bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Fluorescein on the Antimicrobial Efficacy of Photoactivated Riboflavin in Corneal Collagen Cross-linking
Authors: Richoz Olivier , Gatzioufas Zisis , Francois Patrice , Schrenzel Jacques , Hafezi Farhad 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:
To investigate the effect of fluorescein on the antimicrobial efficacy of photoactivated riboflavin in corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) in vitro.

METHODS:

The ultraviolet light-A (UVA) absorption by fluorescein and riboflavin in different concentrations was analyzed with a spectrophotometer. The killing rate of
Staphylococcus aureus
strains after CXL with UV-A irradiation using different solutions containing riboflavin and/or fluorescein, was evaluated in vitro.

RESULTS:

Fluorescein absorbed UV-A to a significant extent, which augmented with increasing concentration. Moreover, addition of fluorescein to the riboflavin solution contributed to a significant reduction of the killing rate of
S. aureus
strains after 30 minutes of UV-A irradiation in vitro with a killing rate of 85%, whereas it was 47% in the presence of 2% fluorescein (
P
= .0247).

CONCLUSIONS:
The results indicate that fluorescein competes with riboflavin for the absorption of UV-A during CXL and reduces the antimicrobial effect of the procedure. The authors recommend that physicians treating infectious ulcerative keratitis by CXL should not stain the cornea with fluorescein for visualization of the corneal ulceration prior to CXL.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013:29(12):842–845.]
Comparative Outcomes of Bimanual MICS and 2.2-mm Coaxial Phacoemulsification Assisted by Femtosecond Technology
Authors: Alió Jorge L. , Soria Felipe , Abdou Ahmed A. , Peña-García Pablo , Fernández-Buenaga Roberto , Javaloy Jaime 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:To compare the efficacy and safety outcomes of bimanual microincision cataract surgery (MICS) versus 2.2-mm coaxial phacoemulsification assisted by Femtosecond LenSx (Alcon-LenSx Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA).METHODS:This prospective, randomized, observational, comparative case series comprised 50 cataractous eyes of 50 patients receiving femtosecond laser refractive lens surgery followed by a bimanual MICS technique with two 1-mm incisions (25 patients) (FemtoMICS group) and a coaxial phacoemulsification technique with a 1-mm paracentesis and a 2.2-mm principal incision (25 patients) (FemtoCoaxial group). The main outcomes measures were: ultrasound power, effective phacoemulsification time, postoperative spherical equivalent, higher-order aberrations (corneal and internal), corneal thickness, endothelial cell count, macular thickness, and complications during and after surgery. Both groups were absolutely comparable for all variables preoperatively.RESULTS:Mean ultrasound power was 1.8% ± 0.9% for MICS and 14.7% ± 4.9% for 2.2-mm incisions (P< .001). Effective phacoemulsification time values for MICS and 2.2-mm incisions were 1.5 ± 0.9 and 4.5 ± 2.9 sec, respectively (P= .002). Mean postoperative spherical equivalent was −0.26 for FemtoMICS and −0.33 for FemtoCoaxial (P> .05). The efficacy index at 1 month postoperatively was 160.2% for FemtoMICS and 149% for FemtoCoaxial. No significant differences were found in corneal thickness, endothelial cell count, and macular thickness. Complications included posterior capsule rupture (4%) and anterior capsule rupture with no posterior capsule tear (4%) for FemtoMICS and bridges due to incomplete capsulorhexis (4%) for FemtoCoaxial.CONCLUSIONS:MICS and coaxial phacoemulsification techniques assisted by the Femtosecond LenSx achieved excellent safety and efficient outcomes. The FemtoMICS technique was surgically and statistically more efficient than the FemtoCoaxial technique.[J Refract Surg.2014;30(1):34–40.]
Agreement Between Placido Topography and Scheimpflug Tomography for Corneal Astigmatism Assessment
Authors: Delrivo Marianella , Ruiseñor Vázquez Pablo R. , Galletti Jonatán David , Garibotto Martín , Bonthoux Fernando Fuentes , Pförtner Tomás , Galletti Jeremías Gastón 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:
To evaluate inter-device agreement between Placido topography (iTrace; Tracey Technologies, Houston, TX) and Scheimpflug tomography (Pentacam; Oculus Optikgeräte GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) for measuring corneal power and cylinder and axis of astigmatism.

METHODS:
Observational case series of 54 eyes from 54 subjects with no ocular disease. Main outcome measures were corneal power, cylinder power, and axis of astigmatism and their agreement was assessed by Bland–Altman analysis.

RESULTS:

For corneal power and corneal cylinder, 95% limits of agreement (LoA) were considered good (−0.38 to 0.45 diopters [D] and −0.49 to 0.27 D, respectively). In contrast, the 95% LoA for corneal astigmatism axis exceeded the clinically relevant margins (−14.8 to 13.5): 28 eyes (52%) had a greater than 5° difference, 10 eyes (19%) had a greater than 10° difference, and 4 eyes (7%) had a greater than 20° difference between instruments. This absolute difference was significantly correlated with average corneal cylinder (Spearman’s
r
= −0.379,
P
= .005) but not with average corneal power. In eyes with corneal astigmatism 2 D or greater, the 95% LoA for axis were −8.7° to 6.7°, whereas in those with corneal astigmatism less than 1 D, the 95% LoA for axis were −19.1° to 16.6°.

CONCLUSIONS:
Placido topography and Scheimpflug tomography show good agreement for corneal power and cylinder, but not for corneal astigmatism axis. These instruments could be used interchangeably only in eyes with corneal astigmatism of 2 D or greater.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(1):49–53.]
Optimizing Precision in Toric Lens Selection by Combining Keratometry Techniques
Authors: Browne Andrew W. , Osher Robert H. 
Published: February 2014

PURPOSE:
To increase precision in toric intraocular lens selection by reducing the frequency of outliers that arise from technology-dependent variability during the preoperative assessment for routine cataract surgery.

METHODS:

Mean preoperative values for absolute sphere, amount of astigmatism, and steepest cylindrical axis were obtained for 87 eyes (54 patients) each with a manual keratometer and four automated keratometers. The mean sphere, amount of astigmatism, and steepest cylindrical axis across five technologies for each eye were defined as the
meld
sphere,
meld
astigmatism, and
meld
axis, respectively. Each technology was evaluated against the
meld
by Bland–Altman analysis, Student’s paired
t
test, and correlation coefficients. Further comparison between individual technologies and the
meld
quantified the number of outlier measurements each technology produced.

RESULTS:

The number of outliers between individual keratometers and the
meld
differed with specific measurement of sphere, axis, or amount of astigmatism. Although statistical analysis using Bland–Altman plots, correlation coefficients, and paired
t
tests suggested insignificant difference from
meld
measurements for each parameter, precision-guided analysis presented more clinically significant outliers. The number of outliers can be reduced for sphere (range: 2%–46% to 1%–6%), astigmatism (range: 6%–23% to 0%–2%), and axis outliers (range: 15%–27% to 3%–6%) by averaging measurements from automated and manual keratometers.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although multiple keratometry technologies produced similar, average measurements, the authors found a disturbing number of outliers that may be overlooked when employing a single technology. Measurement errors can be dramatically reduced by averaging measurements from manual keratometry with any automated technology to make toric lens selection more precise.

[
J Refract Surg.
2014;30(1):67–72.]
The Complexity of Older Adults’ Social Support Networks
Authors: Chaichanawirote Uraiwan , Higgins Patricia A. 
Published: February 2014

The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed snapshot of the diversity of social support networks of 95 independent-living older adults (mean age = 76). Participants in the convenience sample were recruited from senior centers and a retirement community. Using the Arizona Social Support Interview Schedule and egocentric network analysis, participants’ networks are described in terms of patterns, density, size of positive networks (available and utilized), size of negative networks (available and utilized), support need, and support satisfaction. Each participant and the identified members of his or her network were considered a complex adaptive system. Network boundary was 7 members; average network size was 6.22 members (SD= 1.50); network density was moderate (mean = 0.53,SD= 0.33); positive interaction networks were larger than negative networks; and overall, participants reported moderate support need (mean = 2.5,SD= 0.7) and high support satisfaction (mean = 5.9,SD= 1.0).[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2013; 6(4):275–282.]
Comparison of Fundus Autofluorescence Between Fundus Camera and Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope–based Systems
Authors: Park Sung Pyo , Siringo Frank S. , Pensec Noelle , Hong In Hwan , Sparrow Janet , Barile Gaetano , Tsang Stephen H. , Chang Stanley 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To compare fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging via fundus camera (FC) and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
FAF images were obtained with a digital FC (530 to 580 nm excitation) and a cSLO (488 nm excitation). Two authors evaluated correlation of autofluorescence pattern, atrophic lesion size, and image quality between the two devices.

RESULTS:

In 120 eyes, the autofluorescence pattern correlated in 86% of lesions. By lesion subtype, correlation rates were 100% in hemorrhage, 97% in geographic atrophy, 82% in flecks, 75% in drusen, 70% in exudates, 67% in pigment epithelial detachment, 50% in fibrous scars, and 33% in macular hole. The mean lesion size in geographic atrophy was 4.57 ± 2.3 mm
2
via cSLO and 3.81 ± 1.94 mm
2
via FC (
P
< .0001). Image quality favored cSLO in 71 eyes.

CONCLUSION:
FAF images were highly correlated between the FC and cSLO. Differences between the two devices revealed contrasts. Multiple image capture and confocal optics yielded higher image contrast with the cSLO, although acquisition and exposure time was longer.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:536–543.]
Assessment of Novel Guarded Needle to Increase Patient Comfort and Decrease Injection Time During Intravitreal Injection
Authors: Eaton Alexander M. , Gordon Gabriel M. , Wafapoor Hussein , Sgarlata Adam , Avery Robert L. 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether a novel guarded 33-gauge injection device can make the intravitreal injection procedure faster and more comfortable for patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Single-center, prospective, randomized interventional study. Seventy participants receiving bilateral injections on the same day had one eye injected with the 33-gauge injection device without a speculum and the other eye injected with a standard 30-gauge needle using a speculum. Length of time needed for the injection procedure was assessed, and subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding their comfort level with each device during the injection procedure as well as immediately after, later that evening, and the next day.

RESULTS:
Intravitreal injections using the 33-gauge injection device were significantly faster, but there was no significant difference in the incidence or levels of pain between the two needle types.

CONCLUSION:
The 33-gauge injection device may offer advantages over a standard 30-gauge needle when performing an intravitreal injection.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2013;44:561–568.]
The Use of Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography for Differentiating Long-standing Central Retinal Artery Occlusion and Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Dotan Gad , Goldenberg Dafna , Kesler Anat , Naftaliev Elvira , Loewenstein Anat , Goldstein Michaella 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To report on the efficacy of macular and optic nerve spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in differentiating between long-standing central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
SD-OCT scans of the macula and optic nerve in 24 patients with unilateral optic atrophy secondary to CRAO (12 patients) and NAION (12 patients) were compared both qualitatively and quantitatively for differentiating features.

RESULTS:

In patients with long-standing CRAO, there was a significantly greater (
P
< .001) thinning of the macula relative to the fellow uninvolved eye (–59.7 ± 31.8 μm) compared to patients with longstanding NAION (–19.9 ± 8.4 μm) even though both conditions caused a similar (
P
= .726) degree of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer loss (−42.4 ± 18.5 μm and −44.1 ± 12.4 μm, respectively).

CONCLUSION:
SD-OCT macular scans can be used as an adjunctive tool for differentiating between longstanding CRAO and NAION.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:38–44.]
Intraoperative Grasp Site Correlation With Morphologic Changes in Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer After Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling
Authors: Diaz Rocio I. , Randolph John C. , Sigler Eric J. , Calzada Jorge I. 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Recent reports have demonstrated inner retinal changes after internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, but the mechanism responsible for these findings remains poorly understood. The purpose of this report is to establish a correlation between ILM removal and postoperative morphologic changes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Prospective, observational case series of eight consecutive patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling for macular hole or epimacular membrane. Intraoperatively, all grasp sites were recorded and subsequently superimposed on postoperative infrared and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images. Repeat examination and imaging were performed at regular postoperative intervals.

RESULTS:
Infrared fundus photography revealed well-defined, hyporeflective arcuate striations in all patients during the early postoperative period. These defects followed the course of axonal pathways from the grasp site to the optic nerve. SD-OCT images on all patients revealed early focal nerve fiber layer swelling directly corresponding to grasp sites, with eventual atrophy.

CONCLUSION:
A dynamic process takes place within the inner retina following surgical removal of ILM. Inadvertent surgical trauma induced by ILM forceps may be the mechanism responsible for nerve fiber layer morphologic changes after ILM peeling.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:45–49.]
Surgical Correction of Retinal Folds Involving the Fovea
Authors: Zacharias Leandro C. , Nóbrega Priscilla F.C. , Takahashi Walter Y. 
Published: February 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Retinal folds are a rare complication after retinal detachment repair. Surgery is required if the fovea is involved. There are few surgical reports in the literature, describing various surgical approaches.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
The authors employed a surgical technique to treat retinal folds involving the fovea in a 59-year-old woman. Perimacular subretinal blebs were created with a 41-gauge cannula in conjunction with fluid-air exchange to coalesce the fluid at the macula. Perfluorocarbon liquid was injected to flatten the retina, and subretinal fluid drainage was performed through a peripheral retinotomy.

RESULTS:
The macula was successfully unfolded during surgery. Visual acuity improved from 20/800 to 20/50. After 3 months, mild changes at the outer nuclear layer were observed on optical coherence tomography, and autofluorescence showed tracks of hypoautofluorescence where the forced infusion of liquid started.

CONCLUSION:
The authors describe an effective surgical approach for the correction of retinal folds involving the fovea. Prompt treatment as well as gentle surgical manipulation are key points to obtain an improvement in visual acuity.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:50–53.]
Caseating Granulomatous Inflammation: Think beyond Tuberculosis
Authors: Chaganti Padmavathi Devi , Prabhakar YVS , Seetaram KA , Babu Kalyan 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA 33 years old male human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive patient on antiretroviral therapy developed caseating granulomatous inflammation of lymph nodes. He did not respond to antituberculous treatment. Subsequently, he developed gastrointestinal tract lesions. Special stains show positivity for histoplasmosisThe case is presented because of its resemblance to tuberculosis.How to cite this articleChaganti PD, Prabhakar YVS, Seetaram KA, Babu K. Caseating Granulomatous Inflammation: Think beyond Tuberculosis. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2013;3(2):51-54.
Urbach-Wiethe Disease: A Rare Cause of Hoarseness of Voice
Authors: Koganti Deepthi 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTUrbach-Wiethe disease is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder, characterized by infiltration of periodic acid-Schiff positive hyaline material into the skin, oral cavity, larynx and internal organs. The clinical manifestations include hoarseness of voice, beaded papules along the eyelid margins, skin scarring and an inability to protrude the enlarged and thickened tongue. Laryngeal involvement is typical and causes hoarseness of voice. In this paper, we present a case of a middle-aged female with clinical features suggestive of Urbach-Wiethe disease. This entity is of interest to the otolaryngologist as it is a rare cause of hoarseness of voice.How to cite this articleKoganti D. Urbach-Wiethe Disease: A Rare Cause of Hoarseness of Voice. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2013;3(2):61-64.
Synch Holes and Patchwork in Early Feature-Film Scores
Authors: Dienstfrey Eric 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The aesthetics of early feature-film scores were shaped by narrational problems introduced by multi-reel features and their longer durations. Using The Patchwork Girl of Oz, I show how stylistic devices like silences and musical punctuation were used to address the coherence and pacing of multi-reel storytelling.
Pain in people living with HIV/AIDS: a systematic review
Authors: Parker Romy , Stein Dan J , Jelsma Jennifer 
Published: February 2014

IntroductionPain is one of the most commonly reported symptoms in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). However, wide ranges of pain prevalence have been reported, making it difficult to determine the relative impact of pain in PLWHA. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to establish the prevalence and characteristics of pain and to explore pain management in PLWHA.MethodsStudies that included cross‐sectional data were included in the search, which was conducted in April 2012. Databases searched using a time limit of March 1982 to March 2012 included PubMed, Scopus, Africa‐wide: NIPAD, CINAHL, PsychARTICLES, PSYCINFO, PSYCHIATRYONLINE, ScienceDirect and Web of Science. Search terms selected were “pain” and “HIV” or “acquired immune deficiency syndrome.” Two reviewers independently screened all citation abstracts for inclusion. Methodological quality was evaluated using a standardized 11‐item critical appraisal tool.ResultsAfter full text review, 61 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Prevalence of pain ranged from a point prevalence of 54% (95%CI 51.14–56.09) to 83% (95%CI 76–88) using a three‐month recall period. The reported pain was of moderate‐to‐severe intensity, and pain was reported in one to two and a half different anatomical sites. Moderate levels of pain interference with function were reported. All nine studies reporting on the adequacy of pain management recorded marked under‐treatment of pain.DiscussionThe studies reviewed reported that pain commonly presents at multiple pain sites with a range of severity suggesting that there are several differing pathological processes contributing to pain at one time. The interplay of variables associated with pain suggests that the biopsychosocial model of pain is an appropriate paradigm from which to view pain in PLWHA and from which to approach the problem, explore causes and establish effective treatment.ConclusionsThe results highlight that pain is common in PLWHA at all stages of the disease. The prevalence rates for pain in PLWHA do not appear to have diminished over the 30 years spanning the studies reviewed. The body of work available in the literature thus far, while emphasizing the problem of pain, has not had an impact on its management.
The role of soil processes in δ18O terrestrial climate proxies
Authors: Kanner Lisa C. , Buenning Nikolaus H. , Stott Lowell D. , Timmermann Axel , Noone David 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA paleoclimate interpretation of a terrestrial hydrologic proxy such as the δ18O of tree cellulose or speleothem calcite may be biased or misinterpreted if the isotopic composition of the soil water from which the proxy originated undergoes isotopic exchange or fractionation. In this study, we use a global isotope‐enabled land surface model to investigate how the δ18O of precipitation may be altered in a soil column due to evaporation and vertical moisture transport. In order to assess how precipitation and evaporation contribute to the soil water isotopic variability, we compare seasonal and interannual changes in simulated xylem water δ18O within a control simulation and in a suite of sensitivity experiments where the effects of precipitation δ18O, water vapor δ18O, and soil water evaporation are independently removed. The simulations, carried out for the period 1979 to 2004, reveal that in semiarid regions, such as the southwest United States, the seasonal cycle in xylem water δ18O is strongly affected by evaporative loss during the dry season and evaporation can also constitute as much as 50% of the interannual δ18O variance. Additional simulations, including soil water tagging experiments, indicate that upward fluxes of soil water occur during drier periods. For soil water δ18O profiles that are isotopically more depleted in 18O at depth, this imparts a low isotopic signature to xylem water δ18O during such dry intervals. Hence, without taking into account vertical moisture transport in the soils, low δ18O years could be misinterpreted as wet conditions (due to decreased evaporative enrichment) when instead drier conditions are equally as likely.