bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socially plastic responses in females are robust to evolutionary manipulations of adult sex ratio and adult nutrition
Authors: McConnell Nathan , Haerty Wilfried , Gage Matthew J G , Chapman Tracey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Socially plastic behaviours are widespread among animals and can have a significant impact on fitness. Here, we investigated whether the socially plastic responses of female Drosophila melanogaster can evolve in predictable ways following long-term manipulation of adult sex ratio and adult nutrient availability. Previous reports show that female D. melanogaster respond plastically to their same-sex social environment and lay significantly fewer eggs after mating when previously exposed to other females. In this study, we tested 2 hypotheses, using females drawn from lines with an evolutionary history of exposure to variation in adult sex ratio (male-biased, female-biased or equal sex ratio) and adult nutritional environment (high or low quality). The first was that a history of elevated competition in female-biased regimes would select for increased plastic fecundity responses in comparison to females from other lines. The second was that these responses would also be magnified under poor nutritional resource regimes. Neither hypothesis was supported. Instead, we found that plastic fecundity responses were retained in females from all lines and did not differ significantly across any of them. The lack of differences does not appear to be due to insufficient selection, as we did observe significant evolutionary responses in virgin egg-laying patterns according to sex ratio and nutritional regime. The lack of variation in the magnitude of predicted plasticity is consistent with the idea that the costs of maintaining plasticity are low, benefits high, and that plasticity itself can be relatively hard wired.
Elastic reverse time migration using an efficient and accurate adaptive variable grid discretization method
Authors: Yang Xiujin , Huang Jianping , Shen Yi , Chen Liang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The conventional reverse time migration utilizes regularly sampled computational grids to simulate wave propagation. Selecting the appropriate grid sampling is important for computational accuracy and efficiency. In general, the uniform-size grid cannot represent the complexity of the geology well. The grid may appear sparse in the low-velocity zone, especially in shallow depths where dispersion may occur. Conversely, it may appear excessively dense in the high-velocity zone, such as at greater depths or within a salt body, which results in higher computational memory and time consumption. To overcome these issues, we developed an efficient and accurate adaptive variable grid discretization method that automatically selects the vertical grid size based on the velocity, depth, and dominant frequency of the wavelet in elastic medium. Then we reformulated the elastic equations based on the adaptive variable grid by introducing a mapping relationship. To test the effectiveness, accuracy, and efficiency of the equation, we implemented it to both the forward propagation and migration of elastic wavefield. Synthetic numerical examples demonstrate that our proposed method can achieve elastic wavefield separation and no significant dispersion phenomenon. The multi-component imaging accuracy of reverse time migration is nearly equivalent to the traditional method, while significantly improving computational efficiency and saving storage space.
Self-reported preoperative anxiety and depression associated with worse patient-reported outcomes for periacetabular osteotomy and hip arthroscopy surgery
Authors: Richey Ann E , Segovia Nicole , Hastings Katherine , Klemt Christian , Pun Stephanie Y 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Adverse mental health status has been linked to less successful surgical outcomes across several orthopaedic subspecialties. Mental health represents a modifiable risk factor that can be optimized preoperatively to maximize outcomes for hip preservation surgery. This study examines the relationship between preoperative mental health status and preoperative and postoperative outcomes for adolescent and adult patients undergoing hip preservation surgery. A prospectively enrolled registry of patients undergoing periacetabular osteotomy or hip arthroscopy at a single institution between 2013 and 2021 was retrospectively reviewed to collect demographics and outcomes before and after surgery. We identified patients self-reporting anxiety/depression or no anxiety/depression preoperatively based on responses to the EuroQol-5D anxiety/depression dimension and compared their preoperative and postoperative Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (HOOSs) using multivariable linear models and multivariable mixed effects models. Seventy-three patients were included, 40 patients with no anxiety/depression and 33 patients with anxiety/depression. Patients with anxiety/depression had worse preoperative HOOS pain (b = −12.5, P = .029), function in daily living (b = −12.0, P = .045), function in sports and recreational activities (b = −15.1, P = .030), and quality of life (b = −16.3, P = .005) as compared to patients with no anxiety/depression. Patients with anxiety/depression had worse postoperative HOOS compared to patients with no anxiety/depression, but these associations were not statistically significant after adjusting for preoperative HOOS. There were no significant differences between both groups for percent achieving minimal clinically important difference. Patients who reported anxiety/depression preoperatively had worse preoperative pain and function before hip preservation surgery, with both groups achieving similar levels of clinical effectiveness.
A real-world survey on expensive drugs used as first-line chemotherapy in patients with HER2-negative unresectable advanced/recurrent gastric cancer in the stomach cancer study group of the Japan clinical oncology group
Authors: Nishina Tomohiro , Boku Narikazu , Kurokawa Yukinori , Sasaki Keita , Machida Ryunosuke , Yoshikawa Takaki 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Molecular-targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been developed for various malignant diseases, thereby improving clinical outcomes. However, these drugs are expensive, and few studies have assessed their actual use and costs in Japan. This study aimed to survey the use and costs of first-line chemotherapy for advanced/recurrent gastric cancer (AGC) in real-world settings.

Methods
The survey included patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor type2 (HER2)-negative AGC who initiated first-line chemotherapy from January 2022 to December 2022 at the participating 92 institutions in the Japan Clinical Oncology Group. Data on the regimens were collected using Google Forms. A regimen that costs &gt;500 000 Japanese yen (JPY) per month was defined as expensive.

Results
Data on chemotherapy regimens were collected from 2173 patients at all 92 institutions between March 2023 and May 2023. We analyzed 2113 patients who underwent the chemotherapy with recommended regimens and conditionally recommended regimens according to the Japanese Gastric Cancer Treatment Guidelines sixth edition. The expensive regimens were triplet chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine (S-1 or capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil/levofolinate), oxaliplatin, and nivolumab. Their monthly costs ranged from 767 648 to 771 046 JPY. Nivolumab-containing regimens cost more than 20 times the price of conventional chemotherapy with fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin. These regimens were used in 1416 (67%) of 2113 patients: in 71% of patients aged ≤74 years and in 59% of patients aged ≥75 years.

Conclusion
The regimens with &gt;20-fold cost of conventional chemotherapy were used as first-line chemotherapy in two-thirds of patients and more than half even in the elderly population with HER2-negative AGC. This finding is important for future health economic studies on drug cost-efficacy.
Impact of the FIGO2023 staging system on endometrial cancer in Japan: differences between next-generation sequencing and simplified surrogate marker analysis
Authors: Nara Ryoken , Furusawa Akiko , Hiraki Tsubasa , Takahashi Nobutaka , Hatakeyama Keiichi , Urakami Kenichi , Hirashima Yasuyuki , Yamaguchi Ken 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) revised the staging system of endometrial cancer in 2023. In this study, we aimed to determine stage transitions and prognosis of endometrial cancer using FIGO2008, FIGO2023 without molecular classification (FIGO2023), and FIGO2023 with molecular classification (FIGO2023m).

Methods
Eighty-three patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer who underwent surgery and next-generation sequencing (NGS) molecular profiling as part of the Project HOPE cohort study were enrolled. Each case was staged according to the FIGO2008 and FIGO2023 criteria, and we evaluated changes in stage and disease-specific survival (DSS). Molecular classification based on NGS was performed to evaluate FIGO2023m, and the concordance rate with immunohistochemical marker analysis was assessed.

Results
Transitioning from FIGO2008 to FIGO2023 resulted in the restaging of 18 cases. Conversely, transitioning from FIGO2008 to FIGO2023m led to the restaging of 15 cases. The concordance rate between FIGO2023 and FIGO2023m staging was 96.4%. With FIGO2023m, the 5-year DSS was 97.6% for stage I (95% confidence interval [CI] 83.9–99.7), 83.3% for stage II (95% CI 56.8–94.3), 100% for stage III (95% CI NA), and 25.0% for stage IV (95% CI 0.9–66.5). Discrepancies in disease staging due to discordance between simplified surrogate marker analysis and NGS evaluation occurred in two cases.

Conclusions
The revision of the staging system from FIGO2008 to FIGO2023 and FIGO2023m resulted in the restaging of several cases, with significant changes between stages I and II.
Leukemia inhibitory factor drives transcriptional programs that promote lipid accumulation and M2 polarization in macrophages
Authors: Chaparro Visnu , Leroux Louis-Philippe , Lebourg Aurore , Chagneau Sophie , Graber Tyson E , Alain Tommy , Jaramillo Maritza 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Leukemia inhibitory factor, a member of the interleukin-6 cytokine family, plays a central role in homeostasis and disease. Interestingly, some of the pleiotropic effects of leukemia inhibitory factor have been attributed to the modulation of macrophage functions although the molecular underpinnings have not been explored at a genome-wide scale. Herein, we investigated leukemia inhibitory factor–driven transcriptional changes in murine bone marrow–derived macrophages by RNA sequencing. In silico analyses revealed a selective and time-dependent remodeling of macrophage gene expression programs associated with lipid metabolism and cell activation. Accordingly, a subset of leukemia inhibitory factor–upregulated transcripts related to cholesterol metabolism and lipid internalization was validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. This was accompanied by a leukemia inhibitory factor–enhanced capacity for lipid accumulation in macrophages upon incubation with oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Mechanistically, leukemia inhibitory factor triggered the phosphorylation (Y705 and S727) and nuclear translocation of the transcription factor STAT3 in bone marrow–derived macrophages. Consistent with this, ingenuity pathway analysis identified STAT3 as an upstream regulator of a subset of transcripts, including Il4ra, in leukemia inhibitory factor–treated macrophages. Notably, leukemia inhibitory factor priming enhanced bone marrow–derived macrophage responses to interleukin-4-mediated M2 polarization (i.e. increased arginase activity and accumulation of transcripts encoding for M2 markers). Conversely, leukemia inhibitory factor stimulation had no significant effect in bone marrow–derived macrophage responses to M1-polarizing stimuli (interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide). Thus, our study provides insight into the transcriptional landscape of leukemia inhibitory factor–treated macrophages, shedding light on its role in lipid metabolism and M2 polarization responses. A better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing leukemia inhibitory factor–driven changes might help informing novel therapeutic approaches aiming to reprogram macrophage phenotypes in diseased states (e.g. cancer, atherosclerosis, and infection).
Adiposity assessed close to diagnosis and prostate cancer prognosis in the EPIC study
Authors: Cariolou Margarita , Christakoudi Sofia , Gunter Marc J , Key Tim , Pérez-Cornago Aurora , Travis Ruth , Zamora-Ros Raul , Petersen Kristina Elin T , Tjønneland Anne , Weiderpass Elisabete , Kaaks Rudolf , Seibold Petra , Inan-Eroglu Elif , Schulze Matthias B , Masala Giovanna , Agnoli Claudia , Tumino Rosario , Di Girolamo Chiara , Aizpurua Amaia , Rodriguez-Barranco Miguel , Santiuste Carmen , Guevara Marcela , Aune Dagfinn , Chan Doris S M , Muller David C , Tsilidis Konstantinos K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Adiposity has been characterized as a modifiable risk factor for prostate cancer. Its association with outcomes after prostate cancer diagnosis, however, must be better understood, and more evidence is needed to facilitate the development of lifestyle guidance for patients with prostate cancer.

Methods
We investigated the associations between adiposity indices close to prostate cancer diagnosis (up to 2 years before or up to 5 years after diagnosis) and mortality in 1968 men of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Men were followed up for a median of 9.5 years. Cox proportional hazards models were adjusted for age and year of diagnosis, disease stage and grade, and smoking history and stratified by country.

Results
Each 5-unit increment in prediagnosis or postdiagnosis body mass index combined was associated with a 30% higher rate of all-cause mortality and a 49% higher rate of prostate cancer–specific mortality. Similarly, each 5-unit increment in prediagnosis body mass index was associated with a 35% higher rate of all-cause mortality and a 51% higher rate of prostate cancer–specific mortality. The associations were less strong for postdiagnosis body mass index, with a lower number of men in analyses. Less clear positive associations were shown for waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist to hip ratio, but data were limited.

Conclusions
Elevated levels of adiposity close to prostate cancer diagnosis could lead to higher risk of mortality; therefore, men are encouraged to maintain a healthy weight. Additional research is needed to confirm whether excessive adiposity after prostate cancer diagnosis could worsen prognosis.
Mediated risks through rose-tinted glasses? Exploring barriers and boosters to critical deconstructions of mediated risk behavior by Dutch adolescents
Authors: Sadza Anne , Daalmans Serena , Rozendaal Esther , Buijzen Moniek 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Given the potential for media portrayals to affect adolescents’ cognitions regarding risk behaviors and the importance of message interpretation processes, this study investigates how adolescents give meaning to media portrayals of risk behavior (e.g., alcohol, smoking, drugs, sex, and reckless behavior) and which factors play a role within this process through 7 focus groups followed by 50 individual interviews with adolescents. Findings indicate adolescents are far from passive consumers of media portrayals of risk behavior. Participants expressed awareness of the ubiquity and symbolism with which risk behaviors are portrayed in popular media and were mostly adept at deconstructing the images portrayed. However, this did not always translate to critical responses. An interplay of real-life experiences and message characteristics informed judgments about media portrayals of risk behavior. Contributing factors to critical and media-literate deconstructions are distilled in the form of barriers and boosters, and suggestions for media literacy interventions are formulated.
A surgical resection of giant perianal mass secondary to complex anal fistula: a case report
Authors: Fan Yu , Yu Zhun , Xu Cuizhu , Wang Jiali , Hu Ting 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In complex anal fistula, the patient’s anus has multiple internal or external openings. The closure of the external opening can be broken again in other trips and another external opening. It is one of the refractory diseases in the field of anorectal surgery. In the treatment of a high recurrence rate, poor functional protection and other problems, surgical treatment such as incision and retention of sphincter hanging line, incision and suture internal opening drainage, fistula removal, and suture were used for different situations. After the failure of surgical treatment, it becomes chronic anal fistula or become cancerous tumor. In this case, the patient had a long time of illness, the mass was huge, the color was black, and it was suspected to be a secondary malignant tumor. This situation is extremely rare in clinical treatment. In our hospital, a case of complex anal fistula secondary to perianal huge tumor was found, and good therapeutic effect was achieved after complex anal fistula resection and tumor resection. In this case, the patient had complex anal fistula for about 5 years without timely treatment, and the perianal mass was rare and huge. It is shown by ultrasonography the secondary malignant tumor, which was extremely rare in clinical treatment. During the operation, it was found that three fistulas at the root of the tumor were connected with one of the anal fistulas. From the appearance, the tumor seems to have a malignant tendency. After surgical resection, the pathology was suppurative inflammation and granulation tissue hyperplasia. The patients recovered well after follow-up and did not relapse. This case report provides case reference and reference for clinical treatment of anorectal diseases.
Use of ICG dye for urinary tract identification during robotic peritoneal window creation for a post-kidney transplant lymphocele
Authors: Arammash Mohammad , Arammash Hosam , Syed Shareef 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Minimally invasive surgical creation of a peritoneal window for the treatment of lymphoceles post-kidney transplant is an effective procedure that comes with an elevated risk of iatrogenic injury to the urinary tract. Here, we present indocyanine green dye injection through a ureteral stent for intraoperative identification and avoidance of the transplant collecting system during peritoneal window creation. The procedure was successful and allowed for the resolution of the lymphocele without complication.
A rare case of gastric schwannoma mimicking GIST: diagnostic and therapeutic approach
Authors: Sawafta Ahmed , Awashra Ameer , Sawaftah Zaid , Odah Ali Bani , Khatib Amer , Dababat Huthayfa , Yasin Anas , Khamaysa Jehad , Daraghmeh Muath 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Gastric schwannomas are rare, benign neurogenic tumors originating from Schwann cells within the gastrointestinal tract, comprising only 0.2% of all gastric tumors. This report presents the case of a 32-year-old female patient who experienced severe periumbilical pain, nausea, and vomiting, ultimately diagnosed with gastric schwannoma. Initial imaging and endoscopic evaluations suggested a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), but postoperative histopathological analysis confirmed schwannoma, showing S-100 positivity and negativity for CD117, DOG-1, SMA, Desmin, and CD34. The patient underwent successful central gastrectomy with negative surgical margins and no metastasis. Despite a postoperative complication of small bowel obstruction, which was managed conservatively, the patient remained symptom-free with no recurrence over the follow-up period. This case underscores the importance of differential diagnosis, distinguishing schwannomas from GISTs and other submucosal lesions through thorough histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses, and highlights the efficacy of complete surgical resection in preventing recurrence.
Phospholamban Cardiomyopathy Leading to Advanced Heart Failure in an Active Duty Service Member
Authors: Choi Ryan , Geis Robert N , Shin Satoshi , Oakley Luke , Choi Anthony , Wessman Dylan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
A phospholamban mutation is a rare genetic cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Our case describes a young service member who presented with advanced heart failure and was found to have a familial DCM from an autosomal dominant phospholamban mutation. He ultimately underwent a successful heart transplant just 23 days after his initial presentation. This case highlights the importance of genetic screening and surveillance for patients with a family history of DCM, and it identifies a gap in medical standards for military accession.
Nitric Oxide as an Efficient Antimicrobial Treatment for Second-Degree Burn Wounds
Authors: Davis Stephen C , Gil Joel , Solis Michael 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Nitric oxide (NO) is a lipophilic gas with potent antimicrobial activity. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of NO-releasing compounds against bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of topical NO formations with sustained release on microbial reduction in wounds.

Materials and Methods
Swine was used as the preclinical animal model because of the similarities of porcine skin to human skin. Second-degree burn wounds were created in 3 pigs and then inoculated with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, or Candida albicans and covered with polyurethane film dressings to create biofilms. After 48 hours, wounds were then treated daily and then recovered for the bacterial burden assessments. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS statistics 27 using one-way ANOVA.

Results
All treatments significantly reduced (P ≤ .05) the bacterial counts between assessment days 4 and 7. Wounds treated with the NVN4000 (1.8%) exhibited greater than 99.7% bacterial reduction on days 4 and 7. Significant differences (P ≤ .05) were observed in wounds treated with NVN4000 (1.8%) compared to silver sulfadiazine.

Conclusions
These studies demonstrate that topical NO-releasing formulations effectively reduce the microbial burden of several microorganisms and exhibit superior antimicrobial efficacy compared to silver sulfadiazine in the porcine wound model.