bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Making and Re‐making of a Regional Product: The Case of Zeeland Madder
Authors: Joosse Sofie 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRegional products play an increasingly important role in European economies and policies. The economic value of these products is considerable, and they are frequently regarded as significant generators of rural and regional development. But what processes underlie the formation of a regional product? While scholars have rightly called for attention to be paid to the contextual nature of regional products, this article aims to take a progressive step in this discourse and explore if, given the contextual nature of regional products, specific patterns can be identified that serve to make products regional. To this end I investigate the qualification of a reinvented agricultural product, madder (Rubia tinctorum), which is grown to produce dyestuff in Zeeland, The Netherlands. Based on the case of Zeeland madder and a comparison with other regional products I identify five qualification patterns, namely essentialism, strategic positioning, identity work, internal mobilisation and localising control. These patterns cross the divide between economy and culture and show how both elements become interwoven in the process of making products regional. Moreover, the patterns usefully highlight the hybridity of regional products, that is, their association with alternative food networks and conventional food networks.
The Spatiality of Local Immigration Policies in the United States
Authors: Walker Kyle E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractRecent scholarship within geography has emphasised the co‐implication of multiple forms of spatiality within sociospatial theory. This scholarship contends that spatial relationships like scale, networks, and place, which tend to be treated as ontologically separate, ought to be considered as mutually constitutive. In this paper, I argue that this framework helps explain why local communities have pursued vastly different policy responses to immigration in the United States. Drawing evidence from local policies considered in two Chicago‐area communities in the late 2000s, I show how these debates simultaneously reflected a politics of scale, a politics of networking, and a politics of place, each of which interacted to constrain or enable different political responses.
Identifying locations of recent TB transmission in rural Uganda: a multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Chamie Gabriel , Wandera Bonnie , Marquez Carina , Kato‐Maeda Midori , Kamya Moses R. , Havlir Diane V. , Charlebois Edwin D. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectivesTargeting high Tuberculosis (TB) transmission sites may offer a novel approach to TB prevention in sub‐Saharan Africa. We sought to characterise TB transmission sites in a rural Ugandan township.MethodsWe recruited adults starting TB treatment in Tororo, Uganda, over 1 year. Fifty four TB cases provided names of frequent contacts, sites of residence, health care, work and social activities, and two sputum samples. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) culture‐positive specimens underwent spoligotyping to identify strains with shared genotypes. We visualised TB case social networks, and obtained, mapped and geo‐coded global positioning system measures for every location that cases reported frequenting 1 month before treatment. Locations of spatial overlap among genotype‐clustered cases were considered potential transmission sites.ResultsSix distinct genotypic clusters were identified involving 21 of 33 (64%) MTB culture‐positive, genotyped cases; none shared a home. Although 18 of 54 (33%) TB cases shared social network ties, none of the genotype‐clustered cases shared social ties. Using spatial analysis, we identified potential sites of within‐cluster TB transmission for five of six genotypic clusters. All sites but one were healthcare and social venues, including sites of drinking, worship and marketplaces. Cases reported spending the largest proportion of pre‐treatment person‐time (22.4%) at drinking venues.ConclusionsUsing molecular epidemiology, geospatial and social network data from adult TB cases identified at clinics, we quantified person‐time spent at high‐risk locations across a rural Ugandan community and determined the most likely sites of recent TB transmission to be healthcare and social venues. These sites may not have been identified using contact investigation alone.
Large animal evaluation of riboflavin and ultraviolet light–treated whole blood transfusion in a diffuse, nonsurgical bleeding porcine model
Authors: Okoye Obi T. , Reddy Heather , Wong Monica D. , Doane Suzann , Resnick Shelby , Karamanos Efstathios , Skiada Dimitra , Goodrich Raymond , Inaba Kenji 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundThe Mirasol system has been demonstrated to effectively inactivate white blood cells (WBCs) and reduce pathogens in whole blood in vitro. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of Mirasol‐treated fresh whole blood (FWB) to untreated FWB in an in vivo model of surgical bleeding.Study Design and MethodsA total of 18 anesthetized pigs (40 kg) underwent a 35% total blood volume bleed, cooling to 33°C, and a standardized liver injury. Animals were then randomly assigned to resuscitation with either Mirasol‐treated or untreated FWB, and intraoperative blood loss was measured. After abdominal closure, the animals were observed for 14 days, after which the animals were euthanized and tissues were obtained for histopathologic examination. Mortality, tissue near‐infrared spectroscopy, red blood cell (RBC) variables, platelets (PLTs), WBCs, and coagulation indices were analyzed.ResultsTotal intraoperative blood loss was similar in test and control arms (8.3 ± 3.2 mL/kg vs. 7.7 ± 3.9 mL/kg, p = 0.720). All animals survived to Day 14. Trended values over time did not show significant differences—tissue oxygenation (p = 0.605), hemoglobin (p = 0.461), PLTs (p = 0.807), WBCs (p = 0.435), prothrombin time (p = 0.655), activated partial thromboplastin time (p = 0.416), thromboelastography (TEG)–reaction time (p = 0.265), or TEG–clot formation time (p = 0.081). Histopathology did not show significant differences between arms.ConclusionsMirasol‐treated FWB did not impact survival, blood loss, tissue oxygen delivery, RBC indices, or coagulation variables in a standardized liver injury model. These data suggest that Mirasol‐treated FWB is both safe and efficacious in vivo.
Consistency of Assembly Related Product Information: Part 1 — Representation
Authors: Baysal Mehmet Murat , Roy Utpal 
Published: January 2015

In this work, NIST’s Core Product Model (CPM) and the Open Assembly Model (OAM) are extended to integrate product information including function and behavior, with an emphasis on assembly, throughout all phases of product development.
The consistency validation of product information, and the verification of modified product information are discussed. These processes ensure that the product information has no contradictions and allows tracing through associations without any deficiency or disconnection. In other words, the information model has to be complete in terms of traceability of function, behavior, spatial relationships, etc., in order to support all information exchange activities. The product information representation provides a mechanism for capturing product information and storing it in a database. This representation schema also provides necessary information for any future decision making activities at the End_Of_Life (EOL) environment, such as the replacement or reuse of any part or subassembly. When there is a need to replace one artifact with another, one must consider all of the associations of the existing artifact with other artifacts and the environment, not just functional and space requirements, and the relevant modification(s) of the associated objects has to be verified. So one can manage product lifecycle activities in different perspectives by knowing how the product information is interconnected in various domains and how its characteristics affect each other.
Toward Patient-Specific Computational Study of Aortic Diseases: A Population Based Shape Modeling Approach
Authors: Li Kang , Qian Xiaoping , Martin Caitlin , Sun Wei 
Published: January 2015

Patient-specific computational study of aortic disease provides a powerful means for diagnosis and pre-operative planning. However, creating patient-specific computational models can be time-consuming due to the fact that anatomical geometries extracted from clinical imaging data are often incomplete and noisy. This paper presents an approach for constructing statistical shape models (SSMs) for aortic surfaces with the eventual goal of mapping the mean aorta geometries to raw surface data obtained from the clinical images for each new patient so that patient-specific models can be automatically constructed.
The input aortic models in this study come in the form of triangle meshes generated from CT scans on 6 patients. Statistical models with modes that characterize the variation pattern are found after optimizing the group-wise correspondence across the aorta training set. We use the direct reparametrization approach to efficiently manipulate shape correspondence. We use B-spline based differentiable shape representation for the training set and use the adjoint method for deriving analytical gradients in a gradient based approach for manipulating the shape correspondence to minimize the description length of the resulting SSM. Our numerical result shows that the evaluation measures of the optimized statistical model have been significantly enhanced.
Molecular Dynamics Study of Nano-Tribological Properties of Silicon Nitride Films
Authors: Li Longqiu , Wang Shufeng , Ovcharenko Andrey , Wang Wuyi 
Published: January 2015

Silicon nitride films were attracting extensive research interest in the past few decades as hard disk protective coating, especially the beta-silicon nitride (β-Si3N4) films and amorphous silicon nitride (SiNx) films, which have high hardness, chemical durability and low friction coefficient properties against wear, corrosion and reducing the friction resistance, respectively. Considerable efforts have been made in studying silicon nitride. However, it’s difficult to determine its nano-tribological properties experimentally since the results were affected by a lot of contact and environment conditions.
The molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method is employed in this work. A rigid diamond sphere modeled as a spherical tip are sliding over a layered silicon nitride film substrate, respectively, to investigate the tribological properties of silicon nitride films. The effect of the relative sliding velocity and sliding direction, the normal force and the thickness of crystalline silicon nitride films on the friction coefficient of silicon nitride films were investigated.
Influence of the Number of AGVs on Products Conveyance Efficiency in AGV Transportation System Based on Knowledge of Taxis
Authors: Suzuki Tsuguhito , Hirogaki Toshiki , Aoyama Eiichi , Ogawa Keiji , Ito Taichi 
Published: January 2015

Manufacturing systems, such as the flexible manufacturing system (FMS), have recently changed to accommodate the production of various types and volumes of products. In the FMS, however, it is difficult to change the layout of the factory and solve problems that arise. Therefore, the importance of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) is increasing because they can flexibly respond to changes in facilities and factory layouts. However, there have not been any studies that take into account the many indefinite and accidental elements regarding AGV systems. Applications of knowledge in one domain to a different domain have been drawing much attention. Such activity is called a mimetic solution. We investigated applying the knowledge of traffic engineering regarding passenger transport to conveyance of AGVs. We propose an autonomous conveyance system for AGVs based on taxi transportation strategies to solve indefinite and accidental problems. The system focuses on applying traffic engineering knowledge regarding a flexible taxi system. A taxi is a transport unit in a traffic system involving high flexibility in traveling routes and arrival/departure points.
We also applied the waiting mode of taxis at stations where AGVs pick up and drop off products (P/Ds) as AGV rules to our system and investigated the system’s effectiveness and adaptability to schedule changes in the factories. To adopt a waiting mode as AGV rules, we determine the arrival/departure points that AGVs wait and changing the number of AGVs and product intervals. In addition, collision between AGVs must be considered. If a collision occurs, we have to change the factory schedule. Therefore, we took into consideration AGV collisions. We estimated the matching time, conveyance efficiency, and number of approaches as assessment functions. The matching time is the period between when a load is generated and received, conveyance efficiency is the ratio of total distance to distance traveled while empty, and approaching AGVs denotes the risk of collision. Specifically, we discuss the effect of the number of AGVs on these parameters by considering the ratio of the number of AGVs to the number of P/Ds. We demonstrated that our system is effective in terms of high conveyance efficiency and reducing the number of approaches without decreasing matching time and with a suitable number of AGVs.
Effects of Injection Moulding Parameters on Dimensional Accuracy of POM/MWCNT Micro Parts
Authors: Bellantone Vincenzo , Surace Rossella , Fassi Irene 
Published: January 2015

Nowadays, the study of polymer nanocomposites is an active area of materials development because nanofillers and in particular Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) can significantly improve or adjust the properties of the materials into which they were incorporated such as optical, electrical, mechanical and thermal properties. MWCNTs have been adopted in quite a number of applications, but advancements in their properties are needed for spreading their potential. Moreover their behaviour and filling properties in micro injection moulding process have still to be studied.
Therefore, in this work, experimental and statistical studies were performed to analyze the parameters effect on replicating capability of micro parts manufactured in POM/MWCNT by micro injection moulding process. Two compounds with different filler fraction (3 and 6 wt%) were tested and processed with different conditions and their operating range have been pointed out and compared with that of pristine POM (PolyOxyMethilene).
The results show that the filler content has the effect to change slightly the operative range of the micro injection process parameters and to increase the replicating capability. The most effective parameters on replicating capability of micro ribs, evaluated by a dimensional index, are the mould temperature for the POM/MWCNT 3% and injection velocity for the 6% filler fraction.
Dual Residual in Augmented Lagrangian Coordination for Decomposition-Based Optimization
Authors: Xu Meng , Fadel Georges , Wiecek Margaret M. 
Published: January 2015

As system design problems increase in complexity, researchers seek approaches to optimize such problems by coordinating the optimizations of decomposed sub-problems. Many methods for optimization by decomposition have been proposed in the literature among which, the Augmented Lagrangian Coordination (ALC) method has drawn much attention due to its efficiency and flexibility. The ALC method involves a quadratic penalty term, and the initial setting and update strategy of the penalty weight are critical to the performance of the ALC. The weight in the traditional weight update strategy always increases and previous research shows that an inappropriate initial value of the penalty weight may cause the method not to converge to optimal solutions.
Inspired by the research on Augmented Lagrangian Relaxation in the convex optimization area, a new weight update strategy in which the weight can either increase or decrease is introduced into engineering optimization. The derivation of the primal and dual residuals for optimization by decomposition is conducted as a first step. It shows that the traditional weight update strategy only considers the primal residual, which may result in a duality gap and cause a relatively big solution error. A new weight update strategy considering both the primal and dual residuals is developed which drives the dual residual to zero in the optimization process, thus guaranteeing the solution accuracy of the decomposed problem. Finally, the developed strategy is applied to both mathematical and engineering test problems and the results show significant improvements in solution accuracy. Additionally, the proposed approach makes the ALC method more robust since it allows the coordination to converge with an initial weight selected from a much wider range of possible values while the selection of initial weight is a big concern in the traditional weight update strategy.
Study of Snubbing Mechanism Using Finite Element Method
Authors: Chen Jingming , Pennacchi Paolo , Jiang Dongxiang , Chatterton Steven 
Published: January 2015

In the rotating machineries, large vibrations of a blade would result in fatigue crack, which is a great threaten to the safety. Therefore, it is of great importance to reduce the blade vibrations. Snubbing technique is a possible solution to this problem. A tiny gap is left between the shrouds of adjacent blades. While the forced vibration makes the relative displacement between two neighboring blades exceed the gap, the contact happens at the contact face of the shrouds, accompanied with friction and energy dissipation, which restricts the vibration.
In this paper, a simplified model for a set of rotor blades is established, by using finite element method. The contact between the adjacent shrouds is considered. In this way, snubbing phenomenon can occur under forced vibration. Based on the model, modal analysis has been conducted. The 8x rev. frequency has been chosen as the excitation frequency. Under a certain amplitude of sine excitation, the circumferential vibration of the blades has been simulated. The vibration has been analyzed in the time domain. As expected, the blade motion is divided into four different states in one period. They are: non-contact, rebounding, sticky and escaping state. The four states had different mechanical and motion characteristics.
The motion pattern for the set of blades has been also analyzed and the wave spreading along the bladerow has been described. Because of the snubbing mechanism, the waveform was distorted into serrated shape.
Body Shape and Size Modelling Using Regression Analysis and Neural Network Prediction
Authors: Vaughan Neil , Dubey Venketesh N. , Wee Michael Y. K. , Isaacs Richard 
Published: January 2015

The aim of this research is to build a patient-specific virtual body shape model for patients of various Body Mass Index (BMI) and body shape. This will enable simulated epidural procedure on patients of various body characteristics, to increase trainee skill, reduce injuries and litigation costs.
Regression analysis (RA) and artificial neural networks (ANN) were implemented to accurately calculate body shape in a data-driven approach. Epidural simulator software was developed containing a screen to enter patient characteristics. When the patient BMI is adjusted, the modelled body shape and tissue layer thickness updates allowing patient specific simulation. The model uses anthropometric measurements as input: body mass, height, age, gender and body shape.
The developed model enables a virtual representation of any actual patient to be built based on their measured parameters for epidural rehearsal prior to in-vivo procedure.
Innate Immunity Induced by Plasmodium Liver Infection Inhibits Malaria Reinfections
Authors: Liehl Peter , Meireles Patrícia , Albuquerque Inês S. , Pinkevych Mykola , Baptista Fernanda , Mota Maria M. , Davenport Miles P. , Prudêncio Miguel 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTFollowing transmission through a mosquito bite to the mammalian host,Plasmodiumparasites first invade and replicate inside hepatocytes before infecting erythrocytes and causing malaria. The mechanisms limitingPlasmodiumreinfections in humans living in regions of malaria endemicity have mainly been explored by studying the resistance induced by the blood stage of infection. However, epidemiologic studies have suggested that in high-transmission areas, preerythrocytic stages also activate host resistance to reinfection. This, along with the recent discovery that liver infections trigger a specific and effective type I interferon (IFN) response, prompted us to hypothesize that this pre-erythrocyte-stage-induced resistance is linked to liver innate immunity. Here, we combined experimental approaches and mathematical modeling to recapitulate field studies and understand the molecular basis behind such resistance. We present a newly established mouse reinfection model and demonstrate that rodent malaria liver-stage infection inhibits reinfection. This protection relies on the activation of innate immunity and involves the type I IFN response and the antimicrobial cytokine gamma IFN (IFN-γ). Importantly, mathematical simulations indicate that the predictions based on our experimental murine reinfection model fit available epidemiological data. Overall, our study revealed that liver-stage-induced innate immunity may contribute to the preerythrocytic resistance observed in humans in regions of malaria hyperendemicity.
Clinical values of FDG PET in polymyositis and dermatomyositis syndromes: imaging of skeletal muscle inflammation
Authors: Tateyama Maki , Fujihara Kazuo , Misu Tatsuro , Arai Akira , Kaneta Tomohiro , Aoki Masashi 
Published: January 2015

Objectives[18F] Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET), a standard tool for evaluating malignancies, can also detect inflammatory lesions. However, its usefulness in evaluating muscle lesions in polymyositis and dermatomyositis syndromes (PM/DM) has not been established.Methods33 patients with PM/DM who had undergone FDG PET were retrospectively analysed. FDG uptake was visually evaluated (visually identified FDG uptake, vFDG) in 16 regions of the body using mediastinum blood vessels as a positivity criterion. We also calculated the maximum standardised uptake value (SUVmax) in all four limbs of the patients with PM/DM as well as in 22 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with similar disabilities. In 24 patients with PM/DM, MRI and FDG PET findings were compared.ResultsvFDG was observed in multiple muscle lesions with varying distributions in two-thirds of the patients with PM/DM, with most lesions being symmetrical. The number of vFDG-positive regions strongly correlated with the mean SUVmax in all four limbs (p<0.0001). Histological grades of biopsied muscles correlated with both the mean SUVmax and number of vFDG-positive regions. Serum creatine kinase levels were higher in patients with more than two vFDG-positive regions than in those with two or less regions (p<0.05). While the inflamed muscles showed diffused, patchy or marginal signal abnormalities on MRI, FDG uptake was most prominent inside the muscles. Compared with ALS, the mean SUVmax was significantly higher in the patients with PM/DM (p<0.0001) and showed a striking correlation in the bilateral muscles, reflecting symmetrical muscle involvement in PM/DM.ConclusionsThe visual assessment of FDG uptake as well as calculation of SUV enabled us to comprehensively evaluate skeletal muscle. This method can improve clinical practices and provide insights into pathomechanisms of PM/DM.