bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Emerging Innovation Ecosystem for New Space—Kvarken Space Center in Finland
Authors: Punnala Mikko , Ratilainen Jari 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores the burgeoning innovation ecosystem in the New Space sector, with a specific focus on the Kvarken Space Center in Finland. It delves into the center’s role in catalyzing the regional space economy, highlighting key development opportunities and challenges identified from the industry needs. The overarching aim of these scholarly endeavors is to establish a sustainable innovation ecosystem tailored to regional New Space activities, thereby fostering long-term economic development centered on space-based business and innovation. The study employs qualitative methodologies, including interviews and data analysis, to capture the dynamic interactions within the ecosystem. The chapter also examines the unique contributions of the Kvarken Space Center and the pivotal role of academia as the key driver in fostering an innovative environment. Findings underscore the necessity of collaboration among different ecosystem players and the potential impact of such synergy on the wider New Space Economy. The chapter concludes with policy recommendations aimed at nurturing and sustaining innovation within this rapidly evolving sector. This study not only sheds light on the Kvarken Space Center's influence but also provides insights relevant to similar New Space Ecosystems globally.
On the Solution Sets of Three-Variable Word Equations
Authors: Saarela Aleksi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIt is known that the set of solutions of any constant-free three-variable word equation can be represented using parametric words, and the number of numerical parameters and the level of nesting in these parametric words is at most logarithmic with respect to the length of the equation. We show that this result can be significantly improved in the case of unbalanced equations, that is, equations where at least one variable has a different number of occurrences on the left-hand side and on the right-hand side. More specifically, it is sufficient to have two numerical parameters and one level of nesting in this case. We also discuss the possibility of proving a similar result for balanced equations in the future.
Sieving the weeds from the grains: an R based package for classifying archaeobotanical samples of cereals and pulses according to crop processing stages
Authors: Stroud Elizabeth , Jones Glynis , Charles Michael , Bogaard Amy 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe R package CropPro is an open-access resource to classify archaeobotanical samples as products and by-products of different stages of the crop processing sequence for large-seeded cereal and pulse crops in south west Asia, Europe and other Mediterranean regions. It builds on ethnographic research and analysis conducted by Jones (Plants and ancient man: studies in palaeoethnobotany. Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 43–61, 1984), (J Archaeol Sci 14:311–323, 1987), (Circaea 6:91–96, 1990) and a modified method by Charles (Environ Archaeol 1:111–122, 1998). CropPro provides functions, which allow users to construct triplots, to conduct discriminant analysis comparing archaeobotanical samples with ethnographic crop processing stages and to plot the discriminant analysis results. This paper provides two worked examples of the use of CropPro: the early medieval site of Stafford in the UK and the Bronze Age site of Tell Brak in Syria. These examples illustrate the use of the package for identifying crop-processing stages, and for assessing the relevance of taphonomic pathways other than crop processing.
Severe neurodegeneration in brains of transgenic rats producing human tau prions
Authors: Ayers Jacob , Lopez T. Peter , Steele Ian T. , Oehler Abby , Roman-Albarran Rigo , Cleveland Elisa , Chong Alex , Carlson George A. , Condello Carlo , Prusiner Stanley B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBoth wild-type and mutant tau proteins can misfold into prions and self-propagate in the central nervous system of animals and people. To extend the work of others, we investigated the molecular basis of tau prion–mediated neurodegeneration in transgenic (Tg) rats expressing mutant human tau (P301S); this line of Tg rats is denoted Tg12099. We used the rat Prnp promoter to drive the overexpression of mutant tau (P301S) in the human 0N4R isoform. In Tg12099(+/+) rats homozygous for the transgene, ubiquitous expression of mutant human tau resulted in the progressive accumulation of phosphorylated tau inclusions, including silver-positive tangles in the frontal cortices and limbic system. Signs of central nervous system dysfunction were found in terminal Tg12099(+/+) rats exhibiting severe neurodegeneration and profound atrophy of the amygdala and piriform cortex. The greatest increases in tau prion activity were found in the corticolimbic structures. In contrast to the homozygous Tg12099(+/+) rats, we found lower levels of mutant tau in the hemizygous rats, resulting in few neuropathologic changes up to 2 years of age. Notably, these hemizygous rats could be infected by intracerebral inoculation with recombinant tau fibrils or precipitated tau prions from the brain homogenates of sick, aged homozygous Tg12099(+/+) rats. Our studies argue that the regional propagation of tau prions and neurodegeneration in the Tg12099 rats resembles that found in human primary tauopathies. These findings seem likely to advance our understanding of human tauopathies and may lead to effective therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease and other tau prion disorders.
Actinic keratosis metrics
Authors: Burstein Sarah E. , Maibach Howard 
Published: August 2024

AbstractActinic keratosis (AK) is a common precancerous skin condition predominantly affecting older males with fair skin and significant UV exposure. The clinical significance of AK is related to its potential for malignant transformation and progression to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Accurate diagnosis of AK is essential for adequate treatment, evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, and mitigating the risk of developing SCC. However, clinician variability due to the subjective nature of current diagnostic tools presents significant challenges to achieving consistent and reliable AK diagnoses. Thus, there is no universally accepted standard for measuring AK.This review evaluates current methods for evaluating and diagnosing AK, focusing on clinician variability through inter- and intraobserver agreement. Eight peer-reviewed studies investigating the reliability of various approaches for AK evaluation show substantial variability in interobserver or intraobserver agreement, with most methods demonstrating only slight to moderate reliability. Some suggest that consensus discussions and simplified rating scales can modestly improve diagnostic reliability. However, remaining variability and the lack of a universally accepted standard for measuring AK underscore the need for more robust and standardized diagnostic and evaluation methods.The review emphasizes the need for improved diagnostic tools and standardized methods to enhance the accuracy and reliability of AK assessments. It also proposes applying a novel examination approach using 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA) staining which may improve the visualization and identification of AK lesions. Advancements in these areas have significant potential, promising better clinical practices and patient outcomes in AK management.
The psychological burden of major surgical complications in visceral surgery
Authors: Mehdorn Matthias , Danker Helge , Mehdorn Anne-Sophie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Complications are common after major visceral surgery. Besides the patients, also surgeons may experience negative feelings by the patients suffering. Some studies have evaluated the mental burden caused by complications, mainly focusing on residents in different surgical specialties. No evidence exists on the mental burden of board-qualified visceral surgeons in Germany.

Materials and Methods
A point prevalence study was conducted using an online questionnaire. For the inclusion of participants, all departments of visceral surgery at German university hospitals were addressed. The objective of the online questionnaire was to elaborate the perception of complications and the coping mechanisms used by the surgeons with the aim to characterize the mental burden and possible improvement strategies.

Results
A total of 113 questionnaires were answered, 98 being complete. 73.2% of the participants were male, 46.9% were consultants and had a working experience of 11–20 years. Most common specialties were colorectal and general surgery and 91.7% claimed to have caused complications Clavien-Dindo grade IV or V. Subsequently, predominant feelings were anger, grief, self-doubt and guilt. The fear of being blamed by colleagues or to lose reputation were high. Especially female and younger surgeons showed those fears. Coping mechanisms used to overcome those negative feelings were interaction with friends and family (60.6%) or proactive training (59.6%). Only 17.2% of the institutions offered professional support. In institutions where no support was offered, 71.6% of the surgeons asked for support.

Conclusion
Surgical complications cause major psychological burden in surgeons in German university hospitals. Main coping mechanisms are communication with friends and families and professional education. Vulnerable subgroups, such as younger surgeons, may be at risk of suffering more from perceived mental distress. Nonetheless, the majority did not receive but asked for professional counselling. Thus, structured institutional support may ameliorate care for both surgeon and patient.
A dendrite is a dendrite is a dendrite?
Dendritic signal integration beyond the “antenna” model
Authors: Stingl Moritz , Draguhn Andreas , Both Martin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNeurons in central nervous systems receive multiple synaptic inputs and
transform them into a largely standardized output to their target cells—the action
potential. A simplified model posits that synaptic signals are integrated by linear
summation and passive propagation towards the axon initial segment, where the
threshold for spike generation is either crossed or not. However, multiple lines of
research during past decades have shown that signal integration in individual
neurons is much more complex, with important functional consequences at the
cellular, network, and behavioral-cognitive level. The interplay between concomitant
excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials depends strongly on the relative
timing and localization of the respective synapses. In addition, dendrites contain
multiple voltage-dependent conductances, which allow scaling of postsynaptic
potentials, non-linear input processing, and compartmentalization of signals.
Together, these features enable a rich variety of single-neuron computations,
including non-linear operations and synaptic plasticity. Hence, we have to revise
over-simplified messages from textbooks and use simplified computational models like
integrate-and-fire neurons with some caution. This concept article summarizes the
most important mechanisms of dendritic integration and highlights some recent
developments in the field.
Entrepreneurial alertness: A mechanism for innovation and growth in an emerging economy
Authors: Lanivich Stephen E. , Zahoor Nadia , Donbesuur Francis , Miri Domnan , Adomako Samuel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we draw from the conservation of resources theory to develop and test a model on the processes through which resiliency influences two entrepreneurial strategies, product differentiation and international diversification. Results from 226 entrepreneurs in Pakistan demonstrate that psychological resiliency predicts product diversification and international diversification through entrepreneurial alertness. Also, we find that institutional voids moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial alertness, product diversification, and international diversification. Our theorizing advances entrepreneurial alertness as a lynchpin variable for operationalizing founders’ characteristics to affect innovation and expansion efforts. Furthermore, by demonstrating the complementary effect of institutional voids on the entrepreneurial alertness–product differentiation and entrepreneurial alertness–international diversification relationships, we draw the attention of entrepreneurs to the brighter side of institutional voids. This is an important addition to international entrepreneurship literature and a critical contextual contribution to entrepreneurial alertness theory development because limited attention is devoted to examining how resiliency promotes entrepreneurial alertness for facilitating product differentiation and international diversification strategies in the Asia Pacific region.
Optimising in-cell NMR acquisition for nucleic acids
Authors: Annecke Henry T. P. , Eidelpes Reiner , Feyrer Hannes , Ilgen Julian , Gürdap Cenk Onur , Dasgupta Rubin , Petzold Katja 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the structure and function of nucleic acids in their native environment is crucial to structural biology and one focus of in-cell NMR spectroscopy. Many challenges hamper in-cell NMR in human cell lines, e.g. sample decay through cell death and RNA degradation. The resulting low signal intensities and broad line widths limit the use of more complex NMR experiments, reducing the possible structural and dynamic information that can be extracted. Here, we optimize the detection of imino proton signals, indicators of base-pairing and therefore secondary structure, of a double-stranded DNA oligonucleotide in HeLa cells, using selective excitation. We demonstrate the reproducible quantification of in-cell selective longitudinal relaxation times (selT1), which are reduced compared to the in vitro environment, as a result of interactions with the complex cellular environment. By measuring the intracellular selT1, we optimize the existing proton pulse sequences, and shorten measurement time whilst enhancing the signal gained per unit of time. This exemplifies an advantage of selective excitation over conventional methods like jump-return water suppression for in-cell NMR. Furthermore, important experimental controls are discussed, including intracellular quantification, supernatant control measurements, as well as the processing of lowly concentrated in-cell NMR samples. We expect that robust and fast in-cell NMR experiments of nucleic acids will facilitate the study of structure and dynamics and reveal their functional correlation.
Imitating the respiratory activity of the brain stem by using artificial neural networks: exploratory study on an animal model of lactic acidosis and proof of concept
Authors: Perchiazzi Gaetano , Kawati Rafael , Pellegrini Mariangela , Liangpansakul Jasmine , Colella Roberto , Bollella Paolo , Rangaiah Pramod , Cannone Annamaria , Venkataramana Deepthi Hulithala , Perez Mauricio , Stramaglia Sebastiano , Torsi Luisa , Bellotti Roberto , Augustine Robin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractArtificial neural networks (ANNs) are versatile tools capable of learning without prior knowledge. This study aims to evaluate whether ANN can calculate minute volume during spontaneous breathing after being trained using data from an animal model of metabolic acidosis. Data was collected from ten anesthetized, spontaneously breathing pigs divided randomly into two groups, one without dead space and the other with dead space at the beginning of the experiment. Each group underwent two equal sequences of pH lowering with pre-defined targets by continuous infusion of lactic acid. The inputs to ANNs were pH, ΔPaCO2 (variation of the arterial partial pressure of CO2), PaO2, and blood temperature which were sampled from the animal model. The output was the delta minute volume (ΔVM), (the change of minute volume as compared to the minute volume the animal had at the beginning of the experiment). The ANN performance was analyzed using mean squared error (MSE), linear regression, and the Bland-Altman (B-A) method. The animal experiment provided the necessary data to train the ANN. The best architecture of ANN had 17 intermediate neurons; the best performance of the finally trained ANN had a linear regression with R2 of 0.99, an MSE of 0.001 [L/min], a B-A analysis with bias ± standard deviation of 0.006 ± 0.039 [L/min]. ANNs can accurately estimate ΔVM using the same information that arrives at the respiratory centers. This performance makes them a promising component for the future development of closed-loop artificial ventilators.
Social Comparisons Under Pandemic Stress: Income Reference Groups, Comparison Patterns, and the Subjective Well-Being of German Students
Authors: Jantsch Antje , Buchenrieder Gertrud , Dufhues Thomas , Möllers Judith 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPeople use social comparisons to reduce uncertainty when facing new or stressful situations. This study explores how a stressful experience, the COVID-19 pandemic, changed how people compare their income. It relates these changes to subjective well-being (SWB). We use a repeated cross-sectional dataset of students at two German universities from before and during the pandemic. A novel survey instrument is employed to identify individualized reference groups used for income comparison and to analyze whether the comparison pattern changed. Our results reveal that, while there was little change in the size of the reference groups, there was some difference in the group composition. During the pandemic, survey respondents were more likely to select two types of individuals into their reference groups: relatives and people they only knew from social media. Income comparisons were beginning to have a negative association with SWB, while the relation had been positive before the pandemic. Moreover, upward income comparisons increased.
Cognitive Fluency in L2: The Effect of Automatic and Controlled Lexical Processing on Speech Rate
Authors: Olkkonen Sanna , Snellings Patrick , Veivo Outi , Lintunen Pekka 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe fluency of second language (L2) speech can be influenced by L2 proficiency, but also by differences in the efficiency of cognitive operations and personal speaking styles. The nature of cognitive fluency is still, however, little understood. Therefore, we studied the cognitive fluency of Finnish advanced students of English (N = 64) to understand how the efficiency of cognitive processing influences speech rate. Cognitive fluency was operationalised as automaticity of lexical access (measured by rapid word recognition) and attention control (measured by the Stroop task). The tasks were conducted in both L1 (Finnish) and L2 (English) to examine the (dis)similarity of processing in the two languages. Speech rate in a monologue task was used as the dependent measure of speaking performance. The results showed that after controlling for the L1 speech rate and L1 cognitive fluency, the L2 attention control measures explained a small amount of additional variance in L2 speech rate. These results are discussed in relation to the cognitive fluency framework and general speaking proficiency research.
Navigating Complexity: Spiritual Care Discourses Among Swedish Palliative Care Professionals
Authors: Lundberg Emma , Ozanne Anneli , Dellenborg Lisen , Öhlén Joakim , Enstedt Daniel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThrough discourse analysis of focus groups, this study investigates how palliative care professionals in Sweden engage with “spiritual care,” “religion” and “spirituality.” Our results reveal a common assumption that religion is “visible,” but at the same time private. Furthermore, we observed a secular and nonreligious positioning, marked by frequent "us versus them" rhetoric, especially in discussions about truth telling. The findings illustrate a view of belonging to a secular society in which a discourse of static understanding of religion dominated, indicating a vague religious literacy. This study indicates a need among healthcare professionals to discern, understand and relate to non-visible forms of religion.
Expectancy-value interactions and dropout intentions in higher education: can study values compensate for low expectancies?
Authors: Breetzke Jonas , Bohndick Carla 
Published: August 2024

AbstractResearch highlights the importance of expectancy-value interactions in predicting secondary-school students’ academic achievement. But as students transition to higher education, their expectancies and values undergo significant changes – highlighting the need to broaden the application of expectancy-value interactions to this context. To address this, we investigate the interactions between higher education students’ expectancies and their values in relation to students’ dropout intention. Data of N = 1140 students were analysed using latent moderated structural equation modelling. Similar to prior research, we find that expectancy-value interactions are related to students’ dropout intention. But rather than the synergistic interactions commonly found in the secondary-school context, we find that higher education students exhibit compensatory interactions: High study values and low costs could, to a certain degree, compensate for low expectancies. Furthermore, special attention should be paid to students who see little value in their studies and have a low success expectation, as they showed dropout intentions that far exceed effects indicated in prior research.
Combating deepfakes: a comprehensive multilayer deepfake video detection framework
Authors: Rathoure Nikhil , Pateriya R. K. , Bharot Nitesh , Verma Priyanka 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDeepfakes represent a class of synthetic media crafted with the aid of advanced deep learning techniques that exhibit an unparalleled degree of authenticity. The rapid advancement in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has contributed to an increase in the prevalence of deepfakes on the internet, consequently amplifying the spread of misinformation among the public. Consequently, the detection of deepfakes has become a pressing concern. In this context, we put forth a comprehensive framework for deepfake video detection, which is built upon three distinct layers. The first layer, termed as the RGB features extraction layer, is designed to identify potential signs of forgery within the spatial domain of analogous video frames. The second layer, known as the GAN features extraction layer, focuses on the extraction of forgery fingerprints in the high-frequency region. This layer is specifically engineered to detect the fingerprints left by the Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) process in fake videos and the traces of the imaging process in genuine videos. The third and final layer, referred to as the facial region intra-frame inconsistency feature extraction layer, is dedicated to uncovering the anomalies associated with the manipulation process. This is achieved by extracting features from both the inner and outer regions of the manipulated portion of a frame. The extensive experimental evaluations have underscored the superior performance of proposed approach in comparison to existing state-of-the-art methods.