bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) for predicting the need for intubation in methanol-poisoned patients: a study comparing deep and machine learning models
Authors: Moulaei Khadijeh , Afrash Mohammad Reza , Parvin Mohammad , Shadnia Shahin , Rahimi Mitra , Mostafazadeh Babak , Evini Peyman Erfan Talab , Sabet Babak , Vahabi Seyed Mohammad , Soheili Amirali , Fathy Mobin , Kazemi Arya , Khani Sina , Mortazavi Seyed Mohammad , Hosseini Sayed Masoud 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe need for intubation in methanol-poisoned patients, if not predicted in time, can lead to irreparable complications and even death. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques like machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) greatly aid in accurately predicting intubation needs for methanol-poisoned patients. So, our study aims to assess Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for predicting intubation necessity in methanol-poisoned patients, comparing deep learning and machine learning models. This study analyzed a dataset of 897 patient records from Loghman Hakim Hospital in Tehran, Iran, encompassing cases of methanol poisoning, including those requiring intubation (202 cases) and those not requiring it (695 cases). Eight established ML (SVM, XGB, DT, RF) and DL (DNN, FNN, LSTM, CNN) models were used. Techniques such as tenfold cross-validation and hyperparameter tuning were applied to prevent overfitting. The study also focused on interpretability through SHAP and LIME methods. Model performance was evaluated based on accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, F1-score, and ROC curve metrics. Among DL models, LSTM showed superior performance in accuracy (94.0%), sensitivity (99.0%), specificity (94.0%), and F1-score (97.0%). CNN led in ROC with 78.0%. For ML models, RF excelled in accuracy (97.0%) and specificity (100%), followed by XGB with sensitivity (99.37%), F1-score (98.27%), and ROC (96.08%). Overall, RF and XGB outperformed other models, with accuracy (97.0%) and specificity (100%) for RF, and sensitivity (99.37%), F1-score (98.27%), and ROC (96.08%) for XGB. ML models surpassed DL models across all metrics, with accuracies from 93.0% to 97.0% for DL and 93.0% to 99.0% for ML. Sensitivities ranged from 98.0% to 99.37% for DL and 93.0% to 99.0% for ML. DL models achieved specificities from 78.0% to 94.0%, while ML models ranged from 93.0% to 100%. F1-scores for DL were between 93.0% and 97.0%, and for ML between 96.0% and 98.27%. DL models scored ROC between 68.0% and 78.0%, while ML models ranged from 84.0% to 96.08%. Key features for predicting intubation necessity include GCS at admission, ICU admission, age, longer folic acid therapy duration, elevated BUN and AST levels, VBG_HCO3 at initial record, and hemodialysis presence. This study as the showcases XAI's effectiveness in predicting intubation necessity in methanol-poisoned patients. ML models, particularly RF and XGB, outperform DL counterparts, underscoring their potential for clinical decision-making.
Agreement and repeatability of scotopic pupil size measurement with the 2WIN-S portable refractor in Chinese adults
Authors: Zhou Yibing , He Xingru , Liu Ziming , Xu Ling , Li Liangzhe , Chen Jiayan , Zhao Jiahui , Li Ruyi , Yan Chunhong , Yu Cui , Yu Fei , He Wei , Qin Guanghao , Yu Sile 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo assess the agreement and repeatability of scotopic pupil size measurement using 2WIN-S (Adaptica, Padova, Italy) portable refractor in Chinese adults. This prospective non-randomized open-label controlled study assessed the scotopic pupil size of 100 right eyes using OPD-Scan III (Optical path difference) (Nidek Technologies, Gamagori, Japan) and 2WIN-S. OPD-Scan III and 2WIN-S measure pupil size using infrared light and detector, while 2WIN-S measures bilateral eyes simultaneously, OPD-Scan III measures unilateral eyes individually. Participants were first measured once using OPD-Scan III and two consecutive measurements were performed using 2WIN-S after 15 min of rest interval. The primary outcome was to evaluate the agreement between 2WIN-S and OPD-Scan III, and the secondary outcome was to evaluate the repeatability of 2WIN-S. Scotopic pupil size of 100 right eyes of 100 adults (28 male and 72 female) aged 18–53 years (mean 36 ± 12 years) was assessed using OPD-Scan III and 2WIN-S, respectively. The mean scotopic pupil size of OPD-Scan III and 2WIN-S was recorded to be 6.24 ± 0.88 mm and 6.27 ± 0.81 mm, respectively. For the mean scotopic pupil size of OPD-Scan III and 2WIN-S the difference was − 0.03 mm (95%CI − 0.10 to 0.04 mm), p = 0.445, the 95% limits of agreement (LOA) was − 0.71 to 0.66 mm. ICC between the two devices was 0.92 (95% CI 0.88–0.94) (ICC > 0.9 indicates excellent consistency). Coefficients of repeatability (CoR) of 2WIN-S was 0.37, which has a high repeatability. For the mean scotopic pupil size of 2WIN-S of the repeated measurements, the difference was -0.04 mm (95%CI − 0.08 to 0.01 mm), p = 0.019, the 95% limits of agreement (LOA) was − 0.41 to 0.32 mm, with a narrow LOA. However, the majority of the variations were less than ± 0.50 mm (98% of scotopic pupil size measurements were below this threshold), within the clinically acceptable range (± 0.50 mm). Our study showed excellent agreement between 2WIN-S and OPD-Scan III (ICC > 0.9) and a good repeatability of 2WIN-S (CoR = 0.37). This study suggests a novel technique for measuring pupillary responses in low light conditions, which can be considered an alternative to OPD-Scan III in clinical settings.
Assessment of carbonized himalayan chir pine biomass as an eco-friendly adsorbent for effective removal of industrial dyes
Authors: Prasad Brijesh , Goswami Rekha , Mishra Abhilasha , Gill Fateh Singh , Juyal Sakshi , Asrani Anjas , Jain Ankur , Sahu Rajesh , Gupta Munish Kumar , Bajaj Mohit , Zaitsev Ievgen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the use of carbonized Himalayan Chir Pine Biomass, known as Chir Pine Activated Carbon (CPAC), as an eco-friendly and cost-effective adsorbent for efficient industrial dye removal, with a focus on environmental sustainability. By applying different additive treatments, four adsorbents (C1, C2, C3, and C4) were formulated. CPAC was synthesized through pyrolysis and characterized using various analytical techniques including FE-SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The adsorption capacity of CPAC was evaluated using Malachite Green (MG) dye as a model contaminant. FE-SEM images revealed high porosity (~ 10 µm) and a high surface area (119.886 m2/g) as confirmed by BET testing. CPAC effectively removed MG dye within 30 min at a solution pH of 7. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models indicated both monolayer and multilayer adsorption, while kinetic models suggested chemisorption. The regeneration efficiency was assessed using 0.1 N HCl over five consecutive cycles, with C4 demonstrating a high regeneration tendency of 85% and only a 9% reduction in adsorption ability after the fifth cycle. The developed CPAC shows excellent potential for use in the textile, paper, and leather industries for industrial dye adsorption, contributing to the protection of aquatic ecosystems. Additionally, CPAC can be utilized in other water and air purification applications.
Validity of predictive equations for total energy expenditure against doubly labeled water
Authors: Prado-Nóvoa Olalla , Howard Kristen R. , Laskaridou Eleni , Zorrilla-Revilla Guillermo , Reid Glen R. , Marinik Elaina L. , Davy Brenda M. , Stamatiou Marina , Hambly Catherine , Speakman John R. , Davy Kevin P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVariations in physical activity energy expenditure can make accurate prediction of total energy expenditure (TEE) challenging. The purpose of the present study was to determine the accuracy of available equations to predict TEE in individuals varying in physical activity (PA) levels. TEE was measured by DLW in 56 adults varying in PA levels which were monitored by accelerometry. Ten different models were used to predict TEE and their accuracy and precision were evaluated, considering the effect of sex and PA. The models generally underestimated the TEE in this population. An equation published by Plucker was the most accurate in predicting the TEE in our entire sample. The Pontzer and Vinken models were the most accurate for those with lower PA levels. Despite the levels of accuracy of some equations, there were sizable errors (low precision) at an individual level. Future studies are needed to develop and validate these equations.
Novel clamping modulation for three‐phase buck‐boost ac choppers
Authors: Menzi David , Yang Aobo , Chhawchharia Saransh , Kolar Johann. W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThree‐phase ac choppers feature output voltage amplitude controllability and enable more compact system realizations compared to autotransformers. For the practical realization advantageously standard power transistor with unipolar voltage blocking capability such as MOSFETs can be employed as a naturally resulting offset voltage between the grid and the input‐stage starpoint ensures purely positive power transistor voltages. This offset voltage is, however, not strictly defined and may drift to higher voltage values, resulting in high power transistor voltage stresses and finally a potential overvoltage breakdown. Traditionally, the offset voltage drift is prevented by introducing discharge resistors across the input‐stage capacitors which, however, results in substantial ohmic losses. This paper analyzes the offset voltage formation in ac choppers and proposes a novel clamping modulation scheme which ensures a strictly defined and minimum time‐varying offset voltage without need for discharge resistors. Theoretical analyses and circuit simulations are finally experimentally verified with a 400 V (rms, line‐to‐line) 50 Hz grid connected three‐phase buck‐boost ac chopper with 3 kW rated power.
Ge‐based graphene FET for low‐temperature electronics
Authors: Wang Chen , Hong Weida , Zhang Miao , Jiang Haitao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA graphene field‐effect transistor (GFET) based on chemical vapour deposited (CVD) Ge‐based graphene was reported and the low‐temperature electrical characteristics primarily investigated. The self‐alignment technique was used to fabricate a GFET to reduce parasitic effects and improve transconductance and cut‐off frequency. To further explore the electrical properties, the direct current and radio frequency characteristics of the GFET were studied over a temperature range from 4.2 to 300 K, considering the temperature‐dependent resistivity of intrinsic Ge. The direct current characteristic of the GFET for 110‐nm gate length, particularly the transconductance performance, exhibits a tiny variation of only 5% across this temperature range. However, the cut‐off frequency experiences a considerable increase, improving several tens of times when the temperature decreases to 4.2 K, with a maximum value of 3.49 GHz. This work illustrates a meaningful advancement in applying GFETs in the low‐temperature, high‐frequency domain.
The Application of a Surgery Supporting Computer System Does Not Seem to Influence the Surgeons’ Radiation Exposure: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Baumann Isabell , Boehringer Alexander , Cintean Raffael , Gebhard Florian , Richter Peter H , Schütze Konrad , Eickhoff Alexander Maximilian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSince 2019, a surgery supporting system (SPM, surgical process manager; Johnson & Johnson, New Brunswick, New Jersey, Vereinigte Staaten) has been used in a Level I trauma center for common trauma surgery procedures (distal radius fractures, proximal femur fractures, ankle fractures, proximal humerus fractures, and spine fractures). The hypothesis of this study was that implementing standardized procedures (by using SPM) may reduce radiation exposure, especially for unexperienced surgeons.Workflows were developed for different surgical procedures (distal radius fractures, proximal femur fractures, ankle fractures, proximal humerus fractures, and spine fractures) and added into the SPM. Between October 2019 and June 2022, 90 surgeries using the SPM were included in the study. A control group was included with 107 surgeries using the same surgical technique. The values measured were the radiation exposure during the surgical procedure, the experience of the head surgeon, and whether or not the SPM was used. A statistical analysis was performed by using the chi square and Fischer exact tests, with significance set at a p value < 0.05.SPM was applicated in 51 cases for the distal radius (control group 54 patients), 20 cases for distal fibula fractures (control group 21 patients), 9 cases for the proximal femur (control group 19 patients), 5 cases for vertebral fractures (control group 7 patients), and 5 cases for the proximal humerus (control group 6 patients). No difference concerning the median radiation exposure was observed by plating distal radius fractures with 5.7 Gy/cm² in the SPM group and a median radiation exposure of 6.4 Gy/cm² in the control group (p = 0.96). The distal fibula fractures showed no significant difference in the intraoperative radiation (17.4 Gy/cm² vs. 6.4 Gy/cm², p value 0.53). Radiation exposure was lower when a consultant performed surgery without showing any significance, independent if SPM was used or not.In this study, no significant difference in the intraoperative radiation dose was observed when using a surgery supporting computer system. The experience of the surgeon showed no influence as well, regardless if SPM was used or not. Additional data should be collected questioning these findings.
Investigation of the relationship between thrombophilic disorders and brain white matter lesions in migraine with aura
Authors: Yılmaz Can Fatma 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background Migraine is associated with several genetic or acquired comorbidities. Studies conducted in recent years emphasize that the frequency of thrombophilia is high in migraine, especially migraine with aura (MA). Similarly, the presence of white matter lesions (WMLs) on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans has been associated with migraine for many years.
Objective Based on the knowledge that both WMLs and thrombophilia variants are frequently observed in MA, we aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between genetic thrombophilia and the presence of WMLs in these patients.
Methods The levels of proteins S and C, antithrombin III activities, activated protein C (APC) resistance, antiphospholipid immunoglobulin G/immunoglobulin M (IgG/IgM) and anticardiolipin IgG/IgM antibodies were investigated in 66 MA patients between the ages of 18 and 49 years who presented no cardiovascular risk factors. The presence of WMLs and the Fazekas grade was determined from the brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans' T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence taken from the patients. The rates of WMLs were compared in patients with and without thrombophilia.
Results Thrombophilia was detected in 34.8% of the patients, and 27.3% were determined to have WMLs in brain MRI scans. The WMLs were detected in 23.3% of the patients without thrombophilia, in 34.8% of those with thrombophilia, and in 50% of the subjects with multiple thrombophilia disorders. Among the thrombophilia disorders, only APC resistance was significantly more common in patients with WMLs.
Conclusion The results of the present study showed that thrombophilia may be a mechanism that should be investigated in the etiology of increased WMLs in MA.
Atherogenic Effect of Homocysteine, a Biomarker of Inflammation and Its Treatment
Authors: Prasad Kailash 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. Ischemic stroke and heart disease, coronary heart disease, and cardiovascular disease are events resulting from long-lasting and silent atherosclerosis. This paper deals with the synthesis of homocysteine (Hcy), causes of HHcy, mechanism of HHcy-induced atherosclerosis, and treatment of HHcy. Synthesis and metabolism of Hcy involves demethylation, transmethylation, and transsulfuration, and these processes require vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 folic acid (vitamin B9). Causes of HHcy include deficiency of vitamins B6, B9, and B12, genetic defects, use of smokeless tobacco, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, low thyroid hormone, consumption of caffeine, folic acid antagonist, cholesterol-lowering drugs (niacin), folic acid antagonist (phenytoin), prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors, metformin, and hypertension. HHcy-induced atherosclerosis may be mediated through oxidative stress, decreased availability of nitric oxide (NO), increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, smooth muscle cell proliferation, increased thrombogenicity, and induction of arterial connective tissue. HHcy increases the generation of atherogenic biomolecules such as nuclear factor-kappa B, proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8), cell adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selection), growth factors (IGF-1 and TGF-β), and monocyte colony-stimulating factor which lead to the development of atherosclerosis. NO which is protective against the development of atherosclerosis is reduced by HHcy. Therapy with folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 lowers the levels of Hcy, with folic acid being the most effective. Dietary sources of folic acid, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, omega-3 fatty acid, and green coffee extract reduce Hcy. Abstaining from drinking coffee and alcohol, and smoking also reduces blood levels of Hcy. In conclusion, HHcy induces atherosclerosis by generating atherogenic biomolecules, and treatment of atherosclerosis-induced diseases may be by reducing the levels of Hcy.
IPR forum on Chih-yu Shih’s intervention on the relational turn in IR
Authors: Bilgin Pinar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractI read Shih’s intervention as an invitation to pay attention to relationality in not only ontological but also epistemological terms. I begin by observing that even those bodies of scholarship that focus on relationality are not always aware of our connectedness in terms of the production of ideas and knowledge about how the world works. It is essential, I argue, that studying the ways in which we are connected does not remain focused purely on material usurpation (historical materialism) or self-other relations (feminism, post-structuralism) but also encompasses the production of ideas and knowledge. Brought into an IR discussion, this is about the production of our ideas and knowledge about how the world works, which is best captured by Edward Said’ distinction between ‘origin’ versus ‘beginning’ of ideas. Whereas looking for the ‘origin’ of ideas assumes a singular source, an exploration of ‘beginnings’ takes as its starting point the eventuality that there exist multiple sources across time and space, and focuses on the study of relations of give-and-take and learning between world’s peoples.
Determining carrier frequency for implantable human body communication based on transmission efficiency–electromagnetic interference trade-off
Authors: Kodama Miyu , Muramatsu Dairoku 
Published: July 2024

This study proposes a novel methodology for determining the optimal carrier frequency for implantable human body communication (HBC) by focusing on the trade-off between transmission efficiency and electromagnetic interference (EMI) robustness. Traditional radio communication technologies use high-frequency bands, which pose some challenges, such as increased power consumption, EMI with other devices, and security risks. Implantable HBC is a promising alternative, wherein the human body is used as a transmission medium. Through phantom experiments simulating the human abdomen, we assess the transmission characteristics of implantable HBC between an abdominal neurostimulator and an external controller across a frequency range of 1–100 MHz. Results revealed that maximum transmission gain was achieved at 37.2 MHz. Moreover, rapid signal attenuation occurred beyond a minimal distance from the skin, indicating enhanced communication efficiency, reduced EMI, and enhanced information security. An evaluation index (EI) was also proposed to quantitatively assess the balance between transmission efficiency and EMI and determine an appropriate carrier frequency for specific implantable HBC applications. This study advances the field of implantable medical devices by optimizing communication performance while addressing key challenges in EMI and security.
Inorganic charge transport layer for efficient Pb-free KSnI3 based perovskite solar cells: a theoretical study
Authors: Monga Kamil , Singh Vasundhara , Chaudhary Shilpi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of lead (Pb)-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is remarkably high; however, the toxicity of Pb poses a significant barrier to their commercial viability. In the current study, the effect of different charge transport layer (CTL) materials on the performance of the Pb free Sn-based (KSnI3) PSCs has been studied by using SCAPS simulations. Tin oxide (SnO2), zinc oxide, and titanium dioxide as electron transport materials, whereas spiro-OMeTAD, copper oxide (Cu2O), and nickel oxide as hole transport layer materials were iterated to achieve the optimum photovoltaic parameters. The photovoltaic parameters were optimized in terms of the active layer and CTL thicknesses, as well as the doping concentration, defect density, and interfacial defect density. Moreover, the impact of series and shunt resistance on the performance of PSCs is also investigated. The most efficient PSC with PCE of 21.75% was achieved with the device structure of FTO/SnO2/KSnI3/Cu2O. This efficiency is higher than previously reported KSnI3 based-PSCs. The SnO2 (ETL) and Cu2O were proven to be most efficient choices for the CTL materials. It was also observed that the carbon, nickel, and selenium can be a cost-effective alternative to gold for the rear contact. This study showcases how KSnI3 with inorganic charge transport layers stands as a prospective stable PSC with the potential to deliver clean, and green renewable energy solutions.
Concerto of movement: how expertise shapes the synergistic control of upper limb muscles in complex motor tasks with varying tempo and dynamics
Authors: Huang Subing , Xie Jodie J , Lau Kelvin Y S , Liu Richard , Mak Arthur Dun-Ping , Cheung Vincent C K , Chan Rosa H M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. This research aims to reveal how the synergistic control of upper limb muscles adapts to varying requirements in complex motor tasks and how expertise shapes the motor modules. Approach. We study the muscle synergies of a complex, highly skilled and flexible task—piano playing—and characterize expertise-related muscle-synergy control that permits the experts to effortlessly execute the same task at different tempo and force levels. Surface EMGs (28 muscles) were recorded from adult novice (N = 10) and expert (N = 10) pianists as they played scales and arpeggios at different tempo-force combinations. Muscle synergies were factorized from EMGs. Main results. We found that experts were able to cover both tempo and dynamic ranges using similar synergy selections and achieved better performance, while novices altered synergy selections more to adapt to the changing tempi and keystroke intensities compared with experts. Both groups relied on fine-tuning the muscle weights within specific synergies to accomplish the different task styles, while the experts could tune the muscles in a greater number of synergies, especially when changing the tempo, and switch tempo over a wider range. Significance. Our study sheds light on the control mechanism underpinning expertise-related motor flexibility in highly skilled motor tasks that require decade-long training. Our results have implications on musical and sports training, as well as motor prosthetic design.