bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structured Medication Review to Improve Pharmacotherapy in People with Intellectual Disability and Behavioural Problems
Authors: Scheifes Arlette , Egberts Toine C. G. , Stolker Joost Jan , Nijman Henk. L. I. , Heerdink Eibert R. 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundPolypharmacy and chronic drug use are common in people with intellectual disability and behavioural problems, although evidence of effectiveness and safety in this population is lacking. This study examined the effects of a structured medication review and aimed to improve pharmacotherapy in inpatients with intellectual disability.MethodsIn a treatment facility for people with mild to borderline intellectual disability and severe behavioural problems, a structured medication review was performed. Prevalence and type of drug‐related problems (DRPs) and of the recommended and executed actions were calculated.ResultsIn a total of 55 patients with intellectual disability and behavioural problems, 284 medications were prescribed, in which a DRP was seen in 106 (34%). No indication/unclear indication was the most prevalent DRP (70). Almost 60% of the recommended actions were also executed.ConclusionsThis high prevalence of DRPs is worrying. The structured medication review is a valuable instrument to optimize pharmacotherapy and to support psychiatrists in adequate prescribing of both psychotropic and somatic drugs.
Pulmonary Vein Isolation to Reduce Future Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients Undergoing Typical Flutter Ablation: Results from a Randomized Pilot Study (REDUCE AF)
Authors: MOHANTY SANGHAMITRA , NATALE ANDREA , MOHANTY PRASANT , DI BIASE LUIGI , TRIVEDI CHINTAN , SANTANGELI PASQUALE , BAI RONG , BURKHARDT J. DAVID , GALLINGHOUSE G. JOSEPH , HORTON RODNEY , SANCHEZ JAVIER E. , HRANITZKY PATRICK M. , AL‐AHMAD AMIN , HAO STEVEN , HONGO RICHARD , BEHEIRY SALWA , PELARGONIO GEMMA , FORLEO GIOVANNI , ROSSILLO ANTONIO , THEMISTOCLAKIS SAKIS , CASELLA MICHELA , RUSSO ANTONIO DELLO , TONDO CLAUDIO , DIXIT SANJAY 
Published: April 2015

Benefits of PVI in Patients with Atrial FlutterBackgroundThis study examined incidence of AF following cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation alone or CTI plus prophylactic pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) in patients presenting with isolated atrial flutter (AFL) with no history of AF.Methods and ResultsWe enrolled 216 patients with isolated typical atrial flutter and randomized them to CTI alone (group 1, n = 108, 61.2 ± 9.7 year, 75% male) or CTI+PVI ablation (group 2, n = 108, 62.4 ± 9.3 year, 73% male). Insertible loop recorder (ILR) was implanted in 21 and 19 patients from groups 1 and 2, respectively. Remaining patients were monitored with event recorders, ECG, 7‐day Holter. Follow‐up period was for 18 ± 6 months.Compared to group 1, group 2 had significantly longer procedural duration (75.9 ± 33 min vs. 161 ± 48 min [P < 0.001]) and fluoroscopy time (15.9 ± 12.3 min vs. 56.4+21 min [P < 0.001]). At the end of follow‐up, 65 (60.2%) in group 1 and 77 (71.3%) in group 2 were arrhythmia free off‐AAD (log‐rank P = 0.044). A subgroup analysis was performed with 55 year age cut‐off. In the <55 age group the CTI only population had similar success as in CTI+PVI, (21 of 24 [83.3%] vs. 19 of 22 [86.4%], respectively, log‐rank P = 0.74). In the ≥55 group, having CTI+PVI showed significantly higher success compared to CTI only; 45 of 84 (53.6%) were AF/AT free in CTI only group versus 58 of 86 (67.4%) with CTI+PVI (log‐rank P = 0.029).ConclusionProphylactic PVI reduced new‐onset AF in patients with lone atrial flutter.
Long dsRNAbut not siRNAinitiatesRNAi in western corn rootworm larvae and adults
Authors: Li H. , Khajuria C. , Rangasamy M. , Gandra P. , Fitter M. , Geng C. , Woosely A. , Hasler J. , Schulenberg G. , Worden S. , McEwan R. , Evans C. , Siegfried B. , Narva K. E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractTransgenic maize plants expressing dsRNAtargeting western corn rootworm (WCR,Diabrotica virgifera virgiferaLeConte) v‐ATPase subunit CmRNAforRNAi provided significant root protection fromWCRlarval feeding damage in greenhouse assays compared to negative controls. Transcribed hairpin dsRNAinWCR‐resistant maize plants was present as both intact hairpin‐derived dsRNAand plant‐processed siRNA. Therefore, the ability of dsRNAand siRNAtargetingDv v‐ATPase CmRNAto cause anRNAi response was studied in bothWCRlarvae and adults. In 9‐day diet‐based feeding assays, dsRNAof at least 60 bp in length resulted in high levels of larval mortality. In contrast, 15‐, 25‐ or 27‐bp dsRNAs or pooled 21‐bp siRNAs did not cause mortality of exposed larvae. When larvae were fed with diet overlaid with siRNAs,Dv v‐ATPase Ctranscript levels did not change. Conversely, whenWCRlarvae were fed with diet overlaid with 184‐bp dsRNA, themRNAlevel was reduced by >20‐fold relative toyfpdsRNAnegative control. Similarly, 184‐bp dsRNAcaused 100% mortality ofWCRadults, whereas the mortality of adults fed on diet treated with siRNAs was similar to the negative control. Feeding adults with siRNAs on diet did not affect the level ofDv v‐ATPase CmRNAtranscripts, whereas adults fed with the 184‐bp dsRNAshowed approximately 35‐fold reduction in the targetmRNAlevel. Similar results were obtained with theWCRadults injected with 184‐bp dsRNAor 21‐bp siRNA. These results suggest that only long dsRNAor hairpin‐derived dsRNAis effective in causing lethal knock‐down ofDv v‐ATPase CmRNA. These results have implications for efficacious plant‐delivered dsRNAfor the protection of transgenic maize fromWCRfeeding damage and for the risk assessment of transgenic maize expressing insecticidal dsRNA.
Degree of Conversion, Depth of Cure, and Color Stability of Experimental Dental Composite Formulated with Camphorquinone and Phenanthrenequinone Photoinitiators
Authors: Albuquerque Pedro Paulo A. C. , Bertolo Marcusv. L. , Cavalcante Larissa M. A. , Pfeifer Carmem , Schneider Luis F. S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurposeThis study evaluated the applicability of 9,10‐phenanthrenequinone (PQ) in experimental dental composites.MaterialsCamphorquinone (CQ), PQ, ethyl 4‐N,N‐dimethylaminobenzoate (EDMAB) and diphenyliodonium salt (DPI) were employed. A mixture of 2,2‐bis(4‐[2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloxypropoxy]phenyl)‐propane/triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (60:40%) and silanated glass filler at 60% were used. A two‐peak‐based light‐emitting diode (LED) was used.MethodsThe photoinitiator absorption and the light emission spectra were determined by a Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and a spectroradiometer, respectively. Relative photon absorption (RPabs) was calculated. Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy analysis was used to determine the degree of conversion (DC). The optical properties were determined with a spectrophotometer. Depth of cure was assessed from adapted International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 4049. Results were analyzed with descriptive analysis, analysis of variance, and Tukey's test (α = 5%).ResultsPQ showed higher RPabs than CQ. Regarding the DC, CQ + EDMAB (control), CQ + EDMAB + DPI, PQ + DPI, and PQ + EDMAB + DPI produced statistically similar results. Groups formulated with CQ presented higher depth of cure. Only the group formulated with CQ + EDMAB presented satisfactory color stability (ΔE < 3.3).ConclusionPQ presented higher RPabs than CQ and it was able to produce DC similar to CQ + EDMAB, when used with DPI. However, groups formulated with PQ produced lower depth of cure, greater yellowing, and less color stability than the traditional combination CQ and amine.Clinical SignificanceAlthough research with novel photoinitiator systems should be encouraged, the traditional camphorquinone and amine pair remains as a reliable combination for the formulation of dental composites.
Rice tissue‐specific promoters and condition‐dependent promoters for effective translational application
Authors: Jeong Hee‐Jeong , Jung Ki‐Hong 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa) is one of the most important staple food crops for more than half of the world's population. The demand is increasing for food security because of population growth and environmental challenges triggered by climate changes. This scenario has led to more interest in developing crops with greater productivity and sustainability. The process of genetic transformation, a major tool for crop improvement, utilizes promoters as one of its key elements. Those promoters are generally divided into three types: constitutive, spatiotemporal, and condition‐dependent. Transcriptional control of a constitutive promoter often leads to reduced plant growth, due to a negative effect of accumulated molecules during cellular functions or energy consumption. To maximize the effect of a transgene on transgenic plants, it is better to use condition‐dependent or tissue‐specific promoters. However, until now, those types have not been as widely applied in crop biotechnology. In this review, we introduce and discuss four groups of tissue‐specific promoters (50 promoters in total) and six groups of condition‐dependent promoters (27 promoters). These promoters can be utilized to fine‐tune desirable agronomic traits and develop crops with tolerance to various stresses, enhanced nutritional value, and advanced productivity.
The regulation of p53 up‐regulated modulator of apoptosis by JNK/c‐Jun pathway in β‐amyloid‐induced neuron death
Authors: Akhter Rumana , Sanphui Priyankar , Das Hrishita , Saha Pampa , Biswas Subhas Chandra 
Published: April 2015

AbstractNeuronal loss in selective areas of brain underlies the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent evidences place oligomeric β‐amyloid (Aβ) central to the disease. However, mechanism of neuron death in response to Aβ remains elusive. Activation of the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and induction of the AP‐1 transcription factor c‐Jun are reported in AD. However, targets of JNK/c‐Jun in Aβ‐induced neuron death are mostly unknown. Our study shows that pro‐apoptotic proteins, Bim (Bcl‐2 interacting mediator of cell death) and Puma (p53 up‐regulated modulator of apoptosis) are targets of c‐Jun in Aβ‐treated neurons. We demonstrate that the JNK/c‐Jun pathway is activated, in cultures of cortical neurons following treatment with oligomeric Aβ and in AD transgenic mice, and that inhibition of this pathway by selective inhibitor blocks induction of Puma by Aβ. We also find that both JNK and p53 pathways co‐operatively regulate Puma expression in Aβ‐treated neurons. Moreover, we identified a novel AP1‐binding site on rat puma gene which is necessary for direct binding of c‐Jun with Puma promoter. Finally, we find that knocking down of c‐Jun by siRNA provides significant protection from Aβ toxicity and that induction of Bim and Puma by Aβ in neurons requires c‐Jun. Taken together, our results suggest that both Bim and Puma are target of c‐Jun and elucidate the intricate regulation of Puma expression by JNK/c‐Jun and p53 pathways in neurons upon Aβ toxicity.
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JNK/c‐Jun pathway is shown to be activated in neurons of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain and plays a vital role in neuron death in AD models. However, downstream targets of c‐Jun in this disease have not been thoroughly elucidated. Our study shows that two important pro‐apoptotic proteins, Bim (Bcl‐2 interacting mediator of cell death) and Puma (p53 up‐regulated modulator of apoptosis) are targets of c‐Jun in Aβ‐treated neurons. We demonstrate that the JNK/c‐jun pathway is activated, in cultures of cortical neurons following treatment with oligomeric Aβ and in AD transgenic mice, and that inhibition of this pathway by selective inhibitor blocks induction of Puma by Aβ. We have also observed functional co‐operation of both JNK and p53 pathway in regulation of Puma under Aβ toxicity. Most importantly, we identified a novel AP1‐binding site on rat puma gene which is necessary for direct binding of c‐Jun with Puma promoter. Thus, our results suggest that both Bim and Puma are target of c‐Jun and elucidate the intricate regulation of Puma expression by JNK/c‐Jun and p53 pathways in neurons upon Aβ toxicity.
“Target‐Lesion” SYNTAX Score (tSS) Determines Radiation Dose in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: HEE LEIA , THOMAS LIZA , ULLAH INAAM , JUERGENS CRAIG P. , LO SIDNEY , HOPKINS ANDREW , FRENCH JOHN K. , MUSSAP CHRISTIAN J. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the correlation between “target‐lesion” SYNTAX score (tSS) and radiation dose (RD) and examine the predictive value of tSS and other variables on RD from percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundThe complexity of PCI influences procedural RD. The novel tSS was utilized to quantify targeted‐PCI complexity.MethodsWe studied 420 consecutive patients who had PCI in our hospital. Two investigators independently measured tSS using the SYNTAX scoring algorithm. Patients were divided into three BMI (kg/m2) subgroups: <25 (normal), 25–30 (overweight), and >30 (obese); and tSS tertiles: <5.5 (simple), 5.5–9 (moderate), and >9 (complex).ResultsObese patients were significantly younger and likely to have diabetes mellitus (DM). tSS positively correlated with RD for both genders, with median RD significantly higher in males (P < 0.0001). tSS correlated with RD in all three BMI subgroups (all P < 0.0001). Multivariate linear regression showed RD can be predicted by the formula: RD = −898 + 18 tSS + 49 BMI + 142 DM + 207 male.ConclusionsWe report that tSS is a quantitative index of “target‐lesion” PCI complexity, which is easy to measure with good reproducibility. tSS significantly and independently correlates with RD, although the strength of the association is less than for other predictors of RD (gender, diabetes, and BMI). tSS may be used to determine the RD from PCI and enhance patient risk‐stratification when formulating a PCI strategy.
Is it Safe to Close ASD with the Guidance of Transthoraxic Echocardiography in Pediatric Population “Ten Years' Experience of a Single Center”
Authors: BAYKAN ALI , PAMUKCU OZGE , OZYURT ABDULLAH , ARGUN MUSTAFA , ONAN SERTAC HANDEDAN , SEZER SADETTIN , UZUM KAZIM , NARIN NAZMI 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveMain purpose of this study is to emphasize the usage and safety of transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in percutaneous atrial septal defect (ASD) closure in appropriate pediatric cases.BackgroundNowadays, percutaneous closure is preferred as treatment modality for ASD in pediatric age group.MethodsBetween the dates December 2003–August 2013; 340 patients whose ASD were closed included in this study. Physical examination, electrocardiogram, TTE were done before the procedure, at the 24th hour, 1st and 6th month after the procedure. After the 6th month, routine control was done annually. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed in 184 cases with large, multifenestrated ASD and when TTE views were poor in quality. We selected the 201 patients whose ASD diameter between 10–20 mm and formed 2 homogeneous groups according to the type of echocardiography used (TEE or TTE) in order to compare the role of echocardiography.ResultsThe demographic features of patients of 2 groups were similar. There was not any statistically difference between ASD, balloon sizing diameters between the groups. No statistically significant difference in the success, complication, and residual shunt rates was found between the groups. Procedure, fluoroscopy time, and amount were significantly higher in TEE group. When hemodynamic variables except pulmonary blood flow to systemic blood flow (Qp/Qs; right–left atrium mean pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and peak‐mean pulmonary arterial pressure) were compared, there was not statistically difference.ConclusionTEE is an invasive procedure and requires general anesthesia, therefore, it should not be done routinely in ASD but only in selected cases. If the size and the anatomy of ASD is appropriate, TTE should be preferred primarily in percutaneous ASD closure.
Prehistoric and historic distributions of the critically endangered Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus) in the eastern Atlantic
Authors: González Luis Mariano 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe present Atlantic range of the Mediterranean monk seal (Monachus monachus), a critically endangered species, comprises two populations in the Desertas Islands and Cape Blanco region. The species is currently the subject of an action plan that encourages the recolonization of its former range. I investigated their causes of its disappearance using species records from paleo‐archeological sites and historical sightings/toponyms. I hypothesize that the species' prehistoric range extended from the continental coasts of North Africa to the Iberian Peninsula, an area larger than its current known range. It is further hypothesized that the historic range included at least 13 colonies, seven more than the present number; and that the original optimal breeding habitat was open beaches, while sea caves were a suboptimal, marginal habitat. It is suggested that hunting and the disappearance of two islands due to a historical tsunami event explain the disappearance of the other populations, leaving only those at the Desertas Islands and Cape Blanco that were sheltered in sea caves. Furthermore, the use of sea caves, in conjunction with effective legal protection in the 20th century, explains the present‐day survival of these Atlantic colonies of M. monachus.
Nurses' perspectives: hospitalized older patients and end‐of‐life decision‐making
Authors: Dillworth Judy , Dickson Victoria V , Mueller Anna , Shuluk Joseph , Yoon Hye W , Capezuti Elizabeth 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAimsTo explore pressing issues identified by nurses caring for older patients in US NICHE (Nurses Improving Care for the Healthsystem Elders) hospitals, regarding palliative care and end‐of‐life (EOL) decision‐making. Objectives are to (1) identify the most pressing palliative care and EOL decision‐making issues and strategies to address them and (2) identify the association of nursing demographics (age, gender, race, education and experience), institutional/unit characteristics and these issues.BackgroundCritical care nurses have an integral role in supporting older patients and families faced with palliative care and EOL decision‐making issues. Despite national imperatives to improve the quality of palliative care, patients continue to experience uncontrolled pain, inadequate communication, disregard of their wishes and life prolonging interventions. These contribute to increased hospitalizations and costs. Understanding the prevalent issues is needed to address patient needs at the end‐of‐life.DesignIt is a mixed method study.MethodsA secondary analysis of the NICHE Geriatric Institutional Assessment Profile (GIAP) database (collected 1/08‐9/13) was conducted using the sample of Critical Care RNs who provided comments regarding palliative care and EOL decision‐making. Qualitative data were analyzed using Dedoose software. Data clusters and patterns of co‐occurring codes were explored through an iterative analysis process. Themes were examined across nurse demographics, institutional and unit characteristics.ResultsComments specifically addressing issues regarding EOL decision‐making were provided by 393 critical care nurses from 156 hospitals ( age = 42·3 years, 51% BSN degree). Overarching theme was discordance in goals of care (prolonging life versus quality of life), ineffective physician‐patient‐family communication, lack of time and unrealistic expectations.ConclusionsNurses' descriptions highlight the need for increased communication, staff education and availability of palliative care services.Relevance to PracticePalliative care and EOL decision‐making will remain a nursing priority as people age and require increased care.
Intravesical cidofovir to treat BK virus‐associated hemorrhagic cystitis in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Rascon Jelena , Verkauskas Gilvydas , Pasauliene Ramune , Zubka Vytautas , Bilius Vytautas , Rageliene Lina 
Published: April 2015

AbstractHC related to BK virus replication might be a severe complication following allogeneic HSCT. There are no clearly defined treatment guidelines in pediatric population. The data on the effectiveness of ICI to manage severe bleeding in children are very limited. We report our experience of intravesical cidofovir in four children, 6–15 yr of age, to manage grade III–IV BK virus‐associated HC. Three of four children had high CSA serum level prior to developing cystitis. Intravesical instillations of cidofovir resulted only in temporal relief of bleeding. After immune suppression was withdrawn or tapered, intravesical instillations of formalin solution had to be undertaken to abort severe bleeding. We concluded that intravesical cidofovir alone did not appear to be sufficiently effective in case of severe HC, necessitating complimentary procedures to stop macrohematuria.
Lethal and nonlethal murine malarial infections differentially affect apoptosis, proliferation, and CD8 expression on thymic T cells
Authors: Khanam S. , Sharma S. , Pathak S. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryAlthough thymic atrophy and apoptosis of the double‐positive (DP) T cells have been reported in murine malaria, comparative studies investigating the effect of lethal and nonlethal Plasmodium infections on the thymus are lacking. We assessed the effects of P. yoelii lethal (17XL) and nonlethal (17XNL) infections on thymic T cells. Both strains affected the thymus. 17XL infection induced DP T‐cell apoptosis and a selective decrease in surface CD8 expression on developing thymocytes. By contrast, more severe but reversible effects were observed during 17XNL infection. DP T cells underwent apoptosis, and proliferation of both DN and DP cells was affected around peak parasitemia. A transient increase in surface CD8 expression on thymic T cells was also observed. Adult thymic organ culture revealed that soluble serum factors, but not IFN‐γ or TNF‐α, contributed to the observed effects. Thus, lethal and nonlethal malarial infections led to multiple disparate effects on thymus. These parasite‐induced thymic changes are expected to impact the naïve T‐cell repertoire and the subsequent control of the immune response against the parasite. Further investigations are required to elucidate the mechanism responsible for these disparate effects, especially the reversible involution of the thymus in case of nonlethal infection.
Economic Growth and Wage Stagnation in Peru: 1998–2012
Authors: Paz Peter , Urrutia Carlos 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFrom 1998 to 2012, the Peruvian economy exhibited rapid growth. Moreover, the composition of the labor force improved in terms of education and experience, two variables that are typically associated to higher human capital. The average worker in 2012 had a higher level of education and was one and a half years older than in 1998, reflecting the impact of the demographic transition. However, the average real wage was roughly constant. We show that a decline in the wage premium for education, and to a minor extent for experience, is responsible for the lack of growth in the average real wage. Had these two premia remained constant throughout the period of analysis, average labor earnings would have increased by about 2.6% per year, of which 0.7 percentage points are accounted for by the changes in the composition of the labor force in terms of age and education. We explore the role of the relative supply of workers with different levels of human capital as an explanation for the decline in the wage premium for education. Finally, we analyze the implications of these findings for some macroeconomic variables, as earnings and wage inequality, the labor share and total factor productivity.