bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Annoying Danish relatives: Comprehension and production of relative clauses by Danish children with and without SLI
Authors: JENSEN DE LÓPEZ KRISTINE , SUNDAHL OLSEN LONE , CHONDROGIANNI VASILIKI 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThis study examines the comprehension and production of subject and object relative clauses (SRCs, ORCs) by children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and their typically developing (TD) peers. The purpose is to investigate whether relative clauses are problematic for Danish children with SLI and to compare errors with those produced by TD children. Eighteen children with SLI, eighteen TD age-matched (AM) and nine TD language-matched (LM) Danish-speaking children participated in a comprehension and in a production task. All children performed better on the comprehension compared with the production task, as well as on SRCs compared to ORCs and produced various avoidance strategies. In the ORC context, children with SLI produced more reversal errors than the AM children, who opted for passive ORCs. These results are discussed within current theories of SLI and indicate a deficiency with the assignment of thematic roles rather than with the structural make-up of RCs.
Nationwide outbreak of Salmonella Montevideo infections associated with contaminated imported black and red pepper: warehouse membership cards provide critical clues to identify the source
Authors: GIERALTOWSKI L. , JULIAN E. , PRINGLE J. , MACDONALD K. , QUILLIAM D. , MARSDEN-HAUG N. , SAATHOFF-HUBER L. , VON STEIN D. , KISSLER B. , PARISH M. , ELDER D. , HOWARD-KING V. , BESSER J. , SODHA S. , LOHARIKAR A. , DALTON S. , WILLIAMS I. , BEHRAVESH C. BARTON 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYIn November 2009, we initiated a multistate investigation of Salmonella Montevideo infections with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern JIXX01.0011. We identified 272 cases in 44 states with illness onset dates ranging from 1 July 2009 to 14 April 2010. To help generate hypotheses, warehouse store membership card information was collected to identify products consumed by cases. These records identified 19 ill persons who purchased company A salami products before onset of illness. A case-control study was conducted. Ready-to-eat salami consumption was significantly associated with illness (matched odds ratio 8·5, 95% confidence interval 2·1–75·9). The outbreak strain was isolated from company A salami products from an environmental sample from one manufacturing plant, and sealed containers of black and red pepper at the facility. This outbreak illustrates the importance of using membership card information to assist in identifying suspect vehicles, the potential for spices to contaminate ready-to-eat products, and preventing raw ingredient contamination of these products.
Prevalence estimates of diagnosed viral hepatitis B, liver condition outcomes and hospitalization costs: a population record-linkage study in Tayside, Scotland
Authors: McLERNON D. J. , DONNAN P. T. , DILLON J. F. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYWe estimated prevalence and incidence of liver condition outcomes, and costs to the health service of diagnosed hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Tayside, UK. HBV patients were identified from electronic virology data between 1989 and 2003. The health resource costs of HBV for surface antigen-positive (HBsAg+) patients and HBV (HBsAg+ or immune, i.e. recovered) patients were calculated. A total of 633 patients had HBV (275 HBsAg+), and were more likely to be male (62% vs. 48%), older (mean age 42·6 vs. 39·2 years) and deprived than the general population. The prevalence of immune individuals increased steadily. Post-HBV diagnosis, 24% of immune and 13% of HBsAg+ patients were diagnosed with a liver condition. The median cost per immune patient (£3023) was greater than per HBsAg+ patient (£1498) (P = 0·02). While increasing prevalence of immune HBV patients highlights an increase in screening and treatment, the costs associated with this group are high.
Early high CMV seroprevalence in pregnant women from a population with a high rate of congenital infection
Authors: YAMAMOTO A. Y. , CASTELLUCCI R. A. C. , ARAGON D. C. , MUSSI-PINHATA M. M. 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYCongenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection rates increase with maternal seroprevalence due to transmission from maternal non-primary infection. CMV seroprevalence estimates of pregnant women are needed for planning strategies against congenital CMV transmission. We aimed to determine the age-specific prevalence of serum antibodies for CMV in a representative age-stratified sample of unselected pregnant women from a Brazilian population. A total of 985 pregnant women, aged 12–46 years (median 24 years), were enrolled. Overall CMV seroprevalence was 97% (95% confidence interval 95·8–98·0), with age-specific (years) prevalence as follows: 12–19 (96·3%), 20–24 (97·7%), 25–29 (97·1%), and 30–46 (96·7%). CMV seroprevalence is almost universal (97%) and is found at similar levels in pregnant women of ages ranging from 12 to 46 years. Because high CMV seroprevalence is found even in women of a younger age in this population, this finding suggests that the majority of primary CMV infections occur early, in infancy or childhood. As a consequence, vaccines currently under development to prevent primary infection may not be a solution for the prevention of congenital CMV infection in this population.
Patterns of dietary intake and psychological distress in older Australians: benefits not just from a Mediterranean diet
Authors: Hodge Allison , Almeida Osvaldo P. , English Dallas R. , Giles Graham G. , Flicker Leon 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTBackground: Anxiety and depression contribute to morbidity in elderly adults and may be associated with diet. We investigated the association between diet and psychological distress as a marker for depression.Methods: Dietary patterns were defined by factor analysis or the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS); depression and anxiety were assessed 12 years later. A total of 8,660 generally healthy men and women born in Australia and aged 50–69 years from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study were included. At baseline (1990–1994), diet (food frequency questionnaire), education, Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) – Index of Relative Socio-economic Disadvantage, medication use, social engagement, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol use, and health conditions were assessed; at follow-up (2003–2007), psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). Logistic regression was used to identify associations between diet and a K10 score ≥20, indicative of psychological distress.Results: The MDS was inversely associated with psychological distress, with the odds ratio in the top-scoring group relative to the lowest scoring group being 0.72 (95% confidence interval = 0.54–0.95). Stronger adherence to a traditional Australian-style eating pattern was also associated with a lower K10 score at follow-up, with the odds ratio for having a K10 score indicative of psychological distress for the top 20% of adherence to this pattern relative to the lowest being 0.61 (95% confidence interval = 0.40–0.91).Conclusions: A Mediterranean-style diet was associated with less psychological distress, possibly through provision of a healthy nutrient profile. The Australian dietary pattern, which included some foods high in fat and sugar content along with whole foods, also showed a weak inverse association. Adherence to this pattern may reflect a feeling of belonging to the community associated with less psychological distress.
Unnatural history of the right ventricle in patients with congenitally malformed hearts
Authors: Lopez Leo , Cohen Meryl S. , Anderson Robert H. , Redington Andrew N. , Nykanen David G. , Penny Daniel J. , Deanfield John E. , Eidem Benjamin W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe long-term outcome of patients with congenitally malformed hearts involving abnormal right ventricular morphology and haemodynamics is variable. In most instances, the patients are at risk for right ventricular failure, in part due to morphological differences between the right and left ventricles and their response to chronic volume and pressure overload. In patients after repair of tetralogy of Fallot, and after balloon valvotomy for valvar pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary regurgitation is the most significant risk factor for right ventricular dysfunction. In patients with a dominant right ventricle after Fontan palliation, and in those with systemic right ventricles in association with surgically or congenitally corrected transposition, the right ventricle is not morphologically capable of dealing with chronic exposure to the high afterload of the systemic circulation. In patients with Ebstein’s malformation of the tricuspid valve, the degree of atrialisation of the right ventricle determines how well the right ventricle will function as the pump for the pulmonary vascular bed.
Excessive iodine intake, water chemicals and endemic goitre in a Sudanese coastal area
Authors: Medani Abdel Monim MH , Elnour Abdelsalam A , Saeed Amal M 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo study the associations between intakes of iodine and water chemicals and the thyroid gland status of schoolchildren living in the coastal city of Port Sudan.DesignIn our previous nationwide study on goitre, it was observed that the prevalence of goitre was high in Port Sudan city despite high urinary iodine excretion. A cross-sectional study including schoolchildren aged 6–12 years was designed. Measurements determined the prevalence of goitre, urinary iodine concentration and thiocyanate secretion in casual urine samples, serum levels of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroglobulin, as well as the levels of Cl–, F–, Ca2+, Mg2+and total hardness of drinking water.SubjectsSchoolchildren (n654) aged 6–12 years.SettingPort Sudan city is located at the western bank of the Red Sea. The city is surrounded by a mountainous area known as the Red Sea Hills. It is the main sea port in the Sudan, inhabited by ethnically and socio-economically heterogeneous populations.ResultsThe prevalence of goitre in Port Sudan was 34·86 % while the median urinary iodine concentration was 46·4 μg/dl. Out of thirty-one pupils from Port Sudan, twenty-four (77·42 %) were found to have urinary iodine concentration greater than 30 μg/dl and twelve (38·71 %) had different degrees of biochemical hypothyroidism. Excessive concentrations of Cl–, Ca2+, Mg2+and water hardness (369·2, 116·48, 60·21 and 539·0 mg/l, respectively) were detected in drinking water samples collected from Port Sudan that exceeded levels permitted by the WHO.ConclusionsThe coastal city of Port Sudan is a goitre-endemic area. In contrast to other Sudanese cities in which endemic goitre is related to iodine deficiency, goitre in Port Sudan is associated with iodine excess. Water chemicals seemed to have no effects on thyroid status.
Manuka honey mouthwash does not affect oral mucositis in head and neck cancer patients in New Zealand
Authors: Parsons Emma , Begley Aubrey , Herst Patries 
Published: December 2012

AbstractOral mucositis is an unavoidable side effect of radiation therapy to the head and neck, which can compromise patient health and quality of life. This study investigates the effect of manuka honey on the extent of oral mucositis in head and neck patients in New Zealand. A total of 28 patients were recruited; 10 patients received standard care and 18 patients were given additional manuka honey. Honey was used three times a day; assessment included: extent of oral mucositis using a multi-site mucositis scoring system, weight and quality of life. The first six patients, randomised to the honey arm, used undiluted honey and pulled out in the first week because of extreme nausea, vomiting and stinging sensations in the mouth. The next 12 honey patients used a honey mouthwash (diluted 1:3). Six of these patients completed the trial and four more completed the first 4 weeks of the trial. Eight control patients completed the trial. In contrast to previous honey trials in Malaysia, Egypt, Iran and India, diluted manuka honey did not decrease the extent and onset of radiation-induced oral mucositis but did appear to ameliorate radiation-induced weight loss and increase quality of life in the absence of cisplatin chemotherapy.
Modulation of attention network activation under antidepressant agents in healthy subjects
Authors: Graf Heiko , Abler Birgit , Hartmann Antonie , Metzger Coraline D. , Walter Martin 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
While antidepressants are supposed to exert similar effects on mood and drive via various mechanisms of action, diverging effects are observed regarding side-effects and accordingly on neural correlates of motivation, emotion, reward and salient stimuli processing as a function of the drugs impact on neurotransmission. In the context of erotic stimulation, a unidirectional modulation of attentional functioning despite opposite effects on sexual arousal has been suggested for the selective serotonin reuptake-inhibitor (SSRI) paroxetine and the selective dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake-inhibitor (SDNRI) bupropion. To further elucidate the effects of antidepressant-related alterations of neural attention networks, we investigated 18 healthy males under subchronic administration (7 d) of paroxetine (20 mg), bupropion (150 mg) and placebo within a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over double-blind functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design during an established preceding attention task. Neuropsychological effects beyond the fMRI-paradigm were assessed by measuring alertness and divided attention. Comparing preceding attention periods of salient vs. neutral pictures, we revealed congruent effects of both drugs vs. placebo within the anterior midcingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior prefrontal cortex, superior temporal gyrus, anterior insula and the thalamus. Relatively decreased activation in this network was paralleled by slower reaction times in the divided attention task in both verum conditions compared to placebo. Our results suggest similar effects of antidepressant treatments on behavioural and neural attentional functioning by diverging neurochemical pathways. Concurrent alterations of brain regions within a fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular attention network for top-down control could point to basic neural mechanisms of antidepressant action irrespective of receptor profiles.
Lines on Maps and the Frontiers of Legal Research
Authors: Larkin John 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article by John Larkin QC, Attorney General for Northern Ireland, is based on his keynote speech which he delivered at the BIALL Conference which was held in Belfast in June 2012. He discusses the ways in which serendipity can play an important part in researching law, speaks of the frontiers that stand as limitations to contemporary legal research and identifies how these limits can be overcome; and he promotes the importance of both libraries and law librarians.
The Uniqueness of Northern Ireland Public Law
Authors: Anthony Gordon 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article is broadly based upon a presentation given by Gordon Anthony, which was given at the annual conference of the British and Irish Association of Law Librarians on 15 June 2012 in Belfast. Its purpose is to outline some of the ways in which public law in Northern Ireland is unique within the wider setting of the UK. Although it is true that the law of Northern Ireland shares much in common with principle and practice elsewhere in the UK, there are some notable differences that are attributable to the fact that Northern Ireland has its own court system and legal and political history. The article thus examines some of the differences that exist at the constitutional level and which can be associated with, most famously, the Belfast Agreement 1998. It also summaries some of the differences that can be found at the level of legal citation, for instance of case law and statute law for the jurisdiction.
Communication, Culture and Context: Best Practice for Working Internationally
Authors: Batts Sara , Breslin Jas , Winter Susanna 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA job with a global law firm can involve meeting or working alongside colleagues from many different countries. In order to communicate effectively, we need to be aware of the different norms within which we work. Sara Batts, Jas Breslin and Susanna Winter, who together have many years’ experience working internationally, discuss three key areas which can help enhance our interactions with our counterparts overseas.
From Oxford to Williamsburg: Part 2 – The College of William & Mary Law School and Wolf Law Library
Authors: Heller James S. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWilliam & Mary, chartered in 1693 by King William III and Queen Mary II, is the second oldest college in America. When George Wythe was appointed Professor of Law and Policy in 1779, the College opened the first American law school. This article, written by Jim Heller, traces the development of the law school and its library in four stages. The Founding Stage, from 1779 until the commencement of the Civil War in 1861, shows gradual growth for the young law program. The Stage of Decline lasted from the closing of the College in 1861 to the reinstitution of the study of law at the College in the early 1920's. The fifty-year Struggling Revival Era runs from the early 1920's through to the 1970s. The Modern Era, from 1980 to the present, shows maturation and growth of the law school and the law library.
Caregiver unmet needs, burden, and satisfaction in symptomatic
advanced cancer patients at a Veterans Affairs (VA) medical center
Authors: HWANG SHIRLEY S. , CHANG VICTOR T. , ALEJANDRO YVETTE , OSENENKO PAMELA , DAVIS CASAUNDRA , COGSWELL JANET , SRINIVAS SHANTHI , KASIMIS BASIL 
Published: December 2012

Objectives: Caregiver outcomes among those caring
for symptomatic advanced cancer patients at VA Medical Centers
have not been well reported. The purposes of this study were (1) to
identify the caregiver characteristics and their unmet needs; (2) to
examine the association between caregiver unmet needs, caregiver
burden, and caregiver satisfaction; and (3) to identify the independent
predictors of different caregiver outcomes.Methods: One hundred caregivers completed three caregiver
outcomes instruments: Family Inventory of Needs (FIN), Care Strain
Index (CSI), and Family Satisfaction with Advanced Cancer Care
(FAMCARE). The caregivers' demographics and their function,
depression, health status, and social support status as well as the
caregivers' perception of the patients' unmet needs (PPUN)
were obtained. Principal component analysis was performed to examine
the underlying dimensions of caregiver outcome measures. Pearson
correlation and stepwise multivariate regression analyses were
performed.Results: The median number of unmet needs was 2 and the
median CSI score was 4. Most of unmet needs were related to information
needs (needing more information related to home care, finding help with
the problems at home, and disease prognosis) and symptom management.
The majority of caregivers were satisfied or very satisfied by the care
patients received. Spouse caregivers (N = 60, 60%) were
significantly older (p = 0.006) with higher unemployment rates
(p = 0.001), higher depression scores (p = 0.04), and
lower social support scores (p < 0.0001) than nonspouse
caregivers (N = 40, 40%). The PPUN predicted caregiver burden
and the presence of caregiver unmet needs independently. The presence
of caregiver unmet needs was the only independent predictor of
caregiver satisfaction. Caregivers with a high PPUN and higher
depression score experienced a higher burden.Significance of the research: The caregiver outcome model is
proposed and needs to be further validated in a new cohort of
caregivers.
Assessment of thunderstorm neutron radiation environment at altitudes of aviation flights
Authors: Drozdov A. , Grigoriev A. , Malyshkin Y. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHigh‐energy radiation emitted from thunderclouds supposes generation of neutrons in photonuclear reactions of the gamma photons with air. This observation is supported by registration of neutrons during thunderstorm activity in a number of experiments, most of which established correlation with lightning. In this work we perform a modeling of the neutron generation and propagation processes at low atmospheric altitudes using current knowledge of the TGF source properties. On this basis we obtain dosimetric maps of thunderstorm neutron radiation and investigate possible radiation threat for aircraft flights. We estimate the maximal effective neutron dose that potentially can be received on board an aircraft in close proximity to the gamma source, to be of the order of 0.54 mSv over a time less than 0.1 s. This dose is considerably less than estimations obtained earlier for the associated electron and gamma radiation; nevertheless, this value is quite large by itself and under some circumstances the neutron component seems to be the most important for the dosimetric effect. Due to wide distribution in space, the thunderstorm neutrons are thought to also provide a convenient means for experimental investigation of gamma emissions from thunderclouds. To register neutrons from powerful gamma flashes that occur at the tops of thunderclouds, however, in the most favorable case one has to take a location above the 2 km level that is appropriate to mountains or aircraft facilities.
Excitation of electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves under different geomagnetic activities: THEMIS observation and modeling
Authors: Zhou Qinghua , Xiao Fuliang , Shi Jiankui , Yang Chang , He Yihua , Tang Lijun 
Published: December 2012

AbstractUnderstanding excitation of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves remains a considerable scientific challenge in the magnetospheric physics. Here we adopt correlated data from the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) spacecraft under low (Kp = 1+) and medium (Kp = 4) geomagnetic activities to investigate the favorable conditions for the excitation of EMIC waves. We utilize a sum of bi‐Maxwellian components and kappa components to fit the observed ion (6–25 keV) distributions collected by the electrostatic analyzer (ESA) onboard the THEMIS spacecraft. We show that the kappa distribution models better and more smoothly with the observations. Then we evaluate the local growth rate and path‐integrated gain of EMIC waves by bi‐Maxwellian and kappa distributions, respectively. We demonstrate that the path‐integrated wave gain simulated from the kappa distribution is consistent with observations, with intensities 24 dB in H+ band and 33 dB in He+ band. However, bi‐Maxwellian distribution tends to overestimate the wave growth rate and path‐integrated gain, with intensities 49 dB in H+ band and 48 dB in He+ band. Moreover, compared to the He+ band, a higher proton anisotropy is needed to excite the H+ band waves. The current study presents a further observational support for the understanding of EMIC wave instability under different geomagnetic conditions and suggests that the kappa‐type distributions representative of the power law spectra are probably ubiquitous in space plasmas.