bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforming Epidemiology for 21st Century Medicine and Public Health
Authors: Khoury Muin J. , Lam Tram Kim , Ioannidis John P.A. , Hartge Patricia , Spitz Margaret R. , Buring Julie E. , Chanock Stephen J. , Croyle Robert T. , Goddard Katrina A. , Ginsburg Geoffrey S. , Herceg Zdenko , Hiatt Robert A. , Hoover Robert N. , Hunter David J. , Kramer Barnet S. , Lauer Michael S. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Palmer Julie R. , Sellers Thomas A. , Seminara Daniela , Ransohoff David F. , Rebbeck Timothy R. , Tourassi Georgia , Winn Deborah M. , Zauber Ann , Schully Sheri D. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In 2012, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) engaged the scientific community to provide a vision for cancer epidemiology in the 21st century. Eight overarching thematic recommendations, with proposed corresponding actions for consideration by funding agencies, professional societies, and the research community emerged from the collective intellectual discourse. The themes are (i) extending the reach of epidemiology beyond discovery and etiologic research to include multilevel analysis, intervention evaluation, implementation, and outcomes research; (ii) transforming the practice of epidemiology by moving toward more access and sharing of protocols, data, metadata, and specimens to foster collaboration, to ensure reproducibility and replication, and accelerate translation; (iii) expanding cohort studies to collect exposure, clinical, and other information across the life course and examining multiple health-related endpoints; (iv) developing and validating reliable methods and technologies to quantify exposures and outcomes on a massive scale, and to assess concomitantly the role of multiple factors in complex diseases; (v) integrating “big data” science into the practice of epidemiology; (vi) expanding knowledge integration to drive research, policy, and practice; (vii) transforming training of 21st century epidemiologists to address interdisciplinary and translational research; and (viii) optimizing the use of resources and infrastructure for epidemiologic studies. These recommendations can transform cancer epidemiology and the field of epidemiology, in general, by enhancing transparency, interdisciplinary collaboration, and strategic applications of new technologies. They should lay a strong scientific foundation for accelerated translation of scientific discoveries into individual and population health benefits. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(4); 508–16. ©2013 AACR.
A Review of NCI's Extramural Grant Portfolio: Identifying Opportunities for Future Research in Genes and Environment in Cancer
Authors: Ghazarian Armen A. , Simonds Naoko I. , Bennett Kelly , Pimentel Camilla B. , Ellison Gary L. , Gillanders Elizabeth M. , Schully Sheri D. , Mechanic Leah E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground: Genetic and environmental factors jointly influence cancer risk. The NIH has made the study of gene–environment (GxE) interactions a research priority since the year 2000.Methods: To assess the current status of GxE research in cancer, we analyzed the extramural grant portfolio of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) from Fiscal Years 2007 to 2009. Publications attributed to selected grants were also evaluated.Results: From the 1,106 research grants identified in our portfolio analysis, a random sample of 450 grants (40%) was selected for data abstraction; of these, 147 (33%) were considered relevant. The most common cancer type was breast (20%, n = 29), followed by lymphoproliferative (10%, n = 14), colorectal (9%, n = 13), melanoma/other skin (9%, n = 13), and lung/upper aerodigestive tract (8%, n = 12) cancers. The majority of grants were studies of candidate genes (68%, n = 100) compared with genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (8%, n = 12). Approximately one-third studied environmental exposures categorized as energy balance (37%, n = 54) or drugs/treatment (29%, n = 43). From the 147 relevant grants, 108 publications classified as GxE or pharmacogenomic were identified. These publications were linked to 37 of the 147 grant applications (25%).Conclusion: The findings from our portfolio analysis suggest that GxE studies are concentrated in specific areas. There is room for investments in other aspects of GxE research, including, but not limited to developing alternative approaches to exposure assessment, broadening the spectrum of cancer types investigated, and conducting GxE within GWAS.Impact: This portfolio analysis provides a cross-sectional review of NCI support for GxE research in cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 22(4); 501–7. ©2013 AACR.
Genome- and Phenome-Wide Analyses of Cardiac Conduction Identifies Markers of Arrhythmia Risk
Authors: Ritchie Marylyn D. , Denny Joshua C. , Zuvich Rebecca L. , Crawford Dana C. , Schildcrout Jonathan S. , Bastarache Lisa , Ramirez Andrea H. , Mosley Jonathan D. , Pulley Jill M. , Basford Melissa A. , Bradford Yuki , Rasmussen Luke V. , Pathak Jyotishman , Chute Christopher G. , Kullo Iftikhar J. , McCarty Catherine A. , Chisholm Rex L. , Kho Abel N. , Carlson Christopher S. , Larson Eric B. , Jarvik Gail P. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Manolio Teri A. , Li Rongling , Masys Daniel R. , Haines Jonathan L. , Roden Dan M. 
Published: March 2013

Background—
ECG QRS duration, a measure of cardiac intraventricular conduction, varies ≈2-fold in individuals without cardiac disease. Slow conduction may promote re-entrant arrhythmias.

Methods and Results—

We performed a genome-wide association study to identify genomic markers of QRS duration in 5272 individuals without cardiac disease selected from electronic medical record algorithms at 5 sites in the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) network. The most significant loci were evaluated within the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium QRS genome-wide association study meta-analysis. Twenty-three single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 5 loci, previously described by CHARGE, were replicated in the eMERGE samples; 18 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were in the chromosome 3
SCN5A
and
SCN10A
loci, where the most significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms were rs1805126 in
SCN5A
with
P
=1.2×10
−8
(eMERGE) and
P
=2.5×10
−20
(CHARGE) and rs6795970 in
SCN10A
with
P
=6×10
−6
(eMERGE) and
P
=5×10
−27
(CHARGE). The other loci were in
NFIA
, near
CDKN1A
, and near
C6orf204.
We then performed phenome-wide association studies on variants in these 5 loci in 13859 European Americans to search for diagnoses associated with these markers. Phenome-wide association study identified atrial fibrillation and cardiac arrhythmias as the most common associated diagnoses with
SCN10A
and
SCN5A
variants.
SCN10A
variants were also associated with subsequent development of atrial fibrillation and arrhythmia in the original 5272 “heart-healthy” study population.

Conclusions—
We conclude that DNA biobanks coupled to electronic medical records not only provide a platform for genome-wide association study but also may allow broad interrogation of the longitudinal incidence of disease associated with genetic variants. The phenome-wide association study approach implicated sodium channel variants modulating QRS duration in subjects without cardiac disease as predictors of subsequent arrhythmias.
Quantitative Video-Oculography to Help Diagnose Stroke in Acute Vertigo and Dizziness
Authors: Newman-Toker David E. , Saber Tehrani Ali S. , Mantokoudis Georgios , Pula John H. , Guede Cynthia I. , Kerber Kevin A. , Blitz Ari , Ying Sarah H. , Hsieh Yu-Hsiang , Rothman Richard E. , Hanley Daniel F. , Zee David S. , Kattah Jorge C. 
Published: March 2013

Background and Purpose—
Strokes can be distinguished from benign peripheral causes of acute vestibular syndrome using bedside oculomotor tests (head impulse test, nystagmus, test-of-skew). Using head impulse test, nystagmus, test-of-skew is more sensitive and less costly than early magnetic resonance imaging for stroke diagnosis in acute vestibular syndrome but requires expertise not routinely available in emergency departments. We sought to begin standardizing the head impulse test, nystagmus, test-of-skew diagnostic approach for eventual emergency department use through the novel application of a portable video-oculography device measuring vestibular physiology in real time. This approach is conceptually similar to ECG to diagnose acute cardiac ischemia.

Methods—
Proof-of-concept study (August 2011 to June 2012). We recruited adult emergency department patients with acute vestibular syndrome defined as new, persistent vertigo/dizziness, nystagmus, and (1) nausea/vomiting, (2) head motion intolerance, or (3) new gait unsteadiness. We recorded eye movements, including quantitative horizontal head impulse testing of vestibulo-ocular-reflex function. Two masked vestibular experts rated vestibular findings, which were compared with final radiographic gold-standard diagnoses. Masked neuroimaging raters determined stroke or no stroke using magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with diffusion-weighted imaging obtained 48 hours to 7 days after symptom onset.

Results—
We enrolled 12 consecutive patients who underwent confirmatory magnetic resonance imaging. Mean age was 61 years (range 30–73), and 10 were men. Expert-rated video-oculography–based head impulse test, nystagmus, test-of-skew examination was 100% accurate (6 strokes, 6 peripheral vestibular).

Conclusions—
Device-based physiological diagnosis of vertebrobasilar stroke in acute vestibular syndrome should soon be possible. If confirmed in a larger sample, this bedside eye ECG approach could eventually help fulfill a critical need for timely, accurate, efficient diagnosis in emergency department patients with vertigo or dizziness who are at high risk for stroke.
Towards a History of Presence: Husserl’s Intersubjectivity and Rouch’s Montage
Authors: Redfield James Adam 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This paper proposes a new phenomenological approach to social history by clarifying, critiquing and developing key insights from Husserl’s late work. First, it clarifies how Husserl began to refute phenomenology’s so-called solipsism and ahistoricality by advancing a concept of history that integrates subjective, intersubjective and communal organizations of experience. This concept, his “history of presence”, can be called a “temporal mode of oriented constitution”. Its value is to show how a single recursive series of determinations organizes a diverse set of epistemic norms, personal memories, and intersubjective apperceptions. As we analyze each moment of this series, the history of presence emerges as highly relevant to social inquiry, inasmuch as it highlights the roles of intersubjective awareness and shared “world-time”. Second, however, the paper shows that Husserl grounded his history, not in this self-other-world triad, but in metaphysical foundations. By falling back on an atemporal principle of identity, Husserl’s thirst for Cartesian certainty obscured some of his insights. To develop these, the paper concludes with a new look at Les maîtres fous, a famous and controversial ethnographic film by Jean Rouch. Much of Rouch’s film echoes Husserl’s own problems, but Rouch’s use of montage replaces metaphysics with rhythm, identity with alterity, hegemony with mimicry, harmonious perception with dissonant yet generative apperception. Thus, Rouch dramatizes Husserl’s relevance to the phenomenology of social history. This paper’s internal critique and cross-cultural juxtaposition of Husserl’s late work portrays such relevance more accurately than Derrida’s uncharitable “metaphysics of presence” critique.
Aesthetic Experience, Subjective Historical Experience and the Problem of Constructivism
Authors: Clark Jonathan Owen 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This article takes as its starting point the recent work of Frank Ankersmit on subjective historical experience. Such an experience, which Ankersmit describes as a ‘sudden obliteration of the rift between present and past’ is connected strongly with the Deweyan theory of art as experiential, which contains an account of aesthetic experience as affording a similar breakdown in the polarization of the subject and object of experience. The article shows how other ideas deriving from the phenomenological tradition and the philosophy of perception can fruitfully be applied to the same terrain, and an account of aesthetic experience is built up that stresses embodied, differential and virtual aspects in the perception of aesthetic objects. The disruption and/or enhancement of these aisthetic aspects of perception, coupled with the self-conscious reflection thereby occasioned, is put forward as an account of aesthetic experience that links Ankersmit’s ideas with those of others, and a critical reading is made of a section of Ankersmit’s Sublime Historical Experience that centers on his experience of a painting by Francesco Guardi. The final section aims at strengthening aspects of Ankersmit’s ideas and renews his critique of the radical constructivism of Oakeshott.
Slippery Thermals and the Cumulus Entrainment Paradox*
Authors: Sherwood Steven C. , Hernández-Deckers Daniel , Colin Maxime , Robinson Francis 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
In numerical simulations of growing congestus clouds, the maximum upward velocities w typically occur in compact toroidal vortices or thermals. These maxima were tracked, and the momentum budget was analyzed within spherical regions centered on them with objectively determined radii approximately enclosing the vortex ring or pair. Such regions are proposed as an advantageous prototype for rising air parcels due to their prolonged identity as evident in laboratory flows. Buoyancy and other forces are generally less than 0.02 m s−2 (0.7 K). In particular, resolved mixing between thermals and their environment fails to produce the drag normally anticipated, often producing even a slight upward force, indicating that parcel models should allow for significantly different dilution rates for momentum than for material properties. A conceptual model is proposed to explain this as a result of the thermals' internal circulation and detrainment characteristics.
The implications of momentum dilution for cumulus development are explored using a simple model of a heterogeneous entraining parcel. Without friction, parcels reach the upper troposphere even at a high entrainment rate [~(2 km)−1] if the environment is sufficiently humid, whereas with standard momentum dilution, a much lower entrainment rate is required. Peak condensed water amounts and sensitivities of cloud amount and height to ambient humidity are significantly more realistic in the high-entrainment case. This suggests that revised treatments of friction and momentum could help address the “entrainment paradox” whereby entrainment rates implied by detailed cloud studies are higher than those typically preferred for parcel-based calculations.
Evaluation of the Surface Climatology over the Conterminous United States in the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program Hindcast Experiment Using a Regional Climate Model Evaluation System
Authors: Kim Jinwon , Waliser Duane E. , Mattmann Chris A. , Mearns Linda O. , Goodale Cameron E. , Hart Andrew F. , Crichton Dan J. , McGinnis Seth , Lee Huikyo , Loikith Paul C. , Boustani Maziyar 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Surface air temperature, precipitation, and insolation over the conterminous United States region from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program (NARCCAP) regional climate model (RCM) hindcast study are evaluated using the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Regional Climate Model Evaluation System (RCMES). All RCMs reasonably simulate the observed climatology of these variables. RCM skill varies more widely for the magnitude of spatial variability than the pattern. The multimodel ensemble is among the best performers for all these variables. Systematic biases occur across these RCMs for the annual means, with warm biases over the Great Plains (GP) and cold biases in the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico (GM) coastal regions. Wet biases in the Pacific Northwest and dry biases in the GM/southern Great Plains also occur in most RCMs. All RCMs suffer problems in simulating summer rainfall in the Arizona–New Mexico region. RCMs generally overestimate surface insolation, especially in the eastern United States. Negative correlation between the biases in insolation and precipitation suggest that these two fields are related, likely via clouds. Systematic variations in biases for regions, seasons, variables, and metrics suggest that the bias correction in applying climate model data to assess the climate impact on various sectors must be performed accordingly. Precipitation evaluation with multiple observations reveals that observational data can be an important source of uncertainties in model evaluation; thus, cross examination of observational data is important for model evaluation.
A Comparison between Gravity Wave Momentum Fluxes in Observations and Climate Models
Authors: Geller Marvin A. , Alexander M. Joan , Love Peter T. , Bacmeister Julio , Ern Manfred , Hertzog Albert , Manzini Elisa , Preusse Peter , Sato Kaoru , Scaife Adam A. , Zhou Tiehan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFor the first time, a formal comparison is made between gravity wave momentum fluxes in models and those derived from observations. Although gravity waves occur over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, the focus of this paper is on scales that are being parameterized in present climate models, sub-1000-km scales. Only observational methods that permit derivation of gravity wave momentum fluxes over large geographical areas are discussed, and these are from satellite temperature measurements, constant-density long-duration balloons, and high-vertical-resolution radiosonde data. The models discussed include two high-resolution models in which gravity waves are explicitly modeled, Kanto and the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5), and three climate models containing gravity wave parameterizations, MAECHAM5, Hadley Centre Global Environmental Model 3 (HadGEM3), and the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) model. Measurements generally show similar flux magnitudes as in models, except that the fluxes derived from satellite measurements fall off more rapidly with height. This is likely due to limitations on the observable range of wavelengths, although other factors may contribute. When one accounts for this more rapid fall off, the geographical distribution of the fluxes from observations and models compare reasonably well, except for certain features that depend on the specification of the nonorographic gravity wave source functions in the climate models. For instance, both the observed fluxes and those in the high-resolution models are very small at summer high latitudes, but this is not the case for some of the climate models. This comparison between gravity wave fluxes from climate models, high-resolution models, and fluxes derived from observations indicates that such efforts offer a promising path toward improving specifications of gravity wave sources in climate models.
Explaining the ‘immigration advantage’ and the ‘biculturalism paradox’: An application of the theory of demoralization
Authors: de Figueiredo John M 
Published: March 2013

Background: Recent immigrants have better mental health than the natives (‘immigration advantage’). Biculturals have better mental health than the monoculturals (‘biculturalism paradox’). Material: Mexican immigrants have lower rates of psychopathology than the US population. This is less true for Cubans and not true for Puerto Ricans. The ‘advantage’ also occurs in other groups. Biculturals have better mental health and endorse both cultures. Discussion: The theory of demoralization predicts that borrowing values from both cultures and applying them judiciously are more conducive to mental health than indiscriminately subscribing to either culture. Conclusion: The findings are consistent with the theory of demoralization.
A co-simulation method as an enabler for joint analysis and design of MAS-based electrical power protection and communication
Authors: Li Weilin , Luo Min , Zhu Lin , Monti Antonello , Ponci Ferdinanda 
Published: March 2013

Multi-agent system (MAS) protection is under investigation as a potential method for distributed control in modern electrical power systems. The coordination of the MAS is based on local measurements available to each agent’s site as well as on the information exchanged between agents over the communication network. Hence, the communication network should be considered to be a main factor in determining overall system performance. Numerical simulation is a fundamental tool of the design process. Existing electric power simulation tools can satisfactorily model traditional power systems where power and communication are considered to be decoupled and MAS are not present. Similarly, the simulation tools for communication systems have been developed independently from the application, particularly power system scenarios, so they are decoupled from the actual use of the information. If the loop between communication and power is closed and the coupling is strong, as in MAS-controlled power systems, such a simulation environment may yield unrealistic results. Aiming at filling this gap, this paper proposes a co-simulation solution for power systems, communication networks, and MAS, based on the extended capability of the co-simulation platform called VPNET. VPNET consists of three parts: Virtual Test Bed for time domain simulation of power systems, OPNET for the simulation of communication networks, and the Co-simulation Coordinator for data exchange and time synchronization between the other two simulators. The Co-simulation Coordinator has been exploited for MAS integration, as the rules of each agent are defined in the modules provided by the Co-simulation Coordinator. The proposed extended co-simulation platform is tested in the analysis of the performance of the MAS-based protection schemes of a medium-voltage DC shipboard power system. Numerical simulations have been performed for communication testing and protection testing. In the communication test, the network parameters (bandwidth and transmission time) are analyzed to evaluate the performance of the communication network under various conditions; in particular, links failure. The MAS-based protection system was then tested under various operating conditions of the communication network (latency and links failure). From the simulation results it can be seen that the designed MAS protection can handle these conditions successfully. Particularly in the link failure conditions, this co-simulation platform could simulate the re-routing process of the communication network and lead to correct protection performance, which is impossible with individual simulators alone. These simulation results show the utility of VPNET in exploring the design trade-offs between protection strategies and communication in the design phase.