bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photo‐Responsive Polymeric Structures Based on Spiropyran
Authors: Florea Larisa , Diamond Dermot , Benito‐Lopez Fernando 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSpiropyrans are one of the most popular classes of photochromic compounds that change their optical and structural properties in response to external inputs such as light, protons and metal ions, making them ideal molecules for the fabrication of multifunctional stimuli‐responsive materials. Nowadays, the emphasis in polymeric materials incorporating spiropyran units focuses on the effectiveness of their reversible response to external photonic stimuli. Photo‐control of a range of key characteristics for flow systems, such as wettability, permeability, photo‐modulation of flow by photo‐actuation of valves, photonic control of uptake and release of guests using films and coatings, and colorimetric sensing of various species, are highlighted and discussed. magnified image
Association of VEGF and KDR single nucleotide polymorphisms with colorectal cancer susceptibility in Koreans
Authors: Jang Moon Ju , Jeon Young Joo , Kim Jong Woo , Cho Yun Kyung , Lee Seung Ku , Hwang Seong Gyu , Oh Doyeun , Kim Nam Keun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor kinase insert domain‐containing receptor (KDR) play crucial roles in angiogenesis, which contributes to the development and progression of solid tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of VEGF (−2578C > A, −1154G > A, −634G > C, and 936C > T) and KDR (−604T > C and 1192G > A) polymorphisms with the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 882 participants (390 CRC patients and 492 controls) were enrolled in the study. The genotyping of VEGF and KDR polymorphisms was performed by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. We found that the CT and TT genotype of the 936C > T was associated with an increased risk of CRC compared with the CC genotype as the dominant model for the T allele. In addition, we also found a increased CRC risk with TC + CC genotype of KDR −604T > C compared with TT genotype in CRC patients and control subjects. Similarly, KDR 1192G > A also showed significant association between 1192G > A variants and risk of CRC. In the haplotype analyses, haplotype −2578A/−1154A/−634G/936T of VEGF polymorphisms and haplotype −604C/1192G and −604C/1192A of KDR polymorphisms were associated with an increased susceptibility of CRC. Our results suggest that the VEGF 936C > T, KDR −604T > C, and KDR 1192G > A polymorphisms may be contribute to CRC risk in the Korean population. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multislice cardiac arterial spin labeling using improved myocardial perfusion quantification with simultaneously measured blood pool input function
Authors: Campbell‐Washburn Adrienne E. , Zhang Hui , Siow Bernard M. , Price Anthony N. , Lythgoe Mark F. , Ordidge Roger J. , Thomas David L. 
Published: November 2012

PurposeMyocardial blood flow (MBF) is an important indicator of cardiac tissue health, which can be measured using arterial spin labeling. This study aimed to develop a new method of MBF quantification with blood pool magnetization measurement (“bpMBF quantification”) that allows multislice cardiac arterial spin labeling.Theory and MethodsA multislice segmented ECG‐gated Look‐Locker T1 mapping sequence was validated. Quantification of multislice arterial spin labeling is not straightforward due to the large volume of blood inverted following slice‐selective inversion. For bpMBF quantification, a direct measurement of the left‐ventricle blood pool magnetization was used to approximate the blood input function into the Bloch equations. Simulations and in vivo measurements in the mouse heart were performed to evaluate the bpMBF method.ResultsMeasurements indicated that blood pool magnetization requires ∼3 s to return to equilibrium following slice‐selective inversion. Simulation and in vivo results show that bpMBF quantification is robust to variations in slice‐selective thickness and therefore applicable to multislice acquisition, whereas traditional methods are likely to underestimate multislice perfusion. In vivo, single and multislice perfusion values matched well when quantified using bpMBF.ConclusionThe first multislice cardiac arterial spin labeling technique has been presented, which can be used for accurate perfusion measurements in studies of cardiac disease. Magn Reson Med, 70:1125–1136, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Secondary mutations in BRCA2 associated with clinical resistance to a PARP inhibitor
Authors: Barber Louise J , Sandhu Shahneen , Chen Lina , Campbell James , Kozarewa Iwanka , Fenwick Kerry , Assiotis Ioannis , Rodrigues Daniel Nava , Reis-Filho Jorge S , Moreno Victor , Mateo Joaquin , Molife L Rhoda , De Bono Johann , Kaye Stan , Lord Christopher J , Ashworth Alan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPARP inhibitors (PARPi) for the treatment of BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficient tumours are currently the focus of seminal clinical trials exploiting the concept of synthetic lethality. Although clinical resistance to PARPi has been described, the mechanism underlying this has not been elucidated. Here, we investigate tumour material from patients who had developed resistance to the PARPi olaparib, subsequent to showing an initial clinical response. Massively parallel DNA sequencing of treatment‐naive and post‐olaparib treatment biopsies identified tumour‐specific BRCA2 secondary mutations in olaparib‐resistant metastases. These secondary mutations restored full‐length BRCA2 protein, and most likely cause olaparib resistance by re‐establishing BRCA2 function in the tumour cells. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional ultrasound and maternal bonding, a third trimester study and a review
Authors: de Jong‐Pleij E. A. P. , Ribbert L. S. M. , Pistorius L. R. , Tromp E. , Mulder E. J. H. , Bilardo C. M. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare the effect of third trimester three‐dimensional and four‐dimensional (3D/4D) versus two‐dimensional (2D) ultrasound (US) of the fetal face on maternal bonding. Studies quantifying the psychological effect of 3D/4D US on mothers, pregnant of a fetus with no detectable abnormalities, were reviewed.MethodsOne hundred sixty Caucasian women attended a third trimester 3D/4D or 2D US examination. Women filled out the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS) 1 to 2 weeks before (MAAS1) and 1 to 2 weeks after (MAAS2) the US examination. Visibility, recognition and attractiveness were assessed.ResultsWithin both US groups, the MAAS2 scores were significantly higher than the MAAS1 scores (p < 0.0001). No differences in MAAS scores between the US groups emerged. Visibility and recognition were significantly positively related with the increase in MAAS scores (p = 0.003 and p = 0.042) in the 3D/4D group.Of 13 psychological studies, eight studies evaluated bonding and found no difference between 3D/4D and 2D US. The effect of 3D/4D US on satisfaction or perception showed conflicting results, and on anxiety/stress, reduction was the same as after 2D US.ConclusionsBonding increases after either a 3D/4D or 2D US. The effect of 3D/4D US on bonding is stronger at better degrees of visibility and recognition. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abnormal infant pulmonary function in young children with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy
Authors: Kerby Gwendolyn S. , Wagner Brandie D. , Popler Jonathan , Hay Thomas C. , Kopecky Carol , Wilcox Stephanie L. , Quinones Ralph R. , Giller Roger H. , Accurso Frank J. , Deterding Robin R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRationaleLung function in children with neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) and correlations with future clinical outcomes are needed to guide clinical management.ObjectiveTo compare results of infant pulmonary function tests (IPFTs) in children with NEHI to disease control (DC) subjects and to correlate NEHI IPFTs with future outcomes.MethodsWe performed a retrospective, single center study of IPFT in subjects diagnosed by lung biopsy (NEHI) or clinically (NEHI syndrome) and in DC subjects evaluated for cancer or pre‐hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression (RVRTC) and plethysmography were performed on all infants and evaluated for quality. Standard spirometry measures, room air oxygen saturations (RA O2 sat), and weight percentiles were collected during follow up.Measurements and Main ResultsFifty‐seven IPFTs were performed in 15 NEHI, 22 NEHI syndrome, and 20 DC subjects. RVRTC and FRC measurements were obtained in 85% or more of subjects in all groups. Significant airflow limitation (FEV0.5 P‐value ≤ 0.01) and air trapping (FRC P‐value ≤ 0.01) were seen in NEHI and NEHI syndrome subjects compared to DCs. No significant correlations were found between IPFT, oxygen use, RA O2 sat, and weight at the time of the IPFTs. Initial FEV0.5 and FRC z‐scores correlated with RA O2 sat (r = 0.60 and −0.49) at short‐term follow up (6–12 months). Most measurements of RVRTC correlated with FEV1 (n = 5) measured 4–5 years later (r > 0.50).ConclusionsIPFTs in NEHI subjects are feasible, demonstrate significant obstruction and air trapping, and correlate with future RA O2 sat and FEV1. IPFTs may provide valuable clinical information when caring for NEHI patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:1008–1015. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Short‐term and Long‐term Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Skin Properties
Authors: Almalty Abdul‐Majeed R. , Hamed Saja H. , Al‐Dabbak Fuad M. , Shallan Amjad E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundElectrical stimulation (ES) has been used in treating different medical conditions; however, not much is known about the effect of this application on skin properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the short‐term and long‐term effects of ES on biophysical properties of the skin.MethodsA pretest–posttest control design was used in the study. Thirteen men (N = 13, age (M ± SD), 19 ± 5.6 years) were free of skin abnormality on the volar aspect of both forearms. Four areas were allocated and marked with a layout template of two circles 2 cm in diameter and 2 cm apart. Areas 1 and 2 were allocated on the experimental forearm and area 3 and 4 on the control forearm. ES was applied for 15 minutes with two rubber electrodes 8 cm apart surrounding areas 1 and 2 on the experimental forearm three times a week for 2 weeks. Skin properties including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), melanin content, erythema, elasticity and pH were measured pre‐ES, during ES and post‐ES, and after 2 weeks of applying ES to find out the short‐term and long‐term effects on skin.ResultsThe TEWL was increased during ES at 7, 15 and 15‐minutes post‐ES compared with the baseline (p < 0.01) and to the control forearm (p = 0.04) measurements, and no increase have been noticed of TEWL on the control forearm (p = 0.11). Also, we found no difference in the other skin properties (p > 0.05) on both forearms, and there were no long‐term effects (p > 0.05) in any tested variable.ConclusionElectrical stimulation caused temporary increase in TEWL with no effects on other skin properties. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The mediating role of interpersonal competence between adolescents' empathy and friendship quality: A dyadic approach
Authors: Chow Chong Man , Ruhl Holly , Buhrmester Duane 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe current study examined the effect of empathy on friendship quality in the context of dyadic same‐sex friendships, and how such an effect might be mediated by interpersonal competence. A special version of the actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) was used to examine this hypothesis in 146 same‐sex friend dyads in 10th grade. Results showed that empathy was positively related to intimacy and conflict management competences. Also, adolescents higher in intimacy and conflict management competences had more friendship closeness and less discord, respectively, as perceived by both members. Consistent with our hypothesis, the relationship between empathy and self‐ and friend‐reports of friendship closeness and discord were mediated by adolescents' intimacy and conflict management competence, respectively. These findings emphasize the importance of empathy and interpersonal competence in adolescent friendships, and of considering the interdependence of these constructs in friend dyads.
Principles of Exercise Physiology: Responses to Acute Exercise and Long‐term Adaptations to Training
Authors: Rivera‐Brown Anita M. , Frontera Walter R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPhysical activity and fitness are associated with a lower prevalence of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, high blood pressure, and diabetes. This review discusses the body's response to an acute bout of exercise and long‐term physiological adaptations to exercise training with an emphasis on endurance exercise. An overview is provided of skeletal muscle actions, muscle fiber types, and the major metabolic pathways involved in energy production. The importance of adequate fluid intake during exercise sessions to prevent impairments induced by dehydration on endurance exercise, muscular power, and strength is discussed. Physiological adaptations that result from regular exercise training such as increases in cardiorespiratory capacity and strength are mentioned. The review emphasizes the cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations that lead to improvements in maximal oxygen capacity.
Prevalence of otomycosis in Khouzestan Province, south-west Iran
Authors: Saki N , Rafiei A , Nikakhlagh S , Amirrajab N , Saki S 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground:This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of otomycosis and aetiological agents in Khouzestan province, south-west Iran.Methods:This cross-sectional study examined and cultured 881 swabs from suspected external otitis cases, collected from throughout Khouzestan province. Fungal agents were identified by slide culture and complementary tests when necessary.Results:The mean patient age was 37 years. The 20–39 year age group had the highest prevalence of otomycosis: 293 cases, comprising 162 (55.3 per cent) women and 131 (44.7 per cent) men. The seasonal distribution of cases was: summer, 44.7 per cent; autumn, 28.7 per cent; winter, 14.7 per cent; and spring, 11.9 per cent. The fungal agents isolated wereAspergillus niger(67.2 per cent),Aspergillus flavus(13 per cent),Candida albicans(11.6 per cent),Aspergillus fumigatus(6.2 per cent) and penicillium species (2 per cent).Conclusion:Fungal otomycosis is still one of the most important external ear diseases. In this study in south-west Iran,Aspergillus nigerwas the predominant aetiological agent. However, clinicians should be cautious of candidal otomycosis, which has a lower rate of incidence but is more prevalent among 20–39 year olds.
Remission, continuation and incidence of eating disorders during early pregnancy: a validation study in a population-based birth cohort
Authors: Watson H. J. , Von Holle A. , Hamer R. M. , Knoph Berg C. , Torgersen L. , Magnus P. , Stoltenberg C. , Sullivan P. , Reichborn-Kjennerud T. , Bulik C. M. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundWe internally validated previously published rates of remission, continuation and incidence of broadly defined eating disorders during pregnancy in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort (MoBa) at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health.MethodA total of 77 267 pregnant women enrolled at 17 weeks gestation between 2001 and 2009 were split into a training sample (n = 41 243) from the version 2 dataset and a validation sample (n = 36 024) from the version 5 dataset who were not in the original study. Internal validation of original rate models involved fitting a calibration model to compare model parameters between the two samples and bootstrap estimates of bias in the entire version 5 dataset.ResultsRemission, continuation and incidence estimates remained stable. Pre-pregnancy prevalence estimates in the validation sample were: anorexia nervosa (AN; 0.1%), bulimia nervosa (BN; 1.0%), binge eating disorder (BED; 3.3%) and eating disorder not otherwise specified-purging disorder (EDNOS-P; 0.1%). In early pregnancy, estimates were: BN (0.2%), BED (4.8%) and EDNOS-P (<0.01%). Incident BN and EDNOS-P during pregnancy were rare. The highest rates were for full or partial remission for BN and EDNOS-P and continuation for BED.ConclusionsWe validated previously estimated rates of remission, continuation and incidence of eating disorders during pregnancy. Eating disorders, especially BED, during pregnancy were relatively common, occurring in nearly one in every 20 women. Pregnancy was a window of remission from BN but a window of vulnerability for BED. Training to detect eating disorders by obstetricians/gynecologists and interventions to enhance pregnancy and neonatal outcomes warrant attention.
Outcome of patent ductus arteriosus ligation in premature infants in the East of England: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kang Sok-Leng , Samsudin Salehuddin , Kuruvilla Minju , Dhelaria Anshoo , Kent Sue , Kelsall Wilfred A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundSurgical ligation of patent ductus arteriosus is considered when medical treatment fails or is contraindicated. This study aims to determine the mortality and morbidity of preterm neonates referred for patent ductus arteriosus ligation.MethodsA prospective study was conducted in the East of England to follow the outcome of premature infants under 37 weeks’ gestation undergoing patent ductus arteriosus ligation. A standardised proforma was used to collect information before and after the procedure.ResultsA total of 102 premature infants were recruited, and patent ductus arteriosus ligation was performed in 92. Surgical complications occurred in 8.7% (8/92), which included pneumothorax (5/8), recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (2/8), and chylothorax (1/8). Morbidity outcome data were not available for all infants. The incidence of chronic lung disease was 88% (88/99); intraventricular haemorrhage was 49% (49/100); necrotising enterocolitis 39% (39/99), and retinopathy of prematurity 42% (41/97). The overall mortality rate in our study was 7.8% (8/102). Mortality rate in infants who had patent ductus arteriosus ligation was 4.3% (4/92). The 30-day survival rate after ligation was 99% (91/92). Beyond 30 days post-ligation, three infants died from other causes that were not directly related to surgery.ConclusionPatent ductus arteriosus ligation in premature infants is associated with low mortality and complication rates; however, there is a high incidence of neonatal morbidity. Surgical capacity for patent ductus arteriosus ligation needs to be carefully planned nationally as the duration of “waiting time” and transport to another surgical centre could adversely affect outcomes in this high-risk population.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D insufficiency is associated with cardiometabolic risk in Korean adolescents: the 2008–2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)
Authors: Nam Ga Eun , Kim Do Hoon , Cho Kyung Hwan , Park Yong Gyu , Han Kyung Do , Kim Seon Mee , Lee Seung Hwan , Ko Byung Joon , Ji Kim Min 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveVitamin D insufficiency is known to be related to cardiometabolic disorders; however, the associations among serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration and metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents have not yet been clearly delineated. For this reason, we investigated the relationship among serum 25(OH)D concentration and metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factors among Korean adolescents.DesignWe performed a cross-sectional analysis and used hierarchical multivariate logistic regression analysis models to adjust for confounding variables.SettingWe used the data gathered during the 2008–2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES).SubjectsOur subjects included 1504 Korean adolescents aged 12–18 years who participated in the KNHANES.ResultsVitamin D insufficiency, defined as 25(OH)D concentration <50 nmol/l, was found in 75·3 % of Korean adolescents and was associated with an increased risk of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Waist circumference and BMI were the most closely correlated cardiometabolic components of metabolic syndrome according to serum 25(OH)D status, but no significant relationship was found between serum 25(OH)D concentration and insulin resistance or for the risks for high blood pressure, hyperglycaemia, reduced HDL-cholesterol or hypertriacylglycerolaemia, with or without adjustment for confounding variables.ConclusionsLow serum 25(OH)D concentration appears to be associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors and an increased risk of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Korean adolescents.
Hyperspectral Cathodoluminescence Imaging and Analysis Extending from Ultraviolet to Near Infrared
Authors: MacRae C.M. , Wilson N.C. , Torpy A. , Davidson C.J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe measurement of near-infrared (NIR) cathodoluminescence (CL) with sufficient sensitivity to allow full spectral mapping has been investigated through the application of optimized grating spectrometers that allow the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and NIR CL spectra to be measured simultaneously. Two optical spectrometers have been integrated into an electron microprobe, allowing simultaneous collection of hyperspectral CL (UV-NIR), characteristic X-rays, and electron signals. Combined hyperspectral CL spectra collected from two natural apatite (Ca5[PO4]3[OH,F]) samples from Wilberforce (Ontario, Canada) and Durango (Mexico) were qualitatively analyzed to identify the emission centers and then deconvoluted pixel-by-pixel using least-squares fitting to produce a series of ion-resolved CL intensity maps. Preliminary investigation of apatite has shown strong NIR emissions associated primarily with the rare-earth element Nd. Details of growth and alteration were revealed in the NIR that were not discernable with electron-induced X-ray mapping. Intense emission centers from Nd3+ and Sm3+ were observed in the spectra from both apatites, along with minor emissions from other 3+ rare-earth elements. Quantitative electron probe microanalysis was performed on points within the mapped area of the Durango apatite to produce a calibration line relating cathodoluminescent intensity of the fitted peak centered at 1,073 nm (1.156 eV) to the Nd concentration.
Region-specific effects on BDNF expression after contingent or non-contingent cocaine i.v. self-administration in rats
Authors: Fumagalli Fabio , Moro Federico , Caffino Lucia , Orrù Alessandro , Cassina Chiara , Giannotti Giuseppe , Di Clemente Angelo , Racagni Giorgio , Riva Marco A. , Cervo Luigi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) dynamic changes were investigated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) during use and the early phases of cocaine abstinence after 14 sessions (2 h self-administration/d; 0.25 mg/0.1 ml.6 s infusion) by employing a ‘yoked control-operant paradigm'. The effect on BDNF was region-specific and dependent on the withdrawal time. In the NAc, BDNF protein levels increased immediately after the last self-administration session, with a larger increase in passively cocaine-exposed rats. In the mPFC, BDNF expression was elevated 24 h after the last self-administration session, independently of how the drug was encountered. No changes were found in NAc and mPFC 7 d after the last self-administration session. Analysis of transcript levels in the mPFC indicated that action on exon I might contribute to BDNF's cortical induction. These findings indicate a finely tuned modulation of BDNF expression during use and early phases of cocaine abstinence.