bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diastolic function and dysfunction in athletes
Authors: Dalen Havard , Letnes Jon Magne , Hoydal Morten A , Wisløff Ulrik 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cardiac remodelling is often most profound in male athletes and in athletes with the greatest volumes of endurance training and is characterized by chamber enlargement and a mild-to-modest hypertrophy. The diastolic filling of the left ventricle (LV) is a complex process including the early recoil of the contracted LV, the active relaxation of the myocardium, the compliance of the myocardium, the filling pressures, and heart rate. Echocardiography is the cornerstone for the clinical assessment of LV diastolic function. LV diastolic function is usually enhanced in elite endurance athletes characterized by improved early filling of the ventricle, while it is preserved or enhanced in other athletes associated with the type of training being performed. This allows for the high performance of any endurance athlete. Typical findings when using resting echocardiography for the assessment of LV diastolic function in endurance athletes include a dilated LV with normal or mildly reduced LV ejection fraction (EF), significantly enlarged left atrium (LA) beyond the commonly used cut-off of 34 mL/m2, and a significantly elevated E/A ratio. The early-diastolic mitral annular velocity and the E-wave peak velocity are usually normal. Importantly, interpretation of the echocardiographic indices of LV diastolic function should always consider the clinical context and other parameters of systolic and diastolic functions. In the absence of an underlying pathology, single measurements outside the expected range for similar athletes will often not represent the pathology.
Generative AI-assisted, evidence-informed use of L1 in L2 classrooms
Authors: Moorhouse Benjamin Luke , Wan Yuwei , Ho Tsz Ying , Lin Angel M Y 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeful and strategic use of L1 can help with L2 learning. However, in many contexts, monolingual immersion approaches dominate, leading language teachers to refrain from using L1. It can also mean that teachers are not professionally prepared to implement evidence-informed uses of L1. In this article, we share the findings of an intervention study that aimed to raise preservice English language teachers’ awareness of purposeful L1 use while co-exploring ways generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools (e.g. ChatGPT) can aid teachers’ knowledge development and strategic utilization of L1 in L2 classrooms. Data were collected from fifty-six preservice language teachers in Hong Kong through a pre- and post-intervention mixed-method survey and follow-up group interviews. The findings show that explicit instruction on the use of L1 in L2 classrooms can increase preservice teachers’ intention to use L1 as well as their knowledge about the evidence-informed use of L1 and the ways in which generative AI tools can assist their implementation of L1.
Unmeasured preludes for the French Baroque guitar
Authors: Bane Michael 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article examines the préludes non mesurés composed for the guitar in the second half of the 17th century. From François Martin’s collection of suites in 1663 to Robert de Visée’s second book of guitar music in 1686, guitarists published nearly 50 preludes, several of which are rhythmically free or entirely unmeasured. Indebted to the lute and harpsichord repertories, the guitar prelude was nevertheless shaped by the notational and performance practices of the instrument. A review of the printed sources reveals four types of guitar prelude current in the second half of the century: the fully measured prelude; the precisely notated but rhythmically free prelude; the unmeasured prelude; and the strummed, unmeasured prelude with variable rhythm. This last type, which instructs the performer to strum each chord an indeterminate number of times, has no exact analogue in the other instrumental repertories of the era. Comparisons are also made to unmeasured or rhythmically free preludes in manuscript sources including the ‘Gallot’ manuscript. Together, these pieces attest to a brief but avid interest in unmeasured music on the Baroque guitar.
Intestinal Ultrasound, Fecal Calprotectin, and Their Combination to Predict Endoscopic Mucosal Healing in Ulcerative Colitis: A Real-Life Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Yzet Clara , Meudjo Erica , Brazier Franck , Hautefeuille Vincent , Moreau Capucine , Robert Camille , Decrombecque Catherine , Sarba Ruxandra , Pichois Raphael , Richard Nicolas , Meynier Jonathan , Fumery Mathurin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The development of noninvasive markers to assess mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis (UC) is essential in the treat-to-target era. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of intestinal ultrasound (IUS), fecal calprotectin (FC), and their combination to assess mucosal healing in UC patients.

Methods
All consecutive patients between January 2021 and September 2022 with UC who underwent a complete colonoscopy and IUS and/or an FC test within 4 weeks were included in a prospective cohort. Bowel wall thickness (BWT) and the color Doppler signal (CDS) were assessed for each segment. Endoscopic mucosal healing was defined by a Mayo score of 0 to 1.

Results
A total of 61 patients were included, of whom 79% showed endoscopic healing (26 Mayo 0 and 11 Mayo 1). Among the patients, 16 (27.6%) of 58 had a BWT &lt;3 mm, and 41 (70.7%) of 58 had no CDS. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of a BWT &lt;3 mm to predict endoscopic mucosal healing were 37%, 77%, 72%, and 44%, respectively. The association of FC &lt;150 µg/g, a BWT &lt;3 mm, and a CDS = 0 increased the specificity and positive predictive value (sensitivity 33%, specificity 94%, positive predictive value 89%, negative predictive value 48%). The combination of a normal IUS, no rectal bleeding, and an FC &lt;172 µg/g identified all patients with mucosal healing.

Conclusion
The combination of IUS and FC is effective in identifying mucosal healing in UC. Noninvasive evaluation of mucosal healing is possible for most UC patients.
Beyond trading: knowledge spillovers and learning-by-exporting in global value chains
Authors: Graf Holger , Mohamed Hoda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Does exporting intermediate goods induce learning from importers? In this paper, we examine to what extent learning from German industries can be explained by knowledge spillovers, channeled through the export of intermediate goods. Our study is based on a sample of 27 German trade partners in 14 manufacturing industries for the period 2004–2016. Using data on patent citations and trading in intermediate goods, we find support for the widely known “learning-by-exporting” hypothesis. Our analyses reveal that citations to German patents are positively related to exported intermediate goods weighted by German R&D expenditure. The relationship between these spillovers and learning seems to be particularly strong in certain industries. We also show that the level of absorptive capacity of the exporting industry-country plays a positive role in mediating these spillovers.
USP25 Promotes the Antimycobacterial Response of Macrophages Through Stabilizing B-Raf and C-Raf
Authors: Fu Yuling , Yang Xiaodan , Ling Qiao , Huang Yulan , You Xiaolong , Nie Dingnai , Sheng Junli , Chen Yitian , Wen Qian , Zhou Xinying , Zhou Chaoying , Hu Shengfeng , Ma Li 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 25 (USP25) is one of the best-characterized deubiquitinating enzymes and plays a vital regulatory role in various biological processes, especially in cancer development and immune regulation. However, the exact role of USP25 and its underlying mechanisms in macrophage activation and immunogenicity during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection remain unclear. In this study, we found that M tuberculosis infection induced USP25 expression in human and mouse macrophages. In particular, USP25 expression is elevated in multiple cell types, especially monocytes, in patients with tuberculosis. Additionally, USP25 deficiency in macrophages and mice resulted in compromised immunity against M tuberculosis infection, accompanied by reduced expressions of various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Mechanistically, USP25 in macrophages promoted the activation of the ERK signaling pathway through deubiquitination and stabilization of B-Raf and C-Raf. These findings collectively suggest the critical roles of USP25 in M tuberculosis infection and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Microparasite screening across four species of decapod crustaceans (Decapoda: Brachyura, Astacidea) in Ireland
Authors: Martin Signe , Cheslett Deborah , Georgieva Simona , O’Connor Ian , Swords Fiona , O’Dwyer Katie 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Decapod crustaceans and their associated fisheries are an important resource globally, and demand for seafood continues to grow alongside a growing human population. With a combined 2023 value of €36 million in Ireland, three species of brachyuran crabs, the velvet crab (Necora puberLinnaeus, 1767), edible crab (Cancer pagurusLinnaeus, 1758), spider crab (Maja squinado Herbst, 1788)), and the European lobster (Homarus gammarusLinnaeus, 1758) are decapods of commercial importance. These species are also important components of their respective ecosystems. Parasite infection can affect the health of crustaceans and may affect population productivity. Microparasites, including paramyxids (Hematodinium spp.) and microsporidians can infect decapod crustaceans and have a range of effects on their hosts. We assessed three microparasites in four crustacean species. Paramarteilia canceri was found in all three crab species, and we provide the first genetic confirmation in spider crabs. A microsporidian associated with cotton crab disease, Ameson sp., was identified in N. puber, along with a second species of microsporidian which will require further classification. None of the three parasite groups were identified in Homarus gammarus. Species of Hematodinium were not identified in any of the species studies. Our work highlights the need for parasite surveys to uncover parasite diversity and prevalence in crustaceans to help elucidate host-parasite interactions, and the potential impacts of parasites.
Maternal obesogenic diet operates at the tumor cell of origin to increase incidence and decrease latency of neurofibromatosis type 1 optic pathway glioma
Authors: Chan Ambrose , Zhang Kailong , Martin Gemma , Bano Sabiha , Chatterjee Jit , Mahto Sarvika , Wang Avery , Gutmann David H , Brossier Nicole M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Pediatric low-grade glioma incidence has been rising in the United States, mirroring the rising rates of pediatric and maternal obesity. Recently, children of obese mothers were demonstrated to develop brain tumors at higher rates. Importantly, obesity in the United States is largely driven by diet, given the prevalence of high-fat and high-sugar (HFHS) food choices. Since high-fat diet exposure can increase embryonic neuroglial progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation, the potential cells of origin for a low-grade glioma, we hypothesized that in utero exposure to an obesogenic diet would modify pediatric brain penetrance and latency by affecting the tumor cell of origin.

Methods
We employed several murine models of the neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) pediatric brain tumor predisposition syndrome, in which optic pathway gliomas (Nf1-OPGs) arise from neuroglial progenitor cells in the embryonic third ventricular zone (TVZ). We exposed dams and offspring to an obesogenic HFHS diet or control chow and analyzed fetal neurodevelopment at E19.5 and tumor formation at 6 weeks–3 months.

Results
Progeny from HFHS diet-exposed dams demonstrated increased TVZ NPC proliferation and glial differentiation. Dietary switch cohorts confirmed that these effects were dependent upon maternal diet, rather than maternal weight. Obesogenic diet (Ob) similarly accelerated glioma formation in a high-penetrance Nf1-OPG strain and increased glioma penetrance in 2 low-penetrance Nf1-OPG strains. In contrast, Ob exposure in the postnatal period alone did not recapitulate these effects.

Conclusions
These findings establish maternal obesogenic diet as a risk factor for murine Nf1-OPG formation, acting in part through in utero effects on the tumor cell of origin.
Effect of Antibiotic Therapy Before Arthrocentesis on Synovial Fluid Cell Count and Differential for Diagnosis of Native Joint Septic Arthritis
Authors: Khodadadi Ryan B , Damronglerd Pansachee , McHugh Jack W , El Zein Said , Lahr Brian D , Yuan Brandon J , Abu Saleh Omar M , Suh Gina A , Tande Aaron J 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We examined the effect of preoperative antibiotic exposure and duration on synovial fluid samples from patients with native joint septic arthritis of the hip/knee. While exposure before diagnostic arthrocentesis did not affect fluid parameters, increased duration was associated with a decreased total nucleated cell count, underscoring the complex antibiotic effects on synovial fluid parameters.
An Undeclared War
Authors: Ostovar Afshon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the Iranian-Israeli conflict and its dangerous escalations. Across 2020 and 2021, Iran experienced numerous industrial accidents and sabotage attacks. The most destructive incidents hit strategic facilities linked to Iran’s military and its nuclear program and were attributed to Israel. Israel’s covert campaign included the assassination of Mohsen Fakhrizadeh, the IRGC’s top nuclear official, and an explosive attack inside the Natanz enrichment plant. Israel’s campaign aimed at imposing costs on Iran and slowing down its nuclear program. Iran was unswayed, broke from the JCPOA, proceeded with nuclear advancements, and retaliated by targeting Israeli-linked ships and tankers in the Gulf of Oman. Iran could not respond to Israel in kind, but the threat of its weapons proliferation to Gaza was showcased in the 11-day war, which included the launching of over 4,300 rockets into Israel by Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad in May 2021.
Epilogue
Authors: Ostovar Afshon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the diverging trajectories of Iran and its adversaries. The Saudi-Iranian détente, which followed Iran’s rapprochement with the UAE, signaled the desire of Gulf Arab states to move past their conflict with Iran. Without securing change in Iranian policies, such diplomatic gestures were acknowledgments of Iran’s victory in regional competition. China’s brokerage of the Saudi-Iranian détente signaled its role as potential peacemaker, yet China’s need to balance relations also suggested that it could not easily enforce stability. The rise of the far right in Israel’s government enflamed tensions with Palestinians and sparked massive protests by secular Israelis, complicating Israel’s foreign relations, and suiting Iran’s goal of weakening the Jewish state. Hamas’s attacks on Israel on October 7, 2023, portended another cycle of regional conflict. As Israel went to war in Gaza, Iran and its regional clients threatened to intervene, launching attacks on Israel and U.S. forces in Syria and Iraq as a collective show of force.
Five Ballets from Paris and St. Petersburg
Authors: Fullington Doug , Smith Marian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This book offers something entirely new: detailed scene-by-scene descriptions of the action and dancing of five classic ballets, bringing the reader far closer to what the audience saw when the curtain went up on Giselle, Paquita, Le Corsaire, La Bayadère, and Raymonda than has heretofore been possible. Drawing on archival documents, the authors show that (among other things) the classic story ballets could be more like today’s pop entertainment: funnier, more violent, more spectacular, and with female characters far stronger than one might expect. This rigorously researched book fills huge gaps in dance history and is bound to be of interest to practitioners, scholars, and devotees of ballet and the arts.
La Bayadère
Authors: Fullington Doug , Smith Marian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the genesis of Marius Petipa’s 1877 La Bayadère, including the various influences and inspirations that informed the narrative. A discussion of the musical score by Ludwig Minkus focuses on the composer’s use of recurring motifs as well as tropes intended to evoke the exoticism of India and the East. A chronicle of La Bayadère’s St. Petersburg performance history between 1877 and 1902 leads to an examination of source material, including Petipa’s preparatory notes, an unusually detailed mime script, a rich choreographic notation made circa 1900 in the Stepanov method by Nikolai Sergeyev, and an Imperial-era répétiteur and piano reduction. A subsequent description of the ballet’s action, choreography, and mime, based on these materials, reveals how Petipa’s plans were ultimately manifested in the stage production. Finally, the chapter chronicles further St. Petersburg/Petrograd performance history as well Sergeyev’s multiple efforts to stage La Bayadère’s famed Kingdom of the Shades scene in the West.
Palestinian Imprisonment in Israel
Authors: Bernstein Alyssa G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In 1967, Israel occupied the West Bank and Gaza Strip and dramatically increased the number of Palestinians under its control. The chapter provides background on this imprisonment over time, including an analysis of numbers of those arrested and imprisoned over time, both from 1967 and since the Oslo Accords. It examines how this has affected the ability of the Prisoners Movement to mobilize. The chapter also explains types of prisons, Israeli law on prison, interrogation, and administrative detention, or indefinite detention without known evidence, among other concepts. It explores the restrictive conditions that Palestinian security-classified prisoners are placed under in contrast to Jewish security-classified prisoners.
Whose Arbitration Is It Anyway—The Parties’ or the Arbitration Tribunal’s?
Authors: Wordsworth Sam , Veeder Marie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To many arbitrators, the debate of who owns the arbitration is sterile in a practical sense, as it is the parties’ dispute and they can settle in whatever manner and on whatever terms they wish. Yet, the perennial nature of the debate suggests that this apparently simple question is much more complicated. This chapter considers complications concerning (i) the problem of arbitrators seeking to second-guess the interests of the parties, (ii) the difference between an arbitral tribunal and a court, and (iii) the scope for being diverted by theoretical issues. It is explained that the arbitration is the parties’ arbitration, but the arbitrator is the master of the award. Consideration is also given to the history of awarding interest, both simple and compound.
Who Are the Arbitrators?
Authors: Wordsworth Sam , Veeder Marie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
International arbitration is complicated, given its global reach among different participants from disparate cultures and jurisdictions. It is surprising that the practice of arbitration does not reflect the broad diversity available to the arbitral community and that the collective attention of many in that community has still not succeeded in removing the unfairness and sheer waste of discrimination based on grounds of gender and race. This chapter highlights this absence of diversity in the appointment of arbitrators and counsel, pointing to unconscious or institutionalized discrimination and the need of course to address this in a system that professes to be based on reason and equality.
Institutional Constraints across Dimensions and Presidential Cabinet Choices
Authors: Lee Don S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores how the four political institutions examined separately in the four previous empirical chapters, namely the legislature, the ruling party, the party system, and the bureaucracy, interact with each other and affect the president’s cabinet appointments. Given that presidential appointment decisions are made in complicated circumstances, examining the effects of interaction among various institutions has clear implications. Testing the impact of six interaction conditions through statistical analysis, this chapter presents the two main findings. First, the ruling party dimension plays a central role in closely interacting with other institutions and mostly produces the predicted effects on cabinet appointments. Second, the party system dimension does not seem to conform to the main prediction when it interacts with other institutions, particularly the legislature and the bureaucracy.
The Synagogue of the Revolution
Authors: Jortner Adam 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses Mikveh Israel, the synagogue founded in the American Revolution. Philadelphia was the last place under patriot rule that held any kind of established Jewish presence. Thus, Philadelphia became a magnet for Jewish political refugees moving from Savannah, Charleston, New York, and other British-held areas. Patriot Jews re-founded Mikveh Israel as a national organization, with patriot leadership from across the country. This made the Jews one of the first national religious organizations in the independent United States. Mikveh Israel had numerous internal divides, but it presented a united public face in seeking full civil rights for Jews. Mikveh Israel studied constitutions and laws and submitted its suggestions to the Americans writing new constitutions. American Judaism owes its origin to the revolution, since patriot Jews lived in a single community, founded a synagogue, and remade their own synagogues in the image of Mikhveh Israel when they returned home.
Epilogue
Authors: Craft Elizabeth T. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The legacies of George M. Cohan—the mythologization of Broadway, the Americanization of the musical, the songs epitomizing patriotism—live on in powerful ways. The epilogue traces these legacies, which include the Cohan memorial statue in New York, George M! (1968) and other biographical musicals, and the varied uses of his patriotic songs. Cohan’s legacies have been shaped, the epilogue demonstrates, by the discourses explicated in this book—of celebrity, of business and labor, of entertainment, and of American identity and patriotism. Like Cohan himself and the place he occupied in US society, his legacies are also filled with contradictions.
Minimalism and Excess
Authors: Oyallon-Koloski Jenny 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Jacques Demy’s Les Demoiselles de Rochefort (1967) repeats choreographed phrases—citations of Hollywood musicals, choreographer Norman Maen’s original creations, and Demy’s simple staging of actors—to withhold the romantic pairings associated with the genre and keep the viewer in suspense about the outcome. Because of the disconnect between French film and dance culture in the mid-1960s, the musical production had an international corps of dancers and a coproduction arrangement with Seven Arts Productions, which stipulated casting a few American actors as well: Grover Dale, George Chakiris, and Gene Kelly. Despite the coproduction’s American funding, the filmmakers were still working with limited resources relative to the norms in Hollywood. Demy’s rigorous staging of minimalist figure and camera movement makes even the simplest gestures during musical numbers part of the film’s intricate patterns, allowing the viewer to discover new details and parallels upon each subsequent viewing of this transnational musical.