bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of current practices to increase Chlamydia screening in the community – a consumer‐centred social marketing perspective
Authors: Phillipson Lyn , Gordon Ross , Telenta Joanne , Magee Chris , Janssen Marty 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundChlamydia trachomatis is one of the most frequently reported sexually transmitted infections (STI) in Australia, the UK and Europe. Yet, rates of screening for STIs remain low, especially in younger adults.ObjectiveTo assess effectiveness of Chlamydia screening interventions targeting young adults in community‐based settings, describe strategies utilized and assess them according to social marketing benchmark criteria.Search strategyA systematic review of relevant literature between 2002 and 2012 in Medline, Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Scopus and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health was undertaken.ResultsOf 18 interventions identified, quality of evidence was low. Proportional screening rates varied, ranging from: 30.9 to 62.5% in educational settings (n = 4), 4.8 to 63% in media settings (n = 6) and from 5.7 to 44.5% in other settings (n = 7). Assessment against benchmark criteria found that interventions incorporating social marketing principles were more likely to achieve positive results, yet few did this comprehensively. Most demonstrated customer orientation and addressed barriers to presenting to a clinic for screening. Only one addressed barriers to presenting for treatment after a positive result. Promotional messages typically focused on providing facts and accessing a testing kit. Risk assessment tools appeared to promote screening among higher risk groups. Few evaluated treatment rates following positive results; therefore, impact of screening on treatment rates remains unknown.DiscussionFuture interventions should consider utilizing a comprehensive social marketing approach, using formative research to increase insight and segmentation and tailoring of screening interventions. Easy community access to both screening and treatment should be prioritized.
Prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity using mobile and wireless technologies: a systematic review
Authors: Turner T. , Spruijt‐Metz D. , Wen C. K. F. , Hingle M. D. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryMobile health (mHealth) is a relatively nascent field, with a variety of technologies being explored and developed. Because of the explosive growth in this field, it is of interest to examine the design, development and efficacy of various interventions as research becomes available. This systematic review examines current use of mHealth technologies in the prevention or treatment of pediatric obesity to catalogue the types of technologies utilized and the impact of mHealth to improve obesity‐related outcomes in youth. Of the 4021 articles that were identified, 41 articles met inclusion criteria. Seventeen intervention studies incorporated mHealth as the primary or supplementary treatment. The remaining articles were in the beginning stages of research development and most often described moderate‐to‐high usability, feasibility and acceptability. Although few effects were observed on outcomes such as body mass index, increases in physical activity, self‐reported breakfast and fruit and vegetable consumption, adherence to treatment, and self‐monitoring were observed. Findings from this review suggest that mHealth approaches are feasible and acceptable tools in the prevention and treatment of pediatric obesity. The large heterogeneity in research designs highlights the need for more agile scientific processes that can keep up with the speed of technology development.
Rat animal model for preclinical testing of microparticle urethral bulking agents
Authors: Mann‐Gow Travis K , Blaivas Jerry G , King Benjamin J , El‐Ghannam Ahmed , Knabe Christine , Lam Michael K , Kida Masatoshi , Sikavi Cameron S , Plante Mark K , Krhut Jan , Zvara Peter 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesTo develop an economic, practical and readily available animal model for preclinical testing of urethral bulking therapies, as well as to establish feasible experimental methods that allow for complete analysis of hard microparticle bulking agents.MethodsAlumina ceramic beads suspended in hyaluronic acid were injected into the proximal urethra of 15 female rats under an operating microscope. We assessed overall lower urinary tract function, bulking material intraurethral integrity and local host tissue response over time. Microphotographs were taken during injection and again 6 months postoperatively, before urethral harvest. Urinary flow rate and voiding frequency were assessed before and after injection. At 6 months, the urethra was removed and embedded in resin. Hard tissue sections were cut using a sawing microtome, and processed for histological analysis using scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy and immunohistochemistry.ResultsMicrophotographs of the urethra showed complete volume retention of the bulking agent at 6 months. There was no significant difference between average urinary frequency and mean urinary flow rate at 1 and 3 months postinjection as compared with baseline. Scanning electron microscopy proved suitable for evaluation of microparticle size and integrity, as well as local tissue remodeling. Light microscopy and immunohistochemistry allowed for evaluation of an inflammatory host tissue reaction to the bulking agent.ConclusionsThe microsurgical injection technique, in vivo physiology and novel hard tissue processing for histology, described in the present study, will allow for future comprehensive preclinical testing of urethral bulking therapy agents containing microparticles made of a hard material.
Self‐efficacy in providing smoking‐cessation services among psychiatric nurses in central and southern Taiwan: An exploratory study
Authors: Guo Su‐Er , Wang Ai‐Ling , Shu Bih‐Ching 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSmoking by psychiatric patients remains prevalent. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to understand the influence of self‐efficacy and its correlates among psychiatric nurses when providing smoking‐cessation services (SCS). A convenience sample of 193 nurses from psychiatric institutions was obtained. Surveys were conducted using self‐report measures regarding SCS provided by psychiatric nurses. The survey questions focused on self‐efficacy, attitude, practical experience, and smoke‐free policies, and their implementation in the workplace. The participants reported low self‐efficacy for providing SCS in their self‐assessment, as demonstrated by their scores of 55.3 ± 20.4, on a scale of 0 (low confidence) to 100 (high confidence). Using multiple linear regressions, statistically‐significant, relevant factors included perceived provider‐related barriers in providing SCS, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, the nurse's attitude towards a patient smoking, and the nurse's frequency and practical experience in providing SCS. The correlates of this self‐efficacy can serve as a reference for in‐service curriculum planning of SCS by psychiatric nurses. In addition, policies to limit exposure to second‐hand tobacco smoke should be explored.
Neurodevelopmental and behavioural paediatrics
Authors: McDowell Michael 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOne of the notable shifts in Paediatrics across the last 50 years has been towards disorders that are chronic and qualitative in nature. In addition to physical health, these impact on childhood development, behaviour and wellbeing. Understanding and management of these problems extends the traditional biological toolkit of paediatrics into the complexities of uncertainties of psychological and social context. In Australasia, the profession has responded with the development of Community Paediatrics as a recognised sub‐specialty, of which Neurodevelopmental and Behavioural Paediatrics is an important component. These developments are reviewed along with consideration of future challenges for this field of health care.
An explosion, a tsunami, a runaway train: Half a century of genetics
Authors: Kirk Edwin P 
Published: January 2015

AbstractLet's face it. There is no way of writing about the last half century of genetics without getting a little bit excitable. All of the terms in the title of this piece have been used by otherwise level‐headed geneticists to describe the pace of change in genetics over the past few years. The thing is – they are right. Genetics is moving faster and faster. Five years ago, few people would have predicted that we would be where we are today. Five years from now, presumably, it will seem like 2015 was some kind of Dark Age when nothing much was happening. So it would be easy to lose perspective on the achievements of the past, or to assume that nothing much was happening in genetics until recently. However, everything that is happening in genetics now rests on the foundations built up over the past century, and particularly the past half century. And through that time, this journal has been a part of that story.
Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance rates in commercially insured patients with noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Goldberg D. S. , Valderrama A. , Kamalakar R. , Sansgiry S. S. , Babajanyan S. , Lewis J. D. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryAmerican association for the study of liver diseases (AASLD) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) guidelines recommend biannual hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening for noncirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis B infection (HBV), yet there are no data estimating surveillance rates or factors associated with surveillance. We performed a retrospective cohort study of US patients using the Truven Health Analytics databases from 2006 to 2010 and identified patients with noncirrhotic chronic HBV. Surveillance patterns were characterized using categorical and continuous outcomes, with the continuous measure of the proportion of time ‘up to date’ with surveillance (PUTDS), with the 6‐month interval following each ultrasound categorized as ‘up to date’. During a median follow‐up of 26.0 (IQR: 16.2–40.0) months among 4576 noncirrhotic patients with chronic HBV (median age: 44 years, IQR: 36–52), only 306 (6.7%) had complete surveillance (one ultrasound every 6‐month interval), 2727 (59.6%) incomplete (≥1 ultrasound) and 1543 (33.7%) none. The mean PUTDS was 0.34 ± 0.29, and the median was 0.32 (IQR: 0.03–0.52). In multinomial logistic regression models, patients diagnosed by a nongastroenterologist were significantly less likely to have complete surveillance (P < 0.001), as were those coinfected with HBV/HIV (P < 0.001). In linear regression models, nongastroenterologist provider, health insurance subtype, HBV/HIV coinfection, rural status and metabolic syndrome were independently associated with decreased surveillance. Patients with HIV had an absolute decrease in the PUTDS of 0.24, while patients in less populated rural areas had an absolute decrease of 0.10. HCC surveillance rates in noncirrhotic patients with chronic HBV in the United States are poor and lower than reported rates of HCC surveillance in cirrhotic patients.
Supraspinal Projection of Serotonergic and Noradrenergic Pathways Modulates Nociceptive Transmission in the Lower Urinary Tract of Rats
Authors: MITSUI Takahiko , KANNO Yukiko , KITTA Takeya , MORIYA Kimihiko , NONOMURA Katsuya 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of descending serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways on nociception in the lower urinary tract (LUT).MethodsFemale Sprague–Dawley rats were used. Following intraperitoneal administration of Vehicle or Milnacipran (30 mg/kg), which is one of serotonin‐noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), 0.1% AA was infused into the bladder in normal (n = 4, each) and spinal cord injury (SCI) (n = 4, each) rats for 2 h on consciousness, and c‐Fos, 5‐HT and DβH were stained using immunohistochemistry at the L6 spinal cord as spinal areas associated with LUT.ResultsIn SCI rats, 5‐HT or DβH‐positive fibers were not observed at the L6 spinal cord, while there were many 5‐HT and DβH‐positive fibers in normal rats. The total number of c‐Fos‐positive cells was significantly increased in SCI rats compared to Normal rats (209.4 ± 7.1 in Normal, 336.4 ± 28.9 in SCI, P < 0.05), which indicated that interruption of supraspinal modulation enhances nocieptive transmission in the LUT. Regarding the effect of Milnacipran administration, the number of c‐Fos‐positive cells was significantly decreased at all region of the L6 spinal cord in normal rats (P < 0.05), while this reduction was not observed in SCI rats. This result demonstrated that administration of SNRI attenuates nocieptive transmission in the LUT, indicating that 5‐HT and noradrenaline work as mediators of endogenous analgesic mechanisms through the supraspinal descending pain pathways.ConclusionsSupraspinal projections of descending serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways to the lower lumbar spinal cord modulate nocieptive transmission in the LUT. Administration of SNRI attenuates nocieptive transmission in the LUT, which could result from enhancement of modulating descending serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways.
A single‐center strategy to minimize blood transfusion in neonates and children undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Naguib Aymen N. , Winch Peter D. , Tobias Joseph D. , Simsic Janet , Hersey Diane , Nicol Kathleen , Preston Thomas , Gomez Daniel , McConnell Patrick , Galantowicz Mark 
Published: January 2015

SummaryBackgroundThe transfusion of blood products in the setting of uncontrolled bleeding is unquestionably lifesaving. However, in many instances, the decision to transfuse is based on physician gestalt rather than medical evidence. When indications for transfusion are unclear, the benefits of blood products must be balanced against their significant risks and associated costs. As our institution is a referral center for patients of Jehovah's Witness faith, this population has pushed our development of techniques to achieve the goal of bloodless surgery. Our practices in caring for this population have become our standard practice for managing all patients undergoing congenital cardiac surgery.ObjectivesTo evaluate our success in minimizing the use of blood products during pediatric cardiac surgery.MethodsAfter IRB approval, we retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent cardiac surgery utilizing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), for biventricular repair procedures. The study was conducted at a single institution (Nationwide Children's Hospital (NCH)) during the period: January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2013.ResultsA total of 209 patients were included. Overall, 81 patients (38.8%) and 81 of 136 (59.6%) weighing more than 6 kg received no blood products (bloodless) during their entire hospital stay. Bloodless surgery was most successful in patients weighing more than 18 kg, followed by patients weighing 6–18 kg. All 73 patients who weighed <6 kg received blood transfusion during their hospitalization.ConclusionThe techniques that we have developed to initially care for our Jehovah's Witness families may be applied to other pediatric and adult surgical procedures.
Multidisciplinary Lung Cancer Meetings: Improving the practice of radiation oncology and facing future challenges
Authors: Campbell Belinda A. , Ball David , Mornex Françoise 
Published: January 2015

AbstractClinical guidelines widely recognize the importance of multidisciplinary meetings (MDM) in the optimal care of lung cancer patients. The published literature suggest that dedicated Lung Cancer MDM lead to increased treatment utilization rates and improved survival outcomes for patients with lung cancer. For radiation oncologists, Lung Cancer MDM have been proven to support evidence‐based practice and improve the utilization of radiotherapy. Lung Cancer MDM also allow for education and promotion of specialty radiotherapy services. The fast pace of modern medicine is also presenting new challenges for the multidisciplinary lung cancer team, and technological advances are likely to lead to new changes in the structure of traditional Lung Cancer MDM.
Sedimentology, three‐dimensional geobody reconstruction and carbon dioxide origin of Pleistocene travertine deposits in the Ballık area (south‐west Turkey)
Authors: Claes Hannes , Soete Jeroen , Van Noten Koen , El Desouky Hamdy , Marques Erthal Marcelle , Vanhaecke Frank , Özkul Mehmet , Swennen Rudy 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe Denizli Basin in the West Anatolian Extensional Province in western Turkey is well‐known for its numerous travertine occurrences. A combined sedimentological, diagenetic and geochemical investigation is executed on the Ece and Faber travertines of the Ballık area, the largest travertine site in the Denizli Basin. The first aim of this study is the reconstruction of a three‐dimensional geo‐model in combination with a detailed sedimentological description from fabric to lithotype, lithofacies and geobody scale, with a focus on integrating pore‐typing. The second aim involves the delineation of the CO2‐origin of ancient travertine precipitating waters. Peloidal, phyto and dendritic lithotypes dominate the studied travertines and honeycomb and bacteriform shapes and encrusted bacterial or fungal filaments related to their fabrics suggest a microbial influence. The environment of travertine precipitation evolved from dominantly sub‐aqueous, as represented by the sub‐horizontal and biostromal reed travertine facies, to dominantly sub‐aerial in a thin water film, resulting in the cascade, waterfall and biohermal reed travertine facies. A general progradation of the travertine mound is indicated by the occurrence of stacked waterfall travertines. This results in sigmoidal clinoforms inside a general mound boundary configuration. Strontium and oxygen‐carbon isotope signatures of the travertines point to a mixing mechanism of palaeofluids with deeply originated, heavy carbon CO2 with lighter carbon CO2 of shallow origin. These deposits can thus be considered as endogenic travertines. Carbonates of the Lycian Nappes acted as main parent carbon source rocks. The relative contribution of the lighter carbon isotopes is most likely to have originated from organic matter or soil CO2. This study provides a unique three‐dimensional insight into the Ballık travertine architecture that potentially can be used as an analogue for subsurface travertine reservoirs worldwide and illustrates the importance of the combined use of δ13C and 87Sr/86Sr signatures in the delineation of the CO2‐origin of travertine precipitating waters.
Cryptosporidium infection after renal transplantation in an endemic area
Authors: Bhadauria D. , Goel A. , Kaul A. , Sharma R.K. , Gupta A. , Ruhela V. , Gupta A. , Vardhan H. , Prasad N. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundCryptosporidium is one of the common causes of infective diarrhea in post‐transplant patients in endemic areas. However, data are limited on Cryptosporidium infection in recipients of solid organ transplantation. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, disease manifestation, management, and outcome of Cryptosporidium infection in living‐donor renal transplant recipients (RTR).MethodsWe performed a detailed retrospective review of the data on all RTR who had diarrheal illness requiring evaluation and hospitalization, and Cryptosporidium infection.ResultsDuring the study period, 119/1235 (8.98%) RTR developed diarrhea, and Cryptosporidium was found in 34/119 (28.5%). Nine of 680 (1.3%) patients were on a cyclosporine (CSA)‐based regimen, and 25/643 (3.8%) patients were on a tacrolimus (Tac)‐based regimen. The relative risk of developing Cryptosporidium infection was lower on the CSA‐based regimen, compared with the Tac‐based regimen (odds ratio [OR]: 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17–0.72, P = 0.003). Twelve of the 34 patients had acute graft dysfunction, mainly caused by combined Tac toxicity and dehydration. Mean serum creatinine and trough Tac level were 2.04 ± 0.65 mg/dL and 8.24 ± 1.19 ng/dL, respectively. Nitazoxanide alone was used in 13 patients, and nitazoxanide in combination with fluoroquinolone in 21 patients, with duration of treatment ranging from 16 to 60 days. Tac was changed to CSA in 8/11 patients. The clearance of cysts and response to nitazoxanide alone were significantly lower, compared with combination therapy (61.53% vs. 95.23%, P = 0.01, 38.46 vs. 85.71%, P = 0.004, respectively). The OR for cyst clearance and response was also significantly lower with nitazoxanide alone, in comparison with combination therapy (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.34–0.92, P = 0.01, OR: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.21–0.81, respectively). Four (16%) of 24 patients with response had relapse.ConclusionPatients with Tac and mycophenolate mofetil combination therapy had a significantly high risk of Cryptosporidium infection. Cryptosporidial infection may require prolonged nitazoxanide therapy, either alone or in combination, with or without reduction in immunosuppression.
Practice variation in Aspergillus prophylaxis and treatment among lung transplant centers: a national survey
Authors: He S.Y. , Makhzoumi Z.H. , Singer J.P. , Chin‐Hong P.V. , Arron S.T. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundFungal infections remain a substantial cause of mortality in lung transplant (LTx) recipients, yet no comprehensive consensus guidelines have been established for antifungal prophylaxis and treatment of Aspergillus infection in these patients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study surveyed the directors from 27 of 64 (45.5%) active LTx centers in the United States to examine clinical practice variations in Aspergillus prophylaxis and treatment of colonization and invasive aspergillosis (IA) in LTx recipients.ResultsAntifungal prophylaxis increased from 52.3% in 2011 to 77.8% in 2013, with the most common agent being inhaled amphotericin B (61.9%), followed by oral voriconazole (51.9%). A total of 74.1% of centers treat Aspergillus airway colonization, with 80.0% of centers using oral voriconazole. All centers treat IA, with 92.6% using oral voriconazole. The duration of Aspergillus prophylaxis and treatment of colonization or IA varied widely across centers from 3 months to >1 year. A total of 51.9% of centers reported internal practice variations in the treatment of IA. Factors guiding treatment decisions included microbiologic culture and sensitivity (74.1%), ease of administration (59.3%), interaction with other medications (55.5%), side effect profile (51.8%), and center guidelines (48.1%). Although 85.2% of LTx centers recommended routine skin cancer screening for LTx recipients, only 44.4% of LTx centers reported having a dedicated transplant dermatologist.ConclusionMost active US LTx centers currently employ antifungal prophylaxis and treat Aspergillus colonization and IA, although choice of agent, route of administration, and duration of therapy across and within centers continue to differ substantially. The number of transplant dermatologists available among US LTx centers is limited. Overall, a strong need exists for more comprehensive consensus guidelines to direct antifungal prophylaxis and treatment of Aspergillus infection in LTx recipients.