bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia is a risk factor for developing persistent hyperthyrotropinemia in childhood with repercussion on developmental status
Authors: Cuestas Eduardo , Gaido María Isabel , Capra Raúl Horacio 
Published: January 2015

ObjectiveTransient neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia (TNH) is defined as a neonatal abnormality of thyroid function, which reverts to normal at re-examination after 2 weeks of life. The thyroid function of these infants has not been sufficiently studied in terms of the risk of developing persistent hyperthyrotropinemia (PH) in later childhood and its impact on growth and development.DesignA prospective cohort study included all babies born in our hospital between 2001 and 2006 and screened for hypothyroidism, whose thyroid function was re-examined 6 years later. Exclusion criteria included the following conditions: preterm birth, birth weight <2500 g, Down's syndrome, descendants of mothers with immune thyroid disease, congenital malformations, cardiac, renal, hepatic, and metabolic diseases, and steroid or dopamine medication. The variables included are TSH and thyroxine at neonatal screening and 6 years later. Main outcomes are the risk of developing PH in childhood, linear growth, and development using Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS).ResultsOut of 5040 normal-term newborns, 301 (6.0%, 95% CI 5.3–6.6%) have TSH ≥10 mU/l (TNH). Six years later, we re-examined 65 randomly selected children with TNH and 185 controls. In the TNH cohort, we found six out of 65 children (9.2%, 95% CI 1.4–17.0%) with PH (TSH ≥6.4 mU/l), and three out of 185 (1.6%, 95% CI 0.3–4.7%) among controls, relative risk 5.7 (95% CI 1.5–22.1), P=0.0114. TSH and developmental delay were found to be significantly higher in the TNH cohort (4.7±1.3 mU/l vs 2.1±0.5 mU/l, P<0.0001 and 15/65 (23%, 95% CI 12–34.1) vs 21/185 (11.3%, 95% CI 6.5–16.2) P=0.0348).ConclusionsNewborns with TNH have a higher risk of developing PH in childhood, with repercussion on developmental status.
A Genome-Wide Association Study of Resistance to Stripe Rust (Puccinia striiformisf. sp.tritici) in a Worldwide Collection of Hexaploid Spring Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)
Authors: Maccaferri Marco , Zhang Junli , Bulli Peter , Abate Zewdie , Chao Shiaoman , Cantu Dario , Bossolini Eligio , Chen Xianming , Pumphrey Michael , Dubcovsky Jorge 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNew races of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), the causal pathogen of wheat stripe rust, show high virulence to previously deployed resistance genes and are responsible for large yield losses worldwide. To identify new sources of resistance we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a worldwide collection of 1000 spring wheat accessions. Adult plants were evaluated under field conditions in six environments in the western United States, and seedlings were tested with four Pst races. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Infinium 9K-assay provided 4585 SNPs suitable for GWAS. High correlations among environments and high heritabilities were observed for stripe rust infection type and severity. Greater levels of Pst resistance were observed in a subpopulation from Southern Asia than in other groups. GWAS identified 97 loci that were significant for at least three environments, including 10 with an experiment-wise adjusted Bonferroni probability &lt; 0.10. These 10 quantitative trait loci (QTL) explained 15% of the phenotypic variation in infection type, a percentage that increased to 45% when all QTL were considered. Three of these 10 QTL were mapped far from previously identified Pst resistance genes and QTL, and likely represent new resistance loci. The other seven QTL mapped close to known resistance genes and allelism tests will be required to test their relationships. In summary, this study provides an integrated view of stripe rust resistance resources in spring wheat and identifies new resistance loci that will be useful to diversify the current set of resistance genes deployed to control this devastating disease.
Linkage Analysis and Map Construction in Genetic Populations of Clonal F1 and Double Cross
Authors: Zhang Luyan , Li Huihui , Wang Jiankang 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
In this study, we considered four categories of molecular markers based on the number of distinguishable alleles at the marker locus and the number of distinguishable genotypes in clonal F1 progenies. For two marker loci, there are nine scenarios that allow the estimation of female, male, and/or combined recombination frequencies. In a double cross population derived from four inbred lines, five categories of markers are classified and another five scenarios are present for recombination frequency estimation. Theoretical frequencies of identifiable genotypes were given for each scenario, from which the maximum likelihood estimates of one or more of the three recombination frequencies could be estimated. If there was no analytic solution, then Newton-Raphson method was used to acquire a numerical solution. We then proposed to use an algorithm in Traveling Salesman Problem to determine the marker order. Finally, we proposed a procedure to build the two haploids of the female parent and the two haploids of the male parent in clonal F1. Once the four haploids were built, clonal F1 hybrids could be exactly regarded as a double cross population. Efficiency of the proposed methods was demonstrated in simulated clonal F1 populations and one actual maize double cross. Extensive comparisons with software JoinMap4.1, OneMap, and R/qtl show that the methodology proposed in this article can build more accurate linkage maps in less time.
Possible production of arsenic hemoglobin adducts via exposure to arsine
Authors: Yamauchi Takenori , Yamano Yuko , Yamanaka Kenzo , Hata Akihisa , Nakadate Toshio , Kuroda Yoshiki , Endo Yoko , Endo Ginji 
Published: January 2015

Possible production of arsenic hemoglobin adducts via exposure to arsine: Takenori YAMAU‐CHI, et al. Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine, University of MiyazakiObjectiveArsine is an arsenic compound generated as a by‐product in metal refineries. Accidental poisoning occurs sporadically; however, the administrative level for workers has not been established. Thus, it is essential to identify a highly specific biomarker for risk management in the workplace. The aim of this study was to identify an arsenic adduct, a potential biomarker, in the plasma.MethodsPreserved mouse blood was exposed to arsine in vitro, and the plasma was separated. The residual clot of the control sample was hemolyzed using ultrapure water, and the supernatant was collected. Plasma from mice exposed to arsine in vivo was also separated from blood. Immunoprecipitation assays were conducted using all samples after ultrafiltration, and three fractions were collected. The total arsenic concentration in each fraction was quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The three in vitro samples and the eluate fraction from immunoprecipitation were analyzed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS).ResultsIn the exposed samples, the arsenic concentration in the fraction containing immunocomplexes was higher when immunoprecipitation was conducted with an anti‐globin antibody. Three peaks were specifically observed in arsine‐exposed samples after MALDI‐TOF‐MS analysis. Two of them were around m/z 15,000, and the other was m/z 15,700. The latter peak was confirmed even after immunoprecipitation.ConclusionsGlobin forms an adduct with arsenic after both in vitro and in vivo exposure to arsine. This adduct together with hemoglobinuria could be a candidate biomarker of acute arsine poisoning in plasma.
ACL Graft and Contralateral ACL Tear Risk within Ten Years Following Reconstruction
Authors: Magnussen Robert A. , Meschbach Nicole T. , Kaeding Christopher C. , Wright Rick W. , Spindler Kurt P. 
Published: January 2015

Background:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft tear and contralateral ACL injury have devastating effects on patient outcomes following ACL reconstruction. Long-term results after ACL reconstruction are being reported with greater frequency, allowing a detailed analysis of the long-term risk of failure.

Methods:
A systematic review of prospective studies that recorded the risk of ACL graft rupture and contralateral ACL injury following primary ACL reconstruction was performed. All studies included intra-articular ACL reconstruction with modern techniques and patellar tendon or hamstring autograft with a minimum follow-up of ten years.

Results:
Nine studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The overall ACL graft rupture risk was 7.9% (211 ruptures in 2682 reconstructions) and ranged from 3.2% to 11.1% in the individual studies. The overall risk of ACL injury in the contralateral limb was 12.5% (335 injuries in 2682 reconstructions) and ranged from 0.6% to 22.7% in the individual studies. Among the seven homogeneous studies that were pooled, the overall risk of a contralateral ACL tear was 1.63 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.30 to 2.04) times that of a graft tear during the follow-up period.

Conclusions:
At a minimum follow-up time of ten years, the risk of contralateral ACL tear significantly exceeds the risk of ACL graft rupture. Further work is necessary to understand and potentially reduce this risk of graft and contralateral ACL tears.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Brief: A PC/Workstation Cluster Computing Environment for Reservoir Engineering Simulation Applications
Authors: Hermes C.E. , Koo John 
Published: January 2015

Summary
Like the rest of the petroleum industry, Texaco has been transferring its applications and databases from mainframes to PC's and workstations. This transition has been very positive because it provides an environment for integrating applications, increases end-user productivity, and in general reduces overall computing costs. On the down side, the transition typically results in a dramatic increase in workstation purchases and raises concerns regarding the cost and effective management of computing resources in this new environment. The workstation transition also places the user in a Unix computing environment which, to say the least, can be quite frustrating to learn and to use. This paper describes the approach, philosophy, architecture, and current status of the new reservoir engineering/simulation computing environment developed at Texaco's E&P Technology Dept. (EPTD) in Houston. The environment is representative of those under development at several other large oil companies and is based on a cluster of IBM and Silicon Graphics Intl. (SGI) workstations connected by a fiber-optics communications network and engineering PC's connected to local area networks, or Ethernets. Because computing resources and software licenses are shared among a group of users, the new environment enables the company to get more out of its investments in workstation hardware and software.
Oral health related knowledge, attitude, and practice among school children of Jyamrung, Nepal
Authors: Shakya A , Shrestha M , Srivastav A , Kayastha B 
Published: January 2015

Oral diseases are common in school children of underprivileged region of developing countries. The community-based oral health promotion approach, using schools as a platform, is a way to tackle the oral health problems of community with limited human and financial resources. A base-line study was conducted in a school of Jyamrung so as to evaluate oral health related knowledge, attitude and practices among schoolchildren, based on which an oral health promotion program will be developed for the school. A descriptive study was conducted among all the students of the school. Oral heath related information of the students was collected using DMFT (Decayed Missing Filled Teeth) index and a questionnaire. A total of 88 children with age ranging from 6 to 16 years took part in the study. A total of 61% of the children had dental caries. Mean DMFT of the schoolchildren was 1.78 (SD 2.04). The Filled component score was 0. Children with the experience of tooth pain the previous year was 36.5% for 6-11 years of age, and 58.3% for 12-16 years of age. None of them had received any form of treatment following the pain. Only 4 children have dental consultation. Almost 92% of them have never received oral health education in their school. A comprehensive oral health care program is required to address the present oral health needs of the schoolchildren. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i3.11930Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(3): 1-4
Health related quality of life of diabetic patients visited in Koshi Zonal Hospital, Biratnanar
Authors: Mehta R K , Subedi S , Bohora S 
Published: January 2015

Globally, diabetes is ranked as the 4th leading cause of death in terms of disease and places a huge strain on public health funding. Quality of life (QOL) is an important and understudied topic in the diabetes. Most studies reports that quality of life among people with diabetes is worse than QOL in general population. Thus, this study is aimed to assess health related quality of life of diabetic patients. We conducted a hospital- based non experimental prospective study. Total 50 diabetic patients were enrolled in this study by using purposive sampling technique. Short-Form 36 questionnaire was used to assess the QOL of diabetic patients. Among 50 respondents, 27 were female and 23 were male. In physical health, 56% respondents had obtained score above 50, 2% respondents had obtained score 50 and 42% respondents had obtained score below 50.Similarly, in mental health, 56% respondents had obtained score above 50 and 44% respondents had obtained score below50. This result indicates that majority of respondents (56%) had better QOL. It concludes that majority (56%) of respondents had better QOL in both physical and mental health and in physical health 2% had average QOL and 42% had poor QOL and in mental health 44% had poor QOL. So, the family, physician, nurses and policy makers can use this finding to identify and implement appropriate interventions for better management and ultimately improving QOL of diabetic patients.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i3.11933Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(3): 13-16
Kayser-Fleischer Ring evaluation in Wilson's Disease in a tertiary eye care centre of Nepal
Authors: Sharma A K , Sitaula S , Thapa M , Shrestha G S , Gajurel B P , Oli K K 
Published: January 2015

Wilson’s disease is a hereditary disorder of copper metabolism which is characterized by neuropsychiatric and hepatic manifestations as well as appearance of Kayser-Fleischer ring. This is a retrospective review of the records of the patients of Wilson’s disease who attended Neuro-ophthalmic clinic for the identification of Kayser-Fleischer (K-F) ring from January2010 to June 2012. Detailed eye examination included visual acuity assessment, slit lamp biomicroscopy and intra-ocular pressure measurement. Data regarding clinical features, laboratory investigations and the status of K-F ring was recorded. Seven cases of Wilson’s disease with age range of 9-15 years were included in the study. Among them four (57.1%) had neuropsychiatric symptoms, two (28.5%) had hepatic disease and one (14.3%) was asymptomatic, diagnosed by positive family history and laboratory tests. Among four subjects having K-F ring, three (75%) subjects had neuropsychiatric symptoms and one subject had hepato-billiary disease. Besides K-F rings, other ophthalmic findings were sunflower cataract (14.3%) and vernal keratoconjuctivitis (14.3%). The identification of K-F ring is a simple and cost effective screening test for the diagnosis of Wilson’s disease. K-F is present in majority of the patients with neurological manifestations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i3.11934Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(3): 17-20
Auricular dissection method for treatment of preauricular sinus
Authors: Bhandari R , Limbu T R , Parajuli R , Thapa S 
Published: January 2015

Preauricular sinus is the common congenital disease with tendency for repeated infections. Standard surgical procedure i.e sinusectomy has more recurrence rate so we designed this study to observe the surgical outcome after supra-auricular dissection method. This is the prospective study conducted in Chitwan Medical College. All patients with problematic preauricular sinus were included for this study. All surgeries were done by single surgeon. Surgical outcomes were measured for short and long term duration. Thirty nine patients of all genders with symptomatic preauricular sinus were undergone supraauricular dissection. Majority of cases were unilateral disease, male patients, pits at ascending limb of helix, incision and drainage done previously. No recurrence is seen after this kind of surgery. supraauricular dissection method is the preferred one to every case of PAS irrespective to age, previous surgery. It has no recurrence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i3.11935Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(3):21-24
Patients' satisfaction with hospital services in Kathmandu
Authors: Subedi D , Uprety K 
Published: January 2015

Patient satisfaction is valid indicator for measurement of service quality. Patient’s opinions are important because dissatisfaction suggests opportunities for improvement of health services in the hospital. The objective of this study was to assess the patient satisfaction with hospital services. Descriptive survey study design was adopted for this study .The population of the study was the clients who have been inpatient in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) in Kathmandu. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used and 222 patients was selected through face to face interview using a structured and semi-structured questionnaire. Data was collected from 15th June to first October 2013. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Using Shapiro-Wilk test for normality. The result shows that on an average patients had higher satisfaction in technical skills (mean score± SD 3.78±0.33) followed by hospital policy (3.37±0.43), accessibility skill (3.33±0.43), interpersonal skill (3.31±0.36) and least satisfied with room service of the hospital (mean: 2.58±0.29). Based on the study finding, it is concluded that overall patient satisfaction was good regarding the quality of health care services of TUTH. Among the different domains of patient satisfaction, respondents were highly satisfied with technical skill of the nurses and doctors. Although the overall services provided by TUTH are satisfactory it is necessary to improve the room services which include overall cleanliness and comfort of the patient. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i3.11936Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(3):25-31
Knowledge on self care among COPD patients attending at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur
Authors: Subba H K , Subba R 
Published: January 2015

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and global health concern. COPD self care knowledge is a cornerstone for self-management of chronic illness. The objective of this study was to find out the level of knowledge on self care among COPD patients. A descriptive, cross sectional design and purposive sampling was applied in which 182 patients were interviewed by using semi-structure interviews schedule at Chitwan Medical College, Teaching Hospital, Bharatpur. Data was analyzed by using SPSS and descriptive and inferential test was applied. The study findings revealed that 36.8% of the respondents were between age group 61-70 years, 54.4% respondents were male, 59.9% were from Chitwan district, majority of the respondents (62.1%) were outpatient, 48.4% had a history of COPD more than 5 years, 83.2%were hospitalized 1-2 times in last year, 63.2% had no history of COPD in family members and all respondents got information from health personnel. Highest percentage (75) of mean score on smoking cessation and lowest (10) on weight monitoring. Most of all respondents (90.7%) had poor level of knowledge on self care of COPD. The respondents’ level of knowledge on self care is statistically significant with family history (p=0.048), educational status (p=0.000), and types of patient (p=0.017).So, there should be need of health education program for COPD patients about self care to improve knowledge. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i3.11938Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(3):34-37
A study on knowledge of HIV/AIDS among adolescents of higher secondary school in Jajarkot district of Nepal
Authors: Bharati M , Bharati L 
Published: January 2015

HIV/AIDS has killed more than 25 million people since it was first recognized in 1981, making it one of the most destructive epidemics in recorded history. It is an increasing public health problem of the people in the world. A descriptive study was carried out in 2013 at Jajarkot district of Nepal, to assess the knowledge of HIV/AIDS among adolescents of higher secondary school. Facilitator based self administered questionnaire was distributed among 150 students who were selected through simple random technique lottery method. The study showed that majority of the respondents had knowledge about HIV/AIDS and more than two third (77.3%) had knowledge about the causative agent of the disease. Regarding the transmission of disease, majority (94.7%) had responded through needle sharing and 93.3% respondents responded through contamination of blood. Highest percent of respondent (51%) had knowledge in symptoms i.e. weight loss. Majority had knowledge that condom use during sexual intercourse can prevent HIV/AIDS. Despite having adequate knowledge still there exists various misconceptions regarding HIV/AIDS among the adolescents. The knowledge among the respondents was quite satisfactory for most of the aspects like modes of transmission, sexual and behavioral practices and common symptoms and preventive measures of the disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v4i3.11940Journal of Chitwan Medical College 2014; 4(3):43-45
Evaluation of the corrosion resistance of plasma nitrided austenitic stainless steel
Authors: Mareci Daniel , Strugaru Sorin Iacob , Munteanu Corneliu , Bolat Georgiana , Souto Ricardo M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPlasma nitriding at 500°C for 14 h was applied to austenitic 304 stainless steel for surface hardening. The effect of surface treatment on the corrosion resistance of the material was investigated in naturally-aerated 0.5 M NaCl solution for 30 days using linear potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods. Both as-cast and plasma nitrided stainless steel samples underwent spontaneous passivation, though the nitrided sample exhibited more positive zero current potential, higher breakdown potential, and lower anodic current densities than the as-cast material. Impedance spectra were interpreted in terms of a duplex passive film, corrosion resistance mainly arising from a thin inner compact layer, whereas the outer layer was more porous and less sealing. Capacitive behaviour and high corrosion resistance were observed in the low and medium frequency ranges for the nitrided samples.
Les touristes du nucléaire : l'enjeu de l'accessibilité des sites de production EDF, 1974-1991
Authors: Lopez Fanny 
Published: January 2015

Cet article propose d’interroger l’évolution de l’accessibilité des sites de production d’Électricité de France (EDF) au moment où le pays fait le choix de l’indépendance énergétique, en 1974. Si le programme nucléaire semble être à l’origine du tourisme industriel français, quel est le processus qui a fait de ces centrales d’énergie des objets de tourisme ?