bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Report of Major Surgery in Liver Transplant Recipients Receiving m‐TOR Inhibitors without Therapeutic Discontinuation
Authors: Schwarz Lilian , Cauchy François , Conti Filomena , Sepulveda Ailton , Perdigao Fabiano , Bernard Denis , Calmus Yvon , Soubrane Olivier , Scatton Olivier 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntroductionMammalian target rapamycin inhibitors (m‐TORi) are increasingly used in patients undergoing liver transplantation (LT). Yet, there is rising concern that they also could impair wound healing and favor the development of several surgical complications. This report was designed to evaluate both feasibility and safety of major surgery in liver transplant recipients receiving m‐TORi–based immunosuppression without therapeutic discontinuation.MethodsFrom 2007 to 2012, six liver transplant recipients underwent nine major abdominal or thoracic surgical procedures without m‐TORi discontinuation or specific dosage adjustment. Their characteristics and postoperative outcomes were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsIndications for m‐TORi were de novo or recurrent malignant disease in five patients and calcineurin inhibitors related neurologic toxicity in one patient. Abdominal procedures, thoracic procedures, and combined thoracic and abdominal procedures were performed in six, two, and one cases respectively. Emergency surgery was performed in one case and elective procedures were performed in eight cases, including five for malignant disease and three for late surgical complications following LT. No patient died postoperatively. One major complication was observed, but no patient required reoperation. No evisceration, incisional surgical site infection, or lymphocele occurred.ConclusionsMajor surgery in liver transplant recipients receiving m‐TOR inhibitors appears both feasible and safe without therapeutic discontinuation or specific dosage adjustment.
Heterogeneous distribution of a floating‐leaved plant, Trapa japonica, in Lake Mikata, Japan, is determined by limitations on seed dispersal and harmful salinity levels
Authors: Nishihiro Jun , Kato Yoshikazu , Yoshida Takehito , Washitani Izumi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFactors affecting the within‐lake distribution of Trapa japonica were analysed in Lake Mikata, Japan, by integrating remote sensing analyses, field surveys, and laboratory experiments. The T. japonica bed has been expanding since 2006 and covered more than 60 % of the lake's area from 2008 to 2010. However, two parts of the lake, the upper and lower areas, retained open water, even during recent years. A survey of lake‐bottom sediments revealed a heterogeneous seed distribution. Although seed density exceeded 13 seeds/m2 in the lake's central area, no seeds were observed in the upper and lower areas. A seed‐bag retrieval experiment showed that 75.6 % of seeds at the upper site germinated when seeds were artificially introduced, whereas 6.7 % of seeds germinated at the lower site. These results suggest that seed dispersal opportunities are the primary limitation on the distribution of T. japonica in the upper area. Brackish water was found in springs in the lower area, reflecting an adverse inflow of water from a downstream brackish lake. Laboratory experiments revealed significant adverse effects of water salinity on germination and early growth of T. japonica. Based on these results, we concluded that the heterogeneous distribution of T. japonica within the lake was determined by a combination of two factors: limitations on seed dispersal determined by the inflowing river and harmful salinity levels caused by inflows of seawater from the Sea of Japan via a downstream brackish lake.
Maternal outcomes of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana
Authors: Adu‐Bonsaffoh Kwame , Obed Samuel A. , Seffah Joseph D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine maternal outcomes of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy at Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) in Accra, Ghana.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted between January 1 and February 28, 2013. All women delivering at KBTH whose pregnancies were complicated by hypertensive disorders were identified. A structured questionnaire was administered, and the women were followed up on a daily basis until discharge from hospital. Medical records were also reviewed to identify any complications of hypertensive disorders.ResultsA total of 368 women were analyzed. Of 10 maternal deaths, 3 (30.0%) were due to hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, and specifically pre‐eclampsia. Overall, 168 (45.7%) women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy delivered by cesarean, 16 (4.3%) had placental abruption, 11 (3.0%) had pulmonary edema, 3 (0.8%) had HELLP syndrome, 2 (0.5%) had acute renal failure, 3 (0.8%) had an intracerebral hemorrhage or cerebrovascular accident, 21 (5.7%) were admitted to the intensive care unit, 7 (1.9%) had disseminated intravascular coagulation, and 58 (15.8%) had eclampsia. Cesarean delivery, admission to intensive care unit, and eclampsia were significantly more common in women with pre‐eclampsia than in those with other hypertensive disorders.ConclusionHypertensive disorders in pregnancy are associated with high incidences of adverse maternal outcomes in Ghana, with significantly increased frequencies in women with pre‐eclampsia.
Prediction of domestic violence against married women in southwestern Turkey
Authors: Izmirli Gulsen O. , Sonmez Yonca , Sezik Mekin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of, and independent risk factors for various domestic violence categories among married women of reproductive age in southwestern Turkey.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study included 260 randomly selected women registered to a family physician in the district of Gönen, Isparta. During home visits between October 1 and December 31, 2012, the women completed a questionnaire that included between four and eight questions for each violence category (physical, verbal, economic, emotional, and sexual) to assess the lifetime presence of domestic violence. Logistic regression models with backward elimination were constructed to define independent risk factors for domestic violence.ResultsIn total, 176 (67.7%) women reported any type of domestic violence at least once in their lifetime. Verbal/psychological abuse was the most frequent type (reported by 121 [46.5%] women). Living in a village, young age (19–29 years) of the husband, adolescent age (< 19 years) of the husband at marriage, and problem alcohol use or problem gambling in the partner were independent predictors of domestic violence.ConclusionAttention should be given to area of residence, age of both partners at marriage, adolescent marriage, and husband characteristics during screening for domestic violence.
Acquired and intrinsic resistance in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Kelderman Sander , Schumacher Ton N.M. , Haanen John B.A.G. 
Published: July 2014

A number of immunotherapies, in particular immune checkpoint targeting antibodies and adoptive T‐cell therapies, are starting to transform the treatment of advanced cancers. The likelihood to respond to these immunotherapies differs strongly across tumor types, with response rates for checkpoint targeting being the highest in advanced melanoma, renal cell cancer and non‐small cell lung cancer. However, also non‐responsiveness is observed, indicating the presence of intrinsic resistance or naturally acquired resistance. In addition, a subgroup of patients that do initially respond to immunotherapy will later recur, thereby also pointing towards a role of therapy‐induced acquired resistance.Here, we review our current understanding of both intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms in cancer immunotherapy, and discuss potential strategies to overcome them.
Thermoacoustic instability – a dynamical system and time domain analysis
Authors: Sayadi Taraneh , Le Chenadec Vincent , Schmid Peter J. , Richecoeur Franck , Massot Marc 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis study focuses on the Rijke tube problem, which includes features relevant to the modelling of thermoacoustic coupling in reactive flows: a compact acoustic source, an empirical model for the heat source and nonlinearities. This thermoacoustic system features both linear and nonlinear flow regimes with complex dynamical behaviour. In order to synthesize accurate time series, we tackle this problem from a numerical point of view, and start by proposing a dedicated solver designed for dealing with the underlying stiffness – in particular, the retarded time and the discontinuity at the location of the heat source. Stability analysis is performed on the limit of low-amplitude disturbances by using the projection method proposed by Jarlebring (PhD thesis, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2008), which alleviates the problems arising from linearization with respect to the retarded time. The results are then compared with the analytical solution of the undamped system and with the results obtained from Galerkin projection methods commonly used in this setting. This analysis provides insight into the consequences of the various assumptions and simplifications that justify the use of Galerkin expansions based on the eigenmodes of the unheated resonator. We demonstrate that due to the presence of a discontinuity in the spatial domain, the eigenmodes in the heated case predicted by using Galerkin expansion show spurious oscillations resulting from the Gibbs phenomenon. Finally, time series in the fully nonlinear regime, where a limit cycle is established, are analysed and dominant modes are extracted. By comparing the modes of the linear regime to those of the nonlinear regime, we are able to illustrate the mean-flow modulation and frequency switching, which appear as the nonlinearities become significant and ultimately affect the form of the limit cycle. Analysis of the saturated limit cycles shows the presence of higher-frequency modes, which are linearly stable but become significant through nonlinear growth of the signal. This bimodal effect is not exhibited when the coupling between different frequencies is not accounted for. In conclusion, a dedicated solver for capturing thermoacoustic instability is proposed and methods for analysing linear and nonlinear regions of the resulting time series are introduced.
Trapped modes and scattering for oblique waves in a two-layer fluid
Authors: Romero Rodríguez M. I. , Zhevandrov P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe system describing time-harmonic motions of a two-layer fluid in the linearised shallow-water approximation is considered. It is assumed that the depth is constant, with a cylindrical protrusion (an underwater ridge) of small height. For obliquely incident waves, the system reduces to a pair of coupled ordinary differential equations. The values of frequency for which wave propagation in the unperturbed system is possible are bounded from below by a cutoff, to the left of which no propagating modes exist. Under the perturbation, a trapped mode appears to the left of the cutoff and, if a certain geometric requirement is imposed upon the shape of the perturbation (for example, if the ridge is a rectangular barrier of certain width), a trapped mode appears whose frequency is embedded in the continuous spectrum. When these geometric conditions are not satisfied, the embedded trapped mode transforms into a complex pole of the reflection and transmission coefficients of the corresponding scattering problem, and the phenomenon of almost total reflection is observed when the frequency coincides with the real part of the pole. Exact formulae for the trapped modes are obtained explicitly in the form of infinite series in powers of the small parameter characterising the perturbation. The results provide a theoretical understanding of analogous phenomena observed numerically in the literature for the full problem for the potentials in a two-layer fluid in the presence of submerged cylinders, and furnish explicit formulae for the frequencies at which total reflection occurs and the trapped modes exist.
The dammed river dolphins of Brazil: impacts and conservation
Authors: Araújo Claryana C. , Wang John Y. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA major threat to river dolphins in Brazil is habitat loss and fragmentation as a result of the construction of hydroelectric dams. We examine the degree of overlap between the distributions of two river dolphin species (boto Inia geoffrensis and tucuxi Sotalia fluviatilis) and hydroelectric projects and provide an initial quantification of impacts. The locations of dams were overlaid onto a map of the known distributions of the dolphins. Two types of impacts were evaluated: population fragmentation and effects on prey. For each of these a binary score (for absence or presence) was assigned for each dam. The sum of all impact scores for each dam, in each of the three watersheds in which dolphins are found, including realized and potential impacts, was calculated as the impact index. Thirteen dams affect the distribution of I. geoffrensis (as could a further three dams under construction and seven planned), and three dams affect S. fluviatilis (as could three under construction and two planned). Overall, the impact index was higher for I. geoffrensis than for S. fluviatilis. The Araguaia–Tocantins and North Atlantic watersheds have higher impact index values than the Amazon watershed. Although some impacts of damming could not be considered in this study, our approach was a rapid initial risk assessment that provided an overall understanding of how river dolphins are and may be affected by hydroelectric projects in Brazil. Our method may be applicable to other freshwater cetaceans and species facing similar threats when information about impacts is incomplete.
Bouqras Revisited: Preliminary Report on a Project in Eastern Syria
Authors: Akkermans P. A. , Boerma J. A. K. , Clason A. T. , Hill S. G. , Lohof E. , Meiklejohn C. , le Mière M. , Molgat G. M. F. , Roodenberg J. J. , Rooyen W. Waterbolk-van , van Zeist W. 
Published: July 2014

Tell Bouqras is situated in eastern Syria, on the right bank of the Euphrates, c. 35 km south-east of Deir ez-Zor (35°05′ 12″N, 40°23′ 50″E). The ‘neolithic’ village was built on a promontory of the plateau area overlooking the Euphrates floodplain, just opposite the mouth of the Khabur (fig. 1). H. de Contenson and W.J. van Liere (1966) conducted a trial excavation at the tell in 1965. Their results showed that the ‘hunter-shepherd society’ of Bouqras (van Liere and de Contenson 1963; Hooijer 1966) dated from the second half of the seventh millennium bc (Vogel and Waterbolk 1967).Before this period villages with an economy based on agriculture and animal husbandry mainly occupied the mountainous areas bordering the ‘fertile crescent’. During the second half of the seventh and the first part of the sixth millennia be the spread of such villages can be observed outside of the areas formerly occupied. The chronological and geographical position of Bouqras makes the site particularly suited to be investigated as an example of the sedentary communities which started to settle the more downstream Euphrates and Tigris drainage basins in the lowlands of eastern Syria and Iraq, beyond the regions where rainfall-fed farming would have been possible. Furthermore, the location of Bouqras at similar distances, as the crow flies, from Pre-Pottery Neolithic sites in western and northern Syria and early sixth millennium settlements in northern Iraq, would give the opportunity to trace contacts between these separate regions.With these objectives a team from the Universities of Amsterdam and Groningen, directed by Prof Dr H. T. Waterbolk and Prof Dr M. N. van Loon, undertook new excavations at Bouqras from 1976 to 1978. Financial support was obtained from the Netherlands Organization for the Advancement of Pure Research, the A. E. vanGiffen Instituut voor Prae- en Protohistorie in Amsterdam and the Biologisch-Archaeologisch Instituut in Groningen. We express our gratitude to Dr A. Bahnassi and Dr A. Bounni of the General Directorate of Antiquities and Museums in Damascus, for granting the excavation and survey permits and for their interest in our work. Mr A. Mahmoud of the Museum of Deir ez-Zor was very helpful during our stay in the field.
A new approach to singularity-free inverse kinematics using dual-quaternionic error chains in the Davies method
Authors: de Oliveira Andre Schneider , De Pieri Edson Roberto , Moreno Ubirajara Franco , Martins Daniel 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThe manipulation in singular regions promotes an instantaneous reduction in mechanism mobility, which can result in some disturbances in the trajectory tracking. The application of the quaternionic elements for motion representation not only guarantees an orthonormal transformation but also results in the smallest variance and minimizes the acceleration peaks. The use of a unit quaternion avoids these phenomena, but there are dimensional limitations that make it impossible to translate the representation. This work presents a methodology for using dual quaternions in the analysis of robot kinematics using the Davies method, which avoids kinematic singularities and ensures the optimal torque profiles.
Limiting absorption principle for the electromagnetic Helmholtz equation with singular potentials
Authors: Zubeldia Miren 
Published: July 2014

We study the Helmholtz equationin ℝd with magnetic and electric potentials that are singular at the origin and decay at ∞. We prove the existence of a unique solution satisfying a suitable Sommerfeld radiation condition, together with some a priori estimates. We use the limiting absorption method and a multiplier technique of Morawetz type.
On the spectrum of two different fractional operators
Authors: Servadei Raffaella , Valdinoci Enrico 
Published: July 2014

In this paper we deal with two non-local operators that are both well known and
widely studied in the literature in connection with elliptic problems of
fractional type. More precisely, for a fixed s ∈
(0,1) we consider the integral definition of the fractional
Laplacian given bywhere c(n, s) is a positive normalizing
constant, and another fractional operator obtained via a
spectral definition, that is,where ei, λi are the eigenfunctions and the
eigenvalues of the Laplace operator −Δ in
Ω with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary data,
while ai represents the projection of u on the direction
ei.The aim of this paper is to compare these two operators, with particular
reference to their spectrum, in order to emphasize their differences.
A weighted bilinear gradient inequality
Authors: Salvador Pedro Ortega 
Published: July 2014

We characterize the weights w0, w1, w2 such that the weighted bilinear gradient inequalityholds for all functions , with a positive constant K independent of f1 and f2, for all possible values of q, p1 and p2 with 1 < q, p1, p2 < ∞.
Appropriating Nature: Commerce, Property, and the Commodification of Nature in the Law of Nations
Authors: PORRAS ILEANA 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article explores the structural link between international law's long-standing doctrinal commitment to commerce and its inability to act decisively on behalf of the environment. One of the fundamental rights the early authors of jus gentium discovered was the right to engage in commerce. Francisco de Vitoria, Alberico Gentili, and Hugo Grotius each drew on and applied a providentialist theory of commerce. The doctrine held that Providence distributed scarcity and plenty across the earth so that peoples could not be self-sufficient, but would need to go in search of one another in order to acquire what they lacked. Commerce imagined in its pure form of reciprocal, mutually beneficial exchange would be the means to bring separated mankind to friendship. The embrace of the providentialist doctrine by these early exponents of the law of nations, carried forward by Emer de Vattel, set the stage for international law's longstanding commitment to international commerce, viewed (despite all the distortions) as a virtuous activity that tends to the common good. The doctrine's additional legacy was the installation of a view of nature as commodity. The providentialist doctrine of commerce, adopted by the early authors of international law, remains embedded in the structure of international law and cannot easily be dislodged. Until this doctrine is dislodged, however, international law will continue to be hobbled in its ability to address the urgent task of protecting the natural environment.
Transparency in the WTO's Decision-Making
Authors: DELIMATSIS PANAGIOTIS 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn almost 20 years of existence, the World Trade Organization (WTO) has managed to be at the forefront of public discussions on international organizations (IOs). Transparency in the WTO decision-making has been on the agenda of the multilateral trading system for several years. Pressures from developing countries, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the civil society in particular have led to significant improvements towards more openness and participation in the WTO decision-making. This article posits the WTO within the current debates about more institutional transparency in IOs. It discusses the current features of good governance in the WTO decision-making and the consensus rule in particular, in an attempt to identify the pros and cons of this voting tradition in a modern IO. It also discusses the recent selection of the new WTO Director-General. A central insight of the paper is that input and output transparency of the WTO could be further enhanced by increased, managed participation of NGOs. As the WTO is gradually becoming a genuine IO in terms of membership and gets involved in global discussions relating to finance, climate change, or poverty eradication, public scrutiny will only increase and thus improved governance is an irreversible process. However, divergences in the views of WTO Members as to the proper scope of WTO input and output transparency will most probably lead to extended negotiations. Some thoughts about the future prospects of and possible avenues for the WTO system are also identified.
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in a neonate characterised by low-dose, high-pitch cardiac CT
Authors: Deshmukh Swati , Thompson W. Reid , Zimmerman Stefan L. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe describe the use of low-dose dual-source cardiac for the evaluation of a neonate with suspected total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. This novel technique obviates the need for sedation or breathholding. Radiation dose-reduction strategies result in sub-mSv-estimated effective doses, substantially lower than annual background radiation dose. Low-dose, high-pitch cardiac CT should be considered as an alternative to MRI or diagnostic cardiac catheterisation in neonates with complex CHD, requiring definitive anatomic evaluation.