bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D following weight loss does not contribute to the improvement in insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and β-cell function
Authors: Thibault Véronique , Morisset Anne-Sophie , Brown Christine , Carpentier André C. , Baillargeon Jean-Patrice , Langlois Marie-France , Gagnon Claudia 
Published: July 2015

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations have been reported to increase following weight loss. Moreover, both weight loss and higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations have been associated with a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The objective of the present study was to determine whether the increase in serum 25(OH)D concentration following weight loss is associated with improved insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and disposition index (β-cell function). Data from two prospective lifestyle modification studies had been combined. Following a lifestyle-modifying weight loss intervention for 1 year, eighty-four men and women with prediabetes and a BMI ≥ 27 kg/m2 were divided based on weight loss at 1 year: < 5 % (non-responders, n 56) and ≥ 5 % (responders, n 28). The association between the change in serum 25(OH)D concentration and changes in insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment of insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S) and Matsuda), insulin secretion (AUC of C-peptide) and disposition index after adjustment for weight loss was examined. Participants in the responders' group lost on average 9·5 % of their weight when compared with non-responders who lost only 0·8 % of weight. Weight loss in responders resulted in improved insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S, P= 0·0003) and disposition index (P= 0·02); however, insulin secretion remained unchanged. The rise in serum 25(OH)D concentration following weight loss in responders was significantly higher than that in non-responders (8·9 (sd 12·5) v. 3·6 (sd 10·7) nmol/l, P= 0·05). However, it had not been associated with amelioration of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, even after adjustment for weight loss and several confounders. In conclusion, the increase in serum 25(OH)D concentration following weight loss does not contribute to the improvement in insulin sensitivity or β-cell function.
Social Protection Afforded to Irregular Migrant Workers: Thoughts on the Southern Africa Development Community (with Emphasis on Botswana and South Africa)
Authors: van Eck Bruno Paul Stefan , Snyman Felicia 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe majority of migrant workers target those countries in southern Africa that have stronger economies. Irregular migrants are in a particularly vulnerable position, and this article discusses the protection that this category of persons may expect to experience in the southern African region. It traverses the international, continental and regional instruments providing protection to irregular migrants, and considers the constitutional and legislative frameworks in relation to social protection in Botswana and South Africa. The article concludes by recommending that the broader notion of “social protection”, rather than the narrower concept of “social security”, should be emphasized. Job creation programmes are essential. It suggests that the advantages of the free movement of people in the region should be explored and encouraged. The article also supports the notion that a regional policy that seeks to balance the flow of migrants in the Southern African Development Community should be adopted.
Selling Health Data
Authors: KAPLAN BONNIE 
Published: July 2015

Abstract:Two court cases that involve selling prescription data for pharmaceutical marketing affect biomedical informatics, patient and clinician privacy, and regulation. Sorrell v. IMS Health Inc. et al. in the United States and R v. Department of Health, Ex Parte Source Informatics Ltd. in the United Kingdom concern privacy and health data protection, data de-identification and reidentification, drug detailing (marketing), commercial benefit from the required disclosure of personal information, clinician privacy and the duty of confidentiality, beneficial and unsavory uses of health data, regulating health technologies, and considering data as speech. Individuals should, at the very least, be aware of how data about them are collected and used. Taking account of how those data are used is needed so societal norms and law evolve ethically as new technologies affect health data privacy and protection.
Emerging Ethical Issues in Digital Health Information
Authors: SOLOMONIDES ANTHONY E. , MACKEY TIM KEN 
Published: July 2015

Abstract:The problems of poor or biased information and of misleading health and well-being advice on the Internet have been extensively documented. The recent decision by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers to authorize a large number of new generic, top-level domains, including some with a clear connection to health or healthcare, presents an opportunity to bring some order to this chaotic situation. In the case of the most general of these domains, “.health,” experts advance a compelling argument in favor of some degree of content oversight and control. On the opposing side, advocates for an unrestricted and open Internet counter that this taken-for-granted principle is too valuable to be compromised, and that, once lost, it may never be recovered. We advance and provide evidence for a proposal to bridge the credibility gap in online health information by providing provenance information for websites in the .health domain.
Reconsidering the Ethical Permissibility of the Use of Unregistered Interventions against Ebola Virus Disease
Authors: LANDRY JOSHUA T. , FOREMAN THOMAS , KEKEWICH MICHAEL 
Published: July 2015

Abstract:Ethical considerations for the use of unregistered interventions for Ebola virus disease have sparked considerable debate among academic and clinical ethicists. In August 2014 the World Health Organization (WHO) convened a panel of experts to discuss approaches to the outbreak in West Africa, with the goal of determining "whether it is ethical to use unregistered interventions with unknown adverse effects for possible treatment or prophylaxis”.1 The panel concluded that there would be an ethical imperative to provide such unregistered interventions if specific criteria could be met. This paper evaluates the WHO conclusion and argues that although it may be reasonable to provide unregistered interventions considering the circumstance, there is no clear ethical imperative to do so.
Impact of a Hurricane Shelter Viral Gastroenteritis Outbreak on a Responding Medical Team
Authors: Gaither Joshua B. , Page Rianne , Prather Caren , Paavola Fred , Garrett Andrew L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionIn late October of 2012, Hurricane Sandy struck the northeast United States and shelters were established throughout the impacted region. Numerous cases of infectious viral gastroenteritis occurred in several of these shelters. Such outbreaks are common and have been well described in the past. Early monitoring for, and recognition of, the outbreak allowed for implementation of aggressive infection control measures. However, these measures required intensive medical response team involvement. Little is known about how such outbreaks affect the medical teams responding to the incident.Hypothesis/ProblemDescribe the impact of an infectious viral gastroenteritis outbreak within a single shelter on a responding medical team.MethodsThe number of individuals staying in the single shelter each night (as determined by shelter staff) and the number of patients treated for symptoms of viral gastroenteritis were recorded each day. On return from deployment, members of a single responding medical team were surveyed to determine how many team members became ill during, or immediately following, their deployment.ResultsThe shelter population peaked on November 5, 2012 with 811 individuals sleeping in the shelter. The first patients presented to the shelter clinic with symptoms of viral gastroenteritis on November 4, 2012, and the last case was seen on November 21, 2012. A total of 64 patients were treated for nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea over the 17-day period. A post-deployment survey was sent to 66 deployed medical team members and 45 completed the survey. Twelve (26.7%) of the team members who responded to the survey experienced symptoms of probable viral gastroenteritis. Team members reported onset of symptoms during deployment as well as after returning home. Symptoms started on days 4-8, 8-14, on the trip home, and after returning home in four, four, two, and two team members, respectively.ConclusionMedical teams providing shelter care during viral gastroenteritis outbreaks are susceptible to contracting the virus while caring for patients. When responding to similar incidents in the future, teams should not only be ready to implement aggressive infectious control measures but also be prepared to care for team members who become ill.GaitherJB, PageR, PratherC, PaavolaF, GarrettAL. Impact of a hurricane shelter viral gastroenteritis outbreak on a responding medical team. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(4):1–4.
Emergency Food Supplies in Food Secure Households
Authors: Golem Devon L. , Byrd-Bredbenner Carol 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIntroductionLimited food supply paired with reduced access to food during emergency disasters can lead to malnutrition. To date, research evaluating the adequacy of household emergency food supplies relies on self-reported data from surveys and has not been measured objectively in households in the United States. The main objective of this study was to describe household calorie availability and nutrient density in a normal situation and to project changes that could occur when emergencies (eg, natural disasters) restrict replenishment of food supplies and disrupt water and/or energy needed for food preparation and storage.HypothesisThe calorie availability of the food supply within households in New Jersey (USA) is anticipated to be well above the recommended 3-day period. However, it is anticipated that the nutritional density of the food supply within these households will be negative. Additionally, the disaster-related factors that diminish the ability to consume stored food (eg, lack of water, power for cooking, and/or proper storage) will further reduce the caloric and nutritional adequacy of the household food supply.MethodsThe household food supplies of 100 food secure families in New Jersey were inventoried at a non-emergency point in time. The number of days that the inventoried food supply would provide all household members 100% of the daily value (DV) for calories and other nutrients was determined. Additionally, the effects of water and power shortages on nutritional availability of household food supply were estimated.ResultsThe households had an average of 33.16 days (SD=21.97; range=8.14-125.17 days) of calories at 100% DV for all household members. Lack of water, energy for cooking, or both would render a decrease in the total household calories by 28%, 35%, or 38%, respectively. Loss of power for greater than five days would reduce availability of household calories by 27%. A positive nutrient density was observed with and without the food-related resources of water and power.ConclusionThe mean food supply within the sampled households exceeds the current emergency preparedness recommendations, even when considering specific nutrients and emergency-related factors that affect ability to consume the food supply. Cross-sectional observation of the household food supply of food secure families in New Jersey reveals adequate dietary-based emergency preparedness and low vulnerability to emergency-induced food insecurity.GolemDL,Byrd-BredbennerC.Emergency food supplies in food secure households.Prehosp Disaster Med.2015;30(4):1–6.
The expression of impersonals in Middle English
Authors: LIGHT CAITLIN , WALLENBERG JOEL 
Published: July 2015

This article contributes to continuing work on the information structural function of passivization, and how quantitative changes in the implementation of a syntactic strategy may be tied in with the acquisition or loss of comparable strategies. Seoane (2006) outlines a proposal that suggests that the passive construction is used more extensively in English than in the other Germanic languages in order to compensate for the lack of unmarked object topicalization found in languages with verb-seconding (V2). We reconsider this hypothesis from a quantitative perspective and ﬁnd that, upon further examination, the claim does not hold.We compare parallelNew Testamenttranslations along two dimensions: one set across three stages of historical English, and one set across three Germanic languages. We ﬁnd that the reported change in the rate of passivization between stages of English, and between English and other Germanic languages, is in fact not directly related to the presence or absence of a V2 grammar, but rather due to the availability (or absence) of different strategies of forming impersonal clauses.The current article focuses in more detail on one of the ﬁndings of an ongoing study into phenomena linked to the change in passivization in English. While theNew Testamenttranslations provide evidence that the overall rate of passivization remains stable across the history of English in one context, we ﬁnd, in contrast, a signiﬁcant difference in the rate of passivization between three translations of theRule of St Benedict. These translations represent an Old English (OE) translation and two Middle English (ME) translations: one Northern, and one Southern. The data reveal a dialect distinction in ME: the Northern translation passivizes at a signiﬁcantly lower rate.Unlike theNew Testament, which is primarily a narrative, theRule of St Benedicttext is written as a set of instructions, and passivization is primarily a strategy for expressing clauses in which no agent can be speciﬁed. We ﬁnd that where the Southern translation of theRule of St Benedictuses a passive, the Northern translation frequently expresses the same content via an active clause with impersonalmanin the subject position. While clauses with impersonalmancan be found in both the Northern ME and OE translations of this text, it is wholly absent from the Southern ME translation.This reveals a dialect difference in the ME period: the Southern dialect appears to entirely lack a historically attested strategy for forming impersonal clauses. This, in turn, becomes one factor leading to a rise in the rate of passivization, as passive clauses are used to compensate for the missing strategy.
WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative: health-risk behaviours on nutrition and physical activity in 6–9-year-old schoolchildren
Authors: Wijnhoven Trudy MA , van Raaij Joop MA , Yngve Agneta , Sjöberg Agneta , Kunešová Marie , Duleva Vesselka , Petrauskiene Ausra , Rito Ana I , Breda João 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess to what extent eight behavioural health risks related to breakfast and food consumption and five behavioural health risks related to physical activity, screen time and sleep duration are present among schoolchildren, and to examine whether health-risk behaviours are associated with obesity.DesignCross-sectional design as part of the WHO European Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (school year 2007/2008). Children’s behavioural data were reported by their parents and children’s weight and height measured by trained fieldworkers. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were performed.SettingPrimary schools in Bulgaria, Lithuania, Portugal and Sweden; paediatric clinics in the Czech Republic.SubjectsNationally representative samples of 6–9-year-olds (n 15 643).ResultsAll thirteen risk behaviours differed statistically significantly across countries. Highest prevalence estimates of risk behaviours were observed in Bulgaria and lowest in Sweden. Not having breakfast daily and spending screen time ≥2 h/d were clearly positively associated with obesity. The same was true for eating ‘foods like pizza, French fries, hamburgers, sausages or meat pies’ >3 d/week and playing outside <1 h/d. Surprisingly, other individual unhealthy eating or less favourable physical activity behaviours showed either no or significant negative associations with obesity. A combination of multiple less favourable physical activity behaviours showed positive associations with obesity, whereas multiple unhealthy eating behaviours combined did not lead to higher odds of obesity.ConclusionsDespite a categorization based on international health recommendations, individual associations of the thirteen health-risk behaviours with obesity were not consistent, whereas presence of multiple physical activity-related risk behaviours was clearly associated with higher odds of obesity.
From football stadium to Iron Age hillfort. Creating a taxonomy of Wessex hillfort communities
Authors: Davis Oliver 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe variability of Wessex hillfort form, use and development has long been noted, but not satisfactorily explained. This paper seeks to explain this variability and suggests that each hillfort may have had its own distinctive history of use, dependent upon the nature of the hillfort community – the people who visited, inhabited and used the hillfort. This paper starts by using grid–group analysis to define identities that can be found among modern communities – such as that of spectators of contemporary professional football clubs – which helps to frame our understanding of hillfort communities as constituted of households with differing motivations, loyalties and identification with the material environment. The variable trajectories of hillfort development are thus explained by the changing cultural relationships between Iron Age households and hillforts.
X-ray cross-correlation analysis of the low-mass X-ray binary 4U 1636-53
Authors: Lei Ya-Juan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe analyze the cross-correlation function of the soft and hard X-rays of the atoll source 4U 1636-53 with RXTE data. The results show that the cross-correlations evolve along the different branches of the color-color diagram. At the lower left banana states, we have both positive and ambiguous correlations, and positive correlations are dominant for the lower banana and the upper banana states. The anti-correlation is detected at the top of the upper banana states. The cross-correlations of two atoll sources 4U 1735-44 and 4U 1608-52 have been studied in previous work, and the anti-correlations are detected at the lower left banana or the top of the upper banana states. Our results show that, in the 4U 1636-53, the distribution of the cross-correlations in the color-color diagram is similar to those of 4U 1735-44 and 4U 1608-52, and confirm further that the distribution of cross-correlations in color-color diagram could be correlated with the luminosity of the source.
Morpho-statistical characterization of the cosmic web using marked point processes
Authors: Stoica Radu S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe cosmic web is the intricate network of filaments outlined by the galaxies positions distribution in our Universe. One possible manner to break the complexity of such an elaborate geometrical structure is to assume it made of simple interacting objects. Under this hypothesis, the filamentary network can be considered as the realization of an object or a marked point process. These processes are probabilistic models dealing with configurations of random objects given by random points having random characteristics or marks. Here, the filamentary network is considered as the realization of such a process, with the objects being cylinders that align and connect in order to form the network. The paper presents the use of marked point processes to the detection and the characterization of the galactic filaments.
Statistical assessment of the relation between the inferred morphological type and the emission-line activity type of a large sample of galaxies
Authors: Ortega-Minakata R. A. , Torres-Papaqui J. P. , Andernach H. , Islas-Islas J. M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe quantify the statistical evidence of the relation between the inferred morphology and the emission-line activity type of galaxies for a large sample of galaxies. We compare the distribution of the inferred morphologies of galaxies of different dominant activity types, showing that the difference in the median morphological type between the samples of different activity types is significant. We also test the significance of the difference in the mean morphological type between all the activity-type samples using an ANOVA model with a modified Tukey test that takes into account heteroscedasticity and the unequal sample sizes. We show this test in the form of simultaneous confidence intervals for all pairwise comparisons of the mean morphological types of the samples. Using this test, scarcely applied in astronomy, we conclude that there are statistically significant differences in the inferred morphologies of galaxies of different dominant activity types.
Cosmological Applications of the Gaussian Kinematic Formula
Authors: Fantaye Yabebal T. , Marinucci Domenico 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Gaussian Kinematic Formula (GKF, see Adler and Taylor (2007,2011)) is an extremely powerful tool allowing for explicit analytic predictions of expected values of Minkowski functionals under realistic experimental conditions for cosmological data collections. In this paper, we implement Minkowski functionals on multipoles and needlet components of CMB fields, thus allowing a better control of cosmic variance and extraction of information on both harmonic and real domains; we then exploit the GKF to provide their expected values on spherical maps, in the presence of arbitrary sky masks, and under nonGaussian circumstances.
Radial 3D-Needlets on the Unit Ball
Authors: Durastanti Claudio , Fantaye Yabebal T. , Hansen Frode K. , Marinucci Domenico , Pesenson Isaac Z. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe present a simple construction of spherical wavelets for the unit ball, which we label Radial 3D Needlets. We envisage an experimental framework where data are collected on concentric spheres with the same pixelization at different radial distances from the origin. The unit ball is hence viewed as a tensor product of the unit interval with the unit sphere: a set of eigenfunctions is therefore defined on the corresponding Laplacian operator. Wavelets are then constructed by a smooth convolution of the projectors defined by these eigenfunctions. Localization properties may be rigorously shown to hold in the real and harmonic domain, and an exact reconstruction formula holds; the system allows a very convenient computational implementation.
Automatic stellar spectral parameterization pipeline for LAMOST survey
Authors: Wu Yue , Du Bing , Luo Ali , Zhao Yongheng , Yuan Hailong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) project performed its five year formal survey since Sep. 2012, already fulfilled the pilot survey and the 1st two years general survey with an output - spectroscopic data archive containing more than 4.1 million observations. One of the scientific objectives of the project is for better understanding the structure and evolution of the Milky Way. Thus, credible derivation of the physical properties of the stars plays a key role for the exploration. We developed and implemented the LAMOST stellar parameter pipeline (LASP) which can automatically determine the fundamental stellar atmospheric parameters (effective temperature Teff, surface gravity log g, metallicity [Fe/H], radial velocity Vr) for late A, FGK type stars observed during the survey. An overview of the LASP, including the strategy, the algorithm and the process is presented in this work.