bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria: An Underestimated Cause of Bioprosthetic Valve Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Bouchiat Coralie , Saison Julien , Boisset Sandrine , Flandrois Jean-Pierre , Issartel Bertrand , Dauwalder Olivier , Benito Yvonne , Jarraud Sophie , Grando Jacqueline , Boibieux Andre , Dumitrescu Oana , Delahaye François , Farhat Fadi , Thivolet-Bejui Françoise , Frieh Jean-Philippe , Vandenesch François 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background.  Atypical mycobacteria, or nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), have been barely reported as infective endocarditis (IE) agents.
Methods.  From January 2010 to December 2013, cardiac valve samples sent to our laboratory as cases of blood culture-negative suspected IE were analyzed by 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR). When positive for NTM, hsp PCR allowed species ide.jpegication. Demographic, clinical, echocardiographic, histopathological, and Ziehl-Neelsen staining data were then collected.
Results.  Over the study period, 6 of 370 cardiac valves (belonging to 5 patients in 3 hospitals) were positive for Mycobacterium chelonae (n = 5) and Mycobacterium le.jpeglavum (n = 1) exclusively on bioprosthetic material. The 5 patients presented to the hospital for heart failure without fever 7.1–18.9 months (median 13.1 months) after biological prosthetic valve implantation. Echocardiography revealed paravalvular regurgitation due to prosthesis dehiscence in all patients. Histopathological examination of the explanted material revealed inflammatory infiltrates in all specimens, 3 of which were associated with giant cells. Gram staining and conventional cultures remained negative, whereas Ziehl-Neelsen staining showed acid-fast bacilli in all patients. Allergic etiology was ruled out by antiporcine immunoglobulin E dosages. These 5 cases occurred exclusively on porcine bioprosthetic material, revealing a statistically significant association between bioprosthetic valves and NTM IE (P &lt; .001).
Conclusions.  The body of evidence confirmed the diagnosis of prosthetic IE. The statistically significant association between bioprosthetic valves and NTM IE encourages systematic Ziehl-Neelsen staining of explanted bioprosthetic valves in case of early bioprosthesis dysfunction, even without an obvious sign of IE. In addition, we strongly question the cardiac bioprosthesis conditioning process after animal sacrifice.
Dollar Funding and the Lending Behavior of Global Banks*
Authors: Ivashina Victoria , Scharfstein David S. , Stein Jeremy C. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
A large share of dollar-denominated lending is done by non-U.S. banks, particularly European banks. We present a model in which such banks cut dollar lending more than euro lending in response to a shock to their credit quality. Because these banks rely on wholesale dollar funding, while raising more of their euro funding through insured retail deposits, the shock leads to a greater withdrawal of dollar funding. Banks can borrow in euros and swap into dollars to make up for the dollar shortfall, but this may lead to violations of covered interest parity when there is limited capital to take the other side of the swap trade. In this case, synthetic dollar borrowing also becomes expensive, which causes cuts in dollar lending. We test the model in the context of the Eurozone sovereign crisis, which escalated in the second half of 2011 and resulted in U.S. money market funds sharply reducing their exposure to European banks in the year that followed. During this period dollar lending by Eurozone banks fell relative to their euro lending, and firms who were more reliant on Eurozone banks before the Eurozone crisis had a more difficult time borrowing.
Relationship between Autophagy and Ventilator-induced Diaphragmatic Dysfunction
Authors: Azuelos Ilan , Jung Boris , Picard Martin , Liang Feng , Li Tong , Lemaire Christian , Giordano Christian , Hussain Sabah , Petrof Basil J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAbstract
Autophagy was rapidly induced in the diaphragm in a mouse model of ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction, but the autophagic process was not responsible for diaphragmatic weakness.

Background:
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is associated with atrophy and weakness of the diaphragm muscle, a condition termed ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (VIDD). Autophagy is a lysosomally mediated proteolytic process that can be activated by oxidative stress, which has the potential to either mitigate or exacerbate VIDD. The primary goals of this study were to (1) determine the effects of MV on autophagy in the diaphragm and (2) evaluate the impact of antioxidant therapy on autophagy induction and MV-induced diaphragmatic weakness.

Methods:
Mice were assigned to control (CTRL), MV (for 6 h), MV + N-acetylcysteine, MV + rapamycin, and prolonged (48 h) fasting groups. Autophagy was monitored by quantifying (1) autophagic vesicles by transmission electron microscopy, (2) messenger RNA levels of autophagy-related genes, and (3) the autophagosome marker protein LC3B-II, with and without administration of colchicine to calculate the indices of relative autophagosome formation and degradation. Force production by mouse diaphragms was determined ex vivo.

Results:
Diaphragms exhibited a 2.2-fold (95% CI, 1.8 to 2.5) increase in autophagic vesicles visualized by transmission electron microscopy relative to CTRL after 6 h of MV (n = 5 per group). The autophagosome formation index increased in the diaphragm alone (1.5-fold; 95% CI, 1.3 to 1.8; n = 8 per group) during MV, whereas prolonged fasting induced autophagosome formation in both the diaphragm (2.5-fold; 95% CI, 2.2 to 2.8) and the limb muscle (4.1-fold; 95% CI, 1.8 to 6.5). The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine further augmented the autophagosome formation in the diaphragm during MV (1.4-fold; 95% CI, 1.2 to 1.5; n = 8 per group) and prevented MV-induced diaphragmatic weakness. Treatment with the autophagy-inducing agent rapamycin also largely prevented the diaphragmatic force loss associated with MV (n = 6 per group).

Conclusions:
In this model of VIDD, autophagy is induced by MV but is not responsible for diaphragmatic weakness. The authors propose that autophagy may instead be a beneficial adaptive response that can potentially be exploited for therapy of VIDD.
Validation of the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool and Vital Signs in Relation to the Sensory and Affective Components of Pain During Mediastinal Tube Removal in Postoperative Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit Adults
Authors: Boitor Madalina , Fiola Jacinthe Lachance , Gélinas Céline 
Published: April 2015

Background:
The Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT) is a behavioral scale recommended in clinical practice guidelines for the assessment of pain in nonverbal intensive care unit (ICU) adults. Although the CPOT has been validated in various ICU patient groups, its association with the affective component of pain has not yet been explored, and in most studies, turning was the used nociceptive procedure.

Aim:
In this study, we aim to validate the use of the CPOT and vital signs in association with the sensory and affective components of pain during mediastinal tube removal (MTR) in postoperative cardiac surgery ICU adults.

Methods:
A sample of 125 patients participated in this prospective repeated-measures, within-subject study. A total of 6 assessments of the main study variables (CPOT scores and patients’ self-reports of pain intensity and unpleasantness) were completed by trained research assistants while patients were in the ICU. Assessments were done before, during, and 15 minutes after the nonnociceptive procedure (ie, noninvasive blood pressure taking [NIBP]) and nociceptive procedure (ie, MTR).

Results:
Discriminant validation of the scale use was supported as higher CPOT scores were obtained during MTR (mean [SD], 2.74 [1.61]) compared with NIBP (mean [SD], 0.50 [0.747]) (t
124 = 14.33, P < .001). Similarly, higher values were recorded for mean arterial pressure and heart and respiratory rates during MTR compared with NIBP (P < .01). During MTR, CPOT scores correlated significantly with self-report of pain intensity (r = 0.419, P < .01) and unpleasantness (r = 0.313, P < .01), supporting criterion and convergent validation. Conversely, vital signs did not correlate with either self-report.

Conclusions:
Study findings confirmed the validity of the CPOT for the assessment of the sensory and affective components of pain in the postcardiac surgery ICU adults. Vital signs were not specific to pain and should be used only as cues to begin further assessment of pain using validated instruments for this purpose.
Safety of a New Amino Acid Formula in Infants Allergic to Cow's Milk and Intolerant to Hydrolysates
Authors: Dupont Christophe , Kalach Nicolas , Soulaines Pascale , Bradatan Elena , Lachaux Alain , Payot François , De Blay Frédéric , Guénard‐Bilbault Lydie , Hatahet Riad , Mulier Sandra , Kapel Nathalie , Waligora‐Dupriet Anne‐Judith , Butel Marie‐José 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectives:Amino acid–based formulas (AAFs) are recommended for children with cow's‐milk allergy (CMA) failing to respond to extensively hydrolysed formulas (eHFs). We evaluated the effects of a new thickened AAF (TAAF, Novalac), containing a pectin‐based thickener, and a reference AAF (RAAF, Neocate) on allergy symptoms and safety, through blood biochemistry analysis and growth.Methods:Infants (ages < 18 months) with CMA symptoms failing to respond to eHFs were randomised in a double‐blind manner to receive TAAF or RAAF for 3 months. All of the infants were then fed TAAF for 3 additional months. Paediatric visits occurred at 1, 3, and 6 months. Blood samples were collected at inclusion and 3 months.Results:Results at 1 month were previously described. The 75 infants with proven CMA and eHF intolerance tolerated their allocated formula. At 3 months, the dominant allergic symptom had disappeared in 76.2% of the infants with TAAF and in 51.5% of the infants with RAAF (P = 0.026). The Scoring Atopic Dermatitis Index significantly improved more with TAAF than with RAAF (−27.3 ± 2.3 vs −20.8 ± 2.2, P = 0.048). Of the infants, 92.9% had normal stools (soft or formed consistency) with TAAF vs 75.8% with RAAF (P = 0.051). More infants in TAAF group had better quality of nighttime sleep (P = 0.036) and low frequency of irritability signs (P < 0.001). With both formulas, all of the biochemical parameters were within normal ranges. There were no differences between the 2 groups in any of the anthropometric z scores.Conclusions:The new TAAF was tolerated by all of the infants with CMA and intolerance to eHFs. Anthropometric and clinical data showed that both formulas were safe.
An Opinion on “Staging” of Infant Formula
Authors: Lönnerdal Bo , Hernell Olle 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBreast milk is a dynamic fluid with compositional changes occurring throughout the period of lactation. Some of these changes in nutrient concentrations reflect the successively slowing growth rate and developmental changes in metabolic requirements that infants undergo during the first year of life. Infant formula, in contrast, has a static composition, intended to meet the nutritional requirements of infants from birth to 6 or 12 months of age. To better fit the metabolic needs of infants and to avoid nutrient limitations or excesses, we suggest that infant formulas should change in composition with the age of the infant, that is, different formulas are created/used for different ages during the first year of life. We propose that specific formulas for 0 to 3 months (stage 1), 3 to 6 months (stage 2), and 6 to 12 months (stage 3) of age may be nutritionally and physiologically advantageous to infants. Although this initially may impose some difficult practical/conceptual issues, we believe that this staging concept would improve nutrition of formula‐fed infants and, ultimately, improve outcomes and make their performance more similar to that of breast‐fed infants.
Etomidate Versus Ketamine
Authors: Dişel Nezihat Rana , Yilmaz Hayri Levent , Sertdemir Yaşar , Yeşilağaç Hasan , Avci Akkan 
Published: April 2015

Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare the induction and recovery times, postsedation observation durations, and adverse effects of etomidate and ketamine in pediatric patients with fractures and/or dislocations requiring closed reduction in the emergency department.

Methods
Forty-four healthy children aged 7 to 18 years were included. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (24 patients) received etomidate and fentanyl, and group 2 (20 patients) received ketamine intravenously. The Ramsay Sedation Scale and American Pediatric Association discharge criteria were used to evaluate the patients.

Results
There were 70 fractured bones and 3 joint dislocations. Except in 1 case (2.3%), all of the injuries were reducted successfully. The mean amount of drugs used to provide adequate sedation and analgesia were 0.25 mg/kg of etomidate and 1.30 μg/kg of fentanyl in group 1 and 1.25 mg/kg of ketamine in group 2. Fourteen patients (31.8%) reported adverse effects, and none required hospitalization. There was no difference between the groups in the recovery times, occurrence of adverse effects, and postsedation observation durations (P > 0.05). The mean (SD) induction time for the patients in group 1 was 4.3 (1.0) minutes, whereas it was 2.2 (1.6) minutes in group 2 (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Etomidate induces effective and adequate sedation in the pediatric emergency department for painful orthopedic procedures. Ketamine, which has longer action times, might be preferred for reductions because orthopedic procedures could be lengthy.
A Case of Glomangiomatosis of the Ankle and Foot
Authors: Kim Minchul , Choi Yun Sun , Young Ki Won , Joo Jong Eun 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Glomangiomatosis, a rare category of glomus tumors, comprises 2% to 3% of glomus tumors in adults. We report a case of glomangiomatosis in a 48-year-old man who underwent multiple excisions of recurrent soft tissue masses in the ankle and foot. Ultrasonography revealed multiple nodular soft tissue tumors and dilated vascular channels with increased blood flow, suggesting the presence of vascular tumors. Here, we discuss the ultrasonography imaging features of glomangiomatosis, which have not been previously reported, correlate them with magnetic resonance imaging findings, and provide a brief review of the literature.
Abundant contribution of short tandem repeats to gene expression variation in humans
Authors: Gymrek Melissa , Willems Thomas , Zeng Haoyang , Markus Barak , Daly Mark J. , Price Alkes L. , Pritchard Jonathan , Erlich Yaniv 
Published: April 2015

AbstractExpression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) are a key tool to dissect cellular processes mediating complex diseases. However, little is known about the role of repetitive elements as eQTLs. We report a genome-wide survey of the contribution of Short Tandem Repeats (STRs), one of the most polymorphic and abundant repeat classes, to gene expression in humans. Our survey identified 2,060 significant expression STRs (eSTRs). These eSTRs were replicable in orthogonal populations and expression assays. We used variance partitioning to disentangle the contribution of eSTRs from linked SNPs and indels and found that eSTRs contribute 10%-15% of thecis-heritability mediated by all common variants. Functional genomic analyses showed that eSTRs are enriched in conserved regions, co-localize with regulatory elements, and are predicted to modulate histone modifications. Our results show that eSTRs provide a novel set of regulatory variants and highlight the contribution of repeats to the genetic architecture of quantitative human traits.
Identification and functional expression of genes encoding flavonoid O‐ and C‐glycosidases in intestinal bacteria
Authors: Braune Annett , Engst Wolfram , Blaut Michael 
Published: April 2015

SummaryGut bacteria play a crucial role in the metabolism of dietary flavonoids and thereby influence the bioactivity of these compounds in the host. The intestinal Lachnospiraceae strain CG19‐1 and Eubacterium cellulosolvens are able to deglycosylate C‐ and O‐coupled flavonoid glucosides. Growth of strain CG19‐1 in the presence of the isoflavone C‐glucoside puerarin (daidzein 8‐C‐glucoside) led to the induction of two proteins (DfgC, DfgD). Heterologous expression of the encoding genes (dfgC, dfgD) in Escherichia coli revealed no C‐deglycosylating activity in the resulting cell extracts but cleavage of flavonoid O‐glucosides such as daidzin (daidzein 7‐O‐glucoside). The recombinant DfgC and DfgD proteins were purified and characterized with respect to their quaternary structure, substrate and cofactor specificity. The products of the corresponding genes (dfgC, dfgD) from E. cellulosolvens also catalysed the O‐deglycosylation of daidzin following their expression in E. coli. In combination with three recombinant proteins encoded by adjacent genes in E. cellulosolvens (dfgA, dfgB, dfgE), DfgC and DfgD from E. cellulosolvens catalysed the deglycosylation of the flavone C‐glucosides homoorientin (luteolin 6‐C‐glucoside) and isovitexin (apigenin 6‐C‐glucoside). Even intact cells of E. coli expressing the five E. cellulosolvens genes cleaved these flavone C‐glucosides and, also, flavonoid O‐glucosides to the corresponding aglycones.
Surviving the heat: heterogeneity of response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae provides insight into thermal damage to the membrane
Authors: Guyot Stéphane , Gervais Patrick , Young Michael , Winckler Pascale , Dumont Jennifer , Davey Hazel Marie 
Published: April 2015

SummaryEnvironmental heat stress impacts on the physiology and viability of microbial cells with concomitant implications for microbial activity and diversity. Previously, it has been demonstrated that gradual heating of Saccharomyces cerevisiae induces a degree of thermal resistance, whereas a heat shock results in a high level of cell death. Here, we show that the impact of exogenous nutrients on acquisition of thermal resistance differs between strains.Using single‐cell methods, we demonstrate the extent of heterogeneity of the heat‐stress response within populations of yeast cells and the presence of subpopulations that are reversibly damaged by heat stress. Such cells represent potential for recovery of entire populations once stresses are removed. The results show that plasma membrane permeability and potential are key factors involved in cell survival, but thermal resistance is not related to homeoviscous adaptation of the plasma membrane. These results have implications for growth and regrowth of populations experiencing environmental heat stress and our understanding of impacts at the level of the single cell. Given the important role of microbes in biofuel production and bioremediation, a thorough understanding of the impact of stress responses of populations and individuals is highly desirable.
‘I've used the word cancer but it's actually good news’: discursive performativity of cancer and the identity of urological cancer services
Authors: Kazimierczak Karolina Agata , Skea Zoe 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDrawing on the ethnographic study of urological cancer services, this article explores how a set of particular discourses embedded in the everyday clinical work in a large teaching hospital in the UK helps materialise particular configurations of cancer and related professional identities. Emerging on the intersection of specific socio‐material arrangements (cancer survival rates, treatment regimens, cancer staging classifications, metaphors, clinical specialities) and operating across a number of differential relations (curable/incurable, treatable/untreatable, aggressive/nonaggressive), these configurations help constitute the categories of ‘good’ and ‘bad’ cancers as separate and contrasting entities. These categories help materialise particular distributions of power and are thus implicated in the making of specific claims about the identity of urological cancer services as unique and privileged. Exploring these issues in view of feminist and material‐semiotic approaches to studying science, technology and medicine, this article seeks to move away from the understanding of cancer discourses as primarily linguistic performances, proposing to see them instead as arrangements of practices and relations simultaneously material and semiotic through which particular categories, entities and phenomena acquire their determinate nature. In doing so, it seeks to contribute to sociology's broader concern with discursive performativity of cancer.
Living for the moment: men situating risk‐taking after the death of a friend
Authors: Creighton Genevieve M. , Oliffe John L. , McMillan Eva , Saewyc Elizabeth M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe primary cause of death for men under the age of 30 is unintentional injury and, despite health‐promotion efforts and programme interventions, male injury and death rates have not decreased in recent years. Drawing on 22 interviews from a study of men, risk and grief, we describe how a risk‐related tragedy shaped the participants’ understandings of and practices of risk‐taking. The findings indicate that most participants did not alter their perceptions and engagement in risky practices, which reflected their alignment to masculine ideals within specific communities of practice where risk‐taking was normalised and valorised. Continued reliance on risky practices following the death of a friend was predominantly expressed as ‘living for the moment,’ where caution and safety were framed as conservative practices that undermined and diluted the robustness ideally embodied by this subgroup of young men. Two main themes: living life, accepting death and upping the ante illustrate how risk‐taking can persist following a death. A smaller group of participants articulated a different viewpoint; reining in risk practices, to describe their risk management approaches after the death of a male friend. This novel study confirms the ongoing challenge of reducing men's risk‐taking practices, even after the death of a friend.
Expectations in the field of the Internet and health: an analysis of claims about social networking sites in clinical literature
Authors: Koteyko Nelya , Hunt Daniel , Gunter Barrie 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article adopts a critical sociological perspective to examine the expectations surrounding the uses of social networking sites (SNSs) articulated in the domain of clinical literature. This emerging body of articles and commentaries responds to the recent significant growth in SNS use, and constitutes a venue in which the meanings of SNSs and their relation to health are negotiated. Our analysis indicates how clinical writing configures the role of SNSs in health care through a range of metaphorical constructions that frame SNSs as a tool, a conduit for information and a traversable space. The use of such metaphors serves not only to describe the new affordances offered by SNSs but also posits distinct lay and professional practices, while reviving a range of celebratory claims about the Internet and health critiqued in sociological literature. These metaphorical descriptions characterise SNS content as essentially controllable by autonomous users while reiterating existing arguments that e‐health is both inherently empowering and risky. Our analysis calls for a close attention to these understandings of SNSs as they have the potential to shape future online initiatives, most notably by anticipating successful professional interventions while marginalising the factors that influence users’ online and offline practices and contexts.