bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An experimental study of partial melting and fractional crystallization on the HED parent body
Authors: Ashcroft Helen O. , Wood Bernard J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe have performed an experimental and modeling study of the partial melting behavior of the HED parent body and of the fractional crystallization of liquids derived from its mantle. We estimated the mantle composition by assuming chondritic ratios of refractory lithophile elements, adjusting the Mg# and core size to match the density and moment of inertia of Vesta, and the compositions of Mg‐rich olivines found in diogenites. The liquidus of a mantle with Mg# (=100*[Mg/(Mg+Fe)]) 80 is ~1625 °C and, under equilibrium conditions, the melt crystallizes olivine alone until it is joined by orthopyroxene at 1350 °C. We synthesized the melt from our 1350 °C experiment and simulated its fractional crystallization path. Orthopyroxene crystallizes until it is replaced by pigeonite at 1200 °C. Liquids become eucritic and crystal assemblages resemble diogenites below 1250 °C. MELTS correctly predicts the olivine liquidus but overestimates the orthopyroxene liquidus by ~70 °C. Predicted melt compositions are in reasonable agreement with those generated experimentally. We used MELTS to determine that the range of mantle compositions that can produce eucritic liquids and diogenitic solids in a magma ocean model is Mg# 75–80 (with chondritic ratios of refractory elements). A mantle with Mg# ~ 70 can produce eucrites and diogenites through sequential partial melting.
Freedom‐to‐operate analysis of a transgenic multivitamin corn variety
Authors: Zanga Daniela , Capell Teresa , Zhu Changfu , Christou Paul , Thangaraj Harry 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn this article, we explore the intellectual property (IP) landscape relevant to the production and commercialization of Carolight™, a transgenic multivitamin corn variety created on humanitarian grounds to address micronutrient deficiencies in low‐and‐middle‐income countries. The successful production of this variety requires IP rights risk management because there is a strong protection on inventions and processes via patent portfolios in both developing and industrialized countries. The IP framework is complex, and specialist patent lawyers are usually employed to perform such analysis, but the costs cannot always be met by small, publicly funded projects. We report an alternative strategy, a do‐it‐yourself patent analysis, to produce a review with limited legal value that can nevertheless lay the foundations for a subsequent more in‐depth professional freedom‐to‐operate opinion.
Androgenic capability among genotypes of winter and spring barley
Authors: Makowska Katarzyna , Oleszczuk Sylwia , Zimny Aleksandra , Czaplicki Andrzej , Zimny Janusz 
Published: October 2015

AbstractVariable efficiency of androgenesis remains a serious problem in many species of cereals. It is still unclear what makes certain genotypes more amenable to androgenesis than others. This study was undertaken to quantify the previously suspected advantage of winter barley genotypes over spring ones with regard to regeneration efficiency in anther culture. The material consisted of 40 barley hybrids originating from Polish breeding companies. The number of androgenic structures per 100 anthers did not differ significantly between analysed groups (119 vs. 152 non‐significant), but the average regeneration of green plants per 100 anthers was five times higher in winter genotypes (6.4 vs. 1.3). The incidence of albinism was lower for the winter than for the spring materials (70% vs. 90%), while the rate of spontaneous chromosome doubling was similar in both groups (58% vs. 56%). The results strongly support the notion that winter genotypes are more amenable to androgenesis and this may be a consequence of their better adaptation to stress conditions.
Analysis of S‐allele genetic diversity in Sicilian almond germplasm comparing different molecular methods
Authors: Currò Sergio , La Malfa Stefano , Distefano Gaetano , Long Guiyou , Sottile Francesco , Gentile Alessandra 
Published: October 2015

AbstractItalian almond germplasm is characterized by a wide diversity in several growing areas among which Sicily is one of the most important. Analysis with consensus and specific primers and DNA sequencing was performed to investigate S‐RNase genetic diversity and to elucidate the homology rate within a genetic pool of 27 Italian accessions. Interestingly, some of the self‐compatible cultivars did not show the presence of Sf allele. Amplicons from consensus and allele‐specific PCR primers revealed a high level of variability. Sequencing of all the S‐RNase amplicons derived from consensus primers allowed the identification of two new S‐RNase alleles (S51 and S52). Surprisingly, despite the AA replacement mutation, S51 did not exhibit any change of its S‐RNase function. Additionally, several mutations, with no effect on amino acid composition, were detected in the intron and/or in the ORF of four known alleles (Sg, S10, S31 and S35). Genetic variation, regarding point mutations and only detected by sequencing, was revealed among 11 of 27 tested cultivars. The new sources of variability might have an interest for product traceability.
Bayesian Regularization of the Length of Memory in Reversible Sequences
Authors: Bacallado Sergio , Pande Vijay , Favaro Stefano , Trippa Lorenzo 
Published: October 2015

Summary
Variable order Markov chains have been used to model discrete sequential data in a variety of fields. A host of methods exist to estimate the history-dependent lengths of memory which characterize these models and to predict new sequences. In several applications, the data-generating mechanism is known to be reversible, but combining this information with the procedures mentioned is far from trivial. We introduce a Bayesian analysis for reversible dynamics, which takes into account uncertainty in the lengths of memory. The model proposed is applied to the analysis of molecular dynamics simulations and compared with several popular algorithms.
Effects of Processing on the Acceptability of “Frozen” Extraposed Constituents
Authors: Hofmeister Philip , Culicover Peter , Winkler Susanne 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn syntactic theory, “freezing” refers to the idea that a constituent extraposed to a noncanonical position is resistant to extraction of any of its subconstituents (What did Terry see a movie yesterday about ———?). The unacceptability of such examples, compared to minimally different sentences without extraposition, has been claimed to be a result of a grammatical constraint on dependency formation, such as Ross's (1967) Frozen Structure Constraint. Here, we argue that the gradient pattern of acceptability associated with such examples is better explained in terms of processing complexity. Experimental evidence from a controlled acceptability task shows that the total penalty for extraction from extraposed constituents is predictable from the summed acceptability penalties independently linked to extraction and extraposition. As prior research links both of these displacement phenomena to increased processing costs, we conclude that a grammar of unbounded dependencies in English does not require a “freezing” constraint for the explanation of these cases.
Negative experiences and donor return: an examination of the role of asking for something different
Authors: Masser Barbara M. , Bove Liliana L. , White Katherine M. , Bagot Kathleen L. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDNegative donation experiences, including vasovagal reactions, deter donor retention. However, whether this deterrence effect varies as a function of whole blood (WB) donation history and requests to donate the same or a different product remains unclear.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe responses of 894 eligible WB donors who had been approached to convert to plasmapheresis and 954 eligible first‐time plasmapheresis donors who had been surveyed on their last donation experience and their intention to donate plasma were considered. This information was matched with individual vasovagal reaction records, deferral category, WB donation history, and subsequent donation behavioral data obtained from the blood collection agency.RESULTSPath analysis indicated that the application of a deferral and an officially recorded vasovagal reaction decreased donors' intentions to continue plasmapheresis donation, but had no effect on WB donors' intentions to convert to plasmapheresis. Consistent with past findings, vasovagal reactions occurred more frequently with female and inexperienced donors.CONCLUSIONExperiencing vasovagal reactions and deferrals may not universally deter donors from continuing to donate. Rather, the offer to convert to another form of donation—in this instance, plasmapheresis—after experiencing a negative donation event while donating WB may be sufficient to eliminate the deterrence effect on retention.
Avoiding Early Failures in Conjugate Cam Mechanism by Means of Different Design Strategies
Authors: Català Pau , Antònia De los Santos Maria , Veciana Joaquim M. , Cardona Salvador 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
To solve the indetermination of forces existing in a form-closed cam mechanism formed by conjugate cams, where the contact between the cams and the follower rollers is constantly ensured by only the geometry of the elements, dynamic models that consider the elasticity of the elements must be proposed. Because the stiffness of the main elements is associated with the elasticity of the solids, tight variations in manufacturing and assembly errors modify the effective interference fit, which significantly affects the expected fatigue life of the mechanism, leading to a premature failure of the elements due to surface fatigue. Based on a real industrial application of a conjugate cam mechanism and using lumped-parameter models, the objectives of this paper are: first, to show that it is difficult to achieve a pure form-closed conjugate cam mechanism, with the expected fatigue life of the mechanism, by using only standard tolerance specifications; second, to compare the expected fatigue life and motor torque with other cam mechanism design strategies such as force-closed and the combination of force-closed and form-closed strategies, known as force-closed conjugate cam strategy. This paper based on simulation results demonstrates that this latest strategy can, thanks to a better control of the preload, easily achieve results very similar to the theoretical ones of a form-closed conjugate cam mechanism. A prototype of the mechanism of the force-closed conjugate cam strategy is also built.
Luminescence imaging of water during proton‐beam irradiation for range estimation
Authors: Yamamoto Seiichi , Toshito Toshiyuki , Okumura Satoshi , Komori Masataka 
Published: October 2015

Purpose:Proton therapy has the ability to selectively deliver a dose to the target tumor, so the dose distribution should be accurately measured by a precise and efficient method. The authors found that luminescence was emitted from water during proton irradiation and conjectured that this phenomenon could be used for estimating the dose distribution.Methods:To achieve more accurate dose distribution, the authors set water phantoms on a table with a spot scanning proton therapy system and measured the luminescence images of these phantoms with a high‐sensitivity, cooled charge coupled device camera during proton‐beam irradiation. The authors imaged the phantoms of pure water, fluorescein solution, and an acrylic block.Results:The luminescence images of water phantoms taken during proton‐beam irradiation showed clear Bragg peaks, and the measured proton ranges from the images were almost the same as those obtained with an ionization chamber. Furthermore, the image of the pure‐water phantom showed almost the same distribution as the tap‐water phantom, indicating that the luminescence image was not related to impurities in the water. The luminescence image of the fluorescein solution had ∼3 times higher intensity than water, with the same proton range as that of water. The luminescence image of the acrylic phantom had a 14.5% shorter proton range than that of water; the proton range in the acrylic phantom generally matched the calculated value. The luminescence images of the tap‐water phantom during proton irradiation could be obtained in less than 2 s.Conclusions:Luminescence imaging during proton‐beam irradiation is promising as an effective method for range estimation in proton therapy.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Strains of Geobacillus stearothermophilus Isolated from a Milk Powder Manufacturing Plant
Authors: Burgess Sara A. , Cox Murray P. , Flint Steve H. , Lindsay Denise , Biggs Patrick J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Three strains of
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
(designated A1, P3, and D1) were isolated from a New Zealand milk powder manufacturing plant. Here, we describe their draft genome sequences. This information provided the first genomic insights into the nature of
G. stearothermophilus
strains present in the milk powder manufacturing environment.
Complete Genome Sequence of Kocuria palustris MU14/1
Authors: Calcutt Michael J. , Foecking Mark F. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Presented here is the first completely assembled genome sequence of
Kocuria palustris
, an actinobacterial species with broad ecological distribution. The single, circular chromosome of
K. palustris
MU14/1 comprises 2,854,447 bp, has a G+C content of 70.5%, and contains a deduced gene set of 2,521 coding sequences.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactobacillus gorillae Strain KZ01
T
, Isolated from a Western Lowland Gorilla
Authors: Tsuchida Sayaka , Nezuo Maiko , Tsukahara Masatoshi , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Hayashi Tetsuya , Ushida Kazunari 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Lactobacillus gorillae
strain KZ01
T
isolated from a western lowland gorilla (
Gorilla gorilla gorilla
). This genome sequence will be helpful for the comparative genomics between human and nonhuman primate-associated
Lactobacillus
.
Genome Sequences of Two Bacillus cereus Group Bacteriophages, Eyuki and AvesoBmore
Authors: Erill Ivan , Caruso Steven M. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

The genomes of two double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) bacteriophages isolated on
Bacillus thuringiensis
show similarity to previously sequenced phages and provide evidence of the mosaicism of phage genomes.
Genome Sequence of Acinetobacter baumannii Strain 5021_13, Isolated from Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Patil Prashant P. , Midha Samriti , Ray Pallab , Patil Prabhu B. , Gautam Vikas 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT

We report here the 4.1-Mb draft genome sequence of
Acinetobacter baumannii
strain 5021_13, a cerebrospinal fluid isolate from northern India. This genome information will help studies toward understanding the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this important nosocomial pathogen.
Effectiveness of hand hygiene interventions in reducing illness absence among children in educational settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Willmott Micky , Nicholson Alexandra , Busse Heide , MacArthur Georgina J , Brookes Sara , Campbell Rona 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish the effectiveness of handwashing in reducing absence and/or the spread of respiratory tract (RT) and/or gastrointestinal (GI) infection among school-aged children and/or staff in educational settings.DesignRandomised-controlled trials (RCTs).SettingSchools and other settings with a formal educational component in any country.PatientsChildren aged 3–11 years, and/or staff working with them.InterventionInterventions with a hand hygiene component.Main outcome measuresIncidence of RT or GI infections or symptoms related to such infections; absenteeism; laboratory results of RT and/or GI infections.ResultsEighteen cluster RCTs were identified; 13 school-based, 5 in child day care facilities or preschools. Studies were heterogeneous and had significant quality issues including small numbers of clusters and participants and inadequate randomisation. Individual study results suggest interventions may reduce children's absence, RT infection incidence and symptoms, and laboratory confirmed influenza-like illness. Evidence of impact on GI infection or symptoms was equivocal.ConclusionsStudies are generally not well executed or reported. Despite updating existing systematic reviews and identifying new studies, evidence of the effect of hand hygiene interventions on infection incidence in educational settings is mostly equivocal but they may decrease RT infection among children. These results update and add to knowledge about this crucial public health issue in key settings with a vulnerable population. More robust, well reported cluster RCTs which learn from existing studies, are required.
Effects of krill oil on endothelial function and other cardiovascular risk factors in participants with type 2 diabetes, a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lobraico Jessika M , DiLello Lauren C , Butler Amber D , Cordisco Marie Elena , Petrini Joann R , Ahmadi Ramin 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveThe purpose of this trial was to evaluate the effect of krill oil supplementation, a source of ω-3 fatty acids, on cardiovascular disease risk factors and blood glucose control among participants with type 2 diabetes.Research design and methodsA randomized, double-blind controlled cross-over trial was employed. Outcomes assessed were: endothelial function, blood lipids, glucose, glycated hemoglobin, serum antioxidant level, C peptide, and calculated Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) scores. Participants were randomized to either krill oil or olive oil supplementation for 4 weeks, underwent a 2-week washout period, and then crossed to the other supplementation for 4 weeks. All participants were then offered an additional 17 weeks of krill supplementation. Testing occurred at 3 time points: baseline, after first supplementation, and after second supplementation. Testing also occurred after an optional 17 weeks of krill oil supplementation. Difference scores were calculated for each participant in both sequences (ie, differences in outcome measures in the first and second period of the sequence). The mean and SD of the scores in the 2 sequence groups were used to test for differences between treatment effects at a significance level of p<0.05.ResultsA total of 47 participants were included in the initial cross-over study. Participants who received krill oil for 4 weeks had an improvement in their endothelial function and a reduction in blood C peptide levels and HOMA scores as compared with the olive oil. A total of 34 participants completed the additional 17-week supplementation period. When compared with their respective baseline measures, these participants had a statistically significant improvement in endothelial function and blood high-density lipoprotein (HDL).ConclusionsKrill oil may lead to moderate improvement of cardiovascular risks, specifically endothelial dysfunction and HDL in patients with type 2 diabetes.Trial registration numberRegistered with ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02091193.
Preferred and actual place of death in haematological malignancy
Authors: Howell D A , Wang H I , Roman E , Smith A G , Patmore R , Johnson M J , Garry A , Howard M 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesHome is considered the preferred place of death for many, but patients with haematological malignancies (leukaemias, lymphomas and myeloma) die in hospital more often than those with other cancers and the reasons for this are not wholly understood. We examined preferred and actual place of death among people with these diseases.MethodsThe study is embedded within an established population-based cohort of patients with haematological malignancies. All patients diagnosed at two of the largest hospitals in the study area between May 2005 and April 2008 with acute myeloid leukaemia, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or myeloma, who died before May 2010 were included. Data were obtained from medical records and routine linkage to national death records.Results323 deceased patients were included. A total of 142 (44%) had discussed their preferred place of death; 45.8% wanted to die at home, 28.2% in hospital, 16.9% in a hospice, 5.6% in a nursing home and 3.5% were undecided; 63.4% of these died in their preferred place. Compared to patients with evidence of a discussion, those without were twice as likely to have died within a month of diagnosis (14.8% vs 29.8%). Overall, 240 patients died in hospital; those without a discussion were significantly more likely to die in hospital than those who had (p≤0.0001). Of those dying in hospital, 90% and 75.8% received haematology clinical input in the 30 and 7 days before death, respectively, and 40.8% died in haematology areas.ConclusionsMany patients discussed their preferred place of death, but a substantial proportion did not and hospital deaths were common in this latter group. There is scope to improve practice, particularly among those dying soon after diagnosis. We found evidence that some people opted to die in hospital; the extent to which this compares with other cancers is of interest.
Mr Mawson's fossils
Authors: Maisey John G. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract

Joseph Mawson, a nineteenth-century British railway engineer and businessman in Brazil, discovered fossils from the Cretaceous of Bahia that were described by E. D. Cope and Arthur Smith Woodward. A biographical outline of Mawson is presented. Mawson's discoveries (especially the giant coelacanth fish
Mawsonia
, named after him by ASW) are interpreted today in the light of modern geological investigations.
Mawsonia
apparently lived in fluvial, lacustrine and brackish-water habitats in western Gondwana at the time South America separated from Africa. From the Late Jurassic until the Barremian,
Mawsonia
was widespread across western Gondwana, but its Aptian–Cenomanian records in South America are restricted to northeastern Brazil (including the Borborema tectonic province and adjacent areas to its north). In contrast,
Mawsonia
remained widespread in the Aptian–Cenomanian of Africa. Recently published data suggest that northeastern Brazil was still contiguous with Africa in the Aptian/Albian, although it was probably separated from the rest of South America by an epicontinental seaway that apparently followed an unconventional course across the Brazilian interior rather than along the present-day coastline. Aptian–Cenomanian records of
Mawsonia
and other non-marine taxa (including tetrapods) in northeastern Brazil may therefore represent ‘African’ rather than ‘South American’ biotas.