bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporating dynamic distributions into spatial prioritization
Authors: Runge Claire A. , Tulloch Ayesha I. T. , Possingham Hugh P. , Tulloch Vivitskaia J. D. , Fuller Richard A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimSpecies' distributions are generally treated as static for the purposes of prioritization, but many species such as migrants and nomads have distributions that shift over time. Decisions about priority actions for such species must account for this temporal variation, making planning for their conservation a complex problem. Here, we explore how dynamic distributions can be incorporated into a spatial prioritization, and suggest approaches for prioritizing conservation action when knowledge of species' movements is uncertain.LocationAustralian rangelands, including the arid and semi‐arid zones of central Australia and adjoining monsoonal tropics, although methods are applicable for any dynamic biodiversity feature.MethodsWe used the decision‐support softwaremarxanto explore the impact of temporal dynamics on spatial conservation planning for a suite of 42 highly mobile birds across the study region. We explored scenarios comparing a static representation of species' distributions with four methods of integrating temporal dynamics: (1) accounting for temporal variability in distribution across months and years, (2) considering only monthly variability in distribution, (3) considering only annual variability in distribution and (4) considering only minimal distributions during spatial bottlenecks, ignoring distributions at other times.ResultsIncorporating the temporal dynamics of species into spatial prioritization substantially changes the spatial pattern of conservation investment, increasing the overall area needed to be placed under conservation measures to achieve a specific target level of species protection. Targeting bottlenecks, locations critical to each species when its distribution is at a minimum, prioritizes a very different suite of sites to those chosen using the traditional approach of static distribution maps based on occurrences pooled across time.Main conclusionsOur results highlight the need to consider dynamic movements in the conservation planning process to ensure that mobile species are adequately protected. A static approach to conservation planning may misdirect resources and lead to inadequate conservation for mobile species.
Phenotype‐dependent Ca2+ dynamics in single boutons of various anatomically identified GABAergic interneurons in the rat hippocampus
Authors: Lőrincz Tibor , Kisfali Máté , Lendvai Balázs , Sylvester Vizi Elek 
Published: November 2015

AbstractInterneurons (INs) of the hippocampus exert versatile inhibition on pyramidal cells by silencing the network at different oscillation frequencies. Although IN discharge can phase‐lock to various rhythms in the hippocampus, under high‐frequency axon firing, the boutons may not be able to follow the fast activity. Here, we studied Ca2+ responses to action potentials (APs) in single boutons using combined two‐photon microscopy and patch clamp electrophysiology in three types of INs: non‐fast‐spiking (NFS) neurons showing cannabinoid 1 receptor labelling and dendrite targeting, fast‐spiking partially parvalbumin‐positive cells synapsing with dendrites (DFS), and parvalbumin‐positive cells with perisomatic innervation (PFS). The increase in [Ca2+]i from AP trains was substantially higher in NFS boutons than in DFS or PFS boutons. The decay of bouton Ca2+ responses was markedly faster in DFS and PFS cells compared with NFS neurons. The bouton‐to‐bouton variability of AP‐evoked Ca2+ transients in the same axon was surprisingly low in each cell type. Importantly, local responses were saturated after shorter trains of APs in NFS cells than in PFS cells. This feature of fast‐spiking neurons might allow them to follow higher‐frequency gamma oscillations for a longer time than NFS cells. The function of NFS boutons may better support asynchronous GABA release. In conclusion, we demonstrate several neuron‐specific Ca2+ transients in boutons of NFS, PFS and DFS neurons, which may serve differential functions in hippocampal networks.
Disability, anxiety and depression in patients with medication‐overuse headache in primary care – the BIMOH study
Authors: Kristoffersen E. S. , Straand J. , Russell M. B. , Lundqvist C. 
Published: November 2015

Background and purposeMedication‐overuse headache (MOH) is common in the general population. Detoxification is the general treatment principle for MOH. The present paper is based on a study of a brief intervention (BI) for MOH in primary care. New data on headache disability and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for MOH patients compared to population controls with and without chronic headache are presented and compared to previously published main outcome data.MethodsThis was a double‐blind pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial carried out amongst 50 general practitioners in Norway. The BI was compared to business as usual (BAU) and population controls, and patients were followed up after 3 months. Primary outcomes were headache and medication days per month after 3 months. Headache disability and HADS were also measured as secondary outcomes.ResultsSixty MOH patients and 40 population controls were included. BI was significantly better than BAU after 3 months regarding primary outcomes. Non‐intervention population controls did not change. The MOH patients had significantly higher headache disability and anxiety scores than the population controls.ConclusionsPatients with MOH are a highly disabled group where anxiety and depression are important comorbidities. Detoxification of MOH by a BI in primary care is effective and has potential for saving resources for more treatment‐resistant cases in neurologist care.
The investigation of inborn errors of metabolism as an underlying cause of idiopathic intellectual disability in adults in Norway
Authors: Hope S. , Johannessen C. H. , Aanonsen N. O. , Strømme P. 
Published: November 2015

Background and purposeInborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) may be an unrecognized cause of intellectual disability (ID) in adults. Knowledge and techniques for investigating IEMs have evolved rapidly; therefore adult patients with idiopathic ID may benefit from an up‐to‐date aetiological work‐up. This review aims at establishing recommendations for investigating IEMs as a cause of ID in adults.MethodsPubMed was searched for articles published between 2000 and 2015 regarding clinical work‐up, IEMs, ID and adults. Information compiled from 61 articles is used to give practical suggestions from a clinical point of view.ResultsMany IEMs that cause ID are characterized by increased risk of specific somatic, neurological and psychiatric signs. Neurometabolic investigations of ID should start with a thorough medical history, clinical examination and general screening in blood. Brain imaging with magnetic resonance imaging and if possible magnetic resonance spectroscopy should also be part of the initial work‐up. The aim is to detect abnormalities that give clues to a specific IEM. After the initial screening, a first tier of neurometabolic screening tests in blood and urine should be performed. If this fails to give diagnostic clues, a second tier of neurometabolic tests should be considered in order to secure that the treatable IEMs are detected. Whole exome sequencing techniques, when they become available in clinical settings, will offer new opportunities for detection of IEMs.ConclusionBased on a broad review of the current literature a systematic diagnostic work‐up to detect IEMs as a cause of ID in adults is suggested.
Pulmonary hypertension in patients on chronic hemodialysis and with heart failure
Authors: Hsieh Chin‐wen , Lee Chien‐te , Chen Chun‐chuan , Hsu Li‐ping , Hu Hao‐huan , Wu Jung‐chou 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPulmonary hypertension (PH) is linked to chronic kidney disease. However, few studies have examined the prevalence, risk factors, or outcomes of PH in patients with chronic hemodialysis and concomitant heart failure. This retrospective cohort study enrolled 160 patients with a history of acute decompensated heart failure after maintenance hemodialysis therapy. All patients were prospectively observed until December 2013 or death. PH was defined as pulmonary artery systolic pressure >35 mmHg, as determined through echocardiography. Fifty‐one (32%) patients had PH, more of whom were female (70% vs. 52%, P = 0.04). The patients with PH had a lower body mass index (21.8 vs. 23.0, P = 0.03), higher cardiothoracic ratio (55% vs. 52%, P = 0.006), larger left atrium (38.5 vs. 35.7 mm, P = 0.01), and an increased proportion of mitral regurgitation (MR) (73% vs. 38%, P < 0.001) compared with the patients who did not have PH. In the multivariate regression analysis, MR was associated most strongly with PH (odds ratio 3.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67–8.43, P = 0.001). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazard models, PH was related independently to all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 3.11; 95% CI, 1.53–6.31; P = 0.002) and combined cardiovascular events (HR, 2.71; 95% CI, 1.66–4.44; P < 0.001) after the model was adjusted for conventional cardiovascular risk factors. PH is related to MR and independently associated with increased all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with chronic hemodialysis and heart failure.
Cinacalcet, dialysate calcium concentration, and cardiovascular events in the EVOLVE trial
Authors: Pun Patrick H. , Abdalla Safa , Block Geoffrey A. , Chertow Glenn M. , Correa‐Rotter Ricardo , Dehmel Bastian , Drüeke Tilman B. , Floege Jürgen , Goodman William G. , Herzog Charles A. , London Gerard M. , Mahaffey Kenneth W. , Moe Sharon M. , Parfrey Patrick S. , Wheeler David C. , Middleton John P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAmong patients receiving hemodialysis, abnormalities in calcium regulation have been linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Cinacalcet lowers serum calcium concentrations through its effect on parathyroid hormone secretion and has been hypothesized to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. In observational cohort studies, prescriptions of low dialysate calcium concentration and larger observed serum–dialysate calcium gradients have been associated with higher risks of in‐dialysis facility or peri‐dialytic sudden cardiac arrest. We performed this study to examine the risks associated with dialysate calcium and serum–dialysate gradients among participants in the Evaluation of Cinacalcet Hydrochloride Therapy to Lower Cardiovascular Events (EVOLVE) trial. In EVOLVE, 3883 hemodialysis patients were randomized 1:1 to cinacalcet or placebo. Dialysate calcium was administered at the discretion of treating physicians. We examined whether baseline dialysate calcium concentration or the serum–dialysate calcium gradient modified the effect of cinacalcet on the following adjudicated endpoints: (1) primary composite endpoint (death or first non‐fatal myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or peripheral vascular event); (2) cardiovascular death; and (3) sudden death. In EVOLVE, use of higher dialysate calcium concentrations was more prevalent in Europe and Latin America compared with North America. There was a significant fall in serum calcium concentration in the cinacalcet group; dialysate calcium concentrations were changed infrequently in both groups. There was no association between baseline dialysate calcium concentration or serum–dialysate calcium gradient and the endpoints examined. Neither the baseline dialysate calcium nor the serum–dialysate calcium gradient significantly modified the effects of cinacalcet on the outcomes examined. The effects of cinacalcet on cardiovascular death and major cardiovascular events are not altered by the dialysate calcium prescription and serum–dialysate calcium gradient.
Simultaneous determination of water‐soluble whitening ingredients and adenosine in different cosmetic formulations by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection
Authors: Jeon J.‐S. , Kim H.‐T. , Kim M.‐G. , Oh M.‐S. , Hong S.‐R. , Yoon M.‐H. , Cho S.‐M. , Shin H.‐C. , Shim J.‐H. , Ramadan A. , Abd El‐Aty A. M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe Korean Cosmetic Act regulates the use of functional cosmetics) by the law. Four functional cosmetic groups, whitening, anti‐wrinkle, UV protection and combination of whitening and anti‐wrinkle, were categorized according to the Korean Cosmetic Act and Functional Cosmetics Codex. In this study, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with photodiode array detection (DAD) was employed for the simultaneous detection of arbutin (and its decomposition product, hydroquinone), niacinamide, ascorbyl glucoside, ethyl ascorbyl ether and adenosine in functional cosmetic products such as creams, emulsions and lotions.MethodsSeparation by HPLC‐DAD was conducted using a C18 column with a gradient elution of 5 mm KH2PO4 buffer (containing 0.1% phosphoric acid) and methanol (containing 0.1% phosphoric acid). The wavelengths for the detection of arbutin, hydroquinone, niacinamide, adenosine, ascorbyl glucoside and ethyl ascorbyl ether were 283, 289, 261, 257, 238 and 245 nm, respectively.ResultsThis method exhibited good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.999), precision (expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD) < 2%) and mean recoveries (89.42–104.89%). The results obtained by monitoring 100 market samples showed that the detected levels of the tested materials are within the acceptable authorized concentration.ConclusionThe method developed herein is simple and can be used for market survey and quality control of functional cosmetics.
From “illegality” to Tolerance and Beyond: Irregular Immigration as a Selective and Dynamic Process
Authors: Ambrosini Maurizio 
Published: November 2015

AbstractImmigration defined as “illegal” is a typical area where the dominant representations differ from social phenomena. Starting from this point, this article deals with two issues. The first is the selective treatment of irregular immigration by receiving societies. Diverse interests and social representations of irregular immigration tend to redefine it in different ways: formal authorization and social recognition should be distinguished, and they can go in different directions. Their intersection determines four cases: exclusion, stigmatization, tolerance, integration. The second, and related, issue is the easier transition to a legal status of some irregular migrants, especially those who encounter some forms of tolerance in receiving societies. Three devices of regularization will be identified and discussed: deservingness; liberal legalization; victimization. In regard to processes of acceptance and legalization, the action of various intermediaries between the receiving societies and irregular immigrants will be highlighted.
METEORITES AND THERMOLUMINESCENCE
Authors: McKeever S.W.S. , Sears D.W. 
Published: November 2015

The TL techniques that have been developed successfully for archaeological and dosimetric applications cannot be unambiguously applied to meteorites because of the possibility that most or all of the meteorite TL is in dynamic equilibrium — its rate of thermal decay balancing its rate of build‐up. In this situation, space irradiation temperature and, thereby, orbital information for the most recent eras (105‐106 years), can be determined. In only a few instances (e.g. meteorites with very low exposure ages) will the possibility exist that equilibrium may not have been reached, but even here it has to be shown that the exposure event had removed previously existing TL before normal TL dating techniques can be employed.There is some evidence to suggest that the TL sensitivity builds up with time. This raises the possibility of dating major shock and/or reheating events, if it can be shown that such events destroyed the TL sensitivity.
THE Mg‐Cr RELATIONSHIP IN ACHONDRITES AND IN THE SILICATE FRACTION OF MESOSIDERITES, AND ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS ON EUCRITES
Authors: Simpson A.B. , Ahrens L.H. 
Published: November 2015

New data are used to confirm the positive correlation between Mg and Cr in howardites and eucrites, and the identity of the Mg/Cr ratio in the two meteorite groups is established, provided Chaves is treated as an anomalous howardite. Macibini, usually classed as a eucrite, has higher contents of Mg and Cr than all but the cumulate eucrites; the suggestion is made, on the basis of its polymict character, the wide compositional range of its constituent clasts, and its bulk chemistry, that it should be re‐classified as a howardite.The Mg‐Cr relationship in diogenites is one of almost constant Mg but extremely variable Cr. The “average diogenite” plots fairly close to the trend established for the howardites and eucrites, indicative of the genetic link between these three meteorite classes.The silicate fractions of nine mesosiderites studied do not show a close coherence of Mg and Cr. With the exception of Patwar, they contain more Cr than howardites and eucrites, and exhibit greater variation of Cr relative to Mg. The general lack of clear inter‐element trends in these silicate fractions suggests that they had a more complex origin and evolution than the silicates of the achondrites.Preliminary results of quantitative computer modeling of major and trace elements in the eucrites indicate that about 32 percent fractional crystallization of a eucritic liquid of the composition of Sioux County yields a residual liquid similar to Nuevo Laredo; the cumulate produced has the approximate composition of the cumulate eucrite Moama. These results are in agreement with the model developed by Consolmagno and Drake (1977), using the rare earth elements, for a corresponding stage in the solidification of an initial eucritic liquid produced by equilibrium partial melting of the source region of the parent body (Stolper, 1977). Plotting of the Ti concentrations of the meteorites studied against their Fe/Fe+Mg ratios supports Stolper's idea that the eucrites and the Mg‐rich achondrites do not lie on the same liquid line of descent, and shows that the mesosiderite silicates do not conform to either trend.
87Rb‐87Sr DATING OF L CHONDRITES: EFFECTS OF SHOCK AND BRECCIATION
Authors: Minster J.F. , Allégre C.J. 
Published: November 2015

We have analysed whole rock L chondrites and separate minerals from the L3 chondrite Mezö Madaras for 87Rb‐87Sr dating.Contrary to other groups of chondrites, whole rocks do not define a straight line in the (87Rb/86Sr, 87Sr/86Sr) diagram. Whereas unshocked meteorites of old K‐Ar age plot on the isochron defined by the other chondrites, shocked objects, with younger K‐Ar ages, plot above it. Exceptions to this correlation are Bjürbole for the first type and Homestead and Peace River for the second type. Our preferred interpretation is that this displacement in the (87Rb/86Sr, 87Sr/86Sr) diagram corresponds to Rb volatilization induced by reheating.Hand‐picked and heavy liquid separates from Mezö Madaras scatter in the same diagram. In addition to possible Rb loss from feldspar, evidences are found for migration of Rb and Sr between olivine and feldspar, glass or clinopyroxene. We interpret this as the consequence of a short though important heating at the time of brecciation.
THE COMPOSITION OF IRON METEORITES: A STUDY BY FACTOR ANALYSIS
Authors: Sears D.W. 
Published: November 2015

A factor analysis has been performed on nickel and trace element data for iron meteorites. The technique shows that the present distribution of these elements is the result of three processes. These can be identified from the elements involved:
Ga, Ge, Sb and Zn (condensation and accretion).
Ni, Pd, Co and Cu (oxidation and sulphuration).
Ir, Au, As, Re, Pt, Os, Ru and Cr (an igneous event).
The distribution of Mo, however, is not readily explicable in terms of these processes. Within the groups IAB and IIAB only one process is required for all elements, but in groups IIIAB and IVA the situation for Ga, Ge and Sb is more complex.
Praise matters: the influence of nurse unit managers' praise on nurses' practice, work environment and job satisfaction: a questionnaire study
Authors: Sveinsdóttir Herdís , Ragnarsdóttir Erla Dögg , Blöndal Katrín 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the associations between praise from nurse unit managers and job satisfaction, professional practice, workload, work climate and organizational commitment of nurses caring for surgical patients.BackgroundPraise influences experiences of employees.DesignWeb‐based, cross‐sectional explorative survey design.MethodsA structured questionnaire was used to measure praise given by nurse unit managers as perceived by nurses (n = 383; 49% response rate) working with surgical patients. Data were collected between December 2009–January 2010. Several variables assessed the major concepts under study. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to compare nurses who receive praise very rarely/rarely as compared with very often/rather often.ResultsPraise was received often/very often by 31·6% of participants. Compared with nurses receiving praise rarely/very rarely those who received it often/rather showed more job satisfaction, stated they had more opportunities to practice professionally, described a more positive work climate and were more committed to the organization such as being proud to work at and willing to make effort for the unit and hospital. There was no difference between the groups regarding workload. Main findings of the regression analysis were that nurses display their organizational commitment by not thinking about leaving the current workplace and those who value professional recognition are likelier to receive praise than their counterparts.ConclusionNurse unit managers should praise their staff in a realistic fashion. Such praise is cost‐effective, takes short time, produces positive influences on members of their staff and may improve patient safety.
Moisturizers are effective in the treatment of xerosis irrespectively from their particular formulation: results from a prospective, randomized, double‐blind controlled trial
Authors: Shim J.H. , Park J.H. , Lee J.H. , Lee D.Y. , Lee J.H. , Yang J.M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundMany companies claim that their moisturizers are superior to others based on their ingredients.ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of the most popular moisturizers in the field.MethodsA randomized, double‐blind, controlled study was performed on 80 patients with moderate to severe xerosis. The test agents included the newly developed cream containing topical recombinant human epidermal growth factor (EGF), its vehicle without EGF and four additional therapeutic moisturizers. The study subjects applied the test agents on designated skin areas twice daily for 4 weeks. All of the clinical assessments and non‐invasive objective measurements were performed at baseline, and on days 14 and 28 of the study.ResultsAll of the test agents significantly improved the clinical symptoms of xerosis. The biophysical parameters similarly improved from baseline (P < 0.05). None of the test agents performed significantly better than did another.ConclusionIn the treatment of xerosis, consistent and regular moisturizer use is much more important than the moisturizer's particular formulation.