bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score for Hallux Rigidus
Authors: Hogan MaCalus V. , Mani Sriniwasan B. , Chan Jeremy Y. , Do Huong , Deland Jonathan T. , Ellis Scott J. 
Published: November 2015

Background There is a clear call for improved patient-centered outcomes. The Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) is a region-specific patient-reported measure that has been validated for a number of foot and ankle diagnoses, but not hallux rigidus. Questions/Purposes The aim of this study was to validate the FAOS in patients with hallux rigidus. Methods From 2007 to 2013, 211 patients with hallux rigidus (HR) were included in the study. For the construct validity portion of the study, 125 patients completed a Short-Form 12 (SF-12) and FAOS survey. Forty additional HR patients were prospectively given questionnaires to assess the relevance of each FAOS question as it pertained to their HR. Reliability was assessed in 36 HR patients via administration of a second FAOS an average 1 month following the first. In 55 patients, preoperative and postoperative FAOS scores were compared to determine responsiveness. Results All FAOS subscales demonstrated moderate correlation coefficients with the physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, and physical health component scores of the SF-12, with all subscales demonstrating poor correlation with the SF-12 mental health-related domains. Content validity was high for all FAOS scores, with the exception of the daily activities subscale. All subscales achieved acceptable test–retest reliability with correlation coefficients of ≥0.72. Furthermore, all subscales were rated as responsive to change in postoperative patients ( p < 0.001). Conclusion This study demonstrates the acceptable construct and content validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the FAOS for hallux rigidus. Due to its broad applicability and proven validation across multiple foot and ankle pathologies, the FAOS represents a patient-centered outcome measure that can be reliably used for the assessment of patients with hallux rigidus.
Effect of Alkanediyl‐α,ω‐Type Cationic Dimeric (Gemini) Surfactants on the Reaction Rate of Ninhydrin with [Cu(II)‐Gly‐Tyr]+ Complex
Authors: Kumar Dileep , Neo Kian‐Eang , Rub Malik Abdul 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe effect of gemini (16‐s‐16, s = 4, 5, 6) surfactants on the reaction rate of ninhydrin with [Cu(II)‐Gly‐Tyr]+ complex was determined using a spectrophotometric technique. The ninhydrin concentration was kept in excess in order to maintain pseudo‐first‐order conditions. The reaction followed irreversible first‐ and fractional‐order kinetics with respect to [Cu(II)‐Gly‐Tyr]+ and [ninhydrin], respectively. It is found that gemini surfactants effectively catalyze the reaction. The rate constants (kψ) first increase and then become relatively constant with increasing gemini surfactant concentration similar to conventional cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. At higher gemini surfactant concentration a third region of increasing kψ is observed. The unusual third region is ascribed to changes in micellar morphology. The kinetic data has been analyzed using a micellar pseudo‐phase model.
Tissue Specific Effects of Dietary Carbohydrates and Obesity on ChREBPα and ChREBPβ Expression
Authors: Stamatikos Alexis D. , da Silva Robin P. , Lewis Jamie T. , Douglas Donna N. , Kneteman Norman M. , Jacobs René L. , Paton Chad M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCarbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) regulates insulin‐independent de novo lipogenesis. Recently, a novel ChREBPβ isoform was identified. The purpose of the current study was to define the effect of dietary carbohydrates (CHO) and obesity on the transcriptional activity of ChREBP isoforms and their respective target genes. Mice were subjected to fasting‐refeeding of high‐CHO diets. In all three CHO‐refeeding groups, mice failed to induce ChREBPα, yet ChREBPβ increased 10‐ to 20‐fold. High‐fat fed mice increased hepatic ChREBPβ mRNA expression compared to chow‐fed along with increased protein expression. To better assess the independent effect of fructose on ChREBPα/β activity, HepG2 cells were treated with fructose ± a fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase inhibitor to suppress gluconeogenesis. Fructose treatment in the absence of gluconeogenesis resulted in increased ChREBP activity. To confirm the existence of ChREBPβ in human tissue, primary hepatocytes were incubated with high‐glucose and the expression of ChREBPα and ‐β was determined. As with the animal models, glucose induced ChREBPβ expression while ChREBPα was decreased. Taken together, ChREBPβ is more responsive to changes in dietary CHO availability than the ‐α isoform. Diet‐induced obesity increases basal expression of ChREBPβ, which may increase the risk of developing hepatic steatosis, and fructose‐induced activation is independent of gluconeogenesis.
Cognitive Linguistics and interactional discourse: time to enter into dialogue
Authors: ZIMA ELISABETH , BRÔNE GEERT 
Published: November 2015

abstractUsage-based theories hold that the sole resource for language users’ linguistic systems is language use (Barlow & Kemmer, 2000; Langacker, 1988; Tomasello, 1999, 2003). Researchers working in the usage-based paradigm, which is often equated with cognitive-functional linguistics (e.g., Ibbotson, 2013, Tomasello, 2003), seem to widely agree that the primary setting for language use is interaction, with spontaneous face-to-face interaction playing a primordial role (e.g., Bybee, 2010; Clark, 1996; Geeraerts & Cuyckens, 2007; Langacker, 2008; Oakley & Hougaard, 2008; Zlatev, 2014). It should, then, follow that usage-based models of language are not only compatible with evidence from communication research but also that they are intrinsically grounded in authentic, multi-party language use in all its diversity and complexities. This should be a logical consequence, as a usage-based understanding of language processing and human sense-making cannot be separated from the study of interaction. However, the overwhelming majority of the literature in Cognitive Linguistics (CL) does not deal with the analysis of dialogic data or with issues of interactional conceptualization. It is our firm belief that this is at odds with the interactional foundation of the usage-based hypothesis. Furthermore, we are convinced that an ‘interactional turn’ is not only essential to the credibility and further development of Cognitive Linguistics as a theory of language and cognition as such. Rather, CL-inspired perspectives on interactional language use may provide insights that other, non-cognitive approaches to discourse and interaction are bound to overlook. To that aim, this special issue brings together four contributions that involve the analysis of interactional discourse phenomena by drawing on tools and methods from the broad field of Cognitive Linguistics.
What you see is what you do: on the relationship between gaze and gesture in multimodal alignment
Authors: OBEN BERT , BRÔNE GEERT 
Published: November 2015

abstractInteractive language use inherently involves a process of coordination, which often leads to matching behaviour between interlocutors in different semiotic channels. We study this process of interactive alignment from a multimodal perspective: using data from head-mounted eye-trackers in a corpus of face-to-face conversations, we measure which effect gaze fixations by speakers (on their own gestures, condition 1) and fixations by interlocutors (on the gestures by those speakers, condition 2) have on subsequent gesture production by those interlocutors. The results show there is a significant effect of interlocutor gaze (condition 2), but not of speaker gaze (condition 1) on the amount of gestural alignment, with an interaction between the conditions.
Conversation, Construction Grammar, and cognition
Authors: FISCHER KERSTIN 
Published: November 2015

abstractRecent developments in grammatical theory seem to invite an integration of grammar and interaction; nevertheless, there are reservations on both sides. While some of these reservations can be traced to misconceptions, others are deeply rooted in the theoretical premises of each approach. The differences are, however, not very well understood; especially theoretical premises regarding the role of cognition in language use have been hindering a fruitful collaboration. Reinterpreting the results of Conversation Analysis (CA; cf. Sacks, Schegloff, & Jefferson, 1974; Sacks, 1992) in terms of Construction Grammar (Goldberg, 1995, 2006; Croft, 2001, Langacker, 2008) recasts the discursive practices identified in CA in terms of participants’ cognitive construals of the communicative situation, making the speaking subjects apparent in their strategies and conceptualizations of the interaction.
Increased fractional anisotropy in cerebellum in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Hartmann Tue , Vandborg Sanne , Rosenberg Raben , Sørensen Leif , Videbech Poul 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundPrevious morphology and diffusion-imaging studies have suggested that structural changes in white matter is an important part of the pathophysiology of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, different methodological approaches and the heterogeneity of patient samples question the validity of the findings.Materials and methodsIn total, 30 patients were matched for age and sex with 30 healthy controls. All participants underwent T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion tensor imaging and T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery. Voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics were used to compare white matter volumes and diffusion tensor imaging between groups. These data were analysed correcting for the effects of multiple comparisons, age, sex, severity and duration of illness as nuisance covariates. White matter hyperintensities were manually identified.ResultsIncrease in fractional anisotropy in cerebellum was the most prominent result. A decrease in fractional anisotrophy in patients comparable with previous studies was located in forceps minor. There were no differences in the white matter morphology or in the white matter hyperintensities between patients and healthy controls.ConclusionDecrease in fractional anisotrophy in forceps minor and increase in cerebellum were found, and they were not due to neither white matter hyperintensities nor morphology of the white matter. Cerebellar hyperconnectivity could be an important part of OCD pathophysiology.
Host gut microorganisms’ cues mediate orientation behaviour in the larva of the parasitoidMallophora ruficauda
Authors: Groba H.F. , Castelo M.K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe robber flyMallophora ruficaudais one of the most important apicultural pests in the Pampas region of Argentina. This species is a parasitoid of scarab beetle larvae. Females lay eggs away from the host, and the larvae perform active search behaviour towardCyclocephala signaticollisthird instar larvae, parasitoid's preferred host. This behaviour is mediated by host-related chemical cues produced in hosts’ fermentation chamber. Also,C. signaticollislarvae are attracted to fermentation chamber extracts. As scarab larvae have microbe-rich fermentation chamber, it has been suggested that microorganisms could be involved in the production of these semiochemicals. The aims of this work were first to ascertain the presence of microorganisms in the fermentation chamber ofC. signaticollislarvae and second to determine the role of microorganisms in the orientation response of parasitoid and host larvae. We found that microorganisms-freeC. signaticollislarvae showed deterioration in their development and did not produce the attractive semiochemicals. Therefore, we isolated fermentation chamber microorganisms of host larvae by means of different cultures media, and then, assayed different microorganisms’ stimuli by binary choice tests. We were able to isolate microorganisms and determine thatM. ruficaudalarvae are attracted to semiochemicals from protein degradation in the fermentation chamber. However,C. signaticollislarvae were not attracted to any semiochemicals associated with microorganisms’ activity in the fermentation chamber. Although we were unable to elucidate the exact role of gut microorganisms in host behaviour, we discuss their relevance in parasitoid host-seeking behaviour and host conspecific interaction inM. ruficauda–C. signaticollissystem.
Adaptive management of invasive pests in natural protected areas: the case of Matsucoccus feytaudi in Central Italy
Authors: Sciarretta A. , Marziali L. , Squarcini M. , Marianelli L. , Benassai D. , Logli F. , Roversi P.F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInvasive species are a significant threat to affected ecosystems, having serious environmental, economic and social impacts. The maritime pine bast scale, Matsucoccus feytaudi Ducasse (Hemiptera: Matsucoccidae), causes serious damage to Pinus pinaster forests in SE France, Corsica and Italy where it has been introduced. This study illustrates the adaptive management plan implemented in the Migliarino, San Rossore, Massaciuccoli Regional Natural Park in Tuscany, Italy, where M. feytaudi arrived in 2004, leading to the decay of local P. pinaster stands. The management programme, aimed at slowing the establishment and growth of M. feytaudi, was carried out in the main sector of the park, Tenuta di San Rossore, to retard the destruction of the P. pinaster coastal strip protecting the more internal woodland from sea salt and to allow replacement of P. pinaster trees with a more stable broad-leaved wood. The combined use of mass trapping and silvicultural interventions, applied in a targeted manner according to distribution maps of pest captures and damage, helped to delay forest destruction compared with a nearby unmanaged area of the park Tenuta di Tombolo. Although M. feytaudi continued to spread during the management period, the populations remained at low levels for 6 years, showing a marked increase in 2012. During this period, the P. pinaster stands were reduced from 320 to 249 ha. The final result of this ongoing gradual conversion process will be transformation of the P. pinaster forest into Holm oak woods and Mediterranean shrub land, while P. pinaster will survive as clusters or blocks of trees.
Challenges of using next generation sequencing in newborn screening
Authors: REINSTEIN EYAL 
Published: November 2015

SummaryWhole-genome and whole-exome sequencing for clinical applications is now an integral part of medical genetics practice. The term newborn screening refers to public health programs designed to screen newborns for various treatable metabolic conditions, by measuring levels of circulating blood metabolites. The availability and significant decrease in sequencing costs has raised the question of whether metabolic newborn screening should be replaced by whole-genome or whole-exome sequencing. While newborn genome sequencing can potentially increase the number of disorders identified by newborn screening, the generalization of its practice raises a number of important ethical issues. This short article argues that there are medical, psychological, ethical and economic reasons why widespread dissemination of newborn screening is still premature.
Epiphloea belongs to Collemataceae (Lecanoromycetes, lichenized Ascomycota)
Authors: Schultz Matthias , Wedin Mats , Diel Henrike , Prieto Maria 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe cyanolichen genus Epiphloea is currently included within the Heppiaceae (Lichinomycetes) based on ascus characteristics. The presumed presence of a prototunicate ascus has been used as support for this classification, despite the incongruence with other characters (e.g. spores). Here, we use a molecular phylogeny of the two markers mtSSU rDNA and Mcm7 to investigate the position of Epiphloea. In addition, we have re-investigated the ascus characteristics. Our results place the two species, Epiphloea byssina and E. terrena, within the Collemataceae, nested in Leptogium s. str. The ascus type in both species is shown to be Lecanoralean and similar to the ascus in other Collemataceae, with a strongly amyloid tube-like structure. This observation supports the placement within Lecanoromycetes and refutes the earlier suggested affinities with Heppiaceae and Lichinomycetes. The correct names for these species are Leptogium byssinum and Leptogium terrenum.
A new freshwaterPorina(Porinaceae,Ostropales) from Great Britain
Authors: Orange Alan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPorina rivalisOrange is described as new from rocks in streams in Great Britain. The involucrellum is yellow or orange within, but dark grey to purplish red at the surface; the ascospores are 3-septate, 13·0–18·5×4·0–5·5 μm.
Ultrastructure ofSarcocystis bertramisarcocysts from a naturally infected donkey (Equus asinus) from Egypt
Authors: DUBEY J. P. , VAN WILPE E. , VERMA S. K. , HILALI M. 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYThere is considerable confusion concerningSarcocystisspecies in equids. Little is known ofSarcocystisinfections in donkeys (Equus asinus). Here we describe the structure ofSarcocystis bertrami-like from the donkey by light microscopy (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Nineteen sarcocysts from the tongue of a donkey from Egypt were studied both by LM and TEM. By LM, all sarcocysts had variably shaped and sized projections on the sarcocyst walls, giving it a thin-walled to thick-walled appearance, depending on individual sarcocyst and plane of section. By TEM, sarcocysts walls had villar protrusions (vp) of type 11. The sarcocyst wall had conical to slender vp, up to 6µm long and 1µm wide; the vp were folded over the sarcocyst wall. The total thickness of the sarcocyst wall with ground substance layer (gs) was 1–3µm. The vp had microtubules (mt) that originated deeper in the gs and continued up to the tip. The apical part of the vp had electron dense granules. The mt were configured into 3 types: a tuft of electron dense mt1 extending the entire length of the vp with a tuft of medium electron dense mt2 appearing in parallel, and fine mt3 present only in the villar tips. The gs was mainly smooth with few indistinct granules. All sarcocysts were mature and contained metrocytes and bradyzoites. Bradyzoites were approximately 11–15 × 2–3µm in size with typical organelles.
Characterization of the Neospora caninum NcROP40 and NcROP2Fam-1 rhoptry proteins during the tachyzoite lytic cycle
Authors: PASTOR-FERNÁNDEZ IVÁN , REGIDOR-CERRILLO JAVIER , JIMÉNEZ-RUIZ ELENA , ÁLVAREZ-GARCÍA GEMA , MARUGÁN-HERNÁNDEZ VIRGINIA , HEMPHILL ANDREW , ORTEGA-MORA LUIS M. 
Published: November 2015

SUMMARYVirulence factors from the ROP2-family have been extensively studied in Toxoplasma gondii, but in the closely related Neospora caninum only NcROP2Fam-1 has been partially characterized to date. NcROP40 is a member of this family and was found to be more abundantly expressed in virulent isolates. Both NcROP2Fam-1 and NcROP40 were evaluated as vaccine candidates and exerted a synergistic effect in terms of protection against vertical transmission in mouse models, which suggests that they may be relevant for parasite pathogenicity. NcROP40 is localized in the rhoptry bulbs of tachyzoites and bradyzoites, but in contrast to NcROP2Fam-1, the protein does not associate with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane due to the lack of arginine-rich amphipathic helix in its sequence. Similarly to NcROP2Fam-1, NcROP40 mRNA levels are highly increased during tachyzoite egress and invasion. However, NcROP40 up-regulation does not appear to be linked to the mechanisms triggering egress. In contrast to NcROP2Fam-1, phosphorylation of NcROP40 was not observed during egress. Besides, NcROP40 secretion into the host cell was not successfully detected by immunofluorescence techniques. These findings indicate that NcROP40 and NcROP2Fam-1 carry out different functions, and highlight the need to elucidate the role of NcROP40 within the lytic cycle and to explain its relative abundance in tachyzoites.
‘Scalping’ of albatross fledglings by introduced mice spreads rapidly at Marion Island
Authors: Dilley Ben J. , Schoombie Stefan , Schoombie Janine , Ryan Peter G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHouse mice (Mus musculusL.) were introduced to sub-Antarctic Marion Island more than two centuries ago, and have been the only introduced mammal on the island since 1991 when feral cats were eradicated. The first mouse-injured wandering albatross (Diomedea exulansL.) chick was found in 2003 and since then attacks have continued at a low level affecting <1% of the population. In 2009, the first ‘scalpings’ were detected; sooty albatross (Phoebetria fuscaHilsenberg) fledglings were found with raw wounds on the nape. In 2015, mice attacked large chicks of all three albatross species that fledge in autumn: grey-headed (Thalassarche chrysostomaForster) (at least 102 wounded chicks; 4.6% of fledglings), sooty (n=45, 4.3%) and light-mantled albatross (P. palpebrataForster) (n=1, 4%). Filming at night confirmed that mice were responsible for wounds. Attacks started independently in small pockets all around the island’s 70 km coastline, separated by distances hundreds of times greater than mouse home ranges. The widespread nature of mouse attacks in 2015 on large, well-feathered chicks is alarming and highlights not only Marion Island as a priority island for mouse eradication but also that mice alone may significantly affect threatened seabird species.
Factors associated with the internal jugular venous approach for Melody™ Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve implantation
Authors: Zampi Jeffrey D. , Berman Darren P. , Bocks Martin L. , Yu Sunkyung , Zahn Evan M. , Lu Jimmy C. , Shaya Justin A. , Armstrong Aimee K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundTranscatheter pulmonary valve implantation is usually performed from a femoral venous – transfemoral – approach, but this may not be the optimal vascular access option in some patients. This study aimed to determine which group of patients might benefit from an internal jugular – transjugular – approach for transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation.MethodsThis multicentre retrospective study included all patients who underwent attempted transcatheter pulmonary valve placement in the right ventricular outflow tract between April 2010 and June 2012 at two large congenital heart centres. Patients were divided into two groups based on venous access site – transfemoral or transjugular. Patient characteristics, procedural outcomes, and complications were compared between groups.ResultsOf 81 patients meeting the inclusion criteria (median age 16.4 years), the transjugular approach was used in 14 patients (17%). The transjugular group was younger (median age 11.9 versus 17.3 years), had lower body surface area (mean 1.33 versus 1.61 m2), more often had moderate or greater tricuspid regurgitation (29% versus 7%), and had a higher ratio of right ventricle-to-systemic systolic pressure (mean 82.4 versus 64.7). Patients requiring a transjugular approach after an unsuccessful transfemoral approach had longer fluoroscopic times and procedure duration.ConclusionsThe transjugular approach for transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation is used infrequently but is more often used in younger and smaller patients. Technical limitations from a transfemoral approach may be anticipated if there is moderate or greater tricuspid regurgitation or higher right ventricular pressures. In these patients, a transjugular approach should be considered early.