bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer survival of Hispanic women in the USA is influenced by country of origin
Authors: Chakraborty Subhankar , Smith Lynette , Ganti Apar Kishor , Bonthu, Neelima , Shimizhu Tomohiro , Batra Surinder K 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimPeople of Hispanic origin comprise nearly 16 percent of the (US) population. With the growing population of Hispanics in the USA, an important epidemiological question is whether their country of origin affects survival in Hispanic women living in the USA at the time of diagnosis of breast cancer.MethodsWe searched the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database for Hispanic women with a single primary breast cancer with known country of origin diagnosed between 1973 and 2008. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate whether the country of origin was an independent predictor of survival.ResultsIn total, 48 849 female breast cancer patients of Hispanic origin were included in the SEER database. Nearly 23 percent of them had an origin in Mexico, 9 percent in South or Central America 3 percent in Puerto Rico, 2 percent in Cuba, 0.3 percent in the Dominical Republic and 3 percent in other countries, including Europe. About 60 percent of patients were identified as Hispanic by their surname or classified as Spanish/Hispanic not otherwise specified. Median survival of patients in these groups was 204, 240, 142, 169, 82.4, 115.5 and 210 months, respectively (P < 0.0001 by log–rank test). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the country of origin was an independent predictor of survival in Hispanic women with breast cancer.ConclusionThe country of origin is an independent predictor of overall survival among Hispanic women diagnosed with breast cancer.
Fruit and vegetable intake and prostate cancer risk: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Meng Hongzhou , Hu Wenyi , Chen Zhaodian , Shen Yuehong 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimsRecent reports have examined the effect of fruit and vegetable intake on the risk of prostate cancer, but the results are inconsistent. A meta‐analysis of prospective studies was conducted to arrive at quantitative conclusions about the contribution of vegetable and fruit intake to the incidence of prostate cancer.MethodsA comprehensive, systematic search of medical literature published up to June 2012 was performed to identify relevant studies. Separate meta‐analyses were conducted for fruit and vegetable consumption. The presence of publication bias was assessed using Egger and Begg tests.ResultsIn total, 16 cohort studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta‐analysis. The combined adjusted relative risk comparing highest with lowest categories showed that there was no association between vegetable and fruit consumption and prostate cancer incidence. The pooled relative risk was 0.97 (95%CI 0.93, 1.01) for vegetables and 1.02 (95%CI 0.98, 1.07) for fruit. There is no heterogeneity between the studies. No publication bias was detected.ConclusionThis meta‐analysis suggests that total fruit or vegetable consumption may not exert a protective role in the risk of prostate cancer.
The corpus‐predominant gastritis index may serve as an early marker of Helicobacter pylori‐infected patients at risk of gastric cancer
Authors: Tsai Y.‐C. , Hsiao W.‐H. , Yang H.‐B. , Cheng H.‐C. , Chang W.‐L. , Lu C.‐C. , Sheu B.‐S. 
Published: April 2013

SummaryBackgroundTo eradicate Helicobacter pylori before the occurrence of precancerous changes is important to prevent gastric carcinogenesis.AimTo validate whether the corpus‐predominant gastritis index (CGI) can serve as an early marker to identify the H. pylori‐infected patients at risk of gastric carcinogenesis.MethodsThis study enrolled 188 subjects, including 43 noncardiac gastric cancer patients, 63 of their first‐degree relatives and 82 sex‐ and age‐matched duodenal ulcer patients as controls. All received endoscopy to provide topographic gastric specimens to test for H. pylori infection and its related histological features, translated into the operative link on gastritis assessment (OLGA), operative link on gastric intestinal metaplasia assessment (OLGIM) stages, and the presence of CGI. Spasmolytic polypeptide‐expressing metaplasia (SPEM) was assessed by immunohistochemistry staining of trefoil factor 2.ResultsGastric cancer patients had higher prevalence of CGI and OLGIM stage II–IV, but not OLGA stage II–IV, than the controls (P = 0.001, OR = 3.4[95% CI: 1.4–8.1] for CGI; OR = 5.0[95% CI: 2.0–12.8] for OLGIM). In patients with the combined presence of CGI and OLGIM stage II–IV, the risk of gastric cancer increased to 9.8 (P < 0.001). The first‐degree relatives of the gastric cancer patients had a higher rate of the presence of CGI, but not OLGA or OLGIM stage II–IV than the duodenal ulcer controls (P = 0.001). Of the first‐degree relatives, the presence of CGI increased the risk of SPEM (P = 0.003, OR = 5.5[95% CI: 1.8–17.0]).ConclusionThe corpus‐predominant gastritis index, which is highly correlated to SPEM, may serve as an early marker to identify the H. pylori‐infected patients at a higher risk of gastric cancer.
Bidirectional relationships between cigarette use and spinal pain in adolescents accounting for psychosocial functioning
Authors: Gill Davinder K. , Davis Melissa C. , Smith Anne J. , Straker Leon M. 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the presence of possible bidirectional causal pathways between cigarette use and spinal pain in adolescents controlling for psychosocial functioning, using a prospective longitudinal research design.DesignThe data for this study was collected from a cohort of Australian adolescents at 14 (n = 1596) and 17 (n = 1291) years of age.MethodsMultivariable logistic regression was used to assess i) if cigarette use at 14 predicted low back pain (LBP), mid back pain (MBP) or neck shoulder pain (NSP) at 17 in those adolescents without each condition at 14, and ii) if back pain only (BP), neck shoulder pain only (NSP) or comorbid BP and NSP at 14 predicted cigarette use at 17 in those adolescents who did not smoke at 14.ResultsAfter controlling for psychosocial factors, cigarette use at 14 predicted MBP at 17 (OR = 3.05, p = 0.049, 95% CI [1.01‐9.24]). BP only at 14 was a significant risk factor for smoking at 17 (OR = 1.84, p = 0.006, 95% CI [1.19‐2.84]) after controlling for psychosocial factors.ConclusionThe findings indicate that there are bi‐directional relationships between cigarette use and spinal pain and that these relationships vary with pain location.Statement of contributionWhat is already known about the subject? Cigarette use, psychosocial problems and spinal pain are common in adolescents and evidence suggests bi‐directional relationships.

What does this study add?

Cigarette use, psychosocial problems and spinal pain are correlated in adolescents.

BP only at 14 years of age predicted cigarette use at 17 years of age after controlling for psychosocial factors.

Cigarette use at 14 years of age predicted mid BP at 17 years of age after controlling for psychosocial factors.
Robot‐assisted laparoscopic artificial urinary sphincter insertion in men with neurogenic stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Yates David R. , Phé Véronique , Rouprêt Morgan , Vaessen Christophe , Parra Jérôme , Mozer Pierre , Chartier‐Kastler Emmanuel 
Published: April 2013

Objective
To describe for the first time the technique of robot‐assisted artificial urinary sphincter (R‐AUS) insertion in male patients with neurogenic incontinence.
Materials and Methods
From January 2011 to the present date, six patients with spinal cord injury have undergone R‐AUS insertion at our academic institution and we have prospectively collected data on pre‐, peri‐ and early postoperative outcomes.
A transperitoneal five‐port approach was used using a three‐arm standard da Vinci® robot (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) in a 30° reverse Trendelenburg position.
The artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) cuff was placed circumferentially around the bladder neck, the reservoir was left intra‐abdominally in a lateral vesicular space and the pump was placed in a classic scrotal position.
Results
All six patients had successful robotic implantation of the AUS. The median patient age was 51.5 years, the median (range) operating time was 195 (175–250) min with no significant blood loss or intra‐operative complications. The median (range) length of hospital stay was 4 (4–6) days.
At a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 13 (6–21) months, all six patients had a functioning device with complete continence.
To date, we have observed no incidence of early erosion, device infection or device malfunction.
Conclusions
Allowing for the preliminary nature of our data, R‐AUS insertion appears safe and technically feasible.
Larger studies with long‐term follow‐up and comparison with open AUS insertion are necessary before definitive statements can be made for R‐AUS in respect of complications and functional outcomes.
The European Association of Urology Robotic Urology Section (ERUS) survey of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP)
Authors: Ficarra Vincenzo , Wiklund Peter N. , Rochat Charles Henry , Dasgupta Prokar , Challacombe Benjamin J. , Sooriakumaran Prasanna , Siemer Stefan , Suardi Nazareno , Novara Giacomo , Mottrie Alexandre 
Published: April 2013

Objective
To evaluate surgeons adherence to current clinical practice, with the available evidence, for robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and offer a baseline assessment to measure the impact of the Pasadena recommendations. Recently, the European Association of Urology Robotic Urology Section (ERUS) supported the Pasadena Consensus Conference on best practices in RARP.
Subjects and Methods
This survey was performed in January 2012. A specific questionnaire was sent, by e‐mail, to 145 robotic surgeons who were included in the mailing‐list of ERUS members and working in different urological institutions.
Participating surgeons were invited to answer a multiple‐choice questionnaire including 24‐items evaluating the main RARP surgical steps.
Results
In all, 116 (79.4%) invited surgeons answered the questionnaire and accepted to participate to the ERUS survey.
In all, 47 (40.5%) surgeons performed >100 RARPs; 41 (35.3%) between 50 and 100, and 28 (24.1%) <50 yearly. The transperitoneal, antegrade technique was the preferred approach.
Minimising bladder neck dissection and the use of athermal dissection of the neurovascular bundles (NVBs) were also popular.
There was more heterogeneity in the use of energy for seminal vesicle dissection, the preservation of the tips of the seminal vesicle and the choice between intra‐ and interfascial planes during the antero‐lateral dissection of the NVBs. There was also large variability in the posterior and/or anterior reconstruction steps.
Conclusions
The present study is the first international survey evaluating surgeon preferences during RARP.
Considering that the results were collected before the publication of the Pasadena recommendations, the data might be considered an important baseline evaluation to test the dissemination and effects of the Pasadena recommendations in subsequent years.
Ay allele promotes azoxymethane‐induced colorectal carcinogenesis by macrophage migration in hyperlipidemic/diabetic KK mice
Authors: Ito Kumiko , Ishigamori Rikako , Mutoh Michihiro , Ohta Toshihiro , Imai Toshio , Takahashi Mami 
Published: April 2013

The incidence of colorectal cancer has been increasing and is associated with obesity and diabetes. We have found that type 2 diabetes model KK‐Ay/TaJcl (KK‐Ay) mice develop tumors within a short period after treatment with azoxymethane (AOM). However, factors that contribute to the promotion of carcinogenesis have not been clarified. Therefore, we looked at the genetic background of KK‐Ay, including two genetic characteristics of KK/TaJcl (KK) mice and C57BL/6J‐Ham‐Ay/+ (Ay) mice, compared with other non‐obese and non‐diabetic mouse strains C57BL/6J and ICR, and induced colorectal premalignant lesions, aberrant crypt foci (ACF), and tumors using AOM (150 μg/mouse/week for 4 weeks and 200 μg/mouse/week for 6 weeks, respectively). The mice with a diabetes feature, KK‐Ay and KK, developed significantly more ACF, 67 and 61 per mouse, respectively, whereas ICR, Ay, and C57BL/6J mice developed 42, 24, and 18 ACF/mouse, respectively, at 17 weeks of age. Serum insulin and triglyceride levels in KK‐Ay and KK mice were quite high compared with other non‐diabetic mouse strains. Interestingly, KK‐Ay mice developed more colorectal tumors (2.7 ± 2.3 tumor/mouse) than KK mice (1.2 ± 1.1 tumor/mouse) at 25 weeks of age, in spite of similar diabetic conditions. The colon cancers that developed in both KK‐Ay and KK mice showed similar activation of β‐catenin signaling. However, mRNA levels of inflammatory factors related to the activation of macrophages were significantly higher in colorectal cancer of KK‐Ay mice than in KK. These data indicate that factors such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia observed in obese and diabetic patients could be involved in susceptibility to colorectal carcinogenesis. In addition, increase of tumor‐associated macrophages may play important roles in the stages of promotion of colorectal cancer.
Identifying infants at high‐risk for second‐hand smoke exposure
Authors: Hawkins S. S. , Berkman L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo examine the social determinants of infant smoke exposure and whether these associations vary by mothers' smoking status and number of children in the household.MethodsThere were 135 278 mothers from 28 states who participated in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System from 2000 to 2003.ResultsOverall 9.9% of mothers reported that her infant was in the same room as someone smoking for 1 or more hours per day. Among smoking households, infants with 1 or 2+ siblings were 25% and 59% more likely to be exposed to 1+ hours of second‐hand smoke daily, respectively, than infants with no siblings.ConclusionInfants only a few months old are being exposed to second‐hand smoke, particularly infants whose mother smokes and infants with siblings, indicating the importance of surveillance even for this young age group.
Bilateral Maps for Partial Matching
Authors: van Kaick Oliver , Zhang Hao , Hamarneh Ghassan 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFeature‐driven analysis forms the basis of many shape processing tasks, where detected feature points are characterized by local shape descriptors. Such descriptors have so far been defined to capture regions of interest centred at individual points. Using such regions to compare feature points can be problematic when performing partial shape matching, because the region of interest is typically defined as an isotropic neighbourhood around a point, which does not adapt to the geometry of the shape parts. We introduce the bilateral map, a local shape descriptor whose region of interest is defined by two feature points. Compared to the classical descriptor definition using a single point, the bilateral approach exploits the use of a second point to place more constraints on the selection of the spatial context for feature analysis. This leads to a descriptor where the shape of the region of interest adapts to the context of the two points, making it more refined for shape matching. In particular, we show that our new descriptor is more effective for partial matching, because potentially extraneous regions of the models are selectively ignored owing to the adaptive nature of the bilateral map. This property also renders the bilateral map partially insensitive to topological changes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the bilateral map for partial matching via several correspondence and retrieval experiments and evaluate the results both qualitatively and quantitatively.
Effects of Immediate and Delayed Loading on Peri‐Implant Trabecular Structures: A Cone Beam CT Evaluation
Authors: Huang Yan , Van Dessel Jeroen , Liang Xin , Depypere Maarten , Zhong Weijian , Ma Guowu , Lambrichts Ivo , Maes Frederik , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPurposeTo develop a method for characterizing trabecular bone microarchitecture using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to evaluate trabecular bone changes after rehabilitation using immediate versus delayed implant protocols.Materials and MethodsSix mongrel dogs randomly received 27 titanium implants in the maxillary incisor or mandibular premolar areas, following one of four protocols: (1) normal extraction socket healing; (2) immediate implant placement and immediate loading; (3) delayed implant placement and delayed loading; (4) delayed implant placement and immediate loading. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks, and block biopsies were scanned using high resolution CBCT. Standard bone structural variables were assessed in coronal, middle, and apical levels.ResultsCoronal and middle regions had more compact, more platelike, and thicker trabeculae. Protocols (2), (3), and (4) had significantly higher values (p < 0.001) than protocol (1) for bone surface density, bone surface volume ratio, and connectivity density, while significantly lower values (p < 0.001) were found for trabecular separation and fractal dimension. However, protocols (2), (3), and (4) did not show significantly different bone remodeling.ConclusionsCompared with normal extraction healing, the implant protocols have an improved bone structural integration. Results do not suggest a different bone remodeling pattern when a delayed versus an immediate implant protocol is used.
Sequential healing of open extraction sockets. An experimental study in monkeys
Authors: Scala Alessandro , Lang Niklaus P. , Schweikert Michael T. , de Oliveira José Américo , Rangel‐Garcia Idelmo , Botticelli Daniele 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAimTo describe the sequential healing of open extraction sockets at which no attempts to obtain a primary closure of the coronal access to the alveolus have been made.Material and methodsThe third mandibular premolar was extracted bilaterally in 12 monkeys, and no sutures were applied to close the wound. The healing after 4, 10, 20, 30, 90 and 180 days was morphometrically studied.ResultsAfter 4 days of healing, a blood clot mainly occupied the extraction sockets, with the presence of an inflammatory cells' infiltrate. A void was confined in the central zones of the coronal and middle regions, in continuity with the entrance of the alveoli. At 10 days, the alveolus was occupied by a provisional matrix, with new bone formation lining the socket bony walls. At 20 days, the amount of woven bone was sensibly increasing. At 30 days, the alveolar socket was mainly occupied by mineralized immature bone at different stages of healing. At 90 and 180 days, the amount of mineralized bone decreased and substituted by trabecular bone and bone marrow. Bundle bone decreased from 95.5% at 4 days to 7.6% at 180 days, of the whole length of the inner alveolar surface.ConclusionsModeling processes start from the lateral and apical walls of the alveolus, leading to the closure of the socket with newly formed bone within a month from extraction. Remodeling processes will follow the previous stages, resulting in trabecular and bone marrow formation and in a corticalization of the socket access.
Pseudopapillary pattern in intra‐operative squash smear preparations of central nervous system germinomas
Authors: Ates D. , Kosemehmetoglu K. , Onder S. , Soylemezoglu F. 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundAlthough the morphology of central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumours is very similar to that of gonadal germ cell tumours, some architectural changes may dominate the microscopic appearance of CNS germinomas leading to misdiagnosis at low‐power magnification.MethodsWe report five cases of CNS germinoma demonstrating delicate pseudopapillary fronds on squash smear preparations.ResultsThe age of the patients ranged from 5 to 21 years (mean 14). Three were female and two male. Three patients presented with symptoms of diabetes insipidus, including polydipsia and polyuria, while absence seizures, meaningless speech, hemiparesia, weight loss, insufficient breast development, amenorrhoea and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure were also encountered depending on the location of the tumours. Tumours were located in the hypophysis in two cases and in the suprasellar region in three. During the intra‐operative pathological consultation, evenly distributed pseudopapillary or papillary structures formed the dominant pattern in the squash preparations of all cases. The neoplastic cells were characterized by pale variably vacuolated cytoplasm, pleomorphic nuclei with irregular membranes, and several prominent nucleoli. Variable numbers of small lymphocytes were also found.ConclusionIntracranial germinomas may commonly exhibit a pseudopapillary pattern on squash smears that may cause misdiagnosis as neoplasms with papillary morphology. Careful examination of cellular details is essential in order to reach the correct diagnosis.
Effect of pioglitazone on body composition and bone density in subjects with prediabetes in the ACT NOW trial
Authors: Bray G. A. , Smith S. R. , Banerji M. A. , Tripathy D. , Clement S. C. , Buchanan T. A. , Henry R. R. , Kitabchi A. E. , Mudaliar S. , Musi N. , Ratner R. E. , Schwenke D. C. , Stentz F. B. , Reaven P. D. , DeFronzo R. A. 
Published: April 2013

AimsThis study examined the effects of pioglitazone on body weight and bone mineral density (BMD) prospectively in patients with impaired glucose tolerance as pioglitazone (TZD) increases body weight and body fat in diabetic patients and increases the risk of bone fractures.MethodsA total of 71 men and 163 women aged 49.3 (10.7) years [mean (s.d.)]; body mass index (BMI), 34.5 (5.9) kg/m2 were recruited at five sites for measurements of body composition by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry at baseline and at conversion to diabetes or study end, if they had not converted.ResultsMean follow‐up was 33.6 months in the pioglitazone group and 32.1 months in the placebo group. Body weight increased 4.63 ± 0.60 (m ± s.e.) kg in the pioglitazone group compared to 0.98 ± 0.62 kg in the PIO group (p < 0.0001). Body fat rose 4.89 ± 0.42 kg in the pioglitazone group compared to 1.41 ± 0.44 kg, (p < 0.0001) in placebo‐treated subjects. The increase in fat was greater in legs and trunk than in the arms. BMD was higher in all regions in men and significantly so in most. PIO decreased BMD significantly in the pelvis in men and women, decreased BMD in the thoracic spine and ribs of women and the lumbar spine and legs of men. Bone mineral content also decreased significantly in arms, legs, trunk and in the total body.ConclusionsPioglitazone increased peripheral fat more than truncal fat and decreased BMD in several regions of the body.