bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design Optimization of Horizontal Wells With Multiple Hydraulic Fractures
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: February 2015

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 167770, ’Design Optimization of Horizontal Wells With Multiple Hydraulic Fractures in the Bakken Shale,’ by Luigi Saputelli, SPE, Frontender Corporation; Carlos Lopez, SPE, BP; Alejandro Chacon, SPE, Halliburton; and Mohammed Soliman, SPE, Texas Tech University, prepared for the 2014 SPE/EAGE European Unconventional Resources Conference and Exhibition, Vienna, Austria, 25-27 February. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The ultimate performance of fractured wells in tight reservoirs is affected severely by the interfering effects inside the fracture and interfractures. The most important parameters for determining the optimum fracture length have been shown to be the formation permeability and the stimulated reservoir volume. Although studies have examined the performance of horizontal fractured wells and the fracture-geometry effect, fracture spacing and intersecting angles in vertical and horizontal wells should be investigated further. This study presents the results of a tight-oil-reservoir analogy.
Introduction
An efficient way to improve the productivity of ultratight shale formations is to increase the density of hydraulic fractures. Decreasing hydraulic-fracture spacing increases the productivity of the well, but the incremental production gain for each additional hydraulic fracture decreases. The current field practice is to develop 640- to 1,280-acre leases with 4,000- to 10,000-ft horizontal wells with multiple fractures. However, the determination of the optimal number of fractures is a challenge.
Historically, many of the first horizontal wellbores were drilled using the openhole method in the pay zone. This allowed a significant portion of the wellbore to be in contact with the reservoir. In 2004, a coiled-tubing-deployed jetting assembly was successfully used to focus the stimulation treatments in the openhole wellbore. This further demonstrated that openhole horizontal wells can be successful. Another completion method of that period that is still used is the plug-and-perforation technique in cased holes. The disadvantage of using this completion method, however, is that fracturing fluids can come in contact with the formation for an extended period of time.
Near the wellbore, the flow configuration in a transverse fracture intersecting a horizontal well can be of two types. Outside the fracture, the flow from the reservoir into the fracture is linear; inside the fracture, the flow is converging radial. Additionally, turbulence effects, fracture-conductivity impairment, scaling, and unstable wellbore flow regimes can play an important role in creating pressure drops, which affect well performance.
Visual and Optical Performances of Multifocal Intraocular Lenses with Three Different Near Additions: 6-Month Follow-Up
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Corpuz Christine Carole C , Fujiwara Megumi , Tomita Minoru 
Published: February 2015

Purpose :
To compare the visual and optical outcomes of four multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) with three different near additions of +3.00 diopters (D), +3.75 D and +4.00 D.

Methods :
In this prospective study, 133 eyes of 88 patients were implanted with one of the following IOLs: AcrySof® ReSTOR® SN6AD1 (+3.00 D) for Group A, AcrivaUD Reviol BB MF 613 or BB MFM 611 (+3.75 D) for Group B, and AcrySof® ReSTOR® SN6AD3 (+4.00 D) for Group C. The visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure, tomography and corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) were compared between the three groups preoperatively and at 6 month postoperatively. Defocus curve, contrast sensitivity and higher order aberrations (HOAs) at 6 month postoperative visit were measured and compared.

Results :
There were no statistically significant differences in distance visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure or ECD among the three groups after 6 months (P > 0.05). The photopic contrast sensitivity in Group C was statistically better than in Group A (P < 0.05). The scotopic ocular aberration in Group B was statistically greater compared to that in Group A (P < 0.05). The highest near-visual peaks were -0.06 logMAR at a -2.50 D (40 cm) in Group A, -0.07 logMAR at -3.00D (33 cm) in Group B, and -0.06 logMAR at -3.50 D (29 cm) in Group C. Statistically significant differences in near and intermediate visual acuities were observed among the three groups at -2.00 D (50 cm), -2.50 D (40 cm), -3.50 D (29 cm) and -4.00 D (25 cm) (P < 0.01).

Conclusion :
AcrySof® ReSTOR® SN6AD1 IOLs (+3.00 D) and SN6AD3 (+4.00 D) IOLs provided the best intermediate and near vision, respectively. Both intermediate and near vision were comparatively better in the eyes with AcrivaUD Reviol BB MFM 611 IOLs or BB MF 613 IOLs (+3.75 D).
Optimum BMI Cut Points to Screen Asian Americans for Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Araneta Maria Rosario G. , Kanaya Alka M. , Hsu William C. , Chang Healani K. , Grandinetti Andrew , Boyko Edward J. , Hayashi Tomoshige , Kahn Steven E. , Leonetti Donna L. , McNeely Marguerite J. , Onishi Yukiko , Sato Kyoko K. , Fujimoto Wilfred Y. 
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE
Asian Americans manifest type 2 diabetes at low BMI levels but may not undergo diagnostic testing for diabetes if the currently recommended BMI screening cut point of ≥25 kg/m2 is followed. We aimed to ascertain an appropriate lower BMI cut point among Asian-American adults without a prior diabetes diagnosis.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We consolidated data from 1,663 participants, ages ≥45 years, without a prior diabetes diagnosis, from population- and community-based studies, including the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study, the North Kohala Study, the Seattle Japanese American Community Diabetes Study, and the University of California San Diego Filipino Health Study. Clinical measures included a 2-h 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, BMI, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

RESULTS
Mean age was 59.7 years, mean BMI was 25.4 kg/m2, 58% were women, and type 2 diabetes prevalence (American Diabetes Association 2010 criteria) was 16.9%. At BMI ≥25 kg/m2, sensitivity (63.7%), specificity (52.8%), and Youden index (0.16) values were low; limiting screening to BMI ≥25 kg/m2 would miss 36% of Asian Americans with type 2 diabetes. For screening purposes, higher sensitivity is desirable to minimize missing cases, especially if the diagnostic test is relatively simple and inexpensive. At BMI ≥23 kg/m2, sensitivity (84.7%) was high in the total sample and by sex and Asian-American subgroup and would miss only ∼15% of Asian Americans with diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
The BMI cut point for identifying Asian Americans who should be screened for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes should be &lt;25 kg/m2, and ≥23 kg/m2 may be the most practical.
Predictors of Progression From the Appearance of Islet Autoantibodies to Early Childhood Diabetes: The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY)
Authors: Steck Andrea K. , Vehik Kendra , Bonifacio Ezio , Lernmark Ake , Ziegler Anette-G. , Hagopian William A. , She JinXiong , Simell Olli , Akolkar Beena , Krischer Jeffrey , Schatz Desmond , Rewers Marian J. ,   the TEDDY Study Group
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVEWhile it is known that there is progression to diabetes in &lt;10 years in 70% of children with two or more islet autoantibodies, predictors of the progression to diabetes are only partially defined.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study has observed 8,503 children who were at increased genetic risk for autoimmune diabetes. Insulin autoantibodies (IAAs), GAD65 autoantibodies (GADAs), and insulinoma-associated protein 2 autoantibodies (IA-2As) were measured every 3 months until 4 years of age and every 6 months thereafter; if results were positive, the autoantibodies were measured every 3 months.RESULTSLife table analysis revealed that the cumulative incidence of diabetes by 5 years since the appearance of the first autoantibody differed significantly by the number of positive autoantibodies (47%, 36%, and 11%, respectively, in those with three autoantibodies, two autoantibodies, and one autoantibody, P &lt; 0.001). In time-varying survival models adjusted for first-degree relative status, number of autoantibodies, age at first persistent confirmed autoantibodies, and HLA genotypes, higher mean IAA and IA-2A levels were associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes in children who were persistently autoantibody positive (IAAs: hazard ratio [HR] 8.1 [95% CI 4.6–14.2]; IA-2A: HR 7.4 [95% CI 4.3–12.6]; P &lt; 0.0001]). The mean GADA level did not significantly affect the risk of diabetes.CONCLUSIONSIn the TEDDY study, children who have progressed to diabetes usually expressed two or more autoantibodies. Higher IAA and IA-2A levels, but not GADA levels, increased the risk of diabetes in those children who were persistently autoantibody positive.
Peripheral Neuropathy and Nerve Dysfunction in Individuals at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: The PROMISE Cohort
Authors: Lee C. Christine , Perkins Bruce A. , Kayaniyil Sheena , Harris Stewart B. , Retnakaran Ravi , Gerstein Hertzel C. , Zinman Bernard , Hanley Anthony J. 
Published: February 2015

OBJECTIVE
Emerging evidence suggests that peripheral neuropathy begins in the early stages of diabetes pathogenesis. Our objective was to describe the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy and nerve dysfunction according to glucose tolerance and metabolic syndrome status and examine how these conditions are associated with neurological changes in individuals at risk for type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied 467 individuals in the longitudinal PROMISE (Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation) cohort. Peripheral neuropathy was defined by Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI) scores (&gt;2), and the severity of nerve dysfunction was measured objectively by vibration perception thresholds (VPTs) using a neurothesiometer. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the International Diabetes Federation/American Heart Association harmonized criteria.

RESULTS
The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy was 29%, 49%, and 50% for normal glycemia, prediabetes, and new-onset diabetes, respectively (P &lt; 0.001 for trend). The mean VPT was 6.5 V for normal glycemia, 7.9 V for prediabetes, and 7.6 V for new-onset diabetes (P = 0.024 for trend). Prediabetes was associated with higher MNSI scores (P = 0.01) and VPTs (P = 0.004) versus normal glycemia, independent of known risk factors. Additionally, progression of glucose intolerance over 3 years predicted a higher risk of peripheral neuropathy (P = 0.007) and nerve dysfunction (P = 0.002). Metabolic syndrome was not independently associated with MNSI scores or VPTs.

CONCLUSIONS
In individuals with multiple risk factors for diabetes, prediabetes was associated with similar risks of peripheral neuropathy and severity of nerve dysfunction as new-onset diabetes. Prediabetes, but not metabolic syndrome, was independently associated with both the presence of peripheral neuropathy and the severity of nerve dysfunction.
Empirical Research Towards the Factors Influencing Corporate Financial Performance on the Bucharest Stock Exchange
Authors: Vintilă Georgeta , Nenu Elena Alexandra , Gherghina Ştefan Cristian 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This study aims to investigate the potential factors of influence on corporate financial performance, by using the panel data regression analysis. The research was employed for a sample consisting of 40 companies listed on the Bucharest Stock Exchange, over the period 2010-2012. Corporate financial performance considered as the dependent variable was proxied through return on assets, return on equity, and Tobin’s Q ratio. There were selected the following factors that could influence corporate financial performance: capital structure, firm size, and corporate social responsibility involvement. Likewise, several control variables have been introduced: structure of the ownership and institutional investors. The results show a strong negative relationship between corporate financial performance and debt to equity ratio. Also, there has been revealed a positive influence of the company size on performance, although weak. Furthermore, the relationship between financial performance and social performance has been statistically validated, both using accounting and market ratios.
Baltic States Banking Sector Evolution
Authors: Balkevicius Arturas 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This article gives an overview of the Baltic States banking sector, analysis of the evolution, structure and their perspective. The banking sector was most focused on, as is currently the most important financial intermediation chain, which has the highest weight. The crisis 2008 has highlighted the impact of globalization on the financial sector. The banking industry must take responsibility not only for a profitable business, but also for the banking activities of the possible consequences economy as a whole. This article analyzes the evolution of the banking sector in Baltic States economy recovery; financial stability in Baltic States related to the uncertainty. This paper analyzes the banking sector problems, efficiency indicators and its evolution. Article examines the changes in banking sector with the economic growth, in crisis and after the crisis. It examined the banking sector in different States and its future development, improvement perspective.
Land Value and Rent Dynamics in an Integrated Walrasian General Equilibrium and Neoclassical Growth Theory
Authors: Zhang Wei-Bin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This paper is concerned with relationship between growth and land value change. It builds a heterogeneous-households growth model with endogenous wealth accumulation and fixed nondepreciating asset (land) in an integrated Walrasian general equilibrium and neoclassical growth theory. The production side consists of one service sector and one industrial sector. We use an alternative utility function proposed by Zhang, which enable us to develop a dynamic growth model with genuine heterogeneity. The wealth and income inequality is due to household heterogeneity in preferences and human capital as well as the households’ initial wealth. This is different from the standard Ramsey-type heterogeneous-households growth models, for instance, by Turnovsky and Garcia-Penalosa (2008), where agents are heterogeneous only in their initial capital endowment, not in preference or/and human capital. We build a model for any number of types of household and provide a computational procedure for simulating model. For illustration we simulate the model for the economy with three types of households. We simulate the motion of the national economy and carry out comparative dynamic analysis. The comparative dynamic analysis provides some important insights. For instance, as the rich group increases its propensity to save, the GDP and land value are increased. In the long term the group accumulates more wealth, consumes more goods and services and accumulates more wealth. But in the long term the other two groups suffer from the rich households’ preference change as their lot sizes, consumption levels of services and goods, and wealth are all reduced.
Identification and visualisation of possible ancient ocean shoreline on Mars using submeter-resolution Digital Terrain Models
Authors: Świąder Andrzej 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) produced from stereoscopic, submeter-resolution High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) imagery provide a solid basis for all morphometric analyses of the surface of Mars. In view of the fact that a more effective use of DTMs is hindered by complicated and time-consuming manual handling, the automated process provided by specialists of the Ames Intelligent Robotics Group (NASA), Ames Stereo Pipeline, constitutes a good alternative. Four DTMs, covering the global dichotomy boundary between the southern highlands and northern lowlands along the line of the presumable Arabia shoreline, were produced and analysed. One of them included forms that are likely to be indicative of an oceanic basin that extended across the lowland northern hemisphere of Mars in the geological past. The high resolution DTMs obtained were used in the process of landscape visualisation.
Setting Offer Prices by Housing Developers - Selected Issues in the Light of Literature Review
Authors: Dittmann Iwona 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This paper deals with selected theoretical issues pertaining to the setting of asking prices by housing developers. Determinants of the buyer’s and seller’s reservation prices have been identified. The advantages and disadvantages, in terms of behavioral economics, of the pricing strategies practiced by housing developers have been indicated. The strategy based on fixing an asking price roughly equal to the estimated market value of the property was compared with the strategy based on offering an inflated asking price (with the assumption of price negotiations). A second comparison concerned the strategy of price disclosure compared with the strategy of price non-disclosure.
The reflections contained within the article were based on behavioral economics and marketing theory. The discussion was based largely on foreign articles, observed examples of pricing policy carried out by housing developers in Poland, and information obtained from housing developers and real estate brokers who are active on the primary market.
The Application of Japanese Candlestick Charting on the Residential Real Estate Market
Authors: Gdakowicz Anna 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The real estate market is regarded as a part of the capital market. Just as they invest in securities, investors allocate their funds in real estate, hoping to make a sound profit. There are many tools that support the process of investing on the stock exchange, such as a technical analysis. There are also proven methods that help predict future prices of assets on the basis of their historic quotations.
The article is an attempt to transfer the Japanese method of candlestick charting used in the technical analysis of securities onto the real estate market. The method has been implemented on the residential real estate market due to the relatively large number of transactions being concluded there.
Real Estate Value Tax Based on the Latvian Experience
Authors: Hełdak Maria , Stacherzak Agnieszka , Baumane Vivita 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The article deals with the subject of the planned real estate changes in Poland as viewed in relation to the solutions accepted in Latvia. The current basis for real estate tax is a set fee per 1m² of the estate’s area established in a town council resolution, taking into account the maximum fees established by the Minister of Finances. Currently, the owners of real estates with identical area often pay the same tax regardless of the location, condition and function of the real estate formulated in the plan. The cadastral tax currently in preparation addresses these and other features which influence the value of real estate. A set cadastral value approximate to the market value will serve as the basis for determining the cadastral tax. The principles of real estate tax retrieval in Poland are not clearly established which is why it might prove useful to use the experience of other countries undergoing similar governmental changes. The article makes references to tax solutions recognized in Latvia in the domain of tax fees, valuation principles and problems accompanying real estate tax retrieval.
Choosing the Right Systems Integration
Authors: Péči Matúš , Važan Pavel 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The paper examines systems integration and its main levels at higher levels of control. At present, the systems integration is one of the main aspects participating in the consolidation processes and financial flows of a company. Systems Integration is a complicated emotionconsuming process and it is often a problem to choose the right approach and level of integration. The research focused on four levels of integration, while each of them is characterized by specific conditions. At each level, there is a summary of recommendations and practical experience. The paper also discusses systems integration between the information and MES levels. The main part includes user-level integration where we describe an example of such integration. Finally, we list recommendations and also possible predictions of the systems integration as one of the important factors in the future.
Modelling the Traffic System
Authors: Važan Pavel , Jurovatá Dominika , Hrčka Lukáš , Danek Maroš 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the simulation study results of the traffic system in the city of Hlohovec. The authors describe the process of building the model in Witness 2013c simulator. The individual entities of simulation model are explained in details, as the Witness simulator is primarily suitable for manufacture or service simulation and not for traffic system simulation. The goal of this paper is to analyse the traffic system and to suggest the changes for improving the traffic in the city of Hlohovec. All proposed measures will bring about 20% improvement of traffic when compared to the current state.
On Stability of Certain Class of 3-Rd Order Nonlinear Control Systems
Authors: Palumbíny Oleg , Neštický Martin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The paper deals with a certain class of nonautonomous ordinary third-order nonlinear differential equations L3y=f(t,L0y,L1y,L2y) with quasi-derivatives. A criterion of asymptotic stability in Liapunov sense as well as a criterion of instability in Liapunov sense is derived. The results are illustrated by two examples.
Experimental Evaluation of Integral Transformations for Engineering Drawings Vectorization
Authors: Vaský Jozef , Gramblička Matúš 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The concept of digital manufacturing supposes application of digital technologies in the whole product life cycle. Direct digital manufacturing includes such information technology processes, where products are directly manufactured from 3D CAD model. In digital manufacturing, engineering drawing is replaced by CAD product model. In the contemporary practice, lots of engineering paper-based drawings are still archived. They could be digitalized by scanner and stored to one of the raster graphics format and after that vectorized for interactive editing in the specific software system for technical drawing or for archiving in some of the standard vector graphics file format. The vector format is suitable for 3D model generating, too.The article deals with using of selected integral transformations (Fourier, Hough) in the phase of digitalized raster engineering drawings vectorization.
Proposal of the Methodology for Analysing the Structural Relationship in the System of Random Process Using the Data Mining Methods
Authors: Michaľčonok German , Kalinová Michaela Horalová , Németh Martin 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of applying data mining techniques to the problem of analysis of structural relationships in the system of stationary random processes. In this paper, we will approach the area of the random processes, present the process of structural analysis and select suitable circuit data mining methods applicable to the area of structural analysis. We will propose the methodology for the structural analysis in the system of stationary stochastic processes using data mining methods for active experimental approach, based on the theoretical basis.