bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Repeated High-Intensity-Effort Ability in Rugby League Players
Authors: Gabbett Tim J. , Wheeler Aaron J. 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:
To investigate the relationship between repeated high-intensity-effort (RHIE) ability and selected physical qualities in rugby league players.

Methods:
Sixteen rugby league players underwent measurements of upper-body strength (4-repetition-maximum [4RM] bench press, weighted chin-up, weighted dips), upper-body muscle endurance (body-mass maximum-repetition chin-up, body-mass maximum-repetition dips), lower-body strength (4RM squat), estimated maximal aerobic power (multistage fitness test), and RHIE ability. The RHIE-ability test consisted of 1 × 10-m sprint, 3 × full-contact 1-on-1 tackling efforts, and a 30-m jog recovery. Players performed 4 repetitions of the test, with each repetition completed in 40 second. During the RHIE test, player speed was evaluated with a 10-m sprint effort while the movement of players was recorded using a wearable microtechnology device. 2D Player Load was used to quantify the collision component of the test.

Results:
Speed decrement was lower for the first- (−2.4% ± 1.0%) than the second-grade (−4.7% ± 2.1%) players. Players with greater initial speed had a higher average speed over the 4 sprints (r = .75), while players with greater maximum-repetition dips maintained a higher 2D Player Load (r = .76).

Conclusions:
These findings demonstrate a relationship between well-developed acceleration and upper-body muscle-endurance qualities and RHIE ability in rugby league players. Training programs designed to develop acceleration and upper-body muscle endurance are likely to improve RHIE ability.
The utility of ERG, CD31 and CD34 in the cytological diagnosis of angiosarcoma: an analysis of 25 cases
Authors: Sullivan Harold C , Edgar Mark A , Cohen Cynthia , Kovach Charles K , HooKim Kim , Reid Michelle D 
Published: October 2014

AimsErythroblast transformation specific related gene (ERG), a proto-oncogene member of the erythroblast transformation specific transcription factor family, is a sensitive marker of endothelial differentiation and is expressed in vascular tumours, including angiosarcomas (AS). Immunohistochemistry is necessary for the diagnosis of AS in fine needle aspirates where low cellularity and lack of preserved tissue architecture impedes diagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of an ERG-enriched immunohistochemistry panel in the cytological diagnosis of AS.Methods25 AS diagnosed on fine needle aspirates were stained for ERG, CD31, CD34, and AE1/AE3. Staining intensity and percentage tumour cell positivity were evaluated. Spearman’s correlation was assessed for significant correlations between antibodies.ResultsSensitivities for ERG, CD31, CD34 and AE1/AE3 were 100%, 100%, 60% and 21%, respectively. Spearman’s analysis revealed that ERG and CD31 staining correlated significantly; there was no significant correlation between CD31 and CD34 staining.ConclusionsWith equal sensitivity to, and strong correlation with CD31, ERG staining is highly suitable for the cytological diagnosis of AS. ERG and CD31 are more sensitive vascular markers than CD34. ERG, a nuclear stain, complements the cytoplasmic/membranous staining of CD31. Used in conjunction with CD31, ERG can corroborate the diagnosis of AS.
REDUNDANT: The Effects of Avatar Stereotypes and Cognitive Load on Virtual Interpersonal Attraction
Authors: Peña Jorge , Yoo Seung-Chul 
Published: October 2014

The editors of Communication Research, Drs. Gibbs and Knobloch-Westerwick, wish to issue this notification of redundant publication regarding an article that Communication Research has published online on October 28, 2014 as doi: 10.1177/0093650214554613 (never published in print). This article, “The Effects of Avatar Stereotypes and Cognitive Load on Virtual Interpersonal Attraction: Mediation Effects of Perceived Trust and Reversed Perceptions Under Cognitive Load,” by Jorge Peña and Seung-Chul Yoo, was first submitted to Communication Research on July 11, 2012 and accepted for publication on April 4, 2014. Subsequently, on May 30, 2014, Jorge Peña and Seung-Chul Yoo published an article that is based on the same experiment and data set as the abovementioned article in Presence, titled “Under Pressure: Avatar Appearance and Cognitive Load Effects on Attitudes, Trustworthiness, Bidding, and Interpersonal Distance in a Virtual Store” (doi:10.1162/PRES_a_00166). The Peña and Yoo articles in Presence and Communication Research are highly redundant in their contribution. We, the editors of Communication Research, have examined the two articles and conferred with the corresponding contributor, Dr. Peña, on the matter. The two pieces utilize different dependent variables that are, however, extremely similar. They are nearly identical in their findings and present substantially overlapping material. Because the findings in the two articles could have easily been presented in one publication, we see this as a case of fragmented (“piecemeal” or “salami”) publication. Drawing on the guidance on publication ethics from various academic associations and the Committee on Publication Ethics, we consider the article in Communication Research a covert redundant publication; the authors failed to acknowledge any other articles reporting data from the same data set in their initial correspondence with the journal editorial office or through a citation in the manuscript. Dr. Peña suggested that Dr. Yoo should be explicitly exculpated from the matter because Dr. Yoo was a graduate student at the time of submission. Dr. Peña wishes to bear the entire responsibility for this matter. We have contacted the editors of Presence to inform them of this redundant publication.
The efficacy of Botulinum Toxin A on improving ease of care in the upper and lower limbs: a systematic review and meta-analysis using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach
Authors: Baker Jennifer A , Pereira Gavin 
Published: October 2014

Objectives: A systematic review and meta-analysis using the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach; evaluating Botulinum Toxin type A efficacy on improving ease of care in the upper/lower limb. Data sources: Pubmed, Cinahl, Amed, Embase and Cochrane databases. English Language. Search to July 2014. Review methods: All randomized, placebo controlled trials on adults with difficulty in caring for the upper/lower limb resulting from spasticity of any origin and treated with a single dose of Botulinum Toxin A. Evidence quality was assessed by GRADE. Results: A total of 32 studies were reviewed. Meta-analysis was carried out on 11 upper limb and three lower limb studies. Evidence quality for the upper limb was moderate. A significant result for Botulinum Toxin A was found at four to 12 weeks for the upper limb (SMD 0.80, CI 0.55, 1.06, p < 0.0001). The effects were maintained for up to six months (SMD 0.48, CI 0.34, 0.62, p < 0.0001). Evidence quality was very low for the lower limb. Meta-analysis was only possible for global assessment of benefit. No significant effect was found. (Patient: RR 1.37 CI (0.94, 2.00) p = 0.11; clinician: RR 1.06 (0.84, 1.34) p = 0.60.) Conclusion: Botulinum Toxin A improves ease of care in the upper limb for up to six months. No conclusion can be drawn for the lower limb.
Cardiac rehabilitation with a nurse case manager (GoHeart) across local and regional health authorities improves risk factors, self-care and psychosocial outcomes. A one-year follow-up study
Authors: Hansen Vibeke Brogaard , Maindal Helle Terkildsen 
Published: October 2014

Objectives In Denmark, the local and regional health authorities share responsibility for cardiac rehabilitation (CR). The objective was to assess effectiveness of CR across sectors coordinated by a nurse case manager (NCM). Design A one-year follow-up study. Setting A CR programme (GoHeart) was evaluated in a cohort at Lillebaelt Hospital Vejle, DK from 2010 to 2011. Participants Consecutive patients admitted to CR were included. The inclusion criteria were the event of acute myocardial infarction or stable angina and invasive revascularization (left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥45%). Main outcome measures Cardiac risk factors, stratified self-care and self-reported psychosocial factors (SF12 and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)) were assessed at admission (phase IIa), at three months at discharge (phase IIb) and at one-year follow-up (phase III). Intention-to-treat and predefined subgroup analysis on sex was performed. Results Of 241 patients, 183 (75.9%) were included (mean age 63.8 years). At discharge improvements were found in total-cholesterol ( p < 0.001), low density lipoprotein (LDL; p < 0.001), functional capacities (metabolic equivalent of tasks (METS), p < 0.01), self-care management ( p < 0.001), Health status Short Form 12 version (SF12; physical; p < 0.001 and mental; p < 0.01) and in depression symptoms ( p < 0.01). At one-year follow-up these outcomes were maintained; additionally there was improvement in body mass index (BMI; p < 0.05), and high density lipoprotein (HDL; p < 0.05). There were no sex differences. Conclusion CR shared between local and regional health authorities led by a NCM (GoHeart) improves risk factors, self-care and psychosocial factors. Further improvements in most variables were at one-year follow-up.
New perspectives on thermosphere tides: 1. Lower thermosphere spectra and seasonal-latitudinal structures
Authors: Truskowski Alexander O , Forbes Jeffrey M , Zhang Xiaoli , Palo Scott E 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (TIMED/SABER) temperature measurements at 110 km and between ±50° latitude extending from 2002 through 2010 are analyzed to reveal the tidal spectrum entering the ionosphere-thermosphere (IT) system. Seasonal-latitudinal structures are presented for the most prominent spectral components which include DE3, DE2, D0, DW1, DW2, SE1 to SE4, SW1 to SW4, SW6, TE1, TW4, TW5, and TW7. Referring to recent calculations of lower atmosphere heat sources as well as vertical structure characteristics of these waves anticipated from classical tidal theory, we analyze the likely origins of these waves and the nature of their seasonal-latitudinal structures. Several waves are likely to arise through nonlinear wave-wave interactions, and in some cases, this appears to be the sole viable mechanism leading to their existence. The tidal spectrum quantified here is especially relevant to the dynamo generation of electric fields which then impose the tidal variability on the overlying F-region ionosphere. Part 2 of this 2-part study examines penetration of the tidal spectrum to the upper thermosphere.
Please see related article: http://www.earth-planets-space.com/content/66/1/122
Are oxidised low-density lipoproteins the true inducers of inflammation in atherosclerosis?
Authors: Montero-Vega Maria Teresa 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLow-density lipoproteins become oxidised (ox-LDL) when retained in the arterial intima and are considered to be the inducers of inflammation in atherosclerosis. Peroxidation of phospholipids generates a variety of oxidised molecules in LDL and leads to the formation of oxidised lipid-protein adducts. These oxidative modifications are the target of various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and constitute immunogenic neoepitopes, termed oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs). OSEs are thought to be a class of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that mediate pro-inflammatory signals in atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, identical OSEs are generated on apoptotic cells that are identified by innate immunity through the same receptors to promote housekeeping tasks and immunosuppression. The present study provides an alternative point of view and proposes that OSEs are ‘waste-associated molecular patterns’ (WAMPs) recognised by innate immunity as a signal for the presence of oxidised waste that must be cleared without triggering inflammation. The hypothesis presented here states that ox-LDL are not inflammatory per se but instead polarise macrophages for housekeeping functions; however, other immune alerts, which are generated under the influence of risk factors, cooperate with them in switching macrophage polarisation towards dangerous phenotypes that complicate atheromas with different tendencies. This hypothesis of ‘immune cooperation’ explains why atheromas grow silently for decades and reveals atherosclerosis to be a dynamic disease that begins with the retention and oxidation of LDL in the arterial intima and ends with the formation of a thrombus, but in which the underlying immune process changes over time and differs between patients.
WTO Provision and Higher Education in Nepal
Authors: Koirala Amit 
Published: October 2014

The World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements cover a wide range of activities such as agriculture, textiles and clothing, banking, telecommunications, government purchases, industrial standards and product safety, food and sanitation regulations and intellectual property. Under the WTO agreements, countries cannot normally discriminate between their trading partners. Imported and locally produced goods should be treated equally. The same should apply to foreign and domestic services, and to trademarks, copyrights and patents. Education has been considered as one of the trades in the WTO. It has been argued that the accession of membership to WTO will be very helpful in the development of a country like Nepal so, this paper especially tries to find out the dilemmas and prospective on higher education in Nepal with respect to WTO provision. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijssm.v1i4.10965 Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-1, issue-4: 139-142
Investigation of the wear resistance and microstructure of Al/SiC metal matrix composites as a function of reinforcement volume fraction and reinforcement to matrix particle size ratio applying artificial neural network
Authors: Ghiami Amir , Diler Ege Anıl , Ipek Rasim 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
In this study, the influences of reinforcement volume fraction and the ratio of the reinforcement particle size to the matrix particle size on the wear behaviour of Al/SiC metal matrix composites were investigated by use of a model function obtained from an artificial neural network. Hardness and ball-on-disc wear tests were applied to Al/SiC composites manufactured via a powder metallurgy method. The results indicate that as the reinforcement volume fraction and the ratio of the reinforcement particle size to the matrix particle size increase, the wear loss decreases except in two cases; in the first case (vol.% ≤ 7.5), as the ratio of the reinforcement particle size to the matrix particle size rises, the wear loss increases and then decreases. In the second case, the decreasing trend of wear loss at high values of volume fraction (≥ 15%) declines and then increases where the value of the reinforcement to the matrix particle size ratio is about 1.
A Survey of Nursing Home Physicians to Determine Laboratory Monitoring Adverse Drug Event Alert Preferences
Authors: Perera S. , Nace D.A. , Culley C.M. , Handler S.M. , Boyce R.D. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryObjective: We conducted a survey of nursing home physicians to learn about (1) the laboratory value thresholds that clinical event monitors should use to generate alerts about potential adverse drug events (ADEs); (2) the specific information to be included in the alerts; and (3) the communication modality that should be used for communicating them.Methods: Nursing home physician attendees of the 2010 Conference of AMDA: The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine.Results: A total of 800 surveys were distributed; 565 completed surveys were returned and seven surveys were excluded due to inability to verify that the respondents were physicians (a 70% net valid response rate). Alerting threshold preferences were identified for eight laboratory tests. For example, the majority of respondents selected thresholds of ≥ 5.5 mEq/L for hyperkalemia (63%) and ≤ 3.5 without symptoms for hypokalemia (54%). The majority of surveyed physicians thought alerts should include the complete active medication list, current vital signs, previous value of the triggering lab, medication change in the past 30 days, and medication allergies. Most surveyed physicians felt the best way to communicate an ADE alert was by direct phone/voice communication (64%), followed by email to a mobile device (59%).Conclusions: This survey of nursing home physicians suggests that the majority prefer alerting thresholds that would generally lead to fewer alerts than if widely accepted standardized laboratory ranges were used. It also suggests a subset of information items to include in alerts, and the physicians’ preferred communication modalities. This information might improve the acceptance of clinical event monitoring systems to detect ADEs in the nursing home setting.Citation: Boyce RD, Perera S, Nace DA, Culley CM, Handler SM. A survey of nursing home physicians to determine laboratory monitoring adverse drug event alert preferences. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 895–906http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-06-RA-0053
Macroscopic Limits of Microscopic Models
Authors: Abeyaratne Rohan 
Published: October 2014

Many physical systems are comprised of several discrete elements, the equations of motion of each element being known. If the system has a large number of degrees of freedom, it may be possible to treat it as a continuous system. In this event, one might wish to derive the equations of motion of the continuous (macroscopic) system by taking a suitable limit of the equations governing the discrete (microscopic) system. The classical example of this involves a row of particles with each particle connected to its nearest neighbor by a linear spring, its continuum counterpart being a linearly elastic bar; see Fig. 1. In a typical undergraduate engineering subject on, for example, Dynamics, the transition from a discrete system to a continuous system is usually carried out through a formal Taylor expansion of the terms of the discrete model about some reference configuration. The aim of this paper is to draw attention to the fact that a macroscopic model derived in this way should be examined critically in order to confirm that it provides a faithful representation of the underlying microscopic model. We use a specific (striking) example to make this point. In this example, a simple solution of the discrete model can be stable or unstable depending on the state of the system. However, the corresponding solution of the continuous system is always unstable! We go on to show how the dispersion relations of the two models can be used to identify the source of the discrepancy and to suggest how one might modify the continuous model.
Catalytic Studies Featuring Palladium(II) Benzoylthiourea Derivative as Catalyst in Sonogashira Reaction
Authors: Khairul Wan M. , Mohd Faisol Sarah Liyana , Jasman Siti Maryam , Che Soh Siti Kamilah , Shamsuddin Mustaffa 
Published: October 2014

A benzoylthiourea derivative (LTU) and its metal complexation of palladium(II) chloride (MLTU) has been successfully synthesized and characterized via typical spectroscopic and analytical techniques namely IR, 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, UV-Visible and Gas Chromatography Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). The Infrared spectrum for LTU shows four significant bands of interest namely ν(N-H), ν(C=O), ν(C-N) and ν(C=S) and the values were observed within the range. The 1H NMR spectrum for the compound shows expected protons for N-H at δH 10.95 ppm and δH 11.15 ppm while the 13C NMR spectrum shows resonances of carbonyl (C=O) carbon and thiones (C=S) at δC 168.26 ppm and δC 180.56 ppm, respectively. From UV-Vis spectrum, it shows the presence of n-pi* and pi→pi*electronic transitions which are expected to be attributed from the phenyl ring, carbonyl (C=O) and thiones (C=S) chromophores. Complexation of LTU with palladium(II) chloride was done to afford MLTU which in turn, was tested as homogeneous catalyst in Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction. The reaction was monitored by GC-FID at 6 hours reaction period. The percentage conversion of 4-bromoacetophenone to the coupled product was 75.73% indicated that MLTU can act as an ideal potential catalyst in the Sonogashira reaction. © 2014 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Kinetic Control over Pathway Complexity in Supramolecular Polymerization through Modulating the Energy Landscape by Rational Molecular Design
Authors: Ogi Soichiro , Fukui Tomoya , Jue Melinda L. , Takeuchi Masayuki , Sugiyasu Kazunori 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFar‐from‐equilibrium thermodynamic systems that are established as a consequence of coupled equilibria are the origin of the complex behavior of biological systems. Therefore, research in supramolecular chemistry has recently been shifting emphasis from a thermodynamic standpoint to a kinetic one; however, control over the complex kinetic processes is still in its infancy. Herein, we report our attempt to control the time evolution of supramolecular assembly in a process in which the supramolecular assembly transforms from a J‐aggregate to an H‐aggregate over time. The transformation proceeds through a delicate interplay of these two aggregation pathways. We have succeeded in modulating the energy landscape of the respective aggregates by a rational molecular design. On the basis of this understanding of the energy landscape, programming of the time evolution was achieved through adjusting the balance between the coupled equilibria.
DNA‐Programmed Dynamic Assembly of Quantum Dots for Molecular Computation
Authors: He Xuewen , Li Zhi , Chen Muzi , Ma Nan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDespite the widespread use of quantum dots (QDs) for biosensing and bioimaging, QD‐based bio‐interfaceable and reconfigurable molecular computing systems have not yet been realized. DNA‐programmed dynamic assembly of multi‐color QDs is presented for the construction of a new class of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based QD computing systems. A complete set of seven elementary logic gates (OR, AND, NOR, NAND, INH, XOR, XNOR) are realized using a series of binary and ternary QD complexes operated by strand displacement reactions. The integration of different logic gates into a half‐adder circuit for molecular computation is also demonstrated. This strategy is quite versatile and straightforward for logical operations and would pave the way for QD‐biocomputing‐based intelligent molecular diagnostics.
Air holding problem solving with reinforcement learning to reduce airspace congestion
Authors: Cruciol Leonardo L. B. V. , Weigang Li , de Barros Alexandre Gomes , Koendjbiharie Marlon Winston 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe Air Holding Problem Module is proposed as a decision support system to help air traffic controllers in their daily air traffic flow management. This system is developed using an Artificial Intelligence technique known as multiagent systems to organize and optimize the solutions for controllers to handle traffic flow in Brazilian airspace. In this research, the air holding problem is modeled with reinforcement learning, and a solution is proposed and applied in two case studies of the Brazilian airspace. The system can suggest more precise and realistic actions based upon past situations and knowledge of the professionals and forecast the impact of restrictive measures at the local and/or overall level. The first case study shows performance improvements in traffic flows between 8 and 47% at the local level up to 49% at the overall level. In the second case study, performance improvements were between 15 and 57% at the local level and between 41 and 48% at the overall level. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.