bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro variables of buffy coat–derived platelet concentrates with residual plasma of down to 10% are stably maintained in new‐generation platelet additive solutions
Authors: Gravemann Ute , Volgmann Thorsten , Min Kyungyoon , Philipp Roman , Lambrecht Bernd , Müller Thomas H. , Seltsam Axel 
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUNDPlatelet additive solutions (PASs) facilitate plasma recovery and may reduce the risk of plasma‐associated adverse transfusion reactions. Whereas current apheresis techniques are able to produce platelet concentrates (PCs) with reduced residual plasma volumes, it is still technically challenging to prepare PCs with plasma levels less than 20% from whole blood. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of producing buffy coat (BC)‐derived platelets (PLTs) with as little as 10% residual plasma and to test the ability of PASs to preserve PLT quality under these conditions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA pool‐and‐split design was used to evaluate the in vitro quality of semiautomatically prepared BC‐derived PCs stored for 7 days in either SSP+ (PAS‐IIIM) or Intersol‐G (glucose‐containing PAS) with 10% to 30% residual plasma in three phases: 1) 30% plasma (SSP+, Intersol‐G), 2) 20 and 15% plasma (SSP+, Intersol‐G), and 3) 10% plasma (Intersol‐G).RESULTSThe different plasma‐reduced PAS‐PC types were comparable in volume, PLT concentration, and PLT yield and met all regulatory requirements. The in vitro quality variables of PLTs suspended in 20% or less residual plasma were comparable to those of PLTs stored in 30% plasma for both PAS types. PLT activation was slightly higher with SSP+ than with Intersol‐G. The quality of PCs suspended in Intersol‐G with 10% plasma was well maintained during storage.CONCLUSIONSPreparation of BC‐derived PCs with minimal plasma concentrations as low as 10% is feasible. Late‐generation PASs satisfactorily preserve the in vitro quality of such PCs during storage.
Short posterior ciliary artery anatomy in normal and acutely glaucomatous dogs
Authors: Fick Catherine M. , Dubielzig Richard R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the total number and luminal areas of the short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCA) surrounding the canine optic nerve at the level of the sclera/lamina cribrosa in normal dogs and compare this data to dogs with a history of acute (≤7 days) glaucoma.ProceduresTwelve normal globes were obtained through Harlan Laboratories, the UW‐Madison School of Veterinary Medicine necropsy service and via enucleation submissions to the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin (COPLOW). Ten globes with a history of acute glaucoma were obtained from submissions to the COPLOW. Optic nerves were cross‐sectioned in 20 micron steps, and five distinct levels were identified: the retinal nerve fiber layer; the retinal pigmented epithelium and neural canal opening; the choroid/pre‐lamina; the sclera/lamina cribrosa; and the retro‐lamina. At the level of the sclera/lamina cribrosa, SPCA profiles were counted and the luminal area was measured using Cell Sens software. Normal and glaucomatous globes were compared using ANOVA.ResultsStatistically significant smaller luminal areas and fewer numbers of arteries were recorded between normal and glaucomatous globes.ConclusionsThe glaucomatous eyes in this study have SPCA with decreased lumina, suggestive of a vascular pathology present at the early stages of clinical glaucoma. Smaller lumina may be a contributing factor to the ischemia, necrosis, and the eventual full‐thickness retinal atrophy often seen in glaucomatous dogs.
Effect of once daily topical 0.3% naltrexone on tear parameters and corneal sensitivity in dogs with uncontrolled keratoconjunctivitis sicca: a double‐masked randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Chen Thomas , Powell Cynthia C. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of once daily topical 0.3% naltrexone (NTX) on tear production, tear film breakup time (TFBUT), and corneal sensitivity in dogs with uncontrolled keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS).Animals studiedSixteen dogs with uncontrolledKCS.ProceduresA randomized placebo‐controlled trial was performed in 16 dogs with topical 0.3%NTXonce daily or topical saline solution drops once daily. A baseline was obtained at week 0 for tear production (Schirmer tear test 1 and 2—STT1,STT2),TFBUT, and corneal sensitivity.STT1,STT2, andTFBUTwere then subsequently measured at weeks 1, 2, and 4 while onNTXor saline drops. Corneal sensitivity measures were repeated at week 4. The drops were subsequently discontinued and all parameters rechecked at week 5.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in tear parameters or corneal sensitivity between theNTX‐treated and the saline‐treated groups.ConclusionTopical 0.3%NTXgiven as a once daily dose over 4 weeks did not alter tear production, tear film stability, or corneal sensitivity in dogs with uncontrolled KCS.
THE INTERACTION BETWEEN RELIGION AND SCIENCE IN CATHOLIC SOUTHERN EUROPE (ITALY, SPAIN, PORTUGAL)
Authors: Oviedo Lluís , Garre Alvaro 
Published: February 2015

AbstractReviewing the last fifty years of interaction between religion and science in Catholicism in Southern Europe, common traits are clearly evident: a late awareness of the importance of this interaction and a theological reluctance to address science or to account for its progress. Early signs of the engagement between religion and science appear as a consequence of the work of the French anthropologist and theologian Teilhard de Chardin. In Italy and Spain in the last fifteen years, we see a substantive growth in the rise of research centers and academic activities devoted to exploring the common ground between science, philosophy, and theology. However, despite all these efforts and the many positive signs, there remains a long way to go for theology to consider science as a true challenge and an inspiration and to integrate it into the theological curriculum.
Long-Term Correlates of Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in Norwegian Men and Women
Authors: Solbraa Ane Kristiansen , Ekelund Ulf , Holme Ingar M. , Graff-Iversen Sidsel , Steene-Johannessen Jostein , Aadland Eivind , Anderssen Sigmund Alfred 
Published: February 2015

Background:Sex, age, body mass index (BMI), perceived health and health behavior are correlates known to affect physical activity and sedentary time. However, studies have often been cross-sectional, and less is known about long-term correlates. Thus, the aims were to investigate 1) the associations between a set of characteristics (demographic, biological, psychological, and behavioral) and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time at 13-year follow-up, and 2) the association between changes in these characteristics over time and physical activity and sedentary time.Methods:Baseline characteristics were collected in 40-year-olds in 1996, and follow-up data on objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time were obtained in 2009 (n = 240). Data were analyzed by multiple linear regressions.Results:Self-reported physical activity (P < .001) and improved perceived health (P = .046) were positively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) whereas BMI (P = .034) and increased BMI (P = .014) were negatively associated with MVPA at follow-up. Women spent less time being sedentary than men (P = .019). Education (P < .001) was positively associated and improved perceived health (P = .010) was negatively associated with sedentary time at follow-up.Conclusions:MVPA and sedentary time at follow-up were associated with behavioral, biological and demographic correlates. However, the nature of our analyses prevents us from inferring causality.
Immune Responses of Bison and Efficacy after Booster Vaccination with Brucella abortus Strain RB51
Authors: Olsen S. C. , McGill J. L. , Sacco R. E. , Hennager S. G. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThirty-one bison heifers were randomly assigned to receive saline or a single vaccination with 1010CFU ofBrucella abortusstrain RB51. Some vaccinated bison were randomly selected for booster vaccination with RB51 at 11 months after the initial vaccination. Mean antibody responses to RB51 were greater (P< 0.05) in vaccinated bison after initial and booster vaccination than in nonvaccinated bison. The proliferative responses by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the vaccinated bison were greater (P< 0.05) than those in the nonvaccinated bison at 16 and 24 weeks after the initial vaccination but not after the booster vaccination. The relative gene expression of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) was increased (P< 0.05) in the RB51-vaccinated bison at 8, 16, and 24 weeks after the initial vaccination and at 8 weeks after the booster vaccination. The vaccinated bison had greater (P< 0.05)in vitroproduction of IFN-γ at all sampling times, greater interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production in various samplings after the initial and booster vaccinations, and greater IL-6 production at one sampling time after the booster vaccination. Between 170 and 180 days of gestation, the bison were intraconjunctivally challenged with approximately 1 × 107CFU ofB. abortusstrain 2308. The incidences of abortion and infection were greater (P< 0.05) in the nonvaccinated bison after experimental challenge than in the bison receiving either vaccination treatment. Booster-vaccinated, but not single-vaccinated bison, had a reduced (P< 0.05) incidence of infection in fetal tissues and maternal tissues compared to that in the controls. Compared to the nonvaccinated bison, both vaccination treatments lowered the colonization (measured as the CFU/g of tissue) ofBrucellaorganisms in all tissues, except in retropharyngeal and supramammary lymph nodes. Our study suggests that RB51 booster vaccination is an effective vaccination strategy for enhancing herd immunity against brucellosis in bison.
Genomic Insights of Pectobacterium carotovorum Strain M022 Quorum-Sensing Activity through Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Chan Kok-Gan , Tan Wen-Si 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Pectobacterium carotovorum
is known to cause serious damage to various major crops worldwide. Here, we report the draft genome of
Pectobacterium carotovorum
strain M022, a freshwater isolate from a Malaysian waterfall, which has been reported as a plant pathogen and is able to communicate with
N
-acylhomoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing.
Genome Sequence of the AIDS-Associated Pathogen Penicillium marneffei (ATCC18224) and Its Near Taxonomic Relative Talaromyces stipitatus (ATCC10500)
Authors: Nierman William C. , Fedorova-Abrams Natalie D. , Andrianopoulos Alex 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Penicillium marneffei can cause a fatal systemic mycosis in patients infected with the HIV. Infections are endemic in the tropical regions of southeast Asia. Here, we report the genome sequences of the type strains of P. marneffei and its avirulent near relative, Talaromyces stipitatus.
A17, the First Sequenced Strain of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris with Potential Immunomodulatory Functions
Authors: Yang Chih-Hsien , Wu Chien-Chen , Cheng Wei-Shen , Chung Ming-Chuan , Tsai Ying-Chieh , Chang Chuan-Hsiung 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Lactococcus lactis
subsp. cremoris A17, isolated from Taiwan fermented cabbage, is the first sequenced strain of
L. lactis
subsp. cremoris with immunomodulatory activity and antiallergic functions. The resulting A17 draft genome contains 2,679,936 bp and indicates that A17 is a potential exopolysaccharide-producing strain without any known virulence gene.
Draft Genome of Janthinobacterium sp. RA13 Isolated from Lake Washington Sediment
Authors: McTaggart Tami L. , Shapiro Nicole , Woyke Tanja , Chistoserdova Ludmila 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Sequencing the genome of Janthinobacterium sp. RA13 from Lake Washington sediment is announced. From the genome content, a versatile life-style is predicted, but not
bona fide
methylotrophy. With the availability of its genomic sequence, Janthinobacterium sp. RA13 presents a prospective model for studying microbial communities in lake sediments.
Variola Virus-Specific Diagnostic Assays: Characterization, Sensitivity, and Specificity
Authors: Kondas Ashley V. , Olson Victoria A. , Li Yu , Abel Jason , Laker Miriam , Rose Laura , Wilkins Kimberly , Turner Jonathan , Kline Richard , Damon Inger K. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
A public health response relies upon rapid and reliable confirmation of disease by diagnostic assays. Here, we detail the design and validation of two variola virus-specific real-time PCR assays, since previous assays cross-reacted with newly identified cowpox viruses. The assay specificity must continually be reassessed as other closely related viruses are identified.
An Anti-H5N1 Influenza Virus FcDART Antibody Is a Highly Efficacious Therapeutic Agent and Prophylactic against H5N1 Influenza Virus Infection
Authors: Zanin Mark , Keck Zhen-Yong , Rainey G. Jonah , Lam Chia-Ying Kao , Boon Adrianus C. M. , Rubrum Adam , Darnell Daniel , Wong Sook-San , Griffin Yolanda , Xia Jinming , Webster Robert G. , Webby Richard , Johnson Syd , Foung Steven 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses are associated with severe disease in humans and continue to be a pandemic threat. While vaccines are available, other approaches are required for patients that typically respond poorly to vaccination, such as the elderly and the immunocompromised. To produce a therapeutic agent that is highly efficacious at low doses and is broadly specific against antigenically drifted H5N1 influenza viruses, we developed two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies and combined them into a single bispecific Fc fusion protein (the Fc dual-affinity retargeting [FcDART] molecule). In mice, a single therapeutic or prophylactic dose of either monoclonal antibody at 2.5 mg/kg of body weight provided 100% protection against challenge with A/Vietnam/1203/04 (H5N1) or the antigenically drifted strain A/Whooper swan/Mongolia/244/05 (H5N1). In ferrets, a single 1-mg/kg prophylactic dose provided 100% protection against A/Vietnam/1203/04 challenge. FcDART was also effective, as a single 2.5-mg/kg therapeutic or prophylactic dose in mice provided 100% protection against A/Vietnam/1203/04 challenge. Antibodies bound to conformational epitopes in antigenic sites on the globular head of the hemagglutinin protein, on the basis of analysis of mutants with antibody escape mutations. While it was possible to generate escape mutants
in vitro
, they were neutralized by the antibodies
in vivo
, as mice infected with escape mutants were 100% protected after only a single therapeutic dose of the antibody used to generate the escape mutant
in vitro
. In summary, we have combined the antigen specificities of two highly efficacious anti-H5N1 influenza virus antibodies into a bispecific FcDART molecule, which represents a strategy to produce broadly neutralizing antibodies that are effective against antigenically diverse influenza viruses.

IMPORTANCE
Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses are associated with severe disease in humans and are a pandemic threat. A vaccine is available, but other approaches are required for patients that typically respond poorly to vaccination, such as the elderly and the immunocompromised. The variability of the virus means that such an approach must be broad spectrum. To achieve this, we developed two antibodies that neutralize H5N1 influenza viruses. In mice, these antibodies provided complete protection against a spectrum of H5N1 influenza viruses at a single low dose. We then combined the two antibodies into a single molecule, FcDART, which combined the broad-spectrum activity and protective efficacy of both antibodies. This treatment provides a novel and effective therapeutic agent or prophylactic with activity against highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses.
Detergent-Resistant Membrane Association of NS2 and E2 during Hepatitis C Virus Replication
Authors: Shanmugam Saravanabalaji , Saravanabalaji Dhanaranjani , Yi MinKyung 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
Previously, we demonstrated that the efficiency of hepatitis C virus (HCV) E2-p7 processing regulates p7-dependent NS2 localization to putative virus assembly sites near lipid droplets (LD). In this study, we have employed subcellular fractionations and membrane flotation assays to demonstrate that NS2 associates with detergent-resistant membranes (DRM) in a p7-dependent manner. However, p7 likely plays an indirect role in this process, since only the background level of p7 was detectable in the DRM fractions. Our data also suggest that the p7-NS2 precursor is not involved in NS2 recruitment to the DRM, despite its apparent targeting to this location. Deletion of NS2 specifically inhibited E2 localization to the DRM, indicating that NS2 regulates this process. Treatment of cells with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) significantly reduced the DRM association of Core, NS2, and E2 and reduced infectious HCV production. Since disruption of the DRM localization of NS2 and E2, either due to p7 and NS2 defects, respectively, or by MβCD treatment, inhibited infectious HCV production, these proteins' associations with the DRM likely play an important role during HCV assembly. Interestingly, we detected the HCV replication-dependent accumulation of ApoE in the DRM fractions. Taking into consideration the facts that ApoE was shown to be a major determinant for infectious HCV particle production at the postenvelopment step and that the HCV Core protein strongly associates with the DRM, recruitment of E2 and ApoE to the DRM may allow the efficient coordination of Core particle envelopment and postenvelopment events at the DRM to generate infectious HCV production.

IMPORTANCE
The biochemical nature of HCV assembly sites is currently unknown. In this study, we investigated the correlation between NS2 and E2 localization to the detergent-resistant membranes (DRM) and HCV particle assembly. We determined that although NS2's DRM localization is dependent on p7, p7 was not targeted to these membranes. We then showed that NS2 regulates E2 localization to the DRM, consistent with its role in recruiting E2 to the virus assembly sites. We also showed that short-term treatment with the cholesterol-extracting agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) not only disrupted the DRM localization of Core, NS2, and E2 but also specifically inhibited intracellular virus assembly without affecting HCV RNA replication. Thus, our data support the role of the DRM as a platform for particle assembly process.
Deficiency of the B Cell-Activating Factor Receptor Results in Limited CD169
+
Macrophage Function during Viral Infection
Authors: Xu Haifeng C. , Huang Jun , Khairnar Vishal , Duhan Vikas , Pandyra Aleksandra A. , Grusdat Melanie , Shinde Prashant , McIlwain David R. , Maney Sathish Kumar , Gommerman Jennifer , Löhning Max , Ohashi Pamela S. , Mak Tak W. , Pieper Kathrin , Sic Heiko , Speletas Matthaios , Eibel Hermann , Ware Carl F. , Tumanov Alexei V. , Kruglov Andrey A. , Nedospasov Sergei A. , Häussinger Dieter , Recher Mike , Lang Karl S. , Lang Philipp A. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

The B cell-activating factor (BAFF) is critical for B cell development and humoral immunity in mice and humans. While the role of BAFF in B cells has been widely described, its role in innate immunity remains unknown. Using BAFF receptor (BAFFR)-deficient mice, we characterized BAFFR-related innate and adaptive immune functions following infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). We identified a critical role for BAFFR signaling in the generation and maintenance of the CD169
+
macrophage compartment. Consequently,
Baffr
−

/

−
mice exhibited limited induction of innate type I interferon production after viral infection. Lack of BAFFR signaling reduced virus amplification and presentation following viral infection, resulting in highly reduced antiviral adaptive immune responses. As a consequence, BAFFR-deficient mice showed exacerbated and fatal disease after viral infection. Mechanistically, transient lack of B cells in
Baffr
−

/

−
animals resulted in limited lymphotoxin expression, which is critical for maintenance of CD169
+
cells. In conclusion, BAFFR signaling affects both innate and adaptive immune activation during viral infections.

IMPORTANCE
Viruses cause acute and chronic infections in humans resulting in millions of deaths every year. Innate immunity is critical for the outcome of a viral infection. Innate type I interferon production can limit viral replication, while adaptive immune priming by innate immune cells induces pathogen-specific immunity with long-term protection. Here, we show that BAFFR deficiency not only perturbed B cells, but also resulted in limited CD169
+
macrophages. These macrophages are critical in amplifying viral particles to trigger type I interferon production and initiate adaptive immune priming. Consequently, BAFFR deficiency resulted in reduced enforced viral replication, limited type I interferon production, and reduced adaptive immunity compared to BAFFR-competent controls. As a result, BAFFR-deficient mice were predisposed to fatal viral infections. Thus, BAFFR expression is critical for innate immune activation and antiviral immunity.