bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kaposi's sarcoma‐derived cell line SLK is not of endothelial origin, but is a contaminant from a known renal carcinoma cell line
Authors: Stürzl Michael , Gaus Dominika , Dirks Wilhelm G. , Ganem Don , Jochmann Ramona 
Published: September 2012

AbstractKaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an endothelial cell‐derived tumor. Investigations of the molecular mechanisms of KS pathogenesis and the identification of drugs for treatment of KS depend critically on valid cell‐culture models. Two major immortalized cell lines are available for KS research. Recently, the KS cell line KS Y‐1 has been shown to be cross‐contaminated with the T24 urinary bladder cancer cell line (ATCC HTB‐4). Here, we show by short tandem repeat profiling that the second KS cell line, SLK, is indistinguishable from the clear‐cell renal‐cell carcinoma cell line Caki‐1. Immunocytochemical detection of cytokeratin expression confirmed the epithelial‐cell origin of SLK cells. Our findings indicate that SLK cells are not of endothelial origin and should not be used in future studies as a model for KS‐derived endothelial tumor cells. We suggest that in the future, more attention needs to be paid to the authenticity of cells in lines derived from human tissues.
Proteomic analysis of mitochondria from infantile hemangioma endothelial cells treated with sodium morrhuate and its liposomal formulation
Authors: Tu Jun‐bo , Dong Qiang , Hu Xiao‐yi , Jiang Fei , Ma Rui‐zhao , He Lin‐ying , Yang Zhuang‐qun 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHemangioma is the most common benign tumor of infancy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the biological effects of sodium morrhuate (SM) and its liposomal formulation on infantile hemangioma endothelial cells (IHECs). Morphological analysis revealed that exposure to liposomal sodium morrhuate (LSM) preferentially caused apoptotic death in IHECs, manifested as shrunken configuration and formation of apoptotic bodies. In contrast, necrotic death was prominent in IHECs treated with an equal concentration of SM. By means of proteomic analysis and confirmation experiments, we revealed that the apoptosis‐inducing effects of LSM were associated with an upregulation of a set of genes involved in mitochondrial death pathway, including apoptosis‐inducing factor, cytochrome c1, caspase‐8, and lamin B1. In conclusion, our data highlight the proapoptotic activity of LSM in IHECs through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and may provide a promising avenue to treat hemangiomas of infancy. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:374–380, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21436
The Pi‐Nature of Methyl Obtained by the Natural Bond Orbital Method: Orbital‐Based Rationalizations of Site‐Dependent Substitution Effects on Fine Color‐Tuning of Luminescence
Authors: Su Wei‐Lin , Wang Cheng‐Chi , Wang Shao‐Pin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBoth C‐H bonding and antibonding (σCH and σ*CH) of a methyl group would contribute to the highest occupied or lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO or LUMO) in methylated derivatives of Ir(ppz)23iq (ppz = 1‐phenylpyrazole and 3iq = isoquinoline‐3‐carboxylate). This is found by analysis of HOMO (or LUMO) formed by linear combination of bond orbitals using the natural bond orbital (NBO) method. The elevated level of HOMO (or LUMO) uniformly found for each methylated derivative, indicating the σCH‐destabilization outweighs the σ*CH‐stabilization. To broaden the HOMO‐LUMO gap, methylation at a carbon having smaller contribution to HOMO and/or larger contribution to LUMO is suggested.
Preparation of ZnIn2S4 Film Electrodes by the SILAR Technique
Authors: Yin Jianbo , Jia Junhong , Yi Gewen , Wang Liqiang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNanostructured ternary zinc indium sulfide (ZnIn2S4, ZIS) thin film electrodes were fabricated on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) technique. New procedures for the growth of ZIS films are presented. The X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) results show that the ZIS films are hexagonal structure and the band gap of the as‐prepared ZIS films is 2.5 eV. The photocurrent response of the films shows that the ZIS demonstrates the typical characteristic of n‐type semiconductor materials and the average response photocurrent of ZIS thin film is almost two times as high as that of ZnS.
Effect of Pressure on Activation–Deactivation Equilibrium Constants for ATRP of Methyl Methacrylate
Authors: Morick Joachim , Buback Michael , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAtom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) rate for methyl methacrylate (MMA) in acetonitrile solution has been measured up to 2500 bar. The increase in rate, by up to two orders of magnitude for the CuBr/Me6TREN system, is not compromised by an increase in dispersity. Activation–deactivation equilibrium constants were measured for MMA, KATRP, and for two monomer‐free model systems, KEBiB, and KPMMABr, with Me6TREN, TPMA, PMDETA, and HMTETA being the ligands. KATRP and KEBiB agree within one order of magnitude for Me6TREN and TPMA, but differ by about two orders of magnitude for PMDETA and HMTETA, whereas KATRP and KPMMABr are close to each other for PMDETA and HMTETA. The observations indicate an important role of back‐strain effects in ATRP of MMA.
Efficient Curing of Vinyl Carbonates by Thiol‐Ene Polymerization
Authors: Mautner Andreas , Qin Xiaohua , Kapeller Barbara , Russmueller Guenter , Koch Thomas , Stampfl Juergen , Liska Robert 
Published: September 2012

AbstractVinyl carbonates have recently been identified as a suitable alternative to (meth)acrylates, especially due to the low irritancy and cytotoxicity of these monomers. The drawback of some vinyl carbonates containing abstractable hydrogens arises through their moderate reactivity compared with acrylates. Within this paper, we use the thiol‐ene concept to enhance the photoreactivity of vinyl carbonates to a large extent to reach the level of those of similar acrylates. Mechanical properties of the final thiol‐ene polymers were determined by nanoindentation. Furthermore, low toxicity of all components was confirmed by osteoblast cell culture experiments.
Effect of layering pattern on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of jute/bagasse hybrid fiber‐reinforced epoxy novolac composites
Authors: Saw Sudhir Kumar , Sarkhel Gautam , Choudhury Arup 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this study, randomly oriented short jute/bagasse hybrid fiber‐reinforced epoxy novolac composites were prepared by keeping the relative volume ratio of jute and bagasse of 1:3 and the total fiber loading 0.40 volume fractions. The effect of jute fiber hybridization and different layering pattern on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of jute/bagasse hybrid fiber‐reinforced epoxy novolac composites was investigated. The hybrid fiber‐reinforced composites exhibited fair water absorption and thickness swelling properties. To investigate the effect of layering pattern on thermomechanical behavior of hybrid composites, the storage modulus and loss factor were determined using dynamic mechanical analyzer from 30 to 200°C at a frequency of 1 Hz. The fracture surface morphology of the tensile samples of the hybrid composites was performed by using scanning electron microscopy. The morphological features of the composites were well corroborated with the mechanical properties. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated an increase in thermal stability of pure bagasse composites with the incorporation of jute fibers. The incorporation of hybrid fibers results better improvement in both thermal and dimensional stable compared with the pure bagasse fiber composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Coupling of a High‐resolution Monoamine Oxidase‐A Inhibitor Assay and HPLC–SPE–NMR for Advanced Bioactivity Profiling of Plant Extracts
Authors: Grosso Clara , Jäger Anna K. , Staerk Dan 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionDepression is a mental disease causing large personal and socio‐economic problems, and new improved drugs are therefore needed. Selective monoamine oxidase A (MAO‐A) inhibitors are potential anti‐depressants, but discovering new MAO‐A inhibitors from natural sources by bioassay‐guided approaches are a lengthy and time‐consuming process. New analytical technologies that allow simultaneously chemical and biological screening of extracts are therefore urgently needed.MethodIn the present study we describe coupling of a photometric microplate‐based high‐resolution MAO‐A inhibitor assay with a hyphenated system consisting of high‐performance liquid chromatography, solid‐phase extraction and tube transfer nuclear magnetic resonance (HPLC–SPE–ttNMR). The standard compound clorgyline, and an extract of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.), representing a complex plant matrix, were used for proof‐of‐concept.ResultsThe work with clorgyline showed that the microplate‐based high‐resolution assay produced MAO‐A inhibition profiles that easily allowed detection of submicrogram amounts of this selective MAO‐A inhibitor. Furthermore, the HPLC–SPE–ttNMR/high‐resolution MAO‐A inhibition assay platform allowed identification of piperine and two piperine analogues as the main MAO‐A inhibitors in the black pepper petroleum ether extract.ConclusionThe HPLC–SPE–ttNMR/high‐resolution MAO‐A inhibition assay platform is a powerful tool for fast and efficient identification of new MAO‐A inhibitors from complex extracts, and promise future advancement in the search for new anti‐depressants from natural sources. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rate‐ and temperature‐dependent strain hardening of polycarbonate
Authors: Senden D. J. A. , Krop S. , van Dommelen J. A. W. , Govaert L. E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe modeling and quantification of a viscous contribution to strain hardening is discussed. Traditional strain hardening models, based on rubber‐elasticity, show serious deviations from the experimentally observed large‐strain response of glassy polymers. Therefore, to capture both the strain rate and temperature dependence of strain hardening correctly, a part of the rubber‐elastic strain hardening is replaced with a viscous contribution. This is realized by introducing a deformation‐dependent viscosity in the Eindhoven Glassy Polymer model. Verification of the accuracy of the model proposed is done using a set of uniaxial compression tests on polycarbonate at different strain rates and temperatures. An accurate description of all experimental data results and, moreover, the model quantitatively captures the Bauschinger effect observed in oriented polycarbonate. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
In(Ga)As/GaAs site‐controlled quantum dots with tailored morphology and high optical quality
Authors: Schneider Christian , Huggenberger Alexander , Gschrey Manuel , Gold Peter , Rodt Sven , Forchel Alfred , Reitzenstein Stephan , Höfling Sven , Kamp Martin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this article, we describe epitaxial growth and investigations of optical properties of In(Ga)As/GaAs site‐controlled quantum dots (QDs) fabricated on (001)‐oriented GaAs substrates. The QD nucleation is directed by pre‐patterning planar GaAs surfaces with shallow nanoholes. The focus of this work lies on the realization of arrays of site‐controlled QDs (SCQDs) with a tailored morphology and optical properties comparable to QDs fabricated on planar substrates. By maximizing the migration length during QD deposition, we were able to increase the QD pitches to values exceeding device dimensions of typical semiconductor microresonators. The introduction of a seeding layer in our growth scheme allows us to extend the vertical distance between the QDs and the etched nucleation centres to about 20 nm without suffering from nanoholes being occupied by multiple QDs. Furthermore, the extended distance between the QD layer and the re‐growth interface allows us to preserve excellent optical properties of the single QDs as probed in photoluminescence with an average single QD related linewidth of 133 µeV and minimum values as low as 25 µeV for non‐resonant excitation. The high yield of optically active QDs on the pre‐defined nucleation positions is studied by cathodoluminescence (CL) with high spatial resolution. We find emission from single SCQDs on more than 90% of the nucleation centres, which is a pre‐requisite for any scalable QD‐device fabrication scheme.
Effects of sequential or simultaneous assimilation of observations and localization methods on the performance of the ensemble Kalman filter
Authors: Holland Brian , Wang Xuguang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe various implementations of the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) differ from each other in several ways. The effects of these differences are not yet well and completely explored and they include the use of sequential or simultaneous assimilation of observations and the application of localization to the observation error covariance matrix (R‐localization) or the background error covariance matrix (B‐localization). This study seeks to examine and better understand the effects of these differences, both individually and in combination. To that end, a B‐localized sequential scheme, a B‐localized simultaneous scheme, an R‐localized sequential scheme and an R‐localized simultaneous scheme are compared using a primitive equation two‐layer model with simulated observations and an imperfect model assumption. The comparisons in initial assimilation experiments show that the use of sequential or simultaneous assimilation and R‐/B‐localization impacts the accuracy of the EnKF analyses and forecasts. Diagnostic experiments show that the schemes generate different amounts of imbalance in the analysis as a result of systematic differences among the schemes in height gradient and wind increments. These disparities in analysis balance translate into accuracy differences during the subsequent forecast and analysis steps. Additional simplified experiments suggest that the differences caused by the sequential or simultaneous assimilation and the R‐/B‐localization are a function of the characteristic shape of the background error covariances in the model system. Several elements of the forecast‐assimilation system including the use of digital filter initialization, the number and type of observations, the ensemble size and the ratio of forecast error to observation error are identified that can significantly increase or decrease the magnitude of the observed differences caused by sequential or simultaneous assimilation and the R‐/B‐localization. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Observational evidence for the mechanism of the poleward propagation of zonal wind anomalies over the North Atlantic
Authors: Yuan Jiacan , Lee Sukyoung , Tan Benkui 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study examines the physical mechanisms that drive the poleward propagation of zonal‐mean flow anomalies over the North Atlantic during the boreal winter with ECMWF ERA40 reanalysis data that spans the years 1958–2001. An empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis is performed on the zonal wind anomalies for the North Atlantic domain. Based on time‐lag correlations between the first two EOFs, 14 poleward propagation events are identified.A series of lagged composite calculations of the poleward propagation events reveals the following processes: midlatitude synoptic‐scale Rossby waves propagate equatorward and break when they encounter their critical latitudes in the Tropics and Subtropics; a new critical latitude is generated slightly poleward of the previous critical latitude, and the subsequent wave breaking occurs at this new critical latitude. This interaction between the wave breaking and the critical latitude drives the poleward propagation of zonal‐mean zonal wind anomaly. A comparison between the poleward propagation events and zonal index events indicates that the poleward propagation is associated with a relatively weak potential vorticity gradient over the Subtropics. These North Atlantic poleward propagation events are found to be preceded by anomalously strong transient eddy activity over the subtropical North Pacific, and by anomalously weak tropical convection over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Amazon. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
Disaster Curricula in Medical Education: Pilot Survey
Authors: Smith Jared , Levy Matthew J. , Hsu Edbert B. , Lee Levy J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntroductionAn understanding of disaster medicine and the health care system during mass-casualty events is vital to a successful disaster response, and has been recommended as an integral part of the medical curriculum by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). It has been documented that medical students do not believe that they have received adequate training for responding to disasters. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the inclusion of disaster medicine in the required course work of medical students at AAMC schools in the United States, and to identify the content areas addressed.MethodsAn electronic on-line survey was developed based upon published core competencies for health care workers, and distributed via e-mail to the education liaison for each medical school in the United States that was accredited by the AAMC. The survey included questions regarding the inclusion of disaster medicine in the medical school curricula, the type of instruction, and the content of instruction.ResultsOf the 29 (25.2%) medical schools that completed the survey, 31% incorporated disaster medicine into their medical school curricula. Of those schools that included disaster medicine in their curricula, 20.7% offered disaster material as required course work, and 17.2% offered it as elective course work. Disaster medicine topics provided at the highest frequency included pandemic influenza/severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS, 27.5%), and principles of triage (10.3%). The disaster health competency included most frequently was the ability to recognize a potential critical event and implement actions at eight (27.5%) of the responding schools.ConclusionsOnly a small percentage of US medical schools currently include disaster medicine in their core curriculum, and even fewer medical schools have incorporated or adopted competency-based training within their disaster medicine lecture topics and curricula.>SmithJ, LevyMJ, HsuEB, LevyJL. Disaster curricula in medical education: pilot survey. Prehosp Disaster Med.2012;27(5):1-3.
Mechanical behavior and localized failure modes in a porous basalt from the Azores
Authors: Loaiza S. , Fortin J. , Schubnel A. , Gueguen Y. , Vinciguerra S. , Moreira M. 
Published: September 2012

Basaltic rocks are the main component of the oceanic upper crust, thus of potential interest for water and geothermal resources, storage of CO2and volcanic edifice stability. In this work, we investigated experimentally the mechanical behavior and the failure modes of a porous basalt, with an initial connected porosity of 18%. Results were acquired under triaxial compression experiments at confining pressure in the range of 25–200 MPa on water saturated samples. In addition, a purely hydrostatic test was also performed to reach the pore collapse critical pressure P*. During hydrostatic loading, our results show that the permeability is highly pressure dependent, which suggests that the permeability is mainly controlled by pre‐existing cracks. When the sample is deformed at pressure higher than the pore collapse pressure P*, some very small dilatancy develops due to microcracking, and an increase in permeability is observed. Under triaxial loading, two modes of deformation can be highlighted. At low confining pressure (Pc < 50 MPa), the samples are brittle and shear localization occurs. For confining pressure > 50 MPa, the stress‐strain curves are characterized by strain hardening and volumetric compaction. Stress drops are also observed, suggesting that compaction may be localized. The presence of compaction bands is confirmed by our microstructure analysis. In addition, the mechanical data allows us to plot the full yield surface for this porous basalt, which follows an elliptic cap as previously observed in high porosity sandstones and limestones.
VHF lightning mapping observations of a triggered lightning flash
Authors: Edens H. E. , Eack K. B. , Eastvedt E. M. , Trueblood J. J. , Winn W. P. , Krehbiel P. R. , Aulich G. D. , Hunyady S. J. , Murray W. C. , Rison W. , Behnke S. A. , Thomas R. J. 
Published: September 2012

On 3 August 2010 an extensive lightning flash was triggered over Langmuir Laboratory in New Mexico. The upward positive leader propagated into the storm's midlevel negative charge region, extending over a horizontal area of 13 × 13 km and 7.5 km altitude. The storm had a normal‐polarity tripolar charge structure with upper positive charge over midlevel negative charge. Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) observations were used to estimate positive leader velocities along various branches, which were in the range of 1–3 × 104 m s−1, slower than in other studies. The upward positive leader initiated at 3.4 km altitude, but was mapped only above 4.0 km altitude after the onset of retrograde negative breakdown, indicating a change in leader propagation and VHF emissions. The observations suggest that both positive and negative breakdown produce VHF emissions that can be located by time‐of‐arrival systems, and that not all VHF emissions occurring along positive leader channels are associated with retrograde negative breakdown.
Short large‐amplitude magnetic structures (SLAMS) at Venus
Authors: Collinson G. A. , Wilson L. B. , Sibeck D. G. , Shane N. , Zhang T. L. , Moore T. E. , Coates A. J. , Barabash S. 
Published: September 2012

We present the first observation of magnetic fluctuations consistent with short large‐amplitude magnetic structures (SLAMS) in the foreshock of the planet Venus. Three monolithic magnetic field spikes were observed by theVenus Expresson 11 April 2009. The structures were ∼1.5–11 s in duration, had magnetic compression ratios between ∼3 and 6, and exhibited elliptical polarization. These characteristics are consistent with the SLAMS observed at Earth, Jupiter, and Comet Giacobini‐Zinner, and thus we hypothesize that it is possible SLAMS may be found at any celestial body with a foreshock.