bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of sarcopenia status on higher-level functional capacity in daily living among older orthopedic outpatients in Japan
Authors: Tomita Yoshihito , Nakashima Hiroki , Mizukami Satoshi , Arima Kazuhiko , Kusano Yosuke , Abe Yasuyo , Kanagae Mitsuo , Aoyagi Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
A higher risk of disability has been reported in sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia patient groups than in the non-sarcopenia group. Here, we showed an independent association between sarcopenia and disability among older orthopedic outpatients in Japan.
Methods
The sample included 103 older outpatients aged ≥65 years with orthopedic diseases. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight divided by height squared (kg/m2). Sarcopenia was defined as low grip strength and low muscle mass. The classification of sarcopenia was based on the recommendations of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia. Muscle mass was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis using InBody 430. Higher-level functional capacity was determined using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC), a multidimensional 13-item scale that consists of three subscales: instrumental activities of daily living, intellectual activity, and social role. The association between sarcopenia and disability was assessed using logistic regression analysis.
Results
The prevalence rates of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia were 14.7% and 11.8%, respectively. Older age was associated with severe sarcopenia. The percentage of individuals with disabilities in social roles was significantly higher in the severe sarcopenia group than that in the non-sarcopenia group. After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, and comorbidity, severe sarcopenia was significantly associated with disability in social roles among orthopedic outpatients. The sarcopenia group showed no significant social role disabilities.
Conclusions
Sarcopenia is a serious problem facing older orthopedic outpatients. Severe sarcopenia was found to be associated with disability in social roles among older orthopedic outpatients.
Should No.253 lymph nodes be dissected routinely in laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer?
Authors: Yao Qi-jun , Liu Zhi-min , Pei Fengyun , He Fang , Zhao Yandong , Huang Jun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer (CRC) has become the most important treatment for resectable CRC. However, it is still controversial whether No.253 lymph nodes should be routinely dissected during radical resection of sigmoid colon cancer and rectal cancer.
Patients and methods:
From June 2016 to January 2019, 508 patients with sigmoid or rectal cancer received surgical treatment in the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were divided into No.253 LN dissection group (n = 220) and No.253 LN preservation group (n = 288) according to whether No.253 LN were removed during operation. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust the differences in baseline characteristics. The incidence of postoperative complications and survival rate related results were analyzed after PSM.
Results
294 patients were equally divided into No.253 LN dissection group (n = 147) and No.253 LN preservation group (n = 147) after PSM. There were no statistically significant differences in overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), recurrence free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) between the two groups (P value was 0.054, 0.159, 0.837 and 0.143 respectively). Though, No.253 LN-positive group had a shorter OS (P = 0.003) and PFS (P = 0.004), a low positive rate (4/220) of No.253 LN metastases was observed. CT or MRI in assessment of LN involvement reveal that LN diameter ≥ 5mm in diameter indicated a higher discrimination accuracy, which should be paid attention in clinical practice.
Conclusion
Routine dissection of No.253 LN is not necessary for all patients with sigmoid colon cancer or rectal cancer but is performed in specific cases. For certain cases, such as in patients with regional LN ≥ 5mm, especially ≥ 10mm, evaluated by preoperative CT/MRI, dissection of No.253 LN should be considered into clinical practice.
Changes in the spectrum of ocular disease during the COVID-19 pandemic in late 2022 in the Hubei Province
Authors: Bao Qing , Chen Xiaomin , Zheng Zhiwei , Zheng Yan , Li Yuting , Ren Yaoyao , Shen Yanru , Zhang Nan , Ke Min 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
We aimed to investigate changes in the ocular disease spectrum during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in late 2022 in the Hubei Province.
Methods
This retrospective observational study was conducted in two parts. The first part involved collecting COVID-19-related information from residents of Hubei Province during the COVID-19 pandemic through an online questionnaire survey. The second part involved extracting electronic medical records from ophthalmology outpatient departments at two hospitals in Hubei Province during the pandemic and epidemic prevention and control periods, analyzing changes in the spectrum of ocular diseases.
Results
In the first part，31.65% of patients with systemic symptoms of COVID-19 experienced ocular discomforts. The most common ocular symptoms were eye fatigue, ocular pain and dry eye. In the second part, 76.5% of patients who visited the ophthalmic clinic had COVID-19-related systemic symptoms during pandemic period. The proportion of ornea/keratitis, glaucoma/acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) and vitreoretinal disease/retinal vein obstruction (RVO)/acute macular neuroretinalpathy (AMN) increased markedly during pandemic period. Additionally, the number of patients under 18 years and over 60 years in pandemic perioddecreased significantly.
Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to certain changes in the spectrum of ocular disease, which warrants the attention of ophthalmologists.
Childhood sexual abuse, internet addiction, problematic pornography use, and depression among medical students in Bangladesh
Authors: Siddik Md Abu Bakkar , Shakil Md. Rajwanullha , Hasan Mahedi , Hakim Md. Azizul 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Due to several factors (eg. sexual abuse, academic pressure), medical students go through significant mental health issues such as internet addiction (IA), problematic use of pornography (PPU), and depression. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) history, IA, PPU, and depression among medical students and associated factors. Methodology: Childhood sexual abuse history, Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT-20), Brief Pornography Screener (BPS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and other sociodemographic information were collected through an online Google form across Bangladesh in this cross-sectional study. Descriptive analysis, Pearson chi-square test, and ordinal logistic regression were employed to assess the prevalence, significant factors, and gender-based assessment. Later, to assess the correlation between the dependent variables, a bivariate co-relation matrix was employed.
Results
A total of 3264 students participated with a mean age of 21.5 years old. we found that 28.3% of students had a history of CSA, among them 7.35% were male, and 20.96% were female. 70.2% of students had PPU, 62.1% of them were addicted to the internet and 50.4% of them were depressed. Gender, medical college type, marital status, CSA, IA, and PPU had a significant effect on increasing depression among the participants and positively related with each other.
Conclusion
The study found many medical students with IA, PPU, and depression. Students must discuss their CSA-related experiences. To protect children from CSA, lawmakers should pass legislation. Eliminating IA and PPU requires psychological therapy for students. Marriage may reduce depression, encouraging stakeholders to explore its effects. Finally, public awareness is essential.
Epidemiology of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis at a single center in Japan: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hashimoto Kazuki , Abe Yuko , Fukushima Kiyoharu , Niitsu Takayuki , Komukai Sho , Miyamoto Satoshi , Nii Takuro , Matsuki Takanori , Takeuchi Noriyuki , Morimoto Kozo , Kida Hiroshi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: The characteristics of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCBE) in Asia, including Japan, remain largely unknown. We aimed to provide insights into the clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of NCBE, especially regarding nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection, and establish a basis for comparison with global datasets. In addition, long-term macrolide antibiotic use in patients with NCBE and a history of exacerbations is established, but the effects in patients without exacerbations remain unclear.
Methods: In this single-center, retrospective study, the medical records of patients who satisfied the NCBE criteria between 1 January 2012 and 31 August 2023 were reviewed. Severe exacerbations and mortality during the observation period were recorded. Baseline characteristics, prognostic factors, and overall survival of patients with and without non-NTM infection were evaluated; effects of long-term macrolide antibiotic use in patients without severe exacerbations were estimated using inverse probability weighting (IPW).
Results: In 1044 patients with bronchiectasis, severe exacerbation rates were 22·32%, with mortality rates of 3·16% at 3 years. Notably, the high prevalence of NTM infection (n=458, 43·87%) in this cohort was distinctive. Compared with the NTM group, the non-NTM group had a higher proportion of elevated inflammatory markers, with significant differences in C-reactive protein levels (p=0·0023) and blood neutrophil counts (p<0·001). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more frequently identified as having colonization and was associated with severe exacerbations (p<0·001) in the non-NTM group. NTM infection was not associated with mortality (p=0·4621, hazard ratio=0·79). Among patients with non-NTM infection and without a history of exacerbation in the past 2 years, 34·3% received long-term macrolide antibiotics that did not invariably reduce severe exacerbations (P=0·3801, IPW P=0·7222).
Conclusions: This study highlights NCBE epidemiology in Japan, advising caution in the casual use of macrolides for mild cases.
Clinical Trial Registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry Number: UMIN000054726 (Registered on 21 June 2024)
Repair defects after endoscopic debridement of head and neck cancer carcinoma with prior irradiation of submental flaps
Authors: Zhang Xinrui , Zhao Yaoxin , Wang Yingqi , Huang Haiqiong , Ma Huimin , Hu Huayong , Zhang Jianzhong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background: To explore the feasibility and effect of submental flaps to repair the head and neck carcinoma with prior irradiation after endoscopic surgery.
Methods: This study retrospectively analysed five cases with necrotic or recurrent of head and neck malignant tumours of post radiation after endoscopic surgery in our department from January 2023 to December 2023, including five males and aged 43–60 years. After endoscopic resection, the submental flap was prefabricated to repair the nasopharynx or oropharynx postoperative defects.
Results: All cases in which flaps were used survived, and the average size of the SF used to repair the defects was 12–15 cm by 6–7 cm. All the patients had nasal feeding and the tracheal cannula was removed hospital discharge. Among them, patients with soft palate cancer repair had mild nasal reflux symptoms with smooth breathing. Upon intraoperative evaluation, all five patients had SF venous drainage, as well as nasal blockage and inadequate nasal ventilation. During the follow-up period 6–12 months, no visible ulcer surface or dry scab formation was seen.
Conclusions：This study features the use of a submental flap to repair the head and neck defects with prior irradiation after endoscopic surgery, and it is a simple and fast procedure with adequate tissue and good arteriovenous blood supply to adjacent sites. This method is reliable and effective for postoperative defect repair of head and neck carcinoma, and it is worthy of widespread promotion.
Busulfan-Fludarabine Versus Busulfan-Cyclophosphamide for Allogeneic Transplant in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Long Term Analysis of GITMO AML-R2 Trial
Authors: Rambaldi Alessandro , Cavallaro Gianluca , Grassi Anna , Pavoni Chiara , Micò Maria Caterina , Busca Alessandro , Cavattoni Irene , Santarone Stella , Borghero Carlo , Olivieri Attilio , Milone Giuseppe , Chiusolo Patrizia , Musto Pellegrino , Saccardi Riccardo , Patriarca Francesca , Pane Fabrizio , Saporiti Giorgia , Rivela Paolo , Terruzzi Elisabetta , Cerretti Raffaella , Marotta Giuseppe , Carella Angelo Michele , Arnon Nagler , Russo Domenico , Corradini Paolo , Bernasconi Paolo , Iori Anna Paola , Castagna Luca , Mordini Nicola , Oldani Elena , Grazia Carmen DI , Bacigalupo Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

We report the long-term results of a randomized trial (GITMO, AML-R2), comparing 1:1 the combination of busulfan and cyclophosphamide (BuCy2, n= 125) and the combination of busulfan and fludarabine (BuFlu, n= 127) as conditioning regimen in acute myeloid leukemia patients (median age 51 years, range 40-65) undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. With a median follow-up of 6 years, significantly better non-relapse mortality (NRM) was confirmed in BuFlu recipients, which is sustained up to 4 years after transplant (10% vs 20%, p= 0.0388). This difference was higher in patients older than 51 years (11 % in BuFlu vs 27% in BuCy2, p= 0.0262). The cumulative incidence of relapse, which was the first cause of death in the entire study population, did not differ between the two randomized arms. Similarly, the leukemia-free survival (LFS) and overall survival (OS) were not different in the two cohorts, even when stratifying patients per median age. Graft-and relapse free-survival (GRFS) in BuFlu arm vs the BuCy2 arm was 25% vs 20% at 4 years and 20% vs 17% at 10 years. Hence, the benefit gained by NRM reduction is not offsets by an increased relapse. Leukemia relapse remains a major concern, urging the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Patient-reported outcome measures for acute rhinosinusitis in adults and children: A systematic review of the quality of existing instruments
Authors: Baalmann Ann-Kristin , Nestler Sophie , Donhauser Theresa , Apfelbacher Christian , Piontek Katharina 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) is a self-limiting inflammation of the nose and sinuses caused by viral or bacterial infections that requires primarily symptomatic treatment. Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are suitable tools for the assessment of the effectiveness of remedies for ARS from the patient’s perspective in clinical trials and real-world studies. Data regarding the quality of existing PROMs for ARS is limited.
Purpose
To conduct a systematic review of the quality of existing disease-specific PROMs for use in adults and children with ARS according to the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology, and to derive recommendations for use of the identified instruments in future clinical studies.
Methods
We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science and Embase for studies reporting on the development and/or validation of PROMs for ARS. We assessed the methodological quality of each included study, evaluated the quality of measurement properties per PROM and study, and graded the evidence. Based on the overall evidence, we derived recommendations for use of the instruments.
Results
We identified four studies on three PROMs measuring symptoms of ARS and quality of life in adults (Sinonasal Outcome Test-16, SNOT-16; Measurement of Acute Rhinosinusitis, MARS; Rhinosinusitis Quality-of-Life Assessment, RhinoQoL). For ARS in children, we identified two studies on two PROMs measuring symptoms of ARS (Pediatric Rhinosinusitis Symptom Scale, PRSS; Sinus Symptom Questionnaire, S5). Our assessment of measurement properties indicates that all instruments require further validation before they can be unrestrictedly recommended for use in future research (COSMIN category B). In particular there were no content validity studies for any of the identified instruments, but also data on other important measurement properties, e.g., structural validity, are lacking.
Conclusion
Currently, no PROM for ARS in adults and children can be unrestrictedly recommended based on the evaluation of their quality. Further validation is required for all identified PROMs. Content validation involving patients and experts should be given priority.
Systematic review registration:
OSF (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/VAP8U)
Satellite telemetry reveals complex mixed movement strategies in ibis and spoonbills of Australia: implications for water and wetland management
Authors: McGinness Heather M. , Lloyd-Jones Luke R. , Robinson Freya , Langston Art , O’Neill Louis G. , Rapley Shoshana , Jackson Micha V. , Hodgson Jessica , Piper Melissa , Davies Micah , Martin John M. , Kingsford Richard , Brandis Kate , Doerr Veronica , Nally Ralph Mac 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Waterbird population and species diversity maintenance are important outcomes of wetland conservation management, but knowledge gaps regarding waterbird movements affect our ability to understand and predict waterbird responses to management at appropriate scales. Movement tracking using satellite telemetry is now allowing us to fill these knowledge gaps for nomadic waterbirds at continental scales, including in remote areas for which data have been historically difficult to acquire. We used GPS satellite telemetry to track the movements of 122 individuals of three species of ibis and spoonbills (Threskiornithidae) in Australia from 2016 to 2023. We analysed movement distances, residency, home range (when resident) and foraging-site fidelity. From this we derived implications for water and wetland management for waterbird conservation. This is the first multi-year movement tracking data for ibis and spoonbills in Australia, with some individuals tracked continuously for more than five years including from natal site to first breeding attempt. Tracking revealed both inter- and intra-specific variability in movement strategies, including residency, nomadism, and migration, with individuals switching between these behaviours. During periods of residency, home ranges and distances travelled to forage were highly variable and differed significantly between species. Sixty-five percent of identified residency areas were not associated with wetlands formally listed nationally or internationally as important. Tracking the movements of waterbirds provides context for coordinated allocation of management resources, such as provision of environmental water at appropriate places and times for maximum conservation benefit. This study highlights the geographic scales over which these birds function and shows how variable waterbird movements are. This illustrates the need to consider the full life cycle of these birds when making management decisions and evaluating management impacts. Increased knowledge of the spatio-temporal interactions of waterbirds with their resource needs over complete life cycles will continue to be essential for informing management aimed at increasing waterbird numbers and maintaining long-term diversity.
Inability of Quadriceps Muscular Stiffness to Explain Variances in Torque during Isometric Knee Extension Tests Across Different Degrees of Knee Position in Healthy Individuals
Authors: LI Yuanchao , He YaNan , Pan Zhiming , Chen YM , Shen PF , Ling JX , Liu Chunlong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to assess how internal (IR) and external (LR) knee joint rotation affect stiffness and strength in quadriceps femoris (RF, VL, and VM) during isometric knee extensor tests at various knee flexion angles (30°, 60°, 90°), and to explore their relationship.
Methods
A descriptive observational cohort study recruited 46 healthy young adults. Participants performed maximum voluntary quadriceps contractions at three knee flexion angles (30°, 60°, 90°), with three tibial rotation conditions (internal 10°, neutral, external 10°) set for each angle. Muscle hardness of dominant lower limb RF, VL, and VM was recorded using MyotonPro during isometric knee extensor tests. Isokinetic training instrument measured quadriceps femoris strength under neutral, 10° external, or 10° internal tibial rotation. Statistical analysis employed repeated measures general linear models.
Results
Knee joint rotation and flexion did not interact. Muscle hardness of RF, VL, and VM significantly increased during isometric knee extension compared to resting, but rotation angle and tibial position showed no significant differences. Quadriceps femoris strength was unaffected by 10° tibial rotation but varied with knee flexion angle, notably greater at 60° flexion (P < 0.01). Moderate correlations were observed between quadriceps muscle hardness and strength in each group.
Conclusion
Isometric knee extension force remains unaffected by tibial position but correlates with knee flexion angle. However, quadriceps femoris muscle hardness does not vary significantly with knee rotation or flexion. MyotonPro-measured muscle hardness under different conditions may not fully explain corresponding muscle strength variations.
Merozoite surface protein 2 polymorphism of Plasmodium falciparum isolates in a selected malarious area of Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Ashagre Agenagnew , Dinsa Jimma , Mekonnen Daniel Abebe , Abdu Melat , Eshetu Tegegne , Keffale Migbaru , Abere Aberham , Aemero Mulugeta 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The genetic diversity of Plasmodium falciparum provides the parasite with many effective immune evasion and drug resistance mechanisms. This phenomenon is a major problem in eradicating malaria globally. This study aimed to assess merozoite surface protein 2 polymorphisms in P. falciparum isolates from Northwest Ethiopia.
Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess merozoite surface protein 2 polymorphisms in P. falciparum isolates from selected malarious areas in Northwest Ethiopia from April to June 2021. A convenience sampling technique was used to select a total of 150 study participants. A finger prick blood sample was collected for the preparation of blood films and dried blood spots for molecular genotyping. The Merozoite surface protein 2 allele frequency and multiplicity of infection were computed. Spearman's rank coefficients were used to assess the associations between the multiplicity of infection and parasite density and age. A P value < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
Result
Polymorphism analysis was performed on 126 P. falciparum isolates. There were 38 different merozoite surface protein 2 alleles, 20 of which corresponded to the IC/3D7 allelic family and 18 to the FC27 allelic family. The majority of the isolates contained multiple infections, and the mean multiplicity of infection was 3.46. There was no statistically significant difference in the multiplicity of infection in relation to the age of patients (P = 0.646). However, a statistically significant correlation was found between parasite density and the multiplicity of infection (P = 0.046). The heterozygosity index for merozoite surface protein 2 was 0.948.
Conclusion
This study showed that P. falciparum isolates contain multiple genotypes with a high multiplicity of infections, suggesting the presence of extensive genetic diversity and mixed-strain infections. This could reflect a high level of malaria transmission intensity, which requires more effort to control malaria transmission in the study area.