bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospitalised patients as stewards of their own antibiotic therapy: a qualitative analysis informing the strategic design of interventions to encourage shared decision-making in tertiary hospital settings in Singapore
Authors: Guo Huiling , Lye David Chien , Ng Tat Ming , Somani Jyoti , Kwa Andrea Lay Hoon , Chung Shimin Jasmine , Chow Angela 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundShared decision-making (SDM) on antibiotic therapy may improve antibiotic use in tertiary hospitals, but hospitalised patients are apprehensive about being involved in it. Understanding the facilitators and barriers to SDM can inform the design and implementation of interventions to empower these patients to engage in SDM on their antibiotic therapies.MethodsWe conducted qualitative interviews with 23 adult patients purposively sampled with maximum variation from the three largest tertiary-care hospitals in Singapore (April 2019─October 2020). Thematic analysis was conducted using the Theoretical Domains Framework and Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, Behaviour (COM-B) model to identify areas for intervention.ResultsHospitalised patients lacked comprehensive knowledge of their antibiotic therapies and the majority did not have the skills to actively query their doctors about them. There was a lack of opportunities to meet and interact with doctors, and patients were less motivated to engage in SDM if they had a self-perceived paternalistic relationship with doctors, trusted their doctors to provide the best treatment, and had self-perceived poor knowledge to engage in SDM. To empower these patients, they should first be educated with antibiotic knowledge. Highlighting potential side effects of antibiotics could motivate them to ask questions about their antibiotic therapies. Environment restructuring, as facilitated by nurses and visual cues to nudge conversations, could create opportunities for interactions and motivating patients into SDM on their antibiotic therapies.ConclusionEducation and environmental restructuring should be explored to empower hospitalised patients to engage in SDM on their antibiotic therapies.
Rural–urban disparity in community-based health insurance enrollment in Ethiopia: a multivariate decomposition analysis using Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey 2019
Authors: Tsega Yawkal , Alemu Hiwot Tadesse , Geberu Demiss Mulatu , Hagos Asebe , Jejaw Melak , Abera Kaleab Mesfin , Tiruneh Misganaw Guadie , Demissie Kaleb Assegid , Asmare Lakew , Endawkie Abel , Negash Wubshet Debebe , Workie Amare Mesfin , Yohannes Lamrot , Getnet Mihret , Worku Nigusu , Belay Adina Yeshambel 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, achieving universal health coverage (UHC) and protecting populations from health-related financial hardship remain challenging goals. Subsequently, community-based health insurance (CBHI) has gained interest in low and middle-income countries, such as Ethiopia. However, the rural–urban disparity in CBHI enrollment has not been properly investigated using multivariate decomposition analysis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the rural–urban disparity of CBHI enrollment in Ethiopia using the Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey 2019 (EMDHS 2019).MethodsThis study used the latest EMDHS 2019 dataset. STATA version 17.0 software was used for analyses. The chi-square test was used to assess the association between CBHI enrollment and the explanatory variables. The rural–urban disparity of CBHI enrollment was assessed using the logit-based multivariate decomposition analysis. A p-value of &lt;0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was used to determine the statistical significance.ResultsThe study found that there was a significant disparity in CBHI enrollment between urban and rural households (p &lt; 0.001). Approximately 36.98% of CBHI enrollment disparities were attributed to the compositional (endowment) differences of household characteristics between urban and rural households, and 63.02% of the disparities were due to the effect of these characteristics (coefficients). The study identified that the age and education of the household head, family size, number of under-five children, administrative regions, and wealth status were significant contributing factors for the disparities due to compositional differences between urban and rural households. The region was the significant factor that contributed to the rural–urban disparity of CBHI enrollment due to the effect of household characteristics.ConclusionThere were significant urban–rural disparities in CBHI enrollment in Ethiopia. Factors such as age and education of the household head, family size, number of under-five children, region of the household, and wealth status of the household contributed to the disparities attributed to the endowment, and region of the household was the contributing factor for the disparities due to the effect of household characteristics. Therefore, the concerned body should design strategies to enhance equitable CBHI enrollment in urban and rural households.
Enjoying the golden years: social participation and life satisfaction among Chinese older adults
Authors: Wu Min , Yang Dan , Tian Yihao 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionOlder adults commonly face the risk of social isolation, which poses a significant threat to their quality of life. This study explores the association between social participation and life satisfaction among older Chinese adults.MethodsData were sourced from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Regression analysis and mediation analysis were employed to examine the relationship between social participation and life satisfaction, with a focus on the roles of loneliness and self-rated health.ResultsThe results indicate that social participation is significantly positively associated with older adults' life satisfaction. Furthermore, the positive association is more pronounced with increased diversity in social activities. Mediation analysis reveals that reductions in feelings of loneliness and improvements in health levels mediate the relationship between social participation and life satisfaction. Further analysis showed that social participation had a greater positive association among rural older adults and those lacking family companionship.DiscussionThis study provides evidence for enhancing life satisfaction among older adults and highlights the importance of diversity in social participation.
COVID-19: ramifications of the pandemic on mental health and substance abuse
Authors: Munipalli Bala , Al-Soleiti Majd , Morris Anjali , Rummans Teresa 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo explore the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic on Mental Health and Substance Use.Patients and methodsRelevant literature examining the correlation between COVID-19 and mental health/substance use was reviewed, and findings were summarized.ResultsSpecific mechanisms regarding COVID-19’s effects on the brain are unclear, but preliminary studies and biomarkers have been suggested in the literature. Numerous studies demonstrated COVID-19 has immediate and lingering neuropsychiatric impacts on affected patients. Psychiatric disorders and substance abuse increased during the COVID-19 pandemic due to biological and psychosocial factors, with a significant burden on individuals and societies worldwide, particularly in the United States.ConclusionCOVID-19 has shown us that underlying causes of mental health and substance abuse problems are more complicated than we have appreciated. Neuroinflammation and psychosocial stresses impact mental health and substance use. These factors need to be explored further for a better understanding and intervention.
Psychosocial factors play a central role in determining SNAP utilization for farm workforce
Authors: Rockler Briana E. , Grutzmacher Stephanie K. , Garcia Jonathan , Smit Ellen , Braverman Marc 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionFederal food safety net programs, like the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), may not reach vulnerable populations like rural residents, immigrants, and Latinx individuals. Because these groups are overrepresented among the farm workforce, exploring SNAP utilization among farm communities may clarify the role it plays in alleviating food insecurity. MethodsIn-depth interviews were conducted with 31 farmworkers and farm owners. Patterns and predictors of SNAP utilization were organized using an adapted Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Service Utilization.ResultsPsychosocial factors played the central role in participants’ use of SNAP. Discussion: Opportunities to improve the design and delivery of SNAP include expanded eligibility cut-offs and targeted engagement mechanisms.
Exploring the group heterogeneity in the impact of social cohesion on the walking frequency of older adults in China
Authors: Ma Jingwen , Li Wu 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundWalkable neighborhoods are closely related to an increase in walking frequency and the strengthening of social cohesion. These factors, in turn, contribute to lower BMI and other positive health-related outcomes. However, with a rapid increase in aging populations in China and the fact that women are facing more challenges than men as they age, especially mobility challenges because they tend to live longer leading to probabilities to become widowed. Nevertheless, less attention has been paid to understanding the gender difference between these relationships.MethodsBased on a survey of 533 older adults in Dalian, China, this study tried to investigate the intertwined relationship between perceived walkability, social cohesion, walking frequency, and BMI. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) and multiple-group analysis were applied to test the proposed framework.ResultsFirst, results show that gender differences existed among the above interrelationships, and the most substantial gender gap was found in effects of social cohesion on BMI. Second, perceived walkability only has a direct effect (0.149) on walking frequencies for female seniors. Third, although the relationships between perceived walkability and BMI are not directly related in both male and female models, the indirect connection (−0.053) is substituted for female seniors. Besides, the inhibiting effect of walking on BMI, which is −0.511, is also valid for female seniors. Finally, in terms of the role of social cohesion, both the positive impacts of perceived walkability on it (0.225 for males and 0.325 for females) and its promoting effects on walking have been confirmed in male (0.142) and female models (0.103). The negative direct effect of social cohesion on BMI (−0.083) is only confirmed in male seniors.ConclusionInsights derived from this analysis can help bring forward gender-specific interventions to build a more inclusive walkable and social environment to improve the mobility and physical health of older adults.
Visitor safety and security compliance as a key component of event planning and implementation? Findings from a German research project on COVID-19
Authors: Schütte Patricia M. , Schulte Yannic , Schmitt Alexandra , Schönefeld Malte , Barber Vivien , Fiedrich Frank 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Event Safety and Security Production (ESSP) typically involves event organizers, private security firms, authorities, police, fire brigades, and others. Their joint responsibility is to ensure safety, decide on measures, communicate them, and enforce them when necessary. Effective ESSP relies on visitor cooperation and rule compliance. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of rule compliance in event safety and security. With the event industry’s standstill and subsequent reopening under strict conditions, organizers had to implement comprehensive safety and hygiene measures. Studies on crowd compliance under pandemic conditions identified influencing factors. These include perceived threats, sociodemographic characteristics, group behavior, trust in institutions, etc..Methods: Little research focuses on actively promoting rule compliance. Therefore, this paper addresses three research questions (RQ): (1) To what extent does the compliance of visitor safety measures play a role in the planning and implementation of events? (2) To what extent have visitor safety measures been complied with at events during the pandemic and did that change throughout the pandemic? And finally (3) How can the compliance of measures for visitor safety explicitly be taken into account in event planning and implementation? Qualitative data from 11 expert interviews and quantitative data from a representative population survey (N = 10,239) from a German research project on non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for the safe reopening of events during the pandemic are used to answer the first two questions (RQ1; RQ2). Results of the data triangulation point to recommendations for practical application (RQ3).Results and Discussion: Findings suggest a high level of compliance with COVID-19 measures among the survey respondents, with expert consensus on the need for active and communicative visitor involvement in the implementation and enforcement of visitor safety measures. These insights extend beyond pandemic-specific events to traditional security and safety measures in crowd management. For event practice, this indicates the importance of consistent, transparent, and engaging communication strategies starting well before the event, with the customer journey approach as a potential solution. Suitable approaches to visitor safety by event organizers should be implementable and enforceable; this is the key to ensuring that event communication in relation to ESSP is effective.
Validation of a semi-quantitative scoring system and workflow for analysis of fluorescence quantification in companion animals
Authors: Ram Ann S. , Matuszewska Kathy , McKenna Charly , Petrik Jim , Oblak Michelle L. 
Published: July 2024

SignificanceMany commercially available near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging systems lack algorithms for real-time quantifiable fluorescence data. Creation of a workflow for clinical assessment and post hoc analysis may provide clinical researchers with a method for intraoperative fluorescence quantification to improve objective outcome measures.AimScoring systems and verified image analysis are employed to determine the amount and intensity of fluorescence within surgical specimens both intra and postoperatively.ApproachLymph nodes from canine cancer patients were obtained during lymph node extirpation following peritumoral injection of indocyanine green (ICG). First, a semi-quantitative assessment of surface fluorescence was evaluated. Images obtained with a NIR exoscope were analysed to determine fluorescence thresholds and measure fluorescence amount and intensity.ResultsPost hoc fluorescence quantification (threshold of Hue = 165–180, Intensity = 30–255) displayed strong agreement with semi-quantitative scoring (k = 0.9734, p &lt; 0.0001). Fluorescence intensity with either threshold of 35–255 or 45–255 were significant predictors of fluorescence and had high sensitivity and specificity (p &lt; 0.05). Fluorescence intensity and quantification had a strong association (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionThe validation of the semi-quantitative scoring system by image analysis provides a method for objective in situ observation of tissue fluorescence. The utilization of thresholding for ICG fluorescence intensity allows post hoc quantification of fluorescence when not built into the imaging system.
Estimation of withdrawal interval recommendations following administration of fenbendazole medicated feed to ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)
Authors: Carreño Gútiez Marta , Mercer Melissa A. , Martínez-López Beatriz , Griffith Ronald W. , Wetzlich Scott , Tell Lisa A. 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionPrescribing fenbendazole medicated feed for pheasants in the USA is considered extra-label drug use under CPG Sec 615.115, and a safe estimated withdrawal interval (WDI) must be applied following administration to this minor food-producing species. This study sought to determine the pharmacokinetic and residue depletion profile for fenbendazole and its major metabolites to estimate a WDI for pheasants following fenbendazole administration as an oral medicated feed.MethodPheasants (n = 32) were administered fenbendazole as an oral medicated feed (100 ppm) for 7 days. Fenbendazole, fenbendazole sulfoxide, and fenbendazole sulfone (FBZ-SO2) in liver and muscle samples were analyzed using HPLC-UV. Tissue WDIs were estimated using FDA, European Medicines Agency (EMA), and half-life multiplication methods for US poultry tolerances, EMA maximum residue limits, and the analytical limit of detection (LOD; 0.004 ppm). Terminal tissue elimination half-lives (T1/2) were estimated by non-compartmental analysis using a naïve pooled data approach.ResultsThe tissue T1/2 was 14.4 h for liver, 13.2 h for thigh muscle, and 14.1 h for pectoral muscle. The maximum estimated withdrawal interval was 153 h (7 days) for FBZ-SO2 in pectoral muscle using the FDA tolerance method (95% confidence interval for the 99th percentile of the population), and the LOD as the residue limit.DiscussionThe results from this study support the use of FBZ-SO2 as the marker residue in the liver of pheasants and the provision of evidence based WDIs following the extra-label administration of fenbendazole medicated feed (100 ppm) for 7 days.
Impact of Maize Nutrient Composition on the Developmental Defects of Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Zhang Wenjie , Li Haolin , Zhang Cuifang , Hou Jiangan , Guo Xiaxia , Dong Dengfeng , Li Xuesheng 
Published: July 2024

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) is a crucial agricultural pest owing to its global impact on >300 crops. Among these, the corn strain of S. frugiperda causes significant damage to maize (Zea mays L.). However, limited research exists on the influence of maize nutrients on the metamorphosis of S. frugiperda and the underlying mechanisms. In this study, the effects of different growth stages of maize leaves, namely, tender leaves (tender) and mature leaves (mature), on various aspects of larval development, including body weight, body length, developmental age, pupation rate, and eclosion rate, were investigated. Additionally, we measured the levels of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) and three types of juvenile hormone (JH; i.e., JH I–III) in S. frugiperda larvae fed on tender or mature. The results revealed that larvae fed on Tender exhibited significantly prolonged instar duration, reduced body weight and length, and decreased pupation and eclosion rates, with the emergence of abnormal adults. Analysis of nutritional components in maize leaves revealed significantly higher levels of amino acids, soluble sugars, and sterols in mature than in tender. Hormone analysis in S. frugiperda larvae revealed higher 20E titers in individuals feeding on mature during prepupal and pupal stages. We demonstrated the crucial role of sterols in regulating the level of 20E and pupation rate of S. frugiperda. Based on these findings, we propose that isoleucine, arginine, glutamic acid, sucrose, campesterol, and β-sitosterol serve as key nutrients influencing the development of S. frugiperda. Moreover, β-sitosterol is a significant factor influencing the interaction between maize leaves and S. frugiperda. Our research results provide a reference for the control strategy of S. frugiperda based on breeding insect-resistant varieties by altering host nutrition.
Isolation, Characterization, and Genome Insight of Pseudomonas jordanii: A Novel Endophyte Enhancing Durum Wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) Growth under Salinity Stress
Authors: Albdaiwi Randa N. , Alhindi Tareq , Khyami-Horani Hala , Hasan Shireen , Al-Younes Hesham M. 
Published: July 2024

Pseudomonas jordanii strain G34 is a moderately halophilic endophytic bacterium isolated from the root tissue of durum wheat plants growing in the saline environment of the Jordan Valley’s Ghor Sweimeh region. Microscopic and biochemical analyses of P. jordanii strain G34 revealed that it is a Gram-negative, non-motile rod. It also exhibits capsule formation, catalase and oxidase positive reactions, indole positivity, citrate utilization, and non-glucose fermenting capability. Pseudomonas jordanii strain G34 showed growth-promoting effects on durum wheat seedlings grown under severe salinity stress conditions up to a 200 mM NaCl concentration. The draft genome of P. jordanii strain G34 comprises 5,142,528 base pairs (bp) and possesses a G + C content of 64.0%. It contains 57 RNA coding genes and is predicted to encode a total of 4675 protein-coding genes. Putative genes linked to various aspects of the bacterial endophyte lifestyle were identified including ion transport, motility, secretion, adhesion, delivery systems, and plant cell wall modification. Performing a comprehensive phylogenomic analysis identified P. jordanii as a new species, with its closest relative being P. argentinensis LMG 22563, sharing only around 40.2% digital DNA-DNA hybridization identity. Pseudomonas jordanii strain G34 holds great potential for future use as a biofertilizer in saline environments.
PENEGAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP PENAGIH HUTANG YANG MEMAKSA MASUK RUMAH DAN BERBUAT KEKERASAN
Authors: Hasbi Fariz Rifqi 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRAK Utang-piutang merupakan perbuatan hukum perdata, namun penagihan utang oleh kreditur dapat mengandung unsur pidana jika dilakukan secara melawan hukum. Contohnya, penagihan dengan memasuki rumah debitur tanpa izin dan melakukan pemaksaan. Tindakan ini melanggar Pasal 167 ayat (1) dan Pasal 355 ayat (1) KUHP. Penerapan pasal-pasal tersebut membutuhkan batasan dan indikator agar dapat diterapkan secara tepat. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai masalah ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif atau penelitian doktrinal, yang menganalisis hukum baik sebagaimana tertulis dalam undang-undang maupun sebagaimana diputuskan oleh hakim melalui proses yudisial. Tindakan kreditur yang memaksa masuk ke rumah debitur melanggar Pasal 167 ayat (1) KUHP. Selain itu, tindakan kreditur yang memaksa debitur untuk membayar utang dengan ancaman kekerasan melanggar Pasal 355 ayat (1) KUHP. Oleh karena itu, kreditur yang melakukan kedua perbuatan tersebut dapat dikenakan kedua pasal tersebut secara komulatif karena terindikasi melakukan perbarengan tindak pidana atau concursus. ABSTRACT Debts are an act of civil law, but debt charging by creditors may be criminal if done against the law. For example, billing by entering the debtor's house without permission and performing forced enforcement. This act violates Article 167 (1) and Article 355 (1) of the Covenant. The application of these articles requires limitations and indicators in order to be properly applied. Therefore, further research needs to be done on this issue. This study uses normative jurisprudential methods or doctrinal research, which analyzes the law both as written in the law and as decided by the judge through the judicial process. The act of a creditor forcing a debtor to enter the debtor's house is a violation of Article 167 (1) of the Covenant. Furthermore, the act of the creditor to force a debitor to pay the debt with the threat of violence is in breach of Article 355 (1) of this Code. Therefore, a crediteur who commits both such acts may be charged with both of these articles in conjunction because it is indicated to have committed a criminal offence or a concorsius.