bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Strategies for the Management of Macromastia and Breast Ptosis for Patients Undergoing Nipple-sparing Mastectomy
Authors: Moreira Andrea A. , Kozorosky Erica , Coopey Suzanne B. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHigh-volume breasts pose challenges for nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) due to their large size, indistinct tissue boundaries, and high degree of ptosis. Historically, NSM was not considered feasible for such cases, but advancements in surgical techniques have expanded eligibility criteria.We developed a surgical algorithm for patients with macromastia and ptosis undergoing NSM. We also outline techniques for preserving the nipple–areolar complex (NAC) based on the severity of macromastia and breast ptosis, especially when immediate mastopexy/reduction is required during mastectomy. The proposed algorithm provides a practical guide for surgeons managing these complex cases.By employing carefully selected approaches, it is possible to successfully preserve the NAC in high-volume breasts undergoing NSM. This broader eligibility criteria not only accommodates a more diverse patient population but also enhances their quality of life and improves aesthetic outcomes.Advancements in surgical techniques have made NSM a viable option for breast reconstruction in high-volume breasts. By addressing challenges and preserving the NAC through carefully selected approaches, surgeons can improve outcomes and quality of life for patients undergoing NSM.
The Challenges and Considerations with Autologous Rib Microtia Reconstruction
Authors: Liu Yi-Chun C. , Mukerji Shraddha , Truong Mai Thy 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMicrotia encompasses a spectrum of congenital pinna malformation. Autologous rib reconstruction is a widely utilized surgical reconstruction technique for microtia. The surgery presents various challenges that can impact surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction. Sculpting and shaping the cartilage into a detailed auricular framework poses is a technically difficult surgery due to the complexity of the ear's anatomy. Postoperative complications such as scar formation, infection, and framework resorption may lead to poor aesthetic outcomes like asymmetry of the reconstructed ear and inadequate projection. Patient-related factors, such as age, rib cartilage quality and quantity, and psychological expectations, also play critical roles in determining success. Additionally, the surgeon's experience and expertise heavily influence the reconstruction's quality.This paper explores the challenges microtia surgeons face during the reconstruction process, emphasizing technical, patient-specific, and postoperative challenges. It underscores the importance of comprehensive preoperative planning, advanced surgical training, and ongoing research to mitigate these challenges and optimize outcomes in autologous rib microtia reconstruction.
Is Cauda Equina Involvement Related to BK Virus in Patients with Combined Immunodeficiency?
Authors: Sonmez Gamze , Kalaycı Fatma Naz Cemre , Gocmen Rahsan , Ozsurekcı Yasemin , Cagdas Deniz 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe BK virus, an unenveloped double-stranded DNA virus, infects up to 90% of the population, The virus often remains dormant but can reactivate and cause illness under conditions of impaired cellular immunity. It can cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and has been implicated in a variety of conditions, including encephalitis, nephritis, cystitis, and retinitis. This report explores neurological symptoms linked to the BK virus, focusing on its potential role in spinal cord pathology in patients with combined immunodeficiency by presenting and analyzing two distinct case studies. Although not commonly associated with neurological disorders, there are rarely reports of BK virus involvement in central nervous system diseases.
Perspective: magnetic quantum sensors for biomedical applications
Authors: Wu Kai , He Rui 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With advancements in thin-film deposition, nanofabrication, and material characterization techniques, quantum devices leveraging nanoscale quantum phenomena have emerged across various fields, including quantum computing, sensing, communication, and metrology. Among these, quantum sensing harnesses the unique properties of quantum systems to achieve highly sensitive and precise measurements of physical quantities such as magnetic and electric fields, temperature, pressure, and even biological events. In this perspective, we highlight some popular magnetic quantum sensors used for magnetic sensing and imaging, and emerging spintronic quantum sensors that exploit the quantum mechanical properties of electron spin for similar applications. Most of the techniques discussed remain in lab-based stages, with limited preliminary data reported. However, the authors believe that, with continued progress in spintronics, these nano- and micro-scale spintronic devices—offering superior and unique magnetic quantum properties—could open new horizons in biomedical applications, including single-cell and single-molecule detection, large-scale protein profiling, sub-micrometer resolution medical imaging, and beyond.
Floquet engineering of topological semimetals with bicircularly polarized light
Authors: Ganguli Maitri , Jana Aneek , Narayan Awadhesh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the effect of illumination of bicircularly polarized light (BCL) on topological semimetals, namely multifold fermion and line-node semimetals. We demonstrate, by means of both low-energy and lattice models, that the band-structures of both multifold fermions and line-node semimetal exhibit rich features with BCL illumination. For multifold fermions, we show that if the relative amplitude, r, between the two frequency components of the BCL is related to the relative frequency, η, in such a way that

r
2

=
η

, then the band touching points remain unchanged without any shift or band gap opening for any choice of the material-dependent parameters. For other choices of the BCL parameters, we find both gapped phases as well as gapless phases with shifted band touching points. Line-node semimetals also exhibit diverse phases, ranging from protected line-nodes under illumination to point nodes, by tuning the BCL parameters r and η. Overall, our analytical and numerical results establish BCL as a versatile tool for obtaining tunable topological phases which can be potentially observed in future experiments with BCL.
Design and nonlinear stability analysis of a micro giant magnetostrictive bone conduction vibrator
Authors: Fu Xin , Yan Hongbo , Ai Chaohui , Wang Jianxin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Due to the excellent energy conversion engineering characteristics of giant magnetostrictive material, a giant magnetostrictive bone conduction micro-vibrator is proposed and designed. Based on the performance parameters of the existing bone conduction vibrator, the optimal preload stress and magnetic field strength of the Terfenol-D rod are selected, and the geometric parameters of the Terfenol-D rod and the optimal design of the excitation coil parameters are calculated and determined. Based on Newton’s second law, the hysteresis nonlinear dynamic equation of the Terfenol-D bone conduction vibrator is established. After dimension normalization, the primary resonance response of the oscillator is analyzed using a multi-scale method. The system’s dynamic characteristics under excitation amplitude and frequency influence are studied qualitatively and quantitatively. The displacement test system is built, and the corresponding experimental verification is carried out. The results show that under the condition of meeting the requirements of performance parameters, the size of the excitation coil module is ϕ 6.7 × 7.15 mm, and the overall contour size of the Terfenol-D vibrator is as small as ϕ 17 × 19 mm, which meets the miniaturization design requirements of the bone conduction vibrator. The excitation amplitude has chaotic characteristics in the interval (1.72, 2.53 ) and (2.58, 3), and the excitation frequency has chaotic characteristics in the interval (1.68, 2). Avoiding its chaotic region can effectively improve the stability of the system. At 10 mA and a driving frequency of 1.5 kHz, the relative error of the maximum response peak between the experimental test and the theoretical calculation is only 2.67%, which verifies the accuracy and effectiveness of the theoretical model. The research results provide a new technical scheme and reference for structural design optimization of bone conduction oscillators, which helps promote technological progress and application expansion in this field.
Investigation of photo-stable ZnS quantum dots as a foreign component in polymer solar cell
Authors: Oseni Saheed O , Oluwalana-Sanusi Abimbola E , Ogundele Abiodun K , Kesinro Olasunkanmi R , Kawojue Faidat M , Boyo Adenike O 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The demand for clean energy has attracted global researchers to seek alternative energy sources. Among the resources, solar power offers great potential as it is inexhaustible. Organic solar cells, a third-generation thin-film-based solar cell, have drawn broad interest owing to their flexibility, low cost of production, fast roll-to-roll (R2R) production, and non-toxicity as compared to traditional silicon-based solar cells. In this work, the photoactive layer was modified to include zinc sulfide (ZnS) quantum dots (QDs) to improve the device’s power conversion efficiency (PCE). To examine the impact of QDs in the solar cell, a blend of Poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) donor polymer and Phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) acceptor molecules was employed in the active layer of a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) configuration. The PCE of the device was determined at different concentrations. The active layer’s embedded QDs’ tunable energy levels improved the interpenetrating network and made it easier for charge carriers to be transported. The overall PCE of the device was observed to increase gradually from 2.72% for the pristine cell to 2.74% at 1% concentration, then 5.18% at 3% concentration, after which it decreased to 2.83% at 5% concentration.
Spin-controlled compact metalens based on the integration of Pancharatnam-Berry phase and Fresnel zone plate
Authors: Li Xing , Su Zhaoxia , Zhang Qi , Li Zhenhua , Wang Sen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
By integrating Fresnel zone plates (FZP) with Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phases, spin-controlled compact metalenses for multidimensional focusing are demonstrated. The position of the focal point can be modulated transversally and longitudinally by changing the PB phase profiles encoded into the FZP and adjusting the spin state of the incident circularly polarized (CP) waves. Concretely, combining an amplitude-type FZP (AFZP) with linear PB phase or spherical phase creates two focal points with orthogonal spin states in the transversal or longitudinal direction. On the other hand, for the phase-type FZP (PFZP), only single focus can be generated and manipulated due to the pure PB phase modulation. Moreover, multifocus modulation along the transversal or longitudinal direction can be achieved by encoding two kinds of PB phases into PFZP. This spin-controlled compact metalens combining the traditional FZP and recent metasurfaces offers a flexible approach for designing spin-controlled metadevices, with potential applications in multifunctional imaging and optical data processing.
In-depth Study of Spin- and Momentum-Dependent Interaction Potentials Between Two Spin-1/2 Fermions Mediated by Light Spin-0 Particles
Authors: Zhong Yang , Guo Zhi-Hui , Zhou Hai-Qing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We present a calculation by including the relativistic and off-shell contributions to the interaction potentials between two spin-1/2 fermions mediated by the exchange of light spin-0 particles, in both momentum and coordinate spaces. Our calculation is based on the four-point Green function rather than the scattering amplitude. Among the sixteen potential components, eight that vanish in the non-relativistic limit are shown to acquire nonzero relativistic and off-shell corrections. In addition to providing relativistic and off-shell corrections to the operator basis commonly used in the literature, we introduce an alternative operator basis that facilitates the derivation of interaction potentials in coordinate space. Furthermore, we calculate both the long-range and short-range components of the potentials, which can be useful for future experimental analyses at both macroscopic and atomic scales.
The DAQ software for ATLAS Inner Pixel Tracker system testing for HL-LHC
Authors: Rastogi Angira ,   the ATLAS collaboration
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The ATLAS experiment is preparing for the High-Luminosity LHC era, by replacing the
current innermost detector with an advanced all-silicon tracker (pixels and strips) to withstand
radiation damage and increased particle activity. Pixel module quality control tests span various
production stages which necessitates a robust data acquisition software capable of handling high
data rates for fast readout and performing calibrations at MHz frequencies on several front-ends
simultaneously. Yet Another Rapid Readout software, adaptable to diverse hardware platforms
including ATLAS Phase-II readout board, facilitates these testing scenarios. This contribution
highlights YARR's key features and developments towards benchmarking the performance of the ATLAS
inner tracker pixel modules using the official ATLAS Phase-II readout system.
Exploring blood oxygenation through photocatalytic activity using microwave assisted hydrothermally crystallized TiO2 nanotubes
Authors: Garlapally Raghavendra , Manmadha Rao B 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Anodically crystallized TiO2 nanotubes through microwave-assisted hydrothermal technique results in formation of granular morphology with anatase phase. Field emission scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction studies indicate the granular morphology of TiO2 nanotubes while retaining the anatase phase. Diffuse reflectance and photo luminescence spectroscopy analysis reveal band gap of fabricated TiO2 nanotubes as 2.90 eV and the position of defect states 0.86 eV below the conduction band. Investigations of x-ray photo-electron and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy reveal the presence of oxygen vacancy related defect states. The color change of blood through photocatalytic activity indicates production of oxygen in the blood. The UV–visible absorption studies on diluted blood indicate an enhancement in blood oxygenation, which is consistent with the results of a standard hemoglobin test. The utilization of an optical microscope has facilitated the examination of the structural composition of red blood cells, which has led to the observation of no hemolysis subsequent to photocatalytic activity.
Synthesis and characterization of berberine-loaded nanoliposome for targeting of MAPK pathway to induce apoptosis and suppression of autophagy in glioblastoma
Authors: Xi Min , Kia Somayeh Hasani , Shi Hangyu , Dong Xinya , Shi Yongqiang , Zhang Luyi , Jiang Bin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor, demands innovative therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Addressing this urgent need, our study focuses on developing a berberine (BBR)-loaded nanoliposome (NL) as a targeted drug delivery system to combat GBM. Synthesized using the thin film hydration method and characterized through advanced physical and spectroscopic techniques, these NLs demonstrate promising potential in enhancing BBR’s therapeutic efficacy. The NL formulation achieved an impressive loading efficiency of 65.71 ± 1.31% with a particle size of 83 ± 12 nm, ensuring optimal delivery. Sustained release experiments revealed that 82.65 ± 1.75% of the encapsulated BBR was consistently released over 48 h, highlighting its controlled release capabilities. In vitro assays, including cell viability, TUNEL, and western blot analysis, confirmed the potent anti-cancer effects of NL-BBR. The formulation significantly disrupted the metabolism of U-87 glioblastoma cells, inducing enhanced autophagy and apoptosis, ultimately leading to cell death via intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Additionally, western blot results demonstrated that NL-BBR effectively suppressed the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, a critical driver of GBM progression. This study underscores the transformative potential of incorporating BBR into NLs, which not only enhances its solubility and bioavailability but also significantly amplifies its therapeutic impact. These findings pave the way for advanced nano-based interventions in GBM treatment, offering a glimmer of hope for improved outcomes in this challenging cancer landscape.
Turn-to-turn friction enhancement in high-temperature superconducting coils for mechanical stability under lorentz force
Authors: Noh Hyun Sung , Kim Younghoon , Sun Minkyu , Kim Jungmin , Lee Jongsung , Kim Kihong , Elayappan Vijayakumar , Mtangi Mohamed Mussa , Jang Wonseok , Hahn Seungyong , Lee Haigun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
High-temperature superconducting coils subjected to ultra-high magnetic fields undergo mechanical deformation due to the Lorentz force generated by the magnetic field. Recent attempts to prevent this deformation have proposed the use of overbanding technology, which entails surrounding the outermost turn of the coil with a high-strength material such as stainless steel, as an optimal alternative. However, the disadvantage of overbanding in terms of thermal/electrical protection of the coil has been emphasized because the stainless steel surrounding the coil reduces the operating efficiency of the coil by preventing the dissipation of joule heat and current when quenched. In this study, our approach to prevent the deformation of the coil without applying such overbanding was to intentionally abrade the surface of the high-temperature superconducting tape using sandpaper with different friction coefficients. This enabled us to fabricate coils with different turn-to-turn friction forces, which prevented the deformation of the coil by using the turn-to-turn friction force generated by the abrasion. The electromechanical tests we performed on the coil in a liquid nitrogen bath (77 K) confirmed that, compared to the coil without surface treatment, the coils fabricated by abrading the surfaces of the high-temperature superconducting tape exhibited decreased deformation even when the same Lorentz force was applied.
Enhancing digital circuit functionality with a hybrid CMOS-memristor non-volatile D latch: efficiency, reliability, and application
Authors: S Haroon Rasheed , Nelapati Rajeev Pankaj 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the rapid emergence of silicon scaling limitations and ongoing challenges such as the Von Neumann bottleneck, the need for alternative computing paradigms is increasingly essential. One of the most promising solutions is in-memory computation, enabled by memristive technology. In this work, we propose a Hybrid CMOS-Memristor (HCM) non-volatile D latch that capitalizes on the unique resistive switching properties of memristors to achieve enhanced digital circuit performance with fewer components. Functional correctness is validated through PVT analysis and Monte Carlo simulations, ensuring robust functionality across various operating conditions. The results demonstrate that the proposed design outperform other memristor based latches, offering faster switching times, reduced delay and area, and a wider threshold voltage range. Additionally, the design is extended to implement a D Flip-Flop (DFF) and a Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG). These features make the proposed designs particularly suitable for unstable power environments, where reliability and efficiency are critical. Overall, the advancements presented in this work contribute to the development of efficient and scalable digital circuits, demonstrating significant potential for real-world applications.
The city and forest bird flock together in a common garden: genetic and environmental effects drive urban phenotypic divergence
Authors: Thompson Megan J , Réale Denis , Chenet Baptiste , Delaitre Ségolene , Fargevieille Amélie , Romans Marc , Caro Samuel P , Charmantier Anne 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Urban phenotypic divergences are documented across diverse taxa, but the underlying genetic and environmental drivers behind these phenotypic changes are unknown in most wild urban systems. We conduct a common garden experiment using great tit (Parus major) eggs collected along an urbanization gradient to: 1) determine whether documented morphological, physiological, and behavioural shifts in wild urban great tits are maintained in birds from urban and forest origins reared in a common garden (N = 73) and 2) evaluate how different sources of genetic, early maternal investment, and later environmental variation contributed to trait variation in the experiment. In line with the phenotypic divergence in the wild, common garden birds from urban origins had faster breath rates (i.e., higher stress response) and were smaller than birds from forest origins, while wild differences in aggression and exploration were not maintained in the experiment. Differences between individuals (genetic and environmentally induced) explained the most trait variation, while variation among foster nests and captive social groups was limited. Our results provide trait-specific evidence of evolution in an urban species where genetic change likely underlies urban differences in morphology and stress physiology, but that urban behavioural divergences are more strongly driven by plasticity.
A semidominant point mutation of Mediator tail subunit MED5b in Arabidopsis leads to altered enrichment of H3K27me3 and reduced expression of targets of MYC2
Authors: Long Jiaxin , Sliger Shelby , Luo Zhi-Wei , Pascuzzi Pete E , Chapple Clint , Ogas Joe 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Mediator complex coordinates regulatory input for transcription driven by RNA polymerase II in eukaryotes. reduced epidermal fluorescence4-3 (ref4-3) is a semidominant mutation that results in a single amino acid substitution in the Mediator tail subunit Med5b. Previous characterization of ref4-3 revealed altered expression of a variety of loci in Arabidopsis, including those contributing to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Examination of existing RNA-seq data indicated that loci enriched for the transcriptionally repressive chromatin modification H3K27me3 are overrepresented among genes that are misregulated in ref4-3. We used ChIP-seq and RNA-seq to examine the possibility that perturbation of H3K27me3 homeostasis in ref4-3 plants contributed to altered transcript levels. We observed that ref4-3 results in a modest global reduction of H3K27me3 at enriched loci and that this reduction is not dependent on gene expression; however, altered H3K27me3 was not strongly predictive of altered expression in ref4-3 plants. Instead, our analyses revealed a substantial enrichment of targets of the MYC2 transcriptional regulator among genes that exhibit decreased expression in ref4-3. Consistent with previous characterization of ref4-3, we observed that ref4-3-dependent decreased expression of MYC2 targets can be suppressed by loss of another Mediator tail subunit, MED25. This observation is consistent with previous biochemical characterization of MYC2. Our data highlight the diverse and distinct impacts that a single amino acid change in the tail subunit of Mediator can have on transcriptional circuits and raise the prospect that Mediator directly contributes to H3K27me3 homeostasis in plants.