bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with preference for dying at home among terminally ill patients with cancer
Authors: Schou‐Andersen Marianne , Ullersted Maria P. , Jensen Anders Bonde , Neergaard Mette Asbjoern 
Published: September 2015

IntroductionAn important element in end‐of‐life care advocacy is to meet patients' end‐of‐life preferences. Most Scandinavian patients die in hospitals even though the majority prefers to die at home. Earlier studies have shown socio‐economic differences in relation to dying at home, but more knowledge is needed in relation to preferences for place of death. Hence, on valid Danish register‐based socio‐economic data, we aimed to investigate whether demographic and socio‐economic factors were associated with preference for dying at home.MethodPopulation‐based, historic cohort study among 282 relatives of deceased patients who died of cancer in Denmark in 2006. Bereaved relatives were asked to state patient's preference concerning place of death at the beginning and end of the palliative period. These data were recently combined with updated, extensive demographic and socio‐economic data from Danish national health registers. Generalised linear models were used modelling prevalence ratio (PR).ResultsWe found a significant positive association at the beginning of the palliative trajectory between preferring home death and being male (PR = 1.26 (95% CI: 1.00;1.58) (p = 0.048)) and a significant negative association between having medium income compared with high income (PR = 0.81 (95% CI 0.67;0.98) (p = 0.031)). At the end of the palliative trajectory, a significant negative association was found between preferring home death and living in a community with more than 100 000 inhabitants (PR = 0.63 (95% CI 0.45;0.89) (p = 0.008)) compared with living in communities with less than 10 000 inhabitants.ConclusionThe study showed that socio‐economic factors such as gender, level of income and size of community were associated with preference for dying at home. Hence, this study qualifies prior studies on preferences for end‐of‐life care and advocates for a more nuanced picture of the subject. Advocacy in end‐of‐life nursing recommends optimising active listening and communication skills striving towards more patients' preferences in all settings may be heard and fulfilled.
Cooling and exhumation of the oldest Sanqiliu uranium ore system in Motianling district, South China Block
Authors: Qiu Liang , Yan Dan‐Ping , Tang Shuang‐Li , Arndt Nicholas T. , Fan Li‐Ting , Guo Qing‐Yin , Cui Jian‐Yong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Sanqiliu uranium deposit belongs to a uranium ore system in Motianling district. It is the oldest uranium deposit in South China. Primary uranium mineralization occurred almost simultaneously with the emplacement of the host granites and subsequent dykes, and it has a relatively high grade of uranium (0.421%). We clarify the age of mineralization and investigate the cooling history through new pitchblende U–Pb and apatite fission‐track thermochronology. The pitchblende U–Pb results indicate that uranium mineralization occurred at ~801–759 Ma. Fractionation of uranium and lead at ~374–295 Ma is interpreted as remobilization and resetting of the original uranium. The Motianling area has apatite fission‐track ages of 57 to 18 Ma. By combining our results with previous work, we conclude that the deposit cooled slowly and was exposed at the surface during the Cenozoic. The timing and depth of exhumation helped to preserve and avoid erosion of the uranium deposit, and highlight the potential for regional uranium exploration.
Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy in 20 cats accidentally overdosed with ivermectin
Authors: Jourdan Geraldine , Boyer Guillaume , Raymond‐Letron Isabelle , Bouhsira Emilie , Bedel Benjamin , Verwaerde Patrick 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the outcome of 20 cats treated with intravenous lipid emulsion (IVLE) after an accidental parenteral ivermectin overdose.Case Series SummaryTwenty adult cats presented after receiving a 4 mg/kg accidental subcutaneous overdose of ivermectin. After admission, two IVLE treatments were initiated in asymptomatic cats: a single bolus (1.5 mL/kg;n= 16) versus a bolus followed by a 30‐minute constant rate infusion (0.25 mL/kg/min;n= 4). Six out of the 16 cats that received only the single bolus developed clinical signs of ivermectin intoxication. Based on the severity of the clinical signs and their duration (approximately 48 hours), these 6 cats were retrospectively considered either moderately (n= 3) or severely (n= 3) intoxicated by ivermectin. Cats with a low body condition score (BCS) had more severe signs of ivermectin toxicity. Additional IVLE was administered until clinical resolution was complete. Median (min to max) cumulative dose of IVLE per cat was 4.5 (3.0–4.5) mL/kg for 36 (12–36) hours and 19.5 (7.5–37.5) mL/kg for 96 (72–168) hours for moderately and severely intoxicated cats, respectively.New or Unique Information ProvidedOur series describes the treatment of accidental ivermectin parenteral overdose in 20 cats with early initiation of IVLE therapy. An early bolus followed by a 30‐minute constant rate infusion of IVLE appeared to mitigate the signs of ivermectin toxicosis in cats compared to a single treatment bolus. Our observations also suggest that cats with a low BCS given only a bolus of IVLE treatment were more likely to develop signs of ivermectin intoxication and require a greater amount of IVLE for the resolution of clinical signs. Based on our observations, BCS appears to influence the severity of ivermectin toxicity with a low BCS being associated with more severe signs of ivermectin toxicity.
Quality control for quantitative multicenter whole‐body PET/MR studies: A NEMA image quality phantom study with three current PET/MR systems
Authors: Boellaard Ronald , Rausch Ivo , Beyer Thomas , Delso Gaspar , Yaqub Maqsood , Quick Harald H. , Sattler Bernhard 
Published: September 2015

Purpose:Integrated positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance (PET/MR) systems derive the PET attenuation correction (AC) from dedicated MR sequences. While MR‐AC performs reasonably well in clinical patient imaging, it may fail for phantom‐based quality control (QC). The authors assess the applicability of different protocols for PET QC in multicenter PET/MR imaging.Methods:The National Electrical Manufacturers Association NU 2 2007 image quality phantom was imaged on three combined PET/MR systems: a Philips Ingenuity TF PET/MR, a Siemens Biograph mMR, and a GE SIGNA PET/MR (prototype) system. The phantom was filled according to the EANM FDG‐PET/CT guideline 1.0 and scanned for 5 min over 1 bed. Two MR‐AC imaging protocols were tested: standard clinical procedures and a dedicated protocol for phantom tests. Depending on the system, the dedicated phantom protocol employs a two‐class (water and air) segmentation of the MR data or a CT‐based template. Differences in attenuation‐ and SUV recovery coefficients (RC) are reported. PET/CT‐based simulations were performed to simulate the various artifacts seen in the AC maps (μ‐map) and their impact on the accuracy of phantom‐based QC.Results:Clinical MR‐AC protocols caused substantial errors and artifacts in the AC maps, resulting in underestimations of the reconstructed PET activity of up to 27%, depending on the PET/MR system. Using dedicated phantom MR‐AC protocols, PET bias was reduced to −8%. Mean and max SUV RC met EARL multicenter PET performance specifications for most contrast objects, but only when using the dedicated phantom protocol. Simulations confirmed the bias in experimental data to be caused by incorrect AC maps resulting from the use of clinical MR‐AC protocols.Conclusions:Phantom‐based quality control of PET/MR systems in a multicenter, multivendor setting may be performed with sufficient accuracy, but only when dedicated phantom acquisition and processing protocols are used for attenuation correction.
c-Type Cytochrome Assembly Is a Key Target of Copper Toxicity within the Bacterial Periplasm
Authors: Durand Anne , Azzouzi Asma , Bourbon Marie-Line , Steunou Anne-Soisig , Liotenberg Sylviane , Maeshima Akinori , Astier Chantal , Argentini Manuela , Saito Shingo , Ouchane Soufian 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTIn the absence of a tight control of copper entrance into cells, bacteria have evolved different systems to control copper concentration within the cytoplasm and the periplasm. Central to these systems, the Cu+ATPase CopA plays a major role in copper tolerance and translocates copper from the cytoplasm to the periplasm. The fate of copper in the periplasm varies among species. Copper can be sequestered, oxidized, or released outside the cells. Here we describe the identification of CopI, a periplasmic protein present in many proteobacteria, and show its requirement for copper tolerance inRubrivivax gelatinosus. The ΔcopImutant is more susceptible to copper than the Cu+ATPasecopAmutant. CopI is induced by copper, localized in the periplasm and could bind copper. Interestingly, copper affects cytochromecmembrane complexes (cbb3oxidase and photosystem) in both ΔcopIandcopA-null mutants, but the causes are different. In thecopAmutant, heme and chlorophyll synthesis are affected, whereas in ΔcopImutant, the decrease is a consequence of impaired cytochromecassembly. This impact onc-type cytochromes would contribute also to the copper toxicity in the periplasm of the wild-type cells when they are exposed to high copper concentrations.IMPORTANCECopper is an essential cation required as a cofactor in enzymes involved in vital processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, free radical scavenging, and pathogenesis. However, copper is highly toxic and has been implicated in disorders in all organisms, including humans, because it can catalyze the production of toxic reactive oxygen species and targets various biosynthesis pathways. Identifying copper targets, provides insights into copper toxicity and homeostatic mechanisms for copper tolerance. In this work, we describe for the first time a direct effect of excess copper on cytochromecassembly. We show that excess copper specifically affects periplasmic and membrane cytochromesc, thus suggesting that the copper toxicity targetsc-type cytochrome biogenesis.
Early Generation of New PrPSc on Blood Vessels after Brain Microinjection of Scrapie in Mice
Authors: Chesebro Bruce , Striebel James , Rangel Alejandra , Phillips Katie , Hughson Andrew , Caughey Byron , Race Brent 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Aggregation of misfolded host proteins in the central nervous system is believed to be important in the pathogenic process in several neurodegenerative diseases of humans, including prion diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. In these diseases, protein misfolding and aggregation appear to expand through a process of seeded polymerization. Prion diseases occur in both humans and animals and are experimentally transmissible orally or by injection, thus providing a controllable model of other neurodegenerative protein misfolding diseases. In rodents and ruminants, prion disease has a slow course, lasting months to years. Although prion infectivity has been detected in brain tissue at 3 to 4 weeks postinfection (p.i.), the details of early prion replication in the brain are not well understood. Here we studied the localization and quantitation of PrPSc generation
in vivo
starting at 30 min postmicroinjection of scrapie into the brain. In C57BL mice at 3 days p.i., generation of new PrPSc was detected by immunohistochemistry and immunoblot assays, and at 7 days p.i., new generation was confirmed by real-time quaking-induced conversion assay. The main site of new PrPSc generation was near the outer basement membrane of small and medium blood vessels. The finding and localization of replication at this site so early after injection have not been reported previously. This predominantly perivascular location suggested that structural components of the blood vessel basement membrane or perivascular astrocytes might act as cofactors in the initial generation of PrPSc. The location of PrPSc replication at the basement membrane also implies a role for the brain interstitial fluid drainage in the early infection process.

IMPORTANCE
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and prion diseases, of humans are characterized by misfolding and aggregation of certain proteins, resulting in the destruction of brain tissue. In these diseases, the damage process spreads progressively within the central nervous system, but only prion diseases are known to be transmissible between individuals. Here we used microinjection of infectious prion protein (PrPSc) into the mouse brain to model early events of iatrogenic prion transmission via surgical instruments or tissue grafts. At 3 and 7 days postinjection, we detected the generation of new PrPSc, mostly on the outer walls of blood vessels near the injection site. This location and very early replication were surprising and unique. Perivascular prion replication suggested the transport of injected PrPSc via brain interstitial fluid to the basement membranes of blood vessels, where interactions with possible cofactors made by astrocytes or endothelia might facilitate the earliest cycles of prion infection.
A Highly Effective Component Vaccine against Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica Infections
Authors: Ferreira Rosana B. R. , Valdez Yanet , Coombes Brian K. , Sad Subash , Gouw Joost W. , Brown Eric M. , Li Yuling , Grassl Guntram A. , Antunes L. Caetano M. , Gill Navkiran , Truong Mimi , Scholz Roland , Reynolds Lisa A. , Krishnan Laskshmi , Zafer Ahmed A. , Sal-Man Neta , Lowden Michael J. , Auweter Sigrid D. , Foster Leonard J. , Finlay B. Brett 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT

Nontyphoidal
Salmonella enterica
(NTS) infections are a major burden to global public health, as they lead to diseases ranging from gastroenteritis to systemic infections and there is currently no vaccine available. Here, we describe a highly effective component vaccine against
S. enterica
serovar Typhimurium in both gastroenteritis and systemic murine infection models. We devised an approach to generate supernatants of
S. enterica
serovar Typhimurium, an organism that is highly abundant in virulence factors. Immunization of mice with this supernatant resulted in dramatic protection against a challenge with serovar Typhimurium, showing increased survival in the systemic model and decreased intestinal pathology in the gastrointestinal model. Protection correlated with specific IgA and IgG levels in the serum and specific secretory IgA levels in the feces of immunized mice. Initial characterization of the protective antigens in the bacterial culture supernatants revealed a subset of antigens that exhibited remarkable stability, a highly desirable characteristic of an effective vaccine to be used under suboptimal environmental conditions in developing countries. We were able to purify a subset of the peptides present in the supernatants and show their potential for immunization of mice against serovar Typhimurium resulting in a decreased level of colonization. This component vaccine shows promise with regard to protecting against NTS, and further work should significantly help to establish vaccines against these prevalent infections.

IMPORTANCE
Salmonella enterica
infections other than typhoid and paratyphoid fever are a major global health burden, as they cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Strategies that prevent
Salmonella
-related diseases are greatly needed, and there is a significant push for the development of vaccines against nontyphoidal
Salmonella enterica
serovars. In this work, we describe an
S
. Typhimurium supernatant-derived vaccine that is effective in reducing bacterial colonization in mouse models of gastroenteritis as well as invasive disease. This is a component vaccine that shows high stability to heat, a feature that is important for use under suboptimal conditions, such as those found in sub-Saharan Africa.
Virome Capture Sequencing Enables Sensitive Viral Diagnosis and Comprehensive Virome Analysis
Authors: Briese Thomas , Kapoor Amit , Mishra Nischay , Jain Komal , Kumar Arvind , Jabado Omar J. , Lipkin W. Ian 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Insensitivity and technical complexity have impeded the implementation of high-throughput nucleic acid sequencing in differential diagnosis of viral infections in clinical laboratories. Here, we describe the development of a virome capture sequencing platform for vertebrate viruses (VirCapSeq-VERT) that increases the sensitivity of sequence-based virus detection and characterization. The system uses ~2 million probes that cover the genomes of members of the 207 viral taxa known to infect vertebrates, including humans. A biotinylated oligonucleotide library was synthesized on the NimbleGen cleavable array platform and used for solution-based capture of viral nucleic acids present in complex samples containing variable proportions of viral and host nucleic acids. The use of VirCapSeq-VERT resulted in a 100- to 10,000-fold increase in viral reads from blood and tissue homogenates compared to conventional Illumina sequencing using established virus enrichment procedures, including filtration, nuclease treatments, and RiboZero rRNA subtraction. VirCapSeq-VERT had a limit of detection comparable to that of agent-specific real-time PCR in serum, blood, and tissue extracts. Furthermore, the method identified novel viruses whose genomes were approximately 40% different from the known virus genomes used for designing the probe library. The VirCapSeq-VERT platform is ideally suited for analyses of virome composition and dynamics.

IMPORTANCE
VirCapSeq-VERT enables detection of viral sequences in complex sample backgrounds, including those found in clinical specimens, such as serum, blood, and tissue. The highly multiplexed nature of the system allows both the simultaneous identification and the comprehensive genetic characterization of all known vertebrate viruses, their genetic variants, and novel viruses. The operational simplicity and efficiency of the VirCapSeq-VERT platform may facilitate transition of high-throughput sequencing to clinical diagnostic as well as research applications.
Frequency of Scapholunate Ligament Injuries Associated with Distal Radius Shearing Fracture: Correlation of Fracture Patterns and Ligament Tear
Authors: Yoshida Shiro , Yoshida Kenji , Sakai Kensuke , Nakama Kenjiro , Shiba Naoto 
Published: September 2015

Background: This retrospective study assessed the prevalence and outcome of intercarpal ligament injuries in non-osteoporotic patients with AO/ASIF classification type B distal radius shearing fractures treated with or without scapholunate temporary fixation.Methods: Fifteen patients (mean age, 33 years) were analyzed according to their scapholunate ligament status at the time of injury and graded with a modified Geissler classification system. Each patient’s postoperative pain and occupational status were assessed in the context of the Modified Mayo wrist score. Second-look arthroscopy was performed for all cases.Results: Scapholunate ligament injuries were present in 14 of 15 type B fractures. Surgical outcomes yielded an improvement in the Mayo wrist score with pinning in cases involving grade 3 or 4 scapholunate injuries. Two cases without pinning had a worse score, as well as a persistent scapholunate tear that was not healed at second-look arthroscopy after eight postoperative months. However, in grade 1 or 2 scapholunate injuries, the Mayo wrist score did not differ between those treated with and without pinning.Conclusions: Scapholunate ligament injury is an important risk factor associated with high-energy distal radius shearing fractures. To prevent these problems, temporary scapholunate joint fixation is a recommended treatment for grade 3 or 4 scapholunate injuries.
HDAC Inhibition for the Treatment of Epithelioid Sarcoma: Novel Cross Talk Between Epigenetic Components
Authors: Lopez Gonzalo , Song Yechun , Lam Ryan , Ruder Dennis , Creighton Chad J. , Bid Hemant Kumar , Bill Kate Lynn , Bolshakov Svetlana , Zhang Xiaoli , Lev Dina , Pollock Raphael E. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare neoplasm uniquely comprised of cells exhibiting both mesenchymal and epithelial features. Having propensity for local and distant recurrence, it poses a diagnostic dilemma secondary to pathologic complexity. Patients have dismal prognosis due to lack of effective therapy. HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) exhibit marked antitumor effects in various malignancies. The studies here demonstrate that pan-HDAC inhibitors constitute novel therapeutics versus epithelioid sarcoma. Human ES cells (VAESBJ, HS-ES, Epi-544) were studied in preclinical models to evaluate HDACi effects. Immunoblot and RT-PCR were used to evaluate expression of acetylated tubulin, histones H3/H4, EZH2 upon HDACi. MTS and clonogenic assays were used to assess the impact of HDACi on cell growth. Cell culture assays were used to evaluate the impact of HDACi and EZH2-specific siRNA inhibition on cell-cycle progression and survival. Unbiased gene array analysis was used to identify the impact of HDACi on epithelioid sarcoma gene expression. Xenografts were used to evaluate epithelioid sarcoma tumor growth in response to HDACi. HDAC inhibition increased target protein acetylation and abrogated cell growth and colony formation in epithelioid sarcoma cells. HDACi induced G2 cell-cycle arrest and marked apoptosis, and reduced tumor growth in xenograft models. HDACi induced widespread gene expression changes, and EZH2 was significantly downregulated. EZH2 knockdown resulted in abrogated cell growth in vitro.
Implications: The current study suggests a clinical role for HDACi in human epithelioid sarcoma, which, when combined with EZH2 inhibitors, could serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for epithelioid sarcoma patients. Future investigations targeting specific HDAC isoforms along with EZH2 may potentially maximizing treatment efficacy. Mol Cancer Res; 14(1); 35–43. ©2015 AACR.
Identidade na América Latina Pós-Moderna, Uma Reflexão a partir de Asco – Thomas Bernhard em San Salvador
Authors: Luiz Carolina Borges da Silva 
Published: September 2015

<p class="Pargrafo">Este ensaio baseia-se no livro de Horacio Castellanos Moya, <em>Asco – Thomas Bernhard em San Salvador</em>, cuja representação de El Salvador provoca um questionamento sobre as possibilidades e conformações das identidades nacionais na América Latina, no fim do século XX. A análise se constrói a partir de múltiplas analogias e tal estratégia pretende inserir o pensamento de Moya na tradição do pensamento latino-americano. A ideia de que projetos violentamente derrotados deixam suas marcas no povo não é nova, mas o romance a leva ao limite, através de uma vertiginosa e irônica perspectiva pós-moderna. </p>
A descrição do espaço estrangeiro segundo os relatos de viagem de Ruy González de Clavijo (Século XV)
Authors: Araújo Waslan Saboia 
Published: September 2015

<p class="Pargrafo">O presente artigo tem como proposta fazer uma breve análise sobre a descrição do espaço conforme o relato de viagem de Ruy González de Clavijo, nobre da corte do rei castelhano Enrique III, que liderou uma missão diplomática até a corte do líder mongol Tarmolã, em Sarmacanda, entre os anos de 1403 e 1406. Tendo em vista que os relatos de viagens foram úteis para agregar conhecimento sobre as outras terras e que o relato de González de Clavijo foi um dos primeiros escritos em terras castelhanas, buscaremos, nesse artigo, analisar como o viajante descreveu o espaço além das fronteiras conhecidas e cristãs. Dito de outro modo, esse artigo tem a meta de compreender a montagem da imagem do distante, segundo as indicações do viajante. </p>