bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macula of retina ‐ spherical calotte with its focus. Right image on the retina. Applications: Biophotonics Laser Holographic Theory of Vision. Apparatus for the study of human vision
Authors: MANU MD , PLESU GH 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose The paper presents the results of theoretical multidisciplinary studies, whose purpose was to study the biophysical mechanism of vision, but taking in account macula’s form as spherical callote and its own focus, the structure and functioning of the human eye as a biphocal laser system (cornea and macula focus) with holographic elements, to establish the holographic biophotonic mechanism of vision according to the Biological Lasers Theory, to verify the hypothesis using the bionic method.Methods For experimental method we built two optical devices, which to be in line with the latest anatomical data of the eye, al 5:1 and 10:1 scale, according to laser holographic biophotonic model of the human eye: optic monocular apparatus or bionic eye‐ compact model and scaffold type, which are models of bifocal laser system with intermediate holographic system.Results The results and discussions of studies offer great surprises. The image at macula pole may be directly observed, as a right position, colored, dynamic, much diminished and it may be transmitted from one pole to the other, but has a sense daytime and an inverted sense nighttime, as dreams images. The two optic apparatus confirm the laser holographic biophotonic mechanism of human vision.Conclusion The conclusions of the theoretical and bionic method studies are that Vision Photographic Theory is moral and technical outdated. The Vision Holographic Biophotonic Theory VHBT is modern and according to the principles of lasers, holography, liquid crystals, the nonlinear optics, electronics, biophotonic and human eye physiology.
Commercial interest
The activity of the “when” pathway during visual motion
Authors: KENGO T , SHU M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Recently, a third pathway, the “when pathway” has been described(Batteli ,2007).The when pathway is project from the Primary Visual Cortex(V1) to the inferior parietal lobe(IPL) through the middle temporal and middle superior temporal(MT+) areas. The activity of the when pathway has not been confirmed experimentally. In this study, the activity of the when pathway was examined during visual motion.Methods A total of 6 healthy volunteers were studied.Task 1 comprised the visual presentation of one black dot alternating with a frequency of 1 Hz. Task 2 comprised the visual presentation of two black dots alternating with a frequency of 1 Hz. Task 3 comprised the visual presentation of three black dots alternating with a frequency of 1 Hz. Electroencephalography(EEG) data were digitized from 32 electrodes, which were placed according to the extended International 10_20 system. The EEG data at rest and for each task included O2ch between 30_50 ms in the right primary visual cortex area, P8 between 170_190 ms is right MT+ areas, and P4 between 200_220 ms in the right IPL area, and the waveform extracts were performed with power spectrum analyses. The calculated power value in the range of 8_13 Hz (α frequency band) from each waveform was examined in V1, MT+, and IPL and compared between rest in each task.Results The α bands in V1, MT+, and IPL in each task were significantly lower than those at rest (p<0.05).Conclusion The crucial function of the when pathway is to keep track of multiple objects that temporally overlap or occur sequentially. In this study, the α bands in each task were significantly lower compared with those at rest. However, significant differences in the α bands were not observed in each task. We suggest that the when pathway is active in response to only one object.
Evaluation of direct and consensual accommodation of fellow eyes using binocular open field auto refracto/keratometer WR‐5100K
Authors: TARUTTA E , TARASOVA N 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To develop a method of objective simultaneous evaluation of direct accommodation (DA) and consensual accommodation (CA) of paired eyes.Methods To assess DA and CA, eyes of 83 patients aged 7‐25 with different refraction errors were examined. Objective accommodation response was measured using Binocular Open Field Auto Refracto/Keratometer WR‐5100K (Grand Seiko Co., Ltd., Japan) under full correction of the existing ametropia achieved by spherical and cylinder lenses in a trial frame. A special device was used to separate the visual fields of the two eyes so that a 33 cm target could only be seen with one eye, while the fellow eye was looking at the open field with no fixation mark. In this way the DA was measured for the fixating eye and the CA for the non‐fixating eye. Then the fixation mark position was switched over and the test was repeated. The difference (Δ=СА – DА) between CA and DА was calculatedResults In all cases of hyperopia and emmetropia, consensual accommodation was equal to direct accommodation (Δ=0.02±0.03 D and 0.06±0.02 D, respectively). In low and moderate myopia, an insignificant difference was noted between СА and DA (respectively 0.16±0.04 D and 0.23±0.03 D). In high and anisometropic myopia, the difference was significant: Δ=0,27±0.04 D and 0.48±0.07 D, respectively (р<0.05).Conclusion CA and DA did not differ in patients with hyperopia and emmetropia. Mismatch of DA and CA was found in high and anisometropiс myopia. This symptom may have diagnostic and prognostic value for progressive myopia.
The relationship between halo size and intraocular light scatter in normal healthy subjects
Authors: PUELL MC , PEREZ‐CARRASCO MJ , PALOMO‐ALVAREZ C , BARRIO AR 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To determine the relationship between the size of a halo in the visual field induced by bright light and the intraocular light scatter in normal healthy eyes.Methods Measurements were made in the right eyes of 66 healthy subjects (mean age 33 ± 9 years). Using the Vision monitor, optotypes of low luminance (1 cd/m2) were presented at a distance of 2.5 m. The visual angle subtended by the radius of the halo was calculated in minutes of arc (arc min). Retinal straylight was measured with the compensation comparison technique. Best‐corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) was evaluated with logMAR Bailey‐Lovie letter charts.Results The mean radius of the halo was 199.3 ± 45.6 arc min, mean retinal straylight was 0.98 ± 0.13 log units and mean BCVA was ‐0.02 ± 0.07 logMAR. There was a significant positive correlation between halo radius and straylight (r = 0.32, p < 0.01) and between halo radius and BCVA (r = 0.36, p < 0.01). However, no significant relationship was found between retinal straylight and BCVA.Conclusion Higher intraocular light scatter levels were related to larger halo size in healthy human eyes.
VEP evidence of significant differences in motion perception in children
Authors: KUBOVA Z , KUBA M , KREMLACEK J , LANGROVA J , SZANYI J , VIT F , CHUTNA M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose In adults the motion‐onset visual evoked potentials (M‐VEPs) represent a useful diagnostic tool in neuro‐opthalmology (Kuba et al.,Vision Res., 2007, 47, 189‐202) since they test quite selectively the magnocellular system/dorsal stream function. Whilst in adults robust M‐VEPs with low variability can be acquired easily, it is difficult to record and evaluate them in children. They not only display very long maturation and age dependent shape development (Langrova et al., Vision Res., 2006, 46, 536‐544) but in some children they are unidentifiable to standard stimuli.Methods To understand better this problem we tested 30 normal children aged 7 ‐ 12 years. Two types of motion stimuli were used – translation motion (TM) and expansion/contraction motion (EXCOM).Results Reliable VEPs were detected in 77% of children to TM and in 83% of children to EXCOM. The dominant peak of the VEPs was negative in all TM VEPs and in 80 % of EXCOM VEPs (positive in 20%). In both VEP variants the latency of the negative peak did not shorten significantly in the tested age range and there was large interindividual latency variability (176 ms – 268 ms). High contrast stimuli (non‐optimal “magno” stimulus) shortened the M‐VEPs latencies and enlarged amplitudes in majority of subjects. M‐VEPs to peripheral stimulation (outside central 20°) were in contrast to adults detectable only in 43 % of children.Conclusion These findings show distinct differences in maturation of motion perception in children, which makes a diagnostic use of M‐VEPs in children quite complicated. Acknowledgement: Supported by the project PRVOUK ‐ P37/07.
Upper hemiretinal occult retinopathy
Authors: KRASTEL H , BEUTELSPACHER S , ROSER O , UDODOV E , SCHLICHTENBREDE F , JONAS J 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To emphasize the significance of photopsias and positive scotomas as subjective indicators of occult retinopathy.Methods The patient’s depiction of his photopsias led to a diagnostic work‐up by white and red static and kinetic perimetry, OCT, and visual electrophysiology.Results Within the OD lower visual field our patient encountered a rapid loss of color vision. In dark environs, coloured photopsias showed up in this region, in bright environs, a positive black scotoma developped over time. Kinetic perimetry revealed a relative lower hemifield scotoma by white and an absolute one by red targets. On static perimetry, a distinct lower hemifield scotoma improved for white but persisted for red stimuli during 3 years of follow up. Retinal origin of the scotoma was proven by mf ERG. Serology for anti‐retinal antibodies remained negative. Difficult to detect by ophthalmoscopy, an affection of the OS / RPE layer in the corresponding fundus area was proven by SD OCT.Conclusion Coloured photopsias in dark, a black positive scotoma in bright envorons are salient symptoms of this upper hemifield occult retinopathy. OCT, visual fields and electrodiagnostic findings point towards a variant of AZOOR (acute zonal occult outer retinopathy).
Progression of visual field in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (1): Preliminary results
Authors: APTEL F , GIRAUD JM , ARYAL‐CHARLES N , EL CHEHAB H , MAY F , CHIQUET C , ROMANET JP , RENARD JP 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the visual field rate of progression of patients with treated ocular hypertension (OHT) and primary‐open angle glaucoma (POAG).Methods From a multicentric database, 441 eyes of 228 patients with treated ocular hypertension or POAG followed up at least 6 years with Humphrey 24.2 Sita‐Standard visual field examination at least twice a year were identified. From initial data, eyes were classified in 5 groups: 104 ocular hypertension, 205 early glaucoma (MD>‐6dB), 45 moderate glaucoma (MD ‐6 to ‐12dB), 41 advanced glaucoma (MD ‐12 to ‐18dB) and 46 severe glaucoma (MD<‐18dB). Rate of progression during the follow‐up period was calculated using the trend analysis of the Guided Progression Analysis software.Results The mean duration of follow‐up was 8.4 years. We found a significant positive association between initial MD and rate of progression in early, moderate and advanced glaucoma (p<0.04). Rate of progression was ‐0.06 dB/year (‐0.19 %VFI/year) in eyes with ocular hypertension, ‐0.24 dB/year (‐0.75 %VFI/year) in eyes with early glaucoma, ‐0.45 dB/year (‐1.72 %VFI/year) in moderate glaucoma, ‐0.54 dB/year (‐2.44 %VFI/year) in advanced glaucoma, and ‐0.45 dB/year (‐1.97 %VFI/year) in severe glaucoma.Conclusion In early to advanced stages of glaucoma, the rate of progression worsened as the severity increased, but became smaller in latest stage of the disease.
Comparative analysis of hyperaemia rate between preservative‐free latanoprost and preserved prostaglandin eyedrops. An adjusted indirect comparison meta‐analysis
Authors: ROULAND J , CUCHERAT M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose For the evaluation of hyperaemia, differences in measurement process could exist between the trial in terms of definition, procedure, follow‐up, etc. These differences make the comparison of absolute rate or proportion of patients with hyperaemia between the trial inappropriate and potentially confused by these differences. To avoid this problem, meta‐analysis does not pool absolute proportion but odds ratio (or risk ratio). Odds ratios make implicit adjustment for this kind of difference by using the value observed in the control group as reference. The technique of “adjusted indirect comparisons” are based on this principle and were used to assess tolerability of a preservative free latanoprost compared to preserved prostaglandins for the treatment of open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) and ocular hypertension (OH)Methods The meta‐analysis was performed according to a protocol established before the start of the literature search and data analysis. It was conducted and reported according to the recent PRISMA statement. The main endpoints were intraocular pressure (IOP) and hyperaemiaResults Twenty‐one studies were included. The risk of hyperaemia was statistically significantly lower with preservative‐free latanoprost than with polyquaternium‐1‐travoprost (OR [95%CI]: 0.24 , sofzia‐travoprost (0.37 ), BAK‐bimatoprost 0.03% (0.18 ]), BAK‐bimatoprost 0.01% (0.27 ), BAK‐tafluprost (0.18 ), BAK‐travoprost (0.25 ) and BAK‐latanoprost (0.52 [Conclusion The risk of hyperaemia was found statistically significantly lower with preservative free latanoprost than with all the preserved prostaglandin analogs comprised in the metaanalysis.
Commercial interest
Comparison of Esnoper® implant placement in non penetrating deep sclerectomy
Authors: IBANEZ J , PéREZ GARCíA D , ASCASO PUYUELO FJ , CRISTóBAL BESCóS JA 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To compare the efficacy and safety of the Esnoper® implant in non penetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) with the implant placed in two different positions: under the scleral flap (in the scleral lake) versus a portion of the implant introduced in the suprachoroidal space.Methods Retrospective analysis of 40 eyes of 30 patients who underwent NPDS, being the implant Esnoper® placed under the scleral flap in Group A (22 eyes) and a part of it in suprachoroidal space in Group B (18 eyes).Results In group A, the IOP decreased from 22,8± 4,2 mmHg to 15,1 ±2,9 mmHg and a group B from 23,4±3,1 mmHg to 13,9 ±3,1 mmHg (p< 0,05). The difference in the postoperative IOP between both groups was stadistically non significant (p>0,05). Anti‐glaucoma medications decreased from 2,81±0,5 to 0,8±0,1 in group A, and from 2,9±0,5 to 0,2± 0,4 in group B, being this difference stadistically significant (p<0,05). Qualified success was found in all patients (100%) in both groups. Complete success (IOP without treatment) was achieved in 14/22 (63,3%) eyes in group A and in 15/18 (83,3%) eyes in group B. The average follow up was 1 year .Conclusion The IOP‐lowering effect and safety of scleral and suprachoroidal Esnoper® implant seem to be comparable, but fewer anti‐glaucoma medications were required with the implant partially introduced in the suprachoroidal space.
Neovascular glaucomas after central retinal artery occlusions
Authors: DEGOUMOIS A , MIOCQUE S , DENION E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose Neoovascular glaucoma after acute central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is underestimated. It is a serious complication, that can be prevented.Methods This retrospective study included all consecutive cases treated in Caen University Hospital (France), between January 2010 and December 2012. We studied the incidence of neovascular glaucoma in this cohort, the delay of onset, and the degree of arterial repermeabilisation on flurescein angiography. Patients with pre‐existing ocular neovascularisation or evidence of ocular ischemic syndrome were excluded. We reviewed the literature about the diagnostic, therapeutic and epidemiological aspects of neovascular glaucoma after CRAO.Results Among thirty one patients with acute central retinal artery occlusion, five developed neovascular glaucoma (16%). These five patients had poor revascularisation, that was not diagnosed by the fundus examination. The time interval between the occlusive event and the neovascular glaucoma ranges from 7 weeks to 7 months. Patients were all treated with topical antiglaucoma drops. A panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) was done in 4 cases, associated with intravitreal bevacizumab injection in 2 cases, and with a transscleral cyclophotocoagulation with diode laser in one case.Conclusion Neovascular glaucoma is the height of CRAO. To prevent it, a fluorescein angiography should be performed a few deay after each CRAO to evaluate the repermeabilisation. If it is not good, a PRP should be quickly started, associated with a close follow up.
Hemifield pattern electroretinogram, frequency doubling technology and optical coherence tomography for detection of early glaucomatous optic neuropathy in ocular hypertensive patients
Authors: CELLINI M , FINZI A , STROBBE E , CAMPOS E 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To assess which is the most sensitive and specific exam for detecting early glaucomatous damage in ocular hypertensive patients (OH) among hemifield test pattern electroretinogram (PERG HF), frequency doubling technology (FDT) and optical coherence tomography retinal nerve fiber layer (OCT RNFL).Methods Fifty‐two OH patients (mean age of 56±9.6 yrs) with an intraocular pressure (IOP)>21mmHg and 52 healthy controls (mean age of 54.8±10.4 yrs) with IOP<21mmHg were assessed. All the patients had normal visual acuity, normal optic disc appearance and normal standard achromatic perimetric (SAP) indices. All subjects underwent OCT, FDT and PERG examination. Data were analyzed with Mann‐Whitney test and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results OH patients showed thinner OCT‐RNFL than controls, especially in the superior and inferior quadrant (respectively, 130.16±10.02 vs 135.18±9.27μm; p<0.011 and 120.14±11.0 vs 132.68±8.03μm; p=0.001) and a significantly higher FDT pattern standard deviation (PSD) (3.46±1.48 vs 1.89±0.7dB; p=0.001). As regards PERG examination, the amplitude of the N95 wave of the lower and upper PERG HF showed significant differences (respectively, p=0.037 and p=0.023) between the two groups. ROC curve analysis revealed a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 86% for FDT PSD (with an area under the ROC curve of 0.942), whereas by using OCTConclusion Our study show that FDT and PERG HF are the most sensitive and specific exams for detecting early glaucomatous damages in eyes with OH and can be useful in identifying those patients who may develop glaucoma and who need hypotensive ocular medications.
Structure function relationship: Specific index of ganglion cell complex assessment of 2 spectral domain OCT and standard automated perimetry
Authors: EL CHEHAB H , DELBARRE M , FENOLLAND JR , MARéCHAL M , ZERROUK M , FRANCOZ M , OUANEZAR S , GIRAUD JM , MAÿ F , RENARD JP 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To investigate structure function relationship between specifics parameters of structural damage analyzed by OCT RTVue100 (Optovue, Inc.) and CirrusHD‐OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec) with functional parameters of standard automated perimetry (SAP).Methods 143 open angle glaucoma and 43 control eyes were included. They underwent a macular grid exam with RTVue100, CirrusHD‐OCT and 24°2 and 10°2 SAP (Humphrey SITA‐standard). Specifics structural parameters analyzed were Global and Focal Loss Volume (GLV and FLV) with RTVue, average and minimum Ganglion Cell and Inner Plexiform Layer (GCIPL) thickness with CirrusHD‐OCT. Functional parameters collected were MD, PSD and VFI for 24°2 SAP and MD and PSD for 10°2 SAP. A Student t‐test was performed to compare parameters and a logistic regression to calculate Pearson coefficient (r) studying correlation between structural and functional parameters.Results Glaucoma group had a significant functional (in 24°2 and 10°2 SAP) and structural impairment compared to control. Logistic regression analysis found a linear correlation between structural and functional parameters. The highest Pearson coefficient with OCT RTVue was between FLV and PSD in 24°2 SAP (r=0.72) and for CirrusHD‐OCT between minimum GCIPL and PSD in 24°2 SAP (r=0.56).Conclusion This study objectives a strucutre function relationship between specifics focal structural indices (FLV and GCIPL‐Min) assessed with these 2 SD‐OCT and functional (PSD) parameters damage. It would be interesting to confirm this new approch of SFR with these specific structural parameters.
Choroidal thickness in open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: STEINMETZ P , JONAS JB 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To examine choroidal thickness in open‐angle glaucoma in a hospital‐based case series studyMethods Choroidal thickness was measured by enhanced depth imaging of spectral domain optical coherence tomography. The study group included patients with open‐angle glaucoma and the control group consisted of subjects with a normal fundus.Results The study group included 71 eyes (39 patients) and the control group consisted of 189 patients (228 eyes) with significant difference between both groups in age (P=0.16) and refractive error (P=0.07). Choroidal thickness in the foveal region (P=0.18), at a distance of 1000 µm from the fovea (P=0.39), at a distance of 2000 µm from the fovea (P=0.46), and at a horizontal distance of 2500 µm from the fovea (P=0.53) did not vary significantly between both groups. In multivariable analysis with adjustment for age and refractive error, subfoveal choroidal thickness (P=0.12; regression coefficient B: ‐8.60; 95%CI: ‐19.3, 2.1), choroidal thickness at a horizontal distance of 1000 µm from the fovea (P=0.30; B: ‐4.98 (95%CI: ‐14.3, 4.4)), 2000 µm from the fovea (P=0.20; B: ‐20.9 (95%CI: ‐53.2, 11.3)) and 2500 µm from the fovea (P=0.45; B: ‐2.70 (95%CI: ‐9.67, 4.27)) was not significantly associated with the diagnosis of glaucoma. In binary regression analysis with adjustment for age and refractive error, presence of glaucoma was significantly associated neither with subfoveal choroidal thickness (P=0.12; OR: 0.997 (95%CI: 0.993, 1.001)), nor with choroidal thickness at a horizontal distance of 1000 µm from the fovea (P=0.47; OR: 0.998 (95%CI: 0.993, 1.002)).Conclusion After adjusting for age and refractive error, open‐angle glaucoma was not significantly associated with a marked thinning or a thickening of the choroid in the foveal and parafoveal region.
Eye problems in deaf children: A case‐control study
Authors: OSTADIMOGHADDAM H , MIRHAJIAN H , SOBHANI RAD D , YEKTA A , HERAVIAN J , KHABAZKHOOB M 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPurpose To compare the prevalence of refractive errors and amblyopia between deaf and normal childrenMethods In this case control study, cases were selected from deaf school children in Mashhad. The control group consisted of children with no hearing problem. The sampling was done utilizing the cluster sampling method. All of the samples underwent refraction, cover test and visual examinations.Results 254 children in case group and 506 children in control group were assessed. The mean spherical equivalent was 1.7±1.9 D in case group, which was significantly different from the control group (0.2±1.5) (p<0.001). The prevalence of hyperopia was 57.15 and 21.5% in case and control groups, respectively. But myopia was mostly seen in the control group (p=0.007). Mean cylinder was 0.65 ±1.3 D and 0.43±0.62 D in case and control groups, respectively. Logistic regression showed that the chance of Amblyopia was significantly greater in cases.Conclusion Comparing with children in the same ages, deaf children have much more eye problems; therefore there must be a possible relation between deafness and eye problems. Paying attention to assessing eye health in deaf children, may prevent them from adding eye problems to deaf difficulties.