bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blood volumes in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Hilberath JN , Smith T , Jara C , Thomas M , FitzGerald DJ , Muehlschlegel JD 
Published: September 2014

Purpose: Total blood volume (TBV) estimation potentially impacts various aspects of cardiac surgical care, including pharmacological and transfusion interventions, hemodynamic and volume management and perfusion equipment selection. TBV is commonly computed during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), using standardized formulae. We hypothesized that these equations fail to accurately predict individual blood volume variability. The aim of this study was to determine TBV with a dilution technique and compare the results to commonly utilized TBV calculations. Methods: After institutional review board approval, data was prospectively collected and analyzed for 101 patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Hematocrits (Hct) just prior to and immediately after the initiation of CPB were used to calculate the TBV. Results were compared to (1) the Allen formula and (2) weight-based standards (70 ml/kg for males (SM); 65 ml/kg for females (SF)). Results: The average dilution TBV (male: 4684 ± 1641 ml; female: 3027 ± 1067 ml; total: 4175 ± 1617 ml) was significantly smaller (p<0.05) than TBV estimated by Allen’s formula (male: 6328 ± 973 ml; female: 4167 ± 643 ml; total: 5665 ± 1134 ml) and weight-based standards (male: 6278 ± 1256 ml; female: 4924 ± 1064 ml; total: 5862 ± 1350 ml). Allen’s formula and the weight-based standards correlated strongly (R2 = 0.821, p<0.001), suggesting similar estimates of TBV when using these methods. In contrast, hemodilution correlated poorly with the estimates by Allen (R2 = 0.221, p<0.001) and weight-based formulae (R2 = 0.122, p<0.001), suggesting different TBV computation. Conclusions: The dilution method during CPB for TBV estimation is applicable and reproducible in the cardiac surgical arena and can be utilized to calculate TBV. Our results suggest that traditional TBV assessment in cardiac surgical patients by Allen’s and weight-based formulae lacks the desired accuracy in estimating true TBV.
A generalization on weak contractions in partially ordered b-metric spaces and its application to quadratic integral equations
Authors: Allahyari Reza , Arab Reza , Shole Haghighi Ali 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe introduce the notion of almost generalized(ψ,φ,L)-contractive mappings, and establish the coincidence and common fixed point results for this class of mappings in partially ordered completeb-metric spaces. Our results extend and improve several known results from the context of ordered metric spaces to the setting of orderedb-metric spaces. As an application, we prove the existence of a unique solution to a class of nonlinear quadratic integral equations.
On modular inequalities of interval-valued fuzzy soft sets characterized by soft J-inclusions
Authors: Liu Xiaoyan , Feng Feng , Yager Ronald R , Davvaz Bijan , Khan Madad 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This study aims to explore modular inequalities of interval-valued fuzzy soft sets characterized by Jun’s soft J-inclusions. Using soft product operations of interval-valued fuzzy soft sets, we first investigate some basic properties of soft J-inclusions and soft L-inclusions. Then a new concept called upward directed interval-valued fuzzy soft sets is defined and some equivalent characterizations are presented. Furthermore, we consider modular laws in lattice theory and find that classical modular inequalities in lattice theory are not valid for interval-valued fuzzy soft sets. Finally, we present some interesting inequalities of interval-valued fuzzy soft sets by virtue of soft J-inclusions and related notions.

MSC:03E72.
Lymph node enlargement after definitive chemoradiotherapy for clinical stage I esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hayashi Yoshito , Nishida Tsutomu , Tsujii Masahiko , Tsutsui Shusaku , Yamamoto Katsumi , Isohashi Fumiaki , Yamasaki Makoto , Miyata Hiroshi , Kato Motohiko , Yamada Takuya , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Iijima Hideki , Ogawa Kazuhiko , Doki Yuichiro , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is an effective modality for stage I esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, salvage treatments are often required even if complete response (CR) has been achieved. To this end, it is important to accurately diagnose lymph node or other organ metastatic recurrences. Note that lymph node enlargements (except metastatic recurrence) are often detected during the follow-up period after CRT. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the clinical characteristics of lymph node enlargement after CRT.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, patients diagnosed with stage I (T1 [submucosal invasion] N0M0) ESCC were treated with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil concurrently with radiotherapy. A total of 55 patients were enrolled in the study from February 2006 to August 2011.

Results
The median follow-up period was 46 months. The 3-year overall and progression-free survival rates were 90.7% and 71.2%, respectively, and the CR rate was 87.2% (48/55). Nine of the 48 CR patients were finally diagnosed with recurrences, including 7 lymph node metastases and 2 local recurrences. Lymph node enlargement was initially identified in 20 of the total 55 patients during the follow-up; 9 patients were finally diagnosed with lymph node recurrence, whereas 11 patients had benign reactive lymph node enlargement.

Conclusion
The present study demonstrated the high incidence of enlarged lymph nodes after CRT for stage I ESCC. It is important to accurately distinguish between benign lymph node enlargement and recurrent lymph nodes to avoid unnecessary salvage treatments.
Chiropractors' attitudes toward drug prescription rights: a narrative review
Authors: Emary Peter Charles , Stuber Kent Jason 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background
The right to prescribe drugs remains a contentious issue within the chiropractic profession. Nevertheless, drug prescription by manual therapy providers is currently an important topic. Notably, physiotherapists in the United Kingdom were recently granted limited independent prescribing rights. Reports suggest that physiotherapists in Australia now want those same rights, and as such a review of chiropractors' general attitudes toward drug prescription is needed.

Objective
To examine the literature concerning chiropractors' attitudes toward drug prescription rights and to compare the opinions of chiropractors currently licensed to prescribe medication with those in the profession who are not.

Methods
This was a narrative review, consisting of a formal literature search and summary of included articles. Electronic databases searched included the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, and the Index to Chiropractic Literature. Inclusion criteria consisted of prospective studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals. Studies were required to contain data on chiropractors' opinions toward medication prescription rights.

Results
Of 33 articles identified, a total of seven surveys were included in the review. Of these, there was a general split in opinion among chiropractors regarding the right to prescribe drugs in chiropractic practice. Those supportive of prescribing rights favoured a limited number of over-the-counter and/or prescription-based medications such as analgesics, anti-inflammatories, and muscle relaxants. When questioned on full prescribing rights, however, chiropractors were generally opposed. In jurisdictions where chiropractors are currently licensed to prescribe from a limited formulary, such as in Switzerland, the majority perceived this right as an advantage for the profession. Moreover, continuing education in pharmacology was viewed as a necessary component of this privilege.

Conclusions
Based on the literature to date there is a general split in chiropractors' attitudes toward drug prescription rights. This split is most pronounced in countries where chiropractors are not licensed to prescribe medications. Notwithstanding, this is an important topic in chiropractic currently and warrants both further discussion and research to determine future directions and the implications of either pursuit or denial of prescription rights by chiropractors. Future surveys and/or qualitative studies of other chiropractors' opinions toward gaining prescription privileges would be timely.
The E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM62 and inflammation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy
Authors: Schmidt Franziska , Kny Melanie , Zhu Xiaoxi , Wollersheim Tobias , Persicke Kathleen , Langhans Claudia , Lodka Doerte , Kleber Christian , Weber-Carstens Steffen , Fielitz Jens 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW) complicates the disease course of critically ill patients. Inflammation and acute-phase response occur directly within myocytes and contribute to ICUAW. We observed that tripartite motif-containing 62 (TRIM62), an E3 ubiquitin ligase and modifier of inflammation, is increased in the skeletal muscle of ICUAW patients. We investigated the regulation and function of muscular TRIM62 in critical illness.

Methods
Twenty-six critically ill patients with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores ≥8 underwent two skeletal muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis at median days 5 and 15 in the ICU. Four patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery served as controls. TRIM62 expression and protein content were analyzed in these biopsies. The kinetics of Trim62, Atrogin1 and MuRF1 expression were determined in the gastrocnemius/plantaris and tibialis anterior muscles from mouse models of inflammation-, denervation- and starvation-induced muscle atrophy to differentiate between these contributors to ICUAW. Cultured myocytes were used for mechanistic analyses.

Results
TRIM62 expression and protein content were increased early and remained elevated in muscles from critically ill patients. In all three animal models, muscular Trim62 expression was early and continuously increased. Trim62 was expressed in myocytes, and its overexpression activated the atrophy-inducing activator protein 1 signal transduction pathway. Knockdown of Trim62 by small interfering RNA inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin 6 expression.

Conclusions
TRIM62 is activated in the muscles of critically ill patients. It could play a role in the pathogenesis of ICUAW by activating and maintaining inflammation in myocytes.

Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ID: http://www.controlled-trials.com/ISRCTN77569430 (registered 13 February 2008)
Cas proteins: dodgy scaffolding in breast cancer
Authors: Tornillo Giusy , Defilippi Paola , Cabodi Sara 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe members of the Cas protein family (p130Cas/BCAR1, Nedd9/HEF1, EFS and CASS4) are scaffold proteins required for the assembly of signal transduction complexes in response to several stimuli, such as growth factors, hormones and extracellular matrix components. Given their ability to integrate and coordinate multiple signalling events, Cas proteins have emerged as crucial players in the control of mammary cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. More importantly, it has been found that alterations of their expression levels result in aberrant signalling cascades, which promote initiation and progression of breast cancer. Based on the increasing data from in vitro, mouse model and clinical studies, in this review we will focus on two Cas proteins, p130Cas/BCAR1 and Nedd9, and their coupled signalling pathways, to examine their role in mammary cell transformation and in the acquirement of invasiveness and drug resistance of breast cancer cells.
Significance of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1)expression in claudin-low breast cancer and crosstalk with the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB) pathway
Authors: Colavito Sierra A , Zou Mike R , Yan Qin , Nguyen Don X , Stern David F 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
The recently identified claudin-low subtype of breast cancer is enriched for cells with stem-like and mesenchymal-like characteristics. This subtype is most often triple-negative (lacking the estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR) as well as lacking epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) amplification) and has a poor prognosis. There are few targeted treatment options available for patients with this highly aggressive type of cancer.

Methods
Using a high throughput inhibitor screen, we identified high expression of glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), the effector molecule of the hedgehog (Hh) pathway, as a critical determinant of cell lines that have undergone an epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Results
High GLI1 expression is a property of claudin-low cells and tumors and correlates with markers of EMT and breast cancer stem cells. Knockdown of GLI1 expression in claudin-low cell lines resulted in reduced cell viability, motility, clonogenicity, self-renewal, and reduced tumor growth of orthotopic xenografts. We observed non-canonical activation of GLI1 in claudin-low and EMT cell lines, and identified crosstalk with the NFκB pathway.

Conclusions
This work highlights the importance of GLI1 in the maintenance of characteristics of metastatic breast cancer stem cells. Remarkably, treatment with an inhibitor of the NFκB pathway reproducibly reduces GLI1 expression and protein levels. We further provide direct evidence for the binding of the NFκB subunit p65 to the GLI1 promoter in both EMT and claudin-low cell lines. Our results uncover crosstalk between NFκB and GLI1 signals and suggest that targeting these pathways may be effective against the claudin-low breast cancer subtype.
Spatial and temporal evolution of distal 10q deletion, a prognostically unfavorable event in diffuse low-grade gliomas
Authors: van Thuijl Hinke F , Scheinin Ilari , Sie Daoud , Alentorn Agusti , van Essen Hendrik F , Cordes Martijn , Fleischeuer Ruth , Gijtenbeek Anja M , Beute Guus , van den Brink Wimar A , Meijer Gerrit A , Havenith Miek , Idbaih Ahmed , Hoang-Xuan Khê , Mokhtari Karima , Verhaak Roel GW , van der Valk Paul , van de Wiel Mark A , Heimans Jan J , Aronica Eleonora , Reijneveld Jaap C , Wesseling Pieter , Ylstra Bauke 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Background
The disease course of patients with diffuse low-grade glioma is notoriously unpredictable. Temporal and spatially distinct samples may provide insight into the evolution of clinically relevant copy number aberrations (CNAs). The purpose of this study is to identify CNAs that are indicative of aggressive tumor behavior and can thereby complement the prognostically favorable 1p/19q co-deletion.

Results
Genome-wide, 50 base pair single-end sequencing was performed to detect CNAs in a clinically well-characterized cohort of 98 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded low-grade gliomas. CNAs are correlated with overall survival as an endpoint. Seventy-five additional samples from spatially distinct regions and paired recurrent tumors of the discovery cohort were analyzed to interrogate the intratumoral heterogeneity and spatial evolution. Loss of 10q25.2-qter is a frequent subclonal event and significantly correlates with an unfavorable prognosis. A significant correlation is furthermore observed in a validation set of 126 and confirmation set of 184 patients. Loss of 10q25.2-qter arises in a longitudinal manner in paired recurrent tumor specimens, whereas the prognostically favorable 1p/19q co-deletion is the only CNA that is stable across spatial regions and recurrent tumors.

Conclusions
CNAs in low-grade gliomas display extensive intratumoral heterogeneity. Distal loss of 10q is a late onset event and a marker for reduced overall survival in low-grade glioma patients. Intratumoral heterogeneity and higher frequencies of distal 10q loss in recurrences suggest this event is involved in outgrowth to the recurrent tumor.
A general framework for analyzing tumor subclonality using SNP array and DNA sequencing data
Authors: Li Bo , Li Jun Z 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntra-tumor heterogeneity reflects cancer genome evolution and provides key information for diagnosis and treatment. When bulk tumor tissues are profiled for somatic copy number alterations (sCNA) and point mutations, it may be difficult to estimate their cellular fractions when a mutation falls within a sCNA. We present the Clonal Heterogeneity Analysis Tool, which estimates cellular fractions for both sCNAs and mutations, and uses their distributions to inform macroscopic clonal architecture. In a set of approximately 700 breast tumors, more than half appear to contain multiple recognizable aneuploid tumor clones, and many show subtype-specific differences in clonality for known cancer genes.
Whole-genome haplotyping approaches and genomic medicine
Authors: Glusman Gustavo , Cox Hannah C , Roach Jared C 
Published: September 2014

AbstractGenomic information reported as haplotypes rather than genotypes will be increasingly important for personalized medicine. Current technologies generate diploid sequence data that is rarely resolved into its constituent haplotypes. Furthermore, paradigms for thinking about genomic information are based on interpreting genotypes rather than haplotypes. Nevertheless, haplotypes have historically been useful in contexts ranging from population genetics to disease-gene mapping efforts. The main approaches for phasing genomic sequence data are molecular haplotyping, genetic haplotyping, and population-based inference. Long-read sequencing technologies are enabling longer molecular haplotypes, and decreases in the cost of whole-genome sequencing are enabling the sequencing of whole-chromosome genetic haplotypes. Hybrid approaches combining high-throughput short-read assembly with strategic approaches that enable physical or virtual binning of reads into haplotypes are enabling multi-gene haplotypes to be generated from single individuals. These techniques can be further combined with genetic and population approaches. Here, we review advances in whole-genome haplotyping approaches and discuss the importance of haplotypes for genomic medicine. Clinical applications include diagnosis by recognition of compound heterozygosity and by phasing regulatory variation to coding variation. Haplotypes, which are more specific than less complex variants such as single nucleotide variants, also have applications in prognostics and diagnostics, in the analysis of tumors, and in typing tissue for transplantation. Future advances will include technological innovations, the application of standard metrics for evaluating haplotype quality, and the development of databases that link haplotypes to disease.
Weak "Equation missing" -contractions on partially ordered metric spaces and applications to boundary value problems
Authors: Karapınar Erdal , Erhan Inci M , Aksoy Ümit 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A class of weak

ψ

-contractions satisfying the

C

-condition is defined on metric spaces. The existence and uniqueness of fixed points of such maps are discussed both on metric spaces and on partially ordered metric spaces. The results are applied to a first order periodic boundary value problem.

MSC: 47H10, 54H25.
Periodic solutions of semi-explicit differential-algebraic equations with time-dependent constraints
Authors: Bisconti Luca , Calamai Alessandro , Spadini Marco 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this paper we investigate the properties of the set of T-periodic solutions of semi-explicit parametrized differential-algebraic equations with non-autonomous constraints of a particular type. We provide simple, degree-theoretic conditions for the existence of branches of T-periodic solutions of the considered equations. Our approach is based on topological arguments as regards differential equations on implicitly defined manifolds, combined with elementary facts of matrix analysis.

MSC: 34A09, 34C25, 34C40.
Existence and multiplicity results for a degenerate quasilinear elliptic system near resonance
Authors: An Yu-Cheng , Lu Xiong , Suo Hong-Min 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We establish existence and multiplicity results for weak solutions of a degenerate quasilinear elliptic system. By using Ekeland’s variational principle, the mountain pass theorem and the saddle point theorem in critical point theory, we obtain the existence of one or three solutions for an elliptic system with Dirichlet boundary conditions under some restriction on

λ

. This kind of results was firstly obtained by Mawhin and Schmitt (Ann. Pol. Math. 51:241-248, 1990) for a semilinear two-point boundary value problem.
Multiplicity of solutions for Kirchhoff-type problems involving critical growth
Authors: Zhou Chenxing , Miao Fenghua , Liang Sihua , Song Yueqiang 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this paper, by using the concentration-compactness principle and the variational method, we obtain a multiplicity result for Kirchhoff-type problems involving critical growth in bounded domains.

MSC: 35J70, 35B20.
About Dirichlet boundary value problem for the heat equation in the infinite angular domain
Authors: he Jenaliyev Muvasharkhan , Amangaliyeva Meiramkul , Kosmakova Minzilya , Ramazanov Murat 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this paper it is established that in an infinite angular domain for Dirichlet problem of the heat conduction equation the unique (up to a constant factor) non-trivial solution exists, which does not belong to the class of summable functions with the found weight. It is shown that for the adjoint boundary value problem the unique (up to a constant factor) non-trivial solution exists, which belongs to the class of essentially bounded functions with the weight found in the work. It is proved that the operator of a boundary value problem of heat conductivity in an infinite angular domain in a class of growing functions is Noetherian with an index which is equal to minus one.

MSC: 35D05, 35K20, 45D05.
Change in the pulp chamber temperature with different stripping techniques
Authors: Pereira José Carlos d'Ornellas , Weissheimer André , de Menezes Luciane Macedo , de Lima Eduardo Martinelli Santayana , Mezomo Maurício 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study is to evaluate the change in pulp chamber temperature during the stripping technique.

Methods
Seventy-eight proximal surfaces of 39 extracted human teeth were stripped by two techniques: double-sided perforated stripping disk (PSD) and handheld stripper (HS). The teeth were divided into three groups: incisors (group 1), premolars (2), and molars (3). A J type thermocouple was inserted into the pulp chamber for temperature evaluation during the stripping procedure.

Results
Temperature rise was observed in all groups. The average temperature increase for the incisors was 2.58°C (±0.27°C) with PSD and 1.24°C (±0.3°C) with HS; for the premolars, 2.64°C (±0.29°C) with PSD and 0.96°C (±0.39°C) with HS; and for the molars, 2.48°C (±0.38°C) with PSD and 0.92°C (±0.18°C) with HS. There was significant difference (p < 0.001) in pulp temperature variation among the stripping techniques evaluated. Greater variations in the temperature were observed for the stripping technique with PSD for all groups (3.1°C in incisors and premolars, 3.2°C in molars). Stripping performed with HS had minor differences in pulp temperature (1.7°C in incisors, 1.9°C in premolars, and 1.2°C in molars) than those in PSD group. However, the temperature variation was less than the critical threshold (5.5°C) in all groups. The results for teeth group comparison showed no significant difference in the temperature variation.

Conclusions
The stripping technique with PSD produced significant increase in pulp temperature, with no differences between the types of teeth. However, it may not be clinically relevant, and both stripping techniques can be used safely.