bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical Cornelia de Lange Syndrome: a case report
Authors: Leanza Vito , Rubbino Gabriella , Leanza Gianluca 
Published: January 2014

Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) (also called Bushy Syndrome or Amsterdam dwarfism), is a genetic disorder that can lead to several alterations. This disease affects both physical and psychical development. The various abnormalities include facial dysmorphia (arched eyebrows, synophrys, depressed nasal bridge, long philtrum, down-turned angles of the mouth), upper-extremity malformations, hirsutism, cardiac defects, and gastrointestinal alterations. The prevalence of this syndrome is approximately one per 15,000. Ultrasound is not the perfect means to diagnose CdLS, however, many abnormalities can be detected prenatally by scrupulous image observation.We report an atypical CdLS case characterized by increased nuchal translucency in the first trimester, normal kariotype, saddle nose, micrognathia with receding jaw, low set ears, facies senilis, arthrogryposis of the hands, absence of the Aranzio ductus venous, dilatation of gallbladder and bowel, a unique umbilical artery, increased volume of amniotic fluid, and intrauterine growth retardation ending with the interruption of pregnancy.
Data Set—Online Pricing Data for Multiple U.S. Carriers
Authors: Mumbower Stacey , Garrow Laurie A. 
Published: January 2014

In this paper we describe a database of online airline prices collected from a major online travel agent and a low-cost carrier. The database provides detailed pricing data for all nonstop flights offered in a market. Data are provided for 42 domestic U.S. markets across a 28-day booking horizon for 21 departure dates. Each of the 42 markets is served by one or more low-cost carriers. These data can be used to investigate the evolution of prices and price dispersion for monopoly, duopoly, and oligopoly markets. The data can be used to create simulated data sets for benchmarking the performance of revenue management algorithms that consider competitors' prices. Analysis of the data may enable researchers to observe general patterns that would be useful to motivate research and/or teaching in revenue management. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/msom.2013.0466 .
Ertragsmaximierung eines katalytischen Festbettreaktors mit Hilfe eines modellprädiktiven Reglers und Zustandsschätzers
Authors: Rhein Sönke , Utz Tilman , Graichen Knut 
Published: January 2014

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird der Entwurf eines modellprädiktiven Reglers und Zustandsschätzers für einen katalytischen Festbettreaktor vorgestellt. Das nichtlineare verteilt-parametrische Reaktormodell wird hierfür zunächst durch ein hochdimensionales Ersatzsystem gewöhnlicher Differentialgleichungen approximiert. Durch die geeignete Formulierung eines dynamischen Optimierungsproblems für den Regler wird eine Maximierung des Ertrags erreicht. Ein angepasstes Gradientenverfahren in Verbindung mit einer effizienten numerischen Integration erlaubt eine echtzeitfähige Implementierung des Konzepts.
Projections of Richardson varieties
Authors: Knutson Allen , Lam Thomas , Speyer David E 
Published: January 2014

Abstract.

While the projections of Schubert varieties in a full generalized
flag manifold G/B to a partial flag manifold G/P are again
Schubert varieties, the projections of Richardson varieties
(intersections of Schubert varieties with opposite Schubert varieties)
are not always Richardson varieties. The stratification of G/P
by projections of Richardson varieties arises in the theory of
total positivity and also from Poisson and noncommutative geometry.
In this paper we show that many of the geometric
properties of Richardson varieties hold more generally for projected
Richardson varieties; they are normal, Cohen–Macaulay, have
rational resolutions, and are compatibly Frobenius split with
respect to the standard splitting. Indeed, we show that the
projected Richardson varieties are the only compatibly
split subvarieties, providing an example of the recent theorem
(Schwede, Kumar–Mehta) that a Frobenius split scheme has only
finitely many compatibly split subvarieties. (The G/B case was
treated by Hague, whose proof we simplify somewhat.)
One combinatorial analogue of a Richardson variety is the order
complex of the corresponding Bruhat interval in W;
this complex is known to be an EL-shellable ball (Björner–Wachs).
We prove that the projection of such a complex into the order complex
of the Bruhat order on

W
/

W
P

$W/W_P$

is again a shellable ball.
This requires extensive analysis of “P-Bruhat order”,
a generalization of the k-Bruhat order of Bergeron–Sottile.
In the case that G/P is minuscule (e.g. a Grassmannian),
we show that its Gröbner degeneration takes each projected Richardson
variety to the Stanley–Reisner scheme of its corresponding ball.
Motivic Milnor fiber of a quasi-ordinary hypersurface
Authors: González Pérez Pedro D. , González Villa Manuel 
Published: January 2014

Abstract.

Let

f

:

(

𝐂

d
+
1

,
0
)

→

(
𝐂
,
0
)

$f \hspace{-1.0pt}:\hspace{-1.0pt}(\mathbf {C}^{d+1}, 0) \hspace{-1.0pt}\rightarrow \hspace{-1.0pt}(\mathbf {C},0)$

be a germ of complex
analytic function such that
its zero level defines an irreducible germ of quasi-ordinary hypersurface

(
S
,
0
)

⊂

(

𝐂

d
+
1

,
0
)

$(S, 0) \subset (\mathbf {C}^{d+1}, 0)$

.
We describe the motivic Igusa zeta function, the motivic Milnor fibre
and the Hodge–Steenbrink spectrum of f at 0 in terms of
topological invariants of

(
S
,
0
)

⊂

(

𝐂

d
+
1

,
0
)

$(S, 0) \subset (\mathbf {C}^{d+1}, 0)$

.
The special values of Dirichlet L-functions as an analogue of the Iwasawa power series
Authors: Sun Hae-Sang 
Published: January 2014

Abstract.

For two different prime numbers p and

ℓ

$\ell $

, the special values of Dirichlet L-functions in a finite field of characteristic p are considered as a function on the

ℓ

$\ell $

-power roots of unity, which is an analogue of the Iwasawa power series. In this setting, we prove various properties of these functions, for example, transcendence and linear independence over rational functions, which are non-equal characteristic analogues of
the results of Anglès–Ranieri [Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble) 60 (2010), no. 5, 1831–1855]
and the author [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 138 (2010), no. 6, 1955–1963].
Association of oral hygiene habits and food intake with the risk of dental caries among undergraduate university women in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Musaiger Abdulrahman O. , Al-Mannai Mariam , Abduljawad Eman 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of dental caries in relation to oral hygiene habits and food intake among women at university in Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A sample of 935 undergraduate university women was selected from the King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A previously pretested questionnaire was used to collect the data. Odds ratios were calculated to estimate the risk of dental caries associated with oral hygiene and food intake.
Results: The findings revealed that women who cleaned their teeth three times or more per day mostly cleaned their teeth after intake of sweets and chocolates, and had no gingivitis were at less risk of dental caries than other women (p=0.029, p=0.000 and p=0.000, respectively). The intake of milk, fruit and vegetables on 4 days or more per week was found to protect against dental caries (odds ratios=0.34, 0.64 and 0.73, respectively), whereas the intake of chocolate and soft drinks for the same period was found to be a risk factor for dental caries (odds ratios=1.8 and 1.4, respectively).
Conclusion: The results of this study are useful for public health intervention programs to combat dental caries in the Saudi community.
A grand potential approach to phase-field modeling of rapid solidification
Authors: Danilov Denis A. , Lebedev Vladimir G. , Galenko Peter K. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract.
Rapid solidification occurs under large driving force of transformation from
the metastable undercooled liquid phase to the stable crystalline state. Using
a formalism of extended irreversible thermodynamics, a phase-field model of
rapid solidification in binary systems is derived. An entropy approach
together with a grand potential density of a binary system is used to obtain
the main governing equations of the model. Special attention is paid to equations
of a rapidly solidifying binary system which are accompanied by essential
deviations from local equilibrium in the transport of the conservative variables
(such as inner energy and mass) and in the dynamics of non-conservative
variables (such as phase field). The obtained equations are analyzed and
compared with recent models and outcomes based on the grand potential
approach to solidification.
Stochastic controls of relaxed-singular problems
Authors: Chala Adel , Bahlali Seid 
Published: January 2014

Abstract.
We consider in this paper mixed relaxed-singular stochastic control problems,
where the control variable has two components, the first being measure-valued
and the second singular. The control domain is not necessarily convex and the
system is governed by a nonlinear stochastic differential equation, in which
the measure-valued part of the control enters both the drift and the diffusion
coefficients. We establish necessary optimality conditions of the Pontryagin
maximum principle type satisfied by an optimal relaxed-singular control,
which exist under general conditions on the coefficients. The proof is based
on the strict singular stochastic maximum principle established by
Bahlali–Mezerdi, Ekeland's variational principle and some stability properties
of the trajectories and adjoint processes with respect to the control variable.
The Multiple Chemokine-Binding Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Glycoprotein G (BHV1gG) Inhibits Polymorphonuclear Cell but Not Monocyte Migration into Inflammatory Sites
Authors: Liu Zheng , Bethunaickan Ramalingam , Sahu Ranjit , Brenner Max , Laragione Teresina , Gulko Percio S. , Davidson Anne 
Published: January 2014

AbstractChemokines facilitate the recruitment of inflammatory cells into tissues, contributing to target organ injury in a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Targeting either single chemokines or chemokine receptors alters the progression of disease in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus with varying degrees of efficacy, but clinical trials in humans have been less successful. Given the redundancy of chemokine-chemokine receptor interactions, targeting of more than one chemokine may be required to inhibit active inflammatory disease. To test the effects of multiple chemokine blockade in inflammation, we generated an adenovirus expressing bovine herpesvirus 1 glycoprotein G (BHV1gG), a viral chemokine antagonist that binds to a wide spectrum of murine and human chemokines, fused to the fragment crystallizable (Fc) portion of murine immunoglobulin (IgG)2a. Administration of the adenovirus significantly inhibited thioglycollate-induced migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice and reduced both clinical severity and articular damage in K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis. However, treatment with BHV1gG-Ig fusion protein did not prevent monocyte infiltration into the peritoneum in the thioglycollate model and did not prevent renal monocyte infiltration or nephritis in lupus-prone NZB/W mice. These observations suggest that the simultaneous inhibition of multiple chemokines by BHV1gG has the potential to interfere with acute inflammatory responses mediated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but is less effective in chronic inflammatory disease mediated by macrophages.
Activation of AMPK Enhances Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Bacterial Killing
Authors: Park Dae Won , Jiang Shaoning , Tadie Jean-Marc , Stigler William S. , Gao Yong , Deshane Jessy , Abraham Edward , Zmijewski Jaroslaw W. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAn inability of neutrophils to eliminate invading microorganisms is frequently associated with severe infection and may contribute to the high mortality rates associated with sepsis. In the present studies, we examined whether metformin and other 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators affect neutrophil motility, phagocytosis and bacterial killing. We found that activation of AMPK enhanced neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro and in vivo, and also counteracted the inhibition of chemotaxis induced by exposure of neutrophils to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In contrast, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of AMPKα1 or blockade of AMPK activation through treatment of neutrophils with the AMPK inhibitor compound C diminished neutrophil chemotaxis. In addition to their effects on chemotaxis, treatment of neutrophils with metformin or aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR) improved phagocytosis and bacterial killing, including more efficient eradication of bacteria in a mouse model of peritonitis-induced sepsis. Immunocytochemistry showed that, in contrast to LPS, metformin or AICAR induced robust actin polymerization and distinct formation of neutrophil leading edges. Although LPS diminished AMPK phosphorylation, metformin or AICAR was able to partially decrease the effects of LPS/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) engagement on downstream signaling events, particularly LPS-induced IκBα degradation. The IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitor PS-1145 diminished IκBα degradation and also prevented LPS-induced inhibition of chemotaxis. These results suggest that AMPK activation with clinically approved agents, such as metformin, may facilitate bacterial eradication in sepsis and other inflammatory conditions associated with inhibition of neutrophil activation and chemotaxis. Online address: https://doi.org/www.molmed.org
Antiangiogenic and Antitumoral Effects Mediated by a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 1 (VEGFR-1)-Targeted DNAzyme
Authors: Shen Liangfang , Zhou Qin , Wang Ying , Liao Weihua , Chen Yan , Xu Zhijie , Yang Lifang , Sun Lun-Quan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAntiangiogenesis is a promising antitumor strategy that inhibits tumor vascular formation to suppress tumor growth. DNAzymes are synthetic single-strand deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules that can cleave ribonucleic acids (RNAs). Here, we conducted a comprehensivein vitroselection of active DNAzymes for their activity to cleave the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-1) mRNA and screened for their biological activity in a matrigel tube-formation assay. Among the selected DNAzymes, DT18 was defined as a lead molecule that was further investigated in several model systems. In a rat corneal vascularization model, DT18 demonstrated significant and specific antiangiogenic activity, as evidenced by the reduced area and vessel number in VEGF-induced corneal angiogenesis. In a mouse melanoma model, DT18 was shown to inhibit B16 tumor growth, whereas it did not affect B16 cell proliferation. We further assessed the DT18 effect in mice with established human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A significant inhibition of tumor growth was observed, which accompanied downregulation of VEGFR-1 expression in NPC tumor tissues. To evaluate DT18 effect on vasculature, we performed dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) on the human NPC xenograft mice treated with DT18 and showed a reduction of the parameter ofKtrans(volume constant for transfer of contrast agent), which reflects the condition of tumor microvascular permeability. When examining the safety and tolerability of DT18, intravenous administration of Dz18 to healthy mice caused no substantial toxicities, as shown by parameters such as body weight, liver/kidney function, and histological and biochemical analyses. Taken together, our data suggest that the anti-VEGFR-1DNAzyme may be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer, such as NPC.
CB2 Receptor Deficiency Increases Amyloid Pathology and Alters Tau Processing in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Koppel Jeremy , Vingtdeux Valerie , Marambaud Philippe , d’Abramo Cristina , Jimenez Heidy , Stauber Mark , Friedman Rachel , Davies Peter 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe endocannabinoid CB2 receptor system has been implicated in the neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In order to investigate the impact of the CB2 receptor system on AD pathology, a colony of mice with a deleted CB2 receptor gene, CNR2, was established on a transgenic human mutant APP background for pathological comparison with CB2 receptor-sufficient transgenic mice. J20 APP (PDGFB-APPSwInd) mice were bred over two generations with CNR2−/− (Cnr2tm1Dgen/J) mice to produce a colony of J20 CNR2+/+ and J20 CNR2−/− mice. Seventeen J20 CNR2+/+ mice (12 females, 5 males) and 16 J20 CNR2−/− mice (11 females, 5 males) were killed at 12 months, and their brains were interrogated for AD-related pathology with both biochemistry and immunocytochemistry (ICC). In addition to amyloid-dependent endpoints such as soluble Aβ production and plaque deposition quantified with 6E10 staining, the effect of CB2 receptor deletion on total soluble mouse tau production was assayed by using a recently developed high-sensitivity assay. Results revealed that soluble Aβ42 and plaque deposition were significantly increased in J20 CNR2−/− mice relative to CNR2+/+ mice. Microgliosis, quantified with ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1) staining, did not differ between groups, whereas plaque associated microglia was more abundant in J20 CNR2−/− mice. Total tau was significantly suppressed in J20 CNR2−/− mice relative to J20 CNR2+/+ mice. The results confirm the constitutive role of the CB2 receptor system both in reducing amyloid plaque pathology in AD and also support tehpotential of cannabinoid therapies targeting CB2 to reduce Aβ; however, the results suggest that interventions may have a divergent effect on tau pathology.
Glass foam from window panes and bottle glass wastes
Authors: Vancea Cosmin , Lazău Ioan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Glass foams are building materials that now compete with classic insulating polymeric and fiber materials for thermal enveloping. The low flammability, high chemical durability and thermal stability are distinct advantages over polymeric materials. The present paper proposes the possibility of producing glass foam using two types of recycled glass wastes (window panes and bottle glass) together with plaster wastes from used ceramic casting molds as foaming agent. Optical microscopy, measurements of apparent porosity and density, hydrolytic and chemical stability, as well as thermal conductivity were used in order to characterize the obtained glass foams as insulator materials for the building industry. The apparent porosity of glass foams ranges between 20.19–54.54% when using window glass wastes, and 18.77–51.75% with bottle glass wastes. Thermal conductivity was less than 0.25 W mK-1 for all the studied glasses. The obtained results confirm that there exists an alternative method for producing glass foams, for example, from glass wastes and used ceramic plaster molds, which are utilized as foaming agents with good chemical stability and insulating properties.
Effects of cerebral magnetic resonance imaging in outpatients on observed incidence of intracranial tumors and patient survival: a national observational study
Authors: Solheim Ole , Torsteinsen Magne , Johannesen Tom Børge , Jakola Asgeir Store 
Published: January 2014

Object
It is assumed that the observed increase in brain tumor incidence may at least partially be explained by increased use of MRI. However, to date no direct estimate of this effect is available. The authors undertook this registry-based study to examine whether regional frequencies of cerebral MRI use correlate to regional incidence rates of intracranial tumors and survival of patients with these lesions.

Methods
The authors used Norwegian national population registries from January 2002 through December 2007 to conduct this observational study. They obtained information on outpatient MRI scans in Norwegian counties and examined whether the annual regional rates of cerebral MRI scans correlated to regional age- and sex-adjusted brain tumor incidence rates. They also explored whether differences in cerebral MRI use were associated with survival and examined time trends in the study period.

Results
Approximately 50,000 cerebral MRI scans are carried out annually in outpatient settings in Norway, and 6363 primary intracranial tumors were diagnosed in Norway during the study period. There was an overall positive correlation between the annual number of cerebral MRI scans per 100,000 capita and age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates of intracranial tumors in the various Norwegian counties (Spearman's rho = 0.35, p < 0.001). In a linear model, an increase in 1 MRI per 100,000 capita per year results in a 0.004 (95% CI 0.002–0.006) increase in diagnosed intracranial tumors per 100,000 capita per year (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed a correlation between MRI use and the annual age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates of extraaxial tumors (p = 0.04, Spearman's rho = 0.28) but not intraaxial tumors (p = 0.394). Overall survival for unselected patients with intracranial tumors is longer with increasing number of cerebral MRI scans per capita in the county of residence at the time of the diagnosis (log rank, p = 0.029). However, after adjustment for year of diagnosis and catchment region of the Norwegian neurosurgical centers, the association between MRI scans per capita and overall survival was no longer statistically significant (p = 0.076).

Conclusions
Presumably due to the incidental discovery of benign extraaxial tumors, regional differences in the use of cerebral MRI in outpatients affect observed incidence rates of intracranial tumors.
Fiber tractography of the axonal pathways linking the basal ganglia and cerebellum in Parkinson disease: implications for targeting in deep brain stimulation
Authors: Sweet Jennifer A. , Walter Benjamin L. , Gunalan Kabilar , Chaturvedi Ashutosh , McIntyre Cameron C. , Miller Jonathan P. 
Published: January 2014

Object
Stimulation of white matter pathways near targeted structures may contribute to therapeutic effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Two tracts linking the basal ganglia and cerebellum have been described in primates: the subthalamopontocerebellar tract (SPCT) and the dentatothalamic tract (DTT). The authors used fiber tractography to evaluate white matter tracts that connect the cerebellum to the region of the basal ganglia in patients with PD who were candidates for DBS.

Methods
Fourteen patients with advanced PD underwent 3-T MRI, including 30-directional diffusion-weighted imaging sequences. Diffusion tensor tractography was performed using 2 regions of interest: ipsilateral subthalamic and red nuclei, and contralateral cerebellar hemisphere. Nine patients underwent subthalamic DBS, and the course of each tract was observed relative to the location of the most effective stimulation contact and the volume of tissue activated.

Results
In all patients 2 distinct tracts were identified that corresponded closely to the described anatomical features of the SPCT and DTT, respectively. The mean overall distance from the active contact to the DTT was 2.18 ± 0.35 mm, and the mean proportional distance relative to the volume of tissue activated was 1.35 ± 0.48. There was a nonsignificant trend toward better postoperative tremor control in patients with electrodes closer to the DTT.

Conclusions
The SPCT and the DTT may be related to the expression of symptoms in PD, and this may have implications for DBS targeting. The use of tractography to identify the DTT might assist with DBS targeting in the future.