bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoallergie
Authors: Wilm Anna , Berneburg Mark 
Published: January 2015

ZusammenfassungSubstanzen, die entweder topisch oder systemisch appliziert wurden, können nach Exposition mit ultravioletter (UV‐)Strahlung zu photoallergischen Reaktionen an der Haut führen. In den meisten Fällen handelt es sich dabei um photoallergische Kontaktdermatitiden durch Stoffe, die topisch auf die Haut aufgebracht wurden. Deutlich seltener sind dagegen die systemisch ausgelösten Photoallergien. Zentrale diagnostische Methode zur Sicherung einer photoallergischen oder phototoxischen Reaktion ist der sogenannte Photopatchtest. Hierbei handelt es sich, vereinfacht gesagt, um die belichtete Variante des konventionellen Epikutantests.
Aspekte der Schmerztherapie bei der photodynamischen Therapie
Authors: Fink Christine , Enk Alexander , Gholam Patrick 
Published: January 2015

ZusammenfassungDie topische photodynamische Therapie (PDT) ist eine hocheffektive und sichere Behandlungsmethode für aktinische Keratosen mit exzellentem kosmetischen Ergebnis, und wird üblicherweise für große Areale lichtgeschädigter Haut mit multiplen klinisch manifesten und subklinischen Läsionen verwendet. Der wesentliche Nachteil der Methode liegt in ihrer Schmerzhaftigkeit, die intensiv und bei einigen Patienten nicht tolerabel sein kann, so dass die Behandlung unterbrochen oder beendet werden muss. Verschiedene Strategien der Schmerztherapie während der PDT sind bislang untersucht worden, doch sind bisher nur wenige effektive Verfahren verfügbar. Daher befasst sich dieser Übersichtsartikel mit Prädiktoren der Schmerzintensität und verschiedenen Aspekten der Schmerztherapie während der PDT.
Safety and benefits of self‐expandable metallic stents with chemotherapy for malignant gastric outlet obstruction
Authors: Miyabe Katsuyuki , Hayashi Kazuki , Nakazawa Takahiro , Sano Hitoshi , Yamada Tomonori , Takada Hiroki , Naitoh Itaru , Shimizu Shuya , Kondo Hiromu , Nishi Yuji , Yoshida Michihiro , Umemura Shuichiro , Hori Yasuki , Kato Akihisa , Ohara Hirotaka , Joh Takashi 
Published: January 2015

Background and AimThe influence of chemotherapy on placement of self‐expandable metallic stents(SEMS) for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (MGOO) has not been evaluated extensively. We investigated the influence of chemotherapy on the clinical outcomes of SEMS placement for MGOO.MethodsA total of 152 cancer patients with MGOO from a university hospital and affiliate hospitals were included. The patients were classified according to chemotherapy status and evaluated for palliative efficacy and safety of SEMS placement.ResultsTechnical success rate, time to oral intake, and parameters indicating improvement of physical condition did not differ between the with‐ and without‐chemotherapy groups after stent placement. Re‐intervention and stent migration were significantly more frequent in the with‐chemotherapy group than in the without‐chemotherapy group after stent placement (re‐intervention, 32.4% vs 7.8%, P = 0.0005; stent migration, 13.5% vs 1.7%, P = 0.0097). The frequency of adverse events did not differ between the with‐ and without‐chemotherapy groups. Although chemotherapy after stent placement was an independent predictive factor for shortening the stent patency period (hazard ratio [HR], 3.10; P = 0.0264), the use of additional stents facilitated uneventful recovery and further prolonged survival time (HR, 0.60; P = 0.0132).ConclusionsVarious cancer patients with MGOO can undergo SEMS placement safely regardless of chemotherapy, and concurrent chemotherapy after stent placement can prolong survival time, although re‐intervention and stent migration may be increased.
Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD Statement
Authors: Collins Gary S. , Reitsma Johannes B. , Altman Douglas G. , Moons Karel G.M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrediction models are developed to aid healthcare providers in estimating the probability or risk that a specific disease or condition is present (diagnostic models) or that a specific event will occur in the future (prognostic models), to inform their decision‐making. However, the overwhelming evidence shows that the quality of reporting of prediction model studies is poor. Only with full and clear reporting of information on all aspects of a prediction model can risk of bias and potential usefulness of prediction models be adequately assessed.Materials and methodsThe Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) initiative developed a set of recommendations for the reporting of studies developing, validating or updating a prediction model, whether for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. This article describes how the TRIPOD Statement was developed. An extensive list of items based on a review of the literature was created, which was reduced after a Web‐based survey and revised during a 3‐day meeting in June 2011 with methodologists, healthcare professionals and journal editors. The list was refined during several meetings of the steering group and in e‐mail discussions with the wider group of TRIPOD contributors.ResultsThe resulting TRIPOD Statement is a checklist of 22 items, deemed essential for transparent reporting of a prediction model study. The TRIPOD Statement aims to improve the transparency of the reporting of a prediction model study regardless of the study methods used. The TRIPOD Statement is best used in conjunction with the TRIPOD explanation and elaboration document.ConclusionsTo aid the editorial process and readers of prediction model studies, it is recommended that authors include a completed checklist in their submission (also available at www.tripod-statement.org).
Prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis in haemophilia – how to balance risk of bleeding with risk of ischaemic events
Authors: de Raucourt Emmanuelle , Roussel‐Robert Valérie , Zetterberg Eva 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLife expectancy for patients with haemophilia (PWH) has significantly increased in the last decades, due to improvement of clotting factor replacement therapy. However, despite a lower cardiovascular mortality rate and contrasting prevalence for non‐fatal ischaemic heart disease (IHD), cardiovascular diseases are increasing in PWH. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in PWH is as prevalent as in the general population, whereas an increased risk of hypertension has been observed in some studies. Furthermore, PWH are not protected against atherosclerosis. Coronary artery disease treatment is extremely challenging in PWH. Two ‘institutional’ guidelines for the management of IHD in PWH have been published. Since these recommendations, the use of new drugs such as prasugrel, ticagrelor, bivalirudin, new oral anticoagulants and new drug‐eluting stents have been recommended in the general population but should be evaluated in PWH. Some questions arise: which trough level during long‐term single or dual antiplatelet treatment (DAT) is really needed? The clinical role of platelet testing remains ill defined but may be considered in selected patients. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary for the management of IHD in PWH in order to treat the patient as any patient according to the cardiological guidelines during the acute phase, and long‐term management should be discussed.
Olopatadine, a non‐sedating H1 antihistamine, decreases the nocturnal scratching without affecting sleep quality in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Yamanaka Keiichi , Motomura Eishi , Noro Yuichi , Umeda Koji , Morikawa Takuya , Umeda‐Togami Kumi , Omoto Youichi , Isoda Kenichi , Kondo Makoto , Tsuda Kenshiro , Okuda Masahiro , Gabazza Esteban C. , Mizutani Hitoshi 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe have demonstrated for the first time that a second‐generation antihistamine ameliorates nocturnal scratching behavior in atopic dermatitis patients using a modified wristwatch‐type acoustic scratching counting system that we have recently developed. We also analyzed the sleep quality by simultaneous recording of electroencephalogram, and found that sleep quality was unaffected.
From Metrics to Knowledge? Quality Assessment in Higher Education
Authors: Pettersen Inger Johanne 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe qualification frameworks in higher education organizations have initiated standardization across countries. These reform initiatives build on managerial logics from the business world, which create dilemmas as academic institutions have been governed by professional academic logics. Institutions have thus moved from homogeneity towards heterogeneity and multiple institutional logics. How has the concept of students’ learning outcomes been turned into practice? The study is based on the construction of the Norwegian Quality Assessment System and the Swedish development of the External Program Quality Model. These systems are not addressing the students’ learning outcomes, but focus on input and processes. Further, discursive processes enhance multiple logics in the institutions.
Performance Management in the Public Sector: The Ultimate Challenge
Authors: Arnaboldi Michela , Lapsley Irvine , Steccolini Ileana 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPerformance Management is the challenge confronting public service managers. However, the enduring research focus on performance measurement in public services, without resolution, does not offer neat solutions to performance management in public services. This drawback of measurement difficulties has not abated interest in performance management. But there are significant adverse outcomes associated with the clumsy use of performance management systems in public services, particularly negative effects on staff morale. The lack of ready‐made answers to performance management makes this task complex and demanding for public service managers. This paper identifies critical dimensions of effectiveness in performance management systems.
Phylogenetic endemism in terrestrial mammals
Authors: Rosauer Dan F. , Jetz Walter 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimPhylogenetic endemism (PE) identifies geographic concentrations of evolutionarily isolated and spatially restricted biota. Locations with high PE hold elements of biodiversity with little representation elsewhere and whose loss would impact disproportionately on phylogenetic diversity. We aim to determine the global distribution of PE for the world's mammals and to test hypotheses regarding the role of past and present environment and isolation in creating current patterns of evolutionary and spatial isolation.LocationGlobal land.MethodsIUCN range polygons were combined with a mammal supertree to estimate PE and related measures at three resolutions. We tested the relationship between PE and predictors representing current and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) environment and isolation in a model selection framework, for all terrestrial mammals and separately for bats.ResultsWe identified 12 centres of mammal PE, with implications for conservation decisions. Endemism of mammal evolutionary diversity peaks predominantly in tropical and Southern Hemisphere island and montane regions. PE was most strongly associated with energy availability, isolation, elevation and low variability of current climate. Post LGM climate stability was a surprisingly weak predictor of PE compared with LGM climate itself. When controlling for current species ranges, PE is more strongly explained by past climate and past isolation.Main conclusionsWhile present conditions better explain species endemism, past climate and isolation are central to explaining PE. Isolation at the LGM was a significantly stronger predictor of PE than current isolation, confirming the key role of persistent barriers, even narrow ones such as Wallace's Line. This global evaluation of PE offers an innovative and effective way to capture and test the evolutionary underpinning of whole‐clade biogeography. With improving spatial and phylogenetic information, integrative measures such as PE offer a substantial contribution toward comprehending and conserving evolutionary diversity.
Enhanced Sunlight Excited 1‐μm Emission in Cr3+–Yb3+ Codoped Transparent Glass‐Ceramics Containing Y3Al5O12 Nanocrystals
Authors: Fang Zaijin , Li Yang , Zhang Fangteng , Ma Zhijun , Dong Guoping , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: January 2015

Cr3+–Yb3+ codoped transparent glass‐ceramics containing Y3Al5O12 nanocrystals were prepared by heat treatment of as‐prepared glass sample and characterized by X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The efficient energy transfer from Cr3+ to Yb3+ ions through multi‐phonon‐assisted process was confirmed by the luminescence spectrum and fluorescent lifetime measurements. When excited by the lights from a solar simulator in the wavelength region of 400–800 nm, greatly enhanced near‐infrared emission around 1 μm was achieved from Cr3+–Yb3+ codoped glass ceramic compared with that from as‐prepared glass and Ce3+–Yb3+ codoped glass ceramic. These results demonstrate that the Cr3+–Yb3+ codoped glass ceramic is a promising material for enhancement of the efficiency of solar energy utilization.
An attribution theory perspective on emotional labour in nurse–patient encounters: a nested cross‐sectional study in paediatric settings
Authors: Golfenshtein Nadya , Drach‐Zahavy Anat 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimsTo understand the role of patients’ attributions under the attribution theory framework (locus, controllability, stability) in nurses’ performance of surface or deep acting, as they unfold in interactions with different patients.BackgroundRegulation of emotions at work, or emotional labour, has been conceptualized in terms of two main strategies: surface acting and deep acting. Most prior research tested for between‐subject variation in the search for the factors evoking these strategies in nurses, assuming them to be trait‐like characteristics. Only scant research has examined how nurses modify their emotional labour strategies in different patient‐nurse encounters.DesignA nested cross‐sectional design (patients within nurses).MethodsData were collected during 2011–2012 through validated questionnaires from the nursing staff (N = 41) of two paediatric hospital wards and their randomly selected patients (N = 239). Questionnaires were administered to nurses multiple times after encounters with different patients. Analyses were conducted using mixed effects models.ResultsIn accordance with attribution theory, different combinations of locus, controllability and stability attributions were related to the choice of surface or deep acting. Nurses’ perceptions of patients’ controllability were associated positively with surface acting and negatively with deep acting. Interaction terms of stability and locus and of controllability and stability, were distinctively associated with deep and surface acting.ConclusionsFindings innovatively introduce the attribution process as an explanatory perspective to nurses’ emotional labour and highlight its situational nature, providing a potential tool for emotional labour strategy prediction. Raising nurses’ awareness of how they perceive patients may increase control of the strategies employed.
Negative life events predict performance on an executive function task in young adults with developmental disabilities
Authors: Heyman M. , Hauser‐Cram P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundRecent research with typically developing children indicates that chronic stress can be detrimental to the development of executive function. This study extends this work to individuals with developmental disabilities and examines the longitudinal relationship between an indicator of chronic stress, negative life events, and performance on a task of executive function within a group of 30 individuals with early identified developmental disabilities.MethodsMultilevel modelling was used to analyse the relationship between cumulative negative life events and response time on aFlanker task.ResultsAs hypothesized, individuals who had experienced more cumulative negative life events in their families demonstrated longer response time, an indicator of less efficient executive function.ConclusionsThe association between cumulative negative life events and executive function for children with developmental disabilities suggests the prominent role of the environment for development in this domain. These findings also suggest the importance of providing services, resources, and interventions that will help families adaptively cope with stressful circumstances.
When Worlds Collide: Medicine, Business, the Affordable Care Act and the Future of Health Care in the U.S.
Authors: Wicks Andrew C. , Keevil Adrian A. C. 
Published: January 2015

Many observers claim that business has become a powerful force in medicine and that the future of health care cannot escape that reality, even though some scholars lament it. The U.S. recently experienced the most devastating recession since the Great Depression. As health care costs rise, we face additional pressure to rein in health care spending. We also have important new legislation that could well mark a significant shift in how health care is provided and who has access to care, namely the Affordable Care Act (ACA). These changes underscore the need to bring new thinking to the conversation about health care and to move beyond conceptual and practical obstacles that inhibit our progress.In this paper we do not to claim to have solutions. Rather, our aim is to try to identify some obstacles to fostering a better conversation about the future of health care and to envisioning a better health care system.
Upstream Health Law
Authors: Sage William M. , McIlhattan Kelley 
Published: January 2015

Medicine and health are surprisingly separate. In the introduction to his 1963 master work on medical economics, Kenneth Arrow acknowledged that “the subject is the medical-care industry, not health.” In the 50 years that followed, researchers, policymakers, and public health professionals generated valuable and varied insights into health, impacting both behaviors and environments while addressing social determinants and demographic trends. Yet medical care has followed an even steeper upward trajectory, growing rapidly in scientific precision, public esteem, and technical sophistication.As a result, the economic gap between the two domains has widened. The U.S. health care system spends almost $3 trillion annually. Preventive screening and early intervention bridge medical care and health, as do nutrition, behavioral health, aging, and a few other fields. But the money is overwhelmingly in medical care, particularly rescue care for those with acute illnesses or serious (and typically preventable) complications of chronic disease.
Autonomy and Paternalism in Health Policy: Currents in Contemporary Bioethics
Authors: Rothstein Mark A. 
Published: January 2015

In the United States the delivery of health care traditionally has been hierarchical and strictly controlled by physicians. Physicians typically provided patients with little information about their diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment plan; patients were expected to follow their physicians’ orders and ask no questions. Beginning in the 1970s, with the widespread adoption of the doctrine of informed consent to treatment, the physician-patient relationship began to be more collaborative, although the extent of the change has been subject to debate. At a minimum, physicians began to give patients more information and asked them to consent to recommended treatment, the therapeutic privilege to withhold information from patients lost support and eventually was repudiated, and physicians embraced — at least in theory — a more patient-centered conception of health care.More recently, health care and health promotion activities have moved beyond clinical encounters and the strict confines of physician-patient interactions.
A Meta‐Analytic Multitrait Multirater Separation of Substance and Style in Social Desirability Scales
Authors: Connelly Brian S. , Chang Luye 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThough unlikely virtues scales have a long history in personality, clinical, and applied psychology for detecting socially desirable responding, using such social desirability (SD) scales has generally failed to improve the validity of personality measures. We examined whether this is because (a) response distortion itself has minimal impact on personality's validity, (b) SD scales are ineffective at assessing response distortion, or (c) SD scales are conflated with substantive trait variance. We compiled a meta‐analytic multitrait multimethod matrix consisting of multirater personality traits, SD scales, and performance outcomes. We examined the influence of trait factors and self‐report method factors on SD scales and performance. We found that self‐report method variance (a) was negatively related to performance, (b) would suppress personality‐performance relationships for self‐report measures, and (c) was (partially) assessed by SD scales. However, relative to the effects of self‐report method variance, SD scales are even more strongly influenced by Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Agreeableness. It is not the case that SD scales are insensitive to inflated responding but that their susceptibility to personality trait variance likely outweighs their benefits. We discuss the implications of these results for using SD scales in research and practice.
Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in select countries – volume 2
Authors: Saraswat V. , Norris S. , de Knegt R. J. , Sanchez Avila J. F. , Sonderup M. , Zuckerman E. , Arkkila P. , Stedman C. , Acharya S. , Aho I. , Anand A. C. , Andersson M. I. , Arendt V. , Baatarkhuu O. , Barclay K. , Ben‐Ari Z. , Bergin C. , Bessone F. , Blach S. , Blokhina N. , Brunton C. R. , Choudhuri G. , Chulanov V. , Cisneros L. , Croes E. A. , Dahgwahdorj Y. A. , Dalgard O. , Daruich J. R. , Dashdorj N. R. , Davaadorj D. , de Vree M. , Estes C. , Flisiak R. , Gadano A. C. , Gane E. , Halota W. , Hatzakis A. , Henderson C. , Hoffmann P. , Hornell J. , Houlihan D. , Hrusovsky S. , Jarčuška P. , Kershenobich D. , Kostrzewska K. , Kristian P. , Leshno M. , Lurie Y. , Mahomed A. , Mamonova N. , Mendez‐Sanchez N. , Mossong J. , Nurmukhametova E. , Nymadawa P. , Oltman M. , Oyunbileg J. , Oyunsuren Ts. , Papatheodoridis G. , Pimenov N. , Prabdial‐Sing N. , Prins M. , Puri P. , Radke S. , Rakhmanova A. , Razavi H. , Razavi‐Shearer K. , Reesink H. W. , Ridruejo E. , Safadi R. , Sagalova O. , Sanduijav R. , Schréter I. , Seguin‐Devaux C. , Shah S. R. , Shestakova I. , Shevaldin A. , Shibolet O. , Sokolov S. , Souliotis K. , Spearman C. W. , Staub T. , Strebkova E. A. , Struck D. , Tomasiewicz K. , Undram L. , van der Meer A. J. , van Santen D. , Veldhuijzen I. , Villamil F. G. , Willemse S. , Zuure F. R. , Silva M. O. , Sypsa V. , Gower E. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a leading cause of liver related morbidity and mortality. In many countries, there is a lack of comprehensive epidemiological data that are crucial in implementing disease control measures as new treatment options become available. Published literature, unpublished data and expert consensus were used to determine key parameters, including prevalence, viremia, genotype and the number of patients diagnosed and treated. In this study of 15 countries, viremic prevalence ranged from 0.13% in the Netherlands to 2.91% in Russia. The largest viremic populations were in India (8 666 000 cases) and Russia (4 162 000 cases). In most countries, males had a higher rate of infections, likely due to higher rates of injection drug use (IDU). Estimates characterizing the infected population are critical to focus screening and treatment efforts as new therapeutic options become available.