bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of urinary 6‐oxo‐pipecolic acid as a biomarker for ALDH7A1 deficiency
Authors: Khalil Youssef , Footitt Emma , Vootukuri Reddy , Wempe Michael F. , Coughlin Curtis R. , Batzios Spyros , Wilson Matthew P. , Kožich Viktor , Clayton Peter T. , Mills Philippa B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractALDH7A1 deficiency is an epileptic encephalopathy whose seizures respond to treatment with supraphysiological doses of pyridoxine. It arises as a result of damaging variants in ALDH7A1, a gene in the lysine catabolism pathway. α‐Aminoadipic semialdehyde (α‐AASA) and Δ1‐piperideine‐6‐carboxylate (P6C), which accumulate because of the block in the lysine pathway, are diagnostic biomarkers for this disorder. Recently, it has been reported that 6‐oxo‐pipecolic acid (6‐oxo‐PIP) also accumulates in the urine, CSF and plasma of ALDH7A1‐deficient individuals and that, given its improved stability, it may be a more suitable biomarker for this disorder. This study measured 6‐oxo‐PIP in urine from a cohort of 30 patients where α‐AASA was elevated and showed that it was above the normal range in all those above 6 months of age. However, 6‐oxo‐PIP levels were within the normal range in 33% of the patients below 6 months of age. Levels increased with age and correlated with a decrease in α‐AASA levels. Longitudinal analysis of urine samples from ALDH7A1‐deficient patients who were on a lysine restricted diet whilst receiving supraphysiological doses of pyridoxine showed that levels of 6‐oxo‐PIP remained elevated whilst α‐AASA decreased. Similar to α‐AASA, we found that elevated urinary excretion of 6‐oxo‐PIP can also occur in individuals with molybdenum cofactor deficiency. This study demonstrates that urinary 6‐oxo‐PIP may not be a suitable biomarker for ALDH7A1 deficiency in neonates. However, further studies are needed to understand the biochemistry leading to its accumulation and its potential long‐term side effects.
Synthesis of concentric circular antenna array for reducing the sidelobe level by employing sine cosine optimization algorithm
Authors: Thadikamalla Nageswar Rao , Amara Prakasa Rao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe sine cosine algorithm (SCA), a meta‐heuristic optimization method, is used in this study to provide a precise linear and elliptical antenna array design for synthesizing the ideal far‐field radiation pattern in the fifth‐generation (5G) communication spectrum. The wireless communication system will undergo dramatic changes thanks to the forthcoming 5G technology, which offers exceptionally high data rates, increased capacity, reduced latency, and outstanding service quality. The most important component of 5G communications is an accurate antenna array design for an optimum far‐field radiation pattern synthesis with a suppressed sidelobe level (SLL) value and half power beam width (HPBW). While long‐distance communication necessitates a low HPBW, the entire side lobe area needs a suppressed SLL to prevent interference. The SCA is used in this case to the optimal feeding currents applied to each array member in the design examples of the concentric circular antenna arrays (CCAA) discussed in this article. It shows the litheness and attainment of the propound algorithm named SCA, chosen CCAAs with three rings and varying amounts of components or antenna array sets those are stated as follows: Set I (4, 6, 8 elements), Set II (8, 10, 12 elements), Set III (6, 12, 18 elements), Set IV (8, 14, 20 elements) with and without the center element are amalgamate. Apply the PSO, Jaya, and SCA optimization algorithms for all four Sets of antenna arrays and compare the attained results; the SLL values achieved by the SCA technique are contrasted with those of other current optimization techniques. The outcomes of all examinations reveal that the SCA algorithm achieved a superior SLL reduction over other optimization techniques.
Comparison of three reanalysis‐driven regional climate models over New Zealand: Climatology and extreme events
Authors: Campbell Isaac , Gibson Peter B. , Stuart Stephen , Broadbent Ashley M. , Sood Abha , Pirooz Amir A. S. , Rampal Neelesh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThree ~12‐km reanalysis‐driven regional climate models (RCMs) are evaluated in terms of capturing climatologies and extremes of precipitation, temperature and surface wind over Aotearoa/New Zealand (NZ). NZ provides an excellent case study for evaluating high‐resolution RCMs due to its coastal and complex terrain and isolated geographical position in the midlatitudes, exposed to both tropical and polar influences. Overall, we find that the RCMs faithfully reproduce the observed climate, with precipitation and temperature climatologies particularly well‐captured. However, the RCMs display significant differences from observations in capturing the surface wind climatology, highlighting a remaining key challenge. The excess “drizzle problem” is apparent to varying degrees, leading to a weaker representation in the length of meteorological drought in some regions. The RCMs also diverge in reproducing diurnal temperature range which appears partly related to cloud cover. Finally, we discuss the important role of observational uncertainty in the context of model evaluation.
Metabolism of quercitrin in the colon and its beneficial regulatory effects on gut microbiota
Authors: Meng Xia , Xia Chenlan , Wu Hongchen , Gu Qing , Li Ping 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuercitrin is a dietary flavonoid widely found in plants with various physiological activities. However, whether quercitrin alters gut microbiota in vivo is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate metabolism of quercitrin in the colon and its regulation on gut microbiota in mice.RESULTSHerein, 22 flavonoids related to quercitrin metabolism were identified based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrospray ionization‐tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS). Gas chromatography and 16S rDNA gene sequencing were used to investigate short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA) content and diversity of composition of gut microbiota, respectively. The results showed that quercitrin significantly alters the beta‐diversity of the gut microbiota, probiotics such as Akkermansia and Lactococcus were significantly increased, and the production of propanoate, isovalerate and hexanoate of the quercitrin group were enhanced significantly. The Spearman's association analysis provided evidence that Gardnerella and Akkermansia have obvious correlations with most of quercitrin metabolites and SCFAs.CONCLUSIONQuercitrin and its metabolites in the colon altered the structure of the mice gut microbiota and increased the content of SCFAs. Our experiments provide valuable insights into quercitrin research and application. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Beneficial effects of advanced chelate technology‐based 7‐minerals in aflatoxin‐B1 challenged broilers: toxin residue reduction, serum biochemical improvement and modulation of the mRNA expression of NF‐kB and Nrf2, and genes within their pathways
Authors: Mohammadi Zeynab , Taherpour Kamran , Ghasemi Hossein Ali , Fakharzadeh Saideh , Nooreh Zahra , Kalanaky Somayeh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDOrganic trace minerals (TM) offer superior nutritional benefits because of their stable structure, making their addition to broiler diets potentially beneficial during challenging periods such as aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination. The present study evaluated the impacts of different replacement levels of inorganic TM (ITM) with advanced chelate technology‐based TM (ACTM) on the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant indicators, and some inflammatory and immune parameters of broilers fed diets contaminated with AFB1. A 42‐day experiment involved randomly assigning 1‐day‐old broiler chickens (n = 480) to one of five dietary treatments, each with six replicates. The treatments were as follows: (1) NC: basal diet without AFB1 and recommended ITM levels; (2) PC: basal diet with 0.5 mg kg−1 AFB1 and recommended ITM levels; (3) TB: PC diet +1 g kg−1 toxin binder; (4) ACTM50: replacement of ITM with 50% ACTM in the PC diet; and (5) ACTM100: replacement of ITM with 100% ACTM in the PC diet.RESULTSCompared with PC treatment, ACTM100 treatment resulted in increased (P < 0.05) body weight gain, serum zinc and glutathione concentrations, immunoglobulin Y level, antioxidant enzyme activities, and hepatic gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2, glutathione peroxidase‐1, superoxide dismutase‐1 and transforming growth factor beta 1. The ACTM100 group also exhibited decreased AFB1 residue in the liver and kidney, serum alanine transaminase activity and malondialdehyde concentration, and hepatic gene expression levels of nuclear factor‐kappa B and interferon‐gamma (P < 0.05). These values were comparable to those recorded in the TB and NC treatments.CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, completely replacing ITM with ACTM can benefit the metabolism and mitigate AFB1‐induced immunotoxicity and oxidative damage in chickens by altering the mRNA expression of nuclear factor‐kappa B and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2, and some genes downstream their signaling pathways. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Melatonin extends shelf life in postharvest okra via delaying fruit softening and reducing weight loss
Authors: Shi Liyu , Cao Mengze , Lu Xiaotian , Dong Wanqi , Lan Qingqing , Chen Wei , Yang Zhenfeng , Li Xuewen , Cao Shifeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMelatonin, a hormone present in animals and some plants, has garnered attention for its potential in preserving harvested produce. Softening due to changes in cell wall composition and wilting caused by weight loss are the major reasons for the loss of commercial value in postharvest okra. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of melatonin on the softening and weight loss of postharvest okra.RESULTSThe results revealed that the application of melatonin had a significant influence on the maintenance of fruit firmness by inhibiting the breakdown and dissolution of cell wall polysaccharides by suppressing the expression of specific genes responsible for cell wall degradation in okra. Conversely, melatonin treatment positively influenced the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of cell wall components. Furthermore, the treatment exhibited notable benefits in reducing weight loss in okra, which was accomplished by promoting the closure of stomata – the tiny pores on the surface of the fruit.CONCLUSIONMelatonin could serve as a novel approach to reduce water loss, delay fruit softening and extend the shelf life of okra. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Association Between Limited English Proficiency and Hearing Healthcare Use in the United States
Authors: Halagur Akash S. , Megwalu Uchechukwu C. 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesTo determine whether limited English proficiency (LEP) is associated with likelihood of prior audiogram and hearing aid use among US adults with hearing loss.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study of four merged National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles included 12,636 adults with subjective (self‐reported) or objective (audiometric) hearing loss. Subjects were classified as LEP if they completed the NHANES survey in a language other than English, or with the help of an interpreter. Likelihood of audiogram among participants with subjective and objective hearing loss, and likelihood of hearing aid use among participants with objective hearing loss were assessed using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression.ResultsIndividuals with LEP were less likely to have undergone audiogram among subjects with subjective (odds ratio [OR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–0.77), and objective (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.65–0.74) hearing loss. The association persisted for those with subjective hearing loss (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.72–0.86), and objective hearing loss (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.73–0.89) after adjusting for relevant covariates. Individuals with LEP were less likely to use hearing aids (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.84–0.93). This association disappeared (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.95–1.04) after adjustment.ConclusionLEP is associated with lower utilization of hearing healthcare services. This may be due to the complex interplay of socioeconomic and language disparities, which may act as barriers to hearing healthcare utilization. Individuals with LEP should be prioritized when designing interventions to improve accessibility to hearing healthcare.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:5122–5130, 2024
Hidden seafloor hypoxia in coastal waters
Authors: Fredriksson Jonas Patrik , Attard Karl , Stranne Christian , Koszalka Inga Monika , Glud Ronnie N. , Andersen Thorbjørn Joest , Humborg Christoph , Brüchert Volker 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe expansion of transient and permanent coastal benthic anoxia is one of the most severe problems for the coastal ocean globally. We report frequent, hidden hypoxia in the bottom 5 cm of the water column of a coastal site in the central Baltic Sea by continuous high‐resolution profiling of oxygen (O2) directly above the sediment surface. This hypoxia stood in stark contrast to 30‐yr O2 monitoring records at this site that suggest apparent continuous well‐oxygenated conditions. In situ measurements showed highly dynamic conditions in the bottom 30 cm recording frequent gradual and abrupt changes between normoxic (> 63 μmol L−1) and hypoxic (< 63 μmol L−1) conditions that would remain undetectable by conventional bottom water O2 monitoring. The temporal variability of these “hidden” hypoxia is tied to the dynamic current field and to changes in O2 consumption following resuspension events. Our observations suggest that transient benthic hypoxia is much more common than routine monitoring data indicate.
Colony‐forming and single‐cell picocyanobacteria nitrogen acquisition strategies and carbon fixation in the brackish Baltic Sea
Authors: Laber Christien P. , Alegria Zufia Javier , Legrand Catherine , Lindehoff Elin , Farnelid Hanna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPicocyanobacteria are widespread and globally significant primary producers. In brackish waters, picocyanobacterial populations are composed of diverse species with both single‐cell and colony‐forming lifestyles. Compared to their marine counterparts, brackish picocyanobacteria are less well characterized and the focus of research has been weighted toward single‐cell picocyanobacteria. Here, we investigate the uptake dynamics of single and colony‐forming picocyanobacteria using incubations with dual carbon‐13 and inorganic (ammonium and nitrate) or organic (urea and amino acids) nitrogen‐15 sources during August and September 2020 in the central Baltic Sea. Phytoplankton community and group‐specific uptake rates were obtained using an elemental analyzer isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA‐IRMS) and nano secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS). Picocyanobacteria contributed greater than one third of the ammonium, urea, amino acids, and inorganic carbon community uptake/fixation in September but < 10% in August when phytoplankton biomass was higher. Overall, single‐cell ammonium and urea uptake rates were significantly higher for single‐celled compared to colonial picocyanobacteria. In a 6‐yr offshore central Baltic Sea time series (2015–2020), summer abundances of colonial picocyanobacteria reached up to 105 cells mL−1 and represented > 5% of the average phytoplankton biomass, suggesting that they are periodically important for the ecosystem. Colonial strain identification was not distinguishable using 16S rRNA gene amplicon data, highlighting a need for refined tools for identification of colonial forms. This study shows the significance of single‐celled brackish picocyanobacteria to nutrient cycling and the importance of considering uptake and lifestyle strategies when assessing the role of picocyanobacteria in aquatic ecosystems.
Greenness transformation, environmental awareness, and green product policy in spatial markets
Authors: Wang Leonard F. S. , Guo Wen‐Chung , Qi Haoxiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the transformation towards greenness, focusing on consumer environmental awareness within a circular city model characterized by elastic demand. Our findings reveal that the equilibrium investment in environmentally friendly initiatives falls short of the socially optimal level for a given market structure. The degree of excess or insufficient market entry is influenced by the level of environmental awareness. Further, we delve into the role of environmental delegation, demonstrating that heightened environmental awareness can mitigate underinvestment in the environment and reduce inefficiency in market entry. From a policy perspective, we expand our analysis to include the “Green Product Policy.” This extension aims to explore the impact of such a policy on environmental awareness and assess the applicability of the “excess entry theorem” in this context.
Quantifying aluminum toxicity effects on corn phenotype using advanced imaging technologies
Authors: Szőke Lóránt , Tóth Brigitta , Javornik Tomislav , Lazarević Boris 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSoil acidity (pH <5.5) limits agricultural production due to aluminum (Al) toxicity. The primary target of Al toxicity is the plant root. However, symptoms can be observed on the shoots. This study aims to determine the potential use of chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, multispectral imaging, and 3D multispectral scanning technology to quantify the effects of Al toxicity on corn. Corn seedlings were grown for 13 days in nutrient solutions (pH 4.0) with four Al treatments: 50, 100, 200, and 400 μM and a control (0 μM AlCl3 L−1). During the experiment, four measurements were performed: four (MT1), six (MT2), 11 (MT3), and 13 (MT4) days after the application of Al treatments. The most sensitive traits affected by Al toxicity were the reduction of plant growth and increased reflectance in the visible wavelength (affected at MT1). The reflectance of red wavelengths increased more significantly compared to near‐infrared and green wavelengths, leading to a decrease in the normalized difference vegetation index and the Green Leaf Index. The most sensitive chlorophyll fluorescence traits, effective quantum yield of PSII, and photochemical quenching coefficient were affected after prolonged Al exposure (MT3). This study demonstrates the usability of selected phenotypic traits in remote sensing studies to map Al‐toxic soils and in high‐throughput phenotyping studies to screen Al‐tolerant genotypes.
Chía and its wild relatives: A superfood Salvia (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Lara‐Cabrera Sabina I. , Ramírez‐Amezcua Yocupitzia , Cárdenas Nadia Castro , Fisher Amanda E. , Alonso José Luis Fernández 
Published: July 2024

Societal Impact StatementAlternative crops are a promising approach to address the global food shortage that is exacerbated by climate change and wealth disparities. Some of these alternative crops are traditional food plants that have been widely traded for centuries, whereas others have only recently become more popular. Chía is a traditional native “superfood” that is the fruit of three distinct mint species. Chía (Salvia hispanica) is commercially cultivated and shares nutritional properties with California thistle sage (Salvia carduacea) and desert chía (Salvia columbariae). These wild relatives of S. hispanica are adapted to arid conditions and have potentially valuable genetic variation for the development of chía agricultural varieties. The development of nutritious, drought‐tolerant crops such as chía will increase the resilience of people to the impact of climate upheaval.SummaryIn the Spanish language, the word chía refers to the nutlet fruits of several Salvia species native to Mesoamerica. The process of domestication of S. hispanica altered several traits, including the absence of shattering fruits, which makes harvest easier and mechanizable. S. hispanica is commercially cultivated in Mexico, South America, Australia, and less so in Europe and Africa. Other edible chía species are not commercially cultivated, including S. carduacea, and S. columbariae. These Californian chías are traditionally harvested by hand since the fruiting calices shatter and release the nutlets. Here we compare these three edible chía species, review their uses by native peoples, describe their morphology, summarize their natural distributions and cultivation, and provide an identification key. Native peoples in North America have traditionally used chías for food, medicine, and oil. S. hispanica naturally occurs throughout areas of Mexico that receive summer monsoonal rains. As such, it is a summer annual with an erect habit and cauline, simple leaves. In contrast, the Californian chía species are distributed through areas of the Mojave and Sonoran deserts that receive winter rains. They are winter annuals and their rosettes of lobed, pubescent leaves are typical adaptations to arid conditions. Nutlets in these chía species are similar when dry, but cultivated S. hispanica nutlets produce extensive mucilage when wetted, while the other chía produce mucilage to a lesser extent. As consumer interest grows in superfoods like chía, crop breeders may use wild chía to breed varieties appropriate for areas affected by drought or in desert agroecological systems.
“I eat chocolate milk for dinner because we just have nothing in our fridge”: The invisible burden and dire consequences of food insecurity for people with cystic fibrosis in the United States
Authors: Niranjan Soumya J. , Brown Georgia , Bailey Julianna , Geurs Robin , Robinson Keith J. , Schechter Michael S. , Powers Kate E. , Clemm Cristen , Reno Kim , Oates Gabriela R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundOne‐third of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) are food insecure, with profound negative implications for their health. This qualitative study explored lived experiences with food insecurity among pwCF or their caregivers and summarized their perspectives on food insecurity screening in the cystic fibrosis (CF) programs where they receive care.MethodsSemi‐structured qualitative interviews were conducted with two groups: (1) adults with CF and (2) parents or caregivers of children with CF. PwCF or their caregivers with previously documented food insecurity were referred for participation by pediatric and adult CF programs across the United States. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, and data were coded and analyzed by two independent coders using a content‐analysis approach with a constant comparative method to generate themes.ResultsA total of 26 participants from 22 CF programs were interviewed. The sample included 17 adults with CF and nine parents of children with CF. Participants were predominantly White (88%) and female (92%). Five overarching themes emerged: (1) food insecurity among CF patients and their families is onerous, (2) financial constraints imposed by the CF disease contribute to food insecurity, (3) federal and state programs provide limited food assistance, and other support is minimal, (4) shame and stigma engulf conversations around food insecurity with CF care teams, and (5) food insecurity screening in clinical settings is critical.ConclusionsFood insecurity among pwCF is invisible, but its consequences are dire. Assistance is limited, screening is inconsistent, and stigma is widespread. There is an urgent need to normalize food insecurity screening, standardize the screening process, and expand food assistance programs for pwCF.