bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Proxies for Climate Maladaptation in a Long-Lived Tree (Pinus pinasterAiton, Pinaceae)
Authors: Jaramillo-Correa Juan-Pablo , Rodríguez-Quilón Isabel , Grivet Delphine , Lepoittevin Camille , Sebastiani Federico , Heuertz Myriam , Garnier-Géré Pauline H , Alía Ricardo , Plomion Christophe , Vendramin Giovanni G , González-Martínez Santiago C 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUnderstanding adaptive genetic responses to climate change is a main challenge for preserving biological diversity. Successful predictive models for climate-driven range shifts of species depend on the integration of information on adaptation, including that derived from genomic studies. Long-lived forest trees can experience substantial environmental change across generations, which results in a much more prominent adaptation lag than in annual species. Here, we show that candidate-gene SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) can be used as predictors of maladaptation to climate in maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Aiton), an outcrossing long-lived keystone tree. A set of 18 SNPs potentially associated with climate, 5 of them involving amino acid-changing variants, were retained after performing logistic regression, latent factor mixed models, and Bayesian analyses of SNP–climate correlations. These relationships identified temperature as an important adaptive driver in maritime pine and highlighted that selective forces are operating differentially in geographically discrete gene pools. The frequency of the locally advantageous alleles at these selected loci was strongly correlated with survival in a common garden under extreme (hot and dry) climate conditions, which suggests that candidate-gene SNPs can be used to forecast the likely destiny of natural forest ecosystems under climate change scenarios. Differential levels of forest decline are anticipated for distinct maritime pine gene pools. Geographically defined molecular proxies for climate adaptation will thus critically enhance the predictive power of range-shift models and help establish mitigation measures for long-lived keystone forest trees in the face of impending climate change.
Seed Set and Xenia Effects on Grain Iron and Zinc Density in Pearl Millet
Authors: Rai Kedar Nath , Govindaraj Mahalingam , Pfeiffer Wolfgang Helmut , Rao Aluri Sambasiva 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThree types of seed samples (selfed, sibbed and open pollinated) can be used for mineral analysis in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] and other cross‐pollinated crops. Cost effectiveness and reliability of mineral estimates in these types of seed samples have a direct bearing on breeding efficiency. Three sets of experiments using a diverse range of materials were conducted to examine the potential use of selfed and open pollinated (OP) seed samples for the analysis of grain Fe and Zn density in pearl millet. The results of this study showed that reduction in seed set under selfing, a genotype‐dependent typical trait of this crop, led to significant and large overestimates of Fe and Zn density, indicating that selfed seeds cannot be used for reliable estimation of grain Fe and Zn density. There was no significant difference between the sibbed and crossed seeds, indicating that there was no xenia effect. Differences among the sibbed and OP seeds for Fe, Zn, and Al density were small in magnitude and not always significant, indicating that dust contamination was not a significant factor determining Fe and Zn density. Since production of OP seed is most cost effective, it can be used for reliable estimation of Fe and Zn density when dealing with a large number of breeding lines, thereby enhancing the breeding efficiency for these micronutrients in pearl millet.
Does Gabapentin Relieve Acute Preoperative Anxiety?
Authors: Pathak L 
Published: December 2014

INTRODUCTION: The role of Gabapentin in relieving chronic pain, chronic anxiety disorders and acute postoperative pain is well known by now. Trials done with the administration of Gabapentin to treat preoperative anxiety showed mixed results. So, this study was conducted to test the hypothesis that premedication with Gabapentin 1200 mg versus placebo would reduce preoperative anxiety in patients undergoing open cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, double blind and placebo controlled study was carried out at Universal College of Medical Sciences & Teaching Hospital (UCMSTH) from August 2012 to Januray 2014. Total 160 adult patients of American Society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) I and II were divided into 2 groups of 80 each. Patients in group 1 and group 2 received capsules Gabapentin (1200mg) or identical placebo capsules 2 hours prior to surgery respectively. Preoperative anxiety was assessed for three times using Anxiety Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score. A uniform anesthetic technique was used in both groups. Parameters including preoperative and postoperative sedation scores and various side effects were also observed.RESULTS: VAS anxiety scores after one hour of drug intake (47.19±17.37 versus 63.13±17.77) and just before induction of anaesthesia (43.81±17.72 versus 81.81±21.57) were significantly lower in Gabapentin group as compared to placebo group. No patient experienced any significant side effects or sedation in either group throughout the study period.CONCLUSIONS: Premedication with 1200 mg Gabapentin in open cholecystectomy patients significantly reduced preoperative anxiety as evident by decrease in anxiety VAS scores without any significant side effects. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i3.11821 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.2(3) 2014: 9-14
Knowledge & Practice of Nursing Ethics and Laws
Authors: Shrestha S , Jose P 
Published: December 2014

INTRODUCTION: Nurses are responsible for the well-being and quality of life of many people, and therefore must meet high standards of technical and ethical competence. Values are the belief and attitude that influence individual behavior and process of decision making. Personal values are what nurses hold significant and true for themselves, while professional ethics involve principles that have universal applications and standards of conduct that must be upheld in all situations. From the previous study it was found that most of the nurses have the knowledge regarding nursing ethic and law but have lack of practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among the selected nurses of Universal College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital (UCMS TH) Bhairahawa Nepal. Population for the study was selected on random basis and total sample size was 60. A self-administered structured questionnaire about knowledge of nursing ethics and law was devised, tested and distributed to the nurses and practice of same sample was assessed through checklist by observing the activities of nurses by the researcher herself.RESULTS: Among the total 60 respondents only 45% had adequate knowledge of ethics and rest of them had inadequate knowledge regarding nursing ethics whereas most of the respondents i.e. 53% had adequate knowledge of nursing law and only 46% had inadequate knowledge of it. On the other hand half of the respondents do practice on nursing ethics and law and another half do less practice. As a whole it has been identified that respondents had more knowledge of nursing law than that of nursing ethics and half of them do practice on it.CONCLUSION: Findings of the study showed that knowledge of law was greater than knowledge of ethics. Overall they had no satisfactory knowledge of ethics and law. Whereas 50% of respondents does adequate practice.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v2i3.11825 Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol.2(3) 2014: 30-33
Simulation of Residual Stresses after Straightening of Induction Hardened Components
Authors: Haglund S. , Kristoffersen H. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Straightening is a manufacturing process where a component is bent, and plastically deformed, in order to reach a desired straightness. It is an unwanted but in many cases necessary process. For instance heat treatment operations such as carburizing and induction hardening may give distortions of magnitude that a straightening operation is required. The main disadvantage with straightening, apart from the extra processing step, is that it alters the residual stresses which decrease the fatigue strength of the component. In this paper, the straightening of a surface hardened shaft is simulated by FEM. The paper brings new insight into the complexity in the changes in residual stress that deviates far from the simplified views presented in literature. It will be shown that there are fundamental differences between a through hardened shaft and a surface hardened one as well as between shafts with shallow and deep surface hardening depths. The material studied is 42CrMo4 induction hardened by single shot. It is shown that the change in residual stresses is rather complex with decreased compressive residual stresses in a number of locations around the circumference while other locations have increased stresses. The amount of change in the residual stresses are largely governed by the required bending but by doing the straightening operation in an optimal way the negative effect can be reduced.
Unsteady MHD mixed convection flow past an oscillating plate with heat source/sink
Authors: Okedoye Akindele Michael 
Published: December 2014

This paper to study unsteady MHD mixed convection flow past an infinite vertical oscillating plate through porous medium, taking account of the presence of free/forced convection and mass transfer. Using similarity transformation, the coupled non  linear governing equations are solved numerically by applying the combination of the base scheme submethods  midpoint, and a method enhancement scheme Richardson extrapolation technique together with Fehlberg fourth-fifth order Runge-Kutta shooting iteration method with degree four interpolant. The results are obtained for velocity, temperature, concentration. The effects of various material parameters are discussed on flow variables and presented by graphs.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v11i2.6477
Plastic responses of native plant root systems to the presence of an invasive annual grass
Authors: Phillips Allison J. , Leger Elizabeth A. 
Published: December 2014

• Premise of the study: The ability to respond to environmental change via phenotypic plasticity may be important for plants experiencing disturbances such as climate change and plant invasion. Responding to belowground competition through root plasticity may allow native plants to persist in highly invaded systems such as the cold deserts of the Intermountain West, USA.• Methods: We investigated whether Poa secunda, a native bunchgrass, could alter root morphology in response to nutrient availability and the presence of a competitive annual grass. Seeds from 20 families were grown with high and low nutrients and harvested after 50 d, and seeds from 48 families, grown with and without Bromus tectorum, were harvested after ∼2 or 6 mo. We measured total biomass, root mass fraction, specific root length (SRL), root tips, allocation to roots of varying diameter, and plasticity in allocation.• Key results: Plants had many parallel responses to low nutrients and competition, including increased root tip production, a trait associated with tolerance to reduced resources, though families differed in almost every trait and correlations among trait changes varied among experiments, indicating flexibility in plant responses. Seedlings actively increased SRL and fine root allocation under competition, while older seedlings also increased coarse root allocation, a trait associated with increased tolerance, and increased root mass fraction.• Conclusions: The high degree of genetic variation for root plasticity within natural populations could aid in the long‐term persistence of P. secunda because phenotypic plasticity may allow native species to persist in invaded and fluctuating resource environments.
The roles of history and ecology in chloroplast phylogeographic patterns of the bird‐dispersed plant parasite Phoradendron californicum (Viscaceae) in the Sonoran Desert
Authors: Lira‐Noriega Andrés , Toro‐Núñez Oscar , Oaks Jamie R. , Mort Mark E. 
Published: December 2014

• Premise of the study: A recurrent explanation for phylogeographic discontinuities in the Baja California Peninsula and the Sonoran Desert Region has been the association of vicariant events with Pliocene and Pleistocene seaway breaks. Nevertheless, despite its relevance for plant dispersal, other explanations such as ecological and paleoclimatic factors have received little attention. Here, we analyzed the role of several of these factors to describe the phylogeographic patterns of the desert mistletoe, Phoradendron californicum.• Methods: Using noncoding chloroplast regions, we assess the marginal probability of 19 a priori hypotheses related to geological and ecological factors to predict the cpDNA variation in P. californicum using a Bayesian coalescent framework. Complementarily, we used the macrofossil record and niche model projections on Last Glacial Maximum climatic conditions for hosts, mistletoe, and a bird specialist to interpret phylogeographic patterns.• Key results: Genealogical reconstructions revealed five clades, which suggest a combination of cryptic divergence, long‐distance seed dispersal, and isolating postdivergence events. Bayesian hypothesis test favored a series of Pliocene and Pleistocene geological events related to the formation of the Baja California Peninsula and seaways across the peninsula as the most supported explanation for this genealogical pattern. However, age estimates, niche projections, and fossil records show dynamic host–mistletoe interactions and evidence of host races, indicating that ecological and geological factors have been interacting during the formation and structuring of phylogeographic divergence.• Conclusions: Variation in cpDNA across the species range results from the interplay of vicariant events, past climatic oscillations, and more dynamic factors related to ecological processes at finer temporal and spatial scales.
Discriminations et inconsciences d'entreprise
Authors: Teulon Frédéric 
Published: December 2014

Les discriminations en entreprises sont liées à des comportements en partie conscients et en partie inconscients des employeurs. Elles sont le sous produit d’une circulation imparfaite de l’information ou la conséquence d’un goût ou d’un « dégoût » vis-à-vis de certaines catégories de personnes (comportement peu ou pas rationnel lié à des préjugés). L’article fait le lien entre les discriminations et des schèmes de pensée intériorisés et refoulés. Les structures symboliques de cet inconscient collectif, androcentrique ou xénophobe sont mises en avant. Paradoxalement les discriminations sont renforcées par le fait que les victimes finissent par adopter inconsciemment le raisonnement qui justifie le maintien des discriminations.
L'évaluation multidimensionnelle du changement : le cas des organisations publiques
Authors: Rossignol Karen , Rousseau Anne , Valoggia Philippe , Pichault François 
Published: December 2014

Cette communication aborde la question de l’évaluation du changement dans le contexte des organisations publiques, en particulier le changement inhérent aux programmes de gestion de la qualité dans le contexte de la nouvelle gestion publique (NGP). Si les objectifs poursuivis par ces changements tiennent à la performance des organisations publiques, la question de l’évaluation des processus de changement à l’œuvre dans ces contextes spécifiques reste ouverte et ce quel que soit l’objet des changements. L’ambition étant de pouvoir évaluer les processus de changement à l’œuvre dans toutes leurs dimensions, nous mobilisons le cadre conceptuel du modèle de cinq forces de François Pichault (2009) dans une perspective d’analyse contextualiste (A. Pettigrew, 1990). Le terrain d’observation privilégié est les organisations publiques et en particulier les hôpitaux publics luxembourgeois. Cette communication présente une étude de cas parmi les trois études réalisées dans le cadre d’un projet de recherche financé par le Fonds National de la Recherche luxembourgeois. La stratégie de recherche exposée relève de l’étude de cas avec une collecte des données reposant sur des documents, de l’observation in situ et des entretiens. Ces données sont traitées dans le cadre d’une analyse de contenu (NVivo) structurée autour des cinq dimensions du modèle conceptuel retenu. Nos résultats mettent en exergue la dynamique des forces en présence pour comprendre le processus de changement à l’œuvre, ce qui permet d’une part, de proposer une évaluation nuancée de ces changements, et d’autre part, de concevoir des scenarii d’évolution de leur mode de pilotage. Dans une perspective de digitalisation accrue des organisations publiques, un tel dispositif d’anticipation permettrait de mieux se préparer aux transformations à venir.
Le Bulletin de l'Association française des femmes médecins (1929-1940). Un discours médical spécifique aux femmes ?
Authors: Carribon Carole , Duetto Article 
Published: December 2014

L’ Association française des femmes médecins (AFFM) est créée en 1921 alors que les femmes représentent moins de 5% des médecins ; son bulletin éclaire les thèmes dont l’association, à distance des préoccupations des militantes de la cause des femmes, est porteuse : la santé des enfants et celle des femmes (et en particulier des femmes enceintes), l’éducation sexuelle des jeunes filles, l’état de santé des travailleuses et la prévention des maladies vénériennes avec suivi des prostitués.
Se saisir d'une émotion morale pour interroger le contrôle du médicament. L'affaire de la thalidomide à la TV française à partir du procès de Liège (1962)
Authors: Sécail Claire 
Published: December 2014

Entre 1954 et 1962, la thalidomide, un tranquillisant recommandé aux femmes enceintes, est à l’origine de milliers de naissances d’enfants atteints de graves malformations. En 1962, ce scandale sanitaire internationalisé engendre un fait divers, avec le procès, à Liège, de parents belges accusés d’avoir euthanasié leur bébé. Le scandale n’a pas touché la France où le médicament n’a pas été commercialisé. Mais les Français se sont ému du drame des « enfants monstres ». En 1962, deux émissions de télévision – un magazine scientifique et un reportage de société – se saisissent de l’émotion collective pour interroger les procédures de contrôle du médicament et dégager les responsabilités médicales, scientifiques, industrielles et administratives. Mobilisant le concept dual de l’éthique wébérienne, cet article cherche à examiner dans quelle mesure la télévision a pu sensibiliser les publics français aux risques liés à ces médicaments nés « d’une science nouvelle » et conduire une réflexion morale sur le progrès médical et ses revers.
Lúcio Flávio – sobre a censura ao livro e à adaptação cinematográfica
Authors: Reimao Sandra 
Published: December 2014

O livro Lúcio Flávio passageiro da agonia, escrito por José Louzeiro, e publicado pela Editora Civilização Brasileira em 1975, gerou quatro pareceres discordantes, tendo sido finalmente liberado. Em um segundo momento, a possibilidade da adaptação do livro para filme foi tema de parecer prévio do Departamento de Censura de Diversões Públicas, DCDP, que indicou cortes e modificações. E, por fim, em um terceiro momento, o filme foi examinado, foi vetado e, depois de cortes e modificações, liberado para maiores de 18 anos. Esse artigo reconstrói e analisa os passos principais da tumultuada trajetória desse livro e também de sua adaptação cinematográfica pelo DCDP. O filme Lúcio Flávio – passageiro da agonia, dirigido por Hector Babenco, com roteiro de José Louzeiro, Hector Babenco e Jorge Duran, protagonizado por Reginaldo Faria, lançado em 1977, foi visto por mais de cinco milhões de pessoas e foi uma forte denúncia da polícia violenta e corrupta
NÍVEL DE DESEMPENHO MOTOR DE ESCOLARES PRATICANTES E NÃO PRATICANTES DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA
Authors: Fernandes Priscilla da Silva , Palma Míriam Stock 
Published: December 2014

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar e comparar o nível de desempenho motor de crianças praticantes e não praticantes de educação física escolar. Participaram da amostra (quarenta crianças, com sete a nove anos de idade (20 praticantes e 20 não praticantes de duas escolas da rede pública de ensino de Porto Alegre. O instrumento utilizado para a análise do desempenho motor das crianças foi o Test of Gross Motor Development-2 TGMD-2), de Ulrich (2000). Os resultados apontaram que não houve diferença significativa).entre os grupos, ambos apresentando um nível de desempenho motor muito pobre.
A INFLUÊNCIA DA MÍDIA NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE ÍDOLOS ESPORTIVOS PARA OS JOVENS
Authors: Azevedo Victor Valdez Dantas , Mezzaroba Cristiano , Zoboli Fabio 
Published: December 2014

A mídia enquanto agente político tem a capacidade de gestar comportamentos pensando assim partimos da necessidade de observar o quão influenciáveis são os jovens quando pensamos em relação à idolatria esportiva. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a possível influência midiática na construção de ídolos esportivos e como são percebidos no universo dos jovens. Para tal foram selecionados para a pesquisa alunos do 1º e 2º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola pública federal de Sergipe. A partir dos resultados obtidos, percebemos que, mesmo se tratando de um colégio onde a mediação ,pedagógica é muito importante para entender e discutir as questões que envolvem a mídia verificamos um forte poder simbólico midiático, incorporando significados mercadológicos.na relação clube-ídolo-torcedor que impactam também na questão corporal.
Ocean glider observations of iceberg‐enhanced biological production in the northwestern Weddell Sea
Authors: Biddle Louise C. , Kaiser Jan , Heywood Karen J. , Thompson Andrew F. , Jenkins Adrian 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIcebergs affect local biological production around Antarctica. We used an ocean glider to observe the effects of a large iceberg that was advected by the Antarctic Slope Current along the continental slope in the northwestern Weddell Sea in early 2012. The high‐resolution glider data reveal a pronounced effect of the iceberg on ocean properties, with oxygen concentrations of (13 ± 4) μmol kg−1 higher than levels in surrounding waters, which are most likely due to positive net community production. This response was confined to three areas of water in the direct vicinity of the iceberg track, each no larger than 2  km2. Our findings suggest that icebergs have an impact on Antarctic production presumably through local micronutrient injections, on a scale smaller than typical satellite observations of biological production in the Southern Ocean.
Controls on the geometry of potholes in bedrock channels
Authors: Pelletier Jon D. , Sweeney Kristin E. , Roering Joshua J. , Finnegan Noah J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractPotholes (circular depressions carved into bedrock) are the dominant roughness elements in many bedrock channels. Here we show, using data from previous studies and new data from the Smith River, Oregon, that pothole depths increase in proportion to both the mean pothole radius (such that the most common pothole depth‐to‐radius ratio is 2) and the diameter of the largest clasts episodically stored in potholes. We present a theory for these observations based on computational fluid dynamics and sediment transport modeling of vortices in cylindrical cavities of different shapes and sizes. We show that the shear stress at the bottom of a pothole (which controls the rate of pothole growth) is maximized for potholes with a depth‐to‐radius ratio of approximately 1 and decreases nonlinearly with increasing depth‐to‐radius ratio such that potholes with depth‐to‐radius ratios larger than 3 are uncommon. Our model provides a mechanistic explanation for pothole shapes and sizes.