bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overlap Cycles for Steiner Quadruple Systems
Authors: Horan Victoria , Hurlbert Glenn 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSteiner quadruple systems are set systems in which every triple is contained in a unique quadruple. It is well known that Steiner quadruple systems of order v, or SQS(v), exist if and only if . Universal cycles, introduced by Chung, Diaconis, and Graham in 1992, are a type of cyclic Gray code. Overlap cycles are generalizations of universal cycles that were introduced in 2010 by Godbole, et al. Using Hanani's SQS constructions, we show that for every with there exists an SQS(v) that admits a 1‐overlap cycle.
Precision criteria to derive sample size when designing pediatric pharmacokinetic studies: Which measure of variability should be used?
Authors: Salem Farzaneh , Ogungbenro Kayode , Vajjah Pavan , Johnson Trevor N. , Aarons Leon , Rostami‐Hodjegan Amin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA new approach for calculation of sample size in pediatric clinical pharmacokinetic studies was suggested based on desired precision for a pharmacokinetic parameter of interest. The estimate of variability for sample size calculations could be obtained from different sources. It is not known whether these sources constantly show higher/lower variability across compounds and age groups. We obtained estimates of variability for clearance, volume of distribution and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve for 5 drugs from adult/pediatric classic clinical pharmacokinetic studies, and physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) combined with in vitro–in vivo extrapolation. Estimates were applied to the proposal methodology for non‐compartmental analysis. Sample size was different for each drug based on various estimates of variability from different pharmacokinetic parameters and depending on the age. Overall, there was no consistent discrepancy in sample size calculated according to the source of variability. A conservative approach should be taken when using “precision based methodology” knowing that various sources of initial estimates of variability will not lead to similar sample size calculations. Although PBPK simulations could be used for estimating variability, further work is required to investigate the best approach to estimate variability of pharmacokinetic parameters in pediatric populations and hence sample size calculations.
Metabolic reaction network of Pichia pastoris with glycosylation reactions: Flux analysis for erythropoietin production
Authors: Eskitoros Melda Ş. , Ata Özge , Çalık Pınar 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiochemical reaction network of Pichia pastoris was improved by including N‐ glycosylation pathway reactions to determine the intracellular reaction rates for glycosylated protein production.RESULTSWhen co‐substrate sorbitol was replaced with mannitol, 12‐fold increase in erythropoietin flux was obtained as a result of 1.2‐ and 2.4‐fold increase in glucose‐6‐phosphate (G6P) formation from fructose‐6‐phosphate (F6P) and 3‐phospho‐D‐glycerate (3PG) formation from glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate (G3P), respectively. Thus, to analyse the fluxes around F6P and the fluxes of the glycosylation pathway reactions in depth, the biochemical reaction network of P. pastoris containing 204 reactions and 129 metabolites was developed and used. The flux analysis for glycosylated erythropoietin production with three glycan residues having 12 mannoses (EPO‐Man12) reveals that the fluxes from G3P and guanosine 5′‐diphosphate (GDP) to F6P synthesis were 1.6‐ and 3‐fold higher than that of the fluxes determined for erythropoietin production with no glycans (EPO), respectively. Furthermore, the results of theoretical data‐based overproduction capacity show that the fluxes of EPO‐Man12 and partially humanized EPO with three glycan residues having five mannoses (EPO‐Man5) were 3.6 and 3.8 µmol gDCW‐1 h‐1, respectively, when the methanol and mannitol uptake rates were 2.10 mmol gDCW‐1 h‐1 and 1.49 mmol gDCW‐1 h‐1. For glycoprotein production, fluxes around F6P were found to be important as UDP‐N‐acetyl‐α‐D‐glucosamine (UDP‐GlcNAc) and guanosine 5′‐diphosphate‐D‐Mannose (GDP‐Man) were produced from F6P. Thus the co‐substrate mannitol does not repress AOX promoter but is easily converted to F6P, enhancing glycoprotein production.CONCLUSIONA metabolic reaction network for P. pastoris with glycosylation reactions is proposed for the determination of fluxes for glycoprotein production by P. pastoris. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Notable plesiomorphies and notable specializations: Head structure of the primitive “tongue moth” Acanthopteroctetes unifascia (lepidoptera: Acanthopteroctetidae)
Authors: Kristensen Niels P. , Rota Jadranka , Fischer Stefan 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe Acanthopteroctetidae are one of the first‐originated family‐group lineages within “tongue moths” (Lepidoptera‐Glossata). The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive account (based on whole mount preparations, serial sections, and Scanning electron microscopy) of the cephalic structure of an adult exemplar of the family, to supplement the sparse available information. Notable plesiomorphies include the retention of frontal retractors of the narrow labrum, a high supraocular index linked to strong development of cranio‐mandibular ad‐ and abductors, and perhaps the unusually short but still coilable (just ca. 1.5 turns) galeal “tongue.” Notable specializations (probably mostly family autapomorphies) include a complement of large sensilla placodea on the male antennae, an apical attachment of the long dorsal tentorial arm to the cranium, an extreme reduction of the single‐segmented labial palps, a particularly strong subgenal bridge and a surface structure of near‐parallel ridges on the ommatidial corneae. The presence of sizable saccular mandibular (type 1) glands opening into the adductor apodeme is unexpected, no counterparts being known from neighboring taxa. The same is true for ventral salivarium dilator muscles originating on the prelabium; and tentatively suggested to be homologues of the extrinsic palp flexors (the insertion shift being related to loss of original function due to palp reduction), rather than to the ventral salivarium muscles of more basal insects. A complete “deutocerebral loop”' may or may not be developed, as is true for a mutual appression of the optic lobe and circumoesophageal connective/suboesophageal ganglion, enclosing the anterior tentorial arm between them; a suboesophageal innervation of the retrocerebral complex was not observed. No characters bearing on the monophyly of the Coelolepida were identified. The scapo‐pedicellar articulation with a scapal process and a smooth intercalary sclerite is reminiscent of conditions in Neopseustidae, but remains debatable as a synapomorphy of the two families. J. Morphol. 275:153–172, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coexistence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody to hepatitis B surface may increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Seo Seung In , Choi Hyeok Soo , Choi Bo Youn , Kim Hyoung Su , Kim Hak Yang , Jang Myoung Kuk 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe simultaneous detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to hepatitis B surface (anti‐HBs) is unusual in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, but may be related with more advanced liver diseases. This retrospective long‐term cohort study was aimed to investigate whether coexistence of HBsAg and anti‐HBs may increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in chronic HBV infection. A total of 1,042 non‐HCC patients were recruited and followed up for a median 4.3 years (range 1.0–22 years). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the risk factors for HCC development. The prevalence of coexistence of HBsAg and anti‐HBs was 7.0% (73/1,042). In univariate analysis, the 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐year cumulative incidences of HCC were significantly higher in coexistence group than in HBsAg only group (12.7%, 23.4%, 69.4% vs. 4.9%, 13%, 20.6%, respectively; P = 0.008). In multivariate analysis, coexistence of HBsAg and anti‐HBs [Hazard ratio (HR), 2.001; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.023–3.912; P = 0.043] as well as male gender [HR, 1.898; 95% CI, 0.31–0.896; P = 0.018], age over 40 years [HR, 14.56; 95% CI, 4.499–47.08; P = 0.0001], and cirrhosis [HR, 7.995; 95% CI, 4.756–13.439; P = 0.0001] was identified as the independent factor for HCC development. Also, the cumulative incidence of HCC increased in proportion to the number of the risk factors. In conclusion, coexistence of HBsAg and anti‐HBs may increase independently the risk of HCC development in chronic HBV infection. Therefore, consideration of HCC development is required in patients with coexistence of HBsAg and anti‐HBs. J. Med. Virol. 86:124–130, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Let There Be Light: Photo‐Cross‐Linked Block Copolymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Roy Debashish , Sumerlin Brent S. 
Published: October 2013

Polymeric nanoparticles are prepared by selectively cross‐linking a photo‐sensitive dimethylmaleimide‐containing block of a diblock copolymer via UV irradiation. A well‐defined photo‐cross‐linkable block copolymer is prepared via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of a dimethylmaleimide‐functional acrylamido monomer containing photoreactive pendant groups with a poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) macro‐chain transfer agent. The resulting amphiphilic block copolymers form micelles in water with a hydrophilic PDMA shell and a hydrophobic photo‐cross‐linkable dimethylmaleimide‐containing core. UV irradiation results in photodimerization of the dimethylmaleimide groups within the micelle cores to yield core‐cross‐linked aggregates. Alternatively, UV irradiation of homogeneous solutions of the block copolymer in a non‐selective solvent leads to in situ nanoparticle formation.
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Silymarin suppresses the PGE2‐induced cell migration through inhibition of EP2 activation; G protein‐dependent PKA‐CREB and G protein‐independent Src‐STAT3 signal pathways
Authors: Woo Seon Min , Min Kyoung‐Jin , Chae In Gyeong , Chun Kyung‐Soo , Kwon Taeg Kyu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSilymarin has been known as a chemopreventive agent, and possesses multiple anti‐cancer activities including induction of apoptosis, inhibition of proliferation and growth, and blockade of migration and invasion. However, whether silymarin could inhibit prostaglandin (PG) E2‐induced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) migration and what are the underlying mechanisms are not well elucidated. Here, we found that silymarin markedly inhibited PGE2‐stimulated migration. PGE2 induced G protein‐dependent CREB phosphorylation via protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, and PKA inhibitor (H89) inhibited PGE2‐mediated migration. Silymarin reduced PGE2‐induced CREB phosphorylation and CRE‐promoter activity. PGE2 also activated G protien‐independent signaling pathways (Src and STAT3) and silymarin reduced PGE2‐induced phosphorylation of Src and STAT3. Inhibitor of Src (Saracatinib) markedly reduced PGE2‐mediated migration. We found that EP2, a PGE2 receptor, is involved in PGE2‐mediated cell migration. Down regulation of EP2 by EP2 siRNA and EP2 antagonist (AH6809) reduced PGE2‐inudced migration. In contrast, EP2 agonist (Butaprost) increased cell migration and silymarin effectively reduced butaprost‐mediated cell migration. Moreover, PGE2 increased EP2 expression through activation of positive feedback mechanism, and PGE2‐induced EP2 expression, as well as basal EP2 levels, were reduced in silymarin‐treated cells. Taken together, our study demonstrates that silymarin inhibited PGE2‐induced cell migration through inhibition of EP2 signaling pathways (G protein dependent PKA‐CREB and G protein‐independent Src‐STAT3). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Network analysis for active and passive propagation models
Authors: Kim In‐Jae , Barthel Brian P. , Park Yuyoung , Tait Jordan R. , Dobmeier Joseph L. , Kim Sung , Shin Dooyoung 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA large number of studies have been conducted over a long period of time to better understand how people adopt new products and/or ideas. With recent advancement in social network technologies such as Facebook and Twitter, the interest in better understanding the role of social network effect or social influence on the adoption of an idea has again been brought to the forefront. In this study, we examine the propagation of ideas through a social network and we introduce two network propagation rules to explain the idea propagation under social influence. We then apply the rules to different network models, which include a large‐world network, a small‐world network, a random network, and local neighbor networks such as a path, a star, and their variations. In terms of social network in our study, we say that if a person has adopted an idea, then the person is infected by the idea. So the main interest of our study is to find the minimum number of initially infected individuals (i.e., early adopters of an idea) to effectively infect the rest of the social network. Furthermore, we give examples of real‐world situations in management and the spread of violence, where the proposed propagation analysis can be applied. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 63(2), 160–169 2014
A High‐order extended finite element method for extraction of mixed‐mode strain energy release rates in arbitrary crack settings based on Irwin's integral
Authors: Lan Mengyu , Waisman Haim , Harari Isaac 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYAn analytical formulation based on Irwin's integral and combined with the extended finite element method is proposed to extract mixed‐mode components of strain energy release rates in linear elastic fracture mechanics. The proposed formulation extends our previous work to cracks in arbitrary orientations and is therefore suited for crack propagation problems. In essence, the approach employs high‐order enrichment functions and evaluates Irwin's integral in closed form, once the linear system is solved and the algebraic degrees of freedom are determined.Several benchmark examples are investigated including off‐center cracks, inclined cracks, and two crack growth problems. On all these problems, the method is shown to work well, giving accurate results. Moreover, because of its analytical nature, no special post‐processing is required. Thus, we conclude that this method may provide a good and simple alternative to the popular J‐integral method. In addition, it may circumvent some of the limitations of the J‐integral in 3D modeling and in problems involving branching and coalescence of cracks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of sales promotions, weight status, and impulsivity on purchases in a supermarket
Authors: Nederkoorn Chantal 
Published: October 2013

ObjectiveSeveral environmental factors contribute to increased food consumption and play a role in the prevalence of obesity, like portion size, accessibility and relative price of high caloric foods, food commercials, and sales promotions. However, not everyone seems equally sensitive to these environmental cues and both obesity and impulsivity appears to play a role.MethodsIn this study, food purchases in an internet supermarket are tested in 118 participants, with or without sales promotions for snack foods. Both weight status and response inhibition, an index of impulsivity, are measured.ResultsParticipants with less inhibitory control purchased in total more calories from the internet supermarket then participants with more inhibitory control. In addition, sales promotion, weight status, and inhibitory control appeared to interact in their effect on snack food purchases: participants with less inhibitory control and overweight bought more calories of snacks in the sales promotions condition, but not in the control condition. For the other participants, with normal weight and/or high inhibitory control, sales promotions had no effect on their purchases of calories of snacks.ConclusionsIt seems that especially the combination of low inhibitory control and overweight makes participants vulnerable for environmental cues.
BIRC5 (survivin) splice variant expression correlates with refractory disease and poor outcome in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Moore Andrew S. , Alonzo Todd A. , Gerbing Robert B. , Lange Beverly J. , Heerema Nyla A. , Franklin Janet , Raimondi Susana C. , Hirsch Betsy A. , Gamis Alan S. , Meshinchi Soheil 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe inhibitor‐of‐apoptosis protein survivin, encoded by BIRC5, regulates apoptosis, cell division and proliferation. Several survivin splice variants have been described however, the prognostic significance of their expression has not been well defined in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML).ProcedureQuantitative expression analyses of BIRC5 mRNA (n = 306) and survivin transcript splice variants (n = 90) were performed on diagnostic bone marrow samples from children with de novo AML treated on the clinical trials CCG‐2961 and AAML03P1, then correlated with disease characteristics and clinical outcome.ResultsTotal BIRC5 expression did not correlate with clinical outcome. Fragment length analysis and sequencing of the entire BIRC5 transcript demonstrated three splice variants. The most prominent product, wild‐type survivin, was expressed in all samples tested. Two minor transcripts were present in 90 patients treated on CCG‐2961; survivin‐2B and a novel variant, survivin‐ΔEx2, characterized by deletion of BIRC5 exon II. A high 2B/ΔEx2 expression ratio (≥1) correlated with increased diagnostic WBC count, monocytic phenotype, +8 cytogenetics, lower complete remission (45% [n = 10] vs. 88% [n = 59], P < 0.001) and higher induction failure rates (23% [n = 5] vs. 3% [n = 2], P = 0.009). Consistent with this poor induction response, patients with a 2B/ΔEx2 ratio ≥1 had inferior 5‐year survival rates (OS 36% vs. 60%, P = 0.011; EFS 23% vs. 53% at 5 years, P = 0.001) and appear to have increased relapse risk (P = 0.056). Subset analyses suggest that relative over‐expression of 2B, rather than under‐expression of ΔEx2 determines clinical response.ConclusionsHigh survivin‐2B/ΔEx2 ratios are associated with refractory disease and inferior survival in childhood AML. Survivin splice variant expression warrants prospective evaluation in clinical trials. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014;61:647–652. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Endobarrier: a viable alternative to gastric bypass surgery?
Authors: Longcroft‐Wheaton G , Bhandari P 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObesity is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in modern society. While bariatric surgery is becoming increasingly common as an evidence‐based method of treating such patients, it is very invasive and associated with significant risk. There is a need for less invasive endoscopic measures to treat obesity, particularly in patients with comorbidities such as diabetes. Endobarrier is a novel endoscopic technique which can potentially improve metabolic abnormalities such as diabetes and induce weight loss in obese patients with diabetes.This article reviews the evidence behind Endobarrier, its role in managing obese patients, in particular those with diabetes, and investigates where this device could potentially be used in clinical practice. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Lie algebroids, non‐associative structures and non‐geometric fluxes
Authors: Deser A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn the first part of this article, the geometry of Lie algebroids as well as the Moyal‐Weyl star product and some of its generalizations in open string theory are reviewed. A brief introduction to T‐duality and non‐geometric fluxes is given. Based on these foundations, more recent results are discussed in the second part of the article. On the world‐sheet level, we will analyse closed string theory with flat background and constant H‐flux. After an odd number of T‐dualities, correlation functions allow to extract a three‐product having a pattern similar to the Moyal‐Weyl product. We then focus on the target space and the local appearance of the various fluxes. An algebra based on vector fields is proposed, whose structure functions are given by the fluxes. Jacobi‐identities for vector fields allow for the computation of Bianchi‐identities. Based on the latter, we give a proof for a special Courant algebroid structure on the generalized tangent bundle, where the fluxes are realized by the commutation relations of a basis of sections. As reviewed in the first part of this work, in the description of non‐geometric Q‐ and R‐fluxes, the B‐field gets replaced by a bi‐vector β, which is supposed to serve as the dual object to B under T‐duality. A natural question is about the existence of a differential geometric framework allowing the construction of actions manifestly invariant under coordinate‐ and gauge transformations, which couple the β‐field to gravity. It turns out that Lie algebroids are the right language to answer this question positively. We conclude by giving an outlook on future directions.
Guidelines for determining the probability of ignition of a released flammable mass
Authors: Stack Bob , Sepeda Adrian , Moosemiller Mike 
Published: October 2013

It is not difficult to find situations in which the probability of ignition for a given set of conditions varies widely from source to source. There are also some variables that are known to be important to the probability of ignition that have not yet been rigorously quantified. This results in uncertainty in risk‐based studies, limiting the ability of the risk manager to justify spending for appropriate projects that would reduce the probability of ignition as a way of managing risk.For this reason, CCPS commissioned a new book for release in 2013 that consolidates the available information on this subject and proposes ignition probability algorithms that advance the state of the art. Purchasing the book also allows access to software that codifies (and automates some of) the methods discussed in the book. The intended audiences for the book are Process Safety Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) involved in risk assessments and hazard evaluations. The timing of the new book's release is after the release of the revision to the CCPS book, “Guidelines for Evaluating Process Plant Buildings for External Fires, Explosions, and Toxic Releases,” and near the release time of another CCPS book, “Guidelines for Enabling Conditions and Conditional Modifiers for Layer of Protection Analysis” in order to support the risk‐based analyses described in those publications. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 33: 19–25, 2014
Anisotropy of the electron effective mass in rutile SnO2 determined by infrared ellipsometry
Authors: Feneberg Martin , Lidig Christian , Lange Karsten , White Mark E. , Tsai Min Y. , Speck James S. , Bierwagen Oliver , Goldhahn Rüdiger 
Published: October 2013

AbstractGeneralized infrared spectroscopic ellipsometry (GIRSE) was applied to Sb‐doped rutile SnO2(101) films grown by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE). Coupled longitudinal‐optical (LO) phonon–plasmon (LPP) modes for the two principal polarization directions of the optically anisotropic SnO2 were identified and their frequencies were determined as a function of electron concentrations obtained by Hall effect measurements. The analysis of these modes yielded very accurate values for the plasma frequencies and finally the anisotropy of the electron effective masses as a function of carrier density. Comparison to Hall effect electron concentrations yielded a non‐parabolicity of the conduction band.