bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adiponectin, C‐reactive protein, fibrinogen and tissue plasminogen activator antigen levels among glucose‐intolerant women with and without histories of gestational diabetes
Authors: Kim C. , Christophi C. A. , Goldberg R. B. , Perreault L. , Dabelea D. , Marcovina S. M. , Pi‐Sunyer X. , Barrett‐Connor E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimTo examine concentrations of biomarkers (adiponectin, C‐reactive protein, fibrinogen and tissue plasminogen‐activator antigen) associated with glucose homeostasis and diabetes risk by history of gestational diabetes (GDM).MethodsWe conducted a secondary analysis of the Diabetes Prevention Program, a randomized trial of lifestyle intervention or metformin for diabetes prevention. At baseline, participants were overweight and had impaired glucose tolerance. Biomarkers at baseline and 1 year after enrolment were compared between parous women with (n = 350) and without histories of GDM (n = 1466). Cox proportional hazard models evaluated whether history of GDM was associated with diabetes risk, after adjustment for baseline biomarker levels as well as for change in biomarker levels, demographic factors and anthropometrics.ResultsAt baseline, women with histories of GDM had lower adiponectin (7.5 μg/ml vs. 8.7 μg/ml; p < 0.0001) and greater log C‐reactive protein (‐0.90 mg/l vs. ‐0.78 mg/l, p = 0.04) levels than women without histories of GDM, but these associations did not persist after adjustment for demographic factors. Fibrinogen and tissue plasminogen‐activator antigen were similar between women with and without histories of GDM. Women with and without histories of GDM had a similar pattern of changes in biomarkers within randomization arm. Adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, baseline weight, change in weight, baseline biomarker level and change in biomarker level did not significantly alter the association between history of GDM, and diabetes risk.ConclusionsAmong women with impaired glucose tolerance, biomarkers in women with and without histories of GDM are similar and respond similarly to lifestyle changes and metformin. Adjustment for biomarker levels did not explain the higher risk of diabetes observed in women with histories of GDM.
Selective and divided attention modulates auditory–vocal integration in the processing of pitch feedback errors
Authors: Liu Ying , Hu Huijing , Jones Jeffery A. , Guo Zhiqiang , Li Weifeng , Chen Xi , Liu Peng , Liu Hanjun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSpeakers rapidly adjust their ongoing vocal productions to compensate for errors they hear in their auditory feedback. It is currently unclear what role attention plays in these vocal compensations. This event‐related potential (ERP) study examined the influence of selective and divided attention on the vocal and cortical responses to pitch errors heard in auditory feedback regarding ongoing vocalisations. During the production of a sustained vowel, participants briefly heard their vocal pitch shifted up two semitones while they actively attended to auditory or visual events (selective attention), or both auditory and visual events (divided attention), or were not told to attend to either modality (control condition). The behavioral results showed that attending to the pitch perturbations elicited larger vocal compensations than attending to the visual stimuli. Moreover, ERPs were likewise sensitive to the attentional manipulations: P2 responses to pitch perturbations were larger when participants attended to the auditory stimuli compared to when they attended to the visual stimuli, and compared to when they were not explicitly told to attend to either the visual or auditory stimuli. By contrast, dividing attention between the auditory and visual modalities caused suppressed P2 responses relative to all the other conditions and caused enhanced N1 responses relative to the control condition. These findings provide strong evidence for the influence of attention on the mechanisms underlying the auditory–vocal integration in the processing of pitch feedback errors. In addition, selective attention and divided attention appear to modulate the neurobehavioral processing of pitch feedback errors in different ways.
The importance of considering animal body mass in IPCC greenhouse inventories and the underappreciated role of wild herbivores
Authors: Smith Felisa A. , Lyons S. Kathleen , Wagner Peter J. , Elliott Scott M. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMethane is an important greenhouse gas, but characterizing production by source sector has proven difficult. Current estimates suggest herbivores produce ~20% (~76–189 Tg yr−1) of methane globally, with wildlife contributions uncertain. We develop a simple and accurate method to estimate methane emissions and reevaluate production by wildlife. We find a strikingly robust relationship between body mass and methane output exceeding the scaling expected by differences in metabolic rate. Our allometric model gives a significantly better fit to empirical data than IPCC Tier 1 and 2 calculations. Our analysis suggests that (i) the allometric model provides an easier and more robust estimate of methane production than IPCC models currently in use; (ii) output from wildlife is much higher than previously considered; and (iii) because of the allometric scaling of methane output with body mass, national emissions could be reduced if countries favored more, smaller livestock, over fewer, larger ones.
Quantifying landscape‐level methane fluxes in subarctic Finland using a multiscale approach
Authors: Hartley Iain. P. , Hill Timothy. C. , Wade Thomas. J. , Clement Robert. J. , Moncrieff John. B. , Prieto‐Blanco Ana. , Disney Mathias. I. , Huntley Brian. , Williams Mathew. , Howden Nicholas. J. K. , Wookey Philip. A. , Baxter Robert. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractQuantifying landscape‐scale methane (CH4) fluxes from boreal and arctic regions, and determining how they are controlled, is critical for predicting the magnitude of any CH4 emission feedback to climate change. Furthermore, there remains uncertainty regarding the relative importance of small areas of strong methanogenic activity, vs. larger areas with net CH4 uptake, in controlling landscape‐level fluxes. We measured CH4 fluxes from multiple microtopographical subunits (sedge‐dominated lawns, interhummocks and hummocks) within an aapa mire in subarctic Finland, as well as in drier ecosystems present in the wider landscape, lichen heath and mountain birch forest. An intercomparison was carried out between fluxes measured using static chambers, up‐scaled using a high‐resolution landcover map derived from aerial photography and eddy covariance. Strong agreement was observed between the two methodologies, with emission rates greatest in lawns. CH4 fluxes from lawns were strongly related to seasonal fluctuations in temperature, but their floating nature meant that water‐table depth was not a key factor in controlling CH4 release. In contrast, chamber measurements identified net CH4 uptake in birch forest soils. An intercomparison between the aerial photography and satellite remote sensing demonstrated that quantifying the distribution of the key CH4 emitting and consuming plant communities was possible from satellite, allowing fluxes to be scaled up to a 100 km2 area. For the full growing season (May to October), ~ 1.1–1.4 g CH4 m−2 was released across the 100 km2 area. This was based on up‐scaled lawn emissions of 1.2–1.5 g CH4 m−2, vs. an up‐scaled uptake of 0.07–0.15 g CH4 m−2 by the wider landscape. Given the strong temperature sensitivity of the dominant lawn fluxes, and the fact that lawns are unlikely to dry out, climate warming may substantially increase CH4 emissions in northern Finland, and in aapa mire regions in general.
Pathologists are able to differentiate reliably the lamina propria associated with Barrett's musculofibrous anomaly from submucosa in oesophageal endoscopic resections
Authors: Kaye Philip V , O'Donovan Maria , Mapstone Nicholas , Disep Babett , Novelli Marco , Ragunath Krish 
Published: May 2015

AimsEndoscopic resection (ER) is the standard therapy for early oesophageal neoplasia and is used for diagnosis and treatment. Accurate staging is especially important, as further treatment depends on this. Because Barrett's mucosa often develops fibromuscular hyperplasia with a fibrotic lamina propria and reduplicated muscularis mucosae, pathologists have expressed concern that it may not be possible to differentiate lamina propria reliably from submucosa in such resections. This study aimed to develop criteria for distinguishing submucosa from abnormal lamina propria and test reproducibility.Methods and resultsVirtual slides of oesophagectomy cases with early cancer were reviewed by participants, all gastrointestinal (GI) pathologists. Criteria were agreed for recognition of submucosa – the presence of any of submucosal glands, fat and large muscular vessels. A set of 20 endoscopic resections were then uploaded and 45 areas annotated and participants asked to categorize as submucosa or lamina propria. Agreement was excellent, with 35 areas showing agreement by all pathologists and a further seven areas with four of five agreeing. Paired interobserver kappa values varied between 0.69 and 0.955.ConclusionWith the application of usually easily recognizable criteria, pathologists are able to differentiate submucosa from lamina propria with musculofibrous anomaly in oesophageal ER specimens with a high degree of reproducibility.
Creativity, Self‐exploration and Change: Creative Arts‐based Activities’ Contribution to Desistance Narratives
Authors: ALBERTSON (née WILKINSON) KATHERINE 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis exploratory article is based on interviews and focus groups with prisoners reflecting on the benefits of engaging in creative arts‐based activities. Desistance theorists emphasise the importance of judgments based on individual personal impressions, feelings and opinions in offenders’ co‐production and ownership of their desistance narratives. The data presented here are used to illustrate the positive changes in offenders’ subjective understandings and to highlight the appropriateness of using more nuanced research designs to provide evidence of effectiveness of engagement with arts‐based projects.
Epidemiology and clinical evolution of non‐melanoma skin cancer in renal transplant recipients: a single‐center experience in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Hayashida Marina Zoega , Fernandes Victor Miguel Coutinho , de Melo Fernandes Diana Rosa , Ogawa Marília Marufuji , Tomimori Jane 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundNon‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is very common among renal transplant recipients (RTRs) as a result of the immunosuppressed status of these patients and other factors. Few studies have examined the clinical characteristics and evolution of NMSC in RTRs in tropical countries.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to characterize the epidemiology and clinical evolution of NMSC in RTRs.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study including 68 RTRs with NMSC diagnosed from July 2004 to December 2009 with a minimum follow‐up of three years. We analyzed demographic and transplant‐ and NMSC‐related data.ResultsThe mean age of patients at the first diagnosis of NMSC was 51 years (range: 29–71 years). Most first diagnoses occurred within nine years post‐transplant. The majority of patients (n = 48) had Fitzpatrick skin phototype II, although NMSC was also observed in those with skin phototypes III and IV. Forty‐six (67.6%) RTRs had received a kidney from a living donor. Fifty‐five (80.9%) RTRs had received cytotoxic immunosuppressives, 51 (75.0%) had received calcineurin inhibitors, and two (2.9%) had received mTOR inhibitors. Most of the RTRs developed about eight NMSC lesions, but up to 25 NMSC lesions were diagnosed in one patient. Most lesions (67.6%) were located on sun‐exposed areas. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represented the predominant tumor type, accounting for 70.6% of all tumors, whereas basal cell carcinoma accounted for 29.4% of all tumors. Invasive SCC predominated over in situ SCC. Finally, 48.5% of patients had a previous history of viral warts.ConclusionsLong‐term use of immunosuppressive therapy increases the risk for tumor occurrence. Multiple NMSC tumors can develop in patients in tropical countries, even in patients with a high skin phototype. Therefore, RTRs should understand the high risk for the development of malignant tumors and should be properly informed about the prevention and treatment of NMSC.
Prevalence and predictors of verbal aggression in a secure mental health service: Use of the HCR‐20
Authors: Gunenc Cevher , O'Shea Laura E. , Dickens Geoffrey L. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDespite evidence about the negative effects of verbal aggression in mental health wards there is little research about its prevalence or about the factors that predict the behaviour among inpatients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of verbal aggression in a secure mental health service, and to examine the relationship of verbal aggression with risk factors for aggression in the risk assessment tool HCR‐20 in order to establish whether, and with which factors, the behaviour can be predicted. Verbal aggression was measured using the Overt Aggression Scale (OAS) over a 3‐month period across a heterogeneous patient group (n = 613). Over half the patients (n = 341, 56%) engaged in 1594 incidents of verbal aggression. The HCR‐20 total, clinical, and risk management subscale scores predicted verbal aggression, though effect sizes were not large. Item‐outcome analysis revealed that impulsivity, negative attitudes, and non‐compliance with medication were the best predictors of verbal aggression and, therefore, should be targeted for intervention. There are key synergies between factors predicting verbal aggression and the core mental health nursing role. Nurses, therefore, are in a prime position to develop and implement interventions that may reduce verbal aggression in mental health inpatients.
The fluid dynamics of simultaneous irrigation with negative pressure wound therapy
Authors: Davis Kathryn E , Moquin Kenneth J , Lavery Lawrence A 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSaline irrigation has been shown to be both experimentally and clinically efficacious in decreasing bacterial contamination as well as decreasing infection rates. The dynamics of irrigation delivery fall into two primary categories: simultaneous and intermittent irrigation. An important component to irrigation therapy is distribution of irrigation solution to hard‐to‐reach areas of a wound bed, including undermining and fissure‐like structures. Here we test the effectiveness of simultaneous irrigation to fill the irregular structures of a wound bed. In order to visualise the dynamic movement of irrigation solution, three‐dimensional wound models were constructed using clear synthetic ballistic gel. Wounds with the aforementioned characteristics were carved into the ballistic gel with varying area, depth and volume. All three wounds were dressed as per manufacturer's instructions. Data demonstrate that simultaneous irrigation is effective in reaching all parts of a wound bed in wound models that have both undermining and tunnelling, and irrigation effectively saturates bridged wounds. Finally, this study shows that there is constant turnover of irrigation solution in the wound that is driven more by administration volume and less by flow rate. These data show that simultaneous irrigation is an effective technique for delivering irrigation solution to both simple and complex wounds.
Effectiveness of body–mind–spirit intervention on well‐being, functional impairment and quality of life among depressive patients – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Rentala Sreevani , Fong Ted C.T. , Nattala Prasanthi , Chan Cecilia L.W. , Konduru Reddemma 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of the study was to examine the efficacy of body–mind–spirit Intervention in improving the outcomes (well‐being, quality of life and functional impairment) among depressive patients.BackgroundDepressive disorders lead to significant dysfunction, disability and poor quality of life among sufferers. Body–mind–spirit intervention has been associated with improvements in the outcomes; however, few studies have examined this among depressive patients.DesignTrue experimental pre–post equivalent groups design was adopted with longitudinal measurement of outcomes.MethodsParticipants were 120 adult depressive patients visiting the psychiatric outpatient department in a District Hospital in India. The participants were randomly assigned to either the body–mind–spirit group or the treatment‐as‐usual group between July 2011–January 2013. The treatment‐as‐usual group (n = 64) received only routine treatment (antidepressants and structured psycho‐education) in the hospital. The body–mind–spirit group (n = 56) received four weekly body–mind–spirit group sessions in addition to the routine treatment. Outcome measures on depression, well‐being, functional impairment and quality of life were evaluated for both groups at baseline and at four follow‐up assessments in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 6th month. Treatment effects of the body–mind–spirit intervention were analysed by repeated‐measures analysis of covariance.FindingsCompared with the treatment‐as‐usual group, the body–mind–spirit group showed significant reduction in depression and functional impairment, and significant improvement in the well‐being and quality of life scores over the 6‐month study period.ConclusionThe present findings provided evidence for the effectiveness of integrating a complementary therapy such as the body–mind–spirit intervention with conventional treatment in improving prospective outcomes among the depressive patients.
Prevalence of periodontitis in an adult population from an urban area in North Italy: findings from a cross‐sectional population‐based epidemiological survey
Authors: Aimetti Mario , Perotto Stefano , Castiglione Anna , Mariani Giulia M. , Ferrarotti Francesco , Romano Federica 
Published: May 2015

AbstractAimThere is a paucity of up‐to‐date data regarding prevalence and risk indicators of periodontitis in Italy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of periodontitis and its risk indicators among adults from an urban area in North Italy.Material and MethodsThis cross‐sectional survey used a stratified two‐stage probability sampling method to draw a representative sample of the adult population of the city of Turin. About 1600 individuals, 20–75 years old, were randomly selected and 736 subjects agreed to participate (47% of the sampled subjects). Clinical parameters were assessed using a full‐mouth protocol. Logistic models were applied to assess associations between periodontitis and its putative risk indicators. Age was included as restricted cubic spline.ResultsBased on CDC/AAP case definition, the prevalence estimates of severe and moderate periodontitis were 34.94% (95% CI: 31.23–38.74) and 40.78% (95% CI: 36.89–44.79). The probability of periodontitis increased in smokers (adjusted OR 2.06, 95% IC: 1.26–3.37, p = 0.004) and with age but leveled off in the 50+ year‐old group (p < 0.001).ConclusionPeriodontitis was highly prevalent in the Turin population. The present data will enable development of appropriate public health programs and allocation of resources.
Early identification of ADHD risk via infant temperament and emotion regulation: a pilot study
Authors: Sullivan Elinor L. , Holton Kathleen F. , Nousen Elizabeth K. , Barling Ashley N. , Sullivan Ceri A. , Propper Cathi B. , Nigg Joel T. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is theorized to have temperamental precursors early in life. These are difficult to identify because many core features of ADHD, such as breakdowns in executive function and self‐control, involve psychological and neural systems that are too immature to reliably show dysfunction in early life. ADHD also involves emotional dysregulation, and these temperamental features appear earlier as well. Here, we report a first attempt to utilize indices of emotional regulation to identify ADHD‐related liability in infancy.MethodsFifty women were recruited in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, with overselection for high parental ADHD symptoms. Measures of maternal body mass index, nutrition, substance use, stress, and mood were examined during pregnancy as potential confounds. Offspring were evaluated at 6 months of age using LABTAB procedures designed to elicit fear, anger, and regulatory behavior. Mothers completed the Infant Behavior Questionnaire about their child's temperament.ResultsAfter control for associated covariates, including maternal depression and prenatal stress, family history of ADHD was associated with measures of anger/irritability, including infant negative vocalizations during the arm restraint task (p = .004), and maternal ratings of infant distress to limitations (p = .036). In the regulation domain, familial ADHD was associated with less parent‐oriented attention seeking during the still face procedure (p < .001), but this was not echoed in the maternal ratings of recovery from distress.ConclusionsAffective response at 6 months of age may identify infants with familial history of ADHD, providing an early indicator of ADHD liability. These preliminary results provide a foundation for further studies and will be amplified by enlarging this cohort and following participants longitudinally to evaluate ADHD outcomes.
miR‐27a rs895819 polymorphism and risk of cancer in Chinese population: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Yuan Lu , Zhang Ting‐ting , Ren Yan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivePrevious studies have evaluated the association between miR‐27a rs895819 polymorphism and cancer risk in Chinese population, but the results were inconclusive. The present meta‐analysis was conducted to clarify these controversies.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted to identify all relevant case‐control studies of miR‐27a rs895819 polymorphism and cancer risk in Chinese participants. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of any association.ResultsA total of 12 case‐control studies involving 2655 cases and 3106 controls were included. Overall, the results suggested that there was no significant association between miR‐27a rs895819 polymorphism and cancer risk in Chinese population (OR = 1.14, 95%CI 0.86 to1.15, P = 0.85 for GG vs. AA). In the subgroup analysis by the source of controls, no significant association was found either among hospital‐based group (OR = 1.16, 95%CI 0.78 to 1.73) or population‐based group (OR = 1.06, 95%CI 0.74 to 1.35). However, when stratified by cancer types, we found a significant association between the polymorphism with colorectal cancer (OR = 1.56, 95%CI 1.01 to 2.40 for GG vs. AA).ConclusionmiR‐27a rs895819 polymorphism was associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer in Chinese population.