bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating a Culture of Faculty Participation in Assessment:
Authors: Mccullough Christopher A. , Jones Elizabeth 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Given the importance of assessment in higher education, it is critical to understand how to promote faculty engagement in assessment initiatives in institutions of higher education. This qualitative study identified factors that are associated with positive faculty satisfaction with assessment endeavors and those factors that reduce faculty satisfaction with these activities. Data revealed that faculty satisfaction varied across academic programs. Factors that promoted assessment included assessment methodologies, resources, support, participation, and effective leadership. Factors that reduced faculty satisfaction included the lack of comparative data across institutions, increased workload, and the continuous change in assessment plans.
ESTRUTURA E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DE ANDIROBEIRAS (<i>Carapa</i> spp.) EM FLORESTA DE VÁRZEA DO ESTUÁRIO AMAZÔNICO
Authors: Abreu Jadson Coelho de , Guedes Marcelino Carneiro , Guedes Ana Claudia Lira , Batista Edmilson das Merces 
Published: December 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509816614O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi avaliar se a densidade de ocorrência de andirobeiras é dependente da distância do rio Amazonas, analisando sua distribuição espacial e a estrutura diamétrica da população em um trecho de floreta de várzea no Estado do Amapá. Esse trabalho faz parte do projeto Florestam (Ecologia e manejo florestal para uso múltiplo de várzeas do estuário amazônico) e foi desenvolvido em uma área de proteção ambiental (APA) de 136,59 ha, localizada no Distrito da Fazendinha, município de Macapá - AP (00°03’04,24”S e 51º07’42,72”W). Foram lançados 3 transectos perpendiculares à margem do rio Amazonas, distanciados entre si a cada 500 m, para orientar no direcionamento e localização das árvores. Todas as andirobeiras com (CAP) circunferência a altura do peito ≥ 15 cm foram inventariadas e mapeadas, anotando-se o (CAP) e o número da árvore em uma ficha de campo. A influência da distância do rio sobre a densidade das andirobeiras foi analisada por regressão linear. O número de classes diamétricas foi definido conforme Higushi. Foi testado o ajuste da distribuição dos diâmetros das andirobeiras ao modelo exponencial de Meyer. Foi calculado o quociente q de De Liocourt, tanto para a frequência observada quanto para a estimada. Calculou-se o índice de Morisita, variância/média e índice de agregação para se inferir sobre a distribuição espacial. Foram inventariadas 680 andirobeiras produtivas e não produtivas, com uma área basal de 55,84 m², gerando uma densidade de 5 árvores ha-1. Quanto à distribuição diamétrica, foram geradas 9 classes de diâmetro com 11 cm de amplitude, sendo que o coeficiente de determinação para o modelo exponencial foi de 0,93 e o quociente q=2,03. Os índices utilizados mostraram que a distribuição espacial das andirobeiras adultas ocorre de forma agregada. A estrutura diamétrica das andirobeiras mostra que há elevada quantidade de regenerantes e que a população não está senescente. A densidade de andirobeiras adultas é dependente da distância do rio, com maior concentração de árvores em áreas mais distantes do rio Amazonas.
EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: A QUESTÃO DA UNIDOCÊNCIA
Authors: Fonseca Denise Grosso da , Cardoso Lisiane Torres e 
Published: December 2014

Este artigo é um recorte da pesquisa intitulada “Políticas de formação de professores: quais suas implicações na prática Pedagógica da educação física em escolas Públicas estaduais?” Tem como objetivo refletir sobre a educação física nos anos iniciais enfocando a unidocência como prática pedagógica e gratificação salarial. É uma investigação de natureza qualitativa, realizada através de análise documental e entrevista semi-estruturada com seis professores. Em que pese a argumentação pedagógica e legislativa que justifica a unidocência, a análise das informações aponta que, no tocante à .Educação Física, sua prática precisa ser revista.
Net ecosystem production and organic carbon balance of U.S. East Coast estuaries: A synthesis approach
Authors: Herrmann Maria , Najjar Raymond G. , Kemp W. Michael , Alexander Richard B. , Boyer Elizabeth W. , Cai Wei‐Jun , Griffith Peter C. , Kroeger Kevin D. , McCallister S. Leigh , Smith Richard A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractNet ecosystem production (NEP) and the overall organic carbon budget for the estuaries along the East Coast of the United States are estimated. We focus on the open estuarine waters, excluding the fringing wetlands. We developed empirical models relating NEP to loading ratios of dissolved inorganic nitrogen to total organic carbon, and carbon burial in the sediment to estuarine water residence time and total nitrogen input across the landward boundary. Output from a data‐constrained water quality model was used to estimate inputs of total nitrogen and organic carbon to the estuaries across the landward boundary, including fluvial and tidal‐wetland sources. Organic carbon export from the estuaries to the continental shelf was computed by difference, assuming steady state. Uncertainties in the budget were estimated by allowing uncertainties in the supporting model relations. Collectively, U.S. East Coast estuaries are net heterotrophic, with the area‐integrated NEP of −1.5 (−2.8, −1.0) Tg C yr−1 (best estimate and 95% confidence interval) and area‐normalized NEP of −3.2 (−6.1, −2.3) mol C m−2 yr−1. East Coast estuaries serve as a source of organic carbon to the shelf, exporting 3.4 (2.0, 4.3) Tg C yr−1 or 7.6 (4.4, 9.5) mol C m−2 yr−1. Organic carbon inputs from fluvial and tidal‐wetland sources for the region are estimated at 5.4 (4.6, 6.5) Tg C yr−1 or 12 (10, 14) mol C m−2 yr−1 and carbon burial in the open estuarine waters at 0.50 (0.33, 0.78) Tg C yr−1 or 1.1 (0.73, 1.7) mol C m−2 yr−1. Our results highlight the importance of estuarine systems in the overall coastal budget of organic carbon, suggesting that in the aggregate, U.S. East Coast estuaries assimilate (via respiration and burial) ~40% of organic carbon inputs from fluvial and tidal‐wetland sources and allow ~60% to be exported to the shelf.
Net community production in the North Atlantic Ocean derived from Volunteer Observing Ship data
Authors: Ostle Clare , Johnson Martin , Landschützer Peter , Schuster Ute , Hartman Susan , Hull Tom , Robinson Carol 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe magnitude of marine plankton net community production (NCP) is indicative of both the biologically driven exchange of carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the surface ocean and the export of organic carbon from the surface ocean to the ocean interior. In this study the seasonal variability in the NCP of five biogeochemical regions in the North Atlantic was determined from measurements of surface water dissolved oxygen and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) sampled from a Volunteer Observing Ship (VOS). The magnitude of NCP derived from dissolved oxygen measurements (NCP) was consistent with previous geochemical estimates of NCP in the North Atlantic, with an average annual NCP of 9.5 ± 6.5 mmol O2 m−2 d−1. Annual NCP did not vary significantly over 35° of latitude and was not significantly different from NCP derived from DIC measurements (NCPDIC). The relatively simple method described here is applicable to any VOS route on which surface water dissolved oxygen concentrations can be accurately measured, thus providing estimates of NCP at higher spatial and temporal resolution than currently achieved.
The stoichiometry of carbon and nutrients in peat formation
Authors: Wang Meng , Moore Tim R. , Talbot Julie , Riley John L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractNorthern peatlands have stored large amounts (~500 Pg) of carbon (C) since the last glaciation. Combined with peat C are nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K), each of which plays an important role in plant production, litter decomposition, and the biogeochemical functioning of peatlands. Yet little attention has been given to the amounts of these nutrients stored in northern peatlands and their stoichiometry with C. Here we use data on nutrient concentrations in over 400 peat profiles in Ontario, Canada, representing bogs, fens, and swamps and their vegetation. We show that the C:N ratio is high (>40:1) in vegetation and litter but declines through the peat profiles to reach ratios between 22:1 and 29:1 in peat below 50 cm. In contrast, the C:P ratio rises from vegetation and litter (500:1 to 1300:1) to 1500:1 to 2000:1 in the lower part of the peat profile. Ratios of C to Ca, Mg, and K vary with peatland type. Most of these stoichiometric changes occur in the early stages of organic matter decomposition, where the litter structure remains intact. We estimate that ~18 Pg of N has been stored in northern peatlands since deglaciation, reflecting high N accumulation rates (~0.8 g m−2 yr−1), whereas P accumulation is small (~0.3 Pg, ~0.016 g m−2 yr−1), indicating that P is quickly recycled in the surface layers.
Effects of Arctic haze on surface cloud radiative forcing
Authors: Zhao Chuanfeng , Garrett Timothy J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFrom 4 years of observations from Barrow, Alaska, it is shown that the cloud radiative impact on the surface is a net warming effect between October and May and a net cooling in summer. During episodes of high surface haze aerosol concentrations and cloudy skies, both the net warming and net cooling are amplified, ranging from +12.2 Wm−2 in February to −11.8 Wm−2 in August. In liquid clouds, approximately 50%–70% of this change is caused by changes in cloud particle effective radius, with the remainder being caused by unknown atmospheric feedbacks that increase cloud water path. While the yearly averaged warming and cooling effects nearly cancel, the timing of the forcing may be a relevant control of the amplitude and timing of sea ice melt.
Observation of deep water microseisms in the North Atlantic Ocean using tide modulations
Authors: Beucler Éric , Mocquet Antoine , Schimmel Martin , Chevrot Sébastien , Quillard Olivier , Vergne Jérôme , Sylvander Matthieu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractOcean activity produces continuous and ubiquitous seismic energy mostly in the 2–20 s period band, known as microseismic noise. Between 2 and 10 s period, secondary microseisms (SM) are generated by swell reflections close to the shores and/or by opposing swells in the deep ocean. However, unique conditions are required in order for surface waves generated by deep‐ocean microseisms to be observed on land. By comparing short‐duration power spectral densities at both Atlantic shoreline and inland seismic stations, we show that ocean tides strongly modulate the seismic energy in a wide period band except between 2.5 and 5 s. This tidal proxy reveals the existence of an ex situ short‐period contribution of the SM peak. Comparison with swell spectra at surrounding buoys suggests that the largest part of this extra energy comes from deep ocean‐generated microseisms. The energy modulation might be also used in numerical models of microseismic generation to constrain coastal reflection coefficients.
Net primary production in the Gulf Stream sustained by quasi‐geostrophic vertical exchanges
Authors: Pascual Ananda , Ruiz Simón , Buongiorno Nardelli Bruno , Guinehut Stéphanie , Iudicone Daniele , Tintoré Joaquín 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe analyze 12 years of mesoscale vertical motion derived from an observation‐based product in the top 1000 m of the North West Atlantic Ocean. Vertical velocities (O(10 m d−1)) associated with Gulf Stream instabilities consist of alternating cells of upwelling and downwelling. Here we show that the magnitude of the vertical motions decays exponentially southward with an e‐folding length scale that is informative on the dynamics of the system. We further investigate the impact of the vertical supply of nutrients about phytoplankton growth with a conceptual model incorporating the mean effect of nutrient distribution, quasi‐geostrophic dynamics, and Ekman suction/pumping. Results confirm that the mean effect of mesoscale vertical velocity variability alone can sustain observed levels of net primary production in the immediate vicinity of the Gulf Stream, while other mechanisms, including horizontal advection and submesoscale dynamics, need to be considered when moving toward the subtropical gyre.
Airborne observations of regional variation in fluorescent aerosol across the United States
Authors: Perring A. E. , Schwarz J. P. , Baumgardner D. , Hernandez M. T. , Spracklen D. V. , Heald C. L. , Gao R. S. , Kok G. , McMeeking G. R. , McQuaid J. B. , Fahey D. W. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAirborne observations of fluorescent aerosol were made aboard an airship during CloudLab, a series of flights that took place in September and October of 2013 and covered a wideband of longitude across the continental U.S. between Florida and California and between 28 and 37 N latitudes. Sampling occurred from near the surface to 1000 m above the ground. A Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (WIBS‐4) measured average concentrations of supermicron fluorescent particles aloft (1 µm to 10 µm), revealing number concentrations ranging from 2.1 ± 0.8 to 8.7 ± 2.2 × 104 particles m−3 and representing up to 24% of total supermicron particle number. We observed distinct variations in size distributions and fluorescent characteristics in different regions, and attribute these to geographically diverse bioaerosol. Fluorescent aerosol detected in the east is largely consistent with mold spores observed in a laboratory setting, while a shift to larger sizes associated with different fluorescent patterns is observed in the west. Fluorescent bioaerosol loadings in the desert west were as high as those near the Gulf of Mexico, suggesting that bioaerosol is a substantial component of supermicron aerosol both in humid and arid environments. The observations are compared to model fungal and bacterial loading predictions, and good agreement in both particle size and concentrations is observed in the east. In the west, the model underestimated observed concentrations by a factor between 2 and 4 and the prescribed particle sizes are smaller than the observed fluorescent aerosol. A classification scheme for use with WIBS data is also presented.
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Electrophilic Trifluoromethylthiolation of (Hetero)Arenes
Authors: Wang Qiang , Qi Zisong , Xie Fang , Li Xingwei 
Published: December 2014

Abstract(N‐Trifluoromethylthio)saccharin has been applied as an electrophilic trifluoromethylthiolating reagent for a broad scope of heteroarenes, electron‐donating group (EDG)‐activated benzenes, and several electron‐rich olefins. Iron(III) and gold(III) catalysts showed complementary activity for different substrates.magnified image
Ontogeny of the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis in a modern Queensland, Australian population using computed tomography
Authors: Lottering Nicolene , MacGregor Donna M. , Alston Clair L. , Gregory Laura S. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTDue to disparity regarding the age at which skeletal maturation of the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis occurs in forensic and biological literature, this study provides recalibrated multislice computed tomography (MSCT) age standards for the Australian (Queensland) population, using a Bayesian statistical approach. The sample comprises retrospective cranial/cervical MSCT scans obtained from 448 males and 416 females aged birth to 20 years from the Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Osteological Database. Fusion status of the synchondrosis was scored using a modified six‐stage scoring tier on an MSCT platform, with negligible observer error (κ = 0.911 ± 0.04, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.994). Bayesian transition analysis indicates that females are most likely to transition to complete fusion at 13.1 years and males at 15.6 years. Posterior densities were derived for each morphological stage, with complete fusion of the synchondrosis attained in all Queensland males over 16.3 years of age and females aged 13.8 years and older. The results demonstrate significant sexual dimorphism in synchondrosis fusion and are suggestive of intrapopulation variation between major geographic regions in Australia. This study contributes to the growing repository of contemporary anthropological standards calibrated for the Queensland milieu to improve the efficacy of the coronial process for medicolegal death investigation. As a stand‐alone age indicator, the basicranial synchondrosis may be consulted as an exclusion criterion when determining the age of majority that constitutes 17 years in Queensland forensic practice. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:42–57, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ancient DNA reveals a migration of the ancient Di‐qiang populations into Xinjiang as early as the early Bronze Age
Authors: Gao Shi‐Zhu , Zhang Ye , Wei Dong , Li Hong‐Jie , Zhao Yong‐Bin , Cui Yin‐Qiu , Zhou Hui 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTXinjiang is at the crossroads between East and West Eurasia, and it harbors a relatively complex genetic history. In order to better understand the population movements and interactions in this region, mitochondrial and Y chromosome analyses on 40 ancient human remains from the Tianshanbeilu site in eastern Xinjiang were performed. Twenty‐nine samples were successfully assigned to specific mtDNA haplogroups, including the west Eurasian maternal lineages of U and W and the east Eurasian maternal lineages of A, C, D, F, G, Z, M7, and M10. In the male samples, two Y chromosome haplogroups, C* and N1 (xN1a, N1c), were successfully assigned. Our mitochondrial and Y‐chromosomal DNA analyses combined with the archaeological studies revealed that the Di‐qiang populations from the Hexi Corridor had migrated to eastern Xinjiang and admixed with the Eurasian steppe populations in the early Bronze Age. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:71–80, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bone microarchitecture at muscle attachment sites: The relationship between macroscopic scores of entheses and their cortical and trabecular microstructural design
Authors: Djukic Ksenija , Milovanovic Petar , Hahn Michael , Busse Björn , Amling Michael , Djuric Marija 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe studies of entheses in bioarchaeology attempted to reconstruct the habitual physical activities of past populations. However, the studies of microarchitecture of the underlying bone are still lacking despite well‐known potential of bone internal microarchitecture to reflect mechanical loading. It is unknown whether different morphological expressions of entheseal changes (ECs) correlate with the microstructural characteristics of the underlining bone. This study analyzed bone microstructural characteristics at the entheses. Our focus was on examining the possible successive nature of the three‐stage scale of entheseal macroscopic changes by comparing EC scores with the microarchitectural features at the attachment sites. The study was based on the hypothesis that mechanical loading influences the microarchitecture of the bone at the attachment site. The bone samples were taken from 24 adult male skeletons from medieval cemeteries in Serbia, with different macroscopic expression score of EC. We evaluated the macroscopic and microscopic appearance of four entheses of the lower limbs (origin of the soleus muscle and the insertions of the adductor magnus, gluteus maximus, and iliopsoas muscles). The specimens were scanned using microcomputed tomography (Scanco µCT 40). Our data showed a lack of consistent correlation between stages of the macroscopic scoring systems with microarchitecture at the entheses, only cortical thickness was significantly different between EC stages. Analyzing relationship between trabecular and cortical bone microstructure we found correlations between cortical and trabecular variables only in Stage C. Results of our study suggest that macroscopic EC might not represent distinct successive phases in bone adaptation to mechanical loading. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:81–93, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of saline irrigation and topical corticosteroids on the postsurgical sinonasal microbiota
Authors: Liu Cindy M. , Kohanski Michael A. , Mendiola Michelle , Soldanova Katerina , Dwan Michael G. , Lester Richard , Nordstrom Lora , Price Lance B. , Lane Andrew P. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundTopical treatments with nasal saline irrigation, topical steroid sprays, or corticosteroid rinses can improve sinonasal symptoms in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However, the impact of these therapies on commensals (Corynebacterium) and on biofilm pathogens associated with CRS (Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas) is not well characterized.MethodsPaired nasal and sinus swabs were collected endoscopically from 28 controls and 14 CRS patients with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) who had not received systemic antibiotics or corticosteroids in the previous 8 weeks. Total DNA from swab eluents were extracted and analyzed by 16S rRNA gene‐based pyrosequencing. A total of 359,077 reads were obtained and classified taxonomically. The association of use of topical therapies with sinonasal microbiota composition was assessed by factor/vector‐fitting. The proportional abundances of sinonasal bacteria between topical therapy users and nonusers were further compared by 2‐tailed Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test among controls and among CRSwNP participants.ResultsNasal saline irrigation, with or without added budesonide, was not associated with significantly distinct sinonasal microbiota composition or significantly decreased Pseudomonas or S. aureus abundances among either controls or CRSwNP participants. Corynebacterium was slightly lower in controls that reported using saline irrigation than those who did not. No significant association was found between nasal saline irrigation and the proportional abundances of Pseudomonas, S. aureus, and Corynebacterium in CRSwNP participants. However, male CRSwNP patients were noted to have significantly higher Corynebacterium proportional abundances than their female counterparts. The use of topical steroid sprays was associated with a distinct microbiota in control subjects, characterized by higher proportional abundances of Dolosigranulum and Simonsiella and a lower proportional abundance of Campylobacter.ConclusionNasal saline irrigation is not associated with a distinct alteration in the proportional abundance of commensal bacteria or biofilm‐forming pathogens in CRSwNP patients. However, use of topical intranasal corticosteroid sprays in control subjects is associated with a distinct sinonasal microbiota.