bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomechanical consequences of epiphytism in intertidal macroalgae
Authors: Anderson Laura M. , Martone Patrick T. 
Published: December 2013

Summary
Epiphytic algae grow on other algae rather than hard substrata, perhaps circumventing competition for space in marine ecosystems. Aquatic epiphytes are widely thought to negatively affect host fitness; it is also possible that epiphytes benefit from associating with hosts. This study explored biomechanical costs and benefits of the epiphytic association between the intertidal brown algal epiphyte, Soranthera ulvoidea, and its red algal host, Odonthalia floccosa. Drag on epiphytized and unepiphytized hosts was measured in a recirculating water flume. A typical epiphyte load increased drag on hosts by approximately 50%, increasing dislodgment risk of epiphytized hosts compared to hosts without epiphytes. However, epiphytes were more likely to dislodge from hosts than hosts were to dislodge from the substratum, suggesting that drag added by epiphytes may not be mechanically harmful to hosts if epiphytes break first. Concomitantly, epiphytes experienced reduced flow when attached to hosts, perhaps allowing them to grow larger or live in more wave-exposed areas. Biomechanical interactions between algal epiphytes and hosts are complex and not necessarily negative, which may partially explain the evolution and persistence of epiphytic relationships.
Autonomous changes in the swimming direction of sperm in the gastropodStrombus luhuanus
Authors: Shiba Kogiku , Shibata Daisuke , Inaba Kazuo 
Published: December 2013

SummaryThe sperm of the gastropod Strombus luhuanus show dimorphism. The eusperm have a nucleus and fertilize the egg, whereas the other type of sperm, parasperm, are anucleate and are thought to assist fertilization. Here we report the autonomous changes in the swimming pattern of S. luhuanus eusperm. In artificial sea water (ASW), the eusperm collected from S. luhuanus sperm ducts formed sperm bundles and initially swam backward with asymmetric flagellar waveforms to detach from the bundles. One hour later, the sperm began to swim forward and in a circle. After an additional 1-h incubation, the sperm swam straight with a change in the flagellar waveforms from asymmetric to symmetric. Spontaneous backward swimming with symmetric waveforms was also observed. The eusperm stored in the female seminal receptacle were motile and showed forward symmetric swimming with spontaneous backward swimming, which appeared necessary for detachment from the wall of receptacle. All of these motility changes were observed in the absence of parasperm, suggesting that these changes autonomously occur in eusperm. Our waveform analysis of these swimming patterns revealed that only the swimming with symmetric waveform showed reverse propagation of the flagellar waveforms. Both types of backward swimming were diminished in Ca2+-free sea water and in sea water containing Ni2+, indicating the regulation of swimming direction by Ca2+-dependent signal transduction.
Decreased hydrogen peroxide production and mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle but not cardiac muscle of the green-striped burrowing frog, a natural model of muscle disuse
Authors: Reilly Beau D. , Hickey Anthony J.R. , Cramp Rebecca L. , Franklin Craig E. 
Published: December 2013

Summary
Suppression of disuse-induced muscle atrophy has been associated with altered mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mammals. However, despite extended hindlimb immobility aestivating animals exhibit little skeletal muscle atrophy compared with artificially-immobilised mammalian models. Therefore, we studied mitochondrial respiration and ROS (H2O2) production in permeabilised muscle fibres of the green-striped burrowing frog, Cyclorana alboguttata. Mitochondrial respiration within saponin-permeabilised skeletal and cardiac muscle fibres was measured concurrently with ROS production using high-resolution respirometry coupled to custom-made fluorometers. After four months of aestivation, C. alboguttata had significantly depressed whole body metabolism by approximately 70% relative to control (active) frogs, and mitochondrial respiration in saponin-permeabilised skeletal muscle fibres decreased by almost 50% both in the absence of ADP and during oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial ROS production showed up to an 88% depression in aestivating skeletal muscle when malate, succinate and pyruvate were present at concentrations likely reflecting those in vivo. The percentage ROS released per O2 molecule consumed was also approximately 94 % less at these concentrations indicating an intrinsic difference in ROS production capacities during aestivation. We also examined mitochondrial respiration and ROS production in permeabilised cardiac muscle fibres and found that aestivating frogs maintained respiratory flux and ROS production at control levels. These results show that aestivating C. alboguttata has the capacity to independently regulate mitochondrial function in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Furthermore, this work indicates that ROS production can be suppressed in the disused skeletal muscle of aestivating frogs, which may in turn protect against potential oxidative damage and preserve skeletal muscle structure during aestivation and following arousal.
How to assess investment appeal of a road-building enterprise
Authors: Пашков  , Pashkov K. , Медушевская  , Medushevskaya Inna 
Published: December 2013

Relative assessment of a road-building company with both the rating and the
integral methods is demonstrated through the example of four real roadbuilding
enterprises based in the Penza Region. Strengths, weaknesses and
limitations of each method are outlined. It is pointed out that the integral method
provides more unbiased assessment of investment appeal.
Thorough financial analysis would allow to develop relevant measures to
enhance investment potential and reduce investment risks of the enterprise in
question. It is proposed to use qualitative variables when assessing the
investment appeal of a business. For the purpose the author has developed a set
of measures conducive to investment appeal enhancement.
Neosiphonia baliana sp. nov. and N. silvae sp. nov. (Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from Bali, Indonesia
Authors: Bustamante Danilo Edson , Won Boo Yeon , Cho Tae Oh 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Worldwide, 32 species have been recognized in the genus Neosiphonia. We describe two new species of the genus from Bali, Indonesia, based on morphological and molecular data. Neosiphonia baliana sp. nov. is recognized by having rhizoids cut off from the proximal end of pericentral cells, axes with five pericentral cells, axes ecorticate throughout, the absence of trichoblasts and scar cells, the straight arrangement of tetrasporangia, and spermatangia arising from a basal cell without the production of trichoblasts. Neosiphonia silvae sp. nov. is characterized by having rhizoids cut off from the proximal end of pericentral cells, axes with four pericentral cells, axes ecorticate throughout, production of abundant trichoblasts near the apices, prominent scar cells, an exceedingly prominent apical cell at axis tips, and one or two tetrasporangia per branch. Phylogenetic analyses of rbcL indicated that our N. baliana sp. nov. and N. silvae sp. nov. fall in the genus Neosiphonia, and we distinguish them on the basis of morphological features from other congeneric species.
Distinct localization of septin proteins to ciliary sub-compartments in airway epithelial cells
Authors: Fliegauf Manfred , Kahle Anja , Häffner Karsten , Zieger Barbara 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Mucociliary clearance of the airways is accomplished by cilia-mediated laminar mucus flow along the planar epithelial surface. Maintenance of the highly specific architecture of the ciliated airway epithelium with columnar-shaped epithelial cells and tightening of the epithelial barrier is mainly attributed to the F-actin cytoskeleton. Recently, members of the highly conserved family of septin proteins have been shown to play crucial roles in ciliated tissue. These GTP-binding proteins form hetero-oligomeric complexes and assemble higher-order cytoskeletal structures such as filaments, bundles and ring-like structures such as a membrane diffusion barrier at the ciliary base. Here we analyzed the subcellular and sub-ciliary localization of various septin proteins by immunofluorescence imaging of airway epithelial cells. In addition to cytoplasmic localization we found that septins are either enriched at the apical cell cortex including the ciliary bases (septin-2, -4, -6, and -7), or show axonemal staining (septin-2, -7, -9 and -11) or specifically localize to ciliary sub-compartments (septin-8 and -9). The distinct localization of septins suggests structural functions as cytoskeletal components and as elements of the mechanical barrier at the apical cell cortex. Furthermore, the tight association of septin-8 and -9 with the ciliary compartment indicates a possible involvement in cilia-specific functions and cilia-related diseases.
Catalytic Wet Peroxide Oxidation of Chlorophenol Over a Ce0.86Cu0.14–x O2 Catalyst
Authors: Zeng Jia , Zhou Guilin , Ai Yongmei , Li Ning , Zhang Guizhi 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
A Ce0.86Cu0.14–x
O2 catalyst was prepared by the citric acid complex method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and temperature-programmed reduction, and its activity in the catalytic wet peroxide oxidation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) was investigated. The results showed that the Cu2+ ions dissolved into the CeO2 lattice to form a Ce0.86Cu0.14–x
O2 solid solution with a coarse, interconnected, porous, and cotton-like morphology. The metal–oxygen bonds were weakened by solid-solution formation in the Ce0.86Cu0.14–x
O2 catalyst. This weakening facilitated H2O2 activation and decomposition to form highly oxidative HO∙ species that can lead to significant chlorophenol mineralization. A total organic carbon removal rate greater than 80% was achieved after 2 h reaction at 50°C and at an initial 4-CP and 2,4-DCP concentration of 50 mg/L. The effects of H2O2 dosage, catalyst dosage, and initial chlorophenol concentration on catalytic efficiency were also determined.
Teaching Experiences of Second Degree Accelerated Baccalaureate Nursing Faculty
Authors: Cangelosi Pamela R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractDespite the extraordinary growth of accelerated second degree baccalaureate nursing programs, little research has been conducted about the experiences of faculty teaching these students. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, this study explored the experiences of 14 accelerated second degree baccalaureate faculty from the eastern region of the United States. The data revealed that many faculty teaching second degree students feel unprepared and want guidance on how to teach these students, which was identified in the theme, Figuring It Out On My Own. This article describes this study and the implications of this theme for faculty recruitment and retention in accelerated second degree baccalaureate nursing programs.
The investigation of gutta-percha temperature and compaction force change when using the vertical compaction of warm gutta-percha technique
Authors: Chen Chia-Hsin , Shen Yung-Kang , Hsieh Sung-Chih 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The naturally occurring isoprene rubber component of gutta-percha has been used in dental root canal filling treatments for almost a hundred years owing to its stability and plasticity as a root canal filling material. The traditional warm gutta-percha vertical compaction technique is the major technique for warm gutta-percha root canal obturation. However, the relation between compaction force and temperature change in this technique is still unclear. The purposes of this study were to determine the ideal gutta-percha molding temperature for compaction and to evaluate single and double heating and compaction in the warm vertical compaction procedures using infrared thermography. Gutta-percha was placed in a digital dry bath incubator at temperatures ranging from 25°C to 62°C in order to analyze compaction forces using an Instron universal testing machine. Both single and double heating and compaction procedures were examined using an infrared thermograph model to monitor temperature change when performing the warm gutta-percha vertical compaction procedure. Our results demonstrate that 44–58°C is the ideal temperature to soften gutta-percha for excellent compaction. Heating and compacting gutta-percha twice at 3 mm from the apex can mold the gutta-percha completely.
Preparation and mechanical properties of nano-silica/UPR polymer composite
Authors: Wang Yan-qing , Guo Yu , Cui Rong-xin , Wang Zhong-ming , Wu You-liang 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This article mainly aims at experiments used for modifying unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), and trying to enhance the strengthening and toughening performance of nano-silica/UPR polymer composite in order to improve its integrated mechanical properties and to expand its field of application. Experiments were initially used to get high dispersibility nano-silica powder by adding silane coupling agent KH570 as a dispersant into commonly and commercially available nano-silica powder. Then, high dispersibility nano-silica powder was added as a filling with different mass fraction ratios into UPR and nano-silica/UPR polymer composite samples were fabricated. Infrared spectroscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were conducted for high dispersibility nano-silica powder. Mechanical properties test and SEM observation of fracture morphology were investigated for nano-silica/UPR polymer composite samples. The results revealed that adding silane coupling agent KH570 with a mass fraction ratio 3% into nano-silica powder made nano-silica best dispersed after the modification reaction at a temperature of 80°C for 2 h. When the high dispersibility nano-silica powder was added into UPR with a mass fraction ratio 1.5%, the impact strength of nano-silica/UPR polymer composite improved greatly by 9.6%. However, when the high dispersibility nano-silica powder was added into UPR with a mass fraction ratio 2%, the tensile strength, bending strength and extension rate of nano-silica/UPR polymer composite improved greatly by 152%, 102%, and 167%, respectively.
First record of Hydrogonium gregarium (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta) in Russia: an interesting extension of the species’ distribution to the heart of the permafrost zone
Authors: Ignatova Elena A. , Kučera Jan , Kuznetsova Oxana I. , Ignatov Michael S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHydrogonium gregarium (Mitt.) Jan Kučera, previously known from Southeast Asia, Japan, and scattered occurrences in Pacific North America south to Mexico, is reported for the first time in Russia from the central part of Yakutia at the western foothills of the Verkhoyansk Range. Both morphology and nuclear ITS sequence data confirm its identity with H. gregarium var. gregarium. The species is described and illustrated, and its habitat is briefly discussed.
New combinations and synonyms in Neotropical Lejeuneaceae (Marchantiophyta), with description of Lejeunea tamasii, a new species from Barro Colorado Island, Panama
Authors: Reiner-Drehwald M. Elena , Allen Noris Salazar , Chung C. Clementina 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The new species Lejeunea tamasii M. E. Reiner, N. Salazar Allen & C. Chung C. from Barro Colorado Island, Panama, named in honor of Professor Tamás Pócs, is described and illustrated. Lejeunea tonduzana (Steph.) M. E. Reiner, comb. nov. (basionym: Hygrolejeunea tonduzana Steph.), L. recurva M. E. Reiner, nom. nov. (basionym: Hygrolejeunea recurva Steph. ex Bonner, nom. inval., H. herzogii Steph. 1916, nom.illeg.), and new synonyms in Lejeunea cerina (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees (= Hygrolejeunea aspera Steph., = H. similis Steph.) and Lejeunea flava (Sw.) Nees (= Hygrolejeunea bahiensis Steph.) are proposed. Descriptions and illustrations for Lejeunea tonduzana and L. recurva are also provided.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper Complex of Salicylaldehyde Benzoyl Hydrazone
Authors: Shrestha Sabita , Maharjan Sudha 
Published: December 2013

Copper complex of type [Cu(SBH)2] was synthesized and characterized by different analytical procedure and spectral studies. The complex was insoluble in common organic solvents and it has melting point in between 254-258°C. Infrared spectrum showed the bonding through enolic oxygen and azomethine nitrogen. The electronic spectral studies showed that the Cu(II) is in tetrahedral coordination environment. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v29i0.9231Journal of Nepal Chemical SocietyVol. 29, 2012Page: 11-17Uploaded date : 12/3/2013
A Laboratory Scale Synthesis of Geopolymer from Locally Available Coal Fly Ash from Brick Industry
Authors: Bhandari Rishi Babu , Pathak Arvind , Jha Vinay Kumar 
Published: December 2013

In this work, geopolymers have been synthesized from coal fly ash (CFA) using KOH and Na2SiO3 as activators. Some parameters such as alkali concentration, amount of Na2SiO3 and curing time have been varied in order to improve the quality of geopolymeric product. The geopolymerization process was carried out using 3-8 M KOH solutions, Na2SiO3 to CFA mass ratio of 0.25-2.00 and curing time variation from 6-28 days. The curing temperature was fixed at 40°C in all the cases. During the variation of KOH concentration, the maximum compressive strength of 6.62 MPa was obtained with CFA treated with 7 M KOH solution. Similarly, with the variation of the mass ratio of Na2SiO3 to CFA, the maximum compressive strength of 28.1 MPa was obtained with Na2SiO3 to CFA mass ratio of 1.75. Furthermore, the compressive strength was found to be increased with increasing curing time and 41.9 MPa was achieved with 28 days of curing time. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v29i0.9232Journal of Nepal Chemical SocietyVol. 29, 2012Page: 18-23Uploaded date : 12/3/2013
Estimation of the Daily Global Solar Radiation using RadEst 3.00 software-A Case Study at Low land Plain Region of Nepal
Authors: Poudyal Khem N. , Bhattarai Binod K. , Sapkota Balkrishna , Kjeldstad Berit 
Published: December 2013

The RadEst 3.00 verson software estimates daily global solar radiation at low altitude plain area using meteorological parameters precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures and solar radiation of Simara (Lat.27.15°N, Lon.84.98°E, and Alt.137m). Radiation is calculated as the product of the atmospheric transmissivity of radiation times radiation outside the earth atmosphere. The model parameters are fitted in two years data by iterative procedures. An accurate knowledge of solar radiation distribution in each particular geographysical location is crucial for the promotion of solar energy technology. The values estimated by the models are compared with measured radiation data. The performance of the model was evaluated using the statistical tools such as root mean square error (RMSE), mean bias error (MBE), Coefficient of Residual Mass (CRM) and coefficient of determination (r2). The empirical solar radiation models that showed better results using BC, CD, and DB and among them Modular DCBB is the best model for this location The finding coefficients of different models can be utilized for the estimation of solar radiation at the similar meteorological sites of Nepal. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v29i0.9237Journal of Nepal Chemical SocietyVol. 29, 2012Page: 48-57Uploaded date : 12/3/2013
Steroid; &beta;- Sitosterol from Corydalis govaniana (Wall) growing Himalayan region of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha R.L. Swagat , Jha R. N. 
Published: December 2013

The Himalayan plant Corydalis govaniana (Wall) commonly known as Bhutkesi in Hindi on detail chemical investigation led to the isolation of β-sitosterol and its structure was determined by detail spectroscopic analysis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v29i0.9253Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 29, 2012 Page: 62-66 Uploaded date: 12/5/2013
Functionalization of orange waste with phosphoric group for Anion separation
Authors: Ghimire Kedar Nath 
Published: December 2013

A novel adsorbent, Phosphorylated Orange Juice Residue, POJR, has been investigated. The extent of phosphorylation was measured with the aid of fluorescence X-ray crystallography, which indicates that the degree of phosphorylation is 1.2. The POJR has very high binding affinity for ferric ion. Also bound ferric ions selectively adsorb anions like arsenite, arsenate, selenite, selenate, antimonate and phosphate.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v29i0.9275Journal of Nepal Chemical Society Vol. 29, 2012 Page: 110-112 Uploaded date: 12/6/2013
Impact of skull base development on endonasal endoscopic surgical corridors
Authors: Banu Matei A. , Guerrero-Maldonado Amancio , McCrea Heather J. , Garcia-Navarro Victor , Souweidane Mark M. , Anand Vijay K. , Heier Linda , Schwartz Theodore H. , Greenfield Jeffrey P. 
Published: December 2013

Object
Scarce morphometric data exist on the developing skull base as a corridor for endonasal endoscopic approaches (EEAs). Furthermore, the impact of skull base lesions on its development has not been assessed. The authors describe a novel set of anatomical parameters characterizing the developmental process as well as the utility of these parameters in preoperative planning and a feasibility assessment of EEAs for neurosurgical treatment of skull base lesions in children.

Methods
Based on specific MRI sequences in 107 pediatric patients (2–16 years of age) without skull base lesions (referred to here as the normal population), 3 sets of anatomical parameters were analyzed according to age group and sex: drilling distance, restriction sites, and working distance parameters. A separate set of patients undergoing EEAs was analyzed in similar fashion to address the impact of skull base lesions on the developmental process.

Results
The volume of the sphenoid sinus significantly increases with age, reaching 6866.4 mm3 in the 14–16 years age group, and directly correlates with the pneumatization type (r = 0.533, p = 0.0001). The pneumatization process progresses slowly in a temporal-posterior direction, as demonstrated by the growth trend of the sellar width (r = 0.428, p = 0.0001). Nasal restriction sites do not change significantly with age, with little impact on EEAs. The intercarotid distance is significantly different only in the extreme age groups (3.9 mm, p = 0.038), and has an important impact on the transsphenoidal angle and the intracranial dissection limits (r = 0.443, p < 0.0001). The 14.9° transsphenoidal angle at 2–4 years has a 37.6% significant increase in the 11–13 years age group (p = 0.001) and is highly dependent on pneumatization type. Age-dependent differences between working parameters are mostly noted for the extreme age groups, such as the 8.6-mm increase in nare-vomer distance (p = 0.025). The nare-sellar distance is the only parameter with significant differences based on sex. Skull base lesions induce a high degree of variance in skull base measurements, delaying development and decreasing parameter values. Skull base parameters are interdependent. Nare-sellar distance can be used to assess global skull base development because it highly correlates with the intercarotid distance in both the normal population and in patients harboring skull base lesions.

Conclusions
Skull base development is a slow, gradual, age-dependent, sex-independent process significantly altering endonasal endoscopic corridors. Preoperative MRI measurements of the pediatric skull base are thus a useful adjunct in choosing the appropriate corridor and in assessing working angles and limits during dissection or reparative surgery. Skull base lesions can significantly impact normal skull base development and age-dependent growth patterns.