bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quand les jeunes issus de familles nombreuses envisagent de devenir parents : l’influence de la socialisation primaire sur le nombre d’enfants souhaités
Authors: Court Martine , Bertrand Julien , Bois Géraldine , Henri-Panabière Gaële , Vanhée Olivier 
Published: June 2015

Depuis les années 1980, de nombreuses études ont montré que les individus issus de familles nombreuses ont tendance à désirer et à avoir eux-mêmes un nombre élevé d’enfants. Pour autant, cette reproduction à l’âge adulte du type de famille que l’on a connu pendant l’enfance ne va pas de soi. Le fait d’avoir grandi dans une fratrie nombreuse ne suffit pas à lui seul à faire naître chez les individus le désir d’avoir à leur tour de nombreux enfants. L’émergence de ce désir suppose un certain nombre de conditions sociales. Cet article analyse ces conditions, en s’intéressant au rôle de la socialisation primaire. Il décrit en particulier trois types d’expériences socialisatrices susceptibles de favoriser ou au contraire de défavoriser la construction de l’aspiration à avoir soi-même un grand nombre d'enfants chez les jeunes issus d’une famille nombreuse : les souvenirs plus ou moins heureux que les individus gardent de leur enfance, leur implication dans la prise en charge de leurs cadets et leur perception de l'expérience de leurs parents. Dans chaque cas, l’article montre que les expériences socialisatrices associées au désir d’avoir soi-même un grand nombre d'enfants ne sont pas réparties de manière uniforme au sein de l’espace social.
Le logement social récent en périphérie de Guadalajara : analyse du projet Hacienda Santa Fe dans la perspective de la satisfaction résidentielle
Authors: Reyes Ramón , Torres Juan , Becerra Olga 
Published: June 2015

Dans la région métropolitaine de Guadalajara, les réformes aux politiques mexicaines de logement social des années 1990 se sont traduites par la multiplication de projets résidentiels dans des municipalités périphériques. Hacienda Santa Fe, dans Tlajomulco de Zúñiga, est l’un de ces projets. Réalisé selon le modèle des communautés fermées, il répond à une forte demande de logement abordable ; toutefois, il se déploie loin des secteurs consolidés. Dans quelle mesure le projet peut-il satisfaire ses résidants ? Sur la base d’une analyse documentaire et d’une enquête exploratoire auprès de 60 participants, cet article présente le projet Hacienda Santa Fe, ainsi que l’évaluation que les résidants en font en termes de satisfaction résidentielle. L’analyse des résultats met en évidence des niveaux de satisfaction variés en ce qui a trait aux caractéristiques du logement, du contexte immédiat et de l’ensemble du quartier, autant sur le plan physique que sur le plan social.
Modeling the instantaneous response of glaciers after the collapse of the Larsen B Ice Shelf
Authors: De Rydt J. , Gudmundsson G. H. , Rott H. , Bamber J. L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFollowing the disintegration of the Larsen B Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, in 2002, regular surveillance of its ∼20 tributary glaciers has revealed a response which is varied and complex in both space and time. The major outlets have accelerated and thinned, smaller glaciers have shown little or no change, and glaciers flowing into the remnant Scar Inlet Ice Shelf have responded with delay. In this study we present the first areawide numerical analysis of glacier dynamics before and immediately after the collapse of the ice shelf, combining new data sets and a state‐of‐the‐art numerical ice flow model. We simulate the loss of buttressing at the grounding line and find a good qualitative agreement between modeled changes in glacier flow and observations. Through this study, we seek to improve confidence in our numerical models and their ability to capture the complex mechanical coupling between floating ice shelves and grounded ice.
Subthermocline eddies observed by rapid‐sampling Argo floats in the subtropical northwestern Pacific Ocean in Spring 2014
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Li Peiliang , Xu Lixiao , Li Cheng , Zhao Wei , Tian Jiwei , Qu Tangdong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn Spring 2014, two subthermocline eddies (STEs) were observed by rapid‐sampling Argo floats in the subtropical northwestern Pacific (STNWP). The first one is a warm, salty, and oxygen‐poor lens, with its temperature/salinity /dissolved oxygen (T/S/DO) anomalies reaching 1.16°C/0.21 practical salinity unit (psu)/−29.9 µmol/kg, respectively, near the 26.62σ0 surface. The other is a cold, fresh, and oxygen‐rich lens, with its T/S/DO anomalies reaching −1.95°C/−0.34 psu/88.0 µmol/kg, respectively, near the 26.54σ0 surface. The vertical extent of the water mass anomalies in the warm (cold) STE is about 190 m (150 m), and its horizontal length scale is 22 ± 7 km (18 ± 10 km). According to their water mass properties, we speculate that the warm and cold STEs are generated in the North Pacific Subtropical and Subarctic Front region, respectively. The observed STEs may play an important role in modifying the intermediate‐layer water properties in the STNWP, and this needs to be confirmed by more focused observations in the future.
A Practical Synthesis of α‐Fluoroketones in Aqueous Media by Decarboxylative Fluorination of β‐Ketoacids
Authors: Li Jian , Li Yin‐Long , Jin Nan , Ma Ai‐Lun , Huang Ya‐Nan , Deng Jun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA practical and novel process for the decarboxylative fluorination of β‐ketoacids in water in the presence of phase transfer catalyst has been developed, affording a series of α‐fluoroketones in good to excellent yields. Furthermore, a preliminary investigation for the catalytic asymmetric transformation was performed and a proposed mechanistic pathway for this catalytic process was proposed.magnified image
Skin pigmentation variation among populations of West Maharashtra, India
Authors: Jonnalagadda Manjari , Ozarkar Shantanu , Ashma Richa , Kulkarni Shaunak 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesGlobal patterns of skin pigmentation have evolved as an adaptation to local ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Indian populations exposed to intense UVR show great variation in skin pigmentation. The UVR‐based selection model cannot satisfactorily address the high prevalence of light skin among these populations. Thus, the present study examines pigmentation variation among populations of West Maharashtra and the Indian subcontinent within the context of population structure and social hierarchy.MethodsMelanin index (MI) was measured from 555 individuals representing six endogamous populations of West Maharashtra. Skin pigmentation was assessed in terms of variation between populations and differences between and among castes and tribes. A linear regression analysis was run to assess the relationship among MI, UVR, and social hierarchy using published MI data from 13 Indian endogamous populations.ResultsSkin pigmentation differed significantly among populations of West Maharashtra. Significant pigmentation variation exists between castes and tribes of West Maharashtra as well as across the Indian subcontinent. We observe a significant negative relationship between social hierarchy and skin pigmentation, whereas the relationship between UVR and MI is weak.ConclusionsOur results suggest that various factors may have contributed to pigmentation diversity across the Indian subcontinent. The lack of correlation between UVR and MI suggests that natural selection may not have played a significant role in shaping pigmentation variation across the subcontinent. We discuss other possible explanations, including metabolic conservation and cultural factors such as traditional social hierarchies and strict endogamy that have led to the development of population structure. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:36–43, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Length of time spent working on a commercial construction site and the associations with worker characteristics
Authors: Sparer Emily H. , Okechukwu Cassandra A. , Manjourides Justin , Herrick Robert F. , Katz Jeffrey N. , Dennerlein Jack T. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundConstruction workers move frequently from jobsite to jobsite, yet little is documented about length of stay on‐site and associations with worker characteristics.MethodUsing cross‐sectional data, we investigated associations between worker characteristics (including trade and musculoskeletal pain) and length of stay on‐site (dichotomized as <1 month, n = 554, and ≥1month, n = 435).ResultsApproximately, 56% of workers remained on the worksite for at least 1 month. Length of stay was significantly associated with workers' race/ethnicity, union status, title, trade, and musculoskeletal pain (P‐values < 0.05). Trades associated with longer length of stay included pipefitters and plumbers. Trades associated with shorter length of stay included operators and piledrivers. Workers with single‐location pain had 2.21 times (95%CI: 1.52, 3.19) the odds of being short‐term versus long‐term, adjusting for trade, title, and race/ethnicity.ConclusionThe length of stay and associated characteristics provide important insight into how workers come and go on construction sites and the methodological challenges associated with traditional intervention evaluations. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:964–973, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Contrast‐enhanced multidetector‐row computed tomography can predict pathological findings of acute appendicitis in children
Authors: Hashizume Naoki , Iinuma Yasushi , Hirayama Yutaka , Nitta Kohju , Iida Hisataka , Shiotani Motoi , Shibuya Hiroyuki , Yagi Minoru 
Published: June 2015

AimsTo retrospectively evaluate the correlation between multidetector‐row computed tomography findings of acute appendicitis and the pathological status of acute appendicitis, and evaluate the capability of multidetector‐row computed tomography to predict the pathological status of acute appendicitis in children.MethodsThe presence of a distended appendix (>6 mm in transverse diameter) was used as a primary sign to indicate the presence of appendiceal inflammation. The presence of appendiceal wall thickening (>1 mm) and enhanced appendiceal wall continuity were also used as predictive findings to reflect the degree of progression of acute appendicitis on multidetector‐row computed tomography findings. The findings of each individual case were classified into four grades. The final pathological diagnosis was classified into four groups: normal findings, only mucosal inflammation, inflammation with intramural spreading, and gangrenous. The relationship between the pathological grades and computed tomography grades was analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation test.ResultsFour of six cases in Grade 0 reflected normal appendiceal findings (66.7%) and 3 of 5 cases in Grade I reflected only mucosal inflammation status (60.0%). Forty‐four of 51 cases in Grade II reflected intramural inflammation status (86.3%), and 40 of 57 cases in Grade III reflected gangrenous status (70.2%). The multidetector‐row computed tomography grade was significantly correlated to the pathological grade with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of 0.689 (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThere was a close relationship between the multidetector‐row computed tomography imaging findings and the pathological findings. This preoperative information is extremely useful for decision‐making in the treatment strategy for acute appendicitis in children.
Epoxidized pine oil‐siloxane: Crosslinking kinetic study and thermomechanical properties
Authors: Abdelwahab Mohamed A. , Misra Manjusri , Mohanty Amar K. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, a novel approach to toughen biobased epoxy polymer with different types of siloxanes was explored. Three different modified siloxanes, e.g., amine‐terminated polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS‐amine), glycidyl‐terminated polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS‐glycidyl), and glycidyl‐terminated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS‐glycidyl) were used as toughening agents. The curing and kinetics of bioepoxy was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the cured materials were investigated. Rheological characterization revealed that the inclusion of POSS‐glycidyl slightly increased the complex viscosity compared to the neat resin. The morphology of the cured bioresin was characterized by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The inclusion of POSS‐glycidyl to bioepoxy resin resulted in a good homogeneity within the blends. The inclusion of PDMS‐amine or PDMS‐glycidyl was shown to have no effect on tensile and flexural properties of the bioresins, but led to a deterioration in the impact strength. However, the inclusion of POSS‐glycidyl enhanced the impact strength and elongation at break of the bioresins. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the siloxane modified epoxy decreased the storage modulus of the bioresins. The thermal properties, such as decomposition temperature, coefficient of linear thermal expansion, and heat deflection temperature were improved by inclusion of POSS‐glycidyl. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42451.
Improving the helium gas barrier properties of epoxy coatings through the incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets and the influence of preparation techniques
Authors: van Rooyen Louis Johann , Karger‐Kocsis Jozsef , David Kock Lesotlho 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTGraphene/epoxy nanocomposite coatings were formulated by applying different dispersion and preparation methods to determine whether the coatings might be a potential gas barrier material for irradiated graphite waste which is known to release radioactive gases like tritium (3H2). Helium was used as a substitute gas for tritium and the gas permeability was measured with the use of a helium leak detector. The dispersion and fabrication techniques influenced the ability of the coatings to reduce the helium gas permeability. Characterization of the graphene nanoplatelets and the composite morphology showed that the graphene nanoplatelet geometry and aspect ratio were altered by the applied dispersion techniques. The results showed that incorporating 2 wt % graphene into the epoxy matrix, combined with a multilayer fabrication method, reduced the helium gas permeability by 83% when compared to the reference epoxy samples. Modeling the gas permeability according to the tortuous path theory confirmed the aspect ratios which were estimated by the microscopic methods and particle size analysis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42584.
Improved impact strength of epoxy by the addition of functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and reactive diluent
Authors: da Silva Wellington Marcos , Ribeiro Hélio , Neves Juliana Cardoso , Sousa Alexandre Rangel , Silva Glaura Goulart 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), both oxidized and amine functionalized (triethylenetetramine—TETA), have been used to improve the mechanical properties of nanocomposites based on epoxy resin. The TGA and XPS analysis allowed the evaluation of the degree of chemical modification on MWCNTs. Nanocomposites were manufactured by a three‐roll milling process with 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt % of MWCNT–COOH and MWCNT–COTETA. A series of nanocomposites with 5.0 wt % of reactive diluent was also prepared. Tensile and impact tests were conducted to evaluate the effects of the nanofillers and diluent on the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. The results showed higher gains (258% increase) in the impact strength for nanocomposites manufactured with aminated MWCNTs. Optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the overall filler distribution, the dispersion of individual nanotubes, and the interface adhesion on the nanocomposites. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42587.
Three dimensional multi‐cellular muscle‐like tissue engineering in perfusion‐based bioreactors
Authors: Cerino Giulia , Gaudiello Emanuele , Grussenmeyer Thomas , Melly Ludovic , Massai Diana , Banfi Andrea , Martin Ivan , Eckstein Friedrich , Grapow Martin , Marsano Anna 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTConventional tissue engineering strategies often rely on the use of a single progenitor cell source to engineer in vitro biological models; however, multi‐cellular environments can better resemble the complexity of native tissues. Previous described co‐culture models used skeletal myoblasts, as parenchymal cell source, and mesenchymal or endothelial cells, as stromal component. Here, we propose instead the use of adipose tissue‐derived stromal vascular fraction cells, which include both mesenchymal and endothelial cells, to better resemble the native stroma. Percentage of serum supplementation is one of the crucial parameters to steer skeletal myoblasts toward either proliferation (20%) or differentiation (5%) in two‐dimensional culture conditions. On the contrary, three‐dimensional (3D) skeletal myoblast culture often simply adopts the serum content used in monolayer, without taking into account the new cell environment. When considering 3D cultures of mm‐thick engineered tissues, homogeneous and sufficient oxygen supply is paramount to avoid formation of necrotic cores. Perfusion‐based bioreactor culture can significantly improve the oxygen access to the cells, enhancing the viability and the contractility of the engineered tissues. In this study, we first investigated the influence of different serum supplementations on the skeletal myoblast ability to proliferate and differentiate during 3D perfusion‐based culture. We tested percentages of serum promoting monolayer skeletal myoblast‐proliferation (20%) and differentiation (5%) and suitable for stromal cell culture (10%) with a view to identify the most suitable condition for the subsequent co‐culture. The 10% serum medium composition resulted in the highest number of mature myotubes and construct functionality. Co‐culture with stromal vascular fraction cells at 10% serum also supported the skeletal myoblast differentiation and maturation, hence providing a functional engineered 3D muscle model that resembles the native multi‐cellular environment. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 226–236. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resolution and quantification of arginine, monomethylarginine, asymmetric dimethylarginine, and symmetric dimethylarginine in plasma using HPLC with internal calibration
Authors: Alkaitis Matthew S. , Nardone Glenn , Chertow Jessica H. , Ackerman Hans C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNG,NG‐dimethyl‐l‐arginine (asymmetric dimethylarginine, ADMA),NG‐monomethyl‐l‐arginine (l‐NMMA) and NG,NG’‐dimethyl‐l‐arginine (symmetric dimethylarginine, SDMA) are released during hydrolysis of proteins containing methylated arginine residues. ADMA and l‐NMMA inhibit nitric oxide synthase by competing with l‐arginine substrate. All three methylarginine derivatives also inhibit arginine transport. To enable investigation of methylarginines in diseases involving impaired nitric oxide synthesis, we developed a high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay to simultaneously quantify arginine, ADMA, l‐NMMA and SDMA. Our assay requires 12 μL of plasma and is ideal for applications where sample availability is limited. We extracted arginine and methylarginines with mixed‐mode cation‐exchange columns, using synthetic monoethyl‐l‐arginine as an internal standard. Metabolites were derivatized with ortho‐phthaldialdeyhde and 3‐mercaptopropionic acid, separated by reverse‐phase HPLC and quantified with fluorescence detection. Standard curve linearity was ≥0.9995 for all metabolites. Inter‐day coefficient of variation (CV) values were ≤5% for arginine, ADMA and SDMA in human plasma and for arginine and ADMA in mouse plasma. The CV value for l‐NMMA was higher in human (10.4%) and mouse (15.8%) plasma because concentrations were substantially lower than ADMA and SDMA. This assay provides unique advantages of small sample volume requirements, excellent separation of target metabolites from contaminants and validation for both human and mouse plasma samples. © 2015 The Authors Biomedical Chromatography published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
H2S restores the cardioprotection from ischemic post‐conditioning in isolated aged rat hearts
Authors: Wei Can , Zhao Yan , Wang Lina , Peng Xue , Li Hong , Zhao Yajun , He Yuqin , Shao Hongjiang , Zhong Xin , Li Hongzhu , Xu Changqing 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study explored the mechanisms underlying the recovery of myocardial protection from ischemic post‐conditioning (PC) by exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in aged rat hearts. We observed that ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) inhibited the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and promoted phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) in both young hearts and aged hearts. PC up‐regulated ERK1/2 phosphorylations and down‐regulated p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylations. Exogenous H2S further enhanced the role of PC in the young hearts. In the aged hearts, PC failed to affect all these 3 MAPK members, while co‐treatment with exogenous H2S‐induced ERK1/2 and reduced p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylations. These results suggest that exogenous H2S recovers PC‐induced cardioprotection via MAPK pathway in the aged hearts.
Electron‐Poor Thiophene 1,1‐Dioxides: Synthesis, Characterization, and Application as Electron Relays in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Tsai Chia‐Hua , Chirdon Danielle N. , Kagalwala Husain N. , Maurer Andrew B. , Kaur Aman , Pintauer Tomislav , Bernhard Stefan , Noonan Kevin J. T. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of electron‐poor thiophene 1,1‐dioxides bearing cyanated phenyl groups are reported. The electron‐accepting nature of these compounds was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, and highly reversible and facile reductions were observed for several derivatives. Moreover, some of the reduced thiophene dioxides form colorful anions, which were investigated spectroelectrochemically. Photoluminescence spectra of the electron‐deficient sulfones were measured in CH2Cl2, and they emit in the blue‐green region with significant variation in the quantum yield depending on the aryl substituents. By expanding the degree of substitution on the phenyl rings, quantum yields up to 34 % were obtained. X‐ray diffraction data are reported for two of the thiophene 1,1‐dioxides, and the electronic structure was probed for all synthesized derivatives through DFT calculations. The dioxides were also examined as electron relays in a photocatalytic water reduction reaction, and they showed potential to boost the efficiency.
Influence of P‐Bonded Bulky Substituents on Electronic Interactions in Ferrocenyl‐Substituted Phospholes
Authors: Miesel Dominique , Hildebrandt Alexander , Korb Marcus , Wild Duncan A. , Low Paul J. , Lang Heinrich 
Published: June 2015

Abstract2,5‐Diferrocenyl‐1‐Ar‐1H‐phospholes 3 a–e (Ar=phenyl (a), ferrocenyl (b), mesityl (c), 2,4,6‐triphenylphenyl (d), and 2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenyl (e)) have been prepared by reactions of ArPH2 (1 a–e) with 1,4‐diferrocenyl butadiyne. Compounds 3 b–e have been structurally characterized by single‐crystal XRD analysis. Application of the sterically demanding 2,4,6‐tri‐tert‐butylphenyl group led to an increased flattening of the pyramidal phosphorus environment. The ferrocenyl units could be oxidized separately, with redox separations of 265 (3 b), 295 (3 c), 340 (3 d), and 315 mV (3 e) in [NnBu4][B(C6F5)4]; these values indicate substantial thermodynamic stability of the mixed‐valence radical cations. Monocationic [3 b]+–[3 e]+ show intervalence charge‐transfer absorptions between 4650 and 5050 cm−1 of moderate intensity and half‐height bandwidth. Compounds 3 c–e with bulky, electron‐rich substituents reveal a significant increase in electronic interactions compared with less demanding groups in 3 a and 3 b.