bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheological characterisation of thickened fluids under different temperature, pH and fat contents
Authors: Hadde Enrico Karsten , Nicholson Timothy Michael , Cichero Julie Ann Yvette 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to examine the rheological characterisation of thickened water under different temperature and pH conditions and thickened milk with different fat contents.

Design/methodology/approach
– Beverages thickened with powdered thickeners are used in the medical management of individuals who suffer swallowing difficulties (dysphagia). Each individual requires a specific level of thickness to best meet the needs of their dysphagia. Although the level of thickness is defined, obtaining the correct consistency of thickened fluids is difficult. This is due to fluctuations associated with temperature and type of fluids to be thickened. Rheological characterisation of commercially available xanthan gum-based thickener was performed under different conditions of temperature, pH and fat contents.

Findings
– The viscosity and the yield stress of thickened water was found to be unaffected by pH. Similarly, temperature did not affect the viscosity at a high thickener concentration, although it did at lower concentration levels. Conversely, viscosity and yield stress increased as fat levels increased in thickened milk. Furthermore, thickened water took less than 2 minutes to reach equilibrium viscosity, while thickened milk required approximately 15 minutes to reach equilibrium viscosity.

Practical implications
– These findings have implications for the standing time required for different beverages before they are thickened to a consistency that has been deemed safe for the patient’s physiological needs. Additionally, it highlights that different liquid base substances required different amounts of thickener to achieve the same level of thickness.

Originality/value
– Findings from this study confirms and explores the variability of thickened fluids under different conditions of temperature, pH and fat content for the medical management of dysphagia.
The recalcitrance of oxalate, nitrate and nitrites during the controlled lactic fermentation of commonly consumed green leafy vegetables
Authors: Jagannath A. , Kumar Manoranjan , Raju P  S 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– Green leafy vegetables (GLVs) are important components of a balanced diet especially in developing countries where the major requirements of micronutrients are met. However, GLVs also contain significant amounts of oxalate, nitrate and nitrites, whose role in the human diet is constantly changing. The current study explored the behavior of nitrate, nitrites and oxalate in lactic-fermented GLVs with an intention to develop functional foods based on them.

Design/methodology/approach
– Selected strains of beneficial lactic acid bacteria were used for the controlled fermentation of GLV, while an identical portion was subjected to spontaneous fermentation. The nitrate and nitrites were monitored spectrophotometrically, while oxalate contents were quantified by both titrimetric and by high-performance liquid chromatography throughout the duration of fermentation.

Findings
– More than 90 per cent of individual constituents studied remained intact in the GLVs paste after the six-day controlled fermentation period. However, there was significant difference between the controlled and spontaneously fermented samples in terms of oxalate, nitrate and nitrite contents.

Originality/value
– Controlled lactic fermentation although superior in all other aspects may not be able to lower the anti-nutrients present. The advantages of spontaneous fermentation vis-à-vis controlled fermentation are discussed. The work will bring out the importance of the beneficial effects of GLVs and the effect of lactic fermentation.
Bioactive peptides from egg: a review
Authors: Bhat Z. F. , Kumar Sunil , Bhat Hina Fayaz 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The aim of the article was to focus on various peptides identified in the egg and their probable application as novel ingredients in the development of functional food products. Bioactive peptides of egg origin have attracted increasing interest as one of the prominent candidates for development of various health-promoting functional and designer foods.

Design/methodology/approach
– Traditionally known as a source of highly valuable proteins in human nutrition, eggs are nowadays also considered as an important source of many bioactive peptides which may find wide application in medicine and food production. These specific protein fragments from egg proteins which, above and beyond their nutritional capabilities, have a positive impact on the body’s function or condition by affecting the digestive, endocrine, cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems, and may ultimately influence health.

Findings
– Several peptides that are released in vitro or in vivo from egg proteins have been attributed to different health effects, including antihypertensive effects, antimicrobial properties, antioxidant activities, anticancer activity, immunomodulating activity, antiadhesive properties and enhancement of nutrient absorption and/or bioavailability. Extensive research has been undertaken to identify and characterize these biologically active peptides of egg origin which has changed the image of egg as a new source of biologically active ingredients for the development of functional foods with specific benefits for human health and treatment and prevention of diseases.

Originality/value
– The paper mainly describes the above-stated properties of bioactive peptides derived from egg proteins.
Grey Pride: priorities for a minister for older people
Authors: Ashcroft Jane 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to argue the case for there to be a UK Minister for Older People supported by the work of a Commissioner for Older People.

Design/methodology/approach
– Draws on the work of the UK Grey Pride campaign to compare trends in demography and expectations with health and social service provision.

Findings
– With hospital “bed blocking” reportedly costing £20 million per month and limited responses to older peoples’ needs for appropriate housing, care and resources, the Grey Pride campaign has received widespread support with 30 organisations backing their campaign for a Minister for Older People.

Practical implications
– A Minister could help prioritise coordinated use of resources to make them more efficient and to help manage older peoples’ expectations. A Commissioner for Older People could investigate the accessibility and quality of care for older people.

Originality/value
– Identifies how no government administration to date has demonstrated its explicit commitment to prioritising older peoples’ needs.
Standing up for today's and tomorrow's pensioners
Authors: Gibson Dot 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The National Pensioners’ Convention aims to challenge the case for current government policies to raise the age of retirement from paid work and to diversify routes to and amounts of pensions entitlement. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– This policy-oriented commentary draws on evidence and arguments presented in the National Pensioners’ Convention Manifesto about the relative affluence of socio-economic class groups and their length of life after 65.Findings– In contrast to government claims of simplifying pensions by introducing single-tier state pensions, three different pension schemes will coexist for many years and in many cases these will provide less than current entitlements. Other universal pensioner benefits such as concessionary travel and winter fuel payments are now also the target of financial cost savings. Access to home care and residential care is increasingly restricted by service cuts and wider means testing.Practical implications– National Pensioners’ Convention Manifesto argues that the standard of care and support for older people needs to be guaranteed to be set above current poverty levels, to be linked to price and consumer indices and earnings, for universal pensioner benefits to be maintained, for a National Health and Care Service to be free at the point of use, funded through taxation and for standards to be improved through a legally binding Dignity code.Originality/value– This commentary expresses the views of a non-party campaigning organisation run by pensioners themselves to highlight their case for ways in which they may gain increased rather than decreased support for maintaining active living in later life.
What are the issues affecting grandparents in Britain today?
Authors: Smethers Sam 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the role that grandparents play in family life in Britain today with a particular focus on demographic change and the grandparental caring contribution for both children and older adults.

Design/methodology/approach
– Drawing upon a wide range of sources the author sets out the context, recent demographic and economic trends and presents a way forward.

Findings
– The research presented in this paper suggests that grandparents are playing an increasingly important role in family life and their caring contribution makes a material difference to maternal employment rates in particular. It also suggests that those who step in to the parenting role face particular challenges which need to be addressed.

Research limitations/implications
– Further research into the significance of the grandparent/grandchild relationship is needed, together with the caring contribution of those who provide intensive support to families in times of crisis both in terms of the impact that has on the grandparents but also the difference it makes to parents and children.

Practical implications
– One key practical implication is the need for a formal childcare infrastructure in the UK which does not assume that grandparents will always be there to provide childcare for working parents on the scale they do today.

Social implications
– Grandparents are living longer so more of them will have longer-lasting relationships with their grandchildren. But mothers are also ageing and so gradually over time the age at which we become grandparents will also be pushed back. This may in turn mean that grandparents in 20 years time may be less involved in childcare in any case.

Originality/value
– This piece does not present new research but rather provides an overview of existing evidence.
Negotiating pain: the joint construction of a child's bodily sensation
Authors: Jenkins Laura 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTraditional theories of socialisation, in which the child was viewed as a passive subject of external influences, are increasingly being rejected in favour of a new sociology of childhood which frames the child as a social actor. This article demonstrates the way in which conversation analysis can reveal children's agency in the micro‐detail of naturally occurring episodes in which children express bodily sensations and pain in everyday life. Based on 71 video‐recordings of mealtimes with five families, each with two children under 10 years old, the analysis focuses on the components of children's expressions of bodily sensation (including pain), the character of parents’ responses and the nature of the subsequent talk. The findings provide further evidence that children are social actors, active in constructing, accepting and resisting the nature of their physical experience and pain. A conversation analysis of ordinary family talk facilitates a description of how a child's agency is built, maintained or resisted through the interactional practices participants employ to display knowledge.
Correlated implied volatility with jump and cross section of stock returns
Authors: Ze‐To Samuel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractI derive the option‐implied volatility allowing for nonzero correlation between price jump and diffusive risk to examine the information content of implied diffusive, jump risks and their implied covariance in the cross‐sectional variation of future returns. This study documents a strong predictive power of realized volatility and correlated implied volatility spread (RV − IVC) in the cross section of stock returns. The difference of realized volatility with the implied diffusive volatility (RV − σC), jump risk (RV − γC) and covariance (RV − ICov) can forecast future returns. These RV − σC and RV − γC anomalies are robustly persistent even after controlling for market, size, book‐to‐market value, momentum and liquidity factors.
Eyelid sporotrichosis: Unique clinical findings in 72 patients
Authors: Zhang Yaqin , Wang Yuqian , Cong Lele , Yang Hongfeng , Cong Xianling 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSporotrichosis on the eyelids is uncommon and has been rarely reported. As the largest series of 72 adults and children with eyelid sporotrichosis from Jilin ̀P̀̀rovince in China, this study provides useful information for the improved diagnosis and treatment of sporotrichosis.
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in five awake obese patients using paravertebral and superficial cervical plexus blockade
Authors: Kanawati S. , Fawal H. , Maaliki H. , Naja Z. M. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryWe report laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in five awake obese patients, completed under regional anaesthesia provided by paravertebral and superficial cervical plexus blockade. The technique was acceptable to patients, surgeons and anaesthetists.
Imputation of Household Survey Data Using Linear Mixed Models
Authors: Lago Luise Patricia , Clark Robert Graham 
Published: March 2015

SummaryMixed models are regularly used in the analysis of clustered data, but are only recently being used for imputation of missing data. In household surveys where multiple people are selected from each household, imputation of missing values should preserve the structure pertaining to people within households and should not artificially change the apparent intracluster correlation (ICC). This paper focuses on the use of multilevel models for imputation of missing data in household surveys. In particular, the performance of a best linear unbiased predictor for both stochastic and deterministic imputation using a linear mixed model is compared to imputation based on a single level linear model, both with and without information about household respondents. In this paper an evaluation is carried out in the context of imputing hourly wage rate in the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics of Australia Survey. Nonresponse is generated under various assumptions about the missingness mechanism for persons and households, and with low, moderate and high intra‐household correlation to assess the benefits of the multilevel imputation model under different conditions. The mixed model and single level model with information about the household respondent lead to clear improvements when the ICC is moderate or high, and when there is informative missingness.
Spinal fusion in girls with Rett syndrome: post‐operative recovery and family experiences
Authors: Marr C. , Leonard H. , Torode I. , Downs J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundRett syndrome is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder mainly affecting females and scoliosis is a common co‐morbidity. Spinal fusion may be recommended if the scoliosis is progressive. This qualitative study investigated recovery of girls with Rett syndrome during the first 12 post‐operative months and explored family perspectives and coping around the time of surgery.MethodParents registered with the population‐based Australian Rett Syndrome Database were recruited to this study if their daughter had a confirmed pathogenic MECP2 mutation and spinal fusion between 2006 and 2012. Twenty‐five interviews were conducted to determine their daughter's recovery and parental stresses and coping. Themes in the interview data were identified with content analysis, and the regaining of gross motor skills over the first 12 post‐operative months was described with time‐to‐event (survival) analysis.ResultsPain and energy levels, appetite, mood and coinciding health issues influenced their daughter's post‐operative recovery. The majority of girls recovered preoperative sitting (88%), standing (81%) and walking (80%) by 12 months. The decision to proceed with surgery was associated with feelings of fear, obligation, relief and guilt for families. Development of complications, poor support and feelings of isolation increased their emotional burden whereas adequate information and discharge preparation, confidence in self and staff, and balancing personal needs with their daughter's care relieved this burden.InterpretationOur study identified clinical practice issues in relation to families whose daughter with Rett syndrome undergoes spinal fusion, issues that are also relevant to other severe disabilities. Return of wellness and gross motor skills following spinal fusion in girls with Rett syndrome occurred within the first 12 post‐operative months in most cases. Parents require information and practical support to alleviate their emotional burden.
Child welfare workers' perceptions of children's participation: a comparative study ofEngland,Norway and theUSA(California)
Authors: Križ Katrin , Skivenes Marit 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper examines how child welfare workers inEngland,Norway and theUSA(California) perceive children's participation building on 91 qualitative interviews. First, analysing the data usingHart's ladder of children's participation, we found that allNorwegian workers perceived children's participation as some form of decision‐making, whereas 40% ofEnglish and 35% ofUSworkers embraced views of children's participation that can be considered token or non‐participation. Second, we coded the data for main themes and found that child welfare workers in all three countries perceived children's participation ashearing the child's opinionandinformation gathering. The themes ofage,maturityandability to form an opinionalso emerged from the data.English workers' reflections about children's participation were more nuanced than theirNorwegian andUScounterparts; andUSworkers understood children's participation as children providing valuable information during the investigation of a case more frequently than workers inEngland andNorway. We discuss the implications of these findings on future research.
Sonophotocatalytic treatment of methyl orange dye and real textile effluent using synthesised nano‐zinc oxide
Authors: Hemapriyamvadha Ravindran , Sivasankar Thirugnanasambandam 
Published: March 2015

In this work, experiments were carried out by combining the sonication technique with the photocatalytic technique (ultraviolet light source) for the degradation of methyl orange dye and real textile effluent. Studies were performed with variation in parameters such as oxidant (sodium persulfate), commercially available zinc oxide, methyl orange concentration, and sonochemically synthesised zinc oxide. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction analysis of synthesised zinc oxide showed that the particle size was in the nano range. Near‐complete colour removal by sonophotocatalytic treatment was observed for a concentration of 10 mg l−1of methyl orange with 1 g l−1of synthesised zinc oxide and 1500 mg l−1of sodium persulfate. For 100 mg l−1of methyl orange, the colour removal was 77% for 1 g l−1commercially available zinc oxide and 84% for 1 g l−1synthesised zinc oxide respectively, with 1500 mg l−1sodium persulfate. Similar experimental conditions were applied for the sonophotocatalytic treatment of real textile effluent with different dilutions (1:100, 1:10, and 1:1) and raw effluent. For real textile effluent, sonophotocatalytic treatment was found to be highly effective both in colour and chemical oxygen demand removal. The chemical oxygen demand removal was 88, 65, 63, and 41% for 1:100, 1:10, and 1:1 dilutions and raw effluent respectively.
ALK translocation detection in non‐small cell lung cancer cytological samples obtained by TBNA or EBUS‐TBNA
Authors: Bravaccini S. , Tumedei M. M. , Ulivi P. , Zoli W. , Calistri D. , Candoli P. , Amadori D. , Puccetti M. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveAs the diagnosis of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is based on cytology in around 70% of cases, it is important to use the same material for molecular analyses. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the only approved test for the detection of the translocation and inversion of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), but the optimal procedures for the fixation or staining of the sample before FISH evaluation have not been established. We investigated whether ALK gene status determined by FISH in a prospectively enrolled case series of patients was affected by fixation and staining.MethodsOne hundred and fifteen cytological samples were obtained by transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) or endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)‐TBNA from 109 patients with NSCLC. All samples were evaluated for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation by pyrosequencing and for ALK rearrangement by FISH. Specimens for ALK determination had been fixed with Cytofix® and/or Carnoy's solution or 10% formalin (cell blocks) and variously stained.ResultsSixteen (14%) of the 115 samples were mutated for EGFR and 99 (86%) showed wild‐type EGFR status. Of these 115 samples, 79 (69%) were negative for echinoderm microtubule‐associated protein like 4 (EML4)‐ALK translocation, nine (8%) were positive and 27 (23%) were unevaluable. In particular, 19 (26%) of the 72 Papanicolaou‐stained smears fixed with Cytofix were unevaluable because of inadequate samples or cell overlapping; neither of the two May–Grünwald–Giemsa‐stained samples were evaluable. Ten of 17 smears used for rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) and immediately post‐fixed in Carnoy's solution or 80% alcohol were evaluable.ConclusionsIn this series, smears were unevaluable as a result of inadequate samples, cell overlapping or lack of fixation performed immediately after FNA.
Nesting strategies affect altitudinal distribution and habitat use in Alpine dung beetle communities
Authors: CHAMBERLAIN DAN , TOCCO CLAUDIA , LONGONI ALICE , MAMMOLA STEFANO , PALESTRINI CLAUDIA , ROLANDO ANTONIO 
Published: March 2015

1. Dung beetles are key contributors to a suite of ecosystem services. Understanding the factors that dictate their distributions is a necessary step towards preventing negative impacts of biodiversity loss.2. Alpine dung beetle communities were analysed along altitudinal gradients to assess how different components of the community, defined in terms of nesting strategy [dung‐ovipositing Aphodiidae (DOAs), soil‐ovipositing Aphodiidae (SOAs) and two paracoprid (PAR) groups, Geotrupidae and Scarabaeidae] and parameters relevant to dung removal rates (species richness, total biomass and functional diversity), are distributed, and to identify to which environmental factors they respond.3. Species richness declined with altitude. There was no significant variation in functional diversity or total biomass in relation to altitude. There were significant variations when considered by nesting group:DOAspecies richness and biomass decreased,SOAbiomass increased, and Geotrupidae biomass showed a non‐linear trend, as altitude increased.4. Functional diversity and total species richness were positively related to vegetation cover.DOAspecies richness was highest in forest and scrub;SOAspecies richness was highest in grassland andPARspecies richness was lowest in rocky areas.5. Dung beetle species show different trends in species richness and biomass depending on nesting strategy. Management to promote the dung beetle community should include maintenance of a mosaic of habitat types. Given the likely importance of species richness and biomass to ecosystem functioning, and the complimentary effect of different dung beetle groups, such a strategy may protect and enhance the ecosystem services that Alpine dung beetles provide.