bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Effect of Endwall Contouring of Vaned Diffuser on Stable Operating Range of Centrifugal Compressor
Authors: Cui Qin , Qin Guoliang , Lei Jian , Wang Yi , Jia Cheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The study investigates the impact of diverse endwall contouring strategies on the operational stability of a high-pressure ratio centrifugal compressor stage. Employing numerical simulation techniques, this study examines the implications of contoured wall positions, specifically convex profiles at the pressure side (PS) and/or concave profiles at the suction side (SS), as well as asymmetric endwall contouring, on both stage performance and internal flow field within the centrifugal compressor. And the stability enhancement mechanism of endwall contouring is clarified. The results demonstrate that employing full circular contoured vaned diffusers on the hub-side wall can achieve a maximum improvement in stall margin of 15.10%. Additionally, the diffuser featuring solely convex profiles at the pressure side on the hub-side wall exhibits an augmented stall margin by 8.39%, with a reduction in performance loss at low flow rate conditions. The asymmetric endwall contouring improves stall margin by 8.39%, and mitigates the performance loss across the entire operating range. At the near-stall (NS) point, the contoured endwalls redirect fluid toward the suction side, thereby mitigating the incidence at the vane leading edge and attenuating the interaction between the impeller trailing edge vortex and the diffuser leading edge vortex. Moreover, concave profiles serve to accelerate the fluid on the suction side along the flow direction, thereby suppressing the corner separation and weakening passage blockages. Simultaneously, the advantages of endwall contouring in vane diffusers extend to the improvement in the circumferential nonuniformity of flow fields and the enhancement in diffuser stability.
Model-Based Inference of Flame Transfer Matrices From Acoustic Measurements in an Aero-Engine Test Rig
Authors: Eder Alexander J. , Merk Moritz , Hollweck Thomas , Fischer André , Lahiri Claus , Silva Camilo F. , Polifke Wolfgang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Flame dynamics, represented as a flame transfer matrix (FTM), is not directly measurable in test rigs and must be deduced from transfer matrix measurements of the combustion system. The burner-flame transfer matrix (BFTM) approach for FTM estimation is based on local pressure signals from microphones located upstream and downstream of the combustor. It combines acoustic measurements in nonreacting and reacting conditions, with the latter implicitly including flame dynamics. A simple matrix operation yields the FTM. However, this approach assumes loss-free wave propagation at constant speed of sound with no change in cross-sectional area between the microphones and the burner/flame. The present work demonstrates the limitations of these assumptions when applied to a test rig with effusion cooling, bypass annulus, and end contraction. This work proposes a method to infer the FTM for complex combustors by combining reactive transfer matrix measurements of the entire combustor with an accurate low-order model (LOM) of the test rig. This generalized method reduces to the BFTM approach as a special case. The Rolls-Royce SCARLET test rig, operating under realistic engine conditions, is used to analyze the capabilities of the proposed model-based inference method and the limitations of the BFTM approach. First, a LOM based on SCARLET's geometry and operating point is formulated using a generic FTM. This model visualizes the limitations of the BFTM approach concerning various physical and geometrical parameters. Finally, experimental data is used to infer the FTM of SCARLET using the proposed approach.
Modeling and Experimental Investigation of Surface Generation in Diamond Micro-Chiseling
Authors: Zhu Zijian , Zhao Chenyang , Yang Yang , Li Honglu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The investigation of diamond micro-chiseling (DMC) has been studied as a machining process for generating specific surface microstructures. The current research mainly focuses on the processing performance of DMC in different applications without exploring the DMC surface generation process from the principle. This article studies the DMC surface generation process under different processing parameters through both theoretical and experimental parts. In the theoretical part, an accurate surface generation model is created that considers the effects of geometrical relationships, material removal mechanisms, minimum uncut chip thickness, and dynamics. The geometric model of the diamond chiseling tool is described, the trajectory between the tool and workpiece is built, and the minimum uncut chip is considered and established. Regarding dynamic factors, a spring-mass damping vibration system of DMC is established, and a finite element model is built to analyze the cutting force. In the experimental part, DMC surface generation experiments are conducted to explore the material removal mechanism and compare surface topography. Results show that our simulation model can estimate DMC topography with an error of less than 0.5 µm. Simultaneously, the optimal DMC strategy is obtained through experiments.
Dose–Response Relationships of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity and Sedentary Time With Renal Function Indices in Adolescents With Reduced Renal Function: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Wang Zisai , Tian Qiuwei , Xu Yujie , Hun Marady , Hu Lin , Zhao Mingyi , He Qingnan 
Published: August 2024

Background: This study aimed to explore the associations between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time with renal function indices in adolescents with kidney disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 719 adolescents (median age 15 y, 40.6% female) with kidney disease from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016. The exposures were MVPA time and sedentary time. Renal metabolic parameters included serum uric acid (SUA), creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the albumin creatinine ratio. Weighted multivariate regression analysis was used to estimate associations between exposures and outcomes. Results: After stratifying MVPA time, the regression effect values β (95% CI) for MVPA on SUA (Q2: −0.22 [−0.41 to −0.03]; Q3: −0.32 [−0.53 to −0.11]) and creatinine (Q2: −0.08 [−0.15 to −0.01]; Q3: −0.04 [−0.11 to 0.03]) gradually decreased with increasing MVPA time. In males (−0.76 [−1.19 to −0.32]), MVPA time was significantly associated with lower SUA levels compared with females (−0.14 [−0.38 to 0.10]). Notably, female adolescents who had an MVPA time exceeding 420 minutes exhibited lower albumin creatinine ratio (−75.37 [−146.63 to −4.11]). In addition, both recreational MVPA time (−0.26 [−0.45 to −0.06]) and sedentary time (−3.15 [−5.83 to −0.46]) were negatively associated with eGFR. Conclusions: Our study found an association between MVPA and lower levels of SUA in male adolescents with kidney disease and albuminuria in female adolescents with kidney disease. In addition, MVPA was also negatively associated with creatinine and eGFR, whereas sedentary time was only associated with eGFR. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Exploring the Interplay Between Climate Change, 24-Hour Movement Behavior, and Health: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Eun-Young , Park Seiyeong , Kim Yeong-Bae , Lee Mikyung , Lim Heejun , Ross-White Amanda , Janssen Ian , Spence John C. , Tremblay Mark S. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Given the emergence of climate change and health risks, this review examined potential relationships between varying indicators of climate change, movement behaviors (ie, physical activity [PA], sedentary behavior, and sleep), and health. Methods: Seven databases were searched in March 2020, April 2023, and April 2024. To be included, studies must have examined indicators of climate change and at least one of the movement behaviors as either an exposure or a third variable (ie, mediator/moderator), and a measure of health as outcome. Evidence was summarized by the role (mediator/moderator) that either climate change or movement behavior(s) has with health measures. Relationships and directionality of each association, as well as the strength and certainty of evidence were synthesized. Results: A total of 79 studies were eligible, representing 6,671,791 participants and 3137 counties from 25 countries (40% low- and middle-income countries). Of 98 observations from 17 studies that examined PA as a mediator, 34.7% indicated that PA mediated the relationship between climate change and health measure such that indicators of adverse climate change were associated with lower PA, and worse health outcome. Of 274 observations made from 46 studies, 28% showed that PA favorably modified the negative association between climate change and health outcome. Evidence was largely lacking and inconclusive for sedentary behavior and sleep, as well as climate change indicators as an intermediatory variable. Conclusions: PA may mitigate the adverse impact of climate change on health. Further evidence is needed to integrate PA into climate change mitigation, adaptation, and resilience strategies.
Modulatory effect of sedentary behaviour on obesity and chronic low back pain: a cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Liu Lu , Wang Bihan , Wen Huaneng , Yang Cheng , Wang Bingshui 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo explore whether sedentary behaviour could modulate the association between overweight or obesity and chronic low back pain (CLBP).DesignA retrospective cross-sectional study.Setting and participantsA total of 4289 participants in the US cohort from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included.Primary and secondary outcome measuresCLBP was the outcome.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, an increased risk of CLBP was identified in people who were overweight (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.76) and obesity (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.18). No significant association between sedentary behaviour time and CLBP was observed. In body mass index (BMI)<25 kg/m2vs BMI≥30 kg/m2group, sedentary behaviour time showed a modulatory effect on obesity and CLBP (p=0.047). In the sedentary behaviour time >4.5 hours group, the risk of CLBP was increased as BMI elevation, indicating sedentary behaviour time >4.5 hours played a modulatory role in the relationship between obesity and CLBP.ConclusionObesity was significantly associated with an increased risk of CLBP, and sedentary behaviour time modulated the association between obesity and CLBP. The findings might provide a reference for the lifestyle modifications among individuals with obesity and reducing sedentary behaviour is recommended for this population.
IASLC grading system predicts distant metastases for resected lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wang Yuezhu , Smith Margaret R , Dixon Caroline B , D'Agostino Ralph , Liu Yin , Ruiz Jimmy , Chan Michael D , Su Jing , Mileham Kathryn F , Lycan Thomas , Green Mary E , Hassan Omer A , Jiang Yuming , Khan Niazi M Khalid , Li Wencheng , Xing Fei 
Published: August 2024

Aims
The International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) has proposed a new histological grading system for invasive lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). However, the efficacy of this grading system in predicting distant metastases in patients with LUAD remains unexplored. This study aims to assess the potential of the IASLC grading system in predicting the occurrence of brain and bone metastases in patients with resectable LUAD, thereby identifying individuals at high risk of post-surgery distant metastasis.

Methods
We retrospectively analysed clinical data and pathological reports of 174 patients with early-stage LUAD who underwent surgical resection between 2008 and 2015 at our cancer center. Patients were monitored for 5 years, and their bone and brain metastasis-free survival rates were determined.

Results
28 out of 174 patients developed distant metastases in 5 years with a median overall survival of 60 months for metastasis-free patients and 38.3 months for patients with distant metastasis. Tumour grading of all samples was evaluated by both IASLC grading and predominant pattern-based grading systems. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive capabilities of the IASLC grading system and tumour stage for distant metastasis. Compared with the predominant pattern-based grading system, the IASLC grading system showed a better correlation with the incidence of distant metastasis and lymphovascular invasion. ROC analyses revealed that the IASLC grading system outperformed tumour stage in predicting distant metastasis.

Conclusions
Our study indicates that the IASLC grading system is capable of predicting the incidence of distant metastasis among patients with early-stage invasive LUAD.
Recovery of Visuospatial Neglect With Standard Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Overman Margot Juliëtte , Binns Elena , Milosevich Elise T. , Demeyere Nele 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Visuospatial neglect is a common consequence of stroke and is characterized by impaired attention to contralesional space. Currently, the extent and time course of recovery from neglect are not clearly established. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the recovery trajectory of poststroke neglect with standard treatment.

METHODS:
PsycInfo, Embase, and MEDLINE were searched for articles reporting recovery rates of neglect after stroke. Time since stroke was categorized into early (0–3 months), mid (3–6 months), and late (>6 months) recovery phases. Random-effects models for pooled prevalence were generated for each phase, and potential sources of heterogeneity were explored with metaregressions. Methodological quality of each study was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist, with low-quality studies excluded in sensitivity analyses.

RESULTS:

The search captured 4130 articles including duplicates, and 111 full-text reviews were undertaken. A total of 27 studies reporting data from 839 stroke survivors with neglect were included for review. Meta-analyses indicated a recovery rate of 42% in the early phase, which increased to 53% in the mid-recovery phase. Additional recovery in the late phase was minimal, with an estimated 56% recovery rate. Heterogeneity of studies was high (I
2
>75%) in all 3 phases of recovery. Estimates were robust to sensitivity analyses. Metaregressions showed significantly greater recovery in studies that included patients with left-hemisphere lesions (β=0.275,
P
<0.05, I
2
=84%).

CONCLUSIONS:
Most recovery from neglect occurs in the first 3 months, although additional gains can be expected up to 6 months poststroke. While a large proportion of patients recover from neglect, over 40% show persistent symptoms. Further research is needed on effective rehabilitation interventions, particularly focusing on patients most at risk of chronic visuospatial neglect.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/
; Unique identifier: CRD42023388763.
Decreased Quantitative Cerebral Blood Volume Is Associated With Poor Outcomes in Large Core Patients
Authors: Yedavalli Vivek , Salim Hamza Adel , Mei Janet , Lakhani Dhairya A. , Balar Aneri , Musmar Basel , Adeeb Nimer , Hoseinyazdi Meisam , Luna Licia , Deng Francis , Hyson Nathan Z. , Dmytriw Adam A. , Guenego Adrien , Faizy Tobias D. , Heit Jeremy J. , Albers Gregory W. , Lu Hanzhang , Urrutia Victor C. , Nael Kambiz , Marsh Elisabeth B. , Hillis Argye E. , Llinas Raf 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND:
Recent large core trials have highlighted the effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. Variable perfusion-imaging thresholds and poor Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score reliability underline the need for more standardized, quantitative ischemia measures for MT patient selection. We aimed to identify the computed tomography perfusion parameter most strongly associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke-large vessel occlusion with significant ischemic cores.

METHODS:
In this study from 2 comprehensive stroke centers from 2 comprehensive stroke centers within the Johns Hopkins Medical Enterprise (Johns Hopkins Hospita—East Baltimore and Bayview Medical Campus) from July 29, 2019 to January 29, 2023 in a continuously maintained database, we included patients with acute ischemic stroke-large vessel occlusion with ischemic core volumes defined as relative cerebral blood flow <30% and ≥50 mL on computed tomography perfusion or Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score <6. We used receiver operating characteristics to find the optimal cutoff for parameters like cerebral blood volume (CBV) <34%, 38%, 42%, and relative cerebral blood flow >20%, 30%, 34%, 38%, and time-to-maximum >4, 6, 8, and 10 seconds. The primary outcome was unfavorable outcomes (90-day modified Rankin Scale score 4–6). Multivariable models were adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, intravenous thrombolysis, and MT.

RESULTS:
We identified 59 patients with large ischemic cores. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that CBV<42% ≥68 mL is associated with unfavorable outcomes (90-day modified Rankin Scale score 4–6) with an area under the curve of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.82–0.99) in the total and MT-only cohorts. Dichotomizing at this CBV threshold, patients in the ≥68 mL group exhibited significantly higher relative cerebral blood flow, time-to-maximum >8 and 10 seconds volumes, higher CBV volumes, higher HIR, and lower CBV index. The multivariable model incorporating CBV<42% ≥68 mL predicted poor outcomes robustly in both cohorts (area under the curve for MT-only subgroup was 0.87 [95% CI, 0.75–1.00]).

CONCLUSIONS:
CBV<42% ≥68 mL most effectively forecasts poor outcomes in patients with large-core stroke, confirming its value alongside other parameters like time-to-maximum in managing acute ischemic stroke-large vessel occlusion.
Damned If They Do, Damned If They Don't: The Assurance Dilemma in International Coercion
Authors: Pauly Reid B. C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Why do some coercive demands succeed but others fail? A dominant paradigm explains coercive outcomes by pointing to the credibility and severity of threats. The concept of coercive assurance is an understudied type of commitment problem in the coercion literature. It suggests that a coercer must assure its target that its threats are conditional on the target's behavior. Many scholars overlook coercive assurance, in part because they assume it is automatic. But assurance is a crucial component of any coercive process. Even highly credible and severe threats can fail when the coercer's assurance is not credible. A novel theory, the assurance dilemma, helps to answer the following questions: Why do targets of coercion fear unconditional pain? Why do coercers punish after receiving compliance? What is the relationship between threats and assurances in coercion? The actions that a coercer can take to bolster the credibility of a threat undermine the credibility of its assurance that it will not punish the target. Targets fear that punishment may be unavoidable and thus look for assuring signals before ceding to the coercer's demands. The case of coercive bargaining over the Iranian nuclear program demonstrates the logic and effectiveness of the use of assurance.
The Emergence of the Socioeconomic Gradient in Women's Marriage Outcomes
Authors: Olivetti Claudia , Paserman M. Daniele , Salisbury Laura , Weber E. Anna 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present new findings about the relationship between marriage and socioeconomic background in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Imputing socioeconomic status of family of origin from first names, we document a socioeconomic gradient for women in the probability of marriage and the socioeconomic status of husbands, which widens over this period. Regional divergence in occupational structure explains half of the divergence in the probability of marriage, and most of the increase in marital sorting. Urbanization and the associated improvement in women's labor market opportunities drive most of these differences.
Mobilization and Backlash: Asymmetric Updating in Response to Campaign Ads
Authors: Shelton Cameron A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Applying a media market boundary approach to individual survey data, I show that political advertising on television increases the probability that viewers who identify with a party will espouse its positions, prefer its candidates, and turn out to vote. This is true no matter which party sponsored the ad, suggesting that an ad consolidates and motivates the sponsor's partisans while simultaneously engendering a countervailing consolidation and mobilization among supporters of the other party. My results are consistent with agents who judge a source's quality by their priors and highlight the importance of targeting supporters.
Development of a Precipitation Climate Record from Spaceborne Precipitation Radar Data. Part II: Temporal Adjustment of the Calibration Change Using the Ocean Normalized Radar Cross Section
Authors: Kanemaru Kaya , Iguchi Toshio , Masaki Takeshi , Yoshida Naofumi , Kubota Takuji 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We analyze the calibration stability of the 17-yr precipitation radar (PR) data on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite to develop a precipitation climate record from the spaceborne precipitation radar data of the TRMM and following satellite missions. Since the PR measures the normalized radar cross section (NRCS) over the ocean surface, the temporal change in the NRCS whose variability is insensitive to the sea surface wind is regarded as the temporal change of the PR calibration. The temporal change of the PR calibration in TRMM, version 7, is found to be 0.19 dB decade−1 from 1998 to 2013. The calibration change is simply adjusted to evaluate the NRCS time series and the near-surface precipitation trend analysis within the latitudinal band between 35°S and 35°N. The NRCS time series at nadir and off-nadir are uncorrelated before the calibration adjustment, but they are correlated after the adjustment. The 0.19 dB decade−1 change of the PR calibration causes an overestimation of 0.08 mm day−1 decade−1 or 2.9% decade−1 for the linear trend of the near-surface precipitation. Even after the adjustment, agreement of the results among the satellite products depends on the analysis period. The temporal stability of the data quality is also important to evaluate the plausible trend analysis. The reprocessing of the PR data in TRMM, version 8 (or later), takes into account the temporal adjustment of the calibration change based upon the results of this study, which can provide more credible data for a long-term precipitation analysis.

Significance Statement
The stability of long-term data is very important for climate research so that an account of temporal calibration changes in the sensor must be made. In this study, we investigate the calibration stability of the TRMM PR data and evaluate its impact on the precipitation trend analysis. The temporal change of the PR calibration is estimated to be 0.19 dB decade−1. Compensating for this change improves the consistency of precipitation trend analysis between the PR and other precipitation datasets. The reprocessed PR data provide more probable data for long-term precipitation analysis.