bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence of stable interfaces under extreme plastic deformation
Authors: Beyerlein Irene J. , Mayeur Jason R. , Zheng Shijian , Mara Nathan A. , Wang Jian , Misra Amit 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Many processing techniques, such as solid-state phase transformation, epitaxial growth, or solidification, can make nanocomposite materials with preferred crystallographic orientation relationships at internal interfaces. On the other hand, metal-working techniques can make composites in bulk quantities for structural applications but typically the resulting bimetal interfaces lack crystallographic order and are unstable with respect to heating. Using a metal-working roll-bonding technique, we find that at extreme plastic strains, the bimetal interfaces develop a remarkably ordered, preferred atomic structure. Using atomic-scale and crystal-plasticity simulations, we study the dynamical stability conditions responsible for this counterintuitive phenomenon. We show that the emergent interface corresponds to a unique stable state, which leads to exceptional mechanical, thermal, and irradiation stability of the nanocomposite.
Shorter telomeres with high telomerase activity are associated with raised allostatic load and impoverished psychosocial resources
Authors: Zalli Argita , Carvalho Livia A. , Lin Jue , Hamer Mark , Erusalimsky Jorge D. , Blackburn Elizabeth H. , Steptoe Andrew 
Published: March 2014

Significance
These findings indicate that the combination of shorter leukocyte telomeres with high telomerase activity is associated with stress-related impairment of function at both the biological and psychological levels. Slow poststress recovery in cardiovascular activity in inflammatory responses and reduced stress responsivity in blood pressure and cortisol are indicative of a state of heightened allostatic load. Older men with the shorter telomere/high telomerase phenotype also show impoverished resources for dealing with stress, including low levels of social support and optimism and higher levels of hostility. The integrated approach taken in this study advances our understanding of the cellular substrate of stress-related processes and documents the dynamic interplay between social environmental exposures and the mechanisms underlying chromosomal integrity.
In vivo chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging allows early detection of a therapeutic response in glioblastoma
Authors: Sagiyama Koji , Mashimo Tomoyuki , Togao Osamu , Vemireddy Vamsidhara , Hatanpaa Kimmo J. , Maher Elizabeth A. , Mickey Bruce E. , Pan Edward , Sherry A. Dean , Bachoo Robert M. , Takahashi Masaya 
Published: March 2014

Significance
The prognosis and management of patients with glioma is vastly different depending on whether one detects tumor progression or treatment effects. Although the gold standard in the evaluation of treatment efficacy involves MRI, the currently available imaging methods often do not suffice to make the final decision. Our study demonstrated that amide proton transfer (APT) imaging, one subset of chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging, can detect molecular signals in glioma induced by short-term chemotherapy with temozolomide. These molecular events precede morphologic changes. The APT signal did not decrease in tumors resistant to chemotherapy. APT imaging may provide a useful prognostic biomarker of treatment response or tumor progression in glioma.
Assessing the homogenization of urban land management with an application to US residential lawn care
Authors: Polsky Colin , Grove J. Morgan , Knudson Chris , Groffman Peter M. , Bettez Neil , Cavender-Bares Jeannine , Hall Sharon J. , Heffernan James B. , Hobbie Sarah E. , Larson Kelli L. , Morse Jennifer L. , Neill Christopher , Nelson Kristen C. , Ogden Laura A. , O’Neil-Dunne Jarlath , Pataki Diane E. , Roy Chowdhury Rinku , Steele Meredith K. 
Published: March 2014

Significance
This paper offers conceptual and empirical contributions to sustainability science in general and urban-ecological studies in particular. We present a new analytical framework for classifying socioecological measures along a homogenization–differentiation spectrum. This simple 2 × 2 matrix highlights the multiscale nature of the processes and outcomes of interest. Our application of the conceptual framework produces needed empirical insights into the extent to which land management appears to be homogenizing in differing biophysical settings. Results suggest that US lawn care behaviors are more differentiated in practice than in theory. Thus even if the biophysical outcomes of urbanization are homogenizing, managing the associated sustainability implications may require a multiscale, differentiated approach.
Determinants of pore folding in potassium channel biogenesis
Authors: Delaney Erin , Khanna Pooja , Tu LiWei , Robinson John M. , Deutsch Carol 
Published: March 2014

Significance
The essential structural feature of canonical K, Na, and Ca channels is a permeation pathway created by four reentrant pore loops. This study provides insights into the biogenic determinants of this reentrant architecture, and therefore potential candidates for folding defects.
Mechanism governing a stem cell-generating
cis
-regulatory element
Authors: Sanalkumar Rajendran , Johnson Kirby D. , Gao Xin , Boyer Meghan E. , Chang Yuan-I , Hewitt Kyle J. , Zhang Jing , Bresnick Emery H. 
Published: March 2014

Significance
The continuous replenishment of differentiated cells, for example, those constituting the blood, involves proteins that control the generation and function of stem and progenitor cells. Although “master regulators” are implicated in these processes, many questions remain unanswered regarding how their synthesis and activities are regulated. We describe a mechanism that controls the production of the master regulator GATA binding protein-2 (GATA-2) in the context of blood stem and progenitor cells. Thousands of GATA-2 binding sites exist in the genome, and genetic analyses indicate that they differ greatly and unpredictably in functional importance. The parameters involved in endowing sites with functional activity are not established. We describe unique insights into ascertaining functionally important GATA-2 binding sites within chromosomes.
Neuronal calcium-binding proteins 1/2 localize to dorsal root ganglia and excitatory spinal neurons and are regulated by nerve injury
Authors: Zhang Ming-Dong , Tortoriello Giuseppe , Hsueh Brian , Tomer Raju , Ye Li , Mitsios Nicholas , Borgius Lotta , Grant Gunnar , Kiehn Ole , Watanabe Masahiko , Uhlén Mathias , Mulder Jan , Deisseroth Karl , Harkany Tibor , Hökfelt Tomas G. M. 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) are key determinants of cellular functions, as well as useful anatomical markers for neural subpopulations. Here, we reveal the distribution and phenotypes of neurons expressing neuronal calcium-binding proteins 1 and 2 (NECAB1/2) in intact mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) and spinal cord and after nerve injury using immunohistochemistry and the CLARITY method. In DRGs, NECAB1/2 are expressed in high numbers (∼70%) of all DRG neurons, including nociceptors. Axonal injury down-regulates NECAB2 in DRGs. In spinal cord, NECAB1/2 show a complementary distribution, mostly in excitatory neurons, and represent unique molecular markers for commissural neurons originally described by Ramón y Cajal. Our characterization of NECABs at the spinal level provides a basis for exploring their role in sensory functions, particularly pain.
Human cytomegalovirus pUL37x1-induced calcium flux activates PKCα, inducing altered cell shape and accumulation of cytoplasmic vesicles
Authors: Sharon-Friling Ronit , Shenk Thomas 
Published: March 2014

Significance
The human cytomegalovirus protein, pUL37x1, induces the release of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytosol, causing reorganization of the infected cell’s actin network with concomitant cell rounding. This study demonstrates that along with its effects on cell shape, calcium release induces the formation of large cytoplasmic vesicles late after infection. This formation requires the activity of a calcium-dependent kinase, protein kinase Cα, as well as enzymes required for the synthesis of fatty acids and lipids. The failure to produce vesicles is correlated with the reduced production of infectious, enveloped virus particles. This work identifies an additional consequence of pUL37x1 action and links de novo lipid synthesis with a specific morphological change after infection.
A Galactic origin for the fast radio burst FRB010621
Authors: Bannister K. W. , Madsen G. J. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The recent detection of fast radio bursts has generated strong interest in identifying the origin of these bright, non-repeating, highly dispersed pulses. The principal limitation in understanding the origin of these bursts is the lack of reliable distance estimates; their high dispersion measures imply that they may be at cosmological distances (0.1 &lt; z &lt; 1.0). Here, we discuss new distance constraints to the FRB010621 (a.k.a J1852−08) first reported by Keane. We use velocity resolved Hα and Hβ observations of diffuse ionized gas towards the burst to calculate an extinction-corrected emission measure along the line of sight. We combine this emission measure with models of Galactic rotation and of electron distribution to derive a 90 per cent probability of the pulse residing in the Galaxy. However, we cannot differentiate between the two Galactic interpretations of Keane: a neutron star with unusual pulse amplitude distribution or Galactic black hole annihilation.
Integrating Patient Safety in the OMFS Curriculum: Survey of 4-Year Residency Programs
Authors: Buhrow Suzanne Morse , Buhrow Jack A. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
In 2003, the Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) Committee on Health Professions Education Summit reported that students in all health professions should demonstrate competency in patient safety and performance improvement strategies to reduce the incidence of preventable medical errors. These recommendations have been adopted in medical, pharmacy, and nursing accreditation standards, yet not required in dental education. The purpose of this study was to explore if 4-year oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) residency programs are aligned with other health professions in following the Institute of Medicine’s recommendations to incorporate evidence-based patient safety training in the postgraduate curricula.

Methods
In October of 2012, a multiple choice questionnaire was sent to 27 four-year oral and maxillofacial surgery residency program directors via a link to Survey Monkey. A descriptive analysis of responses was performed upon achieving a 74% response rate.

Results
Ninety-five percent of the responding 4-year OMFS programs have integrated patient safety training in the residency curriculum. Seventy percent complete between 2 and 10 hours of safety training per academic year. Eighty percent of the programs apply human factors and system engineering theories in morbidity and mortality conferences, and 50% require residents to perform root cause analyses (RCA) of adverse events.

Conclusions
The results of this study indicate that the majority of 4-year OMFS programs include patient safety education in the residency curriculum, although the duration of training and integration of acquired knowledge into practice varied among participants.
Naloxone Triggering the RRT: A Human Antidote?
Authors: Guirgis Faheem W. , Gerdik Cynthia , Wears Robert L. , Kalynych Colleen J. , Sabato Joseph , Godwin Steven A. 
Published: March 2014

Objectives
At our institution, we observed an increase in opioid-related adverse events after instituting a new pain treatment protocol. To prevent this, we programmed the Omnicell drug dispensing system to page the RRT whenever naloxone was withdrawn on the general wards.

Methods
Retrospective review of a prospectively collected database with a before and after design.

Results
When comparing the two 12-month periods, there was a decrease in monthly opioid-related cardiac arrests from 0.75 to 0.25 per month (difference = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.04–0.96, P = 0.03) and a nearly significant decrease in code deaths from 0.25 to 0 per month (difference = −0.25; 95% CI, −0.02–0.52, P = 0.07) without a significant decrease in pain satisfaction scores (difference = −2.3; 95% CI, −4.4 to 9.0, P = 0.48) over the study period. There were also decreased RRT interventions from 7.3 to 5.6 per month (difference = −1.7; 95% CI, −0.31 to −3.03, P = 0.02) and decreased inpatient transfers from 2.9 to 1.8 transfers per month (difference = −1.2; 95% CI, −0.38 to −1.96, P = 0.005). When adjusting for inpatient admissions and inpatient days, there was a decrease in opioid-related cardiac arrests from 2.9 to 0.1 per 10,000 admissions (difference = −2.0; 95% CI, −0.2 to −3.8, P = 0.03) and a decrease in cardiac arrests from 0.5 to 0.2 per 10,000 patients (difference = −0.34; 95% CI, −.02 to −0.65, P = 0.04).

Conclusion
Naloxone-triggered activation of the RRT resulted in reduced opioid-related inpatient cardiac arrests without adversely affecting pain satisfaction scores.
Alignathon: A competitive assessment of whole genome alignment methods
Authors: Earl Dent , Nguyen Ngan , Hickey Glenn , Harris Robert S. , Fitzgerald Stephen , Beal Kathryn , Seledtsov Igor , Molodtsov Vladimir , Raney Brian J. , Clawson Hiram , Kim Jaebum , Kemena Carsten , Chang Jia-Ming , Erb Ionas , Poliakov Alexander , Hou Minmei , Herrero Javier , Solovyev Victor , Darling Aaron E. , Ma Jian , Notredame Cedric , Brudno Michael , Dubchak Inna , Haussler David , Paten Benedict 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundMultiple sequence alignments (MSAs) are a prerequisite for a wide variety of evolutionary analyses. Published assessments and benchmark datasets for protein and, to a lesser extent, global nucleotide MSAs are available, but less effort has been made to establish benchmarks in the more general problem of whole genome alignment (WGA).ResultsUsing the same model as the successful Assemblathon competitions, we organized a competitive evaluation in which teams submitted their alignments, and assessments were performed collectively after all the submissions were received. Three datasets were used: two of simulated primate and mammalian phylogenies, and one of 20 real fly genomes. In total 35 submissions were assessed, submitted by ten teams using 12 different alignment pipelines.ConclusionsWe found agreement between independent simulation-based and statistical assessments, indicating that there are substantial accuracy differences between contemporary alignment tools. We saw considerable difference in the alignment quality of differently annotated regions, and found few tools aligned the duplications analysed. We found many tools worked well at shorter evolutionary distances, but fewer performed competitively at longer distances. We provide all datasets, submissions and assessment programs for further study, and provide, as a resource for future benchmarking, a convenient repository of code and data for reproducing the simulation assessments.
Defining ecologically relevant water quality targets for lakes in Europe
Authors: Poikane Sandra , Portielje Rob , van den Berg Marcel , Phillips Geoff , Brucet Sandra , Carvalho Laurence , Mischke Ute , Ott Ingmar , Soszka Hanna , Van Wichelen Jeroen 
Published: March 2014

Summary

The implementation of the Water Framework Directive requires EU member states to establish and harmonize ecological status class boundaries for biological quality elements. In this paper, we describe an approach for defining ecological class boundaries that delineates shifts in lake ecosystem functioning and, therefore, provides ecologically meaningful targets for water policy in Europe.

We collected an extensive data set of 810 lake‐years from nine Central European countries, and we used phytoplankton chlorophyll a, a metric widely used to measure the impact of eutrophication in lakes. Our approach establishes chlorophyll a target values in relation to three significant ecological effects of eutrophication: the decline of aquatic macrophytes, the dominance of potentially harmful cyanobacteria and the major functional switch from a clear water to a turbid state.

Ranges of threshold chlorophyll a concentrations are given for the two most common lake types in lowland Central Europe: for moderately deep lakes (mean depth 3–15 m), the greatest ecological shifts occur in the range 10–12 μg L−1 chlorophyll a, and for shallow lakes (<3 m mean depth), in the range 21–23 μg L−1 chlorophyll a.

Synthesis and applications. Our study provides class boundaries for determining the ecological status of lakes, which have robust ecological consequences for lake functioning and which, therefore, provide strong and objective targets for sustainable water management in Europe. The results have been endorsed by all participant member states and adopted in the European Commission legislation, marking the first attempt in international water policy to move from physico‐chemical quality standards to harmonized ecologically based quality targets.
Release thresholds for moss spores: the importance of turbulence and sporophyte length
Authors: Johansson Victor , Lönnell Niklas , Sundberg Sebastian , Hylander Kristoffer 
Published: March 2014

Summary

Adequately describing the dispersal mechanisms of a species is important for understanding and predicting its distribution dynamics in space and time. For wind‐dispersed species, the transportation of airborne propagules is comparatively well studied, while the mechanisms triggering propagule release are poorly understood, especially for cryptogams.

We investigated the effect of wind speed and turbulence on spore release in the moss Atrichum undulatum in a wind tunnel. Specifically, we measured the amount of spores released from sporophytes when exposed to different wind speeds, in high and low turbulence, using a particle counter. We also related spore release to variation in vibrations of the sporophyte and investigated how the vibrations were affected by wind speed, turbulence and sporophyte length (here including capsule, seta and the top part of the shoot).

We show that in high turbulence, the amount of spores released increased with increasing wind speed, while in low turbulence, it did not, within the wind speed range 0.8–4.3 m s−1. However, there was a threshold in wind speed (˜2.5–3 m s−1) before large amounts of spores started to be released in turbulent flow, which coincided with incipient vibrations of the sporophyte. Thresholds in wind variation, rather than average wind speed, seemed to initiate sporophyte vibrations. The vibration threshold increased with decreasing sporophyte length.

The deposition of spores near the source decreased with increasing wind variation during the time of their release, based on simulated spore deposition from another study of moss dispersal.

Synthesis. We suggest that vibration of moss sporophytes is an important mechanism to regulate spore release and that turbulence and sporophyte length regulate the onset of sporophyte vibration. Spore release thresholds affect dispersal distances and have implications for our understanding and predictions of species distribution patterns, population dynamics and persistence. The mechanisms of this phase of the dispersal process are also important to explore for other species, as there may be a substantial variation depending on the species' different traits.
The Impact of Tiered Physician Networks on Patient Choices
Authors: Sinaiko Anna D. , Rosenthal Meredith B. 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveTo assess whether patient choice of physician or health plan was affected by physician tier‐rankings.Data SourcesAdministrative claims and enrollment data on 171,581 nonelderly beneficiaries enrolled in Massachusetts Group Insurance Commission health plans that include a tiered physician network and who had an office visit with a tiered physician.Study DesignWe estimate the impact of tier‐rankings on physician market share within a plan of new patients and on the percent of a physician's patients who switch to other physicians with fixed effects regression models. The effect of tiering on consumer plan choice is estimated using logistic regression and a pre–post study design.Principal FindingsPhysicians in the bottom (least‐preferred) tier, particularly certain specialist physicians, had lower market share of new patient visits than physicians with higher tier‐rankings. Patients whose physician was in the bottom tier were more likely to switch health plans. There was no effect of tier‐ranking on patients switching away from physicians whom they have seen previously.ConclusionsThe effect of tiering appears to be among patients who choose new physicians and at the lower end of the distribution of tiered physicians, rather than moving patients to the “best” performers. These findings suggest strong loyalty of patients to physicians more likely to be considered their personal doctor.
Retrospective study of surgery versus non‐surgical management in limited‐disease small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Jie , Li Shaolei , Chen Xiaoling , Han Jindi , Nie Jun , Dai Ling , Hu Weiheng , Tian Guangming , Ma Xiangjuan , Han Sen , Wu Di , Zheng Qingfeng , Yang Yue , Fang Jian 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe role of surgery in limited small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is still controversial. To assess the role of surgery in SCLC we performed a retrospective analysis of survival in a group of limited stage patients, who were managed with trimodal therapy including surgery, or with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.MethodsWe performed a retrospective survival analysis in a series of 153 limited stage SCLC patients treated between 1995 and 2013. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to calculate the overall survival of the surgical and non‐surgical groups.ResultsMedian survival in all patients was 21.5 months. Median survival for surgical and non‐surgical patients was 30.5 months and 16.9 months, respectively. The survival curves for the two arms are significantly different (P < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, the benefit of surgical treatment and thoracic radiotherapy varied in a time‐dependent fashion.ConclusionsOur results suggest that surgery added to chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be associated with a therapeutic benefit in limited SCLC.