bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategy of health information seeking among physicians, medical residents, and students after introducing digital library and information technology in teaching hospitals of Iran
Authors: kahouei Mehdi , Alaei Safollah , Shariat Panahi Sohaila Sadat Ghazavi , Zadeh Jamileh Mahdi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectivesIt is important for physicians, medical students and health care organizations of developing countries to use reliable clinical information in order to deliver the best practice. Therefore, health sector of Iran endeavored to encourage physicians and medical students to integrate research findings into practice since 2005. Several educational interventions in the areas of information technology and databases were performed. Digital library was introduced in the teaching hospitals. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether these interventions increased the use of evidence‐based health information resources among physicians, medical residents and students.MethodsThis descriptive study involved 315 physicians, assistants and medical students in affiliated hospitals of Semnan University of medical sciences in 2013.ResultsA total 52.9% of physicians and 79.5% of medical residents and students always used patient data. 81.3% of physicians and 67.1% of medical residents and students reported using their own experiences, 26.5% of physicians and 16.9% of medical residents and students always used databases such as PubMed and MEDLINE for patient care.ConclusionOur results revealed that in spite of providing educational and technical infrastructures for accomplishment of research utilization in medical education, the study subjects often identified and used what they regarded as reliable and relevant information from sources that do not truly represent the best evidence that is available.
Comparative imaging of European eels (Anguilla anguilla) for the evaluation of swimbladder nematode (Anguillicoloides crassus) infestation
Authors: Frisch K , Davie A , Schwarz T , Turnbull JF 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis study compares diagnostic imaging tools in detecting the parasitic swimbladder nematode Anguillicoloides crassus in Anguilla anguilla (L.) and focuses on ultrasound in an attempt to develop a non‐destructive, field diagnostic test. Ultrasound use could allow the parasite to be diagnosed without decreasing the number of critically endangered European eels through post‐mortem. In the preliminary study, eels were examined with computed radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, 14 MHz high‐end ultrasound and 5 MHz low‐end portable ultrasound, and the results were compared with post‐mortem findings. This ultrasound scanning technique did not produce any promising results. A second batch of eels was examined using the same high‐end and low‐end ultrasounds, but employing a different scanning technique and comparing the results with post‐mortem. This second study, scanning along the midline from below, allowed for the detection of anomalies associated with moderately infected animals. None of the eels used in this study were severely infected; thus, no conclusions can be made regarding the use of ultrasound in those animals. Overall, it was found that none of the techniques were useful in diagnosing mildly infected individuals; therefore, no single diagnostic imaging tool is sensitive enough to replace post‐mortem for definite diagnosis.
Testate amoeba Rhogostoma minus Belar, 1921, associated with nodular gill disease of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)
Authors: Dyková I , Tyml T 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe case study targeted to determine the aetiology of nodular gill disease (NGD) of farmed rainbow trout. The methods included microscopical examination of gill material in fresh, culturing of isolated organisms, histology, transmission electron microscopy and molecular biology identification. The results revealed an intravital colonization of fish gills by the testate amoeba Rhogostoma minus Belar, 1921. Rhogostoma infection was found in all fish examined microscopically (15/15); in contrast, naked amoebae related to fully developed NGD lesions were found in minority of these fish (5/15). They belonged to four genera, Acanthamoeba, Vermamoeba, Naegleria and Vannella. Results presented in this study contribute to the mosaic of findings that contrary to amoebic gill disease of marine fish turn attention to the possibility of the heterogeneous, multi‐amoeba‐species and multifactorial aetiology of NGD.
Programmed cell death in seeds of angiosperms
Authors: López‐Fernández María Paula , Maldonado Sara 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDuring the diversification of angiosperms, seeds have evolved structural, chemical, molecular and physiologically developing changes that specially affect the nucellus and endosperm. All through seed evolution, programmed cell death (PCD) has played a fundamental role. However, examples of PCD during seed development are limited. The present review examines PCD in integuments, nucellus, suspensor and endosperm in those representative examples of seeds studied to date.
Using the Unfolding Case Study in Midwifery Education
Authors: Carr Katherine Camacho 
Published: May 2015

One of the challenges in teaching clinicians is helping health care provider students, including midwives, develop the critical thinking and clinical decision‐making skills needed for various situations encountered in practice. Health care provider students need to master the required core knowledge and skills but also need to assess, analyze, judge, decide on action, act, and evaluate their actions. Lecture‐heavy classroom teaching, which is usually delivered separately from clinical experiences in health care education, focuses on knowledge acquisition, often leaving knowledge application to trial and error. Case studies are commonly used by faculty with a problem‐based learning approach, which is more analytic but sometimes static. The unfolding case study presents students with a patient scenario that changes over time and allows for discussion; lecture points as needed; and decision making as the situation or condition changes, reflecting what happens in real‐life clinical practice. The use of the unfolding case study moves health care provider education from fact‐based lecturing to situation‐based discussion and decision making as a person's condition or situation changes. Use of the unfolding case facilitates collaborative learning, covers necessary content, and assists students to think beyond the facts and use their clinical imagination. Unfolding case studies require students to begin to grasp the nature of a clinical situation and adjust interventions as the clinical situation unfolds. Steps in developing and using an unfolding case study for midwifery students are presented, including 2 examples.This article is part of a special series of articles that address midwifery innovations in clinical practice, education, interprofessional collaboration, health policy, and global health.
The Partisan Battle Over College Student Voting: An Analysis of Student Voting Behavior in Federal, State, and Local Elections*
Authors: Ardoin Phillip J. , Bell C. Scott , Ragozzino Michael M. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveWe aim to test the hypothesis that college students provide Democratic candidates with greater electoral support and whether this varies among federal, state, and local elections. We also test whether college students mobilized by presidential campaigns are more likely to abstain from voting for state and local elections.MethodsTo examine these questions, we employed OLS and difference‐of‐means tests to analyze the distribution of votes cast in competitive elections for the November 2008 elections in 86 precincts located on 42 college campuses across five states as compared to the distribution of votes cast in noncollege precincts. College precincts were identified by representatives from each community's local Board of Elections.ResultsIn line with conventional wisdom, the results of the analyses indicate Democratic candidates for federal offices do consistently receive greater electoral support from precincts located on college campuses as compared to noncollege precincts. However, the analyses of state and local elections highlight substantial variation in the level of support that Democratic candidates receive from precincts located on college campuses. Moreover, we found many college students in 2008 cast their ballots for Obama, but chose not to participate in lower‐level elections.ConclusionRepublican fears regarding college students turning small towns on their heads via the ballot box are not supported by our analyses. On average, students vote more democratically than nonstudents but they are also more likely to simply choose not to vote for local candidates. By and large, they come to the polls to vote for national offices, not local ones.
Intersection homology of linkage spaces
Authors: Schütz Dirk 
Published: May 2015

We consider the moduli spaces [Formula: see text] of a closed linkage with [Formula: see text] links and prescribed lengths [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text]-dimensional Euclidean space. For [Formula: see text] these spaces are no longer manifolds generically, but they have the structure of a pseudomanifold. We use intersection homology to assign a ring to these spaces that can be used to distinguish the homeomorphism types of [Formula: see text] for a large class of length vectors in the case of [Formula: see text] even. This result is a high-dimensional analogue of the Walker conjecture which was proven by Farber, Hausmann and the author.
Sensitivity of Precipitation Statistics to Resolution, Microphysics, and Convective Parameterization: A Case Study with the High-Resolution WRF Climate Model over Europe
Authors: Pieri Alexandre B. , von Hardenberg Jost , Parodi Antonio , Provenzale Antonello 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe explore the impact of different resolutions, convective closures, and microphysical parameterizations on the representation of precipitation statistics (climatology, seasonal cycle, and intense events) in 20-yr-long simulations over Europe with the regional climate Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The simulations are forced in the period 1979–98, using as boundary conditions the ERA-Interim fields over the European region. Special attention is paid to the representation of precipitation in the Alpine area. We consider spatial resolutions ranging from 0.11° to 0.037°, allowing for an explicit representation of convection at the highest resolution. Our results show that while there is a good overall agreement between observed and modeled precipitation patterns, the model outputs display a positive precipitation bias, particularly in winter. The choice of the microphysics scheme is shown to significantly affect the statistics of intense events. High resolution and explicitly resolved convection help to considerably reduce precipitation biases in summer and the reproduction of precipitation statistics.
Measuring Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation at a Wavy Sea Surface
Authors: Sutherland Peter , Melville W. Kendall 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWave breaking is thought to be the dominant mechanism for energy loss by the surface wave field. Breaking results in energetic and highly turbulent velocity fields, concentrated within approximately one wave height of the surface. To make meaningful estimates of wave energy dissipation in the upper ocean, it is then necessary to make accurate measurements of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation very near the surface. However, the surface wave field makes measurements of turbulence at the air–sea interface challenging since the energy spectrum contains energy from both waves and turbulence over the same range of wavenumbers and frequencies. Furthermore, wave orbital velocities can advect the turbulent wake of instrumentation into the sampling volume of the instrument. In this work a new technique for measuring TKE dissipation at the sea surface that overcomes these difficulties is presented. Using a stereo pair of longwave infrared cameras, it is possible to reconstruct the surface displacement and velocity fields. The vorticity of that velocity field can then be considered to be representative of the rotational turbulence and not the irrotational wave orbital velocities. The turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate can then be calculated by comparing the vorticity spectrum to a universal spectrum. Average surface TKE dissipation calculated in this manner was found to be consistent with near-surface values from the literature, and time-dependent dissipation was found to depend on breaking.
Electronic Circuit Analysis Using Apl
Authors: Mitchell R. H. , Penstone S. R. 
Published: May 2015

This paper describes the use of a time-shared APL interactive facility in the teaching of electronic circuit analysis and design A set of APL functions are described which allow students to use a step-by-step procedure to solve network problems. These functions calculate the admittance matrix, determinants, cofactors, transfer impedances and gains. An a.c. response program which uses the above functions to calculate the overall frequency response is also presented.
Surviving, healing and moving forward: Journeys towards resilience among Canadian Cree adults
Authors: Isaak Corinne A , Stewart Donna E , Mota Natalie P , Munro Garry , Katz Laurence Y , Sareen Jitender 
Published: May 2015

Background: Canadian First Nations (FN) people have experienced and continue to experience significant adversities, yet many demonstrate aspects of resilience. Aim: The aim of this qualitative study was to specifically understand Cree adults’ meanings and mechanisms of resilience following maltreatment. Methods: Ten Cree adults were interviewed individually. Modified grounded theory was used to interpret the transcribed interviews. Results: Participants discussed resilience as a journey of ‘survival’ and ‘overcoming’ and pathways to healing that were multifactorial and included traditional teachings. Conclusion: Mental health providers should consider and incorporate these mechanisms into treatment for Cree people, when appropriate, to aid recovery.
Women versus the State: Organizing Resistance and Contesting Exploitation in Indonesian Labor Migration to Hong Kong
Authors: Sim Amy 
Published: May 2015

This article examines the role of the state and the private sector in temporary labor migration and the responses of migrant workers to resist oppressive practices in labor export from the sending country. More precisely, it explores state-backed practices in the creation of debt bondage among Indonesian migrant women and state responses to developments in the Indonesian women's labor movement in Hong Kong. Indonesian women migrant workers in Hong Kong had begun to organize collectively from 2000 and this study of women's activism in labor migration interrogates their grounded notions and practices that underlie women's empowerment. While ideas and definitions of women's empowerment vary widely and attempts to empower women do not always bring about the desired effects of transforming disempowering structures, this article will attempt to show why certain modes of empowerment lead to structural transformations while others are less promising for women. This article serves as documentation of a historical phenomenon in women's labor migration and concludes with some of the principles that engender women's empowerment as social and collective qualities.
Teaching of Computer-Based Data Acquisition and Control for Mechanical Engineering Undergraduates during an in-House Practical Training (IHPT) Programme
Authors: Ang H. E. , Seet G. G. L. , Lwin D. T. 
Published: May 2015

The application of computers in the control of electromechanical systems makes it necessary for all mechanical engineers to be equipped with a firm understanding of the basics of a computer-based data acquisition and control system. Nanyang Technological University conducts, as part of its in-house practical training programme (IHPT), a 20-hour course which introduces the basics of C-language programming and computer-based data acquisition and control to its second-year mechanical engineering undergraduates. This paper discusses the hardware set-up of the environment simulation board and its interface to an IBM/PC compatible. The unique structure of the programme, which aims to provide a launching point from which its student can pursue individual learning with confidence, is described. Microsoft QuickC was chosen because of its friendly environment and the recognized importance of C language in engineering software development. By precise identification of the objectives and by appropriate structuring of the course, the majority of students finish the course with sufficient familiarity and confidence for implementing the data acquisition process.
A Simple Unified Treatment of the Torsion Problem in Bars of Rectangular Cross-Section and Levy's Solution in Classical Plate Theory
Authors: Laura Patricio A. A. , Gelos Roberto 
Published: May 2015

A survey of the literature reveals that the problems stated in the title are solved independently: in the case of the torsion problem the trigonometric terms are of the type ( cos (nπx)/2a, n = 1,3,5,…) while when implementing Levy's solution one uses terms of the type ( sin (nπx)/a, n = 1,3,5,…). In the first case the coordinate system coincides with the axis of symmetry of the rectangle while, in the second, the y-axis coincides with the left, vertical side of the rectangle and the x-axis is the horizontal axis of symmetry of the configuration. It is shown in the present study that a basic, unified approach is possible for solving both problems using the coordinate system mentioned in the second place and expressing the dependent variable in terms of the infinite series [Formula: see text]
Glucose Disturbances and Atypical Antipsychotic Use in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Bishara Amy , Phan Stephanie V. , Young Henry N. , Liao T. Vivian 
Published: May 2015

Purpose: Chronic use of atypical antipsychotics may lead to metabolic abnormalities including hyperglycemia. Although evidence supports acute hyperglycemic episodes associated with atypical antipsychotic use, the acute use of atypical antipsychotics in the intensive care unit (ICU) setting has not been studied. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the occurrence of hyperglycemia in ICU patients receiving newly prescribed atypical antipsychotic. Summary: Of the 273 patient charts reviewed, 50 patients were included in this study. Approximately 45% of patients experienced at least 1 hyperglycemic episode (blood glucose >180 mg/dL) after the initiation of an atypical antipsychotic in the ICU. Of the patients experiencing at least 1 hyperglycemic episode, 60% experienced multiple distinct hyperglycemic episodes. In this study, quetiapine was the most commonly used atypical antipsychotic, 19 (38%) patients were discharged from the ICU on the atypical antipsychotic, 6 (12%) patients died in the ICU, and 31 (62%) patients were treated with an antihyperglycemic agent. Logistic regression analysis showed that women and ICU patients with a higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score were significantly more likely to have multiple hyperglycemic episodes. Conclusion: Patients admitted to the ICU and initiated on an atypical antipsychotic may develop hyperglycemia independent of other glucose-elevating factors. The direct correlation of these agents to resulting acute hyperglycemia is unknown. Further studies are needed to investigate the link between atypical antipsychotics and acute hyperglycemia and the clinical significance of the impact on patient outcomes.
Effect upon the anti-HIV Activity of 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine and 3′-Fluoro-3′-Deoxythymidine of Combination with anti-Herpes Nucleoside Analogues
Authors: Cox S. , Vissgården A. , Wahren B. 
Published: May 2015

The treatment of the severe and often life-threatening herpesvirus infections which commonly occur in AIDS patients is complicated by the need to treat simultaneously with drugs directed against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Combining together different drugs in this way can lead to effects upon the activities of the individual drugs, such as synergism or antagonism. The effect upon the anti-HIV activity of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) and 3′-fluoro-3′-deoxythymidine (FLT) of combination with the anti-herpesvirus drugs 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl-)guanine (DHPG; ganciclovir) and (-)-9-[4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)butyl]guanine ([-]-2HM-HBG) was investigated. Neither DHPG nor (-)-2HM-HBG showed antiviral activity against HIV-1 up to 50 [AM. When combined with AZT or FLT at ratios of antiherpes:anti-HIV drug of 10:1 or greater, both DHPG and (-)-2HM-HBG antagonized the anti-HIV activity of AZT and FLT. When combined at a lower ratio (1:1), there was no effect upon the anti-HIV activity of either AZT or FLT. The phosphorylation of FLT was found to be unchanged in the presence of DHPG or (-)-2HM-HBG, indicating that the mechanism of the antagonism was not owing to an effect of DHPG or (-)-2HM-HBG upon the metabolism of the anti-HIV drugs. The results suggest that combination chemotherapy with the anti-herpes drugs DHPG/(-)-2HM-HBG and AZT/FLT should be used cautiously. The possibility of such antagonistic interactions should be borne in mind when considering the choice of drug and ratio for treatment of herpesvirus infections in AIDS patients on anti-HIV therapy.
Scientific Expertise and Comparative Criminal Procedure
Authors: Alldridge Peter 
Published: May 2015

… the legacy of postmodernism is that truth is not fixed, meanings are ‘located’ provisionally, not ‘discovered’ and people who ‘find’ truth, whether judges, juries, critics, or, yes, even scientists, have interests — social, economic, political, racial, gender — that affect how they see the world. However much we may be convinced of the merits of the Anglo-Saxon judicial system, the courtroom is not the best place, and the adversary procedure is not the right method, to decide what is and what is not a science.
TransForm occlusion balloon catheter for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, initial experience
Authors: Bartolini Bruno , Blanc Raphaël , Pistocchi Silvia , Redjem Hocine , Ciccio Gabriele , Piotin Michel 
Published: May 2015

Introduction The technique of balloon remodeling allows the endovascular treatment of wide-neck intracranial aneurysms. For many years the only available devices were the Hyperform and the Hyperglide balloon catheters. Recently, other companies have developed newer devices, single or dual-lumen. We present our initial experience with the TransForm occlusion balloon catheter for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. Methods We retrospectively analysed from our prospectively gathered aneurysm database all aneurysms that were treated with balloon remodelling using TransForm occlusion balloon catheters from January 2013 to February 2014. We assessed patient demographics, morphological features of the aneurysms, procedure feasibility, technical and clinical complications. Results Thirty-three patients harbouring 36 intracranial saccular aneurysms were treated during 33 procedures. Clinical finding were: 15 incidental discovery, 13 subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), five aneurysms with mass effect, one ruptured aneurysm with SAH and mass effect, one recanalisation and one intraparenchymal haematoma. Thirty-five aneurysms were in the anterior and one in the posterior circulation. Mean dome and neck size were, respectively, 5.8 mm and 3.6 mm. Twenty-three aneurysms were treated with TransForm C and 13 with TransForm SC. We had two procedural thromboembolic complications, without permanent clinical events. No early rebleeding occurred. Conclusions In our small series, the TransForm occlusion balloon catheter seems to be safe and effective for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms, in ruptured and unruptured cases.