bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of bacterial ghosts – induced nitric oxide production in macrophages by bacterial ghost‐delivered resveratrol
Authors: Koller Verena J. , Dirsch Verena M. , Beres Hortenzia , Donath Oliver , Reznicek Gottfried , Lubitz Werner , Kudela Pavol 
Published: January 2013

The present study aimed to investigate the capacity of resveratrol (RV) delivered into macrophages by bacterial ghosts (BGs), representing intact empty nonliving envelopes of Gram‐negative bacteria, to modulate nitric oxide (NO) production related to the presence of the pathogen‐associated molecular patterns on the surface of BGs. Incubation of the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 with BGs leads to a dose‐dependent activation of inducible NO synthase. To modify BG‐induced NO formation in RAW 264.7 cells by RV; BGs were loaded with RV (RV‐BGs) and incubated with murine macrophages in a dose‐dependent manner. RV‐BGs delivering RV to the target macrophages significantly reduced BG‐induced NO production with concentration of RV more than one order of magnitude lower than the amount of RV capable of reducing NO formation when applied directly. Moreover, no cytotoxic impact of BGs on the viability of RAW 264.7 cells added to macrophages alone or loaded with RV was detected after a mutual 24 h incubation, whereas cell viability slightly decreased (~ 10%) when RV concentrations of 30 μm alone were applied. The results obtained in the present study clearly indicate that the intracellular delivery of RV by BGs significantly enhances the total RV effect.
Co‐Relationships between glandular salivary flow rates and dental caries
Authors: Diaz de Guillory Carolina , Schoolfield John D. , Johnson Dorthea , Yeh Chih‐Ko , Chen Shuo , Cappelli David P. , Bober‐Moken Irene G. , Dang Howard 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveThis study was designed to evaluate the relationship of age, gender, ethnicity and salivary flow rates on dental caries in an adult population using data collected from the Oral Health San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging (OH: SALSA).BackgroundSaliva is essential to maintain a healthy oral environment and diminished output can result in dental caries. Although gender and age play a role in the quantity of saliva, little is known about the interaction of age, gender and ethnicity on dental caries and salivary flow rates.Materials and methodsData from the 1147 participants in the OH: SALSA were analysed. The dependent variables were the number of teeth with untreated coronal caries, number of teeth with root caries and the number of coronal and root surfaces with untreated caries. The independent variables were stimulated and unstimulated glandular salivary flow rates along with the age, sex and ethnicity (e.g. European or Mexican ancestry) of the participants.ResultsCoronal caries experience was greater in younger participants while root surface caries experience was greater in the older participants. Coronal caries was lower in the older age groups while the root caries experience increased. Men had a statistically significant (p < 0.02) higher experience of root caries than women. Values for unstimulated and stimulated parotid salivary flow rates showed no age difference and remained constant with age, whereas the age differences in the unstimulated and stimulated submandibular/sublingual salivary flow rates were significant. The mean number of teeth with coronal and root caries was higher in Mexican‐Americans than in European‐Americans.ConclusionsOver one‐fourth of the adults between the ages of 60 and 79 have untreated root caries over one‐third having untreated coronal caries. Lower salivary flow rates play a significant role in both the number of teeth and the number of surfaces developing caries in these adults. Women and individuals of European‐American ancestry experience less caries.
Review of the Drosophila (Drosophila) quadrisetata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of three new species from the Oriental Region
Authors: Suwito Awit , Watabe Hideaki , Toda Masanori J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA review of the Drosophila (Drosophila) quadrisetata species group is provided on the basis of samples collected from tropical to warm–temperate areas of the Oriental Region and the collection records so far accumulated for all known species. Three new species, D. (D.) aotsukai Suwito & Watabe sp. nov., D. (D.) rinjaniensis Suwito & Watabe sp. nov. and D. (D.) sundaensis Suwito & Watabe sp. nov., are described, and new distribution records and supplementary, revised descriptions are given for known species. A multiple‐entry key, based on a character database, to all species of this species group is constructed and uploaded to the Internet.
Use of the Expanded Panel of BXD Mice Narrow QTL Regions in Ethanol‐Induced Locomotor Activation and Motor Incoordination
Authors: DuBose Candis S. , Chesler Elissa J. , Goldowitz Dan , Hamre Kristin M. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundAlcohol‐related responses are under strong genetic regulation. A wealth of alcohol‐related data from recombinant inbred (RI) mouse strains enables genetic correlation and mapping of these traits. Previous studies using RI strains have identified numerous chromosomal locations that underlie differential alcohol sensitivity, although the regions identified are typically large. One means to improve power and precision for genetic analysis is to use a larger genetic reference population. The expanded panel of BXD RI mice was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with sensitivity to locomotor stimulatory and motor incoordinating effects of alcohol. The goals of this study were to determine whether previously reported QTLs were replicated and refined and to determine whether novel QTLs would be identified.MethodsFollowing an i.p. dose of 2.25 g/kg of ethanol (EtOH) or saline control, locomotor activation was assessed using an activity chamber and motor incoordination was assessed using the accelerating rotarod. Male and female BXD mice from over 55 strains were tested. Two treatment paradigms were utilized to evaluate the effects of EtOH versus saline treatment‐order.ResultsActivity chamber measures showed significant differences in strain, sex, and treatment‐order whereas rotarod measures showed significant differences in strain and treatment‐order. Significant QTLs for various measures of EtOH‐induced locomotor activation were identified on chromosomes 2 and 5 that narrowed QTL regions previously identified from 19 to < 2 Mb. Further, a novel significant QTL for EtOH‐induced motor incoordination on chromosome 7 was identified.ConclusionsUsing the expanded RI BXD panel, along with a high precision marker map, several novel QTLs were found and several previously identified QTL regions were confirmed and narrowed. The isogenic nature of the population facilitated detection of treatment‐order and sex‐specific differences. Smaller QTL regions reduced the number of positional candidates thereby increasing the efficiency with which polymorphisms underlying the QTL will be identified.
The Effect of Constraining the Intensity of Solar Radiation on the Photosynthesis, Growth, Yield and Product Quality of Tomato
Authors: Kläring H.‐P. , Krumbein A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRecent studies propose the combination of electrical energy and plant production, in which often only radiation peaks were used for energy production. Then, the effect on plant growth is assumed to be negligible. However, photosynthesis is known to be a monotonically increasing function of radiation. We studied the response of tomato to constraining the intensity of solar radiation. Tomato crops in greenhouse compartments were shaded when the outside photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) exceeded 640 and 1280 μmol m−2 s−1, resulting in a 57 % and 34 % reduction in the PPFD integral over the growing period compared to the non‐shaded control. Constraining the intensity of solar radiation significantly reduced photosynthesis, growth and yield of tomato plants. Model‐derived estimates of reduction in crop dry matter increment were 50 % and 28 % for the strongly and moderately PPFD constrained crops. However, measured plant dry matter increment decreased only by 31 % and 19 %, respectively, that is, light use efficiency increased markedly. This indicates a strong adaptation of the plant's metabolism to cope with the limitation in light availability such as increasing the specific leaf area and reducing respiration. Surprisingly, this was only of little concern to the fruit quality, because no effect of constraining PPFD on the concentration of total dry matter, sugars and lycopene in the fruits could be observed. The concentration of titratable acids was significantly increased, however, when constraining PPFD, while ß‐carotene was slightly decreased. When combining plant and energy production, yield reductions in systems that reduce the supply of solar radiation to crops only at high irradiances will be less considerable than in systems that permanently shade the crop. However, yield losses in tomato production remain significant in both system types.
Effects of Different Edible Coatings in Physical, Chemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Minimally Processed Peaches (Prunus persicaL. Batsch)
Authors: Pizato Sandriane , Cortez‐Vega William Renzo , de Souza Juliana Tais Andreghetto , Prentice‐Hernández Carlos , Borges Caroline Dellinghausen 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe present work aimed at evaluating the effects of tara gum, xanthan and sodium alginate as edible coatings in physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of minimally processed peaches. Peaches from Granada cultivar were peeled, cut into cubes and immersed in the solutions with the respective treatment. Four treatments were used. The minimally processed peaches were packed in PET packaging and stored at 4 ± 1C for 12 days. Physical and physicochemical analyses were performed, including mass loss, firmness (N), color (L*, a*, b* and Hue angle), pH, soluble solids (°Brix), and microbiological evaluations of psychotrophic microorganisms and mold and yeast. The treatment with tara gum associated to citric and ascorbic acids and sodium chloride presented the best results. Tara gum allowed a reduction of mass loss, firmness maintenance, lower color alteration and lower growth of molds and yeasts. Therefore, this gum presents potential for application as edible coating.Practical ApplicationsFresh‐cut peaches are appreciated worldwide for their exotic flavor and nutritional composition. However, their shelf life is limited by changes in color, texture, appearance and microbial growth. An alternative to try to minimize the losses and increase the shelf life of this product is the use of edible coatings, maintaining the quality parameters of fresh fruit. Tara gum is a cheap gum that has not been used as coating on minimally processed fruit, and in this work, this gum showed significant results in the quality of fresh‐cut peaches for a longer time. It can be considered useful to the minimal processing industry and used as an alternative to fast food and other ready‐to‐eat products, attending the demand for healthy and convenient foodstuffs.
Prevalence of Yeast Other than Candida albicans in Denture Wearers
Authors: Cavaleiro Inês , Proença Luis , Félix Sérgio , Salema‐Oom Madalena 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurposeThe isolation of yeast species other than Candida albicans from the oral mucosa has been increasing in frequency, suggesting that those may constitute emerging potential oral colonizers. The purpose of this work was to determine whether yeast species other than C. albicans are associated with factors related to wearing of dental prostheses.Materials and MethodstRNA‐PCR fingerprinting and sequencing of the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain were used to identify all yeasts isolated from CHROMagar™ Candida cultures of oral swabs collected from 178 patients.ResultsBesides C. albicans, 13 other species were identified, corresponding to 34% of the yeast isolates. The majority of the non‐C. albicans species were not detected as single colonizers but rather in co‐colonization with one or two other yeasts, often with C. albicans. No significant associations were found with non‐C. albicans species. On the contrary, the best‐fitted logistic regression model predicts that either wearing a denture (adjusted odds = 4.6) or insufficient oral hygiene (adjusted odds = 2.3) are risks for colonization by yeast, in general.ConclusionsThe colonization with non‐C. albicans species and co‐colonization were not independently associated with any of the analyzed host‐related factors. In particular, neither wearing a removable denture nor being elderly were significant predictors.
The development of a mother's internal working model of feeding
Authors: Brown Lisa F. , Griffin Junyanee , Reyna Barbara , Lewis Mary 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study was to describe changes in a mother's early internal working model of infant feeding.Design and MethodsIn this qualitative study, 12 maternal responses to the semi‐structured internal working model interview were audio‐recorded, once in the neonatal intensive care unit after infants began oral feeding and once 2 weeks post‐discharge. Interviews were analyzed using directed content analysis.ResultsA change between mothers' early and later nipple feeding experiences was identified.Practice ImplicationsNurses and other clinicians can help mothers understand the infant's behaviors and focus on the infant's nutritional intake while simultaneously developing a relationship with the infant.
Retinal Pulse Wave Velocity in Young Male Normotensive and Mildly Hypertensive Subjects
Authors: Kotliar Konstantin , Hanssen Henner , Eberhardt Karla , Vilser Walthard , Schmaderer Christoph , Halle Martin , Heemann Uwe , Baumann Marcus 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveHypertension is characterized by microvascular remodeling resulting in increased wall/lumen ratio and elevated microvascular stiffness. Aiming to transform the measurement of macrovascular stiffness into a microvascular environment we introduce a noninvasive method to assess rPWV. rPWV alterations in early hypertension are investigated in detail. The developed methodology is compared with its possible computational alternatives.MethodsTime dependent alterations of retinal arterial diameter were assessed noninvasively by the DVA in 65 male normoalbuminuric normotensive to mildly hypertensive subjects (age: 28.7 ± 6.0 years). rPWV was computed using three different methods. “Method 1” used filtration at HR, “Method 2” filtered at higher HR multiples, and “Method 3” used in addition, linear fit for data averaging.Results“Method 2” and “Method 3” applying filtration at high HR multiples showed strong associations with systolic BP throughout the cohort (r = 0.49, r = 0.63, p < 0.001). Based on the highest association, “Method 3” was proposed to characterize rPWV. Hypertensive patients showed higher rPWV (1243 ± 694 RU/sec) than subjects with high‐normal BP (786 ± 486 RU/sec, p < 0.01) or normotensive subjects (442 ± 148 RU/sec, p < 0.001).ConclusionsrPWV demonstrated a strong association with BP and can discriminate between optimal, high‐normal, and mildly hypertensive BP values. rPWV may add detailed insights into early microvascular pathophysiology, potentially beyond microalbuminuria.
Long tail fibres of the novel broad‐host‐range T‐even bacteriophage S16 specifically recognize SalmonellaOmpC
Authors: Marti Roger , Zurfluh Katrin , Hagens Steven , Pianezzi Jasmin , Klumpp Jochen , Loessner Martin J. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryWe report isolation and characterization of the novel T4‐like Salmonella bacteriophage vB_SenM‐S16. S16 features a T‐even morphology and a highly modified 160 kbp dsDNA genome with 36.9 mol % G+C, containing 269 putative coding sequences and three tRNA genes. S16 is a virulent phage, and exhibits a maximally broad host range within the genus Salmonella, but does not infect other bacteria. Synthesis of functional S16 full‐length long tail fibre (LTF) in Escherichia coli was possible by coexpression of gp37 and gp38. Surface plasmon resonance analysis revealed nanomolar equilibrium affinity of the LTF to its receptor on Salmonella cells. We show that OmpC serves as primary binding ligand, and that S16 adsorption can be transferred to E. coli by substitution of ompC with the Salmonella homologue. S16 also infects ‘rough’ Salmonella strains which are defective in lipopolysaccharide synthesis and/or its carbohydrate substitution, indicating that this interaction does not require an intact LPS structure. Altogether, its virulent nature, broad host range and apparent lack of host DNA transduction render S16 highly suitable for biocontrol of Salmonella in foods and animal production. The S16 LTF represents a highly specific affinity reagent useful for cell decoration and labelling, as well as bacterial immobilization and separation.
Deconstruction and Religion
Authors: Miller Eddis 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article provides an introduction to “deconstruction and religion” by focusing on the late writings of Jacques Derrida, in which religious and ethical themes become particularly prominent. The author explains why Derrida’s writings do not constitute a “theory” or “method” for the study of religion, but rather an attempt to show how “religion” itself is impossible. Derrida’s treatment of “religion” is explicated through an analysis of the key concepts of “faith” and “holiness,” and interpreted as fundamentally an engagement with the question of ethics. The article culminates in an examination of Derrida’s notion of “messianicity,” a key concept in his late texts. Throughout the course of this analysis, attention is paid not only to Derrida’s reading of a number of important philosophical figures (Kant, Levinas, and Austin), but also to the way in which his writings have been appropriated in the attempt to think God and religion after or beyond the Kantian critique of metaphysics and the Heideggerian destruction of onto‐theology.
Implementing a maternal mortality surveillance system in Morocco – challenges and opportunities
Authors: Abouchadi S. , Belghiti Alaoui A. , Meski F. Z. , De Brouwere V. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the development of the maternal death surveillance system (MDSS) in Morocco and discuss the initial results.MethodThe nationwide MDSS was implemented in 2009 with the involvement of health professionals and local authorities. It comprises (i) notification of all deaths of women of reproductive age (from 15 to 49 years); (ii) a preliminary survey to identify pregnancy‐related deaths; (iii) a confidential enquiry into all pregnancy‐related deaths. The information thus obtained describes socio‐demographic characteristics of the women, their obstetric and medical history, the mode of delivery, its follow‐up and the medical cause of death.ResultsFrom 1st of January 2009 to 31st of December 2009, 3814 deaths of women of reproductive age were recorded, and a total of 436 pregnancy‐related deaths were identified, with 73.4% of those occurring in health facilities. Among the 313 reviewed records, 80.8% were direct obstetric deaths, and 13.5% were classified as indirect. Haemorrhage was the first direct obstetric cause of death (33%). Heart disease was the main indirect obstetric cause of death (39% of indirect causes).ConclusionThe Moroccan MDSS is a powerful tool for understanding the causes and circumstances of maternal deaths. However, challenges remain regarding the full coverage of the system, the decentralisation of the data entry and analysis and the completeness of medical records.
Is secondary preventive care improving? Observational study of 10-year trends in emergency admissions for conditions amenable to ambulatory care
Authors: Bardsley Martin , Blunt Ian , Davies Sian , Dixon Jennifer 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo identify trends in emergency admissions for patients with clinical conditions classed as ‘ambulatory care sensitive’ (ACS) and assess if reductions might be due to improvements in preventive care.DesignObservational study of routinely collected hospital admission data from March 2001 to April 2011. Admission rates were calculated at the population level using national population estimates for area of residence.ParticipantsAll emergency admissions to National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England from April 2001 to March 2011 for people residents in England.Main outcome measuresAge-standardised emergency admissions rates for each of 27 specific ACS conditions (ICD-10 codes recorded as primary or secondary diagnoses).ResultsBetween April 2001 and March 2011 the number of admissions for ACS conditions increased by 40%. When ACS conditions were defined solely on primary diagnosis, the increase was less at 35% and similar to the increase in emergency admissions for non-ACS conditions. Age-standardised rates of emergency admission for ACS conditions had increased by 25%, and there were notable variations by age group and by individual condition. Overall, the greatest increases were for urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, pneumonia, gastroenteritis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. There were significant reductions in emergency admission rates for angina, perforated ulcers and pelvic inflammatory diseases but the scale of these successes was relatively small.ConclusionsIncreases in rates of emergency admissions suggest that efforts to improve the preventive management of certain clinical conditions have failed to reduce the demand for emergency care. Tackling the demand for hospital care needs more radical approaches than those adopted hitherto if reductions in emergency admission rates for ACS conditions overall are to be seen as a positive outcome of for NHS.
Genetic and Pharmacologic Disruption of Interleukin-1β Signaling Inhibits Experimental Aortic Aneurysm Formation
Authors: Johnston William F. , Salmon Morgan , Su Gang , Lu Guanyi , Stone Matthew L. , Zhao Yunge , Owens Gary K. , Upchurch Gilbert R. , Ailawadi Gorav 
Published: January 2013

Objective—
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are common, but their exact pathogenesis remains unknown and no specific medical therapies are available. We sought to evaluate interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) in an experimental AAA model to identify novel therapeutic targets for AAA treatment.

Methods and Results—

IL-1β mRNA and protein levels were significantly elevated in abdominal aortas of 8- to 12-week-old male C57Bl/6 mice after elastase aortic perfusion (wild-type [WT]) compared with saline perfusion. Mice with genetic deletion of IL-1β (IL-1β knockout [KO]) or IL-1R (IL-1R KO) that underwent elastase perfusion demonstrated significant protection against AAA formation, with maximal aortic dilations of 38.0±5.5% for IL-1β KO and 52.5±4.6% for IL-1R KO, compared with 89.4±4.0% for WT mice (
P
<0.005). Correspondingly, IL-1β KO and IL-1R KO aortas had reduced macrophage and neutrophil staining with greater elastin preservation compared with WT. In WT mice pretreated with escalating doses of the IL-1R antagonist anakinra, there was a dose-dependent decrease in maximal aortic dilation (
R
=–0.676;
P
<0.0005). Increasing anakinra doses correlated with decreasing macrophage staining and elastin fragmentation. Lastly, WT mice treated with anakinra 3 or 7 days after AAA initiation with elastase demonstrated significant protection against AAA progression and had decreased aortic dilation compared with control mice.

Conclusion—
IL-1β is critical for AAA initiation and progression, and IL-1β neutralization through genetic deletion or receptor antagonism attenuates experimental AAA formation. Disrupting IL-1β signaling offers a novel pathway for AAA treatment.