bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Style inNewIreland Art and Culture: Grasping theNative's Point of View
Authors: Billings Dorothy K. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA review of definitions of style and studies of particular people suggest that while many studies of art discuss iconography, social relationships, structure, identity, form, function, and so on, few discuss style; and fewer discuss style as world view, ethos, values, or gestalt. In this paper,Ireport some findings of field work in the arts and cultures ofNewIreland andNewHanover in support of research in cultural anthropology on style in this larger sense. I will provide some documentation for ‘theNative's point of view’ on this subject, which affirms its importance in any study of culture.
Fake It Until You Make It: Searching forMimesis inBuka Village Politics
Authors: Oppermann Thiago Cintra 
Published: July 2015

AbstractContemporaryMelanesian communities face difficulties both because of the withdrawal of government services and the continued influence of clientelism within the politics of the distributive state. A notable reaction to both these problems is the organisation of a broad class of groups that may be termed ‘parastatal’: informal organisations, often evanescent, which form around the state and its absence. These may often appear as ‘mimetic’ of recognisable state forms. Characteristically, the analysis of such ‘mimesis’ in Melanesia is framed by doubt that the emulation of state forms extends to the alleged rationality or ‘interiority’ of the state. Here, a case in which villagers in theAutonomousRegion ofBougainville undertook to prosecute themselves for non‐payment of school fees is discussed in order to expose the substantial difficulties with understanding parastatal organisation in terms of ‘copying’. The case suggests integration of the villagers into the actually existing state system is much deeper than is often assumed.
RAFT made methacrylate copolymers for reversible pH‐responsive nanoparticles
Authors: Yildirim Turgay , Rinkenauer Alexandra C. , Weber Christine , Traeger Anja , Schubert Stephanie , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, we designed and investigated pH‐responsive nanoparticles based on different ratios of monomers with primary, secondary or tertiary amino groups. For this purpose, copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with different compositions of amino methacrylates (2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA), 2‐(tert‐butylamino)ethyl methacrylate (tBAEMA) and 2‐aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride (AEMA·HCI)) were synthesized using the reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization process. The controlled nature of the radical polymerization was demonstrated by kinetic studies. All copolymers show low dispersities (ĐM < 1.2) with amino contents between 9 and 21 mol %. For the nanoparticle formation, nanoprecipitation with subsequent solvent evaporation was used. All suspensions were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Different initial conditions of the formulations resulted in differently sized nanoparticles that have monomodal size distributions, relatively narrow polydispersity index (PDI) values and positive zeta potential values. The pH‐stability test results demonstrated that, depending on the structure and amount of the amino content, the obtained nanoparticles reveal a reversible pH‐response, such as dissolution at acidic pH values. The ability of the nanoparticles to encapsulate guest molecules was confirmed by pyrene fluorescence studies. The cytotoxicity assay results showed that the nanoparticles did not have any significant cytotoxic effect. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2711–2721
A New Drug Combinatory Effect Prediction Algorithm on the Cancer Cell Based on Gene Expression and Dose–Response Curve
Authors: Goswami C Pankaj , Cheng L , Alexander PS , Singal A , Li L 
Published: July 2015

Gene expression data before and after treatment with an individual drug and the IC20 of dose–response data were utilized to predict two drugs' interaction effects on a diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cancer cell. A novel drug interaction scoring algorithm was developed to account for either synergistic or antagonistic effects between drug combinations. Different core gene selection schemes were investigated, which included the whole gene set, the drug‐sensitive gene set, the drug‐sensitive minus drug‐resistant gene set, and the known drug target gene set. The prediction scores were compared with the observed drug interaction data at 6, 12, and 24 hours with a probability concordance (PC) index. The test result shows the concordance between observed and predicted drug interaction ranking reaches a PC index of 0.605. The scoring reliability and efficiency was further confirmed in five drug interaction studies published in the GEO database.CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. (2015) 4, 80–90; doi:10.1002/psp4.9; published online on 19 February 2015.
The Impact of Hot Rolling Temperature after Reheating in the New Generation Strip Casting Process on Structure‐Property Relationship in Extra‐Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Liu Hai‐Tao , Chen Dong‐Jie , Zhang Bao‐Guang , Li Hua‐Long , Chen Ai‐Hua , Li Lei , Wang Guo‐Dong , Misra R. Devesh Kumar 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThere is currently a significant interest in extending the application of novel strip casting technology to a wide range of high strength steels because it allows strip to be cast directly from the liquid metal with minimal rolling. In view of the current interest in developing strip casting technology, we explore here the structure‐property relation in extra‐low carbon steel, with particular emphasis on an important parameter, the rolling temperature after reheating. The as‐cast strip exhibited continuous yielding behavior, significantly lower yield ratio and higher elongation than hot rolled sheets. Coarse and recovered microstructure with Lüders‐like deformation bands was formed when the reheating temperature was in the range of 800–900 °C and followed by one‐pass hot rolling, while coarse‐fine mixed microstructure and fine and homogeneous microstructure was formed at 950 and 1000 °C, respectively. These differences in microstructure led to a transition from continuous yielding to discontinuous yielding with increase in reheating temperature from 800 to 1000 °C and followed by hot rolling. The present study underscores that a good combination of yield strength and elongation that is comparable to conventional hot rolled sheets can be successfully obtained through optimization of hot rolling temperature after reheating in the strip casting process.
Integrative biomarker discovery in neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Carreiro André V. , Mendonça Alexandre , de Carvalho Mamede , Madeira Sara C. 
Published: July 2015

Data mining has been widely applied in biomarker discovery resulting in significant findings of different clinical and biological biomarkers. With developments in technology, from genomics to proteomics analysis, a deluge of data has become available, as well as standardized data repositories. Nonetheless, researchers are still facing important challenges in analyzing the data, especially when considering the complexity of pathways involved in biological processes and diseases. Data from single sources appear unable to explain complex processes, such as those involved in brain‐related disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, thus raising the need for a more comprehensive perspective. A possible solution relies on data and model integration, where several data types are combined to provide complementary views. This in turn can result in the discovery of previously unknown biomarkers by unraveling otherwise hidden relationships between data from different sources, and/or validate such composite biomarkers in more powerful predictive models. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2015, 7:357–379. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1310This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Computational Methods
Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Translational Medicine
“Ghost” segregation pattern and ferroelectric domains in mixed calcium‐strontium‐barium niobates
Authors: Wierzchowski W. , Wieteska K. , Malinowska A. , Wierzbicka E. , Romaniec M. , Lefeld‐Sosnowska M. , Świrkowicz M. , Łukasiewicz T. , Sakowska H. , Paulmann C. 
Published: July 2015

The defect structure investigations of selected ferroelectric niobates such as SrxBa1‐xNb2O6 (SBN), CaxBa1‐xNb2O6 (CBN) and mixed (Ca0.28Ba0.72)y(Sr0.61Ba0.39)1‐yNb2O6 (CSBN) single crystals grown by the Czochralski method have been performed by means of synchrotron and conventional diffraction topography and scanning electron microscopy.A new characteristic phenomenon has been indicated in CSBN crystals, which consisted in occurrence of two different systems of segregation fringes forming a crossing pattern. The first of them is the normal one, connected with the subsequent positions of the growth surface and coaxial with the core and the boundaries of the crystal. The second one, crossing the previous, is related to a kind of ‘ghost’ pattern reproducing some chemical composition changes in the new growing part of the crystal. Some rod‐like inclusions were also revealed around the core in the central part of samples cut out from various crystals.The scanning electron microscopic studies of selectively chemical etched samples revealed a domain structure in the SrxBa1‐xNb2O6, CaxBa1‐xNb2O6 and CSBN crystals. The ferroelectric domains were located along [001] direction. The domains, however, have not been revealed in the presented topographic experiments because of their small sizes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous Vagal Nerve Monitoring is Dangerous and Should not Routinely be Done During Thyroid Surgery
Authors: Terris David J. , Chaung Katrina , Duke William S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionLaryngeal nerve monitoring has been increasingly embraced as a mechanism for mitigating the risk of nerve damage during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Vagal nerve monitoring has recently been introduced as a potentially increased level of nerve integrity scrutiny. We sought to define the risks and benefits of this technology in a prospective analysis of a series of patients undergoing neck endocrine surgery.SettingHigh‐volume academic endocrine surgery practice.MethodsA prospective, non‐controlled trial of continuous vagal nerve monitoring (CVNM) in a projected cohort of 20 non‐randomly selected patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery was planned. A commercially available nerve monitoring system with automatic periodic stimulation was utilized for both laryngeal nerve monitoring and CVNM. Demographic data were obtained, and outcome variables included surgical procedures performed, pathology, complications, incremental time required to achieve CVNM, and benefits of monitoring and stimulation.ResultsThe patient accrual was aborted after 9 surgeries (12 nerves monitored) because of two serious adverse events (hemodynamic instability and reversible vagal neuropraxia attributable to the monitoring apparatus). No other complications occurred. The time to establish monitoring ranged from 3 to 26 min, with a median of 6 min (representing 2.9–12.2 % of the total surgical procedural time). The stimulation clamp became dislodged 11 times in 5 cases and was replaced in 7 of those instances. Benefits of CVNM included recognition of reduced amplitude and increased nerve latency in two patients.ConclusionsWe report the first evidence that CVNM may cause serious patient harm. This novel approach is invasive and threatens patient safety. Although it may occasionally provide meaningful information, the risk–benefit ratio does not favor widespread adoption.
Latitudinal Trends and Drivers in the CO2–Carbonic Acid System of Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument
Authors: Kealoha Andrea K. , Kahng Samuel E. , Mackenzie Fred T. , Alin Simone R. , Kosaki Randall K. , Brainard Russell E. , Winn Christopher D. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Emissions of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere and the consequent effects of climate change and ocean acidification on coral reef ecosystems have motivated significant interest in describing and understanding the CO2–carbonic acid system of diverse coral reef environments. Although numerous studies have been successful in monitoring reef metabolism both in the field and in the laboratory, physical and biological forcings produce distinct conditions among environments. Due to the geographic isolation and associated difficulties with measuring marine carbon chemistry in waters of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM), relatively few studies have described the CO2–carbonic acid system and carbonate saturation state gradients of these waters. Yet, PMNM remains one of the largest conservation areas in the world with extensive and diverse coral reef ecosystems that could offer valuable insight into our current and future understanding about regional and global impacts of ocean acidification. In order to provide a broad overview of latitudinal trends and features of the marine carbon system in PMNM waters, continuous measurements for surface seawater fugacity of CO2 (fCO2) and pH were collected during August 2011 and July 2012 cruises of the NOAA Ship Hi’ialakai. These measurements indicate that pH and fCO2 are three times more variable in nearshore monument waters relative to open ocean transect measurements. This variability can be observed up to 50 km away from the nearest reef and is likely the result of the direct and significant impact of coral reef metabolism on marine carbon chemistry around the islands and atolls. The relationship between total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon is consistent with net calcification which creates an alkalinity sink throughout PMNM waters. Additionally, our measurements show clear latitudinal trends in fCO2, pH, and aragonite saturation state that are influenced by environmental forcings, including temperature, wind speed, and residence time of the water. Collectively, our results suggest that coral reefs located at the northernmost atolls of PMNM may be the most susceptible to the adverse impacts of climate change and ocean acidification.
Population structure and connectivity in Indo-Pacific deep-sea mussels of the Bathymodiolus septemdierum complex
Authors: Breusing Corinna , Johnson Shannon B. , Tunnicliffe Verena , Vrijenhoek Robert C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCurrent pressures to mine polymetallic sulfide deposits pose threats to the animal communities found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Management plans aimed at preserving these unusual communities require knowledge of historical and contemporary forces that shaped the distributions and connectivity of associated species. As most vent research has focused on the eastern Pacific and mid-Atlantic ridge systems less is known about Indo-Pacific vents, where mineral extraction activities are imminent. Deep-sea mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) of the genus Bathymodiolus include the morphotypic species B. septemdierum, B. brevior, B. marisindicus, and B. elongatus which are among the dominant vent taxa in western Pacific back-arc basins and the Central Indian Ridge. To assess their interpopulational relationships, we examined multilocus genotypes based on DNA sequences from four nuclear and four mitochondrial genes, and allozyme variation encoded by eleven genes. Bayesian assignment methods grouped mussels from seven widespread western Pacific localities into a single cluster, whereas the Indian Ocean mussels were clearly divergent. Thus, we designate two regional metapopulations. Notably, contemporary migration rates among all sites appeared to be low despite limited population differentiation, which highlights the necessity of obtaining realistic data on recovery times and fine-scale population structure to develop and manage conservation units effectively. Future studies using population genomic methods to address these issues in a range of species will help to inform management plans aimed at mitigating potential impacts of deep-sea mining in the Indo-Pacific region.
Concordance of the Montreal cognitive assessment with standard neuropsychological measures
Authors: Vogel Sally J. , Banks Sarah J. , Cummings Jeffrey L. , Miller Justin B. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe concordance of the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) with more comprehensive neuropsychological measures remains unclear. This study examined the individual MoCA domains with more comprehensive and commonly used neuropsychological measures to determine the degree of overlap.MethodsData included individuals seen in an outpatient neurology clinic specializing in neurodegenerative disease who were administered the MoCA and also underwent neuropsychological assessment (n = 471). A principal component analysis with varimax rotation was completed using the MoCA domain scores and comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation measures.ResultsFour factors emerged accounting for 55.6% of the variance: (1) visuospatial/executive functioning; (2) memory; (3) attention; and (4) language. The individual MoCA domain scores demonstrated high factor loadings with standard neuropsychological measures purported to measure similar cognitive constructs.DiscussionThese findings provide empirical validation for the MoCA domain classifications, lending further support for the use of the MoCA as a cognitive screen that reflects similar constructs as those measured by a comprehensive battery.
Late‐onset behavioral variant of frontotemporal lobar degeneration versus Alzheimer's disease: Interest of cerebrospinal fluid biomarker ratios
Authors: Marelli Cecilia , Gutierrez Laure‐Anne , Menjot de Champfleur Nicolas , Charroud Celine , De Verbizier Delphine , Touchon Jacques , Douillet Patrice , Berr Claudine , Lehmann Sylvain , Gabelle Audrey 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker ratios were never evaluated in late‐onset (>65 years) behavioral variant of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (bvFTLD) versus Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsA retrospective monocentric study on 44 clinically suspected amnestic AD or bvFTLD patients with onset after 65 years and available CSF and clinical data.ResultsThe final clinical diagnosis was AD (n = 28; 64%), late‐onset bvFTLD (n = 14; 32%), and others (n = 2; 4%). Applying the CSF cutoff total‐tau/Aβ1–42 of 1.06, all the bvFTLD were in the FTLD range (<1.06, bvFTLD/FTLD), whereas the AD patients were either in the AD (>1.06, AD/AD) or in the FTLD range (<1.06, AD/FTLD); CSF biomarkers were significantly different in these three groups, but not neuroradiological features or presence of episodic memory deficit.DiscussionLate‐onset bvFTLD is underdiagnosed. The available CSF biomarker ratio cutoff need further improvement and overestimated late‐onset bvFTLD but could potentially differentiate it from AD, notably in case of conflicting results.
CAEP 2014 Academic symposium: “How to make research succeed in your department: How to fund your research program”
Authors: Vaillancourt Christian , Rowe Brian H. , Artz Jennifer D. , Green Robert , Émond Marcel , Thiruganasambandamoorthy Venkatesh , Innes Grant , Perry Jeffrey J. , Calder Lisa A. , Stiell Ian G. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe sought to gather a comprehensive list of funding strategies and opportunities for emergency medicine (EM) centres across Canada, and make recommendations on how to successfully fund all levels of research activity, including research projects, staff salaries, infrastructure, and researcher stipends.MethodsWe formed an expert panel consisting of volunteers recognized nationally for their scholarly work in EM. First, we conducted interviews with academic leaders and researchers to obtain a description of their local funding strategies using a standardized open-ended questionnaire. Panelists then identified emerging funding models. Second, we listed funding opportunities and initiatives at the provincial, national, and international levels. Finally, we used an iterative consensus-based approach to derive pragmatic recommendations after incorporating comments and suggestions from participants at an academic symposium.ResultsOur review of funding strategies identified four funding models: 1) investigator dependent model, 2) practice plan, 3) generous benefactor, and 4) mixed funding. Recommendations in this document include approaches for research contributors and producers (seven recommendations), for local academic leaders (five recommendations), and for national organizations, such as the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) (three recommendations).ConclusionsFunding for research in EM varies across Canada and is largely insecure. We offer recommendations to help facilitate funding for large and small projects, for salary support, and for local and national leaders to advance EM research. We believe that these recommendations will increase funding for all levels of EM research activity, including research projects, staff salaries, infrastructure, and researcher stipends.
Perceptions and Behavioral Responses of the General Public During the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bults Marloes , Beaujean Desirée J.M.A. , Richardus Jan Hendrik , Voeten Hélène A.C.M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe public plays an important role in controlling the spread of a virus by adopting preventive measures. This systematic literature review aimed to gain insight into public perceptions and behavioral responses to the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, with a focus on trends over time and regional differences. We screened 5498 articles and identified 70 eligible studies from PubMed, Embase, and PsychINFO. Public misconceptions were apparent regarding modes of transmission and preventive measures. Perceptions and behaviors evolved during the pandemic. In most countries, perceived vulnerability increased, but perceived severity, anxiety, self-efficacy, and vaccination intention decreased. Improved hygienic practices and social distancing were practiced most commonly. However, vaccination acceptance remained low. Marked regional differences were noted. To prevent misconceptions, it is important that health authorities provide up-to-date information about the virus and possible preventive measures during future outbreaks. Health authorities should continuously monitor public perceptions and misconceptions. Because public perceptions and behaviors varied between countries during the pandemic, risk communication should be tailored to the specific circumstances of each country. Finally, the use of health behavior theories in studies of public perceptions and behaviors during outbreaks would greatly facilitate the development of effective public health interventions that counter the effect of an outbreak. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness.2015;9:207-219)