bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Republished: Fibrosing organising pneumonia
Authors: Beardsley Brooke , Rassl Doris 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Organising pneumonia (otherwise referred to as bronchiolitis obliterans organising pneumonia) is characterised histologically by plugs of granulation tissue, which are present predominantly within small airways, alveolar ducts and peri-bronchiolar alveoli. This pattern is not specific for any disorder or cause, but is one type of inflammatory response to pulmonary injury, which may be seen in a wide variety of clinical conditions. Typically, organising pneumonia responds very well to corticosteroid treatment; however, a small percentage of patients appear to develop progressive fibrosis.
Equivalent upscaled hydro-mechanical properties of a damaged and fractured claystone around a gallery (Meuse/Haute-Marne Underground Research Laboratory)
Authors: Ababou Rachid , Cañamón Israel , Poutrel Adrien 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

In this work, we present calculations and analyses of equivalent continuum (upscaled) coefficients describing the damaged, fissured and fractured claystone around an underground gallery. We focus here on mechanical and coupled hydro-mechanical properties of the damaged claystone (the upscaled Darcy permeability of the same claystone was studied in a previous paper focused on hydraulics without mechanical deformations). Concerning the geometric structure of the damaged clay stone around the cylindrical excavation, we use a hybrid 3D geometric model of fissuring and fracturing, comprising (a) a set of 10 000 statistical fissures with radially inhomogeneous statistics (size, thickness and density increasing near the wall), and (b) a deterministic set of large curved ‘chevrons’ fractures, periodically spaced along the axis of the drift according to a 3D chevron pattern. The hydro-mechanical coefficients calculated here are second- and fourth-rank tensors, which are displayed using ellipsoids. For simplicity, we also calculate equivalent isotropic coefficients extracted from these tensors: Young's modulus (
E
), bulk modulus (
K
), Lamé shear modulus (μ), Poisson's ratio (ν), Biot coefficient (
B
, stress–pressure coupling) and Biot modulus (
M
, pressure–fluid production coupling). All of these coefficients are affected by the degree of damage and fracturing, which increases near the wall of the gallery. Both 3D and ‘2D transverse’ distributions are analysed, on grids of 3D cubic voxels and 2D pixels, respectively. Global coefficients upscaled over the entire damaged and fractured zone are also analysed. Other types of averages are presented, for example, upscaled values over a cylindrical annular shell at various radial distances from the gallery wall. The relation to the degree of fracturing is discussed, including for instance the effect of fracturing on bulk and shear stiffnesses, and on the hydro-mechanical coupling coefficients of the damaged claystone.
G Protein–Coupled Estrogen Receptor Regulates Mammary Tumorigenesis and Metastasis
Authors: Marjon Nicole A. , Hu Chelin , Hathaway Helen J. , Prossnitz Eric R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe role of 17β-estradiol (E2) in breast cancer development and tumor growth has traditionally been attributed exclusively to the activation of estrogen receptor-α (ERα). Although targeted inhibition of ERα is a successful approach for patients with ERα+ breast cancer, many patients fail to respond or become resistant to anti-estrogen therapy. The discovery of the G protein–coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) suggested an additional mechanism through which E2 could exert its effects in breast cancer. Studies have demonstrated clinical correlations between GPER expression in human breast tumor specimens and increased tumor size, distant metastasis, and recurrence, as well as established a proliferative role for GPER in vitro; however, direct in vivo evidence has been lacking. To this end, a GPER-null mutation [GPER knockout (KO)] was introduced, through interbreeding, into a widely used transgenic mouse model of mammary tumorigenesis [MMTV-PyMT (PyMT)]. Early tumor development, assessed by the extent of hyperplasia and proliferation, was not different between GPER wild-type/PyMT (WT/PyMT) and those mice harboring the GPER-null mutation (KO/PyMT). However, by 12 to 13 weeks of age, tumors from KO/PyMT mice were smaller with decreased proliferation compared with those from WT/PyMT mice. Furthermore, tumors from the KO/PyMT mice were of histologically lower grade compared with tumors from their WT counterparts, suggesting less aggressive tumors in the KO/PyMT mice. Finally, KO/PyMT mice displayed dramatically fewer lung metastases compared with WT/PyMT mice. Combined, these data provide the first in vivo evidence that GPER plays a critical role in breast tumor growth and distant metastasis.Implications: This is the first description of a role for the novel estrogen receptor GPER in breast tumorigenesis and metastasis, demonstrating that it represents a new target in breast cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Mol Cancer Res; 12(11); 1644–54. ©2014 AACR.
The lncRNA PCAT29 Inhibits Oncogenic Phenotypes in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Malik Rohit , Patel Lalit , Prensner John R. , Shi Yang , Iyer Matthew K. , Subramaniyan Shruthi , Carley Alexander , Niknafs Yashar S. , Sahu Anirban , Han Sumin , Ma Teng , Liu Meilan , Asangani Irfan A. , Jing Xiaojun , Cao Xuhong , Dhanasekaran Saravana M. , Robinson Dan R. , Feng Felix Y. , Chinnaiyan Arul M. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) have recently been associated with the development and progression of a variety of human cancers. However, to date, the interplay between known oncogenic or tumor-suppressive events and lncRNAs has not been well described. Here, the novel lncRNA, prostate cancer–associated transcript 29 (PCAT29), is characterized along with its relationship to the androgen receptor. PCAT29 is suppressed by DHT and upregulated upon castration therapy in a prostate cancer xenograft model. PCAT29 knockdown significantly increased proliferation and migration of prostate cancer cells, whereas PCAT29 overexpression conferred the opposite effect and suppressed growth and metastases of prostate tumors in chick chorioallantoic membrane assays. Finally, in prostate cancer patient specimens, low PCAT29 expression correlated with poor prognostic outcomes. Taken together, these data expose PCAT29 as an androgen-regulated tumor suppressor in prostate cancer.
Implications: This study identifies PCAT29 as the first androgen receptor–repressed lncRNA that functions as a tumor suppressor and that its loss may identify a subset of patients at higher risk for disease recurrence.
Visual Overview: http://mcr.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2014/07/31/1541-7786.MCR-14-0257/F1.large.jpg. Mol Cancer Res; 12(8); 1081–7. ©2014 AACR.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist activation ameliorates venous thrombosis-induced arteriovenous fistula failure in chronic kidneyd isease
Authors: Chien Chiang-Ting , Fan Shih-Chen , Lin Shao-Chieh , Kuo Chang-Chih , Yang Chih-Hui , Yu Tzu-Ying , Lee Shih-Pin , Cheng Dai-Yu , Li Ping-Chia 
Published: July 2014

SummaryHigh shear stress that develops in the arteriovenous fistula of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) may increase H2O2 and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) release, thereby exacerbating endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, and neointimal hyperplasia. We investigated whether glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist/exendin-4, a potentially cardiovascular protective agent, could improve TXA2-induced arteriovenous fistula injury in CKD. TXA2 administration to H2O2-exposed human umbilical vein endothelial cells increased apoptosis, senescence, and detachment; these phenotypes were associated with the downregulation of phosphorylated endothelial nitric oxide synthase/heme oxygenase-1 (eNOS/HO-1) signalling. Exendin-4 reduced H2O2/TXA2-induced endothelial injury via inhibition of apoptosis-related mechanisms and restoration of phosphorylated eNOS/HO-1 signalling. Male Wistar rats subjected to right common carotid artery-external jugular vein anastomosis were treated with exendin-4 via cervical implant osmotic pumps for 16–42 days. High shear stress induced by the arteriovenous fistula significantly increased venous haemodynamics, blood and tissue H2O2 and TXB2 levels, macrophage/monocyte infiltration, fibrosis, proliferation, and adhesion molecule-1 expression. Apoptosis was also increased due to NADPH oxidase gp91 activation and mitochondrial Bax translocation in the proximal end of the jugular vein of CKD rats. Exendin-4-treatment of rats with CKD led to the restoration of normal endothelial morphology and correction of arteriovenous fistula function. Exendin-4 treatment or thromboxane synthase gene deletion in CKD mice markedly reduced ADP-stimulated platelet adhesion to venous endothelium, and prevented venous occlusion in FeCl3-injured vessels by upregulation of HO-1. Together, these data reveal that the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists is an effective strategy for treatment of CKD-induced arteriovenous fistula failure.
Bioinformatics Multivariate Analysis Determined a Set of Phase-Specific Biomarker Candidates in a Novel Mouse Model for Viral Myocarditis
Authors: Omura Seiichi , Kawai Eiichiro , Sato Fumitaka , Martinez Nicholas E. , Chaitanya Ganta V. , Rollyson Phoebe A. , Cvek Urska , Trutschl Marjan , Alexander J. Steven , Tsunoda Ikuo 
Published: July 2014

Background—

Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the cardiac muscle and is mainly caused by viral infections. Viral myocarditis has been proposed to be divided into 3 phases: the acute viral phase, the subacute immune phase, and the chronic cardiac remodeling phase. Although individualized therapy should be applied depending on the phase, no clinical or experimental studies have found biomarkers that distinguish between the 3 phases. Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus belongs to the genus
Cardiovirus
and can cause myocarditis in susceptible mouse strains.

Methods and Results—

Using this novel model for viral myocarditis induced with Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus, we conducted multivariate analysis including echocardiography, serum troponin and viral RNA titration, and microarray to identify the biomarker candidates that can discriminate the 3 phases. Using C3H mice infected with Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus on 4, 7, and 60 days post infection, we conducted bioinformatics analyses, including principal component analysis and
k
-means clustering of microarray data, because our traditional cardiac and serum assays, including 2-way comparison of microarray data, did not lead to the identification of a single biomarker. Principal component analysis separated heart samples clearly between the groups of 4, 7, and 60 days post infection. Representative genes contributing to the separation were as follows: 4 and 7 days post infection, innate immunity–related genes, such as
Irf7
and
Cxcl9
; 7 and 60 days post infection, acquired immunity–related genes, such as
Cd3g
and
H2-Aa
; and cardiac remodeling–related genes, such as
Mmp12
and
Gpnmb
.

Conclusions—
Sets of molecules, not single molecules, identified by unsupervised principal component analysis, were found to be useful as phase-specific biomarkers.
Suicide as a Counter-Narrative in Wayanad, Southern India
Authors: Badami Sumant 
Published: July 2014

This article demonstrates how highly-politicised assessments of agrarian distress have affected professional and public perceptions of the causes of suicide, specifically in the region of Wayanad, north-eastern Kerala. Because of a bifurcation between purely sociological and purely psychological analyses of suicide, current mental health policy downplays socio-economic factors and actively promotes specifically psychiatric analyses of victims and their families. Yet, for the sake of political representation in the public sphere, sociological analyses facilitate the construction of discursive categories relating to farmer distress. The article shows how this has meant that the struggles of certain underprivileged groups, specifically the indigenous Paniya community, are thereby rendered invisible. Moving beyond the existing dualistic approaches, field-based research findings also demonstrate the potential to see suicide as a form of communication that provides important counter-narratives to the dominant discourse about suicides in South Asia.
The usefulness of a diagnostic method combining high-resolution CT findings and serum markers for cytomegalovirus pneumonia and pneumocystis pneumonia in non-AIDS patients
Authors: Kunihiro Yoshie , Tanaka Nobuyuki , Matsumoto Tsuneo , Yamamoto Norihide , Matsunaga Naofumi 
Published: July 2014

Background The combination of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) findings and serum markers would be of great value in diagnosing cytomegalovirus pneumonia (CMVP) and pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) considering low invasiveness. Purpose To compare the HRCT findings of CMVP and PCP and to evaluate the differences in HRCT findings between patients diagnosed based on pathologic evidence and serum markers. Material and Methods Two radiologists retrospectively evaluated the HRCT findings of 21 patients with CMVP and 70 patients with PCP. Eight patients with CMVP and 32 patients with PCP were diagnosed based on pathologic evidence (“Path” group), while 13 patients with CMVP and 38 patients with PCP were diagnosed based on serum markers (CMV antigenemia, β-D-glucan) (“Serum-Marker” group). A total of 19 CT morphological criteria were evaluated, and the significance of the differences between the two diseases and between the “Path” and “Serum-Marker” groups with respect to each disease was calculated. Results The presence of small nodules, the tree-in-bud pattern, and the halo sign was found more frequently in the CMVP group. Extensive ground-glass attenuation (GGA), a mosaic pattern, and a diffuse distribution were observed more frequently in the PCP group. There were significant differences between the “Path” and “Serum-Marker” groups in average extent of consolidation and distribution of consolidation in PCP, and the distribution of GGA in CMVP, respectively. Conclusion The combined use of HRCT findings and serum markers is useful for the diagnosis of CMVP and PCP in non-AIDS patients. The typical HRCT findings for the differential diagnosis included extensive GGA with mosaic pattern in PCP and nodules, nodules with or without the tree-in-bud pattern, and the halo sign in CMVP.
The value of losartan suppression test in the confirmatory diagnosis of primary aldosteronism in patients over 50 years old
Authors: Kuo Chin-Chi , Balakrishnan Poojitha , Hsein Yenh-Chen , Wu Vin-Cent , Chueh Shih-Chieh Jeff , Chen Yung-Ming , Wu Kwan-Dun , Wang Ming-Jiuh ,   TAIPAI group, Wu Vin-Cent , Lin Yen-Hung , Ho Yi-Luwn , Chang Hung-Wei , Lin Lian-Yu , Hu Fu-Chang , Liu Kao-Lang , Wang Shuo-Meng , Huang Kuo-How , Chen Yung-Ming , Kuo Chin-Chi , Chang Chin-Chen , Chueh Shih-Chieh , Lu Ching-Chu , Liao Shih-Cheng , Yen Ruoh-Fang , Lin Wei-Chou , Hsieh Bor-Sen , Wu Kwan-Dun 
Published: July 2014

Objective: The diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA) among the older-aged population has posed a crucial challenge. Among patients over 50 years old, this trial assessed comparability of the performance of two PA diagnostic tests: losartan and captopril suppression tests. Methods: A post-hoc subgroup analysis from a prospective cohort was conducted by the TAIPAI (Taiwan Primary Aldosteronism Investigation) group between July 2003 and July 2006. Of the 160 patients in the cohort, 60 patients over 50 years old received captopril and losartan tests to confirm PA. Results: Among the 60 patients over 50 years old, 31 patients had PA confirmed by standardized protocol. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve for post-captopril aldosterone was significantly less than that for post-losartan plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) (0.87 vs 0.94, p=0.02). Using the aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR)>35 with PAC>10 ng/dl, the specificity was 82.76% vs 93.1% and the sensitivity was 77.42% vs 87.10% for the captopril and losartan tests, respectively. The equivalence between the two tests were confirmed by the exact McNemar’s test ( p=1.0). Conclusion: The losartan test showed comparable accuracy to confirm PA. Verification of this “elderly-friendly” confirmatory test will be the first step to prepare a specific diagnostic model of PA for the older-aged population.
Effect of all-trans retinoic acid treatment on prohibitin and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system expression in hypoxia-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury
Authors: Zhou Tian-Biao , Ou Chao , Rong Liang , Drummen Gregor PC 
Published: July 2014

Background and objective: All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) exerts various effects on physiological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and inflammation. Prohibitins (PHB), including prohibitin 1 (PHB1) and prohibitin 2 (PHB2), are evolutionary conserved and pleiotropic proteins implicated in various cellular functions, including proliferation, tumor suppression, apoptosis, transcription, and mitochondrial protein folding. The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system plays a pivotal role in the regulation of blood pressure and volume homeostasis. All these factors and systems have been implicated in renal interstitial fibrosis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ATRA treatment on the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system and expression of prohibitins to further understand its role in the processes leading to renal interstitial fibrosis. Methods: The hypoxic and oxidative stress conditions in obstructive renal disease were simulated in a hypoxia/reoxygenation model with renal tubular epithelial cells (RTEC) as a model system. Subsequently, the effect of ATRA on mRNA and protein expression levels was determined and correlations were established between factors involved in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system, the prohibitins, cellular redox status, renal interstitial fibrosis and ATRA treatment. Results: Correlation analysis showed that both PHB1 and PHB2 protein levels were negatively correlated with angiotensin I, ACE1, angiotensin II, TGF-β1, Col-IV, FN, ROS, and MDA (PHB1: r = −0.792, –0.834, –0.805, –0.795, –0.778, –0.798, –0.751, –0.682; PHB2: r = −0.872, –0.799, –0.838, –0.773, –0.769, –0.841, –0.794, –0.826; each p < 0.05), but positively correlated with ACE2, SOD, and GSH (PHB1: r = 0.796, 0.879, 0.824; PHB2: r = 0.785, 0.914, 0.849; each p < 0.05). ACE1 was positively correlated with angiotensin I, angiotensin II, TGF-β1, Col-IV, FN, ROS, and MDA, and negatively correlated with ACE2, SOD, and GSH (each p < 0.05). ACE2 was negatively correlated with ACE1, angiotensin I, angiotensin II, TGF-β1, Col-IV, FN, ROS, and MDA, and positively correlated with SOD and GSH (each p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that ATRA acts as a positive regulator of PHB1, PHB2 and ACE2, and as a negative regulator of ACE1, angiotensin I, and angiotensin II in a RTEC model system under hypoxia/reoxygenation conditions.
COX-1–derived thromboxane A2 plays an essential role in early B-cell development via regulation of JAK/STAT5 signaling in mouse
Authors: Yang Qiong , Shi Maohua , Shen Yujun , Cao Yingjiao , Zuo Shengkai , Zuo Caojian , Zhang Hui , Gabrilovich Dmitry I. , Yu Ying , Zhou Jie 
Published: July 2014

Key PointsThis study demonstrated an essential role of COX-1 in early B-cell development. Low-dose aspirin may have a potential suppressive effect on B-cell development in humans.
Study protocol: a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial to s tu dy the effect of vitamin D supplemen tation on gly caemic control in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus SUNNY trial
Authors: Krul-Poel Yvonne HM , Wijland Hans van , Stam Frank , ten Boekel Edwin , Lips Paul , Simsek Suat 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundBesides the classical role of vitamin D on calcium and bone homeostasis, vitamin D deficiency has recently been identified as a contributing factor in the onset of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, it is uncertain whether vitamin D deficiency and poor glycaemic control are causally interrelated or that they constitute two independent features of type 2 diabetes mellitus. There are limited clinical trials carried out which measured the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control.The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycaemic control and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods/designIn a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial conducted in five general practices in the Netherlands three hundred patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with lifestyle advises or metformin or sulphonylurea-derivatives are randomised to receive either placebo or 50,000 IU Vitamin D3at monthly intervals. The primary outcome measure is the change in glycated haemoglobin level between baseline and six months. Secondary outcome measures include blood pressure, anthropometric parameters, lipid profile, insulin resistance, quality of life, advanced glycation end products and safety profiles. Quality of life will be measured by The Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey questionnaire. Advanced glycation end products are measured by an AGE-reader.DiscussionThis trial will be the first study exploring the effect of vitamin D supplementation on both glycaemic control and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our findings will contribute to the knowledge of the relationship between vitamin D status and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Trial registrationThe Netherlands trial register:NTR3154