bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observational Study of Large Amplitude Longitudinal Oscillations in a Solar Filament
Authors: Knizhnik Kalman , Luna Manuel , Muglach Karin , Gilbert Holly , Kucera Therese , Karpen Judith 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOn 20 August 2010 an energetic disturbance triggered damped large-amplitude longitudinal (LAL) oscillations in almost an entire filament. In the present work we analyze this periodic motion in the filament to characterize the damping and restoring mechanism of the oscillation. Our method involves placing slits along the axis of the filament at different angles with respect to the spine of the filament, finding the angle at which the oscillation is clearest, and fitting the resulting oscillation pattern to decaying sinusoidal and Bessel functions. These functions represent the equations of motion of a pendulum damped by mass accretion. With this method we determine the period and the decaying time of the oscillation. Our preliminary results support the theory presented by Luna and Karpen (2012) that the restoring force of LAL oscillations is solar gravity in the tubes where the threads oscillate, and the damping mechanism is the ongoing accumulation of mass onto the oscillating threads. Following an earlier paper, we have determined the magnitude and radius of curvature of the dipped magnetic flux tubes hosting a thread along the filament, as well as the mass accretion rate of the filament threads, via the fitted parameters.
Coronal Condensation in Funnel Prominences as Return Flows of the Chromosphere-Corona Mass Cycle
Authors: Liu Wei , Berger Thomas E. , Low B. C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe present SDO/AIA observations of a potentially novel type of prominence, called “funnel prominence”, that forms out of coronal condensation at magnetic dips.They can drain a large amount of mass (up to ~1015 g day−1) and may play an important role as return flows of the chromosphere-corona mass cycle.
Column Density Measurements of a Prominence Observed by AIA
Authors: McCauley Patrick I. , Su Yingna , DeLuca Edward , van Ballegooijen Adriaan 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe present column density measurements of a polar crown prominence observed on March 9th, 2012 by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) aboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory. The structure was viewed on the east limb by AIA and erupted about 30 hours after the observations shown here. We estimate column density by approximating the obscured background emission to obtain an optical depth. This can then be combined with the absorption cross sections of neutral hydrogen and helium, along with the He:H abundance ratio, to calculate column density. We perform this calculation for the 171, 193, 211, and 335 Å AIA passbands.
HMI observations of two types of ephemeral regions
Authors: Yang Shuhong , Zhang Jun , Liu Yang 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUsing the magnetograms observed with the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager, we statistically study the ephemeral regions (ERs) of the Sun. we notice that the areas with locations around S15° and N25° have larger ER number density, implying that the generation of ERs may be affected by the large-scale background fields from dispersed active regions. According to their evolution, the ERs can be classified into two types, i.e., normal ERs (2798 ones) and self-canceled ERs (190 ones). Submergence of initial magnetic flux loops connecting the opposite dipolar polarities may lead to the self-cancellation.
Characterization of intermittent structures in the solar wind
Authors: Nakwacki M. S. , Ruiz M. E. , Dasso S. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe solar wind (SW) is a suitable natural scenario to study the intermittent nature of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence for systems with low dissipation rate. In particular, nonlinear wave-wave interactions can be characterized by the degree of phase correlation and by departures from Gaussianity of the magnetic field. In this work, we study in situ observations of magnetic field intensity from the spacecraft ACE, which is located near one astronomical unit from the Sun, in the SW near Earth. We compute the phase coherence index analyzing two sets of observations, each one consisting of approximately three months during 2008 and 2012, respectively. From these sets of data we characterize intermittent features of the magnetic field intensity corresponding to a solar maximum and a solar minimum.
Magnetic reconnection driven by filament eruption in the 7 June 2011 event
Authors: van Driel-Gesztelyi L. , Baker D. , Török T. , Pariat E. , Green L. M. , Williams D. R. , Carlyle J. , Valori G. , Démoulin P. , Matthews S. A. , Kliem B. , Malherbe J.-M. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDuring an unusually massive filament eruption on 7 June 2011, SDO/AIA imaged for the first time significant EUV emission around a magnetic reconnection region in the solar corona. The reconnection occurred between magnetic fields of the laterally expanding CME and a neighbouring active region. A pre-existing quasi-separatrix layer was activated in the process. This scenario is supported by data-constrained numerical simulations of the eruption. Observations show that dense cool filament plasma was re-directed and heated in situ, producing coronal-temperature emission around the reconnection region. These results provide the first direct observational evidence, supported by MHD simulations and magnetic modelling, that a large-scale re-configuration of the coronal magnetic field takes place during solar eruptions via the process of magnetic reconnection.
Diversity and methane oxidation of active epibiotic methanotrophs on live Shinkaia crosnieri
Authors: Watsuji Tomo-o , Yamamoto Asami , Takaki Yoshihiro , Ueda Kenji , Kawagucci Shinsuke , Takai Ken 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Shinkaia crosnieri is a galatheid crab that predominantly dwells in deep-sea hydrothermal systems in the Okinawa Trough, Japan. In this study, the phylogenetic diversity of active methanotrophs in the epibiotic microbial community on the setae of S. crosnieri was characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of a functional gene (pmoA) encoding a subunit of particulate methane monooxygenase. Phylogenetic analysis of pmoA transcript sequences revealed that the active epibiotic methanotrophs on S. crosnieri setae consisted of gammaproteobacterial type Ia and Ib methanotrophs. The effect of different RNA stabilization procedures on the abundance of pmoA and 16S rRNA transcripts in the epibiotic community was estimated by quantitative RT-PCR. Our novel RNA fixation method performed immediately after sampling effectively preserved cellular RNA assemblages, particularly labile mRNA populations, including pmoA mRNA. Methane consumption in live S. crosnieri was also estimated by continuous-flow incubation under atmospheric and in situ hydrostatic pressures, and provided a clear evidence of methane oxidation activity of the epibiotic microbial community, which was not significantly affected by hydrostatic pressure. Our study revealed the significant ecological function and nutritional contribution of epibiotic methanotrophs to the predominant S. crosnieri populations in the Okinawa Trough deep-sea hydrothermal systems. In conclusion, our study gave clear facts about diversity and methane oxidation of active methanotrophs in the epibiotic community associated with invertebrates.
Connecting thermal physiology and latitudinal niche partitioning in marine Synechococcus
Authors: Pittera Justine , Humily Florian , Thorel Maxine , Grulois Daphné , Garczarek Laurence , Six Christophe 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Marine Synechococcus cyanobacteria constitute a monophyletic group that displays a wide latitudinal distribution, ranging from the equator to the polar fronts. Whether these organisms are all physiologically adapted to stand a large temperature gradient or stenotherms with narrow growth temperature ranges has so far remained unexplored. We submitted a panel of six strains, isolated along a gradient of latitude in the North Atlantic Ocean, to long- and short-term variations of temperature. Upon a downward shift of temperature, the strains showed strikingly distinct resistance, seemingly related to their latitude of isolation, with tropical strains collapsing while northern strains were capable of growing. This behaviour was associated to differential photosynthetic performances. In the tropical strains, the rapid photosystem II inactivation and the decrease of the antioxydant β-carotene relative to chl a suggested a strong induction of oxidative stress. These different responses were related to the thermal preferenda of the strains. The northern strains could grow at 10 °C while the other strains preferred higher temperatures. In addition, we pointed out a correspondence between strain isolation temperature and phylogeny. In particular, clades I and IV laboratory strains were all collected in the coldest waters of the distribution area of marine Synechococus. We, however, show that clade I Synechococcus exhibit different levels of adaptation, which apparently reflect their location on the latitudinal temperature gradient. This study reveals the existence of lineages of marine Synechococcus physiologically specialised in different thermal niches, therefore suggesting the existence of temperature ecotypes within the marine Synechococcus radiation.
Substrate-induced Band Gap Renormalization in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Lanzillo Nicholas A. , Kharche Neerav , Nayak Saroj K. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe quasiparticle band gaps of semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) supported on a weakly-interacting hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrate are computed using density functional theory and the GW Approximation. We find that the direct band gaps of the (7,0), (8,0) and (10,0) carbon nanotubes are renormalized to smaller values in the presence of the dielectric h-BN substrate. The decrease in the band gap is the result of a polarization-induced screening effect, which alters the correlation energy of the frontier CNT orbitals and stabilizes valence band maximum and conduction band minimum. The value of the band gap renormalization is on the order of 0.25 to 0.5 eV in each case. Accounting for polarization-induced band gap changes is crucial in comparing computed values with experiment, since nanotubes are almost always grown on substrates.
Parametrically Amplified Bright-state Polariton of Four- and Six-wave Mixing in an Optical Ring Cavity
Authors: Chen Haixia , Zhang Yiqi , Yao Xin , Wu Zhenkun , Zhang Xun , Zhang Yanpeng , Xiao Min 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe report experimental studies of bright-state polaritons of four-wave mixing (FWM) and six-wave mixing (SWM) signals through cascade nonlinear optical parametric amplification processes in an atom-cavity composite system for the first time. Also, the coexisting cavity transmission modes of parametrically amplified FWM and SWM signals are observed. Finally, electromagnetically induced absorption by the FWM cavity modes in the probe beam is investigated. The investigations can find potential applications in multi-channel narrow-band long-distance quantum communication.
Transcriptionally correlated subcellular dynamics of MBNL1 during lens development and their implication for the molecular pathology of myotonic dystrophy type 1
Authors: Coleman Stewart M. , Prescott Alan R. , Sleeman Judith E. 
Published: January 2014

DM1 (myotonic dystrophy type 1) is caused by elongation of a CTG repeat in the DMPK (dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase) gene. mRNA transcripts containing these CUGexp (CUG expansion) repeats form accumulations, or foci, in the nucleus of the cell. The pathogenesis of DM1 is proposed to result from inappropriate patterns of alternative splicing caused by sequestration of the developmentally regulated alternative splicing factor MBNL1 (muscleblind-like 1) by these foci. Since eye lens cataract is a common feature of DM1 we have examined the distribution and dynamics of MBNL1 in lens epithelial cell lines derived from patients with DM1. The results of the present study demonstrate that only a small proportion of nuclear MBNL1 accumulates in CUGexp pre-mRNA foci. MBNL1 is, however, highly mobile and changes localization in response to altered transcription and splicing activity. Moreover, immunolocalization studies in lens sections suggest that a change in MBNL1 distribution is important during lens growth and differentiation. Although these data suggest that the loss of MBNL1 function due to accumulation in foci is an unlikely explanation for DM1 symptoms in the lens, they do demonstrate a strong relationship between the subcellular MBNL1 localization and pathways of cellular differentiation, providing an insight into the sensitivity of the lens to changes in MBNL1 distribution.
Cardiovascular Medication Use Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: The Australian Experience
Authors: Cole Justin A. , Brennan Angela L. , Ajani Andrew E. , Yan Bryan P. , Duffy Stephen J. , Loane Philippa , Reid Christopher M. , Yudi Matias B. , New Gishel , Black Alexander , Shaw James , Clark David J. , Andrianopoulos Nick 
Published: January 2014

SummaryAimsDespite the guidelines, a “treatment gap” exists in the delivery of pharmacotherapy for secondary prevention. We aimed to analyze the trend in guideline‐based medication usage following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using the Melbourne Interventional Group (MIG) registry over a 6‐year period (2005–2010).MethodsThe MIG registry prospectively collects demographical, clinical, and procedural characteristics of consecutive patients undergoing PCI. We assessed medication use (aspirin, clopidogrel, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta‐blockers, and lipid‐lowering agents) at 30 days and 12 months in patients alive and able to provide the information.ResultsThe cohort consists of 12,813 patients who underwent 14,787 consecutive interventional procedures. They comprised 76% males: 22% were elderly (≥75 years), 23% had diabetes, 2% had severe renal impairment, 2% had severe left ventricular dysfunction, 26% presented with STEMI, and 44% of patients received drug‐eluting stent. Follow‐up was complete for 97.8% of the cohort at 30 days (2.2% mortality) and 89.1% at 12 months (4% mortality). From 2005 to 2010, the percentage of patients taking all five classes of medications increased each year. In 2010 at 30 days, nearly 60% of patients took all five classes of medications, and by 12 months, 75% of patients were taking four or five classes of medications.ConclusionIn conclusion, while the increasing use of cardiovascular medicines in an “at‐risk” Australian cohort is encouraging, a treatment gap appears to still exist.
Donation After Cardiac Death and the Emergency Department: Ethical Issues
Authors: Simon Jeremy R. , Schears Raquel M. , Padela Aasim I. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractOrgan donation after cardiac death (DCD) is increasingly considered as an option to address the shortage of organs available for transplantation, both in the United States and worldwide. The procedures for DCD differ from procedures for donation after brain death and are likely less familiar to emergency physicians (EPs), even as this process is increasingly involving emergency departments (EDs). This article explores the ED operational and ethical issues surrounding this procedure.
Retrospective Analysis of Etomidate Versus Ketamine for First‐pass Intubation Success in an Academic Emergency Department
Authors: Patanwala Asad E. , McKinney Courtney B. , Erstad Brian L. , Sakles John C. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to compare first‐pass intubation success between patients who received etomidate versus ketamine for rapid sequence intubation (RSI) in the emergency department (ED).MethodsThis was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data recorded in a quality improvement database between July 1, 2007, and December 31, 2012. The study was conducted in an academic ED in the United States. All patients who received etomidate or ketamine as part of RSI were included. The primary outcome measure was first‐pass success. A multivariate analysis was conducted to determine if sedative type was associated with first‐pass success, after adjusting for potential confounders and baseline differences.ResultsThe final cohort consisted of 2,098 RSI procedures using either etomidate (n = 1,983) or ketamine (n = 115). First‐pass success occurred in 77.0% of patients in the etomidate group and 79.1% of patients in the ketamine group (difference = –2.1%; 95% CI = –5.5% to 9.8%). In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, sedative type was not associated with first‐pass success (odds ratio = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.5 to 1.5; p = 0.632).ConclusionsEtomidate and ketamine are associated with equivalent first‐pass success when used in RSI. Ketamine may be an appropriate alternative to etomidate for RSI in the ED.
Economic analysis comparing induction of labor and expectant management in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes between 34 and 37 weeks (PPROMEXIL trial)
Authors: Vijgen Sylvia M. C. , van der Ham David P. , Bijlenga Denise , van Beek Johannes J. , Bloemenkamp Kitty W. M. , Kwee Anneke , Groenewout Mariët , Kars Michael M. , Kuppens Simone , Mantel Gerald , Molkenboer Jan F. M. , Mulder Antonius L. M. , Nijhuis Jan G. , Pernet Paula J. M. , Porath Martina , Woiski Mallory D. , Weinans Martin J. N. , van Wijngaarden Wim J. , Wildschut Hajo I. J. , Akerboom Bertina , Sikkema J. Marko , Willekes Christine , Mol Ben W. J. , Opmeer Brent C. ,   The PPROMEXIL study group
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the costs of induction of labor and expectant management in women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM).DesignEconomic analysis based on a randomized clinical trial.SettingObstetric departments of eight academic and 52 non‐academic hospitals in the Netherlands.PopulationWomen withPPROMnear term who were not in labor 24 h afterPPROM.MethodsA cost‐minimization analysis was done from a health care provider perspective, using a bottom‐up approach to estimate resource utilization, valued with unit‐costs reflecting actual costs.Main outcome measuresPrimary health outcome was the incidence of neonatal sepsis. Direct medical costs were estimated from start of randomization to hospital discharge of mother and child.ResultsInduction of labor did not significantly reduce the probability of neonatal sepsis [2.6% vs. 4.1%, relative risk 0.64 (95% confidence interval 0.25–1.6)]. Mean costs per woman were €8094 for induction and €7340 for expectant management (difference €754; 95% confidence interval −335 to 1802). This difference predominantly originated in the postpartum period, where the mean costs were €5669 for induction vs. €4801 for expectant management. Delivery costs were higher in women allocated to induction than in women allocated to expectant management (€1777 vs. €1153 per woman). Antepartum costs in the expectant management group were higher because of longer antepartum maternal stays in hospital.ConclusionsIn women with pregnancies complicated byPPROMnear term, induction of labor does not reduce neonatal sepsis, whereas costs associated with this strategy are probably higher.
Review article: the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir, a novel, oral nucleotide NS5B polymerase inhibitor, in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection
Authors: Koff R. S. 
Published: January 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe treatment of chronic hepatitis C is changing rapidly.AimTo review clinical studies of the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir‐containing regimens in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C.MethodsUsing PubMed and search terms ‘sofosbuvir,’ ‘emerging HCV treatment,’ and ‘HCV polymerase inhibitor,’ literature on the clinical development of sofosbuvir, as well as abstracts presented at the November 2013 annual meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD), was reviewed. The last search was undertaken on 15 November 2014.ResultsIn a dose of 400 mg once daily, the drug has been safe and generally well tolerated with most adverse reactions attributable to the concurrent use of ribavirin or peginterferon plus ribavirin. A high barrier to resistance has been demonstrated. In genotype 1 (G1) patients, the addition of sofosbuvir to peginterferon plus ribavirin yielded sustained virological response rates at week 12 after discontinuation of treatment (SVR12) of about 90% with slightly lower levels in G1b and in patients with cirrhosis, but with no major impact of IL28B genotype, high viral load, body mass index (BMI), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or race/ethnicity. In genotype 2 (G2), sofosbuvir and ribavirin for 12 weeks also resulted in SVR12 of 90% or better with little effect from cirrhosis. In contrast, genotype 3 (G3) was less responsive to 12 weeks of sofosbuvir plus ribavirin, especially in the presence of cirrhosis.ConclusionThe efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir‐containing regimens with ribavirin alone or with peginterferon plus ribavirin signal a new era in treatment.
In Search of Potent 5‐HT6 Receptor Inverse Agonists
Authors: Hostetler Greg , Dunn Derek , McKenna Beth Ann , Kopec Karla , Chatterjee Sankar 
Published: January 2014

A series of non‐sulfonamide/non‐sulfone derived potent 5‐HT6 receptor inverse agonists has been disclosed. Representative compound 9 (Ki = 14 nm) displayed selectivity against a set of family members as well as brain permeability 6 h post‐oral administration. In addition, the separated enantiomers of compound 9 displayed difference in activity indicating the influence of chirality on potency.
An overview of platelet indices and methods for evaluating platelet function in thrombocytopenic patients
Authors: Vinholt Pernille J. , Hvas Anne‐Mette , Nybo Mads 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThrombocytopenia is associated with bleeding risk. However, in thrombocytopenic patients, platelet count does not correlate with bleeding risk and other factors are thus likely to contribute to this risk. This review presents currently available platelet‐related markers available on automated haematology analysers and commonly used methods for testing platelet function. The test principles, advantages and disadvantages of each test are described. We also evaluate the current literature regarding the clinical utility of the test for prediction of bleeding in thrombocytopenia in haematological and oncological diseases. We find that several platelet‐related markers are available, but information about the clinical utility in thrombocytopenia is limited. Studies support that mean platelet volume (MPV) can aid diagnosing the cause of thrombocytopenia and low MPV may be associated with bleeding in thrombocytopenia. Flow cytometry, platelet aggregometry and platelet secretion tests are used to diagnose specific platelet function defects. The flow cytometric activation marker P‐selectin and surface coverage by the Cone‐and‐Plate[let] analyser predict bleeding in selected thrombocytopenic populations. To fully uncover the clinical utility of platelet‐related tests, information about the prevalence of platelet function defects in thrombocytopenic conditions is required. Finally, knowledge of the performance in thrombocytopenic samples from patients is essential.