bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Check plots in field breeding experiments
Authors: Mejza Stanisław , Mejza Iwona 
Published: December 2013

Summary This paper deals with the problems of selection in the early stages of a breeding program. During the improvement process, it is not possible to use an experimental design that satisfies the requirement of replicating all the treatments, because of the large number of genotypes involved, the small amount of seed and the low availability of resources. Hence unreplicated designs are used. To control the real or potential heterogeneity of experimental units, control (check) plots are arranged in the trial. There are many methods of using the information resulting from check plots. All of the usually applied adjusting methods for unreplicated experiments are appropriate for some specific structure of soil fertility. Their disadvantage is the fact that, before and also after the experiment, we usually do not know what a kind of soil structure is present in the experiment. Hence we cannot say which of the existing methods is appropriate for a given experimental situation. The method of inference presented below avoids this disadvantage. It is always appropriate, because of the fact that a trend of soil variability is identified and estimated. In the paper the main tool used to explore this information will be based on a response surface methodology. To begin with we will try to identify a response surface characterizing the experimental environments. We assume that observed yield (or another trait) results directly from two components, one of them due to soil fertility and the other due to the genotype effect. This means that difference between observed yield and forecast can be treated as the estimate of a genotype effect. The obtained response surface will then be used to adjust the observations for genotypes. Finally, the data so adjusted are used for inferences concerning the next stage of the breeding program. The theoretical considerations are illustrated with an example involving yields of spring barley.
Optical Correlation Using Four Wave Mixing in a Highly Nonlinear Fibre for Real-Time Serialized Ultrafast Systems
Authors: Shalihah Fithriyah , Mitchell Arnan , Bui Lam 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
A method of all-optical correlation is proposed using the nonlinear phenomena Four Wave Mixing (FWM) of two different signals. The method shows a serial solution where correlation of an ultrafast real-time serialized broadband source is demonstrated using a Highly Non-Linear Fibre (HNLF) with correlation rate reaching 200MHz.
Towards the Applications of Algorithms for Inverse Solutions in EEG Brain-Computer Interfaces
Authors: Jagodzińska Urszula 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Locating the sources of EEG signals (signal generators), i.e. indicating the places in the brain that the signals come from is the objective of the inverse problem in BCI applications using EEG. The two algorithms based on the methods used in the inverse problem: the linear least squares method and the LORETA1 method were compared. An analysis of the accuracy of locating the sources generating EEG signals on the basis of the two above mentioned methods was carried out with the use of the MATLAB programme. The findings made it possible to determine both the complexity of calculation involved in the methods under consideration and to compare the accuracy of the results obtained. Tests were done in which the inverse problem was solved on the basis of the data that were entered from the electrodes. Then potentials on electrodes were found by means of solving the forward problem once again Φ (Φ −Φ＾).Moreover, tests were conducted on simulated data describing current density at selected places in the brain. In this case potentials on the electrodes were found by means of solving the forward problem. Subsequently the inverse problem was solved and potentials at selected places in the brain were specified J(J −J＾). In the case of J(J −J＾) only the relative error was examined, while the variance was studied in both cases. As a result of doing the tests, it was proved that relative errors were the same in the SVD and PINV methods, while in the LORETA method the error was similar. The variance computed for these methods was more differentiated for each of the cases, which made it possible to compare the algorithms in a better way. Differentiation of the variances under 0.2 shows that the algorithms that have been analyzed work properly. On the basis of knowing the results of the inverse problem, an attempt was made to make a selection of the best features of the EEG signal which differentiates the classes. In the present work tests were conducted to examine the differentiation of selected classes. Welch’s t-statistics was used to differentiate and order them. The results of the tests present the order for three classes of thought tasks, i.e. imagining moving one’s left hand, imagining moving one’s right hand, imagining generating words beginning with a randomly chosen letter. The present work is an introduction to a wider classification of features which are made with the use of inverse solutions.
Geochronology and petrogenesis of granitoid rocks from the Goryczkowa Unit, Tatra Mountains (Central Western Carpathians)
Authors: Burda Jolanta , Gawęda Aleksandra , Klötzli Urs 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The geochemical characteristics as well as the LA-MC-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon age relationship between two granitoid suites found in the Goryczkowa crystalline core in the Western Tatra Mountains were studied. The petrological investigations indicate that both granitoid suites were emplaced at medium crustal level, in a VAG (volcanic arc granites) tectonic setting. However, these suites differ in source material melted and represent two different magmatic stages: suite 1 represents a high temperature, oxidized, pre-plate collision intrusion, emplaced at ca. 371 Ma while suite 2 is late orogenic/anatectic magma, which intruded at ca. 350 Ma. These data are consistent with a period of intensive magmatic activity in the Tatra Mountain crystalline basement. The emplacement of granitoids postdates the LP-HT regional metamorphism/ partial melting at ca. 387 Ma and at 433-410 Ma, imprinted in the inherited zircon cores.
An account of the bio- and magnetostratigraphy of the Upper Tithonian—Lower Berriasian interval at Le Chouet, Drôme (SE France)
Authors: Wimbledon William A.P. , Reháková Daniela , Pszczółkowski Andrzej , Casellato Cristina E. , Halásová Eva , Frau Camille , Bulot Luc G. , Grabowski Jacek , Sobień Katarzyna , Pruner Petr , Schnabl Petr , Čížková Kristýna 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This paper discusses the results of a study of the Le Chouet section, its lithologies, facies, magnetic properties and fossil record (ammonites, calcareous nannofossils, calpionellids and calcareous dinoflagellates). Data obtained have been applied to give a precise biostratigraphy for this carbonate sequence as well as a paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Its relationship to magnetostratigraphy, based on a modern study of a French site, is important. Investigation of the micro- and macrofossils shows that the site comprises a sedimentary sequence in the Microcanthum to Jacobi ammonite Zones, and the Chitinoidella, Crassicollaria and Calpionella Zones. Several calpionellid and nannofossil bioevents have been recorded on the basis of the distribution of stratigraphically important planktonic organisms. The site allows us to calibrate the levels of various biomarkers and biozonal boundaries, and correlate them with the magnetozones M20n, M19r and M19n.
Method for Evaluating Discomfort Glare Based on the Analysis of a Digital Image of an Illuminated Interior
Authors: Błaszczak Urszula Joanna 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The article proposes a method for measuring discomfort glare which uses numerical description of the phenomenon in the form of a digital luminance distribution map recorded on a CCD array. Essential procedures for determining partial quantities which are necessary for calculation of UGR index are discussed in detail, along with techniques for measuring position index and size of light sources, with regard to the parameters of the registering system and coordinates of the images of the sources on the array.
Jubula hutchinsiae subsp. javanica (Hepaticae, Jubulaceae): a genus and species new for Thailand
Authors: Sukkharak Phiangphak 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Jubula hutchinsiae (Hook.) Dumort. subsp. javanica (Steph.) Verd. collected from the Khao Soi Dao wildlife sanctuary, Chanthaburi province, is a new genus and species record for Thailand. A brief description based on Thai material is provided, with illustrations.
A Situational Theory of Advantages in Sport
Authors: Hämäläinen Mika 
Published: December 2013

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic explanation of the concept of advantage in the context of sport competitions. Advantage is a common concept in sports, but it also holds ambiguities that need clarification. Let’s say, for example, that the national soccer team of Brazil is playing the national team of Finland and is ahead 5 to 0. Finland receives a penalty kick due to a refereeing error. At this point, which of the teams has the advantage? In this paper, I answer this question through a systematic explanation of the concept of advantage. My theory is based on Sigmund Loland’s view that advantage can be distributed both formally and informally in sport competitions. I will develop Loland’s notion of formal advantage by introducing what I call an absolute sense of advantage - a relation of superiority that is based on the performances of two competitors. I replace informal advantage with what I refer to as an expectancy sense of advantage, which is related to expectations regarding the absolute advantage. These two senses of advantage have different functions, and I conclude that advantage is a phenomenon that plays a vital role in all sport competitions through these two senses - absolute and expectancy.
The predictors of cholelithiasis in female patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Cojocaru Doina-Clementina , Mitu Florin , Dascălu Cristina , Manole Alina , Dima-Cozma Corina 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Cholesterol gallstone disease is often associated with the metabolic syndrome. Female gender is an unmodifiable risk factor for cholelithiasis and, in its turn, the metabolic syndrome features a sexual dimorphism which warns that a global approach might overlook important discrimination. We carried out a retrospective analytical case-control study in order to perform a comparative analysis between two groups of female patients with metabolic syndrome and gallstones (n=60) or without gallstones (n=65). All the patients were investigated by abdominal ultrasound and met at least three criteria for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. Cases and controls were compared regarding anthropometric measurements, a complex lipid profile, and liver function tests. The risks associated with the likelihood of gallstones were estimated by means of cross-tabulation. In order to rank the significant variables we developed a binary logistic regression model which identified lean body weight ≤ 46.44 kg (OR 0.165; 95% CI 0.045–0.611; P = 0.007), total cholesterol ≥ 4.9 mmol/L (OR 15.948; 95% CI 2.700–94.205; P = 0.002), and direct bilirubin > 5.1 µmol/L (OR 0.056; 95% CI 0.013–0.235; P < 0.001), as variables with significant probability of association with the risk of gallstones in women with metabolic syndrome.
The Location (And Founding) of a Town of Poznań in Light of the Earliest Documents and Narrative Sources
Authors: Dobosz Józef 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The paper addresses the issue of the origins of the town of Poznań founded in mid-13th century under German law. The birth of the charter town on the left bank of the Warta river is illustrated first and foremost by sources: documents from the mid-13th century, particularly a location charter of 1253, and narrative sources, e.g. The Wielkopolska Chronicle and yearly records written in Wielkopolska. The town was the work of Przemysł I, the duke of Wielkopolska, who sorted out property issues on the left bank of the Warta, made grants and granted privileges, erected his new castle next to the new town, and together with his brother Bolesław issued a location charter in 1253. The duke’s action resulted in the rise of one of the most important urban centers in medieval Poland.
Ethnic Structure of St Petersburg – Petrograd – Leningrad in the Period of 1703-1991
Authors: Garczyk Bartłomiej 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
This article presents a multinational and multireligious character of St. Petersburg since the founding of the city to the collapse of the Soviet Union. An ethnic and cultural mosaic was also an important feature in other centers of Russia, including Moscow and Odessa, as well as forming part of the national capital of the Russian Empire in Warsaw, Riga and Tallinn. St. Petersburg is a city but of a symbolic and unique character. It is the subject of literary impressions and creative inspiration for generations of artists. In addition, St. Petersburg - Petrograd - Leningrad was the capital of a multinational and multireligious Russian Empire, Soviet Russia, and since 1918, it was the second most important city of the Soviet Union. The author’s intention is also to present the history of St. Petersburg - Petrograd - Leningrad, as seen through the prism of the history of national minorities living in it.
Ocena zawartości rtęci w poziomach powierzchniowych i podpowierzchniowych intensywnie użytkowanych rolniczo gleb aluwialnych / Assessment of total mercury content in the surface and subsurface horizons in intensively used agricultural alluvial soils
Authors: Bartkowiak Agata , Jaworska Hanna , Różański Szymon 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
One of the major factors determining hazard for humans, animals and plants is the increased content of trace elements in the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of mercury in surface and subsurface horizons of alluvial soils intensively used for agriculture in aspect of relationship between soil components and Hg amount bound by the soil. The results showed that there was no mercury contamination and dominant component binding this element in analyzed soils was clay fraction. The determined concentrations of mercury were close to the geochemical background level.
Humus Substances and Soil Structure
Authors: Tobiašová Erika , Miškolczi Juraj 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In this study, the soil structure of two soil types (Haplic Chernozems and Eutric Fluvisols) in four ecosystems (forest, meadow, urban and agro-ecosystem) with dependence on humus substances were compared. The stability of dry-sieved and waterresistant macro-aggregates and micro-aggregates with a dependence on the proportion of humus substance fractions was determined. Quantity of humus substances influenced mainly water-resistant aggregates. A positive correlation was recorded between size fraction of 2.3 mm and contents of humus substances (P < 0.01; r = +0.710) and fulvic acids (P < 0.05; r = +0.634), and negative correlation between size fraction of 0.5.1 mm and contents of humus substances (P < 0.05; r = -0.613) and fulvic acids (P < 0.01; r = -0.711). Humic acids influenced mainly the formation of dry-sieved aggregates and fulvic acids played an important role in micro-aggregate formation. The quality of humus substances influenced more intensively the formation of dry-sieved aggregates. There were positive correlations between optical parameters of humus substances and humic acids and larger dry-sieved aggregates (3.7 mm) and negative correlations with smaller (0.5.3 mm). The highest proportions of larger size of water-resistant aggregates (1. 20 mm) were in forest ecosystem, but smaller (0.25.1 mm) agreggates were dominated in agro-ecosystem.
Life history and resource acquisition: Photosynthetic traits in selected accessions of three perennial cereal species compared with annual wheat and rye
Authors: Jaikumar Nikhil S. , Snapp Sieglinde S. , Sharkey Thomas D. 
Published: December 2013

•Premise of the study:Few previous studies have considered how plant age affects photosynthetic physiology in herbaceous perennials or how photosynthetic capacity in annual cereals compares to perennial relatives. Newly developed perennial cereals offer novel systems for addressing these questions. Our study makes a novel contribution by considering how life history differences affect photosynthetic physiology.•Methods:In two linked field studies, we evaluated effects of life history and plant age on photosynthetic rates (A), and related biochemical, morphological, and water‐relations traits, comparing 1‐ and 2‐yr‐old cohorts of perennial wheat, intermediate wheatgrass, and perennial rye to close annual relatives (wheat and rye).•Key results:Photosynthetic rates (A) were 10–50% higher in perennial cereals compared to annuals. In wheatgrass, elevatedAwas associated with higher carboxylation (VC), triose phosphate utilization (TPU) and electron transport rates (J), and higher leaf soluble protein and chlorophyll. Younger wheatgrass plants maintained higherA, TPU, J, andVCthan older plants did. Perennial wheat and rye differed from annual relatives in some but not all of these parameters. Differences in stomatal limitation were not involved, while differences in stomatal conductance (gs) became evident under drier conditions.•Conclusions:This study demonstrates that some perennial cereal species can maintain higher midseasonAthan their annual crop relatives. These changes are not fully explainable by increased access to soil water and may reflect trade‐offs between allocation to reproduction and to resource acquisition. We also found evidence for age‐related changes in photosynthetic physiology in a herbaceous perennial plant.
L’information sur les risques majeurs à l’échelle communale
Authors: Douvinet Johnny , Pallares Rémi , Genre-Grandpierre Cyrille , Gralepois Mathilde , Rode Sylvain , Servain-Courant Sylvie 
Published: December 2013

Cette étude propose d’interroger la quantité et la qualité de l’information préventive en France, en étudiant plus spécialement les communes qui ont pour obligation d’informer leurs administrés grâce au Document d’Information Communal sur les Risques Majeurs. Ce DICRIM est censé renseigner sur la nature, l’occurrence et la distribution spatiale et temporelle des risques locaux. Il vise à fournir aux citoyens les moyens d’adopter les bons comportements en cas d’événement majeur. Si 27 752 communes métropolitaines sont soumises en juin 2012 à cette injonction, seule une très faible part (entre 8 et 20 % selon les sources) la respecte. Afin de dresser un inventaire à la fois fiable et exhaustif de la réalisation des DICRIM, et pour expliquer l’origine des manquements à la loi, une enquête téléphonique a été menée auprès de la totalité des 1 033 communes de la Loire, du Loiret, de la Loire-Atlantique et du Vaucluse, choisis comme départements témoins. Les 727 réponses obtenues permettent de 1) quantifier les écarts entre les chiffres issus des sources officielles et la réalité de l’avancement aux échelles locales ; 2) explorer les rôles séparés puis combinés de variables institutionnelles (injonction légale, présence du Plan Communal de Sauvegarde, appartenance à une intercommunalité), géographiques (nombre de risques, proximité à un cours d’eau) ou démographique (importance de la population) ; 3) vérifier le respect du contenu réglementaire des DICRIM collectés.
Immunization with a Recombinant Bacillus Calmette–Guérin Strain Confers Protective Th1 Immunity against the Human Metapneumovirus
Authors: Palavecino Christian E. , Céspedes Pablo F. , Gómez Roberto S. , Kalergis Alexis M. , Bueno Susan M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAlong with the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), the human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the leading causes of childhood hospitalization and a major health burden worldwide. Unfortunately, owing to an inefficient immunological memory, hMPV infection provides limited immune protection against reinfection. Furthermore, hMPV can induce an inadequate Th2 type immune response that causes severe lung inflammation, leading to airway obstruction. Similar to hRSV, it is likely that an effective clearance of hMPV would require a balanced Th1 type immunity by the host, involving the activation of IFN-γ–secreting T cells. A recognized inducer of Th1 immunity is Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), which has been used in newborns for many decades and in several countries as a tuberculosis vaccine. We have previously shown that immunization with BCG strains expressing hRSV Ags can induce an efficient immune response that protects against this virus. In this study, we show that immunization with rBCG strains expressing the phosphoprotein from hMPV also can induce protective Th1 immunity. Mice immunized with rBCG were protected against weight loss, airway inflammation, and viral replication in the lungs after hMPV infection. Our rBCG vaccine also induced the activation of hMPV-specific T cells producing IFN-γ and IL-2, which could protect from hMPV infection when transferred to recipient mice. These data strongly support the notion that rBCG induces protective Th1 immunity and could be considered as an efficient vaccine against hMPV.
STA‐21, a Promising STAT‐3 Inhibitor That Reciprocally Regulates Th17 and Treg Cells, Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis in Mice and Humans and Alleviates Autoimmune Inflammation in an Experimental Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Park Jin‐Sil , Kwok Seung‐Ki , Lim Mi‐Ae , Kim Eun‐Kyung , Ryu Jun‐Geol , Kim Sung‐Min , Oh Hye‐Joa , Ju Ji Hyeon , Park Sung‐Hwan , Kim Ho‐Youn , Cho Mi‐La 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of STA‐21, a promising STAT‐3 inhibitor, on the development and progression of inflammatory arthritis and to determine the possible mechanisms by which STA‐21 has antiarthritic effects in interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist–knockout (IL‐1Ra–KO) mice, an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsIL‐1Ra–KO mice were treated with intraperitoneal injections of STA‐21 (0.5 mg/kg) or vehicle 3 times per week for 3 weeks. The mouse joints were assessed for clinical and histologic features of inflammatory arthritis. CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Treg cells and CD4+IL‐17+ cells were defined. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell–derived monocytes or mouse bone marrow–derived monocyte/macrophage (BMM) cells were cultured in the presence of macrophage colony‐stimulating factor alone or together with RANKL and various concentrations of STA‐21, followed by staining of the cells for tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase activity to determine osteoclast formation.ResultsSTA‐21 suppressed inflammatory arthritis in IL‐1Ra–KO mice. The proportion of Th17 cells was decreased and the proportion of Treg cells expressing FoxP3 was markedly increased in the spleens of STA‐21–treated mice. Adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+ T cells obtained from STA‐21–treated IL‐1Ra–KO mice markedly suppressed inflammatory arthritis. In vitro treatment with STA‐21 induced the expression of FoxP3 and repressed IL‐17 expression in both mouse and human CD4+ T cells. Moreover, STA‐21 prevented both mouse BMM cells and human monocytes from differentiating into osteoclasts in vitro.ConclusionSTA‐21 improved the clinical course of arthritis in IL‐1Ra–KO mice. It increased not only the number of Treg cells but also the function of the Treg cells. It also suppressed Th17 cells and osteoclast formation. These data suggest that STA‐21 might be an effective treatment for patients with RA.