bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Area‐efficient ultra‐wide‐tuning‐range ring oscillators in 65‐nm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor
Authors: Yang Chaowei , Chen Yong , Cheng Kai , Stefano Crovetti Paolo , Martins Rui P. , Mak Pui‐In 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, to analyze the tuning range (TR) of transistors, we introduced two streamlined modeling approaches that can precisely predict the extent and direction of the TR. The first approach, known as the average DC (Id) method, employed a simplified circuit model to dissect transistor characteristics, enabling us to understand the general trajectory of the TR. The second approach involved the transient current Id (tc) method, which offers a nuanced portrayal of the transistor's real‐world performance. By analyzing the current fluctuations within the transistor during transient states, its tuning capabilities could be more accurately ascertained. Further, this paper presents several designs for ultra‐wide‐tuning‐range complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) voltage‐controlled oscillators (VCOs) that employ a novel two‐mode current‐starved delay cell, featuring a tunable transistor‐based current source for coarse frequency adjustment operating in synergy with a varactor for precise tuning. Using the 65‐nm CMOS process, three prototype VCOs (Designs 2/3/4) based on the new cell and targeting different numbers of phases and performance were fabricated, thoroughly characterized, and compared with their traditional inverter‐based counterpart (Design 1). Design 1 featured an inverter‐based four‐phase structure, with an output frequency range of 3.14–9.82 GHz, i.e., a radio frequency (RF) TR of 103%, with phase noise (PN) ranging from 137.7 to 132.1 dBc/Hz at an offset of 100 MHz, figure of merit with tuning range and area (FoMTA) varying from 200.7 to 205.1 dBc/Hz, and area of 0.0036 mm2. In contrast, Designs 2/3/4, based on the new delay cell, featured 8/3/4 phases, with output frequencies in the ranges of 1.14–9.17, 1.26–16.53, and 1.15–18.32 GHz, respectively, resulting in increased RF TRs of 155.8%, 171.7% and 176.4%, as well as PN at an offset of 100 MHz in the ranges of 142.1–138, 130.5–131.3, and 131.9–129.6 dBc/Hz, respectively. This yielded better FoMTAs in the ranges of 201.2–209.9, 205.3–217.9, and 194.1–209.9 dBc/Hz, thus allowing the VCOs to maintain consistent performance across the frequency band and occupy comparable or smaller silicon areas of 0.00425, 0.000972, and 0.00348 mm2in the same 65 nm technology. These designs showcase the versatility and efficiency of the two‐mode current‐starved delay architecture, which offers wide TRs, tiny areas, and competitive performance metrics for various applications in RF integrated circuits.
Parametric coupling of whistler waves with gyrating ion beam in a complex plasma
Authors: Pahuja Twinkle , Kumar Amit , Sharma Jyotsna , Vijay Anuj 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis manuscript examines the non‐linear interaction between the negative energy beam cyclotron mode and the high‐frequency whistler waves. The negative energy beam mode is supported in the vicinity of the beam gyro‐frequency harmonics by a gyrating ion beam with ring‐shaped velocity distribution. Using a gyrating ion beam, we have examined how dust charge variations affect the parametric up‐conversion of high‐frequency whistler waves (WWs) into a side band wave and a low‐frequency mode. For the linked modes, a non‐linear dispersion relation is obtained. It is demonstrated that the WWs divided by beam gyro‐frequency harmonics are up‐converted by a gyrating ion‐beam frequency. An expression for the ion cyclotron mode wave growth rate has been obtained. The estimation of the turbulence growth rate takes into account for the typical parameters of existing dusty plasma. It has been observed that an increased growth rate is reported with a rise in the pump wave amplitude, beam gyro‐frequency, number density of dust grains, and the relative density of dust grains. However, a decline in the growth rate has been observed with increasing gyrating ion beam density and dust grain's size.
Acute changes in kidney function and outcomes following an acute myocardial infarction: Insights from PARADISE‐MI
Authors: Mc Causland Finnian R. , McGrath Martina M. , Claggett Brian L. , Barkoudah Ebrahim , East Cara , Fernandez Alberto , Jering Karola S. , Lewis Eldrin F. , McMurray John J.V. , Mody Freny Vaghaiwalla , Solomon Scott D. , Tokmakova Mariya , van der Meer Peter , Zhou Yinong , Pfeffer Marc A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimsPharmacologic blockade of neurohormonal pathways in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) can result in acute changes in biomarkers of kidney function. We evaluated the effect of sacubitril/valsartan versus ramipril on initial changes in serum creatinine and the association of these changes with longer‐term outcomes among participants in PARADISE‐MI.Methods and resultsIn this randomized, double‐blind, active‐controlled, event‐driven trial, 5661 patients with an acute MI were assigned to receive sacubitril/valsartan or ramipril, with no run‐in. The frequency of an initial pre‐specified increase in serum creatinine (≥26.5 or ≥44 μmol/L) from baseline to week 1 was compared between arms. Multivariable Cox regression models were fit to examine the association of acute changes in serum creatinine with the primary cardiovascular composite outcome (cardiovascular death, first heart failure hospitalization, or outpatient heart failure), all‐cause mortality, and longer‐term changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). An initial increase in serum creatinine ≥26.5 μmol/L occurred in 155 of 2604 (6.0%) patients assigned to sacubitril/valsartan and 120 of 2603 (4.6%) patients assigned to ramipril (odds ratio [OR] 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.68). The corresponding numbers for an increase ≥44 μmol/L were 57 (2.2%) and 42 (1.6%), respectively (OR 1.37; 95% CI 0.92–2.05). A higher odds of increased serum creatinine ≥26.5 and ≥44 μmol/L for sacubitril/valsartan versus ramipril appeared to be restricted to patients who had a greater decline in systolic blood pressure over the same period (p‐interaction = 0.05 and 0.001, respectively). In multivariable analyses, neither an acute increase in serum creatinine ≥26.5 or ≥44 μmol/L was associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular outcomes, all‐cause mortality, or differences in longer‐term eGFR slope. Findings were similar across the randomized treatment arms (p‐interaction >0.6 for all).ConclusionsFollowing acute MI, patients assigned to sacubitril/valsartan had a higher frequency of initial increases in serum creatinine at 1 week, compared with ramipril. In adjusted models, initial increases in serum creatinine with either treatment were not associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes or changes in longer‐term kidney function.
Longitudinal relationship between organised and non‐organised physical activities and overall physical activity in children aged 3–11 years
Authors: Luukkainen Nanne‐Mari , Laukkanen Arto , Niemistö Donna , Kotkajuuri Jimi , Meklin Elina , Sääkslahti Arja 
Published: July 2024

AbstractYoung children's physical activity (PA) has been decreasing while their sports participation has been increasing. Therefore, the aim of this research was to longitudinally examine whether and, if so, how organised and non‐organised PA participation by early childhood education and care (ECEC)‐aged children (T1; 3–8 years) predicted their accelerometer‐measured PA at primary school age (T2; 7–11 years). Secondarily, changes in organised and non‐organised PA participation over time were investigated. The cluster‐randomised study participants comprised 501 Finnish children (52.3% girls: T1, Mage = 5.57 ± 1.06; T2, Mage = 8.80 ± 1.07). PA participation was queried via guardian questionnaire at T1 and T2. Organised PA participation was operationalised as non‐participation, participation in one sport or multisport (two or more) participation; non‐organised PA was operationalised as time spent outdoors on weekdays and on weekend days. PA at T2 was measured using accelerometers. The primary outcome was tested using linear regressions, while a paired sample t‐test and Mann–Whitney U test assessed differences between T1 and T2. The results showed outdoor time and organised sports participation increased from T1 to T2. Moreover, outdoor time at T1 predicted more moderate‐to‐vigorous PA (MVPA) and less sedentary time at T2, while multisport participation predicted significantly more MVPA and less sedentary time at T2. Overall, being outdoors and multisport participation at younger ages appear to have predicted Finnish children's later (MV) PA and sedentary behaviour.
Evaluating ground vibration attenuation through leca‐filled trenches: A support vector machine approach
Authors: Rokni Mohsen Naghizadeh , Tavasoli Omid , Esmaeilabadi Reza , Saraf Amirpouya 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of Leca‐filled barriers, both single and double‐walled trenches, on mitigating ground vibrations due to harmonic loads. A three‐dimensional finite element program, validated in comparison by aforementioned studies, was used alongside automated models created via Plaxis and Python integration. This approach facilitated the evaluation of trench effectiveness in both active and passive design scenarios. Our findings suggest that optimal trench dimensions for effective vibration reduction in active designs are a depth and width of approximately 1λr and 0.2λr, respectively. In passive designs, while trench depth becomes less significant, width plays a crucial role in both single and double‐wall systems. Additionally, a support vector machine algorithm was developed to forecast the performance of single‐wall trenches, showing a high correlation with numerical model outcomes. This underscores the algorithm's utility in predicting trench efficiency, highlighting the practical application of machine learning in geotechnical engineering.
Development and characterization of in‐situ nickel aluminide reinforced Al‐Si matrix composites by stir casting
Authors: Saiyathibrahim A. , Jatti Vijaykumar S. , Dhanapal P. , Mohan Dhanesh G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAluminium matrix composites (AMCs) exhibit promising mechanical properties that are required for the aeronautical and automotive industries. In the current research, A413 (eutectic AlSi) alloy is employed as matrix material, and nickel based trialuminide (Al3Ni) with primary Si particles as reinforcements to manufacture aluminium matrix composites through the stir casting process. A total of three varieties of composite alloys containing 3, 6, and 9 wt% of nickel were used to fabricate stir cast composites, and their microstructural features, along with mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, impact strength, and hardness, were evaluated. Furthermore, the dry sliding wear behavior for three different applied loads (10, 20, and 30 N) was studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed nucleation of Al3Ni nickel trialuminide and increase of primary Si phases as well as exhibited even dissemination of such reinforcements in α‐Al. The composite with the highest nickel content (9 wt%) had a microstructure that consisted of 31 vol% in‐situ Al3Ni intermetallic and 8.1 vol% primary Si particles. This composite demonstrated a maximum increase of 25.93% in hardness and 40.30% in tensile strength. The quality index values of composites with in‐situ reinforcements were higher compared to that of A413 alloy, which had the lowest quality index value of 248.83 MPa, representing a 9.91% decrease. The impact strength of the composite was found to be reduced by a maximum of 50% and showed a significant loss in ductility also when compared with A413 aluminium alloy. Wear resistance was found to be increased with the evolution of in‐situ reinforcements inside the matrix, whereas an increase in applied load resulted in a higher wear rate. The uniform dispersion and good interfacial bonding between the aluminium matrix and in‐situ reinforcements (nickel trialuminide and primary Si) are showing preeminent mechanical properties and can be a novel composite material for industrial applications.
Sequential detection with feedback information for two‐way cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive internet of things
Authors: Wu Jun , Su Mingkun , Bao Jianrong , Qiao Lei , Xu Xiaorong , Wang Hao , Zhu Gefei , Cao Weiwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith the rapid growth of internet of thing (IoT) devices, cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) has emerged as a promising solution to leverage the spatial diversity of multiple secondary IoT sensing nodes (SNs) for spectrum availability. However, the cooperative paradigm also incurs increased cooperative costs between each SN and the fusion center (FC), leading to decreased cooperative efficiency and achievable throughput, especially in large‐scale cognitive IoT (CIoT). To address these challenges, we present a sequential detection with feedback information (SD‐FI) approach in this paper. To achieve this objective, we propose a two‐way CSS model that formulates an optimization problem of Bayes cost in a quickest detection framework with feedback. To solve this optimization problem, we derive the structure of the optimal local decision rule from the local decision function and determine the optimal detection threshold in conjunction with the cost function. Following the optimal threshold pair, we implement the optimal SD‐FI and theoretically demonstrate the uniqueness of the optimal threshold and optimal sensing time. Simulation results demonstrate superiority of SD‐FI in terms of cooperative performance (i.e., detection performance and Bayes cost) and sample size. Notably, even with limited sensing time, our proposed SD‐FI exhibits high throughput, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing spectrum availability and utilization in CIoT.
Effect of Ionomer/Carbon Ratio and Catalytic Layer Thickness on the Operation of PEM Single Cells
Authors: González Rodríguez Leandro , Andújar Lapeña Rocío , Campana Prada Roberto , Sevilla Toboso Gema , Sánchez Molina Margarita 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe electrochemical operation of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with different Nafion/C composition (0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%) and the same ultralow platinum load (0.02 mgPt cm−2) has been investigated. The electrodes were manufactured by depositing the catalytic ink, prepared with catalyst HiSPEC9100, onto the gas diffusion layers by wet powder spraying. MEA with 30% Nafion/C reached the highest power density (675 mW cm−2) and the lowest mass of Pt per power (0.059 gPt kW−1) under H2/O2 2 bar gauge pressure, the last quotient being 1.7 time less than USDRIVE objective for 2025. The electrochemical functioning of current membrane‐electrode setups is compared with an analogous series with thicker electrode catalytic layer prepared with a commercial catalyst with a lower percent of Pt/C. Scanning electron microscopy characterization analysis of catalytic layers prepared by wet spraying exhibited an ionomer homogeneous network.
Modifications to the NEATS instrument for more appropriate and reproducible assessment of guidelines trustworthiness
Authors: Ghadimi Maryam , Guyatt Gordon , Brignardello‐Petersen Romina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRationalThe National Guideline Clearinghouse Extent of Adherence to Trustworthy Standards (NEATS) instrument measures the adherence of clinical practice guidelines to the trustworthiness standards proposed by the Institute of Medicine. However, rather than trustworthiness or methodological quality, the NEATS instrument evaluates the quality of reporting in addressing the management of conflict of interest of guideline development group members, systematic review process and assessment of the certainty of the evidence, rating the strength of recommendations, and updating plans. Furthermore, the NEATS instrument instructions on rating items are sufficiently limited that they may compromise the reproducibility of the instrument.Methods (Modifications to the NEATS Instrument)In the context of a specific methodological research project, we developed modifications to the NEATS instrument that include modifying the wording of items to capture trustworthiness rather than reporting quality and creating an algorithm for all items that maps responses to a series of prompting questions and guides the user in arriving at a rating from 1 to 5 or yes, no, or unknown, as applicable.ImplicationsModifications to the NEATS instrument present a structured and practical framework to assess the degree to which clinical practice guidelines are trustworthy, and they ensure that items evaluate trustworthiness and improve the reproducibility of assessments across a range of raters' level of expertise in guideline methodology.
Astrocyte‐TREM2 alleviates brain injury by regulating reactive astrocyte states following ischemic stroke
Authors: Wang Cong , Dong Jing , Huang Heng , Zhou Kegui , Liu Zhenguo , Milner Richard , Li Longxuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) has been shown to confer strong neuroprotective effects in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, as the vast majority of research findings to date are based on its functions in microglia, the precise role of TREM2 in astrocytes after AIS is unknown. Here, both loss‐ and gain‐of‐function experiments were employed to investigate how astrocytic TREM2 influences the pathogenesis of AIS in vivo and in vitro. Our results demonstrated that cerebral ischemia triggered induction of TREM2 expression on reactive astrocytes following AIS. In addition, astrocyte‐specific TREM2 knockout mice exhibited much greater brain injury than TREM2 flox/flox controls following AIS, as evidenced by increased cerebral infarct volume, neuronal apoptosis and neurological deficit, which was associated with an increased expression of pro‐inflammatory molecule complement component 3 (C3) on reactive astrocytes and activation of microglia/macrophages but decreased expression of S100 calcium binding protein A10 (S100A10) and arginase1 (Arg1) on reactive astrocytes. Mechanistic analyses revealed that astrocytic TREM2 alleviated brain injury by inhibiting detrimental actions of reactive astrocytes but promoting their neuro‐ and glioprotective actions via the kruppel‐like transcription factor‐4‐nuclear factor‐κB axis. Together, this study provides novel evidence for a critical protective role of astrocyte‐derived TREM2 in AIS and highlights a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AIS.
DeepComBat: A statistically motivated, hyperparameter‐robust, deep learning approach to harmonization of neuroimaging data
Authors: Hu Fengling , Lucas Alfredo , Chen Andrew A. , Coleman Kyle , Horng Hannah , Ng Raymond W. S. , Tustison Nicholas J. , Davis Kathryn A. , Shou Haochang , Li Mingyao , Shinohara Russell T. ,   The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2024

AbstractNeuroimaging data acquired using multiple scanners or protocols are increasingly available. However, such data exhibit technical artifacts across batches which introduce confounding and decrease reproducibility. This is especially true when multi‐batch data are analyzed using complex downstream models which are more likely to pick up on and implicitly incorporate batch‐related information. Previously proposed image harmonization methods have sought to remove these batch effects; however, batch effects remain detectable in the data after applying these methods. We present DeepComBat, a deep learning harmonization method based on a conditional variational autoencoder and the ComBat method. DeepComBat combines the strengths of statistical and deep learning methods in order to account for the multivariate relationships between features while simultaneously relaxing strong assumptions made by previous deep learning harmonization methods. As a result, DeepComBat can perform multivariate harmonization while preserving data structure and avoiding the introduction of synthetic artifacts. We apply this method to cortical thickness measurements from a cognitive‐aging cohort and show DeepComBat qualitatively and quantitatively outperforms existing methods in removing batch effects while preserving biological heterogeneity. Additionally, DeepComBat provides a new perspective for statistically motivated deep learning harmonization methods.
Periodontal and microbiological data in patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid in a French population in 2021–2022: A pilot cross‐sectional study
Authors: Ejeil Anne‐Laure , Gaultier Frédérick , Catherine Bisson , Chaubron Franck , Lupi Laurence , Dridi Sophie‐Myriam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsIn the case of mucous membrane pemphigoid with gingival expression (gMMP), the complete healing of the gingiva is generally not achieved despite medical treatment. Therefore, patients' oral comfort is impaired. The dysbiotic periodontal microbiota, generated by a lack of oral hygiene associated with persistent gingival pain, could the immunopathological mechanism to persist. The main objective of this study was to characterize the subgingival microbiota of the gMMP patients, and to highlight a potential link between this microbiological data and the clinical data.MethodsSubgingival biofilm was collected from 15 gMMP patients, medically treated or not, but not receiving periodontal treatment. The usual clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. The biofilm was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction quantitative. The risk factors of severe erosive gingivitis and severe periodontitis were assessed using Chi‐square or Fischer's exact test were used.ResultsWhatever the medical and periodontal conditions of the patients, the results showed the existence of three main communities of periodontopathic, dysbiotic bacteria. The first including Tannnerella forsythia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Campylobacter rectus, was found in 100% of the patients, the second enriched with Treponema denticola in 60% and the third enriched with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in 26%. Furthermore, there was a significant positive link between the duration of gMMP and the severity of erosive gingivitis (p = 0.009), and the loss of deep periodontal tissue (p = 0.04).ConclusionThis pilot study suggests a high periodontal risk in gMMP patients. The pathological processes, autoimmune on the one hand and plaque‐induced on the other, may amplify each other. The application of periodontal therapy is therefore necessary in parallel with medical treatment. Nevertheless, further controlled studies are required to validate and complement these preliminary results.