bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consultant delivered seven‐day health care: results from a medical model on a diabetes base ward
Authors: Raghavan RP , Baskar V , Buch H , Singh BM , Viswanath AK 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThere is increasing emphasis on consultant delivered health care outside normal working hours, although its impact on outcomes away from emergency assessment units is not well known. We introduced structured seven‐day working for consultants on a 28 bedded diabetes base ward. Subsequent evaluation of its impact on patient throughput measures is presented.We measured discharge patterns and rates, length of stay and 30‐day readmission following the introduction of seven‐day consultant working including weekend ward rounds. Data collected over an identical seven‐month period before and after the introduction of weekend consultant ward rounds were compared.Sixty percent of discharged patients in both periods compared had diabetes. The number of discharges during the study period (seven months) increased from 459 to 496 almost entirely owing to increase in weekend discharges (45 to 83). The overall length of stay (LoS) was largely unchanged (11.3±15.4 vs 10.5±7.9), although there was a significant reduction in the LoS of weekend discharges (11.2±10.3 vs 7.9±6.4, p<0.01). Thirty‐day emergency readmission fell from 132 to 107. Effectively this translated to 625 potential bed days gained over a seven‐month period representing an annual saving of approximately £123 000 at basic tariff.We concluded that consultant seven‐day working is effective in facilitating increased discharges with reductions in LoS and readmissions, and has significant economic benefit. Additional work is needed to evaluate the impact on quality measures, especially with regard to specialty specific outcomes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons. Practical Diabetes 2014; 31(2): 58–61
Barriers and enablers to translating gestational diabetes guidelines into practice
Authors: Wilkinson Shelley Ann , McCray Sally , Beckmann Michael , Parry Annette , McIntyre Harold David 
Published: March 2014

AbstractReduced insulin requirements and improved blood glucose level (BGL) control in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been documented in a study validating American Nutrition Practice Guidelines that included a dietitian appointment schedule. No Australian nutrition practice guidelines exist and care differs across centres. Guideline dissemination alone does not change practice; assessment of barriers/enablers and implementation design must be theory‐driven. We describe this assessment and the planned intervention to implement a schedule of dietitian consults for GDM care.A barriers and enablers analysis was undertaken. Data sources included hospital records, clinic observation, and staff surveys. Dietetic visits were compared with the Nutrition Practice Guideline. Barriers were categorised into domains from the Theoretical Domains Framework.Of 44 clinic staff surveyed, most believed regular dietetic contact could influence diet, but fewer believed contact could influence BGLs, pharmacotherapy, and care costs, and only half felt contact could influence weight gain or macrosomia. Women's lack of awareness of the benefits of scheduled contact with a dietitian and staff's unfamiliarity with current practice were identified. There was a significant shortfall in dietitian resources. Other barriers included lack of dedicated clinic space and exclusion from the clinic care pathway.Identified barrier ‘domains’ were: Knowledge; Beliefs about consequences; Intentions; Social/professional role/identity; Social influences; Memory, attention, and decision processes; and Environmental context and resources. Effective change interventions have been mapped to domains. Outcomes of the evaluation will be uptake of the new dietetic schedule and its effect on requirement for pharmacotherapy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons. Practical Diabetes 2014; 31(2): 67–72
Survey of junior doctors' knowledge of the use of new guidelines in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults
Authors: Nalla Preethi , Nukalapati Lokesh , Gosrani Deepan , Evans Peter J 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common medical emergency. In recent years a weight‐based, fixed‐rate intravenous insulin infusion regimen has replaced the conventional sliding scale regimen for effective management of DKA. These guidelines have come into effect from 2012 at a hospital in south east Wales.A survey was conducted to assess the junior doctors' (medical and surgical) knowledge of these guidelines as per trust protocol. The results of this survey clearly show that a significant number of doctors (35% of medical and 63% of surgical doctors) were not aware of these guidelines; 15% of medical and 22% of surgical doctors were not aware of the criteria for the diagnosis of DKA. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons. Practical Diabetes 2014; 31(2): 81–83
Barocaloric effect in metamagnetic shape memory alloys
Authors: Mañosa Lluís , Stern‐Taulats Enric , Planes Antoni , Lloveras Pol , Barrio Maria , Tamarit Josep‐Lluís , Emre Baris , Yüce Suheyla , Fabbrici Simone , Albertini Franca 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe report on calorimetric measurements under hydrostatic pressure in a series of composition related metamagnetic shape memory alloys. We show that metamagnetic shape memory alloys exhibit a barocaloric effect whose magnitude compares well to the magnetocaloric effect exibited by this kind of alloys. While in metamagnetic alloys the magnetocaloric effect is inverse, the barocaloric effect has been found to be conventional. The values obtained for the pressure‐induced entropy changes at moderate pressures are in the range of those reported for giant caloric materials.
A new predictive model for the bond strength of FRP‐to‐concrete composite joints
Authors: Abdellahi Majid , Heidari Javad , Bahmanpour Maryam 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this work, gene expression programming (GEP), as a new tool, has been used to predict the bond strength of fibre‐reinforced polymer‐to‐concrete composite joints as the performance symbol of this structure. Some 238 datasets were collected from the literature, divided into 192 and 46 sets at random and then trained and tested respectively by means of GEP. The parameters width of prism, concrete cylinder compressive strength, width of fibre‐reinforced polymer (FRP), thickness of FRP, modulus of elasticity of FRP and bond length were used as input parameters. Using these input parameters, the bond strength of FRP‐to‐concrete composite joints in different conditions was predicted in the GEP model. The training and testing results in the GEP model show that GEP is a powerful tool for predicting the bond strength values of the FRP‐to‐concrete composite joints in the range considered.
Comparison of capture and escape rates between different types of portable cowbird traps
Authors: McLeod Mary Anne , Koronkiewicz Thomas J. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTControl of brown‐headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) is often advocated to reduce parasitism and improve nesting success of sensitive populations of passerine birds, but little information is available in the literature concerning the relative effectiveness of different types of cowbird traps or the effects of these traps on non‐target species. We used portable traps to capture cowbirds in 2003–2007 at 3 study areas in southern Nevada and western Arizona. We compared the effectiveness of traps with flat tops versus funnel‐shaped tops in 2005 and compared entrance slots of 2 different widths in 2006–2007. Traps with funnel‐shaped tops had higher cowbird capture rates and lower escape rates than did flat‐topped traps. Funnel‐topped traps also had a higher capture rate of non‐target species. Funnel‐topped traps with a 3.8‐cm‐wide entrance slot had a higher capture rate for male cowbirds than did identical traps with a 3.2‐cm‐wide entrance slot. Capture rates for female cowbirds did not differ between slot sizes, nor did escape rates for either males or females. Capture rates for non‐target species did not differ between slot widths, but wider slots captured larger bodied species (e.g., white‐winged dove [Zenaida asiatica] and great‐tailed grackle [Quiscalus mexicanus]) that were not seen in the traps with narrower slots in the years when both slot widths were tested. Cowbird traps with a funnel‐topped design should be used to maximize the number of cowbirds captured and removed from a site. A slot width of 3.2 cm may minimize non‐target captures, particularly of larger bodied species, while still allowing effective removal of female cowbirds. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Engineering of Yarrowia lipolytica lipase Lip8p by circular permutation to alter substrate and temperature characteristics
Authors: Sheng Jun , Ji X F , Wang F , Sun M 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Applications of lipases are mainly based on their catalytic efficiency and substrate specificity. In this study, circular permutation (CP), an unconventional protein engineering technique, was employed to acquire active mutants of Yarrowia lipolytica lipase Lip8p. A total of 21 mutant lipases exhibited significant shifts in substrate specificity. Cp128, the most active enzyme mutant, showed higher catalytic activity (14.5-fold) and higher affinity (4.6-fold) (decreased K m) to p-nitrophenyl-myristate (pNP-C14) than wild type (WT). Based on the three-dimensional (3D) structure model of the Lip8p, we found that most of the functional mutation occurred in the surface-exposed loop region in close proximity to the lid domain (S112–F122), which implies the steric effect of the lid on lipase activity and substrate specificity. The temperature properties of Cp128 were also investigated. In contrast to the optimal temperature of 45 °C for the WT enzyme, Cp128 exhibited the maximal activity at 37 °C. But it is noteworthy that there is no change in thermostability.
Characterization of Nanocarbon Copper Composites Manufactured in Metallurgical Synthesis Process
Authors: Knych Tadeusz , Kwaśniewski Paweł , Kiesiewicz Grzegorz , Mamala Andrzej , Kawecki Artur , Smyrak Beata 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Currently, there is a worldwide search for new forms of materials with properties that are significantly improved in comparison to materials currently in use. One promising research direction lies in the synthesis of metals containing modern carbon materials (e.g., graphene, nanotubes). In this article, the research results of metallurgical synthesis of a mixture of copper and two different kinds of carbon (activated carbon and multiwall carbon nanotubes) are shown. Samples of copper–carbon nanocomposite were synthesized by simultaneously exposing molten copper to an electrical current while vigorously stirring and adding carbon while under an inert gas atmosphere. The article contains research results of density, hardness, electrical conductivity, structure (TEM), and carbon decomposition (SIMS method) for the obtained materials.
Physicochemical and Antioxidant Characteristics of Kapok (Ceiba pentandra Gaertn.) Seed Oil
Authors: Anwar Farooq , Rashid Umer , Shahid Shaukat Ali , Nadeem Muhammad 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn view of the growing demand for vegetable oils and fats, currently exploration of some under‐utilized and non‐conventional oil seed crops is of great concern. This work presents data on the detailed physicochemical and antioxidant attributes of kapok (Ceiba pentandra Gaertn.) seed oil. The kapok seeds contained an appreciable amount of oil (27.5 %), protein (35.0 %) and fiber (19.0 %). The extracted kapok seed oil (KSO) had an iodine value of 101.8 g of I2/100 g of oil, a saponification value of 187 mg of KOH/g of oil), and unsaponifiable matter 0.83 %. KSO also showed a good oxidation state as indicated by the measurements of the peroxide value, conjugated dienes, conjugated trienes, para‐anisidine and the induction period (Rancimat method). The tested oil showed a considerable amount of total phenolics (2.50 mg/100 g) and an appreciable free radical scavenging capacity. Gas liquid chromatographic analysis of fatty acids (FA) reveals that KSO mainly has linoleic acid (33.6 %) followed by oleic acid (23.4 %) and palmitic acid (22.4 %). Besides, a notable amount of cyclopropenoid fatty acids such as malvalic acid (9.1 %) and sterculic acid (2.8 %) was also detected. The FA composition of the tested oil was further verified by recording FTIR and NMR spectra. Among the oil phytosterols, analyzed by GC/GC–MS, β‐sitosterol was found to be the principal component whereas RP‐HPLC analysis showed the occurrence of γ‐tocopherol (550 mg/kg) as the major tocopherol along with considerable amount of α‐tocopherol (91 mg/kg) and δ‐tocopherol (5.52 mg/kg). It can be concluded from the results of this comprehensive study that under‐utilized kapok seeds are a potential feed stock for the production of a useful oil for edible and/or oleochemical applications.
Estradiol valerate plus dienogest versus ethinylestradiol plus levonorgestrel for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea
Authors: Petraglia Felice , Parke Susanne , Serrani Marco , Mellinger Uwe , Römer Thomas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate the superiority of estradiol valerate plus dienogest (E2V/DNG) over ethinylestradiol plus levonorgestrel (EE/LNG) in reducing the number of days with dysmenorrheic pain among women with primary dysmenorrhea.MethodsIn a phase IIIb trial conducted at 44 centers worldwide between April 2009 and November 2010, otherwise healthy women aged 14 − 50 years requesting contraception were randomized to daily oral administration of E2V/DNG (n = 253) or EE/LNG (n = 254) for three 28‐day cycles. The primary efficacy variable was number of days with dysmenorrheic pain, the category of which (none, mild, moderate, severe) was self‐assessed on a daily basis (irrespective of menstrual bleeding status) and recorded on diary cards. Notably, the women documented their pain as they experienced it before taking any (permitted) rescue medication.ResultsOverall, 217 and 209 women receiving E2V/DNG and EE/LNG, respectively, completed the study. The mean ± SD change from baseline in number of days with dysmenorrheic pain was −4.6 ± 4.6 days and −4.2 ± 4.2 days for the E2V/DNG and EE/LNG groups, respectively (P = 0.34).ConclusionBoth E2V/DNG and EE/LNG led to considerable relief of dysmenorrheic complaints among women with primary dysmenorrhea, decreasing the number of days with dysmenorrheic pain from baseline to a similar extent.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00909857
Evaluation of healthcare professionals’ understanding of eponymous maneuvers and mnemonics in emergency obstetric care provision
Authors: Jan Haider , Guimicheva Boriana , Gosh Srirupa , Hamid Rosol , Penna Leonie , Sarris Ippokratis 
Published: March 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate whether eponymous maneuvers and mnemonics taught for the management of shoulder dystocia, vaginal breech delivery, and uterine inversion were remembered and understood in practice.MethodsA questionnaire was distributed to obstetricians and midwives collecting information about the HELPERR and PALE SISTER mnemonics. Three extended matching questions evaluated participants’ knowledge of the correct maneuvers, with their matching eponyms, used in the management of shoulder dystocia, vaginal breech delivery, and uterine inversion.ResultsOf the 112 participants, 90% were familiar with the HELPERR mnemonic, with 79% using it in their practice. Of those who used it, only 32% could correctly decipher it (P = 0.032). PALE SISTER was mostly unfamiliar. The percentages of correct maneuvers used for managing shoulder dystocia, breech delivery, and uterine inversion were 84.6%, 58.3%, and 28.6%, respectively. However, the eponyms were correctly matched to their maneuvers in only 33.3%, 14.3%, and 0% of cases, respectively (P < 0.01).ConclusionThe meanings of the mnemonics for obstetric emergencies were frequently recalled incorrectly. This, together with the poor correlation between knowledge of maneuvers and their eponyms, limits their usefulness and indicates that teaching should focus on learning without relying on mnemonics and eponyms.
Synthetic shoes attenuate hoof impact in the trotting warmblood horse
Authors: Back Willem , van Schie Maaike HM , Pol Jessica N 
Published: March 2014

AbstractImpact is considered the most critical part of the stance phase for the development of chronic articular disorders such as osteoarthritis in the equine distal limb. Modern, synthetic shoeing materials are believed to modify impact and therefore are often used to treat an/r prevent lameness due to chronic joint disorders. Scientific evidence is scarce, however, to prove this. Hoof impact of forelimb was compared quantitatively in a group of horses under three conditions: unshod, classical steel shoes and shod with a synthetic shoe. Twelve sound warmblood horses were trotted by hand on an asphalt track at a mean speed of 3.5ms−1and measured in a Latin square design (unshod condition, with steel shoes and with polyurethane (PU) shoes) using a triaxial accelerometer that had been fixed to the lateral hoof wall of the left forelimb. The sampling frequency was set at 10kHz per channel. The maximum amplitude of vertical and horizontal, forwar/ackward accelerations at hoof impact was lowest when shod using the PU shoeing condition (P<0.05), but the duration of the impact vibrations was lowest when unshod. PU shoes cause more damping, less friction and slower shock absorption at hoof level compared with the other two conditions and thus modify impact. Synthetic, polyurethane shoes may help in reducing peak vibrations. These short-term effects appear to be promising enough to evaluate PU shoes under field conditions in reducing impact on the longer term after substantial wear and tear. Furthermore, the possible role of synthetic materials in repairing critical tissues or even in preventing osteoarthritis in horses warrants further investigation.
The Effect of the Surface Inclination on the Hydrodynamics and Thermodynamics of Leidenfrost Droplets
Authors: Pournaderi P. , Pishevar A. R. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this research, the effect of the surface inclination on the hydrodynamics and heat transfer of droplets impinging on very hot surfaces is studied. The applied numerical algorithm is based on the accurate calculation of the vaporization rate in the simulation process using a combination of the level set and ghost fluid methods. Also a mesh clustering technique is utilized to create sufficient mesh resolution near the surface in order to take into account the effect of the thin vapor layer between droplet and very hot surface. The results are verified against available experiments. The effect of the surface inclination on the droplet maximum spreading radius, droplet contact time and total heat removal from the surface is considered. Results show that for the studied regime, the maximum spreading radius of the droplet is decreased with an increase in the surface inclination while the droplet contact time on the surface is independent from the surface inclination. For inclinations greater than 45°, the total heat removal is decreased considerably with an increase in the inclination angle. For smaller inclinations, the dependency of the total heat removal on the surface inclination is not strong.
Relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake
Authors: Spronk Inge , Kullen Charina , Burdon Catriona , O'Connor Helen 
Published: March 2014

The present systematic review examined the relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake in adults (mean age ≥ 18 years). Relevant databases were searched from the earliest record until November 2012. Search terms included: nutrition; diet or food knowledge and energy intake; feeding behaviour; diet; eating; nutrient or food intake or consumption. Included studies were original research articles that used instruments providing quantitative assessment of both nutrition knowledge and dietary intake and their statistical association. The initial search netted 1 193 393 potentially relevant articles, of which twenty-nine were eligible for inclusion. Most of them were conducted in community populations (n22) with fewer (n7) in athletic populations. Due to the heterogeneity of methods used to assess nutrition knowledge and dietary intake, a meta-analysis was not possible. The majority of the studies (65·5 %: community 63·6 %; athletic 71·4 %) reported significant, positive, but weak (r< 0·5) associations between higher nutrition knowledge and dietary intake, most often a higher intake of fruit and vegetables. However, study quality ranged widely and participant representation from lower socio-economic status was limited, with most participants being tertiary educated and female. Well-designed studies using validated methodologies are needed to clarify the relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake. Diet quality scores or indices that aim to evaluate compliance to dietary guidelines may be particularly valuable for assessing the relationship between nutrition knowledge and dietary intake. Nutrition knowledge is an integral component of health literacy and as low health literacy is associated with poor health outcomes, contemporary, high-quality research is needed to inform community nutrition education and public health policy.
Nitrogen balance and use efficiency on twenty-one intensive grass-based dairy farms in the South of Ireland
Authors: MIHAILESCU E. , MURPHY P. N. C. , RYAN W. , CASEY I. A. , HUMPHREYS J. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYThere is increasing concern about balancing agronomic and environmental gains from nitrogen (N) usage on dairy farms. Data from a 3-year (2009–2011) survey were used to assess farm-gate N balances and N use efficiency (NUE) on 21 intensive grass-based dairy farms operating under the good agricultural practice (GAP) regulations in Ireland. Mean stocking rate (SR) was 2·06 livestock units (LU)/ha, mean N surplus was 175 kg/ha, or 0·28 kg N/kg milk solids (MS), and mean NUE was 0·23. Nitrogen inputs were dominated by inorganic fertilizer (186 kg N/ha) and concentrates (26·6 kg N/ha), whereas outputs were dominated by milk (40·2 kg N/ha) and livestock (12·8 kg N/ha). Comparison with similar studies carried out before the introduction of the GAP regulations in 2006 would suggest that N surplus, both per ha and per kg MS, have significantly decreased (by 40 and 32%, respectively) and NUE increased (by 27%), mostly due to decreased inorganic fertilizer N input and improvements in N management, with a notable shift towards spring application of organic manures, indicating improved awareness of the fertilizer value of organic manures and good compliance with the GAP regulations regarding fertilizer application timing. These results would suggest a positive impact of the GAP regulations on dairy farm N surplus and NUE, indicating an improvement in both environmental and economic sustainability of dairy production through improved resource-use efficiencies. Such improvements will be necessary to achieve national targets of improved water quality and increased efficiency/sustainability of the dairy industry. The weak impact of SR on N surplus found in the present study would suggest that, with good management, increased SR and milk output per ha may be achievable, while decreasing N surplus per ha. Mean N surplus was lower than the overall mean surplus (224 kg N/ha) from six studies of northern and continental European dairy farms, while mean NUE was similar, largely due to the low input/output system that is more typical in Ireland, with seasonal milk production (compact spring calving), low use of concentrates, imported feed and forages, high use of grazed grass and lower milk yields per ha.