bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlation between the human fecal microbiota and depression
Authors: Naseribafrouei A. , Hestad K. , Avershina E. , Sekelja M. , Linløkken A. , Wilson R. , Rudi K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a chronic syndrome with a pathogenesis linked to various genetic, biological, and environmental factors. Several links between gut microbiota and depression have been established in animal models. In humans, however, few correlations have yet been demonstrated. The aim of our work was therefore to identify potential correlations between human fecal microbiota (as a proxy for gut microbiota) and depression.MethodsWe analyzed fecal samples from 55 people, 37 patients, and 18 non‐depressed controls. Our analyses were based on data generated by Illumina deep sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons.Key ResultsWe found several correlations between depression and fecal microbiota. The correlations, however, showed opposite directions even for closely related Operational Taxonomic Units (OTU's), but were still associated with certain higher order phylogroups. The order Bacteroidales showed an overrepresentation (p = 0.05), while the family Lachnospiraceae showed an underrepresentation (p = 0.02) of OTU's associated with depression. At low taxonomic levels, there was one clade consisting of five OTU's within the genus Oscillibacter, and one clade within Alistipes (consisting of four OTU's) that showed a significant association with depression (p = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively).Conclusions & InferencesThe Oscillibacter type strain has valeric acid as its main metabolic end product, a homolog of neurotransmitter GABA, while Alistipes has previously been shown to be associated with induced stress in mice. In conclusion, the taxonomic correlations detected here may therefore correspond to mechanistic models.
Stepping accuracy and visuomotor control among older adults: effect of target contrast and refractive blur
Authors: Black Alex A. , Kimlin Janessa A. , Wood Joanne M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractPurposeOlder adults have increased visual impairment, including refractive blur from presbyopic multifocal spectacle corrections, and are less able to extract visual information from the environment to plan and execute appropriate stepping actions; these factors may collectively contribute to their higher risk of falls. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of refractive blur and target visibility on the stepping accuracy and visuomotor stepping strategies of older adults during a precision stepping task.MethodsTen healthy, visually normal older adults (mean age 69.4 ± 5.2 years) walked up and down a 20 m indoor corridor stepping onto selected high and low contrast targets while viewing under three visual conditions: best‐corrected vision, +2.00 DS and +3.00 DS blur; the order of blur conditions was randomised between participants. Stepping accuracy and gaze behaviours were recorded using an eyetracker and a secondary hand‐held camera.ResultsOlder adults made significantly more stepping errors with increasing levels of blur, particularly exhibiting under‐stepping (stepping more posteriorly) onto the targets (p < 0.05), while visuomotor stepping strategies did not significantly alter. Stepping errors were also significantly greater for the low compared to the high contrast targets and differences in visuomotor stepping strategies were found, including increased duration of gaze and increased interval between gaze onset and initiation of the leg swing when stepping onto the low contrast targets.ConclusionsThese findings highlight that stepping accuracy is reduced for low visibility targets, and for high levels of refractive blur at levels typically present in multifocal spectacle corrections, despite significant changes in some of the visuomotor stepping strategies. These findings highlight the importance of maximising the contrast of objects in the environment, and may help explain why older adults wearing multifocal spectacle corrections exhibit an increased risk of falling.
THE MEDIATIZATION OF NETWORK GOVERNANCE: THE IMPACT OF COMMERCIALIZED NEWS AND MEDIATIZED POLITICS ON TRUST AND PERCEIVED NETWORK PERFORMANCE
Authors: KORTHAGEN IRIS , KLIJN ERIK‐HANS 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDespite the importance of news media and their commercial logic for society at large and politics in particular, the impact of media and media logic on network governance processes is often disregarded. In this article we examine the effects of commercialized news and mediatized politics on trust between network actors and perceived network performance. Our study draws on a survey of project managers involved in urban spatial projects in the four largest cities in the Netherlands (N = 141). The results show that commercialized news and mediatized politics negatively affect trust relations between network actors. Commercialized news has a direct effect on the perceived network performance.
Wuchereria bancrofti 20/22 a homologue of abundant larval transcript L3 stage filarial antigen: molecular and immunological characterization
Authors: Aparnaa Ramanathan , Mahalakshmi Natarajan , Harini Asai , Jeyaprita Parasurama Jawaharlal , Anugraha Gandhirajan , Amdare N. P. , Khatri V. K. , Reddy M. V. R. , Kaliraj P. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe chromadorea abundant larval transcript (ALT) family of proteins contains ALT one of the most studied putative vaccine candidate in experimental filariasis. This study reports the characterization of Wuchereria bancrofti 20/22 (Wb20/22) as a member of chromadorea, the ALT family of proteins from the L3 stage of W. bancrofti. The high reactivity with serum from the endemic normal (EN) population suggests that Wb20/22 could be a target of elicit protective immunity. The glutamic acid‐rich region of Wb20/22 was predicted to harbour the longest linear B‐cell epitope by insilico prediction tools. The significance of this region was revealed by studying the mutant form of Wb20/22, without acidic domain (WOAD) which was cloned, and the immune response was compared with Wb20/22. The signal sequence of Wb20/22 was also an immunodominant region, and mutant construct without signal sequence (WOSS) was cloned and characterized. The peak antibody titre elicited by WOAD was higher than Wb20/22 or WOSS, which pointed to the immunomodulatory role of glutamic acid‐rich region. Wb20/22 elicited very high levels of IL‐10 and diminished levels of IL‐4 and IL‐5 which could be the reason for low antibody titre. The prophylactic efficacy of WOAD conferred protection (62·26%) which was higher than Wb20/22 (49·82%) and WOSS (54·78%).
Evaluation of Oestrous Detection in Dairy Cattle Comparing an Automated Activity Monitoring System to Visual Observation
Authors: Michaelis I , Burfeind O , Heuwieser W 
Published: June 2014

ContentsThe objective of the study was to evaluate an automated activity monitoring (AAM) system for oestrous detection in dairy cows. Specifically, we set out to determine the oestrous detection efficiency and accuracy of the AAM system and to compare reproductive performance of cows detected either by AAM, by visual observation (VO) or by at least 1 of the 2 methods (EOM). A total of 1004 potential cow‐periods from 348 cows were analysed. Oestrous detection rates (EDR) were calculated for 21 day (VWP+21), 42 day (VWP+42), and 63 day (VWP+63) after voluntary waiting period (VWP). Oestrous detection rate did not differ between AAM (42.1%) and VO (37.3%) during VWP+21 (p > 0.05) but was significantly higher in EOM (56.3%, p < 0.05). Oestrous detection by AAM achieved an efficiency (number of correctly detected oestruses/total number of cow‐periods*100) of 35.6% and an accuracy (number of correctly detected oestruses/(number of true+ false oestruses)*100) of 83.8%. Visual observation resulted in an efficiency of 34.3% and accuracy of 75.1%. Pregnancy rate at 200 DIM was higher in AAM (66.8%) and EOM (68.8%) than in VO (57.1%, p < 0.05). Cows detected by AAM (p < 0.05) showed a 1.37 times greater risk to conceive than cows detected by VO as the reference (p < 0.05). The results show that an automated activity monitoring system can support oestrous detection in dairy cattle. The exclusive use of such a system, however, cannot be recommended.
Diagnostic yield of transbronchial cryobiopsy in interstitial lung disease: A randomized trial
Authors: Pajares Virginia , Puzo Carmen , Castillo Diego , Lerma Enrique , Montero M. Angeles , Ramos‐Barbón David , Amor‐Carro Oscar , Gil de Bernabé Angels , Franquet Tomás , Plaza Vicente , Hetzel Jürgen , Sanchis Joaquin , Torrego Alfons 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackground and objectiveTransbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) is required for evaluation in selected patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). The diagnostic yield of histopathologic assessment is variable and is influenced by factors such as the size of samples and the presence of crush artefacts left by conventional biopsy forceps. We compared the diagnostic yield and safety of TBLB with cryoprobe sampling versus conventional forceps sampling.MethodsThis randomized clinical trial analysed data for 77 patients undergoing TBLB for evaluation of ILD; patients were assigned to either a conventional‐forceps group or a cryoprobe group. Two pathologists assessed the tissue samples and agreed on histopathologic diagnoses. We also compared the duration of procedures, complications and sample‐quality variables.ResultsThe most frequent diagnosis observed in the cryoprobe group was non‐specific interstitial pneumonia. Histopathologic diagnoses were identified in more cases in the cryoprobe group (74.4%) than in the conventional‐forceps group (34.1%) (P < 0.001), and the diagnostic yield was higher in the cryoprobe group (51.3% vs 29.1% in the conventional forceps group; P = 0.038). A larger mean area of tissue was harvested by cryoprobe (14.7 ± 11 mm2) than by conventional forceps (3.3 ± 4.1 mm2) (P < 0.001). More grade 2 bleeding (not statistically significant) occurred in the cryoprobe group (56.4%) than in the conventional‐forceps group (34.2%). No differences in other complications were observed.ConclusionsTBLB by cryoprobe is safe and potentially useful in the diagnosis of ILD. Larger multisite randomized trials are required to confirm the potential benefits of this procedure.Clinical trial registration at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01064609.
The pattern of xylan acetylation suggests xylan may interact with cellulose microfibrils as a twofold helical screw in the secondary plant cell wall of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Busse‐Wicher Marta , Gomes Thiago C. F. , Tryfona Theodora , Nikolovski Nino , Stott Katherine , Grantham Nicholas J. , Bolam David N. , Skaf Munir S. , Dupree Paul 
Published: June 2014

SummaryThe interaction between xylan and cellulose microfibrils is important for secondary cell wall properties in vascular plants; however, the molecular arrangement of xylan in the cell wall and the nature of the molecular bonding between the polysaccharides are unknown. In dicots, the xylan backbone of β‐(1,4)‐linked xylosyl residues is decorated by occasional glucuronic acid, and approximately one‐half of the xylosyl residues are O‐acetylated at C‐2 or C‐3. We recently proposed that the even, periodic spacing of GlcA residues in the major domain of dicot xylan might allow the xylan backbone to fold as a twofold helical screw to facilitate alignment along, and stable interaction with, cellulose fibrils; however, such an interaction might be adversely impacted by random acetylation of the xylan backbone. Here, we investigated the arrangement of acetyl residues in Arabidopsis xylan using mass spectrometry and NMR. Alternate xylosyl residues along the backbone are acetylated. Using molecular dynamics simulation, we found that a twofold helical screw conformation of xylan is stable in interactions with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic cellulose faces. Tight docking of xylan on the hydrophilic faces is feasible only for xylan decorated on alternate residues and folded as a twofold helical screw. The findings suggest an explanation for the importance of acetylation for xylan–cellulose interactions, and also have implications for our understanding of cell wall molecular architecture and properties, and biological degradation by pathogens and fungi. They will also impact strategies to improve lignocellulose processing for biorefining and bioenergy.
First-principles study of structural, electronic and optical properties of the KCaX3 (X = F and Cl) compounds
Authors: Mousa Ahmad A. 
Published: June 2014

Structural and electronic properties of perovskite KCaX 3 (X = F and Cl ) compounds are investigated using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method as implemented in the Wien2k code. The exchange-correlation potential is treated by the generalized gradient approximation within the scheme of Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof (GGA-PBE). Based on these calculations, it has been concluded that KCaX 3 compounds have indirect energy band-gap (Γ-R). Moreover, the theoretical investigation which has been carried out on the highly hydrostatic pressure dependence of the KCaX 3 electronic properties revealed a linear relationship between both the hydrostatic pressure and the energy band-gap. In addition, the electronic and bonding properties of the band structure, density of states (DOS) and electron charge density have been calculated and presented. Besides that, the dielectric function, refractive index and extinction coefficient are calculated. The origin of some of the peaks in the optical spectra is discussed in terms of the calculated electronic structure. Finally, the calculated structural properties are found to agree well with the available experimental and theoretical data.
Induced transformations of recurrent a.m.s. dynamical systems
Authors: Huang Sheng , Skoglund Mikael 
Published: June 2014

This note proves that an induced transformation with respect to a finite measure set of a recurrent asymptotically mean stationary dynamical system with a sigma-finite measure is asymptotically mean stationary. Consequently, the Shannon–McMillan–Breiman theorem, as well as the Shannon–McMillan theorem, holds for all reduced processes of any finite-state recurrent asymptotically mean stationary random process. As a by-product, a ratio ergodic theorem for asymptotically mean stationary dynamical systems is presented.
Chapter 11 Volcano geodesy at the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat: a review
Authors: Odbert Henry M. , Ryan Graham A. , Mattioli Glen S. , Hautmann Stefanie , Gottsmann Joachim , Fournier Nicholas , Herd Richard A. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Geodetic surveying is a core volcano monitoring technique. Measurements of how the crust deforms can give valuable insight into the mechanisms and processes that drive an eruption, and the way in which they change. Various geodetic observables, including ground deformation and gravity changes, have been recorded on Montserrat throughout the eruption. Instrumentation and surveying networks used to make such measurements have evolved significantly since 1995, providing increasingly accurate and robust observations. The detailed research that has been facilitated by these rich geodetic datasets has illuminated many aspects of the Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV) and demonstrated eruptive mechanisms that are relevant to the study of other volcanoes. We have compiled a history of the geodetic study of the eruption on Montserrat, detailing the development of surveying techniques, network design and data processing since 1995. We then underline some of the key geodetic observations and review some of the most significant research that has contributed to our understanding of this volcanic system. Finally, we apply a series of typical deformation inversion models to deformation observations, and discuss the parameter sensitivity of such modelling approaches and how confidently they can be applied to identify the characteristics of the mechanisms feeding the eruption.
Chapter 15 The SEA-CALIPSO volcano imaging experiment at Montserrat: plans, campaigns at sea and on land, scientific results, and lessons learned
Authors: Voight B. , Sparks R. S. J. , Shalev E. , Minshull T. , Paulatto M. , Annen C. , Kenedi C. , Hammond J. , Henstock T. J. , Brown L. , Kiddle E. , Malin P. , Mattioli G. , Ammon C. , Arias-Dotson E. , Belousov A. , Byerly K. , Carothers L. , Clarke A. , Dean S. , Ellett L. , Elsworth D. , Hidayat D. , Herd R. A. , Johnson M. , Lee A. , Miller V. , Murphy B. , Peirce C. , Ryan G. , Saldana S. , Snelson C. , Stewart R. , Syers R. , Taron J. , Trofimovs J. , Widiwijayanti C. , Young S. R. , Zamora W. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

Since 1995 the eruption of the andesitic Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat, has been studied in substantial detail. As an important contribution to this effort, the Seismic Experiment with Airgunsource-Caribbean Andesitic Lava Island Precision Seismo-geodetic Observatory (SEA-CALIPSO) experiment was devised to image the arc crust underlying Montserrat, and, if possible, the magma system at SHV using tomography and reflection seismology. Field operations were carried out in October–December 2007, with deployment of 238 seismometers on land supplementing seven volcano observatory stations, and with an array of 10 ocean-bottom seismometers deployed offshore. The RRS
James Cook
on NERC cruise JC19 towed a tuned airgun array plus a digital 48-channel streamer on encircling and radial tracks for 77 h about Montserrat during December 2007, firing 4414 airgun shots and yielding about 47 Gb of data. The main objecctives of the experiment were achieved. Preliminary analyses of these data published in 2010 generated images of heterogeneous high-velocity bodies representing the cores of volcanoes and subjacent intrusions, and shallow areas of low velocity on the flanks of the island that reflect volcaniclastic deposits and hydrothermal alteration. The resolution of this preliminary work did not extend beyond 5 km depth. An improved three-dimensional (3D) seismic velocity model was then obtained by inversion of 181 665 first-arrival travel times from a more-complete sampling of the dataset, yielding clear images to 7.5 km depth of a low-velocity volume that was interpreted as the magma chamber which feeds the current eruption, with an estimated volume 13 km
3
. Coupled thermal and seismic modelling revealed properties of the partly crystallized magma. Seismic reflection analyses aimed at imaging structures under southern Montserrat had limited success, and suggest subhorizontal layering interpreted as sills at a depth of between 6 and 19 km. Seismic reflection profiles collected offshore reveal deep fans of volcaniclastic debris and fault offsets, leading to new tectonic interpretations. This chapter presents the project goals and planning concepts, describes in detail the campaigns at sea and on land, summarizes the major results, and identifies the key lessons learned.
Chapter 16 Pre-eruptive vapour and its role in controlling eruption style and longevity at Soufrière Hills Volcano
Authors: Edmonds Marie , Humphreys Madeleine C. S. , Hauri Erik H. , Herd Richard A. , Wadge Geoff , Rawson Harriet , Ledden Rachel , Plail Melissa , Barclay Jenni , Aiuppa Alessandro , Christopher Thomas E. , Giudice Gaetano , Guida Roberto 
Published: June 2014

Abstract

We use volatiles in melt inclusions and nominally anhydrous phenocrysts, with volcanic gas flux and composition, and textural analysis of mafic inclusions to estimate the mass of exsolved vapour prior to eruption at Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV). Pre-eruptive andesite coexists with exsolved vapour comprising 1.6–2.4 wt% of the bulk magma. The water content of orthopyroxenes indicates a zone of magma storage at pressures of approximately 200–300 MPa, whereas melt inclusions have equilibrated at shallower pressures. Inclusions containing >3 wt% H
2
O are enriched in CO
2
, suggesting flushing with CO
2
-rich gases. Intruding mafic magma contains >8 wt% H
2
O at 200–300 MPa. Rapid quenching is accompanied by crystallization and vesiculation. Upon entrainment into the andesite, mafic inclusions may undergo disaggregation, where expansion of volatiles in the interior overcomes the strength of the crystal frameworks, thereby recharging the vapour content of the andesite. Exsolved vapour may amount to 4.3–8.2 vol% at 300 MPa, with implications for eruption longevity and volume; we estimate the magma reservoir volume to be 60–200 km
3
. Exsolved vapour may account for the small volume change at depth during eruptions from geodetic models, and has implications for magma flow: exsolution is likely to be in equilibrium during rapid magma ascent, with little nucleation of new bubbles.
Chapter 19 Magma storage region processes of the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat
Authors: Devine Joseph D. , Rutherford Malcolm J. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Backscattered electron (BSE) imaging and chemical analysis of minerals and glasses in andesitic tephra produced by the 11 February 2010 explosive eruption of the Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV), Montserrat indicate that magma in the pre-existing magma storage region had been heated from approximately 825 to 835 °C prior to the eruption. The evidence for the heating comes from Fe–Ti oxide geothermometry, compositional zoning profiles in Ti-magnetite and in amphibole crystals, and the absence of quartz in this magma compared to eruptions in 1995–2005. Potentially, global heating of magma in the storage region may influence magma rheology and eruptive styles, and volumes of any future eruptions.

Addendum:

An appendix was added to the above article after the review process. This is contrary to the Society's requirements that all published material is peer-reviewed. The appendix discusses the work of other research groups in a way that the Society considers to be inappropriate. The research groups whose work is discussed contest the statements in the appendix and will submit a discussion to
Journal of the Geological Society
. Once the discussion is accepted and published in the journal, a reference to it will appear under the abstracts of the online Memoir chapter. In addition, the reference to Devine (2006) implies that it is a report. In fact it is an e-mail from Professor Devine to Dr Loughlin, then acting Director of MVO, part of which is quoted in the appendix, and should therefore not be considered part of the scientific literature.
Chapter 21 Controls on variations in cristobalite abundance in ash generated by the Soufrière Hills Volcano, Montserrat in the period 1997 to 2010
Authors: Horwell C. J. , Hillman S. E. , Cole P. D. , Loughlin S. C. , Llewellin E. W. , Damby D. E. , Christopher T. E. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The Soufrière Hills Volcano (SHV) crystallizes cristobalite (crystalline silica) in its lava domes, and inhalation of cristobalite-rich ash may pose a chronic respiratory hazard. We investigate the causes of variation in cristobalite abundance (measured by X-ray diffraction) in ash from dome collapses, explosions and ash venting from 1997 to 2010.

Cristobalite abundance in bulk dome-collapse ash varies between 4 and 23 wt%. During periods of slow lava extrusion (<5 m
3
s
−1
), cristobalite is abundant (7–23 wt%), which we attribute to extensive devitrification in slow-cooling lava; it can also form rapidly (15 wt% in 2 months), but we find no correlation between cristobalite abundance and dome residence time (DRT). By contrast, during rapid extrusion (>5 m
3
s
−1
), cristobalite abundance is low (4–7 wt%, similar to that associated with Vulcanian explosions), and correlates strongly with DRT. We attribute this correlation to progressive vapour-phase mineralization or devitrification, and the lack of contamination by older lava. Cristobalite abundance is expected to be >7 wt% for collapse of slowly extruded lava, for ash venting through a dome or for incorporation of hydrothermally altered edifice during explosions; cristobalite abundance is expected to be <7 wt% for collapse of rapidly extruded lava, for ash venting without dome incorporation and from Vulcanian explosions at SHV.