bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emerging Web 2.0 applications in open access scholarly journals in the field of agriculture and food sciences
Authors: Gul Sumeer , Ahmad Shah Tariq , Tun Nisa Nahida 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The study aims to focus on the application of Web 2.0 tools in Agriculture and Food Sciences open access journals. The changing trends in scholarly publishing processes have revolutionised the academic world. The shifting of academic journals to open access mode has been on the rise because of the numerous benefits associated with it. The high level of profitability reaped from open access titles has forced them to experiment with new and innovative technologies, including Web 2.0. The new shift in the form of Web 2.0 has sifted in to the open access journal world. Open access journals in the field of Agriculture and Food Sciences are growing and so are the features and functionalities within them. Because of these new innovative tools there is an urgent need to focus on their adoption.

Design/methodology/approach
– Directory of Open Access Journals, being one of the growing open access journal directories, was selected for the purpose of data gathering. The journals selected for the study included those titles which were currently active.

Findings
– The open access journal landscape in the field of Agriculture and Food Sciences is influenced by the Web 2.0 revolution. The degree of experimenting with Web 2.0 in open access journals in Agriculture and Food Sciences is evident and can prove an excellent platform for the dissemination of agricultural information in a more advanced mode.

Researchlimitations/implications
– The study will be helpful for journal administrators who belong to the field of Agriculture and Food Sciences to know the actual status of Web 2.0 adoption by the journals in their field. The study can also be helpful for journal administrators for the adoption of Web 2.0 tools to achieve a better, more innovative and interactive scholarly platform. It will also enable us to know how the new pioneering technology – Web 2.0 – can help to explore new innovative ways of managing information in the scholarly world in general and the Agriculture and Food Sciences discipline in particular.

Originality/value
– The study can be extended to harness the effects of Web 2.0 on the research activities of the scholars associated with various disciplines of Agriculture and Food Sciences. How Agricultural scientists make use of Web 2.0 for sharing and exchange of information for their academic development can also be researched. The impact of Web 2.0 tools on the citation counts of open access journals can also be studied.
The economic theory of the firm as a foundation for international business theory
Authors: Casson Mark 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to argue that management capability is a complement to ownership advantage. Ownership advantage determines the potential of the firm, and management capability governs the fulfilment of this potential through overcoming barriers to growth. The economic theory of the firm is central to the theory of the multinational enterprise (MNE).Design/methodology/approach– Multinationals play an important role in coordinating the international division of labour through internal markets. The paper reviews the economic principles that underlie this view. The analysis is applied to a variety of issues, including out-sourcing, geographical dispersion of production and regional specialisation in marketing.Findings– The economic theory of the firm is central to the theory of the MNE. Recent literature on multinationals, however, makes only limited reference to the economic theory of the firm. Optimal internalisation equates marginal benefits and costs. The benefits of internalisation stem mainly from the difficulties of licensing proprietary knowledge, reflecting the view that MNEs possess an “ownership” or “firm-specific” advantage. The costs of internalisation, it is argued, reflect managerial capability, and in particular the capability to manage a large firm.Originality/value– The paper demonstrates the value of the economic theory of the firm in analysing the strategy, structure and size of multinational firms. It restates classic economic principles and applies them to contemporary issues, including the performance and survival of multinational firms in current times.
Beautifying the Slum: Cable Car Fetishism in Cazucá, Colombia
Authors: Álvarez Rivadulla María José , Bocarejo Diana 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe installation of cable cars as part of slum beautification projects has begun to circulate among politicians, planners and residents as a magical solution that offers social and economic integration to historically marginalized urban areas. This paper analyzes the way in which a cable car project became a fetish for the inhabitants, politicians and planners ofCazucá, a very deprived, abandoned and stigmatized area on the outskirts ofBogotá,Colombia. The highly positive value given to the cable car project must be understood within the specific local context without judging its ‘false promises’ a priori. The promise of the cable car inCazucá reveals at least two crucial political reasons for the current potency of such projects: a complex history of political failures and the political value cable cars have acquired nationally and internationally. We analyze how, for both residents and politicians, the mere possibility of a cable car awakened long neglected desires for visibility and created new ones, such as those related to tourism. They see the cable car as an ‘engine for social change’, a way to ensure the commitment of national and international funds, and a venue to brand the city on a global scale.
Spatial Imaginaries of the Dutch–German–Belgian Borderlands: A Multidimensional Analysis of Cross‐Border Regional Governance
Authors: Varró Krisztina 
Published: October 2014

AbstractParallel to the proliferation of cross‐border regional cooperation initiatives in the European Union, increasing scholarly attention has been given to conceptualizing cross‐border governance in recent decades. In line with the recognition that cross‐border regions have not undermined the significance of nation‐state spaces but have added to their complexity, conceptual frameworks of analysis have become more and more refined. However, studies still tend to be framed in one spatial grammar, that of territory, scale or network, and fail to consider the ways in which these different dimensions become interlocked. The aim of this article is to address this lack by developing a multidimensional perspective, in order to finally circumvent state‐centric thinking on cross‐border regions and to offer a more nuanced account of whether and how new imaginaries of spatial governance institutionalize. These arguments are demonstrated by means of a case study of cross‐border regional governance in the Dutch–German–Belgian borderlands.
Judging politicians: The role of political attentiveness in shaping how people evaluate the ethical behaviour of their leaders
Authors: Birch Sarah , Allen Nicholas 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPolitical theorists have developed well‐defined normative understandings of what constitutes ethical political conduct. Based on democratic theory as well as the demands of practical politics, these understandings prescribe certain types of behaviour and proscribe other types. However, it is unclear to what extent this normative framework has resonance for ordinary citizens. This article demonstrates that attention to politics tends to increase the resonance of this normative framework. The analysis identifies three norms about the holding of public office that are expected to structure citizens' ethical judgments: the avoidance of conflicts of interest; conformity with the law or institutional rules; and the maximisation of the public good. The article assesses the importance of these norms in structuring judgments by means of an experiment embedded in a population survey conducted in Great Britain. The analysis finds that informational cues pertaining to conflict‐of‐interest avoidance only condition responses among the attentive, while information pertaining to law conformity has far wider resonance. This finding has implications for approaches to political ethics focusing on normative considerations that appear to have low salience for much of the general public.
From ‘Tiger’ to ‘PIIGS’: Ireland and the use of heuristics in comparative political economy
Authors: Brazys Samuel , Hardiman Niamh 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article analyses the consequences of the narrative construction of the group of countries that has been grouped as ‘PIIGS’ (Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain) for their sovereign debt risk rating. Acronyms for groups of countries can provide a useful shorthand to capture emergent similarities in economic profile and prospects. But they can also lead to misleading narratives, since the grounds for use of these terms as heuristic devices are usually not well elaborated. This article examines the process whereby the ‘PIIGS’ group came into being, traces how Ireland became a member of this grouping, and assesses the merits of classifying these countries together. The contention is that the repetition of the acronym in public debate did indeed shape the behaviour of market actors toward these countries. It is argued that this involved a co‐constituting process: similarities in market treatment drives PIIGS usage, which in turn promotes further similarities in market treatment. Evidence is found of Granger causality, such that increased media usage of the term ‘PIIGS’ is followed by increased changes in Irish bond yields. This demonstrates the constitutive role of perceptions and discourse in interpreting the significance of economic fundamentals. The use of acronyms as heuristics has potentially far‐reaching consequences in the financial markets.
Land Tenure, Tenure Security and Farm Efficiency: Panel Evidence from the Philippines
Authors: Michler Jeffrey D. , Shively Gerald E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article tests the relationships among formalised property rights, land tenure contracts and productive efficiency in farming. Using four rounds of panel data from 230 rice farms in the Philippines, we measure the effects of land tenure arrangements on farm efficiency using a stochastic production frontier model. We test for the allocative efficiency of observed land rental markets. We also test how land tenure security affects farmers' investment decisions. Results suggest that, despite the presence of formalised titles, the rental market remains inefficient at allocating land. In contrast, the unformalised tenure contracts used by farmers appear to provide tenure security.
A Nationwide Register‐Based Survey of Baclofen Toxicity
Authors: Kiel Louise Bendix , Hoegberg Lotte Christine Groth , Jansen Tejs , Petersen John Asger , Dalhoff Kim Peder 
Published: October 2014

AbstractTo study the use and misuse (poisonings) of baclofen in the time period of 2007–2012 and to evaluate the severity and clinical symptoms of poisonings including ingested baclofen. The National Patient Register (NPR) was searched for admissions due to baclofen poisonings from 2007 to 2012. The search was conducted with ICD‐10 codes for poisoning, self‐harm and suicide, and coupled with the baclofen ATC code. All enquiries about baclofen to the Danish Poison Information Centre (DPIC) in the same period were evaluated. Demographic and clinical data were extracted, and the poisonings were classified according to the Poison Severity Score. The number of baclofen poisonings did not increase from 2007 to 2012. Thirty‐eight admissions with baclofen poisoning were registered at the NPR; however, only one‐third of the reviewed DPIC cases were registered at the NPR with the correct coding. In the group of severely poisoned patients (PSS 3), three patients had only ingested baclofen (mean 2000 mg; SD 500 mg) and eight patients had ingested baclofen together with alcohol or psychotropic drugs (mean 900 mg; SD 641 mg). All patients presented with deep coma and respiratory depression. Additionally, seizures and cardiovascular events (mild hypo‐ or hypertension and bradycardia) occurred. There is a substantial degree of underreporting of baclofen poisonings in Denmark. Symptoms of baclofen poisoning progress very fast, and toxicity was observed even with doses as low as 150 mg. We therefore recommend that observation and treatment of these patients should be carried out in an intermediate‐ or intensive care unit. The most important treatment is the maintenance of a protected airway and respiration.
Robust meta‐analytic‐predictive priors in clinical trials with historical control information
Authors: Schmidli Heinz , Gsteiger Sandro , Roychoudhury Satrajit , O'Hagan Anthony , Spiegelhalter David , Neuenschwander Beat 
Published: October 2014

SummaryHistorical information is always relevant for clinical trial design. Additionally, if incorporated in the analysis of a new trial, historical data allow to reduce the number of subjects. This decreases costs and trial duration, facilitates recruitment, and may be more ethical. Yet, under prior‐data conflict, a too optimistic use of historical data may be inappropriate. We address this challenge by deriving a Bayesian meta‐analytic‐predictive prior from historical data, which is then combined with the new data. This prospective approach is equivalent to a meta‐analytic‐combined analysis of historical and new data if parameters are exchangeable across trials. The prospective Bayesian version requires a good approximation of the meta‐analytic‐predictive prior, which is not available analytically. We propose two‐ or three‐component mixtures of standard priors, which allow for good approximations and, for the one‐parameter exponential family, straightforward posterior calculations. Moreover, since one of the mixture components is usually vague, mixture priors will often be heavy‐tailed and therefore robust. Further robustness and a more rapid reaction to prior‐data conflicts can be achieved by adding an extra weakly‐informative mixture component. Use of historical prior information is particularly attractive for adaptive trials, as the randomization ratio can then be changed in case of prior‐data conflict. Both frequentist operating characteristics and posterior summaries for various data scenarios show that these designs have desirable properties. We illustrate the methodology for a phase II proof‐of‐concept trial with historical controls from four studies. Robust meta‐analytic‐predictive priors alleviate prior‐data conflicts ' they should encourage better and more frequent use of historical data in clinical trials.
Development and validation of a generic scale for use in transition programmes to measure self‐management skills in adolescents with chronic health conditions: the TRANSITION‐Q
Authors: Klassen A. F. , Grant C. , Barr R. , Brill H. , Kraus de Camargo O. , Ronen G. M. , Samaan M. C. , Mondal T. , Cano S. J. , Schlatman A. , Tsangaris E. , Athale U. , Wickert N. , Gorter J. W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimTo develop a generic self‐management skills scale for use with adolescents diagnosed with a chronic health condition who are aged 12 to 18 years.BackgroundThere is a lack of methodologically sound scales for healthcare teams to use to measure self‐management skills in adolescents with chronic conditions transitioning to adult care.MethodsAdolescents aged 12 to 18 years with a broad range of chronic health conditions, including neurodevelopmental conditions, were recruited from May to August 2013 from nine outpatient clinics at McMaster Children's Hospital (Canada). Thirty‐two participated in a cognitive interview, and 337 completed a questionnaire booklet. Interviews were used to develop the TRANSITION‐Q. Rasch measurement theory (RMT) analysis was used to identify items that represent the best indicators of self‐management skills. Traditional psychometric tests of measurement performance were also conducted.ResultsThe response rate was 92% (32/32 cognitive; 337/371 field test). RMT analysis resulted in a 14‐item scale with three response options. The overall fit of the observed data to that expected by the Rasch model was non‐significant, providing support that this new scale measured a unidimensional construct. Other tests supported the scale as scientifically sound, e.g. Person Separation Index = 0.82; good item fit statistics; no differential item function by age or gender; low residual correlations between items; Cronbach's alpha = 0.85; test‐retest reliability = 0.90; and tests of construct validity that showed, as hypothesized, fewer skills in younger participants and in participants who required assistance to complete the scale. Finally, participants who agreed they are ready to transfer to adult healthcare reported higher TRANSITION‐Q scores than did participants who disagreed.ConclusionsThe TRANSITION‐Q is a short, clinically meaningful and psychometrically sound scale. This generic scale can be used in research and in paediatric and adolescent clinics to help evaluate readiness for transition.
A protocol for eliciting nonmaterial values through a cultural ecosystem services frame
Authors: Gould Rachelle K. , Klain Sarah C. , Ardoin Nicole M. , Satterfield Terre , Woodside Ulalia , Hannahs Neil , Daily Gretchen C. , Chan Kai M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractStakeholders’ nonmaterial desires, needs, and values often critically influence the success of conservation projects. These considerations are challenging to articulate and characterize, resulting in their limited uptake in management and policy. We devised an interview protocol designed to enhance understanding of cultural ecosystem services (CES). The protocol begins with discussion of ecosystem‐related activities (e.g., recreation, hunting) and management and then addresses CES, prompting for values encompassing concepts identified in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) and explored in other CES research. We piloted the protocol in Hawaii and British Columbia. In each location, we interviewed 30 individuals from diverse backgrounds. We analyzed results from the 2 locations to determine the effectiveness of the interview protocol in elucidating nonmaterial values. The qualitative and spatial components of the protocol helped characterize cultural, social, and ethical values associated with ecosystems in multiple ways. Maps and situational, or vignette‐like, questions helped respondents articulate difficult‐to‐discuss values. Open‐ended prompts allowed respondents to express a diversity of ecosystem‐related values and proved sufficiently flexible for interviewees to communicate values for which the protocol did not explicitly probe. Finally, the results suggest that certain values, those mentioned frequently throughout the interview, are particularly salient for particular populations. The protocol can provide efficient, contextual, and place‐based data on the importance of particular ecosystem attributes for human well‐being. Qualitative data are complementary to quantitative and spatial assessments in the comprehensive representation of people's values pertaining to ecosystems, and this protocol may assist in incorporating values frequently overlooked in decision making processes.
Improving supplementary feeding in species conservation
Authors: Ewen John G. , Walker Leila , Canessa Stefano , Groombridge Jim J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSupplementary feeding is often a knee‐jerk reaction to population declines, and its application is not critically evaluated, leading to polarized views among managers on its usefulness. Here, we advocate a more strategic approach to supplementary feeding so that the choice to use it is clearly justified over, or in combination with, other management actions and the predicted consequences are then critically assessed following implementation. We propose combining methods from a set of specialist disciplines that will allow critical evaluation of the need, benefit, and risks of food supplementation. Through the use of nutritional ecology, population ecology, and structured decision making, conservation managers can make better choices about what and how to feed by estimating consequences on population recovery across a range of possible actions. This structured approach also informs targeted monitoring and more clearly allows supplementary feeding to be integrated in recovery plans and reduces the risk of inefficient decisions. In New Zealand, managers of the endangered Hihi (Notiomystis cincta) often rely on supplementary feeding to support reintroduced populations. On Kapiti island the reintroduced Hihi population has responded well to food supplementation, but the logistics of providing an increasing demand recently outstretched management capacity. To decide whether and how the feeding regime should be revised, managers used a structured decision making approach informed by population responses to alternative feeding regimes. The decision was made to reduce the spatial distribution of feeders and invest saved time in increasing volume of food delivered into a smaller core area. The approach used allowed a transparent and defendable management decision in regard to supplementary feeding, reflecting the multiple objectives of managers and their priorities.
Does a Nintendo Wii exercise program provide similar exercise demands as a traditional pulmonary rehabilitation program in adults with COPD?
Authors: LeGear Tyler , LeGear Mark , Preradovic Dejan , Wilson Geoffrey , Kirkham Ashley , Camp Pat G. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsThe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) population can experience lower activity and fitness levels than the non‐COPD population. The Nintendo Wii may be an appropriate at‐home training device for the COPD population, which could be used as a supplement for a pulmonary rehabilitation program. This study was a randomized, within‐subject, cross‐over study involving 10 adults with COPD previously enrolled in St Paul's Hospital's pulmonary rehabilitation program. This study attempted to determine if specific Wii activities resulted in similar energy expenditures to that of a more traditional pulmonary rehabilitation activity.MethodsParticipants completed two 15‐min exercise interventions in a single session, with a washout period of 30 min in‐between. The interventions were an experimental Wii intervention and a traditional treadmill intervention.ResultsThere was no significant difference in total energy expenditure between the two 15‐min exercise interventions [mean difference 36.3 joules; 95% confidence interval (CI): 31.4, 104]. There was no significant difference in heart rate (mean difference −0.167 beats per minute; 95% CI: −4.83, 4.50), rating of perceived exertion (mean difference 0.100; 95% CI: −0.416, 0.616) and Borg dyspnea scale (mean difference 0.267; 95% CI: −0.004, 0.537) between the two 15‐min exercise interventions. There was a significant difference in SpO2 between the two 15‐min exercise interventions (Wii intervention mean difference 2.33% > treadmill intervention; 95% CI: 1.52, 3.15).ConclusionGaming technology can provide an exercise program that has similar cardiovascular demands to traditional pulmonary rehabilitation programs for patients with COPD. Further research is necessary to address feasibility and long‐term adherence.