bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thymyl esters derivatives and a new natural product modhephanone from Pulicaria mauritanica Coss. (Asteraceae) root oil
Authors: Xu Tao , Gherib Mohammed , Bekhechi Chahrazed , Atik‐Bekkara Fewzia , Casabianca Hervé , Tomi Félix , Casanova Joseph , Bighelli Ange 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTRoot essential oil of Pulicaria mauritanica Coss. (Asteraceae) collected from western Algeria was analysed using a combination of chromatographic (CC, GC/FID, GC(RI)] and spectroscopic [GC–MS, 13C‐NMR] techniques. Thirty‐eight compounds accounting for 90.4% of the whole composition were identified. The oil composition was dominated by thymyl derivatives (2,5‐dimethoxy‐p‐cymene (37.2%), 6‐methoxythymyl isobutyrate (14.2%), 10‐isobutyryloxy‐8,9‐dehydrothymyl isobutyrate (4.8%) and thymyl isobutyrate (3.1%)), as well as by neryl isobutyrate (11.1%). A new natural compound was isolated and the structure was elucidated as 1S,2S,5S,8S‐modhephan‐3‐one (relative stereochemistry). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doped tricalcium phosphate scaffolds by thermal decomposition of naphthalene: Mechanical properties and in vivo osteogenesis in a rabbit femur model
Authors: Ke Dongxu , Dernell William , Bandyopadhyay Amit , Bose Susmita 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTricalcium phosphate (TCP) is a bioceramic that is widely used in orthopedic and dental applications. TCP structures show excellent biocompatibility as well as biodegradability. In this study, porous β‐TCP scaffolds were prepared by thermal decomposition of naphthalene. Scaffolds with 57.64% ± 3.54% density and a maximum pore size around 100 μm were fabricated via removing 30% naphthalene at 1150°C. The compressive strength for these scaffolds was 32.85 ± 1.41 MPa. Furthermore, by mixing 1 wt % SrO and 0.5 wt % SiO2, pore interconnectivity improved, but the compressive strength decreased to 22.40 ± 2.70 MPa. However, after addition of polycaprolactone coating layers, the compressive strength of doped scaffolds increased to 29.57 ± 3.77 MPa. Porous scaffolds were implanted in rabbit femur defects to evaluate their biological property. The addition of dopants triggered osteoinduction by enhancing osteoid formation, osteocalcin expression, and bone regeneration, especially at the interface of the scaffold and host bone. This study showed processing flexibility to make interconnected porous scaffolds with different pore size and volume fraction porosity, while maintaining high compressive mechanical strength and excellent bioactivity. Results show that SrO/SiO2‐doped porous TCP scaffolds have excellent potential to be used in bone tissue engineering applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1549–1559, 2015.
The structure and function of a muscle articulation‐type jaw joint of a polychaete worm
Authors: Uyeno Theodore A. , Kier William M. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe arrangement of the musculature and the fibers of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the flexible jaw joint of the sandwormAlitta virens(Annelida, Polychaeta) was studied using dissection and histology. The jaws are capable of a wide range of motions principally related to defense and feeding. The left and right jaws are embedded in and moved by a compact pharyngeal bulb of muscle and ECM that also forms the mouth and esophagus. Eight pharyngeal bulbs were removed and dissected to document gross anatomical features or preserved and embedded in plastic for sectioning in multiple planes. The sections were stained with toluidine blue and basic fuchsin to differentiate muscle and ECM. The sections were then digitized and used to develop a three‐dimensional computer illustration. We hypothesize that the muscle and fibers in the ECM are arranged as a muscular hydrostat to support the movement of the jaws. Four specimens were recorded using a digital video camera and a tank with an angled mirror to record lateral and ventral views of jaw movements during locomotion and biting associated with burrow guarding and feeding. Frame by frame kinematic analysis of this video showed that the jaws move symmetrically in a roughly horizontal plane. Although the angle between the jaws increases and then decreases after maximum gape has been reached, the jaws also translate relative to each other such that the axis of rotation is not fixed. Together, these functional morphological and behavioral data identify the jaw mechanism as a flexible joint known as a muscle articulation. As muscle articulations have been previously described only in the beaks of cephalopods and flatworms, this study implies that this type of joint is more common and important than previously recognized. J. Morphol. 276:403–414, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Otolith patterns of rockfishes from the northeastern pacific
Authors: Tuset Victor M. , Imondi Ralph , Aguado Guillermo , Otero‐Ferrer José L. , Santschi Linda , Lombarte Antoni , Love Milton 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTSagitta otolith shape was analysed in twenty sympatric rockfishes off the southern California coast (Northeastern Pacific). The variation in shape was quantified using canonical variate analysis based on fifth wavelet function decomposition of otolith contour. We selected wavelets because this representation allow the identifications of zones or single morphological points along the contour. The entire otoliths along with four subsections (anterior, ventral, posterodorsal, and anterodorsal) with morphological meaning were examined. Multivariate analyses (MANOVA) showed significant differences in the contours of whole otolith morphology and corresponding subsection among rockfishes. Four patterns were found: fusiform, oblong, and two types of elliptic. A redundancy analysis indicated that anterior and anterodorsal subsections contribute most to define the entire otolith shape. Complementarily, the eco‐morphological study indicated that the depth distribution and strategies for capture prey were correlated to otolith shape, especially with the anterodorsal zone. J. Morphol. 276:458–469, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rapid preparative isolation of erythrocentaurin from Enicostemma littorale by medium‐pressure liquid chromatography, its estimation by high‐pressure thin‐layer chromatography, and its α‐amylase inhibitory activity
Authors: Hassan Naila , Ahamad Javed , Amin Saima , Mujeeb Mohd , Mir Showkat R. 
Published: December 2014

Erythrocentaurin is a relatively simple natural product present among the members of Gentianaceae. A preparative method for the isolation of erythrocentaurin from the ethyl acetate fraction of Enicostemma littorale using medium‐pressure liquid chromatography has been reported. The method consisted of a simple step gradient from 10 to 20% ethyl acetate in n‐hexane. Using a 70 × 460 mm Si60 column, this method is capable of processing 20 g of material in <3 h (purity ≈ 97%). The recovery of erythrocentaurin was 87.77%. Estimation of erythrocentaurin in extracts and fractions based on high‐pressure thin‐layer chromatography was carried out on silica gel 60 F254 plates with toluene/ethyl acetate/formic acid (80:18:2 v/v/v) as the mobile phase. The densitometric analysis was performed at 230 nm. A well‐separated compact band of erythrocentaurin appeared at Rf 0.54 ± 0.04. The analytical method showed good linearity in the concentration range of 200–1500 ng/band with a correlation coefficient of 0.99417. The limits of detection and quantification were found to be ≈60 and ≈180 ng/band, respectively. Erythrocentaurin exhibited a concentration‐dependent α‐amylase inhibition (IC50 1.67 ± 0.28 mg/mL). The outcome of the study should be considered for pharmacokinetic and biotransformation studies involving E. littorale.
Sleep magnetic resonance imaging with electroencephalogram in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Kavcic Pavel , Koren Ales , Koritnik Blaz , Fajdiga Igor , Groselj Leja D. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the mechanism and level of upper airway obstruction in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients during natural sleep, together with synchronous electroencephalogram and respiratory events registration at 3‐Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) platform with high spatial and temporal resolution.Study DesignA prospective cohort study of 20 randomly selected OSA patients.MethodsFifteen of 20 patients were able to complete spontaneous sleep during MRI. While asleep, dynamic MR images of pharynx were obtained in the midline sagittal view. During the scan, nasal and oral airflow, thoracoabdominal wall effort, and electroencephalogram were synchronously recorded. The physiologic data were retrospectively scored to identify periods of apneas and synchronized with dynamic MR images.ResultsIn all 15 patients, the site of complete airway obstruction occurred at the retropalatal space. We noticed different positions of the soft palate during apneic events. In seven of 15 patients (47%), the soft palate was attached to the tongue base and moved backward, compressing the airway. In five of 15 patients (33%), the soft palate was detached from the tongue base and solely moved backward, compressing the airway. In three patients (20%), we recorded both mechanisms of complete airway obstruction. In cases with attached soft palate to the tongue base, we noticed significant narrowing of the retrolingual space during apneic events.ConclusionWe describe a novel mechanism of obstruction dependent on the position of soft palate. This mechanism might play an important role in selecting candidates for surgery or treatment with hypoglossal nerve stimulation.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 125:1485–1490, 2015
Endoscopic ventral skull base surgery: Is early postoperative imaging warranted for detecting complications?
Authors: Diaz Lucia , Mady Leila J. , Mendelson Zachary S. , Liu James K. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: December 2014

Objectives/HypothesisFollowing endoscopic ventral skull base surgery (EVSBS), it is common practice to obtain early postoperative imaging. The role of postoperative computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in these patients remains unclear. This study aims to determine the clinical utility of early postoperative imaging after EVSBS for detecting postoperative complications.MethodsA retrospective chart analysis of 224 cases of purely EVSBS between 2009 and 2014 was performed. Data were collected regarding postoperative CT and MRI as well as hospital course. Interpretations of postoperative imaging were separated into two groups: 1) using radiologist's interpretation alone and 2) using surgeon knowledge of the case in tandem with imaging.ResultsPostoperative imaging was obtained in 213 cases (204 CT, 170 MRI) within 48 hours of surgery. Interpretation by a radiologist yielded a significantly higher rate of false positives (FP) on CT (15/204) and MRI (8/170) when compared to surgeon interpretation (CT FP =1/204 and MRI FP = 1/170) (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0366, respectively), as well as a significantly lower rate of true negatives (TN) on CT (172/204 vs. 186/204) (P = 0.0497), whereas MRI data had a similar rate of TN (150/170 vs. 157/170; P = 0.2717). The rate of postoperative complications was 7.14% (16/224). In all cases of postoperative complications that required intervention, patients exhibited clinical symptoms.ConclusionBased on our findings, the benefit of early postoperative imaging to detect complications may be limited. When positive imaging findings were encountered, their value were somewhat negated by preceding clinical symptoms.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:1072–1076, 2015
Distribution of fragile X mental retardation 1 CGG repeat and flanking haplotypes in a large Chinese population
Authors: Huang Wen , Xia Qiuping , Luo Shiyu , He Hua , Zhu Ting , Du Qian , Duan Ranhui 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFragile X syndrome is mainly caused by a CGG repeat expansion within the 5′ UTR of the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. Previous analyses of the FMR1 CGG repeat patterns and flanking haplotypes in Caucasians and African Americans have identified several factors that may influence repeat instability. However, the CGG repeat patterns and distribution for FRAXAC2 have not yet been investigated in mainland Chinese. We surveyed the CGG repeat lengths in 1113 Han Chinese (534 males and 579 females), and the CGG repeat patterns of 534 males were determined by sequence analysis. We also explored the flanking haplotypes (DXS548‐FRAXAC1‐FRAXAC2) in 566 unaffected and 28 unrelated fragile X Chinese males. The most frequent alleles for DXS548 and FRAXAC1 were identical between our Chinese population and other Asian populations. We identified several low‐abundance alleles for DXS548 and FRAXAC1 not found in previous studies in mainland Chinese and Taiwanese cohorts. The most frequent allele was (CGG)29 followed by (CGG)30, and the most frequent patterns were 9 + 9 + 9, 10 + 9 + 9, and 9 + 9 + 6 + 9, similar to those in Singaporeans. We identified only one premutation female carrier with 89 CGG repeats in the 1113 Han Chinese. A few associations between the CGG repeat patterns and flanking haplotypes were determined in this study. In general, the Chinese population had a smaller number of alleles and lower expected heterozygosity for all three STR markers and FRAXA locus when compared with Caucasians and African Americans. We identified a novel haplotype 7‐3‐5 + that is significantly associated with the full mutation.
Long‐term neurodevelopmental outcome of children from euploid pregnancies with increased nuchal translucency in the first trimester screening
Authors: Äyräs O. , Eronen M. , Tikkanen M. , Rahkola‐Soisalo P. , Paavonen J. , Stefanovic V. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the long‐term neurodevelopmental outcome of children born from singleton euploid pregnancies with increased fetal nuchal translucency (NT) in the first trimester ultrasound screening and without structural anomalies in the second trimester ultrasound screening.Study DesignThis is a register‐based retrospective cohort study carried out at a tertiary referral centre from 2002 to 2007. Children were followed up until 2012. All fetuses had increased NT (>95th percentile) at the first trimester ultrasound screening and normal findings in the second trimester ultrasound screening. Data about the neurodevelopmental outcome was retrieved from the hospital databases, The National Institute for Health and Welfare, and the Finnish Causes of Death Statistics Database. Information about received disability allowances was gathered from the Social Insurance Institute of Finland.ResultsThe study population consists of 691 children. The mean follow‐up time was 6.5 years. Neurodevelopmental disorders occurred in 29 children (4.2%). Twelve of these 29 children (1.7%) had severe neurodevelopmental impairment.ConclusionsThe long‐term neurodevelopmental outcome of children after increased fetal NT is reassuring. This information should be added to the parental counselling of such cases. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors affecting the utilization of genetic counseling services among Israeli Arab women
Authors: Sharkia Rajech , Tarabeia Jalal , Zalan Abdelnaser , Atamany Esmael , Athamna Muhammad , Allon‐Shalev Stavit 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the factors associated with utilization of genetic counseling services among pregnant Israeli Arab women.MethodsA case–control study was conducted among 414 pregnant Arab women who were referred by a family physician or a perinatologist to genetic counseling services between 2008 and 2011. Data was collected using interviews, with both groups ‘users’ and ‘non‐users’ of genetic counseling, based on a structured questionnaire including demographic, socio‐economic, medical and cultural variables.ResultsIn multivariate analysis, factors affecting women's utilization of genetic counseling service were high income level (OR 3.44, 95%CI 1.8–6.5, p < 0.001), high service accessibility (OR 0.75, 95%CI 0.67–0.84, p = 0.001), more positive attitude toward genetic counseling (OR 0.43, 95%CI 0.27–0.67, p = 0.012) and lower religiosity level (OR 1.40, 95%CI 0.94–2.09, p = 0.04). However, when we examined the following variable: pregnant woman's age, woman's education, consanguinity and pregnancy' age, knowledge level and the perspective toward abortion, no significant differences were found between the users and non‐users groups.ConclusionsThe underutilization of genetic counseling services among pregnant Israeli Arab women was associated with the following: lower income level, attitude toward genetic counseling, accessibility to service and religiosity. Thus, it is advisable to expand genetic counseling service within this community. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of an ion activation stage for atmospheric pressure ionization sources
Authors: Klee Sonja , Brockhaus Albrecht , Wißdorf Walter , Thinius Marco , Hartmann Nele , Benter Thorsten 
Published: December 2014

RATIONALEThe ion‐molecule chemistry in typical atmospheric pressure ion sources is essentially thermodynamically controlled. Methods relying on gas‐phase protonation reactions, e.g. atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), thus suffer from the low reactivity of the equilibrated reagent ion population, which is mostly [H + (H2O)n]+. Reagent ion activation to yield reactive species such as H3O+ is largely uncontrolled in commercial API mass spectrometers.METHODSThe ion activation stage (IAS) is realized as an ion 'tunnel' device. The 30‐electrode geometry has an octagonal cross section and an inner diameter of 10 mm. The tunnel is mounted in a vacuum chamber, which directly attaches to the first pumping stage of API mass spectrometers. The effluent from a typical inlet capillary is expanding into the IAS. Reagent ions are generated at atmospheric pressure. Mass spectrometric analysis is performed with quadrupole and time‐of‐flight instruments.RESULTSThe performance of the IAS is demonstrated by the controlled activation of the initially equilibrated proton‐bound water cluster system. It is shown that a gradual increase in the RF voltage amplitude applied to the electrode structure leads to a reproducible shift of the cluster distribution along with clearly discernible protonation thresholds of selected analytes. Increasing the radiofrequency (RF) voltage from zero to maximum values does not change the average ion residence time within the IAS.CONCLUSIONSWe have developed an IAS for operation in the intermediate (1–10 mbar) regime in the ion transfer region of API mass spectrometers. This stage is fully compatible with the recently introduced cAPCI method, which relies on the operation of a liquid point electrode generating very clean and stable thermal distributions of [H + (H2O)n] clusters. The IAS allows controlled ion activation by increasing the ion temperature, which is demonstrated by selective analyte protonation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dating the Martian meteorite Zagami by the 87Rb‐87Sr isochron method with a prototype in situ resonance ionization mass spectrometer
Authors: Scott Anderson F. , Levine Jonathan , Whitaker Tom J. 
Published: December 2014

RATIONALEThe geologic history of the Solar System builds on an extensive record of impact flux models, crater counts, and ~270 kg of lunar samples analyzed in terrestrial laboratories. However, estimates of impactor flux may be biased by the fact that most of the dated Apollo samples were only tenuously connected to an assumed geologic context. Moreover, uncertainties in the modeled cratering rates are significant enough to lead to estimated errors for dates on Mars and the Moon of ~1 Ga. Given the great cost of sample return missions, combined with the need to sample multiple terrains on multiple planets, we have developed a prototype instrument that can be used for in situ dating to better constrain the age of planetary samples.METHODSWe demonstrate the first use of laser ablation resonance ionization mass spectrometry for 87Rb‐87Sr isochron dating of geological specimens. The demands of accuracy and precision have required us to meet challenges including regulation of the ambient temperature, measurement of appropriate backgrounds, sufficient ablation laser intensity, avoidance of the defocusing effect of the plasma created by ablation pulses, and shielding of our detector from atoms and ions of other elements.RESULTSTo test whether we could meaningfully date planetary materials, we have analyzed a piece of the Martian meteorite Zagami. In each of four separate measurements we obtained 87Rb‐87Sr isochron ages for Zagami consistent with its published age, and, in both of two measurements that reached completion, we obtained better than 200 Ma precision. Combining all our data into a single isochron with 581 spot analyses gives an 87Rb‐87Sr age for this specimen of 360 ±90 Ma.CONCLUSIONSOur analyses of the Zagami meteorite represent the first successful application of resonance ionization mass spectrometry to isochron geochronology. Furthermore, the technique is miniaturizable for spaceflight and in situ dating on other planetary bodies. © 2014 The Authors. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
γ‐Brasses with Spontaneous Magnetization: Atom Site Preferences and Magnetism in the Fe‐Zn and Fe‐Pd‐Zn Phase Spaces
Authors: Xie Weiwei , Liu Jing , Pecharsky Vitalij , Miller Gordon J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe γ‐brasses in the binary Fe‐Zn system were re‐examined as part of the discovery of a new series of Fe‐Pd‐Zn γ‐brass compounds in the Zn‐rich region of the Fe‐Pd‐Zn phase space. Fe2+xZn11–x, x = 1.60(4)–1.99(9), and FexPd2.2–yZn10.8–x+y, x = 0.08(5)–2.46(8); y = 0.00(1)–1.44(4), all crystallize in the cubic crystal system, space group I$\bar{4}$3m, with corresponding ranges of the lattice parameter of 8.977(1)–8.979(1) Å and 9.1028(4)–9.0347(2) Å as x increases, as determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In the binary Fe‐Zn system, iron atoms preferentially occupy the outer tetrahedron (OT) sites and partially mix with zinc atoms at the inner tetrahedron (IT) sites in the 26‐atom γ‐brass clusters. At the refined upper limit of Fe content, Fe atoms also replace Zn atoms at the octahedron (OH) sites. For the ternaries FexPd2.2–yZn10.8–x+y, refined site occupancies revealed three distinct patterns: (i) at low Fe content (x < 0.2), Fe/Pd and Pd/Zn mixing occurs, respectively, at the OT and OH sites; (ii) at intermediate Fe content (x ≈ 0.7), Fe/Pd and Fe/Zn mixing occurs, respectively, at the OT and IT sites; and (iii) at high Fe content (x > 0.9), Fe mixes at the IT (with Zn), OT (with Pd), and OH (with Zn) sites. Magnetization measurements of the Fe‐rich (x > 0.9) ternary phases indicate ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic responses, which are consistent with the results of electronic structure calculations on “FePdZn11” used to model this phase. In addition, a Mulliken population analysis of the different sites in the 26‐atom γ‐brass cluster also provide a rationale for the complex behavior of atomic site occupancies vs. composition in both Fe2+xZn11–x and FexPd2.2–yZn10.8–x+y.