bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding confounding factors allows for accurate interpretation of liver stiffness measurements by ElastQ, a novel 2D shear wave elastography technique
Authors: Bauer David JM , De Silvestri Annalisa , Maiocchi Laura , Raimondi Ambra , Mare Ruxandra , Mandorfer Mattias , Sporea Ioan , Müllner-Bucsics Theresa , Ferraioli Giovanna , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose Liver stiffness measurement (LSM) using vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) or two-dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) is recommended to assess the risk of liver fibrosis and advanced chronic liver disease. Even though both techniques measure liver stiffness, their numerical results often diverge. Confounders and reliability criteria for 2D-SWE have not been systematically investigated.
Materials and Methods We prospectively recruited participants with paired LSM by VCTE and the novel 2D-SWE technique ElastQ (Philips) in three European tertiary centers. The following parameters were recorded: sex, age, body mass index (BMI), etiology, laboratory markers of liver damage and function, as well as cholestasis, LSM by VCTE and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP), interquartile range (IQR)/median for VCTE-LSM and ElastQ-LSM, and the skin-to-liver capsule distance.
Results We included 840 participants: 447 (53.2%) males; median age 57.0 [IQR:19.0] years; median BMI 25.4 [6.0] kg/m2; median VCTE-LSM 7.25 [9.2] kPa; median ElastQ-LSM 6.7 [5.4] kPa. On uni- and multivariable modeling (adjusted for LSM), we found that the discrepancy increased with liver stiffness and markers of disease severity. Skin-to-liver capsule distance and BMI affected VCTE-LSM more compared to ElastQ-LSM and significantly increased the discordance between the two measurements.
Conclusion The discrepancy of ElastQ-LSM to VCTE-LSM increases with liver stiffness and disease severity. BMI and skin-to-liver capsule distance increase the discrepancy between VCTE- and ElastQ-LSM but affect ElastQ-LSM less. The quality criterion IQR/median ≤ 30% indicates reliable ElastQ-LSM.
Embryonic, Fetal, and Neonatal Complications in Infants of Diabetic Mothers: Insights from the Cincinnati Diabetes in Pregnancy Program Project Grant
Authors: Mimouni Francis B. , Khoury Jane C. , Ehrlich Shelley , Rosenn Barak M. , Sheffer-Mimouni Galit , Miodovnik Menachem 
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to review how the Cincinnati Diabetes in Pregnancy Program Project Grant (PPG) contributed to the understanding and treatment of neonatal complications in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs). This is a retrospective review of all PPG work on glycemic control at different pregnancy time points and its association with embryonic, fetal, and neonatal complications, such as congenital malformations (CMs), intrauterine growth restriction, macrosomia, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), asphyxia, and polycythemia. We found that maternal vasculopathy and poor glycemic control during embryogenesis, but not frequency of maternal hypoglycemic episodes or insulin therapy, are independent risk factors for major CMs. A suggestive association of major CMs with maternal Magnesium deficiency was also observed. Poor glycemic control during late embryogenesis and early fetal development was associated with an increased risk of minor CMs. We described a biphasic pattern of fetal growth whereby early growth delay was followed by enhanced fetal growth associated with neonatal macrosomia. Macrosomia was associated with poorer glycemic control in the third trimester and an increased risk of birth trauma. Macrosomia was also correlated with animal-origin insulin concentrations in cord blood, demonstrating that insulin bound to antibodies can cross the placenta and may affect the fetus. We also showed that neonatal hypoglycemia was significantly associated with third-trimester glycemic control, in addition to hyperglycemia occurring during labor. With modern management and adequate prenatal care, IDMs are no longer at increased risk for RDS. Perinatal asphyxia was associated with increased proteinuria appearing in pregnancy, maternal hyperglycemia before delivery, and prematurity. Polycythemia in IDMs is prevalent and correlates with proxy measurements of fetal hypoxemia (nucleated red blood cells at delivery) and poorer glycemic control in late pregnancy. The PPG in its various phases revealed the important role of glycemic control at nearly every stage of pregnancy including labor.
Key Points
The Emerging Role of Transnasal Humidified Rapid-Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) Technique and C-MAC Videolaryngoscope for Difficult Airway Management in a Patient with Klippel–Feil Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Kashyap Anjana , Vidyadhara Alia , Srinivasa Vidyadhara , Kanhangad Madhava P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractKlippel–Feil syndrome (KFS) is a rare autosomal dominant congenital anomaly characterized by failure in fusion of the cervical vertebrae. There have been no case reports describing the use of a combination of transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) and C-MAC videolaryngoscope in the airway management of an adult patient with KFS. Our patient was a 50-year-old male diagnosed with KFS posted for revision robotic-assisted cervical C2-C4 laminectomy and fusion. He was successfully intubated with the help of THRIVE and C-MAC videolaryngoscope. During induction and intubation, saturation remained above 96%. At the end of surgery, patient was extubated after satisfying all difficult airway extubation criteria. THRIVE and C-MAC videolaryngoscope have been promoted for use in anticipated difficult airway scenarios. We report the first successful usage of THRIVE and C-MAC videolaryngoscope to secure the airway in a patient with KFS.
Intense Noxious Stimulus during an Adequate Depth of General Anesthesia Produces a Transient Burst Suppression Pattern in a Density Spectral Array
Authors: Mariappan Ramamani , Magar James T. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThere has been renewed interest in utilizing electroencephalogram (EEG)/processed EEG to assess the response to noxious stimuli under general anesthesia (GA). We are submitting multiple observations that explore the intriguing phenomenon of the transient burst suppression pattern (BSP) in the density spectral array (DSA) of the SedLine Masimo during intense noxious stimulation under GA. Three patients underwent spine surgery under sevoflurane/total intravenous anesthesia with adequate depth. Sudden transient BSP was noted on the DSA during an intense noxious stimulus. Traditionally, BSP on the processed EEG/DSA under GA in a hemodynamically stable patient indicates excessive hypnosis. It is usually treated by reducing the dose of a hypnotic agent. Decreasing the depth of anesthesia (DOA) in the presence of intense pain can have adverse consequences, especially in high-risk patients. Awareness of processed EEG/DSA changes associated with intense noxious stimuli, helps the anesthesiologist to titrate analgesia without altering DOA.
Stroke awareness in a Brazilian Northeastern capital city and the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Rocha Letícia Januzi de Almeida , Melo Monica Thalia de Brito , Piva Renata Girardi , Rafani Samira Mercaldi , Pontes-Neto Octavio Marques , Rocha Eva , Baggio Jussara Almeida de Oliveira 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background The delay in recognizing stroke symptoms is a significant obstacle to receiving acute treatment. Therefore, it is essential to understand the gaps in the knowledge about stroke among the general population and promote campaigns based on these gaps.
Objective To investigate the general knowledge about stroke in a capital in Northeastern Brazil in a sample of individuals who attended a public hospital and the impacts of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the use of emergency services.
Methods We included patients older than 18 years of age and their family members and/or companions. After obtaining consent, the researcher presented a typical case of stroke, and the participants filled out a questionnaire divided into 2 sections: sociodemographic data and 15 questions about stroke detection and seeking health services and treatment.
Results We included 154 individuals with a mean age of 44.45 ± 16.21 years. After presenting the case, 60.4% mentioned the acronym AVC (acidente vascular cerebral, or cerebrovascular accident [stroke], in Portuguese) as a possible explanation, and 54.5% reported that they would call the Mobile Emergency Care Service. However, 62.9% provided the incorrect telephone number for the Mobile Emergency Care Service or lacked knowledge of the accurate number. Regarding the risk factors for stroke, 27.9% did not know any of them, 65.5% were unaware of any treatment, and no reference was made to thrombolytic therapy. About their chosen conduct in the same case in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, 98.1% of the participants would not change their behavior.
Conclusion These results can assist in the planning of public policies and campaigns emphasizing the issue of risk factors and how to access emergency medical services in the state of Alagoas, Brazil.
The Great Communicator: Audrey Holland's Legacy and Lessons
Authors: Fromm Davida , MacWhinney Brian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAudrey Holland's core beliefs of respect for people and the quality of their lives informed her life's work. This examination of the ways she managed the academic, research, and clinical parts of her illustrious career shows how Audrey leaves a rich legacy and serves as a model for navigating an impactful career path and enhancing clinical interactions. First, she mentored more than 30 doctoral students who then mentored further generations of students, ran clinics, or shaped policy. She also regularly taught classes, supervised student clinicians, and traveled the world doing lectures and workshops. Second, her scholarship spanned more than 50 years and a range of subjects, such as assessment and treatment, self-determination and self-advocacy, pragmatics, counseling, coaching, and communication strategies. Third, her collaborations with many colleagues within the field and in related fields extended her impact even further. Finally, a close analysis of her clinical communication style shows how Audrey's simple, nonverbal behaviors (e.g., eye contact, body position) brought out the best in the people with whom she worked. On all these levels—mentorship, scholarship, collaboration, and communication style—Audrey's legacy leaves a vast array of powerful lessons that can be studied, emulated, and appreciated for years to come.
Analysis of Techniques in Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repairs across Pediatric Age Groups: EUPSA Trainees of European Pediatric Surgery Survey
Authors: Ulman Hilmican , Aubert Ophelia , Wiernik Agnieszka , Moreno-Alfonso Julio César , Gazzaneo Marta , Sterlin Alexander , Saxena Amulya K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aim This survey analyzed techniques in laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (LIHR) across pediatric age groups.
Materials and Methods Data were collected through an online survey for pediatric surgeons, comprising of 38 questions, conducted by the European Pediatric Surgeons' Association (EUPSA) Trainees of European Pediatric Surgery (TEPS) LIHR Working Group.
Results The survey was completed by 183 surgeons from 22 countries. Seventy-seven percent of respondents had performed LIHR at least once. Regarding preferences about the patient's gender, 7% respondents perform LIHR only in selected females, 9% routinely in females, 15% in both genders with age/weight restrictions, 24% routinely in both genders, 31% in selected cases, and 14% never perform LIHR. Percutaneous internal ring suturing (PIRS) was the preferred technique in all age groups, with totally extraperitoneal and transabdominal preperitoneal repairs preferred by 9% in adolescents. The majority (59%) repaired a contralateral patent processus vaginalis if present. Hydro-dissection (21%) and additional intra-abdominal instruments (42%) were preferred more often for male patients. The distal hernia sac was left intact by most respondents (92%). Responses regarding recurrence rates varied: 40% responded that LIHR had recurrence rates comparable to open surgery, whereas 10% reported increased recurrences and hence limited its use, and 10% consider that slightly increased recurrences are outweighed by lower complication rates associated with laparoscopic methods and thus continue LIHR.
Conclusions PIRS is the preferred choice for pediatric LIHR. Surgical techniques vary and are influenced by patient gender and age. The survey gives insights into demographics, case selection, and approaches among pediatric surgeons with regard to LIHR.
First measurements of energetic protons in Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak Upgrade (MAST-U)
Authors: Aboutaleb A. , Allan S. Y. , Boeglin W. U. , Cecconello M. , Jackson A. , McClements K. G. , Parr E. ,   MAST-U Team
Published: August 2024

First proton production rates from the d(d,p)t reaction in the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak Upgrade (MAST-U) are measured. The data were taken during the MAST-U experimental campaign with an upgraded version of the proton detector (PD) previously used in MAST. The new detector array consists of three collimated silicon surface barrier detectors with a depletion depth of 300 μm and a collimated 120 μm thick diamond detector, mounted on the MAST-U reciprocating probe arm. This array measures the energies of unconfined energetic 3 MeV protons and 1 MeV tritons mainly produced by beam-thermal DD reactions during neutral beam injection heating. Diamond detectors have the potential to be uniquely suited to detect charged fusion products as they promise to be much more radiation resistant and much less sensitive to temperature variations compared to silicon-based detectors. Using silicon and diamond-based detectors simultaneously allowed us to directly compare the performance of these two detector types. PD particle rates measured during different plasma scenarios are presented and compared to neutron rates measured using the neutron camera upgrade and TRANSP predictions.
A molecular ground electronic state with an occupied 5g spinor—The superheavy (E125)F molecule
Authors: Peterson Kirk A. , Malli Gulzari L. 
Published: August 2024

Fully relativistic calculations, primarily at the 4-component coupled-cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] level of theory with the Dirac–Coulomb (DC) Hamiltonian, have been carried out for the superheavy (E125)F molecule using large Gaussian basis sets. The electronic ground state is determined to have an [Og]8s25g16f3 configuration on E125 with an Ω = 6 ground state and an 8p electron largely donated to F. A Mulliken population analysis indicates that the ground state is mainly ionic with a partial charge of +0.79 on E125 and a single sigma bond involving the F 2p and E125 8p spinors. The occupied g spinor is not involved in the bonding. With the largest basis set used in this work, the (0 K) dissociation energy was calculated at the DC-CCSD(T) level of theory to be 7.02 eV. Analogous calculations were also carried out for the E125 atom, both the neutral and its cation. The lowest energy electron configuration of E125+, [Og]8s1/225g7/216f5/23 with a J = 6 ground state, was found to be similar to that in (E125)F, while the neutral E125 atom has an [Og]8s1/225g7/216f5/227d3/218p1/21 ground state electron configuration with a J = 17/2 ground state. The ionization energy (IE) of E125 is reported for the first time and is calculated to be 4.70 eV at the DC-CCSD(T) level of theory. Non-relativistic calculations were also carried out on the E125 atom and the (E125)F molecule. The non-relativistic ground state of the E125 atom was calculated to have a 5g5 ground state with an IE of just 3.4 eV. The net effect of relativity on (E125)F is to stabilize its bonding.
Lorentzian distance on the Lobachevsky plane
*
Authors: Sachkov Yu L 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Left-invariant Lorentzian structures on the 2D solvable non-Abelian Lie group are studied. Sectional curvature, attainable sets, Lorentzian length maximizers, distance, spheres, and infinitesimal isometries are described.
FCSSL: fusion enhanced contrastive self-supervised learning method for parallel MRI reconstruction
Authors: Ding Peng , Duan Jizhong , Xue Lei , Liu Yu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective. The implementation of deep learning in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has significantly advanced the reduction of data acquisition times. However, these techniques face substantial limitations in scenarios where acquiring fully sampled datasets is unfeasible or costly. Approach. To tackle this problem, we propose a fusion enhanced contrastive self-supervised learning (FCSSL) method for parallel MRI reconstruction, eliminating the need for fully sampled k-space training dataset and coil sensitivity maps. First, we introduce a strategy based on two pairs of re-undersampling masks within a contrastive learning framework, aimed at enhancing the representational capacity to achieve higher quality reconstruction. Subsequently, a novel adaptive fusion network, trained in a self-supervised learning manner, is designed to integrate the reconstruction results of the framework. Results. Experimental results on knee datasets under different sampling masks demonstrate that the proposed FCSSL achieves superior reconstruction performance compared to other self-supervised learning methods. Moreover,the performance of FCSSL approaches that of the supervised methods, especially under the 2DRU and RADU masks, but no need for fully sample data. The proposed FCSSL, trained under the 3× 1DRU and 2DRU masks, can effectively generalize to unseen 1D and 2D undersampling masks, respectively. For target domain data that exhibit significant differences from source domain data, the proposed model, fine-tuned with just a few dozen instances of undersampled data in the target domain, achieves reconstruction performance comparable to that achieved by the model trained with the entire set of undersampled data. Significance. The novel FCSSL model offers a viable solution for reconstructing high-quality MR images without needing fully sampled datasets, thereby overcoming a major hurdle in scenarios where acquiring fully sampled MR data is difficult.
Inverse design method for tailoring the deflection of beams with functionally graded metamaterials
Authors: Ochoa Oscar , Cuan-Urquizo Enrique , Sandoval-Castro X Yamile , González Alejandro 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Functionally graded metamaterials represent a cutting-edge approach to designing structures with cellular materials. By manipulating parameters in specific regions, a customized mechanical response is achieved, optimizing material utilization. Despite various proposed methods to generate functionally graded structures, the challenge of high computational costs persists. This study introduces a novel and computationally efficient inverse design method for beams featuring segment-wise graded metamaterials. Using a semi-analytical approach based on Castigliano’s second theorem, this method significantly reduces computational demands. The approach leverages prior experimental and computational characterizations of the transverse deflection in rectangular, reentrant, and hexagonal honeycombs. Validation through finite element models and experimental tests on additively manufactured beams confirms the adequate performance of the method. The proposed framework successfully generates beams with targeted deflections, demonstrating the method’s capability for inverse design under specific loading and boundary conditions. This approach not only optimizes material utilization but also broadens the application scope of functionally graded metamaterials in structural design.
An efficient hybrid approach for numerical study of two-dimensional time-fractional Cattaneo model with Riesz distributed-order space-fractional operator along with stability analysis
Authors: Derakhshan M H , Mortazavifar S L , Veeresha P , Gómez-Aguilar J F 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this article, we study and analyze the two-dimensional time-fractional Cattaneo model with Riesz space distributed-order. To obtain approximate solutions of this type of fractional model the combined and effective numerical approach based on the ADI Galerkin method and the Legendre spectral method used the ADI Galerkin numerical method uses the finite difference approach. The ADI Galerkin numerical method is used to approximate the proposed model in terms of the time variable, and the Legendre spectral method is applied to discretize the fractional model with respect to the space variable. Also, the convergence analysis and stability of the proposed method are discussed and reviewed in this manuscript. In the end, some numerical examples are tested for the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. As well as, in the numerical examples section, the presented numerical approach is compared with two numerical methods and the results are reported in a table.
A comparative study of gas temperature determination in non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet by spectral analysis and scattering technique for plasma-catalyst measurements
Authors: Adress Wameedh , Graham W G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Comparison and validation of different methods for the measurements of plasma gas temperature were studied. The investigations depend on optical emission spectroscopy OES, laser scattering technique, and line-broadening mechanisms. The rotational temperature of the second positive system SPS (C3 ∏+
u - B3 ∏+
g) around 380 nm, second positive system SPS at 337.1 nm of nitrogen molecule (C3 ∏+
u - B3 ∏+
g), and first negative system FNS at 391.4 nm of nitrogen ion (B2Σu
+→X2Σg
+) were investigated. Moreover, Raman scattering spectra at 532 nm were used to measure the gas temperature in the plasma jet. Gas temperature from the emission line broadening method was also calculated. The role of non-thermal plasma in assisting NOx reduction over an Ag/Al2O3 catalyst at low temperatures using simulated diesel fuels (toluene) was confirmed. Importantly, a significant activity of both NOx and hydrocarbons oxidation was observed and obtained at low gas temperatures. It was found that there is a clear correlation between the gas temperature and the conversion efficiency of the catalyst under different operating conditions of the plasma reactor. The main objective of this investigation was to confirm the important role of the non-thermal plasma in catalyst activation at low gas temperatures compared to traditional thermal activation.
Study of changes in the pulsation period of six Cepheids variable
Authors: Abdel-Sabour Mohamed , Nouh Mohamed I , Elkholy Essam , Stevens Ian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the period change of six Cepheids using 19376 accurate flux observations of the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) onboard the Coriolis spacecraft. All observations for the six Cepheids have been derived as templates for each star, independent of the specific sites utilized to establish and update the O–C values. Sometimes, sinusoidal patterns are superimposed on the star’s O–C changes, which cannot be regarded as random fluctuations in the pulsation period. Random period changes were detected and computed using Eddington’s and Plakidis’s approaches. A comparison of the observed and predicted period change reveals a good agreement with some published models and a very substantial divergence with others. Between the reported period change and that estimated by the current technique, a linear fit with a correlation coefficient of 90.08 percent was obtained. The temporal rate of period change in Cepheid stars might be connected to how well these stars’ mass losses are known today.