bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
625 – Prevalence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Iraq
Authors: Lafta M. 
Published: July 2013

Iraq had been under sever stressful conditions for the last 4 decades. No previous national figures for the prevalence of whole mental disorders.Objectives:Estimate the prevalence of PTSD & its squeal among the whole country.Method:A national- wide survey with a sample size of 4500 had been done from Aug.2006 to March 2007. An International diagnostic instrument (CIDI) had been used to household persons & 4332 completed the questionnaire.Results:Prevalence of PTSD for life time was 3.59% & prevalence for 12 months was 1.63%. Elderly people were more prone to PTSD. The prevalence was much less than other countries with similar conflict situations.Conclusions:PTSD might be not the only squeal of the major traumas. People in different parts of the world might show different responses to traumatic events.
626 – Aggressive Behaviors in Schizophrenia - Personality, Environmental-Situational and Neuropsychological Predictors
Authors: Dutczak B. , Bidzan L. , Motak E. 
Published: July 2013

Aggressive behaviors in schizophrenia generate interest not only experts taking care of treatment, but also public opinion. For the best part of society incidence of aggressive behaviors suggest that aggressive person is mentally ill. This oversimplification is one of the most important factors which lead to stigmatization and social isolation patients sufferning from schizphrenia.Researches indicate that acts of aggression occur more often in the course of schizophrenia than in another mental disorders and it is beeing connected with psychopathological symptoms, personality traits and social environment. Sparse data suggest also as a reason of it worse functioning of frontal lobes in these patients, which may manifest itself in the form of emotional disturbances. The most typical symptom in this domain is difficulty to control behaviors which can lead to aggressive behaviors. In the literature, however, there is no model that would explain precisely connection of all of these factors connected with aggression in schizophrenia.The aim of this study was to assess intensity and identify different kind of aggression, which occur in patients suffering from schizophrenia, and explanation of connections between aggressive behaviors, psychopathological symptoms and neuropsychological, personality and environment factors.
629 – Neurobiological Findings Associated with Internet Addiction: A Literature Review
Authors: Pezoa-Jares R.E. , Espinoza-Luna I.L. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Internet addiction (IA) is increasingly becoming a mental health problem in some countries, and its importance has been reflected in the proposal to include it on the upcoming DSM-5. Although IA was described more than 15 years ago, controversy still emerges regarding its existence and classification. Recent studies have shown response to pharmacologic agents in individuals suffering from IA, suggesting a biological substrate. In the last years, studies have shown neurobiological variables to be associated with IA.Objectives:Perform a literature review in search of studies that associate IA with neurobiological variables.Aims:Summarize current knowledge about the neurobiological basis of IA.Methods:We conducted a literature review of empirical research articles from PUBMED, EBSCO and Web of Science, using the keywords Internet addiction, genetics, MRI, EEG, event-related potentials, neurobiology. Articles published from January 2007 to May 2012 were selected on the basis of relevant information contained in the title and/or abstract.Results:We found 26 studies that associated IA with different neurobiological findings. Studies variables and results are summarized in a table format.Conclusions:Recent studies suggest a neurobiological component for IA. Anatomical and functional changes, genetic polymorphisms and impairment of neurotransmitter systems have been found in brains of individuals with IA. The reviewed studies did not evaluate causality. Understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of IA could help dilucidate subjects at risk of having this entity, determine severity of disease, or lead to development of therapeutic alternatives.
639 – Psychotropics and Suicidal Behaviour- A Case-Control Study
Authors: Manchón Asenjo M.J. , Fructuoso Castellar A. , Vaquero M. , Escudero A. , Carvajal Garcia-Pando A. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Suicidal behaviour is the cause of many frequent visits to the emergency room and is a serious health problem. The relationship between the use of a diverse range of psychotropics and suicidal behaviour is a cause of great controversy.Objective:The objective of this study is to see if there exists a relationship between the consumption of antidepressants, antipyschotics and benzodiazepines and the apparition of suicidal behaviour.Material and methods:A retrospective study of case histories and control groups was undertaken. The data was collated from the computerised clinical histories of in-patients at the “Unidad de Hospitalización Breve de Psiquiatría del Hospital San Telmo de Palencia” from 2006 to 2011. The cases used are those where the patient had a diagnosed suicidal tendency and for each case two controls we taken into consideration- age and gender. Exposure to the psychotropics was also taken into consideration in the three months previous to the appearance of suicidal behaviour. The raw odds were calculated and adjusted for severity of the condition within the confidence ratio.Conclusions:The anti-depressants are associated with a larger risk of suicidal behaviour. However the effect is not dependent on the seriousness of the patients condition.The anti-pyschotics are associated with a reduction in the suicidal behaviour which is congruent with the effect which they have on behaviour.The benzodiazepines are associated with a slight increase of suicidal behaviours and the effects are more evident in the patients with less serious conditions.
650 – The Psychological Distress and Aggressive Driving: Age and Gender Differences in Voluntary Risk-taking Behavior in Road Traffic Crashes
Authors: Bener A. 
Published: July 2013

Aim:To examine the effect of age, gender and psychological distress on driver behaviour and accident involvement and also to examine the differences in driving skills, driver behaviour and performance and its effects on Road Traffic Crashes [RTCs] in Qatar.Methods:This is a cross-sectional and representative of 1824 drivers participated in this survey using socio-demographic information, Driver Behaviour Questionnaire (DBQ), and Driver Skill Inventory(DSI).Results:Mean age was 36.5 years for males, and 36.8 for females (p= 0.013). There was a significant difference between males and females regarding education level (p= 0.013). Significantly higher proportion of males (62% vs. 57%; p 0.035) having 4WD. More than half of females were using mobile phones during driving (51% vs. 39%; p < 0.001). Higher proportion of males reported usually excessive speeding as compare females (39% vs. 28%; p < 0.001). Mean scores of males were significantly higher on the violations regarding driving close to the front car pushing the driver to speed or get out of way (p= 0.012), disregarding red traffic signals (p=0.011), disregarding speed limits at night (p< 0.001) and on the motorway (p< 0.001). Overall, males were significantly higher skilled as compared to females (mean score 40.6 vs. 38.7; p 0.001). Significantly higher proportion of females involved in head on collision.Conclusion:Age, gender and use of seat belt, and talking on mobile were main predictors for motor crashes and injuries. The challenge for public health is to modify risk-taking behaviour in young males and females drivers to reduce dangerous driving practices.
663 – Parent's Stress during Adulthood, Induce Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rat Off-springs
Authors: Nahavandi A. , Niknazar S. , Aghandeh R. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:In competitive world of today, stress is not preventable. Stress may result in different behavioral, hormonal and/or molecular pathologies.Objectives:To our knowledge all the studies up to know, in this field is limited to stress victims, in their own generation not their next generation at all.Aims:In order to study any possible foot print of parent's stress on their off springs we planned this study.Method:48 male and female 250 gr adult rats were divided to four groups (n=12). Stressed and control. To induce stress, forced swim stress was administered daily 15 min for 21 continuous days. Mating between groups resulted in four type of pups.Stressed both mother and father, just mother stressed, just father stressed, and non-stressed parents.So, we can conclude that anxiety could be transferred from parents to offspring. off springs were studied at 30th day of age by elevated plus maze and biochemical studies for corticosterone plasma level.Result:Our results showed a higher corticosterone plasma leve and anxiety-like behavior in victim pups in comparison to control.Conclusion:Our results showed anxiety in victim pups, but not the pups with normal parents. So, we can conclude that anxiety could be transferred from parents to offsprings.
691 – Internet Addiction and Sleep Disturbance Symptoms among Adolescents
Authors: Canan F. , Yildirm O. , Sinani G. , Ozturk O. , Ustunel T.Y. , Ataoglu A. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Sleep quality is a relevant dimension with regards to sleep-wake functioning, and poor sleep quality has been found to be associated with poor academic achievement and health.Objectives:Internet use has been identified as having a detrimental effect on sleep patterns. Studies, however, on the relationship between Internet overuse and physical health or sleep problems have been rarely performed (5,6).Aims:The aim of this study was to evaluate Internet addiction among adolescents and to examine the correlation between problematic Internet use and sleep disturbance symptoms.Methods:The study was conducted among 1956 students, aged between 14 and 18 years. Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and a sociodemographic query form were used in the collection of data.Results:The students with Internet addiction were more likely to have difficulty in falling asleep (p< 0.001) and night awakenings (p< 0.01). Problematic Internet users and Internet addicts were found to sleep significantly less than avarage Internet users (7.1±1.5 hr/d, 7.0±1.2 hr/d, 7.76±1.5, respectively; p< 0.05). A significant positive correlation between daily sleep duration and IAT (r = -0.132; p < 0.01) and weekly Internet use (r = -0.085; p < 0.01) was found. Linear regression analysis revealed a significant negative and independent association of IAT with daily sleep duration (r = 0.235; p < 0.001).Conclusions:These results indicate an association between the Internet addiction and impaired sleep. Further studies are needed to describe the causality of this association.
697 – Prevalence of ADHD in a French Community Sample of 892 Children: Results from the Chip-ARD Study
Authors: Caci H. , Morin A.J.S. , Bouchez J. , Baylé F.J. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:In many European countries including France, awareness for Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is increasing. Unfortunately, estimates of prevalence based on validated instruments and reasonably large and representative samples are still lacking in many of these countries.Aims:This study aims to estimate the prevalence rates of ADHD in school-aged children based on teacher ratings of the ADHD rating scale (ADHD-RS-IV) and of the Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD-Symptoms scale of the Normal-Behavior (SWAN). These scales differ in item wording and scoring, and have both been extensively validated.Methods:892 youths aged from 5 to 18 are included in the present study. Maximum-likelihood prevalence rates were estimated (based on recommended scoring criteria) in the entire sample and in gender (boys vs. girls) and age (below and above 12 years-old) subgroups.Results:Using the ADHD-RS, 10.65% of youths might have ADHD (4.37% Predominantly Inattentive subtype, 3.36% Combined subtype and 2.91% Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive subtype). Boys were more affected than girls (sex ratio 1.4:1), children were more affected than adolescents, and ADHD girls were more likely to be of the Inattentive subtype. Using the SWAN, 2.25% of youths might have ADHD (1.13% Combined subtype, .90% Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive subtype, .34% Predominantly Inattentive subtype). No overall differences between genders were observed, children were more affected than adolescents, and ADHD boys were more likely to be of hyperactive-impulsive subtype.Conclusion:There are true differences according to the rating scales. Teacher ratings provide useful information that also has to be combined with parental and clinical ratings.
702 – Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Battered Women by their Partners
Authors: Rivas-Diez R. , Sánchez-López M.D.P. , Rodrigo-Holgado I. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Violence gender has caused considerable social alarm. Better awareness of the characteristics and problems of the female victims is necessary to be able to provide adequate psychological attention.Objectives:To identify the specific characteristics of PTSD in female victims of gender violence, stating what are the symptoms of this disorder are usually present, identify some of the most important variables that characterize women seeking assistance this problem.Aims:The goal of this study is examining PTSD in battered women.Methods:Participants: 100 Chilean and 170 Spanish battered women.Instruments:- Semi-structured interview for victims of abuse: assesses sociodemographic characteristics of victims and circumstances of abuse, it was designed for this research.- The PTSD Symptoms Severity Scale (Echeburúa et al., 1997): assesses the severity and intensity of the symptoms of this disorder according to the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-IV-TR in victims of different traumatic events.Results:The results show that the most typical symptoms of PTSD are: re-experiencing (the presence of unpleasant and recurring memories about the abuse and psychological and physiological distress on recalling the events); avoidance symptoms (avoidance of thoughts, feelings or conversations related to what has been experienced, loss of interest in significant activities and restriction of emotional life); and hyperactivation symptoms (permanent state of hypervigilance and startle response).Conclusions:This data will be useful to understand the problems and consequences of abuse and to target interventions to be made to alleviate the plight of these women in cases where it appears PTSD.
706 – 110 Years after First Report of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Childhood - Where do we Stand?
Authors: Teixeira J. , Carvalho I. , Pires P. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction:First case report of paediatric obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) was presented by Janet in 1903. Since then many more reports of OCD in children and adolescents have been published. OCD in adult patients has been studied in the last decades but studies for pediatric OCD only began in the last 20 years.Objectives:To review the most recent knowledge on the characteristics, epidemiology, pathophysiology and treatment of pediatric OCD.Methods:Review literature published on MEDLINE/Pubmed database in English language using “obsessive compulsive disorder in childhood”, “obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents”, “OCD in childhood”, “OCD in children and adolescents” and “pediatric OCD” as key-words.Results:OCD is common among children and adolescents, with prevalence of 1-3% that often becomes a chronic condition. OCD onset has a bimodal age distribution with one peak at age 11 and other peak in early adulthood. There is a male preponderance in affected children, high comorbidity with psychiatric disorders mainly with tic disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, higher familiality and higher rates of aggressive/harm obsessions and religious obsessions. The current etiologic model most commonly accepted points to a dysfunction of cortico-striato-thalamic loops. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and a combination of CBT with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor are the treatments of choice for pediatric OCD.Conclusions:Pediatric OCD seems to be an OCD subtype with similarities but also with important differences from adultonset OCD. Further research is still needed to better elucidate the genetics and the exact pathophysiology of pediatric OCD.
720 – Urban Insecurity and Fear of Crime. A Study among Patients with Anxiety and Depressive Disorders
Authors: Spattini L. , Landi G. , Visentini C. , De Rosa C. , Fiorillo A. , Ferrari S. , Mattei G. 
Published: July 2013

Background:There has been an increased interest on the role of urban security and fear of crime on mental health of the general population, but there are not studies about this among patients with minor psychiatric disorders.Objectives:Assess patients’ fear of crime and perceived urban insecurity.Aim:To,1) evaluate the association between perceived urban insecurity and crime, and minor psychiatric disorders;2) identify subgroups of patients with high levels of perceived urban insecurity and fear of crime.Method:A sample of 24 patients with depressive or anxiety disorders attending outpatient services was collected. Patients consenting to the study underwent a battery of psychometric instruments. This study is part of a national multicentric study that enrolled 426 subjects.Results:The sample was mainly composed by females (83%), cohabiting (58%), employed (54%). Patients were more frequently diagnosed with dysthymia (54%) had an average GAF score of 73 (SD=8,44), an average GHQ-12 of 17.33 (SD =3,95). 41% reported high level of insecurity or fear and 58% stated that their worries were increased compared to 10 years earlier. Reported reasons for this were mostly ‘decrease of social security’ and ‘loss of values’. 12.5% of the sample reported of having been victim of a theft or vandalism.Conclusions:The results of this study are not only useful to understand the role of fear of crime in the onset and relapses of minor psychiatric disorders, but they can also help to plan psychiatrists’ and Public Health's interventions in order to prevent them.
725 – Cultural Issues in Anxiety Disorders: Some Particularities of Iranian Culture
Authors: Malekian A. , Ahmadzadeh G. , Afshar H. 
Published: July 2013

Anxiety disorders occur in all human societies ; yet there are cross- cultural variations in the symptomatology, prevalence, the etiologically contributing bio-psycho-social factors and the social responses to the symptoms and their management. Iran has a heterogeneous population with numerous subcultures bounded closely to each other through the common history, language, Old Persian culture and the similarities in their impressing experiences as a nation.In the format of a narrative review article, here we intend to induce a minimal insight into a few areas of particularity of anxiety disorders in Iranian culture. We will focus on the examples of socio-cultural factors affecting the source of distress, helpseeking behaviors, symptom presentation and treatment of these disorders in Iran.
733 – Neural Bases of Flexible Behaviours during Social Interaction: Role of the Prefrontal Cortex and Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors in Mice Models
Authors: Chabout J. , Serreau P. , Granon S. 
Published: July 2013

We have developped a behavioral method to study flexible behaviors and decision-making processes during social behaviors in mice. In this framework, we can manipulate the motivational level of animals for social versus novelty exploration rewards in order to focus on the interface between efficient decisions when different motivations compete. In addition, we have recently studied some of the behavioral correlates of the social behaviors, in particular, we will show here data concerning ultrasonic acoustic communication -USVs- in social versus non social context. We will discuss the fact that USVs reflect the emotional and motivational state of mice.We performed several studies for the past ten years showing that mice make flexible choices that allow them to satisfy both social and exploratory motivations. We will illustrate here our data showing that the prefrontal cortex is needed for such choices, like it is the case in humans. We will also show that functional neuronal nicotinic receptors, specifically within the prefrontal cortex, are necessary for emergence of adapted choices. Novel and unpublish data showing the interaction between noradrenergic and nicotinic systems in the prefrontal for these behaviors will also be provided.
773 – “Dear Child has Many Names”
Authors: Mucic D. 
Published: July 2013

Telemedicine became a mutual part of daily work for colleagues within variety of medical specialties. However, mental health care professionals were a bit slower in acceptance and practice of care provision on distance.It seems that it is about time to define the terms that often are in use interchangeably, but in fact are not synonymous. It is necessary to operate with common accepted terminology in order to avoid misunderstandings that might lead to lack in potential collaboration which eventually may affect mental health care provision.That is why it is important to make an overview of various terms, such as i.e. Internet, world wide web, e-health, e-therapy, online counselling, Internet-based therapy, telemental health, e-mental health etc. A brief timeline highlighting some of the major occurrences over the past 50 years that have shaped the Internet of today, will be presented aside with challenges and limitations of the technology.
777 – The Impact of Stressful Life Events on the Functionality of Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Güneş G. , Tiryaki A. , Özkorumak E. , Ak İ. 
Published: July 2013

Objective:Clinical symptoms, functional recovery and stressful life events of patients with schizophrenia were evaluated to investigate the relationship between life events and functional recovery.Methods:Fifty-three subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia in the remission period were enrolled in the study. Three interviews each at 3 months interval were made with the participants. the participants were evaluated with socio-demographic data form, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Calgary Depression Scale, the Functional Remission of General Schizophrenia Scale at the baseline, third and sixth month interview. the number of stressful life events were determined according to Life Events List.Results:There was no significant change in the PANNS scores measured at the baseline and follow interview (p>0.05). Depression scores were significantly increased at the follow interviews(p< 0.05). This significant increase mostly resulted from the difference between the baseline and final interview scores. the number of stresful life events and functional recovery were found to be negatively correlated with a medium level of significance at the third month (p< 0.05). There was a negative relationship between the number of life events and functional recovery at the sixth month but it did not reach to a statistical significance (p>0.05). A significant relationship and a negative correlation was found between functional recovery and depression scores at both the baseline and third month interviews (p< 0.05). This relationship was not significant at the sixth month (p>0.05).Conclusions:Stresfull life events in remitted schizophrenia patients reduces functionality over depressive symptomatology without affecting positive and negative symptoms.