bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction and Oxidation of Transition-Metal Oxide Thin Films: Solid-State Chemistry with Epitaxially Grown Thin Films
Authors: Shimakawa Yuichi 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Reduction and oxidation of perovskite-structure transition-metal oxide thin films are highlighted. Oxygen ions are released from and incorporated into the perovskite-structure framework during the reduction and oxidation. Low-temperature topochemical reduction reaction with CaH2 enables us to prepare infinite-layer structure oxide thin films containing Fe and Ni. With the epitaxially grown thin film samples, anisotropic rearrangement and transfer of oxygen ions in the structures have been revealed. Selective reduction of layers in artificial superlattices was also found, and the observed behavior suggests that the oxygen-ion mobility in the artificial superlattices was confined within the two-dimensional brownmillerite layer. Specific structural features play important roles in the oxygen-ion transfer in solids at low temperatures. The obtained results would be a key to develop technologies related to energy and the environment.
Assets of the non-pathogenic microorganism Dictyostelium discoideum as a model for the study of eukaryotic extracellular vesicles
Authors: Tatischeff Irène 
Published: March 2013

Dictyostelium discoideummicrovesicles have recently been presented as a valuable model for eukaryotic extracellular vesicles. Here, the advantages ofD. discoideumfor unraveling important biological functions of extracellular vesicles in general are detailed.D. discoideum,anon-pathogenic eukaryotic microorganism, belongs to a billion-year-oldAmoebozalineage, which diverged from the animal-fungal lineage after the plant animal-split. During growth and early starvation-induced development, it presents analogies with lymphocytes and macrophages with regard to motility and phagocytosis capability, respectively. Its 6-chromosome genome codes for about 12,500 genes, some showing analogies with human genes. The presence of extracellular vesicles during cell growth has been evidenced as a detoxification mechanism of various structurally unrelated drugs. Controls led to the discovery of constitutive extracellular vesicle secretion in this microorganism, which was an important point.It means that the secretion of extracellular vesicles occurs, in the absence of any drug, during both cell growth and early development. This constitutive secretion ofD. discoideumcells is very likely to play a role in intercellular communication. The detoxifying secreted vesicles, which can transport drugs outside the cells, can also act as "Trojan horses", capable of transferring these drugs not only into naïveD. discoideumcells, but intohuman cells as well. Therefore, these extracellular vesicles were proposed as a new biological drug delivery tool.Moreover,Dictyostelium, chosen by the NIH (USA) as a new model organism for biomedical research, has already been used for studying some human diseases. These cells, which are much easier to manipulate than human cells, can be easily designed in simple conditioned medium experiments. Owing to the increasing consensus that extracellular vesicles are probably important mediators of intercellular communication,D. discoideumis here suggested to constitute a convenient model for tracking as yet unknown biological functions of eukaryotic extracellular vesicles.
Preventing Mix-Ups between various Formulations of Amphotericin B; Arixtra is Not a Hemostat; Measurement Mix-Up; Drug Names Too Close for Comfort; New Vaccine Errors Reporting Program
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: March 2013

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers’ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters’ wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
The kernel of the reciprocity map of varieties over local fields
Authors: Forré Patrick 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

For a smooth and proper variety X over a local field K with residue characteristic p the reciprocity map
ρ
X
: SK1(X) → π1
ab(X) is a well-defined map from its class group to the corresponding abelianized étale fundamental group of X. In this paper we show that its kernel is the direct sum of a finite group and a group which is ℓ-divisible for all primes ℓ ≠ p. This result generalizes the work of Shuji Saito and Uwe Jannsen for curves and surfaces to arbitrary dimensions.
Genetic Gain × Management Interactions in Soybean: I. Planting Date
Authors: Rowntree Scott C. , Suhre Justin J. , Weidenbenner Nicholas H. , Wilson Eric W. , Davis Vince M. , Naeve Seth L. , Casteel Shaun N. , Diers Brian W. , Esker Paul D. , Specht James E. , Conley Shawn P. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTPlanting date is a commonly manipulated management practice in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production; however, the impacts of past and ongoing agronomic improvements, such as earlier planting, on genetic yield improvement and associated changes in seed protein and oil have not been evaluated. The objectives of this study were to determine if a 30‐d difference in planting date affected measured rates of genetic improvement in (i) yield, (ii) seed mass, and (iii) seed protein and oil in the midwestern United States. Research was conducted at Arlington, WI, Urbana, IL, and Lafayette, IN, during 2010 and 2011, using 59 Maturity Group (MG) II cultivars (released 1928–2008) at Wisconsin, and 57 MG III cultivars (released 1923–2007) at Illinois and Indiana, with targeted planting dates of 1 May and 1 June. Earlier planting provided higher yields (+3.1 kg ha−1 yr−1) than late planting in MG III soybean. Seed protein concentration decreased linearly over cultivar year of release at a rate of 0.191 (± 0.069) g kg−1 yr−1 for MG II, and 0.242 (± 0.063) g kg−1 yr−1 for MG III. Seed oil concentration increased over year of release at a rate of 0.142 (± 0.037) g kg−1 yr−1 for MG II, and 0.127 (± 0.039) g kg−1 yr−1 for MG III. The interaction between planting date and cultivar year of release for MG III yield suggested that the trend toward earlier planting is one agronomic improvement that, when coupled with genetic improvement, has provided a synergistic increase in on‐farm soybean yields in the midwestern United States.
Validation of Molecular Markers for New Stem Rust Resistance Genes in U.S. Hard Winter Wheat
Authors: Bernardo Amy N. , Bowden Robert L. , Rouse Matthew N. , Newcomb Maria S. , Marshall David S. , Bai Guihua 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTStem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), is one of the most serious diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. The discovery of new Pgt races in Africa, Ug99 and its variants, brings a new threat to global wheat production. Pyramiding several stem rust resistance genes into adapted varieties as opposed to breeding varieties with a single resistance gene is considered a more effective method to combat new races, but the success of gene pyramiding depends on the availability of molecular markers tightly linked to resistance genes. Markers for Ug99‐effective genes, Sr2, Sr22, Sr26, Sr32, Sr35, Sr39, and Sr40, were evaluated for usefulness in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) of hard winter wheat (HWW) using 10 resistance gene donor lines, 17 recently released U.S. HWW varieties or breeding lines, and 20 advanced introgression lines. Markers XcsIH81‐BM and XcsIH81‐AG for Sr22, Xsr26#43 and XBE51879 for Sr26, Xbarc55 for Sr32, Xbarc51 for Sr35, Xrwg27 for Sr39, Xsr39#22r for Sr40, and csSr2‐derived single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) marker for Sr2 are diagnostic for the set of HWW accessions evaluated in this study. These markers should be useful in marker‐assisted pyramiding of stem rust resistance genes to develop HWW cultivars with multiple gene resistance against Ug99 races.
Clinical Utility of Biomarkers of AKI in Cardiac Surgery and Critical Illness
Authors: Koyner Jay L. , Parikh Chirag R. 
Published: March 2013

Summary
AKI is a common and serious complication that is associated with several adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients. The past several years have seen a large number of multicenter investigations of biomarkers of AKI in the setting of cardiac surgery and critical illness. This review summarizes these biomarker results to identify applications for clinical use. The Translational Research Investigating Biomarker Endpoints in AKI (TRIBE-AKI) study showed that blood and urine biomarkers measured preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at the time of the clinical increase in serum creatinine in the setting of cardiac surgery all had the ability to improve patient risk stratification for a variety of important clinical end points. Analyses of biomarkers concentrations from the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network, EARLY ARF, and other studies of critically ill subjects have similarly shown that biomarkers measured early in the clinical course can forecast the development of AKI and need for renal replacement therapy as well as inpatient mortality. Although biomarkers have informed the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of AKI and are inching closer to clinical application, large multicenter interventional clinical trials to prevent AKI using biomarkers should continue to be an active area of clinical investigation.
Correlation between occlusal abnormalities and parameters investigated by three-dimensional facial photography
Authors: Godt Arnim , Bechtold Till Edward , Schaupp Edgar , Zeyher Claudia , Koos Bernd , Baas Eva , Berneburg Mirjam 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To clarify, by three-dimensional (3D) facial scans, if 4- to 6-year-old children with intraoral sagittal discrepancies and open-bite occlusion show differences in facial morphology when compared to children without anomalies.

Materials and Methods:
Scans of 290 children presenting with occlusal abnormalities were compared to 1772 face scans of age-matched individuals photographed with a faceSCAN II® 3D data acquisition system. From these, three study groups were formed comprising 188 children with distal occlusion/increased overjet (Class II), 37 with mesial occlusion/inverse overjet (Class III), and 65 with open-bite occlusion. These groups were evaluated by age and gender for each group compared to the control individuals.

Results:
The Class II group showed statistically significant reduced dimensions of head width, upper face width, and midface length. In addition, the mean values for mouth width and lip thickness were higher, and their upper lips were located more anteriorly than in the control group. The Class III group exhibited more markedly retruded upper lips. The facial profile of female 5-year-old Class III patients was significantly more concave. Patients in the open-bite group showed reduced upper lip length, with differences only being statistically significant in male 4-year-olds.

Conclusion:
Dental Class II with increased overjet and dental Class III with decreased overjet influence soft tissue morphology and are represented on 3D facial scans.
The association of leptin gene polymorphism with reproductive usefulness and selected blood biochemical indicators of hybrid sows (Polish Large White × Polish Landrace)
Authors: Wierzchowska Agata , Kołodziej-Skalska Anita , Napierała Dorota , Kawęcka Maria , Jacyno Eugenia 
Published: March 2013

Rapid developments in the field of molecular genetics have led to new possibilities to identify polymorphic genes and to detect quantitative trait loci with major effects on economically important reproduction traits. Our study has defined the influence of polymorphism at position 3469 of the leptin gene on reproductive performance in sows as well as on selected blood biochemical indices in pregnant sows The research involved 173 multiparous sows after the second and third farrowing, crossbreds of Polish Large White and Polish Landrace breeds. The collected data on reproductive performance of sows concerned the number of live births, the number of weaned piglets and the length of weaning-to-estrus interval in the sows. Parities from the first to the fourth were analysed. A sample of blood was collected from each sow in the third month of pregnancy in order to isolate and then analyse DNA with the use of the PCR-RFLP methods. Blood biochemical analyses were performed as well. Two alleles of the leptin-coding gene (T and C) were found in examined herd. In the second parity, where the live birth number was concerned, the difference between the CC (10.4) and TT (9.0) leptin genotypes proved to be significant (P ≤ 0.05). Analyses of blood biochemical indices revealed virtually no significant differences between the genotypes compared. However, it was noted that the glucose concentration was the highest in the sows with TT genotype and the lowest in the sows with CC genotype.
Socialism for a New Generation: ccf Youth in the Popular Front Era
Authors: Naylor James 
Published: March 2013

Abstract: In the 1930s, the Co-operative Commonwealth Youth Movement attempted to rally young people to the cause of socialism and the ccf. In doing so, they revealed much about the emerging political and social culture of youth coming of age during the Great Depression and their relationship to “adult” socialists whose ideas had been formulated before and during the labour revolt of 1919. Perhaps most importantly, they wrestled with the challenges of political action and the new perceptions of class reflected in New Deal liberalism and particularly the Popular Front of the latter half of the decade. While diverse in their social backgrounds and in their attitude toward the ccf leadership and the lure of the Communist-identified mass movements like the Canadian Youth Congress, they reflected a youth-oriented desire for a more active, extra-parliamentary strategy but were also drawn toward statist social reform that would be a hallmark of the ccf they would inherit after the Second World War.
Adolescent Multilingual Writer’s Negotiation of Multiple Identities and Access to Academic Writing: A Case Study of aJogi YuhakStudent in a US High School
Authors: Yi Youngjoo 
Published: March 2013

Abstract:This article describes a longitudinal case study of Hoon (a pseudonym), an adolescent multilingual writer, with respect to his negotiation of multiple identities and access to academic writing practices. Through an inductive analysis of multiple data sources (interviews, observations, literacy artifacts, and field notes), the researcher observed that while negotiating a stigmatized ESL-student identity and an academic achiever identity, Hoon developed some survival strategies through school. Notably, those strategies acted as a double-edged sword in that they helped Hoon earn high grades but prevented him from engaging in extensive academic literacy activities. Findings from this study provide a more in-depth understanding of the nuanced experiences, challenges, and characteristics of adolescent multilingual writers and suggest a need for further examination of social contexts in which students construct positive identities, access various writing practices, and grasp the value of writing (whether in their first or second language) for academic and other purposes.
Reviews
Authors: Underhill Frank , Woodhouse A. S. P. , Brezik V. B. , C. W. H. 
Published: March 2013

David J. Dallin, Russia and Postwar Europe, reviewed by Frank H. Underhill David J. Dallin, The Real Sovie Russia, reviewed by Frank H. Underhill Edgar Snow, The Pattern of Soviet Power, reviewed by Frank H. Underhill William Haller and Godfrey Davies, eds., The Leveller Tracts 1647–1653, reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse Don M. Wolfe, ed., Leveller Manifestoes of the Puritan Revolution, reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse Zera S. Fink, The Classical Republicans: An Essay in the Recovery of a Pattern of Thought in Seventeenth Century England, reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse Anton C. Pegis, ed., Basic Writings of Saint Thomas Aquinas, reviewed by V. B. Brezik Charles W. Kennedy, The Earliest English Poetry. A Critical Survey of the Poetry Written before the Norman Conquest with Illustrative Translations, reviewed by W. H. C.
Reviews
Authors: Soward  , Woodhouse  , Saunders Doris 
Published: March 2013

Harriet L. Moore, Soviet Far Eastern Policy, 1931-1945, reviewed by F. H. Soward T. A. Bisson, America's Far Eastern Policy, reviewed by F. H. Soward Walter Jackson Bate, From Classic to Romantic: Premises of Taste in Eighteenth-century England, reviewed by A. S. P. Woodhouse De Witt T. Starnes and Gertrude E. Noyes, The English Dictionary from Cawdry to Johnson, 1604–1755, reviewed by Doris B. Saunders Helen Merrell Lynd, England in the Eighteen-Eighties: Toward a Social Basis for Freedom, reviewed by A. S. P. W. Elkin Calhoun Wilson, Prince Henry and English Literature, reviewed by H. S. W. Janet E. Brown, “The Saga of Elsie Dinsmore.”, reviewed by R. D. Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf in collaboration with Elizabeth von Fürer-Haimendorf, The Aboriginal Tribes of Hyderabad. Volume II. The Reddis of the Bison Hills: A Study in Acculturation, reviewed by T. F. McI.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the visual cortex performed in children under sedation to assist in presurgical planning
Authors: Li Weier , Wait Scott D. , Ogg Robert J. , Scoggins Matt A. , Zou Ping , Wheless James , Boop Frederick A. 
Published: March 2013

Object
Advances in brain imaging have allowed for more sophisticated mapping of crucial neural structures. Functional MRI (fMRI) measures local changes in blood oxygenation associated with changes in neural activity and is useful in mapping cortical activation. Applications of this imaging modality have generally been restricted to cooperative patients; however, fMRI has proven successful in localizing the motor cortex for neurosurgical planning in uncooperative children under sedation. The authors demonstrate that the use of fMRI to localize the visual cortex in sedated children can be safely and effectively performed, allowing for more accurate presurgical planning to spare visual structures.

Methods
Between 2007 and 2009, 11 children (age range 1–11 years) underwent fMRI for neurosurgical planning while under sedation. Blood oxygen level–dependent fMRI was performed to detect visual cortex activation during stimulation through closed eyelids. Visual stimulation was presented in block design with periods of flashing light alternated with darkness.

Results
Functional MRI was successful in identifying visual cortex in each of the 11 children tested. There were no complications with propofol sedation or the fMRI. All children suffered from epilepsy, 5 had brain tumors, and 1 had tuberous sclerosis. After fMRI was performed, 6 patients underwent surgery. Frameless stereotactic guidance was synchronized with fMRI data to design an approach to spare visual structures during resection. There were no cases where a false negative led to unexpected visual field deficits or other side effects of surgery. In 2 cases, the fMRI results demonstrated that the tracts were already disrupted: in one case from a prior tumor operation and in another from dysplasia.

Conclusions
Functional MRI for evaluation of visual pathways can be safely and reproducibly performed in young or uncooperative children under light sedation. Identification of primary visual cortex aids in presurgical planning to avoid vision loss in appropriately selected patients.
Telling Tales Out of School: Pragmatic Reflections on Philosophical Storytelling
Authors: Colapietro Vincent M. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACT
This article offers a critique of a deeply engrained tendency to narrate the story of American pragmatism exclusively or primarily in terms of modern European philosophy. While it suggests alternative stories, it is principally a metanarrative, an intentionally polemical story about our entrenched habits of philosophical storytelling. Indeed, the pragmatics of storytelling merits, especially in reference to historical accounts of American pragmatism, critical attention. The seemingly simple question, “What are we doing when we tell the story of this movement in this manner rather than that?” is a truly important one. It is also an avowedly pragmatic question.
Ethanol Production from Whey by Kluyveromyces marxianus in Batch Fermentation System: Kinetics Parameters Estimation
Authors: Ariyanti Dessy , Hadiyanto Hadiyanto 
Published: March 2013

Whey is the liquid remaining after milk has been curdled and strained. It is a by-product of the manufacture of cheese or casein and has several commercial uses. In environmental point of view, whey is kind of waste which has high pollution level due to it’s contain high organic compound with BOD and COD value 50 and 80 g/L respectively. On the other side, whey also contain an amount of lactose (4.5%-5%); lactose can be used as carbon source and raw material for producing ethanol via fermentation using yeast strain Kluyveromyces marxianus. The objective of this research is to investigate the ethanol production kinetics from crude whey through fermentation using Kluyveromyces marxianus and to predict the model kinetics parameter. The yeast was able to metabolize most of the lactose within 16 h to give 8.64 g/L ethanol, 4.43 g/L biomass, and remain the 3.122 g/L residual lactose. From the results presented it also can be concluded that common kinetic model for microbial growth, substrate consumption, and product formation is a good alternative to describe an experimental batch fermentation of Kluyveromyces marxianus grown on a medium composed of whey. The model was found to be capable of reflecting all batch culture phases to a certain degree of accuracy, giving the parameter value: μmax, Ks, YX/S, α, β : 0.32, 10.52, 0.095, 1.52, and 0.11 respectively.© 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Personal space, evasive movement and pedestrian level of service
Authors: Kim Sangyoup , Choi Jaisung , Kim Sungkyu , Tay Richard 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYThis study proposed a behavioral theory‐based approach to better assess pedestrian levels of service for sidewalks, using the concepts of personal space and pedestrian evasive movements. Data from pedestrian interviews and video recordings at 28 commercial, residential, and leisure locations were used to analyze the effects of pedestrian movements on pedestrian perceived levels of service. With these results, a new measure of pedestrian level of service was developed. With the use of a separate validation sample, the revised levels of service obtained were found to be more consistent with the pedestrian perceived levels than the levels prescribed by the Korean Highway Capacity Manual. Hence, this research recommended the use of the revised measures for pedestrian level of service in the design and evaluation of pedestrian facilities. We also found that pedestrian evasive movements on sidewalks could better explain pedestrians' perception of the levels of service for a given facility. Moreover, pedestrian evasive movements were found to be sensitive to the width of the sidewalk and pedestrian volume. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.