bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ERRγ enhances UCP1 expression and fatty acid oxidation in brown adipocytes
Authors: Dixen Karen , Basse Astrid L. , Murholm Maria , Isidor Marie S. , Hansen Lillian H. L. , Petersen M. Christine H. , Madsen Lise , Petrovic Natasa , Nedergaard Jan , Quistorff Bjørn , Hansen Jacob B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:Estrogen‐related receptors (ERRs) are important regulators of energy metabolism. Here we investigated the hypothesis that ERRγ impacts on differentiation and function of brown adipocytes.Design and Methods:We characterize the expression of ERRγ in adipose tissues and cell models and investigate the effects of modulating ERR? activity on UCP1 gene expression and metabolic features of brown and white adipocytes.Results:ERRγ was preferentially expressed in brown compared to white fat depots, and ERRγ was induced during cold‐induced browning of subcutaneous white adipose tissue and brown adipogenesis. Overexpression of ERRγ positively regulated uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression levels during brown adipogenesis. This ERRγ‐induced augmentation of UCP1 expression was independent of the presence of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor coactivator‐1 (PGC‐1α) but was associated with increased rates of fatty acid oxidation in adrenergically stimulated cells. ERR? did not influence mitochondrial biogenesis, and its reduced expression in white adipocytes could not explain their low expression level of UCP1.Conclusions:Through its augmenting effect on expression of UCP1, ERRγ may physiologically be involved in increasing the potential for energy expenditure in brown adipocytes, a function that is becoming of therapeutic interest.
Increased Smad signaling and reduced MRF expression in skeletal muscle from obese subjects
Authors: Watts Rani , McAinch Andrew J. , Dixon John B. , O'Brien Paul E. , Cameron‐Smith David 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:The molecular mechanisms underpinning the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with insulin resistance remain to be extensively investigated. There is mounting recognition that certain ligands of the transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β family are upregulated in insulin resistant states, including obesity. This study analyses the expression of potent ligands of this family, TGF‐β1 and myostatin (MSTN) and downstream components of the canonical TGF‐β family signaling pathway (Smads) in skeletal muscle from lean and insulin resistant obese subjects.Design and Methods:Biopsies taken from the rectus abdominis muscle of lean (n = 13) and obese subjects (n = 20) were analyzed for the expression of TGF‐β1 and MSTN as well as TGF‐β signaling components, Smad2, 3, and 4, and transcription of the muscle regulatory factors (MRFs), MyoD and myogenin.Results:Increases in Smad2 and Smad3 phosphorylation, Smad4 and total Smad3 were observed to be coincident with altered transcription of MyoD and myogenin. TGF‐β1 and MSTN protein levels were not significantly altered.Conclusion:Thus, increased Smad signaling is likely to account for, at least, a proportion of obesity and insulin resistance‐related muscle atrophy through reduced MRF, particularly MyoD, transcription. The major regulatory ligand may not be MSTN and further members of the TGF‐β1 superfamily should be considered.
Longitudinal associations between BMI, waist circumference, and cardiometabolic risk in US youth: Monitoring implications
Authors: Jago R. , Mendoza J. A. , Chen T. , Baranowski T. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:This study examined whether change in body mass index (BMI) or waist circumference (WC) is associated with change in cardiometabolic risk factors and differences between cardiovascular disease specific and diabetes specific risk factors among adolescents. We also sought to examine any differences by gender or baseline body mass status.Design:The article is a longitudinal analysis of pre‐ and post‐data collected in the HEALTHY trial. Participants were 4,603 ethnically diverse adolescents who provided complete data at 6th and 8th grade assessments.Methods:The main outcome measures were percent change in the following cardiometabolic risk factors: fasting triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose as well as a clustered metabolic risk score. Main exposures were change in BMI or WC z‐score. Models were run stratified by gender; secondary models were additionally stratified by baseline BMI group (normal, overweight, or obese).Results:Analysis showed that when cardiometabolic risk factors were treated as continuous variables, there was strong evidence (P < 0.001) that change in BMI z‐score was associated with change in the majority of the cardiovascular risk factors, except fasting glucose and the combined risk factor score for both boys and girls. There was some evidence that change in WC z‐score was associated with some cardiovascular risk factors, but change in WC z‐score was consistently associated with changes in fasting glucose.Conclusions:In conclusion, routine monitoring of BMI should be continued by health professionals, but additional information on disease risk may be provided by assessing WC.
Circulating regulatory T cells are reduced in obesity and may identify subjects at increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Wagner Nana‐Maria , Brandhorst Gunnar , Czepluch Frauke , Lankeit Mareike , Eberle Christoph , Herzberg Sebastian , Faustin Vivien , Riggert Joachim , Oellerich Michael , Hasenfuss Gerd , Konstantinides Stavros , Schäfer Katrin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:Reduced numbers of regulatory T (Treg) cells have been observed in visceral adipose tissue of obese mice and humans. However, it is unknown whether human obesity affects circulating Treg cells and whether their number is associated with markers of systemic inflammation or glucose intolerance.Design and Methods:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated from venous blood of obese (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2; n = 30) and nonobese (BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2; n = 13) individuals and analyzed using flow cytometry for the expression of CD4, CD25, and Foxp3.Results:Reduced circulating Treg‐cell numbers were detected in obese compared with nonobese study participants (P = 0.038). Circulating CD4+CD25+CD127−Foxp3 Treg cells inversely correlated with body weight (P = 0.009), BMI (P = 0.004) and plasma leptin levels (P = 0.004) and were reduced in subjects with hsCRP ≥ 3.0 mg/L (P = 0.034) or HbA1c ≥ 5.5% (P < 0.005). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed a cutoff of circulating Treg cells < 1.06% to be predictive for hsCRP levels ≥ 3.0 mg/L, and logistic regression showed that the risk of having hsCRP levels ≥ 3.0 mg/L was increased 9.6‐fold (P = 0.008), if Treg cells were below this threshold. The Treg cutoff for HbA1c levels ≥ 5.5% was 0.73%, and this cutoff also predicted an increased risk of having elevated levels of both hsCRP and HbA1c, if only obese subjects were examined.Conclusion:Our findings thus reveal an association between circulating Treg cells and measures of adiposity, inflammation, and glucose intolerance. Although further prospective studies are needed, we present data suggesting that the determination of Treg cells might be useful to identify obese subjects at increased risk of developing cardiovascular and/or metabolic complications.
Pressuring and restrictive feeding styles influence infant feeding and size among a low‐income African‐American sample
Authors: Thompson Amanda L. , Adair Linda S. , Bentley Margaret E. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:The prevalence of overweight among infants and toddlers has increased dramatically in the past three decades, highlighting the importance of identifying factors contributing to early excess weight gain, particularly in high‐risk groups. Parental feeding styles and the attitudes and behaviors that characterize parental approaches to maintaining or modifying children's eating behavior are an important behavioral component shaping early obesity risk.Design and Methods:Using longitudinal data from the Infant Care and Risk of Obesity Study, a cohort study of 217 African‐American mother‐infant pairs with feeding styles, dietary recalls, and anthropometry collected from 3 to 18 months of infant age, we examined the relationship between feeding styles, infant diet, and weight‐for‐age and sum of skinfolds.Results:Longitudinal mixed models indicated that higher pressuring and indulgent feeding style scores were positively associated with greater infant energy intake, reduced odds of breastfeeding, and higher levels of age‐inappropriate feeding of liquids and solids, whereas restrictive feeding styles were associated with lower energy intake, higher odds of breastfeeding, and reduced odds of inappropriate feeding. Pressuring and restriction were also oppositely related to infant size with pressuring associated with lower infant weight‐for‐age and restriction with higher weight‐for‐age and sum of skinfolds. Infant size also predicted maternal feeding styles in subsequent visits indicating that the relationship between size and feeding styles is likely bidirectional.Conclusion:Our results suggest that the degree to which parents are pressuring or restrictive during feeding shapes the early feeding environment and, consequently, may be an important environmental factor in the development of obesity.
Moderate‐To‐vigorous physical activity is associated with decreases in body mass index from ages 9 to 15 years
Authors: Mitchell J. A. , Pate R. R. , España‐Romero V. , O'Neill J. R. , Dowda M. , Nader P. R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:The purpose of this study is to determine whether time spent in objectively measured physical activity is associated with change in body mass index (BMI) from ages 9 to 15.Design and Methods:The participants were enrolled in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (n = 938). At ages 9, 11, 12, and 15 the time spent in moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was objectively measured, and BMI was calculated (kg/m2). Longitudinal quantile regression was used to analyze the data. The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th BMI percentiles were modeled as the dependent variables with age and MVPA (h/day) modeled as predictors. Adjustment was also made for gender, race, sleep, healthy eating score, maternal education, and sedentary behavior.Results:A negative association between MVPA and change in BMI was observed at the 90th BMI percentile (−3.57, 95% CI −5.15 to −1.99 kg/m2 per hour of MVPA). The negative association between time spent in MVPA and change in BMI was progressively weaker toward the 10th BMI percentile (−0.27, 95% CI −0.62 to 0.07 kg/m2 per hour of MVPA). The associations remained similar after adjusting for the covariates, and when the analyses were stratified by gender.Conclusion:Time spent in MVPA was negatively associated with change in BMI from age 9 to 15. The association was strongest at the upper tail of the BMI distribution, and increasing time spent in MVPA could help reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity.
Effects of a lifestyle intervention on adiposity and fitness in overweight or low fit preschoolers (Ballabeina)
Authors: Niederer I. , Bürgi F. , Ebenegger V. , Marques‐Vidal P. , Schindler C. , Nydegger A. , Kriemler S. , Puder J. J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:Overweight (OW) and low fit children represent cardiovascular high‐risk groups. A multidimensional school‐based lifestyle intervention performed in 652 preschoolers reduced skinfold thickness and waist circumference, and improved fitness, but did not affect BMI. The objective of this study is to examine whether the intervention was equally effective in OW (≥90th national percentile) and/or low fit (lowest sex‐ and age‐adjusted quartile of aerobic fitness) children compared to their normal weight and normal fit counterparts.Design and Methods:Cluster randomized controlled single blinded trial, conducted in 2008/09 in 40 randomly selected preschool classes in Switzerland. The intervention included a playful physical activity program and lessons on nutrition, media use and sleeps. Primary outcomes were BMI and aerobic fitness; secondary outcomes included sum of four skinfolds, waist circumference and motor agility. Modification of intervention effects by BMI‐group and fitness‐group was tested by interaction terms.Results:Compared to their counterparts, OW children (n = 130) had more beneficial effects on waist circumference (p for interaction = 0.001) and low fit children (n = 154) more beneficial effects on all adiposity outcomes (p for interaction ≤0.03). The intervention effects on both fitness outcomes were not modified by BMI‐ or fitness‐group (all p for interaction ≥0.2). Average intervention effect sizes for BMI were −0.12, −0.05, −0.26 and −0.02 kg/m2 and for aerobic fitness were 0.40, 0.30, 0.12 and 0.36 stages for OW, normal weight, low fit and normal fit children, respectively.Conclusions: This multidimensional intervention was equally and for some adiposity measures even more effective in high‐risk preschoolers and represents a promising option for these children.
Aerobic exercise alone results in clinically significant weight loss for men and women: Midwest exercise trial 2
Authors: Donnelly Joseph E. , Honas Jeffery J. , Smith Bryan K. , Mayo Matthew S. , Gibson Cheryl A. , Sullivan Debra K. , Lee Jaehoon , Herrmann Stephen D. , Lambourne Kate , Washburn Rik A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractExercise is recommended by public health agencies for weight management; however, the role of exercise is generally considered secondary to energy restriction. Few studies exist that have verified completion of exercise, measured the energy expenditure of exercise, and prescribed exercise with equivalent energy expenditure across individuals and genders.Objective:The objective of this study was to evaluate aerobic exercise, without energy restriction, on weight loss in sedentary overweight and obese men and women.Design and Methods:This investigation was a randomized, controlled, efficacy trial in 141 overweight and obese participants (body mass index, 31.0 ± 4.6 kg/m2; age 22.6 ± 3.9 years). Participants were randomized (2:2:1 ratio) to exercise at either 400 kcal/session or 600 kcal/session or to a nonexercise control. Exercise was supervised, 5 days/week, for 10 months. All participants were instructed to maintain usual ad libitum diets. Because of the efficacy design, completion of ≥90% of exercise sessions was an a priori definition of per protocol, and these participants were included in the analysis.Results:Weight loss from baseline to 10 months for the 400 and 600 kcal/session groups was 3.9 ± 4.9 kg (4.3%) and 5.2 ± 5.6 kg (5.7%), respectively, compared with weight gain for controls of 0.5 ± 3.5 kg (0.5%) (P < 0.05). Differences for weight loss from baseline to 10 months between the exercise groups and differences between men and women within groups were not statistically significant.Conclusions:Supervised exercise, with equivalent energy expenditure, results in clinically significant weight loss with no significant difference between men and women.
Greater screen time is associated with adolescent obesity: A longitudinal study of the BMI distribution from Ages 14 to 18
Authors: Mitchell Jonathan A. , Rodriguez Daniel , Schmitz Kathryn H. , Audrain‐McGovern Janet 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:Previous research has examined the association between screen time and average changes in adolescent body mass index (BMI). Until now, no study has evaluated the longitudinal relationship between screen time and changes in the BMI distribution across mid to late adolescence.Design and Methods:Participants (n = 1,336) were adolescents who were followed from age 14 to age 18 and surveyed every 6 months. Time spent watching television/videos and playing video games was self‐reported (<1 h day−1, 1 h day−1, 2 h day−1, 3 h day−1, 4 h day−1, or 5+ h day−1). BMI (kg m−2) was calculated from self‐reported height and weight. Longitudinal quantile regression was used to model the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th BMI percentiles as dependent variables. Study wave and screen time were the main predictors, and adjustment was made for gender, race, maternal education, hours of sleep, and physical activity.Results:Increases at all the BMI percentiles over time were observed, with the greatest increase observed at the 90th BMI percentile. Screen time was positively associated with changes in BMI at the 50th (0.17, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.27), 75th (0.31, 95% CI: 0.10, 0.52), and 90th BMI percentiles (0.56, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.82). No associations were observed between screen time and changes at the 10th and 25th BMI percentiles.Conclusions:Positive associations between screen time and changes in the BMI at the upper tail of the BMI distribution were observed. Therefore, lowering screen time, especially among overweight and obese adolescents, could contribute to reducing the prevalence of adolescent obesity.
Associations of testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin with adipose tissue hormones in midlife women
Authors: Wildman Rachel P. , Wang Dan , Fernandez Ivonne , Mancuso Peter , Santoro Nanette , Scherer Philipp E. , Sowers MaryFran R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:Regulators of adipose tissue hormones remain incompletely understood, but may include sex hormones. As adipose tissue hormones have been shown to contribute to numerous metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, understanding their regulation in midlife women is of clinical importance. Therefore, we assessed the associations between testosterone (T) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) with leptin, high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, and the soluble form of the leptin receptor (sOB‐R) in healthy midlife women.Design and Methods:Cross‐sectional analyses were performed using data from 1,881 midlife women (average age 52.6 (±2.7) years) attending the sixth Annual follow‐up visit of the multiethnic Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.Results:T was weakly negatively associated with both HMW adiponectin and sOB‐R (r = −0.12 and r = −0.10, respectively; P < 0.001 for both), and positively associated with leptin (r = 0.17; P < 0.001). SHBG was more strongly and positively associated with both HMW adiponectin and sOB‐R (r = 0.29 and r = 0.24, respectively; P < 0.001 for both), and more strongly and negatively associated with leptin (r = −0.27; P < 0.001). Adjustment for fat mass, insulin resistance, or waist circumference only partially diminished associations with HMW adiponectin and sOB‐R, but attenuated associations with leptin. In conclusion, in these midlife women, lower SHBG values, and to a lesser extent, higher T levels, were associated with lower, or less favorable, levels of adiponectin and sOB‐R, independent of fat mass.Conclusions:These data suggest that variation in these adipose hormones resulting from lower SHBG levels, and possibly, though less likely, greater androgenicity, may contribute to susceptibility for metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes during midlife in women.
The association between self‐reported sleep quality and overweight in a Chinese population
Authors: Hung Hao‐Chang , Yang Yi‐Ching , Ou Horng‐Yih , Wu Jin‐Shang , Lu Feng‐Hwa , Chang Chih‐Jen 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:Sleep quality and obesity are associated with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. However, there is limited research on the association between sleep quality and obesity, and thus the aim of this study is to investigate this relationship in a Chinese population.Design and Methods:Subjects were recruited from the Prevention Health Center of National Cheng Kung University Hospital. Anthropometric data and metabolic parameters were measured. Being overweight or obese was defined according to the recommendations of the Department of Health in Taiwan. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).Results:Of the total 2,803 subjects, 1,059 were classified as normal weight, 1,127 were overweight, and 617 were obese. The global PSQI score were 6.30 ± 2.56, 6.61 ± 2.96, and 7.02 ± 2.95 in subjects who were normal weight, overweight, and obese, respectively (test for trend, P < 0.001). Of the variables tested in the multivariate linear regression model, female gender, being overweight, obesity, sleep duration, and alcohol drinking were significantly associated with global PSQI scores, and in the multivariate logistic regression model, female gender, being overweight, obesity, and sleep duration were independent predictors of poor sleepers after controlling for age, gender, BMI or different weight statuses, sleep duration, alcohol drinking, smoking, habitual exercise, hypertension, newly diagnosed diabetes, total cholesterol, high‐density lipoprotein, triglyceride, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and alanine aminotransferase.Conclusions:In conclusion, female gender, being overweight, obesity, and sleep duration were associated with poor sleep quality independent of cardiometabolic risk factors. In clinical practice, subjects who are obese, or even only overweight, should be evaluated for the presence of sleep disturbance.
Comparison of body adiposity index (BAI) and bmi with estimations of % body fat in clinically severe obese women
Authors: Geliebter Allan , Atalayer Deniz , Flancbaum Louis , Gibson Charlisa D. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjective:Body adiposity index (BAI), a new surrogate measure of body fat (hip circumference/(height1.5 – 18)), has been proposed as an alternative to body mass index (BMI). We compared BAI with BMI, and each of them with laboratory measures of body fat‐derived from bioimpedance analysis (BIA), air displacement plethysmography (ADP), and dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) in clinically severe obese (CSO) participants.Design and Methods:Nineteen prebariatric surgery CSO, nondiabetic women were recruited (age = 32.6 ± 7.7 SD; BMI = 46.5 ± 9.0 kg/m2). Anthropometrics and body fat percentage (% fat) were determined from BIA, ADP, and DXA. Scatter plots with lines of equality and Bland–Altman plots were used to compare BAI and BMI with % fat derived from BIA, ADP, and DXA. BAI and BMI correlated highly with each other (r = 0.90, P < 0.001).Results:Both BAI and BMI correlated significantly with % fat from BIA and ADP. BAI, however, did not correlate significantly with % fat from DXA (r = 0.42, P = 0.08) whereas BMI did (r = 0.65, P = 0.003). BMI was also the single best predictor of % fat from both BIA (r2 = 0.80, P < 0.001) and ADP (r2 = 0.65, P < 0.001). The regression analysis showed that the standard error of the estimate (SEE), or residual error around the regression lines, was greater for BAI comparisons than for BMI comparisons with BIA, ADP, and DXA. Consistent with this, the Bland and Altman plots indicated wider 95% confidence intervals for BAI difference comparisons than for BMI difference comparisons for their respective means for BIA, ADP, and DXA.Conclusions:Thus, BAI does not appear to be an appropriate proxy for BMI in CSO women.