bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DUAL PHASE STEEL UNDER THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT BRAZING RATES
Authors: Miranda Pérez A.F. , Calliari I. , Brunelli K. , Reyes Valdés F.A. , Pérez Medina G. Y 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTEnvironmental, concerns regarding reducing CO2 emissions and the drive of having better fuel economy have already enthused the car manufacturer to use the weight materials having better mechanical properties. Automotive industry has shown a great interest in Dual Phase steels due to the possibility of reducing weight of vehicles and increasing the passenger safety at a very competitive cost. Automotive applications unavoidably entail welding and joining in the manufacturing process and the fatigue resistance of welded joints due to the integrity and safety requirements. The variation of welding parameters (voltage, current and speed of welding) affects weld performance, mechanical, and metallurgical properties.The CMT (Cold Metal Transfer) braze welding is a relatively new technology that partially decouples the arc electrical transients from the filler wire feed rate. It allows reducing the heat required for welding and permits higher joining speeds.The aim of this work is to study the interfacial microstructures and intermetallic compounds produced by cold metal transfer welding of two plates of galvanized DP600 dual phase steel with CuSi3 as filler metal. The study was performed by applying a CMT braze welding with three different joining speeds. The welded microstructures and microhardness were determined and related to the welding process conditions.A small HAZ, constituted by martensite, bainite and coarse ferrite grains, has been highlighted. Furthermore, an intermetallic Fe-Si-Cu compound layer formed at the interface between steel and filler metal. The joining speed sways the size of ZTA since the heat input Q affects the phase transformation in the weld and heat affected zoneThis parameter also affects the thickness of the compound layer and the size of precipitates in the filler metal, likewise the mechanical characteristics. The fracture starts at the interface steel-copper where intermetallic compounds formed.
DETERMINATION OF THE BEHAVIOR OF 6063 ALUMINUM IN THE FRICTION WELDING PROCESS USING MATHEMATICAL MODELS
Authors: García F. , Zambrano Robledo P. del C. , Guerrero M.P. , García-Vazquez F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this work, it was used a Johnson-Cook elastic-plastic model to represent the behavior in the friction welding process of 6063 aluminum. Temperature and strain rate dependent laws were used to determine the behavior of the material. The results determined that the amount of heat transferred into the material dictates the quality and the microstructure of the welding and the mechanical strength of the welded joint in an ideal process.
Comparison of efficacy, safety, and convenience of selamectin versus ivermectin for treatment of Trixacarus caviae mange in pet guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)
Authors: Eshar David , Bdolah-Abram Tali 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Objective—To determine the efficacy and safety of topical administration of selamectin and to compare selamectin treatment with a common ivermectin protocol for the treatment of natural infestation with Trixacarus caviae in pet guinea pigs.
Design—Clinical trial.
Animals—17 mixed-breed pet guinea pigs with active mite infestation.
Procedures—Guinea pigs were randomly allocated to receive a single dose of selamectin topically (15 mg/kg [6.8 mg/lb]) or ivermectin (400 μg/kg [181.8 μg/lb], SC) every 10 days for 4 injections. Microscopic examination of skin scrapings from all animals was performed at 10-day intervals for 60 days, and the presence of mites or mite eggs was recorded. The efficacies of the 2 treatment protocols were compared at every time point.
Results—Pruritus resolved by day 10 in all animals. Animals were microscopically mite-free on days 30 and 40 in the selamectin and ivermectin treatment groups, respectively, but groups did not differ significantly in regard to the number of mite-positive animals at any timepoint. Recurrence of infection was not noted in either treatment group. No adverse reactions were observed in any of the treated animals.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that a single topical application of selamectin at a dose of 15 mg/kg or repeated SC injection of ivermectin at a dose of 400 μg/kg can eliminate T caviae mites from guinea pigs within 30 and 40 days, respectively. Although effectiveness did not significantly differ between the 2 treatments, the convenience associated with the single topical dose of selamectin made it a preferable treatment modality for both patients and owners.
Baclofen toxicosis in dogs and cats: 145 cases (2004–2010)
Authors: Khorzad Roxanna , Lee Justine A. , Whelan Megan , Brutlag Ahna G. , Martin Elizabeth P. , Miyahara Lee T. , Hovda Lynn R. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Objective—To identify dogs and cats with baclofen toxicosis and characterize the patient population, clinical signs, and outcome.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—140 dogs and 5 cats with baclofen toxicosis.
Procedures—An animal poison control center electronic database was reviewed from November 2004 through April 2010 to identify dogs and cats with baclofen toxicosis. Information on signalment, clinical signs, and amount of baclofen ingested was obtained. Clinical signs were categorized as CNS, gastrointestinal, general malaise, cardiovascular, respiratory, or urogenital. Follow-up communications were performed to determine overall outcome.
Results—Dogs had a median age of 0.67 years (range, 0.1 to 15 years) and cats of 1 year (range, 0.7 to 16 years). Of 145 patients, 133 (92%) developed clinical signs of baclofen toxicosis. A total of 259 signs fell within defined categories: CNS (121/259 [46.7%]), gastrointestinal (69/259 [26.6%]), general malaise (27/259 [10.4%]), cardiovascular (23/259 [8.9%]), respiratory (14/259 [5.4%]), and urogenital (5/259 [1.9%]). For 68 dogs with known survival status, survival rate was 83.8% (57/68); of these dogs, the amount of baclofen ingested was known for 53 (46 survivors and 7 nonsurvivors). Amount of baclofen ingested was significantly lower in survivor dogs (median, 4.2 mg/kg [1.91 mg/lb]; range, 0.61 to 61 mg/kg [0.28 to 27.7 mg/lb]), compared with nonsurvivor dogs (median, 14 mg/kg [6.4 mg/lb]; range, 2.3 to 52.3 mg/kg [1.04 to 23.77 mg/lb]. Of 5 cats, 2 survived, 1 died, and 2 had unknown outcomes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Clinical signs of baclofen toxicosis occurred in most patients, with the CNS being the system most commonly affected.
Evaluation of microbial flora in chronic tonsillitis and the role of tonsillectomy
Authors: Raju G , Selvam Esther Mary 
Published: October 2012

Objective: To establish a correlation between clinical picture and bacteriological findings in chronic tonsillitis and to study the efficacy of surface swabs in predicting tonsillar core bacteria.Design: A prospective study analyzing microbiological flora of 149 patients with chronic tonsillitis, 17 patients with acute tonsillitis, 34 control patients and 31 postoperative patients of tonsillectomy was conducted. Surface swabs and fine needle aspiration was done from the tonsils under anesthesia just prior to surgery. Excised tonsils were cultured. A postoperative surface swab was taken in thirty one randomly selected patients three weeks after surgery.Results: Core cultures of 102 out of 149 patients (68%) were positive for pathogenic bacteria. Core pathogenic flora was mono microbial in nature. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest cultured pathogen. When compared with tonsil core pathogens, surface swabs and fine needle aspiration showed 77% and 93% correlation respectively. After tonsillectomy, elimination of pathogenic bacteria from the oropharynx was seen in 97% of the patients.Conclusion: Tonsillectomy eradicated pathogenic microflora from the oropharynx in almost in all patients. Surface swabs have a high degree of reliability and are a useful adjuvant investigation to supplement the clinical diagnosis and can be useful for decision making. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.11982 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 109-113
Diode laser versus blunt dissection tonsillectomy
Authors: Matin MA , Chowdhury M Alamgir 
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Tonsillectomy is the commonest operation performed in Ear, Nose and Throat Department. Various methods of tonsillectomy have been practiced over the century aimed at reducing or eliminating intra-operative and postoperative morbidity.Aim: This prospective study is aimed at evaluation of advantages and disadvantages of laser tonsillectomy over blunt dissection tonsillectomy in respect of operative time, intra-operative blood loss, postoperative pain, rate of healing of tonsillar fossa and other postoperative complications.Method: This prospective randomized study was done for 18 months from April 2010 to September 2011.One hundred patients were divided into two groups of equal number. In one group, the tonsillectomy performed by Diode laser and in the other group the tonsillectomy performed by conventional dissection technique.Results: Age ranged from 5 - 34 years with mean age 15.4 in laser group and 4-35 years with mean age 15.98 in dissection group. Operative time and amount of blood loss is significantly reduced in the laser group (10-25 min, mean 12 min in laser group, 15-45 min, and mean 25 min in dissection group). Tonsillectomy by using laser has shown less intra-operative bleeding (5ml-20 ml, mean 10 ml compared with 45-250 ml, mean 70 ml in dissection method). Patients experienced mild to moderate pain in laser group and moderate to severe pain in dissection group in first 24-48 hours. Pain increased in intensity after 5-6 days in laser group. On 8th post operative day thin to thick white coating is observed with smooth tonsillar fossa in laser group whereas granulation tissue is observed in dissection group.Conclusion: In conclusion laser tonsillectomy has some advantages over dissection method. There is less operative time and intra-operative bleeding and less immediate post operative pain. Disadvantage of laser tonsillectomy is that there is more pain in 5th to 6th post operative period this may be due to thick slough formation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.11983 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 114-118
Fine needle aspiration cytology of thyroid swellings: Experience in a tertiary care hospital of Nepal
Authors: Nepali R , Banita G , Thakur G 
Published: October 2012

Introduction: Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) being a minimally invasive technique, is particularly suitable in the sensitive neck area. FNAC can obviate the need for surgery if the lesion is shown to be non neoplastic or if it confirms suspected recurrent tumor. A preoperative cytological diagnosis of a primary neoplasm of thyroid may allow more rational planning of surgery.Method: This descriptive observational study was carried out at the Department of ENT- Head & Neck Surgery, Gandaki Medical College and Charak Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal, from August 2010 to November 2011. A total of 154 consecutive FNAC of thyroid swellings was included.Results: Out of 154 patients female were 142 (92%) and men were 12 (8%). In this series of 154 thyroid swellings on FNAC one hundred and thirty six (88%) were non neoplastic and eighteen (12%) neoplastic. Among non neoplastic thyroid swelling, adenoma was the most common sixty two (40%), followed by colloid cyst, Hashimoto thypoiditis, subacute thyroiditis, adenoma, cystic lesion, Gravess disease, thyroglossal cyst and lymphocytic thyroiditis. Among neoplastic thyroid swelling papillary carcinoma was the commonest nine (5.8%) followed by follicular neoplasm six (3.9%).Conclusion: It is concluded from the present study that female in our region were more affected, non-neoplastic lesions of the thyroid were more common (colloid goiter being the commonest) than neoplastic lesions (papillary carcinoma being the commonest). DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v18i2.11984 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 18(2): 119-123
Retrospective studies on drug utilization patterns of asthmatics in a Government hospital in Kedah, Malaysia
Authors: Thamby Sam Aseer , Juling Puah , Xin Bernice Ting Wan , Jing Ngo Chooi 
Published: October 2012

Retrospective DUE is the reviewing of drug therapy after the patient has received the medication. Asthma is a common chronic disease in Malaysia. A National Health and Morbidity Survey in 1996 indicated that asthma prevalence in Malaysia was 4.2%. Statistics on the causes of death have noted asthma as one of the 10 principal causes of death (7.3%) in Malaysia. The purpose of the study was to compare drug utilization patterns amongst the asthmatics from the past two years (since 2009) in Kedah state. Asthmatics admitted to the hospital in the preceding two years were analyzed by their patient charts. This study focused on both smoker and non smoker asthmatics. It was observed that salbutamol was most commonly prescribed, followed by montelukast and prednisolone. In the combination therapy, the most commonly prescribed was Symbicort, followed by seretide and combivent. Corticosteroids constituted the most prevalent class, followed by beta-2 agonists, leukotriene modifiers and methylxanthines. The study presented the most recent scenario on drug utilization pattern of asthmatics in Kedah state.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i11.12060 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(11): 353-360
Effect of arsenic on paracetamol binding to bovine serum albumin using site specific probes
Authors: Uddin Riaz , Saffoon Nadia , Alam Md. Ashraful 
Published: October 2012

Arsenic contamination in groundwater is a global health challenge. A large number of people worldwide are affected by arsenic poisoning. Paracetamol is a widely used analgesic-antipyretic drug. Effect of arsenic on paracetamol binding to protein has been investigated using two site specific probes and equilibrium dialysis method was used for the experiment. In absence of any site specific probes free concentration of paracetamol bound to bovine serum albumin increased from 3.95 ± 1.164% to 25.36 ± 1.164%. In presence of site-I specific probe warfarin sodium the % release of drug was steady at around 14%. But in presence of site-II specific probe an increment of free drug concentration was observed from 14.38 ± 1.164% to 54.72 ± 1.552%. Thus it can be assumed that the free concentration of paracetamol was increased to a greater extent in presence of arsenic and probably arsenic bound to site-II of BSA. Thus arsenic may displace paracetamol by binding with high affinity binding site, site-II in the BSA and probably arsenic has little effect to site-I.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i11.12061 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(11): 361-365
Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for the estimation of omeprazole in bulk and capsule dosage forms
Authors: Nataraj Kalakonda Sri , Duza Mohammad Badrud , Pragallapati Kalyani , Kumar Dussa Kiran 
Published: October 2012

A method for the determination of omeprazole in bulk and capsule dosage form by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography has been developed. This is a simple, rapid, precise and an accurate method. The method was developed on a Novapak C18, (250 x 4.6 mm, 5µ) column using phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40, v/v as a mobile phase which was pumped at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and detection was done at 302 nm. The retention time of the drug was found to be 7.71 min. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, linearity, specificity, robustness. The linearity was observed in the range of 20-60 ppm. The results of recovery studies indicated that the method was accurate. Hence the developed method was found to be suitable for the estimation of omeprazole in bulk and capsule dosage forms.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i11.12062 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(11): 366-369
Formulation and evaluation of colon specific microbial degradable matrix tablet using sterculia gum as carrier
Authors: Gouda M Mallikarjuna , Shabaraya A Ramakrishna , Kumar S M Shanta 
Published: October 2012

Current study is to develop the colon targeted matrix tablet using the natural polysaccharide sterculia gum as carrier and model drug ciprofloxacin HCl. The matrix tablets were prepared by wet granulation technology using the various proportions of sterculia gum with carbopol 934 P, sterculia gum and ethyl cellulose polymer blends. Granules of all formulations were evaluated for rheological, post compressional properties and in vitro dissolution study in different pH buffers of pH 1.2 , pH 7.4 , pH 6.8 (saline phosphate buffer) without and with 4% rat cecal content in order to mimic GIT condition . Formulation SGC2 to SGC4 and SGE7 to SGE9 has released 13.6% to 38.9% in the initial 5h and released more amount of drug in stomach and small intestine than colon. Formulation SGC5 containing 45% of sterculia gum and 25% carbopol 934 p and Formulation SGE10 containing 45% of sterculia gum and 25% ethyl cellulose has released minimum 10.91 % to 13.04 % in the initial 5h and sustained the drug release up to 24 h and at the end of study released 75% to 79.99%. Formulations with 4% rat cecal content at the end of 24 h study drug released is 90.44% to 95.33% indicating higher amount of drug release is due to enzymatic break down of sterculia gum in the matrix tablet. Hence the above results conclude that the formulation SGC5 and SGE10 are potential in targeting the drug to colon to treat irritable bowel disease.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/icpj.v1i11.12064 International Current Pharmaceutical Journal 2012, 1(11): 376-383
Patients with autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Meller J. , Siggelkow H. , Homayounfar K. , Özerden M. , Braune I. , Kluge G. , Meller B. , Sahlmann C. O. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryThe prevalence of cervical lymphadenopathy in autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) patients is actually unknown. The aim of the study was the detailed retrospective evaluation of 6 index-patients with lymphadenopathy in Robbins level VI and a prospective study with high resolution ultrasound of lymphadenopathy in AIT patients compared with controls in all compartments of the neck, accessible to sonographic evaluation. Patients, methods: The retrospective study comprises six patients with AIT, evaluated for enlarged Robbins level VI-LN. We report the findings of fine-needle aspiration Cytology, clonal analysis, histology, and serological testing. The prospective study evaluated the prevalence of lymphadenopathy in 49 consecutive patients with AIT (group 1) and 49 consecutive patients with normal thyroids or nontoxic goiter (group2). Results: In the retrospective study, cytology of paratracheal LN revealed reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in 5/6 of the cases and a centroblastic lymphoma in one patient. The presence of monoclonal lymphatic cells was excluded in 5/6 patients and proven in 1/6 patients. Actual viral-infections were ruled out. In the prospective study AIT-patients showed significantly more enlarged LN in Robbins level II-IV and VI compared to controls. We found no correlation between lymphadenopathy, age, thyroid volume and nodularity, or autoantibody levels. During follow-up in 34 group 1-patients, lymph adenopathy remained stable in 28 patients, and decreased in 6 patients. Conclusion: Lymph adenopathy in Robbins level II-IV and VI is common in AIT-patients and most probably related to the autoimmune process.
Efavirenz, Tenofovir and Emtricitabine Combined with First-Line Tuberculosis Treatment in Tuberculosis–Hiv-Coinfected Tanzanian Patients: A Pharmacokinetic and Safety Study
Authors: Semvua Hadija H , Mtabho Charles M , Fillekes Quirine , Van Den Boogaard Jossy , Kisonga Riziki M , Mleoh Liberate , Ndaro Arnold , Kisanga Elton R , Van Der Ven Andre , Aarnoutse Rob E , Kibiki Gibson S , Boeree Martin J , Burger David M 
Published: October 2012

Background To evaluate the effect of rifampicin-based tuberculosis (TB) treatment on the pharmacokinetics of efavirenz/tenofovir/emtricitabine in a fixed-dose combination tablet, and vice versa, in Tanzanian TB–HIV-coinfected patients. Methods This was a Phase II open-label multiple dose pharmacokinetic and safety study. This study was conducted in TB–HIV-coinfected Tanzanian patients who started TB treatment (rifampicin/isoniazid/pyrazinamide/ethambutol) at week 1 to week 8 and continued with rifampicin and isoniazid for another 16 weeks. Antiretroviral treatment (ART) of efavirenz/tenofovir/emtricitabine in a fixed-dose combination tablet was started at week 4 after initiation of TB treatment. A 24-h pharmacokinetic sampling curve was recorded at week 8 (with TB treatment) and week 28 (ART alone). For TB drugs, blood samples at 2 and 5 h post-dose were taken at week 3 (TB treatment alone) and week 8 (with ART). Results A total of 25 patients (56% male) completed the study; 21 had evaluable pharmacokinetic profiles. The area under the concentration–time curve 0–24 h post-dose of efavirenz, tenofovir and emtricitabine were slightly higher when these drugs were coadministered with TB drugs; geometric mean ratios (90% CI) were 1.08 (0.90, 1.30), 1.13 (0.93, 1.38) and 1.05 (0.85, 1.29), respectively. For TB drugs, equivalence was suggested for peak plasma concentrations when administered with and without efavirenz/tenofovir/emtricitabine. Adverse events were mostly mild and no serious adverse events or drug discontinuations were reported. Conclusions Coadministration of efavirenz, tenofovir and emtricitabine with a standard first-line TB treatment regimen did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetic parameters of these drugs and was tolerated well by Tanzanian TB patients who are coinfected with HIV.
Solidarité et insécurité humaine : penser la solidarité depuis l'Afrique
Authors: Boni Tanella 
Published: October 2012

Résumé La pratique de la solidarité familiale est un fait dans les sociétés africaines même si les personnes sont confrontées à toutes sortes de risques dès leur plus jeune âge, bien avant qu’elles n’exercent une activité leur permettant de se prendre en charge. Ainsi, le manque de protections civiles de même que la « sécurité sociale » qui couvre les individus en cas de maladie et d’autres risques transforment les sociétés africaines contemporaines en scènes où règnent violences et insécurité sociale. Dans ces conditions, c’est la liberté de l’individu qui est en question mais aussi la protection des citoyens, la prise en compte des risques liés à la vie, au travail, à l’éducation, à la santé, à l’environnement. C’est tout le rôle social que doit jouer un Etat de droit qui est en question. Mais le lien de solidarité est d’abord d’ordre éthique. Il lie un humain à un autre, par-delà les lois et les institutions sociales.
L’efficacité des pratiques d’enseignement au travers des rapports d’inspection
Authors: Marcel Jean-François , Veyrac Hélène 
Published: October 2012

Les inspections pédagogiques sont ici un moyen d’approcher « l’efficacité institutionnelle » des dispositifs d’enseignement-apprentissage. L’analyse de 38 rapports d’inspection d’enseignants en lycées agricoles français met en évidence les dimensions des pratiques enseignantes qui y sont convoquées. L’analyse de treize rapports d’inspection défavorables au maintien de l’enseignant dans le métier contribue à expliciter le référent des pratiques lors d’évaluation. Ces analyses aboutissent à une modélisation des pratiques d’enseignement. Elles montrent que les évaluations portent davantage sur les pratiques d’enseignement que sur l’apprentissage des élèves, davantage sur les moyens mis en oeuvre pour enseigner que sur le processus d’enseignement-apprentissage.