bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Glycoprotein M and the Membrane-Associated Protein UL11 Are Required for Virus-Induced Cell Fusion and Efficient Virus Entry
Authors: Kim In-Joong , Chouljenko Vladimir N. , Walker Jason D. , Kousoulas Konstantin G. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) facilitates virus entry into cells and cell-to-cell spread by mediating fusion of the viral envelope with cellular membranes and fusion of adjacent cellular membranes. Although virus strains isolated from herpetic lesions cause limited cell fusion in cell culture, clinical herpetic lesions typically contain large syncytia, underscoring the importance of cell-to-cell fusion in virus spread in infected tissues. Certain mutations in glycoprotein B (gB), gK, UL20, and other viral genes drastically enhance virus-induced cell fusion
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Recent work has suggested that gB is the sole fusogenic glycoprotein, regulated by interactions with the viral glycoproteins gD, gH/gL, and gK, membrane protein UL20, and cellular receptors. Recombinant viruses were constructed to abolish either gM or UL11 expression in the presence of strong syncytial mutations in either gB or gK. Virus-induced cell fusion caused by deletion of the carboxyl-terminal 28 amino acids of gB or the dominant syncytial mutation in gK (Ala to Val at amino acid 40) was drastically reduced in the absence of gM. Similarly, syncytial mutations in either gB or gK did not cause cell fusion in the absence of UL11. Neither the gM nor UL11 gene deletion substantially affected gB, gC, gD, gE, and gH glycoprotein synthesis and expression on infected cell surfaces. Two-way immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the membrane protein UL20, which is found as a protein complex with gK, interacted with gM while gM did not interact with other viral glycoproteins. Viruses produced in the absence of gM or UL11 entered into cells more slowly than their parental wild-type virus strain. Collectively, these results indicate that gM and UL11 are required for efficient membrane fusion events during virus entry and virus spread.
Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 V Protein Inhibits TRAF6-Mediated Ubiquitination of IRF7 To Prevent TLR7- and TLR9-Dependent Interferon Induction
Authors: Kitagawa Yoshinori , Yamaguchi Mayu , Zhou Min , Nishio Machiko , Itoh Masae , Gotoh Bin 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Paramyxovirus V proteins block Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)- and TLR9-dependent signaling leading to alpha interferon production. Our recent study has provided evidence that interaction of the V proteins with IRF7 is important for the blockade. However, the detailed mechanisms still remain unclear. Here we reexamined the interaction of the human parainfluenza virus type 2 (HPIV2) V protein with signaling molecules involved in TLR7/9-dependent signaling. Immunoprecipitation experiments in HEK293T cells transfected with V protein and one of the signaling molecules revealed that the V protein interacted with not only IRF7 but also TRAF6, IKKα, and MyD88. Whereas overexpression of TRAF6 markedly enhanced the level of V protein associating with IRF7, IKKα, and MyD88 in HEK293T cells, the level of V protein associating with TRAF6 was little affected by overexpression of IRF7, IKKα, and MyD88. Moreover, knockdown or knockout of endogenous TRAF6 in HEK293T or mouse embryonic fibroblast cells resulted in dissociation of the V protein from IRF7, IKKα, and MyD88. These results demonstrate that binding of the V protein to IRF7, IKKα, and MyD88 is largely indirect and mediated by endogenous TRAF6. It was found that the V protein inhibited TRAF6-mediated lysine 63 (K63)-linked polyubiquitination of IRF7, which is prerequisite for IRF7 activation. Disruption of the tryptophan-rich motif of the V protein significantly affected its TRAF6-binding efficiency, which correlated well with the magnitude of inhibition of K63-linked polyubiquitination and the resultant activation of IRF7. Taken together, these results suggest that the HPIV2 V protein prevents TLR7/9-dependent interferon induction by inhibiting TRAF6-mediated K63-linked polyubiquitination of IRF7.
Molecular Determinants of Hepatitis B and D Virus Entry Restriction in Mouse Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide
Authors: Yan Huan , Peng Bo , He Wenhui , Zhong Guocai , Qi Yonghe , Ren Bijie , Gao Zhenchao , Jing Zhiyi , Song Mei , Xu Guangwei , Sui Jianhua , Li Wenhui 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT

Human hepatitis B virus (HBV) and its satellite virus, hepatitis D virus (HDV), primarily infect humans, chimpanzees, or tree shrews (
Tupaia belangeri
). Viral infections in other species are known to be mainly restricted at the entry level since viral replication can be achieved in the cells by transfection of the viral genome. Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is a functional receptor for HBV and HDV, and amino acids 157 to 165 of NTCP are critical for viral entry and likely limit viral infection of macaques. However, the molecular determinants for viral entry restriction in mouse NTCP (mNTCP) remain unclear. In this study, mNTCP was found to be unable to support either HBV or HDV infection, although it can bind to pre-S1 of HBV L protein and is functional in transporting substrate taurocholate; comprehensive swapping and point mutations of human NTCP (hNTCP) and mNTCP revealed molecular determinants restricting mNTCP for viral entry of HBV and HDV. Remarkably, when mNTCP residues 84 to 87 were substituted by human counterparts, mNTCP can effectively support viral infections. In addition, a number of cell lines, regardless of their species or tissue origin, supported HDV infection when transfected with hNTCP or mNTCP with residues 84 to 87 replaced by human counterparts, highlighting the central role of NTCP for viral infections mediated by HBV envelope proteins. These studies advance our understanding of NTCP-mediated viral entry of HBV and HDV and have important implications for developing the mouse model for their infections.
Placing clinical variables on a common linear scale of empirically based risk as a step towards construction of a general patient acuity score from the electronic health record: a modelling study
Authors: Rothman Steven I , Rothman Michael J , Solinger Alan B 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTo explore the hypothesis that placing clinical variables of differing metrics on a common linear scale of all-cause postdischarge mortality provides risk functions that are directly correlated with in-hospital mortality risk.DesignModelling study.SettingAn 805-bed community hospital in the southeastern USA.Participants42302 inpatients admitted for any reason, excluding obstetrics, paediatric and psychiatric patients.Outcome measuresAll-cause in-hospital and postdischarge mortalities, and associated correlations.ResultsPearson correlation coefficients comparing in-hospital risks with postdischarge risks for creatinine, heart rate and a set of 12 nursing assessments are 0.920, 0.922 and 0.892, respectively. Correlation between postdischarge risk heart rate and the Modified Early Warning System (MEWS) component for heart rate is 0.855. The minimal excess risk values for creatinine and heart rate roughly correspond to the normal reference ranges. We also provide the risks for values outside that range, independent of expert opinion or a regression model. By summing risk functions, a first-approximation patient risk score is created, which correctly ranks 6 discharge categories by average mortality with p<0.001 for differences in category means, and Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference Test confirmed that the means were all different at the 95% confidence level.ConclusionsQuantitative or categorical clinical variables can be transformed into risk functions that correlate well with in-hospital risk. This methodology provides an empirical way to assess inpatient risk from data available in the Electronic Health Record. With just the variables in this paper, we achieve a risk score that correlates with discharge disposition. This is the first step towards creation of a universal measure of patient condition that reflects a generally applicable set of health-related risks. More importantly, we believe that our approach opens the door to a way of exploring and resolving many issues in patient assessment.
Physical activity and self-reported health status among adolescents: a cross-sectional population-based study
Authors: Galán I , Boix R , Medrano M J , Ramos P , Rivera F , Pastor-Barriuso R , Moreno C 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesLittle is known about the dose–response relationship between physical activity and health benefits among young people. Our objective was to analyse the association between the frequency of undertaking moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and the self-reported health status of the adolescent population.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAll regions of Spain.ParticipantsStudents aged 11–18 years participating in the Spanish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey 2006. A total of 375 schools and 21 188 students were selected.Main outcomesThe frequency of undertaking MVPA was measured by a questionnaire, with the following four health indicators: self-rated health, health complaints, satisfaction with life and health-related quality of life. Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyse the association, adjusting for potential confounding variables and the modelling of the dose–response relationship.ResultsAs the frequency of MVPA increased, the association with health benefits was stronger. A linear trend (p<0.05) was found for self-rated health and health complaints in males and females and for satisfaction with life among females; for health-related quality of life this relationship was quadratic for both sexes (p<0.05). For self-reported health and health complaints, the effect was found to be of greater magnitude in males than in females and, in all scales, the benefits were observed from the lowest frequencies of MVPA, especially in males.ConclusionsA protective effect of MVPA was found in both sexes for the four health indicators studied, and this activity had a gradient effect. Among males, health benefits were detected from very low levels of physical activity and the magnitude of the relationship was greater than that for females.
Individual empowerment in overweight and obese patients: a study protocol
Authors: Struzzo Pierluigi , Fumato Raffaella , Tillati Silvia , Cacitti Anita , Gangi Fabrizio , Stefani Alessia , Torcutti Alessia , Crapesi Lucia , Tubaro Gianni , Balestrieri Matteo 
Published: May 2013

IntroductionObesity is a growing health problem in Europe and it causes many diseases. Many weight-reducing methods are reported in medical literature, but none of them proved to be effective in maintaining the results achieved over time. Self-empowerment can be an important innovative method, but an effectiveness study is necessary. In order to standardise the procedures for a randomised controlled study, a pilot study will be run to observe, measure and evaluate the effects of a period of self-empowerment group treatment on overweight/obese patients.Methodsand analysis Non-controlled, experimental, pilot study. A selected group of patients with body mass index >25, with no severe psychiatric disorders, with no aesthetic or therapeutic motivation will be included in the study. A set of quantitative and qualitative measures will be utilised to evaluate the effects of a self-empowerment course in a 12 month time. Group therapy and medical examinations will also complete this observational phase. At the end of this pilot study, a set of appropriate measures and procedures to determine the effectiveness of individual empowerment will be identified and agreed among the different professional figures. Results will be recorded and analysed to start a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.Ethics and disseminationThis protocol was approved by the local Ethics Committee of Udine in March 2012. The findings of the trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals, national and international conference presentations and public events involving the local administrations of the towns where the trial participants are resident.Trial Registrationhttp://www.clinicalstrials.govidentifierNCT01644708.
ASYMPTOTIC TIME DECAY IN QUANTUM PHYSICS: A SELECTIVE REVIEW AND SOME NEW RESULTS
Authors: MARCHETTI DOMINGOS H. U. , WRESZINSKI WALTER F. 
Published: May 2013

Decay of various quantities (return or survival probability, correlation functions) in time are the basis of a multitude of important and interesting phenomena in quantum physics, ranging from spectral properties, resonances, return and approach to equilibrium, to dynamical stability properties and irreversibility and the "arrow of time" in [Asymptotic Time Decay in Quantum Physics (World Scientific, 2013)]. In this review, we study several types of decay — decay in the average, decay in the Lp-sense, and pointwise decay — of the Fourier–Stieltjes transform of a measure, usually identified with the spectral measure, which appear naturally in different mathematical and physical settings. In particular, decay in the Lp-sense is related both to pointwise decay and to decay in the average and, from a physical standpoint, relates to a rigorous form of the time-energy uncertainty relation. Both decay on the average and in the Lp-sense are related to spectral properties, in particular, absolute continuity of the spectral measure. The study of pointwise decay for singular continuous measures (Rajchman measures) provides a bridge between ergodic theory, number theory and analysis, including the method of stationary phase. The theory is illustrated by some new results in the theory of sparse models.
Tectonic controls on sedimentation in an intermontane hinterland basin adjacent to inversion structures: the Nuevo Mundo syncline, Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia
Authors: Caballero Víctor , Mora Andrés , Quintero Isaid , Blanco Vladimir , Parra Mauricio , Rojas Luis Ernesto , Lopez Cristina , Sánchez Nelson , Horton Brian K. , Stockli Daniel , Duddy Ian 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
A combination of new surface and subsurface structural data, new stratigraphic data on conventional provenance, facies and palaeocurrents, low-temperature thermochronology and detrital zircon U–Pb provenance data provides a comprehensive account of the timing of deformation in the intermountane Middle Magdalena basin of the Central Colombian Andes, and allows evaluation of the style of foreland basin deformation associated with tectonic inversion. This robust dataset enabled documentation of focused tectonic activity in two competing low-relief basement structures to the east and west of the present Middle Magdalena Valley during the Palaeogene, earlier than previously recognized. Cenozoic sediment accumulation of a sedimentary pile up to 7 km thick in the Middle Magdalena Basin created a large original taper angle in this part of the north Andes. At that time, when the detachment rocks were deeply buried, the original larger taper angle facilitated the forelandward advance of deformation instead of promoting its stagnation.

Supplementary material:

Raw data results from geochronometrial analyses are available at:
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18627
Carbon isotopes, rare-earth elements and mercury geochemistry across the K–T transition of the Paraíba Basin, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Silva Maria Valberlândia Nascimento , Sial Alcides Nóbrega , Barbosa José Antonio , Ferreira Valderez Pinto , Neumann Virgínio Henrique , De Lacerda Luiz Drude 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

The Paraíba Basin, northeastern Brazil, is divided into three sub-basins: Olinda, Alhandra and Miriri, which encompass the formations Beberibe (Coniacian–Santonian), Itamaracá (Campanian) and Gramame and Maria Farinha (Maastrichtian to Danian, respectively). In the Olinda sub-basin, the Cretaceous–Palaeogene transition (KTB) has been recorded by the carbonates of the Gramame and Maria Farinha formations. This study focus on the behaviour of C and O isotopes, major and rare-earth elements and mercury in carbonates from three drill holes in the Olinda sub-basin. The climate was fairly cold during the marine transgression in which carbonates of the Itamaracá Formation were deposited. A temperature and bioproductivity increase has been registered in the Early Maastrichtian (Gramame Formation), with a gradual fall during the rest of this period. A positive δ
13
C (+2‰) excursion near the KTB is followed by a drop to values around +1‰ immediately after this transition. In one drill hole, several negative δ
13
C anomalies predate the KTB, possibly related to either multiple impacts or volcanic activity that preceded this transition. In two of the three drill holes, the total mercury increases immediately after the KTB and, in two of them, mercury spikes (four of them in one case) precede this transition, which has been interpreted as an indication that volcanic activity predated the transition. Rare earth element patterns support a marine origin for the carbonates in the Campanian–Maastrichtian transition and KTB in the Olinda sub-basin. In carbonates from one of the drill holes, absent to weakly positive Ce anomalies (−0.1 and 0.002) in the KTB coincide with a fall in δ
13
C values, followed by an increase (from 2.3 to 1.8‰ and back to 2.3‰) and in increment in mercury values (from 0.4 to 2.7 ng g
−1
). The presence of pyrite nodules associated with a weakly negative Eu anomaly point to slightly reducing conditions around the KTB.
Analysis of geological trace evidence in a case of criminal damage to graves
Authors: Di Maggio Rosa Maria , Nuccetelli Leonardo 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Limestone and travertine headstones of Jewish graves in the Verano Monumental Cemetery in Rome were discovered severely damaged. Police investigators suspected a group of gardeners who worked illegally in the cemetery. Tools, and other items belonging to the gardeners, were seized by the police. Traces of a white substance, and soil, were analysed using a variety of methods. The trace evidence from the graves was very similar to that retrieved from the gardeners’ tools. Evidence from several independent analytical methods strongly suggested that the gardeners’ tools had been involved in the offence.
Plasma Levels of Nitrate and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Study
Authors: Wu Tianying , Wang Yushan , Ho Shuk-Mei , Giovannucci Edward 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Background: Nitrate and nitrite supplements have recently been shown to improve cardiovascular health, but there is concern that these supplements could contribute to the development of cancer. Previous small, cross-sectional studies reported positive associations between circulating nitrate/nitrite levels and cancer. Prospective studies examining the association between plasma nitrate and cancer, especially prostate cancer, are lacking.
Methods: We conducted a nested case–control study within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Baseline blood samples were collected in 1994, and incident cases of prostate cancer were identified from 1997 to 2005. Baseline plasma levels of nitrate were measured in the 630 cases and 630 matched controls.
Results: We have found that baseline levels of plasma nitrate were not associated with risk of prostate cancer. Compared to quintile 1, the relative risk from quintiles 2 to 5 were 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.78–1.63], 0.93 (95% CI, 0.63–1.38), 0.95 (95% CI, 0.65–1.39), and 0.99 (95% CI, 0.68–1.48); Ptrend was 0.9 after adjustment of multivariate risk factors. When analyses were restricted to men fasting more than 6 hours, the trend was similar. Furthermore, plasma nitrate seemed to be inversely associated with advanced-stage prostate cancer. The relative risk across extreme quartiles was 0.44 (95% CI, 0.17–1.12; Ptrend = 0.07) for the whole dataset and 0.30 (95% CI, 0.09–0.99; Ptrend = 0.05) for the fasting dataset.
Conclusions: In summary, we did not find an increased risk of prostate cancer associated with higher plasma nitrate levels. A potential protective association between nitrate and aggressive forms of prostate cancer requires confirmation.
Impact: Nitrate–nitrite–nitric oxide pathway has emerged as a new therapeutic pathway for chronic diseases. The results of this study certainly merit replications in other prospective studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(7); 1210–8. ©2013 AACR.
Folic Acid Prevents the Initial Occurrence of Sporadic Colorectal Adenoma in Chinese Older than 50 Years of Age: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Gao Qin-Yan , Chen Hui-Min , Chen Ying-Xuan , Wang Ying-Chao , Wang Zheng-Hua , Tang Jie-Ting , Ge Zhi-Zheng , Chen Xiao-Yu , Sheng Jian-Qiu , Fang Dian-Chun , Yu Cheng-Gong , Zheng Ping , Fang Jing-Yuan 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
Colorectal adenoma (CRA) is the precursor lesion of colorectal cancer (CRC). Several agents have been shown to be effective in the chemoprevention of CRA recurrence, but there has been little research on its primary prevention. Participants older than 50 years with no adenomas were recruited for our study and randomized to receive either 1 mg/day folic acid supplement or treatment without folic acid. After 3 years of follow-up, plasma folate and colonoscopy were evaluated. Seven hundred ninety-one participants (91.98%) completed the study. CRA occurred in 64 (14.88%) participants in the folic acid group and 132 (30.70%) in the control group [unadjusted risk ratio (RR), 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.37–0.63; P &lt; 0.01]; left-sided adenoma (unadjusted RR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.38–0.76; P = 0.001) and advanced CRA (unadjusted RR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.16–0.81; P = 0.01) were most common. There was no significance difference in the occurrence of three or more adenomas (unadjusted RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.36–1.77; P = 0.38) or right-sided adenoma (unadjusted RR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.30–1.00; P = 0.07) between the two groups. Participants with low plasma folate may have a high risk of CRA. In conclusion, primary prevention with 1 mg/day folic acid supplementation could reduce the incidence of CRA, especially left-sided and advanced disease in those with no previous adenomas. People with differing baseline plasma folate levels should be given individualized treatment. Those with low plasma folate should be encouraged to take adequate supplements; plasma folate should be elevated to an effective therapeutic level, which may reduce the incidence of CRA. Cancer Prev Res; 6(7); 744–52. ©2013 AACR.