bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionic interaction of positive amino acid residues of fungal hydrophobin RolA with acidic amino acid residues of cutinase CutL1
Authors: Takahashi Toru , Tanaka Takumi , Tsushima Yusei , Muragaki Kimihide , Uehara Kenji , Takeuchi Shunsuke , Maeda Hiroshi , Yamagata Youhei , Nakayama Mayumi , Yoshimi Akira , Abe Keietsu 
Published: January 2015

SummaryHydrophobins are amphipathic proteins secreted by filamentous fungi. When the industrial fungus Aspergillus oryzae is grown in a liquid medium containing the polyester polybutylene succinate co‐adipate (PBSA), it produces RolA, a hydrophobin, and CutL1, a PBSA‐degrading cutinase. Secreted RolA attaches to the surface of the PBSA particles and recruits CutL1, which then condenses on the particles and stimulates the hydrolysis of PBSA. Here, we identified amino acid residues that are required for the RolA–CutL1 interaction by using site‐directed mutagenesis. We quantitatively analyzed kinetic profiles of the interactions between RolA variants and CutL1 variants by using a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The QCM analyses revealed that Asp142, Asp171 and Glu31, located on the hydrophilic molecular surface of CutL1, and His32 and Lys34, located in the N‐terminus of RolA, play crucial roles in the RolA–CutL1 interaction via ionic interactions. RolA immobilized on a QCM electrode strongly interacted with CutL1 (KD = 6.5 nM); however, RolA with CutL1 variants, or RolA variants with CutL1, showed markedly larger KD values, particularly in the interaction between the double variant RolA‐H32S/K34S and the triple variant CutL1‐E31S/D142S/D171S (KD = 78.0 nM). We discuss a molecular prototype model of hydrophobin‐based enzyme recruitment at the solid–water interface.
Presence, species distribution, and density of Malassezia yeast in patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis – a community‐based case–control study and review of literature
Authors: Barac Aleksandra , Pekmezovic Marina , Milobratovic Danica , Otasevic‐Tasic Suzana , Radunovic Milena , Arsic Arsenijevic Valentina 
Published: January 2015

SummaryMalassezia yeast belongs to the normal cutaneous flora and under certain conditions it causes seborrhoeic dermatitis (SD). There is no culture‐based study about the presence and density of the Malassezia in SD patients in Serbia. Aim was to show the presence, species distribution and density of Malassezia in patients with SD on lesional skin (LS) and non‐lesional skin (NLS) and healthy controls (HC) and to compare data between Serbia and other countries. The study included 70 HC and 60 patients with SD in the study group (SG). Isolation, identification and examination of density of Malassezia colony‐forming units from LS and NLS were performed. Malassezia was found more frequently in the SG than in HC, 90% and 60%, respectively (P < 0.01). The most frequent isolates in SG on LS were M. slooffiae (26%), followed by M. globosa (17%) and M. sympodialis (17%). The yeast density was much higher on LS of SG than on NLS of SG or in the HC group (P < 0.05). Higher density of Malassezia was shown on LS of SG than on NLS of SG and HC. M. slooffiae is the most prevalent species in SD patients in Serbia. This study demonstrated a positive relationship between severity of SD and presence of Malassezia spp.
Trichosporon asahii infection presenting as chronic meningo‐ventriculitis and intra ventricular fungal ball: a case report and literature review
Authors: Kumar Anil , Udayakumaran Suhas , Babu Rachana , Rajamma Bindhu M. , Prakash Anupam , Panikar Dilip , Karim Shamsul , Chowdhary Anuradha 
Published: January 2015

SummaryCentral nervous system trichosporonosis is a rare clinical entity and so far only six cases including three each of brain abscess and meningitis has been on record. We report a rare case of chronic meningo‐ventriculitis and intraventricular fungal ball due to Trichosporon asahii in an 18‐year‐old immunocompetent male from Burundi, east Africa. Neuroendoscopy showed multiple nodules and a fungal ball within the ventricle, which on culture grew T. asahii. He was initially empirically treated with liposomal amphotericin B. However, the antifungal susceptibility testing of T. asahii isolate revealed high minimum inhibitory concentration for amphotericin B (2 μg ml−1), flucytosine (16 μg ml−1) and caspofungin (2 μg ml−1) but exhibited potent activity for voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole and fluconazole. The patient rapidly succumbed to cardiac arrest before antifungal therapy could be changed. Although disseminated trichosporonosis has been increasingly reported the diagnosis represents a challenge especially in rare clinical settings such as intraventricular fungal ball in the present case, which has not been described previously.
Efficacy of oleylphosphocholine (OlPC) in vitro and in a mouse model of invasive aspergillosis
Authors: Paulussen Caroline , Boulet Gaëlle , Bosschaerts Tom , Cos Paul , Fortin Anny , Maes Louis 
Published: January 2015

SummaryInvasive aspergillosis (IA) has become increasingly common and is characterised by high morbidity and mortality. Upcoming resistance threatens treatment with azoles and highlights the continuous need for novel therapeutics. This laboratory study investigated the in vitro and in vivo potential of the alkylphospholipid oleylphosphocholine (OlPC) against Aspergillus. In vitro activities of OlPC, miltefosine, posaconazole and voriconazole were determined for Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus and A. flavus. In vivo efficacy of OlPC was evaluated in a systemic A. fumigatus mouse model, adopting a short‐term and long‐term oral or intraperitoneal dosing regimen. OlPC showed good in vitro activity against A. fumigatus (IC50 = 1.04 μmol l−1). Intraperitoneal administration of 50 mg kg−1 day−1 OlPC significantly reduced the fungal organ burdens at 4 days post‐infection (dpi). Although 5‐ and 10‐day OlPC treatment improved survival, organ burdens were not affected at 10 and 15 dpi. While this study showed excellent in vitro activity of OlPC against Aspergillus spp., its therapeutic efficacy in an acute mouse model for IA was less convincing. Given the limited therapeutic options in the current antifungal market for invasive infections, OlPC activity should be assessed in a less stringent in vivo model, potentially in combination treatment with other already marketed antifungal drugs.
Onychomycosis in Israel: epidemiological aspects
Authors: Segal Rina , Shemer Avner , Hochberg Malca , Keness Yoram , Shvarzman Rima , Mandelblat Marina , Frenkel Michael , Segal Esther 
Published: January 2015

SummaryOnychomycosis is a fungal infection treated orally for prolonged periods of treatment, caused primarily by Dermatophytes, Candida species and non‐dermatophyte moulds (NDMs). The prevalence of specific aetiology may differ in dependence of environmental, geographic and demographic factors, and may affect management of the infection. The objective of this survey was to analyse epidemiologic parameters of onychomycosis in Israel. Data of a cohort of 27 093 patients were collected from six centres during a 2‐ and 10‐year period. The diagnosis was based on microscopy of KOH/calcofluor mounts of nail scrapings and culture isolation. A positive result indicates isolation of a fungus in culture. Data were analysed for each centre and expressed as range for the whole cohort, using the spss v18 software. Analysis included three epidemiologic parameters: fungal aetiology in toe‐ and fingernails; association with gender; association with age group. Dermatophytes were the major causative agents and Trichophyton rubrum the most frequent isolate. Candida species were more frequent in women fingernails; frequency increased with age and C. parapsilosis the most frequent species. NDMs were isolated at low rate and Aspergillus terreus was the most frequent isolate. This is a first large cohort of onychomycosis patients from Israel analysed by defined epidemiological parameters.
Leptin resistance in diet‐induced obesity: the role of hypothalamic inflammation
Authors: de Git K. C. G. , Adan R. A. H. 
Published: January 2015

SummaryThe consumption of Western diets, high in sugar and saturated fat, is a crucial contributor to the alarming incidence of obesity and its associated morbidities. These diets have been reported to induce an inflammatory response in the hypothalamus, which promotes the development of central leptin resistance and obesity. This inflammatory signalling involves dynamic changes in the expression and activity of several mediators of the innate immune system, including toll‐like receptor 4, IκB kinase‐β/nuclear factor‐κB, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase, suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, as well as the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy defect. Although the exact cellular mechanisms remain incompletely understood, recent evidence suggests that the inflammatory response is at least mediated by interactions between neurons and non‐neuronal cells such as microglia and astrocytes. Current evidence of the contribution of each inflammatory mediator to leptin resistance and diet‐induced obesity (DIO), including their reciprocal interactions and cell‐type‐specific effects, is reviewed and integrated in a conceptual model. Based upon this model and pharmacological intervention studies, several inflammatory mediators are proposed to be promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of DIO.
Acute His‐Bundle Injury Current during Permanent His‐Bundle Pacing Predicts Excellent Pacing Outcomes
Authors: VIJAYARAMAN PUGAZHENDHI , DANDAMUDI GOPI , WORSNICK SARAH , ELLENBOGEN KENNETH A. 
Published: January 2015

IntroductionHis‐bundle (HB) pacing (P) is a physiological alternative to right ventricular pacing (RVP), but is technically challenging and limited by higher pacing thresholds. Myocardial injury current (IC) recorded during right ventricular lead placement implies good tissue contact and is associated with low‐pacing thresholds. IC at the HB has not been previously described. We hypothesized that HBIC during permanent HBP may be associated with lower pacing thresholds.MethodsPermanent HBP was performed using Medtronic Select Securetm (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) delivered via a fixed‐curve (C315 His) sheath. HB electrogram (EGM) was recorded in a unipolar fashion from the lead tip. Presence or absence of HBIC was documented. HBP threshold, sensing, and impedances were recorded at implant, 2 weeks, 2 months, and 1 year.ResultsSixty patients (age 72 ± 15 years; male 55%, sick sinus syndrome 40%, atrioventricular block 60%, fluoroscopy duration 9.2 ± 3.7 minutes) underwent successful permanent HBP. HBIC was recorded in 22 (37%) patients (group I). HBEGM without IC was recorded in the remaining 38 (63%) patients (group II). Pacing threshold at implant, 2 weeks, 2 months, and 1 year were significantly lower in group I (1.16 ± 0.4 V; 1.18 ± 0.5 V; 1.23 ± 0.6 V; 1.3 ± 0.6 V @ 0.5 ms) compared to group II (1.75 ± 0.7 V; 1.82 ± 0.8 V; 1.93 ± 0.8 V; 1.98 ± 0.9 V @ 0.5 ms, P < 0.05), respectively.ConclusionsIC can be recorded at the HB during permanent HBP in 37% of patients. HBIC is associated with significantly lower pacing thresholds compared to patients in whom HBIC was not recorded. HBIC may be a marker for superior short‐term HBP thresholds.
GLOBAL PUBLIC POLICY: DOES THE NEW VENUE FOR TRANSNATIONAL TOBACCO CONTROL CHALLENGE THE OLD WAY OF DOING THINGS?
Authors: MAMUDU HADII , CAIRNEY PAUL , STUDLAR DONLEY 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe World Health Organization has fostered a new global public policy – the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control (FCTC). Until the 1980s, tobacco control was the sole preserve of states. Now, most countries accept the transnational nature of policy. We explain this shift by identifying mutually reinforcing changes in key policy process elements: transnational actors became a source of policy learning; an international venue ‘institutionalized’ new policies; networks began to include tobacco control groups and exclude tobacco companies; socioeconomic shifts undermined public support, and the economic case, for tobacco; and the dissemination of scientific evidence helped actors reframe the image of tobacco, from an economic good to a health crisis. These elements combined to produce an environment conducive to ‘comprehensive’ tobacco control. Yet the implementation of theFCTChas been slow and uneven, reflecting the continued importance of domestic policy environments, most of which are not conducive to major policy change.
Mining the Brain for a New Taxonomy of the Mind
Authors: Anderson Michael L. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this paper, I summarize an emerging debate in the cognitive sciences over the right taxonomy for understanding cognition – the right theory of and vocabulary for describing the structure of the mind – and the proper role of neuroscientific evidence in specifying this taxonomy. In part because the discussion clearly entails a deep reconsideration of the supposed autonomy of psychology from neuroscience, this is a debate in which philosophers should be interested, with which they should be familiar, and to which they should contribute. Here, I outline some of the positions being advocated, and reflect on some of the possible implications of this work both for scientific and folk psychology.
Moore's Paradox in Speech: A Critical Survey
Authors: Williams John N. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIt is raining but you don't believe that it is raining. Imagine accepting this claim. Then you are committed to saying ‘It is raining but I don't believe that it is raining’. This would be an ‘absurd’ thing to claim or assert, yet what you say might be true. It might be raining, while at the same time, you are completely ignorant of the state of the weather. But how can it be absurd of you to assert something about yourself that might be true of you? This is Moore's paradox as it occurs in speech. What is the source of the absurdity? And why does it strike us that a contradiction is somehow at work when there is no contradiction in the content of what is asserted? In Section2, I describe Moore's formulation of the paradox and evaluate his own solutions. In Section3, I discuss Wittgenstein's influence in solving the paradox. In Section4, I discuss Shoemaker's priority thesis that once the absurdity in belief has been explained, then this will translate into an explanation of the absurdity in assertion. In Section5, I discuss work on omissive and commissive Moore‐paradoxical assertions, i.e. those of the formsp & I don't believe that pandp & I believe that not‐p. In Section6, I discuss work on assertions of the formp & I don't know that p.
Relativism 1: Representational Content
Authors: Kölbel Max 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn the pair of articles of which this is the first, I shall present a set of problems and philosophical proposals that have in recent years been associated with the term ‘relativism’. All these problems and proposals concern the question of how we should represent thought and speech about certain topics. The main issue here is whether we should model such mental states or linguistic acts as involving representational contents that are absolutely correct or incorrect, or whether, alternatively, their correctness should be thought of as varying with some (more or less surprising) factor.In this, first, article, I shall discuss the general issue of relativism about representational content. I shall claim that there are legitimate ways of attributing contents that are absolute truth‐bearers, and there are also equally legitimate ways of attributing relativistic representational contents.In the companion piece ‘Relativism 2: Semantic Content’, I look in more detail at the more specific question whether semantic contents (i.e. the contents assigned to linguistic utterances in the semantics of natural language) should be construed in an absolutist or a relativist way.
Whither Power in Public Administration? Attainment, Dissipation, and Loss
Authors: Durant Robert F. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNorton Long's 1949 essay, “Power and Administration,” has a complicated legacy. First, analysis reveals both support for and important refinements of Long's arguments since the article's publication. Second, Long's claim has proven problematic that competition among agencies for power would bring more coordination and a cross‐agency sense of purpose to the federal government. Third, the bureaucratic pluralism that he explained and defended produced special interest biases that were off‐putting to large segments of citizens and thus helped create an unsupportive political environment for needed capacity building in the federal government. Fourth, by not considering how institutions “coevolve,” Long failed to warn that “horizontal power” building by individual agencies would provoke efforts by elected officials to enhance their control over bureaucracy in ways that, over time, diminished their collective sources of power. Finally, much remains to be done before what Long called a “realistic science of administration” incorporating the “budgeting of power” exists in public administration.
Competing Claims and Nationalist Narratives: A City/State Debate in a Globalising World
Authors: Dempsey Kara E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper contributes to ongoing discussions about international urban entrepreneurialism, place marketing efforts, and city/state relations through an empirical analysis of a controversial state‐sponsored prestige project, Galicia's ‘City of Culture’ museum. The protracted intra‐regional debate surrounding the construction of the museum is informative in that it offers a scenario in which two rival cities are competing with each other within the same state. The story of their conflict adds a new and complicating dimension to the discussion by highlighting how city identity may intersect with national identity in relation to the politics of the state. The results show how the actual politics of city/state relations can be one of contestation between a range of political interests that extend beyond a simple, bipolar city/state relationship.
Online Fashion Retailing and Retail Geography: The Blogshop Phenomenon inSingapore
Authors: Yeung Godfrey , Ang Kim Leng 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis paper examines why blogshops exist inSingapore and how these unconventional online retailing channels can be extended to bricks and mortar shops. The rise of blogshops is due to a combination of low barriers to entry and the informal institutions that bind the blogshop community for mutual support, and the development of a self‐regulatory regime. Blogshops are spatially embedded and supported by the contextualised network of economic actors which facilitate the open exchange of practices and ideas through information diffusion across both virtual and physical space. The overlap between virtual and physical space is further illustrated by businesses extending their virtual space to bricks and mortar shops, which in turn supports their sustainability by widening their market penetration. Therefore, blogshops not only reverse the development path from conventional to online retailer, but also illustrate the importance of physical space for the accumulation and transfer of tacit knowledge.
Globalisation, Sustainability and the Role of Institutions: The Case of the Chilean Salmon Industry
Authors: Iizuka Michiko , Katz Jorge 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe importance of aquaculture in the fishery sector is increasing. The growth of aquaculture complements the stagnant growth of extractive fisheries. Many countries are now entering this emerging economic activity. This positive feature has some serious drawbacks when the country has no local institutions to ensure the environmental sustainability of aquaculture. The Chilean salmon farming industry has grown dramatically since the mid‐1980s to become the leading exporter of farmed salmon after Norway. The sector, however, suffered decline due to the sanitary crisis in 2007. It is said that this crisis was caused by overexploitation and overconcentration of fish farms. This paper tries to explain the mechanisms of the sanitary crisis – a ‘tragedy of the commons’ – by paying attention to the role of endogenous factors such as local knowledge, capacity building, local ecological conditions and the emergence of local institutions, focusing on the case of salmon farming in Chile.
Internationalisation Efforts of Chinese and Indian Companies: An Empirical Perspective
Authors: Duysters Geert , Cloodt Myriam , Schoenmakers Wilfred , Jacob Jojo 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIn this paper we aim to understand the internationalisation strategies of companies from India and China. In particular we focus on two external organisational modes: mergers and acquisitions (M&As) and strategic technology alliances. Using a large longitudinal data set we show that Greater China and India are emerging as important players in worldwide M&As and alliances whereas the traditional dominance of the US in both these activities is on the decline. Our analysis of the patterns of M&As and alliances revealed important similarities and differences between the two countries.
Neighbour Relations in the Netherlands: New Developments
Authors: Mollenhorst Gerald 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBecause people can cover long distances either online or by travelling to keep in touch with associates relatively easily, some believe that the local has lost its significance. Others argue that community and neighbourhood contacts are still important, for example, as a source of social support. According to Mollenhorst and colleagues, neighbours became more important in Dutch personal networks between 2000 and 2007. I assess how this developed between 2007–2008 and 2013. Next‐door neighbours have (again) become more important. Neighbours are predominantly mentioned as associates who are visited and, increasingly, as associates who are asked for practical help. In contrast to Mollenhorst and colleagues, I find that the extent to which the Dutch like and trust neighbours in their network increased while contact frequency (further) declined. For highly educated residents, people without paid work, homeowners, and people with initially small local networks, the size of neighbour networks increased.
The clinical value of whole blood point‐of‐care biomarkers in large animal emergency and critical care medicine
Authors: Radcliffe Rolfe M. , Buchanan Ben R. , Cook Vanessa L. , Divers Thomas J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo summarize the current medical literature and provide a clinical perspective of whole blood point‐of‐care (POC) biomarkers in large animal emergency and critical care practice.Data SourcesOriginal studies, reviews, and textbook chapters in the human and veterinary medical fields.SummaryPOC biomarkers are tests used to monitor normal or disease processes at or near the patient. In both human and veterinary medicine these tools are playing an increasingly important role in the management of critical diseases. The most important whole blood POC biomarkers available for veterinary practitioners includel‐lactate, cardiac troponin I, serum amyloid A, triglyceride, creatinine, and glucose, although many other tests are available or on the horizon.ConclusionWhole blood POC biomarkers enable clinicians to provide improved management of critical diseases in large animals. These tools are especially useful for establishing a diagnosis, guiding therapy, and estimating disease risk and prognosis.