bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of a conceptual framework on Influencer Marketing based on a literature review
Authors: Gavilanes Gómez Nicolas 
Published: June 2024

A result of the research project "Innovative Strategies in Influencer Marketing: Development and Application to Drive Business Competitiveness" is presented. It responds to a framework of essential concepts and principles on influencer marketing, based on the review and analysis of academic works; the main objective is to create a comprehensive conceptual framework that provides guidance on objectives, strategies, performance metrics and best practices in the field. A mixed type of research was carried out, where the sample was theses and scientific papers related to the topic, literature review and bibliographic analysis were used as a technique, the instrument was the bibliographic record for data collection that allowed the creation of a conceptual framework. The conclusion of this study allows us to establish a solid conceptual framework for influencer marketing, providing a guide that will lead us to meet the general objective.
Carbon Isotope Chemistry in Protoplanetary Disks: Effects of C/O Ratios
Authors: Lee Seokho , Nomura Hideko , Furuya Kenji 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Carbon isotope fractionation of CO has been reported in the disk around TW Hya, where elemental carbon is more abundant than elemental oxygen ([C/O]elem > 1). We investigated the effects of the [C/O]elem ratio on carbon fractionation using astrochemical models that incorporate isotope-selective photodissociation and isotope exchange reactions. The 12CO/13CO ratio could be lower than the elemental carbon isotope ratio due to isotope exchange reactions when the [C/O]elem ratio exceeds unity. The observed 12CO/13CO and H12CN/H13CN ratios around TW Hya could be reproduced when the [C/O]elem ratio is 2–5. In the vicinity of the lower boundary of the warm molecular layer, the formation of ices leads to the gas-phase [C/O]elem ratio approaching unity, irrespective of the total (gas + ice) [C/O]elem ratio. This phenomenon reduces the variation in the 12CO/13CO ratio across different [C/O]elem ratios.
Very Long Baseline Array Observations of Parsec-scale Radio Emission in Dual Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Xu Wancheng , Cui Lang , Liu Xiang , An Tao , Cao Hongmin , Jiang Pengfei , Ho Luis C. , Chang Ning , Yang Xiaolong , Shen Yuling , Tan Guiping , Han Zhenhua , Fan Junhui , Zhang Ming 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
It is believed that dual active galactic nuclei (AGN) form during galaxy mergers. Studying dual-AGN emission can provide valuable insights into galaxy merging and evolution. To investigate parsec-scale radio emission properties, we observed eight radio components of four selected dual-AGN systems using the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 5 GHz in multiple-phase-center mode. Among them, two compact radio components, labeled J0051+0020B and J2300-0005A, were detected clearly on parsec scales for the first time. However, the radio emission of the other six components was resolved out in the high-resolution images. We provide the values or upper limits of the brightness temperature and radio emission power, and analyze the emission origins in detail for each target. Based on their physical properties reported in this work and in the literature, we suggest that the radio emission in J0051+0020B and J2300-0005A originates primarily from compact jets, while the other six sources show more complex emission mechanisms. In addition, our VLBA observations suggest that the systematic X-ray deficit in our dual-AGN sample is likely attributed to the tidally induced effect and possibly a viewing angle effect.
Recurrent Nova V2487 Oph Had Superflares in 1941 and 1942 with Radiant Energies of 1042.5±1.6 erg
Authors: Schaefer Bradley E. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
V2487 Ophiuchi (V2487 Oph) is a recurrent nova with classical nova eruptions in 1900 and 1998, and it is also the most extreme known superflare star. These superflares are roughly hour-long flares with amplitudes and optical energies reaching up to 1.10 mag and 1039.21 erg, respectively, with the superflares recurring once a day. The V2487 Oph superflares are certainly operating with the same mechanism as all the other types of superflare stars, where magnetic loops are twisted and stretched until reconnection occurs, whereupon ambient electrons are accelerated to relativistic energies and then emit bremsstrahlung radiation from X-ray to radio. V2487 Oph is unique among known superflare stars in that one of the loop footprints is in an accretion disk. This exact mechanism was theoretically predicted by M. R. Hayashi and colleagues in 1996. Now, I have found two superflares recorded on Harvard archival photographs from 1941 and 1942. These two superflares have B-magnitude amplitudes of >1.83 and >2.00 mag and total radiated energies of 1042.4 and 1042.5 erg, respectively, with bolometric corrections. Each has emitted energies of ∼30 billion Carringtons, in units of the most energetic solar flare. Further, I find superflares in Zwicky Transient Factory light curves, so V2487 Oph has been superflaring from 1941 to 2023. For the observed number distribution of dN/dE = 4E
−2 superflares per year, for E in units of 1041 erg, the emitted energy in superflare light is 1042.1 erg in each year, or 1044.1 erg from 1941 to 2023.
ALMaSS Landscape and Farming Simulation: software classes and methods
Authors: Topping Christopher John , Duan Xiaodong 
Published: June 2024

This article describes the landscape model for the Animal Landscape and Man Simulation System (ALMaSS). The article itself provides an overall description of the software classes and functions, with examples of use. In addition, there are links for code access, executable directory and code documentation for the model. These provide access to model details.
The descriptions cover the landscape class, its internal data, and the class hierarchy primarily associated with the landscape simulation. They also cover the timing and scheduling of actions and provide an overview of the landscape class interface. The Farm and Farm Manager classes responsible for simulating farming activities are presented together with descriptions of crop classes for crop management and weather and calendar classes.
Pelvic Tilt in Adults With Cerebral Palsy and Its Relationship With Prior Hamstrings Lengthening
Authors: Cirrincione Peter M. , Nichols Erikson T. , Zucker Colson P. , Chandran Vishnu , Zanini Silvia , Jezequel Jennifer , Assip Bridget , Backus Sherry I. , Doyle Shevaun M. , Scher David , Selber Paulo 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Current studies assessing the change in pelvic tilt for ambulatory patients with cerebral palsy (CP) after surgical hamstring lengthening (SHL) lack a comparison cohort without prior SHL and are limited to younger patients. This study presents gait data of middle-aged adults with CP, primarily focusing on the pelvis, and compares pelvic tilt, trunk tilt, and knee flexion between those with and without prior SHL.

Materials and Methods:
A consecutive series of 54 adults with CP, a mean age of 36±13 years, and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels I–III were included. Thirty-two (59%) had SHL performed at a mean age of 8±5 years. Three-dimensional gait analysis data prospectively collected at a mean of 28±14 years postoperatively were retrospectively analyzed. Chi-square tests were used to compare demographic and surgical history data and statistical parameter mapping was used to compare knee flexion during stance and pelvic and trunk tilts during the gait cycle between SHL and SHL-naive groups.

Results:

Age, GMFCS level, sex, race, topography, and ethnicity were not different between the groups (
P
=.217–.612). Anterior pelvic tilt throughout gait was significantly greater in the SHL group compared with the SHL-naive group (63%–87%;
P
=.033). This difference was augmented after accounting for other surgical history and revision SHL (0%–32%,
P
=.019; and 46%–93%,
P
=.007).

Conclusion:

Within a cohort of adults with CP, GMFCS levels I–III, and a mean age of 36 years, those with a history of SHL, performed a mean of 28 years prior to 3-dimensional gait analysis, walked with increased anterior pelvic tilt compared with those without a history of SHL. [
Orthopedics
. 2024;47(5):270–275.]
Procedural sedation and analgesia by Italian emergency physicians: a retrospective observational pilot study
Authors: Lorenzati Bartolomeo , Abram Sara , Giamello Jacopo Davide , Bruno Alice , Gambardella Luigi , Lison Davide , D'Agnano Salvatore , Martini Gianpiero , Sciolla Andrea , Lauria Giuseppe 
Published: June 2024

Procedural Sedation and Analgesia (PSA) is a routine practice in Emergency Departments (EDs) but few data exist in the setting of Italian ED. Thus, this study aimed to describe for the first time an Italian experience of PSA in the ED, defining usual indications, types of drug used, efficacy, and safety. We retrospectively collected consecutive adult patients undergoing PSA in the ED of the Santa Croce e Carle Hospital in Cuneo, Italy, over 6 years; we enrolled all patients who received at least one of the four drugs used for PSA (midazolam, propofol, ketamine, and fentanyl). 384 patients (62.2% male; median age 61 [42;76] years) were included in the study. Two hundred and six PSA (53.7%) were done for orthopedic maneuvers, 103 (26%) for electrical cardioversions (ECV), and 75 (19.5%) for other unpleasant medical procedures. A single drug was used in 132 cases (34.3%), while in 252 (65.7%) an association of at least two drugs was used; 239 patients (62.2%) were ASA class I, 144 (37.5%) were ASA class II and one patient was ASA class III. Three patients (0.8%) experienced PSA failure. Minor adverse events occurred during 16 procedures (4%), while no major adverse events, rescue intubation, or need for escalation of care were registered. PSA is currently used in Italian EDs and it is safe when performed by EPs for patients in ASA class I and II. An Italian prospective PSA register is to be created.
Dyslipidemia, body mass index, and blood glucose levels in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction
Authors: Babber Meenu , Sharma Reena , Singh Brijesh , Yadav Vandana , Ranjan Ravi 
Published: June 2024

Background
Systemic dyslipidemia, obesity, and elevated blood sugars may theoretically affect the meibomian lipid composition and therefore, can cause meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the association of serum lipid levels, body mass index (BMI), and serum blood glucose (BG) levels in patients with MGD compared with healthy controls.

Patients and methods
This is a comparative observational case-control study that enrolled 40 MGD patients (cases) and 40 controls. One eye of each participant was included in the study. After a detailed history, ocular examination was done by slit lamp biomicroscopy to grade/stage the MGD. The BMI, serum fasting total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides, and BG levels were measured.

Results
The mean age of the cases was 46.75±10.93 years compared with 45.55±10.62 years in controls (P=0.620). Patients with MGD showed significantly higher serum fasting cholesterol (188.62±62.24 mg/dl),;Deg;BM;Deg;I (24.45±1.75 kg/m2), and fasting BG (110.35±32.30 mg/dl) compared with the controls (159.60±20.19 mg/dl, 23.45±1.35 kg/m2, and 98.43±27.69 mg/dl, respectively, P=0.022, 0.005, and 0.030, respectively). With increasing severity of MGD, the fasting serum cholesterol increased significantly from 136.73±24.88 mg/dl in grade 1 to 285.20±85.99 mg/dl in grade 4 (P<0.001) and the fasting serum LDL levels increased from 72.64±20.33 mg/dl in grade 1 to 202.60±95.66 mg/dl in grade 4 (P<0.001). In addition, the fasting serum triglycerides increased significantly as the severity of MGD increased from grade I (96.00±22.56 mg/dl) to grade III (227.09±83.44 mg/dl), (P<0.001). However, The fasting HDL and BG values did not increase significantly with increasing severity of the MGD (P=0.135 and 0.181, respectively).

Conclusion
There is importance for screening for dyslipidemia, BMI, and BG levels in MGD cases.
Characteristics of Bilateral Adrenal Lesions: Experience from an Indian Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Niranjan Gauri , Prasad Pallavi , Gupta Neelima , Agrawal Vinita , Mishra Anjali , Jain Neeraj , Kapoor Vishwas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
The aetiologies in unilateral and bilateral adrenal lesions can be different with different clinical implications and management guidelines, the latter having aetiologies like hyperplasia, infections, infiltrative lesions and neoplasia. Bilateral tumours are more likely to have hereditary/syndromic associations. There is limited data on the clinical and pathological profile of bilateral adrenal lesions.

Methods:
This was a retrospective study where patients with bilateral adrenal lesions were selected from a total of 266 patients with adrenal lesions who presented to our institute between January 2016 and August 2022. The demographic, laboratory and imaging data were retrieved from the Hospital Information System and patient case files.

Results:
The study included 51 patients; the mean age at presentation was 51.15 years (range 14 to 82 years). Forty-eight patients (94.1%) were symptomatic at presentation with an average duration of symptoms being 10.68 months (range 10 days to 1 year). The most common presentation was adrenal insufficiency in 18 cases (38%), followed by fever in 17 cases (36%). The commonest aetiology, as revealed on histopathology, was histoplasmosis (n = 22, 43%), followed by pheochromocytoma (n = 11, 21.5%), metastases (n = 6, 11.7%), adrenal hyperplasia (n = 5, 9.8%), adrenocortical adenoma (n = 1, 1.9%), lymphoma (n = 3, 5.8%), neuroblastoma (n = 1, 1.9%), myelolipoma (n = 1, 1.9%) and tuberculosis (n = 1, 1.9%). Histoplasmosis and metastatic lesions were commonly seen in older people, and pheochromocytoma was associated with young age. 6/11 patients with a diagnosis of bilateral pheochromocytoma were associated with family history, genetic mutation and extra-adrenal involvement.

Conclusion:
The approach to bilateral adrenal lesions differs from that of unilateral lesions due to differences in aetiologies and the more significant role of genetics in some bilateral tumours. The age at presentation, presenting symptoms, lesion size and biochemical features help delineate varied underlying aetiologies.
Diagnostic Modalities, Management Considerations, and Outcomes of Insulinoma: A Case Series from a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Shetty Anirudh J. , Das Liza , Jayant Satyam S. , Bhadada Sanjay K. , Kumar Rajender , Gulati Ajay , Rana Surinder S. , Singh Harmandeep , Saikia Uma N. , Behera Arunanshu , Mittal Bhagwant R. , Walia Rama , Dutta Pinaki 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Insulinomas are rare, usually sporadic, and typically benign pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. Pre-operative localization is challenging and evidence on comparative analysis of anatomic and scintigraphic modalities for pre-operative tumour localization is limited, even in contemporary series.

Methods:
The current study was designed to study the clinical features and management challenges of insulinomas managed at a tertiary care centre. Clinical features, diagnosis, imaging techniques, surgical procedures, and outcomes details were collated. Pre-operative imaging techniques (CT/MRI, nuclear scintigraphy) were compared with intraoperative and histopathological findings to assess their accuracy of localization.

Results:
Thirty-seven patients (15 females [42%]; median age 36 years [IQR 28–49]) were included in the study. In four patients (10.8%), the tumour occurred in the setting of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) while the remaining were sporadic. The sensitivity of pre-operative localization was 61.5% (multiphasic CT), 66.6% (multiphasic MRI), 100% (68Ga Exendin-4 PET-CT), and 91.6% (EUS). Three patients with normal multiphasic CT had localization on 68Ga Exendin-4 PET-CT. The positive predictive value (PPV) of both Exendin-PET-CT and EUS was similar at 91.6% and 91.6%, respectively. All patients (except one with nesidioblastosis), who underwent enucleation or partial pancreatic resection, were cured.

Conclusion:
68Ga Exendin-4 PET-CT based is a non-invasive imaging modality that has high sensitivity and PPV and can be used as a first-line imaging modality. The overall prognosis of these tumours is good with high cure rates attained following surgical resection.
Anterior and Posterior Pituitary Function in Patients with Sheehan Syndrome – Combining the use of Insulin Tolerance Test and Copeptin Assay
Authors: Laway Bashir A. , Bansiwal Sailesh K. , Baba Mohammad S. , Shah Zafar A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Sheehan syndrome (SS) typically involves the loss of anterior pituitary cells and rarely affects the posterior pituitary. The water deprivation test (WDT) is the gold standard for diagnosing central diabetes insipidus (CDI), but it is cumbersome. Serum copeptin measurements are an alternative for CDI diagnosis. In this study, we measured hypoglycaemia-stimulated serum copeptin in SS patients to assess posterior pituitary function alongside anterior pituitary hormone levels.

Methods:
This study recruited 43 patients with SS on stable hormonal replacement except for growth hormone (GH), 18 patients with CDI, and 19 body mass index (BMI) and parity-matched controls. All patients with SS and four patients with CDI underwent an insulin tolerance test (ITT), and hypoglycaemia-stimulated copeptin levels were measured at 0, 30, 45, and 90 minutes after insulin injection.

Results:
The mean serum copeptin level among patients with SS (26.01 ± 12.41 pmol/L) was significantly lower than that in healthy controls (31.92 ± 7.85 pmol/L) and higher than that in patients with CDI (1.81 ± 0.14 pmol/L). Using pre-defined cut-offs for CDI, basal serum copeptin <2.69 pmol/L and stimulated levels <4.92 pmol/L for complete central DI, and basal copeptin levels >2.69 pmol/L and stimulated copeptin <4.92 pmol/L for partial central DI, 9.2% (n = 4) of patients with SS had CDI, of which half had complete CDI and half had partial CDI.

Conclusion:
A significant number of patients with SS who are on hormone replacement therapy show involvement of the posterior pituitary, despite not displaying symptoms.
Establishment of a murine model of breast cancer expressing human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (4T1-HER2)
Authors: Bakhtiarvand Vahid Khaki , Akbari Khadijeh Ramezani-Ali , Sadri Fatemeh , Haghighat Farzaneh Notash , Hojjat-Farsangi Mohammad , Shokri Fazel , Jeddi-Tehrani Mahmood , Shabani Mahdi 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
Although people with HER2-positive breast cancer benefit from approved HER2-targeted therapy, acquiring resistance to the therapies occurs. Animal models can play a part in gaining a deep understanding of such a process and addressing questions concerning developing and improving immunotherapy approaches.

Materials and Methods:
To develop such a model, we transfected murine 4T1 cells with the pCMV6-Neo-HER2 construct and evaluated HER2 expression and its effects on the established cell line behavior in vitro and in vivo.

Results:
Data illustrated that human HER2 protein was expressed on isolated 4T1-HER2 clones in vitro and in vivo. Except for proliferation over 48 hours, such expression did not change 4T1-HER2 characteristics compared to 4T1 in vitro. Notwithstanding the reduction in proliferation, the rate of tumorigenicity was 90% in challenged mice and Herceptin therapy significantly decreased tumors’ growth and metastasis compared to the control group.

Conclusion:
We describe a murine model for HER2-positive breast cancer not only helping shed light on the mechanisms by which the tumor evades antitumor immunity but also playing a key role in making breast cancer more sensitive to novel immunotherapy modalities.
A case of bilateral intracystic papillary carcinoma breast
Authors: Pandiaraja Jayabal , Shalini Arumugam 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Intracystic papillary carcinoma breast is an uncommon breast cancer consisting of 0.5-1.0% of all breast cancers. Papillary carcinoma is further subdivided into intraductal and intracystic papillary carcinoma. Intracystic papillary carcinoma is further divided into pure intracystic papillary carcinoma or associated with in situ carcinoma. The clinical and radiological features of intracystic papillary carcinoma are not specific, hence a high chance of misdiagnosis. Here we report a case of intracystic papillary carcinoma of both breasts which created a diagnostic dilemma.
Giant Myoid mammary hamartoma: A case report
Authors: Palo Seetu , Agrawal Vinita 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT
Mammary hamartoma are rare neoplasms of the breast. Myoid mammary hamartoma are a subtype comprising of prominent smooth muscle component along with normal breast tissue components including fibrous, adipose, and glandular tissue. We report the case of a 38-year-old lady who presented with a large 21 × 15 cm, firm, mobile lump in right breast, clinically mimicking as phyllodes tumor. The lesion was reported as BIRADS 4a on mammography. Fine needle aspiration cytology suggested benign breast disease. Wide local excision was performed. The excised lump was solid, gray-white with fatty yellowish areas. Histological features were of myoid mammary hamartoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest myoid hamartoma reported till date. Fine needle aspiration, needle biopsy, and immunohistochemistry are of limited value as diagnostic modalities in these lesions. Complete surgical excision, proper identification, and follow-up is essential, as these lesions, more commonly those which are incompletely excised, can recur.
Analysis of the treatment planning metrics and their correlation with morphology of intracranial lesions in Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Singh Ranjit , Robert Ngangom , Madan Renu , Kumar Narendra , Tewari Manoj Kumar , Dhandapani Sivashanmugam , Sahoo Sushanta Kumar 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Gamma Knife Radiosurgery (GKRS) has established a role in treating various benign brain pathologies. The radiosurgery planning necessitates a proper understanding of radiation dose distribution in relation to the target lesion and surrounding eloquent area. The quality of a radiosurgery plan is determined by various planning parameters. Here, we have reviewed various GKRS planning parameters and analyzed their correlation with the morphology of treated brain lesions.

Method:
A total of 430 treatment plans (71 meningioma, 133 vestibular schwannoma/VS, 150 arteriovenous malformation/AVM, 76 pituitary adenoma/PA treated with GKRS between December 2013 and May 2023) were analyzed for target coverage (TC), conformity index (CI), homogeneity index (HI), and gradient index (GI).

Result:
The values of CIPaddick and CILomax for PA were lower and differed significantly from meningioma, VS, and AVM. The value of HI for PA was higher and differed significantly when compared with meningioma, VS, and AVM. The values of HI for AVM were also significantly higher than VS and meningioma. The mean GI was 3.02, 2.92, 3.03, and 2.88 for meningioma, VS, AVM, and PA, respectively. The value of GI for meningioma and AVM was significantly higher when compared with the values for VS and PA. The mean TC was 0.94 for meningioma, 0.96 for VS, 0.95 for AVM, and 0.90 for PA. The value TC of PA was lower and differed significantly when compared with VS, AVM, and meningioma. Lesions with a volume of ≤1 cc had poor planning metrics as the spillage of radiation may be higher.

Conclusion:
The GKRS planning parameters depend on the size, shape, nature, and location of intracranial lesions. Therefore, each treatment plan needs to be evaluated thoroughly and a long-term follow-up is needed to establish their relation with clinical outcome.