bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CPT1A‐IL‐10‐mediated macrophage metabolic and phenotypic alterations ameliorate acute lung injury
Authors: Wang Muyun , Wu Di , Liao Ximing , Hu Haiyang , Gao Jing , Meng Linlin , Wang Feilong , Xu Wujian , Gao Shaoyong , Hua Jing , Wang Yuanyuan , Li Qiang , Wang Kun , Gao Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundAcute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a common acute respiratory failure due to diffuse pulmonary inflammation and oedema. Elaborate regulation of macrophage activation is essential for managing this inflammatory process and maintaining tissue homeostasis. In the past decades, metabolic reprogramming of macrophages has emerged as a predominant role in modulating their biology and function. Here, we observed reduced expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), a key rate‐limiting enzyme of fatty acid oxidation (FAO), in macrophages of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced ALI mouse model. We assume that CPT1A and its regulated FAO is involved in the regulation of macrophage polarization, which could be positive regulated by interleukin‐10 (IL‐10).MethodsAfter nasal inhalation rIL‐10 and/or LPS, wild type (WT), IL‐10‐/‐, Cre‐CPT1Afl/fl and Cre+CPT1Afl/fl mice were sacrificed to harvest bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, blood serum and lungs to examine cell infiltration, cytokine production, lung injury severity and IHC. Bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs) were extracted from mice and stimulated by exogenous rIL‐10 and/or LPS. The qRT‐PCR, Seahorse XFe96 and FAO metabolite related kits were used to test the glycolysis and FAO level in BMDMs. Immunoblotting assay, confocal microscopy and fluorescence microplate were used to test macrophage polarization as well as mitochondrial structure and function damage.ResultsIn in vivo experiments, we found that mice lacking CPT1A or IL‐10 produced an aggravate inflammatory response to LPS stimulation. However, the addition of rIL‐10 could alleviate the pulmonary inflammation in mice effectively. IHC results showed that IL‐10 expression in lung macrophage decreased dramatically in Cre+CPT1Afl/fl mice. The in vitro experiments showed Cre+CPT1Afl/fl and IL‐10‐/‐ BMDMs became more “glycolytic”, but less “FAO” when subjected to external attacks. However, the supplementation of rIL‐10 into macrophages showed reverse effect. CPT1A and IL‐10 can drive the polarization of BMDM from M1 phenotype to M2 phenotype, and CPT1A‐IL‐10 axis is also involved in the process of maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.ConclusionsCPT1A modulated metabolic reprogramming and polarisation of macrophage under LPS stimulation. The protective effects of CPT1A may be partly attributed to the induction of IL‐10/IL‐10 receptor expression.
Artificial intelligence in fusion protein three‐dimensional structure prediction: Review and perspective
Authors: Kumar Himansu , Kim Pora 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have accelerated the prediction of unknown protein structures. However, accurately predicting the three‐dimensional (3D) structures of fusion proteins remains a difficult task because the current AI‐based protein structure predictions are focused on the WT proteins rather than on the newly fused proteins in nature. Following the central dogma of biology, fusion proteins are translated from fusion transcripts, which are made by transcribing the fusion genes between two different loci through the chromosomal rearrangements in cancer. Accurately predicting the 3D structures of fusion proteins is important for understanding the functional roles and mechanisms of action of new chimeric proteins. However, predicting their 3D structure using a template‐based model is challenging because known template structures are often unavailable in databases. Deep learning (DL) models that utilize multi‐level protein information have revolutionized the prediction of protein 3D structures. In this review paper, we highlighted the latest advancements and ongoing challenges in predicting the 3D structure of fusion proteins using DL models. We aim to explore both the advantages and challenges of employing AlphaFold2, RoseTTAFold, tr‐Rosetta and D‐I‐TASSER for modelling the 3D structures.Highlights
This review provides the overall pipeline and landscape of the prediction of the 3D structure of fusion protein.
This review provides the factors that should be considered in predicting the 3D structures of fusion proteins using AI approaches in each step.
This review highlights the latest advancements and ongoing challenges in predicting the 3D structure of fusion proteins using deep learning models.
This review explores the advantages and challenges of employing AlphaFold2, RoseTTAFold, tr-Rosetta, and D-I-TASSER to model 3D structures.
Compact planar 28/60‐GHz wideband MIMO antenna for 5G‐enabled IoT devices
Authors: Farooq Umar , Lokam Anjaneyulu , Mallavarapu Sandhya 
Published: August 2024

SummaryThis work presents a compact two‐element multi‐input‐multi‐output (MIMO) antenna for 5G‐enabled IoT devices. The antenna operates over a wide frequency range of 24.6 to 31.4 GHz (28‐GHz band) and 57.6 to 60.2 GHz (60‐GHz band). Each MIMO element consists of an inverted L‐shaped slotted radiator with a partial ground plane. The antenna offers a peak gain of 5.45 and 5.56 dBi across two operating bands. The minimum isolation between the two ports is −26.5 dB, reaching a maximum value of over −45 dB. The investigation of MIMO metrics like “envelope correlation coefficient (ECC),” “diversity gain (DG),” “mean effective gain (MEG),” “channel capacity loss (CCL),” and “total active reflection coefficient (TARC)” also show favorable characteristics. The antenna is fabricated on a 10 × 22 × 0.503 mm3 Rogers 5880 substrate. The experimental results are in close agreement with that of the simulation results. The distinguishing features of the proposed antenna such as its compact design, simple geometrical configuration, wide operating bandwidth, low ECC, and high isolation make it a strong candidate for 5G‐enabled IoT devices.
Dynamics of a goshawk population across half a century is driven by the variation of first‐year survival
Authors: Schaub Michael , Looft Volkher , Plard Floriane , von Rönn Jan A. C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPopulation dynamics are driven by stochastic and density‐dependent processes acting on demographic rates. Individuals differ demographically, and to capture these differences, models of population dynamics are usually structured by age and stage, rarely by sex. An effect of sex on population dynamics is expected if the dynamics of males and females differ, requiring an unequal sex ratio at birth and/or sex‐specific survival probabilities. Goshawks (Accipiter gentilis) show large sexual size dimorphism and differential survival, but it is unknown whether males and females contribute differently to population dynamics. We studied a goshawk population in northern Germany over 47 years using brood monitoring data, collected feathers and nestling ringing data. We jointly analyzed the data using a two‐sex integrated population model and performed retrospective and prospective population analyses to understand whether the demographic drivers of population change differ between the sexes. The population showed large fluctuations, during which the number of breeding pairs doubled, but the long‐term trend of the population was slightly negative. Female survival exceeded male survival during the first year of life. Females started to reproduce at a younger age than males, productivity increased with female age, the sex ratio of nestlings was male biased and there was moderate male immigration. Despite these differences, temporal variation in sex ratio did not contribute to population dynamics and the contribution of temporal variation in survival was similar for both sexes. Variation in first‐year survival was the strongest driver in this population, regulated by a weak density‐dependent feedback acting through female first‐year survival. Overall, the contributions of the two sexes to population dynamics were similar in this monogamous species with strong sexual size dimorphism.
Climate change and C4 and C3 grasses in a midlatitude dryland steppe
Authors: Anderson Robert C. , Martyn Trace E. , Renne Rachel R. , Burke Ingrid C. , Lauenroth William K. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractClimate change is projected to alter the structure of plant communities due to increasing temperatures and changes to precipitation patterns, particularly in midlatitude dryland ecosystems. Modifications to climatic suitability may lead to major community changes such as altered dominant plant functional types. Previous studies have indicated that climatic suitability is likely to increase for C4 grasses and decrease for C3 grasses in the Western United States. However, if no C4 grass species currently exist to serve as a propagule source, expansion into areas of increased suitability will be limited. We conducted a field and modeling study in the Upper Green River Basin (UGRB) of Western Wyoming to determine if (1) C4 grasses are present to provide a propagule source and (2) C4 grasses are likely to increase in importance relative to C3 grasses due to climatic changes. We searched 44 sites for C4 grasses to establish presence, and modeled suitability at 35 sites using 17 Global Climate Models, two greenhouse gas Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs; 4.5 and 8.5), and two time periods (mid‐ and late century; 2030–2060 and 2070–2099, respectively). We found C4 grasses at 10 of the 44 sites, indicating that there is a present propagule source. Our model projected increases in suitability for both C3 and C4 grasses across sites for all RCPs and time periods. In the mid‐century RCP 4.5 scenario, the C3 functional type increased in projected biomass in 29 of 35 sites, and the C4 type increased in 31 sites. In this scenario, C3 grasses increased in projected biomass by a median 4 g m−2 (5% change), and C4 grass biomass increased by a median 8 g m−2 (21% change). Our study suggests that climate change will increase climatic suitability for grasses across the UGRB, and that all requirements are in place for C4 grasses to increase in abundance.
Unlocking rivers' hidden diversity and ecological status using DNA metabarcoding in Northwest Spain
Authors: Fueyo Álvaro , Sánchez Omar , Carleos Carlos , Escudero Amando , Cordón Javier , Granero‐Castro Javier , Borrell Yaisel Juan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRivers are crucial ecosystems supporting biodiversity and human well‐being, yet they face increasing degradation globally. Traditional river biomonitoring methods based on morphological identification of macroinvertebrates present challenges in terms of taxonomic resolution and scalability. This study explores the application of DNA metabarcoding analysis in both bulk and environmental DNA (eDNA) samples for comprehensive assessment of macrozoobenthic biodiversity, detection of invasive and endangered species, and evaluation of river ecological status in northwestern Spain. DNA metabarcoding of homogenized bulk samples and water eDNA revealed a mean of 100 and 87 macrozoobenthos species per sample respectively. However, the specific composition was significantly different with only 27.3% of the total species being shared. It was not possible to identify all the OTUs to species level; only 17.43% and 49.4% of the OTUs generated could be identified to species level in the bulk and eDNA samples, respectively. Additionally, a total of 11 exotic species (two first records for the Iberian Peninsula and another three first records for Asturias region) and one endangered species were detected by molecular tools. Molecular methods showed significant correlations with morphological identification for EQR values (Ecological Quality Ratio) of IBMWP index, yet differences in inferred river ecological status were noted, with bulk samples tending to indicate higher status. Overall, DNA metabarcoding offers a promising approach for river biomonitoring, providing insights into biodiversity, invasive species, and ecological status within a single analysis. Further optimization and intercalibration are required for its implementation in routine biomonitoring programmes, but its scalability and multi‐tasking capabilities position it as a valuable tool for integrated monitoring of river ecosystems.
Wearable defibrillator to improve accuracy in selecting candidates to implantable defibrillator: A real‐world experience
Authors: Dell'Era Gabriele , Caimmi Philippe , Spinoni Enrico Guido , Battistini Eleonora , Porcellini Stefano , De Vecchi Federica , Santagostino Matteo , Ghiglieno Chiara , Degiovanni Anna , Leigheb Fabrizio , Kozel Daniela , Capponi Andrea , Patti Giuseppe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsThe indication for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) for sudden cardiac death (SCD) prevention relies mostly on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35%. The use of a wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) in the case of dynamic alterations of LVEF may help avoid an improper early ICD implant when a favourable evolution in the post‐acute phase is observed and may help reduce costs.MethodsThis parallel cohort retrospective study included patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) at high risk of arrhythmias recruited in the acute phase and divided into an early ICD cohort and a WCD cohort for primary prevention during the waiting period established by European Society of Cardiology guidelines.ResultsA total of 41 consecutive patients were enrolled: 26 in the WCD group and 15 in the early ICD group. Age, LVEF at baseline, causes of HFrEF and drug therapy in the two cohorts were similar. During the waiting period after the inclusion, three patients (11.5%) in the WCD cohort and four (26.7%) in the early ICD cohort developed relevant ventricular arrhythmias (P = 0.22); none of them had subsequent LVEF recovery. At the end of the waiting period, 13 patients (50%) in the WCD group and 7 (46.7%) in the early ICD group experienced LVEF recovery (P = 0.84). The average cost per patient at the end of the waiting period was €23 934 in the early ICD cohort versus €19 167 in the WCD cohort (−19.9%). This cost savings from WCD use appears even higher when projected over a 10 year period (−41.2%).ConclusionsWCD may represent a cost‐effective strategy to more accurately select candidates for the primary prevention ICD implant among high‐risk patients with HFrEF. ICD use provides effective protection from SCD and reduces costs compared with an extensive early ICD implant.
Interactive effects of elevation difference, slope variation, and terrain formation on road traffic crashes occurrences using triangular irregular network
Authors: Jima Debela , Sipos Tibor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNumerous factors contribute to traffic crashes, which result in fatalities and injuries. Road traffic crashes and their severity level are likely caused by variations in elevation, slope, and terrain formation. As far as our knowledge is concerned, the triangular irregular network (TIN) was not used to analyze dangerous zones of the road network with respect to traffic crashes' location. The main purpose of this study was to investigate a dangerous road network that was affected by traffic crashes using TIN. To address the goal, this study used elevation differences slope variation, and terrain between road traffic crash locations. The study used the intersection zone road network coordinates of traffic crashes in the city of Budapest that were recorded from 2017 to 2021. Using tools like ArcGIS and MS Excel, the study organized, modeled, and analyzed the data. Geometrical interval classification was used to classify the data in accordance with the characteristics of elevation deference and slope variation. Both inferential and descriptive statistics were engaged to explain, analyze, and summarize the findings. The results of this study demonstrated that the majority of traffic crashes occurred in locations with lower elevations and their differences, steeper/cliff slopes between points, and flat terrain. The finding was in contrast to what was observed in other studies. This study advocates that TIN is the optimal method and substitute for analyzing the risky zone of the road network at macroscopic level.
An improved Harris hawks optimizer with enhanced logarithmic spiral and dynamic factor and its application for predicting molten iron temperature in the blast furnace
Authors: Liu Zhendong , Fang Yiming , Liu Le , Ma Shuidong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn response to the problem of poor search performance and difficulty in escaping from the local optimum in the Harris hawks optimizer, an improved Harris hawks optimizer with enhanced logarithmic spiral and dynamic factor (IHHO‐ELSDF) is proposed in this paper. The enhanced logarithmic spiral mechanism is adopted in the exploration phase, and its main feature is the use of an improved opposite‐learning hybrid logarithmic spiral mechanism to search for more promising regions. The dynamic factor is used to replace the escaping energy to improve the global search capability of the algorithm, and it can better balance exploration and exploitation. In addition, a random distribution strategy is proposed for the exploitation phase to avoid falling into the local optimum. Based on 23 classical test functions, the influence of the distribution probability, the three improved mechanisms, and the exploration–exploitation ratio in IHHO‐ELSDF are analyzed. Subsequently, IHHO‐ELSDF is subjected to a comparative analysis with 17 algorithms on the IEEE CEC2022 benchmark suite. These tests show that IHHO‐ELSDF outperforms most competitors in numerical optimization. Furthermore, to assess its applicability in real‐world problems, IHHO‐ELSDF is employed to optimize parameters in the wavelet neural network used for molten iron temperature prediction. The simulation results based on real production data show that the proposed prediction model achieves a high prediction precision with , , and .
A Quantitative Adverse Outcome Pathway for Embryonic Activation of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor of Fishes by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Leading to Decreased Fecundity at Adulthood
Authors: Doering Jon A. , Dubiel Justin , Stock Eric , Collins Cameron H. , Frick Ian , Johnson Hunter M. , Lowrey-Dufour Christopher M. , Miller Justin G. P. , Xia Zhe , Tomy Gregg T. , Wiseman Steve 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Quantitative adverse outcome pathways (qAOPs) describe the response–response relationships that link the magnitude and/or duration of chemical interaction with a specific molecular target to the probability and/or severity of the resulting apical-level toxicity of regulatory relevance. The present study developed the first qAOP for latent toxicities showing that early life exposure adversely affects health at adulthood. Specifically, a qAOP for embryonic activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (AHR2) of fishes by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) leading to decreased fecundity of females at adulthood was developed by building on existing qAOPs for (1) activation of the AHR leading to early life mortality in birds and fishes, and (2) inhibition of cytochrome P450 aromatase activity leading to decreased fecundity in fishes. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model species and benzo[a]pyrene as a model PAH, three linked quantitative relationships were developed: (1) plasma estrogen in adult females as a function of embryonic exposure, (2) plasma vitellogenin in adult females as a function of plasma estrogen, and (3) fecundity of adult females as a function of plasma vitellogenin. A fourth quantitative relationship was developed for early life mortality as a function of sensitivity to activation of the AHR2 in a standardized in vitro AHR transactivation assay to integrate toxic equivalence calculations that would allow prediction of effects of exposure to untested PAHs. The accuracy of the predictions from the resulting qAOP were evaluated using experimental data from zebrafish exposed as embryos to another PAH, benzo[k]fluoranthene. The qAOP developed in the present study demonstrates the potential of the AOP framework in enabling consideration of latent toxicities in quantitative ecological risk assessments and regulatory decision-making. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2145–2156. © 2024 SETAC
Nogo‐A‐mediated constraints on activity‐dependent synaptic plasticity and associativity in rat hippocampal CA2 synapses
Authors: Pavon Maria Vazquez , Navakkode Sheeja , Sajikumar Sreedharan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHippocampal area CA2 has garnered attention in recent times owing to its significant involvement in social memory and distinctive plasticity characteristics. Research has revealed that the CA2 region demonstrates a remarkable resistance to plasticity, particularly in the Schaffer Collateral (SC)‐CA2 pathway. In this study we investigated the role of Nogo‐A, a well‐known axon growth inhibitor and more recently discovered plasticity regulator, in modulating plasticity within the CA2 region. The findings demonstrate that blocking Nogo‐A in male rat hippocampal slices facilitates the establishment of both short‐term and long‐term plasticity in the SC‐CA2 pathway, while having no impact on the Entorhinal Cortical (EC)‐CA2 pathway. Additionally, the study reveals that inhibiting Nogo‐A enables association between the SC and EC pathways. Mechanistically, we confirm that Nogo‐A operates through its well‐known co‐receptor, p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), and its downstream signaling factor such as Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK), as their inhibition also allows plasticity induction in the SC‐CA2 pathway. Additionally, the induction of long‐term depression (LTD) in both the EC and SC‐CA2 pathways led to persistent LTD, which was not affected by Nogo‐A inhibition. Our study demonstrates the involvement of Nogo‐A mediated signaling mechanisms in limiting synaptic plasticity within the CA2 region.
Susceptibility weighted imaging for detection of thrombus in acute ischemic stroke: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Phuyal Subash , Paudel Sushanta , Chhetri Suchit Thapa , Phuyal Prakash , Shrestha Sadina , Maharjan Anzil Man Singh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsSusceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI) can help in the diagnosis of thrombus within the vessel in acute ischemic stroke, known as susceptibility vessel sign (SVS), and detection of SVS within the vessel can predict treatment modality and outcome. In this study, the purpose is to correlate the SVS on SWI with different parameters of stroke.MethodsThis prospective cross‐sectional study enrolled consecutive stroke patients with vessel occlusion on magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) over 1 year. The relationship between SVS on SWI with risk factors, territory involved, and length of thrombus was correlated with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS).ResultsA total of 105 patients were enrolled in this study. Sixty‐two percent (66 out of 105) of patients showed SVS on SWI with MRA‐positive occlusion. A positive correlation was observed between SVS on SWI and the risk factor (p = 0.003, chi‐square test), with 86% of patients with heart disease and 47% with hypertension exhibiting SVS. Additionally, a positive correlation was observed between SVS on SWI and territorial occlusion (p = 0.000, chi‐square test). A moderate positive correlation was observed between the NIHSS and thrombus length (p = 0.002, Pearson's correlation coefficient), with a Pearson's coefficient of 0.367.ConclusionsSWI can be useful in identifying the location of the thrombus, and NIHSS can determine the thrombus length in acute stroke. A higher incidence of SVS can be associated with risk factors, and it also depends upon the site of occlusion of the vessel.