bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-linked xenogenic collagen implantation in the sheep model for vaginal surgery
Authors: Endo Masayuki , Urbankova Iva , Vlacil Jaromir , Sengupta Siddarth , Deprest Thomas , Klosterhalfen Bernd , Feola Andrew , Deprest Jan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe properties of meshes used in reconstructive surgery affect the host response and biomechanical characteristics of the grafted tissue. Whereas durable synthetics induce a chronic inflammation, biological grafts are usually considered as more biocompatible. The location of implantation is another determinant of the host response: the vagina is a different environment with specific function and anatomy. Herein, we evaluated a cross-linked acellular collagen matrix (ACM), pretreated by the anti-calcification procedure ADAPT® in a sheep model for vaginal surgery. Ten sheep were implanted with a cross-linked ACM, and six controls were implanted with a polypropylene (PP; 56 g/m2) control. One implant was inserted in the lower rectovaginal septum, and one was used for abdominal wall defect reconstruction. Grafts were removed after 180 days; all graft-related complications were recorded, and explants underwent bi-axial tensiometry and contractility testing. Half of ACM-implanted animals had palpable induration in the vaginal implantation area, two of these also on the abdominal implant. One animal had a vaginal exposure. Vaginal ACMs were 63 % less stiff compared to abdominal ACM explants (p = 0.01) but comparable to vaginal PP explants. Seven anterior vaginal ACM explants showed areas of graft degradation on histology. There was no overall difference in vaginal contractility. Considering histologic degradation in the anterior vaginal implant as representative for the host, posterior ACM explants of animals with degradation had a 60 % reduced contractility as compared to PP (p = 0.048). Three abdominal implants showed histologic degradation; those were more compliant than non-degraded implants. Vaginal implantation with ACM was associated with graft-related complications (GRCs) and biomechanical properties comparable to PP. Partially degraded ACM had a decreased vaginal contractility.
Clearing the Air: A Qualitative Investigation of Genetic Counselors’ Experiences of Counselor‐Focused Patient Anger
Authors: Schema Lynn , McLaughlin Michaela , Veach Patricia McCarthy , LeRoy Bonnie S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPatient anger is challenging for healthcare professionals to manage, particularly when it is directed at them. This study comprises the first in‐depth investigation of genetic counselors’ experiences with patient anger. Using a brief survey and interview methods, this study explored prevalence and context of patient anger directed at the genetic counselor, how genetic counselors manage patient anger directed at them, and possible thematic differences due to genetic counseling experience. Individuals enrolled in the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) listserv were invited to participate in a study of their experiences with patient anger directed at them. A majority of survey respondents (95.7 %, 243/254) reported experiencing patient anger directed at them, and 19.4 % reported having feared for their safety because of patient anger. Twenty‐two survey respondents were purposively selected to participate in individual interviews. Inductive and cross case analysis yielded prevalent themes concerning patient triggers for anger, including bad news, logistical mishaps, and perceived counselor characteristics. Interview results further suggest unaddressed patient anger negatively affected patient and counselor emotional well‐being and hindered genetic counseling goals. Prevalent challenges included genetic counselor attempts to accurately recognize, understand, and effectively manage patient anger without taking it personally. Commonly recommended strategies for addressing anger were empathy (i.e., understanding origins of patient anger), anticipating and acknowledging anger, maintaining personal, professional and legal protection, and debriefing with colleagues. Themes were quite similar across counselor experience levels. The findings underscore the importance of training and continuing education regarding patient anger. Additional findings, practice implications, and research recommendations are presented.
Foreign-born Peers and Academic Performance
Authors: Conger Dylan 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe academic performance of foreign-born youth in the United States is well studied, yet little is known about whether and how foreign-born students influence their classmates. In this article, I develop a set of expectations regarding the potential consequences of immigrant integration across schools, with a distinction between the effects of sharing schools with immigrants who are designated as English language learners (ELL) and those who are not. I then use administrative data on multiple cohorts of Florida public high school students to estimate the effect of immigrant shares on immigrant and native-born students’ academic performance. The identification strategy pays careful attention to the selection problem by estimating the effect of foreign-born peers from deviations in the share foreign-born across cohorts of students attending the same school in different years. The assumption underlying this approach is that students choose schools based on the composition of the entire school, not on the composition of each entering cohort. The results of the analysis, which hold under several robustness checks, indicate that foreign-born peers (both those who are ELL and those who are non-ELL) have no effect on their high school classmates’ academic performance.
Ulnar Neuropathy After Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Shim Jae Seong , Chung Sun G. , Bang Hyun , Lee Hyuk Jin , Kim Keewon 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCurrently, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) is widely used for treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders. We report a case of ulnar neuropathy secondary to the application of ESWT. A 48‐year‐old man was diagnosed with medial epicondylitis and underwent 2 sessions of ESWT. Immediately after the second session, he experienced paresthesia and weakness in the right hand. On physical examination, atrophy of the first dorsal interosseus and weakness of the abductor digiti minimi were observed. Electrophysiologic study demonstrated ulnar neuropathy at the elbow with severe partial axonotmesis. Our case report demonstrates that ESWT might cause or contribute to peripheral nerve injury at the site of application.
Board independence and corporate investments
Authors: Lu Jun , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis research investigates whether and how board independence influences corporate investment decisions in a Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) framework, where the capital investment and the research and development (R&D) investment are examined simultaneously. We argue that the free cash flow problem primarily inflicts capital investments, while the managerial conservatism mainly undercuts the more risky R&D investments. Consistent with independent board mitigating both agency problems, we find that firms with a higher degree of board independence is negatively associated with capital investments but positively associated with R&D investments, after controlling for common determinants of investments. We address the endogeneity of board independence by exploiting an exogenous change in board structure brought about by the Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SOX) and continue to find consistent results.
Pulsating pipe flow with large-amplitude oscillations in the very high frequency regime. Part 2. Phase-averaged analysis
Authors: Manna M. , Vacca A. , Verzicco R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis paper is the follow-up of a previous study (Manna, Vacca & Verzicco,J. Fluid Mech., vol. 700, 2012, pp. 246–282) that numerically investigated the effects of a harmonic volume forcing on the turbulent pipe flow at a bulk Reynolds number of$\simeq 5900$. There, the investigation was focused on the time- and space-averaged statistics of the first- and second-order moments of the velocity, the vorticity fluctuations and the Reynolds stress budgets in order to study the changes induced on the mean current by the oscillating component. The amplitude of the latter was used as a parameter for the analysis. However, as the flow is inherently unsteady, the phase-averaged statistics are also of interest, and this is the motivation and subject of the present study. Here, we show the variability of the above quantities during different phases of the flow cycle and how they are affected by the amplitude of the oscillation. It is observed that when the ratio of the oscillating to the time-constant velocity component is of the order of one (${\it\beta}\simeq O(1)$), the phase-averaged profiles are appreciably influenced by the pulsation, although only small deviations of the time-averaged counterparts have been documented. In contrast, when that ratio is increased by one order of magnitude (${\it\beta}\simeq O(10)$) the phase- and cycle-averaged quantities differ considerably, especially during the decelerating part of the cycle. In more detail, the amplitude and the phase of all turbulence statistics show significant variations with${\it\beta}$. This variability has important implications in the dynamics and modelling of these flows. Since the data have been obtained by direct numerical simulations and validated by comparisons with experimental studies, the results could be used for validation of codes, testing of turbulence models or measurement procedures.
Optimal wavepackets in streamwise corner flow
Authors: Schmidt Oliver T. , Hosseini Seyed M. , Rist Ulrich , Hanifi Ardeshir , Henningson Dan S. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe global non-modal stability of the flow in a right-angled streamwise corner is investigated. Spatially confined linear optimal initial conditions and responses are obtained by use of direct-adjoint looping. Two base states are considered, the classical self-similar solution for a zero streamwise pressure gradient, and a modified solution that mimics leading-edge effects commonly observed in experimental studies. The latter solution is obtained in a reverse engineering fashion from published measurement data. Prior to the global analysis, a classical local linear stability and sensitivity analysis of both base states is conducted. It is found that the base-flow modification drastically reduces the critical Reynolds number through an inviscid mechanism, the so-called corner mode. A survey of the geometry of the two base states confirms that the modification greatly aggravates the inflectional nature of the flow. Global optimals are calculated for subcritical and supercritical Reynolds numbers, and for two finite optimization times. The optimal initial conditions are found to be self-confined in the spanwise directions, and symmetric with respect to the corner bisector. They evolve into streaks or streamwise modulated wavepackets, depending on the base state. Substantial transient growth caused by the Orr mechanism and the lift-up effect is observed.
On high-frequency sound generated by gust–aerofoil interaction in shear flow
Authors: Ayton Lorna J. , Peake N. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA theoretical model is constructed to predict the far-field sound generated by high-frequency gust–aerofoil interaction in steady parallel shear flow, including the effects of aerofoil thickness. Our approach is to use asymptotic analysis of the Euler equations linearised about steady parallel shear flow, in the limits of high frequency and small, but non-zero, aerofoil thickness and Mach number. The analysis splits the flow into various regions around the aerofoil; local inner regions around the leading and the trailing edges where sound is generated and scattered; a surface transition region accounting for the curvature of the aerofoil; a wake transition region downstream of the aerofoil; and an outer region through which the sound propagates to the observer. Solutions are constructed in all regions, and matched using the principle of matched asymptotic expansions to yield the first two terms in the expansion of both the amplitude and the phase of the far-field pressure. Result are computed for the particular case of scattering of a gust by a symmetric Joukowski aerofoil placed in symmetric Gaussian parallel shear flow. The introduction of mean shear is shown to have a significant effect on the far-field directivity and on the total radiated power.
Association of lameness with milk yield and lactation curves in Chios dairy ewes
Authors: Gelasakis Athanasios I , Arsenos Georgios , Valergakis Georgios E , Banos Georgios 
Published: February 2015

The objective of the study was twofold: (i) to quantify the differences in daily milk yield (DMY) and total milk yield (TMY) between lame and non-lame dairy ewes and (ii) to determine the shape of lactation curves around the lameness incident. The overall study was a prospective study of lameness for the surveyed sheep population, with a nested study including the selection of matching controls for each lame ewe separately. Two intensively reared flocks of purebred Chios ewes and a total of 283 ewes were used. Data, including gait assessment and DMY records, were collected on a weekly basis during on-farm visits across the milking period. A general linear model was developed for the calculation of lactation curves of lame and non-lame ewes, whereas one-way ANOVA was used for the comparisons between lame ewes and their controls. Lameness incidence was 12·4 and 16·8% on Farms A and B, respectively. Average DMY in lame ewes was significantly lower (213·8 g, P < 0·001) compared with the rest of the flock, where DMY averaged 1·340 g. The highest DMY reduction in lame ewes was observed during the week 16 of the milking period (P < 0·001), whereas the reduction of DMY, for lame ewes, remained significant at P < 0·001 level from week 8 to week 28 of milking. Comparisons between lame and controls revealed that at the week of lameness diagnosis a significant DMY reduction (P ≤ 0·001) was observed in lame ewes (about 32·5%), which was maximised 1 week later (35·8%, P ≤ 0·001) and continued for several weeks after recovery, resulting in 19·3% lower TMY for lame ewes for the first 210 d of the milking period (P < 0·01). Moreover, at flock level, TMY for non-lame and lame ewes, as calculated by the general linear model, was 318·9 and 268·0 kg, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate evidence of significant financial losses in dairy sheep due to lameness which, however, need to be accurately estimated in further, more detailed, analyses.
Anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder are associated with abnormalities in processing visual information
Authors: Li W. , Lai T. M. , Bohon C. , Loo S. K. , McCurdy D. , Strober M. , Bookheimer S. , Feusner J. 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundAnorexia nervosa (AN) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are characterized by distorted body image and are frequently co-morbid with each other, although their relationship remains little studied. While there is evidence of abnormalities in visual and visuospatial processing in both disorders, no study has directly compared the two. We used two complementary modalities – event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) – to test for abnormal activity associated with early visual signaling.MethodWe acquired fMRI and ERP data in separate sessions from 15 unmedicated individuals in each of three groups (weight-restored AN, BDD, and healthy controls) while they viewed images of faces and houses of different spatial frequencies. We used joint independent component analyses to compare activity in visual systems.ResultsAN and BDD groups demonstrated similar hypoactivity in early secondary visual processing regions and the dorsal visual stream when viewing low spatial frequency faces, linked to the N170 component, as well as in early secondary visual processing regions when viewing low spatial frequency houses, linked to the P100 component. Additionally, the BDD group exhibited hyperactivity in fusiform cortex when viewing high spatial frequency houses, linked to the N170 component. Greater activity in this component was associated with lower attractiveness ratings of faces.ConclusionsResults provide preliminary evidence of similar abnormal spatiotemporal activation in AN and BDD for configural/holistic information for appearance- and non-appearance-related stimuli. This suggests a common phenotype of abnormal early visual system functioning, which may contribute to perceptual distortions.
Gender as a divine attribute
Authors: REA MICHAEL 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIt is standard within the Christian tradition to characterize God in predominantly masculine terms. Let ‘traditionalism’ refer to the view that this pattern of characterization is theologically mandatory. In this article, I seek to undercut the main motivations for traditionalism by showing that it is not moreaccurateto characterize God as masculine rather than feminine (or vice versa). The novelty of my argument lies in the fact that it presupposes neither theological anti-realism nor a robust doctrine of divine transcendence, but instead rests heavy theoretical weight on theimago Deidoctrine and the method of perfect-being theology. The article closes by examining the implications of the article's main argument for the moral and liturgical propriety of characterizing God in predominantly masculine terms.
Death does not become her: An examination of the public construction of female American soldiers as liminal figures
Authors: MILLAR KATHARINE M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractSince the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq, over 150 female American military personnel have been killed, over 70 following hostile fire. Given Western society’s long-standing practice of reserving the conduct of collective violence to men, these very public deaths are difficult to encompass within the normative and ideological structures of the contemporary American political system. This study examines the ways in which the public duty to commemorate the heroism of soldiers – and the private desire to accurately remember daughters and wives – poses a significant challenge to coherent discursive representation. In doing so, the study employs hermeneutical interpretation to analyse public representations of female soldiers and their relation to death in US popular culture. These representations are examined via Judith Butler’s concept of grievability – the possibility of receiving recognition as a worthy life within the existing social imaginary. It is argued that female soldiers are grievable as both ‘good soldiers’ and ‘good women’, but not as ‘good female soldiers’. The unified subject position of ‘good female soldier’ is liminal, and thus rendered socially and politically unintelligible. The article concludes with an analysis of the implications of this liminality for collective mourning and the possibility of closure after trauma.
Mass transference principle for limsup sets generated by rectangles
Authors: WANG BAO-WEI , WU JUN , XU JIAN 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe generalise the mass transference principle established by Beresnevich and Velani to limsup sets generated by rectangles. More precisely, let {xn}n⩾1be a sequence of points in the unit cube [0, 1]dwithd⩾ 1 and {rn}n⩾1a sequence of positive numbers tending to zero. Under the assumption of full Lebesgue measure theoretical statement of the set\begin{equation*}\big\{x\in [0,1]^d: x\in B(x_n,r_n), \ {{\rm for}\, {\rm infinitely}\, {\rm many}}\ n\in \mathbb{N}\big\},\end{equation*}we determine the lower bound of the Hausdorff dimension and Hausdorff measure of the set\begin{equation*}\big\{x\in [0,1]^d: x\in B^{a}(x_n,r_n), \ {{\rm for}\, {\rm infinitely}\, {\rm many}}\ n\in \mathbb{N}\big\},\end{equation*}wherea= (a1, . . .,ad) with 1 ⩽a1⩽a2⩽ . . . ⩽adandBa(x, r) denotes a rectangle with centerxand side-length (ra1,ra2,. . .,rad). Whena1=a2= . . . =ad, the result is included in the setting considered by Beresnevich and Velani.
A new trend of genotype distribution of hepatitis B virus infection in southeast China (Fujian), 2006–2013
Authors: WEI D. H. , LIU H. Z. , HUANG A. M. , LIU X. L. , LIU J. F. 
Published: February 2015

SUMMARYHBV genotypes have specific geographical distributions and can serve as epidemiological markers. Accumulated data have shown that the major HBV genotypes in China are B and C. Here, the HBV genotypes were examined from 6817 blood samples, which were collected from patients with chronic HBV infection in Fujian Province during 2006–2013; genotype B was identified in 3384 patients (49·6%), while genotype C was identified in 3430 patients (50·3%). The percentage of patients infected with genotype C gradually increased with age from 39·5% (patients aged <20 years) to 63·9% (patients aged >50 years), reaching a peak of 67·3% in the 45–50 years age group. These results clearly demonstrate that the genotype distribution of HBV in Fujian Province has significantly changed in recent years with almost equal numbers of genotype B and genotype C infections existing in the entire patient population, while higher incidence of genotype C infection exists in older patients, but genotype B is no longer dominant in the Fujian area as previously reported.
Relations between early maltreatment and mental representations of relationships assessed with projective storytelling in middle childhood
Authors: McCrone Edward R. , Egeland Byron , Kalkoske Mark , Carlson Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractChildren who participate in the Mother-Child Project, a longitudinal study of high-risk children, were giver projective storytelling task during their sixth-grade year. Story sets were coded for relationship themes like peer acceptance and problem solving, and responses were compared between groups identified based on pas maltreatment. The maltreatment group included 43 children who were identified as having been physically abused, sexually abused, or neglected or having psychologically unavailable care. A control group of 53 children from this high-risk sample was identified as having received adequate care. The remaining participants whose care was questionable were not included in this study. Based on quantitative analyses using a factor measuring relationship expectations and controlling for IQ and socioeconoraic status, the maltreate group told stories significantly more negative compared to the control group. Findings are introduced and discussed in terms of attachment theory and related work addressing the mental representations of maltreated children. In particular, it is proposed that, based on early maltreatment experiences, children acquire internal working models of themselves as unworthy and of others as unavailable. In subsequent relationship situations they would be constricted in cognitively processing events, have difficulty regulating their own emotions, an employ processes of defensive exclusion (e.g. projection, introjection, displacement, splitting, preoccupatioi idealization) to manage their distress feelings.