bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensitization against medical hyaluronidase in patients with confirmed hypersensitivity against hymenoptera species and its clinical implications
Authors: Bertlich Mattis , Hartmann Daniela , Freytag Saskia , French Lars E , Oppel Eva 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Hyaluronidase is an ubiquitous enzyme, present, among others, in hymenoptera venom and in medical formulations. The latter include use as an emergency treatment or to correct undesired outcomes of medical and aesthetic procedures using hyaluronic acid fillers.

Objectives
By performing detailed allergy work-ups including skin-prick tests (SPTs) we investigated whether patients with a history of allergic reaction to hymenoptera venom are also sensitized to medical grade hyaluronidase.

Methods
Ninety patients with a history of type-1 reaction to hymenoptera venom with and without a history of previous specific venom immunotherapy were included in the study. All underwent SPTs for medical hyaluronidase. All patients also underwent serological analysis for Api m2, the only commercially available IgE test for a hymenoptera hyaluronidase.

Results
Of the 90 patients with previous type-1 reactions to hymenoptera venom hyaluronidase included in the study, 60 had undergone previous venom immunotherapy; 30 did not. The majority (73 of 90) were allergic to wasps, followed by honeybees (14 of 90) and three were allergic to both. Neither patients having undergone previous immunotherapy nor those allergic to bees showed positive SPTs to medical hyaluronidase. Of those with a wasp allergy and naïve to immunotherapy, over 20% (5 of 23) showed positive SPTs to medical hyaluronidase. Healthy controls (0 of 30) without previous allergic reactions to hymenoptera did not show positive SPTs to medical hyaluronidase.

Conclusions
Sensitization to hyaluronidase is most common in wasp-allergic patients who have not had previous specific immunotherapy. As allergic reactions to medical hyaluronidase are reported to be scarce, this group is probably at the highest risk to develop anaphylaxis to medical hyaluronidase. While all patients with untreated anaphylaxis to hymenoptera venom should consult an allergy specialist, it is particularly important that those with untreated wasp allergies seek specialist advice before treatment with medical hyaluronidase is initiated.
Role of senataxin in R-loop-mediated neurodegeneration
Authors: Kannan Annapoorna , Gangadharan Leela Shyni , Branzei Dana , Gangwani Laxman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Senataxin is an RNA:DNA helicase that plays an important role in the resolution of RNA:DNA hybrids (R-loops) formed during transcription. R-loops are involved in the regulation of biological processes such as immunoglobulin class switching, gene expression and DNA repair. Excessive accumulation of R-loops results in DNA damage and loss of genomic integrity. Senataxin is critical for maintaining optimal levels of R-loops to prevent DNA damage and acts as a genome guardian. Within the nucleus, senataxin interacts with various RNA processing factors and DNA damage response and repair proteins. Senataxin interactors include survival motor neuron and zinc finger protein 1, with whom it co-localizes in sub-nuclear bodies. Despite its ubiquitous expression, mutations in senataxin specifically affect neurons and result in distinct neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4 and ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2, which are attributed to the gain-of-function and the loss-of-function mutations in senataxin, respectively. In addition, low levels of senataxin (loss-of-function) in spinal muscular atrophy result in the accumulation of R-loops causing DNA damage and motor neuron degeneration. Senataxin may play multiple functions in diverse cellular processes; however, its emerging role in R-loop resolution and maintenance of genomic integrity is gaining attention in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we highlight the role of senataxin in R-loop resolution and its potential as a therapeutic target to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
How to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Istratoaie Sabina , Gargani Luna , Popescu Bogdan A , Thomas Liza , Voigt Jens-Uwe , Donal Erwan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a major healthcare problem that is raising in prevalence. There has been a shift in HpEF management towards early diagnosis and phenotype-specific targeted treatment. However, the diagnosis of HFpEF remains a challenge due to the lack of universal criteria and patient heterogeneity. This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the diagnostic workup of HFpEF, highlighting the role of echocardiography in HFpEF phenotyping.
Wide QRS tachycardia in a patient with atrial fibrillation: a case report and approach to diagnosis
Authors: Shaikh Mohammad , Golzarian Hafez , Hakim Fayaz A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Wide QRS complex (QRS) tachycardia in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter treated with antiarrhythmic drugs can occur for a variety of reasons and needs careful evaluation for appropriate management of the patient.

Case summary
We report a case of wide QRS complex tachycardia in a patient with AF treated with Flecainide who received multiple external cardioversion attempts for a presumed diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia. Intravenous Diltiazem and an oral beta-blocker led to the resolution of wide QRS complex tachycardia.

Discussion
Wide QRS tachycardia due to pro-arrhythmic effect or rate-dependency phenomenon of antiarrhythmic agents should be included in the differentials. In this brief report, we discuss the differential diagnosis and outline a practical approach for acute and long-term management of these patients.
Tudor Ghosts in Black Shirts: The British Union of Fascists, Nazi Germany and the Quest for Musical Greatness in Britain
Authors: Decker Philip 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The United Kingdom has for centuries suffered the reputation of an ‘unmusical nation’ that could not produce a great composer or compete with the rich musical cultures of Germany, Italy or Russia. In the 1930s, members of the British Union of Fascists (BUF) who worked in the musical professions began to challenge and reject this long-standing stereotype. These self-described Blackshirts hoped to achieve a ‘rebirth’ of British classical music under the leadership of Oswald Mosley and expel racially impure ‘alien’ performers from Britain’s houses of culture. As British fascists conceived and debated these plans, the example of Nazi Germany loomed large in their imaginations. BUF Blackshirts professed admiration for Joseph Goebbels’s campaigns against ‘degenerate’ music and imitated the Nazi Party’s völkisch criticisms of jazz, modern art and consumerism. Especially intriguing to Mosley’s followers was the Nazi cult of Richard Wagner, which offered a compelling illustration of how a hypothetical fascist Britain might revere a historical composer as an emblem of racial nationalism. The Third Reich’s glorification of Wagner prompted debate within the BUF about which figure, or figures, could fulfil such a role in Britain, with two schools of thought predominating: either the late Victorian generation of composers or the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Tudor masters. If Nazi cultural policy was a source of inspiration for British fascists, it was equally one of intimidation and self-doubt, reviving insecurities that the British people were a ‘musically inferior race’ unable to produce a composer rivalling Wagner’s genius.
Fried. Krupp’s ‘Chinese Trade’ prior to the First World War, 1895–1914
Authors: Skřivan Aleš , Skřivan Aleš 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The German arms company Fried. Krupp exported weapons and military material to China beginning in the early 1870s. It achieved marked success during the 1880s and 1890s. The Sino-Japanese War (1894/95) represented an important milestone for the company’s ‘Chinese trade’. Because the Chinese government had to pay war reparations to Japan, it did not have the funds for purchasing weapons. As a result, not even the posting of German advisors to China saw particularly positive results. Following the Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901), an embargo on the import of weapons to China was declared. After the embargo was revoked in 1903, the German manufacturer never again achieved the results it had attained in 1884 and 1894. The Germans were negatively affected by the rise of Japanese influence in China following Japan’s victory in its war with Russia. Additionally, some of China’s plans were not in line with Krupp’s capabilities. The Essen company’s managers, for example, considered entirely unrealistic China’s plan to form thirty-six new divisions equipped with modern weapons, which Krupp would supply, by funding the construction of a huge munitions factory in Central China. Although China remained a major purchaser primarily of Krupp’s guns until the First World War, it was no longer one of its main customers. The outbreak of the First World War marked an end to Krupp’s activities in China and the entire Far East.
Patterns of Multidimensional Social Exclusion Among Older Home Care Services Recipients
Authors: Ristolainen Hanna , Van Regenmortel Sofie , De Donder Liesbeth , Vercauteren Toon , Lehtiö Johanna , Tiilikainen Elisa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe guiding principle of current aging policies has been to promote older adults to live in their private homes, but little attention has been paid to social exclusion of older adults receiving home-based care. The aim of this study is to increase understanding on different patterns of multidimensional social exclusion among older adults receiving formal home care services, and through this to shed light on the possible challenges of current aging-in-place policies.MethodsThe survey data were collected in 2022 among older adults aged 65 to 102 years receiving home care services in Finland and merged with administrative data (n = 733). A latent class analysis was used to identify different types of social exclusion. Multinomial logistic regression modeling examined factors associated with different social exclusion types.ResultsFour social exclusion types were identified: (1) not excluded (16.9%), (2) homebound economically excluded (40.1%), (3) excluded from social relations (28.6%), and (4) multidimensionally excluded (14.3%). Poor self-rated health and poor functional ability significantly increase the risk of being multidimensionally excluded or homebound economically excluded. The group using home care and medical services the most are the most multidimensionally excluded. The group living in urban areas are more likely to be excluded from social relations.DiscussionDifferent types of social exclusion should be acknowledged when addressing social exclusion among home care clients. Enhanced measures should be developed to support older adults using home and healthcare services the most, as they are at high risk of severe exclusion.
Beyond Hypertension: Examining Variable Blood Pressure’s Role in Cognition and Brain Structure
Authors: Morrison Cassandra , Oliver Michael D , Kamal Farooq , Dadar Mahsa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Hypertension or high blood pressure (BP) is one of the 12 modifiable risk factors that contribute to 40% of dementia cases that could be delayed or prevented. Although hypertension is associated with cognitive decline and structural brain changes, less is known about the long-term association between variable BP and cognitive/brain changes. This study examined the relationship between variable BP and longitudinal cognitive, white matter hyperintensity (WMH), gray matter (GM), and white matter (WM) volume change over time and postmortem neuropathology.

Methods
A total of 4,606 participants (32,776 follow-ups) from RADC Research Resource Sharing Hub (RUSH) and 2,114 participants (9,827 follow-ups) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) were included. Participants were divided into 1 of 3 groups: normal, high, or variable BP. Linear-mixed models investigated the relationship between BP and cognition, brain structure, and neuropathology.

Results
Older adults with variable BP exhibited the highest rate of cognitive decline followed by high and then normal BP. Increased GM volume loss and WMH burden were also observed in variable compared to high and normal BP. In postmortem neuropathology, both variable and high BP had increased rates compared to normal BP. Results were consistent across the RUSH and ADNI participants, supporting the generalizability of the findings.

Discussion
Damages potentially associated with variable BP may reduce resilience to future dementia-related pathology and increased the risk of dementia more than that caused by high BP. Improved treatment and management of variable BP may help reduce cognitive decline in the older adult population.
Contestation from Below: Status and Revisionism in Hierarchy
Authors: Lin Alex Yu-Ting 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Existing scholarship suggests that rising powers can become revisionist powers when they are dissatisfied with their status. What causes such dissatisfaction? Conventional wisdom holds that rising powers become dissatisfied when established powers refuse to recognize them as equals. However, if status informs patterns of superiority and inferiority, then rising powers can also become dissatisfied when smaller states do not defer to them. In fact, I argue that there is a life cycle as to how status dissatisfaction develops: status disputes between rising powers and smaller states can be especially frequent early in the power transition, before status disputes between rising powers and established powers become more prevalent. Through text analysis of an original dataset of statements from China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1978 to 2018, supplemented by survey and archival evidence, I demonstrate that contestations from smaller states trigger the majority of China’s status grievances, and China-smaller states status disputes are especially prevalent early on. Thus, status-driven revisionism can emerge via bottom-up processes, and it can happen earlier than currently theorized. My analysis highlights the agency of smaller states in shaping power transitions and hierarchies, as well as how and when the US–China competition unfolds.
The appropriateness of empirical antibiotic therapy in the management of symptomatic urinary tract infection patients—a cross-sectional study in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Onyango Hellen A , Sloan Derek J , Keenan Katherine , Kesby Mike , Ngugi Caroline , Gitonga Humphrey , Hammond Robert 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
In low- and middle-income countries, symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) patients are often prescribed antibiotics without microbiological confirmation. UTIs caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria are increasingly common, and this heightens the risk of empirical treatment failure. This study evaluates the appropriateness of empirical antibiotic therapy to UTI patients in Nairobi County, Kenya.

Methods
A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Nairobi County, Kenya, amongst symptomatic adult and child patients. UTI was defined as a monoculture growth with colony counts of ≥104 cfu/mL. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Empirical therapy was considered appropriate if the pathogen isolated was susceptible to the prescribed antibiotic and inappropriate if the pathogen was resistant to the prescribed antibiotic.

Results
A total of 552 participants were enrolled with a median age of 29 years (interquartile range: 24–36). The majority were female, 398 (72%). Of the 552, 274 (50%) received empirical antibiotic therapy, and 95/274 (35%) were confirmed to have UTI by culture. The antibiotics most frequently prescribed were fluoroquinolones [ciprofloxacin in 80 (30%) and levofloxacin 43 (16%)], amoxicillin–clavulanic acid in 48 (18%) and nitrofurantoin in 32 (12%). Amongst the 95 patients with bacteriological confirmation of UTI, 50 (53%) received appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy, whilst for 38 (40%) participants, the therapy was inappropriate.

Conclusions
The complexity of appropriate empirical treatment for UTIs is compounded by high levels of resistance in UTI pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance strategies that could help in designing appropriate empirical regimens in resource constrained settings should be adopted for optimal empiric therapy.
First report of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Erinaceus europaeus and Hemiechinus auritus hedgehogs from recovery centers of Portugal
Authors: Gomes-Gonçalves Sara , Santos-Silva Sérgio , Cruz Andreia V S , Rodrigues Clarisse , Soeiro Vanessa , Barradas Patrícia , Mesquita João R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Enterocytozoon bieneusi microsporidia are emerging pathogens infecting a wide range of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, known to have zoonotic features since they infect both wild and domestic animals, and humans. Despite their significance, there is very limited epidemiological data on microsporidia in hedgehogs, especially European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) and long-eared hedgehogs (Hemiechinus auritus), the former known as synantropic hedgehogs, and the latter suited as pets. As such, the present study aimed to assess the presence of E. bieneusi in hedgehogs from Portugal. For this purpose, fecal samples from 110 hedgehogs of three species—E. europaeus (n = 106), H. auritus (n = 1), and Atelerix albiventris (n = 3)—were collected and tested for E. bieneusi by PCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer region and the flanking small and large subunits of the rRNA. We found an overall occurrence of 22.7% (25/110; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.28–31.70), with 22.6% (24/106; 95% [CI]: 15.08–31.79) in E. europaeus, 100% (1/1) in H. auritus, and 0% in A. albiventris. Interestingly, three novel genotypes were identified, all belonging to the potentially zoonotic Group 1. Our findings highlight the importance of hedgehogs as potential reservoirs for E. bieneusi and emphasize the need for further research to understand their role in transmission dynamics and assess the associated risks to public and veterinary health.
The JWST weather report from the nearest brown dwarfs I: multiperiod JWST NIRSpec + MIRI monitoring of the benchmark binary brown dwarf WISE 1049AB
Authors: Biller Beth A , Vos Johanna M , Zhou Yifan , McCarthy Allison M , Tan Xianyu , Crossfield Ian J M , Whiteford Niall , Suarez Genaro , Faherty Jacqueline , Manjavacas Elena , Chen Xueqing , Liu Pengyu , Sutlieff Ben J , Limbach Mary Anne , Molliere Paul , Dupuy Trent J , Oliveros-Gomez Natalia , Muirhead Philip S , Henning Thomas , Mace Gregory , Crouzet Nicolas , Karalidi Theodora , Morley Caroline V , Tremblin Pascal , Kataria Tiffany 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
We report results from 8 h of JWST/MIRI low resolution spectroscopic (LRS) monitoring directly followed by 7 h of JWST/NIRSpec prism spectroscopic monitoring of the benchmark binary brown dwarf WISE 1049AB, the closest, brightest brown dwarfs known. We find water, methane, and CO absorption features in both components, including the 3.3 μm methane absorption feature and a tentative detection of small grain ($\lt $ 1μm) silicate absorption at $\gt $8.5 μm in WISE 1049A. Both components vary significantly ($\gt 1~{{\rm per\ cent}}$), with WISE 1049B displaying larger variations than WISE 1049A. Using K-means clustering, we find three main transition points in wavelength for both components of the binary: (1) change in behaviour at $\sim$2.3 μm coincident with a CO absorption bandhead, (2) change in behaviour at 4.2 μm, close to the CO fundamental band at $\lambda \gt $ 4.4 µm, and (3) change in behaviour at 8.3–8.5 µm, potentially corresponding to silicate absorption. We interpret the light curves observed with both NIRSpec and MIRI as likely stemming from (1) a deep pressure level driving the double-peaked variability seen in WISE 1049B at wavelengths $\lt $2.3 and $\gt $8.5 µm, (2) an intermediate pressure level shaping the light-curve morphology between 2.3 and 4.2 µm, and (3) a higher altitude pressure level producing single-peaked and plateaued light-curve behaviour between 4.2 and 8.5 µm.
Properties of supernova remnants in SIGNALS galaxies – I. NGC 6822 and M33
Authors: Duarte Puertas Salvador , Drissen Laurent , Robert Carmelle , Rousseau-Nepton Laurie , Martin René Pierre , Amram Philippe , Martin Thomas 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a spatially resolved study of the kinematical properties of known supernova remnants (SNRs) in the nearest galaxies of the SIGNALS survey, namely NGC 6822 (one object) and M33 (163 objects), based on data obtained with the SITELLE imaging Fourier transform spectrometer at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope. The purpose of this paper is to provide a better scheme of identification for extragalactic SNRs and, in particular, to distinguish between H ii regions and SNRs. For that we have used diagrams which involve both the [S ii]/H$\alpha$ ratio and the velocity dispersion ($\sigma$). We also introduce a new parameter, $\xi = {[\rm S\, {\small II}] \over H\alpha } \times \sigma$, which enhances still the contrast between SNRs and the rest of the ionized gas. More than 90 per cent of the SNRs in our entire sample show an integrated [S ii]/H$\alpha$ ratio larger than the canonical value (0.4). 86 per cent of the SNRs present in our field show a significant velocity dispersion. The spectral resolution of our observations allows us to observe the complex velocity structure of some SNRs.
Hyponatraemia—treatment standard 2024
Authors: Spasovski Goce 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Hyponatraemia is the most common electrolyte disorder in hospital patients associated with increased morbidity, mortality, hospital stay and financial burden. The speed of a correction with 3% sodium chloride as a 100- to 150-ml intravenous bolus or continuous infusion depends on the severity and persistence of the symptoms and needs frequent biochemical monitoring. The rapid intermittent administration of hypertonic saline is preferred for treatment of symptomatic hyponatraemia. In asymptomatic mild hyponatraemia, an adequate solute intake with an initial fluid restriction (FR) of 500 ml/day adjusted according to the serum sodium (sNa) levels is preferred. Almost half of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) patients do not respond to FR as first-line therapy. At present, urea and tolvaptan are considered the most effective second-line therapies in SIADH. However, the evidence for guidance on the choice of second-line therapy of hypotonic hyponatraemia is lacking. Oral urea is considered to be a very effective and safe treatment. Mild and asymptomatic hyponatraemia is treated with adequate solute intake (salt and protein) and initial FR with adjustments based on sNa levels. Specific treatment with vaptans may be considered in either euvolaemic or hypervolaemic patients with high ADH activity. In order to ensure optimal patient outcome, close monitoring and readiness for administration of either hypotonic fluids or desmopressin may be crucial in the decision-making process for specific treatment and eventual overcorrection consequences. According to the guidelines, gradual correction and clinical evaluation is preferable over rapid normalization of sNa towards the laboratory reference ranges.