bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Soybean Accessions Resistant to Macrophomina phaseolina by Field Screening and Laboratory Validation
Authors: Mengistu Alemu , Arelli Prakash , Bond Jason , Nelson Randall , Rupe John , Shannon Grover , Wrather Allen 
Published: April 2013

Charcoal rot of soybean, caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goidanich, has been a problem for soybean farmers in the United States for many years. However, recently its incidence and severity has increased in midwestern and north-central states. Most management strategies, including chemical and biological methods and other cultural options, have been ineffective in controlling this disease. Furthermore, soybean is often planted every other year or in monoculture. Although genetic resistance would be the most sustainable control strategy, resistant commercial soybean cultivars are presently unavailable. The objective of this test was to identify resistant accessions from the USDA soybean germplasm collection in Maturity Groups (MG) 00 to VII by field screening in five environments. A total of 628 accessions were evaluated using established methods for reaction to this disease in Missouri and Illinois (2008 to 2009), and in Tennessee (2009). In 2010, accessions with disease severity reactions of 1 to ≤ 2 were selected for further evaluation in Tennessee. Among the 45 accessions identified as resistant and moderately resistant (1 to ≤ 2), ten were further assessed using colony forming units recovered from ground root and stem tissues which was then converted to colony forming unit index (CFUI) and validated their resistance using this bioassay. All ten had CFUI levels ranging from 0 to 18.2, which were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than the moderately resistant accession, DT97-4290, with 31.8. Four selected accessions, PI594302 (MG VII), PI567562A (MG IV), PI506764 (MG VII), and PI567334 (MG VI), had significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) CFUI of 0, 0.8, 0.8, and 1.5, respectively. This is the first report of soybean accessions with better levels of resistance than the standard released germplasm, DT97-4290. These accessions can serve as additional sources of charcoal rot resistance in future breeding programs. Accepted for publication 20 January 2013. Published 18 March 2013.
CEO Compensation and Fair Value Accounting: Evidence from Purchase Price Allocation
Authors: SHALEV RON , ZHANG IVY XIYING , ZHANG YONG 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the impact of CEO compensation structure on post‐acquisition purchase price allocation, an accounting procedure that involves fair value estimation of various assets and liabilities. We find that CEOs whose compensation packages rely more on earnings‐based bonuses are more likely to overallocate the purchase price to goodwill, the largest asset recorded post‐acquisition. Because goodwill is not amortized, the overallocation likely increases post‐acquisition earnings and bonuses. We also find that, when the acquirer's CEO bonus plan includes performance measures that are not affected, or are less affected, by the overstatement of goodwill, such as cash flows, sales, or earnings growth, the overallocation to goodwill motivated by bonus plans diminishes.
The economic impacts of tourism in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa: Is poverty subsiding?
Authors: Muchapondwa Edwin , Stage Jesper 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTourism in southern Africa is based on the region's wildlife and nature assets and is generally environmentally sustainable, but the extent to which it contributes to other aspects of sustainable development — overall income generation or poverty eradication — is less well explored. In this paper, we use social accounting matrices to compare the economic impacts of foreign tourism in Botswana, Namibia and South Africa. Overall impacts on GDP range from 6% (South Africa) to 9% (Namibia). However, South Africa's economy is more diversified than its neighbours' and more of the goods and services used by tourists and by the tourism industry are supplied domestically. Consequently, the impact per Rand spent is considerably larger for South Africa than for Botswana or Namibia. The poorer segments of the population appear to receive shares of tourism income that are smaller than their share of overall income in all three countries.
Separation and Detection of Smokeless Powder Additives by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS),
Authors: Thomas Jennifer L. , Lincoln Danielle , McCord Bruce R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA reversed phase gradient ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) method has been developed for the analysis of smokeless powders. A total of 20 different components were separated byUPLCand detected byMS/MSin multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. These compounds included diphenylamines, centralites, nitrotoluenes, nitroglycerin, and various phthalates. Simultaneous positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI) was used along with negative atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) to detect all compounds in a single analysis. Analysis times were under 8 min with a gradient of 10–73% organic at a flow rate of 0.500 mL/min. With this method, ultraviolet andMRMlimits of detection ranging from 0.08 to 2.6 ng and 0.4–64 ng injected were achieved. Commercially available smokeless powders were also extracted with methylene chloride and characterized using the developedUPLC/MS/MSmethod. The procedure permits the determination of compositional differences between different brands as well as lot‐to‐lot variations.
Use of ultrasound for non‐trauma patients in the emergency department
Authors: Lokuge Amaali , Mitra Biswadev , Bystrzycki Adam 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveIn the past decade, there has been substantial knowledge translation in the use of ultrasound (US) by critical care physicians to aid diagnosis of the non‐trauma patient. This study aimed to determine emergency doctors' level of training in ultrasonography, pattern of US use in regular practice and barriers to US use for the non‐trauma patient presenting to an emergency department.MethodA survey on the use of US in non‐trauma patients was conducted, targeting all emergency physicians and emergency medicine trainees in a single adult tertiary referral centre.ResultsThe response rate was 92.7% with 38 completed surveys analysed. A course in non‐trauma US had been completed by 58% of respondents. The most common non‐trauma formal US training was in vascular access (82%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 66.8–90.6), detection of abdominal aortic aneurysm (79%, 95% CI 63.7–88.9) and pericardial fluid (84%, 95% CI 69.6–92.6). Upon completion of formal training, US was used significantly more frequently for obtaining vascular access (odds ratio [OR] 12.0), detection of abdominal aortic aneurysms (OR 4.3) and detection of pericardial fluid (OR 15.5). Most doctors felt the greatest barriers to the use of US in the non‐trauma patient were the lack of teaching, confidence in findings, experienced supervisors and time.ConclusionsAmong ED personnel, use of US to diagnose several non‐traumatic conditions was low, but specific training was associated with significantly more US use. Increased training and availability of US‐experienced supervisors might further improve utility of this important adjunct to the practice of emergency medicine.
Effect of climate change on the occurrence of overwintered moths of orchards in South Korea
Authors: Jung Myung‐Pyo , Kim Kwang‐Ho , Lee Sang‐Guei , Park Hong‐Hyun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAccording to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the global mean surface temperature increased by 0.74°C between 1906 and 2005, and is expected to continue rising. In Korea, the temperature increased rapidly by 1.8°C between 1912 and 2010. The effect of global warming are expected to cause phenological changes in exothermic organisms such as insect pests which are highly dependent on temperature. In present study, we estimated the emergence time of three lepidopteran pests (Carposina sasakii, Grapholita molesta, and Phyllonorycter ringoniella) in apple orchards during 2000, 2020s, 2050s, and 2090s, by means of Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 climate change scenario. In comparison with 2000, the emergence of C. sasakii is predicted to occur 5.5 ± 0.49 days earlier in 2020s, 14.9 ± 0.40 days earlier in 2050s, and 40.0 ± 0.75 days earlier in 2090s; the emergence of G. molesta is predicted to occur 8.2 ± 0.36 days earlier in 2020s, 16.9 ± 0.40 days earlier in 2050s, and 49.7 ± 0.61 days earlier in 2090s; and the emergence of P. ringoniella is predicted to occur 9.0 ± 0.34 days earlier in 2020s, 20.5 ± 0.58 days earlier in 2050s, and 52.5 ± 0.63 days earlier in 2090s. The number of generations a year is expected to increase by 0.5–2.8 generations in 2050s, 1.3–6.7 in 2090s. Our predictions provide basic data for the development of insect pest management strategies in spring under conditions of global warming.
Green Tea Formulations with Vitamin C and Xylitol on Enhanced Intestinal Transport of Green Tea Catechins
Authors: Chung Jae‐Hwan , Kim Sol , Lee Sang‐Jun , Chung Jin‐Oh , Oh Yu‐Jin , Shim Soon‐Mi 
Published: April 2013

Abstract The effect of green tea formulated with vitamin C and xylitol on intestinal cell transport of gallated and nongallated catechin was studied. The transport of catechins from both apical to basolateral and basolateral to apical directions was measured. The effect of vitamin C (4, 10, 20 ppm), xylitol (11, 27.5, 55 ppm), and combinations of both on the intestinal transport rate of catechins was examined. The efflux value (Pb→a/Pa→b) of (–)‐epigallocatechin (EGC), (–)‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), (–)‐epicatechin (EC), and (–)‐epicatechin gallate (ECG) was 0.26, 0.22, 1.22, and 0.17, respectively, indicating that EC appeared to be less absorbed compared with other catechins. The addition of xylitol (11, 27.5, 55 ppm) and vitamin C (4, 10, 20 ppm) and in combination enhanced transport rate of nongallated catechins such as EC and EGC. For EC, vitamin C was revealed to be the most effective on intestinal transport, implying the inhibition of the efflux transport mechanism of EC. Intestinal transport of gallated catechins significantly increased from catechins formulated with vitamin C and xylitol in a dose‐dependent manner compared to the catechin‐only formulation. Results provide a potential strategy to enhance the delivery and bioavailability of catechins in humans by modulating green tea formulation with vitamin C and xylitol.
Pelvic floor muscle training improves quality of life of women with urinary incontinence: a prospective study
Authors: Fan Hiu Lan , Chan Symphorosa Shing Chee , Law Tracy Sze Man , Cheung Rachel Yau Kar , Chung Tony Kwok Hung 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundWomen suffering from urinary incontinence have impaired quality of life (QoL). Pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) has been recommended to be the first‐line treatment for them.AimsThis study evaluated the role of (PFMT) in women with urinary incontinence.Materials and MethodsAll women suffering from urinary incontinence without pelvic organ prolapse who attended the urogynaecology unit of a university hospital from January 2009 to June 2010 were recruited. Urinary symptoms and impact on QoL were assessed using the Chinese validated Urogenital Distress Inventory short form (UDI‐6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire short form (IIQ‐7) before and after PFMT. Urodynamic studies (UDS) were used to differentiate the diagnoses of urinary incontinence.ResultsThree hundred and seventy‐two women, aged 52.3 ± 10.8 years and practised PFMT for 9.9 ± 7.3 months, completed the study. Over 65% recorded improvement in both UDI‐6 and IIQ‐7. Stratified for urodynamic diagnosis, stress incontinence group and those who had no UDS abnormality had significant improvement in their urinary symptoms and QoL after PFMT. UDI‐6 and IIQ‐7 also improved significantly after PFMT in groups where the clinical presentation was stress incontinence, overactive bladder symptoms or mixed urinary incontinence. Age was not associated with a significant difference in the response to PFMT.ConclusionsPelvic floor muscle training appears to be an effective first‐line intervention for improving urinary symptoms and QoL of women presenting with urinary incontinence. Future studies on long‐term effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness are also required.
A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study of adjunctive calcitonin nasal spray in acute refractory mania
Authors: Vik Astrid , Ravindran Arun , Shiah I‐Shin , Wong Hubert , Walji Nazlin , Lam Raymond W , Yatham Lakshmi N 
Published: April 2013

ObjectivesCalcitonin, a neuropeptide, has been shown in preliminary double‐blind trials to reduce agitation in patients with acute mania. Given that it has effects similar to those of lithium and anticonvulsants on modulation of second‐messenger signaling pathways and stabilization of neuronal membranes, this study examined the efficacy of calcitonin nasal spray in treating acute manic symptoms in patients with treatment‐resistant mania using a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled design.MethodsA total of 46 hospitalized patients experiencing either a manic or a mixed episode, who were refractory to treatment with adequate doses of either a mood stabilizer or an antipsychotic, or a mood stabilizer/antipsychotic combination, and had a score of ≥16 on the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), were randomized to receive adjunctive nasal calcitonin 200 IU (n = 24) or saline (n = 22) spray for three weeks. The primary efficacy measure was the change in YMRS scores using the last observation carried forward (LOCF) method.ResultsThe clinical and demographic characteristics were similar between the groups. Patients had a mean YMRS score of 26 in the placebo group and a mean score of 25 in the calcitonin group. There were no significant differences in YMRS scores or percentage responders at three weeks between patients who received calcitonin and those who received placebo. There were also no significant differences in change scores on any other scales. Few patients experienced any adverse events.ConclusionsThis study does not support the use of nasal calcitonin in the treatment of treatment‐resistant mania.
C9ORF72 expansion in a family with bipolar disorder
Authors: Meisler Miriam H , Grant Adrienne E , Jones Julie M , Lenk Guy M , He Fang , Todd Peter K , Kamali Masoud , Albin Roger L , Lieberman Andrew P , Langenecker Scott A , McInnis Melvin G 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the role in bipolar disorder of the C9ORF72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion responsible for frontotemporal lobe dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.MethodsEighty‐nine subjects from a previously described panel of individuals with bipolar disorder ascertained for genetic studies were screened to detect expansion of the C9ORF72 repeat. One two‐generation family with bipolar disorder and an expanded repeat was characterized in depth using molecular diagnostics, imaging, histopathology, and neurological and neuropsychological evaluation.ResultsOne proband, with the typical clinical presentation of bipolar disorder, carried an expanded C9ORF72 allele of heterogeneous length between 14 and 20 kilobases (kb) as assessed by Southern blot. The expanded allele was inherited from a parent with atypical, late onset clinical features of bipolar disorder, who subsequently progressed to frontotemporal lobe dementia. The expansion in peripheral blood of the parent ranged from 8.5 to 20 kb. Cultured lymphoblastoid cells from this parent exhibited a homogeneous expansion of only 8.5 kb.ConclusionsThe disease course in the two generations described here demonstrates that expansion of the C9ORF72 may be associated with a form of bipolar disorder that presents clinically with classic phenomenology and progression to neurodegenerative disease. The frequency in our bipolar disorder cohort was only 1%, indicating that C9ORF72 is not a major contributor to bipolar disorder. DNA from cultured cells may be biased towards shorter repeats and nonrepresentative of the endogenous C9ORF72 expansion.
Development of a new chewing function questionnaire for assessment of a self‐perceived chewing function
Authors: Peršić Sanja , Palac Antonija , Bunjevac Tomislav , Čelebić Asja 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a new unidimensional questionnaire for patients' self‐assessment of their chewing function (chewing function questionnaire: CFQ) and to test its psychometric properties.MethodsA focus group of 7 dentists and 15 prosthodontic patients generated a pool of 30 relevant items. A 5‐point Likert scale (0–4) was used. A focus group reduced some redundant items, and 21 items remained for pilot testing after which additional four items were eliminated. Then, the 17‐item questionnaire was tested on a larger sample (200 participants). Factor analysis was obtained to investigate the dimensionality of the questionnaire. Finally the 10 items remained, and the CFQ was unidimensional. To test the psychometric properties, the CFQ was administrated to 224 individuals: 100 patients were already removable denture wearers (RDWs), 24 patients needed a removable prosthodontic treatment, and 100 individuals had natural teeth (NT group). Discriminative validity was tested between the RDWs and the NT groups. Convergent validity and internal consistency were tested on 200 subjects. The internal consistency was assessed by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the average interitem correlation. The test–retest reliability was tested on 60 subjects. Responsiveness was tested on 24 patients who received new removable prosthodontic treatment.ResultsThe initial factor analysis revealed that the items had been grouped in three different dimensions. By eliminating items with complexities greater than one, additional six questions were eliminated. One more item with the lowest correlation was further eliminated. The final questionnaire included 10 items. Discriminative validity showed significant differences between the NT group and the RDWs, as predicted (P < 0.001). Convergent validity was confirmed by the Spearman's rank correlation. A significant positive association (P < 0.001) was found between the CFQ and one general question about chewing difficulties, as well as between the CFQ and five items from the OHIP49 related to chewing. The test–retest reliability showed high intraclass correlation and no significant differences between the two administrations of the CFQ (P > 0.05). The internal consistency showed satisfactory Cronbach's alpha values (0.916 for all subjects, 0.742 for the NT group, and 0.852 for the RDWs). Responsiveness was confirmed by a significant difference between the baseline and the follow‐up score (P < 0.001) and a high effect size (0.95).ConclusionsThe developed CFQ provides an assessment instrument of the hypothetical construct invoked to explain the chewing function. Psychometric properties are satisfactory demonstrating that the instrument is suitable for the assessment of a self‐perceived chewing function.
Robust Fitting on Poorly Sampled Data for Surface Light Field Rendering and Image Relighting
Authors: Vanhoey K. , Sauvage B. , Génevaux O. , Larue F. , Dischler J.‐M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) parametric colour functions are widely used in Image‐Based Rendering and Image Relighting. They make it possible to express the colour of a point depending on a continuous directional parameter: the viewing or the incident light direction. Producing such functions from acquired data is promising but difficult. Indeed, an intensive acquisition process resulting in dense and uniform sampling is not always possible. Conversely, a simpler acquisition process results in sparse, scattered and noisy data on which parametric functions can hardly be fitted without introducing artefacts. Within this context, we present two contributions. The first one is a robust least‐squares‐based method for fitting 2D parametric colour functions on sparse and scattered data. Our method works for any amount and distribution of acquired data, as well as for any function expressed as a linear combination of basis functions. We tested our fitting for both image‐based rendering (surface light fields) and image relighting using polynomials and spherical harmonics. The second one is a statistical analysis to measure the robustness of any fitting method. This measure assesses a trade‐off between precision of the fitting and stability with respect to input sampling conditions. This analysis along with visual results confirm that our fitting method is robust and reduces reconstruction artefacts for poorly sampled data while preserving the precision for a dense and uniform sampling.
Rotating titanium brush for plaque removal from rough titanium surfaces – an in vitro study
Authors: John Gordon , Becker Jürgen , Schwarz Frank 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was the evaluation of the effectiveness of plaque removing of a new rotating brush made of titanium in comparison with the cleaning procedure with steel curettes.Materials and methodsPlaque was collected by six volunteers for 48 h. A total of 60 samples were randomly designated to two groups: the test group TiBrush and the control group with steel curettes. The residual plaque area (RPA) and the treatment time were determined as parameters. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed for detecting possible damages of the treatment procedures.ResultsThe mean RPA within the TiBrush group (8.57 ± 4.85%) was significant lower than in the control group (28.99 ± 5.51%), while the mean treatment time was also significant lower in the TiBrush group (176.7 ± 15.2 sec) in comparison with the steel curettes (303.5 ± 11.5 sec). The outcomes of SEM analysis showed no surface alteration after TiBrush treatment.ConclusionsWithin the limits of this study, this investigation concludes that TiBrush seems to be more effective in plaque removing capacity, while being gentler to the implant surface than the processing with steel curettes. These promising results could hold out an improvement of conventional periimplantitis treatment. Further studies are needed to prove these outcomes.