bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of physiologically functional compounds in Sika deer Cervus nippon meats obtained from different regions in Japan
Authors: Miyata Shiho , Chiku Kazuhiro , Yamaguchi Chisato , Nishimura Toshihide 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn Japan, the promotion of effective use of many wild deer as food resource has been conducted. However, they are not necessarily utilized effectively. Thus, we focused physiologically functional compounds to find characteristics of Sika deer meats (commercially available) obtained from different regions such as Hokkaido, Wakayama, Tokushima, and Miyazaki prefectures in Japan, making it a valuable resource for future studies and applications. The amount of carnosine, anserine, and balenine in muscle of deer from Wakayama prefecture was significantly lower than that in muscle of deer from other prefectures. The differences of amount of imidazole dipeptides in different prefectures seems to be caused by feed, rearing environment, and breed. The amount of carnitine in deer meat from Hokkaido was significantly lower than that in muscle of deer from other prefectures, while the amount of acetyl‐carnitine in deer meat from Miyazaki prefectures was significantly higher than that from other prefectures. The amounts of glutamine, ornithine, and 3‐methylhistidine in muscles of deer from Wakayama prefectures were significantly higher than those in muscle of deer from other prefectures. These results might be caused by differences in feeding habits, habitat, the muscle types, and subspecies of deer obtained from four regions in Japan.
TLR5 ligand induces the gene expression of antimicrobial peptides and CXCL8 through IL‐1β gene expression in cultured rumen epithelial cells
Authors: Nishihara Koki , Suzuki Yutaka , Haga Satoshi , Roh Sanggun 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHigh grain feeding or weaning, which could compromise the rumen epithelium by increasing ruminal short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations with pH reduction, is associated with high levels of ruminal toll‐like receptor 5 (TLR5). This study aimed to determine the role of TLR5 in the rumen epithelium. Immunohistochemistry revealed that TLR5 was localized in cells on the basal side (i.e., basal and spinous layers) rather than in the granular layer in the rumen epithelium, where tight junctions are most potent, in pre‐ and post‐weaning calves (n = 9). Primary bovine rumen epithelial cells (BRECs) obtained from Holstein cows (n = 3) were cultured to investigate the factors that upregulate TLR5; however, SCFA, low pH (pH 5.6), BHBA, L‐lactate, D‐lactate, and LPS did not upregulate TLR5 gene expression in BREC. Primary BREC treated with flagellin (TLR5 ligand) had higher expression of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) (P < 0.05) than BREC treated with vehicle. In addition, BREC treated with IL‐1β had higher expression of antimicrobial peptides and C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 8 than BREC treated with vehicle (P < 0.05). These results suggest that ruminal TLR5 may recognize epithelial disruption via flagellin and mediate the immune response via IL‐1β during high‐grain feeding or weaning.
What factors influence scientific concept learning? A study based on the fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis
Authors: Ma Jingjing , Liu Qingtang , Yu Shufan , Liu Jindian , Li Xiaojuan , Wang Chunhua 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis research employs the fuzzy‐set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to investigate the configurations of multiple factors influencing scientific concept learning, including augmented reality (AR) technology, the concept map (CM) strategy and individual differences (eg, prior knowledge, experience and attitudes). A quasi‐experiment was conducted with 194 seventh‐grade students divided into four groups: AR and CM (N = 52), AR and non‐CM (N = 51), non‐AR and CM (N = 40), non‐AR and non‐CM (N = 51). These students participated in a science lesson on ‘The structure of peach blossom’. This study represents students' science learning outcomes by measuring their academic performance and cognitive load. The fsQCA results reveal that: (1) factors influencing students' academic performance and cognitive load are interdependent, and a single factor cannot constitute a necessary condition for learning outcomes; (2) multiple pathways can lead to the same learning outcome, challenging the notion of a singular best path derived from traditional analysis methods; (3) the configurations of good and poor learning outcomes exhibit asymmetry. For example, high prior knowledge exists in both configurations leading to good and poor learning outcomes, depending on how other conditions are combined.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

Augmented reality proves to be a useful technological tool for improving science learning.
The concept map can guide students to describe the relationships between concepts and make a connection between new knowledge and existing knowledge structures.
Individual differences have been emphasized as essential external factors in controlling the effectiveness of learning.
What this paper adds

This study innovatively employed the fsQCA analysis method to reveal the complex phenomenon of the scientific concept learning process at a fine‐grained level.
This study discussed how individual differences interact with AR and concept map strategy to influence scientific concept learning.
Implications for practice and/or policy

No single factor present or absent is necessary for learning outcomes, but the combinations of AR and concept map strategy always obtain satisfactory learning outcomes.
There are multiple pathways to achieving good learning outcomes rather than a single optimal solution.
The implementation of educational interventions should fully consider students' individual differences, such as prior knowledge, experience and attitudes.
Differences in manifestations of epilepsy and developmental delay in PURA syndrome and 5q31 microdeletions
Authors: Kofoed Andreas W. S. , Kristiansen Silvia S. , Miranda Maria J. , Rubboli Guido , Johannesen Katrine M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPURA is mapped to chromosome 5q31 and plays a vital role in neuronal development and synapse formation. Here, we aim to explore PURA's impact on cognitive development and epilepsy phenotype by comparing patients with single nucleotide variants (SNPs) in the PURA gene (PURA‐SNP patients) to those with 5q31 microdeletions including PURA (5q31del + PURA) and those with 5q31 microdeletions not including the PURA gene (5q31del‐PURA). A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed. Two separate searches were performed in order to find patients with PURA SNPs and 5q31 microdeletions. This review includes data from 191 patients collected from a total of 18 articles; 174 of the patients had PURA SNPs, 13 had 5q31 microdeletions involving the PURA gene, and 4 had 5q31 microdeletions without PURA gene implication. All patients exhibited hypotonia, feeding difficulties and dysmorphic features, however epilepsy was primarily present in patients with PURA syndrome, that is, groups PURA‐SNP and 5q31del + PURA. Regarding the developmental milestones the 5q31del + PURA group stood out as being the most severe, while the 5q31del‐PURA group showed a relatively mild phenotype. Our findings support the hypothesis of PURA being the key contributor of developmental delay and epilepsy among patients with PURA syndrome.
Impact of peri‐implant keratinized mucosa width on the long‐term reconstructive outcomes of peri‐implantitis: A retrospective analysis with a follow‐up up to 10 years
Authors: Isler Sila Cagri , Soysal Fatma , Tunc Seher , Kaymaz Özlem , Unsal Berrin , Roccuzzo Andrea 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of mid‐buccal peri‐implant keratinized mucosa width (KMW) ≥2 mm or peri‐implant KMW >0 mm and <2 mm on the long‐term outcomes of peri‐implantitis reconstructive treatment.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐nine patients (40 implants; mean follow‐up: 9.2 ± 1.4 years) with at least one implant affected by peri‐implantitis and surgically treated through a reconstructive procedure followed by a submerged healing were included. Patients were categorized according to their initial KMW: Group 1 (KMW ≥2 mm) and Group 2 (KMW >0 mm and <2 mm). Peri‐implant clinical and radiographic parameters and a dedicated composite outcome were assessed at different follow‐up visits during supportive peri‐implant therapy for up to 10 years. Regression analyses were utilized to identify possible risk/predictive indicators for probing pocket depth (PPD) change and treatment success at the latest follow‐up.ResultsThe mean PPD did not exhibit any statistical difference from the baseline to the latest follow‐up between the groups at both patient and implant levels. Long‐term treatment success was 46.6% (Group 1) and 42.6% (Group 2) at patient level, it was 42.8% (Group 1) and 33.3% (Group 2), respectively, at implant level (p > 0.05). Group 1 demonstrated significantly higher vertical defect depth reduction than Group 2 (p = 0.018). Presence of buccal bony wall and mean PPD at the baseline were found to be associated with mean PPD change, while KMW at 6 months following surgery was identified as the only significant indicator for treatment success (p < 0.05).ConclusionImplants with KMW ≥2 mm did not present significantly better long‐term clinical outcomes following reconstructive therapy than those exhibiting KMW >0 mm and <2 mm. However, KMW values at the end of healing phase following a submerged approach had a significant impact on long‐term treatment success.
Conservation and human rights: The public commitments of international conservation organizations
Authors: Ford‐Learner Nicholas , Addison Jane , Smallhorn‐West Patrick 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTo ensure the protection of both people and nature, conservation practitioners have a responsibility to integrate human rights considerations into their conservation policies and practices. Here, we (i) develop a human rights‐based scoring framework for international conservation organization (NGO) policy commitments and (ii) use this to conduct a gap analysis of policy commitments for nine NGOs, which collectively contribute approximately $1.86 billion USD annually to the global conservation budget. While progress has been made, critical gaps remain in commitments to certain rights and recognizing local groups' rights and knowledge, particularly around social development and decent work, recognitional equity, and commitments to implement human rights‐based approach principles. Given the influence of these organizations in global public discourse, more comprehensive public commitments to human rights will likely increase compliance with international law, drive organizational change, and help rebuild trust with vulnerable communities.
A first‐in‐human, single and multiple dose study of lunsekimig, a novel anti‐TSLP/anti‐IL‐13 NANOBODY® compound, in healthy volunteers
Authors: Deiteren Annemie , Bontinck Lieselot , Conickx Griet , Vigan Marie , Dervaux Nele , Gassiot Matthieu , Bas Selcuk , Suratt Benjamin , Staudinger Heribert , Krupka Emmanuel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractLunsekimig is a novel, bispecific NANOBODY® molecule that inhibits both thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukin (IL)‐13, two key mediators of asthma pathophysiology. In this first‐in‐human study, we evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and immunogenicity of lunsekimig in healthy adult participants. Participants received single ascending doses (SAD) of lunsekimig (10–400 mg intravenous [IV] or 400 mg subcutaneous [SC]) (SAD part) or multiple ascending doses (MAD part) of lunsekimig (100 or 200 mg, every 2 weeks [Q2W] for three SC doses), or placebo. Overall, 48 participants were randomized 3:1 in the SAD part and 4:1 in the MAD part for lunsekimig or placebo. The primary endpoint was safety and tolerability. The secondary endpoints included PK, antidrug antibodies (ADAs) and total target measurement. Lunsekimig was well tolerated and common treatment‐emergent adverse events were COVID‐19, nasopharyngitis, injection site reactions, and headache. Lunsekimig showed dose‐proportional increases in exposure and linear elimination. Mean t1/2z of lunsekimig was around 10 days across all IV and SC doses of the SAD and MAD parts of the study. Increases in the serum concentration of total TSLP and IL‐13 for lunsekimig versus placebo indicated target engagement. ADA of low titers were detected in four (11.1%) participants who received lunsekimig in the SAD, and seven (43.8%) in the MAD. In conclusion, lunsekimig was well tolerated in healthy participants with a linear PK profile up to single 400 mg IV and SC dose and multiple doses of 100 and 200 mg SC Q2W, with low immunogenicity.
1094. Codonopsis clematidea (Schrenk) C.B.Clarke: Campanulaceae
Authors: Moore Richard , Langhorne Joanna 
Published: June 2024

SummaryCodonopsis clematidea (Schrenk) C.B.Clarke is illustrated here as Plate 1094; its taxonomic history, nomenclature, medicinal properties and notes on its successful cultivation are discussed.
Participation in Special Olympics reduces the rate for developing diabetes in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities
Authors: Lloyd Meghann , Temple Viviene A. , Foley John T. , Yeatman Sharyn , Lunsky Yona , Huang Anjie , Balogh Robert 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimAdults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) have a significantly higher prevalence of Type 2 diabetes than the general population. Evidence that lifestyle and/or behavioural interventions, such as participation in Special Olympics, decreases the risk of developing diabetes in adults with IDD could help minimize health disparities and promote overall health in this population.MethodsThis was a 20‐year retrospective cohort study of adults with IDD (30–39 years) in the province of Ontario, Canada, that compared hazard rates of diabetes among Special Olympics participants (n = 4145) to non‐participants (n = 31,009) using administrative health databases housed at ICES. Using cox proportional hazard models, crude and adjusted hazard ratios were calculated for the association between the primary independent variable (Special Olympics participation status) and the dependent variable (incident diabetes cases).ResultsAfter controlling for other variables, the hazard ratio comparing rates for developing diabetes between Special Olympics participants and non‐participants was 0.85. This represents a 15% reduction in the hazard among Special Olympics participants when followed for up to 20 years. This result was statistically significant and represents a small effect size.ConclusionsSpecial Olympics could be considered a complex intervention that promotes physical activity engagement through sport participation, health screenings, and the promotion of healthy eating habits through educational initiatives. This study provides evidence that Special Olympics participation decreases the rate for developing diabetes.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor impairs circadian regulation in Alzheimer's disease: Potential impact on glymphatic system dysfunction
Authors: Salminen Antero 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCircadian clocks maintain diurnal rhythms of sleep–wake cycle of 24 h that regulate not only the metabolism of an organism but also many other periodical processes. There is substantial evidence that circadian regulation is impaired in Alzheimer's disease. Circadian clocks regulate many properties known to be disturbed in Alzheimer's patients, such as the integrity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) as well as the diurnal glymphatic flow that controls waste clearance from the brain. Interestingly, an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor, that is, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), impairs the function of the core clock proteins and thus could disturb diurnal rhythmicity in the BBB. There is abundant evidence that the activation of AhR signalling inhibits the expression of the major core clock proteins, such as the brain and muscle arnt‐like 1 (BMAL1), clock circadian regulator (CLOCK) and period circadian regulator 1 (PER1) in different experimental models. The expression of AhR is robustly increased in the brains of Alzheimer's patients, and protein level is enriched in astrocytes of the BBB. It seems that AhR signalling inhibits glymphatic flow since it is known that (i) activation of AhR impairs the function of the BBB, which is cooperatively interconnected with the glymphatic system in the brain, and (ii) neuroinflammation and dysbiosis of gut microbiota generate potent activators of AhR, which are able to impair glymphatic flow. I will examine current evidence indicating that activation of AhR signalling could disturb circadian functions of the BBB and impair glymphatic flow and thus be involved in the development of Alzheimer's pathology.
Dominance of African racial ancestry in honey bee colonies of Mexico 30 years after the migration of hybrids from South America
Authors: Aguilar‐Aguilar María de Jesús , Lobo Jorge , Cristóbal‐Pérez E. Jacob , Balvino‐Olvera Francisco J. , Ruiz‐Guzmán Gloria , Quezada‐Euán José Javier G. , Quesada Mauricio 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Africanized honey bee, a hybrid of Apis mellifera scutellata from Africa with European subspecies, has been considered an invasive species and a problem for beekeeping. Africanized bees arrived in Mexico in 1986, 30 years after their accidental release in Brazil. Although government programs were implemented for its eradication, Africanized populations persist in Mexico, but precise information on the patterns of genetic introgression and racial ancestry is scarce. We determined maternal and parental racial ancestry of managed and feral honey bees across the five beekeeping regions of Mexico, using mitochondrial (mtDNA, COI‐COII intergenic region) and nuclear markers (94 ancestrally informative SNPs), to assess the relationship between beekeeping management, beekeeping region, altitude, and latitude with the distribution of maternal and parental racial ancestry. Results revealed a predominantly African ancestry in the Mexican honey bees, but the proportion varied according to management, beekeeping regions, and latitude. The Mexican honey bees showed 31 haplotypes of four evolutionary lineages (A, M, C, and O). Managed honey bees had mitochondrial and nuclear higher proportions of European ancestry than feral honey bees, which had a higher proportion of African ancestry. Beekeeping regions of lower latitudes had higher proportions of African nuclear ancestry. Managed and feral honey bees showed differences in the proportion of maternal and nuclear racial ancestry. Managed honey bees from the Yucatan Peninsula and feral honey bees had a higher mtDNA than nuclear proportions of African ancestry. Managed honey bees, except those on the Yucatan Peninsula, had a higher nuclear than mtDNA proportion of African ancestry. Our study demonstrates that Africanized honey bee populations are genetically diverse and well established in Mexico, which highlights the limitations of management and government programs to contain the Africanization process and demands the incorporation of this lineage in any breeding program for sustainable beekeeping.
Marine predators optimization with deep learning model for video‐based facial expression recognition
Authors: Prasad Mal Hari , Swarnalatha P. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractVideo‐based facial expression recognition (VFER) technique intends to categorize an input video into different kinds of emotions. It remains a challenging issue because of the gap between visual features and emotions, problems in handling the delicate movement of muscles, and restricted datasets. One of the effective solutions to solve this problem is the exploitation of efficient features defining facial expressions to carry out FER. Generally, the VFER find useful in several areas like unmanned driving, venue management, urban safety management, and senseless attendance. Recent advances in computer vision and deep learning (DL) techniques enable the design of automated VFER models. In this aspect, this study establishes a new Marine Predators Optimization with Deep Learning Model for Video‐based Facial Expression Recognition (MPODL‐VFER) technique. The presented MPODL‐VFER technique mainly aims to classify different kinds of facial emotions in the video. To accomplish this, the presented MPODL‐VFER technique derives features using the deep convolutional neural network based densely connected network (DenseNet) model. The presented MPODL‐VFER technique employs MPO technique for the hyperparameter adjustment of the DenseNet model. Finally, Elman Neural Network (ENN) model is exploited for emotion recognition purposes. For assuring the enhanced recognition performance of the MPODL‐VFER approach, a comparison study was developed on benchmark dataset. The comprehensive results have shown the significant outcome of MPODL‐VFER model over other approaches.
Rethinking utility in divorce education: Use of multi‐program evaluation data to uncover markers of post‐divorce adjustment
Authors: Ferraro Anthony J. , Wilkins‐Clark Renée E. , Beckmeyer Jonathon J. , Russell Luke T. , Brimhall Andrew S. , Markham Melinda Stafford 
Published: June 2024

AbstractFor children in the United States, family instability following parental relationship dissolution is common and efforts to promote effective post‐divorce co‐parenting arrangements have grown substantially in recent decades. To help families navigate transitions through the divorce process, most states require divorcing parents to complete divorce education programming. In the present study we used pre‐post data from three divorce education programs (n = 1026 parents) to explore programmatic effects on self‐reported adjustment, intentions to co‐parent, and likelihood to relitigate, and attempt to determine mechanisms that may account for or explain those programmatic effects. Overall, we found support that these programs are able to impact perceived adjustment and co‐parenting intentions. Specifically, we documented small, but significant, increases in perceived adjustment and that post‐program adjustment was associated with greater intentions to engage in supportive co‐parenting with former spouses. Further, co‐parenting intentions were shaped by how useful parents found the programs with greater perceived utility being associated with more positive co‐parenting intentions. The relitigation outcomes, however, were not associated with post‐program adjustment or perceived program utility. Instead, they were primarily associated with pre‐program experiences such as the quality of co‐parenting prior to the program and whether an order of protection was present between co‐parents.
Hurricanes enhance coral connectivity but also superspread coral diseases
Authors: Dobbelaere Thomas , Dekens Apolline , Saint‐Amand Antoine , Alaerts Lauranne , Holstein Daniel M. , Hanert Emmanuel 
Published: June 2024

AbstractClimate change poses an existential threat to coral reefs. A warmer and more acidic ocean weakens coral ecosystems and increases the intensity of hurricanes. The wind–wave–current interactions during a hurricane deeply change the ocean circulation patterns and hence potentially affect the dispersal of coral larvae and coral disease agents. Here, we modeled the impact of major hurricane Irma (September 2017) on coral larval and stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) connectivity in Florida's Coral Reef. We coupled high‐resolution coastal ocean circulation and wave models to simulate the dispersal of virtual coral larvae and disease agents between thousands of reefs. While being a brief event, our results suggest the passage of hurricane Irma strongly increased the probability of long‐distance exchanges while reducing larval supply. It created new connections that could promote coral resilience but also probably accelerated the spread of SCTLD by about a month. As they become more intense, hurricanes' double‐edged effect will become increasingly pronounced, contributing to increased variability in transport patterns and an accelerated rate of change within coral reef ecosystems.