bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing the Way We Do Business: Recommendations to Accelerate Biomarker Development in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Tempero Margaret A. , Klimstra David , Berlin Jordan , Hollingsworth Tony , Kim Paula , Merchant Nipun , Moore Malcolm , Pleskow Doug , Wang-Gillam Andrea , Lowy Andrew M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most aggressive of all epithelial malignancies. In contrast to the favorable trends seen in most other common malignancies, the five-year survival of patients with this disease remains only 6%, a statistic that has changed minimally for decades. Only two drugs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in pancreatic cancer in the last 15 years, and there are no established strategies for early detection. Clin Cancer Res; 19(3); 538–40. ©2012 AACR.
Analysis of Occlusal Stresses Transmitted to the Inferior Alveolar Nerve by Multiple Threaded Implants
Authors: Sammartino G. , Wang Hom‐Lay , Citarella R. , Lepore M. , Marenzi G. 
Published: January 2013

Background: Potential nerve injury or loss of sensation can occur after mandibular implant placement or loading. To avoid this type of damage, it is critical to determine the proper distance from implants to the mandibular nerve. Hence, the purpose of this study is to use biomechanical analyses to determine the safe distance from multiple implants to the inferior alveolar nerve.Methods: Using the boundary element method, a numerical mandibular model was designed to simulate a mandibular segment containing multiple threaded fixtures. This model allows assessment of the pressure, as induced by occlusal loads, on the trigeminal nerve. Such pressure distribution was evaluated against different distances from the fixtures to the mandibular canal, against the possible lack of the central fixture in a three‐abutment configuration, and against different levels of implant osseointegration. All the simulations considered a canal that is orthogonal to the implant axis.Results: Nerve pressure increased quickly when the implant–canal distance decreased in the range studied. Lack of the central implant to support the central abutment caused major increases in nerve pressure.Conclusions: This study suggests a minimal implant–canal distance of 1 mm to prevent inferior alveolar nerve damage caused by three connected implants. For clinical safety, an additional 0.5 mm is recommended as a cushion, so a 1.5‐mm minimal distance should be planned to avoid potential nerve injury.
Does retained‐seed priming drive the evolution of serotiny in drylands? An assessment using the cactus Mammillaria hernandezii
Authors: Santini Bianca A. , Martorell Carlos 
Published: January 2013

• Premise of the study: Serotinous plants retain their seeds for a long time. In deserts, retained seeds undergo hydration‐dehydration cycles and thus may become primed. Priming enhances germination and seedling vigor. We test the hypothesis that serotiny evolves because it provides a site protected from predators in which seeds can become primed. Rainfall‐cued dispersal of primed seeds may enhance this effect.• Methods: We tested this hypothesis with Mammillaria hernandezii through protein‐content analyses; field and laboratory germination experiments with primed, unprimed, and retained seeds; and fitness estimations from demographic models.• Key results: Hydration‐dehydration cycles induced priming, enhancing germination. Artificial priming and retention in the parent plant for 1 yr induced similar changes in seed protein patterns, suggesting that priming occurs naturally while seeds are retained. Under field conditions, germination of seeds retained for 1 yr more than doubled that of seeds of the same cohort that were not primed or that remained buried for 1 yr. The first seeds to germinate died rapidly. Serotinous plants whose seeds underwent priming had higher fitness than those whose seeds were in the soil seed bank or that did not experience priming.• Conclusions: Priming in soil seed banks may be costly because of high predation, so seed protection during priming is sufficient to promote the evolution of serotiny. Bet hedging contributes to this process. Rapid germination of primed seeds that respond to brief rainfall events is disadvantageous because such rainfall is insufficient for seedling survival. Serotinous species counteract this cost by cueing dispersal with heavy precipitation.
Polymorphism at genes involved in salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Puerma Eva , Aguadé Montserrat 
Published: January 2013

• Premise of the study: Genes involved in relevant functions for environmental adaptation can be considered primary candidates for their variation having been shaped by natural selection. Detecting recent selective events through their footprint on nucleotide variation constitutes a challenging task in species with a complex demographic history such as Arabidopsis thaliana. We have surveyed nucleotide variation in this species at nine genes involved in salt tolerance. The available genomewide information for this species has allowed us to contrast the levels and patterns of variation detected at the candidate genes with empirical distributions obtained from noncandidate regions.• Methods: We sequenced nine genes involved in salt tolerance (∼32 kb) in 20 ecotypes of A. thaliana and analyzed polymorphism and divergence at the individual gene and multilocus levels.• Key results: Variation at the nine genes studied was characterized by a generalized skew toward polymorphisms with low‐frequency variants. Except for genes RCD1 and NHX8, this pattern was similar to that generally detected in the A. thaliana genome and could thus be primarily explained by the species demographic history. The more extreme deviation at the NHX8 gene and its excess of polymorphism relative to divergence points to the recent action of selection on this gene.• Conclusions: The analysis of nucleotide polymorphism and divergence at nine genes involved in salt tolerance provided little evidence for the recent action of positive selection. Only the signals detected at NHX8 from both polymorphism and divergence were suggestive of the putative contribution of this gene to local adaptation.
Incorporating feedforward action into self‐optimising control policies
Authors: Umar Lia Maisarah , Cao Yi , Kariwala Vinay 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe available methods for the selection of controlled variables (CVs), using the concept of self‐optimising control (SOC), focus on finding CVs, which are held at constant setpoints using a feedback controller. In this paper, it is shown that better self‐optimising properties can be achieved by incorporating feedforward action using measured disturbances in the SOC policies. The resulting operational policy allows the setpoints for CVs to be varied with measured disturbances, allowing for near‐optimal operation in the presence of disturbances and uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through its application to an exothermic reactor and a forced‐circulation evaporator.
11C Click Chemistry Using [11C]Methyl Azide: Simplified, Versatile, and Practical Alternative Access to [11C]Nucleosides and [11C]Oligonucleotides for PET Imaging
Authors: Bordenave Thomas , Hazari Puja Panwar , James Damien , Mishra Anil K. , Szlosek‐Pinaud Magali , Fouquet Eric 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis communication reports the simplified formation of methyl azide and its use in the Huisgen cycloaddition for the rapid, efficient, and selective labeling of modified nucleosides and oligonucleotides. The transposition to radioactive chemistry is presented, and this furnishes practical access to [11C]methylated tracers for positron emission tomography imaging.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Carboxylic Acids with N,N‐Dialkylformamides: An Approach to the Synthesis of Amides
Authors: Kumar P. Santhosh , Kumar G. Sathish , Kumar R. Arun , Reddy N. Veera , Rajender Reddy K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA new synthetic approach for amide bond formation through the oxidative coupling of N,N‐dialkylformamides with carboxylic acids was achieved by using a copper catalyst. Furthermore, this method was applied in the coupling of chiral amino acids in which the stereochemistry was retained in the resulting amide products.
3D Dendritic Nanostructure of Silver‐Array: Preparation, Growth Mechanism and Application in Nitrate Sensor
Authors: Hu Jingfang , Sun Jizhou , Bian Chao , Tong Jianhua , Shanhong Xia 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA 3D dendritic nanostructure of silver‐array (DSA) was prepared via electrodeposition on an interdigitated array (IDA) microelectrode. For preparation of this nanostructure, the optimal parameters such as deposition potential, deposition time, the electrode bandwidth and gap size were systematically investigated. It was found that the edge effect of the IDA microelectrode is a key factor for controlling the 3D dendritic growth of silver. Furthermore, the formation of the 3D dendritic morphology was discussed from the aspect of electrochemical nucleation theory and nonequilibrium growth dynamics to give a deep understanding of its growth mechanism. For its potential practical application, we showed that the as‐prepared 3D DSA nanomaterial exhibited high electrocatalytic reduction ability to nitrate in neutral solution and excellent performance for nitrate determination. An amperometric nitrate microsensor based on the 3D DSA was obtained.
Fabrication of FITC‐doped silica nanoparticles and study of their cellular uptake in the presence of lectins
Authors: Kotsuchibashi Yohei , Zhang Yiyao , Ahmed Marya , Ebara Mitsuhiro , Aoyagi Takao , Narain Ravin 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFluorescent silica nanoparticles are reported to be highly stable and biocompatible materials with high water solubility, which make them ideal candidates for biological applications. These nanoparticles can also be modified with biocompatible and targeting moieties and can be used for a variety of in vitro and in vivo applications, such as targeting, particle tracking, cargo carrier, and as contrast agents. In this study, fluorescent dye‐doped silica nanoparticles were prepared by a modified Stöber method. The nanoparticles produced were surface functionalized with amine moieties for their conjugation with glucose‐derived and galactose‐based residues. The amine, glucose‐derived, and galactose‐based functionalized fluorescent silica nanoparticles were analyzed for their physiochemical properties such as sizes, polydispersities, organic layer content, and surface chemistries. The nanoparticles produced were then studied for their interactions with carbohydrate‐specific lectins. These lectin bioconjugates have helped in understanding their interactions with cell‐surface receptors. As expected, galactose‐functionalized nanoparticles were found to specifically interact with RCA120, as compared to other nanoparticles. These specific interactions of galactose‐lectin conjugates were further studied on the hepatocytes cell surface in vitro. The aggregation of galactose‐lectins conjugates on the plasma membrane was possibly due to the specific interactions of carbohydrates with cell‐surface glycoproteins, hence preventing the uptake of these nanoparticles. The study has provided an interesting approach to mark the cell‐surface glycoproteins with fluorescent probes using a combination of lectin‐carbohydrate conjugates. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Monolignol Pathway 4-Coumaric Acid:Coenzyme A Ligases in Populus. trichocarpa: Novel Specificity, Metabolic Regulation, and Simulation of Coenzyme A Ligation Fluxes
Authors: Chen Hsi-Chuan , Song Jina , Williams Cranos M. , Shuford Christopher M. , Liu Jie , Wang Jack P. , Li Quanzi , Shi Rui , Gokce Emine , Ducoste Joel , Muddiman David C. , Sederoff Ronald R. , Chiang Vincent L. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
4-Coumaric acid:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) is involved in monolignol biosynthesis for lignification in plant cell walls. It ligates coenzyme A (CoA) with hydroxycinnamic acids, such as 4-coumaric and caffeic acids, into hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA thioesters. The ligation ensures the activated state of the acid for reduction into monolignols. In Populus spp., it has long been thought that one monolignol-specific 4CL is involved. Here, we present evidence of two monolignol 4CLs, Ptr4CL3 and Ptr4CL5, in Populus trichocarpa. Ptr4CL3 is the ortholog of the monolignol 4CL reported for many other species. Ptr4CL5 is novel. The two Ptr4CLs exhibited distinct Michaelis-Menten kinetic properties. Inhibition kinetics demonstrated that hydroxycinnamic acid substrates are also inhibitors of 4CL and suggested that Ptr4CL5 is an allosteric enzyme. Experimentally validated flux simulation, incorporating reaction/inhibition kinetics, suggested two CoA ligation paths in vivo: one through 4-coumaric acid and the other through caffeic acid. We previously showed that a membrane protein complex mediated the 3-hydroxylation of 4-coumaric acid to caffeic acid. The demonstration here of two ligation paths requiring these acids supports this 3-hydroxylation function. Ptr4CL3 regulates both CoA ligation paths with similar efficiencies, whereas Ptr4CL5 regulates primarily the caffeic acid path. Both paths can be inhibited by caffeic acid. The Ptr4CL5-catalyzed caffeic acid metabolism, therefore, may also act to mitigate the inhibition by caffeic acid to maintain a proper ligation flux. A high level of caffeic acid was detected in stem-differentiating xylem of P. trichocarpa. Our results suggest that Ptr4CL5 and caffeic acid coordinately modulate the CoA ligation flux for monolignol biosynthesis.
A procedure to analyse the strategic outliers and the multiple motivations in a contingent valuation
Authors: Franco Daniel , Luiselli Luca 
Published: January 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe a methodological approach to analyse the strategic outliers and the multiple motivations in a contingent valuation used for a real policy case study.Design/methodology/approachThe used approach rationalises the cross comparison of the overall different information levels obtained by the survey to outline a qualitative‐quantitative pattern of the relations between the rationale and other motivations of preference behaviours.FindingsThe paper found that no assumption or investigation tool used alone was sufficient to explain the respondents elicited preferences. The results confirm that those who are willing to pay also hold significant motives other than the rationale ones influencing their decisions.Research limitations/implicationsThe approach allows to reasonably rule the sharing‐out of true zero values from “protest zeros” avoiding the risk of arbitrarily excluding valid data from the CV analyses.Practical implicationsThe approach may overpass the reasons behind the provision point mechanism; hence, the authors suggest to extend this procedure to divergent environmental contexts to verify the generality of the methodology.Originality/valueThe adopted procedure shows that the use of monetary estimates of ecological services to support sustainable decision processes can be acceptable if coupled with the multiple motivations that hold them.
A comparison of the pharmacological profiles of prasugrel and ticagrelor assessed by platelet aggregation, thrombus formation and haemostasis in rats
Authors: Sugidachi A , Ohno K , Ogawa T , Jakubowski JA , Hashimoto M , Tomizawa A 
Published: January 2013

Background and PurposePrasugrel is a third‐generation thienopyridine prodrug and ticagrelor is a non‐competitive P2Y12 receptor antagonist. In their phase 3 studies, both agents reduced rates of ischemic events relative to treatment with clopidogrel.Experimental ApproachThe pharmacodynamic profile of anti‐platelet effects of prasugrel was compared with that of ticagrelor in rats.Key ResultsThe active metabolite of prasugrel was less potent than ticagrelor and its active metabolite on platelet aggregation in vitro. In contrast, prasugrel was a more potent antiplatelet agent than ticagrelor on ex vivo platelet aggregation: their ED50 values at peak for ADP 20 μmol·L−1 were 1.9 and 8.0 mg·kg−1, respectively. Prasugrel's inhibition of platelet aggregation was maintained for up to 24 h after administration, but ticagrelor's duration of action was substantially shorter. Prasugrel and ticagrelor significantly inhibited thrombus formation with ED50 values of 1.8 and 7.7 mg·kg−1, respectively. Both agents also prolonged bleeding times (ED200 values of 3.0 and 13 mg·kg−1 respectively) suggesting that at equivalent levels of inhibition of platelet aggregation, the agents would show comparable antithrombotic activity with similar bleeding risk. Platelet transfusion significantly increased blood platelet numbers similarly in prasugrel‐ and ticagrelor‐treated rats. In the prasugrel‐treated group, platelet transfusion caused significant shortening of bleeding time, while in the ticagrelor‐treated group, platelet transfusion showed no influence on bleeding time under the experimental conditions employed.Conclusions and ImplicationsPrasugrel and ticagrelor showed several differences in their pharmacological profiles and these disparities may reflect their differing reversibility and/or pharmacokinetic profiles.
An update on the prevalence of cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Oskoui Maryam , Coutinho Franzina , Dykeman Jonathan , Jetté Nathalie , Pringsheim Tamara 
Published: January 2013

AimsThe aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive update on (1) the overall prevalence of cerebral palsy (CP); (2) the prevalence of CP in relation to birthweight; and (3) the prevalence of CP in relation to gestational age.MethodA systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted and reported, based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐analyses) statement. Population‐based studies on the prevalence of CP in children born in 1985 or after were selected. Statistical analysis was carried out using computer package R, version 2.14.ResultsA total of 49 studies were selected for this review. The pooled overall prevalence of CP was 2.11 per 1000 live births (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.98–2.25). The prevalence of CP stratified by gestational age group showed the highest pooled prevalence to be in children weighing 1000 to 1499g at birth (59.18 per 1000 live births; 95% CI 53.06–66.01), although there was no significant difference on pairwise meta‐regression with children weighing less than 1000g. The prevalence of CP expressed by gestational age was highest in children born before 28 weeks' gestation (111.80 per 1000 live births; 95% CI 69.53–179.78; p<0.0327).InterpretationThe overall prevalence of CP has remained constant in recent years despite increased survival of at‐risk preterm infants.
Effectiveness of Simulator‐Based Echocardiography Training of Noncardiologists in Congenital Heart Diseases
Authors: Wagner Robert , Razek Vit , Gräfe Florentine , Berlage Thomas , Janoušek Jan , Daehnert Ingo , Weidenbach Michael 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundCongenital heart diseases (CHD) are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality in neonates. The preliminary diagnosis often is made by noncardiologists. For this reason, there is a huge demand of training in echocardiography of CHD. This is difficult to achieve due to limited resources of specialized centers.ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to investigate the training effect of the echocardiography simulator EchoCom on trainee's ability to diagnose CHD.Design/MethodsWe enrolled 10 residents for simulator‐based training in echocardiography of CHD. All participants were instructed on the simulator's basic handling and had one hour to scan the first 9 datasets information (ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great arteries, congenital corrected transposition of great arteries, common arterial trunk, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, normal anatomy) and establish a diagnosis. No help was given except for support regarding simulator related issues. Afterward, 2 rounds of structured simulator based echocardiography training focused on echocardiographic anatomy, spatial orientation, standard views, and echocardiographic anatomy of different CHD followed. All participants completed a standardized questionnaire containing 10 multiple‐choice (MC) questions focusing on basic theoretical knowledge in echocardiographic anatomy and common CHD.ResultsAlmost all of the residents invited from the affiliated children's hospital had little (20%) or no experience (80%) in echocardiography of CHD. Their Pretest and Posttest scores showed significant improvement for both, MC test and performance test, respectively.ConclusionsOur study showed that simulator‐based training in echocardiography in CHD could be very effective and may assist with training outside the scope of CHD.
Is intensive chemotherapy safe for rural cancer patients?
Authors: Pathmanathan S. , Burgher B. , Sabesan S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo provide equality of cancer care to rural patients, Townsville Cancer Centre administers intensive chemotherapy regimens to rural patients with node‐positive breast and metastatic colorectal cancers at the same doses as urban patients. Side‐effects were usually managed by rural general practitioners locally.AimThe aim is to determine the safety of this practice by comparing the profile of serious adverse events and dose intensities between urban and rural patients at the Townsville Cancer Centre.MethodA retrospective audit was conducted in patients with metastatic colorectal and node‐positive breast cancers during a 24‐month period. Fisher's exact test was used for analysis. Rurality was determined as per rural, remote and metropolitan classification.ResultsOf the 121 patients included, 70 and 51 patients had breast and colon cancers respectively. The urban versus rural patient split among all patients, breast and colorectal cancer subgroups was 68 versus 53, 43 versus 27 and 25 versus 26 respectively. A total of 421 cycles was given with dose intensity of >95% for breast cancer in both groups (P > 0.05). Rate of febrile neutropenia was 9.3% versus 7.4% (P = 0.56). For XELOX, rate of diarrhoea was 20% versus 19% (P = 0.66) and rate of vomiting was 20% versus 11% (P = 0.11). Only two patients were transferred to Townsville for admission. No toxic death occurred in either group.ConclusionIt appears safe to administer intensive chemotherapy regimens at standard doses to rural patients without increased morbidity or mortality. Support for general practitioners through phone or videoconferencing may reduce the safety concerns.