bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual and ovicidal efficacy of essential oil‐based formulations in vitro against the donkey chewing louse Bovicola ocellatus
Authors: SANDS B. , ELLSE L. , WALL R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractEssential oils have shown good experimental potential as novel veterinary ectoparasiticides. However, if they are to be used as veterinary products, they must be available in formulations that are suitable for practical application against specific ectoparasites. Here, the efficacies of formulations containing 5% (v/v) lavender or tea tree oil, in combination with two emulsifiers [a surfactant, 5% (w/v) N‐lauroylsarcosine sodium salt (SLS), and a soluble polymer, 5% (w/v) polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)], with or without 10% coconut oil, were tested in contact bioassays against the donkey chewing louse Bovicola ocellatus (Piaget) (Phthiraptera: Trichodectidae). Residual activity was quantified in open and closed containers; ovicidal efficacy was also examined. Exposure to either of 5% (v/v) lavender or tea tree oils with SLS or PVP resulted in louse mortality of 100%, but when coconut oil was included as an excipient, significantly lower efficacy was recorded. However, the formulations became significantly less effective after 2 h in open containers and 40 h in closed containers. The results confirm that the residual activity of essential oils is relatively transitory and the addition of 10% coconut oil does not prolong the period of insecticidal activity by slowing essential oil evaporation. Too short a period of residual activity is likely to be a significant impediment to the effective practical use of essential oils. However, unlike many synthetic pediculicides, the essential oils tested here were highly ovicidal, which suggests that prolonged residual activity may not be essential to kill newly hatched nymphs after treatment.
The syntaxin protein (MoSyn8) mediates intracellular trafficking to regulate conidiogenesis and pathogenicity of rice blast fungus
Authors: Qi Zhongqiang , Liu Muxing , Dong Yanhan , Zhu Qian , Li Lianwei , Li Bing , Yang Jie , Li Ying , Ru Yanyan , Zhang Haifeng , Zheng Xiaobo , Wang Ping , Zhang Zhengguang 
Published: November 2015

Summary

Soluble N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) mediate cellular membrane fusion and intracellular vesicle trafficking in eukaryotic cells, and are critical in the growth and development of pathogenic fungi such as Magnaporthe oryzae which causes rice blast. Rice blast is thought to involve distinct SNARE‐mediated transport and secretion of fungal effector proteins into the host to modulate rice immunity.

We have previously characterized two SNARE proteins, secretory protein (MoSec22) and vesicle‐associated membrane protein (MoVam7), as being important in cellular transport and pathogenicity. Here, we show that syntaxin 8 (MoSyn8), a Qc‐SNARE protein homolog, also plays important roles in growth, conidiation, and pathogenicity.

The MoSYN8 deletion mutant (∆Mosyn8) mutant exhibits defects in endocytosis and F‐actin organization, appressorium turgor pressure generation, and host penetration. In addition, the ∆Mosyn8 mutant cannot elaborate biotrophic invasion of the susceptible rice host, or secrete avirulence factors Avr‐Pia (corresponding to the rice resistance gene Pia) and Avrpiz‐t (the cognate Avr gene for the resistance gene Piz‐t) proteins.

Our study of MoSyn8 advances our understanding of SNARE proteins in effector secretion which underlies the normal physiology and pathogenicity of M. oryzae, and it sheds new light on the mechanism of the blight disease caused by M. oryzae.
Evolutionary implications of C3–C4 intermediates in the grass Alloteropsis semialata
Authors: Lundgren Marjorie R. , Christin Pascal‐Antoine , Escobar Emmanuel Gonzalez , Ripley Brad S. , Besnard Guillaume , Long Christine M. , Hattersley Paul W. , Ellis Roger P. , Leegood Richard C. , Osborne Colin P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractC4 photosynthesis is a complex trait resulting from a series of anatomical and biochemical modifications to the ancestral C3 pathway. It is thought to evolve in a stepwise manner, creating intermediates with different combinations of C4‐like components. Determining the adaptive value of these components is key to understanding how C4 photosynthesis can gradually assemble through natural selection. Here, we decompose the photosynthetic phenotypes of numerous individuals of the grass Alloteropsis semialata, the only species known to include both C3 and C4 genotypes. Analyses of δ13C, physiology and leaf anatomy demonstrate for the first time the existence of physiological C3–C4 intermediate individuals in the species. Based on previous phylogenetic analyses, the C3–C4 individuals are not hybrids between the C3 and C4 genotypes analysed, but instead belong to a distinct genetic lineage, and might have given rise to C4 descendants. C3 A. semialata, present in colder climates, likely represents a reversal from a C3–C4 intermediate state, indicating that, unlike C4 photosynthesis, evolution of the C3–C4 phenotype is not irreversible.
The nitrogen–potassium intersection: membranes, metabolism, and mechanism
Authors: Coskun Devrim , Britto Dev T. , Kronzucker Herbert J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractNitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are the two most abundantly acquired mineral elements by plants, and their acquisition pathways interact in complex ways. Here, we review pivotal interactions with respect to root acquisition, storage, translocation and metabolism, between the K+ion and the two major N sources, ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3‐). The intersections between N and K physiology are explored at a number of organizational levels, from molecular‐genetic processes, to compartmentation, to whole plant physiology, and discussed in the context of both N‐K cooperation and antagonism. Nutritional regulation and optimization of plant growth, yield, metabolism and water‐use efficiency are also discussed.
The presence of nodules on legume root systems can alter phenotypic plasticity in response to internal nitrogen independent of nitrogen fixation
Authors: Goh Chooi‐Hua , Nicotra Adrienne B. , Mathesius Ulrike 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAll higher plants show developmental plasticity in response to the availability of nitrogen (N) in the soil. In legumes, N starvation causes the formation of root nodules, where symbiotic rhizobacteria fix atmospheric N2 for the host in exchange for fixed carbon (C) from the shoot. Here, we tested whether plastic responses to internal [N] of legumes are altered by their symbionts. Glasshouse experiments compared root phenotypes of three legumes, Medicago truncatula, Medicago sativa and Trifolium subterraneum, inoculated with their compatible symbiont partners and grown under four nitrate levels. In addition, six strains of rhizobia, differing in their ability to fix N2 in M. truncatula, were compared to test if plastic responses to internal [N] were dependent on the rhizobia or N2‐fixing capability of the nodules. We found that the presence of rhizobia affected phenotypic plasticity of the legumes to internal [N], particularly in root length and root mass ratio (RMR), in a plant species‐dependent way. While root length responses of M. truncatula to internal [N] were dependent on the ability of rhizobial symbionts to fix N2, RMR response to internal [N] was dependent only on initiation of nodules, irrespective of N2‐fixing ability of the rhizobia strains.
Plants in silico: why, why now and what?—an integrative platform for plant systems biology research
Authors: Zhu Xin‐Guang , Lynch Jonathan P. , LeBauer David S. , Millar Andrew J. , Stitt Mark , Long Stephen P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA paradigm shift is needed and timely in moving plant modelling from largely isolated efforts to a connected community endeavour that can take full advantage of advances in computer science and in mechanistic understanding of plant processes. Plants in silico (Psi) envisions a digital representation of layered dynamic modules, linking from gene networks and metabolic pathways through to cellular organization, tissue, organ and whole plant development, together with resource capture and use efficiency in dynamic competitive environments, ultimately allowing a mechanistically rich simulation of the plant or of a community of plants in silico. The concept is to integrate models or modules from different layers of organization spanning from genome to phenome to ecosystem in a modular framework allowing the use of modules of varying mechanistic detail representing the same biological process. Developments in high‐performance computing, functional knowledge of plants, the internet and open‐source version controlled software make achieving the concept realistic. Open source will enhance collaboration and move towards testing and consensus on quantitative theoretical frameworks. Importantly, Psi provides a quantitative knowledge framework where the implications of a discovery at one level, for example, single gene function or developmental response, can be examined at the whole plant or even crop and natural ecosystem levels.
Effect of working memory load on electrophysiological markers of visuospatial orienting in a spatial cueing task simulating a traffic situation
Authors: Vossen Alexandra Y. , Ross Veerle , Jongen Ellen M. M. , Ruiter Robert A. C. , Smulders Fren T. Y. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractVisuospatial attentional orienting has typically been studied in abstract tasks with low ecological validity. However, real‐life tasks such as driving require allocation of working memory (WM) resources to several subtasks over and above orienting in a complex sensory environment. The aims of this study were twofold: firstly, to establish whether electrophysiological signatures of attentional orienting commonly observed under simplified task conditions generalize to a more naturalistic task situation with realistic‐looking stimuli, and, secondly, to assess how these signatures are affected by increased WM load under such conditions. Sixteen healthy participants performed a dual task consisting of a spatial cueing paradigm and a concurrent verbal memory task that simulated aspects of an actual traffic situation. Behaviorally, we observed a load‐induced detriment of sensitivity to targets. In the EEG, we replicated orienting‐related alpha lateralization, the lateralized ERPs ADAN, EDAN, and LDAP, and the P1‐N1 attention effect. When WM load was high (i.e., WM resources were reduced), lateralization of oscillatory activity in the lower alpha band was delayed. In the ERPs, we found that ADAN was also delayed, while EDAN was absent. Later ERP correlates were unaffected by load. Our results show that the findings in highly controlled artificial tasks can be generalized to spatial orienting in ecologically more valid tasks, and further suggest that the initiation of spatial orienting is delayed when WM demands of an unrelated secondary task are high.
Emergency route diagnosis of mucoepidermoid carcinoma initially diagnosed as a temporomandibular disorder
Authors: Chmieliauskaite Milda , Sollecito Thomas P. , Stoopler Eric T. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTSalivary gland malignancy (SGM) can affect both major and minor glands and manifests clinically with various presentations. The most common type of SGM is mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), which has been previously reported to be associated with symptomatology associated with temporomandibular disorders (TMD). This case report describes a patient with an aggressive form of MEC of the parotid gland that was initially diagnosed as TMD. In addition, the patient's MEC was diagnosed emergently based on development of acute clinical symptomatology. To the best of our knowledge, emergency route diagnosis of MEC affecting the parotid gland has not been previously reported in the literature.
“Reanalysis” Is Raising to Object
Authors: Drummond Alex , Kush Dave 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe propose a Case‐driven account of the “reanalysis” operation assumed by some researchers to underlie pseudopassivization. Contra previous analyses, we argue that reanalyzed prepositions do not form a unit with the verb at any level of representation. Rather, reanalyzed prepositions raise to a v/V‐medial Agr head, and the complement of the preposition raises to the specifier of this complex head to receive Case. This places the erstwhile complement in essentially the same structural configuration as an ordinary direct object, so that passivization proceeds normally. Preposition stranding, although it does not require reanalysis as such, is tied to one of the prerequisites for reanalysis: the presence of independent Agr projections. This explains why all languages with pseudopassives also permit preposition stranding. Reanalysis also accounts for certain instances of anaphoric binding in the apparent absence of c‐command.
Causation without acause
Authors: Cuervo María Cristina 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article develops a constructionalist approach to “lexical” causatives, as inThe sun melted the snow. It is argued that causation is a truly configurational meaning, arising as the interpretation of the syntactic combination of two verbal heads, the higher v representing the causing event (an unspecified dynamic vdo) and the lower v representing the resulting state named by the verbal root (a stative vbe). This structure contrasts with that of simple transitive activity verbs, which are monoeventive (vdo). A parallel contrast is established between bieventive inchoatives (vgo–vbe), as inThe snow melted, and simple unaccusatives, as inThe guests arrived(vgo). In this analysis, causatives and inchoatives both comprise two events and have an intersective nonderivational relationship. They share the lower resulting state; the type of the higher event distinguishes between the two. The analysis—developed with attention to Spanish data—can straightforwardly account for observed gaps in the causative alternation, the distribution of bare nouns, and scope ambiguity of adverbials and negation, and it sheds new light on the presence of reflexive morphology in inchoatives. The analysis implies that transitivity, as well as unaccusativity, can arise from two basic syntactic structures, on which distinctive verbal meanings are built. In this theory, no syntactic terminal or lexical verb expresses a relation between events; relations between events—such as causation, change of state, and resultatives—arise via semantic composition rules that interpret complex syntactic structures.
Phase I lead‐in and subsequent randomized trial assessing safety and modulation of regulatory T cell numbers following a maximally tolerated dose doxorubicin and metronomic dose cyclophosphamide combination chemotherapy protocol in tumour‐bearing dogs
Authors: Rasmussen R. M. , Kurzman I. D. , Biller B. J. , Guth A. , Vail D. M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMaximally tolerated dose (MTD) and metronomic dose chemotherapeutic approaches alter the immune system and the angiogenic process in different yet potentially complementary ways. A combination of MTD doxorubicin (MTD‐DOX) and metronomic cyclophosphamide (mCTX) protocol was evaluated for safety and effect on circulating regulatory T (Treg) cells. We found that mCTX can be safely administered with MTD‐DOX in tumour‐bearing dogs. Both combination DOX/mCTX and single‐agent DOX resulted in significant depletions of circulating lymphocytes throughout the chemotherapy cycle without apparent selectivity for Tregs. The indiscriminant lymphocyte depletions were similar between dogs randomized to receive DOX and dogs randomized to receive DOX/mCTX, suggesting this effect is because of DOX alone. These findings may have implications as to the therapeutic benefit (or lack thereof) of concurrent combination MTD and metronomic protocols. Future investigations are required to determine the effects and indeed the efficacy of concurrent versus sequential applications of MTD and metronomic chemotherapy protocols.
Fosfomycin plus β-Lactams as Synergistic Bactericidal Combinations for Experimental Endocarditis Due to Methicillin-Resistant and Glycopeptide-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: del Río A. , García-de-la-Mària C. , Entenza J. M. , Gasch O. , Armero Y. , Soy D. , Mestres C. A. , Pericás J. M. , Falces C. , Ninot S. , Almela M. , Cervera C. , Gatell J. M. , Moreno A. , Moreillon P. , Marco F. , Miró J. M. ,   the Hospital Clinic Experimental Endocarditis Study Group
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

The urgent need of effective therapies for methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) infective endocarditis (IE) is a cause of concern. We aimed to ascertain the
in vitro
and
in vivo
activity of the older antibiotic fosfomycin combined with different beta-lactams against MRSA and glycopeptide-intermediate-resistant
S. aureus
(GISA) strains. Time-kill tests with 10 isolates showed that fosfomycin plus imipenem (FOF+IPM) was the most active evaluated combination. In an aortic valve IE model with two strains (MRSA-277H and GISA-ATCC 700788), the following intravenous regimens were compared: fosfomycin (2 g every 8 h [q8h]) plus imipenem (1 g q6h) or ceftriaxone (2 g q12h) (FOF+CRO) and vancomycin at a standard dose (VAN-SD) (1 g q12h) and a high dose (VAN-HD) (1 g q6h). Whereas a significant reduction of MRSA-227H load in the vegetations (veg) was observed with FOF+IPM compared with VAN-SD (0 [interquartile range [IQR], 0 to 1] versus 2 [IQR, 0 to 5.1] log CFU/g veg;
P
= 0.01), no statistical differences were found with VAN-HD. In addition, FOF+IPM sterilized more vegetations than VAN-SD (11/15 [73%] versus 5/16 [31%];
P
= 0.02). The GISA-ATCC 700788 load in the vegetations was significantly lower after FOF+IPM or FOF+CRO treatment than with VAN-SD (2 [IQR, 0 to 2] and 0 [IQR, 0 to 2] versus 6.5 [IQR, 2 to 6.9] log CFU/g veg;
P
< 0.01). The number of sterilized vegetations after treatment with FOF+CRO was higher than after treatment with VAN-SD or VAN-HD (8/15 [53%] versus 4/20 [20%] or 4/20 [20%];
P
= 0.03). To assess the effect of FOF+IPM on penicillin binding protein (PBP) synthesis, molecular studies were performed, with results showing that FOF+IPM treatment significantly decreased PBP1, PBP2 (but not PBP2a), and PBP3 synthesis. These results allow clinicians to consider the use of FOF+IPM or FOF+CRO to treat MRSA or GISA IE.
NUP160–SLC43A3 Is a Novel Recurrent Fusion Oncogene in Angiosarcoma
Authors: Shimozono Naoki , Jinnin Masatoshi , Masuzawa Mamiko , Masuzawa Mikio , Wang Zhongzhi , Hirano Ayaka , Tomizawa Yukiko , Etoh-Kira Tomomi , Kajihara Ikko , Harada Miho , Fukushima Satoshi , Ihn Hironobu 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Angiosarcoma is a malignant vascular tumor originating from endothelial cells of blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. The specific driver mutations in angiosarcoma remain unknown. In this study, we investigated this issue by transcriptome sequencing of patient-derived angiosarcoma cells (ISO-HAS), identifying a novel fusion gene NUP160–SLC43A3 found to be expressed in 9 of 25 human angiosarcoma specimens that were examined. In tumors harboring the fusion gene, the duration between the onset of symptoms and the first hospital visit was significantly shorter, suggesting more rapid tumor progression. Stable expression of the fusion gene in nontransformed human dermal microvascular endothelial cells elicited a gene-expression pattern mimicking ISO-HAS cells and increased cell proliferation, an effect traced in part to NUP160 truncation. Conversely, RNAi-mediated attenuation of NUP160 in ISO-HAS cells decreased cell number. Confirming the oncogenic effects of the fusion protein, subcutaneous implantation of NUP160–SLC43A3-expressing fibroblasts induced tumors resembling human angiosarcoma. Collectively, our findings advance knowledge concerning the genetic causes of angiosarcoma, with potential implications for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Cancer Res; 75(21); 4458–65. ©2015 AACR.
All the World's a Stage: Facilitating Discovery Science and Improved Cancer Care through the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health
Authors: Lawler Mark , Siu Lillian L. , Rehm Heidi L. , Chanock Stephen J. , Alterovitz Gil , Burn John , Calvo Fabien , Lacombe Denis , Teh Bin Tean , North Kathryn N. , Sawyers Charles L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Summary: The recent explosion of genetic and clinical data generated from tumor genome analysis presents an unparalleled opportunity to enhance our understanding of cancer, but this opportunity is compromised by the reluctance of many in the scientific community to share datasets and the lack of interoperability between different data platforms. The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health is addressing these barriers and challenges through a cooperative framework that encourages “team science” and responsible data sharing, complemented by the development of a series of application program interfaces that link different data platforms, thus breaking down traditional silos and liberating the data to enable new discoveries and ultimately benefit patients. Cancer Discov; 5(11); 1133–6. ©2015 AACR.
Exploring Stratocumulus Cloud-Top Entrainment Processes and Parameterizations by Using Doppler Cloud Radar Observations
Authors: Albrecht Bruce , Fang Ming , Ghate Virendra 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Observations made at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program’s Southern Great Plains (SGP) site during uniform nonprecipitating stratocumulus cloud conditions for a 14-h period are used to examine cloud-top entrainment processes and parameterizations. The observations from a vertically pointing Doppler cloud radar provide estimates of vertical velocity variance and energy dissipation rate (EDR) terms in the parameterized turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget of the entrainment zone. Hourly averages of the vertical velocity variance term in the TKE entrainment formulation correlated strongly (r = 0.72) with the dissipation rate term in the entrainment zone, with an increased correlation (r = 0.92) when accounting for the nighttime decoupling of the boundary layer. Independent estimates of entrainment rates were obtained from an inversion-height budget using the local time derivative and horizontal advection of cloud-top height together with large-scale vertical velocity at the boundary layer inversion from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis model. The mean entrainment rate from the inversion-height budget during the 14-h period was 0.74 ± 0.15 cm s−1 and was used to calculate bulk coefficients for entrainment parameterizations based on convective velocity scale w* and TKE budgets of the entrainment zone. The hourly values of entrainment rates calculated using these coefficients exhibited good agreement with those calculated from the inversion-height budget associated with substantial changes in surface buoyancy production and cloud-top radiative cooling. The results indicate a strong potential for making entrainment rate estimates directly from radar vertical velocity variance and the EDR measurements.