bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of nano‐structured particles with organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Romeo Agostino , Tarabella Giuseppe , D'Angelo Pasquale , Coppedè Nicola , Rossi Francesca , Mosca Roberto , Iannotta Salvatore 
Published: November 2014

AbstractRecently big efforts have been addressed to the development of techniques for sensing and characterization of nanoparticles (NPs), especially in aqueous environment, due to their possible harmfulness related to their nanometric size. In this work we describe a real time detection of NPs based on organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). OECTs were employed to detect core‐shell super‐paramagnetic NPs (Fe3O4) functionalized with different polymeric coatings. The OECT response resulted to be a function of the density of NPs suspended in the solution, with sensitivity down to tens of µg/ml. The data, interpreted in terms of the effective gate voltage shift induced by the NPs, indicate that the sensing mechanism is correlated to the electrostatic interaction of NPs with the PEDOT:PSS transistor channel. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Precipitation sensitivity to autoconversion rate in a numerical weather‐prediction model
Authors: Planche Céline , Marsham John H. , Field Paul R. , Carslaw Kenneth S. , Hill Adrian A. , Mann Graham W. , Shipway Ben J. 
Published: November 2014

Aerosols are known to significantly affect cloud and precipitation patterns and intensity, but these interactions are ignored or very simplistically handled in climate and numerical weather‐prediction (NWP) models.A suite of one‐way nested Met Office Unified Model (UM) runs, with a single‐moment bulk microphysics scheme was used to study two convective cases with contrasting characteristics observed in southern England. The autoconversion process that converts cloud water to rain is directly controlled by the assumed droplet number. The impact of changing cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) on cloud and precipitation evolution can be inferred through changes to the autoconversion rate. This was done for a range of resolutions ranging from regional NWP (1 km) to high resolution (up to 100 m grid spacing) to evaluate the uncertainties due to changing CDNC as a function of horizontal grid resolution.The first case is characterised by moderately intense convective showers forming below an upper‐level potential vorticity anomaly, with a low freezing level. The second case, characterised by one persistent stronger storm, is warmer with a deeper boundary layer. The colder case is almost insensitive to even large changes in CDNC, while in the warmer case a change of a factor of 3 in assumed CDNC affects total surface rain rate by ∼17%. In both cases the sensitivity to CDNC is similar at all grid spacings <1 km. The contrasting sensitivities of these cases are induced by their contrasting ice‐phase proportion. The ice processes in this model damp the precipitation sensitivity to CDNC. For this model the convection is sensitive to CDNC when the accretion process is more significant than the melting process and vice versa.
p,p'‐DDE damages spermatogenesis via phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase depletion and mitochondria apoptosis pathway
Authors: Quan Chao , Shi Yuqin , Wang Can , Wang Chengmin , Yang Kedi 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTOne, 1‐dichloro‐2,2‐bis(p‐chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'‐DDE), the major metabolite of 2,2‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)−1,1,1‐trichloroethane (DDT), is a known persistent organic pollutant (POPs) and male reproductive toxicant. However, the mechanism by which p,p'‐DDE exposure causes male reproductive toxicity remains unknown. The objective of this study was to elucidate some mechanisms involved in this process, including the mitochondria apoptosis pathway and the role of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx). Puberty male SD rats were given different doses of p,p'‐DDE (0, 20, 60, 100 mg/kg body weight), after the treatment, the semen quality was evaluated. Western blotting was used to detect the PHGPx protein expression. Furthermore, real‐time PCR was used to analyze the genetic expression of PHGPx, Bax, Cytochrom C (Cyt C), Apaf‐1, and caspase‐3 in the testis. Results indicated that after the exposure, sperm malformation rate showed a significant rise compared with the control group, and meanwhile, the sperm density and sperm motility parameters were reduced to some extent in different treated groups. The mitochondria apoptosis pathway was activated. And remarkably, the expression of PHGPx protein was greatly reduced by the exposure. We conclude that p,p'‐DDE can damage spermatogenesis via PHGPx depletion and mitochondria apoptosis pathway. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 593–600, 2016.
The cytotoxic effect of the NOS‐mediated oxidative stress in MCF‐7 cells after PbCl2 exposure
Authors: Zhong Lingying , Wang Lumei , Xu Lurong , Liu Qunlu , Jiang Linlei , Zhi Yuee , Lu Wei , Zhou Pei 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe potential Pb‐induced cytotoxicity in various tissues and biological systems has been reported. Some evidences also indicate that the Pb‐caused cytotoxicity may be associated with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS). However, there remains uncertainty about the role of the NOS signaling pathway during the Pb‐induced cytotoxicity. In this report, we provide data showing that PbCl2 treatment depresses the expressions of the three distinct NOS isoforms: neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS) on both transcriptional and translational levels in MCF‐7 cells. The down‐regulation of NOSs expressions by PbCl2 exposure leads to reduced NOS activity and nitric oxide (NO) production. Meanwhile, the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level is elevated after PbCl2 exposure, which leads to the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (elF2α) phosphorylation. The reduction effects of the free radical scavenger N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine or the NOS substrate l‐arginine on the Pb‐induced ROS generation suggest that the NOS signaling pathway plays a key role in the Pb‐induced oxidative stress, which further results in the elF2α phosphorylation and cytotoxicity. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 601–608, 2016.
Variations in the neonatal environment modulate adult behavioral and brain responses to palatable food withdrawal in adult female rats
Authors: Colman Juliana Barcellos , Laureano Daniela Pereira , Reis Tatiane Madeira , Krolow Rachel , Dalmaz Carla , Benetti Carla da Silva , Silveira Patrícia Pelufo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground/objectivesEarly handling alters adult behavioral responses to palatable food and to its withdrawal following a period of chronic exposure. However, the central mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are not known. Since neonatal handling has persistent effects on stress and anxiety responses, we hypothesized that its involvement in the aforementioned association may be associated with differential neuroadaptations in the amygdala during withdrawal periods.MethodsLitters were randomized into two groups: handled (H, removed from their dam for 10 min per day from the first to the tenth postnatal day and placed in an incubator at 32 °C) and non‐handled (NH). Experiment 1: on PNDs 80–100, females were assigned to receive palatable food + rat chow for 15 or 30 days, and these two groups were compared in terms of palatable food preference, body weight and abdominal fat deposition. In Experiment 2, H and NH rats were exposed to a chronic diet of palatable food + rat chow for 15 days, followed by (a) no withdrawal, (b) 24 h withdrawal from palatable food (receiving only rat chow) or (c) 7‐day withdrawal from palatable food (receiving only rat chow). Body weight, 10‐min rebound palatable food intake, abdominal fat deposition, serum corticosterone as well as TH and pCREB levels in the amygdala were then compared between groups.ResultsExperiment 1—chronic exposure to palatable food induces comparable metabolic effects after 15 and 30 days. Experiment 2—neonatal handling is associated with a peculiar response to palatable food withdrawal following chronic exposure for 15 days. Rats exposed to early handling ingested less of this food after a 24 h withdrawal period, and displayed increased amygdala TH and pCREB levels.ConclusionsVariations in the neonatal environment affect both behavioral responses and amygdala neuroadaptation to acute withdrawal from a palatable diet. These findings contribute to the comprehension of the mechanisms that link early life events and altered feeding behavior and related morbidities such as obesity in adulthood.
The histone chaperone HJURP is a new independent prognostic marker for luminal A breast carcinoma
Authors: Montes de Oca Rocío , Gurard-Levin Zachary A. , Berger Frédérique , Rehman Haniya , Martel Elise , Corpet Armelle , de Koning Leanne , Vassias Isabelle , Wilson Laurence O.W. , Meseure Didier , Reyal Fabien , Savignoni Alexia , Asselain Bernard , Sastre-Garau Xavier , Almouzni Geneviève 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundBreast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with different molecular subtypes that have varying responses to therapy. An ongoing challenge in breast cancer research is to distinguish high‐risk patients from good prognosis patients. This is particularly difficult in the low‐grade, ER‐positive luminal A tumors, where robust diagnostic tools to aid clinical treatment decisions are lacking. Recent data implicating chromatin regulators in cancer initiation and progression offers a promising avenue to develop new tools to help guide clinical decisions.MethodsHere we exploit a published transcriptome dataset and an independent validation cohort to correlate the mRNA expression of selected chromatin regulators with respect to the four intrinsic breast cancer molecular subtypes. We then perform univariate and multivariate analyses to compare the prognostic value of a panel of chromatin regulators to Ki67, a currently utilized proliferation marker.ResultsUnsupervised hierarchical clustering revealed a gene cluster containing several histone chaperones and histone variants highly‐expressed in the proliferative subtypes (basal‐like, HER2‐positive, luminal B) but not in the luminal A subtype. Several chromatin regulators, including the histone chaperones CAF‐1 (subunits p150 and p60), ASF1b, and HJURP, and the centromeric histone variant CENP‐A, associated with local and metastatic relapse and poor patient outcome. Importantly, we find that HJURP can discriminate favorable and unfavorable outcome within the luminal A subtype, outperforming the currently utilized proliferation marker Ki67, as an independent prognostic marker for luminal A patients.ConclusionsThe integration of chromatin regulators as clinical biomarkers, in particular the histone chaperone HJURP, will help guide patient substratification and treatment options for low‐risk luminal A breast carcinoma patients.
Acute Stroke Patients Treated with Stent Retrievers in Carotid “T” Occlusions Have Improved Recanalization and Outcome
Authors: Orton Trent H. , Lum Cheemun , Alhazzaa Mohammed , Lesiuk Howard , Dowlatshahi Dar , dos Santos Marlise P. , Iancu Daniela 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground: Recanalization rates and patient outcomes in acute occlusion of the carotid terminus have previously been poor. The use of stent-retrievers has resulted in better recanalization and patient outcomes. We sought to compare outcomes in patients treated with stent-retrievers to outcomes in older techniques. Methods: We retrospectively compared a stent-retriever cohort to a historical cohort. We evaluated recanalization rates and good outcomes (defined as mRS < 2 at 30 days or 10 point drop in NIHSS). Results: There were twenty patients treated with stent-retrievers versus nine without. The recanalization rate in patients treated with stent retrievers was significantly higher than that of other modalities (90% vs 33%, p=0.004). Good outcomes were significantly higher in the stent retriever cohort (70% vs 22%, p=0.041). Conclusion: The use of stent-retrievers in patients with carotid “T” occlusions shows promise in comparison to older techniques. A randomized trial comparing stent-retriever therapy to IV thrombolysis is warranted to determine the efficacy of this new generation of devices.
Experience from the Great East Japan Earthquake Response as the Basis for Revising the Japanese Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) Training Program
Authors: Anan Hideaki , Akasaka Osamu , Kondo Hisayoshi , Nakayama Shinichi , Morino Kazuma , Homma Masato , Koido Yuichi , Otomo Yasuhiro 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe objective of this study was to draft a new Japanese Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) training program based on the responses to the Great East Japan Earthquake.MethodsWorking group members of the Japan DMAT Investigative Commission, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, reviewed reports and academic papers on DMAT activities after the disaster and identified items in the current Japanese DMAT training program that should be changed. A new program was proposed that incorporates these changes.ResultsNew topics that were identified to be added to the DMAT training program were hospital evacuation, preparations to receive DMATs at damaged hospitals, coordination when DMAT activities are prolonged, and safety management and communication when on board small helicopters. The use of wide-area transport was reviewed and changes were made to cover selection of various transport means including helicopter ambulances. Content related to confined space medicine was removed. The time spent on emergency medical information system (EMIS) practical training was increased. Redundant or similar content was combined and reorganized, and a revised DMAT training program that did not increase the overall training time was designed.ConclusionThe revised DMAT training program will provide practical training better suited to the present circumstances in Japan. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;8:477-484)
VIPERS AND LOST YOUTH: A NOTE ON OLD AGE IN EARLY GREEK EPIC
Authors: Brown Christopher G. 
Published: November 2014

It is well known that in early Greek epic old age was something that could be scraped off a man, and it is the purpose of this note to explore the image and to suggest a possible origin. The idea is first attested in a counterfactual conditional sentence in Phoenix's speech atIl.9.445–6: ‘nor even if [a god] himself were to undertake to render me young and flourishing after scraping off old age …’ (οὐδ' εἴ κέν μοι ὑποσταίη αὐτός | γῆρας ἀποξύσας θήσειν νέον ἡβώοντα …); in a description of Medea's magical rejuvenation of Aeson in theNostoi(fr. 7.2 Bernabé = 6.2 Davies, γῆρας ἀποξύσας); and in the account of Eos' botched attempt to make Tithonus immortal in theHomeric Hymn to Aphrodite(223–4):οὐδ' ἐνόησε μετὰ ϕρεσὶ πότνια Ἠώςἥβην αἰτῆσαι, ξῦσαί τ' ἄπο γῆρας ὀλοιόν.Nor did lady Dawn think in her mind to ask for youth and to scrape off ruinous old age.This language also occurs in Late Antiquity, and Andrew Faulkner in his commentary on theHymn(ad loc.) cites Greg. Nanz.Carm.1.2.2.483 (PG37.616) in the fourth centurya.d.and the much later Cometas,Anth. Pal.15.37.2. So far as the imagery implicit in these passages is concerned, S. D. Olson writes, ‘old age is imagined as a scurf or patina that can be scoured off a person’. Faulkner, however, prefers a more precise reference: ‘Griffin … relates it to the idea of old age as a skin that can be shed, as that of a snake’, and he helpfully cites Theodoros Prodromos,Carmina historica24.18, ἀπόξυσαι τὸ γῆρας ὥσπερ ὄϕις (‘to scrape off old age like a snake’).
CLAUDIAN, DE RAPTU PROSERPINAE 1.82 AND GEORGICS 3.68
Authors: O'Hogan Cillian 
Published: November 2014

That Claudian imitates Virgil's Georgics in the De raptu Proserpinae is well known. Most of his allusions are restricted to Golden Age or Underworld imagery, largely from Books 1, 2, and 4. However, one imitation of the third Georgic that appears not to have been noted previously occurs at De raptu Proserpinae 1.82. The context is Claudian's famous description of Pluto enthroned:
ipse rudi fultus solio nigraque uerendusmaiestate sedet: squalent inmania foedosceptra situ; sublime caput maestissima nubesasperat et dirae riget inclementia formae;terrorem dolor augebat. (De raptu Proserpinae 1.79–83)
I argue that this recalls the following passage in Virgil:
optima quaeque dies miseris mortalibus aeuiprima fugit; subeunt morbi tristisque senectuset labor, et durae rapit inclementia mortis. (Georgics 3.66–8)Inclementia occurs some twenty times in extant classical and late antique Latin verse. Claudian himself uses it three other times. None the less, the construction of Claudian's line makes it clear that the line from the Georgics is being imitated here: the lines are metrically equivalent, and the sound-pattern and identical grammatical structure make the imitation unmistakable (¯˘˘ | et d¯rae r˘˘t inclementia ¯x).
Postcranium of the paradigm elasmosaurid plesiosaurianLibonectes morgani(Welles, 1949)
Authors: SACHS SVEN , KEAR BENJAMIN P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractElasmosauridae constitutes one of the most immediately recognizable plesiosaurian radiations. Their distinctive body plan represents the popular model for Plesiosauria, and is typified by an osteological morphology especially adapted for hyper-elongation of the neck. Nevertheless, many archetypal elasmosaurids are known only from incomplete and/or inadequately documented material, a problem that has contributed to their uncertain intra-clade relationships. A prime example of this isLibonectes morganifrom the Upper Cretaceous of Texas, USA, which is frequently presented as an elasmosaurid structural proxy because of its three-dimensionally preserved holotype skull. Perplexingly though, both the taxonomic diagnosis and phylogenetic placement ofL. morganirely primarily upon the cervical vertebrae, together with the pectoral girdle and forelimb, yet most of these elements are now lost and figured only as line drawings. We therefore reviewed the remnant postcranial skeleton ofL. morganifirst-hand with the objective of clarifying its defining character states. Our observations showed that the existing diagnosis ofL. morganiis indeed inadequate. Moreover, the only identifiable autapomorphies occurred within the axial skeleton. This concurred with an examination of character scores used in published plesiosaurian phylogenies, and highlights the persistent significance of postcranial elements for discriminating elasmosaurid taxa.
How Dynamics of Urbanization Affect Physical and Mental Health in Urban China
Authors: Chen Juan , Chen Shuo , Landry Pierre F. , Davis Deborah S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUsing a 2011 national survey of urban residents, irrespective of their officialhukoustatus, and the 2000–2009 night-time light data from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS), this paper goes beyond the simple dichotomy of migrant versus non-migrant or rural versus urbanhukouto disentangle the processes of urbanization and migration and their complex associations with health, and assesses the impact of various levels and speed of urbanization on the physical and mental health of current residents in a city or town. By disaggregating urbanization into three discrete dimensions at sub-provincial levels, we find that while a higher absolute level of urbanization at the county level negatively impacted self-reported physical health, faster and accelerating urbanization had a positive impact which could be attributed to the demand-pull effect underlying the healthy migrant phenomenon. By contrast, all three dimensions of urbanization were associated with greater depressive distress and thus had an adverse effect on residents' mental health. Beyond demonstrating how variation in the process and location of urbanization affects individual health, we also illustrate more broadly the value of modelling locational parameters in analyses of individual outcomes based on national samples.
MicroRNA-194 reciprocally stimulates osteogenesis and inhibits adipogenesis via regulating COUP-TFII expression
Authors: Jeong B-C , Kang I-H , Hwang Y-C , Kim S-H , Koh J-T 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOsteoblasts and adipocytes are differentiated from common mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in processes which are tightly controlled by various growth factors, signaling molecules, transcriptional factors and microRNAs. Recently, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) was identified as a critical regulator of MSC fate. In the present study, we aimed to identify some microRNAs (miR), which target COUP-TFII, and to determine the effects on MSCs fate. During osteoblastic or adipocytic differentiation from MSCs lineage cells, miR-194 expression was found to be reversal. In the cultures of mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 and primary bone marrow stromal cells, osteogenic stimuli increased miR-194 expression with accompanying decreases in COUP-TFII expression, whereas adipogenic stimuli reduced miR-194 expression with accompanying increases in COUP-TFII expression. A luciferase assay with COUP-TFII 3′-untranslated region (UTR) reporter plasmid, including the miR-194 binding sequences, showed that the introduction of miR-194 reduced the luciferase activity. However, it did not affect the activity of mutated COUP-TFII 3′-UTR reporter. Enforced expression of miR-194 significantly enhanced osteoblast differentiation, but inhibited adipocyte differentiation by decreasing COUP-TFII mRNA and protein levels. In contrast, inhibition of the endogenous miR-194 reduced matrix mineralization in the MSCs cultures, promoting the formation of lipid droplets by rescuing COUP-TFII expression. Furthermore, overexpression of COUP-TFII reversed the effects of miR-194 on the cell fates. Taken together, our results showed that miR-194 acts as a critical regulator of COUP-TFII, and can determinate the fate of MSCs to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. This suggests that miR-194 and COUP-TFII may be good target molecules for controlling bone and metabolic diseases.
Revisiting caspases in sepsis
Authors: Aziz M , Jacob A , Wang P 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSepsis is a life-threatening illness that occurs due to an abnormal host immune network which extends through the initial widespread and overwhelming inflammation, and culminates at the late stage of immunosupression. Recently, interest has been shifted toward therapies aimed at reversing the accompanying periods of immune suppression. Studies in experimental animals and critically ill patients have demonstrated that increased apoptosis of lymphoid organs and some parenchymal tissues contributes to this immune suppression, anergy and organ dysfunction. Immediate to the discoveries of the intracellular proteases, caspases for the induction of apoptosis and inflammation, and their striking roles in sepsis have been focused elaborately in a number of original and review articles. Here we revisited the different aspects of caspases in terms of apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis and inflammation and focused their links in sepsis by reviewing several recent findings. In addition, we have documented striking perspectives which not only rewrite the pathophysiology, but also modernize our understanding for developing novel therapeutics against sepsis.