bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unraveling the Spatial Patterns of Everyday Life in Chinese Cities – A Comparative Study Between Beijing and Tianjin
Authors: Sheng Qiang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a spatial research on the relationship between street pattern and the vitality of everyday life in the city center of Beijing and Tianjin. It illustrates how traditional street pattern as a hierarchical and introverted spatial structure is transformed by modern development and how this change can affect the use of local places. A detailed mapping of local shops inside 179 urban blocks in Beijing and 114 urban blocks in Tianjin was conducted. The space syntax software was utilized to measure the external and internal spatial conditions involved in the emergence and clustering of these shops. The findings suggest that even in the imported regular grid structure, local Chinese inhabitants still appropriate these extroverted spaces in an introverted way.
Understanding the Role of Communication in Promoting Active and Activist Citizenship
Authors: Hammett Daniel 
Published: September 2014

AbstractState and nation‐building practices are central to governments around the world. The definition of citizenship – of who does and does not belong, and the rights, obligations and practices associated with being a citizen – is at the crux of these concerns. This article considers what is meant by citizenship and explores the ways in which government ideals of the ‘active’ citizen are negotiated and translated by citizens in everyday life, often resulting in the emergence of the ‘activist’ citizen. Particular attention is paid to the ways in which the idea(l)s of citizenship are communicated and contested, not only by governments through citizenship education and citizenship tests but also by civil society and citizens who draw upon multiple influences to contest and makes claims to citizenship in ways that disrupt government ideas of ‘good citizenship’. Of growing concern to these negotiations are the ways in which multiple stakeholders use new technologies and social media to in engage in, and mobilise around, debates about values, meanings and practices of citizenship.
Environmental Governance at the Core of Statecraft: Unresolved Questions and Inbuilt Tensions
Authors: Ioris Antonio Augusto Rossotto 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe state is not only a main environmental player, but its involvement in environmental regulation has major consequences for the dynamics of statecraft. Environmental governance is the expression that better summarises the ongoing transformations of state interventions and the search for more flexible, adaptive approaches. A growing body of scholarly work has tried to establish the connections between the failures of environmental governance and the wider commitments of the state. What is largely missing in those studies is the synergy between environmental governance and the statecraft model put forward by Hegel in the early period of the industrial, liberal capitalism. Recent environmental policies have been particularly influenced by the Hegelian constitutional theory, especially considering the pursuit of legitimacy and flexibility. Consequently, the central challenge for geographers and other scholars of environmental governance is still to identify the changes in the rationale and configuration of the state apparatus and relate them to the wider political ecology of state action.
The Economic Geographies of Aquaculture
Authors: Lim Guanie , Neo Harvey 
Published: September 2014

AbstractFish protein is projected to make up increasing proportions of our protein intake in the years to come with increasing supply coming from aquaculture. Despite its fast increasing economic importance, there is a relative paucity of research on aquaculture from the standpoint of economic geography. This paper contributes to this literature by first reviewing the socio‐economics of certification of fish and the role of aquaculture in economic development – two of the more pervasive research strands in aquaculture. Following that, we show how global commodity chain perspectives can augment geographical research on aquaculture. We argue that despite some shortcomings, the global commodity chain approach is a viable approach to examine the aquaculture industry because of its ability to elucidate the uneven and contested nature of commodity and other resource flows between the production, distribution, and consumption nodes and its potential to analyze the impacts of the wider regulatory and institutional environment on the industry.
Incorporating Super‐Diffusion due to Sub‐Grid Heterogeneity to Capture Non‐Fickian Transport
Authors: Baeumer Boris , Zhang Yong , Schumer Rina 
Published: September 2014

AbstractNumerical transport models based on the advection‐dispersion equation (ADE) are built on the assumption that sub‐grid cell transport is Fickian such that dispersive spreading around the average velocity is symmetric and without significant tailing on the front edge of a solute plume. However, anomalous diffusion in the form of super‐diffusion due to preferential pathways in an aquifer has been observed in field data, challenging the assumption of Fickian dispersion at the local scale. This study develops a fully Lagrangian method to simulate sub‐grid super‐diffusion in a multidimensional regional‐scale transport model by using a recent mathematical model allowing super‐diffusion along the flow direction given by the regional model. Here, the time randomizing procedure known as subordination is applied to flow field output from MODFLOW simulations. Numerical tests check the applicability of the novel method in mapping regional‐scale super‐diffusive transport conditioned on local properties of multidimensional heterogeneous media.
The role of health information kiosks in diverse settings: a systematic review
Authors: Joshi Ashish , Trout Kate 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundPublic access computing through computer kiosks placed in clinical and community settings may help bridge the digital health information divide.ObjectiveThe objective was to examine the current utilisation of computer based health information kiosks in diverse settings. Further, the objective was to examine the locations for health kiosks, kiosk features, application of theoretical framework in the design and development of health kiosks and the outcomes assessed.MethodsA search was conducted using Pubmed and CINAHL with articles published from January 2005 to January 2012. The articles that focused on the use of computer based health information kiosks in community and clinical settings.ResultsThe majority of the 31 articles included in this study were conducted in urban settings (90%; n = 28), clinical settings (58%; n = 18) and focused on child safety (19%; n = 6). Computer‐based tailoring was utilised in majority of the studies (77%; n = 24). However, limited studies described the theoretical frameworks to facilitate this tailoring (42%; n = 13).ConclusionsThe results suggest that health information kiosks are a feasible medium to disseminate health information among various users in clinical and community settings, with high acceptance and satisfaction by users. Theoretical driven interventions are needed to examine long term impacts of health information kiosks especially in rural and underserved populations.
Effect of Electrodeposition Parameters on the Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of ‎DCPD Coatings on Biodegradable Mg–Ca–Zn Alloy
Authors: Bakhsheshi‐Rad Hamid Reza , Hamzah Esah , Saud Safaa N. , Medraj Mamoun 
Published: September 2014

In this study, DCPD (Brushite, CaHPO4.2H2O) coatings were prepared on the surface of a Mg–Ca–Zn alloy using different current density (0.15–1.2 mA/cm2) and deposition time (5–90 min). The results revealed that DCPD with needle‐like morphology was observed for the current density between 0.15 and 0.4 mA/cm2‎, whereas ‎plate‐like morphology was obtained at current density above 0.8 mA/cm2. The results showed that surface roughness increased with increasing current density. The lowest corrosion rate of 0.14 mm/year was obtained for the dense and uniform DCPD coating ‎at 0.4 mA/cm2, while further increase has deleterious effect on the corrosion resistance.
Pustular secondary syphilis: report of three cases and review of the literature
Authors: Kazlouskaya Viktoryia , Wittmann Christa , Tsikhanouskaya Iryna 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundPustular syphilis is an extremely rare manifestation of secondary syphilis. Failure to recognize the disease can have devastating consequences.MethodsWe present three patients with pustular syphilis as the primary manifestation of secondary syphilis.ResultsPatient 1 was initially diagnosed by Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test (titers 1 : 32) and confirmed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for Treponema pallidum. Patient 2 was screened for syphilis by VDRL (titers 1 : 64), yielding a positive result, and tested negative for HIV. Secondary syphilis was confirmed by EIA. In Patient 3, a diagnosis of secondary syphilis was established by VDRL (titers 1 : 128) and EIA. Treponema pallidum was detected by dark field microscopy in three patients. Testing for HIV infection was negative in all patients.ConclusionsDiagnosis in secondary syphilis remains challenging because of the diversity of clinical presentations. The most commonly observed cutaneous presentation is a generalized, non‐pruritic, papulosquamous eruption varying from pink to violaceous to brown, with mucous membrane involvement. The diagnostic methods used to identify secondary syphilis are the same as those used to diagnose other stages of syphilitic infection. The persistence of syphilis in both developed and underdeveloped regions highlights the importance of considering syphilitic infection in the setting of a cutaneous pustular eruption, especially one that fails to respond to standard therapy. Testing for other sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV, should be performed in all patients diagnosed with syphilis.
Dermatologic manifestations of tularemia: a study of 151 cases in the mid‐Anatolian region ofTurkey
Authors: Şenel Engin , Satılmış Özgür , Acar Bilal 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundTularemia is a serious and potentially life‐threatening zoonosis caused byFrancisella tularensis, a highly infective, gram‐negative coccobacillus. Although there are plenty of case reports and studies of tularemia outbreaks, the literature is lacking in reports on dermatologic manifestations of the disease.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify skin manifestations in clinical forms of tularemia.MethodsA total of 151 patients diagnosed with tularemia atÇankırıStateHospital,Çankırı,Turkey, were retrospectively examined. Dermatologic data for these patients were assessed.ResultsThe most frequent clinical manifestation of tularemia was the glandular form (49.7%), followed by the oropharyngeal, ulceroglandular, and oculoglandular forms (39.1, 6.0, and 5.3%, respectively). Physical manifestations were observed in 64.5% of females and 56.9% of males. Lymphadenopathy and tonsillitis were the most frequent physical findings and were noted in 57.6 and 25.2% of patients, respectively. Erythema multiforme was found in 17 patients (11.3%), most of whom presented with the oropharyngeal and glandular forms, and was followed by ulcer (6.0%), urticaria (3.3%), erythema nodosum (2.6%), and cellulitis (0.7%). However, it should be noted that this study was retrospective and that its patient sample demonstrated four of the six clinical forms of tularemia.ConclusionsPatients with the oropharyngeal form of tularemia had statistically significantly more physical findings than those with other clinical forms of the disease (P < 0.001). There were statistically more skin findings in the ulceroglandular form (P < 0.001). There was no statistical correlation between serum antibody titers and cutaneous findings (P = 0.585). Although the literature reports that skin lesions are observed more frequently in women than in men, we did not find any statistically significant difference between the sexes in any type of skin lesion.
Oral Chinese herbal medicine combined with pharmacotherapy for psoriasis vulgaris: a systematic review
Authors: Zhang Claire Shuiqing , Yu Jason Jingjie , Parker Shefton , Zhang Anthony Lin , May Brian , Lu Chuanjian , Xue Charlie Changli 
Published: September 2014

AbstractClinically, oral Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is widely used in the treatment of psoriasis. This review evaluates the effects of oral CHM in combination with pharmacotherapy for psoriasis vulgaris. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, CNKI, and CQVIP were searched from their inceptions to November 2012. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating CHM plus pharmacotherapy compared to pharmacotherapy were included. Data were analyzed using Review Manager 5.1.0. Seventeen RCTs were included, conducted in China, and employed a diversity of both herbal medicines and pharmacotherapies. When the meta‐analyses were restricted to studies that used a well‐known pharmacotherapy as the comparator with 60% or greater clinical improvement in psoriasis as the outcome, five studies used oral acitretin, one used topical calcipotriol, and one used topical clobetasol propionate as control interventions. At the end of treatment, there was a benefit for the pooled result of the five studies that compared CHM plus acitretin with acitretin alone and no serious adverse events were reported. However, none of these studies was blind, so there is considerable risk of bias in this result. In addition, there was inadequate reporting of longer‐term results, so it remains unclear whether the reported effect could be maintained or whether the prolonged use of the CHM in conjunction with acitretin would be safe. The main plants used in these studies, Rehmannia glutinosa root, Salvia miltiorrhiza root, and Lithospermum erythrorhizon root, have shown anti‐inflammatory and/or antiproliferative effects in experimental studies. These actions may at least partially explain the observed results.
Reconstruction of large rectangular infraorbital and malar skin defects in elderly patients with a modified “reading man flap” using local tumescent anesthesia
Authors: Pichler Maria , Deluca Jenny , Tappeiner Lukas , Eisendle Klaus 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe classical “reading man flap” is a recently described flap named after its appearance and mainly used for reconstruction of circular malar or infraorbital skin defects. It avoids surgical complications such as lower lid retraction and ectropion but is limited to circular skin defects. Local tumescent anesthesia uses a diluted local anesthetic together with diluted epinephrine to anesthetize large skin areas without the need for general anesthesia.ObjectivesTo assess the esthetic outcome, pain control, and complications of a modified “reading man flap” under local tumescent anesthesia in elderly patients with rectangular malar or periorbital skin defects.MethodsTwo flaps are used to close the surgical defect, the first rectangular flap is transposed to the defect area, then approximately half to two‐thirds of the flap's donor site are closed directly as done with transposition flaps, whereas a second smaller triangular flap is advanced for the closure of the last third of the remaining now triangular donor site, where the greatest tension would occur if closed directly.ResultsThe median age of patients was 83 years (range 64–92 years) of the total 12 patients, 10 (83%) were women, and two were men. The mean defect size was 9.2 cm2 (5.5–22.1 cm2). The defect closure was possible in all patients, no lasting postoperative complications occurred, and cosmetic results were satisfactory. Twenty to 70 ml of local tumescent anesthesia were used, and a larger volume (≥40 ml) was associated with better pain control (P = 0.03).ConclusionsThe modified “reading man flap” is a good option for the closure of larger rectangular facial skin defects especially in elderly patients, and the use of at least 40 ml of tumescent solution is suggested to achieve optimal pain control.
Significance of early prostate‐specific antigen values after salvage radiotherapy in recurrent prostate cancer patients treated with surgery
Authors: Chang Ji Hyun , Park Won , Park Jun Su , Pyo Hongryull , Huh Seung Jae , Choi Han Yong , Lee Hyun Moo , Jeon Seong Soo , Seo Seong Il 
Published: September 2014

ObjectivesTo assess the use of post‐salvage radiotherapy prostate‐specific antigen for early prediction of biochemical failure or clinical recurrence after salvage radiotherapy in recurrent prostate cancer patients after prostatectomy.MethodsFrom 2000 to 2011, 164 patients were treated with salvage radiotherapy alone for recurrent prostate cancer. Patients who received androgen deprivation therapy before or within 1 month of the termination of salvage radiotherapy were excluded. Survival analysis was carried out with: (i) a selected prostate‐specific antigen reference value (0.2 ng/mL) at the second follow‐up period (4 months) after salvage radiotherapy (prostate‐specific antigen value over 0.2 ng/mL at post‐salvage radiotherapy 4 months); and (ii) prostate‐specific antigen percent decline (post‐salvage radiotherapy 4 months prostate‐specific antigen/pre‐salvage radiotherapy prostate‐specific antigen).ResultsThe median follow‐up time was 53.4 months (range 8.5–134.1 months). The 5‐year clinical recurrence‐free survival was 87.9%. Prostate‐specific antigen percent decline of 0.45 was set as the cut‐off value for clinical recurrence‐free survival based on the receiver operating characteristics curve. In the multivariate analysis, a prostate‐specific antigen value over 0.2 ng/mL at post‐salvage radiotherapy 4 months (P = 0.013) and prostate‐specific antigen percent decline ≥ 0.45 (P = 0.002) were both significant parameters predicting clinical recurrence‐free survival. Otherwise, prostate‐specific antigen percent decline ≥ 0.45 was the only statistically significant predictor of biochemical failure‐free survival (biochemical failure‐free survival after salvage radiotherapy).ConclusionsA prostate‐specific antigen value over 0.2 ng/mL at post‐salvage radiotherapy 4 months and prostate‐specific antigen percent decline ≥ 0.45 are negative predictors of clinical recurrence‐free survival after salvage radiotherapy. Prostate‐specific antigen percent decline ≥ 0.45 is also associated with worse biochemical failure‐free survival after salvage radiotherapy. Patients with delayed prostate‐specific antigen decrease should be carefully observed for clinical recurrence.
High proportion of rare and compound epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in an Australian population of non‐squamous non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Stone E. , Allen H. A. , Saghaie T. , Abbott A. , Daniel R. , Mead R. S. , Kohonen‐Corish M. , Plit M. , Morgan L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation positivity in primary non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may confer increased sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy with improved progression‐free survival over EGFR wild‐type tumours. Some mutation subtypes may not confer such TKI sensitivity. The incidence of rare and compound subtypes in the Australian lung cancer population is not fully defined.AimsThe aim of the study was to audit the incidence of EGFR mutation in serial cases of primary non‐squamous NSCLC presenting to two multidisciplinary team meetings in metropolitan Sydney for incidence, type of mutation and phenotypic association with mutation positivity.MethodsSerially presenting cases of primary non‐squamous NSCLC were tested for EGFR mutation. The cases presented to either of two multidisciplinary team meetings in metropolitan Sydney and were referred for EGFR mutation testing on the basis of non‐squamous NSCLC histopathology. Samples from the two sites were analysed for EGFR mutation at one of three different laboratories, each using a slightly different assay. Data on phenotypic characteristics, smoking history and clinicopathological features of the tumour were collected.ResultsThere is a relatively high incidence of EGFR mutation in non‐squamous NSCLC in a series of patients drawn from two metropolitan multidisciplinary team meetings in Sydney at a rate of 23.8%. A high proportion of rare and compound EGFR mutations were identified (6/32 mutation positive cases, 18.8%).ConclusionsThe incidence of EGFR mutation may be higher in Australian populations than in other populations of predominantly European origin. Rare and compound EGFR mutations may occur and may have implications for treatment that differ from classically activating mutations.
A possible role of serum uric acid as a marker of metabolic syndrome
Authors: Lee Y.‐J. , Cho S. , Kim S. R. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackground/AimsThe association between serum uric acid (SUA) levels and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has recently been reported in several cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies. We investigated SUA as a biomarker to predict future development of MetS in healthy Korean men without diabetes or hypertension and determined the optimal cut‐off levels of SUA.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from healthy men who received a general health check‐up in 2003. A total of 1809 participants free of MetS, diabetes and hypertension was enrolled. Participants were classified into three groups based on SUA levels: group 1 (<5.5 mg/dL), group 2 (5.5–6.9 mg/dL) and group 3 (≥7.0 mg/dL).ResultsDuring 13 802 person‐years of follow up, 127 participants developed MetS. After adjusting for multiple associated parameters, SUA was significantly associated with incident MetS (hazard ratios comparing groups 2 and 3 vs group 1, 2.45 and 3.47 respectively; P < 0.001). In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cut‐off level for SUA to predict the development of MetS was 6.5 mg/dL.ConclusionOur results indicate that an increased level of SUA, even within the normal range, is associated with future development of MetS in healthy middle‐aged men.
Bending Strength and Stiffness of Canine Cadaver Spines After Fixation of a Lumbar Spinal Fracture‐Luxation Using a Novel Unilateral Stabilization Technique Compared to Traditional Dorsal Stabilization
Authors: Hall David A. , Snelling Samuel R. , Ackland David C. , Wu Wenn , Morton John M. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo 1) assess the bending strength and stiffness of canine cadaver spines after fixation of a lumbar spinal fracture‐luxation using a novel unilateral stabilization technique with pins and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and 2) compare the results to a reference standard dorsal pin and PMMA technique.Study DesignA randomized non‐inferiority trial.Sample PopulationCadaveric lumbar spines (L1‐L6) from 20 Greyhounds.MethodsSpecimens were paired to match bodyweight and vertebral size. A standardized fracture/luxation was performed between L3 and L4. One spine within each pair was randomly assigned the unilateral fixation technique and the other received the reference standard dorsal fixation technique. Four‐point bending of each specimen in flexion was performed by applying load to pins placed transversely into vertebrae L1, L2, L5, and L6. During testing, angular bending strength and stiffness were measured as a function of flexion angle. Margins for non‐inferiority were defined a priori. Strength and stiffness of the specimens for each technique were compared statistically.ResultsLower limits of 95% confidence intervals were above the defined margins for non‐inferiority. Thus, based on these margins, for strength and stiffness, unilateral fixation was not inferior to dorsal fixation.ConclusionsThis novel unilateral approach to lumbar spinal fixation yielded comparable strength and stiffness when tested for bending in flexion to that of reference standard dorsal approach. This approach is therefore a suitable alternative to the dorsal approach in appropriate lumbar spinal fracture configurations.