bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High pressure homogenization of Nannochloropsis oculata for the extraction of intracellular components: Effect of process conditions and culture age
Authors: Shene Carolina , Monsalve María Teresa , Vergara Daniela , Lienqueo María Elena , Rubilar Mónica 
Published: May 2015

Nannochloropsis is a genus of unicellular eukaryotes known primarily from the marine environment whose members are potential sources of lipids and long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids; for the extraction of these and other valuable cell components, cell disruption is needed. High pressure homogenization (HPH) would be particularly suitable for microalgae with a recalcitrant cell wall such as Nannochloropsis. HPH conditions should be determined based on both the target cell component and properties of the cell suspension that in some cases are dependent on the age of the culture. The yields of soluble protein and total sugars from N. oculata ranged from 22.7 to 50.4 mg/g and from 55.0 to 62.5 mg/g, respectively, depending on HPH conditions (loading pressure and number of passes). The yield of the lipids extracted with the method of Bligh and Dyer was not affected by HPH conditions whereas lipids extracted with Soxhlet method ranged between 8.2 and 16.2%. Main fatty acids in the lipids extracted with the method of Bligh and Dyer and total lipids were palmitic acid (17.2 ± 0.1–23.0 ± 0.2%), palmitoleic acid (22.9 ± 0.3–19.1 ± 0.9%), and eicosapentaenoic acid (20.6 ± 0.3–29.2 ± 0.3%). HPH of N. oculata cells promoted a different effect on particle size distribution (PSD) depending on the age of the culture. HPH reduced cell aggregation observed in the 10 day cell suspension, whereas it promoted aggregation of the 30 day cell suspension.Practical applications: The feasibility of producing a wide range of products from microalgae is determined by the culture conditions and the conditions of the stages in the downstream processing. Because main microalgae components are intracellular, a scalable cell disruption operation such as HPH is required. Cell disruption degree is determined not only by the equipment design and its operational conditions but also by the cell suspension properties. The results allowed us to conclude that a different combination loading pressure/number of passes in HPH maximizes the recovery of hydrosoluble compounds (proteins and sugars) and lipids in N. oculata. Besides, since the PSD of the microalgae suspension is a function of culture age, this variable could affect process productivity.The effects of HPH conditions on the subsequent recovery of hydrosoluble intracellular components (protein and sugars) and the extraction of lipids accumulated by N. oculata were determined. The best combination of the operation conditions for HPH was used for the recovery of the studied components from the microalgae harvested at different periods (culture age). Particle size distribution (PSD) of the cell suspension before and after homogenization was determined to test the effect of culture age on cell disruption. Our results suggest that the conditions of HPH of N. oculata should be defined considering the component of interest.
Prevalence of Eating Disorder Risk and Associations with Health‐related Quality of Life: Results from a Large School‐based Population Screening
Authors: Zeiler Michael , Waldherr Karin , Philipp Julia , Nitsch Martina , Dür Wolfgang , Karwautz Andreas , Wagner Gudrun 
Published: May 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of eating disorder (ED) risk as well as associated psychopathology and health‐related quality of life (HrQoL) in a large population sample of Austrian adolescents.MethodA sample of 3610 adolescents aged 10–18 years was recruited from 261 schools representative for the Austrian population. The SCOFF questionnaire was used to identify participants at risk for EDs, and the Youth Self‐Report and KIDSCREEN were used to assess general psychopathology and HrQoL.ResultsIn total, 30.9% of girls and 14.6% of boys were screened at risk for EDs. SCOFF scores were significantly associated with internalising and externalising behavioural problems as well as HrQoL after controlling for sex, age and body mass index. The SCOFF score further turned out to be an independent predictor of HrQoL.DiscussionThe high prevalence of ED risk among Austrian adolescents points out the need for prevention in this field. Variables indicating eating pathology should be included in general mental health screenings. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Eating Disorder Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation: The Moderating Role of Disgust
Authors: Chu Carol , Bodell Lindsay P. , Ribeiro Jessica D. , Joiner Thomas E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractDisgust has been implicated as a factor that maintains and exacerbates eating disorder (ED) symptoms. Emerging research suggests that disgust may be a risk factor for suicidality. Given the high rates of suicidality among individuals with EDs, we propose that disgust may contribute to the link between EDs and suicidality. To test this hypothesis, self‐report data were collected from 341 young adults (66% women). Cross‐sectional associations between disgust with the self, others and the world and disgust sensitivity and propensity, ED symptoms and suicidal ideation were examined using multivariate regression analyses. ED symptoms and body dissatisfaction were associated with increased suicidal ideation at high levels of disgust with the self and the world; at low levels of disgust, ED symptoms and body dissatisfaction did not significantly relate to suicidal ideation. Disgust may indicate risk for suicidal ideation among individuals with eating psychopathology. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Effect of 10 different TiO2 and ZrO2 (nano)materials on the soil invertebrate Enchytraeus crypticus
Authors: Gomes Susana I.L. , Caputo Gianvito , Pinna Nicola , Scott-Fordsmand Janeck J. , Amorim Mónica J.B. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Nearly 80% of all the nano-powders produced worldwide are metal oxides, and among these materials titanium dioxide (TiO2) is one of the most produced. Titanium dioxide's toxicity is estimated as low to soil organisms, but some studies have shown that TiO2 nanoparticles can cause oxidative stress. Additionally, it is known that TiO2 is activated by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which can promote photocatalytic generation of reactive oxygen species, which is seldom taken into account in toxicity testing. In the present study, the authors investigated the effects of different TiO2 and zirconium materials on the soil oligochaete Enchytraeus crypticus, using exposure via soil, water, and soil:water extracts, and studied the effects combined with UV radiation. The results showed that zirconium dioxide (bulk and nano) was not toxic, whereas zirconium tetrachloride reduced enchytraeid reproduction in soil (50% effect concentration = 502 mg/kg). The TiO2 materials were also not toxic via soil exposure or under UV radiation. However, pre-exposure to TiO2 and UV radiation via aqueous media caused a lower reproductive output post-exposure in clean soil (20–50% less but only observed at the lowest concentration tested, 1 mg/L); that is, the effect of TiO2 in water was potentiated by the UV radiation and measurable as a decrease in reproduction in soil media. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2409–2416. © 2015 SETAC
Request routing through collaborative in‐network caching for bandwidth optimization: a methodology
Authors: Xu Yuemei , Wang Zihou , Li Yang , Chen Fu , Lin Tao , Niu Wenjia 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTo reduce data access latency, network traffic volume and server load, in‐network caching was proposed and has become an intrinsic component of the content‐centric network (CCN) architecture. The content‐oriented characteristics of in‐network caching, such as arbitrary topology and volatile content locations, make routers content‐aware and supportive of fast content distribution. Meanwhile, they also raise new challenges in content placement and request routing, namely, how to optimally make content storage decisions and forward user requests towards a ‘best’ (e.g. closest) available content replicas, so as to minimize the bandwidth cost under storage and link capacity limit. To address this problem, we build a distributed in‐network caching model to formulate the content placement and request routing in CCN, aiming at minimizing the bandwidth cost with strict storage and bandwidth constraints. Based on the proposed model, we design a scalable, adaptive and low‐complexity in‐network caching scheme for content placement and request routing and analyse the performance gains via simulations on a real Internet Service Provider (ISP) network topology and traffic traces. The experimental results show the proposed model and scheme are superior. Compared with the existing works, we also observe significant performance enhancements in terms of hit ratio of requests, reduction of server load and bandwidth cost. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Xyolide, a Natural Bioactive Nonenolide
Authors: Maram Lingaiah , Das Biswanath 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA stereoselective total synthesis of xyolide, a naturally occurring bioactive nonenolide, has been accomplished. The acid fragment of the molecule has been prepared from D‐mannitol and the alcohol fragment from (2Z)‐but‐2‐ene‐1,4‐diol. The synthesis involves the coupling of these two fragments using the Yamaguchi esterification protocol, followed by intramolecular ring‐closing methathesis. The diastereoisomeric alcohol fragment has also been utilized in this synthesis by employing the Mitsunobu esterification.
Biflavonoids, Lignans, and Related Compounds from the Roots of Diplomorpha canescens
Authors: Prasad Devkota Hari , Raj Joshi Khem , Watanabe Takashi , Yahara Shoji 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo new biflavonoids, 14″‐O‐methyldihydrodaphnodorin B (1) and 14″‐O‐methyldaphnodorin J (2), along with 16 known compounds, i.e., dihydrodaphnodorin B (3), daphnodorin J (4), 3″‐epidihydrodaphnodorin B (5), daphnodorin B (6), neochamaejasmin B (7), sikokianin B (8), (−)‐syringaresinol (9), (−)‐syringaresinol 4‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (10), (+)‐nortrachelogenin (11), (−)‐lariciresinol (12), (−)‐pinoresinol (13), syringin (14), syringinoside (15), daphnoretin (16), phorbol 13‐acetate (17), and methyl paraben (18) were isolated from the roots of Diplomorpha canescens (Meisn.) C.A. Meyer. The structures were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data.
Menverins H–L, New Highly Oxygenated Guaiane Lactones from the Gorgonian Coral Menella kanisa
Authors: Yu Lian , Lin Lin , Long Bin , Chen Yinning , Lei Fu , Wen Liangjuan , Sun Haiyan , Gao Chenghai , Huang Riming 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBy further chemical investigation of South China Sea gorgonian Menella kanisa, five new highly oxygenated guaiane lactones, menverins H–L (1–5, resp.), were obtained. Their structures were established by employing spectroscopic methods, computer modeling, and comparison of their data with those of related metabolites.
Terpenoids from the Stems of Drypetes congestiflora
Authors: Chen Wen‐Hao , Han Chang‐Ri , Hui Yang , Zhang Da‐Shuai , Song Xin‐Ming , Chen Guang‐Ying , Song Xiao‐Ping 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTwo new eremophilane‐type sesquiterpenoids, 1α‐hydroxyeremophila‐6,9,11‐trien‐8‐one (1), 4α‐hydroxyeremophila‐1,9‐diene‐3,8‐dione (2), and a new friedelane‐type triterpenoid, friedelane‐3α,16β‐diol (4), along with six known terpenoids, 3 and 5–9, have been isolated from the stems of Drypetes congestiflora. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses and by comparison of their NMR data with those reported in the literature. All of the compounds, 1–9, were isolated for the first time from this species. Compound 3 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activities against the A549 and B16F10 cell lines.
Urine testing for antipsychotics: a pilot trial for a method to determine detection levels
Authors: Miller Jennifer , Wehring Heidi , McMahon Robert P. , DiPaula Bethany A. , Love Raymond C. , Morris Ayodele Antoinette , Raley Heather , Feldman Stephanie , Kelly Deanna L. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveThe goal of the present study was to demonstrate that the analytical assay of interest can detect antipsychotics in human urine specimens.MethodForty inpatients treated with haloperidol, quetiapine, risperidone, or olanzapine were recruited to participate in a one visit study. During the study visit, demographic and clinical information was collected as well as one urine sample that was forwarded to the Ameritox Laboratory and assayed for the presence of antipsychotic medications and/or metabolites. Urine samples were analyzed to determine detection sensitivity for four antipsychotic medications and their metabolites (risperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine, and/or haloperidol) using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry.ResultsAll urine samples produced positive results for the antipsychotic(s) the participants were known to be taking. Urine concentrations (level of quantification) for parent drugs ranged from <25–417 ng/mL for haloperidol, <25–4017 ng/mL for quetiapine, 0–997 ng/mL for risperidone, and 57–700 ng/mL for olanzapine.ConclusionThe analytical assay produced by Ameritox, Ltd using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry can qualitatively detect antipsychotics in human urine specimens. The present study highlights the potential utility of the urine assay to help monitor adherence to antipsychotic medications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short‐term, low‐dose cadmium exposure induces hyperpermeability in human renal glomerular endothelial cells
Authors: Li Liqun , Dong Fengyun , Xu Dongmei , Du Linna , Yan Suhua , Hu Hesheng , Lobe Corrinne G. , Yi Fan , Kapron Carolyn M. , Liu Ju 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe kidney is the principal organ targeted by exposure to cadmium (Cd), a well‐known toxic metal. Even at a low level, Cd damages glomerular filtration. However, little is known about the effects of Cd on the glomerular endothelium, which performs the filtration function and directly interacts with Cd in blood plasma. In this study, we cultured human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) in the presence of serum with treatment of a short term (1 h) and low concentration (1 μm) of Cd, which mimics the pattern of glomerular endothelium exposure to Cd in vivo. We found that this short‐term, low‐dose Cd exposure does not induce cytotoxicity, but increases permeability in HRGECs monolayers and redistributes adherens junction proteins vascular endothelial‐cadherin and β‐catenin. Though short‐term, low‐dose Cd exposure activates all three major mitogen activated protein kinases, only the inhibitor of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase partially prevents Cd‐induced hyperpermeability in HRGECs. Our data indicate that the presence of Cd in blood circulation might directly disrupt the glomerular endothelial cell barrier and contribute to the development of clinical symptoms of glomerular diseases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicogenomic responses of human liver HepG2 cells to silver nanoparticles
Authors: Sahu Saura C. , Zheng Jiwen , Yourick Jeffrey J. , Sprando Robert L. , Gao Xiugong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe increased use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in foods and cosmetics has raised public safety concerns. However, only limited knowledge exists on the effect of AgNPs on the cellular transcriptome. This study evaluated global gene expression profiles of human liver HepG2 cells exposed to 20 and 50 nm AgNPs for 4 and 24 h at 2.5 µg ml–1. Exposure to 20 nm AgNPs resulted in 811 altered genes after 4 h, but much less after 24 h. Exposure to 50 nm AgNPs showed minimal altered genes at both exposure times. The HepG2 cells responded to the toxic insult of AgNPs by transiently upregulating stress response genes such as metallothioneins and heat shock proteins. Functional analysis of the altered genes showed more than 20 major biological processes were affected, of which metabolism, development, cell differentiation and cell death were the most dominant categories. Several cellular pathways were also impacted by AgNP exposure, including the p53 signaling pathway and the NRF2‐mediated oxidative stress response pathway, which may lead to increased oxidative stress and DNA damage in the cell and potentially result in genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. Together, these results indicate that HepG2 cells underwent a multitude of cellular processes in response to the toxic insult of AgNP exposure, and suggest that toxicogenomic characterization of human HepG2 cells could serve as an alternative model for assessing toxicities of NPs. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
EGF Inhibits Wnt/β‐Catenin‐Induced Osteoblast Differentiation by Promoting β‐Catenin Degradation
Authors: Boonanantanasarn Kanitsak , Lee Hye‐Lim , Baek Kyunghwa , Woo Kyung Mi , Ryoo Hyun‐Mo , Baek Jeong‐Hwa , Kim Gwan‐Shik 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTBone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and canonical Wnts are representative developmental signals that enhance osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Previously, we demonstrated that epidermal growth factor (EGF) inhibits BMP2‐induced osteoblast differentiation by inducing Smurf1 expression. However, the regulatory role of EGF in Wnt/β‐catenin‐induced osteoblast differentiation has not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effect of EGF on Wnt/β‐catenin signaling‐induced osteoblast differentiation using the C2C12 cell line. EGF significantly suppressed the expression of osteoblast marker genes, which were induced by Wnt3a and a GSK‐3β inhibitor. EGF increased the expression levels of Smurf1 mRNA and protein. Smurf1 knockdown rescued Wnt/β‐catenin‐induced osteogenic marker gene expression in the presence of EGF. EGF treatment or Smurf1 overexpression did not affect β‐catenin mRNA expression levels, but reduced β‐catenin protein levels and TOP‐Flash activity. EGF and Smurf1 promoted β‐catenin ubiquitination. Co‐immunoprecipitation and GST pull‐down assays showed that Smurf1 associates with β‐catenin. These results suggest that EGF/Smurf1 inhibits Wnt/β‐catenin‐induced osteogenic differentiation and that Smurf1 downregulates Wnt/β‐catenin signaling by enhancing proteasomal degradation of β‐catenin. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2849–2857, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Platelet‐Rich Plasma Increases Growth and Motility of Adipose Tissue‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Controls Adipocyte Secretory Function
Authors: D'Esposito Vittoria , Passaretti Federica , Perruolo Giuseppe , Ambrosio Maria Rosaria , Valentino Rossella , Oriente Francesco , Raciti Gregory A. , Nigro Cecilia , Miele Claudia , Sammartino Gilberto , Beguinot Francesco , Formisano Pietro 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTAdipose tissue‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad‐MSC) and platelet derivatives have been used alone or in combination to achieve regeneration of injured tissues. We have tested the effect of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) on Ad‐MSC and adipocyte function. PRP increased Ad‐MSC viability, proliferation rate and G1‐S cell cycle progression, by at least 7‐, 2‐, and 2.2‐fold, respectively, and reduced caspase 3 cleavage. Higher PRP concentrations or PRPs derived from individuals with higher platelet counts were more effective in increasing Ad‐MSC growth. PRP also accelerated cell migration by at least 1.5‐fold. However, PRP did not significantly affect mature adipocyte viability, differentiation and expression levels of PPAR‐γ and AP‐2 mRNAs, while it increased leptin production by 3.5‐fold. Interestingly, PRP treatment of mature adipocytes also enhanced the release of Interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, Interferon‐γ, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Thus, data are consistent with a stimulatory effect of platelet derivatives on Ad‐MSC growth and motility. Moreover, PRP did not reduce mature adipocyte survival and increased the release of pro‐angiogenic factors, which may facilitate tissue regeneration processes. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2408–2418, 2015. © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The characteristics of patients frequently admitted to academic medical centers in the United States
Authors: Szekendi Marilyn K. , Williams Mark V. , Carrier Danielle , Hensley Laurie , Thomas Stephen , Cerese Julie 
Published: May 2015

BACKGROUNDThe recent intense attention to hospital readmissions and their implications for quality, safety, and reimbursement necessitates understanding specific subsets of readmitted patients. Frequently admitted patients, defined as patients who are admitted 5 or more times within 1 year, may have some distinguishing characteristics that require novel solutions.METHODSA comprehensive administrative database (University HealthSystem Consortium's Clinical Data Base/Resource Manager™) was analyzed to identify demographic, social, and clinical characteristics of frequently admitted patients in 101 US academic medical centers.RESULTSWe studied 28,291 frequently admitted patients with 180,185 admissions over a 1‐year period (2011–2012). These patients comprise 1.6% of all patients, but account for 8% of all admissions and 7% of direct costs. Their admissions are driven by multiple chronic conditions; compared to other hospitalized patients, they have significantly more comorbidities (an average of 7.1 vs 2.5), and 84% of their admissions are to medical services. A minority, but significantly more than other patients, have comorbidities of psychosis or substance abuse. Moreover, although they are slightly more likely than other patients to be on Medicaid or to be uninsured (27.6% vs 21.6%), nearly three‐quarters have private or Medicare coverage.CONCLUSIONSPatients who are frequently admitted to US academic medical centers are likely to have multiple complex chronic conditions and may have behavioral comorbidities that mediate their health behaviors, resulting in acute episodes requiring hospitalization. This information can be used to identify solutions for preventing repeat hospitalization for this small group of patients who consume a highly disproportionate share of healthcare resources. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:563–568. © 2015 The Authors Journal of Hospital Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Hospital Medicine