bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uptake and impact of a clinical diagnostic decision support tool at an academic medical center
Authors: Barbieri John S. , French Benjamin , Umscheid Craig A. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background: Use of differential diagnosis (DDX) generators may reduce the incidence of misdiagnosis-related harm, but there is a paucity of research examining the use and impact of such systems in real-world settings.

Methods: In September 2012, the DDX generator VisualDx was made available across our entire academic healthcare system. We examined the use of VisualDx by month for the 18 months following its introduction. In addition, we compared the number of inpatient dermatology consults requested per month at the flagship hospital of our healthcare system for the 12 months before versus 18 months after VisualDx introduction.

Results: Across our entire academic healthcare system, there were a median of 474 (interquartile range 390–544) unique VisualDx sessions per month. VisualDx was accessed most frequently through mobile devices (35%) and the inpatient electronic health record (34%). Prior to VisualDx introduction, there was a non-significant increase in the number of inpatient dermatology consultations requested per month at the flagship hospital of our healthcare system (1.0 per month, 95% CI –2.5–4.6, p=0.54), which remained 1.0 consults per month (95% CI –0.9–2.9, p=0.27) following its introduction (p=0.99 comparing post- versus pre-introduction rates).

Conclusions: The DDX generator VisualDx was regularly used, primarily on mobile devices and inpatient workstations, and was not associated with a change in inpatient dermatology consultation requests. Given the interest in DDX generators, it will be important to evaluate further the impact of such tools on the quality and value of care delivered.
‘Like’-similes in a 1st-person narrative: Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go
Authors: Ikeo Reiko 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Kathy’s 1st-person narrative in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go depicts the relationships among three leading characters, Kathy, Ruth and Tommy, who live in a near-contemporary world, where (we slowly grasp) some human clones are raised to be a source of replacement organs for non-cloned humans in ill health. Kathy and her friends are three such clones. Figurative expressions in Kathy’s narrative tend to appear in the form of similes or with explicit markers of similitude such as ‘like’ and ‘the sort’, and the frequency of ‘like’ is particularly high. The primary focus of this paper is to examine the effects which are achieved by ‘like’-similes and how they contribute to constructing the fictional world of the novel. ‘Like’ is used here with syntactic flexibility and semantic versatility and these ‘like’-similes are predominantly used to describe the characters’ actions, intentions, emotions and the situations in which they act. As the three friends grow older and approach the final phase of their lives, when they will be organ donors, the characters’ viewpoints and the narrator’s presentation of them shift. Through an array of ‘like’-similes, the 1st-person narrator consistently interprets other characters’ internal states and signals the way she is making assumptions about them and the surrounding environments.
The Wnt Adaptor Protein ATP6AP2 Regulates Multiple Stages of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis
Authors: Schafer Simon T. , Han Jinju , Pena Monique , von Bohlen und Halbach Oliver , Peters Jörg , Gage Fred H. 
Published: March 2015

In the mammalian hippocampus, canonical Wnt signals provided by the microenvironment regulate the differentiation of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) toward the neuronal lineage. Wnts are part of a complex and diverse set of signaling pathways and the role of Wnt/Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling in adult neurogenesis remains unknown. Usingin vitroassays on differentiating adult NSCs, we identified a transition of Wnt signaling responsiveness from Wnt/β-catenin to Wnt/PCP signaling. In mice, retroviral knockdown strategies against ATP6AP2, a recently discovered core protein involved in both signaling pathways, revealed that its dual role is critical for granule cell fate and morphogenesis. We were able to confirm its dual role in neurogenic Wnt signalingin vitrofor both canonical Wnt signaling in proliferating adult NSCs and non-canonical Wnt signaling in differentiating neuroblasts. Although LRP6 appeared to be critical for granule cell fate determination,in vivoknockdown of PCP core proteins FZD3 and CELSR1-3 revealed severe maturational defects without changing the identity of newborn granule cells. Furthermore, we found that CELSR1-3 control distinctive aspects of PCP-mediated granule cell morphogenesis with CELSR1 regulating the direction of dendrite initiation sites and CELSR2/3 controlling radial migration and dendritic patterning.The data presented here characterize distinctive roles for Wnt/β-catenin signaling in granule cell fate determination and for Wnt/PCP signaling in controlling the morphological maturation of differentiating neuroblasts.
Thoracic periaortic adipose tissue is increased in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism
Authors: Akyürek Ömer , Efe Duran , Kaya Zeynettin 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate thoracic periaortic adipose tissue (TAT) volume in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) in comparison with controls and in relation to cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsThe study population consisted of 28 newly diagnosed SH patients (mean (s.d.) age: 37.3 (±11.4) years, 85.7% were females) and 37 healthy volunteers (mean (s.d.) age: 35.3 (±10.7) years, 81.5% were females). Comparisons between patient and control groups used demographic characteristics, anthropometrics, and laboratory findings. All participants underwent thoracic radiographic assessment in the supine position, using an eight-slice multidetector computed tomography scanner and TAT volume was measured.ResultsThe TAT volume was determined to be 27.2 (±12.7) cm3in the SH group and 16.3 (±8.1) cm3in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). In addition, TSH levels were significantly higher in the patient group compared with the control group (P<0.001). A significant correlation was also found between TSH levels and TAT volume (r=0.572;P<0.001). In SH patients, no significant difference was noted in TAT levels with respect to sex (P=0.383) or concomitant smoking status (P=0.426).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that SH patients have significantly higher TAT values than controls and that increased TAT levels correlate with increased TSH levels.
<i>Megachile</i> (<i>Megachile</i>) <i>montivaga</i> (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) nesting in live thistle (Asteraceae: Cirsium)
Authors: Orr Michael C. , Portman Zachary M. , Griswold Terry L. 
Published: March 2015

Although Megachile Latreille (leafcutter bees) are well known for their diverse nesting habits, records of the genus nesting in live plants are rare. Here, we report the widespread Megachile (Megachile) montivaga Cresson nesting in live thistle (Cirsium neomexicanum Gray), the first explicit record of this behavior in the Nearctic.
mHealth in the Wild: Using Novel Data to Examine the Reach, Use, and Impact of PTSD Coach
Authors: Owen Jason E , Jaworski Beth K , Kuhn Eric , Makin-Byrd Kerry N , Ramsey Kelly M , Hoffman Julia E 
Published: March 2015

Background
A majority of Americans (58%) now use smartphones, making it possible for mobile mental health apps to reach large numbers of those who are living with untreated, or under-treated, mental health symptoms. Although early trials suggest positive effects for mobile health (mHealth) interventions, little is known about the potential public health impact of mobile mental health apps.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to characterize reach, use, and impact of “PTSD Coach”, a free, broadly disseminated mental health app for managing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.

Methods
Using a mixed-methods approach, aggregate mobile analytics data from 153,834 downloads of PTSD Coach were analyzed in conjunction with 156 user reviews.

Results
Over 60% of users engaged with PTSD Coach on multiple occasions (mean=6.3 sessions). User reviews reflected gratitude for the availability of the app and being able to use the app specifically during moments of need. PTSD Coach users reported relatively high levels of trauma symptoms (mean PTSD Checklist Score=57.2, SD=15.7). For users who chose to use a symptom management tool, distress declined significantly for both first-time users (mean=1.6 points, SD=2.6 on the 10-point distress thermometer) and return-visit users (mean=2.0, SD=2.3). Analysis of app session data identified common points of attrition, with only 80% of first-time users reaching the app’s home screen and 37% accessing one of the app’s primary content areas.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that PTSD Coach has achieved substantial and sustained reach in the population, is being used as intended, and has been favorably received. PTSD Coach is a unique platform for the delivery of mobile mental health education and treatment, and continuing evaluation and improvement of the app could further strengthen its public health impact.
Unsteady natural convection in micropolar nanofluids
Authors: Rup Kazimierz , Nering Konrad 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the analysis of momentum, angular momentum and heat transfer during unsteady natural convection in micropolar nanofluids. Selected nanofluids treated as single phase fluids contain small particles with diameter size 10-38.4 nm. In particular three water-based nanofluids were analyzed. Volume fraction of these solutions was 6%. The first of the analyzed nanofluids contained TiO2 nanoparticles, the second one contained Al2O3 nanoparticles, and the third one the Cu nanoparticles.
Rainfall parameters affect canopy storage capacity under controlled conditions
Authors: Klamerus-Iwan Anna 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The subject of this research was the interception of precipitation, which is defined as the amount of water that can be retained by the entire surface of a tree. The aim was to measure the rate of interception under laboratory conditions in order to determine influential factors. To eliminate water absorption that would occur in living trees, we employed models of deciduous and coniferous trees enabling us to examine the effect of precipitation characteristics and the surface area individually. A sprinkler system that automatically recorded the amounts of water retained on the models was set up in the laboratory. Precipitation was simulated using 5 different intensities with 3 different raindrop sizes.
Interception rates were affected by both, the intensity of the precipitation and raindrop size. The time required to reach maximum crown filling with water was variable and depended on plant surface parameters as well as simulated precipitation. The maximum water capacity of crowns was not a constant value even within one tree model, but changed depending on precipitation characteristics
The effects of frost conditions on forest management based on the example of the July 1996 period at Hala Izerska in the Izera Mountains
Authors: Urban Grzegorz 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper presents the characteristics of a frost episode that occurred July, 20-23, 1996 in the centre of the Izera Mountains and its effects on forest management. Source data consisted of air temperature measurements originating from the author’s own and archival databases of the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW), Voivodeship Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (WIOŚ), University of Wrocław (UWr) and the Bureau of Forest Management and Geodesy in Brzeg (BULiGL). The intensity, time of occurrence and effects of this particular episode were extreme. The estimated probability of frost in the centre of the mountain dale Hala Izerska in July at a temperature of -5.5°C two meters above ground level is 2.4%. Therefore, it can be stated that such a sharp decline of Tmin in the middle of the growing season can occur in this area once every 40-50 years. Strong, nocturnal decreases of Tmin below 0°C during the growing season occur in the Izera Mountains almost every year, causing significant damage to silviculture. The interior of the Izera Mountains, represented by mountain dale Hala Izerska, is one of the coldest or even the coldest site in Poland in terms of absolute minimums of air temperature during the growing season.
In the mountain areas, knowledge of the impact of climate, such as thermal factors, on tree stands enables silviculture work to be optimised, ultimately allowing funding to be rationalised. The distinct climatic conditions of mountain basins and valleys, slopes and plateaus located at similar altitudes need to be considered.
Comparing methods of energy expenditure estimation using forestry as an example
Authors: Grzywiński Witold , Mederski Piotr S. , Bembenek Mariusz 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this paper the values of energy expenditure obtained with estimative methods (tables of energy expenditure, Lehmann’s method) were compared to the data obtained with a method based on pulmonary ventilation measurements. Thereby, the usefulness of estimative methods for determining energy expenditure on work stations in forestry was tested.
We compared energy expenditures for 30 forestry workstations within which 59 different activities were distinguished. For each activity the energy expenditure was determined utilizing the three following methods: pulmonary ventilation measurement, tables of energy expenditure and Lehmann’s method.
The percentage error in energy expenditure for particular activities determined with tables ranged from -44.47% to 42.31%. The highest representation of error value (52.8%) varied between -19.9% and 5.0%. The error in energy expenditure estimation determined with Lehmann’s method is characterised by a smaller variability ranging from -31.35% to 34.13%. The highest density of error values was found in the range from -4.9% to 10.0%, which comprises 44.1% of the results. To conclude, the use of tables resulted in an underestimation of the energy expenditure value for 64.1% of activities, whereas the use of Lehmann’s method resulted in an underestimation in 49.1% of the cases.
Vers un monde nouveau : Des vérités qui dérangent pour l’administration publique de l’anglosphère
Authors: Pollitt Christopher 
Published: March 2015

Sur la scène internationale, la gestion publique s’est développée au cours des trente dernières années comme un domaine essentiellement dominé par le monde anglo-saxon (« l’Anglosphère »). Il y a aujourd’hui des raisons de croire que cette époque touche à sa fin. Trois raisons principales expliquent cela. Premièrement, la domination des idées et des pratiques anglo-saxonnes n’a jamais été aussi totale qu’on a parfois pu le penser. Deuxièmement, l’efficacité des réformes anglo-saxonnes s’avère problématique. Des études récentes indiquent que seule une faible part de ces réformes témoignent d’un réel succès. Troisièmement, d’autres régions du monde gagnent peu à peu en influence et en assurance sur les plans économique et politique et, dans certains cas, elles ont également de longues traditions administratives propres. Loin d’être une source de consternation, cette ouverture est l’occasion de lancer des débats certes difficiles, mais potentiellement très enrichissants, qui devront s’étendre à différentes cultures et différentes traditions administratives.
Associations between Physical Activity and Metabolic Syndrome: Comparison between Self-Report and Accelerometry
Authors: Tucker Jared M. , Welk Gregory J. , Beyler Nicholas K. , Kim Youngwon 
Published: March 2015

Purpose. To assess the relationship between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity (PA) and metabolic syndrome and its risk factors in U.S. adults. Design. A cross-sectional design was used for this study. Setting. The study was set among a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. Subjects. Adults, ages 20 years and older, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003–2006 (n = 5580) participated in the study. Measures. PA measures included minutes per week of moderate plus vigorous PA estimated by self-report (MVPAsr), total 7-day accelerometry (MVPAa), and accelerometer-based MVPA performed in 10-minute bouts (MVPAb). Risk factors for metabolic syndrome included blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and waist circumference. Analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) for having metabolic syndrome were calculated for men and women who met the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans compared to those who did not. Results. Women who did not meet the PA guidelines had significantly greater odds of having metabolic syndrome according to MVPAsr (OR = 2.20; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.65–2.94), MVPAa (OR = 4.40; 95% CI= 2.65–7.31), and MVPAb (OR= 2.91; 95% CI= 1.42–5.96). Men had significantly higher odds of having metabolic syndrome according to MVPAa (OR = 2.57; 95% CI= 1.91–3.45) and MVPAb (OR = 2.83; 95% CI = 1.55–5.17), but not MVPAsr. These ORs remained significant after adjusting for all potential confounders except body mass index, after which only MVPAsr in women and MVPAb in men remained significant. Conclusion. Individuals who do not meet the PA guidelines exhibited greater odds of having metabolic syndrome. This relationship tended to be stronger for objective PA measures than for self-report.
Usage and Understanding of Serving Size Information on Food Labels in the United States
Authors: Zhang Yuanting , Kantor Mark A. , Juan WenYen 
Published: March 2015

Purpose. To investigate consumer understanding and usage of serving size (SS) information on Nutrition Facts (NF) labels. Design. We analyzed three data sources: (1) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Health and Diet Survey (HDS) 1994 (n = 1945), 1995 (n = 1001), and 2008 (n = 2584); (2) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006 and 2007–2008 (n = 10,750); and (3) 2011 FDA Nutrition Facts Label Experimental Study (NFLES) (n = 9493). Data from FDA are cross-sectional and we focused on usage and meaning of SS. Setting. United States. Subjects. Adults (18+ years). Measures. Both HDS and NHANES addressed how often participants used SS information and HDS also asked how SS is determined. Both NHANES and NFLES contained similar questions on the meaning of SS but NFLES also included an open-ended response option. Analysis. We included both quantitative and qualitative measures. Questions were analyzed by demographic variables and body mass index with frequencies, cross-tabulations, and χ2 statistics reported. Results. HDS showed that the percentage of consumers who used SS information often or sometimes increased from 54% in 1994 to 64% in 2008. NHANES and NFLES data indicated that a majority of respondents had misinterpreted the meaning of SS. Women and obese individuals were more likely to use SS often or sometimes, but were also more likely to misinterpret the meaning of SS. A small subsample of NFLES participants expressed a distrust of the SS information. Conclusion. There is a widespread misunderstanding about SS, suggesting the need for clearer NF labels or enhanced education efforts.
Sovereign Credit Ratings and the Transnationalization of Finance – Evidence from a Gravity Model of Portfolio Investment
Authors: Körner Finn Marten , Trautwein Hans-Michael 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
It is a matter of debate in how far credit ratings contribute to allocative efficiency or to excessive volatility of asset prices and cross-border capital flows. Yet it is generally taken for granted that ratings play a significant role in the transnationalization of financial relations. This paper tests that hypothesis with data on sovereign credit ratings and foreign portfolio investment. A rating-related gravity model of finance is derived from the choicetheoretical framework of Okawa and van Wincoop (Gravity in International Finance, 2012) and estimated in three stages. At the first stage, the authors find that the introduction and evolution of sovereign ratings since the 1970s has affected inward portfolio investment in host countries. At the second stage, they examine to which extent sovereign ratings help to predict the degree of investors’ home bias, and whether they can account for the divergent dynamics before and after the global financial crisis. At the third stage, the authors look at the explanatory content of ratings for the determination of the size of bilateral portfolio investment. Evidence for a significant role of sovereign ratings is found at all three stages.
Multi‐instrument investigation of a mesospheric gravity wave event absorbed into background
Authors: Sivakandan M. , Taori A. , Sathishkumar S. , Jayaraman A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe investigate a gravity wave event exhibiting dissipation noted in the mesospheric O(1S) airglow emission image measurements, over Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.2°E), on 16 March 2012 (during 16:20–16:45 UT). These gravity waves were found to propagate from south‐west to north‐east directions at ~65° azimuth in OH as well as in O(1S) images. These waves had horizontal wavelength ~21.5 km with apparent horizontal phase speed ~49 m s−1 and period ~7.3 min. These waves were noted to fizzle out in turbulent patches within 15 min. To identify the causative mechanism of this event, we analyze the background wind and temperature data using the medium‐frequency radar wind from Tirunelveli (8.7°N, 77.8°E), ground‐based Rayleigh lidar temperature data with improved capability over Gadanki, and spaceborne Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry/Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics temperature data (20:30 UT) for a latitude‐longitude grid of 3–23°N, 60–100°E. Our analysis reveals that convective instability was responsible for the observed event.
Grain size and flow volume effects on granular flow mobility in numerical simulations: 3‐D discrete element modeling of flows of angular rock fragments
Authors: Cagnoli B. , Piersanti A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe results of three‐dimensional discrete element modeling presented in this paper confirm the grain size and flow volume effects on granular flow mobility that were observed in laboratory experiments where batches of granular material traveled down a curved chute. Our numerical simulations are able to predict the correct relative mobility of the granular flows because they take into account particle interactions and, thus, the energy dissipated by the flows. The results illustrated here are obtained without prior fine‐tuning of the parameter values to get the desired output. The grain size and flow volume effects can be expressed by a linear relationship between scaling parameters where the finer the grain size or the smaller the flow volume, the more mobile the center of mass of the granular flows. The numerical simulations reveal also the effect of the initial compaction of the granular masses before release. The larger the initial compaction, the more mobile the center of mass of the granular flows. Both grain size effect and compaction effect are explained by different particle agitations per unit of flow mass that cause different energy dissipations per unit of travel distance. The volume effect is explained by the backward accretion of the deposits that occurs wherever there is a change of slope (either gradual or abrupt). Our results are relevant for the understanding of the travel and deposition mechanisms of geophysical flows such as rock avalanches and pyroclastic flows.