bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Des représentations du naturel à la naturalité marchande
Authors: Thevenot Géraldine 
Published: March 2015

L’engouement pour le naturel est réel sur le marché : mais quel en est le sens pour un bien marchand et quels sont les leviers dont disposent les firmes pour l’utiliser ? Confrontant le concept de naturel à la littérature et aux représentations sociales, nous proposons de déterminer les axes de la naturalité et de caractériser ce que l’on peut entendre par l’idée de positionnement naturel. Trois études qualitatives permettent de montrer que la naturalité se décline en quatre composantes centrales – sensorielle, santé, écologique ou temporelle – et que le processus de naturalisation fait converger offre et demande vers une démarche éthique, réduisant le risque de maquillage naturel.
Casting de consommateurs : une exposition des « vrais gens » au service de la communication des marques
Authors: Reniou Fanny 
Published: March 2015

Cette recherche s’intéresse aux consommateurs qui postulent à des castings de marques pour figurer dans leurs communications publicitaires. A la faveur d’une étude qualitative, elle vise à mieux comprendre les ressorts de cette pratique marketing qui conduit les individus ordinaires à s’exposer physiquement. Sur la base des caractéristiques des castings et des motivations des consommateurs à y participer, quatre formes d’exposition de soi sont identifiées : « exhibition », « diffusion », « légitimation » et « marchandisation ». A leur manière, ces expositions de soi permettent aux consommateurs de développer leur personal branding et aux marques de dynamiser leur relation client. Des recommandations sont enfin proposées aux entreprises désireuses d’organiser des castings, en termes de contribution à recueillir, de rétribution à offrir et de mode d’attribution à privilégier.
La fréquentation des magasins de déstockage alimentaire. Une nouvelle façon d’arbitrer ses dépenses
Authors: Lacour Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2015

Le consommateur a de plus en plus tendance à modifier ses arbitrages budgétaires en réduisant ses dépenses alimentaires. Pour répondre à cette demande de prix bas, de nouveaux formats de distribution apparaissent. Parmi ceux-ci, les magasins de déstockage alimentaire connaissent un succès croissant. Ces magasins proposent des produits en fin de vie avec des réductions de prix de plus de 30%. Une étude qualitative a été réalisée afin d’identifier les motivations et les freins des consommateurs fréquentant ce type de magasins. Une typologie des magasineurs a été établie et trois catégories ont pu être identifiées : les routiniers, les occasionnels et les experts.
« Couvrez cette mort que je ne saurais voir » : du rapport singulier entre consommateurs seniors et objets d’occasion
Authors: Dehling Aurélie 
Published: March 2015

La consommation d’occasion est aujourd’hui la première tendance de consommation émergente : cet article propose d’observer et de comprendre les perceptions et comportements des consommateurs seniors, moteurs de l’économie de demain, à l’endroit de cette consommation alternative. Après avoir montré la singularité de leurs perceptions et comportements, cet article met en avant un effet-miroir articulant de façon positive ou négative la relation entre objets et consommateurs vieillissants. Des recommandations sont ensuite proposées aux professionnels du secteur afin de maximiser l’attractivité de leur offre de seconde main auprès des consommateurs de 55 ans et plus.
Cartographies génériques, spatiales et identitaires en Afrique du Sud : Margie Orford, Lauren Beukes, Henrietta Rose-Innes
Authors: Joseph-Vilain Mélanie 
Published: March 2015

This article examines how three South African novelists, Margie Orford, Lauren Beukes and Henrietta Rose-Innes, use crime fiction to write their country. After a brief survey of the rapid development of crime fiction in South Africa and of the critical response it received, the article proposes a reading of Like Clockwork, Zoo City and Nineveh, whereby their respective contribution to crime fiction displays three major features : first, Orford’s novel chimes in with generic conventions ; second, Beukes’s novel combines features borrowed from both crime fiction and science fiction ; and last, Rose-Innes’s novel displaces the detective story narrative into a context where « murder » is invested with a symbolic meaning. By handling the investigation theme in a variety of ways, the three novelists adapt it to the South African context and besides show that the feminine body fits in more or less problematically within the space of the city and of the nation.
Les inégalités d’accès aux ressources urbaines dans des quartiers périphériques en mutation nouvellement desservis par le Transmilenio à Bogotá (Colombie)
Authors: Dureau Françoise , Gouëset Vincent , Le Roux Guillaume , Lulle Thierry 
Published: March 2015

L’ampleur des changements urbains et de l’amélioration de l’offre de transport dans le secteur de la Calle 80, qui a bénéficié d’une des premières lignes de bus à haut niveau de service construites en Amérique latine, font de ce quartier périphérique de Bogotá un lieu privilégié pour étudier les inégalités d’accès aux ressources urbaines. L’analyse de deux recensements et d’une enquête biographique sur les mobilités spatiales montre que l’accessibilité des habitants aux ressources de la ville est caractérisée par une double évolution. D’un côté, les populations peu mobiles trouvent aujourd’hui sur place une gamme étendue de biens et de services : elles bénéficient indirectement de l’amélioration de l’accessibilité spatiale, qui a attiré sur place des populations diversifiées ayant contribué à la transformation du quartier. De l’autre, ceux qui doivent ou souhaitent sortir du quartier, pour travailler, étudier ou d’autres motifs, peuvent le faire plus facilement et mobiliser ainsi les ressources de l’ensemble de la ville : ils bénéficient directement de l’amélioration des offres de transport et de logement, non seulement dans leur position sociale actuelle, mais aussi dans leurs perspectives de développement personnel et familial.
Agadir et ses espaces ruraux sous influence urbaine : stratégies d’acteurs et nouveaux lieux mondialisés
Authors: Ben Attou Mohamed , Semmoud Bouziane 
Published: March 2015

Les espaces ruraux sous influence urbaine d’Agadir vivent des mutations profondes en rapport avec une dynamique économique et urbaine mondialisée. Le regard croisé ville-campagne / campagne-ville passe par l’analyse des jeux d’acteurs économiques et sociopolitiques autour d’enjeux majeurs : l’agro-industrie exportatrice, le tourisme international et un enjeu foncier de taille induit par la croissance métropolitaine d’Agadir. Ces stratégies varient selon le poids, l’ancrage territorial des acteurs et leur capacité d’alterner alliances et concurrence. Les acteurs économiques majeurs, transnationaux pour la plupart, impliqués ou non dans la vie politique locale ou nationale, mobilisent simultanément ressources urbaines et rurales. La concentration capitaliste ne laisse aux petits acteurs que des marges de manoeuvre réduites. L’intégration excessive et subordonnée à l’économie mondiale produit certes une réussite économique remarquable, mais aggrave une vulnérabilité socioéconomique et environnementale préjudiciable à tout développement durable.
Can we use surface wind fields from meteorological reanalyses for Sahelian dust emission simulations?
Authors: Largeron Yann , Guichard Francoise , Bouniol Dominique , Couvreux Fleur , Kergoat Laurent , Marticorena Béatrice 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Sahel is prone to intense soil erosion, and the dust emission flux is very sensitive to the surface wind speed. In this study, we use high‐frequency observations acquired across the Sahel to assess the ability of three global reanalyses (ERA‐interim, NCEP‐CFSR and MERRA) to capture the observed surface wind events that are critical to wind erosion. ERA‐Interim is shown to perform best. However, all three reanalyses present a too flat annual cycle, with important season‐dependent biases: they overestimate the surface wind during dry season nights and underestimate it during spring and monsoon season days. More importantly, the strongest wind speeds, observed in the morning and during deep convective events, are systematically underestimated. As analyzed wind fields are one of the main inputs of many dust emission models, their too low fraction of high wind speeds will lead to major errors in dust emission simulations.
Energetic electron response to interplanetary shocks at geosynchronous orbit
Authors: Liu Y. , Zong Q.‐G. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractInterplanetary (IP) shocks have great impacts on Earth's magnetosphere, especially in causing global dynamic changes of energetic particles. In order to study the response of energetic electrons (50keV–1.5MeV) at geosynchronous orbit to IP shocks, we have systematically analyzed 215 IP shock events based on ACE, GOES, and LANL observations during 1998–2007. Our study shows that after the shock arrival low‐energy electron fluxes increase at geosynchronous orbit. However, in higher energy channels fluxes show smaller increases and eventually become unchanged or even decrease. The oscillations of electron fluxes following the shock arrival have also been studied in this paper. Statistical analysis revealed a frequency preference for 2.2 mHz and 3.3 mHz oscillations of energetic electron fluxes. The amplitude of these oscillations is larger under southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) than under northward IMF. Furthermore, oscillations from high‐energy and low‐energy electron fluxes show different phase characteristics and power distributions. The phase angles of the oscillations are the same in the dawn, dusk, and noon sectors for low‐energy channels (50–500keV), while they have a difference between two adjacent local time sectors for high‐energy channels (0.5–1.5MeV). The wave power distribution of electron fluxes shows different dawn‐dusk asymmetries for low‐energy channels and high‐energy channels. The results presented in this paper provide an energetic particle point of view of the magnetospheric response to the interplanetary shock impact.
Quantification of volcanic cloud top heights and thicknesses using A‐train observations for the 2008 Chaitén eruption
Authors: Prata A. T. , Siems S. T. , Manton M. J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNew evidence of vertically thin (< 400 m), low‐level (< 10 km) volcanic ash clouds, as well as confirmation of previously reported high‐level (>10 km) ash clouds, from the May 2008 Chaitén eruption in southern Chile is presented. A‐train remote sensors were used to measure high‐resolution volcanic cloud top heights (VCTHs) during the explosive phase (2–10 May 2008) of the eruption. Ash clouds were identified using a reverse absorption technique applied to hyperspectral measurements taken by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder. Once identified, heights and thicknesses were derived from the Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument. As these two instruments are part of the same constellation of satellites, coincident retrievals are routinely possible. Collocation of the data allowed for detection of volcanic ash within CALIOP profiles. Using a simple thresholding algorithm, VCTH and thickness were derived from the CALIOP profiles. A total of 12 VCTH measurements, ranging from 3.7 to 16.6 km, have been derived. Back trajectories from the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory dispersion model were used as a check on volcanic origin of the detected ash clouds. Ensemble forward trajectories were generated to demonstrate how the new data could be used to improve Volcanic Ash Advisory Center operations. The findings reported here demonstrate several cases where low‐level ash was not recorded previously and include observations of thin ash clouds at large distances (∼4000 km) from the volcano.
Quantifying sensitivities of ice crystal number and sources of ice crystal number variability in CAM 5.1 using the adjoint of a physically based cirrus formation parameterization
Authors: Sheyko B. A. , Sullivan S. C. , Morales R. , Capps S. L. , Barahona D. , Shi X. , Liu X. , Nenes A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe present the adjoint of a cirrus formation parameterization that computes the sensitivity of ice crystal number concentration to updraft velocity, aerosol, and ice deposition coefficient. The adjoint is driven by simulations from the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1 CAM 5.1 to understand the sensitivity of formed ice crystal number concentration to 13 variables and quantify which contribute to its variability. Sensitivities of formed ice crystal number concentration to updraft velocity, sulfate number, and is sufficient but sulfate number concentration is low, indicating a sulfate‐limited regime. Outside of the tropics, competition between homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation may shift annually averaged sensitivities to higher magnitudes, when infrequent strong updrafts shift crystal production away from purely heterogeneous nucleation. Outside the tropics, updraft velocity is responsible for approximately 52.70% of the ice crystal number variability. In the tropics, sulfate number concentration and updraft jointly control variability in formed crystal number concentration. Insoluble aerosol species play a secondary, but still important, role in influencing the variability in crystal concentrations, with coarse‐mode dust being the largest contributor at nearly 50% in certain regions. On a global scale, more than 95% of the temporal variability in crystal number concentration can be described by temperature, updraft velocity, sulfate number, and coarse‐mode dust number concentration.
A direct simulation demonstrating the role of spacial heterogeneity in determining anomalous diffusive transport
Authors: Voller Vaughan R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTypically the spreading length‐scale in a diffusion process increases in time as
. In the presence of spatial heterogeneities, however, so‐called anomalous diffusion can occur, here the time exponent
. The objective of this paper is to present a numerical simulation that directly demonstrates the link between spacial heterogeneity and anomalous diffusion. The simulation is of the infiltration of a fluid into a horizontal unit area Hele‐Shaw cell in which the permeability at specified locations, laid out as a Sierpinski fractal carpet pattern, can differ from the nominal value K = 1. When there is no permeability contrast, the fluid infiltration has a diffusion‐like behavior, i.e., the filled plan‐form area increases in time as
. When there is a permeability contrast, however, although the evolution of infiltration still follows a power law, anomalous behavior is observed; subdiffusive (
) when K < 1 and superdiffusive (
) when K > 1. These anomalous behaviors persist, even when the permeability contrast is only imposed over the largest sized fractal pattern element. But, if the pattern over which the permeability contrast is imposed has a subdomain length scale (obtained by filling in the largest sized element in the Sierpinski carpet with the smaller sized elements), normal diffusion
behavior is recovered. In the special case that the imposed permeability in the pattern elements is
, an approximate model, directly relating the coefficient and exponent in the infiltration power law to the porosity and fractal dimension of the carpet pattern, is derived and validated.
Structural Aspects of Compounds ContainingCE(EGe,Sn,Pb) Bonds
Authors: Mackay Kenneth M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionSimple Tetravalent SpeciesUnstrained Rings Containing Four‐Coordinate IsolatedEElement(IV) Species with Coordination Numbers Above FourOrgano‐E(IV) Compounds of Transition MetalsCompounds ContainingEEOREE′ Bonds:E = Ge,SnorPb;E′ = Si,Ge,SnorPbDivalent Species and Lower Valent ClustersDoubly Bonded Germanium, Tin and Lead
Synthesis ofM(IV) Organometallic Compounds, whereM = Ge,Sn,Pb
Authors: Tsangaris John M. , Willem Rudolph , Gielen Marcel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOrganogermanium(IV), Organotin(IV) and Organolead(IV) Compounds Containing at Least OneMCσ‐ or π‐Bond and/orMMBondOrganometallic Hydrides of Germanium(IV), Tin(IV) and Lead(IV)Organometallic Halides of Germanium(IV), Tin(IV) and Lead(IV)
The Electrochemistry of Alkyl Compounds of Germanium, Tin and Lead
Authors: Michman Michael 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTerms and AbbreviationsIntroductionElectrosynthesis of Alkylmetallic CompoundsAnodic AlkylationCathodic SynthesisElectrodic Reactions of Group 14 AlkylmetalsAnalysisComplexes of Group 14 MetalsElectrodic Reactions of Bimetallic Metalalkyls and ArylsCompounds with Macrocyclic LigandsGroup 14 Elements in Cluster CompoundsElectrocatalysisMechanistic Studies of Electron Transfer, Concerning Organic Compounds of Group 14 ElementsEffect of Group 14 Atoms on Energy Levels of Proximal BondsPolymersTechnical Applications of Special Materials
The Photochemistry of Organometallic Compounds of Germanium and Lead
Authors: Gordon Charles M. , Long Conor 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Introduction

Metal Alkyl Compounds

Allyl‐Substituted Compounds

Phenyl and Aromatic Systems

Multihaptic Systems

Metalloketones

Amides, Azides and Diazo Compounds

Heterocyclic Systems

Metal–Metal Bonded Species

Heterometallic Systems

Mercuric Systems
The Synthesis of Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acids and their Derivatives: Non‐Functionalized Acids
Authors: Edmundson R. S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe Formation ofPC(sp3) Bonds. Syntheses of Alkyl, Cycloalkyl and Aralkyl Phosphonic and Phosphinic AcidsThe Formation ofPC(sp2) Bonds. Syntheses of Alkenyl and Alkadienyl Phosphonic and Phosphinic AcidsThe Formation ofPC(sp) Bonds. Syntheses of Alkynyl Phosphonic and Phosphinic AcidsThe Formation ofPC(Aromatic) Bonds. Syntheses of Aryl Phosphonic and Phosphinic AcidsSyntheses of Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acids by Modification Procedures
The Synthesis of Functionalized Phosphinic and Phosphonic Acids and their Derivatives. Part A: Halo, Hydroxy, Epoxy, Mercapto, Carboxy and Oxo Functionalized Acids
Authors: Edmundson R. S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionHalo‐Phosphonic and ‐Phosphinic AcidsHydroxy‐Phosphonic and ‐Phosphinic AcidsEpoxy‐Phosphonic and ‐Phosphinic AcidsMercapto‐Phosphonic and ‐Phosphinic AcidsPhosphonoyl‐ and Phosphinoyl‐Alkanoic Acids and their DerivativesOxoalkyl‐Phosphonic and ‐Phosphinic Acids
The Synthesis of Functionalized Phosphinic and Phosphonic Acids and their Derivatives. PartB: Diazo, Nitro and Amino Functionalized Acids
Authors: Edmundson R. S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionDiazoalkyl‐Phosphonic and ‐Phosphinic AcidsNitroalkyl‐Phosphonic and ‐Phosphinic AcidsAminoalkyl‐Phosphonic and ‐Phosphinic Acids
Properties and Reactions of Phosphonic and Phosphinic Acids and their Derivatives
Authors: Edmundson R. S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe Role of the Phosphoryl (PZ)(Z = O,S,SeORTe)GroupCleavage of the Phosphorus—Carbon BondReactions and Properties of the Carbon Ligands: The Functional GroupsReactions and Properties of the Carbon Ligands: The Carbon SkeletonDisplacement Reactions of Non‐Carbon Ligands at Phosphorus
Acylphosphonates and their Derivatives
Authors: Breuer Eli 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionAcylphosphonatesEnols, Thioenols and Enamines Related to Acylphosphonates and their DerivativesImine Derivatives of AcylphosphonatesBiological Aspects of Acylphosphonates and DerivativesAcknowledgements
Thermochemistry of Amines, Nitroso Compounds, Nitro Compounds and Related Species*Contribution from the US government. Not subject to copyright.
Authors: Liebman Joel F. , Campbell Mary Stinecipher , Slayden Suzanne W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionCorrelations of Enthalpies of Formation of Alkyl Nitrogen‐Containing CompoundsAliphatic and Alicyclic MonoaminesAnilines and other Aromatic AminesPolyaminesNitroso CompoundsAromatic Nitro CompoundsNitro Compounds as Explosives
UV‐Visible Spectra and Photoacidity of Phenols, Naphthols and Pyrenols
Authors: Pines Ehud 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe Thermodynamic Aspects of PhotoacidityOn the Origin of PhotoacidityThe Electronic Structure of PhotoacidsFree‐Energy Correlations Between Photoacidity and ReactivityConcluding Remarks: Evaluation of our Current Understanding of the Photoacidity of Hydroxyarenes
Electrophilic Reactions of Phenols
Authors: Prakash Reddy V. , Surya Prakash G. K. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionFriedel–Crafts AlkylationFriedel–Crafts AcylationsNitration and NitrosationFries and Related RearrangementsElectrophilic HalogenationPhenol–Dienone Rearrangements
Photochemistry of Phenols
Authors: Horspool William M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntroductionGeneral ObservationsHydrogen Transfer ReactionsChalconesQuinonemethides from Phenol DerivativesCyclizations withino‐AllylphenolsRearrangementsCarbene FormationCycloadditionsMiscellaneous Additions and EliminationsHydroxycarboxylic AcidsOxidations
Coordination Chemistry and Applications of Salen, Salan and Salalen Metal Complexes
Authors: Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane , Dagorne Samuel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe present contribution summarizes and highlights the essential coordination features and applications of salen‐supported metal complexes. The use of salen complexes in homogeneous (and asymmetric) catalysis constitutes a major part of this chapter as salen‐type (and closely related) ligands have undoubtedly established themselves as “privileged” supporting ligands in catalysis over the past 20 years.The interest of such tetradentate chelating ligands in various other applications, including the suitability of salen metal complexes for medical applications and as building blocks for the synthesis of well‐defined polymetallic assemblies, will also be briefly discussed.
Swedish Legal Professionals' Opinions on Child and Adult Witness Memory‐reporting Capabilities: Using the Method of Indirect Comparisons
Authors: Knutsson Jens , Allwood Carl Martin 
Published: March 2015

SummaryLegal professionals' opinions about the memory abilities of child and adult witnesses are important in the legal process. We surveyed 266 legal professionals (Swedish police, prosecutors, and attorneys) and 33 lay judges about their beliefs about child and adult eyewitnesses' recall and metacognitive abilities. Prior research has usually asked for direct comparisons of children and adults but this may be rare in forensic practice. The respondents completed a story questionnaire (about a 9‐ or 45‐year‐old person witnessing an event), allowing indirect, or researcher‐made, comparisons. In contrast to previous research (direct comparisons), our participants mostly rated children and adults to be on an equal level, but within‐group consensus was low. Also, fairly few differences emerged between the groups' beliefs. Finally, the participants' opinions in our study were less in line with results from eyewitness research, compared with previous research using direct comparisons. Implications for legal and research practice are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.