bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Placental Growth Factor in Women With Suspected Preeclampsia
Authors: Chappell Lucy C. , Duckworth Suzy , Seed Paul T. , Griffin Melanie , Myers Jenny , Mackillop Lucy , Simpson Nigel , Waugh Jason , Anumba Dilly , Kenny Louise C. , Redman Christopher W.G. , Shennan Andrew H. 
Published: November 2013

Background—
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a major contributor to death and disability for pregnant women and their infants. The diagnosis of preeclampsia by using blood pressure and proteinuria is of limited use because they are tertiary, downstream features of the disease. Placental growth factor (PlGF) is an angiogenic factor, a secondary marker of associated placental dysfunction in preeclampsia, with known low plasma concentrations in the disease.

Methods and Results—

In a prospective multicenter study, we studied the diagnostic accuracy of low plasma PlGF concentration (<5th centile for gestation, Alere Triage assay) in women presenting with suspected preeclampsia between 20 and 35 weeks’ gestation (and up to 41 weeks’ gestation as a secondary analysis). The outcome was delivery for confirmed preeclampsia within 14 days. Of 625 women, 346 (55%) developed confirmed preeclampsia. In 287 women enrolled before 35 weeks’ gestation, PlGF <5th centile had high sensitivity (0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.89–0.99) and negative predictive value (0.98; 0.93–0.995) for preeclampsia within 14 days; specificity was lower (0.55; 0.48–0.61). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for low PlGF (0.87, standard error 0.03) for predicting preeclampsia within 14 days was greater than all other commonly used tests, singly or in combination (range, 0.58–0.76), in women presenting with suspected preeclampsia (
P
<0.001 for all comparisons).

Conclusions—
In women presenting before 35 weeks’ gestation with suspected preeclampsia, low PlGF has high sensitivity and negative predictive value for preeclampsia within 14 days, is better than other currently used tests, and presents an innovative adjunct to management of such women.
Modeling the Effects of Groundwater-Fed Irrigation on Terrestrial Hydrology over the Conterminous United States
Authors: Leng Guoyong , Huang Maoyi , Tang Qiuhong , Gao Huilin , Leung L. Ruby 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Human alteration of the land surface hydrologic cycle is substantial. Recent studies suggest that local water management practices including groundwater pumping and irrigation could significantly alter the quantity and distribution of water in the terrestrial system, with potential impacts on weather and climate through land–atmosphere feedbacks. In this study, the authors incorporated a groundwater withdrawal scheme into the Community Land Model, version 4 (CLM4). To simulate the impact of irrigation realistically, they calibrated the CLM4 simulated irrigation amount against observations from agriculture censuses at the county scale over the conterminous United States. The water used for irrigation was then removed from the surface runoff and groundwater aquifer according to a ratio determined from the county-level agricultural census data. On the basis of the simulations, the impact of groundwater withdrawals for irrigation on land surface and subsurface fluxes were investigated. The results suggest that the impacts of irrigation on latent heat flux and potential recharge when water is withdrawn from surface water alone or from both surface and groundwater are comparable and local to the irrigation areas. However, when water is withdrawn from groundwater for irrigation, greater effects on the subsurface water balance are found, leading to significant depletion of groundwater storage in regions with low recharge rate and high groundwater exploitation rate. The results underscore the importance of local hydrologic feedbacks in governing hydrologic response to anthropogenic change in CLM4 and the need to more realistically simulate the two-way interactions among surface water, groundwater, and atmosphere to better understand the impacts of groundwater pumping on irrigation efficiency and climate.
Diurnal Shear Instability, the Descent of the Surface Shear Layer, and the Deep Cycle of Equatorial Turbulence
Authors: Smyth W. D. , Moum J. N. , Li L. , Thorpe S. A. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
A new theory of shear instability in a turbulent environment is applied to eight days of velocity and density profiles from the upper-equatorial Pacific. This period featured a regular diurnal cycle of surface forcing, together with a clear response in upper-ocean mixing. During the day, a layer of stable stratification and shear forms at the surface. During late afternoon and evening, this stratified shear layer descends, leaving the nocturnal mixing layer above it. Using high-resolution current measurements, the detailed structure of the descending shear layer is seen for the first time. Linear stability analysis is conducted using a new method that accounts for the effects of preexisting turbulence on instability growth. Shear instability follows a diurnal cycle linked to the afternoon descent of the surface shear layer. This cycle is revealed only when the effect of turbulence is accounted for in the stability analysis. The cycle of instability leads the diurnal mixing cycle, typically by 2–3 h, consistent with the time needed for instabilities to grow and break. Late at night, the resulting turbulence suppresses further instabilities, lending an asymmetry to the mixing cycle that has not been noticed in previous measurements. Deep cycle mixing is triggered by instabilities formed as the descending shear layer merges with the marginally unstable shear of the Equatorial Undercurrent. In the morning, turbulence decays and the upper ocean restratifies. Wind accelerates the near-surface flow to form a new unstable shear layer, and the cycle begins again.
Performance of Ocean Simulations in the Coupled HWRF–HYCOM Model
Authors: Kim Hyun-Sook , Lozano Carlos , Tallapragada Vijay , Iredell Dan , Sheinin Dmitry , Tolman Hendrik L. , Gerald Vera M. , Sims Jamese 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This paper introduces a next-generation operational Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting (HWRF) system that was developed at the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The new system, HWRF–Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM), retains the same atmospheric component of operational HWRF, but it replaces the feature-model-based Princeton Ocean Model (POM) with the eddy-resolving HYCOM. The primary motivation is to improve enthalpy fluxes in the air–sea interface, by providing the best possible estimates of the balanced oceanic states using data assimilated Real-Time Ocean Forecast System products as oceanic initial conditions (IC) and boundary conditions.
A proof-of-concept exercise of HWRF–HYCOM is conducted by validating ocean simulations, followed by the verification of hurricane forecasts. The ocean validation employs airborne expendable bathythermograph sampled during Hurricane Gustav (2008). Storm-driven sea surface temperature changes agree within 0.1° and 0.5°C of the mean and root-mean-square difference, respectively. In-storm deepening mixed layer and shoaling 26°C isotherm depth are similar to observations, but they are overpredicted at similar magnitudes of their ICs. The forecast verification for 10 Atlantic hurricanes in 2008 and 2009 shows that HWRF–HYCOM improves intensity by 13.8% and reduces positive bias by 43.9% over HWRF–POM. The HWRF–HYCOM track forecast is indifferent, except for days 4 and 5, when it shows better skill (8%) than HWRF–POM. While this study proves the concept and results in a better skillful hurricane forecast, one well-defined conclusion is to improve the estimates of IC, particularly the oceanic upper layer.
Biosynthesis and release of pheromonal bile salts in mature male sea lamprey
Authors: Brant Cory O , Chung-Davidson Yu-Wen , Li Ke , Scott Anne M , Li Weiming 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
In vertebrates, bile salts are primarily synthesized in the liver and secreted into the intestine where they aid in absorption of dietary fats. Small amounts of bile salts that are not reabsorbed into enterohepatic circulation are excreted with waste. In sexually mature male sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.) a bile salt is released in large amounts across gill epithelia into water where it functions as a pheromone. We postulate that the release of this pheromone is associated with a dramatic increase in its biosynthesis and transport to the gills upon sexual maturation.

Results
We show an 8000-fold increase in transcription of cyp7a1, a three-fold increase in transcription of cyp27a1, and a six-fold increase in transcription of cyp8b1 in the liver of mature male sea lamprey over immature male adults. LC–MS/MS data on tissue-specific distribution and release rates of bile salts from mature males show a high concentration of petromyzonol sulfate (PZS) in the liver and gills of mature males. 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS, known as a male sex pheromone) is the primary compound released from gills, suggesting a conversion of PZS to 3kPZS in the gill epithelium. The PZS to 3kPZS conversion is supported by greater expression of hsd3b7 in gill epithelium. High expression of sult2b1 and sult2a1 in gill epithelia of mature males, and tissue-specific expression of bile salt transporters such as bsep, slc10a1, and slc10a2, suggest additional sulfation and transport of bile salts that are dependent upon maturation state.

Conclusions
This report presents a rare example where specific genes associated with biosynthesis and release of a sexual pheromone are dramatically upregulated upon sexual maturation in a vertebrate. We provide a well characterized example of a complex mechanism of bile salt biosynthesis and excretion that has likely evolved for an additional function of bile salts as a mating pheromone.
Morphological, cytological and metabolic consequences of autopolyploidization in Hylocereus (Cactaceae) species
Authors: Cohen Hagai , Fait Aaron , Tel-Zur Noemi 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Genome doubling may have multi-level effects on the morphology, viability and physiology of polyploids compared to diploids. We studied the changes associated with autopolyploidization in two systems of somatic newly induced polyploids, diploid-autotetraploid and triploid-autohexaploid, belonging to the genus Hylocereus (Cactaceae). Stomata, fruits, seeds, embryos, and pollen were studied. Fruit pulp and seeds were subjected to metabolite profiling using established gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) Q-TOF-MS/MS (time of flight)-protocols.

Results
Autopolyploid lines produced lower numbers of tetrads, larger pollen grains with lower viability, larger stomata with lower density, and smaller fruits with lower seed numbers and decreased seed viability. The abundance of sugars was lower in the fruits and seeds of the two duplicated lines than in their donor lines, accompanied by increased contents of amino acids, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, organic acids and flavonoids. Betacyanins, the major fruit pigments in diploid and triploid donors, decreased following genome doubling. Both autopolyploid Hylocereus lines thus exhibited unfavorable changes, with the outcome being more dramatic in the autohexaploid than in the autotetraploid line.

Conclusion
Induced autotetraploid and autohexaploid lines exhibited morphological and cytological characteristics that differed from those of their donor plants and that were accompanied by significant metabolic alterations. It is suggested that a developmental arrest occurs in the fruits of the autohexaploid line, since their pericarp shows a greater abundance of acids and of reduced sugars. We conclude that genome doubling does not necessarily confer a fitness advantage and that the extent of alterations induced by autopolyploidization depends on the genetic background of the donor genotype.
Triggering of suicidal erythrocyte death by uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed Siyabeldin E , Abed Majed , Voelkl Jakob , Lang Florian 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Anemia in end stage renal disease is attributed to impaired erythrocyte formation due to erythropoietin and iron deficiency. On the other hand, end stage renal disease enhances eryptosis, the suicidal erythrocyte death characterized by cell shrinkage and phosphatidylserine-exposure at the erythrocyte surface. Eryptosis may be triggered by increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i) and by ceramide, which sensitizes erythrocytes to [Ca2+]i. Mechanisms triggering eryptosis in endstage renal disease remained enigmatic. The present study explored the effect of indoxyl sulfate, an uremic toxin accumulated in blood of patients with chronic kidney disease.

Methods
Cell volume was estimated from forward scatter, phosphatidylserine-exposure from annexin V binding, ceramide abundance by specific antibodies, hemolysis from hemoglobin release, and [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence.

Results
A 48 hours exposure to indoxyl sulfate significantly increased [Ca2+]i (≥ 300 μM), significantly decreased forward scatter (≥ 300 μM) and significantly increased annexin-V-binding (≥ 50 μM). Indoxyl sulfate (150 μM) induced annexin-V-binding was virtually abolished in the nominal absence of extracellular Ca2+. Indoxyl sulfate (150 μM) further enhanced ceramide abundance.

Conclusion
Indoxyl sulfate stimulates suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, an effect in large part due to stimulation of extracellular Ca2+entry with subsequent stimulation of cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling.
Placental growth factor, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products, extracellular newly identified receptor for receptor for advanced glycation end products binding protein and high mobility group box 1 levels in patients with acute kidney injury: a cross sectional study
Authors: Zakiyanov Oskar , Kriha Vitezslav , Vachek Jan , Zima Tomas , Tesar Vladimir , Kalousova Marta 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundPlacental growth factor (PlGF), pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), extracellular newly identified receptor for RAGE binding protein (EN-RAGE) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) are novel biomarkers in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, their clinical significance in acute kidney injury (AKI) is unknown. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether selected biomarkers are changed in AKI patients.MethodsSerum PlGF, PAPP-A, sRAGE, EN-RAGE and HMGB-1 levels were assessed in 40 patients with AKI, 42 CKD 5 patients, 31 haemodialysis patients (HD) and 39 age-matched healthy controls.ResultsPAPP-A was elevated in AKI (20.6 ± 16.9 mIU/L) compared with controls (9.1 ± 2.3 mIU/L, p < 0.001). PlGF was not increased in AKI (11.7 ± 7.4 pg/mL) versus controls (8.5 ± 2.4 pg/mL, n.s.), as well as sRAGE was not elevated in AKI (2400 ± 1400 pg/mL) compared with controls (1760 ± 730 pg/mL, n.s), but was lower compared with CKD 5 (3200 ± 1500 pg/mL, p < 0.05); EN-RAGE was elevated in AKI 480 ± 450 ng/mL in comparison with controls (60 ± 62 ng/mL), CKD 5 (190 ± 120 ng/mL), and HD (120 ± 100 ng/mL), all p < 0.001. Similarly, HMGB-1 was increased in AKI (5.8 ± 7.5 ng/mL) versus controls (1.7 ± 1.4 ng/mL), CKD 5 (3.2 ± 3.1 ng/mL) and HD (2.5 ±2.1 ng/mL), all p < 0.001.In AKI group, in multivariate regression analysis: PAPP–A levels were associated with transferrin (p <0.001), negatively with albumin (p < 0.01) and prealbumin (p < 0.05); PlGF levels were associated with C - reactive protein (p < 0.001). EN-RAGE levels were associated with ferritin (p < 0.01) and orosomucoid (p = 0.02), and HMGB-1 levels with leukocyte count (p < 0.01) and negatively with proteinuria (p = 0.02).ConclusionsIn AKI patients, PAPP-A, EN-RAGE and HMGB1 are elevated, but sRAGE and PlGF are not increased. Whereas PAPP-A correlates with markers of nutrition; PlGF, EN-RAGE and HMGB-1 are related to inflammatory parameters.
Socioeconomic status, financial hardship and measured obesity in older adults: a cross-sectional study of the EPIC-Norfolk cohort
Authors: Conklin Annalijn I , Forouhi Nita G , Suhrcke Marc , Surtees Paul , Wareham Nicholas J , Monsivais Pablo 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Socioeconomic status is strongly associated with obesity. Current economic circumstances are also independently associated with self-reported weight status in Finnish civil servants. We aimed to examine three types of financial hardship in relation to measured general and central obesity in a general population of older adults, while considering conventional socioeconomic indicators.

Methods
Data from 10,137 participants (≥50 years) in the EPIC-Norfolk cohort who responded to a postal Health and Life Experiences Questionnaire (1996–2000) and attended a clinical assessment (1998–2002). Multivariable logistic regression models assessed likelihood of general obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and central obesity (women: ≥88 cm; men: ≥102 cm) calculated from measured anthropometrics.

Results
Obesity prevalence was consistently patterned by standard socioeconomic indicators, with over-50s in the lowest social class being twice as likely to be obese than those in the highest class (women OR 2.10 [CI95: 1.41—3.13]; men OR 2.36 [1.44—3.87]). After adjustment for socioeconomic status, reporting having less than enough money for one’s needs (compared to more than enough) was associated with obesity in women (OR 2.04 [1.54—2.69]) and men (OR 1.83 [1.34—2.49]). Similar associations were demonstrated between obesity and always or often not having enough money for food/clothing (women OR 1.40 [1.03—1.90]; men OR 1.81 [1.28—2.56]), compared to reporting this never occurred. The strongest independent associations were seen for obesity and reported greatest level of difficulty paying bills (women OR 2.20 [1.37—3.55]; men 2.40 [1.38—4.17]), compared to having no difficulties. Findings for central obesity were slightly higher in women and lower in men.

Conclusions
Obesity in British over-50s was more likely in study participants who reported greater financial hardship, even after education, social class and home ownership were taken into account. Public health policies need to consider the hitherto neglected role of financial hardship in older people, especially difficulty paying bills, as part of strategies to prevent or reduce obesity.
Heme iron intake and risk of new-onset diabetes in a Mediterranean population at high risk of cardiovascular disease: an observational cohort analysis
Authors: Fernandez-Cao Jose Candido , Arija Victoria , Aranda Nuria , Bullo Monica , Basora Josep , Martínez-González Miguel Angel , Díez-Espino Javier , Salas-Salvadó Jordi 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Several epidemiological studies have observed an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among subjects with a higher consumption of red and processed meat. Heme iron intake has been directly associated with a higher risk of T2DM in healthy adult Chinese and U.S populations. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between heme iron intake and the incidence of T2DM in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.

Methods
We assessed a subset of participants in the PREDIMED trial as an observational cohort, followed up for a maximum of eight years. We initially included 1073 non-diabetic subjects (57.1% women) aged 67.3 ± 6.0 years, at high cardiovascular risk. Diet was assessed at the study baseline using a validated, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire.

Results
During the follow-up period 131 diabetics were newly diagnosed. The risk of developing T2DM was assessed using baseline heme iron intake and proportional hazard models, first unadjusted, then adjusted for energy, and finally adjusted for dietary, anthropometric, socio-demographic and lifestyle variables. Significant direct associations with the incidence of T2DM were found for heme iron (Hazard Ratio [HR] 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.66). Secondarily, we have also observed that coffee (HR:0.93, 95% CI, 0.89 to 0.98) and alcoholic beverages (HR: 1.02, 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.04) were also found to reduce and increase the risk of T2DM, respectively.

Conclusion
High dietary intake of heme iron was associated with an increased risk of developing T2DM in a Mediterranean population at high cardiovascular risk.

Trial registration
Identifier: ISRCTN35739639.
Total nasal resistance among Sasang constitutional types: a population-based study in Korea
Authors: Yoon Dae Wui , Lee Seung Ku , Yi Hyeryeon , Hong Jeong Hwa , Soichiro Miyazaki , Lee Si Woo , Kim Jong Yeol , Shin Chol 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
There have been many attempts to find an objective phenotype by Sasang constitutional types (SCTs) on an anatomical, physiological, and psychological basis, but there has been no research on total nasal resistance (TNR) among SCTs.

Methods
We assessed the value of the TNR in the SCTs classified by an integrated diagnostic model. Included in the study were 1,346 individuals (701 males, 645 females) who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). The TNR was measured by active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR) at transnasal pressures of 100 and 150 Pascal (Pa).

Results
The average TNR was 0.186 ± 0.004 Pa/cm3/second at 100 Pa in the Tae-eum (TE), 0.193 ± 0.007 in the So-eum (SE), and 0.208 ± 0.005 in the So-yang (SY) types. Under condition of 150 Pa the TE type had a TNR value of 0.217 ± 0.004, the SE type was 0.230 ± 0.008, and the SY type was 0.243 ± 0.005. Higher values of TNR were more likely to be reported in the SY type at 100 Pa and 150 Pa. In the stratified analysis by sex, the SY type in males and females tended to have higher TNR value than the TE and SE types at transnasal pressure of both 100 Pa and 150 Pa.

Conclusions
These results provide new approaches to understand the functional characteristics among the SCTs in terms of nasal physiology. Further studies are required to clarify contributing factors for such a difference.