bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Asymmetric Reactions Catalyzed by Chiral Organotin‐Alkoxide Reagents
Authors: Yanagisawa Akira , Yoshida Kazuhiro 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT:Asymmetric catalysis under almost‐neutral reaction conditions is key for the efficient synthesis of optically active polar molecules. We have developed catalytic enantioselective reactions of acyclic or cyclic alkenyl esters by using an (S)‐BINOL‐derived chiral tin‐dibromide reagent that possesses a bulky aryl group at the 3 or 3′ position as the chiral pre‐catalyst in the presence of a sodium alkoxide and an alcohol, in which a chiral tin alkoxide bromide is generated in situ and recycled with the assistance of an alcohol. In this Personal Account, we describe three types of asymmetric transformation that proceed through a chiral tin enolate: 1) The asymmetric aldol reaction of alkenyl esters or unsaturated lactones with aldehydes or isatins; 2) the asymmetric three‐component Mannich‐type reaction of alkenyl esters and related cycloaddition reactions; and 3) the asymmetric N‐nitroso aldol reaction of unsaturated lactones with nitrosoarenes.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Variable‐Temperature‐Luminescent Property of the Organically Templated Pentaborate [C10N2H9][B5O6(OH)4]·H3BO3·H2O
Authors: Yang Yang , Fu DongSheng , Li GuoFa , Zhang Yun 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe organically templated pentaborate [C10N2H9][B5O6(OH)4]·H3BO3·H2O (1a) was synthesized by boric acid and 4, 4′‐bipyridine in aqueous solution and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, powder X‐ray diffraction, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic system with space group P$\bar{1}$ (a = 9.196(3) Å, b = 9.822(3) Å, c = 12.113(3) Å, α = 66.243(3)°, β = 76.998(3)°, γ = 75.067(3)°, V = 958.4(5) Å3, and Z = 2). The polyanions form a novel 3D supramolecular network with three kinds of channels by extensive hydrogen bonds. The title compound shows a UV photoluminescence with an emission maximum at 372 nm upon excitation at 248 nm, and the photoluminescence can be modified from UV to blue by means of a simple heat‐treatment process. The pentaborate could be a promising blue component for possible application in the white LED.
Phylogeographic structure of a protogynous hermaphrodite species, the ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta, in Ireland, Scotland, and Norway, using mitochondrial DNA sequence data
Authors: D'Arcy J. , Mirimin L. , FitzGerald R. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractD'Arcy, J., Mirimin, L., and FitzGerald, R. Phylogeographic structure of a protogynous hermaphrodite species, the ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta, in Ireland, Scotland, and Norway, using mitochondrial DNA sequence data. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 685–693. The ballan wrasse, Labrus bergylta, is a protogynous hermaphrodite marine fish species that inhabits coastal waters of the eastern North Atlantic. Sequential hermaphrodite species tend to be characterized by a skewed sex ratio, which is thought to lead to marked population structuring due to a reduced effective number of breeders. Furthermore, due to its large body size (compared with other wrasse species) and its peculiar feeding behaviour, this species has been identified as a candidate cleaner fish to be used in parasite control of farmed finfish. In the present study, we used mitochondrial DNA (control region) sequence data to investigate the genetic diversity and population structuring of ballan wrasse in waters around the British Isles and southern Norway. Ballan wrasse in southern Norway showed lower levels of genetic diversity than around the British Isles, which appear to be the result of historical demographic events (population bottleneck followed by expansion). Analysis of mismatch distributions and the presence of two highly divergent clades unevenly represented in Atlantic and Scandinavian regions suggest distinct recolonization patterns in these two regions. These results provide a first insight on the status of wild populations of ballan wrasse in the eastern North Atlantic, with implications for conservation and management.
Proteolysis, Texture, and Sensory Characteristics of Serrano Hams from Duroc and Large White Pigs during Dry‐Curing
Authors: del Olmo Ana , Calzada Javier , Gaya Pilar , Nuñez Manuel 
Published: February 2013

Abstract Proteolysis, texture, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of Serrano hams from Duroc and Large White pigs at 5, 7, 9, 12, and 15 m of curing (3 hams per breed per curing time) were investigated. Higher concentrations of some sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins, peptides with molecular mass in the ranges 3700 to 12000 Da, 700 to 2000 Da, and below 450 Da, and total free amino acids were recorded for Large White hams, while hydrophobic peptides were at higher levels in Duroc hams. A 40 kDa peak in the low‐ionic‐strength soluble protein fraction and 2 peaks of 40 and 45 kDa in the high‐ionic‐strength soluble protein fraction found only in Duroc hams could be of use in discriminating products from different breeds. Physicochemical and textural characteristics of both types of hams evolved similarly during curing and differences in organoleptic traits between breeds were negligible. Flavor intensity and flavor quality of hams were strongly correlated to curing time, with r2 values over 0.95 for flavor intensity and over 0.90 for flavor quality, and to the concentration of total free amino acids, with r2 values over 0.90 for both flavor intensity and flavor quality. The sensory evaluation scores of Duroc hams, at least as high as those of Large White hams, make the production of high‐quality Serrano ham from pure breed Duroc pigs feasible.Practical Application:  Duroc breed crosses are advantageous in the production of dry‐cured hams, resulting in higher marbling, enhanced flavor and lower processing losses, but the characteristics of pure breed Duroc hams have not been investigated. The similar evolution of the compositional, proteolytic, textural, and sensory characteristics of Serrano hams from Duroc and Large White pigs during dry‐curing recorded in the present work makes the production of high‐quality dry‐cured hams from pure breed Duroc pigs feasible. Three protein peaks found only in Duroc hams can be of use to discriminate products from different breeds.
Outcomes in smokers and alcohol users after fast‐track hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: JØRGENSEN C. C , KEHLET H. ,   Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Fast‐track Hip and Knee Replacement collaborative group
Published: February 2013

BackgroundSmoking and alcohol use impair post‐operative outcomes. However, no studies include fast‐track surgery, which is a multimodal‐enhanced recovery programme demonstrated to improve outcome. We hypothesised that outcome is similar in smokers and alcohol users as in non‐users after fast‐track hip and knee arthroplasty.MethodsProspective questionnaires on co‐morbidity and smoking/alcohol use were cross‐referenced with the Danish National Health Registry to investigate relationship between smoking/alcohol use and length of stay of > 4 days and readmissions ≤ 90 days after fast‐track hip and knee arthroplasty.ResultsIn 3041 consecutive patients, 458 reported smoking and 216 drinking > 2 drinks a day, of which 66 did both. Smokers/alcohol users were younger than non‐users (mean age: 64.3 vs. 68.0 years, P < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed no relation between length of stay of > 4 days and smoking (odds ratio [95% confidence interval], P) (1.34 [0.92–1.95], 0.127) or alcohol use (0.59 [0.30–1.16], 0.127). Thirty‐ and ninety‐day readmission rate was 6.6% (n = 201) and 9.4% (n = 285). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed an increased risk of readmissions in smokers at 30 (1.60 [1.05–2.44], 0.028) but not 90‐day follow‐up (1.17 [0.80–1.73], 0.419). No increased risk of readmissions was found in alcohol users at 30 (0.94 [0.50–1.76], 0.838) or 90‐day follow‐up (0.83 [0.47–1.49], 0.532). No increased risk of specific readmissions (i.e. wound infections or pneumonia) typically related to smoking/alcohol use was found in smokers (1.56 [0.93–2.62], 0.091) or alcohol users (1.00 [0.47–2.15], 0.999) at 90‐day follow‐up.ConclusionInfluence of smoking or alcohol use may be less pronounced in fast‐track hip and knee arthroplasty compared with data with conventional care programmes.
Novel leukemic cell lines resistant to clofarabine by mechanisms of decreased active metabolite and increased antiapoptosis
Authors: Shigemi Hiroko , Yamauchi Takahiro , Tanaka Yukie , Ueda Takanori 
Published: February 2013

Clofarabine (CAFdA) is incorporated into leukemic cells by human equilibrative nucleoside transporters (hENT) 1 and 2 and human concentrative nucleoside transporter (hCNT) 3. CAFdA is then phosphorylated to the active metabolite CAFdA triphosphate (CAFdATP) by deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and deoxyguanosine kinase (dGK). Two novel CAFdA‐resistant variants were established and their mechanism of resistance was elucidated. The two variants (HL/CAFdA20, HL/CAFdA80) were 20‐fold and 80‐fold more CAFdA‐resistant than HL‐60, respectively. mRNA levels of hENT1, hENT2 and hCNT3 were 53.9, 41.8 and 17.7% in HL/CAFdA20, and 30.8, 13.9 and 7.9% in HL/CAFdA80, respectively, compared with HL‐60. Thus, the total nucleoside transport capacity of CAFdA was reduced in both variants. dCK protein levels were 1/2 in HL/CAFdA20 and 1/8 in HL/CAFdA80 of that of HL‐60. dGK protein levels were 1/2 and 1/3, respectively. CAFdATP production after 4‐h incubation with 10 μM CAFdA was 20 pmol/107cells in HL/CAFdA20 and 3 pmol/107cells in HL/CAFdA80 compared with 63 pmol/107cells in HL‐60. The decreased CAFdATP production attenuated drug incorporation into both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. In addition, the two variants were resistant to CAFdA‐induced apoptosis due to Bcl2 overexpression and decreased Bim. A Bcl2 inhibitor, ABT737, acted synergistically with CAFdA to inhibit the growth with combination index values of 0.27 in HL/CAFdA20 and 0.23 in HL/CAFdA80, compared with 0.65 in HL‐60. Thus, the mechanism of resistance primarily included not only reduced CAFdATP production, but also increased antiapoptosis. The combination of CAFdA and ABT737 may be effective against CAFdA resistance.
Long‐term outcome of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated small vessel vasculitis after renal transplantation
Authors: Marco Helena , Mirapeix Eduard , Arcos Emma , Comas Jordi , Ara Jordi , Gil‐Vernet Salvador , Puig Josep , Vinyas Odette , Perello Manel , Oppenheimer Federico , Poveda Rafael , Ibernón Meritxell , Díaz Montserrat , Ballarin Jose ,   Catalan Study Group of Glomerular Diseases (GLOMCAT)
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe survival after renal transplantation of patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated to systemic vasculitis is as good as in other diseases, although most of the reports are based on small numbers of patients. Furthermore, it is not known whether comorbidities (cardiovascular [CV] disease and cancer) are more frequent than in general population. We report our experience and the analysis of the published data on this topic. The outcome after transplantation in 49 patients with ANCA‐associated small vessel vasculitis was compared with a control group. The relapse rate of vasculitis was 0.01 per patient per year. Comparison with the control patients revealed no difference in long‐term outcome, CV mortality or incidence of malignancies. In the published literature, patients with ANCA at transplantation and with Wegener's granulomatosis are at greater risk of relapse. Taking our own results together with the review of the literature, we conclude that patient and graft survival rates compare favorably with those in control group that the recurrence rate is very low and that there is no increase in the incidence of cancer or in CV mortality. Patients with ANCA at transplantation and with Wegener's granulomatosis have a higher relapse rate.
Molecular Typing of Cyst‐Forming Nematodes Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis, Using Real‐Time PCR and Evaluation of Five Methods for Template Preparation
Authors: Papayiannis Lambros C. , Christoforou Michalis , Markou Yiannis M. , Tsaltas Dimitris 
Published: February 2013

AbstractGlobodera pallida and G. rostochiensis are two cyst‐forming nematodes known to infest potato crops, causing severe economic losses worldwide. In this study, a real‐time TaqMan PCR assay was developed and optimized for the simultaneous detection of G. pallida and G. rostochiensis. The assay's analytical and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using reference isolates. Four different DNA extraction methods and one rapid crude template‐preparation procedure were compared in terms of extraction purity, efficiency for PCR applications, utility and cost. Extraction methods A and B included two commercially available kits that utilize silica columns and magnetic beads, respectively. Method C was based on DNA isolation using Chelex resin, and method D was a standard chemistry in‐house protocol. Procedure E included the direct use of crude mixture composed of disrupted cysts in Tris–EDTA buffer. The multiplex TaqMan PCR assay successfully discriminated the two nematode species from all reference cyst samples and its recorded diagnostic sensitivity (Dse) and specificity (Dsp) was 100%. On the contrary, in conventional (Co) PCR tests, the overall Dsp and Dse were lower and estimated at 94 and 87% for G. pallida, and 97 and 88% for G. rostochiensis, respectively. Spectrophotometric results showed that DNA extraction methods A, B and C yielded the purest DNA and gave the lowest mean Ct values as well as the most consistent results in Co PCR. Alternative crude preparation method E resulted in statistically similar and Ct values consistent with those obtained with methods A to C when tested by TaqMan PCR. The developed assay, using crude template‐preparation E, allows the simple, accurate and cost‐effective testing of a large number of cyst samples and can be applied in surveys and certification schemes.
Determination and physiological roles of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol lipid remodelling pathway in yeast
Authors: Yoko‐o Takehiko , Ichikawa Daisuke , Miyagishi Yasunori , Kato Akiko , Umemura Mariko , Takase Kumiko , Ra Moonjin , Ikeda Kazutaka , Taguchi Ryo , Jigami Yoshifumi 
Published: February 2013

SummaryIn the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored proteins play important roles in cell wall biogenesis/assembly and the formation of lipid microdomains. The lipid moieties of mature GPI‐anchored proteins in yeast typically contain either ceramide moieties or diacylglycerol. Recent studies have identified that the GPI phospholipase A2 Per1p and O‐acyltransferase Gup1p play essential roles in diacylglycerol‐type lipid remodelling of GPI‐anchored proteins, while Cwh43p is involved in the remodelling of lipid moieties to ceramide. It has been generally proposed that phosphatidylinositol with diacylglycerol containing a C26 saturated fatty acid, which is generated by the sequential activity of Per1p and Gup1p, is converted to inositolphosphorylceramide by Cwh43p. In this report, we constructed double‐mutant strains defective in lipid remodelling and investigated their growth phenotypes and the lipid moieties of GPI‐anchored proteins. Based on our analyses of single‐ and double‐mutants of proteins involved in lipid remodelling, we demonstrate that an alternative pathway, in which lyso‐phosphatidylinositol generated by Per1p is used as a substrate for Cwh43p, is involved in the remodelling of GPI lipid moieties to ceramide when the normal sequential pathway is inhibited. In addition, mass spectrometric analysis of lipid species of Flag‐tagged Gas1p revealed that Gas1p contains ceramide moieties in its GPI anchor.
Cold‐induced organelle relocation in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L.
Authors: OGASAWARA YUKA , ISHIZAKI KIMITSUNE , KOHCHI TAKAYUKI , KODAMA YUTAKA 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOrganelles change their subcellular positions in response to various environmental conditions. Recently, we reported that cold treatments alter the intracellular position of chloroplasts and nuclei (cold positioning) in the fern Adiantum capillus‐veneris; chloroplasts and nuclei localized to the periclinal cell wall relocated to anticlinal cell wall after cold treatments. To further understand organelle positioning under cold conditions, we studied cold‐induced organelle relocation in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L. When sporelings and gemmmalings were treated under low temperature (5 °C), chloroplast cold positioning response was successfully induced both in the sporelings and the gemmmalings of M. polymorpha. Using a genetic transformation, nuclei, mitochondria or peroxisomes were visualized with a fluorescent protein, and the transgenic gemmmalings were incubated under the cold condition. Nuclei and peroxisomes, but not mitochondria, clearly relocated from the periclinal cell wall to the anticlinal cell wall after cold treatments. Our findings suggest that several organelles concurrently change their positions in the liverwort cell to cope with cold temperature.
Induction of dyspnea evokes increased anxiety and maladaptive breathing in individuals with high anxiety sensitivity and suffocation fear
Authors: Alius Manuela G. , Pané‐Farré Christiane A. , Von Leupoldt Andreas , Hamm Alfons O. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAlthough respiratory symptoms are relevant for diagnosis and etiology of panic disorder, anxiety responses and breathing behavior evoked by induction of dyspnea have rarely been studied. Therefore, dyspnea sensations and affective evaluations evoked by inspiratory resistive loads of different intensities were first assessed in 23 individuals with high versus 24 participants with low anxiety sensitivity (AS). High AS participants with high fear of suffocation rated loads of the same physical intensity as more unpleasant and reported more intense feelings of dyspnea and more respiratory and panic symptoms than low AS individuals. In the second experiment assessing physiological responses to physically comparable loads, high suffocation fear participants showed an increase in minute ventilation to compensate for fear‐induced air hunger. This ventilation behavior results in increased frequency of dyspnea sensations, thus increasing fear of suffocation.
A possible role for CD8+ and non‐CD8+ cell granzyme B in early small airway wall remodelling in centrilobular emphysema
Authors: Kim Won‐Dong , Chi Hyun‐Sook , Choe Kang‐Hyeon , Oh Yeon‐Mok , Lee Sang‐Do , Kim Kyu‐Rae , Yoo Kwang‐Ha , Ngan David A. , Elliott W. Mark , Granville David J. , Sin Don D. , Hogg James C. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and objectiveCD8+ cell infiltration and apoptosis of airway epithelial cells are increased in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). CD8+ T cells induce apoptosis by releasing granzymes, which can also cause extracellular matrix degradation and remodelling. Granzyme B levels and T cells expressing granzyme B are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of COPD patients, which suggests that granzyme B may contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD. This study provides quantitation of granzyme B‐positive cells in relation to CD8+ cells in the small airway walls of emphysema.MethodsAntibodies against CD8 and granzyme B were used to identify CD8+ and granzyme B+ cells. Volume fraction (Vv) of CD8+ and granzyme B+ cells were quantitated by the point counting method in the small airways of 13 non‐smoker control subjects and 46 emphysema patients (14 panlobular emphysema (PLE) and 32 centrilobular emphysema (CLE) lungs). Immunohistochemical detection of macrophage scavenger receptor was also performed in randomly selected cases.ResultsThe Vv of CD8+ and granzyme B+ cells in CLE was greater than those in control and PLE (both P < 0.001) subjects. The Vv of granzyme B+ cells was greater than that of CD8+ cells (P = 0.006), and not all CD8+ cells were positive for granzyme B in CLE subjects. Monocytes expressing both granzyme B and macrophage scavenger receptor and granulocytes expressing granzyme B were identified.ConclusionsUpregulation of granzyme B in CD8+ and non‐CD8+ cells is an early phenomenon of small airway wall remodelling in centrilobular emphysema and suggests its possible role in the pathogenesis of COPD.
Liposomal Amphotericin B Displays Rapid Dose-Dependent Activity against Candida albicans Biofilms
Authors: Ramage Gordon , Jose Anto , Sherry Leighann , Lappin David F. , Jones Brian , Williams Craig 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Biofilms formed by
Candida albicans
bloodstream isolates on catheters are an important clinical problem. Devising chemotherapeutic strategies to treat these
in situ
is an attractive option. We report here that liposomal amphotericin effectively kills
C. albicans
biofilms rapidly (12 h) and effectively (>90%) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas caspofungin displays an inverse concentration-dependent effect. This study has implications for considering the effective doses of antifungal agents used for catheter lock therapy.
Bloody
coli
: a Gene Cocktail in Escherichia coli O104:H4
Authors: Baquero Fernando , Tobes Raquel 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

A recent study published in
mBio
[Y. H. Grad et al.,
mBio
4(1):e00452-12, 2013] indicates that a rapid introgressive evolution has occurred in
Escherichia coli
O104:H4 by sequential acquisition of foreign genetic material involving pathogenicity traits. O104 genetic promiscuity cannot be readily explained by high population sizes. However, extensive interactions leading to cumulative assemblies of pathogenicity genes might be assured by small
K
-strategist populations exploiting particular intestinal niches. Next-generation sequencing technologies will be critical to detect particular “gene cocktails” as potentially pathogenic ensembles and to predict the risk of future outbreaks.