bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant Loss of Dickkopf‐3 in Gastric Cancer: Can It Predict Lymph Node Metastasis Preoperatively?
Authors: Park Joong‐Min , Kim Mi Kyung , Chi Kyong‐Choun , Kim Jae Hyung , Lee Sang‐Hoon , Lee Eun‐Ju 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundDickkopf‐3 (DKK3) may act as a tumor suppressor as it is down‐regulated in various types of cancer. This study assessed the DKK3 protein expression in gastric cancer and its potential value as a prognostic marker.
MethodsDKK3 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 158 gastric cancer samples from patients who underwent gastrectomy from 2002 to 2008. Clinicopathological parameters and survival data were analyzed.
ResultsLoss of DKK3 expression was found in 64 of 158 (40.5 %) samples, and it was associated with advanced T stage (p < 0.001), lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001), UICC TNM stage (p < 0.001), tumor location (p = 0.029), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.035), and perineural invasion (p = 0.032). Patients without DKK3 expression in tumor cells had a significantly worse disease‐free and overall survival than those with DKK3 expression (p < 0.001, and p = 0.001, respectively). TNM stage (p = 0.028 and p < 0.001, respectively) and residual tumor (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively) were independent predictors of disease‐free and overall survival. Based on the preoperative clinical stage assessed by computed tomography (CT), loss of DKK3 expression was predominantly associated with worse prognosis in patients with clinically node‐negative advanced gastric cancer (AGC). The combination of DKK3 expression status and CT increased the accuracy of CT staging for predicting lymph node involvement from 71.5 to 80.0 % in AGC patients.ConclusionLoss of DKK3 protein expression was significantly associated with poor survival in patients with gastric cancer and was strongly correlated with the TNM stage. DKK3 might be a potential biomarker of lymph node involvement that can improve the predictive power of CT.
High‐throughput DNA barcoding for ecological network studies
Authors: Toju Hirokazu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe network theoretical framework of ecological community studies is expected to promote not only the basic understanding of ecological and coevolutionary dynamics but also the application of those scientific insights into ecosystem management. However, our knowledge of ecological network architecture in the wild largely stems from empirical studies on macro‐organismal systems such as those of plant–pollinator, plant–seed disperser, and prey–predator interactions. In this sense, we have remained ignorant of the diversity of ecological network architecture, its underlying assembly processes, and its consequences on ecological and coevolutionary dynamics. In this paper, I discuss how the high‐throughput DNA barcoding of microbes, especially that based on next‐generation sequencing, potentially expands the target of ecological network studies. I review the methodological platforms of next‐generation sequencing‐based analyses of microbe–host animal/plant networks and then introduce some case studies on the networks of plants and their hyper‐diverse fungal symbionts. As those preliminary studies are uncovering the unexpected diversity of ecological network architecture, further application of such next‐generation sequencing‐based analyses to a diverse array of microbial systems will significantly improve our views on community ecological and coevolutionary processes.
All the Pain Along with All the Joy: Spiritual Resilience in Lesbian and Gay Christians
Authors: Foster Kirk A. , Bowland Sharon E. , Vosler Anne Nancy 
Published: January 2015

AbstractResilience among lesbian and gay (LG) Christians has received limited attention. We present results from a qualitative study of 27 LG Christians, for whom religion had high salience. The study explored the process of integrating sexual orientation with spirituality. Moving from recognition of incongruence between faith and sexual orientation to integration was found to be a resilience‐building process. Through descriptive and process approaches, we identified three primary pathways individuals used to integrate their faith and sexual orientation: transforming theological meaning; finding a safe‐enough congregation; and finding an affirming congregation. Some worked for social justice within congregations as part of the resilience‐building process. We discuss important decision points for LG Christians that included critical evaluation of extant and potential support systems, redefining scripture and tradition, and transforming communities. A model for LG Christian Spiritual Resilience is presented.
Portable Infrared Spectrometer to Characterize and Differentiate Between Organic and Conventional Bovine Butter
Authors: Plans Pujolras Marçal , Ayvaz Huseyin , Shotts Mei‐Ling , Pittman Richard A. , Herringshaw Sarah , Rodriguez‐Saona Luis E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe performance of a portable infrared system combined with pattern recognition to discriminate between organically and conventionally produced bovine butter samples as well as to predict the levels of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) were evaluated. Sixty butter (27 organic and 33 conventional) samples were used in this study. Bovine butter–fat were applied onto an attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR‐IR) accessory equipped with a five‐bounce ZnSe crystal set at 65 °C for spectral collection. In addition, ATR‐IR spectra of bovine butter were directly collected at room temperature to avoid phase separation. The fatty acid profile and the levels of CLA were determined using reference FAME‐GC‐FID analysis. SIMCA models showed well separated clusters that discriminated between organic and conventional bovine butters due to C=C trans bending out of the plane vibration modes band at 967 cm−1. Additionally, strong PLSR models were developed to predict CLA levels using butter–fat and bovine butter spectra with SEP of 0.05 % and RPD of 4.7, indicating that the models are suitable for quality control applications. Portable IR technology offers the ability for “in situ” analysis of butters that is much less time consuming than current analytical practices for authentication and quality control efforts by the industry.
Geographic Migration of Black and White Families Over Four Generations
Authors: Sharkey Patrick 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This article analyzes patterns of geographic migration of black and white American families over four consecutive generations. The analysis is based on a unique set of questions in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) asking respondents about the counties and states in which their parents and grandparents were raised. Using this information along with the extensive geographic information available in the PSID survey, the article tracks the geographic locations of four generations of family members and considers the ways in which families and places are linked together over the course of a family’s history. The patterns documented in the article are consistent with much of the demographic literature on the Great Migration of black Americans out of the South, but they reveal new insights into patterns of black migration after the Great Migration. In the most recent generation, black Americans have remained in place to a degree that is unique relative to the previous generation and relative to whites of the same generation. This new geographic immobility is the most pronounced change in black Americans’ migration patterns after the Great Migration, and it is a pattern that has implications for the demography of black migration as well as the literature on racial inequality.
Amyloid PET imaging: applications beyond Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Catafau Ana M. , Bullich Santiago 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
As a biomarker of beta-amyloid, positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid imaging offers a unique opportunity to detect the presence of this protein in the human body during life. Besides Alzheimer’s disease (AD), deposits of beta-amyloid in the brain are also present in other neurodegenerative diseases associated to dementia, such as Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies, as well as in other processes affecting brain function, such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy, brain trauma, Down’s syndrome and meningiomas, as shown by post-mortem pathology studies. Furthermore, in systemic amyloidosis other organs besides the brain are affected, and amyloid PET imaging may be suitable for the identification of these extra-cerebral amyloid depositions. Finally, the potential use of amyloid PET tracer accumulation in cerebral white matter (WM) as a marker of myelin is being investigated, leading to some promising results in patients with WM lesions and multiple sclerosis. In this article, a review of the ongoing research pointing to a broader application of amyloid PET imaging in clinical practice beyond AD is provided.
A comparison of propofol target controlled infusion‐based and sevoflurane‐based anesthesia in adults undergoing elective anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
Authors: Lin Ching‐Kuo , Feng Yu‐Tung , Hwang Shiuh‐Lin , Lin Chih‐Lung , Lee King‐Teh , Cheng Kuang‐I 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe target controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol with fentanyl facilitates easy titration of the depth of anesthesia, and thereby may improve the quality of anesthesia. The aim of this study is to investigate if propofol TCI‐based anesthesia is practical for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), one of the most common surgical interventions in spine procedures, when compared with sevoflurane‐based anesthesia with respect to the quality of anesthesia. Patients were classified into two groups according to the anesthesia regimen of maintenance of anesthesia with fentanyl and either propofol TCI (group FP) or inhalational sevoflurane (group FS), respectively. The primary endpoint was to evaluate quality of anesthesia and extubation time. Secondary endpoints were hemodynamic stability during the operation, operative fentanyl consumption, and postoperative complications. The study results revealed there were comparable results on time to extubation, changes in intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, and the occurrence of postoperative complications between the groups. No differences in average length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay and hospital stay were noticed. However, opioid consumption and blood loss during the operation for patients in group FP were significantly higher than those of patients in group FS (551.28 ± 193.98 vs. 446.86 ± 177.15 μg, p = 0.005; 52.06 ± 58.25 vs. 28.33 ± 40.74 mL, p = 0.019, respectively). In these adult patients undergoing ACDF, propofol TCI‐based anesthesia appears to be as efficacious as sevoflurane‐based anesthesia but consumed more fentanyl and experienced higher blood loss.
Surgical Site Infection after Renal Transplantation
Authors: Harris Anthony D. , Fleming Brandon , Bromberg Jonathan S. , Rock Peter , Nkonge Grace , Emerick Michele , Harris-Williams Michelle , Thom Kerri A. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECTIVETo identify factors associated with the development of surgical site infection (SSI) among adult patients undergoing renal transplantationDESIGNA retrospective cohort studySETTINGAn urban tertiary care center in Baltimore, Maryland, with a well-established renal transplantation program that performs ~200–250renal transplant procedures annuallyRESULTSAt total of 441 adult patients underwent renal transplantation between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2011. Of these 441patients, 66 (15%) developed an SSI; of these 66, 31 (47%) were superficial incisional infections and 35 (53%) were deep-incisional or organ-space infections. The average body mass index (BMI) among this patient cohort was 29.7; 84 (42%) were obese (BMI >30). Patients who developed an SSI had a greater mean BMI (31.7 vs 29.4; P=.004) and were more likely to have a history of peripheral vascular disease, rheumatologic disease, and narcotic abuse. History of cerebral vascular disease was protective. Multivariate analysis showed BMI (odds ratio [OR] 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.11) and past history of narcotic use/abuse (OR, 4.86; 95% CI, 1.24–19.12) to be significantly associated with development of SSI after controlling for National Healthcare Surveillance Network (NHSN) score and presence of cerebrovascular, peripheral vascular, and rheumatologic disease.CONCLUSIONSWe identified higher BMI as a risk factor for the development of SSI following renal transplantation. Notably, neither aggregate comorbidity scores nor NHSN risk index were associated with SSI in this population. Additional risk adjustment measures and research in this area are needed to compare SSIs across transplant centers.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–7
Minimal-energy perturbations rapidly approaching the edge state in Couette flow
Authors: Cherubini S. , De Palma P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTransition to turbulence in shear flows is often subcritical, thus the dynamics of the flow strongly depends on the shape and amplitude of the perturbation of the laminar state. In the state space, initial perturbations which directly relaminarize are separated from those that go through a chaotic trajectory by a hypersurface having a very small number of unstable dimensions, known as the edge of chaos. Even for the simple case of plane Couette flow in a small domain, the edge of chaos is characterized by a fractal, folded structure. Thus, the problem of determining the threshold energy to trigger subcritical transition consists in finding the states on this complex hypersurface with minimal distance (in the energy norm) from the laminar state. In this work we have investigated the minimal-energy regions of the edge of chaos, by developing a minimization method looking for the minimal-energy perturbations capable of approaching the edge state (within a prescribed tolerance) in a finite target time $T$. For sufficiently small target times, the value of the minimal energy has been found to vary with $T$ following a power law, whose best fit is given by $E_{min}\propto T^{-1.75}$. For large values of $T$, the minimal energy achieves a constant value which corresponds to the energy of the minimal seed, namely the perturbation of minimal energy asymptotically approaching the edge state (Rabin et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 738, 2012, R1). For $T\geqslant 40$, all of the symmetries of the edge state are broken and the minimal perturbation appears to be localized in space with a basic structure composed of scattered patches of streamwise velocity with inclined streamwise vortices on their flanks. Finally, we have found that minimal perturbations originate in a small low-energy zone of the state space and follow very fast similar trajectories towards the edge state. Such trajectories are very different from those of linear optimal disturbances, which need much higher initial amplitudes to approach the edge state. The time evolution of these minimal perturbations represents the most efficient path to subcritical transition for Couette flow.
Critical and near-critical reflections of near-inertial waves off the sea surface at ocean fronts
Authors: Grisouard Nicolas , Thomas Leif N. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn a balanced oceanic front, the possible directions of the group velocity vector for internal waves depart from the classic Saint Andrew’s cross as a consequence of sloping isopycnals and the associated thermal wind shear. However, for waves oscillating at the Coriolis frequency $f$, one of these directions remains horizontal, while the other direction allows for vertical propagation of energy. This implies the existence of critical reflections from the ocean surface, after which wave energy, having propagated from below, cannot propagate back down. This is similar to the reflection of internal waves, propagating in a quiescent medium, from a bottom that runs parallel to the group velocity vector. We first illustrate this phenomenon with a series of linear Boussinesq numerical experiments on waves with various frequencies, ${\it\omega}$, exploring critical (${\it\omega}=f$), forward (${\it\omega}>f$), and backward (${\it\omega}<f$) reflections. We then conduct the nonlinear equivalents of these simulations. In agreement with the classical case, backward reflection inhibits triadic resonances and does not exhibit prominent nonlinear effects, while forward reflection shows strong generation of harmonics that radiate energy away from the surface. Surprisingly though, critical reflections are associated with oscillatory motions that extend down from the surface. These motions are not freely propagating waves but instead take the form of a cluster of non-resonant triads which decays with depth through friction.
The turbulent/non-turbulent interface in an inclined dense gravity current
Authors: Krug Dominik , Holzner Markus , Lüthi Beat , Wolf Marc , Kinzelbach Wolfgang , Tsinober Arkady 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe present an experimental investigation of entrainment and the dynamics near the turbulent/non-turbulent interface in a dense gravity current. The main goal of the study is to investigate changes in the interfacial physics due to the presence of stratification and to examine their impact on the entrainment rate. To this end, three-dimensional data sets of the density and the velocity fields are obtained through a combined scanning particle tracking velocimetry/laser-induced fluorescence approach for two different stratification levels with inflow Richardson numbers of $\mathit{Ri}_{0}=0.23$ and $\mathit{Ri}_{0}=0.46$, respectively, at a Reynolds number around $\mathit{Re}_{0}=3700$. An analysis conditioned on the instantaneous position of the turbulent/non-turbulent interface as defined by a threshold on enstrophy reveals an interfacial region that is in many aspects independent of the initial level of stratification. This is reflected most prominently in matching peaks of the gradient Richardson number $\mathit{Ri}_{g}\approx 0.1$ located approximately $10{\it\eta}$ from the position of the interface inside the turbulent region, where ${\it\eta}=({\it\nu}^{3}/{\it\epsilon})^{1/4}$ is the Kolmogorov scale, and ${\it\nu}$ and ${\it\epsilon}$ denote the kinematic viscosity and the rate of turbulent dissipation, respectively. A possible explanation for this finding is offered in terms of a cyclic evolution in the interaction of stratification and shear involving the buildup of density and velocity gradients through inviscid amplification and their subsequent depletion through molecular effects and pressure. In accordance with the close agreement of the interfacial properties for the two cases, no significant differences were found for the local entrainment velocity, $v_{n}$ (defined as the propagation velocity of an enstrophy isosurface relative to the fluid), at different initial stratification levels. Moreover, we find that the baroclinic torque does not contribute significantly to the local entrainment velocity. Comparing results for the surface area of the convoluted interface to estimates from fractal scaling theory, we identify differences in the interface geometry as the major factor in the reduction of the entrainment rate due to density stratification.
Tramadol-related psychosis in a patient with bipolar I disorder
Authors: Chen Kuan-Jen , Lu Mong-Liang , Shen Winston W. 
Published: January 2015

IntroductionTramadol hydrochloride (HCl) is a centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic. Psychotic symptoms are relatively rare in reported adverse events. Here, we report a patient who presented with tramadol-related psychotic symptoms.CaseA 59-year-old female had underlying bipolar I disorder and received lithium treatment with stable affective status. 1 month before hospitalisation, she had been taking tramadol HCl/acetaminophen for joint pain. She then developed obvious persecutory delusion. However, her clinical picture did not meet the criteria of any mood episode. After treatment of risperidone in addition to lithium, she was discharged without any psychotic symptom. She remained euthymic without any psychotic symptom on monotherapy of lithium (300 mg) three tablets once daily.ConclusionsTramadol HCl is commonly prescribed in clinical practice and psychotic symptoms related to it are uncommon. We should be careful about the rare but important adverse events while prescribing tramadol HCl.
A new elasmosaurid from the early Maastrichtian of Angola and the implications of girdle morphology on swimming style in plesiosaurs
Authors: Araújo R. , Polcyn M.J. , Schulp A.S. , Mateus O. , Jacobs L.L. , Gonçalves A. Olímpio , Morais M.-L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe report here a new elasmosaurid from the early Maastrichtian at Bentiaba, southern Angola. Phylogenetic analysis places the new taxon as the sister taxon toStyxosaurus snowii, and that clade as the sister of a clade composed of (Hydrotherosaurus alexandrae(Libonectes morgani+Elasmosaurus platyurus)). The new taxon has a reduced dorsal blade of the scapula, a feature unique amongst elasmosaurids, but convergent with cryptoclidid plesiosaurs, and indicates a longitudinal protraction-retraction limb cycle rowing style with simple pitch rotation at the glenohumeral articulation. Morphometric phylogenetic analysis of the coracoids of 40 eosauropterygian taxa suggests that there was a broad range of swimming styles within the clade.
The relationship between fermented food intake and mortality risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Netherlands cohort
Authors: Praagman Jaike , Dalmeijer Geertje W. , van der Schouw Yvonne T. , Soedamah-Muthu Sabita S. , Monique Verschuren W. M. , Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita H. , Geleijnse Johanna M. , Beulens Joline W. J. 
Published: January 2015

The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between total and subtypes of bacterial fermented food intake (dairy products, cheese, vegetables and meat) and mortality due to all causes, total cancer and CVD. From the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition-Netherlands cohort, 34 409 Dutch men and women, aged 20–70 years who were free from CVD or cancer at baseline, were included. Baseline intakes of total and subtypes of fermented foods were measured with a validated FFQ. Data on the incidence and causes of death were obtained from the national mortality register. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyse mortality in relation to the quartiles of fermented food intake. After a mean follow-up of 15 (sd2·5) years, 2436 deaths occurred (1216 from cancer and 727 from CVD). After adjustment for age, sex, total energy intake, physical activity, education level, hypertension, smoking habit, BMI, and intakes of fruit, vegetables and alcohol, total fermented food intake was not found to be associated with mortality due to all causes (hazard ratio upperv. lowest quartile (HRQ4 v. Q1) 1·00, 95 % CI 0·88, 1·13), cancer (HRQ4 v. Q11·02, 95 % CI 0·86, 1·21) or CVD (HRQ4 v. Q11·04, 95 % CI 0·83, 1·30). Bacterial fermented foods mainly consisted of fermented dairy foods (78 %) and cheese (16 %). None of the subtypes of fermented foods was consistently related to mortality, except for cheese which was moderately inversely associated with CVD mortality, and particularly stroke mortality (HRQ4 v. Q10·59, 95 % CI 0·38, 0·92,Ptrend= 0·046). In conclusion, the present study provides no strong evidence that intake of fermented foods, particularly fermented dairy foods, is associated with mortality.