bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EAA/EMQN best practice guidelines for molecular diagnosis of Y‐chromosomal microdeletions: state‐of‐the‐art 2013
Authors: Krausz C. , Hoefsloot L. , Simoni M. , Tüttelmann F. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe molecular diagnosis of Y‐chromosomal microdeletions is a common routine genetic test which is part of the diagnostic workup of azoospermic and severe oligozoospermic men. Since 1999, the European Academy of Andrology (EAA) and the European Molecular Genetics Quality Network (EMQN) have been actively involved in supporting the improvement of the quality of the diagnostic assays by publication of the laboratory guidelines for molecular diagnosis of Y‐chromosomal microdeletions and by offering external quality assessment trials. The present revision of the 2004 laboratory guidelines summarizes all the clinical novelties related to the Y chromosome (classic, partial and gene‐specific deletions, genotype–phenotype correlations, methodological issues) and provides an update on the results of the quality control programme. These aspects also reflect the consensus of a large group of specialists present at a round table session during the recent Florence‐Utah‐Symposium on ‘Genetics of male infertility’ (Florence, 19–21 September, 2013). During the last 10 years the gr/gr deletion has been demonstrated as a significant risk factor for impaired sperm production. However, the screening for this deletion type in the routine diagnostic setting is still a debated issue among experts. The original basic protocol based on two multiplex polymerase chain reactions remains fully valid and appropriate for accurate diagnosis of complete AZF deletions and it requires only a minor modification in populations with a specific Y chromosome background. However, in light of novel data on genotype–phenotype correlations, the extension analysis for the AZFa and AZFb deletions is now routinely recommended. Novel methods and kits with excessively high number of markers do not improve the sensitivity of the test, may even complicate the interpretation of the results and are not recommended. Annual participation in an external quality control programme is strongly encouraged. The 12‐year experience with the EMQN/EAA scheme has shown a steep decline in diagnostic (genotyping) error rate and a simultaneous improvement on reporting practice.
Cellular evidence for selfish spermatogonial selection in aged human testes
Authors: Maher G. J. , Goriely A. , Wilkie A. O. M. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryOwing to a recent trend for delayed paternity, the genomic integrity of spermatozoa of older men has become a focus of increased interest. Older fathers are at higher risk for their children to be born with several monogenic conditions collectively termed paternal age effect (PAE) disorders, which include achondroplasia, Apert syndrome and Costello syndrome. These disorders are caused by specific mutations originating almost exclusively from the male germline, in genes encoding components of the tyrosine kinase receptor/RAS/MAPK signalling pathway. These particular mutations, occurring randomly during mitotic divisions of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), are predicted to confer a selective/growth advantage on the mutant SSC. This selective advantage leads to a clonal expansion of the mutant cells over time, which generates mutant spermatozoa at levels significantly above the background mutation rate. This phenomenon, termed selfish spermatogonial selection, is likely to occur in all men. In rare cases, probably because of additional mutational events, selfish spermatogonial selection may lead to spermatocytic seminoma. The studies that initially predicted the clonal nature of selfish spermatogonial selection were based on DNA analysis, rather than the visualization of mutant clones in intact testes. In a recent study that aimed to identify these clones directly, we stained serial sections of fixed testes for expression of melanoma antigen family A4 (MAGEA4), a marker of spermatogonia. A subset of seminiferous tubules with an appearance and distribution compatible with the predicted mutant clones were identified. In these tubules, termed ‘immunopositive tubules’, there is an increased density of spermatogonia positive for markers related to selfish selection (FGFR3) and SSC self‐renewal (phosphorylated AKT). Here we detail the properties of the immunopositive tubules and how they relate to the predicted mutant clones, as well as discussing the utility of identifying the potential cellular source of PAE mutations.
Suppressing thoughts of evaluation while being evaluated
Authors: Slepian Michael L. , Oikawa Masanori , Smyth Joshua M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThought suppression can cause ironic increases in the occurrence of intrusive thoughts. Intrusive thoughts of evaluation could be especially disruptive while undergoing evaluation. Such a context, however, could help suppression efforts as the context provides an external source for which to attribute suppression failures. When suppressing thoughts of evaluation in a non‐evaluative context (a context‐content mismatch), typical ironic effects of thought suppression occurred. There was no increased accessibility of evaluation, however, when suppressing evaluation in an evaluative context (a context‐content match), which allowed for attributing intrusive thoughts to the context, rather than the self, making suppression easier. Suppressing thoughts of evaluation may be beneficial in an evaluative context, suggesting that the consequences of willful suppression are moderated by context.
Different perceptions of self‐handicapping across college and work contexts
Authors: Park Sun W. , Brown Christina M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe investigated the effectiveness of self‐handicapping as an impression management strategy in college and work contexts. In contrast to past research in which college students are both targets and perceivers, we tested whether target status and perceiver status moderate perceptions of self‐handicappers. To this end, we manipulated whether the target was a college student or an adult worker, and we recruited as perceivers both college students (Study 1) and adult workers (Study 2). We additionally manipulated the target's behavior (self‐handicapping vs. control) and outcome (success vs. failure). The results revealed that self‐handicapping protected a student target (but not a worker) from negative evaluations (e.g., ability attributions) in the eyes of college students, particularly males. However, adult workers consistently judged self‐handicapping negatively.
Permanent maxillary canines – review of eruption pattern and local etiological factors leading to impaction
Authors: Sajnani Anand K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe position of the permanent maxillary canine at the angle of the mouth is strategically significant in maintaining the harmony and symmetry of the occlusal relationship. However, the maxillary canine is the second most frequently impacted tooth, with prevalence reported to be between 1% and 2%. Moreover, treatment of this condition is often complex and involves substantial time and financial cost. Hence, it is only prudent to monitor the eruption and identify the etiological factors that lead to impaction of the maxillary canine. Numerous researchers have tried to identify specific and nonspecific etiological factors responsible for displacement of canines. The purpose of this review was to track the development processes of maxillary canines and determine the hindrances that affect the eruption at different ages. Awareness of the eruption process and etiology of noneruption will help to reduce the incidence of impacted canines by allowing for early recognition and interceptive treatment.
Diagnostic dilemma of unicystic ameloblastoma: novel parameters to differentiate unicystic ameloblastoma from common odontogenic cysts
Authors: Gunawardhana Kuda Singappulige Niluka Darshani , Jayasooriya Primali Rukmal , Tilakaratne Wanninayake Mudiyanselage 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimDiagnostic criteria that have been specified for unicystic ameloblastomas (UAs) are not always helpful to differentiate these cystic tumors from common odontogenic cysts. The aim of this study therefore was to identify additional histopathological features (other than the features considered for the diagnosis of UA at present) that would be helpful to differentiate UA from odontogenic cysts.MethodsOne hundred histopathologically confirmed unicystic ameloblastomas and 20 cases each of radicular, inflamed dentigerous and non‐inflamed dentigerous cysts were selected. Histopathological features of the UAs that are not used as diagnostic criteria at present were identified.ResultsHyperplastic arcading epithelial proliferations with stellate‐reticulum‐like and vacuolated cells were always seen associated with inflammation in odontogenic cysts, while in UA plexiform‐like areas were also seen without inflammation (P < 0.001). In addition, a spiky rete pattern was observed in non‐inflamed UA while this pattern was observed only in inflamed odontogenic cysts. Furthermore, spiky retes together with subepithelial hyalinization were usually observed in UAs while only subepithelial hyalinization was observed in non‐inflamed dentigerous cysts.ConclusionsCombinations of histopathological features were identified to differentiate non‐inflamed UA from common odontogenic cysts. However, presence of inflammatory changes in UA precludes the use of features identified in the present study for diagnostic purposes.
Effect of phase 1 periodontal therapy on gingival crevicular fluid levels of matrix metalloproteinases‐3 and ‐13 in chronic periodontitis patients
Authors: Pawar Deepali D. , Mehta Dhoom S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to estimate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)‐3 and ‐13 in periodontally‐healthy controls and chronic periodontitis (CP) patients, and also to investigate the effect of phase 1 periodontal therapy on MMP‐3 and ‐13 levels in CP patients.MethodsFifty‐five systemically‐healthy patients were divided into two groups: group 1 (healthy) and group 2 (CP). The recording of clinical parameters and GCF sampling was done at baseline for both groups and again at 6 weeks post‐therapy for group 2. The MMP level was determined by ELISA.ResultsA significant increase in the mean MMP‐3 and ‐13 was found between healthy and CP patients. There was a statistically‐significant reduction of GCF MMP‐3 and ‐13 concentration after periodontal therapy in the CP group. A positive correlation was found between clinical parameters and GCF MMP‐3 and ‐13 levels.ConclusionsA lower concentration of GCF MMP‐3 and ‐13 was found in healthy patients, and a higher concentration was noted for CP patients, which was reduced after periodontal therapy. This indicates the important role played by these MMP in periodontal destruction. Thus, MMP‐3 and ‐13 could be used as inflammatory biomarkers in diagnosing periodontal disease severity.
Efficacy of tooth bleaching with the prior application of a desensitizing agent
Authors: do Carmo Públio Juliana , D'Arce Maria B. F. , Ambrosano Gláucia M. B. , Aguiar Flávio H. B. , Lovadino José R. , Paulillo Luís A. M. S. , Lima Débora A. N. L. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimIn the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of bleaching on enamel and opposite dentin surfaces using 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) with the prior application of a desensitizing agent.MethodsThirty bovine dental fragments, with thicknesses of 1 mm enamel and 1.75 mm dentin, were stained in a solution of black tea. The fragments were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10) according to the following protocols: (a) 2% neutral fluoride + bleaching; (b) desensitizing agent + bleaching; and (c) without desensitizer + bleaching. The bleaching efficacy was evaluated four times: after staining with tea (baseline) and after each of the 3 weeks of bleaching, by means of the CIE Lab method using a reflectance spectrophotometer. The data coordinate L* was evaluated by an analysis of repeated measures with PROC MIXED and Tukey–Kramer's test. The ΔE values were subjected to anova and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).ResultsThe 35% HP treatment showed greater efficacy on deep dentin after removal of the enamel stains, with increasing means during all times in all treatments.ConclusionThe use of a desensitizing agent prior to the bleaching session did not affect the mechanism of action of 35% HP with regard to tooth depth.
Physical well‐being in postoperative period: a survey in patients, nurses and physicians
Authors: Andión Óscar , Cañellas Montserrat , Baños Josep‐E 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo determine which unpleasant conditions might contribute to postoperative physical well‐being, as judged by patients, nurses and physicians.BackgroundHealthcare professionals have rarely assessed holistic postoperative well‐being. Most studies have focused on specific symptoms, and a broader survey is lacking.DesignA prospective study, which collected information on the causes of decreased physical well‐being in the postoperative period.MethodsThe study was carried out in 101 patients who subsequently underwent elective surgery, in 82 physicians and in 40 nurses, all from the same hospital. A questionnaire was used for each sample, which included an inventory of 12 items, which have been associated with the worsening of postoperative physical well‐being in the literature. Patients were asked to fill out the questionnaire on the second or third postoperative day and score each item from 0–10.ResultsPhysicians rated pain (8·45), vomiting (6·68) and nausea (6·55) the highest. Nurses scored pain (8·48), nasogastric tube (7·13) and nausea (7·10) at the top. Insomnia and oxygen mask were scored significantly higher by nurses than by physicians. Patients scored pain (5·41) and movement restriction (4·62) the highest. When departments were compared, statistical differences were seen in nausea, vomiting, intravenous drips, nasogastric tube and oxygen mask.ConclusionsThis survey shows that there is a general agreement between nurses and physicians regarding what contributes to decreased postoperative physical well‐being, with few exceptions. However, healthcare professionals may differently rate some items that patients find as the most troubling.Relevance to clinical practiceThis survey shows that, besides pain, other symptoms can affect the physical well‐being of patients during the postoperative period. Alleviation of some symptoms and the use of medical devices only when they are really needed may help to improve the well‐being of patients.
Exploring interference from analgesia in patients with cancer pain: a longitudinal qualitative study
Authors: Manzano Ana , Ziegler Lucy , Bennett Mike 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo increase understanding of the impact of analgesic side effects in patients with cancer pain.BackgroundStudies in the area of cancer pain often refer to the need to find a satisfactory balance between analgesics and side effects as the key to cancer pain management. We explore how patients achieve this balance, its components and how it affects pain treatment adherence.DesignAn exploratory longitudinal study using qualitative research methodology.MethodsTwenty‐five semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews with patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers. Longitudinal interviews were conducted with patients (n = 11) at six‐week intervals over three months. Eleven first interviews, eight second interviews and six third interviews were completed with attrition due to death or ill health. Ten of the 25 interviews included caregivers.ResultsHow cancer pain analgesics interfere with patients' life determines their adherence to the prescribed treatment. Compromises were made to manage three elements: pain, cognitive adverse effects of analgesics and physical activity. Negotiations and choices within this triad fluctuated and were determined by multiple psychosocial circumstances affecting patients and their caregivers varying from simple to complex. Patients with cancer and their caregivers actively managed the interference of analgesic drugs in their cognitive abilities and displayed a variety of nonadherence behaviours.ConclusionFurther understanding of the role of analgesic side effects in the success of cancer pain management in patients is needed. This would enable clinicians to frame an optimal pain management plan.Relevance to clinical practiceClinicians should advise their patients about side effects of analgesic drugs, specifically the impact that cognitive alterations might have on their lives and subsequent adherence behaviour. Helping patients to achieve a balance between pain, adverse effects and physical function should have a key place in pain management strategies with advanced cancer.
Intensive care survivors' experiences of ward‐based care: Meleis' theory of nursing transitions and role development among critical care outreach services
Authors: Ramsay Pam , Huby Guro , Thompson Andrew , Walsh Tim 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo explore the psychosocial needs of patients discharged from intensive care, the extent to which they are captured using existing theory on transitions in care and the potential role development of critical care outreach, follow‐up and liaison services.BackgroundIntensive care patients are at an increased risk of adverse events, deterioration or death following ward transfer. Nurse‐led critical care outreach, follow‐up or liaison services have been adopted internationally to prevent these potentially avoidable sequelae. The need to provide patients with psychosocial support during the transition to ward‐based care has also been identified, but the evidence base for role development is currently limited.Design and methodsTwenty participants were invited to discuss their experiences of ward‐based care as part of a broader study on recovery following prolonged critical illness. Psychosocial distress was a prominent feature of their accounts, prompting secondary data analysis using Meleis et al.'s mid‐range theory on experiencing transitions.ResultsParticipants described a sense of disconnection in relation to profound debilitation and dependency and were often distressed by a perceived lack of understanding, indifference or insensitivity among ward staff to their basic care needs. Negotiating the transition between dependence and independence was identified as a significant source of distress following ward transfer. Participants varied in the extent to which they were able to express their needs and negotiate recovery within professionally mediated boundaries.ConclusionThese data provide new insights into the putative origins of the psychosocial distress that patients experience following ward transfer.Relevance to clinical practiceMeleis et al.'s work has resonance in terms of explicating intensive care patients' experiences of psychosocial distress throughout the transition to general ward–based care, such that the future role development of critical care outreach, follow‐up and liaison services may be more theoretically informed.
Valuing narrative in the care of older people: a framework of narrative practice for older adult residential care settings
Authors: Buckley Catherine , McCormack Brendan , Ryan Assumpta 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo report on the development of a framework of narrative practice, in residential care settings for older people.BackgroundResidential care settings for older people provide care for people who are no longer able to live in their own home. To date, the impact and structure of nursing practice on care provision in these settings has proved difficult to conceptualise within a specific nursing theory framework.DesignA hermeneutic approach incorporating narrative methods was used.MethodsForty‐six narrative interviews with older people in residential care were secondary‐analysed for key themes through a three‐stage process: by the first author, four focus groups of 12 clinical nurse managers and two independent experts. Themes were also derived from a focus group of eight residents who explored person‐centredness and narrative. Finally, the combined findings were used to derive a single set of themes.ResultsThe secondary data analysis process led to the development of a framework of narrative practice for the care of older people in residential settings. The framework is influenced by narrative enquiry, person‐centred practice and practice development. It has four pillars, prerequisites, care processes, care environment and narrative aspects of care. To operationalise the framework of narrative practice, three narrative elements, narrative knowing, narrative being and narrative doing, need to be considered. Working with the foundational pillars and the narrative elements would enable staff to ‘work in a storied way’ and provide person‐centred outcomes and a narrative informed philosophy of care for older adults in residential care.ConclusionThis framework provides nurses with a template that confirms the identity of the older person taking account of their biography.Relevance to clinical practiceThe framework outlines an approach that provides staff with a template on how to provide person‐centred care in a narrative way.
Nurses' knowledge of evidence‐based guidelines on the prevention of peripheral venous catheter‐related infections: a multicentre survey
Authors: Cicolini Giancarlo , Simonetti Valentina , Comparcini Dania , Labeau Sonia , Blot Stijn , Pelusi Gilda , Di Giovanni Pamela 
Published: December 2013

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate nurses' knowledge of guidelines for preventing infections associated with peripheral venous catheters.BackgroundGuidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter‐related infections are an important tool to help healthcare professionals minimise the risk of infection. However, they are not always applied by nurses. The literature on this topic is limited, and no study examined this matter for peripheral venous catheters.DesignThis cross‐sectional study was carried out from November 2011–June 2012.MethodsThe nurses' knowledge of peripheral venous catheter guidelines and its association with gender, experience, education and the ward membership was assessed using a validated questionnaire.ResultsSixteen hospitals from six regions of Italy participated, and 933 questionnaires were collected. Most participants were female (70·1%), undergraduate (51·8%), worked in medical (35·8%) and surgical departments (28·0%), and had >10 years of experience (55·0%). The median score on 10 questions was 6 of 10.A majority of nurses knew it is recommended to replace peripheral venous catheters routinely (90·0%), to perform an aseptic technique during connecting/disconnecting the infusive lines (55·2%), and to replace the administration set <24 hour when lipid emulsions have been infused (88·4%). Of note, 52·6% of nurses advocated the use of steel needles, a potentially dangerous practice.In multivariate analysis, a higher level of education and the area of work were associated with better test scores.ConclusionThe sample of nurses' knowledge to some recommendations is frequently low. This could be a potential risk factor for patient safety. The results should sensitise healthcare managers to improve nursing training and education, according to clinical risk management perspectives.Relevance to clinical practiceThese data request for more emphasis on international guidelines in infection prevention initiatives.