bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What does practice development (PD) offer mental health‐care contexts? A comparative case study of PD methods and outcomes
Authors: McCauley K. , Cross W. , Moss C. , Walsh K. , Schofield C. , Handley C. , Fitzgerald M. , Hardy S. 
Published: April 2014

Accessible summary
Comparing three bespoke practice development (PD) projects reveals similarities in the principles of person‐centred practice and cathartic personal growth, as relevant concepts to mental health.
PD offers a collaborative approach to practice‐driven quality improvement initiatives suitable to the psychologically informed mental health context.
Creating a workplace culture that allows all involved to contribute to service improvement can be achieved through embracing a PD‐driven change management strategy that aims to stimulate culturally sensitive care delivery.
AbstractPractice development (PD) in mental health nursing has been progressing over the last decade; however, the level and impact of PD activity in the field of mental health remains poorly understood outside localized project impact. More specific reporting and comparative analysis of PD outcomes will improve this situation. In response, this paper presents three case scenarios from work taking place in Australia and New Zealand, as working examples of how PD methodologies have been applied within mental health practice settings. Using a comparative framework that captures the contributing assumptions, practices, processes and conditions imperative to effective PD work within a mental health‐care context, three case vignettes are reviewed. The critical question driving this paper is ‘what mental health‐care services does PD offer in terms of transformational change approaches and the promotion of effective workplace cultures?’ Conditions considered necessary for successful PD initiatives within mental health contexts are explored such as how PD converges and diverges with mental health‐related theories, plus where and how PD activity best integrates with the specific elements associated with mental health‐care provision. The findings are further reviewed in line with reports of PD outcomes from other fields of health care.
Endothelin A (ETA) Receptors Are Involved in Augmented Adrenergic Vasoconstriction and Blunted Nitric Oxide-Mediated Relaxation of Penile Arteries from Insulin-Resistant Obese Zucker Rats
Authors: Sánchez Ana , Contreras Cristina , Martínez Pilar , Muñoz Mercedes , Martínez Ana Cristina , García-Sacristán Albino , Hernández Medardo , Prieto Dolores 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Endothelin 1 (ET-1) levels and receptors are up-regulated in the erectile tissue of diabetic patients and animal models of erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aim
The present study assessed the role of ET-1 receptors in the impaired adrenergic vasoconstriction and nitrergic relaxation of penile arteries from a rat model of insulin resistance.

Methods
The effect of ET receptor antagonists was evaluated on the contractile responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS) of penile arteries from obese Zucker rats (OZRs) compared with lean Zucker rats (LZRs). ET receptor expression was determined by immunohistochemistry.

Main Outcome Measures
Changes in neural nitrergic relaxation and adrenergic vasoconstriction and the expression of ET receptors in perivascular nerves were assessed.

Results
ET-1 (10−10 M) enhanced EFS-induced vasoconstriction, and treatment with the adrenergic neurotoxin guanethidine reduced the contractions induced by ET-1 in penile arteries from both LZRs and OZRs, thus supporting the hypothesis that ET-1 releases noradrenaline from adrenergic nerves. ET-1 antagonized neural nitric oxide (NO)-mediated relaxant responses in LZR arteries, antagonizing relaxations induced by the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine to a larger extent in arteries from OZRs. ETA and ETB receptors were expressed in perivascular fibers colocalized with the neuronal marker protein gene product 9.5 in penile arteries from OZRs. The ETA receptor antagonist BQ-123 reversed the enhancing effect of ET-1 on the vasoconstriction elicited by EFS and the ET-1-induced inhibition of nitrergic relaxations in LZRs, restoring them to control levels in penile arteries of OZRs.

Conclusions
ET-1 enhances adrenergic vasoconstriction through presynaptic ETA receptors and antagonizes neural NO-mediated relaxation through postsynaptic smooth muscle ETA receptors in penile arteries from OZRs, which likely contributes to the augmented vasoconstriction and blunted nitrergic relaxation of erectile tissue under conditions of insulin resistance.
Modernism and Sexology
Authors: Moddelmog Debra A. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractArising in the mid‐nineteenth century, sexology has been viewed as central to the development of sexual modernism, conceived as a sex‐saturated age in which sex became, as Havelock Ellis puts it, “the central problem of life.” This essay examines several prominent trends in research exploring the relationship of sexology, modern U.S. and British society and literature, and the history of sexuality. The first trend is the deepening and expansion of a long‐standing inquiry into the influence and effect of sexology on modernist literature. The second trend explores sexology's place in modern culture, suggesting that it was only one source (and sometimes not even the most important source) from which early twentieth‐century British and American citizens learned about sex. The final trend involves a lively and growing debate about how to write the history of sexuality, a project in which sexology has previously played a prominent role. Some scholars have called for a queering of this endeavor, in part by departing from traditional practices of history‐writing, whereas others have suggested that we can write the history of sexuality more complexly without completely abandoning recognized disciplinary practices. The essay ends by suggesting that some sexologists set the terms for a queer un‐raveling of the identitarian and pathologizing legacy of sexology and that this may be the side of sexology that appealed most to some modernist writers.
Systemic inflammation is associated with increased intrahepatic resistance and mortality in alcohol‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Mehta Gautam , Mookerjee Rajeshwar P , Sharma Vikram , Jalan Rajiv 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsAcute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by acute deterioration of cirrhosis, systemic inflammation and multi‐organ failure. Inflammation is also key to the pathobiology of portal hypertension. This study aims to define the relationship between systemic and hepatic haemodynamics in patients with ACLF.MethodsSixty patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were prospectively enrolled – stable cirrhosis (SC, n = 27), acute decompensation without ACLF (AD, n = 14) and ACLF (n = 19) – and managed with standard therapy. Systemic and hepatic haemodynamic studies were performed, and patients were followed up for 3 months. Plasma norepinephrine, cytokine profile, nitrate/nitrite and malondialdehyde levels were measured.ResultsThree‐month mortality was as follows: SC – none; AD – 14%; ACLF – 47.2% (P < 0.001). Mean arterial pressure was lowest in the ACLF group (P < 0.001). ACLF patients had significantly higher hepatic vein pressure gradient (HVPG), while the hepatic blood flow was markedly reduced with an increase in intrahepatic resistance, which predicted mortality (AUROC: 0.87, P < 0.0001). In ACLF, the severity of intrahepatic resistance correlated with markers of inflammatory response, norepinephrine levels, creatinine levels and severity of encephalopathy. Modelling data showed that the high norepinephrine levels in ACLF may contribute to the right shift of the HVPG–hepatic blood flow relationship and its levels correlated with inflammatory markers and mortality (AUROC: 0.90; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe disturbances in systemic and hepatic haemodynamics in alcohol‐related ACLF are associated with dysregulated inflammation, multi‐organ failure and marked activation of the sympathetic nervous system. These abnormalities predict high mortality rates in alcohol‐related ACLF patients.
Social and health behavioural determinants of maternal child‐feeding patterns in preschool‐aged children
Authors: Moreira Isabel , Severo Milton , Oliveira Andreia , Durão Catarina , Moreira Pedro , Barros Henrique , Lopes Carla 
Published: April 2014

AbstractParental child‐feeding attitudes and practices may compromise the development of healthy eating habits and adequate weight status in children. This study aimed to identify maternal child‐feeding patterns in preschool‐aged children and to evaluate their association with maternal social and health behavioural characteristics. Trained interviewers evaluated 4724 dyads of mothers and their 4–5‐year‐old child from the Generation XXI cohort. Maternal child‐feeding attitudes and practices were assessed through the Child Feeding Questionnaire and the Overt/Covert Control scale. Associations were estimated using linear regression [adjusted for maternal education, body mass index (BMI), fruit and vegetables (F&V) intake and child's BMI z‐score]. Principal component analysis defined a three‐factor structure explaining 58% of the total variance of maternal child‐feeding patterns: perceived monitoring – representing mothers with higher levels of monitoring, perceived responsibility and overt control; restriction – characterizing mothers with higher covert control, restriction and concerns about child's weight; pressure to eat – identifying mothers with higher levels of pressure to eat and overt control. Lower socioeconomic status, better health perception, higher F&V intake and offspring cohabitation were associated with more ‘perceived monitoring’ mothers. Higher maternal F&V intake and depression were associated with more ‘restrictive’ mothers. Younger mothers, less educated, with poorer health perception and offspring cohabiting, were associated with higher use of ‘pressure to eat’. Maternal socioeconomic indicators and family environment were more associated with perceived monitoring and pressure to eat, whereas maternal health behavioural characteristics were mainly associated with restriction. These findings will be helpful in future research and public health programmes on child‐feeding patterns.
Multilocus sequence typing of Candida africana from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis in New Delhi, India
Authors: Sharma Cheshta , Muralidhar Sumathi , Xu Jianping , Meis Jacques F. , Chowdhary Anuradha 
Published: April 2014

SummaryWe investigated the prevalence of vulvovaginal candidiasis due to C. africana in an STD clinic in India and analysed the genetic relatedness of these C. africana isolates with those outside India. A total of 283 germ‐tube‐positive yeasts were identified by VITEK2. Molecular characterisation of all isolates was carried out by hwp1‐gene‐specific PCR. Of 283 germ‐tube‐positive yeast isolates, four were identified as C. africana using hwp1‐gene‐specific PCR. All hwp1 PCR positive C. africana were subjected to antifungal susceptibility testing, ITS and D1/D2 region sequencing and were typed by using MLST approach. Similar to C. africana isolates from the United Kingdom and unlike those from Africa, the Indian C. africana grew at 42°C. Sequencing of eight gene fragments in MLST identified all four strains to have different genotypes not reported previously. Furthermore, though the Indian C. africana isolates were susceptible to most of the 14 tested antifungal drugs, differences in susceptibility were observed among the four strains. Our results indicate genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity among C. africana from different geographical regions. Due to lack of data on epidemiology and genetic variability of this under‐reported yeast, more studies using molecular methods are warranted.
Combination treatment of oral terbinafine with topical terbinafine and 10% urea ointment in hyperkeratotic type tinea pedis
Authors: Shi Tian‐Wei , Zhang Jiang‐An , Zhang Xian‐Wei , Yu Hong‐Xing , Tang Yong‐Bo , Yu Jian‐Bin 
Published: April 2014

SummaryHyperkeratotic‐type tinea pedis is chronic and recalcitrant to topical antifungal agents. Some topical antifungal agents are effective; however, long duration of therapy is required, which often reduce the treatment compliance of patients. To seek for short period therapy of hyperkeratotic type tinea pedis, in this study, we observed the efficacy and safety of treatment of topical terbinafine and 10% urea ointment combined oral terbinafine. Participants with hyperkeratotic type tinea pedis were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients in group I were treated with oral terbinafine for 2 weeks and topical terbinafine and 10% urea ointment for 4 weeks, whereas in group II, only the above topical agents were applied for 12 weeks. Clinical improvement rates and fungal eradication rates were compared between the two groups at 24 weeks after the initiation of treatment. The group I had stopped the topical therapy 8 weeks earlier than group II. There were no significant differences in mycological eradication rates and clinical improvement rates between the two groups, besides, no major side effects were noted in both groups. The short combination therapy with oral terbinafine was effective and safe; it should be a valuable option for patients with hyperkeratotic type tinea pedis.
Hume on the Projection of Causal Necessity
Authors: Marušić Jennifer Smalligan 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA characteristically Humean pattern of explanation starts by claiming that we have a certain kind of feeling in response to some objects and then takes our having such feelings to provide an explanation of how we come to think of those objects as having some feature that we would not otherwise be able to think of them as having. This core pattern of explanation is what leads Simon Blackburn to dub Hume ‘the first great projectivist.’ This paper critically examines the philosophical and textual basis for interpreting Hume as a causal projectivist. I argue that projectivist interpretations of Hume's account of causation are motivated by two convictions: that beliefs about causation, according to Hume, are not just beliefs about regularity relations and that believing that two events are necessarily connected, according to Hume, is not merely having a belief about something that occurs in one's mind. I suggest that the latter conviction is worth revisiting, both for textual and philosophical reasons.
Epoetin in the ‘untransfusable’ anaemic patient: a retrospective case series and systematic analysis of literature case reports
Authors: Heh‐Foster A. M. , Naber M. , Pai M. P. , Lesar T. S. 
Published: April 2014

SUMMARYBackgroundErythropoiesis stimulating agents [erythropoietin (EPO)] have been recommended to treat anaemic patients who cannot receive or refuse blood tranfusion (‘untransfusable’ patients).ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to quantify the association of EPO use with haemoglobin (Hgb) recovery in anaemic untransfusable hospitalised patients.Methods/materialsEPO treated anaemic untransfusable patients were identified through the combination of a retrospective case review and a systematic review of the medical literature. Literature reports of untransfusable patients not treated with any EPO were used as a comparator group. Hgb concentrations before and following EPO use were abstracted and used to determine the rate of Hgb recovery for each case. Multilevel mixed effects modelling was used to determine the association of Hgb recovery with EPO use.ResultsA total of 76 EPO treated cases (19 cases from the retrospective hospital case review and 57 from the literature), and 33 non‐EPO treated comparator patients from the literature were included in the study. Hgb increased similarly over time in all groups at an overall mean standard error (SE) rate of 0·13 (0·01) g dL−1 day−1. The Hgb recovery rate was higher in patients with lower baseline Hgb, regardless of EPO use. No association was found between the rate of Hgb recovery and EPO use, dose or therapy duration.ConclusionsIn anaemic, ‘untransfusable’ hospitalised patients, EPO use was not associated with increased Hgb recovery at anytime within 28 days.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Extremophile Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans A01, Isolated from the Wastewater of a Coal Dump
Authors: Yin Huaqun , Zhang Xian , Liang Yili , Xiao Yunhua , Niu Jiaojiao , Liu Xueduan 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

The draft genome of
Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans
A01 contains 3,820,158 bp, with a G+C content of 53.08% and 3,660 predicted coding sequences (CDSs). The bacterium contains a series of specific genes involved in the oxidation of elemental sulfur and reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (RISCs).
Complete Genome Sequence of the Edwardsiella ictaluri-Specific Bacteriophage PEi21, Isolated from River Water in Japan
Authors: Yasuike Motoshige , Kai Wataru , Nakamura Yoji , Fujiwara Atushi , Kawato Yasuhiko , Hassan Ebtsam Sayed , Mahmoud Mahmoud Mostafa , Nagai Satoshi , Kobayashi Takanori , Ototake Mitsuru , Nakai Toshihiro 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

We present the complete genome sequence for a novel
Edwardsiella ictaluri
-specific bacteriophage, PEi21, isolated from river water in Japan. An initial comparative genome analysis revealed that the phage was closely related to the previously reported
Edwardsiella tarda
phage MSW-3 isolated from a red sea bream farm in Japan.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Sphingobium
sp. Strain BHC-A, Revealing Genes for the Degradation of Hexachlorocyclohexane
Authors: Xue Chao , Cao Li , Zhang Rong , He Jian , Li Shunpeng , Hong Qing 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Sphingobium
sp. strain BHC-A, a
lin
gene-based hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-degrading strain, isolated from soil that suffered long-term HCH contamination in an insecticide factory.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Host-Restricted Salmonella enterica Serovar Abortusovis Strain SS44
Authors: Deligios M. , Bacciu D. , Deriu E. , Corti G. , Bordoni R. , De Bellis G. , Leori G. S. , Rubino S. , Uzzau S. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
serovar Abortusovis is a pathogen strictly adapted to ovines, in which it causes abortion. To enhance our understanding of this pathogen, we assembled the first draft sequence of an
S.
Abortusovis genome (strain SS44). The obtained genomic data might facilitate the study of
S. enterica
evolution and host adaptation.
Draft Genome Sequence of Nafulsella turpanensis ZLM-10
T
, a Novel Member of the Family
Flammeovirgaceae
Authors: Zhang Lei , Si Meiru , Zhu Lingfang , Li Changfu , Wei Yahong , Shen Xihui 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Nafulsella turpanensis
ZLM-10
T
is a slightly halophilic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, gliding, pale-pink-pigmented bacterium in the family
Flammeovirgaceae
, and it shows resistance to gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, and streptomycin. Here, we report the genome sequence of
N. turpanensis
strain ZLM-10
T
, which has a 4.8-Mb genome and a G+C content of 45.67%.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strain LR09, Isolated from a Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Leonard Susan R. , Lacher David W. , Elkins Christopher A. , Jung Carina M. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of
Escherichia coli
O1:H6 strain LR09, which was isolated from a wastewater treatment plant and displays high resistance to five fluoroquinolone antimicrobials. The assembled data determine that the strain clusters with
E. coli
phylogroup F and harbors a plasmid conferring resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics.
First Complete Genome Sequences of Genogroup VI Porcine Sapoviruses
Authors: Oka Tomoichiro , Saif Linda J. , Yang Zongzhao , Scheuer Kelly A. , Stoltzfus Garrett T. , Wang Qiuhong 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACT

Sapoviruses, members of the family
Caliciviridae
, are genetically diverse and divided into multiple genogroups. Only a few complete genome sequences of animal strains are available. We report the first complete genome sequences of genogroup VI sapoviruses, those of strains JJ674 and JJ681, isolated from fecal samples from diarrheic pigs.
Quantifying public preferences for different bowel preparation options prior to screening CT colonography: a discrete choice experiment
Authors: Ghanouni Alex , Halligan Steve , Taylor Stuart A , Boone Darren , Plumb Andrew , Stoffel Sandro , Morris Stephen , Yao Guiqing Lily , Zhu Shihua , Lilford Richard , Wardle Jane , von Wagner Christian 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesCT colonography (CTC) may be an acceptable test for colorectal cancer screening but bowel preparation can be a barrier to uptake. This study tested the hypothesis that prospective screening invitees would prefer full-laxative preparation with higher sensitivity and specificity for polyps, despite greater burden, over less burdensome reduced-laxative or non-laxative alternatives with lower sensitivity and specificity.DesignDiscrete choice experiment.SettingOnline, web-based survey.Participants2819 adults (45–54 years) from the UK responded to an online invitation to take part in a cancer screening study. Quota sampling ensured that the sample reflected key demographics of the target population and had no relevant bowel disease or medical qualifications. The analysis comprised 607 participants.InterventionsAfter receiving information about screening and CTC, participants completed 3–4 choice scenarios. Scenarios showed two hypothetical forms of CTC with different permutations of three attributes: preparation, sensitivity and specificity for polyps.Primary outcome measuresParticipants considered the trade-offs in each scenario and stated their preferred test (or chose neither).ResultsPreparation and sensitivity for polyps were both significant predictors of preferences (coefficients: −3.834 to −6.346 for preparation, 0.207–0.257 for sensitivity; p<0.0005). These attributes predicted preferences to a similar extent. Realistic specificity values were non-significant (−0.002 to 0.025; p=0.953). Contrary to our hypothesis, probabilities of selecting tests were similar for realistic forms of full-laxative, reduced-laxative and non-laxative preparations (0.362–0.421). However, they were substantially higher for hypothetical improved forms of reduced-laxative or non-laxative preparations with better sensitivity for polyps (0.584–0.837).ConclusionsUptake of CTC following non-laxative or reduced-laxative preparations is unlikely to be greater than following full-laxative preparation as perceived gains from reduced burden may be diminished by reduced sensitivity. However, both attributes are important so a more sensitive form of reduced-laxative or non-laxative preparation might improve uptake substantially.