bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential role of Staphylococcus aureus superantigens in atopic eczema
Authors: Skov Lone , Baadsgaard Ole 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo study the effect of skin testing with Staphylococcus aureus superantigen.SubjectAtopic dermatitis and superantigens.MethodsPatch testing.ResultsAtopic eczema is a multifactorial genetic skin disorder. Staphylococcus aureus is often present on the skin of patients with atopic eczema and recently it has been shown that the majority of these staphylococci secrete superantigens. Superantigens are bacterial and viral proteins characterized by their capacity to stimulate a large number of T cells. Superantigens bind directly to the major histocompatibility complex class 11 molecule on the antigen presenting cell and cross‐link the antigen presenting cell with T cells expressing certain T cell receptors leading to polyclonal T cell activation. Both Langerhans cells and major histocompatibility complex class II positive keratinocytes contain the capacity to activate T cells in the presence of superantigens.ConclusionSuperantigen applied on intact human skin or on uninvolved atopic skin induces eczema. Thus, superantigens may play a role in the exacerbation of atopic eczema.
Evolutionary behavior of thermal and optical properties of fluoride fiberglass with Er3+ doping
Authors: Liu Ruite , Hu Linjia , Wang Zaiyang , Zhao Wenkai , Zhang Longfei , Jiang Yiguang , Zhang Long 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEr3+‐doped fluoride glass and fiber have been widely used in multiple fields such as mid‐infrared laser, visible laser, and amplifier. However, there is no unified conclusion on the thermal and optical properties with respect to varying concentrations of Er3+ doping. Furthermore, this is a paucity of systematic guidance on the preparation of Er3+‐doped fluoride glass and fiber. In this study, fluorozirconate fiberglass with Er3+ doping is systematically examined. Additionally, a preliminary explanation of the evolutionary behavior of glass devitrification, thermal properties, and fluorescence properties is provided. Energy transition models were built for 1.5 and 2.7 µm emissions in Er3+‐doped fluorozirconate at room temperature. Moreover, a suitable doping concentration is proposed based on the evolutionary behavior of thermal and optical properties. In this study, guidance on appropriate Er3+ doping concentration levels in fluorozirconate glass is provided and potential applications are explored.
‘In our culture, we come when you die’: Qualitative descriptive analysis of end‐of‐life perspectives in a reservation‐based community
Authors: Nelson Katie E. , Adams Kathleen , Kahn‐John Michelle , Davidson Patricia M. , Ferrell Betty , Meah Mumtahana , Petchler Claire , Ricker Adriann , Runsabove Kassie , Werk Alicia , Wright Rebecca , Brockie Teresa N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo explore (1) perspectives and attitudes of Native Americans regarding transitions from serious illness to death, and (2) awareness about hospice and palliative care service models in a Great Plains reservation‐based community.DesignQualitative descriptive study.MethodsCommunity members and clinicians were invited to participate in a semi‐structured focus group or interview by Tribal Advisory Board members. Analysis involved three phases: (1) qualitative descriptive analysis of preliminary themes using the Addressing Palliative Care Disparities conceptual model; (2) a cultural review of the data; and (3) reflexive thematic analysis to synthesize findings.ResultsTwenty‐six participants engaged in two focus groups (n = 5–6 participants in each) and interviews (n = 15). Four themes were derived from their stories: (1) family connectedness is always priority; (2) end‐of‐life support is a community‐wide effort; (3) everyone must grieve in their own way to heal; and (4) support needs from outside the community.ConclusionFindings highlight cultural considerations spanning the life course. Clinicians, researchers and traditional wisdom keepers and practitioners, particularly those working in rural and/or reservation‐based settings, must provide culturally safe care. This must include acknowledging and prioritizing the needs and preferences of Native American patients and the impact on their families and communities.Impact and Implications for the ProfessionLeveraging community assets, such as family and social networks, is key for supporting Native American patients with serious illnesses. Additionally, facilitating greater family and caregiver involvement along a patient's care trajectory may be a pathway for easing health care workers' caseloads in reservation‐based areas, where resources are limited.Reporting MethodThe Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guideline was used.Patient/Public ContributionThe study was ideated based on community insight. Tribal Advisory Board members oversaw all aspects including recruitment, data acquisition, interpretation of findings and tribal data dissemination.
Leading through the COVID‐19 pandemic: Experiences of UK Executive Nurse Directors
Authors: James Alison H. , Dimond Rebecca , Jones Aled , Watkins Dianne , Kelly Daniel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the challenges experienced by Executive Nurse Directors during the COVID‐19 pandemic, and to inform future nursing leadership strategies.DesignA qualitative research project involving interviews with 21 Executive Nurse Directors from England and Wales.MethodsParticipants were purposively sampled and recruited through Chief Nursing Officers and nursing leadership networks. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted and recorded online via Teams. Braun and Clarke's approach to thematic reflexive analysis was applied to data analysis.ResultsExecutive Nurse Directors played a critical role during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Six themes are explored: tensions, and adaptive response to personal leadership styles; uncertainty and support at the board level; responding to national political decision‐making; the personal and emotional impact of the role and the sources of effective support; the voice and public profile of nursing; lessons learnt and strategies for future leadership development. Enablers of decision‐making included effective multidisciplinary working, freedom from normal organizational constraints, support for innovation, and the development of stronger bonds with colleagues. Barriers to decision‐making included limited knowledge of the virus and its impact and lack of guidance, particularly at a national level. Priorities, strategies and actions for recovery include recognizing the emotional impact of being in a high‐level decision‐making role, protecting staff from burnout and understanding the long‐term implications of pandemic work for nurse leaders.ConclusionFuture strategies for nursing leadership during public health, national and global emergencies are recommended.ImpactThis study contributes to the literature exploring the Executive Nurse Director role and their experiences of leading through the COVID‐19 pandemic, and identifies priorities, strategies and actions for recovery and learning for the future of senior leadership.Reporting MethodThe study adhered to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
A network analysis of self‐compassion and burnout in a sample of nurses
Authors: Liu Chunqin , Zhou Ying , Luo Qing , Song Liqin , Xiao JiaJian , Tan Wenying , Miao Chuyuan , Smith Graeme Drummond 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn the nursing profession, the concept of self‐compassion has been associated with burnout. However, to date, the fine‐grained relationships between different dimensions of self‐compassion and symptoms of burnout have not been investigated. Network analysis provides a new avenue for exploring the fine‐grained correlation paths of two related variables.AimTo analyse the nuanced associations between self‐compassion and burnout using network analysis in a large cohort of Chinese nurses.DesignA cross‐sectional multi‐centre survey design study.MethodsParticipants were recruited from 30 hospitals in China between April and May 2022. These nurses completed the Chinese Maslach Burnout Inventory‐General Survey (C‐MBI‐GS) and Self‐Compassion Scale‐Short Form (SCS‐SF). Network analysis was performed to illustrate the complex nuanced relationships between self‐compassion and burnout.ResultsA total of 1467 nurses (age 32.2 [18–56] years; 89.9% were female) participated in the study. Nodes Mindfulness and Isolation had the highest centralities measured by strength. Nodes Mindfulness, reduced personal accomplishment and Isolation were the most negative and positive influential nodes that bridged self‐compassion and burnout. There were no differences in terms of gender, age, professional title and job tenure in the structure or connectivity of the self‐compassion and burnout network.ConclusionDifferent components of self‐compassion were specifically associated with different dimensions of burnout in registered nurses. Among these, Mindfulness, Isolation and Reduced personal accomplishment were the three most important components of self‐compassion for burnout symptoms.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.ImpactUnderstanding the intricate connections between self‐compassion and burnout will allow hospital administrators to prioritize the elements of Mindfulness and Isolation within self‐compassion and the dimension of Reduced personal accomplishment within burnout when designing preventative measures and interventions aimed at reducing nurse burnout.
Hydrogen alleviates hypoxic–ischaemic brain damage in neonatal rats by inhibiting injury of brain pericytes
Authors: Li Hui , Sun Hao , Li Shiping , Huang Lingyi , Zhang Mingfu , Wang Shaopu , Liu Qian , Ying Junjie , Zhao Fengyan , Su Xiaojuan , Mu Dezhi , Qu Yi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHypoxia‐ischaemia (HI) can induce the death of cerebrovascular constituent cells through oxidative stress. Hydrogen is a powerful antioxidant which can activate the antioxidant system. A hypoxia‐ischaemia brain damage (HIBD) model was established in 7‐day‐old SD rats. Rats were treated with different doses of hydrogen‐rich water (HRW), and brain pericyte oxidative stress damage, cerebrovascular function and brain tissue damage were assessed. Meanwhile, in vitro‐cultured pericytes were subjected to oxygen–glucose deprivation and treated with different concentrations of HRW. Oxidative injury was measured and the molecular mechanism of how HRW alleviated oxidative injury of pericytes was also examined. The results showed that HRW significantly attenuated HI‐induced oxidative stress in the brain pericytes of neonatal rats, partly through the Nrf2‐HO‐1 pathway, further improving cerebrovascular function and reducing brain injury and dysfunction. Furthermore, HRW is superior to a single‐cell death inhibitor for apoptosis, ferroptosis, parthanatos, necroptosis and autophagy and can better inhibit HI‐induced pericyte death. The liver and kidney functions of rats were not affected by present used HRW dose. This study elucidates the role and mechanism of hydrogen in treating HIBD from the perspective of pericytes, providing new theoretical evidence and mechanistic references for the clinical application of hydrogen in neonatal HIE.
Conform and Oppose through Numbers: Quantifying Hybrid Organizations at the International Cooperative Alliance
Authors: Huybrechts Benjamin , Nelson Dylan , Nelson Teresa , O'Shea Noreen , Dufays Frédéric 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCollectives of hybrid organizations have emerged with the aim of promoting the plural goals and values embodied by their member organizations. Doing so, however, often requires simultaneous conformity and opposition to dominant institutional norms, such as those underlying mainstream market activity. We examine how hybrid collectives navigate this ‘conform‐and‐oppose’ tension as they seek to promote their members' hybrid form through quantification – i.e., the use of numbers to label, count, and describe members. Analyzing the case of the International Cooperative Alliance, we identify four interrelated dimensions (valorization, validity, reactivity, and retroaction) through which a hybrid collective can harness quantification to manage differing commitments to market and social goals and values within and beyond the collective – a process we name formative quantification. Core to this process are two filtering mechanisms – validity searching and values queuing – through which a hybrid collective integrates stakeholder perceptions of truth (validity) and value (valorization) to navigate hybrid tensions. Our work extends theory on hybrid tension management to the inter‐organizational level, while shifting the view of organizational quantification from a tool of conformity‐enhancing evaluation towards a collective search for numbers that both conform to and oppose taken‐for‐granted norms.
Ultrasonographic characteristics of myogenous temporomandibular disorders: A scoping review
Authors: De Nordenflycht Diego , Figueroa Katherine , Muñoz Jaime , De la Torre Canales Giancarlo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the available evidence on the ultrasonographic characteristics of masticatory muscles in subjects with myogenous TMD, as well as the potential use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic and treatment assessment outcomes tool.MethodAn electronic search of the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases was performed using the following terms: ‘ultrasonography’, ‘ultrasound’, ‘masseter’, ‘temporal’, ‘masticatory muscles’, ‘temporomandibular disorders’, ‘temporomandibular joint disorders’. Full‐text articles were obtained from the records after applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria.ResultsThirteen articles were included for analysis: one comparative cross‐sectional study, five case–control studies, six clinical trials and one randomised clinical trial. Main ultrasonographic characteristic assessed were local cross‐sectional dimension and intramuscular ultrasonographic appearance. Retrieved studies reported the use ultrasonography for diagnosis or treatment assessment purposes showing heterogeneous results. For diagnosis purposes, the results of local cross‐sectional dimension are not consistent; therefore, its diagnostic value for myogenous TMD diagnosis is weak. However, more homogeneous results were observed for intramuscular ultrasonographic appearance showing a higher prevalence of type‐II pattern in myogenous TMD subjects than non‐TMD subjects. On the other hand, for treatment assessment purposes, muscles were observed thinner after treatment compared to pre‐treatment. Also, results of intramuscular ultrasonographic appearance show disappearance or reduction of anechoic areas, higher prevalence of type‐II pattern and significant distinction of echogenic bands were observed after treating TMD subjects.ConclusionUltrasonography cannot be considered as a diagnostic instrument, but maybe as a complementary tool for treatment assessment of myogenous TMD subjects, even though future research is required to confirm its utility.
Sodium glucose transporter 2 inhibitors: Will these drugs benefit non‐diabetic veterinary patients with cardiac and kidney diseases?
Authors: Elliott Jonathan , Oyama Mark A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSodium glucose transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been introduced into human medicine where their beneficial effects go beyond the expected improvement in blood glucose control. These drugs appear to prevent progression of both cardiovascular and kidney diseases, not only in diabetic but also in non‐diabetic human patients. As these drugs have received conditional approval for use in diabetic cats and are being used in other veterinary species, the intriguing question as to whether they will have similar cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects in dogs and cats is being asked. The primary mechanism(s) by which SGLT2 inhibitors are cardio‐ and nephroprotective remain to be fully characterized. This paper reviews these suggested mechanisms in the context of the pathophysiology of progressive cardiovascular and kidney diseases in dogs and cats with the goal of predicting which categories of non‐diabetic veterinary patients these drugs might be of most benefit.
Dietary inflammation, sleep and mental health in the United Kingdom and Japan: A comparative cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hepsomali Piril , Kagami‐Katsuyama Hiroyo , Coxon Christle , Honma Naoyuki , Kinoshita Koki , Hattori Hiroki , Nishihira Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiet has been repeatedly shown to affect mental and sleep health outcomes. However, it is well known that there are cross‐cultural differences in dietary practices as well as the prevalence of mental and sleep health outcomes. Given that the dietary inflammatory potential of diets has been linked to mental and sleep health outcomes, in the current study we sought to assess the inflammatory status of habitual diets and examine its relationship with mental and sleep health outcomes in both the United Kingdom and Japan. Our aim was to determine if the associations between the dietary inflammation index (DII) score and these health outcomes could elucidate any potential cross‐cultural differences in health. Online survey data was collected from 602 participants (aged 18–40 years) in the United Kingdom (n = 288) and Japan (n = 314). Participants self‐reported their dietary intakes, as well as current mental health and sleep patterns. The DII score was calculated (score range − 2.79 to 3.49) We found that although participants in the United Kingdom reported better overall mental wellbeing, participants in Japan reported less severe depression, anxiety and stress and better subjective sleep quality, less sleep disturbances and daytime dysfunction, despite sleeping shorter, and a better adherence to an anti‐inflammatory diet. Moreover, across the United Kingdom and Japan, adherence to more anti‐inflammatory diets predicted higher levels of subjective sleep quality, fewer sleep disturbances, less use of sleep medicine and less daytime dysfunction. In conclusion, there are several differences between mental and sleep health outcomes in the United Kingdom and Japan, which could be attributable to the inflammatory potential of respective regional diets. Future studies are warranted to examine the mental and sleep health benefits of adhering to anti‐inflammatory traditional Japanese diets in clinical and subclinical cohorts.
Embracing the ambiguity: Tracing climate response diversity in urban water management
Authors: Deslatte Aaron , Koebele Elizabeth A. , Wiechman Adam 
Published: July 2024

AbstractClimate change is a management and governance challenge requiring diverse potential responses. This article highlights the critical role public managers play in navigating the response diversity of such governance systems. Response diversity is the rule‐based set of options available for responding to unexpected service disruptions and is distinguished from ambiguity, which holds a negative valence within public administration. We first develop theoretical propositions about how institutions influence response diversity, drawing on public administration, resilience, and cognitive science research. Then, we use the Institutional Grammar and Institutional Network Analysis tools to empirically trace the rate‐making processes in two U.S. urban water utilities. We conclude that institutional designs do distinctively influence response diversity and are therefore key for evaluating the climate adaptability of heavily engineered infrastructure systems. Specifically, we identify important differences in the diversity of information, participation, and heuristics used for selecting investment strategies.
Cotton BOP1 mediates SUMOylation of GhBES1 to regulate fibre development and plant architecture
Authors: Wang Bingting , Wang Zhian , Tang Ye , Zhong Naiqin , Wu Jiahe 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThe Arabidopsis BLADE‐ON‐PETIOLE (BOP) genes are primarily known for their roles in regulating leaf and floral patterning. However, the broader functions of BOPs in regulating plant traits remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the role of the Gossypium hirsutum BOP1 gene in the regulation of fibre length and plant height through the brassinosteroid (BR) signalling pathway. Transgenic cotton plants overexpressing GhBOP1 display shorter fibre lengths and reduced plant height compared to the wild type. Conversely, GhBOP1 knockdown led to increased plant height and longer fibre, indicating a connection with phenotypes influenced by the BR pathway. Our genetic evidence supports the notion that GhBOP1 regulates fibre length and plant height in a GhBES1‐dependent manner, with GhBES1 being a major transcription factor in the BR signalling pathway. Yeast two‐hybrid, luciferase complementation assay and pull‐down assay results demonstrated a direct interaction between GhBOP1 and GhSUMO1, potentially forming protein complexes with GhBES1. In vitro and in vivo SUMOylation analyses revealed that GhBOP1 functions in an E3 ligase‐like manner to mediate GhBES1 SUMOylation and subsequent degradation. Therefore, our study not only uncovers a novel mechanism of GhBES1 SUMOylation but also provides significant insights into how GhBOP1 regulates fibre length and plant height by controlling GhBES1 accumulation.
Adolescent health‐risk behaviours in Uruguay: Patterns from national cross‐sectional school surveys conducted in 2006, 2012 and 2019
Authors: Pengpid Supa , Peltzer Karl , Rodríguez María José 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are no trend studies on various health risk behaviours among adolescents in Uruguay. Therefore, this study looked at trends in a number of health‐risky behaviours among adolescents in Uruguay from three separate surveys.MethodsData from 9272 adolescents (age range: 11–16 years), who took part in three cross‐sectional national in‐school surveys in Uruguay in 2006, 2012 and 2019 were analysed. A self‐administered survey was used to evaluate 24 health risk behaviours. By using logistic regression analyses to treat the study year as a categorical variable and adjusting food insecurity and age, linear trends were examined.ResultsWe found a significant increase in the prevalence of being overweight, having obesity, inadequate fruit intake, sedentary behaviour in leisure‐time, physical inactivity, bullying victimisation, loneliness, suicidal ideation, and sexual activity. We found a significant decrease in current cigarette use, physical fighting and current alcohol use. Among males, a significant increase of non‐condom use, and a decrease in current other tobacco use (other than cigarettes), being physically attacked and the number of sexual partners. Among females, we found an increase in food insecurity, trouble from alcohol use, multiple sexual partners, and sleep problems.ConclusionOverall, from 2006 to 2019, there was a decrease in seven health risk behaviours among boys and/or girls. Among boys, there was an increase in 10 health risk behaviours and among girls, 15 health risk behaviours increased, highlighting adolescent girls' greater vulnerability, thereby perpetuating further gendered health inequalities. In Uruguay, school health programmes for adolescents are recommended.