bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remnant cholesterol is more positively related to diabetes, prediabetes, and insulin resistance than conventional lipid parameters and lipid ratios: A multicenter, large sample survey
Authors: Li Binqi , Liu Yang , Zhou Xin , Chen Lulu , Yan Li , Tang Xulei , Gao Zhengnan , Wan Qin , Luo Zuojie , Qin Guijun , Ning Guang , Gu Weijun , Mu Yiming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundNot many large‐sample investigations are available that compare the potency of the relationship of remnant cholesterol (RC) and other lipid parameters with diabetes and prediabetes. The goals of our study are to discover the relationship between RC and prediabetes, diabetes, and insulin resistance (IR) and to investigate RC, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), non‐HDL‐C, triglycerides (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), total cholesterol (TC), TC/HDL‐C, LDL‐C/HDL‐C, and TG/HDL‐C, which are the lipid parameters that are most positively related to diabetes, prediabetes, and IR.MethodsThis research enrolled 36 684 subjects from China's eight provinces. We employed multiple logistic regression analysis for testing the relationship between lipid parameters and diabetes, prediabetes, and IR.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounders, and comparing the results with other lipid parameters, the positive relationship between RC and diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.417, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.345–1.492), prediabetes (OR 1.555, 95% CI: 1.438–1.628), and IR (OR 1.488, 95% CI: 1.404–1.577) was highest. RC was still related to diabetes, prediabetes, and IR even when TG <2.3 mmol/L (diabetes: OR 1.256, 95% CI: 1.135–1.390; prediabetes: OR 1.503, 95% CI: 1.342–1.684; and IR: OR 1.278, 95% CI: 1.140–1.433), LDL‐C <2.6 mmol/L (diabetes: OR 1.306, 95% CI: 1.203–1.418; prediabetes: OR 1.597, 95% CI: 1.418–1.798; and IR: OR 1.552, 95% CI: 1.416–1.701), or HDL‐C ≥1 mmol/L (diabetes: OR 1.456, 95% CI: 1.366–1.550; prediabetes: OR 1.553, 95% CI: 1.421–1.697; and IR: OR 1.490, 95% CI: 1.389–1.598).ConclusionRC is more positively related to diabetes, prediabetes, and IR than conventional lipids and lipid ratios in the general population, the relationships between RC and diabetes, prediabetes, and IR are stable, even if HDL‐C, LDL‐C, or TG are at appropriate levels.image
Clinical characteristics and complication risks in data‐driven clusters among Chinese community diabetes populations
Authors: Li Binqi , Yang Zizhong , Liu Yang , Zhou Xin , Wang Weiqing , Gao Zhengnan , Yan Li , Qin Guijun , Tang Xulei , Wan Qin , Chen Lulu , Luo Zuojie , Ning Guang , Gu Weijun , Mu Yiming 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundNovel diabetes phenotypes were proposed by the Europeans through cluster analysis, but Chinese community diabetes populations might exhibit different characteristics. This study aims to explore the clinical characteristics of novel diabetes subgroups under data‐driven analysis in Chinese community diabetes populations.MethodsWe used K‐means cluster analysis in 6369 newly diagnosed diabetic patients from eight centers of the REACTION (Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals) study. The cluster analysis was performed based on age, body mass index, glycosylated hemoglobin, homeostatic modeled insulin resistance index, and homeostatic modeled pancreatic β‐cell functionality index. The clinical features were evaluated with the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi‐square test. Logistic regression analysis was done to compare chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease risks between subgroups.ResultsOverall, 2063 (32.39%), 658 (10.33%), 1769 (27.78%), and 1879 (29.50%) populations were assigned to severe obesity‐related and insulin‐resistant diabetes (SOIRD), severe insulin‐deficient diabetes (SIDD), mild age‐associated diabetes mellitus (MARD), and mild insulin‐deficient diabetes (MIDD) subgroups, respectively. Individuals in the MIDD subgroup had a low risk burden equivalent to prediabetes, but with reduced insulin secretion. Individuals in the SOIRD subgroup were obese, had insulin resistance, and a high prevalence of fatty liver, tumors, family history of diabetes, and tumors. Individuals in the SIDD subgroup had severe insulin deficiency, the poorest glycemic control, and the highest prevalence of dyslipidemia and diabetic nephropathy. Individuals in MARD subgroup were the oldest, had moderate metabolic dysregulation and the highest risk of cardiovascular disease.ConclusionThe data‐driven approach to differentiating the status of new‐onset diabetes in the Chinese community was feasible. Patients in different clusters presented different characteristics and risks of complications.image
Using computer vision of facial expressions to assess symptom domains and treatment response in antipsychotic‐naïve patients with first‐episode psychosis
Authors: Ambrosen Karen S. , Lemvigh Cecilie K. , Nielsen Mette Ø. , Glenthøj Birte Y. , Syeda Warda T. , Ebdrup Bjørn H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundFacial expressions are a core aspect of non‐verbal communication. Reduced emotional expressiveness of the face is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia, however, quantifying negative symptoms can be clinically challenging and involves a considerable element of rater subjectivity. We used computer vision to investigate if (i) automated assessment of facial expressions captures negative as well as positive and general symptom domains, and (ii) if automated assessments are associated with treatment response in initially antipsychotic‐naïve patients with first‐episode psychosis.MethodWe included 46 patients (mean age 25.4 (6.1); 65.2% males). Psychopathology was assessed at baseline and after 6 weeks of monotherapy with amisulpride using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Baseline interview videos were recorded. Seventeen facial action units (AUs), that is, activation of muscles, from the Facial Action Coding System were extracted using OpenFace 2.0. A correlation matrix was calculated for each patient. Facial expressions were identified using spectral clustering at group‐level. Associations between facial expressions and psychopathology were investigated using multiple linear regression.ResultsThree clusters of facial expressions were identified related to different locations of the face. Cluster 1 was associated with positive and general symptoms at baseline, Cluster 2 was associated with all symptom domains, showing the strongest association with the negative domain, and Cluster 3 was only associated with general symptoms. Cluster 1 was significantly associated with the clinically rated improvement in positive and general symptoms after treatment, and Cluster 2 was significantly associated with clinical improvement in all domains.ConclusionUsing automated computer vision of facial expressions during PANSS interviews did not only capture negative symptoms but also combinations of the three overall domains of psychopathology. Moreover, automated assessments of facial expressions at baseline were associated with initial antipsychotic treatment response. The findings underscore the clinical relevance of facial expressions and motivate further investigations of computer vision in clinical psychiatry.
Mechanism research of non‐coding RNA in immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy
Authors: Bian Jie , Shao Rui , Li Juan , Zhu Jing‐Feng , Shao Ai‐Zhong , Liu Chao , Lu L. V. , Pan Hui‐Wen , Shi Yi‐Jun , Fang Na 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies for tumors of different systems have attained significant achievements and have changed the current situation of tumor treatment due to their therapeutic characteristics of high specificity and low side effects. The immune checkpoint Programmed death 1/Programmed cell death‐Ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) axis exerts a vital role in the immune escape of tumor cells. As a result, it has become a key target for tumor immunotherapy. Therefore, to perfect research into potential regulatory factors for the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis, in order to understand and illustrate tumor ICI therapy mechanisms, is a significant goal. Moreover, ncRNA has been verified to regulate the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis in the tumor immune microenvironment to regulate tumor genesis and development. ncRNAs can improve or decrease the efficacy of ICI therapy by modulating PD‐L1 expression. This review aimed to investigate the mechanisms of action of ncRNA in regulating the PD‐1/PD‐L1 axis in ICI therapy, to provide more efficient immunotherapy for tumors of different systems.
Fucoidan improving spinal cord injury recovery: Modulating microenvironment and promoting remyelination
Authors: Shu Haoming , Zhang Xin , Pu Yingyan , Zhang Yinuo , Huang Shixue , Ma Jun , Cao Li , Zhou Xuhui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionExcessive neuroinflammation, apoptosis, glial scar, and demyelination triggered by spinal cord injury (SCI) are major obstacles to SCI repair. Fucoidan, a natural marine plant extract, possesses broad‐spectrum anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and is regarded as a potential therapeutic for various diseases, including neurological disorders. However, its role in SCI has not been investigated.MethodsIn this study, we established an SCI model in mice and intervened in injury repair by daily intraperitoneal injections of different doses of fucoidan (10 and 20 mg/kg). Concurrently, primary oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) were treated in vitro to validate the differentiation‐promoting effect of fucoidan on OPCs. Basso Mouse Scale (BMS), Louisville Swim Scale (LSS), and Rotarod test were carried out to measure the functional recovery. Immunofluorescence staining, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were performed to assess the neuroinflammation, apoptosis, glial scar, and remyelination. Western blot analysis was conducted to clarify the underlying mechanism of remyelination.ResultsOur results indicate that in the SCI model, fucoidan exhibits significant anti‐inflammatory effects and promotes the transformation of pro‐inflammatory M1‐type microglia/macrophages into anti‐inflammatory M2‐type ones. Fucoidan enhances the survival of neurons and axons in the injury area and improves remyelination. Additionally, fucoidan promotes OPCs differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.ConclusionFucoidan improves SCI repair by modulating the microenvironment and promoting remyelination.
LEAP2 is associated with impulsivity and reward sensitivity depending on the nutritional status and decreases with protein intake in humans
Authors: Andreoli María F. , Kruger Ana Luz , Sokolov Aleksandr V. , Rukh Gull , De Francesco Pablo N. , Perello Mario , Schiöth Helgi B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimLiver‐expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) dynamics in human plasma and its association with feeding behaviour remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims: (a) to investigate fasting LEAP2 in participants with normal weight or with overweight or mild obesity (OW/OB); (b) to study the association between fasting LEAP2 and anthropometric and metabolic traits, feeding behaviour, LEAP2 genetic variants and blood cell DNA methylation status; and (c) to ascertain postprandial changes in LEAP2 after high protein intake and the association with feeding behaviour and food intake.MethodsAnthropometric and behavioural measures, genotyping, methylation profiling, plasma glucose and LEAP2 concentrations were assessed in 327 females and males. A subgroup of 123 participants received an ad libitum high‐protein meal, and postprandial LEAP2 concentration and behavioural measures were assessed.ResultsLEAP2 concentration was higher in participants with OW/OB (p < 0.001) and in females (p < 0.001), and was associated with LEAP2 single nucleotide polymorphisms rs765760 (p = 0.012) and rs803223 (p = 0.019), but not with LEAP2 methylation status. LEAP2 concentration was directly related to glycaemia (p = 0.001) and fullness (p = 0.003) in participants with normal weight, whereas it was associated with body mass index (p = 0.018), waist circumference (p = 0.014) and motor impulsivity in participants with OW/OB (p = 0.005). A negative association with reward responsiveness was observed in participants with OW/OB (p = 0.023). LEAP2 concentration was inversely associated with food intake (p = 0.034) and decreased after a high‐protein meal (p < 0.001), particularly in women (p = 0.002).ConclusionIncreased LEAP2 in participants with OW/OB is associated with behavioural characteristics of obesity. Our results show sexual dimorphism in LEAP2 concentration before and after food intake and highlight the role of LEAP2 in feeding regulation.
Exploring plurilingualism, ethnicity, and intercultural effectiveness: Insights from university students
Authors: Tang Fei , Calafato Raees 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe study reported in this article examined the dynamics of plurilingualism, ethnicity, and effectiveness in intercultural encounters among a sample of 221 participants from Chinese universities via an online questionnaire and a situational judgement test comprised of three scenarios involving plurilingual and intercultural encounters. It employed latent profile analysis to identify distinct profiles based on participants' plurilingualism, including how they used their languages, their exposure to linguistic diversity in oral interactions, and their experiences with plurilingualism in society, school, and university. The study also considered participants' ethnic backgrounds and self‐reported intercultural effectiveness. The findings revealed two latent profiles characterised by notable differences in ethnic background, language proficiency, language use, and experiences of plurilingualism in society, school, and university. Additionally, the most consistent predictors of participants' behaviour in the three scenarios were their fluid language use and exposure to linguistic diversity during oral interactions.
Single‐trial interindividual correlation shows semantic and visuospatial networks are fundamental for advanced mathematical learning
Authors: Li Mengyi , Wang Zilong , Yu Xiaodan , Zhou Xinlin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMathematical learning and ability are crucial for individual and national economic and technological development, but the neural mechanisms underlying advanced mathematical learning remain unclear. The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate how brain networks were involved in advanced mathematical learning and transfer. We recorded fMRI data from 24 undergraduate students as they learned the advanced mathematical concept of a commutative mathematical group. After learning, participants were required to complete learning and transfer behavioural tests. Results of single‐trial interindividual brain‐behaviour correlation analysis found that brain activity in the semantic and visuospatial networks, and the functional connectivity within the semantic network during advanced mathematical learning were positively correlated with learning and transfer effects. Additionally, the functional connectivity between the semantic and visuospatial networks was negatively correlated with the learning and transfer effects. These findings suggest that advanced mathematical learning relies on both semantic and visuospatial networks.
Enhanced silicate weathering accelerates forest carbon sequestration by stimulating the soil mineral carbon pump
Authors: Xu Tongtong , Yuan Zuoqiang , Vicca Sara , Goll Daniel S. , Li Guochen , Lin Luxiang , Chen Hui , Bi Boyuan , Chen Qiong , Li Chenlu , Wang Xing , Wang Chao , Hao Zhanqing , Fang Yunting , Beerling David J. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEnhanced silicate rock weathering (ERW) is an emerging strategy for carbon dioxide removal (CDR) from the atmosphere to mitigate anthropogenic climate change. ERW aims at promoting soil inorganic carbon sequestration by accelerating geochemical weathering processes. Theoretically, ERW may also impact soil organic carbon (SOC), the largest carbon pool in terrestrial ecosystems, but experimental evidence for this is largely lacking. Here, we conducted a 2‐year field experiment in tropical rubber plantations in the southeast of China to evaluate the effects of wollastonite powder additions (0, 0.25, and 0.5 kg m−2) on both soil organic and inorganic carbon at 0–10 cm depth. We found that ERW significantly increased the concentration of SOC and HCO3−, but the increases in SOC were four and eight times higher than that of HCO3− with low‐ and high‐level wollastonite applications. ERW had positive effects on the accrual of organic carbon in mineral‐associated organic matter (MAOM) and macroaggregate fractions, but not on particulate organic matter. Path analysis suggested that ERW increased MAOM mainly by increasing the release of Ca, Si, and Fe, and to a lesser extent by stimulating root growth and microbial‐derived carbon inputs. Our study indicates that ERW with wollastonite can promote SOC sequestration in stable MOAM in surface soils through both the soil mineral carbon pump and microbial carbon pump. These effects may have been larger than the inorganic CDR during our experiment. We argue it is essential to account for the responses of SOC in the assessments of CDR by ERW.
Influence of particle parameters on deposition onto healthy and damaged human hair
Authors: Tham Huijun Phoebe , Yip Kah Yuen , Aitipamula Srinivasulu , Mothe Srinivasa Reddy , Zhao Wenguang , Choong Ping Sen , Benetti Ayca Altay , Gan Wanjuan Evonne , Leong Fong Yew , Thoniyot Praveen , Dawson Thomas L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis research investigates how particle parameters, such as zeta potential, size, functional group, material composition, and hydrophobicity affect their affinity and deposition of particles onto hair.MethodsStreaming potential was used as the technique for analysis. The streaming potential data obtained was then converted to surface coverage data. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also done to visualize particle localization on the hair surface.ResultsThis study found stronger particle affinity on healthy than on damaged (oxidatively bleached) hair, due to diminished interaction sites from the removal of the hair shaft's external lipid layer. SEM imaging supported these findings and offered insights into particle localization. Hydrophilic silica particles accumulated along the exposed hydrophilic cuticle edges of healthy hair, due to hydrogen bonding with the exposed endocuticle. This localization is hypothesized to be due to the limited hydrophilic binding sites on the hydrophobic healthy hair cuticle surface. In damaged hair, an abundance of hydrophilic sites across the cuticle surface results in more dispersed binding. Hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction were shown to be the predominant forces influencing deposition, with hydrophobic interactions playing a less influential role. The affinity studies also proved that electrostatic attractions work over a longer range and are more effective at lower particle conditions compared with hydrogen bonding which only start to play a bigger role at higher particle concentrations. Steric hindrance of bulky side groups acted as a significant repulsive force. Results also revealed that larger particles deposit poorly on both healthy and damaged hair compared with smaller ones. Compared with neutrally charged silica nanoparticles (SN‐2), positively charged PMMA particles (PN+16) have a stronger affinity to healthy hair, with highly charged particles (PN+49) depositing most rapidly.ConclusionThis study provides a fundamental understanding of how particle–surface parameters influence their affinity to hair and how damaging hair affects deposition.
Foreign language enjoyment overcomes anxiety and boredom to boost oral proficiency in the first year of English foreign language learning
Authors: Dewaele Jean‐Marc , Guedat‐Bittighoffer Delphine , Dat Marie‐Ange 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe current study investigates the effect of three foreign language learner emotions on the amount of gain in oral proficiency over one school year of 159 eleven‐year‐old pupils starting English foreign language classes in France. Previous cross‐sectional studies have shown positive relationships between foreign language enjoyment (FLE) and various performance and achievement measures, as well as negative relationships between foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA), foreign language classroom boredom (FLCB), and FL performance and achievement measures. A common finding is that negative emotions explain more variance in Foreign Language (FL) performance and achievement measures at a single point in time than positive emotions. Correlation analyses revealed that the amount of gain was positively linked to FLE and negatively linked FLCA and FLCB. A first multiple regression analysis showed that, surprisingly, FLE was the only (positive) predictor of gain in oral proficiency. A second multiple regression analysis revealed that the FLE teacher dimension was the only predictor of gain in oral proficiency. This suggests that positive emotions, and especially the ability of teachers to meet the psychological needs of their students, have a stronger long‐term effect while negative emotions are more likely to disrupt performance in the moment. Pedagogical implications are presented.
Prediction of glass‐forming regions in AlF3‐M(PO3)2‐R2SO4‐based poly‐anionic fluoro‐sulfo‐phosphate glasses
Authors: Zhu Weijie , Wang Weichao , Geng Xin , Liu Yueting , Ji Yao , Liang Binfeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhosphate glasses have garnered significant attention as host materials for various laser applications due to their high rare‐earth ion solubility, large stimulated emission cross‐section, and low nonlinear refractive index. Modification of phosphate glass composition is feasible through poly‐anion substitution, leading to poly‐anionic glasses with unique properties. This study explores the glass‐forming regions (GFRs) of AlF3‐R2SO4‐M(PO3)2‐based poly‐anionic fluoro‐sulfo‐phosphate (R/M‐FSP) glasses, a promising class of ionic glasses. Theoretical GFRs are predicted using a thermodynamic approach and then validated through a few experiments. The experimental GFRs range from K/Ba‐FSP > Na/Ba‐FSP > Li/Ba‐FSP > K/Sr‐FSP > Na/Sr‐FSP > Li/Sr‐FSP, with wider areas observed under lower cation field strength. Notably, the K/Ba‐FSP glass system exhibits high anti‐crystallization stability (approximately 140°C) and a low nonlinear refractive index (1.43 × 10–13–1.83 × 10–13 esu), advantageous for high‐power laser operations. Furthermore, a comparative study among K/Ba‐FSP glasses elucidates the general principles of manipulating glass structure and physical properties through compositional variation.