bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity of Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) in Java based on Planting Sites
Authors: WIRAWAN SRI ROSSATI SETYA 
Published: July 2014

The research was to find out similarity among soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) cultivars in Java based on site planting by morphological taxonomy evidences. Fresh samples of soybean were collected from 20 sites in Java and 20 samples were collected in every site. Soybean was observed at flowering and seed maturing time. The similarity wasdetermined by Euclidean distance and clustered by average linkage. The result showed that soybean from Bantul wassplit by another 19 cultivars. The remaining cultivars were split into two groups. The first, i.e.: Tangerang, Garut, Wonogiri, Klaten, and Sukoharjo, and the second, i.e. Tuban, Wonosari, Pasuruan, Pati, Karawang, Yogyakarta, Sumedang, Purwokerto, Wates, Bojonegoro, Lumajang, Ngawi, Sleman, and Sukabumi. They were split into several little groups. The cultivars between Tuban and Wonosari, Ngawi and Sleman, also Tangerang and Garut had closed relationships.
Keywords: soybean, planting site, relationship.
Expanding the male ideal: The need for diversity in men’s fashion advertisements
Authors: Barry Ben 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
While an emerging stream of scholarship has focused on women’s perceptions of body diversity in fashion advertising, few studies have investigated men’s responses to diverse male models. Interviews with 30 men were conducted to examine how they interpret male models of various sizes, ages and races in fashion advertisements as well as how these models influence their body image and perceptions of the advertisement. Analysis revealed that men identified with models whom they shared physical traits, expressed aversion towards idealized bodies, rejected muscularity as a symbol of masculinity, and wanted to see more diverse models in fashion advertising. Participants expressed body anxiety and negative perceptions of advertisements when they viewed idealized models, whereas they communicated body satisfaction and favourable perceptions of advertising when the models reflected their bodies. Results from this study elucidate how men evaluate and respond to male models in fashion advertising and particularly highlight the influence of viewer – model similarity on men’s responses to models. Menswear brands are advised to cast models that reflect the diversity of their target market in order to foster body confidence and advertising effectiveness.
Transport model for disordered organic nanocomposites
Authors: Vercik Andrés 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTElectric transport in disordered media is usually explained in terms of different transport regimes, such as SCLC (Space Charge Limited Current) or TCLC (Trap Charge Limited Current) regimes. These models lead to exponential dependencies of the current on voltage, e.g., quadratic for SCLC or higher order for TCLC, with transition regions between them where fitting is poor. Alternatively, a statistical distribution in space and energy of the disordered traps, e.g., Gaussian or exponential, allows explaining transport in disordered materials. In this work, we propose a modeling based on the density of states (DOS) function, fitted from normalized differential conductivity curves obtained from experimental current-voltage curves. In general a Gaussian function is used for low energies whereas one or more exponential functions are used for higher energies. The proposed model is used to reproduce experimental current-voltage curves of organic nanocomposites, with gold and silver nanoparticles within chitosan matrixes. A unique expression is obtained for a very accurate fitting the experimental current-voltage characteristics in the whole voltage range without transition regions.
Antibacterial Activity of Sea Cucumbers Harvested from Karimunjawa
Authors: Pringgenies Delianis 
Published: July 2014

This research was conducted to discover bioactive compounds in sea cucumbers collected from Karimunjawa as anti-microbial agents against several pathogenic bacteria. Five sea cucumbers species used in this study were Teripang Gamat (Stichopus variegatus), Teripang Nanas (Stichopus chloronotus), Teripang Getah (Bohadschia mamorata), Teripang Emas (Stichopus herrmanni) and Teripang Babi (Bohadschia argus). Sea cucumbers extract were subjected to a series of anti-microbial tests using Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Vibrio anguila, Vibrio voinivica, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas sp. Results showed that in the preliminary study, tissue extract of Bohadschia mamorata and Bohadschia argus were able to suppress the growth of all tested bacteria. Further study used these two sea cucumber extracts, and the results show that Bohadschia mamorata extract at 10 mg/ml showed the largest antibacterial (2.18 mm) towards the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas sp., while the smallest antibacterial zone (0.63 mm) was against the growth of Bacillus subtilis. At the concentration level of 20 mg/ml Bohadschia argus extract showed the highest antibacterial zone of 3.68 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and the lowest inhibition zone (1.75 mm) against Pseudomonas sp.
Drinking with an Unsealed Tube: Fluid Uptake Along the Butterfly Proboscis
Authors: Kwauk Karena J , Hasegawa Daniel K , Lehnert Matthew S , Beard Charles E , Gerard Patrick D , Kornev Konstantin G , Adler Peter H 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Most adult Lepidoptera depend on a proboscis for fluid uptake. Although the proboscis has been regarded as a sealed tube with fluid uptake restricted to the distal end, recent evidence indicates that it is permeable along its entire length in at least some species. We, therefore, tested the effectiveness of the seal during feeding in four species of butterflies. Feeding rates in monarchs (Danaus plexippus L.), painted ladies (Vanessa cardui L.), and tiger swallowtails (Papilio glaucus L.) did not differ significantly when the proboscises were straightened and fully, versus partially, submersed in 1 or 15% sucrose solutions. To explore these results, we tested fluid uptake along the nearly transparent proboscises of buckeye butterflies (Junonia coenia Hübner) by applying colored droplets of water to the legular seam between the paired galeae. Colored fluid appeared in the food canal of straightened and naturally flexed proboscises within 10 s, regardless of whether the chemosensilla were stimulated with sugar. Statistically significant entry of fluid, however, occurred ≈30 s after droplets were applied and only if the proboscis was naturally flexed and stimulated with sucrose. The results suggest that fluid uptake along the length of the proboscis is influenced by changes in legular spacing when the butterfly naturally bends the proboscis and on activation of the cibarial pump when chemosensilla are stimulated with sugar.
An Improved Method for Accurate Phenotyping of Corn Stalk Strength
Authors: Robertson Daniel , Smith Simeon , Gardunia Brian , Cook Douglas 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTWeak stems or stalks in grass crop species increase the likelihood of stalk failure, thereby reducing yield. Three‐point bending tests are often employed in selective breeding studies to characterize stalk strength. However, it is hypothesized that the loading setup used during three‐point bending experiments may significantly alter test results. To investigate this hypothesis, two different loading configurations were employed in conducting three‐point bending experiments of corn (Zea mays L.) stalks. In the first configuration, stalks were loaded and supported at nodes. In the second configuration, stalks were loaded and supported at internodal segments. Significantly higher bending moments were experienced at internodal segments during the node‐loaded configuration than was required to fail the same segment during internode‐loaded tests. This is because the loading anvil significantly deforms the stalk's cross section when it is placed on an internodal segment, thereby inducing premature failure. In addition, internode‐loaded tests were observed to produce unnatural failure patterns, while node‐loaded tests demonstrated natural variability in failure location. While transverse deformation of the stalk cross section cannot be eliminated in three‐point bending tests, its effects can be mitigated by placing the loading anvil at nodal locations, which are much stiffer than internode regions. Maximizing the span length of bending tests likewise reduces transverse deformation of stalk cross sections. These results are relevant to selective breeding studies designed to produce lodging resistant crop hybrids.
MCNP simulation of the dose distribution in liver cancer treatment for BNC therapy
Authors: Krstic Dragana , Jovanovic Zoran , Markovic Vladimir , Nikezic Dragoslav , Urosevic Vlade 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is based on selective uptake of boron in tumour tissue compared to the surrounding normal tissue. Infusion of compounds with boron is followed by irradiation with neutrons. Neutron capture on 10B, which gives rise to an alpha particle and recoiled 7Li ion, enables the therapeutic dose to be delivered to tumour tissue while healthy tissue can be spared. Here, therapeutic abilities of BNCT were studied for possible treatment of liver cancer using thermal and epithermal neutron beam. For neutron transport MCNP software was used and doses in organs of interest in ORNL phantom were evaluated. Phantom organs were filled with voxels in order to obtain depth-dose distributions in them. The result suggests that BNCT using an epithermal neutron beam could be applied for liver cancer treatment.
Threshold conditions and bound states for locally periodic delta potentials
Authors: Dharani Marappan , Sahu Basudeb , Shastry Chakrakodi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present a systematic study of the conditions for the generation of threshold energy eigen states and also the energy spectrum generated by two types of locally periodic delta potentials each having the same strength λV and separation distance parameter a: (a) sum of N attractive potentials and (b) sum of pairs of attractive and repulsive potentials. Using the dimensionless parameter g = λV a in case (a) the values of g = g n, n = 1, 2, …, N at which threshold energy bound state gets generated are shown to be the roots of Nth order polynomial D 1(N, g) in g. We present an algebraic recursive procedure to evaluate the polynomial D 1(N, g) for any given N. This method obviates the need for the tedious mathematical analysis described in our earlier work to generate D 1(N, g). A similar study is presented for case (b). Using the properties of D 1(N, g) we establish that in case (a) the critical minimum value of g which guarantees the generation of the maximum possible number of bound states is g = 4. The corresponding result for case (b) is g = 2. A typical set of numerical results showing the pattern of variation of g n as a function of n and several interesting features of the energy spectrum for different values of g and N are also described.
Nutrition in acute pancreatitis: a review
Authors: Frutos Visitación , Herranz-Antolín Sandra , García-Martínez María 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We perform an update about nutritional measures that have been adopted in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP). The nutritional support is an essential part of treatment in AP. When the AP is mild or moderate, there is no doubt that is not necessary to use an artificial nutritional support, and it is recommended that oral nutritional support should begin as soon as possible. If the AP is severe, the best way to provide nutritional support is through enteral nutritional (EN) because it reduces infection, length of hospitalization and mortality rate. Parenteral nutrition (PN) should be used only when EN is Impossible. However, there is no scientific evidence for recommending the most optimal route necessary to administer this type of nutritional support; we seek to uncover whether this is by gastric or jejunal route and the proper formula to use. There is an international agreement that the nutritional support should begin quickly, within the first 24 and 72 hours of hospitalization. As conclusion, more research needs to be done concerning nutritional support in AP, and many questions are not been answered yet.
Modelling of catalytic hydrocracking and fractionation of refinery vacuum residue
Authors: Manek Eduard , Haydary Juma 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe main objective of this work was to create a kinetic model of refinery vacuum residue hydrocracking and to monitor the impact of the operating conditions on the product yields. Data and yield measurements were gathered from a residual hydrocracking unit (RHC). Reaction temperature ranged from 401°C to 412°C at the pressure of 18–20 MPa. A simplified kinetic yield model was applied; where the feed and each product fraction are represented by one lump (reactant or product of cracking) represented by the number of pseudo-components. The product fractions were determined by fractional distillation of the output mixture from the reactor. The kinetic model includes eight reaction steps and the following six fractions: vacuum residue, vacuum distillate, gas oil, kerosene, naphtha, and gas. In addition, a model for hydrodesulphurisation has been proposed. The average relative deviation between model and experimental yields was 5.36 %, and that for the sulphur conversion model was 1.04 %. An Excel file with the kinetic model was implemented in the Aspen Plus program using a user-defined model of the reactor. This model allows to input/output data between the Aspen Plus and Excel programs. The Excel subroutine calculates the reaction kinetics of cracking from the set temperature and residence time, and distributes the products into 30 pseudo-components created in the Aspen Plus program. The remaining part of the RHC unit was simulated in the Aspen Plus environment. The effects of the reaction conditions such as temperature and residence time on the conversion of the feed and on the distillation curves of the output mixture from the reactor were investigated. The model was verified by comparison of the distillation curves of simulated and real products.
Introduction to the GRADE Approach for Guideline Development: Considerations for Physical Therapist Practice
Authors: Austin Tricia M. , Richter Randy R. , Sebelski Chris A. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundPractice guidelines (guidelines) have an increasing role in health care delivery and are being published more frequently. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) is an approach for guideline development. The GRADE approach has been adopted by multiple national and international organizations producing guidelines related to physical therapist care.ObjectiveThe purpose of this article is to introduce physical therapists to the GRADE approach for guideline development.ResultsGRADE provides a consistent approach for guideline development and transparency in the communication of how the guidelines were developed and how the recommendations were reached, leading to informed choices by patients, clinicians, and policy makers in health care. GRADE leads to a clear distinction between the strength of the evidence and the recommendation. Both the direction (for or against) and the strength (weak or strong) of the recommendation are considered. For determining the strength of the recommendation, GRADE takes into account the quality of evidence, the balance of benefit and harm, uncertainty about or variability in patients' values and preferences, and uncertainty about whether the intervention is a wise use of resources.LimitationsThe GRADE approach has been used primarily with interventions and clinical questions and less often with questions related to diagnosis and prognosis.ConclusionsThe frequency of publication of guidelines is increasing. To make informed choices in the health care system, physical therapists should understand how guidelines are developed. The GRADE approach has been adopted by national and international organizations that produce guidelines relevant to physical therapist practice. Understanding the GRADE approach will enable physical therapists to make informed clinical choices.
Effect of local application of transforming growth factor–β at the nerve repair site following chronic axotomy and denervation on the expression of regeneration-associated genes
Authors: Sulaiman Wale , Dreesen Thomas D. 
Published: July 2014

Object
Although peripheral nerves can regenerate after traumatic injury, functional recovery is often suboptimal, especially after injuries to large nerve trunks such as the sciatic nerve or brachial plexus. Current research with animal models suggests that the lack of functional recovery resides in the lack of sufficient mature axons reaching their targets due to the loss of neurotrophic support by Schwann cells in the distal stump of injured nerves. This study was designed to investigate the effect of one-time application of transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) at the repair site of chronically injured nerve.

Methods
The authors used the rat tibial nerve injury and repair model to investigate the effects of application of physiological concentrations of TGF-β plus forskolin or forskolin alone in vivo at the repair site on gene and protein expression and axon regeneration at 6 weeks after nerve repair. They used gene expression profiling and immunohistochemical analysis of indicative activated proteins in Schwann cells to evaluate the effects of treatments on the delayed repair. They also quantified the regenerated axons distal to the repair site by microscopy of paraffin sections.

Results
Both treatment with forskolin only and treatment with TGF-β plus forskolin resulted in increased numbers of axons regenerated compared with saline-only control. There was robust activation and proliferation of both Schwann cells and macrophages reminiscent of the processes during Wallerian degeneration. The treatment also induced upregulation of genes implicated in cellular activation and growth as detected by gene array.

Conclusions
Addition of TGF-β plus forskolin to the repair after chronic nerve injury improved axonal regeneration, probably via upregulation of required genes, expression of growth-associated protein, and reactivation of Schwann cells and macrophages. Further studies are required to better understand the mechanism of the positive effect of TGF-β treatment on old nerve injuries.
Comparison of techniques for ventriculoperitoneal shunting in 523 patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Chalouhi Nohra , Whiting Alex , Anderson Eliza C. , Witte Samantha , Zanaty Mario , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Gonzalez L. Fernando , Hasan David , Starke Robert M. , Hann Shannon , Ghobrial George M. , Rosenwasser Robert , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: July 2014

Object
It is common practice to use a new contralateral bur hole for ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients with an existing ventriculostomy. At Thomas Jefferson University and Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, the authors have primarily used the ventriculostomy site for the VPS. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety of the 2 techniques in patients with SAH.

Methods
The rates of VPS-related hemorrhage, infection, and proximal revision were compared between the 2 techniques in 523 patients undergoing VPS placement (same site in 464 and contralateral site in 59 patients).

Results
The rate of new VPS-related hemorrhage was significantly higher in the contralateral-site group (1.7%) than in the same-site group (0%; p = 0.006). The rate of VPS infection did not differ between the 2 groups (6.4% for same site vs 5.1% for contralateral site; p = 0.7). In multivariate analysis, higher Hunt and Hess grades (p = 0.05) and open versus endovascular treatment (p = 0.04) predicted shunt infection, but the VPS technique was not a predictive factor (p = 0.9). The rate of proximal shunt revision was 6% in the same-site group versus 8.5% in the contralateralsite group (p = 0.4). In multivariate analysis, open surgery was the only factor predicting proximal VPS revision (p = 0.05).

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that the use of the ventriculostomy site for VPS placement may be feasible and safe and may not add morbidity (infection or need for revision) compared with the use of a fresh contralateral site. This rapid and simple technique also was associated with a lower risk of shunt-related hemorrhage. While both techniques appear to be feasible and safe, a definitive answer to the question of which technique is superior awaits a higher level of medical evidence.
Prognostic significance of blood-brain barrier disruption in patients with severe nonpenetrating traumatic brain injury requiring decompressive craniectomy
Authors: Ho Kwok M. , Honeybul Stephen , Yip Cheng B. , Silbert Benjamin I. 
Published: July 2014

Object
The authors assessed the risk factors and outcomes associated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in patients with severe, nonpenetrating, traumatic brain injury (TBI) requiring decompressive craniectomy.

Methods
At 2 major neurotrauma centers in Western Australia, a retrospective cohort study was conducted among 97 adult neurotrauma patients who required an external ventricular drain (EVD) and decompressive craniectomy during 2004–2012. Glasgow Outcome Scale scores were used to assess neurological outcomes. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with BBB disruption, defined by a ratio of total CSF protein concentrations to total plasma protein concentration > 0.007 in the earliest CSF specimen collected after TBI.

Results
Of the 252 patients who required decompressive craniectomy, 97 (39%) required an EVD to control intracranial pressure, and biochemical evidence of BBB disruption was observed in 43 (44%). Presence of disruption was associated with more severe TBI (median predicted risk for unfavorable outcome 75% vs 63%, respectively; p = 0.001) and with worse outcomes at 6, 12, and 18 months than was absence of BBB disruption (72% vs 37% unfavorable outcomes, respectively; p = 0.015). The only risk factor significantly associated with increased risk for BBB disruption was presence of nonevacuated intracerebral hematoma (> 1 cm diameter) (OR 3.03, 95% CI 1.23–7.50; p = 0.016). Although BBB disruption was associated with more severe TBI and worse long-term outcomes, when combined with the prognostic information contained in the Corticosteroid Randomization after Significant Head Injury (CRASH) prognostic model, it did not seem to add significant prognostic value (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.855 vs 0.864, respectively; p = 0.453).

Conclusions
Biochemical evidence of BBB disruption after severe nonpenetrating TBI was common, especially among patients with large intracerebral hematomas. Disruption of the BBB was associated with more severe TBI and worse long-term outcomes, but when combined with the prognostic information contained in the CRASH prognostic model, this information did not add significant prognostic value.