bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of a Nanoparticulate Birnessite‐Like Phase in Purported Molecular Water Oxidation Catalyst Systems
Authors: Hocking Rosalie K. , Malaeb Rafah , Gates Will P. , Patti Antonio F. , Chang Shery L. Y. , Devlin Glyn , MacFarlane Douglas R. , Spiccia Leone 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe fate of [MnIII/IV2(μ‐O)2(terpy)2(H2O)2]3+ (1) under conditions typically applied to test its ability to catalyze water oxidation was studied by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and UV/Vis spectrophotometry by using [MnIII/IV2(μ‐O)2(bipy)4]3+ (2) and Mn2+ as controls (terpy=2,2′:6′,2“‐terpyridine, bipy=2,2′‐bipyridine). The sample matrix, pH and choice of oxidizing agent were found to have a significant effect on the species formed under catalytic conditions. At low range pH values (4–6), homogeneous catalysis testing in oxone implied that 1 remains intact, whereas in clay intercalate there is strong evidence that 1 breaks down to a birnessite‐like phase. In homogeneous solutions at higher pH, the results are consistent with the same birnessite‐like structure identified in the clay intercalate. The use of the molecular complexes, as a source of manganese instead of simple MnII salts, was found to have the effect of slowing down oxide formation and particle aggregation in solution. The original analytical results that implied the systems are molecular are discussed in the context of these new observations.
Highly Chemo‐, Enantio‐, and Regioselective Synthesis of α,α‐Disubstituted Furanones by Cu‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition
Authors: Endo Kohei , Yakeishi Sayuri , Takayama Ryotaro , Shibata Takanori 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA highly chemo‐, enantio‐, and regioselective synthesis of furanones bearing an α,α‐disubstituted quaternary stereogenic center is reported. The Cu‐catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of organoaluminum reagents to unsaturated ketoesters at room temperature and subsequent lactonization took place. Synthetic transformations of furanones represent facile approaches to various cyclic or acyclic compounds bearing a quaternary stereogenic center.
Oriented Circular Dichroism Analysis of Chiral Surface‐Anchored Metal–Organic Frameworks Grown by Liquid‐Phase Epitaxy and upon Loading with Chiral Guest Compounds
Authors: Gu Zhi‐Gang , Bürck Jochen , Bihlmeier Angela , Liu Jinxuan , Shekhah Osama , Weidler Peter G. , Azucena Carlos , Wang Zhengbang , Heissler Stefan , Gliemann Hartmut , Klopper Wim , Ulrich Anne S. , Wöll Christof 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOriented circular dichroism (OCD) is explored and successfully applied to investigate chiral surface‐anchored metal–organic frameworks (SURMOFs) based on camphoric acid (D‐ and Lcam) with the composition [Cu2(Dcam)2x(Lcam)2−2x(dabco)]n (dabco=1,4‐diazabicyclo‐[2.2.2]‐octane). The three‐dimensional chiral SURMOFs with high‐quality orientation were grown on quartz glass plates by using a layer‐by‐layer liquid‐phase epitaxy method. The growth orientation, as determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), could be switched between the [001] and [110] direction by using either OH‐ or COOH‐terminated substrates. These SURMOFs were characterized by using OCD, which confirmed the ratio as well as the orientation of the enantiomeric linker molecules. Theoretical computations demonstrate that the OCD band intensities of the enantiopure [Cu2(Dcam)2(dabco)]n grown in different orientations are a direct result of the anisotropic nature of the chiral SURMOFs. Finally, the enantiopure [Cu2(Dcam)2(dabco)]n and [Cu2(Lcam)2(dabco)]n SURMOFs were loaded with the two chiral forms of ethyl lactate [(+)‐ethyl‐D‐lactate and (−)‐ethyl‐L‐lactate)]. An enantioselective enrichment of >60 % was observed by OCD when the chiral host scaffold was loaded from the racemic mixture.
Design, Synthesis and Bioactivities Evaluation of Novel Quinazoline Analogs Containing Oxazole Units
Authors: Hou Xuehui , Zhang Jingyu , Zhao Xuan , Chang Liming , Hu Ping , Liu Hongmin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA novel type of quinazoline derivatives, which were designed by the combination of quinazoline as the backbone and oxazole scaffold as the substituent, have been synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated for anti‐proliferative activities and EGFR inhibitory potency. Compound 12b demonstrated the most potent inhibitory activity (IC50=0.95 µmol/L for EGFR), which could be optimized as a potential EGFR inhibitor in the further study. The structures of the synthesized quinazoline analogs and all intermediates were comfirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, 2D NMR spectra, IR spectra and MS spectra.
Endogenous inhibition of hippocampal LTD and depotentiation by vasoactive intestinal peptide VPAC1 receptors
Authors: Cunha‐Reis Diana , Aidil‐Carvalho Maria de Fatima , Ribeiro Joaquim A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTVasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), an important modulator of hippocampal synaptic transmission, influences exploration and hippocampal‐dependent learning in rodents. Homosynaptic long‐term depression (LTD) and depotentiation are two plasticity phenomena implicated in learning of behavior flexibility and spatial novelty detection. In this study, we investigated the influence of endogenous VIP on LTD and depotentiation induced by low‐frequency stimulation (1 Hz, 900 pulses) of the hippocampal CA1 area in vitro in juvenile and young adult rats, respectively. LTD and depotentiation were enhanced by the VIP receptor antagonist Ac‐Tyr1, D‐Phe2 GRF (1–29), and the selective VPAC1 receptor antagonist, PG 97–269, but not the selective VPAC2 receptor antagonist, PG 99–465. This action was mimicked by an anti‐VIP antibody, suggesting that VIP, and not pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP), is the endogenous mediator of these effects. Selective inhibition of PAC1 receptors with PACAP (6–38) enhanced depotentiation, but not LTD. VPAC1 receptor blockade also revealed LTD in young adult rats, an effect abolished by the GABAA antagonist bicuculline, evidencing an involvement of GABAergic transmission. We conclude that inhibition of LTD and depotentiation by endogenous VIP occurs through VPAC1 receptor‐mediated mechanisms and suggest that disinhibition of pyramidal cell dendrites is the most likely physiological mechanism underlying this effect. As such, VPAC1 receptor ligands may be considered promising pharmacological targets for treatment of cognitive dysfunction in diseases involving altered GABAergic circuits and pathological saturation of LTP/LTD like Down's syndrome and temporal lobe epilepsy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insights into In Vitro Binding of Parecoxib to Human Serum Albumin by Spectroscopic Methods
Authors: Shang Shujun , Liu Qingling , Gao Jiandong , Zhu Yulin , Liu Jingying , Wang Kaiyan , Shao Wei , Zhang Shudong 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTHerein, we report the effect of parecoxib on the structure and function of human serum albumin (HSA) by using fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), three‐dimensional (3D) fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular docking techniques. The Stern–Volmer quenching constants KSV and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS have been estimated by the fluorescence quenching method. The results indicated that parecoxib binds spontaneously with HSA through van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds with binding constant of 3.45 × 104 M−1 at 298 K. It can be seen from far‐UV CD spectra that the α‐helical network of HSA is disrupted and its content decreases from 60.5% to 49.6% at drug:protein = 10:1. Protein tertiary structural alterations induced by parecoxib were also confirmed by FTIR and 3D fluorescence spectroscopy. The molecular docking study indicated that parecoxib is embedded into the hydrophobic pocket of HSA.
Pilot‐scale electrochemical oxidation combined with constructed wetland system for unconventional surface water treatment
Authors: Wang Chunrong , Zhang Mengru , Ye Min , Wang Jie , Li Guiwei 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDWenyu River is a typical unconventional surface water due to receiving effluent from wastewater treatment plants. Its water is of poor biodegradability and low carbon–nitrogen ratio, thus it is difficult to meet III Grade of Surface Water Quality Standard of China using conventional biological treatment technology for its remediation. In addition, total nitrogen is strictly required to be less than 15 mg L−1.RESULTSA novel pilot‐scale hybrid system, electrochemical oxidation and constructed wetland, has been developed for nitrogen and carbon removal from Wenyu River, focusing on NH4+‐N, TN, COD and BOD5 removal operation over 162 days with average effluent value of 0.44, 10.37, 18.3 and 4.0 mg L−1, respectively. Average value of BOD5/TN and BOD5/COD was enhanced from 0.65 to 0.97 and from 0.36 to 0.52, respectively, by electrochemical oxidation, NH4+‐N removal mainly contributed to indirect oxidation of chlorine ion in the unit. Meanwhile, based on data at a voltage of 6 V, the operating cost of this hybrid system was estimated to be 0.89 RMB m−3 with an energy consumption of 38.4 kWh kg−1COD in the pretreatment unit.CONCLUSIONIt is feasible to apply the hybrid system for unconventional surface water treatment and to achieve acceptable effluent quality and steady process performance. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Teaching Creativity in Engineering Courses
Authors: Daly Shanna R. , Mosyjowski Erika A. , Seifert Colleen M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe ability to engage in a creative process to solve a problem or to design a novel artifact is essential to engineering as a profession. Research indicates a need for curricula that enhance students' creative skills in engineering.PurposeOur purpose was to document current practices in engineering pedagogy with regard to opportunities for students' creative growth by examining learning goals, instructional methods, and assessments focused on cognitive creative skills.Design/MethodWe conducted a critical case study of engineering pedagogy at a single university with seven engineering courses where instructors stated the goal of fostering creativity. Data included instructor and student interviews, student surveys, and course materials. For qualitative analysis, we used frameworks by Treffinger, Young, Selby, and Shepardson and by Wiggins and McTighe.ResultsOne aspect of creativity, convergent thinking (including analysis and evaluation), was well represented in the engineering courses in our case study. However, instruction on generating ideas and openness to exploring ideas was less often evident. For many of the creative skills, especially those related to divergent thinking and idea exploration, assessments were lacking.ConclusionsAn analysis of pedagogy focused on goals, instruction, and assessments in the engineering curriculum revealed opportunities for growth in students' creative skill development. Designing assessments that motivate students to improve their creative skills and to become more aware of their own creative process is a key need in engineering pedagogy.
Validation of the Teaching Engineering Self‐Efficacy Scale for K‐12 Teachers: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Yoon Yoon So , Evans Miles G. , Strobel Johannes 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundTeacher self‐efficacy has received attention because of its direct relationship with teachers' classroom behaviors. Since engineering has been increasingly introduced in K‐12 (precollege) education, development of an instrument to measure teachers' self‐efficacy in the context of teaching engineering has been needed.Purpose (Hypothesis)This study reports the development and validation of the Teaching Engineering Self‐Efficacy Scale (TESS) for K‐12 teachers.Design/MethodThe items for the TESS were constructed through a comprehensive review of the literature regarding K‐12 engineering education, the development of teachers' self‐efficacy instruments in STEM areas, and K‐12 teachers' reflections on integrating engineering into their classrooms. During the content and face validity process, we used structural equation modeling to identify and confirm the factor structure of the TESS, and used item‐analyses for reliability evidence.ResultsWith data from 434 teachers in 19 states, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses using structural equation modeling resulted in the TESS consisting of 23 items loading across four factors: engineering pedagogical content knowledge, engineering engagement, engineering disciplinary self‐efficacy, and outcome expectancy. Cronbach's α ranged from 0.89 to 0.96 and exhibited high internal consistency reliability coefficients for the TESS.ConclusionsTeacher self‐efficacy is a situation‐specific construct because teachers' efficacy beliefs depend on the content area and teaching environment. Use of the TESS, as an instrument tailored for the engineering teaching context, can contribute to the literature on K‐12 engineering education and improve the teaching of precollege engineering.
An Empirical Analysis of Synthesizing the Effects of Festival Quality, Emotion, Festival Image and Festival Satisfaction on Festival Loyalty: A Case Study of Macau Food Festival
Authors: Wong Jose , Wu Hung‐Che , Cheng Ching‐Chan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study aims to examine the interrelationships among the festival quality dimensions, festival quality, emotion, festival image, festival satisfaction and festival loyalty. Analysis of data from 454 attendees in the 12th Macau Food Festival indicates that the proposed model fits the data. The result of this study will assist festival management in developing and implementing market‐orientated service strategies to increase quality and image, and enhance the emotion and satisfaction of attendees in order to attain their loyalty toward food festivals. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cost‐effectiveness of the endoscopic versus microscopic approach for pituitary adenoma resection
Authors: Rudmik Luke , Starreveld Yves P. , Vandergrift William A. , Banglawala Sarfaraz M. , Soler Zachary M. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of an endoscopic versus microscopic approach to pituitary adenoma resection.Study DesignMarkov decision tree economic evaluation.MethodsAn economic evaluation using a Markov decision tree model was performed. The economic perspective was that of the healthcare third‐party payer. Effectiveness and probability data were obtained from a single meta‐analysis of 38 studies. Costs were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project database and wholesale pharmaceutical pricing. Multiple sensitivity analyses were performed including a probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Comparative treatment groups were: 1) endoscopic approach and 2) microscopic approach to pituitary adenoma resection. The primary outcome was cost per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY). The time horizon was 25 years, and costs were discounted at a rate of 3.5%.ResultsThe endoscopic approach cost a total of $17,244.63 and produced a total of 24.30 QALYs. The microscopic approach cost a total of $23,756.60 and produced a total of 24.20 QALYs. In the reference case, the endoscopic approach was a dominant intervention (both less costly and more effective); therefore, an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio was not calculated. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated 79% certainty that the endoscopic approach is the cost‐effective decision, at a willingness to pay threshold of $50,000 per QALY.ConclusionsThis economic evaluation suggests that the endoscopic approach is the more cost‐effective intervention compared to the microscopic approach for patients requiring a pituitary adenoma resection.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 125:16–24, 2015
Incremental and comparative health care expenditures for head and neck cancer in the United States
Authors: Dwojak Sunshine M. , Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisDetermine the incremental costs associated with head and neck cancer (HNCa) and compare the costs with other common cancers.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of a healthcare expenditure database.MethodsThe Medical Expenditure Panel Survey is a national survey of US households. All cases of HNCa were extracted for 2006, 2008, and 2010. The incremental expenditures associated with HNCa were determined by comparing the healthcare expenditures of individuals with HNCa to the population without cancer, controlling for age, sex, education, insurance status, marital status, geographic region, and comorbidities. Healthcare expenditures for HNCa were then compared to individuals with lung cancer and colon cancer to determine relative healthcare expenditures.ResultsAn estimated 264,713 patients (annualized) with HNCa were identified. The mean annual healthcare expenditures per individual for HNCa were $23,408 ± $3,397 versus $3,860 ± $52 for those without cancer. The mean adjusted incremental cost associated with HNCa was $15,852 ± $3,297 per individual (P < .001). Within this incremental cost, there was an increased incremental outpatient services cost of $3,495 ± $1,044 (P = .001) and an increased incremental hospital inpatient cost of $6,783 ± $2,894 (P = .020) associated with HNCa. The annual healthcare expenditures per individual fell in between those for lung cancer ($25,267 ± $2,375, P = .607) and colon cancer ($16,975 ± $1,291, P = .055).ConclusionsDespite its lower relative incidence, HNCa is associated with a significant incremental increase in annual healthcare expenditures per individual, which is comparable to or higher than other common cancers. In aggregate, the estimated annual costs associated with HNCa are $4.20 billion.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope 124:2305–2308, 2014
Synthesis of triblock and multiblock methacrylate polymers and self‐assembly of stimuli responsive triblock polymers
Authors: Chin Stacey M. , He Hongkun , Konkolewicz Dominik , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTMultisegmented poly(methacrylate)s were synthesized using one pot reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Initially, a series of triblock copolymers were synthesized with different ratios of trimethylsilyl methacrylate, di(ethylene oxide) methacrylate, and oligo(ethylene oxide) methacrylate, and different total polymer molecular weights. Additionally, a polymer containing seven distinct blocks of methacrylic monomers was synthesized in one pot. For the triblock copolymers, the trimethylsilyl group was subsequently hydrolyzed, and the self‐assembly of the triblock copolymer was studied in water, under different pH and thermal conditions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 2548–2555
Relationships among attention function, exercise, and body mass index: a comparison between young breast cancer survivors and acquaintance controls
Authors: Pradhan Kamnesh R. , Stump Timothy E. , Monahan Patrick , Champion Victoria 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectiveAlthough regular physical activity is associated with lower all‐cause and disease‐specific mortality among breast cancer survivors (BCS), most BCS do not meet its recommended guidelines. Attention function, a domain of cognition, is essential for daily tasks such as exercising, a form of planned physical activity. We tested the hypotheses that lower self‐reported attention function in BCS would be associated with less exercise and higher body mass index (BMI) by comparing a group of 505 young BCS (45 years or younger at diagnosis and 3–8 years post‐treatment) with 466 acquaintance controls (AC).MethodsThe groups were compared on self‐reported physical and psychological outcomes. Mplus software was used to perform confirmatory structural equation modeling with a robust maximum likelihood estimator to evaluate hypothesized relationships among variables. The criteria for good model fit were having root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) < 0.06, comparative fit index (CFI) > 0.95, and standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) < 0.08. Modification indices were used to better fit the model.ResultsThe final model demonstrated good fit, with RMSEA = 0.05, CFI = 0.98, and SRMR = 0.03. After controlling for demographics, parameter estimates revealed that, compared with AC, young BCS reported worse attention function (p < 0.001), more depressive symptoms (p < 0.001), and more fatigue (p < 0.001). Controlling for fatigue, depression, and anxiety, better attention function was associated with a greater likelihood of exercise in the past 3 months (p = 0.039), which in turn was associated with a lower BMI (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe significant association between attention function and physical activity, if confirmed in a longitudinal study, will provide new targets for interventions aimed at improving physical activity and decreasing BMI among BCS. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Statistical analysis with missing exposure data measured by proxy respondents: a misclassification problem within a missing‐data problem
Authors: Shardell Michelle , Hicks Gregory E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn studies of older adults, researchers often recruit proxy respondents, such as relatives or caregivers, when study participants cannot provide self‐reports (e.g., because of illness). Proxies are usually only sought to report on behalf of participants with missing self‐reports; thus, either a participant self‐report or proxy report, but not both, is available for each participant. Furthermore, the missing‐data mechanism for participant self‐reports is not identifiable and may be nonignorable. When exposures are binary and participant self‐reports are conceptualized as the gold standard, substituting error‐prone proxy reports for missing participant self‐reports may produce biased estimates of outcome means. Researchers can handle this data structure by treating the problem as one of misclassification within the stratum of participants with missing self‐reports. Most methods for addressing exposure misclassification require validation data, replicate data, or an assumption of nondifferential misclassification; other methods may result in an exposure misclassification model that is incompatible with the analysis model. We propose a model that makes none of the aforementioned requirements and still preserves model compatibility. Two user‐specified tuning parameters encode the exposure misclassification model. Two proposed approaches estimate outcome means standardized for (potentially) high‐dimensional covariates using multiple imputation followed by propensity score methods. The first method is parametric and uses maximum likelihood to estimate the exposure misclassification model (i.e., the imputation model) and the propensity score model (i.e., the analysis model); the second method is nonparametric and uses boosted classification and regression trees to estimate both models. We apply both methods to a study of elderly hip fracture patients. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Further investigation of transverse stresses and bursting forces in post‐tensioned anchorage zones
Authors: Zhou Lin‐Yun , Liu Zhao , He Zhi‐Qi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn the post‐tensioned anchorage zone, the load transfer path of an anchor force can be visualized by an infinite number of isostatic lines of compression (ILCs). The method was initially proposed by Guyon and recently attracted significant interest from a number of researchers. Based on the work of these predecessors, an updated mathematical model has been proposed in order to analyse the bursting forces and the distribution of transverse stresses in the anchorage zone. Compared with the results of a finite element analysis, the updated equations are more accurate than the previous ones. Based on the observation that the sixth‐order polynomial expression is better than the fourth‐order one, as far as the solution of bursting stresses is concerned, it can be reasonably postulated that a de facto function of the ILCs must exist. Additionally, it is equally interesting that the bursting forces derived with the updated analytical model are the same as those obtained with the formula in the current AASHTO‐LRFD Bridge Design Specifications based on numerical stress analyses.