bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public Lands and Cultural Resource Protection
Authors: Hedquist Saul L. , Ellison Leigh Anne , Laurenzi Andy 
Published: November 2014

AbstractArchaeological resource protection remains an important management concern on public lands in the U.S. Southwest and beyond. While legislation and educational programs have contributed to a general improvement in public attitudes toward cultural heritage, archaeological resources on public lands remain vulnerable to a variety of human impacts. We present results of a condition and damage assessment of 96 prominent precontact sites on the Tonto National Forest (TNF) in central Arizona. We summarize field methods and observations and discuss their implications for the management and protection of archaeological resources on the TNF and other public lands. Sites at varying distances from roads were assessed in an effort to identify potential relationships between damage frequency and road proximity. Field results indicate that (1) unauthorized damage occurs more frequently at sites near TNF roads; and (2) economical measures like advisory signage provide potentially effective means of deterring unauthorized damage to sites in higher risk locations. Our findings add to a knowledge base important for understanding patterns of damage and site vulnerability and for developing practical protection strategies in line with public land missions and administrative capabilities.
How Archaeologists and Artifact Collectors Can—and Should—Collaborate to Comply with Legal and Ethical Antiquities Codes
Authors: Pitblado Bonnie L. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn a recent American Antiquity forum (Pitblado 2014), I argued that not only is it possible for archaeologists to engage in ethical collaborations with members of the artifact-collecting public, but that the Society for American Archaeology’s “Principles of Archaeological Ethics” stipulates that we should do so. This is not a message, however, that has fully permeated the archaeological community, which has led to a schism between populations who are often natural allies. This paper starts with that premise: that archaeologists should actively pursue collaborations with the artifact-collecting community with the goal of advancing research agendas, public education, and long-term care of collections in private hands. The paper offers guidelines for establishing and nurturing professional-collector relationships in a way that furthers the directives of legal and ethical archaeological codes. I begin with an overview of the changing nature of professional-collector relationships during the twentieth century, exploring reasons for the divisiveness that has characterized recent decades. I next suggest five steps for establishing appropriate relationships with artifact collectors—and avoiding inappropriate ones. Finally, I describe how I followed those steps to establish a network of collector-collaborators to build the foundation for a Paleoamerican research program in southeastern Idaho and northern Utah.
Defining Best 3D Practices in Archaeology
Authors: Galeazzi Fabrizio , Moyes Holley , Aldenderfer Mark 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis research aims to investigate the potential use of three-dimensional (3D) technologies for the analysis and interpretation of heritage sites. This article uses different 3D survey technologies to find the most appropriate methods to document archaeological stratigraphy, based on diverse environmental conditions, light exposures, and varied surfaces. The use of 3D laser scanners and dense stereo matching (DSM) techniques is now well established in archaeology. However, no convincing comparisons between those techniques have been presented. This research fills this gap to provide an accurate data assessment for the Las Cuevas site (Belize) and represents a starting point for the definition of a sharable methodology. Tests in Las Cuevas were conducted to compare both accuracy and density reliability in cave environments using two different techniques: triangulation light laser scanner and DSM. This study finds that DSM is the most economical, portable, and flexible approach for the 3D documentation of archaeological sites today. In fact, DSM allows the 3D documentation process to be done more efficiently, reducing both data acquisition and processing time. Nonetheless, the quantitative comparison presented in this paper underscores the need to integrate this technique with other technologies when the data acquisition of micro-stratigraphy is required.
Working Internationally with Indigenous Groups
Authors: Watkins Joe 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNorth American archaeologists working with Native American or First Nations communities, whose culture often forms the basis of the archaeological record, are becoming increasingly aware that they face a differing set of concerns and issues than those archaeologists who work with non-Native communities. Although their work is not as widely reported in the literature, North American archaeologists who have been fortunate enough to conduct research with Indigenous communities in other parts of the world are often overwhelmed by the variety of issues that may crop up. They often find that their experiences highlight the challenges but also the fulfillment involved in working with Indigenous groups. In the following paper, I offer suggestions based on practices that helped to alleviate issues I faced when working internationally. By broadening the discourse concerning working with Indigenous groups, I hope that these suggestions may also prove relevant to improving the practice of archaeology in North America as well.
Current Trends in Research in Climate Change Related to Biodiversity
Authors: Singh Pooja , Nagendran R. 
Published: December 2014

The changing climate has forced its way into everyone’s mind as an unpleasant thought. Global warming, no more a hoax now, has started to show its presence everywhere. It has affected the atmosphere, economy, politics, lifestyle, biodiversity etc. Of all, biodiversity is a clear indicator of changing climate. The indication is made by the chemical, physiological or behavioral changes observed in animal and plant species. There has been a shift in the species diversity towards the regions which were originally cold but have become warm due to the warming of the climate. The research on the effects of climate change on biodiversity has been intensive. The studies have covered several aspects of ‘biodiversity -climate’ interactions. The present paper is an attempt to provide an insight into the major contributions by researchers as reflected in papers published during the last fifteen years in some of the leading journals and discuss the research needs for the future, especially in the context of developing countries. Keywords - Climatology, biodiversity, species interaction, India
Outcome of Cataract Surgery from Outreach Eye Camp
Authors: Senjan Suraj , Vashist Praveen , Malhotra Sumit 
Published: November 2014

Purpose:
To share the concept of Reach in Programme (RIP) outreach eye care model and presents its outcome for the last five years of services (2009-13).

Methodology: Reach in Programme:
RIP is primarily Public-Private partnership model for outreach cataract intervention services with occasional involvement of Panchayati Raj Institution. Operable cataract patients were identified and referred to base hospital for intervention. Review of the RIP files and registers as primary sources of the data and cataract surgical records as secondary sources was done during June & July of 2013. Data were collected on those patients who had undergone surgery through outreach eye care services only. Data were entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed descriptively. The outcome was presented in terms of quantity and visual acuity status as a dichotomized optotype with a cut off of 6/60.

Results:
A total of 8735 (M=47.5%; F=52.5%) patients were operated in either eye during the five year period (2009-13) out of 9729 admitted. Of the total operated, 19% of them were less than 50 years of age. Very few were conventional surgery (2.2%); rests were phaco-emulsification technique. Preoperatively, 60% had visual acuity <6/60 in the operated eye. Six weeks' after surgery, 9.5% had poor visual outcome (<6/60) out of total follow up (415/5241) without any correction. Records of 61 patients were available for poor visual outcome that was attributed to surgical complications. Bullous keratopathy (27), posterior capsular opacity (16), uveitis (10) were maximally documented in decreasing numbers.

Conclusions:
Quite an amount of cataract surgery was conducted through our outreach eye care services with reasonably good quality. Strategy needs to be developed to improve follow up compliance as well as the reasons of poor outcome records.
An Unusual Case of a Large Orbital Wooden Foreign Body
Authors: Sharma Ram Lal , Damani Gopal 
Published: November 2014

Aim:
To report the image findings and management of an orbital foreign body from the left orbit to the right maxillary sinus in a child.

Methods:
A case report.

Results:
An 11 years old child with history of fall and referred for suturing, presented within 6 hours of the injury with an external wound about 1.5 × 1 cm along the medial 1/3rd of the inferior orbital rim below the lower eyelid margin of left eye, with normal ocular examination. An axial CT reported as a linear hypodense tract of 5.8 cm. The tract was extending medially to pierce and enter the medial wall of the right maxillary sinus. The patient was immediately taken to emergency OT for exploration and wound repair. A trans-orbital wooden FB with paranasal sinus extent was removed successfully without any visual or ocular damage.

Conclusions:
orbital FB is an important cause of ocular morbidity and functional residual deficit particulary in pediatric age group. A very high index of suspicion and thorough local examination along with the armamentarium of imaging modalities are must for managing such cases.
Characteristics of ice grains in the Enceladus plume from Cassini observations
Authors: Dong Y. , Hill T. W. , Ye S.‐Y. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIce grains in the Enceladus plume have been observed by several Cassini instruments during many Enceladus encounters. In this paper we study the ice grains ranging from less than one nanometer to micrometers in size based on multiple instrument observations. We have analyzed the nanograin data from the E17 and E18 Cassini Plasma Spectrometer (CAPS) energy spectra using the approach of Hill et al. (2012) and studied the charging of the grains using the E3–E6 Radio and Plasma Wave Spectrometer (RPWS)‐Langmuir Probe (LP) data presented by Morooka et al. (2011). To bridge the gap between CAPS nanograin observations and Cosmic Dust Analyzer and RPWS micrograin observations, we propose a composite size distribution and fit it to the E3, E5, E17, and E18 CAPS and RPWS data. The resulting size distribution peaks at ~2 nm and provides a total grain mass density ~20% that of the water vapor measured by Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer at the densest part of the plume and a total grain charge density much smaller than that inferred from the RPWS‐LP plasma data. Charge balance with the RPWS‐LP plasma data would require many more grains than provided by the best fit composite distribution to the CAPS and RPWS data and would provide a grain mass density comparable to that of the water vapor. On the basis of these results, we study the subsequent motion of the ice grains and estimate the resulting grain current (~104 to ~105A) and grain mass production rate (~15–65 kg/s).
Real‐Time Chemiluminescence Imaging Using Nano‐Lantern Probes
Authors: Arai Yoshiyuki , Nagai Takeharu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChemiluminescence imaging can be performed without excitation light sources at various spatial levels ranging from a single cell to the whole body. Thus far, chemiluminescence imaging has been primarily performed with long exposure times because of weak signals, resulting in low temporal resolution. Recently, the brightest‐known chemiluminescent proteins—Nano‐lantern and Nano‐lantern‐based functional indicators—have been developed. Nano‐lantern probes break the limitation of temporal resolution and enable chemiluminescence imaging of living samples such as cells, plants, and small animals at video rates. This unit describes one protocol for observation of a freely moving unshaved mouse transplanted with Nano‐lantern‐expressing tumor cells, and another for compatible use of optogenetic tools and a Nano‐lantern calcium indicator. Both protocols utilize the synchronization of illumination and camera acquisition sessions, thereby enabling real‐time chemiluminescence imaging. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Production of silk fibroin nanoparticles using ionic liquids and high‐power ultrasounds
Authors: Lozano‐Pérez Antonio Abel , Montalbán Mercedes García , Aznar‐Cervantes Salvador David , Cragnolini Francesca , Cenis José Luis , Víllora Gloria 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBiopolymeric nanoparticles have attracted great research interest in the last few years due to their multiple applications. This article describes how high‐power ultrasounds are capable of enhancing the dissolution process of silk proteins in ionic liquids (ILs) and how silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNs) can be obtained directly from the silk/ionic liquid solution (SIL) by rapid desolvation in polar organic solvents. The silk fibroin integrity is highly preserved during the dissolution process, as confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) of the SIL. These regenerated SFNs are insoluble in water and other common organic solvents and are indistinguishable from the classical SFNs with respect to their diameter (180 ± 5 nm), Zeta potential (−25 ± 3 mV), high degree of β‐sheet and low cytotoxicity. Large amounts of silk can be turned into biomaterials directly from the SIL solution for use in a wide range of applications, while the ILs can be recovered from the coagulant solution under reduced pressure and reused without loss of their solvent properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41702.
Ausführung tragender Tiefgaragen‐Bodenplatten unter wirtschaftlichen Aspekten
Authors: Rösener Wolfgang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn den letzten 15 Jahren hat sich eine große Anzahl von Fachleuten und Gremien mit der Ausführung direkt befahrener Parkdecks aus tragenden Stahlbetonkonstruktionen auseinandergesetzt, wobei technische und juristische Themen im Vordergrund standen. Eine streng wirtschaftliche Betrachtungsweise führt jedoch zu überraschenden Aspekten bzw. deutlich von solchen in zurückliegenden Veröffentlichungen abweichenden Empfehlungen, wobei im Rahmen dieses Aufsatzes ausschließlich die Ausführungsmöglichkeiten tragender Tiefgaragen‐Bodenplatten analysiert werden.Execution of carrying carpark‐baseplates under economic aspects. Calculated damages vs. coating?In the last 15 years a large number of professionals and bodies set apart with the execution of directly drive on parking decks made of carrying reinforced concrete structures, in which the focus was on technical and legal themes. A strictly economical approach leads to surprisingly aspects respectively clear from such publications in history with different recommendations. This essay only analyzes the execution abilities of carrying underground carpark‐baseplates.
Zum Nachweis der räumlichen Gebäudestabilität
Authors: Brandt Bernd 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDer Nachweis der Gebäudeaussteifung gemäß EC2 einschl. des nationalen Anhangs [1, 2] führt für Verdrehungsbeanspruchungen mit Ausnahme der Sonderfälle der reinen Wölbkrafttorsion (κ = 0) und der reinen St. Venantschen Torsion (κ = ∞) zu Ergebnissen, die bis zu 34 % von der genauen Lösung abweichen und generell auf der unsicheren Seite liegen, d. h. es ist nach der genauen Berechnung eher ein Nachweis nach Theorie II. Ordnung erforderlich, als es nach EC2 [1, 2] vorgegeben wird.Es sind ergänzend zur genauen Berechnung modifizierte Labilitätszahlen angegeben, mit denen das Stabilitäts‐ und Schwingungsverhalten eines Gebäudes zutreffend beurteilt werden kann. Zusätzlich gibt es für die Labilitätszahlen eine geschlossene formelmäßige Lösung, die von der genauen Berechnung um weniger als 3 % abweicht.Die Vorgehensweise ist an einem Beispiel erläutert, baupraktische Hinweise vervollständigen die Ausführungen.Proof of spatial stability of the buildingThe verification of building bracing in accordance with EC2, including the national annex [1, 2] for torsional loads, with exception in specific cases of pure warping torsion (κ = 0) and Saint Venant torsion (κ = ∞), leads to results that deviate up to 34 % of the exact solution and generally may be incorrect. Based on exact calculation, it is rather a verification according to theory II. regulation required according to EC2 [1, 2].In addition to the exact calculation, modified labilitynumbers have been added, with which the stability performance as well as the vibrational characteristics of a building can be appropriately assessed. Furthermore, there is a closed formulized solution for the lability numbers, of which the exact calculation deviates less than 3 %.This procedure is illustrated by means of an example. Operational indications complete these versions.
Prussian Blue Films Produced by Pentacyanidoferrate(II) and Their Application as Active Electrochemical Layers
Authors: Morandi Pires Bruno , Venturinelli Jannuzzi Sergio Augusto , Barboza Formiga André Luiz , Alves Bonacin Juliano 
Published: December 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Juliano Bonacin from the University of Campinas, Brazil. The cover image shows the use of Prussian Blue films prepared from pentacyanidoferrate(II) to chemically modify electrodes of electrochemical sensors.
From the discussion at the Tunnel Day 2010 to VIP 2 / Von der Diskussion am Tunneltag 2010 bis zum VIP 2
Authors: Purer Walter , Holzer Wolfgang 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe discussion “NATM – quo vadis” at the 7th Austrian Tunnel Day 2010 made quite clear that questions apart from tunnelling technology, especially questions about cooperation between project partners, represent the bottleneck holding back the successful implementation of infrastructure projects. Contracts with excessively low prices were identified as the essential cause of problems with cooperation between project partners. This consideration led to the forming of the VIP working group of the ITA Austria. The VIP tendering model should change precisely the process that was recognised as essential in the discussion at the Tunnel Day 2010. At the same time, however, it was clear that the cybernetic networking of all construction processes also had to be considered. The award itself is thus no isolated process but only a part of a mosaic of improved cooperation in construction. The following considerations have therefore been included in the VIP:– The close integration with all other processes requires cybernetic modelling.– Construction is not a purely technical but rather a techno‐social process.– The quality of collaboration is essential for the overall success of a construction project.– The award criteria must be aimed at the optimisation of the completed structure.– Due to the complexity of infrastructure projects, tendering as a negotiation procedure is mostly more suitable than an open/non‐open procedure.Die Diskussion “NÖT – quo vadis” hat am 7. Österreichischen Tunneltag 2010 hat eindrucksvoll vor Augen geführt, dass nicht tunnelbautechnischen Fragestellungen, sondern Probleme der Kooperation der Projektbeteiligten den Engpass für erfolgreiche Projektabwicklung im Infrastrukturbau darstellt. Für die Kooperation der Projektbeteiligten wurde das Bauen mit zu niedrigen Preisen als maßgebender Problemverursacher erkannt. Aus dieser Einschätzung hat sich die Arbeitsgruppe VIP der ITA‐Austria gebildet. Mit dem Vergabemodell VIP sollte genau jener Prozess verändert werden, der aus der Diskussion des Tunneltags 2010 als maßgebend erkannt wurde. Zugleich war aber auch klar, dass die kybernetische Vernetzung aller Prozesse des Bauens mit berücksichtigt werden müssen. Die Vergabe selbst ist daher kein isolierter Prozess, sondern nur ein Mosaikstein für verbesserte Kooperation am Bau. Die folgenden Überlegungen sind daher in die Erarbeitung des VIP eingeflossen:– Die enge Vernetzung mit allen anderen Prozessen erfordert eine kybernetische Modellierung.– Das Bauen ist kein rein technischer, sondern ein techno‐sozialer Prozess.– Die Qualität der Zusammenarbeit ist für den Gesamterfolg eines Bauprojekts maßgebend.– Die Kriterien für die Vergabe müssen auf ein Optimum des fertigen Bauwerks ausgerichtet sein.– Aufgrund der Komplexität von Infrastrukturprojekten ist die Vergabe im Verhandlungsverfahren gegenüber einem offenen/nicht offenen Verfahren meist besser geeignet.
The Onset of Nonmotor Symptoms in Parkinson's disease (The ONSET PDStudy)
Authors: Pont‐Sunyer Claustre , Hotter Anna , Gaig Carles , Seppi Klaus , Compta Yaroslau , Katzenschlager Regina , Mas Natalia , Hofeneder Dominik , Brücke Thomas , Bayés Angels , Wenzel Karoline , Infante Jon , Zach Heidemarie , Pirker Walter , Posada Ignacio J. , Álvarez Ramiro , Ispierto Lourdes , De Fàbregues Oriol , Callén Antoni , Palasí Antoni , Aguilar Miquel , Martí Maria José , Valldeoriola Francesc , Salamero Manel , Poewe Werner , Tolosa Eduardo 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTNonmotor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) can precede onset of motor symptoms. Relationship between premotor symptoms onset and motor features is limited. Our aim is to describe the presence and perceived onset of NMS in PD as well as their possible association with motor phenotype. Presence and onset of NMS were assessed by a custom‐made questionnaire in 109 newly diagnosed untreated PD patients and 107 controls from 11 Spanish and Austrian centers. Seventeen of thirty‐one NMS were more common in patients than controls (P < 0.05). They were usually mild and frequently reported to occur at different time‐spans before motor symptoms. Anhedonia, apathy, memory complaints, and inattention occurred more frequently during the 2‐year premotor period. Those reported more frequently in the 2‐ to 10‐year premotor period were smell loss, mood disturbances, taste loss, excessive sweating, fatigue, and pain. Constipation, dream‐enacting behavior, excessive daytime sleepiness, and postprandial fullness were frequently perceived more than 10 years before motor symptoms. No correlation between NMS burden and motor severity, age, or gender was observed. NMS associated in four clusters: rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder symptoms‐constipation, cognition‐related, mood‐related, and sensory clusters. No cluster was associated with a specific motor phenotype or severity. NMS are common in early unmedicated PD and frequently reported to occur in the premotor period. They are generally mild, but a patient subgroup showed high NMS burden mainly resulting from cognition‐related symptoms. Certain NMS when present at the time of assessment or in the premotor stage, either alone or in combination, allowed discriminating PD from controls. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society