bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trauma center rehabilitation systems in Latin America
Authors: Padilla-Rojas Luis G. , Tamayo-Cosio Johnatan , Garín-Zertuche Darío E. , Rojas-Herrera Christian A. , Vallejo Linda , Leal Jaime A. , Soarez-Hungria José O. , Caiero Marcelo T. , Tabares-Neyra Horacio , González Roig Jorge L. , Giordano Vincenzo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Trauma is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide with high rates of disability in survivors. With improvements in care, rehabilitation of the trauma patient is a cornerstone to reducing sequelae. A lack of well-established hospital rehabilitation units and standardized protocols for managing posttraumatic injuries is a common problem in Latin American countries. Future studies should seek to understand the barriers and gaps in care so that consensus and ultimately best practice guidelines can be developed and included in rehabilitation programs throughout trauma centers in Latin America.
Depressive and Anxious Symptoms, Experimentally Manipulated Acute Social-Evaluative Threat, and Cortisol Reactivity
Authors: Strickland Megan G. , Myszkowski Nils , Hooker Emily D. , Zoccola Peggy M. , Dickerson Sally S. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
Exposure to social-evaluative threat (SET) can elicit greater physiological responses, including cortisol, compared to non-SET stressors. An individual’s level of depressive and anxious symptoms predicts variability in cortisol responses to stressors, and other research suggests that these individual differences may predict vulnerability to social evaluation. The current study integrates both lines of research, testing if there are different relationships between depressive and/or anxious symptoms and cortisol reactivity in the presence or absence of SET.

Methods
Healthy undergraduate students (N = 158, 65% female) were randomly assigned to deliver a speech in the presence (SET) or absence (non-SET) of two evaluators. Salivary cortisol was collected throughout, and self-reported depressive and anxious symptoms were assessed. We hypothesized that in the SET condition, higher levels of depressive and/or anxious symptoms would predict dysregulated cortisol responses compared to lower levels of symptoms and/or assignment to the non-SET group.

Results
In spite of inconclusive p values (which might be attributed to low statistical power), individuals with high depressive or high anxious symptoms appeared to have exaggerated cortisol responses in the SET condition, as indicated by more concave trajectories.

Conclusions
This study suggests that both depression and anxiety could be associated with increased cortisol reactivity to SET.
Social Cognition, Executive Functioning, Mood, and Disability in Cervical Dystonia
Authors: Diepman Madeleine , Seery Christina , Rafee Shameer , Somers Rachel , O’Riordan Séan , Hutchinson Michael , O’Keeffe Fiadhnait 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Individuals with idiopathic adult-onset isolated cervical dystonia (CD) may have cognitive difficulties and increased mood challenges. Social cognition and executive functioning may be particularly affected.

Objective:
To explore social cognition and executive functioning performance in individuals with CD, using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), as previous research has used traditional, nondigital neuropsychological assessments. We sought to investigate the relationships between social cognition, executive functioning, mood, and disability in individuals with CD.

Methods:
We recruited 37 individuals with CD, including 26 women with an age range of 33 to 69 years (M = 56.64, SD = 8.31) from a dystonia clinic in a hospital neurology department. The individuals completed selected tasks from the CANTAB measuring social cognition and executive functioning. We compared the individuals’ performance with CANTAB normative data. Depression, anxiety, disease severity, and disability were measured.

Results:
The individuals with CD had significantly lower scores than the CANTAB normative data in both social cognition and executive functioning tasks, with the largest differences evident in problem-solving, attention, and positive emotion bias tasks. Poorer emotion recognition was associated with increased difficulties in problem-solving tasks. The individuals demonstrated a bias toward identifying happiness in facial affect, which was related to a poorer recognition of emotions. Cognitive performance was not related to CD severity or disability or to current mood symptoms.

Conclusion:
Difficulties with both social cognition and executive functioning were identified in the individuals with CD, and are likely important targets for clinical interventions.
Intraoperative Neuromonitoring for the Lower-Extremity Region Using Motor-Evoked Potential With Direct Cortical Stimulation in Brain Tumor Surgeries
Authors: Takatani Tsunenori , Matsuda Ryosuke , Hayashi Hironobu , Maeoka Ryosuke , Nakase Kenta , Morisaki Yudai , Yokoyama Shohei , Takeshima Yasuhiro , Nakagawa Ichiro , Momoyama Yasushi , Kawaguchi Masahiko 
Published: August 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the motor function of the lower extremity (LE), we used direct cortical stimulation motor-evoked potential (D-MEP) monitoring with a single six-contact subdural strip electrode placed in the interhemispheric fissure.

Methods:
Intraoperative neuromonitoring using D-MEPs in the LE was performed in 18 cases (16 patients) for brain tumor surgery from December 2018 to April 2023 with a follow-up period of at least 3 months. After dural opening, a single six-contact subdural strip electrode was placed inside the interhemispheric fissure. To identify the central sulcus, phase reversal was recorded using somatosensory evoked potentials. Next, direct cortical stimulation was applied to the primary motor cortex. The baseline waveform was defined as a reproducible waveform of 30 µV or higher, and a significant decrease of ≥50% in the amplitude resulted in a warning during surgery.

Results:
The success rate of central sulcus identification in the LE was 66.7% (12/18 cases). Direct cortical stimulation motor-evoked potential monitoring could record stable contralateral motor-evoked potentials of the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and abductor hallucis in 16 of 18 cases (88.9%). The mean intensity of stimulation for D-MEPs was 20.5 ± 9.9 mA, and the 16 cases showed no significant reduction in amplitude. Seventeen cases showed no deterioration of motor function of the LE at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. In the remaining case with unsuccessful D-MEP, paralysis of the LE worsened at 1 and 3 months postoperatively.

Conclusions:
The placement of electrodes in the interhemispheric fissure on the primary motor cortex of the LE enabled motor-function monitoring in the LE with D-MEPs, suggesting that D-MEP-based monitoring may be a reliable approach.
Human cell adaptation of the swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus spike protein
Authors: Soriano-Tordera Clàudia , Sanjuán Rafael , Dufloo Jérémy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSwine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a recently identified highly pathogenic swine coronavirus. In vitro, SADS-CoV can infect cell lines from many different species, including humans, highlighting its high zoonotic potential. Coronavirus spike glycoproteins play a critical role in viral entry and are involved in determining viral host range and cellular tropism. Here, we used experimental evolution to investigate how the SADS-CoV spike protein adapts to human cells and to identify potential variants with increased infectivity. We evolved a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing the SADS-CoV spike (rVSV-SADS) in three human cell lines. After ten passages, increased viral replication was observed, and spike mutations were identified by sequencing. Mutations were functionally characterized in terms of viral fitness, spike processing and fusogenicity. Our results thus identify potential human-adaptive mutations in the SADS-CoV spike that may further enhance its zoonotic potential.ImportanceCoronavirus transmission from animals represents a serious threat to humans. Pigs are of particular concern because of their proximity to humans and the several coronaviruses they harbor. In particular, the swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a recently identified highly pathogenic porcine coronavirus that has a very broad tropism in vitro, highlighting its high zoonotic risk. The coronavirus spike protein is a strong determinant of species tropism, and spike mutations may facilitate cross-species transmission. Here, to identify potential variants with increased ability to enter human cells, we used an experimental evolution approach to study how the SADS-CoV spike adapts to different human cell lines. These mutations, should they occur in nature, could potentially increase the zoonotic potential of SADS-CoV.
Adverse childhood experiences as a risk factor for depression-overweight comorbidity in adolescence and young adulthood
Authors: Kilpi Fanny , Goncalves Soares Ana L , Howe Laura D 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe comorbidity of depression and overweight is a manifestation of mental-physical multimorbidity, a marker of complex healthcare needs. We sought to examine how adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with depression-overweight comorbidity in the period of adolescence and early adulthood, and the extent to which associations are sensitive to age, sex and socioeconomic background.MethodsUsing data from 4734 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort we estimated relative risk ratios (RRR) for the associations of multiple ACEs (physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, emotional neglect, being bullied, parental substance abuse, violence between parents, parental criminal conviction, parental separation, parental mental illness or suicide) with depression only, overweight only or their comorbidity at ages 17 and 24. We tested whether associations differed by sex and socioeconomic background, indicated by parental education.ResultsMost ACEs were associated with depression-overweight comorbidity, and there was a dose-response relationship whereby a greater number of ACEs was associated with greater risk and this continued from adolescence to young adulthood. Some ACEs associations with comorbidity appeared to be influenced by sex: at age 17, females had stronger associations for parental separation and mental health problems, and at age 24, sexual abuse had a stronger association in males. We did not find evidence that the sensitivity to ACEs varied by parental education.ConclusionsACEs across childhood are associated with depression-overweight comorbidity in late adolescence, which demonstrates their potential impact on the early manifestation of complex healthcare needs.
Contact-based transfer of thymidylate promotes collective tumor growth
Authors: Siddiqui Mohammad A. , Rømer Anne Mette A. , Pinna Luisa , Ramesh Vignesh , Møller Sarah S. , Gollavilli Paradesi N. , Turtos Adriana M. , Varghese Steffi , Guldborg Lærke B. , Palani Nagendra P. , Napoli Francesca , Volante Marco , Bahena Luis Córdova , Velasco Marco , Somyajit Kumar , Swietach Pawel , Ceppi Paolo 
Published: August 2024

SummarySustained cell proliferation is a fundamental hallmark of cancer, yet its mechanism remains elusive, particularly in context of heterogenous tumor organization, intercellular interactions, and metabolite exchanges. In this study, we uncover a mechanism of tumor growth viacollective proliferation, where cells connected by gap junctions enable equilibration of thymidylate (dTMP) to allow the proliferation of cells lacking canonicalde novodTMP biosynthesis and salvage driven by thymidylate synthase (TYMS) and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) enzymes, respectively. Collective proliferation is driven by dTMP-proficient cancer cells alongside cells of varied origins, such as macrophages and endothelial cells. The mechanism is also observed in clinical samples and is validated in a genetic mouse model of lung cancer harboring dualTyms/Tk1tumor-specific knockout, in which tumors grow despite lacking enzymatic dTMP synthesis and tumor progression is opposed by gap junction inhibition. Data further hint that this mechanism is critical driver of tumor pathophysiology, influencing key processes such as senescence, genomic instability and drug resistance. These findings revise the current dogma of ubiquitous nucleotide biosynthesis in each proliferating cancer cell in a tumor and suggest that a programmed dTMP distribution maintains collective tumor growth. This mechanism could be exploited in cancer therapy.
Direct imaging of neural activity reveals neural circuits via spatiotemporal activation mapping
Authors: Keum Jae-Youn , Toi Phan Tan , Park Semi , Chun Heejung , Park Jang-Yeon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTwo years ago, our group reported direct imaging of neuronal activity (DIANA), a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique that directly detects neuronal activity at high spatiotemporal resolution. In this study, we successfully reproduced the DIANA response in medetomidine-anesthetized mice using forelimb electrical stimulation at 11.7 T. More importantly, we showed that multiple neural circuits can be effectively revealed by DIANA fMRI through spatiotemporal activation mapping. The spatiotemporal activation mapping proposed here utilizes the temporal information of the DIANA response, that is, the time when the DIANA response reaches its peak, which is a unique feature that distinguishes it from the activation mapping method used in existing fMRI. Based on DIANA activation areas, we identified several neural circuits involved in forelimb sensory processing in the somatosensory network, which includes multiple brain regions: ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus (VPL), posteromedial thalamic nucleus (POm), forelimb primary somatosensory cortex (S1FL), secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), primary motor cortex (M1), and secondary motor cortex (M2). Additionally, we also identified a pain-related neural circuit involving brain regions of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and mediodorsal nucleus (MD). Interestingly, the spatiotemporal activation mapping also allowed us to identify subregions with different DIANA response times within the same functional region (e.g., VPL, POm, S1FL, and S2). Our study highlights the potential of DIANA fMRI to advance our understanding of sensory information processing throughout the brain and to provide insight into the spatiotemporal dynamics of brain networks at the level of neural circuits.
Morphology-dependent entry kinetics and spread of influenza A virus
Authors: Peterl Sarah , Lahr Carmen M. , Schneider Carl N. , Meyer Janis , Podlipensky Xenia , Lechner Vera , Villiou Maria , Eis Larissa , Klein Steffen , Funaya Charlotta , Cavalcanti-Adam Elisabetta Ada , Graw Frederik , Selhuber-Unkel Christine , Rohr Karl , Chlanda Petr 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInfluenza A viruses (IAV) display a broad variety of morphologies ranging from spherical to long filamentous virus particles. These diverse phenotypes are believed to allow the virus to overcome various immunological and pulmonary barriers during entry into the airway epithelium and influence the viral entry pathway. Remarkably, lab-adapted IAV strains lost this morphological variance and exhibit preferred spherical morphology. However, it remains unclear which factors lead to this lab-adapted preference and which pulmonary defense factors are responsible for the preferred filamentous morphology in physiological settings. In this study, we established fluorescent reporter viruses with spherical or filamentous morphology but with the same surface glycoproteins. We developed a correlative fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy workflow to analyze the impact of viral morphology on cell-to-cell spread and identify conditions under which IAV with either spherical or filamentous morphology confer an advantage. Our findings demonstrate that filamentous IAV cell-to-cell spread is significantly slower in various cell lines, which can explain the predominant spherical morphology in lab-adapted strains. This observation is consistent with delayed entry kinetics of filamentous viruses structurally analyzed by cellular cryo-electron tomography. We found that cellular junction integrity and mucin do not exert morphology-dependent inhibition of IAV cell-to-cell spread. On the other hand, filamentous virions confer an advantage under the pressure exerted by neutralizing antibodies against hemagglutinin.
The conserved biochemical activity and function of an early metazoan phosphatidylinositol 5 phosphate 4-kinase regulates growth and development
Authors: Krishnan Harini , Muzaffar Suhail , Sharma Sanjeev , Ramya Visvanathan , Ghosh Avishek , Sowdhamini Ramanathan , Raghu Padinjat 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe ability to co-ordinate function between multiple cells is a critical requirement for multi-cellularity. This co-ordination is mediated by hormones or growth factors, molecules secreted by one cell type that can convey information to the other cells and influence their behaviour. Hormone-dependent signalling is mediated by second messenger systems;phosphoinositides (PIs) generated by lipid kinase activity are one such key second messenger system. Phosphatidylinositol 5 phosphate 4-kinase (PIP4K) is a lipid kinase that phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate (PI5P) to generate phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2]. Following a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of ca. 23296 proteomes covering the tree of life, we find that PIP4K is a metazoan-specific enzyme, although its homologs are also found in choanoflagellate genomes. To understand their function in early metazoans, we experimentally analysed the biochemical activity and physiological function of PIP4K from several early metazoans. We find that the PIP4K enzyme from an early branching metazoan spongeAmphimedon queenslandica(AqPIP4K), regarded as the earliest evolved metazoan, shows a biochemical activity highly conserved with human PIP4K; AqPIP4K is able to selectively phosphorylate PI5P to generate PI(4,5)P2just as effectively as the human enzyme. Further, AqPIP4K was able to rescue the reduced cell size, growth and development phenotype in larvae of a null mutant inDrosophilaPIP4K. These phenotypes are regulated through activity of the hormone insulin, acting via the cell surface insulin receptor, a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family, that is unique to metazoans. Together, our findings indicate that in early metazoans, AqPIP4K is likely to function in a signal transduction pathway that is required for receptor tyrosine kinase signalling. Overall, our work defines PIP4K as a signal transduction motif required to regulate receptor tyrosine kinase signalling for intercellular communication in the earliest forms of metazoa.
Rapidin vitromethod to assemble and transfer DNA fragments into the JCVI-syn3B minimal synthetic bacterial genome through Cre/loxPsystem
Authors: Uenoyama Atsuko , Kiyama Hana , Mimura Mone , Miyata Makoto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractJCVI-syn3B (syn3B), a minimal synthetic bacterium that only possesses essential genes, facilitates the examination of heterogeneous gene functions in minimal life. Conventionally,Escherichia coliis used to construct DNA fragments for gene transfer into the syn3B genome through Cre/loxPsystem. However, the construction process is challenging and time-consuming due to various issues, including the inhibition ofE. coligrowth and unexpected recombination, especially with AT-rich DNA sequences such as those found inMycoplasmagenes. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a new transformation method to overcome these issues. We assembled the vector and target DNA fragments using an in vitro homologous recombination system and subsequently transferred the products into the syn3B genome. We obtained approximately 103∼104recombinant colonies per milliliter of the original culture in eight days, which is four days shorter than the conventional period, without any recombination issues, even for AT-rich DNA. This method may be applicable to other gene manipulation systems based on Cre/loxPsystem.SignificanceA rapid and trouble free method was developed to transfer genes to the genome of minimal synthetic bacterium JCVI-Syn3B through Cre/loxPsystem. This method can be applied to Cre/loxP-based gene manipulation system in various research fields.
Prevalence of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle in chemolithoautotrophic psychrophiles and the potential for cold-adapted Rubisco
Authors: Harrison Kaitlin , Rapp Josephine Z. , Jaffe Alexander L. , Deming Jody W. , Young Jodi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe act of fixing inorganic carbon into the biosphere is largely facilitated by one enzyme, Rubisco. Beyond well-studied plants and cyanobacteria, many bacteria use Rubisco for chemolithoautotrophy in extreme environments on Earth. Here, we characterized the diversity of chemolithoautotrophic Rubiscos in subzero environments. First, we surveyed subzero environments and found that the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle was the most prevalent chemolithoautotrophic pathway. Second, we uncovered potential for chemolithoautotrophy in metagenomes from two distinct subzero, hypersaline Arctic environments: 40-kyr relic marine brines encased within permafrost (cryopeg brines) and first-year sea ice. Again, the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle was the dominant chemolithoautotrophic pathway in both environments, though with different Rubisco forms. From cryopeg brine, we reconstructed four metagenome-assembled genomes with the potential for chemolithoautotrophy, of which the sulfur-oxidizing genusThiomicrorhabduswas most abundant. A broader survey ofThiomicrorhabdusgenomes from diverse environments identified a core complement of three Rubisco forms (II, IAc, IAq) with distinct patterns of gain and loss. We developed a model framework and compared these different Rubisco forms across [CO2], [O2], and temperature. We found that form II outcompetes form I at low O2, but cold temperatures minimize this advantage. However, further inspection of form II from cold environments uncovered signals of thermal adaptation of key amino acids which resulted in a more exposed active site. These modifications suggest that these form II Rubisco proteins may have unique kinetics or thermal stability. This work can help address the limits of autotrophic functionality in extreme environments on Earth and other planetary bodies.ImportanceAutotrophy, or the fixation of inorganic carbon to biomass, is a key factor in life’s ability to thrive on Earth. Research on autotrophy has focused on plants and algae, but many bacteria are also autotrophic and can survive and thrive under more extreme conditions. These bacteria are a window to past autotrophy on Earth, as well as potential autotrophy in extreme environments elsewhere in the Universe. Our study focused on dark, cold, saline environments, which are likely to be found on Enceladus and Europa, as well as in the Martian subsurface. We found compelling evidence of cold adaptation in a key autotrophic enzyme, Rubisco, which could expand the known boundaries of autotrophy in rapidly disappearing icy environments on Earth. We also present a novel model framework that can be used to probe the limits of autotrophy not only on Earth but also on key astrobiological targets like Enceladus and Europa.