bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare case of endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from cystic adenomyosis
Authors: Mori Mayuyo , Furusawa Akiko , Kino Nao , Uno Masaya , Ozaki Yoshikazu , Yasugi Toshiharu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFew reports on malignant transformation of adenomyosis are available, and endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from cystic adenomyosis is further rarely reported. We report a case of a 67‐year‐old asymptomatic woman who was referred to our hospital for evaluation of a cystic lesion in the pelvis, which had been diagnosed as cystic degeneration of leiomyoma for 3 years. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic mass measuring 11 cm in diameter, which was contiguous with uterine myometrium. The lesion contained solid areas enhanced on gadolinium‐enhanced T1‐weighted imaging. Transabdominal simple total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed. Pathological examination revealed endometrioid adenocarcinoma arising from cystic adenomyosis. The patient underwent six courses of adjuvant combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin. No metastasis or recurrence has been demonstrated for 16 months following surgery. Our case demonstrates that cystic adenomyoma possesses the risk of malignant transformation, indicating the importance of long‐term follow‐up with imaging examination.
Is ‘cold loop’ hysteroscopic myomectomy a better option for reproduction in women with diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis? A case report of successful repeated pregnancies
Authors: Mazzon Ivano , Favilli Alessandro , Grasso Mario , Morricone Daniela , Di Renzo Gian Carlo , Gerli Sandro 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDiffuse uterine leiomyomatosis (DUL) is a rare clinical entity with important reproductive consequences. To date, only four pregnancies have been reported after hysteroscopic myomectomy. Here we describe the case of a 28‐year‐old infertile woman with diffuse uterine leiomyomatosis, who presented infertility and metrorrhagia lasting for 2 years. A countless number of subserous, intramural and submucous myomas were ultrasonographically revealed. Diagnostic hysteroscopy described a uterine cavity completely subverted by the presence of myomas. A two‐step ‘cold loop’ hysteroscopic myomectomy was performed following the technique previously described. One month after the treatment, there were no submucous myomas. A regular uterine cavity free of synechiae was endoscopically confirmed. After the treatment, the patient carried to term three consecutive, uneventful pregnancies. This is the first report of repeated successful pregnancies following the ‘cold loop’ hysteroscopic technique in DUL. We believe that ‘cold loop’ resectoscopic myomectomy may provide new advantageous perspectives for women with DUL seeking pregnancy.
Analysis of gene expression and preliminary study of methylation about 11β‐HSD2 gene in placentas of Chinese pre‐eclampsia patients of Han ethnicity
Authors: Hu Wensheng , Wang Hanzhi , Huang Hefeng 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine the promoter methylation status of type 2 isoform of 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β‐HSD2) and its regulatory correlation with 11β‐HSD2 gene expression in placentas of pre‐eclampsia (PE) patients of Chinese Han ethnicity.Material and MethodsThe pathological features of placental tissues were studied using hematoxylin–eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining. The 11β‐HSD2 mRNA and protein expressions were detected by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The methylation of the 11β‐HSD2 promoter sequence was examined by bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction.ResultsTrophoblast hyperplasia and discontinuous syncytial layer were observed in the PE group, and the 11β‐HSD2 was distributed irregularly and its immunoreactivity was weakened distinctly. The expressions of 11β‐HSD2 mRNA and protein decreased significantly in the PE group compared with the control group. Unexpectedly, almost no 11β‐HSD2 methylation was detected in PE placental tissue (two fragments, 0.6% vs 0%) or normal placental tissue (1% vs 0.6%). No significant difference in 11β‐HSD2 promoter methylation was found between the two groups.ConclusionsThe 11β‐HSD2 expression decreased in PE women of Chinese Han ethnicity, but was not interrelated with the promoter methylation status.
Disturbed release of cholecystokinin in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum
Authors: Biberoglu Ebru , Kirbas Ayse , Iskender Cantekin , Dirican Aylin , Daglar Halil , Demirtas Canan , Doganay Beyza , Uygur Dilek , Biberoglu Kutay 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAimsWe aimed to investigate cholecystokinin (CCK) release in pregnant women with and without hyperemesis gravidarum (HG).Material and MethodsIn this case–control study including 40 pregnant women with HG and 40 women with healthy uncomplicated pregnancies, serum CCK levels in addition to hematological, biochemical and hormonal parameters were investigated.ResultsSerum CCK values were found to be significantly lower in pregnant women with HG (P < 0.001). Additionally, while serum blood urea nitrogen and free thyroxine levels were significantly higher, sodium, potassium, and thyroid stimulating hormone levels were significantly lower in women with HG than in control women. No correlation was detected between CCK and other parameters like ketonuria and thyroid function tests.ConclusionsCCK release has been found to be halved in pregnant women with HG, which supports the hypothesis that gastrointestinal motility is increased in pregnant women with HG. A causal effect remains to be confirmed.
Role of stress in low birthweight disparities between Black and White women: A population‐based study
Authors: Loggins Clay Shondra , Andrade Flavia Cristina Drumond 
Published: October 2014

AimThis study examines the role of stress in low birthweight (LBW) risk in Black and White women in the United States.MethodsData from the 1998–2000 Fragile Family and Child Wellbeing Study were used (n = 3869). We included several self‐reported conditions which we categorised as stressors (i.e. socio‐economic conditions, health behaviours, access to quality care and cultural factors), then we used logistic regression models to analyse the role of stressors in explaining the health disparities in LBW.ResultsMost women were unmarried (59% for White women and 87% for Black women). Among unmarried White women, the only stressor associated with a higher likelihood of LBW was smoking (odds ratio (OR) = 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.2, 3.3)). Among unmarried Black women, smoking (OR = 1.7, 95% CI (1.2, 2.3)), drug use (OR = 1.7, 95% CI (1.0, 2.6)), paying for the baby's birth with government resources (OR = 1.6, 95% CI (1.1, 2.4)) and religious affiliation (OR = 1.6, 95% CI (1.0, 2.5)) were associated with higher likelihood of LBW. Among married White women, older age (OR = 1.1, 95% CI (1.0, 1.2)), smoking (OR = 5.2, 95% CI (1.7, 15.5)), using governmental resources to pay for birth (OR = 3.6, 95% CI (1.0, 12.4)) and living in governmental housing (OR = 9.1, 95% CI (2.0, 41.1)) were associated with higher likelihood of LBW. No stressors were statistically significant for married Black women.ConclusionWe analysed a large number of stressors at the individual, household and societal levels and found differences on the stressors among Black and White women. However, the stressors included in the analyses did not fully explain the racial disparities in LBW.
Effects of Milling Ratio and Water‐to‐Rice Ratio on Mastication Effort for Cooked Rice Measured by Electromyography
Authors: Kohyama Kaoru , Sodhi Navdeep Singh , Sasaki Tomoko , Suzuki Keitaro 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe objective of this study was to quantify the mastication effort for cooked rice with varying texture. We conducted electromyography (EMG) from both masseter muscles while normal subjects ate 6 g of cooked rice. Rice samples were prepared using different milling ratios and cooked with different amounts in weight of water. The texture of cooked rice samples was instrumentally analyzed. Hardness was similar between 2% milled and 1.80 times weight of water, 6% and 1.65, and 10% and 1.50; however, adhesiveness was lower in lesser milled samples. EMG results showed that the number of chews, mastication time and muscle activities per chew were higher in the harder rice samples that were milled less and cooked with less water. When the hardness of cooked rice was adjusted, EMG variables were not significantly different. The mastication effort per gram of solid content significantly differed with milling ratios.Practical ApplicationCooked rice is a staple food for many people. The texture of cooked rice can be easily modified by changing milling ratios and water‐to‐rice grain ratios. As mastication is the first process of digestion, understanding how milling and cooking conditions influence the texture of cooked rice and mastication behavior is important for palatability and nutrition. EMG variables can provide details on mastication effort, proving to be useful for preparing the best texture of cooked rice. As less milled rice requires more mastication per solid content, it is effective to increase number of chews and to decrease eating rate.
How will we manage acute HCV in men having sex with men in the era of all oral therapy?
Authors: Boesecke C. , Rockstroh J. K. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryWith the advent of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs), the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (CHC) has been revolutionized. Modern interferon‐ and potentially also ribavirin‐free combinations consisting of 2 or 3 direct‐acting antivirals (DAA) promise sustained virological response rates (SVR) of above 90%. This coincides with much shorter treatment durations and a much more favorable toxicity profile. Some DAAs even work across all HCV genotypes (pangenotypic) [BMJ, 349, 2014, g3308]. And lastly, HCV treatment in HIV‐coinfected patients will no longer differ from HCV‐monoinfected patients as response rates under DAA in the setting of HCV–HIV coinfection have been as good as in HCV‐monoinfected patients [J Hepatol, 61, 2014, 373]. Only drug–drug interactions with the new DAAs and concomitant antiretroviral therapy have to be accounted for due to shared metabolization pathways via the cytochrome p450 system.
Fission and fusion in island taxa – serendipity, or something to be expected?
Authors: Emerson Brent C. , Faria Christiana M. A. 
Published: October 2014

A well‐used metaphor for oceanic islands is that they act as ‘natural laboratories’ for the study of evolution. But how can islands or archipelagos be considered analogues of laboratories for understanding the evolutionary process itself? It is not necessarily the case that just because two or more related species occur on an island or archipelago, somehow, this can help us understand more about their evolutionary history. But in some cases, it can. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Garrick et al. () use population‐level sampling within closely related taxa of Galapagos giant tortoises to reveal a complex demographic history of the species Chelonoidis becki – a species endemic to Isabela Island, and geographically restricted to Wolf Volcano. Using microsatellite genotyping and mitochondrial DNA sequencing, they provide a strong case for C. becki being derived from C. darwini from the neighbouring island of Santiago. But the interest here is that colonization did not happen only once. Garrick et al. () reveal C. becki to be the product of a double colonization event, and their data reveal these two founding lineages to be now fusing back into one. Their results are compelling and add to a limited literature describing the evolutionary consequences of double colonization events. Here, we look at the broader implications of the findings of Garrick et al. () and suggest genomic admixture among multiple founding populations may be a characteristic feature within insular taxa.
Correlation of structural and electrophysiological changes in the retina of young high myopes
Authors: Koh Victor , Tan Clement , Nah Gerard , Zhao Paul , Yang Adeline , Lin Sheng Tong , Wong Tien Yin , Saw Seang Mei , Chia Audrey 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeDespite a high prevalence of myopia among young East Asian adults, there is a lack of data on the myopic retina structure‐function relationship in this group. We examined the association between optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinogram (ERG) measurements in highly myopic young Asian adults to provide this information and also determined if OCT can be used as an alternative screening tool to assess retinal function in young myopic adults.MethodsThis was a prospective study comprising young adults aged between 18 and 25 years with spherical equivalent refraction of worse than −6.00 D. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination comprising fundus examination and grading, ocular biometry, time‐domain OCT (fovea, macular and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness) and ERG (full field and multifocal) were performed for all the eyes.ResultsA total of 32 eyes (mean spherical equivalent ± standard deviation −10.17 ± 1.51 D, mean age 23.8 ± 1.3 years) were included. None of the eyes showed visible myopic retinopathy and the central retina thickness of all eyes was classified as within the normal range. Full‐field ERG amplitude and multifocal ERG P1 amplitudes in the outer rings (R3‐R5) were, however, inversely associated with axial length. The multifocal ERG P1 amplitudes were also positively correlated with mean retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in R2, 4, 5 rings and outer macular thickness in R 2–5 rings.ConclusionThese findings suggest that full field ERG changes may precede fundus and OCT changes in highly myopic young adults. Although there was some correlation between multifocal ERG amplitudes with OCT outer macular and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, the OCT may not be useful as a retinal function screening tool, being within normal limits in all eyes. Further longitudinal studies are required to determine how the relationship between ERG and OCT will evolve over time.
Confirmation of local anesthetic distribution by radio‐opaque contrast spread after ultrasound guided infraclavicular catheters placed along the posterior cord in children: a prospective analysis
Authors: Ponde Vrushali , Shah Dipal , Johari Ashok 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe needle tip placed at the level of posterior cord under ultrasound guidance is described as the most effective way to obtain single shot successful block in adults, for forearm and hand surgeries.ObjectiveThe aim of this research was to study the spread of dye (depicting the local anesthetic) through catheters placed along the posterior cord. This was performed with continuous infraclavicular blocks placed under ultrasound guidance in children.MethodsTwenty‐four ASA 1 and 2 children, aged 7 months to 8 years old, scheduled for upper limb orthopedic surgeries were included in this prospective descriptive study. They received continuous infraclavicular block under ultrasound guidance. Skin markings were obtained from catheters that were placed below the posterior cord inserted 2–3 cm beyond the tip of the Tuohy needle. A radio‐opaque dye was injected into the catheters and 5 min later, the dye spread was evaluated fluoroscopically. Postoperatively, all patients received a continuous infusion of 0.125% bupivacaine for pain relief.ResultsAll 24 cases showed the presence of the dye along the neurovascular bundle in the infraclavicular region suggesting successful blocks. The mean ± standard deviation of the skin marking for the catheter was 5.61 ± 1.77 cm. Postoperatively, all patients had adequate pain relief with the catheters. One patient had break through pain on day 1 and four catheters were accidentally dislodged on day 2.ConclusionWe conclude that continuous infraclavicular catheters can be accurately and effectively placed along the posterior cord exclusively under ultrasound guidance in infants and small children.
Dose effect of local anesthetics on analgesic outcomes for the transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block in children: a randomized, double‐blinded, clinical trial
Authors: Suresh Santhanam , Taylor Lauren J. , De Oliveira Gildasio S. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundCurrent knowledge on local anesthetic dosage for the TAP block in pediatric patients is very limited.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of two escalating local anesthetic doses on postsurgical analgesic outcomes in children receiving a TAP block.MethodsThe study was a prospective, randomized, double‐blinded, clinical trial. Children (<8 years) were randomized to one of the two intervention groups: TAP block with bupivacaine at a dose of 2.5 mg·kg−1 or 1.25 mg·kg−1. Analgesic outcomes included pain scores in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), time to analgesic requirement and total number of analgesic requirements.ResultsThirty‐six patients were recruited in the study. Pain scores in PACU were not different between study groups. The total number of analgesic dosage required in 24 h after surgery was higher in the lower dose group, median (IQR) of 4 (3 to 5) compared to 2.5 (1.5 to 3) in the greater dose group, P = 0.03. There was a clinically but not statistically significant difference in the time to first analgesic requirement in the 2.5 mg·kg−1 group, median (IQR) of 248 (130 to 367) minutes compared to 146 (95 to 261) minutes in the 1.25 mg·kg−1 dose group, P = 0.15.ConclusionsThe use of higher local anesthetic doses for the TAP block in children does not provide benefits on early pain scores but seems to improve analgesic duration and decrease the need for additional analgesics over 24 h after surgery. The use of higher, but yet safe, local anesthetic dosages for TAP blocks is a viable strategy to improve analgesia in children.
Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of benefits and risks between normothermia and hypothermia during cardiopulmonary bypass in pediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Xiong Yaoyao , Sun Yanhua , Ji Bingyang , Liu Jinping , Wang Guyan , Zheng Zhe 
Published: October 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe controversy over the benefits between normothermic and hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for children is still uncertain. The purpose of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to investigate the benefits and risks of normothermia comparing with hypothermia in pediatric cardiac surgery by randomized controlled trials.MethodsPubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for studies reported in English up to September 28, 2013. Eligible studies were those in which investigators enrolled pediatric patients, who had cardiac surgery, randomized them to normothermic or hypothermic CPB. We prespecified the use of random‐effects models to calculate risk ratios and 95% CIs for binary variables, weighted mean difference (WMD) or standard mean difference and 95% CIs for continuous variables. We assessed heterogeneity using I2. When heterogeneity was absent (I2 = 0%), we used fixed‐effects models. The endpoints were serum lactate, serum creatinine, duration of clamp, and duration of CPB in pediatrics who had cardiac surgery in normothermic CPB compared with those in hypothermic CPB.ResultsThe initial search strategy identified 3910 citations, of which 10 trials compared pediatrics and seven trails were eligible. These seven trials included 419 participants from seven countries. The serum lactate and the serum creatinine had three time points. The outcomes had no different between normothermic group and hypothermic group. Duration of clamp (WMD = −10.793, 95% CI −28.89, 7.304; P = 0.242; I2 = 86.6%; 204 patients, three trials) and duration of CPB (WMD = −41.780, 95% CI −89.523, 5.963; P = 0.086; I2 = 95.6%; 199 patients, three trials) also had no significant differences between two groups.ConclusionNormothermic CPB is as safe as hypothermic CPB in children requiring correction of simple congenital cardiac defects.
Mammogram Use and Self‐Efficacy in an Urban Minority Population
Authors: Jerome‐D'Emilia Bonnie , Suplee Patricia Dunphy 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectives(1) To compare a sample of low‐income African American and Hispanic women in general and mammogram specific self‐efficacy and other factors potentially associated with screening to identify any differences related to ethnicity and in the use of mammogram screening; and (2) to examine the association of general self‐efficacy and mammography specific self‐efficacy and mammogram screening in these two ethnically different groups of women.Design and SampleCross‐sectional. A convenience sample of 139 women.MeasuresGeneral and mammogram specific self‐efficacy, having ever had a mammogram, acculturation, and demographics.ResultsMammogram specific self‐efficacy was significantly associated with having had a mammogram (p < .001), as was insurance status (p = .027). Using logistic regression, older women (OR: 1.3) and those with insurance (OR: 4.8) were more likely to have been screened. When mammogram specific self‐efficacy was added to the model, overlap between this construct and insurance prevented insurance from reaching significance.ConclusionsAn association between insurance status and mammogram specific self‐efficacy was found. It is likely that mammogram specific self‐efficacy will vary with mammogram adherence and insurance status, rather than predict screening. General self‐efficacy, higher in screened women, may be an effective mediator through which to develop interventions to increase preventive health‐seeking behaviors.
Analysis of Oxyluciferin Photoluminescence Pathways in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Hiyama Miyabi , Mochizuki Toshimitsu , Akiyama Hidefumi , Koga Nobuaki 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe evaluated the pKa values of oxyluciferin and its conjugate acids and bases theoretically with the help of experimental correction values, from which free energies for the first excited and the ground states of all the species were estimated. On the basis of these results, we calculated pH‐dependent absorption spectra, where the relative absorption intensities of various species strongly depend on photoexcitation energy, and we further analyzed the photoluminescence pathways of oxyluciferin in aqueous solutions with various pH. In the case of 350 nm photoexcitation, in particular, experiments have shown that dominant emission color is green and it attenuates with pH decreasing, while blue (3 < pH < 8) and red (pH < 3) emissions appear. Our present results clarify the pathways of these photoluminescence depending on the pH values and thus should be useful in further analyses of photoluminescence pathways for other photoexcitation wavelength in comparison with experiments.