bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review of Racial Disparities in Human Papillomavirus–Associated Anal Dysplasia and Anal Cancer Among Men Who Have Sex With Men
Authors: Walsh Tim , Bertozzi-Villa Clara , Schneider John A. 
Published: February 2015

We systematically reviewed the literature on anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, dysplasia, and cancer among Black and White men who have sex with men (MSM) to determine if a racial disparity exists. We searched 4 databases for articles up to March 2014. Studies involving Black MSM are nearly absent from the literature. Of 25 eligible studies, 2 stratified by race and sexual behavior. Both reported an elevated rate of abnormal anal outcomes among Black MSM. White MSM had a 1.3 times lower prevalence of group-2 HPV (P < .01) and nearly 13% lower prevalence of anal dysplasia than did Black MSM. We were unable to determine factors driving the absence of Black MSM in this research and whether disparities in clinical care exist. Elevated rates of abnormal anal cytology among Black MSM in 2 studies indicate a need for future research in this population.
Reducing Sugary Drink Consumption: New York City’s Approach
Authors: Kansagra Susan M. , Kennelly Maura O. , Nonas Cathy A. , Curtis Christine J. , Van Wye Gretchen , Goodman Andrew , Farley Thomas A. 
Published: February 2015

Studies have linked the consumption of sugary drinks to weight gain, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Since 2006, New York City has taken several actions to reduce consumption. Nutrition standards limited sugary drinks served by city agencies. Mass media campaigns educated New Yorkers on the added sugars in sugary drinks and their health impact. Policy proposals included an excise tax, a restriction on use of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits, and a cap on sugary drink portion sizes in food service establishments. These initiatives were accompanied by a 35% decrease in the number of New York City adults consuming one or more sugary drinks a day and a 27% decrease in public high school students doing so from 2007 to 2013.
Numerical Simulation of Crater Creating Process in Dynamic Replacement Method by Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics
Authors: Danilewicz Andrzej , Sikora Zbigniew 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A theoretical base of SPH method, including the governing equations, discussion of importance of the smoothing function length, contact formulation, boundary treatment and finally utilization in hydrocode simulations are presented. An application of SPH to a real case of large penetrations (crater creating) into the soil caused by falling mass in Dynamic Replacement Method is discussed. An influence of particles spacing on method accuracy is presented. An example calculated by LS-DYNA software is discussed. Chronological development of Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics is presented. Theoretical basics of SPH method stability and consistency in SPH formulation, artificial viscosity and boundary treatment are discussed. Time integration techniques with stability conditions, SPH+FEM coupling, constitutive equation and equation of state (EOS) are presented as well.
Analysis of the Vibration Propagation in the Subsoil
Authors: Jastrzębska Małgorzata , Łupieżowiec Marian , Uliniarz Rafał , Jaroń Artur 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The paper presents in a comprehensive way issues related to propagation in a soil environment of vibrations originating during sheet piling vibratory driving. Considerations carried out comprised the FEM analysis of initial-boundary behaviour of the subsoil during impacts accompanying the works performed. The analysis has used the authors' RU+MCC constitutive model, which can realistically describe complex deformation characteristics in soils in the field of small strains, which accompany the phenomenon of shock propagation. The basis for model creation and for specification of material parameters of the presented model consisted of first-class tests performed in a triaxial apparatus using proximity detectors guaranteeing a proper measurement of strains ranging from 10-1 to 10-3% and bender elements. Results obtained from numerical analyses were confronted with results of field tests consisting in measurements of acceleration amplitudes generated on the ground surface due to technological impacts versus the distance from vibration source.
X-Ray Microtomography (μCT) as a Useful Tool for Visualization and Interpretation of Shear Strength Test Results
Authors: Stefaniuk Damian , Tankiewicz Matylda , Stróżyk Joanna 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The paper demonstrates the applicability of X-ray microtomography (ìCT) to analysis of the results of shear strength examinations of clayey soils. The method of X-ray three-dimensional imaging offers new possibilities in soil testing. The work focuses on a non-destructive method of evaluation of specimen quality used in shear tests and mechanical behavior of soil. The paper presents the results of examination of 4 selected clayey soils. Specimens prepared for the triaxial test have been scanned using ìCT before and after the triaxial compression tests. The shear strength parameters of the soils have been estimated. Changes in soil structure caused by compression and shear failure have been presented as visualizations of the samples tested. This allowed for improved interpretation and evaluation of soil strength parameters and recognition of pre-existing fissures and the exact mode of failure. Basic geometrical parameters have been determined for selected cross-sections of specimens after failure. The test results indicate the utility of the method applied in soil testing.
La politique de planification familiale au Sénégal : approche sanitaire et conflits de norme
Authors: Diallo Josephine 
Published: February 2015

Donner ou refuser la contraception ? Le personnel de santé assure un rôle clé dans la délivrance des méthodes contraceptives et se voit en même temps confronté à une multitude de normes. Se basant sur une recherche de terrain à Dakar, cet article s’interroge sur le rôle de l’orientation de la politique contraceptive sénégalaise dans la gestion du carrefour normatif par le prestataire. Si le prisme sanitaire de la politique a pu légitimer un recours à la technologie pour un espacement des naissances, l’absence de toute notion de droit encourage le prestataire à agir comme filtre des demandes contraceptives. Nous argumentons que le prestataire ne se réfère pas automatiquement aux normes socioculturelles et religieuses. En s’appuyant sur la norme médicale forgée par la politique, il est parfois même prêt à aller à leur encontre. L’article vise à interroger le mythe de l’impuissance politique devant l’environnement socioculturel et tente d’ouvrir des pistes pour une recherche engagée.
Contraception et stérilisation des jeunes femmes au Brésil
Authors: Da Silva Cabral Cristiane 
Published: February 2015

Au Brésil, la situation démographique actuelle est marquée par une fécondité précoce. La stérilisation des femmes est souvent désignée comme la cause et la conséquence de ce scénario. L’objectif de cet article est de comprendre « le choix » de la stérilisation volontaire ainsi que ses liens avec la sexualité. Nous avons réalisé une étude qualitative afin d’analyser, au travers de trajectoires biographiques, les parcours contraceptifs des jeunes femmes ayant fait une ligature des trompes. Prévenir la grossesse n’est pas la seule motivation du choix de cette méthode contraceptive. Dans certaines biographies, la stérilisation représente une stratégie visant à stabiliser un itinéraire reproductif souvent marqué par une certaine irrégularité dans l’utilisation des méthodes contraceptives. Chez d’autres femmes, elle est liée à une plus grande autonomie dans la sphère sexuelle ou à une tentative de discipliner leurs corps. L’illégalité de l’avortement et les conditions d’accès à la stérilisation féminine sont les marques d’un contrôle du corps féminin et révèlent le conflit politique et idéologique existant autour de deux actes – avortement et stérilisation féminine – qui sont loin d’être uniquement biologiques.
Surrogacy from a reproductive rights perspective : the case of India
Authors: Rozée Gomez Virginie , Unisa Sayeed 
Published: February 2015

La gestation pour autrui, comme nouvelle technique de reproduction, est une pratique de plus en plus utilisée et un sujet d’actualité particulièrement discuté sur la scène transnationale. Elle fait l’objet de nombreuses controverses car elle induit désormais des relations complexes entre des populations riches du Nord et des populations plus vulnérables du Sud. La littérature à ce sujet aborde essentiellement les aspects éthiques, médicaux et familiaux de la pratique dans les pays occidentaux. Les études sur la gestation pour autrui dans les pays du Sud sont plus rares. L’objectif de l’article est ainsi d’analyser la gestation pour autrui dans le Sud depuis la perspective des droits reproductifs : si l’on se réfère aux définitions rédigées au Caire et à Beijing, la gestation pour autrui peut-elle être analysée comme un droit reproductif ? L’Inde est un cas intéressant pour une telle analyse car le pays est devenu un leader international en matière de gestation pour autrui. La question de cette pratique en Inde est discutée à partir de trois études de terrain basées sur des entretiens menés auprès de gestatrices : les études de A. Pande à Ahmedabad (2006-2008), de S. Saravanan au Gujarat (2009) et de S. Rudrappa au Bangalore (2011-2012).
Unique Technical and Operational Collaboration to Complete One of World's Hottest Offshore Hydraulic Propped Fracturing Well
Authors: Barasia A. , Singh M. , Kasturia S. , Christiawan A. , Venkateshwaran R. 
Published: February 2015

The main basin at East coast of India, Khrisna-Godavari (KG) Basin, is spreaded across more than 70,000 sqkm. on land, shallow and deep water and holds India's highest gas reserve. Deel Dayan East (DDE) field is part of KG Basin in which lay deep HPHT tight gas reservoir that with current drilling and completion technologies can be made viable. An offshore appraisal well was directionally drilled down in S-shaped to the depth of 18700 ft MD to appraise the hydrocarbon potential of Lower Cretaceous Early Rift Fill sequences which was encountered in one of the offset wells in the same field DDE Block.
Due to typical extremely tight nature of sandstone reservoir on deep gas well, hydraulic fracturing is the primary method and become inseparable technique to complete this well. Given its HPHT nature, with BHT up to 415F and insitu stress up to 16000 psi, also the complexity of hydraulic fracturing on limited space of Jack-up rig, the hydraulic propped fracturing project become extremely challenging, both technically and operationally. In addition the limited flexibility on logistic due to short drilling time constraint, made some available fracturing HPHT technology not an option for this project, and require creative domestic solution. There were 3 independent reservoir layer were hydraulically fracced till the end of the well project, and significant gas were tested on post fracture completion from none prior to fracture.
This paper illustrates the meticulous planning and preparation to design and execute the hydraulic propped fracturing for well testing appraisal purpose, as collaboration works from operator, fracturing services provider and other third party involved. The core objective of this paper is to capture all lesson learnt during this project delivery, review project operational and technical aspects, and summarize the recommendation and applicable techniques for the similar offshore HPHT hydraulic fracturing project in the future.
Real Time Logging of Sub-Hydrostatic Wells Using Concentric Coiled Tubing Technology
Authors: Ababou M. , Shote A. , Sturgeon T. 
Published: February 2015

Historically, logging sub-hydrostatic wells to determine water entry points was restricted to a limited number of wells of a particular construction. These wells had to be dual-completion wells or 9 5/8-in. cased wells, able to accommodate dual-string completions. One string would be used for running the logging tool via coiled tubing or wireline, and the other would be used for artificial lift and produce the well while logging.
Single-completion wells were a challenge for production logging runs because two strings of tubing and and dual wellhead would be required, necessitating workover rig operations. However, for smaller cased holes such as 7- or 4 ½-in. casings, running a dual completion string is typically too complex or impossible. When operators had to determine water-entry points in fields with high water cuts, well intervention costs could become prohibitive to contemplate.
Instead, a conventional concentric coiled tubing (CCT) string can be transformed into a specialty CCT by adding an encapsulated single-conductor wire inside. The string can then be run with a modified vacuum bottomhole assembly and a logging tool to achieve production analysis and logging simultaneously.
Combining these two proven technologies into one solution is an economical way to produce the wells via the CCT and its vacuum BHA while logging the well in one run. It has economic benefits to operators by eliminating the high cost associated with installing dual completions and dual wellheads. It also enables logging in 7- and 4 ½-in. cased holes that were not accessible for production logging using prior technologies.
This paper will describe the revolutionary technology and case histories along with lessons learned. It will also describe in particular the applications of the technology for high-producing water wells.
Drilling Waste Reduction and Improved HSE on Maersk Giant Utilising Revolutionary Lightweight Vacuum Conveyor System
Authors: Kroken Asbjorn , Vasshus Jan Kristian , Grelland Tore 
Published: February 2015

Description of the Proposed Paper:
Effective removal of contaminants from drilling fluids is widely accepted as a key factor in achieving optimum drilling performance and reducing fluid cost - but it also plays a critical role in minimizing environmental discharge. This paper describes the development, qualification, field testing and full scale systems results of arevolutionarysolids control solution that provides advances on several aspects that conventional equipment is infested with. The findings presented are based on results obtained on the full scale system utilized on Maersk Giant, located in the North Sea.

Application:
The introductionof the VCS system on Maersk Giant have demonstrated a substantial reduction in fluid adhesion on cuttings, improved filtration resulting in reduced operational cost.
As the focus on HSE in the drilling environment continues to intensify, drilling technologies must adapt to meet governmental and industry standards. With the lightweight vacuum conveyer system (VCS)described here, operators now have a revolutionary way to handle drilling fluids and solids. Studies and field tests show that it provides a significant improvement in safety and environmental risks during drilling operations.

Results, Observations, and Conclusions:
This intelligent fluid management system makes a positive impact on HSE conditions for onshore and offshore workers in the following ways:Health benefits:Elimination of oil mist/vapor and chemical exposure to personnelElimination of vibration: No need for structural reinforcement because of weight and structural low frequency vibrationNoise reduced to 68 dBA, well below recommended NORSOK standard of 83 dBA (for 12 hours working day)Safety benefits:No gas (H2S) releasedEnvironmental benefits:Less mud discharge offshoreLess waste liability

Significance of Subject Matter:
Reducing waste, costs, and health, safety and environmental impacts are always top of mind within the petroleum industry. For decades, the same shaker technology was used with no viable alternative. Today, engineers can benefit from increased production, lower waste, cost and environmental impact with the MudCube. Deployment is easy, proven and effective - and the time to act is now.
Optimum Well Completion Strategies in Tight Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Saputelli Luigi , Chacon Alejandro , Lopez Carlos 
Published: February 2015

Hydraulic fracturing is currently the completion of choice in most tight reservoirs; however, the ultimate performance of fractured wells is severely affected by the interfering effects inside the fracture and inter fractures. Previous simulation studies investigated the effects of well spacing and fracture length on well productivity in low-permeability oil and gas reservoirs. It was shown that the most important parameters for determining the optimum fracture length are the formation permeability and the stimulated reservoir volume.
Although a number of studies have examined the performance of horizontal fractured wells and fracture geometry effect, fracture spacing and intersecting angles in vertical and horizontal wells should be further investigated.
This study presents the results of a tight oil reservoir in the Bakken shale. Reservoir parameters considered include local rock stresses, rock compressibility, absolute and relative permeability, and porosity. The well-completion parameters included fracture length, height, width, conductivity, number and spacing between fractures, fracture intersecting angle, and cased vs. open-hole completion. Fracture modeling considered rigorous description of the hydraulic fracture properties and finite difference reservoir modeling.
Economically attractive reserves recovery were modeled through multiple fracture placements in a 10,000 ft horizontal well. Numerical simulation showed that oil recovery increased between 8 to 15% while net present value (NPV) increased 8 to 24%, as the number of fractures increased. Based on the critical assumptions in the study (permeability, natural fracture distribution and stress orientation), an optimum number of fractures was identified. Open hole completions provided better performance in most cases, and recovery was greater for a higher number of contributing perpendicular vs. longitudinal fractures.
The results of the study may hopefully be used to improve the understanding of the role of fracture geometry, spacing and open/cased-hole completion strategy to enhance operators optimum completion design.
Ultra Deepwater Managed Pressure Drilling in Challenging Formations
Authors: Malt Roar 
Published: February 2015

Ultra deepwater drilling is challenging. When easily fractured carbonates are encountered, the challenge increases further still. High hydrostatic pressures, as well as the narrow gap between pore and fracture pressures, add to the complexity. Performing successful cementing operations is equally challenging.
This paper describes the drilling of a well at 2180m in the eastern GoM. The formations were carbonates with potential for high-to-total losses. The rig was a new Sixth Generation DP MDU. To manage the BHP and prevent losses, the rig had been equipped with a new type of DGD/MPD system; a pumped riser system, with the pump mounted around 400m below the bell nipple. The pump reduces the riser level in a precisely controlled manner to manipulate the BHP as required.
Due to a very weak 20"shoe the 17 ½" section had a drilling window of only 0,3ppg. The pumped riser system was used to drill the section with nearly constant BHP, compensating for the ECD by manipulating the hydrostatic column level while drilling and bringing the level back up for connections. No losses were seen. The same applies for cementing of the 13 3/8 casing.
In the 12,25" section the system was rested due to robust formations and a generous drilling window but was used again successfully to ensure a good 9 5/8" cement job.
In the 8,5"section the pumped riser system was again necessary due to potential severe losses in weak reef-type carbonates. It soon became evident that this formation could not have been drilled conventionally as weak zones were penetrated at the start of the section. Loss pressure was 8,4 ppg. Drilling with returns was still required in order to get the required geological information from the well, which was achieved. As drilling proceeded a normal-pressured zone was encountered. The pumped riser system was used to balance the resulting pressures downhole with required returns to the surface.
The system was also used to perform a good Plug and Abandonment operation after TD was called.
This paper will describe the planning and drilling operation of the mentioned ultra deepwater well and present the operational results.
Weight Distributed SCRs with Quality Fabrication from Large Motion Floaters
Authors: Karunakaran Daniel , Jones Richard 
Published: February 2015

Steel catenary risers (SCR) have been an attractive choice for deep-water field developments due to its simplicity. However, design of SCRs from large motion host platforms has been a great challenge. The key issues for the design of SCR in such conditions are the fatigue near hang-off and at touch down point.
Design of SCRs by distributing weight along the riser enhances the fatigue performance of SCRs thereby extends the feasibility of SCRs from large motion floaters, fulfilling both strength and fatigue requirement. The weight distribution along the SCR is obtained by fully qualified ballast modules and also fully qualified light weight add-ons at TDP which are designed for mud-line application. Further, by high quality welding and optimized weld geometry the fatigue performance of the SCR welds are improved and optimized. This paper also describes the mechanism that drives the weight distributed SCR design and also fatigue test data from optimized weld geometry.
The results clearly indicate that it is possible to have a robust design of SCRs from large motion host platforms using presently qualified material and technology. These qualified products extend the applicability of the weight distributed SCR concept to most dimensions and applications. This concept is also applicable in less demanding environments.
Fatigue test results will be presented from both carbon steel and clad/lined riser qualification programmes which will demonstrate that high fatigue performance can be sustained with established girth welding procedures with appropriate control of pipe fit up tolerances and weld soundness.
The weight distributed SCR concept combined with high performance weld, will make the applicability of SCRs a credible alternative option for use from host platforms with large motions. Since the ballast and light weight add-ons are fully qualified material they are cost effective and ready for project application.