bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of Emerging Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus on How the Condition Influences Sleep Quality: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Núñez-Baila María-Ángeles , Gómez-Aragón Anjhara , González-López José Rafael 
Published: July 2024

Background: Emerging adulthood is a phase characterized by exploration which potentially affecting sleep quality. While many emerging adults are healthy, the effects of chronic diseases such as Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) on sleep may be underestimated. Considering the frequency of nocturnal glycemic alterations that cause awakenings, this study explored the perceptions of emerging adults in Andalusia on the influence of T1DM on their sleep quality.Methods: A qualitative approach was used for this study. Purposive sampling through diabetes associations was initially utilized, supplemented by snowball sampling, in order to conduct semistructured interviews with 73 emerging adults (aged 18–29) diagnosed with T1DM, to explore their perceptions of the influence of T1DM on sleep quality. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis was used for data analysis.Results: Sleep disruptions caused by overnight hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia were identified as significant factors. However, 62% of participants did not perceive the influence of diabetes on their sleep quality, despite experiencing frequent overnight glycemic alterations (reported by 40.9%).Conclusions: Perception of the impact of T1DM on sleep quality does not always align with the frequency of disruptions. Nonetheless, promoting healthy sleep and systematically assessing sleep quality can benefit both sleep and glycemic outcomes, regardless of individual perceptions.
Tumor-Intrinsic Activity of Chromobox 2 Remodels the Tumor Microenvironment in High-grade Serous Carcinoma
Authors: Iwanaga Ritsuko , Yamamoto Tomomi M. , Gomez Karina , Nguyen Lily L. , Woodruff Elizabeth R. , Post Miriam D. , Mikeska Railey G. , Danis Etienne , Danhorn Thomas , Boorgula Meher P. , Mitra Siddhartha S. , Marjon Nicole A. , Bitler Benjamin G. , Brubaker Lindsay W. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Chromobox 2 (CBX2), an epigenetic reader and component of polycomb repressor complex 1, is highly expressed in &gt;75% of high-grade serous carcinoma. Increased CBX2 expression is associated with poorer survival, whereas CBX2 knockdown leads to improved chemotherapy sensitivity. In a high-grade serous carcinoma immune-competent murine model, knockdown of CBX2 decreased tumor progression. We sought to explore the impact of modulation of CBX2 on the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), understanding that the TIME plays a critical role in disease progression and development of therapy resistance. Exploration of existing datasets demonstrated that elevated CBX2 expression significantly correlated with specific immune cell types in the TIME. RNA sequencing and pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes demonstrated immune signature enrichment. Confocal microscopy and co-culture experiments found that modulation of CBX2 leads to increased recruitment and infiltration of macrophages. Flow cytometry of macrophages cultured with CBX2-overexpressing cells showed increased M2-like macrophages and decreased phagocytosis activity. Cbx2 knockdown in the Trp53-null, Brca2-null ID8 syngeneic murine model (ID8 Trp53−/−Brca2−/−) led to decreased tumor progression compared with the control. NanoString immuno-oncology panel analysis suggested that knockdown in Cbx2 shifts immune cell composition, with an increase in macrophages. Multispectral immunohistochemistry (mIHC) further confirmed an increase in macrophage infiltration. Increased CBX2 expression leads to recruitment and polarization of protumor macrophages, and targeting CBX2 may serve to modulate the TIME to enhance the efficacy of immune therapies.

Significance:
CBX2 expression correlates with the TIME. CBX2 modulation shifts the macrophage population, potentially leading to an immunosuppressive microenvironment, highlighting CBX2 as a target to improve efficacy of immunotherapy.
Inhibition of Notch4 Using Novel Neutralizing Antibodies Reduces Tumor Growth in Murine Cancer Models by Targeting the Tumor Endothelium
Authors: Eng Jason W.-L. , Kato Yu , Adachi Yusuke , Swaminathan Bhairavi , Naiche L.A. , Vadakath Rahul , Sakamoto Yoshimasa , Nakazawa Youya , Tachino Sho , Ito Ken , Abe Takanori , Minoshima Yukinori , Hoshino-Negishi Kana , Ogasawara Hideaki , Kawakatsu Tomomi , Nishimura Miyuki , Katayama Masahiko , Shimizu Masashi , Tahara Kazuhiro , Sato Toshitaka , Suzuki Katsuhisa , Agarwala Kishan , Iwata Masao , Nomoto Kenichi , Ozawa Yoichi , Imai Toshio , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Matsui Junji , Kitajewski Jan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Endothelial Notch signaling is critical for tumor angiogenesis. Notch1 blockade can interfere with tumor vessel function but causes tissue hypoxia and gastrointestinal toxicity. Notch4 is primarily expressed in endothelial cells, where it may promote angiogenesis; however, effective therapeutic targeting of Notch4 has not been successful. We developed highly specific Notch4-blocking antibodies, 6-3-A6 and humanized E7011, allowing therapeutic targeting of Notch4 to be assessed in tumor models. Notch4 was expressed in tumor endothelial cells in multiple cancer models, and endothelial expression was associated with response to E7011/6-3-A6. Anti-Notch4 treatment significantly delayed tumor growth in mouse models of breast, skin, and lung cancers. Enhanced tumor inhibition occurred when anti-Notch4 treatment was used in combination with chemotherapeutics. Endothelial transcriptomic analysis of murine breast tumors treated with 6-3-A6 identified significant changes in pathways of vascular function but caused only modest change in canonical Notch signaling. Analysis of early and late treatment timepoints revealed significant differences in vessel area and perfusion in response to anti-Notch4 treatment. We conclude that targeting Notch4 improves tumor growth control through endothelial intrinsic mechanisms.

Significance:
A first-in-class anti-Notch4 agent, E7011, demonstrates strong antitumor effects in murine tumor models including breast carcinoma. Endothelial Notch4 blockade reduces perfusion and vessel area.
Classification of Ice Particle Shapes Using Machine Learning on Forward Light Scattering Images
Authors: Schmitt Carl G. , Järvinen Emma , Schnaiter Martin , Vas Dragos , Hartl Lea , Wong Telayna , Stuefer Martin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Machine learning (ML) has rapidly transitioned from a niche activity to a mainstream tool for environmental research applications including atmospheric science cloud microphysics studies. Two recently developed cloud particle probes measure the light scattered in the near forward direction and save digital images of the scattering light. Scattering pattern images collected by the Particle Phase Discriminator mark 2, Karlsruhe edition (PPD-2K), and the Small Ice Detector, version 3 (SID-3) provide valuable information for particle shape and size characterization. Since different particle shapes have distinctly different light scattering characteristics, the images are ideally suited for ML. Here, results of a ML project to characterize ice particle shapes sampled by the PPD-2K in ice fog and diamond dust during a 3-yr project in Fairbanks, Alaska. About 2.15 million light-scattering pattern images were collected during 3 years of measurements with the PPD-2K. Visual Geometry Group (VGG) convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained to categorize light-scattering patterns into eight categories. Initial training images (120 each category) were selected by human visual examination of data, and the training dataset was augmented using an automated iterative method for image identification of further images which were all visually inspected by a human. Results were well correlated to similar categories identified from previously developed classification algorithms. ML identifies characteristics not included in automated analysis such as sublimation. Of the 2.15 million images analyzed, 1.3% were categorized as spherical (liquid), 43.5% were categorized as having rough surfaces, 15.3% were pristine, 16.3% were categorized as sublimating, and the remaining 23.6% did not fit into any of those categories (irregular or saturated).

Significance Statement
The shapes and sizes of cloud particles can be extremely important for understanding the conditions that exist in the cloud. In this study, we show that more information about cloud particle characteristics can be identified by using machine learning than by traditional means. To demonstrate this, data are analyzed from a 3-yr study of ice fog and diamond dust events in Fairbanks, Alaska. The Particle Phase Discriminator instrument collected 2.15 million light-scattering pattern images of cloud particles during ground-based measurements. Neither traditional techniques nor machine learning were able to identify all categories, but a combination of both techniques led to a more complete view of ice particle shapes.
Associations between acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Tamaki Masaharu , Akahoshi Yu , Inamoto Yoshihiro , Morita Kaoru , Uchida Naoyuki , Doki Noriko , Tanaka Masatsugu , Nishida Tetsuya , Ohigashi Hiroyuki , Nakamae Hirohisa , Onizuka Makoto , Katayama Yuta , Matsuoka Ken-ichi , Sawa Masashi , Ishimaru Fumihiko , Kanda Yoshinobu , Fukuda Takahiro , Atsuta Yoshiko , Terakura Seitaro , Kanda Junya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is 1 of the major complications after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Although various risk factors for chronic GVHD have been reported, limited data are available regarding the impact of acute GVHD on chronic GVHD. We examined the association between acute and chronic GVHD using a Japanese registry data set. The landmark point was set at day 100 after allo-HCT, and patients who died or relapsed before the landmark point were excluded. In total, 14 618 and 6135 patients who underwent allo-HCT with bone marrow or peripheral blood (BM/PB) and with umbilical cord blood (UCB), respectively, were analyzed. In the BM/PB cohort, the risk for chronic GVHD that requires systemic steroids increased with each increase in acute GVHD grade from 0 to 2 (grade 0 vs 1 [hazard ratio (HR), 1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19-1.46; P &lt; .001]; grade 1 vs 2 [HR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.28-1.56; P &lt; .001]), but the risk was similar between acute GVHD grade 2 and grade 3 to 4 (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.91-1.15; P = 1.0). These findings were confirmed in the UCB cohort. We further observed that the risk for severe chronic GVHD increased with each increment in the grade of acute GVHD, even between acute GVHD grade 2 and grade 3 to (grade 2 vs 3-4: HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.12-2.58; P = .025). In conclusion, the preceding profiles of acute GVHD should help to stratify the risk for chronic GVHD and its severity, which might be useful for the development of risk-adopted preemptive strategies for chronic GVHD.
Correlation between bioluminescent blinks and swimming behavior in the splitfin flashlight fish Anomalops katoptron
Authors: Jägers Peter , Frischmuth Timo , Herlitze Stefan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The light organs of the splitfin flashlight fish Anomalops katoptron are necessary for schooling behavior, to determine nearest neighbor distance, and to feed on zooplankton under dim light conditions. Each behavior is coupled to context-dependent blink frequencies and can be regulated via mechanical occlusion of light organs. During shoaling in the laboratory individuals show moderate blink frequencies around 100 blinks per minute. In this study, we correlated bioluminescent blinks with the spatio-temporal dynamics of swimming profiles in three dimensions, using a stereoscopic, infrared camera system.

Results
Groups of flashlight fish showed intermediate levels of polarization and distances to the group centroid. Individuals showed higher swimming speeds and curved swimming profiles during light organ occlusion. The largest changes in swimming direction occurred when darkening the light organs. Before A. katoptron exposed light organs again, they adapted a nearly straight movement direction.

Conclusions
We conclude that a change in movement direction coupled to light organ occlusion in A. katoptron is an important behavioral trait in shoaling of flashlight fish.
Comparison between head rotation and standard techniques for i-gel™ insertion: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lee Seohee , Nam Karam , Park Sang Joon , Ju Jae-Woo , Cho Youn Joung , Jeon Yunseok 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
This study evaluated the effect of head rotation on the first-attempt success rate of i-gel insertion, aiming to alleviate the effect of gravity on the tongue and reduce resistance between the device and the tongue.

Methods
Adult surgical patients were randomized to standard and head rotation technique groups. In the head rotation technique group, patients’ heads were maximally rotated to the left before i-gel insertion. The primary endpoint was the first-attempt success rate. Secondary endpoints included the success rate within two attempts (using the allocated technique), time required for successful i-gel placement within two attempts, and success rate at the third attempt (using the opposite technique).

Results
Among 158 patients, the head rotation technique group showed a significantly higher first-attempt success rate (60/80, 75.0%) compared to the standard technique group (45/78, 57.7%; P = 0.021). The success rate within two attempts was similar between the groups (95.0% vs. 91.0%, P = 0.326). The time required for successful i-gel placement was significantly shorter in the head rotation technique (mean [SD], 13.4 [3.7] s vs. 16.3 [7.8] s; P = 0.030). When the head rotation technique failed, the standard technique also failed in all cases (n = 4), whereas the head rotation technique succeeded in five out of the seven patients where the standard technique failed.

Conclusions
The head rotation technique significantly improved the first-attempt success rate and reduced the time required for successful i-gel insertion. It was effective when the standard technique failed. The head rotation technique may be an effective primary or alternative method for i-gel insertion.

Clinical trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05201339).
A longitudinal evaluation of oxidative stress - mitochondrial dysfunction - ferroptosis genes in anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity
Authors: Qianqian Ren , Peng Zhu , Licai Zhang , Ruizhi Zhang , Tianhe Ye , xiangwen Xia , Chuansheng Zheng , Fan Yang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Antineoplastic medications, including doxorubicin, idarubicin, and epirubicin, have been found to adversely affect the heart due to oxidative stress - mitochondrial dysfunction - ferroptosis (ORMFs), which act as contributing attributes to anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. To better understand this phenomenon, the time-resolved measurements of ORMFS genes were analyzed in this study.

Methods
The effect of three anthracycline drugs on ORMFs genes was studied using a human 3D cardiac microtissue cell model. Transcriptome data was collected over 14 days at two doses (therapeutic and toxic). WGCNA identified key module-related genes, and functional enrichment analysis investigated the biological processes quantified by ssGSEA, such as immune cell infiltration and angiogenesis. Biopsies were collected from heart failure patients and control subjects. GSE59672 and GSE2965 were collected for validation. Molecular docking was used to identify anthracyclines’s interaction with key genes.

Results
The ORMFs genes were screened in vivo or in vitro. Using WGCNA, six co-expressed gene modules were grouped, with MEblue emerging as the most significant module. Eight key genes intersecting the blue module with the dynamic response genes were obtained: CD36, CDH5, CHI3L1, HBA2, HSD11B1, OGN, RPL8, and VWF. Compared with control samples, all key genes except RPL8 were down-regulated in vitro ANT treatment settings, and their expression levels varied over time. According to functional analyses, the key module-related genes were engaged in angiogenesis and the immune system pathways. In all ANT-treated settings, ssGSEA demonstrated a significant down-regulation of angiogenesis score and immune cell activity, including Activated CD4 T cell, Immature B cell, Memory B cell, Natural killer cell, Type 1 T helper cell, and Type 2 T helper cell. Molecular docking revealed that RPL8 and CHI3L1 show significant binding affinity for anthracyclines.

Conclusion
This study focuses on the dynamic characteristics of ORMFs genes in both human cardiac microtissues and cardiac biopsies from ANT-treated patients. It has been highlighted that ORMFs genes may contribute to immune infiltration and angiogenesis in cases of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. A thorough understanding of these genes could potentially lead to improved diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Multimorbidity and patient experience with general practice: A national cross-sectional survey in Norway
Authors: Norman Rebecka Maria , Jelin Elma , Bjertnaes Oyvind 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Patient experience is an important indicator of the quality of healthcare. Patients with multimorbidity often face adverse health outcomes and increased healthcare utilisation. General practitioners play a crucial role in managing these patients. The main aim of our study was to perform an in-depth assessment of differences in patient-reported experience with general practice between patients living with chronic conditions and multimorbidity, and those with no chronic conditions.

Methods
We performed secondary analyses of a national survey of patient experience with general practice in 2021 (response rate 41.9%, n = 7,912). We described the characteristics of all survey respondents with no, one, two, and three or more self-reported chronic conditions. We assessed patient experience using four scales from the Norwegian patient experience with GP questionnaire (PEQ-GP). These scales were used as dependent variables in bivariate and multivariate analyses and for testing the measurement model, including confirmatory factor analysis and a multigroup CFA to assess measurement invariance. Sentiment and content analysis of free-text comments was also performed.

Results
Patients with chronic conditions consistently reported lower scores on the GP and GP practice experience scales, compared to those without chronic conditions. This pattern persisted even after adjustment for patient background variables. The strongest associations were found for the scale of “Enablement”, followed by the scales of “GP” and “Practice”. The subscale “Accessibility” did not correlate statistically significantly with any number of chronic conditions. The analysis of free-text comments echoed the quantitative results. Patients with multimorbidity stressed the importance of time spent on consultations, meeting the same GP, follow-up and relationship more often than patients with no chronic conditions. Our study also confirmed measurement invariance across patients with no chronic conditions and patients with multimorbidity, indicating that the observed differences in patient experience were a result of true differences, rather than artifacts of measurement bias.

Conclusions
The findings highlight the need for the healthcare system to provide customised support for patients with chronic conditions and multimorbidity. Addressing the specific needs of patients with multimorbidity is a critical step towards enhancing patient experience and the quality of care in general practice.
Assessment of eye health programme reach by comparison with rapid assessment of avoidable blindness (RAAB) survey data, Talagang, Pakistan
Authors: Jadoon Muhammad Zahid , Awan Zahid , Moin Muhammad , Younas Rizwan , Latorre-Arteaga Sergio , Watts Elanor , Katibeh Marzieh , Bastawrous Andrew 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The purpose of this study was to quantify how much of the burden of visual impairment (VI) and unmet need in Talagang, identified by Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) survey data, has been addressed by Community Eye Health (CEH) programme efforts.

Methods
A RAAB survey was carried out in November 2018, with 2,824 participants in Talagang Tehsil, Punjab, Pakistan, aged 50 and over. Census data were used to extrapolate survey data to the population. Alongside this, a CEH programme was launched, consisting of community eye screening, and onward referral to rural health centres, secondary or tertiary ophthalmological services, as required. This health intervention aimed to address the eye care needs surfaced by the initial survey. From 2018 to 2022, 30,383 people aged 50 or over were screened; 14,054 needed referral to further steps of the treatment pathway and more detailed data collection. Programme data were compared to estimates of population unmet needs. Main outcome measures were prevalence of VI, and proportion of need met by CEH Programme, by cause and level of VI.

Results
Among those aged 50 and over, 51.0% had VI in at least one eye. The leading causes were cataract (46.2%) and uncorrected refractive error (URE) (25.0%). In its first four years, the programme reached an estimated 18.3% of the unmet need from cataract, and 21.1% of URE, equally in both men and women.

Conclusions
Robustly collected survey and programme data can improve eye health planning, monitoring and evaluation, address inequities, and quantify the resources required for improving eye health. This study quantifies the time required to reach eye health needs at the community level.