bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of N-glycosylation in renal betaine transport
Authors: Schweikhard Eva S. , Burckhardt Birgitta C. , Joos Friedericke , Fenollar-Ferrer Cristina , Forrest Lucy R. , Kempson Stephen A. , Ziegler Christine 
Published: September 2015

The osmolyte and folding chaperone betaine is transported by the renal Na+-coupled GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) symporter BGT-1 (betaine/GABA transporter 1), a member of the SLC6 (solute carrier 6) family. Under hypertonic conditions, the transcription, translation and plasma membrane (PM) insertion of BGT-1 in kidney cells are significantly increased, resulting in elevated betaine and GABA transport. Re-establishing isotonicity involves PM depletion of BGT-1. The molecular mechanism of the regulated PM insertion of BGT-1 during changes in osmotic stress is unknown. In the present study, we reveal a link between regulated PM insertion and N-glycosylation. Based on homology modelling, we identified two sites (Asn171 and Asn183) in the extracellular loop 2 (EL2) of BGT-1, which were investigated with respect to trafficking, insertion and transport by immunogold-labelling, electron microscopy (EM), mutagenesis and two-electrode voltage clamp measurements in Xenopus laevis oocytes and uptake of radiolabelled substrate into MDCK (Madin–Darby canine kidney) and HEK293 (human embryonic kidney) cells. Trafficking and PM insertion of BGT-1 was clearly promoted by N-glycosylation in both oocytes and MDCK cells. Moreover, association with N-glycans at Asn171 and Asn183 contributed equally to protein activity and substrate affinity. Substitution of Asn171 and Asn183 by aspartate individually caused no loss of BGT-1 activity, whereas the double mutant was inactive, suggesting that N-glycosylation of at least one of the sites is required for function. Substitution by alanine or valine at either site caused a dramatic loss in transport activity. Furthermore, in MDCK cells PM insertion of N183D was no longer regulated by osmotic stress, highlighting the impact of N-glycosylation in regulation of this SLC6 transporter.
Strong upslope shifts in Chimborazo's vegetation over two centuries since Humboldt
Authors: Morueta-Holme Naia , Engemann Kristine , Sandoval-Acuña Pablo , Jonas Jeremy D. , Segnitz R. Max , Svenning Jens-Christian 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Tropical regions harbor the majority of the world’s biodiversity, but there is debate about whether montane species here are able to track global warming at the same rate as in temperate regions. By following in Humboldt's footsteps and revisiting his pioneering documentation of vegetation elevation ranges, we show that the limit of plant growth has already been strongly pushed upslope. Although the rate of plant range shifts matches that found in other studies, the total magnitude of change in vegetation and glacier coverage on Chimborazo is larger than expected from warming temperatures alone.
The B-cell antigen receptor integrates adaptive and innate immune signals
Authors: Otipoby Kevin L. , Waisman Ari , Derudder Emmanuel , Srinivasan Lakshmi , Franklin Andrew , Rajewsky Klaus 
Published: September 2015

SignificanceClonal expansion of antigen-specific B cells during an immune response is necessary for effective antibody production. B cells must integrate signals from their clonally restricted B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) and from nonclonal coreceptors that provide contextual cues to the nature of the antigen. How this is accomplished is unclear. We found that B cells require expression of the BCR for mitogenic responses triggered by coreceptors that recognize innate or T-cell-derived signals. The signaling pathway used by the BCR to license coreceptor-induced proliferation is similar to the previously described BCR-dependent survival signal and, thus, couples B-cell survival and mitogenic responses in an unexpected manner that may have implications for B-cell lymphomagenesis.
PyPDB: a Python API for the Protein Data Bank
Authors: Gilpin William 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Summary: We have created a Python programming interface for the RCSB Protein Data Bank (PDB) that allows search and data retrieval for a wide range of result types, including BLAST and sequence motif queries. The API relies on the existing XML-based API and operates by creating custom XML requests from native Python types, allowing extensibility and straightforward modification. The package has the ability to perform many types of advanced search of the PDB that are otherwise only available through the PDB website.
Availability and implementation: PyPDB is implemented exclusively in Python 3 using standard libraries for maximal compatibility. The most up-to-date version, including iPython notebooks containing usage tutorials, is available free-of-charge under an open-source MIT license via GitHub at https://github.com/williamgilpin/pypdb, and the full API reference is at http://williamgilpin.github.io/pypdb_docs/html/. The latest stable release is also available on PyPI.
Contact: wgilpin@stanford.edu
The rise and fall of stand-alone social reporting in a multinational subsidiary in Bangladesh
Authors: Belal Ataur , Owen David L 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the underlying drivers for the development and subsequent discontinuation of stand-alone corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting in a multinational subsidiary in Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research approach employed for this purpose is a case study using evidence from a series of in-depth interviews conducted during the period 2002-2010. Interview data are supplemented by examining other sources of information including annual reports, stand-alone social reports and relevant newspaper articles during the study period.

Findings
– It appears that the stand-alone CSR reporting process was initiated to give the subsidiary a formal space in which to legitimise its activities in Bangladesh where both tobacco control regulation and a strong anti-tobacco movement were gaining momentum. At the start of the process in 2002 corporate interviewees were very receptive of this initiative and strongly believed that it would not be a one off exercise. However, in the face of subsequent significant national policy shifts concerning tobacco control, irreconcilable stakeholder demands and increasing criticism of the CSR activities of the organisation at home and abroad the process was brought to an abrupt end in 2009.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper has a number of implications for policy makers concerning the future prospects for stand-alone social/sustainability reporting as a means of enhancing organisational transparency and accountability. In addition the paper discusses a number of theoretical implications for the development of legitimacy theory.

Originality/value
– Using the lens of legitimacy the paper theorises the circumstances leading to the initiation and subsequent cessation of CSR reporting in the organisation concerned. As far as the authors know this is the first study which theorises and provides significant fieldwork-based empirical evidence regarding the discontinuation of stand-alone social reporting by a multinational company operating in a developing country. Thus, it extends previous desk-based attempts at using legitimacy theory to explain a decrease (or discontinuity) in CSR disclosures by de Villiers and van Staden (2006) and Tilling and Tilt (2010).
Does stakeholder pressure influence corporate GHG emissions reporting? Empirical evidence from Europe
Authors: Liesen Andrea , Hoepner Andreas G. , Patten Dennis M. , Figge Frank 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to seek to shed light on the practice of incomplete corporate disclosure of quantitative Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and investigates whether external stakeholder pressure influences the existence, and separately, the completeness of voluntary GHG emissions disclosures by 431 European companies.Design/methodology/approach– A classification of reporting completeness is developed with respect to the scope, type and reporting boundary of GHG emissions based on the guidelines of the GHG Protocol, Global Reporting Initiative and the Carbon Disclosure Project. Logistic regression analysis is applied to examine whether proxies for exposure to climate change concerns from different stakeholder groups influence the existence and/or completeness of quantitative GHG emissions disclosure.Findings– From 2005 to 2009, on average only 15 percent of companies that disclose GHG emissions report them in a manner that the authors consider complete. Results of regression analyses suggest that external stakeholder pressure is a determinant of the existence but not the completeness of emissions disclosure. Findings are consistent with stakeholder theory arguments that companies respond to external stakeholder pressure to report GHG emissions, but also with legitimacy theory claims that firms can use carbon disclosure, in this case the incomplete reporting of emissions, as a symbolic act to address legitimacy exposures.Practical implications– Bringing corporate GHG emissions disclosure in line with recommended guidelines will require either more direct stakeholder pressure or, perhaps, a mandated disclosure regime. In the meantime, users of the data will need to carefully consider the relevance of the reported data and develop the necessary competencies to detect and control for its incompleteness. A more troubling concern is that stakeholders may instead grow to accept less than complete disclosure.Originality/value– The paper represents the first large-scale empirical study into the completeness of companies’ disclosure of quantitative GHG emissions and is the first to analyze these disclosures in the context of stakeholder pressure and its relation to legitimation.
Differences in organizational web site design across cultures
Authors: Wang Valerie , Lou Hao , Wang Yong , Guo Chiquan 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to compare organizational web site design attributes between US and Chinese small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approach– The study uses 18 web site design variables identified by previous research.Findings– The results show that US and Chinese SME corporate web sites have both similarities and differences in terms of web site design attributes. The design differences are not much affected by the impacts of macro-economy and technology gaps. However, US and Chinese SMEs may differ in terms of their marketing practices and cultural orientations, and as a result, web site design attributes still remain significantly different.Originality/value– Marketing and cultural factors are found to be important determinants in SMEs’ organizational web site design across the two countries.
Benefits, criteria and activities of supplier development: a categorical literature review
Authors: Dalvi Manojkumar Vithalrao , Kant Ravi 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– Supplier development (SD) is a kind of collaboration among a buyer and a supplier to seek constant improvement in supplier performance and capabilities to provide better quality, on-time delivery of products and services at lower cost. The purpose of this paper is to exhibit and summarize the important aspects of SD benefits, SD criteria and SD activities.

Design/methodology/approach
– The review of SD aspects is based on 72 papers published from 1991 to till date in academic databases namely Science Direct, Emerald, Springer-Link Journals and IEEE Xplore with “supplier development” and “vendor development” as keywords.

Findings
– Through the literature review, this paper brings up the analysis of aforementioned aspect of SD in detail and put forth 43 SD benefits, 23 SD criteria and 9 SD activities. This paper also presents the important SD benefits, SD criteria and SD activities based on the occurrence in literature.

Research limitations/implications
– The literature on practical difficulties for implementation of SD activities, and trade-off between benefits and risk associated with SD activities are seldom available.

Originality/value
– This paper presents a literature review on three crucial aspects namely SD benefits, SD criteria and SD activities. The SD benefits, SD criteria and SD activities are identified according to their level of importance. The main contribution of this paper is to draw together three above mentioned important aspects of SD.
Measuring attitudes toward plagiarism: issues and psychometric solutions
Authors: Ehrich John , Howard Steven , Tognolini James , Bokosmaty Sahar 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to address the issue of failing to psychometrically test questionnaire instruments when measuring university students’ attitudes towards plagiarism. These issues are highlighted by a psychometric evaluation of a commonly used (but previously untested) plagiarism attitudinal scale.

Design/methodology/approach
– The importance of psychometric testing is shown through an analysis of a commonly used scale using modern techniques (e.g. Rasch analysis) on 131 undergraduate education students at an Australian university.

Findings
– Psychometric analysis revealed the scale to be unreliable in its present form. However, when reduced to an eight-item subscale it became marginally reliable.

Research limitations/implications
– The main implication of this paper is that questionnaire instruments cannot be assumed to function as they are intended without thorough psychometric testing.

Practical implications
– The paper offers valuable insight into the psychometric properties of a previously untested but commonly used plagiarism attitudinal scale.

Originality/value
– The paper offers a straightforward and easy to understand introduction to researchers in higher education who use questionnaires/surveys in their research but lack an understanding of why psychometric testing is so critical. While similar papers have been written in other fields which advocate psychometric approaches, such as Rasch analysis, this has not been the case in higher educational research (or mainstream educational research for that matter).
The use of eportfolios as a pedagogical tool for leadership preparation and development in education
Authors: Giles David , Bell Michael 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– A critical function of leadership formation is the leader’s deepening sensitivity, reflexivity, and self-reflection on one’s own, and others, practice. A particular tool that has potential to support such endeavour is the eportfolio (EP) (currently referred to as a personal learning space). The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– The paper presents a personal report from a collaborative self-study which focused on the usefulness and potential of EPs as a tool for leadership formation that might: first, support learning enquiries, second, enable contemplative thinking and reflection, and third, coordinate personal representations of “who” we are.Findings– Having engaged as academics in a collaborative quest to embrace the technology of EPs in the everyday professional lives, while also critiquing the influence and power of the tool, the authors present a personal position for the use of EPs in leadership programmes as well as some critical dimensions that appear to awaken and enable self-reflective practices.Originality/value– As a tool which can enable leadership formation, EPs can evoke individual and collective voice within a generative and shared space.
Crowding at the frontier: boundary spanners, gatekeepers and knowledge brokers
Authors: Haas Aurore 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to contribute to defining the concepts of boundary spanner, gatekeeper and knowledge broker.Design/methodology/approach– A review of the literature covering more than 100 sources.Findings– A review of past research leads to proposing a set of new definitions and also to the detection of six research avenues.Originality/value– The ability of organizations to recognize, source and integrate key information or knowledge is important for their strategy, innovation and performance over time. Three types of individuals have information gathering and knowledge dissemination roles at the frontier of organizations and groups: boundary spanners, gatekeepers and knowledge brokers. Although research on these individuals is well-developed, we found that in practice, the definitions of the concepts overlap and still need a clarification. So far, no systematic comparison of these roles has been undertaken.
Outsourcing of strategic resources and capabilities: opposing choices in the commercial aircraft manufacturing
Authors: Beaugency Aurelie , Sakinç Mustafa Erdem , Talbot Damien 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to address the questions of different outsourcing strategies between Airbus and Boeing and point out the theoretical limits of the resource-based view (RBV) approach that must be broadened with a finance perspective. Owing to the complexity of systems, the aircraft industry is nowadays structured around a well-organised value chain of product development and manufacturing. However, according to the RBV, capabilities attached to some systems and components are strategic resources and must be kept in house to maintain competitive advantage. In commercial aircraft avionics, critical systems such as flight controls fall directly under this rule, due to substantial risks of passenger safety they deal with.Design/methodology/approach– This study is based on two comparative studies concerning the A330/340 and A350 programmes at Airbus and their equivalents at Boeing, the B777 and the B787. The data are both primary (financial and patent data) and secondary (semi-structured interviews and documentation.Findings– The main result highlights the limits of the RBV model to understand why Airbus has chosen to re-internalise the development and production of flight control systems contrary to Boeing. For both, cost reduction is the main objective of outsourcing, but European firms are more careful with critical resources. The financialisation of aircraft manufacturers’ strategies is another explanatory factor relevant to understand why Boeing outsources strategic resources such as flight controls.Research limitations/implications– The authors demonstrate the potential of multiplication of research methods to address a question. Second, they try to bring together different theories in a preliminary effort, which gives them some promising stuffy perspective for future works.Practical implications– By addressing both the RBV and the financialisation perspectives, the authors provide an interesting view of the COmplex Products and Systems (CoPS) challenges.Social implications– The findings of this research must provide key of interpretation for business managers, which may consider the two faces, knowledge management and financial, to explain corporate performance.Originality/value– Several originalities are relevant in this work. From a methodological point of view, the authors offer a comparison between the two main players of commercial aircraft manufacturing, an oligopolistic industry. Second, the data they choose to rely on are both qualitative and quantitative to strengthen the results. Third, at a micro level, this study is original in its approach of linking outsourcing to financialisation.
Learning from complex and heterogeneous experiences: the role of knowledge codification
Authors: Echajari Loubna , Thomas Catherine 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study organizational learning from complex and heterogeneous experiences. According to March (2010), this kind of high intellect learning is difficult to accomplish because it requires deliberate investments in knowledge transfer and creation. Zollo and Winter (2002) emphasized how knowledge codification can facilitate this process, as long as it is “well-performed”. However, knowledge management scholars have yet to explore what is meant by well-performed codification and how to achieve it.Design/methodology/approach– This paper addresses this gap and provides a conceptual analysis based on two related but previously disconnected research areas: organizational learning and knowledge management.Findings– This paper contributes to the literature in three ways. First, a new understanding of different types of experiences and their effects on learning is proposed. Then the codification process using a critical realist paradigm to overcome the epistemological boundaries of knowledge versus knowing is discussed; in doing so, it is shown that codification can take different forms to be “well-performed”. Finally, appropriate codification strategies based on experience type are identified.Originality/value– The abstraction-oriented codification outlined in this paper runs counter to the logic of concrete codification that dominates both theory and practice. Thus, going beyond the traditional debate on the degree of codification (i.e. should knowledge be fully codified or just partly codified), this paper introduced a new debate about the appropriate degree of abstraction.
SECI and inter-organizational and intercultural knowledge transfer: a case-study of controversies around a project of co-operation between France and China in the health sector
Authors: Lievre Pascal , Tang Jing 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to study the obstacles to knowledge transfer between organizations belonging to different cultures by making use of the socialization–externalization – combination – internalization (SECI) model. The contribution made by this paper is in the use of the SECI model for studying this type of issue. Although it recognizes the epistemological duality between tacit and explicit knowledge, the traditional literature had not adopted this theoretical structure. The explanation for this is an excessively simplistic interpretation of the SECI model in its 1995 version together with a lack of knowledge about Nonaka’s more recent works – Nonakaet al.(2008).Design/methodology/approach– The authors use a comparative case study opposing a failure and a success, and rely on Latour controversies to account for the context and contradictions. One of the authors worked for five years as a mediator in these projects and adopted the reflective practitioner posture of Schön.Findings– Using the SECI model is relevant for studying this question. The results obtained converge with the literature and mark the SECI’s first stage – socialization – as an operation of major importance. The authors show that the failure in knowledge transfer is due to a deficit of socialization, as the lack of prolonged situations of co-presence of the actors, i.e. the lack of shared context, impedes knowledge conversion.Research limitations/implications– To go further, conditions of the socialization context must be better specified and developed. Second, cases in other areas than the health sector to observe the circulation of knowledge could be developed.Practical implications– The findings suggest ways for managers to fight against knowledge transfer barriers in multicultural contexts, relying on the socialization process.Social implications– Accounting for the problem of knowledge transfer in a multicultural context through the SECI model, which focusses on the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge, opens a fruitful line of reflexion. It would organize trips for French managers in China with a strong intercultural dimension.Originality/value– Accounting for the problem of knowledge transfer in a multi culural context through the SECI model, which focusses on the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge, opens a fruitful line of reflexion.