bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forced Labor, Resistance, and Masculinities in Kayes, French Sudan, 1919–1946
Authors: Rodet Marie 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this article I analyze how African gender categories have interacted with those produced and imposed by French colonization and how these forced interactions may have given rise to specific kinds of resistance from local populations. Using the case study of forced recruitment for the private agricultural firmSociété Anonyme des Cultures de Diakandapé(SACD) in the region of Kayes in Mali from 1919 to 1946, I examine the complexities of resistance to forced labor from a gender perspective, with a special focus on how resistance was shaped by struggles around (re)construction and (re)definition of local and colonial masculinities.
Architectures of temporal affirmation
Authors: Teal Randall 
Published: November 2014

‘How can an entity with no discernible beginning or end be a place?”Fumihiko MakiArchitecture has long provided concrete expression for ideals such as home, nation, justice, democracy and spirituality. In so doing, it has helped to place them within society. The placing of these ideals has been an important aspect of both ancient and modern cultures, helping to focus, gather and structure many aspects of daily life, to mesh practices and customs with the assets of particular locales, and provide grounding for human existence.
Survival of Spores ofTrichoderma longibrachiatumin Space: data from the Space Experiment SPORES on EXPOSE-R
Authors: Neuberger Katja , Lux-Endrich Astrid , Panitz Corinna , Horneck Gerda 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn the space experiment ‘Spores in artificial meteorites’ (SPORES), spores of the fungusTrichoderma longibrachiatumwere exposed to low-Earth orbit for nearly 2 years on board the EXPOSE-R facility outside of the International Space Station. The environmental conditions tested in space were: space vacuum at 10−7–10−4 Pa or argon atmosphere at 105 Pa as inert gas atmosphere, solar extraterrestrial ultraviolet (UV) radiation at λ > 110 nm or λ > 200 nm with fluences up to 5.8 × 108 J m−2, cosmic radiation of a total dose range from 225 to 320 mGy, and temperature fluctuations from −25 to +50°C, applied isolated or in combination. Comparable control experiments were performed on ground. After retrieval, viability of spores was analysed by two methods: (i) ethidium bromide staining and (ii) test of germination capability. About 30% of the spores in vacuum survived the space travel, if shielded against insolation. However, in most cases no significant decrease was observed for spores exposed in addition to the full spectrum of solar UV irradiation. As the spores were exposed in clusters, the outer layers of spores may have shielded the inner part. The results give some information about the likelihood of lithopanspermia, the natural transfer of micro-organisms between planets. In addition to the parameters of outer space, sojourn time in space seems to be one of the limiting parameters.
Use of the Meganuclease I-SceI of Saccharomycescerevisiae to select for gene deletions in actinomycetes
Authors: Fernández-Martínez Lorena T. , Bibb Mervyn J. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe search for new natural products is leading to the isolation of novel actinomycete species, many of which will ultimately require genetic analysis. Some of these isolates will likely exhibit low intrinsic frequencies of homologous recombination and fail to sporulate under laboratory conditions, exacerbating the construction of targeted gene deletions and replacements in genetically uncharacterised strains. To facilitate the genetic manipulation of such species, we have developed an efficient method to generate gene or gene cluster deletions in actinomycetes by homologous recombination that does not introduce any other changes to the targeted organism's genome. We have synthesised a codon optimised I-SceI gene for expression in actinomycetes that results in the production of the yeast I-SceI homing endonuclease which produces double strand breaks at a unique introduced 18 base pair recognition sequence. Only those genomes that undergo homologous recombination survive, providing a powerful selection for recombinants, approximately half of which possess the desired mutant genotype. To demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of the system, we deleted part of the gene cluster for the red-pigmented undecylprodiginine complex of compounds in Streptomycescoelicolor M1141. We believe that the system we have developed will be broadly applicable across a wide range of actinomycetes.
Proteome Analysis of Cytoplasmatic and Plastidic β-Carotene Lipid Droplets in Dunaliella bardawil
Authors: Davidi Lital , Levin Yishai , Ben-Dor Shifra , Pick Uri 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The halotolerant green alga Dunaliella bardawil is unique in that it accumulates under stress two types of lipid droplets: cytoplasmatic lipid droplets (CLD) and β-carotene-rich (βC) plastoglobuli. Recently, we isolated and analyzed the lipid and pigment compositions of these lipid droplets. Here, we describe their proteome analysis. A contamination filter and an enrichment filter were utilized to define core proteins. A proteome database of Dunaliella salina/D. bardawil was constructed to aid the identification of lipid droplet proteins. A total of 124 and 42 core proteins were identified in βC-plastoglobuli and CLD, respectively, with only eight common proteins. Dunaliella spp. CLD resemble cytoplasmic droplets from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and contain major lipid droplet-associated protein and enzymes involved in lipid and sterol metabolism. The βC-plastoglobuli proteome resembles the C. reinhardtii eyespot and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plastoglobule proteomes and contains carotene-globule-associated protein, plastid-lipid-associated protein-fibrillins, SOUL heme-binding proteins, phytyl ester synthases, β-carotene biosynthesis enzymes, and proteins involved in membrane remodeling/lipid droplet biogenesis: VESICLE-INDUCING PLASTID PROTEIN1, synaptotagmin, and the eyespot assembly proteins EYE3 and SOUL3. Based on these and previous results, we propose models for the biogenesis of βC-plastoglobuli and the biosynthesis of β-carotene within βC-plastoglobuli and hypothesize that βC-plastoglobuli evolved from eyespot lipid droplets.
The role of governance in economic development
Authors: Azam Muhammad , Emirullah Chandra 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of corruption as an important element of weak governance, with control variables such as inflation rate, openness to trade and dependency ratio on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita income of nine selected countries in Asia and the Pacific.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study is based on an annual panel data covering the period from 1985 to 2012, and a simple multiple regression for empirical investigation is used. Both fixed effects and random effects models were used as analytical techniques.

Findings
– The study reveals that both corruption and inflation rate are negatively related to GDP per capita and are statistically significant. As to the impacts of the control variables i.e., dependency ratio is found to be negative and openness to trade to be statistically significant which shows a positive impact on GDP per capita.

Practical implications
– The results resoundingly confirmed the importance of good governance, therefore, reducing endemic corruption and controlling inflation needs to be among the foremost factors for consideration for policymakers in adopting and implementing macroeconomic and public policies. In order to be most effective in tackling corruption, it is important to get to the root of the problem. In light of the study findings, it is suggested that corruption need to be put under control and economies be made more open to attain more benefits and accelerate economic growth and development.

Originality/value
– Explicitly, this study provides some valuable evidence on the linkage between endemic corruption and economic growth in some Asia and the Pacific countries in particular and on developing world in general. Presumably, this is the first inclusive investigation on the subject under the study in the context of Asia and the Pacific countries and will emphatically contribute to the literature as well.
Chinese state-owned enterprises go global
Authors: Alon Ilan , Wang Hua , Shen Jun , Zhang Wenxian 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The aim of this research is to examine the Chinese outward direct investment (ODI) from the perspectives of the Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs), focusing on their perceptions and important factors in the decision-making process. More specifically, it aims to understand where and why Chinese SOEs are investing. Increasingly integrated into the global economy, China has already become one of the largest investment economies in the world.

Design/methodology/approach
– Conducted by the China Center at Rollins College in collaboration with the Kedge Business School and the China Executive Leadership Academy at Pudong, survey data are collected from 63 Chinese SOEs that reflect the structure of Chinese industry and the membership of the China Council for the Promotion of International trade.

Findings
– Chinese SOEs have aligned their business expansion plans with the national priority, and played a dominant role in the current internationalization drive. They will likely increase their overseas investment substantially in both short and medium terms; their key business efforts include resource extraction, trading, services and manufacturing. Whereas Chinese ODIs tend to focus on the emerging economies in Asia, Africa and Latin America, more investments begin to take place in various developed countries, and many Chinese SOEs plan to increase their ODI in the USA, regarded as the most important market for overseas investment.

Originality/value
– This research contributes to a better understanding on the growing ODIs by the Chinese SOEs since the launch of the “going global” policy.
The impact of salesperson-brand personality congruence on salesperson brand identification, motivation and performance outcomes
Authors: S. Gammoh Bashar , L. Mallin Michael , Bolman Pullins Ellen 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– This paper focuses on the role of personality congruence, between salespeople’s own personality and the personality of the brand they represent, in driving salesperson identification with the brand and its subsequent effects on important sales force outcomes, including intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, task self-efficacy and both behavioral and outcome performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– Data was collected via an online survey from a cross-sectional sample of salespeople. In all, 246 completed the survey. SmartPLS was used to estimate the measurement model and test the hypothesized path relationships using a (partial least squares) structural model.

Findings
– Results indicated support for all proposed hypotheses in our model. In conclusion, we demonstrate, that the congruency of the salesperson personality with his or her perceived brand personality has a significant impact on the brand identification by the salesperson. This identification has important sales force outcomes, including affecting intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, task self-efficacy and both behavioral and outcome performance. This supports the notion of social identity theory as an important theoretical framework for understanding how the salesperson relates to and delivers the brand message.

Originality/value
– Previous research has investigated the drivers and implications of customers’ identification with brands and employees’ identification with their organizations. However, less research attention has focused on salesperson identification with the brand. Given the uniqueness of the boundary-spanning role and the importance of the salesperson to the marketing communication of the brand image, investigation of the drivers of salesperson brand identification becomes particularly important.
Market and brand-oriented schools of positioning
Authors: Urde Mats , Koch Christian 
Published: November 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to revise the concept of positioning to differentiate between fundamental approaches to it and chart a scheme of schools of positioning.

Design/methodology/approach
– An extensive literature review traces the roots and evolution of the concept. Two approaches to positioning are explored and related to the paradigms of market and brand orientation. Based on current theory and practice, different schools of positioning are identified and categorized along a market- and brand-orientation spectrum. Metaphors differentiate schools of positioning, illustrated by case examples.

Findings
– Positioning is a key concept in marketing, branding and strategy. However, its theoretical and practical usefulness is in peril due to its many meanings, applications and overall vagueness. There is a need for a theoretical overview of positioning, which the literature currently lacks. Two approaches to define a brand’s position are identified and introduced: market- and brand-oriented positioning. Five principal schools of positioning show how these are different and why differentiating between them matters. The choice of school implies the market- and/or brand-oriented approach to positioning.

Research limitations/implications
– Further empirical case-based research might investigate when, what and how different positioning schools are applied in practice. The brief cases in this paper indicate a dynamic over time regarding the applications of the brand- and market-oriented school of positioning. An in-depth theoretical and practical investigation of the dynamics of positions would be of value for the research field.

Practical implications
– The distinction among different schools of thought helps bridge the gap between the theory and practice of positioning. A specific positioning objective can guide management in the selection of a particular school of positioning, which enables management to make more insightful conscious choices regarding its opportunities, limitations and consequences.

Social implications
– Position and positioning is of relevance in society in broad terms, e.g. in sports, politics and culture. Positioning strategy is discussed and implemented in different industries (business-to-business and consumer), for all kinds of brands (including, for instance, corporate brands) and for “brands” in the very widest sense (such as places or people).

Originality/value
– This paper relates positioning to the fundamental discussion of brand and market orientation. It integrates positioning research and provides a structured overview of the concept.
Priming of the decomposition of ageing soil organic matter: concentration dependence and microbial control
Authors: Rousk Johannes , Hill Paul W. , Jones Davey L. 
Published: November 2014

Summary

The amount of carbon (C) stored in soil is an important regulator for the global climate and soil fertility and is the balance between formation and decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). Decomposition of SOM can be powerfully affected by labile carbon (C) supplements in, for example, the rhizosphere. A stimulation of SOM mineralisation induced by labile C additions is termed ‘priming’, and the mechanisms for this phenomenon remain elusive.

The most widely held explanation assigns priming to successional dynamics in r‐ and K‐selected groups within the microbial community; groups which have also been connected with fungal (K‐selected) and bacterial (r‐selected) decomposers. New evidence has also suggested that recently formed SOM is particularly sensitive to priming. We investigated (i) the labile C concentration dependence of SOM mineralisation, (ii) the susceptibility of differently aged SOM to priming and (iii) if priming is due to bacterial or fungal growth dynamics.

To create an age gradient of traceable SOM, we spiked a pasture soil using 14C glucose, and subsampled plots 1 day, 2 months, 5 months and 13 months after application (i.e. SOM aged 1 day – 13 months). Glucose (0–4000 μg C g−1) was added in subsequent laboratory experiments, and respiration, SOM mineralisation (14CO2 evolution), bacterial growth rates (leucine incorporation) and fungal biomass (ergosterol) were tracked during ca. 1 week.

Mineralisation of SOM aged 2–13 months showed similar labile C concentration dependencies, and priming increased mineralisation of SOM systematically by up to 350%. The glucose treatments induced variable microbial growth responses for differently aged SOM, which were unrelated to the priming effect.

That successional dynamics in microbial r‐ and K‐selected groups, or bacterial and fungal decomposers, respectively, underpinned priming was incompatible with the results obtained. An alternative explanation could be that SOM transformation by extracellular enzymes, for subsequent respiration, could be triggered by labile C. In conclusion, labile C primed the mineralisation of 2–13 months aged SOM, and the mechanism for this priming was unrelated to microbial growth dynamics.
A small molecule species specifically inhibits Fusarium myosin I
Authors: Zhang Chengqi , Chen Yun , Yin Yanni , Ji Huan‐Hong , Shim Won‐Bo , Hou Yiping , Zhou Mingguo , Li Xiang‐dong , Ma Zhonghua 
Published: November 2014

SummaryFusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum is a devastating disease of cereal crops worldwide. Recently, a novel fungicide JS399‐19 has been launched into the marketplace to manage FHB. It is compelling that JS399‐19 shows highly inhibitory activity towards some Fusarium species, but not to other fungi, indicating that it is an environmentally compatible fungicide. To explore the mode of action of this species‐specific compound, we conducted a whole‐genome transcript profiling together with genetic and biochemical assays, and discovered that JS399‐19 targets the myosin I of F. graminearum (FgMyo1). FgMyo1 is essential for F. graminearum growth. A point mutation S217L or E420K in FgMyo1 is responsible for F. graminearum resistance to JS399‐19. In addition, transformation of F. graminearum with the myosin I gene of Magnaporthe grisea, the causal agent of rice blast, also led to JS399‐19 resistance. JS399‐19 strongly inhibits the ATPase activity of the wild‐type FgMyo1, but not the mutated FgMyo1S217L/E420K. These results provide us a new insight into the design of species‐specific antifungal compounds. Furthermore, our strategy can be applied to identify novel drug targets in various pathogenic organisms.
A novel mitochondrial membrane protein, Ohmm, limits fungal oxidative stress resistance and virulence in the insect fungal pathogen Beauveria bassiana
Authors: He Zhangjiang , Zhang Suhong , Keyhani Nemat O. , Song Yulin , Huang Shuaishuai , Pei Yan , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe Hog1 mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase regulates environmental stress responses and virulence in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. To further characterize this pathway, we constructed a subtraction library enriched for genes regulated by Hog1. One targeted gene, encoding a novel membrane protein, Ohmm (oxidative homeostasis membrane‐protein–mitochondria), was uniquely identified as being downregulated in the ΔHog1 background during growth under non‐stress and osmotic stress conditions, but upregulated under oxidative stress. Ohmm was an experimentally validated flavin‐binding protein and targeted to the mitochondria. Deletion of Ohmm resulted in increased oxidative stress resistance, whereas overexpression caused an opposite phenotype. The ΔOhmm showed accumulation of reactive oxygen species with alterations in cell wall composition and compatible solute accumulation evident as compared with the wild type parent. Conidiation was reduced > 80%; however, conidia produced by the ΔOhmm strain germinated significantly faster than wild type cells. Insect bioassays using the greater wax moth revealed increased virulence for the ΔOhmm strain in both topical and intrahemocoel injection assays, indicating a negative effect of the presence of Ohmm with respect to pathogenesis. As predicted from our characterization, deletion of Ohmm in a ΔHog1 background rescued its oxidative sensitivity phenotype, confirming that Ohmm acts downstream of the Hog1 MAP‐kinase.
Alteration of cyanobacterial sugar and amino acid metabolism by overexpression hik8, encoding a KaiC‐associated histidine kinase
Authors: Osanai Takashi , Shirai Tomokazu , Iijima Hiroko , Kuwahara Ayuko , Suzuki Iwane , Kondo Akihiko , Hirai Masami Yokota 
Published: November 2014

SummaryCyanobacteria possess circadian clocks consisting of KaiABC proteins, and circadian rhythm must closely relate to the primary metabolism. A histidine kinase, SasA, interacts with KaiC to transduce circadian signals and widely regulates transcription in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942, although the involvement of SasA in primary metabolism has not been demonstrated at metabolite levels. Here, we generated a strain overexpressing hik8 (HOX80), an orthologue of SasA in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. HOX80 grew slowly under light conditions and lost viability under continuous dark conditions. Transcript levels of genes related to sugar catabolism remained higher in HOX80 under dark conditions. Metabolomic analysis revealed that under light conditions, glycogen was undetectable in HOX80, and there were decreased levels of metabolites of sugar catabolism and increased levels of amino acids, compared with those in the wild‐type strain. HOX80 exhibited aberrant degradation of SigE proteins after a light‐to‐dark transition and immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that Hik8 directly interacts with KaiC1. The results of this study demonstrate that overexpression of hik8 widely alters sugar and amino acid metabolism, revealing the involvement of Hik8 in primary metabolism under both light and dark conditions in this cyanobacterium.
The archaeal lipidome in estuarine sediment dominated by members of the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group
Authors: Meador Travis B. , Bowles Marshall , Lazar Cassandre S. , Zhu Chun , Teske Andreas , Hinrichs Kai‐Uwe 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe anoxic sediments of the White Oak River estuary comprise a distinctive sulfate–methane transition zone (SMTZ) and natural enrichment of the archaea affiliated with the Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotal Group (MCG). Archaeal biphytanes were generally depleted in 13C, with δ13C values being less than –35‰, indicative of production by active sedimentary archaeal populations. Multivariate analysis of the downcore distributions of 63 lipid biomarkers identified three major groups of lipids that were enriched in the surface, SMTZ or subsurface depths. Intact polar lipids with phosphatidylglycerol headgroups and glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers containing one, two or three cyclopentane rings were enriched at the base of the SMTZ and likely represent the accumulated product of a small but active ANME‐1 community. The recently identified butanetriol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (BDGT), which increased relatively to other lipids with depth, were correlated with the relative abundance of MCG in archaeal 16S rRNA clone libraries, and were 13C depleted throughout the depth profile, suggesting BDGT lipids as putative biomarkers of an MCG community that may either be autotrophic or feeding on 13C‐depleted organic substrates transported by porewater.