bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing problematic hypoglycaemia: iterative design and preliminary psychometric validation of the Hypoglycaemia Awareness Questionnaire (HypoA‐Q)
Authors: Speight J. , Barendse S. M. , Singh H. , Little S. A. , Inkster B. , Frier B. M. , Heller S. R. , Rutter M. K. , Shaw J. A. M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimsTo design and conduct preliminary validation of a measure of hypoglycaemia awareness and problematic hypoglycaemia, the Hypoglycaemia Awareness Questionnaire.MethodsExploratory and cognitive debriefing interviews were conducted with 17 adults (nine of whom were women) with Type 1 diabetes (mean ± sd age 48 ± 10 years). Questionnaire items were modified in consultation with diabetologists/psychologists. Psychometric validation was undertaken using data from 120 adults (53 women) with Type 1 diabetes (mean ± sd age 44 ± 16 years; 50% with clinically diagnosed impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia), who completed the following questionnaires: the Hypoglycaemia Awareness Questionnaire, the Gold score, the Clarke questionnaire and the Problem Areas in Diabetes questionnaire.ResultsIterative design resulted in 33 items eliciting responses about awareness of hypoglycaemia when awake/asleep and hypoglycaemia frequency, severity and impact (healthcare utilization). Psychometric analysis identified three subscales reflecting ‘impaired awareness’, ‘symptom level’ and ‘symptom frequency’. Convergent validity was indicated by strong correlations between the ‘impaired awareness’ subscale and existing measures of awareness: (Gold: rs=0.75, P < 0.01; Clarke: rs=0.76, P < 0.01). Divergent validity was indicated by weaker correlations with diabetes‐related distress (Problem Areas in Diabetes: rs=0.25, P < 0.01) and HbA1c (rs=‐0.05, non‐significant). The ‘impaired awareness’ subscale and other items discriminated between those with impaired and intact awareness (Gold score). The ‘impaired awareness’ subscale and other items contributed significantly to models explaining the occurrence of severe hypoglycaemia and hypoglycaemia when asleep.ConclusionsThis preliminary validation shows the Hypoglycaemia Awareness Questionnaire has robust face and content validity; satisfactory structure; internal reliability; convergent, divergent and known groups validity. The impaired awareness subscale and other items contribute significantly to models explaining recall of severe and nocturnal hypoglycaemia. Prospective validation, including determination of a threshold to identify impaired awareness, is now warranted.
Routine use of continuous glucose monitoring in 10 501 people with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Battelino T. , Liabat S. , Veeze H. J. , Castañeda J. , Arrieta A. , Cohen O. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimsTo analyse blood glucose control according to continuous glucose monitoring use in data from the CareLink™ database, and to identify factors associated with continuation of sensor use during sensor‐augmented pump therapy.MethodsThe analysis used data from 10 501 people with Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, of whom 7916 (61.7%) had used glucose sensors for ≥ 15 days during any 6‐month period over a 2‐year observation period. Data were analysed according to the extent of sensor use ( < 25%, 25–49%, 50–74% and ≥ 75% of the time). Time to discontinuation of sensor use was also analysed in new users of glucose sensors.ResultsCompared with patients in the lowest sensor usage group and non‐users, the highest glucose sensor usage group had significantly (P < 0.0001) lower mean blood glucose and blood glucose sd, were more likely to achieve a mean blood glucose concentration < 8.6 mmol/l, (odds ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.3–1.7; P < 0.0001), and had 50% fewer hypoglycaemic (blood glucose concentration < 2.8 mmol/l) episodes. Among new users, sensor use during the first month of therapy was an important predictor of subsequent discontinuation. Lack of full reimbursement was also significantly associated with early discontinuation, whereas measures of glycaemic control were predictive of discontinuation during long‐term treatment.ConclusionsThe use of continuous glucose monitoring was significantly associated with reductions in hypoglycaemia and improved metabolic control during insulin pump therapy. Sensor use during the first month was strongly associated with long‐term adherence; patient education and training may be helpful in achieving this.
Evaluation of the effect of nurse education on patient‐reported foot checks and foot care behaviour of people with diabetes receiving haemodialysis
Authors: Brand S. L. , Musgrove A. , Jeffcoate W. J. , Lincoln N. B. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAimsTo assess whether a programme of nurse education increased the frequency with which nurses conducted foot checks on people with diabetes undergoing haemodialysis and to evaluate whether this influenced self‐reported foot care behaviour.MethodsA non‐randomized stepped‐wedge design was used to evaluate a nurse education programme implemented in four UK National Health Service dialysis units. People with diabetes undergoing haemodialysis were invited to complete a questionnaire on the frequency of foot examination by health professionals, on the presence of foot problems and on their own foot care behaviour, using the Nottingham Assessment of Functional Foot‐care (NAFF). An education session for nurses, including procedures for foot examination, was conducted sequentially in each of four haemodialysis units. The questionnaire was repeated at 2‐monthly intervals.ResultsThe education session resulted in a significant increase in the reported number of foot examinations by nurses (P = 0.007). There was also a significant improvement in reported foot care behaviour (P < 0.001), but this occurred between the first and second 2‐monthly assessments and was unrelated to the timing of the intervention.ConclusionsA single education session can improve the routine checking of the feet of people with diabetes undergoing haemodialysis. The administration of the Nottingham Assessment of Functional Foot‐care questionnaire was associated with improved self‐reported foot care behaviour, reflecting greater awareness of risk in this population.
Unusual root development following surgical repositioning of horizontally developing central incisor
Authors: Bhatia Sarabjot Kaur , Goyal Ashima , Gauba Krishan , Acharya Shivesh 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDilaceration is one of the causes of maxillary central incisor eruption failure. If the dilacerated maxillary permanent central incisor is in a horizontal or vertical position and root formation is in early stages, surgical repositioning is frequently the treatment of choice. In this article, the case of a horizontally impacted and dilacerated maxillary central incisor is presented which was treated by surgical repositioning. The tooth developed an unusual form of the root with discontinuity at the middle third region with the coronal and apical parts growing separately. Radiographic and clinical monitoring of the case was regularly performed. The tooth completely erupted in 2 years after the repositioning and even after 6 years of surgery is currently successfully functional in the arch with the malformed root. This article highlights the ability of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath to withstand trauma and its ability to recover.
Fish assemblages in Atlantic Forest streams: the relative influence of local and catchment environments on taxonomic and functional species
Authors: Terra Bianca de F. , Hughes Robert M. , Araújo Francisco G. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractStreams are under environmental pressures acting at different scales that influence the ecological organisation of their fish assemblages. However, the relative influence of the different scale‐related variables on assemblage composition and function is poorly understood. We evaluated the importance of local‐ and catchment‐scale environmental variables, as well as the spatial structure of the sampling sites, in shaping fish assemblages in Atlantic Forest streams. Local‐scale variables were those measured at the sampling sites, describing the local habitat conditions (e.g. depth, substrate type, altitude). Catchment‐scale variables were those integrating the upstream landscape of the sampling sites (e.g. catchment land use). Spatial distances were calculated from watercourse distance using principal coordinates of neighbour matrices. Altogether, 28 local and seven catchment variables were initially subjected to two processes of eliminating co‐linearity. Redundancy analysis was applied to the three matrices (spatial, local and catchment) to quantify the variance in the structure of the fish assemblages explained by each matrix. Local variables explained more variability in both taxonomic and functional assemblage structure, than catchment and spatial variables. Local variables also changed along the longitudinal gradient, which consequently influenced fish assemblage structure. This pattern was also influenced by anthropogenic alteration and non‐native species, which were more abundant in downstream sites. These results highlight the need to assess Atlantic Forest streams under different environmental scales, especially through the use of quantitative local‐scale metrics, and to consider the effects of longitudinal patterns in structuring fish assemblages when developing and implementing monitoring programmes, impact studies and conservation plans.
Spatial structure, host heterogeneity and parasite virulence: implications for vaccine‐driven evolution
Authors: Zurita‐Gutiérrez Yazmín Hananí , Lion Sébastien 
Published: June 2015

AbstractNatural host‐parasite interactions exhibit considerable variation in host quality, with profound consequences for disease ecology and evolution. For instance, treatments (such as vaccination) may select for more transmissible or virulent strains. Previous theory has addressed the ecological and evolutionary impact of host heterogeneity under the assumption that hosts and parasites disperse globally. Here, we investigate the joint effects of host heterogeneity and local dispersal on the evolution of parasite life‐history traits. We first formalise a general theoretical framework combining variation in host quality and spatial structure. We then apply this model to the specific problem of parasite evolution following vaccination. We show that, depending on the type of vaccine, spatial structure may select for higher or lower virulence compared to the predictions of non‐spatial theory. We discuss the implications of our results for disease management, and their broader fundamental relevance for other causes of host heterogeneity in nature.
The health, education, and social care costs of school‐aged children with active epilepsy: A population‐based study
Authors: Hunter Rachael M. , Reilly Colin , Atkinson Patricia , Das Krishna B. , Gillberg Christopher , Chin Richard F. , Scott Rod C. , Neville Brian G. R. , Morris Stephen 
Published: June 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo provide data on the health, social care, and education costs of active childhood epilepsy and factors associated with these costs over an 18‐month period in a population‐based sample.MethodsThe Children with Epilepsy in Sussex Schools (CHESS) study is a population‐based study involving school‐aged children (5–15 years) with active epilepsy (taking one or more antiepileptic drug and/or had a seizure in the last year) in a defined geographical area in England. Clinical data were collected on 85 children (74% of eligible population) who underwent comprehensive psychological assessment. Health, education, and social care resource use was collected retrospectively over an 18‐month period. Regression analysis was used to identify variables associated these with costs.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) 18‐month cost of health care for a child with active epilepsy was £3,635 (£5,339), with mean education and social care cost of £11,552 (£8,937) and £1,742 (£8,158), respectively, resulting in total mean costs per participant of £16,931 (£14,764). Health care costs were significantly associated with seizure frequency and etiology (all p‐values < 0.05). Combined health care, social care, and education costs were significantly related to cognitive impairment (intelligence quotient [IQ] <85) and seizure frequency (p < 0.05). The mean cost of health care, social care, and education over 18 months for participants with cognitive impairment was £23,579 (95% confidence interval [CI] £16,489–£30,670) compared to £7,785 (95% CI £4,943–£10,627) for those without impairment.SignificanceActive childhood epilepsy has significant health, social care, and education costs. This is the first study to comprehensively document the economic impact on these sectors as well as factors associated with these costs. When caring for children with epilepsy in England, costs incurred by education and social care sectors are approximately four times the costs incurred by the health care sector. Increased costs were associated with cognitive impairment (IQ <85) and weekly or greater seizure frequency.
Deep brain stimulation of anterior nucleus thalami disrupts sleep in epilepsy patients
Authors: Voges Berthold R. , Schmitt Friedhelm C. , Hamel Wolfgang , House Patrick M. , Kluge Christian , Moll Christian K. E. , Stodieck Stefan R. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIn view of the regulatory function of the thalamus in the sleep‐wake cycle, the impact of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the anterior nucleus thalami (ANT) on sleep was assessed in a small consecutive cohort of epilepsy patients with standardized polysomnography (PSG). In nine patients treated with ANT‐DBS (voltage 5 V, frequency 145 Hz, cyclic mode), the number of arousals during stimulation and nonstimulation periods, neuropsychiatric symptoms (npS), and seizure frequency were determined. Electroclinical arousals were triggered in 14.0 to 67.0% (mean 42.4 ± SD 16.8%) of all deep brain stimuli. Six patients reported npS. Nocturnal DBS voltages were reduced in eight patients (one patient without npS refused) and PSGs were repeated. Electroclinical arousals occurred between 1.4 and 6.7 (mean 3.3 ± 1.7) times more frequently during stimulation periods compared to nonstimulation periods; the number of arousals positively correlated with the level of DBS voltage (range 1 V to 5 V) (Spearman′s rank coefficient 0.53121; p < 0.05). No patient experienced seizure deterioration and four patients reported remission of npS. This case‐cohort study provides evidence that ANT‐DBS interrupts sleep in a voltage‐dependent manner, thus putatively resulting in an increase of npS. Reduction of nocturnal DBS voltage seems to lead to improvement of npS without hampering efficacy of ANT‐DBS.
Epilepsy in children with tuberous sclerosis complex: Chance of remission and response to antiepileptic drugs
Authors: Overwater Iris E. , Bindels‐de Heus Karen , Rietman André B. , ten Hoopen Leontine W. , Vergouwe Yvonne , Moll Henriette A. , de Wit Marie‐Claire Y. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo describe treatment and outcome of epilepsy in children with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).MethodsSeventy‐one children with TSC and epilepsy treated at the ENCORE TSC Expertise Center between 1988 and 2014 were included. Patient characteristics and duration and effectiveness of antiepileptic treatments were extracted from our clinical database. Correlations were made between recurrence of seizures after response to treatment, and several patient characteristics.ResultsMedian age at time of inclusion was 9.4 years (range 0.9–18.0). Seizure history showed that 55 children (77%) of 71 became seizure‐free for longer than 1 month, and 21 (30%) of 71 for longer than 24 months. Remission of seizures was associated with higher IQ, and a trend was observed between seizure remission and age at onset of seizures. A total of 19 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were used. Valproic acid, vigabatrin, levetiracetam, and carbamazepine were used most frequently. Nonpharmacologic therapies (ketogenic diet, epilepsy surgery, and vagus nerve stimulation) were used 13 times. Epilepsy surgery was most effective, with four of five children becoming seizure‐free. AEDs prescribed as first and second treatment were most effective. Valproic acid was prescribed most frequently as first and second treatment, followed by vigabatrin. Thirty‐one children had infantile spasms, preceded by focal seizures in 18 children (58%). Vigabatrin was used by 29 children (94%), and was first treatment in 15 (48%). Vigabatrin was more effective than other AEDs when prescribed as first treatment.SignificanceWe showed that, although 77% of children with epilepsy due to TSC reached seizure remission, usually after their first or second AED, this was sustained for at least 24 months in only 38%. Almost half of those with 24 months of remission later had relapse of seizures. Our results support vigabatrin as first choice drug, and show the need for better treatment options for these children.
The effect of intravenous fresh frozen plasma administration on fibrinogen and albumin concentrations in sick neonatal foals
Authors: Hollis A. R. , Wilkins P. A. , Tennent‐Brown B. , Palmer J. E. , Boston R. C. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThis study investigated the immediate (6 h or less) effects of fibrinogen and albumin contained in transfused equine origin fresh frozen plasma on those proteins when measured in sick neonatal foals. Fibrinogen and albumin concentrations were measured in the administered plasma and in 31 sick foals at admission to a referral neonatal intensive care unit. Additional samples were obtained from the foals at 2 and 6 h following transfusion. No changes in albumin concentration were recognised. The main determinant of fibrinogen concentration following transfusion was the concentration of fibrinogen in the foal at admission. Importantly, intravenous transfusion of equine fresh frozen plasma did not result in immediate (6 h or less) increases or decreases in the fibrinogen concentration in the recipient foals. Fibrinogen from the donor contained within transfused plasma will not directly affect fibrinogen concentrations measured at later times.
Methods for ranking college sports coaches based on data envelopment analysis and PageRank
Authors: Hu Zhi‐Hua , Zhou Jing‐Xian , Zhang Meng‐Jun , Zhao Yang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTwo methods based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) and PageRank are proposed to rank college athletic coaches. The DEA‐based method uses four processes: first, the input factors must undergo the Kendall Consistency Check to ensure the feasibility and consistency of the result; second, the Data Reduction Factor epitomizes the input–output factors; third, the Range Transfer Approach standardizes the parameters and fourth, Efficiency Assessment Values for each coach are computed using a DEA model. The PageRank‐based method involves building a network for matching coaches whose algorithms are used for the ranking. Sensitivity analysis and general analysing methods are applied to examine and analyse the ranking results for baseball, basketball and football coaches. The PageRank‐based method also considers dynamic and diffusion relationships among coaches. The results are analysed to reveal possible features to improve the method.
Local variants of mobile sustainable building assessment models: the marketization and constrained mutation of BREEAM ES
Authors: FAULCONBRIDGE JAMES , YALCINER SERCAN 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe globalization of sustainable building assessment models is now a familiar topic, as are related debates about the degrees of local sensitivity of such models. The contribution of this article is to examine empirically the way marketization affects the mutation of models as they travel, and the implications of this for local sensitivity. By marketization, we mean the effects when both a market for models emerges, and the adoption of a model acts as a means for an organization or city to gain competitive advantage over rivals. Using the case of one sustainable building assessment model, the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Model (BREEAM), and its movement from the UK to Spain and transformation into BREEAM ES, the article reveals the important ways that marketization can constrain mutation. Using Callon's ideas about translation, we show that the model was translated in a way designed to minimize adaptations to local context in order to maximize the comparability of buildings assessed using BREEAM ES with buildings assessed using other variants of the BREEAM model. This suggests, we claim, that marketization is a significant reason for the outcomes of the mobility of BREEAM being the opposite of that observed in many previous studies where a model's name stays the same but its content and the practice of implementation varies.
Role of the tumor necrosis factor family member LIGHT in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Seifeldin Neveen Salah , El Sayed Shereen Bendary , Asaad Marwa Kamal , Aly Alaa Ahmed 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundLIGHT (the name of which is derived from “homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for herpes simplex virus entry mediator, and expressed by T lymphocytes”), is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily that is involved in various inflammatory diseases.ObjectivesTo assess serum LIGHT levels in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) before and after treatment and compare it with controls. To correlate serum LIGHT with the severity scoring of AD (SCORAD) index. Another objective is to compare LIGHT levels between lesional skin in patients with AD and controls.MethodsTwenty patients with AD and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum LIGHT levels were examined using an enzyme immunoassay technique. Serum total IgE levels, absolute eosinophil count, and eosinophil percentage were also done for both patients and controls. The SCORAD index was done for every patient before and after treatment. Skin LIGHT levels were analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit and compared with control skin.ResultsSerum LIGHT levels in patients with AD were significantly higher than that of healthy controls and correlated positively with SCORAD index. LIGHT concentrations decreased as the symptoms were improved by treatment. A significant correlation was found on comparing the LIGHT serum levels and other established markers of disease severity. LIGHT levels in lesional skin in these patients were markedly higher than LIGHT levels in normal skin.ConclusionLIGHT may play an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. This may presumably have possible future implications on the treatment of this chronic disease.
High‐pressure processing with hot sauce flavouring enhances sensory quality for raw oysters (Crassostrea virginica)
Authors: Kingsley David H. , Duncan Susan E. , Granata Linda A. , Salinas‐Jones Amanda , Flick George J. , Bourne Dianne M. , Fernandez‐Plotka Virginia C. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThis study evaluated flavouring raw oysters by placing them under pressure in the presence of a commercially available hot sauce. Hand‐shucked raw oysters were processed at high pressure (600 MPa), in the presence or absence of hot sauce flavouring and evaluated by an experienced sensory panel 3 and 10 days after postharvest processing. The sensory panel evaluated high‐pressure‐processed oysters, with and without flavouring, for eleven flavours and three texture characteristics using an 11‐point intensity scale. Oysters were plump and characterised as moderately chewy and firm. Most oyster flavour characteristics were low in intensity with moderate intensity for briny and umami attributes. Flavoured oysters had a moderately intense tangy flavour and aftertaste. Flavouring a raw oyster by high‐pressure processing provides the potential to create a microbiologically safe product with unique sensory characteristics, which may influence consumer acceptance and marketability.