bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brand recognition in television advertising: The influence of brand presence and brand introduction
Authors: Gerber Charlene , Terblanche-Smit Marlize , Crommelin Tracey 
Published: May 2014

Purpose: To assess the relationship between brand recognition and brand presence and brand introduction.Problem investigated: Brand recognition and recall are established advertising effectiveness measurements to assess brand awareness. Of particular interest is whether encoding of brand information as measured by brand recognition is influenced by brand presence and brand introduction.Design/methodology/approach: A meta-analysis was performed on responses to 25 television advertisements, gathered from 50 000 respondents.Findings: The findings indicated a positive linear relationship between brand presence and brand recognition but a negative linear relationship between brand introduction and brand recognition, whilst brand introduction and brand presence predicted variance in brand recognition.Value of research: The researchers concluded that a brand should be present in an advertisement for about two-thirds of the time for optimum brand recognition.
PACS: Do clinical users benefit from it as a training adjunct?
Authors: Van Heerden J , Lockhat Z , Bam D , Fletcher L , Sommerville J 
Published: May 2014

Background. Over the past four years, Steve Biko Academic Hospital has been in the process of implementing and refining the use of a picture archiving and communications system (PACS). As part of a post-implementation refining process, it is necessary to evaluate user-perceptions in order to improve on good system qualities and correct flaws.
Aim. The aim of this study was to assess whether medical clinicians perceived PACS as a positive adjunct to training and teaching opportunities – specifically those opportunities related to radiological image viewing and interpretation as part of patient case discussions.
Method. Standardised questionnaires with ‘free text’ and ‘option selection’ questions were distributed to clinicians who, as part of their training, rotated at Steve Biko Academic Hospital (where a PACS is in place) as well as other teaching hospitals without a PACS. Between February 2009 and May 2009, approximately 400 questionnaires were distributed. As a result of constant academic rotations, leave schedules of medical staff and posts vacated, questionnaires could not be distributed to the entire target population that was estimated to be in the region of 550 medical clinicians (comprising senior medical students, interns, medical officers, registrars and consultants). Of the 400 questionnaires distributed, 189 completed questionnaires were returned. Completion of the questionnaires was voluntary and anonymous.
Results and conclusion. Although a PACS relates specifically to the archiving and retrieval of radiological images and reports, it became clear from the feedback received from medical clinicians (who are ward-based, theatre-based or clinic-based users of a digital system) that many other factors, such as lack of adequate hardware and sub-optimal personal IT proficiency, contributed to some of the negative PACS-related perceptions and ‘lost teaching opportunities’ reported. Negative comments specifically related to PACS as a training adjunct included the frustrations associated with PACS downtime (especially during the period in 2009 when many electrical power cuts were experienced nationwide, resulting in network interruptions) and slow image retrieval during peak work-flow times. The advantages of PACS as a positive training adjunct were highlighted in the areas of multi-site viewing and consultation, the possibility of image manipulation and measurement tools, and better overall image quality. Clinicians felt that their training experience was also enhanced because of better patient follow-up made possible by access to all previous radiological imaging of a particular patient. Of the clinicians who completed the questionnaires, 63.5% felt that the PACS at Steve Biko Academic Hospital contributed positively to their training by creating more overall learning opportunities than other training environments without a PACS.
Rupture of an ovarian artery aneurysm following normal vaginal delivery
Authors: Van Schouwenburg F , Lameen H 
Published: May 2014

A 30 year-old woman presented at the casualty department 12 days after having given birth to a healthy baby via normal vaginal delivery. She complained of increasing pain and a mass in her right flank. There were no complaints of nausea, vomiting, dysuria or abnormal bowel habits.
On examination, the patient was acutely distressed, in severe pain and was anaemic with an Hb of 5 g/dl. Her blood pressure was 151/71 mmHg and her pulse rate 125/minute. Physical examination revealed a severely distended abdomen with features of peritonitis.
An abdominal ultrasound revealed a large abdominal fluid collection and a CT scan was therefore requested. A contrast-enhanced CT scan demonstrated a large homogenous retroperitoneal fluid collection in the right flank, with a 25mm rounded, intensely enhancing focus located close to the inferior border of the collection. The collection displaced the bowel to the left and inferiorly, and the liver, superiorly.
The differential diagnosis included a ruptured ovarian artery aneurysm. As soon as the patient was stable, she was taken for ovarian artery embolization that was successfully accomplished. The patient recovered well in the ward.
Iatrogenic injury of an aberrant right posterior sectoral bile duct
Authors: Cantrell John 
Published: May 2014

A 34-year-old woman presented with a history of a previous laparoscopic cholecystectomy, followed within a few days by a formal laparotomy for a suspected bile duct injury. Approximately one week after the laparotomy, she developed a sinus on the anterior abdominal wall that was draining bile. She was then referred to our institution for further management. The earlier surgery was done at another hospital, and these details were not clear.
A CT scan, including a CT sinogram, was performed. The sinogram was done by inserting a catheter into the sinus and running in diluted contrast under gravity. CT images showed the sinus tract communicating with a collection in the gallbladder fossa, as well as contrast opacification of the segment 6 and 7 bile ducts.
A week later, an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) examination was performed. This showed no filling of the right posterior sectoral ducts but normal opacification of the other ducts. These findings led to the diagnosis of an aberrant right posterior sectoral bile duct that was not identified prior to surgery and that was damaged at the time of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This duct now drained into the gallbladder fossa, causing the collection and draining sinus.
Comparison of Visual Performance after Implantation of 3 Types of Intraocular Lenses: Accommodative, Multifocal, and Monofocal
Authors: Tan Nian , Zheng Dengyi , Ye Jian 
Published: May 2014

Purpose To compare the performance of accommodative, multifocal, and monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods In this clinical control study, 3 types of IOL were implanted in 128 eyes of 86 patients with age-related cataract who underwent phacoemulsification. Accommodative (Tetraflex), multifocal (ZMA00), and monofocal (Akreos Advanced Optics [AO]) IOLs were implanted into 43, 40, and 45 eyes, respectively. The uncorrected, best-corrected distance, contrast sensitivity, and distance-corrected intermediate and near visual acuity (UCDVA, BCDVA, CSVA, DCIVA, and DCNVA, respectively), amplitude of pseudoaccommodation, and patient satisfaction were measured at 1, 3, and 12 months after surgery. Results Differences in CSVA at all contrast degrees, UCDVA, and BCDVA among the 3 groups were not significant. Patients in the Akreos AO group exhibited a poorer DCIVA and DCNVA and experienced less pseudoaccommodation compared to patients in the other 2 groups at 3 and 12 months after surgery (p<0.01). Patients in the ZMA00 group exhibited a better DCIVA and experienced more pseudoaccommodation than patients in the Tetraflex group (3 months: p<0.05, 12 months: p<0.01 for both outcomes). Three months after surgery, total spectacle independence was achieved by 84.4%, 60.7%, and 17.2% of the ZMA00, Tetraflex, and Akreos AO group patients, respectively. Conclusions All 3 types of IOLs allowed greater distance visual acuity; however, multifocal IOLs produced better DCIVA and DCNVA and more pseudoaccommodation and spectacle independence. Accommodative IOLs ranked second. Neither accommodative nor multifocal IOLs reduced CSVA.
Plasma Homocysteine in Patients with Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Minniti Giuseppe , Calevo Maria Grazia , Giannattasio Alessandro , Camicione Paola , Armani Ugo , Lorini Renata , Piana Gianna 
Published: May 2014

Purpose To evaluate total plasma homocysteine (HCY) during fasting and post methionine load test (MLT), serum folate, serum vitamin B12, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutation in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) and to examine the association between these risk factors and 2 subtypes of RVO: central (CRVO) and branch (BRVO). Methods This case-control study included 91 Italian patients presenting a first RVO and 71 healthy subjects, matched by age, without history of thromboembolic diseases, glaucoma, or malignancy. Homocysteine fasting and after MLT, serum folate level, serum vitamin B12 level, and other laboratory tests were assessed. Genetic analysis for the C677T MTHFR mutation was performed. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 2.63; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-5.30; p = 0.007), higher values of fasting HCY (OR 1.16; 95% CI 1.01-1.33; p = 0.03), and low concentrations of vitamin B12 (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.995-0.999; p = 0.01) were independently correlated with RVO. Moreover, the main determinants for CRVO risk were hypertension (OR 2.46; 95% CI 1.06-5.72; p = 0.04), high values of fasting HCY (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.02-1.41; p = 0.03), and low concentrations of vitamin B12 (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.994-0.999; p = 0.008), whereas for BRVO risk only hypertension was significant (OR 2.74; 95% CI 1.24-6.03; p = 0.01). Genotype distribution of the MTHFR C677T mutation did not reveal any significant difference between patients and controls. Conclusions These results suggest that elevated fasting HCY levels, low vitamin B12 levels, and hypertension are associated with a risk of RVO, especially for CRVO. Moreover, our data suggest that only hypertension is associated with BRVO risk.
Complement C3, C2, and factor B Gene Polymorphisms and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Greek Cohort Study
Authors: Havvas Ioannis , Marioli Dimitra I. , Deli Angeliki , Zarkadis Ioannis K. , Pharmakakis Nikolaos 
Published: May 2014

Purpose To elucidate whether polymorphisms of C2, C3, and CFB genes are major genetic determinants of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in a Greek population. Methods This was a case-control association study comprising 120 Greek patients with early and late-stage AMD and 140 independent controls of Caucasian origin. All participants were genotyped for rs547154, rs2230199, rs641153, and rs12614 polymorphisms by a combination of PCR and direct DNA sequencing assays. Results The frequency of the rs2230199 G allele (minor allele) was significantly higher in patients with AMD in comparison with controls (0.34 vs 0.22, p = 0.0031) and similar to the frequency of other reported populations. There was a significant difference in the frequencies of the rs2230199 genotypes among cases and controls (p = 0.0055). rs2230199 was found to be a significant predictor of advanced AMD status (odds ratio 6.41, confidence interval [CI] 2.72-15.09, p<0.0001; area under the curve 0.706, CI 0.61-0.78, p<0.0001]). For the other single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci, the allele and genotype frequencies did not reach statistical significance. The minor allele frequencies in controls and cases were similar and still much lower than the frequencies reported in other populations. Conclusions The rs547154, rs641153, and rs12614 SNPs were not associated with AMD development in Greek patients. However, this finding should be viewed with caution as the particular polymorphisms presented with very low frequencies in the Greek population. Finally, the replication of the reported associations of C3 with AMD suggests that the presence of the C3 G allele could serve as a high-risk genetic marker for the development of AMD and the progression of the disease to the advanced clinical stage.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Children Operated for Pediatric Cataracts
Authors: Uzun Aslihan , Atilla Huban 
Published: May 2014

Purpose To evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children who had surgery for pediatric cataracts. Methods Twenty-five children were divided into 2 groups according to the age at the time of survey (younger than 6 years in group A and 7 years and older in group B). A questionnaire that had 1 part appraising the child's perception and 3 parts evaluating the functional, social, and surgical apprehensions of parents was given to the participants. The questions in the first part were answered by parents in group A (proxy test) and by children in group B (self test). The correlations between the results and patient characteristics were evaluated statistically. Results Mean (range) score for the first part was 79.5 (58-97) in group A and 70 (56-86) in group B. Functional, social, and surgical scores were 42.5 (0-80), 45 (5-100), and 63 (12.5-100) in group A and 40 (10-90), 70 (40-85), and 75 (25-100) in group B. Functional, social, or surgical scores were not significantly different between groups. Social apprehensions were significantly higher in parents of patients with preoperative strabismus in group B. Functional, social, surgical apprehensions, and children's thoughts were not correlated significantly with age, sex, family history, laterality, associated nystagmus, aphakia or pseudophakia, postoperative optical rehabilitation, or the need for additional surgery in the groups. Conclusions Although pediatric cataracts are known to have a great impact on children's life socially and functionally, there was no significant relationship between patient characteristics and HRQOL. The associated preoperative strabismus causes more social concern in the parents.
Amniotic Membrane Transplantation in Acute Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: Histopathologic Changes and Ocular Surface Features after 1-Year follow-up
Authors: López-García José Santiago , Rivas Luis , García-Lozano Isabel , Conesa Eduardo , Elosua Isabel , Murube Juan 
Published: May 2014

Purpose To evaluate ocular features and histopathologic changes in patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) treated with amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) in the acute phase. Methods A prospective study of 5 eyes (3 patients) with severe ocular involvement and 4 eyes (2 patients) with moderate involvement treated with AMT in the acute phase of TEN was performed. Patients underwent a complete ophthalmic assessment before the intervention and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. Tear film break-up time (BUT), Schirmer test, fluorescein_staining, corneal and conjunctival epithelial squamous metaplasia, ocular sequelae, and conjunctival retraction were measured. Results In patients with severe involvement, 2 eyes (40%) showed mild symblepharon and peripheral corneal neovascularization, and corneal epithelial defects, lid margin malposition, and trichiasis was found in 20% of the eyes; only 1 eye (20%) required surgery for structural defects. We did not find ocular sequelae after 1-year follow-up in the patients with moderate involvement. Only 1 eye (25%) developed mild symblepharon that did not require specific treatment. Amniotic membrane transplantation significantly improved the squamous metaplasia in corneal and conjunctival nonsecretory epithelial cells, and significantly improved the goblet cells density after 1-year follow-up. Conclusions Amniotic membrane transplantation performed for acute TEN reduced inflammation and ocular surface scarring, improved dry eye and squamous metaplasia. and decreased ocular sequelae in the chronic stage. Although further and prospective studies are needed, AMT may be the optimal treatment for acute TEN with severe or moderate ocular involvement.
Reproducibility of Disc and Macula Optical Coherence Tomography using the Canon OCT-HS100 as Compared with the Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT
Authors: Brautaset Rune , Birkeldh Ulrika , Rosén Rebecka , Ramsay Marika Wahlberg , Nilsson Maria 
Published: May 2014

Purpose In a clinical setting, the usefulness of optical coherence tomography (OCT) is strongly dependent on reproducibility of the measurement. The aim of the present study was to evaluate macula and optic disc measurement reproducibility with the new spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) from Canon (Canon OCT-HS100) and to compare reproducibility and obtained measurements with the Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT. Methods Macula and optic disc parameters from the right eyes of 31 subjects were obtained twice with both instruments. Interoperator reproducibility was evaluated by use of the coefficient of repeatability (CR), and the obtained measurements were compared between the instruments. Results No difference in interoperator reproducibility could be found when comparing the 2 instruments and reproducibility ranged from 3.94% to 12.77% for optic disc parameters and from 1.19% to 3.54% for macula parameters. The lowest reproducibility was found for cup volume and vertical cup/disc ratio with both instruments. For all macula and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements, there was a statistical difference when comparing the 2 instruments, except for RFNL measurements of the superior quadrant, with the Canon OCT-HS100 always evaluating the thickness to be thicker; however, the 2 instruments correlated well. Conclusions The Canon OCT-HS100 is a reproducible instrument that matches the Zeiss Cirrus HD-OCT well. It remains to be evaluated how sensitive the Canon OCT-HS100 is to detect small subtle changes in optic disc parameters and macular nerve fiber layer thickness. Furthermore, due to the differences in thickness estimation, it is important to emphasize that SD-OCTs are not interchangeable.
Reasons for Early Ocular Hypertension after Uneventful Cataract Surgery
Authors: Fan Fan , Luo Yi , Lu Yi , Liu Xin 
Published: May 2014

Purpose To discuss the reasons for and measurements of early ocular hypertension after uneventful phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Methods This was a retrospective review of patients who had early ocular hypertension after cataract surgery from a single-surgeon practice that medications failed to control or required additional surgery from September 2011 to January 2013. Results Of the 1270 eyes that had cataract surgery by one surgeon in our department in 16 months, 12 (9.4‰) eyes of 12 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) peak was 41 (range 32-62) mm Hg. The median time of initial onset after cataract surgery was 3.5 days (range 1-60 days). Six eyes had antiglaucoma surgery history. Ahmed valve implantation with mitomycin C (MMC) was applied to 4 eyes. Two eyes underwent 5-fluorouracil needling revision with MMC. The IOP dropped in 3 eyes only in the case that the conventional topical corticosteroid agent was stopped, diagnosed as steroid responders. One eye of a patient with diabetes mellitus (DM) developed pseudophakic pupillary block angle-closure glaucoma due to the plasma glucose fluctuations. The IOP was controlled after Nd:YAG laser iridotomies. Residual cortex caused ocular hypertension in 2 eyes and surgical aspirations were performed. Following monitoring of IOP for 6 to 24 months, all eyes were within the normal range. Conclusions Patients with history of glaucoma surgery; high myopia, especially in young age; and DM merit particular observation and treatment for possible IOP elevation following cataract surgery.
Mortality in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Exfoliative Glaucoma
Authors: Tarkkanen Ahti H.A. , Kivelä Tero T. 
Published: May 2014

Purpose To study mortality among unselected Finnish patients with either primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) or exfoliative glaucoma (EG) after a minimum follow-up of 7 years after enrollment. Methods A total of 344 patients with POAG and 155 patients with EG had received free medication for the treatment of glaucoma from the Finnish National Social Insurance Institution (FSII). The FSII operates national health insurance, which is compulsory for all Finnish citizens. To be granted free medication, the patient has to file an application with a certificate from an ophthalmologist. If the predefined criteria for glaucoma specified by the Finnish Parliament are met, full reimbursement for glaucoma medications is granted and the patient is listed in the registry of FSII. We reviewed the records of 519 consecutive patients who had been diagnosed with glaucoma and to whom free medication had been granted between June 2004 and December 2005. Patients with acute glaucoma or secondary glaucoma were excluded. Those with open angles were classified into POAG or EG. The quality of the ophthalmologists’ records was high. The Finnish Population Registry, a governmental institute, provided information on those patients who had died before January 2013. Results At enrollment, the groups with POAG and EG were comparable as regards sex: 66% female with POAG and 68% with EG. The patients with POAG were younger (median 68 years) than those with EG (median 74 years). By January 2013, 59 patients with POAG and 48 with EG had died. At death, the patients with POAG were younger (median 81.8 years) than those with EG (87.9 years). In both groups, the women lived longer than the men, but among patients with POAG, women and men died at a younger age than those with EG. Conclusions As has been reported previously, life expectancy of patients with EG was longer when compared to those with POAG. Higher death rate among patients with EG is explained by higher median age at baseline.
Comparison of Visual Quality between Aspheric and Spherical IOLs
Authors: Yağcı Ramazan , Uzun Feyza , Acer Semra , Hepşen Ibrahim F. 
Published: May 2014

Purpose To determine if aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation produces the same degree of postoperative ocular aberration and contrast sensitivity as spherical IOL implantation. Methods In this randomized prospective comparative study, 60 eyes of 30 cataract surgery patients were randomly assigned to receive a spherical IOL (Rayner 620H) in one eye and an aspheric IOL (Rayner 920H) in the contralateral eye. All patients were examined at 1 month postoperatively. Primary outcomes of contrast sensitivity and ocular wavefront higher order aberrations (HOAs) were assessed. Results Aspheric IOLs (median total HOAs 0.26 root mean square [RMS]; range 0.13-0.82 RMS) produced significantly lower total HOAs than spherical IOLs (median total HOAs 0.34 RMS; range 0.18-1.08 RMS; p<0.05). Contrast sensitivity was significantly better with aspheric IOLs (median contrast sensitivity 1.8 log units; range 1.35-1.8 log units) than with spherical IOLs (median contrast sensitivity 1.65 log units; range 1.35-1.8 log units; p<0.05). Conclusions When compared with a structurally (platform and material) similar spherical IOL (Rayner 620H), aspheric IOLs (Rayner 920H) appear to significantly reduce HOAs and yield better levels of contrast sensitivity under photopic conditions.