bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenotype of matrin‐3–related distal myopathy in 16 German patients
Authors: Müller Tobias J. , Kraya Torsten , Stoltenburg‐Didinger Gisela , Hanisch Frank , Kornhuber Malte , Stoevesandt Dietrich , Senderek Jan , Weis Joachim , Baum Petra , Deschauer Marcus , Zierz Stephan 
Published: August 2014

ObjectiveTo characterize the phenotype of patients with distal myopathy with vocal cord and pharyngeal weakness due to the p.S85C mutation in the matrin‐3 gene (MATR3, Mendelian Inheritance in Man 164015). Recently, it has been suggested that patients with this mutation may suffer from familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.MethodsSixteen patients from 6 families with late onset distal myopathy associated with the p.S85C MATR3 mutation were characterized.ResultsPatients had a predominantly distal muscle weakness, most severely affecting ankle and wrist dorsiflexion. Relevant proximal and axial weakness was found in 6 and respiratory impairment in 5 patients. Dysphagia was diagnosed in 6 and mild voice abnormalities were found in 7 patients. However, laryngoscopy revealed normal vocal cord function. Creatine kinase was normal or mildly elevated. Electromyographically, spontaneous activity was found in 10 of 14 patients and complex repetitive discharges in 9 of 14 patients. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed severe fatty degeneration of distal and upper posterior leg and of paraspinal muscles. Histopathology ranged from mild myopathic to severe dystrophic changes including vacuoles. Absence of sarcomeres in the perinuclear region and abnormal invaginations of nuclei were found ultrastructurally. Haplotype analysis showed a common disease‐specific haplotype of the 6 families and suggested that these families form a separate cluster.InterpretationIn contrast to the 2 previously reported families, MATR3‐related distal myopathy might be associated with relevant axial, proximal, and respiratory muscle weakness but without vocal cord palsy. There were no clinical, electrophysiological, or histopathological signs of lower motor neuron involvement. Ann Neurol 2014;76:669–680
Synthese von katalytisch stabilen und sinterbeständigen Palladium‐Nanopartikeln auf der inneren Oberfläche von Kohlenstoff‐Nanoröhren
Authors: Liu Hongyang , Zhang Liyun , Wang Ning , Su Dang Sheng 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDie effiziente Synthese von Kohlenstoff‐Nanoröhren (CNTs) mit eingebetteten Metall‐Nanopartikeln ist ein herausfordernder Prozess. Wir stellen eine templatgesteuerte Prozedur für die Herstellung von CNTs vor, auf deren Innenwänden homogen strukturierte Pd‐Nanopartikel eingebettet sind. Dieses neuartige Nanokomposit zeigt eine den herkömmlichen Pd/CNT‐Katalysatoren deutlich überlegene Sinterbeständigkeit. Es ist überdies in hohem Maße wiederverwendbar, was in einer Suzuki‐Kupplung in flüssiger Phase getestet wurde. Die Syntheseroute könnte als allgemeiner Ansatz für die Herstellung unterschiedlicher Metall‐Nanopartikel auf CNT‐Trägern dienen.
Re‐Appearance of Cooperativity in Ultra‐Small Spin‐Crossover [Fe(pz){Ni(CN)4}] Nanoparticles
Authors: Peng Haonan , Tricard Simon , Félix Gautier , Molnár Gábor , Nicolazzi William , Salmon Lionel , Bousseksou Azzedine 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA reverse nanoemulsion technique was used for the elaboration of [Fe(pz){Ni(CN)4}] nanoparticles. Low‐temperature micellar exchange made it possible to elaborate ultra‐small nanoparticles with sizes down to 2 nm. When decreasing the size of the particles from 110 to 12 nm the spin transition shifts to lower temperatures, becomes gradual, and the hysteresis shrinks. On the other hand, a re‐opening of the hysteresis was observed for smaller (2 nm) particles. A detailed 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy analysis was used to correlate this unusual phenomenon to the modification of the stiffness of the nanoparticles thanks to the determination of their Debye temperature.
Flavin Redox Bifurcation as a Mechanism for Controlling the Direction of Electron Flow during Extracellular Electron Transfer
Authors: Okamoto Akihiro , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Nealson Kenneth H. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe iron‐reducing bacterium Shewanella oneidensis MR‐1 has a dual directional electronic conduit involving 40 heme redox centers in flavin‐binding outer‐membrane c‐type cytochromes (OM c‐Cyts). While the mechanism for electron export from the OM c‐Cyts to an anode is well understood, how the redox centers in OM c‐Cyts take electrons from a cathode has not been elucidated at the molecular level. Electrochemical analysis of live cells during switching from anodic to cathodic conditions showed that altering the direction of electron flow does not require gene expression or protein synthesis, but simply redox potential shift about 300 mV for a flavin cofactor interacting with the OM c‐Cyts. That is, the redox bifurcation of the riboflavin cofactor in OM c‐Cyts switches the direction of electron conduction in the biological conduit at the cell–electrode interface to drive bacterial metabolism as either anode or cathode catalysts.
Formation of Nanoparticles and Nanostructures—An Industrial Perspective on CaCO3, Cement, and Polymers
Authors: Rieger Jens , Kellermeier Matthias , Nicoleau Luc 
Published: August 2014

AbstractNanotechnology enables the design of materials with outstanding performance. A key element of nanotechnology is the ability to manipulate and control matter on the nanoscale to achieve a certain desired set of specific properties. Here, we discuss recent insight into the formation mechanisms of inorganic nanoparticles during precipitation reactions. We focus on calcium carbonate, and describe the various transient stages potentially occurring on the way from the dissolved constituent ions to finally stable macrocrystals—including solute ion clusters, dense liquid phases, amorphous intermediates, and nanoparticles. The role of polymers in nucleating, templating, stabilizing, and/or preventing these structures is outlined. As a specific example for applied nanotechnology, the properties of cement are shown to be determined by the formation and interlocking of calcium‐silicate‐hydrate nanoplatelets. The aggregation of these platelets into mesoscale architectures can be controlled with polymers.
Aldehyde‐Assisted Ruthenium(II)‐Catalyzed CH Oxygenations
Authors: Yang Fanzhi , Rauch Karsten , Kettelhoit Katharina , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: August 2014

AbstractVersatile ruthenium(II) complexes allow for site‐selective CH oxygenations with weakly‐coordinating aldehydes. The challenging CH functionalizations proceed with high chemoselectivity by rate‐determining CH metalation. The new method features an ample substrate scope, which sets the stage for the step‐economical preparation of various bioactive heterocycles.
Palladium Nanoparticles Embedded in the Inner Surfaces of Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Catalytic Activity, and Sinter Resistance
Authors: Liu Hongyang , Zhang Liyun , Wang Ning , Su Dang Sheng 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe highly efficient preparation of metal nanoparticles embedded in a carbon nanotube remains a considerable challenge. Herein, we report a simple and template‐based procedure for the fabrication of carbon nanotubes with Pd nanoparticles uniformly embedded in the inner carbon surfaces. In addition to the novel structure, the sinter‐resistance of the as‐prepared Pd/C nanocomposite was much better than that of the traditional carbon‐nanotube‐supported Pd catalysts. The as‐prepared Pd/C nanocomposite has a high recyclability in a liquid‐phase Suzuki coupling reaction. This strategy may be extended as a general approach to prepare metal nanoparticles supported on carbon‐nanotubes.
Silver‐releasing and antibacterial activities of polyphenol‐based polyurethanes
Authors: Chen Jia , Peng Ying , Zheng Zhen , Sun Peiyu , Wang Xinling 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTInspired by mussel adhesive proteins, catechol functional groups play an important role in the ability of the mussel to adhere to organic and inorganic surfaces. A novel functional polyurethane (PU) based on hydrolysable tannins that contain a number of catechol groups was successfully synthesized and characterized. These catechol groups were used as a reducer for Ag (I) to form Ag (0), and to prepare polyurethane/silver nanoparticles composites. These kinds of polyurethane containing Ag nanoparticles showed obvious inhibition of bacterial growth because of the conjunct actions of the well‐known antibacterial property of silver and the antifouling property of PEG. It is possible for these materials to be applied widely into antibacterial adhesive coatings for surface modification due to their low cost and the material‐independent adhesive property of catechol groups in tannins. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41349.
Genome engineering and gene expression control for bacterial strain development
Authors: Song Chan Woo , Lee Joungmin , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: August 2014

AbstractIn recent years, a number of techniques and tools have been developed for genome engineering and gene expression control to achieve desired phenotypes of various bacteria. Here we review and discuss the recent advances in bacterial genome manipulation and gene expression control techniques, and their actual uses with accompanying examples. Genome engineering has been commonly performed based on homologous recombination. During such genome manipulation, the counterselection systems employing SacB or nucleases have mainly been used for the efficient selection of desired engineered strains. The recombineering technology enables simple and more rapid manipulation of the bacterial genome. The group II intron‐mediated genome engineering technology is another option for some bacteria that are difficult to be engineered by homologous recombination. Due to the increasing demands on high‐throughput screening of bacterial strains having the desired phenotypes, several multiplex genome engineering techniques have recently been developed and validated in some bacteria. Another approach to achieve desired bacterial phenotypes is the repression of target gene expression without the modification of genome sequences. This can be performed by expressing antisense RNA, small regulatory RNA, or CRISPR RNA to repress target gene expression at the transcriptional or translational level. All of these techniques allow efficient and rapid development and screening of bacterial strains having desired phenotypes, and more advanced techniques are expected to be seen.
Photon up‐conversion increases biomass yield in Chlorella vulgaris
Authors: Menon Kavya R. , Jose Steffi , Suraishkumar Gadi K. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractPhoton up‐conversion, a process whereby lower energy radiations are converted to higher energy levels via the use of appropriate phosphor systems, was employed as a novel strategy for improving microalgal growth and lipid productivity. Photon up‐conversion enables the utilization of regions of the solar spectrum, beyond the typical photosynthetically active radiation, that are usually wasted or are damaging to the algae. The effects of up‐conversion of red light by two distinct sets of up‐conversion phosphors were studied in the model microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. Up‐conversion by set 1 phosphors led to a 2.85 fold increase in biomass concentration and a 3.2 fold increase in specific growth rate of the microalgae. While up‐conversion by set 2 phosphors resulted in a 30% increase in biomass and 12% increase in specific intracellular neutral lipid, while the specific growth rates were comparable to that of the control. Furthermore, up‐conversion resulted in higher levels of specific intracellular reactive oxygen species in C. vulgaris. Up‐conversion of red light (654 nm) was shown to improve biomass yields in C. vulgaris. In principle, up‐conversion can be used to increase the utilization range of the electromagnetic spectrum for improved cultivation of photosynthetic systems such as plants, algae, and microalgae.
Identification of EGFR expression status association with metastatic lymph node density (ND) by expression microarray analysis of advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Ema Akira , Waraya Mina , Yamashita Keishi , Kokubo Kenichi , Kobayashi Hirosuke , Hoshi Keika , Shinkai Yoshiko , Kawamata Hiroshi , Nakamura Kazunori , Nishimiya Hiroshi , Katada Natsuya , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMetastatic lymph node density (ND) has been reproducibly proven to be a prognostic factor in gastric cancer. The molecular mechanisms that underlie this aggressiveness are underexplored. Here, we aimed to identify molecules associated with this unique phenotype. Tumor specimens from patients with stage III gastric cancer with high or low ND (n = 4 for both) were compared at the mRNA level using Affymetrix microarray (harboring 54,675 genes). The expression data were prioritized, and genes that correlated with ND were selected. Ultimately, the EGFR was validated as such a candidate molecule in patients with primary advanced gastric cancer who underwent standard treatment (n = 167). Expression data of the microarray were prioritized based on gene expression ratio and frequency of gene expression. The first priority genes to be selected were genes that are known to be amplified in cancer, which included NKX2.1, CHST9, CTNND2, SLC25A27, FGFR2, EGFR, and PTGER1. Of these genes, the EGFR gene was of particular interest. EGFR expression in primary gastric cancer was examined using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The Student's t‐test elucidated a significant difference in EGFR expression between IHC 2+/3+ and IHC 1+ according to ND (P = 0.0035). The Chi‐square test also indicated a significant difference between high and low levels of EGFR immunohistochemical staining (IHC2+/3+ and IHC1+, respectively) and ND status (P = 0.0023). According to the least squares method, as ND increased, the risk that EGFR staining levels changed from IHC 1+ to IHC 2+ also increased. In this study, we determined that high EGFR expression may underlie the aggressive mechanism of advanced gastric cancer with high ND.
Probing Ambiguous Base‐Pairs by Genetic Transformation with XNA Templates
Authors: Pezo Valérie , Schepers Guy , Lambertucci Catia , Marlière Philippe , Herdewijn Piet 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe templating potential of anhydrohexitol oligonucleotides bearing ambiguous bases was studied in vivo, by using a selection screen for mosaic heteroduplex plasmids in Escherichia coli. 1,5‐Anhydro‐2,3‐dideoxy‐2‐(5‐nitroindazol‐1‐yl)‐D‐arabino‐hexitol showed the greatest ambiguity among the three nucleosides tested. At most two successive ambiguous bases could be tolerated on hexitol templates read in bacterial cells. Hexitol nucleosides bearing simplified heterocycles thus stand as promising monomers for generating random DNA sequences in vivo from defined synthetic oligonucleotides.
Substrate Requirements for Palladium–Aluminium Triflate Co‐catalysed Hydromethoxycarbonylation Reactions of Alkynes Bearing Oxygen Atoms
Authors: Makume Boitumelo F. , Bredenkamp Tyler , Williams D. Bradley G. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe palladium diacetate–aluminium triflate combination is an effective catalyst for the hydromethoxycarbonylation reaction of isolated alkenes and alkynes. However, its application in the hydromethoxycarbonylation of oxygen atom‐bearing alkynes is non‐trivial: the position relative to the alkyne (e.g., allylic, homoallylic) and nature of the oxygen atom determine the success of the transformation. We detail the minimum structural requirements for a successful outcome with ether‐containing alkyne substrates and hydroxyl‐containing analogues. In general, the oxygen atom has a detrimental effect on the outcome of the hydromethoxycarbonylation reaction, which can be overcome in many instances. The presence of the oxygen atom(s) causes decreases in the rate of the reaction compared to aliphatic alkynes and the closer the oxygen atom is to the triple bond, the more pronounced the effect. The chemistry is demonstrated on complex substrates derived from 5 and 6‐carbon sugars in optimised reactions.
Halogenotrinitromethanes: A Combined Study in the Crystalline and Gaseous Phase and Using Quantum Chemical Methods
Authors: Klapötke Thomas M. , Krumm Burkhard , Moll Richard , Rest Sebastian F. , Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Reuter Christian , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe halogenotrinitromethanes FC(NO2)3(1), BrC(NO2)3(2), and IC(NO2)3(3) were synthesized and fully characterized. The molecular structures of1–3were determined in the crystalline state by X‐ray diffraction, and gas‐phase structures of1and2were determined by electron diffraction. The HalC bond lengths in F, Cl, and BrC(NO2)3in the crystalline state are similar to those in the gas phase. The obtained experimental data are interpreted in terms of Natural Bond Orbitals (NBO), Atoms in Molecules (AIM), and Interacting Quantum Atoms (IQA) theories. All halogenotrinitromethanes show various intra‐ and intermolecular non‐bonded interactions. Intramolecular N⋅⋅⋅O and Hal⋅⋅⋅O (Hal=F (1), Br (2), I (3)) interactions, both competitors in terms of the orientation of the nitro groups by rotation about the CN bonds, lead to a propeller‐type twisting of these groups favoring the mentioned interactions. The origin of the unusually short HalC bonds is discussed in detail. The results of this study are compared to the molecular structure of ClC(NO2)3and the respective interactions therein.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Aryl Cyclopentene Scaffolds by Heck–Matsuda Desymmetrization of 3‐Cyclopentenol
Authors: Angnes Ricardo A. , Oliveira Juliana M. , Oliveira Caio C. , Martins Nelson C. , Correia Carlos Roque D. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA new enantioselective Heck–Matsuda desymmetrization reaction was accomplished by using 3‐cyclopentenol to produce chiral five‐membered 4‐aryl cyclopentenol scaffolds in good yields and high ee’s, together with some 3‐aryl‐cyclopentanones as minor products. Mechanistically, the hydroxyl group of 3‐cyclopentenol acts as a directing group and is responsible for the cis‐ arrangement in the formation of the 4‐aryl‐cyclopentenols.
Effects of Atrioventricular Nodal Ablation on Permanent Atrial Fibrillation Patients With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Yin Jie , Hu Hesheng , Wang Ye , Xue Mei , Li Xiaolu , Cheng Wenjuan , Li Xinran , Yan Suhua 
Published: August 2014

AbstractCardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a well‐established therapy for patients with heart failure (HF) and wide QRS configuration, especially for those in sinus rhythm. However, for those with permanent AF, atrioventricular nodal (AVN) ablation use remains under debate. Our objective was to evaluate clinical outcomes and mortality of AVN ablation in HF patients with permanent AF receiving CRT. Electronic publication database and reference lists through October 1, 2013 were searched. Observational cohort studies comparing CRT patients with AF who received either AVN ablation or medical therapy were selected. Outcomes included mortality, CRT nonresponse, changes in left ventricular remodeling, and functional outcomes, such as New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, quality of life, and 6‐minute hall walk distance. Of 1641 reports identified, 13 studies with 1256 patients were included. Among patients with permanent AF and insufficient biventricular pacing (<90%), those who had undergone AVN ablation compared to those who did not had numerically lower all‐cause mortality (risk ratio [RR]: 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42 to 0.96, P = 0.03) and significantly lower nonresponse to CRT (RR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.31 to 0.54, P < 0.00001). Furthermore, AVN ablation was not associated with additional improvements on left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA functional class, 6‐minute hall walking distance, and quality of life. In patients with permanent AF undergoing CRT, AVN ablation tended to reduce mortality potentially and improved clinical response when it was applied to patients with inadequate biventricular pacing (<90%). Randomized controlled trials are needed to further address the efficacy of AVN ablation among this population.
5‐(Piperidin‐4‐yl)‐3‐Hydroxypyrazole: A Novel Scaffold for Probing the Orthosteric γ‐Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Binding Site
Authors: Krall Jacob , Kongstad Kenneth T. , Nielsen Birgitte , Sørensen Troels E. , Balle Thomas , Jensen Anders A. , Frølund Bente 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA series of bioisosteric N1‐ and N2‐substituted 5‐(piperidin‐4‐yl)‐3‐hydroxypyrazole analogues of the partial GABAAR agonists 4‐PIOL and 4‐PHP have been designed, synthesized, and characterized pharmacologically. The unsubstituted 3‐hydroxypyrazole analogue of 4‐PIOL (2 a; IC50∼300 μM) is a weak antagonist at the α1β2γ2 GABAAR, whereas substituting the N1‐ or N2‐position with alkyl or aryl substituents resulted in antagonists with binding affinities in the high nanomolar to low micromolar range at native rat GABAARs. Docking studies using a α1β2γ2 GABAAR homology model along with the obtained SAR indicate that the N1‐substituted analogues of 4‐PIOL and 4‐PHP, 2 a–k, and previously reported 3‐substituted 4‐PHP analogues share a common binding mode to the orthosteric binding site in the receptor. Interestingly, the core scaffold of the N2‐substituted analogues of 4‐PIOL and 4‐PHP, 3 b–k, are suggested to flip 180° thereby adapting to the binding pocket and addressing a cavity situated above the core scaffold.
Highly Magnetic Nanoporous Carbon/Iron‐Oxide Hybrid Materials
Authors: Alam Sher , Anand Chokkalingam , Lakhi Kripal Singh , Choy Jin‐Ho , Cha Wang Soo , Elzhatry Ahmed , Al‐deyab Salem S. , Ohya Yutaka , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe preparation of size‐controllable Fe2O3 nanoparticles grown in nanoporous carbon with tuneable pore diameters is reported. These hybrid materials exhibit strong non‐linear magnetic properties and a magnetic moment of approximately 229 emu g−1, which is the highest value ever reported for nanoporous hybrids, and can be attributed to the nanosieve effect and the strong interaction between the nanoparticles and the carbon walls.
Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study of Hydrogen Cleavage by a Lewis Base [tBu3P] and a Lewis Acid [B(C6F5)3] at the Mesoscopic Level—Dynamics in the Solute–Solvent Molecular Clusters
Authors: Pu Maoping , Privalov Timofei 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWith the help of state‐of‐the‐art ab initio molecular dynamics methods, we investigated the reaction pathway of the {tBu3P + H2 + B(C6F5)3} system at the mesoscopic level. It is shown that: i) the onset of H2 activation is at much larger boron⋅⋅⋅phosphorus distances than previously thought; ii) the system evolves to the product in a roaming‐like fashion because of quasi‐periodic nuclear motion along the asymmetric normal mode of P⋅⋅⋅HH⋅⋅⋅B fragment; iii) transient configurations of a certain type are present despite structural interference from the solvent; iv) transient‐state configurations with sub‐picosecond lifetime have potentially interesting infrared activity in the organic solvent (toluene) as well as in the gas phase. The presented results should be helpful for future experimental and theoretical studies of frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) activity.