bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Culture Wars through Satirical/Political Infotainment TV: Jon Stewart andThe Daily Show's Critique as Mediated Re-enactement of the Culture War
Authors: Grondin David 
Published: October 2012

Abstract:Recent US culture wars have been waged through televised entertainment news (infotainment TV). The imprint left by Jon Stewart and The Daily Show on mainstream news outlets has been analyzed in political communication studies and media studies. However, no one has so far made a case for Jon Stewart as a protagonist in these culture wars, especially because Stewart himself wants to stay clear of and set himself apart from them. This paper looks at the performativity of these culture wars in infotainment TV as the medium and locus where the culture wars are waged. While I recognize the crucial role played by Jon Stewart and The Daily Show in critiquing news-media coverage of American politics, I nevertheless contend that Stewart can also be seen as a culture warrior, albeit an unwilling one, and that, by giving him a voice, the medium of infotainment TV is turning him into such a warrior. My argument is predicated on the belief that satirical/political infotainment TV is an important locus of the culture wars and must be studied carefully because it plays a political role in mediating their re-enactment. Using this news-media satirical form as epistemological grounding, I first focus on how these culture wars play out in satirical/political infotainment TV and show that infotainment TV, because it is mediated as such, both critiques and re-enacts the culture wars and affects the American journalistic mediascape. I then examine satirical infotainment TV as political practice.
SAP Is Required for the Development of Innate Phenotype in H2-M3–Restricted CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Bediako Yaw , Bian Yao , Zhang Hong , Cho Hoonsik , Stein Paul L. , Wang Chyung-Ru 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
H2-M3–restricted T cells have a preactivated surface phenotype, rapidly expand, and produce cytokines upon stimulation, and, as such, are classified as innate T cells. Unlike most innate T cells, M3-restricted T cells also express CD8αβ coreceptors and a diverse TCR repertoire: hallmarks of conventional MHC Ia-restricted CD8+ T cells. Although invariant NKT cells are also innate T cells, they are selected exclusively on hematopoietic cells (HC), whereas M3-restricted T cells can be selected on either hematopoietic or thymic epithelial cells. Moreover, their phenotypes differ depending on what cells mediate their selection. Although there is a clear correlation between selection on HC and development of innate phenotype, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule-associated protein (SAP) is required for the development of invariant NKT cells and mediates signals from signaling lymphocyte activation molecule receptors that are exclusively expressed on HC. Based on their dual selection pathway, M3-restricted T cells present a unique model for studying the development of innate T cell phenotype. Using both polyclonal and transgenic mouse models, we demonstrate that although M3-restricted T cells are capable of developing in the absence of SAP, SAP is required for HC-mediated selection, development of preactivated phenotype, and heightened effector functions of M3-restricted T cells. These findings are significant because they directly demonstrate the need for SAP in HC-mediated acquisition of innate T cell phenotype and suggest that, due to their SAP-dependent HC-mediated selection, M3-restricted T cells develop a preactivated phenotype and an intrinsic ability to proliferate faster upon stimulation, allowing for an important role in the early response to infection.
C5a Receptor-Dependent Cell Activation by Physiological Concentrations of Desarginated C5a: Insights from a Novel Label-Free Cellular Assay
Authors: Reis Edimara S. , Chen Hui , Sfyroera Georgia , Monk Peter N. , Köhl Jörg , Ricklin Daniel , Lambris John D. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The complement anaphylatoxins C3a, C5a, and desarginated C5a (C5adesArg) play critical roles in the induction of inflammation and the modulation of innate and acquired immune responses after binding to their G protein-coupled receptors, C3a receptor and C5a receptor (C5aR). The role of C5adesArg in inducing cell activation has been often neglected, because the affinity of C5adesArg for C5aR has been reported to be much lower than that of C5a. We have used a novel label-free cellular assay to reassess the potential of C5adesArg to induce activation of transfected and primary immune cells. Our results indicate that physiological levels of C5adesArg induce significant levels of cell activation that are even higher than those achieved by stimulating cells with analogous concentrations of C5a. Such activation was strictly dependent on C5aR, because it was completely abrogated by PMX-53, a C5aR antagonist. Pharmacological inhibition of specific G proteins located downstream of C5aR indicated differential involvement of Gα proteins upon C5aR engagement by C5a or C5adesArg. Further, mass spectrometric characterization of plasma-derived C5a and C5adesArg provided important insight into the posttranslational modification pattern of these anaphylatoxins, which includes glycosylation at Asn64 and partial cysteinylation at Cys27. Although the context-specific physiological contribution of C5adesArg has to be further explored, our data suggest that C5adesArg acts as a key molecule in the triggering of local inflammation as well as the maintenance of blood surveillance and homeostatic status.
Narrow Groove and Restricted Anchors of MHC Class I Molecule BF2*0401 Plus Peptide Transporter Restriction Can Explain Disease Susceptibility of B4 Chickens
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Chen Yong , Qi Jianxun , Gao Feng , Liu Yanjie , Liu Jun , Zhou Xuyu , Kaufman Jim , Xia Chun , Gao George F. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The MHC has genetic associations with many diseases, often due to differences in presentation of antigenic peptides by polymorphic MHC molecules to T lymphocytes of the immune system. In chickens, only a single classical class I molecule in each MHC haplotype is expressed well due to coevolution with the polymorphic TAPs which means that resistance and susceptibility to infectious pathogens are particularly easy to observe. Previously, structures of chicken MHC class I molecule BF2*2101 from B21 haplotype showed an unusually large peptide-binding groove that accommodates a broad spectrum of peptides to present as epitopes to CTLs, explaining the MHC-determined resistance of B21 chickens to Marek's disease. In this study, we report the crystal structure of BF2*0401 from the B4 (also known as B13) haplotype, showing a highly positively charged surface hitherto unobserved in other MHC molecules, as well as a remarkably narrow groove due to the allele-specific residues with bulky side chains. Together, these properties limit the number of epitope peptides that can bind this class I molecule. However, peptide-binding assays show that in vitro, BF2*0401 can bind a wider variety of peptides than are found on the surface of B4 cells. Thus, a combination of the specificities of the polymorphic TAP and the MHC results in a very limited set of BF2*0401 peptides with negatively charged anchors to be presented to T lymphocytes.
Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ B Cell-Specific–Deficient Mice Have an Impaired Antibody Response
Authors: Ramon Sesquile , Bancos Simona , Thatcher Thomas H. , Murant Thomas I. , Moshkani Safiehkhatoon , Sahler Julie M. , Bottaro Andrea , Sime Patricia J. , Phipps Richard P. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. PPARγ, a ligand-activated transcription factor, has important anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative functions, and it has been associated with diseases including diabetes, scarring, and atherosclerosis, among others. PPARγ is expressed in most bone marrow-derived cells and influences their function. PPARγ ligands can stimulate human B cell differentiation and promote Ab production. A knowledge gap is that the role of PPARγ in B cells under physiological conditions is not known. We developed a new B cell-specific PPARγ (B-PPARγ) knockout mouse and explored the role of PPARγ during both the primary and secondary immune response. In this article, we show that PPARγ deficiency in B cells decreases germinal center B cells and plasma cell development, as well as the levels of circulating Ag-specific Abs during a primary challenge. Inability to generate germinal center B cells and plasma cells is correlated to decreased MHC class II expression and decreased Bcl-6 and Blimp-1 levels. Furthermore, B-PPARγ–deficient mice have an impaired memory response, characterized by low titers of Ag-specific Abs and low numbers of Ag-experienced, Ab-secreting cells. However, B-PPARγ–deficient mice have no differences in B cell population distribution within primary or secondary lymphoid organs during development. This is the first report, to our knowledge, to show that, under physiological conditions, PPARγ expression in B cells is required for an efficient B cell-mediated immune response as it regulates B cell differentiation and Ab production.
Novel Dysregulated MicroRNAs in Primary Laryngeal Squamous Cell Cancer
Authors: Stephen Josena K , Chen Kang Mei , Shah Veena , Schweitzer Vanessa G , Gardner Glendon , Worsham Maria J , Havard Shaleta 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTIntroductionMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, small, noncoding RNAs of 17 to 25 nucleotides that regulate approximately 30% of human genes. They are differentially expressed in various types of cancers compared with noncancerous tissues, suggesting that they may have crucial roles in tumorigenesis. The objective of this study was to identify laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC)-specific miRNAs.Materials and methodsA retrospective cohort of 10 LSCC and five normal laryngeal squamous epithelium samples were examined using a global miRNA profiling approach (HTG, Tucson, AZ, USA, 800 human miRNAs plus 10 endogenous control miRNAs). The expression status of selected dysregulated miRNAs that were significantly different from normal were verified by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR).ResultsTwenty-three of the 800 human miRNAs had significantly different expression levels (p < 0.05) between LSCC and normal tissues. Fifteen of the 23 have not been previously reported in HNSCC and include: miR-663b, miR-663, miR-193b, miR-1291, miR-720, miR-191, miR-1224-3p, miR-214, miR- 1285, miR-1207-5p, miR-483-5p, miR-1225-3p, miR-1228, miR-1280 and miR-638. Consistently upregulated miR-31 and miR- 193b and differentially expressed miR-663b in LSCC were verified by qPCR.ConclusionThe 15 novel miRNAs identified in this exploratory study, pending further confirmation and validation, may have clinical utility as LSCC-specific markers.How to cite this articleChen KM, Stephen JK, Havard S Shah V, Gardner G, Schweitzer VG, Worsham MJ. Novel Dysregulated MicroRNAs in Primary Laryngeal Squamous Cell Cancer. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2):76-81.
Clinical Photography for the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Practice
Authors: Danesh-Sani Seyed Amir 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTClinical photography is an essential part of oral and maxillofacial surgery practice. To produce high quality reproducible photos, it is necessary to be familiar with principles of clinical photography. This paper provides oral and maxillofacial surgeons with an overview of principles of photography, archival storage, error avoidance and clinical applications of digital cameras for obtaining a quality image.How to cite this articleDanesh-Sani SA. Clinical Photography for the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Practice. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2):87-91.
Biopsy and Tissue Processing Artifacts in Oral Mucosal Tissues
Authors: Kumar Kiran , Shetty Devi Charan , Dua Mahima 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTArtifact refers to an artificial structure or tissue alteration on a prepared microscopic slide—the result of an extraneous factor. It can result in alteration of normal morphologic and cytologic features that may occur as a result of the way the tissue has been handled, right from the time the biopsy, which is surgically obtained till the entire histopathological procedures of fixation, processing, embedding, sectioning and staining are performed on it. The procedures themselves subject to human and material errors resulting in an artifact may interfere with an adequate diagnosis or render the tissue to be undiagnosable. The present review provides in depth knowledge on the mismanagement of tissue during different biopsy sampling techniques and various processing procedures leading to the appearance of artifacts. Such familiarization in turn will contribute to knowledge of the material and instruments required for correct biopsy performance in dentistry, as well as of the material required for correct sample storage, transport and processing thereby necessitating stringent precision in technique at every step to enable an accurate diagnosis.How to cite this articleKumar K, Shetty DC, Dua M. Biopsy and Tissue Processing Artifacts in Oral Mucosal Tissues. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2):92-98.
Ameloblastoma arising in Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst: A Rare Histologic Variant
Authors: Biradar Vijaykumar Goudappagouda 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTCalcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) has shown to be of extensive diversity in its clinical and histological features, as well as in its biologic behavior.1In this report, a rare case of ameloblastoma arising in COC is presented.How to cite this articleBiradar VG. Ameloblastoma arising in Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst: A Rare Histologic Variant. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2):106-107.
Rare Tumors of the Neuroectodermal Origin: Report of Five Cases
Authors: Bauer Vladimir , Aleric Zorica , Jancic Ervin , Bujas Tatjana 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT
We present a case series of five patients who were diagnosed in our institution with rare tumors of neuroectodermal origin. They were discovered within 1 year, by two otorhinolaryngologists at the county hospital which covers the area of about 1,00,000 inhabitants. Neuroectodermal tumors of the head and neck are rare pathologies, with extremely varied clinical behavior, treatment and prognosis. The lack of symptom specificity, the low incidence of these tumors and the difficulties associated with histopathology are main reasons for delayed diagnosis and treatment. We point out that rare tumors, if considered individually, have a low incidence, some even negligible, but the pathology detected hundreds of types which increases the likelihood that we will encounter some of them in our practice. Second, the practice in medicine does not always follow the statistical and mathematical probabilities but should take into account less possible occurrences.

How to cite this article
Bauer V, Aleric Z, Jancic E, Bujas T. Rare Tumors of the Neuroectodermal Origin: Report of Five Cases. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2):108-111.
Type III Second Branchial Cleft Cyst
Authors: Dhoke Priti Rakesh , Khadakkar Sonali Prabhakar , Dhote Kanchan Sandeep , Choudhary Samir Vijay , Harkare Vivek Vishwas , Kamal Nudrat Parvez 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTCervical congenital cystic masses constitute an uncommon group of lesions usually diagnosed in infancy and childhood. Branchial cleft cysts are congenital lateral neck masses which manifest in the adolescents or in adulthood. They arise from the remnants of the branchial apparatus of embryonic life. Here, in this case, patient was presented with branchial cleft cyst at the age of 70 years. Computed tomography of neck showed well-circumscribed soft tissue mass extending from parotid region to lower cervical region with small ill-defined extension between internal and external carotid arteries which is pathognomonic of type III second branchial cleft cyst. Complete surgical excision was done. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of branchial cleft cyst.How to cite this articleChoudhary SV, Khadakkar SP, Harkare VV, Dhoke PR, Dhote KS, Kamal NP. Type III Second Branchial Cleft Cyst. Int J Head Neck Surg 2012;3(2):112-114.
The Effect of Three Different Disinfectant Materials on Polyether Impressions by Spray Method
Authors: Ghasemi Ehsan , Badrian Hamid , Hosseini Nafiseh , Khalighinejad Navid 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTBackgroundDentists, dental equipments and dental laboratories are exposed to different types of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of three different types of disinfectant agents: Sodium hypochlorite 0.525%, Epimax and Deconex, on polyether impressions after 5 and 10 minutes.Materials and methodsIn thisin vitroexperimental study, 66 circular samples of polyether impression material of 1 cm diameter and 2 mm thickness were contaminated withStaphylococcus aureus(ATCC29213)Pseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC27853) andCandida albicansfungus (PTCC5027). Except for control samples, all of them were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite 0.525, Deconex and Epimax by way of spraying. Afterward, they kept in plastic bags with humid rolled cotton for 5 and 10 minutes. In order to isolate bacteria, the samples were immersed in 2% trypsin for 1 hour and then the solution was diluted with normal salin in portion of 1, 1/2, and 1/4. The trypsin suspensions were transferred to culture plates and the number of colonies was counted after 24 and 48 hours for bacteria and after 72 hours for fungus. For data analysis Mann-Whitney statistical test was used (α = 0.05).ResultsEpimax and sodium hypochlorite thoroughly eliminatedCandida albicansas time elapsed from 5 to 10 minutes; however, the other two microorganisms were not eliminated completely. Deconex was completely efficient for all microorganisms when immersion time was enhanced from 5 to 10 minutes. There was a significant difference between efficacy of Deconex-sodium hypochlorite and sodium hypochlorite-Epimax forPseudomonas aeruginosain 5-minute immersion (p-value:0/046) Moreover, Deconex and sodium hypochlorite were significantly different forStaphylococcus aureus(p-value:0/046) andPseudomonas aeruginosain 10-minute immersion (p < 0.05).ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, none of the three disinfection materials could eradicate three different kinds of microorganisms in 5 minutes, but in 10 minutes, Deconex could completely eradicate all microorganisms compared to other disinfection agents, which is a good indicator for high efficacy of this agent in disinfecting polyether impressions.How to cite this articleGhasemi E, Badrian H, Hosseini N, Khalighinejad N. The Effect of Three Different Disinfectant Materials on Polyether Impressions by Spray Method. World J Dent 2012;3(3):229-233.
Effect of 1% Metronidazole Rinsing Solution on the Occurrence of Complications after Tooth Extraction: A Clinical Trial Study
Authors: Badrian Hamid , Haghighat Abbas , Khorrami Behnam , Khalighinajad Navid , Rajaei Majid 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Extraction of impacted third molar is a very common operation performed by dentists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons. This surgery is usually done without complications occurring; however, some complications arise from time to time. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1% metronidazole rinsing solution on the occurrence of complications after extraction of impacted third molars.

Materials and methods
In this clinical trial study 120 males and females aged 20 to 35 took part, randomly divided into two groups, each including 60 participants. In the case group, mandibular third molar socket was rinsed with 1% metronidazole rinsing solution in duration of the surgery extraction, while normal saline was used for the control group. Afterwards, four common complications—dry socket syndrome, swelling, pain and trismus - were evaluated at 24 hours, 3, 7 and 14 days following the operation. Data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney and t-test using SPSS software version 16.

Results
Except for pain 24 hours after the operation, none of the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05).

Discussion
The results of this study show that using 1% metronidazole rinsing solution is not helpful in decreasing the occurrence of complications after extraction of an impacted third molar. It is therefore not recommended to use this solution until advantages are proved to prevent bacterial tolerance.

How to cite this article
Haghighat A, Khorrami B, Badrian H, Khalighinajad N, Rajaei M. Effect of 1% Metronidazole Rinsing Solution on the Occurrence of Complications after Tooth Extraction: A Clinical Trial Study. World J Dent 2012;3(3): 234-238.
Availability of Cariogenic Foods in Primary School Canteens of Abha City, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Togoo Rafi Ahmed , Meer Zakirulla , Kandlaya Reena , Yaseen Syed Mohammed , Al-Shehri Turki Dhafer , Al-Ghamdi Hatim Ghormallah 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT

Objective
To obtain base line data about the availability of cariogenic foods in the primary school canteens in the city of Abha, Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods
The present study was performed in 6 to 10-year-old school boys living in Abha city in 2012. Eight public primary schools with canteen facilities were randomly selected and all the children in the schools were included in the study. Data was collected to know the availability of foods which are cariogenic and the students were made to answer a questionnaire that had questions about their source of food intake.

Results
A total number of 1,807 primary school students participated in the study. 87% of the items available in school canteens were cariogenic and only 13% were noncariogenic. 1505 (83%) school children get food from home, 263 (15%) depend entirely on the canteen, 1320 (73%) eat from both home and canteen and only 158 (8%) of the school children rely entirely on homemade food.

Conclusion
The canteens should reinforce the classroom programs relating to food, nutrition and health. Standard guidelines have to be implemented throughout Saudi Arabia about eating habits in school and improve the overall nutritional quality of school food.

How to cite this article
Togoo RA, Meer Z, Kandlaya R, Yaseen SM, Al-Shehri TD, Al-Ghamdi HG. Availability of Cariogenic Foods in Primary School Canteens of Abha City, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. World J Dent 2012;3(3):239-242.