bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Glycopeptides to Glycopeptoids
Authors: Szekely Thomas , Roy Olivier , Faure Sophie , Taillefumier Claude 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis review covers the published literature describing the synthesis of glycopeptoids, a family of glycopeptide mimics. Members of this family are composed of an N‐substituted glycine or β‐alanine oligomer backbone linked to one or several carbohydrate moieties at the amide nitrogen atoms. The interest in this class of biomimetics lies in their enhanced proteolytic stability and greater conformational flexibility relative to glycopeptides. This Microreview not only describes the different methods for synthesising glycopeptoids but also discusses their application both as glycopeptidomimetics and glycocluster constructs.
Multiple‐support response spectrum analysis using load‐dependent Ritz vectors
Authors: Wang Ziqi , Der Kiureghian Armen 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYLoad‐dependent Ritz (LDR) vectors are used in conjunction with the multiple‐support response spectrum (MSRS) combination rule for analysis of structures subjected to spatially varying earthquake ground motions. The LDR vector approach for MSRS analysis is motivated by the fact that LDR vectors in general are more accurate and computationally simpler than eigenvectors in mode superposition analysis, and because many researchers and engineers are using LDR vectors in linear structural dynamic analysis. Mode truncation rules for the original MSRS method are modified to apply to LDR vectors. Two methods for selecting LDR vectors for multicomponent MSRS analysis are introduced. Idealized models of two real bridges with differing structural characteristics are used to investigate the accuracy and efficiency of the two LDR‐MSRS methods in comparison with results obtained by the original MSRS method as well as an extended version that accounts for the static contribution of truncated modes. The results show that the LDR‐MSRS method is generally more accurate than the original MSRS method and at least as accurate as the extended MSRS method. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple near‐optimal path selection scheme for multi‐hop wireless relay networks based on Viterbi algorithm
Authors: You Qimin , Li Yonghui , Chen Zhuo , Rahman Md Shahriar 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn a multi‐hop wireless relay network, the optimal path selection scheme with exhaustive path search entails high‐implementation complexity and is impractical when the number of hops is large. In this paper, we propose a near‐optimal low‐complexity path selection scheme, based on amplify‐and‐forward protocol, whose outage performance is close to the optimal path selection scheme. The proposed scheme draws on the analogy between the node distribution of a commonly used relay network model and the trellis of a convolutional code and applies the Viterbi algorithm in selecting a path to minimise the end‐to‐end outage probability. To save memory and reduce the time delay in distributed implementation, the sliding window Viterbi algorithm is assumed. For reference purpose, an asymptotic lower bound of the outage probability is first derived for the optimal path selection scheme. Then an approximated outage probability expression of the proposed scheme is derived. These analytical expressions are verified by simulations to be accurate at high signal‐to‐noise ratios. It is revealed that when the window size is reasonably large, the proposed scheme achieves almost the same outage performance as the optimal path selection scheme at high signal‐to‐noise ratios. The proposed scheme has polynomial complexity and small memory storage requirement. Therefore, it is very efficient for large‐scale relay networks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is the regulatory regime for the registration of plant protection products in the EU potentially compromising food security?
Authors: Chapman Peter 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe increasingly stringent regulatory regime governing the registration of active substances and plant protection products in the European Union (EU) is deterring R&D companies from introducing products based on new active substances into the market. They are instead developing new products for initial market introduction in other parts of the world. Consequently EU farmers and growers are being denied products that are available elsewhere. The cost of maintaining existing active substances is also becoming prohibitive, leading to loss of products from the market with the consequential impact on growers’ ability to produce many crops. Minor uses are suffering in particular. This in turn is having an impact on food production and food security within the EU. The European Commission is urged to take advantage of the opportunity available in the current legislation to make proposals for improvements and amendments in order to redress the imbalance between the EU and other markets.
Course of late‐life depression in China is chronic and unremitting
Authors: Van Orden Kimberly A. , Chen Shulin , O'Riley Alisa , Conwell Yeates 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveThe world's largest aging population resides in China. Depressive disorders represent a public health problem among older adults in China; however, little is known about the course and natural outcomes with routine treatment in primary care.MethodsWe examined the one‐year naturalistic course of depressive symptoms in older adult Chinese primary care patients (Hangzhou, China).FindingsWe found slight improvement among most of the older adults who initially presented with mild or subsyndromal depressive symptoms, but marked increase in severity in one group of initially mildly depressed older adults; a lack of improvement among all older adults with severe initial presentations. Greater physical illness burden, lower functional capacity, and lower family support were associated with greater initial depressive symptom severity and lack of improvement over time.ConclusionThe naturalistic course of depressive illness in older adult primary care patients in urban China is typically chronic and unremitting for those with severe symptoms and slowly improving for those with milder symptoms. Because access to specialty mental health care is limited, treatments for late‐life depression need to be developed that can be effectively and feasibly implemented in Chinese primary care practices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations between cognitively stimulating leisure activities, cognitive function and age‐related cognitive decline
Authors: Ferreira Nicola , Owen Adrian , Mohan Anita , Corbett Anne , Ballard Clive 
Published: July 2014

ObjectivesEmerging literature suggests that lifestyle factors may play an important role in reducing age‐related cognitive decline. There have, however, been few studies investigating the role of cognitively stimulating leisure activities in maintaining cognitive health. This study sought to identify changes in cognitive performance with age and to investigate associations of cognitive performance with several key cognitively stimulating leisure activities.MethodOver 65,000 participants provided demographic and lifestyle information and completed tests of grammatical reasoning, spatial working memory, verbal working memory and episodic memory.ResultsRegression analyses suggested that frequency of engaging in Sudoku or similar puzzles was significantly positively associated with grammatical reasoning, spatial working memory and episodic memory scores. Furthermore, for participants aged under 65 years, frequency of playing non‐cognitive training computer games was also positively associated with performance in the same cognitive domains. The results also suggest that grammatical reasoning and episodic memory are particularly vulnerable to age‐related decline. Further investigation to determine the potential benefits of participating in Sudoku puzzles and non‐cognitive computer games is indicated, particularly as they are associated with grammatical reasoning and episodic memory, cognitive domains found to be strongly associated with age‐related cognitive decline.ConclusionsResults of this study have implications for developing improved guidance for the public regarding the potential value of cognitively stimulating leisure activities. The results also suggest that grammatical reasoning and episodic memory should be targeted in developing appropriate outcome measures to assess efficacy of future interventions, and in developing cognitive training programmes to prevent or delay cognitive decline. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patients with very‐late‐onset schizoprhenia‐like psychosis have higher mortality rates than elderly patients with earlier onset schizophrenia
Authors: Talaslahti Tiina , Alanen Hanna‐Mari , Hakko Helinä , Isohanni Matti , Häkkinen Unto , Leinonen Esa 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveIn this register‐based study of schizophrenia patients aged 65 years or above, mortality and causes of death diagnosed at age of 60+ (very‐late‐onset schizophrenia‐like psychosis, VLOSLP) were studied in comparison with sex‐ and age‐matched general Finnish population. Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMRs) of VLOSLP patients were also compared with those of earlier onset (below 60 years) schizophrenia patients, and hazard of death was calculated between these patient groups.MethodsThe data was obtained from Finnish nationwide registers and consisted of 918 VLOSLP patients and 6142 earlier onset patients who were at least 65 years on 1 January 1999. The register‐based follow‐up for mortality covered 10 years between 1999 and 2008.ResultsOverall SMR was 5.02 (4.61–5.46) in the group of VLOSLP patients and 2.93 (2.83–3.03) in the group of earlier onset patients. In men, SMRs were 8.31 (7.14–9.62; n = 179) and 2.91 (2.75–3.07, n = 1316) and in women 4.21 (3.78–4.66; n = 364) and 2.94 (2.82–3.07, n = 2055). In the VLOSLP group, SMRs were higher in most causes‐of‐death categories such as accidents, respiratory diseases, dementias, neoplasms and circulatory diseases. However, in direct comparison adjusted for several variables, the difference between these groups was minimal (Hazard Ratio, HR, 1.16 95%CI 1.05–1.27, p = 0.003).ConclusionPatients with VLOSLP, especially men, are at even higher risk of death than schizophrenia patients with earlier onset. Physical comorbidities and accidents in the VLOSLP group mostly explained this result. Targeted clinical interventions with effective collaboration between psychiatry and primary and specialist‐level somatic care are crucial to reduce their excess mortality. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced repertoire of brain dynamical states during the psychedelic experience
Authors: Tagliazucchi Enzo , Carhart‐Harris Robin , Leech Robert , Nutt David , Chialvo Dante R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe study of rapid changes in brain dynamics and functional connectivity (FC) is of increasing interest in neuroimaging. Brain states departing from normal waking consciousness are expected to be accompanied by alterations in the aforementioned dynamics. In particular, the psychedelic experience produced by psilocybin (a substance found in “magic mushrooms”) is characterized by unconstrained cognition and profound alterations in the perception of time, space and selfhood. Considering the spontaneous and subjective manifestation of these effects, we hypothesize that neural correlates of the psychedelic experience can be found in the dynamics and variability of spontaneous brain activity fluctuations and connectivity, measurable with functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). Fifteen healthy subjects were scanned before, during and after intravenous infusion of psilocybin and an inert placebo. Blood‐Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) temporal variability was assessed computing the variance and total spectral power, resulting in increased signal variability bilaterally in the hippocampi and anterior cingulate cortex. Changes in BOLD signal spectral behavior (including spectral scaling exponents) affected exclusively higher brain systems such as the default mode, executive control, and dorsal attention networks. A novel framework enabled us to track different connectivity states explored by the brain during rest. This approach revealed a wider repertoire of connectivity states post‐psilocybin than during control conditions. Together, the present results provide a comprehensive account of the effects of psilocybin on dynamical behavior in the human brain at a macroscopic level and may have implications for our understanding of the unconstrained, hyper‐associative quality of consciousness in the psychedelic state. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5442–5456, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Oxygen‐Containing Functional Side Chains on the Electronic Properties and Photovoltaic Performances in a Thiophene–Thiazolothiazole Copolymer System
Authors: Saito Masahiko , Osaka Itaru , Koganezawa Tomoyuki , Takimiya Kazuo 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTWe report the synthesis and characterization of new thiazolothiazole‐based semiconducting polymers with alkoxy and/or ester groups as the side chain. An introduction of the alkoxy groups raised the HOMO energy level of the polymers, whereas the introduction of the ester groups lowered the LUMO energy level. It is found that, interestingly, in the monomers the electronic effect of the ester group was more significant than that of the alkoxy groups, whereas in the polymers the effect of the alkoxy group was more significant. PTzBT‐oBOeHD with both the alkoxy and ester groups gave the most redshifted absorption spectrum compared to the polymers with the alkyl and alkoxy groups (PTzBT‐oBOHD) and with the alkyl and ester groups (PTzBT‐BOeHD). Solar cells using PTzBT‐oBOeHD gave the highest power conversion efficiencies of up to 4.5% with the highest short‐circuit current density (JSC) of 10.9 mA/cm2 among those with the newly synthesized polymers.
Orbital melanocytoma completely resected with conservative surgery in association with ipsilateral nevus of Ota: Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Tregnago Aline C. , Furlan Marcus V. , Bezerra Stephania M. , Porto Gislaine C. L. M. , Mendes Gustavo G. , Henklain João V. R. , Pinto Clóvis A. L. , Kowalski Luiz P. , de Carvalho Genival B. , Costa Felipe D. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundMelanocytomas are rare pigmented primary lesions of the central nervous system arising from melanocytes of leptomeninges. They occur most frequently in the posterior fossa, Meckel's cave, or along the cervical and thoracic spinal cord. Orbital melanocytomas have been rarely reported. Nevus of Ota is a melanocytic lesion that can be associated with cutaneous and meningeal melanocytic neoplasms.Methods and ResultsWe describe a case of an orbital melanocytoma associated with ipsilateral Nevus of Ota. A 28‐year‐old man presented with proptosis and an ipsilateral congenital facial melanocytic lesion (Nevus of Ota). After imaging evaluation, a retro‐orbital mass was discovered. A needle biopsy was performed and the diagnosis of melanocytoma rendered. The patient underwent complete surgical excision of the lesion.ConclusionIn order to make the correct diagnosis and to choose the appropriate therapy, it is important to be aware of this rare presentation and its association with Nevus of Ota. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: E49–E55, 2015
Cost‐effectiveness of selective neck dissection versus modified radical neck dissection for treating metastases in patients with oral cavity cancer: A modelling study
Authors: Govers Tim M. , Patel Sejal , Takes Robert P. , Merkx Thijs , Rovers Maroeska , Grutters Janneke 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundChoosing between a more or less extensive neck dissection implies a tradeoff between survival, quality of life, and costs. The purpose of this study was to determine if selective neck dissection (level I–III or I–IV) is cost‐effective compared with modified radical neck dissection (level I–V) in patients with cT1–2oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with singular nodal disease confined to level I or II.MethodsA decision‐analytic model was developed to model quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and costs over a lifetime horizon, based on literature.ResultsThe selective neck dissection strategy resulted in an expected health loss of 0.06 QALY and savings of €1351 per patient compared to modified radical neck dissection. The results were sensitive to differences in regional failure probabilities between the strategies.ConclusionWith the evidence used in this model, selective neck dissection was not cost‐effective compared to modified radical neck dissection. Prospective research on regional failure is needed to provide optimal treatment for patients with OSCC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Head Neck37:1762–1768, 2015
Enteral glutamine supplementation in surgical patients with head and neck malignancy: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Azman Mawaddah , Mohd Yunus Mohd Razif , Sulaiman Suhaina , Syed Omar Syed Nabil 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundGlutamine supplementation is a novel approach to perioperative nutritional management.MethodsThis study was a prospective randomized clinical trial of effects of enteral glutamine supplementation in surgical patients with head and neck malignancy in a tertiary center. This study measured the effects of supplementation within 4 weeks of the postoncologic surgical period in relation to fat‐free mass, serum albumin, and quality of life scores.ResultsThe study population consisted of 44 patients. There was significant difference in serum albumin (p < .001), fat‐free mass (p < .001), and quality of life scores (p < .05) between control and interventional groups. Significant correlation exists between fat‐free mass and quality of life score difference in our study population (p < .05).ConclusionEnteral glutamine supplementation significantly improves fat‐free mass, serum albumin, and quality of life scores postoperatively and maintenance of lean body mass correlated with improved postoperative outcomes in terms of the patient's quality of life. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1799–1807, 2015
Serum biomarkers for detection of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mydlarz Wojciech K. , Hennessey Patrick T. , Wang Hao , Carvalho Andre Lopez , Califano Joseph A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundDetection of hypermethylated circulating tumor DNA has the potential to be a minimally invasive, low cost, and reproducible method for cancer detection.MethodsWe evaluated serum from 100 patients with known head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and 50 healthy control patients for 3 previously described methylation targets, endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB), cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A or p16), and deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC), using quantitative methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (qMSPCR).ResultsEDNRB hypermethylation was identified in the serum of 10% of the patients with HNSCC but in none of the control patients. DCC hypermethylation was detected in 2 serum samples from patients with cancer that also amplified EDNRB and one of these samples also had p16 hypermethylation. EDNRB hypermethylation was statistically significant by Fisher's exact test (p = .03) when comparing HNSCC to controls.ConclusionsSerum EDNRB hypermethylation is a highly specific but not sensitive serum biomarker for HNSCC. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 9–14, 2016
Advances in interpretation of subsurface processes with time‐lapse electrical imaging
Authors: Singha K. , Day‐Lewis F. D. , Johnson T. , Slater L. D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractElectrical geophysical methods, including electrical resistivity, time‐domain induced polarization, and complex resistivity, have become commonly used to image the near subsurface. Here, we outline their utility for time‐lapse imaging of hydrological, geochemical, and biogeochemical processes, focusing on new instrumentation, processing, and analysis techniques specific to monitoring. We review data collection procedures, parameters measured, and petrophysical relationships and then outline the state of the science with respect to inversion methodologies, including coupled inversion. We conclude by highlighting recent research focused on innovative applications of time‐lapse imaging in hydrology, biology, ecology, and geochemistry, among other areas of interest. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of abdominal aortic elasticity by strain rate imaging in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Su Yanxin , Liu Wei , Wang Dawei , Tian Jiawei 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeTo use strain rate imaging (SRI) to compare the abdominal aortic wall elasticity between patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and controls.MethodsWe measured the abdominal aorta intima‐media thickness (IMT) with B‐mode echography, and the anterior and posterior wall displacement (d), strain, and strain rate (SR) with SRI, in 90 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 30 control subjects (group A). The patients were classified into group B (normal IMT), group C (thickened IMT), and group D (one single atheroma plaque).Resultsd, strain, and SR were significantly lower in group B, C, and D than in group A (p < .05). Systolic, early‐diastolic, and late‐diastolic SR were lower in patients with diabetes (especially in group D) than in controls. There were significant differences in systolic SR, early‐diastolic SR, and late‐diastolic SR between group A and group B (p < .05).ConclusionsSRI is a noninvasive method that can demonstrate a loss in aorta wall elasticity in patients with diabetes with normal IMT. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:475–480, 2014
Compression‐refractory breast hematoma secondary to pseudoaneurysm after stereotactically guided vacuum‐assisted biopsy: The critical role of urgent surgical evacuation
Authors: Sun Simon , Hennessey Hooman , Kam Nakch Idris , Alsharif Shaza , Meterissian Sarkis , Mesurolle Benoît 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTWe report the case of a patient who underwent a vacuum‐assisted biopsy of amorphous clustered microcalcifications complicated by a large compression‐refractory hematoma secondary to pseudoaneurysm formation. Breast sonography was used to identify an actively bleeding vessel and guide compression. However, due to its unresponsiveness to conventional management and rapid progression, the hematoma required surgical evacuation and ligation of the bleeding vessel. This suggests that, in the face of significant intractable bleeding, a heightened awareness of the possible need for surgical intervention should be maintained. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:492–494, 2014