernot , Geoffroy Pierre 
Published: May 2015

AbstractALO‐02 is an abuse‐deterrent formulation consisting of capsules filled with pellets of extended‐release oxycodone surrounding sequestered naltrexone. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐/active‐controlled, 4‐way crossover study examined the abuse potential of crushed ALO‐02 administered intranasally to healthy, nondependent, recreational opioid users. Following drug discrimination and naloxone challenge, eligible participants (n = 32) entered a 4‐way crossover treatment phase: crushed single dose of 1 of 2 placebos, ALO‐02 30 mg/3.6 mg (oxycodone/naltrexone) or oxycodone immediate‐release (IR) 30 mg. Primary end points were Drug Liking and High, measured on visual analog scales (VAS) summarized as maximum effect (Emax) and effect occurring over 2 hours postdose (AUE0–2 h). Crushed ALO‐02 resulted in significantly lower scores versus oxycodone IR on Drug Liking (Emax, 60.5 vs 92.8; AUE0–2 h, 105.4 vs 160.0, respectively) and High (Emax, 25.2 vs 86.9; AUE0–2 h, 27.1 vs 136.4, respectively; n = 28; P < .0001). Adverse events occurred most frequently with oxycodone IR, followed by ALO‐02, then placebo, and were considered mild and consistent with opioid therapy. Crushed ALO‐02 administered intranasally to nondependent recreational opioid users resulted in significantly lower scores on Drug Liking/High VAS and other positive subjective measures versus crushed oxycodone IR, suggesting less abuse potential. Demonstration of actual abuse deterrence in the real world requires further research.
Effects of cultural power distance on group creativity and individual group member creativity
Authors: Yuan Feirong , Zhou Jing 
Published: May 2015

SummaryWe develop a conceptual model to theorize the impact of high versus low power distance cultural contexts on group creativity and individual group member creativity. High power distance cultural contexts manifest in group social environments where status differentiation among individuals is expected and accepted. This hierarchical social environment is substantially different from the relatively equal social environment in low power distance cultural contexts. Building on this premise, we theorize how and why power distance cultural contexts may (1) impact group creativity by influencing the divergent and convergent processes at the group level and (2) impact the creativity of individual group members by influencing an individual's cognitive task involvement and impression management motives. Further, we identify contextual factors and individual differences that may moderate the impact of power distance. This conceptual model advances our understanding of how creative processes in groups may differ in different cultural contexts as well as suggests ways to foster group creativity in non‐Western high power distance cultural contexts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New multicolor and rewritable holographic polymer film for three‐dimensional holographic display
Authors: Miura Sakiko , Kobayashi Satoshi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe have developed a new multicolor holographic polymer film. Our holographic polymer film contains 3‐[(2,4,6‐trichloro)azo]‐9H‐carbazole‐9‐ethanol (A‐1) and poly(methyl methacrylate). The holographic polymer film can be recorded with a holographic image without applying an external electric field. The diffraction efficiency was 57% at A‐1 with a 20 wt% of dope ratio.The writable holographic image writing for the holographic polymer film step used the silver halide photographic emulsion master plate 532‐nm laser beam under the nonelectric field. After the copy hologram is formed, our holographic polymer film can be displayed in red and green holographic images. Even though our holographic polymer film is rewritten over 200 times, the diffraction efficiency does not fall. As the holographic polymer film is manufactured using roll‐to‐roll techniques, although still in a laboratory scale in this study, it has a strong possibility of being manufactured in larger sizes with lower cost.
Quality of care and short‐ and long‐term outcomes of laryngeal cancer care in the elderly
Authors: Gourin Christine G. , Starmer Heather M. , Herbert Robert J. , Frick Kevin D. , Forastiere Arlene A. , Quon Harry , Eisele David W. , Dy Sydney M. 
Published: May 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo examine associations between quality of care, short‐ and long‐term treatment‐related outcomes, and costs in elderly patients treated for laryngeal squamous cell cancer (SCCA).Study DesignRetrospective analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare data.MethodsWe evaluated longitudinal data from 2,370 patients diagnosed with laryngeal SCCA from 2004 to 2007 using cross‐tabulations, multivariate regression, and survival analysis. Using quality indicators derived from guidelines for recommended care and performance measures, an overall summary measure of quality was calculated incorporating summary quality measures for diagnosis, initial treatment, performance, surveillance, treatment for recurrence, and end‐of‐life care.ResultsHigher‐quality care was associated with a lower likelihood of long‐term weight loss (odds ratio [OR] = 0.6 [0.5–0.8]), stricture (OR = 0.5 [0.3–0.8]), gastrostomy dependence (OR = 0.5 [0.4–0.7]), airway obstruction (OR = 0.7 [0.6–0.9]), tracheostomy (OR = 0.5 [0.3–0.7]), and pneumonia (OR = 0.7 [0.5–0.9]), but had no impact on the likelihood of dysphagia. Higher‐quality care was associated with lower risk of death in patients with dysphagia (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.7 [0.6–0.8]), weight loss (HR = 0.8 [0.6–0.9]), airway obstruction (HR = 0.7 [0.6–0.8]), tracheostomy (HR = 0.7 [0.5–0.9]), and pneumonia (HR = 0.8 [0.6–0.9]), but was not associated with survival differences in patients with gastrostomy dependence or stricture. Costs associated with dysphagia, weight loss, stricture, airway obstruction, and pneumonia were lower for patients receiving higher‐quality care.ConclusionsHigher‐quality larynx cancer care was associated with a reduced incidence of late airway and swallowing impairment after laryngeal SCCA treatment in elderly patients, with improved survival and reduced costs. These data suggest that greater attention to evidence‐based practices associated with quality indicators may lead to improved functional outcomes in the elderly.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 125:2323–2329, 2015
Modulation of Electronic State of π‐Conjugated Nickelladithiolene Complex Nanosheet
Authors: Kambe Tetsuya , Kusamoto Tetsuro , Sakamoto Ryota , Nishihara Hiroshi 
Published: May 2015

SummaryWe previously reported a nickelladithiolene nanosheet based on a π‐conjugated hexagonal network. A liquid–liquid and a gas–liquid interfacial reaction, using benzenehexathiol and nickel(II) acetate, produced the stacked and atomically thin nanosheets, respectively (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 2462). Here, we report the modulation of the electronic states on the nickelladithiolene nanosheet by means of the chemical reduction and oxidation reactions. The electronic states were determined by the binding energy of the sulfur peaks in the X‐ray photoelectron spectra.
Choice of Electrode Metal Influences the Chemoresistive Vapor Response of Brominated SWCNTs
Authors: Hines Deon , Karunwi Olukayode , Harrell William R. , Guiseppi‐Elie Anthony 
Published: May 2015

SummaryA series of functionalized single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) rationalized on the basis of covalent chemical modification to impart electron‐donating or electron‐withdrawing functionalities has been synthesized and characterized. Brominated SWNTs (SWNT‐Br) were dispersed in dimethyl formamide (DMF) and cast onto the interdigit space of microlithographically fabricated interdigitated microsensor electrodes (IMEs) of gold (Au) or platinum (Pt) that were unmodified or chemically modified with octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS). The resulting devices (receptors) were characterized by two–electrode impedance spectroscopy (EIS) with equivalent circuit modeling and by direct current (DC)‐based current‐voltage (IV) characterization in various gases/vapors. The chemoresistive responses to these same gases/vapors were determined under DC conditions by continuous monitoring following flow injection of gas/vapor. The EIS and I‐V characterization produced similar results that averaged 40.7 ± 1.1 ohms at the Au‐electrode devices and 73.9 ± 1.9 ohms at the Pt‐ electrode devices confirming that the choice of metal greatly influences the magnitude of DC and AC responses. Exposure to vapors via flow injection results in ethanol (EtOH) > methyl isoamyl ketone (MIAK) > octane > toluene and with higher relative and more reproducible responses at Au compared to Pt devices. Surface modification influences the reproducibility of both devices.