bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF AN END-OF-LIFE CORE MEDICINES LIST FOR COMMUNITY PATIENTS
Authors: Tait P A , Cortis L , Morris B 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundTimely access to medicines within the community is important for palliative patients where their preferred place of care is the home environment. This is particularly relevant in the terminal phase of a palliative illness. Commonly encountered symptoms in the terminal phase include: pain, dyspnoea, restlessness, noisy breathing and nausea. While existing national guidelines influence the management of symptoms for palliative patients, the range of medicines usually needed within the community setting to treat noncomplex terminal phase symptoms is less than required in a tertiary inpatient palliative care unit.AimTo (1) Analyse a variety of palliative resources to identify the pharmacological management of common symptoms in the terminal phase; and (2) Create an end-of-life Core Medicines List that guides consistent prescribing for noncomplex community palliative patients in the terminal phase.MethodsSeven stakeholders representing all consultant-led palliative services in South Australia discussed the management of five common symptoms observed in the terminal phase of a palliative illness. The selection of the core medicines took into consideration cost, availability in the doctor's bag, access to government subsidies (eg, PBS) and drug properties.ResultsThe five end-of-life core medicines selected for noncomplex community patients are:Clonazepam 1 mg injection;Haloperidol 5 mg/ml injection;Hyoscine butylbromide 20 mg/ml injection;Metoclopramide 10 mg/2 ml injection; andMorphine 10 mg/ml injectionDiscussionThere is some overlap in the symptoms which these medicines control, thus allowing some options despite the restricted list.ConclusionA concise end-of-life core medicines list of five medicines has been developed to guide prescribing by community clinicians.
NORMALISING ACP IN THE HOSPITAL- THE ROLE OF STANDARDS
Authors: Dunbar N 
Published: April 2013

Programmes such as Respecting Choices in the USA and Respecting Patient Choices in Australia have been developed to address the need for improved advance care planning. Numerous guidelines, policies and pieces of legislation exist to provide guidance on requirements for developing and documenting advance care plans. However the problem of sub-optimal advance care planning in hospitals persists.Problems have been identified in having ‘difficult’ conversations, documenting decisions made, the accessibility of advance care directives and applying advance care directives in practice.One of the approaches that can support better use of advance care plans in hospitals is the use of standards and accreditation processes. In Australia, new National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards include items regarding the need for systems to receive or prepare advance care plans in partnership with patients and families, and to document these in the clinical record.These National Safety and Quality Health Service Standards provide explicit statements of the expected level of safety and quality of care to be delivered to patients. The Standards are mandatory and hospitals need to be assessed against them from January 2013.The Standards provide an opportunity to embed systems that support effective advanced care planning in practice through a system-wide approach to quality improvement. These high-level standards complement the more detailed policy and educational programmes that already exist, and provide a focus for efforts to improve the safety and quality of end of life care for patients in hospitals.
Phase I Study of U3-1287, a Fully Human Anti-HER3 Monoclonal Antibody, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: LoRusso Patricia , Jänne Pasi A. , Oliveira Moacyr , Rizvi Naiyer , Malburg Lisa , Keedy Vicki , Yee Lorrin , Copigneaux Catherine , Hettmann Thore , Wu Chi-Yuan , Ang Agnes , Halim Abdel-Baset , Beckman Robert A. , Beaupre Darrin , Berlin Jordan 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Purpose: HER3 is a key dimerization partner for other HER family members, and its expression is associated with poor prognosis. This first-in-human study of U3-1287 (NCT00730470), a fully human anti-HER3 monoclonal antibody, evaluated its safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics in patients with advanced solid tumor.
Experimental Design: The study was conducted in 2 parts: part 1—sequential cohorts received escalating doses (0.3–20 mg/kg) of U3-1287 every 2 weeks, starting 3 weeks after the first dose; part 2—additional patients received 9, 14, or 20 mg/kg U3-1287 every 2 weeks, based on observed tolerability and pharmacokinetics from part 1. Recommended phase II dose, adverse event rates, pharmacokinetics, and tumor response were determined.
Results: Fifty-seven patients (part 1: 26; part 2: 31) received U3-1287. As no dose-limiting toxicities were reported, the maximum-tolerated dose was not reached. The maximum-administered dose was 20 mg/kg every 2 weeks. The most frequent adverse events related to U3-1287 were fatigue (21.1%), diarrhea (12.3%), nausea (10.5%), decreased appetite (7.0%), and dysgeusia (5.3%). No patient developed anti-U3-1287 antibodies. In these heavily pretreated patients, stable disease was maintained 9 weeks or more in 19.2% in part 1 and 10 weeks or more in 25.8% in part 2.
Conclusion: U3-1287 treatment was well tolerated, and some evidence of disease stabilization was observed. Pharmacokinetic data support U3-1287 dosing of 9 to 20 mg/kg every 2 to 3 weeks. Combination studies of U3-1287 are ongoing. Clin Cancer Res; 19(11); 3078–87. ©2013 AACR.
Hyperglycemia Exacerbates Intracerebral Hemorrhage via the Downregulation of Aquaporin-4
Authors: Chiu Cheng-Di , Chen Chiao-Chi V. , Shen Chiung-Chyi , Chin Li-Te , Ma Hsin-I , Chuang Hao-Yu , Cho Der-Yang , Chu Chi-Hong , Chang Chen 
Published: April 2013

Background and Purpose—
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with high mortality and neurological deficits, and concurrent hyperglycemia usually worsens clinical outcomes. Aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) is important in cerebral water movement. Our aim was to investigate the role of AQP-4 in hyperglycemic ICH.

Methods—
Hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ; 60 mg/kg) in adult Sprague–Dawley male rats. ICH was induced by stereotaxic infusion of collagenase/heparin into the right striatum. One set of rats was repeatedly monitored by MRI at 1, 4, and 7 days after ICH induction so as to acquire information on the formation of hematoma and edema. Another set of rats was killed and brains were examined for differences in the degree of hemorrhage and edema, water content, blood–brain barrier destruction, and AQP-4 expression.

Results—
Hyperglycemia ICH rats exhibited increased brain water content, more severe blood–brain barrier destruction, and greater vasogenic edema as seen on diffusion-weighted MRI. Significant downregulation of AQP-4 was observed in STZ-treated rats after ICH as compared with non–STZ-treated rats. Apoptosis was greater on day 1 after ICH in STZ-treated rats.

Conclusions—
The expression of AQP-4 in the brain is downregulated in hyperglycemic rats as compared with normoglycemic rats after ICH. This change is accompanied by increased vasogenic brain edema and more severe blood–brain barrier destruction.
Dispute Settlement in ASEAN
Authors: Woon Walter 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The ASEAN Charter entered into force on 15 December 2008. The Charter marks a significant milestone in ASEAN’s evolution, creating a legal foundation for the organisation. ASEAN’s professed aim is to become a rules-based organisation rather than just a conglomeration of nation states sharing only geographical proximity. The key to this ambition is the creation of mechanisms for the settlement of disputes and disagreements amongst the member states.
There have been three major disputes between ASEAN member states that have proceeded to adjudication by the International Court of Justice: the Ligitan/Sipadan case between Indonesia and Malaysia, the Pedra Branca case between Malaysia and Singapore and the Preah Vihear case between Cambodia and Thailand. The Preah Vihear dispute flared up after the entry into force of the Charter. The way this was handled sheds an interesting light on the way that ASEAN deals with disputes.
Standardization of the MARISTÁN scale to measure needs in people with schizophrenia and related psychoses
Authors: Saldivia Sandra , Torres-González Francisco , Runte-Geidel Ariadne , Grandon Pamela , Xavier Miguel , Killaspy Helen , Ballester Dinarte , Antonioli Claudio , Melipillan Roberto , Galende Emiliano , Caldas Jose Miguel , King Michael 
Published: April 2013

Objective: Existing measures of needs in severe mental illness have been developed mainly from professionals’ viewpoints and are Eurocentric. Our aim was to standardize a measure of the needs of people with schizophrenia across several cultures and based on users’ own viewpoints. Method: An instrument to measure needs, based on qualitative data on users’, carers’ and professionals’ views, was tested in 164 people with schizophrenia or related psychoses in six countries. Participants underwent face-to-face interviews, one third of which were repeated 30 days later. Principal axis factoring and Promax rotation evaluated scale structure; Horn’s parallel combined with bootstrapping determined the number of factors; and intra-class correlation assessed test-retest reliability. Results: The instrument contained four factors: (1) health needs; (2) work and leisure needs; (3) existential needs; and (4) needs for support in daily living. Cronbach’s α for internal consistency was 0.81, 0.81, 0.77 and 0.76 for factors 1–4 and 0.81 for the scale as a whole. Correlation between factors was of moderate range for the first three factors (0.41–0.50) and low for the fourth factor (0.14–0.29). Intra-class correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.74 (0.64–0.82) for the whole scale. Mean item score on needs for support in daily living was lower than for the other factors. Conclusions: The MARISTÁN Scale of Needs evaluates needs from the patient perspective and it is a valid instrument to measure the needs of people with severe mental illness across cultures.
Evaluation of the growth pattern of carcinoma of colon and rectum by MDCT
Authors: Choi Seung Joon , Kim Hyung-Sik , Ahn Su-Joa , Jeong Yu Mi , Choi Hye-Young 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundColorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. Knowledge of colorectal cancer tumor growth is of importance for basic understanding of tumor biology and for the clinical handling of the disease.PurposeTo conduct a retrospective evaluation of the growth pattern of colorectal cancer by multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).Material and MethodsPathologically proven adenocarcinomas of the colon and rectum in 44 patients were examined by MDCT on at least two separate occasions with an interval of >1 month in patients not receiving therapy. Maximal longitudinal diameters, wall thicknesses, and volume changes, as determined by serial CT scans, were used in calculation of growth rates.ResultsMean longitudinal diameters of tumors at initial and follow-up investigations were 3.8 cm (1.0–9.1 cm) and 5.4 cm (2.5–12.2 cm), respectively. The mean growth rate of longitudinal tumor diameter was 3.4 cm/year (0–13.8 cm/year). Mean axial wall thicknesses at initial and follow-up investigations were 1.4 cm (0.6–6.6 cm) and 1.9 cm (0.8–6.8 cm), respectively. Mean growth rate of tumor axial wall thickness was 1.0 cm/year (0–3.1 cm/year). Mean tumor volumes at initial and follow-up investigations were 1975 cm3(172–9756 cm3; median, 1490) and 3545 cm3(442–15211 cm3; median, 2846), respectively. Mean growth rate of tumor volume was 2912 cm3/year (216–12548 cm3/year; median, 1698), and volume doubling times varied from 0.05 to 7.1 years (mean, 1.2; median, 0.7). Significant correlations were observed between initial wall thickness and volume growth rate ( p = 0.004). No significant difference was observed between other initial tumor size and growth rate.ConclusionThe tumor growth doubling time of colorectal cancer has a very broad aspect. The initial wall thickness of the tumor on MDCT appears to be the most powerful parameter showing correlation with the volume growth rate.
Clinical and radiological features of invasive Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess syndrome
Authors: Shin Sung Ui , Park Chang Min , Lee Youkyung , Kim Eui-Chong , Kim Soo Jin , Goo Jin Mo 
Published: April 2013

Background Recently, a striking new clinical manifestation of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) infection referred to as invasive KP liver abscess syndrome (IKPLAS), defined by liver abscess with contemporaneous metastatic KP infections at other body sites has been documented. Until now, however, there have been relatively few reports regarding its radiologic features. Purpose To describe the clinical and radiological features of IKPLAS patients, and to compare them with those with KP liver abscess without metastatic infections to ascertain possible predictors of IKPLAS. Material and Methods From January 2008 to May 2010, 35 patients (26 men and 9 women; mean age, 59.4 years) with both liver abscess and metastatic KP infections were diagnosed with IKPLAS. Their clinical and radiological features were retrospectively evaluated and compared with those of 25 contemporaneous non-metastatic patients to investigate predictive factors for metastatic infections. Results The rate of intensive care unit admissions and overall mortality was 34.3% and 17.1% in IKPLAS patients, and was significantly higher than those of the non-metastatic group (8% and 0%, respectively). As for metastatic infections, the lung was the most common site and multiple nodules or masses ( n = 9) were the most common manifestations. Univariate analysis revealed that liver abscess ≤5.8 cm, bilobar involvement of abscess and altered mentality were significantly related with IKPLAS. At multivariate analysis, liver abscess ≤5.8 cm was proven to be a significant independent predictor of IKPLAS (OR, 3.6; P = 0.038). In addition, altered mentality was present solely in IKPLAS (25.7% vs. 0%) although its P value ( P = 0.052) did not reach a statistical significance at multivariate analysis. Conclusion IKPLAS has significantly worse prognosis than non-metastatic KP abscess patients. In patients with KP liver abscess, liver abscess ≤5.8 cm can be used as an independent predictor of IKPLAS and altered mentality as a very specific feature in diagnosing IKPLAS.
An Analysis of Cycles in Skirt Lengths and Widths in the UK and Germany, 1954-1990
Authors: Curran Louise 
Published: April 2013

The purpose of this study was to further understanding of the development of clothing fashions in Europe by investigating fashion cycles in two European countries, whether clothing dimensions show greater within-year variety over time, and whether differences can be observed between the dimensions of clothing fashionable in two different markets. Skirt length and skirt width data from mail-order catalogs in the UK and Germany were analyzed over the time period 1954-1990. The data suggest that for skirt lengths, both countries exhibit cyclical movements as well as increases in the within-year variability over the time period studied. Results for skirt width were less conclusive in terms of cyclical movement, although these figures did exhibit a high level of within-year variability. The data also indicated a high level of similarity in skirt length dimensions between the UK and German catalogs, although skirt width dimensions were found to vary quite extensively.
Copy number variants in locally raised Chinese chicken genomes determined using array comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Tian Ming , Wang Yanqiang , Gu Xiaorong , Feng Chungang , Fang Suyun , Hu Xiaoxiang , Li Ning 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Copy number variants contribute to genetic variation in birds. Analyses of copy number variants in chicken breeds had focused primarily on those from commercial varieties with nothing known about the occurrence and diversity of copy number variants in locally raised Chinese chicken breeds. To address this deficiency, we characterized copy number variants in 11 chicken breeds and compared the variation among these breeds.

Results
We presented a detailed analysis of the copy number variants in locally raised Chinese chicken breeds identified using a customized comparative genomic hybridization array. We identified 833 copy number variants contained within 308 copy number variant regions. The median and mean sizes of the copy number variant regions were 14.6 kb and 35.1 kb, respectively. Of the copy number variant regions, 138 (45%) involved gain of DNA, 159 (52%) involved loss of DNA, and 11 (3%) involved both gain and loss of DNA. Principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering revealed the close relatedness of the four locally raised chicken breeds, Shek-Ki, Langshan, Qingyuan partridge, and Wenchang. Biological process enrichment analysis of the copy number variant regions confirmed the greater variation among the four aforementioned varieties than among the seven other breeds studied.

Conclusion
Our description of the distribution of the copy number variants and comparison of the differences among the copy number variant regions of the 11 chicken breeds supplemented the information available concerning the copy number variants of other Chinese chicken breeds. In addition to its relevance for functional analysis, our results provided the first insight into how chicken breeds can be clustered on the basis of their genomic copy number variation.
Gene therapy for cardiovascular disease mediated by ultrasound and microbubbles
Authors: Chen Zhi-Yi , Lin Yan , Yang Feng , Jiang Lan , Ge Shu ping 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Gene therapy provides an efficient approach for treatment of cardiovascular disease. To realize the therapeutic effect, both efficient delivery to the target cells and sustained expression of transgenes are required. Ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technique has become a potential strategy for target-specific gene and drug delivery. When gene-loaded microbubble is injected, the ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction may spew the transported gene to the targeted cells or organ. Meanwhile, high amplitude oscillations of microbubbles increase the permeability of capillary and cell membrane, facilitating uptake of the released gene into tissue and cell. Therefore, efficiency of gene therapy can be significantly improved. To date, UTMD has been successfully investigated in many diseases, and it has achieved outstanding progress in the last two decades. Herein, we discuss the current status of gene therapy of cardiovascular diseases, and reviewed the progress of the delivery of genes to cardiovascular system by UTMD.
Gemcitabine-loaded albumin nanospheres (GEM-ANPs) inhibit PANC-1 cells in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Li Ji , Di Yang , Jin Chen , Fu Deliang , Yang Feng , Jiang Yongjian , Yao Lie , Hao Sijie , Wang Xiaoyi , Subedi Sabin , Ni Quanxing 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
With the development of nanotechnology, special attention has been given to the nanomaterial application in tumor treatment. Here, a modified desolvation-cross-linking method was successfully applied to fabricate gemcitabine-loaded albumin nanospheres (GEM-ANPs), with 110 and 406 nm of mean diameter, respectively. The aim of this study was to assess the drug distribution, side effects, and antitumor activity of GEM-ANPs in vivo. The metabolic viability and flow cytometry analysis revealed that both GEM-ANPs, especially 406-nm GEM-ANPs, could effectively inhibit the metabolism and proliferation and promote the apoptosis of human pancreatic carcinoma (PANC-1) in vitro. Intravenous injection of 406-nm GEM-ANPs exhibited a significant increase of gemcitabine in the pancreas, liver, and spleen of Sprague–Dawley rats (p < 0.05). Moreover, no signs of toxic side effects analyzed by blood parameter changes were observed after 3 weeks of administration although a high dose (200 mg/kg) of GEM-ANPs were used. Additionally, in PANC-1-induced tumor mice, intravenous injection of 406-nm GEM-ANPs also could effectively reduce the tumor volume by comparison with free gemcitabine. With these findings, albumin nanosphere-loading approach might be efficacious to improve the antitumor activity of gemcitabine, and the efficacy is associated with the size of GEM-ANPs.
Random access transport capacity of multihop AF relaying: a throughput-reliability tradeoff
Authors: Lee Jaeyoung , Kim Sung-il , Kim Saejoon , Heo Jun 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
To determine the capacity of distributed wireless networks (i.e., ad hoc networks), the random access transport capacity was proposed as the average maximum rate of successful end-to-end transmission in the distance. In this article, we consider the random access transport capacity for multihop relaying to find the end-to-end throughput of a wireless ad hoc network, where each node relays the signal using an amplify-and-forward (AF) strategy. In particular, we analyze the exact outage probability for multihop AF relaying in the presence of both co-channel interference and thermal noise, where interferers are spatially distributed following a Poisson distribution. In our numerical results, it is observed that the maximum random access transport capacity is achieved at a specific spatial density of transmitting nodes due to the throughput-reliability tradeoff as the number of transmitting nodes (=interferers) increases. We compute the optimal spatial density of transmitting nodes that maximize their random access transport capacity. As a result, we can obtain the actual random access transport capacity of multihop AF relaying and predict the maximum number of transmitting nodes per unit area to maximize their performance.
Opportunities to investigate the effects of ivermectin mass drug administration on scabies
Authors: Engelman Daniel , Martin Diana L , Hay Roderick J , Chosidow Olivier , McCarthy James S , Fuller L Claire , Steer Andrew C 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
The recent article by Mohammed et al. demonstrates an impressive effect of ivermectin mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis on the burden of scabies. Partnering scabies research within the evaluation and monitoring of Neglected Tropical Disease programmes could potentially increase our understanding of the epidemiology and control of scabies and its important bacterial complications.