bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurosurgical injuries resulting from the 2011 tornados in Alabama: the experience at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center
Authors: Miller Joseph H. , Zywicke Holly A. , Fleming James B. , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Whisenhunt Thomas R. , Okor Mamerhi O. , Harrigan Mark R. , Pritchard Patrick R. , Hadley Mark N. 
Published: April 2013

Object
The April 27, 2011, tornados that affected the southeastern US resulted in 248 deaths in the state of Alabama. The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Medical Center, the largest Level I trauma center in the state, triaged and treated a large number of individuals who suffered traumatic injuries during these events, including those requiring neurosurgical assessment and treatment.

Methods
A retrospective review of all adult patients triaged at UAB Medical Center during the April 27, 2011, tornados was conducted. Those patients who were diagnosed with and treated for neurosurgical injuries were included in this cohort.

Results
The Division of Neurosurgery at UAB Medical Center received 37 consultations in the 36 hours following the tornado disaster. An additional patient presented 6 days later, having suffered a lumbar spine fracture that ultimately required operative intervention. Twenty-seven patients (73%) suffered injuries as a direct result of the tornados. Twenty-three (85%) of these 27 patients experienced spine and spinal cord injuries. Four patients (15%) suffered intracranial injuries and 2 patients (7%) suffered combined intracranial and spinal injuries. The spinal fractures that were evaluated and treated were predominantly thoracic (43.5%) and lumbar (43.5%). The neurosurgery service performed 14 spinal fusions, 1 ventriculostomy, 2 halo placements, 1 diagnostic angiogram, 1 endovascular embolectomy, and 1 wound debridement and lavage. Twenty-two patients (81.5%) were neurologically intact at discharge and all but 4 had 1 year of follow-up. Three patients had persistent deficits from spinal cord injuries and there was 1 death in a patient with multisystem injuries in whom no procedures were performed. Two patients experienced postoperative complications in the form of 1 wound infection and 1 stroke.

Conclusions
The April 27, 2011, tornados in Alabama produced significant neurosurgical injuries that primarily involved the spine. There were a disproportionate number of patients with thoracolumbar fractures, a finding possibly due to the county medical examiner's postmortem findings that demonstrated a high prevalence of fatal cervical spine and traumatic brain injuries. The UAB experience can be used to aid other institutions in preparing for the appropriate allotment of resources in the event of a similar natural disaster.
Phylogeny and origins of holoparasitism in Orobanchaceae
Authors: McNeal Joel R. , Bennett Jonathan R. , Wolfe Andrea D , Mathews Sarah 
Published: April 2013

• Premise: Orobanchaceae are a family of angiosperms that range from fully autotrophic and free‐living to completely heterotrophic and dependent on their hosts (holoparasites). Most of the ca. 2060 species are hemiparasites that photosynthesize throughout all or part of their life cycles. Certain family members are ecologically important due to direct impacts on community biomass and diversity, plant–herbivore interactions, and nutrient cycling. Other members are among the most economically damaging weeds in the world. Multiple trophic transitions within this family make it ideal for studying molecular evolutionary and physiological changes that accompany the evolution of parasitism.• Methods: To establish a phylogenetic framework for such work, we substantially increased taxonomic sampling at loci for which a significant amount of data already existed (nuclear ITS and PHYA, plastid matK and rps2) and added data from the low‐copy nuclear locus, PHYB.• Key results: The data provide strong support for relationships among six major clades and for the position of Brandisia hancei Hook. f. The positions of Boschniakia himalaica Hook. f. & Thomson, Centranthera cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr., Mannagettaea hummelii Harry Sm., and Pterygiella nigrescens Oliv. are confirmed or suggested for the first time.• Conclusions: There is a single origin of parasitism, and from within the hemiparasites, holoparasitism has originated three times. Moving from the base to the tips of the Orobanchaceae tree, the successive major splits within the parasitic clade are: Cymbarieae + the rest; Orobancheae + the rest; Brandisia + the rest; Rhinantheae + the rest; and Pedicularideae + Buchnereae.
Autoritarisme, politique symbolique et création musicale. Stratégies de légitimation symbolique dans le Mexique postrévolutionnaire et le Nigeria postcolonial
Authors: Velasco-Pufleau Luis 
Published: April 2013

Les stratégies de légitimation symbolique visent à maintenir un certain ordre social grâce à l’imaginaire et aux rituels qui instaurent ou sacralisent des temporalités et des mémoires. Après avoir proposé une nouvelle définition du concept de politique symbolique, cet article étudie l’utilisation de la création musicale au sein des stratégies de légitimation symbolique de deux régimes autoritaires postcoloniaux : le régime mexicain postrévolutionnaire durant les années 1930 et le régime militaire nigérian dans les années 1970. La comparaison entre ces deux pays se révèle extrêmement riche pour comprendre de quelle façon les processus de construction nationale conditionnent les stratégies de légitimation symbolique des régimes.
Autoritarisme et stratégies de légitimation dans le golfe Persique à l'heure du « Printemps arabe »
Authors: Valeri Marc 
Published: April 2013

Si la contestation populaire de l’ordre autoritaire qui a embrasé le monde arabe depuis la fin de l’année 2010 n’a pas épargné les monarchies du golfe Persique, ces dernières n’ont pas été amenées à entreprendre de changement politique d’envergure. Cet article analyse, dans une perspective comparée, les stratégies de légitimation non coercitives mises en œuvre par le Bahreïn (depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir du roi Hamad en 1999) et par le sultanat d’Oman pour consolider l’ordre politique en place. Une large place sera consacrée à l’éclairage que les événements du « Printemps arabe » apportent sur le fonctionnement interne de ces régimes et sur l’efficacité des stratégies de légitimation auxquelles il a été fait appel jusque-là.
Quod aliquando fuit, potest instaurari : parler latin au xvie siècle, une restitution en trompe-l’œil ?
Authors: Furno Martine 
Published: April 2013

La Renaissance a souhaité restituer l’Antiquité y compris dans une pratique de la langue orale, dans la vie quotidienne. On peut se demander cependant jusqu’à quel point cet idéal est réalisable à une époque où pour tous l’apprentissage de cette langue latine est celui d’une langue seconde. En effet, la prononciation, que les savants le déplorent ou le cachent, est fortement marquée par les vernaculaires des locuteurs et leurs accents respectifs ; et lorsqu’un pédagogue comme Mathurin Cordier veut restituer une langue quotidienne pour les enfants, force est de constater qu’il s’agit d’une langue scolaire, idiomatique, qui n’a de réalité qu’entre les murs du collège, signe de l’impossibilité de revenir à une pratique de locuteurs natifs.
Traduction et « conversion » des épîtres héroïdes d’Ovide à la Renaissance
Authors: Chiron Pascale 
Published: April 2013

Au xvie siècle, les Héroïdes d’Ovide, que ce soit par leurs traductions ou par leurs imitations, permettent de poser les questions qui sont au centre des préoccupations des humanistes et poètes français : la question de l’illustration de la langue française, celle du rapport entre la rhétorique et le lyrisme, celle du rapport entre la poésie et la morale, et enfin, la question du rapport entre le style et l’ethos du poète. En bref, Ovide, et ses « lettres d’amour » sont, à la Renaissance, les révélateurs d’une poésie et d’un champ littéraire en pleine mutation.
L’Antiquité comme miroir inverse des « misères de ce temps » : usages des références antiques dans la pensée politique du xvie siècle en France
Authors: Basset Bérengère 
Published: April 2013

Si l’Antiquité est constamment invoquée au xvie siècle dans les textes qui proposent une réflexion politique, elle se prête cependant à des emplois qui varient selon la situation dans laquelle les auteurs écrivent et les options qui sont les leurs. C’est ce que nous mesurerons à travers quelques exemples choisis (Budé, La Boétie, Montaigne). Notre article se focalise sur les « temps troublés » qui engagent une forme de nostalgie à l’égard de l’Antiquité. Pourtant le présent n’est jamais désarrimé de ce passé qui continue, au prix de déformations parfois, à avoir une action fécondante, au niveau collectif ou individuel. Restituer l’Antiquité devient alors le « processus intérieur » qui constitue selon Nietzsche « la vraie culture ».
Henry de Montherlant « entre les deux mondes » : la leçon des manuscrits (II)
Authors: Duroisin Pierre 
Published: April 2013

Cet article complète celui qui a paru sous le même titre dans le n° 16 d’Anabases. Un ensemble de manuscrits « Sur la religion » où Trajan et Tibère côtoient les érudits de la Renaissance nous aidera d’abord à mieux comprendre ce que recouvre le credo de Montherlant : « Absence de foi ; mais sympathie pour la religion, mêlée à amour pour le grand Pan ». Après quoi on reviendra au manuscrit de 1922 pour son volet Julien l’Apostat. Un volet presque entièrement constitué de notes de lecture relatives à Julien où surgit, comme par accident, le philosophe Peregrinos, en mémoire de qui l’écrivain publiera bientôt un essai intitulé, pour répondre au pamphlet homonyme de Lucien, La Mort de Peregrinos.
Seasonal dynamics of three coexisting aphid species: implications for estimating population variability
Authors: Lamb Robert J. , MacKay Patricia A. , Alyokhin Andrei 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSeasonal patterns of abundance and population variability were determined for Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and Aphis nasturtii (Kaltenbach) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in potato plots from weekly samples for 28 years. All species showed a single annual peak, but arrived and reached peak abundance at different times. Population variability (PV, a proportion between 0 and 1) for the week of peak abundance was close to that of other sample weeks and mean seasonal abundance. Based on mid-season abundance, PV of 0.76 for M. persicae differed significantly from 0.80 for A. nasturtii, as well as from 0.59 for M. euphorbiae. A weekly time scale for abundance, initiated at an early stage of plant growth, produced slightly different estimates of PV early and late in the season than a scale centred on peak abundance for each species. PV at the time of invasion differed from estimates for the rest of the summer. The annual abundance used to estimate PV was best determined in the context of aphid life history. Nevertheless, PV provided a robust and precise metric for comparing population variability among the three species, regardless of their seasonal patterns of abundance.
The Scavenger Receptor CD36 Downmodulates the Early Inflammatory Response while Enhancing Bacterial Phagocytosis during Pneumococcal Pneumonia
Authors: Sharif Omar , Matt Ulrich , Saluzzo Simona , Lakovits Karin , Haslinger Isabella , Furtner Tanja , Doninger Bianca , Knapp Sylvia 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
CD36 is a scavenger receptor that exhibits pleiotropic functions, including adhesion to thrombospondin, inhibition of angiogenesis, transport of long-chain fatty acids, and clearance of apoptotic cells. In addition, it has been implicated in the host immune response because it acts as a coreceptor for TLR2 and plays a role in Staphylococcus aureus infection. However, its role in other Gram-positive bacterial infections is unclear. In this study, using mice deficient in CD36, we sought to examine the role of CD36 in pneumococcal pneumonia, a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We show that CD36 is expressed on both alveolar macrophages and respiratory epithelial cells. Early in infection, CD36−/− mice have an exaggerated inflammatory response compared with wild-type littermate controls. In vitro studies using CD36−/− primary cells confirm the enhanced early inflammation in response to S. pneumoniae and its lipoteichoic acid, demonstrate that S. pneumoniae binds to cells via its phosphocholine residues, and suggest a role for CD36 in reducing inflammation induced by the phosphocholine residues of pneumococcal lipoteichoic acid. Later in infection, although CD36−/− mice exhibit impaired bacterial clearance, owing to a decreased capacity of CD36−/− macrophages to phagocytose S. pneumoniae, minor effects on mortality occur, in comparison with those in wild-type littermate control mice. These data show that CD36 contributes to the pulmonary host response during S. pneumoniae infection by virtue of its ability to act as a phagocytic receptor and as a modulator of the early innate immune response.
Critical Role of AZI2 in GM-CSF–Induced Dendritic Cell Differentiation
Authors: Fukasaka Masahiro , Ori Daisuke , Kawagoe Tatsukata , Uematsu Satoshi , Maruyama Kenta , Okazaki Toshihiko , Kozaki Tatsuya , Imamura Tomoko , Tartey Sarang , Mino Takashi , Satoh Takashi , Akira Shizuo , Takeuchi Osamu 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
TNFR-associated factor family member–associated NF-κB activator (TANK)–binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is critical for the activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 and type I IFN production upon virus infection. A set of TBK1-binding proteins, 5-azacytidine–induced gene 2 (AZI2; also known as NAP1), TANK, and TBK1-binding protein 1 (TBKBP1), have also been implicated in the production of type I IFNs. Among them, TANK was found to be dispensable for the responses against virus infection. However, physiological roles of AZI2 and TBKBP1 have yet to be clarified. In this study, we found that none of these TBK1-binding proteins is critical for type I IFN production in mice. In contrast, AZI2, but not TBKBP1, is critical for the differentiation of conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) from bone marrow cells in response to GM-CSF. AZI2 controls GM-CSF–induced cell cycling of bone marrow cells via TBK1. GM-CSF–derived DCs from AZI2-deficient mice show severe defects in cytokine production and T cell activation both in vitro and in vivo. Reciprocally, overexpression of AZI2 results in efficient generation of cDCs, and the cells show enhanced T cell activation in response to Ag stimulation. Taken together, AZI2 expression is critical for the generation of cDCs by GM-CSF and can potentially be used to increase the efficiency of immunization by cDCs.
Induction of Protective Antitumor Immunity through Attenuation of ERAAP Function
Authors: James Edward , Bailey Ian , Sugiyarto Gessa , Elliott Tim 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase associated with Ag processing, ERAAP, plays an important role in the trimming of antigenic peptides for presentation at the cell surface complexed with MHC class I molecules. Tumors express varying levels of ERAAP, highlighting a possible mechanism of immune-evasion through alteration of the peptide repertoire. Using the CT26 tumor model, we investigated the effects of ERAAP modulation on peptide presentation and the use of ERAAP inhibition as an antitumor therapy. We show that generation of the cross-protective tumor Ag GSW11 in the colorectal carcinoma CT26 is increased when ERAAP expression is reduced. BALB/c mice with reduced ERAAP expression challenged with CT26 induced protective immunity that was mediated by CD8+ T cells. This antitumor immunity also protected mice when rechallenged with wild-type CT26 tumor; strong CD8+ T cell responses to GSW11 were observed, despite its presentation being considerably lower. Furthermore, boosting the tumor immunogenicity through inhibition of ERAAP function with the small molecule inhibitor leucinethiol in vitro, or in established tumors in vivo, abrogated tumor growth and prolonged survival. Thus, our results highlight the promising possibility of using modulation of ERAAP to generate protective antitumor responses as a strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
Prevalence of brucellosis in dairy cattle from the main dairy farming regions of Eritrea
Authors: Scacchia Massimo , Di Provvido Andrea , Ippoliti Carla , Kefle Uqbazghi , Sebhatu Tesfaalem T. , D’Angelo Annarita , De Massis Fabrizio 
Published: April 2013

In order to get a reliable estimate of brucellosis prevalence in Eritrean dairy cattle, a cross-sectional study was carried out in 2009. The survey considered the sub-population of dairy cattle reared in modern small- and medium-sized farms. Samples were screened with the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and positive cases were confirmed with the complement fixation test (CFT). A total of 2.77%(417/15 049; Credibility Interval CI: 2.52% – 3.05%) of the animals tested in this study were positive for antibodies to Brucellaspecies, with a variable and generally low distribution of positive animals at regional level. The highest seroprevalence was found in the Maekel region (5.15%; CI: 4.58% – 5.80%), followed by the Debub (1.99%; CI: 1.59% – 2.50%) and Gash-Barka (1.71%; CI: 1.34% – 2.20%) regions. Seroprevalence at sub-regional levels was also generally low, except for two sub-regions of Debub and the sub-region Haicota from the Gash-Barka region. Seroprevalence was high and more uniformly distributed in the Maekel region, namely in the Asmara, Berik and Serejeka sub-regions. Considering the overall low brucellosis prevalence in the country, as identified by the present study, a brucellosis eradication programme for dairy farms using a test-and-slaughter policy would be possible. However, to encourage the voluntary participation of farmers to the programme and to raise their awareness of the risks related to the disease for animals and humans, an extensive public awareness campaign should be carefully considered, as well as strict and mandatory dairy movement control.
Ergonomia: estudo de caso em biblioteca universitária
Authors: Capri Daniela , Bahia Eliana Maria dos Santos , Pinto Adilson Luiz 
Published: April 2013

Buscou-se nesta pesquisa analisar a ergonomia real de uma Biblioteca Universitária de Florianópolis/SC e confrontá-la com a ergonomia percebida pelo usuário, para realização de um diagnóstico ergonômico. Os sujeitos pesquisados preencheram uma amostra de quinze pessoas, entre alunos da Biblioteca e funcionários do local. Com o intuito de atender este pontos, foram estabelecidos dois objetivos específicos: descrever os aspectos físico-ambientais da Biblioteca, vinculados à Ergonomia real e verificar a percepção dos usuários em relação à Biblioteca. Aspectos sobre Ergonomia e sua aplicação vinculados à Biblioteca Universitária. Analisaram-se as condições de iluminação, ruído e temperatura. Amparado por uma bibliografia, o presente estudo apresenta mercado de trabalho para o profissional de Arquivologia e Biblioteconomia.
Éthique des politiques d’immigration
Authors: Proulx Henri 
Published: April 2013

L’auteur propose une synthèse des arguments déontologiques dans le débat éthique sur les politiques d’immigration. Les arguments sont répartis entre obligations morales (cosmopolitiques, nationales ou privées) et droits universels (liberté de circulation, droit à l’autodétermination, droit de propriété). De cette synthèse sont tirées les conclusions que les politiques migratoires restrictives sont difficilement réconciliables avec les principes libéraux universels d’égalité et de non-discrimination ; que le droit des peuples à l’autodétermination serait le fondement le plus convaincant pour justifier de telles politiques ; et qu’en dernière analyse il revient au processus politique démocratique de trancher entre les différents argumentaires éthiques de ce débat.
Experiences and Perspectives of Adults Living With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Sutanto Bernadet , Singh‐Grewal Davinder , McNeil H. Patrick , O'Neill Sean , Craig Jonathan C. , Jones Julie , Tong Allison 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that significantly impairs patients' quality of life and can be life threatening. This study aimed to describe the experiences and perspectives of adults living with SLE.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies that explored the experiences of adults living with SLE. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL (to November week 1, 2012), Google Scholar, a thesis database, and reference lists of relevant articles.ResultsForty‐six studies involving 1,385 participants were included. Five themes were identified: restricted lifestyle (including subthemes of pervasive pain, debilitating fatigue, mental deterioration, disruptive episodic symptoms, and postponing parenthood), disrupted identity (gaining diagnostic closure, prognostic uncertainty, being a burden, hopelessness, heightened self‐consciousness, fearing rejection, and guilt and punishment), societal stigma and indifference (illness trivialization, socially ostracized, and averse to differential treatment), gaining resilience (optimism, control and empowerment, being informed and involved, and valuing mutual understanding), and treatment adherence (preserving health, rapport with clinicians, negotiating medication regimens, and financial burden).ConclusionSLE has a severe and pervasive impact on patients' self‐esteem and independence. Their physical and social functioning is limited and they feel anxious about their future. Patients perceive that SLE is trivialized, misunderstood, and stigmatized by their family, friends, and physicians, which intensifies their sense of isolation. Educational, psychosocial, and self‐care interventions are needed to promote mental resilience, positive coping strategies, self‐advocacy, and capacities for social participation, and thereby to achieve better treatment and health outcomes in patients with SLE.
Formation of Functionalized Nanowires by Control of Self‐Assembly Using Multiple Modified Amyloid Peptides
Authors: Sakai Hiroki , Watanabe Ken , Asanomi Yuya , Kobayashi Yumiko , Chuman Yoshiro , Shi Lihong , Masuda Takuya , Wyttenbach Thomas , Bowers Michael T. , Uosaki Kohei , Sakaguchi Kazuyasu 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAmyloid peptides have great potential as building blocks in the creation of functional nanowires due to their natural ability to self‐assemble into nanofibrillar structures and because they can be easily modified with various functional groups. However, significant modifications of an amyloid peptide generally alter its self‐assembly property, making it difficult to construct functionalized fibrils with a desired structure and function. In this study, a very effective method to overcome this problem is demonstrated by using our structure‐controllable amyloid peptides (SCAPs) terminated with a three‐amino‐acid‐residue cap. The method consists on mixing two or more structurally related amyloid peptides with a fraction of modified SCAPs which co‐assemble into a fibril. This SCAP‐mixing method provides remarkable control over the self‐assembly process both on the small oligomers level and the macroscopic fibrils level. Furthermore, it is shown that the modified peptides imbedded in the resulting fibril can subsequently be functionalized to generate nanowires with the desired properties, highlighting the importance of this SCAP method for nanotechnology applications.