bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leichtbeton mit Aerogelen als Konstruktionswerkstoff
Authors: Hub Alexander , Zimmermann Gregor , Knippers Jan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAerogelhaltiger Leichtbeton weist als gefügedichtes Material eine signifikant verbesserte Wärmedämmung gegenüber luftgedämmten Leichtbetonmaterialien auf. Durch eine gezielte Beeinflussung der Betonkomponenten zu einer höheren Packungsdichte lassen sich auch die Festigkeitseigenschaften positiv beeinflussen, sodass das Material sowohl eine hervorragende Dämmwirkung als auch eine ausreichende Tragfähigkeit aufweist. Der Aufsatz beschreibt die Materialentwicklung und experimentell ermittelte Materialparameter.Aerogel light concrete as structural material. Manufacturing and propertiesAerogel containing concrete disclaims a densely textured material which offers a significantly improved heat insulation property compared to air insulated lightweight concrete. A systematic manipulation of the concrete components in a higher packing density also positively influences the strength properties, so that the material has both excellent heat insulation properties and a sufficient bearing capacity. The article describes the development of materials and experimental material parameters.
Zur Durchstanzbemessung von Einzelfundamenten
Authors: Siburg Carsten , Ricker Marcus 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSeit 2012 liegt Eurocode 2 zusammen mit dem nationalen Anhang in Deutschland vor. Die größtenteils aus dem Model Code 1990 übernommene Durchstanzbemessung regelt das Durchstanzen von Einzelfundamenten und Bodenplatten neu. Mit dem Model Code 2010 wurde das Bemessungskonzept zum Durchstanzen überarbeitet und in die zum 01.01.2013 eingeführte schweizerische Norm SIA 262:2013 übernommen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Bemessungsgleichungen zur Bestimmung der Durchstanztragfähigkeit nach Eurocode 2, dem deutschen Anhang zu Eurocode 2, Model Code 2010 und SIA 262 ausführlich vorgestellt. Durch Parameterrechnungen werden die Haupteinflüsse aus Schubschlankheit, statischer Nutzhöhe, Längsbewehrungsgrad und Betondruckfestigkeit auf die Durchstanztragfähigkeit von Einzelfundamenten näher untersucht und den rechnerischen Durchstanzwiderständen gegenübergestellt. Durch Vergleiche mit den Ergebnissen systematischer Versuchsserien werden das Sicherheitsniveau und die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Bemessungsgleichungen überprüft.Punching shear design of footings – present code provisions: parametric study and comparison with test resultsSince 2012, Eurocode 2 and the corresponding National Annex have been introduced in Germany. Most design provisions were adopted from Model Code 1990 and provide a new design approach for ground slabs and footings. For Model Code 2010, the design concept was again revised and introduced in the Swiss standard SIA262:2013. In this paper, the design equations for the determination of the punching capacity according to Eurocode 2, the German annex to Eurocode 2, Model Code 2010, and SIA 262:2013 are presented in detail.Parameter studies are used to examine the influence of the main punching parameters (shear span depth‐ratio, effective depth, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and concrete compressive strength) on the punching shear resistance of footings. To quantify the safety level and the efficiency, the design provisions are compared to systematic test series.
Beyond growth rate 0.6: What drives Corynebacterium glutamicum to higher growth rates in defined medium
Authors: Unthan Simon , Grünberger Alexander , van Ooyen Jan , Gätgens Jochem , Heinrich Johanna , Paczia Nicole , Wiechert Wolfgang , Kohlheyer Dietrich , Noack Stephan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn a former study we showed that Corynebacterium glutamicum grows much faster in defined CGXII glucose medium when growth was initiated in highly diluted environments [Grünberger et al. (2013b) Biotechnol Bioeng]. Here we studied the batch growth of C. glutamicum in CGXII at a comparable low starting biomass concentration of OD ≈ 0.005 in more detail. During bioreactor cultivations a bi‐phasic growth behavior with changing growth rates was observed. Initially the culture grew with before the growth rate dropped to . We were able to confirm the elevated growth rate for C. glutamicum in CGXII and showed for the first time a growth rate beyond 0.6 in lab‐scale bioreactor cultivations on defined medium. Advanced growth studies combining well‐designed bioreactor and microfluidic single‐cell cultivations (MSCC) with quantitative transcriptomics, metabolomics and integrative in silico analysis revealed protocatechuic acid as a hidden co‐substrate for accelerated growth within CGXII. The presented approach proves the general applicability of MSCC to investigate and validate the effect of single medium components on microorganism growth during cultivation in liquid media, and therefore might be of interest for any kind of basic growth study. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 359–371. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mass transfer studies of Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms on rotating disk electrodes
Authors: Babauta Jerome T. , Beyenal Haluk 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy has received significant attention recently as a method to measure electrochemical parameters of Geobacter sulfurreducens biofilms. Here, we use electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to demonstrate the effect of mass transfer processes on electron transfer by G. sulfurreducens biofilms grown in situ on an electrode that was subsequently rotated. By rotating the biofilms up to 530 rpm, we could control the microscale gradients formed inside G. sulfurreducens biofilms. A 24% increase above a baseline of 82 µA could be achieved with a rotation rate of 530 rpm. By comparison, we observed a 340% increase using a soluble redox mediator (ferrocyanide) limited by mass transfer. Control of mass transfer processes was also used to quantify the change in biofilm impedance during the transition from turnover to non‐turnover. We found that only one element of the biofilm impedance, the interfacial resistance, changed significantly from 900 to 4,200 Ω under turnover and non‐turnover conditions, respectively. We ascribed this change to the electron transfer resistance overcome by the biofilm metabolism and estimate this value as 3,300 Ω. Additionally, under non‐turnover, the biofilm impedance developed pseudocapacitive behavior indicative of bound redox mediators. Pseudocapacitance of the biofilm was estimated at 740 µF and was unresponsive to rotation of the electrode. The increase in electron transfer resistance and pseudocapacitive behavior under non‐turnover could be used as indicators of acetate limitations inside G. sulfurreducens biofilms. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 285–294. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Demonstration of in situ product recovery of butyric acid via CO2‐facilitated pH swings and medium development in two‐phase partitioning bioreactors
Authors: Peterson Eric C. , Daugulis Andrew J. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTProduction of organic acids in solid–liquid two‐phase partitioning bioreactors (TPPBs) is challenging, and highly pH‐dependent, as cell growth occurs near neutral pH, while acid sorption occurs only at low pH conditions. CO2 sparging was used to achieve acidic pH swings, facilitating undissociated organic acid uptake without generating osmotic stress inherent in traditional acid/base pH control. A modified cultivation medium was formulated to permit greater pH reduction by CO2 sparging (pH 4.8) compared to typical media (pH 5.3), while still possessing adequate nutrients for extensive cell growth. In situ product recovery (ISPR) of butyric acid (pKa = 4.8) produced by Clostridium tyrobutyricum was achieved through intermittent CO2 sparging while recycling reactor contents through a column packed with absorptive polymer Hytrel® 3078. This polymer was selected on the basis of its composition as a polyether copolymer, and the use of solubility parameters for predicting solute polymer affinity, and was found to have a partition coefficient for butyric acid of 3. Total polymeric extraction of 3.2 g butyric acid with no CO2 mediated pH swings was increased to 4.5 g via CO2‐facilitated pH shifting, despite the buffering capacity of butyric acid, which resists pH shifting. This work shows that CO2‐mediated pH swings have an observable positive effect on organic acid extraction, with improvements well over 150% under optimal conditions in early stage fermentation compared to CO2‐free controls, and this technique can be applied other organic acid fermentations to achieve or improve ISPR. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 537–544. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous HPLC determination of ergosterol and 22,23‐dihydroergosterol in Flammulina velutipes sterol‐loaded microemulsion
Authors: Tong Shanshan , Zhong Hui , Yi Chengxue , Cao Xia , Firempong Caleb Kesse , Zheng Qianfeng , Feng Yingshu , Yu Jiangnan , Xu Ximing 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTAn efficient HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of ergosterol and 22,23‐dihydroergosterol in Flammulina velutipes sterol‐loaded microemulsions (FVSMs). The different chromatographic conditions for in vitro and in vivo determinations were investigated, with the application examined by tissue distribution. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Inertsil ODS‐SP (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) analytical column using a mobile phase of 98% methanol (in vitro), and 93% methanol for stomach samples and 96% methanol for other samples (in vivo) at 1.0 mL/min. The sterol content was detected at 282 nm. The established in vitro linearity ranges for ergosterol and 22,23‐dihydroergosterol were 0.58–72.77 µg/mL (r1 = 0.9999) and 0.59–73.25 µg/mL (r2 = 0.9999), respectively, with the biological (in vivo) samples following the same trend. The accuracy of the method was >99% (in vitro) and between 93%–108% (in vivo). The LOQ was 2.15 µg/L for ergosterol and 2.41 µg/L for 22,23‐dihydroergosterol in the in vitro studies. Also, the precisions met the acceptance criterion. These results indicate that the established HPLC method was specific, linear, accurate, precise and sensitive for the separation and simultaneous determination of ergosterol and 22,23‐dihydroergosterol. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transfer RNA Misidentification Scrambles Sense Codon Recoding
Authors: Krishnakumar Radha , Prat Laure , Aerni Hans‐Rudolf , Ling Jiqiang , Merryman Chuck , Glass John I. , Rinehart Jesse , Söll Dieter 
Published: September 2013

AbstractSense codon recoding is the basis for genetic code expansion with more than two different noncanonical amino acids. It requires an unused (or rarely used) codon, and an orthogonal tRNA synthetase:tRNA pair with the complementary anticodon. The Mycoplasma capricolum genome contains just six CGG arginine codons, without a dedicated tRNAArg. We wanted to reassign this codon to pyrrolysine by providing M. capricolum with pyrrolysyl‐tRNA synthetase, a synthetic tRNA with a CCG anticodon (${{\rm tRNA}{{{\rm Pyl}\hfill \atop {\rm CCG}\hfill}}}$), and the genes for pyrrolysine biosynthesis. Here we show that ${{\rm tRNA}{{{\rm Pyl}\hfill \atop {\rm CCG}\hfill}}}$ is efficiently recognized by the endogenous arginyl‐tRNA synthetase, presumably at the anticodon. Mass spectrometry revealed that in the presence of ${{\rm tRNA}{{{\rm Pyl}\hfill \atop {\rm CCG}\hfill}}}$, CGG codons are translated as arginine. This result is not unexpected as most tRNA synthetases use the anticodon as a recognition element. The data suggest that tRNA misidentification by endogenous aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases needs to be overcome for sense codon recoding.
Factor structure of the Essen Climate Evaluation Schema measure of social climate in a UK medium‐security setting
Authors: Milsom Sophia A. , Freestone Mark , Duller Rachel , Bouman Marisa , Taylor Celia 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundSocial climate has an influence on a number of treatment‐related factors, including service users' behaviour, staff morale and treatment outcomes. Reliable assessment of social climate is, therefore, beneficial within forensic mental health settings. The Essen Climate Evaluation Schema (EssenCES) has been validated in forensic mental health services in the UK and Germany. Preliminary normative data have been produced for UK high‐security national health services and German medium‐security and high‐security services.AimsWe aim to validate the use of the EssenCES scale (English version) and provide preliminary normative data in UK medium‐security hospital settings.MethodsThe EssenCES scale was completed in a medium‐security mental health service as part of a service‐wide audit. A total of 89 patients and 112 staff completed the EssenCES.ResultsThe three‐factor structure of the EssenCES and its internal construct validity were maintained within the sample. Scores from this medium‐security hospital sample were significantly higher than those from earlier high‐security hospital data, with three exceptions – ‘patient cohesion’ according to the patients and ‘therapeutic hold’ according to staff and patients.ConclusionOur data support the use of the EssenCES scale as a valid measure for assessing social climate within medium‐security hospital settings. Significant differences between the means of high‐security and medium‐security service samples imply that degree of security is a relevant factor affecting the ward climate and that in monitoring quality of secure services, it is likely to be important to apply different scores to reflect standards. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of a paclitaxel coated balloon in combination with a bare metal stent on restenosis and endothelial function: Comparison with a drug eluting stent and a bare metal stent
Authors: Clever Yvonne P. , Cremers Bodo , Speck Ulrich , Dietz Ulrich , Böhm Michael , Scheller Bruno 
Published: September 2013

AimsDifferent approaches of local intravascular drug delivery may influence endothelial and microvascular function. The aim of this trial was to study the influence of a paclitaxel coated balloon in combination with a bare metal stent (DCB + BMS) versus a bare metal stent (BMS) or a sirolimus‐eluting stent (DES) on coronary restenosis and endothelial function.Methods and ResultsThis prospective trial included 77 patients with coronary de novo lesions. The patients were assigned to either one of the treatment groups. After 9 months, patients underwent angiographic follow‐up including invasive measurement of coronary endothelial function. After 9 months, late lumen loss in‐stent was highest in the BMS group (0.85 ± 0.73 mm), lower in DCB + BMS (0.36 ± 0.46 mm); and lowest in the DES group (0.25 ± 0.34 mm; P = 0.001 [ANOVA]). When compared to the BMS group, in‐segment late lumen loss was significantly reduced in the DCB + BMS group (0.27 ± 0.43 mm vs. 0.60 ± 0.55 mm, P = 0.029) and the DES group (0.28 ± 0.40 mm, P = 0.045). Coronary flow reserve was significantly higher with the DCB + BMS treatment (3.16 ± 0.97 vs. 2.42 ± 0.99 [BMS], P = 0.036) whereas the increase in the DES group did not reach the significance level (3.06 ± 1.39, P = 0.144 vs. BMS). Parameters of endothelial function like intracoronary flow velocity and vessel diameter distal to the stented area showed similar patterns of response to adenosine, acetylcholine, and nitro in all groups.ConclusionDES and the combination of DCB + BMS showed a significant reduction of late lumen loss as compared to a BMS alone. Furthermore, both types of local drug delivery were not associated with a deterioration of microvascular function at 9 months [ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00473499]. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gold Nanoclusters Confined in a Supercage of Y Zeolite for Aerobic Oxidation of HMF under Mild Conditions
Authors: Cai Jiaying , Ma Hong , Zhang Junjie , Song Qi , Du Zhongtian , Huang Yizheng , Xu Jie 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAu nanoclusters with an average size of approximately 1 nm size supported on HY zeolite exhibit a superior catalytic performance for the selective oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐furfural (HMF) into 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). It achieved >99 % yield of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid in water under mild conditions (60 °C, 0.3 MPa oxygen), which is much higher than that of Au supported on metal oxides/hydroxide (TiO2, CeO2, and Mg(OH)2) and channel‐type zeolites (ZSM‐5 and H‐MOR). Detailed characterizations, such as X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, N2‐physisorption, and H2‐temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR), revealed that the Au nanoclusters are well encapsulated in the HY zeolite supercage, which is considered to restrict and avoid further growing of the Au nanoclusters into large particles. The acidic hydroxyl groups of the supercage were proven to be responsible for the formation and stabilization of the gold nanoclusters. Moreover, the interaction between the hydroxyl groups in the supercage and the Au nanoclusters leads to electronic modification of the Au nanoparticles, which is supposed to contribute to the high efficiency in the catalytic oxidation of HMF to FDCA.
Excited State Tuning of Bis(tridentate) Ruthenium(II) Polypyridine Chromophores by Push–Pull Effects and Bite Angle Optimization: A Comprehensive Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Breivogel Aaron , Meister Michael , Förster Christoph , Laquai Frédéric , Heinze Katja 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe synergy of push–pull substitution and enlarged ligand bite angles has been used in functionalized heteroleptic bis(tridentate) polypyridine complexes of ruthenium(II) to shift the 1MLCT absorption and the 3MLCT emission to lower energy, enhance the emission quantum yield, and to prolong the 3MLCT excited‐state lifetime. In these complexes, that is, [Ru(ddpd)(EtOOC‐tpy)][PF6]2, [Ru(ddpd‐NH2)(EtOOC‐tpy)][PF6]2, [Ru(ddpd){(MeOOC)3‐tpy}][PF6]2, and [Ru(ddpd‐NH2){(EtOOC)3‐tpy}][PF6]2 the combination of the electron‐accepting 2,2′;6′,2′′‐terpyridine (tpy) ligand equipped with one or three COOR substituents with the electron‐donating N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐dipyridin‐2‐ylpyridine‐2,6‐diamine (ddpd) ligand decorated with none or one NH2 group enforces spatially separated and orthogonal frontier orbitals with a small HOMO–LUMO gap resulting in low‐energy 1MLCT and 3MLCT states. The extended bite angle of the ddpd ligand increases the ligand field splitting and pushes the deactivating 3MC state to higher energy. The properties of the new isomerically pure mixed ligand complexes have been studied by using electrochemistry, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, static and time‐resolved luminescence spectroscopy, and transient absorption spectroscopy. The experimental data were rationalized by using density functional calculations on differently charged species (charge n=0–4) and on triplet excited states (3MLCT and 3MC) as well as by time‐dependent density functional calculations (excited singlet states).
Strategy for clinical setting in intramuscular and subcutaneous islet transplantation
Authors: Sakata Naoaki , Aoki Takeshi , Yoshimatsu Gumpei , Tsuchiya Haruyuki , Hata Tatsuo , Katayose Yu , Egawa Shinichi , Unno Michiaki 
Published: September 2013

SummaryIntraportal islet transplantation has a long history as a procedure for clinical islet transplantation. However, many recent studies revealed that the intraportal procedure has some disadvantages in transplant efficiency and safety. Many candidates as an optimal transplant site for islets have been assessed, but further studies and clinical trials are still necessary. Intramuscular and subcutaneous spaces are important candidates, because the transplant and biopsy procedures are simple approaches with minimal invasion and few complications. Although they are sites with hypovascularity and hypoxia, which contribute to the poor transplant efficiency, many experimental trials for improving the outcome in intramuscular and subcutaneous islet transplantations have been performed, focusing on early angiogenesis and scaffolds for engrafting transplanted islets. We review current progress in intramuscular and subcutaneous islet transplantations and discuss ways to develop them as optimal transplant sites for islets. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
n‐3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids enhance the antitumor effect of 5‐fluorouracil by inhibiting bcl‐2 and mutant‐p53
Authors: Tan Yao‐Zong , Huang Wen‐Ge , Chen Feng‐Ying , Li Jie , Zhou Jing‐Ya , Wang Li‐Jun , Chen Li , Zhu Hui‐Lian 
Published: September 2013

The study determined whether n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFAs) enhance the chemotherapeutic ability of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) to affect bcl‐2 and mutant‐p53 (mt‐p53). Thirty‐two BalbC/c mice bearing SW480 colorectal cancer (CRC) xenografts were randomly divided into four groups and fed with basic diet (5% of fat) and diets (20% of fat) with 0.69, 14.84, and 24.27% of n‐3 PUFAs, while all mice received 5‐FU injections (35 mg/kg) every 3 days. After 21 days' treatment, tumors were subjected to HE staining, TUNEL staining, and immunohistochemical analyses for bcl‐2 and mt‐p53, and serum n‐3 PUFAs composition were determined by GC‐FID. The proportion of serum n‐3 PUFAs increased in the high (17.1%) and low (12.3%) n‐3 groups (vs. 3.1% in control). The high n‐3 group showed slower tumor growth (Δvolume: 370.3 mm3 vs. 556.9 mm3, p < 0.05), larger tumor necrosis areas with more loosely arranged cells, and greater tumor cell apoptosis (positive rate: 9.4% vs. 2.2%, p < 0.05) compared to the control. Both Bcl‐2 and mt‐p53 expressions were inversely and dose‐dependently correlated to dietary n‐3 PUFAs (all p < 0.05). n‐3 PUFAs enhance the antitumor effect of 5‐FU on SW480 xenografts probably through promoting tumor apoptosis via inhibiting bcl‐2 and mt‐p53.Practical applications: n‐3 PUFAs have distinct anti‐cancer capacity and combination of n‐3 PUFAs and 5‐FU was considered as a potential approach for cancer chemotherapy, but the exact mechanism of the co‐anticancer effect of n‐3 PUFAs is still not clarified. Our present study demonstrated that n‐3 PUFAs increase the apoptosis of CRC cells by inhibiting the expression of bcl‐2 and mt‐p53. These results highlight the pro‐apoptosis effect of n‐3 PUFAs and reveal the possible mechanism of this effect. The main strategy of chemotherapy regimens is to enhance the pro‐apoptosis capacity of drugs against malignancy and n‐3 PUFAs, as a kind of dietary nutrient, are easy to be obtained and cause no toxicity compared with other anti‐cancer drugs. In this context, n‐3 PUFAs may be developed as adjuvant anti‐cancer agent combining with 5‐FU or even other drugs.
Warm or competent? Improving intergroup relations by addressing threatened identities of advantaged and disadvantaged groups
Authors: Shnabel Nurit , Ullrich Johannes , Nadler Arie , Dovidio John F. , Aydin Anna Lisa 
Published: August 2013

AbstractApplying the Needs‐Based Model of Reconciliation to contexts of group disparity, two studies examined how messages from outgroup representatives that affirmed the warmth or competence of advantaged or disadvantaged groups influenced their members' intergroup attitudes. Study 1 involved natural groups differing in status; Study 2 experimentally manipulated status. In both studies, advantaged‐group members responded more favorably, reporting more positive outgroup attitudes and willingness to change the status quo toward equality, to messages reassuring their group's warmth. Disadvantaged‐group members responded more favorably to messages affirming their group's competence. Study 2 further demonstrated that the effectiveness of reassuring a disadvantaged group's competence stemmed from restoring its threatened dimension of identity, irrespective of a change of the status quo. In line with Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979), these results indicate that beyond the competition over tangible resources, groups are concerned with restoring threatened dimensions of their identities. Exchanging messages that remove identity‐related threats may promote not only positive intergroup attitudes but also greater willingness to act collectively for intergroup equality. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.