bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gait Analysis in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Cimolin Veronica , Galli Manuela , Vismara Luca , Vimercati Sara Laura , Precilios Helmer , Cattani Laila , De Souza Shirley Fabris , Petroni Maria Letizia , Capodaglio Paolo 
Published: June 2013

Purpose Anorexia (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) are two common eating disorders, which appear to share some reduced motor capacities, such as a reduced balance. The presence and the extent of other motor disorders have not been investigated in a comprehensive way. The aim of this study was to quantify gait pattern in AN and BN individuals in order to ascertain possible differences from the normality range and provide novel data for developing some evidence-based rehabilitation strategies. Methods Nineteen AN patients (age 30.16+9.73) and 20 BN patients (age 26.8+8.41) were assessed with quantitative 3d computerized Gait Analysis. Results were compared with a group of healthy controls (CG; 30.7+5.6). Results AN and BN patients were characterized by different gait strategies compared to CG. Spatio-temporal parameters indicated shorter step length, with AN showing the shortest values. AN walked slower than BN and CG. As for kinematics, AN and BN showed a nonphysiologic pattern at pelvis and hip level on the sagittal and frontal plane, with BN yielding the most abnormal values. Both AN and BN patients were characterized by high ankle plantar flexion capacity at toe-off when compared to CG. As for ankle kinetics, both AN and BN showed physiologic patterns. Stiffness at hip level was close to CG in both pathologic groups; at the ankle level, stiffness was significantly decreased in both groups, with AN displaying lower values. Conclusions Both AN and BN were characterized by an altered gait pattern compared to CG. Biomechanical differences were evident mainly at pelvis and hip level. Loss of lean mass may lead to musculoskeletal adaptation, ultimately causing alterations in the gait pattern.
Stakeholder Happiness Enhancement: A Neo-Utilitarian Objective for the Modern Corporation
Authors: Jones Thomas M. , Felps Will 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT:Employing utilitarian criteria, Jones and Felps, in “Shareholder Wealth Maximization and Social Welfare: A Utilitarian Critique” (Business Ethics Quarterly23[2]: 207–38), examined the sequential logic leading from shareholder wealth maximization to maximal social welfare and uncovered several serious empirical and conceptual shortcomings. After rendering shareholder wealth maximization seriously compromised as an objective for corporate operations, they provided a set of criteria regarding what a replacement corporate objective would look like, but do not offer a specific alternative. In this article, we draw on neo-utilitarian thought to advance a refined version of normative stakeholder theory that we believe addresses a major remaining criticism of extant versions, their lack of specificity. More particularly, we provide a single-valued objective function for the corporation—stakeholder happiness enhancement—that would allow managers to make principled choices between/among policy options when stakeholder interests conflict.
Site‐Specific Differentiation of Neural Stem Cell Regulated by Micropatterned Multicomponent Interfaces
Authors: Wang Ying , Xu Zhen , Kam Lance C. , Shi Peng 
Published: June 2013

AbstractStem cell microenvironments are enriched by signals from a variety of components, which cooperate spatially and temporally to regulate cellular function. In vitro recapitulating such complexity in a well‐controlled manner is elusive. Here, a platform for patterning multiple bio‐active proteins on a single substrate is developed and optimized, and is used it to study the cooperative involvement of cell–matrix interaction and cell–cell signaling in regulating neural stem cell (NSC) function. An affinity‐capturing‐based multi‐step microcontact printing is used to pattern, extracellular matrix proteins, and cell–cell signaling ligands, as intersecting lines on a nonadhesive background. Such design provides spatial segregation of signals from different extrinsic components, while allowing cell traffic between them during their proliferation and differentiation processes. Rat embryonic neural stem cells are cultured and characterized on the multicomponent substrates patterned with different combinations of fibronectin, N‐cadherin, and Jagged1 proteins and allow to proliferate and differentiate over long term. It is found that local presentation of Notch signaling ligand (Jagged1) or cell adhesion molecule (N‐cadherin) effectively modulate the balance between cell–cell and cell–matrix interaction, and significantly change the overall spatial remodeling of NSC differentiation. This platform provides an unambiguous approach to study the spatial and temporal cooperative involvement of different extrinsic components in regulating stem cell behavior. It is also readily expandable for inclusion of extra components and applicable to use with other types of cells, which provide a powerful tool for basic study of cell–material interaction or advanced tissue‐interface engineering.
Recent Advances in Applications and Performance of Inorganic Hollow Spheres in Devices
Authors: Chen Min , Ye Chenyu , Zhou Shuxue , Wu Limin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractInorganic hollow spheres have wide, important applications due to their unique structure, controllable morphology, and composition. Recent developments in the application and performance of inorganic hollow spheres in solar cells, UV photodectors, gas sensors, and supercapacitors are discussed. For each inorganic hollow sphere based device, a critical comment is given based on knowledge and related research experience. Some perspectives on the future research and development of these inorganic‐hollow‐sphere devices are given.
Enhanced cloud‐to‐ground lightning frequency in the vicinity of coal plants and highways in Northern Georgia, USA
Authors: Strikas Ona M. , Elsner James B. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLightning amplification has been detected in areas with enhanced aerosol concentrations. Here the authors use cloud‐to‐ground (CG) lightning strike data across North Georgia to statistically model the lightning frequency as a function of distance from nearest coal plant and distance from nearest highway. Results show a threefold increase in lightning occurrence near coal plants and highways. Lightning enhancement near coal plants extends to distances exceeding 100 km; whereas, the lightning enhancement near highways is limited to a localized spike. The models explain not more than 11% of the spatial variability in flash frequency.
Harvesting microalgae cultures with superabsorbent polymers: Desulfurization of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii for hydrogen production
Authors: Martín del Campo Julia S. , Patiño Rodrigo 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTIt is presented in this work a new methodology to harvest fresh water microalgae cultures by extracting the culture medium with superabsorbent polymers (SAPs). The microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were grown in the Sueoka culture medium, harvested with polyacrylic SAPs and re‐suspended in the culture medium tris‐acetate‐potassium without sulfur (TAP‐S) to generate hydrogen (H2) under anoxic conditions. The H2 production as an alternative fuel is relevant since this gas has high‐energy recovery without involving carbon. Before microalgae harvesting, a number of range diameters (1–7 mm) for SAPs spherical particles were tested, and the initial rate (V0) and the maximal capacity (Qmax) were determined for the Sueoka medium absorption. The SAP particles with the diameter range 2.0–2.5 mm performed the best and these were employed for the rest of the experiments. The Sueoka medium has a high salt content and the effect of the ionic strength was also studied for different medium concentrations (0–400%). The SAPs were reused in consecutive absorption/desorption cycles, maintaining their absorption capacity. Although the Sueoka medium reduces the SAPs absorption capacity to 40% compared with deionized water, the use of SAPs was very significant for the desulfurization process of C. reihardtii. The presence of C. reinhardtii at different concentrations does not affect the absorption capacity of the Sueoka culture medium by the SAPs. In order to reduce the time of the process, an increase of the SAPs concentration was tested, being 20 g of SAP per liter of medium, a condition to harvest the microalgae culture in 4 h. There were no evident cell ruptures during the harvesting process and the cells remained alive. Finally, the harvested biomass was re‐suspended in TAP‐S medium and kept under anaerobic conditions and illumination to produce H2 that was monitored by a PEM fuel cell. The use of SAPs for microalgae harvesting is a feasible non‐invasive procedure to obtain high concentrations of functional biomass at low cost; it offers an attractive alternative due to its versatility and simplicity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 3227–3234. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Steady‐State Plasma Concentration of Donepezil Enantiomers and Its Stereoselective Metabolism and Transport In Vitro
Authors: Lili Wan , Cheng Guo , Zhiyong Zhou , Qi Yu , Yan Li , Dan Li , Xueli Zheng , Yuan Zhong 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to elucidate the differences in the plasma concentration of two enantiomers of donepezil in Chinese patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and investigate in vitro stereoselective metabolism and transport. Donepezil enantiomers were separated and determined by LC‐MS/MS using D5‐donepezil as an internal standard on a Sepax Chiralomix SB‐5 column. In vitro stereoselective metabolism and transport of donepezil were investigated in human liver microsomes and MDCKII‐MDR1 cell monolayer. Pre‐dose (Css‐min) plasma concentrations were determined in 52 patients. The mean plasma level of (R)‐donepezil was 14.94 ng/ml and that of (S)‐donepezil was 23.37 ng/ml. One patient's plasma concentration of (R)‐donepezil was higher than (S)‐donepezil and the ratio is 1.51. The mean plasma levels of (S)‐donepezil were found to be higher than those of (R)‐donepezil in 51 patients and the ratio of plasma (R)‐ to (S)‐donepezil varies from 0.34 to 0.85. In the in vitro microsomal system, (R)‐donepezil degraded faster than (S)‐donepezil. Vmax of (R)‐donepezil was significantly higher than (S)‐donepezil. The P‐gp inhibition experiment shown that the Papp of the two enantiomers was higher than 200 and the efflux ratios were 1.11 and 0.99. The results of the P‐gp inhibition identification experiment showed IC50 values of 35.5 and 20.4 μM, respectively, for the two enantiomers. The results indicate that donepezil exhibits stereoselective hepatic metabolism that may explain the differences in the steady‐state plasma concentrations observed. Neither (R)‐ nor (S)‐donepezil was a P‐gp substance and the two enantiomers are highly permeable through the blood–brain barrier. Chirality 25:498–505, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
(S)‐(−)‐(2‐MeBu)N(Pr)2MeI Salt as Template in the Enantioselective Synthesis of the Enantiopure Two‐dimensional (S)‐(−)‐(2‐MeBu)N(Pr)2Me[ΛMnΔCr(C2O4)3] Ferromagnet
Authors: Gruselle Michel , Li Yanling , Ovanesyan Nikolay , Makhaev Viktor , Shilov Gennadi , Mushenok Fedor , Train Cyrille , Aldoshin Serguey 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe describe herein the synthesis of (rac)‐ or enantiopure (S)‐(−)‐(2‐MeBu)N(Pr)2MeI ammonium salts. These racemic and enantiopure ammonium salts were used as cationic templates to obtain new two‐dimensional (2D) ferromagnets [(rac)‐(2‐MeBu)N(Pr)2Me][MnCr(C2O4)3] and [(S)‐(−)‐(2‐MeBu)N(Pr)2Me][ΔMnΛ nCr(C2O4)3]. The absolute configuration of the hexacoordinated Cr(III) metallic ion in the enantiopure 2D network was determined by a circular dichroism measurement. The structure of [(2‐MeBu)N(Pr)2Me][MnCr(C2O4)3], established by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, belongs to the chiral P63 space group. According to direct current (dc) magnetic measurements, these compounds are ferrromagnets with a temperature Tc = 6°K. Chirality 25:444–448, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Overcoming Bottlenecks of Enzymatic Biofuel Cell Cathodes: Crude Fungal Culture Supernatant Can Help to Extend Lifetime and Reduce Cost
Authors: Sané Sabine , Jolivalt Claude , Mittler Gerhard , Nielsen Peter J. , Rubenwolf Stefanie , Zengerle Roland , Kerzenmacher Sven 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEnzymatic biofuel cells (BFCs) show great potential for the direct conversion of biochemically stored energy from renewable biomass resources into electricity. However, enzyme purification is time‐consuming and expensive. Furthermore, the long‐term use of enzymatic BFCs is hindered by enzyme degradation, which limits their lifetime to only a few weeks. We show, for the first time, that crude culture supernatant from enzyme‐secreting microorganisms (Trametes versicolor) can be used without further treatment to supply the enzyme laccase to the cathode of a mediatorless BFC. Polarization curves show that there is no significant difference in the cathode performance when using crude supernatant that contains laccase compared to purified laccase in culture medium or buffer solution. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the oxygen reduction activity of this enzymatic cathode can be sustained over a period of at least 120 days by periodic resupply of crude culture supernatant. This is more than five times longer than control cathodes without the resupply of culture supernatant. During the operation period of 120 days, no progressive loss of potential is observed, which suggests that significantly longer lifetimes than shown in this work may be possible. Our results demonstrate the possibility to establish simple, cost efficient, and mediatorless enzymatic BFC cathodes that do not require expensive enzyme purification procedures. Furthermore, they show the feasibility of an enzymatic BFC with an extended lifetime, in which self‐replicating microorganisms provide the electrode with catalytically active enzymes in a continuous or periodic manner.
Thiobencarb Herbicide Reduces Growth, Photosynthetic Activity, and Amount of Rieske Iron‐Sulfur Protein in the Diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana
Authors: Shimasaki Yohei , Tsuyama Michito , Tasmin Rumana , Qiu Xuchun , Shimizu Motoyuki , Sato Yusuke , Yamasaki Yasuhiro , Kato‐Unoki Yoko , Nukata Atsushi , Nakashima Takashi , Ichinose Hirofumi , Wariishi Hiroyuki , Honjo Tsuneo , Oshima Yuji 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWe investigated the effects of the herbicide thiobencarb on the growth, photosynthetic activity, and expression profile of photosynthesis‐related proteins in the marine diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. Growth rate was suppressed by 50% at a thiobencarb concentration of 1.26 mg/L. Growth and photosystem II activity (Fv/Fm ratio) were drastically decreased at 5 mg/L, at which the expression levels of 13 proteins increased significantly and those of 11 proteins decreased significantly. Among these proteins, the level of the Rieske iron‐sulfur protein was decreased to less than half of the control level. This protein is an essential component of the cytochrome b6f complex in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. Although the mechanism by which thiobencarb decreased the Rieske iron‐sulfur protein level is not clear, these results suggest that growth was inhibited by interruption of the photosynthetic electron transport chain by thiobencarb. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:437‐444, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21505
Stressful Life Events and Depression Symptoms: The Effect of Childhood Emotional Abuse on Stress Reactivity
Authors: Shapero Benjamin G. , Black Shimrit K. , Liu Richard T. , Klugman Joshua , Bender Rachel E. , Abramson Lyn Y. , Alloy Lauren B. 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveStressful life events are associated with an increase in depressive symptoms and the onset of major depression. Importantly, research has shown that the role of stress changes over the course of depression. The present study extends the current literature by examining the effects of early life stress on emotional reactivity to current stressors.MethodIn a multiwave study (N = 281, mean age = 18.76; 68% female), we investigated the proximal changes that occur in depressive symptoms when individuals are faced with life stress and whether a history of childhood emotional abuse moderates this relationship.ResultsResults support the stress sensitivity hypothesis for early emotional abuse history. Individuals with greater childhood emotional abuse severity experienced greater increases in depressive symptoms when confronted with current dependent stressors, controlling for childhood physical and sexual abuse.ConclusionsThis study highlights the importance of emotional abuse as an indicator for reactivity to stressful life events.
Co‐Occurring Eating and Psychiatric Symptoms in Taiwanese College Students: Effects of Gender and Parental Factors
Authors: Tseng Mei‐Chih Meg , Gau Susan Shur‐Fen , Tseng Wan‐Ling , Hwu Hai‐Gwo , Lee Ming‐Been 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo test whether gender and parental factors moderate the relationships between symptoms of eating disorder (ED) and other psychiatric symptoms.MethodsA total of 5,015 new entrants completed several questionnaires and 541individuals with ED symptoms were identified by the Adult Self‐Report Inventory‐4 that assessed a wide range of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition psychopathology. The participants also reported on their parents’ attitude toward them before their ages of 16.ResultsED symptoms, female gender, less parental care, and more parental protection were associated with more severe co‐occurring psychiatric symptoms. Gender and parental factors also demonstrated differential moderating effects on the relationships between ED and co‐occurring psychiatric symptoms.ConclusionsParenting counseling may be individualized to young adults with ED symptoms and different co‐occurring psychiatric symptoms.
Polysomnographic evaluation of propofol‐induced sleep in patients with respiratory sleep disorders and controls
Authors: Rabelo Fábio A. W. , Küpper Daniel S. , Sander Heidi H. , Fernandes Regina M. F. , Valera Fabiana C. P. 
Published: June 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) depends on correct localization of upper airway obstruction, exception made for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) with propofol allows this evaluation, but the drug effects on sleep parameters are not yet well established. Our objective was to study by polysomnography (PSG) whether propofol would change sleep parameters by means of a prospective cross‐sectional clinical study in a tertiary hospital.Study DesignThirty non‐obese subjects (6 controls and 24 OSAS patients) underwent two daytime PSGs, one with DISE and the other without DISE.MethodsDuring DISE exam, propofol was administered intravenously in continuous infusion using a target‐controlled infusion pump. The parameters evaluated were: presence of snoring, apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI), oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2), and sleep macroarchitecture.ResultsSnoring was absent in all healthy subjects during DISE sleep with propofol, and present in all OSAS patients (100%). AHI and mean SaO2 showed no statistical difference between the two tests, with and without propofol. However, minimum SaO2 was significantly lower during propofol infusion (88.64 for without vs. 85.04 for with propofol; P < 0.01). Regarding sleep macroarchitecture, the tests with propofol significantly increased N3 sleep and totally extinguished REM sleep (P < 0.005).ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that propofol significantly changes sleep macroarchitecture. However, the main respiratory parameters, AHI and mean SaO2, remained unaffected. Thus, in order to determine the sites of obstruction, propofol DISE used with target‐controlled infusion proved to be an effective drug for endoscopic evaluation of patients with OSAS.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:2300–2305, 2013
Transdermal rotigotine in early stage Parkinson's disease: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Mizuno Yoshikuni , Nomoto Masahiro , Kondo Tomoyoshi , Hasegawa Kazuko , Murata Miho , Takeuchi Masahiro , Ikeda Junji , Tomida Takayuki , Hattori Nobutaka ,   on behalf of the Rotigotine Trial Group
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe conducted a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial to determine the safety and efficacy of transdermal rotigotine at doses up to 16 mg/24 hours in patients with early stage Parkinson's disease (PD) in Japan.MethodsPatients received once‐daily rotigotine 2 to 16 mg/24 hours (mean dose, 12.8 mg/24 hours; n = 82) or placebo (n = 90) for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) part II (activities of daily living) and part III (motor function) scores from baseline to the end of treatment.ResultsThe mean (± standard deviation) changes in UPDRS part II and III scores were −8.4 ± 9.7 in the rotigotine group and −4.1 ± 8.2 in the placebo group and were significantly different (P = 0.002). More patients in the rotigotine group than in the placebo group had a ≥20% score reduction. No serious drug‐related adverse events were reported.ConclusionsRotigotine at doses up to 16 mg/24 hours was well tolerated and improved function in patients with early stage PD. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Mild cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease is associated with increased cortical degeneration
Authors: Hanganu Alexandru , Bedetti Christophe , Jubault Thomas , Gagnon Jean‐Francois , Mejia‐Constain Béatriz , Degroot Clotilde , Lafontaine Anne‐Louise , Chouinard Sylvain , Monchi Oury 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTMild cognitive impairment (MCI) can occur early in the course of Parkinson's disease (PD), and its presence increases the risk of developing dementia. Determining the cortical changes associated with MCI in PD, thus, may be useful in predicting the future development of dementia. To address this objective, 37 patients with PD, divided into 2 groups according to the presence or absence MCI (18 with and 19 without) and 16 matched controls, underwent anatomic magnetic resonance imaging. Corticometry analyses were performed to measure the changes in cortical thickness and surface area as well as their correlation with disease duration. Compared with healthy controls, the PD‐MCI group exhibited increased atrophy and changes of local surface area in the bilateral occipital, left temporal, and frontal cortices; whereas the PD non‐MCI group exhibited only unilateral thinning and decreased surface area in the occipital lobe and in the frontal cortex. In addition, a comparison between the PD‐MCI and PD non‐MCI groups revealed increased local surface area in the occipital lobe, temporal lobe, and postcentral gyrus for the cognitively impaired patients. It is noteworthy that, in the PD‐MCI group, cortical thickness had a significant negative correlation with disease duration in the precentral, supramarginal, occipital, and superior temporal cortices; whereas, in the PD non‐MCI group, such a correlation was absent. The findings from this study reveal that, at the same stage of PD evolution, the presence of MCI is associated with a higher level of cortical changes, suggesting that cortical degeneration is increased in patients with PD because of the presence of MCI. © 2013 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society