bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype moderates the effect of disorganized attachment on social development in young children
Authors: Hygen Beate Wold , Guzey Ismail Cuneyt , Belsky Jay , Berg-Nielsen Turid Suzanne , Wichstrøm Lars 
Published: June 2014

AbstractChildren with histories of disorganized attachment exhibit diverse problems, possibly because disorganization takes at least two distinctive forms as children age: controlling–punitive and controlling–caregiving. This variation in the developmental legacy of disorganization has been attributed primarily to variations in children's rearing experiences. Here an alternative explanation of these divergent sequelae of disorganization is evaluated: one focused on genotype. Structural equation modeling was applied to data on 704 Norwegian children to test whether the catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met genotype moderates the effect of disorganized attachment, which was measured dimensionally at 4 years of age using the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task, on changes in aggressive behavior and social competence from ages 4 to 6. Children who scored high on disorganization and were homozygous for the valine allele displayed significantly greater increases in aggression and decreases in self-oriented social skills (e.g., self-regulation and assertiveness) over time than did their disorganized counterparts carrying the methionine allele, whereas disorganized children carrying the methionine allele increased their other-oriented social skill (e.g., cooperation and responsibility) scores more than did valine-homozygous children. These results are consistent with the controlling–punitive and controlling–caregiving behaviors observed in disorganized children, suggesting that the children's genotype contributed to variations in the social development of disorganized children.
Developmental trajectories of anxious and depressive problems during the transition from childhood to adolescence: Personality × Parenting interactions
Authors: Prinzie Peter , van Harten Leanthe V. , Deković Maja , van den Akker Alithe L. , Shiner Rebecca L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study examined separate developmental trajectories of anxious and depressive symptoms from childhood to adolescence (9–15 years) in a community-based sample (N= 290). At three measurement points, mothers and fathers reported on their children's anxious and depressive symptoms, and at Time 1 they reported on lower order child personality facets and on their parenting. By means of growth mixture modeling, three developmental trajectories were identified for anxious symptoms: steady low (82%), moderate increasing–decreasing (5.9%), and high declining groups (12.1%). For depressive symptoms, two developmental trajectories were found: steady low (94.1%) and moderate increasing groups (5.9%). Higher shyness, irritability, and altruism predicted membership in more problematic anxious and depressive groups. The personality facets energy, optimism, compliance, and anxiety were unique predictors for class membership for anxious symptoms, and the effects of shyness, irritability, and compliance were moderated by overreactive parenting. Shyness and irritability increased the probability of following the moderate increasing–decreasing anxiety trajectory, but only in the context of high or average levels of overreactive parenting. Compliance increased the probability of following the moderate increasing–decreasing and high decreasing trajectories in the context of high overreactive parenting. Our results indicate that childhood personality facets differentiate trajectories of anxious and depressive symptoms in theoretically compelling ways.
Social attribution skills of children born preterm at very low birth weight
Authors: Williamson Kathryn E. , Jakobson Lorna S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractChildren born prematurely at very low birth weight (<1500 g) are at increased risk for impairments affecting social functioning, including autism spectrum disorders (e.g., Johnson et al., 2010). In the current study, we used the Happé–Frith animated triangles task (Abell, Happé, & Frith, 2000) to study social attribution skills in this population. In this task, typical viewers attribute intentionality and mental states to shapes, based on characteristics of their movements. Participants included 34 preterm children and 36 full-term controls, aged 8–11 years. Groups were comparable in terms of age at test, gender, handedness, and socioeconomic status; they also performed similarly on tests of selective attention/processing speed and verbal intelligence. Relative to full-term peers, preterm children's descriptions of the animations were less appropriate overall; they also overattributed intentionality/mental states to randomly moving shapes and underattributed intentionality/mental states to shapes that seemed to be interacting socially. Impairments in the ability to infer the putative mental states of triangles from movement cues alone were most evident in children displaying more “autistic-like” traits, and this may reflect atypical development of and/or functioning in, or atypical connections between, parts of the social brain.
Seasonal influence on dormancy alleviation inDodonaea viscosa(Sapindaceae) seeds
Authors: Jaganathan Ganesh K. , Liu Baolin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractSeeds ofDodonaea viscosa(Sapindaceae) have a water-impermeable seed coat, i.e. physical dormancy (PY). Although mechanical scarification, dry heat, sulphuric acid and hot water treatment make seeds permeable under laboratory conditions, the mechanisms by which dormancy is alleviated in natural environments have not yet been understood completely. The present investigation aims to understand the pattern of dormancy alleviation inD. viscosaseeds using an artificial burial approach for 2 years. Freshly collected seeds held in hydrated soil at 10/20°C, 15/20°C, 15/30°C, 20/35°C and 25°C for 32 weeks germinated to less than 15%, irrespective of storage temperature. Dry storage of seeds at 15, 20, 25 and 30°C for 1 year did not break dormancy. Hot water treatment at 80 and 90°C for 30 s broke dormancy in 90% of the seeds. On the other hand, burying seeds at a depth of 3–5 cm in the natural environment for 2 years increased germination from 7 to 71%. In particular, seeds exhumed after summer in both years showed a significant increase in germination percentage(P< 0.05). However, seeds buried after summer did not germinate to a higher percentage when exhumed prior to summer. We suggest that a high summer temperature, rising above 60°C in the top soil layer of the tropics, is a likely factor breaking dormancy. Most seeds germinated during burial, which indicates that light is not a cue for germination. We conclude that germination ofD. viscosafollowing summer is an adaptive mechanism to tolerate summer droughts, which are common in the dry tropics.
Opt-Outs and Upgrades
Authors: STAMMERS TREVOR , JAMES MATT 
Published: June 2014

Abstract:We report on two areas in which UK law and ethics seem out of step with each
other. 2013 saw the passing of the Human Transplantation (Wales) Bill, which
will introduce an opt-out system of organ donation in Wales from 2015. In the
first section, we discuss the convoluted evolution of the Bill and some
potential problems that we consider may prevent it from achieving its intended
goal of increasing the number of organs transplanted. The prospect of being able
to enhance human cognition through cognitive-enhancing drugs (“smart
drugs”) also presents a nexus of questions associated with future
ambitions, hopes, and concerns as a society. How these drugs might affect the
future of work and employment is beginning to generate wide public engagement in
the UK and forms the focus of the second section.
Closure of Fontan fenestration with the use of covered stents: short- and mid-term results in a cohort of 50 patients
Authors: Malekzadeh-Milani Sophie , Ladouceur Magalie , Bajolle Fanny , Bonnet Damien , Boudjemline Younes 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective: The use of covered stents to close fenestration in total cavopulmonary connection is presented. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data of all patients undergoing the procedure of a covered stent to close fenestration of total cavopulmonary connection between 2005 and 2012. Results: A total of 50 patients met the inclusion criteria. Median age and weight were 7.7 years and 20 kg, respectively. Median interval between Fontan completion and fenestration closure was 13 months. The femoral vein was used in 42 patients and the jugular vein in eight patients. Of the patients, seven received two stents. Covered stents were CP stents in 42 patients and Atrium Advanta V12 in eight patients. BIB balloons were used in 24 patients and simple balloons in 18 patients. Simultaneous occlusion of venous collaterals was observed in five patients. Median procedural and fluoroscopy times were 49 and 8 minutes, respectively. Mean central venous pressure rose from 10 to 12 mmHg. Mean oxygen saturation increased from 88% to 96%. Full occlusion was confirmed in 47 patients. The remaining had residual shunts: two patients had intracardiac Fontan, and one patient had a stent that could not be fully opened. Following the procedure, five patients had local bleeding, and three delayed discharge 48 hours after the procedure. There was no thromboembolic event after a mean follow-up of 49 months. Conclusion: Covered stent is a good option to close fenestration in extracardiac total cavopulmonary connection. It is safe, easily achievable with low fluoroscopy time, with very low risk of complication or failure. Good results are sustainable when excluding patients with none circular pathway.
Risk perception is not associated with attendance at a preventive intervention for type 2 diabetes mellitus among South Asians at risk of diabetes
Authors: Vlaar Everlina MA , Nierkens Vera , Nicolaou Mary , Middelkoop Barend JC , Stronks Karien , van Valkengoed Irene GM 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between risk perception and attendance in a diabetes prevention programme among South Asians with a high risk for diabetes.DesignAn observational study. We measured risk perception during the baseline interview with causal beliefs, perceived susceptibility and perceived controllability. We used logistic regression to examine the relationship between risk perception and attendance. We adjusted for relevant sociodemographic factors, screening results and psychosocial factors.SettingThe Hague, the Netherlands.SubjectsFive hundred and thirty-five Hindustani Surinamese (South Asians) aged 18–60 years from a lifestyle-versus-control intervention for the prevention of diabetes.ResultsIn total, 68·2 % attended the lifestyle or control intervention. Participants perceived lifestyle and heredity to increase the risk of diabetes and perceived increasing physical activity to decrease it. Only 44·2 % of the participants perceived themselves as susceptible to diabetes and only those who perceived a family history of diabetes as a cause of diabetes appeared to be more inclined to attend. However, after adjustment for confounding, the association was not statistically significant.ConclusionsRisk perception was not significantly associated with attendance. The results suggest that increasing the risk perception alone in this South Asian population is unlikely to increase the attendance at a diabetes prevention programme.
Characterization of the Vasa Vasorum in the Human Great Saphenous Vein: A Scanning Electron Microscopy and 3D-Morphometry Study Using Vascular Corrosion Casts
Authors: Herbst Markus , Hölzenbein Thomas Joachim , Minnich Bernd 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe vasa vasorum (VV) of explanted segments of the human great saphenous vein (Vena saphena magna; HGSV), harvested during dissection for coronary bypass grafts or diseased vein segments from the “Salzburger Landesklinikum,” were studied by scanning electron microscopy and three-dimensional morphometry of microvascular corrosion casts. The main objective of this study was to examine the VV’s structural arrangement in order to find the most vital segments of the HGSV and in turn to improve the results of coronary bypass surgeries. The study presents a meticulous analysis of the whole microvascular system of the VV of the HGSV and its three-dimensional arrangement. It is one of the first studies yielding detailed quantitative data on geometry of the VV of the HGSV. A detailed insight into different vascular parameters such as vessel diameter, interbranching, intervascular distances, and branching angles at different levels of the VV’s angioarchitecture and in different parts of the HGSV in health and disease is given. Further, the geometry of bifurcations was examined in order to compute the physiological optimality principles of this delicate vascular system based on its construction, maintenance, and function.
Analysis of payout choice from individual deferred annuities in Korea
Authors: LEE KYONGHEE 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe analyse annuitization rates by policyholders with individual deferred annuities in Korea to assess the impact of different tax policies on payout decisions between 2008 and 2011. Under the Korean tax system, two types of individual deferred annuities were sold: qualified (taxed for lump sums) and non-qualified (tax free for lump sums). Our results show that policyholders with qualified contracts are more likely to select a life annuity option than a lump-sum distribution, compared to policyholders of non-qualified contracts. This suggests that policyholders are more likely to use non-qualified contracts as savings vehicles than as longevity insurance.
Three-Dimensional Microstructural Imaging of Sulfur Poisoning-Induced Degradation in a Ni-YSZ Anode of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Harris William M. , Lombardo Jeffrey J. , Nelson George J. , Lai Barry , Wang Steve , Vila-Comamala Joan , Liu Mingfei , Liu Meilin , Chiu Wilson K. S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFollowing exposure to ppm-level hydrogen sulfide at elevated temperatures, a section of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Ni-YSZ anode was examined using a combination of synchrotron-based x-ray nanotomography and x-ray fluorescence techniques. While fluorescence measurements provided elemental identification and coarse spatial mapping, x-ray nanotomography was used to map the detailed 3-D spatial distribution of Ni, YSZ and a nickel-sulfur poisoning phase. The nickel-sulfur layer was found to form a scale covering most of the exposed nickel surface, blocking most fuel reformation and hydrogen oxidation reaction sites. Although the exposure conditions precluded the ability to develop a detailed kinetic description of the nickel-sulfur phase formation, the results provide strong evidence of the detrimental effects of 100 ppm hydrogen sulfide on typical Ni-YSZ anode materials.
Family of single‐switch quasi‐resonant converters with reduced inductor size
Authors: Sharifi Saead , Jabbari Masoud 
Published: June 2014

This study presents a family of single‐switch soft‐switching converters with 18 new topologies. The passive elements include two relatively small inductors and one resonant capacitor. The switch can be half‐wave or full‐wave which turns on and turns off at zero‐current switching (ZCS). The diode is turned off at ZCS and thus its reverse recovery problem is obviated. The converters operate at discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) and continuous conduction mode (CCM) depending on the load current. For the full‐wave switch, an almost constant switching frequency is attained at CCM. The presented experimental results from a 200 W/185 kHz laboratory prototype confirm the presented theoretical analysis. For this prototype, the switching frequency variation at CCM is only 70 Hz/W.
Statistical analysis on measured lightning overvoltage surges in a 110 kV air‐insulated substation
Authors: Sima Wenxia , Lan Xing , Yang Qing , Yuan Tao 
Published: June 2014

The wide variety of lightning stroke characteristics and the modifying effects of power system components result in a diversity of intrusive lightning voltage waveshapes that stress transformers. These are not the traditional standard lightning impulses with a waveshape of 1.2/50 μs. Therefore the applicability of the standard lightning impulse voltage to power transformer testing has been questioned, and the overvoltage used in the test on transformers should be in accordance with the lightning overvoltage measured in the field. In this study, a lightning overvoltage monitoring system was installed in a 110 kV air‐insulated substation, and the lightning overvoltages from 2007 to 2012 have been measured. Analysis was conducted on the measured data, which indicated that bidirectional oscillatory lightning waveforms rose up in the measured overvoltages. Using the energy method, the bidirectional oscillatory lightning waveform was reformulated into double exponential waveform, and the characteristic parameters, such as peak amplitude, front time and tail time, of the measured data were statistically analysed.
LES analysis of the flow in a simplified PWR assembly with mixing grid
Authors: Bieder Ulrich , Falk Francois 
Published: June 2014

The flow in fuel assemblies of PWRs with mixing grids has been analyzed with CFD calculations by numerous authors. The comparisons between calculation and experiment are focused on the flow in the near wake of the mixing grid, i.e. on the flow in the first 10 to 20 hydraulic diameters (dh) downstream of the grid. In the study presented here, the comparison between the measurements in the AGATE facility (5x5 tube bundle) and Trio_U calculations is done for the whole distance between two successive mixing grids that is up to 0.6m downstream of the grid.
The AGATE experiments have originally not been designed for CFD validation but to characterize different types of mixing grids. Nevertheless, the quality of the experimental data allows the quantitative comparison between measurement and calculation. The conclusions of the comparison are summarized below:

Linear turbulent viscosity models seem to work rather well as long as the cross flow velocity in the rod gaps is advection controlled, that is directly downstream of the mixing grid,
Further downstream, when the cross flow velocity is reduced and isotropic turbulence becomes a more and more important mixing phenomena, linear viscosity models will fail,
The mixing grid affects the cross flow velocity up to the successive grid at a distance of about 50dh. The flow in fuel assemblies is never similar to that in undisturbed rod bundles.
The test section of the AGATE facility has been discretized on 300 million control volumes by using a staggered grid approach on tetrahedral meshes. 20 days of CPU on 4600 nodes of the HPC machine CURIE of the CCRT was necessary to calculate the statistics of the turbulent flow, in particular the mean velocity and the RMS of the turbulent fluctuations.
A Hybrid Ant Colony Algorithm for Loading Pattern Optimization
Authors: Hoareau F. 
Published: June 2014

Electricité de France (EDF) operates 58 nuclear power plant (NPP), of the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) type. The loading pattern (LP) optimization of these NPP is currently done by EDF expert engineers. Within this framework, EDF R&D has developed automatic optimization tools that assist the experts. The latter can resort, for instance, to a loading pattern optimization software based on ant colony algorithm.
This paper presents an analysis of the search space of a few realistic loading pattern optimization problems. This analysis leads us to introduce a hybrid algorithm based on ant colony and a local search method. We then show that this new algorithm is able to generate loading patterns of good quality.
Generation and Testing of XS Libraries for VVER Using APOLLO2 and TRIPOLI4
Authors: Zheleva Nonka , Petrov Nikolay , Todorova Galina , Kolev Nikola 
Published: June 2014

MOC based calculation schemes with APOLLO2 were used to generate few-group cross-section libraries for VVER-1000 at the nodal and pin level. This paper presents an overview of the testing of the schemes and the libraries, as well as the computational aspects. Two major ameliorations are considered: application of new developments in APOLLO2 and multicore computation for an acceptable trade-off between accuracy and efficiency. Two-level Pij-MOC industrial calculation schemes were tested against TRIPOLI4 reference results. Benchmarking of the schemes shows that the higher-order linear surface method of characteristics (LS MOC) is an efficient option for cross-section library generation. There is a significant potential for further refinement of the MOC energy mesh and the MOC parameters with the progress in distributed computing.
A multi-parameter cross-section library for MSLB analysis with homogenized nodes was tested in 2D core simulation with COBAYA3 vs. whole-core TRIPOLI4 solutions on the CEA CCRT HPC system. Pin-by-pin cross-sections and interface discontinuity factors of Black Box Homogenization type were tested in diffusion calculations with COBAYA3 pin-by-pin against transport reference solutions. Good agreement is displayed.
Processing of the GALILEOTM fuel rod code model uncertainties within the AREVA LWR realistic thermal-mechanical analysis methodology
Authors: Mailhe P. , Barbier B. , Garnier Ch. , Landskron H. , Sedlacek R. , Arimescu I. , Smith M. , Bellanger Ph. 
Published: June 2014

The availability of reliable tools and associated methodology able to accurately predict the LWR fuel behavior in all conditions is of great importance for safe and economic fuel usage. For that purpose, AREVA has developed its new global fuel rod performance code GALILEOTM along with its associated realistic thermal-mechanical analysis methodology. This realistic methodology is based on a Monte Carlo type random sampling of all relevant input variables. After having outlined the AREVA realistic methodology, this paper will be focused on the GALILEOTM code benchmarking process on its extended experimental database and the GALILEOTM model uncertainties assessment. The propagation of these model uncertainties through the AREVA realistic methodology is also presented. This GALILEOTM model uncertainties processing is of the utmost importance for accurate fuel design margin evaluation as illustrated on some application examples.
With the submittal of Topical Report for GALILEOTM to the U.S. NRC in 2013, GALILEOTM and its methodology are on the way to be industrially used in a wide range of irradiation conditions.
Probabilistic approach for decay heat uncertainty estimation using URANIE platform and MENDEL depletion code
Authors: Tsilanizara A. , Gilardi N. , Huynh T.D. , Jouanne C. , Lahaye S. , Martinez J.M. , Diop C.M. 
Published: June 2014

The knowledge of the decay heat quantity and the associated uncertainties are important issues for the safety of nuclear facilities. Many codes are available to estimate the decay heat. ORIGEN, FISPACT, DARWIN/PEPIN2 are part of them. MENDEL is a new depletion code developed at CEA, with new software architecture, devoted to the calculation of physical quantities related to fuel cycle studies, in particular decay heat.The purpose of this paper is to present a probabilistic approach to assess decay heat uncertainty due to the decay data uncertainties from nuclear data evaluation like JEFF-3.1.1 or ENDF/B-VII.1. This probabilistic approach is based both on MENDEL code and URANIE software which is a CEA uncertainty analysis platform. As preliminary applications, single thermal fission of uranium 235, plutonium 239 and PWR UOx spent fuel cell are investigated.