bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transposition of the Great Arteries—Outcomes and Time Interval of Early Neonatal Repair
Authors: Cain Michael T. , Cao Yumei , Ghanayem Nancy S. , Simpson Pippa M. , Trapp Katie , Mitchell Michael E. , Tweddell James S. , Woods Ronald K. 
Published: March 2014

Background: This study evaluates the relationship of morbidity and resource utilization with the timing of early neonatal repair of transposition of the great arteries and intact ventricular septum (d-TGA/IVS). Methods: All patients with d-TGA/IVS who underwent arterial switch in the first 14 days of life, between January 2000 and May 2011, were reviewed. Patients undergoing repair at ≤4 days of age were categorized as group I, 5 to 7 days as group II, and 8 to 14 days as group III. Outcomes included mortality, morbidity, and resource utilization. Results: Hospital survival was 69 (98.6%) of 70. The length of stay (LOS) and total charges were lowest in group I—15.5 days compared to group II—18.0 days and group III—23.5 days ( P = .005); group I—US$128,219 compared to group II—US$141,729 and group III—US$217,427 ( P = .0006). Using regression analysis to account for potentially confounding effects of multiple variables and treating time as a continuous variable demonstrated that age at surgery was significantly associated with total LOS ( P = .029), hospital charges ( P = .029) and intensive care unit charges ( P = .002). Younger age at repair was not associated with worse outcomes for any measure of morbidity. Conclusions: Earlier repair of d-TGA/IVS was associated with decreased resource utilization and no detriment to clinical outcomes. Further analysis based on a larger cohort of patients is needed to verify these results that have important implications for improving the value of care.
A Caenorhabditis elegans–based assay recognizes immunoglobulin light chains causing heart amyloidosis
Authors: Diomede Luisa , Rognoni Paola , Lavatelli Francesca , Romeo Margherita , del Favero Elena , Cantù Laura , Ghibaudi Elena , di Fonzo Andrea , Corbelli Alessandro , Fiordaliso Fabio , Palladini Giovanni , Valentini Veronica , Perfetti Vittorio , Salmona Mario , Merlini Giampaolo 
Published: March 2014

Key PointsC elegans specifically recognizes cardiotoxic LCs as toxicants. This is an innovative model for studying the heart-specific toxicity of amyloidogenic LCs and developing new therapeutic strategies.
A new human mast cell line expressing a functional IgE receptor converts to tumorigenic growth by KIT D816V transfection
Authors: Saleh Rosine , Wedeh Ghaith , Herrmann Harald , Bibi Siham , Cerny-Reiterer Sabine , Sadovnik Irina , Blatt Katharina , Hadzijusufovic Emir , Jeanningros Sylvie , Blanc Catherine , Legarff-Tavernier Magali , Chapiro Elise , Nguyen-Khac Florence , Subra Frédéric , Bonnemye Patrick , Dubreuil Patrice , Desplat Vanessa , Merle-Béral Hélène , Willmann Michael , Rülicke Thomas , Valent Peter , Arock Michel 
Published: March 2014

Key PointsROSAKIT WT is a new human SCF-dependent FcεRI-positive mast cell line that converts to SCF-independence by KIT D816V-transfection. The FcεRI-positive ROSAKIT D816V clone is a major tool for studying cellular aspects of mastocytosis and responses to targeted drugs.
Spontaneous heparin-induced thrombocytopenia syndrome: 2 new cases and a proposal for defining this disorder
Authors: Warkentin Theodore E. , Basciano Paul A. , Knopman Jared , Bernstein Richard A. 
Published: March 2014

Key Points
Two well-documented cases of a HIT-mimicking disorder without proximate heparin exposure (spontaneous HIT syndrome) are reported. The definition of spontaneous HIT syndrome should include strong serum-induced platelet activation at 0 IU/mL heparin (inhibited at 100 IU/mL).
Introgressive hybridization and latitudinal admixture clines in North Atlantic eels
Authors: Wielgoss Sébastien , Gilabert Aude , Meyer Axel , Wirth Thierry 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundHybridization, the interbreeding of diagnosably divergent species, is a major focus in evolutionary studies. Eels, both from North America and Europe migrate through the Atlantic to mate in a vast, overlapping area in the Sargasso Sea. Due to the lack of direct observation, it is unknown how these species remain reproductively isolated. The detection of inter-species hybrids in Iceland suggests on-going gene flow, but few studies to date have addressed the influence of introgression on genetic differentiation in North Atlantic eels.ResultsHere, we show that while mitochondrial lineages remain completely distinct on both sides of the Atlantic, limited hybridization is detectable with nuclear DNA markers. The nuclear hybridization signal peaks in the northern areas and decreases towards the southern range limits on both continents according to Bayesian assignment analyses. By simulating increasing proportions of both F1 hybrids and admixed individuals from the southern to the northern-most locations, we were able to generate highly significant isolation-by-distance patterns in both cases, reminiscent of previously published data for the European eel. Finally, fitting an isolation-with-migration model to our data supports the hypothesis of recent asymmetric introgression and refutes the alternative hypothesis of ancient polymorphism.ConclusionsFluctuating degrees of introgressive hybridization between Atlantic eel species are sufficient to explain temporally varying correlations of geographic and genetic distances reported for populations of the European eel.
Magnetotransport study on as-grown and annealed n- and p-type modulation-doped GaInNAs/GaAs strained quantum well structures
Authors: Dönmez Ömer , Sarcan Fahrettin , Erol Ayse , Gunes Mustafa , Arikan Mehmet Çetin , Puustinen Janne , Guina Mircea 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We report the observation of thermal annealing- and nitrogen-induced effects on electronic transport properties of as-grown and annealed n- and p-type modulation-doped Ga1 - x
In
x
N
y
As1 - y
(x = 0.32, y = 0, 0.009, and 0.012) strained quantum well (QW) structures using magnetotransport measurements. Strong and well-resolved Shubnikov de Haas (SdH) oscillations are observed at magnetic fields as low as 3 T and persist to temperatures as high as 20 K, which are used to determine effective mass, 2D carrier density, and Fermi energy. The analysis of temperature dependence of SdH oscillations revealed that the electron mass enhances with increasing nitrogen content. Furthermore, even the current theory of dilute nitrides does not predict a change in hole effective mass; nitrogen dependency of hole effective mass is found and attributed to both strain- and confinement-induced effects on the valence band. Both electron and hole effective masses are changed after thermal annealing process. Although all samples were doped with the same density, the presence of nitrogen in n-type material gives rise to an enhancement in the 2D electron density compared to the 2D hole density as a result of enhanced effective mass due to the effect of nitrogen on conduction band. Our results reveal that effective mass and 2D carrier density can be tailored by nitrogen composition and thermal annealing-induced effects.

PACS

72.00.00; 72.15.Gd; 72.80.Ey
Gilded nanoparticles for plasmonically enhanced fluorescence in TiO2:Sm3+ sol-gel films
Authors: Pikker Siim , Dolgov Leonid , Heinsalu Siim , Mamykin Sergii , Kiisk Valter , Kopanchuk Sergei , Lõhmus Rünno , Sildos Ilmo 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Silica-gold core-shell nanoparticles were used for plasmonic enhancement of rare earth fluorescence in sol-gel-derived TiO2:Sm3+ films. Local enhancement of Sm3+ fluorescence in the vicinity of separate gilded nanoparticles was revealed by a combination of dark field microscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy techniques. An intensity enhancement of Sm3+ fluorescence varies from 2.5 to 10 times depending on the used direct (visible) or indirect (ultraviolet) excitations. Analysis of fluorescence lifetimes suggests that the locally stronger fluorescence occurs because of higher plasmon-coupled direct absorption of exciting light by the Sm3+ ions or due to plasmon-assisted non-radiative energy transfer from the excitons of TiO2 host to the rare earth ions.

PACS

78; 78.67.-n; 78.67.Bf
Renal artery stenosis due to neurofibromatosis type 1: case report and literature review
Authors: Duan Lian , Feng Kai , Tong Anli , Liang Zhiyong 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a relatively common autosomal dominant disorder. The most common vascular abnormality in patients with NF1 is bilateral or unilateral renal artery stenosis.Case reportA 16-year-old boy presented with a headache of 4-year duration and was found to be moderately hypertensive. On physical examination, axillary freckling and multiple café-au-lait spots were revealed over the trunk, while numerous small nodules were palpable on the limbs. Biopsy of subcutaneous nodule showed neurofibroma. Lisch nodules were identified on slit-lamp examination and grade I hypertensive retinopathy was present on fundoscopy. Clinical laboratory investigations revealed that renal and liver function tests, blood cells count, urinalysis, serum electrolytes, serum levels of renin and aldosterone, and 24-hour urine levels of catecholamines were all within normal ranges. Abdominal ultrasound and CT were normal. Both kidneys were of normal size. CT angiography showed right renal artery stenosis (>90%) at the ostium. The final diagnosis of NF1 with right renal artery stenosis and secondary hypertension was then made. The patient was treated with Procardin (30 mg/d) and improved with a significant decline in blood pressure. The main outcomes were to control blood pressure without necessarily proceeding with PTRA. We also present a review of the literature.ConclusionsNF1 may present with hypertension due to renal artery stenosis in children. All young patients (<30 year) with hypertension should be clinically screened for secondary causes of hypertension, including NF1, so that renal revascularization can be offered before permanent end organ damage has occurred. First-line management using medication alone could be appropriate, keeping the interventional options for when the patient's condition deteriorates.
Removal of reactive blue 19 from aqueous solution by pomegranate residual-based activated carbon: optimization by response surface methodology
Authors: Radaei Elham , Alavi Moghaddam Mohammad Reza , Arami Mokhtar 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
In this research, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize Reactive Blue 19 removal by activated carbon from pomegranate residual. A 24 full factorial central composite design (CCD) was applied to evaluate the effects of initial pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and contact time on the dye removal efficiency.

Methodology
The activated carbon prepared by 50 wt.% phosphoric acid activation under air condition at 500°C. The range of pH and initial dye concentration were selected in a way that considered a wide range of those variables. Furthermore, the range of contact time and adsorbent dose were determined based on initial tests. Levels of selected variables and 31 experiments were determined. MiniTab (version 16.1) was used for the regression and graphical analyses of the data obtained.

Results
It was found that the decrease of initial dye concentration and the increase of initial pH, adsorbent dose, and contact time are beneficial for improving the dye removal efficiency. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results presented high R2 value of 99.17% for Reactive Blue 19 dye removal, which indicates the accuracy of the polynomial model is acceptable.

Conclusions
Initial pH of 11, adsorbent dose of 1.025 g/L, initial dye concentration of 100 mg/L, and contact time of 6.8 minutes found to be the optimum conditions. Dye removal efficiency of 98.7% was observed experimentally at optimum point which confirmed close to model predicted (98.1%) result.
Do public work schemes deter or encourage outmigration? Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Chau Nancy H , Kanbur Ravi , Qin Yu 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
How does the introduction of rural public work schemes impact individual incentives to migrate? This paper examines this question in the context of rural public work program (Yigong-daizhen) in China, and unveils empirical evidence that suggest that the introduction of Yigong-daizhen projects in fact stimulates outmigration at the village level, after controlling for village characteristics, project types and province fixed effects. By furthermore accounting for the endogeneity of Yigong-daizhen placement using propensity score matching method, the impact of such projects is found to be consistent with the OLS estimation. These results are consistent with household migration behavior in the presence of significant cost of migration, and credit market imperfection.

JEL codes

H43; J61; O15
Dopamine transporter occupancy by methylphenidate and impulsivity in adult ADHD
Authors: Crunelle Cleo L. , van den Brink Wim , Dom Geert , Booij Jan 
Published: March 2014

SummaryImpulsivity is a multidimensional construct, including impulsive decision-making and impulsive action, representing relatively independent neurocircuitries. ADHD is treated with methylphenidate, a drug that binds to dopamine transporters. This study in 24 adult male patients with ADHD shows that dopamine transporter occupancy by methylphenidate in the putamen correlates with improvements in cognitive but not in motor impulsivity.
Pointwise multipliers for Campanato spaces on Gauss measure spaces
Authors: Liu Liguang , Yang Dachun 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this paper, the authors characterize pointwise multipliers for Campanato spaces on the Gauss measure space (ℝn,| · |,γ), which includes BMO(γ) as a special case. As applications, several examples of the pointwise multipliers are given. Also, the authors give an example of a nonnegative function in BMO(γ) but not in BLO(γ).
The length-force behavior and operating length range of squid muscle varies as a function of position in the mantle wall
Authors: Thompson Joseph T. , Shelton Ryan M. , Kier William M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractHollow cylindrical muscular organs are widespread in animals and are effective in providing support for locomotion and movement, yet are subject to significant non-uniformities in circumferential muscle strain. During contraction of the mantle of squid, the circular muscle fibers along the inner (lumen) surface of the mantle experience circumferential strains of 1.3 to 1.6 times greater than fibers along the outer surface of the mantle. This transmural gradient of strain may require the circular muscle fibers from near the inner and outer surfaces of the mantle to operate in different regions of the length-tension curve during a given mantle contraction cycle. We tested the hypothesis that circular muscle contractile properties vary transmurally in the mantle of the Atlantic longfin squid, Doryteuthis pealeii (Lesueur, 1821). We found that both the length-twitch force and length-tetanic force relationships of the obliquely striated, central mitochondria poor (CMP), circular muscle fibers varied with radial position in the mantle wall. CMP circular fibers near the inner surface of the mantle produced higher force, relative to maximum isometric tetanic force, P0, at all points along the ascending limb of the length-tension curve than CMP circular fibers near the outer surface of the mantle. The mean ± s.d. maximum isometric tetanic stresses at L0 (the preparation length that produced the maximum isometric tetanic force) of 212 ± 105 kN m-2 and 290 ± 166 kN m-2 for the fibers from the outer and inner surfaces of the mantle, respectively, did not differ significantly (p=0.29). The mean twitch:tetanus ratios for the outer and inner preparations, 0.60 ± 0.085 and 0.58 ± 0.10, respectively, did not differ significantly (p=0.67). The circular fibers did not exhibit length-dependent changes in contraction kinetics when given a twitch stimulus. As the stimulation frequency increased, L0 was about 1.06 times longer than LTW, the mean preparation length that yielded maximum isometric twitch force. Sonomicrometry experiments revealed that the CMP circular muscle fibers operated in vivo primarily along the ascending limb of the length-tension curve. The CMP fibers functioned routinely over muscle lengths at which force output ranged from only 85% to 40% of P0, and during escape jets from 100% to 30% of P0. Our work shows that the functional diversity of obliquely striated muscles is much greater than previously recognized.
Caesar on religio
Authors: North John 
Published: March 2014

Abstract In the course of his famous account of the Gallic Wars, Julius Caesar breaks off and digresses for a few chapters (6.11−28) on the religious customs of the Gauls and the Germans. This paper argues that, while there may not be too much to be learned from the digression about its ostensible subjects, it gives us a unique opportunity to assess whether Caesar had a conception of a ‘religion’ as such, of an area of religious activities and ideas within different societies, which would have enabled him to write a comparison between Roman religious life, about which as pontifex maximus he knew a good deal, and those of these other societies about which he knew at least a little. The conclusion is that he has no such conception; that his account allows no sharp distinction between the religious and non-religious areas of Gallic, German or Roman life. Rather he reveals an evolutionary perspective in which the superiority of Rome over the Gauls, and of Gauls over Germans, provide the central message he succeeds, consciously or not, in conveying.
Supplemental Persuasive Analogies in PGM V.70–95
Authors: Jendza Craig 
Published: March 2014

Abstract This analysis of PGM V. 70 - 95 suggests that the persuasive analogy at the heart of the spell, “let the eye of the thief be struck and let it swell up until it betrays him”, is reinforced by a system of supplemental persuasive analogies, consisting of similar transformations in the magical ingredients (materia magica), the syllables of the incantation (voces magicae), and the graphic arrangement of magical vowels (carmina figurata). By comparing these techniques with those found in other spells and in the Hellenistic technopaignia pattern poems, we can more accurately pinpoint the significance of each technique within a given spell. In addition to providing a model for determining supplemental persuasive analogies in other spells, this study proposes that a convergence of numerous analogies indicates a high level of theoretical expertise for the magician, presenting scholars with a method for ascertaining the learnedness of individual practitioners.
The complexity of ELF
Authors: Baird Robert , Baker Will , Kitazawa Mariko 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This paper sets out theoretical approaches to language that guide the authors' research in the field, but which have been under-represented in literature. As the English as a lingua franca field of enquiry grows, this article provides needed dialogue, consideration, and reflection over how we conceptualise our subject matter, our roles, and our rhetorical stances. This paper proposes the usefulness of considering the complexity of language, not as something that gets in the way of empiricism or clarity, but as something that makes ELF researchers perfectly positioned to investigate and contribute to wider understandings of language. Complexity theory is drawn upon as a conceptual tool that can be useful in guiding our thinking about the dynamic nature of language, which, in turn, is considered in relation to the reasons why language is complex, namely its roles in relation to practices and contextualisation. Having established our approaches to the complexity of the language in ELF scenarios, we propose implications for ELF researchers' treatment of speakers, language, and ideology.
Avoidable Hospitalizations in Youth With Kidney Failure After Transfer to or With Only Adult Care
Authors: Samuel Susan M. , Nettel-Aguirre Alberto , Soo Andrea , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Tonelli Marcello , Foster Bethany 
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE:
Hospital admissions for ambulatory care–sensitive conditions (also called avoidable hospitalizations) are a measure of quality and access to outpatient care. We determined if young patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at increased risk of avoidable hospitalizations.

METHODS:
A national organ failure registry was used to identify patients with ESRD onset at &lt;22 years of age between April 1, 2001, and March 31, 2010, who had received care in an adult care facility after age 15 years. The cohort was linked to the national hospitalizations database to identify avoidable hospitalizations relevant for young patients with ESRD. Patients were followed up until death, loss to follow-up, or study end. Two groups were studied: (1) patients transferred from pediatric to adult care; and (2) patients receiving ESRD care exclusively in adult centers. We determined the association between overall and avoidable hospitalization rates and both age and transfer status by using Poisson regression models.

RESULTS:
Our cohort included 349 patients. Among the 92 (26.4%) patients transferred to adult care during the study period, avoidable hospitalization rates were highest during the period 3 to &lt;4 years after transfer (rate ratio: 3.19 [95% confidence interval: 1.42–7.18]) compared with the last year in pediatric care. Among the 257 (73.6%) patients who received ESRD care exclusively in adult centers, avoidable hospitalization rates increased with age.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among those who were transferred to adult care, avoidable hospitalization rates increased after transfer. Avoidable hospitalization rates increased with age in ESRD patients who received care in adult centers. Young patients with ESRD are at increased risk of avoidable hospitalizations.
Greenhouse gas emissions from shale gas and coal for electricity generation in South Africa
Authors: Cohen Brett , Winkler Harald 
Published: March 2014

There is increased interest, both in South Africa and globally, in the use of shale gas for electricity and
energy supply. The exploitation of shale gas is, however, not without controversy, because of the reported
environmental impacts associated with its extraction. The focus of this article is on the greenhouse gas
footprint of shale gas, which some literature suggests may be higher than what would have been expected
as a consequence of the contribution of fugitive emissions during extraction, processing and transport.
Based on some studies, it has been suggested that life-cycle emissions may be higher than those from
coal-fired power. Here we review a number of studies and analyse the data to provide a view of the likely
greenhouse gas emissions from producing electricity from shale gas, and compare these emissions to
those of coal-fired power in South Africa. Consideration was given to critical assumptions that determine the
relative performance of the two sources of feedstock for generating electricity – that is the global warming
potential of methane and the extent of fugitive emissions. The present analysis suggests that a 100-year time
horizon is appropriate in analysis related to climate change, over which period the relative contribution is
lower than for shorter periods. The purpose is to limit temperature increase in the long term and the choice
of metric should be appropriate. The analysis indicates that, regardless of the assumptions about fugitive
emissions and the period over which global warming potential is assessed, shale gas has lower greenhouse
gas emissions per MWh of electricity generated than coal. Depending on various factors, electricity from
shale gas would have a specific emissions intensity between 0.3 tCO
2
/MWh and 0.6 tCO
2
/MWh, compared
with about 1 tCO
2
/MWh for coal-fired electricity in South Africa.