bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of a Galeazzi fracture on the strength of pronation and supination two years after surgical treatment
Authors: Ploegmakers J. J. W. , The B. , Brutty M. , Ackland T. R. , Wang A. W. 
Published: October 2013

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a Galeazzi fracture on the strength of pronation and supination at a mean of two years after surgical treatment. The strength of pronation and supination was measured in varying rotational positions of the forearm of ten male patients (mean age 38.9 years (21 to 64)) who had undergone plate fixation for a Galeazzi fracture. The stability of the distal radioulnar joint was assessed, and a clinical assessment using the quick-Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (quickDASH) questionnaire and patient-related wrist examination (PRWE) scores was undertaken. In addition, the strength of pronation and supination was measured in a male control group of 42 healthy volunteers (mean age 21.8 years (18 to 37)).The mean absolute loss of strength of supination in the injured compared with the non-injured arm throughout all ranges of forearm rotation was 16.1 kg (sem 5.3), corresponding to a relative loss of 12.5% (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.6 to 21.4). For the strength of pronation, the mean loss was 19.1 kg (sem 4.5), corresponding to a relative loss of 27.2% (95% CI 14.2 to 40.1). Loss of strength of supination following a Galeazzi fracture correlated with poor quickDASH (p = 0.03) and PRWE scores (p < 0.01).Loss of strength of pronation (27.2%), and of supination (12.5%) in particular, after a Galeazzi fracture is associated with worse clinical scores, highlighting the importance of supination of the forearm in function of the upper limb.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1508–13.
Adverse peri-operative outcomes following elective total hip replacement in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tsang S-T. J. , Gaston P. 
Published: October 2013

Total hip replacement (THR) has been shown to be a cost-effective procedure. However, it is not risk-free. Certain conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, are thought to increase the risk of complications. In this study we have evaluated the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients undergoing THR and the associated risk of adverse operative outcomes. A meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted according to the guidelines of the meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology. Inclusion criteria were observational studies reporting the prevalence of diabetes in the study population, accompanied by reports of at least one of the following outcomes: venous thromboembolic events; acute coronary events; infections of the urinary tract, lower respiratory tract or surgical site; or requirement for revision arthroplasty. Altman and Bland’s methods were used to calculate differences in relative risks. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus was found to be 5.0% among patients undergoing THR, and was associated with an increased risk of established surgical site infection (odds ratio (OR) 2.04 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.52 to 2.76)), urinary infection (OR 1.43 (95% CI 1.33 to 1.55)) and lower respiratory tract infections (OR 1.95 (95% CI 1.61 to 2.26)). Diabetes mellitus is a relatively common comorbidity encountered in THR. Diabetic patients have a higher rate of developing both surgical site and non-surgical site infections following THR.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1474–9.
The long-term outcome of uncemented Low Contact Stress total knee replacement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Abram S. G. F. , Nicol F. , Hullin M. G. , Spencer S. J. 
Published: October 2013

We reviewed the long-term clinical and radiological results of 63 uncemented Low Contact Stress (LCS) total knee replacements (TKRs) in 47 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 69 years (53 to 81). At a mean follow-up of 22 years (20 to 25), 12 patients were alive (17 TKRs), 27 had died (36 TKRs), and eight (ten TKRs) were lost to follow-up.Revision was necessary in seven patients (seven TKRs, 11.1%) at a mean of 12.1 years (0 to 19) after surgery. In the surviving ten patients who had not undergone revision (15 TKRs), the mean Oxford knee score was 30.2 (16 to 41) at a mean follow-up of 19.5 years (15 to 24.7) and mean active flexion was 105° (90° to 150°). The survival rate was 88.9% at 20 years (56 of 63) and the Kaplan–Meier survival estimate, without revision, was 80.2% (95% confidence interval 37 to 100) at 25 years.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2013;95-B:1497–9.
Assessing the Adequacy of Concrete Mixes Utilizing PCB Powders
Authors: Huang Hsiu Lung , Hwang Chao-Lung , Peng Sheng Szu , Wang Edward H. , Chen Chun Tsun , Chiang Chu Chan 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Solid waste management is becoming a sustainability issue in highly industrialized societies. Recycling or reuse of solid waste is desirable to reduce the adverse impact of this material. The vast annual production of printed circuit board (PCB) waste in Taiwan creates environmental concerns because of the leaching of toxic chemicals into landfills. This study assessed the feasibility of utilizing resin powder and glass fiber recycled from PCB waste as a partial replacement of fine aggregate (natural river sand) in concrete. It also established a comprehensive test program to promote the use of recycling waste for waste reduction. The crushed powder of PCB mixed with standard mortar in fixed volumetric mix proportion, as sand:cement:water = 2.75:1:0.485 was the control group to test the fresh and hardened properties of the material. The test results of hardened specimen properties showed that the addition of PCB resin powder should be less than 10 %, and the addition level of glass fiber should be less than 2 %. The engineering properties and durability matched those of the cement mortar of the standard control group. Because toxic chemicals released from PCB powder and hardened concretes were found to be less than the tolerance limit in the local ordinances, waste PCB can be used in cement mortar, providing an alternative for recycling industrial waste PCB.
Active Versus Passive Cooling During Neonatal Transport
Authors: Chaudhary Rajiv , Farrer Kate , Broster Susan , McRitchie Louise , Austin Topun 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Therapeutic hypothermia is now the standard of care for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Treatment should be started early, and it is often necessary to transfer the infant to a regional NICU for ongoing care. There are no large studies reporting outcomes from infants cooled passively compared with active (servo-controlled) cooling during transfer. Our goal was to review data from a regional transport service, comparing both methods of cooling.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective observational study of 143 infants referred to a regional NICU for ongoing therapeutic hypothermia. Of the 134 infants transferred, the first 64 were cooled passively, and 70 were subsequently cooled after purchase of a servo-controlled mattress. Key outcome measures were time to arrival at the regional unit, temperature at referral and arrival at the regional unit, and temperature stability during transfer.

RESULTS:
The age cooling was started was significantly shorter in the actively cooled group (46 [0–352] minutes vs 120 [0–502] minutes; P &lt;.01). The median (range) stabilization time (153 [60–385] minutes vs 133 [45–505] minutes; P = .04) and age at arrival at the regional unit (504 [191–924] minutes vs 452 [225–1265]) minutes; P = .01) were significantly shorter in the actively cooled group. Only 39% of infants passively cooled were within the target temperature range at arrival to the regional unit compared with 100% actively cooled.

CONCLUSIONS:
Servo-controlled active cooling has been shown to improve temperature stability and is associated with a reduction in transfer time.
Infant Hospitalizations for Pertussis Before and After Tdap Recommendations for Adolescents
Authors: Auger Katherine A. , Patrick Stephen W. , Davis Matthew M. 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Recent universal vaccination efforts among children in the United States have markedly changed hospitalization patterns for many vaccine-preventable diseases. Infants with pertussis often require hospitalization to monitor for potentially life-threatening respiratory failure. In 2006, tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccination was recommended for universal administration to adolescents, a known source of pertussis in infants. By 2011, 78% of adolescents in the United States had received Tdap. We sought to understand if patterns of pertussis hospitalization for infants changed with adoption of Tdap vaccination among adolescents.

METHODS:
Infants (aged &lt;1 year) diagnosed with pertussis were identified in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample by using diagnostic codes. We used variance-weighted least-squares regression over preimplementation years (2000–2005) to estimate pertussis hospitalization patterns if Tdap had not been available. We compared expected hospitalization rates with observed rates for 2008–2011. Two years (2006 and 2007) were excluded from analysis during early Tdap implementation.

RESULTS:
The incidence of hospitalization for pertussis in 2000 was 5.82 (95% confidence interval: 4.51–7.13) discharges per 10 000 infants in the US population. The rate increased during pre-Tdap years by a mean of 0.64 pertussis discharges per 10 000 infants per year (P for trend = .004). Observed hospitalization rates for pertussis among infants were significantly lower than expected in 2008, 2009, and 2011, but in 2010 the observed and expected rates of hospitalization were not significantly different.

CONCLUSIONS:
Adolescent Tdap vaccination appears to be partially effective in preventing pertussis hospitalizations among infants. However, broader Tdap immunization coverage may be necessary to achieve sustainable reductions in infant pertussis burden.
Neonatal ECMO Study of Temperature (NEST): A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Field David 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUND:
Despite evidence to support the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in defined groups of newborn infants, rates of impairment among survivors remain high. Therapeutic hypothermia has been shown to provide neuroprotection in mature infants exposed to perinatal asphyxia. We hypothesized that therapeutic hypothermia during ECMO would reduce the proportion of infants with brain injury, and thus later impairment.

METHODS:
We conducted a randomized trial in the United Kingdom to compare ECMO with cooling (34°C for the first 48 to 72 hours) with standard ECMO (37°C). The primary outcome was the cognitive composite score of the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition, at 2 years. Prespecified secondary outcomes included death, neonatal morbidity, and other neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes at 2 years.

RESULTS:
A total of 111 infants were entered into the study, 14 died before 2 years of age (16% who received ECMO with cooling vs 9% who received ECMO alone). Two infants were lost to follow-up, and 8 were unable to complete the full range of tests. For 45 evaluated infants who received ECMO with cooling, mean cognitive scores at 2 years were 88.0 (SD: 16.2) compared with 90.6 (SD: 13.1) for 48 infants receiving ECMO only (difference in means: −2.6; 95% confidence interval: −8.7 to 3.4). The various secondary outcomes were not significantly different between the groups, but most favored ECMO without cooling.

CONCLUSIONS:
In newborn infants treated by ECMO, the use of mild hypothermia for the first 48 to 72 hours did not result in improved outcomes up to 2 years of age.
Does Non‐Surgical Periodontal Therapy in Overweight and Obesity Result in a Change in Body Mass Index? A Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Geisinger Maria L. , Holmes Carolyn M. , Geurs Nicolaas C. , Reddy Michael S. 
Published: October 2013

Focused Clinical QuestionIn patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) classified as overweight or obese who receive non‐surgical periodontal therapy, is a change in body mass index (BMI) associated with periodontal treatment?Clinical ScenarioA 47‐year‐old male presents to your office with a chief complaint of “I was told I have periodontal disease.” He is missing tooth #9 and has significant supragingival and subgingival calculus deposits (Fig. 1). After examination, you assign a diagnosis of generalized moderate to severe CP. His probing depths (PDs) range from 2 to 8 mm, and his clinical attachment levels range from 2 to 8 mm, with 56% of sites demonstrating PD ≥4 mm. His medical history is significant for hypertension, osteoarthritis, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and obesity, with a current BMI of 31 kg/m2. He reports taking 5 mg enalapril every day, ibuprofen as needed for pain, and 20 mg omeprazole every day. Your treatment plan includes non‐surgical therapy and periodontal reevaluation before possible phase II surgical treatment. The patient states that he recently read an article in lay media discussing the link between obesity and periodontal disease and is interested in optimizing his health.
Randomized Trial of Intensive Housing Placement and Community Transition Services for Episodic and Recidivist Homeless Families
Authors: Levitt Aaron J. , Mitchell Kristen , Pareti Lauren , DeGenova Joe , Heller Anne , Hannigan Anthony , Gholston Jennifer 
Published: October 2013

Objectives. We compared Home to Stay, a pilot of intensive housing placement and community transition services for episodic and recidivist homeless families, with a standard services approach. Methods. Using intention-to-treat analyses, we conducted a modified randomized trial of 138 Home to Stay client families and a control group of 192 client families receiving standard shelter services. Results. Home to Stay clients exited shelter more quickly than clients in the control group (Cox regression, P < .001), more commonly exited shelter with housing subsidies (75% vs 56%), stayed out of shelter longer (Cox regression, P = .011), and spent fewer total days in shelter (376 days vs 449 days). Home to Stay performed best with clients who entered shelter within 180 days of the pilot’s start date and had less impact on clients entering shelter before that time. Conclusions. Relative to standard services, Home to Stay services can accelerate exit from shelter and reduce return to shelter and total sheltered days for episodic and recidivist homeless families. Standard shelter services may be able to narrow this performance gap by incentivizing work with all episodic and recidivist homeless families.
Intelligent Monitoring Technology of Production Parameters in CO2 Flooding Production Wells
Authors: Changyu Liu , Shuying Song , Deping Zhang , Qing Li , Shuai Xing 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
CO2 flooding experiment is conducted on the old well after water flooding, without taking into account such designs as CO2 corrosion control and gas seal. There are more wellbore weak links. In order to meet the demand of the long-term safe CO2 flooding, safety risk assessment is required.
Wellbore risk assessment process and evaluation template is established.. Integrated application of cementing quality detection, casing condition and annual pressure evaluation technology, safety risk assessment technology of CO2 flooding has formed and established wellbore risk assessment on CO2 flooding wells converted from water flooding mature wells.
This technology has been widely applied in CO2 flooding test in Daqinzi, jilin oilfield, comprehensively evaluating safety condition of old wellbore, screening suitable CO2 flooding well and assessing annulus pressure condition of injection well to ensure the long-term safe CO2 flooding.
Selection Criteria for Successful Water Shut-Off Treatment - Brown Field Success Story
Authors: Permana D. , Fakhrizal Fakhrizal , Nurwibowo M. P. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A brown-field which is located in Sumatra has been producing for more than 40 years. This field currently has high water production with average field water cut 98%. This condition is really burdening operating cost of this field since water production is continuously increasing. In order to reduce water production, reduce operating cost and increase profitability of the field, water shut-off treatments were preferred to be applied to several wells in this field. Those treatments successfully achieved good result which was decreasing water production (from 20,688 BWPD to 4,719 BWPD) and maintaining or even increasing oil production (219 BOPD to 525 BOPD) due to reduction of water-cut of water shut-off wells from 99% WC to 88% WC.
Prior to executing water shut-off treatments program, all data, including historical well-work job and completion, production data, and reservoir data, were thoroughly reviewed to ensure the wells were properly selected for water shut-off treatments. After the treatments were completed, those data were reanalyzed to extract lesson learned for upcoming water shut-off treatments. Based on previously analyzed data and results of water shut-off treatments, in order to have higher probability of success ratio of water shut-off treatments, following things are must-have items that need to be considered: well’s diagnostic plot (WOR and WOR′) should clearly show that wells have water coning or channeling problem, well’s historical completion has not been treated with the same method of water shut-off treatment, and wells should have interval which is located above current oil-water contact (COWC).
This paper describes the analysis method, candidate selection, and lesson learned of success and failure that may be used as selection criteria for selecting water shut-off treatments candidate to ensure higher probability of success.
Gas to Liquids: Beyond Fischer Tropsch
Authors: Lewis Philip E. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The oil and gas industry has long sought ways of converting difficult to transport natural gas into easily transported liquids, especially from remote locations where local opportunities to market natural gas are limited. In recent years, interest in Gas To Liquids (GTL) has expanded beyond such "stranded" gas because of a widening spread between the market value of natural gas and hydrocarbon liquids even in locations with mature natural gas markets such as the USA. The Fischer Tropsch (FT) process is a well-known and established method of producing hydrocarbon liquids from natural gas; for some, it has become synonymous with GTL. This paper points out that commercial and near commercial alternatives to the FT process exist and may be commercially superior in somesettings. The focus is on technologies that have been successfully piloted.
Available alternatives to FT are primarily natural gas to methanol and methanol derivatives. Methanol synthesis is one of the most mature industrial processes and methanol annual production volume ranks among the top three products in the petrochemical industry. Traditionally, methanol has been primarily a precursor to formaldehyde and acetic acid. In recent years, methanol has achieved added importance as an precursor to olefins and motor fuels, including direct blending into the gasoline pool, and also as a precursor to many motor fuel products such as gasoline and MTBE, a gasoline additive still very important outside the U.S., and DME, a diesel fuel substitute.
Natural gas to ethanol, ammonia, and ammonia derivatives will also be considered.
Fatigue in BHA Connections: How to Cope with It and Extend Product’s Life
Authors: Plessis Guillaume , Brock James , Muradov Andrei , Youngson Steven 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Bottom-hole assembly (BHA) drill stem components and tools are heavy and have increased wall thickness compared to drill pipe. These components are typically run in compression, which can result in buckling, subjecting the BHA components to bending. Rotation under bending creates cyclic stress, fatigue, and can lead to possible failure. Changes in cross section and the presence of sharp corners and geometric discontinuities in the BHA thread/connection profile produce a higher localized stress state, a stress concentration, in comparison with the tube body of the BHA component. As a result, the connection is almost always the point of fatigue failure in drill collars (DC) and the point of failure in heavy weight drill pipe (HWDP) about half of the time. Therefore, increasing the fatigue life of the connection is beneficial. To increase BHA connection fatigue life, stress reducing features such as pin stress relief grooves, box borebacks, and a cold-rolling of the thread roots (creating a compressive stress state) have been incorporated into BHA connection design.
Additional connection designs have been developed that provide additional stress reduction and extend the connection fatigue life. Besides improving the resistance to fatigue crack initiation, these designs provide an added benefit of reducing the material loss when repairing (recutting) the connection. Three different field proven connection technologies are presented in this paper. The connection features that contribute to improved fatigue performance are described. The first is a modification to an API rotary shouldered connection. The second is a proprietary double-shoulder connection developed specifically for BHA tools. The benefits of both are discussed, including the results of full-scale comparative fatigue testing. The amount of material loss from repairing the connection and the impact on product life are also examined. Third, the use of streamline proprietary double-shouldered connections on heavy weight drill pipe (HWDP) is discussed. Recommendations are presented.