bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient perceptions of patient‐centred care: empirical test of a theoretical model
Authors: Rathert Cheryl , Williams Eric S. , McCaughey Deirdre , Ishqaidef Ghadir 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimPatient perception measures are gaining increasing interest among scholars and practitioners. The aim of this study was to empirically examine a conceptual model of patient‐centred care using patient perception survey data.BackgroundPatient‐centred care is one of the Institute of Medicine's objectives for improving health care in the 21st century. Patient interviews conducted by the Picker Institute/Commonwealth Fund in the 1980s resulted in a theoretical model and survey questions with dimensions and attributes patients defined as patient‐centered.MethodThe present study used survey data from patients with overnight visits at 142 U.S. hospitals.ResultsRegression analysis found significant support for the theoretical model. Perceptions of emotional support had the strongest relationship with overall care ratings. Coordination of care, and physical comfort were strongly related as well.ConclusionUnderstanding how patients experience their care can help improve understanding of what patients believe is patient‐centred, and of how care processes relate to important patient outcomes.
A fractal dimensional approach to successful evaluation of apical healing
Authors: Huang C. C. , Chen J. C. , Chang Y. C. , Jeng J. H. , Chen C. M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate whether the initial healing of apical radiolucencies 1 year after root canal treatment could be quantitatively identified by the change in fractal dimension (FD) values for the eventually completely healed cases.MethodologyTwenty‐six patients with successful root canal treatment were recruited. All teeth were associated with complete healing either before or at 1 year following treatment (six of 26) or still undergoing healing at 1 year after treatment but completely healed thereafter (20 of 26). Two radiographs were selected for the same patient, one taken before treatment and the other taken 1 year after treatment. Eight regions of interests (ROIs) were selected from each radiograph, two as the experimental group located close to the infected root apex, two as the control group in the healthy bone and the other four in the healthy bone ensuring the image quality.ResultsBased on the FD values of the four ROIs in the healthy bone, the two radiographs were confirmed to have been taken with similar projection angles and exposure. The FD values were shown to significantly increase (P = 0.006) and decrease (P = 0.000) around the root apex and the neighbouring region of the apical lesion, respectively.ConclusionChanges in fractal dimension values may serve as a necessary condition to quantitatively indicate the initial healing status 1 year after root canal treatment.
Effects of cell salvage on erythrocyte 2,3‐disphosphoglycerate and G‐6‐PD levels and phosphatidylserine expression
Authors: Che J. , Tian M. , Ding G. , Huai Q. , Dong P. , Li Y. , Li S. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryIntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of the perioperative cell salvage process to the changes in erythrocyte 2,3‐disphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G‐6‐PD) levels and phosphatidylserine (PS) expression using a self‐control study comparing washed blood with venous blood.MethodsThirty patients undergoing elective heart and blood vessel surgery were enrolled. Blood was collected and processed using a Fresenius continuous autotransfusion system device. 2,3‐DPG and G‐6‐PD activities, as well as PS expression, from both venous and washed red blood cells (RBC) were measured. We also compared these indicators among washed RBC at 6 h, washed RBC at 0 h, and venous RBC.Results2,3‐DPG and G‐6‐PD activities in washed blood at 0 h were significantly higher than in venous RBC (2,3‐DPG, venous vs. washed blood P < 0.05; G‐6‐PD, venous vs. washed blood P < 0.05). Flow cytometry results showed no differences between venous blood and washed RBC at 0 h (n = 23, P > 0.05). 2,3‐DPG activity in washed RBC that were allowed to stand for 6 h decreased compared with that in venous blood (venous vs. washed blood at 6 h P < 0.01), whereas no significant difference was observed in G‐6‐PD activity (venous. vs. washed blood at 6 h P > 0.05).ConclusionCompared with venous RBC, washed RBC from intraoperative cell salvage exhibited good oxygen‐carrying and antioxidant capacities. However, the oxygen‐carrying capacity of washed RBC that were allowed to stand for 6 h was not as good as that of venous RBC. Thus, we suggest that washed RBC that were left to stand for more than 6 h should not be reinfused.
Implementation of clinical pharmacy services at a university hospital in Jordan
Authors: Al-azzam Sayer I , Shara Mohd , Alzoubi Karem H , Almahasneh Fatimah A , Iflaifel Mais H 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Objective
Clinical pharmacy services are still in the early stages of implementation in the Middle East. This study assessed the implementation of clinical pharmacy services at a major university hospital.

Methods
All recommendations and services provided by clinical pharmacists were recorded for a period of 7 months.

Key findings
During the study period a total of 3026 patients were followed up and 10 783 recommendations and services were provided. The physicians' rate of acceptance of clinical pharmacists' recommendations was 69.4%.

Conclusion
The implementation of clinical pharmacy services in this setting was successful and should positively impact patient care.
Progress in pelvic anatomy from the viewpoint of radical prostatectomy
Authors: Hinata Nobuyuki , Sejima Takehiro , Takenaka Atsushi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe procedure of radical prostatectomy has changed rapidly since the introduction of laparoscopic and robotic surgery, which allows for clear, highly magnified visualization. The da Vinci surgical system enables three‐dimensional visualization and makes use of instruments with seven degrees of freedom. Since its introduction, the use of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy has spread rapidly worldwide. However, adaptation to changes in surgical techniques using knowledge of classical pelvic anatomy has been difficult. In this report, we reviewed the progress in knowledge of pelvic anatomy, particularly regarding the cavernous nerves, prostatic fascia, Denonvilliers' fascia, endopelvic fascia, bladder neck and apex of the prostate, with regard to radical prostatectomy.
Foetal and neonatal outcomes in first‐trimester pregnant women exposed to abdominal or lumbar radiodiagnostic procedures without administration of radionucleotides
Authors: Choi J. S. , Han J. Y. , Ahn H. K. , Ryu H. M. , Kim M. Y. , Chung J. H. , An G. H. , Nava‐Ocampo A. A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground/AimLittle is known about exposures to low radiation doses in the first trimester of pregnancy and deterministic adverse effects in the offspring, and risks are extrapolated from catastrophic events or from exposures to radiotherapy. The study aimed to assess the foetal and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women exposed to radiodiagnostic procedures with abdominal or lumbar irradiation.MethodsIn a prospective cohort design, we studied the foetal and neonatal outcomes in 115 singleton pregnant women who required abdominal or lumbar radiodiagnostic procedures without the administration of radionucleotides, and in 527 age‐matched (±2 years) control pregnant women.ResultsIn the exposed group, lumbar spine radiography (33.9%), plain abdominal radiography (16.5%) and upper gastrointestinal tract radiography with abdominal irradiation (15.7%) were the most common radiodiagnostic procedures. Major congenital malformations were identified in two (1.9%) babies born in the exposed group and in two (0.4%) babies born in the control group (odds ratio = 4.7; 95% confidence interval 0.7–33.6; P = 0.15). The rest of the foetal and neonatal outcomes was similar in the two groups except by a marginally higher rate of admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit among babies born to exposed women (odds ratio = 2.9; 95% confidence interval 1.0–9.4; P = 0.06).ConclusionOur results indicate that X‐ray and computed tomography scan exposure involving abdominal irradiation without the administration of radionucleotides is not associated with adverse foetal and neonatal deterministic outcomes. Efforts are required to reduce the use of radiodiagnostic procedures for general check‐ups in childbearing age women.
Human cord blood γδ T cells expressing public Vγ2 chains dominate the response to bisphosphonate plus interleukin‐15
Authors: Cairo Cristiana , Sagnia Bertrand , Cappelli Giulia , Colizzi Vittorio , Leke Rose G. F. , Leke Robert J. , Pauza C. David 
Published: November 2012

SummaryCompared with adults, the circulating Vγ2Vδ2 T‐cell population in cord blood is present at low levels and does not show the strong bias for Vγ2‐Jγ1.2 rearrangements. These features may be a result of limited exposure to stimulatory phosphoantigens, lack of T‐cell‐derived interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) or both. In cord blood mononuclear cell cultures, a single round of stimulation, using aminobisphosphonates to elevate phosphoantigen levels, resulted in expansion of adult‐like Vγ2 chains and accumulation of memory cells with cytotoxic potential. Selection was similar using IL‐2 or myeloid‐derived IL‐15. The Vγ2Vδ2 T cells present in neonates are capable of generating potent immune responses even when relying on IL‐15.
Frequent baked egg ingestion was not associated with change in rate of decline in egg skin prick test in children with challenge confirmed egg allergy
Authors: Tey D. , Dharmage S. C. , Robinson M. N. , Allen K. J. , Gurrin L. C. , Tang M. L. K. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackgroundIt is controversial whether egg‐allergic children should strictly avoid all forms of egg, or if regular ingestion of baked egg will either delay or hasten the resolution of egg allergy.ObjectiveThis is the first study to examine the relationship between frequency of baked egg ingestion and rate of decline in egg skin prick test size in egg‐allergic children.MethodologyThis was a retrospective clinical cohort study. All children with challenge‐proven egg allergy who attended the Royal Children's Hospital Allergy Department 1996–2005 and had at least two egg skin prick tests performed in this period were included (n = 125). Frequency of baked egg ingestion was assessed by telephone questionnaire as follows: (a) frequent (> once per week), (b) regular (> once every 3 months, up to ≤ once per week) or (c) strict avoidance (≤ once every 3 months). The relationship between frequency of baked egg ingestion and rate of decline in egg skin prick test size was examined by multiple linear regression, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsMean rate of decline in egg skin prick test size in all children was 0.7 mm/year (95% CI 0.5–1.0 mm/year). There was no evidence (P = 0.57) that the rate of decline in egg skin prick test size differed between children who undertook frequent ingestion (n = 21, mean 0.4 mm/year, 95% CI −0.3–1.2 mm/year), regular ingestion (n = 37, mean 0.9 mm/year, 95% CI 0.4–1.4 mm/year) or strict avoidance (n = 67, mean 0.7 mm/year, 95% CI 0.4–1.1 mm/year) of baked egg.ConclusionsCompared with strict dietary avoidance, frequent consumption of baked egg was not associated with a different rate of decline in egg skin prick test size in egg‐allergic children.Clinical RelevanceGiven that dietary restrictions can adversely impact on the family, it is reasonable to consider liberalizing baked egg in the diet of egg‐allergic children.
Using FRET to analyse signals controlling cell adhesion and migration
Authors: KEMP‐O'BRIEN K. , PARSONS M. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryCell adhesion and migration are dynamic, complex processes that require tight temporal control of signalling cascades at defined subcellular sites to occur. Decades of research have used biochemical methods to identify numerous signalling pathways that are involved in the coordination of adhesion, membrane protrusion and contractility that all contribute to migration. However, understanding the way in which these signals are controlled within discrete sites in individual cells undergoing migration is essential to enable a clearer understanding of how these pathways are integrated during motility. Recent advances in the generation of fluorescent protein variants have enabled the development of probes to analyse localized changes in protein conformation, activation or interactions in single cells using microscopy. Many of these probes are based on the use of fluorescence resonance energy transfer that permits precise determination of interacting species based on the emission or lifetime properties of the fluorophores involved. Here, we provide an overview of some of the recent studies that have developed such probes and examples of how these biosensors have been used to further our understanding of cell migration signalling.
Measures of Indigenous social capital and their relationship with well‐being
Authors: Biddle Nicholas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjective:  To provide the first estimates of a comprehensive measure of social capital for the Indigenous population and to link the indicators to well‐being.Design:  Observational study‐based.Setting:  Household survey.Participants:  Nationally representative sample of 7823 Indigenous Australians aged 15 years and over who were usual residents of private dwellings.Main outcome measure:  Whether or not the respondent felt happy in the last 4 weeks all or most of the time (happiness), and whether or not they felt so sad that nothing could cheer them up at least a little bit of the time over the same period (sadness).Results:  There were no consistent differences in social capital measures between Indigenous men and women, nor were there consistent differences between the remote and non‐remote population. High levels of social capital were, however, associated with higher subjective well‐being.Conclusion:  Social capital is both an indicator and determinant of well‐being. It was possible to derive an index of social capital for Indigenous Australians that had a strong positive association with self‐reported happiness and a negative association with self‐reported sadness. However, the analysis also showed that there are a set of related domains of social capital, rather than there being a single underlying concept.
Understanding drivers of rural and remote health outcomes: A conceptual framework in action
Authors: Bourke Lisa , Humphreys John S. , Wakerman John , Taylor Judy 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate the usefulness of a conceptual framework to increase the understanding of rural and remote health by applying it to specific rural and remote health scenarios.DesignA conceptual framework was applied to two case studies illustrative of key issues in rural health to reflect different contexts, issues and responses.ResultsApplication of the framework to both case studies highlighted that changes in rural and remote health are diverse. While power was a key element of the framework, the interaction of all framework components underpinned changes.ConclusionThe framework facilitated understanding of change in these rural scenarios and demonstrated that improvement in rural health requires change at both the local and structural levels.
Unintentional paediatric poisoning in rural Victoria: Incidence and admission rates
Authors: Cheng Daryl Ray , Ip Christopher Chi Kit 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveUnintentional paediatric poisoning is one of the leading causes of childhood emergency department presentations in Australia. This study aimed to assess the incidence and hospital admission rates of unintentional paediatric poisonings in rural Victoria.Design setting and participantsA retrospective audit of all paediatric poisonings in an 86‐bed rural Victorian hospital over the period 2000–2010 was conducted. The paediatric age group was classified as 0–14 years per the National Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Plan. Poisonings were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, diagnostic codes ranging from T36‐T65.ResultsTo our knowledge, this is the first article providing a snapshot of paediatric poisoning in rural Victoria. Fifty‐seven cases met eligibility criteria and were analysed. Medicines were the predominant poisoning agent (75.4%), with the predominant agent being paracetamol. More than half of cases (61.3%) were admitted for hospitalisation, with four having complications requiring further intervention or patient transfer. This was significantly higher than previous data and could be due to lack of specialty staff and equipment, differing attitudes of medical staff and longer travel distances. The average length of stay in hospital was 1.31 days. Poisoning by chemicals and agents was low, despite increased availability of farm chemicals. A small proportion of cases were due to venom‐related poisonings.ConclusionAlthough rates of paediatric poisoning seem to be lower in this particular rural setting, admission rates continue to be significantly higher than comparative urban figures. Further research and education is needed to gain a better understanding of this important public health topic
‘Hear our stories’: Child‐rearing practices of a remote Australian Aboriginal community
Authors: Byers Lyn , Kulitja Selina , Lowell Anne , Kruske Sue 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about Australian Aboriginal world views related to child rearing and child development. The aim of this qualitative study was to provide an opportunity for remote Aboriginal families in Central Australia to share what they felt was important for non‐Aboriginal people, working in the same setting, to know about their parenting methods.Design, setting and participantsA descriptive study was carried out in a remote Central Australian community by an Aboriginal and non‐Aboriginal researcher, working in partnership, combining ethnographic and participatory approaches. Eight families with children under five were primary participants. Data were collected through participant observation and informal conversational interviews.FindingsThree main interlinked themes were identified through this research: ‘fitting in’ (integration of children into community life), ‘growing up’ (children's development) and ‘staying strong’ (children's autonomy within a communal social structure). In this community, the development of independence and self‐reliance within a closely nurturing environment are paramount. Children are taught responsibilities and obligations through interaction in community life from birth. Children's growth and development is not linked to chronological time scales. Rather, children are encouraged and praised for their social and emotional maturity as well as physical development, regardless of the age at which milestones are achieved.ConclusionsThis descriptive study provided an opportunity for Aboriginal people in one remote community to share their perspectives about child rearing and child development. It provides some insights into positive child‐rearing practices and perspectives which can assist non‐Aboriginal service providers to work more effectively with Aboriginal families.
Networked remote area dental services: A viable, sustainable approach to oral health care in challenging environments
Authors: Dyson Kate , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the cost effectiveness of a model of remote area oral health service.DesignRetrospective financial analysis.SettingRural and remote primary health services.ParticipantsClinical activity data and associated cost data relating to the provision of a networked visiting oral health service by the Centre for Rural and Remote Oral Health formed the basis of the study data frameset. The cost‐effectiveness of the Centre's model of service provision at five rural and remote sites in Western Australia during the calendar years 2006, 2008 and 2010 was examined in the study.Main Outcome MeasuredCalculations of the service provision costs and value of care provided were made using data records and the Fee Schedule of Dental Services for Dentists. The ratio of service provision costs to the value of care provided was determined for each site and was benchmarked against the equivalent ratios applicable to large scale government sector models of service provision.Results and ConclusionThe use of networked models have been effective in other disciplines but this study is the first to show a networked hub and spoke approach of five spokes to one hub is cost efficient in remote oral health care. By excluding special cost‐saving initiatives introduced by the Centre, the study examines easily translatable direct service provision costs against direct clinical care outcomes in some of Australia's most challenging locations. This study finds that networked hub and spoke models of care can be financially efficient arrangements in remote oral health care.
Retrospective Comparison of Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis and Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Radius‐Ulna Fractures in Dogs
Authors: Pozzi Antonio , Hudson Caleb C. , Gauthier Christopher M. , Lewis Daniel D. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy of reduction, time to union, and clinical outcome of radius and ulna fractures stabilized using either minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).Study DesignRetrospective, case‐controlled study.AnimalsDogs with radius and ulna fractures stabilized with plates applied usingMIPO(n = 15) orORIF(n = 15).MethodsDogs in each stabilization group were matched for type and location of fracture, age, and body weight. Outcome measures including surgical time, fracture alignment, gap width, plate length, plate bridging and span ratio, working length and screw density, and time to union were compared between the groups using an unpaired t‐test. Statistical significance was set atP< .05.ResultsAll fractures obtained radiographic union although infection developed in 1 dog in each stabilization group. Dogs treated withMIPOhad a significant longer plate working length and lesser screw‐density (P< .05). No statistical difference was found in operating time, postoperative alignment, gap width, or time to union (MIPO: 51.9 ± 18.4 days;ORIF: 49.5 ± 26.5 days).ConclusionsRadius and ulna fractures managed withMIPOhad similar alignment, reduction, and time to union as fractures managed withORIF. Future prospective clinical studies are warranted and should assess healing more frequently and in a standardized manner to compareMIPOtoORIFin a larger population of dogs.