bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Cutaneous Protothecosis in Mice: Epithelioid Cell Granuloma Formation
Authors: Horiuchi Yasuhiro , Tomizawa Nobuko , Higuchi Iwao , Nagasaka Kouichi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPrototheca wickerhamii, isolated from skin biopsy specimens of a patient with cutaneous protothecosis, were cultured in Sabouraud's medium and inoculated in the skin of 8 ICR albino mice and 3 BALB/c mice. Only in 3 ICR albino mice and 3 BALB/c mice were organisms found in skin tissue, as confirmed by identification of organisms by staining with periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) stain and culture. Histologic findings from affected nodular skin lesions indicated epithelioid cell granuloma and histiocytic cell infiltrates in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
Lyme Borreliosis
Authors: Carlberg Hans , Naito Shuichi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe skin diseases Erythema (chronicum) migrans (ECM, EM), Lymphadenosis benigna cutis (LABC), and Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA) have long been described in northern Eruope, and dermatologists are very familiar with these manifestations, which have been successfully treated with penicillin for about 40 years without the causative agent being known. Certain neurologic symptoms could be linked to tickbites during the 1920's and later also to EM. In 1977, Steere et al. reported a new form of inflammatory arthritis, mainly in school children in the community of Lyme, Connecticut, U.S.A., which they could also associate with preceding erythema and tickbites. Five years later, Burgdorfer was able to isolate Borrelia spirochetes from Ixodes ticks, which are known to be vectors of Lyme disease as well as of EM and ACA. The following year, Borrelia spirochetes were also isolated from Ixodes ticks and from skin lesions of patients in Sweden and Germany. These findings resulted in a large number of reports of new discoveries related to this infection, which is now known under the names of tick‐borne or Lyme borreliosis and, in the U.S., also as Lyme disease or Lyme arthritis. It has proven to be a great imitator disease, mainly through its involvement of the neurological system, and to be far more widespread than previously thought. The full course of the disease is not yet known, however it is clinically, like another spirochetosis, syphilis, divided into early and late stages. Manifestations involve mainly the skin, the joints, the nervous system (Neuroborreliosis), and the heart. Antibiotic treatment is effective, especially in the early stages. Like syphilis, the disease can be self‐healing without treatment.People who are exposed to ticks should be aware of the risk of contracting this disease, also in Japan where Ixodes ticks have been shown to be carriers of Borrelia spirochetes. Cases, particularly of EM, but also with neurological symptoms, have already been diagnosed in Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu.As Lyme borreliosis is now proven to exist in Japan, it is beneficial for dermatologists to know about the various presentations of this disease. This paper will briefly summarize the historical background, the clinical stages, the diagnosis, and the treatment of Lyme borreliosis, with a summary of the present situation in Japan.
Towards a Better Understanding of Cellular Events in Mycosis Fungoides: An Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Tosca Androniki , Ifantis Andreas , Kalmanti Maria , Panagiotopoulos Anthony , Stratigos John 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the present work, we have attempted to pay special attention to epidermal and dermal cellular events in Mycosis fungoides (MF). In the epidermis, the two dendritic cell populations, CD1+ and OKM5+, HLe‐1+, the adhesion molecules OKM5 and DR on the surface of epidermal cells (Ecs), and cytoskeletal proteins were studied. CD1+ dendritic epidermal cells were generally more abundant than OKM5+, HLe‐1+ ones with no interrelationship in their presence. OKM5+, HLe‐1+ dendritic cells prevailed in the second stage plaques. The staining pattern with anti‐spectrin polyclonal antibody gradually presented increased intensity from Pre‐MF to tumor stage. The activation‐proliferation related immunophenotype was also examined, as well as other useful markers, in an attempt to correlate their presence in different stages of MF. Special emphasis was given to the staining pattern with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R) monoclonal antibody against three targets: epidermal, endothelial, and lymphoid cells. The presence of Ki‐67 proliferation marker in suprabasal epidermal layers and lymphoid cells in the dermal infiltrate was also of interest.
A Case of Erythromelanosis Follicularis Faciei with a Unique Distribution
Authors: Seki Taisuke , Takahashi Shozo , Morohashi Masaaki 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA 16‐year‐old Japanese boy with erythromelanosis follicularis faciei (EFF) with an unusual distribution is described. The clinical features of classic EFF consist of reddish‐brown discoloration of the skin with fine follicular hyperkeratosis in the preauricular areas, and occasionally on the temples and the lateral aspects of the neck. The present case is unique in that similar lesions also occurred on the auricles and eyebrows. Both light and electron microscopic findings of the lesions were consistent with the diagnosis of EFF.
Characterization of Circulating Lymphocytes by Monoclonal Antibodies in Donovanosis
Authors: Sehgal Virendra N. , Sharma Hemant K. , Sharma Vinay K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn 65 donovanosis patients, 53 ulcerogranulomatous, 10 hypertrophic, and 2 sclerotic, the hematological profile and quantitation of circulating blood lymphocyte subpopulations were studied with monoclonal antibodies and an indirect immunofluorescence technique to assess the immunological under‐currents of the disease. The ulcerogranulomatous variant had increases in both total leucocyte and absolute lymphocyte counts. Total T‐lymphocytes, CD4, CD8, CD22, and CD4/CD8 ratio were all significantly elevated. The hypertrophic variant, in contrast, showed a significant elevation only in the CD4/CD8 ratio.
Topical Psoralen Photochemotherapy for Atopic Dermatitis: Evaluation of Two Therapeutic Regimens for Inpatients and Outpatients
Authors: Yoshiike Takashi , Sindhvananda Jirot , Aikawa Yosuke , Nakajima Sumino , Ogawa Hideoki 
Published: April 2015

AbstractForty‐seven adolescent and adult patients suffering from long‐standing atopic dermatitis (AD) too severe to respond to conventional therapies were treated with topical psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) and relatively low doses of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. For practicality and convenience, two different therapeutic regimens were implemented; short‐term hospitalization with almost daily irradiation (inpatient group, n=23) and weekly irradiation combined with topical corticosteroids which had failed to manage symptoms before initiating the treatment (outpatient group, n=25). Excellent therapeutic effects were achieved in 72% of the inpatients after 5–38 (mean 18.2) times of irradiation (mean cummulative dose; 44.7 J/cm2). In addition, 56% of outpatients responded excellently to the treatment after 6–22 (mean 13.0) times (mean cummulative dose; 25.8 J/cm2). In fact, 16 of the inpatients and 10 of the outpatients achieved almost complete remission. The duration of remission in these patients was 1–25 months (mean 6.3 months) in the inpatients and 1–6 months (mean 3.0 months) in the outpatients.Peripheral blood eosinophils significantly decreased after the treatments. A follow‐up study showed a delayed decrease in serum IgE levels. In contrast, the specific IgE to house dust antigens and the water holding capacity of stratum corneum did not vary after treatment.
Heterogeneity of Clinical Features of Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum: Analysis of Thirteen Cases in Oita Prefecture from a Population of 1,240,000
Authors: Katagiri Kazumoto , Fujiwara Sakuhei , Shinkai Hiroshi , Takayasu Susumu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThirteen cases among 16,260 patients seen at our department during the nine years from 1981 were diagnosed as pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). The sex and age distributions were similar to those so far reported in the literature. There were two cases of the autosomal dominant type. One patient had skin lesions typical of PXE in association with Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome. In two of three patients with cutis laxa‐like lesions, eruptions of elastosis perforans serpiginosa were present. In three cases, we failed to detect deposition of calcium in typical skin lesions in either an early or a late stage by histochemical staining, in spite of the presence of slightly degenerated elastic fibers.
Normolipemic Papuloeruptive Xanthomatosis in an Infant
Authors: Horiuchi Yasuhiro , Ito Atsushi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA 8‐month‐old boy showed several yellow to brownish yellow, papular and/or nodular eruptions predominately on the face. Initial clinical and histologic findings indicated possible juvenile xanthogranuloma or papular xanthoma. Since his second year, the papulonodular lesions have gradually merged into large confluent plaques, particularly on the face, nape, and axillae. Consequently, it was considered that his condition had terminated in diffuse plane xanthoma. Serum lipid panels showed normolipemia. Finally, a diagnosis of papuloeruptive xanthomatosis with normal lipid metabolism and no associated systemic disorders was made. The patient's papulonodular lesions have continued to involute spontaneously since the age of three.
Development of the Hair in the Rat: In vivo and in Transplanted Tissue
Authors: Kanno Yoshiyuki , Takeda Katsuyuki , Daikoku Shigeo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDifferentiation of the hair was examined in the head skin of rat embryos aged from days 12.5 to 18.5 of gestation.In 12.5‐day‐old embryos, the skin consisted of single layered epidermis and underlying loose connective tissue. On day 17.5 of gestation, the epidermis appeared to have a two or three layered epithelium, and the subepidermal connective tissue gave rise to an overlying dense tissue, into which blood capillaries arose from the deeper layer. The epidermis showed partial thickenings, where basal cells were arranged perpendicular to the surface of the epidermis. Beneath the epidermal thickenings, a number of connective tissue cells appeared to have accumulated and occasionally were accompanied by blood capillaries. In sequential development of the skin, the thickenings protruded as cords to the underlying dermal tissue and formed hair follicles covered with a connective tissue sheath.Skin obtained from 12.5‐day‐old embryos was transplanted singly or with cerebral cortex into the third ventricle of adult male rats. Thirty days after the transplantation, hairs and sebaceous glands had developed from the grafted skin. Hair growth tended to be more prominent in the cotransplanted skin grafts. However, no nerve fibers immunoreactive for substance P or calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) were found in the grafted skin, although these fibers appeared in the dermis at the end of gestation in vivo.These results showed that the skin of 12.5‐day‐old embryos was able to induce hair growth in the third ventricle without accompanying peripheral neuronal fibers or blood capillaries, although the effects of connective tissue cells could not be ruled out
An Ultrastructural Study of the Response of Normal Skin to Epicutaneous Application of Leukotrience B4
Authors: van de Kerkhof Peter C.M. , Peereboom‐Stegeman Jennie H.J. Copius , Boeijen Jennie 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe ultrastructural appearance of normal skin following epicutaneous application of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) was studied using transmission electronmicroscopy.The acute phase (first 24 h) after LTB4 challenge is characterized by extravasation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and endothelial changes such as focal necrosis, formation of fenestrations, gaps, and a multilayered basal lamina.In the ‘late phase’ (24–48 h), the endothelium still possesses many fenestrations and gaps. The density of endothelial cell nuclei is increased, and the relatively large nucleoli and high density of mitochondria are indicative of a hyperactive endothelium. The PMN in this phase show pycnotic nuclei and a vacuolated cytoplasm. Macrophages are observed phagocytosing these degenerating PMN. Monocytes and lymphocytes extravasate without any signs of endothelial or epidermal damage in their vicinity. The mast cells show no degranulation throughout the observation period.
Leukemia Cutis in Acute Myelomonocytic Leukemia: Infiltration to Minor Traumas and Scars
Authors: Koizumi Hiroko , Kumakiri Masanobu , Ishizuka Midori , Ohkawara Akira , Okabe Sanehiro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe describe a patient with acute myelomonocytic leukemia who demonstrated leukemic cell infiltration to scratched wounds and scars from trauma. A 65‐year‐old Japanese woman developed low grade fever, headache and exanthema. Hematology testing disclosed leukocytosis of 95,600/mm3 with 65% monocytes and 9% blast cells. Infiltrated erythema and nodules were disseminated over most of her body. Moreover, linear scratched wounds and traumatic scars were indurated. Skin biopsy showed dense atypical mononuclear cell infiltration with monocytic characteristics.We discuss the possible reasons for the infiltration of leukemia cells into the wounds and scars from trauma.
Diffuse Neonatal Hemangiomatosis with a Giant Cutaneous Hemangioma on the Axilla
Authors: Sayama Koji , Higaki Takashi , Ohtsuka Hisashi , Kobayashi Yuko , Shirakata Yuji , Shiraishi Satoshi , Miki Yoshiharu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA case of diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis is described. At birth, a giant tumor, 10 cm in diameter and 6 cm in height, was present on the left axilla and associated with thrombocytopenia. Numerous cherry‐red papules were present on the skin and buccal mucosa. On the second day of life, the giant tumor was excised. Histological examination of the tissue revealed masses of endothelial cells embedded in fibrous tissues. Plain and enhanced computed tomography of the brain revealed a hemorrhage and two hemangiomas. The associations of intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia were discussed.
Treatment of Vitiligo with Oral 5‐Methoxypsoralen
Authors: Hann Seung Kyung , Cho Moo Yon , Im Sungbin , Park Yoon‐Kee 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThirty‐six patients with vitiligo were treated with oral 5‐methoxypsoralen (5‐MOP) and subsequently exposed to UVA irradiation. The patients were treated once or twice weekly over a period of 2–10 months, taking 40–60 mg of 5‐MOP 2 hours before exposure to UVA light. The amount of exposure to UVA light was slowly increased according to the patient's tolerance.Eleven (31%) patients showed remarkable repigmentation of the areas of vitiligo within six months. Overall, 78% of the patients showed effective repigmentation. Areas of vitiligo on the face and trunk were more responsive to treatment than those on the distal part of limbs. Adverse effects due to the drug included 2 patients with nausea and 1 patient with headache. It is suggested that treatment with systemic 5‐MOP is effective, safe, and useful in selected cases of vitiligo.
Clinical and Immunohistochemical Responses of Plantar Warts to Topical Immunotherapy with Diphenylcyclopropenone
Authors: van der Steen Pieter , van de Kerkhof Peter , der Kinderen Daan , van Vlijmen Ivonne , Happle Rudolf 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA 30‐year‐old man with bilateral plantar warts of the mosaic type which had been resistant to standard treatment modalities was treated with diphenylcyclopropenone. After 10 weeks, the treated warts had disappeared; the untreated warts, although showing some involution, still persisted. The untreated warts, serving as a control to prove the effectiveness of topical immunotherapy, responded likewise to subsequent treatment with diphenylcyclopropenone. Wart regression was reflected histopathologically by decreases in acanthosis, papillomatosis, granular vacuolation, and hyperkeratosis. Immunohistochemically, Ki‐67 expression was markedly reduced, and a reversal of the CD4/CD8 ratio was seen. These findings suggest a major role of a cell‐mediated immune response in the spontaneous resolution of warts.
Recurrent Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma with Expression of Cytokeratin
Authors: Murakami Isamu , Itami Satoshi , Fujiwara Sakuhei , Terashi Hiroto , Kurata Sotaro , Honda Tomohito , Shinkai Hiroshi , Takayasu Susumu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA case of locally recurrent malignant fibrous histiocytoma was documented in a 70‐year‐old man. He first noticed a subcutaneous nodule forty years previously. The tumor was surgically removed four times during the last four years with local recurrence on every occasion. In the recurrent tumors, the tumor cells almost completely replaced the whole dermis and invaded skeletal muscles. They were composed of pleomorphic spindle cells arranged in a storiform pattern and bizarre histiocytic cells, which were present principally in the deeper portions of the tumor. Both types of tumor cells showed marked nuclear atypicality. In the primary tumor, surrounding a large necrotic area, spindle‐shaped cells were arranged in a storiform pattern. These tumor cells exhibited only mild nuclear atypia. The recurrent tumor was strongly positive for vimentin and alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin. Most tumor cells were also weakly positive for KL1, a monoclonal antibody for keratin. A Western‐blot analysis revealed the presence of two bands (62 and 69 Kd) reacting with KL1 in the fractions which were obtained from the tumor according to the method for keratin extraction.
An Electron Microscopic Study of Experimentally‐induced Comedo and Effects of Vitamin A Acid on Comedo Formation
Authors: Maeda Tetsuo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe mechanisms of comedogenesis and comedolysis were investigated at the ultrastructural level after applying oleic acid (OA) only, or oleic acid together with vitamin A acid (VAA), to rabbit ears daily for two weeks.

In the follicular epithelium of the experimentally‐induced comedo (EIC) by OA, several ultrastructural changes similar to those in human comedo were observed. EIC in rabbit ears appeared to be induced both by the hyperkeratinization of the follicular epithelium and by the delayed desquamation of horny cells due to the persistence of intercellular binding apparatus.
VAA strongly inhibited the formation of EIC. In the follicular epithelium, two different types of changes, non‐cohesive hyperkeratinization and inhibition of keratinization, were observed. These represent the cell injury and recovery stages, respectively. VAA induced the disturbance of follicular epithelial keratinization and reduction of intercellular bindings between horny cells. These effects might prevent the cohesion and accumulation of horny cells and inhibit EIC formation.
The number of Odland bodies (Ods) showed an inverse correlation with the cohesion of horny layer. These findings support the theory that Ods have a desquamating function as extracellular lysosomes. The change in Ods would also contribute to both EIC formation by OA and the inhibition by VAA. In addition, VAA caused a characteristic increase in Ods with lamellar structures. It is suggested that Ods with lamellar structures have a desquamating function.
An Immunohistochemical Study of Mixed Tumor of the Skin
Authors: Mohri Shinobu , Andoh Shin'ichiro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAn asymptomatic tumor developed on the upper lip of a 63‐year‐old man. Histologically, the tumor contained glandular and cystic structures forming many branching lumina, and many scattered single cells in an abundant mucoid to chondroid stroma. The tumor was diagnosed as mixed tumor of the skin. Histochemically, the cells composing the tubular structures contained neutral mucopolysaccharides and the stroma, acid mucopolysaccharides. Immunohistochemically, the cells of the glandular and cystic structures showed epithelial and sweat gland differentiation (EMA‐, CEA‐, BRST‐1‐and BRST‐2‐positive), while the cells scattered in the stroma showed a tendency toward myoepithelial differentiation (S‐100 protein‐ and vimentin‐positive).
Modulation of Epidermal Terminal Differentiation in Patients after Long‐term Topical Corticosteroids
Authors: Sheu Hamm‐Ming , Tai Chang‐Long , Kuo Kou‐Wha , Yu Hsin‐Su , Chai Chee‐Yin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe expression of the various markers for terminal epidermal differentiation in atrophic skin of patients after long‐term topical corticosteroids (TCS) was studied by electron microscopy, immunofluorescence using antibody to profilaggrin/filaggrin (PF/FG), immunoperoxidase staining using antibody to involucrin, and oil red O stain for neutral lipids of the stratum corneum. Thirty‐nine patients were subdivided into two groups: (A) 19 patients suffering from rebound phenomenon after stopping TCS and (B) 20 patients without rebound phenomenon. Biopsy specimens were taken before ending the use of TCS in both groups. In group A, both the morphological markers (including the different epidermal strata, keratohyalin granules, lamellar granules, and cornified cell envelopes) and the molecular markers (including involucrin, PF/FG, and neutral lipids) of terminal epidermal differentiation were significantly suppressed. On the other hand, the differentiational markers in the atrophic skin of patients without rebound phenomena were only slightly altered. These results suggest that potent TCS not only has antiproliferative actions but also inhibits the differentiation of epidermis, resulting in structural defects in the epidermis, especially the stratum corneum.
A Pedunculated Follicular Hamartoma: A Case Showing a Central Trichofolliculoma‐like Tumor with Multiple Trichogenic Tumors
Authors: Kato Naoko , Ueno Hiroo 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report a rare case with a pedunculated nodule on the nasal septum, which seems a kind of follicular hamartoma with a pedunculated appearance. Our case was a 77‐year‐old Japanese male with an 11 times 11 times 10 mm sized, skin‐to‐pink colored, pedunculated nodule on the center of his nasal septum. Histopathological study revealed the nodule to be a well‐formed dilated hair follicle at the central pore of the tumor, where keratin debris and vellus hairs were present. In addition, epithelial cells forming long thin strands or immature follicle‐like structures had proliferated multifocally from the epidermis of the wall of the central follicle to the peripheral epidermis. One distinctive feature was the formation of a primary germinal bud with thick concentric collagen fibers and sparse elastic fibers. Although a combined tumor of trichofolliculoma with highly‐graded desmoplasia, multiple trichogenic trichoblastomas, and perifollicular fibromas was suggested, calling it a pedunculated follicular hamartoma seemed more useful because the pathological features were basically similar to reported follicular hamartomas and the clinical feature was so distinctive.
Sclerotic Fibromas of the Skin
Authors: Nogita Toshitatsu , Akiyoshi Emiko , Kawashima Makoto 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe report a case of a 34‐year‐old Japanese woman with a fibrous tumor on the left palm that fulfilled the criteria of sclerotic fibroma of the skin. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, but negative for S‐100 protein and neuron‐specific enolase. Ultra‐structurally, the cross‐striations of collagen microfibrils were less prominent. Our case supports the concept that sclerotic fibroma of the skin is a distinctive lesion which may represent a hamartoma of the skin.