bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What do we mean by sensitivity analysis? The need for comprehensive characterization of “global” sensitivity in Earth and Environmental systems models
Authors: Razavi Saman , Gupta Hoshin V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSensitivity analysis is an essential paradigm in Earth and Environmental Systems modeling. However, the term “sensitivity” has a clear definition, based in partial derivatives, only when specified locally around a particular point (e.g., optimal solution) in the problem space. Accordingly, no unique definition exists for “global sensitivity” across the problem space, when considering one or more model responses to different factors such as model parameters or forcings. A variety of approaches have been proposed for global sensitivity analysis, based on different philosophies and theories, and each of these formally characterizes a different “intuitive” understanding of sensitivity. These approaches focus on different properties of the model response at a fundamental level and may therefore lead to different (even conflicting) conclusions about the underlying sensitivities. Here we revisit the theoretical basis for sensitivity analysis, summarize and critically evaluate existing approaches in the literature, and demonstrate their flaws and shortcomings through conceptual examples. We also demonstrate the difficulty involved in interpreting “global” interaction effects, which may undermine the value of existing interpretive approaches. With this background, we identify several important properties of response surfaces that are associated with the understanding and interpretation of sensitivities in the context of Earth and Environmental System models. Finally, we highlight the need for a new, comprehensive framework for sensitivity analysis that effectively characterizes all of the important sensitivity‐related properties of model response surfaces.
A new method for global retrievals of HCHO total columns from the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite
Authors: Li Can , Joiner Joanna , Krotkov Nickolay A. , Dunlap Laura 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe introduce a new method for retrieving formaldehyde (HCHO) based on principal component analysis (PCA) of satellite‐measured radiances. Applying the technique to the Suomi National Polar‐orbiting Partnership/Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (S‐NPP/OMPS) radiances between 328.5 and 356.5 nm, we extract principal components (PCs) associated with various physical processes (e.g., ozone absorption and rotational Raman scattering) and measurement details (e.g., wavelength shift). These PCs, along with precomputed HCHO Jacobians, are utilized in spectral fitting to estimate HCHO loading and reduce interferences. Comparisons with model simulations and independent Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) retrievals indicate that our algorithm can detect enhanced HCHO signals over source regions such as the southeast U.S., producing HCHO total columns with similar spatial distributions and seasonal patterns. While our OMPS retrievals are ~15–20% lower than OMI retrievals from a different algorithm, the differences may be attributed to several instrumental and algorithmic factors. This study demonstrates the potential of PCA algorithms and of OMPS for continuing the long‐term satellite HCHO data record.
Twentieth century dust lows and the weakening of the westerly winds over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Grigholm B. , Mayewski P. A. , Kang S. , Zhang Y. , Morgenstern U. , Schwikowski M. , Kaspari S. , Aizen V. , Aizen E. , Takeuchi N. , Maasch K. A. , Birkel S. , Handley M. , Sneed S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractUnderstanding past atmospheric dust variability is necessary to put modern atmospheric dust into historical context and assess the impacts of dust on the climate. In Asia, meteorological data of atmospheric dust is temporally limited, beginning only in the 1950s. High‐resolution ice cores provide the ideal archive for reconstructing preinstrumental atmospheric dust concentrations. Using a ~500 year (1477–1982 A.D.) annually resolved calcium (Ca) dust proxy from a Tibetan Plateau (TP) ice core, we demonstrate the lowest atmospheric dust concentrations in the past ~500 years during the latter twentieth century. Declines in late nineteenth to twentieth century Ca concentrations significantly correspond with regional zonal wind trends from two reanalysis models, suggesting that the Ca record provides a proxy for the westerlies. Twentieth century warming and attendant atmospheric pressure reductions over northern Asia have potentially reduced temperature/pressure gradients resulting in lower zonal wind velocities and associated dust entrainment/transport in the past ~500 years over the TP.
Monsoonal hillslope processes determine grain size‐specific suspended sediment fluxes in a trans‐Himalayan river
Authors: Struck Martin , Andermann Christoff , Hovius Niels , Korup Oliver , Turowski Jens M. , Bista Raj , Pandit Hari P. , Dahal Ranjan K. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractSediments in rivers record the dynamics of erosion processes. While bulk sediment fluxes are easily and routinely obtained, sediment caliber remains underexplored when inferring erosion mechanisms. Yet sediment grain size distributions may be the key to discriminating their origin. We have studied grain size‐specific suspended sediment fluxes in the Kali Gandaki, a major trans‐Himalayan river. Two strategically located gauging stations enable tracing of sediment caliber on either side of the Himalayan orographic barrier. The data show that fine sediment input into the northern headwaters is persistent, while coarse sediment comes from the High Himalayas during the summer monsoon. A temporally matching landslide inventory similarly indicates the prominence of monsoon‐driven hillslope mass wasting. Thus, mechanisms of sediment supply can leave strong traces in the fluvial caliber, which could project well beyond the mountain front and add to the variability of the sedimentary record of orogen erosion.
A detailed analysis of wastewater‐induced seismicity in the Val d'Agri oil field (Italy)
Authors: Improta Luigi , Valoroso Luisa , Piccinini Davide , Chiarabba Claudio 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Val d'Agri basin in the Apennines seismic belt hosts the largest oil field in onshore Europe. High‐quality recordings from a temporary dense network unravel a swarm of 111 small‐magnitude events (ML ≤ 1.8) occurred in June 2006 during the first stage of wastewater injection into a high‐rate well. High‐precision relative locations define a preexisting blind fault located 1 km below the well inside fractured and saturated carbonates where wastewater is reinjected. Seismicity begins 3 h after the initiation of injection. The seismicity rate strictly correlates with injection curves and temporal variations of elastic and anisotropic parameters. Seismicity is induced by rapid communication of pore pressure perturbations along a high‐permeability fault zone favorably oriented with respect to the local extensional stress field. Our accurate 3‐D locations of 219 events (ML ≤ 2.2) detected by the local operator network after June 2006 concentrate on the preexisting fault measuring 5 km along dip. Over the following 7.5 years, the seismicity rate correlates with short‐term increases in injection pressure.
Effect of Enceladus's rapid synchronous spin on interpretation of Cassini gravity
Authors: McKinnon William B. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEnceladus's degree 2 gravity, determined by Cassini, is nominally nonhydrostatic to 3σ (J2/C22 = 3.38–3.63, as opposed to 10/3). Iess et al. (2014) interpret this in terms of a hydrostatic interior (core) and isostatic (not hydrostatic) floating ice shell. Enceladus's rapid (1.37 d) synchronous spin and tide distorts its shape substantially, though, enough that the predicted hydrostatic J2/C22 is not 10/3 but closer to 3.25. This leads to the following revision to the internal picture of Enceladus, compared with Iess et al.: (1) the satellite's core is somewhat smaller and slightly denser (190 km radius and 2450 kg/m3); (2) the compensation depth (shell thickness) of the global (degree 2) ice shell is ≈ 50 km, rather close to the base of the modeled ice + water layer; and (3) the compensation depth (shell thickness) beneath the South Polar Terrain (from J3) remains shallower (thinner) at ≈ 30 km, independent of but influenced by the degree 2 solution.
Hydraulic fracturing and the Crooked Lake Sequences: Insights gleaned from regional seismic networks
Authors: Schultz Ryan , Stern Virginia , Novakovic Mark , Atkinson Gail , Gu Yu Jeffrey 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWithin central Alberta, Canada, a new sequence of earthquakes has been recognized as of 1 December 2013 in a region of previous seismic quiescence near Crooked Lake, ~30 km west of the town of Fox Creek. We utilize a cross‐correlation detection algorithm to detect more than 160 events to the end of 2014, which is temporally distinguished into five subsequences. This observation is corroborated by the uniqueness of waveforms clustered by subsequence. The Crooked Lake Sequences have come under scrutiny due to its strong temporal correlation (>99.99%) to the timing of hydraulic fracturing operations in the Duvernay Formation. We assert that individual subsequences are related to fracturing stimulation and, despite adverse initial station geometry, double‐difference techniques allow us to spatially relate each cluster back to a unique horizontal well. Overall, we find that seismicity in the Crooked Lake Sequences is consistent with first‐order observations of hydraulic fracturing induced seismicity.
Anti‐Consumption Tactics
Authors: Dassopoulos Andrea 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe rise of mass consumerism through the twentieth century triggered numerous critiques and challenges that have positioned consumption practices as key areas of struggle. Anti‐consumption movements and subcultures have emerged to resist the declining quality of life created by consumer culture and to issue a moral critique of unsustainable consumption. They oppose the ideology of consumerism, which supports an inherently oppressive, global capitalist system by persuading people to consume more than they need. Anti‐consumption tactics such as dumpster diving and culture jamming help individuals resist and challenge oppressive consumerism.
Asian Americans and Consumption
Authors: Lee Stacey J. , Ham Sejung 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Asian Americans are gaining attention as an important consumer group. Asian American consumption is a complicated phenomenon that reflects both the desires and the needs of this diverse population. Owing to the large number of Asian Americans from immigrant backgrounds, their consumption is influenced by connections with their countries of origin. Asian American youths are active consumers of transnational cultural products and their consumption leads to the blending of cultural forms.
B2B
Marketing
Authors: Ribeiro Raquel Barbosa , Soares Isabel 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Business‐to‐business (
B2B
) marketing, formerly known as industrial marketing, concerns marketing activities between organizations: companies, governments, institutions, or
NGOs
.
B2B
marketing particularities mean fewer customers but more stakeholders, more complex decisions, larger quantities, and higher sums of money involved. Consumers are titled customers. The most important customers exert various forms of power over their providers, often determining prices, sales conditions, deadlines, and product customization details. Rationality and efficiency prevail in decision‐making, which is chiefly oriented to best price choices. Purchase procedures are usually formalized, routinized, multistage, and requiring advanced technical expertise from the parts involved. Traditional
B2B
marketing presumes a close customer/supplier relationship and the use of a sales force.
B2B
marketing already accounts for more than 80 percent of e‐commerce, with
CRM
and data analysis being important and increasingly developing research matters.
Beauty Industry
Authors: Whitmer Jennifer M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAlthough methods for beautifying have existed throughout history, the multibillion dollar global beauty industry which exists today has its roots in the modern industrial consumer society, transforming what had been a craft into a capitalist industry. The beauty industry has been critiqued from a number of angles, including its role in promoting a homogenized, white, unattainable ideal of beauty. Feminist critiques examine the beauty industry's contribution to women's subordination, and the way women contend with beauty norms. With the expansion of consumer culture and the tendency toward the aestheticization of the body, there has been a push toward increasing men's use of beauty products, which complicates the relation between gender and beauty.
Big‐Box Stores
Authors: Schoolman Ethan D. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A big‐box store is a physically large retail establishment, often part of a chain, whose size allows for enormous quantities of goods to be sold under one roof. Big‐box stores are associated with a range of contemporary consumption phenomena: strong emphasis on low prices, outsourcing of manufacturing to countries with inexpensive, non‐unionized labor, consistent retail environments regardless of geographical location, suburban sprawl and automobile‐centered transportation, and the advent of “one‐stop shopping.” As their dominance has grown, big‐box stores have attracted both praise for making groceries and household goods cheaper and easier to buy, and criticism for their alleged role in the decline of small, independent businesses and traditional downtowns.
Body and Consumer Culture
Authors: Tyner Keila 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In recent decades, social scientists have placed much importance on understanding the body, particularly as a site whereby the individual connects to and interacts with the social world around them. Much of this theorizing on the body takes into account one of two distinct approaches, the first of which is the notion that “we have a body,” implying that the body is a separate entity from the true inner self. The second approach involves a more complex understanding of how the body is lived in or the experience of embodiment whereby the body is an integrated aspect of the true inner self (i.e., “we are a body.” Contemporary reflections on these seemingly divergent understandings of the body suggest that the possibility of an integrated approach is possible and called for in further theorizing on the body within the context of consumer culture.
Brand Mascots
Authors: Bishop Rebecca 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A brand mascot is an embodied personification of the values and qualities of a particular brand identity. Presented as emblematic of the personality of a brand or product, brand mascots have long been used as a means of engaging consumers and of differentiating products in the marketplace. Featured in advertisements since the late nineteenth century, brand mascots have become an integral feature of consumer culture and are now beginning to develop an online presence in the world of social media.
Brand Loyalty
Authors: Gustafsson Clara 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The traditional definition of brand loyalty is concerned with a consumer's repeat purchase of a certain branded product or service. As a rule, research on the concept argues that the repeat purchase needs to be combined with a favorable attitude toward the brand. Beyond this definition, further labeling of the brand loyalty research includes whether it is behavioral or attitudinal. Brand loyalty has gained an international reputation as a meaningful branding concept because of its prominent role in the highly influential brand equity construct, where brand loyalty is considered the most important of the four consumer‐based brand equity components. Generally, the role of the consumer's brand relationship, for instance as seen in a brand community, is focused in the analysis of qualitative consumer data, downplaying the role of the management of the brand's communication toward consumers in creating brand loyalty. In the brand trust literature, brand loyalty is generally considered an antecedent of brand trust. Recent research on brand loyalty online has often added the concept of brand trust to the brand equity construct to better address loyalty online. Noticeably, stores and brands make extensive use of so‐called loyalty programs or loyalty cards to retain consumers.
Coca‐Colonization
Authors: Casaqui Vander 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCommodity fetishism refers to the Marxian concept of the decontextualization and mystification of the social relations of production in the process of commodification. In consumer culture, the concept often refers to characteristics of advertising and brand discourse to ignore the production of commodities – including the social and environmental costs of large‐scale production – and instead to construct additional meanings and symbolic agency around brands. The concept has influenced consumer culture scholars and key works, and has arguably become more relevant in an era of integrated marketing, licensing, and digital media.
Commodities
Authors: Visconti Luca M. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A commodity, in its wider sense, is any material (product) or immaterial (service, experience, and brand) artifact with a value (functional, symbolic, and/or hedonic) that is produced and eventually traded on the market and made consumable for either companies or end consumers. Over six centuries the term “commodity” has become a battlefield for multiple disciplines and rival ideologies. In particular, while economics and the cognitive sciences tend to interpret commodities as low‐involvement, standardized consumer goods, sociocultural studies interpret the concept more broadly to include any marketable object produced, exchanged, and consumed by today's materialistic consumer culture.
Consumer Behavior
Authors: Belk Russell 
Published: March 2015

AbstractConsumer behavior is a pervasive and dominant facet of consumer life around the globe. It has been studied in a variety of disciplines, albeit with different research methods and differing theoretical perspectives. The major split is between experimental psychological studies and ethnographic sociological studies. The psychological perspective emphasizes individual consumer choices, while the sociological perspective focuses on the social and cultural aspects of consumption. These and other disciplinary frameworks may take the perspectives of consumers, marketers, governments, or human societies as their focus and may examine contemporary or historical consumption within a single culture or across the world's cultures. The fact that so many disciplines and researchers have come to focus on consumption reflects the major role that consumption has come to play in our lives and identities.
Consumer Culture, History of
Authors: Magaudda Paolo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe rise of an autonomous and self‐aware consumer culture was a long journey during which major changes, relating to the transition from the feudal world to modern societies, were accompanied by profound transformations in the set of cultural values associated with commodities and consumption. Although the notion of consumer culture did not emerge in Western culture until after World WarII, the historical rise of a recognizable set of cultural values and norms associated with consumption certainly goes back to earlier stages of the modern era and can be traced back to the Renaissance. The second half of the twentieth century – when the gravitational center of the evolution of consumption shifted from Europe to North America – is undoubtedly the age of the greatest recognition of consumer culture, both positively and in terms of critical reaction to its pervasive presence in contemporary society.
Consumer Socialization
Authors: Ekström Karin M. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Consumer socialization is about learning to function as a consumer in the marketplace. It is believed to be particularly strong during childhood as children become consumers. However, consumer socialization is a lifelong process: primary socialization takes place during childhood and secondary socialization occurs subsequently. One crucial component of socialization is to conform to societal requirements or norms. Another important component of socialization is social interaction. A majority of research has focused on the family as the socialization agent or a few socialization agents such as family, friends, or mass media. Most studies on consumer socialization have focused on learning. The consumer socialization process has been described with cognitive developmental and social learning theories. Researchers have also advocated a combination of theories such as modeling, reinforcement and social interaction. Overall, there is too little research on the processes through which consumer socialization occurs.
Consumer Society
Authors: Miles Steven 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
A consumer society is a society in which the buying and selling of goods and services is its defining characteristic. The consumer society is ideological in nature. It is the product of global economic processes that are founded on an almost universal commitment to the free market. In a consumer society everyday life is the product of a society underpinned by the opportunities and limitations that consumerism provides. That system is ideologically powerful inasmuch as it appears to define the parameters within which citizens conduct their everyday lives. The consumer society purports to be democratic yet it is inherently divisive and self‐perpetuating.
Consumption in Africa
Authors: Hahn Hans Peter 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn the past African societies have been studied by anthropologists, who were merely interested in local communities, where production, distribution, and consumption form an entity. As a consequence of the bias toward subsistence economy, the global entanglements of African markets have long been understudied. Even within the mainstream of the so‐called transatlantic studies, Africa was mostly considered as a provider of slaves. However, since Roman times, Africa has also participated in global markets as a consumer. In early modern times, European traders reported difficulties in selling the goods they had brought with them on their vessels, because they did not meet the tastes of consumers in Africa. From the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries, the varieties of cloth, jewelry, and ironware offered by European traders on West and East African shores changed frequently, following rapid changes in African ideas about fashion and style. As these practices indicate, the consumption of global goods has been part and parcel of African economies for a long time. It is therefore legitimate to speak about an almost forgotten “genealogy of consumerism,” which redefines the place of African societies in the context of emergent global markets.