bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing Koi Carp, Cyprinus carpio var. Koi (Linnaeus, 1758), Stocking Density and Nutrient Recycling With Spinach in an Aquaponic System
Authors: Hussain T. , Verma A. K. , Tiwari V. K. , Prakash C. , Rathore G. , Shete A. P. , Nuwansi K. K. T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFish waste water nutrient recycling in an aquaponic system was studied under different stocking densities of Koi Carp, Cyprinus carpio var. koi, along with spinach, Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis. Fish growth performance, plant growth, nutrient dynamics, and nutrient removal and their dependence on different stocking densities, namely 1.4, 2.1, and 2.8, were observed, of the different combinations, fish stocked at 1.4 kg/m3 had the best growth. Percent nutrient removal (NO3–N, PO4–P, and K) was significantly higher at 1.4 kg/m3. Thus, 1.4 kg/m3 stocking density can be suggested as optimum for Koi Carp production in spinach aquaponic systems.
Case of dynamin 2 mutation‐related sporadic centronuclear myopathy with peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Kawasaki Yuko , Naba Ichiro , Azuma Shingo , Yaka Keiko , Moriya Masayuki , Nakano Misa , Nishino Ichizo , Tatsumi Chikao 
Published: December 2014

AbstractA 53‐year‐old man presented with bilateral ptosis, diffuse muscle weakness and easy fatigability, and was admitted to Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan. The patient was diagnosed with myasthenia gravis in his childhood. Since then, he had been developing muscle weakness with atrophy. A nerve conduction study showed motor and sensory neuropathy. Repetitive stimulation of his accessory nerve at 3 Hz showed 30.4% attenuation. We suspected that his symptoms were a result of myasthenia gravis and/or Guillain–Barré syndrome, and started gamma globulin therapy and prednisolone. Because muscle weakness did not respond to our therapy, we carried out muscle biopsy. He was then diagnosed with centronuclear myopathy. Genetic analysis showed the presence of dynamin 2 mutation.
Early‐Onset Heart Failure, Alopecia, and Cutaneous Abnormalities Associated with a Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutation in Desmoplakin
Authors: Antonov Nina K. , Kingsbery Mina Y. , Rohena Luis O. , Lee Teresa M. , Christiano Angela , Garzon Maria C. , Lauren Christine T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractMutations in the desmosomal protein desmoplakin have been associated with various conditions affecting the skin and heart. The prototype is Carvajal syndrome, characterized by cardiomyopathy, woolly hair, palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK), and skin fragility. We report the case of a 3‐year‐old boy presenting with severe left‐sided heart failure with a preceding history of cutaneous abnormalities including congenital alopecia, PPK, nail dystrophy, and follicular hyperkeratosis on the extensor surfaces. Genetic testing revealed a novel combination of two heterozygous mutations in the DSP gene encoding desmoplakin: R1400X and R2284X. Both are predicted to be deleterious to protein function. This case adds to our understanding of the spectrum of clinical presentations of syndromes associated with desmoplakin mutations and highlights the need for cardiac examination in patients with characteristic cutaneous findings.
Anton–Babinski syndrome in an old patient: a case report and literature review
Authors: Chen Jiann‐Jy , Chang Hsin‐Feng , Hsu Yung‐Chu , Chen Dem‐Lion 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAnton–Babinski syndrome is a rare disease featuring bilateral cortical blindness and anosognosia with visual confabulation, but without dementia or any memory impairment. It has a unique neuropsychiatric presentation and should be highly suspected in those with odd visual loss and imaging evidence of occipital lobe injury. In the case discussed herein, a 90‐year‐old man presented with bilateral blindness, obvious anosognosia, and vivid visual confabulation, which he had had for 3 days. Brain computed tomography demonstrated recent hypodense infarctions at the bilateral occipital lobes. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with Anton–Babinski syndrome. Because of his age and the thrombolytic therapy during the golden 3 hours after ischemic stroke, the patient received aspirin therapy rather than tissue plasminogen activator or warfarin. He gradually realized he was blind during the following week, but died of pneumonia 1 month later. In the literature, it is difficult to establish awareness of blindness in patients with Anton–Babinski syndrome, but optimistically, in one report, a patient was aware of blindness within 2 weeks, without vision improvement. Our case illustrates that elderly patients with Anton‐Babinski syndrome can partially recover and that 1 week is the shortest time for the establishment of awareness of blindness for sufferers without vision improvement.
Effect of a 12‐day balneotherapy programme on pain, mood, sleep, and depression in healthy elderly people
Authors: Latorre‐Román Pedro Ángel , Rentero‐Blanco Manuel , Laredo‐Aguilera Jose Alberto , García‐Pinillos Felipe 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe main purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of a 12‐day balneotherapy programme on pain, mood state, sleep, and depression in older adults.MethodsIn this study, 52 elderly adults from different areas of Spain participated in a social hydrotherapy programme created by the government's Institute for Elderly and Social Services, known as IMSERSO; participants included 23 men (age, 69.74 ± 5.19 years) and 29 women (age, 70.31 ± 6.76 years). Pain was analyzed using the visual analogue scale. Mood was assessed using the Profile of Mood Status. Sleep was assessed using the Oviedo Sleep Questionnaire. Depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale. The balneotherapy programme was undertaken at Balneario San Andrés (Jaén, Spain). The water at Balneario San Andrés, according to the Handbook of Spanish Mineral Water, is a hypothermic (≥20°C) hard water of medium mineralization, with bicarbonate, sulfate, sodium, and magnesium as the dominant ions.ResultsBalneotherapy produced significant improvements (P < 0.05) for all variables (pain, mood state, sleep, and depression) in the total sample. A differential effect was found between the sexes regarding pain improvement, with men, but not women, having significantly improvement (P < 0.01) after treatment. With regard to improving mood, sex differences were also shown, with women, but not men, significantly improved (P < 0.05) in both depression and fatigue.ConclusionsIn conclusion, a 12‐day balneotherapy programme has a positive effect on pain, mood, sleep quality, and depression in healthy older people.
Effect and tolerability of blonanserin in severe delusion with various types of dementia
Authors: Takaki Manabu , Honda Hajime , Terada Seishi , Uchitomi Yosuke 
Published: December 2014

AbstractLow‐dose blonanserin was effective for treating severe delusions in six patients with various types of dementia, and it was also well tolerated. Delusion and hallucination scores, as measured by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, improved, and extrapyramidal symptom scores, as measured by the Drug‐Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale, were unchanged. Blonanserin has strong dopamine D2 receptor‐, 5‐hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor‐, and dopamine D3 receptor‐blocking activities and weak 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐2C, α1‐, histamine H1‐, and muscarinic M1‐blocking activities. Its unique characteristics may make it suitable for treating severe delusions and hallucination in patients with dementia.
The dementia diagnosis: a literature review of information, understanding, and attributions
Authors: Stokes Laura , Combes Helen , Stokes Graham 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis review examines how people understand and make sense of a dementia diagnosis. The review explores how lay frameworks and information presented at diagnosis may inform a caregiver's understanding of dementia in a family member. Existing qualitative research exploring how caregivers understand and make sense of dementia is reviewed. A literature search was conducted, and the results indicated that family carers often receive little or unclear information about dementia, with diagnostic information often delivered in euphemistic terms. Lack of clarity regarding diagnosis and prognosis creates uncertainty for caregivers and impacts future care planning. Caregiver's understandings of the condition vary, with some symptoms often not attributed to the condition. The literature highlights significant gaps and misconceptions in public knowledge regarding dementia, which raises questions about how family caregivers understand the condition. Further research is required to explore how information is presented to family carers at the time of diagnosis and how this is used to understand the condition.
Tiotropium as part of inhaled polytherapy: Adherence and associated health‐care utilization
Authors: Simon‐Tuval Tzahit , Maimon Nimrod 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and objectivePrevious studies had demonstrated association between Tiotropium therapy (once‐daily inhaled anticholinergic) and reductions of exacerbations, improvements in dyspnoea and quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Little is known about the influence of adherence to Tiotropium on health‐care utilization. Our objective was to examine whether adherence to Tiotropium is associated with decreased health‐care utilization.MethodsA computerized medical database was used to identify patients with COPD registered in an academic pulmonology institute who began therapy of Tiotropium 18 mg between 2008 and 2011 (n = 193). Adherence was assessed by calculating the proportion of days covered and defined as coverage of at least 80% of the follow‐up period. Adherence to long‐acting beta‐agonists and/or inhaled corticosteroids (LABA and/or ICS) and health‐care utilization were analysed 1 year before and 2 years after initiation of Tiotropium. A multivariate regression model was applied to examine determinants of change in health‐care utilization.ResultsThe median age of study population was 67 (80% male). Forty‐one per cent of study population (n = 79) adhered to Tiotropium. Hospitalization costs decreased 1 year following treatment initiation only among adherent patient when their adherence to LABA and/or ICS improved (β = −463.6, P = 0.033). This cost did not change significantly in the consecutive second year (β = 206.3, P = 0.583).ConclusionsAdherence to Tiotropium was associated with decreased hospitalizations only among patients who improved their adherence to LABA and/or ICS as well. Exploring reasons for high non‐adherence and ways to improve adherence may optimize utilization of the scarce hospital resources.
Has Globalisation Affected Collective Bargaining? An Empirical Test, 1980–2009
Authors: Hessami Zohal , Baskaran Thushyanthan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe investigate whether globalisation has affected the nature of collective bargaining in OECD and emerging countries. The main innovations over the existing empirical literature are (i) the consideration of three distinct aspects of collective bargaining (union density, decentralised bargaining and the extent of government intervention), (ii) the reliance on a sample with a larger cross‐sectional and time dimension (44 countries from 1980 to 2009), and (iii) the application of a more appropriate empirical methodology (dynamic panel data models). We find that globalisation, on average, depresses unionisation but neither affects the degree of decentralisation nor government intervention in collective bargaining. We also uncover significant heterogeneity effects, both across countries and over time.
QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON LIPOLYTIC ENZYME ACTIVITY IN DEGENERATING AND REGENERATING NERVE
Authors: Lumsden C. E. 
Published: December 2014

1. In the phenomenon of Wallerian degeneration in a cut peripheral nerve the process of myelin degradation in the distal stump is, by the ordinary staining methods of histology, unusually retarded in comparison with the same process in necrosis of nervous tissue, e.g. in infarcts.2. The Glick acidimetric method for lipase and esterase in tissue sections was used to determine lipolytic esterase activity quantitatively in rabbit sciatic nerves above and below the line of experimental transection at varying intervals of time after operation.3. The enzyme activity per milligram of tissue (dry weight) fell steadily in the peripheral stump to 40 per cent of the normal average value; while in the proximal stump in the region of the regenerating neurites it rose steadily to 300–400 per cent of normal. As reunion of the stumps occurred, the zone of highest esterase activity passed into the upper extremity of the now reunited distal portion.4. Reasons are given for attributing the increased ali‐esterase activity to the regenerating neurites themselves.
THE EFFECT OF THE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF HEPARIN ON THE INTERACTION OF CHYLE AND PLASMA IN THE RAT
Authors: French J. E. , Robinson D. S. , Florey H. W. 
Published: December 2014

1. When chyle is added in vitro to the plasma of rats which have received an intravenous injection of heparin, there is a progressive fall in turbidity.2. The rate of clearing depends on the concentration in the plasma of a factor which is formed following the injection of heparin. The concentration of this factor depends in turn on the amount of heparin injected, but the relationship between the two is not linear.3. The amount of chyle cleared is independent of the amount of heparin injected over the range 5 to 500 units heparin per kg. of body weight. It does depend on a second factor which is present in normal as well as in heparinised plasma.4. When chyle is added in excess to plasma containing the heparin factor, the particulate lipid which is not cleared shows changed properties and can then be cleared by normal plasma.
THE INTESTINAL PHASE OF GASTRIC SECRETION
Authors: Sircus W. 
Published: December 2014

1. In dogs provided with Heidenhain gastric pouches and Thirty‐Vella loops of duodenum and jejunum, gastric secretion was stimulated both by distending the intestinal loop and by perfusion with (a) intestinal chyme or (b) dilute hydrochloric acid or (c) acetylcholine.2. The gastric secretory response was abolished by the prior application to the mucosa of the intestinal loop of 5 per cent procaine solution for 15–30 min., but not by 3 per cent procaine solution.3. The secretory responses to distension and perfusion of the loop with intestinal chyme or dilute acid persisted after denervation of the vascular pedicle of the gastric pouch.4. The secretory responses did not appear for 15‐30 min. after the commencement of mechanical or chemical stimulation of the intestinal loop, and they often persisted for 30–45 min. after cessation of stimulation.5. These findings indicate the existence in the small intestinal mucosa of a hormonal mechanism for the stimulation of gastric secretion by meals.
THE EFFECTS OF SODIUM BARBITONE UPON RHYTHMIC MOVEMENTS OF THE PLAIN MUSCLE OF BLOOD VESSELS
Authors: Tyrer J. H. 
Published: December 2014

1. Studies were made on sheep whose pulmonary and systemic circulations were artificially perfused at constant rates, with complete functional exclusion of the heart. These sheep were anæsthetized with sodium barbitone.2. In seven such sheep rhythmic variations of mean aortic pressure were encountered in spite of a constant rate of perfusion of the systemic circulation, and in five others there were rhythmic variations of mean inferior vena caval pressure. Administration of further sodium barbitone readily suppressed these rhythmic pressure changes, usually without significant alteration of the level of mean aortic or inferior vena caval pressure.3. These findings are discussed in relation to previous literature.
CHANGES IN OXYGEN CONSUMPTION, RADIO‐IODINE UPTAKE AND BODY TEMPERATURE FOLLOWING EXPOSURE TO COLD IN ALBINO RATS WITH HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS
Authors: Beattie J. , Chambers R. D. 
Published: December 2014

1. Male albino rats, adapted to live at 29.5°C. for a period of 7 weeks, and then exposed to a lower environmental temperature between 17° and 220° C. for 9 days, showed a rise in body temperature, oxygen consumption and radio‐iodine uptake. The thyroid glands of such rats showed changes compatible with an increase in thyrotrophic hormone output.2. Rats adapted to live at 29.5° C. for the same period, and which had all the efferent pathways from the hypothalamus to the brain‐stem severed, showed on exposure to cold the same responses as normal rats. The rate of uptake of radio‐iodine was, however, significantly greater, indicating a higher level of thyrotrophic hormone output than normal rats exposed to cold. The histological appearances of the thyroid gland are compatible with a high thyrotrophic hormone output. The rise in body temperature was greater than that found in normal rats.
5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION AND DESTRUCTION IN PERFUSED LUNGS
Authors: Gaddum J. H. , Hebb C. O. , Silver Ann , Swan A. A. B. 
Published: December 2014

1. 5‐Hydroxytryptamine (HT) caused vasoconstriction and bronchoconstriction in cats' lungs perfused with blood. These actions were antagonized by dihydroergotamine or lysergic acid diethylamide.2. The HT‐equivalent of the plasma was estimated by extraction with acetone and assay on rat's uterus in comparison with synthetic HT. This was low immediately after bleeding, but rose rapidly to about 1 mg. per litre.3. The HT‐equivalent of the plasma fell exponentially during perfusion with a halving time of 4‐20 min.4. When the rate of circulation was increased the rate of disappearance of HT rose.
A PURIFIED EXTRACT OF THE INTERMEDIATE LOBE OF THE PITUITARY
Authors: Landgrebe F. W. , Mitchell G. M. 
Published: December 2014

1. A method is described for the preparation of an extract of melanophore dispersing hormone 500 times as potent as International Standard posterior lobe powder.2. Evidence is recorded suggesting that the polypeptide derived from pig glands is different from that obtained from ox material.
A MODIFIED FOLIN‐MALMROS TECHNIQUE FOR THE ESTIMATION OF BLOOD SUGAR, PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR LOW VALUES OR FOR MICRO WORK
Authors: Landgrebe F. W. , Munday K. A. 
Published: December 2014

A modified Folin‐Malmros method for the determination of blood sugar is described. It is both simple and rapid—a dozen samples can be estimated in 45 minutes. It is accurate and very sensitive, giving results accurate to 2 per cent at normal mammalian blood levels, and 5 per cent for small quantities of glucose of the order of 2 to 3 , µg. The method can be used for quantities of mammalian blood as small as 0·01 ml. It has already been adopted by a number of colleagues in different laboratories with results almost identical to our own.Our results and those of other workers indicate that for similar quantities of glucose the actual intensity of colour is constant. The method would probably be adequate for rapid routine determination of mammalian bloods without the use of an absorptiometer. Standard colours in a simple comparator would probably give results accurate to 5 per cent.
SPLENIC AND PORTAL VENOGRAPHY
Authors: Dreyer B. 
Published: December 2014

1. The splenic and portal veins can be demonstrated by the injection of radio‐opaque dye into the spleen. This has been done in dogs with exteriorised or subcutaneous spleens, and in humans with enlarged spleens by direct injection.2. The injected dye leaves the spleen quickly and in large amounts, and demonstrates the sizes of the splenic and portal veins.3. In the absence of portal obstruction a filling defect is present where the superior mesenteric flow meets the splenic.4. In the presence of portal obstruction the site of obstruction is indicated. In addition, collateral veins are filled with dye, the portal vein is dilated and a reflux of dye may occur into the superior mesenteric vein. Changes in the direction of blood flow in the portal tributaries may be shown.5. The intrahepatic portal branches appear to be fewer, coarser and further apart in cirrhosis of the liver.
THE ARTERIAL SUPPLY AND VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE HUMAN HYPOPHYSIS CEREBRI
Authors: Xuereb G. P. , Prichard Marjorie M. L. , Daniel P. M. 
Published: December 2014

1. The arterial supply and the venous drainage of the human pituitary body have been studied in preparations injected with neoprene latex or Berlin blue.2. The pituitary body receives its arterial blood from the internal carotid arteries through a superior and an inferior hypophysial artery on either side.3. Each superior hypophysial artery distributes branches to the hypophysial stalk and gives off a substantial branch, the artery of the trabecula, which courses through the pars distalis and eventually supplies part of the lower infundibular stem. Each inferior hypophysial artery divides into a medial and a lateral branch. These branches anastomose with the corresponding vessels of the opposite side, forming an arterial ring around the neural lobe. Branches springing from this arterial ring supply the neural lobe and part of the lower infundibular stem.4. Interarterial anastomoses are a characteristic feature of the vascular arrangements of the human pituitary body. Branches of both the superior and the inferior hypophysial arterial systems anastomose freely with other branches of the same system. In addition, anastomoses of large calibre are present which connect branches of one of these two arterial systems with branches of the other.5. No branches of either the superior or the inferior hypophysial arteries supply the epithelial tissue of the pars distalis.
INSULIN HYPOGLYCÆMIA AND GASTRIC MOTILITY IN THE SHEEP
Authors: Hill K. J. 
Published: December 2014

1. The effect of insulin hypoglycæmia on the motility of the abomasum and rumen has been studied in three sheep prepared with permanent fistulæ of these organs and in a lamb with a denervated pyloric pouch.2. These experiments have shown that in the sheep, as in the dog and man, the injection of insulin after an initial inhibitory period causes increased gastric motility as a direct consequence of the fall in blood sugar.3. The effect is dependent upon increased activity of the vagus nerves, since it does not occur in the denervated (vagal) stomach pouch and is inhibited by atropine.4. It is therefore probable that in the sheep, as in dog and man, hypoglycæmia acts centrally to excite vagal discharge.5. The absence of a gastric secretory response to insulin in the ruminant suggests therefore that the secretory cells, unlike the musculature, are not under central vagal control.
THE SITES AT WHICH PLASMA CLEARING ACTIVITY IS PRODUCED AND DESTROYED IN THE RAT
Authors: Jeffries G. H. 
Published: December 2014

1. Clearing activity has been produced by perfusing blood containing heparin in concentrations of from 2·5 to 0·025 i.u. per ml. through the isolated hind limbs of rats. It is produced also by the lung, the abdominal viscera with the exception of the liver, and the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The experiments indicate that the liver does not produce clearing activity.2. The appearance of clearing activity in blood perfused through the isolated hind limbs of rats fed olive oil 4 to 5 hours previously, indicates that clearing activity in such animals is produced in part by the hind limb circulation.3. Both in rats which have received an injection of heparin and in fat‐fed rats, clearing activity of the blood from the hepatic vein was less than that of the aortic blood. Blood from the portal vein, the inferior vena cava, and the aorta had similar clearing activity.4. Perfusion of heparinized blood through the isolated liver resulted in a fall in its clearing activity. This loss indicates that this organ destroys clearing activity.
A SIMPLE METHOD OF PREPARATION OF HIGHLY POTENT EXTRACTS OF CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Landgrebe F. W. , Hobson B. M. , Mitchell G. M. 
Published: December 2014

1. A simple and rapid method of preparation of highly potent extracts of C.G. is described.2. The method consistently produces a product containing about 4000 I.U./mg. with a yield of about 30 per cent.3. The potency of such a product is found to be about the same whether it is tested on amphibia or mammals.