bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1) Is a Novel Surface Receptor for Extracellular Double-Stranded RNA To Mediate Cellular Inflammatory Responses
Authors: Zhou Hui , Liao Jieying , Aloor Jim , Nie Hui , Wilson Belinda C. , Fessler Michael B. , Gao Hui-Ming , Hong Jau-Shyong 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
During viral infection, extracellular dsRNA is a potent signaling molecule that activates many innate immune cells, including macrophages. TLR3 is a well-known receptor for extracellular dsRNA, and internalization of extracellular dsRNA is required for endosomal TLR3 activation. Preserved inflammatory responses of TLR3-deficient macrophages to extracellular dsRNA strongly support a TLR3-independent mechanism in dsRNA-mediated immune responses. The present study demonstrated that CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1 [macrophage-1 Ag]), a surface integrin receptor, recognized extracellular dsRNA and induced macrophage immune responses. CD11b deficiency reduced inflammatory cytokine induction elicited by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C; a synthetic dsRNA) in mouse sera and livers, as well as in cultured peritoneal macrophages. dsRNA-binding assay and confocal immunofluorescence showed that Mac-1, especially the CD11b subunit, interacted and colocalized with poly I:C on the surface of macrophages. Further mechanistic studies revealed two distinct signaling events following dsRNA recognition by Mac-1. First, Mac-1 facilitated poly I:C internalization through the activation of PI3K signaling and enhanced TLR3-dependent activation of IRF3 in macrophages. Second, poly I:C induced activation of phagocyte NADPH oxidase in a TLR3-independent, but Mac-1–dependent, manner. Subsequently, phagocyte NADPH oxidase–derived intracellular reactive oxygen species activated MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Our results indicate that extracellular dsRNA activates Mac-1 to enhance TLR3-dependent signaling and to trigger TLR3-independent, but Mac-1–dependent, inflammatory oxidative signaling, identifying a novel mechanistic basis for macrophages to recognize extracellular dsRNA to regulate innate immune responses. This study identifies Mac-1 as a novel surface receptor for extracellular dsRNA and implicates it as a potential therapeutic target for virus-related inflammatory diseases.
On Generating Optimal Sparse Probabilistic Boolean Networks with Maximum Entropy from a Positive Stationary Distribution
Authors: Jiang Hao , Chen Xi , Qiu Yushan , Ching Wai-Ki 
Published: November 2012

Abstract.To understand a genetic regulatory network, two popular mathematical models, Boolean Networks (BNs) and its extension Probabilistic Boolean Networks (PBNs) have been proposed. Here we address the problem of constructing a sparse Probabilistic Boolean Network (PBN) from a prescribed positive stationary distribution. A sparse matrix is more preferable, as it is easier to study and identify the major components and extract the crucial information hidden in a biological network. The captured network construction problem is both ill-posed and computationally challenging. We present a novel method to construct a sparse transition probability matrix from a given stationary distribution. A series of sparse transition probability matrices can be determined once the stationary distribution is given. By controlling the number of nonzero entries in each column of the transition probability matrix, a desirable sparse transition probability matrix in the sense of maximum entropy can be uniquely constructed as a linear combination of the selected sparse transition probability matrices (a set of sparse irreducible matrices). Numerical examples are given to demonstrate both the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Clinician Perceptions of Pediatric Growth Chart Use and Electronic Health Records in Kentucky
Authors: Vyas K. , Perry B. , Soares N. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackground: Growth chart recording is a key component of pediatric care. EHR systems could provide several growth charting functionalities compared to paper methods. To our knowledge, there has been no U.S. study exploring clinicians’ perceptions and practices related to recording of growth parameters as they adapt to electronic methods.Objectives: To explore clinician practices regarding recording growth parameters as they adapt to electronic health records (EHR) and to investigate clinician perceptions of electronic growth charting using EHR.Methods: An online survey of pediatricians and family practitioners in Kentucky inquiring about EHR usage, specifically use of growth charting with EHR, was conducted.Results: Forty-six percent of respondents utilized EHRs, with pediatricians lagging family practitioners, and academic pediatricians lagging non-academicians. There was no consensus on EHR platforms being used. Almost a third of those who used EHR did not utilize electronic growth charting. Clinicians using EHR reported that electronic growth charts would improve clinician satisfaction and clinical efficiency as well as parent satisfaction and parent education. Only 12% of respondents provided copies of growth charts to parents at the end of their visit and discussed growth parameters with parents, with clinicians using EHR more likely to engage in these activities than nonEHR users.Conclusion: Although Kentucky clinicians continue to slowly adopt EHRs, clinician perceptions and practices reflect enduring barriers to widespread use of electronic growth charting in pediatric and family practice. However, our results suggest that electronic growth charting has important benefits for both clinicians and patients, and greater adoption is expected as EHRs become standard across health care systems.Citation: Soares N, Vyas K, Perry B. Clinician perceptions of pediatric growth chart use and electronic health records in Kentucky. Appl Clin Inf 2012; 3: 437–447http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2012-06-RA-0023
The effect of intraoperative mupirocin irrigation on Staphylococcus aureus within the maxillary sinus
Authors: Seiberling Kristin A. , Aruni Wilson , Kim Shawn , Scapa Victor I. , Fletcher Hansel , Church Christopher A. 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundAntibiotic irrigations are occasionally used during endoscopic sinus surgery when gross mucosal infection is present. These irrigations are thought to flush out pathogenic bacteria and decrease the bacterial load within the mucosal surfaces. This treatment, however, has not been studied in vivo and it is unknown whether antibiotic rinses produce a quantitative reduction in pathologic bacteria within the sinus mucosa. The objective of this study was to determine the relative abundance of Staphylococcus aureus within the maxillary sinus and to evaluate the impact of intraoperative mupirocin irrigation on bacterial burden.MethodsSixteen patients with symmetric maxillary chronic rhinosinusitis were prospectively enrolled. After bilateral maxillary antrostomies, biopsies were taken of the maxillary sinus mucosa on both sides. In each patient, the right side was irrigated with 240 mL of normal saline (NS) and the left side was irrigated with 240 mL of NS mixed with 60 mg mupirocin. Repeat maxillary sinus mucosal biopsies were taken from each side 7 to 10 days postsurgery. Each biopsy was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine the presence and relative amount of S. aureus.ResultsMupirocin irrigations were found to significantly reduce the amount of S. aureus found within the maxillary sinus mucosa compared to NS alone. The average fold change between the pre‐ and posttreatment biopsies on the right and left was 9.05 and 97.42, respectively (p < 0.01).ConclusionIntraoperative mupirocin irrigations significantly reduce the amount of S. aureus detected within the diseased sinus mucosa at up to 10 days postoperatively.
In‐office vasovagal response after rhinologic manipulation
Authors: Radvansky Brian M. , Husain Qasim , Cherla Deepa V. , Choudhry Osamah J. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundAdvances in endoscopic sinus surgery have led to a greater number of in‐office procedures away from the traditional operating room setting. Rhinologists acting independently of anesthesiologists must be prepared for potential complications, such as vasovagal response (VVR), that may arise during in‐office rhinologic manipulations. In this study, we review our experience with this condition and discuss risk factors and a management algorithm for in‐office VVR.MethodsA retrospective analysis at a large tertiary referral center was performed on all patients undergoing in‐office endoscopic procedures with rhinologic manipulation between July 2008 and June 2012. A total of 4973 patients underwent in‐office endoscopic procedures and 8 patients with VVR were identified. Demographic data, diagnosis, procedure performed, and outcomes were reviewed.ResultsEight patients out of 4973 (0.16%) experienced VVR during in‐office endoscopic procedures. Seven (87.5%) of these 8 patients recovered from the VVR within 30 minutes and subsequently completed their scheduled procedure. One (12.5%) of the 8 patients did not fully recover after 30 minutes and was sent to the Emergency Department, where he was stabilized and subsequently discharged. The most common comorbidities in these 8 patients with VVR were hypercholesterolemia in 3 patients (37.5%), and hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia, each found in 2 patients (25.0%).ConclusionAlthough the incidence of VVR during rhinologic procedures is low, rhinologists should be familiar with this condition and be prepared for its management.
Increase in vastus medialis cross‐sectional area is associated with reduced pain, cartilage loss, and joint replacement risk in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Wluka Anita E. , Berry Patricia A. , Siew Terence , Teichtahl Andrew J. , Urquhart Donna M. , Lloyd David G. , Jones Graeme , Cicuttini Flavia M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveAlthough there is evidence for a beneficial effect of increased quadriceps strength on knee symptoms, the effect on knee structure is unclear. We undertook this study to examine the relationship between change in vastus medialis cross‐sectional area (CSA) and knee pain, tibial cartilage volume, and risk of knee replacement in subjects with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsOne hundred seventeen subjects with symptomatic knee OA underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the knee at baseline and at 2 and 4.5 years. Vastus medialis CSA was measured at baseline and at 2 years. Tibial cartilage volume was measured at baseline and at 2 and 4.5 years. Knee pain was assessed by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index at baseline and at 2 years. The frequency of knee joint replacement over 4 years was determined. Regression coefficients (B) and odds ratios were determined along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsAfter adjusting for confounders, baseline vastus medialis CSA was inversely associated with current knee pain (r = −0.16, P = 0.04) and with medial tibial cartilage volume loss from baseline to 2 years (B coefficient −10.9 [95% CI −19.5, −2.3]), but not with baseline tibial cartilage volume. In addition, an increase in vastus medialis CSA from baseline to 2 years was associated with reduced knee pain over the same time period (r = 0.24, P = 0.007), reduced medial tibial cartilage loss from 2 to 4.5 years (B coefficient −16.8 [95% CI −28.9, −4.6]), and reduced risk of knee replacement over 4 years (odds ratio 0.61 [95% CI 0.40, 0.94]).ConclusionIn a population of patients with symptomatic knee OA, increased vastus medialis size was associated with reduced knee pain and beneficial structural changes at the knee, suggesting that management of knee pain and optimizing vastus medialis size are important in reducing OA progression and subsequent knee replacement.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis comparing complications following total joint arthroplasty for rheumatoid arthritis versus for osteoarthritis
Authors: Ravi Bheeshma , Escott Benjamin , Shah Prakesh S. , Jenkinson Richard , Chahal Jas , Bogoch Earl , Kreder Hans , Hawker Gillian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveMost of the evidence regarding complications following total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is based on studies of patients with osteoarthritis (OA), with little being known about outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The objective of the present study was to review the current evidence regarding rates of THA/TKA complications in RA versus OA.MethodsData sources used were Medline, EMBase, Cinahl, Web of Science, and reference lists of articles. We included reports published between 1990 and 2011 that described studies of primary total joint arthroplasty of the hip or knee and contained information on outcomes in ≥200 RA and OA joints. Outcomes of interest included revision, hip dislocation, infection, 90‐day mortality, and venous thromboembolic events. Two reviewers independently assessed each study for quality and extracted data. Where appropriate, meta‐analysis was performed; if this was not possible, the level of evidence was assessed qualitatively.ResultsForty studies were included in this review. The results indicated that patients with RA are at increased risk of dislocation following THA (adjusted odds ratio 2.16 [95% confidence interval 1.52–3.07]). There was fair evidence to support the notion that risk of infection and risk of early revision following TKA are increased in RA versus OA. There was no evidence of any differences in rates of revision at later time points, 90‐day mortality, or rates of venous thromboembolic events following THA or TKA in patients with RA versus OA. RA was explicitly defined in only 3 studies (7.5%), and only 11 studies (27.5%) included adjustment for covariates (e.g., age, sex, and comorbidity).ConclusionThe findings of this literature review and meta‐analysis indicate that, compared to patients with OA, patients with RA are at higher risk of dislocation following THA and higher risk of infection following TKA.
Interleukin‐17 sensitizes joint nociceptors to mechanical stimuli and contributes to arthritic pain through neuronal interleukin‐17 receptors in rodents
Authors: Richter Frank , Natura Gabriel , Ebbinghaus Matthias , von Banchet Gisela Segond , Hensellek Susanne , König Christian , Bräuer Rolf , Schaible Hans‐Georg 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveInterleukin‐17 (IL‐17) is considered a proinflammatory cytokine, but whether neuronal IL‐17 receptors contribute to the generation of arthritic pain is unknown. This study was undertaken to explore whether IL‐17A acts on neurons, whether it sensitizes joint nociceptors, and whether neutralization of IL‐17 is antinociceptive.MethodsWe recorded action potentials from rat joint nociceptors after intraarticular injection of IL‐17A. We studied the expression of the IL‐17A receptor in the rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG), explored the effect of IL‐17A on signaling pathways in cultured rat DRG neurons, and using patch clamp recordings, monitored changes of excitability by IL‐17A. We tested whether an antibody to IL‐17 influences pain behaviors in mice with antigen‐induced arthritis (AIA).ResultsA single injection of IL‐17A into the rat knee joint elicited a slowly developing and long‐lasting sensitization of nociceptive C fibers of the joint to mechanical stimuli, which was not attenuated by neutralizing tumor necrosis factor α or IL‐6. The IL‐17A receptor was visualized in most rat DRG neurons, the cell bodies of primary sensory neurons. In isolated and cultured rat DRG neurons, IL‐17A caused rapid phosphorylation of protein kinase B and ERK, and it rapidly enhanced excitability. In mice with unilateral AIA in the knee, an antibody against IL‐17 improved the guarding score and reduced secondary mechanical hyperalgesia at the ipsilateral paw.ConclusionOur findings indicate that IL‐17A has the potential to act as a pain mediator by targeting IL‐17 receptors in nociceptive neurons, and these receptors are particularly involved in inflammation‐evoked mechanical hyperalgesia.
Sarcopenic obesity is more closely associated with knee osteoarthritis than is nonsarcopenic obesity: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Lee Sunggun , Kim Tae‐Nyun , Kim Seong‐Ho 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveSarcopenic obesity is a body composition category in which obesity is accompanied by low skeletal muscle mass, offsetting the increase in body weight caused by increased adipose tissue. The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between knee osteoarthritis (OA) and 4 different categories of body composition: normal, sarcopenic nonobesity, nonsarcopenic obesity, and sarcopenic obesity.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study using the data from 2,893 participants in the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Radiographic knee OA was defined as a Kellgren/Lawrence grade of ≥2. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and whole‐body fat mass were measured using dual x‐ray absorptiometry. Sarcopenia was defined as a skeletal muscle mass index (ASM/body weight [%]) below –2SD of the value in sex‐matched young reference groups. Nonsarcopenic obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) ≥27.5 kg/m2.ResultsThe prevalence of each body composition category was as follows: 83.5% normal, 4.3% sarcopenic nonobesity, 9.2% nonsarcopenic obesity, and 3.0% sarcopenic obesity. Compared with nonsarcopenic obesity participants, participants with sarcopenic obesity were significantly older, had lower ASM, higher whole‐body fat mass, and higher waist circumference. However, there was no significant difference in body weight or BMI. In multivariate analysis, sarcopenic obesity was more closely associated with radiographic knee OA (OR 3.51 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.15–5.75]) than was nonsarcopenic obesity (OR 2.38 [95% CI 1.80–3.15]). Sarcopenic nonobesity showed no significant association with knee OA.ConclusionSarcopenic obesity was more closely associated with knee OA than was nonsarcopenic obesity, although both groups had equivalent body weight. This finding supports the importance of the systemic metabolic effect of obesity in knee OA.
Detailed study of defects in thin fullerite films
Authors: Graivoronska K. O. , Klimenkov M. , Solonin Yu. M. , Nepijko S. A. , Schönhense G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe structural investigations of fullerite films were performed using high‐resolution electron microscopy, electron diffraction and electron energy loss spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In particular defects such as dislocations, stacking faults and twins were studied in details. It was shown that fullerite films could be characterized by a face‐centered cubic (f.c.c.) structure with lattice parameter a = 1.416 nm. They are distinguished for their rich polytypic structure that is caused by breaking of alteration of closely packed planes of (111) type. The quantitative method based on information theory using the “run‐length encoding” algorithm was suggested to evaluate the degree of disorder in the f.c.c structure of thin fullerite films.
Microwave hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic properties of ZnWO4 nanorods
Authors: Tan Guoqiang , Zhang Lili , Wei Shasha , Xia Ao , Ren Huijun 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCd2+‐doped ZnWO4 nanorods have been synthesized at 200 °C with microwave hydrothermal method, using Zn(NO3)2·6H2O, Na2WO4·2H2O and CdCl2 as raw materials. The effects of Cd2+ doping contents on the structure and morphology of the product were studied. The results show that Cd2+ doping into the crystal lattice of ZnWO4 nanopowder makes the powder orientationally grow along (010), (110) and (200) crystal planes to form the nanorods. The bigger Cd2+ doping contents are, the more obviously ZnWO4 nanorods grow. Meanwhile, the nanopowder is gradually transformed from monoclinic phase into the orthogonal phase. As the charge transference medium between the interfaces, Cd2+ restrains the combination of holes and electrons. After doped, the photocatalytic properties of ZnWO4 nanorods are increased. When Cd2+ doping content is 20%, the Cd2+‐doped ZnWO4 nanorods showed the highest degradation rate up to 98% in 2 h.
Micro/Milliflow Processing with Selective Catalyst Microwave Heating in the Cu‐Catalyzed Ullmann Etherification Reaction: A μ2‐Process
Authors: Benaskar Faysal , Patil Narendra G. , Rebrov Evgeny V. , Ben‐Abdelmoumen Alladin , Meuldijk Jan , Hulshof Lumbertus A. , Hessel Volker , Schouten Jaap C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA μ2‐process in the Ullmann‐type CO coupling of potassium phenolate and 4‐chloropyridine was successfully performed in a combined microwave (MW) and microflow process. Selective MW absorption in a micro‐fixed‐bed reactor (μ‐FBR) by using a supported Cu nanocatalyst resulted in an increased activity compared to an oil‐bath heated process. Yields of up to 80 % were attained by using a multisegmented μ‐FBR without significant catalyst deactivation. The μ‐FBR was packed with beads coated with Cu/TiO2 and CuZn/TiO2 catalysts. Temperature measurements along axial positions of the reactor were performed by using a fiber‐optic probe in the catalyst bed. The simultaneous application of MW power and temperature sensors resulted in an isothermal reactor at 20 W. Initially, only solvent was used to adjust the MW field density in the cavity and optimize the power utility. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was added to ensure the maximum MW power transfer by adjusting the waveguide stub tuners to steady‐state operations as a result of the changed reaction mixture composition and, therefore, the dielectric properties. Finally, the beneficial influence of the Cu/TiO2‐ and CuZn/TiO2‐coated glass beads (200 μm) on the MW absorption as a result of the additional absorbing effect of the metallic Cu nanoparticles was optimized in a fine‐tuning step. For the catalyst synthesis, various sol–gel, deposition, and impregnation methods provided Cu catalyst loadings of around 1 wt %. The addition of Zn to the Cu nanocatalyst revealed an increased catalyst activity owing to the presence of stable Cu0. Multilaminar mixing was necessary because of the large difference in fluid viscosities. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first extended experimental survey of the decisive parameters to combine microprocess and single‐mode MW technology following the concepts of “novel process windows” for organic syntheses.
Synthesis and Topological Determination of Hexakis‐Substituted 1,4‐Ditritylbenzene and Nonakis‐Substituted 1,3,5‐Tritritylbenzene Derivatives: Building Blocks for Higher Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Plietzsch Oliver , Schade Alexandra , Hafner Andreas , Huuskonen Juhani , Rissanen Kari , Nieger Martin , Muller Thierry , Bräse Stefan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBased on trityl moieties, novel organic building blocks have been prepared and structurally investigated. Substituted hexaphenyl‐p‐xylene (1,4‐ditritylbenzene) as well as extended analogues thereof were prepared. Furthermore, a new family based on a 1,3,5‐tritritylbenzene motif, connecting three trityl groups through a formal mesitylene unit, was developed. Both families were further converted through six‐ and nine‐fold substitution reactions, respectively, to yield potent molecular building blocks for supramolecular assemblies.