bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic Research in Cancer Epidemiology: Trends, Opportunities, and Challenges
Authors: Verma Mukesh , Rogers Scott , Divi Rao L. , Schully Sheri D. , Nelson Stefanie , Joseph Su L. , Ross Sharon A. , Pilch Susan , Winn Deborah M. , Khoury Muin J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractEpigenetics is emerging as an important field in cancer epidemiology that promises to provide insights into gene regulation and facilitate cancer control throughout the cancer care continuum. Increasingly, investigators are incorporating epigenetic analysis into the studies of etiology and outcomes. To understand current progress and trends in the inclusion of epigenetics in cancer epidemiology, we evaluated the published literature and the National Cancer Institute (NCI)–supported research grant awards in this field to identify trends in epigenetics research. We present a summary of the epidemiologic studies in NCI's grant portfolio (from January 2005 through December 2012) and in the scientific literature published during the same period, irrespective of support from the NCI. Blood cells and tumor tissue were the most commonly used biospecimens in these studies, although buccal cells, cervical cells, sputum, and stool samples were also used. DNA methylation profiling was the focus of the majority of studies, but several studies also measured microRNA profiles. We illustrate here the current status of epidemiologic studies that are evaluating epigenetic changes in large populations. The incorporation of epigenomic assessments in cancer epidemiology studies has and is likely to continue to provide important insights into the field of cancer research. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(2); 223–33. ©2013 AACR.
Co-Clinical Trials Demonstrate Superiority of Crizotinib to Chemotherapy in ALK-Rearranged Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Predict Strategies to Overcome Resistance
Authors: Chen Zhao , Akbay Esra , Mikse Oliver , Tupper Tanya , Cheng Katherine , Wang Yuchuan , Tan Xiaohong , Altabef Abigail , Woo Sue-Ann , Chen Liang , Reibel Jacob B. , Janne Pasi A. , Sharpless Norman E. , Engelman Jeffrey A. , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Kung Andrew L. , Wong Kwok-Kin 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Purpose: To extend the results of a phase III trial in patients with non–small cell lung cancer with adenocarcinomas harboring EML4-ALK fusion.
Experimental Design: We conducted a co-clinical trial in a mouse model comparing the ALK inhibitor crizotinib to the standard-of-care cytotoxic agents docetaxel or pemetrexed.
Results: Concordant with the clinical outcome in humans, crizotinib produced a substantially higher response rate compared with chemotherapy, associated with significantly longer progression-free survival. Overall survival was also prolonged in crizotinib- compared with chemotherapy-treated mice. Pemetrexed produced superior overall survival compared with docetaxel, suggesting that this agent may be the preferred chemotherapy in the ALK population. In addition, in the EML4-ALK–driven mouse lung adenocarcinoma model, HSP90 inhibition can overcome both primary and acquired crizotinib resistance. Furthermore, HSP90 inhibition, as well as the second-generation ALK inhibitor TAE684, demonstrated activity in newly developed lung adenocarcinoma models driven by crizotinib-insensitive EML4-ALK L1196M or F1174L.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that crizotinib is superior to standard chemotherapy in ALK inhibitor–naïve disease and support further clinical investigation of HSP90 inhibitors and second-generation ALK inhibitors in tumors with primary or acquired crizotinib resistance. Clin Cancer Res; 20(5); 1204–11. ©2013 AACR.
O USO DA INTERNET NAS CAMPANHAS ELEITORAIS: BALANÇO DO DEBATE E ALGUMAS EVIDÊNCIAS SOBRE O BRASIL
Authors: BRAGA SÉRGIO 
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste artigo é fazer uma reflexão sobre o uso das novas tecnologias nas últimas eleições brasileiras a partir dos resultados de nossa pesquisa empírica sobre o emprego da Internet pelos 406 candidatos aos governos dos estados e ao Senado nas eleições de outubro de 2010. Os resultados apontam para um padrão de uso da web diferente do ocorrido nas eleições anteriores, com duas características básicas: 1) atenuação do digital divide entre os candidatos de diferentes regiões do país e tendência à “normalização” do uso da Internet entre os candidatos; 2) ampla difusão do uso das chamadas “mídias sociais” pelos candidatos, com Twitter, Facebook e postagens de vídeos no YouTube substituindo mecanismos tradicionais de interação on-line, tais como blogs, fóruns e chats.
Desafios e reformas da previdência social brasileira
Authors: Tafner Paulo 
Published: December 2013

Nos últimos vinte anos a questão previdenciária ocupou grande parte do espaço do debate dedicado aos rumos e às transformações da política social no Brasil. Nesse período, ocorreram duas importantes reformas, em 1998 e 2003. A despeito dos esforços empenhados nelas, muita coisa ainda deve ser feita, uma vez que essas reformas se mostraram insuficientes para a solução dos problemas. Um dos grandes obstáculos de nossa previdência social é que as regras que a regem ainda resistem a alterações, embora as mesmas não respondam mais à realidade atual da sociedade brasileira. O problema adquire contornos mais dramáticos no momento em que vivemos, de importantes mudanças demográficas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é discutir a questão previdenciária brasileira no âmbito da construção de uma agenda de reformas que vise a orientar decisões de autoridades que trabalham no tema e auxiliar na busca de soluções definitivas. Nesse debate, incluem-se outros paralelamente, como, por exemplo: o que esperar dos gastos previdenciários diante da perspectiva de mudança demográfica?
Segurança das nuvens computacionais: uma visão dos principais problemas e soluções
Authors: Gonzalez Nelson Mimura , Miers Charles Christian , Redígolo Fernando Frota , Rojas Marco Antônio Torrez , Carvalho Tereza Cristina Melo de Brito 
Published: December 2013

O uso da computação em nuvem traz um novo paradigma para o fornecimento de serviços computacionais, no qual não é necessário possuir todos os recursos para poder disponibilizar um serviço e, principalmente, só é preciso pagar a quantidade de recursos consumida. Contudo, o custo financeiro não é o único fator determinante para a adoção ou migração para nuvens computacionais, mas, sim, a segurança dos serviços. Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar as principais questões (problemas e soluções) de segurança relacionadas à computação em nuvem, assim como classificar e analisar quantitativamente cada uma das questões identificadas. A análise quantitativa fornece informações sobre a concentração das pesquisas relacionadas à segurança computacional das nuvens, assim como uma comparação entre os problemas e soluções identificados.
Biblioteca pública: do século XIX para o XXI
Authors: Milanesi Luís 
Published: December 2013

As bibliotecas públicas brasileiras estão entre dois tempos: o seu próprio modelo, que remete ao século XIX, e a necessidade de trazê-las para o século XXI. Enquanto o primeiro tempo deve ser superado, o segundo ainda deverá ser alcançado, como desafio técnico e político-social. Enquanto o primeiro oferece recursos conhecidos e acessíveis, o segundo depende de decisões que ultrapassam o campo técnico. As bases desse esboço ligam-se ao uso da tecnologia para preservar e fortalecer valores da informação pública: democracia, diversidade e informação necessária e de qualidade como base do desenvolvimento material e imaterial da nação.
Optimized Delivery System Achieves Enhanced Endomyocardial Stem Cell Retention
Authors: Behfar Atta , Latere Jean-Pierre , Bartunek Jozef , Homsy Christian , Daro Dorothee , Crespo-Diaz Ruben J. , Stalboerger Paul G. , Steenwinckel Valerie , Seron Aymeric , Redfield Margaret M. , Terzic Andre 
Published: December 2013

Background—
Regenerative cell-based therapies are associated with limited myocardial retention of delivered stem cells. The objective of this study is to develop an endocardial delivery system for enhanced cell retention.

Methods and Results—
Stem cell retention was simulated in silico using 1- and 3-dimensional models of tissue distortion and compliance associated with delivery. Needle designs, predicted to be optimal, were accordingly engineered using nitinol, a nickel and titanium alloy displaying shape memory and superelasticity. Biocompatibility was tested with human mesenchymal stem cells. Experimental validation was performed with species-matched cells directly delivered into Langendorff-perfused porcine hearts or administered percutaneously into the endocardium of infarcted pigs. Cell retention was quantified by flow cytometry and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction methodology. Models, computing optimal distribution of distortion calibrated to favor tissue compliance, predicted that a 75°-curved needle featuring small-to-large graded side holes would ensure the highest cell retention profile. In isolated hearts, the nitinol curved needle catheter (C-Cath) design ensured 3-fold superior stem cell retention compared with a standard needle. In the setting of chronic infarction, percutaneous delivery of stem cells with C-Cath yielded a 37.7±7.1% versus 10.0±2.8% retention achieved with a traditional needle without effect on biocompatibility or safety.

Conclusions—
Modeling-guided development of a nitinol-based curved needle delivery system with incremental side holes achieved enhanced myocardial stem cell retention.
Activation of Hypoxia‐Inducible Factor‐2 in Adipocytes Results in Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Lin Qun , Huang Yan , Booth Carmen J. , Haase Volker H. , Johnson Randall S. , Celeste Simon M. , Giordano Frank J. , Yun Zhong 
Published: December 2013

Background
Obesity can cause structural and functional abnormalities of the heart via complex but largely undefined mechanisms. Emerging evidence has shown that obesity results in reduced oxygen concentrations, or hypoxia, in adipose tissue. We hypothesized that the adipocyte hypoxia‐signaling pathway plays an essential role in the development of obesity‐associated cardiomyopathy.

Methods and Results

Using a mouse model in which the hypoxia‐inducible factor (
HIF
) pathway is activated by deletion of the von Hippel–Lindau gene specifically in adipocytes, we found that mice with adipocyte–von Hippel–Lindau deletion developed lethal cardiac hypertrophy.
HIF
activation in adipocytes results in overexpression of key cardiomyopathy‐associated genes in adipose tissue, increased serum levels of several proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin‐1β and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, and activation of nuclear factor–κB and nuclear factor of activated T cells in the heart. Interestingly, genetic deletion of

Hif2a

, but not

Hif1a

, was able to rescue cardiac hypertrophy and abrogate adipose inflammation.

Conclusion

We have discovered a previously uncharacterized mechanism underlying a critical and direct role of the adipocyte
HIF
‐2 transcription factor in the development of adipose inflammation and pathological cardiac hypertrophy.
Rectification of El Niño–Southern Oscillation into Climate Anomalies of Decadal and Longer Time Scales: Results from Forced Ocean GCM Experiments
Authors: Sun De-Zheng , Zhang Tao , Sun Yan , Yu Yongqiang 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
To better understand the causes of climate change in the tropical Pacific on the decadal and longer time scales, the rectification effect of ENSO events is delineated by contrasting the time-mean state of two forced ocean GCM experiments. In one of them, the long-term mean surface wind stress of 1950–2011 is applied, while in the other, the surface wind stress used is the long-term mean surface wind stress of 1950–2011 plus the interannual monthly anomalies over the period. Thus, the long-term means of the surface wind stress in the two runs are identical. The two experiments also use the same relaxation boundary conditions, that is, the SST is restored to the same prescribed values. The two runs, however, are found to yield significantly different mean climate for the tropical Pacific. The mean state of the run with interannual fluctuations in the surface winds is found to have a cooler warm pool, warmer thermocline water, and warmer eastern surface Pacific than the run without interannual fluctuations in the surface winds. The warming of the eastern Pacific has a pattern that resembles the observed decadal warming. In particular, the pattern features an off-equator maximum as the observed decadal warming. The spatial pattern of the time-mean upper-ocean temperature differences between the two experiments is shown to resemble that of the differences in the nonlinear dynamic heating, underscoring the role of the nonlinear ocean dynamics in the rectification. The study strengthens the suggestion that rectification of ENSO can be a viable mechanism for climate change of decadal and longer time scales.
The Effects of Gap-Wind-Induced Vorticity, the Monsoon Trough, and the ITCZ on East Pacific Tropical Cyclogenesis
Authors: Holbach Heather M. , Bourassa Mark A. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Tropical cyclogenesis in the eastern North Pacific (EPAC) basin is related to gap-wind-induced surface relative vorticity, the monsoon trough, and the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ). There are several gaps in the Central American mountains, on the eastern edge of the EPAC basin, through which wind can be funneled to generate surface wind jets (gap winds). This study focuses on gap winds that occur over the Gulf of Papagayo and Gulf of Tehuantepec. Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) 10-m equivalent neutral winds are used to identify gap wind events that occur during May through November of 2002–08. Dvorak fix locations, Gridded Satellite (GridSat) infrared (IR) data, and National Hurricane Center (NHC) tropical cyclone (TC) reports are used to track the disturbances during the study period. Surface vorticity is tracked using the QuikSCAT winds and the contribution of surface vorticity from the gap winds to the development of each disturbance is categorized as small, medium, or large. Cross-calibrated multiplatform surface wind data are used to verify the tracking of QuikSCAT-computed surface vorticity and to identify when the monsoon trough and the ITCZ are present. It is found that gap winds are present over the Gulf of Papagayo and Gulf of Tehuantepec for about 50% of the QuikSCAT coverage days and that these gap winds appear to contribute to the development of disturbances in the EPAC. Considerably more TCs form when the monsoon trough is present versus the ITCZ and the majority of the contributions from the gap winds also occur when the monsoon trough is present.
The recognition of the personality disorders among young people
Authors: Furnham Adrian , Bates Sophie , Ladha Ruhina , Lee Zhen Yi , Lousley Chiara , Sigl-Gloecker Joanna 
Published: December 2013

Background: Previous research suggests that mental health literacy regarding the personality disorders is low, with few disorders being recognised. Aims: The current study aimed to examine the effect of a background in psychology as a predictor of knowledge of the personality disorders. Methods: An opportunistic sample of 165 participants (mean age = 30.12 years, standard deviation ( SD) = 15.27 years) took part in the study. Participants were instructed to read 10 personality disorder vignettes and other ‘filler’ items and rate each person in terms of how happy, successful at work and good at personal relationships they are, as well as whether they have a psychological problem. Results: Results showed, as predicted, that those with a background in psychology were more accurate at labelling disorders. In addition, laypeople’s mental health literacy was good for identifying the presence of personality disorders, but was considerably poorer when naming them. Conclusion: Recognising that people may have a disorder and having a ‘correct’ or recognised label are not the same thing.
Lack of association between venous hemodynamics, venous morphology and the postthrombotic syndrome after upper extremity deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Czihal M , Paul S , Rademacher A , Bernau C , Hoffmann U 
Published: December 2013

Objectives To explore the association of the postthrombotic syndrome with venous hemodynamics and morphological abnormalities after upper extremity deep venous thrombosis. Methods Thirty-seven patients with a history of upper extremity deep venous thrombosis treated with anticoagulation alone underwent a single study visit (mean time after diagnosis: 44.4 ± 28.1 months). Presence and severity postthrombotic syndrome were classified according to the modified Villalta score. Venous volume and venous emptying were determined by strain-gauge plethysmography. The arm veins were assessed for postthrombotic abnormalities by ultrasonography. The relationship between postthrombotic syndrome and hemodynamic and morphological sequelae was evaluated using univariate significance tests and Spearman’s correlation analysis. Results Fifteen of 37 patients (40.5%) developed postthrombotic syndrome. Venous volume and venous emptying of the arm affected by upper extremity deep venous thrombosis did not correlate with the Villalta score (rho = 0.17 and 0.19; p = 0.31 and 0.25, respectively). Residual morphological abnormalities, as assessed by ultrasonography, did not differ significantly between patients with and without postthrombotic syndrome (77.3% vs. 86.7%, p = 0.68). Conclusions Postthrombotic syndrome after upper extremity deep venous thrombosis is not associated with venous hemodynamics or residual morphological abnormalities.
A survey of prognosis discussions held by health-care providers who request palliative care consultation
Authors: Chang Amy , Datta-Barua Indrany , McLaughlin Beth , Daly Barbara 
Published: December 2013

Background: Patient misunderstandings about prognosis may be related to lack of communication. Aim: This study aimed to examine prognosis discussions held with hospitalized patients for whom palliative care consultations were requested, and if prognosis discussions did not occur, to explore why not. Design: This was a survey conducted over the telephone from a convenience sample of health-care providers who requested palliative care consultations. Respondents were asked about whether prognosis had been discussed with the patient and the topics addressed. Participants: A total of 65 health-care providers who called to request a consultation from the palliative care team in a large academic medical center in the United States. Results: Of the 65 responses, 45 (69.2%) subjects reported that a prognosis discussion had occurred, while 15 (23.1%) reported that a prognosis discussion had not taken place. Among the surveys reporting a prognosis discussion, a majority of providers responded that most aspects of prognosis were discussed, with the exceptions of life expectancy, survival rates/statistics, and psychosocial concerns. When the prognosis discussion had not occurred, the most common reasons for omitting the prognosis discussion included difficulty in determining prognosis, the perception that the patient already knew his or her prognosis, and the belief that the prognosis discussion was better suited for a different specialty. Conclusions: The results of this study highlight the uncertainty that primary team providers in the academic hospital environment have with prognostication, which is a complex process for which this set of providers, composed primarily of medical trainees and nurses, may not have had sufficient training.
Postoperative complications after closed calcaneus fracture treated by open reduction and internal fixation: A review
Authors: Yu Xiao , Pang Qing-Jiang , Chen Liang , Yang Chang-Chun , Chen Xian-Jun 
Published: December 2013

Objective To review postoperative complications reported after closed calcaneus fracture treated by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Methods Postoperative complications reported in the literature between 1995 and 2012 were identified. Papers were retrieved from publicly available databases and included in this study if they met the following criteria: clinical research of cases of closed calcaneus fracture treated by ORIF; ≥10 cases; detailed information about complications, treatment and follow up. Results Twenty-one clinical reports were analysed (2046 cases). Reported complications (and incidence rates) were: infection and skin flap necrosis (13.6%); neurovascular injury (2.8%); post-traumatic arthritis (1.2%); malreduction/implant problems (0.8%); nonunion (0.1%). Conclusions Postoperative complications after closed calcaneus fracture are common clinical problems that cannot always be avoided. They can even be life altering, due to the requirement for long-term treatment or amputation and their economic impact on the patient. Complications should be diagnosed and treated promptly, to achieve satisfactory outcomes. Nonsurgical treatment (e.g. local wound care, drugs or physical therapy) can be attempted. If such measures fail, surgical treatment (e.g. debridement, skin flap transplantation, implant removal, re-opening of the reduction and internal fixation or subtalar joint arthrodesis) should be considered.
A New Source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Articular Cartilage Repair
Authors: Fu Wei-Li , Zhou Chun-Yan , Yu Jia-Kuo 
Published: December 2013

Background: Bone marrow (BM) has been considered as a major source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but it has many disadvantages in clinical application. However, MSCs from peripheral blood (PB) could be obtained by a less invasive method and be more beneficial for autologous transplantation than BM MSCs, which makes PB a promising source for articular cartilage repair in clinical use. Purpose: To assess whether MSCs from mobilized PB of New Zealand White rabbits have similar biological characteristics in vitro and chondrogenesis in vivo as BM MSCs. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A combined method of drug administration containing granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) plus CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 was adopted to mobilize the PB stem cells of adult New Zealand White rabbits in vitro. The isolated cells were identified as MSCs by morphological characteristics, surface markers, and differentiation potentials. A comparison between PB MSCs and BM MSCs was made in terms of biological characteristics in vitro and chondrogenesis in vivo. This issue was investigated from the aspects of morphology, immune phenotype, multiple differentiation capacity, expansion potential, antiapoptotic capacity, and ability to repair cartilage defects in vivo of PB MSCs compared with BM MSCs. Results: Peripheral blood MSCs were successfully mobilized by the method of combined drug administration, then isolated, expanded, and identified in vitro. No significant difference was found concerning the morphology, immune phenotype, and antiapoptotic capacity between PB MSCs and BM MSCs. Significantly, MSCs from both sources compounded with decalcified bone matrix showed the same ability to repair cartilage defects in vivo. For multipluripotency, BM MSCs exhibited a more osteogenic potential and higher proliferation capacity than PB MSCs, whereas PB MSCs possessed a stronger adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation potential than BM MSCs in vitro. Conclusion: Although there are some differences in the proliferation and differentiation aspects between the 2 sources, PB MSCs share certain similar biological characteristics in vitro and chondrogenesis in vivo as BM MSCs. Clinical Relevance: These results suggest that PB MSCs are a new source of seed cells used in articular cartilage repair.