bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decadal variability in seawater pH in the West Pacific: Evidence from coral δ11B records
Authors: Wei Gangjian , Wang Zhibing , Ke Ting , Liu Ying , Deng Wenfeng , Chen Xuefei , Xu Jifeng , Zeng Ti , Xie Luhua 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLong‐term seawater pH records are essential for evaluating the rates of ocean acidification (OA) driven by anthropogenic emissions. Widespread, natural decadal variability in seawater pH superimposes on the long‐term anthropogenic variations, likely influencing the OA rates estimated from the pH records. Here, we report a record of annual seawater pH estimated using the δ11B proxy over the past 159 years reconstructed from a Porites coral collected to the east of Hainan Island in the northern South China Sea (SCS). By coupling this time series with previously reported long‐term seawater pH records in the West Pacific, the decadal variability in seawater pH records and its possible driving mechanisms were investigated. The results indicate that large decadal variability in seawater pH has occurred off eastern Hainan Island over the past 159 years, in agreement with previous records. The Qiongdong upwelling system, which controls nutrient supplies, regulates surface water productivity, and is driven by the East Asian summer monsoon, is the primary control of this decadal variability, while terrestrial inputs appear not influence significantly. Meanwhile the impacts of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) systems on seawater pH off eastern Hainan Island is likely limited. In contrast, the PDO is the main factor to influence the decadal seawater pH variability offshore the East Australia, while the mechanism controlling the decadal seawater pH variability in Guam is not clear yet. Meanwhile, The rate of decrease in seawater pH estimated from coral records are significantly different in different regions and over different time spans, which may reflect a combination of natural decadal variability in seawater pH and long‐term variations. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms driving natural variability in seawater pH is important for improving estimates of ocean acidification rates driven by anthropogenic emissions.
Adaptive robust attitude control for UAVs – Design and experimental validation
Authors: Chriette Abdelhamid , Plestan Franck , Castañeda Herman , Pal Madhumita , Guillo Mario , Odelga Marcin , Rajappa Sujit , Chandra Rohit 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe main contribution of the paper is to propose a scheme of attitude controller for a class of unmanned aerial vehicles based on an adaptive version of the super‐twisting algorithm. This controller is based on a very recent second‐order sliding mode controller, which is robust in spite of uncertainties and perturbations, ensures finite time convergence, reduces the chattering, increases the accuracy, and does not require time derivative of the sliding variable. A very important feature of the controller is its adaptive gain, which allows to design the controller without knowing bounds of the uncertainties and perturbations. This controller is validated by experimental results. Comparisons versus PID‐based controller are made in order to evaluate the robustness of the closed‐loop system when similar perturbations are acting. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Porous Molybdenum‐Based Hybrid Catalysts for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Tang Yu‐Jia , Gao Min‐Rui , Liu Chun‐Hui , Li Shun‐Li , Jiang Hai‐Long , Lan Ya‐Qian , Han Min , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe have synthesized a porous Mo‐based composite obtained from a polyoxometalate‐based metal–organic framework and graphene oxide (POMOFs/GO) using a simple one‐pot method. The MoO2@PC‐RGO hybrid material derived from the POMOFs/GO composite is prepared at a relatively low carbonization temperature, which presents a superior activity for the hydrogen‐evolution reaction (HER) in acidic media owing to the synergistic effects among highly dispersive MoO2 particles, phosphorus‐doped porous carbon, and RGO substrates. MoO2@PC‐RGO exhibits a very positive onset potential close to that of 20 % Pt/C, low Tafel slope of 41 mV dec−1, high exchange current density of 4.8×10−4 A cm−2, and remarkable long‐term cycle stability. It is one of the best high‐performance catalysts among the reported nonprecious metal catalysts for HER to date.
Spontane Bildung von RNA‐Strängen, Peptidyl‐RNA und Cofaktoren
Authors: Jauker Mario , Griesser Helmut , Richert Clemens 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWie sich die heutige biochemische Maschinerie aus einfachen Vorläufern entwickelte, ist eine ungelöste Frage. Wir zeigen nun, dass Ribonukleotide und Aminosäuren in Abwesenheit von Enzymen zu Peptidyl‐RNAs kondensieren, und zwar unter Bedingungen, die auch spontanes genetisches Kopieren induzieren. Es treten templatfreie Bildung von RNA‐Strängen, die genetische Information codieren können, die Bildung von Peptidyl‐RNAs und die Bildung der Cofaktoren NAD+, FAD und ATP unter den gleichen Bedingungen auf. In den Peptidyl‐RNAs sind die Peptidketten über eine Phosphorsäureamidgruppe an ein Ribonukleotid gebunden. Peptidyl‐RNAs mit langen Peptidketten lassen sich aus einem Pool selektieren, wenn eine lipophile Phase angeboten wird, die das Innere von Membranen simuliert. Freie Peptide lassen sich aus Peptidyl‐RNA durch Ansäuern freisetzen. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Schlüsselmoleküle der Genetik, der Katalyse und des Metabolismus unter denselben Bedingungen entstehen können, ohne dass es mineralische Oberflächen, Enzyme oder eine chemische Voraktivierung bräuchte.
Redesign of a Fluorogenic Labeling System To Improve Surface Charge, Brightness, and Binding Kinetics for Imaging the Functional Localization of Bromodomains
Authors: Hori Yuichiro , Hirayama Shinya , Sato Motoki , Kikuchi Kazuya 
Published: October 2015

AbstractProtein labeling with fluorogenic probes is a powerful method for the imaging of cellular proteins. The labeling time and fluorescence contrast of the fluorogenic probes are critical factors for the precise spatiotemporal imaging of protein dynamics in living cells. To address these issues, we took mutational and chemical approaches to increase the labeling kinetics and fluorescence intensity of fluorogenic PYP‐tag probes. Because of charge‐reversal mutations in PYP‐tag and probe redesign, the labeling reaction was accelerated by a factor of 18 in vitro, and intracellular proteins were detected with an incubation period of only 1 min. The brightness of the probe both in vitro and in living cells was enhanced by the mutant tag. Furthermore, we applied this system to the imaging analysis of bromodomains. The labeled mutant tag successfully detected the localization of bromodomains to acetylhistone and the disruption of the bromodomain–acetylhistone interaction by a bromodomain inhibitor.
An Epitope‐Specific Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Based on an Antibody Scaffold
Authors: Luo Xiaozhou , Liu Tao , Wang Ying , Jia Haiqun , Zhang Yuhan , Caballero Dawna , Du Juanjuan , Wang Rongsheng E. , Wang Danling , Schultz Peter G. , Wang Feng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. We have generated an epitope‐specific RSV vaccine by grafting a neutralizing epitope (F‐epitope) in its native conformation into an immunoglobulin scaffold. The resulting antibody fusion exhibited strong binding affinity to Motavizumab, an RSV neutralizing antibody, and effectively induced potent neutralizing antibodies in mice. This work illustrates the potential of the immunoglobulin molecule as a scaffold to present conformationally constrained B‐cell epitopes.
Investigation of the mechanical properties of a photocatalytic pseudo‐paint
Authors: Dianatdar Afshin , Jamshidi Masoud 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTPhotocatalytic oxidative paints (e.g., a paint containing nano‐TiO2) are used to break down volatile organic compounds to CO2 by photooxidation reactions. In this research, a photocatalytic oxidative pseudo‐paint was made with acrylic–styrene copolymer latex, TiO2 pigment, calcium carbonate extender, and TiO2 nanoparticles as a photocatalyst. To investigate the effects of the pigment, extender, and nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of the samples and their relationship to their photocatalytic activity, different contents of the particles were dispersed in the paint formulation. The tensile strengths (TSs) of the samples were measured as the mechanical properties. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy analysis. We found that up to 3% nano‐TiO2 enhanced the mechanical properties of the pigmented resin, whereas beyond this, TS decreased. In samples containing 3% nanoparticles, the incorporation of 15% TiO2 pigment caused optimized mechanical properties, and beyond that, TS decreased because of particle agglomeration. In the absence of nanoparticles, the samples showed improvements in the mechanical properties with up to a 40% loading of pigment. The results reveal that the samples containing nano‐TiO2 and pigment showed the same trend for the mechanical and photocatalytic properties before the critical pigment volume concentration (CPVC). However, when the extender was incorporated or TiO2 particles were loaded beyond CPVC, the mechanical and photocatalytic properties correlation was compromised, and they were not directly correlated. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42885.
Effect of chain‐extender modification on the structure and properties of thermoplastic poly(ether ester) elastomers
Authors: John Johnson V. , Kim Kang Ryul , Baek Seung Tae , Yoon Ju Ho , Suh Hongsuk , Kim Il 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThe effect of the modulation of a bulky chain extender (CE), 4,8‐bis(hydroxymethyl)tricyclo[5.2.1.0(2,6)]decane (TCDO) or hydroquinone bis(hydroxyethyl)ether (HBHEE), on the properties of poly(ether ester) elastomers was investigated. The incorporation of various amounts of TCDO or HBHEE greatly changed the hard‐segment (HS) structure and microphase separation behavior; this resulted in a variation of the physical properties, especially for samples with high HS compositions. TCDO and HBHEE were used as minor CEs together with 1,4‐butanediol as the major CE for the synthesis of poly(ether ester) elastomers based on the transesterification of dimethyl 2,6‐naphthalene dicarboxylate with poly(tetramethylene ether glycol). On the basis of the amount of the minor CE incorporated, samples ranging from an elastomer to thermoplastic. The prepared samples were characterized by various spectroscopic, thermal, and mechanical analyses. The poly(ether ester) elastomers formed honeycomb‐structured porous films and microfibers (0.3–1.3 μm in diameter) through the application of a breath figures technique and electrospinning, respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42888.
Elaboration and properties of renewable polyurethanes based on natural rubber and biodegradable poly(butylene succinate) soft segments
Authors: Panwiriyarat Wannarat , Tanrattanakul Varaporn , Pilard Jean‐François , Burel Fabrice , Kébir Nasreddine 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTNatural rubber (NR) is a renewable bio‐based polymer, while poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) belongs to the family of biodegradable renewable polymers. In this article, novel polyurethanes (PUs) were prepared using hydroxyl telechelic natural rubber (HTNR) and hydroxyl telechelic poly(butylene succinate) (HTPBS) as soft segments, and using toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI) and 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) as hard segment. HTPBS oligomers of
= 2000 and 3500 g mol−1 were synthesized by bulk polycondensation of succinic acid (SA) with BDO. The polyurethane materials were obtained by casting process after solvent evaporation. The influence of the hard segment content and the molecular weight of HTPBS on the materials’ thermo‐mechanical properties were investigated by means of tensile testing, DSC, TGA, and DMTA. The obtained polyurethanes were amorphous with phase separations between hard and soft segments as well as between HTNR and HTPBS segments, and they exhibited good physical properties. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42943.
Cross‐linked chitosan beads for phosphate removal from aqueous solution
Authors: Mahaninia Mohammad H. , Wilson Lee D. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTChitosan beads were cross‐linked with glutaraldehyde (GA) and epichlorohydrin (EP), respectively, at variable composition. The general features of the adsorptive and textural properties of the bead systems were characterized using p‐nitrophenolate (PNP) at pH 8.5. As well, a systematic adsorption study of phosphate dianion (phosphate (
) species was carried out in aqueous solution at pH 8.5 and 295 K. The Sips isotherm model yielded adsorption parameters for the chitosan bead systems: (i) monolayer adsorption capacity (Qm) for PNP ranged from 0.30 to 0.52 mmol g−1 and (ii) Qm values for the bead systems with
ranged from 22.4–52.1 mg g−1 for these conditions. GA cross‐linked beads reveal greater Qm values for PNP while EP cross‐linked beads showed greater Qm values for
, in accordance with the surface chemistry and the materials design described herein. The EP cross‐linked beads show favorable adsorption–desorption properties and represents a promising tunable adsorbent system for the effective removal of phosphate dianion species in aqueous solution. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42949.
Fuzzy knowledge‐based system for calculating course difficulty based on student perception
Authors: Novak Matija , Oreški Dijana 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis research aims to develop a knowledge‐based system used for calculating course difficulty and producing appropriate learning strategies for students. The system is based on fuzzy reasoning and attempts to contribute to the personalization of the learning process. After the description of the data collection process and the search for regularities in the data, we present the service interface. The knowledge‐based system proposed in this paper can yield a number of benefits for both students and institutions: it motivates students to adopt a more practical and personalized approach towards learning and provides an independent learning procedure for both the student and the instructor. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:225–233, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21700
A Critical Review of Biological Processes and Technologies for Landfill Leachate Treatment
Authors: Bove Dario , Merello Sara , Frumento Davide , Arni Saleh Al , Aliakbarian Bahar , Converti Attilio 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe most common method to deal with the huge production of municipal wastes is still the disposal in landfills which, however, generates a leachate with high contents of organic and nitrogen pollutants. Requirements must be fixed by law to control leachate release from such landfills, and effective treatment processes and technologies must be applied to reduce its impact on the environment. Biological processes for leachate treatment are discussed in this review, in the former part of which attention is paid to leachate formation and its qualitative and quantitative features, while the latter deals with the state‐of‐the‐art of the most effective biotechnological treatments presently employed. Processes, alternative methods, and technological improvements are compared, with special focus on novel technologies to remove nitrogen pollutants from leachate, highlighting advantages and drawbacks of each treatment.
From Dibismuthenes to Three‐ and Two‐Coordinated Bismuthinidenes by Fine Ligand Tuning: Evidence for Aromatic BiC3N Rings through a Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Vránová Iva , Alonso Mercedes , Lo Rabindranath , Sedlák Robert , Jambor Roman , Růžička Aleš , Proft Frank De , Hobza Pavel , Dostál Libor 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe reduction of N,C,N‐chelated bismuth chlorides [C6H3‐2,6‐(CHNR)2]BiCl2[where R=tBu (1), 2′,6′‐Me2C6H3(2), or 4′‐Me2NC6H4(3)] or N,C‐chelated analogues [C6H2‐2‐(CHN‐2′,6′‐iPr2C6H3)‐4,6‐(tBu)2]BiCl2(4) and [C6H2‐2‐(CH2NEt2)‐4,6‐(tBu)2]BiCl2(5) is reported. Reduction of compounds1–3gave monomeric N,C,N‐chelated bismuthinidenes [C6H3‐2,6‐(CHNR)2]Bi [where R=tBu (6), 2′,6′‐Me2C6H3(7) or 4′‐Me2NC6H4(8)]. Similarly, the reduction of4led to the isolation of the compound [C6H2‐2‐(CHN‐2′,6′‐iPr2C6H3)‐4,6‐(tBu)2]Bi (9) as an unprecedented two‐coordinated bismuthinidene that has been structurally characterized. In contrast, the dibismuthene {[C6H2‐2‐(CH2NEt2)‐4,6‐(tBu)2]Bi}2(10) was obtained by the reduction of5. Compounds6–10were characterized by using1H and13C NMR spectroscopy and their structures, except for7, were determined with the help of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. It is clear that the structure of the reduced products (bismuthinidene versus dibismuthene) is ligand‐dependent and particularly influenced by the strength of the N→Bi intramolecular interaction(s). Therefore, a theoretical survey describing the bonding situation in the studied compounds and related bismuth(I) systems is included. Importantly, we found that the C3NBi chelating ring in the two‐coordinated bismuthinidene9exhibits significant aromatic character by delocalization of the bismuth lone pair.
A Closed‐Loop Recycling Technology for γ‐TiAl from Precision Cast Low Pressure Turbine Blades
Authors: Spiess Peter , Bartosinski Marek , Stoyanov Todor , Aguilar Julio , Friedrich Bernd 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDue to the high generation of scrap in the process chain of γ‐TiAl semi‐finished goods and products, a suitable recycling process shows great potential to reduce production costs. Based on this circumstance, a closed loop recycling process for titanium‐aluminide scraps was developed. Resulting from this process, as a significant innovation for the titanium industry, it is possible to recycle titanium‐aluminide scraps and produce material with minimal oxygen content and almost no observable difference to primary alloys.
Electricity production and sulphide removal in two‐chambered microbial fuel cells
Authors: Izadi Paniz , Rahimnejad Mostafa , Ghoreyshi Ali 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this study, a dual‐chamber MFC was applied to simultaneously remove sulphide in wastewater and generate clean energy by using a mixed culture of microorganisms as active biocatalysts. The influences of three different concentrations of sulphide (0.1, 0.8, and 1.5 g/L1) on MFC performance and their removal were examined. Anode potential was controlled by the concentration of sulphide in the compartment. Moreover, the influence of algae as a biocathode on produced power and current of MFC was investigated. A significant increase in the maximum power and current density in MFC indicated the remarkable impact of using a biocathode. Biocatalyst activities and sulphide oxidation in anaerobic conditions were indicated via cyclic voltammetry curves to confirm the target of the research.
High‐loaded Fe‐supported catalyst for the thermochemical BtL‐FT process: Experimental results and modelling
Authors: Comazzi Alberto , Pirola Carlo , Bianchi Claudia L. , Galli Federico , Longhi Mariangela , Manenti Flavio 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe biomass‐to‐liquid Fischer‐Tropsch (FT) process is an industrial process that converts bio‐syngas in hydrocarbons ranging from C1–C100. Bio‐syngas, a syngas mixture produced from biomass, is characterized by a H2/CO molar ratio in the range 1.0–1.5. An iron‐based catalyst supported on silica for CO hydrogenation with 30 g/g of metal was prepared, characterized by BET, SEM, TEM, TPR, XRD and tested at different temperatures and H2/CO ratios in a FT bench scale plant using a Packed Bed Reactor (PBR). The experimental results demonstrated that this catalyst is also suitable for low H2/CO ratios, since by increasing the inlet H2/CO ratio, the CO conversion increases, the product selectivity remains largely unchanged, and the catalyst shows a satisfactory stability as a function of time of stream (TOS). Based on the collected data, a rigorous multi‐scale simulation of reactor behaviour was developed in order to support the experimental tests and predict the reactor yield and conversion. The elaborated kinetic model is based on the hypothesis that both FT and Water Gas Shift (WGS) reactions are active on the catalyst, and the calculated results agree with the obtained experimental data.
Synthetic and Biological Studies of Sesquiterpene Polygodial: Activity of 9‐Epipolygodial against Drug‐Resistant Cancer Cells
Authors: Dasari Ramesh , De Carvalho Annelise , Medellin Derek C. , Middleton Kelsey N. , Hague Frédéric , Volmar Marie N. M. , Frolova Liliya V. , Rossato Mateus F. , De La Chapa Jorge J. , Dybdal‐Hargreaves Nicholas F. , Pillai Akshita , Mathieu Véronique , Rogelj Snezna , Gonzales Cara B. , Calixto João B. , Evidente Antonio , Gautier Mathieu , Munirathinam Gnanasekar , Glass Rainer , Burth Patricia , Pelly Stephen C. , van Otterlo Willem A. L. , Kiss Robert , Kornienko Alexander 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPolygodial, a terpenoid dialdehyde isolated from Polygonum hydropiper L., is a known agonist of the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1). In this investigation a series of polygodial analogues were prepared and investigated for TRPV1‐agonist and anticancer activities. These experiments led to the identification of 9‐epipolygodial, which has antiproliferative potency significantly exceeding that of polygodial. 9‐Epipolygodial was found to maintain potency against apoptosis‐resistant cancer cells as well as those displaying the multidrug‐resistant (MDR) phenotype. In addition, the chemical feasibility for the previously proposed mechanism of action of polygodial, involving the formation of a Paal–Knorr pyrrole with a lysine residue on the target protein, was demonstrated by the synthesis of a stable polygodial pyrrole derivative. These studies reveal rich chemical and biological properties associated with polygodial and its direct derivatives. These compounds should inspire further work in this area aimed at the development of new pharmacological agents, or the exploration of novel mechanisms of covalent modification of biological molecules with natural products.
Solar Thermochemical Energy Storage Through Carbonation Cycles of SrCO3/SrO Supported on SrZrO3
Authors: Rhodes Nathan R. , Barde Amey , Randhir Kelvin , Li Like , Hahn David W. , Mei Renwei , Klausner James F. , AuYeung Nick 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSolar thermochemical energy storage has enormous potential for enabling cost‐effective concentrated solar power (CSP). A thermochemical storage system based on a SrO/SrCO3 carbonation cycle offers the ability to store and release high temperature (≈1200 °C) heat. The energy density of SrCO3/SrO systems supported by zirconia‐based sintering inhibitors was investigated for 15 cycles of exothermic carbonation at 1150 °C followed by decomposition at 1235 °C. A sample with 40 wt % of SrO supported by yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) shows good energy storage stability at 1450 MJ m−3 over fifteen cycles at the same cycling temperatures. After further testing over 45 cycles, a decrease in energy storage capacity to 1260 MJ m−3 is observed during the final cycle. The decrease is due to slowing carbonation kinetics, and the original value of energy density may be obtained by lengthening the carbonation steps.