bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges for Non-Classical Reasoning in Contemporary AI Applications
Authors: Steen Alexander , Benzmüller Christoph 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn knowledge representation and reasoning, a key area in artificial intelligence research, non-classical logics play a prominent double role: firstly, non-classical logic languages allow for a precise and transparent encoding of domain specific knowledge. Secondly, as the logical languages are equipped with custom-tailored rules of logical inference, they make available a principled approach to derive new knowledge from previous information. In practice, the first aspect addresses data storage and retrieval, the second aspect the utilization of available information. This article briefly surveys contemporary challenges of NCL research in AI.
Comprehensive multiomics analysis of the signatures of gastric mucosal bacteria and plasma metabolites across different stomach microhabitats in the development of gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Bingsen , Luan Jiahui , Zhao Weidong , Yu Junbao , Li Anqing , Li Xinxin , Zhong Xiaoqin , Cao Hongyun , Wang Ruicai , Liu Bo , Lu Shiyong , Shi Mei 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
As an important component of the microenvironment, the gastric microbiota and its metabolites are associated with tumour occurrence, progression, and metastasis. However, the relationship between the gastric microbiota and the development of gastric cancer is unclear. The present study investigated the role of the gastric mucosa microbiome and metabolites as aetiological factors in gastric carcinogenesis.

Methods
Gastric biopsies from different stomach microhabitats (n = 70) were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and blood samples (n = 95) were subjected to untargeted metabolome (gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry, GC‒MS) analyses. The datasets were analysed using various bioinformatics approaches.

Results
The microbiota diversity and community composition markedly changed during gastric carcinogenesis. High Helicobacter. pylori colonization modified the overall diversity and composition of the microbiota associated with gastritis and cancer in the stomach. Most importantly, analysis of the functional features of the microbiota revealed that nitrate reductase genes were significantly enriched in the tumoral microbiota, while urease-producing genes were significantly enriched in the microbiota of H. pylori-positive patients. A panel of 81 metabolites was constructed to discriminate gastric cancer patients from gastritis patients, and a panel of 15 metabolites was constructed to discriminate H. pylori-
positive
patients from H. pylori-negative patients. receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified a series of gastric microbes and plasma metabolites as potential biomarkers of gastric cancer.

Conclusion
The present study identified a series of signatures that may play important roles in gastric carcinogenesis and have the potential to be used as biomarkers for diagnosis and for the surveillance of gastric cancer patients with minimal invasiveness.
Does Low Memory Confidence Drive Excessive Reassurance Seeking in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder? Insights from a Novel In Vivo Study
Authors: Champion Sophie M. , Grisham Jessica R. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe factors driving excessive reassurance seeking in obsessive–compulsive disorder are incompletely understood. We investigated whether low memory confidence, which drives compulsive checking, may also lead to excessive reassurance seeking during a novel in vivo contamination-based task. Undergraduates (N = 91) completed a memory test and received sham positive or negative performance feedback. Participants then viewed a complicated cleaning video and completed a corresponding cleaning task whilst their reassurance seeking was covertly coded. Afterwards, participants rated their anxiety, confidence, and experimenter responsibility for task outcomes. The novel laboratory task induced high levels of reassurance seeking from participants (median = 5 reassurance requests). There was no evidence that manipulating memory confidence altered reassurance seeking. Greater reassurance seeking was correlated with decreased performance confidence and increased ratings of experimenter responsibility for negative cleaning task outcomes. Memory beliefs may not initiate reassurance seeking, suggesting a possible dissimilarity between reassurance seeking and compulsive checking.
Impact of Additive Manufacturing Surface Roughness on the Aerodynamic Performance of Axial Compressor Blades
Authors: Lim Sukhyeon , Ko Youngeon , Hong Dunam , Kim Myungho , Song Seung Jin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the influence of additive manufacturing (AM) surface roughness on the aerodynamic performance of axial compressor blades. Though the AM offers advantages such as complex geometry fabrication and reduced material waste, its inherent surface roughness presents challenges in meeting compressor performance requirements. Previous studies have explored the implications of surface roughness on compressor performance. However, the existing literature on surface roughness does not sufficiently address the effects of AM surface roughness on the aerodynamic performance of compressor blades. Hence, in this paper, a linear compressor cascade experiment has been conducted at a Reynolds number

$${Re}_{C}$$

Re

C

= 300,000. Three different roughness Reynold numbers,

$${k}_{s}^{+}$$

k

s

+

, have been examined—1.64 for the smooth blade, 24.5 and 43.8 for the rough 1 and rough 2 blades, respectively. Compared to the smooth blade, the pitchwise mass-averaged deviation and loss of the Rough 1 blade increase by 6.3% and 39.6%, respectively. For the Rough 2 blade, there is an increase of 18.4% and 98.8% in deviation and loss compared to the smooth blade, indicating a non-linear relationship between the deviation and loss, and

$${k}_{s}^{+}$$

k

s

+

.
Spatial dynamics of human-hyena conflicts in villages surrounding Mkomazi National Park, Tanzania
Authors: Mbise Franco Peniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the dynamics of perceived livestock depredation over the last 2 years (from 2021 to 2022) in villages close to Mkomazi National Park in Tanzania. The findings revealed that sheep were the most frequently affected livestock (57.1%), followed by goats (36.7%) and cattle (6.1%). Attacks primarily occurred at home (59.2%) and during the night (65.3%), with a higher prevalence during the dry season (75.5%). The majority of respondents (81.6%) perceived a decrease in attacks. Logistic regression indicated village proximity to the park as a significant predictor in explaining the reported incidents related with livestock depredation, with closer villages experiencing higher risks. Gender, age, education level, and resident status showed no significant correlation with the reported livestock depredation incidents. Spotted hyena sightings varied significantly based on village proximity to the park (p = 0.039), while other factors showed no significant differences. Mitigation measures against livestock depredation included guarding livestock (28.3%), employing noise and scaring tactics (42.2%), and utilizing domestic dogs (29.4%). These findings offer valuable insights into human-wildlife conflicts and inform targeted interventions for mitigating livestock losses not only in the surveyed villages but also in other areas globally facing similar challenges.
Statistical investigation of climate and landfill age impacts on Kupferberg landfill leachate composition: one-way ANOVA analysis
Authors: Likando Nicholene Muzimbwa , Chipandwe Masauso Sakala 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study investigated seasonal variations in the physico-chemical properties of leachate from the Kupferberg landfill site, examining the influence of landfill age and climatic factors. Data provided by the Windhoek Municipality during the years 2017 to 2022 facilitated the exploration of critical concerns related to groundwater protection and human health. Guided by two research questions and anchored in hypotheses tested at a 95% confidence level, the study employed Statistical Packages for Social Scientists (SPSS) for analysis.Significant temperature variations were observed across years [F (5, 21) = 4.493, p < 0.05], indicating a substantial relationship between landfill age and seasonal variations in leachate physico-chemical properties. Further ANOVA tests revealed temperature trends impacting leachate parameters, such as organic content and pH. While COD displayed a declining trend with landfill age, inorganic components like Cl- and alkalinity exhibited no distinct age-related pattern.Wet seasons demonstrated higher EC and Cl--mean values than dry seasons, correlating with elevated COD levels. The study underscored the incremental rise in parameter values over time and during the rainy season, attributed to solid waste degradation and rainwater percolation. Notably, climatic conditions significantly influenced seasonal variations in leachate physico-chemical properties (p < 0.05). Based on this outcome, null hypothesis 1 was rejected. The second null hypothesis was also rejected because climatic conditions do influence the seasonal variations in physico-chemical properties. These findings are crucial for emphasizing the need for effective leachate management strategies and providing valuable insights for arid regions. Future research can expand on a national scale, employing one-way ANOVA tests on other landfills in Namibia, and engaging local communities for comprehensive data collection on cross-contamination.
Nutritional composition, fatty acids, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa seed grown in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain M. S. , Rahman M. Z. , Mozumder S. N. , Rahman J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBlack cumin seeds are extensively utilized for foods, cosmetics, and medicinal purposes. The current investigation was undertaken to analyzse the nutritional values, fatty acid compositions, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant roles of different black cumin genotypes available in Bangladesh. The genotype BSK-2074 had a higher content of proximate composition of crude oil (35.17%), crude protein (23.51%), total carbohydrate (35.23%), moisture (6.54%), ash (3.74%), crude fiber (8.12%), and gross energy value (644.88 kcal/100 g) than the released varieties and cultivars of black cumin available in Bangladesh. The major fatty acid profile of the seed-oil of the BSK-2074 genotype revealed that the oil contained a high amount of linoleic (59.39%), oleic (25.72%), palmitic (13.11%), and stearic (2.25%) acids, as well as a low amount of arachidic, linolenic, myristic, behenic, palmitoleic, lignoceric, and eicosadienoic acids. Moreover, the genotype BSK-2074 contained a high amount of unsaturated (UFAs, 85%), and low content of saturated (SFAs, 18%) fatty acids, and the ratio of UFAs to SFAs was higher (4.39–5.37). Again, the seeds of the genotype BSK-2074 were also enriched in different minerals, viz., calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc. Moreover, total phenolic contents (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) were found significantly higher in the genotype BSK-2074 (478.47 ± 7.33 mg GAE/100 g and 284.07 ± 2.08 mg QE/100 g, respectively) than the local Kalozira variety (316.48 ± 2.33 mg GAE/100 g and 120.53 ± 3.57 mg QE/100 g) found in Bangladesh. The activities of antioxidants 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were found significantly higher in BSK-2074 (37.93% and 129.65 ± 0.19 mg GAE/100 g), than the local Kalozira variety (98.09% and 193.75 ± 0.19 mg GAE/100 g). Thus, the new genotype, BSK-2074, was identified and suggested as the most promising and nutritionally enriched genotype of black cumin.
Insights into the seismogenic structures of the arc-continent convergent plate boundary in eastern Taiwan
Authors: Chen W. S. , Wu Y. M. , Yeh P. Y. , Lai Y. X. , Ke S. S. , Ke M. C. , Yang C. Y. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe doubly vergent orogen in Taiwan is a relatively young and active arc-continent collision caused by the convergence of Eurasian and Philippine Sea Plates occurring along a complicated seismogenic plate boundary. This study aims to investigate the evolutionary and tectonic features of the retro-wedge, a region contributing to the uplifting and shortening of the Taiwan orogen. Through the utilization of seismic tomographic image and relocated seismicity, we identify three potential seismogenic structures along the convergent plate boundary: the Longitudinal Valley Fault, the Ludao–Lanyu Fault, and the Central Range Fault. A significant discovery in our investigation is a west-dipping backthrust of the Central Range Fault, extending from the north Hualien city to the southeastern offshore at a distance of 300 km. The fault is responsible for the formation of a crustal-scale pop-up structure, contributing to the development of a double vergent orogenic wedge in the retro-wedge. The genesis of the basement-involved backthrust is attributed to the indentation of the exhumed forearc mantle wedge and remnant forearc crust into the Backbone Range during collision. Consequently, the plate boundary exhibits two opposite vergent thrust systems of the Longitudinal Valley Fault–Ludao–Lanyu Fault and Central Range Fault, which evolved during different stages of collision-incipient and mature following the closure of the forearc basin of the North Luzon Trough and Longitudinal Valley, respectively. These findings contribute novel insights into the tectonic framework of the convergent zone and provide valuable constraints for geodynamic models of arc-continent collision.
LncRNA HOTAIR: A Novel Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis and Prediction of the Onset of Cerebral Ischemic Events
Authors: Feng Pengcheng , Tong Chenguang , Li Yuan , Liu Li 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) is a major cause of cerebral ischemic events (CIE). The purpose of the research was to reveal the diagnostic accuracy of long non-coding RNA hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) in asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) patients and its predictive significance in CIE incidence.

Methods
88 patients with ACAS and 80 controls were included. Blood samples were collected and serum HOTAIR levels were detected by qRT-PCR. Logistic regression examined factors associated with the degree of carotid stenosis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve assessed the diagnostic accuracy of HOTAIR in identifying patients with ACAS. Predictive value of serum HOTAIR levels for the occurrence of CIE was assessed by Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression.

Results
Serum HOTAIR was markedly lower in ACAS patients than in controls (P < 0.001). Logistic regressions confirmed that HOTAIR levels correlated with severe carotid artery stenosis (OR = 0.289, 95% CI = 0.107–0.786, P = 0.015). ROC’s AUC was 0.925, indicating high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating between the controls and patients with ACAS. Furthermore, CIE-positive patients had lower HOTAIR levels than CIE-negative, and the degree of carotid stenosis (HR = 4.566, 95% CI = 1.206–17.292, P = 0.025) and HOTAIR levels (HR = 0.244, 95% CI = 0.072–0.824, P = 0.023) were independent risk factors for the development of CIE. Patients with lower HOTAIR were more susceptible to CIE (log-rank P = 0.001).

Conclusions
Serum HOTAIR was reduced in patients with ACAS and may be a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for ACAS and predicts the development of CIE.
Timing of Holocene Surface‐Ruptures Across Adjacent Rupture‐Segments Where the Jinsha River Crosses the Yushu Fault, Qinghai Province, China
Authors: Bartholomew Mervin J. , Liu Demin , Mickelson Andrew M. , Brugere Lian , Rittenour Tammy , Sun Guo Q. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Yushu fault, part of the Yushu–Ganzi fault zone, is one of several E‐W‐trending left‐lateral, strike‐slip fault zones that extend across the Tibetan Plateau accommodating lateral transfer of crustal material out of the collision zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates. Discontinuous left‐lateral surface rupture occurred along WNW‐ESE‐striking, near‐vertical faults during two Mw 6.9 14 April 2010 Yushu earthquakes. Geomorphic and surface‐rupture characteristics change at the base of a red cliff separating the Guoqiong and Buqionggei segments. Excavations across these segments near the Jinsha River show: (a) more continuous deposition on the down‐dropped side; and (b) how frequently these surface‐rupture histories were linked or sequential (major to great earthquakes) versus not linked (moderate/strong to large earthquakes). Trench CUG‐2011‐1 and roadcut CUG‐2012‐1 (Guoqiong segment) were on older fan surfaces and Trench CUG‐2012‐2 (Buqionggei segment) crossed a narrow graben. On the Guoqiong segment, using OxCal v.4.4 that works with IntCal20 database for Bayesian‐ordered ages from four 14C and nine OSL ages, surface ruptures occurred during earthquakes at 2010CE, ∼200BCE, ∼2400BCE, ∼4250BCE, ∼6750BCE, ∼7400BCE and ∼10400BCE consistent with an ∼2200‐year Holocene recurrence interval. For the Buqionggei segment, Bayesian‐ordered ages from six OSL ages indicate three Holocene surface ruptures occurred at 2010CE, ∼4600BCE and ∼6750BCE. Surface ruptures on both segments (suggesting linked or sequential major to great earthquakes) only occurred two to three times at 2010CE, ∼4500BCE and/or ∼6750BCE. Thus, risk of infrequent major to great Holocene earthquakes is ∼2400–∼8800 years along the Yushu fault.
Primary Controlling Factors of Apatite Trace Element Composition and Implications for Exploration in Orogenic Gold Deposits
Authors: Cao Genshen , Chen Huayong , Zhang Yu , Sun Weipin , Zhao Junfeng , Zhao Hongtao , Wang Hao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSignificant and readily accessible orogenic gold deposits have been previously recognized, exploited, and progressively depleted. Innovative approaches are required to discover new and deeply buried deposits. Recently, trace element variations in apatite have been used to distinguish fertile and barren environments as reliable mineral exploration tools. In this study, machine learning models using Random Forest and Deep Neutral Network are utilized to assess the fertility of quartz veins and altered zones in the orogenic gold systems. The two models have been trained using trace element data of apatite, and the performance of both models yield good classification accuracy (∼90% on average) with low false positive rates. Feature importance analysis (Gini decrease and hidden layer weights) suggest that Pb, As, U, Sr, Eu, Mn, and Fe are the important parameters. Arsenic, U, Eu, Mn, and Fe are redox‐sensitive elements, with their concentrations responding to changes in fluid redox conditions. Strontium primarily originates from the breakdown of plagioclase, which is more likely to occur under oxidizing fluid conditions. Therefore, we infer that the main controlling factor of the models is the redox conditions. The two distinct models consistently highlight the most significant contribution of Pb to this differentiation, even though Pb is not a redox‐sensitive element and can only substitute for Ca2+ in apatite as Pb2+. We infer that the high contribution of Pb may be attributed to the potential transportation of Au in the form of a Pb‐(Bi)‐Au melt, and the Pb content in apatite is influenced by the Pb content in the melt, fluid oxygen, and sulfur fugacity. We also propose a novel discriminant plot using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to assess the mineralization potential in quartz veins and alteration zones based on apatite trace element data. The machine learning and LDA results suggest that apatite trace elements could be used effectively in the future orogenic gold deposit exploration.
Provenance and Fluvial‐Aeolian Process of Kyzylkum Desert: Constrained by Detrital Zircon U–Pb Dating
Authors: Zhang Mingyu , Song Yougui , Shukurov Shukhrat , Zhao Linghao , Shukurov Nosir , Zong Xiulan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe Kyzylkum Desert, as a transition area of different dust source in Central Asia, provides and reserves a large amount of dust transported by different atmospheric circulation systems, affecting Uzbekistan and downwind East Asia. However, there remains very few investigations about sediment sources and control factors of the desert. We hereby first present a provenance study on the Kyzylkum Desert, utilizing detrital zircon U‐Pb ages of samples composed of desert sand, alluvial sediments from Amu Darya River and piedmont of Southwest Tianshan Mountains. The results reveal that the Southwest Tianshan Mountains contribute the majority of the Kyzylkum desert sand, and the river system, dominated by Syr Darya, controls the sediment provenance of the desert. Moreover, little contribution from the Kyzylkum and Nurata segments indicates that wind erosion on the bedrocks is weak. However, the aeolian process is still crucial but deposit and storage of dust are determined by local topography.
Non‐Tidal Ocean Loading Signals of the North and Baltic Sea From Terrestrial Gravimetry, GNSS, and High‐Resolution Modeling
Authors: Voigt C. , Sulzbach R. , Dobslaw H. , Weise A. , Timmen L. , Deng Z. , Reich M. , Stolarczuk N. , Peters H. , Fietz M. , Thomas M. , Flechtner F. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNon‐tidal ocean loading (NTOL) signals are known to be a significant source of geophysically induced noise in gravimetric and geodetic observations also far‐away from the coast and especially during extreme events such as storm surges. Operationally available corrections suffer from a low temporal and spatial resolution and reveal too small amplitudes on continental stations. Dedicated high‐resolution sea‐level modeling of the North and Baltic Sea provides an improved prediction of NTOL signals. Superconducting gravimeter and Global Navigation Satellite Systems observations on the small offshore island of Heligoland in the North Sea are used for an evaluation of the model values revealing largely increased correlations of up to 0.9 and signal reductions of up to 50% during a storm surge period of one month in January and February 2022. Evaluations on additional continental superconducting gravimeter stations also show significant improvements through the recommended high‐resolution modeling for improved signal separation further away from the coast.
The Relationship Between Large dB/dt and Field‐Aligned Currents During Five Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Fleetham A. L. , Milan S. E. , Imber S. M. , Bower G. E. , Gjerloev J. , Vines S. K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDuring periods of increased geomagnetic activity, perturbations within the terrestrial magnetosphere are known to induce currents within conducting materials, at the surface of Earth through rapid changes in the local magnetic field over time (dB/dt). These currents are known as geomagnetically induced currents and have potentially detrimental effects on ground based infrastructure. In this study we undertake case studies of five geomagnetic storms, analyzing a total of 19 days of 1‐s SuperMAG data in order to better understand the magnetic local time (MLT) distribution, size, and occurrence of “spikes” in dB/dt, with 131,447 spikes in dB/dt exceeding 5 nT/s identified during these intervals. These spikes were concentrated in clusters over three MLT sectors: two previously identified pre‐midnight and dawn region hot‐spots, and a third, lower‐density population centered around 12 MLT (noon). The noon spike cluster was observed to be associated with pressure pulse impacts, however, due to incomplete magnetometer station coverage, this population is not observed for all investigated storms. The magnitude of spikes in dB/dt are determined to be greatest within these three “hot‐spot” locations. These spike occurrences were then compared with field‐aligned current (FAC) data, provided by the Active Magnetospheric Planetary Electrodynamic Response Experiment. Spikes are most likely to be co‐located with upward FACs (56%) rather than downward FACs (30%) or no FACs (14%).