bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effect of poly(ethylene glycol) and graphene oxides on the crystallization behavior of poly(l‐lactide)
Authors: Yang Jing‐Hui , Shen Ying , He Wei‐Di , Zhang Nan , Huang Ting , Zhang Ji‐Hong , Wang Yong 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIn this article, we report the combined effects of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and/or graphene oxides (GOs) on the crystallization behavior of poly(l‐lactide) (PLLA) under different crystallization conditions, such as nonisothermal crystallization, isothermal crystallization, and annealing‐induced cold crystallization. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, and polarized optical microscopy were used to study the crystallization kinetics and crystallinity to illustrate the effects of PEG and/or GOs on the crystallization behavior of PLLA. The results show that PEG functioned as a plasticizer and improved the chain mobility of /PLLA during crystallization and the GOs acted as efficient nucleation agents and accelerated the crystallization rate. Finally, both PEG and GOs improved the crystallization ability of PLLA. Importantly, the simultaneous addition of PEG and GOs led to a synergistic effect on the crystallization behavior of PLLA under all conditions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3498–3508, 2013
Ultraporous poly(lactic acid) scaffolds with improved mechanical performance using high‐pressure molding and salt leaching
Authors: Zhang Jin , Yan Ding‐Xiang , Lei Jun , Xu Jia‐Zhuang , Hsiao Benjamin S. , Li Zhong‐Ming 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA novel processing technique, i.e. high‐pressure compression molding/salt leaching, was developed to fabricate ultraporous poly(lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds. The optimized composition was studied in relation to the porosity, pore morphology, thermal property, and mechanical performance of the PLA scaffolds. At a porogen (CaCO3) content of 90 wt %, the scaffolds have an interconnected open pore structure and a porosity above 80%. It was truly interesting that the structural stability of high‐pressure molded scaffolds was remarkably improved based on the fact that its glass transition temperature (83.5°C) increased about 20°C, as compared to that of the conventional compression‐molded PLA (60°C), which is not far from physiological temperature (∼37°C) at the risk of structural relaxation or physical aging. More importantly, the mechanical performance of PLA scaffolds was drastically enhanced under optimized processing conditions. At pressure and temperature of 1000 MPa and 190°C, the porous PLA scaffolds attained a storage modulus of 283.7 MPa, comparable to the high‐end value of trabecular bone (250 MPa) ever reported. In addition, our prepared PLA scaffolds showed excellent cellular compatibility and biocompatibility in vitro tests, further suggesting that the high‐pressure molded PLA scaffolds have high potential for bone tissue engineering applications. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3509–3520, 2013
Synthesis, crystal structure, optical properties and antibacterial evaluation of novel imidazo[1, 5‐a]pyridine derivatives bearing a hydrazone moiety
Authors: Ge Yan Qing , Li Fu Rong , Zhang Yu Juan , Bi Yu Shui , Cao Xiao Qun , Duan Gui Yun , Wang Jian Wu , Liu Zhen Liang 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA series of novel imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐hydrazone derivatives were synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), 1H NMR, 13C NMR and high resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). Typically, the spatial structure of compound 3j was determined using X‐ray diffraction analysis. The UV–vis absorption and fluorescence spectral characteristics of the compounds in dichloromethane and acetonitrile were investigated. Absorption peaks could be observed in the wavelength range 290–450 nm. It can also be seen that they display very similar maximum emission. The group attached to hydrazone hardly influenced the maximum emission. Furthermore, all the compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activity and were found to be more effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Shigella compared with chloramphenicol. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Presidential Address: XXVI International Biometric Conference, Kobe, Japan, August 2012 Education in Developing Countries ’ The Role of IBS
Authors: Demétrio C. G. B. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSummaryHere we discuss the building of statistical knowledge, mainly in developing countries. We highlight some words from Past IBS Presidents and IBS actions that show the role of IBS in education with an emphasis on developing countries. Some examples show that international exchanges are a well‐known way of improving the quality of teaching, learning and research and stress the point that individual initiatives are very important (and fruitful) for education, but we should encourage some more general actions.
Perchlorate reduction from a highly contaminated groundwater in the presence of sulfate‐reducing bacteria in a hydrogen‐fed biofilm
Authors: Ontiveros‐Valencia Aura , Tang Youneng , Krajmalnik‐Brown Rosa , Rittmann Bruce E. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe used a hydrogen (H2)‐based biofilm to treat a groundwater contaminated with perchlorate (ClO4−) at ∼10 mg/L, an unusually high concentration. To enhance ClO4− removal, we either increased the H2 pressure or decreased the electron‐acceptor surface loading. The ClO4− removal increased from 94% to 98% when the H2 pressure was increased from 1.3 to 1.7 atm when the total acceptor surface loading was 0.49 g H2/m2 day. We then decreased the acceptor surface loading stepwise from 0.49 to 0.07 g H2/m2 day, and the ClO4− removal improved to 99.6%, giving an effluent ClO4− concentration of 41 µg/L. However, the tradeoff was that sulfate (SO42−) reduction occurred, reaching 85% conversion at the lowest acceptor surface loading (0.07 g H2/m2 day). In two steady states with the highest ClO4− reduction, we assayed for the presence of perchlorate‐reducing bacteria (PRB), denitrifying bacteria (DB), and sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) targeting characteristic reductases. The qPCR results documented competition between PRB and SRB for space within the biofilm. A simple model analysis for a steady‐state biofilm suggests that competition from SRB pushed the PRB to locations having a higher detachment rate, which prevented them from driving the ClO4− concentration below 41 µg/L. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 3139–3147. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and validation of a sensitive LC‐MS/MS‐ESI method for the determination of ivabradine in human plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Jiang Juanjuan , Tian Lei , Huang Yiling , Li Yishi 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA sensitive, rapid assay method for estimating ivabradine in human plasma has been developed and validated using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in the positive‐ion mode. The procedure involved extraction of ivabradine and the internal standard (IS) from human plasma by solid‐phase extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved using an isocratic mobile phase (0.1% formic acid–methanol, 60:40, v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min on an Aglient Eclipse XDB C8 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm; maintained at 35°C) with a total run time of 4.5 min. Detection was achieved using an Applied Biosystems MDS Sciex (Concord, Ontario, Canada) API 3200 triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were 469–177 for ivabradine and 453–177 for IS. Method validation was performed according to Food and Drug Administration guidelines, and the results met the acceptance criteria. The calibration curve was linear over a concentration range of 0.1–200 ng/mL. The lower limit of quantitation achieved was 0.1 ng/mL. Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were in the range of 1.23–14.17% and 5.26‐8.96%, respectively. Finally, the method was successfully used in a pharmacokinetic study that measured ivabradine levels in healthy volunteers after a single 5 mg oral dose of ivabradine. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pharmacokinetics of methyl salicylate‐2‐O‐β‐D‐lactoside, a novel salicylic acid analog isolated from Gaultheria yunnanensis ,in dogs
Authors: Zhang Dan , Ma Xiaowei , Xin Wenyu , Huang Chao , Zhang Weiku , Zhang Tiantai , Du Guanhua 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTMethyl salicylate‐2‐O‐β‐D‐lactoside (MSL), a natural salicylate derivative of Gaultheria yunnanensis (Franch.) Rehder (G. yunnanensis), has been shown to provide a beneficial anti‐inflammatory effect in animal models. Studies on the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of MSL can provide both a substantial foundation for understanding its mechanism and empirical evidence to support its use in clinical practice. A simple and sensitive high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, coupled with ultraviolet analyte detection, was developed for determining the concentration of MSL and its metabolite in beagle plasma. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Agilent Zorbax SB‐C18 column (5 μm,4.6 × 250 mm). The mobile phase consisted of aqueous solution containing 0.1% phosphoric acid and acetonitrile (82:90, v/v), at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. Validation of the assay demonstrated that the developed HPLC method was sensitive, accurate and selective for the determination of MSL and its metabolite in dog plasma. After orally administering three doses of MSL, it could no longer be detected in dog plasma and its metabolite, salicylic acid, was detected. Salicylic acid showed a single peak in the plasma concentration–time curves and linear pharmacokinetics following the three oral doses (r2 > 0.99). In contrast, only MSL was detected in plasma following intravenous administration. These results will aid in understanding the pharmacological significance of MSL. The developed method was successfully used for evaluation of the oral and intravenous pharmacokinetic profile of MSL in dogs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigating Unexpected Child Deaths: An Audit of the New Joint Agency Approach
Authors: Garstang Joanna , Debelle Geoff , Aukett Anne 
Published: June 2013

Key Practitioner Messages

The joint agency approach should be used to investigate all unexpected child deaths
Practitioners should ensure that final case discussions are not unduly delayed so that parents do not have to wait several months for information on the cause of their child's death.
All bereaved parents should be given the opportunity to have a follow‐up appointment with the paediatrician responsible for managing sudden unexpected death in children.
Theoretical Study of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes‐Catalyzed Cascade Annulation of Benzodienones and Enals
Authors: Sun Hui , Fang Xinqiang , Chi Yonggui Robin , Li Guohui 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTGrowing attention in developing new N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐mediated reactions involving homoenolate intermediates has prompted our interest in exploring the mechanistic details of the related reactions. In this work, we carried out a detailed theoretical study for the NHC‐catalyzed annulation reaction of cinnamaldehyde (A) and benzodi(enone) (B) in the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU). By performing density functional theory calculations, we show clearly the detailed reaction mechanism and rationalize the experimental observation. The reaction of A and B falls into two stages: the formation of homoenolate intermediate and the annulation of homoenolate with B. In the homoenolate formation stage, three possible paths are characterized. The pathway involving the DBU‐assisted 1,2‐proton transfer with a stepwise mechanism is kinetically more favorable, and the DBU‐assisted C1 proton departure is the rate‐determining step of the total reaction. The annulation of homoenolate with B involves four elementary steps. The conformational difference of homoenolate (cis and trans) leads to two slightly different reaction processes. In the total reaction, the process involving cis‐conformation of A is kinetically more feasible. This can be clearly understood through the frontier molecular orbital analysis and the electronic inductive effect. The calculated results are expected to offer valuable information for further design and development of NHC‐mediated reactions. Chirality 25:521‐528, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computational modeling of chemo‐electro‐mechanical coupling: A novel implicit monolithic finite element approach
Authors: Wong J. , Göktepe S. , Kuhl E. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYComputational modeling of the human heart allows us to predict how chemical, electrical, and mechanical fields interact throughout a cardiac cycle. Pharmacological treatment of cardiac disease has advanced significantly over the past decades, yet it remains unclear how the local biochemistry of an individual heart cell translates into global cardiac function. Here, we propose a novel, unified strategy to simulate excitable biological systems across three biological scales. To discretize the governing chemical, electrical, and mechanical equations in space, we propose a monolithic finite element scheme. We apply a highly efficient and inherently modular global–local split, in which the deformation and the transmembrane potential are introduced globally as nodal degrees of freedom, whereas the chemical state variables are treated locally as internal variables. To ensure unconditional algorithmic stability, we apply an implicit backward Euler finite difference scheme to discretize the resulting system in time. To increase algorithmic robustness and guarantee optimal quadratic convergence, we suggest an incremental iterative Newton–Raphson scheme. The proposed algorithm allows us to simulate the interaction of chemical, electrical, and mechanical fields during a representative cardiac cycle on a patient‐specific geometry, robust and stable, with calculation times on the order of 4 days on a standard desktop computer. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Switchable Complex Ligand Exhibiting Photoinduced Valence Tautomerism
Authors: Dai Jingwei , Kanegawa Shinji , Li Zhaoyang , Kang Soonchul , Sato Osamu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe crystal of a valence tautomeric cobalt complex, [Co(dbbq)2(bpym)](1) (dbbq = 3,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐1,2‐benzoquinone and bpym = 2,2′‐bipyrimidine), have been obtained by reaction between Co2(CO)8 and dbbq in the presence of the ligand bpym in a mixed solvent under an N2 atmosphere. The magnetic behavior of complex 1 clearly indicates that electron transfer from the catecholate ligand to the CoIII center occurs, which results in valence tautomers of [CoII(SQ)2(bpym)] with a transition temperature (T1/2) of 232(1) K. Photomagnetic studies show that complex 1 exhibits photoinduced valence tautomerism. The complex has the ability to coordinate and can be used as a photoswitchable building block.
Social norms and the expression of prejudice: The development of aversive racism in childhood
Authors: de França Dalila Xavier , Monteiro Maria Benedicta 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn Study 1, 82 White children aged 5–10 years allocated rewards to White and Black target children in justified/unjustified normative contexts according to their performance on a previous task. In Study 2, 71 White children aged 5–10 years allocated resources to White and Black target children in conditions of high (interviewer was present) or low (interviewer was absent) salience of the anti‐racism norm. In both studies, younger children displayed intergroup biased racial behaviours in most conditions, whereas older children, as expected, only displayed similar egalitarian behaviours in contexts where an anti‐racism normative pressure was not salient. Results of both experimental studies highlighted the interplay between child development, the anti‐prejudice norm and context factors. Furthermore, they support the assumptions of the theory of aversive racism regarding the use of legitimizing justifications to account for racial biased behaviours and extend its scope to a better understanding of the development of racial prejudice in childhood. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Likelihood Ratio Tests for Screening Gene‐Gene and Gene‐Environment Interactions With Unbalanced Repeated‐Measures Data
Authors: Ko Yi‐An , Saha‐Chaudhuri Paramita , Park Sung Kyun , Vokonas Pantel Steve , Mukherjee Bhramar 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThere has been extensive literature on modeling gene‐gene interaction (GGI) and gene‐environment interaction (GEI) in case‐control studies with limited literature on statistical methods for GGI and GEI in longitudinal cohort studies. We borrow ideas from the classical two‐way analysis of variance literature to address the issue of robust modeling of interactions in repeated‐measures studies. While classical interaction models proposed by Tukey and Mandel have interaction structures as a function of main effects, a newer class of models, additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) models, do not have similar restrictive assumptions on the interaction structure. AMMI entails a singular value decomposition of the cell residual matrix after fitting the additive main effects and has been shown to perform well across various interaction structures. We consider these models for testing GGI and GEI from two perspectives: likelihood ratio test based on cell means and a regression‐based approach using individual observations. Simulation results indicate that both approaches for AMMI models lead to valid tests in terms of maintaining the type I error rate, with the regression approach having better power properties. The performance of these models was evaluated across different interaction structures and 12 common epistasis patterns. In summary, AMMI model is robust with respect to misspecified interaction structure and is a useful screening tool for interaction even in the absence of main effects. We use the proposed methods to examine the interplay between the hemochromatosis gene and cumulative lead exposure on pulse pressure in the Normative Aging Study.
Classifying reanalysis surface temperature probability density functions (PDFs) over North America with cluster analysis
Authors: Loikith P. C. , Lintner B. R. , Kim J. , Lee H. , Neelin J. D. , Waliser D. E. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn important step in projecting future climate change impacts on extremes involves quantifying the underlying probability distribution functions (PDFs) of climate variables. However, doing so can prove challenging when multiple models and large domains are considered. Here an approach to PDF quantification using k‐means clustering is considered. A standard clustering algorithm (with k = 5 clusters) is applied to 33 years of daily January surface temperature from two state‐of‐the‐art reanalysis products, the North American Regional Reanalysis and the Modern Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications. The resulting cluster assignments yield spatially coherent patterns that can be broadly related to distinct climate regimes over North America, e.g., low variability over the tropical oceans or temperature advection across stronger or weaker gradients. This technique has the potential to be a useful and intuitive tool for evaluation of model‐simulated PDF structure and could provide insight into projections of future changes in temperature.
Enhancing Information Pertaining to Client Characteristics to Facilitate Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Callahan Jennifer L. , Heath Christopher J. , Aubuchon‐Endsley Nicki L. , Collins Frank L. , Herbert Gregory L. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveEvidence‐based practice (EBP) includes utilization of empirically supported treatments, application of clinical expertise, and consideration of client characteristics. The following brief report aims to elucidate barriers in the study and dissemination of research regarding these client characteristics.DesignAuthors examined empirical papers cited on psychologicaltreatments.org (N = 338) and categorized each according to efficacy evidence available pertaining to gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES).ResultsGender was most commonly considered (7% of studies), with less than 2% of studies analyzing efficacy in relation to race/ethnicity or SES.ConclusionsAvailable findings are summarized according to disorder. Researchers are encouraged to attend to client variables in efficacy studies and suggestions are offered for training students to include client variables in EBP.
Mindfulness Training in a Heterogeneous Psychiatric Sample: Outcome Evaluation and Comparison of Different Diagnostic Groups
Authors: Bos Elisabeth H. , Merea Ria , van den Brink Erik , Sanderman Robbert , Bartels‐Velthuis Agna A. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesTo examine outcome after mindfulness training in a heterogeneous psychiatric outpatient population and to compare outcome in different diagnostic groups.MethodOne hundred and forty‐three patients in 5 diagnostic categories completed questionnaires about psychological symptoms, quality of life, and mindfulness skills prior to and immediately after treatment.ResultsThe mixed patient group as a whole improved significantly on all outcome measures. Differential improvement was found for different diagnostic categories with respect to psychological symptoms and quality of life: Bipolar patients did not improve significantly on these measures. This finding could be explained by longer illness duration and lower baseline severity in the bipolar category.ConclusionMindfulness training is associated with overall improvement in a heterogeneous outpatient population. Differences in outcome between diagnostic categories may be ascribed to differences in illness duration and baseline severity.
Characterization of Mycobacterium sp. strain Spyr1 biomass and its biosorption behavior towards Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in single, binary and multi‐ion aqueous systems
Authors: Aryal Mahendra , Liakopoulou‐Kyriakides Maria 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDMycobacterium sp. biomass was used for removal of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) species from aqueous systems. Experimental results were processed with different kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic models. Studies of the effect of co‐ions, biomass characterization and desorption were also undertaken.RESULTSCr(III) and Cr(VI) sorption on Mycobacterium sp. biomass followed Ho pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The Langmuir isotherm model described the biosorption of both chromium species, whereas the Temkin isotherm model for Cr(III) and Hill‐der Boer isotherm model for Cr(VI), respectively. Selectivity for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) biosorption was observed in binary mixtures with As(V), Mg+2, Ca+2, Cl−, SO4−2, CO3−2 and PO4−3 ions from 5 to 200 mg L−1 and with Cu+2, Ni+2, Co+2, Cd+2, Mn+2 and Zn+2 ions up to 20 and 50 mg L−1 for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) respectively. In multi‐ions systems, selectivity of both chromium species was achieved at a concentration of co‐ions up to 10 mg L−1. The thermodynamic parameters indicated the spontaneous and feasible nature of biosorption processes. Amine and carboxylic groups are mainly responsible in both chromium species binding, and the phosphate group is also involved in Cr(VI) sorption. Mycobacterium biomass exhibited almost the same removal efficiency up to five subsequent biosorption–desorption cycles for the two chromium species.CONCLUSIONMycobacterium sp. biomass can be used as efficient and economic biomass for removal of both chromium species from contaminated water. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry