bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of sulphur added to phosphate rock on solubility and phytoavailability of phosphorus
Authors: Stanisławska-Glubiak Ewa , Korzeniowska Jolanta , Hoffmann Józef , Górecka Helena , Jóźwiak Wiktor , Wiśniewska Grażyna 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
For ground phosphate rock (GPR) to be applied as phosphorus fertilizer, the availability of phosphorus to plants needs to be improved. One possible way to achieve this is by adding sulphur, which will accelerate decomposition of phosphate in soil owing to the activation of microbiological processes. This study involved granulation of fertilizers composed of phosphate and sulphur mixed at 38:1 and 10:1 ratios and two analogous fertilizer variants but with added molasses as a source of organic carbon for sulphur bacteria. A small-scale industrial installation for production of multi-component fertilizers was used to make granular fertilizer by the compaction method. The granular fertilizers were then tested in an agricultural experiment. The fertilizer in which the phosphate to sulphur ratio was 10:1 produced better effects. Addition of molasses to the fertilizers did not improve their fertilizing capacity
Authority, History, and Everyday Mysticism in the Poetry of Lucille Clifton
Authors: Harding Rachel Elizabeth 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Lucille Clifton, a northern-born woman with Southern roots, was a writer of profound illumination and plain speaking. This combination in her work—spare elegance of tone and deep practical wisdom—is often remarked upon by literary critics and admirers. Those who know Clifton's work well also note key elements of her poetic voice in which she honors the everyday mysticism of African American experience, a firm claim to agency and creativity in the face of terror, and an insistence on telling the truths of history—the joyful truths as well as the hidden and hurtful ones. In all of these elements, black women and our ways of knowing are privileged in Clifton's writing. There is a strong measure in which the poet's oeuvre and sensibility may be described as “womanist” in the broadest sense of the term developed by Alice Walker (1983). Using a framework informed by Walker's womanism, African American literary studies, and the history of Afro-Atlantic religions, this essay explores connections among these signal components of Clifton's work: namely, the poet's sense of agency and authority; the power of personal and collective history; and a nonsensational mystic spirituality linked to broader diasporic understandings of the sacred.
Where Author and Auteur Meet
Authors: Hardison Ayesha 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This essay examines black women's transition from cultural consumers to artistic producers in Martha Southgate's under-studied novel Third Girl from the Left. Analyzing the text's exploration of black women's misrepresentation in popular film and mainstream narratives of history, this essay argues that Southgate rewrites the script of black female desire beyond sexual subjugation and racial stereotype over the course of the novel's three generations of mothers and daughters. Southgate reveals the importance of black women controlling the narrative of black female subjectivity portrayed on the movie screen. Moreover, she illustrates the significance of black women's performance of subjectivity in their own lives. By charting a “reel” and “real” history of the erotic, Southgate not only explores the repercussions of movie-watching and movie-making for black female spectators, but she also demands that her readers participate in the critical interpretive work necessary for recognizing the difference between “fact” and “fiction.” Her novel reveals that such cultural work is important for interrogating and reconfiguring past and present representations of black female eroticism. This essay looks at the nuances in Third Girl from the Left by placing the novel in the context of its explicit movie allusions as well as films with which the text is in tacit dialogue.
Recent developments in the medical and surgical treatment of melanoma
Authors: Saranga‐Perry Vita , Ambe Chenwi , Zager Jonathan S. , Kudchadkar Ragini R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAnswer questions and earn CME/CNEIncreasing knowledge of the biology of melanoma has led to significant advances in drug development to fight this disease. Surgery is the primary treatment for localized disease and is an integral part of management in patients with more advanced disease. The last decade has become the era of targeted therapy in melanoma and has revolutionized the treatment of this disease. Since 2011, 4 new agents have been approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma: ipilimumab, vemurafenib, dabrafenib, and trametinib. Several new agents are currently in phase 3 trials with hopes of even more agents being approved for this once “untreatable” disease. How to integrate surgical options with more effective systemic therapies has become a new challenge for physicians. This review will provide an update on current surgical options, highlight the pathway to the development of the newly approved agents, and further discuss new treatments that are on the horizon. CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:171–185. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Exosomes provide a protective and enriched source of miRNA for biomarker profiling compared to intracellular and cell‐free blood
Authors: Cheng Lesley , Sharples Robyn A. , Scicluna Benjamin J. , Hill Andrew F. 
Published: March 2014

IntroductionmicroRNA (miRNA) are small non‐coding RNA species that are transcriptionally processed in the host cell and released extracellularly into the bloodstream. Normally involved in post‐transcriptional gene silencing, the deregulation of miRNA has been shown to influence pathogenesis of a number of diseases.BackgroundNext‐generation deep sequencing (NGS) has provided the ability to profile miRNA in biological fluids making this approach a viable screening tool to detect miRNA biomarkers. However, collection and handling procedures of blood needs to be greatly improved for miRNA analysis in order to reliably detect differences between healthy and disease patients. Furthermore, ribonucleases present in blood can degrade RNA upon collection rendering extracellular miRNA at risk of degradation. These factors have consequently decreased sensitivity and specificity of miRNA biomarker assays.MethodsHere, we use NGS to profile miRNA in various blood components and identify differences in profiles within peripheral blood compared to cell‐free plasma or serum and extracellular vesicles known as exosomes. We also analyse and compare the miRNA content in exosomes prepared by ultracentrifugation methods and commercial exosome isolation kits including treating samples with RNaseA.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that exosomal RNA is protected by RNaseA treatment and that exosomes provide a consistent source of miRNA for disease biomarker detection.
Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Woundfin Embryos and Larvae with Application to Conservation Propagation
Authors: Holmquist Luke M. , Ray Andrew M. , Bancroft Betsy A. , Pinkham Nick , Webb Molly A. H. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Endangered woundfin Plagopterus argentissimus embryos and larvae were exposed to artificial ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation to directly examine the effects on mortality. The experiment was part of a project assisting the Virgin River Resource Management and Recovery Program's efforts to increase hatchery production of this endangered fish. The UV-B radiation used in this experiment was administered in treatments of 0.060, 0.030, and 0.015 mW/cm2 to simulate 100, 50, and 25% of the ambient irradiance levels documented in outdoor tanks and living streams at Bubbling Ponds State Fish Hatchery, in Arizona. Embryos and larvae were exposed for 14.5 h followed by 9.5 h of darkness, in correspondence with the daylight hours at Bubbling Ponds. No embryos survived UV-B treatments; mortality among control (UV-B–free) treatments varied (5–100%) among females, indicating that there may be important parental effects that influence embryo mortality. Larval mortality was also 100% for individuals exposed to any of the three UV-B treatments. In contrast to embryo trials, larval mortality in UV-B–free treatments approached 20% for 2-d-old larvae. These experiments provide evidence that woundfin embryos and larvae are sensitive to even low levels of UV-B when exposed for 14.5 h. Susceptibility of larvae to UV-B also appears to be a function of age at exposure, with older larvae exhibiting significantly lower levels of mortality during the initial days of exposure. Experiments with UV-B mitigation strategies indicated that shade cloth, Aquashade®, and elevated dissolved organic carbon can aid in the attenuation of UV-B, and these strategies may assist hatchery managers in implementing UV-B mitigation measures during periods when woundfin are most susceptible.
Prevalence and Molecular Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Italian Women with Cervical Cytological Abnormalities
Authors: Meloni Angelo , Pilia Roberta , Campagna Marcello , Usai Antonella , Masia Giuseppina , Caredda Valeria , Coppola Rosa Cristina 
Published: March 2014

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection and high-risk HPV types are a necessary cause for the development of cervical cancer. The present study investigated the HPV-type specific prevalence in 650 women, aged 15-76 years, with cytological abnormalities and the association between HPV infection and cervical disease in a subset of 160 women for whom cytological results for Pap-Test were available, during the period 2008-2011 in Cagliari (Southern Italy). Design and Methods HPV-DNA extraction was performed by lysis and digestion with proteinase K and it was typed by using the INNOLiPA HPV Genotyping Assay. Results Overall the HPV prevalence was 52.6%; high-risk genotypes were found in 68.9% of women and multiple-type infection in 36.1% of HPV-positive women. The commonest types were HPV-52 (23.4%), HPV-53 (15.7%), HPV-16 (15.4%) and HPV-6 (12.4%). Among the women with cytological diagnosis, any-type of HPV DNA was found in 49.4% of the samples and out of these 93.7% were high-risk genotypes. Genotype HPV 53 was the commonest type among women affected by ASCUS lesions (21.4%), genotype 52 in positive L-SIL cases (22.5%), genotype 16 H-SIL (27.3%). Conclusions This study confirmed the high prevalence of HPV infection and high-risk genotypes among women with cervical abnormalities while, unlike previously published data, genotype HPV-52 was the most common type in our series. These data may contribute to increase the knowledge of HPV epidemiology and designing adequate vaccination strategies.
Point-of-Decision Signs and Stair Use in a University Worksite Setting: General versus Specific Messages
Authors: Eckhardt Mary R. , Kerr Jacqueline , Taylor Wendell C. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose. This study tested the effectiveness of two point-of-decision signs to increase stair use and investigated message content by comparing signs with general and specific messages. Design. This study used a quasi-experimental time series design, including a 2-week baseline period: 2 weeks with a general message and 2 weeks with a specific message. Setting. The signs were placed in an eight-story university building. Subjects. The subjects comprised all adults entering the building. During the study, 2997 observations of stair/elevator choice were made. Intervention. A stair-prompt sign with a general message and a sign with a specific message served as the interventions. Measures. Observers measured stair/elevator choice, demographics, and traffic volume. Analysis. Logistic regression analyses were employed, adjusting for covariates. Results. The specific sign intervention showed significantly increased odds of stair use compared to baseline (odds ratio [OR] = 2.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.46–2.84). The odds of stair use were also significantly greater with the specific sign than the general sign (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.13–2.20). Conclusion. Only the specific sign significantly increased stair use. The results indicate that a specific message may be more effective at promoting stair use.
Using a Scripted Data Entry Process to Transfer Legacy Immunization Data While Transitioning Between Electronic Medical Record Systems
Authors: Hsiao A. , Fenick A. , Michel J. 
Published: March 2014

Summary
Background: Transitioning between Electronic Medical Records (EMR) can result in patient data being stranded in legacy systems with subsequent failure to provide appropriate patient care. Manual chart abstraction is labor intensive, error-prone, and difficult to institute for immunizations on a systems level in a timely fashion.
Objectives: We sought to transfer immunization data from two of our health system’s soon to be replaced EMRs to the future EMR using a single process instead of separate interfaces for each facility.
Methods: We used scripted data entry, a process where a computer automates manual data entry, to insert data into the future EMR. Using the Center for Disease Control’s CVX immunization codes we developed a bridge between immunization identifiers within our system’s EMRs. We performed a two-step process evaluation of the data transfer using automated data comparison and manual chart review.
Results: We completed the data migration from two facilities in 16.8 hours with no data loss or corruption. We successfully populated the future EMR with 99.16% of our legacy immunization data – 500,906 records – just prior to our EMR transition date. A subset of immunizations, first recognized during clinical care, had not originally been extracted from the legacy systems. Once identified, this data – 1,695 records – was migrated using the same process with minimal additional effort.
Conclusions: Scripted data entry for immunizations is more accurate than published estimates for manual data entry and we completed our data transfer in 1.2% of the total time we predicted for manual data entry. Performing this process before EMR conversion helped identify obstacles to data migration. Drawing upon this work, we will reuse this process for other healthcare facilities in our health system as they transition to the future EMR.
Citation: Michel J, Hsiao A, Fenick A. Using a scripted data entry process to transfer legacy immunization data while transitioning between electronic medical record systems. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 284–298 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-11-RA-0096
Role of Local Hemostatic Agents in Epistaxis
Authors: Mattoo Owais , Muzaffar Rahil , Jallu Aleena , Hussain Tahir 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT

Background
Epistaxis is the commonest otorhinolaryngological emergency affecting up to 60% of the population in their lifetime, with 6% requiring medical attention.

Materials and methods
This study was conducted to describe the etiological profile and treatment outcome of epistaxis at Postgraduate Department of ENT and HNS in Government Medical College, Srinagar, India. This was a prospective study of the cases of epistaxis managed at Postgraduate Department of ENT and HNS in Government Medical College, Srinagar, from December 2011 to December 2012. Till date, the data regarding the management of epistaxis in our setting was not available. The purpose was to evaluate the clinical and management options for epistaxis in our settings. The clinical significance of this study can be gauged from the fact that most common ENT emergency, the epistaxis is usually mismanaged at the peripheral centres and this may serve as a reference for proper management options of epistaxis.

Results
A total of 100 patients with epistaxis were studied. Males were affected twice more than the females (2.6:1). Their mean age was 48.63 years (range 4 to 82 years). The modal age group was 41 to 50 years. The commonest cause of epistaxis was Idiopathic (33%) followed by trauma (21%) and hypertension (18%). Anterior nasal bleeding was noted in majority of the patients (89%). Nonsurgical measures, such as light packing with cotton gauze soaked with local hemostatic (hemocoagulase) and antiseptic/antibiotic (36%), silver nitrate cauterization (16%) and anterior nasal packing (15%) and observation alone (11%) were the main intervention methods in 78% of cases. Surgical measures mainly intranasal tumor resection was carried out in 3% of cases.

Conclusion
The most common etiological factor for epistaxis is idiopathic in our setting. Most cases were successfully managed with conservative (light packing with cotton gauze soaked with local hemostatic) treatment alone and surgical intervention with its potential complications may not be necessary in most cases and should be the last resort.

How to cite this article
Muzaffar R, Mattoo O, Jallu A, Hussain T. Role of Local Hemostatic Agents in Epistaxis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(3):113-117.
Frontal Mucocele following Contralateral Orbitopterional Craniotomy for Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma: A Short Report
Authors: Mohindra Satyawati , Gupta Bhumika , Mohindra Sandeep , Gupta Karan 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Unilateral skull base craniotomy provides reasonable exposure for orbital tumors, especially involving optic nerve sheath lesions. Such a surgical approach requires disturbance of sanctity of rhinological spaces, inviting unusual complications. The authors report contralateral mucocele formation 4 years after such a craniotomy performed for optic nerve sheath meningioma.

How to cite this article
Mohindra S, Mohindra S, Gupta B, Gupta K. Frontal Mucocele following Contralateral Orbitopterional Craniotomy for Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma: A Short Report. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(3):121-123.
Large Frontoethmoidal Mucocele: Treatment and Review
Authors: Gupta Manish , Chauhan Bhushan 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Paranasal sinus mucoceles are slowly expanding cystic lesions leading to sinus expansion, bony erosion and ultimately extension into the orbit and cranial cavity. Mucoceles account for 4 to 8.5% of expanding orbital lesions, with frontal and ethmoidal sinuses as the most common sites. We describe a large frontoethmoidal mucocele that presented with diplopia, headache and displacement of globe and was successfully managed by endoscopic sinus surgery.

How to cite this article
Gupta M, Chauhan B, Gupta M. Large Frontoethmoidal Mucocele: Treatment and Review. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2013;6(3):126-128.
A Clinical Study to assess the Efficacy of Commonly Available Denture Adhesive Materials in Mandibular Dentures
Authors: Yadav Harish , Phukela Sumit Singh 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
Retention in mandibular dentures has always been a challenge for the treating dentist. Denture adhesives are known to improve the adhesive bond between the denture and the underlying tissues. However, denture adhesives still remain unexplored and not much is known about the efficacy of these materials in mandibular dentures especially in patients with poor foundations. The present study was carried out to compare the efficacy of different commercially available denture adhesives in relation to their retentive ability in patients with good well formed mandibular ridges and in patients with resorbed and flat mandibular ridges. Seventy edentulous patients, age range between 50 to 70 years, were selected. The patients were divided into 2 groups; group 1 comprised of 35 patients with good well formed mandibular ridges and group 2 consisted of 35 patients having low well rounded mandibular ridges. The adhesion and cohesion that developed between the dentures and the underlying tissues when the various materials were interposed between them was evaluated with the help of a test apparatus in newtons. Mean value of retention in denture without adhesive was 9.93 N and 24.53 N in resorbed and well formed ridges respectively. Use of denture adhesive materials led to a higher value of retention as opposed to when the dentures were used without adhesives. This was true for patients with good well formed mandibular ridges as well as for patients with poor foundations. Among the various denture adhesive powders tested, Fittydent showed better results, i.e. 29.56 and 33.05 in resorbed and well-formed ridges respectively as opposed to fixon which showed values of 16.47 and 27.70 respectively.

How to cite this article
Malhotra P, Yadav B, Yadav H, Phukela SS. A Clinical Study to assess the Efficacy of Commonly Available Denture Adhesive Materials in Mandibular Dentures. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2013;3(4):125-130.
Effect of Air Abrasion on the Marginal Configuration of Titanium Crowns after Casting
Authors: Nadiger Ramesh , Yadav Harish 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACT
The present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the effect of air abrasion on marginal accuracy of titanium crowns after casting. A total of 90 samples were prepared which were divided in three groups of 30 specimens each of shoulder, chamfer and shoulder with bevel marginal configurations respectively. Thirty samples were air abraded using 120 μm particle size of aluminum oxide particle and remaining 30 specimens by 250 μm particle sizes respectively. The length from the reference line and tip of the cast specimens before and after sand blasting was measured with the help of traveling microscope. Same specimens were subjected to trimming for removal of alpha case layer for a standardized time, speed and pressure. The basic data of marginal discrepancy due to sand blasting and alpha case removal for each marginal configuration were evaluated and compared with data for the control group using student ‘t’ test and ANOVA. The smaller the margin angle, the greater was the loss of alloy after air abrasion (shoulder with bevel > chamfer > shoulder). Particle size of the abrasive also influenced the vertical marginal loss, as the particle size increased from 120 to 250 μm, marginal loss also increased. Finishing of casting margins after sandblasting also induced vertical marginal loss.

How to cite this article
Yadav B, Malhotra P, Nadiger R, Yadav H. Effect of Air Abrasion on the Marginal Configuration of Titanium Crowns after Casting. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2013;3(4):131-135.