bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ipsilateral Type IV Closed Talus and Calcaneal Fractures: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Dhillon Mandeep , Bachhal Vikas , Bhagwat Kishan , Bali Kamal 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
Talar and calcaneal fractures are commonly associated with other musculoskeletal injuries and systemic trauma. Both injuries in isolation have a guarded clinical outcome, and are associated with numerous complications whether treated operatively or nonoperatively. Few studies, however, have reported cases with ipsilateral closed talus and calcaneal fractures. We report one such rare case presenting with closed ipsilateral type IV talar neck fracture and type IV communited intra-articular calcaneal fracture as a result of high energy trauma. Unfortunately the patient had a concurrent vascular injury at the proximal tibia level which ultimately necessitated amputation. Through our report we highlight the universally poor results in such cases and discuss the management options if encountered with such a rare pattern of injury.

How to cite this article
Bhagwat K, Bachhal V, Bali K, Dhillon MS. Ipsilateral Type IV Closed Talus and Calcaneal Fractures: A Case Report and Review of Literature. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(3):156-158.
Tulip Bulb Sign
Authors: Khandelwal Niranjan , Singhal Manphool , Sodhi Kushaljit Singh , Dutta Milli , Saxena Akshay Kumar 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
Tulip bulb sign refers to a configuration of the aortic root, in which dilatation of the root of aorta occurs along with effacement of the sinotubular junction. It is characteristically described in annuloaortic ectasia, a common feature of Marfan syndrome.

How to cite this article
Sodhi KS, Dutta M, Saxena AK, Singhal M, Khandelwal N. Tulip Bulb Sign. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2013;47(3):167-168.
Cell–Material Interactions Revealed Via Material Techniques of Surface Patterning
Authors: Yao Xiang , Peng Rong , Ding Jiandong 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCell–material interactions constitute a key fundamental topic in biomaterials study. Various cell cues and matrix cues as well as soluble factors regulate cell behaviors on materials. These factors are coupled with each other as usual, and thus it is very difficult to unambiguously elucidate the role of each regulator. The recently developed material techniques of surface patterning afford unique ways to reveal the underlying science. This paper reviews the pertinent material techniques to fabricate patterns of microscale and nanoscale resolutions, and corresponding cell studies. Some issues are emphasized, such as cell localization on patterned surfaces of chemical contrast, and effects of cell shape, cell size, cell–cell contact, and seeding density on differentiation of stem cells. Material cues to regulate cell adhesion, cell differentiation and other cell events are further summed up. Effects of some physical properties, such as surface topography and matrix stiffness, on cell behaviors are also discussed; nanoscaled features of substrate surfaces to regulate cell fate are summarized as well. The pertinent work sheds new insight into the cell–material interactions, and is stimulating for biomaterial design in regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and high‐throughput detection, diagnosis, and drug screening.
Microdeletions of 3p21.31 characterized by developmental delay, distinctive features, elevated serum creatine kinase levels, and white matter involvement
Authors: Eto Kaoru , Sakai Norio , Shimada Shino , Shioda Mutsuki , Ishigaki Keiko , Hamada Yusuke , Shinpo Michiko , Azuma Junji , Tominaga Koji , Shimojima Keiko , Ozono Keiichi , Osawa Makiko , Yamamoto Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2013

AbstractInterstitial deletions of chromosome 3 are rare, and only one patient with a microdeletion of 3p21.31 has been reported to date. We identified two additional cases of patients with microdeletions of 3p21.31. The characteristic clinical features of developmental delay and distinctive facial features (including arched eyebrows, hypertelorism, epicanthus, and micrognathia) were seen both in the previously reported patient and in the two newly identified patients. In these two new cases, additional features, including elevated serum creatine kinase levels and characteristic neuroradiological features with white matter involvement, were seen. These features had not been described in the previous case in which the patient was examined during infancy, suggesting an age‐dependent mechanism. The shortest region of overlap among the three deletions narrowed down the candidate genes that may be responsible for the common neurological features to the bassoon (presynaptic cytomatrix protein) gene (BSN), which has an important function in neuronal synapses. In this study, we confirmed common phenotypic features in the patients with microdeletions of 3p21.31 and identified additional features that have not been reported previously. Because the constellation of such characteristic features is quite unique, clinical manifestations of the patients with microdeletions of 3p21.31 would be clinically recognizable as a contiguous gene deletion syndrome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
More than meets the eye: The evolving phenotype of Weill–Marchesani syndrome—diagnostic confusion with geleophysic dysplasia
Authors: Pimienta Allen L. , Wilcox William R. , Reinstein Eyal 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe criteria for diagnosing and distinguishing between Weill–Marchesani syndrome (WMS) and geleophysic dysplasia (GD) are inexact and often overlap. We report the clinical findings and evolving phenotype for a period of 18 years in a patient whose diagnosis, and distinguishing characteristics, transformed from GD to WMS. Molecular testing demonstrated novel mutations in the ADAMTS10 gene confirming a diagnosis of autosomal recessive WMS in the proposita. We further report on phenotypic features not classically linked to WMS. These findings indicate that the Weill–Marchesani phenotype may be developed and is not always apparent in early childhood. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical and neurocognitive characterization of a family with a novel MED12 gene frameshift mutation
Authors: Lesca Gaetan , Moizard Marie‐Pierre , Bussy Gerald , Boggio Dominique , Hu Hao , Haas Stefan A. , Ropers Hans‐Hilger , Kalscheuer Vera M. , Des Portes Vincent , Labalme Audrey , Sanlaville Damien , Edery Patrick , Raynaud Martine , Lespinasse James 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFG syndrome, Lujan syndrome, and Ohdo syndrome, the Maat–Kievit–Brunner type, have been described as distinct syndromes with overlapping non‐specific features and different missense mutations of the MED12 gene have been reported in all of them. We report a family including 10 males and 1 female affected with profound non‐specific intellectual disability (ID) which was linked to a 30‐cM region extending from Xp11.21 (ALAS2) to Xq22.3 (COL4A5). Parallel sequencing of all X‐chromosome exons identified a frameshift mutation (c.5898dupC) of MED12. Mutated mRNA was not affected by non‐sense mediated RNA decay and induced an additional abnormal isoform due to activation of cryptic splice‐sites in exon 41. Dysmorphic features common to most affected males were long narrow face, high forehead, flat malar area, high nasal bridge, and short philtrum. Language was absent or very limited. Most patients had a friendly personality. Cognitive impairment, varying from borderline to profound ID was similarly observed in seven heterozygous females. There was no correlation between cognitive function and X‐chromosome inactivation profiles in blood cells. The severe degree of ID in male patients, as well as variable cognitive impairment in heterozygous females suggests that the duplication observed in the present family may have a more severe effect on MED12 function than missense mutations. In a cognitively impaired male from this family, who also presented with tall stature and dysmorphism and did not have the MED12 mutation, a 600‐kb duplication at 17p13.3 including the YWHAE gene, was found in a mosaic state. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ethoxyquin prevents chemotherapy‐induced neurotoxicity via Hsp90 modulation
Authors: Zhu Jing , Chen Weiran , Mi Ruifa , Zhou Chunhua , Reed Nicole , Höke Ahmet 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivePeripheral neurotoxicity is a major dose‐limiting side effect of many chemotherapeutic drugs. Currently there are no effective disease‐modifying therapies for chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathies, but these side effects of chemotherapy are potentially ideal targets for development of neuroprotective therapies, because candidate drugs can be co‐ or preadministered before the injury to peripheral axons takes place.MethodsWe used a phenotypic drug screening approach to identify ethoxyquin as a potential neuroprotective drug and carried out additional biochemical experiments to identify its mechanism of action.ResultsWe validated the screening results with ethoxyquin and its derivatives and showed that they prevented paclitaxel‐induced peripheral neuropathy without blocking paclitaxel's ability to kill tumor cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ethoxyquin acts by modulating the chaperone activity of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and blocking the binding of 2 of its client proteins, ataxin‐2 and Sf3b2. Ethoxyquin‐induced reduction in levels of both of these proteins resulted in prevention of axonal degeneration caused by paclitaxel.InterpretationEthoxyquin and its novel derivatives as well as other classes of small molecules that act as Hsp90 modulators may offer a new opportunity for development of drugs to prevent chemotherapy‐induced axonal degeneration. Ann Neurol 2013;74:893–904
Stability Analysis and Controller Design of Discrete Interval Type‐2 Fuzzy Systems
Authors: Sheng Long , Ma Xiaoyu 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper is concerned with trajectory stabilization of a computer simulated model car with uncertain velocity via type‐2 fuzzy control systems. First, stability conditions of discrete interval type‐2 fuzzy control systems are given in accordance with the definition of stability in the sense of Lyapunov. Then, we approximate a computer simulated model car, whose dynamics are nonlinear and velocity is uncertain. A type‐2 Takagi–Sugeno TS fuzzy controller is designed to handle system uncertainty. The control rules, which guarantee stability of the system, are derived from the approximated model. The simulation results show that the type‐2 fuzzy control rules can effectively stabilize the car model.
Cooperative Catalysis of Metal and OH⋅⋅⋅O/sp3‐CH⋅⋅⋅O Two‐Point Hydrogen Bonds in Alcoholic Solvents: Cu‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Direct Alkynylation of Aldehydes with Terminal Alkynes
Authors: Ishii Takaoki , Watanabe Ryo , Moriya Toshimitsu , Ohmiya Hirohisa , Mori Seiji , Sawamura Masaya 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCatalyst–substrate hydrogen bonds in artificial catalysts usually occur in aprotic solvents, but not in protic solvents, in contrast to enzymatic catalysis. We report a case in which ligand–substrate hydrogen‐bonding interactions cooperate with a transition‐metal center in alcoholic solvents for enantioselective catalysis. Copper(I) complexes with prolinol‐based hydroxy amino phosphane chiral ligands catalytically promoted the direct alkynylation of aldehydes with terminal alkynes in alcoholic solvents to afford nonracemic secondary propargylic alcohols with high enantioselectivities. Quantum‐mechanical calculations of enantiodiscriminating transition states show the occurrence of a nonclassical sp3‐CH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bond as a secondary interaction between the ligand and substrate, which results in highly directional catalyst–substrate two‐point hydrogen bonding.
Addition of Electrophilic Radicals to 2‐Benzyloxyglycals: Synthesis and Functionalization of Fluorinated α‐C‐Glycosides and Derivatives
Authors: Colombel Sophie , Van Hijfte Nathalie , Poisson Thomas , Leclerc Eric , Pannecoucke Xavier 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA new method for the synthesis of fluorinated α‐C‐glycosides is described. The reactions between highly electrophilic radicals (fluorinated or unfluorinated) and a 2‐benzyloxyglucal or galactal provide 2‐keto‐D‐arabino‐ or 2‐keto‐D‐lyxo‐hexopyranosides through an addition/fragmentation process. Sodium borohydride mediated or Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) reduction of these compounds provides α‐C‐glycosides that feature appropriate anchoring groups for further synthetic elaboration. The presence of CF2CO2iPr or CF2Br groups at the pseudo‐anomeric position allows efficient reduction/olefination or Br/Li‐exchange/nucleophilic‐addition sequences. These transformations open the way for the synthesis of fluorinated C‐glycosidic analogues of glycoconjugates.
Analysis of Red Blood Cell Deformation under Fast Shear Flow for Better Estimation of Hemolysis
Authors: Nakamura Masanori , Bessho Sadao , Wada Shigeo 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYWe examined the deformation behavior of a red blood cell (RBC) in various flow fields to determine whether the extent of RBC deformation is correlated with the shear stress used as a hemolysis index. The RBC model was introduced to a simple shear flow (Couette flow) and to slightly complex flows (unsteady shear flows and stenosed flows). The RBC deformation was assessed by the maximum first principal strain over the RBC membrane and compared with the shear stress. Although the results were consistent under steady Couette flow, this was not the case under unsteady Couette flow or stenosed flow due to the viscoelastic nature of the RBC deformation caused by fluid forces. These results suggest that there is a limitation in accurately estimating the mechanical damage of RBCs solely from a macroscopic flow field, indicating the necessity of taking into account the dynamic deformation of RBCs to provide a better estimation of hemolysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Safety and Tolerability of Darexaban, an Oral Direct Factor Xa Inhibitor, in Healthy Elderly Japanese Subjects
Authors: Kadokura Takeshi , Oikawa Keishi , Miyata Koji , Murase Toshinobu , Nakamura Mashio 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe clinical pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of darexaban after single and multiple once‐daily doses of 60, 120, and 240 mg in healthy elderly Japanese subjects were assessed. Following oral administration, darexaban was rapidly and extensively metabolized to darexaban glucuronide, which is an active glucuronide metabolite. Plasma concentrations of darexaban glucuronide increased with dose, and Cmax and AUC increased dose‐dependently after both single and repeated doses. Cumulative urinary excretion of darexaban glucuronide up to 24 hours after repeated doses ranged from 28.59% to 36.50%. PT‐INR, aPTT, and FXa activity were prolonged or decreased dose‐dependently after both single and repeated doses of darexaban. The time‐profile of pharamcodynamic parameters closely followed the time‐concentration profile of darexaban glucuronide. Five adverse events occurred in the present study (4: darexaban [16.7%]; 1: placebo [8.3%]), all of which were mild in severity and required no treatment.
The Chelating Behaviour of 3‐(4‐X‐Phenyl)‐2‐sulfanylpropenoic Acids with the PbII Ion – Relevance of the Lone Electron Pair in the Supramolecular Structures of the 2:1 Complexes
Authors: Casas José S. , Castaño M. Victoria , Couce Maria D. , Sánchez Agustín , Sordo José , Torres M. Dolores , Vázquez López Ezequiel M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe interaction of 3‐(4‐X‐phenyl)‐2‐sulfanylpropenoic acids [H2(X‐pspa); X = –F, –Cl, –Br, –I, –OCH3, –OCF3, –OH] with lead(II) acetate in an alcoholic medium was explored in the search for new chelating agents for the Pb2+ ion. The direct reactions afforded [Pb(X‐pspa)] complexes in yields of 67 (X = –Br) to 95 % (X = –OCH3). When the PbII/H2(X‐pspa) reaction was performed in the presence of diisopropylamine (Q), the derivatives [HQ]2[Pb(X‐pspa)2] (X = Cl, Br) were obtained. All of the complexes were characterized by spectrometric (FAB‐MS and ESI‐MS) and spectroscopic (IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy) methods and these showed the permanence of the O,S coordination of the ligands to the metal ion in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution. H2(Cl‐pspa), [HQ]2[Pb(Cl‐pspa)2] and [HQ]2[Pb(Br‐pspa)2] were also fully characterized in the solid state by X‐ray diffraction. The importance of the stereochemically active lone electron pair of the PbII ion in the supramolecular arrangement of [HQ]2[Pb(X‐pspa)2] (X = Cl, Br) is discussed.
Structure Elucidation and Total Synthesis of Altenuic Acid III and Studies towards the Total Synthesis of Altenuic Acid II
Authors: Nemecek Gregor , Thomas Robert , Goesmann Helmut , Feldmann Claus , Podlech Joachim 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe structure of theAlternariamycotoxin altenuic acid III was elucidated by NMR spectroscopic analysis of an authentic sample, and was confirmed by total synthesis. This compound is not a resorcylic acid lactone but a resorcylic acid substituted with a butenolide, and thus is the first member of a new class of alternaria toxins. For the total synthesis, a short and efficient access to halogenated butenolides bearing acetal‐protected side‐chains was carried out. Suzuki coupling of these butenolides with a highly functionalized boronate gave rise to a precursor of the natural product in high yield. The side‐chain was completed by deprotection and subsequent oxidation. An unexpected cascade reaction leading to tricyclic butenolides was discovered during optimization of the deprotection protocol. Cleavage of the acetal protecting group gave altenuic acid III. Furthermore, a synthetic study towards altenuic acid II, a compound with a characteristic spirolactone structure, is described. It was planned to construct the spirocyclic lactone by using an intramolecular Michael‐type addition of an aromatic carboxylate group to a butenolide moiety, but this approach was not successful. While testing the feasibility of this concept, a new and mild protocol for the well‐known Pinner reaction in the presence of Lewis acids was discovered.
Using the Whittle estimator for VBR video traffic model selection in the spectral domain
Authors: Sousa‐Vieira M.E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractImprovements in network infrastructures along with advances in video coding technology are enabling an increasing popularity of multimedia applications. Consequently, video traffic represents an important part of the load in modern networks, and adequate models play an important role in the performance evaluation of network architectures and protocols. This paper presents a method that uses the Whittle estimator to choose, between several models for variable‐bit‐rate video traffic based on the M/G/ ∞ process, the one that gives rise to a better adjustment of the spectral density, and therefore of the correlation structure, of the traffic to model. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
System response matrix calculation using symmetries for dual‐head PET scanners
Authors: Liu Yilong , Wang Mengdie , Bai Jing , Zhang Hui 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTPositron emission tomography (PET) scanner with dual‐head geometry offers better spatial resolution and higher sensitivity for dedicated application when compared with conventional full‐ring PET scanners. However, this configuration suffers from limited‐angle projection and depth‐of‐interaction (DOI) effects. Accurate modeling of the system response matrix (SRM) and its incorporation into iterative methods can help to obtain images with better quality. In this paper, we proposed a line‐of‐response (LOR) based symmetry approach to calculate the SRM of PET scanners with dual‐head geometry. Both Monte Carlo (MC) and analytically computed SRMs were obtained and named MC SRM and geometrical SRM respectively, with their performances been compared using simulated phantom studies. The point source study shows that the resolution in directions parallel to the detector is rather uniform, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.6∼0.7 mm and 0.6∼0.8 mm using MC and geometrical SRMs respectively. While the spatial resolution in the direction perpendicular to the detector is much worse, when moving towards the detector panel from the field‐of‐view (FOV) center, the FWHM changes from 1.5 mm to 1.8 mm and 2.4 mm to 3.1 mm using MC and geometrical SRMs, which is caused by the missing of projection views. Images generated using MC SRM also show better stochastic quality and quantitative performance. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 205–214, 2013
Variations in BOLD response latency estimated from event‐related fMRI at 3T: Comparisons between gradient‐echo and Spin‐echo
Authors: Yeh Mei‐Yu , Wu Changwei W. , Kuan Wan‐Chun , Wei Pei‐Shan , Wan Yung‐Liang , Wai Yau‐Yau , Weng Hsu‐Huei , Liu Ho‐Ling 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) commonly uses gradient‐recalled echo (GRE) signals to detect regional hemodynamic variations originating from neural activities. While the spatial localization of activation shows promising applications, indexing temporal response remains a poor mechanism for detecting the timing of neural activity. Particularly, the hemodynamic response may fail to resolve sub‐second temporal differences between brain regions because of its signal origin or noise in data, or both. This study aimed at evaluating the performance of latency estimation using different fMRI techniques, with two event‐related experiments at 3T. Experiment I evaluated latency variations within the visual cortex and their relationship with contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNRs) for GRE, spin echo (SE), and diffusion‐weighted SE (DWSE). Experiment II used delayed visual stimuli between two hemifields (delay time = 0, 250, and 500 ms, respectively) to assess the temporal resolving power of three protocols: GRETR1000, GRETR500, and SETR1000. The results of experiment I showed the earliest latency with DWSE, followed by SE, and then GRE. Latency variations decreased as CNR increased. However, similar variations were found between GRE and SE, when the latter had lower CNR. In experiment II, measured stimulus delays from all conditions were significantly correlated with preset stimulus delays. Inter‐subject variation in the measured delay was found to be greatest with GRETR1000, followed by GRETR500, and the least with SETR1000. Conclusively, blood oxygenation level‐dependent responses obtained from GRE exhibit greater CNR but no compromised latency variations in the visual cortex. SE is potentially capable of improving the performance of latency estimation, especially for group analysis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 23, 215–221, 2013