bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl‐Protected O‐Glycosyl‐N‐methyl Amino Acids: Building Blocks for the Synthesis of Conformationally Tuned Glycopeptide Antigens
Authors: Buba Annette E. , Löwe Holger , Kunz Horst 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPeptide antibiotics often contain N‐methylated amino acids. These N‐methylamino components enhance the metabolic stability and strongly influence the conformational behavior of these peptide drugs. N‐Methyl‐O‐glycosyl amino acids, in particular, threonine and serine derivatives, are unknown so far. Fmoc‐protected N‐methyl‐O‐glycosyl‐threonine and ‐serine building blocks, including sialyl TN antigens, have been synthesized for the first time by converting the Fmoc‐protected O‐glycosyl amino acids or their tert‐butyl esters into the corresponding oxazolidinones followed by reductive ring‐opening. These new components are considered interesting for the construction of modified mucin glycopeptide anti‐tumor vaccines with extended biological half‐life.
Synthesis of Indoles by Palladium‐Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization of β‐Nitrostyrenes with Carbon Monoxide as the Reductant
Authors: Ferretti Francesco , EL‐Atawy Mohamed A. , Muto Stefania , Hagar Mohamed , Gallo Emma , Ragaini Fabio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn efficient catalytic cyclization of β‐nitrostyrenes to indoles was developed. The reaction was applied to the synthesis of 3‐arylindoles and 2‐alkylindoles. Given that in the latter case the starting β‐nitrostyrenes can be easily obtained by a Henry reaction, the present method allows indoles to be obtained in a two‐step sequence starting from cheap reactants.
Aging Behavior of Reactive Air Brazed Seals for SOFC
Authors: Pönicke A. , Schilm J. , Kusnezoff M. , Michaelis A. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this study the gas‐tightness of reactive air brazed YSZ‐steel joints and their long‐term stability at high temperatures in air and dual atmospheres are investigated. Silver‐based braze compositions like Ag‐4CuO are used for reactive air brazing of gas‐tightness samples. During aging in air at 850 °C for 800 h all tested samples remained hermetic. However, microstructural analysis reveals the formation of voids within the brazing zones and severe changes of the interfacial oxide layers. It is shown, that due to the diffusion of chromium and manganese from the steel substrate the thickness of the reaction layers increases and the phase composition changes. Furthermore, in previous work a decrease of the bending strength of reactive air brazed YSZ‐steel joints due to the microstructural changes is observed. In contrast, the aging in dual atmospheres at 850 °C causes strong degradation and the total loss of gas‐tightness. Reducing atmospheric conditions lead to different reactions profiles of the silver based brazes in contact with the YSZ electrolyte. Complex reaction products are identified and reported.
Anion‐Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells: Synthesis Strategies, Properties and Perspectives
Authors: Zhang H.‐W. , Chen D.‐Z. , Xianze Y. , Yin S.‐B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis review focuses on various synthesis strategies of anion‐exchange membranes (AEMs) for fuel cells, diverse methodologies of AEM‐forming, together with relationship between structures and properties. AEMs are discussed from seven categories, including (1) AEMs derived from Nafion precursors with sulfonyl fluoride groups, which display excellent stability and well‐developed morphologies that similar to Nafion, but has potentially high costs. (2) AEMs prepared by grafting technologies, such as chemical grafting technique, ATRP technique, plasma grafting technique and radiation grafting technique. (3) AEMs based on functionalized commercial polymers, including PVA, SEBS, CPP, PEEK, PES, PEI, PPO, and so on. (4) AEMs prepared by newly‐synthesized polymers, in which the most interesting approach is to synthesize alkaline multi‐block copolymers with enough long hydrophilic/hydrophobic blocks. (5) AEMs containing heterogeneous composition, which mainly prepared by blending and sol‐gel methods, reinforced or pore‐filling AEMs and IPN or s‐IPN. (6) AEMs with functional groups different from quaternary ammonium, which includes the studies of new type of AEMs with highly chemical stability in alkaline solution. (7) Hybrid membranes combining AEM with PEM, in which new configuration results in different performances. At last, conclusions and perspectives for the future researches of AEMs are presented.
MineralBay – the portal for raw materials and projects from subsurface construction / MineralBay – das Portal für mineralische Rohstoffe und Projekte aus dem Untertagebau
Authors: Erben Hartmut , Galler Robert , Grechenig Thomas 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn order to achieve higher utilisation rates for the material excavated from underground construction sites, one of the main objectives is efficient, digital processing of available data on material, mass and time parameters for the mined rock. Selected information needs to be made available to a wide audience at the same time. This initiates a value chain, which goes far beyond the construction industry and enables successful upcycling. The evolving software MineralBay is committed to this goal by using the internet to bring together owners or suppliers of mineral resources with customers easily, quickly and at any time to facilitate the exchange and trading of raw materials. MineralBay is a management and merchandising system for excavated material, whose speciality is access to and processing of real‐time data, e.g. in the form of online material analysis results from tunnel boring machines. The information obtained is used for quality management of already placed excavation material and for gapless documentation of the material flow from the beginning to the end of the construction project.Eines der Kernziele zum Erreichen höherer Verwertungsquoten von Ausbruchmaterial bei untertägigen Bauprozessen ist die effiziente digitale Aufbereitung vorhandener Daten zu Material‐, Massen‐ und Zeitparametern des Tunnelausbruchs, wobei zugleich ausgewählte Informationen einem breiten Interessentenkreis zugänglich sein sollen. Dadurch wird eine Wertschöpfungskette initialisiert, die weit über die Baubranche hinausgeht und so ein erfolgreiches Upcycling ermöglicht. Diesem Ziel soll die in Entwicklung befindliche Software MineralBay dienen, die Besitzer, Lieferanten und Bedarfsträger mineralischer Rohstoffe einfach, schnell und zu jeder Zeit über das Internet zusammenführen kann, um so den Austausch und Handel von Rohmaterialien zu vereinfachen. MineralBay ist ein Ausbruchmaterialverwaltungs‐ und ‐vermarktungssystem, dessen Besonderheit die Anbindung an Echtzeit‐Datenanalysen ist, z.B. in Form einer Online‐Materialanalyse auf der Tunnelbohrmaschine. Die dadurch gewonnenen Informationen dienen dem Qualitätsmanagement des vermittelten Ausbruchmaterials und der lückenlosen Dokumentation des Materialstroms vom Beginn bis zum Ende des Bauprojekts.
Direct use of excavated material in mechanised tunnelling – development of the prototype
Authors: Edelmann Thomas , Himmelsbach Christian , Barwart Stefan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe DRAGON project (Development of Resource‐efficient and Advanced Underground Technologies) is intended to improve resource efficiency in tunnelling processes by providing the excavated material as a raw material. The project deals with the systematic reuse of excavated material from tunnel boring machines (TBMs) and is mainly focussed on the development of specific automated analysis and separation technologies. This enables resource‐efficient reuse of excavated material through the installation of innovative technology directly on the TBM. The physical characteristics of excavated material can be concluded by measuring the disc cutter load. The mineralogical and/or elementary parameters will be detected by a fully automated side pass analysis system. For this purpose, Herrenknecht AG and the Montanuniversität Leoben are working with other internationally renowned partners in the framework of the DRAGON project on various methods of characterising excavated material.
Recycling of tunnel excavation using the example of the Koralm Tunnel, contract KAT2 – Status April 2015 / Verwertung von Tunnelausbruch am Beispiel des Koralmtunnels, Baulos KAT2 – Stand April 2015
Authors: Posch Helmut , Otto Richard , Huber Helmut , Murr Roland , Kager Matthias , Wagner Hanns 
Published: August 2015

AbstractContract KAT2 will produce about 8.6 m. t of material excavated from the tunnel. In the course of the design work, maximum reuse of this material was intended, always considering economics and while reducing the environmental impact by minimizing transport and saving resources. More than half of the suitable tunnel spoil will be preliminarily screened and then processed for the production of aggregates for concrete production. After the first year of production, the high losses associated with the preliminary screening and processing demanded measures to improve the processing, which led to an improvement of the recycling quota. The aggregates produced on site so far fulfil the technical requirements for concrete production, even for high strength concrete grades.Am Baulos KAT2 fallen insgesamt rund 8,6 Mio. t Tunnelausbruchmaterial an. In der Projektplanung wurde eine maximale Wiederverwertbarkeit des Ausbruchmaterials unter Berücksichtigung der Wirtschaftlichkeit bei einer geringen Umweltbelastung durch Minimierung der Transportvorgänge und eine weitgehende Ressourcenschonung angestrebt. Mehr als die Hälfte des geeigneten Tunnelausbruchmaterials wird für die Produktion von Gesteinskörnungen zur Betonherstellung vorabgesiebt und anschließend weiter aufbereitet. Die hohen Vorabsiebungs‐ und Aufbereitungsverluste erforderten nach dem ersten Produktionsjahr Verbesserungsmaßnahmen im Aufbereitungsprozess, die zu einer Erhöhung der Aufbereitungsquote führten. Die bisher vor Ort hergestellten Gesteinskörnungen erfüllen die technischen Anforderungen für die Betonerzeugung und darüber hinaus auch für Betonsorten mit hohen Druckfestigkeiten.
A methodology for assessing the environmental benefits of DRAGON technology
Authors: Shonfield Peter , Anderson Jane , Boyd Sarah 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMost excavated material generated from tunnelling projects ends up being deposited on land. The EU funded project “DRAGON” aims to develop technologies to analyse and characterise this material so that the potentially usable fraction can be easily separated from non‐usable material. Increasing use of this material by external industries will improve resource efficiency while reducing landfill quantities and disposal costs. One of the project goals is to assess the potential environmental benefits/costs of applying DRAGON technology to planned future EU tunnelling projects. A three stage approach has been adopted to meet this goal. Firstly, the potential for diverting material from landfill must be assessed. To account for the diversity of tunnelling projects, this will be based on an average of 54 recent tunnelling projects. Secondly, a life cycle assessment (LCA) model will be created to allow each of these tunnelling projects to be analysed and the potential benefits of using DRAGON technology will be compared against the ‘business as usual’ case. These results will then be averaged to give the expected environmental costs/benefits per t excavated material. Finally, these costs/benefits will be scaled up to account for the expected amount of material from future European tunnelling projects ‐ expected to be around 800 m. t.
Development of resource‐efficient tunnelling technologies – Results of the European research project DRAGON
Authors: Galler Robert 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA wide range of different minerals is found in materials excavated in tunnels. The DRAGON project therefore has the aim of investigating the requirements of the industries producing products from mineral raw materials and who thus could be interested in raw materials derived from underground construction sites. In parallel to the development of advanced online technologies for the analysis of excavated materials, DRAGON is researching the significant requirements for raw materials used in industrial processes; these include grain size distribution, mineralogical composition, geochemistry as well as water content and water absorption properties.Tunnel construction – not only with TBMs – is already a highly industrialized and technologically demanding process, with high advance rates. One important condition for both machine manufacturers and construction companies has been that advance rate should not be adversely affected by the new developments from DRAGON. Another objective of the DRAGON project was to consider the wider strategic objectives of EU policy and to highlight any areas where barriers may exist to the benefits of applying the DRAGON technology.In Tunnelausbruchmaterial können unterschiedlichste mineralische Rohstoffe enthalten sein. Das Forschungsprojekt DRAGON hat sich daher zum Ziel gesetzt, die Anforderungen jener Industriezweige zu studieren, die ihre Produkte auf Basis von mineralischen Rohstoffen herstellen und daher an Tunnelausbruchmaterial interessiert sein könnten. Parallel zur Entwicklung von Online Analyseverfahren für Tunnelausbruchmaterialien wurden die wesentlichen Anforderungen der mineralischen Rohstoffe für die verschiedenen Industriezweige erhoben; dazu gehören Korngrößenverteilungen, mineralogische Zusammensetzung, geochemische Parameter aber auch der Wassergehalt und das Wasserabsorptionsvermögen.Tunnelvortriebe – nicht nur solche mit Tunnelvortriebsmaschinen – sind heute hochindustrialisiert und erreichen daher hohe Vortriebsraten. Eine wesentliche Bedingung sowohl der Maschinenhersteller als auch der Bauindustrie war daher, dass die Vortriebsgeschwindigkeiten durch die neuen Entwicklungen im Projekt DRAGON nicht negativ beeinflusst werden dürfen. Weitere Aufgabenstellung des Projektes war, dass die diesbezüglichen strategischen Ziele der europäischen Politik verfolgt und eventuell vorhandene Unwegbarkeiten, die eine Umsetzung der neuen Technologien im Tunnelbau behindern, aufgezeigt werden.
Perfluorinated chemicals, PFOS and PFOA, enhance the estrogenic effects of 17β‐estradiol in T47D human breast cancer cells
Authors: Sonthithai Pacharapan , Suriyo Tawit , Thiantanawat Apinya , Watcharasit Piyajit , Ruchirawat Mathuros , Satayavivad Jutamaad 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPerfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are the two most popular surfactants among perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), with a wide range of uses. Growing evidence suggests that PFCs have the potential to interfere with estrogen homeostasis, posing a risk of endocrine‐disrupting effects. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the estrogenic effect of these compounds on T47D hormone‐dependent breast cancer cells. PFOS and PFOA (10−12 to 10−4 M) were not able to induce estrogen response element (ERE) activation in the ERE luciferase reporter assay. The ERE activation was induced when the cells were co‐incubated with PFOS (10−10 to 10−7 M) or PFOA (10−9 to 10−7 M) and 1 nM of 17β‐estradiol (E2). PFOS and PFOA did not modulate the expression of estrogen‐responsive genes, including progesterone (PR) and trefoil factor (pS2), but these compounds enhanced the effect of E2‐induced pS2 gene expression. Neither PFOS nor PFOA affected T47D cell viability at any of the tested concentrations. In contrast, co‐exposure with PFOS or PFOA and E2 resulted in an increase of E2‐induced cell viability, but no effect was found with 10 ng ml−1 EGF co‐exposure. Both compounds also intensified E2‐dependent growth in the proliferation assay. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was increased by co‐exposure with PFOS or PFOA and E2, but not with EGF. Collectively, this study shows that PFOS and PFOA did not possess estrogenic activity, but they enhanced the effects of E2 on estrogen‐responsive gene expression, ERK1/2 activation and the growth of the hormone‐deprived T47D cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining bone morphogenetic proteins‐2 and ‐6 has additive effects on osteoblastic differentiation in vitro and accelerates bone formation in vivo
Authors: Visser Rick , Bodnarova Kristina , Arrabal Pilar M. , Cifuentes Manuel , Becerra Jose 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWhile only two members of the bone morphogenetic protein subfamily (BMP‐2 and ‐7) are approved to be used in combination with collagen type I in orthopaedic surgery, other BMPs are known to also be highly osteoinductive. Although all the osteogenic BMPs signal through Smad‐1/‐5/‐8 phosphorylation, they show different preferences for the available BMP receptors. In this work we studied the effect of combining two osteogenic BMPs (‐2 and ‐6), which belong to different groups within the subfamily and have different affinities to the existing BMP receptors. Both the growth and in vitro differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 mouse preosteoblasts and rat bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were studied, as well as in vivo ectopic bone formation when the BMPs were intramuscularly implanted in rats with collagen type I sponges as carriers. The results show that these two growth factors have additive effects on the osteoblastic differentiation of cells in vitro and that their combination might be helpful to accelerate in vivo osteogenesis while reducing the amount of each individual BMP used. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 178–185, 2016.
A perforator from the ulnar artery and cutaneous nerve of the hypothenar area: An anatomical study for clinical application
Authors: Han Hyun Ho , Choi Yong Seong , Kim In Beom , Kim Sang Hyun , Jun Young‐Joon 
Published: August 2015

PurposeThe hypothenar perforator flap is a recently introduced method for fingertip reconstruction, which offers excellent results but lacks adequate anatomic studies. The present study is aimed to clarify the anatomic characteristics of the hypothenar area to analyze the potential clinical application of sensate flaps and to access the reliability of hypothenar perforator arteries.Materials and MethodsA total of 26 amputated forearms were used, and a percentage scattergram using an x‐y‐axis was created. The y‐axis was a vertical line from the midpoint of pisiform base (0%) to the midvolar crease of the metacarpophalangeal joint (100%). The x‐axis was a line perpendicular to the y‐axis, and was quantified as a percentage value. We then studied the number of perforators, the diameter and length of the pedicle, and evaluated the differences between the zones and sexes.ResultsA reliable region for the hypothenar perforator flap, including more than two perforator arteries with an average diameter of over 1 mm, was mapped as 5%–20% on the x‐axis and 10%–50% on the y‐axis. The nerves appeared to occur more densely than the arteries, with 5%–15% on the x‐axis and 25%–60% on the y‐axis.ConclusionThe most consistent area for sensate flap elevation was the region around 5%–15% on the x‐axis and 25%–50% on the y‐axis. We expect that our data concerning perforator artery and cutaneous nerve branches in the hypothenar area of the hand will aid in establishing appropriate clinical usage of the hypothenar perforator flap. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:49–56, 2017.
Low‐rise scar deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap for breast reconstruction
Authors: Akita Shinsuke , Mitsukawa Nobuyuki , Tokumoto Hideki , Kuriyama Motone , Kubota Yoshitaka , Kira Tomoe , Sasahara Yoshitaro , Sakakibara Masahiro , Nagashima Takeshi , Satoh Kaneshige 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundTo achieve an unnoticeable postoperative scar in patients with little abdominal skin laxity for breast reconstruction by deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEP) flap, we devised a new design called the low‐rise scar DIEP flap; the skin paddle of this flap is located lower with a smaller vertical width, and more adipose tissue is elevated to obtain enough volume. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the utility of the low‐rise scar DIEP flap compared with that of the conventionally designed flap.MethodsTwelve patients who underwent low‐rise scar DIEP flaps (study group) and 11 patients who underwent conventionally‐designed DIEP flaps (control group) were included in the present study. The distance from the umbilicus to horizontal scar was divided by the patient's height. The length of the scar was divided by the abdominal circumference. These ratios were compared between groups.ResultsAll flaps survived completely and no recipient site complication was observed, except for one case in the control group with small‐range fat necrosis. No donor site complication was observed in either group. The distance ratio was significantly larger in study group (<0.01, 0.049 ± 0.004, and 0.028 ± 0.005, respectively). The length ratio was significantly smaller in the study group <0.01, 0.42 ± 0.02 and 0.36 ± 0.02, respectively). The weight of the flap used for reconstruction was 338.8 ± 127.7 g in the study group and 320.5 ± 63.0 g in the control groupConclusionsA low‐rise scar DIEP flap leaves a lower and shorter postoperative scar. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 35:451–456, 2015.
Efficacy of water preloading before main meals as a strategy for weight loss in primary care patients with obesity: RCT
Authors: Parretti Helen M. , Aveyard Paul , Blannin Andrew , Clifford Susan J. , Coleman Sarah J. , Roalfe Andrea , Daley Amanda J. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of water preloading before meals as a weight loss strategy for adults with obesity.MethodsA two‐group randomized controlled trial was conducted in Birmingham, England. Eighty‐four adults with obesity were recruited from general practices. All participants were given a face‐to‐face weight management consultation at baseline (30 min) and a follow‐up telephone consultation at 2 weeks (10 min). At baseline, participants were randomized to either drinking 500 ml of water 30 min before their main meals or an attention control group where participants were asked to imagine their stomach was full before meals. The primary outcome was weight change at 12‐week follow‐up. Several measures of adherence were also used, including 24 h total urine collections.Results41 participants were randomized to the intervention group and 43 to the comparator group. The water preloading group lost −1.3 kg (95% CI −2.4 to −0.1, P = 0.028) more than comparators at follow up. Adjusting for ethnicity, deprivation, age, and gender resulted in the intervention group losing −1.2 kg (95% CI −2.4 to 0.07, P = 0.063) more than the comparator.ConclusionsThere is preliminary evidence that water preloading before main meals leads to a moderate weight loss at follow up. ISRCTN33238158