bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The socio spatial substructure of the Australian city: how well does it explain house price?
Authors: Rossini Peter , Kupke Valerie 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to show how social and economic differentiation that has become a feature of Australian cities and the urban housing literature emphasises the value in understanding such differentiation as an explanation of housing demand.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using a consistent set of variables from the 2011 ABS Census of Housing and Population, this paper uses factor analysis to identify the socio spatial substructure of housing markets at suburb level for five mainland Australian cities.

Findings
– The relative importance of this socio substructure in explaining median house price is determined for each city. The paper also identifies where the socio spatial structure is mismatched against expected house price and an explanation is offered for these anomalies.

Originality/value
– The study is innovative in that it reveals, at suburb level, districts in each city where there is a marked divergence between the prices being paid for property and the socioeconomic makeup of the local community.
Priority of structural housing attribute preferences: identifying customer perception
Authors: Moghimi Vahid , Jusan Mahmud Bin Mohd 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to unveil how Johor Bahru resident’s conceptions are affected by various structural housing attributes. The determination of an appropriate combination of housing preferences requires a great deal of involvement to balance a complex interplay of factors. This is attributable to this fact that housing preferences involve multiple-criteria decision-making, as each element has its own perceived relative importance. Accordingly, this study examines the resident housing preferences of Johor Bahru located in southern Malaysia with specific emphasis on the priority of structural attributes of housing preferences.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using data collected through the theoretical and conceptual framework of non-structural fuzzy decision support system (NSFDSS) applied to facilitate the priority setting process.

Findings
– Priority lists of preferences for structural housing attributes showing the contribution of each factor within their respective level and not the contribution of that factor toward the overall housing preferences were established.

Practical implications
– By providing primary information about how potential buyers of a new house prioritize the different elements of a house design, the obtained results can make a useful contribution to the knowledge of individuals engaged in the housing development industry.

Originality/value
– While in examining consumers’ housing choice and preferences, most studies use the hedonic price framework studying the issue from several aspects, this is first study dedicated to establish a priority of housing attribute using NSFDSS.
Evidence for synergistic control of glutamate biosynthesis by glutamate dehydrogenases and glutamate in Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Stannek Lorena , Thiele Martin J. , Ischebeck Till , Gunka Katrin , Hammer Elke , Völker Uwe , Commichau Fabian M. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryIn the Gram‐positive bacterium, Bacillus subtilis glutamate is synthesized by the glutamine synthetase and the glutamate synthase (GOGAT). During growth with carbon sources that exert carbon catabolite repression, the rocG glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) gene is repressed and the transcription factor GltC activates the expression of the GOGAT encoding gltAB genes. In the presence of amino acids of the glutamate family, the GDH RocG is synthesized and the enzyme prevents GltC from binding to DNA. The dual control of glutamate biosynthesis allows the efficient utilization of the available nutrients. Here we provide genetic and biochemical evidence that, like RocG, also the paralogous GDH GudB can inhibit the transcription factor GltC, thereby controlling glutamate biosynthesis. Contradictory previous observations show that high level of GDH activity does not result in permanent inhibition of GltC. By controlling the intracellular levels of glutamate through feeding with exogenous arginine, we observed that the GDH‐dependent control of GltC and thus expression of the gltAB genes inversely correlates with the glutamate pool. These results suggest that the B. subtilis GDHs RocG and GudB in fact act as glutamate sensors. In conclusion, the GDH‐mediated control of glutamate biosynthesis seems to depend on the intracellular glutamate concentration.
Rheological Properties, Molecular Distribution, and Microstructure of Fortunella margarita (Lour.) Swingle Polysaccharides
Authors: Zeng Hongliang , Zhang Yi , Jian Yeye , Tian Yuting , Miao Song , Zheng Baodong 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFortunella margarita polysaccharides (FMPS) are one of the main bioactive components of F. margarita. The activity is related to their rheological properties and structure. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between rheological properties, molecular distribution, and microstructure of crude FMPS (C‐FMPS) and purified FMPS (P‐FMPS). The results showed that both of solutions were shear‐thinning pseudoplastic fluids with flow properties in line with the Power Law model. The pseudoplasticity of P‐FMPS was stronger compared to C‐FMPS. Additionally, the molecular weight and polydispersity of P‐FMPS were greater, whereas the molecular radius was less compared to C‐FMPS. The surface of C‐FMPS was rough and dense whereas P‐FMPS displayed a smooth network structure by environment scanning electron microscopy. According to confocal laser scanning microscopy, C‐FMPS dispersed in the medium without connected network, whereas the network of P‐FMPS was unevenly distributed in the medium and the shape was compact and smooth. The molecular distribution and microstructure of P‐FMPS were attributed to the purification process while rearrangement and aggregation of polysaccharide molecules took place, which resulted in the significant difference of rheological properties between C‐FMPS and P‐FMPS.
The Quantification of Representative Sequences pipeline for amplicon sequencing: case study on within‐population ITS1 sequence variation in a microparasite infecting Daphnia
Authors: González‐Tortuero E. , Rusek J. , Petrusek A. , Gießler S. , Lyras D. , Grath S. , Castro‐Monzón F. , Wolinska J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractNext generation sequencing (NGS) platforms are replacing traditional molecular biology protocols like cloning and Sanger sequencing. However, accuracy of NGS platforms has rarely been measured when quantifying relative frequencies of genotypes or taxa within populations. Here we developed a new bioinformatic pipeline (QRS) that pools similar sequence variants and estimates their frequencies in NGS data sets from populations or communities. We tested whether the estimated frequency of representative sequences, generated by 454 amplicon sequencing, differs significantly from that obtained by Sanger sequencing of cloned PCR products. This was performed by analysing sequence variation of the highly variable first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) of the ichthyosporean Caullerya mesnili, a microparasite of cladocerans of the genus Daphnia. This analysis also serves as a case example of the usage of this pipeline to study within‐population variation. Additionally, a public Illumina data set was used to validate the pipeline on community‐level data. Overall, there was a good correspondence in absolute frequencies of C. mesnili ITS1 sequences obtained from Sanger and 454 platforms. Furthermore, analyses of molecular variance (amova) revealed that population structure of C. mesnili differs across lakes and years independently of the sequencing platform. Our results support not only the usefulness of amplicon sequencing data for studies of within‐population structure but also the successful application of the QRS pipeline on Illumina‐generated data. The QRS pipeline is freely available together with its documentation under GNU Public Licence version 3 at http://code.google.com/p/quantification-representative-sequences.
A new method for resolving uncertainty of energy requirements in large water breathers: the ‘mega‐flume’ seagoing swim‐tunnel respirometer
Authors: Payne Nicholas L. , Snelling Edward P. , Fitzpatrick Richard , Seymour Jamie , Courtney Robert , Barnett Adam , Watanabe Yuuki Y. , Sims David W. , Squire Lyle , Semmens Jayson M. 
Published: February 2015

Summary

Body size is a key determinant of metabolic rate, but logistical constraints have led to a paucity of energetics measurements from large water‐breathing animals. As a result, estimating energy requirements of large fish generally relies on extrapolation of metabolic rate from individuals of lower body mass using allometric relationships that are notoriously variable. Swim‐tunnel respirometry is the ‘gold standard’ for measuring active metabolic rates in water‐breathing animals, yet previous data are entirely derived from body masses <10 kg – at least one order of magnitude lower than the body masses of many top‐order marine predators.

Here, we describe the design and testing of a new method for measuring metabolic rates of large water‐breathing animals: a c. 26 000 L seagoing ‘mega‐flume’ swim‐tunnel respirometer. We measured the swimming metabolic rate of a 2·1‐m, 36‐kg zebra shark Stegostoma fasciatum within this new mega‐flume and compared the results to data we collected from other S. fasciatum (3·8–47·7 kg body mass) swimming in static respirometers and previously published measurements of active metabolic rate measurements from other shark species.

The mega‐flume performed well during initial tests, with intra‐ and interspecific comparisons suggesting accurate metabolic rate measurements can be obtained with this new tool. Inclusion of our data showed that the scaling exponent of active metabolic rate with mass for sharks ranging from 0·13 to 47·7 kg was 0·79; a similar value to previous estimates for resting metabolic rates in smaller fishes.

We describe the operation and usefulness of this new method in the context of our current uncertainties surrounding energy requirements of large water‐breathing animals. We also highlight the sensitivity of mass‐extrapolated energetic estimates in large aquatic animals and discuss the consequences for predicting ecosystem impacts such as trophic cascades.
Accounting for multiple climate components when estimating climate change exposure and velocity
Authors: Nadeau Christopher P. , Fuller Angela K. 
Published: February 2015

Summary

The effect of anthropogenic climate change on organisms will likely be related to climate change exposure and velocity at local and regional scales. However, common methods to estimate climate change exposure and velocity ignore important components of climate that are known to affect the ecology and evolution of organisms.

We develop a novel index of climate change (climate overlap) that simultaneously estimates changes in the means, variation and correlation between multiple weather variables. Specifically, we estimate the overlap between multivariate normal probability distributions representing historical and current or projected future climates. We provide methods for estimating the statistical significance of climate overlap values and methods to estimate velocity using climate overlap.

We show that climates have changed significantly across 80% of the continental United States in the last 32 years and that much of this change is due to changes in the variation and correlation between weather variables (two statistics that are rarely incorporated into climate change studies). We also show that projected future temperatures are predicted to be locally novel (<1·5% overlap) across most of the global land surface and that exposure is likely to be highest in areas with low historical climate variation. Last, we show that accounting for changes in the variation and correlation between multiple weather variables can dramatically affect velocity estimates; mean velocity estimates in the continental United States were between 3·1 and 19·0 km yr−1 when estimated using climate overlap compared to 1·4 km yr−1 when estimated using traditional methods.

Our results suggest that accounting for changes in the means, variation and correlation between multiple weather variables can dramatically affect estimates of climate change exposure and velocity. These climate components are known to affect the ecology and evolution of organisms, but are ignored by most measures of climate change. We conclude with a set of future directions and recommend future work to determine which measures of climate change exposure and velocity are most related to biological responses to climate change.
A georeferenced implementation of weighted endemism
Authors: Guerin Greg R. , Ruokolainen Lasse , Lowe Andrew J. 
Published: February 2015

Summary

Areas of endemism are conservation priorities and indicators of biogeographical processes, representing concentrations of range‐restricted biodiversity. While the term endemism describes geographical range restriction, the technical definition has often been re‐worked. Categorical definitions are increasingly replaced by weighting of species according to range sizes. In various contexts, range sizes have been estimated by the number of occupied map grid cells, the latitudinal or longitudinal range of point locations, or the area of a polygon surrounding point locations. Existing implementations of weighted endemism use the number of occupied grid cells to estimate range. However, this represents area of occupancy (AOO), not extent of occurrence (EOO).

We developed endemism calculations that include strictly geographical (georeferenced) interpretations of range (‘span’ and ‘area’), and compared them to cell frequency‐based measures. We compared species weights and endemism scores for 330 004 records of 3083 vascular plant species in 14 328 plots (Biological Survey of South Australia). We provide a self‐contained R function that calculates endemism using alternative range weights and integrates point data with automatically generated rasters. A parallel function tests for deviance from the expected (null) distribution, given observed species richness (nonparametric significance test; outlier metrics).

Species range weights based on grid cell frequency (AOO) versus georeferenced ‘span’ and ‘area’ (EOO) are conceptually different and were poorly correlated for the same data set, resulting in differences in the classification of grid cells as outliers from expected endemism. For example, the correlation (Kendall's τ) between endemism based on geographical ‘span’ and cell frequency was just 0·57, when partialling out the influence of species richness, potentially leading to contrasting conservation priorities over 8% or 46 000 km2 of the state of South Australia.

Weighting endemism by georeferenced range estimates provides an alternative approach that more explicitly highlights restriction in EOO, generates differences in endemism metrics and requires only georeferenced species records. This approach need not replace existing implementations, but provides an alternative measure of range‐restricted biodiversity. The functions provide efficient calculation of species ranges (with or without geographical outlier exclusion) and weighted endemism with novel implementation of significance tests and outlier detection, in the R environment.
Canadian Sociological Association Outstanding Contribution Lecture: The Fading of Redistributive Politics in Canada
Authors: Myles John 
Published: February 2015

Are redistributive politics in Canada fading or merely in abeyance? In this essay, I examine the empirical evidence for the “fading” metaphor, examine new, neoliberal lenses that have shaped recent policy developments, and identify changes in the role of political actors and policy‐making institutions that have facilitated the redistributive weakening. Ever the optimist, however, I conclude on an upbeat note on future democratic possibilities for a fairer and more just Canada.La politique de la redistribution au Canada, est‐elle en train de s’étioler ou est‐elle tout simplement en suspens? Dans un premier temps, je pose le contexte empirique à la fois pour et contre la métaphore d’ “étiolement”, tendances concernant la disparité des revenus, la pauvreté, et la répartition du revenu. Dans un deuxième, je me concentre sur le rôle des nouvelles politiques ainsi que sur le soi‐disant virage néolibéral dans l'idéologie politique qui ont façonné nos réponses à ces développements. Finalement, je discute le caractère changeant à la fois des acteurs politiques et des institutions politiques qui ont restructuré d'une façon cumulative la politique de la redistribution des revenus au Canada.
Enhanced antitumor effect of anti‐tissue factor antibody‐conjugated epirubicin‐incorporating micelles in xenograft models
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Hyodo Ichinosuke , Koga Yoshikatsu , Tsumura Ryo , Sato Ryuta , Obonai Toshihumi , Fuchigami Hirobumi , Furuya Fumiaki , Yasunaga Masahiro , Harada Mitsunori , Kato Yasuki , Ohtsu Atsushi , Matsumura Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2015

For the creation of a successful antibody–drug conjugate (ADC), both scientific and clinical evidence has indicated that highly toxic anticancer agents (ACA) should be conjugated to a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to administer a reasonable amount of ADC to patients without compromising the affinity of the mAb. For ordinary ACA, the conjugation of a mAb to ACA‐loaded micellar nanoparticles is clinically applicable. Tissue factor (TF) is often overexpressed in various cancer cells and tumor vascular endothelium. Accordingly, anti‐TF‐NC‐6300, consisting of epirubicin‐incorporating micelles (NC‐6300) conjugated with the F(ab')2 of anti‐TF mAb was developed. The in vitro and in vivo efficacy and pharmacokinetics of anti‐TF‐NC‐6300 were compared to NC‐6300 using two human pancreatic cancer cell lines, BxPC3 (high TF expression) and SUIT2 (low TF expression), and a gastric cancer cell line, 44As3 (high TF expression). The intracellular uptake of epirubicin was faster and greater in BxPC3 cells treated with anti‐TF‐NC‐6300, compared with NC‐6300. Anti‐TF‐NC‐6300 showed a superior antitumor activity in BxPC3 and 44As3 xenografts, compared with NC‐6300, while the activities of both micelles were similar in the SUIT2 xenograft. A higher tumor accumulation of anti‐TF‐NC‐6300 compared to NC‐6300 was seen, regardless of the TF expression levels. However, anti‐TF‐NC‐6300 appeared to be localized to the tumor cells with high TF expression. These results indicated that the enhanced antitumor effect of anti‐TF‐NC6300 may be independent of the tumor accumulation but may depend on the selective intratumor localization and the preferential internalization of anti‐TF‐NC‐6300 into high TF tumor cells.
Prognosis of Japanese patients with previously untreated metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the era of molecular‐targeted therapy
Authors: Shinohara Nobuo , Obara Wataru , Tatsugami Katsunori , Naito Sei , Kamba Tomomi , Takahashi Masayuki , Murai Sachiyo , Abe Takashige , Oba Koji , Naito Seiji 
Published: February 2015

A multicenter cooperative study was conducted to clarify the prognosis of Japanese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the era of molecular‐targeted therapy and the clinical usefulness of the Japanese metastatic renal cancer (JMRC) prognostic classification. Of 389 consecutive patients for whom treatment was started between 2008 and 2010 at 23 hospitals in Japan, 357 patients who received vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐tyrosine kinase inhibitor (VEGFR‐TKI) or cytokine as initial systemic therapy were the subject of the present study. Patients were classified into three prognostic groups according to the JMRC prognostic classification. The endpoints were progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) after the start of the initial treatment. The median PFS and OS for the entire cohort of 357 patients were 9.1 and 27.2 months, respectively. VEGFR‐TKI were selected for patients with multiple organ metastases, those with liver metastasis, and those with bone metastasis. The median PFS and OS were 11.0 and 23.2 months and 5.4 and 38.2 months in the VEGFR‐TKI group and the cytokines group, respectively. The JMRC prognostic classification was useful as a prognostic model for PFS and OS (c‐indexes: 0.613 and 0.630 in patients who initially received VEGFR‐TKI and 0.647 and 0.642 in patients who received cytokines, respectively). The present study showed for the first time the prognosis of Japanese patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma in the era of molecular‐targeted therapy. The JMRC prognostic classification may be clinically useful as a prognostic model.
Catechol‐O‐methyltransferase, a new target for pancreatic cancer therapy
Authors: Wu Wenming , Wu Qiao , Hong Xiafei , Zhou Li , Zhang Jie , You Lei , Wang Wenze , Wu Huanwen , Dai Hongmei , Zhao Yupei 
Published: February 2015

Catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) is an important molecule in different types of cancers. Its biological effect and therapeutic significance, however, rarely been investigated fully in pancreatic cancer. Immunohistologically, high COMT expression was significantly correlated with the longer overall survival of patients (P < 0.05), indicating its protective nature. The effects of COMT on cell growth, apoptosis, and invasion were evaluated using overexpression and silencing methods. In detail, we carried out experiments using one stably transduced and two transiently transfected pancreatic cancer cell lines in vitro, and one stably transduced cell line in vivo mice xenograft models. In vitro experiments showed that COMT inhibited cell proliferation, enhanced gemcitabine‐induced apoptosis, and inhibited cell invasion in stably transduced and transiently transfected cell lines by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway, p53, and E‐cadherin. The COMT overexpressed and silenced cell lines showed significantly inhibited and enhanced growth capacities in in vivo xenograft models, respectively. In conclusion, COMT suppressed pancreatic cancer and its high expression predicted longer survival time. The interaction of COMT with the PI3K/Akt pathway makes it a potential target for therapy.
BSACI guideline for the management of chronic urticaria and angioedema
Authors: Powell R. J. , Leech S. C. , Till S. , Huber P. A. J. , Nasser S. M. , Clark A. T. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThis guidance for the management of patients with chronic urticaria and angioedema has been prepared by the Standards of Care Committee of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (BSACI). The guideline is based on evidence as well as on expert opinion and is aimed at both adult physicians and paediatricians practising in allergy. The recommendations are evidence graded. During the development of these guidelines, all BSACI members were included in the consultation process using a Web‐based system. Their comments and suggestions were carefully considered by the Standards of Care Committee. Where evidence was lacking, a consensus was reached by the experts on the committee. Included in this management guideline are clinical classification, aetiology, diagnosis, investigations, treatment guidance with special sections on children with urticaria and the use of antihistamines in women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Finally, we have made recommendations for potential areas of future research.