bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Paramedic Utilization of the Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway in High-Fidelity Simulated Critical Care Scenarios
Authors: Byars Donald , Lo Bruce , Yates Jeff 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIntroductionSuccessful oxygenation and ventilation can mean the difference between life and death in the prehospital setting. While airway challenges can be numerous within the confines of the emergency department, there are many additional confounding difficulties in the prehospital setting, which include limited access to equipment, poor lighting, extreme environments, limited personnel to assist, no immediate backup, and limited rescue airway options. The concept of an easy, reliable, and rapidly deployable alternative rescue airway device is critical, especially when considering the addition of rapid sequence intubation protocols in the prehospital setting.HypothesisThe primary objective of this study was to ascertain whether paramedics can be trained to deploy this alternative airway device with an acceptable success rate in a simulated critical care airway scenario. The secondary objective was to determine whether the previously-trained paramedics were able to retain their ability to deploy the device successfully at one year.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational, single-group, descriptive cohort, educational trial. Forty paramedics were trained in the use of the Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway (I-LMA) in a simulation medicine curriculum culminating in a simulated critical care difficult airway scenario requiring urgent oxygenation and ventilation after failed traditional endotracheal intubation. An emergency medicine physician proctor determined successful airway management. Repeat testing was then performed at approximately one year out, challenging the medics to intubate a mannequin using the I-LMA during an unrelated training session.ResultsOf the 40 paramedics who underwent complete simulation training, 39 were able to intubate and ventilate the simulated difficult airway using the I-LMA during the critical care scenario. This yields a success rate of 97.5% (95% CI, 87.1%-99.4%). At approximately one year out, 35 out of 35 medics were able to intubate the mannequin using the I-LMA, resulting in a success rate of 100% (95% CI, 91.4%-100%).ConclusionsIn this study, paramedics were able to deploy the I-LMA with a high degree of success in a simulated difficult airway, with a high degree of skill retention at one year out.ByarsD, LoB, YatesJ. Evaluation of paramedic utilization of the Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway in high-fidelity simulated critical care scenarios. Prehosp Disaster Med.2013;28(6):1-2.
Future reef decalcification under a business-as-usual CO
2
emission scenario
Authors: Dove Sophie G. , Kline David I. , Pantos Olga , Angly Florent E. , Tyson Gene W. , Hoegh-Guldberg Ove 
Published: September 2013

Significance
The study explores the impact of anthropogenic ocean warming and acidification on intact coral reef assemblages using large-scale, replicated mesocosms that simulate future conditions under natural levels of seasonal variability.
Essential ribosome assembly factor Fap7 regulates a hierarchy of RNA–protein interactions during small ribosomal subunit biogenesis
Authors: Hellmich Ute A. , Weis Benjamin L. , Lioutikov Anatoli , Wurm Jan Philip , Kaiser Marco , Christ Nina A. , Hantke Katharina , Kötter Peter , Entian Karl-Dieter , Schleiff Enrico , Wöhnert Jens 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Ribosomes are complex macromolecular machines universal to all domains of life that synthesize all cellular proteins. They consist of many different protein and RNA building blocks. Their biogenesis—a paradigm for the assembly of macromolecular machines in general—is a highly complex and tightly regulated process in eukaryotes requiring the concerted action of many ribosome assembly factors. In this study we analyze the cross-talk between two of these assembly factors and ribosomal building blocks with biophysical methods and show how it might contribute to the fidelity and efficiency of ribosome assembly.
Role of NINJA in root jasmonate signaling
Authors: Acosta Iván F. , Gasperini Debora , Chételat Aurore , Stolz Stéphanie , Santuari Luca , Farmer Edward E. 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Plant growth, the basis of agricultural production, is compromised when plants defend themselves against herbivores.Wound-induced growth reduction is coordinated between organs by hormones termed “jasmonates.” We developed a sensitive assay that marks tissues where wounding activates jasmonate function in seedlings. This assay showed that a key repressor of jasmonate responses is active mainly in roots where it permits normal growth. A deeper understanding of cell-size control is crucial in successfully engineering plants that display reduced growth restriction under stress.
Structures of RNA polymerase II complexes with Bye1, a chromatin-binding PHF3/DIDO homologue
Authors: Kinkelin Kerstin , Wozniak Glenn G. , Rothbart Scott B. , Lidschreiber Michael , Strahl Brian D. , Cramer Patrick 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Transcription of protein-coding genes requires transient binding of many different factors to RNA polymerase II. Thus far, crystal structures of only two such factors in complex with RNA polymerase II are known. Here we report crystal structures of a third polymerase-binding protein, bypass of Ess1 (Bye1), in complex with RNA polymerase II in different functional states. We also show that Bye1 binds histone tails with posttranslational modifications that mark active chromatin and discuss models for Bye1 function in a chromatin context.
Independent circuits in the basal ganglia for the evaluation and selection of actions
Authors: Stephenson-Jones Marcus , Kardamakis Andreas A. , Robertson Brita , Grillner Sten 
Published: September 2013

Significance
The activity in the dopaminergic reward system of the brain is concerned with the evaluation of actions and is controlled from the lateral habenulae, in all vertebrates investigated, from lamprey to primates. This study considers the mechanisms by which the lateral habenulae is controlled. We show here that a particular group of nerve cells conveys excitatory drive to the lateral habenulae, which, in turn, receive excitatory input from pallium (cortex in mammals) and inhibitory control from a specific compartment (striosomes) in the basal ganglia. This control system is critical for value-based decisions, important in all groups of vertebrates.
RNA-binding protein regulates plant DNA methylation by controlling mRNA processing at the intronic heterochromatin-containing gene
IBM1
Authors: Wang Xingang , Duan Cheng-Guo , Tang Kai , Wang Bangshing , Zhang Huiming , Lei Mingguang , Lu Kun , Mangrauthia Satendra K. , Wang Pengcheng , Zhu Guohui , Zhao Yang , Zhu Jian-Kang 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Transposons in higher eukaryotes are subject to epigenetic silencing. Some transposons have found residence in introns of genes. It is unclear how intronic transposon-containing genes are regulated. This paper reports a cellular factor, ANTI-SILENCING 1 (ASI1), which is required for proper expression of intronic transposon-containing genes. ASI1 plays an important role in regulating genome DNA methylation patterns. The work represents a major advancement in cellular antisilencing mechanisms. A previously undescribed mechanism for higher eukaryotes to cope with the collateral effects of silencing intronic transposon elements is discovered. This work has implications beyond the plant epigenetics field because studies in mammalian systems have suggested important roles of intronic heterochromatin on 3′ distal polyadenylation, although the underlying mechanism is not known.
A statistical variant calling approach from pedigree information and local haplotyping with phase informative reads
Authors: Kojima Kaname , Nariai Naoki , Mimori Takahiro , Takahashi Mamoru , Yamaguchi-Kabata Yumi , Sato Yukuto , Nagasaki Masao 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Motivation: Variant calling from genome-wide sequencing data is essential for the analysis of disease-causing mutations and elucidation of disease mechanisms. However, variant calling in low coverage regions is difficult due to sequence read errors and mapping errors. Hence, variant calling approaches that are robust to low coverage data are demanded.
Results: We propose a new variant calling approach that considers pedigree information and haplotyping based on sequence reads spanning two or more heterozygous positions termed phase informative reads. In our approach, genotyping and haplotyping by the assignment of each read to a haplotype based on phase informative reads are simultaneously performed. Therefore, positions with low evidence for heterozygosity are rescued by phase informative reads, and such rescued positions contribute to haplotyping in a synergistic way. In addition, pedigree information supports more accurate haplotyping as well as genotyping, especially in low coverage regions. Although heterozygous positions are useful for haplotyping, homozygous positions are not informative and weaken the information from heterozygous positions, as majority of positions are homozygous. Thus, we introduce latent variables that determine zygosity at each position to filter out homozygous positions for haplotyping. In performance evaluation with a parent–offspring trio sequencing data, our approach outperforms existing approaches in accuracy on the agreement with single nucleotide polymorphism array genotyping results. Also, performance analysis considering distance between variants showed that the use of phase informative reads is effective for accurate variant calling, and further performance improvement is expected with longer sequencing data.
Contact: nagasaki@megabank.tohoku.ac.jp or kojima@megabank.tohoku.ac.jp
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The H i column density power spectrum of six nearby spiral galaxies
Authors: Dutta Prasun , Bharadwaj Somnath 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
We propose a method to determine the power spectrum of H i column density fluctuations using radio-interferometric observations of 21-cm emission from the interstellar medium of galaxies. We have used this to estimate the power spectra of six nearly face-on nearby spiral galaxies. Earlier work has shown that these power spectra are well fitted by power laws with slopes around −1.6 across length-scales ∼1 to ∼10 kpc, the amplitude however was undetermined. In this work, we have determined the amplitude of the H i column density power spectrum. We find that the H i column density NHi expressed in units of 1020 cm−2 has mean square fluctuations in the range ∼0.03 to ∼20. The amplitude of the power spectrum is found to be tightly correlated with the H i mass fraction of the galaxies. The physical process responsible for these scale-invariant fluctuations is, however, at present not known.
Structural insights into the functions of the FANCM-FAAP24 complex in DNA repair
Authors: Yang Hui , Zhang Tianlong , Tao Ye , Wang Fang , Tong Liang , Ding Jianping 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder associated with deficiencies in the FA complementation group network. FA complementation group M (FANCM) and FA-associated protein 24 kDa (FAAP24) form a stable complex to anchor the FA core complex to chromatin in repairing DNA interstrand crosslinks. Here, we report the first crystal structure of the C-terminal segment of FANCM in complex with FAAP24. The C-terminal segment of FANCM and FAAP24 both consist of a nuclease domain at the N-terminus and a tandem helix-hairpin-helix (HhH)2 domain at the C-terminus. The FANCM-FAAP24 complex exhibits a similar architecture as that of ApXPF. However, the variations of several key residues and the electrostatic property at the active-site region render a catalytically inactive nuclease domain of FANCM, accounting for the lack of nuclease activity. We also show that the first HhH motif of FAAP24 is a potential binding site for DNA, which plays a critical role in targeting FANCM-FAAP24 to chromatin. These results reveal the mechanistic insights into the functions of FANCM-FAAP24 in DNA repair.
Fatty Degeneration of the Paraspinal Muscle in Patients With Degenerative Lumbar Kyphosis
Authors: Hyun Seung-Jae , Bae Chae-Wan , Lee Sang-Hoon , Rhim Seung-Chul 
Published: September 2013

Study Design:
A comparative case-control study.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to quantify the degree of paraspinal muscle changes in degenerative lumbar kyphosis (DLK) patients using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scanning.

Summary of Background Data:
Although the pathophysiology of DLK is not completely understood, extensive degeneration and weakness of the lumbar extensor muscles are thought to underlie the condition in most patients. However, there is no ideal method to quantify the degree of fat infiltration and atrophy of the paraspinal muscles in patients with DLK.

Materials and Methods:
The study group comprised 20 patients with DLK and 20 healthy volunteers. The cross-sectional areas of the psoas, erector spinae (ES), multifidus (MF), quadratus lumborum, and vertebral body were measured. The ratio between the cross-sectional area of the muscle and the vertebral body was used to evaluate lumbar muscularity. The degree of fatty change was evaluated by measuring the ratio between the mean signal intensity of the muscle and that of the subcutaneous fat within regions of interest.

Results:
Muscularity in the MF and ES was not significantly different between the DLK and control groups at L1, L2, or L3, but was significantly different at L4 (ES, P=0.001; MF, P=0.001) and L5 (ES, P=0.001; MF, P=0.015). The mean signal intensities of the ES and MF were higher in the DLK group than in the control group at all levels. The degree of fatty change in the ES and MF was significantly higher in the DLK group than in the control group (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
Quantitative analysis using magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scanning showed differences in paraspinal muscle volume and fatty degeneration between patients with DLK and healthy volunteers. This evaluation method may be useful for measuring the extent of paraspinal muscle degeneration.
James Sowerby: meteorites and his meteoritic sword made for the Emperor of Russia, Alexander I, in 1814
Authors: Henderson Paul 
Published: September 2013

James Sowerby included meteorites in his publications of British and exotic natural history and so raised interest in their nature and origins at a time of much debate and involving the President of the Royal Society, Sir Joseph Banks. The celebrations over the defeat of France in 1814 prompted Sowerby to make a sword from the Cape of Good Hope iron meteorite to present to the Russian Emperor, Alexander I, at the time of his state visit to London in June 1814 and in recognition of his achievements in bringing peace to Europe. The story of its attempted presentation, its final reception and the following response, including publications, all helped to increase interest in meteorites and their properties. The rediscovery of the sword after a lengthy disappearance probably brings an unusual saga to a fitting close.
Protective immunity by oral immunization with heat‐killed Shigella strains in a guinea pig colitis model
Authors: Barman Soumik , Koley Hemanta , Ramamurthy Thandavarayan , Chakrabarti Manoj Kumar , Shinoda Sumio , Nair Gopinath Balakrish , Takeda Yoshifumi 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe protective efficacy of and immune response to heat‐killed cells of monovalent and hexavalent mixtures of six serogroups/serotypes of Shigella strains (Shigella dysenteriae 1, Shigella flexneri 2a, S. flexneri 3a, S. flexneri 6, Shigella boydii 4, and Shigella sonnei) were examined in a guinea pig colitis model. A monovalent or hexavalent mixture containing 1 × 107 of each serogroup/serotype of heat‐killed Shigella cells was administered orally on Days 0, 7, 14 and 21. On Day 28, the immunized animals were challenged rectally with 1 × 109 live virulent cells of each of the six Shigella serogroups/serotypes. In all immunized groups, significant levels of protection were observed after these challenges. The serum titers of IgG and IgA against the lipopolysaccharide of each of the six Shigella serogroups/serotypes increased exponential during the course of immunization. High IgA titers against the lipopolysaccharide of each of the six Shigella serogroups/serotypes were also observed in intestinal lavage fluid from all immunized animals. These data indicate that a hexavalent mixture of heat‐killed cells of the six Shigella serogroups/serotypes studied would be a possible broad‐spectrum candidate vaccine against shigellosis.
Morphology and Distribution of Lamellar Corpuscles in the Mesentery of the Cat
Authors: Owaki M. , Oono H. , Nakajima N. , Ohta G. , Okano S. , Kakizaki T. , Yoshioka K. 
Published: September 2013

SummaryMesentery samples obtained from 13 mixed breed cats were stereoscopically and microscopically examined and yielded the following results. In the mesentery, lamellar corpuscles were densely distributed around blood vessels, with a mean number of 182.2 ± 20.9 and mean maximum and minimum diameters of 0.98 ± 0.18 mm and 0.54 ± 0.08 mm, respectively. While most lamellar corpuscles were isolated, some complex lamellar corpuscles were found in the mesentery. Lamellar corpuscles in the mesentery appear to serve more as internal receptors that detect changes in the internal environment than as external receptors. In addition, those found around blood vessels in the mesentery are likely to be involved in blood pressure regulation.
Contrasting effect of perlecan on adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro
Authors: Nakamura Ryosuke , Nakamura Fumio , Fukunaga Shigeharu 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPerlecan, a basement membrane component, shows diverse functions in different organs and tissues. However, the role of perlecan in differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been barely investigated. In this study, we examined the effect of perlecan on adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro by adding extrinsic perlecan to culture media or blocking the function of intrinsic perlecan expressed into culture media by differentiating MSCs. Extrinsic perlecan suppressed adipogenic differentiation; however, it promoted osteogenic differentiation. These functions were further confirmed by a study of blocking intrinsic perlecan. Perlecan treated with heparitinase‐I also showed the suppressive effect on adipogenic differentiation. In contrast, the promotive effect on osteogenic differentiation was found to be heparan sulfate‐dependent. Intrinsic perlecan was suggested to be effective at the late stage of adipogenic differentiation by a study of perlecan‐blocking performed at distinct periods, but was suggested to be effective at the early stage of osteogenic differentiation. Our results showed perlecan has contrasting effect on adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs due to its diverse actions. Based on these outcomes, we recognized that employing extrinsic perlecan or blocking intrinsic perlecan is effective for regulating adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs by restricting its direction.
British Petroleum: An Egregious Violation of the Ethic of First and Second Things
Authors: Veil Shari R. , Sellnow Timothy L. , Wickline Morgan C. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis study analyzes BP's crisis communication related to the Deepwater Horizon disaster. Specifically, we observe how an organization whose priorities are misaligned with the ethic of first and second things has a severely limited capacity for delivering a crisis message that resonates with the general public, and especially those most affected by the disaster. Organizational connectedness and Lewis' essays on the ethic of first and second things are discussed and research on virtuous responses to crisis and renewal discourse is highlighted to explain how BP's focus on maximizing profit over safety and the environment stymied their communication efforts. A discourse of renewal is suggested as essential for the organization to regain connectedness post‐crisis.
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1: modulator of β‐cell dysfunction and death
Authors: Rondas D. , D'Hertog W. , Overbergh L. , Mathieu C. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is one of the hormones responsible for the incretin effect, a term that refers to the observation that orally administered glucose results in a larger increase in plasma insulin levels and insulin‐dependent decrease in blood glucose concentration when compared to the same amount of glucose given intravenously. GLP‐1 is secreted mainly by gut endocrine L‐cells and is released under the control of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Upon secretion, GLP‐1 targets different cell types and exerts a wide variety of actions such as potentiation of glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion, reduction of appetite, delay of gastric emptying and increase in β‐cell mass. These beneficial effects have resulted in the application of GLP‐1‐based therapies in patients with type 2 diabetes, but also exploitation of its effects in type 1 diabetes is being envisaged. In this review, we focus on the different, short‐ and long‐term action mechanisms of GLP‐1 with specific emphasis on its role as a modulator of β‐cell function and survival.
Microarray‐assisted fine mapping of quantitative trait loci on chromosome 15 for susceptibility to seizure‐induced cell death in mice
Authors: Schauwecker P. E. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPrior studies with crosses of the FVB/NJ (FVB; seizure‐induced cell death‐susceptible) mouse and the C57BL/6J (B6; seizure‐induced cell death‐resistant) mouse revealed the presence of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 15 that influenced susceptibility to kainic acid‐induced cell death (Sicd2). In an earlier study, we confirmed that the Sicd2 interval harbors gene(s) conferring strong protection against seizure‐induced cell death through the creation of the FVB.B6‐Sicd2 congenic strain, and created three interval‐specific congenic lines (ISCLs) that encompass Sicd2 on chromosome 15 to fine‐map this locus. To further localise this Sicd2 QTL, an additional congenic line carrying overlapping intervals of the B6 segment was created (ISCL‐4), and compared with the previously created ISCL‐1–ISCL‐3 and assessed for seizure‐induced cell death phenotype. Whereas all of the ISCLs showed reduced cell death associated with the B6 phenotype, ISCL‐4, showed the most extensive reduction in seizure‐induced cell death throughout all hippocampal subfields. In order to characterise the susceptibility loci on Sicd2 by use of this ISCL and identify compelling candidate genes, we undertook an integrative genomic strategy of comparing exon transcript abundance in the hippocampus of this newly developed chromosome 15 subcongenic line (ISCL‐4) and FVB‐like littermates. We identified 10 putative candidate genes that are alternatively spliced between the strains and may govern strain‐dependent differences in susceptibility to seizure‐induced excitotoxic cell death. These results illustrate the importance of identifying transcriptomics variants in expression studies, and implicate novel candidate genes conferring susceptibility to seizure‐induced cell death.