bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of thermal refugia near equatorial range limits
Authors: Lima Fernando P. , Gomes Filipa , Seabra Rui , Wethey David S. , Seabra Maria I. , Cruz Teresa , Santos António M. , Hilbish Thomas J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study examines the importance of thermal refugia along the majority of the geographical range of a key intertidal species (Patella vulgata Linnaeus, 1758) on the Atlantic coast of Europe. We asked whether differences between sun‐exposed and shaded microhabitats were responsible for differences in physiological stress and ecological performance and examined the availability of refugia near equatorial range limits. Thermal differences between sun‐exposed and shaded microhabitats are consistently associated with differences in physiological performance, and the frequency of occurrence of high temperatures is most probably limiting the maximum population densities supported at any given place. Topographical complexity provides thermal refugia throughout most of the distribution range, although towards the equatorial edges the magnitude of the amelioration provided by shaded microhabitats is largely reduced. Importantly, the limiting effects of temperature, rather than being related to latitude, seem to be tightly associated with microsite variability, which therefore is likely to have profound effects on the way local populations (and consequently species) respond to climatic changes.
Progression through Academic Ranks: A Longitudinal Examination of Internal Promotion Drivers
Authors: Dobele Angela R. , Rundle‐Theile Sharyn 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe last 20 years have brought major workload changes for academics globally, with the feeling that an academic in today's global higher education industry has three full‐time jobs (research, teaching and service). Following recent Government reforms, the Australian higher education sector has been forced to redefine itself in a more commercial context. The need to research workloads over time is recommended owing to changes as a result of growth, internationalisation and increasing competition. This longitudinal study comprises 5 years of observable teaching and research workloads capturing the teaching and research output of more than 85 individuals in two Australian university business faculties. Our results reinforce the axiom ‘publish or perish’ as it is the number of research papers published which increases the chances of internal promotion. Other observed workload characteristics, number of courses taught, number of students, research income and the number of research grants awarded, did not increase the likelihood of internal promotion. Suggestions for policy reforms and further research are identified.
Clinicopathological analysis of programmed cell death 1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in the tumour microenvironments of diffuse large B cell lymphomas
Authors: Kwon Dohee , Kim Sehui , Kim Pil‐Jong , Go Heounjeong , Nam Soo Jeong , Paik Jin Ho , Kim Young A , Kim Tae Min , Heo Dae Seog , Kim Chul Woo , Jeon Yoon Kyung 
Published: October 2015

AimsTo investigate the clinicopathological characteristics of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) and programmed cell death 1 (PD‐1) expression in the tumour microenvironments of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods and resultsTumour tissues from 126 DLBCL patients were immunostained for PD‐L1 and PD‐1. The expression of PD‐L1 by tumour cells and/or tumour‐infiltrating immune cells (mainly macrophages) was evaluated, and the number of tumour‐infiltrating PD‐1+ cells was assessed. PD‐L1 expression in tumour cells was observed in 61.1% of DLBCLs, with a weak intensity in 29.4%, moderate intensity in 21.4% and strong intensity in 10.3% of cases. Strong PD‐L1 expression in tumour cells was associated significantly with the presence of B symptoms (adjusted P = 0.005) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection (adjusted P = 0.015), and tended to be higher in activated B cell‐like immunophenotype (16.7%) than germinal centre B cell‐like immunophenotype (2.5%) (adjusted P = 0.271). DLBCLs with PD‐L1 expression in tumour cells/macrophages showed similar clinicopathological characteristics. The quantity of PD‐1+ tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes correlated positively with the level of PD‐L1 expression in tumour cells (P = 0.042) or in tumour cells/macrophages (P = 0.03). Increased infiltration of PD‐1+ cells was associated with prolonged progression‐free survival (P = 0.005) and overall survival (P = 0.026) in DLBCL patients treated with rituximab‐cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone (R‐CHOP), whereas PD‐L1 expression had no prognostic significance.ConclusionsPD‐L1 and PD‐1 were expressed variably in DLBCLs by tumour cells and tumour‐infiltrating immune cells and might be potential therapeutic targets using PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade.
MYC/BCL6 double‐hit lymphoma (DHL): a tumour associated with an aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis
Authors: Li Shaoying , Desai Parth , Lin Pei , Yin C Cameron , Tang Guilin , Wang Xuan J , Konoplev Sergej N , Khoury Joseph D , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos E , Medeiros L Jeffrey 
Published: October 2015

AimsLarge B cell lymphomas with MYC and BCL6/3q27 rearrangements, designated MYC/BCL6 DHL, are uncommon. Our aim was to better characterize this group of tumours.Methods and resultsWe studied the clinicopathological features and outcome of 13 patients with MYC/BCL6 DHL and compared this group to a group of 83 MYC/BCL2 DHL patients. There were eight men and five women, with a median age of 63 years. Eleven tumours were classified as diffuse large B cell lymphomas (DLBCL) and two were B cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between DLBCL and Burkitt lymphoma (BCLU). Immunohistochemical analysis showed that these tumours were positive for BCL6 (100%), BCL2 (eight of 10; 80%) and CD10 (eight of 10; 80%). Nine of 12 (75%) cases had a germinal centre B cell (GCB) immunophenotype; in one case data were incomplete. All patients were treated with chemotherapy. The clinicopathological features of MYC/BCL6 DHL were similar to MYC/BCL2 DHL, except that MYC/BCL6 DHL had a GCB immunophenotype less often. Patients with MYC/BCL6 DHL had a poor overall survival, similar to patients with MYC/BCL2 DHL (P = 0.32).ConclusionsMYC/BCL6 DHL is an aggressive B cell lymphoma and patients often have an aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis, similar to patients with MYC/BCL2 DHL.
FoxP3‐positive T cell lymphoma arising in non‐HTLV1 carrier: clinicopathological analysis of 11 cases of PTCL‐NOS and 2 cases of mycosis fungoides
Authors: Satou Akira , Asano Naoko , Kato Seiichi , Katsuya Hiroo , Ishitsuka Kenji , Elsayed Ahmed A , Nakamura Shigeo 
Published: October 2015

AimsForkhead box protein 3‐positive (FoxP3+) T cell lymphoma, in the absence of human T cell lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) infection, is rare and its clinicopathological characteristics still remain unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate its characteristics.Methods and resultsWe describe here 11 cases of peripheral T cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL‐NOS) and two cases of mycosis fingoides (MF) which were positive for FoxP3. The median age of the 11 PTCL‐NOS cases was 65 years (range: 48–80 years), and all the patients were male. Eight patients (80%) showed stages III/IV disease, and six (60%) were categorized as high–intermediate/high‐risk groups according to the International Prognostic Index. Two cases of MF were 57‐ and 59‐year‐old males. Both cases were categorized as stage IA, according to International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas/European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (ISCL/EORTC) classification. Immunohistochemically, all the cases were negative for cytotoxic molecule marker, and nine (75%) were αβ T cell type. Scattered Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐infected cells were detected in four cases of PTCL‐NOS, implying the reactivation of EBV caused by the immunodeficient status of the patients.ConclusionsFoxP3+ PTCL‐NOS constitute a minor phenotypical subtype with poor prognosis and EBV reactivation in some. Conversely, two cases of MF showed an indolent clinical course which was different from previously reported cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) cases.
Prevalence of oesophageal epidermoid metaplasia in 1048 consecutive patients and 58 patients with squamous neoplasms
Authors: Cottreau Jonathan , Gruchy Steven , Kamionek Michal , Lauwers Gregory Y , Arnason Thomas 
Published: October 2015

AimsOesophageal epidermoid metaplasia is defined by a dense granular layer with overlying hyperorthokeratosis, resembling the epidermis of skin. A possible association between epidermoid metaplasia, squamous dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma has been proposed. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of epidermoid metaplasia in patients with oesophageal squamous neoplasms with that in a control cohort.Methods and resultsMedical records and slides from 1048 consecutive oesophageal biopsies and resections for any indication and 58 patients with oesophageal squamous neoplasms were reviewed. Two cases (0.19%) of epidermoid metaplasia were identified in the 1048‐patient control group. The prevalence of epidermoid metaplasia was significantly higher (P< 0.05) in the 58 patients with oesophageal squamous neoplasms, two of whom (3.5%) had concurrent epidermoid metaplasia (odds ratio 18.1, 95% confidence interval 2.5–131). One case was associated with a verrucous carcinoma and the other with a well‐differentiated, superficial (pT1), exophytic squamous cell carcinoma. No patients had epidermoid metaplasia in a biopsy prior to the diagnosis of squamous neoplasia.ConclusionsThe increased prevalence of epidermoid metaplasia observed in patients with squamous neoplasms provides some additional support for the proposed association. The hypothesis that epidermoid metaplasia is a precursor to squamous neoplasms remains unproven.
Influence of therapeutic cancer radiation on the bond strength of an epoxy‐ or an MTA‐based sealer to root dentine
Authors: Martins C. V. , Leoni G. B. , Oliveira H. F. , Arid J. , Queiroz A. M. , Silva L. A. B. , Sousa‐Neto M. D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of radiation on root canal sealer push‐out bond strength to dentine and sealer/dentine interface in teeth filled with AH Plus (Dentsply Ind. Com. Ltda, Petrópolis, RJ, Brazil) and MTA Fillapex (Angelus Ind. Prod. Odontológicos S/A, Londrina, PR, Brazil).MethodologyThirty‐two maxillary canines were selected and randomly assigned to 2 groups (n = 16): one group was not irradiated, and the other was subjected to a cumulative radiation dose of 60 Gy. Root canals were prepared with the Reciproc system (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany), and each group was divided into 2 subgroups (n = 8) according to the sealer – AH Plus or MTA Fillapex – using the single‐cone filling technique. Then, 1‐mm‐thick dentine slices were obtained from each root third for the push‐out test to evaluate sealer bond strength to dentine and for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the sealer/dentine interface. Failure mode after debonding was determined with a stereomicroscope at ×25 magnification. Bond strength data were analysed by two‐way anova with a split‐plot design and post hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05).ResultsSignificantly lower bond strength (P < 0.0001) was obtained after irradiation (0.71 ± 0.20 versus 0.97 ± 0.29 MPa) and in specimens filled with MTA Fillapex (0.70 ± 0.18 MPa) compared with AH Plus (1.00 ± 0.27 MPa). Percentage of adhesive failures increased after radiation in all root thirds in the teeth filled with AH Plus. SEM revealed more gap‐containing regions and fewer tags at the sealer/dentine interface in irradiated specimens, with more tag formation and fewer gaps with AH Plus sealer.ConclusionsRadiation was associated with a decrease in the push‐out bond strength of sealers to intraradicular dentine and formation of more gaps and fewer tags at the sealer/dentine interface regardless of the sealer.
Mechanical properties of ProTaper Gold nickel‐titanium rotary instruments
Authors: Elnaghy A. M. , Elsaka S. E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo evaluate and compare the resistance to cyclic fatigue and torsional stress, flexibility and surface microhardness of ProTaper Gold (PTG; Dentsply, Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK, USA) system with ProTaper Universal (PTU; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland).MethodologyPTG and PTU instruments were rotated in simulated canals and the number of cycles to failure was recorded to assess their cyclic fatigue resistance. Torsional strength was measured using a torsiometer after fixing firmly the apical 3 mm of the instrument. A scanning electron microscope was used to characterize the topographic features of the fracture surfaces of the broken instruments. The instruments were tested for bending resistance using cantilever‐bending test. Vickers microhardness was measured on the cross section of instruments with 300 g load and 15 s dwell time. Data were analysed statistically using independent t‐tests. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.ResultsPTG instruments had a significantly higher resistance to cyclic fatigue and flexibility than PTU (P < 0.001). The fractured cross‐sectional surfaces revealed typical features of cyclic fractures, including crack origins, fatigue zones and overload fast fracture zones. On the other hand, PTU instruments were associated with higher resistance to torsional stress and microhardness than PTG instruments (P < 0.001). After torsional tests, the fractured cross‐sectional surfaces revealed skewed dimples near the centre of the fracture surfaces and circular abrasion streaks.ConclusionsThe PTG instrument had improved resistance to cyclic fatigue and flexibility compared with PTU. PTU instruments had improved resistance to torsional stress and microhardness compared with PTG.
Establishment of a specific cell death induction system in Bombyx mori by a transgene with the conserved apoptotic regulator, mouse Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (mouse Bax)
Authors: Sumitani M. , Sakurai T. , Kasashima K. , Kobayashi S. , Uchino K. , Kanzaki R. , Tamura T. , Sezutsu H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe induction of apoptosis in vivo is a useful tool for investigating the functions and importance of particular tissues. B‐cell leukaemia/lymphoma 2‐associated X protein (Bax) functions as a pro‐apoptotic factor and induces apoptosis in several organisms. The Bax‐mediated apoptotic system is widely conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to humans. In order to establish a tissue‐specific cell death system in the domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori, we constructed a transgenic silkworm that overexpressed mouse Bax (mBax) in particular tissues by the Gal4‐upstream activation sequence system. We found that the expression of mBax induced specific cell death in the silk gland, fat body and sensory cells. Fragmentation of genomic DNA was observed in the fat body, which expressed mBax, thereby supporting apoptotic cell death in this tissue. Using this system, we also demonstrated that specific cell death in sensory cells attenuated the response to the sex pheromone bombykol. These results show that we successfully established a tissue‐specific cell death system in vivo that enabled specific deficiencies in particular tissues. The inducible cell death system may provide useful means for industrial applications of the silkworm and possible utilization for other species.
Direct costs of acute respiratory infections in a pediatric long‐term care facility
Authors: Murray Meghan T. , Heitkemper Elizabeth , Jackson Olivia , Neu Natalie , Stone Patricia , Cohen Bevin , Saiman Lisa , Hutcheon Gordon , Larson Elaine L. 
Published: October 2015

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) are a major burden in pediatric long‐term care. We analyzed the financial impact of ARI in 2012–2013. Costs associated with ARI during the respiratory viral season were ten times greater than during the non‐respiratory viral season, $31 224 and $3242 per 1000 patient‐days, respectively (P < 0·001). ARI are burdensome for pediatric long‐term care facilities not only because of the associated morbidity and mortality, but also due to the great financial costs of prevention.
Leaving school: a comparison of the worries held by adolescents with and without intellectual disabilities
Authors: Young R. , Dagnan D. , Jahoda A. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundLeaving school is an important time for adolescents, with increasing autonomy and developing adult identities. The present study sought to shed light on the content and emotional impact of worries amongst adolescents with and without intellectual disabilities (IDs) at this time of change.MethodsTwenty‐five adolescents with mild to moderate IDs and 27 adolescents without IDs, aged 15 to 18 years, took part in the study. Participants' worries were elicited using a structured interview. The levels of rumination and distress related to their most salient worries were also examined, along with their self‐reported levels of anxiety.ResultsContent analysis of the interviews identified differences between the worries of the two groups of participants, with the adolescents with IDs expressing more general worries about failure and personal threat. Level of distress about worries was positively correlated with anxiety in both groups. The adolescents with IDs were significantly more anxious than their non‐disabled peers.ConclusionsThe differences between the groups' worries may be linked to differences in life experience and expectations. Consideration should be given to the specific worries of adolescents at the stage of leaving school. Doing so may allow solutions for their concerns to be identified, thus easing distress and leading to a less stressful transition.
Children with PIMD in interaction with peers with PIMD or siblings
Authors: Nijs S. , Vlaskamp C. , Maes B. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe complex disabilities of children with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) impede their presentation of peer directed behaviours. Interactions with typically developing peers have been observed to be more frequent than those with peers with PIMD. The typically developing peers with whom people with PIMD have frequent contact are their siblings. In this study, the amount of peer directed behaviours was compared between an interaction with a sibling and an interaction with a peer with PIMD. In addition, the attention directing strategies of the siblings, and how these affect the presentation of peer directed behaviours, were examined.MethodThirteen children and young people with PIMD, who had a typically developing sibling, were identified. For each of these thirteen children, a peer with PIMD and a sibling were selected. The child with PIMD was observed together with a peer with PIMD and together with a sibling. In both conditions, video observations were conducted. A coding scheme for the peer directed behaviours of the children and young people with PIMD and a coding scheme for the attention directing behaviours of the siblings were used. Descriptive, comparative and sequential analyses were conducted.ResultsSignificantly, more peer directed behaviours of the children with PIMD were observed in the condition with the sibling (30.76%) compared with that of the condition with the peer with PIMD (13.73%). The siblings presented attention directing behaviours in 30% of the time; the most frequently used was nonverbal behaviour. When the siblings presented a combination of verbal and nonverbal attention directing behaviours, they elicited multiple peer directed behaviours in the children and young people with PIMD.ConclusionsPersons with PIMD interact more with their siblings compared with their peers with PIMD. Interacting with siblings may probably be more motivating and encouraging. Presenting a combination of verbal and nonverbal behaviours attracts more attention of the persons with PIMD.
Genetics of murine craniofacial morphology: diallel analysis of the eight founders of the Collaborative Cross
Authors: Percival Christopher J. , Liberton Denise K. , Pardo‐Manuel de Villena Fernando , Spritz Richard , Marcucio Ralph , Hallgrímsson Benedikt 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUsing eight inbred founder strains of the mouse Collaborative Cross (CC) project and their reciprocal F1 hybrids, we quantified variation in craniofacial morphology across mouse strains, explored genetic contributions to craniofacial variation that distinguish the founder strains, and tested whether specific or summary measures of craniofacial shape display stronger additive genetic contributions. This study thus provides critical information about phenotypic diversity among CC founder strains and about the genetic contributions to this phenotypic diversity, which is relevant to understanding the basis of variation in standard laboratory strains and natural populations. Craniofacial shape was quantified as a series of size‐adjusted linear dimensions (RDs) and by principal components (PC) analysis of morphological landmarks captured from computed tomography images from 62 of the 64 reciprocal crosses of the CC founder strains. We first identified aspects of skull morphology that vary between these phenotypically ‘normal’ founder strains and that are defining characteristics of these strains. We estimated the contributions of additive and various non‐additive genetic factors to phenotypic variation using diallel analyses of a subset of these strongly differing RDs and the first eight PCs of skull shape variation. We find little difference in the genetic contributions to RD measures and PC scores, suggesting fundamental similarities in the magnitude of genetic contributions to both specific and summary measures of craniofacial phenotypes. Our results indicate that there are stronger additive genetic effects associated with defining phenotypic characteristics of specific founder strains, suggesting these distinguishing measures are good candidates for use in genotype–phenotype association studies of CC mice. Our results add significantly to understanding of genotype–phenotype associations in the skull, which serve as a foundation for modeling the origins of medically and evolutionarily relevant variation.