bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Biomechanical Study of Femoral Neck Fracture Fixation with Two or Three Cannulated Screws in Dogs
Authors: Caldeira Fátima Maria C. , Rahal Sheila C. , Cassanego Guilherme R. , Ribeiro Celso R. , Serrato Sergio A.A. , Mele Carlos E. , Masseran Paulo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objective To evaluate the in vitro mechanical properties of basilar fractures of the femoral neck stabilized with two or three titanium-cannulated screws in dogs.
Study Design Ex vivo study.
Sample Population Cadaveric canine femur (n = 21).
Methods The bones were divided as follows: Group 1: control (no osteotomy); Group 2: osteotomy and stabilization with two cannulated screws; and Group 3: osteotomy and stabilization with three cannulated screws. All groups were tested with destructive axial compression with load applied to the femoral head. The stiffness, load, and displacement were evaluated at the failure of Group 1, and the yield load and displacement of Groups 2 and 3.
Results The placement of the three cannulated screws was more demanding than two cannulated screws because of the risk of cortical perforation, especially in the trochanteric fossa area. The smaller the width of the femoral neck, the higher the risk of cortical bone wall perforation. The intact control bones were stiffer (674 N/mm) than both the two-screw repair (90 N/mm) and three-screw repair (120 N/mm) groups (p < 0.05). The failure load was greatest for Group 1 (2692 N). The yield loads for Groups 3 and 2 were 586 and 303 N, respectively. There was no difference between groups for displacement.
Conclusion In vitro cadaveric models of femoral neck basilar fractures repaired with three cannulated screws were significantly stronger than two cannulated screws, but the clinical efficacy must be evaluated by comparing them in vitro with noncannulated stainless steel screws.
A strategy for more reliably obtaining Y3Fe5O12 thin films with both low damping and highly spin transparent surface
Authors: Xie Yunfei , Chen Shuyao , Yang Yucong , Gao Dong , Chen Qiuli , Bi Ziyue , Liu Yuhang , Bi Lei , Chen Haiyuan , Liu Donghua , Liu Tao 
Published: August 2024

This paper reports a strategy for more reliably obtaining sputtered thin yttrium–iron–garnet (YIG) films possessing both low magnetic damping (α) and a highly spin transparent surface, which represent two of the most important properties for YIG films applied in spintronic devices. The two key points of this strategy, concluded from our systematical studies, are as follows: oxygen reactive sputtering of a slight Y-rich YIG target to avoid the over-stoichiometry of the Fe component and at the same time minimize oxygen vacancy density; and employing phosphoric acid wet etching to remove the inevitable thin magnetic dead layer formed on the surface. The feasibility of this strategy was proved by the achievement of a high quality 30 nm-thick YIG film. It possesses a ferromagnetic resonance linewidth of only 3.4 Oe at 8 GHz, α of only 4.6 × 10−4, and a very spin-transparent surface, as proved by the measured extremely large spin pumping voltage of 650.1 µV after depositing a 3 nm Pt layer.
Temperature dependence of spatial nanoheterogeneities of shear modulus in supercooled glycerol
Authors: Novikov V. N. 
Published: August 2024

The boson peak in the terahertz vibrational spectrum carries information about nano-heterogeneities in the shear modulus in glass formers. Its evolution upon heating or cooling in a supercooled liquid state may shed light on the temperature dependence of heterogeneities. For this purpose, an analysis of the light scattering spectra of supercooled glycerol in the spectral range of the boson peak and fast relaxation was carried out and the parameters of the boson peak in the temperature range 180–330 K were determined. The temperature dependent frequency of the boson peak was then expressed in terms of the mean-square amplitude of the shear modulus fluctuations. This was done using the heterogeneous elasticity theory in combination with the perturbation theory on small fluctuations and Ioffe–Regel criterion for transverse vibrations in glass formers. The contribution of structural relaxation effects to phonon damping becomes significant with increasing temperature. It is shown here that structural relaxation largely determines the temperature dependence of the mean-square fluctuations of the shear modulus at high temperatures. By solving the inverse problem, the temperature dependence of shear modulus fluctuations was obtained. It shows a rapid decrease above ∼250 K with a linear extrapolation going to zero at the so-called Arrhenius temperature TA = 350 K. Comparison with literature data on the Landau–Placzek ratio shows that they have a similar temperature dependence at T &lt; TA, which is explained by the appearance of nanometer scale spatial heterogeneities below TA. This is confirmed by the temperature dependence of the amplitude of the boson peak.
Thermal history-dependent characteristics in van der Waals ferromagnet Fe5−xGeTe2 (x ∼ 0.16)
Authors: Yadav Ramesh Lalmani , Bag Pallab , Lai Chien-Chih , Kuo Yung-Kang , Kuo Chia-Nung , Lue Chin-Shan 
Published: August 2024

We investigated the thermal-history dependence of physical properties in a quenched Fe5−xGeTe2 (x ∼ 0.16) single crystal by measuring magnetization (M), electrical resistivity (ρ), Seebeck coefficient (S), and thermal conductivity (κ) as a function of temperature (T). The results reveal anomalies in these physical quantities around various transition points: ferromagnetic (TC ∼ 310–300 K), helimagnetic (TH ∼ 275 K), charge ordering (TCO ∼ 165 K), spin-reorientation (T* ∼ 100–120 K), and a Fermi-liquid (FL) phase below TL ∼ 35 K. Using power-law fitting, the M(T) analysis near TC shows that Fe moments become primarily itinerant after thermal cycling. The ρ(T) results indicate inherent residual stresses in the crystal that alter with thermal cycling, influencing ferromagnetic domain formations within grain boundaries. The system exhibits a strongly correlated FL behavior at low temperatures, which ceases above TL due to spin fluctuations. In the T-range of T* ≤ T ≤ TCO, ρ(T) and S(T) analyses suggest significant electronic band structure modifications with multiband effects. The κ(T) data indicate phonon-dominated heat transport in the crystal, with a phonon behavior influenced by inherent lattice strains following initial thermal cycles, as evidenced by the decreased phonon peak height at low temperatures. In addition, there is evidence of phonon localization and electron–phonon coupling at higher temperatures.
Cathodoluminescence studies of electron injection effects in p-type gallium oxide
Authors: Chernyak Leonid , Schulte Alfons , Li Jian-Sian , Chiang Chao-Ching , Ren Fan , Pearton Stephen J. , Sartel Corinne , Sallet Vincent , Chi Zeyu , Dumont Yves , Chikoidze Ekaterine , Ruzin Arie 
Published: August 2024

It has recently been demonstrated that electron beam injection into p-type β-gallium oxide leads to a significant linear increase in minority carrier diffusion length with injection duration, followed by its saturation. The effect was ascribed to trapping of non-equilibrium electrons (generated by a primary electron beam) at meta-stable native defect levels in the material, which in turn blocks recombination through these levels. In this work, in contrast to previous studies, the effect of electron injection in p-type Ga2O3 was investigated using cathodoluminescence technique in situ in scanning electron microscope, thus providing insight into minority carrier lifetime behavior under electron beam irradiation. The activation energy of ∼0.3 eV, obtained for the phenomenon of interest, is consistent with the involvement of Ga vacancy-related defects.
A fast calculation method for magnetic field of 110 kV oil-immersed transformers based on the combination of order reduction and response surface methodology
Authors: Xu Weidong , Wu Zhongfei , Zhang Zhiyu , Li Gengyu , Liu Yunpeng , Liu Gang 
Published: August 2024

To solve the problem of slow simulation calculation of magnetic field in oil-immersed transformers, this paper proposes a fast calculation method based on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and Kriging response surface method. First, based on the POD reduction method, the discrete equation of the magnetic field is reduced to obtain the modal coefficient matrix. Then, taking the transformer load rate as an important parameter, the sample space is determined, and the corresponding snapshot matrix of the sample space is obtained through COMSOL software. Based on the Kriging function, a response function for the load rate and modal coefficients is constructed, and combined with the reduced mode, the winding magnetic field is quickly reconstructed. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the method, four additional load conditions were selected to analyze the deviation between the reduced-order model and the full-order model from the perspective of computational accuracy and efficiency. The results show that, in terms of computational accuracy, the maximum relative error between the reduced-order model and the simulation model in the verification points is only 1.045%, while the rest of the points are below 1%. In terms of computational efficiency, the method proposed in this article improves the computational efficiency to 4743 times that of the full-order model. It only takes 0.9 s to calculate the results corresponding to a certain operating condition, which can achieve fast calculation.
A fully encapsulated flexible triboelectric sensor for swimming posture monitoring
Authors: Chen Tiangeng , Liang Xiao 
Published: August 2024

Flexible wearable intelligent monitoring devices are playing an increasingly important role in the field of smart sports. In this work, we report a fully encapsulated flexible triboelectric nanogenerator (FEF-TENG) by utilizing 3D printing technology for harvesting mechanical energy and swimming posture monitoring. Experimental results show that the open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Isc), and transferred charge (Qsc) of the FEF-TENG increase significantly with bending angles, reaching peak values of 78.82 V, 3.51 µA, and 31.08 nC at 90°, respectively. The FEF-TENG device can be integrated into swimming gear to monitor elbow and knee postures, demonstrating its capability for real-time bio-mechanical analysis and performance tracking. This integration of 3D printing technology and TENG design not only optimizes the structural and material properties of the device but also simplifies the manufacturing process, making it highly suitable for advanced applications in smart sports and wearable electronics.
Podiatric surgery: a canary in the coalmine for professional monopolies
Authors: Nancarrow Susan , Borthwick OBE Alan 
Published: August 2024

What is known about the topic? The health workforce and health tasks are highly contested and largely controlled by regulation. Since the introduction of medical regulation in the mid-19th century, the practice of surgery has been largely dominated by medically trained surgeons. A small group of Australian podiatrists have defied these historic boundaries by creating their own colleges of training and convincing government and regulators of their safety and efficacy in surgical practice. The Podiatry Board of Australia commissioned an independent review of the regulation and regulatory practices of podiatric surgeons in Australia. What does this paper add? This paper discusses the implications of a regulatory review of the role of podiatric surgeons for professional role boundaries. What are the implications for practitioners? Despite historic role boundaries and definitions, with appropriate training, regulation, and financing, the health workforce can be mobilised in different ways to meet population needs, overcoming a professional monopoly over roles.
Early Detection of Plant Virus Infection Using Multispectral Imaging and Machine Learning
Authors: Grieve Bruce , Duffy Siobain , Dallas Mary M. , Ascencio-Ibáñez José T. , Alonso-Chavez Vasthi , Legg James , Hanley-Bowdoin Linda , Yin Hujun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Climate change-resilient crops like cassava are projected to play a key role in 21st-century food security. However, cassava production in East Africa is limited by RNA viruses that cause cassava brown streak disease (CBSD). CBSD typically causes subtle or no symptoms on stems and leaves, while destroying the root tissue, which means farmers are often unaware their fields are infected until they have a failed harvest. The subtle symptoms of CBSD have made it difficult to study the spread of the disease in fields. We will use an engineering advancement, our active multispectral imager (MSI), to rapidly determine the infection status of plants in the field in Tanzania. The MSI observes leaves using many different wavelengths, and the resulting light spectra are interpreted by machine learning models trained on cassava leaf scans. Under laboratory conditions, the MSI detects CBSD infection with 95% accuracy at 28 days post-infection, when plants have no visible symptoms. Our multinational team is studying and modeling the spread of CBSD to assess the efficacy of using the MSI to detect and remove infected cassava plants from fields before CBSD can spread. In addition to improving the food security of people who eat cassava in sub-Saharan Africa, our technology and modeling framework may be useful in diseases of other vegetatively propagated crops such as banana/plantain, potato, sweet potato, and yam.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Four-state Fano resonance electro-optical modulator and sensor based on double borophene-dielectric grating structure
Authors: Pan Yizhao , Chen Fang , Li Yuchang , Li Chen , Gao Yingying , Yang Wenxing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a borophene-based double-dielectric-grating structure (BDDGS) to realize the Fano resonance electro-optical modulator and sensor. The Fano resonance originated from the coupling of two resonance modes excited by the upper borophene grating (UBG) and the lower borophene grating (LBG). The coupling mode theory (CMT) is utilized to fit the Fano transmission spectrum. The calculated result fits well with the simulated spectrum. We found the Fano resonance wavelengths exhibit a blue shift with increasing the carrier density of the borophene layer. Further, we utilize this property to achieve a Four-state Fano resonance electro-optical modulator. The working wavelengths of the ON-ON (11), ON–OFF (10), OFF–ON (01), and OFF-OFF (00) states are 1.321

μ
m

and 1.676

μ
m
,

respectively. The asymmetric Fano spectra exhibit high sensing sensitivity

S
=
21

T
Hz
/
R
I
U

and figure of merit

F
O
M
=
3.9

R
I

U

−
1

.

Moreover, our proposed structure possesses a slow-fast light effect with the maximum group index are 57.84 and −332.3, respectively. Although several Fano resonance and electro-optical modulators based on two- dimensional (2D) material, like graphene, black phosphorus, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are previously reported, this paper designed a borophene-based metamaterial to achieve Fano resonance electro-optical modulator and sensor, because borophene possesses a series of excellent physical and chemical properties, for example, mechanical compliance, high carrier mobility, and optical transparency. Therefore, the proposed borophene-based metamaterial will be beneficial in the fields of high-performance plasmonic sensors, slow light, and electro-optical modulators in the near future.
The de Haas–van Alphen quantum oscillations in the kagome metal RbTi3Bi5
Authors: Dong 董 Zixian 自仙 , Shi 石 Lei 磊 , Wang 王 Bin 彬 , Huo 霍 Mengwu 梦五 , Huang 黄 Xing 星 , Huang 黄 Chaoxin 潮欣 , Ma 马 Peiyue 培跃 , Zhang 张 Yunwei 云蔚 , Shen 沈 Bing 冰 , Wang 王 Meng 猛 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The kagome system has attracted great interest in condensed matter physics due to its unique structure that can host various exotic states such as superconductivity (SC), charge density waves (CDWs) and nontrivial topological states. The topological semimetal RbTi3Bi5 consisting of a Ti kagome layer shares a similar crystal structure to the topological correlated materials AV3Sb5 (A = K, Rb, Cs) but without the absence of CDW and SC. Systematic de Haas–van Alphen oscillation measurements are performed on single crystals of RbTi3Bi5 to pursue nontrivial topological physics and exotic states. Combining this with theoretical calculations, the detailed Fermi surface topology and band structure are investigated. A two-dimensional Fermi pocket β is revealed with a light effective mass, consistent with the semimetal predictions. The Landau fan diagram of RbTi3Bi5 reveals a zero Berry phase for the β oscillation in contrast to that of CsTi3Bi5. These results suggest that kagome RbTi3Bi5 is a good candidate for exploring nontrivial topological exotic states and topological correlated physics.
Phase induced localization transition
Authors: Liu 刘 Tong 通 , Wei 魏 Xingbo 兴波 , Wang 王 Youguo 友国 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Localization phenomenon is an important research field in condensed matter physics. However, due to the complexity and subtlety of disordered systems, new localization phenomena always emerge unexpectedly. For example, it is generally believed that the phase of the hopping term does not affect the localization properties of the system, so the calculation of the phase is often ignored in the study of localization. Here, we introduce a quasiperiodic model and demonstrate that the phase change of the hopping term can significantly alter the localization properties of the system through detailed numerical simulations, such as the inverse participation ratio and multifractal analysis. This phase-induced localization transition provides valuable information for the study of localization physics.
Study on MTPA control of permanent magnet synchronous motor based on the integrated search method
Authors: Liu Longyu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the current MTPA control strategy cannot take into account the dynamic performance and static stability at the same time, this paper introduces the algorithm of the conductivity incremental method and proposes a comprehensive search method based on the conductivity incremental method. In this paper, firstly, the search is carried out with a fixed step size; when some parameters of the motor change due to environmental factors, this MTPA strategy is almost not affected, and it can get rid of the dependence on the motor parameters; but the optimal value has a large oscillating range, and the accuracy is relatively poor. Finally, this paper proposes an integrated search method based on the conductivity increment method according to the problem of search accuracy, setting the dT/dβ threshold. The absolute value is larger than this threshold to search with a fixed step size, and smaller than this threshold, dT/dβ is used as the scale factor to formulate a matching search step size. Through comparative analysis of the above strategies through the Matlab/Simulink software simulation test, results show that the MTPA control strategy based on the conductivity incremental method of integrated search method is very little affected by certain motor parameters, and greatly improves the accuracy of the optimal stator vector angle of the MTPA. The search time is shorter, and the system has a better dynamic response and the ability to produce torque output.
Kinematic analysis of deflection-jointed manipulator based on geometric analysis
Authors: Li Manhong , Luo Wenbo , Song Guangze , Zhang Rui , Jiao Xin , Zhang Nannan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The irreplaceable role of high load-deadweight ratio robotic arms has become increasingly prominent in manufacturing and service industries. Based on the analysis of the influence of the angle between the joint axis and the adjacent member on the motion characteristics and bearing capacity of the manipulator, the deflection joint layout is proposed, and the deflection joint manipulator is designed. The deflection joint manipulator is abstracted as an equivalent simple tandem mechanism, the deflection joint motion equation is extracted according to the deflection joint motion characteristics, and the solution method of the end pose of the manipulator is established. By decoupling the end position parameters to the distance parameters, the height parameters, and the turnover angle parameters, the joint angle solution formula is established, and the analytical inverse solution of all kinematics of the deflecting joint manipulator is obtained. The simulation results of the deflection joint manipulator verify the feasibility and accuracy of the kinematics solution method.
Analysis of three-phase single-stage AC/DC LLC resonant converter
Authors: Yue Yuge , Hao Quanrui , Ma Ningyi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Single-stage resonant converters in AC/DC power conversion have been researched widely due to their high efficiency, low size, and low cost. However, the ripples are unavoidable because of the single-stage structure. A three-phase single-stage AC/DC LLC resonant converter is proposed to minimize the output ripples. Three-phase harmonics cancel each other out, and the output can be better controlled. Besides, power factor correction (PFC) is realized to improve power quality. The power loss can be decreased because of the achievement of soft-switching. The proposed converter can output a stable voltage of 600V with ripples of 1% and a rated power of 3.3kW in the simulation results, which verifies the theoretical analysis of this converter.
A bearing fault diagnosis method using a dynamic model with deep domain adaptation
Authors: Zhang Chenguang , Huang Xiaochun , Liu Zhenguo , Zhang Jieyi , Lei Ting , Zhong Shuqi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The failure of the rolling bearing, one of the core components widely used in industry, will lead to the abnormal operation of the machine and even cause safety accidents. To avoid this situation, fault diagnosis become more and more important. The traditional fault diagnosis model uses the classical deep learning model as the backbone depends on a bulk of labeled fault data, which is difficult to acquire in real industrial scenarios. To address the above problems, a fault diagnosis method using a failure mechanism with deep domain adaptation is proposed. A failure mechanism-based bearing dynamic model is constructed to simulate different types of labeled fault data and deep domain adaptation is used to extract common fault features of simulation data and real data. The fault dataset including different types of failure modes running on bearing test rigs from Paderborn University is used to verify the performance of the proposed method. It follows that the introduction of deep domain adaption can improve the accuracy of diagnosis even though the labeled fault data is not enough.