bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP)-g-poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-g-collagen Polymer for Tissue Engineering Scaffolds
Authors: Bhuiyan Didarul , Jablonsky Michael J. , Middleton John , Tannenbaum Rina 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBone grafts, commonly performed to augment bone regeneration from autologous or alleogeneic sources, carry an enormous cost, estimated at upwards of 21 billion dollars per year. Hydroxyapatite (HAP) bio-ceramic has been widely used in clinic as a bone graft substitute material due to its biocompatibility and the similarity of its structure and composition to bone mineral. However, its applications are limited due to its lack of strength and toughness. Researchers have attempted to overcome these issues by combining HAP bio-ceramics into resorbable polymers to improve their mechanical properties. However, poor bonding between the HAP and the polymer caused separation at the polymer-filler interface. To overcome this, short chains of polymers were grafted directly from the hydroxyl groups on the surface of nanocrystalline HAP. Collagens, being the most abundant proteins in the body, and having suitable properties such as biodegradability, bioabsorbability with low antigenicity, high affinity to water, and the ability to interact with cells through integrin recognition, makes them a very promising candidate for the modification of the polymer surface. In this study, a novel method of synthesizing nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP)-g-poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-g-collagen polymer was introduced. The synthesis process was carried out in several steps. First, poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymer was directly grafted onto the hydroxyl group of the surface of n-HAP particles by ring-opening polymerization, and subsequently coupled with succinic anhydride. In order to activate the co-polymer for collagen attachment, the carboxyl end group obtained from succinic anhydride was reacted with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) as the cross-linking agent. Finally, the activated co-polymer was attached to calf skin collagen type I, in hydrochloric acid/phosphate buffer solution and the precipitated co-polymer with attached collagen was isolated. The synthesis was monitored by 1H NMR and FTIR spectroscopies and the products after each step were characterized by thermal analysis (TGA and DSC). These composite materials will be tested as potential scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
Inducible nitric oxide releasing poly-(ethylene glycol)-fibrinogen adhesive hydrogels for tissue regeneration
Authors: Brunette Margaret , Holmes Hal , Lancina Michael G. , He Weilue , Lee Bruce P. , Frost Megan C. , Rajachar Rupak M. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTNitric oxide (NO) release can promote healthy tissue regeneration. A PEG-fibrinogen adhesive hydrogel that would allow for inducible NO release was created with mechanical properties that could be tailored to specific applications and tissue types. PEG (4-arm)-fibrinogen hydrogels of varying ratios were derivatized with S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D, L-penicillamine (SNAP)-thiolactone to create an active NO donor material. Controlled release from gels was established using light as the activating source, although temperature, pH, and external mechanical loading are also means to induce active NO release. Gels with varying ratios of fibrinogen to PEG were made, derivatized, and tested. Gels below a ratio of 1.5:1 (fibrinogen:PEG) did not gel, while at ratio of 1.5:1 gelation occurs and NO release can be induced. Interestingly, the release from 1.5:1 gels was significantly lower compared to 2:1 and 3:1 gel formulations. Rheometric data show that lower ratio gels are more elastic than viscous. Derivatized gels exhibited linear elastic moduli, behaving more like other more synthetic hydrogels. Swelling data indicates that as the ratio of fibrinogen to PEG increases the swelling ratio decreases, likely due to the hydrophobic nature of the NO donor. Cells remain viable on both derivatized and non-derivatized gels.
A Population Study of the Culicoides Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Urban, Rural, and Forested Sites in a Cerrado Area of Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Silva F S , Carvalho LPC 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Culicoides biting midges are medically important haematophagous flies that transmit diseases to animals and humans. This work deals with the basic ecology of Culicoides populations in northeastern Brazil. Adult biting midge populations in and around urban and rural communities were sampled monthly from September 2007 to October 2008 with light traps. In total, 10,803 Culicoides midges representing 17 species were collected. The most frequently collected species were Culicoides paucienfuscatus (83%), Culicoides leopoldoi (12%), Culicoides insignis (2%), and Culicoides paraensis (1%). Trap catches and species diversity were highest in chicken shelters at both urban and rural sites, followed by pigsties. The Culicoides fauna is composed chiefly of species broadly distributed in the Neotropics. Domestic animals are important factors for attracting and maintaining biting midge populations in peridomiciliary areas, especially C. paucienfuscatus. Further work is needed to better understand abiotic and biotic factors affecting Culicoides populations of northeastern Brazil.
A Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of the GenusDohrniphora(Diptera: Phoridae)
Authors: Hash John M , Brown Brian V , Smith Paul T , Kanao Taisuke 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe genus Dohrniphora Dahl 1898 (Diptera: Phoridae) is an extremely diverse assemblage of species that exhibit fascinating larval lifestyles, including, scavenging, fungivory, kleptoparasitism, predation, and parasitism. Moreover, some species are known to exhibit interesting associations with social insects. Here we report on the first in-depth molecular phylogenetic study of the genus Dohrniphora based on 2,327 bp of DNA sequence data from portions of the nuclear CAD (rudimentary) and mitochondrial ND1, CO1, and 16S rDNA genes. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian analysis each recovered Dohrniphora as a monophyletic group. Within Dohrniphora, the New World species were paraphyletic with respect to the Old World clade. We also provide evidence that members of the termite-parasitizing genus Dicranopteron Schmitz 1931 are simply highly specialized members of Dohrniphora and revive the species status of Dohrniphora obscuriventris Borgmeier 1925. Finally, biogeography and hind femoral morphology are examined in a phylogenetic context.
Sense Organs on the Antennal Flagellum of Leptoglossus zonatus (Heteroptera: Coreidae)
Authors: Gonzaga—Segura Jesús , Valdéz-Carrasco Jorge , Castrejón-Gómez Víctor R 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
For the first time, antennal sensorial organs of Leptoglossus zonatus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Coreidae) are described through scanning electron microscopy. The antennae are formed by a scape, pedicel, and a flagellum that is composed of two flagellomeres and is the main bearer of sensorial organs. Five types of sensory structures were identified: Trichoid sensilla, basiconic sensilla, coeloconic sensilla, campaniform sensilla, and placoid sensilla. Trichoid sensilla were divided into five subtypes. The large striated trichoid sensilla have almost straight longitudinally striated cuticles and were present throughout the antenna. Flattened trichoid sensilla were variable-sized curved hairs distributed from the base of the scape to the distal end of the first flagellomere. Small striated trichoid sensilla were found mainly on the antenna distal flagellomeres. Smooth trichoid sensilla were located at the distal end of the scape and along the entire length of the pedicel, and are the least abundant type on the antenna. Small smooth trichoid sensilla were found precisely on the joints between the pedicel and scape. Based on size and shape, the basiconic sensilla were also divided into five subtypes (Bs1, Bs2, Bs3, Bs4, and Bs5). These all are rod-shaped. Coeloconic sensilla were found exclusively on the second flagellomere of the flagellum. Just one campaniform sensilla on each antenna was located on the second flagellomere of the flagellum. Finally, a group of 10 oval placoid organs were found at the scape base, in proximity to the joint connecting the antenna to the insect's head.
Thelytokous Parthenogenesis in the Ant Strumigenys hexamera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Masuko Keiichi 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Strumigenys hexamera (Brown) is a terrestrial ant nesting exclusively in the soil and specialized in predation on diplurans and small-sized myriapods (symphyllans and centipedes). Its colony is monogynous and previous dissections of the queens had suggested that they were uninseminated, thus they could reproduce thelytokously. In the current study, first, the spermathecae of the queens (dealate gynes) from worker-containing colonies were examined histologically in details. All specimens examined had no spermatozoa in the spermatheca. Second, alate gynes were reared with workers in the laboratory and whether they lay eggs that produce female offspring was studied. In all of 10 culture replicates, new workers were produced from eggs those gynes had laid. No spermatozoa in their spermathecae and no ovary in the worker caste were confirmed histologically after rearing experiments. These results reveal that S. hexamera is thelytokous at least for a studied population in central Japan.
Seasonal Phenology of Pseudococcus maritimus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) and Pheromone-Baited Trap Survey of Four Important Mealybug Species in Three Wine Grape Growing Regions of Oregon
Authors: Walton V M , Dalton D T , Daane K M , Kaiser C , Hilton R J 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Grape mealybug, Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a pest of grape vines, Vitis vinifera (Vitales: Vitaceae) and a known vector of several strains of grapevine leafroll-associated virus. Seasonal increase and decline of Ps. maritimus populations on wine grapes is described in each of three important grape growing regions in Oregon using pheromonebaited traps and visual monitoring. Delta traps and genomic verification of collected sessile stages found that only Ps. maritimus is present in Oregon vineyards. Seasonal pheromone-baited trapping and visual surveys during 2010 and 2011 identified two population peaks for adult male flight and sessile developmental stages on vines in Southern Oregon and the Columbia Basin. Willamette Valley vineyards identified one peak male flight period using pheromone-baited traps but no sessile individuals were found in visual surveys. Seasonal developmental stages are described for Southern Oregon and the Columbia Basin. First instar stages generally were observed one month before peak male flight and were less abundant during peak flight. Adult females and late instar stages were found on vines at the peak of male flight. Pheromone monitoring identified the presence of mealybug populations in viticultural areas, even when intensive visual surveys were unable to do so.
Sensilla Density Corresponds to the Regions of the Horn Most Frequently Used During Combat in the Giant Rhinoceros Beetle Trypoxylus dichotomus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae)
Authors: McCullough Erin L , Zinna Robert A 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
In the Japanese horned beetle, Trypoxylus dichotomus (L.), males have a long forked head horn that they use in fights with other males over access to sap sites that attract females. Because of the high risk of injury from these contests, males should assess the fighting potential of their rivals before escalating to direct combat. Indeed, male rhinoceros beetles only escalate to intense fighting when matched with equal-sized rivals. Males often tap their opponents with their head horn before and during fights, so it is likely that beetles assess the size of their competitors via sensory input from their horns. Here, we used scanning electron microscopy to examine the density and distribution of sensory hairs along the length of the males’ horn. To assess the potential functional significance of variation in hair density, we combined our microscopy observations with a behavioral analysis of how males use their horns during fights. We found a strong correlation between the density of sensory hairs and the regions of the horns that were used most during combat. The distal tips of the horns had the highest hair density, and were also the region of the horn most frequently in contact with an opponent. Given the shaft and socket morphology of these hairs, which is the characteristic morphology of mechanoreceptors, we expect that they provide mechanosensory input. Thus, although beetle horns are often described as dedicated weapons, our results suggest that the head horns of T. dichotomus also play an important sensory role.
Description of Synergus castaneus n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Synergini) Associated with an Unknown Gall on Castanea spp.(Fagaceae) in China
Authors: Bernardo Umberto , Gebiola Marco , Xiao Zhishu , Zhu Chao-Dong , Pujade-Villar Juli , Viggiani Gennaro 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
A species of the tribe Synergini (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) was reared from a gall collected in China on Castanea mollissima Blume and Castanea seguinii Dode. The morphological features of this gall wasp indicate that it is an undescribed species belonging to the genus Synergus and is herein described as a new species, Synergus castaneus Pujade-Villar, Bernardo et Viggiani sp. nov. (Hymenoptera Cynipidae: Synergini). This is the first known instance of a species of Synergus emerging from Castanea galls (Fagaceae). Data on the diagnosis, distribution, and biology of the new species are given. Morphological features of this species are discussed and illustrated. No other known gall-inducing species emerged from the collected galls, whereas tens of specimens of parasitoids and adults of the inquiline micromoth Andrioplecta pulverula Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) did. 28S-D2 and COI sequences confirmed that S. castaneus is a distinct species belonging to the genus Synergus.
Waveform Library for Chinch Bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Blissidae) : Characterization of Electrical Penetration Graph Waveforms at Multiple Input Impedances
Authors: Backus Elaine A , Rangasamy Murugesan , Stamm Mitchell , McAuslane Heather J , Cherry Ron 
Published: July 2013

AbstractElectrical penetration graph (EPG) monitoring has been used extensively to elucidate mechanisms of resistance in plants to insect herbivores with piercing-sucking mouthparts. Characterization of waveforms produced by insects during stylet probing is essential to the application of this technology. In the studies described herein, a four-channel Backus and Bennett AC-DC monitor was used to characterize EPG waveforms produced by adults of two economically important chinch bug species: southern chinch bug, Blissus insuhris Barber, feeding on St. Augustinegrass, and western chinch bug, Blissus occiduus Barber, feeding on buffalograss. This is only the third time a heteropteran species has been recorded by using EPG; it is also the first recording of adult heteropterans, and the first of Blissidae. Probing of chinch bugs was recorded with either AC or DC applied voltage, no applied voltage, or voltage switched between AC and DC mid-recording, at input impedances ranging from 106 to 1010 Ω, plus 1013 Ω, to develop a waveform library. Waveforms exhibited by western and southern chinch bugs were similar, and both showed long periods of putative pathway and ingestion phases (typical of salivary sheath feeders) interspersed with shorter phases, termed transitional J wave and interruption. The J wave is suspected to be an Χ wave, that is, in EPG parlance, a stereotypical transition waveform that marks contact with a preferred ingestion tissue. The flexibility of using multiple input impedances with the AC-DC monitor was valuable for determining the electrical origin (resistance vs. electromotive force components) of the chinch bug waveforms. It was concluded that an input impedance of 107 Ω, with either DC or AC applied voltage, is optimal to detect all resistanceand electromotive force-component waveforms produced during chinch bug probing. Knowledge of electrical origins suggested hypothesized biological meanings of the waveforms, before time-intensive future correlation experiments by using histology, microscopy, and other techniques.
Biology and Host Specificity ofAnthonomus tenebrosus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae) : A Herbivore of Tropical Soda Apple
Authors: Diaz Rodrigo , Menocal Octavio , Montemayor Cecil , Overholt William A 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTropical soda apple (Solanum viarum Dunal) is a major exotic weed in pastures and conservation areas in subtropical regions. Anthonomus tenebrosus Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was found feeding on the flowers of tropical soda apple in southern Brazil and was considered a potential biological control agent. The objectives of this study were to examine the life history and host specificity of A. tenebrosus. The development from egg to adult was measured at eight constant temperatures in growth chambers. The presence of reproductive diapause was measured by using a two-way factorial design with three temperatures (20, 22.5, and 25°C) and two photoperiods (14:10 and 10:14 [L:D] h). Temperature influenced the developmental time from egg to adult of A. tenebrosus, which ranged from 49.6 d at 16°C to 13.6 d at 28°C. The longevity of males ranged from 64 to 190 d, whereas females lived from 44 to 204 d. When exposed to 10:14 (L:D) h and 20°C, 35% of females entered reproductive diapause. The fundamental host range of A. tenebrosus—based on several life-history aspects, including adult longevity, oogenesis, and oviposition—and immature development of A. tenebrosus were studied. Under no-choice conditions, ≈80% of adults survived for 30 d on several Solanum melongena L. varieties, Solanum capsicoides, S. viarum, and Solanum carolinense L. A. tenebrosus completed development from egg to adult on a number of S. melongena varieties, the native plant S. carolinense, and the exotic plants S. capsicoides All, S. viarum, and Solanum tampicense Dunal. Under paired-choice conditions, adult feeding occurred on all species, whereas oviposition occurred only on S. viarum, S. capsicoides, and S. carolinense. Because of the nontarget attack to S. melongena and a native plant, A. tenebrosus should not be considered for release as a biological control agent of tropical soda apple in the United States.
Application of Plastic Wrap to Improve Temperatures in Infants Born Less Than 30 Weeks Gestation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Smith Jacqueline , Usher Kim , Alcock Gary , Buettner Petra 
Published: July 2013

Purpose:The primary aim of the study was to evaluate whether the application of a plastic wrap immediately after birth is more effective than the standard care of temperature management for improving admission temperatures to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in infants <30 weeks gestation.Design:A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Infants in the intervention group were transferred to a prewarmed radiant heater immediately after birth and encased in NeoWrap from the neck down without being dried. The infant’s head was dried with a prewarmed towel and a hat added. The control group received usual care for the unit; the infant was transferred to the prewarmed radiant warmer and dried, and warm towels and a hat are then applied.Sample:A total of 92 infants were analyzed: 49 in the control group and 43 in the intervention group; 48 (52.2 percent) were <27 weeks gestation, and 44 (47.8 percent) were <30 weeks gestation. The infants’ temperatures were assessed for two hours following admission.Main Outcome Variable:The application of a plastic wrap and hat significantly increased NICU admission temperature in infants <30 weeks gestation.Results:Of the 92 infants, 43 (51.2 percent <27 weeks and 48.8 percent <30 weeks) were randomized to the experimental group and 49 (53.1 percent <27 weeks and 46.9 percent <30 weeks) to the control group. The mean first temperature was 36.15°C (SD= 0.85) for intervention and 35.81°C (SD= 0.91) for control infants (p=.074); whereas the respective admission temperatures were 36.26°C (SD= 0.68;n= 42) and 35.79°C (SD= 0.77;n= 44;p=.004). The mean temperature of the infants rose steadily from the time of birth to two hours follow-up in both the intervention (36.15°–37.03°C;SD= 0.49;n= 40) and control groups (35.81°–36.75°C;SD= 0.70;n= 47;p<.001, respectively).
Impaired Renal Function Further Increases Odds of 6-Year Coronary Artery Calcification Progression in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Maahs David M. , Jalal Diana , Chonchol Michel , Johnson Richard J. , Rewers Marian , Snell-Bergeon Janet K. 
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) independently predict coronary artery calcification (CAC) progression, and to determine how eGFR changes over 6 years in adults with type 1 diabetes compared with nondiabetic adults.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 1 Diabetes study participants (n = 1,066) with complete data for eGFR assessment at baseline and 6 years were included. Three Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations (serum creatinine, cystatin C, and both) were used to estimate eGFR. The association of baseline ACR and eGFR with CAC progression was analyzed using multiple logistic regression.

RESULTS
Increasing categorical baseline ACR (&lt;10, 10–30, and &gt;30 µg/mg) predicted CAC progression in participants with type 1 diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 2.15; 95% CI, 1.50–3.09; 7.19 [3.90–13.26]; and 18.09 [8.48–38.62]), respectively, compared with nondiabetic subjects. Baseline eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 also predicted CAC progression (OR, 5–7, compared with nondiabetic participants). ORs for CAC progression were higher in women than in men when using the cystatin C–based Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equations. Participants with type 1 diabetes had greater eGFR decreases over 6 years than nondiabetic participants using cystatin C–based equations.

CONCLUSIONS
Although increasing ACR or decreasing eGFR predicts CAC progression, coronary atherosclerosis progresses faster in people with type 1 diabetes even in the absence of diabetic kidney disease. These findings emphasize the interaction between kidney disease and cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes and highlight the public health importance of lowering cardiorenal risk in people with type 1 diabetes.