bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Invited) The Role of Carbon in Enabling Stable Solid State Batteries
Authors: Liu Ping 
Published: August 2024

Carbonaceous materials are widely used as the anode materials in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. In that context, they serve as the host for lithium ions. Their structural stability and limited volume changes underpin the long-term stability of the batteries. In solid-state batteries, however, their roles have evolved. With the focus on raising cell energy density and the promise of stable operation of lithium metal due to the absence of organic solvent, carbon has not been widely studied as an anode material. Unfortunately, the promise of lithium metal has encountered significant challenges: it chemical reacts with virtually all known solid state electrolytes; lithium also grows dendrites which can eventually lead to shorting; the stripping of lithium is also often inhomogeneous which had led to void formation at the interface. To address these challenges, carbonaceous materials have been reintroduced.
In this talk, we overview several applications of carbonaceous materials in solid state batteries. We have shown that graphite can be engineered as a 3D host for lithium deposition. Lithiated graphite becomes lithiophilic with low nucleation barrier for lithium metal deposition. The voids between the graphite particles can accomodate lithium metal. As a result, the critical current density and cycling stability of both full cells and symmetric cells have greatly improved. We note that in this context, the anode is essentially a graphite electrode that experiences intentional overlithiation.
In a second application, we show that carbon can serve as an effective interlayer between lithium and the solid electrolyte. This interlayer reduces the side reaction between lithium and the electrolyte, thus greatly improving the cycle life and coulombic efficiency. It is rather surprising that upon lithiation, the interlayer enables lithium transport and preferential lithium deposition at the carbon/lithium interface, rather than the carbon/electrolyte interface. This desirable outcome is observed despite the fact that the interlayer itself is electrically conducting. We studied a wide variety of carbon materials in terms of surface area, crystal structure, and defect density. With the optimized carbon material, critical current densities of over 30 mA/cm2 have been observed. The mechanism of lithium transport will be discussed along with the design criteria for using carbon as an effective mixed electron and ion conductor.
(Invited) 3D Carbon-Based Hierarchical Electrodes for Energy Storage
Authors: Lu Jennifer , Chiovoloni Samuel , Ashworth Austin , Onffroy Philip , Yao Bin , Saccone Max , DeSimone Joseph , Li Yat 
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Carbon-based 3D hierarchical electrodes with appropriate spatial distributions of pores are expected to empower rapid and controllable electrochemical reactions. The ability to fabricate such an electrode, with tunable geometries comprised of continuous nano- and micro-conduits, allows simultaneous optimization of conversion capacity as well as reaction rate. Such manufacturability holds great potential to redefine the future of energy storage, electrocatalysis and chemical production for a sustainable future.
In this presentation, I will outline two convergent strategies that involve the integration of additive manufacturing with several decades of advancements in nanomaterials synthesis, coupled with conventional pyrolysis – for creating such electrodes. The primary structure of 3D carbon-based electrodes was fabricated by either direct 3D writing, or the transition metal assisted pyrolysis of 3D-printed polymer templates. The secondary structure was established by employing bottom-up synthesis approaches: (a) SiO2 nanoparticle templates to create nanoscopic porous structures or (b) nanochannels formed through direct growth of carbon nanotubes. We have demonstrated that the primary and secondary structures can be formed by a single step. After monolithic integration of a tertiary structure to reveal sites for electrochemical conversion, these 3D architected electrodes offer impressive charge storage capacities while maintain excellent rate capability.
By exploiting the short mass diffusion lengths, we have demonstrated that the new energy storage devices can operate at temperatures as low as -70°C without the requirement of a heater. Furthermore, the incorporation of a high loading of active materials in our 3D electrodes allows for concurrent enhancement of both energy density and power density. These scalable fabrication protocols address two critical challenges – sluggish mass transfer in 3D and the lack of accessible active sites, thereby offering a pathway to harness electrochemical reactions in 3D. This work offers an adaptable solution across a broad spectrum of industries.
(Invited) Engineering Local Chemical Environments for Efficient Aqueous Energy Storage Systems
Authors: Lukatskaya Maria 
Published: August 2024

Electrochemical energy storage is vital as we transition towards sustainable energy sources. Energy storage systems must meet performance criteria related to energy and power density, safety, and cost. Battery metrics optimization depends on the end-application of the energy storage device. Selection of energy storage device components, such as electrode materials and electrolytes, directly affects performance metrics. The local chemical environment of these components can impact the transport of ions, charge transfer reactions, and stability. As such, understanding the role of local chemical environments is vital in developing next-generation energy storage technologies.
This talk will discuss the importance of local chemical environments in sustainable energy technologies. We will explore how optimizing the chemical properties of electrode materials and electrolytes can improve energy storage system performance metrics, and how this can lead to more sustainable and environmentally friendly energy solutions.
Evolution-Based Screening of Fluorescent SWCNT Nanosensors
Authors: Jeong Sanghwa 
Published: August 2024

The functionalization of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has proven to be a versatile platform for the development of biosensors targeting small molecules, proteins, and environmental factors. In this study, we introduce a novel and generic strategy that utilizes random single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) libraries to evolve synthetic molecular recognition on the surface of SWCNTs.
Building upon our previous successes, we present the evolution of molecular recognition, specifically targeting the neuromodulator serotonin. This evolution is achieved through a combination of directed evolution and machine learning-based prediction, focusing on the iterative optimization process to enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of ssDNA-SWCNT nanosensors.
In addition to neurotransmitter sensing, we extend the application of our evolved random ssDNA-SWCNT complexes to the development of cancer cell-targeting biosensors. Through positive selection, these complexes can be tailored to recognize and bind selectively to cancer cells. Simultaneously, negative selection ensures minimal interaction with normal cells. Those results showcase the broad applicability of our approach, suggesting that the elaborate functionalization of SWCNTs with specific ssDNA sequences can be universally employed for the rapid and convenient fabrication of novel biosensors and artificial antibodies. This research represents a significant step towards the development of highly specific and efficient nanosensors for diverse biomedical applications.
(Invited) An in Vitro Model of Mechanical Strain Enhances Cellular Uptake of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Nadeem Aceer , Li Anna , Roxbury Daniel , Jaworski David , Constantinou Iordania 
Published: August 2024

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are ideal optical biosensors due to their intrinsic near-infrared (NIR) emission, which is highly sensitive, easily tunable, and indefinitely photostable. Due to such desirable properties coupled with appropriate functionalization strategies, SWCNTs have been used in numerous in vitro, live-cell, and in vivo applications. Depending on the type of functionalization as well as cell type, SWCNTs can be internalized by live cells via demonstrated energy-dependent endocytosis processes where they are retained within the endosomal pathway or are expelled by the cells. While this uptake and intracellular processing of SWCNTs has been recently examined, these studies are usually performed with standard cell culture techniques in petri dishes or 3D cultures. Unlike these cultures, cells in living organisms are continuously exposed to a wide variety of stimuli, e.g., periodic mechanical strain, during both normal and disease-related conditions. Thus, it is important to investigate how cells under physiological stretching compare to those grown in standard cultures. Herein, using a novel cell stretching platform to mimic physiological conditions, we investigate the uptake of SWCNTs into different human cancer cells.
Our results indicate that cells exposed to uniform radial stretching display significantly higher rates of nanoparticle uptake, which can be correlated to their increased level of cellular activity. This approach recognizes the importance of studying cellular responses in environments that more closely resemble the complex conditions found in living organisms. It suggests a potential connection between mechanical stimuli and cellular processes related to SWCNT uptake. This finding has implications for understanding how nanotube uptake differs in different cellular stress environments and how cells respond to their dynamic and ever-changing microenvironment.
Investigating how the mechanical strain influences the endocytosis processes and subsequent intracellular fate of SWCNTs can provide valuable insights into the interplay between nanomaterials and living cells under more realistic conditions. Further aiding us in the development of more accurate intracellular biosensors and effective drug delivery platforms using SWCNTs.
(Invited) Defect Photoluminescence Generation in Boron Nitride Nanotubes by Chemical Functionalization Approaches
Authors: Shiraki Tomohiro , Saito Rioe , Nishinakama Hiroki , Ryu Sumin , Saeki Hayato , Tanaka Naoki , Harano Koji , Fujigaya Tsuyohiko 
Published: August 2024

Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are structural analogues of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). They have nanocylindrical structures composed of rolled-up hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) sheets. The BN framework consists of alternately connecting boron and nitrogen atoms with sp2 hybridization. Therein, a strong covalent bond with an ionic character is formed due to their electronegativity difference. Accordingly, BNNTs exhibit unique properties such as high mechanical strength, thermal stability, and a wide bandgap semiconducting feature [1]. The large bandgap (ca. 6 eV) is less dependent on tube diameters and chiralities, and optical absorption and emission for pristine tubes occur in deep UV regions (around 200 nm) based on the band edge transition. In typical BNNT samples, however, atomic vacancies in the BN framework are reported to provide longer wavelength photoluminescence (PL) in UV–vis regions [2].
To date, chemical functionalization of single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) have been developed to create luminescent defects emitting red-shifted and bright near-infrared PL [3-6]. In this study, we use the chemical functionalization method to produce luminescent defects in BNNTs [7].
A reductive alkylation reaction for BNNTs was conducted using sodium naphthalenide and 1-bromohexane to synthesize hexylated BNNTs (h-BNNTs). In a PL spectrum of h-BNNTs, PL peaks appeared at 334 and 413 nm, which were not observed for unmodified BNNTs. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the hexyl group was covalently attached on the boron site of BNNTs, by which sp3 hybridized boron atoms were partly formed in the BN network as defects. The covalent attachment of the hexyl group was also confirmed by atomic-resolution transmission electron microscope observations. Chemical reaction conditions were found to be a key factor for the emission wavelength variations of the resultant defect PL. Therefore, it is revealed that the luminescent defect formation in BNNTs is achieved based on the chemical functionalization approach. The functionalized BNNTs would be applicable to advanced optical applications such as quantum light sources.
[1] D. Golberg et al. ACS Nano,4, 2979 (2010). [2] L. Museur et al. J. Appl. Phys., 118, 084305 (2015). [3] T. Shiraki et al. Acc. Chem. Res., 53, 1846 (2020). [4] B. Gifford et al. Acc. Chem. Res., 53, 1791 (2020). [5] A. H. Brozena et al. Nat. Rev. Chem. 3, 375 (2019). [6] J. Zaumseil. Adv. Opt. Mater. 10, 2101576 (2022). [7] T. Shiraki et al. Chem. Lett. 52, 44 (2023).

Figure 1
(Invited) Analytical Super-Resolution Microscopy Approaches for the Morphological Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Heterogeneity
Authors: Lambert Benjamin Paul , Nandi Somen , Kerkhof Hadrien , Cognet Laurent 
Published: August 2024

The ability to determine the shape, size and orientation of fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes is critical for a plethora of applications. Yet the heterogeneity of the nanotube samples is often overlooked due to the lack of investigation approaches which may impact the obtained results. Although techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) could be used to this extent, they require heavy instrumentation and analysis, and do not necessarily allow the temporal and in situ characterization of the samples. On the other hand, super resolution microscopy (SRM) approaches can be used to determine the structure of fluorescent nano-objects with high precision while retaining the possibility to perform in situ studies. In particular, analytical SRM approaches are particularly interesting as they rely only on post-processing and do not require any specific optical component.
In this context, we study the performances of three analytical SRM approaches for the determination of SWCNT shape, size and orientation. Using correlative microscopy between optical and AFM approaches this study provides an in-depth comparison of the performances of analytical SRM approaches for the morphological characterization of individual SWCNTs.
B.P. Lambert et al., in preparation
(Invited) Triplet Excitons in sp3-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Optically-Detected Magnetic Resonance
Authors: De Sousa Jesus Alejandro , Settele Simon , Goovaerts Etienne , Zaumseil Jana , Crivillers Nuria , Cambre Sofie 
Published: August 2024

Controlled sp3-functionalization of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has become a common route to enhance their emission efficiency [1], indispensable for their integration in various applications.[2] While a lot of research focused on the effect of the functionalization on the singlet excitons, little information is available on how the triplet excitons are affected by the creation of these sp3-defects along the CNT wall. Here we investigate such triplet excitons by optically detected magnetic resonance, a technique combining the sensitivity of emission spectroscopy with magnetic resonance transitions between the triplet sublevels in an external applied magnetic field. We preform ODMR experiments on a series of samples with different functionalization density and functional groups, and find significant differences in zero-field splitting, ODMR intensity and triplet spin density distribution. While pristine SWCNTs hold triplet excitons with a purely axial symmetry and a zero-field splitting inversely proportional to the diameter of the SWCNT [3], the spin-density distribution of triplet excitons trapped in the sp3-defects changes significantly, losing the axial symmetry of the CNTs. Moreover, we will show how intersystem crossing can be tuned by changing the functional group that is attached to the SWCNT. These results show first steps towards exploiting sp3-functionalization to tune intersystem crossing in CNTs.
[1] Y. Piao et al, Nature Chem 5, 840 (2013)
[2] J. Zaumseil et al, Adv. Opt. Mater. 10, 2101576 (2022)
[3] I. Sudakov et al, ACS Nano 17, 2190 (2023)
Measuring Frailty Using Self‐Report or Automated Tools to Identify Risk of Cardiovascular Events and Mortality: The Million Veteran Program
Authors: Qazi Saadia , Seligman Benjamin , Preis Sarah R. , Rane Manas , Djousse Luc , Gagnon David R. , Wilson Peter W. F. , Gaziano J. Michael , Driver Jane A. , Cho Kelly , Orkaby Ariela R. ,   the Million Veteran Program (MVP)
Published: August 2024

Background
Frailty, a syndrome of physiologic vulnerability, increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Whether in person or automated frailty tools are ideal for identifying CVD risk remains unclear. We calculated 3 distinct frailty scores and examined their associations with mortality and CVD events in the Million Veteran Program, a prospective cohort of nearly 1 million US veterans.

Methods and Results
Veterans aged ≥50 years and enrolled from 2011 to 2018 were included. Two frailty indices (FI) based on the deficit accumulation theory were calculated: the questionnaire‐based 36‐item Million Veteran Program‐FI and 31‐item Veterans Affairs‐FI using claims data. We calculated Fried physical frailty using the self‐reported, 3‐item Study of Osteoporotic Fractures. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox models examined the association of frailty by each score with primary (all‐cause and CVD mortality) and secondary (myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure) outcomes. In 190 688 veterans (69±9 years, 94% male, 85% White), 33, 233 (17%) all‐cause and 10 115 (5%) CVD deaths occurred. Using Million Veteran Program‐FI, 29% were robust, 42% pre‐frail, and 29% frail. Frailty prevalence increased by age group (27% in 50‐59 to 42% in ≥90 years). Using the Million Veteran Program‐FI, over 6±2 years, frail veterans had a higher hazard of all‐cause (hazard ratio [HR], 3.05 [95% CI, 2.95–3.16]) and CVD mortality (HR, 3.65 [95% CI, 3.43–3.90]). Findings were concordant for the Veterans Affairs‐FI and Study of Osteoporotic Fractures frailty definitions, and remained significant even among younger veterans aged 50‐59 years.

Conclusions
Irrespective of frailty measure, frailty is associated with a higher risk of all‐cause mortality and adverse CVD events. Further study of frailty in veterans aged <60 years old is warranted.
Relative Cerebral Blood Flow as an Indirect Imaging Surrogate in Patients With Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion and Association of Baseline Characteristics With Poor Collateral Status
Authors: Salim Hamza Adel , Hamam Omar , Parilday Goksu , Moustafa Rawan A. , Ghandour Samir , Rutgers Moustafa , Sharara Muhanned , Cho Andrew , Mazumdar Ishan , Radmard Mahla , Shin Christopher , Montes Daniel , Malhotra Ajay , Romero Javier M. , Yedavalli Vivek 
Published: August 2024

Background
In acute ischemic stroke (AIS), collateral status (CS) is an important predictor of favorable outcomes in patients with AIS. Among quantitative cerebral perfusion parameters, relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) is considered an accurate perfusion‐based indicator of CS. This study investigated the relationship between admission laboratory values, baseline characteristics, and CS as assessed by rCBF in patients with AIS‐large vessel occlusion.

Methods and Results

In this retrospective multicenter study, consecutive patients presenting with AIS secondary to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion who underwent pretreatment computed tomography perfusion were included. The computed tomography perfusion data processed by RAPID (IschemaView, Menlo Park, CA) generated the rCBF. Binary logistic regression models assessed the relationship between patients' baseline characteristics, admission laboratory values, and poor CS. The primary outcome measure was the presence of poor CS, which was defined as rCBF <38% at a lesion size ≥27 mL. Between January 2017 and September 2022, there were 221 consecutive patients with AIS‐large vessel occlusion included in our study (mean age 67.0±15.8 years, 119 men [53.8%]). Logistic regression showed that male sex (odds ratio [OR], 2.98 [1.59–5.59];
P
=0.001), chronic kidney disease (OR, 5.18 [2.44–11.0];
P
<0.001), admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥12 (OR, 5.17 [2.36–11.36];
P
<0.001), and systolic blood pressure <140 (OR, 2.00 [1.07–3.76];
P
=0.030) were associated with poor CS.

Conclusions
Higher stroke severity on admission with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score ≥12, systolic blood pressure <140, chronic kidney disease, and male sex are statistically significantly associated with poor CS in patients with AIS due to anterior circulation large vessel occlusion as defined by rCBF <38%.
Periconceptional Dietary Quality and Metabolic Syndrome at 3 Years Postpartum
Authors: Bodnar Lisa M. , Jin Qianhui , Naimi Ashley I. , Simhan Hyagriv N. , Catov Janet M. , Parisi Sara M. , Kirkpatrick Sharon I. 
Published: August 2024

Background
The period around pregnancy is a critical window in the primordial prevention of cardiovascular disease, but little is known about the role of dietary patterns in cardiometabolic health. Our objective was to determine the association between alignment of periconceptional diet with the 2020 to 2025 Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the risk of metabolic syndrome.

Methods and Results
We used data from the Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: monitoring mothers‐to‐Be Heart Health Study, a pregnancy cohort study that followed pregnant participants to a median of 3 years postpartum (n=4423). Usual dietary intake in the 3 months around conception was estimated from a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Alignment with the Dietary Guidelines was measured using the Healthy Eating Index‐2020, where higher scores represent greater alignment. Postpartum metabolic syndrome was defined using the American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute guideline. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome at 3 years postpartum was 20%. After adjusting for confounders, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was flat up to a periconceptional Healthy Eating Index‐2020 total score of ≈60, and then declined steeply as scores increased. Compared with a Healthy Eating Index‐2020 score of 60, having scores of 70, 80, and 90 were associated with 2, 4, and 7 fewer cases of metabolic syndrome per 100 individuals, respectively (prevalence differences: −0.02 [95% CI, −0.03, 0]; −0.04 [−0.08, −0.1]; −0.07 [−0.13, −0.02]).

Conclusions
Dietary interventions around conception and systems‐level changes to support high diet quality may be important for improving postpartum cardiometabolic health, and helping to reverse or slow the decline in women's cardiometabolic health.