bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Internal–External Motor Imagery and Skilled Motor Actions
Authors: Fontani Giuliano , Migliorini Silvia , Lodi Leda , De Martino Enrico , Solidakis Nektarios , Corradeschi Fausto 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the movement-related brain macropotentials (MRBMs) recorded during the execution of two tests of motor imagery: kinaesthetic (internal) and visual (external). Recordings were compared with those obtained performing a GO/NOGO motor test. The GO test required pressure of three keys of a modified keyboard in sequence when a figure appeared in the computer screen. On NOGO trials no button had to be pressed. Motor imagery tests were an internal or kinaesthetic imagination test (IN MI) on which participants imagined performing the pressure of keyboard buttons, avoiding any real movement, and an external or visual imagination test (EX MI) on which subjects were asked to imagine seeing their finger press the buttons. With the completion of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire, the participants were assigned into two groups: high (11) and low (10) capacity of imagination. The results showed an increase in the amplitude of the MRBMs wave occurring in the prestimulus period of imagination, with respect to real motor action. In the poststimulus period, the amplitude and duration of the waves recorded during motor action were higher than those recorded during the motor imagery tests. The comparison between EX and IN MI showed a lower latency and a higher amplitude of the brain waves recorded during internal motor imagery with respect to those observed during EX MI. The experimental data confirm that real motor activity is related to higher amplitude MRBMs than motor imagery. The profile of the waves recorded during internal imagery seems to be related to a higher brain involvement compared to those recorded during external visual imagery; it suggest that the kinaesthetic process of imagination is more efficient in information processing and motor skill acquisition.
THRA and DIO2 mutations are unlikely to be a common cause of increased bone mineral density in euthyroid post-menopausal women
Authors: Gogakos Apostolos , Logan John G , Waung Julian A , Bassett J H Duncan , Glüer Claus C , Reid David M , Felsenberg Dieter , Roux Christian , Eastell Richard , Williams Graham R 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveA new autosomal dominant disorder due to mutation of THRA, which encodes thyroid hormone receptor α, is characterised by severely delayed skeletal development but only slightly abnormal thyroid status. Adult mice with disrupted thyroid hormone action in bone due to a mutation of Thra or deletion of Dio2, encoding the type 2 deiodinase, have high bone mass and mineralisation despite essentially euthyroid status. No individuals with DIO2 mutations have been described and the adult phenotype of patients with THRA mutations is largely unknown. We hypothesised that screening euthyroid adults with high bone mineral density (BMD) could be used to identify individuals with mutations of THRA or DIO2.DesignThe Osteoporosis and Ultrasound Study (OPUS) is a 6-year prospective study of fracture-related factors from five European centres.MethodsA cohort of 100 healthy euthyroid post-menopausal women with the highest BMD was selected from the OPUS population. We sequenced the intron–exon boundaries and critical exons of THRA and DIO2 in these subjects. TSH, free 3,5,3′-l-triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and bone turnover marker concentrations, and BMD measurements were available in all OPUS participants.ResultsNo coding sequence or splice site mutations affecting THRA or DIO2 were identified.ConclusionsMutations affecting THRA or DIO2 are not a common cause of high BMD in healthy euthyroid post-menopausal women.
Influence of Microsatellite Instability and KRAS and BRAF Mutations on Lymph Node Harvest in Stage I–III Colon Cancers
Authors: Berg Marianne , Guriby Marianne , Nordgård Oddmund , Nedrebø Bjørn S. , Ahlquist Terje C. , Smaaland Rune , Oltedal Satu , Søreide Jon Arne , Kørner Hartwig , Lothe Ragnhild A. , Søreide Kjetil 
Published: January 2014

AbstractLymph node (LN) harvest is influenced by several factors, including tumor genetics. Microsatellite instability (MSI) is associated with improved node harvest, but the association to other genetic factors is largely unknown. Research methods included a prospective series of stage I-III colon cancer patients undergoing ex vivo sentinel-node sampling. The presence of MSI, KRAS mutations in codons 12 and 13, and BRAFV600E mutations was analyzed. Uni- and multivariate regression models for node sampling were adjusted for clinical, pathological and molecular features. Of 204 patients, 67% had an adequate harvest (≥12 nodes). Adequate harvest was highest in patients whose tumors exhibited MSI (79%; odds ratio (OR) 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2–4.9; P = 0.007) or were located in the proximal colon (73%; 2.8, 1.5–5.3; P = 0.002). In multiple linear regression, MSI was a significant predictor of the total LN count (P= 0.02). Total node count was highest for cancers with MSI and no KRAS/BRAF mutations. The independent association between MSI and a high LN count persisted for stage I and II cancers (P= 0.04). Tumor location in the proximal colon was the only significant predictor of an adequate LN harvest (adjusted OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.9; P = 0.01). An increase in the total number of nodes harvested was not associated with an increase in nodal metastasis. In conclusion, number of nodes harvested is highest for cancers of the proximal colon and with MSI. The nodal harvest associated with MSI is influenced by BRAF and KRAS genotypes, even for cancers of proximal location. Mechanisms behind the molecular diversity and node yield should be further explored.
Short Fiber Reinforced Composite: a New Alternative for Direct Onlay Restorations
Authors: Garoushi Sufyan , Mangoush Enas , Vallittu Mangoush , Lassila Lippo 
Published: January 2014

Objectives:
To determine the static load-bearing capacity of direct composite onlay restorations made of novel
filling composite resin system which combines short fiber-reinforced composite resin (FC) and conventional particulate
filler composite resin (PFC).

Methods:
Three groups of onlay restorations were fabricated (n = 8/group); Group A: made from conventional particulate
filler composite resin (Z250, 3M-ESPE, USA, control), Group B: made from short fiber-reinforced composite resin
(EverX posterior, StickTeck Ltd, member of GC group, Turku, Finland) as substructure with 1 mm surface layer of PFC,
Group C: made from FC composite resin. The specimens were incrementally polymerized with a hand-light curing unit
for 80 s before they were statically loaded with two different sizes (3 & 6 mm) of steel ball until fracture. Failure modes
were visually examined. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (p = 0.05).

Results:
ANOVA revealed that onlay restorations made from FC composite resin had statistically significantly higher
load-bearing capacity (1733 N) ( p < 0.05) than the control PFC composite resin (1081 N). Onlays made of FC composite
resin with a surface layer of PFC gave force values of 1405 N which was statistically higher than control group ( p <
0.05). No statistically significant difference was found in the load-bearing capacity between groups loaded by different
ball sizes

Significance:
Onlay restorations combining base of short fiber reinforced composite resin as substructure and surface
layer of conventional composite resin displayed promising performance in high load bearing areas.
Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells and their application in experimental embryology
Authors: Opiela J. , Samiec M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The efficiency of somatic cell cloning (somatic cell nuclear transfer; SCNT) as well as in vitro fertilization/in vitro embryo production (IVF/IVP) in mammals stay at relatively same level for over a decade. Despite plenty of different approaches none satisfactory break-through took place. In this article, we briefly summarize the implementation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for experimental embryology. The advantages of using MSCs as nuclear donors in somatic cell cloning and in vitro embryo culture are described. The description of results obtained with these cells in mammalian embryo genomic engineering is presented.
Magnetic resonance imaging assisted with fine needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of fibrosarcomas of the skull in dogs
Authors: Zhalniarovich Y. , Adamiak Z. , Przyborowska P. , Otrocka-Domagała D. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Five canine patients were directed to low-field magnetic resonance imaging due to different neurological defects. In each case there were heterogeneous extraaxial masses covering left or right dorsal parietal and occipital lobes that were isointense to the brain on T1-weighted Spin Echo images, isointense to hypointense to the brain on T2-weighted Fast Spin Echo sequences and hypointense to the brain on Flair sequence. After MRI study fine needle aspiration biopsy of the tumors was performed. On the basis of the cytological examination fibrosarcomas with of moderate malignancy were diagnosed.
Airborne contact dermatitis and asthma in a nail art operator
Authors: Vaccaro Mario , Guarneri Fabrizio , Barbuzza Olga , Cannavò Serafinella 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNail art (creation and decoration of artificial nails) is a growing fashion trend. Proportionally to its popularity, the number of allergic reactions to the materials used has recently increased. We report the case of a nail art operator who developed occupational allergy to acrylates, manifested with the unusual simultaneous presence of asthma and dermatitis. Cutaneous lesions only affected areas not covered by individual protection devices or clothes, even if such areas were not in direct contact with acrylates, suggesting airborne allergic contact dermatitis. While respiratory problems were solved with the correct use of a mask at the workplace, facial dermatitis proved impossible to avoid or control and, for this reason, the patient had to change her work.
A new species of Hemipenthes LOEW (Diptera: Bombyliidae: Anthracinae) from Miocene Dominican amber
Authors: Evenhuis Neal L. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTA new species of the genus Hemipenthes LOEW, H. dominicana sp. n. is described and illustrated from the Miocene Dominican amber. This marks the first record of this genus and the subfamily Anthracinae from Dominican amber.
Static and Dynamic Plantar Pressures in Children With and Without Sever Disease: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo Ricardo , Losa-Iglesias Marta E. , Rodriguez-Sanz David 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundCalcaneal apophysitis (Sever disease) has been reported to be the most common cause of heel pain in athletic children.ObjectiveThe study aim was to compare plantar pressure, plantar surface contact area, distribution of body weight across the lower extremities, and prevalence of gastrocnemius ankle equinus and gastrocnemius-soleus ankle equinus (which can cause decreases in ankle dorsiflexion range of motion) in children with and without Sever disease.DesignThis was a case-control study.MethodsParticipants were 56 male students enrolled in a soccer academy. Twenty-eight participants had Sever disease (Sever disease group), and 28 participants were healthy (control group). Dynamic and static peak plantar pressures, plantar surface contact area, and body weight distribution were assessed with pedobarography. A goniometer was used to assess gastrocnemius and gastrocnemius-soleus ankle dorsiflexion range of motion.ResultsBoth maximum and average peak pressures and percentages of body weight supported by each heel were significantly higher in the symptomatic feet of participants in the Sever disease group than in the control group. Twenty-six participants with Sever disease but only 8 participants in the control group exhibited bilateral gastrocnemius ankle equinus.LimitationsA limitation of the study is that measurements were obtained from participants who were symptomatic.ConclusionsHigher heel plantar pressures under dynamic and static conditions appear to be associated with Sever disease. It is unclear, however, whether these higher pressures are a predisposing factor contributing to the disease or a result of the condition. Gastrocnemius ankle equinus also may be a predisposing factor for Sever disease. Further research is needed to identify other biomechanical factors associated with the disease to enhance prevention and treatment strategies.
A Comparative Study On 136 Opioid Abusers In India and Nepal
Authors: Aich TK , Saha I , Ram D , Ranjan S , Subedi S 
Published: January 2014

Background: Though opioid abuse is a common clinical entity, only few published articles are available in Nepal. Aim: To compare the pattern of drugs and opioid abuse amongst patients at two de-addiction centres in India and Nepal Methods: Seventy-six opioid abusers at CIP, Ranchi, India and 60 opioid abusers at UCMS, Bhairahawa, Nepal were recruited for the present study. Demographic and clinical profiles of patients at these two places are studied and compared. Results: Mean age of patients at Bhairahawa, Nepal was significantly lower than their counterpart in Ranchi. While majority of patients at Ranchi reported alone for treatment, patients at Bhairahawa were mostly accompanied by their guardians/relatives or friends. Patients at Ranchi had more lifetime diagnosis of opioid abuse while patients at Nepal had more lifetime diagnosis of poly-substance abuse. Patients at Bhairahawa, Nepal had significantly more history of Injectable drug abuse and had more history of IDU related side effects. Approximately 40% of opioid abusers in Nepal centre responded that the opportunity to work abroad was the highest motivating factor for seeking treatment. Opioid withdrawal delirium appeared to a valid clinical entity with history of 5 cases and 2 cases of withdrawal delirium in Ranchi and Bhairahawa center respectively. Symptom of "Koro" during opioid withdrawal period was reported by at least one patient each at Ranchi and Nepal center. Conclusions: Opioid abusers at both the centres appear to have similar social and clinical characteristics except on few social and clinical parameters. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9719 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 11-17
The study of Psychiatric Disorders in patients with Thyroid Disorder at the tertiary care centre in Western Region of Nepal
Authors: Thapa DK , Upadhyaya TL , Lamichhane N , Subedi S 
Published: January 2014

Background:Recent advances in biotechnology have led to an improved understanding of the impact of thyroid functions on the adult, mature brain. This development has been particularly helpful in elucidating the role of thyroid hormones in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of various psychiatric disorders in adult patients affected by different thyroid disorders. Methods and materials:This was a descriptive, cross- sectional, hospital based and a collaborative study between the internal medicine and the psychiatry department at Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal. Based on the ICD- 10 psychiatric diagnosis, 60 consecutive consenting subjects of any gender above 18 years of age were included in the study. The duration of the study was 6 months. Results:The total numbers of subjects enrolled in the study were 60. The female consisted of 81.7% (49). The mean age was 39.62 ± 12.85 years. Regarding the thyroid disorder; 76.7% (46) had hypothyroidism, 15% (9) had sub clinical hypothyroidism, and both the hyperthyroidism and Hashimoto thyroiditis were found in 3.3% (2) of the cases while papillary carcinoma was found in 1.7% (1) case. Determination of psychiatric co-morbidity showed that; greater numbers of the subjects i.e. 48.3% (29) had neurotic, stress- related and somatoform disorders (F40- F48), 26.7% (16) had mood (affective) disorder (F30- F39), 13.3% (8) had simultaneously two psychiatric disorder, 10% (6) had headache and only 1.7% (1) had lack or loss of sexual desire (F52.0). Conclusion: Compared to males, Females are more likely to have thyroid disorder. Clinician has to be alert to the possible underlying psychiatric disorder in subjects with any thyroid disorder. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9723 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 29-34
Assessment of a noninvasive cerebral oxygenation monitor in patients with severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Rosenthal Guy , Furmanov Alex , Itshayek Eyal , Shoshan Yigal , Singh Vineeta 
Published: January 2014

Object
Development of a noninvasive monitor to assess cerebral oxygenation has long been a goal in neurocritical care. The authors evaluated the feasibility and utility of a noninvasive cerebral oxygenation monitor, the CerOx 3110, which uses near-infrared spectroscopy and ultrasound to measure regional cerebral tissue oxygenation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and compared measurements obtained using this device to those obtained using invasive cerebral monitoring.

Methods
Patients with severe TBI admitted to the intensive care unit at Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital requiring intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and advanced neuromonitoring were included in this study. The authors assessed 18 patients with severe TBI using the CerOx monitor and invasive advanced cerebral monitors.

Results
The mean age of the patients was 45.3 ± 23.7 years and the median Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission was 5 (interquartile range 3–7). Eight patients underwent unilateral decompressive hemicraniectomy and 1 patient underwent craniotomy. Sixteen patients underwent insertion of a jugular bulb venous catheter, and 18 patients underwent insertion of a Licox brain tissue oxygen monitor. The authors found a strong correlation (r = 0.60, p < 0.001) between the jugular bulb venous saturation from the venous blood gas and the CerOx measure of regional cerebral tissue saturation on the side ipsilateral to the catheter. A multivariate analysis revealed that among the physiological parameters of mean arterial blood pressure, ICP, brain tissue oxygen tension, and CerOx measurements on the ipsilateral and contralateral sides, only ipsilateral CerOx measurements were significantly correlated to jugular bulb venous saturation (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Measuring regional cerebral tissue oxygenation with the CerOx monitor in a noninvasive manner is feasible in patients with severe TBI in the neurointensive care unit. The correlation between the CerOx measurements and the jugular bulb venous measurements of oxygen saturation indicate that the CerOx may be able to provide an estimation of cerebral oxygenation status in a noninvasive manner.
An extent of resection threshold for recurrent glioblastoma and its risk for neurological morbidity
Authors: Oppenlander Mark E. , Wolf Andrew B. , Snyder Laura A. , Bina Robert , Wilson Jeffrey R. , Coons Stephen W. , Ashby Lynn S. , Brachman David , Nakaji Peter , Porter Randall W. , Smith Kris A. , Spetzler Robert F. , Sanai Nader 
Published: January 2014

Object
Despite improvements in the medical and surgical management of patients with glioblastoma, tumor recurrence remains inevitable. For recurrent glioblastoma, however, the clinical value of a second resection remains uncertain. Specifically, what proportion of contrast-enhancing recurrent glioblastoma tissue must be removed to improve overall survival and what is the neurological cost of incremental resection beyond this threshold?

Methods
The authors identified 170 consecutive patients with recurrent supratentorial glioblastomas treated at the Barrow Neurological Institute from 2001 to 2011. All patients previously had a de novo glioblastoma and following their initial resection received standard temozolomide and fractionated radiotherapy.

Results
The mean clinical follow-up was 22.6 months and no patient was lost to follow-up. At the time of recurrence, the median preoperative tumor volume was 26.1 cm3. Following re-resection, median postoperative tumor volume was 3.1 cm3, equating to an 87.4% extent of resection (EOR). The median overall survival was 19.0 months, with a median progression-free survival following re-resection of 5.2 months. Using Cox proportional hazards analysis, the variables of age, Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) score, and EOR were predictive of survival following repeat resection (p = 0.0001). Interestingly, a significant survival advantage was noted with as little as 80% EOR. Recursive partitioning analysis validated these findings and provided additional risk stratification at the highest levels of EOR. Overall, at 7 days after surgery, a deterioration in the NIH stroke scale score by 1 point or more was observed in 39.1% of patients with EOR ≥ 80% as compared with 16.7% for those with EOR < 80% (p = 0.0049). This disparity in neurological morbidity, however, did not endure beyond 30 days postoperatively (p = 0.1279).

Conclusions
For recurrent glioblastomas, an improvement in overall survival can be attained beyond an 80% EOR. This survival benefit must be balanced against the risk of neurological morbidity, which does increase with more aggressive cytoreduction, but only in the early postoperative period. Interestingly, this putative EOR threshold closely approximates that reported for newly diagnosed glioblastomas, suggesting that for a subset of patients, the survival benefit of microsurgical resection does not diminish despite biological progression.