bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimum laser parameters for 1D radiation pressure acceleration
Authors: Schmidt Peter , Boine-Frankenheim Oliver , Mulser Peter 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLaser ion acceleration (Wilkset al., 2001; Passoniet al., 2010) has become an interesting field of research in the past years. Several experiments, such as LIGHT (Schollmeieret al., 2008; Bagnoudet al., 2010; Busoldet al., 2013; 2014a; 2014b) are performed worldwide. High intense, pulsed laser beams are used to generate and accelerate a plasma. For higher laser intensities (>1021W cm−1), simulations (Esirkepovet al., 2004; Macchiet al., 2005; 2009; 2010; Robinsonet al., 2008; Rykovanovet al., 2008; Heniget al., 2009; Schlegelet al., 2009; Shoucriet al., 2011; 2013; 2014; Karet al., 2012; Korzhimanovet al., 2012; Shoucri, 2012) have revealed a new acceleration mechanism: The Radiation Pressure Acceleration. The entire foil target is accelerated by the radiation pressure of the laser pulse. Ideally, a sharp peak spectrum is generated, with energies up to GeV and nearly solid body density. This work faces on a detailed analysis of the acceleration mechanism in order to develop the optimum laser- and target parameters for the process. The analysis is supported by one-dimensional PIC simulations, using the commercial code VSim©Tech-X (2015).
Efficiency of ablative plasma energy transfer into a massive aluminum target using different atomic number ablators
Authors: Kasperczuk A. , Pisarczyk T. , Chodukowski T. , Kalinowska Z. , Stepniewski W. , Jach K. , Swierczynski R. , Renner O. , Smid M. , Ullschmied J. , Cikhardt J. , Klir D. , Kubes P. , Rezac K. , Krousky E. , Pfeifer M. , Skala J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis paper aims at investigation of efficiency of an ablative plasma energy transfer into a massive aluminum target using different atomic number ablators. For this reason, several target materials representing a wide range of atomic numbers (Z= 3.5–73) were used. The experiment was carried out at the iodine Prague Asterix Laser System. The laser provided a 250 ps pulse with energy of 130 J at the third harmonic frequency (λ3= 0.438 μm). To study the plasma stream configurations a four-frame X-ray pinhole camera was used. The electron temperature of the plasma in the near-surface target region was measured by means of an X-ray spectroscopy. The efficiency of the plasma energy transport to the target was determined via the crater volume measurement using the crater replica technique. The experimental results were compared with two-dimensional numerical simulations where the plasma dynamics was based on the one-fluid, two temperature model, including radiation transport in diffusive approximation and ionization kinetics. It was shown that the plasma expansion geometry plays an important role in the ablative plasma energy transfer into the target.
Reviewing the role of habitat banking and tradable development rights in the conservation policy mix
Authors: SANTOS RUI , SCHRÖTER-SCHLAACK CHRISTOPH , ANTUNES PAULA , RING IRENE , CLEMENTE PEDRO 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYHabitat banking and tradable development rights (TDR) have gained considerable currency as a way of achieving ‘no net loss’ of biodiversity and of reconciling nature conservation with economic development goals. This paper reviews the use of these instruments for biodiversity conservation and assesses their roles in the policy mix. The two instruments are compared in terms of effectiveness, cost effectiveness, social impact, institutional context and legal requirements. The role in the policy mix is discussed highlighting sequential relationships, as well as complementarities or synergies, redundancy and conflicts with other instruments, such as biodiversity offsets and land-use zoning.Habitat banking and TDR have the potential to contribute to biodiversity conservation objectives and attain cost-effective solutions with positive social impacts on local communities and landowners. They can also help to create a new mind-set more favourable to public-private cooperation in biodiversity conservation. At the same time, these policy instruments face a number of theoretical and implementation challenges, such as additionality and equivalence of offsets, endurance of land-use planning regulations, monitoring of offset performance, or time lags between restoration and resulting conservation benefits.A clear, enforceable regulatory approach is a prerequisite for the success of habitat banking and TDR. In return, these schemes provide powerful incentives for compliance with regulatory norms and ensure a more equitable allocation of the benefits and costs of land-use controls and conservation. Environmentally harmful subsidies in other policy sectors as well as alternative offset options, however, reduce the attractiveness and effectiveness of these instruments. Thus, the overall performance of habitat banking and TDR hinges on how they are integrated into the biodiversity conservation policy mix and fine-tuned with other sectoral policies.
Analysis of semantic features in free-form objects reconstruction
Authors: Trifunovic Milan , Stojkovic Milos , Trajanovic Miroslav , Manic Miodrag , Misic Dragan , Vitkovic Nikola 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOne of the biggest challenges associated with design and digital reconstruction of free forms comes from uniqueness and unrepeatability of these shapes. During digital reconstruction of these forms, the designer has to choose the right set of geometric features and then compose them in a way that will enable the most accurate reconstruction of the geometry. While doing this, the designer primarily relies on personal experience gained through work with free-form objects of similar geometry. In our opinion, the analysis of free-form objects geometry should rely upon semantic interpretation of their geometric and other features, and the greatest challenge of automation of digital reconstruction and free-form object design in general is closely related to automation of semantic interpretation of geometric and other free-form object features. In this paper, a case of chest bone implant digital reconstruction is presented, where a new semantic model called the active semantic model was used for modeling the meaning of geometric elements, that is, the semantic features of a free-form object. The active semantic model and its analogy-based reasoning algorithms have shown themselves as applicable for the automation of semantic interpretation of the unique, unrepeatable, and unpredictable forms of chest bone. Moreover, this semantic model showed the potential to help automate selecting and composing of geometric features for efficient digital reconstruction of the geometry of free forms.
Predicting childhood effortful control from interactions between early parenting quality and children's dopamine transporter gene haplotypes
Authors: Li Yi , Sulik Michael J. , Eisenberg Nancy , Spinrad Tracy L. , Lemery-Chalfant Kathryn , Stover Daryn A. , Verrelli Brian C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractChildren's observed effortful control (EC) at 30, 42, and 54 months (n= 145) was predicted from the interaction between mothers' observed parenting with their 30-month-olds and three variants of the solute carrier family C6, member 3 (SLC6A3) dopamine transporter gene (single nucleotide polymorphisms in intron8 and intron13, and a 40 base pair variable number tandem repeat [VNTR] in the 3′-untranslated region [UTR]), as well as haplotypes of these variants. Significant moderating effects were found. Children without the intron8-A/intron13-G, intron8-A/3′-UTR VNTR-10, or intron13-G/3′-UTR VNTR-10 haplotypes (i.e., haplotypes associated with the reducedSLC6A3gene expression and thus lower dopamine functioning) appeared to demonstrate altered levels of EC as a function of maternal parenting quality, whereas children with these haplotypes demonstrated a similar EC level regardless of the parenting quality. Children with these haplotypes demonstrated a trade-off, such that they showed higher EC, relative to their counterparts without these haplotypes, when exposed to less supportive maternal parenting. The findings revealed a diathesis–stress pattern and suggested that differentSLC6A3haplotypes, but not single variants, might represent different levels of young children's sensitivity/responsivity to early parenting.
An isolated left common carotid artery from the main pulmonary artery in a neonate with aortic valve atresia
Authors: Ahmadi Alireza , Sabri Mohammadreza , Dehghan Bahar 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA 20-day-old girl was referred to our clinic for systolic murmur, cyanosis, and dyspnoea with feeding. Echocardiography revealed an atretic aortic valve. CT angiography scan revealed that the left common carotid artery originated from the distal main pulmonary artery. The plan was patent ductus artriosus stenting and bilateral pulmonary artery banding and then follow-up for any possible future intervention.
A mechanistic model of tau amyloid aggregation based on direct observation of oligomers
Authors: Shammas Sarah L. , Garcia Gonzalo A. , Kumar Satish , Kjaergaard Magnus , Horrocks Mathew H. , Shivji Nadia , Mandelkow Eva , Knowles Tuomas P.J. , Mandelkow Eckhard , Klenerman David 
Published: April 2015

AbstractProtein aggregation plays a key role in neurodegenerative disease, giving rise to small oligomers that may become cytotoxic to cells. The fundamental microscopic reactions taking place during aggregation, and their rate constants, have been difficult to determine due to lack of suitable methods to identify and follow the low concentration of oligomers over time. Here we use single-molecule fluorescence to study the aggregation of the repeat domain of tau (K18), and two mutant forms linked with familial frontotemporal dementia, the deletion mutant ΔK280 and the point mutant P301L. Our kinetic analysis reveals that aggregation proceeds via monomeric assembly into small oligomers, and a subsequent slow structural conversion step before fibril formation. Using this approach, we have been able to quantitatively determine how these mutations alter the aggregation energy landscape.
SNAP23 is selectively expressed in airway secretory cells and mediates baseline and stimulated mucin secretion
Authors: Ren Binhui , Azzegagh Zoulikha , Jaramillo Ana M. , Zhu Yunxiang , Pardo-Saganta Ana , Bagirzadeh Rustam , Flores Jose R. , Han Wei , Tang Yong-jun , Tu Jing , Alanis Denise M. , Evans Christopher M. , Guindani Michele , Roche Paul A. , Rajagopal Jayaraj , Chen Jichao , Davis C. William , Tuvim Michael J. , Dickey Burton F. 
Published: April 2015

Airway mucin secretion is important pathophysiologically and as a model of polarized epithelial regulated exocytosis. We find the trafficking protein, SNAP23 (23-kDa paralogue of synaptosome-associated protein of 25 kDa), selectively expressed in secretory cells compared with ciliated and basal cells of airway epithelium by immunohistochemistry and FACS, suggesting that SNAP23 functions in regulated but not constitutive epithelial secretion. Heterozygous SNAP23 deletant mutant mice show spontaneous accumulation of intracellular mucin, indicating a defect in baseline secretion. However mucins are released from perfused tracheas of mutant and wild-type (WT) mice at the same rate, suggesting that increased intracellular stores balance reduced release efficiency to yield a fully compensated baseline steady state. In contrast, acute stimulated release of intracellular mucin from mutant mice is impaired whether measured by a static imaging assay 5 min after exposure to the secretagogue ATP or by kinetic analysis of mucins released from perfused tracheas during the first 10 min of ATP exposure. Together, these data indicate that increased intracellular stores cannot fully compensate for the defect in release efficiency during intense stimulation. The lungs of mutant mice develop normally and clear bacteria and instilled polystyrene beads comparable to WT mice, consistent with these functions depending on baseline secretion that is fully compensated.
Effects of heat treatment on oil-binding ability of rice flour
Authors: Tabara Aya , Nakagawa Mariko , Ushijima Yuki , Matsunaga Kotaro , Seguchi Masaharu 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Heat-treated (120 °C for 120 min) rice flour showed high affinity to oil (oil-binding ability). This oil-binding ability could be observed by shaking the heat-treated rice flour (2.0 g), oil (4.0 mL), and water (20 mL) vigorously in a test tube, and the oil bound to the rice flour sank into the water. To examine the time-dependent levels of the oil-binding ability, rice flour was heat-treated at 120 °C for 10, 20, 40, 60, and 120 min, and the precipitated volume of oil/rice flour complex increased with an increase of the heating time. The oil-binding ability of the rice flour was not affected by the treatments with diethyl ether or boiled chloroform/methanol (2:1) solutions, which suggested no relationship to the oil in the rice flour, but was lost upon alkali (0.2% NaOH solution) or pepsin treatment, which suggested its relationship to the rice proteins.
Heterogeneous catalysis for green chemistry based on nanocrystals
Authors: Liu Yuxi , Zhao Guofeng , Wang Dingsheng , Li Yadong 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Modern society has an ever-increasing demand for environmentally friendly catalytic processes. Catalysis research is working towards a solution through the development of effective heterogeneous catalysts for environment-related applications. Nanotechnologies have provided effective strategies for the preparation of nanocrystals (NCs) with well-defined sizes, shapes and compositions. Precise control of these NCs provides an important foundation for the studies of structure-performance relationships in catalysis, which is critical to the design of NCs with optimized catalytic performances for practical applications. We focus on recent advances in the development of bottom-up strategies to control NCs structures for some key catalytic applications, including CO oxidation, selective oxidation of alcohols, semihydrogenation of alkynes, and selective hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes and nitrobenzene. These key applications have been a popular research focus because of their significance in green chemistry. Herein we also discuss the scientific understandings of the active species and active structures of these systems to gain an insight for rational design of efficient catalytic systems for these catalytic reactions.
New insights into underreporting of time: the audit partner context
Authors: Barrainkua Itsaso , Espinosa-Pike Marcela 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence on underreporting of time (URT) by audit partners and the factors that drive URT at their level. In particular the study tests the relationship between URT and the following variables: pressures perceived by auditors related to audit budgets, the ethical acceptability of URT, the influence of peers and superiors on the resolution of ethical conflicts, and organisational ethical culture. A deeper analysis of URT practices is necessary, as failing to correctly report the total hours worked by audit partners poses a threat to audit quality, and can have a detrimental effect on individual auditors, audit firms, and even the auditing profession itself.Design/methodology/approach– A multiple regression data analysis was conducted, based on 84 responses from Spanish audit partners working in small- and medium-sized audit firms.Findings– The results reveal that URT is affected by the pressures perceived by auditors related to audit budgets, the ethical acceptability of URT, and the influence of peers and superiors on the resolution of ethical conflicts.Originality/value– This study contributes to international literature on the organisational context of audit firms by analysing URT from the perspective of audit partners. It also has practical implications, as it focuses on understanding the beliefs and behavioural patterns of audit partners, which is critical to proposing mechanisms for avoiding dysfunctional behaviour at all levels of audit firms.
Developing campaigns in the context of a disaster
Authors: Uribe Rodrigo , Hidalgo Pedro , Martinez Carolina 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper are to determine: how disasters are used as a theme in advertising; how the public evaluates different ways of using disasters in advertising; what dimensions directly affect these evaluations; and what aspects should be taken into account by an organization that wants or need to develop a campaign after a disaster.Design/methodology/approach– This paper presents two studies examining the relationship between catastrophes and advertising in the context of the February 2010 earthquake in Chile. The first study scrutinizes the characteristics of print ads that used this event as their main theme. The second study evaluates the reactions of consumers to different types of post-catastrophe ads. This issue was explored in a survey on the attitudes toward and credibility of these ads and in a qualitative examination, which explored the reasons for the interviewees’ evaluation.Findings– The first study identified nine types of advertisements as the most used by advertisers. The second study showed that the most common ad types had the worst evaluations by the public. In addition, the evaluation of the ads was directly related to three dimensions: opinion with regard to the advertised brand, evaluation of the ad’s performance, and perception of commercial intent.Research limitations/implications– It is important to consider some limitations of this study: this paper used only print advertising, and the sample was selected from Chilean internet users (50 percent of the population).Practical implications– This paper provides recommendations for for-profit and non-profit organizations that need or want to effectively develop campaigns in the context of a disaster.Originality/value– Within the context of a few studies on the development of campaigns in the context of a catastrophe, this paper seeks to test and expand upon the scarce findings in this field.
Validation of local knowledge drought forecasting systems in the Limpopo River Basin in Southern Africa
Authors: Chisadza Bright , J. Tumbare Michael , R. Nyabeze Washington , Nhapi Innocent 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– This research paper is informed by a study to assess performance of local knowledge drought forecasts (LKDFs) in the Mzingwane catchment which is located in the Limpopo River Basin in Zimbabwe. The purpose of this paper is to validate local traditional knowledge (LTK) indicators being applied in Mzingwane catchment and verify their accuracy and reliability in drought forecasting and early warning.

Design/methodology/approach
– LTK forecast data for 2012/2013 season were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 40 selected household heads and focus group discussions. Observations and key informant interviews with chiefs and the elderly (>55 years) were also used to collect additional LTK forecast data. Meteorological data on seasonal rainfall were collected from the meteorological Services Department of Zimbabwe (MSD). Two sets of comparisons were conducted namely the hind-cast comparison where the LKDF system results were evaluated against what the season turned out to be and forecast comparison where local LKDF system results were compared with downscaled meteorological forecasts.

Findings
– The results showed that the majority of the LTK indicators used were accurate in forecasting weather and drought conditions when compared to the observed data of what the season turned out to be. LTK forecasts were found to be more accurate than meteorological forecast at local scale. This study has shown that the reliability of LTKs is high as demonstrated by the fact that the predicted event occurs.

Research limitations/implications
– Further validation be carried out for a number of seasons, in order to standardise the LTK indicators per geographical area.

Originality/value
– The research creates platform for adoption of LTKs into formal forecasting systems. The research is useful to both meteorological researchers and resource constrained communities in Mzingwane catchment.
From armed conflict to disaster vulnerability
Authors: Marktanner Marcus , Mienie Edward , Noiset Luc 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to estimate the effect of armed conflict on the vulnerability to natural hazards.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors employ panel estimates of disaster deaths on a lagged indicator of the presence of armed conflict.

Findings
– Disaster deaths following armed conflict are on average 40 percent higher compared to disasters that are chronologically detached from armed conflict events; a legacy of armed conflict accounts for roughly 14 percent of the approximately five million disaster deaths between 1961 and 2010.

Practical implications
– A global estimate of the relationship between armed conflict and disaster vulnerability can help disaster management planners identify policy priorities associated with disaster prevention and management.

Originality/value
– The analysis reinforces the findings in previous qualitative studies of a causal link between armed conflict and increased disaster vulnerability and provides a quantitative estimate of the average magnitude of this relationship.
Human security: an analytical tool for disaster perception research
Authors: Bambals Rihards 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the possible benefits arising from the application of the human security concept to analysing the disaster impacts.

Design/methodology/approach
– A three-piece human security analytical tool is synthesized by combining the discoveries in human security studies over the last two decades with the perspective of disaster studies focusing on the resilience and securitabilities of the affected societies. To illustrate the merit of the proposed analytical framework a specifically tailored social survey is used to measure the resilience of Ogre’s (Latvia) society after it faces major floods in 2013. It foresees that community’s resilience is inversely proportional to the decreases along seven human security dimensions while directly proportional to the trust to different security providers.

Findings
– The illustrative case study proves a larger deterioration of security and a wider scope of “socially affected” victims than could be identified with the field observations or document analysis. It also proves that the people in crisis situations clearly trust to themselves, friends and family, while much less to the conventional security providers or the local municipality or government. While the security is to be perceived more multi-faceted than homogenous, the results prove that the environmental and food security concerns due to the hazard climbed the fear rankings replacing the usually feared health security.

Originality/value
– The paper provides several counterarguments to the critics of Human Security concept by proving its comprehensive application to any society despite its level of development, while also offering a new analytical approach to measure the security and resilience of people facing a sudden dangerous external impact, such as a natural hazard.