bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in surveillance for resected colorectal cancer, 2001‐2009
Authors: Paulson E. Carter , Veenstra Christine M. , Vachani Anil , Ciunci Christine A. , Epstein Andrew J. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUNDLittle is known about recent trends in surveillance among the more than 1 million US colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors. Moreover, for stage I disease, which accounts for more than 30% of survivors, the guidelines are limited, and the use of surveillance has not been well studied. Guidelines were changed in 2005 to include recommendations for computed tomography (CT) surveillance in select patients, but the impact of these changes has not been explored.METHODSA retrospective analysis of patients who were identified in the Survival, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare database and underwent resection of stage I to III CRC between 2001 and 2009 was performed. The receipt of guideline‐determined sufficient surveillance, including office visits, colonoscopy, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) testing, and CT imaging, in the 3 years after resection was evaluated.RESULTSThe study included 23,990 colon cancer patients and 5665 rectal cancer patients. Rates of office visits and colonoscopy were high and stable over the study period. Rates of CEA surveillance increased over the study period but remained low, even for stage III disease. Rates of CT imaging increased gradually during the study period, but the 2005 guideline change had no effect. Stage II patients, including high‐risk patients, received surveillance at significantly lower rates than stage III patients despite similar recommendations. Conversely, up to 30% of stage I patients received nonrecommended CEA testing and CT imaging.CONCLUSIONSThere continues to be substantial underuse of surveillance for CRC survivors and particularly for stage II patients, who constitute almost 40% of survivors. The 2005 guideline change had a negligible impact on CT surveillance. Conversely, although guidelines are limited, many stage I patients are receiving intensive surveillance. Cancer 2015;121:3435–43. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Use of BRAF v600e immunocytochemistry on FNA direct smears of papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Wobker Sara E. , Kim Lawrence T. , Hackman Trevor G. , Dodd Leslie G. 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUNDMutations of v‐Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF) are identified in almost half of all papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs). These mutations are specific for PTC and may confer a worse prognosis. An immunohistochemical (IHC) stain for BRAF is commercially available and has been validated in surgical specimens. Fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is frequently used as a diagnostic tool for risk stratification of thyroid nodules. Therefore, the authors evaluated the performance of immunostaining with the anti‐BRAF antibody VE1 on FNA direct smears.METHODSThe authors identified 51 FNA specimens that had subsequent surgical resection specimens with a diagnosis of PTC. BRAF VE1 IHC was performed on the surgical specimens to determine their mutation status. The corresponding direct smears were then stained using the same VE1 stain to assess correlation.RESULTSTwenty‐two of the 46 included surgical specimens were positive for BRAF mutations (47.8%) by IHC, consistent with the published rates. The paired cytologic smears from these cases revealed 65.3% concordance. The overall sensitivity of BRAF staining on cytologic smears was 63.6%, and the specificity was 58.3%. Concordance rates were highest in specimens that were diagnosed as malignant or suspicious for malignancy (75% and 85.7%, respectively). The negative predictive value increased to 77.8% when suspicious for follicular neoplasm/suspicious cases were combined.CONCLUSIONSSpecimens that were malignant or suspicious on FNA were most likely to be BRAF concordant. Limitations to the interpretation of smears included low cellularity and obscuring blood, macrophages, or colloid. With further refinement, it is possible that BRAF immunocytochemistry can be applied prospectively to thyroid FNAs for risk stratification and to reduce false‐negative rates. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:531–539. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Improvement in Hydrogen Desorption from β‐ and γ‐MgH2 upon Transition‐Metal Doping
Authors: Hussain Tanveer , Maark Tuhina Adit , Chakraborty Sudip , Ahuja Rajeev 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA thorough study of the structural, electronic, and hydrogen‐desorption properties of β‐ and γ‐MgH2 phases substituted by selected transition metals (TMs) is performed through first‐principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The TMs considered herein include Sc, V, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Y, Zr, and Nb, which substitute for Mg at a doping concentration of 3.125 % in both the hydrides. This insertion of TMs causes a variation in the cell volumes of β‐ and γ‐MgH2. The majority of the TM dopants decrease the lattice constants, with Ni resulting in the largest reduction. From the formation‐energy calculations, it is predicted that except for Cu and Ni, the mixing of all the selected TM dopants with the MgH2 phases is exothermic. The selected TMs also influence the stability of both β‐ and γ‐MgH2 and cause destabilization by weakening the MgH bonds. Our results show that doping with certain TMs can facilitate desorption of hydrogen from β‐ and γ‐MgH2 at much lower temperatures than from their pure forms. The hydrogen adsorption strengths are also studied by density‐of‐states analysis.
Electron Transfer across Helical Peptides
Authors: Amdursky Nadav 
Published: June 2015

AbstractElectron transfer (ET) across proteins is one of the fundamental processes in nature. While trying to decipher and understand natural ET, much scientific effort has been employed in scaling down the process to the role of the elementary secondary‐structure units of proteins, that is, β sheets and α helices. Among these two motifs, the vast majority of studies have focused on α‐helical peptides because they require fewer amino acids for formation, they can be easily assembled on surfaces, and they can be easily functionalized. Herein, the focus is only on ET across α‐helical peptides, not only because of the reasons discussed, but also because they are one of the most promising biological molecules for integration into ET‐based bioelectronic devices. The different methodologies used to follow ET across the peptides, namely, photoinduced ET, electrochemistry, and solid‐state conductivity measurements (referred to as electron transport, ETp), are reviewed and discussed. In this context, the fundamental differences between the different methodologies, the appropriate interpretation of the results, and possible mechanisms to describe the ET(p) process in each methodology are discussed. Furthermore, possible functionalization of the helical peptides to modify and control their (opto‐)electronic properties is reviewed.
Towards Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with a Low Self‐Discharge Rate: Ion Diffusion Modulation and Anode Protection
Authors: Xu Wen‐Tao , Peng Hong‐Jie , Huang Jia‐Qi , Zhao Chen‐Zi , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Zhang Qiang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe self‐discharge of a lithium–sulfur cell decreases the shelf‐life of the battery and is one of the bottlenecks that hinders its practical applications. New insights into both the internal chemical reactions in a lithium–sulfur system and effective routes to retard self‐discharge for highly stable batteries are crucial for the design of lithium–sulfur cells. Herein, a lithium–sulfur cell with a carbon nanotube/sulfur cathode and lithium‐metal anode in lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide/1,3‐dioxolane/dimethyl ether electrolyte was selected as the model system to investigate the self‐discharge behavior. Both lithium anode passivation and polysulfide anion diffusion suppression strategies are applied to reduce self‐discharge of the lithium–sulfur cell. When the lithium‐metal anode is protected by a high density passivation layer induced by LiNO3, a very low shuttle constant of 0.017 h−1 is achieved. The diffusion of the polysulfides is retarded by an ion‐selective separator, and the shuttle constants decreased. The cell with LiNO3 additive maintained a discharge capacity of 97 % (961 mAh g−1) of the initial capacity after 120 days at open circuit, which was around three times higher than the routine cell (32 % of initial capacity, corresponding to 320 mAh g−1). It is expected that lithium–sulfur batteries with ultralow self‐discharge rates may be fabricated through a combination of anode passivation and polysulfide shuttle control, as well as optimization of the lithium–sulfur cell configuration.
Classification of blood cells and tumor cells using label‐free ultrasound and photoacoustics
Authors: Strohm Eric M. , Kolios Michael C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA label‐free method that can identify cells in a blood sample using high frequency photoacoustic and ultrasound signals is demonstrated. When the wavelength of the ultrasound or photoacoustic wave is similar to the size of a single cell (frequencies of 100–500 MHz), unique periodic features occur within the ultrasound and photoacoustic power spectrum that depend on the cell size, structure, and morphology. These spectral features can be used to identify different cell types present in blood, such as red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and circulating tumor cells. Circulating melanoma cells are ideal for photoacoustic detection due to their endogenous optical absorption properties. Using a 532 nm pulsed laser and a 375 MHz transducer, the ultrasound and photoacoustic signals from RBCs, WBCs, and melanoma cells were individually measured in an acoustic microscope to examine how the signals change between cell types. A photoacoustic and ultrasound signal was detected from RBCs and melanoma cells; only an ultrasound signal was detected from WBCs. The different cell types were distinctly separated using the ultrasound and photoacoustic signal amplitude and power spectral periodicity. The size of each cell was also estimated from the spectral periodicity. For the first time, sound waves generated using pulse‐echo ultrasound and photoacoustics have been used to identify and size single cells, with applications toward counting and identifying cells, including circulating melanoma cells. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Marginal quality‐based long‐term incentive mechanisms for crowd sensing
Authors: Sun Jiajun 
Published: June 2015

SummaryCrowd sensing is a new paradigm that leverages pervasive sensor‐equipped mobile devices to provide sensing services like forensic analysis, documenting public spaces, and collaboratively constructing statistical models. Extensive user participation is indispensable for achieving good service quality. Nowadays, most of existing mechanisms focus on guaranteeing good service quality based on instantaneous extensive user participation for crowd sensing applications. Little attention has been dedicated to maximizing long‐term service quality for crowd sensing applications due to their heterogeneous interests, preferences, selfish behaviors, and so on. To fill these gaps, a closed‐form expression of the marginal sensing data quality based on the monopoly aggregation in economics is derived in this paper. Furthermore, we design marginal quality‐based incentive mechanisms for long‐term crowd sensing applications not only to enhance extensive user participation by maximizing the expected total profits of mobile users but also to stimulate mobile users to produce high‐quality contents by applying the marginal quality. Finally, simulation results show that our mechanisms outperform the existing solutions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On energy‐efficient performance‐guaranteed channel assignment in cognitive radio‐based wireless mesh networks
Authors: ul Hasan Najam , Tu Wanqing 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIn recent years, in order to make efficient use of spectrum resources, much attention has been given to solving the problem of channel assignment in cognitive radio‐based wireless mesh networks (CR‐WMNs). Current approaches focus mainly on avoiding interference in order to enhance performance in terms of throughput. WMNs are intended to provide low‐cost multimedia communication. Therefore, in order to provide low‐cost real‐time communication, channel assignment in CR‐WMNs should take into consideration not only the issue of throughput, but also energy consumption and delays. In this paper, we first define an optimization problem to maximize the end‐to‐end throughput per unit of energy consumption while minimizing, as well as guaranteeing, the delay constraint specified for a data stream. Based on this, we then propose a novel distributive heuristic channel assignment approach to solve the optimization problem in a self‐organized manner. Finally, we present the simulation results to evaluate the performance of the proposed solution in terms of end‐to‐end throughput per unit of energy consumption and delays. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Acute and Sustained Pain Manipulations on Performance in a Visual‐Signal Detection Task of Attention in Rats
Authors: Freitas Kelen C. , Hillhouse Todd M. , Leitl Michael D. , Negus Steve S. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

Patients with pain often display cognitive impairment including deficits in attention. The visual‐signal detection task (VSDT) is a behavioral procedure for assessment of attention in rodents. Male Sprague Dawley rats were trained in a VSDT and tested with three different noxious stimuli: (i) intraperitoneal injection of lactic acid; (ii) intraplantar injection of formalin; and (iii) intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist, scopolamine was also tested as a positive control. Scopolamine (0.01–1.0 mg/kg) dose dependently reduced accuracy and increased response latencies during completed trials with higher scopolamine doses increasing omissions. Lactic acid (0.56–5.6% ip) also increased response latencies and omissions, although it failed to alter measures of response accuracy. Formalin produced a transient decrease in accuracy while also increasing both response latency and omissions. CFA failed to alter VSDT performance. Although VSDT effects were transient for formalin and absent for CFA, both treatments produced mechanical allodynia and paw edema for up to 7 days. These results support the potential for noxious stimuli to produce a pain‐related disruption of attention in rats. However, relatively strong noxious stimulation appears necessary to disrupt performance in this version of the VSDT. Drug Dev Res 76 : 194–203, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: uncertainties and dilemmas
Authors: Ferrari Roberto , Böhm Michael , Cleland John G.F. , Paulus Walter J.S. , Pieske Burkert , Rapezzi Claudio , Tavazzi Luigi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMany uncertainties surround the syndrome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), which was the topic reviewed in an Expert Meeting at the University of Ferrara. This concluded that the absence of clear diagnostic clinical criteria was the major barrier to progress. There was general agreement that symptoms or signs of heart failure, normal LVEF despite an elevated plasma concentration of natriuretic peptides, and signs of abnormal LV relaxation, LV filling, LV hypertrophy, or left atrial enlargement, or diastolic dysfunction supported the diagnosis. However, HFpEF, like all heart failure syndromes, is heterogeneous in aetiology and pathophysiology, rather than being a single disease. HFpEF may account for about half of all patients with heart failure. The classical risk factors for developing HFpEF include age and co‐morbidities, notably hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and the metabolic syndrome. When complicated by increasing congestion requiring hospital admission, the prognosis is poor; 30% or more of patients will die within 1 year (nearly two‐thirds die from cardiovascular causes). Patients with chronic stable symptoms have a much better prognosis. Despite many clinical trials, there is no solid evidence that any treatment alters the natural history of HFpEF. Several treatments have shown promising early results and are now being tested in substantial randomized clinical trials. Further basic research is required to better characterize the disease and accelerate progress. Our review highlights the many difficulties encountered in performing randomized clinical trials in HFpEF, often due to difficulties in characterizing HFpEF itself.
Synthesis of an Iridium Peroxido Complex and Its Reactivity Towards Brønsted Acids
Authors: Baumgarth Hanna , Braun Thomas , Braun Beatrice , Laubenstein Reik , Herrmann Roy 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTreatment of the iridium(I) complex trans‐[Ir(4‐C5F4N)(CNtBu)(PiPr3)2] (2) with O2 or H2O2 gave the iridium(III) peroxido complex trans‐[Ir(4‐C5F4N)(O2)(CNtBu)(PiPr3)2] (3a). The peroxido complex 3a reacts with Brønsted acids to give the iridium(III) complexes cis‐[Ir(4‐C5F4N)(X)2(CNtBu)(L)(PiPr3)] (4: X = Cl, L = PiPr3, 5: X = CF3COO, L = H2O) and hydrogen peroxide. In the presence of formic acid, 3a yields the carbonato complex trans‐[Ir{κ2‐OC(O)O}(4‐C5F4N)(CNtBu)(PiPr3)2] (6) as the main product. Reactions between formic acid or dihydrogen and the iridium(I) complex 2 give the isomeric dihydrido complexes trans,trans‐[Ir(4‐C5F4N)(H)2(CNtBu)(PiPr3)2] (7a) and cis,trans‐[Ir(4‐C5F4N)(H)2(CNtBu)(PiPr3)2] (9a), respectively.
Chemoselective Pd‐Catalyzed Isocyanide Insertion Reaction of Enaminones by C–H Functionalization: Hydrolysis or Cyclization through 1,3‐Palladium Migration
Authors: Gu Zheng‐Yang , Wang Xiang , Cao Jia‐Jia , Wang Shun‐Yi , Ji Shun‐Jun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA chemoselective palladium‐catalyzed isocyanide insertion reaction of enaminones was developed. Amide derivatives were synthesized by this C–H functionalization and subsequent hydrolysis reactions. 4‐Aminoquinoline derivatives were prepared by this C–H functionalization, which includes a 1,3‐palladium migration in the process.
Silver‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidative Decarboxylative Coupling of Arylpropiolic Acids with H‐Phosphine Oxides: Mild and Facile Synthesis of β‐Oxophosphine Oxides
Authors: Zeng Yao‐Fu , Tan Dong‐Hang , Lv Wen‐Xin , Li Qingjiang , Wang Honggen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA silver‐catalyzed oxidative decarboxylative coupling reaction of arylpropiolic acids with H‐phosphine oxides by using air as the terminal oxidant was developed. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions to give β‐oxophosphine oxides in moderate to good yields. Preliminary mechanistic studies were conducted.
Assessment of the Antioxidant Capacity of Standard Compounds and Fruit Juices by a Newly Developed Electrochemical Method: Comparative Study with Results from Other Analytical Methods
Authors: Gualandi Isacco , Ferraro Luca , Matteucci Pietro , Tonelli Domenica 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe antioxidant capacity (AOC) of some standard compounds and commercial beverages was determined using an electroanalytical method which measures the OH radical scavenging ability (OH‐RSC). It is based on the degradation of a thin polyphenol film electrodeposited on glassy carbon following the attack by OH radicals produced by hydrogen peroxide photolysis. The degradation is prevented in presence of increasing concentrations of antioxidants. The same samples were also analyzed by DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC assays. The OH‐RSC method provided AOC values highly correlated with those resulting from the application of ORAC assay for both juices (R=0.90) and standard antioxidants (R=0.96).
Challenges in Lithium‐Ion‐Battery Slurry Preparation and Potential of Modifying Electrode Structures by Different Mixing Processes
Authors: Wenzel Valentin , Nirschl Hermann , Nötzel Dorit 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe importance and possibilities to modify the morphology by mixing and dispersing is often neglected or underestimated. This Review works out the different opportunities in slurry preparation, using the example of lithium‐ion battery (LiB) manufacturing. In this case, also reference is made to possible interactions that are partly described in literature. This contribution outlines three different particle structures and the corresponding process‐control variations. Based on SEM pictures, the variation in morphology is shown and the effects of resulting network structures, percolation, electric contacting, and ionic exchange is discussed.
Achieving High‐Performance Supercapacitors by Constructing Porous Zinc–Manganese Oxide Microstructures
Authors: Gao Yanping , Zheng Mingbo , Pang Huan 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPorous zinc–manganese oxide (ZnMn2O4) microstructures are prepared by calcination using a precursor method, and the material is successfully applied as the supercapacitor electroactive materials in a three‐electrode cell. Due to the unique micro/nanostructure, the as‐prepared sample obtained under the calcination condition of 450 °C for 6 h achieved a high specific capacitance of 1093 F g−1. The electrode also exhibited high cycle stability for 5000 cycles.
Synthesis of Substituted N‐Formylaminomethylenediphosphonates and Their Derivatives
Authors: Prishchenko Andrey A. , Livantsov Mikhail V. , Novikova Olga P. , Livantsova Ludmila I. , Averochkin Gleb M. , Petrosyan Valery S. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThe convenient methods for the synthesis of new trimethylsilyl esters of aminomethylenediphosphonic acids are elaborated. The new substituted N‐formylaminomethylenediphosphonates are obtained via the interaction of trimethylsilyl esters of methylenediphosphonic acids with a mixture of triethyl orthoformate and ethanol. Also boron trifluoride–diethyl etherate as an effective catalyst is used for the interaction of hydrochlorides of ethoxymethylene imines with diethyl trimethylsilyl phosphite. The corresponding aminomethylenediphosphonic acids are presented.
Free Medicines Thanks to Retirement: Impact of Coinsurance Exemption on Pharmaceutical Expenditures and Hospitalization Offsets in a national health service
Authors: Puig‐Junoy Jaume , García‐Gómez Pilar , Casado‐Marín David 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of coinsurance exemption for prescription medicines applied to elderly individuals in Spain after retirement. We use a rich administrative dataset that links pharmaceutical consumption and hospital discharge records for the full population aged 58 to 65 years in January 2004 covered by the public insurer in a Spanish region, and we follow them until December 2006. We use a difference‐in‐differences strategy and exploit the eligibility age for Social Security to control for the endogeneity of the retirement decision. Our results show that this uniform exemption increases the consumption of prescription medicines on average by 17.5%, total pharmaceutical expenditure by 25% and the costs borne by the insurer by 60.4%, without evidence of any offset effect in the form of lower short term probability of hospitalization. The impact is concentrated among consumers of medicines for acute and other non‐chronic diseases whose previous coinsurance rate was 30% to 40%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.