bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clinical effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of clinical nurse specialist‐led hospital to home transitional care: a systematic review
Authors: Bryant‐Lukosius Denise , Carter Nancy , Reid Kim , Donald Faith , Martin‐Misener Ruth , Kilpatrick Kelley , Harbman Patricia , Kaasalainen Sharon , Marshall Deborah , Charbonneau‐Smith Renee , DiCenso Alba 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesClinical nurse specialists (CNSs) are major providers of transitional care. This paper describes a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the clinical effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of CNS transitional care.MethodsWe searched 10 electronic databases, 1980 to July 2013, and hand‐searched reference lists and key journals for RCTs that evaluated health system outcomes of CNS transitional care. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias and Quality of Health Economic Studies tools. The quality of evidence for individual outcomes was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) tool. We pooled data for similar outcomes.ResultsThirteen RCTs of CNS transitional care were identified (n = 2463 participants). The studies had low (n = 3), moderate (n = 8) and high (n = 2) risk of bias and weak economic analyses. Post‐cancer surgery, CNS care was superior in reducing patient mortality. For patients with heart failure, CNS care delayed time to and reduced death or re‐hospitalization, improved treatment adherence and patient satisfaction, and reduced costs and length of re‐hospitalization stay. For elderly patients and caregivers, CNS care improved caregiver depression and reduced re‐hospitalization, re‐hospitalization length of stay and costs. For high‐risk pregnant women and very low birthweight infants, CNS care improved infant immunization rates and maternal satisfaction with care and reduced maternal and infant length of hospital stay and costs.ConclusionsThere is low‐quality evidence that CNS transitional care improves patient health outcomes, delays re‐hospitalization and reduces hospital length of stay, re‐hospitalization rates and costs. Further research incorporating robust economic evaluation is needed.
Efficacy of Liuzijue Qigong in Individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Remission
Authors: Xiao Chun‐Mei , Zhuang Yong‐Chang 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the effectiveness of a 6‐month Liuzijue qigong (LQG) program in promoting physical and psychosocial function in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).DesignSingle‐blind, randomized controlled trial.SettingSeven hospital respiratory care centers in Beijing.ParticipantsIndividuals with COPD (N = 126; mean age 71.1 ± 2.7, range 65–85).MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: LQG (n = 63) and control (n = 63). Subjects in the LQG group received a LQG program consisting of four 45‐minute sessions each week and daily walking for 30 minutes for 6 months. Control subjects walked daily for 30 minutes. Data collection was performed at baseline, at 6 weeks, and at 6 months. Primary outcomes involved functional capacity, and secondary outcomes involved quality of life.ResultsThe LQG group had greater improvements in the 6‐minute walk test (P = .02); specific airway conductance (P = .02); monitored functional task evaluation (P = .04); Medical Outcomes Study 36‐item Short‐Form Health Survey (SF‐36; general health (P < .001), mental health (P = .03)); Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (dyspnea (P = .05), emotion (P = .05), and mastery (P = .04) at 6‐month follow‐up. After 6 months, the control group had significant improvement only on the SF‐36 mental health (P = .02).ConclusionLQG promoted functional capacity and quality of life in older adults with COPD at 6 months and is a good alternative home exercise program for older adults in the rehabilitation of COPD.
Effects of Prolactin and Lactation on A15 Dopamine Neurones in the Rostral Preoptic Area of Female Mice
Authors: Brown R. S. E. , Herbison A. E. , Grattan D. R. 
Published: July 2015

There are several distinct populations of dopamine neurones in the hypothalamus. Some of these, such as the A12 tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurones and the A14 periventricular dopamine neurones, are known to be regulated by the anterior pituitary hormone prolactin, whereas others, such as the A13 zona incerta dopaminergic neurones, are not. The present study aimed to investigate the role of prolactin in the regulation of a fourth population of hypothalamic dopamine neurones: the A15 dopamine population in the rostral hypothalamus. These neurones may play a role in the regulation of gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, and we hypothesised that they might contribute to the suppression of GnRH release and infertility caused by hyperprolactinaemia. Under basal (low prolactin) conditions, only 8% of A15 dopamine neurones in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) of vehicle‐treated dioestrous mice expressed phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (pSTAT5), as labelled by immunohistochemistry. We have previously shown that this transcription factor can be used as an index of prolactin‐receptor activation. Following acute prolactin administration, 35% of AVPV dopamine neurones co‐expressed pSTAT5, whereas, during lactation, when endogenous prolactin levels are chronically elevated, 55% of AVPV dopamine neurones expressed pSTAT5. There was also a significant increase in dopamine turnover in the rostral hypothalamus, both in the diagonal band of Broca at the level of the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis and in the rostral preoptic area during lactation, with the 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid/dopamine ratio increasing from 0.28 ± 0.04 and 0.14 ± 0.01 in dioestrous mice to 0.82 ± 0.06 and 0.38 ± 0.03, respectively, in day 7 lactating mice. It is not yet known whether this change is driven by the hyperprolactinaemia of lactation, or another lactation‐specific signal. These data demonstrate that the A15 dopaminergic neurones of the rostral hypothalamus are responsive to exogenous prolactin and may be regulated by endogenous prolactin during lactation.
The effect of mucosal cuff shrinkage around dental implants during healing abutment replacement
Authors: Nissan J. , Zenziper E. , Rosner O. , Kolerman R. , Chaushu L. , Chaushu G. 
Published: July 2015

SummarySoft tissue shrinkage during the course of restoring dental implants may result in biological and prosthodontic difficulties. This study was conducted to measure the continuous shrinkage of the mucosal cuff around dental implants following the removal of the healing abutment up to 60 s. Individuals treated with implant‐supported fixed partial dentures were included. Implant data – location, type, length, diameter and healing abutments' dimensions – were recorded. Mucosal cuff shrinkage, following removal of the healing abutments, was measured in bucco‐lingual direction at four time points – immediately after 20, 40 and 60 s. anova was used to for statistical analysis. Eighty‐seven patients (49 women and 38 men) with a total of 311 implants were evaluated (120 maxilla; 191 mandible; 291 posterior segments; 20 anterior segments). Two‐hundred and five (66%) implants displayed thick and 106 (34%) thin gingival biotype. Time was the sole statistically significant parameter affecting mucosal cuff shrinkage around dental implants (P < 0·001). From time 0 to 20, 40 and 60 s, the mean diameter changed from 4·1 to 4·07, 3·4 and 2·81 mm, respectively. The shrinkage was 1%, 17% and 31%, respectively. The gingival biotype had no statistically significant influence on mucosal cuff shrinkage (P = 0·672). Time required replacing a healing abutment with a prosthetic element should be minimised (up to 20/40 s), to avoid pain, discomfort and misfit.
High Rates of Depression and Depressive Symptoms Among Men Referred for Borderline Testosterone Levels
Authors: Westley Christopher J. , Amdur Richard L. , Irwig Michael S. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Men referred for borderline testosterone levels represent an increasingly common clinical scenario, yet there is little literature on this population.

Aim
We hypothesized that men referred for borderline testosterone levels would have higher rates of depression and depressive symptoms than the general population.

Methods
Subjects included 200 adult men (mean age of 48 years old) referred for borderline total testosterone levels between 200 and 350 ng/dL (6.9–12 nmol/L). Collected data included demographic information, medical histories, medication use, signs and symptoms of hypogonadism, and assessments of depressive symptoms and/or a known diagnosis of depression or use of an antidepressant.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measure was a combination of known depression, current use of an antidepressant, and/or depressive symptoms according to the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) with scores ≥10 considered positive.

Results
Depression and/or depressive symptoms were present in 56% of the subjects. This rate was significantly higher than rates of 6–23% (PHQ-9 scores ≥10) seen in general populations. Antidepressant use was 25%. The population was notable for high rates of overweight/obesity and physical inactivity. Common symptoms were erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, fewer AM erections, low energy, and sleep disturbances.

Conclusions
While sexual and nonspecific symptoms (i.e., fatigue) likely prompted measurements of testosterone in this selected population, clinicians should recognize the high rates of depression and depressive symptoms in men referred for borderline testosterone levels. Clinicians should consider screening for depression/depressive symptoms and overweight and unhealthy lifestyle risk factors in men referred for tertiary care for potential hypogonadism.
Estimating sleep from multisensory armband measurements: validity and reliability in teens
Authors: Roane Brandy M. , Van Reen Eliza , Hart Chantelle N. , Wing Rena , Carskadon Mary A. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryGiven the recognition that sleep may influence obesity risk, there is increasing interest in measuring sleep parameters within obesity studies. The goal of the current analyses was to determine whether the SenseWear® Pro3 Armband (armband), typically used to assess physical activity, is reliable at assessing sleep parameters. The armband was compared with the AMI Motionlogger® (actigraph), a validated activity monitor for sleep assessment, and with polysomnography, the gold standard for assessing sleep. Participants were 20 adolescents (mean age = 15.5 years) with a mean body mass index percentile of 63.7. All participants wore the armband and actigraph on their non‐dominant arm while in‐lab during a nocturnal polysomnographic recording (600 min). Epoch‐by‐epoch sleep/wake data and concordance of sleep parameters were examined. No significant sleep parameter differences were found between the armband and polysomnography; the actigraph tended to overestimate sleep and underestimate wake compared with polysomnography. Both devices showed high sleep sensitivity, but lower wake detection rates. Bland–Altman plots showed large individual differences in armband sleep parameter concordance rates. The armband did well estimating sleep overall, with group results more similar to polysomnography than the actigraph; however, the armband was less accurate at an individual level than the actigraph.
Population genetic structure and approximate Bayesian computation analyses reveal the southern origin and northward dispersal of the oriental fruit moth Grapholita molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in its native range
Authors: Wei Shu‐Jun , Cao Li‐Jun , Gong Ya‐Jun , Shi Bao‐Cai , Wang Su , Zhang Fan , Guo Xiao‐Jun , Wang Yuan‐Min , Chen Xue‐Xin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe oriental fruit moth (OFM) Grapholita molesta is one of the most destructive orchard pests. Assumed to be native to China, the moth is now distributed throughout the world. However, the evolutionary history of this moth in its native range remains unknown. In this study, we explored the population genetic structure, dispersal routes and demographic history of the OFM in China and South Korea based on mitochondrial genes and microsatellite loci. The Mantel test indicated a significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance in the populations. Bayesian analysis of population genetic structure (baps) identified four nested clusters, while the geneland analysis inferred five genetic groups with spatial discontinuities. Based on the approximate Bayesian computation approach, we found that the OFM was originated from southern China near the Shilin area of Yunnan Province. The early divergence and dispersal of this moth was dated to the Penultimate glaciation of Pleistocene. Further dispersal from southern to northern region of China occurred before the last glacial maximum, while the expansion of population size in the derived populations in northern region of China occurred after the last glacial maximum. Our results indicated that the current distribution and structure of the OFM were complicatedly influenced by climatic and geological events and human activities of cultivation and wide dissemination of peach in ancient China. We provide an example on revealing the origin and dispersal history of an agricultural pest insect in its native range as well as the underlying factors.
The ECB During the Financial Crisis. Not so Unconventional!
Authors: Febrero Eladio , Uxó Jorge , Dejuán Óscar 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe European Central Bank's balance sheet has expanded notably, without banks granting more credit, and the overnight interest rate has stayed close to the deposit facility level for long periods of time since the onset of the financial crisis. This appears to go against the logic implicit in the post‐Keynesian Horizontalist approach to monetary macroeconomics, which links reserves to credit and holds that a central bank accommodates the demand for reserves in order to control the overnight interest rate. In this article, we analyze the monetary policy implemented by the ECB since the third quarter of 2008, with a view to studying its implications for monetary theory, concluding that this approach can still explain much of what has happened in the Euro Zone in the last troubled years, despite paradoxically, there being excess reserves and simultaneously accepting that reserves are demand led, and that the ECB has lent them at the official rate while the overnight interest rate has been close to the deposit facility rate. Further, this analysis reveals that mainstream monetary theory has not been very useful, because neither the link between reserves and loans nor the relation between reserves and inflation have worked. This leads us to believe that some transmission channels of the monetary policy implemented by the ECB since late 2014, which can be deemed unconventional, will not perform well.
Requesting Belief
Authors: McMyler Benjamin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRequests belong to a family of forms of social influence on action that appear problematic when employed in the attempt to directly influence belief. Explaining why this is so is more difficult than it might at first appear. The fact that belief is not directly subject to the will can only be part of the explanation. It must also be the case that requests are incapable of providing epistemic reasons in a way that parallels that in which they provide practical reasons. I propose an account of the nature of requests that is in a position to explain why requests are incapable of doing this.
A multiparental cross population for mapping QTL for agronomic traits in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum)
Authors: Milner Sara Giulia , Maccaferri Marco , Huang Bevan Emma , Mantovani Paola , Massi Andrea , Frascaroli Elisabetta , Tuberosa Roberto , Salvi Silvio 
Published: July 2015

SummaryMultiparental cross designs for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) provide an efficient alternative to biparental populations because of their broader genetic basis and potentially higher mapping resolution. We describe the development and deployment of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) obtained by crossing four elite cultivars. A linkage map spanning 2664 cM and including 7594 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was produced by genotyping 338 RILs. QTL analysis was carried out by both interval mapping on founder haplotype probabilities and SNP bi‐allelic tests for heading date and maturity date, plant height and grain yield from four field experiments. Sixteen QTL were identified across environments and detection methods, including two yield QTL on chromosomes 2BL and 7AS, with the former mapped independently from the photoperiod response gene Ppd‐B1, while the latter overlapped with the vernalization locus VRN‐A3. Additionally, 21 QTL with environment‐specific effects were found. Our results indicated a prevalence of environment‐specific QTL with relatively small effect on the control of grain yield. For all traits, functionally different QTL alleles in terms of direction and size of genetic effect were distributed among parents. We showed that QTL results based on founder haplotypes closely matched functional alleles at known heading date loci. Despite the four founders, only 2.1 different functional haplotypes were estimated per QTL, on average. This durum wheat population provides a mapping resource for detailed genetic dissection of agronomic traits in an elite background typical of breeding programmes.
Conferring high‐temperature tolerance to nontransgenic tomato scions using graft transmission of RNA silencing of the fatty acid desaturase gene
Authors: Nakamura Shinya , Hondo Kana , Kawara Tomoko , Okazaki Yozo , Saito Kazuki , Kobayashi Kappei , Yaeno Takashi , Yamaoka Naoto , Nishiguchi Masamichi 
Published: July 2015

SummaryWe investigated graft transmission of high‐temperature tolerance in tomato scions to nontransgenic scions from transgenic rootstocks, where the fatty acid desaturase gene (LeFAD7) was RNA‐silenced. Tomato was transformed with a plasmid carrying an inverted repeat of LeFAD7 by Agrobacterium. Several transgenic lines showed the lower amounts of LeFAD7 RNA and unsaturated fatty acids, while nontransgenic control did not, and siRNA was detected in the transgenic lines, but not in control. These lines grew under conditions of high temperature, while nontransgenic control did not. Further, the nontransgenic plants were grafted onto the silenced transgenic plants. The scions showed less of the target gene RNA, and siRNA was detected. Under high‐temperature conditions, these grafted plants grew, while control grafted plants did not. Thus, it was shown that high‐temperature tolerance was conferred in the nontransgenic scions after grafting onto the silenced rootstocks.
FT overexpression induces precocious flowering and normal reproductive development in Eucalyptus
Authors: Klocko Amy L. , Ma Cathleen , Robertson Sarah , Esfandiari Elahe , Nilsson Ove , Strauss Steven H. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryEucalyptus trees are among the most important species for industrial forestry worldwide. However, as with most forest trees, flowering does not begin for one to several years after planting which can limit the rate of conventional and molecular breeding. To speed flowering, we transformed a Eucalyptus grandis × urophylla hybrid (SP7) with a variety of constructs that enable overexpression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). We found that FT expression led to very early flowering, with events showing floral buds within 1–5 months of transplanting to the glasshouse. The most rapid flowering was observed when the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was used to drive the Arabidopsis thaliana FT gene (AtFT). Early flowering was also observed with AtFT overexpression from a 409S ubiquitin promoter and under heat induction conditions with Populus trichocarpa FT1 (PtFT1) under control of a heat‐shock promoter. Early flowering trees grew robustly, but exhibited a highly branched phenotype compared to the strong apical dominance of nonflowering transgenic and control trees. AtFT‐induced flowers were morphologically normal and produced viable pollen grains and viable self‐ and cross‐pollinated seeds. Many self‐seedlings inherited AtFT and flowered early. FT overexpression‐induced flowering in Eucalyptus may be a valuable means for accelerating breeding and genetic studies as the transgene can be easily segregated away in progeny, restoring normal growth and form.
Effects of Light and Salinity Stresses in Production of Mycosporine‐Like Amino Acids by Gymnodinium catenatum (Dinophyceae)
Authors: Vale Paulo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMycosporine‐like amino acids (MAAs) were analyzed in a Portuguese Gymnodinium catenatum strain when transferred to high salinity and high light conditions. Total MAA concentrations increased progressively between 30 and 36 psu, attaining at 36 psu 2.9‐fold the 30 psu treatment. When abruptly transferred to solar light in an outdoor shadowed location, MAA concentration increased steadily along the day for most compounds. After 8 h, mycosporine–glycine, palythene and M‐319 attained or surpassed 25‐fold their initial concentration, while M‐370 only attained 4‐fold concentration. When transferred from halogen to fluorescent light, polar MAAs such as shinorine and porphyra‐334, increased until day two and then declined, while M‐370 increase slowly, becoming the dominant compound from the profile after 1 week. These experiments put into evidence the relation of palythene with M‐319, which was further identified as its acid degradation product, palythine. Acid degradation of M‐370 originated M‐324, while M‐311 seems to be the precursor of M‐370. Under high salinity and high light conditions chain formation was altered toward shorter chains or solitary cells. This alteration can represent a morphological stress sign, which in the natural environment could affect average population speed during daily vertical migrations.
Finding a Middle Way to Develop Europe's Fisheries Dependent Areas: The Role of Fisheries Local Action Groups
Authors: Phillipson Jeremy , Symes David 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAxis 4 of the European Fisheries Fund is an important new opportunity for fishing communities which offers the prospect of integrating local territorial approaches and strategies to support the fishing sector. But what does it mean to find a ‘middle way’ where households, businesses and localities dependent on fishing are part of an integrated strategy for local territorial development? In this article we review these models of development and draw on case‐study findings to discuss how Fisheries Local Action Groups (FLAGs) provide lessons for the future. The article reveals a need for greater clarity regarding the intended beneficiaries and overarching novel purpose of Axis 4 and sets out an original typology of fisheries dependency to help guide local strategies. Looking beyond local impacts, the article argues that the success of the initiative may be judged in terms of how far steering a middle course can contribute to the broader transformation of fisheries policy and to what extent FLAGs can play a role in evidencing the resilience and vulnerabilities of fishing communities.