bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of senior doctor assessment at triage on emergency department performance measures: systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies
Authors: Abdulwahid Maysam Ali , Booth Andrew , Kuczawski Maxine , Mason Suzanne M 
Published: July 2015

Study questionTo determine if placing a senior doctor at triage versus standard single nurse in a hospital emergency department (ED) improves ED performance by reviewing evidence from comparative design studies using several quality indicators.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesCochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC), Web of Science, Clinical Trials Registry website. In addition, references from included studies and citation searches were used to identify relevant studies.Review methodsDatabases were searched for comparative studies examining the role of senior doctor triage (SDT), published from 1994 to 2014. Senior doctor was defined as a qualified medical doctor who completed high specialty training in emergency medicine. Articles with a primary aim to investigate the effect of SDT on ED quality indicators such as waiting time (WT), length of stay (LOS), left without being seen (LWBS) and left without treatment complete (LWTC) were included. Articles examining the adverse events and cost associated with SDT were also included. Only studies with a control group, either in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) or in an observational study with historical controls, were included. The systematic literature search was followed by assessment of relevance and risk of bias in each individual study fulfilling the inclusion criteria using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) bias tool. Data extraction was based on a form designed and piloted by the authors for dichotomous and continuous data.Data synthesisNarrative synthesis and meta-analysis of homogenous data were performed.ResultsOf 4506 articles identified, 25 relevant studies were retrieved; 12 were of the weak pre-post study design, 9 were of moderate quality and 4 were of strong quality. The majority of the studies revealed improvements in ED performance measures favouring SDT. Pooled results from two Canadian RCTs showed a significant reduction in LOS of medium acuity patients (weighted means difference (WMD) −26.26 min, 95% CI −38.50 to −14.01). Another two RCTs revealed a significant reduction in WT (WMD −26.17 min, 95% CI −31.68 to −20.65). LWBS was reduced in two Canadian RCTs (risk ratio (RR)=0.79, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.94). This was echoed by the majority of pre-post study designs. SDT did not change the occurrence of adverse events. No clear benefit of SDT in terms of patient satisfaction or cost effectiveness could be identified.ConclusionsThis review demonstrates that SDT can be an effective measure to enhance ED performance, although cost versus benefit analysis is needed. The potential high risk of bias in the evidence identified, however, mandates more robust multicentred studies to confirm these findings.
Magma imaged magnetotellurically beneath an active and an inactive magmatic segment in Afar, Ethiopia
Authors: Johnson N. E. , Whaler K. A. , Hautot S. , Fisseha S. , Desissa M. , Dawes G. J. K. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

This paper presents broadband magnetotelluric data collected along profiles over two magmatic segments comprising part of the subaerial Red Sea arm of the Afar triple junction. One of these segments has been active since late 2005 and the other segment is currently inactive. After robust processing and galvanic distortion analysis, we found that the data passed the two-dimensional subsurface resistivity modelling criteria. Profiles across the segments had well-defined geoelectrical strike directions parallel to the local rift axes. Data from the northern end of the active segment had a more ambiguous strike oblique to the profile and rift axes, but the direction did not have a severe impact on the deduced model. All three models displayed prominent zones of low resistivity, interpreted as arising from magma and partial melt. Petrological information has been used to constrain the resistivity of the parent melt and hence to estimate the melt fractions from the bulk resistivity. The total amount of melt estimated beneath the profile crossing the active segment (
c.
500 km
3
) is approximately an order of magnitude greater than that beneath the profile crossing the currently inactive rift. This implies that the availability of magma is at least one factor affecting whether a rift segment is active.
Interpretational variability of structural traps: implications for exploration risk and volume uncertainty
Authors: Richards Francis L. , Richardson Nicholas J. , Bond Clare E. , Cowgill Mark 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Defining the size and shape of hydrocarbon traps is a critical component in estimating the economic value of potential and existing oil and gas fields and is, therefore, a key business risk. Structural traps, defined by fault and fold geometries, form the most common type of hydrocarbon trap, the size estimates of which are based on interpretation of subsurface data, most notably seismic imagery. Interpretation of seismic image data is uncertain, as the subsurface images have limited resolution and quality; in 2D datasets the imagery is spatially limited and the interpretation requires interpolation between images. Here we present data from top reservoir maps created by eight interpretation teams, each of which interpreted a grid of 2D seismic sections at a regular spacing of 1 km, over a 220 km
2
area. The resultant maps are compared for interpretation variability. Fault statistics have been generated for each map and compared with analogue datasets to aid in the identification of anomalous interpretations, and to create a likelihood rank for each map. The structural traps identified by each team are compared, and the two largest traps are assessed for their potential trapped hydrocarbon volume. An initial volume and a corrected volume, accounting for potential fault seal breach by reservoir–reservoir juxtaposition across the trap-defining faults, are calculated. The integrated analysis of the multiple interpretations: (a) captures the interpretational uncertainty, (b) determines the likeliness (or risk) of each interpretation being valid, when compared with analogue datasets and (c) assesses the impact of each interpretation on the economic viability of potential prospects (defined by structural traps).
Immunosuppressive and Prometastatic Functions of Myeloid-Derived Suppressive Cells Rely upon Education from Tumor-Associated B Cells
Authors: Bodogai Monica , Moritoh Kanako , Lee-Chang Catalina , Hollander Christine M. , Sherman-Baust Cheryl A. , Wersto Robert P. , Araki Yoshihiko , Miyoshi Ichiro , Yang Li , Trinchieri Giorgio , Biragyn Arya 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMyeloid-derived suppressive cells (MDSC) have been reported to promote metastasis, but the loss of cancer-induced B cells/B regulatory cells (tBreg) can block metastasis despite MDSC expansion in cancer. Here, using multiple murine tumor models and human MDSC, we show that MDSC populations that expand in cancer have only partially primed regulatory function and limited prometastatic activity unless they are fully educated by tBregs. Cancer-induced tBregs directly activate the regulatory function of both the monocyte and granulocyte subpopulations of MDSC, relying, in part, on TgfβR1/TgfβR2 signaling. MDSC fully educated in this manner exhibit an increased production of reactive oxygen species and NO and more efficiently suppress CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, thereby promoting tumor growth and metastasis. Thus, loss of tBregs or TgfβR deficiency in MDSC is sufficient to disable their suppressive function and to block metastasis. Overall, our data indicate that cancer-induced B cells/B regulatory cells are important regulators of the immunosuppressive and prometastatic functions of MDSC. Cancer Res; 75(17); 3456–65. ©2015 AACR.
Preclinical Characterization of Novel Chordoma Cell Systems and Their Targeting by Pharmocological Inhibitors of the CDK4/6 Cell-Cycle Pathway
Authors: von Witzleben Adrian , Goerttler Lukas T. , Marienfeld Ralf , Barth Holger , Lechel André , Mellert Kevin , Böhm Michael , Kornmann Marko , Mayer-Steinacker Regine , von Baer Alexandra , Schultheiss Markus , Flanagan Adrienne M. , Möller Peter , Brüderlein Silke , Barth Thomas F.E. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Chordomas are tumors that arise at vertebral bodies and the base of the skull. Although rare in incidence, they are deadly owing to slow growth and a lack of effective therapeutic options. In this study, we addressed the need for chordoma cell systems that can be used to identify therapeutic targets and empower testing of candidate pharmacologic drugs. Eight human chordoma cell lines that we established exhibited cytology, genomics, mRNA, and protein profiles that were characteristic of primary chordomas. Candidate responder profiles were identified through an immunohistochemical analysis of a chordoma tissue bank of 43 patients. Genomic, mRNA, and protein expression analyses confirmed that the new cell systems were highly representative of chordoma tissues. Notably, all cells exhibited a loss of CDKN2A and p16, resulting in universal activation of the CDK4/6 and Rb pathways. Therefore, we investigated the CDK4/6 pathway and responses to the CDK4/6–specific inhibitor palbociclib. In the newly validated system, palbociclib treatment efficiently inhibited tumor cell growth in vitro and a drug responder versus nonresponder molecular signature was defined on the basis of immunohistochemical expression of CDK4/6/pRb (S780). Overall, our work offers a valuable new tool for chordoma studies including the development of novel biomarkers and molecular targeting strategies. Cancer Res; 75(18); 3823–31. ©2015 AACR.
Experimental Corpus of the Lithuanian Local Dialect of Punsk in Poland. Examples of the Lexical and Semantic Annotation
Authors: Roszko Danuta 
Published: July 2015

Experimental Corpus of the Lithuanian Local Dialect of Punsk in Poland. Examples of the Lexical and Semantic AnnotationIn the article the author describes the experimental corpus of the Lithuanian local dialect of Puńsk in Poland (ECorp-of-Punsk). It is the first corpus of this type for the Lithuanian local dialect. The corpus consists of three subcorpora. The first one (referred to as fundamental) contains utterances given by Lithuanians in the local dialect, the second one – utterances given by Lithuanians in Polish, the third one – aligned Polish-dialectal texts. The texts recorded in the years 1986–2012 have been included in the Ecorp-of-Punsk resources.
„No i co z tego”. O dyskusji wokół "Kamieni na szaniec" Aleksandra Kamińskiego z Bożeną Keff, Magdą Szcześniak, Tomaszem Tomasikiem i Błażejem Warkockim rozmawia Anna Zawadzka
Authors: Zawadzka Anna 
Published: July 2015

“So what?” Bożena Keff, Magda Szcześniak, Tomasz Tomasik & Błażej Warkocki in a conversation with Anna ZawadzkaIn April 2013, the Polish Press Agency published an article in which Elżbieta Janicka proposed a new interpretations of Stones on the barricades. She claimed i.a.: ”Since we are deliberating, placed in a ho-mophobic culture, where questioning someone’s heterosexual orientation is not an observation but a de­lation, I would compare Zośka and Rudy to Achilles and Patroclus, a pair of legendary warriors. […] I think that this is one of the most beautiful texts about love knowing no limits, whereas all we know about the main characters’ relations testifies to the unheard power and depth of this feeling”. Those words caused an avalanche of reactions, starting from polemics with Janicka or libels on her to violence threats against the scholar. In this conversation, Bożena Keff, Magda Szcześniak, Tomasz Tomasik, Błażej Warkocki and Anna Zawadzka are discussing Janicka’s proposition (developed in her book Festung Warschau, published prior to the quoted text) to interpret Stones on the barricades as a text also on a romantic relationship between two men. They analyse social and political causes of the “scandal”, induced by the Polish mainstream media together with a part of the Polish academic milieu. This conversation took place in May 2013. „No i co z tego”. O dyskusji wokół Kamieni na szaniec Aleksandra Kamińskiego z Bożeną Keff, Magdą Szcześniak, Tomaszem Tomasikiem i Błażejem Warkockim rozmawia Anna ZawadzkaW kwietniu 2013 roku Polska Agencja Prasowa opublikowała artykuł, w którym Elżbieta Janicka proponowała nowe interpretacje Kamieni na szaniec. Janicka mówiła m.in.: „Ponieważ rozmawiamy w kulturze homofobicznej, gdzie zakwestionowanie czyjejś heteroseksualnej orientacji nie jest konstatacją, lecz denuncjacją, porównałabym Zośkę i Rudego do Achillesa i Patroklesa, pary legendarnych wojowników. [...] Uważam, że to jeden z najpiękniejszych tekstów o miłości nieznającej granic, zaś cała wiedza na temat relacji bohaterów świadczy o niespotykanej sile i głębi tego uczucia”. Słowa te wywołały lawinę reakcji: od polemik z Janicką, przez paszkwile na nią, po groźby przemocy wobec niej. W niniejszej rozmowie Bożena Keff, Magda Szcześniak, Tomasz Tomasik, Błażej Warkocki i Anna Zawadzka dyskutują o propozycji Janickiej (rozwiniętej we wcześniejszej wobec cytowanego tekstu książce Elżbiety Janickiej Festung Warschau), by interpretować Kamienie na szaniec jako tekst także o romantycznej relacji między mężczyznami, oraz analizują społeczne i polityczne przyczyny „skandalu”, jaki wokół wywiadu z Janicką wywołały polskie media głównego nurtu oraz część polskiego środowiska akademickiego. Rozmowa odbyła się w maju 2013 roku.
Reference points of European identity: conceptualizing identity beyond the nation-state
Authors: Kohler Manfred 
Published: July 2015

Reference points of European identity: conceptualizing identity beyond the nation-stateThis article formulates and introduces a comprehensive conceptual framework for understanding the nature and characteristics of collective (state) identities, especially European identity here. This conceptual framework shall give impetus to conduct new and comprehensive research on collective (state) identities in and beyond the nation-state. It has the advantage of being applicable to all kinds of collective identities – from simple private associations, complex nation-states and supra- or trans- national political systems like that of the European Union. Punkty odniesienia tożsamości europejskiej: konceptualizacja tożsamości poza obrębem państwa narodowegoNiniejszy artykuł formułuje i wprowadza szerokie ramy pojęciowe dla wszechstronnego zrozumienia natury i charakteru tożsamości zbiorowych (państwowych), szczególnie zaś tożsamości europejskiej. Owe ramy pojęciowe powinny stworzyć impuls dla podjęcia nowych, kompleksowych studiów nad tożsamościami zbiorowościowymi (państwowymi) zarówno w obrębie państwa narodowego, jak i poza nim. Zaletą przedstawionego w artykule ujęcia jest to, że możliwe jest jego zastosowanie w odniesieniu do jak najbardziej zróżnicowanych tożsamości – od prostych prywatnych stowarzyszeń przez złożone państwa narodowe do ponad- i międzynarodowych systemów politycznych, takich jak Unia Europejska.
A Linearized Prognostic Cloud Scheme in NASA’s Goddard Earth Observing System Data Assimilation Tools
Authors: Holdaway Daniel , Errico Ronald , Gelaro Ronald , Kim Jong G. , Mahajan Rahul 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A linearized prognostic cloud scheme has been developed to accompany the linearized convection scheme recently implemented in NASA’s Goddard Earth Observing System data assimilation tools. The linearization, developed from the nonlinear cloud scheme, treats cloud variables prognostically so they are subject to linearized advection, diffusion, generation, and evaporation. Four linearized cloud variables are modeled, the ice and water phases of clouds generated by large-scale condensation and, separately, by detraining convection. For each species the scheme models their sources, sublimation, evaporation, and autoconversion. Large-scale, anvil and convective species of precipitation are modeled and evaporated. The cloud scheme exhibits linearity and realistic perturbation growth, except around the generation of clouds through large-scale condensation. Discontinuities and steep gradients are widely used here and severe problems occur in the calculation of cloud fraction. For data assimilation applications this poor behavior is controlled by replacing this part of the scheme with a perturbation model. For observation impacts, where efficiency is less of a concern, a filtering is developed that examines the Jacobian. The replacement scheme is only invoked if Jacobian elements or eigenvalues violate a series of tuned constants. The linearized prognostic cloud scheme is tested by comparing the linear and nonlinear perturbation trajectories for 6-, 12-, and 24-h forecast times. The tangent linear model performs well and perturbations of clouds are well captured for the lead times of interest.
Reassessing the Use of Inner-Core Hot Towers to Predict Tropical Cyclone Rapid Intensification*
Authors: Zhuge Xiao-Yong , Ming Jie , Wang Yuan 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The hot tower (HT) in the inner core plays an important role in tropical cyclone (TC) rapid intensification (RI). With the help of Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) data and the Statistical Hurricane Intensity Prediction Scheme dataset, the potential of HTs in operational RI prediction is reassessed in this study. The stand-alone HT-based RI prediction scheme showed little skill in the northern Atlantic (NA) and eastern and central Pacific (ECP), but yielded skill scores of &gt;0.3 in the southern Indian Ocean (SI) and western North Pacific (WNP) basins. The inaccurate predictions are due to four scenarios: 1) RI events may have already begun prior to the TRMM overpass. 2) RI events are driven by non-HT factors. 3) The HT has already dissipated or has not occurred at the TRMM overpass time. 4) Large false alarms result from the unfavorable environment. When the HT was used in conjunction with the TC’s previous 12-h intensity change, the potential intensity, the percentage area from 50 to 200 km of cloud-top brightness temperatures lower than −10°C, and the 850–200-hPa vertical shear magnitude with the vortex removed, the predictive skill score in the SI was 0.56. This score was comparable to that of the RI index scheme, which is considered the most advanced RI prediction method. When the HT information was combined with the aforementioned four environmental factors in the NA, ECP, South Pacific, and WNP, the skill scores were 0.23, 0.32, 0.42, and 0.42, respectively.
Epidemiology, neurobiology and pharmacological interventions related to suicide deaths and suicide attempts in bipolar disorder: Part I of a report of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force on Suicide in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Schaffer Ayal , Isometsä Erkki T , Tondo Leonardo , Moreno Doris H , Sinyor Mark , Kessing Lars Vedel , Turecki Gustavo , Weizman Abraham , Azorin Jean-Michel , Ha Kyooseob , Reis Catherine , Cassidy Frederick , Goldstein Tina , Rihmer Zoltán , Beautrais Annette , Chou Yuan-Hwa , Diazgranados Nancy , Levitt Anthony J , Zarate Carlos A , Yatham Lakshmi 
Published: July 2015

Objectives: Bipolar disorder is associated with elevated risk of suicide attempts and deaths. Key aims of the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force on Suicide included examining the extant literature on epidemiology, neurobiology and pharmacotherapy related to suicide attempts and deaths in bipolar disorder. Methods: Systematic review of studies from 1 January 1980 to 30 May 2014 examining suicide attempts or deaths in bipolar disorder, with a specific focus on the incidence and characterization of suicide attempts and deaths, genetic and non-genetic biological studies and pharmacotherapy studies specific to bipolar disorder. We conducted pooled, weighted analyses of suicide rates. Results: The pooled suicide rate in bipolar disorder is 164 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval = [5, 324]). Sex-specific data on suicide rates identified a 1.7:1 ratio in men compared to women. People with bipolar disorder account for 3.4–14% of all suicide deaths, with self-poisoning and hanging being the most common methods. Epidemiological studies report that 23–26% of people with bipolar disorder attempt suicide, with higher rates in clinical samples. There are numerous genetic associations with suicide attempts and deaths in bipolar disorder, but few replication studies. Data on treatment with lithium or anticonvulsants are strongly suggestive for prevention of suicide attempts and deaths, but additional data are required before relative anti-suicide effects can be confirmed. There were limited data on potential anti-suicide effects of treatment with antipsychotics or antidepressants. Conclusion: This analysis identified a lower estimated suicide rate in bipolar disorder than what was previously published. Understanding the overall risk of suicide deaths and attempts, and the most common methods, are important building blocks to greater awareness and improved interventions for suicide prevention in bipolar disorder. Replication of genetic findings and stronger prospective data on treatment options are required before more decisive conclusions can be made regarding the neurobiology and specific treatment of suicide risk in bipolar disorder.
Hearing Outcomes after Revision Stapedectomy Managed with Total Ossicular Prostheses
Authors: Lupo J. Eric , Strickland Brian M. , House John W. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives(1) To describe the use of total ossicular prostheses (TOPs) in the setting of stapedectomy requiring an incus bypass procedure. (2) To analyze the short‐ and long‐term audiometric results of TOP utilization in the setting of stapedectomy for an incus bypass procedure.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary neurotologic referral center.Subjects and MethodsSeventeen cases of TOP reconstruction after stapedectomy were performed due to advanced incus erosion. The cases were assessed for pre‐ and postoperative bone conduction and air conduction pure‐tone averages (PTAs; 0.5, 1, 2, 3 kHz), including high‐tone bone conduction (1, 2, 4 kHz), air‐bone gap, and speech discrimination scores. Hearing outcomes were measured: short‐term (3 weeks) and long‐term (average, 22 months).ResultsAmong 17 ears undergoing revision stapedectomy managed with TOP reconstruction, the average number of previous revision attempts was 1.0 (SD, 1; range, 1‐5). The preoperative bone conduction PTA was 30.7 dB preoperatively, while the preoperative air conduction PTA was 64.3 dB. The mean postoperative air‐bone gap significantly decreased to 18.9 dB (SD, 12.7; range, 5‐46.25; P <. 003) with a mean follow‐up of 22.2 months (SD, 25.0; range, 0.75‐78). No significant decrement in high‐tone bone conduction PTA was observed (mean, 0 dB; SD, 12.8; range, –36.7 to 20; P =. 427); however, 1 ear revealed a severe decrease in PTA and speech discrimination score postoperatively. No further revisions were noted in follow‐up.ConclusionTOP reconstruction in the setting of previous revision stapedectomy with limited incudovestibular reconstructive options may lead to favorable hearing outcomes, but it carries an increased risk of sensorineural hearing loss.