bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mate choice for genetic compatibility in the house mouse
Authors: Lindholm Anna K. , Musolf Kerstin , Weidt Andrea , König Barbara 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn house mice, genetic compatibility is influenced by the t haplotype, a driving selfish genetic element with a recessive lethal allele, imposing fundamental costs on mate choice decisions. Here, we evaluate the cost of genetic incompatibility and its implication for mate choice in a wild house mice population. In laboratory reared mice, we detected no fertility (number of embryos) or fecundity (ability to conceive) costs of the t, and yet we found a high cost of genetic incompatibility: heterozygote crosses produced 40% smaller birth litter sizes because of prenatal mortality. Surprisingly, transmission of t in crosses using +/t males was influenced by female genotype, consistent with postcopulatory female choice for + sperm in +/t females. Analysis of paternity patterns in a wild population of house mice showed that +/t females were more likely than +/+ females to have offspring sired by +/+ males, and unlike +/+ females, paternity of their offspring was not influenced by +/t male frequency, further supporting mate choice for genetic compatibility. As the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is physically linked to the t, we investigated whether females could potentially use variation at the MHC to identify male genotype at the sperm or individual level. A unique MHC haplotype is linked to the t haplotype. This MHC haplotype could allow the recognition of t and enable pre‐ and postcopulatory mate choice for genetic compatibility. Alternatively, the MHC itself could be the target of mate choice for genetic compatibility. We predict that mate choice for genetic compatibility will be difficult to find in many systems, as only weak fertilization biases were found despite an exceptionally high cost of genetic incompatibility.
Ecohydrological analysis of Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) habitat in an effluent dependent stream in the Pacific Northwest, USA
Authors: Sánchez‐Murillo R. , Brooks E.S. , Sampson L. , Boll J. , Wilhelm F. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTA conundrum exists in the US Pacific Northwest (PNW) whereby increasingly stringent federal environmental regulations governing the discharge of nutrients from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) to low order streams may negatively impact salmonid species listed under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA). We examined baseflow, water chemistry, benthic algal biomass, macroinvertebrate diversity, and steelhead in the West Fork Little Bear Creek (WFLBC), Idaho, USA, above and below the city of Troy WWTP to explain why this creek is the most productive juvenile steelhead stream in the Potlatch River drainage. Discharge from the WWTP maintained 6 km of perennial flow during summer. Dissolved oxygen (DO) levels indicate that nitrification depressed DO below the Idaho state standard of 6 mg/L within the first 200 m downstream of the discharge. Because of rapid re‐aeration, DO concentrations recovered by 1.3 km. Despite high nitrate (0.12 – 4.3 mg/L) and total phosphorus (0.11 – 0.60 mg/L) concentrations 2.5 km downstream, benthic algal biomass remained below the US Environmental Protection Agency's ‘nuisance algae’ level (i.e., 150 mg/m2) throughout the stream. Family biotic index indicated good water quality conditions above and 2.5 km downstream of the discharge, although fairly poor condictions were found 200 m downstream from the effluent. The WFLBC ecosystem appears to have the capacity to accept and actually benefit from high nutrient loads from a WWTP. This work emphasizes the importance of developing a thorough understanding of the site‐specific biochemical functioning of an ecosystem before selecting and applying standard management practices. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Riparian evapotranspiration modelling: model description and implementation for predicting vegetation spatial distribution in semi‐arid environments
Authors: García‐Arias A. , Francés F. , Morales‐de la Cruz M. , Real J. , Vallés‐Morán F. , Garófano‐Gómez V. , Martínez‐Capel F. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBiotic and abiotic interactions between the riparian zone and the river determine relevant hydrological processes and exert control over riparian and bordering upland vegetation types. Vegetation growth and development are mainly controlled by water availability on semi‐arid regions, where a moisture gradient determines the transition between the densely vegetated riparian zone and the semi‐arid upland. To reproduce this spatial distribution, a mathematical model named RibAV is presented. Its conceptualization is based on the main ecohydrological modelling approaches and field expertise. The implementation of RibAV that is proposed in this paper allows the simulation of the distribution of three plant functional types [herbaceous riparian vegetation (HRV), woody riparian vegetation (WRV) and terrestrial vegetation (TV)] within the riparian zone. An evapotranspiration index (Eidx) obtained through RibAV is used as a criterion for plant absence/presence prediction. Two permanent river reaches of semi‐arid Mediterranean basins, the Terde reach (Mijares River, Spain) and the Lorcha reach (Serpis River, Spain), have been selected as case studies for the calibration and validation of the model, respectively. Several criteria based on the confusion matrix were used to analyse the efficiency of RibAV on the prediction of plant distribution. The satisfactory performance of the model establishing the distribution of the riparian vegetation types and the limit between this zone and the bordering upland are demonstrated in this paper; the strength of the Eidx to classify plant functional types in riparian semi‐arid environments is additionally proven. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving primary healthcare through accreditation: baseline assessment of readiness and challenges in lebanese context
Authors: El‐Jardali Fadi , Ammar Walid , Hemadeh Randa , Jamal Diana , Jaafar Maha 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe quality of primary healthcare (PHC) has become of high importance. In 2009, the Lebanese Ministry of Public Health launched the PHC accreditation program to expand and improve quality across the continuum of care. This study will explore the readiness of PHC centers in Lebanon to implement the newly developed accreditation standards including challenges and required actions/strategies. Seventy‐two centers were sampled, and respondents were asked to complete a 65‐item questionnaire adapted from the national PHC accreditation standards and two open‐ended questions. Descriptive analysis was conducted to assess responses to each item. Thematic analysis was used to analyze open‐ended questions. Scale scores were considerably low, particularly for areas that relate to quality of service delivery. Most respondents (59.8%) indicated not having a strategic plan on the basis of community needs. Close to 70% of respondents indicated that they do not monitor and investigate trends in rates of sentinel events, near misses, and adverse events. Moreover, 76.2% indicated not having a system for incident and accident‐reporting, and only 22.3% reported using one. The PHC accreditation in Lebanon can potentially reform this essential health system component. Results provide insights for policymakers and managers to consider in their efforts to improve quality and performance of PHC centers in Lebanon. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variation of stream temperature among mesoscale habitats within stream reaches: southern Appalachians
Authors: Lynsey Long S. , Rhett Jackson C. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractStream mesoscale habitats have systematic topographic relationships to hyporheic flow patterns, which may create predictable temperature variation between mesoscale habitat types. We investigated whether systematic differences in temperature metrics occurred between mesoscale habitats within reaches of small streams tributary to the upper Little Tennessee River, southern Appalachians. Surface water temperature was recorded over three or four mid‐summer days in four mesoscale habitat types: riffle, main riffle, pool and alcove in 44 stream segments (sites). Temperature metrics were calculated for each mesoscale habitat relative to the mean value of the metric over the stream: Δ maximum temperature, Δ average maximum temperature and Δ maximum daily variation and also for each site: standard deviation of the maximum temperature and average diurnal variation (ADV). Sites were categorized as fully or partially forested. Pool tailouts had statistically significantly lower Δ maximum temperature and Δ average maximum temperature than riffle tailouts in partially forested sites, although differences were small. This was the opposite of what was expected in the presence of hyporheic exchange, indicating hyporheic exchange is not a dominant driver of mesoscale habitat temperatures at these sites. Temperature differences between mesoscale habitat units were small and unlikely to have ecological significance. We also evaluated relationships between stream temperature and riparian condition, watershed % impervious surfaces, watershed % non‐forested and elevation. ADV and standard deviation of the maximum temperature were significantly higher in partially forested sites, indicating that partially forested sites have greater temperature ranges and spatial variation of maximum temperatures. ADV decreased with elevation and increased with % impervious surfaces. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of projected changes in winter streamflow on stream turbidity, Esopus Creek watershed in New York, USA
Authors: Mukundan Rajith , Pierson Donald C. , Wang Lucien , Matonse Adao H. , Samal Nihar R. , Zion Mark S. , Schneiderman Elliot M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study focuses on the impact of changes in winter streamflow on in‐stream turbidity in the Esopus Creek watershed, one of the New York City water supply watersheds. Projected changes in daily precipitation and air temperature from a suite of five global climate models and three emission scenarios for future periods 2046–2065 and 2081–2100 were downscaled for the study region. The simulated climate scenarios were used to project future streamflows using the Generalized Watershed Loading Functions – Variable Source Area watershed model. Seasonal turbidity rating curves based on measured historical streamflow and stream turbidity were used in combination with the simulated streamflow for generating future stream turbidity scenarios. Results indicate an increase in future ambient stream turbidity from November to March and a decrease during April. These results are the effects of increased winter rainfall, reduced snowfall, and a shift to early timing of spring snowmelt runoff, causing an increase in streamflow during early winter. It also suggests a reduction in the traditional peak streamflow around April that is expected to occur in this region. As a result, our models simulate a consistent increase in the low to medium percentile range of turbidity values associated with low to medium range of streamflows and no apparent change in high‐percentile turbidity values associated with high streamflows. Our results may be applicable in regions where snowmelt runoff is an important process and turbidity caused by the suspension of fine clay particles is a water quality concern. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fracture risk and height: An association partly accounted for by cortical porosity of relatively thinner cortices
Authors: Bjørnerem Åshild , Bui Quang Minh , Ghasem-Zadeh Ali , Hopper John L , Zebaze Roger , Seeman Ego 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Taller women are at increased risk for fracture despite having wider bones that better tolerate bending. Because wider bones require less material to achieve a given bending strength, we hypothesized that taller women assemble bones with relatively thinner and more porous cortices because excavation of a larger medullary canal may be accompanied by excavation of more intracortical canals. Three-dimensional images of distal tibia, fibula, and radius were obtained in vivo using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) in a twin study of 345 females aged 40 to 61 years, 93 with at least one fracture. Cortical porosity &lt;100 µm as well as &gt;100 µm, and microarchitecture, were quantified using Strax1.0, a new algorithm. Multivariable linear and logistic regression using generalized estimating equation (GEE) methods quantified associations between height and microarchitecture and estimated the associations with fracture risk. Each standard deviation (SD) greater height was associated with a 0.69 SD larger tibia total cross-sectional area (CSA), 0.66 SD larger medullary CSA, 0.50 SD higher medullary CSA/total CSA (i.e., thinner cortices relative to the total CSA due to a proportionally larger medullary area), and 0.42 SD higher porosity (all p &lt; 0.001). Cortical area was 0.45 SD larger in absolute terms but 0.50 SD smaller in relative terms. These observations were confirmed by examining trait correlations in twin pairs. Fracture risk was associated with height, total CSA, medullary CSA/total CSA, and porosity in univariate analyses. In multivariable analyses, distal tibia, medullary CSA/total CSA, and porosity predicted fracture independently; height was no longer significant. Each 1 SD greater porosity was associated with fracture; odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are as follows: distal tibia, OR = 1.55 (95% CI, 1.11–2.15); distal fibula, OR = 1.47 (95% CI, 1.14–1.88); and distal radius, OR = 1.22 (95% CI, 0.96–1.55). Taller women assemble wider bones with relatively thinner and more porous cortices predisposing to fracture.
Suppressive effect of the histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) on hepatitis C virus replication
Authors: Sato Ayami , Saito Yoshimasa , Sugiyama Kazuo , Sakasegawa Noriko , Muramatsu Toshihide , Fukuda Shinya , Yoneya Mikiko , Kimura Masaki , Ebinuma Hirotoshi , Hibi Toshifumi , Ikeda Masanori , Kato Nobuyuki , Saito Hidetsugu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) has a clinical promise for treatment of cancer including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To investigate effect of SAHA on hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication, we treated the HCV replicon cell OR6 with SAHA. HCV replication was significantly inhibited by SAHA at concentrations below 1 μM with no cellular toxicity. Another HDAC inhibitor, tricostatin A, also showed reduction of HCV replication. The microarray analysis and quantitative RT‐PCR demonstrated up‐regulation of osteopontin (OPN) and down‐regulation of apolipoprotein‐A1 (Apo‐A1) after SAHA treatment. Direct gene induction of OPN and knockdown of Apo‐A1 also showed reduction of HCV replication. The liver specific microRNA‐122, which is involved in HCV replication, was not affected by SAHA treatment. These results suggest that SAHA has suppressive effect on HCV replication through alterations of gene expression such as OPN and Apo‐A1 in host cells. Epigenetic treatment with HDAC inhibitors may be a novel therapeutic approach for diseases associated with HCV infection such as chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and HCC. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1987–1996, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sediment storage by vegetation in steep bedrock landscapes: Theory, experiments, and implications for postfire sediment yield
Authors: Lamb Michael P. , Levina Mariya , DiBiase Roman A. , Fuller Brian M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMechanistic models for sediment transport on hillslopes are needed for applications ranging from landscape evolution to debris‐flow hazards. Progress has been made for soil‐mantled landscapes; however, little is known about sediment production and transport in bedrock landscapes that often maintain a patchy soil mantle, even though slopes exceed the angle of repose. Herein we investigate the hypothesis that patchy soil cover is stable on steep slopes due to local roughness such as vegetation dams that trap sediment upslope. To quantify local sediment storage, we developed a new theory and tested it against tilt‐table experiments. Results show that trapped sediment volume scales with the cube of dam width. Where the dam width is less than about fifty grain diameters, particle force chains appear to enhance stability, resulting in greater trapped volumes and sediment‐pile slopes that exceed the angle of repose. Trapped volumes are greatest for hillslopes that just exceed the friction slope and are independent of hillslope gradient for gradients greater than about twice the friction slope. For neighboring dams spaced less than about five grain diameters apart, grain bridging results in a single sediment pile that is larger than the sum of individual piles. This work provides a mass‐conserving framework for quantifying sediment storage and nonlocal transport in bedrock landscapes. Results may explain the rapid increase in sediment yield following wildfire in steep terrain in the absence of rainfall; as sediment dams are incinerated, particles become gravitationally unstable and move rapidly downslope as dry ravel.
N‐cycling and balancing of the N‐deficit generated in the oxygen minimum zone over the Namibian shelf—An isotope‐based approach
Authors: Nagel Birgit , Emeis Kay‐Christian , Flohr Anita , Rixen Tim , Schlarbaum Tim , Mohrholz Volker , van der Plas Anja 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe northern Benguela upwelling system is a nutrient‐replete region with high plankton biomass production and a seasonally changing oxygen minimum zone. Nitrate:phosphate ratios in fresh upwelling water are low due to denitrification in the near‐seafloor oxygen minimum zone and phosphate efflux from sediments. This makes the region a candidate for substantial dinitrogen fixation, for which evidence is scarce. Nutrient and oxygen data, N isotope data of nitrate, nitrogen isotope ratios of particulate matter, particulate organic carbon content, and suspended matter concentrations on a transect across the shelf and upper slope at 23°S illustrate N‐cycling processes and are the basis for estimating the contribution of N‐sources and N‐sinks to the reactive nitrogen pool. It appears that N‐removal due to denitrification exceeds N gain by N2 fixation and physical mixing processes by a factor of >6, although inorganic N:P ratios again increase as surface water is advected offshore. Nitrate and ammonium regeneration, nutrient assimilation with N:P < 16, shelf break mixing, atmospheric input, and N2 fixation all contribute to the restoration of inorganic N:P ratios back to Redfield conditions, but in seasonally changing proportions. The Benguela upwelling system thus is a nutrient source for the oceanic‐mixed layer where N‐sources and N‐sinks are not in balance and Redfield conditions can only re‐adjust by advection and mixing processes integrated over time.
High‐resolution tracking of motor disorders in Parkinson's disease during unconstrained activity
Authors: Roy Serge H. , Cole Bryan T. , Gilmore L. Don , De Luca Carlo J. , Thomas Cathi A. , Saint‐Hilaire Marie M. , Nawab S. Hamid 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTParkinson's disease (PD) can present with a variety of motor disorders that fluctuate throughout the day, making assessment a challenging task. Paper‐based measurement tools can be burdensome to the patient and clinician and lack the temporal resolution needed to accurately and objectively track changes in motor symptom severity throughout the day. Wearable sensor‐based systems that continuously monitor PD motor disorders may help to solve this problem, although critical shortcomings persist in identifying multiple disorders at high temporal resolution during unconstrained activity. The purpose of this study was to advance the current state of the art by (1) introducing hybrid sensor technology to concurrently acquire surface electromyographic (sEMG) and accelerometer data during unconstrained activity and (2) analyzing the data using dynamic neural network algorithms to capture the evolving temporal characteristics of the sensor data and improve motor disorder recognition of tremor and dyskinesia. Algorithms were trained (n = 11 patients) and tested (n = 8 patients; n = 4 controls) to recognize tremor and dyskinesia at 1‐second resolution based on sensor data features and expert annotation of video recording during 4‐hour monitoring periods of unconstrained daily activity. The algorithms were able to make accurate distinctions between tremor, dyskinesia, and normal movement despite the presence of diverse voluntary activity. Motor disorder severity classifications averaged 94.9% sensitivity and 97.1% specificity based on 1 sensor per symptomatic limb. These initial findings indicate that new sensor technology and software algorithms can be effective in enhancing wearable sensor‐based system performance for monitoring PD motor disorders during unconstrained activities. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Three‐dimensional morphometric mapping of rat muscle fibers
Authors: Kalpidis Ioannis P. , Kapoukranidou Dorothea , Charalambakis Nicolas , Chatzisotiriou Athanasios , Albani Maria 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Quantitative descriptions of fiber type organization in hind limb muscles are incomplete or rare. Methods: Fiber morphometrics for both rat tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were measured in 3 dimensions. Results: Slow oxidative fiber area and perimeter varied in all zones. Fast oxidative glycolytic fibers (FOG) were predominant in the mediolateral and posterior zones, and fast glycolytic fibers (FG) predominated in the anterior zone. The mean area of FOG and succinate dehydrogenase intermediate fibers was lowest in the anterior zone. Mean area of FG was highest in the proximal and distal parts of the muscle. The area and perimeter of fast fibers differed significantly between the right and left limbs in the medial zone. In the middle and lateral zones, they differed at the proximal and distal parts. Conclusions: This detailed analysis in a high resolution, 3‐dimensional map provides an essential tool for understanding the structure and function of TA muscles. Muscle Nerve 48: 951–957, 2013
Dyslipidemia links obesity to early cerebral neurochemical alterations
Authors: Haley Andreana P. , Gonzales Mitzi M. , Tarumi Takashi , Tanaka Hirofumi 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the role of hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia in potentially accounting for obesity‐related brain vulnerability in the form of altered cerebral neurochemistry.Design and MethodsSixty‐four adults, ages 40‐60 years, underwent a health screen and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of occipitoparietal gray matter to measure N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), myo‐inositol (mI), and glutamate (Glu) relative to creatine (Cr). The causal steps approach and nonparametric bootstrapping were utilized to assess if fasting glucose, mean arterial pressure or peripheral lipid/lipoprotein levels mediate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cerebral neurochemistry.ResultsHigher BMI was significantly related to higher mI/Cr, independent of age and sex. BMI was also significantly related to two of the proposed mediators, triglyceride, and HDL‐cholesterol, which were also independently related to increased mI/Cr. Finally, the relationship between BMI and mI/Cr was significantly attenuated after inclusion of triglyceride and HDL‐cholesterol into the model, one at a time, indicating statistical mediation.ConclusionsHigher triglyceride and lower HDL levels statistically account for the association between BMI and myo‐inositol, pointing toward a potentially critical role for dyslipidemia in the development of cerebral neurochemical alterations in obesity.