bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Staged Double‐Layer Closure of Palatal Defects in 6 Dogs
Authors: Peralta Santiago , Nemec Ana , Fiani Nadine , Verstraete Frank J.M. 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveTo report a staged approach that includes selective dental extractions before definitive double‐layer hard palate defect closure in dogs.Study DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsDogs (n = 6) with a palatal defect.MethodsDogs had selective maxillary teeth extractions 4–8 weeks before definitive hard palate defect repair by double‐layer local full‐thickness mucosal flaps.ResultsAll palatal defects were considered complex. Complete hard palate closure was achieved after initial attempt in 3 dogs; 2 dogs had revision surgery before complete closure, and in 1 dog, closure failed and further treatment was declined. No complications or long‐term consequences were associated with selective dental extractions.ConclusionsSelective dental extractions before definitive surgical repair using mucosal flaps in a double‐layer approach is an effective alternative when treating complex hard palate defects in dogs.
Environmental Aquatic Resource Sensing: Basic Sciences, Business Education, and Outreach
Authors: Leff Laura G. , Bade Darren L. , Scaffidi Jonathan , Williamson Craig E. , Woolverton Chris 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFreshwater resources are critical features of the landscape and are threatened by many phenomena (e.g., eutrophication, invasive species, climate change, acid rain). The importance of fresh waters requires that scientists continually improve their tactics and technologies for broader understanding. Increasing use of automated sensors to collect environmental data creates a need for training of environmental scientists. In this paper, we present case studies based on a doctoral training program. For each case study presented, the goals and overall recommendations for adaptation to other programs are discussed. Case studies were selected based on recommendations of external evaluators of the program, the perceived value of the particular case study to the overall program, and the desire to provide case studies that were illustrative of the primary objectives of the project. We conclude that training of scientists in this area requires a consideration of the technology behind the sensors, proper usage of this technology, the technology development process, data management, and technology transfer. In addition to sensor‐specific attributes of our program, we also have gained insight into the process of professional development for graduate students and how students can work across disciplines and universities. Our key suggestion for achieving inter‐disciplinary training is to give students a common problem to tackle and the tools to do so. To ensure that these efforts are successful, identification of a group leader and provision of an opportunity for bonds and relationships to develop is vital.
Studying Nature In Situ: Immersive Education for Better Integrated Water Management
Authors: Dennison William , Oliver Peter 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe term immersive education is currently used in two educational areas – language education, which involves students being totally immersed in a language and its culture; and virtual education, where teachers use computers and simulation games to immerse learners in a virtual, computer‐generated environment that mimics a real‐world environment and allows learners to interact with it. This paper uses examples from university teaching practices in marine studies and coastal zone management to make a case for a third definition for immersive education in tertiary settings – educating water managers by immersing and guiding them through real‐world situations that involve understanding and managing water, biodiversity, catchments, and people, and the interactions between them. Immersive education of this third kind, and traditional tertiary education approaches such as lectures and demonstrations, are compared, and the advantages of immersive education are discussed. The examples from practice and discussion presented show immersive education as being experiential and real, process‐driven, trans‐disciplinary, collaborative, participatory, and active, encouraging critical thinking and a renegotiation of power in relationships between participants. Such immersive education develops passion and persuasive capacity in students, providing personal experiences that are memorable and potentially life‐changing. Challenges to immersive education in tertiary education, including lack of finances, teacher burn‐out, safety concerns, and inertia to maintain the status quo of traditional education, are highlighted, as are ways to overcome these.
New Lead‐Free (1 − x)(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–x(Bi0.5Na0.5)ZrO3 Ceramics with High Piezoelectricity
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Xiao Dingquan , Wu Jiagang , Xiao Min , Li Fangxu , Zhu Jianguo 
Published: January 2014

For enhancing the piezoelectric properties of ceramics (Bi0.5Na0.5)ZrO3 (BNZ) was used to partially substitute (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (KNN). The addition of BNZ changes the symmetry of KNN ceramics from orthorhombic to tetragonal, and finally to rhombohedral phase. A new phase boundary with both rhombohedral–orthorhombic and orthorhombic–tetragonal phase transitions near room temperature is identified for KNN–0.050BNZ ceramics, where optimum electrical properties were obtained: d33 = 360 pC/N, kp = 32.1%, εr = 1429, tanδ = 3.5%, and TC = 329°C. The results indicated a new method for designing high‐performance lead‐free piezoelectric materials.
Characterization of Nickel Ions in Nickel‐Doped Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia
Authors: Morrissey Amy , Tong Jianhua , Gorman Brian P. , Reimanis Ivar E. 
Published: January 2014

The distribution of Ni2+ ions in NiO‐doped 10YSZ powder is examined with Superconducting Quantum Interference Device magnetometry, a technique that is able to distinguish between randomly distributed Ni2+ ions in solid solution and ordered Ni2+ ions within NiO with high precision. Very high purity powders containing 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mol% NiO in 10YSZ (all levels below the solid solubility limit of NiO in 10YSZ) were made from acetate precursors and a modified EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)‐citrate synthesis method. The powders were calcined in air at either 873 or 1273 K. The 873 K calcination leads to single phase YSZ particles about 10 nm in diameter, and almost all of the NiO dopant exists in complete solid solution. The 1273 K calcination leads to a larger YSZ particle size (55–95 nm), and also to the formation and/or growth of NiO particles, the amount of which depends on the length of time of calcination. Upon sintering the powders in air (1773 K, 1 h), the NiO dissolves back into 10YSZ. The results demonstrate that particle growth during calcination leads to the exsolution of Ni2+ ions to form NiO. This has important implications for the synthesis of NiO‐doped 10YSZ from chemical precursors.
Species distribution models and mitochondrial DNA phylogeography suggest an extensive biogeographical shift in the high‐intertidal seaweed Pelvetia canaliculata
Authors: Neiva João , Assis Jorge , Fernandes Francisco , Pearson Gareth A. , Serrão Ester A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimSpecies distributions have been continuously adjusting to changing climatic conditions throughout the glacial–interglacial cycles. In the marine realm, evidence suggests that latitudinal range shifts, involving both spatial expansions and trailing‐edge contractions, may represent a common response to climatic oscillations. The biogeographical histories of coastal organisms, however, have been inferred primarily using molecular markers, potentially overlooking past range dynamics beyond contemporary rear edges. In this study we combined species distribution models (SDMs) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) data to investigate the biogeographical history of the high‐intertidal seaweed Pelvetia canaliculata. We investigated the hypotheses that its distribution is set by both marine and terrestrial climates and that its range has shifted northwards since the Last Glacial Maximum.LocationNorth‐eastern Atlantic intertidal from Portugal to Norway.MethodsIn total, 432 individuals at 27 sites covering the extant range of Pelvetia canaliculata were sampled and sequenced for a c. 500 bp mtDNA intergenic spacer. A niche model was developed using marine and terrestrial variables. Range dynamics were reconstructed based on the geographical patterns of genetic variation and on the SDM projections for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the present.ResultsThe best distribution models incorporated both marine and terrestrial variables. LGM projections revealed suitable habitat between southern Morocco and the periglacial shorelines of the Celtic Sea. Pelvetia canaliculata exhibited a highly structured phylogeography, being subdivided into three largely disjunct lineages, two of them endemic to Iberia. The central/northern European lineage exhibited the highest haplotypic diversity and showed a consistent decline in nucleotide diversity and haplotypic richness at higher latitudes.Main conclusionsAssuming species/climate equilibrium, SDMs supported the hypothesis of a post‐glacial latitudinal range shift. Molecular variation revealed contrasting demographic behaviours in Iberian and periglacial regions. In Iberia the low haplotypic diversity suggested complex range dynamics that are not fully captured by SDM projections. Periglacial regions, identified as the source of poleward colonization, were inferred to have been comparatively more stable. Greater attention should be paid to marine range dynamics at low‐latitude range margins, particularly in genetically structured low‐dispersal species exhibiting southern endemic variation.
Long‐term analysis of osseointegrated implants in non‐smoker patients with a previous history of periodontitis
Authors: Meyle Joerg , Gersok Gero , Boedeker Rolf‐Hasso , Gonzales José Roberto 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAimTo evaluate long‐term clinical and radiographic parameters of osseointegrated implants in non‐smoker patients with a previous history of chronic periodontitis.Materials and MethodsFifty‐four screw‐type implants with a moderately roughened surface and internal hexagonal implant–abutment connection were placed according to a two‐phase protocol and 40 reference teeth were analysed at baseline, and after 5 and 10 years. Pocket probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing were analysed 6x/tooth in all teeth, implants and reference teeth. Radiographic peri‐implant bone level was measured on the mesial and distal surfaces. The prevalence of peri‐implantitis and the survival rate of the implants were assessed at the patient and implant levels. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Mann–Whitney U‐test, and Wald Z‐test, at α = 5%.ResultsIn implants, the CAL at 5 years was 0.3 mm higher, and at 10 years 1.2 mm higher in comparison to baseline. The corresponding data for the reference teeth were 0 mm and 0.5 mm respectively. Multilevel testing showed statistical difference for PPD between implants and teeth over time. After 10 years, the mean mesial bone loss was 0.63 ± 0.26 mm, and the mean distal bone loss was 0.56 ± 0.25. The survival rates were 100% and 92.3% for the implants in the mandible and the implants in the maxilla respectively.ConclusionsScrew‐type implants with internal hexagon placed in patients with a previous history of periodontitis attending a regular maintenance programme demonstrated stable clinical and radiographic results after 5 and 10 years.
In vitro quantitative and relative gene expression analysis of pancreatic transcription factors Pdx‐1, Ngn‐3, Isl‐1, Pax‐4, Pax‐6 and Nkx‐6.1 in trans‐differentiated human hepatic progenitors
Authors: Vishwakarma Sandeep Kumar , Rahamathulla Syed , Bardia Avinash , Tiwari Santosh K , Srinivas Gunda , Raj Avinash , Tripura Chaturvedula , Sandhya Annamaneni , Habeeb Mohammed Aejaz , Khan Aleem A , Pande Gopal , Reddy K Pratap , Reddy P Yugandhar 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionDiabetes is a major health concern throughout the world because of its increasing prevalence in epidemic proportions. β‐Cell deterioration in the pancreas is a crucial factor for the progression of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, the restoration of β‐cell mass and its function is of vital importance for the development of effective therapeutic strategies and most accessible cell sources for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsHuman fetuses (12–20 weeks gestation age) were used to isolate human hepatic progenitor cells (hHPCs) from fetal liver using a two‐step collagenase digestion method. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule‐positive (EpCAM+ve)‐enriched hHPCs were cultured in vitro and induced with 5–30 mmol/L concentration of glucose for 0–32 h. Pdx‐1 expression and insulin secretion was analyzed using immunophenotypic and chemifluorescence assays, respectively. Relative gene expression was quantified in induced hHPCs, and compared with uninduced and pancreatic cells to identify the activated transcription factors (Pdx‐1, Ngn‐3, Isl‐1, Pax‐4, Pax‐6 and Nkx‐6.1) involved in β‐cell production.ResultsEpCAM+ve cells derived from human fetal liver showed high in vitro trans‐differentiation potential towards the β‐cell phenotype with 23 mmol/L glucose induction after 24 h. The transcription factors showed eminent expression in induced cells. The expression level of transcription factors was found significantly high in 23 mmol/L‐induced hHPCs as compared with the uninduced cells.ConclusionsThe present study has shown an exciting new insight into β‐cell development from hHPCs trans‐differentiation. Relative quantification of gene expression in trans‐differentiated cells offers vast possibility for the production of a maximum number of functionally active pancreatic β‐cells for a future cure of diabetes.
Rare eclogite‐mafic granulite in felsic granulite in Blanský les: precursor of intermediate granulite in the Bohemian Massif?
Authors: Štípská P. , Powell R. , Racek M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMafic granulite, generated from eclogite, occurs in felsic granulite at Kleť, Blanský les, in the Bohemian Massif. This is significant because such eclogite is very rare within the felsic granulite massifs. Moreover, at this locality, strong interaction has occurred between the mafic granulite and the adjacent felsic granulite producing intermediate granulite, such intermediate granulite being of enigmatic origin elsewhere. The mafic granulite involves garnet from the original eclogite, containing large idiomorphic inclusions of omphacite, plagioclase and quartz, as well as rutile. The edge of the garnet is replaced by a plagioclase corona, with the garnet zoned towards the corona and also the inclusions. The original omphacite–quartz–?plagioclase matrix has recrystallized to coarse‐grained polygonal (‘equilibrium’‐textured) plagioclase‐diopsidic clinopyroxene–orthopyroxene also with brown amphibole commonly in the vicinity of garnet. Somewhat larger quartz grains are embedded in this matrix, along with minor ilmenite, rutile and zircon. Combining the core garnet composition with core inclusion compositions gives a pressure of the order of 18 kbar from assemblage and isopleths on a P−T pseudosection, with temperature poorly constrained, but most likely >900 °C. From this P−T pseudosection, the recrystallization of the matrix took place at ~12 kbar, and from Zr‐in‐rutile thermometry, at relatively hot conditions of 900–950 °C. It is largely at these conditions that the eclogite/mafic granulite interacted with the felsic granulite to make intermediate granulite (see next paper).
Evidence that BDNF regulates heart rate by a mechanism involving increased brainstem parasympathetic neuron excitability
Authors: Wan Ruiqian , Weigand Letitia A. , Bateman Ryan , Griffioen Kathleen , Mendelowitz David , Mattson Mark P. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAutonomic control of heart rate is mediated by cardioinhibitory parasympathetic cholinergic neurons located in the brainstem and stimulatory sympathetic noradrenergic neurons. During embryonic development the survival and cholinergic phenotype of brainstem autonomic neurons is promoted by brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We now provide evidence that BDNF regulates heart rate by a mechanism involving increased brainstem cardioinhibitory parasympathetic activity. Mice with a BDNF haploinsufficiency exhibit elevated resting heart rate, and infusion of BDNF intracerebroventricularly reduces heart rate in both wild‐type and BDNF+/− mice. The atropine‐induced elevation of heart rate is diminished in BDNF+/− mice and is restored by BDNF infusion, whereas the atenolol‐induced decrease in heart rate is unaffected by BDNF levels, suggesting that BDNF signaling enhances parasympathetic tone which is diminished with BDNF haploinsufficiency. Whole‐cell recordings from pre‐motor cholinergic cardioinhibitory vagal neurons in the nucleus ambiguus indicate that BDNF haploinsufficiency reduces cardioinhibitory vagal neuron activity by increased inhibitory GABAergic and diminished excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission to these neurons. Our findings reveal a previously unknown role for BDNF in the control of heart rate by a mechanism involving increased activation of brainstem cholinergic parasympathetic neurons
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Mice with reduced BDNF levels exhibit elevated heart rate, and infusion of BDNF into the brain normalizes heart rate by a mechanism involving increased brainstem cardioinhibitory parasympathetic activity. Recordings from pre‐motor cholinergic cardioinhibitory vagal neurons (CVNs) in the nucleus ambiguus indicate that BDNF increases CVN activity by increasing excitatory glutamatergic and decreasing inhibitory GABAergic neurotransmission to these neurons. Perhaps factors that increase parasympathetic tone (e.g., exercise) reduce resting heart rate, in part, by a BDNF‐mediated mechanism.
Phosphorylation of the transcription factor Sp4 is reduced by NMDA receptor signaling
Authors: Saia Gregory , Lalonde Jasmin , Sun Xinxin , Ramos Belén , Gill Grace 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe regulation of transcription factor function in response to neuronal activity is important for development and function of the nervous system. The transcription factor Sp4 regulates the developmental patterning of dendrites, contributes to complex processes including learning and memory, and has been linked to psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Despite its many roles in the nervous system, the molecular mechanisms regulating Sp4 activity are poorly understood. Here, we report a site of phosphorylation on Sp4 at serine 770 that is decreased in response to membrane depolarization. Inhibition of the voltage‐dependent NMDA receptor increased Sp4 phosphorylation. Conversely, stimulation with NMDA reduced the levels of Sp4 phosphorylation, and this was dependent on the protein phosphatase 1/2A. A phosphomimetic substitution at S770 impaired the Sp4‐dependent maturation of cerebellar granule neuron primary dendrites, whereas a non‐phosphorylatable Sp4 mutant behaved like wild type. These data reveal that transcription factor Sp4 is regulated by NMDA receptor‐dependent activation of a protein phosphatase 1/2A signaling pathway. Our findings also suggest that the regulated control of Sp4 activity is an important mechanism governing the developmental patterning of dendrites.
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We show that the neuronal transcription factor Sp4, which regulates the developmental patterning of dendrites, is dephosphorylated at S770 in response to NMDA receptor signaling in cerebellar granule neurons and cortical neurons. Dephosphorylation required the activity of the PP1/PP2A phosphatase. A point mutation at S770 to a phosphomimetic aspartic acid residue impaired Sp4‐dependent pruning of cerebellar granule neuron primary dendrites.
Role of pelvic and para‐aortic lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer: Current evidence
Authors: Bogani Giorgio , Dowdy Sean C. , Cliby William A. , Ghezzi Fabio , Rossetti Diego , Mariani Andrea 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe aim of the present review is to summarize the current evidence on the role of pelvic and para‐aortic lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer. In 1988, the International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology recommended surgical staging for endometrial cancer patients. However, 25 years later, the role of lymph node dissection remains controversial. Although the findings of two large independent randomized trials suggested that pelvic lymphadenectomy provides only adjunctive morbidity with no clear influence on survival outcomes, the studies have many pitfalls that limit interpretation of the results. Theoretically, lymphadenectomy may help identify patients with metastatic dissemination, who may benefit from adjuvant therapy, thus reducing radiation‐related morbidity. Also, lymphadenectomy may eradicate metastatic disease. Because lymphatic spread is relatively uncommon, our main effort should be directed at identifying patients who may potentially benefit from lymph node dissection, thus reducing the rate of unnecessary treatment and associated morbidity. This review will discuss the role of lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer, focusing on patient selection, extension of the surgical procedure, postoperative outcomes, quality of life and costs. The need for new surgical studies and efficacious systemic drugs is recommended.
Bupropion effects on high-fat diet-induced steatohepatitis and endothelial dysfunction in rats: role of tumour necrosis factor-alpha
Authors: Ahmed Mai , El-Bakly Wesam M , Zaki Ahmed M , abd Alzez Lobna F , El serafi Osama 
Published: January 2014

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to elucidate the effect of bupropion (BUP) on high-fat diet (HFD)-treated rats that is to say the action of BUP on diabetes and hyperlipidemia with its consequences on liver and endothelial function.

Methods
Male Wistar rats were fed HFD or normal chow for 15 weeks then given either BUP (50 mg/kg) or distilled water by gavage for 4 weeks. The effect of BUP on diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hepatic and vascular functions as well as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-α were assessed. The intima-media thickness of the aorta was evaluated.

Key findings
BUP significantly decreased serum lipid, liver enzyme, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum TNF-α and the impaired glucose tolerance. Liver from rats with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) demonstrated significant higher TNF-α level, inflammatory cell infiltration, ballooning and steatosis which significantly ameliorated by BUP treatment. Neither intima/media ratio nor vascular reactivity to acetylcholine is improved by BUP treatment.

Conclusions
NASH induced by a HFD was associated with hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction and increase in liver TNF-α. All of these may contribute to the pathogenesis of NASH. BUP has potential role in improving metabolic and hepatic function with negative vascular effect. Since BUP is a well-known antidepressant, it will be a candidate drug in treatment of depression in hepatic diseased or metabolic disturbed patients.