bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes of Functional Ability in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury With and Without Falls During 6 Months After Discharge
Authors: Wannapakhe Jirabhorn , Arayawichanon Preeda , Saengsuwan Jiamjit , Amatachaya Sugalya 
Published: March 2014

Background
Ambulatory patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) encounter a high risk of falls. However, most of the fall data in the literature were subjectively reported, without evidence to confirm the functional ability of those with and without falls.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate changes in functional ability relating to falls in participants with SCI who fell and those who did not fall during the 6-month period after discharge.

Design
A 6-month prospective design was used in the study.

Method
Fifty independent ambulatory participants with SCI were assessed for their functional ability using the Timed “Up & Go” Test, 10-Meter Walk Test, Berg Balance Scale, and Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) prior to discharge and 6 months afterward. After discharge, the participants' fall data were monitored monthly to categorize them into faller (≥1 fall in 6 months) and nonfaller (no fall) groups.

Results
Twenty-seven participants (54%) fell, and their baseline functional abilities were obviously lower than those who did not fall. After 6 months, the functional ability of these participants showed significant improvement for every test, whereas those who did not fall demonstrated a significant improvement only for the 6MWT. After adjusting for the baseline data, the functional ability at 6 months showed no significant differences between the groups.

Limitations
The study did not monitor physical activities of the participants during the follow-up period. The findings on fear of falling were subjectively reported by the participants.

Conclusions
Participants with SCI are commonly characterized as being active and enthusiastic, which may drive their physical activities. However, sensorimotor impairments following SCI hinder their ability to move safely, particularly in those with more functional deterioration. Therefore, greater functional improvement is accompanied by a higher risk of falls. Because falls can induce serious consequences, rehabilitation professionals may need to seek strategies to improve safety issues during movement for these patients, particularly in their own environments.
Radiosurgery for low-grade intracranial arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Ding Dale , Yen Chun-Po , Xu Zhiyuan , Starke Robert M. , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: March 2014

Object
Low-grade, or Spetzler-Martin (SM) Grades I and II, arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are associated with lower surgical morbidity rates than higher-grade lesions. While radiosurgery is now widely accepted as an effective treatment approach for AVMs, the risks and benefits of the procedure for low-grade AVMs, as compared with microsurgery, remain poorly understood. The authors of this study present the outcomes for a large cohort of low-grade AVMs treated with radiosurgery.

Methods
From an institutional radiosurgery database comprising approximately 1450 AVM cases, all patients with SM Grade I and II lesions were identified. Patients with less than 2 years of radiological follow-up, except those with complete AVM obliteration, were excluded from analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazards and logistic regression analyses were used to determine factors associated with obliteration, radiation-induced changes (RICs), and hemorrhage following radiosurgery.

Results
Five hundred two patients harboring low-grade AVMs were eligible for analysis. The median age was 35 years, 50% of patients were male, and the most common presentation was hemorrhage (47%). The median AVM volume and prescription dose were 2.4 cm3 and 23 Gy, respectively. The median radiological and clinical follow-up intervals were 48 and 62 months, respectively. The cumulative obliteration rate was 76%. The median time to obliteration was 40 months, and the actuarial obliteration rates were 66% and 80% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Independent predictors of obliteration were no preradiosurgery embolization (p < 0.001), decreased AVM volume (p = 0.005), single draining vein (p = 0.013), lower radiosurgery-based AVM scale score (p = 0.016), and lower Virginia Radiosurgery AVM Scale (Virginia RAS) score (p = 0.001). The annual postradiosurgery hemorrhage rate was 1.4% with increased AVM volume (p = 0.034) and lower prescription dose (p = 0.006) as independent predictors. Symptomatic and permanent RICs were observed in 8.2% and 1.4% of patients, respectively. No preradiosurgery hemorrhage (p = 0.011), a decreased prescription dose (p = 0.038), and a higher Virginia RAS score (p = 0.001) were independently associated with postradiosurgery RICs.

Conclusions
Spetzler-Martin Grade I and II AVMs are very amenable to successful treatment with stereotactic radiosurgery. While patient, physician, and institutional preferences frequently dictate the final course of treatment, radiosurgery offers a favorable risk-to-benefit profile for the management of low-grade AVMs.
Should ventriculoatrial shunting be the procedure of choice for normal-pressure hydrocephalus?
Authors: McGovern Robert A. , Kelly Kathleen M. , Chan Andrew K. , Morrissey Nicholas J. , McKhann Guy M. 
Published: March 2014

Object
Ventriculoatrial (VA) shunting is rarely used for patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), likely due to surgeon technical preference and case reports indicating cardiopulmonary complications. However, these complications have typically been limited to adults in whom VA shunts had been placed when they were children. Few studies have directly compared VA shunting to ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting in cases of NPH.

Methods
The authors retrospectively analyzed all NPH patients treated by a single surgeon at their center from January 2002 through December 2011. Thirty patients were treated with VA shunts (14 male) and 157 with VP shunts (86 male). The patients' mean age (± SD) at surgery was 73.7 ± 9.4 years for VA shunting and 76.0 ± 8.2 years for VP shunting; the median durations of follow-up were 42.0 months (IQR 19.2–63.6 months) and 34.2 months (IQR 15.8–67.5), respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square tests and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.

Results
Perioperative and postoperative complications for VA and VP shunting cohorts, respectively, included distal revision (2.7% vs 6.6%, p = 0.45), proximal revision (2.7% vs 2.5%, p = 0.97), and postoperative seizure (2.7% vs 1.5%, p = 0.62). Shunt drainage–related subdural hematomas/hygromas developed in 8.1%/27.0% of VA shunt–treated patients versus 6.6%/26.4% of VP shunt–treated patients (p = 0.76/0.98) and were nearly always successfully managed with programmable-valve adjustment. Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (1.5%) and shunt infection (2.0%) were only observed in those who underwent VP shunting. Of note, no cardiovascular complications were observed in any patient, and there were no cases of distal occlusion of the VA shunt.

Conclusions
The authors found no significant differences in complication rates between VA and VP shunting, and VA shunting was not associated with any cardiopulmonary complications. Thus, in the authors' experience, VA shunting is at least as safe as VP shunting for treating NPH.
Radiosensitization of malignant gliomas following intracranial delivery of paclitaxel biodegradable polymer microspheres
Authors: Gabikian Patrik , Tyler Betty M. , Zhang Irma , Li Khan W. , Brem Henry , Walter Kevin A. 
Published: March 2014

Object
The aim of this study was to demonstrate that paclitaxel could function as a radiosensitizer for malignant glioma in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
The radiosensitizing effect of paclitaxel was tested in vitro using the human U373MG and rat 9L glioma cell lines. Cell cycle arrest in response to paclitaxel exposure was quantified by flow cytometry. Cells were subsequently irradiated, and toxicity was measured using the clonogenic assay. In vivo studies were performed in Fischer 344 rats implanted with intracranial 9L gliosarcoma. Rats were treated with control polymer implants, paclitaxel controlled-release polymers, radiotherapy, or a combination of the 2 treatments. The study end point was survival.

Results
Flow cytometry demonstrated G2-M arrest in both U373MG and 9L cells following 6–12 hours of paclitaxel exposure. The order in which the combination treatment was administered was significant. Exposure to radiation treatment (XRT) during the 6–12 hours after paclitaxel treatment resulted in a synergistic reduction in colony formation. This effect was greater than the effect from either treatment alone and was also greater than the effect of radiation exposure followed by paclitaxel. Rats bearing 9L gliosarcoma tumors treated with paclitaxel polymer administration followed by single-fraction radiotherapy demonstrated a synergistic improvement in survival compared with any other treatment, including radiotherapy followed by paclitaxel treatment. Median survival for control animals was 13 days; for those treated with paclitaxel alone, 21 days; for those treated with XRT alone, 21 days; for those treated with XRT followed by paclitaxel, 45 days; and for those treated with paclitaxel followed by XRT, more than 150 days (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
These results indicate that paclitaxel is an effective radiosensitizer for malignant gliomas because it renders glioma cells more sensitive to ionizing radiation by causing G2-M arrest, and induces a synergistic response to chemoradiotherapy.
Assessment of the impact of comorbidities on perioperative complications in pediatric neurosurgery
Authors: Patel Akash J. , Sivaganesan Ahilan , Bollo Robert J. , Brayton Alison , Luerssen Thomas G. , Jea Andrew 
Published: March 2014

Object
Recent attempts to control health care costs focus on reducing or eliminating payments for complications, hospital-acquired conditions, and provider preventable conditions, with payment restrictions applied uniformly. A patient's preexisting comorbidities likely influence the perioperative complication incidence. This relationship has not previously been examined in pediatric neurosurgery.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective assessment of prospectively collected relevant patient comorbidities and morbidity and mortality events at a large pediatric neurosurgical unit over a 5-year period. The authors examined the impact of specific comorbidities and the cumulative effect of multiple comorbidities on complication incidence.

Results
A total of 1990 patients underwent 3195 procedures at the authors' institution during the 5-year study period. Overall, 396 complications were analyzed; 298 patients (15.0%) experienced at least one complication. One or more comorbidities were present in 45.9% of patients. Renal comorbidities were clearly associated with the increased incidence of complications (p = 0.02), and they were specifically associated with infection (p = 0.006). Neurological comorbidities had a borderline association with complications (p = 0.05), and they were specifically associated with death (p = 0.037). A patient's having more comorbidities did not correlate with an increased risk of a perioperative complication (p = 0.8275).

Conclusions
The complication incidence in pediatric neurosurgery is variable and may be influenced by the type of neurosurgical procedure and patient-related factors. While patient-related factors beyond the control of the provider can significantly impact complications and hospital-acquired conditions in pediatric neurosurgery, an increasing number of comorbidities do not correlate with an increased risk of complications per patient.
Isolated frontosphenoidal synostosis: a rare cause of synostotic frontal plagiocephaly
Authors: Sauerhammer Tina M. , Oh Albert K. , Boyajian Michael , Magge Suresh N. , Myseros John S. , Keating Robert F. , Rogers Gary F. 
Published: March 2014

Object
Unilateral fusion of the frontoparietal suture is the most common cause of synostotic frontal plagiocephaly. Localized fusion of the frontosphenoidal suture is rare but can lead to a similar, but subtly distinct, phenotype.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of the authors' craniofacial database was performed. Patients with isolated frontosphenoidal synostosis on CT imaging were included. Demographic data, as well as the clinical and radiographic findings, were recorded.

Results
Three patients were identified. All patients were female and none had an identifiable syndrome. Head circumference was normal in each patient. The mean age at presentation was 4.8 months (range 2.0–9.8 months); 2 fusions were on the right side. Frontal flattening and recession of the supraorbital rim on the fused side were consistent physical findings. No patient had appreciable facial angulation or orbital dystopia, and 2 patients had anterior displacement of the ipsilateral ear. All 3 patients were initially misdiagnosed with unilateral coronal synostosis, and CT imaging at a mean age of 5.4 months (range 2.1–10.8 months) was required to secure the correct diagnosis. Computed tomography findings included patency of the frontoparietal suture, minor to no anterior cranial base angulation, and vertical flattening of the orbit without sphenoid wing elevation on the fused side. One patient underwent CT scanning at 2.1 months of age, which demonstrated a narrow, but patent, frontosphenoidal suture. The patient's condition was assumed to be a deformational process, and she underwent 6 months of unsuccessful helmet therapy. A repeat CT scan obtained at 10.7 months of age demonstrated the synostosis. All 3 patients underwent fronto-orbital correction at mean age of 12.1 months (range 7.8–16.1 months). The mean duration of postoperative follow-up was 11.7 months (range 1.9–23.9 months).

Conclusions
Isolated frontosphenoidal synostosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of atypical frontal plagiocephaly.
Le rôle des ouvriers dans les soulèvements populaires arabes de 2011
Authors: Beinin Joel 
Published: March 2014

Les classes ouvrières du Maroc, de Bahreïn, de Jordanie et surtout d’Égypte et de Tunisie ont d’évidence participé aux soulèvements populaires du monde arabe de 2011 après avoir durant des années implicitement répudié les politiques néolibérales du « consensus de Washington ». On appréhende mieux leur rôle dans ces soulèvements à la lumière d’une combinaison d’économie politique historique et d’une version modifiée de la théorie des mouvements sociaux, adaptée aux conditions particulières des sociétés autoritaires où les insurgés n’ont accès qu’à peu de ressources ou de réseaux formels. Ils se fondent dès lors sur des réseaux informels puissants au niveau local, mais faibles au niveau national.
« Anarchistes de la bombe, anarchistes de l'idée » : les anarchistes français à Londres, 1880-1895
Authors: Bantman Constance 
Published: March 2014

Les activités politiques des quelques centaines d’anarchistes francophones exilés en Grande-Bretagne entre 1880 et 1914 ont, au cours de ces dernières années, fait l’objet d’interprétations historiographiques divergentes. La thématique terroriste, prépondérante pour les contemporains de ce mouvement, a ainsi été reprise par divers ouvrages. Or une lecture transnationale permet de faire apparaître une tout autre image : celle de groupes à l’organisation informelle – contre le mythe d’une « Internationale anarchiste » –, accaparés par les impératifs de la survie matérielle et plus enclins à la réflexion stratégique sur le potentiel révolutionnaire du syndicat qu’aux éclats terroristes. À la lumière de cette analyse, il est donc plus pertinent de décrire le « French quarter » anarchiste de Londres, non comme une base du terrorisme international, mais plutôt comme un « nœud » de réseaux et de transferts pour le mouvement anarchiste international.
Lamennais : « une vie qui sera donc à refaire plus d'une fois encore ». Parcours posthumes
Authors: Milbach Sylvain 
Published: March 2014

La vie et l’œuvre de Lamennais (1782-1854) ont donné lieu à une abondante production historique qui ne s’est jamais vraiment tarie. On leur a prêté les influences les plus diverses et les plus contraires, alors même qu’aucune sensibilité, tant hors du catholicisme qu’en son sein, ne s’en est explicitement réclamée. Ces travaux masquent souvent mal la fascination et les hantises qu’éveille le parcours de Lamennais plus que son œuvre. C’est à cette lumière qu’il est possible de relire cette production et le mythe qui en est issu : un homme dont le destin interroge inlassablement les fonctions du magistère spirituel dans les sociétés modernes et la relation à l’autorité. S’il s’agit bien là des préoccupations du « maître de La Chênaie », on peut se demander jusqu’à quel point les réinvestissements successifs n’ont pas contribué à glacer l’analyse des virtualités du premier XIX e siècle, et par extension celle des sensibilités qui traversent le catholicisme contemporain. Dans cette perspective, l’analyse de la production historiographique invite à revenir sur le succès d’une œuvre et l’influence d’un homme qui révèlent surtout l’anxiété d’une époque en quête d’un nouveau gouvernement des esprits – interrogation qui plonge ses racines dans la Révolution et s’épuise dans les conséquences de l’échec de la Seconde République.
Jeremy Bentham et l'efficience économique du droit
Authors: Guidi Marco , Sigot Nathalie 
Published: March 2014

L’objet de cet article est de montrer, en se concentrant sur la Défense de l’usure [1787] et le manuscrit Sur les prix [1801a], comment Bentham aborde la question moderne de l’efficience économique du droit (au sens de Posner). En 1787, il affirme que laisser le marché déterminer le taux de l’intérêt permet d’accroître la richesse ; en 1801, il défend un contrôle de la masse monétaire en circulation afin d’éviter tout risque de perte de valeur dans la propriété. On montre alors que ces deux positions reflètent la manière dont Bentham analyse les relations entre marché et règles : en 1787, la règle prétend se substituer au marché, alors que celui-ci est plus efficient du point de vue du bonheur collectif (I), tandis qu’en 1801, il définit une relation de complémentarité entre règle et marché, le conduisant à préciser comment doivent être sélectionnées les bonnes règles (II).
Les fonctions cognitives du droit dans la pensée de Cass Sunstein
Authors: Ferey Samuel , Deffains Bruno 
Published: March 2014

Cass Sunstein a été l’un des principaux promoteurs aux États-Unis de l’économie du droit comportementale. En introduisant en économie du droit une hypothèse de rationalité limitée, Sunstein en tire alors deux fonctions principales pour le droit : le redressement cognitif et le paternalisme libéral. En rappelant les fondements de la théorie du droit de Sunstein, l’article discute ces nouvelles fonctions économiques pour le droit en s’interrogeant sur leur compatibilité. On montre que leur contradiction apparente peut cependant être atténuée dans le cadre d’une réflexion plus générale sur les conditions cognitives de la liberté.
La question de l'interdiction de l'intérêt dans l'histoire européenne
Authors: Ege Ragip 
Published: March 2014

Dans cet article, nous nous interrogeons sur les raisons de l’interdiction ou de la stricte réglementation du prêt à intérêt dans l’histoire européenne, aussi bien par les trois monothéismes que par la tradition aristotélicienne, les droits romain, canonique et civil médiéval. L’hypothèse qui gouverne notre argumentation est que toute économie de marché quelque peu développée fait nécessairement intervenir des opérations de prêt et donc un prix pour la monnaie ; une telle évidence ne pouvait être ignorée par l’esprit qui tente de l’interdire. Par conséquent, l’interdiction vise, au-delà du simple phénomène d’intérêt, un phénomène bien plus complexe dont l’intelligence exige, à notre sens, une analyse institutionnelle.
Characterizing Moose–Vehicle Collision Hotspots in Northern British Columbia
Authors: Rea Roy V. , Johnson Chris J. , Emmons Scott 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTo have a better understanding of the ecological factors that may contribute to moose Alces alces and vehicle collisions in northern British Columbia, we analyzed Wildlife Accident Reporting System data that were collected between 2000 and 2005 by highway maintenance contractors. We delineated 29 moose-vehicle collision hotspots and 15 control sites at which we assessed environmental and road infrastructure attributes through field surveys and remotely sensed data. A logistic regression model including both coarse- and fine-scale environmental factors suggested that hotspots were more likely to be characterized by the number of roadside mineral licks and bisection of the highway corridor through black spruce forest–sphagnum bog habitat and swamps. The absence of rivers within 1 km and less lake area within 500 m of the highway also better characterized hotspots than controls. At the fine scale, deciduous forest cover along the highway edge and the proportion of browse to nonbrowse vegetation between the road shoulder and forest edge were also related to collision sites. Based on these data, the mitigation of collision hotspots should include decommissioning roadside mineral licks where they occur and cutting roadside brush to improve driver visibility and reduce browse resprouting and attractiveness. Where new road construction or road realignments are being contemplated, we recommend considering routes with more lake area, more rivers, fewer swamps, and fewer black spruce forest–sphagnum bog habitats to help reduce collisions. We discuss the utility of installing novel warning signage in areas where collisions are recurrent.
Yunis–varon syndrome: Further delineation of cardiovascular and endocrine outcome
Authors: Varghese P. , Collins N. , Warner G. , Leitch J. , Ho E. , Crock P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractYunis–Varon syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive condition initially characterized by specific skeletal and ectodermal abnormalities, and a poor prognosis, due to neurological and cardiovascular involvement. We describe the cardiovascular and endocrine complications in a 26‐year‐old man who had been reported previously, adding dilated cardiomyopathy to the clinical features consistent with Yunis–Varon syndrome. Short stature, successfully treated with growth hormone, and hypertension secondary to bilateral renal artery stenosis expand the phenotype. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.