bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of dairy manure versus compost effects on short‐term nitrogen mineralization and microbial biomass in organic annual forage production system
Authors: Hurisso Tunsisa T. , Davis Jessica G. , Stonaker Frank H. , Goldhamer Daniel A. , Brummer Joe E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince the adoption of national rules for organic agriculture in the United States, there has been a continued interest in meeting crop nitrogen (N) needs using animal manure. However, a lack of consistent information on the N supplying potential of manure creates uncertainty for farmers and often leads to overapplication, which can negatively impact both crop productivity and environmental sustainability. We investigated short‐term N mineralization and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) following dairy manure (DM) and its compost (DMC) application to organic annual forage production system. N mineralization was determined based on the change in mineral N during a ≤75‐day in‐field soil core‐resin bag incubation. DM and DMC application rates were targeted to supply 123 and 56 kg potentially plant‐available nitrogen (PAN) ha−1 in the first and second year of application, respectively. Net N mineralization exhibited a range of 42–277 kg N ha−1 in Year 1 and 31–54 kg N ha−1 in Year 2 across amendment treatments and increased over the course of incubation duration in both years. The proportion of total N added that was mineralized in Year 1 was greater from DM than DMC (≤35% vs. ≤7%, respectively), suggesting the inability of DMC to supply optimal levels of N to annual forages in the first crop season. In Year 2, net N mineralization did not differ between DM and DMC, but was significantly less in the unamended control than both amendments. MBC and MBN were more influenced by seasonality and soil sampling depth than by organic amendments.
Organotin (IV) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, DFT, and molecular docking studies unveiling their potential biomedical uses
Authors: Mansour Mohamed S. , Ibrahium Abeer T. , El‐Sherif Ahmed A. , Mahmoud Walaa H. 
Published: August 2024

This study investigates organotin (IV) complexes derived from the recently synthesized quinazoline Schiff base ligand (L). The research involves synthesizing and characterizing these complexes, including elemental analysis, UV–visible, FT‐IR, mass spectra, and conductometric measurements. Advanced studies such as density functional theory (DFT) are employed to gain insights into the stable electronic configuration. Specifically, the study explores the proposed geometry, revealing a distorted octahedral structure for the complexes. The findings contribute as critical molecular characteristics of these newly synthesized complexes, paving the way for potential applications in diverse fields, including medicinal chemistry. Through an investigation into the antimicrobial properties, the efficacy of the synthesized compounds was assessed against a diverse range of bacterial and fungal strains. Remarkably, the complexes demonstrated significant antimicrobial activities, showing potential applications in combating various microbial infections. In an extended exploration of their medical utility, the compounds were examined for their antibiotic properties against Helicobacter pylori. The Schiff base and its metal complexes emerged as promising antibiotics with notable efficacy against H. pylori, suggesting their potential in addressing infections associated with this bacterium. Furthermore, the antitumor potential of the synthesized complexes was investigated, focusing on their impact on MCF‐7 (Breast carcinoma) cells. The organotin (IV) Schiff base complexes in this research showed remarkable efficacy, evidenced by their notably low IC50 values (9, 10, 11 μg/mL) in comparison with cisplatin. In addition to their potent antitumor effects, these complexes exhibited reduced cytotoxicity toward normal cells (VERO cells) compared with cisplatin. The investigation extends to molecular docking, where this approach aims to elucidate their interactions with specific protein structures, including (2JFZ, 1SC7, and 6W41). The primary objective is to clarify the potential properties of these compounds, focusing on their antibiotic efficacy, anti‐H. pylori activity, antitumor potential, and anti‐COVID‐19 properties.
Meso‐ and Microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks for Efficient Photo‐Oxidation of Benzylamine
Authors: Liu Lifei , Yang Xiaoqing , Li Pengfei , Zhang Luyuan , Luo Yali , Yan Meng , Deng Yang , An Xia , Zhang Jianling , Wu Xu 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe construction of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with desirable structures for high‐performance photocatalysis is attractive but remains challenging. Here, a hierarchically meso‐ and microporous scCu‐MOF‐74 was synthesized in supercritical CO2 (scCO2)/methanol solution. Compared with the conventional microporous Cu‐MOF‐74, the meso‐ and microporous scCu‐MOF‐74 has more exposed and accessible Lewis acid sites derived from the missing‐linker defects. The unique structure endows scCu‐MOF‐74 with superior molecular accessibility, enhanced separation, and transfer efficiency of photogenerated charges. High catalytic activity and reusability can be achieved in photo‐oxidative coupling of amines, reaching a maximum N‐benzylbenzaldimine yield rate of 4.80 mmol g−1 h−1 under mild conditions, that is, air atmosphere and room temperature. This study provides a new idea for improving the intrinsic photocatalytic activities of MOFs.
Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Zwitterionic Platinum Bis‐Phosphine Complexes Based on a Pendant Closo‐Monocarborane Cluster
Authors: Jin Li , Shen Yunjun , Qiu Hui , Zhang Yuzhen , Bian Hedong 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe synthesis, structures and photophysical properties of a series of zwitterionic platinum complexes are reported. These cyclometalated complexes have the general structure Pt(C^N)(P^P), where C^N is a cyclometalating ligand with a pendant monocarborane cluster and P^P is a bis‐phosphine ligand (dppe or dppb). Their solid‐state structures have been characterized by x‐ray diffraction, and no Pt–Pt interactions are observed. All complexes are emissive at room temperature in solid states with quantum yields of 0.06–0.58 in PMMA films. The emission energy of these complexes is governed by the nature of the C^N cyclometalated ligands, allowing the emission to be tuned from blue to green. In particular, the introduction of an anionic carborane unit provokes a more than twofold improvement in the photoluminescence quantum yield of [Pt(CB11‐ppy)(dppe)] (3b) compared to the parent cationic complex [Pt(ppy)(dppe)]+. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on the ground states and first triplet excited states of 1a, 2a, and 3a for interpretation of the observed photophysical properties.
The effect of vertical temperature gradient on the equivalent depth in thin atmospheric layers
Authors: De‐Leon Yair , Garfinkel Chaim I. , Paldor Nathan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe equivalent depth of an atmospheric layer is of importance in determining the phase speed of gravity waves and characterizing wave phenomena. The value of the equivalent depth can be obtained from the eigenvalues of the vertical structure equation (the vertical part of the primitive equations) where the mean temperature profile is a coefficient. Both numerical solutions of the vertical structure equation and analytical considerations are employed to calculate the equivalent depth, , as a function of the atmospheric layer's thickness, . Our solutions for layers of thickness 100 2000 m show that for baroclinic modes, can be over two orders of magnitudes smaller than . Analytic expressions are derived for in layers of uniform temperature and numerical solutions are derived for layers in which the temperature changes linearly with height. A comparison between the two cases shows that a slight temperature gradient (of say 0.65 K across a 100 m layer) decreases by a factor of 3 (but can reach a factor of 10 for larger gradients) compared with its value in a layer of uniform temperature, while a change of 10 K in the layer's uniform temperature hardly changes . The baroclinic mode exists in all combinations of boundary conditions top and bottom while the barotropic mode only exists when the vertical velocity vanishes at both boundaries of the layer.
Balancing Plk1 activity levels: The secret of synchrony between the cell and the centrosome cycle
Authors: Dwivedi Devashish , Meraldi Patrick 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe accuracy of cell division requires precise regulation of the cellular machinery governing DNA/genome duplication, ensuring its equal distribution among the daughter cells. The control of the centrosome cycle is crucial for the formation of a bipolar spindle, ensuring error‐free segregation of the genome. The cell and centrosome cycles operate in close synchrony along similar principles. Both require a single duplication round in every cell cycle, and both are controlled by the activity of key protein kinases. Nevertheless, our comprehension of the precise cellular mechanisms and critical regulators synchronizing these two cycles remains poorly defined. Here, we present our hypothesis that the spatiotemporal regulation of a dynamic equilibrium of mitotic kinases activities forms a molecular clock that governs the synchronous progression of both the cell and the centrosome cycles.
Direct 2,2,2‐Trifluoro and 2,2‐Difluoroethoxylation of a Model Macrocyclic Ar−H Substrate via Ni‐Catalysis
Authors: Capdevila Lorena , Derks Max T. G. M. , Montilla Marc , Luis Josep M. , Roithová Jana , Ribas Xavi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHerein, we describe the trifluoro‐ and difluoroethoxylation of C(sp2)‐H bonds using nickel(II) complexes incorporating a model macrocyclic arene substrate. Due to the coordinative properties of the macrocyclic substrate, we were able to detect and characterize the just‐formed C(sp2)−OCH2CF3−Ni(II) species by HRMS and IRPD. DFT studies on the C(sp2)−OCH2CF3 bond formation mechanism indicate that it involves a Ni(III)/Ni(I) reductive elimination followed by oxidation to Ni(II) rather than the higher energy barrier Ni(IV)/Ni(II) reductive elimination. This mechanistic investigation deepens the versatile redox abilities of Ni compounds and might help in designing new catalysts for the 2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxylation and 2,2‐difluoroethoxylation of arene C−H bonds.
Oncologists’ role in end‐of‐life chemotherapy and patient‐centered care
Authors: Manz Christopher , Wright Alexi A. 
Published: August 2024

George et al. show that patients have a 4‐ to 8‐fold variation in whether they receive systemic therapy at the end of life that is attributable to their oncologist. This editorial discusses how interventions around goals of care and nudging oncologists’ behavior may ensure care is centered around patient preferences.
Influence of structural racism on cancer health disparities: Tailoring measures relevant to multiple myeloma
Authors: Roland Hugh B. , McGuire Cydney M. , Baskin Monica L. , Esposito Michael H. , Baker Elizabeth , Brown Elizabeth E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis commentary highlights a need for comprehensive measures of structural racism tailored to cancer health disparities, in particular Black–White disparities in multiple myeloma (MM). Recent political and social calls and advances in the ability to quantitate structural racism have led to rapidly growing research on the health consequences of structural racism. However, to date, most studies have used unidimensional measures of structural racism that do not capture cumulative influences or enable the identification of factors most responsible for driving disparities. Furthermore, measures may not reflect aspects of structural racism most relevant to underlying disease processes and risks. This study proposes a multifaceted approach to measuring structural racism relevant to MM that includes comprehensive, disease‐ and at‐risk population‐tailored social and environmental data and biomarkers of susceptibility and progression related to underlying biological changes associated with structural racism. Such novel measures of structural racism may improve the ability to assess the influence of structural racism on cancer health disparities, which may advance understanding of disease etiology and differences observed by racialized groups.
Roncoroni Re‐Visited: The Neuronal Intranuclear Rodlet Comes of Age
Authors: Woulfe John , Munoz David 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTDespite myriad technological advances in neuroscience, the nervous system harbors morphological phenomena that continue to defy explanation. First described by the classical microscopists, including Santiago Ramon y Cajal, at the end of the 19th century, the neuronal intranuclear rodlet (INR) has mystified neurohistologists and microscopists for centuries. In this review article, we will provide an overview of the discovery of the INR as well as the subsequent attempts to elucidate its nature and functional significance. We outline our own studies of this structure over the past three decades, focusing on its elusive nature, its interactions with other nuclear organelles, and on disease‐related quantitative changes in Alzheimer's disease. We then describe our somewhat serendipitous discovery that these structures are filamentous aggregates of the nucleotide‐synthesizing metabolic enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. The filamentation of metabolic enzymes to form mesoscale cellular structures called “rods and rings” or “cytoophidia” (Greek for “cellular snakes”) is a recently described phenomenon that remains to be systematically investigated in the nervous system. Thus, this review provides an intriguing historical juxtaposition in neuroscience, inculcating the neuronal INR, once a mere morphological curiosity, into one of the most rapidly evolving fields in contemporary cell biology.
Unveiling Na‐ion storage mechanism and interface property of layered perovskite Bi2TiO4F2@rGO anode in ether‐based electrolyte
Authors: Yan Miao , Fang Qi , Ding Rui , Li Yi , Guo Jian , Xie Jinmei , Zhang Yuzhen , He Yuming , Yan Ziyang , Chen Zhiqiang , Sun Xiujuan , Liu Enhui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo unveil the charge storage mechanisms and interface properties of electrode materials is very challenging for Na‐ion storage. In this work, we report that the novel layered perovskite Bi2TiO4F2@reduced graphene oxides (BTOF@rGO) serves as a promising anode for Na‐ion storage in an ether‐based electrolyte, which exhibits much better electrochemical performance than in an ester‐based electrolyte. Interestingly, BTOF@rGO possesses a prominent specific capacity of 458.3–102 mAh g−1/0.02–1 A g−1 and a high initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) of 70.3%. Cross‐sectional morphology and depth profile surface chemistry indicate not only a denser reactive interfacial layer but also a superior solid electrolyte interface film containing a higher proportion of inorganic components, which accelerates Na+ migration and is an essential factor for the improvement of ICE and other electrochemical properties. Electrochemical tests and ex situ measurements demonstrate the triple hybridization Na‐ion storage mechanism of conversion, alloying, and intercalation for BTOF@rGO in the ether‐based electrolyte. Furthermore, the Na‐ion batteries assembled with the BTOF@rGO anode and the commercial Na3V2(PO4)2F3@C cathode exhibit remarkable energy densities and power densities. Overall, the work shows deep insights on developing advanced electrode materials for efficient Na‐ion storage.
Efficient and reliable methods for estimating the abundance of keystone coastal macrofauna over large spatial scales
Authors: Reamon Molly , Marcussen Johanna B. , Laugen Ane T. , Korslund Lars M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCoastal bivalves are important ecosystem engineers, and identifying critical habitats can enhance conservation outcomes for threated keystone species as well as determining hotspots for invasive species. As early action is more efficient in both conservation and mitigation of species invasions, efficient and reliable tools for mapping and monitoring species over large scales are essential. We assessed the reliability and efficiency of towed video and quadrat sampling for estimating the abundance of three keystone macrofaunal bivalve species. To assess reliability, we compared the measured density based on each of the two methods to the “true” density estimated by manually surveying an entire transect. We found that both the video and quadrat method caused underestimation of the density of bivalves, but that the amount of underestimation was comparable, and further that both methods took substantially less time than surveying an entire transect manually. The video method underestimated the abundance of Pacific oysters (Magallana gigas), European flat oysters (Ostrea edulis), and blue mussels (Mytilus spp.) by 23%, 24%, and 16%, respectively. The causes of underestimation for the two oyster species were bivalves grouped in clusters, large amounts of small individuals, and generally higher abundances. While Mytilus spp. were underestimated overall, here observer experience was important, with inexperienced observers overestimating and experienced observers underestimating. Our study found both methods to be reliable and efficient for estimating the abundance of three keystone macrofaunal species, suggesting their potential applicability to other sessile or slow‐moving species. We propose that these methods, due to their efficiency, can advance scientific knowledge and enhance conservation outcomes by establishing population baselines, assessing trends over time, and identifying and protecting critical habitats.
Population genetic structure in a self‐compatible hermaphroditic snail is driven by drift independently of its contemporary mating system
Authors: Çetin Cansu , Jokela Jukka , Feulner Philine G. D. , Schlegel Tamara , Tardent Nadine , Seppälä Otto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGenetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection commonly influence population genetic diversity. In populations of self‐compatible hermaphrodites, the mating system (e.g., self‐fertilization) further reduces individual heterozygosity. Furthermore, selfing, as a form of inbreeding, significantly impacts genetic drift by reducing effective population size (Ne). This can potentially accelerate genetic drift, particularly in small populations where self‐fertilization is likely during founder events. To investigate the roles of genetic drift and contemporary mating system in populations of the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis, we examined their effective population sizes (Ne) and Tajima's D values, which reflect genetic drift over extended time periods, as well as estimates of within‐population selfing rates and pairwise relatedness reflecting contemporary mating system. We used 4054 SNP markers obtained using restriction site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing from individuals in five snail populations originating from geographically closely located ponds. We found strong population genetic structure and differences in genetic diversity among populations. Covariation between genetic diversity and Ne estimates and Tajima's D values suggested drift being an important determinant of genetic diversity and structure in these populations. However, this effect was independent of the contemporary mating system, as indicated by the similarity of selfing rates and relatedness estimates among populations. Thus, founder events (possibly including historical inbreeding) and/or drift due to small sizes of L. stagnalis populations are likely to explain their genetic structure and limit within‐population genetic diversity.
Using convolutional neural networks to count parrot nest‐entrances on photographs from the largest known colony of Psittaciformes
Authors: Zanellato Gabriel L. , Pagnossin Gabriel A. , Failla Mauricio , Masello Juan F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCounting animal populations is fundamental to understand ecological processes. Counts make it possible to estimate the size of an animal population at specific points in time, which is essential information for understanding demographic change. However, in the case of large populations, counts are time‐consuming, particularly if carried out manually. Here, we took advantage of convolutional neural networks (CNN) to count the total number of nest‐entrances in 222 photographs covering the largest known Psittaciformes (Aves) colony in the world. We conducted our study at the largest Burrowing Parrot Cyanoliseus patagonus colony, located on a cliff facing the Atlantic Ocean in the vicinity of El Cóndor village, in north‐eastern Patagonia, Argentina. We also aimed to investigate the distribution of nest‐entrances along the cliff with the colony. For this, we used three CNN architectures, U‐Net, ResUnet, and DeepLabv3. The U‐Net architecture showed the best performance, counting a mean of 59,842 Burrowing Parrot nest‐entrances across the colony, with a mean absolute error of 2.7 nest‐entrances over the testing patches, measured as the difference between actual and predicted counts per patch. Compared to a previous study conducted at El Cóndor colony more than 20 years ago, the CNN architectures also detected noteworthy differences in the distribution of the nest‐entrances along the cliff. We show that the strong changes observed in the distribution of nest‐entrances are a measurable effect of a long record of human‐induced disturbance to the Burrowing Parrot colony at El Cóndor. Given the paramount importance of the Burrowing Parrot colony at El Cóndor, which concentrates 71% of the world's population of this species, we advocate that it is imperative to reduce such a degree of disturbance before the parrots reach the limit of their capacity of adaptation.
Using rice bran as a press aid during the cold‐pressing of sesame seeds improved the extraction yield and quality of the resultant oil
Authors: Fathollahy Isa , Ghaffari Behnam 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSimple, cost‐effective, and practical techniques can enhance the shelf life of cold‐pressed oils. This study evaluated sesame seed (SS) cold‐pressed oil with various percentages of rice bran (RB) as press aid, including 0% (control or TSSO), 1% (T1), 2.5% (T2.5), 5% (T5), 7.5% (T7.5), and 10% (T10) w/w. The results demonstrated that adding RB considerably boosted extraction yields (p < .05), with 5% RB constituting the ideal combination. Adding 7.5% and 10% RB to the SS reduced free fatty acid (FFA) levels compared to the control sample. The oxidative stability index (OSI) and peroxide value (PV), however, significantly increased at combination ratios ranging from 2.5% to 10% (p < .05). Rice bran oil (TRBO) had the greatest OSI of all the studied oils, with 18.99 h, while the extracted oils showed an increase in OSI as RB contents rose. Total phenolic compounds (TPC), tocopherols, γ‐oryzanol content, and total antioxidant activity (TAA) increased directly with the RB level. Despite the addition of RB altering the fatty acids concentration, linoleic and oleic acids continued to be the predominant fatty acids in TSSO, TRBO, and other extracted oil samples. Increasing the combination ratio increased the palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, and linolenic acid content and decreased the stearic and linoleic acid content. In summary, the study demonstrated that the simultaneous cold‐pressing of oil‐bearing seeds and agro‐industrial by‐products is a potentially advantageous technique to increase the extraction yield, qualitative attributes, and shelf life of the extracted oils without the addition of synthetic antioxidants.