bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An analysis of the climate of Macaronesia, 1865–2012
Authors: Cropper T. E. , Hanna E. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractNew monthly, long‐running, continuous surface air temperature records for four island chains throughout the Macaronesian biogeographical zone in the North Atlantic Ocean are presented. The records run from 1865 for the Azores and Madeira, 1885 for the Canary Islands and 1895 for Cape Verde. Recent (1981–2010) warming across these islands is significant in summer (JJA) for the Canary Islands, Cape Verde and Madeira, ranging from 0.40 to 0.46 °C per decade. Annually, the temperature trends across this period range from 0.30 to 0.38 °C per decade across all four island chains (significant for all but the Canary Islands), which exceed the station‐based, average global temperature rise by up to 0.10 °C per decade. Precipitation records from multiple islands across Macaronesia are also presented in addition to sea‐level pressure records from the Azores and Cape Verde. Cape Verde wet season (ASO) precipitation is found to have significantly increased at two of our three sites from 1981 to 2010. The Azores, Canary Islands and Madeira precipitation trends display no significant changes, although the three Azores stations display a recent positive tendency. The extended Azores pressure record allows us to construct an entirely station‐based Azores‐Iceland North Atlantic Oscillation index (NAOI) from 1865 to 2012 and extend the daily station‐based index back to 1944, further than the longest previous daily NAOI by 6 years. In addition, we use the sea‐level pressure difference between the Azores and Cape Verde to create a novel method of characterizing trade wind strength across Macaronesia, the Trade Wind index (TWI), which points towards a recent, statistically significant increase (since 1973) throughout the region. Links between the winter and summer NAOI, TWI and Macaronesian temperature and precipitation are explored, as are the differences in warming trends between Macaronesia and analogous subtropical island chains, most of which are found to be warming at slower rates than the Macaronesia stations. © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
Modulation of the diurnal cycle of rainfall over India by intraseasonal variations of Indian summer monsoon
Authors: Deshpande N. R. , Goswami B. N. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTChanges in the amplitude and phase of the diurnal cycle of rainfall due to changes in the background circulation and thermodynamics associated with the intraseasonal variability of Indian summer monsoon have important implications for weather prediction over the region. Hourly rainfall data available at 91 Indian stations for 30 years of observations are examined to determine the role of intraseasonal variations of Indian summer monsoon in modulating the diurnal cycle of rainfall over four homogenous regions. Harmonic analysis of the diurnal cycle of rainfall shows predominance of principal harmonic during the break phase of monsoon. During an active phase first two harmonics contribute substantially to the total variance in central parts of the country. It is observed that peak rainfall occurs in the morning hours during both the active and break phases along the West Coast with small diurnal variation in rainfall. Two peaks in the diurnal cycle are observed during active phases over central India. This region shows delay in the occurrence of afternoon peak and rise in rainfall intensity during the break phase of recent years, while, increase in rainfall intensity at all hours during break phases is observed along the West Coast of India in recent years. Further analysis of meteorological parameters indicates that lower‐level convergence during late afternoon hours, reduction in geopotential height and increase in specific humidity (850 hPa) in central parts of India during morning and evening hours are in phase with the two maxima observed in the diurnal cycle of rainfall in this region. Therefore, spatial variations in daily rainfall pattern during active/break phases can be attributed to orographic effect and heterogeneous convective development in different parts of the country. © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society
Survival after resection of cutaneous adnexal carcinomas with eccrine differentiation: Risk factors and trends in outcomes
Authors: Avraham Jacob B. , Villines Dana , Maker Vijay K. , August Carey , Maker Ajay V. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundCurrent staging systems do not specifically address cutaneous adnexal carcinomas with eccrine differentiation. Due to their rarity, prognosis and management strategies are not well established. A population‐based study was performed to determine prognostic factors and survival.MethodsPatients diagnosed with cutaneous adnexal carcinomas with eccrine differentiation were identified using the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results population‐based cancer registry. Associations between risk factors, treatment modalities, and survival were calculated using logistical regression, Kaplan–Meier estimates and log‐rank analysis.ResultsThe incidence of distinct eccrine subtypes was determined within 1,045 patients with cutaneous adnexal tumors containing eccrine differentiation. All‐cause 5‐year survival (OS) was 82%, while age‐adjusted survival was 94%. Patients with microcystic adnexal carcinoma had improved OS (90%) compared to patients with hidradenocarcinoma (74%), spiradenocarcinoma (77%), porocarcinoma (79%), and eccrine adenocarcinoma (81%). The majority of patients were treated with surgical excision and a small subset with surgery plus radiation, with similar OS. Patients with well‐to‐moderately differentiated tumors demonstrated improved OS compared to those with poorly differentiated/anaplastic disease.ConclusionsHistological subtype and grade were associated with survival, and should be specified in biopsies and excised specimens. Surgical excision is appropriate, and the addition of adjuvant radiation may not be associated with survival. These results highlight survival data and high‐risk prognostic factors that warrant prospective validation, and may augment current staging systems. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013 108:57–62. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survival analysis of patients with chondrosarcomas of the pelvis
Authors: Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Angelini Andrea , Drago Gabriele , Merlino Biagio , Ruggieri Pietro 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundStudies for patients with pelvic chondrosarcomas are limited. This study determines the outcome of patients with pelvic chondrosarcomas, and whether there is any association with tumors' grade, type, stage, margins and pelvic location.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively studied 215 patients with pelvic chondrosarcomas. All patients had biopsy and histological diagnosis of their tumors followed by limb salvage or amputation. We staged patients using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society system. We performed a univariate and multivariate analysis of the survival to death, local recurrence and metastasis with respect to grade, type (central vs. peripheral), stage, margins, and pelvic location, and the survival to death of patients with and without local recurrence.ResultsGrade was the most important univariate and multivariate predictor of the survival of the patients. Dedifferentiation was associated with significantly lower overall survival. Peripheral chondrosarcomas predicted survival only in the univariate analysis. Surgical margins predicted local recurrence only in the multivariate analysis. Periacetabular location was associated with lower survival to death and local recurrence. The occurrence of local recurrence compromises the overall survival.ConclusionGrade was the most important predictor of the overall survival of patients with chondrosarcomas of the pelvis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013 108:19–27. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen as an outcome predictor in colon cancer
Authors: Amri Ramzi , Bordeianou Liliana G. , Sylla Patricia , Berger David L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveSeveral reports have shown that certain pre‐operative CEA intervals can be predictive of long‐term outcomes and have subsequently implied that preoperative CEA may be useful to assess the risk of recurrence or death as a continuous number for individual cases. This analysis assesses if this hypothesis is valid after correction for confounders.MethodsAll colon cancer patients operated on at Massachusetts General Hospital from 2004 through 2011 were considered for retrospective review. Association between outcomes and preoperative CEA was measured in intervals and as a linear relationship.ResultsOf the 1,071 patients operated for colon adenocarcinoma, 621 (57.9%) had a preoperative CEA drawn and were included in the analysis. In models using intervals, preoperative CEA did show association with (disease‐free) survival, but this was shown to be chiefly a surrogate for metastatic presentation. In linear approaches adjusted for metastatic presentation, CEA loses all correlations with metastatic disease (P = 0.84), survival (P = 0.11), survival duration (P = 0.42) and disease‐free interval (P = 0.94).ConclusionsExtrapolating the predictive value of certain preoperative CEA intervals to a continuous approach for use in a case‐for‐case basis is unjustified. Preoperative CEA may be a useful risk estimator but has limited significance for predictions of long‐term outcomes in individual cases. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;108:14‐18. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Attempted Inversion of Semiconducting Features of Platinum Polyyne Polymers: A New Approach for All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Yuan Yuping , Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Oguma Jun , Kato Takehito , Miyake Kunihito 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPlatinum(II) polyyne polymers containing thiophene‐acceptor‐thiophene units are synthesized, and their main chain alkynes are functionalized by the formal cycloaddition–retro‐electrocyclization reaction with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). The polymer energy levels are significantly decreased by the TCNE addition. Bulk‐heterojunction solar cells are fabricated using the TCNE‐adducted platinum(II) polyyne polymers. The use of these polymers as p‐type semiconductors in combination with n‐type fullerene derivatives indicates that the p‐type semiconducting ability decreases by approximately five to ten times after the TCNE addition. On the contrary, when the TCNE‐adducted polymers are employed as a substitute for the fullerene derivatives, the all‐polymer solar cells are initially fabricated.magnified image
Relationship between proprioception at the knee joint and gait ataxia in HSAN III
Authors: Macefield Vaughan G. , Norcliffe‐Kaufmann Lucy J. , Axelrod Felicia B. , Kaufmann Horacio 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundHereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III features marked ataxic gait that progressively worsens over time. We assessed whether proprioceptive disturbances can explain the ataxia.MethodsProprioception at the knee joint was assessed using passive joint angle matching in 18 patients and 14 age‐matched controls; 5 patients with cerebellar ataxia were also studied. Ataxia was quantified using the Brief Ataxia Rating Score, which ranged from 7 to 26 of 30.ResultsNeuropathy patients performed poorly in judging joint position: mean absolute error was 8.7° ± 1.0°, and the range was very wide (2.8°–18.1°); conversely, absolute error was only 2.7° ± 0.3° (1.6°–5.5°) in the controls and 3.0° ± 0.2° (2.1°–3.4°) in the cerebellar patients. This error was positively correlated to the degree of ataxia in the neuropathy patients but not the cerebellar patients.ConclusionsThese results suggest that poor proprioceptive acuity at the knee joint is a major contributor to the ataxic gait associated with hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy type III. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Current controversies on the role of behavior therapy in Tourette syndrome
Authors: Scahill Lawrence , Woods Douglas W. , Himle Michael B. , Peterson Alan L. , Wilhelm Sabine , Piacentini John C. , McNaught Kevin , Walkup John T. , Mink Jonathan W. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTComprehensive behavioral intervention for tics (CBIT) is a safe and effective treatment for managing the tics of Tourette syndrome (TS). In contrast to most current medications used for the treatment of tics, the efficacy of CBIT has been demonstrated in 2 relatively large, multisite trials. It also shows durability of benefit over time. Similar to psychopharmacological intervention, skilled practitioners are required to implement the intervention. Despite concerns about the effort required to participate in CBIT, patients with TS and parents of children with TS appear willing to meet the requirements of the CBIT program. Efforts are under way to increase the number of trained CBIT providers in the United States. Based on available evidence, recent published guidelines suggest that CBIT can be considered a first‐line treatment for persons with tic disorders. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Hydroxylated phenylacetamides derived from bioactive benzoxazinoids are bioavailable in humans after habitual consumption of whole grain sourdough rye bread
Authors: Beckmann Manfred , Lloyd Amanda J. , Haldar Sumanto , Seal Chris , Brandt Kirsten , Draper John 
Published: May 2013

ScopeUnderstanding relationships between dietary whole grain and health is hindered by incomplete knowledge of potentially bioactive metabolites derived from these foods. We aimed to discover compounds in urine correlated with changes in amounts of whole grain rye consumption.Methods and resultsAfter a wash‐out period, volunteers consumed 48‐g whole grain rye foods per day for 4 wk and then doubled their intake for a further 4 wk. Samples of 24‐h urines were analyzed by flow infusion electrospray MS followed by supervised multivariate data analysis. Urine samples from participants who reported high intakes of rye flakes, rye pasta, or total whole grain rye products could not be discriminated adequately from their wash‐out samples. However, discrimination was seen in urine samples from participants who reported high whole grain sourdough rye bread consumption. Accurate mass analysis of explanatory signals followed by fragmentation identified conjugates of the benzoxazinoid lactam 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3‐one and hydroxylated phenyl acetamide derivatives. Statistical validation showed sensitivities of 84–96% and specificities of 70–81% (p values < 0·05) for elevated concentrations of these signals after preferential whole grain sourdough rye bread consumption.ConclusionSeveral potentially bioactive alkaloids have been identified in humans consuming fermented whole grain sourdough rye bread.
Min–max control problems via occupational measures
Authors: Goreac Dan , Serea Oana‐Silvia 
Published: May 2013

SUMMARYWe propose a linearized formulation for min–max control problems with separated dynamics. First, we investigate the existence of the value function and saddle points for semicontinuous costs. Second, we obtain dual formulations and dynamic programming principles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Age independent first trimester screening for Down syndrome: improvement in test performance
Authors: Engels M. A. J. , Twisk J. W. R. , Blankenstein M. A. , van Vugt J. M. G. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare screening performance for Down syndrome of the absolute risk (AR) method to the first trimester combined test (FCT) at different maternal ages.MethodsThere was a retrospective analysis of 32,448 FCT. AR was defined as final risk divided by maternal age risk.ResultsThe likelihood of receiving a true prediction was comparable between both methods in all age groups. With the AR method, two extra Down syndrome cases were detected in women <30 years, three cases were missed in women ≥36 years, and the likelihood of receiving a false prediction decreased overall (OR 0.82, CI 0.77–0.87; P < 0.0001), in women aged 36–40 years (0.45, CI 0.41–0.51; P < 0.0001), in women aged 41–45 years (0.18, CI 0.13–0.26; P < 0.0001) and increased in women aged ≤25 years (2.12, CI 1.52–2.96; P < 0.004).ConclusionsThe AR method results in a significant decreased likelihood of receiving a false prediction with a comparable likelihood of receiving a true prediction. Thus, fewer invasive diagnostic tests will be performed. It will take away the misunderstanding about differences in screening performance for women of different ages. This might lead to a higher uptake of first trimester screening resulting in a more efficient screening policy. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perforated Bicontinuous Cubic Phases with pH‐Responsive Topological Channel Interconnectivity
Authors: Zabara Alexandru , Negrini Renata , Onaca‐Fischer Ozana , Mezzenga Raffaele 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLipidic lyotropic liquid crystals are at the frontline of current research for release of target therapeutic molecules due to their unique structural complexity and the possibility of engineering stimuli‐triggered release of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. One of the most suitable lipidic mesophases for the encapsulation and delivery of drugs is the reversed double diamond bicontinuous cubic phase, in which two distinct and parallel networks of ∼4 nm water channels percolate independently through the lipid bilayers, following a Pn3m space group symmetry. In the unperturbed Pn3m structure, the two sets of channels act as autonomous and non‐communicating 3D transport pathways. Here, a novel type of bicontinuous cubic phase is introduced, where the presence of OmpF membrane proteins at the bilayers provides unique topological interconnectivities among the two distinct sets of water channels, enabling molecular active gating among them. By a combination of small‐angle X‐ray scattering, release and ion conductivity experiments, it is shown that, without altering the Pn3m space group symmetry or the water channel diameter, the newly designed perforated bicontinuous cubic phase attains transport properties well beyond those of the standard mesophase, allowing faster, sustained release of bioactive target molecules. By further exploiting the pH‐mediated pore‐closing response mechanism of the double amino acid half‐ring architecture in the membrane protein, the pores of the perforated mesophase can be opened and closed with a pH trigger, enabling a fine modulation of the transport properties by only moderate changes in pH, which could open unexplored opportunities in the targeted delivery of bioactive compounds.
Staufen‐mediated mRNA decay
Authors: Park Eonyoung , Maquat Lynne E. 
Published: May 2013

Staufen1 (STAU1)‐mediated mRNA decay (SMD) is an mRNA degradation process in mammalian cells that is mediated by the binding of STAU1 to a STAU1‐binding site (SBS) within the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of target mRNAs. During SMD, STAU1, a double‐stranded (ds) RNA‐binding protein, recognizes dsRNA structures formed either by intramolecular base pairing of 3′‐UTR sequences or by intermolecular base pairing of 3′‐UTR sequences with a long‐noncoding RNA (lncRNA) via partially complementary Alu elements. Recently, STAU2, a paralog of STAU1, has also been reported to mediate SMD. Both STAU1 and STAU2 interact directly with the ATP‐dependent RNA helicase UPF1, a key SMD factor, enhancing its helicase activity to promote effective SMD. Moreover, STAU1 and STAU2 form homodimeric and heterodimeric interactions via domain‐swapping. Because both SMD and the mechanistically related nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay (NMD) employ UPF1; SMD and NMD are competitive pathways. Competition contributes to cellular differentiation processes, such as myogenesis and adipogenesis, placing SMD at the heart of various physiologically important mechanisms. WIREs RNA 2013, 4:423–435. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1168This article is categorized under:

RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
Mapping sage‐grouse fence‐collision risk: Spatially explicit models for targeting conservation implementation
Authors: Stevens Bryan S. , Naugle David E. , Dennis Brian , Connelly John W. , Griffiths Tim , Reese Kerry P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRecent research suggested greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter, sage‐grouse) fence collision may be widespread, and fence‐marking methods have been developed for reducing prairie‐grouse collision in sagebrush‐steppe habitats. However, research also suggested sage‐grouse collision was highly variable, and managers implementing mitigation desire targeting tools to prioritize mitigation efforts as a function of risk. We fit collision‐risk models using widely available covariates to a sage‐grouse fence‐collision data set from Idaho, USA, and developed spatially explicit versions of the top model for all known sage‐grouse breeding habitats (i.e., within 3 km of leks) in 10 of 11 western states where sage‐grouse are found. Our models prioritize breeding habitats for mitigation as a function of terrain ruggedness and distance to nearest lek, and suggest that a relatively small proportion of the total landscape (6–14%) in each state would result in >1 collision over a lekking season. Managers can use resulting models to prioritize fence‐marking by focusing efforts on high risk landscapes. Moreover, our models provide a spatially explicit tool to efficiently target conservation investments, and exemplify the way that researchers and managers can work together to turn scientific understanding into effective conservation solutions. © The Wildlife Society, 2013
Spillover benefits of wildlife management to support pheasant populations
Authors: Anderson Aaron , Gebhardt Karen , Cross Wylie T. , Shwiff Stephanie A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRing‐necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and other upland game populations in Wyoming, USA, have been declining due to changes in agricultural practices, urban development, and predation. Raccoons (Procyon lotor) have been implicated as one of the main predators of pheasant nests. Management of raccoons to support pheasant populations has the direct benefit of increasing pheasant populations and additional spillover benefits to corn producers in the region may occur. We conducted a field study in southeastern Wyoming from July to October 2009 to estimate the increase in corn yield associated with raccoon trapping. Although the primary purpose of the raccoon trapping was the support of upland game bird populations, the added benefit of increased revenue for corn producers is an important consideration. We tracked corn damage in 10 study plots over 6 weeks and estimated that trapping raccoons yields a revenue increase of US$10.75/ha. This type of spillover benefit is rarely considered when raccoon management decisions are made but is significant and should be included in any explicit or implicit benefit–cost analysis of the management action. © 2013 The Wildlife Society.