bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Romantic London and the Architecture of Memory
Authors: Lai Christine 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis essay attempts a reading of the relationship between literature and architecture in Romantic writings. The correspondence between external and internal structures – between the literal city as encountered outside the text and the reimagined city constructed in textual space – is most discernible in the context of metropolitan improvements. In the opening decades of the nineteenth century, Regency London underwent a series of significant urban changes. These developments, notwithstanding their importance to the culture and cityscape of London, ironically nurtured intense anxieties about the consequences of change. The loss of certain buildings or spaces in the city as a result of urban growth overlaps with experiences of personal loss, so that the new architecture in the city ironically acts as aides‐mémoires of the drastic shifts in subjective history. Buildings thus impress the mind in a way that yields an intensely personal understanding of the changing urban environment. De Quincey’s Confessions of an English Opium Eater (1821) is read as a case study that explores the implications of metropolitan improvements and the extent to which memories of loss are projected onto the buildings and streets of the newly expanded London.
Patterns of diversity and adaptation in Glomeromycota from three prairie grasslands
Authors: Ji Baoming , Gehring Catherine A. , Wilson Gail W. T. , Miller R. M. , Flores‐Rentería Lluvia , Johnson Nancy Collins 
Published: March 2013

AbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are widespread root symbionts that often improve the fitness of their plant hosts. We tested whether local adaptation in mycorrhizal symbioses would shape the community structure of these root symbionts in a way that maximizes their symbiotic functioning. We grew a native prairie grass (Andropogon gerardii) with all possible combinations of soils and AM fungal inocula from three different prairies that varied in soil characteristics and disturbance history (two native prairie remnants and one recently restored). We identified the AM fungi colonizing A. gerardii roots using PCR amplification and cloning of the small subunit rRNA gene. We observed 13 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) belonging to six genera in three families. Taxonomic richness was higher in the restored than the native prairies with one member of the Gigaspora dominating the roots of plants grown with inocula from native prairies. Inoculum source and the soil environment influenced the composition of AM fungi that colonized plant roots. Correspondingly, host plants and AM fungi responded significantly to the soil–inoculum combinations such that home fungi often had the highest fitness and provided the greatest benefit to A. gerardii. Similar patterns were observed within the soil–inoculum combinations originating from two native prairies, where five sequence types of a single Gigaspora OTU were virtually the only root colonizers. Our results indicate that indigenous assemblages of AM fungi were adapted to the local soil environment and that this process occurred both at a community scale and at the scale of fungal sequence types within a dominant OTU.
Identification of the amino acid residues and domains in the cysteine‐rich protein of Chinese wheat mosaic virus that are important for RNA silencing suppression and subcellular localization
Authors: Sun Liying , Andika Ida Bagus , Kondo Hideki , Chen Jianping 
Published: March 2013

SummaryCysteine‐rich proteins (CRPs) encoded by some plant viruses in diverse genera function as RNA silencing suppressors. Within the N‐terminal portion of CRPs encoded by furoviruses, there are six conserved cysteine residues and a Cys–Gly–X–X–His motif (Cys, cysteine; Gly, glycine; His, histidine; X, any amino acid residue) with unknown function. The central domains contain coiled‐coil heptad amino acid repeats that usually mediate protein dimerization. Here, we present evidence that the conserved cysteine residues and Cys–Gly–X–X–His motif in the CRP of Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) are critical for protein stability and silencing suppression activity. Mutation of a leucine residue in the third coiled‐coil heptad impaired CWMV CRP activity for suppression of local silencing, but not for the promotion of cell‐to‐cell movement of Potato virus X (PVX). In planta and in vitro analysis of wild‐type and mutant proteins indicated that the ability of the CRP to self‐interact was correlated with its suppression activity. Deletion of up to 40 amino acids at the C‐terminus did not abolish suppression activity, but disrupted the association of CRP with endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and reduced its activity in the enhancement of PVX symptom severity. Interestingly, a short region in the C‐terminal domain, predicted to form an amphipathic α‐helical structure, was responsible for the association of CWMV CRP with ER. Overall, our results demonstrate that the N‐terminal and central regions are the functional domains for suppression activity, whereas the C‐terminal region primarily functions to target CWMV CRP to the ER.
A common partitioning strategy for photosynthetic products in evolutionarily distinct phytoplankton species
Authors: Halsey Kimberly H. , O'Malley Robert T. , Graff Jason R. , Milligan Allen J. , Behrenfeld Michael J. 
Published: March 2013

Summary

We compare the nutrient‐dependent photosynthetic efficiencies of the chlorophyte, Dunaliella tertiolecta, with those of the marine diatom, Thalassiosira weissflogii. Despite considerable evolutionary and physiological differences, these two species appear to use nearly identical growth strategies under a wide range of nutrient limitation.

Using a variety of physiological measurements, we find that, for both species and across all growth rates, 75% of the gross photosynthetic electron flow is invested in carbon fixation and only 30% is retained as net carbon accumulation. A majority of gross photosynthesis (70%) is ultimately used as reductant for biosynthetic pathways and for the generation of ATP.

In both species, newly formed carbon products exhibit much shorter half‐lives at slow growth rates than at fast growth rates. We show that this growth rate dependence is a result of increased polysaccharide storage during the S phase of the cell cycle.

We present a model of carbon utilization that incorporates this growth rate‐dependent carbon allocation and accurately captures (r2 = 0.94) the observed time‐resolved carbon retention. Together, our findings suggest a common photosynthetic optimization strategy in evolutionarily distinct phytoplankton species and contribute towards a systems‐level understanding of carbon flow in photoautotrophs.
Metabolic changes of human dental pulp after rapid palatal expansion
Authors: Wei F. L. , Geng J. , Guo J. , Guo Q. Y. , Wang H. , Liu D. X. , Zhang B. J. , Wang C. L. 
Published: March 2013

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo investigate rapid palatal expansion (RPE)–induced metabolic changes in human dental pulp by measuring the expression and activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST).MethodsmRNA and protein levels of AST in human dental pulp were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Furthermore, the activity of AST was measured by a full automatic biochemical analyzer.ResultsAST mRNA and protein levels were found to be expressed in normal dental pulp. Moreover, the expression of AST was increased significantly after 14 days of RPE and then decreased at 1 month in retention. Three and 6 months after RPE, the AST expression level was gradually decreased to its baseline level. Similarly, AST activity was significantly elevated after 14 days of RPE, which was then down‐regulated at 1 month in retention but was still kept at a higher level as compared with the control group. The enzymatic activity of AST was slowly decreased to its baseline level at 3 and 6 months in retention.ConclusionsThese results showed that significant reversible metabolic changes occurred in dental pulp during RPE, which revealed the high capacity of the pulp tissue for adaptation to this orthopedic method.
Ocular biometric correlates of ciliary muscle thickness in human myopia
Authors: Buckhurst Hetal , Gilmartin Bernard , Cubbidge Robert P , Nagra Manbir , Logan Nicola S 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPurposeAnterior segment optical coherent tomography (AS‐OCT) is used to further examine previous reports that ciliary muscle thickness (CMT) is increased in myopic eyes. With reference to temporal and nasal CMT, interrelationships between biometric and morphological characteristics of anterior and posterior segments are analysed for British‐White and British‐South‐Asian adults with and without myopia.MethodsData are presented for the right eyes of 62 subjects (British‐White n = 39, British‐South‐Asian n = 23, aged 18–40 years) with a range of refractive error (mean spherical error (MSE (D)) −1.74 ± 3.26; range −10.06 to +4.38) and separated into myopes (MSE (D) <−0.50, range −10.06 to −0.56; n = 30) and non‐myopes (MSE (D) ≥−0.50, −0.50 to +4.38; n = 32). Temporal and nasal ciliary muscle cross‐sections were imaged using a Visante AS‐OCT. Using Visante software, manual measures of nasal and temporal CMT (NCMT and TCMT respectively) were taken in successive posterior 1 mm steps from the scleral spur over a 3 mm distance (designated NCMT1, TCMT1 et seq). Measures of axial length and anterior chamber depth were taken with an IOLMaster biometer. MSE and corneal curvature (CC) measurements were taken with a Shin‐Nippon auto‐refractor. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine total ocular volume (OV) for 31 of the original subject group. Statistical comparisons and analyses were made using mixed repeated measures anovas, Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise forward multiple linear regression.ResultsMSE was significantly associated with CMT, with thicker CMT2 and CMT3 being found in the myopic eyes (p = 0.002). In non‐myopic eyes TCMT1, TCMT2, NCMT1 and NCMT2 correlated significantly with MSE, AL and OV (p < 0.05). In contrast, myopic eyes failed generally to exhibit a significant correlation between CMT, MSE and axial length but notably retained a significant correlation between OV, TCMT2, TCMT3, NCMT2 and NCMT3 (p < 0.05). OV was found to be a significantly better predictor of TCMT2 and TCMT3 than AL by approximately a factor of two (p < 0.001). Anterior chamber depth was significantly associated with both temporal and nasal CMT2 and CMT3; TCMT1 correlated positively with CC. Ethnicity had no significant effect on differences in CMT.ConclusionsIncreased CMT is associated with myopia. We speculate that the lack of correlation in myopic subjects between CMT and axial length, but not between CMT and OV, is evidence that disrupted feedback between the fovea and ciliary apparatus occurs in myopia development.
The influence of leaf‐atmosphere NH3(g) exchange on the isotopic composition of nitrogen in plants and the atmosphere
Authors: JOHNSON JENNIFER E. , BERRY JOSEPH A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe distribution of nitrogen isotopes in the biosphere has the potential to offer insights into the past, present and future of the nitrogen cycle, but it is challenging to unravel the processes controlling patterns of mixing and fractionation. We present a mathematical model describing a previously overlooked process: nitrogen isotope fractionation during leaf‐atmosphere NH3(g) exchange. The model predicts that when leaf‐atmosphere exchange of NH3(g) occurs in a closed system, the atmospheric reservoir of NH3(g) equilibrates at a concentration equal to the ammonia compensation point and an isotopic composition 8.1‰ lighter than nitrogen in protein. In an open system, when atmospheric concentrations of NH3(g) fall below or rise above the compensation point, protein can be isotopically enriched by net efflux of NH3(g) or depleted by net uptake. Comparison of model output with existing measurements in the literature suggests that this process contributes to variation in the isotopic composition of nitrogen in plants as well as NH3(g) in the atmosphere, and should be considered in future analyses of nitrogen isotope circulation. The matrix‐based modelling approach that is introduced may be useful for quantifying isotope dynamics in other complex systems that can be described by first‐order kinetics.
The PKD domain distinguishes the trafficking and amyloidogenic properties of the pigment cell protein PMEL and its homologue GPNMB
Authors: Theos Alexander C. , Watt Brenda , Harper Dawn C. , Janczura Karolina J. , Theos Sarah C. , Herman Kathryn E. , Marks Michael S. 
Published: March 2013

SummaryProteolytic fragments of the pigment cell‐specific glycoprotein, PMEL, form the amyloid fibrillar matrix underlying melanins in melanosomes. The fibrils form within multivesicular endosomes to which PMEL is selectively sorted and that serve as melanosome precursors. GPNMB is a tissue‐restricted glycoprotein with substantial sequence homology to PMEL, but no known function, and was proposed to localize to non‐fibrillar domains of distinct melanosome subcompartments in melanocytes. Here we confirm that GPNMB localizes to compartments distinct from the PMEL‐containing multivesicular premelanosomes or late endosomes in melanocytes and HeLa cells, respectively, and is largely absent from fibrils. Using domain swapping, the unique PMEL localization is ascribed to its polycystic kidney disease (PKD) domain, whereas the homologous PKD domain of GPNMB lacks apparent sorting function. The difference likely reflects extensive modification of the GPNMB PKD domain by N‐glycosylation, nullifying its sorting function. These results reveal the molecular basis for the distinct trafficking and morphogenetic properties of PMEL and GPNMB and support a deterministic function of the PMEL PKD domain in both protein sorting and amyloidogenesis.
Two Cases of Hemihyperplasia–Multiple Lipomatosis Syndrome and Review of Asymmetric Hemihyperplasia Syndromes
Authors: Craiglow Brittany G. , Ko Christine J. , Antaya Richard J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractHemihyperplasia–multiple lipomatosis syndrome (HHML) is a condition characterized by asymmetric nonprogressive overgrowth, multiple lipomas, and superficial vascular malformations. We present two cases of HHML to enhance the diagnostic acumen of dermatologists and avoid potential misdiagnosis of this rare but probably underrecognized entity. We also provide a brief review of asymmetric overgrowth syndromes, which have overlapping yet distinct clinical manifestations.
Newborn Transepidermal Water Loss Values: A Reference Dataset
Authors: Kelleher Maeve M. , O'Carroll Michelle , Gallagher Aine , Murray Deirdre M. , Dunn Galvin Audrey , Irvine Alan D. , Hourihane Jonathan O'B 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTransepidermal water loss (TEWL) is a simple noninvasive measurement of inside‐out skin barrier function. The goal of this research was to establish normal values for TEWL in early life using data gathered from the Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study. TEWL was recorded in a standardized fashion using a well‐validated open‐chamber system. A mean of three readings was recorded from 1,036 neonates (37–42 weeks gestational age) and 18 late preterm infants (34–37 weeks gestational age) within 96 hours of birth in an environmentally controlled room. Full‐term neonatal TEWL measurements have a normal distribution (mean 7.06 ± 3.41 g of water/m2 per hour) and mean preterm neonatal TEWL measurements were 7.76 ± 2.85 g of water/m2 per hour. This is the largest evaluation to date of TEWL in a normal‐term neonatal population. It therefore constitutes a reference dataset for this measurement using an open‐chamber system.
Teams of Community Health Workers and Nursing Students Effect Health Promotion of Underserved Urban Neighborhoods
Authors: Zandee Gail Landheer , Bossenbroek Debra , Slager Dianne , Gordon Beth 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective(s)The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of CHW/nursing student teams in promoting secondary protection and improving access to care for residents of three urban underserved neighborhoods. The study also sought to measure CHW and resident satisfaction of such a program.Design and SampleQuasi‐experimental and non‐experimental designs were used for the study. Convenience samples consisted of residents who participated in the CHW program during 2005–2006, CHWs and residents who participated in the CHW program during 2005–2007 and a systematic random sample of residents across the three neighborhoods.MeasuresThree quantitative measures were used in the study: a pre/post test with residents who participated in the program, a satisfaction survey of CHWs and participants, and a community assessment survey of the neighborhoods in which the program occurred.ResultsCHW/nursing student teams were shown to increase awareness of community resources, increase access to dental care, decrease use of the ER, promote use of a medical home/regular source of care, and increase the percentage of people having their blood pressure screened in the last 2 years.ConclusionCHW/nursing student teams can positively impact the health of underserved populations.
Protective effect of mango (Mangifera indicaL.) against UVB‐induced skin aging in hairless mice
Authors: Song Jae Hyoung , Bae Eun Young , Choi Goya , Hyun Jin Won , Lee Mi Young , Lee Hye Won , Chae Sungwook 
Published: March 2013

SummaryBackgroundMangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) is a medicinal plant whose extracts have been described as an antioxidant with anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities.PurposeSkin aging is a consequence of chronic sun exposure to the sun and therefore ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Naturally occurring antioxidants are known to reduce skin aging. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective role of mango extract against UVB‐induced skin aging in hairless mice.MethodsHR‐1 hairless male mice (6 weeks old) were divided into three groups: control (n = 5), UVB‐treated vehicle (n = 5), and UVB‐treated mango extract (n = 5) groups. UVB‐irradiated mice from the mango extract group were orally administered 0.1 ml of water containing 100 mg of mango extract/kg body weight per day. The inhibitory activity of mango extract on wrinkle formation was determined by the analysis of the skin replica, epidermal thickness based on histological examination, and damage to collagen fiber.ResultsThe mean length of wrinkles in UVB‐treated vehicle group significantly improved after the oral administration of mango extract, which significantly inhibited the increase in epidermal thickness and epidermal hypertrophy (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a marked increase in collagen bundles was observed in the UVB‐treated group after the administration of mango extract by Masson's trichrome staining.ConclusionThese results indicate that mango extract showed anti‐photoaging activity in UVB‐irradiated hairless mice.
Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy with topical 5‐aminolevulinic acid and intense pulsed light in Chinese acne vulgaris patients
Authors: Mei Xingyu , Shi Weimin , Piao Yinglan 
Published: March 2013

SummaryBackgroundThe success rates of conventional treatments to acne vulgaris are limited because of intolerance and resistance. Photodynamic therapy with topical 5‐aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and red light has been introduced. However, the side effects especially pigmentation are common.ObjectiveTo study the efficacy and safety of ALA‐photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 420–950 nm intense pulsed light (IPL) in Chinese patients with acne vulgaris.MethodsForty‐one patients with moderate to severe facial acne were randomly assigned to ALA‐IPL‐PDT group and IPL group. Ten percent topical ALA was applied to patients in the ALA‐IPL‐PDT group, while placeboes were applied to patients in the IPL group. After 1 h occlusion, all patients were illuminated with 420–950 nm IPL. The patients in both groups had four treatment sessions with 1‐week intervals. One week after each treatment and 4, 8, and 12 weeks after four sessions, acne lesion counts and adverse events were observed.ResultsTwelve weeks after treatments, mean reductions of global lesion counts of ALA‐IPL‐PDT group and IPL group were 75.2% and 51.0%, respectively. Mean reductions of inflammatory and non‐inflammatory lesion counts in ALA‐IPL‐PDT group were (83.6 ± 4.1)% and (57.5 ± 6.8)%, respectively. No severe adverse events were observed.ConclusionALA‐IPL‐PDT is an effective treatment for moderate to severe acne vulgaris, and side effects are mild and reversible.
RFID‐Enabled Visibility and Retail Inventory Record Inaccuracy: Experiments in the Field
Authors: Hardgrave Bill C. , Aloysius John A. , Goyal Sandeep 
Published: March 2013

Accurate inventory records are key to effective store execution, affecting forecasting, ordering, and replenishment. Prior empirical research, however, shows that retailer inventory records are inherently inaccurate. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) enables visibility into the movement of inventories in the supply chain. Using two different field experiments, the current research investigates the effectiveness of this visibility in reducing retail store inventory record inaccuracy (IRI). Study 1 used an interrupted time‐series design and involved daily physical counts of all products in one category in 13 stores (8 treatments and 5 controls) of a major global retailer over 23 weeks. Results indicate a significant decrease in IRI of approximately 26% due to RFID‐enabled visibility. Using an untreated control group design with pre‐test and post‐test, Study 2 expands the number of categories to five and the number of stores to 62 (31 treatment and 31 control stores). Results show that the effectiveness of RFID in reducing IRI varies by category (ranging from no statistically significant improvement to 81%). Results also suggest that RFID ameliorates the effects of known determinants of IRI and provide the key insight that the technology is most effective for product categories characterized by these determinants.
Beneficial Effect of Melatonin on Blastocyst In Vitro Production from Heat‐Stressed Bovine Oocytes
Authors: Cebrian‐Serrano A , Salvador I , Raga E , Dinnyes A , Silvestre MA 
Published: March 2013

ContentsMelatonin may play an important role in protecting gametes and embryos from the potential harmful effects of oxidative stress. In this study, we first examined two different heat stress (HS) treatments for in vitro oocyte maturation (Experiment 1: 38.5 vs 41.0°C, during the first 20 h; Experiment 2: 38.5 vs 41.5°C, during the entire period) on bovine oocyte maturation and embryo development. Second, we tested different melatonin concentrations added to the maturation and culture medium (Experiment 3: 0, 10−12, 10−9, 10−4 m; Experiment 4: 0, 10−3 m), both with and without HS (38.5 or 41.5°C, respectively). In Experiment 1, the HS treatment resulted in a lower maturation rate and number of cells/blastocyst (C/B) and a higher blastocyst rate than that in the control group. In Experiment 2, oocytes/embryos from heat‐stressed oocytes (HSO) had a lower maturation, cleavage and blastocyst rates, as well as a lower C/B compared with the control. In Experiment 3, in HSO groups, 10−4 m melatonin resulted in an increased blastocyst rate compared with 0 m melatonin, with a similar blastocyst rate to the non‐HSO without melatonin. Melatonin did not have any effect in embryos from non‐HSO groups compared with the control. In Experiment 4, 10−3 m melatonin produced lower cleavage and blastocyst rates in HSO and lower blastocyst rate in non‐HSO when compared to melatonin‐untreated oocytes/embryos. In conclusion, 10−4 m melatonin was found to alleviate bovine oocytes from the harmful effects of HS.