bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth of large diameter ZnTe single crystals by the double crucible liquid encapsulated pulling method
Authors: Asahi Toshiaki , Sato Kenji 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn our work, large diameter ZnTe single crystals were grown by various melt growth methods. By a liquid encapsulated vertical gradient freezing method, crystals with large grains and low dislocation density were obtained. By a liquid encapsulated Kyropoulos method, 80 mm diameter crystals were successfully grown from ZnTe seed crystals. However, crystals grown by the both methods had large strain and cracks owing to difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between an encapsulant and ZnTe. Therefore, a new crystal growth method was developed. Two crucibles were used in the new method. It was named double crucible liquid encapsulated pulling method. Crystals up to 100 mm in diameter and 40 mm in length were reproducibly obtained. Both <100> and <110> crystals were successfully grown. The etch pit density of the grown crystal was lower than 10,000 cm–2 and any large strain or cracks were not observed. In order to reduce Te inclusions, wafer annealing was examined. Most Te inclusions were eliminated with suitable Zn pressure and annealing temperature. Optical transparency of the ZnTe crystal increased after annealing. This is because scatter of the incident light by Te inclusions decreased. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Application of solar cell using II‐III‐VI compound thin film fabricated by conventional sputtering process
Authors: Deguchi H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn order to achieve low cost solar cells, a novel type multinary compound thin film solar cell using ZnInS (II‐III‐VI) thin film as n‐type layer and other layer fabricated by the conventional sputtering process were realized. An AgInTe/ZnInS thin film solar cell fabricated by the conventional sputtering process showed the conversion efficiency is 1.1%. In this study, p‐type materials suitable for ZnInS and doping ZnInS with additive elements such as IIa (Ca,Sr) and VIb (O) group elements were investigated to improve the characteristics of ZnInS thin film solar cell. As the results, the best conversion efficiency of 2.8% was obtained CuInGaSe/CaZnInS thin film solar cell. This value is superior to that of AgInTe/ZnInS thin film solar cell by 2.5 times. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification of recombination centers responsible for reduction of energy conversion efficiency in CdTe‐based solar cells
Authors: Karczewski G. , Chusnutdinow S. , Olender K. , Wosiński T. , Wojtowicz T. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this work we discuss experimental data which can explain reasons for the limited energy conversion efficiencies observed in monocrystalline, thin‐film CdTe‐based solar cells grown molecular beam epitaxy. Two kinds of samples has been investigated and discussed – p‐ and n‐type doped CdTe layers with metallic Schottky barriers and p‐i‐n heterojunctions (p‐ZnTe/i‐CdTe/n‐CdTe solar cells). Both kinds of junctions exhibit strong rectifying properties with the rectifying coefficient exceeding 105 at 300 K and +/– 1 V. Photovoltaic properties of the solar cells have been determined by I–V measurements under illumination and by spectral characteristics of photocurrent. Based on the spectral measurements it was found that the p‐ZnTe/i‐CdTe/n‐CdTe diodes are sensitive to illumination within the 550–850 nm wavelength range confirming their applicability for solar energy conversion. I–V characteristics measured at 1‐sun illumination yield relatively low energy conversion efficiencies below 4.9%. In order to determine the origin of the limited efficiency in the CdTe‐based solar cells (theoretical limit for n‐CdTe/p‐ZnTe solar cells is as high as 20%) the deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) technique has been applied. The results of these DLTS studies revealed the presence of deep electron and hole traps. The low‐temperature DLTS peaks can be ascribed to the hole traps in the CdTe absorber. The high‐temperature DLTS peak changes its sign depending on the sign of the filling pulses acting as a majority trap for negative filling pulses and minority trap for positive filling pulses. The estimated activation energies of the majority‐ and minority trap level are equal to 0.74–0.78 eV and 1.05 eV, respectively. The sum of these energies is close to the value of the CdTe energy gap, suggesting that this energy level can be assigned to the recombination center present in the CdTe absorber material. Basing on the logarithmic capture kinetics of the traps detected in the high‐temperature region we assign the recombination center to electronic states of extended defects, probably threading dislocations. Very similar DLTS results obtained for CdTe Schottky barriers confirm the conclusion. Thus, we conclude that not the point defects but rather extended defect are responsible for the limited energy conversion efficiency in CdTe‐based solar cells.
Nonreciprocal magneto‐optical effects in quantum wells
Authors: Kochereshko V. , Kats V. , Platonov A. , Sapega V. , Besombes L. , Wolverson D. , Mariette H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this paper we predicted and observed a new magneto‐optical effect – the “effect of parity”. The effect is manifest as a redistribution of the oscillator strengths between spatially even and odd center of mass quantized states of the exciton in the quantum well. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of acceptor co‐doping on magnetism and electronic states in ferromagnetic semiconductor (Zn,Cr)Te
Authors: Zhang Ke , Akiyama Ryota , Kanazawa Ken , Kuroda Shinji , Ofuchi Hironori 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe magnetic properties and the electronic states were investigated for a magnetic semiconductor (Zn,Cr)Te co‐doped nitrogen (N) as an acceptor impurity. A series of N‐doped Zn1–xCrxTe thin films with Cr compositions in the range of x = 0.06–0.09 and N concentrations in the range of [N] = 1018–1020 cm–3 were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), and the magnetization measurement using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer and the X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements were performed. As a result, the disappearance of ferromagnetic behaviors and the change in X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra were observed at almost the same nitrogen concentration around [N] = 1 × 1020 cm–3. This correlated change in the magnetic properteis and the Cr electronic states was discussed in relation to a decrease of the electron density in the 3d impurity level due to the N co‐doping. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Further insights into diastolic dysfunction in first‐trimester trisomy‐21 fetuses
Authors: Mula R. , Grande M. , Bennasar M. , Crispi F. , Borobio V. , Martinez J. M. , Gratacos E. , Borrell A. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess fetal cardiac function in first‐trimester trisomy‐21 fetuses as compared with fetuses with other aneuploidies, euploid fetuses with cardiac defects or isolated increased nuchal translucency (NT) and controls.MethodsDuring a 2.5‐year period, NT, ductus venosus (DV) blood flow, diastolic filling time, early filling time, tricuspid flow, tricuspid and mitral valve E/A velocity ratios, left ventricle shortening fraction, left myocardial performance index and fetal heart rate were assessed in fetuses with a crown–rump length between 45 and 84 mm undergoing chorionic villus sampling at our center. Cardiac parameters among study groups were compared with the use of 95% CIs.ResultsThe study population comprised 28 fetuses with trisomy 21, 25 with other aneuploidies, 94 euploid fetuses with abnormal findings (27 with cardiac defects, 31 with other structural anomalies and 36 with isolated increased NT) and 271 controls. Trisomy‐21 fetuses showed signs of diastolic dysfunction such as increased DV pulsatility index and E/A ratios together with a higher prevalence of tricuspid regurgitation. However, no differences were found in euploid fetuses with cardiac defects or isolated increased NT.ConclusionsNo signs of cardiac dysfunction were observed in euploid fetuses with increased NT or cardiac defects, while in trisomy‐21 fetuses signs of diastolic dysfunction could be potentially attributed to volume overload. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
tRNA synthetase: tRNA aminoacylation and beyond
Authors: Pang Yan Ling Joy , Poruri Kiranmai , Martinis Susan A. 
Published: April 2014

The aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases are prominently known for their classic function in the first step of protein synthesis, where they bear the responsibility of setting the genetic code. Each enzyme is exquisitely adapted to covalently link a single standard amino acid to its cognate set of tRNA isoacceptors. These ancient enzymes have evolved idiosyncratically to host alternate activities that go far beyond their aminoacylation role and impact a wide range of other metabolic pathways and cell signaling processes. The family of aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases has also been suggested as a remarkable scaffold to incorporate new domains that would drive evolution and the emergence of new organisms with more complex function. Because they are essential, the tRNA synthetases have served as pharmaceutical targets for drug and antibiotic development. The recent unfolding of novel important functions for this family of proteins offers new and promising pathways for therapeutic development to treat diverse human diseases. WIREs RNA 2014, 5:461–480. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1224This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
Translation > Translation Mechanisms
RNA Processing > tRNA Processing
Criteria for determining breeding‐pair status of male mallards captured in decoy traps
Authors: Brasher Michael G. , Davis J. Brian , Kaminski Matthew R. , Emery Robert B. , Kaminski Richard M. , Baldassarre Guy A. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTMethods for accurately determining pair status of male ducks during the breeding season are necessary for further understanding the roles of paired and unpaired males in waterfowl breeding populations. Previous studies assigned pair status based on behavioral observations of randomly captured and marked birds, but this method limits control over sample sizes of paired and unpaired individuals. We evaluated 8 criteria for determining breeding‐pair status (i.e., paired, unpaired) of male mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) based on scenarios of capture in decoy traps during late March–early April in Prairie‐Parkland Canada and central New York, USA. Of the 51 males we classified as paired across 3 study sites and years, we confirmed from repeated visual observations that 46 (90%) were indeed paired. All 36 males classified as unpaired were subsequently confirmed to be unpaired. The predicted overall probability of correctly assigning pair status to captured males was 93.7% (95% CI = 86.8–97.3%). These criteria provide an effective yet simple technique to identify pair status of male mallards captured in decoy traps and should enable more efficient use of time and logistical resources in studies requiring samples of paired and unpaired male ducks. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Heterocyclic‐2‐thione Derivatives of Silver(I): The Methyl Substituent at N1atom of a Imidazoline‐2‐thione/Imidazolidine‐2‐thione Alters a Dimer [Ag2(HL)4(PPh3)2](NO3)2 into a Monomer [Ag(HL)2(PPh3)](NO3)
Authors: Lobana Tarlok S. , Sultana Razia , Butcher Ray J. , Jasinski Jerry P. , Akitsu Takashiro 
Published: April 2014

AbstractReactions of silver(I) nitrate with 1,3‐imidazolidine‐2‐thiones (LI‐NH, LI‐NMe), 1,3‐imidazoline‐2‐thiones (LII‐NH, LII‐NMe), and that of silver(I) acetate with thiazolidine‐2‐thione (LIII‐NH), or benz‐imidazoline‐2‐thione (LIV‐NH) and triphenylphosphine (PPh3) as co‐ligand (1:2:2 molar ratios) in acetonitrile, acetonitrile‐methanol, or acetonitrile‐acetone mixtures have yielded mono‐ and dinuclear complexes of stoichiometry: [Ag2{µ‐(LI‐NH‐S)}2(LI‐NH‐S)2(PPh3)2](NO3)2·2CH3OH (1), [Ag(LI‐NMe‐S)2(PPh3)](NO3) (2), [Ag2{µ‐(LII‐NH‐S)}2(LII‐NH‐S)2(PPh3)2](NO3)2·2CH3OH (3), [Ag(LII‐NMe‐S)2(PPh3)](NO3) (4), [Ag(LIII‐NH‐S)(LIII‐N‐S)(PPh3)2] (5), and [Ag(LIV‐NH‐S)2(PPh3)2](OAc)·H2O (6). In complex 5, one thio ligand is anionic (LIII‐N–), whereas all other complexes have neutral thio ligands bonded to AgI ion. The complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, IR, 1H and 31P NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X‐ray crystallography. It is interesting to note that LI‐NH and LII‐NH ligands formed dinuclear complexes 1 and 3 with four‐coordination around each metal center, whereas the presence of a methyl group at one nitrogen atom (i.e. LI‐NMe and LII‐NMe) yielded mononuclear complexes 2 and 4 with three‐coordination around each metal center. The ligands LIII‐NH and LIV‐NH behaved differently.
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of macroreentrant ventricular tachycardia after corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Chinushi Masaomi , Saitou Osamu , Furushima Hiroshi 
Published: April 2014

AbstractVentricular tachycardia (VT) may occur in patients after corrective surgery for tetralogy of Fallot (ToF), and this can be a cause of sudden cardiac death. Macroreentrant VT is a unique mechanism in these patients, although other mechanisms are involved in VT development. Owing to advances in electrophysiological knowledge and medical technology, macroreentrant VT after corrective surgery for ToF can be treated by catheter ablation. In the macroreentrant circuit of VT, several critical isthmuses (types 1–4) could be included, and these are supported by anatomical obstacles and operative interventions in the right ventricle. Linear radiofrequency (RF) application through the critical isthmus can terminate and prevent the recurrence of macroreentrant VT. Among the critical isthmuses, the type 1 isthmus (between the right ventricular outflow scar and tricuspid annulus) is the most common, but compared with the other types of isthmuses, it is longer so and has a thicker myocardium. Therefore, higher‐energy RF application using irrigation and/or large‐tip ablation catheters is usually required to complete the linear conduction block. Since other isthmuses may simultaneously work as critical components of the macroreentrant circuit, detailed mapping is encouraged before starting RF application in the type 1 isthmus. Since long‐term evidence of the effectiveness of catheter ablation for VT in patients after ToF repair is limited, hybrid treatment with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) would be a reasonable strategy for secondary prevention of cardiac events, such as that in patients with other underlying heart diseases. Indications of electrophysiological study, catheter ablation, and/or ICD therapy for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death should be further examined in high‐risk patients after ToF repair.
Turbulent drag reduction through oscillating discs
Authors: Wise Daniel J. , Ricco Pierre 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe changes in a turbulent channel flow subjected to sinusoidal oscillations of wall flush-mounted rigid discs are studied by means of direct numerical simulations (DNS). The Reynolds number is ${Re}_{\tau }=180$, based on the friction velocity of the stationary-wall case and the half-channel height. The primary effect of the wall forcing is the sustained reduction of wall-shear stress, which reaches a maximum of 20 %. A parametric study on the disc diameter, maximum tip velocity, and oscillation period is presented, with the aim of identifying the optimal parameters which guarantee maximum drag reduction and maximum net energy saving, the latter computed by taking into account the power spent to actuate the discs. This may be positive and reaches 6 %. The Rosenblat viscous pump flow, namely the laminar flow induced by sinusoidal in-plane oscillations of an infinite disc beneath a quiescent fluid, is used to predict accurately the power spent for disc motion in the fully developed turbulent channel flow case and to estimate localized and transient regions over the disc surface subjected to the turbulent regenerative braking effect, for which the wall turbulence exerts work on the discs. The Fukagata–Iwamoto–Kasagi identity is employed effectively to show that the wall-friction reduction is due to two distinguished effects. One effect is linked to the direct shearing action of the near-wall oscillating-disc boundary layer on the wall turbulence, which causes the attenuation of the turbulent Reynolds stresses. The other effect is due to the additional disc-flow Reynolds stresses produced by the streamwise-elongated structures which form between discs and modulate slowly in time. The contribution to drag reduction due to turbulent Reynolds stress attenuation depends on the penetration thickness of the disc-flow boundary layer, while the contribution due to the elongated structures scales linearly with a simple function of the maximum tip velocity and oscillation period for the largest disc diameter tested, a result suggested by the Rosenblat flow solution. A brief discussion on the future applicability of the oscillating-disc technique is also presented.
Heat shock suppresses mating and sperm transfer in the rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis
Authors: Liao H.J. , Qian Q. , Liu X.D. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractTemperature is a key environmental factor in determining the population size of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in summer. High temperatures inhibit survival, development and fecundity of this insect. However, biological responses of female and male adults to heat shock, and physiological mechanism of high temperature suppressing population development are still ambiguous. We experimentally tested the impact of heat shock (5 h day−1) on biological traits, spermatogenesis and sperm transfer of adults of C. medinalis. The result showed that heat exposure to 39 and 40 °C for 5 h reduced longevity and copulation frequency of adults, and hatchability of eggs. Immediate survival rate of males was lower than that of females after 3 days of exposure to 41 °C. The oviposition period, copulation frequency, fecundity of adults and hatchability of eggs were significantly lower when male adults were exposed to 40 or 41 °C for 3 days. Heat shock decreased frequency and success rate of mating when males were exposed, and it also resulted in postponement of mating behaviour and prolongation of mating duration as both the female and male adults were exposed. Heat shock did not affect spermatogenesis, but significantly inhibited sperms maturation. Moreover, males could not ejaculate sperm into females during copulation when these male moths received heat shock. Heat shock remarkably suppressed mating behaviour and sperm transfer, which led to a dramatic decline of rice leaf folder populations.
Contrasting perceptions of ecosystem services of an African forest park
Authors: HARTTER JOEL , SOLOMON JENNIFER , RYAN SADIE J. , JACOBSON SUSAN K. , GOLDMAN ABE 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYTraditionally, conservation programmes assume that local peoples’ support for parks depends on receiving material benefits from foreign exchange, tourism, development and employment. However, in the case of forest parks in Africa, where annual visitation can be small, local support may instead result from ecosystem services. Kibale National Park, a forest park in Uganda, demonstrates that people appreciate parks in ways that are seldom cited nor explored. Public perceptions of benefits accrued from Kibale were explored using two different sampling techniques: a community census and a geographic sample. In both surveys, over 50% of respondents perceived benefits provided by Kibale National Park, and over 90% of those who perceived benefits identified ecosystem services, whereas material benefits were cited less frequently. Multimodel selection on a suite of general linear models for the two different sampling methods provided a comparison of factors influencing perceptions of ecosystem services. Perceptions of Park benefits were influenced by geography, household and respondent characteristics, and perception of negative impacts from the Park. Perceived ecosystem benefits played an important role in the way the Park was viewed and valued locally. Parks have considerable impacts on neighbouring communities, and their long-term political and economic sustainability depends on managing these relationships well. Since local people have the most to gain or lose by conserving neighbouring parks, analyses that incorporate the perceptions of local people are essential to management and sustainability of park landscapes.
Systematic detection and association ofEntamoebaspecies in stool samples from selected sites in India
Authors: NATH J. , BANYAL N. , GAUTAM D. S. , GHOSH S. K. , SINGHA B. , PAUL J. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYThis study developed a fast and high throughput dot-blot technique to evaluate the presence ofEntamoebain stool samples (n = 643) followed by a PCR-based method to validate and differentiate the two speciesE. histolyticaandE. dispar. The prevalence rate of the parasite has been detected in a cross-sectional study carried out in the population of the Eastern and Northern parts of India. Of the various demographic features, prevalence was highest in the monsoon season (P = 0·017), in the <15 years age group (P = 0·015). In HIV-positive individuals, the prevalence rate was significantly high (P = 0·008) in patients with a CD4 cell count <200 as well as in patients without antiretroviral therapy (ART) (P = 0·011). Our analysis further confirmed that risk factors such as toilet facilities, living conditions, hygienic practices, drinking water source, occupation and level of education are important predictors as they were found to contribute significantly in the prevalence of the parasite.
Recanalisation of the left superior caval vein after Fontan procedure: not so rare complication: possibilities of percutaneous closure using various devices
Authors: Kusa Jacek , Szydlowski Leslaw , Nowakowska Ewa , Skierska Agnieszka 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAim: Evaluation of possibilities of percutaneous closure of recanalised left superior caval vein after total cavopulmonary connection.Methods and Results: We analysed 19 patients after total cavopulmonary connection catheterised because of a sudden increase of desaturation. In four of them, the recanalisation of the left superior caval vein was identified. For this reason, the balloon occlusion tests of the veins were made temporarily. In all cases, the haemodynamic status of patients did not change, and arterial oxygen saturation increased significantly. Thus, using different types of implants, these veins were closed effectively in all patients. During the short-term follow-up, the effectiveness of treatments and constantly maintaining a high level of saturation were confirmed.Conclusions: Meticulous investigation of unclear causes of desaturation in cyanotic patients after Fontan completion is necessary. Almost all causes of desaturation, including recanalised additional left superior caval vein, can be effectively treated percutaneously.
Severe coarctation of the aorta in a 900 g donor of twin–twin transfusion newborn with successful repeated transcatheter angioplasty: a case report
Authors: Al-Ammouri Iyad , Jaradat Saba , Radwan Jinan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe present a case of severe aortic coarctation in a donor of twin–twin transfusion syndrome. Patients underwent two angioplasty procedures at age 7 and 47 days, weighing 900 and 1500 g, respectively. Umbilical artery approach was used in the first procedure, and femoral artery approach was used in the second. Follow-up at the age of 13 months showed no recurrence of coarctation.