bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic tumour volume and total lesion glycolysis, measured using preoperative 18F–FDG PET/CT, predict the recurrence of endometrial cancer
Authors: Shim S‐H , Kim D‐Y , Lee D‐Y , Lee S‐W , Park J‐Y , Lee JJ , Kim J‐H , Kim Y‐M , Kim Y‐T , Nam J‐H 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the prognostic value of metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG), measured by preoperative positron emission tomography and computerised tomography (PET/CT), in women with endometrial cancer.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingA tertiary referral centre.PopulationWomen with endometrial cancer who underwent preoperative 18F‐FDG PET/CT in the period 2004–2009.MethodsClinicopathological data for 84 women with endometrial cancer were reviewed from medical records. Cox proportional hazards modelling identified recurrence predictors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cut‐off value for predicting recurrence.Main outcome measureDisease‐free survival (DFS).ResultsThe number of patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages were: I (58); II (11); III (13); and IV (2). The median DFS was 48 (1–85) months. By univariate analysis, DFS was significantly associated with FIGO stage, histology, peritoneal cytology, myometrial invasion, nodal metastasis, serum CA‐125, MTV, and TLG. Using multivariate analysis, the MTV (P = 0.010; hazard ratio, HR = 1.010; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI = 1.002–1.018) and TLG (P = 0.024; HR = 1.001; 95% CI = 1.000–1.002) were associated with DFS. The area under the ROC curve was 0.679 (95% CI = 0.505–0.836) after discriminating for recurrence using an MTV cut‐off value of 17.15 ml. Regarding TLG, the cut‐off value was 56.43 g and the area under the ROC plot was 0.661 (95% CI = 0.501–0.827). Kaplan–Meier survival graphs demonstrated a significant difference in DFS between groups categorised using the cut‐off values for MTV and TLG (P < 0.022 for MTV and P < 0.047 for TLG, by log‐rank test).ConclusionsPreoperative MTV and TLG could be independent prognostic factors predicting the recurrence of endometrial cancer.
Striated muscle fiber size, composition, and capillary density in diabetes in relation to neuropathy and muscle strength 糖尿病患者的横纹肌纤维尺寸、成份以及毛细血管密度与神经病变以及肌肉强度相关
Authors: Andreassen Christer Swan , Jensen Jacob Malte , Jakobsen Johannes , Ulhøj Benedicte Parm , Andersen Henning 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveDiabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) leads to progressive loss of muscle strength in the lower extremities due to muscular atrophy. Changes in vascularization occur in diabetic striated muscle; however, the relationship between these changes and DPN is as yet unexplored. The aim of the present study was to evaluate histologic properties and capillarization of diabetic skeletal muscle in relation to DPN and muscle strength.MethodsTwenty type 1 and 20 type 2 diabetic (T1D and T2D, respectively) patients underwent biopsy of the gastrocnemic muscle, isokinetic dynamometry at the ankle, electrophysiological studies, clinical examination, and quantitative sensory examinations. Muscle biopsies were stained immunohistochemically and muscle fiber diameter, fiber type distribution, and capillary density determined. Twenty control subjects were also included in the study.ResultsNo relationship was found between muscle fiber diameter, muscle fiber type distribution, or capillary density and degree of neuropathy or muscle strength for either patient group. Muscle fiber diameter and the proportion of Type II fibers were greater for T1D patients than both T2D patients and controls. The T2D patients had fewer capillaries per muscle fiber than T1D patients and controls.ConclusionsStriated muscle fiber size, muscle fiber distribution, and vascularization are unrelated to DPN and muscle strength in diabetes.
Sensitization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Apo2L/TRAIL by a Novel Akt/NF‐κB Signalling Inhibitor
Authors: Omar Hany A. , Arafa El‐Shaimaa A. , Maghrabi Ibrahim A. , Weng Jing‐Ru 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells are intrinsically resistant to tumour necrosis factor‐related apoptosis ligand (Apo2L/TRAIL), in part, due to the compensatory activation of nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB). To broaden the clinical utilization of Apo2L/TRAIL in HCC, OSU‐A9, a potent indole‐3‐carbinol‐derived Akt/NF‐κB signalling inhibitor was used to overcome the intrinsic resistance. The antitumour effects of OSU‐A9, Apo2L/TRAIL and the therapeutic combination were assessed by MTT assay, caspase activation and PARP cleavage, and the synergistic interactions were determined by Calcusyn analysis. NF‐κB reporter gene and RT‐PCR were tested for the activation of NF‐κB and the expression of death receptors (DR)4 and 5. OSU‐A9 could sensitize HCC cells to Apo2L/TRAIL with high potency through down‐regulation of Akt/NF‐κB signalling. OSU‐A9 dose‐dependently reduced Akt phosphorylation and the expression and nuclear localization of RelA/p65, accompanied by parallel decreases in the expression of NF‐κB target products, including Bcl‐xL, Mcl‐1, cIAP1, cIAP2 and survivin. Moreover, OSU‐A9 increased DR5 expression through a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐dependent mechanism. Concertedly, these mechanisms underlie the synergistic interaction between OSU‐A9 and Apo2L/TRAIL in mediating apoptotic death in HCC cells. The ability of OSU‐A9 to accentuate Apo2L/TRAIL‐induced apoptosis by inactivating Akt/NF‐κB signalling might foster a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC.
Globalized Labour Markets? International Rent Sharing Across 47 Countries
Authors: Martins Pedro S. , Yang Yong 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe present evidence about the role of rent sharing in fostering the interdependence of labour markets around the world. Our results draw on a firm‐level panel of more than 2,000 multinationals and over 5,000 of their affiliates, covering 47 home and host countries. We find considerable evidence that multinationals share profits internationally by paying higher wages to their workers in foreign affiliates in periods of higher headquarter profits. This occurs even across continents, and not only within Europe, as shown in earlier research. The results are robust to different tests, including a falsification exercise based on ‘matched’ parents. Finally, we show that rent sharing is higher when the affiliate is located in countries with specific relative characteristics, such as lower economic development or taxation, while it falls with the number of affiliates. We argue that these results are consistent with transfer pricing and bargaining views.
Optimism and Challenge for Science‐Based Conservation of Migratory Species in and out of U.S. National Parks
Authors: BERGER JOEL , CAIN STEVEN L. , CHENG ELLEN , DRATCH PETER , ELLISON KEVIN , FRANCIS JOHN , FROST HERBERT C. , GENDE SCOTT , GROVES CRAIG , KARESH WILLIAM A. , LESLIE ELAINE , MACHLIS GARY , MEDELLIN RODRIGO A. , NOSS REED F. , REDFORD KENT H. , SOUKUP MICHAEL , WILCOVE DAVID , ZACK STEVE 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPublic agencies sometimes seek outside guidance when capacity to achieve their mission is limited. Through a cooperative agreement and collaborations with the U.S. National Park Service (NPS), we developed recommendations for a conservation program for migratory species. Although NPS manages ∼36 million hectares of land and water in 401 units, there is no centralized program to conserve wild animals reliant on NPS units that also migrate hundreds to thousands of kilometers beyond parks. Migrations are imperiled by habitat destruction, unsustainable harvest, climate change, and other impediments. A successful program to counter these challenges requires public support, national and international outreach, and flourishing migrant populations. We recommended two initial steps. First, in the short term, launch or build on a suite of projects for high‐profile migratory species that can serve as proof to demonstrate the centrality of NPS units to conservation at different scales. Second, over the longer term, build new capacity to conserve migratory species. Capacity building will entail increasing the limited knowledge among park staff about how and where species or populations migrate, conditions that enable migration, and identifying species’ needs and resolving them both within and beyond parks. Building capacity will also require ensuring that park superintendents and staff at all levels support conservation beyond statutory borders. Until additional diverse stakeholders and a broader American public realize what can be lost and do more to protect it and engage more with land management agencies to implement actions that facilitate conservation, long distance migrations are increasingly likely to become phenomena of the past.Optimismo y Retos para la Conservación Científicamente Basada de Especies Migratorias Dentro y Fuera de Parques Nacionales de E.U.A.
Mating disruption of pea moth (Cydia nigricana) in organic peas (Pisum sativum)
Authors: Saucke H. , Balasus A. , Finckh M.R. , Formowitz B. , Schmidt R. , Kratt A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe appraised mating disruption (MD) to control pea moth, Cydia nigricana (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), by assessing male attraction to monitor traps, larval pod infestation, and larval age structure in pheromone‐treated and untreated grain pea fields [Pisum sativum L. (Fabaceae)], over a 5‐year period. Cellulose pheromone dispensers were manually attached to the top shoots of pea plants and released 540 mg ha−1 day−1 synthetic pheromone E8,E10‐dodecadien‐1‐yl acetate in a first test series (2000–2001) and ca. 4 200 mg pheromone ha−1 day−1 in a second series (2004–2006). The dispensers had a half‐life of about 30 days. Although male attraction to pheromone monitoring traps was largely suppressed at the edges and within MD fields in both test series, MD treatments did not reduce pod infestation in the open field in 2000 and 2001. In the 2004–2006 series, larval damage reduction was achieved in the majority of the trials but overall MD efficacy in the open field was only 61% and not significant. In contrast, in field cages placed within the experimental sites and supplied with unmated pea moths, MD control was consistently high and significant. There were no obvious differences in the larval age distribution in all MD and control treatments, suggesting that infestations started and developed further similarly. As a univoltine species, C. nigricana larvae stay in the soil of pea fields for hibernation and pupate. The following year, emerging adults disperse and fly to the closest pea crop. Combined emergence site and pea crop treatments were conducted over 2 years to include this early migration phase of C. nigricana adults. However, the emergence site treatments did not enhance MD‐control efficacy. We conclude that mating activity was only prevented in cage tests, whereas substantial mating occurred during the transit phase outside the pheromone‐treated fields either within non‐crop vegetation and/or at the edges of pheromone‐treated pea fields orientated upwind. Thus, resulting gravid female entry can be regarded as the major constraint to reliable MD control.
A bi‐objective approach to reschedule new jobs in a one machine model
Authors: Teghem Jacques , Tuyttens Daniel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe consider a one machine scheduling model, minimizing a classical objective function—either the total completion time or the maximum tardiness—and with two sets of jobs: one with initial jobs already scheduled and one with new jobs that must be inserted in the schedule. As such rescheduling can create a modification of the schedule of the initial jobs, a disruption objective is considered in addition to the original objective. This additional objective can be formulated in four different ways. Such model has been introduced by Hall and Potts, minimizing either a linear aggregation of the two objectives or the initial objective under a constraint giving an upper limit of the disruption objective. In this paper, the aim is to obtain the set of efficient schedules in regard to the two objectives. Algorithms are provided for the eight possible bi‐objective problems and illustrated by some didactic examples.
A joint analysis to identify loci underlying variation in nematode resistance in three European sheep populations
Authors: Riggio V. , Pong‐Wong R. , Sallé G. , Usai M.G. , Casu S. , Moreno C.R. , Matika O. , Bishop S.C. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryGastrointestinal nematode infections are one of the main health/economic issues in sheep industries, worldwide. Indicator traits for resistance such as faecal egg count (FEC) are commonly used in genomic studies; however, published results are inconsistent among breeds. Meta (or joint)‐analysis is a tool for aggregating information from multiple independent studies. The aim of this study was to identify loci underlying variation in FEC, as an indicator of nematode resistance, in a joint analysis using data from three populations (Scottish Blackface, Sarda × Lacaune and Martinik Black‐Belly × Romane), genotyped with the ovine 50k SNP chip. The trait analysed was the average animal effect for Strongyles and Nematodirus FEC data. Analyses were performed with regional heritability mapping (RHM), fitting polygenic effects with either the whole genomic relationship matrix or matrices excluding the chromosome being interrogated. Across‐population genomic covariances were set to zero. After quality control, 4123 animals and 38 991 SNPs were available for the analysis. RHM identified genome‐wide significant regions on OAR4, 12, 14, 19 and 20, with the latter being the most significant. The OAR20 region is close to the major histocompatibility complex, which has often been proposed as a functional candidate for nematode resistance. This region was significant only in the Sarda × Lacaune population. Several other regions, on OAR1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 19, 20 and 24, were significant at the suggestive level.
Association of a specific major histocompatibility complex class IIβ single nucleotide polymorphism with resistance to lactococcosis in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)
Authors: Colussi S , Prearo M , Bertuzzi S A , Scanzio T , Peletto S , Favaro L , Modesto P , Maniaci M G , Ru G , Desiato R , Acutis P L 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci encode glycoproteins that bind to foreign peptides and initiate immune responses through their interaction with T cells. MHC class II molecules are heterodimers consisting of α and β chains encoded by extremely variable genes; variation in exon 2 is responsible for the majority of observed polymorphisms, mostly concentrated in the codons specifying the peptide‐binding region. Lactococcus garvieae is the causative agent of lactococcosis, a warm‐water bacterial infection pathogenic for cultured freshwater and marine fish. It causes considerable economic losses, limiting the profitability and development of fish industries in general and the intensive production of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), in particular. The disease is currently controlled with vaccines and antibiotics; however, vaccines have short‐term efficacy, and increasing concerns regarding antibiotic residues have called for alternative strategies. To explore the involvement of the MHC class II β‐1 domain as a candidate gene for resistance to lactococcosis, we exposed 400 rainbow trout to naturally contaminated water. One single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and one haplotype were associated with resistance (P < 0.01). These results are promising for using MHC class IIβ as a molecular marker in breeding rainbow trout resistant to lactococcosis.
Are opioid antagonists effective in reducing self‐injury in adults with intellectual disability? A systematic review
Authors: Roy A. , Roy M. , Deb S. , Unwin G. , Roy A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐injury in people with intellectual disability (ID) may be due to variety of factors both environmental and biological. As the drive in UK is to manage people with ID and problem behaviours in the community, it is important to critically examine all treatment options available. As abnormalities in the endogenous opioid system may be a factor in some people with ID, we undertook a systematic review to evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of opioid antagonists.MethodsFour electronic databases were searched for relevant journal articles. In addition, cross‐referencing of pertinent reviews and a hand search for articles in major international ID journals between the years 2010 and 2012 was carried out to ensure that all relevant articles were identified. We also searched databases for unpublished clinical trials to overcome publication bias. Each database was searched up to present (February 2013) with no restrictions on the date of publication. The search terms consisted of broad expressions used to describe ID and autistic spectrum disorder as well as terms relating to opioid antagonists and specific drugs. All studies identified by the electronic database search and hand search were examined on the basis of title alone for relevance and duplication. The abstracts of the remaining papers were then scrutinised against the inclusion criteria. Where abstracts failed to provide adequate information, the full texts for these papers were obtained. All the full texts were then evaluated against the inclusion proforma. Two reviewers carried out all the stages of the process independently. The reviewers met to discuss their selections and where disagreements arose, these were settled by discussion with a member of the study group. Data from each study meeting the inclusion criteria was extracted on a pre‐piloted data extraction form. The quality of each study was further assessed using the Jadad scale, a tool developed to assess the quality of randomised controlled trials.ResultsOut of 10 randomised control trials eight reported a reduction in the frequency of self‐injurious behaviour. This meant that 62 participants out of 124 (50%) showed an improvement of which 61 were statistically significant. Forty‐nine participants had autism. Eleven (9%) had minor side‐effects. The improvement was more marked in people with severe and profound ID and was not affected by the coexistence of autism.ConclusionsThis review suggests that some people respond to opioid antagonists with a reduction in self‐injury but the trials do not predict who they may be. Future research may identify this sub‐group when opioid antagonists may prove to be a useful addition in the pharmacotherapy of self‐injury.
ESTIMATING THE RIVALNESS OF STATE‐LEVEL INWARD FDI
Authors: Brülhart Marius , Schmidheiny Kurt 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTWe develop a method for estimating the rivalness of tax bases using the structures of the conditional logit, Poisson, and nested logit models. As an illustration, we apply this method to estimate the effect of state‐level capital taxation on U.S. inward foreign direct investment (FDI). The assumption of perfect nonrivalness can in some cases be rejected, but the assumption of perfect rivalness cannot. Competition over FDI across U.S. states could well be a zero‐sum game.
Medication errors in hospitalised children
Authors: Manias Elizabeth , Kinney Sharon , Cranswick Noel , Williams Allison 
Published: January 2014

AimThis study aims to explore the characteristics of reported medication errors occurring among children in an Australian children's hospital, and to examine the types, causes and contributing factors of medication errors.MethodsA retrospective clinical audit was undertaken of medication errors reported to an online incident facility at an Australian children's hospital over a 4‐year period.ResultsA total of 2753 medication errors were reported over the 4‐year period, with an overall medication error rate of 0.31% per combined admission and presentation, or 6.58 medication errors per 1000 bed days. The two most common severity outcomes were: the medication error occurred before it reached the child (n = 749, 27.2%); and the medication error reached the child who required monitoring to confirm that it resulted in no harm (n = 1519, 55.2%). Common types of medication errors included overdose (n = 579, 21.0%) and dose omission (n = 341, 12.4%). The most common cause relating to communication involved misreading or not reading medication orders (n = 804, 29.2%). Key contributing factors involved communication relating to children's transfer across different clinical settings (n = 929, 33.7%) and the lack of following policies and procedures (n = 617, 22.4%). More than half of the reports (72.5%) were made by nurses.ConclusionFuture research should focus on implementing and evaluating strategies aimed at reducing medication errors relating to analgesics, anti‐infectives, cardiovascular agents, fluids and electrolytes and anticlotting agents, as they are consistently represented in the types of medication errors that occur. Greater attention needs to be placed on supporting health professionals in managing these medications.
New material of Natchitochia jonesi and a comparison of the innominata and locomotor capabilities of Protocetidae
Authors: Uhen Mark D. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNew material of Natchitochia from the Bartonian Archusa Marl Member is described here, including thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and caudal vertebrae, an innominate, proximal femur, and pedal? phalanx. The vertebrae and innominate are similar to those of Qaisracetus and Georgiacetus. The structure of the caudal vertebrae support previous observations that as sacral vertebrae disconnect from the sacrum, they become caudalized, developing hemal processes on the posteroventral margins of the bodies, reminiscent of chevron bones associated with true caudal vertebrae. The innominate of Natchitochia shares an elongate ilium and pubis with Qaisracetus and Georgiacetus, which differ from the innominata of the more apomorphic archaeocetes. Comparison of archaeocete innominata and sacra in a phylogenetic context indicates that the apomorphic sacrum composed of 4 vertebrae (Pakicetus, Ambulocetus, Rodhocetus, Maiacetus) was reduced to 3 (Qaisracetus) to 2 (Protocetus?, Natchitochia) to 0 (Georgiacetus, Basilosauridae), while the innominata remained robust, supporting a large hind limb until the origin of the Basilosauridae. In Georgiacetus, the innominate is large but detached from the vertebral column, preventing the use of the hind limb in terrestrial locomotion. More crownward cetaceans for which the innominate is known display greatly reduced innominata and hind limbs are disconnected from the vertebral column.
Metalworking atHazor: A Long‐Term Perspective
Authors: Yahalom‐Mack Naama , Gadot Yuval , Eliyahu‐Behar Adi , Bechar Shlomit , Shilstein Sana , Finkelstein Israel 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThe temporal and spatial distribution of metal production remains fromHazor was used in this study to sketch the development of metalworking (bronze, iron and silver) at this important site. The remains attest to a long sequence of metalworking atHazor, from theMiddleBronzeAge through to theIronAge, and significantly highlight the transition from bronze to iron production and the mode of bronze production after the transition had been completed.