bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The dynamic changes of zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies in Czech children from the onset of Type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Petruzelkova L. , Ananieva‐Jordanova R. , Vcelakova J. , Vesely Z. , Stechova K. , Lebl J. , Dusatkova P. , Sumnik Z. , Coles R. , Powell M. , Furmaniak J. , Rees Smith B. , Kolouskova S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAimsThe prevalence of autoantibodies to zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) in Czech children at the onset of Type 1 diabetes mellitus and dynamic changes in ZnT8 autoantibody levels during disease progression were studied. The value of ZnT8 autoantibody measurements in diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes was assessed.MethodsSerum samples from 227 children with newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetes and from 101 control children without diabetes were analysed in a retrospective cross‐sectional study. One hundred and seventy‐one samples from 116 of the patients with diabetes were analysed in a follow‐up study at (median) intervals of 1, 3, 5 and 10 years after onset of Type 1 diabetes. ZnT8 autoantibodies were measured using a bridging enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, while antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase, insulinoma antigen 2 and insulin were measured by radioimmunoassays.ResultsZnT8 autoantibodies were detected in 163/227 (72%) of children at Type 1 diabetes onset and in 1/101 (1%) of the control subjects. Sixteen out of 227 (7%) patients with Type 1 diabetes were antibody negative based on three antibodies (glutamic acid decarboxylase, insulinoma antigen 2 and insulin). This false‐negative rate was reduced to 10/227 (4.4%) (P < 0.05) after inclusion of ZnT8 autoantibody measurements. Of the children, 142/227 (63%) were positive for at least three antibodies and the most common combination was insulinoma antigen 2, glutamic acid decarboxylase and ZnT8. ZnT8 autoantibody levels decreased over time after Type 1 diabetes onset and the presence and level of ZnT8 autoantibodies correlated with IA‐2 autoantibodies.ConclusionsA ZnT8 autoantibody enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay showed 72% disease sensitivity and 99% specificity at Type 1 diabetes onset. Measurements of ZnT8 autoantibodies are important for Type 1 diabetes diagnosis and should be included in the panel of autoantibodies tested at the onset of Type 1 diabetes.
Putting your eggs in several baskets: oviposition in a wasp that walks between several figs
Authors: Suleman Nazia , Raja Shazia , Quinnell Rupert J. , Compton Stephen G. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe interaction between figs (Ficus spp., Moraceae) and their pollinator fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae) is an obligate mutualism, but females of dioecious fig trees exploit fig wasps without providing rewards. Figs are closed inflorescences that typically trap pollinator females after entry, but some fig wasp species can re‐emerge (although wingless) and subsequently oviposit in and pollinate further figs. Using glasshouse populations, we examined the sex ratios and clutches laid by single foundresses of Kradibia tentacularis (Grandi) in their first and subsequent male figs of Ficus montana Blume, and how the probability of emergence and entering a second fig varied between seasons. A maximum of four figs were entered by any one foundress. Wingless foundresses were able to locate and enter figs up to 60 cm from the first fig they entered, but the probability of entry declined sharply with distance from that fig. The foundresses that re‐emerged produced slightly higher adult offspring totals than those that failed to re‐emerge. Clutch sizes of a single foundress in its first fig equalled those in all the subsequent figs combined, with clutch size per fig decreasing when more figs were entered. Smaller clutches had less female‐biased sex ratios. Figs were more numerous in summer than in winter, but the proportion of figs entered by only wingless foundresses remained unchanged. Movement between figs increases pollinator reproductive success in male figs, thereby encouraging foundresses that encounter a female tree to also move between and pollinate several female figs.
Impact of Ceratocystis wilt on eucalyptus tree growth and cellulose pulp yield
Authors: Mafia R. G. , Ferreira M. A. , Zauza E. A. V. , Silva J. F. , Colodette J. L. , Alfenas A. C. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryIn this study, we determined the effects of Ceratocystis fimbriata wilt on volumetric growth and cellulose pulp yield of eucalyptus. Seven‐year‐old healthy and infected trees were separated into different classes of severity, and the individual volume of each whole tree with bark was determined. Volumetric losses were found regardless of the class of disease severity, resulting in reduction in volumetric growth of the trees from 65% to 87%, depending on the infection level. Two approaches were used for evaluating the effects of the disease on cellulose pulp yield: (i) evaluation of wood basic density and chemical composition, contents of ethanol/toluene extractives and Klason lignin, and the alkaline load and screen yield across Kraft pulping to kappa number 18 ± 0.5 for both healthy and discoloured materials; (ii) determination of the alkaline load and yield across Kraft pulping to kappa number 18 ± 0.5 of woods with different levels of discoloration (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of discoloured wood). Discoloured wood presented lower basic density, higher ethanol/toluene extractives and Klason lignin, higher alkaline load and lower pulp screened yield at kappa number 18 ± 0.5 compared with the healthy ones. Increasing the fraction of infected wood in chip furnishes resulted in proportionally increased alkaline load demand and decreased screen yields. Adding 50% of infected wood in the chip furnish resulted in 23.8% increase in the alkali load and 13.7% reduction in the pulp screen yield at kappa number 18 ± 0.5. The results obtained have proved that the disease reduces volumetric growth, increases wood consumption and reduces yield in eucalyptus pulp production.
Tundra ecosystems observed to be CO2sources due to differential amplification of the carbon cycle
Authors: Belshe E. F. , Schuur E. A. G. , Bolker B. M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAre tundra ecosystems currently a carbon source or sink? What is the future trajectory of tundra carbon fluxes in response to climate change? These questions are of global importance because of the vast quantities of organic carbon stored in permafrost soils. In this meta‐analysis, we compile 40 years ofCO2flux observations from 54 studies spanning 32 sites across northern high latitudes. Using time‐series analysis, we investigated if seasonal or annualCO2fluxes have changed over time, and whether spatial differences in mean annual temperature could help explain temporal changes inCO2flux. Growing season netCO2uptake has definitely increased since the 1990s; the data also suggest (albeit less definitively) an increase in winterCO2emissions, especially in the last decade. In spite of the uncertainty in the winter trend, we estimate that tundra sites were annualCO2sources from the mid‐1980s until the 2000s, and data from the last 7 years show that tundra continue to emitCO2annually.CO2emissions exceedCO2uptake across the range of temperatures that occur in the tundra biome. Taken together, these data suggest that despite increases in growing season uptake, tundra ecosystems are currentlyCO2sources on an annual basis.
Warming effects on greenhouse gas fluxes in peatlands are modulated by vegetation composition
Authors: Ward Susan E. , Ostle Nicholas J. , Oakley Simon , Quirk Helen , Henrys Peter A. , Bardgett Richard D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractUnderstanding the effects of warming on greenhouse gas feedbacks to climate change represents a major global challenge. Most research has focused on direct effects of warming, without considering how concurrent changes in plant communities may alter such effects. Here, we combined vegetation manipulations with warming to investigate their interactive effects on greenhouse gas emissions from peatland. We found that although warming consistently increased respiration, the effect on net ecosystemCO2exchange depended on vegetation composition. The greatest increase inCO2sink strength after warming was when shrubs were present, and the greatest decrease when graminoids were present.CH4was more strongly controlled by vegetation composition than by warming, with largest emissions from graminoid communities. Our results show that plant community composition is a significant modulator of greenhouse gas emissions and their response to warming, and suggest that vegetation change could alter peatland carbon sink strength under future climate change.
Angiogenesis enhanced by Phyllocaulis boraceiensis mucus in human cells
Authors: de Toledo‐Piza Ana R. , Maria Durvanei A. 
Published: August 2013

Phyllocaulis boraceiensis mucus is known to be a compound capable of inducing cell proliferation and enhancing the wound healing process. The process of angiogenesis is a chain of mechanisms responsible for the formation of new vessels, which are are involved in cell proliferation, and factors that will act in the healing process. Our aim was to demonstrate that the angiogenesis process is enhanced in cultures of endothelial cells and fibroblasts treated with P. boraceiensis mucus. Experiments were carried out with 105 cells·mL−1 of endothelial cells and fibroblasts treated with P. boraceiensis mucus in concentrations that have significant effects in proliferation assays, i.e. 0.012 μg·μL−1 and 0.18 μg·μL−1, both of which cause extreme responses. Aliquots of 100 μL of cell suspensions were incubated for 1 h at 4 °C with 1 μL of antibodies specific for the cell markers vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 and cluster of differentiation 34, and negative isotype controls. Reading and expression analysis of cell markers was performed on a FACSCalibur flow cytometer. Expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 and cluster of differentiation 34 expression were significantly increased in endothelial cells cultivated with 0.012 μg·μL−1 P. boraceiensis mucus, suggesting that this compound is capable of enhancing angiogenesis.
Public Debt in Post-1850 German Economic Thought vis-à-vis the Pre-1850 British Classical School
Authors: Holtfrerich Carl-Ludwig 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
The positions of British and German economists on public debt in the long nineteenth century differed substantially from each other. Whereas British classical economists regarded any public debt as ruinous for the country, German economists promoted debt accumulation for productivity-enhancing public investment and current outlays with benefits for future fiscal years. This article summarizes the positions of the most prominent British economists before 1850, David Hume, Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Thomas R. Malthus and John Stuart Mill, and deals more extensively with those of their German colleagues Carl Dietzel, Lorenz von Stein and Adolph Wagner after 1855.
Clinicopathology of recurrent hepatocellular carcinomas after radiofrequency ablation treated with salvage surgery
Authors: Yamamoto Naoki , Okano Keiichi , Kushida Yoshio , Deguchi Akihiro , Yachida Shinichi , Suzuki Yasuyuki 
Published: August 2013

AimRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective standard local therapy for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, local recurrence and/or tumor seeding after RFA remain major problems. For better understanding of underlying factors, we clarified clinicopathological features of recurrent HCC treated with RFA.MethodsThis retrospective study included 21 patients who underwent surgical resection for HCC disease recurrence after RFA. Clinicopathological findings, including patterns of recurrence, immunohistochemical expression of proliferation markers (Ki‐67 and p27Kip1) and survival outcome were assessed.ResultsThe median time interval after RFA until the diagnosis of intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic tumor progression was 12 months (range, 3–84). Radical surgical resection was attempted for intrahepatic local recurrence in 16 patients (18 lesions), for peritoneal dissemination in four, for lymph node metastases in three and for adrenal metastasis in two. In 14 of the 21 (67%) patients, the recurrent HCC were histologically diagnosed as of poorly differentiated type. Their average Ki‐67 and p27Kip1 labeling indices were significantly higher (P = 0.020) and lower (P < 0.001), respectively, compared with values for the 108 HCC surgically resected at the initial treatment. Portal involvement was significantly higher (P = 0.01) in recurrent tumors after RFA (72%) than in HCC surgically resected at the initial treatment (43%). The mortality rate of salvage surgery was 0%, with cumulative survival rates at 1 and 3 years of 58.9% and 35.7%, respectively.ConclusionThe recurrent tumors after RFA have characteristics of poor differentiation degree and abnormalities in cell‐cycle regulators and are associated with aggressive vascular invasiveness.
The prognostic value of glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase 1‐like expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Feng Zhien , Li Jian Nan , Wang Lin , Pu Yin Fei , Wang Yixiang , Guo Chuan Bin 
Published: August 2013

AimsIn this study, we sought to determine the prognostic significance of glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase 1‐like (GPD1L) expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).Methods and resultsThe mRNA levels of GPD1L were measured in 70 paired HNSCC and corresponding adjacent normal tissues using real‐time PCR. GPD1L protein levels were evaluated in HNSCC from 135 patients using immunohistochemical staining. Correlations were analysed between GPD1L levels and local recurrence rate, regional recurrence rate, second primary malignancy rate), disease‐free survival (DFS) and disease‐specific survival (DSS). The results of real‐time PCR showed that, compared with the paired normal tissues, mRNA levels of GPD1L were decreased significantly in HNSCC (P < 0.001). Patients whose tumours showed high GPD1L protein expression had a significantly better prognosis than those whose tumours showed low expression (61.3% versus 21.4%, P < 0.001 for DFS; 68% versus 39.3%, P = 0.001 for DSS). High GPD1L expression was associated with a lower local recurrence rate than low GPD1L expression (P = 0.049). Multivariate survival analysis also showed that GPD1L expression was an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.001).ConclusionsOur results indicate that the GPD1L expression is a strong predictor for local recurrence and survival in HNSCC.
The Bonding Strength of HA/ZrO2‐Layered Biomaterials with Different Interfacial Patterns
Authors: Quan Renfu , Zhang Liang , Xu Jinwei , Wang Chunyan , Wei Xicheng , Yang Disheng 
Published: August 2013

The study investigate three kinds of interfacial patterns (convex, corrugated, grid‐like) were designed so as to improve the interfacial bonding strengths of hydroxyapatite (HA)/ZrO2 biomaterials. The thicknesses of prepared HA coatings were 50–250 μm. Both shear and tensile bonding strengths of the composites with different interfacial patterns were improved compared with the tiled samples because of the different contact geometry. The analysis on the fracture surfaces by SEM and XRD confirmed that the adhesive modes of HA and ZrO2 were the combination of mechanical and physical bonding. The research is beneficial to the clinical application of HA for a layered composite.
Flour and anthocyanin extracts of jaboticaba skins used as a natural dye in yogurt
Authors: de Carvalho Alves Ana Paula , Corrêa Angelita Duarte , Pinheiro Ana Carla Marques , de Oliveira Flávia Cíntia 
Published: August 2013

SummaryThis study used the flour and anthocyanin extracts from jaboticaba skins as a dye in yogurt. Jaboticaba skins were lyophilised and ground. Yogurt that was made in the conventional fashion was treated with the addition of flour from jaboticaba skins in the concentrations of 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% or with the anthocyanin extract in the concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%, with and without tannic acid; the yogurt samples were stored for 45 days. In general, the results of the acceptance test of the yogurt samples ranged between like slightly and like moderately. The highest scores received by the anthocyanin extract (like slightly) were obtained for the concentrations of 0.5–1.5%. The colour retention for all yogurt samples was above 70%. The average half‐life was greater than 2500 h, considered high. We conclude that the use of jaboticaba skins as additives to yogurt can be an alternative to add value to jaboticaba.
Effects of hydrogen sulphide on quality and antioxidant capacity of mulberry fruit
Authors: Hu Huali , Shen Wenbiao , Li Pengxia 
Published: August 2013

SummaryHere we investigated the effect of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) on postharvest quality of mulberry fruit and possible underlying mechanisms. Endogenous H2S content first increased after harvest and then decreased sharply with the process of ripening and senescence. A fumigation with H2S released from 0.8 mm NaHS solution could significantly enhance the endogenous H2S content by increasing the activities of D‐cysteine desulfhydrase and L‐cysteine desulfhydrase. NaHS could significantly slow down the ripening rate of mulberry fruit and reduce the respiratory intensity and anthocyanin content. Moreover, H2S fumigation was able to obviously delay or slow down the decreases in soluble protein, titratable acidity and ascorbate contents. Further results showed that activities of representative antioxidant enzymes in H2S‐treated sample were higher than those of control samples during storage, resulting in a decrease in superoxide anion production. Together, these results clearly indicate that H2S fumigation has a potential role in the preservation of mulberries.
Clinical benefits and economic impact of post-surgical care provided by pharmacists in a Canadian hospital
Authors: Neville Heather L , Chevalier Bernadette , Daley Chris , Nodwell Lisa , Harding Claudia , Hiltz Anne , MacDonald Tammy , Skedgel Chris , MacKinnon Neil J , Slayter Kathryn 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Objective
Clinical pharmacists improve the quality of patient care by reducing adverse drug events (ADEs), length of stay and mortality. This impact is currently not well described in surgery. The objective was to evaluate clinical and economic outcomes after clinical pharmacist services were added to two general surgical wards in an adult hospital.

Methods
This was a prospective, observational study. All clinical interventions to resolve drug therapy problems were documented and assessed for severity, value and the probability of preventing an ADE. Cost avoidance was calculated using two methods: by avoiding additional days in hospital (CA$3593/ADE) or additional hospital costs ($7215/ADE). Two clinical pharmacy specialists and the surgical care pharmacist independently categorized the interventions; disagreements were resolved by consensus.

Key findings
The pharmacists made 1097 interventions in 6 months with a 98% acceptance rate by surgical staff. Half of the interventions were rated significant for severity (561, 51.1%) and value (559, 51.0%). One-quarter of the interventions had a 40% or greater probability of preventing an ADE (270, 24.6%). Cost avoidance was estimated to be $0.68–1.36 million or $617–1239 per intervention. Pharmacists avoided an additional 867 days in the hospital for surgical patients.

Conclusion
The pharmacist's role in the management of the drug therapy needs of the post-surgical patient has the potential to improve clinical and patient outcomes and avoid healthcare costs. The inclusion of clinical pharmacists in surgical wards may result in $7 in savings for every $1 invested.
Renal transplantation in Indigenous Australians of the Northern Territory: closing the gap
Authors: Majoni S. W. , Abeyaratne A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractChronic kidney disease causes high morbidity and mortality among Indigenous Australians of the Northern Territory (NT). Studies have shown chronic kidney disease rates of 4–10 times higher in indigenous than non‐indigenous Australians and prevalent dialysis rates of 700–1200 per million population. For most patients with end‐stage renal failure, renal transplantation provides the optimal treatment for people with end‐stage renal disease. It reduces morbidity and mortality, and improves survival and quality of life. Graft and patient survival rates of over 80% at 5 years depending on the donor source (deceased vs living donor) are expected worldwide. However, this is not the case in Indigenous Australians of the NT where graft and patient survival are both around 50% at 5 years suggesting death with functioning graft as the most common cause of graft loss. It would provide the best treatment option for indigenous people most of who live in remote (18%) and very remote communities (63%). Many have to relocate from their communities to urban or regional centres for dialysis. Available options to avoid relocation include peritoneal dialysis, home haemodialysis and community health centre dialysis, but the acceptance rates for these are low, hence renal transplantation would provide the best option. There is evidence of identified barriers to renal transplantation for indigenous people of the NT. This review explores published data on why rates of renal transplantation in indigenous people of the NT are low and the reasons for poor outcomes highlighting possible areas of improvement.
Evaluating alternative Frequentist inferential approaches for optimal order quantities in the newsvendor model under Exponential demand
Authors: Halkos George E. , Kevork Ilias S. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThree estimation policies for the optimal order quantity of the classical newsvendor model when the demand is Exponentially distributed are evaluated in this paper. The evaluation is performed analytically for different combinations of sample sizes and values of the requested critical fractile. The statistical measures that have been chosen to perform the evaluation are (a) the actual critical fractile, namely, the actual probability for the estimated order quantities to meet the demand of the period, (b) the mean square error of the estimators for the optimal order quantity, and (c) the range of deviations of estimated order quantities from the optimal order quantity, provided that the probability of taking such a range is the same for the three estimation policies. For small and moderate sample sizes, no estimation policy predominates over the other two approaches, and the choice should be made on a subjective base according to the individual preferences of researchers or practitioners.
The Protection of Geographical Indications in Zimbabwe: An Overview of the Relevant Legislation, Institutional Framework and Mechanisms
Authors: Nyakotyo Stewart 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper, I examine the approach taken by Zimbabwe to regulate the use of geographical indications (GIs). In line with its obligations under the Trade‐Related Aspects of Intellectual Property, Zimbabwe enacted the Geographical Indications Act (chapter 26:06), thereby establishing a specific legal and institutional framework for the protection of GIs. Further, I take a closer look at the implications of this development and the relationship between the law on GIs and other pertinent pieces of legislation such as the trademark law. Despite the adoption of a sui generis law, Zimbabwe is yet to realize economic benefits, if any, from GIs. I make a proposition that an in‐depth study is necessary for the purposes of assessing the costs, benefits and potential contribution of GIs to the socio‐economic development of the country.