bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MESSENGER observations of magnetospheric substorm activity in Mercury's near magnetotail
Authors: Sun Wei‐Jie , Slavin James A. , Fu Suiyan , Raines Jim M. , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Imber Suzanne M. , Shi Quanqi , Yao Zhonghua , Poh Gangkai , Gershman Daniel J. , Pu Zuyin , Sundberg Torbjörn , Anderson Brian J. , Korth Haje , Baker Daniel N. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMErcury Surface, Space ENviroment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) magnetic field and plasma measurements taken during crossings of Mercury's magnetotail from 2011 to 2014 have been examined for evidence of substorms. A total of 26 events were found during which an Earth‐like growth phase was followed by clear near‐tail expansion phase signatures. During the growth phase, just as at Earth, the thinning of the plasma sheet and the increase of the magnetic field intensity in the lobe are observed, but the fractional increase in field intensity could be ∼3 to 5 times that at Earth. The average timescale of the growth phase is ∼1 min. The dipolarization that marks the initiation of the substorm expansion phase is only a few seconds in duration. During the expansion phase, lasting ∼1 min, the plasma sheet is observed to thicken and engulf the spacecraft. The duration of the substorm observed in this paper is consistent with previous observations of Mercury's Dungey cycle. The reconfiguration of the magnetotail during Mercury's substorm is very similar to that at Earth despite its very compressed timescale.
Pollen as atmospheric cloud condensation nuclei
Authors: Steiner Allison L. , Brooks Sarah D. , Deng Chunhua , Thornton Daniel C. O. , Pendleton Michael W. , Bryant Vaughn 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAnemophilous (wind‐dispersed) pollen grains are emitted in large quantities by vegetation in the midlatitudes for reproduction. Pollen grains are coarse particles (5–150 µm) that can rupture when wet to form submicron subpollen particles (SPP) that may have a climatic role. Laboratory CCN experiments of six fresh pollen samples show that SPP activate as CCN at a range of sizes, requiring supersaturations from 0.81 (± 0.07)% for 50 nm particles, 0.26 (± 0.03)% for 100 nm particles, and 0.12 (± 0.00)% for 200 nm particles. Compositional analyses indicate that SPP contain carbohydrates and proteins. The SPP contribution to global CCN is uncertain but could be important depending on pollen concentrations outside the surface layer and the number of SPP generated from a single pollen grain. The production of hygroscopic SPP from pollen represents a novel, biologically driven cloud formation pathway that may influence cloud optical properties and lifetimes, thereby influencing climate.
Declining rainfall and regional variability changes in Jordan
Authors: Rahman Kazi , Gorelick Steven M. , Dennedy‐Frank P. James , Yoon Jim , Rajaratnam Bala 
Published: May 2015

AbstractJordan, with limited rainfall, has per capita water availability of 135 m3/yr making it one of the water‐poorest countries in the world. We analyzed the most comprehensive modern rainfall data set to date, consisting of 44 years of daily measurements from 58 stations primarily in the western, populated and agricultural portion of Jordan over the period 1970–2013 to assess temporal trends, variability, and spatial patterns. From 1995 to 2013, 13 of 19 years showed rainfall less than the mean, which has a probability <8.35% of chance occurrence. We used nonparametric statistical analysis and found 38 of 58 stations experienced an annual rainfall decrease at an average rate of 1.2 mm/yr. Over all 58 stations, the average decrease was 0.41 mm/yr. The annual coefficient of variation of daily rainfall showed a long‐term increase of ∼2–3% at 90% of stations. Analysis of annual variance of daily rainfall suggests decreasing variance in the low rainfall areas to the southwest and east and increasing variance in the high rainfall areas to the northwest, a pattern consistent with principal component analysis. Strict multiple hypothesis testing procedures using the k‐familywise error rate approach reinforced and confirmed the statistically significant regional rainfall decline as well as the spatial patterns of increasing and decreasing rainfall variability.
Rheumatologists’ Views and Perceived Barriers to Using Patient Decision Aids in Clinical Practice
Authors: Zong Jeff Y. , Leese Jenny , Klemm Alexandria , Sayre Eric C. , Memetovic Jasmina , Esdaile John M. , Li Linda C. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo explore rheumatologists’ perceptions of patient decision aids (PtDAs) and identify barriers to using them in clinical practice.MethodsA cross‐sectional online survey of all members of the Canadian Rheumatology Association (CRA; n = 459) was conducted. We subsequently invited 10 respondents to participate in a 30‐minute telephone interview to further explore their views on using PtDAs in clinical practice. Interview participants were purposefully sampled to achieve a balance in sex, years in clinical practice, and types of practice.ResultsIn August and September 2013, 153 CRA members responded to the survey (response rate 33.3%); of those, 113 completed the entire questionnaire. Sixty‐three respondents (55.8%) were male, 54 (47.8%) were ≥50 years of age, and 55 (48.7%) practiced in a multidisciplinary setting. When asked about their intention to use PtDAs, participants rated mean ± SD 5.7 ± 2.9 (where 0 = not likely and 10 = very likely). Sixty‐four (56.6%) believed that rheumatologists were unfamiliar with PtDAs, and 76 (67.3%) thought that PtDAs would disturb their workflow. In‐depth interviews revealed the following: the perception that PtDAs were no different from any other patient education tools, the concern that PtDAs were of limited value in real life since they relied solely on data from randomized controlled trials, and the fear that PtDAs could impair doctor–patient communication.ConclusionThere was a sense of ambivalence among rheumatologists about PtDAs. Our interviews further revealed concerns regarding the utility and benefits of PtDAs in clinical practice. The results show a need to familiarize physicians with PtDAs and to develop strategies to support their integration in clinical practice.
Association of Physical Fitness With Pain in Women With Fibromyalgia: The al‐Ándalus Project
Authors: Soriano‐Maldonado Alberto , Ruiz Jonatan R. , Aparicio Virginia A. , Estévez‐López Fernando , Segura‐Jiménez Víctor , Álvarez‐Gallardo Inmaculada C. , Carbonell‐Baeza Ana , Delgado‐Fernández Manuel , Ortega Francisco B. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveThis population‐based cross‐sectional study aimed to characterize the association of different components of physical fitness with pain levels, pain‐related catastrophizing, and chronic pain self‐efficacy in women with fibromyalgia (FM).MethodsA total of 468 women with FM participated. The experience of pain was assessed with different tools (algometry, a numeric rating scale [revised FM impact questionnaire], a visual analog scale, and the bodily pain subscale on the Short Form 36 health survey). We also assessed pain‐related catastrophizing and chronic pain self‐efficacy. Physical fitness was assessed with performance‐based tests (Senior Fitness Test battery and handgrip dynamometry). A standardized composite score was computed for each component of physical fitness (aerobic fitness, muscle strength, flexibility, and motor agility), and their average comprised a clustered global fitness profile.ResultsOverall, higher physical fitness was consistently associated with lower levels of pain, lower pain‐related catastrophizing, and higher chronic pain self‐efficacy (regardless of the pain assessment method and the fitness test evaluated). Muscle strength and flexibility were independently associated with pain (P < 0.005 for both), and participants with high muscle strength plus high flexibility (combined effect) had the lowest levels of pain in this population. Aerobic fitness and flexibility were independently associated with pain‐related catastrophizing (P < 0.001 for both) and chronic pain self‐efficacy (P < 0.001 for both), and participants with high flexibility plus high aerobic fitness (combined effect) had the best catastrophizing and self‐efficacy profiles.ConclusionOur results suggest that higher physical fitness is associated with lower levels of pain, lower pain‐related catastrophizing, and higher chronic pain self‐efficacy in women with FM. These results might have implications for future intervention studies in this population.
Transition of Care and Health‐Related Outcomes in Pediatric‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Felsenstein Susanna , Reiff Andreas O. , Ramanathan Anusha 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTransition from pediatric to adult care is a complex process and can negatively impact patients with chronic disease. We describe the transition experience of patients with pediatric‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its associated outcomes in adulthood.MethodsA telephone survey of 41 pediatric‐onset SLE patients was conducted following their transition to adult care. Data on medical and social outcomes during and after the transition were collected. Health status was compared to retrospectively collected baseline data at pediatric discharge.ResultsThe mean ± SD followup interval was 5 ± 3.7 years; the mean ± SD age at followup was 24 ± 4.2 years. More than half of patients (22 of 41) experienced transition difficulties, primarily due to loss of insurance and emotional readjustment, which were associated with poor symptom control (P = 0.03) and multiple organ system involvement (P = 0.05) at followup. After the transition, most patients (35 of 41) were followed by an adult‐care rheumatologist, and the majority (37 of 41) reported recent symptoms of active disease; 41% (13 of 29) had developed symptoms suggestive of new renal manifestations following transition. One‐third (15 of 41) reported new or ongoing neuropsychiatric symptoms. Both renal and neuropsychiatric manifestations were associated with unemployment (P < 0.05). Direct referral by a pediatric rheumatologist was associated with fewer hospitalizations following transition (P = 0.04).ConclusionThe majority of patients transitioned successfully to adult rheumatologic care. Major challenges were loss of insurance and attachment to pediatric providers, highlighting the importance of a structured transition process that focuses on providing emotional and financial guidance. Disease activity in pediatric‐onset SLE remains high throughout adulthood, with morbidity primarily related to renal and neuropsychiatric manifestations.
Estimating the Burden of Osteoarthritis to Plan for the Future
Authors: Marshall Deborah A. , Vanderby Sonia , Barnabe Cheryl , MacDonald Karen V. , Maxwell Colleen , Mosher Dianne , Wasylak Tracy , Lix Lisa , Enns Ed , Frank Cy , Noseworthy Tom 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveWith aging and obesity trends, the incidence and prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) is expected to rise in Canada, increasing the demand for health resources. Resource planning to meet this increasing need requires estimates of the anticipated number of OA patients. Using administrative data from Alberta, we estimated OA incidence and prevalence rates and examined their sensitivity to alternative case definitions.MethodsWe identified cases in a linked data set spanning 1993 to 2010 (population registry, Discharge Abstract Database, physician claims, Ambulatory Care Classification System, and prescription drug data) using diagnostic codes and drug identification numbers. In the base case, incident cases were captured for patients with an OA diagnostic code for at least 2 physician visits within 2 years or any hospital admission. Seven alternative case definitions were applied and compared.ResultsAge‐ and sex‐standardized incidence and prevalence rates were estimated to be 8.6 and 80.3 cases per 1,000 population, respectively, in the base case. Physician claims data alone captured 88% of OA cases. Prevalence rate estimates required 15 years of longitudinal data to plateau. Compared to the base case, estimates are sensitive to alternative case definitions.ConclusionAdministrative databases are a key source for estimating the burden and epidemiologic trends of chronic diseases such as OA in Canada. Despite their limitations, these data provide valuable information for estimating disease burden and planning health services. Estimates of OA are mostly defined through physician claims data and require a long period of longitudinal data.
Best practices for health and safety technology transfer in construction
Authors: Welch Laura S. , Russell Dustin , Weinstock Deborah , Betit Eileen 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundConstruction continues to be a dangerous industry, yet solutions that would prevent injury and illness do exist. Prevention of injury and illness among construction workers requires dissemination, adoption, and implementation of these effective interventions, or “research to practice” (r2p).MethodsCPWR recruited participants with experience and insight into effective methods for diffusion of health and safety technologies in this industry for a symposium with 3 group sessions and 3 breakout groups. The organizers reviewed session notes and identified 141 recommendations, which were then assigned to 13 over‐arching themes.ResultsRecommendations included a guide for researchers on patenting and licensing, a business case model, and in‐depth case studies including development, testing, manufacturing, marketing, and diffusion.ConclusionsA more comprehensive understanding of the health and safety technology transfer landscape, the various actors, and their motivators and goals will help to foster the successful commercialization and diffusion of health and safety innovations. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:849–857, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Silicosis and chronic renal disease
Authors: Millerick‐May Melissa L. , Schrauben Sarah , Reilly Mary Jo , Rosenman Kenneth D. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundSilica has been associated with end stage kidney disease and kidney dysfunction.MethodsCalculated glomerular filtration rate, history of kidney disease or chronic dialysis, elevated serum creatinine, and stages of chronic kidney disease among silicotics identified in Michigan's Silicosis Surveillance System from 1987 to 2009 were reviewed to determine the prevalence of kidney disease in confirmed cases of silicosis.ResultsTwenty‐four percent of 1,072 silicotics had a measure of kidney dysfunction (32.3% if diabetes or hypertension present vs. 20.2% if not). Sixty‐nine percent of silicotics had Stage I or greater chronic kidney dysfunction versus 38.8% of the U.S. general population ≥60 years. No association was found between kidney function and measures of silica exposure.ConclusionsIndividuals with silicosis have an increased prevalence of kidney disease. More work to define the pathological changes associated with silica exposure is needed to understand the cause of silica's adverse effect on the kidney. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:730–736, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fighting Sleep at Night: Brain Correlates and Vulnerability to Sleep Loss
Authors: Maire Micheline , Reichert Carolin Franziska , Gabel Virginie , Viola Antoine U. , Phillips Christophe , Krebs Julia , Scheffler Klaus , Klarhöfer Markus , Strobel Werner , Cajochen Christian , Schmidt Christina 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveEven though wakefulness at night leads to profound performance deterioration and is regularly experienced by shift workers, its cerebral correlates remain virtually unexplored.MethodsWe assessed brain activity in young healthy adults during a vigilant attention task under high and low sleep pressure during night‐time, coinciding with strongest circadian sleep drive. We examined sleep‐loss–related attentional vulnerability by considering a PERIOD3 polymorphism presumably impacting on sleep homeostasis.ResultsOur results link higher sleep‐loss–related attentional vulnerability to cortical and subcortical deactivation patterns during slow reaction times (i.e., suboptimal vigilant attention). Concomitantly, thalamic regions were progressively less recruited with time‐on‐task and functionally less connected to task‐related and arousal‐promoting brain regions in those volunteers showing higher attentional instability in their behavior. The data further suggest that the latter is linked to shifts into a task‐inactive default‐mode network in between task‐relevant stimulus occurrence.InterpretationWe provide a multifaceted view on cerebral correlates of sleep loss at night and propose that genetic predisposition entails differential cerebral coping mechanisms, potentially compromising adequate performance during night work. Ann Neurol 2015;78:235–247
Electrokinetic Size and Mobility Traps for On‐site Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
Authors: Shallan Aliaa I. , Guijt Rosanne M. , Breadmore Michael C. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe extraction of target analytes from biological samples is a bottleneck in analysis. A microfluidic device featuring an electrokinetic size and mobility trap was formed by two nanojunctions of different pore size to extract and concentrate analytical targets from complex samples. The trap was seamlessly coupled with electrophoretic separation for quantitative analysis. The device was applied to the analysis of ampicillin levels in blood within 5 min and a linear response over the range of 2.5–20 μg mL−1. This covers the recommended levels for treating sepsis, a critical condition with 30 to 50 % mortality and unpredicted drug levels. The device provides a new opportunity for on‐site therapeutic drug monitoring, which should enable quick and accurate dosing and may save lives in such critical conditions.
Characterization of Mononuclear Non‐heme Iron(III)‐Superoxo Complex with a Five‐Azole Ligand Set
Authors: Oddon Frédéric , Chiba Yosuke , Nakazawa Jun , Ohta Takehiro , Ogura Takashi , Hikichi Shiro 
Published: May 2015

AbstractReaction of O2 with a high‐spin mononuclear iron(II) complex supported by a five‐azole donor set yields the corresponding mononuclear non‐heme iron(III)–superoxo species, which was characterized by UV/Vis spectroscopy and resonance Raman spectroscopy. 1H NMR analysis reveals diamagnetic nature of the superoxo complex arising from antiferromagnetic coupling between the spins on the low‐spin iron(III) and superoxide. This superoxo species reacts with H‐atom donating reagents to give a low‐spin iron(III)–hydroperoxo species showing characteristic UV/Vis, resonance Raman, and EPR spectra.
Cocrystal Formation through Mechanochemistry: from Neat and Liquid‐Assisted Grinding to Polymer‐Assisted Grinding
Authors: Hasa Dritan , Schneider Rauber Gabriela , Voinovich Dario , Jones William 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMechanochemistry is an effective method for the preparation of multicomponent crystal systems. In the present work, we propose an alternative to the established liquid‐assisted grinding (LAG) approach. Polymer‐assisted grinding (POLAG) is demonstrated to provide a new class of catalysts for improving reaction rate and increasing product diversity during mechanochemical cocrystallization reactions. We demonstrate that POLAG provides advantages comparable to the conventional liquid‐assisted process, whilst eliminating the risk of unwanted solvate formation as well as enabling control of resulting particle size. It represents a new approach for the development of functional materials through mechanochemistry, and possibly opens new routes toward the understanding of the mechanisms and pathways of mechanochemical cocrystal formation.
Ultrathin MoS2 Nanosheets Supported on N‐doped Carbon Nanoboxes with Enhanced Lithium Storage and Electrocatalytic Properties
Authors: Yu Xin‐Yao , Hu Han , Wang Yawen , Chen Hongyu , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has received considerable interest for electrochemical energy storage and conversion. In this work, we have designed and synthesized a unique hybrid hollow structure by growing ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets on N‐doped carbon shells (denoted as C@MoS2 nanoboxes). The N‐doped carbon shells can greatly improve the conductivity of the hybrid structure and effectively prevent the aggregation of MoS2 nanosheets. The ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets could provide more active sites for electrochemical reactions. When evaluated as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, these C@MoS2 nanoboxes show high specific capacity of around 1000 mAh g−1, excellent cycling stability up to 200 cycles, and superior rate performance. Moreover, they also show enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the electrochemical hydrogen evolution.
Elaboration and relationships between structure and rheological properties of microtalc or nanotalc/polyamide composites
Authors: Beuguel Quentin , Ville Julien , Crépin‐Leblond Jérôme , Médéric Pascal , Aubry Thierry 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on the elaboration of nanocomposites processed by melt mixing of a polyamide 12 matrix and a hydrogel filled with synthetic talc particles. The systems are obtained by simultaneous mixing using either an internal mixer or a lab twin‐screw extruder. The structure and rheological properties of synthetic talc/polyamide composites are compared with those of natural talc/polyamide microcomposites and modified montmorillonite/polyamide nanocomposites. A multiscale structure, composed of numerous nanometric particles but also few micrometric aggregates, is obtained for synthetic talc/polyamide composites. In terms of processability, the lab twin‐screw extruder is more adequate than the internal mixer for the elaboration of synthetic talc/polyamide composites with relatively high filler volume fractions. For composites elaborated with the extruder, the percolation threshold, estimated from linear viscoelastic measurements, is close to 1, 6, and 11%, respectively, with modified montmorillonite, synthetic talc, and natural talc particles, in agreement with structural results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42299.
Heat resistance of new biobased polymeric materials, focusing on starch, cellulose, PLA, and PHA
Authors: Peelman Nanou , Ragaert Peter , Ragaert Kim , De Meulenaer Bruno , Devlieghere Frank , Cardon Ludwig 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis review provides state of the art information on the heat resistance of biobased thermoplastic materials. It gives an overview of the parameters used to indicate heat resistance, strategies to improve the heat resistance of (biobased) plastic materials and some current “heat resistant” commercially available biobased plastics materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42305.