bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamik und Struktur Phosphit-substituierter Olefinwolfram-Komplexe / Dynamics and Structure of Phosphite Substituted Olefintungsten Complexes
Authors: Berke Heinz , Huttner Gottfried , Sontag Christoph , Zsolnai Laszlo 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The barriers of rotation of olefin ligands in (OC)3 LL′W(olefin) complexes, L - P(OMe)3 , L′ = P(OMe)3 or P(OEt)3 , olefin = ethylene, methylmaleate, methylfumarate, methylacrylate (1-4) have been determined from D-NMR measurements. The preferred olefin orientation has been deduced from an X-ray analysis of the tricarbonyl-triethylphosphite-trimethylphosphite-methyl-maleatetungsten compound 2. The influence of steric and electronic factors on the rotational process has been discussed by use of EHT-calculations.
Studien zum Vorgang der Wasserstoffübertragung, 74 [1]. Elektroreduktive Hydrierungen an Raney-Nickel-Pulver als Kathode / Studies on the Occurrence of Hydrogen Transfer, 74 [1]. Electroreductive Hydrogenation Using Raney-Nickel-Powder as a Cathode
Authors: Horner L. , Franz Ch. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Cathodically pretreated Raney-nickel-powder with a potential of -900 to -1000 mV (vs SCE) shows a positive potential shift of 200 to 300 mV in the presence of a hydrogen acceptor (coumarine or 1-ethinylcyclohexanol (1)). Pyridine and quinoline do not have any strong influence on the potential but retard the hydrogenation of coumarine. Acetylene derivatives as 1-ethinylcyclohexanol are hydrogenated in two steps applying a potential down to -1050 mV. At -1150 mV the selectivity is lost. With Raney-nickel-powder pre-treated with pyridine or hydrogensulfide the two-step selectivity of the hydrogenation of 1 is preserved applying also a potential of -1200 mV.
Ein Beitrag zur Photochemie des singulett-angeregten 5-MethyIencyclohexa-1,3-dien-Systems / A Contribution to the Photochemistry of the Singlet Excited 5-Methylenecyclohexa-1,3-diene System
Authors: Brune Hans Albert , Günther Uwe , Lach Peter , Sihler Rolf 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
5-Methylenecyclohexa-13-diene System, S, Excitation, Isomerizations 1,2,3,4,6-Pentamethyl-5-methylenecyclohexa-1,3-diene and 1,2,3,4,6,6-Hexamethyl-5-methy-lenecyclohexa-1,3-diene have been synthesized. The isomerizations following singlet excitation have been studied.
Preparation, Structure and Investigations of BEDT-TTF Trihalides
Authors: Endres H. , Hiller M. , Keller H. J. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Crystals of the β-phases of (BEDT-TTF)2Br-I-Br (1) and (BEDT-TTF)2I-I - Br (2) have been isolated by electrocrystallization. The solids can be obtained using different tetrabutylammonium trihalides containing iodine and bromine as supporting electrolytes. Cyclovoltam metric results show clearly that the trihalide anions are involved in the oxidation reactions near the anode which finally lead to the crystals.
1 C20H16Br2IS16, Mr = 1056.01, and 2 C20H16BrI2S16, Mt = 1103.01 are isom orphous, crystallizing in the triclinic space group P1̄, with Z = 1. Unit cell parameters for 1: a = 6.5979(6) A , b = 8.998(1) Å, c = 15.138(3) Å , a = 94.03(1)°, β = 95.13(1), γ = 110.28(1), V = 834.7 Å and for 2: α = 6.606(2) Å , b = 9.047(6) A , c = 15.229(6) Å, α = 94.28(2)°, β = 95.34(2), v = 109.92(2), V = 846.5 Å3.
The different sizes of the Br2I- and Brl2
- counterions lead to different intra- and interstack S -S contacts in the solids thus influencing the physical properties. An additional Br2I- phase with a modulation of the above-described structure could be found. Some relevant physical properties of 1 and 2 are reported
Bildungsmechanismus und Folgereaktionen von 1.2.5.6-Tetraphospha-3.4—7.8-dibenzo-2.6-diiodo-bicycIo[3.3.0]octan Elektrochemische Darstellung von 1.2.5.6-Tetraphospha-3.4—7.8-dibenzo-2.6-dichloro-bicyclo[3.3.0]octan / Formation and Reaction Products of 1.2.5.6-Tetraphospha-3.4—7.8-dibenzo-2.6-diiodo-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane Electrochemical Synthesis of 1.2.5.6-Tetraphospha-3.4—7.8-dibenzo-2.6-diiodo-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane
Authors: Stritt H.-P. , Wörz H.-J. , Latscha H. P. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The reaction of o-phenylene-bis(dichlorophosphane) (1) [2] with anhydrous Lil in benzene gives o-phenylene-bis(diiodophosphane) (2). In the presence of water the reaction leads to the bicyclus 3 [1], Electrolysis of 1 with a mercury-pool at a potential of -800 mV in a 1.2-dichloroethane/ 0.1 Mtetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate solution gives 1.2.5.6-tetraphospha- 3.4-7.8-dibenzo-2.6-dichloro-bicyclo[3.3.0]octane (4). The reduction of 3, either by magnesium in THF or by electrolysis in 1.2-DCE/0.1 M TBATFB solution at a potential of -1 V yields the oligomer (o-C6H4P2)5
A Pulse Radiolysis Study of Some Dicarboxylic Acids of the Citric Acid Cycle. The Kinetics and Spectral Properties of the Free Radicals Formed by Reaction with the OH Radical
Authors: Cabelli Diane E. , Bielski Benon H. J. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The reactions between the OH radical and fumaric acid, maleic acid, malic acid and succinic acid were studied using pulse radiolysis techniques. The rates of reaction, the absorption spectra of the resultant free radicals and the rates of disappearance of those radicals were determined as a function of pH over virtually the entire pH range (pH 2-14)
Mono- and Binuclear Gold(I) Compounds Containing Deprotonated Purines and Pyrimidines
Authors: Bonati Flavio , Burini Alfredo , Pietroni Bianca Rosa 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In the presence of alkali and LAuCl one or two -NH - groups of a purine or pyrimidine base can be transformed into - N(AuL)- groups giving stable and soluble compounds containing one or two two-coordinated gold(I) nuclei; mononuclear LAu - Q' or binuclear LAu - Q - AuL with a monodentate Q'- or an exobidentate O-- ligand, resp. (Q'H = adenine, guanine, theobromine, theophylline, azaguanine or cytosine; QH2 - thymine or uracyl; L = triphenylphosphine)
Adiponectin may mediate the association between omentin, circulating lipids and insulin sensitivity: results from the KORA F4 study
Authors: Herder Christian , Ouwens D Margriet , Carstensen Maren , Kowall Bernd , Huth Cornelia , Meisinger Christa , Rathmann Wolfgang , Roden Michael , Thorand Barbara 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveReduced circulating omentin levels have been reported in obesity and type 2 diabetes, but data were mostly derived from univariate analyses in small study samples. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between omentin, abnormal glucose tolerance and related metabolic factors in a large population-based cross-sectional study.Design and methodsSerum omentin was measured by ELISA in 1092 participants of the German KORA F4 survey (2006–2008). Associations between omentin serum levels, glucose tolerance (assessed with an oral glucose tolerance test) and diabetes-related factors were estimated using logistic and linear regression models respectively.ResultsSerum levels of omentin were not related to categories of glucose tolerance. However, serum omentin was positively associated with whole-body insulin sensitivity index (ISI (composite)) and HDL cholesterol and showed inverse associations with 2-h post-load glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance, BMI and triglycerides (all P≤0.03 after adjustment for age, sex and lifestyle factors). Further adjustment for BMI and/or serum lipids attenuated the associations with parameters of glucose metabolism, whereas adjustment for serum adiponectin virtually abolished all aforementioned associations. In contrast, adjustment for omentin had no effect on the positive association between adiponectin levels and ISI (composite).ConclusionsThe data from this large population-based cohort show that circulating omentin levels are associated with insulin sensitivity. Our observations further suggest that omentin acts via upregulation of adiponectin, which in turn affects lipid metabolism and thereby also indirectly enhances insulin sensitivity, but mechanistic studies are required to corroborate this hypothesis.
The influence of Ni or Co substitution for Fe on glass forming ability and magnetic properties in the quaternary Fe–Nb–B–Ni and (Fe, Ni, Co)–Nb–B alloy systems
Authors: Zhu Man , Chen Sisi , Yao Lijuan , Li Yanhong , Wang Yan , Jian Zengyun , Chang Fang’e 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Systematic Literature Review and Network Meta-Analysis Comparing Bone-Targeted Agents for the Prevention of Skeletal-Related Events in Cancer Patients With Bone Metastasis
Authors: Wang Zhiyu , Qiao Dan , Lu Yaohong , Curtis Dana , Wen Xiaoting , Yao Yang , Zhao Hui 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background.
Complications from skeletal-related events (SREs) constitute a challenge in the care of cancer patients with bone metastasis (BM).

Objectives.
This study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of pamidronate, ibandronate, zoledronate, and denosumab in reducing the morbidity of SREs in cancer patients with BM.

Methods.
Medline (1948 to January 2014), Embase (1980 to January 2014), the Cochrane Library (2014 issue 1), and Web of Science with Conference Proceedings (1970 to January 2014) were searched. Only randomized controlled trials assessing denosumab, bisphosphonates, or placebo in cancer patients with BM were included. The primary outcomes were SREs and SREs by type. The network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed with a random-effects Bayesian model.

Results.
The NMA included 14 trials with 10,192 patients. Denosumab was superior to placebo in reducing the risk of SREs (odds ratio [OR]: 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31–0.75), followed by zoledronate (OR: 0.57; 95% CI: 0.41–0.77) and pamidronate (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.41–0.72). Ibandronate compared with placebo could not reduce the risk of SREs. Denosumab was superior to placebo in reducing the risk of pathologic fractures (OR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.32–0.79), followed by zoledronate (OR: 0.61; 95% CI: 0.43–0.86). Denosumab was superior to placebo in reducing the risk of radiation (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.35–0.75), followed by pamidronate (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.52–0.86) and zoledronate (OR: 0.70; 95% CI: 0.52–0.96).

Conclusion.
This NMA showed that denosumab, zoledronate, and pamidronate were generally effective in preventing SREs in cancer patients with BM. Denosumab and zoledronate were also associated with reductions in the risk of pathologic fractures and radiation compared with placebo. Denosumab was shown to be the most effective of the bone-targeted agents.
Neoadjuvant Dual HER2-Targeted Therapy With Lapatinib and Trastuzumab Improves Pathologic Complete Response in Patients With Early Stage HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Prospective Clinical Trials
Authors: Hicks Mellissa , Macrae Erin R. , Abdel-Rasoul Mahmoud , Layman Rachel , Friedman Susan , Querry Jenny , Lustberg Maryam , Ramaswamy Bhuvaneswari , Mrozek Ewa , Shapiro Charles , Wesolowski Robert 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground.Randomized clinical trials (RCT) that evaluated the addition of lapatinib to trastuzumab plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with HER2-positive, operable breast cancer revealed a questionable improvement in pathologic complete response (pCR) rate. We performed a meta-analysis of prospective RCTs that examined the effect of adding lapatinib to trastuzumab and NAC on pCR rate.Methods.PubMed databases and abstracts from the proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium were searched for RCTs that compared lapatinib plus trastuzumab and NAC with trastuzumab in combination with NAC and that included pCR as the primary outcome. Our main objective was to estimate the effect of adding lapatinib to trastuzumab plus NAC on pCR rate, defined as no residual invasive cancer in breast and axillary lymph nodes.Results.In total, 1,017 patients with early stage breast cancer from 5 trials were included. Four trials examined the addition of lapatinib to trastuzumab plus NAC; this resulted in statistically significant improvement in pCR, defined as no residual carcinoma in breast and lymph nodes. The pCR rate was 55.76% and 38.36% in the lapatinib plus trastuzumab and the trastuzumab plus NAC arms, respectively (odds ratio [OR]: 1.94; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44–2.60). In three trials, the rates of pCR, defined as no residual invasive carcinoma in breast only, for the lapatinib plus trastuzumab and trastuzumab-alone groups were 55.01% and 40.70%, respectively, also resulting in significant improvement (OR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.27–2.50).Conclusion.The addition of lapatinib to trastuzumab in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy significantly improves pCR rates in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer.
High-Temperature Laboratory Testing of Illitic Sandstone Outcrop Cores With HCl-Alternative Fluids
Authors: Mahmoud M.A.. A. , Nasr-El-Din H.A.. A. , de Wolf C.A.. A. 
Published: March 2015

Summary
Illitic sandstone reservoirs are sensitive to hydrochloric-acid (HCl) -based fluids. When HCl contacts illite, it breaks down and causes fines migration and formation damage. The migration of fines through the porous media will block the pores, reduce permeability, and decrease the production rate of oil and gas wells. A thorough literature review showed that all clay minerals are essentially unstable in HCl at temperatures greater than 300°F. In turn, there is a need to search for stimulation fluids other than HCl to stimulate deep sandstone reservoirs.
Alternative fluids to HCl/hydrofluoric (HF) mud acids were introduced to stimulate and remove the damage from illitic sandstone reservoirs. These fluids are chelating agents such as hydroxyl ethylene diaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA) and glutamic acid-N,N-diacetic acid (GLDA). In this study, sandstone cores with different illite contents were examined. Illite contents of 1, 10, 14, and 18 wt% of the sandstone cores were used in the coreflood experiments at 300°F. Different combinations of GLDA/HF were tested to determine the optimum ratio of chelate/HF. Computed tomography scans and permeability measurements before and after the treatment were used to assess the effectiveness of each fluid in removing the damage and in the stimulation of the sandstone cores.
The results show that 15 wt% HCl caused severe damage to sandstone cores with different illite contents. GLDA and HEDTA solutions showed a good compatibility with the illitic sandstone cores, with up to 18 wt% at 300°F. Permeability measurements showed that GLDA performed better than HEDTA at a pH of 4 and at the same molar concentration. The optimum ratio of GLDA/HF concentration was found to be 20 wt% GLDA/1 wt% HF, which gives the maximum increase in core permeability. No deconsolidation was noted with the two chelates tested. The results obtained from this study will significantly improve the outcome of acid treatments in illitic sandstone reservoirs at high temperatures.
Assessment of Fracturing-Fluid Cleanup by Use of a Rapid-Gel-Damage Method
Authors: Weaver J.D.. D. , Liang F.. , Schultheiss N.C.. C. 
Published: March 2015

Summary
The primary purpose of hydraulic fracturing is to provide highly conductive paths from the reservoir to the wellbore. This is accomplished by pumping fracturing fluids at extreme pressures to create fractures in the reservoir rock. In addition to creating the fractures, the fluid is used to carry proppant into the fractures to keep them open for flow after the pressure is relieved.
The performance of fracturing fluids is generally determined by their ability to create fracture width and length with minimal loss of energy caused by friction, to transport proppant efficiently through the tubulars and deep into the fracture, to keep the proppant suspended to help distribute proppant vertically in the fracture, to break on a planned schedule to permit rapid and efficient flowback without producing back the proppant, and to perform all of these goals economically.
There are several good methods available to determine fluid efficiencies, proppant-transport properties, and fluid-break times that are important to a stimulation engineer when designing fracture treatments. However, there are few methods available that adequately simulate post-fracturing fluid recovery and that provide the expected well-cleanup rate, efficiency, and impairment of proppant-pack conductivity.
This paper presents the development of a laboratory method that permits a rapid assessment and screening of fluids for post-fracture cleanup parameters of a fluid system under realistic reservoir conditions. Fluid-rheology and fluid-recovery data are presented that compare commonly used fracturing-fluid systems with a variety of breakers and proppant types. The use of these data should aid in determining which fluid systems are appropriate for future detailed evaluation.
Design and Field Evaluation of Tubing-Deployed Passive Outflow-Control Devices in Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage Injection Wells
Authors: Medina Max 
Published: March 2015

Summary
The integration of horizontal wells and thermal-oil-recovery methods, such as steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), has enabled the economic exploitation of extraheavy-oil resources, mainly in Canada. The use of passive outflow-control devices (OCDs) in SAGD wells adds steam-injection points along the horizontal wellbore, influencing steam placement and chamber growth, thus potentially reducing the steam/oil ratio, minimizing productivity uncertainty, and accelerating production.
To design OCD installations in SAGD, we need to address two main aspects. The first is the interface between horizontal-wellbore hydraulics and reservoir injectivity, which allows for the determination of the number and location of steam-injection points for improved performance. The other aspect is the design of the OCD itself, which involves selecting and configuring the device with a hydraulic performance that is fit for purpose. For this study, we will focus specifically on straight-orifice-choke passive OCDs.
This paper presents a comprehensive design methodology for tubing-deployed passive OCDs in SAGD. The completion design is carried out with a steady-state model of the injection well from a commercial thermal wellbore simulator.
The field-performance evaluation of tubing-deployed passive OCDs is critical for verifying the effectiveness of the design methodology and the hydraulic performance of the devices under real field conditions. The field evaluation is performed by history matching the injection pressure vs. the steam-rate data with a model developed in the thermal wellbore simulator. A dynamic pressure gradient (under flowing conditions) inside the injection string carrying the OCDs is obtained with a temperature log, taken with fiber-optic technology, in which the temperature data are converted to pressure by virtue of the properties of saturated steam. This method for measuring the dynamic pressure gradient during steam injection is novel for the SAGD industry.
The hydraulic field performance of the OCDs was matched successfully with the simulated model, which indicates the effectiveness of the design methodology, the field-performance-evaluation techniques, and the OCDs in delivering the desired amount of steam at each location.
New Secondary Balancing Method Saves Energy for Crank-Balanced Rod-Pumping Application
Authors: Zi-Ming Feng , Huan-Huan Ding , Min-Zheng Jiang 
Published: March 2015

Summary
With the goal of saving energy and reducing emissions, a secondary-balance technology was used to reform the conventional beam-pumping unit. The output torque from the reduction gearbox of conventional beam-pumping units is usually characterized by its periodic dramatic changes. On the basis of the idea of “cutting peak and filling valley” and the theory of the Fourier-series expansion for the torque curve, the secondary-balance device is designed to slow down the fluctuations in the torque curve. The secondary-balance device, with a balance principle similar to that of the crank balance, is connected to the output shaft of the reduction gearbox and can further reduce torque-fluctuation rate and peak torque. The field-test result of the secondary-balance device shows that the root-mean-square torque is decreased by 22.7%, and the energy-saving rate of the motor reaches 6.54%.
ATA Tax Policy Committee Report—Book-Tax Differences
Authors: Salbador Debra A. , Anderson Susan E. , Raabe William A. , Schadewald Michael S. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
This monograph examines the history of selected important book-tax differences since the inception of the income tax and the financial and tax reporting that has evolved over time that addresses these differences. The purpose is to provide a framework for discussion of policy issues regarding tax reporting and its relation to financial reporting. The focus of this paper is financial and tax reporting requirements. Because the starting point for tax reporting is financial reporting, changes in one have an immediate impact on the other. With movement toward corporate tax reform and continuing consideration of possible convergence with IFRS, it is important to engage in a discussion of this relation and its impact on tax reform.
CO2-system development in young sea ice and CO2 gas exchange at the ice/air interface mediated by brine and frost flowers in Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen
Authors: Fransson Agneta , Chierici Melissa , Abrahamsson Katarina , Andersson Maria , Granfors Anna , Gårdfeldt Katarina , Torstensson Anders , Wulff Angela 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn March and April 2010, we investigated the development of young landfast sea ice in Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen, Svalbard. We sampled the vertical column, including sea ice, brine, frost flowers and sea water, to determine the CO2 system, nutrients, salinity and bacterial and ice algae production during a 13 day interval of ice growth. Apart from the changes due to salinity and brine rejection, the sea-ice concentrations of total inorganic carbon (CT), total alkalinity (AT), CO2 and carbonate ions (CO32–) in melted ice were influenced by dissolution of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitates (25–55 μmol kg-1) and played the largest role in the changes to the CO2 system. The CT values were also influenced by CO2 gas flux, bacterial carbon production and primary production, which had a small impact on the CT. The only exception was the uppermost ice layer. In the top 0.05 m of the ice, there was a CO2 loss of ∼20 μmol kg-1 melted ice (1 mmol m-2) from the ice to the atmosphere. Frost flowers on newly formed sea ice were important in promoting ice-air CO2 gas flux, causing a CO2 loss to the atmosphere of 140-800 μmol kg--1 d-1 melted frost flowers (7-40 mmol m-2 d–1).
Analyse quantitative de fragments de verre provenant de Begram
Authors: Dussubieux Laure , Gratuze Bernard 
Published: March 2015

L'étude d'un échantillonnage de fragments de verre provenant de Begram, prêtés par le Musée Guimet, a été réalisée au Centre E. Babelon (CNRS- Orléans). Les principaux éléments majeurs, mineurs et traces ont été dosés afin de déterminer la composition de chaque échantillon pour en déduire quels types de matières premières ont été employés pour leur fabrication. Plusieurs techniques d'analyse ont été nécessaires à cette étude. Elles présentent toutes le grand avantage de sauvegarder l'intégrité de l'échantillon.
Les résultats obtenus montrent l'appartenance des échantillons de Begram à une production verrière typiquement méditerranéenne ou moyen-orientale.