bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing Assessment of Guaiac-Positive and Occult Blood in Preterm Infant Stools
Authors: Carter Brigit M. , Knobel Robin B. 
Published: March 2014

Guaiac testing the stool of very low birth weight (VLBW; <1,500 g) preterm infants has been a standard of care for many neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and considered a diagnostic tool that could potentially provide early warning of gastrointestinal disturbances, feeding intolerance (FI), or necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Evidence to either support or eliminate testing stool for occult blood from standard care practices is lacking. Support to eliminate testing is often based on the knowledge that neonatal treatment interventions—such as gastric tube placement, intubation, and/or suctioning—may often result in occult blood in stools. However, there is also reasonable concern that occult blood may indicate a cascade of pathophysiological events, which may lead to FI and NEC, is in progress.Feeding intolerance remains one of the most consistent reasons VLBW preterm infants experience poor weight gain and extended hospital stays. Every nursing assessment is strategic to the early identification of contributing factors to either the development of FI or NEC. Including low-cost, noninvasive diagnostic tools to augment the findings of the nursing assessment can only help guide health care providers in appropriate decision making related to the feeding plan.
A Stab‐and‐Roll Biopsy Technique to Maintain Gingival Epithelium for Desquamative Gingivitis
Authors: Endo Hiroyasu , Rees Terry D. , Allen Edward P. , Kuyama Kayo , Aoki Shinichiro , Yamamoto Hirotsugu , Ito Takanori 
Published: March 2014

Background: Desquamative gingivitis (DG) is a clinical manifestation common to several diseases. It is known that most cases of DG are caused by mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP), oral lichen planus (OLP), or pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Early recognition and treatment of these diseases can improve the prognosis, but diagnostic delays are common in patients with DG because obtaining a diagnostic biopsy is technically challenging. A biopsy technique designed to maintain the gingival epithelium for patients with DG was developed. The usefulness of this technique is discussed.Methods: This study is based on a retrospective review of 27 DG cases. A stab‐and‐roll technique was used to obtain gingival tissue. This technique is designed to reduce lateral forces on the epithelium during the procedure and to thereby prevent the inadvertent removal of the epithelium from the biopsy specimen. A total of 52 biopsies comprising 27 for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)–stained samples and 25 for direct immunofluorescence (DIF) testing were reviewed.Results: Fifty‐one of the 52 biopsies (98.1%) maintained the epithelium. Only one biopsy (1.9%) showed that the epithelium was totally absent. Therefore, H&E and DIF features of 51 biopsies were analyzed. Definitive diagnoses of the diseases causing DG included MMP (13 cases), PV (eight cases), and OLP (six cases).Conclusions: A diagnostic biopsy was obtained from the gingiva of patients with DG using the stab‐and‐roll technique. The gingival epithelium was well maintained, and the relationship with the underlying connective tissue was diagnostic. In the future, this stab‐and‐roll biopsy technique may facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of diseases causing DG.
The Association of CSF‐1 Gene Polymorphism With Chronic Periodontitis in the Han Chinese Population
Authors: Chen Dong , Zhang Tian‐liang , Wang Li‐ming 
Published: March 2014

Background: Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a multifactorial complex periodontal disease involving immune response, inflammation, alveolar bone resorption, and attachment loss. Colony stimulating factor‐1 (CSF‐1) controls the production, differentiation, and function of macrophages and plays a vital role in the innate immune response to the external microbial infections, suggesting the potential role of CSF‐1 in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The objective of this study is to determine the association of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs333967, rs2297706, and rs1058885 with CP in the Han Chinese population.Methods: Genomic DNA was isolated from buccal epithelial cells obtained from unrelated Chinese participants (440 patients with CP and 324 controls). The SNPs were genotyped by a matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method.Results: Three previously identified SNPs were genotyped in Han Chinese with Shanghai origin, but none of them was statistically significantly associated with CP. However, a T‐C‐G haplotype in male participants showed an observed P value of 4.52E‐08, with an odds ratio of 0.092.Conclusion: None of the individual SNPs among rs333967, rs2297706, and rs1058885 in CSF‐1 was found statistically significantly associated with CP in the Han Chinese population with Shanghai origin, whereas a haplotype T‐C‐G showed an observed statistically significant association with decreased risk of CP susceptibility in males.
Residence Time Distribution in a High Shear Twin Screw Extruder
Authors: Fel E. , Massardier V. , Mélis F. , Vergnes B. , Cassagnau P. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The residence time distributions (RTD) of a high shear twin screw extruder were measured by an on–line UV fluorescence device. First, by increasing throughput (Q) and screw speed (N), a decrease of the complex viscosity of the studied polypropylene (PP) was observed, revealing chain scissions. It was associated to high viscous dissipation taking place during extrusion, and more particularly under high shear conditions. Then the impact of these experimental conditions on the RTD was carried out. As expected, an increase of usual throughputs and screw speeds decrease mostly the RTD characteristic data. In this study industrial rate have been studied: throughput varied from 1.5 up to 22 kg h−1 and screw speed varied from 200 min−1 up to 1 200 min−1. However, by increasing the screw speed over usual values (from 500 up to 1 200 min−1), the variation of some experimental RTD characteristics were unexpected. Indeed, the slope of the shape of the experimental RTD function E(t) changed significantly. This phenomenon will be called lag or delay time. This result was only observed at low throughputs and high screw rotation speeds. To finish, a modeling software of twin screw extrusion process was used to compare experimental and calculated results. For usual processing conditions (up to 700 min−1), the simulation predicts nicely the experimental RTDs. However, at high screw speed (N > 800 min−1) and moderate throughput (Q = 4 kg h−1), the simulation fails to predict the RDT delay time. Hence, some side effects apparently occurred during high shear extrusion at low throughputs.
An Overview of Molten Polymer Drawing Instabilities
Authors: Demay Y. , Agassant J.-F. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Drawing instabilities and rupture are a serious limitation in polymer fibre and film processing. Draw resonance and fibre or film rupture depend on the processing conditions, heat transfer and on the rheology of the polymer and some of these defects may also be encountered for Newtonian fluids. This paper reviews the different instabilities observed in fibre spinning, cast-film and film blowing. The time dependent equations are presented for the simplified situation of constant width cast-film and two modelling strategies, linear stability analysis and direct simulation, are proposed and then applied to the different fibre and film processes.
Central Role of Conventional Dendritic Cells in Regulation of Bone Marrow Release and Survival of Neutrophils
Authors: Jiao Jingjing , Dragomir Ana-Cristina , Kocabayoglu Peri , Rahman Adeeb H. , Chow Andrew , Hashimoto Daigo , Leboeuf Marylene , Kraus Thomas , Moran Thomas , Carrasco-Avino Gonzalo , Friedman Scott L. , Merad Miriam , Aloman Costica 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant cell type in the immune system and play an important role in the innate immune response. Using a diverse range of mouse models with either defective dendritic cell (DC) development or conditional DC depletion, we provide in vivo evidence indicating that conventional DCs play an important role in the regulation of neutrophil homeostasis. Flk2, Flt3L, and Batf3 knockout mice, which have defects in DC development, have increased numbers of liver neutrophils in the steady state. Conversely, neutrophil frequency is reduced in DC-specific PTEN knockout mice, which have an expansion of CD8+ and CD103+ DCs. In chimeric CD11c-DTR mice, conventional DC depletion results in a systemic increase of neutrophils in peripheral organs in the absence of histological inflammation or an increase in proinflammatory cytokines. This effect is also present in splenectomized chimeric CD11c-DTR mice and is absent in chimeric mice with 50% normal bone marrow. In chimeric CD11c-DTR mice, diphtheria toxin treatment results in enhanced neutrophil trafficking from the bone marrow into circulation and increased neutrophil recruitment. Moreover, there is an increased expression of chemokines/cytokines involved in neutrophil homeostasis and reduced neutrophil apoptosis. These data underscore the role of the DC pool in regulating the neutrophil compartment in nonlymphoid organs.
The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Is a Regulator of Epidermal Complement Component Expression and Complement Activation
Authors: Abu-Humaidan Anas H. A. , Ananthoju Nageshwar , Mohanty Tirthankar , Sonesson Andreas , Alberius Per , Schmidtchen Artur , Garred Peter , Sørensen Ole E. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The complement system is activated in response to tissue injury. During wound healing, complement activation seems beneficial in acute wounds but may be detrimental in chronic wounds. We found that the epidermal expression of many complement components was only increased to a minor extent in skin wounds in vivo and in cultured keratinocytes after exposure to supernatant from stimulated mononuclear cells. In contrast, the epidermal expression of complement components was downregulated in ex vivo injured skin lacking the stimulation from infiltrating inflammatory cells but with intact injury-induced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)–mediated growth factor response. In cultured primary keratinocytes, stimulation with the potent EGFR ligand, TGF-α, yielded a significant downregulation of complement component expression. Indeed, EGFR inhibition significantly enhanced the induction of complement components in keratinocytes and epidermis following stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines. Importantly, EGFR inhibition of cultured keratinocytes either alone or in combination with proinflammatory stimulus promoted activation of the complement system after incubation with serum. In keratinocytes treated solely with the EGFR inhibitor, complement activation was dependent on serum-derived C1q, whereas in keratinocytes stimulated with a combination of proinflammatory cytokines and EGFR inhibition, complement activation was found even with C1q-depleted serum. In contrast to human keratinocytes, EGFR inhibition did not enhance complement component expression or cause complement activation in murine keratinocytes. These data demonstrate an important role for EGFR in regulating the expression of complement components and complement activation in human epidermis and keratinocytes and, to our knowledge, identify for the first time a pathway important for the epidermal regulation of complement activation.
Cutting Edge: Committed Th1 CD4+ T Cell Differentiation Blocks Pregnancy-Induced Foxp3 Expression with Antigen-Specific Fetal Loss
Authors: Xin Lijun , Ertelt James M. , Rowe Jared H. , Jiang Tony T. , Kinder Jeremy M. , Chaturvedi Vandana , Elahi Shokrollah , Way Sing Sing 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Pregnancy stimulates induced Foxp3 expression among maternal CD4+ T cells with fetal specificity. Although sustained maternal regulatory CD4+ T cell (Treg) expansion is essential for maintaining fetal tolerance during pregnancy, the necessity for Foxp3+ cells with fetal specificity remains undefined. In this study, we demonstrate that mitigating Treg differentiation among maternal CD4+ T cells with a single surrogate fetal specificity elicits Ag-specific fetal loss. Using recombinant Listeria monocytogenes to prime stably differentiated Th1 CD4+ T cells with fetal I-Ab:2W1S55–68 specificity refractory to pregnancy-induced Foxp3 expression, we show that Ag delivery by cytoplasmic L. monocytogenes causes selective loss of 2W1S+ offspring through CD4 cell– and IFN-γ–dependent pathways. In contrast, CD4+ T cells primed by L. monocytogenes restricted from the cell cytoplasm are markedly more plastic for induced Foxp3 expression, with normal pregnancy outcomes. Thus, committed Th1 polarization blocks pregnancy induced Treg differentiation among maternal CD4+ T cells with fetal specificity and triggers Ag-specific fetal loss.
Evaluation of Model Wheat/Hemp Composites
Authors: Švec Ivan , Hrušková Marie 
Published: March 2014

Model cereal blends were prepared from commercial wheat fine flour and 5 samples of hemp flour (HF), including fine (2 of conventional form, 1 of organic form) and wholemeal type (2 of conventional form). Wheat flour was substituted in 4 levels (5, 10, 15, 20%). HF addition has increased protein content independently on tested hemp flour form or type. Partial model cereal blends could be distinguished according to protein quality (Zeleny test values), especially between fine and wholemeal HF type. Both flour types affected also amylolytic activity, for which a relationship between hemp addition and determined level of Falling Number was confirmed for all five model cereal blends. Solvent retention capacity profiles (SRC) of partial models were influenced by both HF form and type, as well as by its addition level. Between both mentioned groups of quality features, significant correlation were proved - relationships among protein content/quality and lactic acid SRC were verifiable on p <0.01 (-0.58, 0.91, respectively). By performed ANOVA, a possibility to distinguish the HF form used in model cereal blend according to the lactic acid SRC and the water SRC was demonstrated. Comparing partial cereal models containing fine and wholemeal hemp type, HF addition level demonstrated its impact on the sodium carbonate SRC and the water acid SRC.
Babilonia, ida y vuelta: del rey arquitecto al arquitecto rey
Authors: Sanmartín Joaquín 
Published: March 2014

Los (pocos) reyes-arquitecto mesopotámicos que –para acercarse a los dioses– recurrieron al signo DINGIR “estrella” coinciden en un vértice con los (muchos)arquitectos-rey del (post)modernismo: su vocación estelar. El star system de unos y de otros, reyes-arquitecto o arquitectos-rey, tiende sus puentes a través de tres mil y pico de años de historia.
The (few) Mesopotamian architect-kings who -approaching to gods- used the sign DINGIR “star” happen to meet with the (many) king-architects of the (post)modernism in one point: his stellar vocation. The star system of ones and others, architect-kings or king-architects, tend bridges across more than three thousand years of history.
An Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Model of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) Reveals Multiple Expression and Functional Differences in HLHS-Derived Cardiac Myocytes
Authors: Jiang Yan , Habibollah Saba , Tilgner Katarzyna , Collin Joseph , Barta Tomas , Al-Aama Jumana Yousuf , Tesarov Lenka , Hussain Rafiqul , Trafford Andrew W. , Kirkwood Graham , Sernagor Evelyne , Eleftheriou Cyril G. , Przyborski Stefan , Stojković Miodrag , Lako Majlinda , Keavney Bernard , Armstrong Lyle 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a serious congenital cardiovascular malformation resulting in hypoplasia or atresia of the left ventricle, ascending aorta, and aortic and mitral valves. Diminished flow through the left side of the heart is clearly a key contributor to the condition, but any myocardial susceptibility component is as yet undefined. Using recent advances in the field of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we have been able to generate an iPSC model of HLHS malformation and characterize the properties of cardiac myocytes (CMs) differentiated from these and control-iPSC lines. Differentiation of HLHS-iPSCs to cardiac lineages revealed changes in the expression of key cardiac markers and a lower ability to give rise to beating clusters when compared with control-iPSCs and human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). HLHS-iPSC-derived CMs show a lower level of myofibrillar organization, persistence of a fetal gene expression pattern, and changes in commitment to ventricular versus atrial lineages, and they display different calcium transient patterns and electrophysiological responses to caffeine and β-adrenergic antagonists when compared with hESC- and control-iPSC-derived CMs, suggesting that alternative mechanisms to release calcium from intracellular stores such as the inositol trisphosphate receptor may exist in HLHS in addition to the ryanodine receptor thought to function in control-iPSC-derived CMs. Together our findings demonstrate that CMs derived from an HLHS patient demonstrate a number of marker expression and functional differences to hESC/control iPSC-derived CMs, thus providing some evidence that cardiomyocyte-specific factors may influence the risk of HLHS.
Relocalisations autochtones et ethnogenèse missionnaire à la frontière sud des empires ibériques
Authors: Wilde Guillermo , Laugrand Frédéric 
Published: March 2014

Cet article propose une description et une analyse du processus de formation des communautés guaranies à la frontière des empires ibériques au xviie siècle, sur la base d’un nouveau modèle missionnaire introduit par les prêtres de la Compagnie de Jésus. Ledit modèle impliquait la relocalisation de populations originaires de diverses régions durant une période de cent cinquante ans et une concentration des villages de mission (reducciones) qui répondait elle-même à des paramètres économiques, politiques et culturels uniformes. L’auteur analyse d’abord la politique de ségrégation des populations telle qu’elle a été appliquée dans la région et les déplacements de population durant la formation des réductions au cours du xviie siècle, puis il étudie les transformations qui ont résulté de ce processus par rapport à l’organisation politique autochtone qui préexistait. La dernière section de l’article examine les mécanismes de l’actualisation de l’hétérogénéité interne dans les villages missionnaires, en tenant compte de la persistance des anciennes logiques de mobilité, de parenté et de leadership, lesquelles ont été en quelque sorte recyclées durant le processus d’adaptation.
« South camp was our home »
Authors: Dupré Florence 
Published: March 2014

Les déplacements forcés de populations qui sont au coeur des politiques de sédentarisation à l’origine de la création des villes et des villages de l’Arctique canadien, ont eu à partir des années 1950 des conséquences significatives sur l’organisation sociale des groupes inuits. D’une importance majeure dans la construction des identités contemporaines, ils sont aujourd’hui la source de nouveaux déplacements et de stratégies d’occupation et d’appropriation du territoire à l’échelle communautaire et régionale. Cette note de recherche est consacrée à ce que les archives identifient comme la « relocalisation » du camp méridional des îles Belcher (Baie d’Hudson, Nunavut) au nord de l’archipel en 1971. À partir de témoignages de Qikirtamiuts déplacés et de chercheurs engagés dans le processus, l’auteure explore quelques aspects de la genèse et du déroulement de cette « relocalisation » afin de mettre en perspective certaines des dynamiques communautaires contemporaines liées au déplacement des familles.
Modeling ecohydrological impacts of land management and water use in the Silver Creek basin, Idaho
Authors: Loinaz Maria C. , Gross Dayna , Unnasch Robert , Butts Michael , Bauer‐Gottwein Peter 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA number of anthropogenic stressors, including land use change and intensive water use, have caused stream habitat deterioration in arid and semiarid climates throughout the western U.S. These often contribute to high stream temperatures, a widespread water quality problem. Stream temperature is an important indicator of stream ecosystem health and is affected by catchment‐scale climate and hydrological processes, morphology, and riparian vegetation. To properly manage affected systems and achieve ecosystem sustainability, it is important to understand the relative impact of these factors. In this study, we predict relative impacts of different stressors using an integrated catchment‐scale ecohydrological model that simulates hydrological processes, stream temperature, and fish growth. This type of model offers a suitable measure of ecosystem services because it provides information about the reproductive capability of fish under different conditions. We applied the model to Silver Creek, Idaho, a stream highly valued for its world‐renowned trout fishery. The simulations indicated that intensive water use by agriculture and climate change are both major contributors to habitat degradation in the study area. Agricultural practices that increase water use efficiency and mitigate drainage runoff are feasible and can have positive impacts on the ecosystem. All of the mitigation strategies simulated reduced stream temperatures to varying degrees; however, not all resulted in increases in fish growth. The results indicate that temperature dynamics, rather than point statistics, determine optimal growth conditions for fish. Temperature dynamics are influenced by surface water‐groundwater interactions. Combined restoration strategies that can achieve ecosystem stability under climate change should be further explored.
Magnetosheath filamentary structures formed by ion acceleration at the quasi‐parallel bow shock
Authors: Omidi N. , Sibeck D. , Gutynska O. , Trattner K. J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractResults from 2.5‐D electromagnetic hybrid simulations show the formation of field‐aligned, filamentary plasma structures in the magnetosheath. They begin at the quasi‐parallel bow shock and extend far into the magnetosheath. These structures exhibit anticorrelated, spatial oscillations in plasma density and ion temperature. Closer to the bow shock, magnetic field variations associated with density and temperature oscillations may also be present. Magnetosheath filamentary structures (MFS) form primarily in the quasi‐parallel sheath; however, they may extend to the quasi‐perpendicular magnetosheath. They occur over a wide range of solar wind Alfvénic Mach numbers and interplanetary magnetic field directions. At lower Mach numbers with lower levels of magnetosheath turbulence, MFS remain highly coherent over large distances. At higher Mach numbers, magnetosheath turbulence decreases the level of coherence. Magnetosheath filamentary structures result from localized ion acceleration at the quasi‐parallel bow shock and the injection of energetic ions into the magnetosheath. The localized nature of ion acceleration is tied to the generation of fast magnetosonic waves at and upstream of the quasi‐parallel shock. The increased pressure in flux tubes containing the shock accelerated ions results in the depletion of the thermal plasma in these flux tubes and the enhancement of density in flux tubes void of energetic ions. This results in the observed anticorrelation between ion temperature and plasma density.