bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Successfully” Aging “Alone?”: Unequal Global Opportunities and Rising Risks in Family-Based Models of Care Cross-Nationally
Authors: Mair Christine A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
For the first time in human history, older adults will outnumber children and a substantial and growing proportion will live alone and lack one or more nuclear family ties. Such unprecedented shifts require a reevaluation of existing models of “successful aging,” particularly in terms of long-term care policies.

Research Design and Methods
This paper draws on country-level data from multiple publicly available sources (e.g., World Bank, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Our World in Data, and the World Values Survey) to examine cross-national patterns of development, health, demography, resources and policies, and cultural values in low-, middle-, and high-income countries.

Results
Although there exists substantial heterogeneity across countries, country-level patterns illustrate the economic privilege of living alone and the dominance of “successful aging” opportunities in high-income countries. Cultural values about family reflect standard patterns of economic development, yet friendship emerges as a particularly consistent global value. At the country-level, living alone and health are associated with higher-income countries with lower within-country inequality.

Discussion and Implications
Aging “alone” is a risk factor in some contexts, yet a marker of privilege in others. Models of “successful aging” are largely unobtainable in lower-income countries or high-inequality countries, and therefore require a thorough incorporation of global realities or final abandonment in favor of more nuanced structural perspectives. Long-term care policies that assume the presence of family will yield increasing risk over time across all global contexts and represent a key vulnerability in the future of healthy aging policy.
International Protection for Criminals: To Grant or Not to Grant? Lessons from Australia, Belgium, and Canada
Authors: Zomignani Barboza Júlia 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Refugee law requires States to protect those who may face persecution in their country of origin. This protection, however, is not extended to those who, because of their acts, are considered to be undeserving of it. Similarly, the 1951 Refugee Convention allows the return to persecution of those who are considered a danger to the host country’s community. International human rights law, however, forbids States from returning anyone, regardless of their actions, to a place where they may face irreparable harm, such as arbitrary deprivation of life or torture (the non-refoulement obligation). Thus, forced migrants with a criminal background may find themselves in a situation in which they cannot benefit from refugee status but also cannot be returned to their country of origin. The uncertainties associated with this situation can be challenging for both migrants and States. Against this background, the current contribution explores how three States – Australia, Belgium, and Canada – regulate the situation of criminal migrants in need of international protection. More specifically, it identifies who these countries exclude from protection status, how they assess non-refoulement claims, and the measures they use to regulate the situation of these migrants. Lastly, this article evaluates whether currently applicable domestic measures comply with States’ human rights obligations. As there seems to be a lack of sustainable solutions for these migrants in the countries analysed, a reformed international protection procedure is proposed. This reformed procedure would allow the possibility of granting these migrants temporary status, subject to conditions, which, after a certain number of years, could lead to permanent residence.
On the fast convergence of minibatch heavy ball momentum
Authors: Bollapragada Raghu , Chen Tyler , Ward Rachel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Simple stochastic momentum methods are widely used in machine learning optimization, but their good practical performance is at odds with an absence of theoretical guarantees of acceleration in the literature. In this work, we aim to close the gap between theory and practice by showing that stochastic heavy ball momentum retains the fast linear rate of (deterministic) heavy ball momentum on quadratic optimization problems, at least when minibatching with a sufficiently large batch size. The algorithm we study can be interpreted as an accelerated randomized Kaczmarz algorithm with minibatching and heavy ball momentum. The analysis relies on carefully decomposing the momentum transition matrix, and using new spectral norm concentration bounds for products of independent random matrices. We provide numerical illustrations demonstrating that our bounds are reasonably sharp.
Characterization of the Spatiotemporal Localization of a Pan-Mucorales–Specific Antigen During Germination and Immunohistochemistry
Authors: Hudson Alyssa C , Corzo-Léon Dora E , Kalinina Iana , Wilson Duncan , Thornton Christopher R , Warris Adilia , Ballou Elizabeth R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Mucormycosis is an aggressive invasive fungal infection caused by molds in the order Mucorales. Early diagnosis is key to improving patient prognosis, yet it relies on insensitive culture or nonspecific histopathology. A pan-Mucorales–specific monoclonal antibody (mAb), TG11, was recently developed. Here, we investigate the spatiotemporal localization of the antigen and specificity of the mAb for immunohistochemistry.

Methods
We used immunofluorescence microscopy to assess antigen localization in 11 Mucorales species of clinical importance and live imaging of Rhizopus arrhizus germination. Immunogold transmission electron microscopy revealed the subcellular location of mAb TG11 binding. Finally, we performed immunohistochemistry of R arrhizus in an ex vivo murine lung infection model alongside lung infection by Aspergillus fumigatus.

Results
Immunofluorescence revealed TG11 antigen production at the emerging hyphal tip and along the length of growing hyphae in all Mucorales except Saksenaea. Time-lapse imaging revealed early antigen exposure during spore germination and along the growing hypha. Immunogold transmission electron microscopy confirmed mAb TG11 binding to the hyphal cell wall only. The TG11 mAb stained Mucorales but not Aspergillus hyphae in infected murine lung tissue.

Conclusions
TG11 detects early hyphal growth and has valuable potential for diagnosing mucormycosis by enhancing discriminatory detection of Mucorales in tissue.
High Seroreactivities to Orthoebolaviruses in Rural Cameroon: A Case-Control Study on Nonhuman Primate Bites and a Cross-sectional Survey in Rural Populations
Authors: Ramassamy Jill-Léa , Ayouba Ahidjo , Thaurignac Guillaume , Bilounga Ndongo Chanceline , Nnuka Patrick , Betsem Edouard , Njouom Richard , Mpoudi Ngole Eitel , Vanhomwegen Jessica , Hoinard Damien , England Patrick , Journeaux Alexandra , Picard Caroline , Thomas Damien , Pannetier Delphine , Baize Sylvain , Delaporte Eric , Peeters Martine , Gessain Antoine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Ebola (EBOV) and Sudan (SUDV) orthoebolaviruses are responsible for lethal hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in humans in Central and West Africa, and in apes that can be at the source of human outbreaks for EBOV.

Methods
To assess the risk of exposure to orthoebolaviruses through contact with nonhuman primates (NHP), we tested the presence of antibodies against different viral proteins with a microsphere-based multiplex immunoassay in a case-control study on bites from NHPs in forest areas from Cameroon (n = 795) and in cross-sectional surveys from other rural populations (n = 622) of the same country.

Results
Seroreactivities against at least 2 viral proteins were detected in 13% and 12% of the samples for EBOV and SUDV, respectively. Probability of seroreactivity was not associated with history of NHP bites, but was 3 times higher in Pygmies compared to Bantus. Although no neutralizing antibodies to EBOV and SUDV were detected in a selected series of highly reactive samples, avidity results indicate strong affinity to SUDV antigens.

Conclusions
The detection of high level of seroreactivities against orthoebolaviruses in rural Cameroon, where no outbreaks have been reported, raises the possibilities of silent circulation of orthoebolaviruses, or of other not yet documented filoviruses, in these forested regions.

Article's main point
Our study found high seroreactivities to Ebola and Sudan orthoebolavirus antigens in rural Cameroonian populations, especially among Pygmies, despite no reported outbreaks. This suggests potential silent circulation of orthoebolaviruses or unknown filoviruses, highlighting the need for further surveillance and research.
Applying models of co-production in the context of health and well-being. A narrative review to guide future practice
Authors: Robert Glenn , Donetto Sara , Masterson Daniel , Kjellström Sofia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recent years have seen a dramatic growth in interest in the nature and extent of co-production in the health and social care sectors. Due to the proliferation of work on co-production, there is variation in practice in how co-production is defined, understood, and used in practice. We conducted a narrative review to explore, and provide an overview of, which models of health and social care co-production have been developed, applied, and critiqued over recent decades. Seventy-three peer-reviewed articles met our inclusion criteria. In this set of articles, we identified three broad types of models: conceptual/theoretical, practice-oriented, and presenting a typology. We found that practice-oriented models, predominantly from the Health Services Research and Quality Improvement literature, had largely not drawn on conceptual/theoretical models from the disciplinary fields of Public Administration & Management and Sociology. In particular, they have largely neglected theoretical perspectives on relationships and power and agency in co-production work. The concepts of Service-Dominant Logic and Public Service-Dominant Logic as ways to think about the joint, collaborative process of producing new value, particularly in the context of the use of a service, have also been neglected. Our review has identified distinct literatures which have contributed a variety of models of health and social care co-production. Our findings highlight under-explored dimensions of co-production that merit greater attention in the health and social care contexts. The overview of models of co-production we provide aims to offer a useful platform for the integration of different perspectives on co-production in future research and practice in health and social care.
‘Cut medicine for me’: addressing suboptimal dosing of antimicrobials as a critical issue to combat AMR in Nigeria
Authors: Egwu Kenneth Chukwuebuka , Abdulkarim Maryam , Eze Shadrach Chinecherem , Mbamalu Oluchi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical health challenge in Nigeria as in many other countries in the sub-Saharan region of Africa. Our article describes how the challenges in the regulation and operations of Patent and Proprietary Medicine Vendors (PPMVs) in Nigeria provide a blind spot for the underuse of antimicrobials. This article also sheds light on how patients’ antibiotic use and seeking behaviour facilitate this unwholesome practice. In addition, our article looks at the social determinants of this practice, such as poverty and poor education, and proffers solutions towards solving it. While previous research has investigated the knowledge, perceptions and attitudes of PPMVs towards antimicrobial use and AMR, our article is the first to critically raise concerns about the common practice of antimicrobial underdosing in Nigeria.
Modeling energy partition patterns of growing pigs fed diets with different net energy levels based on machine learning
Authors: Yang Yuansen , Hu Qile , Wang Li , Wang Lu , Xiao Nuo , Dong Xinwei , Liu Shijie , Lai Changhua , Zhang Shuai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the energy partition patterns of growing pigs fed diets with different net energy (NE) levels based on machine learning methods, and to develop prediction models for the NE requirement of growing pigs. Twenty-four Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred barrows with an initial body weight of 24.90 ± 0.46 kg were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments, including the low NE group (2,325 kcal/kg), the medium NE group (2,475 kcal/kg), and the high NE group (2,625 kcal/kg). The total feces and urine produced from each pig during each period were collected, to calculate the NE intake, NE retained as protein (NEp), and NE retained as lipid (NEl). A total of 240 sets of data on the energy partition patterns of each pig were collected, 75% of the data in the dataset was randomly selected as the training dataset, and the remaining 25% was set as the testing dataset. Prediction models for the NE requirement of growing pigs were developed using algorithms including multiple linear regression (MR), artificial neural networks (ANN), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and random forest (RF), and the prediction performance of these models was compared on the testing dataset. The results showed pigs in the low NE group showed a lower average daily gain, lower average daily feed intake, lower NE intake, but greater feed conversion ratio compared to pigs in the high NE group in most growth stages. In addition, pigs in the 3 treatment groups did not show a significant difference in NEp in all growth stages, while pigs in the medium and high NE groups showed greater NEl compared to pig in the low NE group in growth stages from 25 to 55 kg (P &lt; 0.05). Among the developed prediction models for NE intake, NEp, and NEl, the ANN models demonstrated the most optimal prediction performance with the smallest root mean square error (RMSE) and the largest R2, while the RF models had the worst prediction performance with the largest RMSE and the smallest R2. In conclusion, diets with varied NE concentrations within a certain range did not affect the NEp of growing pigs, and the models developed with the ANN algorithm could accurately achieve the NE requirement prediction in growing pigs.
Predicting habitat suitability for the soybean pod borer Leguminivora glycinivorella (Matsumura) using optimized MaxEnt models with multiple variables
Authors: Yang Mingsheng , Wang Ying , Ding Weili , Li Houhun , Zhang Aibing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The soybean pod borer Leguminivora glycinivorella (Matsumura) is one of the most important soybean pests and often causes serious damage to Glycine max (L.) Merr., a leading source of dietary protein and oil in animal feed. However, the potential distribution patterns of this economically important pest and its driving factors require further investigation. Here, we used the optimized MaxEnt model to predict the potential distribution of this pest with multiple variables associated with climate, land use, and host plant, at its recorded range and a globe scale. Based on 4 variable combinations, the results show that the current suitable habitats of L. glycinivorella are primarily distributed in most of China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan. Whereas no suitable area is present in other continents. In future projections, the suitable region shows a slight northward expansion compared with the result predicted with current climatic conditions, and the suitable areas of almost all future projections were stable in size. Among the 9 bioclimatic factors, BIO03 (isothermality) consistently highly contributes to the predictions, indicating that temperature may be a key factor influencing the habitat distribution of L. glycinivorella. Comparative analyses of projections further show that non-climatic factors are informative in the modeling as routinely used bioclimate variables. The spatio-temporal distribution patterns of suitable habitats and the regulatory factors predicted in this study could provide important guidance for L. glycinivorella management.
Evaluating impacts of radiation-induced sterilization on the performance and gut microbiome of mass-reared Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) in Hawai’i
Authors: Mason Charles J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Sterile insect technique (SIT) is a useful strategy for preventing and mitigative establishment of invasive insect species. SIT of the pest tephritid Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824)WiedemannWiedemann, has been effective in preventing population establishment in vulnerable agricultural areas of the United States. However, irradiation-induced sterilization can have detrimental impacts resulting in reduced performance metrics. Mediterranean fruit fly males reared for SIT have been shown to have differences in their microbiomes relative to other population sources, which has been postulated to be a factor in how well flies compete with wild conspecifics. To identify baseline performance metrics on the effects of irradiation on the gut microbiome of mass-reared flies in Hawai’i, a study was performed to assess performance metrics and microbiome (bacterial 16S rRNA) variation across multiple timepoints. Mediterranean fruit fly pupae were selected from mass-reared trays intended for release, and paired samples were either irradiated or remained as controls and transported to the laboratory for evaluation. Irradiated flies exhibited fewer successful fliers, more rapid mortality rates, and were less active relative to control nonirradiated flies. Contrary to initial expectations, irradiation did not exert substantial impacts on the composition or diversity of bacterial reads. Samples were primarily comprised of sequences classified as Klebsiella and there were low levels of both read and taxonomic diversity relative to other 16S surveys of medfly. Although this study does not demonstrate a strong effect of irradiation alone on the Mediterranean fruit fly microbiome, there are several explanations for this discrepancy.
‘The Garlic Gambit’: an alternative strategy for controlling vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus F.; Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Fezza Eugenia , Roberts Joe M , Bruce Toby J A , Walsh Lael E , Gaffney Michael T , Pope Tom W 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Plant protection products derived from plant material are proposed to be a sustainable alternative to conventional synthetic chemical pesticides. This study determines the efficacy of a commercially available bioinsecticide based on garlic (Allium sativum L.; Asparagales: Amaryllidaceae) extract against vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus F.; Coleoptera: Curculionidae) eggs and larvae in contact, fumigation and a combination of contact and fumigation bioassays under laboratory conditions. Results showed that garlic significantly reduced egg hatch rate compared to the control group when applied as a fumigant. Similarly, the egg hatch rate was reduced compared to the control group when garlic was applied as combined contact and fumigant applications. No effect was observed when the garlic product was applied as a contact application. The bioinsecticide significantly reduced larval survival when either contact or fumigant applications were used. A combined contact and fumigant effect was shown also when vine weevil eggs were exposed to the bioinsecticide for 30 days in plastic containers containing growing media. The number of larvae recovered after this period was significantly reduced compared to the control group. This study demonstrates the potential of garlic-based bioinsecticides, such as Pitcher GR, for vine weevil control. Further studies are, however, needed to determine the efficacy of such bioinsecticides under field conditions and investigate how these products can be most effectively used as a part of a wider vine weevil integrated pest management program.
Effect of artificial sugar supplement on the lifespan and learning memory ability of honey bee (Apis cerana) worker bee offspring
Authors: Hu Yueyang , Lu Fangming , Yang Heyan , Pan Qizhong , Wu Xiaobo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Honeybees maintain their growth and reproduction mainly by collecting nutrients from nectar-source plants. Apis cerana, a unique species of honeybee in China, is capable of sporadically collecting nectar. In traditional beekeeping, sugar syrup or a honey-water solution must be artificially fed to bees to supplement their diet during rainy weather or nectar-deficient periods. In this study, 2 groups of honeybee colonies were each fed sugar syrup or a honey-water solution, and a third group consisting of colonies that were allowed to naturally forage without any dietary supplement was used as the control. The effects of the 2 sugar sources on A. cerana worker bee offspring were compared. The results showed that the sugar source affected the lifespan and learning memory of the worker bee offspring. The lifespan, learning memory ability, and expression of related genes in the sugar syrup group were significantly lower than those in the honey-water solution and natural nectar foraging groups (P &lt; 0.05). A honey-water solution supplement was more beneficial to the healthy development of worker bee offspring than a sugar syrup supplement when the colonies lacked dietary resources. These findings provide a theoretical basis that can guide beekeepers in choosing the appropriate dietary supplements for honeybees.
Long-term outcomes by lobular vs ductal histology in 4 National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project adjuvant breast cancer trials
Authors: Foldi Julia , Carleton Neil , Anderson Stewart J , Rastogi Priya , Lee Adrian , Balic Marija , Geyer Charles E , Oesterreich Steffi , Wolmark Norman 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We evaluated differences in long-term outcomes of invasive lobular carcinoma vs breast cancers of no special type treated with anthracycline-based adjuvant chemotherapy using 4 National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project randomized phase III trials (B-22, B-25, B-28, and B-30). Our cohort included 11 251 patients with no special type and 1231 with invasive lobular carcinoma. Patients with invasive lobular carcinoma were older, had larger and more frequently estrogen receptor–positive tumors, and more positive lymph nodes. During early follow-up (0-5 years), patients with invasive lobular carcinoma had fewer recurrences (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.797, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.685 to 0.929) and deaths (HR = 0.756, 95% CI = 0.623 to 0.917). After 5 years, patients with invasive lobular carcinoma had more recurrences (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.085 to 1.558) and deaths (HR = 1.044, 95% CI = 0.898 to 1.214). Conditional probability analysis showed statistically significant interactions between time-period and histologic type for recurrences (P &lt; .001) and deaths (P &lt; .001). Patients with invasive lobular carcinoma have elevated risk of late recurrence and death compared with patients with no special type cancers.