bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Third-Order Accurate Direct Eulerian GRP Scheme for One-Dimensional Relativistic Hydrodynamics
Authors: Wu Kailiang , Yang Zhicheng , Tang Huazhong 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA third-order accurate direct Eulerian generalised Riemann problem (GRP) scheme is derived for the one-dimensional special relativistic hydrodynamical equations. In our GRP scheme, the higher-order WENO initial reconstruction is employed, and the local GRPs in the Eulerian formulation are directly and analytically resolved to third-order accuracy via the Riemann invariants and Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions, to get the approximate states in numerical fluxes. Unlike a previous second-order accurate GRP scheme, for the non-sonic case the limiting values of the second-order time derivatives of the fluid variables at the singular point are also needed for the calculation of the approximate states; while for the sonic case, special attention is paid because the calculation of the second-order time derivatives at the sonic point is difficult. Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of our GRP scheme.
Randomized Controlled Trial of RSS Reader Use and Resident Familiarity With Primary Literature
Authors: Jenssen Brian P. , Desai Bimal R. , Callahan James M. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Awareness of the primary literature is important for clinicians. Lack of time, poor access to information, and lack of personal initiative may be barriers for some trainees. Really Simple Syndication (RSS) readers aggregate web content, such as journal abstracts, in a single location for easy viewing.

Objective
We assessed whether use of an RSS reader would increase resident reading frequency, familiarity, and understanding of the primary literature.

Methods
We conducted a single-center, prospective, randomized, nonblinded, controlled trial of the effect of RSS reader use on knowledge of recent literature among pediatrics residents. Residents were randomly assigned to the RSS group (education in RSS use and receipt of the Pediatrics RSS feed) or a control group that followed standard reading practices. Outcome measures were differences on baseline and monthly surveys of reading frequency, familiarity with recent publications, and knowledge of recent articles (familiarity validation).

Results
Of 144 eligible residents, 79 (55%) were enrolled in the survey, with 81% (64 of 79) of participants completing all surveys. The RSS reader use was correlated with greater familiarity with selected articles, but not with improved understanding (as measured by ability to answer multiple-choice questions about content). Participants reported satisfaction with the RSS reader based on its ease of use, accessibility, and as an aid in supplementing reading.

Conclusions
The RSS reader use was accepted by residents and associated with increased familiarity with the primary literature but not with increased understanding.
Dermatology Curriculum for Internal Medicine Residents: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Cayce Rachael , Bergstresser Paul , Hesterman Kathleen , Condie Daniel 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Physicians in specialties other than dermatology care for the majority of patients with skin diseases, yet most physicians receive little training in dermatology.

Objectives
The primary objective of this study was to determine whether there would be a sizable (20%) improvement in posttraining scores for internal medicine residents after completing 1 of 3 assigned curricula. A secondary objective was to determine whether there were significant differences in improvement among the 3 resident cohorts after completing their curriculum. Finally, we explored the residents' change in perceived clinical knowledge postcurriculum.

Methods
Thirty-six postgraduate year 2 internal medicine residents were randomized to complete 1 of 3 one-month dermatology curricula (didactic, clinical, or combined). The main outcome measure was performance on different sets of Medical Knowledge Self-Assessment Program (MKSAP)-15 questions at study entry and completion. A secondary outcome was self-rated performance in 3 clinical domains.

Results
All participants completed the study. All curricula led to an improvement in MKSAP-15 scores, but only students who completed the didactic curriculum demonstrated a 20% improvement in posttraining scores. A larger number of residents completing the clinical and didactic curricula rated their clinical performance as improved compared to those who completed the combined curriculum.

Conclusions
While all 3 curricula led to improvement, as measured by a standardized assessment, a didactic curriculum in dermatology resulted in the largest improvement in knowledge as measured by a multiple-choice test.
Perceptions of Internal Medicine Residency Program Candidates on the Use of Simulation in the Selection Process
Authors: Cannon Keith , Hartsell Zachary , Ivanov Ilko , Charles Joseph , Joshi Harshad , Blair Janis , Geyer Holly 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
The recruitment of skilled candidates into internal medicine residency programs has relied on traditional interviewing techniques with varying degrees of success. The development of simulated medical technology has provided a new arena in which to assess candidates' clinical skills, knowledge base, situational awareness, and problem-solving dexterities within a standardized environment for educational and assessment purposes.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate the interest of program candidates in incorporating simulation medicine into the internal medicine residency interview process.

Methods
As a prospective, survey-based analysis, potential candidates who completed an interview between October 2012 and January 2013 with an accredited internal medicine residency program were sent a postmatch survey that incorporated 3 additional questions relating to their prior experience with medical simulation and their views on incorporating the technology into the interview format.

Results
Of the 88 candidates who completed an interview, 92% (n  =  81) were scheduled to graduate medical school in 2013 and were graduates of a US medical school. All survey responders described previous experience with medical simulation. Fifty-eight percent (n  =  51) of responders described being “less likely” to interview with or join a residency program if they were required to participate in a 10-minute medical simulation during the interview process.

Conclusions
The results of this study suggest that despite the increasing role of technology in medical education, its role in high-stakes evaluations (such as residency interviews) requires further maturation before general acceptance by residency candidates can be expected.
Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors Standardized Letter of Recommendation Writers' Questionnaire
Authors: Hegarty Cullen B. , Lane David R. , Love Jeffrey N. , Doty Christopher I. , DeIorio Nicole M. , Ronan-Bentle Sarah , Howell John 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
The Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors (CORD) Standardized Letter of Recommendation (SLOR) has become the primary tool used by emergency medicine (EM) faculty to evaluate residency candidates. A survey was created to describe the training, beliefs, and usage patterns of SLOR writers.

Methods
The SLOR Task Force created the survey, which was circulated to the CORD listserv in 2012.

Results
Forty-six percent of CORD members (320 of 695) completed the survey. Of the respondents, 39% (125 of 320) had fewer than 5 years of experience writing SLOR letters. Most were aware of published guidelines, and most reported they learned how to write a SLOR on their own (67.4%, 182 of 270). Sixty-eight percent (176 of 258) admitted to not following the instructions for certain questions. Self-reported grade inflation occurred “rarely” 36% (97 of 269) of the time and not at all 40% (107 of 269) of the time.

Conclusions
The CORD SLOR has become the primary tool used by EM faculty to evaluate candidates applying for residency in EM. The SLOR has been in use in the EM community for 16 years. However, our study has identified some problems with its use. Those issues may be overcome with a revised format for the SLOR and with faculty training in the writing and use of this document.
Obstacles and Pedestrian Detection on a Moving Vehicle
Authors: Yang Yang , Mingwu Ren , Jingyu Yang 
Published: April 2014

We present a new method for obstacle and pedestrian detection with lower computation complexity and higher detection performance on a small target. By calculating stereo disparity according to the road parameters, our system efficiently detects objects above the ground. Experiments on over 10,000 images captured in urban areas demonstrate our method's effectiveness. We also propose a multi-scale compatible pedestrian detector. Detection speed is improved by avoiding size adjustment of input. Experiments on three public pedestrian databases and our HENU database show that our detector achieves better results than the state-of-the-art detection quality at equal speed, especially on pedestrian target with small size.
Une mesure unifiée de la complexité linguistique : l’analyse matricielle définitoire
Authors: Ibrahim Amr Helmy 
Published: April 2014

Cet article essaie de démontrer qu’il est possible d’avoir une mesure unifiée et standardisée de la plupart des types de complexité linguistique quelle que soit la langue à condition de recourir à un système de description et d’interprétation du fonctionnement des langues – en l’occurrence l’analyse matricielle définitoire (AMD) – qui s’appuie sur cette propriété remarquable des langues naturelles de pouvoir se décrire avec leurs termes les plus courants à travers la construction de classes d’équivalence au sein desquelles les faits grammaticaux – principale source de complexité – sont « décomplexifiés » et mesurés en termes d’opérations régulières de réduction.
Complexité dans une langue isolante : exemple du vietnamien
Authors: Do-Hurinville Danh Thành 
Published: April 2014

Toutes les langues sont aussi complexes les unes que les autres, mais le degré de complexité peut ne pas être similaire dans un domaine donné. Le présent article vise à examiner l’hypothèse compensatoire (selon laquelle les langues isolantes sont moins complexes que les langues flexionnelles du point de vue morphologique, mais peuvent être, par compensation, plus complexes du point de vue syntaxique et sémantique) en passant au crible la grammaire du vietnamien, langue isolante, dont la complexité est examinée à trois niveaux : morpho-phonologique, syntactico-sémantique et discursif.
A Phytochemical-rich Multivitamin-multimineral Supplement is Bioavailable and Reduces Serum Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein, Myeloperoxidase, and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 in a Four-week Pilot trial of Healthy Individuals
Authors: Lerman Robert H. , Desai Anuradha , Lamb Joseph J. , Chang Jyh-Lurn , Darland Gary , Konda Veera R. 
Published: April 2014

Background: A multivitamin-multimineral supplement combined with a diverse blend of bioactive phytochemicals may provide additional antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory property for overall health. This convenient feature may be useful for individuals who want to increase their intake of phytochemicals. Methods: We conducted a pilot study in 15 healthy individuals (8 women and 7 men, mean age 41.7±14.9 years, mean body mass index 28.0±5.6) to investigate the effects of this novel formulation on biomarkers associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. After a 2-week diet that limited intake of fruits and vegetables to 2 servings/day, participants continued with the same restricted diet but began consuming 2 tablets of the study product for the subsequent 4 weeks. Fasting blood samples collected at Week 2 and Week 6 were analyzed and compared using paired t-tests for levels of carotenoids, folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (oxLDL), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), F2-isoprostane, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and myeloperoxidase. Noninvasive peripheral arterial tonometry (EndoPAT) was also measured. Results: After 4 weeks of supplementation, plasma levels of carotenoids, folate, and vitamin B12, but not homocysteine, were significantly increased (P<.05). Serum levels of oxLDL, PAI-1 and myeloperoxidase were significantly reduced (P<.05), but F2-isoprostane, hs-CRP, and EndoPAT measures were unchanged compared with baseline. The study product was well tolerated. Conclusions: This nutritional supplement is bioavailable as indicated by the significant increase in plasma carotenoids, vitamin B12, and folate levels and may provide health benefits by significantly reducing serum levels of oxLDL, myeloperoxidase, and PAI-1 in healthy individuals.
Sustainable sediment management in reservoirs and regulated rivers: Experiences from five continents
Authors: Kondolf G. Mathias , Gao Yongxuan , Annandale George W. , Morris Gregory L. , Jiang Enhui , Zhang Junhua , Cao Yongtao , Carling Paul , Fu Kaidao , Guo Qingchao , Hotchkiss Rollin , Peteuil Christophe , Sumi Tetsuya , Wang Hsiao‐Wen , Wang Zhongmei , Wei Zhilin , Wu Baosheng , Wu Caiping , Yang Chih Ted 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBy trapping sediment in reservoirs, dams interrupt the continuity of sediment transport through rivers, resulting in loss of reservoir storage and reduced usable life, and depriving downstream reaches of sediments essential for channel form and aquatic habitats. With the acceleration of new dam construction globally, these impacts are increasingly widespread. There are proven techniques to pass sediment through or around reservoirs, to preserve reservoir capacity and to minimize downstream impacts, but they are not applied in many situations where they would be effective. This paper summarizes collective experience from five continents in managing reservoir sediments and mitigating downstream sediment starvation. Where geometry is favorable it is often possible to bypass sediment around the reservoir, which avoids reservoir sedimentation and supplies sediment to downstream reaches with rates and timing similar to pre‐dam conditions. Sluicing (or drawdown routing) permits sediment to be transported through the reservoir rapidly to avoid sedimentation during high flows; it requires relatively large capacity outlets. Drawdown flushing involves scouring and re‐suspending sediment deposited in the reservoir and transporting it downstream through low‐level gates in the dam; it works best in narrow reservoirs with steep longitudinal gradients and with flow velocities maintained above the threshold to transport sediment. Turbidity currents can often be vented through the dam, with the advantage that the reservoir need not be drawn down to pass sediment. In planning dams, we recommend that these sediment management approaches be utilized where possible to sustain reservoir capacity and minimize environmental impacts of dams.
Spatial variation in the plasma sheet composition: Dependence on geomagnetic and solar activity
Authors: Maggiolo R. , Kistler L. M. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe study the spatial distribution of plasma sheet O+ and H+ ions using data from the COmposition and DIstribution Function (CODIF) instrument on board the Cluster spacecraft from 2001 to 2005. The densities are mapped along magnetic field lines to produce bidimensional density maps at the magnetospheric equatorial plane for various geomagnetic and solar activity levels (represented by the Kp and F10.7 indexes). We analyze the correlation of the O+ and H+ density with Kp and F10.7 in the midtail region at geocentric distances between 15 and 20 RE and in the near‐Earth regions at radial distances between 7 and 8 RE. Near Earth the H+ density slightly increases with Kp and F10.7 while in the midtail region it is not correlated with Kp and F10.7. On the contrary, the amount of O+ ions significantly increases with Kp and F10.7 independently of the region. In the near‐Earth region, the effects of solar EUV and geomagnetic activity on the O+ density are comparable. In the midtail region, the O+ density increases at a lower rate with solar EUV flux but strongly increases with geomagnetic activity although the effect is modulated by the solar EUV flux level. We also evidence a strong increase of the proportion of O+ ions with decreasing geocentric distance below ~10 RE. These results confirm the direct entry of O+ ions into the near‐Earth plasma sheet and suggest that both energetic outflows from the auroral zone and cold outflow from the high‐latitude ionosphere may contribute to feed the near‐Earth plasma sheet with ionospheric ions.
Evaluating balanced section restoration with thermochronology data: A case study from the Central Pyrenees
Authors: Erdős Zoltán , van der Beek Peter , Huismans Ritske S. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractWe present a new method that can be used to quantitatively evaluate the consistency between balanced section restorations and thermochronological data sets from orogenic belts. We have applied our method to a crustal‐scale area‐balanced cross‐section restoration along a profile in the Central Pyrenees. This restoration is well constrained and supported by a wide variety of geological and geophysical data. Moreover, an extensive thermochronological data set has been collected independently in the area. We use the structural‐kinematic software 2D‐Move™ to constrain a set of velocity fields that describes the kinematics of the Central Pyrenees. Using these velocity fields as input for the thermokinematic code PECUBE, we derive predictions of the thermal history and a range of thermochronometric ages for the modeled area. We find that the kinematic history of the belt as inferred from section balancing is in good agreement with the published thermochronological data. High‐temperature (zircon fission‐track and K‐feldspar Ar‐Ar) data constrain the thermal structure of the belt as well as the timing of underplating. Low‐temperature (apatite fission‐track and (U‐Th)/He) data require late synorogenic sedimentary burial of the southern flank of the Pyrenees between late Eocene (40 Ma) to late Miocene (9 Ma) times, consistent with previous studies, and imply that no such burial occurred on the northern flank.
Shortening of recurrence interval of Boso slow slip events in Japan
Authors: Ozawa Shinzaburo 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA slow slip event occurred off the coast of the Boso peninsula, Japan, from approximately 28 December 2013 to 10 January 2014. The estimated aseismic slip expanded slightly southward and westward over time with a moment magnitude of 6.5, which was the smallest value since 1996. The recurrence interval has decreased from approximately 6.4 to 2.2 years from 1996 to 2014. One explanation of this shortening is the change in Coulomb failure stress due to the 2011 Mw9.0 Tohoku earthquake and its afterslip. Another interpretation is related to a scenario observed in several numerical simulation studies, in which the recurrence interval of slow slip becomes shorter as the time nears a large earthquake. This case will constrain the physical processes of a slip cycle. The Boso slow slip events together with the Tohoku earthquake and its afterslip changed the stress state for the anticipated interplate earthquake near the Sagami trough.
Delay‐dependent Stability and Static Output Feedback Control of 2‐D Discrete Systems with Interval Time‐varying Delays
Authors: Peng Dan , Hua Changchun 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the problems of delay‐dependent stability and static output feedback (SOF) control of two‐dimensional (2‐D) discrete systems with interval time‐varying delays, which are described by the Fornasini‐Marchesini (FM) second model. The upper and lower bounds of delays are considered. Applying a new method of estimating the upper bound on the difference of Lyapunov function that does not ignore any terms, a new delay‐dependent stability criteria based on linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) is derived. Then, given the lower bounds of time‐varying delays, the maximum upper bounds in the above LMIs are obtained through computing a convex optimization problem. Based on the stability criteria, the SOF control problem is formulated in terms of a bilinear matrix inequality (BMI). With the use of the slack variable technique, a sufficient LMI condition is proposed for the BMI. Moreover, the SOF gain can be solved by LMIs. Numerical examples show the effectiveness and advantages of our results.
Adaptive and Robust Stabilization of Feedforward Nonlinear Systems Driven by Symmetric and Non‐symmetric Dead‐zone Inputs
Authors: Ibrir S. , Su C. Y. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe stabilization of feedforward nonlinear systems subject to hard‐input nonlinearities is a challenging problem due to the presence of input uncertainties. This paper deals with adaptive control of a class of feedforward nonlinear systems driven by unknown dead‐zone inputs. The unknown dead‐zone input nonlinearity is assumed to be either symmetric or non‐symmetric. The control design is based on the combination of the invariant‐manifold stabilization technique with the classical adaptive and robust compensation methods. Simulation results showed that the presence of the dead‐zone inputs in the system dynamics can be handled even for arbitrary large dead‐zone parameters.
Economics of recombinant antibody production processes at various scales: Industry‐standard compared to continuous precipitation
Authors: Hammerschmidt Nikolaus , Tscheliessnig Anne , Sommer Ralf , Helk Bernhard , Jungbauer Alois 
Published: April 2014

AbstractStandard industry processes for recombinant antibody production employ protein A affinity chromatography in combination with other chromatography steps and ultra‐/diafiltration. This study compares a generic antibody production process with a recently developed purification process based on a series of selective precipitation steps. The new process makes two of the usual three chromatographic steps obsolete and can be performed in a continuous fashion. Cost of Goods (CoGs) analyses were done for: (i) a generic chromatography‐based antibody standard purification; (ii) the continuous precipitation‐based purification process coupled to a continuous perfusion production system; and (iii) a hybrid process, coupling the continuous purification process to an upstream batch process. The results of this economic analysis show that the precipitation‐based process offers cost reductions at all stages of the life cycle of a therapeutic antibody, (i.e. clinical phase I, II and III, as well as full commercial production). The savings in clinical phase production are largely attributed to the fact that expensive chromatographic resins are omitted. These economic analyses will help to determine the strategies that are best suited for small‐scale production in parallel fashion, which is of importance for antibody production in non‐privileged countries and for personalized medicine.See accompanying commentary by Ajoy Velayudhan DOI: 10.1002/biot.201300098