bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of lemon peel extract as a natural additive in polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan blend for advanced bioactive food packaging
Authors: Fakraoui Oumaima , Atanase Leonard Ionut , Salhi Slim , Royaud Isabelle , Arous Mourad , Ayadi Zoubir 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLemon peel (LP) was integrated into polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/CS) to produce innovative active food packaging films via solvent‐casting method. PVA/CS/LP biocomposites were prepared with varying LP contents (1%, 3%, and 5% by weight) to investigate their impact on morphological, thermal, structural, biodegradability, solubility, mechanical, and bioactivity properties of the PVA/CS blend. Scanning electron microscope analysis revealed a uniform dispersion of LP within the matrix. Attenuated total reflectance ‐ fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) study confirmed interaction between lemon peel and the matrix. The incorporation of LP enhanced thermal stability and enzymatic activity of PVA/CS films while reducing their UV–vis light transparency. Additionally, the biodegradability of the biocomposites increased, reaching 74% after 30 days of soil burial. Moisture content, water solubility, and swelling decreased with LP content, favoring food preservation. It can be asserted from the tensile test that blending PVA with CS enhances the Young's modulus by 17%. The incorporation of LP into the PVA/CS blend further enhanced the Young's modulus and tensile strength to 1322 and 193 MPa, respectively, attributed to the strong hydrogen bonding between the PVA/CS matrix and LP. Moreover, PVA/CS/LP biocomposites effectively reduced weight loss in cherry tomatoes and inhibited microbial growth, suggesting their potential as eco‐friendly bioactive packaging materials for food preservation.
Design, synthesis, antimicrobial activity, and mechanism of novel 3‐(2,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives
Authors: Zheng Yuguo , Chen Mei , Zhang Renfeng , Xue Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant pathogens cause substantial crop losses annually, posing a grave threat to global food security. Fungicides have usually been used for their control, but the rapid development of pesticide resistance renders many ineffective, therefore the search for novel and efficient green pesticides to prevent and control plant diseases has become the top priority in crop planting.RESULTSThe results of bioassay studies indicated that most of the target compounds showed certain antimicrobial activity in vitro. In particular, compound X7 showed high inhibitory activity against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), with an EC50 value of 27.47 μg mL−1, surpassing conventional control agents such as thiazole zinc (41.55 μg mL−1) and thiodiazole copper (53.39 μg mL−1). Further studies on molecular docking showed that X7 had a strong binding affinity with 2FBW. The morphological change observed by scanning electron microscopy indicated that the surface of Xoo appears wrinkled and cracked under X7 treatment and a total of 2662 proteins were identified by label‐free proteomic analysis. Three experiments have elucidated the mechanism whereby X7 induced considerable changes in the physiological and biochemical properties of Xoo, which in turn affected the reproduction and growth of bacteria.CONCLUSIONThis work represents a pivotal advancement, offering important reference for the research and development therapeutics in combating plant pathogens. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Sustainable development through digital innovation: Unveiling the impact of big data comprehensive experimental zones on energy utilization efficiency
Authors: Xue Han , Cai Meng , Liu Baoliu , Di Kaisheng , Hu Jin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEfficient energy utilization stands as a linchpin for national energy security and sustainable development, particularly in developing countries. The transformative potential of big data in driving regional economic growth is pivotal for advancing the goals of sustainability and carbon neutrality. This study employs advanced Generalized Difference‐in‐Differences methods to investigate the enduring influence of establishing national Big Data Comprehensive Experimental Areas (BDCEAs) on energy utilization efficiency within the experimental zones from 2008 to 2020. Our findings underscore the significant role of BDCEAs in fostering sustainable energy practices and contributing to the global pursuit of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature. Through rigorous analysis, we reveal regional variations, emphasizing the substantial impact of big data on energy utilization efficiency in specific areas, while also exploring the underlying mechanisms of industrial structure upgrading, technological innovation, and resource allocation optimization. This research enriches the understanding of factors influencing energy utilization efficiency, providing valuable insights for leveraging the digital economy to promote a greener and more sustainable future.
The effect of heat treatment and high‐pressure homogenization on the dispersibility and interfacial behavior of faba bean protein isolate and concentrate
Authors: Coker Oluwafemi Jeremiah , Shand Phyllis J. , Ghosh Supratim 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe effect of hydrothermal treatments, high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) and their combined effects on faba bean protein isolate (FBI) and concentrate (FBC) dispersions was investigated. With HPH, a significant reduction in particle size was observed for FBI but not for FBC. For FBI, dispersion stability under accelerated gravitation was significantly improved by both hydrothermal and HPH. For FBC, hydrothermal treatment had a negative effect on dispersion stability unless it was combined with HPH. The protein dispersibility of FBI increased, and FBC decreased with increasing temperature. Upon HPH, the protein dispersibility of FBI dramatically improved, making it almost completely soluble. All FBI dispersions had a higher surface charge compared to FBC. SDS PAGE profile showed strong protein crosslinking in the original FBI, leading to a loss of legumin and vicilin bands, which were visible in a more native state of FBC. Physical modifications did not significantly affect the viscosities except for a significant increase in FBC heated at 75°C due to starch gelatinization. The equilibrium interfacial tension of the modified FBI was significantly lower than the FBC. Analysis of dynamic interfacial adsorption showed that FBI had a much faster initial diffusion (beyond detection limit) towards the interface than FBC. Physical modifications improved the surface hydrophobicity of the proteins, leading to faster interfacial adsorption. Overall, FBI dispersions had improved functional properties compared to FBC, and HPH had a more significant effect than hydrothermal treatments. Physically modified FBI could be a promising emulsifier in various food applications.
Investigating and Improving Microbial Desalination Cell Performance Using Potassium Ferricyanide as a Chemical Catholyte
Authors: Alismaeel Ziad T. , M‐Ridha Mohanad J. , Shamikh Mohammed G. , Abd‐almohi Hussein H. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe crisis of obtaining drinking water and electrical energy from clean sources has been the primary focus of researchers seeking ecologically acceptable and cost‐effective alternatives. The microbial desalination cell (MDC) has shown to be one of the most cost‐effective and promising ways for creating electricity, cleaning sewage water, and naturally desalinating water. In this work, the AEM (Anion Exchange Membrane) was used in the anodic chamber, and potassium ferricyanide in the cathodic chamber as catholyte solution. Meanwhile, SEM (Scanning electron microscopy) analyses was used to define the resulting surface morphologies. This study gave an optimization model by Central Composite Design model, where all the variables affecting the microbial desalination cell (the initial concentration of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), the initial concentration of TDS (Total dissolved solids) and the operating time of the cell) were entered to obtain an equation for each response (electrical energy productivity, COD removal efficiency and water desalination efficiency) in addition to study the ANOVA (Analysis of variance) for each response and study the interactions of the variables with each other that affect the response. The variables were determined for the initial concentration of (COD) from (300‐1200 mg/L) and the initial concentration of (TDS) from (15–35 g/L) and the duration of the operating time was from (4–24 h) the maximum productivity was obtained. The power was 2.2 mW, and the maximum water desalination gave 42 %, and the optimum COD removal was 35 %. In addition to diagnosing the active sludge employed and defining the kind of bacteria controlling it, this research looked at the breakdown of the yield of ion exchange membranes, which had a negative impact on the desalination process and the productivity of electrical energy.
Preparation of Thermo‐Responsive Smart and Shrinkable Bio‐Composite Using Sugarcane Waste and Sustainable Polyurethane
Authors: Mukherjee Chandrapaul , Samanta Debasis , Sultan Nasar A. , Jaisankar Sellamuthu N. , Sarkar Jit 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSmart materials that respond to external stimuli are useful for applications ranging from artificial skin to sensing to cosmetics. Inspired by natural phenomena (self‐healing, shape memory, and shrinking), this work develops a novel smart bio‐composite using sustainable polyurethane (PU) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) waste without using a solvent. PU is synthesized using polycaprolactone (PCL) diol, castor oil (CO) as a polyol, and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as diisocyanate. Composites are prepared using PU and SB in the presence and absence of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and are denoted as PBA and PB, respectively. TGA and DSC analysis indicate the broad (−68.4 °C to 192 °C) thermal stability of these materials. PBA and PB composites exhibited relatively fast (20–30 min) self‐healing and high shape fixity ratio (Rf) (70–83%), and shape recovery ratio (Rr) (82–100%) at 60 °C in the air. Furthermore, PBA shows hot water‐responsive rapid 100% shape recovery and also exhibits thermoresponsive shrinkage properties like human skin. PBA lifts a material 13.3±2 % of its original length by utilizing its thermoresponsive shrinking property. These inexpensive materials with self‐healing, shape recovery, high thermal stability, and thermo‐responsive properties are attractive and may be useful in artificial skin, sensor, and coating applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Bulky α‐Hydroxy Ketones by N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Benzoin Condensation
Authors: Hasdemir Belma , Alhallak Abdurrahman , Yıldız Tülay 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntramolecular benzoin condensation, which is a powerful and useful method for the formation of carbon−carbon bonds from aldehydes, is also an advantageous method for the preparation of a wide variety of α‐hydroxy ketones. The α‐Hydroxy carbonyl groups are an important structure for natural products, industrial, and pharmaceutical materials. In this study, it was aimed to synthesize new bulky α‐hydroxy ketones that can be used both as pharmaceutical materials and can lead to the synthesis of new organocatalysts. An effective method was applied for the synthesis of bulky hydroxy ketones 2 a–l using intramolecular benzoin condensation catalyzed by N‐heterocyclic carbene (I) from 4‐arenoxybenzaldehyde 1 a–f or 4‐thioetherbenzaldehyde 1 g–l derivatives and 12 new bulky α‐hydroxy ketone compounds 2 a–l were synthesized in 70–87 % isolated yield. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic and chromatographic methods such as FT‐IR, NMR, LC–MS, and CHN analysis. Additionally, compound 2 h selected as a model substrate was converted into 1,2 diol 3 h, 1,2‐diketone 4 h, and 1,2‐keto acetate 5 h derivatives, and structural analyses were performed. Moreover, chiral hydroxy ketone 2 h was obtained with 100 % ee due to the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by Lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL).
High Sensitivity Rotating Alternating Current Field Measurement for Arbitrary-Angle Underwater Cracks
Authors: Yuan Xin’an , Li Wei , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao , Zhao Jianchao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAlternating current field measurement (ACFM) technology has been used for sizing underwater structure cracks. However, conventional ACFM is more sensitive to cracks perpendicular to the induced current than cracks with other angles. In this paper, a rotating alternating current field measurement (RACFM) method and underwater test system are present for the detection of arbitrary-angle cracks with high sensitivity. The RACFM is proved by simulations and experiments. Arbitrary-angle cracks detection results obtained from ACFM and RACFM have shown that the RACFM method overcomes the limitation of directional detection of ACFM and effectively achieves high detection sensitivity for arbitrary-angle cracks on underwater structures.
Inspection of Both Inner and Outer Cracks in Aluminum Tubes Using Double Frequency Circumferential Current Field Testing Method
Authors: Yuan Xin’an , Li Wei , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao , Zhao Jianchao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAluminum and alloy tubes are widely used in industrial fields because of the advantage of good corrosion resistance, high thermal conductivity and light weight. Due to the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and fatigue corrosion cracking (FCC), both inner and outer cracks generates in the aluminum tube. It is still a challenge to inspect all inner and outer surface cracks in the thick-wall aluminum tube in real time by one scan using the nondestructive testing (NDT) method. A double frequency circumferential current field testing (CCFT) method is presented for the inspection of both inner and outer cracks in the aluminum tube in a one pass scan. A simulation model is proposed to extract characteristic signals of inner and outer cracks at two excitation frequencies. The bobbin-type probe is developed and excited by the synthetic double frequency excitation signal. Both inner and outer cracks are tested by the double frequency CCFT system. Results show that both inner and outer cracks can be identified, distinguished and evaluated by the double frequency CCFT method in a one pass scan.
Novel Phase Reversal Feature for Inspection of Cracks Using Multi-frequency Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique
Authors: Yuan Xin’an , Li Wei , Zhao Jianming , Yin Xiaokang , Li Xiao , Zhao Jianchao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAluminum and its alloys have been widely used in aerospace and other industrial fields. Aluminum and its alloy structures are prone to surface and subsurface cracks when they are used in harsh environments. In this paper, a novel phase reversal feature is found to classify and evaluate cracks using the multi-frequency alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technique. The theoretical model of the phase reversal feature is developed. The distorted electromagnetic field and response signals of surface and subsurface cracks are analyzed by the finite element method. The multi-frequency ACFM testing system is set up. The experiments are carried out to test surface and subsurface cracks. The results show that the response signals of the surface and subsurface cracks have distinct characteristic due to the phase reversal feature using the multi-frequency ACFM technique. The surface and subsurface cracks can be classified by the amplitude reversal phenomenon of the Bz signal caused by the novel phase reversal feature. The buried depth of the subsurface crack can be evaluated accurately by the reversal frequency component.
Iyer-Wald ambiguities and gauge covariance of Entropy current in Higher derivative theories of gravity
Authors: Kar Alokananda , Dhivakar Prateksh , Roy Shuvayu , Panda Binata , Shaikh Anowar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In [1, 2] [arXiv:2105.06455, arXiv:2206.04538], the authors have been able to argue for an ultra-local version of the second law of black hole mechanics, for arbitrary diffeomorphism invariant theories of gravity non-minimally coupled to matter fields, by constructing an entropy current on the dynamical horizon with manifestly positive divergence. This has been achieved by working in the horizon-adapted coordinate system. In this work, we show that the local entropy production through the divergence of the entropy current is covariant under affine reparametrizations that leave the gauge of horizon-adapted coordinates invariant. We explicitly derive a formula for how the entropy current transforms under such coordinate transformations. This extends the analysis of [3] [arXiv:2204.08447] for arbitrary diffeomorphism invariant theories of gravity non-minimally coupled to matter fields. We also study the Iyer-Wald ambiguities of the covariant phase formalism that generically plague the components of the entropy current.
Steady electric currents in magnetized QCD and their use for the equation of state
Authors: Brandt B. B. , Endrődi G. , Markó G. , Valois A. D. M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper we study the emergence of steady electric currents in QCD as a response to a non-uniform magnetic background using lattice simulations with 2 + 1 quark flavors at the physical point, as well as leading-order chiral perturbation theory. Using these currents, we develop a novel method to determine the leading-order coefficient of the equation of state in a magnetic field expansion: the magnetic susceptibility of the QCD medium. We decompose the current expectation value into valence- and sea-quark contributions and demonstrate that the dominant contribution to the electric current is captured by the valence term alone, allowing for a comparably cheap determination of the susceptibility. Our continuum extrapolated lattice results for the equation of state confirm the findings of some of the existing studies in the literature, namely that the QCD medium behaves diamagnetically at low and paramagnetically at high temperatures.
Impact of CYP2D6*2, CYP2D6*35, rs5758550, and related haplotypes on risperidone clearance in vivo
Authors: Størset Elisabet , Bråten Line Skute , Ingelman-Sundberg Magnus , Johansson Inger , Molden Espen , Kringen Marianne Kristiansen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The CYP2D6 gene exhibits significant polymorphism, contributing to variability in responses to drugs metabolized by CYP2D6. While CYP2D6*2 and CYP2D6*35 are presently designated as alleles encoding normal metabolism, this classification is based on moderate level evidence. Additionally, the role of the formerly called “enhancer” single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs5758550 is unclear. In this study, the impacts of CYP2D6*2, CYP2D6*35 and rs5758550 on CYP2D6 activity were investigated using risperidone clearance as CYP2D6 activity marker.

Methods
A joint parent-metabolite population pharmacokinetic model was used to describe 1,565 serum concentration measurements of risperidone and 9-hydroxyrisperidone in 512 subjects. Risperidone population clearance was modeled as the sum of a CYP2D6-independent clearance term and the partial clearances contributed from each individually expressed CYP2D6 allele or haplotype. In addition to the well-characterized CYP2D6 alleles (*3-*6, *9, *10 and *41), *2, *35 and two haplotypes assigned as CYP2D6*2-rs5758550G and CYP2D6*2-rs5758550A were evaluated.

Results
Each evaluated CYP2D6 allele was associated with significantly lower risperidone clearance than the reference normal function allele CYP2D6*1 (p < 0.001). Further, rs5758550 differentiated the effect of CYP2D6*2 (p = 0.005). The haplotype-specific clearances for CYP2D6*2-rs5758550A, CYP2D6*2-rs5758550G and CYP2D6*35 were estimated to 30%, 66% and 57%, respectively, relative to the clearance for CYP2D6*1. Notably, rs5758550 is in high linkage disequilibrium (R2 > 0.85) with at least 24 other SNPs and cannot be assigned as a functional SNP.

Conclusion
CYP2D6*2 and CYP2D6*35 encode reduced risperidone clearance, and the extent of reduction for CYP2D6*2 is differentiated by rs5758550. Genotyping of these haplotypes might improve the precision of genotype-guided prediction of CYP2D6-mediated clearance.
The evaluation of kidney function estimation during lifestyle intervention in children with overweight and obesity
Authors: van Dam Mark J. C. M. , Pottel Hans , Delanaye Pierre , Vreugdenhil Anita C. E. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Children with overweight and obesity are at risk for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). During lifestyle adjustment, the first step in the treatment of childhood obesity, body proportions are likely to change. The aim of this study was to examine how lifestyle intervention affects creatinine-based kidney function estimation in children with overweight and obesity.

Methods
This longitudinal lifestyle intervention study included 614 children with overweight and obesity (mean age 12.17 ± 3.28 years, 53.6% female, mean BMI z-score 3.32 ± 0.75). Loss to follow-up was present: 305, 146, 70, 26, and 10 children were included after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 (about yearly) follow-up visits, respectively. Serum creatinine (SCr) was rescaled using Q-age and Q-height polynomials.

Results
At baseline, 95–97% of the children had a SCr/Q-height and SCr/Q-age in the normal reference range [0.67–1.33]. SCr/Q significantly increased each (about yearly) follow-up visit, and linear mixed regression analyses demonstrated slopes between 0.01 and 0.04 (corresponding with eGFR FAS reduction of 1.1–4.1 mL/min/1.73 m2) per visit. BMI z-score reduced in both sexes and this reduction was significantly higher in males. No correlation between change in rescaled SCr and BMI z-score reduction could be demonstrated.

Conclusions
Rescaled serum creatinine (SCr/Q) slightly increases during multidiscipline lifestyle intervention in this cohort of children with overweight and obesity. This effect seems to be independent from change in BMI z-score. Whether this minor decrease in estimated kidney function has clinical consequences in the long term remains to be seen in trials with a longer follow-up period.

Clinical Trial registration
ClinicalTrial.gov; Registration Number: NCT02091544.

Graphical abstract
Outcomes of Patients Living with HIV Hospitalized due to COVID-19: A 3-Year Nationwide Study (2020–2022)
Authors: Garcia-Carretero Rafael , Vazquez-Gomez Oscar , Rodriguez-Maya Belen , Gil-Prieto Ruth , Gil-de-Miguel Angel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractScientific reports on the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in patients with COVID-19 and mortality have not been in agreement. In this nationwide study, we described and analyzed the demographic and clinical characteristics of people living with HIV (PLWH) and established that HIV infection is a risk factor for mortality in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. We collected data from the National Hospital Data Information System at Hospitalization between 2020 and 2022. We included patients admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of COVID-19. We established a cohort of patients with PLWH and compared them to patients without HIV (non-PLWH). For multivariate analyses, we performed binary logistic regression, using mortality as the dependent variable. To improve the interpretability of the results we also applied penalized regression and random forest, two well-known machine-learning algorithms. A broad range of comorbidities, as well as sex and age data, were included in the final model as adjusted estimators. Our data of 1,188,160 patients included 6,973 PLWH. The estimated hospitalization rate in this set was between 1.43% and 1.70%, while the rate among the general population was 0.83%. Among patients with COVID-19, HIV infection was a risk factor for mortality with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.25 (95% CI, 1.14–1.37, p < 0.001). PLWH are more likely to be hospitalized due to COVID-19 than are non-PLWH. PLWH are 25% more likely to die due to COVID-19 than non-PLWH. Our results highlight that PLWH should be considered a population at risk for both hospitalization and mortality.