bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A high cell density transient transfection system for therapeutic protein expression based on a CHO GS‐knockout cell line: Process development and product quality assessment
Authors: Rajendra Yashas , Hougland Maria D. , Alam Riazul , Morehead Teresa A. , Barnard Gavin C. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTTransient gene expression (TGE) is a rapid method for the production of recombinant proteins in mammalian cells. While the volumetric productivity of TGE has improved significantly over the past decade, most methods involve extensive cell line engineering and plasmid vector optimization in addition to long fed batch cultures lasting up to 21 days. Our colleagues have recently reported the development of a CHO K1SV GS‐KO host cell line. By creating a bi‐allelic glutamine synthetase knock out of the original CHOK1SV host cell line, they were able to improve the efficiency of generating high producing stable CHO lines for drug product manufacturing. We developed a TGE method using the same CHO K1SV GS‐KO host cell line without any further cell line engineering. We also refrained from performing plasmid vector engineering. Our objective was to setup a TGE process to mimic protein quality attributes obtained from stable CHO cell line. Polyethyleneimine (PEI)‐mediated transfections were performed at high cell density (4 × 106 cells/mL) followed by immediate growth arrest at 32°C for 7 days. Optimizing DNA and PEI concentrations proved to be important. Interestingly, found the direct transfection method (where DNA and PEI were added sequentially) to be superior to the more common indirect method (where DNA and PEI are first pre‐complexed). Moreover, the addition of a single feed solution and a polar solvent (N,N dimethylacetamide) significantly increased product titers. The scalability of process from 2 mL to 2 L was demonstrated using multiple proteins and multiple expression volumes. Using this simple, short, 7‐day TGE process, we were able to successfully produce 54 unique proteins in a fraction of the time that would have been required to produce the respective stable CHO cell lines. The list of 54 unique proteins includes mAbs, bispecific antibodies, and Fc‐fusion proteins. Antibody titers of up to 350 mg/L were achieved with the simple 7‐day process. Titers were increased to 1 g/L by extending the culture to 16 days. We also present two case studies comparing product quality of material generated by transient HEK293, transient CHO K1SV GS‐KO, and stable CHO K1SV KO pool. Protein from transient CHO was more representative of stable CHO protein compared to protein produced from HEK293. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 977–986. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and deployment of a new robotics toolbox for education
Authors: Gil Arturo , Reinoso Oscar , Marin Jose Maria , Paya Luis , Ruiz Javier 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a new toolbox focussed on the teaching of robotic manipulators. The library works under Matlab and has been designed to strengthen the theoretical concepts explained during the theory lectures. The educational approach is focussed on teaching the main concepts through developing math modeling and simulation. In order to do this, the toolbox aims at the fulfillment of a set of practical sessions that allow the students to test most of the concepts of an introductory course in robotic manipulators. In addition, the library possesses features that typically needed the usage of proprietary software, such as the visualization of a realistic 3D representation of commercial robotic arms and the programming of those arms in an industrial language. The practices include the concepts of direct and inverse kinematics, inverse and direct dynamics, path planning and robot programming. As a transversal practice, during the sessions, the student is asked to choose and integrate a new robotic arm in the library, proposing a particular solution to the direct and inverse kinematic problem, as well as the inclusion of other important parameters. The library has been deployed during the last year in bachelor and master studies and has received a nice acceptance. Finally, the library has been assessed in terms of usefulness, design and usage by means of a student survey. In addition, the surveys were designed to establish a relation between the student perception of the system, the time spent on the tool and their learning achievements. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 23:443–454, 2015; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21615
Foreign brands in local cultures: A socio‐cultural perspective of postmodern brandscapes
Authors: Al‐Mutawa Fajer Saleh , Elliott Richard , Nuttall Peter 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to explore how the consumption of foreign brands may operate in a local culture (specifically, the consumption of Western luxury fashion brands among Muslim women in Kuwait). Field observations were conducted in Kuwait, and a qualitative questionnaire was administered to 50 Muslim female consumers. Although not a common method for qualitative research, the benefits of using a qualitative questionnaire are highlighted. The findings show that the socio‐cultural dynamics in Kuwait (mainly religion and tradition) may restrict the expression of certain behaviour (such as female sexuality and dating). However, Muslim women make use of Western luxury fashion brands as postmodern brandscapes (fragmented and constantly negotiated use of a symbolic brand to actively construct lifestyle orientations and personal meanings among one's neo‐tribe) to manifest their expressions of sexuality in alternative ways. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bio‐Inspired Transition Metal–Organic Hydride Conjugates for Catalysis of Transfer Hydrogenation: Experiment and Theory
Authors: McSkimming Alex , Chan Bun , Bhadbhade Mohan M. , Ball Graham E. , Colbran Stephen B. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractTaking inspiration from yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (yADH), a benzimidazolium (BI+) organic hydride‐acceptor domain has been coupled with a 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen) metal‐binding domain to afford a novel multifunctional ligand (LBI+) with hydride‐carrier capacity (LBI++H−⇌LBIH). Complexes of the type [Cp*M(LBI)Cl][PF6]2 (M=Rh, Ir) have been made and fully characterised by cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis spectroelectrochemistry, and, for the IrIII congener, X‐ray crystallography. [Cp*Rh(LBI)Cl][PF6]2 catalyses the transfer hydrogenation of imines by formate ion in very goods yield under conditions where the corresponding [Cp*Ir(LBI)Cl][PF6] and [Cp*M(phen)Cl][PF6] (M=Rh, Ir) complexes are almost inert as catalysts. Possible alternatives for the catalysis pathway are canvassed, and the free energies of intermediates and transition states determined by DFT calculations. The DFT study supports a mechanism involving formate‐driven RhH formation (90 kJ mol−1 free‐energy barrier), transfer of hydride between the Rh and BI+ centres to generate a tethered benzimidazoline (BIH) hydride donor, binding of imine substrate at Rh, back‐transfer of hydride from the BIH organic hydride donor to the Rh‐activated imine substrate (89 kJ mol−1 barrier), and exergonic protonation of the metal‐bound amide by formic acid with release of amine product to close the catalytic cycle. Parallels with the mechanism of biological hydride transfer in yADH are discussed.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Biotinylated Multivalent Targeted Contrast Agent
Authors: Gündüz Serhat , Power Anthony , Maier Martin E. , Logothetis Nikos K. , Angelovski Goran 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA new bimodal and multivalent dendritic contrast agent (CA) that targets the protein avidin was prepared and characterized. The tripartite lysine core was used to link the ligand biotin, the fluorescent dye, and the dendron carrying GdDOTA (DOTA=1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid) chelates for amplification of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal. The longitudinal relaxivity of this dendrimeric CA was greater than those of its GdDOTA chelate and most of the common commercial agents at the investigated high magnetic field (7 T). The capacity of the dendrimeric CA to bind to the target protein was confirmed by fluorescence measurements upon its treatment with NeutrAvidin–agarose gel or NeutrAvidin‐coated microspheres and the results were compared with those of its monomeric analogue. The fluorescence intensity of monomer‐treated targets was found to be greater than that from those treated with dendrimeric CA; however, a several‐fold increase in the MRI signal was observed on the same samples treated with the dendrimeric CA. The inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis of the digested samples indicated somewhat higher Gd3+ content and hence slightly better binding of monomeric versus dendrimeric CA. This bimodal and multivalent targeted probe opens an avenue for the preparation of new nanosized CAs that allow high‐resolution MRI of various targets, such as cellular receptors or specific cellular populations.
Bemessungsbeispiele – Nachweisführung nach dem vereinfachten Verfahren
Authors: Schermer Detleff 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDie Regelungen im vereinfachten Verfahren von Eurocode 6, Teil 3 [4] mit dem zugehörigen Nationalen Anhang erlauben es, in wenigen Schritten rechnerische Nachweise von Mauerwerksbauteilen durchzuführen. Anhand mehrerer Bauteilnachweise aus der Praxis wird im Folgenden die Nachweisführung nach dem vereinfachten Verfahren dargestellt. Es ist erkennbar, dass bei Einhaltung der Anforderungen an das vereinfachte Verfahren sich die rechnerische Nachweisführung sehr einfach gestaltet und der größte Zeitaufwand in der Lastermittlung der einzelnen Bauteile liegt. Eine weitere Vereinfachung, die jedoch etwas stärkere Einschränkungen des Anwendungsbereiches bedingt, ist durch das im Anhang A angegebene sog. stark vereinfachte Verfahren gegeben.Design examples – Analysis according to simpified calculation methods. Using the simplified calculation methods for unreinforced masonry structures of Eurocode 6‐3 is a very quick and easy way to design unreinforced masonry structures. In the following paper several examples of the design of strucutral members are given. Practical experience shows that the main effort of the design process results from the structural analysis and the determination of the axial force in the masonry walls. A further simplification ist possible for strucutres according to annex A.
Synthesis of Monodisperse SrTi1–xZrxO3 Nanocubes in Oleate by a Two‐Phase Solvothermal Method
Authors: Friderichs Christian , Zotov Nikolay , Mader Werner 
Published: December 2014

AbstractNanocubes of mixed‐crystal perovskites SrTi1–xZrxO3 (x = 0.25–0.6) were obtained in a two‐phase oil/water solvothermal environment. In an optically transparent autoclave, the evolution of an alkali metal oleate phase at the oil/water interface was monitored; this phase is the environment for nucleation and growth of the nanocrystals. The typical synthesis yields monodisperse nanocubes with an edge length of 10 nm. The size and shape of the nanoparticles do not depend on the Zr content and, most remarkably, do not vary with reaction time. We propose a growth mechanism that depends on the accessibility of the metal hydroxyalkanoate monomers to the growing crystal: after the formation of {100} facets, they are densely capped by oleate ion surfactants, and monomers are no longer able to attach. Increasing the reaction time only increases the amount of nanoparticles formed. As determined by Raman spectroscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, the nanoparticles have the cubic (Pm$\bar {3}$m) perovskite structure and have an excess of B‐site ions (Ti + Zr), which is explained by a terminating Ti/Zr + O surface layer of the nanocubes. The monodisperse particles self‐assemble to form monolayers on a support.
Photo‐ and Electrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 by [Re(CO)3{α,α′‐Diimine‐(4‐piperidinyl‐1,8‐naphthalimide)}Cl] Complexes
Authors: Franco Federico , Cometto Claudio , Garino Claudio , Minero Claudio , Sordello Fabrizio , Nervi Carlo , Gobetto Roberto 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe effects of the highly fluorescent 4‐piperidinyl‐1,8‐naphthalimide (PNI) chromophore on the CO2 reduction catalytic properties of rhenium‐based catalysts are investigated herein. In particular, the electro‐ and photocatalytic CO2 reduction features of [Re(CO)3(bpy)Cl] (bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) are compared with the activity of [Re(CO)3(phen–PNI)Cl] (phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline), which is known for its long excited‐state lifetime. Moreover, another Re complex, namely [Re(CO)3(bpy–Ph–PNI)Cl], has been synthesized and tested as an electro‐ and photocatalyst. The catalytic properties of the selected compounds were studied by means of electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry and controlled‐potential electrolysis) and photophysical measurements together with DFT calculations. [Re(CO)3(bpy–Ph–PNI)Cl] showed good electrocatalytic efficiency toward selective CO2 reduction to CO, as well as reduced electrocatalytic overpotential.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of Fluorinated Nitriles and Diaryl Ketones Through a Selective C–F Bond Functionalization Under Mild Conditions
Authors: Yang Guang‐Hui , Liu Ming , Li Na , Wu Ran , Chen Xu , Pan Ling‐Ling , Gao Shang , Huang Xing , Wang Chen , Yu Chuan‐Ming 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA highly efficient and simple procedure was developed to synthesize substituted fluorinated nitriles and diaryl ketones under mild conditions from polyfluorobenzenes and phenylacetonitriles. This coupling process was achieved by using a selective C–F bond functionalization without a transition‐metal catalyst. The reactions had good functional group tolerance and provided the products in moderate to excellent yields.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Bio‐oils from Hawthorn Stones: A Box–Behnken Design for the Extraction Parameters
Authors: Akalın Mehmet Kuddusi , Akyüz Mehmet , Karagöz Selhan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHawthorn stones, a waste biomass, were subjected to supercritical ethanol extraction to obtain bio‐oils. Optimization of the extraction parameters was performed according to the Box–Behnken design to estimate the effects of extraction temperature, extraction time, and biomass concentration on the yields of the bio‐oil and the conversion of the biomass. High correlation coefficients (R2) were obtained. The values of R2 were 0.90 and 0.98 % for bio‐oil and biomass conversion, respectively. The validity of the model used in this procedure was indicated by the consistent matching of predicted values with the experimental values. The experimental results demonstrated that the optimized conditions fell within the range of the experimental design.
A pilot randomized controlled trial evaluating an integrated treatment of rivastigmine transdermal patch and cognitive stimulation in patients with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: D'Onofrio Grazia , Sancarlo Daniele , Addante Filomena , Ciccone Filomena , Cascavilla Leandro , Paris Francesco , Elia Anna Chiara , Nuzzaci Claudia , Picoco Michele , Greco Antonio , Panza Francesco , Pilotto Alberto 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate in a pilot single‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial the efficacy of an integrated treatment with rivastigmine transdermal patch (RTP) and cognitive stimulation (CS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients at 6‐month follow‐up.MethodsWe enrolled 90 patients with an age ≥65 years admitted to the outpatient Alzheimer's Evaluation Unit with diagnosis of AD. Patients were randomized to enter in the Group‐1 (RTP + CS) or in the Group‐2 (RTP). All patients at baseline and after 6 months were evaluated with the following tools: Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM‐D), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Neuropsychiatric Inventory‐Distress (NPI‐D), and a standardized Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, including also activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Mortality risk was assessed using the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI).ResultsAt baseline no significant difference was shown between the two groups. After 6 months of follow‐up, there were significant differences between Group‐1 and Group‐2 in: MMSE: +6.39% vs. +2.69%, CDR: +6.92% vs. +1.54%, HDRS‐D = −60.7% vs. −45.8%, GDS: −60.9% vs. −7.3%, NPI: −55.2% vs. −32.7%%, NPI‐D: −55.1% vs. −18.6%, ADL: +13.88% vs. +5.95%, IADL: +67.59% vs. +18.28%, MNA: +12.02% vs. +5.91%, and MPI: −29.03% vs. −12.90%.ConclusionThe integrated treatment of RTP with CS in AD patients for 6 months improved significantly cognition, depressive and neuropsychiatric symptoms, functional status, and mortality risk in comparison with a group of AD patients receiving only RTP. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On computation of strain‐dependent permeability of rocks and rock‐like porous media
Authors: Shin Hyu Soung , Kim Kwang Yeom , Pande Gyan N. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryDetermination of transport properties of geomaterials is an important issue in many fields of engineering analysis and design. For example, in petroleum engineering, in situ permeability of an oil reservoir may be crucial in establishing its viability for exploitation, whilst prevention of leakage from underground storage facilities for oil and gas, nuclear waste as well as viability of CO2 sequestration projects crucially depends on its long‐term values. Permeability is indirectly related to the porosity, pore‐size distribution and pore architecture of the porous media. These parameters evolve when a strain field is imposed. Physical measurement of permeability under a strain field in laboratory conditions is difficult, expensive and prone to a number of uncertainties. In the past, pore network models have been used to compute permeability of materials under stress/strain‐free conditions. In this paper, we propose an enhanced pore network model to compute permeability of rocks and rock‐like porous media under a stress/strain field. Data of pore‐size distribution obtained from mercury intrusion porosimetry are used to compute permeability of rock samples from various unspecified oilfields in the world. It is shown that the two permeabilities can be predicted from the model with sufficient accuracy. A hypothesis for change in porosity, pore‐size distribution and pore architecture as a result of imposed mechanical strains is then proposed. Based on this, permeability is computed again for one of the rock samples under uniaxial and triaxial compressive and tensile strain fields. It is shown that depending on the state of strain field imposed, permeability evolves in an anisotropic manner. Permeability under tensile strain field increases dramatically compared with the reduction that takes place under compressive strain field of the same magnitude. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A medial‐axis‐based model for propagating cracks in a regularised bulk
Authors: Tamayo‐Mas Elena , Rodríguez‐Ferran Antonio 
Published: December 2014

SummaryA new continuous‐discontinuous strategy for the simulation of failure is presented. The continuous bulk is regularised by means of a gradient‐enhanced damage model, where non‐locality is introduced at the level of displacements. As soon as the damage parameter is close or equal to 1, a traction‐free crack is introduced. To determine the direction of crack growth, a new criterion is proposed. In contrast to traditional techniques, where mechanical criteria are used to define the crack path, here, a geometrical approach is used. More specifically, given a regularised damage field D(x), we propose to propagate the discontinuity following the direction dictated by the medial axis of the isoline (or isosurface in 3D) D(x) = D*. The proposed approach is tested on different two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional examples that illustrate that this combined methodology is able to deal with damage growth and material separation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
General topology optimization method with continuous and discrete orientation design using isoparametric projection
Authors: Nomura Tsuyoshi , Dede Ercan M. , Lee Jaewook , Yamasaki Shintaro , Matsumori Tadayoshi , Kawamoto Atsushi , Kikuchi Noboru 
Published: December 2014

SummaryA general topology optimization method, which is capable of simultaneous design of density and orientation of anisotropic material, is proposed by introducing orientation design variables in addition to the density design variable. In this work, the Cartesian components of the orientation vector are utilized as the orientation design variables. The proposed method supports continuous orientation design, which is out of the scope of discrete material optimization approaches, as well as design using discrete angle sets. The advantage of this approach is that vector element representation is less likely to fail into local optima because it depends less on designs of former steps, especially compared with using the angle as a design variable (Continuous Fiber Angle Optimization) by providing a flexible path from one angle to another with relaxation of orientation design space. An additional advantage is that it is compatible with various projection or filtering methods such as sensitivity filters and density filters because it is free from unphysical bound or discontinuity such as the one at θ = 2π and θ = 0 seen with direct angle representation. One complication of Cartesian component representation is the point‐wise quadratic bound of the design variables; that is, each pair of element values has to reside in a given circular bound. To overcome this issue, we propose an isoparametric projection method, which transforms box bounds into circular bounds by a coordinate transformation with isoparametric shape functions without having the singular point that is seen at the origin with polar coordinate representation. A new topology optimization method is built by taking advantage of the aforementioned features and modern topology optimization techniques. Several numerical examples are provided to demonstrate its capability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polarization‐maintaining Fiber Optics
Authors: Krischke Anja , Knothe Christian , Oechsner Ulrich 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA stable measurement setup is fundamental for any successful measurement. A major cause of frustration and error is the need to continuously readjust optomechanical equipment because of continuous instabilities. The use of fiber optics has proven to increase both stability and convenience significantly when compared with standard free‐beam setups. These modular, complex and self‐contained setups also often increase laser safety and reduce the laser safety classification. The defined interface between a laser source and the more sensitive environment of the measurement setup provides the physical separation that enables a mechanical and thermal decoupling, suppressing mutually negative effects.