bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Influence of LPG Density on the Performance of a Centrifugal Pump-Impeller Through CFD Simulations
Authors: Lara-Rodriguez G. , Begovich O. , Naredo J. L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper deals with the performance analysis of a centrifugal pump-impeller of diffuser type for transporting liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). The performance analysis is conducted here through numerical methods and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. The focus of the study is on the behavior of the centrifugal-pump as the diffuser-blade angles change. A methodology of dimensional analysis is employed here to combine both, real operating conditions and simulations with a commercial-grade CFD software. The analysis lakes into account the decrease in the density of the transported fluid, along with temperature increases due to the external environment. The monitoring of these two variables is necessary in practice to guarantee a constant flow-rate and it is done analytically since the corresponding experiments are deemed risky and difficult.
To evaluate LPG pump-efficiency it is considered here that the range of densities is from 490 to 550 kg/m3. The CFD software SolidWorks is used here to conduct the simulations of a centrifugal impeller by varying the fluid density. Operating data from a real-life pump are further used to corroborate the simulations.
The vast majority of LPG pumps being installed at industrial parks must hands the fluid as two-phase gas-liquid one. However, most studies elsewhere consider it as a homogeneous flow. In real operating conditions, when dealing with volatile liquids like LPG, pressures lower than the ones of vapor can be produced and this should be avoided to prevent cavitation. Unfortunately, the specialized literature in this topic does not include considerations on the varying physical properties of liquefied gas, such as density. These variations have been at the simulations reported in this paper. It is concluded here that these factors must be taken into account to avoid the poor performance of installed LPG pumps.
Analysis of the influence of LPG Density on the Performance of a Centrifugal Pump-Impeller through CFD simulations.
Microseismic 101: Monitoring and Evaluating Hydraulic Fracturing to Improve the Efficiency of Oil and Gas Recovery from Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Yousefzadeh Adam , Li Qi , Aguilera Roberto 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing will be main drive force in oil and gas production from tight hydrocarbon reservoirs in the future. We present a comprehensive literature review on applications, advancement, and limitations of geomechanics and microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing treatments for exploitation of unconventional reservoirs. Microseismic method is the sate-of-the-art technology to monitor the hydraulic fracturing process. Visualization of microseismic events determines the spatial extent of hydraulic fracturing at first glance. Advance analysis of microseismic measurements provides more detailed information about the fracturing mode and fractures geometry. It can even be used for determination of the state of stress in the reservoir and for helping in reservoir characterization at a large scale. Microseismic imaging has successfully been used on stimulation design and control, reservoir characterization and simulation of unconventional reservoirs particularly in North America. Geomechanical, petrophysical, and geophysical mechanisms of hydraulic fracturing and associated seismicity which are not fully understood are topics of ongoing research.
The goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive guideline and a study reference for geoscientists and engineers who would like to get familiar with the theoretical and practical aspects of microseismic monitoring. Starting with a brief history of exploitation of tight reservoirs and microseismic monitoring, the mechanism of hydraulic fracturing and microseismicity are described. Applications, processing, interpretation, and limitations of the methods are explained as wells as how microseismic technology has responded to some of the public concerns about environmental aspects and safety of the hydraulic fracturing process. In closing, four case studies are reviewed to provide some insights into the practical application and limitations of microseismic monitoring.
Process Optimization for an Energy Efficient Heat Treatment of ADI*
Authors: Hepp E. , Dzusov M. , Schäfer W. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Austempered ductile iron (ADI) materials show a good combination of mechanical properties, with high tensile strength levels (800-1600 MPa) and an elongation at fracture of up to 10 %. Due to its high fracture toughness as well as high fatigue resistance, ADI is a very attractive material group for applications under cyclic loads. However, the material properties are very sensitive to the applied process conditions during heat treatment. The basis for a substantial increase in the application of ADI materials in the industry requires the establishment of a predictable and robust process design. Here, an integrated process simulation of the heat treatment process coupled to required information about the as-cast quality of the component would aid in understanding process dependencies and defining a robust process window. For the austenitization step, the simulation can be used to determine the needed treatment times and temperatures. In the process simulation software MAGMA5, a new fast and efficient algorithm for heat exchange between thermally coupled diffusely radiating interfaces has been implemented and can be used for heat treatment simulation. The accuracy and computational performance of this new radiation model for the heat treatment of ADI is illustrated here for a real industrial suspension part. The steering knuckle is heated in a typical heat treatment box. Surface-to-surface radiation between the parts and with the surrounding furnace results in inhomogeneous temperature distributions. Integrated capabilities to perform virtual experiments and automatic optimization are used to determine optimal process conditions to meet both the quality requirements and the minimum required treatment time during austenitization. ▪
Native Joint Septic Arthritis: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Microbiological Causes in a New Zealand Population
Authors: Kennedy Nicholas , Chambers Steven T. , Nolan Imogen , Gallagher Kate , Werno Anja , Browne Melanie , Stamp Lisa K. 
Published: November 2015

Objective.To determine the epidemiology, clinical features, and microbiology of adult native joint septic arthritis in Canterbury, New Zealand, over a 5-year period in individuals with and without an underlying rheumatic disorder.Methods.Patients with native joint septic arthritis were identified retrospectively and classified by Newman’s criteria. The clinical characteristics were described and comparisons made between those with and without underlying rheumatic disease.Results.Two hundred forty-eight cases of native joint septic arthritis (mean age 60, range 16–97 yrs) were identified with an overall incidence rate of 12.0/100,000/year (95% CI 10.6–13.6). Yearly incidence increased with age to a maximum of 73.4/100,000 in those > 90 years of age. Septic arthritis was iatrogenic in 16.9% of cases while 27% had an underlying inflammatory arthritis including gout (14.9%), calcium pyrophosphate disease (8.5%), and rheumatoid arthritis (4%). Few patients were taking immunosuppressant therapy, with just 1 taking a biological agent.Staphylococcus aureuswas the most commonly identified organism. Those with underlying inflammatory arthritis were significantly older (73.6 yrs vs 55.6 yrs; p < 0.001), more likely to be female (55.2% vs 26.0%; p < 0.001), and to have septic polyarthritis (16.4% vs 4.4%; p = 0.002). The 30-day mortality was 2%, increasing to 6% at 90 days.Conclusion.The incidence of septic arthritis in Canterbury, New Zealand, is higher than in previous studies. Crystal arthropathy commonly coexisted with infection although autoimmune arthritis and immunosuppression was less of a factor than anticipated.
Evaluating Disease Severity in Chronic Pain Patients with and without Fibromyalgia: A Comparison of the Symptom Impact Questionnaire and the Polysymptomatic Distress Scale
Authors: Friend Ronald , Bennett Robert M. 
Published: November 2015

Objective.To compare the relative effectiveness of the Polysymptomatic Distress Scale (PSD) with the Symptom Impact Questionnaire (SIQR), the disease-neutral revision of the updated Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR), in their ability to assess disease activity in patients with rheumatic disorders both with and without fibromyalgia (FM).Methods.The study included 321 patients from 8 clinical practices with some 16 different chronic pain disorders. Disease severity was assessed by the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36). Univariate analyses were used to assess the magnitude of PSD and SIQR correlations with SF-36 subscales. Hierarchical stepwise regression was used to evaluate the unique contribution of the PSD and SIQR to the SF-36. Random forest regression probed the relative importance of the SIQR and PSD components as predictors of SF-36.Results.The correlations with the SF-36 subscales were significantly higher for the SIQR (0.48 to 0.78) than the PSD (0.29 to 0.56; p < 0.001). Stepwise regression revealed that the SIQR was contributing additional unique variance on SF-36 subscales, which was not the case for the PSD. Random forest regression showed SIQR Function, Symptoms, and Global Impact subscales were more important predictors of SF-36 than the PSD. The single SIQR pain item contributed 55% of SF-36 pain variance compared to 23% with the 19-point WPI (the Widespread Pain Index component of PSD).Conclusion.The SIQR, the disease-neutral revision of the updated FIQ, has several important advantages over the PSD in the evaluation of disease severity in chronic pain disorders.
De zelfstandige AMvB: hoe staat het daarmee?
Authors: Borman T.C. 
Published: November 2015

De zelfstandige AMvB: hoe staat het daarmee?
In deze bijdrage wordt een overzicht gegeven van de stand van zaken rond de figuur van de zelfstandige AMvB sinds het jaar 2000. Er wordt een beschrijving gegeven van de vijftien zelfstandige (ontwerp-)AMvB’s die sindsdien tot stand zijn gebracht. Daarbij wordt veel aandacht geschonken aan de opvattingen van de Raad van State en de daarmee niet altijd overeenkomende opvattingen van de regering. Een van de conclusies is dat de vraag hoe de regering de toelaatbaarheid van een zelfstandige AMvB beoordeelt, sterk afhangt van de interpretatie die een individuele minister geeft aan artikel 89 Gw.
Moordamendementen
Authors: Engel N.C. , Schouten H.R. 
Published: November 2015

Moordamendementen
Een moordamendement is een paradox: als in een parlement een meerderheid is voor een wetsvoorstel, terwijl een geamendeerd wetsvoorstel het Staatsblad nooit zal bereiken, waarom zou een meerderheid dan voor het amendement stemmen? Strategisch stemgedrag kan een moordamendement altijd voorkomen. Onjuiste verwachtingen over de haalbaarheid van een geamendeerd wetsvoorstel kunnen er echter toe leiden dat er niet strategisch wordt gestemd. Ook kan het gebeuren dat een politicus denkt dat hij een strategische stem tegenover zijn achterban niet zal kunnen uitleggen. In dit artikel komen onder andere voorbeelden aan de orde over abortus en over de gewetensbezwaarde trouwambtenaar, onderwerpen die heel gevoelig liggen bij de kiezer en waarover strategisch stemmen dus geen optie is voor een volksvertegenwoordiger.
Zorgplichten aan het werk
Authors: Timmer W. 
Published: November 2015

Zorgplichten aan het werk
Met welke middelen en voorwaarden moet de wetgever de behoorlijke naleving en de handhaving van zorgplichtbepalingen borgen? Zorgplichten bevatten namelijk een open norm en de handhaving ervan is niet eenvoudig. Zorgplichten gedijen bij de professionaliteit en de deskundigheid van de normadressaat. Daarom is vrijwillige naleving van de zorgplicht essentieel; afgedwongen naleving door de handhaver leidt tot minder doelbereik van de zorgplicht. Van belang daarvoor is dat de zorgplicht als een communicatieve norm wordt vormgegeven, functionerend binnen een interpretatiegemeenschap. De handhaver moet bereid zijn tot discours met de normadressaat en moet zo min mogelijk aanvullende regels stellen. Casusonderzoek toont dit aan.
Un patrimonio oculto y recuperado. Los graffiti de la iglesia de Santiago de Peñalba (Peñalba de Santiago, León)
Authors: Jimeno Guerra Vanessa 
Published: November 2015

<p>Desde mediados del siglo pasado, han sido varios los investigadores que han recogido en publicaciones de diversa índole la existencia de algunos de los graffiti practicados en el interior de la iglesia altomedieval de Santiago de Peñalba (Peñalba de Santiago, León). A pesar de ello, los trabajos realizados sólo son visiones fragmentarias y selectivas del vasto conjunto de manifestaciones parietales que se han conservado. Por ello, el presente estudio realiza un análisis exhaustivo de la totalidad de graffiti practicados en dicho templo berciano. La mayor parte de ellos fueron incisos durante la Edad Media y las tipologías a las que pertenecen, así como las intenciones con las que fueron practicados, son muy variadas.</p>
Measuring p66Shc Signaling Pathway Activation and Mitochondrial Translocation in Cultured Cells
Authors: Wieckowski Mariusz R. , Deus Cláudia M. , Couto Renata , Oparka Monika , Lebiedzińska‐Arciszewska Magdalena , Duszyński Jerzy , Oliveira Paulo J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe adaptor protein p66Shc links membrane receptors to intracellular signaling pathways, with downstream consequences on mitochondrial metabolism and reactive oxygen species production. Moreover, p66Shc has also been implicated in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Increased phosphorylation of serine 36 residue of p66Shc very often correlates with oxidative stress–associated pathologies. The pro‐oxidative role of p66Shc also appears to be involved in chemical toxicity, being an important component of stress responses triggered by xenobiotics. Here, we present a protocol that can be used: (a) for isolation of mitochondrial, cytosolic, and mitochondrial‐associated membrane fractions from adherent cells lines; (b) to perform p66Shc detection with specific antibodies in order to monitor its translocation between different cellular compartments in response to the oxidative stress; and (c) to modulate the p66Shc pathway with the use of pharmacological approaches or gene‐silencing methods. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mesoscale kinematics derived from X‐band Doppler radar observations of convective versus stratiform precipitation and comparison with GPS radiosonde profiles
Authors: Deshpande Sachin M. , Dhangar N. , Das S. K. , Kalapureddy M. C. R. , Chakravarty K. , Sonbawne S. , Konwar M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSingle Doppler analysis techniques known as velocity azimuth display (VAD) and volume velocity processing (VVP) are used to analyze kinematics of mesoscale flow such as horizontal wind and divergence using X‐band Doppler weather radar observations, for selected cases of convective, stratiform, and shallow cloud systems near tropical Indian sites Pune (18.58°N, 73.92°E, above sea level (asl) 560 m) and Mandhardev (18.51°N, 73.85°E, asl 1297 m). The vertical profiles of horizontal wind estimated from radar VVP/VAD methods agree well with GPS radiosonde profiles, with the low‐level jet at about 1.5 km during monsoon season well depicted in both. The vertical structure and temporal variability of divergence and reflectivity profiles are indicative of the dynamical and microphysical characteristics of shallow convective, deep convective, and stratiform cloud systems. In shallow convective systems, vertical development of reflectivity profiles is limited below 5 km. In deep convective systems, reflectivity values as large as 55 dBZ were observed above freezing level. The stratiform system shows the presence of a reflectivity bright band (~35 dBZ) near the melting level. The diagnosed vertical profiles of divergence in convective and stratiform systems are distinct. In shallow convective conditions, convergence was seen below 4 km with divergence above. Low‐level convergence and upper level divergence are observed in deep convective profiles, while stratiform precipitation has midlevel convergence present between lower level and upper level divergence. The divergence profiles in stratiform precipitation exhibit intense shallow layers of “melting convergence” at 0°C level, near 4.5 km altitude, with a steep gradient on the both sides of the peak. The level of nondivergence in stratiform situations is lower than that in convective situations. These observed vertical structures of divergence are largely indicative of latent heating profiles in the atmosphere, an important ingredient of monsoon dynamics.
Impact of oceanic circulation changes on atmospheric δ13CO2
Authors: Menviel L. , Mouchet A. , Meissner K. J. , Joos F. , England M. H. 
Published: November 2015

Abstractδ13CO2 measured in Antarctic ice cores provides constraints on oceanic and terrestrial carbon cycle processes linked with millennial‐scale changes in atmospheric CO2. However, the interpretation of δ13CO2 is not straightforward. Using carbon isotope‐enabled versions of the LOVECLIM and Bern3D models, we perform a set of sensitivity experiments in which the formation rates of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), North Pacific Deep Water (NPDW), Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) are varied. We study the impact of these circulation changes on atmospheric δ13CO2 as well as on the oceanic δ13C distribution. In general, we find that the formation rates of AABW, NADW, NPDW, and AAIW are negatively correlated with changes in δ13CO2: namely, strong oceanic ventilation decreases atmospheric δ13CO2. However, since large‐scale oceanic circulation reorganizations also impact nutrient utilization and the Earth's climate, the relationship between atmospheric
levels and ocean ventilation rate is not unequivocal. In both models atmospheric δ13CO2 is very sensitive to changes in AABW formation rates: increased AABW formation enhances the transport of low δ13C waters to the surface and decreases atmospheric δ13CO2. By contrast, the impact of NADW changes on atmospheric δ13CO2 is less robust and might be model dependent. This results from complex interplay between global climate, carbon cycle, and the formation rate of NADW, a water body characterized by relatively high δ13C.
Infrasound in the middle stratosphere measured with a free‐flying acoustic array
Authors: Bowman Daniel C. , Lees Jonathan M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInfrasound recorded in the middle stratosphere suggests that the acoustic wavefield above the Earth's surface differs dramatically from the wavefield near the ground. In contrast to nearby surface stations, the balloon‐borne infrasound array detected signals from turbulence, nonlinear ocean wave interactions, building ventilation systems, and other sources that have not been identified yet. Infrasound power spectra also bore little resemblance to spectra recorded on the ground at the same time. Thus, sensors on the Earth's surface likely capture a fraction of the true diversity of acoustic waves in the atmosphere. Future studies building upon this experiment may quantify the acoustic energy flux from the surface to the upper atmosphere, extend the capability of the International Monitoring System to detect nuclear explosions, and lay the observational groundwork for a recently proposed mission to detect earthquakes on Venus using free‐flying microphones.
The interdecadal change of ENSO impact on wintertime East Asian climate
Authors: Jia XiaoJing , Lin Hai , Ge JingWen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe interdecadal change in the relationship between the winter mean surface air temperature (SAT) over East Asia (EA) and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is investigated using both observational data and a simple general circulation model. The positive phase of the first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) of SAT over EA is characterized by significant warming over midlatitude to high‐latitude EA and is linked to the Arctic Oscillation. The second EOF (SAT‐EOF2) is represented by significant cooling extending from 55°N to the tropics and abnormal warming over high‐latitude EA. Focus is given to SAT‐EOF2 which has a close relationship with the La Niña‐type sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. A clear shift in SAT‐EOF2 is observed in the mid‐1980s. The relationships between SAT‐EOF2 and ENSO in two subperiods, i.e., 1957 to 1982 (P1) and 1986 to 2010 (P2), are discussed and compared. Results show that the relationship between SAT‐EOF2 and ENSO significantly strengthens after the mid‐1980s due to stronger SST and precipitation anomalies in P2 than in P1 associated with ENSO in the tropical western Pacific. In the midlatitudes, the Pacific‐North American teleconnection pattern is more closely related to ENSO in P2, whereas in P1, the ENSO‐related atmospheric circulation anomalies are more similar to a zonally orientated teleconnection pattern. Numerical experiments suggest that the difference in the ENSO‐related circulation anomaly in the midlatitudes is likely related to the difference in the climatological mean flows of these two subperiods.
Macrophysical and optical properties of clouds over East Asia measured by CALIPSO
Authors: Pan Zengxin , Gong Wei , Mao Feiyue , Li Jun , Wang Wei , Li Chen , Min Qilong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe macrophysical and optical properties of clouds over East Asia (18°N–54°N, 73°E–145°E) from 1 March 2007 to 28 February 2015 are investigated using Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization data. Data analysis determines the macrophysical properties, such as cloud fraction, cloud vertical structure, cloud top height (CTH), cloud base height, and cloud geometrical depth (CGD), as well as the optical properties of clouds. Statistical analysis shows that the annual cloud fractions of single‐layer (SL), multilayer (ML), and total clouds over East Asia are 41.4 ± 0.7%, 25.1 ± 0.9%, and 66.5 ± 1.6%, respectively, with a slight interannual variation. The maximum annual cloud fraction that appeared over the Sichuan Basin is mainly attributed to unique occlusive topographic features. Moreover, the annual vertical distribution of cloud occurrence frequency over East Asia presents a multipeak structure. Furthermore, at a height below 2 km, cloud frequency distribution exhibits a large peak over the south, north, northeast, eastern sea, and East Asia, a small peak over the northwest, and the smallest peak over Tibet, which is mainly ascribed to terrain topographies. For the average uppermost CTH and cloud fraction, the same seasonal characteristic is demonstrated; that is, CTH and cloud fraction are highest in summer and lowest in winter, except in the northwest. This seasonal characteristic mainly results from the East Asian summer monsoon circulation. Overall, the annual cloud optical depths (CODs) of SL, ML, and total cloud over East Asia are 0.98 ± 0.02, 0.83 ± 0.09, and 1.81 ± 0.12, respectively. Moreover, the COD of each layer is mainly below 0.5 (52.3%), and the second peak of probability (10.4%) exists from 2.5 to 3.0. The two crests of probability are caused by clouds of different types. Overall, the annual cloud layer over East Asia mainly consists of cirrus (44.4%), which indicates that cirrus clouds play a leading role. Most geometrically thick clouds (CGD > 2 km) are cirrus and deep convective clouds. In general, annual CGD decreases with the increase in the number of ML cloud system layers, and CGD increases with the increase in altitude, whereas the COD of each layer exhibits a reverse trend.