bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suitability Checks and Household Investments in Structured Products
Authors: Chang Eric C. , Tang Dragon Yongjun , Zhang Miao Ben 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe suitability of complex financial products for household investors is an important issue in light of consumer financial protection. The U.S. Dodd–Frank Act, for instance, mandates that distributors check suitability when selling structured products to retail investors. However, little empirical evidence exists on such transactions. Using data from Hong Kong, we find that investors purchase 8% more structured products, on average, when the suitability is not checked. The effect of suitability checks is more pronounced for less financially literate investors. Moreover, investors tend to buy products with lower risk-adjusted returns when product suitability is not checked.
‘Innocent’ Victims/‘Guilty’ Migrants: Hindi public sphere, caste and indentured women in colonial North India
Authors: GUPTA CHARU 
Published: August 2015

In this article footnote 70 on page 20 should include the following: ‘Quoted in Ashutosh Kumar, “Anti-Indenture Bhojpuri Folk Songs and Poems from North India”, Man in India, 93 (4), 2013, p. 512 [509–19].’On the same page, after the line ‘The victimized woman was glorified and acquired subjecthood only when she emulated the virtues and ideals of upper-caste Indian womanhood and wifely devotion, thereby overcoming the perceived stereotypes of Dalit woman’ the following footnote should have appeared: ‘Kumar, “Anti-Indenture Bhojpuri Folk Songs”, p. 513’.The author regrets the error.
Public Opinion towards Return Migration: A Survey Experiment of Chinese Netizens
Authors: Tai Qiuqing , Truex Rory 
Published: August 2015

AbstractChina has adopted preferential measures in hopes of luring back overseas talent, but what determines individual attitudes towards returning migrants and policies promoting return migration? This paper addresses this question using an original survey experiment of Chinese netizens. We argue that attitudes towards return migration are driven by two competing perceptions: on one hand, skilled migrants are widely thought to have beneficial effects on the local economy; on the other, domestic citizens may be wary of policies that offer elite returnees excessive benefits. The findings imply that the CCP may face a delicate trade-off between the economic benefits of return migration and the social costs of increasing inequality.
Sex differences in prevalence of overweight and obesity, and in extent of overweight index, in children and adolescents (3–18 years) from Kraków, Poland in 1983, 2000 and 2010
Authors: Kowal Małgorzata , Woronkowicz Agnieszka , Kryst Łukasz , Sobiecki Jan , Pilecki Maciej W 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among children is now an important health problem. This fact, however, does not reflect the scale of the problem. The aim of the present study was to find how much the BMI threshold was exceeded in a population from Kraków.DesignThe study was based on three cross-sectional surveys conducted in 1983, 2000 and 2010. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was estimated based on the International Obesity Task Force cut-off points. In addition to these, an extent of overweight (EOW) index was calculated.SettingPoland.SubjectsChildren aged 3–18 years (n14 534) from Kraków.ResultsBetween the populations examined in 1983 and 2010, the EOW index in boys rose by almost 10 %, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity by 39 %. In girls, however, the EOW index decreased by 45 %, while the prevalence of overweight and obesity remained at similar levels. Analyses in separate age groups showed that the EOW index increased only among early adolescents (150 % for boys, 94 % for girls) and late adolescents (390 % and 64 %, respectively).ConclusionsThe observed increased prevalence of overweight and obesity mainly concerned boys and was accompanied by an increase in the amount by which the BMI threshold values were exceeded.
Rechenleistung und Fingergnosie: Besteht ein Zusammenhang?
Authors: Kohn Juliane , Kucian Karin , Wuithschick Elisabeth , Mayer Verena , Rauscher Larissa , McCaskey Ursina , Käser Tanja , Poltz Nadine , Wyschkon Anne , Quandte Sabine , Esser Günter , von Aster Michael 
Published: August 2015

Zusammenfassung. Kinder nehmen oft automatisch ihre Finger zu Hilfe, um zu zählen und zu rechnen. Zudem scheint es so, dass Kinder, die ihre eigenen Finger bei geschlossenen Augen besser unterscheiden und benennen können (= Fingergnosie) auch bessere Rechner sind. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen Fingergnosie und Rechenleistung sowie Zahlenraumvorstellung bei Kindern mit und ohne unterdurchschnittliche Rechenleistungen zu untersuchen. Dazu wurden 53 unterdurchschnittliche und 62 durchschnittliche Rechner im Alter von 7 bis 11 Jahren getestet. Die Fingergnosie wurde mittels eines neu entwickelten Verfahrens erfasst. Über die klassische quantitative Methode der Fingergnosietestung (Fingergnosie-Anzahl) hinaus, wurde ein qualitatives Distanzmaß (Fingergnosie-Distanz) eingeführt. Diese beiden Maße wurden anschließend in Relation zu Variablen der Rechenleistung und Zahlenraumvorstellung gesetzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die qualitative Bestimmung der Fingergnosie das sensiblere Maß darstellt, was wahrscheinlich auf den erhöhten Schwierigkeitsgrad zurückzuführen ist. Es fanden sich allerdings lediglich Zusammenhänge der Fingergnosie-Distanz mit dem Erfassen von Punktmengen < 10 und der visuell-räumlichen Aufmerksamkeitsspanne. Keines der beiden Fingergnosiemaße wies signifikante Zusammenhänge zur Bearbeitung von Rechen- und Zahlenstrahlaufgaben sowie den Intelligenzmaßen und der Lese- und Rechtschreibleistung auf. Darüber hinaus unterschieden sich unterdurchschnittliche und durchschnittliche Rechner in keinem der Fingergnosiemaße. Demnach scheint bei Kindern im Alter zwischen 7 und 11 Jahren lediglich ein Zusammenhang zwischen der Fingergnosie und ganz basalen entwicklungspsychologisch frühen Zahlenverarbeitungsfähigkeiten zu bestehen, während keine Belege für eine Bedeutung der Fingergnosie für später erworbene höhere Rechenfertigkeiten gefunden wurden.
Competitive strategies differentiate closely related species of marine actinobacteria
Authors: Patin Nastassia V , Duncan Katherine R , Dorrestein Pieter C , Jensen Paul R 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Although competition, niche partitioning, and spatial isolation have been used to describe the ecology and evolution of macro-organisms, it is less clear to what extent these principles account for the extraordinary levels of bacterial diversity observed in nature. Ecological interactions among bacteria are particularly challenging to address due to methodological limitations and uncertainties over how to recognize fundamental units of diversity and link them to the functional traits and evolutionary processes that led to their divergence. Here we show that two closely related marine actinomycete species can be differentiated based on competitive strategies. Using a direct challenge assay to investigate inhibitory interactions with members of the bacterial community, we observed a temporal difference in the onset of inhibition. The majority of inhibitory activity exhibited by Salinispora arenicola occurred early in its growth cycle and was linked to antibiotic production. In contrast, most inhibition by Salinispora tropica occurred later in the growth cycle and was more commonly linked to nutrient depletion or other sources. Comparative genomics support these differences, with S. arenicola containing nearly twice the number of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters as S. tropica, indicating a greater potential for secondary metabolite production. In contrast, S. tropica is enriched in gene clusters associated with the acquisition of growth-limiting nutrients such as iron. Coupled with differences in growth rates, the results reveal that S. arenicola uses interference competition at the expense of growth, whereas S. tropica preferentially employs a strategy of exploitation competition. The results support the ecological divergence of two co-occurring and closely related species of marine bacteria by providing evidence they have evolved fundamentally different strategies to compete in marine sediments.
A genome-wide analysis of putative functional and exonic variation associated with extremely high intelligence
Authors: Spain S L , Pedroso I , Kadeva N , Miller M B , Iacono W G , McGue M , Stergiakouli E , Smith G D , Putallaz M , Lubinski D , Meaburn E L , Plomin R , Simpson M A 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Although individual differences in intelligence (general cognitive ability) are highly heritable, molecular genetic analyses to date have had limited success in identifying specific loci responsible for its heritability. This study is the first to investigate exome variation in individuals of extremely high intelligence. Under the quantitative genetic model, sampling from the high extreme of the distribution should provide increased power to detect associations. We therefore performed a case–control association analysis with 1409 individuals drawn from the top 0.0003 (IQ >170) of the population distribution of intelligence and 3253 unselected population-based controls. Our analysis focused on putative functional exonic variants assayed on the Illumina HumanExome BeadChip. We did not observe any individual protein-altering variants that are reproducibly associated with extremely high intelligence and within the entire distribution of intelligence. Moreover, no significant associations were found for multiple rare alleles within individual genes. However, analyses using genome-wide similarity between unrelated individuals (genome-wide complex trait analysis) indicate that the genotyped functional protein-altering variation yields a heritability estimate of 17.4% (s.e. 1.7%) based on a liability model. In addition, investigation of nominally significant associations revealed fewer rare alleles associated with extremely high intelligence than would be expected under the null hypothesis. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that rare functional alleles are more frequently detrimental than beneficial to intelligence.
Universal self-field critical current for thin-film superconductors
Authors: Talantsev E. F. , Tallon J. L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFor any practical superconductor the magnitude of the critical current density, Jc, is crucially important. It sets the upper limit for current in the conductor. Usually Jc falls rapidly with increasing external magnetic field, but even in zero external field the current flowing in the conductor generates a self-field that limits Jc. Here we show for thin films of thickness less than the London penetration depth, λ, this limiting Jc adopts a universal value for all superconductors—metals, oxides, cuprates, pnictides, borocarbides and heavy Fermions. For type-I superconductors, it is Hc/λ where Hc is the thermodynamic critical field. But surprisingly for type-II superconductors, we find the self-field Jc is Hc1/λ where Hc1 is the lower critical field. Jc is thus fundamentally determined and this provides a simple means to extract absolute values of λ(T) and, from its temperature dependence, the symmetry and magnitude of the superconducting gap.
Nanoscale switch for vortex polarization mediated by Bloch core formation in magnetic hybrid systems
Authors: Wohlhüter Phillip , Bryan Matthew Thomas , Warnicke Peter , Gliga Sebastian , Stevenson Stephanie Elizabeth , Heldt Georg , Saharan Lalita , Suszka Anna Kinga , Moutafis Christoforos , Chopdekar Rajesh Vilas , Raabe Jörg , Thomson Thomas , Hrkac Gino , Heyderman Laura Jane 
Published: August 2015

AbstractVortices are fundamental magnetic topological structures characterized by a curling magnetization around a highly stable nanometric core. The control of the polarization of this core and its gyration is key to the utilization of vortices in technological applications. So far polarization control has been achieved in single-material structures using magnetic fields, spin-polarized currents or spin waves. Here we demonstrate local control of the vortex core orientation in hybrid structures where the vortex in an in-plane Permalloy film coexists with out-of-plane maze domains in a Co/Pd multilayer. The vortex core reverses its polarization on crossing a maze domain boundary. This reversal is mediated by a pair of magnetic singularities, known as Bloch points, and leads to the transient formation of a three-dimensional magnetization structure: a Bloch core. The interaction between vortex and domain wall thus acts as a nanoscale switch for the vortex core polarization.
Nonsynaptic junctions on myelinating glia promote preferential myelination of electrically active axons
Authors: Wake Hiroaki , Ortiz Fernando C. , Woo Dong Ho , Lee Philip R. , Angulo María Cecilia , Fields R. Douglas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe myelin sheath on vertebrate axons is critical for neural impulse transmission, but whether electrically active axons are preferentially myelinated by glial cells, and if so, whether axo-glial synapses are involved, are long-standing questions of significance to nervous system development, plasticity and disease. Here we show using an in vitro system that oligodendrocytes preferentially myelinate electrically active axons, but synapses from axons onto myelin-forming oligodendroglial cells are not required. Instead, vesicular release at nonsynaptic axo-glial junctions induces myelination. Axons releasing neurotransmitter from vesicles that accumulate in axon varicosities induces a local rise in cytoplasmic calcium in glial cell processes at these nonsynaptic functional junctions, and this signalling stimulates local translation of myelin basic protein to initiate myelination.
Harmonic force spectroscopy measures load-dependent kinetics of individual human β-cardiac myosin molecules
Authors: Sung Jongmin , Nag Suman , Mortensen Kim I. , Vestergaard Christian L. , Sutton Shirley , Ruppel Kathleen , Flyvbjerg Henrik , Spudich James A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMolecular motors are responsible for numerous cellular processes from cargo transport to heart contraction. Their interactions with other cellular components are often transient and exhibit kinetics that depend on load. Here, we measure such interactions using ‘harmonic force spectroscopy’. In this method, harmonic oscillation of the sample stage of a laser trap immediately, automatically and randomly applies sinusoidally varying loads to a single motor molecule interacting with a single track along which it moves. The experimental protocol and the data analysis are simple, fast and efficient. The protocol accumulates statistics fast enough to deliver single-molecule results from single-molecule experiments. We demonstrate the method’s performance by measuring the force-dependent kinetics of individual human β-cardiac myosin molecules interacting with an actin filament at physiological ATP concentration. We show that a molecule’s ADP release rate depends exponentially on the applied load, in qualitative agreement with cardiac muscle, which contracts with a velocity inversely proportional to external load.
Spatiotemporal regulation of Heterochromatin Protein 1- alpha oligomerization and dynamics in live cells
Authors: Hinde Elizabeth , Cardarelli Francesco , Gratton Enrico 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHeterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) is a central factor in establishing and maintaining the heterochromatin state. As consequence of playing a structural role in heterochromatin, HP1 proteins can have both an activating as well as repressive function in gene expression. Here we probe how oligomerisation of the HP1-α isoform modulates interaction with chromatin, by spatially resolved fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). We find from fluctuation analysis of HP1-α dynamics that this isoform exists as a dimer around the periphery of heterochromatin foci and these foci locally rotate with characteristic turn rates that range from 5–100ms. From inhibition of HP1-α homo-oligomerization we find the slow turn rates (20–100 ms) are dimer dependent. From treatment with drugs that disrupt or promote chromatin compaction, we find that HP1-α dimers spatially redistribute to favor fast (5–10 ms) or slow (20–100 ms) turn rates. Collectively our results demonstrate HP1-α oligomerization is critical to the maintenance of heterochromatin and the tunable dynamics of this HP1 isoform.
A Polymer Lithium-Oxygen Battery
Authors: Elia Giuseppe Antonio , Hassoun Jusef 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHerein we report the characteristics of a lithium-oxygen battery using a solid polymer membrane as the electrolyte separator. The polymer electrolyte, fully characterized in terms of electrochemical properties, shows suitable conductivity at room temperature allowing the reversible cycling of the Li-O2battery with a specific capacity as high as 25,000 mAh gC−1reflected in a surface capacity of 12.5 mAh cm−2. The electrochemical formation and dissolution of the lithium peroxide during Li-O2polymer cell operation is investigated by electrochemical techniques combined with X-ray diffraction study, demonstrating the process reversibility. The excellent cell performances in terms of delivered capacity, in addition to its solid configuration allowing the safe use of lithium metal as high capacity anode, demonstrate the suitability of the polymer lithium-oxygen as high-energy storage system.
Approaching rational epitope vaccine design for hepatitis C virus with meta-server and multivalent scaffolding
Authors: He Linling , Cheng Yushao , Kong Leopold , Azadnia Parisa , Giang Erick , Kim Justin , Wood Malcolm R. , Wilson Ian A. , Law Mansun , Zhu Jiang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDevelopment of a prophylactic vaccine against hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been hampered by the extraordinary viral diversity and the poor host immune response. Scaffolding, by grafting an epitope onto a heterologous protein scaffold, offers a possible solution to epitope vaccine design. In this study, we designed and characterized epitope vaccine antigens for the antigenic sites of HCV envelope glycoproteins E1 (residues 314–324) and E2 (residues 412–423), for which neutralizing antibody-bound structures are available. We first combined six structural alignment algorithms in a “scaffolding meta-server” to search for diverse scaffolds that can structurally accommodate the HCV epitopes. For each antigenic site, ten scaffolds were selected for computational design and the resulting epitope scaffolds were analyzed using structure-scoring functions and molecular dynamics simulation. We experimentally confirmed that three E1 and five E2 epitope scaffolds bound to their respective neutralizing antibodies, but with different kinetics. We then investigated a “multivalent scaffolding” approach by displaying 24 copies of an epitope scaffold on a self-assembling nanoparticle, which markedly increased the avidity of antibody binding. Our study thus demonstrates the utility of a multi-scale scaffolding strategy in epitope vaccine design and provides promising HCV immunogens for further assessment in vivo.
Maximal rectification ratios for idealized bi-segment thermal rectifiers
Authors: Shih Tien-Mo , Gao Zhaojing , Guo Ziquan , Merlitz Holger , Pagni Patrick J. , Chen Zhong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThermal rectifiers whose forward heat fluxes are greater than reverse counterparts have been extensively studied. Here we have discovered, idealized and derived the ultimate limit of such rectification ratios, which are partially validated by numerical simulations, experiments and micro-scale Hamiltonian-oscillator analyses. For rectifiers whose thermal conductivities (κ) are linear with the temperature, this limit is simply a numerical value of 3. For those whose conductivities are nonlinear with temperatures, the maxima equal κmax/κmin, where two extremes denote values of the solid segment materials that can be possibly found or fabricated within a reasonable temperature range. Recommendations for manufacturing high-ratio rectifiers are also given with examples. Under idealized assumptions, these proposed rectification limits cannot be defied by any bi-segment thermal rectifiers.
Glucocorticoid affects dendritic transport of BDNF-containing vesicles
Authors: Adachi Naoki , Numakawa Tadahiro , Nakajima Shingo , Fukuoka Masashi , Odaka Haruki , Katanuma Yusuke , Ooshima Yoshiko , Hohjoh Hirohiko , Kunugi Hiroshi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is essential for neuronal survival, differentiation and functions in the central nervous system (CNS). Because BDNF protein is sorted into secretory vesicles at the trans-Golgi network in the cell body after translation, transport of BDNF-containing vesicles to the secretion sites is an important process for its function. Here we examined the effect of dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid, on BDNF-containing vesicle transport and found that DEX decreased the proportion of stationary vesicles and increased velocity of the microtubule-based vesicle transport in dendrites of cortical neurons. Furthermore, DEX increased huntingtin (Htt) protein levels via glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation and reduction in the amount of Htt by a specific shRNA reversed the action of DEX on BDNF vesicle transport. Given that Htt protein is a positive regulator for the microtubule-dependent vesicular transport in neurons, our data suggest that glucocorticoid stimulates BDNF vesicle transport through upregulation of Htt protein levels.
Robust quantum control using smooth pulses and topological winding
Authors: Barnes Edwin , Wang Xin , Das Sarma S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe greatest challenge in achieving the high level of control needed for future technologies based on coherent quantum systems is the decoherence induced by the environment. Here, we present an analytical approach that yields explicit constraints on the driving field which are necessary and sufficient to ensure that the leading-order noise-induced errors in a qubit’s evolution cancel exactly. We derive constraints for two of the most common types of noise that arise in qubits: slow fluctuations of the qubit energy splitting and fluctuations in the driving field itself. By theoretically recasting a phase in the qubit’s wavefunction as a topological winding number, we can satisfy the noise-cancelation conditions by adjusting driving field parameters without altering the target state or quantum evolution. We demonstrate our method by constructing robust quantum gates for two types of spin qubit: phosphorous donors in silicon and nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond.
Thermal Transport in Fullerene Derivatives Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Chen Liang , Wang Xiaojia , Kumar Satish 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn order to study the effects of alkyl chain on the thermal properties of fullerene derivatives, we perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to predict the thermal conductivity of fullerene (C60) and its derivative phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The results of non-equilibrium MD simulations show a length-dependent thermal conductivity for C60but not for PCBM. The thermal conductivity of C60,obtained from the linear extrapolation of inverse conductivity vs. inverse length curve, is 0.2  W m−1 K−1at room temperature, while the thermal conductivity of PCBM saturates at ~0.075  W m−1 K−1around 20 nm. The different length-dependence behavior of thermal conductivity indicates that the long-wavelength and low-frequency phonons have large contribution to the thermal conduction in C60. The decrease in thermal conductivity of fullerene derivatives can be attributed to the reduction in group velocities, the decrease of the frequency range of acoustic phonons and the strong scattering of low-frequency phonons with the alkyl chains due to the significant mismatch of vibrational density of states in low frequency regime between buckyball and alkyl chains in PCBM.