bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the past to foretell the future: summer temperature and habitat area predict pika extirpations in California
Authors: Stewart Joseph A. E. , Perrine John D. , Nichols Lyle B. , Thorne James H. , Millar Constance I. , Goehring Kenneth E. , Massing Cody P. , Wright David H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThe American pika (Ochotona princeps) appears to have experienced climate‐mediated upslope range contraction in the Great Basin of North America, but this result has not yet been extended to other portions of the pika's range. Our goals were: first, to determine the environmental parameters that most influence current pika distribution within California; second, to infer whether these constraints explain extirpations that have occurred in California; third, to predict future extirpations; and fourth, to advance methods for assessing the degree to which pikas and other climate‐sensitive mammals are threatened by climate change.LocationHistorical pika record locations in California, USA, spanning four degrees of latitude and longitude, from Mount Shasta to the southern Sierra Nevada.MethodsWe identified 67 precise historical pika record locations and surveyed them exhaustively, over multiple years, to determine whether pika populations persist at those sites. We used an information theoretic approach and logistic regression to model current pika occupancy as a function of 16 environmental variables, tested our best‐performing model as a predictor of historical occupancy, and then used our model to predict future pika occupancy given anticipated climate change.ResultsPikas no longer occurred at 10 of 67 (15%) historical sites in California. The best predictors of occupancy were average summer temperature and talus habitat area within a 1‐km radius. A logistic model fitted to this relationship correctly predicted current occupancy at 94% of sites and correctly hindcasted past occupancy at 93% of sites, suggesting that the model has strong temporal transferability. Depending on the future climate scenario, our model projects that by 2070 pikas will be extirpated from 39% to 88% of these historical sites in California.Main conclusionsOur simple species distribution model for pikas performs remarkably well for both current and historical periods. Pika distribution appears to be governed primarily by behavioural restrictions mediated by summer temperature and by the configuration of talus habitat available to pikas locally. Pikas, and other montane species in the western USA, may be subjected to above‐average exposure to climate change because summer temperature is projected to rise more than annual temperature.
Localization of MCT2 at peroxisomes is associated with malignant transformation in prostate cancer
Authors: Valença Isabel , Pértega‐Gomes Nelma , Vizcaino José Rámon , Henrique Rui M. , Lopes Carlos , Baltazar Fátima , Ribeiro Daniela 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPrevious studies on monocarboxylate transporters expression in prostate cancer (PCa) have shown that monocarboxylate transporter 2 (MCT2) was clearly overexpressed in prostate malignant glands, pointing it out as a putative biomarker for PCa. However, its localization and possible role in PCa cells remained unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that MCT2 localizes mainly at peroxisomes in PCa cells and is able to take advantage of the peroxisomal transport machinery by interacting with Pex19. We have also shown an increase in MCT2 expression from non‐malignant to malignant cells that was directly correlated with its peroxisomal localization. Upon analysis of the expression of several peroxisomal β‐oxidation proteins in PIN lesions and PCa cells from a large variety of human prostate samples, we suggest that MCT2 presence at peroxisomes is related to an increase in β ‐oxidation levels which may be crucial for malignant transformation. Our results present novel evidence that may not only contribute to the study of PCa development mechanisms but also pinpoint novel targets for cancer therapy.
Susceptibility to Coffee Staining during Enamel Remineralization Following the In‐Office Bleaching Technique: An In Situ Assessment
Authors: Mori Aline Akemi , Lima Fernanda Ferruzzi , Benetti Ana Raquel , Terada Raquel Sano Suga , Fujimaki Mitsue , Pascotto Renata Correa 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPurposeTo assess in situ the enamel mineralization level and susceptibility to coffee staining after in‐office bleaching.Materials and MethodsThirty‐six human dental fragments assembled into intraoral devices were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide and treated as follows: (group 1) no contact with coffee; (group 2) immersion in a coffee solution for 30 minutes daily for 7 days, starting 1 week after bleaching; and (group 3) immersion in a coffee solution for 30 minutes daily for 14 days, starting immediately after bleaching. Enamel mineralization and color were assessed before bleaching (T1), immediately after bleaching (T2), and after 7 (T3) and 14 days (T4). The CIE whiteness index (W*) and closeness to white (ΔW*) following bleaching and/or immersion in coffee were calculated. Data were analyzed with Friedman and Wilcoxon tests or Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U‐tests (α = 0.05).ResultsSignificant differences in the mineralization levels were observed as a function of time. No significant differences in W* were observed between groups, nor was W* significantly different at T3 and T4. Similar ΔW* was observed between groups after 7 or 14 days.ConclusionsThe mineral loss after in‐office bleaching was progressively reversed by contact with saliva for 14 days. The whiteness index was not affected by contact with coffee during the remineralization period.Clinical SignificanceThe results of this in situ study suggest that the mineral loss caused by in‐office dental bleaching is minimal and is partly compensated by remineralization due to contact with saliva. Additionally, whiteness was not affected by daily exposition to coffee during the enamel remineralization, which indicates that avoiding the consumption of coffee immediately following in‐office bleaching is unnecessary. (J Esthet Restor Dent 28:S23–S31, 2016)
Piscine reovirus, but not Jaundice Syndrome, was transmissible to Chinook Salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), and Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar L.
Authors: Garver K A , Marty G D , Cockburn S N , Richard J , Hawley L M , Müller A , Thompson R L , Purcell M K , Saksida S 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA Jaundice Syndrome occurs sporadically among sea‐pen‐farmed Chinook Salmon in British Columbia, the westernmost province of Canada. Affected salmon are easily identified by a distinctive yellow discolouration of the abdominal and periorbital regions. Through traditional diagnostics, no bacterial or viral agents were cultured from tissues of jaundiced Chinook Salmon; however, piscine reovirus (PRV) was identified via RT‐rPCR in all 10 affected fish sampled. By histopathology, Jaundice Syndrome is an acute to peracute systemic disease, and the time from first clinical signs to death is likely <48 h; renal tubular epithelial cell necrosis is the most consistent lesion. In an infectivity trial, Chinook Salmon, Sockeye Salmon and Atlantic Salmon, intraperitoneally inoculated with a PRV‐positive organ homogenate from jaundiced Chinook Salmon, developed no gross or microscopic evidence of jaundice despite persistence of PRV for the 5‐month holding period. The results from this study demonstrate that the Jaundice Syndrome was not transmissible by injection of material from infected fish and that PRV was not the sole aetiological factor for the condition. Additionally, these findings showed the Pacific coast strain of PRV, while transmissible, was of low pathogenicity for Atlantic Salmon, Chinook Salmon and Sockeye Salmon.
Differences in uptake and killing of pathogenic and non‐pathogenic bacteria by haemocyte subpopulations of penaeid shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, (Boone)
Authors: Tuan V V , Dantas‐Lima J J , Thuong K V , Li W , Grauwet K , Bossier P , Nauwynck H J 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPhagocytosis is an important function of both invertebrate and vertebrate blood cells. In this study, the phagocytic activity of haemocyte subpopulations of penaeid shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, (Boone), against pathogenic and non‐pathogenic particles was investigated in vitro. The haemocytes of penaeid shrimp were firstly separated by centrifugation on a continuous density gradient of iodixanol into four fractions with five subpopulations (sub), of which sub 1 (hyalinocytes) and sub 4 (semi‐granulocytes) have the main function in phagocytosis of both pathogenic and non‐pathogenic bacteria as well as fluorescent polystyrene beads. It was found that these haemocyte subpopulations engulfed virulent Vibrio campbellii and Vibrio harveyi at a higher rate than non‐virulent Escherichia coli and polystyrene beads. When these bacteria were mixed with shrimp haemocyte subpopulations and incubated for 180 min, the percentage of viable intracellular V. campbellii (25.5 ± 6.0%) recovered was significantly higher than the percentage recovered from V. harveyi (13.5 ± 1.1%). No viable intracellular E. coli was observed in this study. In contrast to V. harveyi and E. coli, V. campbellii containing endosomes did not acidify in time. Incubation of haemocyte subpopulations with the most virulent V. campbellii strain resulted in a significant drop in haemocyte viability (41.4 ± 6.3% in sub 1 and 30.2 ± 15.1% in sub 4) after 180 min post‐inoculation in comparison with the less virulent V. harveyi (84.1 ± 5.6% in sub 1 and 83.4 ± 4.1% in sub 4) and non‐virulent E. coli (92.7 ± 2.8% in sub 1 and 92.3 ± 5.6% in sub 4) and polystyrene beads (91.9 ± 1.6% in sub 1 and 84.4 ± 3.4% in sub 4). These findings may be a valuable tool for monitoring shrimp health and immunological studies.
Quality and Postharvest Performance of Watermelon Fruit in Response to Grafting on Interspecific Cucurbit Rootstocks
Authors: Kyriacou Marios C. , Soteriou Georgios 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGrafting on disease‐resistant rootstocks is a growing practice in watermelon cultivation worldwide. Reports on effects of grafting on watermelon fruit postharvest performance are scarce. The current work examined postharvest performance at 25C of four diploid cultivars grown nongrafted or grafted onto three Cucurbita maxima × C. moschata rootstocks. Despite sucrose accumulation throughout storage at the expense of fructose and glucose, total soluble carbohydrates and soluble solids content declined. Lycopene content peaked 7 days postharvest and intensity of flesh color increased concomitantly; yellowing of flesh was detected at 14 days. Rootstocks reduced soluble solids content only in the second year of experiments by 0.8–1.0°Brix. Rootstocks improved postharvest flesh firmness and lycopene content and enhanced flesh color. Rind was minimally thickened by rootstocks and declined with storage. Grafting diploid cultivars on interspecific rootstocks improved fruit quality and storability. Potential reduction in soluble solids content in response to grafting is limited and not detrimental to fruit quality.Practical ApplicationsGrafting on disease‐resistant rootstock has become an imperative for intensive watermelon production since chlorofluorocarbon‐based soil fumigants were banned from use. Accordingly, most information on the effects of grafting on watermelon fruit quality derives from rootstock selection studies with emphasis on disease resistance and field performance. However, impaired fruit quality, notably low flesh firmness, constitutes a common problem for the commercial summer crop of field‐cultivated watermelon with blame commonly placed on grafting. Moreover, watermelons worldwide are handled postharvest under adverse nonrefrigerated conditions. There remains, however, a paucity of information on the effects of grafting on watermelon postharvest performance. The main objective of this work was to assess the impact of cucurbit hybrid rootstocks, which constitute a major class of disease‐resistant commercial rootstocks, on quality and postharvest performance of watermelon. The results could be applicable to improve the quality and postharvest handling of the watermelon fruit.
A joint modelling framework for daily extremes of river discharge and precipitation in urban areas
Authors: Breinl K. , Strasser U. , Bates P. , Kienberger S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHuman settlements are often at risk from multiple hydro‐meteorological hazards, which include fluvial floods, short‐time extreme precipitation (leading to ‘pluvial’ floods) or coastal floods. In the past, considerable scientific effort has been devoted to assessing fluvial floods. Only recently have methods been developed to assess the hazard and risk originating from pluvial phenomena, whereas little effort has been dedicated to joint approaches. The aim of this study was to develop a joint modelling framework for simulating daily extremes of river discharge and precipitation in urban areas. The basic framework is based on daily observations coupled with a novel precipitation disaggregation algorithm using nearest neighbour resampling combined with the method of fragments to overcome data limitations and facilitate its transferability. The framework generates dependent time series of river discharge and urban precipitation that allow for the identification of fluvial flood days (daily peak discharge), days of extreme precipitation potentially leading to pluvial phenomena (maximum hourly precipitation) and combined fluvial–pluvial flood days (combined time series). Critical thresholds for hourly extreme precipitation were derived from insurance and fire service data.
How presentation format affects the interpretation of probabilistic flood risk information
Authors: Strathie A. , Netto G. , Walker G.H. , Pender G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn many European countries, flood awareness information is communicated through flood extent maps and probabilistic language. However, research suggests that probabilistic information is difficult to understand and that presentation format affects understanding and risk perception. In this study, thirty participants took part in focus groups to explore responses to a flood extent map, and completed a questionnaire to measure the effect of expressing the probability of flooding using different language formats on understanding and risk perception. Responses to the flood extent map reveal participants experienced difficulties interpreting the probabilistic information. In the questionnaire, understanding was high across statements for both self‐report and objective measures. However, the standard way of communicating risks, in terms of years per flooding event, evoked the lowest levels of understanding. For risk perception, there were differences in mean risk ratings across statements, and in general, people perceived the risk as greater when presented in terms of cumulative probability over a number of years than in terms of the probability of a single event. This suggests that by making alterations to the standard format used to communicate probabilistic flood risk information, it may be possible to increase understanding and awareness of the risks posed by flooding.
Fully probabilistic assessment of safety against flooding along the Dutch coast
Authors: Vuik V. , van Balen W. , van Vuren S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper describes a fully probabilistic safety assessment of the Dutch North Sea coast, in which stochastic properties of both hydraulic loads and strength of the flood defences have been taken into account. The study has led to an overview of failure probabilities along the coast with high spatial resolution. Both dikes and dunes have been considered. Failure probabilities at individual locations have been combined to flooding probabilities per dike ring area. The vast majority of the Dutch coastal defences is quite secure in terms of flooding. This study demonstrates that generally, the Dutch dunes provide a higher degree of safety than the sea dikes. When incorporating the consequences of flooding to the analysis, the calculated flooding probabilities can be used to determine flood risks. The probabilistic method, presented in this paper, enables accurate balancing between avoided flood risks and investments to reinforce the flood defences.
Assessing the utility of social media as a data source for flood risk management using a real‐time modelling framework
Authors: Smith L. , Liang Q. , James P. , Lin W. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe utility of social media for both collecting and disseminating information during natural disasters is increasingly recognised. The rapid nature of urban flooding from intense rainfall means accurate surveying of peak depths and flood extents is rarely achievable, hindering the validation of urban flood models. This paper presents a real‐time modelling framework to identify areas likely to have flooded using data obtained only through social media. Graphics processing unit (GPU) accelerated hydrodynamic modelling is used to simulate flooding in a 48‐km2 area of Newcastle upon Tyne, with results automatically compared against flooding identified through social media, allowing inundation to be inferred elsewhere in the city with increased detail and accuracy. Data from Twitter during two 2012 flood events are used to test the framework, with the inundation results indicative of good agreement against crowd‐sourced and anecdotal data, even though the sample of successfully geocoded Tweets was relatively small.
Initial gene vector dosing for studying symptomatology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in non‐human primates
Authors: Jackson Kasey L. , Dayton Robert D. , Fisher‐Perkins Jeanne M. , Didier Peter J. , Baker Kate C. , Weimer Maria , Gutierrez Amparo , Cain Cooper D. , Mathis J. Michael , Gitcho Michael A. , Bunnell Bruce A. , Klein Ronald L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackgroundMost amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research has focused on mice, but there are distinct differences in the functional neuroanatomy of the corticospinal pathway in primates vs. rodents. A non‐human primate model may be more sensitive and more predictive for therapeutic efficacy.MethodsRhesus macaques received recombinant adeno‐associated virus (AAV9) encoding either the ALS‐related pathological protein TDP‐43 or a green fluorescent protein (GFP) control by intravenous administration. Motor function and electromyography were assessed over a nine‐month expression interval followed by post‐mortem analyses.ResultsRecombinant TDP‐43 or GFP was stably expressed long term. Although the TDP‐43 subjects did not manifest severe paralysis and atrophy, there were trends of a partial disease state in the TDP‐43 subjects relative to the control.ConclusionsThese data indicate that a higher gene vector dose will likely be necessary for more robust effects, yet augur that a relevant primate model is feasible.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE HOUSING MARKET AND ITS SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS IN THE POST‐REFORM PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA: A SURVEY OF THE LITERATURE
Authors: Chen Jie , Han Xuehui 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe development of the housing market in the People's Republic of China is not only a major component of Chinese economic growth but also has wide‐ranging influential impacts on Chinese society. A burgeoning number of papers have examined the housing market in the postreform People's Republic of China from various perspectives. This paper aims to provide a thorough survey of the key literature in the field and then supply a complete picture of the dynamics of the housing market in the People's Republic of China. To assess the functional efficiency of this nascent market, we pay particular attention to the literature that is related to the academic debate over the Chinese housing bubble issue. The structure and operation of the housing market is another major concern in this paper. Finally, we summarize the key insights of the literature that we surveyed, note research gaps in the literature, and discuss further research directions in this field.
Laparoscopic cornuotomy for interstitial pregnancy and postoperative course
Authors: Watanabe Tadashi , Watanabe Zen , Watanabe Takanori , Fujimoto Kumiko , Sasaki Etsuko 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the advantages of laparoscopic cornuotomy in treating interstitial pregnancy, and the effect of the procedure on reproductive outcomes.MethodsThirteen patients were treated for interstitial pregnancy by laparoscopic cornuotomy with or without local methotrexate injection, between March 2000 and January 2012 at NTT East Japan Tohoku Hospital and Sendai City Hospital. The patients were followed to assess the outcomes of subsequent pregnancies for at least 1 year after the operation.ResultsAll 13 cases of interstitial pregnancy were successfully treated by laparoscopic cornuotomy, without performing cornual resection or laparotomy. The mean gestational age was 7.6 ± 1.3 weeks, and the average serum hCG level was 20 800 ± 18 100 IU/L. The mean cornual mass size was 34.6 ± 10.2 mm. Eight of the patients later obtained a spontaneous intrauterine pregnancy. Three patients that delivered by cesarean section showed no uterine dehiscence or thinning of the scar at the site of the earlier cornual incision and repair. None of the patients experienced uterine rupture.ConclusionInterstitial pregnancy can be selectively treated by laparoscopic cornuotomy with local methotrexate injection, if managed carefully.
Decreased expression of elastin and lysyl oxidase family genes in urogenital tissues of aging mice
Authors: Jiang Yan , Zong Wen , Luan Hong , Liu Jian‐hua , Zhang Ai‐zhen , Li Xiao‐lin , Liu Shuo‐yang , Zhang Shi‐qian , Gao Jian‐gang 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAimThis study aims to investigate the expression levels of elastin and lysyl oxidase (LOX) family members in the urogenital tissues of natural aging mice and accelerated ovarian aging mice.MethodUteri, vaginas and bladders were harvested from 18‐month‐old female mice and accelerated ovarian aging mice developed by chemotherapeutic agents. Untreated 3‐month‐old female mice were used as controls. The expression levels of elastin and LOX family members were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot.ResultsCompared with untreated young female mice, the expression of elastin and LOX family members significantly decreased both in natural aging mice and accelerated ovarian aging mice.ConclusionAging is a high‐risk factor for pelvic floor disorders. The failure of elastic fiber synthesis and assembly due to the decline in expression levels of elastin and LOX family members during aging may explain the molecular mechanism causing pelvic floor disorders.