bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marital status and its effect on lung cancer survival
Authors: Tannenbaum Stacey L , Zhao Wei , Koru-Sengul Tulay , Miao Feng , Lee David , Byrne Margaret M 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine if marital status, including specific types of single status categories, is associated with length of survival in lung cancer patients.

Methods
Data from the 1996–2007 Florida Cancer Data System were linked with Agency for Health Care Administration data and U.S. Census data. Patients with both small cell and non-small cell lung cancer were identified (n = 161,228). Marital status was characterized by married, widowed, separated/divorced, and never married. We compared median survival time and 1, 3, and 5-year post diagnosis survival rates.

Results
Overall, 54.6% were married, 19.1% were widowed, 13.5% were separated/divorced, and 12.7% had never married. Median survival in months was longest for married (9.9) and widowed (7.7) patients, and shortest for never married (4.9) and separated/divorced (4.1) patients. Five-year survival rates were 14.2% for married, 10.7% for widowed, 8.9% for separated/divorced, and 8.4% for never married. In univariate Cox regression, marital status was a significant predictor of better survival for married (HR = 0.70; p < 0.001) and widowed (HR = 0.81; p < 0.001) patients compared with never married patients, but worse for separated/divorced patients (HR = 1.03; p = 0.003). Multivariate models demonstrated sustained survival benefits for married (HR = 0.86; p < 0.001) and widowed (HR = 0.88; p < 0.001) patients, and detriments for separated/divorced patients (HR = 1.05; p < 0.001) after adjusting for extensive confounders including demographics; tumor stage, grade, and morphology; comorbidities; treatment; and smoking status.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrated that married or widowed lung cancer patients have better survival compared to patients who were never married or separated/divorced. Research to understand the mechanism of this effect, and how the beneficial effect can be extended to those who have never married or have had the marital relationship severed through divorce or separation is needed.
Variability in protocols on donation after circulatory death in Europe
Authors: Wind Jentina , Faut Marloes , van Smaalen Tim C , van Heurn Ernest LW 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Organ donation after circulatory death (DCD) has become an accepted strategy to reduce the shortage of organs for transplantation in many European countries. The use and number of DCD donors varies between countries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the available protocols for DCD in Europe.

Methods
We contacted national transplant societies and responsible transplant co-ordinators in the countries that perform DCD to obtain DCD protocols. We compared information on the protocols and additional data including: inclusion and exclusion criteria for donation, legislation, determination of death and preservation methods.

Results
In ten European countries DCD is performed, eight of which describe the methods in protocols. There are large differences in used DCD categories, legislation and the way death is determined. Protocols differ in the detail in which DCD procedures are described and the way methods are supported by additional consensus statements and ethical frameworks.

Conclusions
Although DCD is an established strategy to enlarge the donor pool and to contribute to the reduction of the waiting list for transplantation, its potential has not been fully utilized yet. To further promote DCD transplantation, it is important to share expertise and obtain consensus, so that this can be translated into more uniform and solid protocols supported by the competent authorities, transplant and intensive care professionals, which may eventually result in a further promotion of DCD transplantation in Europe.
A new zebrafish model produced by TILLING of SOD1-related amyotrophic lateral sclerosis replicates key features of the disease and represents a tool for in vivo therapeutic screening
Authors: Da Costa Marc M. J. , Allen Claire E. , Higginbottom Adrian , Ramesh Tennore , Shaw Pamela J. , McDermott Christopher J. 
Published: October 2013

Summary
Mutations in the superoxide dismutase gene (SOD1) are one cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [ALS; also known as motor neuron disase (MND)] in humans. ALS is a relentlessly progressive neurodegenerative disease and, to date, there are no neuroprotective therapies with significant impact on the disease course. Current transgenic murine models of the disease, which overexpress mutant SOD1, have so far been ineffective in the identification of new therapies beneficial in the human disease. Because the human and the zebrafish (Danio rerio) SOD1 protein share 76% identity, TILLING ('targeting induced local lesions in genomes') was carried out in collaboration with the Sanger Institute in order to identify mutations in the zebrafish sod1 gene. A T70I mutant zebrafish line was characterised using oxidative stress assays, neuromuscular junction analysis and motor function studies. A T70I mutant zebrafish line was characterised using oxidative stress assays, neuromuscular junction (NMJ) analysis and motor function studies. The T70I sod1 zebrafish model offers the advantage over current murine models of expressing the mutant Sod1 protein at a physiological level, as occurs in humans with ALS. The T70I sod1 zebrafish demonstrates key features of ALS; an early NMJ phenotype, a susceptibility to oxidative stress and an adult-onset motor neuron disease phenotype. We have demonstrated that the susceptibility of T70I sod1 embryos to oxidative stress can be used in a drug screening assay, to identify compounds that merit further investigation as potential therapies for ALS.
Transcriptional changes and developmental abnormalities in a zebrafish model of myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Todd Peter K. , Ackall Feras Y. , Hur Junguk , Sharma Kush , Paulson Henry L. , Dowling James J. 
Published: October 2013

Summary
Myotonic dystrophy type I (DM1) is a multi-system, autosomal dominant disorder caused by expansion of a CTG repeat sequence in the 3′UTR of the DMPK gene. The size of the repeat sequence correlates with age at onset and disease severity, with large repeats leading to congenital forms of DM1 associated with hypotonia and intellectual disability. In models of adult DM1, expanded CUG repeats lead to an RNA toxic gain of function, mediated at least in part by sequestering specific RNA splicing proteins, most notably muscleblind-related (MBNL) proteins. However, the impact of CUG RNA repeat expression on early developmental processes is not well understood. To better understand early developmental processes in DM1, we utilized the zebrafish, Danio rerio, as a model system. Direct injection of (CUG)91 repeat-containing mRNA into single-cell embryos induces toxicity in the nervous system and muscle during early development. These effects manifest as abnormal morphology, behavioral abnormalities and broad transcriptional changes, as shown by cDNA microarray analysis. Co-injection of zebrafish mbnl2 RNA suppresses (CUG)91 RNA toxicity and reverses the associated behavioral and transcriptional abnormalities. Taken together, these findings suggest that early expression of exogenously transcribed CUG repeat RNA can disrupt normal muscle and nervous system development and provides a new model for DM1 research that is amenable to small-molecule therapeutic development.
Mechanisms of skeletal muscle aging: insights from Drosophila and mammalian models
Authors: Demontis Fabio , Piccirillo Rosanna , Goldberg Alfred L. , Perrimon Norbert 
Published: October 2013

Summary
A characteristic feature of aged humans and other mammals is the debilitating, progressive loss of skeletal muscle function and mass that is known as sarcopenia. Age-related muscle dysfunction occurs to an even greater extent during the relatively short lifespan of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Studies in model organisms indicate that sarcopenia is driven by a combination of muscle tissue extrinsic and intrinsic factors, and that it fundamentally differs from the rapid atrophy of muscles observed following disuse and fasting. Extrinsic changes in innervation, stem cell function and endocrine regulation of muscle homeostasis contribute to muscle aging. In addition, organelle dysfunction and compromised protein homeostasis are among the primary intrinsic causes. Some of these age-related changes can in turn contribute to the induction of compensatory stress responses that have a protective role during muscle aging. In this Review, we outline how studies in Drosophila and mammalian model organisms can each provide distinct advantages to facilitate the understanding of this complex multifactorial condition and how they can be used to identify suitable therapies.
Oncogenic mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) activate mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)in mice and zebrafish
Authors: Valvezan Alexander J. , Huang Jian , Lengner Christopher J. , Pack Michael , Klein Peter S. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryTruncating mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) are strongly linked to colorectal cancers. APC is a negative regulator of the Wnt pathway and constitutive Wnt activation mediated by enhanced Wnt-β-catenin target gene activation is believed to be the predominant mechanism responsible for Apc mutant phenotypes. However, recent evidence suggests that additional downstream effectors contribute to Apc mutant phenotypes. We previously identified a mechanism in cultured human cells by which APC, acting through glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), suppresses mTORC1, a nutrient sensor that regulates cell growth and proliferation. We hypothesized that truncating Apc mutations should activate mTORC1 in vivo and that mTORC1 plays an important role in Apc mutant phenotypes. We find mTORC1 is strongly activated in apc mutant zebrafish and in intestinal polyps in Apc mutant mice. Furthermore, mTORC1 activation is essential downstream of APC as mTORC1 inhibition partially rescues Apc mutant phenotypes including early lethality, reduced circulation and liver hyperplasia. Importantly, combining mTORC1 and Wnt inhibition rescues defects in morphogenesis of the anterior-posterior axis that are not rescued by inhibition of either pathway alone. These data establish mTORC1 as a crucial, β-catenin independent effector of oncogenic Apc mutations and highlight the importance of mTORC1 regulation by APC during embryonic development. Our findings also suggest a new model of colorectal cancer pathogenesis in which mTORC1 is activated in parallel with Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Improvement in Photovoltaic Performance of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells by Cosensitization with an Organometal Halide Perovskite
Authors: Kakiage Kenji , Kyomen Toru , Hanaya Minoru 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
The possibility of an organometal halide perovskite, CH3NH3PbBr3, was investigated as a cosensitizer to a Ru-complex dye and an alkoxysilylcoumarin dye in dye-sensitized solar cells. The perovskite was found to work as the cosensitizer effectively, and the light-to-electric energy conversion efficiencies of the cells were improved more than 10% by the cosensitization under the present test conditions.
The Warwick Hip Trauma Evaluation One – an abridged protocol for the WHiTE One Study
Authors: Griffin X. L. , McArthur J. , Achten J. , Parsons N. , Costa M. L. 
Published: October 2013

Fractures of the proximal femur are one of the greatest challenges facing the medical community, constituting a heavy socioeconomic burden worldwide. Controversy exists regarding the optimal treatment for patients with unstable trochanteric proximal femoral fractures. The recognised treatment alternatives are extramedullary fixation usually with a sliding hip screw and intramedullary fixation with a cephalomedullary nail. Current evidence suggests that best results and lowest complication rates occur using a sliding hip screw. Complications in these difficult fractures are relatively common regardless of type of treatment. We believe that a novel device, the X-Bolt dynamic plating system, may offer superior fixation over a sliding hip screw with lower reoperation risk and better function. We therefore propose to investigate the clinical effectiveness of the X-bolt dynamic plating system compared with standard sliding hip screw fixation within the framework of a the larger WHiTE (Warwick Hip Trauma Evaluation) Comprehensive Cohort Study. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2013;2:206–9.
Influence of Fiber-Reinforced Polymers on Pile–Soil Interface Strength in Clays
Authors: Giraldo J. , Rayhani M. T. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
A series of direct shear tests were carried out in order to characterize the pile–soil interface strength for various pile materials including steel, concrete, and grout and to investigate the influence of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials on the pile–soil interface strength in soft clay. The study investigated both pile–soil interface friction and interface adhesion by simulating drained and undrained conditions. The results among the traditional pile materials indicated the superior performance of grout and concrete relative to steel. FRP interfaces were shown to perform at a level the same as or higher than that of traditional steel piling under both drained and undrained conditions in clays. The FRP–clay interface friction angles were 5 % to 19 % greater than those in traditional steel–clay interfaces and 12 % to 23 % smaller than that of concrete. In addition, FRP interface adhesion was observed at between 86 % and 135 % of the interface adhesion of steel and between 65 % and 75 % of the interface adhesion of concrete.
Case‐control Study of Semicircular Lipoatrophy, a New Occupational Disease in Office Workers
Authors: Reinoso‐Barbero Luis , González‐Gómez María‐Fernanda , Bélanger‐Quintana Diego , Piñaga‐Solé Montserrat , Fernández Miguel Fernández‐ , Garrido‐Astray Maria Concepcion , Capapé‐Aguilar Ana , Mota‐Olmeda Aranzazu , Díaz‐Garrido Ramón , Gómez‐Gallego Félix , Bandrés‐Moya Fernando , Sanz‐González Javier 
Published: October 2013

Case‐control Study of Semicircular Lipoatrophy, a New Occupational Disease in Office Workers: Luis REINOSO‐BARBERO, et al. Occupational Medicine. Grupo Banco Popular (GBP), Spain—ObjectivesSemicircular lipoatrophy (SL) is an emerging occupational pathology. Its etiology is poorly understood. We intend to establish the probable risk factors and estimate the relative risk.MethodsA case‐control study was performed. Our company had 55 diagnosed cases. As controls, we used the 3 closest healthy coworkers to each case. We calculated the chi square, odds ratio and logistic regression for different exposures, during the 3 years from September 2007 to August 2010.ResultsThere was 100% participation for the cases and 70.9% for the controls (ratio 1 : 2.1 case‐control). The only risk variables found were female gender (p<0.02) and exposure to leaning on the edge of a table (p<0.01). In addition, a breakdown by sex objectifies a much stronger association with leaning on the edge of a table in women (p<0.01) than men (p 0.67).ConclusionsFemale gender and leaning on the edge of a table (repeated microtrauma), especially in women, are risk factors for development of SL. Other variables seem to be confounding factors associated with female gender. There were no SL cases showing statistically significant relations with history of cancer or autoimmune diseases. There was also no significance with regard to wearing jeans. There is therefore a new risk for office staff in addition to the more traditional disorders (musculoskeletal, ocular, and psychosocial). Further studies are necessary to evaluate what we consider an underdiagnosed condition, since there is a large percentage of people that are potentially exposed and we found very little information in the literature on the matter.
Exploring the publications in three major orthodontic journals: A comparative analysis of two 5-year periods
Authors: Baumgartner Stefan , Pandis Nikolaos , Eliades Theodore 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:To analyze the types of articles and authorship characteristics of three orthodontic journals—American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (AJODO), The Angle Orthodontist (AO), and European Journal of Orthodontics (EJO)—published between 2008 and 2012 and to assess the differences in content within this period and an earlier period of 1998 to 2002.Materials and Methods:Each journal's content was accessed through the web edition. From each article, the following parameters were recorded: article type, number of authors, number of affiliations, source of article (referring to the first author's affiliation), and geographic origin. Descriptive statistics were performed and selected parameters were analyzed with the Pearson chi-square or Fisher exact test for independence at the .05 level of significance.Results:Review of differences between the two periods showed that the number of publications was almost double. The percentages of multi-authored articles increased. Fewer studies derived from the United States/Canada and European Union countries. Increases for articles from non–European Union countries, Asia, and other countries were found. Characteristics of the second period showed that the EJO and AO published more research articles, whereas the AJODO regularly published case reports and other articles. Approximately 75% of all studies derived from orthodontic departments.Conclusions:The publications from 1998–2002 and 2008–2012 were significantly different both in terms of numbers and characteristics. Within 2008–2012 there were notable differences between the three journals concerning the type and origin of the publications.
Evaluation of facial attractiveness for patients with malocclusion: A machine-learning technique employing Procrustes
Authors: Yu Xiaonan , Liu Bin , Pei Yuru , Xu Tianmin 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To establish an objective method for evaluating facial attractiveness from a set of orthodontic photographs.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred eight malocclusion patients randomly selected from six universities in China were randomly divided into nine groups, with each group containing an equal number of patients with Class I, II, and III malocclusions. Sixty-nine expert Chinese orthodontists ranked photographs of the patients (frontal, lateral, and frontal smiling photos) before and after orthodontic treatment from “most attractive” to “least attractive” in each group. A weighted mean ranking was then calculated for each patient, based on which a three-point scale was created. Procrustes superimposition was conducted on 101 landmarks identified on the photographs. A support vector regression (SVR) function was set up according to the coordinate values of identified landmarks of each photographic set and its corresponding grading. Its predictive ability was tested for each group in turn.

Results:
The average coincidence rate obtained for comparisons of the subjective ratings with the SVR evaluation was 71.8% according to 18 verification tests.

Conclusions:
Geometric morphometrics combined with SVR may be a prospective method for objective comprehensive evaluation of facial attractiveness in the near future.
Association of Hypoglycemic Treatment Regimens With Cardiovascular Outcomes in Overweight and Obese Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Ghotbi Adam Ali , Køber Lars , Finer Nick , James W. Philip T. , Sharma Arya M. , Caterson Ian , Coutinho Walmir , Van Gaal Luc F. , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Andersson Charlotte 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
To assess the association of hypoglycemic treatment regimens with cardiovascular adverse events and mortality in a large population of type 2 diabetic patients at increased cardiovascular risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This analysis included 8,192 overweight patients with type 2 diabetes from the Sibutramine Cardiovascular Outcomes (SCOUT) trial randomized to lifestyle intervention with or without sibutramine for up to 6 years. Patients were grouped according to hypoglycemic treatment at baseline. The primary end point was the time from randomization to the first occurrence of a primary outcome event (POE), nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, resuscitation after cardiac arrest, or cardiovascular death. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the impact of antiglycemic treatment on POE and all-cause mortality.

RESULTS
Treatments for type 2 diabetes were as follows: diet alone (n = 1,394 subjects), metformin monotherapy (n = 1,631), insulin monotherapy (n = 1,116), sulfonylurea monotherapy (n = 1,083), metformin plus sulfonylurea (n = 1,565), and metformin plus insulin (n = 1,000); 905 subjects experienced a POE and 708 died. Metformin monotherapy was associated with lower risk of POE than insulin (hazard ratio [HR], 0.74; 95% CI, 0.57–0.95; P = 0.02). Diet alone also was associated with lower risk of POE (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48–0.87; P = 0.004). Metformin monotherapy also was associated with lower mortality (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.54–0.99; P &lt; 0.05), whereas no other monotherapies or combination therapies were significantly associated with POE or all-cause mortality compared with insulin as monotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS
In obese patients with type 2 diabetes and high risk of cardiovascular disease, monotherapy with metformin or diet-only treatment was associated with lower risk of cardiovascular events than treatment with insulin.
ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Radomska Edyta , Sadowski Marcin , Kurzawski Jacek , Gierlotka Marek , Poloński Lech 
Published: October 2013

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of type 2 diabetes on the clinical course and prognosis of women with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
A total of 26,035 consecutive patients with STEMI who were hospitalized in 456 hospitals in Poland during 1 year were analyzed. The data were obtained from the Polish Registry of Acute Coronary Syndromes (PL-ACS).

RESULTS
Type 2 diabetes occurred more frequently in women than in men (28 vs. 16.6%; P &lt; 0.0001). The proportion of women was larger among patients with diabetes (47.1 vs. 31.3%; P &lt; 0.0001), and compared with women without diabetes, diabetic women had worse clinical profiles. Women with diabetes were most frequently treated conservatively. Both women and men with diabetes had significantly more advanced atherosclerotic lesions than women without diabetes. Women with diabetes had the highest in-hospital, 6-month, and 1-year mortality rates. Multivariate analysis indicated that type 2 diabetes was a significant independent risk factor for in-hospital and 1-year mortality in women with STEMI. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) was a significant factor associated with the decreased 1-year mortality in women without diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Type 2 diabetes was a significant independent risk factor for in-hospital and 1-year mortality in women with STEMI. Women with diabetes had the poorest early and 1-year prognoses after STEMI when compared with women without diabetes and men with diabetes. Although pPCI improves the long-term prognosis of women with diabetes, it is used less frequently than in women without diabetes or men with diabetes.