bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of primary surgery in the treatment of advanced oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Seikaly Hadi , Biron Vincent L. , Zhang Han , O'Connell Daniel A. , Côté David W. J. , Ansari Khalid , Williams David C. , Puttagunta Lakshmi , Harris Jeffrey R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to compare survival outcomes of patients with advanced stage oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) according to surgical and nonsurgical treatments, when stratified by smoking and p16 status.MethodsWe conducted a prospective longitudinal population‐based study of 279 patients diagnosed with advanced oropharyngeal SCC. Patients were stratified by smoking and p16 status.ResultsThere was no significant disease‐specific survival (DSS) difference in combined modality treatment groups in nonsmokers that had p16‐positive cancers, however, in smokers with p16‐positive cancers, the DSS surgery + postoperative chemoradiotherapy (S+CRT) was significantly higher than chemoradiotherapy (CRT) alone. Patients who had p16‐negative cancers had the highest DSS when treated with surgery + adjuvant therapy (S+RT)/CRT. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that increasing Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, smoking, p16 status, higher stage, and treatment with surgery protocols were significant determinants of survival.ConclusionPrimary surgical approaches offer the best survival outcomes in smokers with p16‐positive cancers and in patients with p16‐negative cancers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E–E, 2016
Olanzapine: evaluation of the in vivo cytogenetic effect
Authors: Constantinos Zampas , Eleni Papadopoulou , Goulas Antonis , Iakovidou – Kritsi Zafiroula 
Published: March 2015

Background/AimsOlanzapine (OLZ), an atypical antipsychotic, is licensed for use in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders.MethodsOLZ cytogenetic effects were investigated by evaluating the frequency of Sister Chromatid Exchanges (SCEs) and Proliferation Rate Index (PRI) in cultured lymphocytes of schizophrenic patients who were under treatment of OLZ. SCE estimation is one of the most sensitive biomarkers of potential cytotoxicity, while PRI is used as a valuable marker of cytostatic activity.ResultsOur results showed a statistically significant increase of SCEs in the cultured lymphocytes of patients (p < 0,001) compared to the lymphocytes of healthy donors, a statistically significant increase of SCEs (p < 0.001) in the lymphocytes of smoker patients compared to those of non‐smoker patients and a statistically significant increase of SCEs (p < 0.001) in the lymphocytes of chronic recipients of OLZ compared to those of the patients with recent initiation of treatment. We did not detect any statistically significant differences with respect to PRI between the various groups examined.ConclusionsOur results indicate a mild cytotoxic—but not cytostatic—effect of OLZ which was more prominent in smokers and in chronically treated patients. That effect should be taken into consideration by psychiatrists upon assessing the benefit/risk ratio of their prescriptions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuroimaging in adult penetrating brain injury: a guide for radiographers
Authors: Temple Nikki , Donald Cortny , Skora Amanda , Reed Warren 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPenetrating brain injuries (PBI) are a medical emergency, often resulting in complex damage and high mortality rates. Neuroimaging is essential to evaluate the location and extent of injuries, and to manage them accordingly. Currently, a myriad of imaging modalities are included in the diagnostic workup for adult PBI, including skull radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography, with each modality providing their own particular benefits. This literature review explores the current modalities available for investigating PBI and aims to assist in decision making for the appropriate use of diagnostic imaging when presented with an adult PBI. Based on the current literature, the authors have developed an imaging pathway for adult penetrating brain injury that functions as both a learning tool and reference guide for radiographers and other health professionals. Currently, CT is recommended as the imaging modality of choice for the initial assessment of PBI patients, while MRI is important in the sub‐acute setting where it aids prognosis prediction and rehabilitation planning, Additional follow‐up imaging, such as angiography, should be dependent upon clinical findings.
3D FEM modelling and experimental investigations of Al–Cu bimetallic bars rolling process in modified grooves
Authors: Mróz S. , Szota P. , Stefanik A. , Wasek S. 
Published: March 2015

The paper presents the results of the numerical modelling and experimental tests of Al–Cu bimetallic bars groove rolling process. A bimetallic feedstock was manufactured using an explosive cladding method. The feedstocks were round bars with diameter of 22 mm and a cladding layer share of 15 and 30 %. As a result of rolling in 4 passes bars of a diameter of 16 mm were obtained. By applying the multi‐radial modified grooves to the rolling of Al–Cu bimetallic bars the stability of the rolling process was improved, whereby, finished bars with a uniform cladding layer distribution along the core and small diameter dimensional deviations were obtained. Forge2011®, a FEM‐relying software program, was employed for the theoretical examinations.
Low‐variance RNAs identify Parkinson's disease molecular signature in blood
Authors: Chikina Maria D. , Gerald Christophe P. , Li Xianting , Ge Yongchao , Pincas Hanna , Nair Venugopalan D. , Wong Aaron K. , Krishnan Arjun , Troyanskaya Olga G. , Raymond Deborah , Saunders‐Pullman Rachel , Bressman Susan B. , Yue Zhenyu , Sealfon Stuart C. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is usually not established until advanced neurodegeneration leads to clinically detectable symptoms. Previous blood PD transcriptome studies show low concordance, possibly resulting from the use of microarray technology, which has high measurement variation. The Leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S mutation predisposes to PD. Using preclinical and clinical studies, we sought to develop a novel statistically motivated transcriptomic‐based approach to identify a molecular signature in the blood of Ashkenazi Jewish PD patients, including LRRK2 mutation carriers. Using a digital gene expression platform to quantify 175 messenger RNA (mRNA) markers with low coefficients of variation (CV), we first compared whole‐blood transcript levels in mouse models (1) overexpressing wild‐type (WT) LRRK2, (2) overexpressing G2019S LRRK2, (3) lacking LRRK2 (knockout), and (4) and in WT controls. We then studied an Ashkenazi Jewish cohort of 34 symptomatic PD patients (both WT LRRK2 and G2019S LRRK2) and 32 asymptomatic controls. The expression profiles distinguished the four mouse groups with different genetic background. In patients, we detected significant differences in blood transcript levels both between individuals differing in LRRK2 genotype and between PD patients and controls. Discriminatory PD markers included genes associated with innate and adaptive immunity and inflammatory disease. Notably, gene expression patterns in levodopa‐treated PD patients were significantly closer to those of healthy controls in a dose‐dependent manner. We identify whole‐blood mRNA signatures correlating with LRRK2 genotype and with PD disease state. This approach may provide insight into pathogenesis and a route to early disease detection. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Data Mining and Machine Learning Tools for Combinatorial Material Science of All‐Oxide Photovoltaic Cells
Authors: Yosipof Abraham , Nahum Oren E. , Anderson Assaf Y. , Barad Hannah‐Noa , Zaban Arie , Senderowitz Hanoch 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGrowth in energy demands, coupled with the need for clean energy, are likely to make solar cells an important part of future energy resources. In particular, cells entirely made of metal oxides (MOs) have the potential to provide clean and affordable energy if their power conversion efficiencies are improved. Such improvements require the development of new MOs which could benefit from combining combinatorial material sciences for producing solar cells libraries with data mining tools to direct synthesis efforts. In this work we developed a data mining workflow and applied it to the analysis of two recently reported solar cell libraries based on Titanium and Copper oxides. Our results demonstrate that QSAR models with good prediction statistics for multiple solar cells properties could be developed and that these models highlight important factors affecting these properties in accord with experimental findings. The resulting models are therefore suitable for designing better solar cells.
Circulating serum miRNAs as potential biomarkers for nephroblastoma
Authors: Ludwig Nicole , Nourkami‐Tutdibi Nasenien , Backes Christina , Lenhof Hans‐Peter , Graf Norbert , Keller Andreas , Meese Eckart 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundNephroblastoma (or Wilms tumor—WT) is the most common childhood kidney cancer. In Europe, nephroblastoma is treated with preoperative chemotherapy without histological confirmation by biopsy. Therefore, minimal‐invasive diagnostic markers confirming nephroblastoma diagnosis are highly warranted.ProcedureIn our study, we aim to identify circulating miRNAs with diagnostic potential for differentiating nephroblastoma from controls. We determined the level of 19 miRNAs in serum of 32 patients with nephroblastoma and 12 controls with quantitative real‐time PCR. Three miRNAs were further tested in an independent validation set including sera of patients with renal tumors other than Wilms.ResultsIn total, 14 miRNAs showed significantly higher abundance in serum of patients with nephroblastoma than in controls. The miRNAs with highest diagnostic potentials included miRs‐130b‐3p, ‐100‐5p, and ‐143‐3p with an AUC of 0.94, 0.90, and 0.89, respectively. A signature based on these three miRNAs to differentiated patients from controls with an accuracy of 84.58%, a sensitivity of 76.67%, and a specificity of 92.5%. Higher expression of miRs‐100‐5p and ‐130b‐3p was confirmed in an independent validation set. The signature based on miRs‐100‐5p and ‐130b‐3p differentiated patients with nephroblastoma from healthy controls with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 79.6%, 69.2%, and 90.0%, respectively.ConclusionIn summary, we provide first evidence that serum miR‐100‐5p and ‐130b‐3p hold potential as biomarker for WT irrespective of the subtype and that expression level of these miRNA in serum is unaffected by differences in serum collection. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1360–1367. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Low‐temperature hollow cathode plasma‐assisted atomic layer deposition of crystalline III‐nitride thin films and nanostructures
Authors: Ozgit‐Akgun Cagla , Goldenberg Eda , Bolat Sami , Tekcan Burak , Kayaci Fatma , Uyar Tamer , Okyay Ali Kemal , Biyikli Necmi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHollow cathode plasma‐assisted atomic layer deposition (HCPA‐ALD) is a promising technique for obtaining III‐nitride thin films with low impurity concentrations at low temperatures. Here we report our previous and current efforts on the development of HCPA‐ALD processes for III‐nitrides together with the properties of resulting thin films and nanostructures. The content further includes nylon 6,6‐GaN core‐shell nanofibers, proof‐of‐concept thin film transistors and UV photodetectors fabricated using HCPA‐ALD‐grown GaN layers, as well as InN thin films deposited by HCPA‐ALD using cyclopentadienyl indium and trimethylindium precursors. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulation of the stress state of GaN‐AlN based epitaxial devices
Authors: Kumar Arun , Iyer Ganesh , Subramaniam Anandh 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe stress state plays an important role in the performance of GaN‐AlN based multilayer epitaxial devices and their degradation with time. The stress state arises due to the superposition of stresses originating from multiple sources: (i) thermal mismatch, (ii) epitaxial growth, (iii) low angle grain boundaries (threading dislocations) and (iv) interfacial misfit edge dislocations. The current investigation pertains to the plane strain linear elastic finite element simulation of the stress state of a model GaN‐AlN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) device on a Si substrate, taking into account the above‐mentioned sources of stresses. The value of stresses arising from grain boundary dislocations corresponds to the experimental results and imposed as tractions in the numerical model, while the other stresses are modelled using eigenstrains in appropriate regions in the finite element domain. A ten step simulation strategy is developed to simulate the stress state of the entire HEMT device. It is seen that: (i) the AlN layers are under tensile stress, (ii) the embedded GaN layers are under compressive stress, (iii) the GaN layer between source and drain is under tensile stress, (iv) the AlGaN layer is under tensile stress, (v) the source and the drain are mostly in tensile stress, while the gate is nearly stress‐free. The AlGaN and GaN layers (close to the source and drain) are under tensile stress (by considerations of pure epitaxy these are expected to be under compression). The critical thickness for the stability of a misfit edge dislocation at the AlN‐GaN interface is computed using the simulations. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improved GaN films with low background doping and low deep trap density grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Polyakov Alexander , Smirnov Nikolai , Govorkov Anatoli , Kozhukhova Elena , Yugova Tatiana , Usikov Alexander , Helava Heikki , Makarov Yuri 
Published: March 2015

AbstractElectrical properties and deep electron and hole traps spectra are compared for undoped n‐GaN films grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) on sapphire substrates at 850 °C (Group 1) and 950 °C (Group 2). Group 1 samples have very low residual donor concentration ((2‐5)×1014 cm‐3), very low density of electron and hole traps, low leakage current of Schottky diodes. Group 2 samples are not very different from the usual thick HVPE samples in terms of predominant electron and hole traps and MCL spectra. But the concentration of both electron and hole traps is quite high and could contribute to rather high reverse leakage current, low photocurrent and pronounced tunneling. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effects of Al on the neutral Mg acceptor impurity in AlxGa1‐xN
Authors: Sunay U. R. , Zvanut M. E. , Allerman A. A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractHigh hole concentrations in AlxGa1‐xN become increasingly difficult to obtain as the concentration of Al increases. It is well known in GaN and related alloys that hole concentration is directly affected by compensation and extended defects. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we studied the amount of neutral Mg in AlxGa1‐xN with x = 0 to 0.28. 0.4‐0.9 μm thick Mg‐doped AlxGa1‐xN films were grown by metal‐organic chemical vapour deposition and annealed at 900 °C anneal in N2. EPR measurements indicate that the amount of neutral Mg decreased by 60% in AlxGa1‐xN films for x = 0.18 and 0.28 as compared to x=0.00 and 0.08. Experiments also showed that the lower neutral Mg for higher Al compositions trend did not depend on threading dislocation densities in the range of 3‐20x109 cm‐2, capping the surface with 5 nm of P+ GaN, or detailed annealing conditions. Additional studies show that oxygen and carbon concentrations are insufficient to account for the decrease in neutral Mg observed in the samples. Although the study cannot isolate the cause for the decrease in neutral Mg, the results clearly demonstrate that the acceptor concentration decreases with increasing Al, providing an additional limitation to achieving high hole densities. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Excision and Patch Grafting of a Lateral Peyronie's Plaque—Utilizing a Longitudinal “Window” Approach
Authors: Lue Kathy , Emtage Justin B. , Martinez Daniel R. , Yang Christopher , Carrion Rafael 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Peyronie's disease (PD) is a debilitating disorder in which collagen deposition, fibrosis, and plaques in the tunica albuginea result in penile curvature, shortening, and pain. For severe curvatures requiring plaque incision or excision with grafting (PIEG), a subcoronal circumcising incision with penile degloving has historically been used.

Aims
The aim of this study was to report our unique approach to PIEG via a longitudinal “window” incision for the correction of PD, minimizing the surgical manipulation and dissection accompanying the traditional circumcising incisional approach that may lead to increased postoperative edema, pain, and prolonged healing time.

Methods
A patient presented with a stable, painless, 90-degree midshaft leftward curvature causing penetration difficulties and painful intercourse for his partner. His Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) score was 23. The patient opted for surgical correction with plaque excision and grafting via a 4-cm longitudinal incision overlying the point of maximal curvature along the left lateral penile shaft. This direct access to the left corpus cavernosum and plaque, along with dissecting skin, dartos, and Buck's fascia, created a window with sufficient exposure for excision and patch grafting.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measures were objective data and subjective data in men undergoing PIEG via lateral longitudinal “window” incision for PD repair.

Results
The plaque was excised and a porcine small intestinal submucosa graft was sewn in. Intraoperative artificial tumescence at the end of surgery revealed complete correction of the curvature. The patient experienced painless rigid erections by postoperative day three with minimal penile edema. By postoperative week four, he could successfully partake in coitus. His SHIM score remained unchanged. At maximum follow-up 6 months postoperatively, he still endorsed excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes with spontaneous unassisted erections and no recurrence of his curvature.

Conclusion
A lateral longitudinal incision for PIEG is a feasible technique and may reduce the postoperative morbidity and dissection required with traditional circumcising incision with penile degloving. Larger comparative studies are necessary for further evaluation.
The Sixth Pillar of Reading Instruction
Authors: Cervetti Gina N. , Hiebert Elfrieda H. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe National Reading Panel (NRP) identified five pillars, or essential components, of reading instruction that lead to the highest chance of reading success—phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension. A decade after the NRP's report, the majority of US states adopted the Common Core State Standards/English Language Arts & Literacy (CCSS/ELA). One of the most significant changes of the CCSS/ELA is a focus on knowledge development as part of literacy development and focus on the acquisition of literacy skills specific to different disciplines. In highlighting these connections between ELA and knowledge as part of literacy, the CCSS/ELA provide an opportunity for teachers to emphasize what research has validated for decades: that knowledge is a critical component of the reading process. In this column, we describe why knowledge development should be viewed as the sixth pillar of reading instruction and how teachers can increase their students’ knowledge building through reading.
Water Molecules in Hydrotalcite‐like Layered Double Hydroxides: Interplay between the Hydration of the Anions and the Metal Hydroxide Layer
Authors: Marappa Shivanna , Vishnu Kamath P. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLayered double hydroxides comprise positively charged metal hydroxide layers and intercalated anions. These materials are obtained from aqueous medium both in nature and in the laboratory. Consequently the layered double hydroxides include a considerable amount of water. The presented study was designed to determine the proportion of water associated with the hydration sphere of the anion as opposed to that of the metal hydroxide slab. Among the two differently bound water species observed in all layered double hydroxides, the weakly bound water is associated with the metal hydroxide layer and is lost at 100 °C, whereas the strongly bound water is in the hydration sphere of the anion and is lost at higher temperatures (100 °C ≤ T ≤ 250 °C). This is in contrast to the better known cationic clays, wherein all the intercalated water is generally found to be in the hydration sphere of the cations. Further the water molecules in layered double hydroxides also bond to each other, leading to the incorporation of water in excess of what is predicted by the Miyata formula (Miyata, 1975) based on crystal chemical considerations. The excess water is one of the reasons for the poor crystallinity of layered hydroxides.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Optical, Magnetic and Thermal Properties of (NH4)2Mn[B2P3O11(OH)2]Cl
Authors: Förg Katharina , Höppe Henning A. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract(NH4)2MnII[B2P3O11(OH)2]Cl was synthesized as a crystalline colorless powder by reaction of MnCl2, (NH4)2HPO4, H3BO3, and H3PO4 under hydrothermal conditions at 180 °C. According to X‐ray single‐crystal investigations (NH4)2Mn[B2P3O11(OH)2]Cl crystallizes in a new structure type in the monoclinic space group P21/n (no. 14) [Z = 4, a = 905.24(3), b = 847.29(3), c = 1652.32(5) pm, β = 92.303(1)°, R1 = 0.025, wR2 = 0.063, 2227 data, 229 parameters]. The crystal structure comprises infinite layers of corner‐sharing borate, hydroxo‐borate phosphate, and hydroxo‐phosphate tetrahedra with Mn2+, NH4+, and Cl– ions in‐between. The loop‐branched (lB) vierer‐single layer reveals an open‐branched (oB) vierer‐single ring as a novel fundamental building unit (FBU) 2∞[B2P3Φ13] (Φ = O, OH). The Mn atom is coordinated slightly distorted octahedrally by five oxygen atoms from two different borophosphate layers and one chlorine atom. Amongst others the magnetic properties of the compound are presented confirming that the compound obeys Curie's law.
When do relative prices matter for measuring income inequality? The case of food prices in Mozambique
Authors: Arndt Channing , Jones Sam , Salvucci Vincenzo 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Changes in relative prices of commodities consumed in different shares across income groups can be expected to alter real income differentials between these groups. Using Mozambican household budget survey and price data from 2002/03 and 2008/09, we show that once relative price increases are accounted for, inequality of real consumption increases substantially. We obtain this result by constructing a price deflator that reflects divergent price dynamics of different product categories. Since the main factors driving this result prevail in other developing countries, it is likely that inequality may be underestimated elsewhere.
Modelling Trends in Ordered Correspondence Analysis Using Orthogonal Polynomials
Authors: Lombardo Rosaria , Beh Eric J. , Kroonenberg Pieter M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe core of the paper consists of the treatment of two special decompositions for correspondence analysis of two-way ordered contingency tables: the bivariate moment decomposition and the hybrid decomposition, both using orthogonal polynomials rather than the commonly used singular vectors. To this end, we will detail and explain the basic characteristics of a particular set of orthogonal polynomials, called Emerson polynomials. It is shown that such polynomials, when used as bases for the row and/or column spaces, can enhance the interpretations via linear, quadratic and higher-order moments of the ordered categories. To aid such interpretations, we propose a new type of graphical display—the polynomial biplot.