bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equine colostral carbohydrates reduce lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory responses in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Vendrig J. C. , Coffeng L. E. , Fink‐Gremmels J. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryReasons for performing studyIncreasing evidence suggests that reactions to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), particularly in the gut, can be partly or completely mitigated by colostrum‐ and milk‐derived oligosaccharides. Confirmation of this hypothesis could lead to the development of new therapeutic concepts.ObjectivesTo demonstrate the influence of equine colostral carbohydrates on the inflammatory response in anin vitromodel with equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).MethodsCarbohydrates were extracted from mare colostrum, and then evaluated for their influence onLPS‐induced inflammatory responses inPBMCsisolated from the same mares.mRNAexpression of tumour necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐10 was measured as well as the protein levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10).ResultsEquine colostral carbohydrates significantly reducedLPS‐inducedTNF‐α protein at both times measured and significantly reducedLPS‐inducedTNF‐α,IL‐6 andIL‐10mRNAexpression byPBMCs. Moreover, cell viability significantly increased in the presence of high concentrations of colostral carbohydrates.ConclusionsCarbohydrates derived from equine colostrum reduceLPS‐induced inflammatory responses of equinePBMCs.Potential relevanceColostrum and milk‐derived carbohydrates are promising candidates for new concepts in preventive and regenerative medicine.
A Composite Case Study of a Woman With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Integration of Nursing Research and Theory With Practice
Authors: Reyes Darcel 
Published: November 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this case study is to demonstrate integration of the research‐based standardized languages of NANDA‐I, the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), and the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) with Barrett's middle range theory of power to support a woman's experience of ending sexual exploitation and stopping drug use.Data SourceClinical practice, the collective experiences of patients, research evidence, and books that explain NANDA‐I, NOC, and NIC.Data SynthesisThe success of this woman in managing her health supports the use of Barrett's theory of power.ConclusionTheory and research provide the foundations for quality‐based clinical practice.Implications for Nursing PracticeIdentification of readiness to change enabled significant life changes.
Delineating the practice profile of advanced practice nursing: a cross‐sectional survey using the modified strong model of advanced practice
Authors: Gardner Glenn , Chang Anne M. , Duffield Christine , Doubrovsky Anna 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsTo test a model that delineates advanced practice nursing from the practice profile of other nursing roles and titles.BackgroundThere is extensive literature on advanced practice reporting the importance of this level of nursing to contemporary health service and patient outcomes. Literature also reports confusion and ambiguity associated with advanced practice nursing. Several countries have regulation and delineation for the nurse practitioner, but there is less clarity in definition and service focus of other advanced practice nursing roles.DesignA statewide survey.MethodsUsing the modified Strong Model of Advanced Practice Role Delineation tool, a survey was conducted in 2009 with a random sample of registered nurses/midwives from government facilities in Queensland, Australia. Analysis of variance compared total and subscale scores across groups according to grade. Linear, stepwise multiple regression analysis examined factors influencing advanced practice nursing activities across all domains.ResultsThere were important differences according to grade in mean scores for total activities in all domains of advanced practice nursing. Nurses working in advanced practice roles (excluding nurse practitioners) performed more activities across most advanced practice domains. Regression analysis indicated that working in clinical advanced practice nursing roles with higher levels of education were strong predictors of advanced practice activities overall.ConclusionEssential and appropriate use of advanced practice nurses requires clarity in defining roles and practice levels. This research delineated nursing work according to grade and level of practice, further validating the tool for the Queensland context and providing operational information for assigning innovative nursing service.
Oregon Hydrologic Landscapes: A Classification Framework1
Authors: Wigington Parker J. , Leibowitz Scott G. , Comeleo Randy L. , Ebersole Joseph L. 
Published: November 2012

Wigington, Parker J., Jr., Scott G. Leibowitz, Randy L. Comeleo, and Joseph L. Ebersole, 2012. Oregon Hydrologic Landscapes: A Classification Framework. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐20. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12009Abstract:  There is a growing need for hydrologic classification systems that can provide a basis for broad‐scale assessments of the hydrologic functions of landscapes and watersheds and their responses to stressors such as climate change. We developed a hydrologic landscape (HL) classification approach that describes factors of climate‐watershed systems that control the hydrologic characteristics of watersheds. Our assessment units are incremental watersheds (i.e., headwater watersheds or areas draining directly into stream reaches). Major components of the classification include indices of annual climate, climate seasonality, aquifer permeability, terrain, and soil permeability. To evaluate the usefulness of our approach, we identified 30 rivers with long‐term streamflow‐gauging records and without major diversions and impoundments. We used statistical clustering to group the streams based on the shapes of their annual hydrographs. Comparison of the streamflow clusters and HL distributions within river basin clusters shows that the Oregon HL approach has the ability to provide insights about the expected hydrologic behavior of HLs and larger river basins. The Oregon HL approach has potential to be a useful framework for comparing hydrologic attributes of streams and rivers in the Pacific Northwest.
Drawbacks to palaeodistribution modelling: the case of South American seasonally dry forests
Authors: Collevatti Rosane G. , Terribile Levi Carina , de Oliveira Guilherme , Lima‐Ribeiro Matheus S. , Nabout João C. , Rangel Thiago F. , Diniz‐Filho Jose Alexandre F. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimSpecies distribution modelling (SDM) has increasingly been used to predict palaeodistributions at regional and global scales in order to understand the response of vegetation to climate change and to estimate palaeodistributions for the testing of biogeographical hypotheses. However, there are many sources of uncertainty in SDM that may restrict the ability of models to hindcast palaeo‐distributions and provide a basis for hypothesis testing in molecular phylogenetics and phylogeographical studies.LocationSeasonally dry forests (SDFs) in South America.MethodsWe addressed the problem of using palaeodistribution modelling for SDFs based on the projection of their current distribution into past environments (21 ka) using 11 methods for SDMs and five coupled atmosphere–ocean global circulation models (AOGCMs) for 16 species.ResultsWe observed considerable uncertainty in the hindcasts, with the most important effects for AOGCM (median 12.2%), species (median 15.6%) and their interaction (median 13.6%). The effects of AOGCMs were stronger in the Amazon region, whereas the species effect occurred primarily in the dry areas of central Brazil. The log‐linear model detected significant effects of the three sources of variation and their interaction on the classification of each map in supporting alternative hypotheses. An expansion scenario combining the Pleistocene arc and Amazonian expansion, and Pennington's Amazonian expansion alone, were the most frequently supported palaeodistribution scenarios.Main conclusionsAs a basis for evaluating a given hypothesis, hindcast distributions must be used in direct association with other evidence, such as molecular variation and the fossil record. We propose an alternative framework concerning hypothesis testing that couples SDM and phylogeographical work, in which palaeoclimatic distributions and other sources of information, such as the pollen fossil record and coalescence modelling, must be weighted equally.
Biogeography of Trimerotropis pallidipennis (Acrididae: Oedipodinae): deep divergence across the Americas
Authors: Husemann Martin , Guzman Noelia Verónica , Danley Patrick D. , Cigliano Maria Marta , Confalonieri Viviana Andrea 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTrimerotropis pallidipennis represents a species complex of band‐winged grasshopper distributed over North and South America. Previous studies indicated a North American origin of the species and suggested that colonization of South America occurred during the Pleistocene after the closure of the Isthmus of Panama. Here we use a phylogeographical approach in order to test different biogeographical scenarios and determine how many distinct units exist within the species complex.LocationNorth and South America with specific emphasis on the Andes mountains of South America.MethodsWe sequenced two mitochondrial and two nuclear genes for multiple specimens belonging to each taxonomic unit. Using the concatenated dataset and a coalescent‐based approach we estimated the phylogeny of the complex. In order to distinguish the different biogeographical and species delimitation hypotheses we constrained our dataset to different taxon sets and ran Bayesian analyses in *beast. Posterior probabilities and DensiTree plots allowed us to determine the best hypotheses. We used a molecular clock approach to correlate geological events with observed phylogenetic splits.ResultsAll analyses indicate the existence of at least three distinct genetic lineages: Trimerotropis pallidipennis from North America, Trimerotropis ochraceipennis from Chile and an undescribed Trimerotropis species from Argentina. The split between North and South American forms took place about 1.3 Ma, long after the Isthmus of Panama had been completed. Biogeographical analyses suggest a first dispersal event from North to South America. Subsequent dispersion and vicariance probably led to the differentiation of the endemics now found in Chile and Argentina.Main conclusionsWe demonstrate the existence of three distinct genetic lineages in the Trimerotropis pallidipennis species complex. These lineages are also chromosomally differentiated as previous studies have indicated. Dispersion of T. pallidipennis from North to South America probably occurred during the early Pleistocene, when climatic conditions were more suitable. Subsequent diversification in South America was the result of range expansion and vicariance, possibly in response to later Pleistocene glaciations of the Andes.
Opinion of residents from the Gold Coast, Queensland, on community water fluoridation
Authors: Kroon Jeroen , Reid Kate Emily , Cutting Jenna Renae , Lalloo Ratilal , Chiu Kandy Chien 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate opinions and concerns of Gold Coast residents regarding fluoridation of community water supplies.Material and methodsAnonymous data were collected in four major shopping centers from approximately 500 Gold Coast residents.ResultsEighty‐one percent of participants were aware of the addition of fluoride to the water supply. More than half obtained information on water fluoridation through the print and electronic media. Sixty percent of respondents supported water fluoridation. The majority preferred the public and/or health professionals to have made the decision on water fluoridation rather than the government. The percentage of residents supporting water fluoridation was lower than that found in other Queensland, Australian, and worldwide surveys. In this study, only age and the highest level of education attained were factors significantly related to levels of support for water fluoridation.ConclusionThe Queensland Government's decision to implement water fluoridation without a referendum caused disquiet amongst some Gold Coast residents. Future public health initiatives therefore may be assisted by more consultation with, and involvement from, health professionals in the relevant fields. Public health campaigns may benefit more from interaction with the community in order to address their specific concerns.
RUNX2 gene status in a cleidocranial dysplasia patient without supernumerary teeth
Authors: Anthonappa Robert P. , King Nigel M. , Mahmoud Rabie Abou‐Bakr 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveThis study sought to perform mutational analysis of the RUNX2 gene in an 8‐year‐old girl with a diagnosis of cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) without supernumerary teeth (proband) and her parents, plus in age and gender matched control subjects.MethodsEthical approval and informed consent was obtained for this study. Blood samples were obtained and the isolated DNA was used to amplify exons 0–7 of the RUNX2 gene using specific primers, which was subsequently sequenced.ResultsNo mutations were identified in the coding regions of the RUNX2 gene.ConclusionThe absence of supernumerary teeth in this individual with CCD demonstrates that there are variations in the phenotypes and mere absence of mutations does not imply that CCD phenotype is not governed by RUNX2 gene as only two‐thirds of the individuals exhibiting a CCD phenotype would reveal a RUNX2 mutation; therefore, the influence of copy number variations including large insertions, intragenic deletions, duplications, and inversions of genes cannot be excluded completely.
Nurses' perceptions of standardised assessment and prevention of complications in an ICU
Authors: Soh Kim Lam , Davidson Patricia M , Leslie Gavin , DiGiacomo Michelle , Soh Kim Geok 
Published: November 2012

Aims and objectivesTo describe nurses' perceptions of evidence‐based recommendations to prevent complications in a Malaysian intensive care unit.BackgroundVentilator‐associated pneumonia, catheter‐related blood stream infection and pressure ulcer are three frequent adverse events in the intensive care unit. Implementing evidenced‐based practice is critical in prevention of these complications.DesignA qualitative focus group study.MethodsFocus groups were conducted with nurses in the intensive care unit of a regional hospital in Malaysia following evidence‐based interventions. Focus group transcripts were analysed using the method of thematic analyses.ResultsThirty‐four nurses participated in eight focus groups. The main themes derived from the interviews: (1) nurses' knowledge impacts on the change process; (2) initial resistance, ambivalence and movement to acceptance; and (3) hierarchical organisational structure can hinder the change process.ConclusionEnhancing nurses' knowledge and attitudes of evidence‐based practice, providing them with tools to monitor their clinical practice, and empowering them to change practice are likely to be important in influencing clinical outcomes. Increasing the emphasis on evidence‐based practice in nursing curricula and engaging in cultural change processes in the workplace are necessary to improve clinical outcomes.Relevance to clinical practiceThese findings provide valuable information for implementing clinical practice improvement interventions.
Study of apoptosis in oral pemphigus vulgaris using immunohistochemical marker Bax and TUNEL technique
Authors: Deyhimi Parviz , Tavakoli Payam 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundPemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune mucocutaneous disease presenting clinically with blisters or erosions of the skin and mucous membrane. The main histopathologic characteristic of this disease is suprabasal vesicles due to loss of cell–cell adhesion between keratinocytes named acantholysis. Studies have shown that apoptosis is increased in PV. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of apoptosis in blister formation in PV.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted on 25 specimens of oral PV. The presence of apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL technique in the normal perilesional region, vesicle area, and acantholytic cells. Also, the expression of Bax pro‐apoptotic marker was assessed by the biotin–streptavidin immunohistochemical method. SPSS software was used for Wilcoxon test analysis. P values <0.05 were considered significant.ResultsThe percentage and intensity staining of TUNEL‐positive cells were noteworthy. There were statistically significant differences between basal and parabasal (P = 0.05), tombstone with vesicle roof (P = 0.038) and basal with tombstone (P = 0.038). However, the expression and staining intensity of pro‐apoptotic marker Bax were weak, and no statistically significant differences were observed between the various areas.ConclusionThe results obtained in the present study suggest that the process of apoptosis occurs early in PV because it was observed in the perilesional normal appearing tissue. Also, the process of apoptosis may cause exacerbation or speeding of the bulla formation. In other words, inhibition of apoptosis in the patients could reduce the severity of the lesions. .
Directed Networks with Spillovers
Authors: BILLAND PASCAL , BRAVARD CHRISTOPHE , SARANGI SUDIPTA 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe study noncooperative network formation in two types of directed networks. In the first type, called the model with global spillovers, the payoff of a player depends on the number of links she forms as well as the total number of links formed by all other players. In the second type, called the model with local spillovers, the payoff of a player depends on the number of links she forms and the total number of links formed by her immediate neighbors, as well as the number of links formed by players outside her neighborhood. For both classes of games we investigate the existence of pure strategy Nash equilibria and characterize the Nash networks under a number of different second order conditions on the payoff function.
Majority Voting in Multidimensional Policy Spaces: Kramer–Shepsle versus Stackelberg
Authors: DE DONDER PHILIPPE , LE BRETON MICHEL , PELUSO EUGENIO 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe study majority voting over a bidimensional policy space when the voters’ type space is either uni‐ or bidimensional. We study two voting procedures widely used in the literature. The Stackelberg (ST) procedure assumes that votes are taken one dimension at a time according to an exogenously specified sequence. The Kramer–Shepsle (KS) procedure also assumes that votes are taken separately on each dimension, but not in a sequential way. A vector of policies is a Kramer–Shepsle equilibrium if each component coincides with the majority choice on this dimension given the other components of the vector. We study the existence and uniqueness of the ST and KS equilibria, and we compare them, looking for example at the impact of the ordering of votes for ST and identifying circumstances under which ST and KS equilibria coincide. In the process, we state explicitly the assumptions on the utility function that are needed for these equilibria to be well‐behaved. We especially stress the importance of single‐crossing conditions, and we identify two variants of these assumptions: a marginal version that is imposed on all policy dimensions separately, and a joint version whose definition involves both policy dimensions.
On Welfare Criteria and Optimality in an Endogenous Growth Model
Authors: DEL REY ELENA , LOPEZ‐GARCIA MIGUEL‐ANGEL 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the consequences for optimality of a social planner adopting two different welfare criteria. The framework of analysis is an overlapping generations model with physical and human capital. We first show that, when the social welfare function is a discounted sum of individual utilities defined over consumption per unit of natural labor, the precise cardinalization of the individual utility function becomes crucial for both the characterization of the social optimum and the policies that support it. Also, decentralizing the social optimum requires an education subsidy that is definitely positive, but its size depends in a determinant way on the aforementioned cardinalization. In contrast, when the social welfare function is a discounted sum of individual utilities defined over consumption per unit of efficient labor, the precise cardinalization of preferences becomes irrelevant. More strikingly, along the optimal growth path, the education subsidy is negative, i.e., the planner should tax rather than subsidize investments in human capital.
Inefficient Investment, Information Asymmetry, and Competition for Managers
Authors: SEOG S. HUN , BAIK YOON‐SUK 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe investigate the possible inefficiency of investment when the manager has better information than the principal. We assume that projects can be grouped into two categories based on their information characteristics of soft and hard information. We consider a case in which the manager faces competition for appointment at the end of term. We consider several cases in which the competitor's ability is known, or proxied by the performance of other managers, or is uncertain. We find that hard information projects are preferred to soft information projects and that the efficiency in project selection critically depends on the competitor's ability. Interestingly, information asymmetry may be socially beneficial, because it can provide the manager with incentives to select high‐quality hard‐information projects. Welfare improvement can be made by a budget change that is in the opposite direction to the optimum. Several empirical implications of the theory are discussed.
Comparison of central venous catheter and peripheral vein samples of antibiotics in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Wilson Karen , Jamerson Patricia A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose.To determine if accurate serum antibiotic levels can be obtained from central venous catheters (CVCs) in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis.Design and Methods.Fifty paired CVC–peripheral vancomycin or tobramycin specimens were collected within 5 min of each other following a 5‐ml flush and discard. Specimen samples were randomized by first site drawn.Results.CVC–peripheral antibiotic levels were highly correlated (r =.97, p <.001), with no statistically significant difference (t = 1.18, p =.25). Bland–Altman plot analysis revealed a bias of.47, with limits of agreement ranging from −4.20 to 6.87.Practice Implications.Accurate antibiotic concentrations can be obtained from CVCs, reducing pediatric patient trauma and stress.
Evidence‐based asthma education for parents
Authors: Cleveland Kelli K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose.The purpose of this project was to develop and implement an evidence‐based asthma education brochure for parents of pediatric asthma patients.Design and Methods.The asthma patients were 4–12 years old. The number of office sick visits, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations related to asthma were evaluated post‐education, and then compared with the previous months.Results.Although there were no statistically significant results, there were notable trends that apply to asthma practice.Practice Implications.As a result of the project, there were positive changes noted within the pediatric clinic related to asthma education, and additional suggestions for future opportunities were made.