bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the relationship between air quality and economy development in major cities of China
Authors: Ma Xin , Ge Rubing , Zhang Li 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to build a support vector machine (SVM) model to evaluate the city air quality level, using the three main air pollutants selected as evaluation index.

Design/methodology/approach
– PM10, SO2, NO2 are the most important three air pollutants and their concentration data are selected as the influencing factor. And the SVM model is build and used to evaluate the air quality level of 29 major cities in China 2011. The cross-validation is adopted to select optimal penalty parameters and optimal kernel function, and the classification accuracies achieved under different normalization methods and kernel functions are compared in the end.

Findings
– The study found, the parameters and kernel functions chosen by the SVM model have influence on the model's prediction accuracy. Through continuous optimization of model parameters, finally it is found that the model performs better with [0, 1] normalization method and RBF kernel function. It proves that SVM classification model is effective in dealing with the problem of city air quality evaluation.

Practical implications
– The result of this study shows that the SVM classification model can be well applied to predict the city air quality level by using air pollutants concentration data as evaluation index. It can help the government and relevant department issue corresponding environmental policy and environmental protection measures.

Originality/value
– The qualitative and quantitative study method are combined in this paper, on the basis of predecessors’ research results, as well as careful analysis to select evaluation index. The SVM classification model build is simulated by using Matlab technique, beyond comparing the accuracy, its outcomes and its efficiency in classification are demonstrated.
HDR imaging for feature tracking in challenging visibility scenes
Authors: Chermak Lounis , Aouf Nabil , Richardson Mark 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– In visual-based applications, lighting conditions have a considerable impact on quality of the acquired images. Extremely low or high illuminated environments are a real issue for a majority of cameras due to limitations in their dynamic range. Indeed, over or under exposure might result in loss of essential information because of pixel saturation or noise. This can be critical in computer vision applications. High dynamic range (HDR) imaging technology is known to improve image rendering in such conditions. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the level of performance that can be achieved for feature detection and tracking operations in images acquired with a HDR image sensor.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this study, four different feature detection techniques are selected and tracking algorithm is based on the pyramidal implementation of Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) feature tracker. Tracking algorithm is run over image sequences acquired with a HDR image sensor and with a high resolution 5 Megapixel image sensor to comparatively assess them.

Findings
– The authors demonstrate that tracking performance is greatly improved on image sequences acquired with HDR sensor. Number and percentage of finally tracked features are several times higher than what can be achieved with a 5 Megapixel image sensor.

Originality/value
– The specific interest of this work focuses on the evaluation of tracking persistence of a set of initial detected features over image sequences taken in different scenes. This includes extreme illumination indoor and outdoor environments subject to direct sunlight exposure, backlighting, as well as dim light and dark scenarios.
A new classification strategy for human activity recognition using cost sensitive support vector machines for imbalanced data
Authors: M’hamed Abidine Bilal , Fergani Belkacem , Oussalah Mourad , Fergani Lamya 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– The task of identifying activity classes from sensor information in smart home is very challenging because of the imbalanced nature of such data set where some activities occur more frequently than others. Typically probabilistic models such as Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Conditional Random Fields (CRF) are known as commonly employed for such purpose. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– In this work, the authors propose a robust strategy combining the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) with Cost Sensitive Support Vector Machines (CS-SVM) with an adaptive tuning of cost parameter in order to handle imbalanced data problem.Findings– The results have demonstrated the usefulness of the approach through comparison with state of art of approaches including HMM, CRF, the traditional C-Support vector machines (C-SVM) and the Cost-Sensitive-SVM (CS-SVM) for classifying the activities using binary and ubiquitous sensors.Originality/value– Performance metrics in the experiment/simulation include Accuracy, Precision/Recall and F measure.
Structural and Functional Properties of Hemp Seed Protein Products
Authors: Malomo Sunday A. , He Rong , Aluko Rotimi E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe effects of pH and protein concentration on some structural and functional properties of hemp seed protein isolate (HPI, 84.15% protein content) and defatted hemp seed protein meal (HPM, 44.32% protein content) were determined. The HPI had minimum protein solubility (PS) at pH 4.0, which increased as pH was decreased or increased. In contrast, the HPM had minimum PS at pH 3.0, which increased at higher pH values. Gel electrophoresis showed that some of the high molecular weight proteins (>45 kDa) present in HPM were not well extracted by the alkali and were absent or present in low ratio in the HPI polypeptide profile. The amino acid composition showed that the isolation process increased the Arg/Lys ratio of HPI (5.52%) when compared to HPM (3.35%). Intrinsic fluorescence and circular dichroism data indicate that the HPI proteins had a well‐defined structure at pH 3.0, which was lost as pH value increased. The differences in structural conformation of HPI at different pH values were reflected as better foaming capacity at pH 3.0 when compared to pH 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0. At 10 and 25 mg/mL protein concentrations, emulsions formed by the HPM had smaller oil droplet sizes (higher quality), when compared to the HPI‐formed emulsions. In contrast at 50 mg/mL protein concentration, the HPI‐formed emulsions had smaller oil droplet sizes (except at pH 3.0). We conclude that the functional properties of hemp seed protein products are dependent on structural conformations as well as protein concentration and pH.
Cerebellopontine angle mass mimicking lingual nerve injury after dental implant placement: a case report
Authors: Momota Y , Kani K , Takano H , Azuma M 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis is a rare case report of a cerebellopontine angle (CPA) mass mimicking lingual nerve injury after a dental implant placement. Lingual nerve injury is a common complication following dental implant placement. CPA masses are likely to cause symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia, and thus can mimic and be easily confused with oral diseases. We experienced a case of CPA mass mimicking lingual nerve injury after dental implant placement. The patient was a 57‐year‐old Japanese female who complained of glossalgia. She underwent dental implant placement in the mandible before visiting our clinic. Panoramic x‐ray radiography revealed no abnormalities; the salivary flow rate by gum test was 7.0 ml/10 min. She was diagnosed with lingual nerve injury and secondary burning mouth syndrome. Vitamin B12 and oral moisturizer did not provide relief; furthermore, numbness in the lower lip emerged. A Semmes Weinstein test demonstrated elevation of her sensitivity threshold. Finally, magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 20‐mm diameter mass in the CPA. The patient is now being followed under conservative management. Our experience underscores the importance of including CPA mass in the differential diagnosis of dental diseases.
Prior response to infliximab and early serum drug concentrations predict effects of adalimumab in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Baert F. , Vande Casteele N. , Tops S. , Noman M. , Van Assche G. , Rutgeerts P. , Gils A. , Vermeire S. , Ferrante M. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundData for adalimumab in ulcerative colitis after prior use of infliximab are scarce.AimsTo study adalimumab response rates and predictors of response in ulcerative colitis, including drug concentrations.MethodsIn this single centre cohort study 73 UC patients, previously exposed to infliximab, were assessed for response to adalimumab at weeks 12 and 52. Serum samples prior to week 12 were available and included in multivariate analysis to predict response.ResultsOverall clinical response at week 12 and 52 were 75% and 52%, respectively. Adalimumab was continued without need for dose escalation throughout year 1 in 16 patients, 22 needed dose escalation and 35 discontinued treatment within 1 year. Prior response to infliximab and early serum concentrations correlated with response. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis yielded optimal adalimumab concentrations of 4.58 μg/mL for week 12 and 7.0 μg/mL for week 52. Independent predictors for response at week 12 were primary response to infliximab [odds ratio (OR) 8.33; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8–33.3; P = 0.006] and an adalimumab concentration ≥4.58 μg/mL at week 4 (OR 4.85; 95% CI 1.3–18.6; P = 0.009). Positive predictors for week 52 response were primary response to infliximab (OR 5.2; 95% CI 1.14–23.8; P = 0.034) and adalimumab concentration at week 4 of ≥7 μg/mL (OR 3.56; 95% CI 1.17–10.79; P = 0.025).ConclusionPrior response to infliximab and high early adalimumab serum concentrations predict week 12 and year 1 responses to adalimumab in ulcerative colitis.
A Survey of Scientist and Policy Makers' Attitudes Toward Research on Stored Human Biological Materials in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dissanayake Vajira H.W. , Sumathipala Dulika S. , Kariyawasam U.G.A.C. , Jayamanne J.M.D.N.M.M. , Nisansala P.K.D.S. , Lie Reidar 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIntroductionStored human samples and the establishment of biobanks are increasing in the world. Along with this there are the questions of ethics that arise such as the correct method of obtaining informed consent for research on stored samples and the policies involved in collaborative research using collected samples. This study is an attempt to evaluate the researchers, academics and policy makers' views on these ethical aspects.MethodsThis was an anonymised study involving a Sri Lankan population of researchers, ethics committee members, and policy makers. A self administered questionnaire was utilised as the study instrument. The questionnaire captured four major areas of interest: demographic characteristics of respondents, their attitudes on informed consent policy, their opinion on rights of collaborating researchers, their attitudes on dealing with international differences in regulatory frameworks.ResultsThe study included 55 responders with 40/55 (73%) agreeing that donors should receive the option of giving informed consent for future research, with 31/55 (56%) considering multiple‐ type consent options most appropriate. Regarding the issue of shared samples in collaborative research majority agreed that source country ethics review committee approval was necessary 53/55 (96%).ConclusionThe study concludes that sample donors should be given the option of giving advance consent to unspecified future research provided that future research is approved by an ethics committee. In collaborative research, it is necessary to involve ethics committees from donor countries in the research approval process.
Distinct chromatin organization in the germ line founder cell of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo
Authors: Vágnerová Lenka , Gombitová Adriána , Cmarko Dušan , Lanctôt Christian 
Published: October 2014

Cells belonging to the germ lineage segregate physically and molecularly from their somatic neighbors during embryogenesis. While germ line‐specific chromatin modifications have been identified at later stages in the Caenorhabditis elegans nematode, none have been found in the single P4 germ line founder cell that arises at the beginning of gastrulation. Using light and electron microscopy, we now report that the chromatin organization in the germ line founder cell of the early C. elegans embryo is distinct from that in the neighboring somatic cells. This unique organization is characterized by a greater chromatin compaction and an expansion of the interchromatin compartment. The ultrastructure of individual chromatin domains does not differ between germ line and somatic cells, pointing to a specific organization mainly at the level of the whole nucleus. We show that this higher order reorganization of chromatin is not a consequence of the P4 nucleus being smaller than somatic nuclei or having initiated mitosis. Imaging of living embryos expressing fluorescent markers for both chromatin and P granules revealed that the appearance of a distinct chromatin organization in the P4 cell occurs approximately 10 min after its birth and coincides with the aggregation of P granules around the nucleus, suggesting a possible link between these two events. The higher order reorganization of chromatin that is reported here occurs during the establishment of definitive germ cell identity. The changes we have observed could therefore be a prerequisite for the programming of chromatin totipotency.
Making in‐roads across the youth mental health landscape in Singapore: the Community Health Assessment Team (CHAT)
Authors: Poon Lye Yin , Tay Eugene , Lee Yi Ping , Lee Helen , Verma Swapna 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimAdolescence and early adulthood is marked by physical, emotional and psychological changes, and is the peak onset of mental disorders. Internationally, one‐fifth of children and adolescents have serious mental health problems, yet services catering to them are scarce. Locally, traditional mental health services are associated with much stigma. In 2009, the Community Health Assessment Team (CHAT), a youth‐focused outreach and assessment service, was set up to address service gaps and care barriers.MethodsCHAT's key offering is a free and confidential mental health assessment service to facilitate help‐seeking individuals between the ages of 16 and 30 gain access to early treatment. Young persons' profile and assessment outcomes were collected and entered into a database.ResultsBetween May 2009 and March 2013, CHAT received 601 referrals: 40.1% (241/601) from young persons themselves and 40.9% (246/601) from school or community counsellors. 79.2% (313/395) of those assessed had mental health issues. 61.5% (243/395) were referred to specialist clinics and 28.6% (113/395) to school or community counsellors.ConclusionThere is a steady increase in our referrals; majority are self‐referred or referred from school and community counsellors. This attests to the success of our general outreach and targeted capacity‐building efforts. Cognizant of young persons' distress, CHAT continues to work with downstream services for continuity of care, which also presents opportunities to consolidate and expand our network of specialist and community partners. Future directions seek to address current challenges: having a mobile platform to complement our face‐to‐face assessments, and building collaborations to provide holistic services for young persons.
The efficacy and tolerability of pharmacologic treatment options forLennox‐Gastaut syndrome
Authors: Montouris Georgia D. , Wheless James W. , Glauser Tracy A. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryLennox‐Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a severe epileptic encephalopathy that appears in childhood.LGSis characterized by a slow spike‐wave pattern on electroencephalogram (EEG), cognitive impairment, and multiple seizure types. This mixture of seizure types, along with the need to use more than one type of medication, makesLGSone of the most complicated epilepsies to treat successfully. Recent developments in approved therapies for the treatment ofLGSoffer physicians more options, but also make developing a treatment strategy that minimizes adverse events more challenging. There are currently 5 treatment options forLGS: felbamate, lamotrigine, topiramate, rufinamide, and clobazam, and several others that are used off‐label, each of which has benefits and limitations. There are several factors that must be considered when determining which medication to use when treating patients withLGS, including efficacy, which is assessed by seizure frequency, tolerability, and the anticipated duration of treatment. In this article, data supporting current treatment options are discussed, and important considerations about the treatment ofLGSare reviewed.
Nonlinear thermal gradients shape broad‐scale patterns in geographic range size and can reverse Rapoport's rule
Authors: Tomašových Adam , Jablonski David , Berke Sarah K. , Krug Andrew Z. , Valentine James W. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimSpecies living at latitudes that have greater annual temperature variations are expected to achieve broader geographic ranges than species living at latitudes that have smaller annual temperature variations, generating a positive relationship between range size and latitude (Rapoport's rule). However, this prediction fails to take into account the greater latitudinal extent of tropical temperatures relative to those at higher latitudes. Here we model the contributions of the broader latitudinal extent of equal‐temperature habitats at low latitudes and the greater annual temperature variation at high latitudes to the range size–latitude relationship, and test whether the latitudinal variation in geographic range size in marine bivalves can be explained by models that account for both annual temperature variation and the steepness of latitudinal thermal gradients.LocationWestern Pacific, eastern Pacific and western Atlantic.MethodsWe use a null model where geographic ranges are placed on the ocean surface independently of thermal gradients, and a range‐expansion model where the minimum and maximum temperatures encompassed by the geographic range of a species (macroecological thermal ranges) are positively related to annual temperature minima and maxima at the location where the species originated. We compare results with a database containing 40,820 occurrences of 4760 marine bivalve species.ResultModels incorporating temperature‐limited range expansion along realistic thermal gradients predict an inverse relationship between range size and latitude, in opposition to Rapoport's rule. The distribution patterns of marine bivalves match this prediction.Main conclusionsThe poleward trend in latitudinal range size is determined by the nonlinearity of the latitudinal gradient of temperature minima and maxima and less by the latitudinal gradient of the local seasonal range in temperatures. Although tropical species do have narrower macroecological thermal ranges than high‐latitude species, the nearly constant temperatures over wide areas of the tropics allow tropical species to achieve broad latitudinal ranges.
The antioxidant activities and the xanthine oxidase inhibition effects of walnut (Juglans regia L.) fruit, stem and leaf
Authors: Wang Xiao , Zhao Mouming , Su Guowan , Cai Mengsen , Zhou Chunming , Huang Jiayi , Lin Lianzhu 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe antioxidant activities and xanthine oxidase inhibition effects of walnut fruit, stem and leaf were studied in this work. The total phenolic contents were in a descending sequence: shell extract > leaf extract > stem extract > defatted walnut kernel (DWK) extract > green husk extract (GHE). The sequence of total phenolic contents was in agreement with the sequence of antioxidant capacities evaluated by ferric reducing antioxidant power and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays except for DWK extract. The walnut shell extract showed the highest phenolic content (14.81 gallic acid equivalent g/100 g dry extract) and the best antioxidant activity (the ORAC value was 3423.44 ± 142.52 μmol Trolox equivalents g−1). All tested samples possessed xanthine oxidase inhibitory (XOI) effects, the inhibition percentages of which were >50% at 2 mg mL−1 except for stem and DWK extracts. The contents of the major compound (hydrojuglone) in all extracts were in a descending order: GHE > walnut stem extract > walnut shell extract > walnut leaf extract > DWK extract.
Does adherence therapy improve medication adherence among patients with schizophrenia? A systematic review
Authors: Hegedüs Anna , Kozel Bernd 
Published: October 2014

AbstractNon‐adherence to medication is highly prevalent in patients with schizophrenia. Adherence therapy aims to improve medication adherence of these patients by applying techniques of cognitive behavioural therapy, psycho‐education, and motivational interviewing. Even though adherence therapy is frequently discussed and researched, its effectiveness is still uncertain. This paper aims to review the effectiveness of adherence therapy on the medication adherence of patients with schizophrenia. To this end, six electronic databases were systematically searched for randomized, controlled trials on adherence therapy from January 2002 to March 2013. Four trials met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into the review. The findings suggest that adherence therapy does not improve patients' medication adherence in comparison to treatment as usual or a control intervention. However, all the studies reviewed showed high‐adherence ratings at baseline. Thus, further well‐designed studies that target adherence therapy to patients who are non‐adherent to their medication are needed for a more profound understanding of its effectiveness. In addition, if adherence therapy is aimed not only at improving medication adherence, but also to reach an agreement whereby the patient's decision not to take his medication is accepted, the shared decision‐making process needs to be assessed as well.
Strength Under Pressure/A World without Statistics
Authors: Hartman Katherine , Habermann Hermann , Harris-Kojetin Brian , Jones Christa , Louis Tom , Gelman Andrew 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Official statisticians need help to deal with the ethical dilemmas they face, say Katherine Hartman, Hermann Habermann, Brian Harris-Kojetin, Christa Jones and Tom Louis.
How would science, society and technology have evolved if we did not have statistics? Andrew Gelman imagines what might have been.