bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image‐defined risk factor assessment of neurogenic tumors after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is useful for predicting intra‐operative risk factors and the completeness of resection
Authors: Irtan Sabine , Brisse Hervé J , Minard‐Colin Véronique , Schleiermacher Gudrun , Galmiche‐Rolland Louise , Le Cossec Chloé , Elie Caroline , Canale Sandra , Michon Jean , Valteau‐Couanet Dominique , Sarnacki Sabine 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundPatients with neuroblastoma are now stratified at diagnosis according to the presence and number of image‐defined risk factors (IDRFs). We examined the added value of IDRF assessment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for predicting surgical resection.Material and MethodsFrom 2009–2012, 39 out of 91 patients operated on in our institution for neuroblastic tumors received neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on ongoing SIOPEN protocols or treatment guidelines. IDRFs were assessed both at diagnosis and preoperatively on CT and/or MRI.ResultsMedian age at diagnosis was 30 months [range 2–191]. The tumor locations were adrenal (n = 20), paravertebral (n = 13) and perivascular (n = 6). INRGSS stages were L2 (n = 13), M (n = 25) and Ms (n = 1). Eleven tumors (28%) were MYCN‐amplified. Chemotherapy reduced the number of IDRFs in 54% of patients overall (21/39): 61.5% (16/26) of M and Ms patients, and 38.5% (5/13) of non metastatic patients (P < 0.001). The number of IDRFs lost after chemotherapy was proportional to the degree of tumor shrinkage (P = 0.002), independent of the primary tumor location (P = 0.73), although the number was higher in patients with left versus right adrenal locations (P = 0.004). Patients with neuroblastoma on post‐surgical histology lost more IDRFs (median: 1[0–9]) than patients with ganglioneuroblastoma (median: 0[0–4]) (P < 0.001). The completeness of resection was related only to the number of preoperative IDRFs (P = 0.028).ConclusionIDRF assessment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy is useful for predicting completeness of resection of neurogenic tumors. A larger international study is needed to confirm these results and to explore a possible correlation between preoperative IDRF status and survival. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1543–1549. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Entry timing and innovation strategy in feature phones
Authors: Klingebiel Ronald , Joseph John 
Published: March 2015

Research summary: This inductive study examines how firms make decisions about the timing of innovations, focusing on the mobile handset industry during the feature‐phone era. Through qualitative and quantitative data, we reveal how individual technology‐entry decisions are influenced by a portfolio‐level timing preference, and how this preference informs other aspects of innovation strategy, too. Early movers address greater, more uncertain revenue opportunities with broader, less selective innovation portfolios. Conversely, late movers target lower, more certain revenue opportunities with narrower, more selective portfolios. While timing per se seems unrelated to performance, a timing‐strategy alignment is. Future research on the equifinal configurations we propose—broad/nonselective for early movers and narrow/selective for late movers—could thus help resolve the debate about the link between timing and performance.Managerial summary: We study how firms make decisions about the entry of new product features, in this case mobile phone technologies. During development firms weigh the scale and likelihood of features' commercial success. Some firms display a preference for earlier entry, which offers temporary monopoly rewards if uncertainty resolves favorably, while others tend to opt for later entry, which offers greater certainty but lower rewards due to competitive preemption. The innovation portfolios of these companies thus pursue differently structured opportunities, bringing about different strategic approaches. Since early movers aim for big hits to compensate for a higher failure rate, they launch a broader set of features and exert little selective pressure on the development portfolio. By contrast, late movers' lower payoffs reduce their tolerance for failure, making them launch fewer features and emphasize selectiveness; i.e., they invest in learning from the resolution of uncertainty so as to choose features more discriminately. When we examine innovation performance, timing has no significant effect but matching timing with feature breadth does. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“We do what we must, and call it by the best names”: Can deliberate names offset the consequences of organizational atypicality?
Authors: Smith Edward B. , Chae Heewon 
Published: March 2015

Research summary: This article focuses on organizational naming as a strategic choice organizations make to overcome liabilities of atypicality. We argue that, in markets presenting an “illegitimacy discount,” atypical organizations may use deliberate names—names that communicate the market categories to which organizations claim membership—to offset the consequences of atypicality. Using data from the global hedge fund industry, we show that atypical hedge funds are more likely than typical funds to have deliberate names. Importantly, the selection of a deliberate name is economically significant. First, funds with deliberate names grow faster than funds without deliberate names, especially among atypical funds. Second, while atypicality heightened the likelihood of failure during the recent financial crisis—even after controlling for fund performance—having a deliberate name mitigated this effect.Managerial summary: Differentiation is a core element of many organizations' competitive advantage. Nevertheless, as differentiation implies being atypical among one's competitors, differentiation strategies can also lead to an “illegitimacy discount” whereby differentiators are at risk of being misunderstood, miscategorized, and ignored by consumers. Here we investigate how atypical hedge funds—funds that differentiate themselves from their competitors by investing in notably unique ways—use names to offset the potential consequences associated with the “illegitimacy discount.” Our analysis of more than 12,000 hedge funds over 12 years highlighted a trend whereby atypical hedge funds were more likely to choose names that unambiguously associated them with a known investment strategy—for instance, choosing the name “Apex Global Macro Capital” over simply “Apex Capital.” Importantly, name selection proved to be economically significant. For example, among atypical hedge funds, those with unambiguous names grew faster than those without. Furthermore, while being atypical increased the level of disinvestment during the recent financial crisis, having an unambiguous name reversed this effect. Organizational names play an important communication role with consumers, which, while highly symbolic, may also help resolve the dual organizational need to both conform to consumer expectations and differentiate from market competitors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concise Review: NANOG in Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Development: An Update and Outstanding Questions
Authors: Jeter Collene R. , Yang Tao , Wang Junchen , Chao Hsueh-Ping , Tang Dean G. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The homeobox domain transcription factor NANOG, a key regulator of embryonic development and cellular reprogramming, has been reported to be broadly expressed in human cancers. Functional studies have provided strong evidence that NANOG possesses protumorigenic attributes. In addition to promoting self-renewal and long-term proliferative potential of stem-like cancer cells, NANOG-mediated oncogenic reprogramming may underlie clinical manifestations of malignant disease. In this review, we examine the molecular origin, expression, biological activities, and mechanisms of action of NANOG in various malignancies. We also consider clinical implications such as correlations between NANOG expression and cancer prognosis and/or response to therapy. We surmise that NANOG potentiates the molecular circuitry of tumorigenesis, and thus may represent a novel therapeutic target or biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment outcome of cancer. Finally, we present critical pending questions relating NANOG to cancer stem cells and tumor development. Stem Cells 2015;33:2381–2390
Solution strategy for non‐linear finite element analyses of large reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Engen Morten , Hendriks Max A. N. , Øverli Jan Arve , Åldstedt Erik 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWhen performing non‐linear finite element analyses during the design of large reinforced concrete structures, there is a need for a general, robust and stable solution strategy with a low modelling uncertainty which comprises choices regarding force equilibrium, kinematic compatibility and constitutive relations. In this paper, analyses of experiments with a range of structural forms, loading conditions, failure modes and concrete strengths show that an engineering solution strategy is able to produce results with good accuracy and low modelling uncertainty. The advice is to shift the attention from a detailed description of the post‐cracking behaviour of concrete to a rational description of the pre‐cracking compressive behaviour for cases where large elements are used and the ultimate limit capacity is sought.
Behaviour of eccentrically loaded high‐strength concrete columns intersected by lower‐strength concrete slabs
Authors: Stanisław Urban Tadeusz , Gołdyn Michał Marcin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis paper presents the results of experimental investigations of high‐strength concrete edge and corner columns intersected by concrete slabs. The effect of the intersection by weaker slab concrete on the load‐carrying capacities of reinforced concrete columns is investigated. The only parameter considered was the location of the column with respect to the edge of the slab. It is stated that providing a small slab overhang beyond the column edge makes it possible to increase the actual strength of the joint concrete significantly. The results of the authors' research clearly demonstrate that providing a sufficiently large slab overhang allows the designer to treat edge and corner column‐slab connection joints in the same way as internal joints. Existing code provisions concerning strength of concrete in edge and corner column‐slab connection joints are in some cases too conservative and require clarification.
Effects of prescribed burning on swainson's warbler home‐range size and habitat use
Authors: Everitts Jeremy L. , Benson Thomas J. , Bednarz James C. , Anich Nicholas M. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTPrescribed fire is an often‐used tool for managing or manipulating wildlife habitats. However, studies on the effects of prescribed fire on conservation‐priority songbirds are limited. We examined effects of low‐intensity prescribed burns on vegetation structure and composition, and on habitat use of 45 radiotagged male Swainson's warblers (Limnothlypis swainsonii) during the 2008 and 2009 breeding seasons in the St. Francis National Forest in eastern Arkansas, USA. We found that home ranges in areas with extensive burning (>50% burned) were significantly larger ( = 14.4 ha, SE = 3.5, n = 13) than home ranges in areas with partial burning (<50% burned;  = 6.1 ha, SE = 1.3, n = 5) and unburned home ranges ( = 8.5 ha, SE = 1.1, n = 27). Burning decreased understory vegetation density, leaf‐litter depth, and cover, but had no effect on density of woody stems, including giant cane (Arundinaria gigantean; a native bamboo that is thought to benefit from fire). Swainson's warblers did not completely avoid burned regions of their home ranges, but individuals selected dense understory habitats in burned and unburned areas, and burning appeared to intensify selection for areas with less‐variable litter depth. Low‐intensity burning appeared to have minimal impacts on Swainson's warbler habitat use, but did result in increased home‐range size, possibly to compensate for burn‐impacted habitat patches and to enable warblers to acquire adequate food resources. Based on our findings, we suggest that high‐intensity fires or frequent burning could have significant negative impacts on Swainson's warbler habitat. Also, prescribed burning alone was not sufficient to restore remnant populations of cane or a dense understory. We suggest management involving canopy openings in combination with low‐intensity fire may more likely promote the development of dense understory habitat, including giant cane preferred by Swainson's warblers and other understory‐dependent birds. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Effect of seed storage temperature on fine root development and mycorrhizal colonization of young Populus nigra seedlings
Authors: Mucha Joanna , Szymańska Agata Klaudia , Zadworny Marcin , Tylkowski Tadeusz , Michalak Marcin , Suszka Jan 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Key message
Seed storage temperature influences root anatomy of the endangered Populus nigra, and consequently may alter nutrient absorption. A lower temperature during seed storage (−20 and −196 °C) may preserve the potential for a suitable root system development after germination.

Context
Seed storage conditions can be an important determinant of later seedling growth of Populus nigra L., an endangered tree species.

Aims
We tested whether long-term seed storage temperature, −10, −20 or −196 °C, affects the pattern of seedling root traits responsible for resource acquisition as compared to seedlings of fresh seeds.

Methods
We analysed the morphology, anatomy, degree of mycorrhizal colonization, and biochemical composition of roots developed from seed stored for 24 months at five different temperatures (from 3 to −196 °C) commonly used to preserve genetic resources.

Results
Except for root anatomy, we found no relationship between seed storage temperature and the root traits of seedlings. Among the various storage conditions, the proportion of roots with primary development in the first four orders was similar in seedlings developed from fresh seeds of from seeds stored at −196 or −20 °C. Nitrogen content in the roots was positively correlated with the proportion of (i) roots with primary development and (ii) the cortex width in the root diameter.

Conclusions
Higher temperatures during seed storage reduced the proportion of roots with absorptive function (with primary development). Therefore, for preservation of P. nigra seeds we recommend lower temperatures such as −20 and −196 °C.
Making Kew Observatory: the Royal Society, the British Association and the politics of early Victorian science
Authors: MACDONALD LEE T. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBuilt in 1769 as a private observatory for King George III, Kew Observatory was taken over in 1842 by the British Association for the Advancement of Science (BAAS). It was then quickly transformed into what some claimed to be a ‘physical observatory’ of the sort proposed by John Herschel – an observatory that gathered data in a wide range of physical sciences, including geomagnetism and meteorology, rather than just astronomy. Yet this article argues that the institution which emerged in the 1840s was different in many ways from that envisaged by Herschel. It uses a chronological framework to show how, at every stage, the geophysicist and Royal Artillery officer Edward Sabine manipulated the project towards his own agenda: an independent observatory through which he could control the geomagnetic and meteorological research, including the ongoing ‘Magnetic Crusade’. The political machinations surrounding Kew Observatory, within the Royal Society and the BAAS, may help to illuminate the complex politics of science in early Victorian Britain, particularly the role of ‘scientific servicemen’ such as Sabine. Both the diversity of activities at Kew and the complexity of the observatory's origins make its study important in the context of the growing field of the ‘observatory sciences’.
In cross-sectional observations, dietary quality is not associated with CVD risk in women; in men the positive association is accounted for by BMI
Authors: Frazier-Wood Alexis C. , Kim Jihye , Davis Jennifer S. , Jung Su Yon , Chang Shine 
Published: March 2015

The role that BMI plays in the association between dietary quality and CVD risk is not known. We aimed to better understand this relationship using statistical methods which correct for sex-specific underreporting of dietary intake. Overall, dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) on data from 9797 non-pregnant adults (aged >20 years) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2010. CVD risk factors included blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin, homeostatic models of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HDL- and LDL-cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), TAG and C-reactive protein (CRP). We controlled for demographic and lifestyle covariates, and we used the population ratio approach (which adjusts for the underreporting of intake) to compare mean HEI scores between the top and bottom quartiles of covariate-adjusted CVD risk factors. In women, the total HEI score was not associated with any CVD risk factors (allQ>0·11). In men, the total HEI score was associated with covariate-adjusted residuals for fasting insulin (Q< 0·001), HOMA-IR (Q< 0·001), HDL-C (Q= 0·01), TAG (Q= 0·03) and CRP (Q< 0·001). When we additionally adjusted for BMI, the association with total HEI score was not significant (allP>0·10). In the present analyses, dietary quality was associated with five CVD risk factors in a sex-specific manner. Moreover, the association of BMI with CVD risk attenuated the relationship between CVD risk and diet, which suggests that BMI is an important factor in heart disease prevention.
DRIFTING TOWARDS PROPORTIONATE LIABILITY: ETHICS AND PRAGMATICS
Authors: Barker Kit , Steele Jenny 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article investigates an apparent, convergent shift in common law jurisdictions away from the traditional principle of joint and several liability towards proportionate liability in cases involving multiple wrongdoers, and argues that this is best seen as an unprincipled drift. The shift is often presented by defendants and legislators as a logical extension of the ethics of comparative (contributory) negligence doctrine. Here we deny any ethical connection between the two doctrines. We also suggest that there is no good, generalisable ethical or pragmatic argument in favour of proportionate liability in its own right and caution jurisdictions currently considering reform of the joint and several liability rule against leaping to any such assumption.
Childhood adversities, urbanisation and depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults: evidence from a national survey in China
Authors: YANG FAN , LOU VIVIAN W. Q. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe trajectory of modern China, namely from dire poverty and communist fever to economic boom and marketisation under an authoritarian regime, makes the country a unique social laboratory for examining how social environment affects human development of individuals. This study investigated the correlation between childhood adversity and depressive symptoms of Chinese middle-aged and older adults, as well as how urbanisation moderates the correlation. A sub-sample (N = 14,681) of the baseline of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study was analysed. Seven variables were used in the latent class analysis to establish a childhood adversity typology. Three urbanisation statuses were identified according to theHukou(household registration system) status and neighbourhood type: non-urbanised, semi-urbanised and fully urbanised. The correlation between childhood adversity and depressive symptoms and the moderation of urbanization on the correlation were assessed with factorial analysis of covariance. Three latent classes for childhood adversities were identified: ‘normal childhood class', ‘low childhood socio-economic status and health class' and ‘traumatic childhood class'. The class membership was significantly correlated with depressive symptoms (p = 0.015), and the urbanisation status, also significantly affecting depressive symptoms (p = 0.05), had significant moderating effect on the correlation (p = 0.002). It is suggested that more social inclusive policies need to be adopted in order to guarantee the equal distribution of wellbeing led by urbanisation.
Merging low vowels in metropolitan French
Authors: BERNS JANINE 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTPrescriptive pronunciation manuals of French generally present a vocalic inventory with two low vowels: front [a] and back [ɑ]. At the same time, descriptive overviews of modern French note the tendency of the posterior vowel to merge with the anterior token, especially in unstressed position. The actual spread and conditioning factors of this alleged merger are nevertheless unknown: we are ignorant about the degree of neutralization, and it is not clear whether it is a change affecting all regions and generations in France.This article studies the French low vowels from a sociolinguistic perspective, by analyzing metropolitan French corpus data.
The crypsis hypothesis: a stenopic view of the selective factors in the evolution of physical dormancy in seeds
Authors: Jayasuriya K.M.G. Gehan , Athugala Yasoja S. , Wijayasinghe Malaka M. , Baskin Jerry M. , Baskin Carol C. , Mahadevan Niranjan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPhysical dormancy (PY) in seeds/fruits, which is caused by the water-impermeable palisade layer, has long been considered a mechanism for synchronizing germination to a favourable time for seedling survival and establishment. Recently, a new hypothesis (crypsis hypothesis) was proposed as the main selective factor for the evolution of PY. However, there are some misconceptions in this hypothesis. Our objective is to critically evaluate the crypsis hypothesis and to point out that there are multiple adaptive roles of PY. The fundamental argument in the crypsis hypothesis, that PY evolved as an escape mechanism from predators, is not valid according to the evolutionary theory of Darwin. According to Darwin's hypothesis, variations (dormancy in our case) within a population occur randomly, i.e. there is no direct function of a variation at the time of its origin. Different selection pressures operating in the environment increase or decrease the fitness of individuals with the variation. Water-gap anatomy in seeds/fruits and phylogenetic relationships of species with PY suggest that PY has evolved several times in angiosperms. Thus, we argue that not only predatory pressure but also several other environmental pressures (e.g. proper timing of germination, ultra-drying of seeds, dispersal and pathogens) were involved in increasing the fitness of species producing seeds with PY. The significance of PY in the survival of the species under the above-mentioned environmental pressures and other misconceptions of the crypsis hypothesis are discussed in detail.