bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EMBOLUS-INDUCED BRANCH RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSION WITH A PRESENTING BEST-CORRECTED VISUAL ACUITY OF <6/12 AND VISUAL FIELD DEFECT
Authors: Hsu Tsui-Kang , Chen Shih-Jen , Lei Jianqin , Wu Zhifeng , Lin Chih-Ching , Chen Mi-Mi , Lin Tai-Chi , Liu Jorn-Hon , Chao Hsiao-Ming 
Published: February 2013

Purpose:
To study the effects of translumenal Nd:YAG embolectomy (TYE) on the visual functions of patients presenting with decreased vision (<6/12) and visual field defect (VFD) from embolus-induced branch retinal artery occlusions.

Methods:
Case reports.

Results:
The initial information available for five Chinese patients consisted of best-corrected visual acuity, visual field, and the branch retinal artery embolus location/laterality. These consisted of Case 1 (6/15; 3-day upper VFD; temporal lower first bifurcation; left eye), Case 2 (6/120; 1-week upper VFD; macular edema; disk; right eye), Case 3 (6/30; 1-week upper VFD; temporal lower first bifurcation; left eye), Case 4 (6/60; 1-day lower VFD; temporal upper first bifurcation; left eye), and Case 5 (counting finger; temporal upper first bifurcation; left eye). In all five cases, a fluorescein angiogram showed delayed arteriolar filling. At approximately 2 weeks after a single TYE treatment (Cases 1, 3, and 5) or a double TYE treatment (Case 4), fluorescein angiogram showed restoration of arteriolar perfusion. Furthermore, the patients' visual field and MP-1 sensitivity reductions were attenuated in Cases 1, 3 and 4, and their best-corrected visual acuities had improved to 6/10 (Case 1), 6/7.5 (Case 3), 6/6 (Case 4), and 6/60 (Case 5). In Case 2, 2 TYE treatments combined with Avastin and Kenacort also improved her situation despite persistent macular edema with the best-corrected visual acuity further increasing to 6/7.5.

Conclusion:
Conclusively, TYE is a safe and effective procedure that can be used to treat eyes with embolus-induced branch retinal artery occlusion with a presenting best-corrected visual acuity of <6/12 and visual defect.
TheseirenaB Class Floral Homeotic Mutant of California Poppy (Eschscholzia californica) Reveals a Function of the Enigmatic PI Motif in the Formation of Specific Multimeric MADS Domain Protein Complexes
Authors: Lange Matthias , Orashakova Svetlana , Lange Sabrina , Melzer Rainer , Theißen Günter , Smyth David R. , Becker Annette 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe products of B class floral homeotic genes specify petal and stamen identity, and loss of B function results in homeotic conversions of petals into sepals and stamens into carpels. Here, we describe the molecular characterization of seirena-1 (sei-1), a mutant from the basal eudicot California poppy (Eschscholzia californica) that shows homeotic changes characteristic of floral homeotic B class mutants. SEI has been previously described as EScaGLO, one of four B class–related MADS box genes in California poppy. The C terminus of SEI, including the highly conserved PI motif, is truncated in sei-1 proteins. Nevertheless, like the wild-type SEI protein, the sei-1 mutant protein is able to bind CArG-boxes and can form homodimers, heterodimers, and several higher order complexes with other MADS domain proteins. However, unlike the wild type, the mutant protein is not able to mediate higher order complexes consisting of specific B, C, and putative E class related proteins likely involved in specifying stamen identity. Within the PI motif, five highly conserved N-terminal amino acids are specifically required for this interaction. Several families lack this short conserved sequence, including the Brassicaceae, and we propose an evolutionary scenario to explain these functional differences.
Progressive Transverse Microtubule Array Organization in Hormone-InducedArabidopsisHypocotyl Cells
Authors: Vineyard Laura , Elliott Andrew , Dhingra Sonia , Lucas Jessica R. , Shaw Sidney L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe acentriolar cortical microtubule arrays in dark-grown hypocotyl cells organize into a transverse coaligned pattern that is critical for axial plant growth. In light-grown Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings, the cortical array on the outer (periclinal) cell face creates a variety of array patterns with a significant bias (&gt;3:1) for microtubules polymerizing edge-ward and into the side (anticlinal) faces of the cell. To study the mechanisms required for creating the transverse coalignment, we developed a dual-hormone protocol that synchronously induces ∼80% of the light-grown hypocotyl cells to form transverse arrays over a 2-h period. Repatterning occurred in two phases, beginning with an initial 30 to 40% decrease in polymerizing plus ends prior to visible changes in the array pattern. Transverse organization initiated at the cell's midzone by 45 min after induction and progressed bidirectionally toward the apical and basal ends of the cell. Reorganization corrected the edge-ward bias in polymerization and proceeded without transiting through an obligate intermediate pattern. Quantitative comparisons of uninduced and induced microtubule arrays showed a limited deconstruction of the initial periclinal array followed by a progressive array reorganization to transverse coordinated between the anticlinal and periclinal cell faces.
Entrepreneurial opportunity recognition: an empirical study of R&D personnel
Authors: Wang Yu‐Lin , Ellinger Andrea D. , Jim Wu Yen‐Chun 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the antecedents of, and the relationships between, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, and individual‐level innovation performance.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaire data were collected from 268 senior R&D project team members (response rate 64.58 percent) along with 83 R&D managers who evaluated their employees' innovative behaviors in one science park in Taiwan.FindingsThe results show that an individual's self‐efficacy, prior knowledge, social networks, and perception about the industrial environment on opportunities all had positive effects on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. Also entrepreneurial opportunity recognition contributed significantly to individual‐level innovation performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings show that perception about the industrial environment on opportunities variable was the most important predictor among all four of the antecedents of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. That is, individual characteristics and traits cannot fully explain the entrepreneurial opportunity recognition process. Because the data were limited to high technology industry, future studies need to validate these findings in other industries.Practical implicationsFindings of this study suggest that to increase R&D employee's innovation performance, it is critical for high technology firms to invest in developing and enhancing employees' entrepreneurial opportunity recognition ability.Originality/valueThe process of entrepreneurial opportunity recognition has been viewed as a black box. Although the literature has explored various antecedents that influence entrepreneurial opportunity recognition, there is limited empirical research that has examined the linkage between entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and potential outcome variables.
Environmental knowledge, unlearning, and performance in hospitality companies
Authors: Cegarra‐Navarro Juan‐Gabriel , Martinez‐Martinez Aurora , Ortega Gutiérrez Jaime , Luis Leal Rodríguez Antonio 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe Spanish hospitality industry is facing environmental challenges which require organisations and individuals to learn new skills and practices and create new environmental knowledge. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationships between an unlearning context and environmental knowledge.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyses the relationships between an unlearning context and environmental knowledge and tries to identify whether environmental knowledge impacts on business outcomes through an empirical study of 127 Spanish hospitality companies.FindingsThe results support the hypothesis that, in order to create environmental knowledge and hence foster the application of new environmental knowledge, companies need to provide and support an unlearning context.Research limitations/implicationsIt is important that managers provide an appropriate unlearning context to support the openness of individuals to new ideas and environmental awareness.Originality/valueThis study provides hotel managers with a better understanding of the relationship between environmental knowledge and organisational outcomes and highlights that managers need to provide and support an unlearning context, which is customised and based on three frameworks: the framework for examining the lens through which individuals view situations; the framework for changing individual habits and the framework for consolidating emergent understandings.
Ownership structure, capital structure, and performance of group affiliation
Authors: Shyu Jonchi 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThis study seeks to examine how agency problems and internal capital markets in group‐affiliated firms are mutually influenced by the ownership structure, capital structure, and performance. It also aims to examine the endogeneity in group affiliation.Design/methodology/approachUsing panel data, this study employs two‐stage least squares regression with the instrumental variable technique to examine the relationship among capital structure, ownership structure, and performance of group‐affiliated firms. Simultaneous equation models are constructed to identify the effects of interdependent decisions.FindingsThe empirical results indicate a U‐shaped relationship between insider ownership and performance. Moreover, the alignment of ownership and control rights determines the relationship between ownership structure and performance for group‐affiliated firms. The capital structure decisions of group‐affiliated firms are independent of firm performance and insider ownership, supporting the view that capital structure decisions of group‐affiliated firms are determined by the overall characteristics of the business group, rather than those of the individual firms.Practical implicationsBusiness groups can reduce the agency problems that occur in group affiliation by increasing the insider ownership (after a certain tunneling point), debt financing, and dividend payout.Originality/valuePrevious studies have paid little attention to the effects of the agency problem and the internal capital market on group affiliation. Whether endogeneity is a consequence of the common characteristics of group affiliation or a result of the simultaneity existing among ownership structure, capital structure, and performance is also unknown. This paper fills some of these gaps.
Trust development in e‐services: a cohort analysis of Millennials and Baby Boomers
Authors: Obal Michael , Kunz Werner 
Published: February 2013

PurposeBuilding trust is crucial for e‐service providers looking to develop long‐term customer relationships. But consumers from dissimilar demographic groups behave differently. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the question, how do consumers from different generational cohorts develop trust in a website?Design/methodology/approachAn experimental study focuses on the navigation, vendor advice, privacy, and feedback mechanisms of an e‐tailer website. The between‐subjects design tests the effects of these four drivers on the online trust of 197 Millennials and 201 Baby Boomers.FindingsThe presence of feedback mechanisms, navigation, and vendor advice are stronger determinants of online trust for Millennials than for Baby Boomers; privacy is a stronger determinant for Baby Boomers.Research limitations/implicationsThis study focuses on four crucial variables of the website interface; further research should include other variables. Extensions to other e‐service settings, beyond online retailers, would be interesting. Finally, this study includes only Millennials and Baby Boomers rather than members of other generations.Practical implicationsThe results provide insights into how different generational cohorts dissimilarly develop online trust and highlight the need for managers to consider the online behaviors of cohorts when developing websites. Managers should emphasize the privacy elements for Baby Boomers but highlight navigation, vendor advice, and feedback mechanisms for Millennials.Originality/valueThis study is the first to research generational differences in the development of trust online.
The rise of the restaurant and the fate of hospitality
Authors: Symons Michael 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to examine the early history of restaurants, as invented in Paris around 1766, deciding whether a market orientation ruled out genuine hospitality.Design/methodology/approachContemporary accounts, such as Brillat‐Savarin's section “On Restaurateurs” in The Physiology of Taste in 1825, are considered against a definition of hospitality as a household's provision of care for non‐members.FindingsThe restaurateurs' innovation was selling individualized meals within the emerging consumer market. While Brillat‐Savarin recognized the commercial cynicism of even such brilliant exponents as Antoine Beauvilliers, their enterprises were hospitable to the extent that, emerging from domestic households, they were directed principally at meal‐making rather than money‐making. Highly “McDonaldized” corporations, whose primary purpose is profit, are a largely twentieth‐century development.Research limitations/implicationsDefining hospitality as the provision of care by households to outsiders is a common sense approach that, nonetheless, provides an alternative to the usual characterizations of hospitality, based on ethics, personality, performance or industry.Social implicationsOwner‐operated businesses are more likely to provide hospitality, certainly as traditionally understood, than corporations.Originality/valueSince eighteenth‐century France, restaurants have only become more important, and the use of the household definition contributes to their better understanding, both historically and conceptually. The definition should have wide applicability.
Tourism development in the Hot Lakes District, New Zealand c. 1900
Authors: Bremner Hamish 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to provide a historical overview of tourism development in the Hot Lakes District, New Zealandc.1900.Design/methodology/approachThe paper comprises primary archival research utilising a number of sources including government records, early newspapers, archived personal recollections, guide‐books and Native Land Court records. Secondary sources include the existing written histories of the region as well as contextual literature regarding tourism, colonisation and indigenous agency.FindingsIn a remote, isolated region of the central North Island of New Zealand, missionaries and local Māori started to provide accommodation for visitors during the 1850s. These visitors were staying overnight so they could view the Pink and White Terraces. The European ideology regarding the aesthetics of landscape helped transform the region into a “wonderland” for British sensibilities, and alongside this aesthetic ideology came a commercial/economic ethic that also transformed the region. This commercial ethic was adopted with acumen by local Māori who provided the required services as well as constructing European‐style hotels at Te Wairoa in the 1870s.Originality/valueThe paper provides a historical context for the development of tourism in the region through an exploration of the provision of service‐based products by local Māori. Examining the indigenous response to the demands of tourism has been sparsely examined in New Zealand history or in tourism/hospitality literature.
The impact of internal attributes of corporate governance on firm performance
Authors: Ahmed Sheikh Nadeem , Wang Zongjun , Khan Shoaib 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether internal attributes of corporate governance such as board size, outside directors, CEO duality, managerial ownership, and ownership concentration affect the performance of Pakistani firms.Design/methodology/approachPanel econometric technique namely pooled ordinary least squares is used to estimate the relationship between internal governance mechanisms and performance measures (i.e., return on assets, return on equity, earnings per share, and market‐to‐book ratio) using the data of non‐financial firms listed on the Karachi stock exchange Pakistan during 2004‐2008.FindingsThe empirical results indicate that board size is positively, whereas outside directors and managerial ownership are negatively related to the return on assets, earnings per share, and market‐to‐book ratio. Ownership concentration is positively related to all measures of performance used in this study. CEO duality is positively related to earnings per share only. As far as control variables are concerned, leverage is negatively related to the return on assets, return on equity, and earnings per share. Alternatively, firm size is positively related to all measures of performance. In sum, empirical results indicate that internal governance mechanisms have material effects on firm performance.Practical implicationsEmpirical results provide support to managers to understand how internal governance mechanisms affect the firm performance. Moreover, results provide support to regulatory authorities for enacting laws to make internal governance mechanisms work more effectively in the country.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the literature by exploring the effects of internal governance mechanisms on firm performance using the data of Pakistani firms. Moreover, empirical findings somehow proceed to confirm that theories of corporate governance surely provide some support to explain the relationship between internal governance mechanisms and firm performance.
Telecommunications reform and the internal market in Europe
Authors: Lemstra Wolter , van Gorp Nicolai 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThis paper seeks to make an assessment of the progress towards a fully fledged internal market for e‐communications in the European Union. The assessment is placed in the context of a quarter century of telecommunications reform in Europe.Design/methodology/approachA combination of qualitative and quantitative assessments is applied with a focus on fixed and mobile communications. The qualitative assessment includes interviews and a questionnaire. The quantitative assessment is based on econometric analysis of panel data.FindingsRemoving the remaining barriers in the internal market may in the long run provide benefits of €27‐55bn or the equivalent of 0.2‐0.4 percent of GDP at the European level. Major barriers identified are related to the degree of openness of national markets and the ability of telecom firms to exploit EU‐level economies of scale.Research limitations/implicationsIn the econometric benefit analysis no secondary effects are included. Further research is recommended to assess the effects, costs and benefits of enforcing a higher degree of harmonisation.Practical implicationsThe paper provides insights and recommendations that are valuable for policy makers.Originality/valueThe paper places the research executed in support of a study for the European Commission in the historical context of the telecommunications reform.
Liberating Europe's radio spectrum through shared access
Authors: Blackman Colin , Forge Simon , Horvitz Robert 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe European telecommunications landscape has been transformed over the past 25 years, but spectrum management has remained largely unchanged. The paper seeks to highlight the need for a more flexible approach to spectrum management and, in particular, the role of shared spectrum access.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on a research study to examine the value of shared spectrum access, based on a review of the literature, a survey of European national regulatory authorities, and scenario analysis.FindingsThe paper highlights trends in wireless data growth and, in particular, the impact of 4G cellular mobile technology over the next five years. With pressure also growing on the licence‐exempt bands at 2.4 and 5 GHz, a more flexible approach to spectrum management will be required in future, including light licensing, de‐licensing and spectrum sharing.Originality/valueThe paper brings together a range of evidence to show how the current approach to spectrum management is no longer able to cope with the social and economic demands for the radio spectrum. It should be of value to policy makers, industry analysts and academics.
Talent management in Russia: not so much war for talent as wariness of talent
Authors: Holden Nigel , Vaiman Vlad 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to supply insights into talent management (TM) in Russia in the light of Soviet experience and the contemporary officially sanctioned business‐antagonistic political culture.Design/methodology/approachA diachronic approach, whereby a key dictum of Karl Marx which underlays Soviet thinking and methods is contextualized and applied to post‐communist Russia, and TM practice in Russian firms and foreign firms in Russia is contrasted.FindingsA key finding is that there is seemingly greater value placed on Russian employees' talents by foreign companies. Six influential factors are identified which give Russian‐style TM a dysfunctional character: Russia's default position (i.e. instinctive gravitation to authoritarian rule), mistrust of institutions, entrenched “bossdom”, persistence of “Soviet mental software”, negative selection, and limited tradition of empowerment.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper highlights needs for: comparative empirical studies, contrasting Russian firms' and foreign firms' understanding and application of TM; investigation into the relationship of Russian‐style TM and career progression in Russian companies; and studies into contrasting ways of transferring TM concepts and practices by Western firms.Practical implicationsForeign firms must be prepared to engage with Russia's prevailing officially sanctioned business‐antagonistic, occasionally xenophobic political culture.Originality/valueThe paper demonstrates how engagement with contemporary Russia for management research purposes requires a deep appreciation of the Soviet period and the complexities of its legacy and judicious use of Russian‐language material adds credibility.