bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions among osteoblastic cells, Staphylococcus aureus, and chitosan‐immobilized titanium implants in a postoperative coculture system: An in vitro study
Authors: Ghimire Niranjan , Foss Berit L. , Sun Yuyu , Deng Ying 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBiomaterial‐related infections (BRIs) have become a major challenge in the field of orthopedic implants. In this study, we delved into the problem of BRI and attempted to reduce the possibility of BRI incidence via surface modification of titanium (Ti) with chitosan (SA‐CS‐Ti). To comprehensively evaluate the anti‐infection potential of SA‐CS‐Ti, we first constructed a postoperative infection (POI) model with varying concentrations of bacteria (102 CFU/sample and 104 CFU/sample) and a constant number of SaOS‐2 cells (105/sample). Then, we biologically characterized the interactions between the SaOS‐2 cells, bacteria, and different Ti implants using the POI model. The results from the osteoblastic cell and bacterial attachment tests demonstrated that the SA‐CS‐Ti surfaces exhibit superior osteogenic behavior relative to other Ti surfaces studied while showing significant anti‐infective activities in the POI model with a low infection ratio (bacteria: cell ratio of 0.001:1) 30 min after infection. Additionally, the SA‐CS‐Ti surfaces showed significantly reduced (p < 0.05) bacteria proliferation compared to the control Ti surfaces (UN‐Ti), demonstrating their antifouling property. The significantly increased (p < 0.05) sensitivity of Staphylococcus. aureus adhered to the SA‐CS‐Ti surfaces against cefazolin (1 mg/L treatment) and gentamicin (10 mg/L and 100 mg/L treatment) in the coculture system augmented potential of SA‐CS‐Ti to be used as orthopedic implants. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 586–594, 2016.
Effective transmission constrained economic dispatch for production costing
Authors: Wu Yu‐Chi , Huang Wen‐Liang , Wang Sheng‐Ching , Lin Jin‐Yuan , Chang Wei‐Fu 
Published: October 2015

SummaryIn this paper, an effective Schur complement method is presented to solve transmission‐constrained dispatch (TCD) for Monte Carlo production costing. Several techniques for improving TCD performance are also proposed by taking the advantages of TCD special problem structures. Numerical testing on a real‐life large‐scale power system is presented to illustrate the performance of these proposed methodologies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential role of endogenous cathepsin and microorganism in texture softening of ice‐stored grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) fillets
Authors: Ge Lihong , Xu Yanshun , Xia Wenshui , Jiang Qixing , Jiang Xiaoqing 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDTexture deterioration often negatively affects sensory attributes and commercial values of ice‐stored fish fillets. The mechanism of softening of fish fillets during chilling storage is not fully resolved. Grass carp is a predominant freshwater fish species in China. The objective of the present study was to investigate the differential role of endogenous cathepsin and microorganisms in texture softening of ice‐stored grass carp fillets.RESULTSThe fillets were immersed in either NaN3 solution to reduce microbial activity or in iodoacetic acid solution to exclude cathepsin activity before ice storage. Treatment with NaN3 reduced microbial load of fillets below 2 log CFU g−1 muscle during the entire storage period, and had no significant influence on the cathepsin activity and proteolysis. But the shear force of fillets treated with NaN3 decreased by 66% after 21 days of storage. Meanwhile, treatment with iodoacetic acid inactivated cathepsin B and B + L but did not significantly affect the microbial growth of fillets. Compared to NaN3 treatment, iodoacetic acid effectively alleviated softening and inhibited the increase in TCA‐soluble peptides during storage.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrated that proteolysis induced by endogenous cathepsins, rather than microorganisms, plays an important role in texture softening of ice‐stored grass carp fillets. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantifying regional variation in population trends using migrating counts
Authors: Crewe Tara L. , Taylor Philip D. , Lepage Denis , Smith Adam C. , Francis Charles M. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTQuantification of regional or national variation in population trends is an integral component of assessing species conservation status, and ideally uses spatial and temporal replicate surveys across the breeding or wintering ranges. However, populations of boreal‐breeding birds are often monitored using site‐specific trends in the number of individuals counted migrating through more populated regions en route to or from their breeding grounds. Combining data across sites to quantify regional variation in a population trend has not occurred, and would rely on the success of model selection to choose the model that best describes the underlying pattern of regional population change. Using simulated daily counts of migrating birds with known regional rate(s) of population trend, we tested the utility of Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) for detecting regional variation in population trend by comparing a series of hierarchical models that estimated nationally or regionally varying trends. When trends varied regionally, AIC successfully ranked the model that best described the regional pattern of population trend as the top model 100% of the time using 40‐year time series, and with as few as 3 monitoring sites in each region. When trends did not vary among regions, the more highly parameterized (incorrect) model with regionally varying trends was ranked as the top model ≤20% of the time, regardless of the length of time series or number of sites in a region. In this case, the incorrect regional model resulted in less precise trends but also comparable or higher power and comparable or lower probability of drawing false inference from the data than did the correct model. Compared with sampling 10 sites/region over a 20‐year time period, sampling as few as 3 sites/region over a 40‐year time period can result in a lower probability of detecting a false trend. Promoting long‐term monitoring at fewer sites can also minimize the financial and logistical resources required to maintain migration monitoring programs, and allow more recent population change to be interpreted within the context of long‐term population fluctuations. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Density dependence, whitebark pine, and vital rates of grizzly bears
Authors: van Manen Frank T. , Haroldson Mark A. , Bjornlie Daniel D. , Ebinger Michael R. , Thompson Daniel J. , Costello Cecily M. , White Gary C. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTUnderstanding factors influencing changes in population trajectory is important for effective wildlife management, particularly for populations of conservation concern. Annual population growth of the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) population in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, USA has slowed from 4.2–7.6% during 1983–2001 to 0.3–2.2% during 2002–2011. Substantial changes in availability of a key food source and bear population density have occurred. Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), the seeds of which are a valuable but variable fall food for grizzly bears, has experienced substantial mortality primarily due to a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak that started in the early 2000s. Positive growth rates of grizzly bears have resulted in populations reaching high densities in some areas and have contributed to continued range expansion. We tested research hypotheses to examine if changes in vital rates detected during the past decade were more associated with whitebark pine decline or, alternatively, increasing grizzly bear density. We focused our assessment on known‐fate data to estimate survival of cubs‐of‐the‐year (cubs), yearlings, and independent bears (≥2 yrs), and reproductive transition of females from having no offspring to having cubs. We used spatially and temporally explicit indices for grizzly bear density and whitebark pine mortality as individual covariates. Models indicated moderate support for an increase in survival of independent male bears over 1983–2012, whereas independent female survival did not change. Cub survival, yearling survival, and reproductive transition from no offspring to cubs all changed during the 30‐year study period, with lower rates evident during the last 10–15 years. Cub survival and reproductive transition were negatively associated with an index of grizzly bear density, indicating greater declines where bear densities were higher. Our analyses did not support a similar relationship for the index of whitebark pine mortality. The results of our study support the interpretation that slowing of population growth during the last decade was associated more with increasing grizzly bear density than the decline in whitebark pine. Grizzly bear density and its potential effect on vital rates and population trajectory warrant consideration for management of the grizzly bear population in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Combination of In Silico Analysis and In Vitro Assay to Investigate Drug Response to Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Mutations in Lung Cancer
Authors: Yu Xiyan , Wang Tong , Lou Ying , Li Yanwen 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been established as an important target of HER2‐positive lung cancer, but somatic mutations in HER2 kinase domain are frequently observed that may cause drug resistance and sensitivity for tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). In this study, the response profile of 14 small‐molecule TKIs upon 11 clinical HER2 mutations was investigated systematically using a synthetic strategy that integrated in silico analysis and in vitro assay to explore the structural basis, energetic property and biological implication underlying the intermolecular interactions of TKIs with wild‐type and variant HER2. It is found that most clinical mutations are far away from HER2 active site and thus can only address modest or moderate effect on inhibitor binding. However, few single‐point substations such as D769H and D769Y as well as the gatekeeper mutation T798 M were predicted to cause strong resistance for an array of TKIs by reshaping the geometric feature and physiochemical property of the active site. Furthermore, inhibitor response to the most common insertion mutation in HER2 exion 20 (HER2YVMA) was examined in detail; the response can be grouped into three classes: sensitization, resistance and insusceptibility. The Bcr‐Abl inhibitor bosutinib and EGFR inhibitor gefitinib were selected as the representatives of, respectively, sensitization and insusceptibility to perform kinase assay against the GST‐tagged, recombinant kinase domains of wild‐type HER2WT and HER2YVMA variant. As expected, the biological activity of bosutinib was improved by ∼160‐fold due to the insertion, while gefitinib exhibited low inhibitory potency on both HER2WT and HER2YVMA (IC50>100 μM). Structural analysis revealed an intensive network of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions in HER2YVMAbosutinib complex, whereas only few nonspecific van der Waals contacts were observed at the complex interface of HER2YVMA with gefitinib.
Effect of side chain length on the morphology of blends of 2,5‐bis(3‐alkylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene oligomers and fullerene derivatives
Authors: Marsh Hilary S. , Jayaraman Arthi 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTUsing molecular dynamics simulations we study blends of oligomers of 2,5‐bis(3‐alkylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene, BTTT, and fullerene derivative based acceptors to understand the role of oligomer length and alkyl side chain (SC) length on the morphology of their blends. We use a validated coarse‐grained model of BTTT and fullerene derivatives presented in recent work along with direct comparison of morphology between simulations and experiments. In this article, we predict computationally that short alkyl SCs (6 alkyl groups) decrease the propensity of fullerene derivative acceptors to intercalate between SCs on the BTTT backbone compared to longer alkyl SCs (9 or 12 alkyl groups), and as a result increase acceptor aggregation. The decreasing acceptor intercalation and increasing acceptor aggregation do not significantly impact the positional or orientational order of the BTTT backbones. However, the BTTT oligomer backbones order better with increasing SC length in both neat systems and in blends, with the blends exhibiting higher positional order than neat systems. While these qualitative trends are similar both in 2mer blends and 4mer blends, we see a larger extent of acceptor intercalation and as a result, smaller acceptor cluster sizes in the 4mer blends. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 89–97
The relative importance of cancer‐related and general health worries and distress among older adult, long‐term cancer survivors
Authors: Deimling Gary T. , Brown Sherri P. , Albitz Casey , Burant Christopher J. , Mallick Nabeel 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveThis research examines the relative importance that cancer‐related and non‐cancer illness factors play in generating general health worries and/or cancer‐related worries. The analysis also examines how these in turn impact anxiety and depression among older adult, long‐term cancer survivors.MethodsData from a longitudinal study of 245 older‐adult (age 60+ years), long‐term survivors (5 or more years after diagnosis) of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer are examined to identify the measurement properties and structure of general health and cancer‐related health worries. Based on that measurement analysis, structural equation models (SEM) are used to estimate the relative importance of cancer‐related and other illness predictors on cancer‐related worry and general health worry and how these two forms of worry affect both anxiety (POMS) and depression (CES‐D).ResultsThe results from the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of health worries identify two relatively independent measures of health worry, one of general health worry and a second of cancer‐related worries that includes fears of recurrence, new cancers, and follow‐up testing. SEM analyses identified the importance of current cancer‐related symptoms and comorbidities on cancer‐related worry. It also documents the primacy of non‐cancer symptoms and general health worry as predictors of anxiety and depression among older survivors.ConclusionsThe fact that cancer‐related symptoms continue to be associated with cancer‐related worries years after diagnosis speaks to the significance of these continuing sequelae. While the findings suggest the relative independence of cancer‐related worries and general health worries, both are correlated with anxiety and depression. This may be particularly problematic as survivors age and symptoms related to new health problems increase, while cancer‐related symptoms persist. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Saracatinib as a metastasis inhibitor in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer: A University of Chicago Phase 2 Consortium and DOD/PCF Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium Study
Authors: Posadas Edwin M. , Ahmed Rafi S. , Karrison Theodore , Szmulewitz Russell Z. , O'Donnell Peter H. , Wade James L. , Shen James , Gururajan Murali , Sievert Margarit , Stadler Walter M. 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUNDFyn is a kinase that is upregulated in a subset of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. Saracatinib potently inhibits Fyn activation. We have noted a relationship between Fyn expression and directional motility, a cellular process related to metastasis. As such we hypothesized that treatment with saracatinib would increase the time required to develop new metastatic lesions.METHODSPatients with metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer that had progressed after docetaxel were eligible for enrollment. This study was executed as a randomized discontinuation trial. During a lead‐in phase of two 28‐Day cycles, all patients received saracatinib. Afterward, patients with radiographically stable disease were randomized to either saracatinib or placebo. Patients continued treatment until evidence of new metastasis.RESULTSThirty‐one patients were treated. Only 26% of patients had stable disease after 8 weeks and thus proceeded to randomization. This required early termination of the study for futility. The 70% of patients who progressed after the lead‐in phase exhibited expansion of existing lesions or decompensation due to clinical progression without new metastatic lesions. Fatigue was reported in more than 25% of patients (all grades) with only two patients experiencing grade 3 toxicity. Other grade 3 adverse events included dehydration, thrombocytopenia, and weakness.CONCLUSIONSThis study was unable to determine if saracatinib had potential as metastasis inhibitor. Metastasis inhibition by saracatinib may still be viable in an earlier time in the disease history. Prostate 76:286–293, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermally‐activated post‐growth dewetting of fullerene C60 on mica
Authors: Bommel Sebastian , Spranger Holger , Weber C. , Kleppmann N. , Roth Stephan V. , Klapp S. H. L. , Kowarik Stefan 
Published: October 2015

Understanding and controlling the growth and stability of molecular thin films on solid surfaces is necessary to develop nanomaterials with well‐defined physical properties. As a prominent model system in organic electronics, we investigate the post‐growth dewetting kinetics of the fullerene C60 on mica with real‐time and in situ X‐ray scattering. After layer‐by‐layer growth of C60, we find a thermally‐activated post‐growth dewetting, where the smooth C60‐layer breaks up into islands. This clearly shows that growth is kinetically limited before the system moves over an activation barrier into an energetically favored configuration. From the temperature‐dependent dewetting kinetics we find an effective activation barrier of 0.33 eV, which describes both the temperature‐dependent macroscopic changes in the surface morphology and the microscopic processes of inter‐ and intralayer diffusion during dewetting.
magnified image(© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Efficacy of scent‐detection dogs for locating bat roosts in trees and snags
Authors: Chambers Carol L. , Vojta Christina D. , Mering Elisabeth D. , Davenport Barbara 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTConservation efforts for tree‐ and snag‐roosting bats are challenging because roost sites are difficult and costly to locate. We assessed the ability of scent detection dogs to locate bat roosts using controlled field experiments conducted at 2 sites in northern Arizona, USA, during July and August of 2007, with small bags of bat guano and known bat roosts. Scent detection dogs correctly detected 79% of guano bags and 29% of known bat roosts; but, when searching during shorter time periods for roosts only, dogs correctly detected 77% of known roosts. Factors affecting detection of guano bags included bag height and mass. Factors affecting detection of roosts included height, size of the bat colony, and air temperature. Rest breaks and competition between dogs apparently increased their success rate in finding roosts. Using a scent detection dog to locate roosts was similar in cost to radiotelemetry; however, the use of a scent detection dog was less invasive because the use of dogs precluded the need to capture and radiotag bats. Important considerations influencing the efficacy of using scent detection dogs include training and transportation costs, and skill level of dog handlers. Although some factors limit the ability of scent detection dogs to accurately locate roosts, dogs in our study approximated the roost location to within a 30‐m radius, which may be sufficient to protect these areas during management activities. If managers have the ability within an area to retain all large‐diameter snags that have bat roost characteristics, then scent detection dogs will likely not provide adequate added value to warrant their survey costs. However, scent dogs could be important for locating roosts of species that are imperiled or of conservation concern. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Crystal Structure of Cesium Phenylacetylide, CsC2C6H5, Solved and Refined from Synchrotron Powder Diffraction Data
Authors: Grzesiak Ireneus , Ruschewitz Uwe 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe crystal structure of cesium phenylacetylide, CsC2C6H5, was solved and refined from synchrotron powder diffraction data (Pbca, Z = 8). Each Cs+ cation is coordinated by five ligands: four acetylide groups coordinate side‐on and one end‐on. A similar arrangement is found in the crystal structure of NaC2H (P4/nmm, Z = 2). There is a group‐subgroup relationship between both structures. Most importantly, the crystal structure of CsC2C6H5 could only be solved with the help of synchrotron data, as the very good peak:noise ratio allowed the assignment of several very weak reflections, which finally led to the correct space group, in which a structural solution was possible using direct space methods.
Land use heterogeneity causes variation in demographic viability of a bioindicator of species‐richness in protected fen grasslands
Authors: Lemke Tristan , Salguero‐Gómez Roberto 
Published: October 2015

AbstractLand use change is one of the main drivers of species extinction. In Europe, grasslands are under active conflict between conservation efforts and increasing agricultural pressures. Here, we examine the demographic effects of differential land use on the herbaceous perennial Trollius europaeus L. (Ranunculaceae), a bioindicator of species‐richness and ecosystem services in wet grasslands of Central Europe. Demographic data were collected in 2006–2009 from nine populations in seven protected sites of northeastern Germany representing four land use types. We constructed stage‐based matrix population models to explore the effects of various land management on demographic viability of focal populations. We show that most studied populations are declining (λ < 1), although the estimates of local extinction vary between ≤15 years for grazed and woodland populations, and 20–99 years for mown and abandoned populations. The joint information from our elasticity analyses and life table response experiments revealed that reproduction, growth of small vegetative individuals and survival of reproductive stages are most important for population viability. Our study shows that the current land uses in protected areas where T. europaeus is found is incompatible with its long‐term viability. We suggest that, when compatible with in situ practices, grasslands containing this species be mown after maturity in order to enhance seedling recruitment and to reduce competition for juveniles. Prolonged extinction times in abandoned populations offer a buffer to develop conservation schemes there. An improvement of conservation measures is urgently needed to maintain the populations of this important bioindicator and its associated community of moist species‐rich fen grasslands.
La mano diabética
Authors: Renart I. 
Published: October 2015

La diabetes es una de las enfermedades con mayor prevalencia y repercusión sociosanitaria, no solo por su elevada frecuencia, sino también por el impacto de las complicaciones crónicas de la enfermedad y el papel que desempeña como factor de riesgo en la afección cardiovascular. Sin embargo, la diabetes también puede involucrar al sistema musculoesquelético y a los tejidos blandos de forma muy diversa, siendo la mano una de las regiones más afectadas. De hecho, se estima que el 40% de los pacientes diabéticos tienen problemas significativos de la mano que requieren una atención médica.En el presente artículo se revisan las principales enfermedades de la mano que van asociadas a la diabetes, haciendo especial hincapié en el tratamiento y el pronóstico de cada una de ellas.