bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal acuity tool‐defined staffing ratios in a tertiary Australian neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Barnett Adam , Crawford Tara M , Stark Michael J 
Published: August 2024

AimsThere is well‐established data linking the adequacy of nurse staffing to patient outcomes. Evidence‐based standards for staffing are therefore critical to drive improvements in clinical care. One such evidence‐based approach is the use of patient acuity‐based tools. The objective of this study is to determine the performance of a neonatal acuity tool in an Australian tertiary neonatal health‐care setting, focusing on the classification of patient acuity and nursing:patient staffing ratios compared to current practice.MethodsAcuity data were collected in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and special care baby unit (SCBU) over a 10‐week period in 2023. Patient data were scored in the 16 domains at two time points (prior to morning and evening nursing shift changeover) for all admitted newborns.ResultsFor ventilated newborns nursed with a nurse:patient staffing ratio of 1:1, 78% of scores were within the L4‐high acuity (score ≥ 26) band, with the remaining scores within the L3‐high acuity (18–25) band. For newborns on non‐invasive respiratory support in NICU staffed 1:1, the proportion scoring within the L4 acuity band was higher in the nasal high‐flow group compared to the nasal continuous positive airway pressure group (P = 0.032), an effect not seen for those nursed 1:2 in NICU or for those on nasal high‐flow nursed in SCBU either 1:2 or 1:3.ConclusionThis study of how a neonatal acuity classification system compares with current nurse:patient staffing allocations in an Australian tertiary NICU, suggests refinements in staffing ratios for specific patient groups on respiratory support are possible.
Using theoretical engagement to understand workplace learning across contexts—Bringing worlds apart together
Authors: Olmos‐Vega Francisco M. , Stalmeijer Renée E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe pivotal importance of workplace learning (WPL) within health professions education has elevated its understanding and improvement to a major research priority. From a sociocultural learning theory perspective, WPL is inherently situated and context‐specific. This means that the health care settings in which (future) health care professionals are trained will impact how and what is learned. However, to what extent is the research performed thus far transferable across professional contexts, cultures and borders? To what extent has WPL research sufficiently addressed the contextual characteristics of WPL to enable the evaluation of its transferability? To what extent have methodological and theoretical approaches enabled the building of understanding across contexts?We propose that heightening the transferability of WPL research as well as opening up the conversation to more diverse WPL contexts, settings and cultures will require mapping context and theoretical engagement. To explore what theoretical engagement may afford to our understanding of the influence of context on WPL, we use two theories: Landscapes of Practice and Figured Worlds. These theories with sociocultural groundings provide concrete lenses to understand the interplay between the individual and the context. We conclude with implications for research and practice and advocate for more attention to research practices that may deepen our understanding and heighten the transferability of workplace learning research.
Morphological Measurement and Clinical Significance of Abnormal Development of Distal Femur with Hemophilia Knee Arthritis: A Consideration on the Renewal of Total Knee Prosthesis
Authors: Feng Ru , Ye Houlong , Fang Wang , Zhang Chun , Qi Renfei , Jing Juehua , Yao Yunfeng 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThe knee joint of hemophiliacs may face the result of local morphological changes due to long‐term irritation of synovitis. This study aims to elucidate the morphological characteristics of distal femur in hemophilic arthritis (HA) and compare the compatibility of three types of prostheses with the anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) dimensions of the femoral osteotomy surface.MethodsThis study retrospectively and randomly selected 50 patients with HA registered for treatment at our hospital from June 2016 to August 2022 as the study subjects, with an equal number of male osteoarthritis (OA) patients and healthy male individuals set as the control group. This study used medical digitalization software to simulate osteotomies on the distal femur during total knee arthroplasties (TKA) for 50 patients with HA, OA patients, and the healthy population, respectively, and measure the morphological parameters to compare with three commonly used femoral components of TKA in clinical practice. The differences between the femur resection of anteroposterior and mediolateral (FRAP, FRML) osteotomy surface and the prosthesis's BOX‐AP/ML were compared in three prostheses. One‐way ANOVA and multiple Kruskal–Wallis H test were used for the normal or non‐normal distribution data, and pairwise comparisons between groups were conducted using the Bonferroni method, and the linear correlation analysis was utilized to assess the relationship between section femoral morphological data and prosthesis parameters.ResultIn HA patients, the morphological characteristics of the distal femur were shown as shorter than femur AP (FAP), medial and lateral condyle anterior–posterior dimension (FMCAP, FLCAP), notch width (NW), posterolateral condyle height (PLCH), posteromedial condyle width (PMCW), and posterior condylar axis length (PCAL) dimension. They had comparatively smaller femur section aspect ratios (p < 0.005). They showed longer posterolateral condyle width (PLCW), anterior condyle mediolateral dimension (FRACML), anterolateral condyle height (ALCH), and femur resection anterior condylar mediolateral (FRACML) dimension (p < 0.005). They showed larger distal femur aspect ratio and resection aspect ratio (FAR, FRAR, p < 0.005). All selected prostheses showed ML undercoverage under similar AP dimensions, and ML undersizing of Attune systems was more obvious in three femoral prostheses.ConclusionThe distal femur morphological change of HA patient is shown as smaller AP dimension, narrow posterior condyle spacing, lower and shallower trochlear, thinner anterior condyle, wider and lower intercondylar notch and higher posterior‐lateral condyle. The selected prostheses showed ML undercoverage under similar AP dimensions. This typical morphological tendency of the distal femur seems to warrant consideration in the process of knee joint prosthesis upgrading.
The role of solar photolysis in the atmospheric removal of methacrolein oxide and the methacrolein oxide—water van‐der Waals complex in pristine environments
Authors: Guidry Lily M. , Bardash Londyn A. , Yigiter Aylin , Ravi Satyam , Marchetti Barbara , Karsili Tolga N. V. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBiogenic hydrocarbons are emitted into the Earth's atmosphere by terrestrial vegetation as by‐products of photosynthesis. Isoprene is one such hydrocarbon and is the second most abundant volatile organic compound emitted into the atmosphere (after methane). Reaction with ozone represents an important atmospheric sink for isoprene removal, forming carbonyl oxides (Criegee intermediates) with extended conjugation. In this manuscript, we argue that the extended conjugation of these Criegee intermediates enables electronic excitation of these compounds, on timescales that are competitive with their slow unimolecular decay and bimolecular chemistry. We show that the complexation of methacrolein oxide with water enhances the absorption cross section of the otherwise dark S1 state, potentially revealing a new avenue for forming lower volatility compounds via tropospherically relevant photochemistry.
Rapid response and uncertain agendas: Senators' response to Dobbs
Authors: Connor Corinne , Russell Annelise 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe examine policymakers' nuanced strategies of digital agenda setting during times of lawmaker uncertainty versus anticipated policy communication. Whereas existing agenda‐setting studies tend to focus on how policymakers allocate attention to preferred policies, we explain how policymakers react to an issue in a digital media climate where the expectation is engagement. We explore the dynamics of digital agenda setting with U.S. senators' Twitter activity in response to the unexpected document leak overturning Roe v. Wade and the anticipated, subsequent Supreme Court decision. Policymakers across the political spectrum quickly reacted to both events, capturing shared policy attention, yet did so with variable response times and differing frames for the issue. We argue that when the agenda rapidly contracts and issues become salient on Twitter, the uncertainty, time, and tenor of lawmakers' response tell us about their policy‐making priorities. Punctuated attention cycles churn fast in a digital climate, but even amid these quick, attention‐grabbing news cycles, the nuance of those moments and policy uncertainty suggest that rhetorical agendas differ when galvanizing events are anticipated. How policymakers convey their agenda when the media environment incentivizes lawmakers to respond regardless of issue prioritization is fundamental to understanding policy attention by lawmakers operating a digital media environment.
Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography: Characteristic hints for the diagnosis of scarring alopecia due to lupus erythematodes: A preliminary study
Authors: Nutz Marie‐Christine , Deußing Maximilian , Hartmann Daniela , Daxenberger Fabia , Eijkenboom Quirine Louise , Gust Charlotte , French Lars E. , Schuh Sandra , Welzel Julia , Sattler Elke C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionLupus erythematosus (LE) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease, that can affect the skin to varying degree. In particular, discoid LE (DLE) and the rare form of lupus panniculitis/profundus are associated with scarring alopecia. The heterogeneity of the clinical, dermatoscopic, and histologic presentation poses a major challenge to the clinician in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of other forms of scarring alopecia.ObjectiveWhile noninvasive imaging techniques using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) have proven to be helpful in the diagnosis of scarring alopecia in the context of LE, this study aimed to investigate line‐field confocal OCT (LC‐OCT) to identify characteristic features of cicatricial alopecia in LE.MethodsFifteen patients with cicatricial alopecia in LE were included and the most affected/inflamed areas of the scalp were prospectively examined. In analogy to histopathology and previously reported criteria in RCM, all images were evaluated according to seven established criteria and underwent descriptive analyses.ResultsLC‐OCT revealed characteristic features of cicatricial alopecia, such as lymphocytic interface dermatitis (14/15; 93.3%) and basal cell vacuolization (13/15; 86.7%). The most impressive feature was the occurrence of prominent hyperreflective fibers in 14/15 patients (93.3%).ConclusionLC‐OCT imaging can noninvasively detect morphologic criteria such as lymphocytic and vacuolar interface dermatitis of cicatricial alopecia due to LE. In particular, the presence of hyperreflective collagen fibers appears to be a characteristic easily recognizable feature that may facilitate differential diagnosis with other forms of cicatricial alopecia. Further studies are mandatory to differentiate other forms of scarring alopecia.
Skin mechanical properties measured with skin elasticity measurement device in patients with lymphedema: Scoping review
Authors: Fujimoto Yudai , Yuri Yoshimi , Tamiya Hironari 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundSkin conditions in patients with lymphedema have been identified according to changes in skin mechanical properties. The skin elasticity meter is a non‐invasive tool for measuring the mechanical properties of the skin; however, its potential use in patients with lymphedema has received little attention. This review aimed to provide an overview of studies measuring the skin mechanical properties of patients with lymphedema using a skin elasticity meter.Materials and methodsSearch terms and synonyms related to lymphedema and skin mechanical property measurement using a skin elasticity meter were identified, and electronic databases containing articles in English were searched.ResultsA total of 621 articles were retrieved, and four articles were analyzed after screening. Despite this research subject receiving increasing attention, no consensus has been reached regarding the best methods.ConclusionMeasurement methods are expected to be standardized in the future to elucidate the skin mechanical properties of patients with lymphedema.
Towards strain gauge 2.0: Substituting the electric resistance routinely deposited on polyimide film by the optimal pattern for full‐field strain measurement
Authors: Vinel A. , Grédiac M. , Balandraud X. , Blaysat B. , Jailin T. , Sur F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe checkerboard constitutes the best pattern for full‐field strain measurement because it maximizes image gradient. In the experimental mechanics community, employing this pattern is currently strongly limited because depositing it on the surface of specimens raises practical difficulties. A recent study shows, however, that it is technically possible by using a laser engraver. The present paper aims to push this solution forward by printing a checkerboard pattern on a thin polymeric film and then gluing the resulting laser‐engraved film on the specimen surface. The underlying idea is to separate the manufacturing process of this optical strain gauge on the one hand and its use on the other hand to help spread this strain measuring tool in the experimental mechanics community. The polymeric film employed here is the same as that used in the manufacturing process of classic electrical gauges, so one can rely on the know‐how of classic strain gauge bonding to glue this optical strain gauge on the specimen surface. The main difference between the proposed tool and classic electrical gauges is that the strain field beneath the polymeric support is measured instead of localized strain values. The paper is a proof of concept for this strain field measuring tool. The manufacturing and bonding processes are described in the paper. The localized spectrum analysis, a spectral technique developed for processing images of periodic patterns, is used to retrieve the strain fields from checkerboard images. Through two complementary examples, we show the ability of this new type of strain gauge to detect and quantify local details in the strain field beneath. A simplified 1D model is also proposed to assess the minimum width of the strain peak that can reliably be measured with this technique.
Prevalence of red blood cell alloantibodies in pregnant women with sickle cell disease in Bamako
Authors: Fomba Minkoro , Toure Boubacari , N'dour Cécile Toly , Bagayoko Aliou , Baby Mounirou 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPregnancy in women with sickle cell disease (SCD) is associated with severe complications. Red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunisation is a worrying situation in pregnant women with SCD. This could increase the difficulty in finding a pheno‐compatible red blood product. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of RBC alloantibodies in pregnant women with SCD and to determine the risk factors for alloantibodies formation.Methods/MaterialsWe conducted a prospective study at the “Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine de Bamako” from August 2022 to January 2023. For each participant, we collected important information, including obstetrical and transfusion histories. We performed ABO group, Rh and Kell phenotyping, and antibody screening in all study participants. We performed statistical analysis.ResultsWe recruited 95 pregnant women with SCD. In our study, 62% of our participant had a history of blood transfusion. Only 23% of our pregnant women with SCD had a history of miscarriage. The prevalence of RBC alloantibodies was 14%. The main antibodies detected were anti‐E (38%) and pan‐agglutinins (23%). Miscarriage history, blood transfusion history, and pregnancy number were the main risk factors for RBC alloimmunisation.ConclusionThe care of pregnant women with SCD is complex and requires collaboration between haematologists, clinicians and gynaecologists. National guidelines should be implemented to make ABO and D typing, Rh and Kell phenotyping and antibody screening routine for all pregnant women. This would facilitate early detection of high‐risk situations. Particular attention should be paid to SCD pregnant women with miscarriage and blood transfusion histories.
Circadian rhythm of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor in serum and plasma
Authors: Ehrhardt Maren , Schreiber Stefanie , Duderstadt Yves , Braun‐Dullaeus Rüdiger , Borucki Katrin , Brigadski Tanja , Müller Notger G. , Leßmann Volkmar , Müller Patrick 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe neurotrophic growth factor brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a crucial role in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and depression. BDNF has been proposed as a potential biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring therapy. Understanding the factors influencing BDNF levels and whether they follow a circadian rhythm is essential for interpreting fluctuations in BDNF measurements. We aimed to investigate the circadian rhythm of BDNF by collecting multiple peripheral venous blood samples from young, healthy male participants at 12 different time points over 24 h. In addition, vital parameters, cortisol and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1) were measured to explore potential regulatory mechanisms, interfering variables and their correlations with BDNF concentration. The findings revealed that plasma BDNF did not exhibit any significant fluctuations over 24 h, suggesting the absence of a circadian rhythm. However, serum BDNF levels decreased during sleep. Furthermore, serum BDNF showed a positive correlation with heart rate but a negative correlation with IGF1. No significant correlation was observed between cortisol and BDNF or IGF1. Although plasma BDNF suggests steady‐state conditions, the decline of serum BDNF during the nocturnal period could be attributed to physical inactivity and associated with reduced haemodynamic blood flow (heart rate reduction during sleep). The type of sample collection (peripheral venous cannula vs. blood sampling using a butterfly system) does not significantly affect the measured BDNF levels. The sample collection during the day did not significantly affect BDNF analysis, emphasizing the importance of considering activity levels rather than timing when designing standardized protocols for BDNF assessments.
On the Challenges of Integrating a Rotating Detonation Combustor With an Industrial Gas Turbine and Important Design Considerations for Row-1 Blades
Authors: Rathod Dharmik S , Meadows Joseph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In an effort to increase the efficiency and performance of gas turbine power cycles, pressure gain combustion (PGC) has gained significant interest. Since rotating detonation combustors (RDC) can provide a quasi-steady mode of operation, research has been triggered to integrate RDC with power-generating gas turbines. However, the presence of subsonic and supersonic flow fields which are generated due to the shock waves that stem from the detonation wave front and the highly nonuniform temperature and velocity profiles may cause a depreciation in the turbine performance. The current study seeks to investigate the challenges of integrating the RDC with nozzle guide vanes (NGV) of an industrial, can-annular gas turbine and attempts to understand the major contributors that impact efficiency and identify the key areas of optimization that need to be considered for maximizing performance. The RDC was integrated with the NGVs through a nonoptimized straight duct-type geometry with a diffuser cone. 3-Dimensional Numerical analyses were performed to investigate sources of total pressure loss and to understand the unsteady effects of RDC which contribute toward the deterioration of performance. The entropy generation at different regions of interest was calculated to identify the major irreversibility's in the system. Also, total pressure and temperature distribution along the radial direction at the exit of the transitional duct is presented.
Increasing Anaerobic Power in Cycling By Implementing Embodied Self-Talk
Authors: Mateos Rafael , Ruiz Inés C. , Horcajo Javier 
Published: August 2024

The current study employed a within-participant design to analyze the effects of head movements in three conditions (i.e., head nodding, head shaking, and no head movements) during positive (motivational) self-talk among 22 male cyclists. After the self-talk and head-movements task, physical performance (i.e., anaerobic power) was assessed using a Wingate Test for each experimental condition. Each cyclist participated individually on three separate days, completing one of the three experimental conditions each day. We hypothesized and found that the head-nodding condition resulted in greater physical performance (i.e., mean and peak power) than the no-head-movements condition. This is the first time that head nodding has been shown to improve physical performance compared with no head movements during encouraging and self-assuring self-talk. Relevantly, these findings emphasize the importance of focusing on athletes’ nonverbal behavior (e.g., head movements) when engaging in positive (motivational) self-talk to perform better.
One-step genome engineering in bee gut bacterial symbionts
Authors: Lariviere Patrick J. , Ashraf A. H. M. Zuberi , Navarro-Escalante Lucio , Leonard Sean P. , Miller Laurel G. , Moran Nancy A. , Barrick Jeffrey E. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Mechanistic understanding of interactions in many host-microbe systems, including the honey bee microbiome, is limited by a lack of easy-to-use genome engineering approaches. To this end, we demonstrate a one-step genome engineering approach for making gene deletions and insertions in the chromosomes of honey bee gut bacterial symbionts. Electroporation of linear or non-replicating plasmid DNA containing an antibiotic resistance cassette flanked by regions with homology to a symbiont genome reliably results in chromosomal integration. This lightweight approach does not require expressing any exogenous recombination machinery. The high concentrations of large DNAs with long homology regions needed to make the process efficient can be readily produced using modern DNA synthesis and assembly methods. We use this approach to knock out genes, including genes involved in biofilm formation, and insert fluorescent protein genes into the chromosome of the betaproteobacterial bee gut symbiont
Snodgrassella alvi
. We are also able to engineer the genomes of multiple strains of
S. alvi
and another species,
Snodgrassella communis
, which is found in the bumble bee gut microbiome. Finally, we use the same method to engineer the chromosome of another bee symbiont,
Bartonella apis
, which is an alphaproteobacterium. As expected, gene knockout in
S. alvi
using this approach is
recA
-dependent, suggesting that this straightforward procedure can be applied to other microbes that lack convenient genome engineering methods.

IMPORTANCE
Honey bees are ecologically and economically important crop pollinators with bacterial gut symbionts that influence their health. Microbiome-based strategies for studying or improving bee health have utilized wild-type or plasmid-engineered bacteria. We demonstrate that a straightforward, single-step method can be used to insert cassettes and replace genes in the chromosomes of multiple bee gut bacteria. This method can be used for investigating the mechanisms of host-microbe interactions in the bee gut community and stably engineering symbionts that benefit pollinator health.