bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Static characteristics of thermohydrodynamic journal bearing operating under lubricants containing nanoparticles
Authors: Kalakada Sreedhar Babu , Kumarapillai Prabhakaran Nair Nair , P K Rajendra Kumar 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this work is to investigate the static performance characteristics of thermohydrodynamic journal bearing operating under nanolubricants (lubricants containing per cent weight concentration of nanoparticles).

Design/methodology/approach
– Addition of nanoparticles in the lubricant increases lubricant viscosity. To study the effect of this variation on journal bearing, analytical models are developed for the relationship between viscosity, 0-0.5 per cent weight concentration of nanoparticles and temperature range of 300-900°C. To obtain pressure and temperature distribution, modified Reynolds and energy equations are solved by using the finite element method. The viscosity field (varies with temperature and per cent weight concentration of nanoparticles) is updated in these two equations by using the developed analytical model. The steady-state performance characteristics are computed for various values of eccentricity ratios for non-thermoviscous (viscosity of lubricant varies with per cent weight concentration of nanoparticles) and thermoviscous (viscosity of lubricant varies with per cent weight concentration of nanoparticles and temperature) cases. The lubricant and the nanoparticles used for the present work are SAE15W40, copper oxide (CuO), cerium oxide (CeO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3).

Findings
– The pressure and temperature distribution across the lubricant film in the clearance space of journal bearing and static performance characteristics are calculated.

Originality/value
– The computed results show that addition of nanoparticles in the lubricant influences the performance characteristics considerable in thermoviscous case than non-thermoviscous case.
The effect of tenure on auditor realization rates
Authors: Johnson Lynn , O'Keefe Terrence B. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to test whether the realization rate on audit engagements increases with auditor tenure in competitive markets, suggesting the presence of initial audit lowballing.

Design/methodology/approach
– Using regression analysis, we test this hypothesis with fee- and cost-related data from a sample of local governments audited by a single audit firm. Based on representations of the firm, we classify the audit market for the 127 cities, counties and school districts in our sample as competitive and the audit market for the 93 special district audits as non-competitive.

Findings
– As hypothesized, we find that in the competitive market, the realization rate on audit engagements increases with auditor tenure but does not do so in the non-competitive audit market.

Research limitations/implications
– We cannot identify the specific engagements which were subject to a competitive bidding process, so we rely on the auditor’s representation of competitiveness by entity type.

Originality/value
– To our knowledge, the central prediction of audit pricing models that the auditor’s realization rate increases with auditor tenure has not been tested in real audit markets because proprietary cost data are rarely available. Testing this prediction is the primary contribution of this paper.
Leadership, governance and the mitigation of risk: a case study
Authors: Rooney Jim , Cuganesan Suresh 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this study is to examine how managers in financial institutions satisfy themselves of the effectiveness of risk mitigation strategy and management control. It studies the co-opting of accounting tools within a single financial institution case study, examining the recursive and emergent characteristics of risk management practice.Design/methodology/approach– Adopting a field study approach within the strategy-as-practice perspective, the paper provides insights into the role of actor perceptions of risk and accounting as a calculative practice in the adaptive enactment of risk strategy.Findings– Results highlight the interactions between risk management strategy, management controls and actor interests at Lehman Brothers. The actions and reactions of risk management decision-makers such as Executive Committee and Board members are examined to better understand the role of accounting and leadership.Research limitations/implications– Results of this study may not be generalised beyond this single case study.Practical implications– The paper emphasises that concern for the social relations and the performative interests of actors in a risk management network needs to be understood and considered in accounting research. It is argued that the market prices of tradable financial asset will continue to be opaque without these insights.Originality/value– This study explores an under-researched topic in the accounting literature in examining how management controls are affected by and, in turn, affect risk strategising.
Tracking change in Northern Ireland policing: temporal phases and key themes
Authors: Murphy Joanne 
Published: March 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore and explain the change process in Northern Ireland policing through an analysis of temporally bracketed change phases and key change delivery themes ranging from 1996 to 2012.Design/methodology/approach– The research approach adopted is process based, longitudinal and multi-method, utilising “temporal bracketing” to determine phases of change and conjunctural reasoning to unravel the systematic factors interacting over time, within the case.Findings– The paper identifies and temporally brackets four phases of change: “Tipping point”; “Implementation, Symbolic Modification and Resistance”; “Power Assisted Steering”; and “A Return to Turbulence”, identifies four themes that emerge from RUC-PSNI experience: the role of adaptive leadership; pace and sequencing of change implementation; sufficient resourcing; and the impact of external agents acting as boundary spanners, and comments on the prominence of these themes through the phases. The paper goes on to reflect upon how these phases and themes inform our understanding of organisational change within policing organisations generally and within politically pressurised transition processes.Originality/value– The contribution of the paper lies in the documentation of an almost unique organisational case in an environmentally forced change process. In this it contains lessons for other organisations facing similar, if less extreme challenges and presents an example of intense change analysed longitudinally.
Policing and procedural justice: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Donner Chirstopher , Maskaly Jon , Fridell Lorie , Jennings Wesley G. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to systematically and comprehensively review the literature on procedural justice in policing, in the context of both police-citizen encounters and organizational decision making.

Design/methodology/approach
– The current study reflects a narrative meta-review of procedural justice within policing generated through a systematic and exhaustive search of several academic databases (e.g. Criminal Justice Abstracts, Criminology: A SAGE Full Text Collection, EBSCO Host, PsychInfo, etc.).

Findings
– The current meta-review identified 46 studies that matched the selection criteria. In this body of research, 28 studies analyzed procedural justices within the context of police-citizen encounters and 18 studies examined procedural justice within the context of police organization decision making. In general, the body of research yields two main findings. First, citizens’ perceptions of procedural justice during interactions with the police positively affect their views of police legitimacy, satisfaction with police services, satisfaction with interaction disposition, trust in the police, and confidence in the police. Second, the perception of police personnel of procedural justice in organizational decision making positively influences their views of decision outcomes, trust in the administration, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, desire to stay with the agency, and overall views of the agency.

Practical implications
– The practical implications derived from this meta-review are twofold. First, police personnel engaged in police-citizen encounters reap many benefits when they treat citizens with fairness and maintain an encounter process that is marked by objectivity and equity. Second, police supervisors and administrators reap benefits when their subordinates perceive that there is procedural justice within the organization.

Originality/value
– The state-of-the-art meta-review on procedural justice in policing is the first of its kind. This study comprehensively reviews the literature on two important bodies of policing research. This study will be useful for researchers who wish to further explore procedural justice issues in policing, and for police managers/administrators who wish to strengthen citizens’ perceptions of the police and their employees’ perceptions of the organization.
Benefits Gained, Benefits Lost: Comparing Baby Boomers to Other Generations in a Longitudinal Cohort Study of Self‐Rated Health
Authors: BADLEY ELIZABETH M. , CANIZARES MAYILEE , PERRUCCIO ANTHONY V. , HOGG‐JOHNSON SHEILAH , GIGNAC MONIQUE A.M. 
Published: March 2015

Policy Points:
Despite beliefs that baby boomers are healthier than previous generations, we found no evidence that the health of baby boomers is substantially different from that of the previous or succeeding cohorts.
The effects of increased education, higher income, and lower smoking rates on improving self‐rated health were nearly counterbalanced by the adverse effect of increasing body mass index (BMI).
Assumptions that baby boomers will require less health care as they age because of better education, more prosperity, and less propensity to smoke may not be realized because of increases in obesity.
ContextBaby boomers are commonly believed to be healthier than the previous generation. Using self‐rated health (SRH) as an indicator of health status, this study examines the effects of age, period, and birth cohort on the trajectory of health across 4 generations: World War II (born between 1935 and 1944), older baby boomers (born between 1945 and 1954), younger baby boomers (born between 1955 and 1964), and Generation X (born between 1965 and 1974).MethodsWe analyzed Canada’s longitudinal National Population Health Survey 1994‐2010 (n = 8,570 at baseline), using multilevel growth models to estimate the age trajectory of SRH by cohort, accounting for period and incorporating the influence of changes in education, household income, smoking status, and body mass index (BMI) on SRH over time.FindingsSRH worsened with increasing age in all cohorts. Cohort differences in SRH were modest (p = 0.034), but there was a significant period effect (p = 0.002). We found marked cohort effects for increasing education, income, and BMI, and decreasing smoking from the youngest to the oldest cohorts, which were much reduced (education and smoking) or removed (income and BMI) once period was taken into account. At the population level, multivariable analysis showed the benefits of increasing education and income and declines in smoking on the trajectory of improving SRH were almost counterbalanced by the effects of increasing BMI (obesity).ConclusionsWe found no evidence to support the expectation that baby boomers will age more or less healthily than previous cohorts did. We also found that increasing BMI has likely undermined improvements in health that might have otherwise occurred, with possible implications for the need for health care. Period effects had a more profound effect than birth cohort effects. This suggests that interventions to improve health, such as reducing obesity, can be targeted to the entire, or a major portion of the, population and need not single out particular birth cohorts.
Making ‘Global Sydney’: Spatial Imaginaries, Worlding and Strategic Plans
Authors: Baker Tom , Ruming Kristian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article critically examines the expression of global spatial imaginaries in urban policy and planning. Following recent calls to understand how the global is ‘made up' in and through cities, we argue for the usefulness of Roy and Ong's concept of ‘worlding’. By analysing how strategic spatial plans envisage ‘Global Sydney’, the article reveals a constitutive spatial imaginary informed by the articulation of three interrelated elements: global city standards, comparative techniques and extra‐local policy models. Unpacking how cities are selectively worlded through spatial imaginaries, the article advances an approach to urban globality as actively cultivated and differentially produced.
Manipulation of Omega‐3 PUFAs in Lamb: Phenotypic and Genotypic Views
Authors: Alvarenga Tharcilla Isabella Rodrigues Costa , Chen Yizhou , Furusho‐Garcia Iraides Ferreira , Perez Juan Ramon Olalquiaga , Hopkins David L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA number of studies have shown that dietary omega‐6 and omega‐3 long‐chain fatty acids can be incorporated into muscle tissue of ruminants despite the biohydrogenation of dietary fatty acids in the rumen. The main focus of this review is on eicosapentaenoic (20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n‐3) fatty acids because health authorities around the world consider the sum of these fatty acids as the basis of classifying a food as a source or good source of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). A high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids are hydrogenated in the rumen, leading to a higher concentration of 18:0, but some escapes the rumen to be absorbed intact by the small intestine. Feeding strategies for ruminants have been successfully applied to increase the absorption of PUFAs in the small intestine and therefore to increase the levels of PUFAs in muscle tissue. Protected fats and algae are strong candidates to improve the nutritional value of red meat in ruminants in terms of health‐claimable omega‐3 fatty acids. Efforts to understand the genetic basis of fatty acid metabolism have been underway. The knowledge of the main genes which control the output of omega‐3 fatty acids is still lacking, but gene expression studies have helped to explain the deposition of these acids in muscle, liver, and subcutaneous fat.
A Case of Contested Cremains Analyzed Through Metric and Chemical Comparison
Authors: Bartelink Eric J. , Sholts Sabrina B. , Milligan Colleen F. , Van Deest Traci L. , Wärmländer Sebastian K.T.S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSince the 1980s, cremation has become the fastest growing area of the U.S. funeral industry. At the same time, the number of litigations against funeral homes and cremation facilities has increased. Forensic anthropologists are often asked to determine whether the contents of an urn are actually cremated bone, and to address questions regarding the identity of the remains. This study uses both metric and chemical analyses for resolving a case of contested cremains. A cremains weight of 2021.8 g was predicted based on the decedent's reported stature and weight. However, the urn contents weighed 4173.5 g. The urn contents also contained material inconsistent with cremains (e.g., moist sediment, stones, ferrous metal). Analysis using XRD and SEM demonstrated that the urn contained thermally altered bone as well as inorganic material consistent with glass fiber cement. Although forensically challenging, cremains cases such as this one can be resolved using a multidisciplinary approach.
The insecticidal activity and action mode of an imidacloprid analogue, 1‐(3‐pyridylmethyl)‐2‐nitroimino‐imidazolidine
Authors: Zhuang An‐Xiang , Zhang Yi‐Xi , Zhang Hui , Liu Ze‐Wen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNeonicotinoids, such as imidacloprid, are key insecticides extensively used for control of Nilaparvata lugens. However, imidacloprid resistance has been reported in many Asian countries in recent years. To understand the roles of the chlorine atom of pyridyl group on insecticidal activity and resistance, the atom was removed to generate an imidacloprid analogue DC‐Imi (DesChlorine Imidacloprid). DC‐Imi showed significantly higher toxicity than imidacloprid in the susceptible strain of N. lugens, but had medium level cross‐resistance in an imidacloprid‐resistant strain. In Xenopus oocyte expressed nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) Nlα1/rβ2, the inward currents evoked by DC‐Imi were detected and could be blocked by typical nAChRs antagonist dihydro‐β‐erythroidine (DHβE), which demonstrated that DC‐Imi acted as an agonist on insect nAChRs. The efficacy of DC‐Imi on Nlα1/rβ2 was 1.8‐fold higher than that of imidacloprid. In addition, the influence of an imidacloprid resistance associated mutation (Y151S) on agonist potencies was evaluated. Compared with the wild‐type receptor, the mutation reduced maximal inward current of DC‐Imi to 55.6% and increased half maximal effective concentration (EC50) to 3.53‐fold. Compared with imidacloprid (increasing EC50 to 2.38‐fold of wild‐type receptor), Y151S mutation decreased DC‐Imi potency more significantly. The results indicated that the selective and possibly high toxicities could be achieved through the modification of 6‐chloro‐3‐pyridyl group in imidacloprid and other neonicotinoids.
CD1 Antigen Presentation and Autoreactivity in the Pregnant Human Uterus
Authors: Guerin Leigh , Wu Vernon , Houser Brandy , Tilburgs Tamara , de Jong Annemieke , Moody D. Branch , Strominger Jack L. 
Published: March 2015

ProblemCD11cHI human decidual macrophages express several isoforms of CD1 molecules. Their expression pattern and function required investigation.Method of StudyCD11cHI macrophages were isolated from decidua. Expression of CD1 isoforms and their ability to present lipid antigens to T cells was studied.ResultsCD1a, CD1c, and CD1d were all expressed on CD11cHI dMϕ, a pattern differing from those previously observed. Exposure of peripheral monocytes and dendritic cells to lipid isolates from decidua led to increased surface CD1a levels only. The CD1a and CD1c on dMϕ were able to present the appropriate lipid antigens to lipid antigen‐specific T cells. Finally, autoreactivity of decidual T cells to CD1a was observed.ConclusionThe unique pattern of expression of CD1 isoforms on CD11cHI dMϕ is consistent with organ‐specific roles of CD1 in human T‐cell responses. dMϕ are able to present lipid antigens to both peripheral and decidual T cells and are major antigen‐presenting cells in human decidua.
The evolution of fetal presentation during pregnancy: a retrospective, descriptive cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ferreira Jose C.P. , Borowski Dariusz , Czuba Bartosz , Cnota Wojciech , Wloch Agata , Sodowski Krzysztof , Wielgos Miroslaw , Wegrzyn Piotr 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe investigated changes in the frequencies of four primary types of singleton fetal lie/presentation for each gestational week from 18 to 39 weeks in a retrospective, cross‐sectional study which analyzed ultrasound examination records of fetal positions, in the outpatient prenatal diagnosis clinics in two cities in Poland. We calculated the prevalence and 95% confidence intervals for each type of lie/presentation. We then identified the gestational age after which no statistically significant changes in terms of prevalence were observed, by comparing the results at each week with the prevalence of cephalic presentation at 39+0 weeks, used as reference. A total of 18 019 ultrasound examinations were used. From 22 to 36 weeks of gestation, the prevalence of cephalic presentation increased from 47% (45–50%) to 94% (91–96%), before and after which times plateaus were noted. Spontaneous change from breech to cephalic is unlikely to occur after 36 weeks of gestation.
Current status of randomized controlled trials for laparoscopic gastric surgery for gastric cancer in Korea
Authors: Byun Cheulsu , Han Sang‐Uk 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLaparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer has rapidly gained popularity as a result of the increased incidence of early gastric cancer in Korea. Although laparoscopic gastrectomy has been considered as an investigational treatment because of the lack of solid evidence of efficacy and safety, it is increasingly regarded as a standard treatment for early gastric cancer. Moreover, solid evidence is anticipated from two studies in Korea, KLASS 01 and KLASS 02, the latter of which examines the suitability of laparoscopic gastrectomy for advanced gastric cancer. The use of cutting‐edge techniques for laparoscopic gastrectomy enables surgeons to deliver various treatment options that offer the best possible quality of life after gastrectomy. In this review, we summarize the current status of clinical trials on laparoscopic gastrectomy in Korea and examine future perspectives regarding laparoscopic gastrectomy for the treatment of gastric cancer.
Academically buoyant students are less anxious about and perform better in high‐stakes examinations
Authors: Putwain David W. , Daly Anthony L. , Chamberlain Suzanne , Sadreddini Shireen 
Published: March 2015

BackgroundPrior research has shown that test anxiety is negatively related to academic buoyancy, but it is not known whether test anxiety is an antecedent or outcome of academic buoyancy. Furthermore, it is not known whether academic buoyancy is related to performance on high‐stakes examinations.AimsTo test a model specifying reciprocal relations between test anxiety and academic buoyancy and to establish whether academic buoyancy is related to examination performance.SampleA total of 705 students in their final year of secondary education (Year 11).MethodsSelf‐report data for test anxiety and academic buoyancy were measured in two waves in Year 11. Examination performance was taken from the mean English, mathematics, and science scores from the high‐stakes General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examinations taken at the end of Year 11.ResultsMeasurement invariance was demonstrated for test anxiety and academic buoyancy across both waves of measurement. The worry component of test anxiety, but not the tension component, showed reciprocal relations with academic buoyancy. Worry predicted lower mean GCSE score and academic buoyancy predicted a higher mean GCSE score. Tension did not predict mean GCSE score.ConclusionAcademic buoyancy protects against the appraisal of examinations as threatening by influencing self‐regulative processes and enables better examination performance. Worry, but not tension, shows a negative feedback loop to academic buoyancy.