bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy Overcomes the Intrinsic Axonal Growth–Inhibitory Signals in Stroke Rats
Authors: Zhao Shanshan , Zhao Mei , Xiao Ting , Jolkkonen Jukka , Zhao Chuansheng 
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—
Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) improves functional outcome in patients with stroke possibly through structural plasticity. We hypothesized that CIMT could enhance axonal growth by overcoming the intrinsic growth–inhibitory signals, leading eventually to improved behavioral performance in stroke rats.

Methods—
Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by intracerebral injection of endothelin-1. Adult Wistar rats were divided into a sham-operated group, an ischemic group, and an ischemic group treated with CIMT. CIMT started at postoperative day 7 and continued for 3 weeks. Biotinylated dextran amine was injected into the contralateral sensorimotor cortex at postoperative day 14 to trace crossing axons at the cervical spinal cord. The expressions of Nogo-A, Nogo receptor, RhoA, and Rho-associated kinase in the peri-infarct cortex, and the expressions of biotinylated dextran amine, growth associated protein-43, synaptophysin, vGlut1, and postsynaptic density-95 in the denervated spinal cord were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blots. Behavioral recovery was analyzed at postoperative days 29 to 32.

Results—
Infarct volumes were not different between groups after stroke. CIMT significantly increased the length and the number of midline crossings of contralateral corticospinal axons to the denervated cervical spinal cord. CIMT significantly decreased the expressions of Nogo-A/Nogo receptor and RhoA/Rho-associated kinase in the peri-infarct cortex, and increased the expressions of growth associated protein-43, synaptophysin, vGlut1, and postsynaptic density-95 in the denervated cervical spinal cord. Behavioral performances assessed by the beam-walking test and the water maze test were improved significantly by CIMT.

Conclusions—
CIMT promoted poststroke synaptic plasticity and axonal growth at least partially by overcoming the intrinsic growth–inhibitory signaling, leading to improved behavioral outcome.
Factors Associated With Length of Hospitalization in Patients Admitted With Transient Ischemic Attack in United States
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Adil Malik M. , Zacharatos Haralabos , Suri M. Fareed K. 
Published: May 2013

Background and Purpose—
Approximately 70% of all patients presenting with transient ischemic attack are admitted to the hospital in United States. The duration and cost of hospitalization and associated factors are poorly understood. This article seeks to identify the proportion and determinants of prolonged hospitalization and to determine the impact on hospital charges using nationally representative data.

Methods—
We determined the national estimates of length of stay, mortality, and charges incurred in patients admitted with transient ischemic attack (diagnosis-related code 524 or 069) using Nationwide Inpatient Sample data from 2002 to 2010. Nationwide Inpatient Sample is the largest all-payer inpatient care database in the United States and contains data from ≈1000 hospitals, which is a 20% stratified sample of US community hospitals. All the variables pertaining to hospitalization were compared in 3 groups on the basis of length of hospital stay (≤1, 2–6, and ≥7 days).

Results—

A total of 949 558 patients were admitted with the diagnosis of transient ischemic attack during the study period. The length of hospitalization was ≤1, 2 to 6, and ≥7 days in 232 732 (24.4%), 662 909 (70%), and 53 917 (5.6%) patients, respectively. The mean hospitalization charges were $10 876, $17 187, and $38 200 for patients hospitalized for ≤1, 2 to 6, and ≥7 days, respectively. The use of thrombolytics (0.03%, 0.09%, and 0.1%;
P
<0.0001) for ischemic stroke was very low among the 3 strata defined by length of hospitalization. In the multivariate analysis, the following factors were associated with length of hospitalization of ≥2 days: age >65 years (odds ratio [OR], 1.5), women (OR, 1.2), admission to teaching hospitals (OR, 1.1), renal failure (OR, 1.7), hypertension (OR, 1.1), diabetes mellitus (OR, 1.2), chronic lung disease (OR, 1.4), congestive heart failure (OR, 1.4), atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.5), ischemic stroke occurrence (OR, 1.4), Medicare/Medicaid insurance (OR, 1.3), and hospital location in Northeast US region (OR, 1.5; all
P
values <0.025).

Conclusions—
Approximately 75% of patients admitted with transient ischemic attack stay in the hospital for ≥2 days, with the most important determinants being pre-existing medical comorbidities. Longer duration of hospital stay is associated with 2- to 5-fold greater hospitalization charges.
Sheikh Murād al-Bukhārī and the Expansion of the Naqshbandī-Mujaddidī Order in Istanbul
Authors: Abu-Manneh Butrus 
Published: April 2013

The article offers a fresh look at the career of Murād al-Bukhārī (d. 1720), one of the most influential Sufi leaders of the Middle East in the late 17th/early 18th century. By origin from Samarqand, he was initiated into the Naqshbandiyya-Mujaddidiyya by Aḥmad Sirhindī’s son and became one of his most successful successors in spreading this Indian branch of the Naqshbandiyya in Syria and Istanbul and Anatolia. The reasons for the formidable followership of Murād among the Ottoman scholarly and bureaucratic elite, including some of the sultans’ close circles are elucidated, and it becomes clear that this new ṭarīqa profited from being untarnished by the bitter controversies between the Ottoman ṭuruq and their adversaries which had raged until the Vienna campaign (1683). By its strong attachment to the Sunna, and by its promise of renewal (tajdīd) it became obviously of great importance for the reforming circles at the top of the empire, and for the general rise of piety during that period, thus showing the Islamic colouring of what is otherwise often regarded as a first movement of Westernization during the so-called “Tulip period”.
LAMP1/CD107a is required for efficient perforin delivery to lytic granules and NK-cell cytotoxicity
Authors: Krzewski Konrad , Gil-Krzewska Aleksandra , Nguyen Victoria , Peruzzi Giovanna , Coligan John E. 
Published: May 2013

Key PointsLAMP1 silencing inhibits cytotoxicity of human NK cells. LAMP1 is important for perforin trafficking to the lytic granules and granule movement.
Macrophage environment turns otherwise MccJ25-resistant Salmonella into sensitive
Authors: Pomares María Fernanda , Corbalán Natalia S , Adler Conrado , de Cristóbal Ricardo , Farías Ricardo N , Delgado Mónica A , Vincent Paula A 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Microcin J25 (MccJ25) is a plasmid-encoded antibiotic peptide produced by Escherichia coli (E. coli). MccJ25 enters into the sensitive E. coli strains by the outer membrane receptor FhuA and the inner membrane proteins TonB, ExbB, ExbD and SbmA. The resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) to MccJ25 is attributed to the inability of its FhuA protein to incorporate the antibiotic into the cell.

Results
In this work we demonstrate that S. Typhimurium becomes notably susceptible to MccJ25 when replicating within macrophages. In order to determine the possible cause of this phenomenon, we studied the sensitivity of S. Typhimurium to MccJ25 at conditions resembling those of the internal macrophage environment, such as low pH, low magnesium and iron deprivation. We observed that the strain was only sensitive to the antibiotic at low pH, leading us to attribute the bacterial sensitization to this condition. A MccJ25-resistant E. coli strain in which fhuA is deleted was also inhibited by the antibiotic at low pH. Then, we could assume that the MccJ25 sensitivity change observed in both E. coli fhuA and S. Typhimurium is mediated by a MccJ25 uptake independent of the FhuA receptor. Moreover, low pH incubation also sensitized S. Typhimurium to the hydrophobic antibiotic novobiocin, which does not affect enteric bacteria viability because it is unable to penetrate the bacterial outer membrane. This observation supports our hypothesis about low pH producing a modification in the bacterial membrane permeability that allows an unspecific MccJ25 uptake. On the other hand, MccJ25 inhibited S. Typhimurium when cells were preincubated in acidic pH medium and then treated at neutral pH with the antibiotic.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that acidic condition does not alter MccJ25 hydrophobicity but irreversibly modifies bacterial membrane permeability. This would allow an unspecific antibiotic uptake into the cell.
From our data it is possible to infer that intracellular pathogenic strains, which are in vitro resistant to MccJ25, could become susceptible ones in vivo. Therefore, the MccJ25 action spectrum would be broader than what in vitro experiments indicate.
Evidence for extensive heterotrophic metabolism, antioxidant action, and associated regulatory events during winter hardening in Sitka spruce
Authors: Collakova Eva , Klumas Curtis , Suren Haktan , Myers Elijah , Heath Lenwood S , Holliday Jason A , Grene Ruth 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Cold acclimation in woody perennials is a metabolically intensive process, but coincides with environmental conditions that are not conducive to the generation of energy through photosynthesis. While the negative effects of low temperatures on the photosynthetic apparatus during winter have been well studied, less is known about how this is reflected at the level of gene and metabolite expression, nor how the plant generates primary metabolites needed for adaptive processes during autumn.

Results
The MapMan tool revealed enrichment of the expression of genes related to mitochondrial function, antioxidant and associated regulatory activity, while changes in metabolite levels over the time course were consistent with the gene expression patterns observed. Genes related to thylakoid function were down-regulated as expected, with the exception of plastid targeted specific antioxidant gene products such as thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase, components of the reactive oxygen species scavenging cycle, and the plastid terminal oxidase. In contrast, the conventional and alternative mitochondrial electron transport chains, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and redox-associated proteins providing reactive oxygen species scavenging generated by electron transport chains functioning at low temperatures were all active.

Conclusions
A regulatory mechanism linking thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidase action with “chloroplast dormancy” is proposed. Most importantly, the energy and substrates required for the substantial metabolic remodeling that is a hallmark of freezing acclimation could be provided by heterotrophic metabolism.
Malaria is an uncommon cause of adult sepsis in south-western Uganda
Authors: Auma Mary A , Siedner Mark J , Nyehangane Dan , Nalusaji Aisha , Nakaye Martha , Mwanga-Amumpaire Juliet , Muhindo Rose , Wilson L Anthony , Boum Yap , Moore Christopher C 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Malaria is often considered a cause of adult sepsis in malaria endemic areas. However, diagnostic limitations can make distinction between malaria and other infections challenging. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the relative contribution of malaria to adult sepsis in south-western Uganda.

Methods
Adult patients with sepsis were enrolled at the Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital between February and May 2012. Sepsis was defined as infection plus ≥2 of the following: axillary temperature >37.5°C or <35.5°C, heart rate >90 or respiratory rate >20. Severe sepsis was defined as sepsis plus organ dysfunction (blood lactate >4 mmol/L, confusion, or a systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg). Sociodemographic, clinical and laboratory data, including malaria PCR and rapid diagnostic tests, as well as acid fast bacteria sputum smears and blood cultures were collected. Patients were followed until in-patient death or discharge. The primary outcome of interest was the cause of sepsis. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess predictors of mortality.

Results
Enrollment included 216 participants who were 51% female with a median age of 32 years (IQR 27–43 years). Of these, 122 (56%) subjects were HIV-seropositive of whom 75 (66%) had a CD4+ T cell count <100 cells/μL. The prevalence of malaria was 4% (six with Plasmodium falciparum, two with Plasmodium vivax). Bacteraemia was identified in 41 (19%) patients. In-hospital mortality was 19% (n = 42). In multivariable regression analysis, Glasgow Coma Score <9 (IRR 4.81, 95% CI 1.80-12.8) and severe sepsis (IRR, 2.07, 95% CI 1.03-4.14), but no specific diagnoses were statistically associated with in-hospital mortality.

Conclusion
Malaria was an uncommon cause of adult sepsis in a regional referral hospital in south-western Uganda. In this setting, a thorough evaluation for alternate causes of disease in patients presenting with sepsis is recommended.
Semiquantitative proteomic analysis of human hippocampal tissues from Alzheimer’s disease and age-matched control brains
Authors: Begcevic Ilijana , Kosanam Hari , Martínez-Morillo Eduardo , Dimitromanolakis Apostolos , Diamandis Phedias , Kuzmanov Uros , Hazrati Lili-Naz , Diamandis Eleftherios P 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia affecting people over 65 years of age. The hallmarks of AD are the extracellular deposits known as amyloid β plaques and the intracellular neurofibrillary tangles, both of which are the principal players involved in synaptic loss and neuronal cell death. Tau protein and Aβ fragment 1–42 have been investigated so far in cerebrospinal fluid as a potential AD biomarkers. However, an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers which will capture disease in the early stages and with better specificity remains. High-throughput proteomic and pathway analysis of hippocampal tissue provides a valuable source of disease-related proteins and biomarker candidates, since it represents one of the earliest affected brain regions in AD.

Results
In this study 2954 proteins were identified (with at least 2 peptides for 1203 proteins) from both control and AD brain tissues. Overall, 204 proteins were exclusively detected in AD and 600 proteins in control samples. Comparing AD and control exclusive proteins with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) literature-based proteome, 40 out of 204 AD related proteins and 106 out of 600 control related proteins were also present in CSF. As most of these proteins were extracellular/secretory origin, we consider them as a potential source of candidate biomarkers that need to be further studied and verified in CSF samples.

Conclusions
Our semiquantitative proteomic analysis provides one of the largest human hippocampal proteome databases. The lists of AD and control related proteins represent a panel of proteins potentially involved in AD pathogenesis and could also serve as prospective AD diagnostic biomarkers.
Application of a self-enhancing classification method to electromyography pattern recognition for multifunctional prosthesis control
Authors: Chen Xinpu , Zhang Dingguo , Zhu Xiangyang 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
The nonstationary property of electromyography (EMG) signals usually makes the pattern recognition (PR) based methods ineffective after some time in practical application for multinational prosthesis. The conventional EMG PR, which is accomplished in two separate steps: training and testing, ignores the mismatch between training and testing conditions and often discards the useful information in testing dataset.

Method
This paper presents a novel self-enhancing approach to improve the classification performance of the electromyography (EMG) pattern recognition (PR). The proposed self-enhancing method incorporates the knowledge beyond the training condition to the classifiers from the testing data. The widely-used linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) are extended to self-enhancing LDA (SELDA) and self-enhancing QDA (SEQDA) by continuously updating their model parameters such as the class mean vectors, the class covariances and the pooled covariance. Autoregressive (AR) and Fourier-derived cepstral (FC) features are adopted. Experimental data in two different protocols are used to evaluate performance of the proposed methods in short-term and long-term application respectively.

Results
In protocol of short-term EMG, based on AR and FC, the recognition accuracy of SEQDA and SELDA is 2.2% and 1.6% higher than conventional that of QDA and LDA respectively. The mean results of SEQDA(C) and SEQDA (M) are improved by 2.2% and 0.75% for AR, and 1.99% and 1.1% for FC respectively when compared to QDA. The mean results of SELDA(C) and SELDA (M) are improved by 0.48% and 1.55% for AR, and 0.67% and 1.22% for FC when compared to LDA. In protocol of long-term EMG, the mean result of SEQDA is 3.15% better than that of QDA.

Conclusion
The experimental results show that the self-enhancing classifiers significantly outperform the original versions using both AR and FC coefficient feature sets. The performance of SEQDA is superior to SELDA. In addition, preliminary study on long-term EMG data is conducted to verify the performance of SEQDA.
Hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoma of an adult: a case report with review of the literature
Authors: Wang Mi , Wang Sheng , Yang Qun-Pei , Liu Yan-Mei , Gao Li-Min , Sun Hong , Liu Wei-Ping 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Virtual slides

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/7644172219178472

Hydroa vacciniforme-like lymphoma (HVL) is a rare type of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive lymphoma of cytotoxic T-cell or natural killer cell origin that mainly affect children, characterized by a vesicopapular skin eruption that clinically resemble hydroa vacciniforme (HV). In current study, we report an adult patient with the tumor. The patient presented similar morphologic, immunophenotypic and genotypic changes of the disease with that occurred in children, whereas clinically, he showed a prolonged clinical course without hepatosplenomegaly or generalized lymphadenopathy. Whether there are some differences in biologic behavior between children and adults still remains unknown and it is necessary to collect more data to observe and to investigate in the future.
Impact of TBT on the vitellogenesis and sex hormones in freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879)
Authors: Revathi Peranandam , Iyapparaj Palanisamy , Vasanthi Lourduraj Arockia , Munuswamy Natesan , Krishnan Muthukalingan 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Tributyltin (TBT) is a ubiquitous persistent xenobiotic that can be found in freshwater, estuarine and marine ecosystem. TBT is a strong endocrine disrupting compound (EDC) that can cause toxic threat to aquatic organisms. Imposex, sexual deformities and endocrine dysfunctions are the causes of TBT to most of the aquatic organisms. Effect of TBT on the vitellogenesis and sex hormonal changes in Macrobrachium rosenbergii has never been reported. Hence, the present investigation was undertaken to find out the impact of TBT on histological changes in the different reproductive tissues, sex hormonal alterations and level of biomarkers like vitellogenin and vitellin in M. rosenbergii.

Results
The present investigation documents the possible impact of tributyltin (TBT) on the vitellogenesis in freshwater female prawn M. rosenbergii. TBT at 10 ng/l, 100 ng/l and 1000 ng/l concentrations were exposed individually to prawns for a period of three months. At higher concentration of 1000 ng/l, the ovarian development was arrested and ovary remained at spent stage. At lower concentration of TBT (10 ng/l), the development proceeded up to early vitellogenic stage. At intermediate concentration of 100 ng/l TBT, the ovary remained at pre vitellogenic stage and thereafter no development was noticed. Histological results indicated the normal ovarian development with vitellogenic oocytes, filled with yolk globules in control prawn. On the other hand, the TBT treated groups showed reduction in yolk globules, fusion of developing oocytes and abundance of immature oocytes. Immunofluorescence staining denoted the remarkable reduction in vitellin content in ovary of TBT treated prawn. Hence, TBT had conspicuously inhibited the vitellogenesis by causing hormonal imbalance in M. rosenbergii.

Conclusion
TBT had notably inhibited the vitellogenesis due to hormonal imbalance. This endocrine dysfunction ultimately impaired the oogenesis in the freshwater female prawn M. rosenbergii.
Attempted suicide v. non-suicidal self-injury:
behaviour, syndrome or diagnosis?
Authors: Butler Aine M. , Malone Kevin 
Published: May 2013

SummaryNomenclature used to describe acts of self-harm without fatal consequences
varies considerably. The term ‘non-suicidal self-injury’ (NSSI) offers an
opportunity to clarify study in this field, dichotomising the presence or
absence of suicidal intent. This may improve consistency in reporting
suicide and self-injurious behaviour with implications for management and
prognosis.
Fetal antipsychotic exposure in a changing landscape: seeing the
future
Authors: Abel Kathryn M. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryPregnant women and their fetuses are increasingly likely to be exposed to
antipsychotics. However, safety data remain limited. This editorial suggests
that, in future, well-designed observational pharmaco-epidemiology is our
best chance of illuminating risk for exposed populations and of informing
decision-making for women and clinicians.
Joint crisis plans for people with borderline personality
disorder: feasibility and outcomes in a randomised controlled
trial
Authors: Borschmann Rohan , Barrett Barbara , Hellier Jennifer M. , Byford Sarah , Henderson Claire , Rose Diana , Slade Mike , Sutherby Kim , Szmukler George , Thornicroft Graham , Hogg Joanna , Moran Paul 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundPeople with borderline personality disorder frequently experience crises.
To date, no randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of crisis interventions
for this population have been published.AimsTo examine the feasibility of recruiting and retaining adults with
borderline personality disorder to a pilot RCT investigating the
potential efficacy and cost-effectiveness of using a joint crisis
plan.MethodAn RCT of joint crisis plans for community-dwelling adults with
borderline personality disorder (trial registration: ISRCTN12440268). The
primary outcome measure was the occurrence of self-harming behaviour over
the 6-month period following randomisation. Secondary outcomes included
depression, anxiety, engagement and satisfaction with services, quality
of life, well-being and cost-effectiveness.ResultsIn total, 88 adults out of the 133 referred were eligible and were
randomised to receive a joint crisis plan in addition to treatment as
usual (TAU; n=46) or TAU alone (n=42).
This represented approximately 75% of our target sample size and
follow-up data were collected on 73 (83.0%) participants.
Intention-to-treat analysis revealed no significant differences in the
proportion of participants who reported self-harming (odds ratio (OR)
=1.9, 95% CI 0.53-6.5,P = 0.33) or the frequency of
self-harming behaviour (rate ratio (RR)=0.74, 95% CI 0.34-1.63,
P=0.46) between the two groups at follow-up. No
significant differences were observed between the two groups on any of
the secondary outcome measures or costs.ConclusionsIt is feasible to recruit and retain people with borderline personality
disorder to a trial of joint crisis plans and the intervention appears to
have high face validity with this population. However, we found no
evidence of clinical efficacy in this feasibility study.