bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal laser therapy: applications in the management of fetal pathologies
Authors: Mathis Jérôme , Raio Luigi , Baud David 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFetoscopic coagulation of placental anastomoses is the treatment of choice for severe twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome. In the present day, fetal laser therapy is also used to treat amniotic bands, chorioangiomas, sacrococcygeal teratomas, lower urinary tract obstructions and chest masses, all of which will be reviewed in this article. Amniotic band syndrome can cause limb amputation by impairing downstream blood flow. Large chorioangiomas (>4 cm), sacrococcygeal teratomas or fetal hyperechoic lung lesions can lead to fetal compromise and hydrops by vascular steal phenomenon or compression. Renal damage, bladder dysfunction and lastly death because of pulmonary hypolasia may be the result of megacystis caused by a posterior urethral valve. The prognosis of these pathologies can be dismal, and therapy options are limited, which has brought fetal laser therapy to the forefront. Management options discussed here are laser release of amniotic bands, laser coagulation of the placental or fetal tumor feeding vessels and laser therapy by fetal cystoscopy. This review, largely based on case reports, does not intend to provide a level of evidence supporting laser therapy over other treatment options. Centralized evaluation by specialists using strict selection criteria and long‐term follow‐up of these rare cases are now needed to prove the value of endoscopic or ultrasound‐guided laser therapy. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Migrating legacy software to the cloud: approach and verification by means of two medical software use cases
Authors: Maenhaut Pieter‐Jan , Moens Hendrik , Ongenae Veerle , De Turck Filip 
Published: March 2015

SummaryCloud computing is a technology that enables elastic, on‐demand resource provisioning, allowing application developers to build highly scalable systems. Multi‐tenancy, the hosting of multiple customers by a single application instance, leads to improved efficiency, improved scalability, and less costs. While these technologies make it possible to create many new applications, legacy applications can also benefit from the added flexibility and cost savings of cloud computing and multi‐tenancy. In this article, we describe the steps required to migrate existing applications to a public cloud environment, and the steps required to add multi‐tenancy to these applications. We present a generic approach and verify this approach by means of two case studies, a commercial medical communications software package mainly used within hospitals for nurse call systems and a schedule planner for managing medical appointments. Both case studies are subject to stringent security and performance constraints, which need to be taken into account during the migration. In our evaluation, we estimate the required investment costs and compare them to the long‐term benefits of the migration. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Understanding the roles of modernity, science, and risk in shaping flood management
Authors: Nobert Sébastien , Krieger Kristian , Pappenberger Florian 
Published: March 2015

In the face of an unprecedented climate crisis, uncertainties over both the frequency and the magnitude of extreme weather events are positioning the development of scientific and political responses to flood hazards as pivotal to adaptation strategies. While floods are generally understood as the results of hydro‐meteorological processes, their physical nature is also hiding some wider theoretical and practical dimensions that are intrinsically social. In turn, those dimensions unveil floods as social ‘revealers’, capable to exhibit the central role played by the fusion between science and politics in defining regimes of risk‐based flood governance. From the emergence of numerical weather predictions to the increasing sophistication of meteorological and hydrological predictions, the age‐old threat of flooding is increasingly viewed through a distinctively modern lens, which ultimately aims at organizing, producing, and securing futures by the consolidation of resilient societies. In spite of the considerable research efforts and resources invested into science and risk assessment instruments to underpin a more anticipatory and adaptive strategy to flooding, it is important to recognize that both science and risk politics are framing our capacity to engage with new forms of hazards that cannot be measured or quantified. WIREs Water 2015, 2:245–258. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1075This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Science of Water > Water Extremes
Human Water > Water Governance
Evaluation of translocation of black bears involved in human–bear conflicts in South‐central Colorado
Authors: Alldredge Mat W. , Walsh Daniel P. , Sweanor Linda L. , Davies Robert B. , Trujillo Al 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTFrom 1995 to 1997, black bears (Ursus americanus) involved in conflicts with humans in southeastern Colorado, USA, were radiocollared, translocated, and monitored by the Colorado Division of Wildlife to evaluate translocation as a management tool for problem black bears. Specific objectives were to 1) determine postrelease movement patterns of relocated black bears, and 2) estimate cumulative incidence and survival functions. Subadults did not move as far after translocation as adults and less frequently oriented toward the capture site (29% of subad vs. 51% of ad). No subadults returned to the vicinity of capture, whereas 33% of adults did. We used a cause‐specific hazards model with a constant age effect across the cause‐specific hazards to estimate annual survival rate for translocated adult bears (0.50, 95% credible interval CI = 0.36–0.65) and for subadult bears (0.28, 95% CI = 0.12–0.48). The annual probability of dying due to repeat conflict behavior was slightly lower (0.22 [95% CI = 0.13–0.33] and 0.32 [95% CI = 0.19–0.47]) for adults and subadults, respectively, compared with nonconflict mortalities (0.28 [95% CI = 0.17–0.40] and 0.40 [95% CI = 0.25–0.56]). Based on bears that were not involved in known repeat human–bear conflicts, translocation success was 0.64 (95% CI = 0.49–0.78) and 0.58 (95% CI = 0.42–0.73) for adults and subadults, respectively. Translocation of problem bears had mixed success relative to repeat nuisance activity in Colorado, but should remain a viable management option. Managers should make decisions on the appropriateness of translocation based on the characteristics of the bear, identification of an adequate release site, potential effect of the translocation on the release‐site bear population, and other available options. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Early Intervention in Children (0–6 Years) with a Rare Developmental Disability: The Occupational Therapy Role
Authors: Dall'Alba Lucy , Gray Marion , Williams Gary , Lowe Sharon 
Published: March 2015

Objective/Background This study aims to explore the occupational therapists’ role in early intervention for children diagnosed with a rare developmental disability. Methods A survey was distributed by mail or online, to eligible occupational therapists currently used by the Disability and Community Care Services throughout Queensland, Australia. Eligible occupational therapists were those working with children aged 0–6 years. Two in-depth phone interviews were also undertaken. Results Eleven participants who had previously worked with at least one child with a rare developmental disability returned the survey. One participant nominated for a follow-up interview and a second interview with a speech and language pathologist was conducted to gain a multidisciplinary perspective. The most common areas requiring intervention were play support (85.3%), activities of daily living, communication, gross motor, and fine motor skills (79.4%). Conclusion Family-centred practice, play therapy, and individually tailored programmes are identified as key practice areas for this population. The important role occupational therapists play in early intervention teams is highlighted; however, further research is needed to develop the evidence base for best practice with particular rare developmental conditions.
They look while they leap: Generative co-occurrence of enactment and effectuation in entrepreneurial action
Authors: Bhowmick Sanjay 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIt has been said that entrepreneurs plan in order to deal with market uncertainty. It has also been argued that entrepreneurs act spontaneously and with insufficient planning, as time is of the essence and as market uncertainty seldom yields to planning. Theoretically, in uncertain market conditions, the concept of effectuation posits that entrepreneurs control their resources enhancing them through likeminded stakeholder buy-ins towards creating an opportunity. Alternatively, the first prospective action steps under uncertainty are argued to be taken regardless of resources position, reflecting enactment before sensemaking. Thus, enactment embodies resource-independent action-embracing ambiguity, whereas effectuation, i.e., controlling resources and enhancing stakeholder buy-ins, represents resource-dependent action that mitigates ambiguity and risk. This paper proposes that prospective enactment action and effectuation control action are analytically distinct, complementary and simultaneous aspects of entrepreneurial action. It further proposes that successful outcomes of entrepreneurial action may be anticipated by a high and matching combination of enactment and effectual action in a generative co-occurrence. The paper illustrates the propositions using cases that exhibit diverse action outcomes. It also potentially reconciles the ambiguity-embracing or risk-taking approach and the ambiguity-reducing or risk-mitigating control approach in understanding entrepreneurial action seeking opportunity in an uncertain and dynamic market.
Sinonasal outcomes following endoscopic anterior skull base surgery with nasoseptal flap reconstruction: a prospective study
Authors: Hanson M , Patel P M , Betz C , Olson S , Panizza B , Wallwork B 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjective:To assess nasal morbidity resulting from nasoseptal flap use in the repair of skull base defects in endoscopic anterior skull base surgery.Methods:Thirty-six patients awaiting endoscopic anterior skull base surgery were prospectively recruited. A nasoseptal flap was used for reconstruction in all cases. Patients were assessed pre-operatively and 90 days post-operatively via the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 20 questionnaire and visual analogue scales for nasal obstruction, pain, secretions and smell; endoscopic examination findings and mucociliary clearance times were also recorded.Results:Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 20 questionnaire data and visual analogue scale scores for pain, smell and secretions showed no significant differences between pre- and post-operative outcomes, with visual analogue scale scores for nasal obstruction actually showing a significant improvement (p = 0.0007). A significant deterioration for both flap and non-flap sides was demonstrated post-operatively on endoscopic examination (p = 0.002 and p = 0.02 respectively).Conclusion:Whilst elevation of a nasoseptal flap in endoscopic surgery of the anterior skull base engendered significant clinical deterioration on examination post-operatively, quality of life outcomes showed that no such deterioration was subjectively experienced by the patient. In fact, there was significant nasal airway improvement following nasoseptal flap reconstruction.
Differences between chimpanzee and baboon gastrointestinal parasite communities
Authors: EBBERT M. A. , McGREW W. C. , MARCHANT L. F. 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYCross-species infection among humans, chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and baboons (Papiospp.) is potentially a significant public health issue in Africa, and of concern in the conservation ofP. troglodytes. However, to date, no statistical comparisons have been made between the prevalence, richness and composition of parasite communities in sympatric populations of baboons andP. troglodytes. We compared parasite communities in sympatricP. troglodytesandPapio papioliving in a wilderness site, in the Republic of Senegal, West Africa. We asked whether, in the absence of humans, there are significant differences between these hosts in their interactions with gastrointestinal parasites. We tested whether host, location, or time of collection accounted for variation in prevalence, richness and community composition, and compared prevalence across six studies. We concluded that, despite being closely related, there are significant differences between these two hosts with respect to their parasite communities. At our study site, prevalence ofBalantidium, TrichurisandWatsoniuswas higher inP. papio. Papio papioharboured more parasites per host, and we found evidence of a positive association betweenTrichurisandBalantidiuminP. troglodytesbut notP. papio.
Analysis of an inter-centre, web-based radiation oncology peer-review case conference
Authors: Crispen Chamunyonga , Kellini Osama M. , Kumar Milind 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPurposePeer-review programmes in radiation oncology are used to facilitate the process and evaluation of clinical decision-making. However, web-based peer-review methods are still uncommon. This study analysed an inter-centre, web-based peer-review case conference as a method of facilitating the decision-making process in radiation oncology.MethodologyA benchmark form was designed based on the American Society for Radiation Oncology targets for radiation oncology peer review. This was used for evaluating the contents of the peer-review case presentations on 40 cases, selected from three participating radiation oncology centres. A scoring system was used for comparison of data, and a survey was conducted to analyse the experiences of radiation oncology professionals who attended the web-based peer-review meetings in order to identify priorities for improvement.ResultsThe mean scores for the evaluations were 82·7, 84·5, 86·3 and 87·3% for cervical, prostate, breast and head and neck presentations, respectively. The survey showed that radiation oncology professionals were confident about the role of web-based peer-reviews in facilitating sharing of good practice, stimulating professionalism and promoting professional growth. The participants were satisfied with the quality of the audio and visual aspects of the web-based meeting.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest that simple inter-centre web-based peer-review case conferences are a feasible technique for peer review in radiation oncology. Limitations such as data security and confidentiality can be overcome by the use of appropriate structure and technology. To drive the issues of quality and safety a step further, small radiotherapy departments may need to consider web-based peer-review case conference as part of their routine quality assurance practices.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Significances of MUC5B and TTF-1 Expressions in Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Nagashio Ryo , Ueda Junpei , Ryuge Shinichiro , Nakashima Hiroyasu , Jiang Shi-Xu , Kobayashi Makoto , Yanagita Kengo , Katono Ken , Satoh Yukitoshi , Masuda Noriyuki , Murakumo Yoshiki , Hachimura Kazuo , Sato Yuichi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTo investigate the relationships between the expression of MUC5B and clinicopathological parameters, the expression of MUC5B was immunohistochemically studied. MUC5B expression was observed in 129 of 198 (65.2%) adenocarcinomas and in 4 of 49 (8.2%) squamous cell carcinomas (P < 0.00001). MUC5B expression was significantly associated with poorer differentiation (P = 0.0303), higher pathological TNM stage (p = 0.0153) and poorer prognosis of adenocarcinoma patients (P = 0.0017). Multivariable analysis with Cox proportional hazards models confirmed that MUC5B expression increased the hazard of death after adjusting for other clinicopathological factors (HR = 2.66; 95%CI, 1.26–5.61). We also immunohistochemically evaluated TTF-1 expression and found that the combination of MUC5B with TTF-1 is a useful marker for adenocarcinomas. The diagnostic accuracies of TTF-1 and MUC5B for adenocarcinoma were 83.8% and 70.4%, respectively. The accuracy increased to 94.3% when the two factors were combined. In survival analysis, the MUC5B(High)/TTF-1(−) group was significantly associated with a poorer outcome compared with the MUC5B(Low)/TTF-1(+) group (p < 0.0001). The present study suggested that the combination of MUC5B and TTF-1 expression is useful for discriminating adenocarcinomas from squamous cell carcinomas, yielding prognostic significance in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
MiRNA-320 in the human follicular fluid is associated with embryo quality in vivo and affects mouse embryonic development in vitro
Authors: Feng Ruizhi , Sang Qing , Zhu Yan , Fu Wei , Liu Miao , Xu Yan , Shi Huijuan , Xu Yao , Qu Ronggui , Chai Renjie , Shao Ruijin , Jin Li , He Lin , Sun Xiaoxi , Wang Lei 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPrevious work from our laboratory demonstrated the existence of miRNAs in human follicular fluid. In the current study, we have sought to identify miRNAs that might affect oocyte/embryo quality in patients undergoing intracytoplasmic sperm injection and to investigate their roles in in vitro fertilization outcomes in mouse oocytes. 53 samples were classified as Group 1 (high quality) if the day-3 embryos had seven and more cells or as Group 2 (low quality) if the embryos had six and fewer cells. TaqMan Human microRNAs cards and qRT-PCR were performed to verify differently expressed miRNAs. The function of the corresponding miRNA was investigated in mouse oocytes by injecting them with miRNA-inhibitor oligonucleotides. We found that hsa-miR-320a and hsa-miR-197 had significantly higher expression levels in the Group 1 follicular fluids than in Group 2 (p = 0.0073 and p = 0.008, respectively). Knockdown of mmu-miR-320 in mouse oocytes strongly decreased the proportions of MII oocytes that developed into two-cell and blastocyst stage embryos (p = 0.0048 and p = 0.0069, respectively). Wnt signaling pathway components had abnormal expression level in miR-320 inhibitor-injected oocytes. This study provides the first evidence that miRNAs in human follicular fluid are indicative of and can influence embryo quality.
Microbial communities on flower surfaces act as signatures of pollinator visitation
Authors: Ushio Masayuki , Yamasaki Eri , Takasu Hiroyuki , Nagano Atsushi J. , Fujinaga Shohei , Honjo Mie N. , Ikemoto Mito , Sakai Shoko , Kudoh Hiroshi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMicrobes are easily dispersed from one place to another and immigrant microbes might contain information about the environments from which they came. We hypothesized that part of the microbial community on a flower's surface is transferred there from insect body surfaces and that this community can provide information to identify potential pollinator insects of that plant. We collected insect samples from the field and found that an insect individual harbored an average of 12.2 × 105 microbial cells on its surface. A laboratory experiment showed that the microbial community composition on a flower surface changed after contact with an insect, suggesting that microbes are transferred from the insect to the flower. Comparison of the microbial fingerprint approach and direct visual observation under field condition suggested that the microbial community on a flower surface could to some extent indicate the structure of plant–pollinator interactions. In conclusion, species-specific insect microbial communities specific to insect species can be transferred from an insect body to a flower surface and these microbes can serve as a “fingerprint” of the insect species, especially for large-bodied insects. Dispersal of microbes is a ubiquitous phenomenon that has unexpected and novel applications in many fields and disciplines.
Detecting local heterogeneity and ionization ability in the head group region of different lipidic phases using modified fluorescent probes
Authors: Abou-Zied Osama K. , Zahid N. Idayu , Khyasudeen M. Faisal , Giera David S. , Thimm Julian C. , Hashim Rauzah 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLocal heterogeneity in lipid self-assembly is important for executing the cellular membrane functions. In this work, we chemically modified 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBO) and attached a C8 alkyl chain in two different locations to probe the microscopic environment of four lipidic phases of dodecyl β-maltoside. The fluorescence change in HBO and the new probes (HBO-1 and HBO-2) shows that in all phases (micellar, hexagonal, cubic and lamellar) three HBO tautomeric species (solvated syn-enol, anionic and closed syn-keto) are stable. The formation of multi tautomers reflects the heterogeneity of the lipidic phases. The results indicate that HBO and HBO-1 reside in a similar location within the head group region, whereas HBO-2 is slightly pushed away from the sugar-dominated area. The stability of the solvated syn-enol tautomer is due to the formation of a hydrogen bond between the OH group of the HBO moiety and an adjacent oxygen atom of a sugar unit. The detected HBO anions was proposed to be a consequence of this solvation effect where a hydrogen ion abstraction by the sugar units is enhanced. Our results point to a degree of local heterogeneity and ionization ability in the head group region as a consequence of the sugar amphoterism.
Endocytic pathway mediates refractoriness of insect Bactrocera dorsalis to RNA interference
Authors: Li Xiaoxue , Dong Xiaolong , Zou Cong , Zhang Hongyu 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful and convenient tool for sequence-specific gene silencing and it is triggered by double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). RNAi can be easily achieved in many eukaryotes by either injecting or feeding dsRNAs. This mechanism has demonstrated its potential in fundamental research on genetics, medicine and agriculture. However, the possibility that insects might develop refractoriness to RNAi remains unexplored. In this study, we report that the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, became refractory to RNAi using orally administered dsRNA targeting endogenous genes. Furthermore, refractoriness to RNAi is not gene-specific and its duration depends on the dsRNA concentration. RNAi blockage requires the endocytic pathway. Fluorescence microscopy indicated that in RNAi refractory flies, dsRNA uptake is blocked. Genes involved in the entry of dsRNAs into cells, including chc, cog3, light and others, are down-regulated in RNAi refractory flies. Increasing the endocytic capacity by improving F-actin polymerization disrupts RNAi refractoriness after both primary and secondary dsRNA exposures. Our results demonstrate that an insect can become refractory to RNAi by preventing the entry of dsRNA into its cells.