bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is transport subcontracting a barrier to modal shift? Empirical evidence from Germany in the context of horizontal transshipment technologies
Authors: Truschkin Eugen , Elbert Ralf , Günter Armin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractGuided by the theory of organizational path dependence, this paper explores whether transport subcontracting might be a barrier to modal shift from road transport to combined transport if access to combined transport is enabled by horizontal transshipment technologies. In this paper, we attempt to evaluate the path dependence of two different groups of forwarders based on the quantitative data derived from web-based questionnaires conducted in Germany in the spring of 2011. We find that the willingness to shift transport modes is significantly higher if forwarders use their own semi-trailers rather than subcontracting with a transport fleet. Our study contributes to the literature by providing an empirical investigation into the building of organizational paths.
A process-based perspective on strategic planning: the role of alternative generation and information integration
Authors: Meissner Philip 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTo help bridge the gap between the emergent and rational school of strategy formation, I analyze the role of alternative generation and information integration as two process-based characteristics of the strategy process in the relationship between strategic planning and decision quality. Based on a survey of 155 top executives from German small and medium-sized companies, I show that the degree to which multiple alternatives are developed and information is integrated in the planning process mediates a large proportion of the relationship between strategic planning and decision quality. This suggests that a closer analysis of process characteristics in the analysis of strategic planning may help mitigate the divergent results in strategic planning research.
Milnor K-theory and the graded representation ring
Authors: Guillot Pierre , Mináč Ján 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLet F be a field, let G = Gal(/F) be its absolute Galois group, and let R(G,k) be the representation ring of G over a suitable field k. In this preprint we construct a ring homomorphism from the mod 2 Milnor K-theory k*(F) to the graded ring grR(G,k) associated to Grothendieck's γ-filtration. We study this map in particular cases, as well as a related map involving the W-group of F, rather than G. The latter is an isomorphism in all cases considered.Naturally this echoes the Milnor conjecture (now a theorem), which states that k*(F) is isomorphic to the mod 2 cohomology of the absolute Galois group G, and to the graded Witt ring grW(F).The machinery developed to obtain the above results seems to have independent interest in algebraic topology. We are led to construct an analog of the classical Chern character, which does not involve complex vector bundles and Chern classes but rather real vector bundles and Stiefel-Whitney classes. Thus we show the existence of a ring homomorphism whose source is the graded ring associated to the corresponding K-theory ring KO(X) of the topological space X, again with respect to the γ-filtration, and whose target is a certain subquotient of H*(X, F2).In order to define this subquotient, we introduce a collection of distinguished Steenrod operations. They are related to Stiefel-Whitney classes by combinatorial identities.
DETERMINACY AND INDETERMINACY OF GAMES PLAYED ON COMPLETE METRIC SPACES
Authors: FISHMAN LIOR , LY TUE , SIMMONS DAVID 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSchmidt’s game is a powerful tool for studying properties of certain sets which arise in Diophantine approximation theory, number theory and dynamics. Recently, many new results have been proven using this game. In this paper we address determinacy and indeterminacy questions regarding Schmidt’s game and its variations, as well as more general games played on complete metric spaces (for example, fractals). We show that, except for certain exceptional cases, these games are undetermined on certain sets. Judging by the vast numbers of papers utilising these games, we believe that the results in this paper will be of interest to a large audience of number theorists as well as set theorists and logicians.
A NOTE ON -SPACES
Authors: WANG HANFENG , HE WEI 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIn this paper, it is shown that every compact Hausdorff $K$-space has countable tightness. This result gives a positive answer to a problem posed by Malykhin and Tironi [‘Weakly Fréchet–Urysohn and Pytkeev spaces’, Topology Appl.104 (2000), 181–190]. We show that a semitopological group $G$ that is a $K$-space is first countable if and only if $G$ is of point-countable type. It is proved that if a topological group $G$ is a $K$-space and has a locally paracompact remainder in some Hausdorff compactification, then $G$ is metrisable.
CHARACTERISATIONS OF HARDY GROWTH SPACES WITH DOUBLING WEIGHTS
Authors: DOUBTSOV EVGUENI 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLet $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}H(\mathbb{D})$ denote the space of holomorphic functions on the unit disc $\mathbb{D}$. Given $p>0$ and a weight $\omega $, the Hardy growth space $H(p, \omega )$ consists of those $f\in H(\mathbb{D})$ for which the integral means $M_p(f,r)$ are estimated by $C\omega (r)$, $0<r<1$. Assuming that $p>1$ and $\omega $ satisfies a doubling condition, we characterise $H(p, \omega )$ in terms of associated Fourier blocks. As an application, extending a result by Bennett et al. [‘Coefficients of Bloch and Lipschitz functions’, Illinois J. Math. 25 (1981), 520–531], we compute the solid hull of $H(p, \omega )$ for $p\ge 2$.
The Stock-Bond Return Relation, the Term Structure’s Slope, and Asset-Class Risk Dynamics
Authors: Bansal Naresh , Connolly Robert A. , Stivers Chris 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe study whether asset-class risk dynamics can help explain the predominantly negative stock-bond return relation and movements in the term structure’s slope over 1997–2011. Using option-derived implied volatilities to measure risk, we find i) the negative stock-bond return relation largely disappears when controlling for risk movements, at both monthly and weekly horizons; ii) the partial relation between equity-risk changes and 10-year T-bond excess returns (term-slope movements) is reliably positive (negative); and iii) a stronger link between equity risk and stock returns implies a more negative stock-bond return correlation. Our results suggest a flight-to-quality influence between equity-risk dynamics and longer-term Treasury pricing.
New lichen species from termite nests in rainforest in Brazilian Rondônia and adjacent Amazonas
Authors: APTROOT André , CÁCERES Marcela Eugenia da Silva 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe new speciesBacidia termitophila,Coenogonium coppinsii,Fellhanera termitophila, andMicarea termitophilaare described from termite nests in rainforest in Rondônia and adjacent Amazonas. Lichens were found on termite mounds on the ground but most of the species were also found on termite nests on trees. This substratum may serve as the most important locality for terricolous lichens in rainforests, and the natural habitat for species known mostly from road banks.
John Lightfoot (1735–1788) and the lichens ofFlora Scotica(1777)
Authors: GALLOWAY David J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractJohn Lightfoot's account of lichens inFlora Scoticawas the first Scottish lichen Flora and as such it was novel in several respects: 1) it was published in English; 2) it drew on the knowledge and expertise of several key local collectors and treated lichens from alpine areas for the first time; 3) it made lichens accessible in providing Linnaean binomials, colloquial English, and frequently also Gaelic names, together with lively descriptions, details of ecology, and medicinal or traditional uses when these were known. Of the 117 taxa listed, 109 were classified in the genusLichen, five inByssus, two inMucorand one inFucus. Nineteen taxa were newly described, of which five are still in current use. John Lightfoot's life, work and botanical friendships are also briefly discussed.
New lichen-associated bulbil-forming species of Cantharellales (Basidiomycetes)
Authors: DIEDERICH Paul , LAWREY James D. , CAPDET Mariana , PEREIRA Susana , ROMERO Andrea I. , ETAYO Javier , FLAKUS Adam , SIKAROODI Masoumeh , ERTZ Damien 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTwo new genera and four new species of bulbil-forming basidiomycetes are described. Phylogenetic analyses of nuLSU and ITS sequences place them in Cantharellales. A facultative lichenicolous species with yellow to orange-yellow bulbils from South America groups with the type of Burgella and is consequently described as B. lutea. The new species and genus Burgellopsis nivea is introduced for material from Scotland with white bulbils overgrowing saxicolous lichens. An obligate lichenicolous species with particularly large, applanate bulbils developing over Peltigerales in South America could not be placed accurately using ITS sequences and is described as the new species and genus Bulbilla applanata. A European species with brown, facultatively lichenicolous bulbils grouped with Ceratobasidium and Thanatephorus species and is described as the new Ceratobasidium bulbillifaciens.
New species of the genusRimulariaNyl. from Tasmania
Authors: KANTVILAS Gintaras 
Published: May 2014

AbstractFive new species ofRimularia, all endemic to Tasmania, are described, discussed and illustrated: Four species are saxicolous:R. albotessellataKantvilas (containing pannarin):R. aspicilioidesKantvilas (containing 2′-O–methylperlatolic acid and with apothecia with a thalline margin);R. circumgriseaKantvilas (containing norstictic acid, and with ascospores 8·5–14·0×5·0–6·5 µm); andR. coppinsianaKantvilas (containing bourgeanic acid and with ascospores 10–19×7–12 µm). The corticolousR. asteriphilaKantvilas lacks lichen substances, contains Sedifolia-grey pigment and has ascospores 10–15×7–10 µm. The widespreadR. psephota(Tuck.) Hertel & Rambold, with which several of the new taxa are compared, is also described, based on Tasmanian collections. Several chemical compounds, including bourgeanic acid, pannarin and 2′–O–methylperlatolic acid, are recorded for the genus for the first time. A key to the 12 species currently recorded for Tasmania is presented.
Reassessing evolutionary relationships in the filamentous cyanolichen genus Spilonema (Peltigerales, Lecanoromycetes)
Authors: SPRIBILLE Toby , TØNSBERG Tor , STABENTHEINER Edith , MUGGIA Lucia 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSpilonema was originally described to accommodate an unusual group of cyanolichens with thread-like, cushion-forming thalli, and has long been placed in Coccocarpiaceae based on ascomatal development. However, Spilonema is the only genus of Peltigerales to include species lichenized with the cyanobacterial genus Stigonema, and the evolutionary relationships of Spilonema to other genera in the family have yet to be tested using molecular data. We present evidence from combined nuclear 28S, 18S and mitochondrial 12S rDNA to confirm the placement of the core species of Spilonema (S. paradoxum and S. revertens) in Coccocarpiaceae. Our data further show that despite possessing a different genus of photobiont (Scytonema), the north Pacific endemic genus Spilonemella must be included within Spilonema, suggesting that closely related species of the genus have changed photobionts in the course of evolution. However, we recovered Spilonema dendroides, one of the only lichens known to associate with the cyanobacterial genus Hyphomorpha, as only distantly related to the Coccocarpiaceae. The evolutionary relationships of this species are as yet unclear but it may occupy a basal position in the Peltigerales. We create for this species the new genus Erinacellus T. Sprib., Muggia & Tønsberg.
A molecular phylogeny of the lichen genus Biatora including some morphologically similar species
Authors: PRINTZEN Christian 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe lichen genus Biatora comprises inconspicuous crustose lichens that are typically found on organic substrata such as tree bark, bryophytes and detritus. During the last 20 years many new species have been added to the genus making its delimitation more and more difficult. The infrageneric relationships of the 42 species have never been investigated thoroughly. Using DNA sequences from three gene loci (ITS, RPB2, mrSSU) and 59 OTUs, an attempt was made to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of Biatora and its infrageneric groups. Cliostomum appears to be the closest relative of Biatora. The position of Mycobilimbia in the Lecania-clade is confirmed. Phylogenetic relationships within Biatora are poorly supported, but six different species groups that are also phenotypically distinguished are more or less well supported: the vernalis-, meiocarpa-, hertelii-, ocelliformis-, beckhausii- and rufidula- groups. The analysis also confirms the presence of several undescribed taxa. Biatora subduplex as currently circumscribed appears to be heterogeneous, as does B. helvola. Based on the phylogeny, the distributional range of B. alaskana is extended to Japan. The new combinations Biatora ementiens (Nyl.) Printzen and Biatora hemipolia (Nyl.) S. Ekman & Printzen are made and both names are typified.
Miriquidica invadens, an obligate youth parasite onSporastatia, with remarks and a key to species of theM.griseoatragroup
Authors: HAFELLNER Josef , OBERMAYER Walter , TRETIACH Mauro 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe new speciesMiriquidica invadensHafellner, Obermayer & Tretiach is described and reported from Austria, Bulgaria, Italy, Switzerland, France and Spain. From a morphological point of view the species belongs to theM.griseoatragroup, in which it is, so far, the only constantly lichenicolous taxon. Chemically it is characterized by the regular presence of miriquidic acid, stictic acid, and constictic acid (in variable amounts). It starts its ontogenetic life cycle as an obligate youth parasite onSporastatia, usuallyS.polyspora.Morpho-anatomical treatments of other species of theMiriquidica griseoatragroup occurring in Europe, based on the examination of type material, are also presented. According to the characters exhibited by the lectotype ofLecidea contiguavar.griseoatraFlot.,M.griseoatra(Flot.) Hertel & Rambold is the correct name for a montane species with subdivided areoles and immersed, laterally adnate apothecia with a pigmented hypothecium. Specimens exhibiting this set of characters were usually namedM.obnubilaauct. According to the characters observed on the lectotype ofLecidea(Biatora)obnubilaTh. Fr. & Hellb.,M.obnubila(Th. Fr. & Hellb.) Hertel & Rambold is a species with sessile apothecia with a hyaline hypothecium.Lecidea subplumbeaAnzi does not constitute a heterotypic synonym ofLecidea griseoatra(Flot.) Schaer. but is the legitimate name at the species level forMiriquidica griseoatrasensu auct., and thereforeM.subplumbea(Anzi) Cl. Roux is the correct name for that taxon.Lecidea inserenaNyl. is confirmed as a heterotypic synonym ofLecidea subplumbeaAnzi.Lecidea plumbeaGarov. ex A. Massal. is an earlier heterotypic synonym ofMiriquidica limitataHertel & Rambold and, therefore, the new combinationM.plumbea(Garov. ex A. Massal.) Hafellner, Obermayer & Tretiach is introduced.Lectotypes are designated forLecidea contiguavar.griseoatraFlot.,Lecidea inserenaNyl.,Lecidea obnubilaTh. Fr. & Hellb.,Lecidea plumbeaGarov. ex A. Massal., andLecidea subplumbeaAnzi. A key to the taxa of theM.griseoatra-group and otherMiriquidicataxa with a grey thallus is provided.
Spatial distribution of snares in Ruma National Park, Kenya, with implications for management of the roan antelope Hippotragus equinuslangheldi and other wildlife
Authors: Kimanzi Johnstone K. , Sanderson Roy A. , Rushton Stephen P. , Mugo Mware J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPoaching with snares has been identified as the main cause of decline of the endemic roan antelope Hippotragus equinuslangheldi in Ruma National Park, Kenya, from > 200 in 1979 to 37 in 2009. However, the spatial snaring patterns in the Park are not clearly understood. The focus of our study was to map the spatial distribution of snares in the Park and to identify the factors influencing this distribution, to develop effective methods of wildlife protection. Using data collected from 56 sample plots during 2006–2008, coupled with geographical information system techniques, we investigated the association between the occurrence of snares and the distribution of geographical features (slope, elevation), infrastructure (roads, fences), essential resources for wildlife (water, salt licks, forage), roan locations and wildlife density. Ripley's L function for assessing complete spatial randomness indicated that snares occurred in clumps (hotspots) up to 4 km apart. Negative binomial regression indicated that these hotspots occurred (1) near water resources, salt licks and the Park boundary, (2) far from roan locations and Park roads, (3) in areas with low gradients and low wildlife density, and (4) in areas with burned vegetation. We recommend concentrating routine security patrol efforts and resources on snare hotspots to reduce snaring and to protect the roan antelope and other threatened wildlife.
A review of corporate goals of No Net Loss and Net Positive Impact on biodiversity
Authors: Rainey Hugo J. , Pollard Edward H. B. , Dutson Guy , Ekstrom Jonathan M. M. , Livingstone Suzanne R. , Temple Helen J. , Pilgrim John D. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIncreased recognition of the business case for managing corporate impacts on the environment has helped drive increasingly detailed and quantified corporate environmental goals. Foremost among these are goals of no net loss (NNL) and net positive impact (NPI). We assess the scale and growth of such corporate goals. Since the first public, company-wide NNL/NPI goal in 2001, 32 companies have set similar goals, of which 18 specifically include biodiversity. Mining companies have set the most NNL/NPI goals, and the majority of those that include biodiversity, despite the generally lower total global impact of the mining industry on biodiversity compared to the agriculture or forestry industries. This could be linked to the mining industry's greater participation in best practice bodies, high-profile impacts, and higher profit margins per area of impact. The detail and quality of present goals vary widely. We examined specific NNL/NPI goals and assessed the extent to which their key components were likely to increase the effectiveness of these goals in benefiting biodiversity and managing business risk. Nonetheless, outcomes are more important than goals, and we urge conservationists to work with companies to both support and monitor their efforts to achieve increasingly ambitious environmental goals.
Subjectively perceived personality and mood changes associated with subthalamic stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lewis C. J. , Maier F. , Horstkötter N. , Zywczok A. , Witt K. , Eggers C. , Meyer T. D. , Dembek T. A. , Maarouf M. , Moro E. , Zurowski M. , Woopen C. , Kuhn J. , Timmermann L. 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundClinical and ethical implications of personality and mood changes in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients treated with subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) are under debate. Although subjectively perceived personality changes are often mentioned by patients and caregivers, few empirical studies concerning these changes exist. Therefore, we analysed subjectively perceived personality and mood changes in STN-DBS PD patients.MethodIn this prospective study of the ELSA-DBS group, 27 PD patients were assessed preoperatively and 1 year after STN-DBS surgery. Two categories, personality and mood changes, were analysed with semi-structured interviews. Patients were grouped into personality change yes/no, as well as positive/negative mood change groups. Caregivers were additionally interviewed about patients’ personality changes. Characteristics of each group were assessed with standard neurological and psychiatric measurements. Predictors for changes were analysed.ResultsPersonality changes were perceived by six of 27 (22%) patients and by 10 of 23 caregivers (44%). The preoperative hypomania trait was a significant predictor for personality change perceived by patients. Of 21 patients, 12 (57%) perceived mood as positively changed. Higher apathy and anxiety ratings were found in the negative change group.ConclusionsOur results show that a high proportion of PD patients and caregivers perceived personality changes under STN-DBS, emphasizing the relevance of this topic. Mood changed in positive and negative directions. Standard measurement scales failed to adequately reflect personality or mood changes subjectively perceived by patients. A more individualized preoperative screening and preparation for patients and caregivers, as well as postoperative support, could therefore be useful.
Absence of a Medieval Climate Anomaly, Little Ice Age and twentieth century warming in Skarvsnes, Lützow Holm Bay, East Antarctica
Authors: Tavernier Ines , Verleyen Elie , Hodgson Dominic A. , Heirman Katrien , Roberts Stephen J. , Imura Satoshi , Kudoh Sakae , Sabbe Koen , De Batist Marc , Vyverman Wim 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPalaeoclimate changes, such as the Medieval Climate Anomaly and the Little Ice Age, are well-defined in the Northern Hemisphere during the past 2000 years. In contrast, these anomalies appear to be either absent, or less well-defined, in high-latitude regions of the Southern Hemisphere. Here, we inferred environmental changes during the past two millennia from proxies in a sediment core from Mago Ike, an East Antarctic lake in Skarvsnes (Lützow Holm Bay). Variations in lake primary production were inferred from fossil pigments, sedimentological and geochemical proxies and combined with absolute diatom counts to infer past diatom productivity and community changes. Three distinct stratigraphic zones were recognized, resulting from a shift from marine to lacustrine conditions with a clear transition zone in between. The presence of open-water marine diatoms indicates a coastal zone seasonally free of sea ice between c. 2120–1500 cal yr bp. Subsequently, the lake became isolated from the ocean due to isostatic uplift. Freshwater conditions were established from c. 1120 cal yr bp onwards after which the proxies are considered highly sensitive to temperature changes. There is no evidence for a Medieval Climate Anomaly, Little Ice Age or twentieth century warming in our lake sediment record suggesting that studies that have imposed Northern Hemisphere climate anomalies onto Southern Hemisphere palaeoclimate records should be treated with caution.
Numerical tensor calculus
Authors: Hackbusch Wolfgang 
Published: May 2014

The usual large-scale discretizations are applied to two or three spatial dimensions. The standard methods fail for higher dimensions because the data size increases exponentially with the dimension. In the case of a regular grid withngrid points per direction, a spatial dimensiondyieldsndgrid points. A grid function defined on such a grid is an example of a tensor of orderd. Here, suitable tensor formats help, since they try to approximate these huge objects by a much smaller number of parameters, which increases only linearly ind. In this way, data of sizend= 10001000can also be treated.This paper introduces the algebraic and analytical aspects of tensor spaces. The main part concerns the numerical representation of tensors and the numerical performance of tensor operations.