bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo tau imaging: Obstacles and progress
Authors: Villemagne Victor L. , Okamura Nobuyuki 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe military conflicts of the last decade have highlighted the growing problem of traumatic brain injury in combatants returning from the battlefield. The considerable evidence pointing at the accumulation of tau aggregates and its recognition as a risk factor in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease have led to a major effort to develop selective tau ligands that would allow research into the physiopathologic underpinnings of traumatic brain injury and chronic traumatic encephalopathy in military personnel and the civilian population. These tracers will allow new insights into tau pathology in the human brain, facilitating research into causes, diagnosis, and treatment of traumatic encephalopathy and major neurodegenerative dementias, such as Alzheimer's disease and some variants of frontotemporal lobar degeneration, in which tau plays a role. The field of selective tau imaging has to overcome several obstacles, some of them associated with the idiosyncrasies of tau aggregation and others related to radiotracer design. A worldwide effort has focused on the development of imaging agents that will allow selective tau imaging in vivo. Recent progress in the development of these tracers is enabling the noninvasive assessment of the extent of tau pathology in the brain, eventually allowing the quantification of changes in tau pathology over time and its relation to cognitive performance, brain volumetrics, and other biomarkers, as well as assessment of efficacy and patient recruitment for antitau therapeutic trials.
The disease intersection of susceptibility and exposure: Chemical exposures and neurodegenerative disease risk
Authors: Tanner Caroline M. , Goldman Samuel M. , Ross G. Webster , Grate Stephen J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAlzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and motor neuron disease, the most common of the late‐life neurodegenerative disorders, are in most cases thought to have complex etiologies. Common features among these disorders include insidious onset, pathological findings of protein aggregates and selected neuronal degeneration, and resulting characteristic clinical syndromes. The number of elders in the United States, including aging veterans, is increasing. Investigation of causes and preventive interventions for neurodegenerative disorders is increasingly relevant. Recent epidemiological and laboratory studies suggest that exposures years or decades before diagnosis can trigger the processes that ultimately result in a neurodegenerative disease. If this is correct, preventive measures may be needed in midlife or earlier. This article will focus on putative risk factors relevant to military service.
How does technological diversity in supplier network drive buyer innovation? Relational process and contingencies
Authors: Gao Gerald Yong , Xie En , Zhou Kevin Zheng 
Published: June 2014

AbstractExternal networks provide important knowledge sources of innovation for firms. Drawing on social network theory, this study examines how technological diversity in supplier network influences a focal buyer firm's innovation. The results from a survey of 202 Chinese manufacturing firms and their supplier networks reveal that novel information sharing partially mediates the effect of technological diversity in supplier network on buyer firms’ new product creativity. The positive effect of technological diversity is enhanced by buyer–supplier relational strength but inhibited by supplier network density; competitive intensity positively moderates this effect, and technological turbulence negatively moderates it. These findings provide novel insights into how buyer firms can use their supplier networks to enhance product innovation.
Spectrum of cyanotic congenital heart disease diagnosed by echocardiographic evaluation in patients attending paediatric cardiology clinic of a tertiary cardiac care centre
Authors: Patra Soumya , Rama Sastry Usha M. K. , Mahimaiha J. , Subramanian Anand P. , Shankarappa Ravindranath K. , Nanjappa Manjunath C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground:Cyanotic CHD comprises up to 25% of cases of all causes of CHD.Rationale:There is lack of data about the present spectrum of congenital cyanotic heart disease in the paediatric age group.Objective:The present study was undertaken to determine the spectrum of patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease in the paediatric age group in tertiary paediatric cardiac care clinic.Design:Prospective observational study.Setting:Paediatric cardiac clinic of a tertiary cardiac care centre.Methods:All children aged 0–18 years with suspected cyanotic CHD were provisionally included in this study. They underwent a thorough echocardiographic evaluation, and those patients who had definitive diagnosis of congenital cyanotic heart disease were included for final analysis.Results:A total of 119 children met the inclusion criteria. Tetralogy of Fallot and its variant were the most common congenital cyanotic heart disease with proportion of about 44%. Other common malformations were double outlet right ventricle (14%), pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (8%), total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (7%), d-transposition of the great arteries (9%), tricuspid valve anomalies − tricuspid atresia and Ebstein’s anomaly − hypoplastic left-heart syndrome, truncus arteriosus, and complex CHD such as single ventricle.Conclusion:Tetralogy of Fallot and its variants were the most common cyanotic heart disease diagnosed in our patients. As there were a significant proportion of cases with complex cyanotic CHD, paediatric cardiologists should be familiar with the diagnosis and management of all these complex congenital malformations of the heart.
Short-term renal support in postoperative repair of tetralogy of Fallot in the paediatric intensive care unit: can we predict those who need it?
Authors: Griksaitis Michael J. , Kemp Rebekah R. , Dyer Robert J. , Gnanapragasam James P. , Viola Nicola , Macintosh Iain , Sykes Kim 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIntroductionFluid balance and renal function can be difficult to manage in the postoperative infant with tetralogy of Fallot. High fluid volumes are often needed to maintain cardiac output.AimsTo stratify patients at risk for advanced renal support following tetralogy of Fallot repair.MethodsRetrospective analysis of all consecutive tetralogy of Fallot cases operated at a single centre in a 3-year period.ResultsA total of 41 children were identified. All cases had loop diuretics administered. Of the cases, 17% required support with a peritoneal dialysis catheter, with only one complication of peritoneal dialysis catheter blockage. The mean length of paediatric intensive care unit stay in those receiving peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion was prolonged by an additional mean of 6 days (p<0.001). No statistical significance was found between those children requiring peritoneal dialysis and those who did not when considering patient age and weight at time of repair, cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross clamp times, the presence of a transannular patch, or junctional ectopic tachycardia. However, volume requirement of more than 35 ml/kg in the first 12 hours following repair did increase the likelihood to need peritoneal dialysis (p<0.0001). Furthermore, the higher the peak creatinine, the longer the stay on intensive care (p<0.01).ConclusionsPeritoneal dialysis is an effective method of dealing with fluid balance in children after tetralogy of Fallot repair, with minimal complications. Early consideration should be given to peritoneal dialysis when it is clear that high fluid volumes are required postoperatively.
Psychosocial Framework for Understanding Psychological Distress Among Survivors of the November 26, 2008 Mumbai Terror Attack: Beyond Traumatic Experiences and Emergency Medical Care
Authors: Joseph Jacquleen , Jaswal Surinder 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe field of “Public Health in Disasters and Complex Emergencies” is replete with either epidemiological studies or studies in the area of hospital preparedness and emergency care. The field is dominated by hospital-based or emergency phase-related literature, with very little attention on long-term health and mental health consequences. The social science, or the public mental health perspective, too, is largely missing. It is in this context that the case report of the November 26, 2008 Mumbai terror attack survivors is presented to bring forth the multi-dimensional and dynamic long-term impacts, and their consequences for psychological well-being, two years after the incident. Based on literature, the report formulates a theoretical framework through which the lived experiences of the survivors is analyzed and understood from a social science perspective.This report is an outcome of the ongoing work with the survivors over a period of two years. A mixed methodology was used. It quantitatively captures the experience of 231 families following the attack, and also uses a self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ), SRQ20, to understand the psychological distress. In-depth qualitative case studies constructed from the process records and in-depth interviews focus on lived experiences of the survivors and explain the patterns emerging from the quantitative analysis.This report outlines the basic profile of the survivors, the immediate consequences of the attack, the support received, psychological consequences, and the key factors contributing to psychological distress. Through analysis of the key factors and the processes emerging from the lived experiences that explain the progression of vulnerability to psychological distress, this report puts forth a psychosocial framework for understanding psychological distress among survivors of the November 26, 2008 Mumbai terror attack.JosephJ,JaswalS.Psychosocial framework for understanding psychological distress among survivors of the November 26, 2008 Mumbai terror attack: beyond traumatic experiences and emergency medical care.Prehosp Disaster Med.2014;29(3):1-8.
Quantitative Assessment of the Relationship Between Cellular Morphodynamics and Signaling Events by Stochastic Analysis of Fluorescent Images
Authors: Maulucci Giuseppe , Maiorana Alessandro , Papi Massimiliano , Pani Giovambattista , De Spirito Marco 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCell motility involves a number of strategies that cells use in order to seek nutrients, escape danger, and fulfill morphogenetic roles. Here we present a methodology to quantify morphological changes and their relationship with signaling events from time-lapse imaging microscopy experiments, in order to characterize physiological and pathological processes. To this aim, the stationary spatial pattern of signaling events is determined through an intracellular fluorescent probe, and it is related with the frequency and entity of morphodynamic events, which are in turn quantified through a stochastic approach: two pseudoimages are obtained from a time series of moving cells that describe the probability that a pixel belongs to the cell, and the probability that a pixel is subject to a dynamic event. The simultaneous construction of these maps permits visualization of hot spots of dynamic events, i.e., zones of formation of membrane protrusions and retractions and their relationship with the signaling events reported by the specific probe employed. The method is tested on spontaneous movement of cells, trasfected with redox-sensitive yellow fluorescent protein, in which the distribution of the hot spots and its change upon expression of constitutively active Rac (V12-Rac), is related to the distribution of oxidized spots.
The political economy of special economic zones
Authors: MOBERG LOTTA 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis paper is a first attempt to apply a robust political economy framework to explain when Special Economic Zones (SEZs) can contribute to economic development. A robust political economy is one that channels the actions of self-interested individuals with limited information to promote economic progress. In the right institutional context, SEZs tend to promote economic growth. In the wrong institutional context, they can cause resource misallocation and rent-seeking. Policy makers introducing SEZs must overcome the knowledge problem to avoid misdirected economic planning. Yet, the scheme can only fulfill its purpose if it also prevents destructive rent-seeking behavior, both from businesses and from government authorities. The political economy framework of SEZs can be applied to judge their potential efficacy, something that orthodox studies of country features such as natural resources, infrastructure, and zone location fail to do. The Indian and Chinese experiences with SEZs illustrate these points.
Magnetosome-containing bacteria living as symbionts of bivalves
Authors: Dufour Suzanne C , Laurich Jason R , Batstone Rebecca T , McCuaig Bonita , Elliott Alexander , Poduska Kristin M 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Bacteria containing magnetosomes (protein-bound nanoparticles of magnetite or greigite) are common to many sedimentary habitats, but have never been found before to live within another organism. Here, we show that octahedral inclusions in the extracellular symbionts of the marine bivalve Thyasira cf. gouldi contain iron, can exhibit magnetic contrast and are most likely magnetosomes. Based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis, T. cf. gouldi symbionts group with symbiotic and free-living sulfur-oxidizing, chemolithoautotrophic gammaproteobacteria, including the symbionts of other thyasirids. T. cf. gouldi symbionts occur both among the microvilli of gill epithelial cells and in sediments surrounding the bivalves, and are therefore facultative. We propose that free-living T. cf. gouldi symbionts use magnetotaxis as a means of locating the oxic–anoxic interface, an optimal microhabitat for chemolithoautotrophy. T. cf. gouldi could acquire their symbionts from near-burrow sediments (where oxic–anoxic interfaces likely develop due to the host’s bioirrigating behavior) using their superextensile feet, which could transfer symbionts to gill surfaces upon retraction into the mantle cavity. Once associated with their host, however, symbionts need not maintain structures for magnetotaxis as the host makes oxygen and reduced sulfur available via bioirrigation and sulfur-mining behaviors. Indeed, we show that within the host, symbionts lose the integrity of their magnetosome chain (and possibly their flagellum). Symbionts are eventually endocytosed and digested in host epithelial cells, and magnetosomes accumulate in host cytoplasm. Both host and symbiont behaviors appear important to symbiosis establishment in thyasirids.
Performing private database queries in a real-world environment using a quantum protocol
Authors: Chan Philip , Lucio-Martinez Itzel , Mo Xiaofan , Simon Christoph , Tittel Wolfgang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn the well-studied cryptographic primitive 1-out-of-Noblivious transfer, a user retrieves a single element from a database of sizeNwithout the database learning which element was retrieved. While it has previously been shown that a secure implementation of 1-out-of-Noblivious transfer is impossible against arbitrarily powerful adversaries, recent research has revealed an interesting class of private query protocols based on quantum mechanics in a cheat sensitive model. Specifically, a practical protocol does not need to guarantee that the database provider cannot learn what element was retrieved if doing so carries the risk of detection. The latter is sufficient motivation to keep a database provider honest. However, none of the previously proposed protocols could cope with noisy channels. Here we present a fault-tolerant private query protocol, in which the novel error correction procedure is integral to the security of the protocol. Furthermore, we present a proof-of-concept demonstration of the protocol over a deployed fibre.
An unexpected twist to the activation of IKKβ: TAK1 primes IKKβ for activation by autophosphorylation
Authors: Zhang Jiazhen , Clark Kristopher , Lawrence Toby , Peggie Mark W. , Cohen Philip 
Published: June 2014

IKKβ {IκB [inhibitor of NF-κB (nuclear factor κB)] kinase β} is required to activate the transcription factor NF-κB, but how IKKβ itself is activated in vivo is still unclear. It was found to require phosphorylation by one or more ‘upstream’ protein kinases in some reports, but by autophosphorylation in others. In the present study, we resolve this contro-versy by demonstrating that the activation of IKKβ induced by IL-1 (interleukin-1) or TNF (tumour necrosis factor) in embryonic fibroblasts, or by ligands that activate Toll-like receptors in macrophages, requires two distinct phosphorylation events: first, the TAK1 [TGFβ (transforming growth factor β)-activated kinase-1]-catalysed phosphorylation of Ser177 and, secondly, the IKKβ-catalysed autophosphorylation of Ser181. The phosphorylation of Ser177 by TAK1 is a priming event required for the subsequent autophosphorylation of Ser181, which enables IKKβ to phosphorylate exogenous substrates. We also provide genetic evidence which indicates that the IL-1-stimulated, LUBAC (linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex)-catalysed formation of linear ubiquitin chains and their interaction with the NEMO (NF-κB essential modulator) component of the canonical IKK complex permits the TAK1-catalysed priming phosphorylation of IKKβ at Ser177 and IKKα at Ser176. These findings may be of general significance for the activation of other protein kinases.
Research on the visibility of low‐orbit debris using space‐borne radar
Authors: Zhao Huipeng , Fu Xiongjun , Gao Meiguo , Ding Shuai 
Published: June 2014

Space debris with size larger than 1 cm poses a threat to spacecraft. Recently, space debris surveillance, tracking and early warning become far more urgent than ever before owing to the explosive growth of the number of debris. At the base of these problems is how to determine the visibility of debris to observation equipment, which will be discussed in this study. The statistics related to the orbital altitude, inclination and eccentricity of space debris are presented first, and then the principles of orbital parameter design of the space‐borne radar (SBR) are given. Next, systemic parameters of SBR, such as wavelength, antenna type, are determined upon the observation aim. Detectable debris subset is preliminarily selected in accordance with some constraints. At last, based on the simplified general perturbations (SGP4) model, the range and velocity vectors of debris to SBR at specific time are calculated. Another expression form of relative position between debris and radar, range, azimuth and elevation (RAE) course is obtained by means of coordinate rotation which can be accomplished by directing projection or rotational matrix. The RAE data guide file can be used to carry on guidance tracking. Furthermore, the conversion accuracy of two different coordinate transformation methods is also analysed.
Contribution to study of heat transfer and fluid flow during GTA welding
Authors: Koudadje Koffi , Delalondre Clarisse , Médale Marc , Carpreau Jean-Michel 
Published: June 2014

In this paper, the effect of surface-active elements especially sulfur on weld pool shape has been reported. In our contribution, we analyze the influence of the weld pool chemical composition (Mn, Si, …), welding energy, sulphur gradient and electromagnetic effect.
The computed results are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental results, indicating the validity of the modeling approach.
Efficient Geometry and Data Handling for Large-Scale Monte Carlo – Thermal-Hydraulics Coupling
Authors: Eduard Hoogenboom J. 
Published: June 2014

Detailed coupling of thermal-hydraulics calculations to Monte Carlo reactor criticality calculations requires each axial layer of each fuel pin to be defined separately in the input to the Monte Carlo code in order to assign to each volume the temperature according to the result of the TH calculation, and if the volume contains coolant, also the density of the coolant. This leads to huge input files for even small systems. In this paper a methodology for dynamical assignment of temperatures with respect to cross section data is demonstrated to overcome this problem. The method is implemented in MCNP5.
The method is verified for an infinite lattice with 3x3 BWR-type fuel pins with fuel, cladding and moderator/coolant explicitly modeled. For each pin 60 axial zones are considered with different temperatures and coolant densities. The results of the axial power distribution per fuel pin are compared to a standard MCNP5 run in which all 9x60 cells for fuel, cladding and coolant are explicitly defined and their respective temperatures determined from the TH calculation. Full agreement is obtained.
For large-scale application the method is demonstrated for an infinite lattice with 17x17 PWR-type fuel assemblies with 25 rods replaced by guide tubes. Again all geometrical detailed is retained. The method was used in a procedure for coupled Monte Carlo and thermal-hydraulics iterations. Using an optimised iteration technique, convergence was obtained in 11 iteration steps.
Effect of the Target Motion Sampling Temperature Treatment Method on the Statistics and Performance
Authors: Viitanen Tuomas , Leppänen Jaakko 
Published: June 2014

Target Motion Sampling (TMS) is a stochastic on-the-fly temperature treatment technique that is being developed as a part of the Monte Carlo reactor physics code Serpent. The method provides for modeling of arbitrary temperatures in continuous-energy Monte Carlo tracking routines with only one set of cross sections stored in the computer memory.
Previously, only the performance of the TMS method in terms of CPU time per transported neutron has been discussed. Since the effective cross sections are not calculated at any point of a transport simulation with TMS, reaction rate estimators must be scored using sampled cross sections, which is expected to increase the variances and, consequently, to decrease the figures-of-merit. This paper examines the effects of the TMS on the statistics and performance in practical calculations involving reaction rate estimation with collision estimators.
Against all expectations it turned out that the usage of sampled response values has no practical effect on the performance of reaction rate estimators when using TMS with elevated basis cross section temperatures (EBT), i.e. the usual way. With 0 Kelvin cross sections a significant increase in the variances of capture rate estimators was observed right below the energy region of unresolved resonances, but at these energies the figures-of-merit could be increased using a simple resampling technique to decrease the variances of the responses. It was, however, noticed that the usage of the TMS method increases the statistical deviances of all estimators, including the flux estimator, by tens of percents in the vicinity of very strong resonances. This effect is actually not related to the usage of sampled responses, but is instead an inherent property of the TMS tracking method and concerns both EBT and 0 K calculations.