bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“What’s in a name?”: Using mpox as a case study to understand the importance of communication, advocacy, and information accuracy in disease nomenclature
Authors: Hulland Erin N. , Charpignon Marie-Laure , El Hayek Ghinwa Y. , Desai Angel N. , Majumder Maimuna S. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHistorically, many diseases have been named after the species or location of discovery, the discovering scientists, or the most impacted population. However, species-specific disease names often misrepresent the true reservoir; location-based disease names are frequently targeted with xenophobia; some of the discovering scientists have darker histories; and impacted populations have been stigmatized for this association. Acknowledging these concerns, the World Health Organization now proposes naming diseases after their causative pathogen or symptomatology. Recently, this guidance has been retrospectively applied to a disease at the center of an outbreak rife with stigmatization and misinformation: mpox (f.k.a. ‘monkeypox’). This disease, historically endemic to west and central Africa, has prompted racist remarks as it spread globally in 2022 in an epidemic ongoing today. Moreover, its elevated prevalence among men who have sex with men has yielded increased stigma against the LGBTQ+ community. To address these prejudicial associations, ‘monkeypox’ was renamed ‘mpox’ in November 2022.We used publicly available data from Google Search Trends to determine which countries were quicker to adopt this name change—and understand factors that limit or facilitate its use. Specifically, we built regression models to quantify the relationship between ’mpox’ search intensity in a given country and the country’s type of political regime, robustness of sociopolitical and health systems, level of pandemic preparedness, extent of gender and educational inequalities, and temporal evolution of mpox cases through December 2023. Our results suggest that, when compared to ‘monkeypox’ search intensity, ’mpox’ search intensity was significantly higher in countries with any history of mpox outbreaks or higher levels of LGBTQ+ acceptance; meanwhile, ‘mpox’ search intensity was significantly lower in countries governed by leaders who had recently propagated infectious disease misinformation.Among infectious diseases with stigmatizing names, mpox is among the first to be revised retrospectively. While the adoption of a given disease name will be context-specific—depending in part on its origins and the affected subpopulations—our study provides generalizable insights, applicable to future changes in disease nomenclature.
The association between limiting longstanding illness and serious psychological distress in adolescents: A secondary analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study
Authors: Palliser Gareth M. , Fraser Lorna K. , Mooney Kate E. , Jarvis Stuart W. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown associations between specific limiting longstanding illnesses and mental health difficulties using cross-sectional studies in the UK. This study explored the association between having any limiting longstanding illness and serious psychological distress or of currently receiving treatment for depression or serious anxiety at age 17 years.MethodsA secondary analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study was conducted. Outcome measures were dichotomised responses from the self-administered Kessler-6 questionnaire for nonspecific psychological distress, and self-reported currently receiving treatment for depression or serious anxiety. Limiting longstanding illness data and covariates were taken from questionnaires with parents and adolescents, from birth up to age 17 years. Data were analysed using multiple binary logistic regression, first using complete-case analysis, and then using multiple imputation using chained equations.ResultsAdolescents with a history of limiting longstanding illness were at an increased odds of both serious psychological distress (odds ratio = 1.53, 95%CI = 1.27-1.86) and self-reporting currently receiving treatment for depression or serious anxiety at age 17 years (odds ratio = 3.02, 95%CI 2.24-4.07).ConclusionChildren and young people with a limiting longstanding illness are at increased risk of having serious psychological distress, depression, and serious anxiety. Practitioners should be aware of this and routine screening for psychological distress, plus additional preventative support, may be beneficial.
Geographical distribution and the impact of socio-environmental indicators on incidence of Mpox in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Ugwu Chigozie Louisa J. , Asgary Ali , Wu Jianhong , Kong Jude , Bragazzi Nicola Luig , Orbinski James , Woldegerima Woldegebriel Assefa 
Published: June 2024

Background: Ontario, being one of Canada's largest provinces, has been central to the high incidence of human Mpox. Research is scarce on how socio-environmental factors influence Mpox incidences. This study seeks to explore potential geographical correlations and the relationship between indicators of social marginalization and Mpox incidence rate in Ontario. Methodology: We used surveillance data on confirmed human Mpox cases from May 1, 2022, to March 31, 2024, extracted from the Public Health Ontario website for this study. Spatial autocorrelation of Mpox incidence was investigated using spatial methods including Moran’s Index, Getis–Ord Gi*statistic, and spatial scan statistic. Following this, we adopted a generalized Poisson regression (GPR) model to estimate the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) based on the association between Ontario PHU-level marginalization and Mpox incidence, while adjusting for age and sex. The goodness-of-fit of the models was assessed using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Akaike’s Information Criterion corrected (AICc), and the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Results: Spatial scan statistics, LISA, and Getis-Ord Gi*statistics revealed similar results for PHUs with the highest rates of Mpox in Ontario. Our study detected statistically significantly higher Mpox cases in Toronto, Ottawa, Peterborough, Kingston, Peel, Wellington-Dufferin-Guelph, Middlesex-London, Halton region, Brant County, Hamilton, and Haldimand-Norfolk PHUs ([[EQUATION]]). Higher rates of Mpox infection in Ontario were associated with ethnic concentration (racialized, migrants or visible minority) [[EQUATION]]), and male gender ( [[EQUATION]]) and residential instability ( ). Conclusion: We identified major Mpox hotspots in Toronto. According to our model results, the high incidence rate may be influenced by the greater population of internal migrant population and younger individuals. Based on these insights, we recommend targeted interventions in the high-risk neighborhoods. Efforts to improve Mpox diagnosis and promote health equity among socioeconomically vulnerable populations, including racial and ethnic minorities, should be implemented.
Neuroanatomical Features of NAA10- and NAA15-Related Neurodevelopmental Syndromes
Authors: Patel Rahi , Makwana Rikhil , Christ Carolina , Marchi Elaine , Ung Nathaniel , Harpell Randie , Miyake Christina Y. , Gropman Andrea L. , Lyon Gholson J. , Whitehead Matthew T. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundNAA10-related (Ogden Syndrome) andNAA15-related neurodevelopmental syndromes present with varying degrees of intellectual disability, hypotonia, congenital cardiac abnormalities, seizures, and delayed speech and motor development. While there is much data on the clinical manifestations of these conditions, there are few radiologic reports describing the neuroanatomical abnormalities present on imaging.ObjectiveOur goal was to provide neuroimaging analyses for a subset of probands withNAA10-andNAA15-related neurodevelopmental symptoms and assess severity, common radiologic anomalies, and changes over time to better understand the pathophysiology of these disease processes.Materials and MethodsNeuroimaging studies from 26 probands (18 with pathogenic variants inNAA10, 8 with pathogenic variants inNAA15) were collected and analyzed. Size of the cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum, as well as myelination, brain malformations, globus pallidus hyperintensity, brain lesions, 4th ventricle size, tegmentovermian angle, cisterna magna size, pituitary size, olfactory tract, palate arch, and choroid plexus abnormalities were analyzed. In depth medical histories were also collected on all probands, including genetic testing results and social, cognitive, and developmental history. The Vineland 3 Adaptive Behavior Scale was also administered to the parents to assess functional status of the probands.ResultsOn average, individuals with Ogden Syndrome had 5.7 anatomical abnormalities (standard deviation (SD) = 3.0), whereas those with NAA15 related neurodevelopmental syndrome had 2.8 (SD = 2.3) (p = .02). Probands who had more anatomical abnormalities tended to score worse on Vineland assessments, suggesting a possible correlation between the two. Structural-functional anatomic differences seen were preserved such that individuals with greater defects on, for example, motor regions of their scans tested worse on motor portions of the Vineland. Probands followed longitudinally demonstrated several changes between scans, most commonly in the cerebellum, brainstem, and degree of myelination. Such changes were only observed for probands withNAA10variants in our cohort.ConclusionDespite clinical imaging being reported as being predominantly “normal” during routine clinical care, this analysis of a cohort of patients withNAA10-related (Ogden Syndrome) andNAA15-related neurodevelopmental syndrome by one neuroradiologist has established a range of subtle abnormalities. We hope these findings guide future research and diagnostic studies for this patient population.
Artificial Intelligence Performance in Testing Microfluidics for Point-of-Care
Authors: Doganay Mert Tunca , Chakraborty Purbali , Moukthika Sri , Jammalamadaka Soujanya , Battalapalli Dheerendranath , Draz Mohamed S. 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTArtificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing medicine by automating tasks like image segmentation and pattern recognition. These AI approaches support seamless integration with existing platforms, enhancing diagnostics, treatment, and patient care. While recent advancements have demonstrated AI superiority in advancing microfluidics for point of care diagnostics, a gap remains in comparative evaluations of AI algorithms in testing microfluidics. We conducted a comparative evaluation of AI models specifically for the two-class classification problem of identifying the presence or absence of bubbles in microfluidic channels under various imaging conditions. Using a model microfluidic system with a single channel loaded with 3D transparent objects (bubbles), we challenged each of the tested machine learning (ML) (n = 6) and deep learning (DL) (n = 9) models across different background settings. Evaluation revealed that the Random Forest ML model achieved 95.52% sensitivity, 82.57% specificity, and 97% AUC, outperforming other ML algorithms. Among DL models suitable for mobile integration, DenseNet169 demonstrated superior performance, achieving 92.63% sensitivity, 92.22% specificity, and 92% AUC. Remarkably, DenseNet169 integration into a mobile POC system demonstrated exceptional accuracy (> 0.84) in testing microfluidics at under challenging imaging settings. Our study confirms the transformative potential of AI in healthcare, emphasizing its capacity to revolutionize precision medicine through accurate and accessible diagnostics. The integration of AI into healthcare systems holds promise for enhancing patient outcomes and streamlining healthcare delivery.
Mapping the Shadows: A Comprehensive Exploration of Breast Ironing’s Effects on Women and Girls through a Systematic and Scoping Review
Authors: Ajibade Benjamin Olusola , Ubah Prince , Kainesie John , Suleiman Umma , Omoruyi Maxwell , Tolulope Olubunmi Adediran-Ibegbunam 
Published: June 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe research paper titled "Mapping the Shadows: A Comprehensive Exploration of Breast Ironing’s Effects on Women and Girls through a Systematic/Scoping Review" examines the cultural practice of breast ironing (BI) and its significant impact on the physical, psychological, and social well-being of women and girls. It explores the biopsychosocial implications of breast ironing on women, assesses knowledge and attitudes towards the practice, and analyses its prevalence and consequences.MethodsThis study employs a systematic/scoping review design following the PRISMA guidelines to collect and analyse qualitative and quantitative data. Data collection involved a comprehensive search of online databases, including EBSCO, PubMed, Google Scholar, and others. Four investigators conducted independent searches using specific keywords related to breast ironing. The inclusion criteria focused on studies examining the biopsychosocial impact of breast ironing within the past 10 years. The data were analysed using thematic analysis, chi-square tests, and logistic regression models.ResultsThe practice of breast ironing results in severe physical and psychological trauma, including pain, tissue damage, infections, abscesses, and breast cancer. Psychologically, victims experience anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, and PTSD. The study found significant barriers to healthcare access due to stigma and lack of awareness. The prevalence of breast ironing is highest in the Littoral region (53%), with varying rates across other regions. Chi-square tests revealed significant relationships between BI and health outcomes, such as severe pain and family health issues (p-value < 0.001). Logistic regression indicated a strong association between BI exposure and negative health outcomes.ConclusionBreast ironing is a harmful cultural practice with substantial negative impacts on the health and well-being of women and girls. Comprehensive interventions, including legal measures, community education, and support services, are crucial to eradicate this practice and protect the rights and health of affected individuals.
Controlling semiconductor growth with structured de novo protein interfaces
Authors: Saragovi Amijai , Pyles Harley , Kwon Paul , Hanikel Nikita , Dávila-Hernández Fátima A. , Bera Asim K. , Kang Alex , Brackenbrough Evans , Vafeados Dionne K. , Allen Aza , Stewart Lance , Baker David 
Published: June 2024

AbstractProtein design now enables the precise arrangement of atoms on the length scales (nanometers) of inorganic crystal nuclei, opening up the possibility of templating semiconductor growth. We designed proteins presenting regularly repeating interfaces presenting functional groups likely to organize ions and water molecules, and characterized their ability to bind to and promote nucleation of ZnO. Utilizing the scattering properties of ZnO nanoparticles, we developed a flow cytometry based sorting methodology and identified thirteen proteins with ZnO binding interfaces. Three designs promoted ZnO nucleation under conditions where traditional inorganic binding peptides and control proteins were ineffective. Incorporation of these interfaces into higher order assemblies further enhanced nucleation. These findings demonstrate the potential of using protein design to modulate semiconductor growth and generate protein-semiconductor hybrid materials.One Sentence SummaryIn this study we designed a library of potential inorganic binding de novo proteins and identified structured protein interfaces with the capacity to bind to and promote the growth of zinc oxide, a semiconductor material that is not observed in native systems.
Modulation of ribosomal subunit associations by eIF6 is critical for mitotic exit and cancer progression
Authors: Roshan Poonam , Biswas Aparna , Anagnos Stella , Luebbers Riley , Harish Kavya , Ahmed Sinthyia , Li Megan , Nguyen Nicholas , Zhou Gao , Tedeschi Frank , Hathuc Vivian , Lin Zhenguo , Hamilton Zachary , Origanti Sofia 
Published: June 2024

AbstractModerating the pool of active ribosomal subunits is critical for maintaining global translation rates. A factor crucial for modulating the 60S ribosomal subunits is eukaryotic translation initiation factor 6. Release of eIF6 from 60S is essential to permit 60S interactions with 40S. Here, using the N106S mutant of eIF6, we show that disrupting eIF6 interaction with 60S leads to an increase in vacant 80S. It further highlights a dichotomy in the anti-association activity of eIF6 that is distinct from its role in 60S biogenesis and shows that the nucleolar localization of eIF6 is not dependent on uL14-BCCIP interactions. Limiting active ribosomal pools markedly deregulates translation especially in mitosis and leads to chromosome segregation defects, mitotic exit delays and mitotic catastrophe. Ribo-Seq analysis of the eIF6-N106S mutant shows a significant downregulation in the translation efficiencies of mitotic factors and specifically transcripts with long 3′UTRs. eIF6-N106S mutation also limits cancer invasion, and this role is correlated with the overexpression of eIF6 only in high-grade invasive cancers suggesting that deregulation of eIF6 is probably not an early event in cancers. Thus, this study highlights the segregation of eIF6 functions and its role in moderating 80S availability for mitotic translation and cancer progression.
Revealing the Biophysics of Lamina-Associated Domain Formation by Integrating Theoretical Modeling and High-Resolution Imaging
Authors: Dhankhar Monika , Guo Zixian , Kant Aayush , Basir Ramin , Joshi Rohit , Heo Su Chin , Mauck Robert L. , Lakadamyali Melike , Shenoy Vivek B. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe interactions between chromatin and the nuclear lamina orchestrate cell type-specific gene activity by forming lamina-associated domains (LADs) which preserve cellular characteristics through gene repression. However, unlike the interactions between chromatin segments, the strength of chromatin-lamina interactions and their dependence on cellular environment are not well understood. Here, we develop a theory to predict the size and shape of peripheral heterochromatin domains by considering the energetics of chromatin-chromatin interactions, the affinity between chromatin and the nuclear lamina and the kinetics of methylation and acetylation9in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Through the analysis of super-resolution images of peripheral heterochromatin domains using this theoretical framework, we determine the nuclear lamina-wide distribution of chromatin-lamina affinities. We find that the extracted affinity is highly spatially heterogeneous and shows a bimodal distribution, indicating regions along the lamina with strong chromatin binding and those exhibiting vanishing chromatin affinity interspersed with some regions exhibiting a relatively diminished chromatin interactions, in line with the presence of structures such as nuclear pores. Exploring the role of environmental cues on peripheral chromatin, we find that LAD thickness increases when hMSCs are cultured on a softer substrate, in correlation with contractility-dependent translocation of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) from the cytosol to the nucleus. In soft microenvironments, chromatin becomes sequestered at the nuclear lamina, likely due to the interactions of HDAC3 with the chromatin anchoring protein LAP2β,increasing chromatin-lamina affinity, as well as elevated levels of the intranuclear histone methylation. Our findings are further corroborated by pharmacological interventions that inhibit contractility, as well as by manipulating methylation levels using epigenetic drugs. Notably, in the context of tendinosis, a chronic condition characterized by collagen degeneration, we observed a similar increase in the thickness of peripheral chromatin akin to that of cells cultured on soft substrates consistent with theoretical predictions. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of the microenvironment in shaping genome organization and highlight its relevance in pathological conditions.
Kinesin-1 mediates proper ER folding of the CaV1.2 channel and maintains mouse glucose homeostasis
Authors: Tanaka Yosuke , Farkhondeh Atena , Yang Wenxing , Ueno Hitoshi , Noda Mitsuhiko , Hirokawa Nobutaka 
Published: June 2024

SummaryGlucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from pancreatic beta cells is a principal mechanism for systemic glucose homeostasis, of which regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. Here we show that kinesin molecular motor KIF5B is essential for GSIS through maintaining the voltage-gated calcium channel CaV1.2 levels, by facilitating an Hsp70-to-Hsp90 chaperone exchange to pass through the quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Phenotypic analyses of KIF5B conditional knockout (cKO) mouse beta cells revealed significant abolishment of glucose-stimulated calcium transients, which altered the behaviors of insulin granules via abnormally stabilized cortical F-actin. KIF5B and Hsp90 colocalize to microdroplets on ER sheets, where CaV1.2 but not Kir6.2 is accumulated. In the absence of KIF5B, CaV1.2 fails to be transferred from Hsp70 to Hsp90 and is likely degraded via the proteasomal pathway. KIF5B and Hsc70 overexpression increased CaV1.2 expression via enhancing its chaperone binding. Thus, ER sheets may serve as the place of KIF5B- and Hsp90-dependent chaperone exchange, which predominantly facilitates CaV1.2 production in beta cells and properly enterprises GSIS against diabetes.