bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can peripheral blood γδ T cells predict osteonecrosis of the jaw? An immunological perspective on the adverse drug effects of aminobisphosphonate therapy
Authors: Kalyan Shirin , Quabius Elgar Susanne , Wiltfang Jörg , Mönig Heiner , Kabelitz Dieter 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Nitrogen-bisphosphonates (n-BP), often referred to as aminobisphosphonates, are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of disorders of bone fragility. However, long-term continuous treatment predisposes certain individuals to serious rare side effects, such as bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (BAONJ). n-BP use is known to unintentionally activate a subset of innate T cells called Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, but the consequence of this chronic immune stimulation has remained unexplored. The primary objectives of this study were to 1) determine the fate of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in osteoporotic patients on n-BP therapy as a function of time and type of therapy; 2) evaluate the proportion of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in patients who had recently experienced n-BP–associated ONJ. We found there is a notable loss of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells over time in osteoporotic patients on n-BP therapy, particularly those on intravenous (iv) therapy (Spearman r = −0.55, p &lt; 0.0001 iv; r = −0.3, p &lt; 0.03 oral) (n = 68); no difference was observed in total T cells, monocytes, or granulocytes. Importantly, the observed negative effect on Vγ9Vδ2 T cells coincides with the reported route of administration and timing of the rare occurrence of BAONJ. Patients (n = 6) who had experienced BAONJ were all found to be significantly deficient in Vγ9Vδ2 T cells (median = 0.07%) in comparison to age- and sex-matched treatment-naïve controls (N = 11; median = 2.40%), U = 0, p = 0.001; this was the only consistent difference in the leukocytes assessed. All BAONJ cases had an underlying condition that further contributed to impaired immunity. We propose Vγ9Vδ2 T cells show a strong potential to serve as harbingers of possible adverse immune effects of n-BP therapy, particularly in those patients already having a compromised immune system as they may be most vulnerable to the development of conditions such as BAONJ. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Conflict of interests: Multiple signal peptides with diverging goals
Authors: Venuto Annunziata , de Marco Ario 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPeptide signal sequences attached to or embedded into a core protein sequence control its cellular localization and several post‐translational modifications. However, misleading or cumbersome results may be generated when expressing recombinant proteins with modified signal peptides or single domains of larger proteins. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 510–513, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alterated talar and navicular bone morphology is associated with pes planus deformity: A CT‐scan study
Authors: Peeters Koen , Schreuer Julien , Burg Fien , Behets Catherine , Van Bouwel Saskia , Dereymaeker Greta , Sloten Jos Vander , Jonkers Ilse 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe compared bone and articular morphology of the talus and navicular in clinically diagnosed flatfeet and evaluated their potential contribution to talo‐navicular joint instability. We used CT images to develop 3D models of talus and navicular bones of 10 clinically diagnosed flatfeet and 15 non‐flatfeet. We quantified their global bone dimensions, inclination and dimensions of the articular surfaces and their curvatures. Additionally, ratios of six talar and navicular dimensions were calculated. The values for these parameters were then compared between both groups. In flatfeet, the talar head faced more proximal and its width was larger compared to non‐flatfeet. Also the navicular cup faced more proximal and its depth was significantly increased. Furthermore, we observed a more protruding talar head compared to the navicular cup in the control group with the articular surface depth being relatively larger for the navicular cups when compared to the talus in flatfeet. The ratio of the talar and navicular articular surface height was decreased in flatfeet, suggesting increased height of navicular cups relative to the articulating talar heads. Our results show that flatfoot deformity is associated with morphological changes of talar and navicular articular surfaces that can favor medial arch collapse and forefoot abduction. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 282–287, 2013
Endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy for management of cricopharyngeal achalasia (CA) in an 18–month–old child
Authors: Chun Robert , Sitton Mathew , Tipnis Neelesh A. , Arvedson Joan C. , Rao Aparna , Dranove Jason , Brown David J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA 6–month–old patient presented with dysphagia and failure to thrive. Video fluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS), esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and manometry were diagnostic for CA. A gastrostomy tube was placed at 8 months. Botulinum toxin injection improved symptoms, but within 10 weeks symptoms returned.At 18 months, an uncomplicated endoscopic CPM was performed. A postoperative VFSS demonstrated cricopharyngeal bar resolution. Within 3 months, patient was feeding orally without a G tube.Pediatric CPA treatment options consist of dilation, botox, and transcervical CPM. To our knowledge, this is the youngest patient treated with endoscopic CPM. Intraoperative video and photographs are presented. Laryngoscope, 2013
Accuracy of fine‐needle aspiration and imaging in the preoperative workup of salivary gland mass lesions treated surgically
Authors: Tryggvason Geir , Gailey Michael P. , Hulstein Stephanie L. , Karnell Lucy H. , Hoffman Henry T. , Funk Gerry F. , Jensen Chris S. , Van Daele Douglas J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy and imaging are commonly used in the preoperative assessment of salivary gland mass lesions. The goal of this retrospective study was to clarify the role of FNA and imaging in the workup of salivary gland masses.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Methods:A computer search identified patients with an FNA of a salivary gland lesion with subsequent excision during a 10‐year study period. Chart review of study patients was performed, and information on site of lesion, age, gender, radiologic diagnosis, pain in the tumor area, and facial paralysis was recorded and analyzed.Results:There were 543 patients who had an FNA and subsequent histopathology. The majority of the tumors were in the parotid gland (n = 492, 90.9%), followed by submandibular gland (n = 45, 8.3%). The incidence of malignancy across all sites was 29.7%. The mean patient age was 54.1 years, and 54.1% were female. The sensitivity and specificity of FNA were 85.7% and 99.5%, respectively. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 98.6%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 94.3%. A total of 464 patients had available radiologic studies. For the radiological diagnoses, sensitivity was 81.8% and specificity was 67.3%, whereas PPV and NPV were 52.7% and 89.3%, respectively.Conclusions:FNA is a reliable method of preoperatively assessing both benign and malignant salivary gland lesions. Preoperative imaging has a lower sensitivity and specificity than FNA in differentiating malignant from benign tumors. Older age, pain, and facial paralysis are clinical features independently associated with malignancy. Laryngoscope, 2013
Vowel Harmony in Optimality Theory
Authors: Walker Rachel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis article reviews the analysis of vowel harmony in Optimality Theory. Vowel harmony is a phenomenon in which the vowels in a word or another domain show systematic agreement for some property, such as rounding, backness, height, or ATR quality. Optimality Theory is a framework of generative linguistics in which grammars consist of a hierarchy of constraints on outputs. The treatment of various aspects of harmony systems are discussed, including what drives harmony, directionality and trigger control, opaque and transparent segments, dominant‐recessive patterns, and variation. Data from Turkish, Igbo, Pulaar, Diola Fogny, Finnish, and Hungarian are discussed.
Multiresponsive Properties of Triple‐Shell Architectures with Poly(N,N‐diethylaminoethyl methacrylate), Poly(N‐vinylcaprolactam), and Poly(N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) as Building Blocks
Authors: Tian Wei , Lv Xiaoyan , Huang Longbiao , Ali Nazakat , Kong Jie 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTriple‐shell architectures, consisting of poly[(N,N‐diethylaminoethyl methacrylate)‐block‐(N‐vinylcaprolactam)‐block‐(N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate)] triblock copolymers, are obtained by sequential reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerizations, using a terminal‐modified hyperbranched poly(β‐cyclodextrin) core as a macro chain transfer agent. UV‐vis spectroscopy results indicate that the triple‐shell architectures possess one pH response at pH 12.5 in aqueous solution at room temperature, followed by double‐temperature‐ responsiveness between 33 °C and 36 °C. The special multiresponsive properties are further confirmed by investigating the controlled release behavior of the resulting polymers using metronidazole as a model drug.
Compatibilization of Immiscible Polymer Blends by Organoclay: Effect of Nanofiller or Organo‐Modifier?
Authors: Yousfi Mohamed , Soulestin Jérémie , Vergnes Bruno , Lacrampe Marie‐France , Krawczak Patricia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPET/PE blends are prepared with and without different types of organo‐modified montmorillonites (OMMT) using a extrusion process. The droplet size of PE dispersed phase decreases upon organoclays addition, however without any direct dependence on the organoclay initial surface tension. To assess the effect of the organomodifier without MMT, PET/PE blends are then compounded adding solely the surfactants (similar to those used to modify the various organoclays). Whatever the chemical nature of the surfactant, a refinement of the PE droplets is observed, interestingly similar to those previously observed in presence of clay. This shows unambiguously that the key factor for organoclay compatibilization efficiency, in the case of PET/PE blends, is the surfactant modifier itself and not the MMT platelets. magnified image
Reliability–sensitivity analysis using dimension reduction methods and saddlepoint approximations
Authors: Huang Xianzhen , Zhang Yimin 
Published: September 2012

SUMMARYReliability–sensitivity, which is considered as an essential component in engineering design under uncertainty, is often of critical importance toward understanding the physical systems underlying failure and modifying the design to mitigate and manage risk. This paper presents a new computational tool for predicting reliability (failure probability) and reliability–sensitivity of mechanical or structural systems subject to random uncertainties in loads, material properties, and geometry. The dimension reduction method is applied to compute response moments and their sensitivities with respect to the distribution parameters (e.g., shape and scale parameters, mean, and standard deviation) of basic random variables. Saddlepoint approximations with truncated cumulant generating functions are employed to estimate failure probability, probability density functions, and cumulative distribution functions. The rigorous analytic derivation of the parameter sensitivities of the failure probability with respect to the distribution parameters of basic random variables is derived. Results of six numerical examples involving hypothetical mathematical functions and solid mechanics problems indicate that the proposed approach provides accurate, convergent, and computationally efficient estimates of the failure probability and reliability–sensitivity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and optoelectronic properties of selenium‐doped silicon formed using picosecond pulsed laser mixing
Authors: Hu Shaoxu , Han Peide , Wang Shuai , Mao Xue , Li Xinyi , Gao Lipeng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMicrostructured silicon doped with selenium beyond the equilibrium solid solubility limit was formed by picosecond pulsed laser mixing of a 20‐nm Se film with the underlying p‐Si wafer. The effects of pulse fluence varying from 0.40 to 0.72 J cm−2 on the structural and electronic properties of this material were investigated. It was found that the surface roughness in the laser‐irradiated regions increases with increasing pulse fluence, and a phase transition from the crystalline to the amorphous occurs at a pulse fluence of 0.72 J cm−2. Silicon microstructures were doped with selenium of the order of 1018 cm−3 within a depth of 100 nm below the surface, and n+p junctions were formed between the Se‐doped layers and the silicon substrates. The current–voltage as well as spectral response characteristics of the photodiodes fabricated from microstructured silicon were also analyzed and discussed. The leakage currents and responsivities of these photodiodes strongly depend on the pulse fluence, presumably due to the effects of picosecond laser modification on the crystal structure and electronic structure of the surface Se‐doped layers.
Neocortical neurogenesis and neuronal migration
Authors: Tan Xin , Shi Song‐Hai 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe neocortex, the evolutionarily newest part of the cerebral cortex, controls nearly all aspects of behavior, including perception, language, and decision making. It contains an immense number of neurons that can be broadly divided into two groups, excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons. These neurons are predominantly produced through extensive progenitor cell divisions during the embryonic stages. Moreover, they are not randomly dispersed, but spatially organized into horizontal layers that are essential for neocortex function. The formation of this laminar structure requires exquisite control of neuronal migration from their birthplace to their final destination. Extensive research over the past decade has greatly advanced our understanding of the production and migration of both excitatory neurons and inhibitory interneurons in the developing neocortex. In this review, we aim to give an overview on the molecular and cellular processes of neocortical neurogenesis and neuronal migration. WIREs Dev Biol 2012, 2:443–459. doi: 10.1002/wdev.88This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular Differentiation
Early Embryonic Development > Gastrulation and Neurulation
Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development
Computational analysis of noncoding RNAs
Authors: Washietl Stefan , Will Sebastian , Hendrix David A. , Goff Loyal A. , Rinn John L. , Berger Bonnie , Kellis Manolis 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNoncoding RNAs have emerged as important key players in the cell. Understanding their surprisingly diverse range of functions is challenging for experimental and computational biology. Here, we review computational methods to analyze noncoding RNAs. The topics covered include basic and advanced techniques to predict RNA structures, annotation of noncoding RNAs in genomic data, mining RNA‐seq data for novel transcripts and prediction of transcript structures, computational aspects of microRNAs, and database resources. These authors contributed equally WIREs RNA 2012. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1134This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry
RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA
Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs
Neutron Diffraction at Metal Borides, Ru2B3 and Os2B3
Authors: Frotscher Michael , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Albert Barbara 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe structure of Ru2B3 [space group P63/mmc, no. 194, a = 290.489(1) pm, c = 1281.637(6) pm] and Os2B3 [space group P63/mmc, no. 194, a = 291.451(2) pm, c = 1292.13(1) pm] were determined using neutron diffraction and 11B‐isotopically enriched crystalline powder samples. Thus it was possible for the first time to determine accurate boron atom positions, displacement parameters and B–B distances. The compounds do not show superconductivity down to T = 1.8 K.
The interaction of dispersal and control methods for the riverine tsetse fly Glossinapalpalisgambiensis (Diptera: Glossinidae): a modelling study
Authors: Barclay Hugh J. , Vreysen Marc J. B. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe used a spatial model of a riverine tsetse fly species Glossina palpalisgambiensis life cycle to investigate the interaction between their dispersal and three control methods and to document these interactions using sensitivity analyses. The model is currently limited to gallery forest habitat inhabited by Glossina palpalisgambiensis in the dry season in the sub‐humid zone of West Africa. The control methods modelled were traps and targets (TT), insecticide‐treated livestock (ITL), and the sterile insect technique (SIT). Both distance dispersed (up to 800 m) and percent of flies dispersing each day (up to 60 %) increased the efficiency of control by TT. Most of this increase occurred for low values of both distance dispersed and percent dispersing, but the increase continued up to the limits tried. The daily movement of cattle assisted the control program and when movement was considerable (up to 600 m daily) the effects were greater than the effects of tsetse dispersal. Random dispersal decreased aggregation and equilibrium population size, and thus also increased the efficiency of SIT. Dispersal that was mostly oriented towards clumps was of much less value for SIT but acted on TT and ITL similarly to random dispersal.
Unimodal sequences and quantum and mock modular forms
Authors: Bryson Jennifer , Ono Ken , Pitman Sarah , Rhoades Robert C. 
Published: September 2012

We show that the rank generating function
U
(
t
;
q
) for strongly unimodal sequences lies at the interface of quantum modular forms and mock modular forms. We use
U
(-1;
q
) to obtain a quantum modular form which is “dual” to the quantum form Zagier constructed from Kontsevich’s “strange” function
F
(
q
). As a result, we obtain a new representation for a certain generating function for
L
-values. The series
U
(
i
;
q
) =
U
(-
i
;
q
) is a mock modular form, and we use this fact to obtain new congruences for certain enumerative functions.
High-throughput lensfree 3D tracking of human sperms reveals rare statistics of helical trajectories
Authors: Su Ting-Wei , Xue Liang , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: September 2012

Dynamic tracking of human sperms across a large volume is a challenging task. To provide a high-throughput solution to this important need, here we describe a lensfree on-chip imaging technique that can track the three-dimensional (3D) trajectories of > 1,500 individual human sperms within an observation volume of approximately 8–17 mm3. This computational imaging platform relies on holographic lensfree shadows of sperms that are simultaneously acquired at two different wavelengths, emanating from two partially-coherent sources that are placed at 45° with respect to each other. This multiangle and multicolor illumination scheme permits us to dynamically track the 3D motion of human sperms across a field-of-view of > 17 mm2and depth-of-field of approximately 0.5–1 mm with submicron positioning accuracy. The large statistics provided by this lensfree imaging platform revealed that only approximately 4–5% of the motile human sperms swim along well-defined helices and that this percentage can be significantly suppressed under seminal plasma. Furthermore, among these observed helical human sperms, a significant majority (approximately 90%) preferred right-handed helices over left-handed ones, with a helix radius of approximately 0.5–3 μm, a helical rotation speed of approximately 3–20 rotations/s and a linear speed of approximately 20–100 μm/s. This high-throughput 3D imaging platform could in general be quite valuable for observing the statistical swimming patterns of various other microorganisms, leading to new insights in their 3D motion and the underlying biophysics.
Residualization of Hatchery Steelhead: A Meta-Analysis of Hatchery Practices
Authors: Hausch Stephen J. , Melnychuk Michael C. 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Freshwater residualization, whereby anadromous juvenile salmonids fail to emigrate seawards within the primary migration period, causes considerable economic and ecological management concern. Previous studies have attempted to identify possible factors contributing to residualization, including both fish-related and release methodology–related attributes, in order to develop measures to reduce it. Here, we synthesize 48 previous estimates of the residualization rates of hatchery-reared steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss from 16 studies and evaluate the cross-study effects of several factors that can be controlled by hatchery managers. The proportion of fish in hatchery release groups that residualized ranged from 0% to 17% (average, 5.6%). Characteristics of the release process were dominant in affecting residualization rates, while characteristics of individual steelhead primarily determined which, but not how many, individuals residualized. Releases of fewer fish and those located closer to the ocean or to a confluence with a major river produced fewer residuals than larger releases located further upstream. Acclimation ponds also appeared to reduce residualization, but there was no evidence of a release date effect across locations and years. Within a release year, individuals from endemic broodstock had higher residualization rates than those from hatchery-propagated broodstock while smaller individuals and larger males were more likely to residualize than individuals of intermediate size (∼213 mm fork length). To meet management objectives of reducing steelhead residualization, we recommend releases closer to an ocean or large river, particularly for releases of relatively few fish, in conjunction with the use of acclimation ponds. Management effort should focus on selective harvesting of hatchery residuals, a process which may be supported by rearing and release strategies. These objectives may trade off with conservation objectives; straying risk and genetic effects should especially be taken into account.
Received September 22, 2011; accepted June 28, 2012