bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimates of horizontal fluxes of oxygen, heat, and salt in western Long Island Sound
Authors: McCardell Grant , O'Donnell James 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the bottom waters of western Long Island Sound decreases to hypoxic levels between April and July. Since the rate of decline of DO is considerably less than measured respiration, there must be significant vertical transport of DO from oxygen richer waters near the surface and/or horizontal transport from the central Sound. Simple model budgets with either of these sources are able to provide predictions of the seasonal rate of decline that are consistent with the observed values. Although prior budget estimates indicated that vertical fluxes were a significant portion of the resupply of DO, these were not able to discount the possible importance of horizontal fluxes, nor have there been any measurements of horizontal fluxes in this region. We present an analysis of time series of moored conductivity, temperature, DO, and current observations in the hypoxic area of Long Island Sound during the summers of 2005 and 2006. We estimate the near‐bottom along‐channel flux divergences of salt, heat, and DO as 0.11 ± 0.08 g kg−1 d−1, −5 ± 6 W m−3, and 4 ± 6 μM d−1, respectively. Since this horizontal DO transport is only 25% of the magnitude of the mean rate of respiration, we conclude that vertical transport by mixing forms the bulk of the physical resupply of DO to the hypoxic zone of the western Sound.
The effect of nonionic monomer HAM on properties of cationic surfactant‐free acrylic/alkyd hybrid emulsion
Authors: Shui Xiaojun , Shen Yiding , Fei Guiqiang , Wang Haihua , Zhu Ke 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTA series of cationic acrylic/alkyd resin (CPAAR) hybrid emulsions was successfully prepared through surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization, using methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate and alkyd resin as reaction monomers. And nonionic N‐hydroxymethyl acrylamide (HAM) of different content was simultaneously incorporated into the CPAAR backbone. The structure of CPAAR copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infared spectrometer, and then the effect of HAM content on properties of CPAAR emulsions was studied by particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscopy and rheometer. In addition, thermal properties, water absorption and contact angle of CPAAR latex films were also investigated. The results showed that the CPAAR emulsions prepared with 4.9 wt % HAM displayed smallest average particle size of 92.2 nm. As HAM content increased from 0 to 19.6 wt %, the initial viscosity of the emulsions increased from 22.48 to 53 mPa.s. At the same time, the emulsions transferred from Newtonian fluid to pseudoplastic fluid, and a transition from viscous liquid to elastic liquid was also detected. Meanwhile, the degradation temperature at 5% weight loss increased by 30.59°C. In addition, with increasing HAM content from 0 to 4.9 wt %, the water absorption and surface free energy of films increased by 4.42% and 5.02 mJ m−2, respectively. However, the water absorption and surface free energy kept almost invariable with further increase in HAM content. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41406.
Improved heat and solvent resistance of a pressure‐sensitive adhesive thermally processable by isocyanate dimer dissociation
Authors: Asada Kazutaka , Fukano Kenji , Yamashita Keiji , Nakanishi Eiji 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTMethods that do not involve use of an organic solvent are being considered for manufacturing environmental‐friendly pressure‐sensitive adhesive tapes. Among these methods, the hot‐melt method exhibits high productivity but is somewhat limited in terms of performance. Hot‐melt‐fabricated pressure‐sensitive adhesives require heating fluidization and cooling solidification, and it is extremely difficult to improve their heat resistance. We examine thermally processable pressure‐sensitive adhesives with a completely new structure, fabricated based on the thermal dissociation of the isocyanate dimer. This enables thermal processing of materials softened by thermal dissociation. Fabrication of crosslinkable pressure‐sensitive adhesive becomes possible through a reaction of isocyanate caused by dissociation of its dimer. It is found that improving thermal and solvent resistances, which are disadvantages associated with conventional hot‐melt pressure‐sensitive adhesives, is potentially possible with the pressure‐sensitive adhesive reported here. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41444.
Influence of different concentrations of glycidylisobutyl‐POSS on the glass transition of cured epoxy resin
Authors: Pistor Vinicios , Puziski Lucas , Zattera Ademir J. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane glycidylisobutyl‐POSS was dispersed in epoxy resin by ultrasound, and the parameters of a phantom model, the Williams–Landel–Ferry (WLF) and Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) equations were modeled using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) to evaluate their influence on the glass transition state. The relaxation and retardation time distributions were estimated using a nonlinear regularization method, and the estimated physical parameters were discussed based on the results obtained from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM analysis indicated higher POSS dispersion with a spherical shape. The POSS dispersion was associated with the formation of micelles due to their hybrid character. The micelles favored the interconnections of the nodular microstructure of the epoxy thermosetting, which led to an increase in their Tg values. These interconnections increased the structure's percolation, promoted a reduction in the thermal expansion coefficient and resulted in a more homogeneous glass transition, in terms of a cooperative distribution in the relaxation times at the time scale measured. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41453.
Preparation and monovalent selective properties of multilayer polyelectrolyte modified cation‐exchange membranes
Authors: Deng Huining , Wang Zixia , Zhang Wei , Hu Baisong , Zhang Shaofeng 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis study reports the modification of commercial cation‐exchange membrane by layer‐by‐layer adsorption of polyethyleneimine and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to endow them with monovalent ion selectivity. The chemical and morphological changes of the modified membrane surface were examined by ATR‐FTIR and SEM, respectively. The permselectivity for monovalent cations of the membranes was investigated by electrodialysis experiments. The effects of deposited bilayer number, the salt concentration, and pH of the dipping polyelectrolyte solutions on selectivity were investigated. Meanwhile, the resistance of membranes was measured taking energy consumption into consideration. The polyelectrolyte multilayer was crosslinked using epichlorohydrin to improve stability, and the durability of the composite membrane was studied. Separation mechanism of the composite membrane was also investigated. It is demonstrated that the bivalent cations are mainly rejected by electrostatic repulsion from the positive charge on the surface of the composite membranes. The sieving effect of the dense structure of skin layer becomes more pronounced with the number of deposited layers increased. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41488.
Coronary Anomalies in Mice With Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Tomanek Robert J. , Yu Qing , Lo Cecilia W. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTBackground: Coronary anomalies are frequently associated with congenital cardiac defects. Accordingly, we tested the hypothesis that the development of the tunica media of coronary arteries/arterioles is compromised in mice with cardiac defects of the outflow tract (persistent truncus arteriosus, double outlet right ventricle and transposition of the great arteries) by studying hearts of G7‐9 generation mice bred from mutagenized mice caused by N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea. Mice were studied at embryonic days E16.5, E17.5, and postnatal days 1 and 11. Data were based on immunohistochemistry of serial sections. Results: In 21 of 24 mice with outflow tract defects, the development of smooth muscle in arteries and arterioles was retarded; most commonly arterioles had an incomplete layer of smooth muscle or in a few instances, lacked a tunica media. In this model, an absence of a coronary ostium occurred in only 2 mice, indicating that the mechanisms underlying the formation of coronary ostia and the recruitment and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle differ. Coronary fistulas were present in 20% and dilated vessels in 30% of the hearts with cardiac defects. Conclusions: The data suggest that vascular smooth muscle recruitment and differentiation are not necessarily linked to other coronary anomalies, such as absence of a main coronary artery or branching patterns. Anat Rec, 298:408–417, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Calendula Officinalis Cream on Achilles Tendon Healing
Authors: Aro A.A. , Perez M.O. , Vieira C.P. , Esquisatto M.A.M. , Rodrigues R.A.F. , Gomes L. , Pimentel E.R. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn recent years, the scientific community has undertaken research on plant extracts, searching for compounds with pharmacological activities that can be used in diverse fields of medicine. Calendula officinalis L. is known to have antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, and wound healing properties when used to treat skin burns. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of C. officinalis on the initial phase of Achilles tendon healing. Wistar rats were separated in three groups: Calendula (Cal)—rats with a transected tendon were treated with topical applications of C. officinalis cream and then euthanized 7 days after injury; Control (C)—rats were treated with only vehicle after transection; and Normal (N)—rats without tenotomy. Higher concentrations of hydroxyproline (an indicator of total collagen) and non‐collagenous proteins were observed in the Cal group in relation to the C group. Zymography showed no difference in the amount of the isoforms of metalloproteinase‐2 and of metalloproteinase‐9, between C and Cal groups. Polarization microscopy images analysis showed that the Cal group presented a slightly higher birefringence compared with the C group. In sections of tendons stained with toluidine blue, the transected groups presented higher metachromasy as compared with the N group. Immunocytochemistry analysis for chondroitin‐6‐sulfate showed no difference between the C and Cal groups. In conclusion, the topical application of C. officinalis after tendon transection increases the concentrations of collagen and non‐collagenous proteins, as well as the collagen organization in the initial phase of healing. Anat Rec, 298:428–435, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
INHIBITION OF INSECT GLUTATHIONE S‐TRANSFERASE (GST) BY CONIFER EXTRACTS
Authors: Wang Zhiling , Zhao Zhong , Abou‐Zaid Mamdouh M. , Arnason John T. , Liu Rui , Walshe‐Roussel Brendan , Waye Andrew , Liu Suqi , Saleem Ammar , Cáceres Luis A. , Wei Qin , Scott Ian M. 
Published: September 2014

Insecticide synergists biochemically inhibit insect metabolic enzyme activity and are used both to increase the effectiveness of insecticides and as a diagnostic tool for resistance mechanisms. Considerable attention has been focused on identifying new synergists from phytochemicals with recognized biological activities, specifically enzyme inhibition. Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.), black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP.), balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), and tamarack larch (Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch) have been used by native Canadians as traditional medicine, specifically for the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties based on enzyme inhibitory activity. To identify the potential allelochemicals with synergistic activity, ethanol crude extracts and methanol/water fractions were separated by Sephadex LH‐20 chromatographic column and tested for in vitro glutathione S‐transferase (GST) inhibition activity using insecticide‐resistant Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) midgut and fat‐body homogenate. The fractions showing similar activity were combined and analyzed by ultra pressure liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. A lignan, (+)‐lariciresinol 9′‐p‐coumarate, was identified from P. mariana cone extracts, and L. laricina and A. balsamea bark extracts. A flavonoid, taxifolin, was identified from P. mariana and P. banksiana cone extracts and L. laricina bark extracts. Both compounds inhibit GST activity with taxifolin showing greater activity compared to (+)‐lariciresinol 9′‐p‐coumarate and the standard GST inhibitor, diethyl maleate. The results suggested that these compounds can be considered as potential new insecticide synergists.
Molecular Pop‐up Toy: A Molecular Machine Based on Folding/Unfolding Motion of Alkyl Chains Bound to a Host
Authors: Ko Young Ho , Hwang Ilha , Kim Hyunuk , Kim Youngkook , Kim Kimoon 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe have designed and synthesized a new type of molecular machine based on the folding/unfolding motion of an alkyl chain bound to a host, triggered by a redox stimulus. A guest molecule containing a viologen unit with a long alkyl chain 12+ and its one‐electron reduced species 1 form very stable 1:1 host–guest complexes 22+ and 2, respectively, with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), where the long alkyl chain of the guests is in a folded conformation inside the host cavity. Upon addition of 2,6‐dihydroxynaphthalene as an electron donor, the binary complex 22+ turns into a ternary complex 32+ through host‐stabilized charge‐transfer complex formation with the alkyl chain extended into the solution outside the host cavity. The ternary complex behaves like a molecular machine reminiscent of a pop‐up toy, as it shows reversible folding/unfolding motion of the alkyl chain of the guest in response to a redox stimulus. For example, one‐electron reduction of 32+ results in the rapid generation of the 2 complex, accompanied by a dramatic conformational change of the alkyl chain from an extended to a folded conformation, and the process can be reversed by oxidation.
Expanded and fixed bed ion exchange chromatography for the recovery of C‐phycocyanin in a single step by using lysed cells
Authors: Moraes Caroline Costa , Sala Luisa , Ores Joana da Costa , Braga Anna Rafaela Cavalcante , Costa Jorge Alberto Vieira , Kalil Susana Juliano 
Published: September 2014

AbstractC‐phycocyanin, a natural blue dye, stands out today because it has antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐tumor properties, and it can be extracted from cyanobacteria, such as the genus Spirulina. A process that has received attention is the adsorption of proteins in the presence of biomass by fluidized bed, particularly an expanded bed. Therefore, this study aimed at purifying C‐phycocyanin by ion exchange chromatography in expanded bed in the presence of biomass with two different resins (Streamline Q XL and Streamline DEAE) and comparing the purification process of C‐phycocyanin by applying the fixed bed ion exchange chromatography. The expanded bed purification carried out with the support of Streamline Q XL was considered more promising than with Streamline DEAE since the former had higher C‐phycocyanin recovery than the latter. The fraction C‐phycocyanin in the expanded bed mode with Streamline Q XL had average purity of 1.6, concentration of 2.4 mg mL−1, and recovery process of 79 %. Moreover, by comparison with the fixed bed, the recovery of C‐phycocyanin was higher in the expanded mode, even though both purity levels were similar. It has been shown that such crude feedstocks can be applied to the bed without prior clarification steps. As a result, the single‐step recovery process (clarification, capture, and purification) can be established, thus eliminating the centrifugation step, saving energy, and reducing the cost of the process.
Novel role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in maintaining adult mouse olfactory neuronal homeostasis
Authors: Pfister Sandra , Weber Tamara , Härtig Wolfgang , Schwerdel Cornelia , Elsaesser Rebecca , Knuesel Irene , Fritschy Jean‐Marc 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe olfactory epithelium (OE) of mice deficient in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) exhibits ion transport deficiencies reported in human CF airways, as well as progressive neuronal loss, suggesting defects in olfactory neuron homeostasis. Microvillar cells, a specialized OE cell‐subtype, have been implicated in maintaining tissue homeostasis. These cells are endowed with a PLCβ2/IP3R3/TRPC6 signal transduction pathway modulating release of neuropeptide Y (NPY), which stimulates OE stem cell activity. It is unknown, however, whether microvillar cells also mediate the deficits observed in CFTR‐null mice. Here we show that Cftr mRNA in mouse OE is exclusively localized in microvillar cells and CFTR immunofluorescence is coassociated with the scaffolding protein NHERF‐1 and PLCβ2 in microvilli. In CFTR‐null mice, PLCβ2 was undetectable, NHERF‐1 mislocalized, and IP3R3 more intensely stained, along with increased levels of NPY, suggesting profound alteration of the PLCβ2/IP3R3 signaling pathway. In addition, basal olfactory neuron homeostasis was altered, shown by increased progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis and by reduced regenerative capacity following methimazole‐induced neurodegeneration. The importance of CFTR in microvillar cells was further underscored by decreased thickness of the OE mucus layer and increased numbers of immune cells within this tissue in CFTR‐KO mice. Finally, we observed enhanced immune responses to an acute viral‐like infection, as well as hyper‐responsiveness to chemical and physical stimuli applied intranasally. Taken together, these data strengthen the notion that microvillar cells in the OE play a key role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and identify several mechanisms underlying this regulation through the multiple functions of CFTR. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:406–430, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An auditing mechanism for the security of service in grid
Authors: Liu Zhusong , Li Zhike , Sun Sheng , Li Yunfa 
Published: September 2014

SummaryWith the growth of system scale, ensuring the security of service in grid has become a challenge. To tackle this problem, an auditing mechanism for the security of service in grid is proposed in this paper. In the auditing mechanism, we first define and analyze some atomic services for grid application based on the service processes of tasks. Then, we propose several detecting methods for these automatic services. Finally, we propose an auditing model for the security of service and conduct a series of experiments to justify the availability and feasibility of the proposed auditing mechanism. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach is effective and efficient. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulatory skill as a resilience factor for adults with a history of foster care: A pilot study
Authors: Johnson Angela J. , Tottenham Nim 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIndividuals with a history of foster care (FC) are at elevated risk for emotion regulation‐related mental illness. The purpose of the current study was to characterize regulatory function in a group of adults with a history of FC (N = 26) relative to those without a history of FC (N = 27) and how regulatory function moderates adverse caregiving‐related outcomes (daily cortisol production and trait anxiety). Self‐report items (anxiety, emotion regulation strategies, inhibitory control, caregiving history) were collected along with more objective measures (computerized task and salivary cortisol). Inhibitory control was assessed via self‐report and a computerized task (emotional face go/nogo). Results showed that for adults with a history of FC, higher levels of inhibitory control were associated with higher accuracy on the emotional face go/nogo task and greater reported use of the emotion regulation strategy cognitive reappraisal. Greater use of cognitive reappraisal in turn was associated with healthier stress‐related outcomes (decreased trait anxiety and steeper sloped cortisol production throughout the day). Dose‐response associations were observed between self‐reported regulatory skills and FC experiences (i.e., number of placements and age when exited foster care). These findings suggest that adverse caregiving can have long‐term influences on mental health that extend into adulthood; however, individual differences in regulatory skills moderate these outcomes and may be an important target for intervention following caregiving adversity. ©2014 The Authors. Developmental Psychobiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 57: 1–16, 2015.
Identification and quantification of canolol and related sinapate precursors in Indian mustard oils and Canadian mustard products
Authors: Thiyam‐Holländer Usha , Aladedunye Felix , Logan Amy , Yang Haifeng , Diehl Bernd W. K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCanadian condiment yellow mustard seeds (also called white), oriental and brown mustard seeds and flour extracts and commercially produced Indian mustard oils were examined for bioactive phenolics primarily to identify the antioxidant properties. Phenolic compounds, namely sinapic acid, sinapoyl glucose and canolol, were quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) coupled with a diode array detector (DAD). Canolol was detected and confirmed in trace amounts for the first time in commercial oils that had not been preheated specific for canolol production, most likely due to heat applied during processing. Sinapic acid, sinapine and canolol derived from unheated/unroasted mustard seeds and canola extracts were confirmed utilizing HPLC‐DAD, ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem‐mass spectrometry (UPLC‐tandem‐MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.Practical applications: Oilseeds canola and mustard contain significant amounts of phenolic compounds, principally sinapic acid derivatives. The level and functionality of these phenolic is highly influenced by the processing conditions. In the current study, the phenolic composition of some commercial mustard seed, oil, meal and flour samples were profiled with special focus on the occurrence of canolol, the decarboxylation product of sinapic acid. This study suggests that optimizing the crushing, pressing, or extraction steps during processing is crucial to enrich mustard and canola products with benefits associated with these bioactives, especially canolol.The existence of sinapic acid derivatives was confirmed in the 70% aqueous methanolic extracts of commercial mustard products such as deheated mustard flour and oil. Extracts of mustard, in addition to canola, contain significant amounts of phenolics, mainly sinapine. Traditional ghani pressing, cold pressing and/or screw expeller pressing hold potential for enriching mustard and sinapate‐rich oil with benefits associated with canolol.