bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perinatal Airway Management Mandibular Anomalies: A National Inpatient Cohort Analysis
Authors: Puricelli Michael D. , Barr Samantha J. , Ellefson Johanna L. , Matabele Maya N. , Nuttall Elle C. , Garcia Gisselle , Huang Sabrina X. , Venkatesh Manasa , Lobeck Inna N. 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo characterize incidence of mandibular anomalies (MAs) and compare gestational age, airway interventions, and complications among individuals with MA phenotypes (isolated retrognathia, isolated micrognathia, syndromic micrognathia, micrognathia plus cleft palate/cleft lip and palate, agnathia/micrognathia plus cervical auricle/otocephaly, and agnathia/micrognathia plus microstomia) and unaffected individuals.MethodsThe Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database was used to collect data over a 20‐year period beginning in 2000. Interventions were classified as perinatal when performed on day of life (DOL) 0 or 1 and subsequent when performed during the birth hospitalization after DOL 1. Hypoxic complications included cardiac arrest, birth asphyxia, hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy, anoxic brain damage, intraventricular hemorrhage or cerebral infarction. Descriptive statistics are reported, and the Rao‐Scott chi‐square test compared groups.ResultsMAs affected 119 per 100,000 birth visits. Preterm delivery was more frequent for all MA phenotypes. Individuals with MA phenotypes are more likely to require medical attention (airway intervention on DOL 0 or 1 OR no airway intervention received but patient sustained hypoxic complication/mortality): 16.2%–70.7% vs. 3.8%, p < 0.01. Despite receipt of airway interventions at a higher rate, collectively individuals with MAs who received an airway intervention on DOL 0 or 1 have a mildly elevated risk of hypoxic complication or mortality (32.4% vs. 26.4%, p < 0.01).ConclusionsPreterm birth is more common, however, does not account for the elevated rate of airway intervention. Individuals with MAs require higher rates of medical attention, and current airway management paradigms are insufficient to prevent complications and mortality.Level of EvidenceIII Laryngoscope, 2024
Featured Front Cover
Authors: Wang Tao , Liu Benli , Niu Qinghe , Tan Lihai , Qu Jianjun , Niu Baicheng , Yin Daiying 
Published: August 2024

The cover image is based on the article Sediment transportation by strong winds over Gobi surfaces: Field observations along the Lanzhou–Xinjiang high‐speed railway by Tao Wang et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.5200.image
Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Their Awareness About Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Diabetic Centers of Riyadh City
Authors: Mujamammi Ahmed H. , Sabi Essa M. , Alsaawi Faisal M. , Alfahed Naif A. , Alrajhi Omar A. , Alshaalan Hamad A. , Alqahtani Mohamed F. , Alamer Mohammed A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTAimsLack of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) awareness both directly and indirectly causes a medical and financial burden worldwide. The objective of this study is to provide new insights, focusing on type 2 diabetics and their knowledge levels about OSA in King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and to recognize obesity as a common risk factor contributing to OSA in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) participants.MethodsAn analytical cross‐sectional study was conducted from July 2022 to December 2022 with a convenience sampling method of 386 participants (18 years old and above). The study was done face‐to‐face using an electronic questionnaire. The inclusion criterion was all T2DM patients at the waiting area of KKUH Diabetes Center in Riyadh, excluding participants with other metabolic disorders.ResultsOverall knowledge levels were poor, with 70.2% of participants not knowledgeable about the disease and 81.3% of participants having no knowledge concerning the bidirectional relationship between T2DM and OSA. Statistical significance was found between the risk of developing OSA symptoms and body mass index ≥30 (p ≤ 0.001).ConclusionThe majority have very little to no knowledge regarding OSA and its bidirectional relationship with T2DM, indicating the need to put more effort into improving participant's awareness in this regard. Moreover, obesity should be considered as a common risk factor, recommending patients to practice healthier habits to minimize the risks and decrease mortality.
Stabilization of nitrite in the presence of the nitrification inhibitor allylthiourea (ATU) in freshwater nitrification rate measurements
Authors: Bosviel Jade , Kitzinger Katharina , Pester Michael 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNitrification rate measurements provide critical information on the performance of an environmental process central to the N cycle and are best studied using isotope labeling techniques. However, combining the high sensitivity of isotope labeling techniques with selected inhibition of nitrifiers as a whole or of specific nitrifier guilds has not been established in limnology. This can be achieved with different concentrations of the commonly used nitrification inhibitor allylthiourea (ATU). In the 15N‐ammonium oxidation technique, the converted isotope label is typically captured in an excess pool of 14N‐nitrite. Here, we assessed how different storage conditions affect the stability of the nitrite pool in freshwater samples treated with ATU. When stored frozen, the nitrite pool was rapidly destabilized to 25–31% after 7 d of storage and even to less than 5% after storage exceeding 90 d for samples treated with ATU, thus making them unusable for rate determinations in these cost and labor‐intensive experiments. In comparison, this was not the case in marine samples or freshwater samples not treated with ATU, where the nitrite pool remained stable. Building on these results, we tested two options to stabilize nitrite during the storage of freshwater samples. The nitrite pool was stable if samples were stored at 4°C instead of freezing. We recommend this option for short‐term storage. For long‐term storage, samples should be supplemented with 0.5 mmol L−1 NaCl to increase salinity before freezing. As in marine samples, this stabilized the nitrite pool. Our results provide important guidance for the storage of non‐saline samples used for nitrification rate measurements in freshwater environments.
Bis(phosphinophenyl)amido‐Ligated Binuclear Rare‐Earth Metal Complexes for Highly cis‐1,4‐Selective Polymerization of 1,3‐Conjugated Dienes
Authors: Shen Liying , Zhai Jingjing , Huo Yanchen , Wang Xiuling , Shi Xiaochao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA series of binuclear rare‐earth metal complexes based on the ligands containing bis(phosphinophenyl)amido‐PNP unit are successfully synthesized. All the ligands and the corresponding binuclear complexes are fully characterized by NMR spectra (1H, 13C, and 31P). In conjunction with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4], all the binuclear complexes exhibited high catalytic activity and high cis‐1,4‐selectivity (>99%) toward the polymerization of 1,3‐conjugated dienes (isoprene, β‐myrcene and β‐farnesene) with excellent livingness at room temperature or even 80 °C.
Hot deformation behavior and microstructural evolution of titanium‐aluminum based alloy during hot compression
Authors: Duan Z. X. , Chen H. , Shen Y. X. , Liu L. P. , Feng X. R. , Song X. L. , Zou H. H. , Han Y. , Ran X. , Chen H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, titanium‐aluminum based alloy was successfully prepared by introducing titanium powders using powder metallurgy. The experimental results indicated that the microstructures of alloys were composed of the new trititanium‐aluminium layers skeleton and the γ+α2 phases filler, which exhibited excellent compression properties. The compressive strength of the titanium‐aluminum based alloy (10 wt.% titanium) were 509.9 MPa, higher than monolithic Ti‐48Al‐2Cr‐2Nb alloy at 800 °C and 1×10−4 s−1. The deformation mechanism is mainly referred to the motion and rotation of γ+α2 areas and dynamic recrystallization. The γ+α2 areas were surrounded by complete new trititanium‐aluminium layers, which is beneficial to dislocation pile‐up, cross and tangle at grain boundaries, resulting in high strength. Besides, the dislocation pile of γ, α2 phase, and twins in γ phases, are the deformation mechanism in alloys.
Evaluation on the performance and wear of blades in a small‐sized high‐density polyethylene shredder
Authors: Jalisa A. B. , Wong J. H. , Karen W. M. J. , Liew W. Y. H. , Chua B. L. , Siambun N. J. S. , Melvin G. J. H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, a small‐sized shredder machine equipped with spiral oriented double‐edged rotating and fixed blades was utilized to shred high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) waste. The performance of the shredder machine was determined based on the recycling and shredding efficiency, the percentage of retention, and the wear of its rotating and fixed blades. The wear of the blades was examined using an optical microscope, a scanning electron microscope, an energy dispersive x‐ray, and an x‐ray diffraction. High recycling (~95 %–98 %) and shredding (~66 %–70 %) efficiency, and low percentage of retention (~1.2 %–4.1 %) indicated a reliable performance of the shredder machine. The rotating blade exhibited higher wear at the back end, compared to the front end for the fixed blade. The wear of the blades was due to scratching and edge chipping. Formation of iron oxides during shredding did not cause significant changes in the hardness of the blades. Based on the evaluation, cost‐effective and time saving maintenance of the shredder blades could be achieved by gradual maintenance starting from the blade exhibited high wear.
Incretin‐based therapies for the management of cardiometabolic disease in the clinic: Past, present, and future
Authors: Psaltis James P. , Marathe Jessica A. , Nguyen Mau T. , Le Richard , Bursill Christina A. , Marathe Chinmay S. , Nelson Adam J. , Psaltis Peter J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAmong newer classes of drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) are incretin‐based agents that lower both blood sugar levels and promote weight loss. They do so by activating pancreatic GLP‐1 receptors (GLP‐1R) to promote glucose‐dependent insulin release and inhibit glucagon secretion. They also act on receptors in the brain and gastrointestinal tract to suppress appetite, slow gastric emptying, and delay glucose absorption. Phase 3 clinical trials have shown that GLP‐1 RAs improve cardiovascular outcomes in the setting of T2DM or overweight/obesity in people who have, or are at high risk of having atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This is largely driven by reductions in ischemic events, although emerging evidence also supports benefits in other cardiovascular conditions, such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The success of GLP‐1 RAs has also seen the evolution of other incretin therapies. Tirzepatide has emerged as a dual glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP‐1 RA, with more striking effects on glycemic control and weight reduction than those achieved by isolated GLP‐1R agonism alone. This consists of lowering glycated hemoglobin levels by more than 2% and weight loss exceeding 15% from baseline. Here, we review the pharmacological properties of GLP‐1 RAs and tirzepatide and discuss their clinical effectiveness for T2DM and overweight/obesity, including their ability to reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We also delve into the mechanistic basis for these cardioprotective effects and consider the next steps in implementing existing and future incretin‐based therapies for the broader management of cardiometabolic disease.
The out‐of‐pocket cost of living with obesity: Results from a survey in Spain, South Korea, Brazil, India, Italy, and Japan
Authors: Ferreira Karine , Kont Evant , Abdelkhalik Amira , Jones Dominic , Baker‐Knight James 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesIn many countries, obesity treatments are not fully reimbursed by healthcare systems. People living with obesity (PwO) often pay out‐of‐pocket (OOP) for pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions, placing them in a position of financial risk to manage their condition. This study sought to understand the OOP expenditures and non‐financial costs incurred by PwO to manage weight.MethodsA 25‐min cross‐sectional online survey was conducted with PwO between ages 18–60 in Italy, Japan, India, Brazil, Spain and South Korea. Respondents were recruited using proprietary vendor panels and non‐probability sampling. N = 600 participants completed the survey (n = 100 per country).ResultsThe mean annual OOP expenditure related to weight loss/management was $7,351, accounting for nearly 17% of annual household income. Costs generally increased by BMI. Half or more of the respondents agreed that obesity affected multiple aspects of their lives (outside activities, running a household, social life, work, family life, traveling). 46% agreed that obesity limited their job prospects.ConclusionPwO spend a notable amount of their income paying OOP expenditures related to managing their weight. Quantifying the individual economic burden of living with obesity can inform the understanding of the resources required and policy changes needed to treat obesity as a disease.
Composition design and property investigation of bismaleimide by branched crosslinking structure with low dielectric permittivity and high toughness
Authors: Shi Jiahao , Wang Xuan , Gao Yuanjie , Zhang Xiaorui , Weng Ling , Sun Xue 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to the high‐power environments of electronic components, achieving the exceptional dielectric properties and mechanical behavior necessary for electronic packaging materials presents a significant challenge. In this study, a trifunctional maleimide (HTMI) was synthesized by reacting hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer (HDI trimer) with Maleic anhydride (MA), followed by the preparation of Bismaleimide (BMI) resin featuring a micro‐branching structure through its reaction with diallyl bisphenol A (DBA) ether and BMI. The intentionally designed micro‐branching structure resulted in an increase in the free volume within BMI, leading to an 8.8% reduction in the dielectric constant. Additionally, this micro‐branching architecture imparted superior mechanical properties to the BMI resin, as demonstrated by a 140% increase in bending strength and a 149% increase in impact strength of the cured product.
Improving flexural performances of fused filament fabricated short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composites with natural‐inspired structural design
Authors: Zhou Kexuan , Wang Zhaogui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBoth the nacre‐like bionic microstructure and the spiral laminated bionic configuration exhibit superior damage‐tolerance characteristics. On the basis of this observation, the design concept of the bionic helical‐interlayer configuration is innovatively integrated into the design of a bionic nacre‐like honeycomb structure. By systematically studying different spiral angles of honeycomb's interlayer stacking forms, their influence on the structural performance is deeply discussed with four‐point bending tests. Mechanical samples are carefully prepared using short carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composites (i.e., PA6‐CF) through conventional fused filament fabrication (FFF) 3D printing technology, where the accuracy and reliability of the designed bio‐inspired samples are ensured. The experimental results reveal significant improvements in bending strength and elastic modulus across various bionic nacre‐like honeycomb spiral structures compared to uniformly overlap configurations. In particular, the SH‐7.5 sample shows a remarkable 35.47% increase in bending strength and a 65.10% increase in elastic modulus over the SH‐11.25 sample. SEM‐based microstructural analyses are carried out to further explore the fracture mode of the carbon fibers, implied the helical configuration adopted in the nacre‐like honeycomb structure enhances the flexural resistant ability of the PA6‐CF composites. The findings above bear important guiding significance and reference value for the design of lightweight and high damage‐tolerance composite structures.HighlightsA novel bio‐inspired structure is implemented to improve the mechanical performance of fused filament fabricated polyamide composites, where the bionic spiral helical configuration is integrated into high‐fracture‐resistance nacre‐like honeycomb structures.Mechanical testing results indicate that a helix angle under 10° results in a significant improvement in the structural performance of flexural strength.Microstructural analysis reveals that the helical configuration enhances the load‐bearing functionality of reinforcing carbon fibers in the printed polyamide composites.FFF 3D printing enables further implementation of the proposed bio‐inspired novel structure for lightweight and damage‐tolerant composite applications with high customization demands.
Toward flexible electronics: A novel polyurethane integrating self‐healing, UV‐protective, reprocessable, and degradable properties
Authors: Feng Xiao‐qin , Wang Yi , Dai Xun , Liu Xiao‐dong , Liu Yuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFlexible electronics are striving in modern society, and they impose harsh and urgent requirements for flexibility on electronic package substrates. However, traditional materials, including ceramics, metals, or polymers are lack of flexibility. Herein, a polyurethane named PU‐D1Q1VF1 is proposed via incorporating carefully selected biobased units and synergistic dynamic bonds, and the PU‐D1Q1VF1 not only meets the basic requirements of flexibility but also possesses properties of self‐heal, UV‐protection, reprocessability, and degradability. The polycaprolactone diol (PCL diol) was employed as the soft segment, and the bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) disulfide (HEDS) and lignin derived model monomer hydroquinone were selected as chain extenders. Moreover, carefully synthesized bio‐based monomer (E)‐4‐(((furan‐2‐ylmethyl)imino)methyl)‐2‐methoxyphenol (VF) was used as the capping agent, which could facilitate the self‐healing process of the PU‐D1Q1VF1.
Exploring the effect of experimental conditions on the synthesis and stability of alginate–gelatin coacervates
Authors: Blanco‐López Marcos , Marcos‐García Alejandro , González‐Garcinuño Álvaro , Tabernero Antonio , Martín del Valle Eva M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAlginate–gelatin coacervation has been studied by considering different experimental parameters, such as gelatin preheating, pH, alginate–gelatin ratio and their respective concentrations, and salt effect. Results were assessed in terms of size and polydispersion via dynamic light scattering, electrostatic charge in the surface by zeta potential measurements, electrostatic interaction forces by static light scattering, stability by turbidimetry and viscoelastic and pseudoplastic behavior by rheology (oscillatory and statistical analysis). According to the results, gelatin structure has to be previously modified to induce the proper interactions with a subsequent pH reduction. Specifically, stable coacervates (according to turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering) with a size of 300–600 nm and a polydispersion lower than 0.25 were obtained after preheating the gelatin at 37°C and with a subsequent pH reduction until 4–5 for an alginate–gelatin ratio between 1:4 and 1:6. However, different experimental conditions promote an unsuccessful coacervation, obtaining always precipitates and/or coacervates with a wider particle size distribution. Furthermore, in order to study the effect of the temperature on the coacervates, different cooling–heating cycles were applied on them over a week, showing the stability of the thermo‐reversible coacervates for almost 5 days. Also, the interactions were characterized via static light scattering, analyzing the second virial coefficient. Moreover, rheological oscillatory results can be used to identify a proper coacervation due to the increase of the storage modulus. However, no significant changes were observed with statistical analysis due to the highly diluted character of the precursor solutions. These results highlighted how a proper combination of different experimental conditions, mainly temperature to promote a partial gelatin unraveling as well as pH reduction, is required to successfully produce coacervates. Finally, salt effect was proven to induce precipitation when NaCl was increasingly added to solutions of stable coacervates.
Symptomatic osteonecrosis in children treated for Hodgkin lymphoma: A population‐based study in Sweden, Finland, and Denmark
Authors: Giertz Mia , Aarnivala Henri , Wilk Michelsen Sascha , Björklund Caroline , Englund Annika , Grönroos Marika , Hjalgrim Lisa Lyngsie , Huttunen Pasi , Niinimäki Tuukka , Penno Eva , Pöyhönen Tuuli , Raittinen Päivi , Ranta Susanna , Svahn Johan E. , Törnudd Lisa , Niinimäki Riitta , Harila Arja 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundOsteonecrosis (ON) is a potentially disabling skeletal complication of cancer treatment. Although symptomatic osteonecrosis (sON) is well‐known in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), with an incidence around 6%, studies on sON in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence, risk factors, and outcome of sON in children treated for HL.ProcedureA total of 490 children under 18, diagnosed with HL between 2005 and 2019 in Sweden, Finland, and Denmark were eligible for the study. Data on patient characteristics, HL treatment, and development of sON were collected from patients’ medical records. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were used to establish ON diagnosis and grade ON according to the Niinimäki grading system.ResultsCumulative 2‐year incidence of sON among the 489 included patients was 5.5% (n = 30). The risk for developing sON was higher for those with older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.49, p < .010), female sex (OR 4.45, CI 1.87–10.58, p < .001), high total cumulative glucocorticoid (GC) doses (OR 1.76, 95% CI: 1.21‐2.56, p = 0.003), and advanced HL (OR 2.19, 95% CI: 1.03‐4.65, p = .042). Four (13.3%) patients underwent major surgical procedures and 13 (43.3%) had persistent symptoms due to ON at follow‐up.ConclusionsThis study shows that sON is as common in pediatric HL as in pediatric ALL, with risk factors such as older age, female sex, high cumulative GC doses, and advanced HL. Future HL protocol development should aim to reduce the burden of ON by modifying GC treatment.