bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hindcasting long‐term data unveils the influence of a changing climate on small mammal communities
Authors: Lupone Luke , Cooke Raylene , Rendall Anthony R. , Siegrist Angelina , Penton Cara , Carlyon Matt , Ouchtomsky Tim , White John G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimShifting climates are reshaping ecosystems globally and are projected to intensify over the coming century. Understanding how biodiversity will respond to these shifts is crucial for developing effective climate adaptation measures. We generate predictive models built from long‐term data to hindcast historic fluctuations in small mammal abundances as they have responded to shifting rainfall and fire conditions. This data set serves as the basis for predicting historical variations (hindcasting) in small mammal abundances, allowing us to examine their responses to decadal changes in fire and rainfall conditions within our study landscape.LocationAustralia (Victoria).TaxaSmall mammals (Mammalia).Time Period1970–2022.MethodsSmall mammal abundance was surveyed at 36 long‐term trapping sites and modelled against coinciding fire history, vegetation productivity and rainfall using generalized additive mixed models. Six species were then used in predictive modelling against these variables for the decades preceding our monitoring programme (1970–2007).ResultsAll species abundances increased with higher rainfall. Time since fire was also an important variable in all but one species model, with species displaying varying responses to time since fire. Hindcasting predictions for small mammal abundances varied with some species showing marked declines over time. Clear trends emerged, indicating more volatile population fluctuations in response to intensified fire and rainfall extremes in the 21st century. This suggests that periods of higher rainfall and less frequent fire events in the decades preceding our monitoring period supported higher and more stable small mammal abundances.ConclusionsNative species show distinct sensitivity to the combined effects of drought and fire, which has occurred in recent times. Intensification of these drivers has caused increased volatility in small mammal abundances with low abundance extremes occurring more frequently.
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in people with heart failure without diabetes: An analysis of real‐world, cohort data
Authors: Henney Alex E. , Riley David R. , Heague Megan , Hydes Theresa J. , Anson Matthew , Alam Uazman , Cuthbertson Daniel J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimSodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), used as a glucose‐lowering therapy in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), have significant cardiorenal benefits, reducing hospitalization for heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular mortality in patients with and without T2D. Recent clinical trial evidence suggests their potential utility in preventing incident T2D among the high‐risk HF populations. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether this finding was reproducible in a real‐world setting.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 484 643 patients with HF, without baseline diabetes, prescribed either angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers with/without SGLT2is (treatment, n = 42 018; reference, n = 442 625) across 95 global health care organizations, using a large real‐world ecosystem. Propensity score matching balanced arms 1:1 for confounders (n = 39 168 each arm). Subgroup analysis further evaluated the impact on patients with prediabetes and the efficacy of dapagliflozin/empagliflozin, specifically, on incident T2D and secondary outcomes, including all‐cause mortality, acute pulmonary oedema and hospitalization.ResultsTreatment with SGLT2is significantly reduced incident T2D {hazard ratio (HR) 0.71 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63, 0.75]} in patients with HF. The analysis of patients with prediabetes found that SGLT2is further reduced incident T2D [HR 0.62 (95% CI 0.45, 0.80)]. The magnitude of reduction in incident T2D was higher in patients prescribed dapagliflozin [HR 0.47 (95% CI 0.39, 0.56)] versus empagliflozin [HR 0.81 (95% CI 0.70, 0.93)].ConclusionTreatment with SGLT2is in patients with HF was associated with a reduced risk of incident T2D, most strikingly in people with prediabetes.
Dark tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of dysglycaemia and increased urinary glucose and sodium excretion in Chinese adults
Authors: Li Tingting , Sang Miaomiao , Wang Jinbang , Sun Zilin , Wang Duolao , Xie Cong , Huang Weikun , Rayner Christopher K. , Horowitz Michael , Qiu Shanhu , Wu Tongzhi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo examine the associations of tea consumption (both frequency and type) with (1) prediabetes and diabetes and (2) urinary glucose and sodium excretion in Chinese community‐dwelling adults.Materials and MethodsIn 1923 participants (457 with diabetes, 720 with prediabetes, and 746 with normoglycaemia), the frequency (occasional, frequent, daily, or nil) and type (green, black, dark, or other) of tea consumption were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Morning spot urinary glucose and urine glucose‐to‐creatinine ratios (UGCRs) were assessed as markers of urinary glucose excretion. Tanaka's equation was used to estimate 24‐h urinary sodium excretion. Logistic and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed.ResultsCompared with non‐tea drinkers, the corresponding multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for prediabetes and diabetes were 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48, 0.83) and 0.58 (95% CI 0.41, 0.82) in participants drinking tea daily. However, only drinking dark tea was associated with reduced ORs for prediabetes (0.49, 95% CI 0.36, 0.66) and diabetes (0.41, 95% CI 0.28, 0.62). Dark tea consumption was associated with increased morning spot urinary glucose (0.22 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.11, 0.34 mmol/L), UGCR (0.15 mmol/mmol, 95% CI 0.05, 0.25 mmol/L) and estimated 24‐h urinary sodium (7.78 mEq/day, 95% CI 2.27, 13.28 mEq/day).ConclusionsRegular tea consumption, especially dark tea, is associated with a reduced risk of dysglycaemia and increased urinary glucose and sodium excretion in Chinese community‐dwelling adults.
Bulbar muscle impairment in patients with late onset Pompe disease: Insight from the French Pompe registry
Authors: Retailleau Emilie , Lefeuvre Claire , De Antonio Marie , Bouhour Françoise , Tard Celine , Salort‐Campana Emmanuelle , Lagrange Emmeline , Béhin Anthony , Solé Guilhem , Noury Jean‐Baptiste , Sacconi Sabrina , Magot Armelle , Pakleza Aleksandra Nadaj , Orlikowski David , Beltran Stéphane , Spinazzi Marco , Cintas Pascal , Fournier Maxime , Bouibede Fatma , Prigent Hélène , Nicolas Guillaume , Taouagh Nadjib , El Guizani Taissir , Attarian Shahram , Arrassi Azzeddine , Hamroun Dalil , Laforêt Pascal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeLate onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is a rare neuromuscular disorder caused by a deficit in acid alpha‐glucosidase. Macroglossia and swallowing disorders have already been reported, but no study has focused yet on its frequency and functional impact on patients' daily life.MethodsWe reviewed 100 adult LOPD patients followed in 17 hospitals in France included in the French national Pompe disease registry. The Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Sydney Swallow Questionnaire were completed by patients, and a specialist carried out a medical examination focused on swallowing and assigned a Salassa score to each patient. Respiratory and motor functions were also recorded. Subgroup analysis compared patients with and without swallowing difficulties based on Salassa score.ResultsThirty‐two percent of patients presented with swallowing difficulties, often mild but sometimes severe enough to require percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (1%). Daily dysphagia was reported for 20% of our patients and aspirations for 18%; 9.5% were unable to eat away from home. Macroglossia was described in 18% of our patients, and 11% had lingual atrophy. Only 15% of patients presenting with swallowing disorders were followed by a speech therapist. Swallowing difficulties were significantly associated with macroglossia (p = 0.015), longer duration of illness (p = 0.032), and a lower body mass index (p = 0.047).ConclusionsSwallowing difficulties in LOPD are common and have significant functional impact. Increased awareness by physicians of these symptoms with systematic examination of the tongue and questions about swallowing can lead to appropriate multidisciplinary care with a speech therapist and dietitian if needed.
Baseline engagement with healthy lifestyles and their associations with health outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis enrolled in an online multimodal lifestyle course
Authors: Yu Maggie , Neate Sandra , Nag Nupur , Bevens William , Jelinek George , Simpson‐Yap Steve , Davenport Rebekah A. , Fidao Alex , Reece Jeanette 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeHealthy lifestyle behaviour modification may improve health outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), but empirical evidence is needed to confirm prior study findings. We developed an online multimodal lifestyle intervention (Multiple Sclerosis Online Course) to examine the impact of lifestyle modification on health outcomes in pwMS via a randomized control trial (RCT). However, the present study specifically analyses baseline data to assess engagement with healthy lifestyles by RCT participants and cross‐sectional associations with health outcomes.MethodsBaseline engagement with six “healthy lifestyle behaviours” of the intervention course (high‐quality, plant‐based diet; ≥5000 IU/day vitamin D; omega‐3 supplementation; ≥30 min physical activity 5 times/week; ≥30 min/week meditation; and nonsmoking) was examined. Associations between individual versus collective behaviours (individual behaviours summated) and health outcomes (quality of life [QoL]/fatigue/disability) were evaluated using multivariate modelling (linear/log‐binomial/multinomial).ResultsAt baseline, 33.7% and 30.0% of participants (n = 857) engaged in one or two healthy behaviours, respectively. In total, engagement with healthy lifestyles by participants was as follows: nonsmoking, 90.7%; omega‐3 supplementation, 34.5%; vitamin D supplementation, 29.8%; physical activity, 29.4%; diet, 10.7%; and meditation, 10.5%. Individual behaviours (nonsmoking/physical activity/diet) were independently associated with better health outcomes. Engagement with multiple behaviours, especially diet and physical activity, was associated with better outcomes; engaging with ≥4 behaviours was associated with a 9.0‐point higher mental QoL and a 9.5‐point higher physical QoL, as well as 23% and 56% lower prevalence of fatigue and moderate disability, respectively.ConclusionsBaseline engagement with ≥4 healthy behaviours, including diet and physical activity, was associated with better health outcomes.
An Economic Evaluation of Family‐Based Versus Traditional Helicobacter pylori Screen‐and‐Treat Strategy: Based on Real‐World Data and Microsimulation Model
Authors: Ma Yue , Zhou Xianzhu , Liu Yashi , Xu Shihan , Ma Aixia , Du Yiqi , Li Hongchao 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThere is an economic evaluation on the family‐based Helicobacter pylori screen‐and‐treat strategy (FBHS) in China. This study aimed to compare the cost‐effectiveness of the FBHS with the traditional H. pylori screen‐and‐treat strategy (TBHS).Materials and MethodsA seven‐state microsimulation model, including H. pylori infection and gastric cancer states, was constructed on the basis of the target family samples from 29 provinces in China. Taking a lifetime horizon from a healthcare system perspective, the long‐term costs and health outcomes of the FBHS and TBHS screening strategies were simulated separately, and economic evaluations were performed. The model parameters were primarily derived from real‐world data, published literature, and expert opinions. The primary outcome was the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) expressed as cost/quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY) gained. One‐way sensitivity analysis, probabilistic sensitivity analysis, and scenario analysis were performed to assess the uncertainty of the results.ResultsThe base‐case analysis revealed that the average costs for FBHS and TBHS were 563.67 CNY and 574.08 CNY, respectively, with corresponding average QALYs of 14.83 and 14.79. The ICER for the comparison between the two strategies was −214.07, indicating that FBHS was an absolutely dominant strategy with better cost‐effectiveness. The results of both one‐way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were robust. When taking into account the added benefit of the higher H. pylori eradication rate in FBHS, the average costs were further reduced, and the average QALYs were increased, solidifying its position as an unequivocally dominant strategy.ConclusionThe FBHS is an absolutely dominant and cost‐effective strategy that enables an optimized allocation of screening resources. Decision‐makers should prioritize FBHS when developing H. pylori prevention and control strategies.
Developing a Consensus Statement to Target Oral Health Inequalities in People With Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Mishu Masuma Pervin , Aggarwal Vishal , Shiers David , Peckham Emily , Johnston Gordon , Joury Easter , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A. , Goodall Katie , Elliott Emma , French Paul , Harris Rebecca , Laverty Louise , Palmier‐Claus Jasper 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionOral diseases are more prevalent in people with severe mental illness (SMI) compared to those without mental illnees. A greater focus on oral health is needed to reverse unacceptable but often neglected oral health inequality in people with SMI. This provided the impetus for developing ‘The Right to Smile’ consensus statement. We aimed to develop and disseminate a consensus statement to address oral health inequality, highlighting the main areas for concern and recommending an evidence‐based 5‐year action plan to improve oral health in people with SMI.MethodsThe Right to Smile consensus statement was developed by experts from several professional disciplines and practice settings (mental, dental and public health) and people with lived experience, including carers. Stakeholders participated in a series of online workshops to develop a rights‐based consensus statement. Subsequent dissemination activities were conducted to maximise its reach and impact.ResultsThe consensus statement was developed to focus on how oral health inequalities could be addressed through a set of 5‐year improvement targets for practice, policy and training. The consensus was reached on three 5‐year action plans: ‘Any assessment of physical health in people experiencing SMI must include consideration of oral health’, ‘Access to dental services for people with SMI needs to improve’ and ‘The importance of oral health for people experiencing SMI should be recognised in healthcare training, systems, and structures’.ConclusionThis consensus statement urges researchers, services and policymakers to embrace a 5‐year action plan to improve oral health for people with SMI.Patient or Public ContributionThe team included people with lived experience of SMI, their carers/family members and mental and dental health service providers. They were involved in every stage of developing the consensus statement, from conception to development and dissemination.
How do students engage with parallel corpora in translation? A multiple case study approach
Authors: Liu Kanglong , Su Yanfang , Lai Chun , Jin Tan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile emerging research has contributed significantly to our understanding of the efficacy of parallel corpora in translation education, specifically concerning student performance and perception, however, there remains a noticeable gap in the literature regarding the examination of student engagement with parallel corpora during the translation process. To address this research gap, the present study seeks to comprehensively analyse the behavioural, cognitive, and affective engagement of three MA students when utilizing parallel corpora in Chinese–English translation tasks. A multiple case study design was implemented, drawing upon a diverse range of data sources, including screencasts capturing students’ translation processes, the resultant translation outputs, corpus search logs, and in‐depth interviews. The findings of this investigation reveal distinct engagement patterns exhibited by individual students and underscore the intricate interplay of these three dimensions of engagement. Furthermore, student engagement with the parallel corpus significantly influences their translation performance. This research also unveils various factors that impact student engagement patterns, including the perceived affordances of the parallel corpus, students’ self‐perception, and learning motivation.
Predictors of initiating biologics in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: Linnemann Emilia , Nielsen Mia‐Louise , Maul Lara Valeska , Richter Clara , Dommann Isabella , Zink Alexander , Schlapbach Christoph , Yawalkar Nikhil , Conrad Curdin , Cozzio Antonio , Kündig Thomas , Navarini Alexander , Egeberg Alexander , Maul Julia‐Tatjana 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundBiologics are among the most effective therapies for psoriasis. However, many patients are only introduced to them at advanced stages of the disease course.ObjectivesOur aim was to identify predictors of initiating biologic therapy in patients with psoriasis and compare patients initiating biologics early versus late in their disease course.MethodsKaplan–Meier curves visualized time to biologic initiation, while Cox regression models further explored variables as predictors of biologic initiation. Mann–Whitney U and chi‐squared tests compared patients who started biologics early with those who began biologics later in the disease course.ResultsOur primary analysis included 233 psoriasis patients. Cox regression showed that age at diagnosis (P = 0.007), general physical well‐being (P = 0.02), and nail psoriasis severity (P = 0.02) were significantly associated with time to biologic initiation. Our secondary analysis, the comparisons between patients starting biologics early versus later in the disease course, included a total of 378 patients. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age at diagnosis was 34.5 (25.0–51.2) years for patients initiating biologics within 5 years, compared to 22.0 (15.0–32.8) years for patients initiating biologics later (P < 0.0001). The median (IQR) age at initiation was 37.0 (27.0–53.2) and 45.0 (36.0–55.0) years for patients initiating biologics earlier versus later than 5 years (P = 0.04).ConclusionsAge at diagnosis, general well‐being, and severity of nail psoriasis significantly predicted future initiation of biologic treatment. Patients initiating biologics early in their disease course were generally older at diagnosis but younger at the time of biologic initiation compared to patients initiating biologics later in their disease course.
Effects of virtual reality training on clinical skill performance in nursing students: A systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Authors: Kim Yoojin , Park Ha‐Young 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsThis review examined the impact of virtual reality (VR) training on nursing students' clinical skill performance and identified essential features of VR training.BackgroundVR provides immersive content, simulating real‐life scenarios and preventing errors in clinical settings.DesignThis systematic review and meta‐analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.Data sourcesStudies were obtained from Ovid‐EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PubMed.Review methodsStudies related to VR training published from 1 January 2000 to 8 May 2024 were included. Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis 4.0 software was used for meta‐analysis and random effects meta‐regression. The overall effect was assessed with Hedges' g and Z‐statistics (p < 0.05). Heterogeneity was measured using I‐squared (I2) statistics.ResultsAmong the 31 476 studies, 11 randomized controlled trial studies were included. Meta‐analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in clinical skill performance, with a medium to large effect (g = 0.61) in the VR group (Z = 3.80, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses highlighted higher nursing skills in the VR training topic. Meta‐regression revealed that the VR training topic (β = 1.23, p < 0.001) and method of VR training (β = −0.53, p = 0.05) were significant covariates influencing clinical skill performance.ConclusionVR training improves nursing students' clinical skill performance, addressing shortcomings in the clinical practicum.
Characteristics of chronic ulcer patients by gender and ulcer aetiology from a multidisciplinary wound centre
Authors: Kuikko Katarina , Salmi Teea , Huhtala Heini , Kimpimäki Teija 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChronic ulcer patients form a heterogenous group of patients with various medical backgrounds. Cost‐effective targeted treatment necessitates more knowledge about specific features related to different subgroups of ulcer patients. Hence, this study aimed to characterize ulcer patients according to gender and ulcer aetiology. A total of 946 consecutively recorded chronic ulcer patients in the Tampere Wound Registry (TWR) were included and data were gathered from the TWR and patient medical records. Comparisons were made between males and females and patients with venous‐, arterial or mixed‐, diabetic foot‐, pressure‐ and atypical ulcers. Male patients were found to have diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and obesity significantly more often than females (59.2% vs. 39.6%; p < 0.001, 46.5% vs. 33.3%; p = 0.001, 42.7% vs. 35.9%; p = 0.017 respectively), whereas autoimmune diseases were more common among females (30.6% vs. 15.6%; p < 0.001). Recurrence of ulcers was most common among patients with venous ulcers (p < 0.001) and multimorbidity among those with diabetic foot ulcers (p < 0.001). To conclude, males with chronic ulcers would benefit particularly from lifestyle advice, multidisciplinary treatment should be targeted specifically at those with diabetic and arterial or mixed ulcers and preventive measures at those with venous ulcers.
A Bayesian bias‐adjusted random‐effects model for synthesizing evidence from randomized controlled trials and nonrandomized studies of interventions
Authors: Yao Minghong , Mei Fan , Zou Kang , Li Ling , Sun Xin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveAn important consideration when combining RCTs and NRSIs is how to address their potential biases in the pooled estimates. This study aimed to propose a Bayesian bias‐adjusted random effects model for the synthesis of evidence from RCTs and NRSIs.MethodsWe present a Bayesian bias‐adjusted random effects model based on power prior method, which combines the likelihood contribution of the NRSIs, raised to the power parameter of alpha, with the likelihood of the RCT data, modeled with an additive bias. The method was illustrated using a meta‐analysis on the association between low‐dose methotrexate exposure and melanoma. We also combined RCTs and NRSIs using the naïve data synthesis.ResultsThe results including only RCTs has a posterior median and 95% credible interval (CrI) of 1.18 (0.31–4.04), the posterior probability of any harm (> 1.0) and a meaningful association (> 1.15) were 0.61 and 0.52, respectively. The posterior median and 95% CrI based on the naïve data synthesis resulted in 1.17 (0.96–1.47), and the posterior probability of any harm and a meaningful association were 0.96 and 0.60, respectively. For the Bayesian bias‐adjusted analysis, the median OR was 1.16 (95% CrI: 0.83–1.71), and the posterior probabilities of any and a meaningful clinical association were 0.88 and 0.53, respectively.ConclusionsThe results indicated that integrating NRSIs into meta‐analysis could increase the certainty of the body of evidence. However, directly combining RCTs and NRSIs in the same meta‐analysis without distinction may lead to misleading conclusions.