bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderating effect of environmental supply chain collaboration
Authors: Chen Yenming J. , Wu Yenchun Jim , Wu Tienhua 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore how corporate environmental strategies, namely, environmental management strategy (EMS) and green product strategy (GPS), affect the competitiveness of a firm. In addition, this study investigates whether the environmental collaboration in supply chains (ECSC), namely, environmental collaboration with suppliers (ECS), and environmental collaboration with customers (ECC) moderate the environment-performance relationship.Design/methodology/approach– Survey methodology and regression modeling are adopted to assess the relationship between corporate environmental strategy and competitive performance of a company, including the moderating effects of ECSC.Findings– Competitiveness is positively affected by EMS and GPS. ECSC moderately affects the links among EMS, GPS, and competitiveness. Regarding the differences between the impacts of ECS and ECC on performance, only ECS acts as a moderator in the enhancement of EMS and GPS. Thus, ECS positively contributes to enhance competitive advantage. In contrast to perceptions, ECC directly improves firm competitiveness.Research limitations/implications– The findings support the understanding that the moderating role of ECSC may explain the conflicting results in environment-performance linkages. In particular, suppliers and customers could impact EMS and GPS in direct or interactive ways, or both, to enhance the performance of a firm.Practical implications– Significant performance improvements are influenced not only by the real environmental commitment of companies to internal green management but also by the positive relations of firms with their external cooperative capabilities in environmental relationships with chain partners.Originality/value– This research is the first to suggest and empirically test the moderating impacts of ECSC on the relationship between corporate environmental strategy and competitiveness.
Social capital and job search behaviour of long-term welfare recipients
Authors: Varekamp Inge , Knijn Trudie , van der Gaag Martin , Bos Peter 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– Long-term welfare recipients in the Netherlands are either long-term unemployed or part-time employed in jobs that generate incomes below the subsistence level. The question is whether reintegration policies aiming at their return to – a fulltime – job should consider individual social network factors besides psychological and human capital factors. The purpose of this paper is to investigate welfare recipients’ job search behaviour, in particular how individual social capital is distributed, and whether it is related to job search activities.Design/methodology/approach– Standardised and structured interviews were conducted with 189 long-term unemployed welfare recipients. An adapted version of the Resource Generator instrument was used to measure individual access to social capital.Findings– Social capital scales measuring domestic social resources, status-related social resources, expert advice on regulations and financial matters, and advice on finding a job were developed and psychometrically tested. Status-related social resources were more easily accessible to men and higher educated persons. Advice on finding a job was more easily accessible to recently unemployed individuals. Domestic social resources were less accessible to ethnic minorities. Persons with more social capital, specifically status-related social resources and advice in finding a job, showed more active job search behaviour.Social implications– The differences in job search activities between respondents with more social capital and those with less social capital were present but to a small degree, and therefore there is no argument for reintegration activities to focus on enlarging social capital.Originality/value– This study addresses the instrumental functions of the social network by multidimensionally scrutinising the resources that social relationships provide access to.
Culture, religion and social capital: evidence from European regions
Authors: Kaasa Anneli 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible relationship of religion and culture with the social capital in a particular region.Design/methodology/approach– The data of 85 regions from 26 European countries are analysed. Regression analysis is used for analysing cultural dimensions, religion-related aspects and the communist past as possible factors of social capital components. In addition, graphic analysis is used for the generalisation of the results.Findings– The results from both the regression and graphic analyses indicate that cultural dimensions capture the possible reasons for different levels of social capital better than religion-related aspects or the division according to the communist background.Research limitations/implications– Conclusions can be drawn only for the European regions analysed. Data were not available for regions in all European countries and including control variables was limited by the data availability.Practical implications– When intending to develop policies for increasing social capital, the culture of a particular region should be assessed in order to predict the success of the policies.Originality/value– The novelty of this study lies in including cultural dimensions based on Hofstede’s concept to the set of possible factors determining the level of social capital in a region.
CSR in the Russian aviation industry: the winds of change
Authors: Belyaeva Zhanna 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The article outlines strategic corporate social responsibility (CSR) ongoing progress in the aviation industry in Russia as well as its results.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper pinpoints some CSR techniques as a response to the drastic changes of the aviation business environment in Russia. The cases are related to four specific Russian airlines.

Findings
– The revealed paradox reads that passengers choose the cheapest, but the safest company, care for aviation effects on environment and spread all the failure stories faster with social media and networks. CSR in aviation seems to be the improvement driver ensuring stable passenger traffic if applied right. On the other hand, the irresponsible behaviour might cost too expensive in the long run.

Practical implications
– The paper illustrates some cases on the example of the Russian civic aviation CSR, which uncovers do’s and don’ts in applying CSR techniques in the industry.

Originality/value
– This article suggests how shared value-based strategic responsibility can become powerful risk-management tool for the progressive airlines.
Differential phagocytosis of Leishmania mexicana promastigotes and amastigotes by monocyte‐derived dendritic cells
Authors: Argueta‐Donohué Jesús , Wilkins‐Rodríguez Arturo A. , Aguirre‐García Magdalena , Gutiérrez‐Kobeh Laila 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTLeishmania species are dimorphic protozoan parasites that live and replicate in the gut of sand flies as promastigotes or in mammalian hosts as amastigotes. Different immune cells, including DCs, and receptors differ in their involvement in phagocytosis of promastigotes and amastigotes and in recognition of different Leishmania species. In the case of L. mexicana, differences in phagocytosis of promastigotes and amastigotes by DCs and participation of C‐type lectin receptors (CLRs) have not been established. In the present study, flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to investigate the phagocytosis by monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (moDCs) of L. mexicana promastigotes and amastigotes in the presence or absence of immune serum during various periods of time. Blocking antibodies against mannose receptors and DC‐SIGN were used to explore the participation of these receptors in the phagocytosis of L. mexicana by moDC. The major differences in interactions of L. mexicana promastigotes and amastigotes with moDC were found to occur within the first 3 hr, during which phagocytosis of promastigotes predominated as compared with opsonization of promastigotes and amastigotes. However, after 6 hr of incubation, opsonized promastigotes were preferentially phagocytosed as compared with unopsonized promastigotes and amastigotes and after 24 hr of incubation there were no differences in the phagocytosis of promastigotes and amastigotes. Finally, after 3 hr incubation, DC‐SIGN was involved in the phagocytosis of promastigotes, but not of amastigotes.
Early‐shared Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin sub‐strains induce Th1 cytokine production in vivo
Authors: Taniguchi Keiichi , Miyatake Yuuji , Hayashi Daisuke , Takami Atsuro , Itoh Saotomo , Yamamoto Saburo , Hida Shigeaki , Onozaki Kikuo , Takii Takemasa 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTInterleukin‐12 is one of the cytokines that induce acquired immunity by progressing the differentiation of T cells. When antigens are presented by APCs, including macrophages and DCs, T cells are activated and produce the Th1 cytokines IL‐2 and IFN‐γ. We have previously reported greater IL‐12 production from macrophages infected with early‐shared BCG sub‐strains (ex. BCG‐Japan, ‐Sweden) than from those infected with late‐shared BCG (ex. BCG‐Pasteur and ‐Connaught) . In this study, we investigated the Th1 cytokine‐inducing activity of splenocytes co‐cultured with BCG‐infected DCs. Early‐shared BCG‐infected DCs produced IL‐12 and TNF‐α⋅ Furthermore, when they were co‐cultured with purified protein derivative‐stimulated DCs, the splenocytes of mice immunized with BCG‐Tokyo/Japan produced more Th1 cytokine than did those of mice immunized with BCG‐Connaught. In conclusion, early‐shared BCG sub‐strains more strongly induce Th1 cytokine production in vivo. This study provides basic information to inform the selection of candidates for primary vaccination.
Age, oxidative stress exposure and fitness in a long‐lived seabird
Authors: Herborn Katherine A. , Daunt Francis , Heidinger Britt J. , Granroth‐Wilding Hanna M. V. , Burthe Sarah J. , Newell Mark A. , Monaghan Pat 
Published: September 2015

Summary

The need to manage exposure to oxidative stress, which can damage macromolecules, is thought to influence the resolution of life‐history trade‐offs. Oxidative damage is expected to increase with age as a consequence of changes in the optimal investment in defences or repair, and/or because of senescence in antioxidant defence systems, although the pattern might differ between short and long‐lived species. However, data on age‐related changes in damage levels in wild populations are rare.

Using cross‐sectional and longitudinal data collected over 3 years, we examine variation in a measure of oxidative damage exposure in known age, wild European Shags (Phalacrocorax aristotelis), a relatively long lived species.

The cross‐sectional data showed a quadratic relationship between oxidative damage exposure and age: both relatively young and old adults had higher levels than those in middle age. In contrast, a measure of non‐enzymatic antioxidant levels did not vary with age.

The cross‐sectional increase in oxidative damage exposure in later life was consistent with longitudinal patterns observed within older birds (more than 10 years old).

However, the apparent decline in oxidative damage in early adulthood was not consistent with longitudinal patterns in younger birds, which showed individual variation but no consistent age‐related change in the marker. This suggests that cross‐sectional patterns reflect instead higher disappearance of individuals with high exposure to oxidative damage at this life stage.

Our data further show that oxidative damage levels are predictive of attendance at the colony in all age classes: juveniles fledging with a high damage exposure index were less likely to be resighted in the breeding colony 2 years later, and adults with high levels at the end of the breeding season had reduced return rates, irrespective of age. Since this is a species that shows high colony fidelity, this is likely to reflect mortality patterns.

These data suggest that exposure to oxidative damage increases with age in a long lived species, but only in later life, when high investment in reproduction at the cost of defence would be predicted.
Re‐growing a tropical dry forest: functional plant trait composition and community assembly during succession
Authors: Buzzard Vanessa , Hulshof Catherine M. , Birt Trevor , Violle Cyrille , Enquist Brian J. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryA longstanding goal of ecology and conservation biology is to understand the environmental and biological controls of forest succession. However, the patterns and mechanisms that guide successional trajectories, especially within tropical forests, remain unclear.We collected leaf functional trait and abiotic data across a 110‐year chronosequence within a tropical dry forest in Costa Rica. Focusing on six key leaf functional traits related to resource acquisition and competition, along with measures of forest stand structure, we propose a mechanistic framework to link species composition, community trait distributions and forest structure. We quantified the community‐weighted trait distributions for specific leaf area, leaf dry matter concentration, leaf phosphorus concentration, leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio and leaf stable isotopic carbon and nitrogen. We assessed several prominent hypotheses for how these functional measures shift in response to changing environmental variables (soil water content, bulk density andpH) across the chronosequence.Increasingly, older forests differed significantly from younger forests in species composition, above‐ground biomass and shifted trait distributions. Early stages of succession were uniformly characterized by lower values of community‐weighted mean specific leaf area, leaf stable nitrogen isotope and leaf phosphorus concentration. Leaf dry matter concentration and leaf carbon to nitrogen ratio were lower during earlier stages of succession, and each trait reached an optimum during intermediate stages of succession. The leaf carbon isotope ratio was the only trait to decrease linearly with increasing stand age indicating reduced water use efficiency in older forests. However, in contrast with expectations, community‐weighted trait variances did not generally change through succession, and when compared to null expectations were lower than expected.The observed directional shift in community‐weighted mean trait values is consistent with the ‘productivity filtering’ hypothesis where a directional shift in water and light availability shifts physiological strategies from ‘slow’ to ‘fast’. In contrast with expectations arising from niche based ecology, none of the community trait distributions were over‐dispersed. Instead, patterns of trait dispersion are consistent with the abiotic filtering and/or competitive hierarchy hypotheses.
Interaction of helically wound fibre‐optic cables with plane seismic waves
Authors: Kuvshinov B.N. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTDistributed acoustic sensing is a novel technology for seismic acquisition. In this technology, strain changes induced by seismic waves impinging on an optical fibre are monitored. Due to the fact that glass is relatively rigid, straight glass fibres are not sensitive to broadside waves. We suggest using distributed acoustic sensing systems with fibres helically wound around cables. One increases the fibre sensitivity to broadside waves by decreasing the fibre wrapping angle (the angle between the fibre axis and the plane normal to the cable axis). The optimal wrapping angle is chosen to minimize the impact of Rayleigh waves on the signal measured. This angle depends on the cable Poisson ratio, and it is approximately equal to 30° for cables composed of plastic. For reliable detection of seismic waves, one needs a good mechanical contact between the cable and the surrounding medium. On the other hand, the sensitivity of distributed acoustic sensing systems to primary waves can be significantly reduced if the cable is placed in a cemented borehole.
Small beetle, large‐scale drivers: how regional and landscape factors affect outbreaks of the European spruce bark beetle
Authors: Seidl Rupert , Müller Jörg , Hothorn Torsten , Bässler Claus , Heurich Marco , Kautz Markus 
Published: September 2015

Summary

Unprecedented bark beetle outbreaks have been observed for a variety of forest ecosystems recently, and damage is expected to further intensify as a consequence of climate change. In Central Europe, the response of ecosystem management to increasing infestation risk has hitherto focused largely on the stand level, while the contingency of outbreak dynamics on large‐scale drivers remains poorly understood.

To investigate how factors beyond the local scale contribute to the infestation risk from Ips typographus (Col., Scol.), we analysed drivers across seven orders of magnitude in scale (from 103 to 1010 m²) over a 23‐year period, focusing on the Bavarian Forest National Park. Time‐discrete hazard modelling was used to account for local factors and temporal dependencies. Subsequently, beta regression was applied to determine the influence of regional and landscape factors, the latter characterized by means of graph theory.

We found that in addition to stand variables, large‐scale drivers also strongly influenced bark beetle infestation risk. Outbreak waves were closely related to landscape‐scale connectedness of both host and beetle populations as well as to regional bark beetle infestation levels. Furthermore, regional summer drought was identified as an important trigger for infestation pulses. Large‐scale synchrony and connectivity are thus key drivers of the recently observed bark beetle outbreak in the area.

Synthesis and applications. Our multiscale analysis provides evidence that the risk for biotic disturbances is highly dependent on drivers beyond the control of traditional stand‐scale management. This finding highlights the importance of fostering the ability to cope with and recover from disturbance. It furthermore suggests that a stronger consideration of landscape and regional processes is needed to address changing disturbance regimes in ecosystem management.
Maternal Iron Deficiency Worsens the Associative Learning Deficits and Hippocampal and Cerebellar Losses in a Rat Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Huebner Shane M. , Tran Tuan D. , Rufer Echoleah S. , Crump Peter M. , Smith Susan M. 
Published: September 2015

BackgroundGestational alcohol exposure causes lifelong physical and neurocognitive deficits collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Micronutrient deficiencies are common in pregnancies of alcohol‐abusing women. Here we show the most common micronutrient deficiency of pregnancy—iron deficiency without anemia—significantly worsens neurocognitive outcomes following perinatal alcohol exposure.MethodsPregnant rats were fed iron‐deficient (ID) or iron‐sufficient diets from gestational day 13 to postnatal day (P) 7. Pups received alcohol (0, 3.5, 5.0 g/kg) from P 4 to P 9, targeting the brain growth spurt. At P 32, learning was assessed using delay or trace eyeblink classical conditioning (ECC). Cerebellar interpositus nucleus (IPN) and hippocampal CA1 cellularity was quantified using unbiased stereology.ResultsGlobal analysis of variance revealed that ID and alcohol separately and significantly reduced ECC learning with respect to amplitude (ps ≤ 0.001) and conditioned response [CR] percentage (ps ≤ 0.001). Iron and alcohol interacted to reduce CR percentage in the trace ECC task (p = 0.013). Both ID and alcohol significantly reduced IPN (ps < 0.001) and CA1 cellularity (ps < 0.005). CR amplitude correlated with IPN cellularity (delay: r = 0.871, trace: r = 0.703, ps < 0.001) and CA1 cellularity (delay: r = 0.792, trace: r = 0.846, ps < 0.001) across both tasks. The learning impairments persisted even though the offsprings' iron status had normalized.ConclusionsSupporting our previous work, gestational ID exacerbates the associative learning deficits in this rat model of FASD. This is strongly associated with cellular reductions within the ECC neurocircuitry. Significant learning impairments in FASD could be the consequence, in part, of pregnancies in which the mother was also iron inadequate.
Systematised naevus sebaceus resulting from post‐zygotic mutation in HRAS
Authors: Hsu Chao‐Kai , Saito Ryo , Nanda Arti , Rashidghamat Ellie , Al‐Ajmi Hejab , Lee Julia Yu‐Yun , Hide Michihiro , McGrath John A 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNaevus sebaceus has recently been shown to result from post‐zygotic mutations in HRAS, KRAS or occasionally NRAS. We present details of a neonate with extensive naevus sebaceus in whom we identified a pathogenic mutation in HRAS (c.37G > C; p.Gly13Arg), but only in lesional skin DNA, consistent with a mosaic RASopathy. This case highlights the clinicopathological and molecular findings of this naevoid disorder as well as the key issues in the clinical assessment and management of such patients.
Mental Health Screening in North Sulawesi, Indonesia: Kessler 6 pilot data and needs assessment results from the LearnToLive Indonesian Health Initiative
Authors: Kinzie Erik , Blake Adam , Alvares Ryan , McCormick‐Ricket Iben 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntroductionCommunities around the world are increasing their focus on mental health and substance use disorders. However, the struggle to identify and treat patients remains great. The sequelae of these disorders, including severe chronic disability and suicide, are significant, and its impact is felt most in lower and middle‐income countries. In the rural and underserved region of North Sulawesi, Indonesia, there are limited data published regarding the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and other symptoms of psychological distress.MethodsIn order to characterize and quantify some specific areas of psychological distress, the LearnToLive Indonesian Health Initiative completed a retroactive review of Kessler 6 data from 697 people in rural communities of North Sulawesi.ResultsOur results demonstrate a rate of near 10% for psychological distress, particularly with anxiety and depressive symptoms. We also found that the village of Sapa scored higher on most of the subcomponents of the screen compared with the other villages in the study.DiscussionWhile the Kessler 6 screening tool is not diagnostic, our results suggest significant mental health issues in need of further exploration and research. We found that these results exist in an environment with high stigma, limited education regarding mental illness, and limited outpatient services. The results from this analysis will hopefully guide future mental health education in the region and will ultimately assist in the development of the clinical infrastructure needed to effectively identify, treat, and manage mental health conditions.