bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thickened photoreceptor outer segment layer in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia
Authors: Zhang Wenli , Yang Fan , Chen Shirong , Shi Tingkun 
Published: July 2024

Purpose.
To quantitatively investigate the reflectivity and structure of the outer retinal layers in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia by using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT).

Methods:
Seventy-eight patients with amblyopia and 64 age-matched children with normal vision were included in this study. All participants underwent SS-OCT and detailed ophthalmic examinations. Longitudinal reflectance profile measurements were measured using Image J. The reflectivity of outer retinal layers was measured at the three selected positions: subfovea, 1 mm nasal to the fovea, and 1 mm temporal to the fovea. The reflectivity ratios were calculated by outer retinal layers divided by the nuclear layer (ONL) for normalization. Photoreceptor outer segment layer thickness was also measured. The results were compared between the amblyopia and normal controls. The possible effects of age, sex, and axial length on results were adjusted by generalized estimating equations.

Results:
Photoreceptor outer segment layer thickness was significantly greater in amblyopic eyes than in normal control eyes at all three regions (18.41 ± 1.83 vs. 16.84 ± 1.39, P < 0.001 at the fovea; 14.78 ± 1.34 vs. 14.19 ± 1.40, P = 0.030 at 1 mm nasal to the foveal; 14.92 ± 1.48 vs. 14.41 ± 1.32, P = 0.049 at 1 mm temporal to the fovea). The reflectivity ratio of outer segment/ONL was higher only at 1 mm nasal to the fovea (2.94 ± 0.61 vs. 2.70 ± 0.42, P = 0.02). Subfoveal OS thickness was positively correlated with choroidal thickness (r = 0.248, P = 0.018) but was not correlated with spherical equivalent, age, axial length, or logMAR visual acuity.

Conclusion:
Quantitative measurement of SS-OCT images revealed greater photoreceptor outer segments in both eyes of children with amblyopia than in normal control eyes. A thicker OS thickness is somehow related to amblyopia, and this may be a new useful diagnostic parameter for amblyopia.
Effect of graded partial inferior rectus muscle tenotomy in treatment for superior oblique paralysis
Authors: Huang Lijuan , Yan Honggai , Xie Yan , Li Ningdong 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the surgical outcomes for patients with superior oblique paralysis (SOP) who underwent the inferior oblique weakening and the graded partial inferior rectus muscle tenotomy in the contralateral eye.

Methods:
Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for those SOP patients who had hyperdeviation of 4△ –20△ in the primary position and 8△ –25△ in the downgaze position. Patients were subdivided into three subgroups according to their vertical deviation angle in the downgaze position. They underwent an ipsilateral inferior oblique muscle recession and a graded partial tenotomy of the contralateral inferior rectus muscle. The vertical deviation angles, abnormal head position, and fundus torsion were compared statistically before and after operations. All patients were followed up at least 1 year.

Results:
Forty-seven patients were included in this study. The mean follow-up period was 17.2 months after surgery (ranging from 12 to 28 months). The vertical deviation angle was averaged preoperatively to 7.74△ ± 3.23△ in the primary position and 15.30△ ± 5.92△ in the downgaze position and reduced postoperatively to 0.85△ ± 1.15△ in the primary position and 1.53△± 1.49△ in the downgaze position (P < 0.001). All patients had an abnormal head position preoperatively and had improved significantly postoperatively. Fundus extorsion had been improved significantly postoperatively.

Conclusion:
The surgical procedure of IO weakening combined with contralateral graded partial inferior rectus muscle tenotomy is a successful intervention for the correction of small deviation in primary position of SOP.
Symmetric Idiopathic MicroPapular Facial Eruption or SIMPLE – Description of a New Entity Featuring Facial Vellus Hair Lichen Planopilaris in the Absence of Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia
Authors: Madan Vishal 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Patients with frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) can present with facial micropapules which histologically represent vellus hair lichen planopilaris (LPP). Noninflammatory vellus hair LPP in the absence of FFA is rarely reported. The report describes noninflammatory vellus hair LPP presenting as symmetrical facial micropapules in the absence of clinical signs of FFA.
Comparison among Intense Pulsed Light, Alexandrite, and Long-Pulsed Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet 1064 Nm Lasers for Lower Leg Hair Removal: Case Series
Authors: Sari Indri Widya , Kurniawati Yuli , Diba Sarah 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Lower leg hair removal is the method of reducing unwanted lower leg hair. Various technologies for lower leg hair removal include Intense Pulsed Light (IPL), alexandrite laser, and neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. Conventional techniques are abandoned because effectiveness of the latest technological therapies has a longer period with minimal side effects. The comparison of successful treatment among IPL, alexandrite laser, and Nd:YAG laser for lower leg hair removal. Two patients, male and female, 28 years old, Fitzpatrick IV skin type. Three areas in the lower legs are marked for IPL 695 nm, fluence 15 J/cm2, pulse duration 60 ms; alexandrite 755 nm, fluence 3 J/cm2, pulse duration 2 ms, long-pulsed Nd:YAG 1064 nm, fluence 32 J/cm2, pulse duration 60 ms. IPL for 3 sessions at 2-week intervals. The alexandrite and Nd:YAG lasers for 3 sessions at 4-week intervals. Successful parameters with hair reduction and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) can be seen from photography and dermoscopy before and after therapy. In the first case, the most effective reduction terminal hair after IPL (95,1%), alexandrite (91,02%) and Nd:YAG (79,69%), respectively. In the second case, the most effective reduction of terminal hair after alexandrite (91,02%), Nd:YAG (79,69%), and IPL (20%), respectively. Hyperpigmentation and the highest VAS score (6–7) are found in the area treated with alexandrite lasers of two patients. Two patients have decreased Dermatology Life Quality Index scores. Nd:YAG laser may be better suitable for both sexes with minimal side effects. The limitation of this study is the smaller subject group and limited session.
Targetoid Hair Regrowth Pattern in Alopecia Areata: A Case Series
Authors: Ramesh Heera , Somashekhar Sachin , Shilpa Kanathur 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disorder leading to nonscarring hair loss of the scalp and/or body. Atypical hair regrowth in AA is considered a rare phenomenon. Many paradoxical forms of hair regrowth have been described in AA. Targetoid hair regrowth pattern in AA was first described in 1988. Here, we report three cases wherein this pattern of hair regrowth was seen.
Tofacitinib in the Management of Alopecia Universalis
Authors: Agarwal Prashant 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Alopecia universalis (AU) is a rare form of hair loss characterized by the complete absence of hair on the scalp and body. It is an advanced form of alopecia areata. There is currently no definitive treatment for this condition, and management options are limited. This case report describes the successful treatment of a 37-year-old female patient with AU using oral tofacitinib 5 mg BID, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor. The patient experienced clinically significant hair regrowth on the scalp and eyebrows after 6 months of treatment with tofacitinib, along with the concurrent use of oral mini-pulse betamethasone, topical minoxidil 5%, and clobetasol lotion. This case highlights the potential efficacy of tofacitinib as a promising therapeutic option for AU, without notable safety concerns. Moreover, it is also well tolerated in this patient.
Functional and Radiological Outcomes Following Arthroscopic-Assisted Reduction and Fixation of Intra-Articular Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Eldadamouny Mahmoud Elsaid , Toreih Ahmed Aly , Mostafa Mohamed Saleh , Eltaher Mohamed Ezzat M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Intra-articular distal radius fractures (DRFs) are prevalent injuries that are usually difficult to treat and rehabilitate. These injuries may be associated with ligamentous injuries or intra-articular loose fragments. This study aims to assess the functional and radiological results of using arthroscopic-assisted reduction and fixation, which offers direct visualization of the joint surface, evaluation of intra-articular ligaments, and removal of loose fragments, potentially enhancing recovery outcomes.

Patients and Methods:
This quasi-experimental interventional study evaluated the functional and radiological outcomes of arthroscopic-assisted reduction and fixation for intra-articular DRFs. The study included 26 patients who met specific inclusion criteria, and data collection involved preoperative assessment, patient preparation, operative measures, postoperative care, and follow-up evaluations using various scoring systems.

Results:
The range of motion showed a significant (P < 0.001) improvement over the study duration: flexion increased from 42.81° ± 11.81° at 6 weeks to 54.23° ± 14.95° at 12 months, and extension improved from 56.88° ± 13.28° to 68.38° ± 13.43°. In addition, there was a significant reduction in disability and wrist-related symptoms, as indicated by improvements in the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores (6 weeks: 25.80 ± 15.85 vs. 12 months: 5.27 ± 8.61; P < 0.01) and Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) scores at the same follow-up intervals (6 weeks: 46.04 ± 22.49 vs. 12 months: 9.54 ± 12.03; P < 0.001). Chronic illness and injuries like triangular fibrocartilage complex tears affected outcomes negatively. Age, ulnar variance, and palmar tilt were significantly correlated with DASH and PRWE scores.

Conclusion:
Arthroscopic-assisted reduction and fixation for intra-articular DRFs resulted in favorable outcomes regarding the range of motion, disability, and wrist-related symptoms. Further research and long-term follow-up studies are recommended to validate the positive outcomes of arthroscopic-assisted reduction and fixation for intra-articular DRFs, compare it with other surgical approaches, and assess its economic implications.
Tensor Methods in Biomedical Image Analysis
Authors: Sedighin Farnaz 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the past decade, tensors have become increasingly attractive in different aspects of signal and image processing areas. The main reason is the inefficiency of matrices in representing and analyzing multimodal and multidimensional datasets. Matrices cannot preserve the multidimensional correlation of elements in higher-order datasets and this highly reduces the effectiveness of matrix-based approaches in analyzing multidimensional datasets. Besides this, tensor-based approaches have demonstrated promising performances. These together, encouraged researchers to move from matrices to tensors. Among different signal and image processing applications, analyzing biomedical signals and images is of particular importance. This is due to the need for extracting accurate information from biomedical datasets which directly affects patient’s health. In addition, in many cases, several datasets have been recorded simultaneously from a patient. A common example is recording electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of a patient with schizophrenia. In such a situation, tensors seem to be among the most effective methods for the simultaneous exploitation of two (or more) datasets. Therefore, several tensor-based methods have been developed for analyzing biomedical datasets. Considering this reality, in this paper, we aim to have a comprehensive review on tensor-based methods in biomedical image analysis. The presented study and classification between different methods and applications can show the importance of tensors in biomedical image enhancement and open new ways for future studies.
Prenatal Phenotyping of Fetal Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: Applying the Prader Scale to a Fetus
Authors: Simeonova-Brachot Iglika Ivancheva , Dumas Victor , Letrad Pascaline , Potop Diana , Auger-Hunault Marie , Vequeau-Goua Valérie , Binet Aurélien 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Here, we present a 30-week-old female fetus with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Target fetal ultrasound rated the degree of virilization according to the Prader scale. This report illustrates the subtle fetal genitalia assessment of a fetus with variations of sex development, such as vaginal atresia and abnormal curse of the urethra in the case of urogenital sinus. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the prenatal range of virilization of external and internal genitalia.
Preoperative cytopathological investigatory aids in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions
Authors: Vidyalakshmi S , Shanmugasamy K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Salivary gland lesions are a group of heterogeneous lesions inclusive of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. History, clinical examination and preoperative investigations attempt to minimise the challenges faced in diagnosing these diverse lesions. Preoperative investigations include imaging and cytopathology. The advent of onsite evaluation methods to ensure sample adequacy and newer reporting systems that assign risk of malignancy has improved the sensitivity and specificity of cytopathology. The scope of this review is limited to the preoperative cytopathological investigations and the diagnostic challenges met in reporting salivary gland tumours.
Rare case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis masquerading as an intraoral sinus in association with a nonhealing extraction socket in a teenage girl—”A case report with Review of literature”
Authors: Debata Tribikram , Mohapatra Anuroopa , Sahu Sujit Ranjan , Das Upasana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease with significant mortality and most commonly affects the pulmonary system and rarely the oral cavity. Because oral tuberculosis is a rare disease, it is often overlooked in the differential diagnosis of oral lesions. Despite the recent decline in the incidence of tuberculosis, it remains a highly contagious and serious public health problem, thus requiring early diagnosis and rapid intervention. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is defined as any bacteriologically confirmed or clinically diagnosed case of tuberculosis (TB). A 17-year-old girl reported at the outpatient Department of Dentistry with the chief complaint of a swelling at the backside of mouth along with pus discharge. She noticed these symptoms approximately one month after the extraction of the left mandibular first molar. The patient was referred to the Department of Pulmonary Medicine for further investigation and treatment. Subsequently, diagnosis of EPOTB was reached on the basis of the histopathological findings and the previous personal as well as family history. Drastic improvement was observed in the general condition and a complete resolution of the oral lesion after four weeks of ATT and the patient was completely free of all the symptoms after six months of follow-up period. This case demonstrated the importance of oral manifestation of oral tuberculosis for dentist who may be the first healthcare provider to encounter a variety of oral lesions.
Evaluation of in vitro anti-cancer potential and apoptotic profile of ethanolic plant extract of Wrightia tinctoria against oral cancer cell line
Authors: Thiagarajan Magesh Karuppur , Chandrasekharan Deepak , Mahalingam Ramya , Ravi Aravindhan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
For decades, Wrightia tinctoria (W. tinctoria) has been important in the field of traditional medicine. The identification and isolation of numerous chemically potent and pharmaceutically advantageous phytochemicals isolated from this plant extract has contributed to its resurrection into evidence-based modern medicine. This plant is inexpensive and indigenous to the Indian subcontinent.

Materials and Method:
An in vitro study was carried out using KB (KERATIN-forming tumour cell line HeLa) oral cancer cell line. The control drug doxorubicin along with the test drug W. tinctoria was tested for anti-cancer potential by using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and for apoptotic activity by using DNA fragmentation assay and western blotting assay.

Results:
The study was conducted using MTT assay to determine the cytotoxicity of plant extract against oral cancer cell line by determining the IC50 values at the end of 24 hours by the MTT calorimetric assay. The IC50 value of 48.89 and 9.62 was arrived for the W. tinctoria extract and doxorubicin, respectively, by using MTT calorimetric assay. DNA fragmentation assay showed a ladder pattern when treated with 59 μg/mL extract of W. tinctoria, and western blot analysis revealed the presence of cleaved caspase 3, confirming the apoptotic potential of the extract.

Conclusion:
The current study demonstrated that the plant extract has effective anti-cancer and apoptotic potential and can be used as a natural source for the production of new anti-cancer and cytotoxic agents against oral cancer.
Dental pulp stones and their correlation with metabolic diseases
Authors: Khan Mohammad Imran , Khare Abhisheik , Arif Khushboo , Khan Sameera Shamim , Nasir Abdullah , Lari Shafik 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Dental pulp calcifications or pulp stones are calcified structures found in dental pulp, mostly around or enclosing a blood vessel. The formation of these calcifications begins with concentric layers of calcified tissue within which remnants of necrotic and calcified cells may be present. The calcifications of thrombi in blood vessels, called phleboliths, may also serve as nidi for denticles. In metabolic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension or poor periodontal health, there are obvious changes in blood vessels and vascularization. In our study, we observed histopathological sections of dental pulp and correlated systemic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension with poor periodontal health and dental pulp stones.

Aim:
The aim of our study was to evaluate the histopathology of dental pulp stones, their distribution among various age groups and sexes and to identify any correlations between pulp stone formation and systemic diseases such as type II diabetes and hypertension.

Materials and Methods:
Samples from 100 patients with metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes and hypertension were collected. The pulp was extirpated from the teeth that were undergoing root canal treatment, and the teeth were extracted. The collected pulp sample was fixed in 10% formaline neutral buffer, subjected to routine histopathological procedures and stained with haematoxylin and eosin. The pulp of teeth extracted for orthodontic treatment was considered a control for patients with no metabolic disease.

Results:
There was a definite relationship between increased pulp stones and metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes and hypertension; likewise, poor periodontal health was significantly related to pulp stones.
Juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma associated with central giant cell granuloma and aneurysmal bone cyst like changes – A triple hybrid tumour? Or a pathologic sequelae?
Authors: Krishna Revathi , Kumar Priya , Mohanty Sujata , Urs Aadithya B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Hybrid tumours encompass lesions containing two or more pathologic entities. The pathogenesis of these lesions is barely understood and described. Juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma (JTOF) is a benign but locally aggressive fibro-osseous neoplasm commonly affecting the maxilla of the adolescent age group. Hybrid lesions of JTOF have been reported along with central giant cell granuloma (CGCG), aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) and traumatic bone cyst, respectively. However, the co-occurrence of JTOF with CGCG and ABC in a single patient has not yet been reported in the literature, hence, making ours the first case report of this kind. Theories describing the pathogenesis of this rare phenomenon have also been proposed and elaborated.
The use of cap-mounted clips as a primary hemostatic modality in nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
Authors: Alali Ali A. , Almadi Majid A. , Martel Myriam , Barkun Alan N. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cap-mounted-clips, especially Over-The-Scope-Clip (OTSC™), are recommended for recurrent nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB). There has been recent interest in their use as an initial hemostatic modality. We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing cap-mounted clips’ efficacy as a primary hemostatic modality in NVUGIB.

Methods:
A literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science databases up to April 2024 identified RCTs comparing cap-mounted clips to standard endoscopic therapy (SET) as a primary hemostatic modality in NVUGIB. The primary endpoint was the composite outcome of further bleeding (persistent or recurrent) at 30 days. Secondary outcomes included persistent bleeding at index endoscopy and 30-day rebleeding, individually. Other pertinent outcomes were also recorded. A meta-analysis was performed to determine pooled risk ratios (RRs), comparing cap-mounted clip to SET. Out of 516 citations, five RCTs (n = 555), all assessing OTSC™, were included.

Results:
The composite outcome of further bleeding was lower with cap-mounted clip versus SET (RR = 0.33 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 0.20–0.54]). There was no difference in persistent bleeding at initial endoscopy (RR = 0.30 [95% CI: 0.07–1.30]), but 30-day rebleeding was lower with cap-mounted clip (RR = 0.38 [95% CI: 0.21–0.70]). There were no differences in other outcomes. Grading of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate, mainly due to risk of bias and imprecision.

Conclusions:
Cap-mounted clips may be an efficacious primary hemostatic modality, associated with a lower further bleeding at 30 days compared to SET in NVUGIB. However, due to limitations in existing evidence, further research must better characterize an optimal subgroup of patients benefiting most from this approach before adopting its routine use.
Kombo knife combined with sorafenib in liver cancer treatment: Efficacy and safety under immune function influence
Authors: Cao Yang , Li Pei-Pei , Qiao Bing-Li , Li Quan-Wang 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
In the quest to manage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the focus has shifted to a more holistic approach encompassing both data analytics and innovative treatments. Analyzing rich data resources, such as the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), and examining progressive therapies can potentially reshape the trajectory of HCC treatment.
AIM
To elucidate the immunological genes and the underlying mechanism of the combined Kombo knife and sorafenib regimen for HCC by analyzing data from TCGA and machine learning data.
METHODS
Immune attributes were evaluated via TCGA's postablation HCC RNA sequencing data. Using weighted gene coexpression network analysis and machine learning, we identified genes with high prognostic value. The therapeutic landscape and safety metrics of the integrated treatment were critically evaluated across cellular and animal models.
RESULTS
Immune genes–specifically, peptidylprolyl isomerase A and solute carrier family 29 member 3–emerged as significant prognostic markers. Enhanced therapeutic outcomes, such as prolonged progression-free survival and an elevated overall response rate, characterize the combined approach, with peripheral blood mononuclear cells displaying potent effects on HCC dynamics.
CONCLUSION
The combination of Kombo knife with sorafenib is an innovative HCC treatment modality anchored in immune-centric strategies.