bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The forgotten other of digital TV – from maquila to landfill
Authors: Miller Toby 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
When we think of digital television we think of newness, both in terms of the relatively recent mass conversions from analogue sets that have taken place across much of the globe and an uncertain but potentially exciting future – Apple TV, Google glasses or nano clothing? And will the Internet swallow television, vice versa or none of the above? The next turn remains unclear. But fantasizing it allows us to revel in the cheeky, cheery technological determinism of cybertarians.
Computing support for advanced medical data analysis and imaging
Authors: Wiślicki Wojciech , Bednarski Tomasz , Białas Piotr , Czerwiński Eryk , Kapłon Łukasz , Kochanowski Andrzej , Korcyl Grzegorz , Kowal Jakub , Kowalski Paweł , Kozik Tomasz , Krzemień Wojciech , Molenda Marcin , Moskal Paweł , Niedźwiecki Szymon , Pałka Marek , Pawlik-Niedźwiecka Monika , Raczyński Lech , Rudy Zbigniew , Salabura Piotr , Gupta Sharma Neha , Silarski Michał , Słomski Artur , Smyrski Jerzy , Strzelecki Adam , Wieczorek Anna , Zieliński Marcin , Zoń Natalia 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
We discuss computing issues for data analysis and image reconstruction of positron emission tomography based on time-of-flight medical scanner or other medical scanning devices producing large volumes of data. Service architecture based on grid and cloud concepts for distributed processing is proposed and critically discussed.
On the dynamical and arithmetic degrees
of rational self-maps of algebraic varieties
Authors: Kawaguchi Shu , Silverman Joseph H. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Let

f
:
X
⤏
X

${f:X\dashrightarrow X}$

be a dominant rational map of a smooth
projective variety defined over a characteristic 0 global field K,
let δ
f
be the dynamical degree of f, and let

h
X

:
X

(

K
¯

)

→

[
1
,
∞
)

${h_X:X({\bar{K}})\rightarrow [1,\infty )}$

be a Weil height relative to an ample
divisor. We prove that for every

ϵ
>
0

${\epsilon &gt;0}$

there is a height bound

h
X

∘

f
n

≪

(

δ
f

+
ϵ
)

n

h
X

,

$
h_X\circ f^n \ll (\delta _f+\epsilon )^n h_X,
$

valid for all points whose f-orbit is well-defined, where the
implied constant depends only on X, hX
, f, and ϵ. An
immediate corollary is a fundamental inequality

α
¯

f

(
P
)

≤

δ
f

${\overline{\alpha }_f(P)\le \delta _f}$

for the upper arithmetic degree. If further f is a morphism and D
is a divisor satisfying an algebraic equivalence

f
*

D
≡
β
D

${f^*D\equiv \beta D}$

for
some

β
>

δ
f

${\beta &gt;\sqrt{\delta _f}}$

, we prove that the canonical height

h
^

f
,
D

=
lim

β

-
n

h
D

∘

f
n

$
{{\hat{h}}_{f,D}=\lim \beta ^{-n}h_D\circ f^n}
$

converges and satisfies

h
^

f
,
D

∘
f
=
β

h
^

f
,
D

${{\hat{h}}_{f,D}\circ f=\beta {\hat{h}}_{f,D}}$

and

h
^

f
,
D

=

h
D

+
O

(

h
X

)

${{\hat{h}}_{f,D}=h_D+O(\sqrt{h_X})}$

. We also prove that the
arithmetic degree

α
f

(
P
)

${\alpha _f(P)}$

, if it exists, gives the main term in the
height counting function for the f-orbit of P. We conjecture that

α
¯

f

(
P
)

=

δ
f

${\overline{\alpha }_f(P)=\delta _f}$

whenever the f-orbit of P is Zariski dense and
describe some cases for which we can prove our conjecture.
Engineering light-matter interaction for emerging optical manipulation applications
Authors: Qiu Cheng-Wei , Palima Darwin , Novitsky Andrey , Gao Dongliang , Ding Weiqiang , Zhukovsky Sergei V. , Gluckstad Jesper 
Published: April 2014

AbstractIn this review, we explore recent trends in optical micromanipulation by engineering light-matter interaction and controlling the mechanical effects of optical fields. One central theme is exploring the rich phenomena beyond the now established precision measurements based on trapping micro beads with tightly focused beams. Novel synthesized beams, exploiting the linear and angular momentum of light, open new possibilities in optical trapping and micromanipulation. Similarly, novel structures are promising to enable new optical micromanipulation modalities. Moreover, an overview of the amazing features of the optics of tractor beams and backward-directed energy fluxes will be presented. Recently the so-called effect of negative propagation of the beams (existence of the backward energy fluxes) has been confirmed for X-waves and Airy beams. In the review, we will also discuss the negative pulling force of structured beams and negative energy fluxes in the vicinity of fibers. The effect is achieved due to the interaction of multipoles or, in another interpretation, the momentum conservation. Both backward-directed Poynting vector and backward optical forces are counter-intuitive and give an insight into new physics and technologies. Exploiting the degrees of freedom in synthesizing novel beams and designed microstructures offer attractive prospects for emerging optical manipulation applications.
Damage behavior of potting materials in sandwich composites with pinned joints
Authors: Atas Cesim , Basmaci Alper 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The damage behavior of the potting materials around a pinhole, being used in the mechanical joints of sandwich composites, is investigated experimentally. The sandwich composite panels used in the tests were manufactured by the vacuum-assisted resin infusion technique. Each of the top and bottom face sheets of the panels consisted of two woven E-glass/epoxy layers. As the core material, PVC foam (AIREX® C70.55) was used. The potting material consists of an epoxy resin and hardener system mixed with short E-glass fibers (4 wt%). The diameter of the potting material
D
and the edge distance to the center of pinhole
E
were considered as the two main varied dimensions. They were chosen as
D=10, 12, 15, and 18 mm and
E=15, 20, and 25 mm. The damage mechanisms of the potting material and sandwich sections are presented by using load-displacement variations and images of the damaged samples, subjected to in-plane pin loading.
Modular Peptide-Based Hybrid Nanoprobes for Bio-Imaging and Bio-Sensing
Authors: Karaca Banu Taktak , Meyer James , VanOosten Sarah , Richter Mark , Tamerler Candan 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe self-organization of functional proteins directly onto solid materials is attractive to a wide range of biomaterials and systems that need to accommodate a biological recognition element. In such systems, inorganic binding peptides may be an essential component due to their high affinity and selective binding features onto different types of solid surfaces. This study demonstrates a peptide-enabled self-assembly technique for designing well-defined protein arrays over a metal surface. To illustrate this concept, we designed a fusion protein that simultaneously displays a red fluorescence protein (DsRed-monomer), which is highly selective for copper ions, and a gold binding peptide AuBP. The peptide tag, AuBP, self-directs the organization of DsRed-monomer protein onto a gold surface and forms arrays built upon an efficient control of the organic/inorganic interface at the molecular level. The peptide-assisted design offers a modular approach for fabrication of fluorescent-based protein arrays with copper ion sensing ability.
Low-Cost, Experimental Curriculum in Materials Science Using Candy Glass Part 2: Home-Built Apparatuses
Authors: Heffner William R. , Jain Himanshu 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTWe have been developing a collection of low-cost experiments for exploring the science of glassy materials through hands-on activities with sucrose based glass (a.k.a. hard candy). These form a mini-curriculum of glass science, consisting of inter-related experiments and home built apparatuses. It provides an environment to develop an understanding of glassy materials through active, prolonged engagement. Some of our earlier experiments were reported four years ago[1]. Since that report we have made substantial improvements and added new topics, including electrical and thermal conductivity, an improved DTA apparatus, and improved methodology for crystallization kinetics. All of our experiments are designed to be low-cost (typically <$100) and the apparatuses are designed for construction by students or teachers.
Bevacizumab in Treatment of High-Risk Ovarian Cancer—A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
Authors: Chan John K. , Herzog Thomas J. , Hu Lilian , Monk Bradley J. , Kiet Tuyen , Blansit Kevin , Kapp Daniel S. , Yu Xinhua 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Objective.
The objective of this study was to evaluate a cost-effectiveness strategy of bevacizumab in a subset of high-risk advanced ovarian cancer patients with survival benefit.

Methods.
A subset analysis of the International Collaboration on Ovarian Neoplasms 7 trial showed that additions of bevacizumab (B) and maintenance bevacizumab (mB) to paclitaxel (P) and carboplatin (C) improved the overall survival (OS) of high-risk advanced cancer patients. Actual and estimated costs of treatment were determined from Medicare payment. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio per life-year saved was established.

Results.
The estimated cost of PC is $535 per cycle; PCB + mB (7.5 mg/kg) is $3,760 per cycle for the first 6 cycles and then $3,225 per cycle for 12 mB cycles. Of 465 high-risk stage IIIC (&gt;1 cm residual) or stage IV patients, the previously reported OS after PC was 28.8 months versus 36.6 months in those who underwent PCB + mB. With an estimated 8-month improvement in OS, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of B was $167,771 per life-year saved.

Conclusion.
In this clinically relevant subset of women with high-risk advanced ovarian cancer with overall survival benefit after bevacizumab, our economic model suggests that the incremental cost of bevacizumab was approximately $170,000.
LADA and CARDS: A Prospective Study of Clinical Outcome in Established Adult-Onset Autoimmune Diabetes
Authors: Hawa Mohammed Iqbal , Buchan Ana Paula , Ola Thomas , Wun Chuan Chuan , DeMicco David A. , Bao Weihang , Betteridge D. John , Durrington Paul N. , Fuller John H. , Neil H. Andrew W. , Colhoun Helen , Leslie Richard David , Hitman Graham A. 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE
Diabetes-associated autoantibodies can be detected in adult-onset diabetes, even when initially non–insulin requiring, i.e., with latent autoimmune diabetes. We aimed to identify adult-onset autoimmune diabetes in patients with established “type 2 diabetes” participating in the Collaborative Atorvastatin Diabetes Study (CARDS) to characterize their phenotype and clinical outcome.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We prospectively studied 2,425 European patients with presumed type 2 diabetes (mean age 62 years, diabetes duration 7.9 years) for outcomes at 3.9 years after randomization to either atorvastatin or placebo. Subjects were screened for autoantibodies to GAD (GADA), insulinoma-associated antigen-2 (IA-2A), and zinc-transporter 8 (ZnT8A).

RESULTS
A total of 173 patients (7.1%) had GADA, of whom 11 (0.5%) and 5 (0.2%) were also positive for IA-2A and ZnT8A, respectively. At baseline, 44% of GADA-positive patients were not on insulin. Fewer autoantibody-positive than autoantibody-negative patients had metabolic syndrome (64 vs. 80%), and more were on insulin (56 vs. 17%) (P &lt; 0.0001 for each) without lower HbA1c (69 mmol/mol [8.5%] vs. 62 mmol/mol [7.8%]). The frequency of microvascular and macrovascular events was similar in both cohorts, independent of atorvastatin.

CONCLUSIONS
Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes was prevalent, even in patients with established diabetes presumed to have type 2 diabetes. After 11.8 years’ diabetes duration, nearly half the patients with autoimmune diabetes were not on insulin treatment and almost two-thirds had metabolic syndrome. The type of diabetes, whether autoimmune diabetes or type 2 diabetes, did not impact the risk of microvascular disease.
The Effects of a Mediterranean Diet on the Need for Diabetes Drugs and Remission of Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes: Follow-up of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Esposito Katherine , Maiorino Maria Ida , Petrizzo Michela , Bellastella Giuseppe , Giugliano Dario 
Published: April 2014

OBJECTIVE
To assess the long-term effects of dietary interventions on glycemic control, need for diabetes medications, and remission of type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Originally, in a two-arm trial design, overweight, middle-aged men and women with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes were randomized to a low-carbohydrate Mediterranean diet (LCMD; n = 108) or a low-fat diet (n = 107). After 4 years, participants who were still free of diabetes medications were further followed up until the primary end point (need of a diabetic drug); remission of diabetes (partial or complete) and changes in weight, glycemic control, and cardiovascular risk factors were also evaluated.

RESULTS
The primary end point was reached in all participants after a total follow-up of 6.1 years in the low-fat group and 8.1 years in the LCMD group; median survival time was 2.8 years (95% CI 2.4–3.2) and 4.8 years (4.3–5.2), respectively. The unadjusted hazard ratio for the overall follow-up was 0.68 (0.50–0.89; P &lt; 0.001). LCMD participants were more likely to experience any remission (partial or complete), with a prevalence of 14.7% (13.0–16.5%) during the first year and 5.0% (4.4–5.6%) during year 6 compared with 4.1% (3.1–5.0%) at year 1 and 0% at year 6 in the low-fat diet group.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, an LCMD resulted in a greater reduction of HbA1c levels, higher rate of diabetes remission, and delayed need for diabetes medication compared with a low-fat diet.
OPTIMAL MULTIOBJECTIVE DESIGN OF DIGITAL FILTERS USING TAGUCHI OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Ouadi Abderrahmane , Bentarzi Hamid , Recioui Abdelmadjid 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The multiobjective design of digital filters using the powerful Taguchi optimization technique is considered in this paper. This relatively new optimization tool has been recently introduced to the field of engineering and is based on orthogonal arrays. It is characterized by its robustness, immunity to local optima trapping, relative fast convergence and ease of implementation. The objectives of filter design include matching some desired frequency response while having minimum linear phase; hence, reducing the time response. The results demonstrate that the proposed problem solving approach blended with the use of the Taguchi optimization technique produced filters that fulfill the desired characteristics and are of practical use.
EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZATION OF SLITTED–CORE INDUCTION MOTOR
Authors: Yetgin Asim Gökhan , Turan Mustafa 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
In this study, a 3kW squirrel cage induction motor having slits in stator and rotor teeth were examined. The slit depth and width in the 56 different slitted motor models were optimized with Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM) software by using Finite Elements Method (FEM). What value the depth and width of optimum slit should be was determined in order to obtain maximum motor efficiency in the new motor models created with the proposed slitted structure, and how the depth and width of slit could affect the performance of motor was demonstrated.
EGFR-expression in primary urinary bladder cancer and corresponding metastases and the relation to HER2-expression. On the possibility to target these receptors with radionuclides
Authors: Carlsson Jörgen , Wester Kenneth , De La Torre Manuel , Malmström Per-Uno , Gårdmark Truls 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background. There is limited effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors or “naked” antibodies binding EGFR or HER2 for therapy of metastasized urinary bladder cancer and these methods are therefore not routinely used. Targeting radionuclides to the extracellular domain of the receptors is potentially a better possibility.
Methods. EGFR- and HER2-expression was analyzed for primary tumors and corresponding metastases from 72 patients using immunohistochemistry and the internationally recommended HercepTest. Intracellular mutations were not analyzed since only the receptors were considered as targets and intracellular abnormalities should have minor effect on radiation dose.
Results. EGFR was positive in 71% of the primary tumors and 69% of corresponding metastases. Local and distant metastases were EGFR-positive in 75% and 66% of the cases, respectively. The expression frequency of HER2 in related lesions was slightly higher (data from previous study). The EGFR-positive tumors expressed EGFR in metastases in 86% of the cases. The co-expression of EGFR and HER2 was 57% for tumors and 53% for metastases. Only 3% and 10% of the lesions were negative for both receptors in tumors and metastases, respectively. Thus, targeting these receptors with radionuclides might be applied for most patients.
Conclusions. At least one of the EGFR- or HER2-receptors was present in most cases and co-expressed in more than half the cases. It is therefore interesting to deliver radionuclides for whole-body receptor-analysis, dosimetry and therapy. This can hopefully compensate for resistance to other therapies and more patients can hopefully be treated with curative instead of palliative intention.
Molecularly targeting the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway can sensitize cancer cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Ziwen , Huang Yujung , Zhang Jiqiang 
Published: April 2014

AbstractRadiotherapy and chemotherapeutic agents that damage DNA are the current major non-surgical means of treating cancer. However, many patients develop resistances to chemotherapy drugs in their later lives. The PI3K and Ras signaling pathways are deregulated in most cancers, so molecularly targeting PI3K-Akt or Ras-MAPK signaling sensitizes many cancer types to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be determined. During the multi-step processes of tumorigenesis, cancer cells gain the capability to disrupt the cell cycle checkpoint and increase the activity of CDK4/6 by disrupting the PI3K, Ras, p53, and Rb signaling circuits. Recent advances have demonstrated that PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling controls FANCD2 and ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). FANCD2 plays an important role in the resistance of cells to DNA damage agents and the activation of DNA damage checkpoints, while RNR is critical for the completion of DNA replication and repair in response to DNA damage and replication stress. Regulation of FANCD2 and RNR suggests that cancer cells depend on PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling for survival in response to DNA damage, indicating that the PI3K-AktmTOR pathway promotes resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy by enhancing DNA damage repair.
Hydrogen in Metals: A Systematic Overview
Authors: Pohl M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Hydrogen can damage metallic components in very different ways. In liquid phase metallurgical processes such as casting and welding, as a result of the dramatic reduction in the solubility of gases on solidification, gas bubbles can form causing porosity which particularly in conjunction with Hydrogen induced cracking, form “fish-eyes“ acting as dangerous internal stress raisers. This type of cracking, without the presence of porosity, which is also known as “flaking“, can occur equally in thin steel wires only a few μm in diameter and in large 100 tonne steel forgings, in both cases significantly detrimentally affecting both the manufacturing and service behaviour of the component.
Apart from metallurgical sources, semi-finished and finished components can also absorb Hydrogen from galvanic processes and as a result of corrosion. In these cases the Hydrogen diffuses into regions of higher stress and strain causing cracking, often unexpectedly and after significant periods of time.
Long-term follow-up of unruptured intracranial aneurysms repaired in California
Authors: Gonda David D. , Khalessi Alexander A. , McCutcheon Brandon A. , Marcus Logan P. , Noorbakhsh Abraham , Chen Clark C. , Chang David C. , Carter Bob S. 
Published: April 2014

Object
Using a database that enabled longitudinal follow-up, the authors assessed the long-term outcomes of unruptured cerebral aneurysms repaired by clipping or coiling.

Methods
An observational analysis of the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) database, which follows patients longitudinally in time and through multiple hospitalizations, was performed for all patients initially treated for an unruptured cerebral aneurysm in the period from 1998 to 2005 and with follow-up data through 2009.

Results
Nine hundred forty-four cases (36.5%) were treated with endovascular coiling, 1565 cases (60.5%) were surgically clipped, and 76 cases were treated with both coiling and clipping. There was no significant difference in any demographic variable between the two treatment groups except for age (median: 55 years for the clipped group, 58 years for the coiled group, p < 0.001). Perioperative (30-day) mortality was 1.1% in patients with coiled aneurysms compared with 2.3% in those with clipped aneurysms (p = 0.048). The median follow-up was 7 years (range 4–12 years). At the last follow-up, 153 patients (16.2%) in the coiled group had died compared with 244 (15.6%) in the clipped group (p = 0.693). The adjusted hazard ratio for death at the long-term follow-up was 1.14 (95% CI 0.9–1.4, p = 0.282) for patients with endovascularly treated aneurysms. The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage was similar in the two treatment groups (5.9% clipped vs 4.8% coiled, p = 0.276). One hundred ninety-three patients (20.4%) with coiled aneurysms underwent additional hospitalizations for aneurysm repair procedures compared with only 136 patients (8.7%) with clipped aneurysms (p < 0.001). Cumulative hospital costs per patient for admissions involving aneurysm repair procedures were greater in the clipped group (median cost $98,260 vs $81,620, p < 0.001) through the follow-up.

Conclusions
For unruptured cerebral aneurysms, an observed perioperative survival advantage for endovascular coiling relative to that for surgical clipping was lost on long-term follow-up, according to data from an administrative database of patients who were not randomly allocated to treatment type. A cost advantage of endovascular treatment was maintained even though endovascularly treated patients were more likely to undergo subsequent hospitalizations for additional aneurysm repair procedures. Rates of aneurysm rupture following treatment were similar in the two groups.