bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CoPixie, a novel algorithm for single-particle track colocalization, enables efficient quantification of telomerase dynamics at telomeres
Authors: Prince Samuel , Maguemoun Kamélia , Ferdebouh Mouna , Querido Emmanuelle , Derumier Amélie , Tremblay Stéphanie , Chartrand Pascal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Single-particle imaging and tracking can be combined with colocalization analysis to study the dynamic interactions between macromolecules in living cells. Indeed, single-particle tracking has been extensively used to study protein–DNA interactions and dynamics. Still, unbiased identification and quantification of binding events at specific genomic loci remains challenging. Herein, we describe CoPixie, a new software that identifies colocalization events between a theoretically unlimited number of imaging channels, including single-particle movies. CoPixie is an object-based colocalization algorithm that relies on both pixel and trajectory overlap to determine colocalization between molecules. We employed CoPixie with live-cell single-molecule imaging of telomerase and telomeres, to test the model that cancer-associated POT1 mutations facilitate telomere accessibility. We show that POT1 mutants Y223C, D224N or K90E increase telomere accessibility for telomerase interaction. However, unlike the POT1-D224N mutant, the POT1-Y223C and POT1-K90E mutations also increase the duration of long-lasting telomerase interactions at telomeres. Our data reveal that telomere elongation in cells expressing cancer-associated POT1 mutants arises from the dual impact of these mutations on telomere accessibility and telomerase retention at telomeres. CoPixie can be used to explore a variety of questions involving macromolecular interactions in living cells, including between proteins and nucleic acids, from multicolor single-particle tracks.
Boosting Smoking Cessation Intervention Utilization in Chinese Health Care Providers: A Randomized Controlled Trial of the “WeChat WeQuit” Medical Education Program
Authors: Wang Yunfei , Peng Pu , Wu Zhenzhen , Liu Yuhang , Wang Chudong , Tang Jinsong , Liao Yanhui 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
In China, standard smoking cessation practices are rarely used by health care service providers (HSPs). WeChat, a popular social media app, has been widely used in China.

Aims and Methods
In this single-blind, randomized trial, undertaken in China with 8-week interventions and follow-up to 34 weeks, 1887 HSPs were randomly selected to the intervention (n = 942) or control group (n = 945) from October 2020 to October 2021. The intervention group received regular smoking cessation training program messages from the professional team for 8 weeks and followed for 34 weeks. The control group received thanks messages for 8 weeks, and follow-up to 34 weeks. Both groups received a hard copy of the manual after randomization. The primary outcome measure was the utilization rate of behavioral and pharmacotherapy interventions for smoking patients from 9 to 34 weeks. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (number NCT03556774).

Results
HSPs in the intervention group demonstrated a better overall utilization rate of smoking cessation at 20-week follow-up compared to the control group (35.54% vs. 31.41%, p = .036). Additionally, both groups showed a significant increase in the adoption of various components of the 5A’s model—including “Assess,” “Assist: set a quit date,” “Assist: recommend cessation program,” “Assist: provide information,” “Assist: recommend medication,” and “Arrange”—at the 9-week follow-up relative to baseline. Notably, at the 20-week follow-up, the intervention group reported significantly enhanced utilization rates for all these components, except “Assist: set a quit date.”

Conclusions
The “WeChat WeQuit” training program effectively enhanced smoking cessation intervention adoption among Chinese HSPs.

Implications
“WeChat WeQuit” training program was effective in increasing the provision of effective tobacco cessation interventions by Chinese-speaking HSPs to patients with cigarette smoking, which could provide valuable insights into bridging the gap between need and services for smoking cessation in China.
External Validation of Serologic Scores for the Detection of Liver Steatosis Among People With HIV
Authors: Riebensahm Carlotta , Brocker Julia , Berzigotti Annalisa , Günthard Huldrych F , Tarr Philip E , Furrer Hansjakob , Rauch Andri , Wandeler Gilles , Surial Bernard ,   Swiss HIV Cohort Study, Abela I , Aebi-Popp K , Anagnostopoulos A , Battegay M , Bernasconi E , Braun D L , Bucher H C , Calmy A , Cavassini M , Ciuffi A , Dollenmaier G , Egger M , Elzi L , Fehr J , Fellay J , Furrer H , Fux C A , Günthard H F , Hachfeld A , Haerry D , Hasse B , Hirsch H H , Hoffmann M , Hösli I , Huber M , Jackson-Perry D , Kahlert C R , Keiser O , Klimkait T , Kouyos R D , Kovari H , Kusejko K , Labhardt N , Leuzinger K , Martinez de Tejada B , Marzolini C , Metzner K J , Müller N , Nemeth J , Nicca D , Notter J , Paioni P , Pantaleo G , Perreau M , Rauch A , Salazar-Vizcaya L , Schmid P , Speck R , Stöckle M , Tarr P , Trkola A , Wandeler G , Weisser M , Yerly S 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundFatty liver index (FLI) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) are serologic scores used to detect liver steatosis. However, their diagnostic performance in people with HIV (PWH) remains unclear. We performed an external validation of FLI and HSI in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study.MethodsWe systematically performed vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) among Swiss HIV Cohort Study participants at Bern University Hospital between November 2019 and August 2021. Individuals with viral hepatitis and pregnant women were excluded. We defined liver steatosis as controlled attenuation parameter ≥248 dB/m using VCTE. Model discrimination was assessed with the C-index and model calibration with calibration plots. A decision curve analysis was performed to compare the clinical usefulness of both scores.ResultsOf 321 participants, 91 (28.4%) were female, the median age was 51.4 years (IQR, 42–59), 230 (71.7%) were Caucasian, and 164 (51.1%) had a body mass index &gt;25 kg/m2. VCTE-confirmed liver steatosis was present in 158 (49.2%). Overall, 125 (38.9%) had an FLI ≥60, and 128 (39.9%) had an HSI ≥36. At these cutoffs, the C-index to diagnose liver steatosis was 0.85 for FLI (95% CI, .80–.89) and 0.78 for HSI (95% CI, .73–.83). Whereas FLI was well calibrated, HSI overestimated the risk for steatosis. Both models showed a positive net benefit, with FLI having a greater net benefit when compared with HSI.ConclusionsFLI and HSI are valid tools to detect liver steatosis in PWH. FLI should be the preferred score, given its better performance and greater clinical usefulness.
Lower Rates of Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection in Patients on Hemodialysis Receiving Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Melioidosis Prophylaxis
Authors: Bryce Aliya , Davison Sara , Currie Bart J , Birrell Johanna M , Baird Robert W , Abeyaratne Asanga , Majoni Sandawana William , Brewster-O’Brien Teana , Tong Steven Y C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hemodialysis is a risk factor for Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (SAB). In this single-center study, SAB rates were 56% lower during the monsoonal wet season when patients on hemodialysis receive supervised melioidosis prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. This intervention may reduce SAB rates in high-risk patients; however, further targeted studies are required.
No small dilemma: small bowel volvulus mimicking acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Armas Cristian D , Bademian Sean , Kcomt Mikaela , Burgess Jessica , Qiao Xian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Acute abdominal pathologies can cause electrocardiogram (ECG) changes mimicking an acute coronary syndrome (ACS), resulting in diagnostic uncertainty and delay. We report a 65-year-old male with multiple risk factors for ACS who presented with four hours of progressive epigastric and chest pain that resolved in the emergency department. ECG findings were concerning for new deeply inverted T-waves with normal troponins, raising concerns for Wellens Syndrome. Emergent heart catheterization was negative but abdominal computed tomography angiography showed occlusion of the superior mesenteric vessels. Subsequent exploratory laparotomy revealed a small bowel volvulus with extensive necrosis, resulting in a 430 cm resection.
Artificial intelligence-based personalized clinical decision-making for patients with localized prostate cancer: surgery versus radiotherapy
Authors: Liu Yuwei , Zhao Litao , Liu Jiangang , Wang Liang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Surgery and radiotherapy are primary nonconservative treatments for prostate cancer (PCa). However, personalizing treatment options between these treatment modalities is challenging due to unclear criteria. We developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-based model that can identify patients with localized PCa who would benefit more from either radiotherapy or surgery, thereby providing personalized clinical decision-making.

Material and Methods
Data from consecutive patients with localized PCa who received radiotherapy or surgery with complete records of clinicopathological variables and follow-up results in 12 registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were analyzed. Patients from 7 registries were randomly assigned to training (TD) and internal validation datasets (IVD) at a 9:1 ratio. The remaining 5 registries constituted the external validation dataset (EVD). TD was divided into training-radiotherapy (TRD) and training-surgery (TSD) datasets, and IVD was divided into internal-radiotherapy (IRD) and internal-surgery (ISD) datasets. Six models for radiotherapy and surgery were trained using TRD and TSD to predict radiotherapy survival probability (RSP) and surgery survival probability (SSP), respectively. The models with the highest concordance index (C-index) on IRD and ISD were chosen to form the final treatment recommendation model (FTR). FTR recommendations were based on the higher value between RSP and SSP. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated for patients receiving recommended (consistent group) and nonrecommended treatments (inconsistent group), which were compared using the log-rank test.

Results
The study included 118 236 patients, categorized into TD (TRD: 44 621; TSD: 41 500), IVD (IRD: 4949; ISD: 4621), and EVD (22 545). Both radiotherapy and surgery models accurately predicted RSP and SSP (C-index: 0.735-0.787 and 0.769-0.797, respectively). The consistent group exhibited higher survival rates than the inconsistent group, particularly among patients not suitable for active surveillance (P &lt; .001).

Conclusion
FTR accurately identifies patients with localized PCa who would benefit more from either radiotherapy or surgery, offering clinicians an effective AI tool to make informed choices between these 2 treatments.
Wuhan
Authors: Yang Dali L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Dali L. Yang’s Wuhan offers a penetrating study of China’s management of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, a momentous event that has reverberated globally as the most severe pandemic in a century. Yang’s work sheds light on the advantage Chinese health decision makers had, including access to the novel coronavirus’s genomic sequences from several laboratories, as early as the end of December 2019. At this time an emergency action program was initiated to combat the burgeoning outbreak in Wuhan. Regrettably, the severity of the outbreak was grossly underestimated, leading to the adoption of measures that failed to effectively contain the virus. It was only in response to urgent warnings from sources outside Wuhan that national health authorities were spurred to take more decisive action, culminating in the Wuhan lockdown. Wuhan delves into the political, bureaucratic, and cognitive impediments that stymied the flow of crucial information, cultivated an atmosphere of organized silence, and facilitated the uncontrolled escalation of the outbreak in the weeks preceding the lockdown. The book highlights the detrimental effects of fragmented authoritarianism within the Chinese party-state and the strategic leadership weaknesses evident during the outbreak’s early stages. Moreover, it offers fresh insights into the formidable political, organizational, and health-related challenges involved in implementing the mega-lockdown. By examining the crisis’s progression, Wuhan allows readers to evaluate whether and how much of the COVID-19 pandemic could have been prevented. It emphasizes the necessity of transparency, adaptability to emerging information, and candid risk communication during public health crises.
Fragmented Authoritarianism, Inclusion–Exclusion Criteria, and Suppression of Case Submissions
Authors: Yang Dali L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Early in the Wuhan outbreak, a major deficiency was the government’s failure to recognize and test suspected new coronavirus cases in Wuhan in the first half of January 2020, despite reports and warnings from front-line clinicians and hospital administrators. This chapter delves into the reasons behind this inaction, which primarily stem from the strict inclusion–exclusion criteria and political pressures associated with the “two sessions” meetings in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The inclusion–exclusion criteria dictated that exposure to the Huanan Seafood Market was a requisite condition for identifying a case, leading to a substantial underestimation of the outbreak’s severity. Compounding this issue was the prioritization of political interests over scientific evidence, resulting in health leadership suppressing case submissions to present an illusion of control. Despite the growing evidence of sustained human-to-human transmission, the stringent control over information and the adherence to flawed criteria led to a catastrophic public health failure.
The Wall of Silence Surrounding Health Worker Infections
Authors: Yang Dali L. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The previous chapter and this chapter underline the political and institutional dynamics of epidemic information manipulation and concealment leading up to the Wuhan lockdown and the fissures of fragmented authoritarianism. This chapter focuses on the second National Health Commission expert group’s visit to Wuhan from January 8 to 16, 2020, tasked with assessing the outbreak’s severity. Amid mounting pressures in Wuhan’s major hospitals and increasing rumors of healthcare worker infections, the expert team faced resistance when they pushed for disclosure of suspected cases. Key local authorities received crucial alerts about the severity of the outbreak around January 11–12, 2020, including information about health worker infections. However, within the context of fragmented authoritarianism, a wall of silence was erected around health worker infections
PhenoAge and PhenoAgeAccel in the context of dyslipidemia: association with stroke and potential as a new predictor in the US general population
Authors: Zhao Weijie , Wang Ziyue , Mi Chuanhao , Wang Yu , Shao Xinxin , Qi Xianghua , Kong Xinru 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The challenges posed by an aging society are increasingly recognized, particularly regarding the potential impacts of high-fat diets and the trend toward younger ages of disease onset. The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationships between the prevalence of stroke in the general US population and PhenoAge (PA) and PhenoAgeAccel (PAA).

Methods
Key methods included a correlation heatmap to explore linear relationships between some of the variables and weighted multivariable logistic regression to assess associations between PA, PAA, and stroke. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis was used to investigate nonlinear relationships and dose–response effects. The ability of the PAA to predict stroke risk was assessed by a nomogram model and a receiver operating characteristic curve.

Results
After adjusting for confounding variables, both continuous and categorical PA and PAA were significantly associated with stroke prevalence. RCS analysis revealed a significant nonlinear relationship between PA and stroke prevalence. Further subgroup RCS analysis indicated that maintaining PA below 31.6 could provide greater benefits across all races and genders, specifically for individuals aged 40–80 years and those who are overweight or obese.

Conclusion
This study highlights the importance of stroke prevention in overweight and obese populations. Monitoring intermediary factors such as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and waist circumference may reduce stroke risk. Additionally, PA and PAA may serve as novel markers for stroke, offering new directions for health management in an aging society.
Typicality First
Authors: Wilhelm Isaac 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Instances of the law of large numbers are used to model many different physical systems. In this paper, I argue for a particular interpretation, of those instances of that law, which appeals to typicality. As I argue, the content of that law, when used to model physical systems, is that the probability of an event typically—rather than probably—approximates the frequency with which that event occurs.
Conceptual engineering is old news
Authors: Sękowski Krzysztof , Landes Ethan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
According to a prevailing view, conceptual engineering introduces a revolutionary philosophical methodology, challenging traditional conceptual analysis. However, in our paper, we argue that closer scrutiny reveals not only the falsity but also the inherent ambiguity of this narrative. We explore four interpretations of the ‘Anti-Novelty Claim’, the claim that conceptual engineering is not a new way of doing philosophy. Discussing the Anti-Novelty Claim from the perspective of a text's producer, the text's consumers, and the exegetical potential of the text, we examine each perspective's metaphilosophical implications and demonstrate that taking each perspective requires different methods. Adopting these different methods, we argue that the different interpretations of the Anti-Novelty Claim range from nearly trivially true to unlikely but untested. Importantly, we emphasize that each interpretation offers unique philosophical insights, yet addressing them requires diverse types of evidence, preventing a singular, straightforward answer to whether conceptual engineering is new.
The centre of a finitely generated strongly verbally closed group is almost always pure
Authors: Denissov Filipp D , Klyachko Anton A 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The assertion in the title implies that many interesting groups (for example, all non-abelian braid groups or $\textbf{SL}_{100}(\mathbb{Z})$) are not strongly verbally closed, i. e., they embed into some finitely generated groups as verbally closed subgroups, which are not retracts.
Evaluation of patients’ radiation doses and establishment of institutional diagnostic reference levels in nuclear medicine in Oman
Authors: Ebrahim Fadheela , Aljabri Aziza , Alhaji Amal , Aldebasi Bader , Gismelseed Abbasher , Bouchareb Yassine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to develop diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography/Computed Tomography (SPECT/CT) and Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) imaging for the most frequent SPECT/CT and PET/CT examinations performed at our institution. A total of 1134 adult patients, who have undergone SPECT/CT and PET/CT scanning over a period of 4 years (2018–2021), were included. The scans consisted of 401 PET/CT and 733 SPECT/CT scans. The CT dosimetry data [CT-dose-index (CTDIvol), dose-length-product (DLP)] and administered activities were collected. The DRLs were calculated for CTDIvol, DLP and administrated activity. The estimated DRLs are given as [median CTDIvol (mGy):median DLP (mGy.cm):median administrated activity (MBq)]: whole body PET/CT: 1.88:175:259; brain PET/CT: 12.9:300:239; cardiac PET/CT: 1.34:32:368; bone SPECT/CT: 2.68:116:763; MPI SPECT/CT (stress-rest): 1.49:52:751-721; parathyroid SPECT/CT: 3.1:126:779; thyroid uptake SPECT: 3.52:147:195; thyroid post-ablation SPECT/CT: 3.85:160:NA. The derived DRLs have allowed careful monitoring of doses delivered to patients and could act as a trigger to investigate doses that systematically exceeds the derived DRLs.
Current frameworks for environmental and health assessment of hydrocarbon streams and products are flexible and ready for alternative non crude oil-based feeds
Authors: Lampi Mark A , Therkorn Jennifer H , Kung Ming H , Isola Allison L , Barter Robert A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hazard and risk assessment of complex petroleum-derived substances has been in a state of continuous improvement since the 1970s, with the development of approaches that continue to be applied and refined. Alternative feeds are defined here as those coming into a refinery or chemical plant that are not hydrocarbons from oil and gas extraction such as biologically derived oils, pyrolysis oil from biomass or other, and recycled materials. These feeds are increasingly being used for production of liquid hydrocarbon streams, and hence, there is a need to assess these alternatives, subsequent manufacturing and refining processes and end products for potential risk to humans and the environment. Here we propose a tiered, problem formulation-driven framework for assessing the safety of hydrocarbon streams and products derived from alternative feedstocks in use. The scope of this work is only focused on petrochemical safety assessment, though the principles may be applicable to other chemistries. The framework integrates combinations of analytical chemistry, in silico and in vitro tools, and targeted testing together with conservative assumptions/approaches to leverage existing health, environmental, and exposure data, where applicable. The framework enables the identification of scenarios where de novo hazard and/or exposure assessments may be needed and incorporates tiered approaches to do so. It can be applied to enable decisions efficiently and transparently and can encompass a wide range of compositional space in both feedstocks and finished products, with the objective of ensuring safety in manufacturing and use.
Assessing the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection on hematological parameters
Authors: Alotaibi Badi A , Aldali Jehad A , Aldali Hamzah J , Alaseem Ali , Almuqrin Abdulaziz M , Alshalani Abdulrahman , AlSudais Hamood , Alshehri Nasser A , Alamar Nasser B , Alhejji Mogtba A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The current study is a retrospective study designed to evaluate changes in complete blood count and coagulation parameters in adult coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients at a prominent Saudi tertiary center to predict disease severity and mortality.

Methods
The cohort consisted of 74 800 adult patients divided into four groups based on a COVID-19 test and the patient’s sex: 35 985 in the female negative COVID-19 group, 23 278 in the male negative COVID-19 group, 8846 in the female positive COVID-19 group and 6691 in the male positive COVID-19 group.

Results
Patients with COVID-19 demonstrated decreased white blood cell counts and increased red blood cell counts. Also, COVID-19–positive participants exhibited more prolonged partial thromboplastin time and lower D-dimer levels than those of COVID-19–negative subjects (p&lt;0.05). The study also revealed gender-dependent impacts on platelet counts, implying a possible relationship with the greater infection mortality rate in men than in women (p&lt;0.001). In addition, the study found a link between changes in coagulation test results and death in COVID-19 patients (p&lt;0.001). The evidence regarding the effects of COVID-19 on blood cell counts and coagulation, on the other hand, is conflicting, most likely due to variances in study populations and the timing of testing postinfection.

Conclusions
According to the findings, COVID-19–related alterations in blood cell count and clotting ability may be risk factors for death.