bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breeding depression of red flesh apple progeny containing both functional MdMYB10 and MYB110a_JP genes
Authors: Hamada Yuka , Sato Hideto , Otagaki Shungo , Okada Kazuma , Abe Kazuyuki , Matsumoto Shogo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn apple, two MYB transcription factors MdMYB10 (R6:MdMYB10) and MdMYB110a have been shown to be responsible for the type 1 and type 2 red flesh traits, respectively. While type 1 red‐fleshed apples are characterized by a red coloration not only in fruit flesh but also in vegetative tissues such as leaves and flowers, red pigmentation in type 2 red‐fleshed apples is limited at the fruit flesh. We have searched cultivars containing both functional MdMYB10 and MdMYB110a and then tried to breed new cultivars containing both functional genes by cross‐pollination of ‘Geneva’ (type 1) and ‘Pink Pearl’ (type 2). The cultivar having both genes should exhibit superior characteristics, such as a stable red flesh trait throughout fruit maturity, as type 1 reduces its colouring until maturity, whereas type 2 increases until maturity. We could not identify red‐fleshed cultivars having both genes; moreover, only one plant of 80 F1 progeny having both genes died in its juvenile stage. From the results, it was suggested that some sort of breeding depression must have occurred. We analysed the expression patterns of the genes within two F1 plants having either MdMYB10 or MdMYB110a gene and found that the expression pattern of MdMYB110a was different from that observed in ‘JPP35’ (‘Jonathan’ × ‘Pink Pearl’). The MdMYB110a gene in the No. 2804 F1 plant derived from ‘Pink Pearl’ × ‘Geneva’ was expressed in the flesh from the beginning of the red coloration through maturity, and seemed to cause upregulation, not only the latter half, but also the first half of the gene in the anthocyanin pathway.
Clinical characteristics of rotavirus gastroenteritis with urinary crystals
Authors: Shirasu Akihiko , Ashida Akira , Matsumura Hideki , Nakakura Hyogo , Tamai Hiroshi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundRotavirus gastroenteritis is severe and often results in dehydration and pre‐renal azotemia. In addition, some patients with acute obstructive uropathy due to ammonium acid urate stones, developing approximately 6–7 days after the onset of rotavirus gastroenteritis, have been reported, mainly in Japan. The pathophysiological mechanism responsible for stone formation has not been clarified. In the present study, we investigated the clinical characteristics of these patients, and analyzed the pathophysiology underlying the formation of urinary stones.MethodsA total of 164 patients were enrolled. All had acute gastroenteritis due to rotavirus infection and were treated at Osaka Medical College Hospital and affiliated hospitals between January 2009 and May 2011. All were younger than 15 years of age, and their laboratory data, including urinalysis, were available.ResultsAmong the enrolled patients, 30 (20 boys and 10 girls aged 0.2–10 years; median, 1.5 years; interquartile range, 1–3 years) had crystals in their urine. Most of the patients were admitted approximately 2 days after onset of gastroenteritis and had hyperuricemia and aciduria. The crystals consisted mainly of uric acid, and rarely of ammonium acid urate.ConclusionIn order for ammonium acid urate stones to form in patients with acute obstructive uropathy associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis, prolonged continuous acidosis with hyperuricemia, might be necessary. Therefore, normalization of metabolic acidosis is important in order to prevent the onset of obstructive uropathy associated with rotavirus gastroenteritis.
Factors affecting perioperative mortality in tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Saygi Murat , Ergul Yakup , Tola Hasan Tahsin , Ozyilmaz Isa , Ozturk Erkut , Onan Ismihan Selen , Haydin Sertac , Erek Ersin , Yeniterzi Mehmet , Guzeltas Alper , Odemis Ender , Bakir Ihsan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe evaluated the preoperative, operative and postoperative risk factors affecting early mortality in patients who underwent total correction of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF).MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐two TOF patients who underwent reparative surgery between January 2010 and November 2013 were enrolled in the study.ResultsMean patient age and weight was 2.3 ± 2.5 years and 11.3 ± 6.4 kg, respectively. Cardiac catheterization was performed in 101 patients (83%),and coronary anomalies were found in 11 patients. Mean McGoon index, pulmonary annulus z‐score, main pulmonary artery z‐score, left pulmonary artery z‐score and right pulmonary artery z‐score were 2.0 ± 0.4, –1.85 ± 1.54, –2.84 ± 2.06, 1.17 ± 1.73, and 0.74 ± 1.57, respectively. Total reparative surgery with a transannular patch was performed in 97 patients (79.6%); the rest underwent valve‐sparing surgery. Median duration of postoperative mechanical ventilation, intensive care and hospital stay were 19 h, 3 days and 9 days, respectively. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was required in 10 patients in the postoperative early period. Arrhythmias occurring in the early postoperative period were junctional ectopic tachycardia (n = 13), complete atrioventricular block(n = 10; permanent epicardial pacemaker implanted in four) and ventricular tachycardia (n = 4). Nine patients died in the early postoperative period (7.3%). Parameters found to be associated with increased mortality were low preoperative oxygen saturation; high right ventricular/aortic pressure ratio immediately after surgery; presence of coronary anomaly; requirement of postoperative ECMO; and pacemaker (P = 0.02, P = 0.04, P = 0.01, P = 0.0001, P = 0.03, respectively).ConclusionsPoor preoperative oxygenation, presence of coronary anomaly, complete AV block in the early postoperative period, high RV pressure and requirement of ECMO appear to be the most significant factors that affect early mortality in the surgical treatment of TOF. Appropriate preoperative assessment, correct surgical strategies and attentive intensive care monitoring are required in order to reduce mortality.
Effect of late‐onset fetal growth restriction on organization of behavioral state in infants
Authors: Aldrete‐Cortez Vania , Schnaas Lourdes , Poblano Adrián , Carrillo‐Mora Paul , Olivas‐Peña Efraín , Bello‐Muñoz Juan Carlos , Guzmán‐Huerta Mario , Mansilla‐Olivares Armando 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to analyze whether late‐onset fetal growth restriction (FGR) alters regulatory capability in infants, and whether this can be detected using both the neonatal behavior assessment scale (NBAS) and brainstem auditory‐evoked potentials (BAEP).MethodsThe diagnosis of FGR was made on Doppler examination in the third trimester of pregnancy. NBAS and BAEP measurement were performed at 1 month of corrected postnatal age.ResultsThe group with late‐onset FGR was integrated with 17 infants and the control group consisted of 14 subjects. The NBAS range of state score, which reflects organization of behavioral state, was low in infants with late‐onset FGR. No differences were found in BAEP between groups. No association between NBAS and BAEP was detected.ConclusionLate‐onset FGR has a deleterious effect on NBAS range of state, but possibly does not alter BAEP response. It is proposed that regulatory capabilities in the neonatal period play a primary role in subtle cognitive difficulties in infants with late‐onset FGR in the long term.
Differences between abusive head trauma and physical abuse in Japan
Authors: Tanoue Koji , Matsui Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe examined differences in characteristics between abusive head trauma (AHT) and physical abuse (PA).MethodsWe examined 45 AHT patients and 119 PA patients during the period 1 April 2000–31 March 2014, at Kanagawa Children's Medical Center (Kanagawa, Japan). We compared patient age, young maternal or parental age, being the first child, child factors (chronic illness, developmental disabilities and preterm birth), parental factors (substance abuse/alcohol abuse and depression or other mental illness), environmental factors (single‐parent home, non‐biologically related man living in the home and family or intimate partner violence). Logistic regression was used to examine predictors of differences between AHT and PA for children <1 year of age.ResultsThere were differences in characteristics between AHT and PA in those <1 year old in child factors (OR, 3.47; 95%CI: 1.01–11.9) and environmental factors (OR, 14.2; 95%CI: 1.45–139).ConclusionsThe risk factors for AHT differ from those of PA. We speculate that AHT is not merely physical abuse of young infants; the characteristics of AHT differ significantly from those of PA. These observations are important for understanding and thereby preventing child abuse.
Photo and Chemical Reduction of Copper onto Anatase‐Type TiO2 Nanoparticles with Enhanced Surface Hydroxyl Groups as Efficient Visible Light Photocatalysts
Authors: Eskandarloo Hamed , Badiei Alireza , Behnajady Mohammad A. , Mohammadi Ziarani Ghodsi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this study, the photocatalytic efficiency of anatase‐type TiO2 nanoparticles synthesized using the sol–gel low‐temperature method, were enhanced by a combined process of copper reduction and surface hydroxyl groups enhancement. UV–light‐assisted photo and NaBH4‐assisted chemical reduction methods were used for deposition of copper onto TiO2. The surface hydroxyl groups of TiO2 were enhanced with the assistance of NaOH modification. The prepared catalysts were immobilized on glass plates and used as the fixed‐bed systems for the removal of phenazopyridine as a model drug contaminant under visible light irradiation. NaOH‐modified Cu/TiO2 nanoparticles demonstrated higher photocatalytic efficiency than that of pure TiO2 due to the extending of the charge carriers lifetime and enhancement of the adsorption capacity of TiO2 toward phenazopyridine. The relationship of structure and performance of prepared nanoparticles has been established by using various techniques, such as XRD, XPS, TEM, EDX, XRF, TGA, DRS and PL. The effects of preparation variables, including copper content, reducing agents rate (NaBH4 concentration and UV light intensity) and NaOH concentration were investigated on the photocatalytic efficiency of NaOH‐modified Cu/TiO2 nanoparticles.
Plasma IgG autoantibody against actin‐related protein 3 in liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini infection
Authors: Rucksaken R. , Haonon O. , Pinlaor P. , Pairojkul C. , Roytrakul S. , Yongvanit P. , Selmi C. , Pinlaor S. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryOpisthorchiasis secondary to Opisthorchis viverrini infection leads to cholangiocellular carcinoma through chronic inflammation of the bile ducts and possibly inducing autoimmunity. It was hypothesized that plasma autoantibodies directed against self‐proteins are biomarkers for opisthorchiasis. Plasma from patients with opisthorchiasis was tested using proteins derived from immortalized cholangiocyte cell lines, and spots reacting with plasma were excised and subjected to LC‐MS/MS. Seven protein spots were recognized by IgG autoantibodies, and the highest matching scored protein was actin‐related protein 3 (ARP3). The antibody against ARP3 was tested in plasma from 55 O. viverrini‐infected patients, 24 patients with others endemic parasitic infections and 17 healthy controls using Western blot and ELISA. Immunoreactivity against recombinant ARP3 was significantly more prevalent in opisthorchiasis compared to healthy controls at Western blotting and ELISA (P < 0·05). Plasma ARP3 autoantibody titres were also higher in opisthorchiasis compared to healthy individuals (P < 0·01) and other parasitic infections including Strongyloides stercoralis (P < 0·001), echinostome (P < 0·05), hookworms (P < 0·001) and Taenia spp. (P < 0·05). It was further characterized in that the ARP3 autoantibody titre had a sensitivity of 78·18% and specificity of 100% for opisthorchiasis. In conclusion, it may be suggested that plasma anti‐ARP3 might represent a new diagnostic antibody for opisthorchiasis.
Current Australasian practice for diagnosis and management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Where are we now?
Authors: Troy Lauren K. , Chapman Sally A. , Lake Fiona , Wilsher Margaret L. , Honeysett Liarna B. , Macansh Sacha , Corte Tamera J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveRecent international consensus statements have refined evidence‐based guidelines for the diagnosis and management of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study sought to investigate how closely these guidelines are adhered to and to compare current practices with those of a similar cohort 15 years ago.MethodsA questionnaire on IPF diagnosis and management was distributed to respiratory physicians practising in Australia and New Zealand, in 2012–2013, and results were compared with a similar survey conducted in 1999.ResultsA total of 172 and 144 questionnaires were completed in 1999 and 2012–2013, respectively. The most important investigations in both survey populations were high‐resolution computed tomography scans, spirometry, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, chest X‐ray, static lung volumes and autoimmune serology. In 1999, physicians were more likely to perform arterial blood gases, bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial lung biopsy. In the 2012–2013 cohort, 6‐min walk tests and pulse oximetry were more widely utilized. Treatment choices differed considerably between the two survey populations. In 1999, the majority would offer a steroid‐based regimen, whereas most would not use any specific treatment or would refer for trial participation in 2012–2013.ConclusionsApproach to IPF diagnosis and management is not uniform and has changed over 15 years. Surveyed respiratory physicians were generally practising in accordance with clinical guidelines, although significant variation in practice was identified in both cohorts. This study identifies the need to standardize care of IPF patients across Australia and New Zealand.
Manipulated Masculinities: Agribusiness, Deskilling, and the Rise of the Businessman‐Farmer in the United States
Authors: Bell Shannon Elizabeth , Hullinger Alicia , Brislen Lilian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this study we examine how the agribusiness industry works to manipulate conventional farming masculinities in the United States to facilitate agricultural deskilling, a process that has serious implications for the future of sustainable agriculture uptake among American farmers. Through analyzing one year's worth of advertisements in three conventional farming magazines and through conducting participant observation and interviews at the second largest indoor farming show in the United States, we examine the ways in which agribusiness companies, such as chemical, seed, and farm machinery manufacturers, represent farmers and farming masculinities in their advertisements and marketing materials. We observe a shift occurring among certain agribusiness sectors away from representations of a rugged, strong, solitary farmer, who dominates nature through his manual labor, to depictions of a “businessman” farmer, who farms in collaboration with certain qualified partners (i.e., company representatives). We ultimately argue that these new representations of farming masculinity aim to more deeply entrench conventional farmers' dependence on chemical inputs and agribusiness products by promoting a process of deskilling, effectively alienating the farmer from the land.
Complications of a High‐flow Access and Its Management
Authors: Sequeira Adrian , Tan Tze‐Woei 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA high‐flow access has been defined as one with a flow >1–1.5 l/minute or as one where the access flow is >20% of the cardiac output. Although it may be asymptomatic, it can be associated with cardiopulmonary complications, aneurysms, central vein stenosis and the distal hypoperfusion ischemic syndrome in some patients. The decision for surgical intervention should be made after careful medical optimization especially in patients with high output cardiopulmonary compromise. In this review, we present a summary of current knowledge about the pathophysiology of a high‐flow fistula, followed by a concise, comprehensive synopsis of current medical and surgical therapy.
What Farmers Know: Experiential Knowledge and Care in Vine Growing
Authors: Krzywoszynska Anna 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article contributes to the critical debate on the choreographies of care in farming (Law) through an exploration of the inter‐dependence of care and situated expertise in the context of vine work. It argues that care as the totality of those activities which enable the maintenance, continuation, and repair of the farming ‘world’, to paraphrase Fisher and Tronto's classic definition, depends on experiential knowledge. According toDreyfus andDreyfus attentiveness, responsiveness, and adaptation to the material environment are characteristic of high levels of expertise. Attentiveness, responsiveness, and adaptation are also what characterises good care (Tronto;Mol). Through an autoethnographic account of acquiring competence in vine work, the article illustrates how through practical engagement with the material and social environment of the farm key elements of the logic of care (Mol) are acquired. In conclusion, the article indicates some consequences of putting experiential knowledge at the heart of multi‐scalar and multi‐temporal cares farmers are increasingly asked to attend to.
Brain discriminative cognition on the perception of touching different fabric using fingers actively
Authors: Wang Q. , Yu W. , Chen K. , Zhang Z. 
Published: March 2015

Background/purposeUsing touching movement of fingers, human subjects can discriminate various tactile perception of fabric. As a continuation of the previous study, we aim to further investigate the discriminative mechanisms of the brain cognition to tactile stimulation of different fabric.MethodsWe used functional magnetic resonance imaging to observe the brain responses when the subjects touched linen fabric, as well as revisited the data from the previous silk fabric. And all the subjects were asked to compare the perception of touching the two fabric.ResultsCombining the results of brain responses and perception comparison, we found that activation in the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) and the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII), especially parietal operculum 1 (OP1) in this region, could discriminate this two kinds of fabric distinctly.ConclusionIt is suggested that the functional regions involved in the macrogeometric properties of fabric (such as pliability) is in SI, and the perception of microgeometry of fabric surface (such as roughness and glutinousness) in SII, especially in the sub‐region OP1 of the OP. Besides, activation in motor cortex can be a reference for the characterization of the brain cognition on the tactile stimulation of fabric.
Income Inequality, Equal Opportunity, and Attitudes About Redistribution*
Authors: Steele Liza G. 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveThis article explores how income inequality and social mobility affect attitudes about redistribution in global perspective.MethodsIndividual‐level data on over 50,000 individuals from 38 countries in the International Social Survey Programme are combined with country‐level data from the World Bank, Standardized Income Inequality Database, and the Economic Freedom of the World data. OLS regression models with robust, clustered standard errors are estimated to account for the presence of unobserved, country‐level effects in the error terms.ResultsSocial mobility is found to be a more important predictor of preferences for redistribution than income inequality. Specifically, those who live in countries with greater social mobility are more supportive of redistribution while individuals who have experienced upward mobility themselves are less supportive, although an upwardly mobile individual in a more mobile society is more supportive of redistribution than an upwardly mobile individual in a less mobile society.ConclusionsThe central finding of this study is that the tangibility of redistributive social policies may bolster support for social spending. The structures and institutions that facilitate upward mobility—and potentially attenuate some of the detrimental effects of income inequality—are generally the products of more comprehensive redistribution policies, and public opinion may reflect this.
Threshold Identification for Micro‐Tomographic Damage Characterisation in a Short‐Fibre‐Reinforced Polymer
Authors: Cosmi F. , Ravalico C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe micro‐tomographic technique represents an important tool for the analysis of the internal structure in short‐fibre‐reinforced polymers samples. For the investigation of damage mechanisms, detection of the micro‐voids within the matrix can be facilitated by applying a tensile load in‐situ during the scan. The investigations here described started from two micro‐CT acquisitions, at different strain levels, of the same PA6.6GF10 sample. An original procedure for micro‐voids identification is proposed, based on the statistical elaboration of the matrix grey‐tone range. In order to validate the suggested procedure beyond visual inspection, an independent method based on an optimisation approach, which puts to use the two available micro‐tomographic sets, was developed and applied. The effect of the tensile load, which can induce a progression of the damage within the specimen, was investigated, and the relations among strain, fibre distribution and micro‐voids volumetric fraction were studied. Our findings point out that the mechanisms of damage progression, even under static loading as in this case, appear to be more complex than those related to the fibre‐density‐induced stress concentrations alone and require further investigation.
A Low‐Cost Digital Image Correlation Technique for Characterising the Shear Deformation of Fabrics for Draping Studies
Authors: Pierce R. S. , Falzon B. G. , Thompson M. C. , Boman R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA novel digital image correlation (DIC) technique has been developed to track changes in textile yarn orientations during shear characterisation experiments, requiring only low‐cost digital imaging equipment. Fabric shear angles and effective yarn strains are calculated and visualised using this new DIC technique for bias extension testing of an aerospace grade, carbon‐fibre reinforcement material with a plain weave architecture. The DIC results are validated by direct measurement, and the use of a wide bias extension sample is evaluated against a more commonly used narrow sample. Wide samples exhibit a shear angle range 25% greater than narrow samples and peak loads which are 10 times higher. This is primarily due to excessive yarn slippage in the narrow samples; hence, the wide sample configuration is recommended for characterisation of shear properties which are required for accurate modelling of textile draping.