bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Translating research knowledge in dementia care organisations
Authors: Alyami Hussain , Peri Kathy , Vanderpyl Jane , Cheung Gary 
Published: October 2015

Objective: To evaluate dementia care organisations’ capacity to acquire, assess, adapt and apply dementia research. Methods: We used the Canadian Health Services Research Foundation’s survey, ‘Is research working for you?’ by inviting the members of the New Zealand National Dementia Cooperative to participate in the online survey. Results: A total of 146 (32%) members responded and indicated that, although the workforce had the skills to engage in research and implement evidence into practice, there was limited organisational support in terms of the time, resources and access to external support. Conclusions: We propose a number of strategies to improve knowledge translation in dementia care.
Acceptability of RPG Simulators for Foreign Language Training in Japanese Higher Education
Authors: Franciosi Stephan J. 
Published: October 2015

Background Role-playing game (RPG)/simulators for language and cultural training present an innovative foreign language (FL) instructional approach used in military and governmental contexts in the United States. Currently, developers of such RPGs may be seeking to expand into civilian applications for FL instruction, but the acceptance in potentially worthwhile markets such as Japanese higher education is uncertain. Purpose The purpose of this acceptability study was to better understand the possible interest in Japan by exploring the perceptions of RPG/simulators among FL faculty in Japanese higher education. Method The present study was grounded in Everett Rogers’ theory of the Diffusion of Innovation and applied mixed methods to examine the perceived attributes of relative advantage, compatibility, and complexity that FL faculty hold with regard to the new technology. Results The results indicate that many FL faculty members perceive a beneficial impact on learner motivation, but are also unconvinced that such systems produce real outcomes. Educators also believe that RPG simulators would require an excessive amount of time to implement unless they are used as supplemental material. Finally, FL faculty members with a research interest in Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) are more likely to have positive perspectives of RPG/simulators’ relative advantage and compatibility than instructors with other research interests.
Faecal consistency and risk factors for diarrhoea and constipation in cats in UK rehoming shelters
Authors: German Allison C , Cunliffe Nigel A , Morgan Kenton L 
Published: October 2015

Objectives The aim of the study was to describe faecal consistency, prevalence and risk factors for diarrhoea and constipation in a rescue cat population. Methods Faecal samples in litter trays from a stratified random sample of cats in pens at 25 UK rehoming centres were scored for consistency in two discrete time periods, summer and winter. A six-point scale was used, with diarrhoea ⩽3, severe diarrhoea ⩽2 and constipation as 6. The effect on faecal consistency of age, number of cats per pen and season was investigated using multivariable hierarchical logistic regression with centre and pen as random effects. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to estimate the effect of pen and centre. Results Overall, 11.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]:10.4–13.7) of cats had diarrhoea, 2.4% (95% CI 1.6–3.7) had severe diarrhoea and 5.6% (95% CI 4.2–7.5) were constipated. The prevalence of diarrhoea (median 11.0%, interquartile range [IQR] 5.0–14.5%) and constipation (median 4.2%, IQR 1.8–5.9) varied at the centre level. Diarrhoea was associated with being a kitten (odds ratio [OR] 2.54, 95% CI 1.45–4.46; P = 0.001) and being in a multi-cat pen (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.04–1.48; P = 0.02) but not with season (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.55–1.77; P = 0.96). Severe diarrhoea was associated with senior cats (OR 4.66, 95% CI 1.25–17.44; P = 0.02). Constipation was associated with increasing age (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1.00–1.01; P = 0.02) and winter (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.21–0.89; P = 0.02). Both diarrhoea and constipation showed moderate correlation with pens within a centre. Conclusions and relevance From IQRs, we suggest acceptable levels for diarrhoea and constipation of 11% and 4%, respectively, targets of 5% and 2%, and intervention at 15% and 6%. Increasing age was associated with decreased risk of diarrhoea and increased risk of constipation. However, severe diarrhoea was associated with being a senior cat. Season (winter) was a risk factor for constipation; multi-cat pens were a risk factor for diarrhoea. Describing the prevalence and risk factors for diarrhoea and constipation in cats will assist their management in this population. Understanding and managing constipation may be more important than interventions to reduce severe diarrhoea.
The Relationship Between the Serum Level of Vitamin D and Vitiligo
Authors: Khurrum Huma , AlGhamdi Khalid M. 
Published: October 2015

Background: Low vitamin D levels have been associated with several autoimmune diseases. Vitiligo could be associated with low vitamin D levels. Objective: To determine the level of serum vitamin D in vitiligo patients compared to controls and reveal the possible association of vitamin levels with the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Patients and Methods: A case-controlled study was conducted. After excluding factors that may affect serum vitamin D levels, blood samples were taken from vitiligo patients and controls. The association between vitamin D levels and various vitiligo subgroups (duration of vitiligo, site of onset, age, etc) was measured and correlated. Results: A total of 150 vitiligo patients, 90 (60%) males with a mean age of 30.6 ± 11.4 years, were recruited. The study also had 150 age- and gender-matched vitiligo-free control subjects. There was no significant difference in median serum vitamin D levels between the cases and the controls ( P = .25). The serum levels of vitamin D of the vitiligo patients were found to be lower in males ( P = .01), the younger age group ( P = .01), and patients not treated with ultraviolet (UV) treatment ( P = .01). Conclusion: There is no difference between the vitamin D levels of the vitiligo patients and the control subjects. However, deficiency of 25(OH)D levels within the vitiligo subgroups may be linked to younger age, male gender, short duration of vitiligo, and non-use of phototherapy.
Trends in Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer (Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinoma) in Canada
Authors: Abbas Mariam , Kalia Sunil 
Published: October 2015

Background: Despite its increased incidence and status as the most prevalent cancer in Canada, there is a paucity of epidemiological data on non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). Objective: To assess trends of keratinocyte carcinomas (KC) in Canada over 5 decades. Methods: Articles published from 1960 to 2015 on NMSC in Canada were identified through MEDLINE. Six articles met our search criteria. Results: Overall, KC has increased. However, the rate of increase in the past decade has slowed down and decreased in younger age cohorts. Men had higher incidences of KC. In both sexes, the basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma ratio was ≥2.5:1. Keratinocyte carcinomas were most commonly located on the head and neck, and increasing rates are occurring on the trunk. Limitations: The methods of registering skin cancer cases vary among different provinces. Conclusion: Keratinocyte carcinomas incidence is overall increasing; however, there may be evidence that the incidence is leveling off and decreasing in younger age cohorts.
Relevance of asymptomatic spinal MRI lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Zecca C , Disanto G , Sormani MP , Riccitelli GC , Cianfoni A , Del Grande F , Pravatà E , Gobbi C 
Published: October 2015

Background: The impact of new asymptomatic spinal cord lesions (a-SL) in multiple sclerosis (MS) course is poorly characterized. Objective: The objective of this research paper is to assess the prognostic value of a-SL in predicting MS course. Methods: Relapsing–remitting MS patients who received serial MRI (brain and spinal) at baseline (t1) and within 12 to 36 months (t2) during clinical stability, and had a follow-up (t2–t3) ⩾24 months were included. Relapses and disability progression were evaluated between t2 and t3. Results: Of 413 consecutive screened MS patients, 103 patients (65 females, median age 43 years) were included. After a median t1–t2 interval of 17 (IQR 13–26) months, 25.2% and 43.7% patients had ⩾1 new a-SL (a-SL+) and asymptomatic brain lesions (a-BL+), respectively. Relapse risk between t2 and t3 (median interval: 42 (IQR 32–57.5) months) was significantly increased in a-SL+ and/or a-BL+ vs a-BL– and a-SL– (HR = 2.31, 95% CI = 1.13–4.72, p = 0.02). No differences in the risk of disability progression were found in a-SL+ and/or a-BL+ vs a-SL- and a-BL–. Conclusion: a-SL occur in one-quarter of clinically stable RRMS, and combined with a-BL contribute significantly in predicting future disease course.
Dimethyl fumarate selectively reduces memory T cells in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Longbrake Erin E , Ramsbottom Michael J , Cantoni Claudia , Ghezzi Laura , Cross Anne H , Piccio Laura 
Published: October 2015

Background: Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) alters the phenotype of circulating immune cells and causes lymphopenia in a subpopulation of treated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Objective: To phenotypically characterize circulating leukocytes in DMF-treated MS patients. Methods: Cross-sectional observational comparisons of peripheral blood from DMF-treated MS patients ( n = 17 lymphopenic and n = 24 non-lymphopenic), untreated MS patients ( n = 17) and healthy controls ( n = 23); immunophenotyped using flow cytometry. Longitudinal samples were analyzed for 13 DMF-treated patients. Results: Lymphopenic DMF-treated patients had significantly fewer circulating CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, CD56dim natural killer (NK) cells, CD19+ B cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells when compared to controls. CXCR3+ and CCR6+ expression was disproportionately reduced among CD4+ T cells, while the proportion of T-regulatory (T-reg) cells was unchanged. DMF did not affect circulating CD56hi NKcells, monocytes or myeloid dendritic cells. Whether lymphopenic or not, DMF-treated patients had a lower proportion of circulating central and effector memory T cells and concomitant expansion of naïve T cells compared to the controls. Conclusions: DMF shifts the immunophenotypes of circulating T cells, causing a reduction of memory cells and a relative expansion of naïve cells, regardless of the absolute lymphocyte count. This may represent one mechanism of action of the drug. Lymphopenic patients had a disproportionate loss of CD8+ T-cells, which may affect their immunocompetence.
Intermediate and Long-Term Outcomes of the Modified Brostrom-Evans Procedure for Lateral Ankle Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Hsu Andrew R. , Ardoin G. Troy , Davis W. Hodges , Anderson Robert B. 
Published: October 2015

Background. This case series evaluated the clinical and functional outcomes of patients with lateral ankle instability treated with a primary modified Brostrom-Evans. Methods. Nineteen patients who underwent the modified Brostrom-Evans procedure for lateral ankle instability with a minimum follow-up of 5 years were reviewed. Physical exams were performed and weight-bearing ankle radiographs taken at final follow-up. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Foot Function Index (FFI), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. Functional outcomes were assessed using a goniometer for ankle range of motion (ROM) and dynamometer for ankle strength compared to the non-operative extremity. Results. Average age at time of surgery was 34 ± 11 years (range 17-58 years) and average follow-up was 8.7 ± 2.8 years (range 5.1-15.4 years). At final follow-up, average total SF-36 and FFI scores were 83 ± 18 and 11% ± 18%, respectively. Average VAS at rest was 1 ± 1 and during activities 2 ± 2. There were no significant differences in ankle eversion ROM or strength between operative and non-operative extremities. Ankle eversion strength in operative extremities was 91 ± 12% of non-operative ankles. Ankle ROM was similar in all planes except for a 41% decrease in ankle inversion in surgically treated extremities compared to the contralateral side (p = .01). Conclusions. Patients treated with the modified Brostrom-Evans procedure for lateral ankle ligament reconstruction have minimal loss of peroneal strength, decreased inversion ROM, and no recurrent instability or progressive symptomatic subtalar arthritis requiring re-operation at long-term follow-up. Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Retrospective case series
Achilles Tendon Repair in Obese Patients Is Associated With Increased Complication Rates
Authors: Burrus M. Tyrrell , Werner Brian C. , Park Joseph S. , Perumal Venkat , Cooper M. Truit 
Published: October 2015

Objective. The objective of the present study is to utilize a national database to examine the association between obesity and postoperative complications after primary Achilles tendon repair. Methods. The PearlDiver database was queried for patients undergoing primary Achilles repair using CPT 27650. Excision of a Haglund’s deformity or tendon transfer were exclusion criteria. Patients were then divided into obese (body mass index [BMI] > 30 kg/m2) and nonobese (BMI < 30 kg/m2) cohorts using ICD-9 codes. Complications within 90 days postoperatively were assessed using ICD-9 and CPT codes. Results. In all, 18 948 patients who underwent primary Achilles tendon repair were identified from 2005 to 2012. Overall, 2962 patients (15.6%) were coded as obese or morbidly obese. Obese patients had significantly higher rates of postoperative wound complications (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1; P < .0001), infection (OR = 1.8; P < .0001), venous thromboembolism (VTE; OR = 1.8; P = .001), and medical complications (OR = 3.9; P < .0001) compared with nonobese patients after primary Achilles tendon repair. Additionally, obese patients had a significantly lower rate of ankle stiffnesassociated with a significantly higher risk of s (OR = 0.4; P < .0001) compared with nonobese patients. Conclusion. Obesity is associated with a significantly higher risk of wound complications, infection, VTE, and medical complications after primary Achilles tendon repair. Levels of Evidence: Prognostic, Level II: Retrospective study
Bone Marrow Edema Syndrome of the Foot and Ankle
Authors: Singh Dishan , Ferrero Andrea , Rose Barry , Goldberg Andrew , Cullen Nicholas 
Published: October 2015

Bone marrow edema syndrome (BMES) is a condition characterized by pain and an increase interstitial fluid within the bone marrow in the absence of a definable cause. The purpose of this study was to assess the changes in the pattern of bone edema and quality of pain over time. In patients diagnosed with BMES of the foot and ankle, we investigated the benefit of treatment with bisphosphonates and immobilization in a pneumatic walking boot compared with immobilization in a boot alone. This study is a retrospective review of 18 consecutive patients (mean age 54 years) diagnosed with foot and ankle BMES. Twelve (67%) patients were female and 6 were male with a mean age of 60.1 and 43.0 years, respectively (P < .05). The minimum follow-up was 2 years (range 2-11 years, mean 5.75 years). Five females and no males were found to suffer from generalized osteoporosis. The average duration of symptoms prior to presentation was 22 weeks and the most common bone affected was the talus (56%). More than one bone was affected in 8 (44%) patients. All patients were given a walking boot at first attendance for 8 weeks. The mean time to resolution of pain in patients treated with a pneumatic walker alone (7 patients) was 25.6 weeks (range 8-36 weeks). In the 11 patients whose pain had not improved at their first follow-up, treatment with bisphosphonates led to a more rapid resolution of pain in 13.8 weeks if given intravenously, and 24.0 weeks if given orally. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant advantage in using a bisphosphonate versus a protected weightbearing alone (P < .01). Recurrence within the same foot and ankle occurred in 44% of patients at a mean interval of 15.6 months and migration to a different site occurred in 6% of patients. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level III: Retrospective, comparative trial
Osteitis fibrosa cystica in a domestic young cat
Authors: Leite-Filho Ronaldo V , Bandinelli Marcele B , Fredo Gabriela , Bianchi Matheus V , van der lan Fonini Alessandra , Alievi Marcelo M , Driemeier David , Pavarini Saulo P , Sonne Luciana 
Published: October 2015

Case summary A 4-month-old cat had bilateral swellings of the mandible, maxilla, humerus and femur, and angular deviations in the axial and appendicular skeleton. The biochemical profile indicated hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and increased parathyroid hormone levels. Because of the poor prognosis, the cat was euthanized. At necropsy, malleable and fragile bones, associated with numerous cystic areas containing yellowish and translucent liquid, were observed. Histologically, the bones showed marked diffuse proliferation of fibrous connective tissue, and large numbers of osteoclasts surrounding numerous cystic structures were also observed within fibrotic areas at the periphery of the trabecular bone. In addition, enlargement of the parathyroid glands, which was associated with increased serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus and parathyroid hormone, was detected. Relevance and novel information The changes observed in this cat are consistent with hyperparathyroidism-associated osteitis fibrosa cystica, which is an unusual presentation in the cat. Hyperparathyroidism, either primary (neoplastic) or secondary (nutritional or renal), is the primary cause of this condition.
Extrahepatic biliary duct obstruction as a result of involuntary transcavitary implantation of hair in a cat
Authors: Linton Michael , Buffa Eugene , Simon Adrian , Ashton Julie , McGregor Ross , Foster Darren J 
Published: October 2015

Case summary A 4-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was referred for investigation of jaundice. The cat had a recent history of a skin laceration repair following trauma. Sequential serum biochemistry demonstrated increasing plasma bilirubin concentrations; abdominal ultrasonography revealed ongoing pancreatitis and apparent extrahepatic obstruction of the common bile duct. Exploratory laparotomy identified constriction of the common bile duct with foreign material (cat hair). The constricting band of hair was removed surgically; cholecystoduodenostomy was performed. Postsurgical quality of life is excellent with chronic treatment of tylosin, omeprazole and ursodeoxycholic acid. Relevance and novel information To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of extrahepatic biliary duct obstruction resulting from the intra-abdominal migration of a foreign body, in this case, hair shafts. The mechanism by which this occurred was likely a combination of physical constriction by the hair shafts and subsequent foreign body reaction surrounding this. This should be included in the differential diagnosis of a cat with jaundice.
Who suffers from unemployment? The role of health and skills
Authors: Nilsson Anton 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUnemployment swings have distributional consequences if some groups are hit harder than others. We examine if the sensitivity to local unemployment rates varies by characteristics such as health, cognitive ability and non-cognitive ability. Data on these variables come from registers covering the entire Swedish population of males. We show that variations in the unemployment rate are associated with larger variations for those with poor health or with a low non-cognitive ability. This pattern is found both among young and older individuals. The employment of the lower-educated also varies more with variations in the unemployment rate, but only among younger workers.JEL codes:I10; J24; J31; E32.
Generation of tissue-engineered small intestine using embryonic stem cell-derived human intestinal organoids
Authors: Finkbeiner Stacy R. , Freeman Jennifer J. , Wieck Minna M. , El-Nachef Wael , Altheim Christopher H. , Tsai Yu-Hwai , Huang Sha , Dyal Rachel , White Eric S. , Grikscheit Tracy C. , Teitelbaum Daniel H. , Spence Jason R. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is characterized by poor nutrient absorption due to a deficit of healthy intestine. Current treatment practices rely on providing supportive medical therapy with parenteral nutrition; while life saving, such interventions are not curative and are still associated with significant co-morbidities. As approaches to lengthen remaining intestinal tissue have been met with only limited success and intestinal transplants have poor survival outcomes, new approaches to treating SBS are necessary. Human intestine derived from embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), called human intestinal organoids (HIOs), have the potential to offer a personalized and scalable source of intestine for regenerative therapies. However, given that HIOs are small three-dimensional structures grown in vitro, methods to generate usable HIO-derived constructs are needed. We investigated the ability of hESCs or HIOs to populate acellular porcine intestinal matrices and artificial polyglycolic/poly L lactic acid (PGA/PLLA) scaffolds, and examined the ability of matrix/scaffolds to thrive when transplanted in vivo. Our results demonstrate that the acellular matrix alone is not sufficient to instruct hESC differentiation towards an endodermal or intestinal fate. We observed that while HIOs reseed acellular porcine matrices in vitro, the HIO-reseeded matrices do not thrive when transplanted in vivo. In contrast, HIO-seeded PGA/PLLA scaffolds thrive in vivo and develop into tissue that looks nearly identical to adult human intestinal tissue. Our results suggest that HIO-seeded PGA/PLLA scaffolds are a promising avenue for developing the mucosal component of tissue engineered human small intestine, which need to be explored further to develop them into fully functional tissue.
Transnational everyday lives in the city: revisiting gendered relations and caring practices in the neighbourhoods of Athens
Authors: Βαΐου Ντίνα 
Published: October 2015

<p>Στο πλαίσιο που διαμορφώνουν τα μνημονιακά προγράμματα περικοπών και λιτότητας, το άρθρο εστιάζει σε ένα από τα λιγότερο συζητημένα «θύματα» της κρίσης, τις μεταβαλλόμενες πρακτικές φροντίδας, οι οποίες εμπλέκουν με διαφορετικούς τρόπους μετανάστριες και ντόπιες γυναίκες που χρειάζεται να επινοούν στρατηγικές επιβίωσης σε όλο και πιο δυσμε-<br />νείς υλικές συνθήκες, «εδώ» (στην Αθήνα), «εκεί» (στους τόπους προέλευσης των μεταναστριών), καθ’ οδόν (στους δρόμους της μετανάστευσης). Το άρθρο αναφέρεται ειδικότερα στο έλλειμμα φροντίδας για τους ηλικιωμένους, ως σημείο εκκίνησης, προκειμένου να συζητήσει ένα σύνολο καθημερινών πρακτικών, οι οποίες επαναπροσδιορίζουν έμφυλες σχέσεις<br />και αναδεικνύουν τη σημασία του χώρου και του τόπου, σε διαφορετικές κλίμακες «από το σώμα μέχρι το παγκόσμιο σύστημα».</p>
No woman is illegal: Re-introducing antiracism in feminism
Authors: Edthofer Julia , Gouma Assimina 
Published: October 2015

<p>Διερευνούμε το θέμα του αντι-ρατσισμού σε σχέση με το φεμινι-<br />σμό στις γερμανόφωνες χώρες. Υποστηρίζουμε ότι οι προσπάθειες κάποιων εκπροσώπων του «φεμινισμού» να νομιμοποιήσουν το δομικό ρατσισμό στο όνομα των δικαιωμάτων των γυναικών είχε μεγάλη αποδοχή στον ευρωπαϊκό χώρο. Το γεγονός αυτό οδήγησε σε συμμαχίες, σε κάποιες περιπτώσεις, μεταξύ της άκρας δεξιάς και ορισμένων φεμινιστριών. Απ’ την άλλη πλευρά, οι αντιμεταναστευτικές πολιτικές στο όνομα της γυναικείας απελευθέρωσης προκάλεσαν ποικίλες αντιστάσεις τόσο στα κοινωνικά κινήματα όσο και στο<br />πλαίσιο θεωρητικών συζητήσεων. Ιδιαίτερα οι αυτο-οργανώσεις<br />μεταναστριών έχουν παίξει πρωταγωνιστικό ρόλο τόσο στη δραστηριοποίηση ενάντια σε αντιμεταναστευτικά μέτρα όσο και στην πολιτική και θεωρητική προσέγγιση του αντι-ρατσιστικού φεμινισμού.</p>