bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered immunometabolism at the interface of increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Lenin Raji , Sankaramoorthy Aravind , Mohan Viswanathan , Balasubramanyam Muthuswamy 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The mechanism of perturbed immune function in patients with T2DM is poorly understood. Recent studies imply a role for ER stress in linking immune-system alterations and metabolism. Here, we investigated whether ER stress markers and its downstream effector signals are altered in patients with type 2 diabetes along with proinflammatory augmentation. In our study, gene and protein expression of ER stress markers (GRP-78, PERK, IRE1α, ATF6, XBP-1 and CHOP) was elevated significantly (P &lt; 0.05) in PBMCs from T2DM patients compared with control subjects. The mRNA expression of both the proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and oxidative stress markers (p22phox, TXNIP, and TRPC-6; P &lt; 0.05) was also increased in PBMCs from patients with T2DM. SOCS3 mRNA expression was reduced significantly (P &lt; 0.05) in diabetes patients. mRNA expression of most of the ER stress markers from PBMCs correlated significantly and positively with poor glycemic control, dyslipidemia, IR, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Chronic ER stress in PBMCs from patients with T2DM was evident from the increased caspase-3 activity (P &lt; 0.01), which is an executioner of apoptosis. Along with an impairment of miR-146a levels, the downstream targets of miR-146a, viz., IRAK1 and TRAF6 mRNA levels, were also elevated significantly (P &lt; 0.01) in patients with T2DM. There was an inverse relationship among miR-146a levels and ER stress markers, inflammatory markers, and glycemic control. We demonstrate evidence of increased ER stress markers with impaired miR-146a levels and increased proinflammatory signals in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Chemotherapy Response Score: Development and Validation of a System to Quantify Histopathologic Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Tubo-Ovarian High-Grade Serous Carcinoma
Authors: Böhm Steffen , Faruqi Asma , Said Ian , Lockley Michelle , Brockbank Elly , Jeyarajah Arjun , Fitzpatrick Amanda , Ennis Darren , Dowe Thomas , Santos Jennifer L. , Cook Linda S. , Tinker Anna V. , Le Nhu D. , Gilks C. Blake , Singh Naveena 
Published: June 2015

Purpose To develop and validate a histopathologic scoring system for measuring response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in interval debulking surgery specimens of stage IIIC to IV tubo-ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma. Patients and Methods A six-tier histopathologic scoring system was proposed and applied to a test cohort (TC) of 62 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery. Adnexal and omental sections were independently scored by three pathologists. On the basis of TC results, a three-tier chemotherapy response score (CRS) system was developed and applied to an independent validation cohort of 71 patients. Results The initial system showed moderate interobserver reproducibility and prognostic stratification of TC patients when applied to the omentum but not to the adnexa. Condensed to a three-tier score, the system was highly reproducible (kappa, 0.75). When adjusted for age, stage, and debulking status, the score predicted progression-free survival (PFS; score 2 v 3; median PFS, 11.3 v 32.1 months; adjusted hazard ratio, 6.13; 95% CI, 2.13 to 17.68; P < .001). The three-tier CRS system applied to omental samples from the validation cohort showed high reproducibility (kappa, 0.67) and predicted PFS (CRS 1 and 2 v 3: median, 12 v 18 months; adjusted hazard ratio, 3.60; 95% CI, 1.69 to 7.66; P < .001). CRS 3 also predicted sensitivity to first-line platinum therapy (94.3% negative predictive value for progression < 6 months). A Web site was established to train pathologists to use the CRS system. Conclusion The CRS system is reproducible and shows prognostic significance for high-grade serous carcinoma. Implementation in international pathology reporting has been proposed by the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting, and the system could potentially have an impact on patient care and research.
Accountable Care Organizations in California: Market Forces at Work?
Authors: Whaley Christopher , Frech H. E. , Scheffler Richard M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Accountable care organizations (ACOs), one of the most recent and promising health care delivery innovations, encourage care coordination among providers. While ACOs hold promise for decreasing costs by reducing unnecessary procedures, improving resource use as a result of economies of scale and scope, ACOs also raise concerns about provider market power. This study examines the market-level competition factors that are associated with ACO participation and the number of ACOs. Using data from California, we find that higher levels of preexisting managed care leads to higher ACO entry and enrollment growth, while hospital concentration leads to fewer ACOs and lower enrollment. We find interesting results for physician market power — markets with concentrated physician markets have a smaller share of individuals in commercial ACOs but a larger number of commercial ACO organizations. This finding implies smaller ACOs in these markets.
The Economics of Provider Payment Reform: Are Accountable Care Organizations the Answer?
Authors: Feldman Roger 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
A remarkable consensus has developed that the fee-for-service (FFS) approach for paying medical providers must be replaced. This payment approach is said to increase the volume of services without improving care coordination. In response to these calls, Medicare and private payers are experimenting with payment systems that combine the basic element of FFS — a fee for each service — with arrangements that allow providers to share the savings if they hold total spending per patient below a targeted amount. Medicare's accountable care organizations (ACOs) embody the shared savings approach to payment reform. Private payers have introduced total cost of care contracting (TCOC) in several locations. This article questions the consensus that FFS must go. If the fees are too high, then someone needs to “bite the bullet” and reduce fees in key areas. Hoping to control overspending by investment in ACOs is wishful thinking. I describe the theory and practice of shared savings payment systems and summarize recent TCOC contracting initiatives in the private sector. Medicare's shared savings approach is likely to be less effective than private contracts. Cutting providers' fees would be more efficient. Finally, the new payment models in the Affordable Care Act will not ease the problem of high prices for private payers.
Review of Medicare, Medicaid, and Commercial Quality of Care Measures: Considerations for Assessing Accountable Care Organizations
Authors: Kessell Eric , Pegany Vishaal , Keolanui Beth , Fulton Brent D. , Scheffler Richard M. , Shortell Stephen M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAccountable care organizations (ACOs) have proliferated under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). If ACOs are to improve health care quality and lower costs, quality measures will be increasingly important in determining if provider consolidations associated with the development of ACOs are achieving their intended purpose. This article assesses quality measurement across public and private sectors. We reviewed available quality measures for a subset of programs in six organizations and assessed the number and domain of measures (structure, process, outcomes, and patient experience). Two-thirds of all quality measures were categorized as process measures. Outcome measures made up nearly 20 percent of measures. Patient experience and structure measures made up approximately 8 percent and 7 percent, respectively. We propose further improvements to quality measurement initiatives. For example, programs that reward providers should consider reward size and distribution within the organization. Quality improvement initiatives should consider what encourages provider buy-in and participation and the effects on populations with disproportionate health care needs. As the focus of quality initiatives may change from year to year, measures should be periodically revisited to ensure continued improvement and sustainability. Finally, we suggest quality measures that regulators could use prior to ACO formation or in the year or two following formation.
Seasonal sea ice changes in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica, over the period of 1979–2014
Authors: Stammerjohn S. E. , Maksym T. , Massom R. A. , Lowry K. E. , Arrigo K. R. , Yuan X. , Raphael M. , Randall-Goodwin E. , Sherrell R. M. , Yager P. L. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Recent attention has focused on accelerated glacial losses along the Amundsen Sea coast that result from changes in atmosphere and ocean circulation, with sea ice playing a mediating but not well-understood role. Here, we investigated how sea ice has changed in the Amundsen Sea over the period of 1979 to 2014, focusing on spatio-temporal changes in ice edge advance/retreat and percent sea ice cover in relation to changes in winds. In contrast to the widespread sea ice decreases to the east and increases to the west of the Amundsen Sea, sea ice changes in the Amundsen Sea were confined to three areas: (i) offshore of the shelf break, (ii) the southern Pine Island Polynya, and (iii) the eastern Amundsen Sea Polynya. Offshore, a 2-month decrease in ice season duration coincided with seasonal shifts in wind speed and direction from March to May (relating to later ice advance) and from September to August (relating to earlier retreat), consistent with reported changes in the depth/location of the Amundsen Sea Low. In contrast, sea ice decreases in the polynya areas corresponded to episodic or step changes in spring ice retreat (earlier by 1–2 months) and were coincident with changes to Thwaites Iceberg Tongue (located between the two polynyas) and increased southeasterly winds. Temporal correlations among these three areas were weak, indicating different local forcing and/or differential response to large-scale forcing. Although our analysis has shown that part of the variability can be explained by changes in winds or to the coastal icescape, an additional but unknown factor is how sea ice has responded to changes in ocean heat and freshwater inputs. Unraveling cause and effect, critical for predicting changes to this rapidly evolving ocean-ice shelf-sea ice system, will require in situ observations, along with improved remote sensing capabilities and ocean modeling.
Assessment in the music classroom: Inherent challenges and the PISA problematic
Authors: Chrystosomou Smaragda 
Published: June 2015

Assessment and evaluation is inherent in teaching and learning. At the same time, innate in the notion of assessment and evaluation is the goal to improve something and not simply to understand it. Evaluation and assessment in the arts’ classrooms is controversial and often discussions on issues related to the ‘how’ and the ‘what’ of assessment in arts education, lead to heated philosophical debates. The importance and ambiguity of the issue of assessment and evaluation in music education has led this writer to explore the views of Greek music teachers (future and in-service). The results of a small scale inquiry that are presented here, revealed a pattern that mirrored the general discussion on issues from around the world in relation to assessment in music education. In the last part of this paper The Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is discussed under the light that is shed by issues of validity and homogeneity that have occurred. Also, the role and suitability of the arts within such an institution and with the use of such tools is considered.
Taperosis
Authors: Del Balso C. , Teeter M. G. , Tan S. C. , Lanting B. A. , Howard J. L. 
Published: June 2015

Tribocorrosion at the head–neck taper interface – so-called ‘taperosis’ – may be a source of metal ions and particulate debris in metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty (THA). We examined the effect of femoral head length on fretting and corrosion in retrieved head–neck tapers in vivo for a minimum of two years (mean 8.7 years; 2.6 to 15.9). A total of 56 femoral heads ranging from 28 mm to 3 mm to 28 mm + 8 mm, and 17 femoral stems featuring a single taper design were included in the study. Fretting and corrosion were scored in three horizontally oriented concentric zones of each taper by stereomicroscopy. Head length was observed to affect fretting (p = 0.03), with 28 mm + 8 mm femoral heads showing greater total fretting scores than all other head lengths. The central zone of the femoral head bore taper was subject to increased fretting damage (p = 0.01), regardless of head length or stem offset. High-offset femoral stems were associated with greater total fretting of the bore taper (p = 0.04). Increased fretting damage is seen with longer head lengths and high-offset femoral stems, and occurs within a central concentric zone of the femoral head bore taper. Further investigation is required to determine the effect of increased head size, and variations in head–neck taper design. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015; 97-B:911–16.
Calcaneal fractures: selection bias is key
Authors: Pearce C. J. , Wong K. L. , Calder J. D. F. 
Published: June 2015

In this paper, we critically appraise the recent publication of the United Kingdom Heel Fracture Trial, which concluded that when patients with an absolute indication for surgery were excluded, there was no advantage of surgical over non-surgical treatment in the management of calcaneal fractures. We believe that selection bias in that study did not permit the authors to reach a firm conclusion that surgery was not justified for most intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:880–2.
Potential distribution of Monotropa uniflora as a surrogate for range of Monotropoideae (Ericaceae) in South Asia
Authors: PRADHAN PRAKASH 
Published: June 2015

Pradhan P. 2015. Potential distribution of Monotropa uniflora as a surrogate for range of Monotropoideae (Ericaceae) in South Asia. Biodiversitas 16: 109-115. Monotropoideae is a mycoheterotrophic subfamily of Ericaceae. Its members are highly specific to a particular fungal family, which has attributed to the rarity and limited distribution of Monotropoideae. In the past two decades, there are considerable developments in understanding their biology and biogeography, among which,the distribution of Monotropa uniflora L. and M. hypopitys L. has been extensively studied. In this contribution, Ecological Niche Modeling of M. uniflora has been conducted to test its earlier proposed distribution in South Asia, to test the spatial scale of the said proposal, to test its potential distribution as a surrogate for range of Monotropoideae in South Asia and to prioritize conservation areas for M. uniflora in the region. The model was built with five occurrence details of the rare plant M. uniflora in Western and Eastern Himalaya, in relation to 19 bioclimatic explanatory variables, performed in MaxEnt. The results show the good performance of the model with the training AUC of 0.994. 1,50,316 square Km. of suitable areas have been predicted for the growth of M. uniflora (IHS â‰¥0.5) in South Asia, many areas of which is in line with earlier distributional reports. The bioclimatic variables are able to predict and suitably justify the spatial distribution of M. uniflora. The predicted range of the species could be established for potential distribution of other Asian Monotropoids like Monotropastrum and Cheilotheca.
Key words: Ecological Niche Modeling, Himalaya, MaxEnt, Mycoheterotrophy, Russulaceae
A new record of plant parasitic green algae, Cephaleuros diffusus (Trentepohliaceae, Chlorophyta), on Acacia auriculiformis hosts in Thailand
Authors: SUNPAPAO ANURAG , PITALOKA MUTIARA K 
Published: June 2015

Sunpapao A, Pitaloka MK. 2015. A new record of plant parasitic green algae, Cephaleuros diffusus (Trentepohliaceae, Chlorophyta), on Acacia auriculiformis hosts in Thailand. Biodiversitas 16: 116-120. Cephaleuros diffusus algae were found to cause leaf spot disease of the host Acacia auriculiformis. The identification was based on morphological and molecular properties. The observed morphology identified the algae as C. diffusus. Transverse sections of the host leaves were used to quantify the disease severity of the host in terms of a four-point necrosis index. The hostâ€™s lesions were subcuticular and subepidermal on the upper leaf surfaces. The identification of the algae was confirmed from molecular analysis, and a phylogenetic tree distinguished our samples from other Cephaleuros species. This is the first report of C. diffusus on Acacia auriculiformis in Thailand.
Key words: Cephaleuros, disease severity, morphology, necrosis, phylogenetic analysis
Genetic diversity of patchouli cultivated in Bali as detected using ISSR and RAPD markers
Authors: PHARMAWATI MADE , CANDRA I PUTU 
Published: June 2015

Pharmawati M, Candra IP. 2015. Genetic diversity of patchouli cultivated in Bali as detected using ISSR and RAPD markers. Biodiversitas 16: 132-138. Patchouli is a bushy herb that has strong scent. Patchouli's oil is extracted from patchouli leaves and used asperfumes, incense and traditional medicines. Centre of patchouli cultivation in Bali is in Badung District, however it is also grown inother area such as Buleleng District. The patchouli plant from Aceh ((Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth) is considered as a better plantspecies due to its high quality oil. Java patchouli (Pogostemon heyneanus) has lower quality. Molecular marker was used to detectdiversity of patchouli grown in Bali. Leave samples of patchouli from 12 areas in Badung and Buleleng District were collected. Theareas included Lemukih, Wanagiri, Pupuan, Belok, Mekarsari, Nungnung, Plaga, Sidan, Mengwi, Lukluk, Abiansemal and Jegu.Patchouli samples of Lhokseumawe, Tapak Tuan, Sidikalang and Java were obtained from Research Institute of Spices and MedicinalPlants, Bogor, Indonesia. DNA was extracted using CTAB buffer. Seven ISSR primers and five RAPD primers produced scorable bandsand used for diversity and cluster analyses. The dendrogram showed that patchoulis grown in Bali are group together, separated fromJava patchouli. This support observation based on leaf morphology, that they belong to Aceh patchouli. The patchouli grown in Balishowed low genetic diversity with Nei and Liâ€™s similarity in the range of 0.857 to 0.989.
Keywords: Bali, genetic diversity, ISSR, patchouli, RAPD
Not playing any more: A qualitative investigation of why amateur musicians cease or continue membership of performing ensembles
Authors: Pitts Stephanie E. , Robinson Katharine , Goh Kunshan 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
The benefits and pleasures of musical participation are reasonably well known, and yet the number of adults engaging in these activities is only a small proportion of those who learn instruments and participate during their school years. This article reports on three linked studies that investigated the experiences of ‘lapsed’ participants: those who had sought out opportunities for playing in adulthood, before deciding to withdraw for a range of reasons. These reasons are explored through the profiles of the ‘enthusiastic returner’, ‘reluctant retiree’, ‘stressed withdrawer’, ‘tired outsider’ and ‘contented reminiscer’, using qualitative data from participant observation, focus groups, questionnaires and interviews with two amateur ensembles in the North Midlands of England. Implications are considered for lifelong musical engagement, ensemble leadership, and future research into musical participation, identity and learning.
El cine como verdad rev(b)elada: Ken Loach; una reflexión sobre los años que forjaron el discurso naturalista del cineasta
Authors: Borrás Mercedes Miguel 
Published: June 2015

La sabiduría que se desprende al contemplar el cine de Ken Loach, su depurado estilo naturalista, es fruto de un largo recorrido caracterizado por la coherencia y honestidad. Un cineasta que lleva más de medio siglo dejando huellas de su humanismo, dando voz a los desheredados. ¿De dónde procede su mirada? ¿Cuál es la sustancia expresiva de la que se nutre su discurso? Detenemos nuestra atención en los filmes realizados en la primera etapa de su carrera (1964-1990), pues es cuando se percibe con mayor fuerza el deseo de Loach de penetrar en la realidad con un lenguaje tan riguroso que el pensamiento parece inscribirse en la película, “un cine de confesión, de ensayo”. Una mirada, que se rebela contra un orden y una sociedad injustos, y engendra emociones insospechadas, convocando a la ternura, pero al mismo tiempo hace que nos cuestionemos lo que se nos está contando. Un cine puro, directo, sin concesiones, que reduce al mínimo los recursos. Una verdad a la que se accede de forma natural, una verdad revelada. En el calidoscopio de realidades presentes en un mismo acontecimiento, que el cine (por su naturaleza indicial e icónica) es capaz de mostrar, radica esa sustancia expresiva.
Evaluation of gravity field model EIGEN-6C4 by means of various functions of gravity potential, and by GNSS/levelling
Authors: Kostelecký Jan , Klokočník Jaroslav , Bucha Blažej , Bezděk Aleš , Förste Christoph 
Published: June 2015

<p>The combined gravity field model EIGEN-6C4 (Förste et al., 2014) is the latest combined global gravity field model of GFZ Potsdam and GRGS Toulouse. EIGEN-6C4 has been generated including the satellite gravity gradiometry data of the entire GOCE mission (November 2009 till October 2013) and is of maximum spherical degree and order 2190. In this study EIGEN-6C4 has been compared with EGM2008 to its maximum degree and order via gravity disturbances and T<sub>zz</sub> part of the Marussi tensor of the second derivatives of the disturbing potential. The emphasis is put on such areas where GOCE data (complete set of gradiometry measurements after reductions) in EIGEN-6C4 obviously contributes to an improvement of the gravity field description. </p><p>GNSS/levelling geoid heights are independent data source for the evaluation of gravity field models. Therefore, we use the GNSS/levelling data sets over the territories of Europe, Czech Republic and Slovakia for the evaluation of EIGEN-6C4 w.r.t. EGM2008.</p>
Attributions of causes for unemployment by unemployed workers
Authors: Bendassolli Pedro Fernando , Guedes Gondim Sonia Maria , Coelho-Lima Fellipe 
Published: June 2015

This study investigated the assignment of causes for unemployment by unemployed workers, with a view to analyzing the predictive power of sociodemographic variables for the assignment. A scale of causal attribution of unemployment, originally developed by Furnham, was applied to 376 unemployed people. After confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), the scale factors were used in a regression model containing sociodemographic variables as predictors. The CFA results support Furnham’s original three-factor model of unemployment causes (individualistic, societal, and fatalistic; χ2(100) = 261.53, p < 0.001; χ2/gl = 2.61; CFI = 0.91, TLI = 0.90; RMSEA = 0.06). Regression analysis identified significant prediction for only the income variable and individualistic causes factor (β = 0.15, p < 0.01), the income variable and societal causes factor (β = 0.10, p < 0.001), and the educational level variable and societal causes factor (β = -0.15, p < 0.01). Societal causes presented the highest average score, which was significantly (p < 0.001) different than the scores for the other two factors. The study concludes that educational level does not seem to have a linear impact on beliefs regarding the causes for unemployment, nor does gender have a significant influence on these beliefs. Keywords: unemployment; attributing causes; Furnham’s scale