bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance of Inulin Fructans in the Human Diet
Authors: Schaafsma Gertjan , Slavin Joanne L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper reviews the physicochemical properties and nutritional significance of inulin fructans (oligofructose and inulin). These compounds are naturally present in a large number of food crops and serve in our diet as dietary fiber. Inulin fructans can be isolated and purified from the chicory root and used as ingredients in a large range of foods to improve structure and/or taste and to increase the intake of dietary fiber. Inulin fructans have a low caloric value, are safe, and generally well tolerated up to a level of 20 g/d. They exert a range of effects, which can be differentiated into direct effects on the gut and the intestinal flora and indirect systemic effects. Direct effects on the gut include prebiotic (bifidogenic) effects, improvement of bowel habits and bowel function in constipated subjects, increased colonic absorption of minerals (Ca and Mg), and secretion of satiety hormones. Indirect effects are on blood lipids, bone mineral content, the immune system, and energy homeostasis. These issues are discussed and it is argued that promising avenues for research are particularly in the areas of energy homeostasis and systemic low‐grade inflammation in relation to changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota.
Intrapartum management of twin pregnancies: are uncomplicated monochorionic pregnancies more at risk of complications than dichorionic pregnancies?
Authors: Garabedian Charles , Poulain Chloe , Duhamel Alain , Subtil Damien , Houfflin‐Debarge Veronique , Deruelle Philippe 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze mode of delivery and neonatal morbidity according to chorionicity in a hospital birth center with a policy of vaginal delivery for twins.Study designRetrospective analysis over a 13‐year period.SettingDepartment of Obstetrics, University Hospital, Lille, France.PopulationIn all, 1009 twin pregnancies were included, divided into 171 uncomplicated monochorionic pregnancies (17%) and 838 dichorionic pregnancies (83%).MethodsWe compared the monochorionic and the dichorionic populations.Main outcome measuresRate of cesarean section and neonatal outcome (umbilical artery pH, Apgar score and neonatal complications).ResultsThe rate of cesarean sections was 45.7% with no difference found based on chorionicity. The reasons for elective cesarean section were mainly noncephalic presentation, which was more frequent in dichorionic than in monochorionic (48.8% vs. 37.2%, p = 0.025) pregnancies. Birthweight was lower in monochorionic twins (2249 ± 469 g vs. 2329 ± 478 g, p = 0.045). The rate of umbilical artery cord blood values with a pH < 7.10 was similar in monochorionic and dichorionic pregnancies. There was no difference in neonatal complications between the two groups.ConclusionMonochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies had similar delivery outcomes. The neonatal outcome for twin 2 was not different between monochorionic and dichorionic pregnancies. Vaginal birth could be offered to women with twin pregnancies regardless of chorionicity.
Third wave, third sector: A comparative provincial analysis of the governance of third sector relations
Authors: Elson Peter R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAcross Canada, provincial governments are engaged in a “third wave” of consultations, policy dialogues, and policy alignment strategies with the third sector. Unexplored to date is how provincial governments internally administer their third sector file. This internal configuration could have important implications for internal adherence to cross‐cutting policy mandates as well as third sector policy implementation and bilateral collaboration agreements. This is a new point of analysis for public administrators and third sector intermediary organizations alike. This comparative analysis of network governance structures in eight provincial governments reveals that some structures are more compatible with policy alignment and implementation than others.
Multicultural health care? Cultural accommodation in non‐devoted policy sectors
Authors: Reeve Iain 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAs developed states have faced increasing ethnocultural diversity, debates have arisen over what tools the state has at its disposal to help create peaceful, tolerant, and cohesive diverse societies. This research note has two purposes. First, it builds on existing theoretical research on multicultural policies to propose a typology of multicultural policies from non‐devoted immigration or multicultural ministries. Second, it argues that there is space for policies aimed to accommodate and recognize immigrants and ethnocultural minorities in health care policy and – by extension – other policy areas. Such initiatives would both improve the quality of service for immigrants, ethnocultural minorities, and majority group Canadians and greatly enhance the likelihood of recognition and comprehensive integration of minorities.
The rights and wrongs of robotics: Ethics and robots in public organizations
Authors: Kernaghan Kenneth 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSome electronics experts believe that robots, like present‐day computers, will be commonplace. A diverse assortment of robots, with varying purposes, capacities, forms, and sizes, is emerging with significant implications for the policy, service and regulatory responsibilities of government. This paper explores three public policy fields – aging, health care and defence – where the use of robotics is already substantial or where it is projected to grow substantially and where significant ethical issues exist or are anticipated. Applying ethical theories to the use of robotics is difficult. In the near‐term, the focus should be on the ethical standards and behaviour of those designing, manufacturing, programming and operating robots. Several key topics in contemporary public sector ethics, including personal moral responsibility, privacy and accountability, are central to the emerging field of robot ethics. This suggests developing an ethics regime for robotics and examining the need for laws and regulations governing its use.
Effects of amniotic membrane extract on primary human corneal epithelial and limbal cells
Authors: Dudok David V , Nagdee Imraan , Cheung Kevin , Liu Hong , Vedovelli Luca , Ghinelli Emiliano , Kenyon Kenneth , Parapuram Sunil , Hutnik Cindy M 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the effects of amniotic membrane extract (AMX) on cellular activity of primary human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells under mechanical and oxidative stress, and on human limbal cells under oxidative stress.MethodsCorneal mechanical stress was simulated with a linear scratch in confluent HCE cell plates, then incubated with 0.1% AMX for 48 and 72 h. Subjecting HCE cultures to 0.5 mmol/L tertiary‐butylhydroperoxide for 1 h simulated an oxidative stress. 0.1% AMX‐treated cultures were compared with controls at 24 and 48 h using cellular viability assay, along with 12‐h AMX pretreatment and human limbal cell comparisons.ResultsMechanical stress on HCE cultures revealed a statistically significant distance ratio at 48 and 72 h in favour of 0.1% AMX‐treated cultures (P = 0.021 and 0.035, respectively). Oxidative stress did not reveal any significant difference in cellular viability of AMX‐treated versus control cultures. Twelve hour AMX pre‐treatment prior to oxidative stress revealed a significant difference after 24 h from oxidative injury (73.3% AMX vs. 66.0% control, P = 0.035), but not after 48 h. Human limbal cells demonstrated significantly improved oxidative viability compared with HCE cells, with (91.0% vs. 82.0% control, P = 0.017) and without 0.1% AMX pre‐treatment (91.2% vs. 83.7% control, P = 0.019).ConclusionsHCE cells treated with AMX healed faster after mechanical insult, suggesting a potential benefit in acute corneal injuries. Under oxidative stress, human limbal cells, a more proliferative cell type, showed superior viability compared with HCE cells.
Obesity and symptoms of depression among adults in selected countries of the Middle East: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Abou Abbas L. , Salameh P. , Nasser W. , Nasser Z. , Godin I. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryAlthough obesity has been widely recognized for its consequences on physical health, its psychological burden in the adult populations in the Middle East remains unclear. This meta‐analysis synthesized data from observational studies to investigate the association between obesity and depression among adult populations in Middle Eastern countries. Five bibliographical electronic databases were searched for studies published up to April 2014. Pooled meta‐analytic estimates were derived using the random‐effect models. Three case‐control studies and five cross‐sectional studies were identified. Meta‐analysis showed significant positive associations between obesity and depression across study designs, with an overall effect of odds ratio 1.27 (95% confidence interval 1.11–1.44). The association between obesity and depression was more marked in women than men although that difference was not statistically significant. Other subgroup analysis showed that none of the potential factors including the assessment for obesity or depression, confounder control and study quality had a modification effect on the studied association. Meta‐analysis of eight observational studies from five countries in the Middle East suggests an evidence of a positive association between obesity and depression among adult populations, which appeared to be more marked among women. Future research should examine the causal pathways between obesity and depression.
Multimedia educational tools for cognitive surgical skill acquisition in open and laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shariff U. , Kullar N. , Haray P. N. , Dorudi S. , Balasubramanian S. P. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimConventional teaching in surgical training programmes is constrained by time and cost, and has room for improvement. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a multimedia educational tool developed for an index colorectal surgical procedure (anterior resection) in teaching and assessment of cognitive skills and to evaluate its acceptability amongst general surgical trainees.MethodMultimedia educational tools in open and laparoscopic anterior resection were developed by filming multiple operations which were edited into procedural steps and substeps and then integrated onto interactive navigational platforms using Adobe® Flash® Professional CS5 10.1. A randomized controlled trial was conducted on general surgical trainees to evaluate the effectiveness of online multimedia in comparison with conventional ‘study day’ teaching for the acquisition of cognitive skills. All trainees were assessed before and after the study period. Trainees in the multimedia group evaluated the tools by completing a survey.ResultsFifty‐nine trainees were randomized but 27% dropped out, leaving 43 trainees randomized to the multimedia group (n = 25) and study day group (n = 18) who were available for analysis. Posttest scores improved significantly in both groups (P < 0.01). The change in scores (mean ± SD) in the multimedia group was not significantly different from the study day group (6.02 ± 5.12 and 5.31 ± 3.42, respectively; P = 0.61). Twenty‐five trainees completed the evaluation survey and experienced an improvement in their decision making (67%) and in factual and anatomical knowledge (88%); 96% agreed that the multimedia tool was a useful additional educational resource.ConclusionMultimedia tools are effective for the acquisition of cognitive skills in colorectal surgery and are well accepted as an educational resource.
797. BULBOPHYLLUM AMBROSIA
Authors: Gale Stephan W. , Kumar Pankaj , Fischer Gunter A. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe epiphytic orchid Bulbophyllum ambrosia bears solitary, sweet‐smelling, nectariferous flowers that attract honeybees in considerable numbers, but it is self‐incompatible, making fruit‐set in the wild infrequent. Even so, the species is relatively abundant throughout its range in Asia. The species is described and illustrated and its taxonomic history, ecology and cultivation are discussed.
800. PRIMULA COELATA, WITH A REVISION OF PRIMULA SECTION BULLATAE
Authors: Eveleigh Pamela , Nielsen Jens M. , Rankin David W. H. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryPrimula coelata Stapf is illustrated and a full description and typification are provided. Rediscovery of Primula bullata Franch. and P. bracteata Franch. in their type localities and analysis of herbarium specimens, living plants, historical documents and photographic data for the whole of Primula L. section Bullatae Pax have clarified the relationships between taxa. The whole section is revised. P. bracteata is restricted to plants conforming to Franchet's original concept, and becomes a variety of P. bullata, along with vars. bullata and forrestii. P. coelata is shown to be a valid name for one mat‐forming species, the other one being P. rockii. P. henrici, with a cushion habit, has been reinstated as a distinct species.
Life stage‐dependent effects of experimental heat waves on an insect herbivore
Authors: CHIU MING‐CHIH , KUO JING‐JR , KUO MEI‐HWA 
Published: December 2014

1. Worldwide concern about the consequences of climate change has prompted efforts to understand and predict the responses of populations to changes in temperature.2. A heat wave can adversely affect organisms, may affect different life stages differently, and could decrease populations. In this study, green peach aphid [Myzus persicae (Sulzer)] nymphs, reproductive adults, and late‐reproductive adults were exposed to a heat wave, defined as 5 °C above the control temperature regime for five consecutive days.3. The negative effects of experimental warming on development, reproduction, and survival negatively affected population growth. Nymphs and reproductive adults were more severely impacted than late‐reproductive adults.4. Experiments designed to mimic temperature regimes can assess the direct effects of climate change on individuals and populations. Our study highlights the importance of assessing the life stage‐specific responses to heat stress.
Performance of undergraduate dental students on ICDAS clinical caries detection after different learning strategies
Authors: Luz P. B. , Stringhini C. H. , Otto B. R. , Port A. L. F. , Zaleski V. , Oliveira R. S. , Pereira J. T. , Lussi A. , Rodrigues J. A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate the effect of a digital learning tool on undergraduate dental students' performance in detecting dental caries using ICDAS.MethodsAn experimental digital learning tool (DLT) was created using digital photographs of sound and carious teeth. Thirty‐nine students were divided into three groups (n = 13) and each assessed 12 randomly allocated patients before and after learning strategies: G1, ICDAS e‐learning program; G2, ICDAS e‐learning program plus DLT; G3, no learning strategy. Students (n = 32) reassessed patients 2 weeks after training.ResultsComparing before and after the learning strategies, any difference in the values of specificity and area under the ROC curve for all groups was found. Sensitivity was statistically significantly higher for G1 and G2. Comparing the groups, G2 showed a significant increase in sensitivity at the D2 and D3 thresholds. Spearman's correlations with the gold standard before and after the learning strategy were 0.60 and 0.61 for G1, 0.57 and 0.63 for G2, and 0.54 and 0.54 for G3, respectively. The Wilcoxon test showed a statistically significant difference between the values obtained before and after learning strategies for G1 and G2.ConclusionsUse of the DLT after the ICDAS e‐learning program tended to increase the sensitivity of ICDAS used by undergraduate dental students. The DLT appeared to improve dental students' ability to use ICDAS.
Is the nutritive value of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) related to the accumulated forage mass?
Authors: Scheneiter J. O. , Camarasa J. , Carrete J. R. , Amendola C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe aim of this work was to investigate whether neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and dry‐matter digestibility (DMD) are related to tall fescue accumulated forage mass (AFM) and to assess the relevance of environmental variables to predict the nutritive value of tall fescue swards. Three experiments were carried out in Pergamino, Argentina. To obtain swards with different amounts of AFM, two N levels and two irrigation regimes were applied in the spring after sowing and the autumn of the next year. In spring and autumn, AFM, NDF and DMD were measured every 10–12 days. In spring, NDF increased from 503 to 604 g kg−1, DMD decreased from 684 to 558 g kg−1 and AFM increased from 0·64 to 2·82 t DM ha−1. In autumn, NDF decreased from 543 to 442 g kg−1, DMD increased from 591 to 681 g kg−1 and AFM increased from 0·35 to 1·10 t DM ha−1. The results show that the nutritive value of tall fescue through the year is not related to the accumulation of dry matter of the sward. Nutritive value is determined by the reproductive stage in late spring and early summer, the fate of photosynthates at different times of the year and the synthesis of non‐digestible compounds.
Intensive weight loss combining flexible dialysis with a personalized, ad libitum, coach‐assisted diet program. A “pilot” case series
Authors: Vigotti Federica Neve , Teta Luigi , Pia Anna , Mirasole Sara , Guzzo Gabriella , Giuffrida Domenica , Capizzi Irene , Avagnina Paolo , Ippolito Davide , Piccoli Giorgina Barbara 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObesity is a growing problem on dialysis. The best approach to weight loss has not been established. The risks of malnutrition may offset the advantages of weight loss. Personalized hemodialysis schedules, with an incremental approach, are gaining interest; to date, no studies have explored its potential in allowing weight loss. This case series reports on combining flexible, incremental hemodialysis, and intensive weight loss. Setting: a small Dialysis Unit, following incremental personalized schedules (2–6 sessions/week, depending on residual function), tailored to an equivalent renal clearance >12 mL/min. Four obese and two overweigh patients (5 male, 1 female; age: 40–63 years; body mass index [BMI] 31.1 kg/m2) were enrolled in a coach‐assisted weight loss program, with an “ad libitum” approach (3–6 foods/day chosen on the basis of their glycemic index and glycemic load). The diet consists of 8 weeks of rapid weight loss followed by 8–12 weeks of maintenance; both phases can be repeated. This study measures weight loss, side effects, and patients' opinions. Over 12–30 months, all patients lost weight (median −10.3 kg [5.7–20], median ΔBMI–3.2). Serum albumin (pre‐diet 3.78; post‐diet 3.83 g/dL), hemoglobin (pre‐diet 11; post‐diet 11.2 g/dL), and acid–base balance (HCO3 pre‐diet: 23.3; post‐diet: 23.4 mmol/L) remained stable, with decreasing needs for erythropoietin and citrate or bicarbonate supplements. Calcium‐phosphate‐parathyroid hormone (PTH) balance improved (PTH‐pre 576; post 286 pg/mL). Three out of 4 hypertensive patients discontinued, 1 decreased antihypertensives. None experienced severe side effects. Patient satisfaction was high (9 on a 0–10 analog scale). Personalized, incremental hemodialysis schedules allow patient enrollment in intensive personalized weight loss programs, with promising results.
Design ethnography in information systems
Authors: Baskerville Richard L. , Myers Michael D. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUntil recently, most ethnographic research in information systems has been based on the traditional anthropological model of ethnography. In this traditional model of ethnography, one of the most important data‐gathering techniques is participant observation. The ethnographer observes and participates but does not actively seek to change the situation. In recent years, however, a new type of ethnographic research has emerged – one that can be called design ethnography. Design ethnography is where the researcher goes beyond observation and actively engages with people in the field. Our view is that design ethnography has much potential for research in information systems. It is a new form of engaged scholarship that bridges the gap between ethnographic research and design science research.
Aqueous Solution–Gel Preparation and Dielectric Properties of Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 Thin Films with Long‐Range Order
Authors: Wen Liping , Hu Lin , Shen Jie , Qi Yanyuan , Zhou Jing , Chen Wen 
Published: December 2014

In the present research, the Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BMN) thin films with high 1:2 long‐range order (LRO) were prepared by an entire aqueous solution–gel route and a heat treatment at low temperature. The BMN precursor solutions used for spin‐coating consist of tri‐metal ions citrate complexes, which are formed through the combination of three single citrate complexes with NH4+ acting as crosslinks. The metal‐coordinated bonds of the citrate complexes can be easily broken by heat treatment, which can result in the crystallization of BMN films at low annealing temperature. The crystalline structure and LRO degree of BMN films were also investigated. It is shown that the LRO degrees increase with the increase in annealing temperature. The dielectric constant increases and the dielectric loss decreases with the annealing temperature up to 750°C due to the improvement of the film densification and the LRO degree. The further increase in annealing temperature slightly decreases the dielectric constant and increases the dielectric loss due to the appearance of large aggregates. It is shown that the charge carriers mainly contribute to the dielectric response below 100 KHz, while the dipolar response starts to take effect for the frequency higher than 100 KHz.
Network Rearrangement in AgI‐Doped GeTe4 Glasses
Authors: Jóvári Pál , Cui Shuo , Nazabal Virginie , Kaban Ivan , Beuneu Brigitte , Dussauze Marc , Boussard‐Plédel Catherine , Bureau Bruno 
Published: December 2014

The structure of (GeTe4)1−x(AgI)x (x = 0.15 and 0.25) glasses has been investigated by X‐ray and neutron diffraction as well as extended X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS) and Raman spectroscopy. Large‐scale structural models have been obtained by fitting simultaneously the experimental datasets in the framework of the reverse Monte Carlo simulation technique (RMC). Short‐range order parameters have been calculated and compared with that of GeTe4. Doping with AgI affects the structure of the host GeTe4 matrix in two ways. First, while Te is essentially twofold coordinated in GeTe4, its coordination number is as high as ~2.9 ± 0.3 for x = 0.25. The change is mainly due to the increased fraction of Te–Te bonds. Second, Ge atoms remain fourfold coordinated but the tetrahedral symmetry is distorted due to the elongation of some Ge–Te bonds. The incorporation of AgI in the GeTe4‐based host covalent matrix and the Te coordination increase explains the enhanced thermal stability of (GeTe4)1−x(AgI)x in the supercooled liquid‐state hindering the crystallization of Te found in case of GeTe4 glass.