bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of material property variability on the mechanical behaviour of carotid atherosclerotic plaques: A 3D fluid‐structure interaction analysis
Authors: Yuan Jianmin , Teng Zhongzhao , Feng Jiaxuan , Zhang Yongxue , Brown Adam J. , Gillard Jonathan H. , Jing Zaiping , Lu Qingsheng 
Published: May 2015

SummaryMechanical analysis has been shown to be complementary to luminal stenosis in assessing atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability. However, patient‐specific material properties are not available and the effect of material properties variability has not been fully quantified. Media and fibrous cap (FC) strips from carotid endarterectomy samples were classified into hard, intermediate and soft according to their incremental Young's modulus. Lipid and intraplaque haemorrhage/thrombus strips were classified as hard and soft. Idealised geometry‐based 3D fluid‐structure interaction analyses were performed to assess the impact of material property variability in predicting maximum principal stress (Stress‐P1) and stretch (Stretch‐P1). When FC was thick (1000 or 600 µm), Stress‐P1 at the shoulder was insensitive to changes in material stiffness, whereas Stress‐P1 at mid FC changed significantly. When FC was thin (200 or 65 µm), high stress concentrations shifted from the shoulder region to mid FC, and Stress‐P1 became increasingly sensitive to changes in material properties, in particular at mid FC. Regardless of FC thickness, Stretch‐P1 at these locations was sensitive to changes in material properties. Variability in tissue material properties influences both the location and overall stress/stretch value. This variability needs to be accounted for when interpreting the results of mechanical modelling. © 2015 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
An opportunistic relaying‐based incremental hybrid DAF cooperative system
Authors: Bai Zhiquan , Dong Peihao , Gao Shen 
Published: May 2015

SummaryIn this paper, an opportunistic relaying‐based incremental hybrid decode‐amplify‐forward (OR‐IHDAF) scheme that combines robust protocol switch with efficient relay selection is proposed in multi‐relay scenario to cope with the complex and variable channel environments. The proposed OR‐IHDAF scheme can improve the system performance significantly compared with the incremental hybrid decode‐amplify‐forward protocol with the increase of the possible candidate relay nodes and opportunistic relay selection. The analytical expression of the system outage probability of the OR‐IHDAF scheme is presented based on the probability density function and cumulative distribution function, which might be useful to avoid lengthy simulations. Numerical results show the correctness of our theoretical analysis and the performance improvement of the OR‐IHDAF scheme compared with the other current hybrid cooperative protocols and OR‐based cooperative schemes. The effects of the power allocation schemes on the outage probability are also provided. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circulating Lipocalin 2 Levels Predict Fracture-Related Hospitalizations in Elderly Women: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Lim Wai H , Wong Germaine , Lim Ee M , Byrnes Elizabeth , Zhu Kun , Devine Amanda , Pavlos Nathan J , Prince Richard L , Lewis Joshua R 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Lipocalin 2 (LCN2) or neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin (NGAL) is expressed in a wide range of cells and pathological states. Mounting evidence suggests lipocalin 2 may be an important regulator of bone homeostasis. Recently it has been suggested LCN2 is a novel mechanoresponsive gene central to the pathological response to low mechanical force. We undertook a prospective study of 1009 elderly women over 70 years of age to study the association between circulating LCN2 and potential associated variables, including estimated glomerular filtration rate, physical activity, and baseline measures of hip bone density and heel bone quality. Osteoporotic fractures requiring hospitalizations were identified from the Western Australian Data Linkage System. Over 14.5 years, 272 (27%) of women sustained an osteoporotic fracture-related hospitalization; of these, 101 were hip fractures. Circulating LCN2 levels were correlated with body mass index and estimated glomerular filtration rate (r = 0.249, p &lt; 0.001 and r = –0.481, p &lt; 0.001, respectively) that modified the association with hip and heel bone measures. Per standard deviation increase in LCN2, there was a 30% multivariable-adjusted increase in the risk of any osteoporotic fracture (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.50, p &lt; 0.001). In participants with elevated LCN2 levels above the median (76.6 ng/mL), there was an 80% to 81% increase in the risk of any osteoporotic or hip fracture (HR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.38–2.36, p &lt; 0.001 and HR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.16–2.78, p = 0.008, respectively). These associations remained significant after adjustment for total hip bone mineral density (p &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that circulating LCN2 levels predict future risk of osteoporotic fractures requiring hospitalization. Measurement of LCN2 levels may improve fracture prediction in addition to current fracture risk factors in the elderly, particularly in those with impaired renal function. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Violations of the Hückel (4n + 2) Rule
Authors: Gutman Ivan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn polycyclic conjugated hydrocarbons the Hückel (4n + 2)‐rule may be violated, so that certain (4n + 2)‐membcred rings cause thermodynamic destabilization. The structural conditions for the occurrence of such an effect are analyze d. Eight examples (of which seven are new) of non‐b enzenoid hydrocarbons are put forward, in which the Hückel rule is disobeyed.
Preparation and Release Behavior of Ethylcellulose Microcapsules Containing Theophylline Dispersed in Cellulose Triacetate Matrices
Authors: Wu Jen‐Chin , Jean Wen‐Jiunn , Chen Hui 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUsing ethylcellulose and cellulose triacetate as co‐wall materials, sustained release microcapsules of theophylline were prepared. The solid drug dispersed in the cellulose triacetate matrices was first prepared by solvent evaporation; then the matrices were microencapsulated by means of coacervation‐phase separation of ethylcellulose from toluene solution on addition of petroleum ether.The shapes and surface characteristics of theophylline, matrices and microcapsules were examined with a scanning‐electron microscope. The release of theophylline from various particles into distilled water was studied. The microcapsules had good characteristics of sustained release. The period for theophylline to dissolve from ethylcellulose microcapsules containing cellulose triacetate matrices was larger than those from only ethylcellulose microcapsules with a similar ratio of core to wall. The half‐time increased with increasing content of cellulose triacetate. The release pattern which was analogous to that from only ethylcellulose microcapsules obeyed a first‐order equation.
Determination of Anionic Surfactant in Fresh Water and in Sea Water
Authors: Ho Wu‐Hsiung , Lin Bi‐Jen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIon pairs formed from suitable cationic dye and anionic surfactant in water were separated by solvent extraction. The extracts were used subsequently for spectrophotometric determinations. The extraction of ion pairs with various combinations is described. Of the dyes and solvents examined, ethyl violet and p‐xylene are the most useful combination as the cationic dye and extraction solvent. The extracts are determined spectrophotometrically at 611.5 nm; the molar absorptivity is 1, 01 × 105 M−1 cm−1. The detection limit is 1.4 ppb in water. The method is simple, rapid and sensitive. It can also be applied to the determination of anionic surfactants in sea water.
Reactivity of the 1,2‐Diphenytethyl Radical in a Solvent Cage
Authors: Lin Chiou‐Rong , Lin Yuan‐Chuan , Ho Tong‐Ing 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe 1,2‐diphcnylethyl radical and derivatives were generated from photolysis of tran‐f‐stilbene and its derivatives 1–13 with secondary amines as quenchers. The 1,2‐diphenylelhyl radicals that escaped from the solvent cage were trapped by 2‐methyl‐2‐nitrosopropane (MNP) and were detected by the HPLCEPR method. The yield of the spin adduct is greater for tertiary amines. The smaller yields of the spin adduct formed from secondary amines are ascribed to greater reactivities of the 1,2‐diphenylethyl and dialkylamino radicals within the solvent cage.
Comparison between ab Initio and Modified INDO‐MO Calculations of N20
Authors: Chen Cheng , Sun Kung‐Chung , Lu Li‐Hwa 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBoth STO‐3G ab initio and s‐p separation‐type‐modified INDO semiempirical methods were applied to molecular‐orbital calculation of the N20 molecule. From these two methods, the optimized bond distances between the nearest N atoms (dn‐n) and the most calculated thermodynamic data are close to each other. The positive values of ΔHa° and ΔGa° for the atomization reaction in this work prove that N20 is stable. In contrast to conventional INDO and MINDO/3, but similar to former AMI and MNDO calculations, both ΔHr° and ΔGr° are positive in the formation reaction, which indicates that N20 belongs to the category of high‐energy molecules.
An Alternative Method to Prepare Nitrile Oxides from Primary Nitro Compounds by Using Thionyl Chloride and Triethylamine
Authors: Chen Yao‐Jung , Li Che‐Nan 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe dehydration of PhCH2NO2 (1a), PhCOCH2NO2 (1b), and MeOOCCH2NO2 (1c) with SOCl2 in the presence of Et3N gave three corresponding nitrile oxides. Each nitrile oxide was trapped by various dipolarophiles to obtain the cycloadducts of 2‐isoxazolines.
Catalytic Conversion of 1,2,3‐Trimethylbenzene Over HY Zeolite
Authors: Ko An‐Nan , Kuo Ching Tung 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe reaction of 1,2,3‐trimethylbenzene (1,2,3‐TMB) over HY zeolite was investigated in a fixed‐bed flow reactor at 200‐300 °C under atmospheric pressure. The reaction products include toluene, pentamethylbenzene and isomers of xylene, 1,2,3‐TMB and tetramethylbenzene. Based on the time‐on‐stream theory, the types and initial selectivities of these products were determined from plots of product selectivity. 1,2,4‐TMB is initially produced from 1,2,3‐TMB via isomerization whereas o‐xylene, m‐xylene, 1,2,3,4‐ and 1,2,3,5‐tetramethylbenzene were primarily formed by disproportionation of 1,2,3‐TMB. Isomerization and disproportionation obeyed first‐ and second‐order kinetics, respectively; both reactions proceeded via a carbonium ion mechanism with the former occurring by methyl transfer on the benzene ring whereas the latter proceeded through the diphenylmethane transition state. The activation energies are 31.6 and 37.2 kJ mol−1 for isomerizaion and disproportionation, respectively.
Direct Determination of Total Chromium in Sea Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Multiple Injections
Authors: Hsieh Ling‐Ling , Hung Ying‐Ying , Lan Chi‐Ren 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe method of multiple injections coupled with graphite furnace and atomic absorption spectrometry is applied to direct determination of total chromium at extremely small concentrations in samples of open sea water. The method involves the in situ preconcentration of trace chromium in sea water onto a pyrocoated graphite tube by multiple injections (up to 4 × 90 μL) prior to analysis. The selected ashing temperature is up to 1800 °C, and the background signal caused by high sea‐salt contents will be markedly reduced when the ashing time is prolonged up to 200 s. A CASS‐2 reference sea water has been used as a quality control sample in the analyses of samples of open sea water samples; the results were found to agree with the certified value. Due to the use of a relatively large volume (up to 0.36 mL) of sample for direct determination of trace chromium in sea water, the detection limit for chromium is 0.057 ppb.
Thermodynamics of Complexation Reactions of Lithium Ion with Dibenzo‐14‐Crown‐4 and Its Analogs in Nonaqueous Solvents
Authors: Chen Chi‐Sung , Tsai Zei‐Tsan , Wang Shien‐Jun , Chung Chung‐Sun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFormation constants of Li+ complexes with 4‐substituted dibenzo‐14‐crown‐4 (DB14C4; 4‐substituted group: methyl‐, tert‐butyl‐, H‐, bromo‐, chloro‐, formyl‐, nitro‐) ligands were determined by 7Li NMR spectrometry for solutions in nitromethane (NM), acetonitrile (ACN), propylene carbonate (PC), acetone (AC), Pyridine (Py), tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and N,N′‐dimethyl formamide (DMF). Only a 1:1 complex was formed in solvents with a small or medium donor number. The formation constants of these complexes are strongly influenced by the size of the metal ion – the effect of the size of the cavity, by the solvent and by substituent. The stability of lithium ion with different substituents on DB14C4 decreases in the order methyl‐ > tert‐butyl‐ > H‐ > bromo‐ > chloro‐ > formyl‐ > nitro‐ in various solvents. A good Hammett correlation was found by plotting log Kf vs. ∑σ in PC and AC. The extent of the substituent effect increases as the donor number of solvent decreases. The complexes were both enthalpy and entropy stabilized. The same magnitude of ΔS° value for different substituents indicates formation with a similar configuration upon complexation between crown ether and lithium ion. A slight variation in entropy contribution was observable depending on the nature of the alkyl substituent, whereas a large variation in enthalpic contribution shows a remarkable substituent effect upon complexation; the effect can reach 70% in magnitude.
Synthesis and in Vitro Evaluation of N‐[[4‐[2‐(Carboxyl)‐1‐Cycloalken‐1‐yl]Phenyl]Methyl]Imidazoles as Nonpeptide Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Lin Ho‐Shen , Rampersaud Ashraff A. , Zimmerman Karen , Steinberg Mitchell I. , Boyd Donald B. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA series of nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists was synthesized via palladium‐assisted cross coupling of aryl stannane and cycloalkenyl triflates and subsequent alkylation of silyl‐protected imidazole. Our compounds, which have a terminal five‐ to seven‐membered cycloalkenyl ring, are compared to DuPont EXP7711, an N‐[(2′‐carboxybiphenylyl)methyl]imidazole, which has a terminal phenyl moiety. Physicochemical properties of the compounds, such as lipophilicity, steric bulk, conformation, and the relative spatial proximity of the 2‐carboxyl and the middle phenyl, are quantitated by computational chemistry. Potency in terms of binding affinity to AT1 receptors in rat adrenal glomerulosa and rabbit aorta is maximized when the terminal ring is aromatic.
Acyl Pyrroles from the Thermal Rearrangement of Bicyclo[2.2.2]Oct‐5‐Ene‐2‐Carbaldoxime Ethers
Authors: Wu Pei‐Lin , Wu Chiou‐Huey 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn the flash vacuum thermolysis of bicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐5‐ene‐2‐carbaldoxime derivatives, the methyl ether of the parent compound loses methanol to provide the corresponding nitrile. Derivatives carrying a methoxy group at C‐1 appear to undergo the 1‐aza‐Cope rearrangement, followed by loss of some small molecules to yield acyl pyrroles.
Synthesis of Germanium Oligomer from Germanium Dioxide
Authors: Yang Kao‐Chu , Wang Mei‐Huey , Chiang Hung‐Cheh 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSeveral crystalline germanium oligomers GenO2n+1· L2·xH2O (L = amino acid or amine) have been prepared and characterized by IR and NMR spectra, EA (elemental analysis), TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) and ICP‐AES (inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectroscopy). Oligomers of this type are based on chains of germanium‐oxygen single and double bonds and synthesized in aqueous solution from germanium dioxide and basic ligands having an amino group. Two basic amino acids and mono‐, and bidentate amines chosen as ligands to react with germanium dioxide gave L‐lysine germanate (1a, 1b, 1c), L‐arginine germanate (2a, 2b, 2c), Cyclohexylammonium hexagermanate (3), N‐methylcyclohexylammonium hexagermanate (4), N,N‐dimethylcyclohexylammonium hexagermanate (5), 2‐aminoethylammonium trigermanate (6), 2‐N′‐methylammo)‐N‐methylethylammonium pentagermanate (7), 2‐(N′N′‐dimethylamino)‐N′N‐dimethylethylammonium heptagermanate (8).
A Tri‐Coordinate‐Magnesium Silylamide Complex: {[(CH3)3Si]2N}2MgO(CH2CH2)2OMg{N[Si(CH3)3]2}2
Authors: Her Tzong‐Yih , Chang Chung‐Cheng , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Feng Shie‐Ming , Wang Yu 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe reaction of diethylmagnesium dioxane adduct solution with 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexamethyldisilazan ((CH3)3SiNHSi(CH3)3) gives {[(CH3)3Si]2N}2MgO(CH2CH2)2OMg{N[Si(CH3)3]2}2 (1); this alkoxomagnesium silylamide in the solid state contains unprecedented three‐coordinate magnesium and oxygen atoms.
The Reaction of 4‐Formylsydnone and Methyl Ketones
Authors: Hung Wei‐Jing , Tien Hsien‐Ju , Chou Tzoo‐Ming , Tien Ling‐Ling , Wu Cheng‐Kwei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn the presence of base, 3‐subslituted 4‐fonnyl‐ and 4‐acetylsydnones decarbonylated to afford the corresponding 3‐substituted sydnones. The Claisen‐Schmidt reaction occurred between 3‐substituted 4‐for‐mylsydnones and methyl ketone (such as 4‐acetylsydnones, acetone and acetophenone) in dilute basic solution or electrogenerated basic (EGB) solution.
Synthesis of [1,5‐A]Pyrimidinone Ring Derivatives
Authors: Rashed N. , Mousaad A. , Saleh A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCyclodehydrogenation of the benzalhydrazino derivatives 5 and 6 gave 6‐cyano‐7‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐ 2‐phenyl‐5‐oxo‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine (8) and 6‐cyano‐7‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4‐methyl‐2‐phenyl‐ 5‐oxo‐1,2,4‐triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine (9) respectively. Melhylation, acetylation and benzylation of 8 gave the corresponding N‐methyl, acetyl and benzyl derivatives 10‐12. Methylation of 5 with dimethylsulfate gave 2‐benzalhydrazino‐5‐cyano‐3‐methyl‐6‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐4‐one (6), of which the reaction with acetic anhydride in pyridine afforded the N‐acetylbenzalhydrazino derivative 15. The latter was also prepared from acetylation of 5 followed by medthylation with iodomethane. Acetylation of 5 with boiling acetic anhydride afforded the diacetyl derivative 16, whereas its benzylation gave the mono‐N‐benzyl derivative 14.
Lifetimes and Quenching of the Ā 2A′(υ3′ = 0 – 2) → X̄ 2A″ Fluorescence of HSO
Authors: Hung Wen‐Ching , Lee Yuan‐Pern 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFluorescence lifetimes of vibrational levels of the first electronically excited state (Ā 2 A′) of HSO, determined by the technique of discharge flow and laser‐induced fluorescence, are 81 ± 10, 74 ± 8, and 76 ± 14 μs for υ3′ = 0, 1 and 2, respectively. The rate coefficients of quenching of each level by He, N2, O2 and O3 were measured; the coefficients for HSO (Ā, υ3′ = 0 – 2) quenched by O3 arc 35–50 times as great as those of HSO by He.
Temporal Response of SERS to the Potential for 4‐Cyanopyridine Adsorbed on Ag Electrode
Authors: Chang Hua , Lee Long Jeng , Sheu Ung Hua 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTime‐resolved surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was applied to study the response of Raman bands from 4‐cyanopyridine (PyCN) adsorbed on a Ag electrode to variation of the potential; the temporal resolution was 0.1 s. The response of the SERS signals of PyCN was instantaneous to the oxidation potential of Ag electrode. However, delay of the SERS signals was observed while AgCl was reducing. The decay and growth of the SERS bands look place within 1 s in the cases of desorption and adsorption of PyCN on the electrode. It took much longer for PyCN to alter from one adsorption geometry to another on the electrode.
Oxidative Addition vs. Ligand‐Exchange: Fe(II)‐Mixed‐Phenylchalcogenolate Complexes fac‐[PPN][Fe(CO)3(TePh)n(SePh)3‐N] (n = 1, 2)
Authors: Liaw Wen‐Feng , Lai Chia‐Huei , Chiang Ming‐Hsi , Hsieh Cheng‐Kang , Lee Gcne‐Hsiang , Peng Shie‐Ming 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDiphenyldichalcogenides (PhE)2 (E = Te, Se) react with Fe(0)‐phenylchalcogenolate [PPN] [PhEFe(CO)4] to yield the products of oxidative addition, Fe(II)‐mixed‐phenylchalcogenolate fac‐ [PPN][Fe(CO)3(TePh)n(ScPh)3‐n] (n = 1, 2). Reactions of [PPN][REFe(CO)4] (E=Se, R=Me; E=S, R=Et) and diphenyldichalcogenides yielded ligand‐exchange products [PPN][PhEFe(CO)4] (E=Te, Se, S). The compounds [Fe(CO)3(TePh)(ScPh)2]− (l) and [Fe(CO)3(TePh)2 (2) crystallize in the isomorphous monoclinic space group C2/e, with a = 32.035(8), b = 11.708(6), c = 28.909(6) Å, Z = 8, R = 0.048, and Rw = 0.044 (1); with a = 32.089(5), b= 11.745(2), c = 28.990(8) Å, Z = 8, R = 0.048, and Rw = 0.048 (2). The complexes 1 and 2 crystallize as discrete cations of PPN+ and anions of [Fe(CO)3(TcPh)u(ScPh)3‐n] (n=1, 2), and one half solvent molecule THF. The geometry around Fe(II) is a distorted octahedron with three carbonyl groups and three phenylchalcogenolate ligands occupying facial positions.
Conformation of the Dimethyl Maleate Ligands in a Molybdenum(0) Complex. Crystal Structure of d6trans‐Bis(Dimethyl Maleate)‐Dicarbonyl‐O‐Phenylenediaminemolybdenum(O)
Authors: Lai Chen‐Hsing , Cheng Chicn‐Hong , Cheng Ming‐Chu , Pcng Shie‐Ming 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe solid‐state structure of Mo(CO)2(DMMA)2(PDA) (DMMA = dimethyl maleate, PDA = o‐phenylenediamine) was determined by X‐ray diffraction of single crystal. The complex crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P6122 with a = 11.085(5), b = 11.085(5), c = 33.653(21) Å, γ = 120°, and Z = 6. The geometry of this bis(DMMA) complex is distorted octahedral with the two CO groups cis to each other and trans to the PDA ligand and the two DMMA ligands trans to each other and cis to the two CO ligands. The orientations of the two trans DMMA ligands are mutually perpendicular and each DMMA ligand eclipses an N‐Mo‐CO vector. The carbon‐carbon double bond of DMMA is bonded to molybdenum unsymmetrically with the olefin carbon adjacent to a coordinated amino group closer to the metal than that adjacent to a carbonyl group. The conformation of each DMMA is that the two ester groups attached to DMMA lie in the regions described by N‐Mo‐C and N‐Mo‐N. Bond‐distance calculations indicate that each keto oxygen of the ester groups in the region described by N‐Mo‐C forms a hydrogen bond with an amino hydrogen on the PDA ligand; this hydrogen bonding is responsible for the observed conformation of the complex. The conformalion of this complex in the solid‐state is in agreement with the results in solution predicted according to 1H NMR spectral data.
Preparation of Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Phosphine Complexes Promoted by Phase‐Transfer Catalysts
Authors: Lin Ivan J. B. , Liaw Miles D. S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of M(PR3)2Cl2 (M = Pd and Pt, R = alkyl or aryl) front K2MCl4 (in H2O) and PR3 (in CH2Cl2) was promoted by the addition of phase‐transfer catalysts (PTC). The greater the amount of PTC used, the more quickly the reaction completed. 31P NMR spectra of some M(PR3)2Cl2 in the presence of free PR3 were measured; these NMR resulls were used to explain problems encountered during the preparations.
Facile Peptide‐Bond Formation Using Polystyrene‐Bound o‐Nitrophenol as an Active Ester
Authors: Duh Shui‐Chyr , Hsieh Hsiao‐Zeng , Chen Shui‐Tein , Wang Kung‐Tsung 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUsing a polystyrene‐bound o‐nitrophenol as the active ester, peptide bond was formed in very high yield (>90%) and optical purity. Peptide fragments with a free C ‐terminal were synthesized in moderate yields (70‐85%) by using an amino acid nucleophile, of which the C‐terminal being protected as a salt of phasetransfer reagent.
Enantioselective Hydrolysis of 2‐Aryloxypropionyl Derivatives by Penicillin V Amidase
Authors: Chen Shui‐Tein , Chang Chun‐Min , Lin Shu‐Ling , Wang Kung‐Tsung 
Published: May 2015

AbstractSelective hydrolysis of 2‐aryloxypropionyl derivatives 1a‐1e and 2‐phenyloxybutyrate 1f catalyzed by an immobilized penicillin V amidase, Semacylase, was found to show moderately to low enantiomeric excess.