bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Intracerebral Tuberculomas and Its Role in Differentiating Tuberculomas from Metastases
Authors: Sankhe Shilpa , Baheti Akshay , Ihare Ashish , Mathur Shobhit , Dabhade Poonam , Sarode Ashish 
Published: January 2013

Background Intracerebral tuberculomas usually manifest as ring-enhancing of nodular lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These imaging findings are also observed in other lesions like metastases and toxoplasmosis. Purpose To study the MRI perfusion characteristics of tuberculomas and its potential role in their definitive diagnosis. Material and Methods: Thirty-four tuberculomas were evaluated by conventional and perfusion MRI. The relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) values of the center, peripheral wall, and perilesional neuroparenchymal tissue were calculated using rCBV maps. Ten ring-enhancing metastases were similarly evaluated and rCBV values of their peripheral walls were calculated. Results Thirty-one of the 34 tuberculomas were ring-enhancing or conglomerate lesions and revealed hypoperfused centers with hyperperfused peripheral walls, with the mean rCBV ± SD being 0.42 ± 0.25 and 2.04 ± 0.61, respectively. Three nodular enhancing lesions showed predominantly homogenous hyperperfusion, with the mean rCBV measuring 2.96 ± 0.39 (mean ± SD). The perilesional neuroparenchyma was hypoperfused in both cases. The metastases revealed mean rCBV ratio of the peripheral wall to be 5.43 ± 2.1 (mean ± SD). Analysis of the values by ROC curve method revealed a cut-off value of ≥ 3.745 for differentiating ring-enhancing metastases from ring-enhancing tuberculomas. Conclusion Perfusion MR is a useful tool for the assessment of tuberculomas and can help differentiate them from neoplasms like metastases. It also has a potential role in monitoring therapy and for early detection of drug resistance.
Veroneseans, power subspaces and independence
Authors: Kantor W. M. , Shult E. E. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Results are proved indicating that the Veronese map vd often increases independence of both sets of points and sets of subspaces. For example, any d + 1 Veronesean points of degree d are independent. Similarly, the dth power map on the space of linear forms of a polynomial algebra also often increases independence of both sets of points and sets of subspaces. These ideas produce d + 1-independent families of subspaces in a natural manner
A lower bound for the Ricci curvature of submanifolds in generalized Sasakian space forms
Authors: Malek Fereshteh , Nejadakbary Vahid 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In this paper, we obtain inequalities between the Ricci curvature, the scalar curvature and the squared mean curvature of submanifolds in generalized Sasakian space forms such that each inequality is a lower bound for the Ricci curvature. Also, we obtain a sharp relationship between the scalar curvature, a Riemannian invariant and the squared mean curvature of anti-invariant submanifolds in generalized Sasakian space forms.
Synthesis, characterization and in vitro antimicrobial assessment of some novel 4H-1, 4-benzothiazines and their sulfone derivatives
Authors: Gautam Naveen , Bishnoi Ajay Kumar , Guleria Anjali , Jangid Dinesh Kumar , Gupta Sudesh Kumar , Gautam Dinesh Chand 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
In recent years, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 4H-1,4-benzothiazines and their sulfone derivatives have gained momentum due to their medicinal and industrial importance. Our studies focused on the design and synthesis of new antimicrobial agents, and for this purpose a series of novel 4H-1,4-benzothiazines and their sulfone derivatives were synthesized and their in vitro antimicrobial assessment was carried out against a representative panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains and selected fungi species. The reported 4H-1,4-benzothiazines were prepared by condensation followed by oxidative cyclization of substituted 2-aminobenzenethiols with compounds containing active methylene groups. It is believed that the reaction proceeds via intermediary of the enaminoketone system. The sulfone derivatives were synthesized by oxidation of 4H-1,4-benzothiazines using 30% hydrogen peroxide in glacial acetic acid. Structure determination was done by spectral and elemental investigations.
Game importance as a dimension of uncertainty of outcome
Authors: Lei Xinrong , Humphreys Brad R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractSports teams have incentives to put more effort into games with an immediate effect on standings compared to games that do not, possibly affecting outcome uncertainty. We develop a measure of game outcome uncertainty, game importance (GI), that captures how each game affects a team’s standing and can be calculated for individual games. Results show that observed variation in GI explains observed variation in attendance, game outcomes, and margin of victory at MLB games over the 1994 through 2010 seasons, suggesting that GI is an influential indicator in fans’ attendance decisions, consistent with the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis.
Crystal structure of chloro-(5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)-manganese, C44H28ClMnN4
Authors: Yuste Consuelo , Arranja Claudia C. , Marcos Mariana , Balakrishna Avula , Sobral Abilio J. F. N. , Ramos Silva Manuela 
Published: January 2013

Abstract C44H28ClMnN4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 12.3044(6) Å, b = 21.688(1) Å, c = 17.0016(8) Å, β = 123.536(3)°, V = 3781.9 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0645, wRref(F2) = 0.0939, T = 293 K
Crystal structure of tris(1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene)[(μ12- phosphato)-tetracosakis(μ2-oxo)-dodecaoxo-dodeca-molybdenum], C27H51Mo12N6O40P
Authors: Xia Daocheng , Feng Feng 
Published: January 2013

Abstract C27H51Mo12N6O40P, trigonal, R3c (no. 161), a = 20.212(5) Å, c = 23.801(5) Å, V = 8420.8 Å3, Z = 6, Rgt(F) = 0.0318, wRref(F2) = 0.0610, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of [Ag3(DMF)7][W12O40P], a 2D-coordinated system, C21H49Ag3N7O47PW12
Authors: Gschwind Fabienne , Jansen Martin 
Published: January 2013

Abstract C21H49Ag3N7O47PW12, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 17.329(4) Å, b = 17.098(3) Å, c = 22.479(5) Å, β = 105.19(3)°, V = 6427.7 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0664, wRref(F2) = 0.1543, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 1-methyl-4-(4-diethylaminophenylazo)pyridinium iodide, C16H21N4+·I–, C16H21IN4
Authors: Kitoh Soh-ichi , Fujinami Shuhei , Iwase Akitaka , Kuwae Akio , Hanai Kazuhiko , Suda Mitsuhiro , Honda Mitsunori , Kunimoto Ko-Ki 
Published: January 2013

Abstract C16H21IN4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 10.433(1) Å, b = 13.846(1) Å, c = 12.162(1) Å, β = 97.294(2)°, V = 1742.7 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0352, wRref(F2) = 0.0935, T = 123 K.
Crystal structure of 2-ethyl-1-ferrocenylsulfonyl-6-nitro-1H-1,3-benzimidazole, C19H17FeN3O4S
Authors: Wang Lu-Yao , Meng Dong , Li Lu 
Published: January 2013

Abstract C19H17FeN3O4S, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 7.1964(3) Å, b = 10.9732(4) Å, c = 11.6391(4) Å, α = 80.857(2)°, β = 86.758(2)°, γ = 87.323(2)°, V = 905.3 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0275, wRref(F2) = 0.0754, T = 296 K.
Production, quality control and biodistribution studies of thulium-170-labeled ethylenediamine (tetramethylene phosphonic acid)
Authors: Shirvani-Arani Simindokht , Bahrami-Samani Ali , Meftahi M. , Jalilian Amir Reza , Ghannadi-Maragheh Mohammad 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Thulium-170 (T
1/2 = 128.4 d, E

β
(max) = 968 keV, E

γ
= 84 keV (3.26%)) has radionuclidic properties suitable to be used in palliative therapy of bone metastases as an alternative to 89SrCl2. 170Tm can be produced by a relatively easy route involving thermal neutron bombardment on natural Tm2O3 (100% 169Tm) in medium flux research reactors. The requirement for an enriched target does not arise and radionuclidic impurities are not formed by radiative capture during neutron activation. In this study 170Tm was produced using Tm(NO3)3, prepared by neutron activation (3–4E13) of a natural sample. Ethylenediamine (tetramethylene phosphonic acid) (EDTMP) was synthesized and radiolabeled with 170Tm. Complexation parameters were optimized to achieve maximum yields (>99%). The radiochemical purity of 170Tm-EDTMP was checked by RTLC. It was found to retain its stability at room temperature even after 2 months of preparation (> 95%). Biodistribution studies of the complexes carried out in wild-type rats showed significant bone uptake with rapid clearance from blood. The properties of produced 170Tm-EDTMP suggest applying a new efficient bone pain palliative therapeutic agent in the country instead of some other in-use radiopharmaceuticals, such as 89SrCl2 and 32P, in order to overcome metastatic bone pains.
Mixed Micellization Behavior of Gemini (Cationic Ester-Bonded) Surfactants with Conventional (Cationic, Anionic and Nonionic) Surfactants in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Fatma Nazish , Ansari Wajid Husain , Panda Manorama , ud-Din Kabir 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Two cationic ester-bonded cleavable gemini surfactants of different hydrophobic chain length ethane-1,2-diyl bis(N,N-dimethyl-N-alkylammoniumacetoxy)dichloride, C
n
H2n+1(CH3)2N+(CH2COOCH2)2N+(CH3)2C
n
H2n+1. 2Cl- (n-E2-n, n=12, 16), having ester linkage in the spacer, were synthesized adopting the reported procedure. Physicochemical properties of the single and binary gemini-conventional mixed micelles of different mole fractions were studied by conductivity measurements at 30 ºC. The conventional surfactants used were: DTAC (dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride), CTAC (hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride), CPC (cetylpyridinium chloride), SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate), SDBS (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate), TX-100 (t-octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol) and Brij 58 (polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether). Whereas the critical micelle concentration (cmc) values for the dicationic geminis (12-E2-12 and 16-E2-16) were found to be very low as compared to the respective monomeric surfactant with the same number of carbon atoms in the hydrophobic chain per hydrophilic head group, those for all the binary systems were found to be less than the ideal cmc values studied at different mole fractions of the geminis. This synergistic interaction between the surfactants has been analyzed in the light of various theoretical models such as Clint, Rubingh, Motomura and Maeda.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use by Pediatric Specialty Outpatients
Authors: Adams Denise , Dagenais Simon , Clifford Tammy , Baydala Lola , King W. James , Hervas-Malo Marilou , Moher David , Vohra Sunita 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is high among children and youth with chronic illnesses. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and patterns of CAM use in 10 subspecialty clinics in Canada and to compare CAM use between 2 geographically diverse locations.

METHODS:
This survey was carried out at 1 Children’s Hospital in western Canada (Edmonton) and 1 Children’s Hospital in central Canada (Ottawa). Questionnaires were completed by parents in either French or English.

RESULTS:
Although demographic characteristics of the 2 populations were similar, CAM use at the western hospital was 71% (n = 704) compared with 42% (n = 222) at the central hospital (P &lt; .0001). Most respondents agreed or strongly agreed that they feel comfortable discussing CAM in their clinic. The most common CAM products currently used were multivitamins/minerals, herbal products, and homeopathic remedies. The most common CAM practices currently used were massage, chiropractic, relaxation, and aromatherapy. Eighty adverse effects were reported, and 55 (68.8%) of these were self-assessed as minor.

CONCLUSIONS:
Results of this study indicate that CAM use is high among pediatric specialty clinic outpatients and is much greater in the western than in the central hospital. Most respondents felt that their CAM use was helpful with few or no harms associated. Many patients, using CAM alongside their conventional medicines, are still not discussing their CAM use with their physicians and are increasing the likelihood for potential interactions and preventable harms.
Presleep Activities and Time of Sleep Onset in Children
Authors: Foley Louise S. , Maddison Ralph , Jiang Yannan , Marsh Samantha , Olds Timothy , Ridley Kate 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Presleep activities have been implicated in the declining sleep duration of young people. A use-of-time approach may be used to describe the presleep period. The study aims were to describe the activities undertaken 90 minutes before sleep onset and to examine the association between activities and time of sleep onset in New Zealand young people.

METHODS:
Participants (N = 2017; 5–18 years) self-reported their time use as part of a national survey. All activities reported in the 90 minutes before sleep were extracted. The top 20 activities were grouped into 3 behavioral sets: screen sedentary time, nonscreen sedentary time, and self-care. An adjusted regression model was used to estimate presleep time spent in each behavioral set for 4 distinct categories of sleep onset (very early, early, late, or very late), and the differences between sleep onset categories were tested.

RESULTS:
In the entire sample, television watching was the most commonly reported activity, and screen sedentary time accounted for ∼30 minutes of the 90-minute presleep period. Participants with a later sleep onset had significantly greater engagement in screen time than those with an earlier sleep onset. Conversely, those with an earlier sleep onset spent significantly greater time in nonscreen sedentary activities and self-care.

CONCLUSIONS:
Screen sedentary time dominated the presleep period in this sample and was associated with a later sleep onset. The development of interventions to reduce screen-based behaviors in the presleep period may promote earlier sleep onset and ultimately improved sleep duration in young people.
Effectiveness of a Safe Routes to School Program in Preventing School-Aged Pedestrian Injury
Authors: DiMaggio Charles , Li Guohua 
Published: January 2013

Background:
In 2005, the US Congress allocated $612 million for a national Safe Routes to School (SRTS) program to encourage walking and bicycling to schools. We analyzed motor vehicle crash data to assess the effectiveness of SRTS interventions in reducing school-aged pedestrian injury in New York City.

Methods:
Using geocoded motor vehicle crash data for 168 806 pedestrian injuries in New York City between 2001 and 2010, annual pedestrian injury rates per 10 000 population were calculated for different age groups and for census tracts with and without SRTS interventions during school-travel hours (defined as 7 am to 9 am and 2 pm to 4 pm, Monday through Friday during September through June).

Results:
During the study period, the annual rate of pedestrian injury decreased 33% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30 to 36) among school-aged children (5- to 19-year-olds) and 14% (95% CI: 12 to 16) in other age groups. The annual rate of school-aged pedestrian injury during school-travel hours decreased 44% (95% CI: 17 to 65) from 8.0 injuries per 10 000 population in the preintervention period (2001–2008) to 4.4 injuries per 10 000 population in the postintervention period (2009–2010) in census tracts with SRTS interventions. The rate remained virtually unchanged in census tracts without SRTS interventions (0% [95% CI: –8 to 8]).

Conclusions:
Implementation of the SRTS program in New York City has contributed to a marked reduction in pedestrian injury in school-aged children.
Vaccination Site and Risk of Local Reactions in Children 1 Through 6 Years of Age
Authors: Jackson Lisa A. , Peterson Do , Nelson Jennifer C. , Marcy S. Michael , Naleway Allison L. , Nordin James D. , Donahue James G. , Hambidge Simon J. , Balsbaugh Carolyn , Baxter Roger , Marsh Tracey , Madziwa Lawrence , Weintraub Eric 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Our objective was to assess whether the occurrence of medically attended local reactions to intramuscularly administered vaccines varies by injection site (arm versus thigh) in children 1 to 6 years of age.

METHODS:
This is a retrospective cohort study of children in the Vaccine Safety Datalink population from 2002 to 2009. Site of injection and the outcome of medically attended local reactions were identified from administrative data.

RESULTS:
The study cohort of 1.4 million children received 6.0 million intramuscular (IM) vaccines during the study period. The primary analyses evaluated the IM vaccines most commonly administered alone, which included inactivated influenza, hepatitis A, and diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines. For inactivated influenza and hepatitis A vaccines, local reactions were relatively uncommon, and there was no difference in risk of these events with arm versus thigh injections. The rate of local reactions after DTaP vaccines was higher, and vaccination in the arm was associated with a significantly greater risk of this outcome compared with vaccination in the thigh, both for children 12 to 35 months (relative risk: 1.88 [95% confidence interval: 1.34–2.65]) and 3 to 6 years of age (relative risk: 1.41 [95% confidence interval: 0.84–2.34]), although this difference was not statistically significant in the older age group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Injection in the thigh is associated with a significantly lower risk of a medically attended local reaction to a DTaP vaccination among children 12 to 35 months of age, supporting current recommendations to administer IM vaccinations in the thigh for children younger than 3 years of age.
Improvements in Teamwork During Neonatal Resuscitation After Interprofessional TeamSTEPPS Training
Authors: Sawyer Taylor , Laubach Vickie Ann , Hudak Joseph , Yamamura Kelli , Pocrnich Amber 
Published: January 2013

Purpose:To determine the impact of interprofessional Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety (TeamSTEPPS) training on teamwork skills during neonatal resuscitationDesign:Teams of physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapists participated in TeamSTEPPS training that included simulation with an event-based approach. During the simulations, scripted medication order and performance errors were used to test teamwork skills. Measures of teamwork skills were obtained before and after the training using a prospective pretest–posttest design.Sample:Forty-two physicians, nurses, and respiratory therapistsMain Outcome Variable:Teamwork skillsResult:Significant improvements in teamwork skills were seen in team structure, leadership, situation monitoring, mutual support, and communication (p<.001). Challenges by nurses to a scripted medication order error doubled from 38 percent before the training to 77 percent after the training. The odds of a nurse challenging an incorrect medication dose from an attending neonatologist improved significantly. Detection and correction of inadequate chest compressions increased from 61.5 to 84.6 percent after the training.
Mitochondrial Superoxide Generation Enhances P2X7R-Mediated Loss of Cell Surface CD62L on Naive Human CD4+ T Lymphocytes
Authors: Foster John G. , Carter Edward , Kilty Iain , MacKenzie Amanda B. , Ward Stephen G. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
Migration of naive CD4+ T lymphocytes into lymphoid tissue is essential for their activation and subsequent roles in adaptive immunity. The adhesion molecule L-selectin (CD62L), critical for this process, is highly expressed on naive CD4+ T lymphocytes and is downregulated upon T lymphocyte activation. We demonstrate protein expression of P2X7R on naive CD4+ T lymphocytes and show functional channel activity in whole-cell patch clamp recordings. CD62L downregulation occurs rapidly in response to extracellular ATP, a process that is blocked by selective antagonists of P2X7R. This loss of surface CD62L expression was not associated with externalization of phosphatidylserine. While investigating the mechanisms for this process, we revealed that pharmacological modulation of mitochondrial complex I or III, but not inhibition of NADPH oxidase, enhanced P2X7R-dependent CD62L downregulation by increasing ATP potency. Enhanced superoxide generation in the mitochondria of rotenone- and antimycin A–treated cells was observed and may contribute to the enhanced sensitivity of P2X7R to ATP. P2X7R-dependent exposure of phosphatidylserine was also revealed by preincubation with mitochondrial uncouplers prior to ATP treatment. This may present a novel mechanism whereby P2X7R-dependent phosphatidylserine exposure occurs only when cells have enhanced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation. The clearance of apoptotic cells may therefore be enhanced by this mechanism which requires functional P2X7R expression.
Cloning, Expression, and Functional Characterization of TL1A-Ig
Authors: Khan Samia Q. , Tsai Matthew S. , Schreiber Taylor H. , Wolf Dietlinde , Deyev Vadim V. , Podack Eckhard R. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
TNF superfamily member 15 (TL1A) is the ligand for TNFR superfamily (TNFRSF)25. We previously reported that TNFRSF25 stimulation with an agonist Ab, 4C12, expands pre-existing CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vivo. To determine how the physiological ligand differs from the Ab, we generated a soluble mouse TL1A-Ig fusion protein that forms a dimer of TL1A trimers in solution with an apparent molecular mass of 516 kDa. In vitro, TL1A-Ig mediated rapid proliferation of Foxp3+ Tregs and a population of CD4+Foxp3− conventional T cells. TL1A-Ig also blocked de novo biogenesis of inducible Tregs and it attenuated the suppressive function of Tregs. TNFRSF25 stimulation by TL1A-Ig in vivo induced expansion of Tregs such that they increased to 30–35% of all CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood within 5 d of treatment. Treg proliferation in vivo was dependent on TCR engagement with MHC class II. Elevated Treg levels can be maintained for at least 20 d with daily injections of TL1A-Ig. TL1A-Ig–expanded Tregs expressed high levels of activation/memory markers KLRG1 and CD103 and were highly suppressive ex vivo. TL1A-Ig–mediated Treg expansion in vivo was protective against allergic lung inflammation, a mouse model for asthma, by reversing the ratio of conventional T cells to Tregs in the lung and blocking eosinophil exudation into the bronchoalveolar fluid. Thus, TL1A-Ig fusion proteins are highly active and tightly controllable agents to stimulate Treg proliferation in vivo, and they are uniquely able to maintain high levels of expanded Tregs by repeated administration.
L Chain Allelic Inclusion Does Not Increase Autoreactivity in Lupus-Prone New Zealand Black/New Zealand White Mice
Authors: Makdasi Efi , Eilat Dan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractL chain allelic inclusion has been proposed as a B cell tolerance mechanism in addition to clonal deletion, clonal anergy, and receptor editing. It is said to rescue autoreactive B cells from elimination by diluting out the self-reactive BCR through the expression of a second innocuous L chain. In autoimmune animals, such as lupus-prone mice, allelically included B cells could be activated and produce pathogenic autoantibodies. We have previously shown that anti-DNA hybridomas from diseased New Zealand Black/New Zealand White F1 mice exhibit nearly perfect allelic exclusion. In the current study, we have analyzed single B cells from these and from nonautoimmune mice. In addition, we have cloned and expressed the Ig variable regions of several L chain–included B cells in cell culture. We find that although the number of L chain-included B cells increases as a result of receptor editing, the majority of such cells do not retain an autoreactive HxL chain combination and, therefore, allelic inclusion in itself does not serve as a B cell tolerance mechanism in these autoimmune mice.