bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants status in human malignant and non-malignant thyroid tumours
Authors: Stanley JA , Neelamohan R , Suthagar E , Vengatesh G , Jayakumar J , Chandrasekaran M , Banu SK , Aruldhas MM 
Published: August 2015

Introduction: Thyroid epithelial cells produce moderate amounts of reactive oxygen species that are physiologically required for thyroid hormone synthesis. Nevertheless, when they are produced in excessive amounts, they may become toxic. Objective: The present study is aimed to compare the lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant enzymes – superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and non-protein thiols (reduced glutathione (GSH)) in human thyroid tissues with malignant and non-malignant disorders. Design and Methods: The study used human thyroid tissues and blood samples from 157 women (147 diseased and 10 normal). Thyroid hormones, oxidative stress markers and antioxidants were estimated by standard methods. Results: LPO significantly increased in most of the papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC: 82.9%) and follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA: 72.9%) tissues, whilst in a majority of nodular goitre (69.2%) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT: 73.7%) thyroid tissues, it remained unaltered. GSH increased in PTC (55.3%), remained unaltered in FTA (97.3%) and all other goiter samples studied. SOD increased in PTC (51.1%) and all other malignant thyroid tissues studied. CAT remained unaltered in PTC (95.7%), FTA (97.3%) and all other non-malignant samples (HT, MNG, TMNG) studied. GPx increased in PTC (63.8%), all other malignant thyroid tissues and remained unaltered in many of the FTA (91.9%) tissues and all other non-malignant samples (HT, MNG, TMNG) studied. Conclusions: In the case of non-malignant thyroid tumours, the oxidant–antioxidant balance was undisturbed, whilst in malignant tumours the balance was altered, and the change in r value observed in the LPO and SOD pairs between normal and PTC tissues and also in many pairs with multi-nodular goitre (MNG)/toxic MNG tissues may be used as a marker to differentiate/detect different malignant/non-malignant thyroid tumours.
Initiation and preliminary evaluation of an oncology pharmacy training course for staff pharmacists
Authors: Saylor Matthew S , Blanchette Lisa M , Smith Morgan B , Cambron Katie , Andricopulos Katie , Brown M Jay 
Published: August 2015

Introduction There is currently a disparity between oncology pharmacy job openings and PGY2 trained pharmacists completing residency training each year. As a result, pharmacists without specialized training in oncology are filling much needed oncology positions and may need on-the-job oncology training. To improve oncology knowledge among non-PGY2 trained pharmacists working in oncology positions, Novant Health coordinated an Oncology Pharmacy Training Course (OPTC). Objectives The primary objective was to assess efficacy of the OPTC through evaluation of post-intervention oncology knowledge. Secondary objectives included efficacy of each lecture, assessment of knowledge improvement in those with and without residency or chemotherapy training, and assessment of satisfaction with the OPTC. Methods This was a prospective, cohort study. All pharmacists expressing interest in the OPTC were included unless PGY2 oncology residency trained or Board-Certified in Oncology Pharmacy (BCOP). Participants were invited to attend twice monthly lectures and were evaluated using questionnaires at baseline, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Results At the 3-month evaluation, 29 pharmacists completed the per-protocol evaluation. Knowledge scores increased from a mean of 29.6% to 52.2% ( p < 0.01). Ten participants were chemotherapy trained. Baseline knowledge scores were slightly higher in the chemotherapy-trained than training naïve participants (mean 42.5% vs. 27.4%). Both groups experienced significantly improved knowledge scores at 3 months (mean 59% and 48.1% respectively, p < 0.01). Discussion Implementation of a formalized OPTC can improve oncology knowledge among staff pharmacists in a community hospital system. This improvement in knowledge is consistent regardless of baseline chemotherapy training.
Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Tendinous Knee Extensor Mechanism Injuries
Authors: Ibounig T. , Simons T. A. 
Published: August 2015

Background and Aims: Quadriceps and patella tendon ruptures are uncommon injuries often resulting from minor trauma typically consisting of an eccentric contraction of the quadriceps muscle. Since rupture of a healthy tendon is very rare, such injuries usually represent the end stage of a long process of chronic tendon degeneration and overuse. This review aims to give an overview of the current understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnostic principles, and recommended treatment protocols as supported by the literature and institutional experience. Material and Methods: A non-systematic review of the current literature on the subject was conducted and reflected against the current practice in our level 1 trauma center. Results and Conclusion: Risk factors for patella and quadriceps tendon rupture include increasing age, repetitive micro-trauma, genetic predisposition, and systemic diseases, as well as certain medications. Diagnosis is based on history and clinical findings, but can be complemented by ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging. Accurate diagnosis at an early stage is of utmost importance since delay in surgical repair of over 3 weeks results in significantly poorer outcomes. Operative treatment of acute ruptures yields good clinical results with low complication rates. Use of longitudinal transpatellar drill holes is the operative method of choice in the majority of acute cases. In chronic ruptures, tendon augmentation with auto- or allograft should be considered. Postoperative treatment protocols in the literature range from early mobilization with full weight bearing to cast immobilization for up to 12 weeks. Respecting the biology of tendon healing, we advocate the use of a removable knee splint or orthotic with protected full weight bearing and limited passive mobilization for 6 weeks.
Effects of non-surgical factors on digital replantation survival rate: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Z. , Guo F. , Qi J. , Xiang W. , Zhang J. 
Published: August 2015

This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors affecting survival rate of digital replantation by a meta-analysis. A computer retrieval of MEDLINE, OVID, EMBASE, and CNKI databases was conducted to identify citations for digital replantation with digit or finger or thumb or digital or fingertip and replantation as keywords. RevMan 5.2 software was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios. In total, there were 4678 amputated digits in 2641 patients. Gender and ischemia time had no significant influence on the survival rate of amputation replantation ( P > 0.05). Age, injured hand, injury type, zone, and the method of preservation the amputated digit significantly influence the survival rate of digital replantation ( P < 0.05). Children, right hand, crush, or avulsion and little finger are the risk factors that adversely affect the outcome. The level of evidence: Level 5*.
Enriching some recent coincidence theorems for nonlinear contractions in ordered metric spaces
Authors: Alam Aftab , Khan Qamrul Haq , Imdad Mohammad 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this article, we generalize some frequently used metrical notions such as: completeness, continuity, g-continuity, and compatibility to order-theoretic setting especially in ordered metric spaces besides introducing some new notions such as: the ICC property, DCC property, MCC property etc. and utilize these relatively weaker notions to prove some coincidence theorems for g-increasing Boyd-Wong type contractions which enrich some recent results due to Alam et al. (Fixed Point Theory Appl. 2014:216, 2014).
Treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in children at the modern stage: the main problems and achievements
Authors: Касохова  , Kasokhova V. , Фидарова  , Fidarova A. , Касохов  , Kasokhov Timofey , Хубаева  , Khubaeva I 
Published: August 2015

The informations about current opportunities therapy of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in children is presented in this review. Their assessment on the basis of the results of various studies carried out on the principles of evidence medicine was performed. The main achievements and problems in the treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia were revealed. The information about the principles of effective respiratory support, the principles of systemic and inhaled
corticosteroids use, about the prospects for the late appointment of surfactant in children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, etc. was presented. The questions of prevention and treatment of infectious complications of bronchopulmonary dysplasia were highlighted. The prospects of the therapy of this disease in children were determined.
Segmental colonic length and mobility
Authors: Phillips M , Patel A , Meredith P , Will O , Brassett C 
Published: August 2015

Introduction Locoregional variation in the human colon is important in surgical practice; the length and mobility of different colonic regions impacts on laparoscopic and endoscopic colorectal procedures. The aim of this study was to refine anatomical understanding of the colon in terms of segmental length and mobility. Methods The colons of 35 cadavers were examined to determine lengths of caecum as well as ascending, transverse, descending and rectosigmoid colon, and to characterise colonic mobility at each location in terms of the mesenteric attachments. The presence of Jackson’s membrane (a congenital peritoneal band of the right colon) was also documented. Results The mean total colonic length was 131.2cm (standard deviation [SD]: 13.4cm). There was no correlation with height, age or sex; the best predictor of total colonic length was the length of the rectosigmoid segment. The mean height of the transverse mesocolon was 7.4cm (SD: 3.6cm) and that of the sigmoid mesocolon was 6.3cm (SD: 2.6cm). Two-thirds of the subjects had a mobile portion of the ascending colon and nearly one-third had a mobile descending colon. A mobile ascending colon was significantly more common in females. Jackson’s membrane was present in 66% of the subjects. Conclusions This cadaveric study suggests that rectosigmoid length accounts for most of the variability in total colonic length. The significant proportion of colons with mobility of the ascending and descending segments prompts revision of the traditional anatomical teaching of these segments as fixed and retroperitoneal. Mobility of the ascending colon may account for the anecdotal finding that colonoscopy is more challenging in female patients. Jackson’s membrane was identified in most colons.
Evaluating the British sarcoma referral form
Authors: Smolle MA , Leithner A , Grimer RJ 
Published: August 2015

Introduction This study investigated the accuracy of general practitioner (GP) referrals under the two-week wait pathway for soft tissue sarcomas and whether the current National Institute for Health and Care Excellence criteria should be refined. Methods All patients referred under the two-week wait system to one centre over the course of one year were reviewed. Comparison was made between the criteria identified by the GP and those confirmed by the centre to assess the accuracy of the referrals, and to identify what criteria predicted malignancy. Results Overall, 135 patients were referred to our unit with a mean age of 56.4 years. Of these, 45 (33%) were found to have a malignant tumour. Factors identified by the GP were accurate in 74% of cases. The best predictor of malignancy was ‘size >5cm’ (76% sensitivity) while ‘pain’ was the least useful (27% sensitivity). Lowering the threshold for concern to a size of >4cm increased sensitivity to 89%. Although 106 patients had undergone some form of imaging prior to referral, this did not increase the likelihood of malignancy being detected. The combination of factors most likely to predict malignancy was a size of >5cm, increase in size, deep location and no pain (10 out of 13 referrals, 77% accuracy). Conclusions Based on the results of this study, we recommend an adaption of the existing features for concern. The new feature for concern should be ‘size >4cm’ and the factor ‘pain’ should be removed from the urgent referral form.
Routine versus selective histological examination after cholecystectomy to exclude incidental gallbladder carcinoma
Authors: Emmett CD , Barrett P , Gilliam AD , Mitchell AI 
Published: August 2015

Introduction Gallstone disease is treated commonly with cholecystectomy. Malignant disease of the gallbladder may present similarly and has a poor prognosis. It is common for cholecystectomy specimens to be sent for histological examination to exclude malignancy. However, the incidence of incidental gallbladder carcinoma (IGBC) is low and it has therefore been suggested that macroscopic inspection of the gallbladder by the surgeon, followed by selective histological examination of abnormal specimens, may be safe and cost saving. Methods All cholecystectomies performed between 1 May 2003 and 1 September 2009 were identified from clinical coding. Pathology records were used to identify gallbladder malignancies; these were searched manually to identify IGBC. Pathology reports and case notes were cross-referenced to determine whether there were macroscopic abnormalities present. Annual cost savings were estimated by comparing the number of gallbladder specimens over one year (May 2013 – April 2014) with the total number of cholecystectomies performed in that time. Results Of 4,776 cholecystectomies identified, 12 (0.25%) were cases of IGBC. These cases had a higher median age (68 vs 54 years, p<0.001) and a higher proportion were emergency operations (50% vs 12%, p<0.001). All cases had some form of macroscopic abnormality, most commonly wall thickening (n=6, 50%). Only two cases (17%) had a visible tumour present. Conclusions All cases of IGBC in this study had a macroscopically abnormal gallbladder. Our findings suggest it is safe to adopt a selective approach to histological examination. Savings of almost £20,500 per annum have been achieved.
SUSTENTABILIDADE SOCIOAMBIENTAL EM IES: DIAGNOSTICAR PARA CONHECER E AVANÇAR
Authors: Baldin Nelma , Carletto Denise Lemke 
Published: August 2015

<p>O presente artigo trata da questão da ambientalização curricular nas Instituições de Ensino Superior e de como a questão da sustentabilidade ambiental é tratada nessas instituições. Em vista dessa argumentação, objetiva apresentar os resultados de um diagnóstico da sustentabilidade ambiental na Universidade da Região de Joinville (Univille), localizada na cidade de Joinville – na região nordeste do Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. O estudo ocorreu no âmbito do Projeto <em>Definición de indicadores de evaluación de la sustentabilidad en Universidades Latinoamericanas</em> – conhecido como Projeto da RISU, desenvolvido entre 2013 e 2014. Os caminhos metodológicos utilizados para a aplicação desta pesquisa, na Univille, seguiram todas as etapas estipuladas pelo Projeto da RISU, aplicando-se um questionário - <em>survey</em> - às pessoas que na instituição exercem funções que envolvem as questões da sustentabilidade institucional. Os dados coletados mostraram que, embora política de sustentabilidade da Univille ainda não esteja definida e divulgada institucionalmente, de certa forma a universidade direciona suas ações e atua com enfoque socioambiental nas esferas de ensino, pesquisa, extensão e gestão.</p>
Directional sensitivity of differential pressure sensors of gas velocity used in manual gravimetric measurements of dust emissions from stationary sources / Czułość kierunkowa różnicowo-ciśnieniowych czujników prędkości gazu stosowanych w manualnych pomiarach grawimetrycznych emisji zanieczyszczeń pyłowych ze źródeł stacjonarnych
Authors: Szulikowski Jerzy , Kateusz Przemysław 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Manual measurements of distribution of gas velocity in conduits of flue gas installations using systems with differential pressure sensors of velocity are often performed for the requirements of determining emissions of dust pollutants from industrial process plants to the atmosphere. The aim is to determine an axial velocity profile. Flows in measuring sections are not always coaxial along the run of the duct; they are characterized by different directions of the velocity vector at various measuring points. The determination of actual directions of vectors of local velocities giving a guarantee of an accurate calculation of the axial velocity is often not possible from the technical point of view and the measurement of the velocity is carried out with the parallel setting of the sensor head in relation to the axis and the walls of the conduit. Then the knowledge of the directional sensitivity of the applied velocity sensor allows either to eliminate the axial velocity measurement error or to take it into account by the uncertainty of this measurement. For specific situations of two-dimensional variation of direction of the velocity vector, the directional sensitivity characteristics and in consequence the characteristics of error have been determined for three sensors adopted to tests: a zero pressure dust sampling probe with the anemometric function as an element of the gravimetric dust sampler and comparatively - two commonly used Pitot tubes: types S and L.
Duckweed does not improve the efficiency of municipal wastewater treatment in lemna system plants / Rzęsa nie poprawia efektywności oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych w oczyszczalniach typu Lemna System
Authors: Ozimek Teresa , Dąbrowski Wojciech , Florkiewicz Maria 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study investigated the operation of three full-scale Lemna System surface fl ow municipal wastewater treatment plants, built according to the Lemna Corporation design. These plants consist of two ponds, the first aerated and the second for duckweed, with a barrier grid in the latter to ensure uniform plant distribution across its area. According to designers duckweed improves the efficiency of wastewater treatment. The three treatment plants are situated in central Poland and they differ in the occurrence of duckweed, two of them, located in Raków and Bąkowiec, operate without duckweed. and the third in Falęcin Stary, Lemna minor covers ca. 90% of second pond surface. The efficiency of Lemna System wastewater treatment was found not to differ between the plants with and without duckweed. The aerated pond played the main role in reduction of pollutants in the investigated Lemna Systems
Identification of processes controlling chemical composition of pit lakes waters located in the eastern part of Muskau Arch (Polish-German borderland) / Identyfikacja procesów kształtujących skład chemiczny wód zbiorników zlokalizowanych na obszarach pogórniczych we wschodniej części Łuku Mużakowa (pogranicze polsko-niemieckie)
Authors: Lutyńska Sylwia , Labus Krzysztof 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Exploitation of lignite within the area of Muskau Arch, carried out from the mid-nineteenth century, contributed to the transformation of the natural environment and changes in water regime. In the post-mining subsidences pit lakes were formed. The chemical composition of waters is a consequence of the intensive weathering of pyrite (FeS2), which is present in Miocene lignite-bearing rock forming the embankments of the lakes. This process leads to the formation of Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) and finally acidification of lake waters.
This paper presents results of the identification of hydrogeochemical processes affecting the chemistry of waters from these reservoirs carried out using the speciation and statistical (cluster and factor) analyses. Cluster analysis allowed to separate from the analyzed group of anthropogenic reservoirs 7 subgroups characterized by a similar chemical composition of waters. The major processes affecting the chemistry of waters were identified and interpreted with help of factor and speciation analysis of two major parameters (iron and sulfur).
Magneto Convection in a Layer of Nanofluid With Soret Effect
Authors: Chand Ramesh , Rana Gian Chand 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Double diffusive convection in a horizontal layer of nanofluid in the presence of uniform vertical magnetic field with Soret effect is investigated for more realistic boundary conditions. The flux of volume fraction of nanoparticles is taken to be zero on the isothermal boundaries. The normal mode method is used to find linear stability analysis for the fluid layer. Oscillatory convection is ruled out because of the absence of the two opposing buoyancy forces. Graphs have been plotted to find the effects of various parameters on the stationary convection and it is found that magnetic field, solutal Rayleigh number and nanofluid Lewis number stabilizes fluid layer, while Soret effect, Lewis number, modified diffusivity ratio and nanoparticle Rayleigh number destabilize the fluid layer.
Application of Analytical Solution for Extended Surfaces on Curved and Squared Ribs
Authors: Brestovič Tomáš , Jasminská Natália , Lázár Marián 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The presented article discusses how to increase heat transfer through ribbed surfaces and it is oriented to the mathematical representation of temperature fields and the total thermal flow. The complexity of solving for some types of ribs with variable cross-section requires the application of numerical methods, which are applied consequently to the planar rib as well. In this case there was chosen the finite- difference method (FDM). During solution of the cylindrical ribs the FDM method is preferably used directly with regard to the complexity of solving for infinite sums and improper integrals in Bessel functions. In conclusion is assessed the application suitability of the calculation procedure applied to curved ribs. This procedure is usually used to planar ribs. At the same time it is pointed out the possibility of using this method for calculation of the total thermal flow through cylindrical ribs, which have got the squared form.
Friction-Induced Oscillations of a Non-Asbestos Organic Pin Sliding on a Steel Disc
Authors: Nosko Oleksii , Nagamine Takuo , Mori Hiroki , Sato Yuichi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Friction-induced oscillations result in deterioration of performance of disc brakes and are generally undesired. We conduct experimental study of friction-induced oscillations in a non-asbestos organic material / steel pair used in disc brakes of motor vehicles. The tests are done by use of a pin-on-disc machine in which the pin sample is supported on a deformable beam. The adjustable friction parameters are the disc velocity, contact pressure and temperature. The tests show that the friction coefficient decreases with the sliding velocity and increases with the temperature. The friction-induced tangential oscillation of the pin sample occurs with a frequency equal to the first natural frequency of the beam. The effects of the disc velocity and temperature on the oscillation characteristics are investigated. The oscillation amplitude increases with the disc velocity on the interval of velocities below 2 m/s. Temperature changes of several tens of degrees Celsius lead to the oscillation occurrence / decay. The obtained results can be useful for prognostication of friction-induced oscillations in disc brakes with non-asbestos organic pads.