bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Short-Term Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturation on Cognitive Functions and Swimming Performance in Medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Liao Jialin , Li Minne , Yang Xin , Shi Haoran , Yuan Quan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

During the flood season, high dam operations for flood discharge result in total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation. This condition causes gas bubble trauma (GBT) and can even lead to fish mortality, posing a significant threat to downstream river ecosystems. Assessing the ecological risks of TDG presents a major challenge in water power-intensive river basins worldwide. Limited research has explored the impact of TDG on fish behaviors such as aggression and memory, which are crucial for feeding, reproduction, and predator avoidance. This study investigated the effects of acute TDG supersaturation stress on swimming behavior, aggression, and memory in medaka. Results indicated that Medaka exposed to 115% and 130% TDG supersaturation for 2 hours showed significantly reduced swimming performance. At TDG levels of 100%, 115%, and 130%, medaka displayed activity rates in the mirror arm of 44.34 ± 12.88%, 40.27 ± 15.44%, and 35.35 ± 16.07%, respectively, and in the active stimulus arm of 50.35 ± 14.75%, 40.76 ± 12.51%, and 35.35 ± 18.47%, respectively. As TDG levels increased, both aggression and memory in medaka significantly declined. The findings of this study could contribute to developing a TDG ecological risk assessment model based on fish memory and aggression, providing essential data for ecological management strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of TDG.
Towards Robust Urdu Aspect-based Sentiment Analysis through Weakly-Supervised Annotation Framework
Authors: Maqsood Zoya , Latif Seemab , Salman Ahmad , Latif Rabia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (ABSA) is pivotal for diverse applications but faces significant hurdles in under-resourced languages like Urdu, primarily due to the absence of a comprehensive, annotated benchmark corpus. This study tackles this gap by introducing a novel Weakly Supervised technique to construct a benchmark dataset tailored for Urdu ABSA, addressing public availability, domain coverage, and annotation comprehensiveness. Our dataset encompasses detailed annotations across all ABSA dimensions i.e. aspect, opinion, sentiment polarity and category. Through a comparative analysis involving Large Language Models (LLMs), human annotations, and pre-trained models based on expertly curated datasets, we demonstrate the dataset’s complexity and the nuanced nature of ABSA in Urdu, as reflected in the challenging outcomes of ABSA subtasks using a basic LSTM approach. This research not only advances Urdu ABSA techniques but also illuminates the broader challenges of Opinion Mining in under-resourced languages, setting a precedent for future work in this critical area.
Glucoregulatory hormonal responses to acute hypoglycemia in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Li Liyan , Liu Shudong , Yang Ping 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the glucoregulatory hormonal response to acute hypoglycemia in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Methods
Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 92) were enrolled and divided into elderly (≥ 60 years old) and nonelderly (< 60 years old) groups. Several glucoregulatory hormones were measured before (b) and 30 minute after (P30’) the correction of hypoglycemia.
Results
The magnitude of change in adrenaline concentrations (Δ-adrenaline) before and after hypoglycemia was significantly lower in the elderly group than in the nonelderly group. The b-and p30’-dopamine concentrations and the change in dopamine (Δ-dopamine) were greater in the elderly group than in the nonelderly group. The b-free triiodothyronine (FT3), b-free thyroxine (FT4), p30’FT3, and p30’FT4 concentrations were lower in the elderly group than in the nonelderly group. Compared to the nonelderly group, the elderly group had significantly decreased renin concentrations during hypoglycemia. There were no significant between-group differences in noradrenaline, cortisol, C-peptide, angiotensin II, aldosterone, or thyroid stimulating hormone concentrations.
Conclusion
Our results demonstrated that acute hypoglycemia had a complicated effect on glucoregulatory hormones in elderly diabetic patients, which dramatically differed from the effect observed in nonelderly patients.
Measurement of the 12C(e, e') cross sections at Q2 = 0.8 GeV2/c2
Authors: Mihovilovic Miha , Doria Luca , Achenbach Patrick , Ankowski Artur M. , Bacca Sonia , Bosnar Damir , Denig Achim , Distler Michael O. , Esser Anselm , Friscic Ivica , Giusti Carlotta , Hoek Matthias , Kegel Simon , Littich Maximilian , Megias Guillermo D. , Merkel Harald , Müller Ulrich , Pochodzalla Josef , Schlimme B. Sören , Schoth Matthias , Sfienti Concettina , Sirca Simon , Sobczyk Joanna Ewa , Stöttinger Yvonne , Thiel Michaela 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

We present the findings of a study based on a new inelastic electron-scattering experiment on the 12C nucleus focusing on the kinematic region of Q2=0.8 GeV2/c2. The measured cross section is sensitive to the transverse response function and provides a stringent test of theoretical models, as well as of the theoretical assumptions made in Monte-Carlo event-generator codes developed for the interpretation of neutrino-nucleus experiments, such as DUNE and HyperK. We find that modern generators such as GENIE and GiBUU reproduce our new experimental data within 10%.
PAC Codes: 12.20.-m , 25.30.Bf , 41.60.-m
Achieving Background-Limited Performance with Light-Induced Band Inversion in a Room-Temperature BP/Ge Heterojunction
Authors: Li Guanhai , Li Xin , Wang Jian , Chen Jin , Yu Feilong , Wang Jie , Liu Changlong , Guo Jiaoyang , Song Yuxin , Yang Jiaji , Chen Xiaoshuang , Lu Wei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Achieving Background-Limited Infrared Performance (BLIP) sets the ultimate standard for photodetector sensitivity, determined by unavoidable background radiation rather than intrinsic device noise. This threshold is critical for applications such as environmental monitoring and security systems. Traditional photodetectors, often limited by requirements for cryogenic cooling and precise lattice matching, do not suffice for practical scenarios. We introduce an approach using light-induced band inversion, exemplified by black phosphorus (BP) and germanium (Ge) heterojunction, which operates at room temperature. This method not only circumvents the need for complex environmental controls but also enhances performance under ambient conditions. The heterojunction's capability for dual photoresponse- producing both positive and negative outputs based on incident wavelength- is crucially bolstered by the suppression of carrier recombination at the interface. This advancement contributes to a low dark current density of approximately 1.2×10−6 A/cm² and a noise equivalent photon of 50, facilitating a peak detectivity of 9.81×1011 cm⋅Hz1/2⋅W−1 at 3460 nm, reaching the BLIP limit within the band 3460 ~ 4000 nm. The broad applicability of light-induced band inversion indicates its potential as a universal strategy for enhancing photodetection across diverse platforms and wavelength domains, paving the way for unmatched sensitivity and reliability.
Efficient Synthesis of Organosulfur Compounds via Electrochemical Biomass Conversion
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Xia Qing , Gao Xin , Wu Jie , Wang Xinzhong , Zhai Yanjie , Gong Shanhe , Li Weisong 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Artificial C-S bond formation plays a pivotal role in the preparation of drugs and their intermediates. Utilizing an electrochemical method powered by renewable energy offers a sustainable pathway to produce organosulfur compounds, but challenged by the low faradic efficiency (<6.8%) and production rate (< 10 µmol cm-2 hr-1). In this study, we developed an efficient electrochemical approach to build C-S bonds and prepare a broad range of C-S species in high yield by coupling biomass oxidation with an S-containing nucleophile using commercial catalysts. Taking methanol as a representative, we successfully synthesized hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS), sulfoacetate (SA), and methanesulfonate (MS). This system achieved a remarkable faradaic efficiency of over 95% within a low current density below 10 mA cm-2. At commercial current densities ranging from 100-1000 mA cm-2, the faradaic efficiency remained consistently over 60% in a practical flow reactor and high production rates, with stable operation over 50 hours without significant voltage increases or yield decreases at 100 mA cm-2. Four reaction pathways, with *CH2O, *CH3, and *CH2CH2O as key intermediates have been identified to facilitate the C-S bond formation. Impressively, this process can be effortlessly extended to synthesize a wide range of organosulfur and organonitrogen compounds from diverse feedstocks, achieving impressive production rates. Our approach promises to revolutionize the production of pharmaceuticals, textile chemicals, and agrochemicals.
From ctenophores to scyphozoans: a parasitic spillover of the burrowing sea anemone Edwardsiella (Cnidaria: Actinaria)
Authors: Iakovleva Anastasiia , Morov Arseniy R. , Angel Dror , Guy-Haim Tamar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Most host-parasite associations are explained by phylogenetically conservative capabilities for host utilization, and therefore parasite switches between distantly related hosts are rare. Here we report the first evidence of a parasitic spillover of the burrowing sea anemone Edwardsiella from the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi to two scyphozoan hosts: the native Mediterranean barrel jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo and the invasive Indo-Pacific nomad jellyfish Rhopilema nomadica, collected from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. The Edwardsiella planulae found in these jellyfish were identified using molecular analyses of the mitochondrial 16S and nuclear 18S rRNA genes. Overall, 93 planulae were found on tentacles, oral arms, and inside of the gastrovascular canals of the scyphomedusae, whereas no infection was observed in co-occurring ctenophores. DNA metabarcoding approach indicated seasonal presence of Edwardsiella in the Eastern Mediterranean mesozooplankton, coinciding with jellyfish blooms in the region. Our findings suggest a non-specific parasitic relationship between Edwardsiella and various gelatinous hosts based on shared functionality rather than evolutionary history, potentially driven by shifts in host availability due to jellyfish blooms. This spillover raises questions about the ecological impacts of parasitism on native and invasive scyphozoan hosts and the potential role of Edwardsiella in controlling their populations.
Development of a specialized method for simultaneous quantification of functional intestinal metabolites by GC/MS-based metabolomics
Authors: Funahashi Kazuki , Fukuda Shinji , Lee Chol Gyu , Sugitate Kuniyo , Kagata Noriko , Fukuda Noriko , Song Isaiah , Ishii Chiharu , Hirayama Akiyoshi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Intestinal metabolites produced by gut microbes play a significant role in host health. Due to their different chemical structures, they are often analyzed using multiple analyzers and methods, such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for SCFAs and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) for bile acids (BAs), amino acids (AAs), and sugars. In this study, we aimed to develop a specialized method for the simultaneous determination of important intestinal metabolites, specifically addressing the main issue of SCFA volatilization during the dry solidification process. We discovered that these compounds can all be measured in fecal samples by GC/MS after trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization despite the expected volatility of SCFAs. Validating the results using SCFA standards suggested that the fecal matrix exerts a stabilizing effect. This method enabled the simultaneous quantification of 65 metabolites. For further validation in a biological context, a mouse study showed that high-MAC and high-fat diets increased SCFAs and BAs in feces, respectively, and showed a negative correlation between Alistipes and sugars, all consistent with previous studies. As a result, we successfully developed a specialized simultaneous quantification method for SCFAs, BAs, AAs, AA derivatives, and sugars in fecal samples using GC/MS-based metabolomics in conjunction with a TMS derivatization pretreatment process.
Tensile strain-induced disorder and weak localization in SrRuO3 thin films on (100) KTaO3 substrates
Authors: Alka Km , Chauhan Shital , Singh Sandeep , Siwach P. K. , Singh H. K. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

SrRuO3 (SRO) thin (~ 12 nm) films have been grown on KTaO3 (001) substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. The as-prepared films are under enormous in-plane tensile strain, which corresponds to the elastic energy of ~ 1.5 MJ. Annealing in oxygen at 900 °C for 6 hr relaxes strain, partially lowering the elastic energy. The surface topography shows a transition from granularity as the Ar + O2 pressure increases from 5 mTorr to 200 mTorr, with a simultaneous change in the average surface roughness from 4 nm to 0.8 nm. Annealing transforms the topography to island-type and enhances surface roughness. The films deposited at 5 mTorr are semiconducting, and annealing further enhances the resistivity, but the overall temperature dependence of resistivity (ρ-T) remains semiconducting. The ρ-T of films grown at 200 mTorr shows a metallic behavior with an inflection in the ρ-T at TC~150 K, indicating the Curie transition. The resistivity upturn at lower temperatures shows the disordered nature of these films. Thus that large tensile strain causes strong disorder and hence is inimical to metallicity. The ρ-T behavior of the films grown at 5 mTorr follows the eq. \(\:\rho\:\left(T\right)=\frac{1}{{\sigma\:}_{0}+a{T}^{\frac{1}{2}}+{a}_{1}{T}^{\frac{p}{2}}}+b{T}^{\alpha\:}\) in the range 2K-300K with p=2 and α = 2. In the 200 mTorr deposited film, the above eq. is valid at T<95 K with p=2 and α = 1.5. At TC<T≤300 K, the ρ-T follows eq. \(\:{\rho\:}\left(\text{T}\right)={{\rho\:}}_{0}+\:{{\rho\:}}_{1}{\text{T}}^{{\alpha\:}}\) with α = 1.3 and 1.5 for the as-grown and annealed films. The lower temperature ρ-T upturn appears to be due to either the disorder-enhanced renormalized e-e interaction (REEI) or weak localization (WL) effects. The temperature and magnetic field-dependent magnetoresistance evidence a substantial WL effect in the films grown at 200 mTorr. Our results establish a strong correlation between the nature of strain, surface topography, and carrier transport mechanisms.
Awareness among medical students about pancreas transplantation in patients with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Absi Marla Michel , Basiki Mohamad laith Yahia , Hammoud Taghrid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
To study the awareness of medical students at the Syrian Private University about pancreas transplantation to treat type 1 diabetes and highlight the importance of the study in promoting the procedure of pancreas transplantation in our region.
Methods and materials:
A cross-sectional study. Data collection was conducted through electronic questionnaires and through personal interviews with students. The data collection process took place during the period 2-15-2024 until 5-31-2024, and then the data was entered and analyzed using the SPSS-28 statistics program.
Results
250 male and female students from different academic years participated in the research 97.6% of the students had heard of the pancreas transplantation process, and most of the students’ knowledge was from university lectures and the Internet, at rates of 58.8% and 21.2%, respectively. The percentage of students with weak knowledge was 20%, the percentage of those with moderate knowledge was 49.2%, and the percentage of those with good knowledge 30.8%, most students 98.6% believe that it is necessary to raise awareness about pancreas transplantation among the general public and medical community.
Conclusion
Our sample size is small, and the participation was only from medical students, and it is not equal. All of this makes it difficult to generalize the results or formulate an accurate conclusion, but it confirms the need for more studies to evaluate students’ information about pancreas transplantation.
The Negative Ions at the Lunar Surface (NILS) instrument on the Chang’E-6 mission
Authors: Canu-Blot Romain , Wieser Martin , Kerényi Máté , Barabash Stas , Wang Xiao-Dong , Maynadie Thomas , Zhang Aibing , Wang Wenjing , Melville Neil , Wang Qiong , Zou Yongliao , Dou Hao , Zhu Hanyou , Alatalo Vesa , Edström Andreas , Kalla Leif , Karlsson Stefan , Oja Magnus , Olsen Jonas , Peterson Joakim , Stålnacke Daniel , Upton David 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The Negative Ions at the Lunar Surface (NILS) instrument is a compact mass resolving negative ion and electron analyser flown on the Chinese Chang’E-6 mission to the Moon. NILS measures negative ions an electrons in the energy range of 3 eV/q to 3 keV/q with a mass resolution of m/Δm of about 2. The mass resolution is sufficient to separate charge converted solar wind protons and sputtered negatively charged atoms form the surface. An electro-magnetic electron suppression system allows to switch between electron and ion measurements. The fan-shaped field-of-view is divided into 16 discrete angular pixels that are scanned sequentially. For each viewing direction, an electron and an ion energy spectrum is acquired in 4.06 s. NILS has a mass of 919 g, excluding cables and multi-layer insulation. The power consumption is on average 2.7 W during nominal operations.
Factores de riesgo asociados a la agresividad en adolescentes: diferenciación por sexo.
Authors: Silva-Fernández Claudia Susana , Pabón Poches Daysy Katherine 
Published: July 2024

La agresividad se ha reconocido como prevalente en la población adolescente, debido a su carácter impulsivo y de inestabilidad emocional, que también caracteriza a la adolescencia. Ello lleva a la necesidad de conocer la frecuencia y la relación de los factores de riesgo de la agresividad en población adolescente, explorando sus diferencias según sexo. Así, esta investigación de enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, transversal de alcance correlacional, estudió la presencia y las relaciones entre la agresividad y sus factores de riesgo en 212 mujeres y 188 hombres adolescentes, entre 12 y 17 años de edad. Para lo cual, se aplicó una ficha de valoración de factores de riesgo y el cuestionario de agresividad premeditada e impulsiva (CAPI-A). Los hallazgos muestran mayor prevalencia de agresividad impulsiva, y la presencia de más relaciones con factores de riesgo en mujeres respecto a los hombres. Los factores de riesgos relevantes en las mujeres son las actitudes hacia la norma, la percepción sobre la agresividad y los sentimientos; en los hombres, las conductas de riesgo y los sentimientos. Esto resulta de utilidad para la comprensión de la agresividad como pauta comportamental, y el diseño de intervenciones preventivas de la agresividad y sus consecuencias
Facile fabricated silver Pterocarpus santilinoides biochar-based inorganic–organic hybrid nanocomposite for the photocatalytic decimation of methylene blue and micro-organisms
Authors: Nworie Felix Sunday , Frank Nwabue , Asogwa Emelda , Clinton Oroke 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) using an Ag-Pterocarpus santilinoides extract biochar nanocomposites (AgPSBN) followed by characterization and antimicrobial screening of the biogenic photocatalyst. The silver biochar nanocomposite was synthesized by incorporating silver nanoparticles onto the surface of biochar through a facile, biogenic, safe, cost-effective and ecofriendly method. The photosynthesized AgPSBN was porous and spherical with a size of 27 nm range. The UV-spectroscopic analysis indicated spectra bands at 648 and 667 nm for biochar and nanocomposite, respectively. The low band gap energy of 2.0 and 1.8 eV for the biochar and nanocomposite, respectively, is an indication that they can be an effective photocatalyst for the degradation of MB and for other energy applications. The percentage removal efficiency of 96.33% indicates high photodegradation ability which remained fairly constant (75%) after five cycle reuse indicating stability of the nanocomposite. The rate constant was evaluated to be 0.008 min−1. The nanocomposite indicated high inhibition zone diameter for Salmonella, E. coli, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameters of 15, 12, 10, and 8 mm, respectively. The results strongly suggest the nanocomposite to be an effective environmental decontaminant of dyes as well as microbes.
How much does reclaimed wastewater cost? A comprehensive analysis for irrigation uses in the European Mediterranean context
Authors: Expósito Alfonso , Lorenzo Lopez Antonia Maria , Berbel Julio 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

The new European Union regulation on the minimum requirements for the use of reclaimed water for irrigation entered into force in June 2023, thereby imposing concerns regarding the costs of this non-conventional resource for potential users in the context of increasing water scarcity in the Mediterranean region. This research offers a comprehensive cost assessment of reclaimed water production based on the financial information gathered from wastewater treatment plants located on the Mediterranean coast of Andalusia (Southern Spain). The results offer valuable information for policy-makers, water operators, and potential users to assess the economic viability of utilising reclaimed water as an alternative source to scarce conventional resources.