bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐Crystal Semiconductors with Narrow Band Gaps for Solar Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Tuo , Gong Jinlong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSolar water splitting provides a clean and renewable approach to produce hydrogen energy. In recent years, single‐crystal semiconductors such as Si and InP with narrow band gaps have demonstrated excellent performance to drive the half reactions of water splitting through visible light due to their suitable band gaps and low bulk recombination. This Minireview describes recent research advances that successfully overcome the primary obstacles in using these semiconductors as photoelectrodes, including photocorrosion, sluggish reaction kinetics, low photovoltage, and unfavorable planar substrate surface. Surface modification strategies, such as surface protection, cocatalyst loading, surface energetics tuning, and surface texturization are highlighted as the solutions.
All‐Carbon [3+3] Oxidative Annulations of 1,3‐Enynes by Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed CH Functionalization and 1,4‐Migration
Authors: Burns David J. , Best Daniel , Wieczysty Martin D. , Lam Hon Wai 
Published: July 2015

Abstract1,3‐Enynes containing allylic hydrogens cis to the alkyne function as three‐carbon components in rhodium(III)‐catalyzed, all‐carbon [3+3] oxidative annulations to produce spirodialins. The proposed mechanism of these reactions involves the alkenyl‐to‐allyl 1,4‐rhodium(III) migration.
Room‐Temperature, Strain‐Tunable Orientation of Magnetization in a Hybrid Ferromagnetic Co Nanorod–Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Nanocomposite
Authors: Riou Ophélie , Lonetti Barbara , Tan Reasmey P. , Harmel Justine , Soulantica Katerina , Davidson Patrick , Mingotaud Anne‐Françoise , Respaud Marc , Chaudret Bruno , Mauzac Monique 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHybrid nanocomposites based on magnetic nanoparticles dispersed in liquid crystalline elastomers are fascinating emerging materials. Their expected strong magneto‐elastic coupling may open new applications as actuators, magnetic switches, and for reversible storage of magnetic information. We report here the synthesis of a novel hybrid ferromagnetic liquid crystalline elastomer. In this material, highly anisotropic Co nanorods are aligned through a cross‐linking process performed in the presence of an external magnetic field. We obtain a highly anisotropic magnetic material which exhibits remarkable magneto‐elastic coupling. The nanorod alignment can be switched at will at room temperature by weak mechanical stress, leading to a change of more than 50 % of the remnant magnetization ratio and of the coercive field.
Coupling Mo2C with Nitrogen‐Rich Nanocarbon Leads to Efficient Hydrogen‐Evolution Electrocatalytic Sites
Authors: Liu Yipu , Yu Guangtao , Li Guo‐Dong , Sun Yuanhui , Asefa Tewodros , Chen Wei , Zou Xiaoxin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn our efforts to obtain electrocatalysts with improved activity for water splitting, meticulous design and synthesis of the active sites of the electrocatalysts and deciphering how exactly they catalyze the reaction are vitally necessary. Herein, we report a one‐step facile synthesis of a novel precious‐metal‐free hydrogen‐evolution nanoelectrocatalyst, dubbed Mo2C@NC that is composed of ultrasmall molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) nanoparticles embedded within nitrogen‐rich carbon (NC) nanolayers. The Mo2C@NC hybrid nanoelectrocatalyst shows remarkable catalytic activity, has great durability, and gives about 100 % Faradaic yield toward the hydrogen‐evolution reaction (HER) over a wide pH range (pH 0–14). Theoretical calculations show that the Mo2C and N dopants in the material synergistically co‐activate adjacent C atoms on the carbon nanolayers, creating superactive nonmetallic catalytic sites for HER that are more active than those in the constituents.
Poly(p‐phenylenediethynylene phosphane): A Phosphorus‐Containing Macromolecule that Displays Blue Fluorescence Upon Oxidation
Authors: Rawe Benjamin W. , Gates Derek P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDespite the challenges associated with their synthesis, hybrid inorganic–organic polymers featuring heavier main‐group elements spaced by π‐conjugated organic functionalities have garnered considerable recent attention due to their chemical functionality and novel photophysical properties. We have succeeded in the preparation of an unprecedented organophosphorus polymer possessing functional phosphane‐di‐yne moieties in the main chain. Namely, poly(p‐phenylenediethynylene phosphane) (PPYP) is prepared using a nickel(II)‐catalyzed PC bond‐forming reaction. The hexyl‐substituted PPYPs are solution processible and have been thoroughly characterized (molecular weight, Mw, ca. 104 Da vs. polystyrene; degree of polymerization, DP, ca. 10). Remarkably, although PPYP shows very weak emission upon irradiation with UV light, its oxide shows blue “turn‐on” fluorescence. The present discovery bridges the areas of main‐group and polymer science and opens the door to a new class of σ‐π‐conjugated macromolecules with unique chemical functionality.
Synthesis of a Tetrabenzotetraaza[8]circulene by a “Fold‐In” Oxidative Fusion Reaction
Authors: Chen Fengkun , Hong Yong Seok , Shimizu Soji , Kim Dongho , Tanaka Takayuki , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTetrabenzotetraaza[8]circulene (1) has been synthesized in good yield by a “fold‐in” oxidative fusion reaction of a 1,2‐phenylene‐bridged cyclic tetrapyrrole. X‐ray diffraction analysis of 1 has revealed a planar square structure with a central cyclooctatetraene (COT) core that shows little alternation of the bond lengths. Despite these structural features, 1 shows aromatic‐like character, such as sharp absorption bands, high fluorescence quantum yields (ΦF=0.55 in THF), and a single exponential fluorescence decay with τF=3.8 ns. These observations indicate a dominant contribution of an [8]radialene‐like π conjugation and hence aromatic character of the local aromatic segments in 1.
Design of Decorin‐Based Peptides That Bind to Collagen I and their Potential as Adhesion Moieties in Biomaterials
Authors: Federico Stefania , Pierce Benjamin F. , Piluso Susanna , Wischke Christian , Lendlein Andreas , Neffe Axel T. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMimicking the binding epitopes of protein–protein interactions by using small peptides is important for generating modular biomimetic systems. A strategy is described for the design of such bioactive peptides without accessible structural data for the targeted interaction, and the effect of incorporating such adhesion peptides in complex biomaterial systems is demonstrated. The highly repetitive structure of decorin was analyzed to identify peptides that are representative of the inner and outer surface, and it was shown that only peptides based on the inner surface of decorin bind to collagen. The peptide with the highest binding affinity for collagen I, LHERHLNNN, served to slow down the diffusion of a conjugated dye in a collagen gel, while its dimer could physically crosslink collagen, thereby enhancing the elastic modulus of the gel by one order of magnitude. These results show the potential of the identified peptides for the design of biomaterials for applications in regenerative medicine.
Geometrical Dissipativity‐Based Output Synchronization of Discrete Dynamical Networks with Non‐Identical Nodes
Authors: Li Chensong , Zhao Jun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the generalized output synchronization problem for discrete dynamic networks with non‐identical nodes. We consider two cases: output synchronization for fixed topology and arbitrary switching topology. For the first case, we establish several criteria for generalized output synchronization using the geometrical dissipativity property. For the other case, we present a LaSalle invariance principle for discrete switched systems, based on which criteria for generalized output synchronization under arbitrary switching topology are given. Finally, an example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the main results.
The snapping medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve
Authors: Cesmebasi Alper , O'driscoll Shawn W. , Smith Jay , Skinner John A. , Spinner Robert J. 
Published: July 2015

Snapping elbow is a well‐known condition where elbow flexion and extension elicits a painful, popping sensation. The most frequent etiology is anterior dislocation of the ulnar nerve over the medial epicondyle. Four patients (3 females and 1 male) presented with complaints of a popping sensation in the elbow, pain over the medial aspect of the forearm, and ulnar neuritis. All patients underwent preoperative dynamic ultrasound and surgical exploration of the medial elbow. Intraoperatively, snapping of the MABC over the medial epicondyle was discovered in all four patients. In three patients, there was abnormal displacement of the medial triceps and ulnar nerve: in two of these, both structures dislocated over the medial epicondyle and in one patient both structures subluxated. In each case, the MABC was decompressed (n = 1) and transposed (n = 3), and in three cases, the medial triceps and ulnar nerve were addressed as well. Symptomatic improvement was achieved in all cases. Retrospective review of the ultrasound revealed the snapping MABC, though it was less effective prospectively in the cases when snapping MABC was not suspected. In conclusion, snapping of the MABC broadens the spectrum of disorders that results in snapping elbow. To our knowledge, we are unaware of prior reports of this entity. Clin. Anat. 28:872–877, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Beauty or function? How different mass customization toolkits affect customers' process enjoyment
Authors: Schnurr Benedikt , Scholl‐Grissemann Ursula 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough it is widely acknowledged that mass customization (MC) increases both company and customer value, the research has neglected the possible effects of different MC toolkits on customer responses. In this study, we investigate the influence of different MC toolkits on customers' process enjoyment by manipulating the extent to which those toolkits allow customers to customize a product's functional attributes (functional MC toolkits), aesthetic attributes (aesthetic MC toolkits), or both (supreme toolkits). In addition, we examine the moderating effect of customers' ability to customize. The results of two experimental studies show that regardless of their ability to customize, customers' process enjoyment is higher with an aesthetic MC toolkit than with a functional MC toolkit. For customers with a high ability to customize, process enjoyment with a supreme toolkit is higher than process enjoyment with an aesthetic toolkit, whereas no differences exist for customers with a low ability to customize. This research contributes significantly to the existing literature on mass customization and provides managers with insights on how to more effectively develop and implement MC toolkits. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Reduction by Quasi‐Homogeneous Gold Nanoclusters in the Liquid Phase
Authors: Chong Hanbao , Zhu Manzhou 
Published: July 2015

AbstractReduction reactions play significant roles in industrial manufacture, and supported metal nanoparticles (NPs) show great prospect for mass production. The gold NPs have achieved expanding progress in selective reduction in recent years and will lead to a hot issue in the future. However, the designing of efficient catalysts is currently quite challenging because of the lack of systematic understandings on the fundamentals of the catalytic efficiency. Fortunately, tremendous advances can be expected with the aid of quasi‐homogeneous NPs. This review highlights the unsupported gold NPs or nanoclusters (NCs) catalyzed reduction reactions, which include single‐electron‐transfer catalysis, selective hydrogenation of carbonyl and nitro groups. The tentative catalytic mechanism and the size‐dependence of gold nanocatalyst have also been discussed in this review.
Direct Immobilization of Ru‐Based Catalysts on Silica: Hydrogen Bonds as Non‐Covalent Interactions for Recycling in Metathesis Reactions
Authors: Nasrallah Houssein , Dragoe Diana , Magnier Caroline , Crévisy Christophe , Mauduit Marc , Schulz Emmanuelle 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe commercially available M71‐SIPr ruthenium precatalyst was deposited on silica, with the aim to develop a simple procedure for catalyst recovery in metathesis reactions. Various spectroscopic analyses revealed that the impregnation resulted from hydrogen bonding interactions, specifically with the carbonyl group of the trifluoroacetamide moiety of the complex. These interactions were, furthermore, responsible for catalytic improvement through a facilitated release of the active ruthenium species. The silica‐supported complex proved to be an efficient catalyst for the promotion of various olefin metathesis reactions in a multisubstrate procedure. The catalytic material was easily recovered by simple filtration and delivered the targeted products in high yield for seven consecutive runs.
Preparation of Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon from Polyacrylonitrile and its Application as a Solid‐Base Catalyst
Authors: Fujita Shin‐ichiro , Katagiri Ayaka , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Asano Sayaka , Yoshida Hiroshi , Arai Masahiko 
Published: July 2015

AbstractN‐doped carbon (N carbon) materials were prepared from a commercial polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by calcination and subsequent ammoxidation and these were used for a model reaction of Knoevenagel condensation of benzaldehyde and ethyl cyanoacetate. The catalytic activity of the calcined PAN for the reaction was very low, but it was greatly enhanced by the ammoxidation and the enhancement depended on both the calcination and ammoxidation temperatures. X‐ray photoelectron spectra indicated the presence of pyridine‐type and pyrrole‐/pyridone‐type N species and the amount of the former N species was well correlated with the catalytic activity. It was suggested that the presence of pyridine‐type N in the graphene structure is significant for the emergence of the catalytic activity. The most active N‐carbon catalyst prepared in the present study was much more active than solid‐based catalysts reported so far including N carbon derived from activated carbon, N‐doped carbon nanotubes, and a few metal oxide based catalysts.
Selective Hydrogenation of Phenol to Cyclohexanone over Pd–HAP Catalyst in Aqueous Media
Authors: Xu Guangyue , Guo Jianhua , Zhang Ying , Fu Yao , Chen Jinzhu , Ma Longlong , Guo Qingxiang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe production of pure cyclohexanone under mild conditions over catalysts with high reactivity, selectivity, compatibility, stability, and low cost is still a great challenge. Here we report a hydroxyapatite‐bound palladium catalyst (Pd–HAP) to demonstrate its excellent performance on phenol hydrogenation to cyclohexanone. Based on catalyst characterization, the Pd nanoclusters (≈0.9 nm) are highly dispersed and bound to phosphate in HAP. Only basic active sites on HAP surface are detected. At 25 °C and ambient H2 pressure in water, phenol can be 100 % converted into cyclohexanone with 100 % selectivity. This system shows a universal applicability to temperature, pH, solvent, low H2 purity, and pressure. The catalyst reveals high stability to be recycled without deactivation or morphology change; and Pd nano‐clusters barely aggregate even at 400 °C. During the reaction, HAP adsorbs phenol, and Pd nanoclusters activate and spillover H2. The mechanism is also investigated, proposed, and verified.
A One‐Step Biocatalytic Process for (S)‐4‐Chloro‐3‐hydroxybutyronitrile using Halohydrin Dehalogenase: A Chiral Building Block for Atorvastatin
Authors: Wan Nan‐Wei , Liu Zhi‐Qiang , Xue Feng , Shen Zhen‐Yang , Zheng Yu‐Guo 
Published: July 2015

Abstract(S)‐4‐Chloro‐3‐hydroxybutyronitrile [(S)‐CHBN] was used as a chiral building block for the preparation of atorvastatin. In this study, (R,S)‐epichlorohydrin [(R,S)‐ECH] and 1,3‐dichloro‐2‐propanol (1,3‐DCP) were investigated to prepare (S)‐CHBN by using the halohydrin dehalogenase HheC from Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1. Preparing (S)‐CHBN from (R,S)‐ECH gave a modest enantiomeric excess (ee), whereas by using 1,3‐DCP as the substrate, (S)‐CHBN was obtained with 97.3 % ee after pH optimization. However, a low ee value and low yield of (S)‐CHBN were obtained if the substrate concentration was increased to 10 g L−1. To obtain a higher ee value and yield, 16 mutants were constructed and screened. The variant W249F with improvements in activity and enantioselectivity was identified and applied at a 1,3‐DCP loading of 10 g L−1, which gave (S)‐CHBN in 86 % yield with 97.5 % ee in 1 h. This is the first report of a one‐step biocatalytic process for the preparation of (S)‐CHBN from prochiral 1,3‐DCP.
Electrochemical Properties and Dissolution Mechanism of A2Ni7 Hydrides (A=Y, Gd, La–Sm)
Authors: Puga Beatriz , Joiret Suzanne , Vivier Vincent , Charbonnier Véronique , Guerrouj Habiba , Zhang Junxian , Monnier Judith , Fariaut‐Georges Cécile , Latroche Michel , Goubault Lionel , Bernard Patrick 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of hydride‐forming A2B7 alloys (Y2Ni7, LaSmNi7, and Gd2Ni7) is investigated in KOH solution. The evolution of the material performance is shown to strongly depend on the A elements. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), SEM observations, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy showed that Y2Ni7 is mainly sensitive to calendar corrosion and decrepitation, whereas LaSmNi7 and Gd2Ni7 are sensitive to the concomitant effect of both cycling and calendar corrosion. It is also shown that the capacity loss of Gd2Ni7 can be ascribed to amorphization on cycling, which is not the case for Y2Ni7. The formation of both an thin oxide film (a few tens of nanometers thick) at the material surface, measured by EIS, and the dissolution products formed during long‐term immersion, analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, is in agreement with the decrease in material activity evaluated by EIS during cycling at different depths of charge.
Apparent Oxygen Uphill Diffusion in La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 Thin Films upon Cathodic Polarization
Authors: Huber Tobias M. , Navickas Edvinas , Friedbacher Gernot , Hutter Herbert , Fleig Jürgen 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe impact of cathodic bias on oxygen transport in La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM) thin films was investigated. Columnar‐grown LSM thin films with different microstructures were deposited by pulsed laser deposition. 18O tracer experiments were performed on thin film microelectrodes with an applied cathodic bias of −300 or −450 mV, and the microelectrodes were subsequently analyzed by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The 18O concentration in the cathodically polarized LSM microelectrodes was strongly increased relative to that in the thermally annealed film (without bias). Most remarkable, however, was the appearance of a pronounced 18O fraction maximum in the center of the films. This strongly depended on the applied bias and on the microstructure of the LSM thin layers. The unusual shape of the 18O depth profiles was caused by a combination of Wagner–Hebb‐type stoichiometry polarization of the LSM bulk, fast grain boundary transport and voltage‐induced modification of the oxygen incorporation kinetics,
Bipolar Electrochemical Approach with a Thin Layer of Supporting Electrolyte towards the Growth of Self‐Organizing TiO2 Nanotubes
Authors: Saqib Muhammad , Lai Jianping , Zhao Jianming , Li Suping , Xu Guobao 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe report a new bipolar electrochemical approach for the growth of ordered titanium dioxide nanotubes (NTs), using a thin layer of supporting electrolyte, and the preparation of multiple samples through bipolar electrochemistry in a single wireless run. Our configuration allows the efficient growth of TiO2 NTs in a horizontal direction with low electrolyte consumption, which facilitates heat dissipation. In this simple, rapid, and cost‐effective method, we can also successfully tune the inner and outer diameters of TiO2 NTs to 25–64 nm and 42–85 nm, respectively, with key parameters such as fluoride content, anodization voltage, anodization time, and water content.
Elucidation of the Electrochemical Reaction Mechanism in MFe2O4 (M=Ni, Co) Conversion‐Type Negative Electrode Systems by using In Situ X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Balachandran Geethu , Dixon Ditty , Bramnik Natalia , Bhaskar Aiswarya , Yavuz Murat , Pfaffmann Lukas , Scheiba Frieder , Mangold Stefan , Ehrenberg Helmut 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMixed transition‐metal ferrites with the chemical formula MFe2O4 (M=Co, Ni), synthesized through an inverse co‐precipitation route, were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy and powder X‐ray diffraction, which demonstrate phase‐pure compounds with particle sizes of about 100 nm. Cyclic voltammetry investigations in lithium half‐cells revealed a difference between the first cycle and the following charge–discharge cycles, which is characteristic for conversion‐type electrode systems. To understand the mechanism of the electrochemical reaction in the first cycle, in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy was performed during cycling at a charge–discharge rate of C/10. During the first discharge process, the crystalline Co and Ni ferrites undergo reduction. A coexistence of binary metal oxides (CoO/NiO and Fe2O3) and metallic phases were observed during the discharge. At the end of discharge, only the existence of metallic nanoclusters was observed. In the subsequent charging process, Fe was found to undergo complete oxidation in both ferrites. In contrast, almost 60 % of the Co or Ni remained in the metallic state at the end of the charge (end of first cycle). This incomplete oxidation of Co and Ni in the applied voltage range could be the main reason behind the irreversible capacity loss and low coulombic efficiency often reported for these conversion electrode systems.
Phosphorus Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Graphene Scrolls as a High‐Performance Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Pei Longkai , Zhao Qing , Chen Chengcheng , Liang Jing , Chen Jun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTwo composites of phosphorus nanoparticles encapsulated in graphene scrolls (P‐G) and phosphorus nanoparticles loaded on planar graphene sheets (P/G) were successfully prepared and applied as anodes for sodium‐ion batteries. Phosphorus nanoparticles (ca. 100–150 nm) were firstly obtained from commercial red phosphorus by using a simple flotation method. P‐G composites with different phosphorus contents (38.6, 52.2, and 62.1 %) were synthesized through a quick‐freezing process. In addition, the P/G composite with a phosphorus content of 50.8 % was prepared for comparison purposes. As a result, the P‐G composites showed a better performance than the P/G composite. Moreover, the P‐G composite with a phosphorus content of 52.2 % showed the best performance, delivering a capacity of 2355 mAh g−1 in the second cycle and 2172 mAh g−1 after 150 cycles at 250 mA g−1 (with a capacity retention of 92.3 %).