bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perinatal outcome in relation to fetal sex in offspring to mothers with pre‐gestational and gestational diabetes—a population‐based study
Authors: Persson M. , Fadl H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimThe objective of the present study was to investigate if perinatal outcome differs with fetal sex in pregnancies with maternal Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes.MethodsThis was a population‐based cohort study, with data from the Medical Birth Registry in Sweden throughout the period 1998–2007. Singleton pregnancies with maternal Type 1 diabetes (n = 4092), Type 2 diabetes (n = 412) and gestational diabetes (n = 8602) were identified based on the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition code. For comparison, 905 565 pregnancies without diabetes were included. The primary outcome was a composite outcome, consisting of any of the following diagnoses: perinatal mortality rate, major malformation, preterm delivery, acute respiratory disorders and neonatal hypoglycaemia. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios for adverse outcomes in male offspring within the diabetic and reference cohorts, respectively.ResultsIn pregnancies with diabetes, maternal characteristics did not differ with fetal sex, except for a higher rate of Caesarean delivery in male offspring of women with Type 1 diabetes. Male infants to mothers with Type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes had significantly increased odds of respiratory disorders [adjusted odds ratio (confidence interval) Type 1 diabetes: 1.50 (1.12–2.02); gestational diabetes: 1.81 (1.27–2.57)]. Male infants to mothers with gestational diabetes also had significantly increased odds of major malformations [adjusted odds ratio: 1.44 (1.07–1.93)]. In offspring of mothers with Type 2 diabetes, odds ratios of most outcomes were higher in male infants; however, not significantly different from female infants. In pregnancies without diabetes, male infants had significantly higher odds of all adverse outcomes, except perinatal mortality rate.ConclusionThe risk of adverse perinatal outcome in offspring of mothers with Type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes did not differ by sex, except for a higher risk in male infants for respiratory disorders. The risk of major malformations was also significantly increased in male offspring to mothers with gestational diabetes. In offspring of mothers with Type 2 diabetes, no significant differences between sexes were found.
Evergreen foliage allows early hatching in a pine processionary moth and escape from predation
Authors: RONNÅS CECILIA , DALIN PETER 
Published: April 2014

1. Seasonal variation in leaf quality and climate conditions often imposes constraints on the temporal occurrence of tree‐feeding insect larvae, but the seasonal effects of predation have received limited attention. In temperate climate zones, both the abundance and activity of predators can be expected to vary over time.2. The study reported herein examined the impact of temporal variation in predator activity levels on the life history of an herbivorous insect feeding on a constant food source: previous‐year needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). In field experiments, the survival and growth rates of colonies of Thaumetopoea pinivora
Treitschke larvae that had been manipulated to hatch at three different dates were compared. Eggs of T. pinivora usually hatch by mid‐April in southern Sweden, which is earlier than most other herbivorous insects that overwinter as eggs in this region.3. Predator exclusion experiments indicated that larvae which hatched later than April experienced a higher level of predator activity, mainly by ants. The final larval size and the timing of pupation were not affected by hatching date. First instar larvae were more extensively preyed on than second instars.4. The life history of herbivore species can be affected by seasonal variation in predation pressures. This study suggests that early hatching in a lepidopteran species can allow a temporal escape from predation during the vulnerable early life stages.
Terrestrial deposition of aquatic insects increases plant quality for insect herbivores and herbivore density
Authors: BULTMAN HILARY , HOEKMAN DAVID , DREYER JAMIN , GRATTON CLAUDIO 
Published: April 2014

1. Mobile organisms such as emergent aquatic insects can subsidise land with aquatic nutrients, creating a link between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.2. Deposition of aquatic insects on land produces bottom‐up effects in arthropod detritivore communities and may also affect plants and plant–herbivore interactions.3. To investigate the effects of insect deposition on plant–herbivore interactions, we conducted a field experiment and surveys of tealeaf willow (Salicaceae; Salix phylicifolia Coste) and July highflyer caterpillars (Geometridae; Hydriomena furcata Thunberg) at lakes in Northeast Iceland with either high‐ or low‐midge density and deposition to land.4. It was found that willow at high‐midge lakes had 8–11% higher nitrogen content compared with willow at low‐midge lakes. In addition, natural caterpillar density was 4–6 times higher and caterpillars were 72% heavier at high‐midge lakes than low‐midge lakes.5. A fully reciprocal caterpillar transplant experiment among willow at high‐ and low‐midge lakes was performed to separate the influence of habitat and midge effects on caterpillar performance.6. After transplant, pupae of July Highflyer caterpillars were on average 11% heavier at high‐midge sites compared with low‐midge sites. However, this difference was not statistically significant.7. The present findings indicate that cross‐ecosystem subsidies in the form of aquatic insects can increase plant foliar quality and the abundance of insect herbivores in recipient ecosystems.
Changes in glutamate concentration, glucose metabolism, and cerebral blood flow during focal brain cooling of the epileptogenic cortex in humans
Authors: Nomura Sadahiro , Fujii Masami , Inoue Takao , He Yeting , Maruta Yuichi , Koizumi Hiroyasu , Suehiro Eiichi , Imoto Hirochika , Ishihara Hideyuki , Oka Fumiaki , Matsumoto Mishiya , Owada Yuji , Yamakawa Takeshi , Suzuki Michiyasu 
Published: April 2014

SummaryObjectiveRecently, focal brain cooling (FBC) was proposed as a method for treating refractory epilepsy. However, the precise influence of cooling on the molecular basis of epilepsy has not been elucidated. Thus the aim of this study was to assess the effect of FBC on glutamate (Glu) concentration, cerebral blood flow (CBF), and glucose metabolism in patients with intractable epilepsy.MethodsNine patients underwent FBC at 15°C for 30 min prior to cortical resection (n = 6) or hippocampectomy (n = 3). Measurement of metabolites and CBF, as well as electrocorticography (ECoG), was performed.ResultsEpileptic discharge (ED), as observed by ECoG, disappeared in the cooling period and reappeared in the rewarming period. Glu concentrations were high during the precooling period and were reduced to 51.2% during the cooling period (p = 0.025). Glycerol levels showed a similar decrease (p = 0.028). Lactate concentration was high during the precooling period and was reduced during the cooling period (21.3% decrease; p = 0.005). Glucose and pyruvate levels were maintained throughout the procedure. Changes in CBF were parallel to those observed by ECoG.SignificanceFBC reduced EDs and concentrations of Glu and glycerol. This demonstrates the neuroprotective effect of FBC. Our findings confirm that FBC is a reasonable and optimal treatment option for patients with intractable epilepsy.A PowerPoint slide summarizing this article is available for download in the Supporting Information section here.
Open Stakeholder Consultations at the European Level—Voice of the Citizens?
Authors: Marxsen Christian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe European Commission's open consultations of stakeholders are a central mechanism of the attempt to practice participatory governance at the European level and to open the political process to contributions from the societal sphere. This paper analyses the current practice of open consultations as one important operationalisation of participatory governance and as an implementation of Article 11 of the Treaty of the European Union (TEU). It asks whether consultations can be a means to give voice to the citizens and to increase the legitimacy of European institutions. The paper presents an empirical analysis of the field of participants in the consultations. A main finding is that business and industry organisations dominate the consultative process while the participation of citizens and not‐for‐profit organisations is generally weak. The paper explores to which extent the consultations can, considering the empirical findings, be seen as a suitable way for direct or representative citizen participation.
Effects of Moderate Aerobic Exercise Training on Vascular Health and Blood Pressure in African Americans
Authors: Feairheller Deborah L. , Diaz Keith M. , Kashem Mohammed A. , Thakkar Sunny R. , Veerabhadrappa Praveen , Sturgeon Kathleen M. , Ling Chenyi , Williamson Sheara T. , Kretzschmar Jan , Lee Hojun , Grimm Heather , Babbitt Dianne M. , Vin Charmie , Fan Xiaoxuan , Crabbe Deborah L. , Brown Michael D. 
Published: April 2014

As healthcare progresses toward individualized medicine, understanding how different racial groups respond to lifestyle interventions is valuable. It is established that African Americans have disproportionate levels of cardiovascular disease and impaired vascular health, and clinical practice guidelines suggest lifestyle interventions as the first line of treatment. Recently, the authors reported that 6 months of aerobic exercise improved inflammatory markers, flow‐mediated dilation (FMD), and levels of circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) in African American adults. This study is a subgroup analysis of the aerobic exercise–induced changes in vascular health and blood pressure (BP) measures, including carotid artery intima‐media thickness (IMT), nitroglycerin‐mediated dilation (NMD), ambulatory BP, and office BP. Sedentary African American adults (53.4±6.2 years; 21 women and 5 men) showed improved vascular health but no change in BP. Carotid artery IMT decreased 6.4%, plasma nitric oxide levels increased 76.6%, plasma EMP levels decreased, percentage of FMD increased 59.6%, and FMD/NMD ratio increased 36.2% (P<.05 for all). Six months of aerobic exercise training is sufficient to elicit improvements in vascular structure and function in African Americans, even without improvements in BP measures or NMD (ie, smooth muscle function). To our knowledge, this is the first study to report such findings in African Americans.
Microbiome investigation in the ecological speciation context of lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Sevellec M. , Pavey S. A. , Boutin S. , Filteau M. , Derome N. , Bernatchez L. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractFew studies have applied NGS methods to investigate the microbiome of vertebrates in their natural environment and in freshwater fishes in particularly. Here, we used pyrosequencing of the 16S gene rRNA to (i) test for differences in kidney bacterial communities (i.e. microbiota) of dwarf and normal whitefish found as sympatric pairs, (ii) test the hypothesis of higher bacterial diversity in normal compared with dwarf whitefish and (iii) test for the occurrence of parallelism with the presence and composition of bacterial communities across species pairs inhabiting different lakes. The kidney microbiota of 253 dwarf and normal whitefish from five lakes was analysed combining a double‐nested PCR approach with 454 pyrosequencing. Bacteria were detected in 52.6% of the analysed whitefish. There was no overall significant difference among lakes and forms, although the lake × form interaction was found significant. We identified 579 bacterial genera, which is substantially more than previous descriptions using less sensitive techniques of fish bacterial diversity in kidney, pathogenic or not. Ten of these genera contained eighteen pathogenic species. Differences in bacteria composition between whitefish forms were not parallel among lakes. In accordance with the higher diversity of prey types, normal whitefish kidney tissue consistently had a more diverse bacterial community and this pattern was parallel among lakes. These results add to building evidence from previous studies on this system that the adaptive divergence of dwarf, and normal whitefish has been driven by both parallel and nonparallel ecological conditions across lakes.
Self‐Management Behaviors in Older Adults with Asthma: Associations with Health Literacy
Authors: Federman Alex D. , Wolf Michael S. , Sofianou Anastasia , Martynenko Melissa , O'Connor Rachel , Halm Ethan A. , Leventhal Howard , Wisnivesky Juan P. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectivesTo examine self‐management behaviors, including medication adherence and inhaler technique, in older adults with asthma and their association with health literacy.DesignObservational cohort study.SettingPrimary care and pulmonary specialty practices in two tertiary academic medical centers and three federally qualified health centers in New York, New York, and Chicago, Illinois.ParticipantsAdults with moderate or severe persistent asthma aged 60 and older (N = 433).MeasurementsOutcomes were adherence to asthma controller medications, metered dose inhaler (MDI) and dry powder inhaler (DPI) techniques, having a usual asthma physician, and avoidance of four common triggers. Health literacy was assessed using the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults.ResultsThe mean age was 67, and 36% of participants had marginal or low health literacy. Adherence was low (38%) overall and worse in individuals with low health literacy (22%) than in those with adequate literacy (47%, P < .001) and after adjusting for demographic factors and health status (odds ratio (OR) = 0.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.31–0.73). Similarly, inhaler technique was poor; only 38% and 54% had good MDI and DPI technique, respectively. Technique was worse in those with low health literacy (MDI technique: OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38–0.85; DPI technique: OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.25–0.71). Asthma self‐monitoring and avoidance of triggers occurred infrequently but were less consistently associated with low health literacy.ConclusionAdherence to medications and inhaler technique are poor in older adults with asthma and worse in those with low health literacy. Clinicians should routinely assess controller medication adherence and inhaler technique and use low‐literacy communication strategies to support self‐management in older adults with asthma.
PECTATE LYASE‐LIKE10 is associated with pollen wall development in Brassica campestris
Authors: Jiang Jingjing , Yao Lina , Yu Youjian , Lv Meiling , Miao Ying , Cao Jiashu 
Published: April 2014

AbstractPECTATE LYASE‐LIKE10 (PLL10) was previously identified as one of the differentially expressed genes both in microspores during the late pollen developmental stages and in pistils during the fertilization process in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis). Here, antisense‐RNA was used to study the functions of BcPLL10 in Chinese cabbage. Abnormal pollen was identified in the transgenic lines (bcpll10‐4, ‐5, and ‐6). In fertilization experiments, fewer seeds were harvested when the antisense‐RNA lines were used as pollen donor. In vivo and in vitro pollen germination assays less germinated pollen tubes were observed in bcpll10 lines. Scanning electron microscopy observation verified that the tryphine materials were over accumulated around the pollen surface and sticked them together in bcpll10. Moreover, transmission electron microscopy observation revealed that the internal endintine was overdeveloped and predominantly occupied the intine, and disturbed the normal proportional distribution of the two layers in the non‐germinal furrow region; and no obvious demarcation existed between them in the germinal furrow region in the bcpll10 pollen. Collectively, this study presented a novel PLL gene that played an important role during the pollen wall development in B. campestris, which may also possess potential importance for male sterility usage in agriculture.
Dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease: mechanisms and current non‐pharmacological interventions
Authors: Heumann Rolf , Moratalla Rosario , Herrero Maria Trinidad , Chakrabarty Koushik , Drucker‐Colín René , Garcia‐Montes Jose Ruben , Simola Nicola , Morelli Micaela 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease is associated with several unwanted effects, of which dyskinesia is the most disabling. The development of new therapeutic interventions to reduce the impact of dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease is therefore a priority need. This review summarizes the key molecular mechanisms that underlie dyskinesia. The role of dopamine receptors and their associated signaling mechanisms including dopamine‐cAMP‐regulated neuronal phosphoprotein, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, mitogen and stress‐activated kinase‐1 and Histone H3 are summarized, along with an evaluation of the role of cannabinoid and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The role of synaptic plasticity and animal behavioral results on dyskinesia are also evaluated. The most recent therapeutic advances to treat Parkinson's disease are discussed, with emphasis on the possibilities and limitations of non‐pharmacological interventions such as physical activity, deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic field stimulation and cell replacement therapy. The review suggests new prospects for the management of Parkinson's disease‐associated motor symptoms, especially the development of dyskinesia.
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This review aims at summarizing the key molecular mechanisms underlying dyskinesia and the most recent therapeutic advances to treat Parkinson's disease with emphasis on non‐pharmacological interventions such as physical activity, deep brain stimulation (DBS), transcranial magnetic field stimulation (TMS) and cell replacement therapy. These new interventions are discussed from both the experimental and clinical point of view, describing their current strength and limitations.
Inhibition of PaCaMKII‐E isoform in the dorsal unpaired median neurosecretory cells of cockroach reduces nicotine‐ and clothianidin‐induced currents
Authors: List Olivier , Calas‐List Delphine , Taillebois Emiliane , Juchaux Marjorie , Heuland Emilie , Thany Steeve H. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractCellular responses to Ca2+ require intermediary proteins such as calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), which transduces the signal into downstream effects. We recently demonstrated that the cockroach genome encodes five different CaMKII isoforms, and only PaCaMKII‐E isoform is specifically expressed in the dorsal unpaired median neurosecretory cells. In the present study, using antisense oligonucleotides, we demonstrated that PaCaMKII‐E isoform inhibition reduced nicotine‐induced currents through α‐bungarotoxin‐sensitive and ‐insensitive nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes. Specifically, PaCaMKII‐E isoform is sufficient to repress nicotinic current amplitudes as a result of its depression by antisense oligonucleotides. Similar results were found using the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin, which acted as a full agonist of dorsal unpaired median neuron nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Clothianidin current amplitudes are strongly reduced under bath application of PaCaMKII‐E antisense oligonucleotides but no significant results are found with α‐bungarotoxin co‐applied, demonstrating that CaMKII‐E isoform affects nicotine currents through α‐bungarotoxin‐sensitive and ‐insensitive receptor subtypes whereas clothianidin currents are reduced via α‐bungarotoxin‐insensitive receptors. In addition, we found that intracellular calcium increase induced by nicotine and clothianidin were reduced by PaCaMKII‐E antisense oligonucleotides, demonstrating that intracellular calcium increase induced by nicotine and clothianidin are affected by PaCaMKII‐E inhibition.
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Cellular responses to Ca2+ require intermediary proteins such as calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). We recently demonstrated that the cockroach genome encodes five different CaMKII isoforms and only PaCaMKII‐E isoform was specifically expressed in the dorsal unpaired median neurosecretory cells. Here we show that specific inhibition of PaCaMKII‐E isoform is associated with a decrease in nicotine‐ and clothianidin‐induced currents. In addition, analysis of calcium changes demonstrates that PaCaMKII‐E inhibition induces a decrease in intracellular calcium concentration.
Early Adolescents' Development of Academic Self‐Concept and Intrinsic Task Value: The Role of Contextual Feedback
Authors: Gniewosz Burkhard , Eccles Jacquelynne S. , Noack Peter 
Published: April 2014

In this study, we investigate the extent to which achievement‐related feedback in two academic domains (mathematics and language) originating from two contexts (school and family) predicts early adolescents' domain‐specific academic self‐concept and intrinsic task values in Germany (N = 1,190, age range 10–13) and the United States (N = 1,953, age range 10–14). We examined the mediating role of both parents' competence perceptions and the early adolescents' academic self‐concepts linking grades and intrinsic value. Within‐ and cross‐domain effects were tested at each stage of the mediation. As predicted, in both countries the associations of grades with the academic self‐concepts are mediated by the parents' competence perceptions. The association of academic feedback with intrinsic task value is mediated through the students' academic self‐concepts.
Adolescent Attachment Trajectories With Mothers and Fathers: The Importance of Parent–Child Relationship Experiences and Gender
Authors: Ruhl Holly , Dolan Elaine A. , Buhrmester Duane 
Published: April 2014

This longitudinal study investigated how attachment with mothers and fathers changes during adolescence, and how gender and parent–child relationship experiences are associated with attachment trajectories. The relative importance of specific positive and negative relationship experiences on attachment trajectories was also examined. An initial sample of 223 adolescents reported on relationship experiences and attachment avoidance and anxiety with mothers and fathers in Grades 6, 8, 10, and 12 (final N = 110; Mage = 11.90 years at onset, SD = .43). Mothers and fathers reported on relationship experiences with adolescents. Hierarchical linear modeling showed that security with parents increased during adolescence. Positive relationship experiences (companionship, satisfaction, approval, support) predicted increases in security, and negative experiences (pressure, criticism) predicted decreases in security. Females reported less avoidance than males.
Characterization and Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum truncatum Causing Stem Anthracnose of Red‐Fleshed Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) in Malaysia
Authors: Iskandar Vijaya Suzianti , Mohd Anuar Intan Sakinah , Zakaria Latiffah 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDuring August 2010 and January 2011, 10 isolates of Colletotrichum were recovered from stem anthracnose lesions of Hylocereus polyrhizus in the states of Kedah and Penang, Malaysia. Based on the morphological characteristics of colony colour and appearance, and shapes of conidia as well as sequences of internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), β‐tubulin, actin (ACT) and glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), the fungus was identified as Colletotrichum truncatum. Pathogenicity test showed that C. truncatum isolates were pathogenic to the artificially inoculated H. polyrhizus stem. This is the first report of C. truncatum causing anthracnose on H. polyrhizus stems in Malaysia.