bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Metallofullerene Field‐Induced Single‐Ion Magnet HoSc2N@C80
Authors: Dreiser Jan , Westerström Rasmus , Zhang Yang , Popov Alexey A. , Dunsch Lothar , Krämer Karl , Liu Shi‐Xia , Decurtins Silvio , Greber Thomas 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe low‐temperature magnetic properties of the endohedral metallofullerene HoSc2N@C80 have been studied by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. Alternating current (ac) susceptibility measurements reveal that this molecule exhibits slow relaxation of magnetization in a small applied field with timescales in the order of milliseconds. The equilibrium magnetic properties of HoSc2N@C80 indicate strong magnetic anisotropy. The large differences in magnetization relaxation times between the present compound and the previously investigated DySc2N@C80 are discussed.
Enantiopure Isoindolinones through Viedma Ripening
Authors: Steendam René R. E. , Brouwer Maxime C. T. , Huijs Evelien M. E. , Kulka Michaël W. , Meekes Hugo , van Enckevort Willem J. P. , Raap Jan , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. , Vlieg Elias 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHere we demonstrate that deracemization of isoindolinones using Viedma ripening is possible starting from a racemic mixture of conglomerate crystals. Crystals of the enantiopure isoindolinones lose their chiral identity upon dissolution even without the need for a catalyst. This enabled complete deracemization of the reported isoindolinones without a catalyst.
Cadherin‐8 expression, synaptic localization, and molecular control of neuronal form in prefrontal corticostriatal circuits
Authors: Friedman Lauren G. , Riemslagh Fréderike W. , Sullivan Josefa M. , Mesias Roxana , Williams Frances M. , Huntley George W. , Benson Deanna L. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTNeocortical interactions with the dorsal striatum support many motor and executive functions, and such underlying functional networks are particularly vulnerable to a variety of developmental, neurological, and psychiatric brain disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Relatively little is known about the development of functional corticostriatal interactions, and in particular, virtually nothing is known of the molecular mechanisms that control generation of prefrontal cortex–striatal circuits. Here, we used regional and cellular in situ hybridization techniques coupled with neuronal tract tracing to show that Cadherin‐8 (Cdh8), a homophilic adhesion protein encoded by a gene associated with autism spectrum disorders and learning disability susceptibility, is enriched within striatal projection neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex and in striatal medium spiny neurons forming the direct or indirect pathways. Developmental analysis of quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot data show that Cdh8 expression peaks in the prefrontal cortex and striatum at P10, when cortical projections start to form synapses in the striatum. High‐resolution immunoelectron microscopy shows that Cdh8 is concentrated at excitatory synapses in the dorsal striatum, and Cdh8 knockdown in cortical neurons impairs dendritic arborization and dendrite self‐avoidance. Taken together, our findings indicate that Cdh8 delineates developing corticostriatal circuits where it is a strong candidate for regulating the generation of normal cortical projections, neuronal morphology, and corticostriatal synapses. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:75–92, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient Ruthenium Sensitizer with a Terpyridine Ligand Having a Hexylthiophene Unit for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: Effects of the Substituent Position on the Solar Cell Performance
Authors: Ozawa Hironobu , Kuroda Takahiro , Harada Shohei , Arakawa Hironori 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA novel ruthenium sensitizer with a terpyridine ligand having a hexylthiophene unit at the 4‐position (TUS‐38) has been synthesized to investigate the effects of the substituent position on the photo‐ and electrochemical properties and on solar cell performance. The dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSC) with TUS‐38 showed a 10.6 % conversion efficiency under AM 1.5 (100 mW/cm2) irradiation, which is much higher than that of the DSC with a previously reported ruthenium sensitizer with a terpyridine ligand having two hexylthiophene units at the 5‐ and 5″‐positions.
NRG1‐ErbB signalling promotes microglia activation contributing to incision‐induced mechanical allodynia
Authors: Xiang Y. , Liu T. , Yang H. , Gao F. , Xiang H. , Manyande A. , Tian Y. , Tian X. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundSpinal microglia activation is one of the pathologic mechanisms involved in post‐operative pain, which results from surgical injuries in skin, fascia, muscle and small nerves innervating these tissues. Recent research has shown that neuregulin‐1 (NRG1) and its receptor erythroblastosis oncogene B (ErbB) family mediate microglia proliferation and chemotaxis contributing to the development of neuropathic pain. However, it is unclear whether NRG1‐ErbB signalling contributes to incision‐induced mechanical allodynia.MethodsExpressions of NRG1, ErbB2 and activation of microglia in spinal cord following paw plantar incision in an incision‐induced mechanical allodynia model were detected with real‐time PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining. Altered mechanical pain and spinal microglia activation were observed by pharmacologically blocking of NRG1‐ErbB signalling or down‐regulation of NRG1 types I and II via small interfering RNA (siRNA) intervention.ResultsNRG1‐ErbB signalling mediated incision‐induced microglia activation and mechanical allodynia. Expressions of types I and II NRG1 in L5 dorsal root ganglion at RNA level and in spinal cord at protein level were dramatically increased after paw incision. Pharmacologically blocking of NRG1‐ErbB signalling by ErbB inhibitor and down‐regulation, the expression of NRG1 types I and II via siRNA suppressed incision‐induced microglia activation and alleviated mechanical allodynia.ConclusionIncision‐induced NRG1 expression mediated activation of dorsal horn microglia and contributed to the development of mechanical allodynia. Specifically targeting NRG1‐ErbB signalling may therefore provide a new therapeutic intervention for relieving incision‐induced mechanical allodynia.
Kinetics of Thiophene Hydrodesulphurization: Pore Diffusional Effects
Authors: Ganguly Sudip K. , Vohra Nishant , Varun Neetu , Das Gautam , Bhunia Haripada 
Published: August 2014

AbstractHydrodesulfurization (HDS) of straight‐run naphtha (SRN) reformer feed significantly improves reformer catalyst life, gasoline yield, and its stability. HDS of SRN helps in protecting the expensive platinum‐based reforming catalyst. HDS is usually catalyzed by sulphided Co–Mo/Al2O3 or sometimes Ni–Mo/Al2O3. The design of naphtha HDS units requires the development develop a kinetic model. It is well‐known that among the sulphur types present in naphtha, the most persistent sulphur compound is thiophene. Therefore, the design of naphtha HDS units is governed by thiophene HDS rates. It is essential to have experimental conditions free from intraparticle diffusional limitations in order to obtain intrinsic kinetics data. This Communication discusses the calculation procedures involved in ensuring experimental conditions free from pore diffusional resistances before conducting detailed kinetics studies. The pore diffusional resistance was quantified in terms of Thiele modulus (Φ).
Synthesis of N,N‐Bis(dialkoxyphosphinoylmethyl)‐ and N,N‐Bis(diphenylphosphinoylmethyl)‐β‐ and γ‐amino acid Derivatives by the Microwave‐Assisted Double Kabachnik–Fields Reaction
Authors: Bálint Erika , Fazekas Eszter , Kóti János , Keglevich György 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe title compounds were synthesized by the microwave‐assisted, mostly solvent‐free bis Kabachnik–Fields condensation of β‐alanine and γ‐aminobutyric acid or their esters with formaldehyde and >P(O)H species, such as dialkyl phosphites and diphenylphosphine oxide.
PPARG Modulated Lipid Accumulation in Dairy GMEC via Regulation of ADRP Gene
Authors: Kang Yu , Hengbo Shi , Jun Luo , Jun Li , Wangsheng Zhao , Huibin Tian , Huaiping Shi 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma (PPARG) is considered to be a central regulator of lipid metabolism in mammary cells. Adipose differentiation‐related protein (ADRP), a member of PAT family (Perilipin, ADRP, TIP47 family), plays a key role in lipid accumulation in mammary gland. It has been found that PPARG significantly promoted lipid storage in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC), which was abolished after knockdown of ADRP gene. The results of real‐time PCR, Western blot and luciferase reporter assay for goat ADRP promoter showed that ligand‐activated PPARG up‐regulated the ADRP gene expression and activity of ADRP promoter. Moreover, PPARG directly interacted with a PPRE (PPAR response element) spanning at −1003 to −990 on ADRP promoter. In this study, to our knowledge, we are the first to verify the function of PPARG on lipid storage on cellular level of goat mammary gland and our results revealed a novel pathway that PPARG may regulate lipid accumulation by controlling the expression of ADRP gene. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 192–201, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetic, Equilibrium and Isotherm Studies of Cadmium Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Oxidized Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes and the Functionalized Ones with Thiosemicarbazide and Their Toxicity Investigations: A Comparison
Authors: Tahermansouri Hasan , Ahi Roghayeh Mohamadian , Kiani Farhoush 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were first oxidized by nitric acid to form a MWCNT‐COOH. Then, it was modified with thiosemicarbazide to produce MWCNT‐semi. Thus, these carbon materials, MWCNTs, MWCNT‐COOH and MWCNT‐semi, have been used as efficient adsorbents for the removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions. The influence of variables including pH, concentration of the cadmium, amount of adsorbents and contact time was investigated by the batch method. The kinetic studies carried out using different kinetic models such as pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, and intraparticle diffusion models. The sorption process with each adsorbent was well described by pseudo‐second‐order kinetics which it was agreed well with the experimental data. The values of regression coefficient of various adsorption isotherms like Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin to obtain the characteristic parameters of each model have been carried out. The results showed which the Langmuir isotherm for all adsorbents and Tempkin model for MWCNT‐COOH and MWCNT‐semi was found to best represent the measured sorption data. Toxicity of these samples was evaluated in human embryonic kidney HEK293 and human breast cancer SKBR3 cell lines after culturing cells for 24 h. Cellular investigations showed that the modified MWCNTs in particular MWCNT‐semi have considerably significant toxic impact on SKBR3 as compared to HEK293 at concentration 3 µg/mL.
Simultaneous measuring of magnetic field and temperature based on photonic crystal fiber loop filled with magnetic fluid
Authors: Zhang Yuyan , Zhao Yong , Li Zhi 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA novel simultaneous measurement method for magnetic field and temperature is proposed based on the photonic crystal fiber loop mirror selectively filled magnetic fluid. The measuring principle was introduced in detail and verified by experiment. Sensitivity coefficients that the pitch between adjacent resonant valley and the resonant valley drift changed with temperature and magnetic field were achieved theoretically and found to be consistent basically. Therefore, the temperature and magnetic field can be simultaneous detected according to the two‐parameter matrix. The measurement errors and the fitting curves between resonant valley pitch, resonant valley shift, and temperature/magnetic field were given by experiment. The results show that the theoretical calculations and experimental results are basically consistent, and the scheme is feasible. The detection resolution of temperature and magnetic field were 0.07°C and 0.41 Oe respectively for resolution of 0.02 nm spectrometer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2548–2552, 2014
Modeling of the antenna effects and calibration for subsurface probing
Authors: Nounouh Soufiane , Eyraud Christelle , Tortel Hervé , Litman Amélie 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn near‐subsurface imaging, the antenna constitutes an important part of the probing device. Unfortunately, during the data processing sequence, its radiation pattern is often neglected, inappropriately approximated, or accurately modeled, but with heavy procedure. In the present work, we propose an approach for accurately modeling the antenna behavior. The methodology was derived keeping in mind that it must remain simple to implement and that it should not require a complete description of the antenna geometry. Instead, a correctly balanced set of elementary sources, acquired through free‐space transmission measurements, are introduced to mimic the antenna radiation characteristics. Comparisons with experimental fields acquired in controlled laboratory conditions show that this procedure allows a correct implementation of the antenna effect. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2516–2522, 2014
Electromagnetic scattering from periodic dielectric rough surfaces by transform method
Authors: Tezel Necmi Serkan 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, a new and very computational effective method related to electromagnetic scattering from periodic dielectric surfaces is proposed. This method is based on Taylor series expansion of fields on the planes which are below and above of the periodic surface. The fields are represented by Floquet modes with unknown coefficients. Using the boundary condition, series equations are obtained. These series equations can be solved using orthogonality properties of Fourier expansion functions. Thismtransformation makes the problem simple formulation and computational effectively without involving calculation of slowly converging periodic Green's function. The proposed method can be extended for solution of electromagnetic scattering from multilayer periodic dielectric rough straightforwardly. Results and computational times obtained by transform method and those obtained by Method of Moments (MoM) technique are compared. Good agreements are observed in results. It is also observed that transform method needs much less computational time than MoM method. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2572–2576, 2014
A directional method of extrinsic resistance determination for millimeter‐wave small‐signal model
Authors: Nguyen Tung The‐Lam , Kim Sam‐Dong 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTWe propose in this study an approach to highly reliable extraction scheme for the extrinsic resistances of the W‐band metamorphic high electron mobility transistors. This method uses a directional search technique to determine the channel resistance of the device under zero‐biased condition by minimizing the fitting errors between hot field effect transistor model S‐parameters and measurements. From this, the extraction accuracies of the extrinsic resistances and all intrinsic parameters are greatly improved. Extractions for the parasitic elements are performed at four different gate widths (2 × 10 µm, 2 × 20 µm, 2 × 30 µm, and 2 × 70 µm), and we achieved the most accurate parameter prediction among the small‐signal models reported to date with an effective fitting error of 10.69% in a frequency range of 0.5–110 GHz. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2609–2612, 2014
A 24‐GHz radar sensor with a six‐port network for short‐range detection
Authors: Yang Jong‐Ryul , Hong Songcheol 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTThe miniaturized radar sensor for detecting short distances is realized using a six‐port network. The six‐port network of the radar sensor consists of passive components and RF power detectors. The power detector obtains a highly accurate DC voltage because DC offsets are cancelled using a dummy structure in the detector. The maximum error of a distance measurement to 3 m is approximately 2% for a single target. Using traveling wave antennas, the distances to two targets with different directions are measured with 6.7% maximum detection error to 1 m. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2634–2637, 2014
Tunable L‐band fiber lasers using fiber bragg gratings and wavelength reflector
Authors: Liaw Shien‐Kuei , Wu Wen‐Fang , Shin Chow‐Shing 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTAn L‐band tunable linear cavity fiber laser using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and wavelength reflector as cavity ends is investigated. A four‐lamina composite device is used to facilitate tunable wavelength with 0.1‐nm tuning resolution. Two strain‐tunable FBGs are demonstrated with whole tuning range from 1574.5 to 1602.4 nm. A stable lasing output power at 1582.0 nm has 11.5 mW threshold pump power and 59 dB side‐mode suppression ratio, respectively, using 10 M erbium‐doped fiber and 100 mW pump power. The measured slope efficiency is 12.2% corresponding to 13.0% of quantum efficiency. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2681–2683, 2014
Multiband bandpass filters with suppressed harmonics using a novel defected ground structure
Authors: Hejazi Zuhair M. , Ali Zeshan 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA novel defected ground structure, with a predominantly magnetic coupling, is designed, fabricated, and used to suppress the out‐of‐band harmonics of a class of multiband filter, characterized by very abrupt spurious response. A one‐pole lowpass filter is realized solely by making slots on the ground plane and keeping the original filter structure unchanged. The proposed structure has very minor effect on the performance of the original multiband filter, for example, on fractional bandwidths or level of S11. Measurements show the achieved suppression level of the filter spurious response to vary from 13 to 37 dB over a frequency range of about 1.5 GHz. Excellent agreements are observed between measurements and simulations within the filter bands. The filter size is maintained compact as the original. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2726–2731, 2014
Acceleration and motion‐correction techniques for high‐resolution intravascular MRI
Authors: Hegde Shashank Sathyanarayana , Zhang Yi , Bottomley Paul A. 
Published: August 2014

PurposeHigh‐resolution intravascular (IV) MRI is susceptible to degradation from physiological motion and requires high frame‐rates for true endoscopy. Traditional cardiac‐gating techniques compromise efficiency by reducing the effective scan rate. Here we test whether compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction and ungated motion‐compensation using projection shifting, could provide faster motion‐suppressed, IVMRI.Theory and MethodsCS reconstruction is developed for undersampled Cartesian and radial imaging using a new IVMRI‐specific cost function to effectively increase imaging speed. A new motion correction method is presented wherein individual IVMRI projections are shifted based on the IVMRI detector's intrinsic amplitude and phase properties. The methods are tested at 3 Tesla (T) in fruit, human vessel specimens, and a rabbit aorta in vivo. Images are compared using structural‐similarity and “spokal variation” indices.ResultsAlthough some residual artifacts persisted, CS acceleration and radial motion compensation strategies reduced motion artifact in vitro and in vivo, allowing effective accelerations of up to eight‐fold at 200–300 µm resolution.ConclusionThe 3T IVMRI detectors are well‐suited to CS and motion correction strategies based on their intrinsic radially‐sparse sensitivity profiles and high signal‐to‐noise ratios. While benefits of faster free‐breathing high‐resolution IVMRI and reduced motion sensitivity are realized, there are costs to spatial resolution, and some motion artifacts may persist. Magn Reson Med 74:452–461, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Minimizing lipid signal bleed in brain 1H chemical shift imaging by post‐acquisition grid shifting
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhou Jinyuan , Bottomley Paul A. 
Published: August 2014

PurposeLow spatial resolution in conventional 1H brain chemical shifting imaging (CSI) studies causes partial volume error (PVE) or signal “bleed” that is especially deleterious to voxels near the scalp. The standard spatial apodization approach adversely affects spatial resolution. Here, a novel automated post‐processing strategy of partial volume correction employing grid shifting (“PANGS”) is presented, which minimizes residual PVE without compromising spatial resolution.MethodsPANGS shifts the locations of the reconstruction coordinates in a designated region of image space—the scalp, to match the tissue “centers‐of‐mass” instead of the geometric centers of each voxel, by iteratively minimizing the PVE from the scalp into outside voxels. PANGS' performance was evaluated by numerical simulation, and in 3 Tesla 1H CSI human studies employing outer volume suppression and long echo times.ResultsPANGS reduced lipid contamination of cortical spectra by up to 86% (54% on average). Metabolite maps exhibited significantly less lipid artifact than conventional and spatially‐filtered CSI. All methods generated quantitatively identical spectral peak areas from central brain locations, but spatial filtering increased spectral linewidths and reduced spatial resolution.ConclusionPANGS significantly reduces lipid artifacts in 1H brain CSI spectra and metabolite maps, and improves metabolite detection in cortical regions without compromising resolution. Magn Reson Med 74:320–329, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diabetes‐Related Quality of Life and the Demands and Burdens of Diabetes Care Among Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes in the Year After High School Graduation
Authors: Hanna Kathleen M. , Weaver Michael T. , Slaven James E. , Fortenberry J. Dennis , DiMeglio Linda A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe roles of glycemic control, diabetes management, diabetes care responsibility, living independently of parents, and time since high school graduation in predicting diabetes‐related quality of life (DQOL) were examined in 184 emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. Data were collected at graduation and 1 year later. Analyses controlling for selected covariates were completed using generalized linear mixed models. Better diabetes management was associated with more positive responses on all four dimensions of DQOL. Impact and worry of DQOL were greater in the presence of depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction was lower. DQOL life satisfaction was lower in those living independently of parents. Young women reported poorer diabetes‐related health status than did young men. Time since graduation was not linked to DQOL. Further research is needed on ways to improve DQOL in conjunction with diabetes management and on ways that families can support DQOL when youth live independently. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.