bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimising central venous catheter placement by comparing cavoatrial junction position to chest X‐ray landmarks: A cross‐sectional study using CT chest reconstruction
Authors: Kandasamy Mayooran , Xue Stanley , McGregor Nigel , Xiang Hao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionCentral venous catheter (CVC) tip placement guided by chest X‐ray (CXR) landmarks is currently prone to inconsistency and malpositioning. This study aims to better define the relationship between the cavoatrial junction (CAJ) and selected X‐ray landmarks.MethodsChest CTs of 100 patients were retrospectively assessed. CT images were converted to a ‘virtual CXR’ using a digital workstation, enabling simultaneous localisation of the CAJ and evaluation of CXR landmarks. Vertical distances between the CAJ and selected landmarks were measured for each patient. Measurements were assessed for correlation with age and compared between age groups and sexes.ResultsThe mean vertical distance of the following landmarks above the CAJ was found: the carina (46.2 mm), the intersection of the bronchus intermedius and the right heart border (7.6 mm) and the superior inflection of the right heart border (Sup‐RHB) (13.0 mm). The maximum lateral bulge of the right heart border (Lat‐RHB) was 18.4 mm below the CAJ. A new landmark: the mid‐superior right heart border, defined as the mid‐point between the Sup‐RHB and Lat‐RHB, was the closest to the CAJ, lying 2.6 mm below the CAJ.ConclusionWe propose that the CVC tip can be placed at the mid‐superior right heart border landmark.
A retrospective study of efficacy of tofacitinib combined with bDMARDs in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients with inadequate response to bDMARDs
Authors: Chang Jie , Wang Gang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation, joint swelling, and pain involving multiple joints. While biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and targeted synthetic DMARDs (tsDMARDs) are popular treatments for RA, there is limited research on their combined use. This study examined a cohort of RA patients who demonstrated inadequate response to bDMARDs and subsequently initiated combination therapy with tofacitinib and bDMARDs, assessing both the efficacy and safety profile of this therapeutic approach.MethodsIn this study, we retrospectively collected the electronic medical records (EMR) of 62 adult patients with RA who were admitted to the Fourth Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine between August 2018 and December 2022. All patients had received at least one bDMARD treatment for more than 3 months and still exhibited moderate‐to‐high disease activity. Tofacitinib 5 mg bid was added to their original biological treatment in 28 cases, and other 34 cases switched to another bDMARD or tsDMARD as control group. Treatment was continued for 24 weeks following the initiation of combination therapy. Changes in DAS28‐ESR and ACR20, 50, 70 response rates at week 24 were collected and analyzed from baseline, while changes in C‐reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at weeks 4, 8, 12, 24 were also collected and analyzed.ResultsAfter 24 weeks of treatment, the DAS28‐ESR score in combined treatment group decreased significantly from a baseline of 5.26 ± 0.90 (3.87–8.31) to 2.67 ± 0.86 (1.41–5.11), with remission achieved by 19 patients (67.9%) and low disease activity achieved by five patients (17.9%). The DAS28‐ESR in the control group exhibited a decrease from 5.20 ± 0.77 (3.87–7.23) at baseline to 3.25 ± 1.29 (1.54–5.69). In all, 13 patients (38.2%) achieved remission, while another 11 patients (32.4%) achieved low disease activity. The ACR20, 50, 70 response rates were 85.71%, 75%, and 39.29% in the combined treatment group, whereas it were 75.0%, 53.57%, 21.43% in the control group. Additionally, both ESR and CRP levels decreased significantly during the course of treatment without any reported adverse events leading to discontinuation.ConclusionOur findings offer some evidence, supporting the effectiveness and safety of combining bDMARD with JAKi tofacitinib in RA patients who have an inadequate response to bDMARD monotherapy. This combination effectively manages disease activity while maintaining a relatively low and manageable incidence of adverse events. Further prospective randomized controlled trials with large sample sizes are anticipated to provide evidence‐based medical support.
Periodic protein‐restricted diets extend the lifespan of high‐fat diet‐induced Drosophila melanogaster males
Authors: Wang Ruohua , Zhu Qiushuang , Huang He , Yang Mengxia , Wang Xinyue , Dong Yuanjie , Li Yuqiao , Guan Yue , Zhong Lei , Niu Yucun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearch has shown that sustained protein restriction can improve the effects of a high‐fat diet on health and extend lifespan. However, long‐term adherence to a protein‐restricted diet is challenging. Therefore, we used a fly model to investigate whether periodic protein restriction (PPR) could also mitigate the potential adverse effects of a high‐fat diet and extend healthy lifespan. Our study results showed that PPR reduced body weight, lipid levels, and oxidative stress induced by a high‐fat diet in flies and significantly extended the healthy lifespan of male flies. Lipid metabolism and transcriptome results revealed that the common differences between the PPR group and the control group and high‐fat group showed a significant decrease in palmitic acid in the PPR group; the enriched common differential pathways Toll and Imd were significantly inhibited in the PPR group. Further analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between palmitic acid levels and gene expression in the Toll and Imd pathways. This suggests that PPR effectively improves fruit fly lipid metabolism, reduces palmitic acid levels, and thereby suppresses the Toll and Imd pathways to extend the healthy lifespan of flies. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the long‐term effects of PPR on health and offers a new dietary adjustment option for maintaining health in the long term.
Refining the scope of genetic influences on alcohol misuse through environmental stratification and gene–environment interaction
Authors: Savage Jeanne E. , de Leeuw Christiaan A. , Werme Josefin ,   Spit for Science Working Group, Dick Danielle M. , Posthuma Danielle , van der Sluis Sophie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundGene–environment interaction (G × E) is likely an important influence shaping individual differences in alcohol misuse (AM), yet it has not been extensively studied in molecular genetic research. In this study, we use a series of genome‐wide gene–environment interaction (GWEIS) and in silico annotation methods with the aim of improving gene identification and biological understanding of AM.MethodsWe carried out GWEIS for four AM phenotypes in the large UK Biobank sample (N = 360,314), with trauma exposure and socioeconomic status (SES) as moderators of the genetic effects. Exploratory analyses compared stratified genome‐wide association (GWAS) and GWEIS modeling approaches. We applied functional annotation, gene‐ and gene‐set enrichment, and polygenic score analyses to interpret the GWEIS results.ResultsGWEIS models showed few genetic variants with significant interaction effects across gene–environment pairs. Enrichment analyses identified moderation by SES of the genes NOXA1, DLGAP1, and UBE2L3 on drinking quantity and the gene IFIT1B on drinking frequency. Except for DLGAP1, these genes have not previously been linked to AM. The most robust results (GWEIS interaction p = 4.59e‐09) were seen for SES moderating the effects of variants linked to immune‐related genes on a pattern of drinking with versus without meals.ConclusionsOur results highlight several genes and a potential mechanism of immune system functioning behind the moderating effect of SES on the genetic influences on AM. Although GWEIS seems to be a preferred approach over stratified GWAS, modeling G × E effects at the molecular level remains a challenge even in large samples. Understanding these effects will require substantial effort and more in‐depth phenotypic measurement.
A sense of urgency: Trait impulsivity in co‐occurring bipolar and alcohol use disorder
Authors: Brand Kaiya , Mellick William , Tolliver Bryan , Prisciandaro James J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundBipolar disorder (BD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) often co‐occur, with BD + AUD characterized by higher levels of impulsivity relative to either disorder alone. Emotional facets of impulsivity (e.g., “urgency,” measured by the UPPS‐P), however, remain underexplored in this population and could have distinct associations with clinical correlates.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used a two‐by‐two (BDxAD) factorial design, including groups with BD + AD (n = 28), BD (n = 29), AD (n = 28), and healthy controls (HC) (n = 27), to identify between‐group differences among the five subscales of the UPPS‐P. Associations of UPPS‐P subscales with Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) total scores and clinical variables of interest were also examined.ResultsBD + AD had the highest scores for every UPPS‐P subscale but Sensation Seeking, with the Positive and Negative Urgency subscales having the largest main effects for both BD and AD. BIS‐11 total scores were most correlated with the urgency subscales of the UPPS‐P. Negative Urgency was found to be uniquely relevant to clinical measures in the BD + AD group. Rapid cycling was associated with both urgency subscales and BIS‐11 scores, and the Alcohol Dependence Scale was most correlated with the Premeditation subscale.LimitationsCross sectional design and predominantly white sample.ConclusionsUnlike the BIS‐11, UPPS‐P is able to distinguish emotional from nonemotional facets of impulsivity, something especially relevant to people with co‐occurring BD + AD, where fluid emotionality is a key part of symptom presentation. For this reason, the UPPS‐P should be utilized in future studies and clinical settings measuring trait impulsivity in this population.
Mandatory disclosure of key audit matters and the choice of earnings management
Authors: Chen Xiaoqi , Li Maoliang , Nduakoh Dorcas , Yau Ling Na Belinda 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper examines client managers' earnings management choices following the adoption of mandatory reporting on key audit matters in the UK. Using a difference‐in‐differences design, we find that managers engage less in accrual‐based earnings management and more in real earnings management after the introduction of key audit matter (KAM) reporting. With textual data, we show that the disclosure characteristics (such as specificity, similarity, readability and length) and types of KAMs also affect the choice of earnings management. The decrease in accrual‐based earnings management is eclipsed by the increase in real earnings management; thus, total earnings management does not change significantly.
Does the presence of executives with a marketing background affect stock price crash risk?
Authors: Jin Yu , Wang Rui , Zhang Yi , Li Zhongze 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates how marketing executives influence stock price (SP) crash risk from a corporate governance perspective. We find that firms with a higher percentage of marketing executives tend to experience SP crashes. Our mechanism analysis reveals that marketing executives contribute to this risk by exacerbating agency costs and lowering the quality of information disclosure. Furthermore, the impact of marketing executive influence is particularly prominent when the firm's analyst coverage is extensive, industry market competition is low, and the legal and investor protection environment is weak. These findings highlight the significant impact of marketing executive power on a company's stock market performance. They provide valuable insights for improving corporate governance of Chinese listed companies and strengthening investor protection in China's capital market.
Exploring learning characteristics and progression of GP trainees based in regional, rural and remote settings: A qualitative study
Authors: Anderson Emily , Gurney Tiana , Young Louise , O'Sullivan Belinda , McArthur Lawrie , McGrail Matthew , Hollins Aaron 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveGlobally, most doctors train and work in metropolitan areas but a key strategy for developing the rural health workforce is expanding rural training. The aim of this study was to describe the scope and quality of learning along with skill acquisition of GP trainees based in regional, rural, and remote settings.SettingRegional, rural and remote settings in Queensland Australia excluding Brisbane.ParticipantsThirty‐seven general practice trainees who had undertaken their first community placement were recruited from regional, rural and remote learning settings within Queensland.DesignQualitative descriptive methodology based on constructionist epistemology was employed which allowed for the exploration of current GP trainees' experiences. Trainees were interviewed and data were thematically analysed as to the scope and quality of learning by the setting of training. Learning experiences were then mapped against the Dreyfus and Dreyfus model to explore skill acquisition.ResultsIn terms of the scope and quality of learning, rural and remote trainees mainly focused on the diverse and unique (sometimes challenging) experiences their setting offered compared with regionally based trainees. Mapping of the trainee comments to the Dreyfus model of skill acquisition demonstrated that regardless of setting, equivalent learning occurred by GP trainees.ConclusionsThis exploratory study provides evidence that rural and remote learning may provide a more diverse and challenging experience. It suggests an equivalence of quality of education and skill acquisition across settings rural, regional and remote. This suggests that the training distribution policies may not disadvantage GP trainees and the scope and quality of more remote learning may increase uptake of remote placements.
Subcutaneous adipose tissue: Implications in dermatological diseases and beyond
Authors: Ziadlou Reihane , Pandian Ganesh N. , Hafner Jürg , Akdis Cezmi A. , Stingl Georg , Maverakis Emanual , Brüggen Marie‐Charlotte 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSubcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is the deepest component of the three‐layered cutaneous integument. While mesenteric adipose tissue‐based immune processes have gained recognition in the context of the metabolic syndrome, SAT has been traditionally considered primarily for energy storage, with less attention to its immune functions. SAT harbors a reservoir of immune and stromal cells that significantly impact metabolic and immunologic processes not only in the skin, but even on a systemic level. These processes include wound healing, cutaneous and systemic infections, immunometabolic, and autoimmune diseases, inflammatory skin diseases, as well as neoplastic conditions. A better understanding of SAT immune functions in different processes, could open avenues for novel therapeutic interventions. Targeting SAT may not only address SAT‐specific diseases but also offer potential treatments for cutaneous or even systemic conditions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on SAT's structure and functions, highlight recent advancements in understanding its role in both homeostatic and pathological conditions within and beyond the skin, and discuss the main questions for future research in the field.
What alters prognosis in patients who were operated for lung cancer with lymph node metastasis?
Authors: Cimenoglu Berk , Ozdemir Attila , Buz Mesut , Dogruyol Talha , Turan Nedim , Demirhan Recep 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn this study, we investigated the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent surgery with proven lymph node metastasis.MethodsPatients who were operated for lung cancer with pN1 or pN2 were examined in the study. The clinicopathological features and survival of the subjects were evaluated according to pN1‐pN2 status, presence of neoadjuvant treatment, Positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) avidity on mediastinal lymph nodes and specific lymph node stations.ResultsThe study examines 100 patients operated from January 2016 to December 2021. Number of cases with pN1 and pN2 disease were 45 (45%) and 55 (55%) respectively. Thirty (30%) patients received neoadjuvant treatment. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) of the patients were computed as 42.5% and 42.4% correspondingly. The 5‐year cancer‐related survival was 55.3%. In pN2 cohort, 5‐year DFS was 67.9% in the neoadjuvant group and 15.9% in the non‐neoadjuvant group (P = 0.042). In non‐neoadjuvant group, 5‐year DFS was 19.9% in cases with mediastinal PET/CT avidity and 56.3% in patients without mediastinal PET/CT avidity (P = 0.018). In pN2 disease, the presence of subcarinal or paratracheal lymph node metastasis did not create a significant difference in 5‐year OS or DFS, but pulmonary ligament lymph node metastasis was found to be linked with worse survival in both 5‐year OS (P = 0.005) and DFS (P = 0.017).ConclusionThe main elements related with poor prognosis were absence of neoadjuvant treatment and pulmonary ligament lymph node metastasis in pN2 disease, detecting PET/CT avid mediastinal lymph nodes in non‐neoadjuvant group.
Outcomes of rectal cancer treatment in rural Australia and New Zealand: analysis of the bowel cancer outcomes registry
Authors: Murshed Ishmam , Dinger Tessa L. , de Gaay Fortman Duveke P. E. , Traeger Luke , Bedrikovetski Sergei , Hunter Andrew , Kroon Hidde M. , Sammour Tarik 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe demographics and geography of Australia and New Zealand (ANZ), with few metropolitan centres and vast, sparsely populated rural areas, represent a challenge to providing equal care to all patients. This study aimed to compare rectal cancer care at rural and urban hospitals in ANZ.MethodsFrom the Bowel Cancer Outcomes Registry (BCOR, formerly known as the Bi‐National Colorectal Cancer Audit; BCCA), rectal cancer patients treated between 2007 and 2020 were compared based on hospital location (urban versus rural). Propensity‐score matching was performed to correct for differences in baseline characteristics between groups.ResultsA total of 9385 rectal cancer patients were identified from the BCOR: 1329 (14.2%) were treated at rural hospitals and 8056 (85.8%) at urban hospitals. Propensity‐score matching resulted in 889 patients in each group, matched for age, ASA score, hospital type (public/private), tumour height from the anal verge, and pre‐treatment cT‐ and cAJCC‐stage. Rural patients had fewer pre‐treatment MRIs (67.9% versus 74.7%; P = 0.002), and underwent less neoadjuvant therapy (44.7% versus 50.9%; P = 0.01). Rural patients underwent fewer ULARs (39.4% versus 45.6%; P = 0.03), and fewer anastomoses were formed (67.9% versus 74.4%; P = 0.05). CRM rates and postoperative AJCC stages (P = 0.19) were similar between groups (P = 0.87). Fewer rural patients received adjuvant chemotherapy (37.8% versus 43.3%; P = 0.02).ConclusionThere are significant differences in pre‐treatment MRI rates, (neo)adjuvant treatment rates and surgical procedures performed between rectal cancer patients treated at rural and urban hospitals in ANZ, while CRM rates and postoperative AJCC stages are similar.
Challenges around diagnosis of early onset colorectal cancer, and the case for screening
Authors: Waddell Oliver , Keenan Jacqueline , Frizelle Frank 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed cancer in the world, with an estimated 1.93 million cases diagnosed in 2020. While the overall CRC incidence in many countries is falling there has been a dramatic increase in CRC in those aged under 50 (early onset colorectal cancer, EOCRC). The reason for this increase in EOCRC is unknown. As the best predictor of survival is stage at diagnosis, early diagnosis is likely to be beneficial and population screening may facilitate this.MethodsA narrative review of the literature was undertaken.ResultsImproving time to diagnosis in symptomatic patients is beneficial. However, by the time symptoms develop, over a third of patients already have metastatic disease. Screening asymptomatic patients (with Faecal Immunochemical test (FIT) and colonoscopy) has been proved to be effective in older patients (>60 years). In younger populations, the decreasing incidence rates of CRC previously made cost effectiveness, compliance and therefore benefit questionable. Now, with the increasing incidence of CRC in those under 50 years of age, modelling suggests screening with FIT and colonoscopy is cost effective from 40 years of age. There is evidence that some countries screening below 50 have prevented the rise in EOCRC incidence. Additionally the use of new and novel non‐invasive biomarkers may also be able to improve the accuracy of screening asymptomatic patients.ConclusionDiagnosis of EOCRC once symptoms develop is often too late, and screening patients from age 40 is the best way to improve outcomes in this group.
Not our kind of crowd! How partisan bias distorts perceptions of political bots on Twitter (now X)
Authors: Lüders Adrian , Reiss Stefan , Dinkelberg Alejandro , MacCarron Pádraig , Quayle Michael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSocial bots, employed to manipulate public opinion, pose a novel threat to digital societies. Existing bot research has emphasized technological aspects while neglecting psychological factors shaping human–bot interactions. This research addresses this gap within the context of the US‐American electorate. Two datasets provide evidence that partisanship distorts (a) online users' representation of bots, (b) their ability to identify them, and (c) their intentions to interact with them. Study 1 explores global bot perceptions on through survey data from N = 452 Twitter (now X) users. Results suggest that users tend to attribute bot‐related dangers to political adversaries, rather than recognizing bots as a shared threat to political discourse. Study 2 (N = 619) evaluates the consequences of such misrepresentations for the quality of online interactions. In an online experiment, participants were asked to differentiate between human and bot profiles. Results indicate that partisan leanings explained systematic judgement errors. The same data suggest that participants aim to avoid interacting with bots. However, biased judgements may undermine this motivation in praxis. In sum, the presented findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary strategies that consider technological and human factors to address the threats posed by bots in a rapidly evolving digital landscape.
Childhood glaucoma: Implications for genetic counselling
Authors: Maxwell Giorgina , Souzeau Emmanuelle 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChildhood glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of ocular disorders defined by an age of onset from birth to 18 years. These vision‐threatening disorders require early diagnosis, timely treatment, and lifelong management to maintain vision and minimise irreversible blindness. The genetics of childhood glaucoma is complex with both phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. The purpose of this review is to summarise the different types of childhood glaucoma and their genetic architecture to aid in the genetic counselling process with patients and their families. We provide an overview of associated syndromes and discuss implications for genetic counselling, including genetic testing strategies, cascade genetic testing, and reproductive options.