bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revised criteria for PCOS in WHO Group II anovulatory infertility – a revival of hypothalamic amenorrhoea?
Authors: Lauritsen Mette Petri , Pinborg Anja , Loft Anne , Petersen Jørgen Holm , Mikkelsen Anne Lis , Bjerge Marianne Rich , Nyboe Andersen Anders 
Published: September 2014

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate revised criteria for polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in anovulatory infertility.DesignProspective cohort study.PatientsWHO Group II anovulatory infertile women (n = 75).MeasurementsClinical, sonographic and endocrine parameters, including anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH).ResultsThe Rotterdam criteria for PCOM (antral follicle count (AFC) ≥12 and/or ovarian volume >10 ml) were fulfilled in 93% of the women. The PCOM prevalence was 68% when increasing the threshold to AFC >20 and 76% according to an AMH‐based threshold of >35 pmol/l. The most recently proposed AFC ≥ 25 threshold reduced the PCOM prevalence to 52% (n = 39), leaving 48% (n = 36) without features of PCOM. Comparing the 36 women with non‐PCOM with the 39 women in the PCOM group according to AFC ≥ 25, 22% vs 59% (P = 0·001) had serum LH >10 IU/l, 11% vs 41% (P = 0·003) had an LH/FSH ratio >2 and 19% vs 41% (P = 0·04) had hirsutism and/or elevated total testosterone, free testosterone, and/or androstenedione. The non‐PCOM group included significantly more women with secondary infertility. The median AMH in the non‐PCOM group was 47 pmol/l, which was twofold lower than in the PCOM group but above the upper limit of normo‐ovulatory women.ConclusionsAccording to a revised threshold of 25 follicles, almost half the anovulatory infertile women do not have PCOM. The characteristics of these women may be compatible with hypothalamic anovulation, but according to AMH levels, the ovaries remain multifollicular.PerspectivesA better distinction between hypothalamic amenorrhoea and PCOS could improve treatment strategies for anovulatory infertility.
Novel 3D polycaprolactone scaffold for ridge preservation – a pilot randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Goh Bee Tin , Teh Luan Yook , Tan Danny Ben Poon , Zhang Zhiyong , Teoh Swee Hin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesThis pilot randomised controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of using a polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold in fresh extraction sockets for ridge preservation. The hypothesis was that the insertion of a 3D bioresorbable PCL scaffold in fresh extraction sockets allowed for normal bone healing and better maintenance of ridge dimensions after 6 months as compared to extraction sockets without the scaffold.Material and methodsThirteen patients were randomised to either the test group (N = 6) where a PCL scaffold was inserted in the tooth socket after extraction or the control group (N = 7) where no space filler was used. Alveolar ridge height and width measurements were made at baseline and 6 months post‐extraction, for the evaluation of bone resorption. At 6 months, a core of bone was trephined out from the healed ridge for microcomputed tomographic (micro CT) and histological analyses, immediately before Stage I dental implant surgery. Stage II dental implant surgery was performed 4–6 months later.ResultsThere was less vertical ridge resorption in the test group compared to the control group, and the difference was statistically significant in the mesio‐buccal aspect (P = 0.008). Micro CT and histological observations showed mainly mineralised bone formation in both groups, except for one specimen in the test group.ConclusionsThe insertion of a 3D bioresorbable PCL scaffold in fresh extraction sockets allowed for normal bone healing, and there was better maintenance of ridge height after 6 months as compared to extraction sockets without the scaffold.
Effects of different biomaterials on augmented bone volume resorptions
Authors: Ezirganli Seref , Kazancioglu Hakki O. , Mihmanli Ahmet , Sharifov Rasul , Aydin Mehmet S. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the effects of platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF), deproteinized bovine bone graft (DBBG), and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) biomaterials on total volume resorption levels and bone augmentation.Materials and methodsNine New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups (PRF,DBBG, andBCP). Two titanium barriers were fixed bilaterally to each rabbit's calvarium; a total of 18 titanium barriers were used. All barriers were removed on the 90th day. Computed tomography (CT) images of the animals were taken on the 90th, 120th, 150th, and 180th days.ResultsWhen the resorption level of the total volume in all groups on the 120th, 150th, and 180th days was compared with that of the 90th day, no significant differences among all groups were found in all intervals. According to the total volume on the 90th and 180th days, statistically significant differences between groupsDBBGandBCPwere not found; however, statistically significant differences were found between groupPRFand the others groups (P < 0.001). On the other hand, there were statistically significant differences in regenerated bone area between groupPRFandBCP.ConclusionAccording to the results of this study, grafts such asDBBGorBCPmust be used to augment bone volume sufficiently in guided bone regeneration.
Orlistat‐induced fulminant hepatic failure
Authors: Sall D. , Wang J. , Rashkin M. , Welch M. , Droege C. , Schauer D. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryOrlistat was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1998 and has been shown to be superior to placebo in achieving weight loss. It is generally well tolerated. However, severe liver injury has been reported. We present a case of hepatic failure in a patient taking orlistat. A 54‐year‐old African‐American woman with hypertension presented with hepatic failure. She had noticed increasing fatigue, jaundice and confusion. She used alcohol sparingly and denied tobacco or illicit drug use, but had been taking over‐the‐counter orlistat for the past two months. Physical examination revealed scleral icterus, jaundice, asterixis and slow speech. Laboratory testing showed markedly abnormal liver function tests with coagulopathy. Acute viral and autoimmune serologies were negative, as was toxicology screen. Liver biopsy showed necrotic hepatic parenchyma likely secondary to drug toxicity. Based upon her clinical presentation and time course, the pattern of liver injury seen on liver biopsy and lack of an alternative plausible explanation, her liver failure was most likely associated with orlistat use. She continued to deteriorate and ultimately underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. Fourteen cases of severe liver injury associated with orlistat use have been reported, four of which are detailed in the literature. This is the second published case of liver failure associated with over‐the‐counter orlistat usage. Clinicians should be aware of the growing number of cases associating liver injury and orlistat use and carefully monitor their patients on this medication for signs of hepatic dysfunction.
Hauterkrankungen bei Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gkogkolou Paraskevi , Böhm Markus 
Published: September 2014

ZusammenfassungDiabetes mellitus ist eine der häufigsten Erkrankungen der westlichen Industrienationen mit weltweit circa 300 Millionen Betroffenen. Die diabetische Stoffwechsellage führt zu Veränderungen praktisch aller Zelltypen und Organe des Körpers. Komplikationen an der Haut zählen hierbei zu den häufigsten Veränderungen. Da Hauterscheinungen einem Diabetes mellitus vorangehen können, besitzen sie eine diagnostische Relevanz. Andere Hautveränderungen und ‐erkrankungen entwickeln sich erst im Laufe eines Diabetes mellitus, sind mitunter mit Komplikationen innerer Organe assoziiert oder treten als unerwünschte Wirkung einer antidiabetischen Therapie auf. Besonders das Auftreten eines diabetischen Fußsyndroms geht mit einer signifikant erhöhten Morbidität und Mortalität von Diabetes‐Patienten einher und führt zu einem bedeutsamen Anstieg direkter und indirekter Kosten im Gesundheitssystem. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden die häufigsten Hauterkrankungen bei Diabetes mellitus sowie deren Pathophysiologie und aktuelle Therapie dargestellt.
Die Bedeutung von humanen 6‐sulfo LacNAc dendritischen Zellen (slanDCs) bei Autoimmunität und Tumorerkrankungen
Authors: Döbel Thomas , Schäkel Knut 
Published: September 2014

ZusammenfassungDendritische Zellen spielen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Regulation immunologischer Reaktivität. Die Existenz funktionell spezialisierter Populationen dendritischer Zellen der Haut ist eine Konsequenz der unterschiedlichen Qualität von Angriffen auf unseren Organismus. Als slanDCs werden inflammatorische dendritische Zellen des Menschen bezeichnet, die sich durch die spezifische Expression des Zuckers 6‐sulfo LacNAc (slan) auszeichnen. Nach phänotypischer Maturation besitzen slanDCs die Fähigkeit zur Produktion großer Mengen proinflammatorischer Mediatoren wie IL‐12, TNF‐α, IL‐1β und IL‐23. Aktuelle Daten beschreiben eine mögliche Bedeutung dieser proinflammatorischen Zellen bei so unterschiedlichen Erkrankungen wie der Psoriasis, dem Lupus erythematodes aber auch Tumorerkrankungen und eröffnen dadurch neue Felder der Pathogeneseforschung. Zudem wurde als Basis einer gezielten therapeutischen Manipulation ein slanDC‐spezifisches Targeting‐System entwickelt. Zukünftige Herausforderungen liegen in der Erarbeitung eines besseren Verständnisses der spezifischen Bedeutung von slanDCs für die Regulation der unspezifischen und spezifischen Immunantwort sowie einer Translation dieses Wissens in therapeutische Optionen.
Allergie gegen Meeresfrüchte bei Köchen: Fallserie und Literaturübersicht
Authors: Dickel Heinrich , Bruckner Thomas , Altmeyer Peter , Künzlberger Beate 
Published: September 2014

ZusammenfassungHintergrundMeeresfrüchte sind sehr potente Allergene. Epidemiologische Studien über Meeresfruchtallergien bei Köchen, der herausragend exponierten Berufsgruppe, existieren bislang nicht. Ziel der Arbeit war es anhand einer ersten größeren Fallserie die hohe Relevanz und Konsequenzen einer Meeresfrüchteallergie bei Köchen aufzuzeigen.Patienten und MethodikRetrospektive Auswertung aller zugesandten Feststellungsverfahrensakten zur Frage des Vorliegens einer Berufskrankheit nach Nr. 5101 der Anlage zur Berufskrankheitenverordnung.ErgebnisseZwischen Januar 2008 und April 2014 wurden 30 Köche (Männeranteil 70 %) mit einer berufsbedingten Meeresfrüchteallergie begutachtet. Es handelte sich mehrheitlich um recht junge Versicherte (Altersmedian 24,7 J.) mit einer frühen Manifestation der Meeresfrüchteallergie (im Median nach 1,7 Berufsjahren), fast ausnahmslos beginnend an den Händen (96,7 %). Am häufigsten waren Soforttypsensibilisierungen gegenüber Kabeljau, Lachs, Forelle und Hering aktendokumentiert. In fünf Fällen (16,7 %) war eine notärztliche Therapie aufgrund eines anaphylaktischen Schocks am Arbeitsplatz notwendig geworden. Die Berufsaufgabe war in 27 Fällen (90 %) geboten und erfolgte im Median nach 6,3 Berufsjahren.SchlussfolgerungenMeeresfruchtallergien bei Köchen zeichnen sich durch einen rasch progredienten Verlauf bereits nach wenigen Berufsjahren aus. Die Hinlänglichkeit von Arbeits‐, Hautschutz‐ und Therapiemaßnahmen bleibt stets kritisch zu hinterfragen. Rechtzeitig ist daher der Aufgabezwang der gefährdenden Kochtätigkeit zu prüfen. Die Versorgung mit einem einen Epinephrin‐Autoinjektor beinhaltenden Notfallset zu Lasten des Unfallversicherungsträgers ist unabdingbar.
Pulmonary Pulse Transit Time: A Novel Echocardiographic Indicator of Hemodynamic and Vascular Alterations in Pulmonary Hypertension and Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Wibmer Thomas , Rüdiger Stefan , Scharnbeck Dominik , Radermacher Michael , Markovic Sinisa , Stoiber Kathrin M. , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Schumann Christian 
Published: September 2014

IntroductionPulse transit time (PTT) is generally assumed to be a surrogate marker for blood pressure changes and arterial stiffness. The aim was to evaluate whether pulmonary PTT (pPTT) may be noninvasively measured by Doppler echocardiography and whether it might be valuable for detecting pulmonary hemodynamic and vascular alterations.MethodsWe defined pPTT as the interval between R‐wave in the ECG and the corresponding peak late systolic pulmonary vein flow velocity measured by pw‐Doppler in the pulmonary vein. Twelve consecutive patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and 12 subjects without any cardiovascular or respiratory disease were included in the study. All patients underwent a standard echocardiography including pPTT measurement.ResultsIn the PH group, 5 patients had idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (WHO 1), 1 patient PH associated with connective tissue disease (CTD, WHO 1) without pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and 6 patients PH associated with PF either due to CTD (WHO 1) or other etiology (WHO 3). Mean pPTT was significantly shorter in the PH group (138.0 ± 16.78 msec; P < 0.0001) than in the control group (383.5 ± 23.84 msec). Within the PH group, the subgroup of patients with PF showed significantly shorter mean pPTT (93.50 ± 15.47 msec; P = 0.004) than the subgroup of patients with PH without PF (182.6 ± 14.35 msec).ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that pPTT might be an interesting surrogate marker of pulmonary hemodynamic and vascular alterations in PH and PF. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the possible influence of other variables on pPTT.
Comparison of measures of functioning for use with treatment‐seeking adolescents experiencing attenuated symptoms of psychosis
Authors: Wilson Camille , Kline Emily , Thompson Elizabeth , Demro Caroline , Pitts Steven , Bussell Kristin , Reeves Gloria M. , Schiffman Jason 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimA growing body of research documents a relation between psychosis risk and functional impairment. Although a general picture of psychosis risk and impaired functioning is emerging, less is known about how different functional measures relate to specific psychosis‐risk symptoms.MethodsThe current study examines the relative contribution of psychosis‐risk symptoms across multiple measures of functioning in a sample of treatment‐seeking adolescents and young adults.ResultsResults indicate that different domains of psychosis‐risk symptoms (negative and positive psychotic symptoms, related affective symptoms) contribute differentially to measures of different types of functioning.ConclusionStudy of the relation between psychosis‐risk symptoms and different measures of functional impairment can potentially contribute towards a more efficient use of measures of functioning and help inform individualized treatment considerations.
Relationship between menarche and psychosis onset in women with first episode of psychosis
Authors: Rubio‐Abadal Elena , Usall Judith , Barajas Anna , Carlson Janina , Iniesta Raquel , Huerta‐Ramos Elena , Baños Iris , Dolz Montserrat , Sánchez Bernardo ,   GENIPE Group, Ochoa Susana 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between age at menarche and age at first episode of psychosis, as well as clinical severity and outcome, in a population of women with first‐episode psychosis.MethodsClinical and socio‐demographical data, age at menarche and at first‐episode psychosis, parental history of psychosis and cannabis‐use habits were obtained from 42 subjects with a first episode of psychosis. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Clinical Global Impression, Global Assessment Function, Disability Assessment Schedule, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, European Quality of Life, and Lewis and Murray Obstetric Complication Scales were administered. Statistical analysis was performed by means of zero‐order correlations and Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests using SPSS version 17.0.ResultsWe found no significant correlation between age at menarche and age at first‐episode psychosis, or with the clinical scores performed. We observed that subjects with earlier age at menarche had more parental history of psychosis.ConclusionsOur negative results do not support the theory of a possible protective role of oestrogen, which seems to be more complex than previously thought. We would suggest that further research is needed to investigate developmental influences of sex steroids on the onset of psychosis and potentially therapeutic benefits based upon oestrogen.
The predictability of frequency‐altered auditory feedback changes the weighting of feedback and feedforward input for speech motor control
Authors: Scheerer Nichole E. , Jones Jeffery A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSpeech production requires the combined effort of a feedback control system driven by sensory feedback, and a feedforward control system driven by internal models. However, the factors that dictate the relative weighting of these feedback and feedforward control systems are unclear. In this event‐related potential (ERP) study, participants produced vocalisations while being exposed to blocks of frequency‐altered feedback (FAF) perturbations that were either predictable in magnitude (consistently either 50 or 100 cents) or unpredictable in magnitude (50‐ and 100‐cent perturbations varying randomly within each vocalisation). Vocal and P1–N1–P2 ERP responses revealed decreases in the magnitude and trial‐to‐trial variability of vocal responses, smaller N1 amplitudes, and shorter vocal, P1 and N1 response latencies following predictable FAF perturbation magnitudes. In addition, vocal response magnitudes correlated with N1 amplitudes, vocal response latencies, and P2 latencies. This pattern of results suggests that after repeated exposure to predictable FAF perturbations, the contribution of the feedforward control system increases. Examination of the presentation order of the FAF perturbations revealed smaller compensatory responses, smaller P1 and P2 amplitudes, and shorter N1 latencies when the block of predictable 100‐cent perturbations occurred prior to the block of predictable 50‐cent perturbations. These results suggest that exposure to large perturbations modulates responses to subsequent perturbations of equal or smaller size. Similarly, exposure to a 100‐cent perturbation prior to a 50‐cent perturbation within a vocalisation decreased the magnitude of vocal and N1 responses, but increased P1 and P2 latencies. Thus, exposure to a single perturbation can affect responses to subsequent perturbations.
The diverse roles and multiple forms of focal adhesion kinase in brain
Authors: Armendáriz Beatriz G. , Masdeu Maria del Mar , Soriano Eduardo , Ureña Jesús M. , Burgaya Ferran 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAlthough it was originally characterized as a constituent of focal adhesions in fibroblasts, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is now considered to be not only a mediator of adhesion processes but also a crucial regulator of guidance and a modulator of gene expression. FAK is the main transducer of the integrin signaling required to stabilize the actin cytoskeleton. However, additional activities have been described over the years. In the brain, FAK deserves particular attention as it is found in various alternatively spliced forms – these distributed in multiple subcellular compartments or bound to multiple partners. Moreover, its signaling involves not only phosphorylation but also ubiquitination and proteolysis. Several experimental cell models demonstrate that FAK increases or decreases migration, participates in differentiation and contributes to plasticity events. In addition, this kinase is linked to cell survival in cancer and apoptosis. This review focuses on the diversity of events involving brain‐located forms of FAK.
Potential alteration of cross‐ecosystem resource subsidies by an invasive aquatic macroinvertebrate: implications for the terrestrial food web
Authors: Gergs René , Koester Meike , Schulz Robert S. , Schulz Ralf 
Published: September 2014

Summary

Biodiversity is globally threatened by the replacement of native species by invasive species and ensuing changes in ecosystem functioning. Although trophic linkages between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems have received attention, effects of aquatic invasive species on the flow of resource subsidies have been considered only recently.

We examined how the effects of one of the most invasive macroinvertebrate species in European waterways, the amphipod Dikerogammarus villosus, extend from streams to the terrestrial food web. We quantified aquatic emergence and the contribution of aquatic resources to the diets of two riparian spider taxa in relation to the density of D. villosus.

Our results indicated that the effects of this invasive species carry over to the terrestrial system via cross‐ecosystem flow of resource subsidy. The contribution of aquatic resources to the diet of the terrestrial web‐building spider Tetragnatha decreased from 60% at low densities of D. villosus to 10% at a D. villosus density >5000 individuals m−2. This correlates with a decreasing emergence rate of merolimnic midges (species with an aquatic larval phase) from 12 to <3 mg dry biomass m−2 day−1 at the respective densities of D. villosus.

The magnitude of biomass flow from the aquatic to the terrestrial ecosystem is most likely decreased by D. villosus, and this decrease extends to the diet of riparian web‐building spiders. Effects of this aquatic invader may also extend to a decoupling of the terrestrial ecosystem from the aquatic ecosystem in terms of subsidy flux.
Warmer winters reduce frog fecundity and shift breeding phenology, which consequently alters larval development and metamorphic timing
Authors: Benard Michael F. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractOne widely documented phenological response to climate change is the earlier occurrence of spring‐breeding events. While such climate change‐driven shifts in phenology are common, their consequences for individuals and populations have rarely been investigated. I addressed this gap in our knowledge by using a multi‐year observational study of six wood frog (Rana sylvatica) populations near the southern edge of their range. I tested first if winter temperature or precipitation affected the date of breeding and female fecundity, and second if timing of breeding affected subsequent larval development rate, mass at metamorphosis, date of metamorphosis, and survival. Warmer winters were associated with earlier breeding but reduced female fecundity. Winter precipitation did not affect breeding date, but was positively associated with female fecundity. There was no association between earlier breeding and larval survival or mass at metamorphosis, but earlier breeding was associated with delayed larval development. The delay in larval development was explained through a counterintuitive correlation between breeding date and temperature during larval development. Warmer winters led to earlier breeding, which in turn was associated with cooler post‐breeding temperatures that slowed larval development. The delay in larval development did not fully compensate for the earlier breeding, such that for every 2 days earlier that breeding took place, the average date of metamorphosis was 1 day earlier. Other studies have found that earlier metamorphosis is associated with increased postmetamorphic growth and survival, suggesting that earlier breeding has beneficial effects on wood frog populations.