bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predator Stress-Induced CRF Release Causes Enduring Sensitization of Basolateral Amygdala Norepinephrine Systems that Promote PTSD-Like Startle Abnormalities
Authors: Rajbhandari Abha K. , Baldo Brian A. , Bakshi Vaishali P. 
Published: October 2015

The neurobiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains unclear. Intense stress promotes PTSD, which has been associated with exaggerated startle and deficient sensorimotor gating. Here, we examined the long-term sequelae of a rodent model of traumatic stress (repeated predator exposure) on amygdala systems that modulate startle and prepulse inhibition (PPI), an operational measure of sensorimotor gating. We show in rodents that repeated psychogenic stress (predator) induces long-lasting sensitization of basolateral amygdala (BLA) noradrenergic (NE) receptors (α1) via a corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF-R1)-dependent mechanism, and that these CRF1 and NE α1 receptors are highly colocalized on presumptive excitatory output projection neurons of the BLA. A profile identical to that seen with predator exposure was produced in nonstressed rats by intra-BLA infusions of CRF (200 ng/0.5 μl), but not by repeated NE infusions (20 μg/0.5 μl). Infusions into the adjacent central nucleus of amygdala had no effect. Importantly, the predator stress- or CRF-induced sensitization of BLA manifested as heightened startle and PPI deficits in response to subsequent subthreshold NE system challenges (with intra-BLA infusions of 0.3 μg/0.5 μl NE), up to 1 month after stress. This profile of effects closely resembles aspects of PTSD. Hence, we reveal a discrete neural pathway mediating the enhancement of NE system function seen in PTSD, and we offer a model for characterizing potential new treatments that may work by modulating this BLA circuitry.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe present findings reveal a novel and discrete neural substrate that could underlie certain core deficits (startle and prepulse inhibition) that are observed in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is shown here that repeated exposure to a rodent model of traumatic stress (predator exposure) produces a long-lasting sensitization of basolateral amygdala noradrenergic substrates [via a corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-dependent mechanism] that regulate startle, which is exaggerated in PTSD. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the sensitized noradrenergic receptors colocalize with CRF1 receptors on output projection neurons of the basolateral amygdala. Hence, this stress-induced sensitization of noradrenergic receptors on basolateral nucleus efferents has wide-ranging implications for the numerous deleterious sequelae of trauma exposure that are seen in multiple psychiatric illnesses, including PTSD.
Elastic properties and piezoelectric coupling coefficients of nitrilotriacetic acid, (N(CH2COOH)3 = NTA = H3NTA′), Li3NTA′ · 2 H2O, Na2HNTA′, K2Zr(NTA′)2 · 2 H2O, Rb2Zr(NTA′)2 · 2 H2O, Cs2Zr(NTA′)2 · H2O and (NH4)2Zr(NTA′)2
Authors: Haussühl S. , Richter U. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractElastic and thermoelastic constants of nitrilotriacetic acid, N(CHThe packing density of these species and the chemical bonding are quite similar due to the dominance of the large anions. Elastic and thermoelastic properties behave as expected for chemically related compounds. Large piezoelectric coupling coefficients >0.25 are observed on crystals of N(CH
Complement activation, regulation, and molecular basis for complement‐related diseases
Authors: Bajic Goran , Degn Søren E , Thiel Steffen , Andersen Gregers R 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe complement system is an essential element of the innate immune response that becomes activated upon recognition of molecular patterns associated with microorganisms, abnormal host cells, and modified molecules in the extracellular environment. The resulting proteolytic cascade tags the complement activator for elimination and elicits a pro‐inflammatory response leading to recruitment and activation of immune cells from both the innate and adaptive branches of the immune system. Through these activities, complement functions in the first line of defense against pathogens but also contributes significantly to the maintenance of homeostasis and prevention of autoimmunity. Activation of complement and the subsequent biological responses occur primarily in the extracellular environment. However, recent studies have demonstrated autocrine signaling by complement activation in intracellular vesicles, while the presence of a cytoplasmic receptor serves to detect complement‐opsonized intracellular pathogens. Furthermore, breakthroughs in both functional and structural studies now make it possible to describe many of the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying complement activation and the subsequent downstream events, as well as its cross talk with, for example, signaling pathways, the coagulation system, and adaptive immunity. We present an integrated and updated view of complement based on structural and functional data and describe the new roles attributed to complement. Finally, we discuss how the structural and mechanistic understanding of the complement system rationalizes the genetic defects conferring uncontrolled activation or other undesirable effects of complement.
Die EZB vor Gericht
Authors: Thiele Alexander 
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die von der EZB im Zusammenhang mit der Eurokrise ergriffenen Maßnahmen bilden aktuell auch den Gegenstand einiger gerichtlicher Verfahren. Der Beitrag erläutert die Hintergründe dieser Verfahren und legt dar, dass der Streit um die „richtige“ Geldpolitik von diesen letztlich nicht entschieden werden kann.
Die Auswirkungen des Niedrigzinsumfelds auf die Bausparkassen
Authors: Köhler Matthias 
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung
In den vergangenen Monaten haben sich die Nachrichten gehäuft, dass die Bausparkassen Altverträge, die für die Kunden lukrativ sind, kündigen. Insgesamt sollen laut Presseberichten mehr als 150.000 Bausparer von den Kündigungen betroffen sein. Vor diesem Hintergrund soll in diesem Artikel analysiert werden, wie sich das Niedrigzinsumfeld auf die Bausparkassen auswirkt und wie sich die Profitabilität der Bausparkassen in den vergangenen Jahren entwickelt hat. Darüber hinaus wird untersucht, von welchen Faktoren die Zinsspanne der Bausparkassen abhängig ist.
Adverse events among patients of multi drug resistant tuberculosis receiving second line anti TB treatment
Authors: Rathod Kishor B. , Borkar Mangala S. , Lamb Avinash R. , Suryavanshi Sanjay L. , Surwade Gajanan A. , Pandey Vimlesh R. 
Published: October 2015

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>As per WHO’s “Global Tuberculosis Report, 2012”, India accounts for an estimated 64000 patients out of 310000 cases of drug resistant TB estimated to have occurred amongst the notified cases of TB across the globe in a year. <strong> </strong><span lang="EN-US">MDR-TB is a man-made phenomenon– poor treatment; poor drugs, poor adherence lead to the development of MDR-TB. </span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">Treatment of MDR-TB is difficult, much costlier, challenging and needs experience and skills. Reserve drugs are frequently associated with high rates of unacceptable adverse drug reactions, needing change of regimen. Therefore, it is imperative to monitor and treat adverse drug reactions. <strong></strong></span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>The present prospective observational study was carried out at Drug Resistant Tuberculosis Centre at Govt. Medical College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, to monitor patients for early detection of adverse events after starting treatment till the patients were admitted and later followed up personally or telephonically at regular intervals.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> We observed adverse drug reactions among </span>90/265 (33.96 %) patients of whom 90/265 (33.96 %) had gastro intestinal ADRs, followed by ototoxicity 15/265 (5.66%), psychiatric manifestations 14/265 (5.28%), injection site pain swelling 13/265 (4.90%), arthralgia 11/265 (4.15%), dermatological ADRs 7/265 (2.64%), peripheral neuropathy 5/265 (1.88%), renal dysfunction 3/265 (1.13%), <span lang="EN-US">change of therapy was only required in 13 psychiatric and 12 ototoxic ADRs.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> ADRs are more common in MDR TB patients on second line anti tubercular treatment. Good counseling, spacing drugs, high protein diet helps patients to tolerate therapy better and default rate to drop.</span></p>
Discusiones en torno al rol asignado a la inteligencia militar en la Argentina contemporánea
Authors: Tello Ángel Pablo , Spota Julio César 
Published: October 2015

En el presente artículo de investigación nos proponemos indagar en la función asignada a la Inteligencia Militar por parte del Estado argentino. El propósito específico del trabajo implicó efectuar un ejercicio de interrogación sobre el papel jugado por la inteligencia militar del país austral dentro del esquema estratégico nacional. A tales efectos encausamos la investigación evaluando el grado de compatibilidad existente entre la apreciación estratégica general manejada por la dirigencia política argentina (caracterizada por una apreciación regional ‘pacificada’ en términos inter-estatales) y la asignación diferencial de partidas presupuestarias entre los distintos componentes del instrumento militar nacional en beneficio de la Inteligencia Militar. En relación con el plano metodológico articulamos un ejercicio de análisis comparativo de información cuantitativa recabada sobre los presupuestos nacionales –local y regionales– junto con la realización de una serie de entrevistas efectuadas a personal de inteligencia civil y militar, cuyo eje central fue determinar la interpretación de los acontecimientos en curso desde el enfoque propio de los miembros de los servicios de inteligencia. Los resultados alcanzados nos condujeron a formular una hipótesis: el Estado argentino lleva a cabo actividades ilegales de inteligencia interior utilizando segmentos de la estructura de la Inteligencia del Ejército para lograr su propósito.
Drones: ¿Hacia una guerra sin regulación jurídica internacional?
Authors: Villamizar Lanús Fernando 
Published: October 2015

Dadas sus ventajas, los drones se están convirtiendo en un arma fundamental en los conflictos armados contemporáneos. Este artículo tiene como objetivo dar respuesta a algunas preguntas relacionadas esa realidad: ¿Qué tan adecuada es la normatividad internacional para regularlos? ¿Será el Derecho Internacional Humanitario (DIH) la forma de evitar que se causen estragos ilimitados? ¿Será posible aplicar algún tipo de estatuto diferente al DIH para regular el uso de los drones? ¿Cómo opera el DIH cuando el Estado usa drones contra actores armados no estatales o éstos los utilicen contra el Estado? La metodología para responder a esos interrogantes consistirá en revisar y cotejar la acción de los drones con respecto al Derecho de la Guerra Aérea, al Derecho de Ginebra y a las normas sobre el uso de drones en el espacio exterior. Se encontrará que pese a la obsolescencia y generalidad de algunas normas, el DIH es plenamente aplicable al uso de los drones con fines bélicos.
Campos de Hielo Sur: el agua y su rol geopolítico
Authors: Manzano Iturra Karen Isabel 
Published: October 2015

El agua en la actualidad es uno de los principales factores de estudio, que adquiere un rol geopolítico por los conflictos que se generan y las cantidades que se estiman en torno a su disponibilidad. Campos de Hielo Sur, ubicado en la Patagonia, constituye una de las reservas más grandes a nivel mundial de este líquido, por lo cual, su relevancia será crucial en el desarrollo de Chile y Argentina. La presente investigación analizará, bajo una metodología cualitativa, el rol del agua en la zona de Campos de Hielo Sur, mediante la revisión de autores de la geopolítica francesa, el desarrollo de sus principales ideas, y la aplicación de ellas en la zona del Cono Sur americano, además de los nuevos enfoques con respecto a la “guerra por los recursos” y como el agua, de vital relevancia en la vida de las personas, se transforma en un punto de conflicto en el futuro.
La diplomacia cultural en los negocios internacionales: religiones del mundo
Authors: Acuña Barrantes Henry , Nonell Torres Pedro 
Published: October 2015

Este documento tiene como propósito general, presentar las conductas, experiencias profesionales y reflexiones en relación con una deliberación sobre la incursión de la religión, la ética global respecto a las negociaciones internacionales interculturales; centrándose principalmente en el lado positivo y tangible de las religiones y la responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC); fue perfilado bajo el paradigma cualitativo y el enfoque hermenéutico. Se utilizó el método documental y descriptivo; el primero, por la consulta realizada a diferentes documentos científicos en internet; y el segundo porque de la información encontrada en la web se extrajo, describió e interpretó lo más trascendente de determinada culturas, personalidades y organizaciones. Teniendo presente que quienes conocen una sola representación cultural, argumentan que podrían tener un conocimiento de las características culturales de otros lugares, cuando en realidad no es así. Siglos atrás las religiones ya ofrecieron normas de conducta y valores para que las personas implementen en su diario vivir y más aún al libre comercio local e internacional. Por esta razón las personas de diferentes dogmas (Hindú, Cristiana, Islámica, Budistas, etc.) desean conocer cómo implementar sus creencias para el entorno empresarial para una mejor comprensión entre las partes y crear sinergias entre ellas (religión- cultura - comercio).
Individual and demographic consequences of reduced body condition following repeated exposure to high temperatures
Authors: Gardner Janet L. , Amano Tatsuya , Sutherland William J. , Clayton Mark , Peters Anne 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlthough the lethal consequences of extreme heat are increasingly reported in the literature, the fitness costs of exposure to sublethal high air temperatures, typically identified in the 30–40°C range, are poorly understood. We examine the effect of high (≥35°C) daily maxima on body condition of a semiarid population of White‐plumed Honeyeaters, Ptilotula penicillatus, monitored between 1986 and 2012. During this 26‐yr period, temperature has risen, on average, by 0.06°C each year at the site, the frequency of days with thermal maxima ≥35°C has increased and rainfall has declined. Exposure to high temperatures affected body condition of White‐plumed Honeyeaters, but only in low‐rainfall conditions. There was no effect of a single day of exposure to temperatures ≥35°C but repeated exposure was associated with reduced body condition: 3.0% reduction in body mass per day of exposure. Rainfall in the previous 30 d ameliorated these effects, with reduced condition evident only in dry conditions. Heat‐exposed males with reduced body condition were less likely to be recaptured at the start of the following spring; they presumably died. Heat‐exposed females, regardless of body condition, showed lower survival than exposed males, possibly due to their smaller body mass. The higher mortality of females and smaller males exposed to temperatures ≥35°C may have contributed to the increase in mean body size of this population over 23 years. Annual survival declined across time concomitant with increasing frequency of days ≥35°C and decreasing rainfall. Our study is one of few to identify a proximate cause of climate change related mortality, and associated long‐term demographic consequence. Our results have broad implications for avian communities living in arid and semiarid regions of Australia, and other mid‐latitudes regions where daily maximum temperatures already approach physiological limits in regions affected by both decreased precipitation and warming.
Results of a Needs Assessment to Guide the Development of a Website to Enhance Emotional Wellness and Healthy Behaviors During Pregnancy
Authors: Costa Deborah Da , Zelkowitz Phyllis , Bailey Kristen , Cruz Rani , Bernard Jean-Christophe , Dasgupta Kaberi , Lowensteyn Ilka , Khalifé Samir 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn preparation for developing a website to enhance emotional wellness and healthy lifestyle during the perinatal period, this study examined women’s informational needs and barriers. Seventy-four women who were pregnant or had given birth completed an online survey inquiring about information needs and preferred sources related to psychosocial aspects and lifestyle behaviors. Information related to healthy diet choices and weight management, followed by exercise, was rated highly as a need. Information related to depression, stress, and anxiety was also rated as important. Health-care providers and the Internet were found to be preferred sources of information. Evidence-based websites can serve as a powerful low-cost educational resource to support and reinforce the health promotion advice received from their health-care providers.
Cook and Thomas, LLC: Balancing Auditor Liability, Client Confidentiality, and the Public Interest
Authors: Brasel Kelsey R. , Daugherty Brian E. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
In this case students are asked to assume the role of Alex Trifold, CPA, an audit partner for the public accounting firm, Cook and Thomas, LLC, who holds going concern information about an audit client that may impact other entities audited by Cook and Thomas. The case study illustrates how adherence to auditing standards may place auditors in a difficult situation when balancing the auditor's risk of litigation, the clients' rights to confidentiality, and the auditor's duty to the public. Additionally, the case provides exposure to prior litigation cases against auditors with unfavorable outcomes when auditors chose to protect their client's confidentiality, and, conversely, in cases where auditors chose to protect the greater public interest. The case requires students to engage in critical thinking by providing their viewpoints as to the optimal balance of limiting auditor liability, adhering to client confidentiality requirements, and simultaneously serving the public interest. The case study is appropriate for both undergraduate and graduate auditing courses.
Facilitating Student Learning in Accounting through Scaffolded Assessment
Authors: Abraham Anne , Jones Hazel 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
With the emergence of new sets of technological tools, university students are now offered more authentic learning experiences involving real-world, complex problems and their solutions. This focus on problem-based activities and case studies has produced a learning environment that is inherently multidisciplinary. This paper reports on the development of a scaffolded learning assignment with blended components applied in an accounting subject that was taught in a cross-disciplinary setting. The assignment was developed in a sociocultural context, based on a Vygotskian approach, and this paper details its design and development. The five stages of the assignment were carefully scaffolded and included elements of individual and group tasks, finishing with an individual reflection on the process. Formative assessment and associated feedback are important elements of the scaffolding and thus the paper reports both the design and implementation of the assignment, and provides qualitative feedback from students regarding how completing the assignment enhanced their learning in accounting. The paper concludes with suggestions for further applications for the learning design of the assignment.
How to Improve Sustainability and Environmentally Friendly Behaviour in Automatic Dishwashing? Example: Germany
Authors: Bichler Sandra , Gorny Susanne , Seifert Monika , Kessler Arnd , Stamminger Rainer 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDecreasing resource consumption concerning electricity, water and detergents in the framework of automatic dishwashing is not only determined by technical improvements. First and foremost, the use phase, in other words, the consumers and their choices, for example, the type of dishwasher, the kind of dishwashing programmes selected and the method of pretreating dishes, play an important role in terms of saving energy. To investigate the current dishwashing habits in Germany, 4 000 private households were asked about the usage of automatic dishwashers and the general dish treatment in everyday life. The results of the survey have shown a broad range of consumer behavior due to individual dishwashing habits. It also became obvious that consumers who more frequently use the energy saving “eco programme” tend to pretreat some dishes, such as pots and pans, with additional resources more often than the households who use other programmes. Therefore, the study reveals that a holistic view due to all resources consuming dishwashing steps is necessary to deduce adequate consumer recommendations for saving energy, water and detergents.
The Effect on Solution Properties of Replacing a Hydrogen Atom with a Methyl Group in a Surfactant
Authors: Raykundaliya Nirav , Bordes Romain , Holmberg Krister , Wu Jun , Somasundaran Ponisseril , Shah Dinesh O. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTwo surfactants, namely, dodecanoylglycinate and dodecanoylsarcosinate, differing only in a methyl group vs. a hydrogen atom on the amide nitrogen, have been studied with respect to solution behavior and adsorption at the air–water, oil-water and calcium carbonate-water interfaces. It was found that the ability of the glycinate surfactant of forming intermolecular hydrogen bonds via the amide group leads to tighter molecular packing, which greatly influenced the behavior at interfaces. Based on this molecular observation, potential applications were considered and emulsification, foaming and wetting tests were carried out. It could be concluded from this work that a minor change in the structure of a surfactant molecule can be very significant for technological systems and processes.
Synthesis and Properties of 1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic Acid Type Gemini Surfactants with Semifluoroalkyl Chain as Hydrophobic Group
Authors: Kawase Tokuzo , Nomura Yoshifumi , Oida Tatsuo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTwo kinds of 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid type gemini surfactants having semifluoroalkyl groups (Rf-(CH2)n-; Rf = C8F17, n = 2,3,4,5,6,8,11) as diester of 2,3-bis-COOH and 1,4-bis-COOH were prepared from 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride as the key material. Their surface properties were studied by surface tension and surface pressure-area (π–A) measurements. Semifluoroalkylated geminis showed excellent surface tension re-ducing ability, but the values of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and γCMC remained nearly unaffected by the methylene chain length. From the zero-pressure molecular areas of semifluoro-alkylated geminis and the compression modulus analysis, it was clarified that semifluoroalkylated gemini surfactants having short methylene chains would form more rigid monolayers than those having long methylene chains. But, there were not very large differences in surface properties between two geminis having the same methylene chain length.