bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring nuclear pore complex structure and function in molecular detail
Authors: Panté Nelly , Aebi Ueli 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Bidirectional molecular trafficking between the nucleus and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells occurs through the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), ∼120 megadalton supramolecular assemblies embedded in the double-membraned nuclear envelope. Significant progress has been made in elucidating the three-dimensional (3-D) architecture of the NPC, and in identifying, characterizing, and cloning and sequencing NPC proteins. Several of these have now been localized within the 3-D structure of the NPC. Nevertheless, there still remain major questions relating to the conformation, molecular composition and functional roles of distinct NPC components. Here we review recent structural studies from our group and others which have contributed toward dissecting the molecular architecture of the NPC. We also present our results on the molecular characterization of some NPC components, and on the elucidation of their functional roles in mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport.
Rapid Rise in Hypertension and Nephropathy in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors:   TODAY Study Group
Published: May 2013

OBJECTIVE
Among adolescents with type 2 diabetes, there is limited information regarding incidence and progression of hypertension and microalbuminuria. Hypertension and microalbuminuria assessments made during the TODAY clinical trial were analyzed for effect of treatment, glycemic control, sex, and race/ethnicity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A cohort of 699 adolescents, 10–17 years of age, &lt;2 years duration of type 2 diabetes, BMI ≥85%, HbA1c ≤8% on metformin therapy, controlled blood pressure (BP), and calculated creatinine clearance &gt;70 mL/min, were randomized to metformin, metformin plus rosiglitazone, or metformin plus intensive lifestyle intervention. Primary study outcome was loss of glycemic control for 6 months or sustained metabolic decompensation requiring insulin. Hypertension and microalbuminuria were managed aggressively with standardized therapy to maintain BP &lt;130/80 or &lt;95th percentile for age, sex, and height and microalbuminuria &lt;30 μg/mg.

RESULTS
In this cohort, 319 (45.6%) reached primary study outcome, and 11.6% were hypertensive at baseline and 33.8% by end of study (average follow-up 3.9 years). Male sex and higher BMI significantly increased the risk for hypertension. Microalbuminuria was found in 6.3% at baseline and rose to 16.6% by end of study. Diagnosis of microalbuminuria was not significantly different between treatment arms, sex, or race/ethnicity, but higher levels of HbA1c were significantly related to risk of developing microalbuminuria.

CONCLUSIONS
Prevalence of hypertension and microalbuminuria increased over time among adolescents with type 2 diabetes regardless of diabetes treatment. The greatest risk for hypertension was male sex and higher BMI. The risk for microalbuminuria was more closely related to glycemic control.
Glad Passivity: Mary Penry of Lititz and the Making of Moravian Women
Authors: Gordon Scott Paul 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
Mary Penry was a diarist, accountant, and guide for Lititz's single sisters' house. Penry also left a vast correspondence, an “epistolary ministry” that emerged (like the activities of prominent Moravian women) from a confidence that grace regularly prompted her actions. Because recent writing on the dismantling of Moravian women's authority focuses on Zinzendorf and the church organization he instituted, it sees no source to sustain women's authority after his death. But this authority was imaginable in the first place only because the language of grace, of “power through passivity,” emboldened Moravian women to embrace a vision of themselves as active agents rather than the domesticated subjects their culture asked that they be. Mary Penry's letters record her efforts to eliminate self so that she could receive grace—and her confidence that, having received it, her actions were simultaneously “hers” and “another's.” Penry could assume authority, paradoxically, only by believing that it really was not “her” authority at all.
Clinical manifestations of Xq28 functional disomy involving MECP2 in one female and two male patients
Authors: Shimada Shino , Okamoto Nobuhiko , Hirasawa Kyoko , Yoshii Keisuke , Tani Yumi , Sugawara Midori , Shimojima Keiko , Osawa Makiko , Yamamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSubtelomeric imbalances are a frequent cause of cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with unexplained intellectual disability. Functional disomy of Xq28 involving the methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 gene (MECP2) has been observed mostly in subtelomeric duplications. We identified three patients with functional disomy of Xq28. A female patient showed an unbalanced translocation between 12q24.33 and Xq28. Two male patients showed an unbalanced translocation between Xq27.1‐ Yq11.22 and a recombinant X‐chromosome containing duplicated material from Xq27.1 on Xp telomere, respectively. All three patients exhibited severe developmental delay, hypotonia, seizures, and distinctive facial features, including flat nasal bridge and hypertelorism. Additionally, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed characteristic findings in each patient, including frontal dominant brain atrophy and hypoplasia of the corpus callosum, which are common findings in patients with functional disomies of Xq28 and interstitial duplications of Xq28, including MECP2. Brain MRI revealed a cystic lesion in the periventricular white matter in a patient, similar to our previous experience in patients with MECP2 duplication syndrome. Thus, white matter abnormalities may frequently be seen in cases of patients with additional MECP2 copies. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MicroRNA profiles in nasal mucosa of patients with allergic and nonallergic rhinitis and asthma
Authors: Suojalehto Hille , Toskala Elina , Kilpeläinen Maritta , Majuri Marja‐Leena , Mitts Camilla , Lindström Irmeli , Puustinen Anne , Plosila Tuomas , Sipilä Jukka , Wolff Henrik , Alenius Harri 
Published: May 2013

BackgroundRhinitis and asthma commonly coexist and are often regarded as “unified airways disease.” Evidence exists that microRNAs are important in controlling inflammatory processes, but little is known about their role in airway inflammation. The present study evaluated the inflammatory profiles of patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), with and without concomitant asthma, and of patients with nonallergic rhinitis (NAR).MethodsWe analyzed inflammatory cells, cytokines, and microRNAs from nasal biopsies and measured nasal nitric oxide (nNO) levels in 159 young adult subjects subdivided into 4 groups: (1) AR; (2) AR+asthma; (3) NAR; and (4) controls.ResultsWe observed the upregulation of T‐helper 2 (Th2) cytokines and the trend of elevation of nNO levels in AR patients compared to controls. Subjects with current AR symptoms had increased levels of miR‐155, miR‐205, and miR‐498, but reduced levels of let‐7e. In addition, patients with positive skin prick test (SPT) reactions exhibited increased miR‐155 and miR‐205 expression and a decreased level of let‐7e, compared to subjects with negative SPT findings. Concomitant asthma had little effect on the inflammatory profile of AR. No significant changes in inflammatory markers were found in NAR patients compared to healthy controls.ConclusionOur results suggest that microRNAs miR‐155, miR‐205, miR‐498, and let‐7e may be important in the allergic inflammation present in nasal mucosa. Regarding NAR, our findings support the view that mechanisms other than inflammation are pivotal.
ChemInform Abstract: Synchroton X‐Ray Diffraction Study of the Ba1‐xSrSnO3 Solid Solution.
Authors: Prodjosantoso Anti K. , Zhou Qingdi , Kennedy Brendan J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA series of polycrystalline samples of Ba1‐xSrxSnO3 is prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of SrCO3, BaCO3, and SnO2 (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Color‐Control of the Persistent Luminescence of Cadmium Silicate Doped with Transition Metals.
Authors: Abreu Carolina M. , Silva Ronaldo S. , Valerio Mario E. G. , Macedo Zelia S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMn, Ni, and Cr doped as well as Mn/Ni and Mn/Cr co‐doped (dopant level of all samples 1 mol%) multi‐colored phosphorescent CdSiO3 is prepared by solid state synthesis of CdO, SiO2, MnCl2, Cr(NO3)3, and NiCl2 (alumina crucible, 1000 °C, 8 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Silver Vanadium Diphosphate Ag2VP2O8: Electrochemistry and Characterization of Reduced Material Providing Mechanistic Insights.
Authors: Takeuchi Esther S. , Lee Chia‐Ying , Cheng Po‐Jen , Menard Melissa C. , Marschilok Amy C. , Takeuchi Kenneth J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAg2VP2O8 is prepared by a previously reported method and its structure is confirmed by Rietveld refined powder XRD data (space group P21/c, Z = 4).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure and Catalytic Properties of Three Inorganic—Organic Hybrid Constructed from Heteropolymolybdate and Aminopyridine.
Authors: Deng Qian , Huang Yilan , Peng Zhenshan , Dai Zengjin , Lin Minru , Cai Tiejun 
Published: May 2013

AbstractSingle‐crystal XRD reveals a monoclinic structure for (II) (space group P21/c, Z = 4), a tetragonal structure for (III) (space group P42/n, Z = 2), and a trigonal structure for (IV) (space group R3, Z = 3).
ChemInform Abstract: Recoverable Silica‐Gel Supported Binam‐Prolinamides as Organocatalysts for the Enantioselective Solvent‐Free Intra‐ and Intermolecular Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Banon‐Caballero Abraham , Guillena Gabriela , Najera Carmen , Faggi Enrico , Sebastian Rosa Maria , Vallribera Adelina 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTwo novel heterogeneous BINAM‐prolinamides are prepared and evaluated as chiral catalysts for the intermolecular aldol reaction of different substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Perfluoroalkenylated Aryl Compounds via Pincer‐Pd Catalyzed Heck Couplings.
Authors: Feng Jie , Cai Chun 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA series of fluorous ponytail‐substituted aromatics is synthesized by Heck‐coupling of aryl halides with fluoroalkyl‐substituted ethylenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Diacetoxylation of Alkenes in a Microchemical System.
Authors: Park Jeong Hyeon , Park Chan Yi , Song Hyun Seung , Huh Yun Suk , Kim Geon Hee , Park Chan Pil 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAn environmentally friendly, fast, and highly selective method for the title reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Bromination/Desilicobromination of Silylated Monofluoroalkenes Using Tetrabutylammonium Tribromide under Microwave Conditions.
Authors: Malo‐Forest Bianca , Roy Jessye‐Ann , Paquin Jean‐Francois 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe reaction is fast and reliable and proceeds with retention of the configuration with little or no stereochemical erosion.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Fluorenes by Cascade Allenylation, Electrocyclization and Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts Reaction of 1,3‐Diene‐Substituted Propargylic Alcohols.
Authors: Xu Xiangsheng , Li Tao , Li Xiaoqing , Shao Jiangbin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe regioselectivity of the title reaction depends on the electronic properties of the substituents on the aryl ring as is demonstrated for substrates (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzo[b]furans
Authors: Yang Jianguo , Shen Guodong , Chen Dingben 
Published: May 2013

Abstractby Sonogashira cross‐coupling and intramolecular o‐arylation of o‐iodophenols and aryl acetylenes or silylacetylenes
ChemInform Abstract: The Study of Catalyst Free and Copper Catalyzed Reactions of Cyanochromenes and Sodium Azide.
Authors: Gawande Sachin D. , Raihan Mustafa J. , Zanwar Manoj R. , Kavala Veerababurao , Janreddy Donala , Kuo Chun‐Wei , Chen Mei‐Ling , Kuo Ting‐Shen , Yao Ching‐Fa 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTwo different roles of sodium azide under two different reaction conditions are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 3‐Alkenyl Indoles from 2‐Azido‐3‐arylacrylates and Terminal Alkenes at Room Temperature.
Authors: Zhang Yaohong , Liu Shen , Yu Wanwan , Hu Miao , Zhang Guolin , Yu Yongping 
Published: May 2013

AbstractEster‐ and nitrile‐substituted terminal alkenes (II) can be applied in this reaction although attempts with amide‐, aryl‐ and alkyl‐substituted alkenes did not yield 3‐alkenyl indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of S,S‐Dialkyl‐N‐(9,10‐dioxo‐9,10‐dihydroanthracen‐1‐yl)sulfoximides and Specificities of Their Base‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Heterocyclizations into Naphtho[1,2,3‐cd]indol‐6(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Kargina O. I. , Gornostaev L. M. , Nefedov A. A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis is presented in continuation of previously published studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Metathesis of Azomethine Imines in Reaction of 6‐Aryl‐1,5‐diazabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes with (Het)arylidenemalononitriles.
Authors: Pleshchev Mikhail I. , Petukhova Vera Yu. , Kuznetsov Vladimir V. , Khakimov Dmitriy V. , Pivina Tatyana S. , Struchkova Marina I. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Makhova Nina N. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe title reaction allows the synthesis of various fused heterocyclic systems.
ChemInform Abstract: The Rh2(OAc)4‐Catalyzed Reactions of 3‐Trifluoromethyl‐4‐diazopyrazolinones with Aromatic Compounds.
Authors: Fan Huafang , Zhang Zhenhua , Li Xinjin , Zhao Jingwei , Gao Jinming , Zhu Shizheng 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis method gives 4‐aryl‐substituted pyrazolinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Chemoselective Synthesis of 5‐Aroyl‐NH‐1,3‐oxazolidine‐2‐thiones
Authors: Sadegh‐Malvajerd Soroor , Arzehgar Zeinab , Nikpour Farzad 
Published: May 2013

Abstractvia ToSOH‐catalyzed reaction of epoxyketones with sodium thiocyanate or thiourea in Bu4NCl
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Induced Synthesis of Fluorobenzamides Containing Thiazole and Thiazolidine as Promising Antimicrobial Analogues.
Authors: Desai N. C. , Rajpara K. M. , Joshi V. V. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA variety of new fluorobenzamide derivatives (X) (15 examples) are synthesized using conventional or microwave chemistry and evaluated for their antimicrobial activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Access to 1‐Aryl‐5‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazoles and [1,2,4]Triazolo[1,5‐a]pyridines by Two New Single‐Step Reactions from 1,3,4‐Thiadiazol‐2‐amines.
Authors: Mammoliti Oscar , Quinton Evelyne M. , Loones Kristof T. J. , Nguyen Anh Tho , Wouters Johan , Van Lommen Guy 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe triazoles are formed from two equivalents of the amino‐thiadiazol substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Transformations of 1H‐Isothiochromen‐4(3H)‐one 2,2‐Dioxide.
Authors: Tkachuk Tetyana , Shyshkina Olena O. , Volovnenko Tetiana A. , Volovenko Yulian M. , Zubatyuk Roman I. , Medviediev Volodymyr V. , Shishkin Oleg V. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCompound (III) prepared from (I) by the reaction with dimethylformamide dimethylacetal reacts with some nitrogen nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfides and Vinylamines Through Catalytic Intramolecular Hydroarylation in the Presence of FeCl3 and AgOTf.
Authors: Eom Dahan , Mo Juntae , Lee Phil Ho , Gao Zhiming , Kim Sunggak 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe title synthesis proceeds in a selective manner and is further extended to the preparation of dihydropyrano[2,3‐g]chromene derivatives through a selective two‐fold Fe‐catalyzed 6‐endo‐hydroarylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Multicomponent Synthesis of 2,9‐Dihydro‐9‐methyl‐2‐oxo‐4‐aryl‐1H‐pyrido[2,3‐b]indole‐3‐carbonitrile Compounds.
Authors: Damavandi Saman , Sandaroos Reza 
Published: May 2013

AbstractUsing a silica‐supported ionic liquid as catalyst and DMF as solvent, title compounds (IV) are formed as products of a thermodynamically controlled reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Synthesis of Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine, N‐(1H‐Pyrazol‐5‐yl)formamide, or N‐(1H‐Pyrazol‐5‐yl)formamidine Derivatives from N‐1‐Substituted‐5‐aminopyrazoles with New Vilsmeier‐Type Reagents.
Authors: Chang Chun‐Hsi , Tsai Henry J. , Huang Yu‐Ying , Lin Hui‐Yi , Wang Li‐Ya , Wu Tian‐Shung , Wong Fung Fuh 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe direction of reaction of aminopyrazoles (I) with N‐methylformamide or formamide in the presence of POCl3 depends on the structure of starting compound (I) and Vilsmeier reagent used.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Alkoxyalkylation of Nucleobases Involving Direct Functionalization of sp3 C—H Bonds Adjacent to Oxygen Atoms
Authors: Huang Rui , Xie Chunsong , Huang Lin , Liu Jinhua 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe reaction can be also carried out in other solvents rather than in the respective ethers.
ChemInform Abstract: An Approach to Dihydroisoindolobenzodiazepinones — Three‐Dimensional Molecular Frameworks.
Authors: Yaremenko Anatoliy G. , Shelyakin Vyacheslav V. , Volochnyuk Dmitriy M. , Rusanov Eduard B. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractReaction of 2‐formylbenzoic acid with various ketones followed by ring opening/ring closing of the resulting lactones with o‐phenylenediamine allows the synthesis of the title heterocycles in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrophilic Cyclization Reactions of Diphenyl 3‐Methylpenta‐1,2,4‐trienyl Phosphine Oxide.
Authors: Ivanov Ivaylo K. , Christov Valerij C. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe title compound (III) is readily prepared via an atom‐economical [2,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement of an alkenynyl phosphinite formed in situ by reaction of 3‐methylpent‐1‐en‐4‐yn‐3‐ol with diphenylchlorophosphine.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tryptophans by Lewis Acid Promoted Ring‐Opening of Aziridine‐2‐carboxylates: Optimization of Protecting Group and Lewis Acid.
Authors: Tirotta Ilaria , Fifer Nathan L. , Eakins Julia , Hutton Craig A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe process is investigated with different N‐protecting groups at the aziridine nitrogen and different Lewis acids.
ChemInform Abstract: The Dimethylsulfoxonium Methylide as Unique Reagent for the Simultaneous Deprotection of Amino and Carboxyl Function of N‐Fmoc‐α‐Amino Acid and N‐Fmoc‐Peptide Esters.
Authors: Spinella Mariagiovanna , De Marco Rosaria , Belsito Emilia L. , Leggio Antonella , Liguori Angelo 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis method can also be used in solid‐phase peptide synthesis to simultaneously deprotect the amino function and cleave the peptide from the Wang resin.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon‐13 Heteronuclear Longitudinal Spin Relaxation for Geometrical (and Stereochemical) Determinations in Small‐ or Medium‐Size Molecules
Authors: Canet Daniel , Bouguet‐Bonnet Sabine , Leclerc Sebastien , Yemloul Mehdi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractReview: 62 refs.
Investigation of Sickle‐Cell Haemoglobin Polymerisation under Electrochemical Control
Authors: Iqbal Zeshan , Li Matthew , McKendry Rachel , Horton Michael , Caruana Daren J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe describe an electrochemistry‐based technique to control and monitor the polymerisation of sickle‐cell haemoglobin (HbS). The polymerisation was monitored as a change in turbidity during the depletion of oxygen in a small volume custom‐built thin‐layer electrochemical cell. The cell allowed the investigation of HbS polymerisation as a function of HbS concentration, temperature and solution pH. We confirm that the oxygen was efficiently depleted using finite‐element modelling to accurately recreate the electrochemical thin‐layer cell. Understanding the nucleation and growth of HbS polymerisation will provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of sickle‐cell disease in vivo, and thus help improve therapeutic strategies for this common and frequently disabling disorder.
Chemocatalytic Conversion of Ethanol into Butadiene and Other Bulk Chemicals
Authors: Angelici Carlo , Weckhuysen Bert M. , Bruijnincx Pieter C. A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe development of new and improved processes for the synthesis of bio‐based chemicals is one of the scientific challenges of our time. These new discoveries are not only important from an environmental point of view, but also represent an important economic opportunity, provided that the developed processes are selective and efficient. Bioethanol is currently produced from renewable resources in large amounts and, in addition to its use as biofuel, holds considerable promise as a building block for the chemical industry. Indeed, further improvements in production, both in terms of efficiency and feedstock selection, will guarantee availability at competitive prices. The conversion of bioethanol into commodity chemicals, in particular direct ‘drop‐in’ replacements is, therefore, becoming increasingly attractive, provided that the appropriate (catalytic) technology is in place. The production of green and renewable 1,3‐butadiene is a clear example of this approach. The Lebedev process for the one‐step catalytic conversion of ethanol to butadiene has been known since the 1930s and has been applied on an industrial scale to produce synthetic rubber. Later, the availability of low‐cost oil made it more convenient to obtain butadiene from petrochemical sources. The desire to produce bulk chemicals in a sustainable way and the availability of low‐cost bioethanol in large volumes has, however, resulted in a renaissance of this old butadiene production process. This paper reviews the catalytic aspects associated with the synthesis of butadiene via the Lebedev process, as well as the production of other, mechanistically related bulk chemicals that can be obtained from (bio)ethanol.
Cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes compared with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in adults
Authors: Konrad Katja , Scheuing Nicole , Badenhoop Klaus , Borkenstein Martin H. , Gohlke Bettina , Schöfl Christof , Seufert Jochen , Thon Angelika , Holl Reinhard W. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundWith increasing life expectancy of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), secondary diabetes becomes more prevalent. It appears to be the most common co‐morbidity in persons with cystic fibrosis. Therefore, the objective of our study was to describe characteristics of cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes compared with type 1 and 2 diabetes (T1DM/T2DM) in adults.MethodsData from 218 436 patients >18 years with cystic fibrosis (n = 401), T1DM (n = 32,409) or T2DM (n = 185 626) in the multicenter Diabetes‐Patienten‐Verlaufsdokumentation or prospective documentation of diabetes patients registry were analysed.ResultsDiabetes onset [median (interquartile range)] in cystic fibrosis [18.70 (15.50–25.30) years] was between T1DM [16.40 (10.50–31.80) years] and T2DM [58.50 (48.80–68.00) years], with female preponderance. Body mass index (BMI) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) were lowest (19.6 [18.1–21.5] kg/m2)/50 mmol/mol (6.73%) versus T1DM (24.4 [22.1–27.4])/62 mmol/mol (7.83%) vs. T2DM (29.6 [26.1–33.9])/54 mmol/mol (7.06%); all p < 0.01. A total of 78.6% of cystic fibrosis patients with diabetes received insulin. Insulin dose (0.74 IE/kg bodyweight) was not significantly different from T1DM (0.73) and T2DM (0.76). Frequency of vascular complications, adjusted for confounding effects, across the groups was different: Hypertension (CFRD 16.1% vs. T1DM 24.0% vs. T2DM 32.2%; all p < 0.01), retinopathy (CFRD 10.7% vs. T1DM 10.4% vs. T2DM 10.5%, not significant), nephropathy (CFRD 25.2% vs. T1DM 17.2% vs. T2DM 24.7%; only T1DM/T2DM; p < 0.01).ConclusionCFRD is a uniquely complex entity with clear differences from T1DM and T2DM in adults. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.