bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cooperative bargaining game‐theoretic methodology for 5G wireless heterogeneous networks
Authors: Yang Chungang , Li Jiandong , Anpalagan Alagan 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTCooperative game‐theoretic modelling, analysis and design are critical to mitigate interference and save energy for 5G wireless evolution. Nash axiomatic cooperative game has been widely used to model various cooperation‐motivated technical problems, notably in signal processing and communications. However, its most potentials have not been fully exploited, for example, different trade‐offs between efficiency and fairness, where efficiency is referred to as both spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). The trade‐offs can be determined by various cooperative solution concepts, for example, the favourable Nash bargaining solution and its rarely studied extensions. Therefore, we first overview the basics of the celebrated Nash bargaining solution and its extensions with geometric interpretations to help better understand them and facilitate distributed algorithm design. Then, both symmetric and asymmetric cooperative game‐theoretic frameworks are formulated with different trade‐offs incorporating an asymmetric unified β‐coefficient determined cooperative game model. As a use case, an α‐parameter‐related preference function is designed first incorporating both SE and EE. Then, the presented frameworks with the new preference function are studied in a typical heterogeneous network. In the following text, we characterise the effects of β‐coefficient to fairness and efficiency and α‐parameter to SE and EE. Finally, we conclude the article with the hope of stimulating more interest in cooperative bargaining game and its wider applications in the signalling and communication communities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
De Facto Index of Monetary Policy Domestic Activism and Inefficient Trilemma Configurations in Oecd Countries
Authors: Wu Thomas 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a measure of de facto monetary policy commitment towards domestic objectives—namely, price and output stability—based on how well Taylor rules fit interest rate data for Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) economies between 2002 and 2009. The resulting index reveals that although 17 of the 18 autonomous central banks analysed state price stability as their de jure primary objective, the observed de facto behaviour is quite different. Higher de facto monetary policy domestic activism seems to be correlated with lower real gross domestic product growth volatility and lower average consumer price index inflation from a cross‐sectional perspective and lower levels of financial stress from a time‐series perspective. Moreover, there is evidence that inefficient trilemma configurations—in which further improvements along more than one policy dimension should be simultaneously achievable—are more likely to be observed in less developed OECD economies with higher degrees of stress in their financial system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wear effects on microscopic morphology and hyaluronan uptake in siloxane‐hydrogel contact lenses
Authors: Tavazzi Silvia , Tonveronachi Martina , Fagnola Matteo , Cozza Federica , Ferraro Lorenzo , Borghesi Alessandro , Ascagni Miriam , Farris Stefano 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was a comparison between new and worn siloxane‐hydrogel contact lenses in terms of microscopic structure, surface morphology, and loading of hyaluronan. The analyses were performed by scanning electron microscopy, with the support of the freeze‐drying technique, and by fluorescence confocal microscopy. Along the depth profile of new lenses, a thin porous top layer was observed, which corresponds to the region of hyaluronan penetration inside well‐defined channels. The time evolution was followed from one day to two weeks of daily wear, when a completely different scenario was found. Clear experimental evidence of a buggy surface was observed with several crests and regions of swelling, which could be filled by the hyaluronan solution. The modifications are attributed to the progressive relaxation of the structure of the polymeric network. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1092–1098, 2015.
Understanding the tissue effects of tribo‐corrosion: Uptake, distribution, and speciation of cobalt and chromium in human bone cells
Authors: Shah Karan M. , Quinn Paul D. , Gartland Alison , Wilkinson J. Mark 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTCobalt and chromium species are released in the local tissues as a result of tribo‐corrosion, and affect bone cell survival and function. However we have little understanding of the mechanisms of cellular entry, intracellular distribution, and speciation of the metals that result in impaired bone health. Here we used synchrotron based X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and fluorescent‐probing approaches of candidate receptors P2X7R and divalent metal transporter‐1 (DMT‐1), to better understand the entry, intra‐cellular distribution and speciation of cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) in human osteoblasts and primary human osteoclasts. We found that both Co and Cr were most highly localized at nuclear and perinuclear sites in osteoblasts, suggesting uptake through cell membrane transporters, and supported by a finding that P2X7 receptor blockade reduced cellular entry of Co. In contrast, metal species were present at discrete sites corresponding to the basolateral membrane in osteoclasts, suggesting cell entry by endocytosis and trafficking through a functional secretory domain. An intracellular reduction of Cr6+ to Cr3+ was the only redox change observed in cells treated with Co2+, Cr3+, and Cr6+. Our data suggest that the cellular uptake and processing of Co and Cr differs between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 33:114–121, 2015.
Susceptibility‐based positive contrast MRI of brachytherapy seeds
Authors: Dong Ying , Chang Zheng , Xie Guoxi , Whitehead Gregory , Ji Jim X. 
Published: September 2014

PurposeTo provide visualization of the brachytherapy seeds and differentiation with natural structures in MRI by taking advantage of their high magnetic susceptibility to generate positive‐contrast images.MethodsThe method is based on mapping the susceptibility using an equivalent short‐TE sequence and a kernel deconvolution algorithm with a regularized L1 minimization. An appealing aspect of the method is that signals from the surrounding areas where signal to noise ratio (SNR) is sufficiently high are used to derive the susceptibility of the seeds, even though the SNR in the immediate vicinity of the seeds can be extremely low due to rapid signal decay.ResultsThe method is tested using computer simulations and experimental data. Comparing to conventional methods, the proposed method improves seed definition by a factor of >70% in the experiments. It produces the enhanced contrast at the exact seed location, whereas methods based on susceptibility gradient mapping produce highlighted regions surrounding the seeds. The proposed method is capable to perform the function for a wide range of resolutions and SNRs.ConclusionThe results show that the proposed method provides positive contrast for the seeds and correctly differentiates them from other structures that appear similar to the seeds on conventional magnitude images. Magn Reson Med 74:716–726, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure‐Based Evolution of Subtype‐Selective Neurotensin Receptor Ligands
Authors: Schaab Carolin , Kling Ralf Christian , Einsiedel Jürgen , Hübner Harald , Clark Tim , Seebach Dieter , Gmeiner Peter 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSubtype‐selective agonists of the neurotensin receptor NTS2 represent a promising option for the treatment of neuropathic pain, as NTS2 is involved in the mediation of μ‐opioid‐independent anti‐nociceptive effects. Based on the crystal structure of the subtype NTS1 and previous structure–activity relationships (SARs) indicating a potential role for the sub‐pocket around Tyr11 of NT(8–13) in subtype‐specific ligand recognition, we have developed new NTS2‐selective ligands. Starting from NT(8–13), we replaced the tyrosine unit by β2‐amino acids (type 1), by heterocyclic tyrosine bioisosteres (type 2) and peptoid analogues (type 3). We were able to evolve an asymmetric synthesis of a 5‐substituted azaindolylalanine and its application as a bioisostere of tyrosine capable of enhancing NTS2 selectivity. The S‐configured test compound 2 a, [(S)‐3‐(pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐5‐yl)‐propionyl11]NT(8–13), exhibits substantial NTS2 affinity (4.8 nm) and has a nearly 30‐fold NTS2 selectivity over NTS1. The (R)‐epimer 2 b showed lower NTS2 affinity but more than 600‐fold selectivity over NTS1.
Uracil‐DNA glycosylases—Structural and functional perspectives on an essential family of DNA repair enzymes
Authors: Schormann N. , Ricciardi R. , Chattopadhyay D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractUracil‐DNA glycosylases (UDGs) are evolutionarily conserved DNA repair enzymes that initiate the base excision repair pathway and remove uracil from DNA. The UDG superfamily is classified into six families based on their substrate specificity. This review focuses on the family I enzymes since these are the most extensively studied members of the superfamily. The structural basis for substrate specificity and base recognition as well as for DNA binding, nucleotide flipping and catalytic mechanism is discussed in detail. Other topics include the mechanism of lesion search and molecular mimicry through interaction with uracil‐DNA glycosylase inhibitors. The latest studies and findings detailing structure and function in the UDG superfamily are presented.
Predictive value of cervical length in women with twin pregnancy presenting with threatened preterm labor
Authors: Melamed N. , Hiersch L. , Gabbay‐Benziv R. , Bardin R. , Meizner I. , Wiznitzer A. , Yogev Y. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the accuracy and determine the optimal threshold of sonographic cervical length (CL) for the prediction of preterm delivery (PTD) in women with twin pregnancies presenting with threatened preterm labor (PTL).MethodsThis was a retrospective study of women with twin pregnancies who presented with threatened PTL and underwent sonographic measurement of CL in a tertiary center. The accuracy of CL in predicting PTD in women with twin pregnancies was compared with that in a control group of women with singleton pregnancies.ResultsOverall, 218 women with a twin pregnancy and 1077 women with a singleton pregnancy, who presented with PTL, were included in the study. The performance of CL as a predictive test for PTD was similar in twins and singletons, as reflected by the similar correlation between CL and the examination‐to‐delivery interval (r, 0.30 vs 0.29; P = 0.9), the similar association of CL with risk of PTD, and the similar areas under the receiver–operating characteristics curves for differing delivery outcomes (range, 0.653–0.724 vs 0.620–0.682, respectively; P = 0.3). The optimal threshold of CL for any given target sensitivity or specificity was lower in twin than in singleton pregnancies. However, in order to achieve a negative predictive value of 95%, a higher threshold (28–30 mm) should be used in twin pregnancies. Using this twin‐specific CL threshold, women with twins who present with PTL are more likely to have a positive CL test, and therefore to require subsequent interventions, than are women with singleton pregnancies with PTL (55% vs 4.2%, respectively).ConclusionIn women with PTL, the performance of CL as a test for the prediction of PTD is similar in twin and singleton pregnancies. However, the optimal threshold of CL for the prediction of PTD appears to be higher in twin pregnancies, mainly owing to the higher baseline risk for PTD in these pregnancies. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Is there a link between the crafting of tools and the evolution of cognition?
Authors: Taylor Alex H. , Gray Russell D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe ability to craft tools is one of the defining features of our species. The technical intelligence hypothesis predicts that tool‐making species should have enhanced physical cognition. Here we review how the physical problem‐solving performance of tool‐making apes and corvids compares to closely related species. We conclude that, while some performance differences have been found, overall the evidence is at best equivocal. We argue that increased sample sizes, novel experimental designs, and a signature‐testing approach are required to determine the effect tool crafting has on the evolution of intelligence. WIREs Cogn Sci 2014, 5:693–703. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1322This article is categorized under:

Cognitive Biology > Evolutionary Roots of Cognition
Psychology > Comparative Psychology
Sarcopenia and Frailty in Elderly Trauma Patients
Authors: Fairchild Berry , Webb Travis P. , Xiang Qun , Tarima Sergey , Brasel Karen J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia describes a loss of muscle mass and resultant decrease in strength, mobility, and function that can be quantified by CT. We hypothesized that sarcopenia and related frailty characteristics are related to discharge disposition after blunt traumatic injury in the elderly.MethodsWe reviewed charts of 252 elderly blunt trauma patients who underwent abdominal CT prior to hospital admission. Data for thirteen frailty characteristics were abstracted. Sarcopenia was measured by obtaining skeletal muscle cross‐sectional area (CSA) from each patient’s psoas major muscle using Slice‐O‐Matic® software. Dispositions were grouped as dependent and independent based on discharge location. χ2, Fisher’s exact, and logistic regression were used to determine factors associated with discharge dependence.ResultsMean age 76 years, 49 % male, median ISS 9.0 (IQR = 8.0–17.0). Discharge destination was independent in 61.5 %, dependent in 29 %, and 9.5 % of patients died. Each 1 cm2 increase in psoas muscle CSA was associated with a 20 % decrease in dependent living (p < 0.0001). Gender, weakness, hospital complication, and cognitive impairment were also associated with disposition; ISS was not (p = 0.4754).ConclusionsLower psoas major muscle CSA is related to discharge destination in elderly trauma patients and can be obtained from the admission CT. Lower psoas muscle CSA is related to loss of independence upon discharge in the elderly. The early availability of this variable during the hospitalization of elderly trauma patients may aid in discharge planning and the transition to dependent living.
Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Community‐Based Participatory Research to Enhance Mental Health Services
Authors: Case Andrew D. , Byrd Ronald , Claggett Eddrena , DeVeaux Sandra , Perkins Reno , Huang Cindy , Sernyak Michael J. , Steiner Jeanne L. , Cole Robert , LaPaglia Donna M. , Bailey Margaret , Buchanan Candace , Johnson Avon , Kaufman Joy S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractHistorically, consumers of mental health services have not been given meaningful roles in research and change efforts related to the services they use. This is quickly changing as scholars and a growing number of funding bodies now call for greater consumer involvement in mental health services research and improvement. Amidst these calls, community‐based participatory research (CBPR) has emerged as an approach which holds unique promise for capitalizing on consumer involvement in mental health services research and change. Yet, there have been few discussions of the value added by this approach above and beyond that of traditional means of inquiry and enhancement in adult mental health services. The purpose of this paper is to add to this discussion an understanding of potential multilevel and multifaceted benefits associated with consumer‐involved CBPR. This is accomplished through presenting the first‐person accounts of four stakeholder groups who were part of a consumer‐involved CBPR project purposed to improve the services of a local community mental health center. We present these accounts with the hope that by illustrating the unique outcomes associated with CBPR, there will be invigorated interest in CBPR as a vehicle for consumer involvement in adult mental health services research and enhancement.
Thyroid cancer: SEOM clinical guidelines
Authors: Trigo J. M. , Capdevila J. , Grande E. , Grau J. , Lianes P. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common type of endocrine malignancy and accounts for nearly 3 % of all malignancies. The incidence of TC in Spain was 5/100,000 in women and 1.9/100,000 in men in 2013. The diagnosis of TC usually follows the identification of a thyroid nodule on physical examination or as an incidental finding on diagnostic imaging performed for other reasons. In most of the cases, the prognosis is excellent but despite low mortality rates, local recurrence occurs in up to 20 %, and distant metastases can occur in approximately 10 % at 10 years. The better knowledge of molecular biology of TC has allowed to the development of new targeted agents directed to the main pathways involved in TC pathogenesis. Knowing all these new strategies will help us face the therapeutic management of TC more effectively.
From experiential psychology to consumer experience
Authors: Schmitt Bernd , Joško Brakus J. , Zarantonello Lia 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe comment on Gilovich and colleagues' program of research on happiness resulting from experiential versus material purchases, and critique these authors' interpretation that people derive more happiness from experiences than from material possessions. Unlike goods, experiences cannot be purchased, and possessions versus experiences do not seem to form the endpoints of the same continuum. As an alternative, we present a consumer‐experience model that views materialism and experientialism as two separate dimensions whose effects on consumer happiness, both in the form of pleasure and in the form of meaning, depend on the type of brand experiences evoked. Thus, a good life in a consumerist society means integrating material and experiential consumptions rather than shifting spending from material to experiential purchases.
The preference‐signaling effect of search
Authors: Ge Xin , Brigden Neil , Häubl Gerald 
Published: September 2014

AbstractConsumers often make choices in settings where some alternatives are known and additional alternatives can be unveiled through search. When making a choice from a set of alternatives, the manner in which each of these was discovered should be irrelevant from a normative standpoint. By contrast, we propose that consumers infer from their own decisions to search for additional alternatives that previously known alternatives are comparatively less attractive, and that this results in an increase in preference for an alternative precisely because it was initially out of sight (rather than known). Evidence from four experiments provides support for this theorizing, demonstrating that — paradoxically placing an alternative out of sight (while providing the consumer with the opportunity to unveil it) can render that alternative more likely to be chosen. Moreover, the findings indicate that this shift in preferences is driven specifically by a devaluation of alternatives that were known prior to the decision to search. Finally, the preference‐signaling effect of search is shown to be persistent in that it systematically influences a consumer's subsequent choices among new alternatives.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the left atrial appendage post pulmonary vein isolation: Implications for percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion
Authors: Singh Sheldon M. , Jimenez‐Juan Laura , Danon Asaf , Bastarrika Gorka , Shmatukha Andriy V. , Wright Graham A. , Crystal Eugene 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing interest in performing left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion at the time of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation procedures. However, to date there has been no description of the acute changes to the LAA immediately following pulmonary vein (PV) isolation and additional left atrium (LA) substrate modification. This study assessed changes in the size and tissue characteristics of the LAA ostium in patients undergoing PV isolation.MethodsThis series included 8 patients who underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance evaluation of the LA with delayed enhancement magnetic resonance imaging and contrast enhanced 3‐D magnetic resonance angiography pre‐, within 48 h of, and 3 months post ablation. Two independent cardiac radiologists evaluated the ostial LAA diameters and area at each time point in addition to the presence of gadolinium enhancement.ResultsCompared to pre‐ablation values, the respective median differences in oblique diameters and LAA area were +1.8 mm, +1.7 mm, and +0.6 cm2 immediately post ablation (all NS) and −2.7 mm, −2.3 mm, and −0.5 cm2 at 3 months (all NS). No delayed enhancement was detected in the LAA post ablation.ConclusionNo significant change to LAA diameter, area, or tissue characteristics was noted after PV isolation. While these findings suggest the safety and feasibility of concomitant PV isolation and LAA device occlusion, the variability in the degree and direction of change of the LAA measurements highlights the need for further study.
Benefits of exercise training and the correlation between aerobic capacity and functional outcomes and quality of life in elderly patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Chen Chia‐Hsin , Chen Yi‐Jen , Tu Hung‐Pin , Huang Mao‐Hsiung , Jhong Jing‐Hui , Lin Ko‐Long 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCardiopulmonary exercise training is beneficial to people with coronary artery disease (CAD). Nevertheless, the correlation between aerobic capacity, and functional mobility and quality of life in elderly CAD patients is less addressed. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the beneficial effects of exercise training in elderly people with CAD, integrating exercise stress testing, functional mobility, handgrip strength, and health‐related quality of life. Elderly people with CAD were enrolled from the outpatient clinic of a cardiac rehabilitation unit in a medical center. Participants were assigned to the exercise training group (N = 21) or the usual care group (N = 15). A total of 36 sessions of exercise training, completed in 12 weeks, was prescribed. Echocardiography, exercise stress testing, the 6‐minute walking test, Timed Up and Go test, and handgrip strength testing were performed, and the Short‐Form 36 questionnaire (SF‐36) was administered at baseline and at 12‐week follow‐up. Peak oxygen consumption improved significantly after training. The heart rate recovery improved from 13.90/minute to 16.62/minute after exercise training. Functional mobility and handgrip strength also improved after training. Significant improvements were found in SF‐36 physical function, social function, role limitation due to emotional problems, and mental health domains. A significant correlation between dynamic cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters, the 6‐minute walking test, Timed Up and Go test, handgrip strength, and SF‐36 physical function and general health domains was also detected. Twelve‐week, 36‐session exercise training, including moderate‐intensity cardiopulmonary exercise training, strengthening exercise, and balance training, is beneficial to elderly patients with CAD, and cardiopulmonary exercise testing parameters correlate well with balance and quality of life.