bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive factors of incidental prostate cancer in patients undergoing surgery for presumed benign prostatic hyperplasia: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Yang , Li Xiancheng , Yang Hua , Yin Chaoshan , Wu Yameng , Chen Xiaoke 
Published: February 2025

PurposeWe aimed to identify the clinical predictors of incidental prostate cancer (IPCa) after surgery for presumed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).MethodsThe literature was comprehensively searched using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases in December 2024. We used pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and odds ratio (OR) to describe the correlation between relevant risk factors and IPCa.ResultsTwenty-one studies included 10,842 patients that were available for further analysis. After BPH surgery, 957 patients were histopathologically diagnosed with IPCa. The IPCa rate was 8.83%. Most importantly, our results identified that IPCa was significantly associated with age (pooled SMD = 0.36, P &lt; 0.001), body mass index (BMI) (pooled SMD = 0.23, P &lt; 0.001), preoperative prostate-specific antigen (pre-PSA) (pooled SMD = 0.43, P &lt; 0.001), preoperative prostate-specific antigen density (pre-PSAD) (pooled SMD = 0.62, P = 0.028), resected prostate weight (pooled SMD = -0.22, P &lt; 0.001), preoperative treatment with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5αRIs) (yes/no) (pooled OR = 0.60, P &lt; 0.001), family history (yes/no) (pooled OR = 3.81, P = 0.029), digital rectal examination (DRE) findings (abnormal/normal) (pooled OR = 5.15, P &lt; 0.001), and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) findings (abnormal/normal) (pooled OR = 2.92, P &lt; 0.001). Additionally, sensitivity and subgroup analyses indicated that our findings were reliable and robust. However, we found no significant associations between IPCa and prostate volume, preoperative negative prostate biopsy, smoking history, history of hypertension, history of diabetes, history of dyslipidemia, and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings (all P &gt; 0.05).ConclusionsAge, BMI, pre-PSA, pre-PSAD, resected prostate weight, preoperative treatment with 5αRIs, family history, abnormal DRE findings, and abnormal TRUS findings are independent factors predicting IPCa following BPH surgery. Before BPH surgery, factors such as age, BMI, pre-PSA, and pre-PSAD should be considered to assess the risk of IPCa. For high-risk patients, more detailed imaging and needle biopsy are recommended before surgery to avoid missed diagnosis. In the future, more large-scale and well-designed studies are needed to validate our results further.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42025631346.
Risk factor analysis of plastic bronchitis among 126 children with macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with mutations at the A2063G site after bronchoscopy examination: a nomogram prediction model
Authors: Ma Ran , Bai Ting , Yuan Bo , Zhang Li , Li Shanshan , Ma Lanhua , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo determine the risk factors for plastic bronchitis (PB) in children diagnosed with macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MRMP) pneumonia associated with the A2064G variant.MethodsThe clinical data of 126 children diagnosed with MRMP pneumonia (all with mutations at the A2063G site) who underwent bronchoscopy from May 2023 to April 2024 were retrospectively collected. Based on bronchoscopic findings, patients were classified into the PB and non-PB groups. The study compared the general and clinical features, laboratory indicators, imaging features, bronchoscopic manifestations, treatment, and prognosis between the two groups. A nomogram model, based on logistic regression, was developed to estimate the risks of developing PB in children with MRMP pneumonia caused by mutations at the A2063G site.ResultsWe included 68 boys and 58 girls in this study, with 32 (25.4%) belonging to the PB group. The nomogram model constructed in this study indicated that three risk factors—Atelectasis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae genome copies (throat swab) &gt;105, and D-dimer levels—could be used for the early identification of MRMP pneumonia-induced PB. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the predictive model was 0.832 (95% confidence interval: 0.743–0.922). The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test demonstrated good calibration of the nomogram (P = 0.227, R2 = 0.403). Decision curve analyses revealed that the model has clinical value. Regarding treatment, second-line drugs and the frequency of bronchoscopy were significantly higher in the PB group than in the non-PB group.ConclusionsEarly risk factor identification and bronchoscopy can improve the outcomes of children with PB associated with MRMP pneumonia caused by mutations at the A2063G site.
Re-challenging pralsetinib following recovery from pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a lung cancer patient: a Case Report
Authors: Zhao Zhe , Pang Longbin , Liu Surui , Liu Jie 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundPneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), an opportunistic infection, is commonly observed in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with cancer, and is known for its significant morbidity and mortality rates. Pralsetinib is a highly specific inhibitor that targets advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) characterized by RET-fusion positivity. The incidence of PJP infection in patients receiving pralsetinib was found to be infrequent. However, there is currently a lack of consensus regarding the rechallenge of pralsetinib in patients who have fully recovered from PJP.Case presentationIn this case study, a 60-year-old patient diagnosed with stage IV lung adenocarcinoma and carrying a KIF5B-RET fusion gene underwent pralsetinib treatment as the fourth-line therapy. Subsequently, the patient developed a fever and dyspnea 2.5 months later. However, the patient did not exhibit a positive response to the empirical antibiotic therapy administered. The computed tomography findings indicated widespread ground-glass opacities with numerous cystic lesions in both lungs, along with patchy consolidations in the lower right lung. The diagnosis of PJP was conclusively confirmed through bronchoalveolar lavage. The patient’s condition was effectively treated with a combination of oral trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and intravenous caspofungin along with clindamycin. The patient fully recovered from PJP. Subsequently, he underwent a rechallenge with pralsetinib, and as of the latest follow-up, no evidence of progressive disease has been observed.ConclusionThis case report emphasizes the significance for physicians to be cognizant of the potential hazard of PJP development in cancer patients undergoing pralsetinib treatment, particularly in those who are unresponsive to empirical antibiotic therapy. Prompt identification and timely intervention are essential to achieve better outcomes in patients with pralsetinib-induced PJP. Furthermore, it highlights the scenario where patients who have fully recovered from moderate-to-severe pralsetinib-induced PJP may undergo pralsetinib re-administration without requiring alternative treatment options.
Comprehensive analysis of the mitochondrial genome of Iris domestica emphasizing multichromosomal organization and repeat-mediated homologous recombination
Authors: Ouyang Lizhi , Li Xinyu , Wang Ruili , Chen Yixuan , Wang Shuo , Wang Jianfang , Tian Yelin 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundIris domestica is a perennial herb valued for both its ornamental and medicinal properties. Despite its significance, no comprehensive analysis of its mitochondrial genome has been previously reported. Plant mitochondrial genomes are known for their large size, structural complexity, and frequent recombination events. This study aims to provide the first complete assembly and characterization of the mitochondrial genome of I. domestica, with a focus on its structure, gene content, repeat elements, and RNA editing sites.ResultsWe used GetOrganelle and Unicycler software to hybrid assemble Nanopore and Illumina data to obtain the mitochondrial genome of I. domestica. The mitochondrial genome of I. domestica consists of four contigs: contig1 (222,498 bp), contig2 (90,780 bp), contig3 (42,563 bp), and contig4 (39,247 bp). Two repeat sequences, R1 (7,784 bp) and R2 (3,519 bp), facilitate the conformation of three circular chromosomes, suggesting a complex multi-chromosomal structure. A total of 34 protein-coding genes, including 24 core genes and 10 non-core genes were identified. Analysis of tandem repeat elements revealed significant variability, with Chromosome 1 showing the highest diversity of SSRs and scattered repeats. Additionally, 20 homologous fragments were identified between the mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes, accounting for 1.10% of the mitochondrial genome. Phylogenetic analysis based on 24 conserved mitochondrial genes placed I. domestica in close relation to Iris domestica and Crocus sativus. Furthermore, 545 RNA editing sites were identified, with notable variations across genes, suggesting that RNA editing plays a significant role in regulating mitochondrial gene expression.ConclusionThe complete assembly of the I. domestica mitochondrial genome reveals a complex multichromosomal structure characterized by recombination events. The high number of RNA editing sites and the presence of transferred plastid DNA highlight the dynamic nature of the genome, contributing to its adaptability and evolution. These findings provide a genetic foundation into the plant’s medicinal properties, adaptive mechanisms, and potential for environmental resilience.
Improved RT-DETR and its application to fruit ripeness detection
Authors: Wu Mengyang , Qiu Ya , Wang Wenying , Su Xun , Cao Yuhao , Bai Yun 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionCrop maturity status recognition is a key component of automated harvesting. Traditional manual detection methods are inefficient and costly, presenting a significant challenge for the agricultural industry.MethodsTo improve crop maturity detection, we propose enhancements to the Real-Time DEtection TRansformer (RT-DETR) method. The original model's Backbone structure is refined by: HG Block Enhancement: Replacing conventional convolution with the Rep Block during feature extraction, incorporating multiple branches to improve model accuracy. Partial Convolution (PConv): Replacing traditional convolution in the Rep Block with PConv, which applies convolution to only a portion of the input channels, reducing computational redundancy. Efficient Multi-Scale Attention (EMA): Introducing EMA to ensure a uniform distribution of spatial semantic features within feature groups, improving model performance and efficiency.ResultsThe refined model significantly enhances detection accuracy. Compared to the original model, the average accuracy (mAP@0.5) improves by 2.9%, while model size is reduced by 5.5% and computational complexity decreases by 9.6%. Further experiments comparing the RT-DETR model, YOLOv8, and our improved model on plant pest detection datasets show that our model outperforms others in general scenarios.DiscussionThe experimental results validate the efficacy of the enhanced RT-DETR model in crop maturity detection. The improvements not only enhance detection accuracy but also reduce model size and computational complexity, making it a promising solution for automated crop maturity detection.
Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of university teachers and students: a scoping review
Authors: Guimarães de Araujo Faria Magda , da Silva Freitas Venâncio Christiane Gleyce , Carvalho Pacheco Fádia , Ferreira Koopmans Fabiana , Valadão Vasconcelos Alves Luciana , Maia Valente Patrícia 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo identify the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of university professors and students. Method: Scoping review following the protocol recommended by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The research question followed the order imposed by the mnemonic “PCC” (Population, Concept, and Context), namely: what are the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of university professors and students?ResultsThe analysis sample consisted of 29 texts in article format. Two main categories of health repercussions were observed, namely: category 1—repercussions on mental health; category 2—repercussions on physical health.ConclusionIt is understood that harmful effects on mental health will be an ever-present reality in the university context, since exhaustion is a characteristic of academic work itself. This situation can have serious consequences for the individual, requiring intervention projects combined with public policies that minimize these effects. It is necessary to review the role of the university in today’s society.
Investigation of the effect of a virtual reality-based imagery training model on muscle activation in athletes
Authors: Bedir Fatih , Bedir Deniz , Yılmaz Hasan Hüseyin , Ağduman Fatih , Şen İlhan , Kıyıcı Fatih , Korkmaz Onur Erdem , Yıldız Mustafa Onur , Çelik Erkan 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionIn the field of sports psychology, imagery training plays a significant role in enhancing athletes’ mental preparation and optimizing sports performance. This study aims to investigate the effects of the Virtual Reality-Based Imagery (VRBI) training model on muscle activation and kinesthetic motor imagery skills in athletes. Specifically, the study compares the VRBI model with traditional imagery methods, including Visual Motor Behavior Practice (VMBP) and Video Modeling (VM), to determine its effectiveness in improving neuromuscular responses.MethodsA quasi-experimental design with repeated measures was employed, involving 30 bodybuilders and fitness athletes who were randomly assigned to VRBI, VMBP+VM, and control groups. Muscle activation was measured using surface electromyography (sEMG) across a 12-week intervention period. The intervention protocols included progressive relaxation, video modeling, and imagery exercises tailored to enhance kinesthetic motor imagery skills.ResultsThe results revealed that the VRBI model significantly increased muscle activation levels and kinesthetic motor imagery skills compared to both the VMBP+VM and control groups (p &lt; 0.01). Notably, athletes in the VRBI group achieved peak muscle activation one week earlier than those in the VMBP+VM group, demonstrating a faster adaptation process. Additionally, VRBI training led to a more substantial improvement in imagery skills, suggesting its superiority in mental training interventions.Discussion and conclusionThe VRBI model offers a more effective approach to enhancing muscle activation and kinesthetic motor imagery skills in athletes. These findings highlight the potential of VRBI as a valuable tool for optimizing sports performance and accelerating peak performance achievement.
N-acetylcysteine reduces prefrontal reactivity to cocaine cues in individuals with cocaine use disorder
Authors: Engeli Etna J. E. , Preller Katrin H. , Rieser Nathalie M. , Klar Johanna , Staempfli Philipp , Hulka Lea M. , Kirschner Matthias , Seifritz Erich , Herdener Marcus 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundIndividuals with cocaine use disorder experience heightened motivation to pursue rewards tied to cocaine, often triggered by associated cues. Cue reactivity and subsequent craving significantly elevate the risk of substance use, creating a pressing need for treatments that can help alleviate cravings. However, no pharmaceutical therapies for treating cocaine use disorder have been approved. Preclinical findings reveal dysfunctions in the glutamatergic pathway connecting prefrontal regions with the nucleus accumbens, which are correlated with cue-induced substance-seeking behaviour. These alterations, at both molecular and behavioural levels, can be reversed in rodents with N-acetylcysteine, a modulator of glutamatergic signalling. In contrast, the therapeutic potential for humans remains uncertain.MethodsHere, we assessed the impact of a short-term challenge with N-acetylcysteine on neural responses to cocaine cues and cue-induced craving in a randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over trial using a fMRI cue reactivity paradigm. In total, 44 fMRI cue reactivity scans of 22 individuals with cocaine use disorder were recorded—once after the administration of 2,400 mg of N-acetylcysteine/day for 2 days and once after placebo intake.ResultsIn the placebo condition, participants showed increased cue reactivity towards cocaine pictures, accompanied by significantly higher cravings as compared to neutral images. In accordance with recent meta-analyses, cue reactivity was evident in parietal regions such as the posterior cingulate and precuneus, temporal regions like the hippocampus, the bilateral insula, and medial prefrontal regions, namely the inferior, middle, and superior frontal gyrus. Cue-induced activity in the superior frontal gyrus was strongly predicted by the individual duration of cocaine use. While N-acetylcysteine showed no impact on subjectively rated cocaine craving, neural cue reactivity in the superior frontal gyrus was significantly decreased under N-acetylcysteine compared to placebo.ConclusionsOur findings show that prefrontal reactivity to cocaine cues can be reduced even by a brief pharmacological challenge with N-acetylcysteine. Since neural drug cue reactivity has been shown to be a precursor of relapse behaviour, N-acetylcysteine’s therapeutic potential should be further investigated in future studies by extending treatment periods.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02626494.
The acceptability of compassion-focused therapy in clinical populations: a metasynthesis of the qualitative literature
Authors: Garrett Charlotte , Smith Debbie M. , Wittkowski Anja 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundCompassion-focused therapy (CFT) is a psychological intervention that is increasingly used in UK NHS services, either in an individual or a group format, with individuals experiencing psychological difficulties. Reviews of the quantitative evidence suggest that CFT effectively improves psychological well-being in various clinical groups. Participant experiences of group CFT in those with psychological difficulties have also been explored in several published qualitative and mixed-methods studies. Thus, the aim of this review was to further our understanding of the acceptability of group CFT, in relation to both the content of the intervention and its delivery, in order to help inform the future design and delivery of CFT in clinical services.MethodFollowing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines, eight relevant databases were searched for terms associated with CFT and qualitative research. The methodological quality of included studies was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) screening tool. Findings were synthesised using thematic synthesis.ResultsTwelve studies involving 106 participants with psychological difficulties met inclusion criteria. Five main themes were developed from the extracted data: 1) participants’ experiences prior to the intervention, 2) initial response to the idea of participation, 3) participants’ experiences of the intervention: aspects valued or considered beneficial, 4) valued outcomes of the intervention, and 5) the end of the intervention and moving forward.ConclusionsFindings indicated a high level of acceptability of group CFT and commonality of experiences across participants despite different clinical presentations. The crucial role played by facilitators and other group members to participant engagement and outcomes was highlighted, among other factors. Clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.
Perspectives of clinicians on the potential impact of social media on social and emotional wellbeing, training needs, and screening recommendations: a preliminary examination
Authors: Domoff Sarah E. , Armstrong Stacey B. , Rollings Heide , Mancuso Amy , Janney Carol A. 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionSocial media is integral to adolescents’ lives, with the separation between adolescents’ online and offline worlds harder to distinguish. Adolescent development occurs online via the opportunity to connect with others and explore themselves. Despite the potential for benefits, some adolescents with underlying mental health conditions are at risk for stressful online experiences, such as cyberbullying. The complexity of the impact of social media on adolescents necessitates an understanding of mental health providers’ perspectives on their observations of youth treated, how they support youth in navigating social media, and suggestions for clinical and research priorities to address barriers encountered in developing resilient and prosocial interactions online. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand these perspectives in stakeholders across mental health-related disciplines.MethodsIn Fall 2022 to Spring 2023, 14 participants were interviewed regarding their perspectives on social media and mental health, how they screen for harmful experiences online, and their approach to supporting youth who have experienced online stressors. We used an inductive thematic analysis to identify themes.ResultsThemes reflected clinicians’ perceptions of positive and negative impacts of social media on youth; how they communicate with youth about their experiences; preferences or recommendations for screening for harmful experiences; and barriers encountered in addressing use and impacts.DiscussionWe outline recommendations for implementing screening for social media experiences, responding to harmful online experiences, and future clinical research directions to fill gaps in training and service provision related to adolescents’ social media use.
Dynapenia is associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms among older adults
Authors: Chang Chih-Ching , Liao Yung , Chen Jiaren , Lai Ting-Fu , Hsueh Ming-Chun , Park Jong-Hwan , Chang Yen-Jung 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundDepression affects the global burden of disability among older adults. Although dynapenia is related to disability and potential psychological health outcomes, its association with depressive symptoms remains uncertain. Accordingly, the objective of the current study was to investigate this association in older Taiwanese adults, applying the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) classification of dynapenia.MethodsOur research utilized a cross-sectional design implemented from September 2020 to December 2021, enrolling older adults aged over 65 years through National Taiwan University Hospital. The participants underwent standard assessments, including handgrip dynamometry for muscle strength, bioelectrical impedance analysis for muscle mass, and a 6-meter walk test for physical performance, to confirm the classification of dynapenia. The 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) served as the tool to evaluate whether participants were at risk of potential depressive symptoms. The correlation between dynapenia and the risk of geriatric depressive symptoms was assessed through unadjusted and adjusted binary logistic regression analyses.ResultsIn total, 197 older adults (mean age was 80.5 ± 7.0 years; 52.8% female; 17.3% at risk of depressive symptoms; 55.8% with dynapenia) were included. Regardless of the different models, dynapenia remained significantly and positively related to the risk of geriatric depressive symptoms (OR [odds ratio]: 2.67; 95% CI [confidence interval]: 1.01–7.05; p = 0.048) after adjusting for potential confounders.ConclusionOur findings highlighted a significant association between dynapenia, as classified by the 2019 AWGS criteria, and a higher risk of depressive symptoms in older Taiwanese adults. Public health professionals and practitioners should screen individuals with dynapenia for depressive symptoms to facilitate the early detection of depression. Future research should investigate the complex physiological and psychological mechanisms underlying this association.