bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EDZ characterization with surface wave analysis: an experimental and numerical study for defining feasibility in the context of the Tournemire platform (France)
Authors: Leparoux Donatienne , Côte Philippe , Gélis Céline 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe assessment of an Excavating Damaged Zone (EDZ) due to underground works is important in the context of radioactive waste disposal within a geological formation. Seismic surveys can provide, in a non‐destructive manner, information directly related to the mechanical properties of this damaged zone. However, the classical refraction method is unusable for galleries where a concrete layer caps the top surface. Moreover, other possible seismic methods like surface wave analysis can become complex to implement in such a context since guided waves are present and pass through a high‐velocity concrete layer. For these reasons, the present paper will focus on an experimental feasibility study of the MASW (Multi Channel Analysis of Surface Waves) method for assessing an EDZ below a concrete layer in the specific context of the Tournemire experimental platform, which was drilled into an argillaceous formation in the Aveyron department of central France. This facility is operated by IRSN (French institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety). This experimental study has been conducted in conjunction with a modelling results analysis. During an initial stage, the measurements carried out in situ are analysed and it is demonstrated that a receiving profile longer than 8 m is required to distinguish the various modes. Moreover, the comparison of a hammer source and a sweep signal generated by a vibrator source shows that the latter is more appropriate when building the dispersion diagram, particularly for fundamental and first higher mode curves. A second stage shows that according to the analysis of theoretical curves for profiles with similar seismic velocities of the Tournemire platform medium, the dispersion curves are sensitive to EDZ characteristics. In the paper‐s final part, the dispersion curves obtained from the experimental seismic data are inverted using a global approach. Results of the inversion of the fundamental mode only and of both the fundamental mode and the first higher mode are commented upon, evidencing an improved quality for this last approach.
Adora2b Adenosine Receptor Signaling Protects during Acute Kidney Injury via Inhibition of Neutrophil-Dependent TNF-α Release
Authors: Grenz Almut , Kim Jae-Hwan , Bauerle Jessica D. , Tak Eunyoung , Eltzschig Holger K. , Clambey Eric T. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Renal ischemia is among the leading causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). Previous studies have shown that extracellular adenosine is a prominent tissue-protective cue elicited during ischemia, including signaling events through the adenosine receptor 2b (Adora2b). To investigate the functional role of Adora2b signaling in cytokine-mediated inflammatory pathways, we screened wild-type and Adora2b-deficient mice undergoing renal ischemia for expression of a range of inflammatory cytokines. These studies demonstrated a selective and robust increase of TNF-α levels in Adora2b-deficient mice following renal ischemia and reperfusion. Based on these findings, we next sought to understand the contribution of TNF-α on ischemic AKI through a combination of loss- and gain-of-function studies. Loss of TNF-α, through either Ab blockade or study of Tnf-α–deficient animals, resulted in significantly attenuated tissue injury and improved kidney function following renal ischemia. Conversely, transgenic mice with overexpression of TNF-α had significantly pronounced susceptibility to AKI. Furthermore, neutrophil depletion or reconstitution of Adora2b−/− mice with Tnf-α–deficient neutrophils rescued their phenotype. In total, these data demonstrate a critical role of adenosine signaling in constraining neutrophil-dependent production of TNF-α and implicate therapies targeting TNF-α in the treatment of ischemic AKI.
Valuation of Spouse and Survivor Benefits In a Defined Benefit Retirement Plan
Authors: Strangways Raymond , Rubin Bruce L. , Zugelder Michael 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
A search of the forensic economic literature fails to disclose any discussion of the proper methodology for valuing the loss of survivor benefits in a defined benefit retirement plan when a wrongful death event occurs. A first approximation, which might be used to calculate a widow's loss of retirement benefits resulting from the wrongful death of her spouse, is the retiree's benefit payments minus his personal consumption (or maintenance allowance) minus the widow's survivor benefit, if there is one.
Economic analysis reveals that while the actual payment to the retiree includes the spouse's benefit if the retiree does survive, it fails to include the spouse's expected survivor benefit in the event that the retiree does not survive. This omitted benefit is significant and should be included in valuing the spouse's expected benefit from the total retirement plan and the widow's loss.
Legal analysis reveals that the widow's benefit is essentially the same as proceeds from privately purchased life insurance, which in common law would be considered a collateral source and protected from disclosure at trial or offset against an award. However, tort reform efforts over the past 30 years have led many states to modify or even repeal the traditional collateral source rules. Therefore, the widow's benefit may or may not be considered in valuing the loss of retirement, depending on the jurisdiction, the cause of death (e.g., medical malpractice), and even the interpretation of the collateral source rules by the trial judge.
If it is determined that the collateral source rule excludes introduction of the survivor benefit, a reasonable alternative for the plaintiff would be to claim the loss as the retiree's gross benefit minus his personal consumption weighted by the joint probability of survival.
A Test of the Increment-Decrement Method of Calculating Worklife Expectancies of Older Females
Authors: Wessels Walter 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Using longitudinal data, the actual worklife of older females is compared to predicted worklife derived with the Increment-Decrement (ID) method. The findings show that the ID method underestimates the worklife of actives, but the error is neither sizable nor significant. On the other hand, the ID method significantly and sizably overestimates the worklives of inactives. This paper finds that actives (those in the labor force) tend to remain more active than implied by their most recent labor force experience and that inactives tend to remain more inactive. This rejects the usual Markov model used in ID analysis for older inactive females and likely explains the errors in the ID estimates of worklives. In addition, it was found that older women in the labor force tend to live longer than those out of the labor force, in contrast to the usual assumption that all have an equal chance of survival.
The Risk and Reward of Investing a Lost Earnings Award: A Comparison of Stocks, Bonds, and Bills
Authors: Nieswiadomy Michael L. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This note analyzes the risk and reward of investing the present value of a 40-year worklife of lost earnings (of $10,000 per year), discounted using rates of returns on various portfolios. Eight portfolios are examined: 100% in Treasury bills; 100% in intermediate-term government bonds; 100% in corporate bonds; four mixtures of the S&P 500, intermediate-term government bonds, and Treasury bills; and 100% in the S&P 500. The rates of return on the portfolios and the growth rate in hourly earnings are randomly selected from a year in the 1965–2010 period. The results of 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations indicate that a 40-year portfolio will face “ruin” roughly 51% to 52% of the time for all portfolios. However, the portfolios differ greatly in the median year of ruin (if ruin occurs), ranging from a high of the 38th year for a 100% Treasury bills portfolio, to the 22nd year for a 100% S&P 500 portfolio. The percent of time that the award greatly enriches (with an ending balance over $1,000,000) the plaintiff varies greatly as well. A 100% S&P 500 portfolio enriches the plaintiff 36.8% of the time; a portfolio of 30% S&P 500, 30% intermediate government bonds, and 40% Treasury bills enriches 14.5% of the time; while a 100% Treasury bills portfolio will virtually never enrich.
The Comprehensive Guide to Lost Profits Damages for Experts and Attorneys, 2011 Edition
Authors: Polhemus Jennifer L. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
This volume has chapters by 26 authors, all CPAs or attorneys, and covers numerous lost profits topics. With content driven largely by legal decisions, the book has a practical focus. Financial experts with limited experience working on commercial damages assignments will find this volume quite helpful. Experienced practitioners can benefit from the chapters addressing special situations such as physician's practices and government contracts.
Urinary Incontinence after Radical Prostatectomy. Neurophysiological and Urodynamic Diagnosis
Authors: Ventimiglia Bernardo , Tsirgiotis Andreas , Panzone Irene , Coco Tiziana , Privitera Salvatore 
Published: October 2012

Objectives. Urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy presents different clinical features. We propose to clarify the etiology and the therapeutic approaches. Methods. 51 patients with urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy underwent urodynamics, perineal EMG, perineal EMG frequency analysis and study of computerized sensory pudendal somatosensory evoked potentials. Results. 18 patients (35%) were suffering from urinary incontinence secondary to overactive bladder, 14 patients (28%) had both an overactive bladder and a sphincter failure associated with Wallerian degenerative axonal neuropathy or segmental demyelination, 3 patients (6%) showed no significant urodynamics alterations but had signs of an incompetent sphincter neurapraxia, while 16 patients (31%) had urinary incontinence secondary to a degenerative neuropathy. Conclusions. Urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy shows an etiologic diversification and therefore requires different therapeutic approaches.
Non-insertive Acupuncture and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: a Case Series from an Inner-city Safety Net Hospital
Authors: Filippelli Amanda C. , White Laura F. , Spellman Lisa W. , Broderick Maria , Highfield Ellen Silver , Sommers Elizabeth , Gardiner Paula 
Published: October 2012

Objective: We report on the safety of non-insertive acupuncture (NIA) in 54 newborns diagnosed with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) in a busy inner-city hospital. Methods: For this case series, a retrospective chart review was conducted. Data on participant demographics, number of NIA treatments, provider referrals, and outcomes of interest (sleeping, feeding, and adverse events) were collected. Results: Of the 54 newborns receiving NIA, 86% were non-Hispanic white; 87% were on Medicaid, and gestational age ranged from 33.2 to 42.1 weeks. Out of 54 chart reviews, a total of 92 NIA sessions were documented ranging from 1 to 6 sessions per infant. Of the total number of treatments (n = 92), 73% were requested by a physician. Chart reviews reported that restless infants calmed down during NIA, babies slept through or fell asleep immediately following NIA, and better feeding was noted following NIA. There were no adverse events noted in the medical records. Conclusions: This retrospective chart review shows potential for the use of NIA as an adjunctive treatment in newborns with NAS symptoms during hospitalization. More research is necessary to study whether the incorporation of NIA can result in positive outcomes in newborns withdrawing from narcotics.
Minimizing immunogenicity of biopharmaceuticals by controlling critical quality attributes of proteins
Authors: van Beers Miranda M. C. , Bardor Muriel 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAdverse immune responses severely hamper the success of biopharmaceutical therapies. Possible clinical consequences include anaphylaxis, reduced drug half‐life and neutralization of the therapeutic protein as well as the endogenous human homologue. Controlling potential triggers of the immune system helps to minimize the immunogenicity of biopharmaceuticals, a crucial consideration in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. This review summarizes the latest advancements that have been made towards insight into the impact of structural characteristics on the immunogenicity of therapeutic proteins. Examples are given to illustrate the role of critical quality attributes, such as protein conformation, glycosylation, chemical modifications and aggregation, in immunogenicity. During the development of biopharmaceutical products, it is important to not just assess the risk for immunogenicity in clinical trials, but to ensure product quality throughout drug design, cell‐line selection, upstream and downstream processing, all the way to to the final product.
Foamlike Porous Spinel MnxCo3−xO4 Material Derived from Mn3[Co(CN)6]2⋅nH2O Nanocubes: A Highly Efficient Anode Material for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Hu Lin , Zhang Ping , Zhong Hao , Zheng Xinrui , Yan Nan , Chen Qianwang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA new facile strategy has been designed to fabricate spinel MnxCo3−xO4 porous nanocubes, which involves a morphology‐conserved and pyrolysis‐induced transformation of Prussian Blue Analogue Mn3[Co(CN)6]2⋅nH2O perfect nanocubes. Owing to the release of CO2 and NxOy in the process of interdiffusion, this strategy can overcome to a large extent the disadvantage of the traditional ceramic route for synthesis of spinels, and MnxCo3−xO4 with foamlike porous nanostructure is effectively obtained. Importantly, when evaluated as an electrode material for lithium‐ion batteries, the foamlike MnxCo3−xO4 porous nanocubes display high specific discharge capacity and excellent rate capability. The improved electrochemical performance is attributed to the beneficial features of the particular foamlike porous nanostructure and large surface area, which reduce the diffusion length for Li+ ions and enhance the structural integrity with sufficient void space for buffering the volume variation during the Li+ insertion/extraction.
Electron Transfer in Dye‐Sensitised Semiconductors Modified with Molecular Cobalt Catalysts: Photoreduction of Aqueous Protons
Authors: Lakadamyali Fezile , Reynal Anna , Kato Masaru , Durrant James R. , Reisner Erwin 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA visible‐light driven H2 evolution system comprising of a RuII dye (RuP) and CoIII proton reduction catalysts (CoP) immobilised on TiO2 nanoparticles and mesoporous films is presented. The heterogeneous system evolves H2 efficiently during visible‐light irradiation in a pH‐neutral aqueous solution at 25 °C in the presence of a hole scavenger. Photodegradation of the self‐assembled system occurs at the ligand framework of CoP, which can be readily repaired by addition of fresh ligand, resulting in turnover numbers above 300 mol H2 (mol CoP)−1 and above 200,000 mol H2 (mol TiO2 nanoparticles)−1 in water. Our studies support that a molecular Co species, rather than metallic Co or a Co‐oxide precipitate, is responsible for H2 formation on TiO2. Electron transfer in this system was studied by transient absorption spectroscopy and time‐correlated single photon counting techniques. Essentially quantitative electron injection takes place from RuP into TiO2 in approximately 180 ps. Thereby, upon dye regeneration by the sacrificial electron donor, a long‐lived TiO2 conduction band electron is formed with a half‐lifetime of approximately 0.8 s. Electron transfer from the TiO2 conduction band to the CoP catalysts occurs quantitatively on a 10 μs timescale and is about a hundred times faster than charge‐recombination with the oxidised RuP. This study provides a benchmark for future investigations in photocatalytic fuel generation with molecular catalysts integrated in semiconductors.
Sulfate‐Selective Binding and Sensing of a Fluorescent [3]Rotaxane Host System
Authors: Langton Matthew J. , Beer Paul D. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe chloride‐templated synthesis of a novel [3]rotaxane, capable of binding anionic guests, and incorporating a naphthalene group for fluorescence sensing is reported. Extensive 1H NMR titration studies were used to probe the anion binding selectivity of the system. The rotaxane selectively recognises sulfate, undergoing an induced conformational change upon sulfate binding to form a 1:1 stoichiometric sandwich‐type complex, concomitant with significant quenching of the fluorescence. Binding of mono‐anionic guests results in the formation of a 2:1 stoichiometric guest–host complex, and a modest enhancement of the emission. Addition of an excess of sulfate in non‐competitive solvent also results in a 2:1 emissive complex.
Functionalized Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica: A Highly Enantioselective Catalyst for the Michael Addition of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to Nitroalkenes
Authors: Liu Ketang , Jin Ronghua , Cheng Tanyu , Xu Xiangming , Gao Fei , Liu Guohua , Li Hexing 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilica with incorporated chiral bis(cyclohexyldiamine)‐based NiII complexes within the silica framework was developed by the co‐condensation of (1R,2R)‐cyclohexyldiamine‐derived silane and ethylene‐bridge silane, followed by the complexation of NiBr2 in the presence of (1R,2R)‐N,N′‐dibenzylcyclohexyldiamine. Structural characterization by XRD, nitrogen sorption, and TEM disclosed its orderly mesostructure, and FTIR and solid‐state NMR spectroscopy demonstrated the incorporation of well‐defined single‐site bis(cyclohexyldiamine)‐based NiII active centers within periodic mesoporous organosilica. As a chiral heterogeneous catalyst, this functionalized periodic mesoporous organosilica showed high catalytic activity and excellent enantioselectivity in the asymmetric Michael addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds to nitroalkenes, comparable to those with homogeneous catalysts. In particular, this heterogeneous catalyst could be recovered easily and reused repeatedly up to nine times without obviously affecting its enantioselectivity, thus showing good potential for industrial applications.
Synthesis of Amino, Azido, Nitro, and Nitrogen‐Rich Azole‐Substituted Derivatives of 1H‐Benzotriazole for High‐Energy Materials Applications
Authors: Srinivas Dharavath , Ghule Vikas D. , Tewari Surya P. , Muralidharan Krishnamurthi 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe amino, azido, nitro, and nitrogen‐rich azole substituted derivatives of 1H‐benzotriazole have been synthesized for energetic material applications. The synthesized compounds were fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR, MS, and elemental analysis. 5‐Chloro‐4‐nitro‐1H‐benzo[1,2,3]triazole (2) and 5‐azido‐4,6‐dinitro‐1H‐benzo[1,2,3]triazole (7) crystallize in the Pca21 (orthorhombic) and P21/c (monoclinic) space group, respectively, as determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Their densities are 1.71 and 1.77 g cm−3, respectively. The calculated densities of the other compounds range between 1.61 and 1.98 g cm−3. The detonation velocity (D) values calculated for these synthesized compounds range from 5.45 to 8.06 km s−1, and the detonation pressure (P) ranges from 12.35 to 28 GPa.
Calix[4]pyrrole‐Based Heteroditopic Ion‐Pair Receptor That Displays Anion‐Modulated, Cation‐Binding Behavior
Authors: Park In‐Won , Yoo Jaeduk , Adhikari Suman , Park Jung Su , Sessler Jonathan L. , Lee Chang‐Hee 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA new ditopic ion‐pair receptor 1 was designed, synthesized, and characterized. Detailed binding studies served to confirm that this receptor binds fluoride and chloride ions (studied as their tetraalkylammonium salts) and forms stable 1:1 complexes in CDCl3. Treatment of the halide‐ion complexes of 1 with Group I and II metal ions (Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+, Mg2+, and Ca2+; studied as their perchlorate salts in CD3CN) revealed unique interactions that were found to depend on both the choice of the added cation and the precomplexed anion. In the case of the fluoride complex [1⋅F]− (preformed as the tetrabutylammonium (TBA+) complex), little evidence of interaction with the K+ ion was seen. In contrast, when this same complex (i.e., [1⋅F]− as the TBA+ salt) was treated with the Li+ or Na+ ions, complete decomplexation of the receptor‐bound fluoride ion was observed. In sharp contrast to what was seen with Li+, Na+, and K+, treating complex [1⋅F]− with the Cs+ ion gave rise to a stable, receptor‐bound ion‐pair complex [Cs⋅1⋅F] that contains the Cs+ ion complexed within the cup‐like cavity of the calix[4]pyrrole, which in turn was stabilized in its cone conformation. Different complexation behavior was observed in the case of the chloride complex [1⋅Cl]−. In this case, no appreciable interaction was observed with Na+ or K+. In addition, treating [1⋅Cl]− with Li+ produces a tightly hydrated dimeric ion‐pair complex [1⋅LiCl(H2O)]2 in which two Li+ ions are bound to the crown moiety of the two receptors. In analogy to what was seen in the case of [1⋅F]−, exposure of [1⋅Cl]− to the Cs+ ion gives rise to an ion‐pair complex [Cs⋅1⋅Cl] in which the cation is bound within the cup of the calix[4]pyrrole. Different complexation modes were also observed when the binding of the fluoride ion was studied by using the tetramethylammonium and tetraethylammonium salts.
Borverbindungen im Schulexperiment
Authors: Lühken Arnim , von der Lahr Linn‐Malena 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNach Gesetzesänderungen ist eine Neu‐Kategorisierung verschiedener Borverbindungen vorgenommen worden, die auch für Experimente im Chemieunterricht relevant sind. Im Besonderen sind dies die häufig verwendeten Verbindungen Borsäure, Dibortrioxid und Borax. Aus Unsicherheit führen Lehrkräfte Versuche mit diesen Chemikalien nun oftmals nicht mehr durch. In diesem Beitrag werden an fünf beispielhaften Schulexperimenten die Möglichkeiten, Grenzen und Alternativen aufgezeigt, wie mit Borverbindungen weiter gearbeitet werden kann und welche Ausweichsubstanzen zur Verfügung stehen.
Nafion‐1,2,3‐Triazole Blend Membranes for High Temperature PEMFCs
Authors: Kim J.‐D. , Jun M.‐S. , Di Vona M. L. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNafion‐1,2,3‐triazole blend membranes were prepared by autoclave (AC) solution processing mixing of Nafion® solution (5% solution in 1‐ and 2‐propanol and H2O) and 1,2,3‐triazole. The blend membranes were very flexible, transparent, homogeneous, and stable even after boiling in water and treatment in 1 M H2SO4. FTIR and NMR results suggested that 1‐ and 2‐propanol of Nafion solution reacted with 1,2,3‐triazole under the catalytic effect of the Nafion's acid side chain. I–V performance of blend membranes was tested using a single membrane electrode assembly (MEA) cell. The cell performance of Nafion‐5 wt.% 1,2,3‐triazole blend membrane was higher than that of the Nafion 112 at cell temperatures over 100 °C indicating that it is possible to use Nafion‐1,2,3‐triazole blend membrane as an electrolyte for high temperature PEMFCs.
Nanoporous PdNi/C Electrocatalyst Prepared by Dealloying High‐Ni‐content PdNi Alloy for Formic Acid Oxidation
Authors: Wang Wei , Ji Shan , Wang Hui , Wang Rongfang 
Published: October 2012

AbstractTo improve the electrochemical performance of Pd‐based catalysts for formic acid oxidation, a carbon supported nanoporous PdNi catalyst is prepared by dealloying high‐Ni‐content PdNi alloy nanoparticles in acid solution. The structure of nanoporous PdNi/C catalyst is characterized by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic results show that the activity of the nanoporous PdNi/C catalyst is higher than that of nonporous Pd/C catalyst. The results demonstrate that the carbon‐supported nanoporous PdNi catalyst has a potential for application in direct formic acid fuel cells.