bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The other isotopes: research avenues based on
36
Ar,
37
Ar and
38
Ar
Authors: Turner Grenville , Burgess Ray 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

The earliest publications on
40
Ar/
39
Ar dating recognized the usefulness of
39
Ar/
37
Ar in providing chemical clues to the species releasing argon during stepped heating, while
37
Ar measurements are required for interference corrections. Aside from these essential roles,
36
Ar,
37
Ar and
38
Ar have other useful applications. The dominance of Ca as the target nucleus for the production of
38
Ar and
36
Ar from spallation by cosmic rays has led to the determination of cosmic ray exposure ages from
38
Ar/
37
Ar.
38
Ar production from Cl has an important role in the study of ore minerals containing saline fluid inclusions, both in dating and in understanding their genesis. Combining
38
Ar/
36
Ar ratios with micro-thermometric determinations of salinity provides a way to determine absolute concentrations of noble gases in ore fluids. Absorption of cosmic-ray-produced secondary neutrons by
35
Cl and
37
Cl provides another means to study cosmic ray exposure of meteorites.
36
S excesses in meteoritic sodalite provide evidence of now-extinct
36
Cl in the early Solar System. Surprisingly, there is little or no evidence of excess
36
Ar beyond what can be accounted for by secondary neutron exposure. We have recently devised a method to identify monoisotopic
36
Ar from
36
Cl decay.
PI3K/AKT Signaling Is Essential for Communication between Tissue-Infiltrating Mast Cells, Macrophages, and Epithelial Cells in Colitis-Induced Cancer
Authors: Khan Mohammad W. , Keshavarzian Ali , Gounaris Elias , Melson Joshua E. , Cheon Eric C. , Blatner Nichole R. , Chen Zongmin E. , Tsai Fu-Nien , Lee Goo , Ryu Hyunji , Barrett Terrence A. , Bentrem David J. , Beckhove Philipp , Khazaie Khashayarsha 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Purpose: To understand signaling pathways that shape inflamed tissue and predispose to cancer is critical for effective prevention and therapy for chronic inflammatory diseases. We have explored phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity in human inflammatory bowel diseases and mouse colitis models.
Experimental Design: We conducted immunostaining of phosphorylated AKT (pAKT) and unbiased high-throughput image acquisition and quantitative analysis of samples of noninflamed normal colon, colitis, dysplasia, and colorectal cancer. Mechanistic insights were gained from ex vivo studies of cell interactions, the piroxicam/IL-10−/− mouse model of progressive colitis, and use of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002.
Results: Progressive increase in densities of pAKT-positive tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) and increase in densities of mast cells in the colonic submucosa were noted with colitis and progression to dysplasia and cancer. Mast cells recruited macrophages in ex vivo migration assays, and both mast cells and TAMs promoted invasion of cancer cells. Pretreatment of mast cells with LY294002 blocked recruitment of TAMs. LY294002 inhibited mast cell and TAM-mediated tumor invasion, and in mice, blocked stromal PI3K, colitis, and cancer.
Conclusion: The PI3K/AKT pathway is active in cells infiltrating inflamed human colon tissue. This pathway sustains the recruitment of inflammatory cells through a positive feedback loop. The PI3K/AKT pathway is essential for tumor invasion and the malignant features of the piroxicam/IL-10−/− mouse model. LY294002 targets the PI3K pathway and hinders progressive colitis. These findings indicate that colitis and progression to cancer are dependent on stromal PI3K and sensitive to treatment with LY294002. Clin Cancer Res; 19(9); 2342–54. ©2013 AACR.
Reticulated platelets predict cardiovascular death in acute coronary syndrome patients
Authors: Cesari Francesca , Gori Anna , Caporale Roberto , Fanelli Alessandra , Casola Giulia , Balzi Daniela , Barchielli Alessandro , Valente Serafina , Giglioli Cristina , Gensini Gian , Abbate Rosanna , Marcucci Rossella 
Published: March 2013

SummaryReticulated platelets (RP) are newly-formed platelets with a greater mass, a residual amount of RNA and an increased prothrombotic potential. No studies investigating the association between RP and the risk of cardiovascular death in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients are available. In the frame of the AMI-Florence 2 study, we investigated RP in 229 (154 M/ 75 F) ACS patients (125 ST-elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI]; 104 Non-STEMI/Unstable Angina). RP were measured by using the Sysmex XE-2100 haematology analyzer and were expressed as the percentage of RP out of the total optical platelet count (immature platelet fraction; IPF) and as the percentage of RP highly fluorescent (H-IPF). At one-year follow-up, 22 out of 229 patients (9.6%) died from cardiovascular causes. Higher values of IPF (p=0.05) and H-IPF (p=0.006) were detected in dead compared to alive patients. A receiver operating characteristics curve analysis identified IPF ≥3.3% and H-IPF ≥0.9% as optimal cut-off values to predict cardiovascular death. At the multivariate model adjusted for the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score, the association between RP and cardiovascular death remained significant for both IPF [OR (95%CI) : 4.15 (1.24–13.91) p=0.02] and H-IPF [OR (95%CI): H-IPF 5.03 (1.38–18.38) p=0.01]. In conclusion, RP are independent predictors of cardiovascular death and may be useful in improving risk stratification for ACS patients. Future prospective studies to evaluate the role of RP in determining cardiovascular events are warranted.
Autocrine amplification of integrin αIIbβ3 activation and platelet adhesive responses by deoxyribose-1-phosphate
Authors: Vara Dina S. , Campanella Michelangelo , Canobbio Ilaria , Dunn Warwick B. , Pizzorno Giuseppe , Hirano Michio , Pula Giordano 
Published: March 2013

SummaryUsing direct injection mass spectrometry (DIMS) we discovered that deoxyribose-1-phosphate (dRP) is released by platelets upon activation. Interestingly, the addition of exogenous dRP to human platelets significantly increased platelet aggregation and integrin αIIbβ3 activation in response to thrombin. In parallel, genetically modified platelets with double genetic deletion of thymidine phosphorylase and uridine phosphorylase were characterised by reduced release of dRP, impaired aggregation and decreased integrin αIIbβ3 activation in response to thrombin. In vitro platelet adhesion onto fibrinogen and collagen under physiological flow conditions was potentiated by treatment of human platelets with exogenous dRP and impaired in transgenic platelets with reduced dRP release. Human and mouse platelets responded to dRP treatment with a sizeable increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the pre-treament with the antioxidant apocynin abolished the effect of dRP on aggregation and integrin activation. Experiments directly assessing the activation of the small G protein Rap1b and protein kinase C suggested that dRP increases the basal levels of activity of these two pivotal platelet-activating pathways in a redox-dependent manner. Taken together, we present evidence that dRP is a novel autocrine amplifier of platelet activity, which acts on platelet redox levels and modulates integrin αIIbβ3.
Genetic Architecture of Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Mexican Americans
Authors: Melton Phillip E. , Carless Melanie A. , Curran Joanne E. , Dyer Thomas D. , Göring Harald H.H. , Kent Jack W. , Drigalenko Eugene , Johnson Matthew P. , MacCluer Jean W. , Moses Eric K. , Comuzzie Anthony G. , Mahaney Michael C. , O’Leary Daniel H. , Blangero John , Almasy Laura 
Published: March 2013

Background—
Intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common and internal carotid arteries is an established surrogate for atherosclerosis and predicts risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. Often IMT is measured as the average of these 2 arteries; yet, they are believed to result from separate biological mechanisms. The aim of this study was to conduct a family-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) for IMT to identify polymorphisms influencing IMT and to determine if distinct carotid artery segments are influenced by different genetic components.

Methods and Results—

IMT for the common and internal carotid arteries was determined through B-mode ultrasound in 772 Mexican Americans from the San Antonio Family Heart Study. A GWAS using 931219 single-nucleotide polymorphisms was undertaken with 6 internal and common carotid artery IMT phenotypes using an additive measured genotype model. The most robust association detected was for 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs16983261, rs6113474;
P
=1.60e
−7
) in complete linkage disequilibrium on chromosome 20p11 for the internal carotid artery near wall, next to the gene
PAX1
. We also replicated previously reported GWAS regions on chromosomes 19q13 and 7q22. We found no overlapping associations between internal and common carotid artery phenotypes at
P
<5.0e
−6
. The genetic correlation between the 2 carotid IMT arterial segments was 0.51.

Conclusions—
This study represents the first large-scale GWAS of carotid IMT in a non–European population and identified several novel loci. We do not detect any shared GWAS signals between common and internal carotid arterial segments, but the moderate genetic correlation implies both common and unique genetic components.
The Effect of Attention on Repetition Suppression and Multivoxel Pattern Similarity
Authors: Moore Katherine S. , Yi Do-Joon , Chun Marvin 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
Fundamental to our understanding of learning is the role of attention. We investigated how attention affects two fMRI measures of stimulus-specific memory: repetition suppression (RS) and pattern similarity (PS). RS refers to the decreased fMRI signal when a stimulus is repeated, and it is sensitive to manipulations of attention and task demands. In PS, region-wide voxel-level patterns of responses are evaluated for their similarity across repeated presentations of a stimulus. More similarity across presentations is related to better learning, but the role of attention on PS is not known. Here, we directly compared these measures during the visual repetition of scenes while manipulating attention. Consistent with previous findings, we observed RS in the scene-sensitive parahippocampal place area only when a scene was attended both at initial presentation and upon repetition in subsequent trials, indicating that attention is important for RS. Likewise, we observed greater PS in response to repeated pairs of scenes when both instances of the scene were attended than when either or both were ignored. However, RS and PS did not correlate on either a scene-by-scene or subject-by-subject basis, and PS measures revealed above-chance similarity even when stimuli were ignored. Thus, attention has different effects on RS and PS measures of perceptual repetition.
Spouse caregivers of people with advanced dementia in nursing homes: A longitudinal narrative study
Authors: Hennings Jean , Froggatt Katherine , Payne Sheila 
Published: March 2013

Background: Dementia is a life limiting illness and is becoming a major cause of death in developed countries. Many people with dementia die in nursing homes or long-term residential care settings. Spouse caregivers of people with dementia living in nursing homes find themselves in a position which is difficult to understand and live with. Aim: To explore the caregiving experiences of spouse carers of people with advanced dementia living in nursing homes. Design: Longitudinal narrative study using three sequential interviews and diary accounts. Setting/participants: Spouse caregivers of people with dementia nearing the end of life were recruited from two nursing homes in Northern England. Results: Twenty-seven interviews were conducted and seven diaries collected from 10 spouse caregivers (7 women and 3 men). We demonstrate that for this group the experience of caregiving is one of struggle to live in ‘two worlds’, the world of the nursing home and the world of wider society, where, in both settings, their role is often ambiguous and their position liminal. We also identify that feelings of guilt associated with nursing home placement of a spouse with dementia endure far beyond the time of the move. Conclusions: Nursing home staff need to acknowledge spouse carers in their own right, inviting them to tell their stories. We recommend that communication skills be included in educational programmes for nursing home staff. Further research is needed to determine the shape and context of carer needs assessment and support, as recommended in health policy.
Effects of the injection timing on the engine performance and the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine fuelled by tyre pyrolysis oil–diesel blends
Authors: Lin Geng-Hung , Kuo Chun-Pao 
Published: March 2013

In this study, the production of tyre pyrolysis oil using pyrolysis between the temperatures of 673 K and 873 K is reported. The effects of the injection timing on the performance and the exhaust emissions of a four-cylinder in-line diesel engine using tyre pyrolysis oil blends (in 10% increments from 0% to 20%) are experimentally investigated. The engine speeds are set at 1440 r/min, 2160 r/min and 3600 r/min under a constant engine load (85 N m). Adjusting the shim thickness adjusts the injection timings at 10° crank angle before top dead centre, 14° crank angle before top dead centre and 18° crank angle before top dead centre. The experimental results indicate that tyre pyrolysis oil blends with identical injection timings generate higher levels of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide emissions and increased the brake specific fuel consumption, as well as reducing the oxygen emission, compared with the corresponding situation when diesel is used. An advanced injection timing in all the test situations resulted in lower carbon monoxide and oxygen concentrations than the default injection timing did. However, the nitrogen oxide concentration is higher than that for the default injection timing. In contrast, although a delayed injection timing can reduce the nitrogen oxide and oxygen emission concentrations, the carbon monoxide emission concentrations are increased. Regarding the brake specific fuel consumption, the advanced and the delayed injection timings result in negative effects for all the test situations and oil samples.
Depletion of Jak2V617F myeloproliferative neoplasm-propagating stem cells by interferon-α in a murine model of polycythemia vera
Authors: Mullally Ann , Bruedigam Claudia , Poveromo Luke , Heidel Florian H. , Purdon Amy , Vu Therese , Austin Rebecca , Heckl Dirk , Breyfogle Lawrence J. , Kuhn Catherine Paine , Kalaitzidis Demetrios , Armstrong Scott A. , Williams David A. , Hill Geoff R. , Ebert Benjamin L. , Lane Steven W. 
Published: March 2013

Key Points
IFNα targets Jak2V617F MPN stem cells.
Advanced accident research system based on a medical and engineering data in the metropolitan area of Florence
Authors: Piantini Simone , Grassi David , Mangini Marco , Pierini Marco , Zagli Giovanni , Spina Rosario , Peris Adriano 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
In the metropolitan area of Florence, 62% of major traumas involve powered two wheeler rider and pillion passengers, 10% cyclists, and 7% pedestrians. The urban and extra-urban areas are the most dangerous for the vulnerable road user. In-depth investigations are needed for assessing detailed information on road accidents. This type of study has been very limited in time frame in Italy, and completely absent in the Tuscan region.
Consequently a study called “In-depth Study of road Accident in FlorencE” (In-SAFE) has been initiated.

Methods
A network between the Department of Mechanics and Industrial Technologies (University of Florence) and the Intensive Care Unit of the Emergency Department (Careggi Teaching Hospital, Florence) was created with the aim of collecting information about the road accidents. The data collected includes: on-scene data, data coming from examination of the vehicles, kinematics and dynamic crash data, injuries, treatment, and injury mechanisms. Each injury is codified thorough the AIS score, localized by a three-dimensional human body model based on computer tomography slices, and the main scores are calculated. We then associate each injury with its cause and crash technical parameters. Finally, all the information is collected in the In-SAFE database.

Results
Patient mean age at the time of the accident was 34.6 years, and 80% were males. The ISS mean is 24.2 (SD 8.7) and the NISS mean is 33.6 (SD 10.5). The main road accident configurations are the “car-to-PTW” (25%) and “pedestrian run over” (17,9%). For the former, the main collision configuration is “head-on crash” (57%). Cyclists and PTW riders-and-pillions-passengers suffer serious injuries (AIS3+) mainly to the head and the thorax. The head (56.4%) and the lower extremities (12.7%) are the most frequently injured pedestrian body regions.

Conclusions
The aim of the project is to create an in-depth road accident study with special focus on the correlation between technical parameters and injuries. An in-depth investigation team was setup and is currently active in the metropolitan area of Florence.
Twenty-eight serious road accidents involving twenty-nine ICU patients are studied. PTW users, cyclist and pedestrians are the most frequently involved in metropolitan accidents.
Nutritional status among older residents with dementia in open versus special care units in municipal nursing homes: an observational study
Authors: Aukner Carine , Eide Helene Dahl , Iversen Per Ole 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
Undernutrition is widespread among institutionalised elderly, and people suffering from dementia are at particularly high risk. Many elderly with dementia live in open units or in special care units in nursing homes. It is not known whether special care units have an effect on the nutritional status of the residents. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the nutritional status of residents with dementia in both open units and in special care units.

Methods
Among Oslo’s 29 municipal nursing homes, 21 participated with 358 residents with dementia or cognitive impairment, of which 46% lived in special care units. Nutritional status was assessed using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool and anthropometry.

Results
We found no differences (p > 0.05) in risk of undernutrition, body mass index, mid-upper arm muscle circumference or triceps skinfold thickness between residents in open units and those in special care units. Residents in special care units were significantly younger and stronger when measured with a hand-grip test.

Conclusions
We found no difference in nutritional status between nursing home residents with dementia/cognitive impairment in open units versus in special care units.
Health-related quality of life and life satisfaction in colorectal cancer survivors: trajectories of adjustment
Authors: Dunn Jeff , Ng Shu Kay , Breitbart William , Aitken Joanne , Youl Pip , Baade Peter D , Chambers Suzanne K 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Background
This longitudinal study describes the five year trajectories of health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) and life satisfaction in long term colorectal cancer survivors.

Patients and methods
A population-based sample of 1966 colorectal cancer survivors were surveyed at six time points from five months to five years post-diagnosis. Predictor variables were: socio-demographic variables, optimism; cancer threat appraisal; perceived social support. Quality of life was assessed with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Colorectal (HR-QOL); and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Growth mixture models were applied to identify trajectory classes and their predictors.

Results
Distinct adjustment trajectories were identified for HR-QOL and life satisfaction. Lower optimism, poorer social support, a more negative cognitive appraisal, and younger age were associated with poorer life satisfaction, while survivors with less than 8 years of education had higher life satisfaction. This pattern was similar for overall HR-QOL except that educational level was not a significant predictor and later stage disease and female gender emerged as related to poorer outcomes. One in five survivors reported poorer constant HR-QOL (19.2%) and a small group had poor life satisfaction (7.2%); 26.2% reported constant high HR-QOL and 48.8% had high constant life satisfaction. Socioeconomic disadvantage and remoteness of residence uniquely predicted poorer outcomes in the colorectal cancer specific HR-QOL sub domain.

Conclusion
Although HR-QOL and subjective cognitive QOL share similar antecedents their trajectory patterns suggested they are distinct adjustment outcomes; with life satisfaction emerging as temporally stable phenomenon. Unique patterns of risk support suggest the need to account for heterogeneity in adjustment in longitudinal QOL studies with cancer survivors.
Approximating fixed points of α-nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces and "Equation missing"spaces
Authors: Naraghirad Eskandar , Wong Ngai-Ching , Yao Jen-Chih 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn existence theorem for a fixed point of anα-nonexpansive mapping of a nonempty bounded, closed and convex subset of a uniformly convex Banach space has been recently established by Aoyama and Kohsaka with a non-constructive argument. In this paper, we show that appropriate Ishikawa iterate algorithms ensure weak and strong convergence to a fixed point of such a mapping. Our theorems are also extended toCAT(0)spaces.AMS Subject Classification:54E40, 54H25, 47H10, 37C25.
Recurrent acute pancreatitis and massive hemorrhagic ascites secondary to a duodenal duplication in a child: a case report
Authors: Yang Min , Li Ding-You , Zeng Yong-Mei , Chen Pei-Yu , Geng Lan-Lan , Gong Si-Tang 
Published: March 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Duodenal duplication is a rare congenital malformation and has been reported as a rare cause of recurrent acute pancreatitis. Hemorrhagic ascites has been reported in only one case of duodenal duplication.

Case presentation
An 11-year-old Chinese girl presented with abdominal pain, hematemesis and dark stools. On admission, an abdominal examination revealed a moderately distended abdomen with diffuse tenderness. Biochemical investigations showed increased serum levels of amylase, lipase, and urine amylase. An abdominal computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed an enlarged and heterogeneous pancreas with poorly delineated borders. There was a cystic lesion measuring 25mm × 48mm × 28mm, located between the descending portion of her duodenum and the head of her pancreas. There were massive effusion signals in her abdominal cavity. An exploratory laparotomy was performed. A tubular cyst measuring 32mm × 52mm × 30mm was found in the second part of the duodenum, next to the head of her pancreas. The anterior wall of the duplication cyst was resected and anastomosis of the remaining cyst to the duodenum was performed for drainage. Histopathological examination of the excised cyst wall showed duodenal mucosa, submucosa and muscle coats, indicative of a duodenal duplication.

Conclusions
It is important to be aware of duodenal duplication when evaluating a patient with recurrent acute pancreatitis accompanied by massive hemorrhagic ascites.