bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demand response visualization tool for electric power systems
Authors: Negnevitsky Michael , Wong Koon 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Background
Demand response (DR) is referred to programs designed to manage and control electric loads. DR represents one of the vital tools utilized in power distribution networks to improve network efficiency. Effective implementation of DR programs delivers operational benefits such as reduced peak demands and relieved overloads, which are essential in a power system with growing penetration of fundamentally intermittent renewable energy sources.

Methods
This paper presents a visualization tool for optimising DR programs for domestic hot water systems in distribution power networks. The tool accurately models and predicts potential peak demand reductions through direct load control of domestic hot water systems. It employs a multi-layer thermally stratified hot water cylinder model and Monte Carlo simulations to generate hot water load profiles of domestic customers. To meet peak reduction targets set by the tool user, switching programs found via iterative optimizations are applied to hot water systems.

Results
The structure and individual components of the tool are described, and case studies are presented. Impacts of different switching programs on customer’s comfort are evaluated and discussed.

Conclusion
The visualization tool is designed to recommend optimum DR switching programs for domestic water heating systems. The tool can assess the performance of a DR switching program by estimating potential peak load reductions and customer comfort characterized by the probability of cold showers. A power system operator can use this tool to determine the available domestic water heating load in a controlled area, and predict the potential reduction in peak load.
Charge transfer between photosynthetic proteins and hematite in bio-hybrid photoelectrodes for solar water splitting cells
Authors: Faccio Greta , Gajda-Schrantz Krisztina , Ihssen Julian , Boudoire Florent , Hu Yelin , Mun Bongjin Simon , Bora Debajeet K , Thöny-Meyer Linda , Braun Artur 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Functionalization of the hematite photoanode with the photosynthetic light antenna protein C-phycocyanin (PC) can yield substantial enhancement of the photocurrent density. Photoelectrochemical cells with bio-hybrid electrodes from photosynthetic proteins and inorganic semiconductors have thus potential for the use in artificial photosynthesis. We investigate here processing routes for the functionalization of hematite photoanodes with PC, including in situ co-polymerization of PC with enzymatically-produced melanin, and using a recombinant PC genetically engineered to carry a hexa-histidine tag (αHisPC). First, the effect of the immobilisation of PC on the electrode morphology and photocurrent production is evaluated. Then, the electronic charge transfer in dark and light conditions is assessed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and valence band (VB) X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The relative shift of the VB spectrum towards the Fermi energy EF upon illumination is smaller for the more complex processed coating and virtually disappears for αHisPC immobilised with a melanin film. Optimal conditions for protein immobilisation are determined and the dark currents benefit most from the most advanced protein coating processes.
Development of microfluidic LED sensor platform
Authors: Kim Tae Hyeon , Lee Jong Min , Chung Bong Hyun , Chung Bong Geun 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We developed the microfluidic light emitting diode (LED) sensor for methanol detection. The linear gradient-generating microfluidic device consists of two inlet and four outlet microchannels. The concentration gradients of methanol were stably generated in the microfluidic platform in a temporal and spatial manner. The methanol harvested from microfluidic platforms was analyzed by measuring electrical conductivity, showing that currents were decreased with the methanol content. The methanol in the microfluidic device was also observed by LED sensor. Therefore, this microfluidic LED device could be a powerful platform for methanol sensor applications.
Landslide hazard zonation mapping using frequency ratio and fuzzy logic approach, a case study of Lachung Valley, Sikkim
Authors: Anbalagan Rathinam , Kumar Rohan , Lakshmanan Kalamegam , Parida Sujata , Neethu Sasidharan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Background
Sikkim Himalaya is under consistent distress due to landslides. Abrupt thrust on infrastructure development in the valley regions of Sikkim Himalaya has led to a need for a prior planning to face landslide hazard. A comprehensive study for the identification of landslide hazard zones using landslide frequency ratio and fuzzy logic in GIS environment has been presented for the Lachung valley, Sikkim, India, where a number of hydroelectric projects are proposed.
Temporal remote sensing data was used to generate significant landslide causative factors in addition to landslide inventory. Primary topographic attributes namely slope, aspect and relative relief were derived from digital elevation model. Landslide frequency ratio approach was adopted to correlate landslide causal factors with landslide incidences. Further, fuzzy logic method was used for the integration of landslide causative factors in order to delineate the landslide hazard zones. Fuzzy memberships were derived from the landslide frequency ratio values. Different gamma values were used in fuzzy gamma integration process, which resulted different landslide hazard index maps. Receiver operating characteristic curves were prepared to analyze consistency of the resulting landslide hazard index maps.

Results
Landslide frequency ratio values have emphasised the importance of factors/classes in landsliding. High slope angle (35°-45°), very high slope category (>45°), High and very high relative relief categories; south, southeast and southwest aspects; drainage and lineaments buffer range of 0-50m, 50-100m and 100 to 150m; quartzite/garnet schist and migmatite type of lithology; Sandy loam and Rock/loam classes of soils; fallow land and sparse vegetation classes of land use/land cover were found to be associated with landsliding. Five landslide hazard zonation maps with each comprising five relative landslide hazard zones namely; very low, low, moderate, high and very high hazard zones were prepared by using five fuzzy gamma operators. Maps indicated that steep talus slopes, close proximity to drainages, ridges and spars fall under high hazard zones. Settlement areas were observed in low to moderate hazard zones. Very high hazard zones were observed in steep slopes, cliffs and cut slopes excavated for the roads. Low hazard zones were observed in agricultural terraces and permafrost areas.

Conclusions
Hence it can be concluded that landslide causative factor’s integration using fuzzy logic has yielded good results for Lachung valley. Frequency ratio method for determination of fuzzy membership value has reduced subjectivity in the model. The final LHZ map (γ = 0.92) can be used for the planning of future infrastructure, settlement and ecological development in Lachung region.
Preparation of Poly(1,2-dihydroxyethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)s as Polymer Homologues of Methanol/Ethanol
Authors: Suzuki Mikio , Takahashi Akio , Oyama Toshiyuki 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Poly(1,2-dihydroxyethylene-co-vinyl alcohol)s (P(DHE-VA)s) as polymer homologues of methanol/ethanol mixtures were prepared by alkaline hydrolysis of poly(vinylene carbonate-co-vinyl acetate)s. The obtained P(DHE-VA)s were soluble in water reflecting their repeating structures. P(DHE-VA)s were found to show higher thermal stability than poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Membranes composed of P(DHE-VA)s and phosphoric acid exhibited higher ionic conductivity than PVA/phosphoric acid under unhumidified condition, reflecting denser OH groups on the main chains of P(DHE-VA)s.
Comprehensive monitoring as a factor to ensure the quality of additional professional education
Authors: ������������  , Rastashanskaya Tatyana , ���������  , Mansurova Svetlana 
Published: February 2015

The article considers approaches to assessing the quality of additional professional programs (APP), including in the framework of the concepts of effectiveness
and relevance. The problem of timely software update and confirmation of their quality is considered from the standpoint of modern legislation
in the field of continuing professional education (CPE). Quality education is presented as a key feature of the system of additional professional education.
the validity of introducing the concept of &#34;comprehensive monitoring&#34; is displayed, internal and external factors of CPE /APP quality are revealed. Components
of quality management: compliance with APP regulations and needs of students and employers; qualified teachers, quality of APP, teaching
materials and facilities allowing to implement innovative technologies and learning path; quality and management efficiency. additional professional
education portal is analyzed From the point of view of new approaches to the creation of a modern APP bank. the importance of the institutional model
of CPE quality assurance is Substantiated.
Research potential of schoolchildren in terms of universal educational activities
Authors: ���������  , Makotrova Galina 
Published: February 2015

The author considers the use of universal educational activities stipulated in new State Educational Standard for high school classes as a didactic field of
modelling innovative technologies of inquiry-based learning of high school students. Correlation of universal educational activities (UEA) with separate
indicators of schoolchildren�s research potential enables a teacher to plan, to conduct and to measure its development precisely. In terms of UEA indicators
of schoolchildren�s motivation to research (cognition) are considered as individual learning outcomes, indicators of their scientific way of thinking,
creativity and technological readiness for research � as meta-objective learning outcomes.
Exploring Trade-offs in the Organization of Scientific Work: Collaboration and Scientific Reward
Authors: Bikard Michaël , Murray Fiona , Gans Joshua S. 
Published: February 2015

When do scientists and other innovators organize into collaborative teams, and why do they do so for some projects and not others? At the core of this important organizational choice is, we argue, a trade-off scientists make between the productive efficiency of collaboration and the credit allocation that arises after the completion of collaborative work. In this paper, we explore this trade-off by developing a model to structure our understanding of the factors shaping researcher collaborative choices, in particular the implicit allocation of credit among participants in scientific projects. We then use the annual research activity of 661 faculty scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology over a 31-year period to explore the trade-off between collaboration and reward at the individual faculty level and to infer critical parameters in the collaborative organization of scientific work. This paper was accepted by Lee Fleming, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Energy-Efficient Urban Traffic Management: A Microscopic Simulation-Based Approach
Authors: Osorio Carolina , Nanduri Kanchana 
Published: February 2015

Microscopic urban traffic simulators embed the most detailed traveler behavior and network supply models. These simulators represent individual vehicles and can therefore account for vehicle-specific technologies. They can be coupled with instantaneous fuel consumption models to yield detailed network-wide fuel consumption estimates. Nonetheless, there is currently a lack of computationally efficient optimization techniques that enable the use of these complex integrated models to design sustainable transportation strategies. This paper proposes a methodology that combines a stochastic microscopic traffic simulation model with an instantaneous vehicular fuel consumption model. The combined models are embedded within a simulation-based optimization algorithm and used to address a signal control problem that accounts for both travel times and fuel consumption. The proposed technique couples detailed, stochastic, and computationally inefficient models, yet is an efficient optimization technique. Efficiency is achieved by combining simulated observations with analytical approximations of both travel time and fuel consumption. This methodology is applied to a network in the Swiss city of Lausanne. Within a tight computational budget, the proposed method identifies signal plans with improved travel time and fuel consumption metrics. It outperforms traditional methodologies, which use only simulated information or only analytical information. The case study illustrates the added value of combining simulated and analytical information when performance metrics with high variance, such as fuel consumption, are used. This method enables the use of disaggregate instantaneous vehicle-specific information to inform and improve traffic operations at the network-scale.
A linear model for estimating optimal service error fraction in volleyball
Authors: Burton Tristan , Powers Scott 
Published: February 2015

AbstractVolleyball coaches are frequently forced to address the question of athlete service errors as a part of their overall service strategy. This is usually done in an ad hoc fashion with an arbitrarily selected maximum allowable service error fraction or maximum allowable service error-to-ace ratio. In this article, an analysis of service outcomes leads to a mathematical expression for the point-scoring fraction in terms of service ace fraction, service error fraction, and opponent modified sideout fraction. These parameters are assumed to be monotonic functions of an athlete or team’s serving aggressiveness and a linear model for the service error-to-ace ratio is used to close the point-scoring optimization problem. The model provides estimates of the optimal service error fraction for individual athletes based on their service ace fraction and the opponent modified sideout fraction against the server overall and also when restricted to only serves that led to perfect passes. Case studies of the Bay to Bay 17 Black Boys’ USAV Juniors team and the Brigham Young University Men’s NCAA Division I team are used to demonstrate the application of the model and standard errors for the predicted optimal service error fractions are calculated with bootstrap resampling.
Organic food consumption by athletes in Lithuania
Authors: Baranauskas Marius , Stukas Rimantas , Tubelis Linas , Žagminas Kęstutis , Šurkienė Genė , Dobrovolskij Valerij , Jakubauskienė Marija , Giedraitis Vincentas Rolandas 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Background: With environmental pollution
increasing, interest in organic farming and organic foodstuffs
has been growing all over the world. Data on organic
food consumption by Lithuanian athletes is not yet available.
This lack of data determined the aim of this study: to
identify the particulars of organic foodstuff consumption
among athletes.

Methods: In September–November 2012, we polled 158 of
the best-performing athletes of the Olympic sports team
through direct interviews. An approved questionnaire
was used to identify the specifics of organic foodstuff consumption
among athletes.

Results: The survey results showed that 97% of athletes
consume organic foodstuffs, and 80% of athletes highlighted
the positive impact of organic food on health.
Nevertheless, a slim majority of athletes (51.7%) consume
organic foodstuffs seldomly, 2–3 times per week. The range
of organic foodstuffs consumed depends on the gender of
athletes, and the consumption of some products depends
on monthly incomes.

Conclusions: Survey results confirm the need for the production
and expansion of the variety of organic foodstuffs.
In the course of the development of the organic food
market, it should be beneficial for manufacturers to target
high-performance athletes and physically active people.
Effects of hypothermia on skeletal ischemia
reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Ekinci Şafak , Kaldırım Ümit , Akyıldız Faruk , Bilgiç Serkan , Koca Kenan , Poyrazoğlu Yavuz , Uysal Ozgür Selim , Turğut Hasan , Türkkan Selim , Erşen Ömer , Topal Turgut , Ozkan Huseyin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate
the effect of hypothermia (H) on skeletal ischemia-reperfusion
(IR) injury in rats by measuring malondialdehyde
(MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase
(GSH-Px), nitric oxide (NO), and interleukin-1 beta
(IL-1β) in muscle, and measureing immunohistochemical-
inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) staining of skeletal
muscle.

Materials and Methods: Eighteen Wistar Albino rats were
divided randomly into three groups (sham, IR, hypothermia)
(n=6). The sham group had all procedures without
the IR period. The lower right extremity of rats in the IR
and hypothermia groups was subjected to 2 hours of ischemia
and 22 hours of reperfusion by applying a clamp on
the common iliac artery and a rubber-band at the level of
the lesser trochanter under general anesthesia. Rats in the
hypothermia group underwent 4 hours of hypothermia
during the first four hours of reperfusion in addition to a
2-hour ischemia and 22-hour reperfusion period. All rats were sacrificed at end of the IR period using a high dose of
anesthesia. The tibialis anterior muscles were preserved.
Immunohistochemical iNOS staining was performed, and
MDA, SOD, GSH-Px, NO, and IL-1β were measured in the
muscle.

Results: The level of MDA, NO, and IL-1β in muscle was
increased in the IR group compared with that in the sham
group, but these parameters were decreased in the hypothermia
group compared with the IR group. The activities
of SOD and GSH-Px in muscle were decreased in the IR
group; however, these parameters were increased in the
hypothermia group. The score and intensity of iNOS staining
of skeletal muscle was dens in IR group, mild in hypothermia
group, and weak in sham group.

Conclusion: The present study has shown that hypothermia
reduced IR injury in the skeletal muscle by decreasing
the levels of MDA, NO, and IL-1β, and increasing the
activities of SOD and GSH-Px. In addition, hypothermia
attenuated the score and intensity of iNOS staining.
Die Vielteilchen-T-Matrix und ihre Anwendung in der Theorie realer Gase von mittlerer Dichte /
Authors: Baerwinkel K . 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The improved Landau equation governing nonequilibrium behaviour of quantum gases of moderate density is shown to yield the exact second virial coefficient B(T). After simplifying the collisional operator the linearized stress tensor is evaluated to give the lowest order virial correction to the shear viscosity.
The Imposition of Empirical Acceptability Conditions on Sequences of Single Measurements
Authors: Benioff Paul A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Here, some difficulties resulting from the application of any empirical acceptability conditions on sequences of single measurements are investigated. In particular, the often used acceptability requirement that each single measurement be made under the "same conditions" is discussed. In quantum mechanics, this means that each single measurement is made of the same physical quantity on a system in a ensemble of identically prepared systems.
One of the resultant difficulties is that such an application leads to an infinite regression of sequences of single measurements. That is, it does not account for the fact that an observer must start the process of measurement or knowledge acquisition. Furthermore, it is seen that there are some basic sequences of single measurements for which an observer can not possibly know at the outset that the "same condition" requirements are satisfied. These include those measurements by which the homogeneity of space-time is tested.
The possible relevance of these difficulties to physics is shown by first considering two possi­bilities of avoiding these difficulties. One is that the "same condition" requirements can be given the weaker interpretation that there be no physical principle forbidding an observer from knowing in terms of limit empirical means, that they are satisfied at the outset of any sequence. This gets rid of the infinite regression problem as it does not mean that an observer must know in fact that these requirements are satisfied.
The other possibility is that if physics does not forbid one in principle from measuring an expectation value in an arbitrarily small time interval then both the basic sequence as well as those by which one knows the "same" requirements are satisfied can be relegated to arbitrarily small time intervals. As far as physics is concerned, then the epistemological difficulties while existing in these small intervals, do not exist for other times, or almost all time.
It is then shown that quantum mechanics, as distinct from classical mechanics, and the special relativity require that an infinite time interval is necessary to measure, as a limit mean, any expectation value. Thus physics denies both the above possibilities as it forbids an observer from knowing even in principle, by any finite time that the "same" requirements are satisfied. Also, physics forbids the relegation of the epistemological problems to arbitrarily small time intervals.
Die Beeinflussung des Ionisationsgrades durch Diffusions­ und Massenströme im Plasma
Authors: Bergstedt K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A stationary, magnetically stabilized helium arc plasma is taken as an example to show that ionization degrees in such plasmas with large electron temperature and electron density gradients may not be calculated from static ionization relations valid for homogeneous plasmas (e. g. the Saha equation). Instead, ionization degrees in inhomogeneous plasmas must be determined from continuity equations of the form div (nΖυΖ)nΖ = JΖ-1 nΖ-1 -RΖnΖ nz where JΖ-1 and nΖ-1 are the ionization rate and the density of the Z -1 times charged ions, and RΖ , nΖ and υΖ are the recombination rate, the density and the centre-of-mass velocity of the Z times charged ions. Static ionization formulae may not be applied to inhomogeneous plasmas because the finite relaxation times for the attainment of static ionization equilibria result in these ionization equilibria being displaced by the motion of the ions parallel to the direction of electron temperature and density gradients.
This is proved by means of two independent operations: firstly, the velocities of the helium ions, these being governed primarily by ambipolar diffusion, are calculated with the spectroscopically measured state variables from the momentum equations of the plasma; secondly, the velocities of the doubly charged ions are determined by integrating the continuity equation for these ions, use again being made of the measured state variables and of the ionization and recombination rates J1 and R2 of the helium ions that were calculated for this special plasma. The agreement between the independently obtained velocity values proves that the degree of ionization of the helium ions in this inhomogeneous plasma is described not by a static ionization formula, but by the continuity equations for these ions.
Furthermore, it is shown that the ionization "equilibria" between singly charged and neutral helium particles and between three times (CIV) and four times (CY) charged carbon particles are not determined by means of static ionization formulae either.
The influence of this hitherto disregarded effect on the spectroscopic determination of the electron temperature in the plasma discussed is illustrated in a diagram.