bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of Meal Practices and other Dietary Correlates with Dietary Intake among High School Students in the United States, 2010
Authors: Demissie Zewditu , Eaton Danice K. , Lowry Richard , Kim Sonia A. , Park Sohyun , Grimm Kirsten A. , Merlo Caitlin , Harris Diane M. 
Published: November 2014

Purpose. To examine behavioral and environmental factors that may be related to dietary behaviors among U.S. high school students. Design. Data were obtained from the 2010 National Youth Physical Activity and Nutrition Study, a cross-sectional study. Setting. The study was school-based. Subjects. Study subjects were a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9 to 12 (n = 11,458). Measures. Variables of interest included meal practices, in-home snack availability, and intakes of healthful foods/beverages (fruits, vegetables, water, and milk) and less healthful foods/beverages (fried potatoes, pizza, and sugar-sweetened beverages). Analysis. Sex-stratified logistic regression models were used to examine associations of meal practices and snack availability with dietary intake. Odds ratios (ORs) were adjusted for race/ethnicity and grade. Results. Eating breakfast daily, frequent family dinners, and bringing lunch from home were associated with higher odds of consuming at least three healthful foods or beverages. High fast-food intake was associated with lower odds of healthful dietary intake and higher odds of sugar-sweetened beverage intake (female OR = 3.73, male OR = 4.60). Students who mostly/always had fruits and vegetables available at home had increased odds of fruits (female OR = 3.04, male OR = 2.24), vegetables (female OR = 2.12, male OR = 1.65), water (female OR = 1.82, male OR = 1.85), and milk intake (female OR = 1.45, male OR = 1.64). Conclusion. Encouraging daily breakfast consumption, frequent family dinners, and fruit and vegetable availability at home may lead to higher intakes of healthful foods among high school students.
Relationship between Intervention Dose and Outcomes in Living Well with Diabetes—A Randomized Trial of a Telephone-Delivered Lifestyle-Based Weight Loss Intervention
Authors: Goode Ana D. , Winkler Elisabeth A. H. , Reeves Marina M. , Eakin Elizabeth G. 
Published: November 2014

Purpose. To examine associations of intervention dose with weight, physical activity, glycemic control, and diet outcomes in a randomized trial of a telephone counseling intervention. Design. Study design was a secondary analysis of intervention group. Setting. Study setting was primary care practices in a disadvantaged community in Australia. Subjects. Participants were adult patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 151). Intervention. Up to 27 telephone counseling calls were made during 18 months. Measures. Intervention dose was assessed as the number of calls completed (in tertile categories). Primary outcomes were weight and HbA1c, and moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity via accelerometer. Secondary outcomes were dietary energy intake and diet quality via a validated questionnaire. Analysis. Analyses employed were bivariate associations of call completion with sociodemographics, and confounder-adjusted linear mixed models for associations of call completion with outcomes (multiple imputation of missing data). Results. Only previous diagnosis of depression/anxiety had a statistically significant (p= .008) association with call completion. Call completion was significantly associated with weight loss (p < .001) but not the other outcomes (p > .05). Relative to low call completion, mean weight loss (as a percentage of baseline weight) was greater in the high–call completion group by −3.3% (95% confidence interval, −5.0% to −1.5%). Conclusion. Increased dose of intervention was associated with greater weight loss. More needs to be done to retain patients for the duration of weight loss and behavior change interventions, particularly those with diabetes and comorbid depression, who were the most difficult to engage.
Association of Concurrent Healthy Eating and Regular Physical Activity with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in U.S. Youth
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Lee I-Min , Andersen Ross E. , Crespo Carlos J. , Smit Ellen 
Published: November 2014

Purpose. Examine whether concurrently consuming a healthy diet and regularly being physically active among U.S. youth is more favorably associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers than other physical activity and dietary patterns. Design. Cross-sectional. Setting. United States (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) 2003–2006. Subjects. Two thousand six hundred twenty-nine youth (6–17 years). Measures. Healthy Eating Index (HEI), accelerometer-determined physical activity, biomarkers, and anthropometry. Four categories were created: consuming a healthy diet (top 40% of HEI) and active (sufficient to meet guidelines); unhealthy diet and active; healthy diet and inactive; and unhealthy diet and inactive. Analysis. Multivariable regression. Results. Children consuming a healthy diet and who were active had significantly lower waist circumference (β = −5.5, p < .006), C-reactive protein (CRP) (β = –.2, p < .006), and triglycerides (β = −27.9, p < .006) than children consuming an unhealthy diet and who were inactive. Children engaging in both healthy behaviors had significantly lower CRP (β = –.11, p < .001) and total cholesterol levels (β = −7.8, p = .004) than those only engaging in sufficient activity; there were no significant differences in biomarker levels among children engaging in both healthy behaviors and those only consuming a healthy diet. No associations were significant for adolescents. Conclusion. Concurrent healthy eating and regular physical activity among children is favorably associated with CVD biomarkers when compared with unhealthy diet and inactivity.
Optimal Rules for Central Bank Interest Rates Subject to Zero Lower Bound
Authors: Singh Ajay Pratap , Nikolaou Michael 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The celebrated Taylor rule provides a simple formula that aims to capture how the central bank interest rate is adjusted as a linear function of inflation and output gap. However, the rule does not take explicitly into account the zero lower bound on the interest rate. Prior studies on interest rate selection subject to the zero lower bound have not produced derivations of explicit formulas. In this work, Taylor-like rules for central bank interest rates bounded below by zero are derived rigorously using a multi-parametric model predictive control framework. This framework is used to derive rules with or without inertia. The proposed approach is illustrated through simulations. Application of the approach to US economy data demonstrates its relevance and provides insight into the objectives underlying central bank interest rate decisions. A number of issues for future study are proposed.
Socialisatie van ambtenaren: een kritische reflectie
Authors: Kwakkelstein Tobias , Beaumont Jet 
Published: November 2014

Socialization of civil servants in The Netherlands: a critical reflection
The changes in the role of government raise questions about the training and socialization of Dutch public servants. How can civil servants and their organizations prepare for what it means to be a civil servant in the 21st century? In this article, the authors give an overview of training and other means of socialization for public servants. They conclude that there is hardly any evidence of universal and coherent means to shape the collective identity of civil servants, and suggest ways to improve this.
Governance van woningcorporaties
Authors: Priemus Hugo 
Published: November 2014

Governance of Dutch housing associations
This contribution presents a review of four publications, selected as building blocks for designing a policy for competent governance of Dutch housing associations. These publications are about:

hybrid organisations: Verhoef & Simon (2001);

securing public interests: WRR (2000);

problems around core tasks, side activities and achievements of housing associations: ARK (2014);

the complex separation of social and commercial activities: CFV (2014).

After analyzing these four publications, a proposal is presented for the future governance of Dutch housing associations. An exclusive orientation on social activities, a discontinuation of commercial activities and a termination of state aid are suggested
Recorregut de recerca geològica i mineralògica per las subcomarques del Lluçanès i del Moianès (comarques d´Osona i del Bages): des de Collsuspina a l´Estany, Oristà i a Sant Feliu Sasserra
Authors: Mata Perelló Josep Maria , Sanz Balagué Joaquim 
Published: November 2014

Itinerari realitzat el 4 de maig del 2013. En aquesta ocasió, el recorregut de d’itinerari discorrerà, en la seva totalitat per la Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre (i més concretament, ho farà pel seu sector corresponent a la seva Depressió Central). Així, des del seu inici a la localitat osonenca (i moianenca, alhora) de Collsuspina, fins la fi del recorregut a la localitat bagenca (i lluçanenca, alhora) de Sant Feliu Sasserra, tot el recorregut es desenvoluparà dintre de l´esmentada Depressió Geològica de l´Ebre, entre afloraments dels materials cenozoics que reblen aquesta depressió. Per d’altra banda, el recorregut de d’itinerari discorrerà íntegrament per les subcomarques del Moianès i del Lluçanès, Així, s´iniciarà al terme de Collsuspina, dintre de la comarca d´Osona (a la subcomarca del Moianès). Tot seguit anirà cap a l´Estany (de la comarca del Bages i subcomarca del Moianès). Tot seguit, el recorregut entrarà al Lluçanès, per Oristà (de la comarca d´Osona), per a finalitzar a Sant Feliu Sasserra, dintre de la subcomarca del Lluçanès (però dintre de la comarca del Bages).
The Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Survival of the Composite Graft and the Proper Time of Injection in a Rabbit Ear Composite Graft Model
Authors: Choi Hyun Nam , Han Yea Sik , Kim Sin Rak , Kim Han Kyeol , Kim Hyun , Park Jin Hyung 
Published: November 2014

Background Administration of growth factors has been associated with increased viability of composite grafts greater than 1-cm in diameter. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains many of the growth factors studied. In this study, we evaluate the effect of PRP injection on composite graft viability and the proper time for injection.
Methods A total of 24 New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four groups. Autologous PRP was injected into the recipient sites three days before grafting in group 1, on the day of grafting in group 2, and three days after grafting in group 3. Group 4 served as control without PRP administration. Auricular composite grafts of 3-cm diameter were harvested and grafted back into place after being rotated 180 degrees. Median graft viability and microvessel density were evaluated at day 21 of graft via macroscopic photographs and immunofluorescent staining, respectively.
Results The median graft survival rate was 97.8% in group 1, 69.2% in group 2, 55.7% in group 3, and 40.8% in the control group. The median vessel counts were 34 (per ×200 HPF) in group 1, 24.5 in group 2, 19.5 in group 3, and 10.5 in the control group.
Conclusions This study demonstrates that PRP administration is associated with increased composite graft viability. All experimental groups showed a significantly higher survival rate and microvessel density, compared with the control group. Pre-administration of PRP was followed by the highest graft survival rate and revascularization. PRP treatments are minimally invasive, fast, easily applicable, and inexpensive, and offer a potential clinical pathway to larger composite grafts.
Influence of Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy on Tissue Oxygenation of the Foot
Authors: Shon Yoo-Seok , Lee Ye-Na , Jeong Seong-Ho , Dhong Eun-Sang , Han Seung-Kyu 
Published: November 2014

Background Negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is believed to accelerate wound healing by altering wound microvascular blood flow. Although many studies using laser Doppler have found that NPWT increases perfusion, recent work using other modalities has demonstrated that perfusion is reduced. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of NPWT on tissue oxygenation of the foot, which is the most sensitive region of the body to ischemia.
Methods Transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (TcpO2) was used to determine perfusion beneath NPWT dressings of 10 healthy feet. The sensor was placed on the tarso-metatarsal area of the foot and the NPWT dressing was placed above the sensor. TcpO2 was measured until it reached a steady plateau state. The readings obtained at the suction-on period were compared with the initial baseline (pre-suction) readings.
Results TcpO2 decreased significantly immediately after applying NPWT, but gradually increased over time until reaching a steady plateau state. The decrease in TcpO2 from baseline to the steady state was 2.9 to 13.9 mm Hg (mean, 9.3±3.6 mm Hg; 13.5±5.8%; P<0.01). All feet reached a plateau within 20 to 65 minutes after suction was applied.
Conclusions NPWT significantly decrease tissue oxygenation of the foot by 2.9 to 13.9 mm Hg. NPWT should be used with caution on feet that do not have adequate tissue oxygenation for wound healing.
Orbital Wall Restoring Surgery in Pure Blowout Fractures
Authors: Lim Nam Kyu , Kang Dong Hee , Oh Sang Ah , Gu Ja Hea 
Published: November 2014

Background Restoring orbital volume in large blowout fractures is still a technically challenge to the orbital surgeon. In this study, we restored the orbital wall using the combination of transorbital and transnasal approach with additional supports from the paranasal sinuses, and we compared the surgical outcome to that of a conventional transorbital method.
Methods A retrospective review of all patients with pure unilateral blowout fractures between March 2007 and March 2013 was conducted. 150 patients were classified into two groups according to the surgical method: conventional transorbital method (group A, 75 patients, control group), and the combination of transorbital and transnasal approach with additional supports from the paranasal sinuses (group B, 75 patients, experimental group). Each group was subdivided depending on fracture location: group I (inferior wall), group IM (inferomedial wall), and group M (medial wall). The surgical results were assessed by the Hertel scale and a comparison of preoperative and postoperative orbital volume ratio (OVR) values.
Results In the volumetric analysis, the OVR decreased more by the experimental groups than each corresponding control groups (P<0.05). Upon ophthalmic examination, neither the differences among the groups in the perioperative Hertel scale nor the preoperative and postoperative Hertel scales were statistically significant (P>0.05).
Conclusions Our surgical results suggest that orbital volume was more effectively restored by the combination of transorbital and transnasal approach with additional supports from the paranasal sinuses than the conventional method, regardless of the type of fracture.
An Algorithm to Guide Recipient Vessel Selection in Cases of Free Functional Muscle Transfer for Facial Reanimation
Authors: Henry Francis P , Leckenby Jonathan I , Butler Daniel P , Grobbelaar Adriaan O 
Published: November 2014

Background The aim of this study was to review the recipient vessels used in our cases of facial reanimation with free functional muscle transfer and to identify patient variables that may predict when the facial vessels are absent. From this we present a protocol for vessel selection in cases when the facial artery and/or vein are absent.Methods Patients were identified from November 2006 to October 2013. Data was collected on patient demographics, facial palsy aetiology, history of previous facial surgery/trauma and flap/recipient vessels used. A standard operative approach was adopted and performed by a single surgeon.Results Eighty-seven eligible patients were identified for inclusion amongst which 98 hemifaces were operated upon. The facial artery and vein were the most commonly used recipient vessels (90% and 83% of patients, respectively). Commonly used alternative vessels were the transverse facial vein and superficial temporal artery. Those with congenital facial palsy were significantly more likely to lack a suitable facial vein (P=0.03) and those with a history of previous facial surgery or trauma were significantly more likely to have an absent facial artery and vein (P<0.05).Conclusions Our algorithm can help to guide vessel selection cases of facial reanimation with free functional muscle transfer. Amongst patients with congenital facial palsy or in those with a previous history of facial surgery or trauma, the facial vessels are more likely to be absent and so the surgeon should then look towards the transverse facial vein and superficial temporal artery as alternative recipient structures.
Autologous Fat Graft in the Reconstructed Breast: Fat Absorption Rate and Safety based on Sonographic Identification
Authors: Kim Hong Youl , Jung Bok Ki , Lew Dae Hyun , Lee Dong Won 
Published: November 2014

Background Autologous fat graft has become a useful technique for correction of acquired contour deformity in reconstructed breasts. However, there remains controversial regarding the efficacy and safety of the practice for reconstructive breast surgery.
Methods A retrospective review was performed on 102 patients who had secondary fat grafting after breast reconstruction. Fat harvest, refinement and injection were done by Coleman's technique. All patients were followed up postoperatively within 1 month and after 6 months including physical examination and ultrasonography. In 38 patients, the reabsorption rate was calculated by serial changes of thickness between skin and pectoral fascia in the ultrasonic finding. Locoregional recurrence rate was compared with control group of 449 patients who had breast reconstruction without fat graft in the same time period.
Results Average 49.3 mL fat was injected into each breast. The most common location of fat graft was upper pole, followed by axilla, lower and medial breasts. During 28.7 months of average follow-up period, 2.9% of total patients had symptoms of palpable mass on fat graft side and ultrasonography identified fat necrosis and cyst formation in 17.6% of the patients. Calculated fat reabsorption rate was 32.9%. Locoregional recurrence was occurred in 1 patient (0.9%) and the rate was not different significantly with control group (2%).
Conclusions Although further studies are required to provide surgeons with definitive guidelines for the implementation of fat grafting, we propose autologous fat graft is an efficient and safe technique for secondary breast reconstruction.
Gynecomastia Surgery Is Associated with Improved Nipple Location in Young Korean Patients
Authors: Lee Bo Hyung , Kwon Yu Jin , Park Jang Wan , Hwang Jae Ha , Kim Kwang Seog , Lee Sam Yong 
Published: November 2014

Background Gynecomastia is benign enlargement of breast tissue in males and is fairly common. Mastectomy not only helps in improving the shape of anterior chest, but can also improve the location of nipple. Therefore, a principle element of mastectomy design is defining the normal location of nipple based on major anatomical reference points. Here, the nipple location was compared for before and after gynecomastia surgery. In addition, the same was also compared between male patients undergoing gynecomastia surgery and control group of subjects without gynecomastia.
Methods We retrospectively analyzed gynecomastia patients who underwent conventional subcutaneous mastectomy. Preoperative and postoperative anatomical landmark distances and chest circumferences were measured and compared to the same anthropometric data from 20 healthy adult male controls.
Results Nipple locations were compared among 13 patients and 20 controls. The mean weight of resected breast tissue was 246 g, and overall patient satisfaction grade was 4.3 out of 5. In the patient group, the slopes for the height-distance from the sternal notch to the nipple and chest circumference-distance between the mid-line of the sternum and the nipple were 0.175 and 0.125 postoperatively, respectively. The slopes of the control group were 0.122 and 0.177, respectively; these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).
Conclusions Nipple positions were considerably lower in patients with gynecomastia than in control subjects. Subcutaneous mastectomy was associated with mild elevations, but postoperative locations were still lower compared to controls. Further efforts are needed to improve the location of postoperative nipple-areola complex in patients with gynecomastia.
The Effectiveness of Mapping Biopsy in Patients with Extramammary Paget's Disease
Authors: Kim Byung Jun , Park Shin Ki , Chang Hak 
Published: November 2014

Background Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is an intraepithelial carcinoma usually occurring on the skin or mucosa of the perineum. Clinically, it resembles eczema or dermatitis, and misdiagnosis and treatment delays are common. The treatment of choice for EMPD is a wide excision with adequate margins. Wide excision with intraoperative frozen biopsy and Mohs micrographic surgery are common methods; however, these are associated with a high recurrence rate and long operation time, respectively.
Methods Between January 2010 and June 2013, 21 patients diagnosed with EMPD underwent mapping biopsy. Biopsy specimens were collected from at least 10 areas, 2 cm from the tumor margin. When the specimens were positive for malignancy, additional mapping biopsy was performed around the biopsy site of the positive result, and continued until no cancer cells were found. Based on the results, excision margins and reconstruction plans were established preoperatively.
Results The patients (18 male, 3 female) had a mean age of 66.5 years (range, 50-82 years). Almost all cases involved in the perineal area, except one case of axillary involvement. Permanent biopsy revealed one case (4.8%) of positive cancer cells on the resection margin, in which additional mapping biopsy and re-operation was performed. At the latest follow-up (mean, 27.4 months; range, 12-53 months), recurrence had not occurred.
Conclusions Preoperative mapping biopsy enables accurate resection margins and a preoperative reconstructing plan. Additionally, it reduces the operation time and risk of recurrence. Accordingly, it represents an effective alternative to Mohs micrographic surgery and wide excision with intraoperative frozen biopsy.