bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of Secure Messaging Through a Patient Portal as a Form of Outpatient Interaction across Clinical Specialties
Authors: Davis S.E. , Shenson J.A. , Chen Q. , Rosenbloom S.T. , Jackson G.P. , Cronin R.M. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryObjective: Patient portals are online applications that allow patients to interact with healthcare organizations. Portal adoption is increasing, and secure messaging between patients and health-care providers is an emerging form of outpatient interaction. Research about portals and messaging has focused on medical specialties. We characterized adoption of secure messaging and the contribution of messaging to outpatient interactions across diverse clinical specialties after broad portal deployment.Methods: This retrospective cohort study at Vanderbilt University Medical Center examined use of patient-initiated secure messages and clinic visits in the three years following full deployment of a patient portal across adult and pediatric specialties. We measured the proportion of outpatient interactions (i.e., messages plus clinic visits) conducted through secure messaging by specialty over time. Generalized estimating equations measured the likelihood of message-based versus clinic outpatient interaction across clinical specialties.Results: Over the study period, 2,422,114 clinic visits occurred, and 82,159 unique portal users initiated 948,428 messages to 1,924 recipients. Medicine participated in the most message exchanges (742,454 messages; 78.3% of all messages sent), followed by surgery (84,001; 8.9%) and obstetrics/gynecology (53,424; 5.6%). The proportion of outpatient interaction through messaging increased from 12.9% in 2008 to 33.0% in 2009 and 39.8% in 2010 (p<0.001). Medicine had the highest proportion of outpatient interaction conducted through messaging in 2008 (23.3% of out-patient interactions in medicine). By 2010, this proportion was highest for obstetrics/gynecology (83.4%), dermatology (71.6%), and medicine (56.7%). Growth in likelihood of message-based interaction was greater for anesthesiology, dermatology, obstetrics/gynecology, pediatrics, and psychiatry than for medicine (p<0.001).Conclusions: This study demonstrates rapid adoption of secure messaging across diverse clinical specialties, with messaging interactions exceeding face-to-face clinic visits for some specialties. As patient portal and secure messaging adoption increase beyond medicine and primary care, research is needed to understand the implications for provider workload and patient care.Citation: Cronin RM, Davis SE, Shenson JA, Chen Q, Rosenbloom ST, Jackson GP. Growth of secure messaging through a patient portal as a form of outpatient interaction across clinical specialties. Appl Clin Inf 2015; 6: 288–304http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-12-RA-0117
Mobilizing to Re-value and Re-skill Foodservice Labor in U.S. School Lunchrooms: A Pathway to Community-level Food Sovereignty?
Authors: Gaddis Jennifer E. 
Published: April 2015

School foodservice is a form of reproductive labor, which is a term meant to encompass various kinds of work—mental, manual, and emotional—aimed at providing the historically and socially, as well as biologically, defined care necessary to maintain existing life and to reproduce the next generation. The increasing reliance on part-time work, convenience foods, and privatization that began in the early 1970s prevents many lunchroom workers’ from performing critical acts of reproductive labor. The unintended consequences of this transformation are now becoming clear in terms of the quality of food served in the nation’s lunchrooms, the nature of school foodservice labor, and the ecological consequences of the industrial food system. For a radical food politics, reversing the devaluing and deskilling of school foodservice provides a tremendous opportunity to engage both workers and students in pursuit of a just and sustainable food system. Much is at stake – over thirty million children participate in the National School Lunch Program each day. Thus the critical question becomes one of how such a radical revaluing and reskilling can be initiated. One possible avenue is through organized labor. In this article, I analyze early efforts to drive such a transformation, drawn from twelve months of participatory research with UNITE HERE! during their “Real Food, Real Jobs” campaigns in three U.S. cities.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 7, No. 1
Authors: John Albert 
Published: April 2015

International Journal of Chemistry wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal is greatly appreciated. Many authors, regardless of whether International Journal of Chemistry publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Reviewers for Volume 7, Number 1 Ahmad Galadima Ajeet Kumar Ana Sanches-Silva Aprajita Chauhan Bei Ding Binod P Pandey Diego Alonso Farkhondeh Fathi Greg Peters Hiren Chandrakant Mandalia Huawen Wu Ismail Ab Rahman Juan Giner-Casares Konstantinos Kasiotis Marianna Torok Michael Rajesh Stephen Monira Nessem Michael Prathapan Sreedharan Priya Mohan Rabia Rehman Rajasekhar Reddy Naredla Sayandev Chatterjee Sudheer Chava Vijay Ramalingam Yu Chen Yu Hou Zhixin Tian Albert John On behalf of, The Editorial Board of International Journal of Chemistry Canadian Center of Science and Education
Studies of the variations of the first Schumann resonance frequency during the solar flare on 7 March 2012
Authors: Zhou Hongjuan , Qiao Xiaolin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe ELF measurements at the YS station in China during the X5.4 solar flare on 7 March 2012 are examined. The first modal Schumann resonance (SR) frequencies of the horizontal magnetic field components were found to increase by 0.1–0.2 Hz during the X‐ray burst. During the enhancement of the proton flux, the first modal frequency of the east‐west magnetic field component decreases by approximately 0.6 Hz at most, while the variation in the north‐south magnetic field component is less well defined. The mechanisms of the variations are simulated with a finite difference time domain technique by modeling the perturbed conductivity profile in the day‐night asymmetric Earth‐ionosphere cavity and modeling the global lightning source with the raw flash data measured by satellites. The simulated varying trends of the SR frequencies observed near the ground with the altitudes of the conductivity perturbations are nearly the same as those previously reported and are interpreted by the two characteristic height model first proposed by Greifinger and Greifinger. It is concluded that the SR frequencies increase for enhanced conductivity above the altitude of 60–70 km because of the lowered magnetic height and decrease for enhanced conductivity below this altitude due to the lowered electric height. This finding can explain the opposite behaviors of the SR frequencies during X‐ray bursts and strong solar proton events (SPEs). The simulation model in this work proved to be effective, with the simulated shifts in the values of SR frequencies during X‐ray bursts and SPEs being close to the practical measurements.
The GAW‐PFR aerosol optical depth network: The 2008–2013 time series at Cape Point Station, South Africa
Authors: Nyeki S. , Wehrli C. , Gröbner J. , Kouremeti N. , Wacker S. , Labuschagne C. , Mbatha N. , Brunke E.‐G. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA ground‐based aerosol optical depth (AOD) climatology is presented for Cape Point (CPT) station, South Africa, for the 2008–2013 period. CPT is part of the Global Atmosphere Watch–Precision Filter Radiometer network which conducts long‐term AOD measurements at remote background sites. AOD (λ = 500 nm) and Ångström exponent (368 to 862 nm; α368–862) averages for the entire period were 0.059 and 0.68, displaying only a weak seasonality. Based on an established method for air mass classification using the in situ wind direction and 222Rn concentration, the following four air mass types were used to further investigate AOD: background marine, marine, mixed, and continental. AOD was similar for all types, but α368–862 was distinctly lower (0.43) for background marine and higher (1.07) for continental air masses, illustrating the presence of coarse mode and anthropogenic aerosols, respectively. Trajectory cluster analysis of 5 day back trajectories confirmed/augmented this classification. AOD for background marine and marine air mass types were consistent with ship‐based (Maritime Aerosol Network) and island (AErosol RObotic NETwork) measurements, suggesting that CPT is a suitable site to monitor pristine conditions in the South Atlantic and Southern Oceans when 222Rn concentrations are < 100 mBq m−3.
Lagrange‐type modeling of continuous dielectric permittivity variation in double‐higher‐order volume integral equation method
Authors: Chobanyan E. , Ilić M. M. , Notaroš B. M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA novel double‐higher‐order entire‐domain volume integral equation (VIE) technique for efficient analysis of electromagnetic structures with continuously inhomogeneous dielectric materials is presented. The technique takes advantage of large curved hexahedral discretization elements—enabled by double‐higher‐order modeling (higher‐order modeling of both the geometry and the current)—in applications involving highly inhomogeneous dielectric bodies. Lagrange‐type modeling of an arbitrary continuous variation of the equivalent complex permittivity of the dielectric throughout each VIE geometrical element is implemented, in place of piecewise homogeneous approximate models of the inhomogeneous structures. The technique combines the features of the previous double‐higher‐order piecewise homogeneous VIE method and continuously inhomogeneous finite element method (FEM). This appears to be the first implementation and demonstration of a VIE method with double‐higher‐order discretization elements and conformal modeling of inhomogeneous dielectric materials embedded within elements that are also higher (arbitrary) order (with arbitrary material‐representation orders within each curved and large VIE element). The new technique is validated and evaluated by comparisons with a continuously inhomogeneous double‐higher‐order FEM technique, a piecewise homogeneous version of the double‐higher‐order VIE technique, and a commercial piecewise homogeneous FEM code. The examples include two real‐world applications involving continuously inhomogeneous permittivity profiles: scattering from an egg‐shaped melting hailstone and near‐field analysis of a Luneburg lens, illuminated by a corrugated horn antenna. The results show that the new technique is more efficient and ensures considerable reductions in the number of unknowns and computational time when compared to the three alternative approaches.
Simultaneous field‐aligned currents at Swarm and Cluster satellites
Authors: Dunlop M. W. , Yang J.‐Y. , Yang Y.‐Y. , Xiong C. , Lühr H. , Bogdanova Y. V. , Shen C. , Olsen N. , Zhang Q.‐H. , Cao J.‐B. , Fu H.‐S. , Liu W.‐L. , Carr C. M. , Ritter P. , Masson A. , Haagmans R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe show for the first time, with direct, multispacecraft calculations of electric current density, and other methods, matched signatures of field‐aligned currents (FACs) sampled simultaneously near the ionosphere at low (~500 km altitude) orbit and in the magnetosphere at medium (~2.5 RE altitude) orbits using a particular Swarm and Cluster conjunction. The Cluster signatures are interpreted and ordered through joint mapping of the ground/magnetospheric footprints and estimation of the auroral zone boundaries (taken as indication of the boundaries of Region 1 and Region 2 currents). We find clear evidence of both small‐scale and large‐scale FACs and clear matching of the behavior and structure of the large‐scale currents at both Cluster and Swarm. The methodology is made possible through the joint operations of Cluster and Swarm, which contain, in the first several months of Swarm operations, a number of close three‐spacecraft configurations.
Frictional wave dissipation on a remarkably rough reef
Authors: Monismith Stephen G. , Rogers Justin S. , Koweek David , Dunbar Robert B. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe present a week of observations of wave dissipation on the south forereef of Palmyra Atoll. Using wave measurements made in 6.2 m and 11.2 m of water offshore of the surf zone, we computed energy fluxes and near‐bottom velocity. Equating the divergence of the shoreward energy flux to its dissipation by bottom friction and parameterizating dissipation in terms of the root‐mean‐square velocity cubed, we find that the wave friction factor, fw, for this reef is 1.80 ± 0.07, nearly an order of magnitude larger than values previously found for reefs. We attribute this remarkably high value of fw to the complex canopy structure of the reef, which we believe may be characteristic of healthy reefs. This suggests that healthy reefs with high coral cover may provide greater coastal protection than do degraded reefs with low coral cover.
Time domain structures: What and where they are, what they do, and how they are made
Authors: Mozer F. S. , Agapitov O. V. , Artemyev A. , Drake J. F. , Krasnoselskikh V. , Lejosne S. , Vasko I. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTime domain structures (TDS) (electrostatic or electromagnetic electron holes, solitary waves, double layers, etc.) are ≥1 ms pulses having significant parallel (to the background magnetic field) electric fields. They are abundant through space and occur in packets of hundreds in the outer Van Allen radiation belts where they produce magnetic‐field‐aligned electron pitch angle distributions at energies up to a hundred keV. TDS can provide the seed electrons that are later accelerated to relativistic energies by whistlers and they also produce field‐aligned electrons that may be responsible for some types of auroras. These field‐aligned electron distributions result from at least three processes. The first process is parallel acceleration by Landau trapping in the TDS parallel electric field. The second process is Fermi acceleration due to reflection of electrons by the TDS. The third process is an effective and rapid pitch angle scattering resulting from electron interactions with the perpendicular and parallel electric and magnetic fields of many TDS. TDS are created by current‐driven and beam‐related instabilities and by whistler‐related processes such as parametric decay of whistlers and nonlinear evolution from oblique whistlers. New results on the temporal relationship of TDS and particle injections, types of field‐aligned electron pitch angle distributions produced by TDS, the mechanisms for generation of field‐aligned distributions by TDS, the maximum energies of field‐aligned electrons created by TDS in the absence of whistler mode waves, TDS generation by oblique whistlers and three‐wave‐parametric decay, and the correlation between TDS and auroral particle precipitation, are presented.
Enantioselective Bio‐Hydrolysis of Various Racemic and meso Aromatic Epoxides Using the Recombinant Epoxide Hydrolase Kau2
Authors: Zhao Wei , Kotik Michael , Iacazio Gilles , Archelas Alain 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEpoxide hydrolase Kau2 overexpressed in Escherichia coli RE3 has been tested with ten different racemic and meso α,β‐disubstituted aromatic epoxides. Some of the tested substrates were bi‐functional, and most of them are very useful building blocks in synthetic chemistry applications. As a general trend Kau2 proved to be an extremely enantioselective biocatalyst, the diol products and remaining epoxides of the bioconversions being obtained – with two exceptions – in nearly enantiomerically pure form. Furthermore, the reaction times were usually very short (around 1 h, except when stilbene oxides were used), and the use of organic co‐solvents was well tolerated, enabling very high substrate concentrations (up to 75 g/L) to be reached. Even extremely sterically demanding epoxides such as cis‐ and trans‐stilbene oxides were transformed on a reasonable time scale. All reactions were successfully conducted on a 1 g preparative scale, generating diol‐ and epoxide‐based chiral synthons with very high enantiomeric excesses and isolated yields close to the theoretical maximum. Thus we have here demonstrated the usefulness and versatility of lyophilized Escherichia coli cells expressing Kau2 epoxide hydrolase as a highly enantioselective biocatalyst for accessing very valuable optically pure aromatic epoxides and diols through kinetic resolution of racemates or desymmetrization of meso epoxides.magnified image
Structure‐Guided Engineering of D‐Fructose‐6‐Phosphate Aldolase for Improved Acceptor Tolerance in Biocatalytic Aldol Additions
Authors: Soler Anna , Gutiérrez Mariana L. , Bujons Jordi , Parella Teodor , Minguillon Cristina , Joglar Jesús , Clapés Pere 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA structure‐guided redesign of D‐fructose‐6‐phosphate aldolase from Escherichia coli (FSA) was devised for improving the acceptor tolerance towards α‐substituted and conformationally constrained aldehydes. FSA A129S/R134X/A165G/S166G and L107Y/A129G/R134X/A165G/S166G variants, where X was R, V, P, or S, were the most suited biocatalysts for dihydroxyacetone, hydroxyacetone and glycolaldehyde additions to 20 α‐substituted N‐Cbz‐aminoaldehydes (Cbz=benzyloxycarbonyl) including pyrrolidine and piperidine derivatives. Full kinetic stereocontrol for si‐si face addition of the aldolase‐bound nucleophile to the N‐Cbz‐aminoaldehyde carbonyl was observed, furnishing the corresponding D‐threo configured aldol adduct in >95:5 dr as assessed by NMR. After reductive amination, 47 different iminocyclitols were identified and characterized. In some examples partial racemization of the corresponding aldehyde was observed, which appears to be produced mostly during the aldol addition reactions.magnified image
Finding the Selectivity Switch – A Rational Approach towards Stereocomplementary Variants of the Ene Reductase YqjM
Authors: Rüthlein Elisabeth , Classen Thomas , Dobnikar Lina , Schölzel Melanie , Pietruszka Jörg 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEne reductases from the Old Yellow Enzyme family are versatile biocatalysts useful for the synthesis of optically active compounds. One disadvantage of biocatalysts when compared to competing catalysts in chemical syntheses is that often only one stereoisomer of the product is available. Another drawback can be the lack of activity in certain enzyme–substrate combinations. We were able to approach both of these challenges rationally in the case of the enzymatic synthesis of methyl 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylpropanoate (commonly denoted as the Roche ester) and derivatives thereof using the ene reductase YqjM. By a highly efficient, concept‐based approach of designing mutant variants of YqjM and engineering substrates we could alter both the rate constant and the enantioselectivity of the reaction. Preparative scale reactions have been performed with successful mutants. In addition, the iterative modification of the substrate gave experiment‐based insights into the binding mode of the Roche ester precursor and its derivatives.magnified image
Detection of TDP‐43 oligomers in frontotemporal lobar degeneration–TDP
Authors: Kao Patricia F. , Chen Yun‐Ru , Liu Xiao‐Bo , DeCarli Charles , Seeley William W. , Jin Lee‐Way 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveThe proteinaceous inclusions in TDP‐43 proteinopathies such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD)‐TDP are made of high–molecular‐weight aggregates of TDP‐43. These aggregates have not been classified as amyloids, as prior amyloid staining results were not conclusive. Here we used a specific TDP‐43 amyloid oligomer antibody called TDP‐O to determine the presence and abundance of TDP‐43 oligomers among different subtypes of FTLD‐TDP as well as in hippocampal sclerosis (HS), which represents a non‐FTLD pathology with TDP‐43 inclusions.MethodsPostmortem tissue from the hippocampus and anterior orbital gyrus from 54 prospectively assessed and diagnosed subjects was used for immunostaining with TDP‐O. Electron microscopy was used to assess the subcellular locations of TDP‐O–decorated structures.ResultsTDP‐43 inclusions staining with TDP‐O were present in FTLD‐TDP and were most conspicuous for FTLD‐TDP type C, the subtype seen in most patients with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia. TDP‐O immunoreactivity was absent in the hippocampus of HS patients despite abundant TDP‐43 inclusions. Ultrastructurally, TDP‐43 oligomers resided in granular or tubular structures, frequently in close proximity to, but not within, neuronal lysosomes.InterpretationTDP‐43 forms amyloid oligomers in the human brain, which may cause neurotoxicity in a manner similar to other amyloid oligomers. Oligomer formation may contribute to the conformational heterogeneity of TDP‐43 aggregates and mark the different properties of TDP‐43 inclusions between FTLD‐TDP and HS. Ann Neurol 2015;78:211–221
Polarizing neutron by light‐irradiated graphene
Authors: Peng Feng 
Published: April 2015

We study the spin orientation of the neutron scattered by light‐irradiated graphene and calculate the average value of spin z‐component of the neutron in terms of a generating functional technique. Our calculation results indicate that there is a remarkable neutron polarization effect when a neutron penetrates graphene irradiated by a circularly polarized light. We analyse the dynamical source of generating this effect from the aspect of photon‐mediated interaction between the neutron spin and valley pseudospin. By comparing with the polarization induced by a magnetic field, we find that this polarization may be equivalent to the one led by a magnetic field of several hundred Teslas if the photon frequency is in the X‐ray frequency range. This provides an approach of polarizing neutrons.
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Die Entfaltung der C‐terminalen α‐Helix des Neuropeptids Y ist entscheidend für die Bindung und Aktivierung des Y2‐Rezeptors
Authors: Kaiser Anette , Müller Paul , Zellmann Tristan , Scheidt Holger A. , Thomas Lars , Bosse Mathias , Meier Rene , Meiler Jens , Huster Daniel , Beck‐Sickinger Annette G. , Schmidt Peter 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTrotz jüngster Fortschritte in der Strukturbestimmung von G‐Protein‐gekoppelten Rezeptoren (GPCR) gibt es nur wenige Daten zur Interaktion von GPCRs mit größeren Peptidliganden. In dieser Arbeit kombinieren wir Methoden der NMR‐Spektroskopie, der molekularen Modellierung und der ortsgerichteten komplementären Mutagenese und präsentieren ein Strukturmodell des Peptidhormons Neuropeptid Y (NPY) im Komplex mit seinem humanen G‐Protein‐gekoppelten Y2‐Rezeptor (Y2R). Festkörper‐NMR‐Messungen von spezifisch isotopenmarkiertem NPY im Komplex mit in vitro gefaltetem und in Phospholipid‐Bizellen rekonstituiertem Y2R liefern Daten zur bioaktiven Peptidstruktur. Unterstützt von Lösungs‐NMR‐Studien konnten Interaktionen des Liganden mit dem zweiten extrazellulären Loop des Rezeptors über hydrophobe Kontakte nachgewiesen werden. Die C‐terminale α‐Helix von NPY, die sich in einer Membranumgebung in Abwesenheit des Rezeptors bildet, entfaltet sich ab T 32, um einen optimalen Kontakt tief in der Bindungstasche des transmembranen Bereichs des Y2R zu ermöglichen.