bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ensemble modelling to predict the distribution of vulnerable marine ecosystems indicator taxa on data‐limited seamounts of Cabo Verde (NW Africa)
Authors: Vinha Beatriz , Murillo Francisco Javier , Schumacher Mia , Hansteen Thor H. , Schwarzkopf Franziska U. , Biastoch Arne , Kenchington Ellen , Piraino Stefano , Orejas Covadonga , Huvenne Veerle A. I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAimSeamounts are conspicuous geological features with an important ecological role and can be considered vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs). Since many deep‐sea regions remain largely unexplored, investigating the occurrence of VME taxa on seamounts is challenging. Our study aimed to predict the distribution of four cold‐water coral (CWC) taxa, indicators for VMEs, in a region where occurrence data are scarce.LocationSeamounts around the Cabo Verde archipelago (NW Africa).MethodsWe used species presence–absence data obtained from remotely operated vehicle (ROV) footage collected during two research expeditions. Terrain variables calculated using a multiscale approach from a 100‐m‐resolution bathymetry grid, as well as physical oceanographical data from the VIKING20X model, at a native resolution of 1/20°, were used as environmental predictors. Two modelling techniques (generalized additive model and random forest) were employed and single‐model predictions were combined into a final weighted‐average ensemble model. Model performance was validated using different metrics through cross‐validation.ResultsTerrain orientation, at broad scale, presented one of the highest relative variable contributions to the distribution models of all CWC taxa, suggesting that hydrodynamic–topographic interactions on the seamounts could benefit CWCs by maximizing food supply. However, changes at finer scales in terrain morphology and bottom salinity were important for driving differences in the distribution of specific CWCs. The ensemble model predicted the presence of VME taxa on all seamounts and consistently achieved the highest performance metrics, outperforming individual models. Nonetheless, model extrapolation and uncertainty, measured as the coefficient of variation, were high, particularly, in least surveyed areas across seamounts, highlighting the need to collect more data in future surveys.Main ConclusionsOur study shows how data‐poor areas may be assessed for the likelihood of VMEs and provides important information to guide future research in Cabo Verde, which is fundamental to advise ongoing conservation planning.
Stroke outcomes following cardiac and aortic surgery are improved by the involvement of a stroke team
Authors: Harky Amer , Chow Vanessa Jane , Voller Calum , Goyal Kartik , Shaw Matthew , Bhawnani Anurodh , Kenawy Ayman , Wilson Ian , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Field Mark , Kuduvalli Manoj 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectivesPost‐cardiac and aortic surgery stroke is often underreported. We detail our single‐centre experience the following introduction of comprehensive consultant‐led daily stroke service, to demonstrate the efficacy of a stroke team in recovery from stroke following cardiac and aortic surgeries.MethodsThis retrospective, single‐centre observational cohort study analysed consecutive patients undergoing cardiac and aortic surgery at our institution from August 2014 to December 2020. Main outcomes included stroke rate, predictors of stroke, and neurological deficit resolution or persistence at discharge and clinic follow‐up.ResultsA total of 12,135 procedures were carried out in the reference period. Among these, 436 (3.6%) suffered a stroke. Overall survival to discharge and follow‐up were 86.0% and 84.0% respectively. Independent risk factors for post‐operative stroke included advanced age (OR 1.033, 95% CI [1.023, 1.044], p < .001), female sex (OR 1.491, 95% [1.212, 1.827], p < .001), history of previous cardiac surgeries (OR 1.670, 95% CI [1.239, 2.218], p < .001), simultaneous coronary artery bypass graft + valve procedures (OR 1.825, 95% CI [1.382, 2.382], p < .001) and CPB time longer than 240 min (OR 3.384, 95% CI [2.413, 4.705], p < .001). Stroke patients managed by the multidisciplinary team demonstrated significantly higher rates of survival at discharge (87.3% vs. 61.9%, p = .001).ConclusionsPerioperative stroke can be debilitating immediately long term. The involvement of specialist stroke teams plays a key role in reducing the long‐term burden and mortality of this condition.
Association of MASLD with the risk of extrahepatic cancers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 18 cohort studies
Authors: Zhou Ben‐Gang , Jiang Xin , She Qiang , Ding Yan‐Bing 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundNumerous recent studies have explored the association between metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and the risk of various extrahepatic cancers. However, the conclusions were inconclusive. The aim of this study was to clarify this relationship by conducting a robust meta‐analysis.MethodsSystematic searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases to identify relevant cohort studies published prior to February 2024. Hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were combined using a random‐effects model in this meta‐analysis.ResultsEighteen cohort studies (approximately 16.7 million participants) were finally included in this meta‐analysis. MASLD was linked to a higher risk of extrahepatic cancers, such as gastric (n = 10, HR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.07–2.01), colorectal (n = 13, HR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.16–1.53), pancreatic (n = 8, HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.11–1.79), biliary tract (n = 5, HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.18–1.37), thyroid (n = 6, HR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.02–2.09), urinary system (n = 10, HR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.25–1.69), breast (n = 11, HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08–1.26) and female genital organ cancers (n = 10, HR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.11–1.66). However, there was no statistically significant association between MASLD and the risk of head and neck (n = 6, HR = 1.03, 95% CI: 99–1.07), oesophageal (n = 9, HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 0.86–1.86), lung (n = 9, HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.92–1.10), prostate (n = 9, HR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.94–1.19) or small intestine cancer (n = 2, HR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.00–3.06).ConclusionsThis latest large‐scale meta‐analysis indicated that MASLD was associated with an increased risk of various extrahepatic cancers, such as gastric, colorectal, pancreatic, biliary duct, thyroid, urinary system, breast, skin and female genital cancers. Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms underlying these associations.
Risk of breakthrough seizures depends on type and etiology of epilepsy
Authors: Doerrfuss Jakob I. , Graf Luise , Hüsing Thea , Holtkamp Martin , Ilyas‐Feldmann Maria 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study was undertaken to analyze whether the rate of breakthrough seizures in patients taking antiseizure medication (ASM) who have been seizure‐free for at least 12 months varies among different types and etiologies of epilepsy. Given the relative ease of achieving seizure freedom with ASM in patients with post‐ischemic stroke epilepsy, we hypothesized that this etiology is associated with a reduced risk of breakthrough seizures.MethodsWe defined a breakthrough seizure as an unprovoked seizure occurring while the patient was taking ASM after a period of at least 12 months without seizures. Data were analyzed retrospectively from a tertiary epilepsy outpatient clinic. Patients were eligible for inclusion if they either had a breakthrough seizure at any time or a seizure‐free interval of at least 2 years. Our primary endpoint was rate of breakthrough seizures. We conducted univariable and multivariable analyses to identify variables associated with breakthrough seizures.ResultsOf 521 patients (53% females, median age = 49 years) included, 29% had a breakthrough seizure, which occurred after a median seizure‐free interval of 34 months (quartiles = 22, 62). When controlling for clinically relevant covariates, breakthrough seizures were associated with post‐ischemic stroke epilepsy (odds ratio [OR] = .267, 95% confidence interval [CI] = .075–.946), genetic generalized epilepsy (OR = .559; 95% CI = .319–.978), intellectual disability (OR = 2.768, 95% CI = 1.271–6.031), and the number of ASMs previously and currently tried (OR = 1.203, 95% CI = 1.056–1.371). Of the 151 patients with breakthrough seizures, 34.3% did not reachieve terminal 12‐month seizure freedom at the last visit.SignificanceThis is the first study to show an association between type and etiology of epilepsy and risk of breakthrough seizures. Our data suggest that epilepsies in which seizure freedom can be obtained more easily also exhibit a lower risk of breakthrough seizures. These findings may help to better counsel seizure‐free patients on their further seizure prognosis.
Wave of mutilation: Scavenging hermit crabs use social information to locate carcasses
Authors: Rowe Annie , Altisen Arantzazu Pagonabarraga , Dubosque Adèle , Hills Anna , Shah Akanksha , Vegh Anna , Veiros A. Li , Webster Mike M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCarcasses are patchily distributed and often short‐lived resources, placing scavenging animals under pressure to locate them before they rot or are depleted by competitors. Scavengers may search for carcasses directly, or indirectly, using social information. Aggregations of feeding animals and their conspicuous competitive behaviour may be more readily detectable to searching scavengers than the carcass itself. Moreover, the actions of attendant scavengers upon the carcass, breaking it apart and releasing odour or chemical cues, may further enhance its detectability to others foraging nearby. Here we test this idea. In the first of two experiments performed in the field, we found that hermit crabs (Pagurus bernhardus) were attracted to shelled mussels (Mytilus edulis) that other hermit crabs were already feeding on. They showed no strong tendency to approach aggregations of conspecifics in the absence of food, nor conspecifics that were confined close to mussels but prevented from feeding on them. We speculated that through breaking up the carcass, the feeding hermit crabs released chemical cues and drifting particles of mussel tissue that further attracted other hermit crabs. We tested this in a second experiment, finding that finely chopped mussels attracted significantly more hermit crabs than did intact mussels. We suggest that scavenger feeding action upon carcasses makes these more detectable to others by releasing odour and particle plumes, a form of inadvertently produced social information.
Environmental effects on growth performance of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas cultured in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, from 1990 to 2021
Authors: Pang Yumeng , Ono Tsuneo , Tanaka Takehiro 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) has been cultured for its flesh in the Seto Inland Sea, western Japan, over the last half‐century. Its production has been reported as ‘fluctuating’, yet little is known about changes in oyster growth performance throughout long‐term culturing in this locality. To effectively manage oyster production under future environmental challenges, this study investigated the long‐term environmental influences on oyster growth performance. Environmental data and oyster biological data were obtained from observations in Hinase waters, Seto Inland Sea, and compared for the two periods 1990 and 2015–2021. Water temperature has not significantly changed in this locality during the oyster culturing period. Lower salinity was found in July of 2015–2021 due to heavy seasonal rainfall, which had a negative impact on oysters, specifically on survival rate and total weight. A high growth rate and high meat weight at harvest were found in the individuals cultured during the period 2015–2021, yet oyster total weight showed no significant difference. Further research on shell characteristics is required to have a better understanding of oyster growth characteristics.
Cytokine release syndrome following durvalumab and tremelimumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report with cytokine and damage‐associated molecular pattern analysis
Authors: Ozaki Tomomi , Yumita Sae , Ogasawara Sadahisa , Fujiya Makoto , Tsuchiya Takahiro , Yoshino Ryohei , Sawada Midori , Akatsuka Teppei , Izai Ryo , Miwa Chihiro , Yonemoto Takuya , Fujimoto Kentaro , Unozawa Hidemi , Fujiwara Kisako , Kojima Ryuta , Kanzaki Hiroaki , Koroki Keisuke , Inoue Masanori , Kobayashi Kazufumi , Nakamura Masato , Kiyono Soichiro , Kanogawa Naoya , Kondo Takayuki , Nakagawa Ryo , Nakamoto Shingo , Kato Naoya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a systemic inflammatory syndrome that causes fatal circulatory failure due to hypercytokinemia, and subsequent immune cell hyperactivation caused by therapeutic agents, pathogens, cancers, and autoimmune diseases. In recent years, CRS has emerged as a rare, but significant, immune‐related adverse event linked to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Furthermore, several previous studies suggested that damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) could be involved in malignancy‐related CRS. In this study, we present a case of severe CRS following combination therapy with durvalumab and tremelimumab for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, which recurred during treatment, as well as an analysis of cytokine and DAMPs trends. A 35‐year‐old woman diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma underwent a partial hepatectomy. Due to cancer recurrence, she started a combination of durvalumab and tremelimumab. Then, 29 days post‐administration, she developed fever and headache, initially suspected as sepsis. Despite antibiotics, her condition worsened, leading to disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemophagocytic syndrome. The clinical course and elevated serum interleukin‐6 levels led to a CRS diagnosis. Steroid pulse therapy was administered, resulting in temporary improvement. However, she relapsed with increased interleukin‐6, prompting tocilizumab treatment. Her condition improved, and she was discharged on day 22. Measurements of inflammatory cytokines interferon‐γ, tumor necrosis factor‐α, and DAMPs, along with interleukin‐6, using preserved serum samples, confirmed marked elevation at CRS onset. CRS can occur after the administration of any immune checkpoint inhibitor, with the most likely trigger being the release of DAMPs associated with tumor collapse.
A facile route to synthesis NixFe1−xFe2O4 ferrofluids with optimal rheological and magneto‐optical properties
Authors: Babukutty Blessy , Ponnamma Deepalekshmi , Jose Jiya , Nair Swapna S , Thomas Sabu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study presents an easy method for synthesizing ultrafine NixFe1–xFe2O4 nanoparticles with adjustable composition (x = 0–.8), followed by their stabilization into ferrofluids. Structural identification of the crystalline structure, lattice points, and grain boundaries from the broadened diffraction peaks reveal an average crystalline size of the nanoparticles as 10–16.5 nm. Transmission electron microscopy images reveal spherical magnetite nanoparticles with a particle size ranging from 6 to 13 nm, consistent with diffraction studies. In ferrofluids, the NixFe1–xFe2O4 nanoparticles are stabilized in kerosene with oleic acid, a surfactant. Absorbance data of the ferrofluids is seen in the 200–400 nm wavelength region of UV–vis spectra. The magnetic properties of the samples are probed using a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device. The synthesized samples exhibit superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature (300 K). The saturation magnetization of the samples decreases with an increase in Ni composition (x = 0–.8), ranging from 54 to 28 emu/g. This study explores the magnetic and magneto‐optical properties of NixFe1–xFe2O4 ferrofluids. Magneto‐viscosity of ferrofluids is also studied, and the final application of such ferrofluids in data storage, catalysis, and biomedical applications is discussed.
Contradictions between perceptions and practices of caring in long‐term care of elderly people
Authors: NAY RHONDA 
Published: June 2024

Summary

Care for elderly people in nursing homes is a subject of increasing interest as populations around the world age.
Numerous studies have been reported in relation to caring, how it is defined and what it means to nurses and clients in different contexts.
Nursing is equated with caring and yet reports of nursing home care frequently cite such uncaring practices as neglect, fostered dependency, infantilization and depersonalization.
The contradictions are explored with the aim of improving care of elderly people through greater understanding of how caring is perceived and practised.
Longitudinal assessment of cardiac status by echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in thalassaemic children
Authors: Fiorillo A , Farina V , D'Amore R , Scippa L , Cortese P , DeChiara C 
Published: June 2024

Fiorillo A, Farina V, D'Amore R, Scippa L, Cortese P. DeChiara C. Longitudinal assessment of cardiac status by echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function in thalassaemic children. Acta Pӕdiatr 2000; 89: 436‐41. Stockholm. ISSN 0803‐5253Cardiac disease is the primary cause of death in patients affected by thalassaemia major. In most cases diastolic dysfunction precedes the onset of systolic impairment at a time when appropriate therapy can prevent progression of cardiac damage. We have assessed the pattern of left ventricular tilling by Doppler echocardiography in six transfusion‐dependent thalassaemic patients. They were re‐evaluated 5 y after the first observation, after additional blood transfusions and consequent iron load. We registered a significantly impaired relaxation pattern in all of them. A state of cardiac anoxia has been hypothesized.
Microplastic response of 2PP‐printed ceramics
Authors: Sänger Johanna C. , Riechers Birte , Pauw Brian R. , Maaß Robert , Günster Jens 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTwo‐photon polymerization (2PP) additive manufacturing (AM) utilizes feedstocks of ceramic nanoparticles of a few nanometers in diameter, enabling the fabrication of highly accurate technical ceramic design with structural details as small as 500 nm. The performance of these materials is expected to differ from conventional AM ceramics, as nanoparticles and three‐dimensional printing at high resolution introduce new microstructural aspects. This study applies 2PP‐AM of yttria‐stabilized zirconia to investigate the mechanical response behavior under compressive load, probing the influence of smallest structural units induced by the line packing during the printing process, design of sintered microblocks, and sintering temperature and thereby microstructure. We find a dissipative mechanical response enhanced by sintering at lower temperatures than conventional. The pursued 2PP‐AM approach yields a microstructured material with an increased number of grain boundaries that proposedly play a major role in facilitating energy dissipation within the here printed ceramic material. This microplastic response is further triggered by the filigree structures induced by hollow line packing at the order of the critical defect size of ceramics. Together, these unique aspects made accessible by the 2PP‐AM approach contribute to a heterogeneous nano‐ and microstructure, and hint toward opportunities for tailoring the mechanical response in future ceramic applications.
Regulatory T cells protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy in db/db mice
Authors: Zhang Kai , Li Yunyi , Ge Xiao , Meng Linlin , Kong Jing , Meng Xiao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAims/IntroductionRegulatory T cells (Tregs) have protected against many cardiovascular diseases. This study was intended to explore the effect of Tregs on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) using a db/db mouse model.Materials and methodsEight‐week‐old male db/db mice were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, administered 200 μL phosphate‐buffered saline; the small‐dose Treg group, administered 105 Tregs; the large‐dose Treg group, administered 106 Tregs; and the PC group, administered 100 μg anti‐CD25 specific antibody (PC61) and 106 Tregs. After 12 weeks, mice were euthanized. Transthoracic echocardiography was carried out at the beginning and end of the experiment. Relevant basic experiments to evaluate the effects of Tregs on DCM were carried out.ResultsEchocardiography showed that the impaired diastolic and systolic functions were significantly improved in mice administered large‐dose Tregs. Large‐dose Tregs significantly ameliorated myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, and decreased hypertrophic gene expression and collagen deposition. The protective effects of Tregs on diabetic hearts were associated with decreased oxidative stress, inflammatory response and apoptosis. In addition, Tregs promoted the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase–protein kinase B signaling pathway, whereas they inhibited extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 and Jun N‐terminal kinase phosphorylation, which might be responsible for the cardioprotective role of Tregs against DCM.ConclusionsTregs ameliorated myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis, improved cardiac dysfunction, and protected against DCM progression in db/db mice. The mechanisms involved a decrease of inflammatory response, oxidative stress and apoptosis, which might be mediated by phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase–protein kinase B and mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways. Hence, Tregs might serve as a promising therapeutic approach for DCM treatment.
Proteomic characterization of Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi under iron limitation reveals an upregulation of proteins related to iron oxidation and reduction metabolism, iron uptake systems and gliding motility
Authors: Avendaño‐Herrera Ruben , Echeverría‐Bugueño Macarena , Hernández Mauricio , Saldivia Pablo , Irgang Rute 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA strategy for vaccine design involves identifying proteins that could be involved in pathogen–host interactions. The aim of this proteomic study was to determine how iron limitation affects the protein expression of Tenacibaculum dicentrarchi, with a primary focus on virulence factors and proteins associated with iron uptake. The proteomic analysis was carried out using two strains of T. dicentrarchi grown under normal (control) and iron‐limited conditions, mimicking the host environment. Our findings revealed differences in the proteins expressed by the type strain CECT 7612T and the Chilean strain TdCh05 of T. dicentrarchi. Nonetheless, both share a common response to iron deprivation, with an increased expression of proteins associated with iron oxidation and reduction metabolism (e.g., SufA, YpmQ, SufD), siderophore transport (e.g., ExbD, TonB‐dependent receptor, HbpA), heme compound biosynthesis, and iron transporters under iron limitation. Proteins involved in gliding motility, such as GldL and SprE, were also upregulated in both strains. A negative differential regulation of metabolic proteins, particularly those associated with amino acid biosynthesis, was observed under iron limitation, reflecting the impact of iron availability on bacterial metabolism. Additionally, the TdCh05 strain exhibited unique proteins associated with gliding motility machinery and phage infection control compared to the type strain. These groups of proteins have been identified as virulence factors within the Flavobacteriaceae family, including the genus Tenacibaculum. These results build upon our previous report on iron acquisition mechanisms and could lay the groundwork for future studies aimed at elucidating the role of some of the described proteins in the infectious process of tenacibaculosis, as well as in the development of potential vaccines.