bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservatism and Change in Roman Religion
Authors: North J. A. 
Published: August 2013

The conservatism of the Romans in matters of religion is a generally accepted truth and it is in many ways a very obvious truth. I have no intention of denying it. They set a very high value on their religious tradition; they sought to preserve and reproduce the ceremonies and customs inherited from their ancestors; they thought it wrong and even dangerous to abandon or neglect the many gods, goddesses and sacred places of which the city was full; they had no ideological framework which would have enabled them to think in terms of reforming and improving the national cult, as opposed to reviving and restoring it.I say that this is an obvious truth, because some degree of conservatism in this sense seems to be an inevitable feature of the type of Graeco-Roman paganism of which the Roman State cult is one example. A system in which the emphasis falls primarily on the performance of ritual acts—not on the worshippers' belief, or religious emotions and experiences, or on theology or ethics—such a system inescapably makes it a primary value, though not necessarily the only value, that the known ritual should be successfully repeated. This in turn must imply some implicit respect for the past and for the tradition from which the ritual emerged. For the Romans of any generation, the real validation of their religion lay in the fact that it had worked: that their ancestors had won battles, survived crises, eaten dinners, begotten children and expanded their power by the practice of the self-same rites and ceremonies as they practised themselves. For the Romans of the last generation of the Republic, it was a fact that their ancestors had won more battles and eaten better dinners than anybody else.
Two Questions on the Circus Flaminius
Authors: Wiseman T. P. 
Published: August 2013

Were ludi circenses ever held in the Circus Flaminius as they were in the Circus Maximus?The evidence is as follows.1. Varro LL v 153–4: Locus idem circus maximus dictus, quod circum spectaculis aedificatus ubi ludi fiunt, et quod ibi circum metas fertur pompa et equi currunt…item simili de causa circus Flaminius dicitur, qui circum aedificatus est Flaminium campum, et quod ibi quoque ludis Tauriis equi circum metas currunt.The ludi Taurii were unlike other games in being celebrated only every five years; they were in honour of the di inferi, and therefore could not be held within the walls. It is clear from Varro that they were the only games that took place in the Circus Flaminius, at least in his day: despite the deliberate parallelism of his two explanations, he cannot invoke a pompa at the Flaminius to make it like the Maximus in that respect as well. The parallelism may in fact be misleading, merely Varro's attempt to justify his etymology by finding spurious similarities between circi that were in reality not alike at all. Certainly the fact that he speaks of horses in both cases does not entitle us to infer that the ludi Taurii took the form of chariot-races, like the ludi circenses proper that were held in the Circus Maximus. It is quite possible that they were simply horse-races, and that Varro emphasises the horses rather than the chariots in section 153 in order to achieve a further similarity.
The Introduction of Logical Organisation in Roman Prose Literature
Authors: Rawson Elizabeth 
Published: August 2013

L'INTRODUZIONE DELL'ORGANIZZAZIONE LOGICA NELLA LETTERATURA DI PROSA ROMANAFu dall'inizio del primo secolo a.C. che i Romani impararono a formulare dissertazioni su tutti gli argomenti (e non semplicemente testi elementari) in conformità alle tecniche di definizione e divisione, in definitiva derivate dalla dialettica greca, sebbene essi le applichino con estrema semplicità ed entusiasmo. Il ruolo di queste tecniche è considerato, tra gli altri, nei lavori di Varro e Cicero; come la loro applicazione nei discussi argomenti di giurisprudenza. Alcuni argomenti, o parte degli argomenti è ancora da organizzare in questo modo nel periodo imperiale, sebbene il metodo fosse considerato più che sicuro. L'intero sviluppo fu di grande importanza per la storia intellettuale, al pari del modo in cui i Romani appresero dai Greci anche ad organizzare la narrativa o un discorso in una esposizione chiara e comprensibile.
The Roman Catacombs in the Middle Ages
Authors: Osborne J. 
Published: August 2013

LE CATACOMBE ROMANE NEL MEDIO EVOL'uso medievale delle catacombe romane può essere diviso in tre periodi distinti sulla base della loro funzione. Dal tempo di Costantino fino alla metà del VI secolo, le catacombe venivano usate principalmente come luogo di sepoltura. Dopo l'interruzione di questa pratica causata dalle guerre gotiche, le catacombe continuarono ad essere mantenute dalla chiesa romana e ad essere visitate dai pellegrini che si recavano a Roma, ma soltanto per venerare le reliquie dei primi santi e dei martiri che esse contenevano. Dopo la seconda metà dell'VIII secolo, quando tutte le reliquie importanti cominciarono ad essere trasferite in chiese più sicure dentro la città, l'interesse per le catacombe diminuì in modo significativo, sebbene alcune fossero conosciute a continuassero ad essere visitate fino alla fine del Medio Evo. Vengono qui esaminate le decorazioni murali aggiunte alle varie catacombe durante il periodoc.500–1300, e si sostiene che anche queste possano essere divise in tre gruppi cronologici secondo la loro funzione.
Su una Pianta dell'Area Archeologica Centrale di Roma (1870 ca.)
Authors: Cozza Lucos 
Published: August 2013

A PLAN OF THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL CENTRE OF ROME (c. 1870)In 1872–78 J. H. Parker compiled a plan of the archaeological centre of Rome, covering the area from the Colosseum to the Campidoglio and from the Circus Maximus to the Via Alessandrina. Ancient buildings are plotted on the modern and colour-coded (red = time of the Kings; black = imperial period). The grey-blue shading suggests that the plan may have been prepared in connection with proposed excavations by the British Archaeological Society.
Food, poverty and patronage: the significance of the epigraphy of the Roman alimentary schemes in early imperial Italy
Authors: Woolf Greg 
Published: August 2013

CIBO, POVERTÀ E PROTEZIONE SOCIALEIn quest'articolo si vuole analizzare il carattere dell'azione imperiale attraverso un riesame deglialimentain Italia. Si ipotizza che queste distribuzioni alimentari non venivano organizzate per risollevare dalle difficoltà economiche particolari regioni o particolari gruppi sociali dell'Italia romana. La distribuzione di alimenti, epigraficamente attestata, è in relazione alla distribuzione generale delle iscrizioni all'interno dell'Italia: le iscrizioni stesse non suggeriscono che i fruitori fossero una parte impoverita della popolazione, ma piuttosto fossero persone relativamente privilegiate, certo come italici, cittadini e residenti in centri urbani e forse anche come abitanti in una determinata città dell'Italia. Il significato di questi schemi è poi definito dalla loro collocazione all'interno di contesti ideologici suggeriti dalla concezione romana sulla distribuzione del cibo e del potere, sulla protezione e sul ruolo dell'imperatore. Testimonianze iconografiche, numismatiche e letterarie suglialimenta, assieme a confronti con simili istituzioni, consentono di comprendere questa forma di approvvigionamento alimentare all'interno di familiari modelli di discorso romani; esse indicano i modi all'interno dei quali questi schemi possono essere stati concepiti e valutati. Si ipotizza che l'affermazione e l'elaborazione deglialimentava vista come un elemento di quegli scambi simbolici fra gli imperatori e l'Italia, in un periodo in cui i primi sempre in minor numero avevano origini italiche o non vi erano residenti.
Sex differences in sensation-seeking: a meta-analysis
Authors: Cross Catharine P. , Cyrenne De-Laine M. , Brown Gillian R. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMen score higher than women on measures of sensation-seeking, defined as a willingness to engage in novel or intense activities. This sex difference has been explained in terms of evolved psychological mechanisms or culturally transmitted social norms. We investigated whether sex differences in sensation-seeking have changed over recent years by conducting a meta-analysis of studies using Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale, version V (SSS-V). We found that sex differences in total SSS-V scores have remained stable across years, as have sex differences in Disinhibition and Boredom Susceptibility. In contrast, the sex difference in Thrill and Adventure Seeking has declined, possibly due to changes in social norms or out-dated questions on this sub-scale. Our results support the view that men and women differ in their propensity to report sensation-seeking characteristics, while behavioural manifestations of sensation-seeking vary over time. Sex differences in sensation-seeking could reflect genetically influenced predispositions interacting with socially transmitted information.
Predicting Bangladeshi financial salespeople ' s ethical intentions and behaviour using the theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Shahriar Ferdous Ahmed , Jay Polonsky Michael 
Published: August 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the theory of planned behavior (TPB) can be used to explain financial salespeople ' s ethical selling intentions and behaviour in developing countries. Understanding salespeople ' s ethical intentions and behaviour is important as consumers in developing countries are more at risk of ethical abuse arising from higher information asymmetry, their lower levels of financial literacy and less effective services regulation relating to ethical sales practices. Developing countries also have fewer governmental social support mechanisms, making the purchase of insurance more important for protecting consumers ' financial well-being.Design/methodology/approach– The paper examines 205 Bangladeshi financial salespeople ' s ethical selling intentions and behaviour using the TPB. Structural equation modeling is used to analyze the constructs and overall model.Findings– The findings identify that attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behaviour control (PBC) affect ethical selling intentions which, in turn, predict salespeople ' s ethical sales behaviour. However, PBC does not directly relate to ethical sales behaviour.Research limitations/implications– Understanding of the determinants of financial salespeople ' s ethical selling intentions and behaviour is important for firms in developing countries and identifies that they need to develop effective management systems and foster organisational cultures that engender ethical behaviour. This is important in developing countries where ethical abuses and lapses will result in harm to consumers who have limited financial resources.Originality/value– The results identify that the TPB applies to the selling of financial services in developing countries and, thus, broadens the applications and contexts of the TPB model. It also provides some managerial guidance as to how potential ethical breaches might be limited.
Consideration set size, variety seeking and the satisfaction-repurchase loyalty relationship at a product category level
Authors: Huy Tuu Ho , Ottar Olsen Svein 
Published: August 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the combined moderator role of consideration set size (CSS) and variety seeking (VS) on the satisfaction-loyalty relationship, and uses theories and findings mostly from the brand literature to test some hypotheses at a product category level.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors use survey data of 487 Vietnamese consumers in a food context. A structural equation modelling (SEM) approach for moderator analysis with latent constructs is used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
– CSS has a positive effect on CRL, while VS has a negative effect on CRL. CSS is found to have a positive moderator effect on the category satisfaction-category repurchase loyalty relationship. More interestingly, CSS still interacts with VS to positively influence this relationship.

Research limitations/implications
– The object and setting of this study is limited to one product category in one market. The nature of causality is problematic due to the use of survey design.

Practical implications
– Those findings imply that a product category extension with alternatives providing complementary benefits will have a higher chance of success with satisfied consumers, especially those with high VS, than with less satisfied consumers.

Social implications
– The study recommends that people should vary their diet to achieve different kinds of vitamins, minerals and tastes for their health. Similarly, the tourism industry should satisfy tourists
'
variety-seeking needs by exploring new categories.

Originality/value
– This study contributes to the literature by discussing and highlighting positive moderator effects of CSS and VS on the satisfaction-loyalty relationship at a product category level. The findings are contrast with brand literature which confirms negative moderator effects of CSS and VS on this relationship.
Accounting for workplace flexibility
Authors: Murthy Vijaya , Guthrie James 
Published: August 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to consider the impact of social accounting at the micro level and examines the use of social reporting for constructive purposes through internal communication devices. It explores the discourse adopted by a large organisation in social accounting and reporting (workplace flexibility) through employee newsletters. In doing so the paper seeks to answer two research questions. First, what workplace flexibility practices are evident in the employee newsletters? Second, do management use discourse (including self-accounts) in newsletters for self-serving management control purposes or for the emancipatory purposes of benefiting employees?Design/methodology/approach– Content and discourse analysis are used to examine “workplace flexibility” practices portrayed within the newsletters. This study explores the discourse adopted by a large Australian financial institution, in its social accounting disclosure in employee newsletters. It does so by examining the discourse adopted by the organisation in relation to one aspect of social accounting, that is, “workplace flexibility” in the employee newsletters over the period 2003-2007.Findings– The paper finds the financial institution used its internal newsletters to influence employee attitude and behaviour, not as claimed for social “betterment” – justice, welfare, emancipation. The possibility of social accounting's emancipatory potential was suppressed by those responsible for providing the accounts. The paper found that management used discourse (including self-accounts) in the newsletters for self-serving management control purposes and not as claimed for benefiting employees.Originality/value– The idea that the organisation provides workplace flexibility for the sake of benefitting employees is questionable. The discourse found in the newsletters suggests that flexible work options instead appear to be aimed at garnering employee loyalty, with subsequent employer benefits of improved organisational performance. The organisation used the discourse on workplace flexibility to blur the boundaries of work and life and persuade the employees to work harder and longer, to continuously increase productivity. In doing so, the organisation camouflaged its own economic sustainability and profitability as workplace flexibility.
Environmental protection impossibilities
Authors: Kaskarelis Ioannis A. 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the mentality of humanity in present times, the structure of human life nowadays and tries to prove that under these it is impossible to solve the problem of getting humankind out of an environmental crisis.Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigates the ingredients of human life today, i.e. social political and economic aspects, combined all together.FindingsOur civilization leads deterministically to an environmental deadlock. It follows that one needs to clearly understand that preventing the environmental catastrophe of humankind is impossible. The task of saving humankind altogether is unrealistic.Originality/valueThe only reversal to the present situation is social cohesion, which however is incompatible with the mentality of our civilization. Culture, depended upon the cohesion of the society (community or state), is a outdoing and not a mean average.
Theory appraisal in Islamic economic methodology: purposes and criteria
Authors: Furqani Hafas , Aslam Haneef Mohamed 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThis paper attempts to investigate the conceptual foundations of methodological inquiry in Islamic economics. The paper aims to develop criteria of acceptance and rejection of a theory and providing rationalizations and guidelines in the process of theory appraisal and evaluation.Design/methodology/approachThe literature on Islamic economics especially in the area of methodology of Islamic economics, both in English and Arabic, is reviewed critically and used in the attempt of constructing the criteria of theory appraisal in Islamic economics.FindingsThe paper explicates two criteria of theory appraisal in Islamic economics, namely the internal‐integrity (doctrinal integrity, logical integrity and factual integrity) and relational‐unity (of doctrine and practical realities, ideals/goals and factual experiences, values and facts, normative and positive dimensions, a priori and a posteriori).Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is based on conceptual explorations of literature in the area of methodology of Islamic economics. This is a conceptual paper, so it did not employ any empirical analysis.Practical implicationsThe findings of this paper will give insights of the criteria to distinguish truth over false notions in theories, between valid theories and invalid ones as well as the acceptance or rejection of theory in Islamic economics theory appraisal. With those criteria of theory, a unified discipline of Islamic economics, which is based on doctrinal, logical on testable foundations in a real typical Muslim society can be produced.Originality/valueThe paper proposes criteria and purpose of theory appraisal in Islamic economics which is lacking in the discussion of methodology of Islamic economics literature. Those criteria and purpose in theory appraisal and evaluation in a methodological unity of Islamic economics suggest a new approach in dealing with revelation, intellectual reasoning and facts observation in order to produce a coherent Islamic economic theory.
The return on school leadership preparation and development programmes
Authors: Eacott Scott 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThis paper highlights the potential value of “return on investment” analysis for leadership development investment methods to better providing research informed decision regarding improving organisational outcomes.Design/methodology/approachWorking with published research on leadership dimensions with greatest impact on student outcomes, return on leadership development formula, and empirical research on Australian university‐based educational leadership programmes, this paper demonstrates an illustrative example of estimating the return on leadership investment.FindingsUsing an illustrative example of Australian university‐based educational leadership programmes, this paper argues that methodologies for estimating the return on leadership development offers a powerful tool for making research informed decisions at the individual, organisational and systemic levels.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper provides the basis for substantial further work on the measures of impact of leadership preparation and development such as matters of duration of effect, instrumentations of quality, costing and causal models of effect.Practical implicationsThe methodology demonstrated in this paper provides a basis for individuals, organisations and school systems to make decisions regarding the resourcing, or not, of school leadership preparation and development.Social implicationsThe methodology demonstrated in this paper provides a basis for individuals, organisations and school systems to make decisions regarding the resourcing, or not, of school leadership preparation and development.Originality/valueThe application of return on investment analysis has been rare in educational leadership preparation and development programmes and its value opens up information for rigorous debate on the resourcing, or not, of programmes by systems, government and individuals.
Neither here nor there? Place and placemaking in the lives of separated children
Authors: Denov Myriam , Akesson Bree 
Published: August 2013

PurposeOf the approximate 18 million refugees worldwide, between 2 and 5 percent are estimated to be separated children, a figure which represents between 360,000 and 900,000 children. Place and placemaking represent vital components and realities during flight. The concept of place addresses the physical and social environments within which separated children move through and live in. Place and placemaking both include elements of physical setting, activity, and meaning, with placemaking specifically constituting the act of transforming the places one finds oneself into the places in which one lives.Originality/valueUncertainty continues to surround the concept and meaning of place and placemaking in large part due to their contextual and subjective nature. Furthermore, the notion of place is often under‐explored and under‐theorized when considering separated children's experiences and realities.Design/methodology/approachDrawing upon in‐depth interviews and a focus group with 17 youth respondents living in Canada, this paper explores the realities of place and placemaking in the lives of separated children.FindingsThe paper highlights the meaning and significance of place during flight. It examines the ways in which respondents “made place” in contexts of violence and insecurity through social networks, through reliance on language and cultural traditions, and through place attachment and identity.Practical implicationsThe paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of place and placemaking for policy and practice with separated children.
A system for visualizing sound source using augmented reality
Authors: Shen Ruiwei , Terada Tsutomu , Tsukamoto Masahiko 
Published: August 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to design and propose a new interface for hearing‐impaired for the users who can hardly realize the environmental sound.Design/methodology/approachThe authors propose the use of an augmented reality (AR) system with sound source recognition to augment human vision. In this system, sound source and position is detected by using acoustic processing.FindingsThe authors confirmed that the source and direction of sound could be effectively recognized, and that AR was implemented, and thus that the user could use this system to recognize and visualize environmental sounds. When there was only a single sound source in the surrounding environment such as at home or when doing some simple work, and especially when a source was near a user, this system provided information on the sound source and visualized the sound source to satisfy the user's need.Originality/valueThe system can recognize the environmental sound in realtime and inform the user of the type of sound by showing a virtual object in the user's sight. Furthermore, the user can find the direction of the sound source by using a microphone array and locate the sound source through the AR marker attached to the object.