bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Widespread Selection Across Coding and Noncoding DNA in the Pea Aphid Genome
Authors: Bickel Ryan D , Dunham Joseph P , Brisson Jennifer A 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Genome-wide patterns of diversity and selection are critical measures for understanding how evolution has shaped the genome. Yet, these population genomic estimates are available for only a limited number of model organisms. Here we focus on the population genomics of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum). The pea aphid is an emerging model system that exhibits a range of intriguing biological traits not present in classic model systems. We performed low-coverage genome resequencing of 21 clonal pea aphid lines collected from alfalfa host plants in North America to characterize genome-wide patterns of diversity and selection. We observed an excess of low-frequency polymorphisms throughout coding and noncoding DNA, which we suggest is the result of a founding event and subsequent population expansion in North America. Most gene regions showed lower levels of Tajima’s D than synonymous sites, suggesting that the majority of the genome is not evolving neutrally but rather exhibits significant constraint. Furthermore, we used the pea aphid’s unique manner of X-chromosome inheritance to assign genomic scaffolds to either autosomes or the X chromosome. Comparing autosomal vs. X-linked sequence variation, we discovered that autosomal genes show an excess of low frequency variants indicating that purifying selection acts more efficiently on the X chromosome. Overall, our results provide a critical first step in characterizing the genetic diversity and evolutionary pressures on an aphid genome.
The Transcriptional Response to Nonself in the FungusPodospora anserina
Authors: Bidard Frédérique , Clavé Corinne , Saupe Sven J 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn fungi, heterokaryon incompatibility is a nonself recognition process occurring when filaments of different isolates of the same species fuse. Compatibility is controlled by so-called het loci and fusion of strains of unlike het genotype triggers a complex incompatibility reaction that leads to the death of the fusion cell. Herein, we analyze the transcriptional changes during the incompatibility reaction in Podospora anserina. The incompatibility response was found to be associated with a massive transcriptional reprogramming: 2231 genes were up-regulated by a factor 2 or more during incompatibility. In turn, 2441 genes were down-regulated. HET, NACHT, and HeLo domains previously found to be involved in the control of heterokaryon incompatibility were enriched in the up-regulated gene set. In addition, incompatibility was characterized by an up-regulation of proteolytic and other hydrolytic activities, of secondary metabolism clusters and toxins and effector-like proteins. The up-regulated set was found to be enriched for proteins lacking orthologs in other species and chromosomal distribution of the up-regulated genes was uneven with up-regulated genes residing preferentially in genomic islands and on chromosomes IV and V. There was a significant overlap between regulated genes during incompatibility in P. anserina and Neurospora crassa, indicating similarities in the incompatibility responses in these two species. Globally, this study illustrates that the expression changes occurring during cell fusion incompatibility in P. anserina are in several aspects reminiscent of those described in host-pathogen or symbiotic interactions in other fungal species.
The Impact of Social Networks on Parents’ Vaccination Decisions
Authors: Brunson Emily K. 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Parents decide whether their children are vaccinated, but they rarely reach these decisions on their own. Instead parents are influenced by their social networks, broadly defined as the people and sources they go to for information, direction, and advice. This study used social network analysis to formally examine parents’ social networks (people networks and source networks) related to their vaccination decision-making. In addition to providing descriptions of typical networks of parents who conform to the recommended vaccination schedule (conformers) and those who do not (nonconformers), this study also quantified the effect of network variables on parents’ vaccination choices.

METHODS:
This study took place in King County, Washington. Participation was limited to US-born, first-time parents with children aged ≤18 months. Data were collected via an online survey. Logistic regression was used to analyze the resulting data.

RESULTS:
One hundred twenty-six conformers and 70 nonconformers completed the survey. Although people networks were reported by 95% of parents in both groups, nonconformers were significantly more likely to report source networks (100% vs 80%, P &lt; .001). Model comparisons of parent, people, and source network characteristics indicated that people network variables were better predictors of parents’ vaccination choices than parents’ own characteristics or the characteristics of their source networks. In fact, the variable most predictive of parents’ vaccination decisions was the percent of parents’ people networks recommending nonconformity.

CONCLUSIONS:
These results strongly suggest that social networks, and particularly parents’ people networks, play an important role in parents’ vaccination decision-making.
Quality Improvement Methods Increase Appropriate Antibiotic Prescribing for Childhood Pneumonia
Authors: Ambroggio Lilliam , Thomson Joanna , Murtagh Kurowski Eileen , Courter Joshua , Statile Angela , Graham Camille , Sheehan Brieanne , Iyer Srikant , Shah Samir S. , White Christine M. 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE:
In August 2011, the Pediatric Infectious Disease Society and Infectious Disease Society of America published an evidence-based guideline for the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children ≥3 months. Our objective was to evaluate if quality improvement (QI) methods could improve appropriate antibiotic prescribing in a setting without a formal antimicrobial stewardship program.

METHODS:
At a tertiary children’s hospital, QI methods were used to rapidly implement the Pediatric Infectious Disease Society/Infectious Disease Society of America guideline recommendations for appropriate first-line antibiotic therapy in children with CAP. QI interventions focused on 4 key drivers and were tested separately in the emergency department and on the hospital medicine resident teams, using multiple plan-do-study-act cycles. Medical records of eligible patients were reviewed weekly to determine the success of prescribing recommended antibiotic therapy. The impact of these interventions on our outcome was tracked over time on run charts.

RESULTS:
Appropriate first-line antibiotic prescribing for children admitted with the diagnosis of CAP increased in the emergency department from a median baseline of 0% to 100% and on the hospital medicine resident teams from 30% to 100% within 6 months of introducing the guidelines locally at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center and has been sustained for 3 months.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our study demonstrates that QI methods can rapidly improve adherence to national guidelines even in settings without a formal antimicrobial stewardship program to encourage judicious antibiotic prescribing for CAP.
Change in Adoption of Electronic Health Records by US Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Nakamura Mari M. , Harper Marvin B. , Jha Ashish K. 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVES
To assess electronic health record (EHR) adoption and meaningful use among US children’s hospitals through 2011 and compare these outcomes with adult hospitals and among subgroups of children’s hospitals. We hypothesized that children’s hospitals would show progress since our initial evaluation of health information technology (HIT) implementation in 2008.

METHODS:
We identified children’s hospitals using the membership directory of the Children’s Hospital Association and analyzed their responses from 2008 to 2011 to the American Hospital Association’s annual HIT survey. EHR adoption rates were determined by using previously specified definitions of the essential functionalities comprising an EHR. Achievement of meaningful use was evaluated based on hospitals’ ability to fulfill 12 core meaningful use criteria. We compared these outcomes in 2011 between children’s and adult hospitals and among subgroups of children’s hospitals.

RESULTS:
Of 162 children’s hospitals, 126 (78%) responded to the survey in 2011. The proportion of children’s hospitals with an EHR increased from 21% (in 2008) to 59% (in 2011). In 2011, 29% of children’s hospitals met the 12 core criteria in our meaningful use proxy measure. EHR adoption rates and meaningful use were significantly higher for children’s hospitals than for adult hospitals as a whole but similar for children’s and adult major teaching hospitals. Among children’s hospitals, major teaching hospitals were significantly more likely to have an EHR.

CONCLUSIONS:
Children’s hospitals have achieved substantial gains in HIT implementation although minor teaching and nonteaching institutions are not keeping pace.
Developmental Scores at 1 Year With Increasing Gestational Age, 37–41 Weeks
Authors: Rose Olga , Blanco Estela , Martinez Suzanna M. , Sim Eastern Kang , Castillo Marcela , Lozoff Betsy , Vaucher Yvonne E. , Gahagan Sheila 
Published: April 2013

OBJECTIVE:To examine the relationship between gestational age and mental and psychomotor development scores in healthy infants born between 37 and 41 weeks.METHODS:The cohort included 1562 participants enrolled during infancy in an iron deficiency anemia preventive trial in Santiago, Chile. All participants were healthy, full-term (37–41 weeks) infants who weighed 3 kg or more at birth. Development at 12 months was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Using generalized linear modeling, we analyzed the association between gestational age and 1-year-old developmental status, taking into account potential confounders including birth weight percentile, gender, socioeconomic status, the home environment, iron status, and iron supplementation.RESULTS:For each additional week of gestation, the Mental Development Index increased by 0.8 points (95% confidence interval = 0.2–1.4), and the Psychomotor Development Index increased by 1.4 points (95% confidence interval = 0.6–2.1) controlling for birth weight percentile, gender, socioeconomic status, and home environment.CONCLUSIONS:In a large sample of healthy full-term infants, developmental scores obtained using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 12 months increased with gestational age (37–41 weeks). There is increasing evidence that birth at 39 to 41 weeks provides developmental advantages compared with birth at 37 to 38 weeks. Because cesarean deliveries and early-term inductions have increased to 40% of all births, consideration of ongoing brain development during the full-term period is an important medical and policy issue.
The effect of the pore topology on the elastic modulus of organosilicate glasses
Authors: Yeap Kong-Boon , Kopycinska-Mueller Malgorzata , Chen Lei , Chen Yu , Jungmann Marco , Krause-Rehberg Reinhard , Mahajan Sukesh , Vlassak Joost , Gall Martin , Zschech Ehrenfried 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Synthesis and characterization of ceramic composites of the binary system Ba0.75Sr0.25AlSi2O8 - Al2O3
Authors: López-Cuevas Jorge , Ramos-Ramírez Magaly V. , Rodríguez-Galicia José L. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTBa0.75Sr0.25AlSi2O8 (SBAS) - Al2O3 composites, with SBAS/Al2O3 weight ratios of: (a) 90/10, (b) 70/30, and (c) 50/50, are in situ synthesized by reactive sintering at 900-1500°C/5h. The effect of mechanical activation of the precursor mixtures for 0, 4 or 8h in an attrition milling device on the microstructure and phase composition of the composites is studied. Only SBAS and Al2O3 phases are obtained at 1300-1500°C, independently of milling time. In general, the relative proportion of the desirable monoclinic SBAS (Celsian) phase increases in the materials with increasing milling time and sintering temperature, which is enhanced by their SrO content. The promotion of surface nucleation of the undesirable hexagonal SBAS (Hexacelsian) phase by mechanical activation results in a maximum Hexacelsian to Celsian conversion fraction of only 81.4%, obtained for composition 2 milled for 8h and sintered at 1500°C/5h. Under these synthesis conditions, an increment in the amount and size of the Al2O3 particles in the composites is detrimental for the Hexacelsian to Celsian conversion.
Probing Inter- and Intra-chain Excitonic Coupling in Crystalline Polythiophene Nanofibers and Nanoparticles
Authors: Baghgar Mina , Labastide Joelle A. , McKenna Aidan , Wise Adam J. , Barnes Michael D. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTWe summarize some recent new results probing inter- and intra-chain coupling in aggregated P3HT in isolated nanoparticles and nanofibers. Time-resolved photoluminescence studies show interesting correlations between amplitude and decay constant for different decay components that are tied to both polymer regio-regularity and nanoparticle processing conditions. In the frequency domain, we observe distinct signatures of both H- and J-aggregate type exciton coupling, manifested as different vibronic progressions with different electronic origins, linewidths, and Huang-Rhys factors. We show how the extent of this H/J composite coupling can be tuned to a certain extent by changes in molecular parameters (polymer molecular weight and regioregularity) and by solvent processing conditions. Finally we discuss recent results of near-field optical absorption probes of nanoparticles and nanofibers where optical contrast is afforded by the different absorption cross-section (at 532 nm) for aggregated vs. unaggregated P3HT.
Use of a Carbon Dioxide Laser as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing for Clinical New Attachment: A Case Series
Authors: Pope Jeffrey D. , Rossmann Jeffrey A. , Kerns David G. , Beach M. Miles , Cipher Daisha J. 
Published: April 2013

Introduction: Severe, chronic periodontitis (CP) is typically treated either with scaling and root planing (SRP) or surgical therapy in an effort to gain clinical attachment. The advantage of non‐surgical therapy is decreased morbidity to the patient; however, the site typically heals by formation of a long junctional epithelium. The advantage of surgical therapy is access for debridement and the use of bone or bone substitutes in combination with a barrier membrane for epithelial exclusion. Compared with a non‐surgical approach, surgical therapy is more invasive, and patient acceptance of treatment is typically more challenging. The use of lasers in dentistry appears to be rapidly increasing, as evidenced by the influx of new lasers into the dental market as well as numerous anecdotal reports of beneficial results with their use.Case Series: This report presents a novel approach to the treatment of severe CP using a carbon dioxide (CO2) laser in combination with SRP. This study presents the findings of 17 patients (nine males and eight females, aged 34 to 71 years; mean age: 54 years) that were compared in a split‐mouth design and followed for 3 months. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case series using a CO2 laser for de‐epithelialization in combination with SRP for the treatment of CP.Conclusion: Sites treated with the CO2 laser tended to show a greater decrease in probing depths, greater amounts of recession, and greater gains in clinical attachment levels, but the results were not statistically significantly better than SRP alone.
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Conditioning Partial Resistance to Phytophthora sojae in Soybean PI 407861A
Authors: Lee Sungwoo , Rouf Mian M. A. , McHale Leah K. , Sneller Clay H. , Dorrance Anne E. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTImproving resistance for Phytophthora root and stem rot is an important goal in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] breeding. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) conferring partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in an OX20‐8 × PI 407861A cross, in which PI 407861A was used as the source of partial resistance. One hundred fifty‐seven F7–derived recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were evaluated for partial resistance to P. sojae isolate OH25 using a tray test. Composite interval mapping identified three QTLs on chromosomes 8, 13, and 15 by a genomewide logarithm of odds (LOD) threshold and six QTLs on chromosomes 3, 4, 10, and 18 by chromosomewide LOD threshold. The phenotypic variance explained by each QTL ranged from 2.4 to 8.6%, with a total of 41.6%. Quantitative trait loci on chromosomes 3 and 8 are novel QTLs first reported for partial resistance to P. sojae in this study. All nine QTLs were localized near known resistance gene rich regions or those previously reported for resistance to other soil‐borne pathogens. Genomewide distribution of the QTLs in this population was distinct from the QTLs identified from previous studies with ‘Conrad’ but many were in common with those identified with another South Korean soybean accession. This indicates that the underlying genes for partial resistance in these exotic accessions may be distinct from genes controlling variation for partial resistance observed in Conrad. Plant Introduction 407861A is a promising genetic source of alleles that can be used to increase the genetic diversity and enhance levels of partial resistance to P. sojae in North American soybean cultivars.
Genetic Variation and Genotype × Environment Interactions for Seed Phytosterols in Sunflower
Authors: Velasco Leonardo , Fernández‐Cuesta Álvaro , García‐Ruiz José R. , Fernández‐Martínez José M. , Domínguez‐Giménez Juan 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTPhytosterols are important dietary components. This research was aimed at estimating genetic variation and genotype × environment interactions for phytosterol content and profile in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Twenty‐two commercial hybrids were grown in six locations in southern Spain. The effect of genotypes was significant for phytosterol content and concentration of most phytosterols. Genotype × location interaction was significant for the concentration of campesterol, stigmasterol, Δ7‐stigmastenol, and Δ7‐avenasterol. Estimates of broad‐sense heritability were high (0.85 to 0.97) for phytosterol content and concentration of major phytosterols. These results suggest the feasibility of selecting for both phytosterol content and profile in sunflower.
Influence of the B-site cation nature on dielectric properties of Ca2XBiO6 (X = Dy, Fe, Al) double perovskite
Authors: Feraru Simona , Samoila Petrisor , Nica Valentin , Iordan Alexandra , Palamaru Mircea 
Published: April 2013

AbstractFor the synthesis of Ca2XBiO6 (X = Dy, Fe, Al) metal oxides with ordered double-perovskite structure, the sol-gel auto-combustion method has been used for the first time. The synthesis progress was followed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the samples structure was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The samples morphology was studied by means of scanning electron microscopy. The influence of the nature of the trivalent B-site cation on the dielectric properties was evaluated by resistivity measurements in vacuum at frequencies between 102–105 Hz. The best dielectric behavior was obtained for Ca2AlBiO6 and Ca2DyBiO6, while the best semiconductor behavior was found for Ca2FeBiO6.
Efficient photodegradation of resorcinol with Ag2O/ZnO nanorods heterostructure under a compact fluorescent lamp irradiation
Authors: Lam Sze-Mun , Sin Jin-Chung , Abdullah Ahmad , Mohamed Abdul 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAg2O/ZnO heterostructure has been recently synthesized using a facile chemical-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results confirmed the Ag2O nanoparticles loading on ZnO nanorods. The Ag2O addition increased the visible light absorption ability and a red shift for Ag2O/ZnO heterostructure appeared when compared to pure ZnO. Photoluminescence spectra showed lower emission yield on the Ag2O/ZnO heterostructure than on pure ZnO. Such a decrease in the emission yield represents the fraction of the excited state Ag2O sensitizer involved in the charge injection process. Under compact fluorescent lamp irradiation, the Ag2O/ZnO heterostructure demonstrated higher photocatalytic activity than pure ZnO in the degradation of resorcinol, which can be attributed to the high separation efficiency of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs based on the cooperative roles of Ag2O loading on ZnO nanarods. All these characteristics represent a significant contribution of the Ag2O/ZnO heterostructure to the practical applications in indoor environmental remediation.
Late Patrology: The Example of Giorgio Agamben
Authors: Colilli Paul 
Published: April 2013

Abstract: After a long exile in the quaintly titled files of “irrationality and superstition,” theology and the issue of religion in general have resurfaced as central topics to theory-making in the Western tradition of thought. With this in mind, the intent of this article is to propose a name for this phenomenon: “late patrology.” The implication of the use of this term is that theology is experiencing a posthumous life following the demise of the Enlightenment project. Thinkers such as Giorgio Agamben, Slavoj Žižek, Alain Badiou, John D. Caputo, Gianni Vattimo, John Milbank, and others are in many ways revisiting (in new and different conditions) important theological matters we read about in patristic literature. Patrology ceased many centuries ago, but it has not disappeared. Contemporary thinkers are partaking in the same interpretive enterprise modelled and initiated by the authors of patristic literature: that of talking about the received name of God, arguing on all sides about the significance of its transmission from the past and its pertinence to the present and near future. I will focus on one exponent of this resurgent interest in theology, Giorgio Agamben. Specifically, I provide examples from some of his works that illustrate his project of grasping in their dispersion the effaced yet preponderant signs of theology hidden in our current political and cultural practices.