bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of sanitation on child growth in Serbian Roma communities
Authors: Čvorović Jelena 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Poor sanitation may be associated with growth faltering, but empirical evidence on the association between household sanitation infrastructure and child nutrition has been mixed. This article assessed whether sanitation infrastructure is associated with growth penalties for Roma children.

Design
This is a Roma nationally representative population-based study. Proxies of child nutritional outcomes included children’s height-for-age Z scores below two standard deviations from the median of WHO’s reference population. Multiple and logistic regressions estimated the association between the type of toilet usage, outcomes, and sociodemographic determinants.

Setting
Data were from UNICEF’s fifth and sixth Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys for Serbian Roma settlements.

Subjects
Children aged 0–24 (n = 1,150) and 25–59 (n = 2,024) months born to women aged 15–48 years were included in this study.

Results
About 16% of children resided in households with no toilet service, and 23% of children were stunted. Roma children aged 25–59 months in households with no toilet service and in rural areas were more likely to be stunted and of significantly shorter stature than their counterparts. Children up to 24 months of age were not affected by the type of toilet, likely due to protective effects of breastfeeding. Child’s age, number of siblings, and birth spacing negatively influenced growth outcomes, while maternal age, birthweight above 2.5 kg, and being a female mitigated against poor growth outcomes.

Conclusions
The relationship between the type of toilet and growth outcomes among Roma children varied with age and area: having no toilet and living in rural areas were associated with compromised child growth for children aged 25–59 months. Maternal and child characteristics additionally accounted for children’s growth.
Investment development path for developed economies: Is agriculture different?
Authors: Djokoto Justice Gameli , Ehiakpor Dennis Sedem , Danso-Abbeam Gideon , Korir Lilian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Literature reports that developed countries are expected to be in stage IV or V (high economic development) in the investment development path (IDP). Knowing the IDP stage of a country shows the cross-border attractiveness of the economy, the circuitousness of firms expanding beyond the home border, and an indication for the formulation of appropriate economic policies. As this theoretical proposition is based on the total economy, we investigated the plausibility of this theory for the agricultural sector in developed countries. Using the generalised least squares estimator, we employed data on 26 developed countries from 1990 to 2021. We found that developed countries’ agriculture is in the first phase of stage V. This is consistent with the theoretical background for developed countries regarding the total economy and demonstrates how the IDP theory for industrialised countries’ overall economies and their agricultural systems are compatible. Agricultural multinationals in developed countries must continue to get globalised through a more interlocking network of trans-border supportive arrangements such as production and market sharing. Moreover, additional acquisition of farm assets and development of the same would balance place-bound assets, leading to further fluctuation of the net outward foreign direct investment and creating smaller transient amplitudes of the curve.
A review of cultural and social representations of islands: Implications for island destination marketing
Authors: Carvalho Andreia , Carneiro Maria João , Kastenholz Elisabeth 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Islands have always inspired human imagination, being associated with heroic journeys, myths, mysteries, and sacred quests, and often romanticised as ideal places to escape from ordinary life towards pleasant tourism destinations. Some studies have assessed island destination image, but only little attention has been paid to the social and cultural representations of islands and their role in island destination image formation. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to conduct in-depth research on the social and cultural meanings of islands and discuss practical implications for destination marketing. This work was based on an extensive literature review of scientific articles, books and chapters on island destinations to identify categories of such meanings assigned to islands over the centuries. The results reveal that islands are generally perceived as sacred and unique remote places, marked by a pristine environment and often associated with a romantic idyll. However, islands also face challenges, as there are several negative image elements, namely related to isolation, inaccessibility, and extreme weather events. Both attractive dimensions and those revealing islands’ vulnerability, visible in social representations, should be considered in destination image assessment, revealing potentialities and challenges for the marketing of island destinations.
Tourismuspolitik am Scheideweg?! – Reflektionen für neue Narrative in Freizeit, Tourismus und Hospitality
Authors: Pillmayer Markus , Eberhardt Katrin 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die Freizeit-, Tourismus- und Hospitalitybranche in Deutschland beklagt seit geraumer Zeit eine mangelnde Wertschätzung durch die Tourismuspolitik von der Orts- bis zur Bundesebene – trotz gestiegener und steigender touristischer Kennzahlen. Auf der einen Seite mag ein Grund dafür in der hohen Anzahl an Krisen – Polykrisen – mit denen sowohl Branche als auch Gesellschaft konfrontiert ist, liegen. Auf der anderen Seite konstatiert die Branche, dass bestehende Narrative nicht mehr die gewünschte Aufmerksamkeit erzielen – das Narrativ vom Wirtschaftsfaktor Tourismus scheint auserzählt, jedoch mindestens im Umbruch. Daher stellt sich die Frage, wie mögliche neue Narrative im Sinne des Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) aussehen könnten, um im tourismuspolitischen Diskurs die erforderliche Aufmerksamkeit und damit die gewünschte Wertschätzung zu erlangen. Als Ausgang für die diskutierten Überlegungen dient Bayern als Tourismusland Nummer 1 in Deutschland, das in vielerlei Hinsicht als Benchmark fungiert und aufgrund des eigenen Selbstverständnisses einen Führungsanspruch im Deutschlandtourismus formuliert.
Pediatric Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Prescribing Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bose-Brill Seuli , Hirabayashi Kathryn , Schwimmer Emmanuel , Pajor Nathan M. , Rao Suchitra , Mejias Asuncion , Jhaveri Ravi , Forrest Christopher B. , Bailey L. Charles , Christakis Dimitri A. , Thacker Deepika , Hanley Patrick C. , Patel Payal B. , Cogen Jonathan D. , Block Jason P. , Prahalad Priya , Lorman Vitaly , Lee Grace M. ,   Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery consortium
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES
This study seeks to identify demographic and clinical factors prompting clinician prescribing of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir to pediatric patients for management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.

METHODS
Patients aged 12 to 17 years with a COVID-19 infection and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription during an outpatient clinical encounter within a PEDSnet-affiliated institution between January 2022 and August 2023 were identified using electronic health record data. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription after adjusting for various factors.

RESULTS
A total of 20 959 patients aged 12 to 17 years were diagnosed with a COVID-19 infection on the basis of an electronic health record-documented positive polymerase chain reaction or antigen test or diagnosis during an outpatient clinical visit. Of these patients, 408 received a nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescription within 5 days of diagnosis. Higher odds of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir treatment were associated with having chronic or complex chronic disease (chronic: odds ratio [OR] 2.50 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.83–3.38]; complex chronic: OR 2.21 [95% CI 1.58–3.08]). Among patients with chronic disease, each additional body system conferred 1.18 times higher odds of treatment (95% CI 1.10–1.26). Compared with non-Hispanic white patients, Hispanic patients (OR 0.61 [95% CI 0.44–0.83]) had lower odds of treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
Children with chronic conditions are more likely than those without to receive nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescriptions. However, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir prescribing to children with chronic conditions remains infrequent. Pediatric data concerning nirmatrelvir/ritonavir safety and effectiveness in preventing severe disease and hospitalization are critical optimizing clinical decision-making and use among children.
INTERPRETATION OF THE PHENOMENON OF SOCIAL CONTROL IN POSTMODERNISM AND METAMODERNISM
Authors: VYSOTSKA Olha 
Published: July 2024

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the interpretation of the phenomenon of social control in postmodernism and metamodernism. The similarities and differences in the description of social control mechanisms are identified. The concepts of “society of the spectacle” (G.Debord), “society of surveillance” (M.Foucault) and “society of control” (J. Deleuze) are analyzed, which show the evolution of postmodernists’ views on social processes.. The concept of the “listening society” (G.Freinacht) as a metamodern alternative to the development of modern society is presented. Postmodernism focuses on criticizing society, drawing attention to its increasing fragmentation, the crisis of metanarratives, and the growing role of the media as a tool for social control. In contrast, metamodernism tries to balance modern and postmodern theories, recognizing the importance of centralized and decentralized forms of social control. This allows simultaneously taking into account the diversity of identities of a modern person and the possibility of his or her integration into society through the adoption of common norms and rules. Metamodernism seeks to reconstruct metanarratives that can contribute to new forms of social control based on cooperation and common interests. It emphasizes the importance of empathy in social control, whereas postmodernism rejects it as a false, simulated form of social relations. While postmodernism focuses more on critical analysis of existing structures, metamodernism aims to find hybrid and adaptive forms of control that combine traditional methods with the latest technologies. All these differences in the interpretation of the phenomenon of social control reflect the paradigm shift from postmodern deconstruction to synthesis and reconstruction within metamodernism.
SELF-IDENTIFICATION OF THE PERSONALITY WITHIN THE EXISTENTIAL DISCOURSE OF JEAN-PAUL SARTRE
Authors: MAZUR Maryna 
Published: July 2024

In this article, the subject is considered by the author not as a static object, but as a «project», which is in a state of constant becoming. During the study were obtained the following conclusions: firstly, it was emphasized, that a subject has no predefined essence and that his existence precedes any design or plan. Secondly, it is detected, that a subject constructs its identity not through random circumstances or predefined restrictions of the external world, but through the carried-out choices and own deeds and actions, which manifested in the world. Thirdly, it is installed, that а subject is forced to accept its individual freedom even, if it contradicts his desires or expectations of other people. Fourthly, it is substantiated, that the process of self-identification can be dramatic, as it requires the subject to gap with usual stereotypes and expectations, and also acceptance own individuality and responsibility for its actions. Fifthly, it is accented, that the process of self-identification of a personality involves disclosure and cognition of the essence own «Ego», as a unique and integral structure, which is manifested in the subject’s ability to self-creation, self-fulfillment and self-improvement and in his real possibility to form an image of the future world. Sixthly, it is determined, that absolute freedom for the subject turns into a necessity, which prompts his to responsibility for its existence, choice, actions and deeds. Seventhly, it is allocated, that the subject denies social and moral-religious attitudes to free themselves from external influence, that impede his freedom of choice, which is a reflection of his subjective attitude to any situation. That is in this case we can say that the subject, creating its reality, does not rely on external authority, the existence of which is questionable in the world and is repelled only on subjective choice.
КРИЗИС ТЕПЛОВІДДАЧІ ПРИ ВИПАРОВУВАННІ РІДКОГО МЕТАЛУ З ПОВЕРХНІ КАПІЛЯРНО-ПОРИСТОЇ СТРУКТУРИ
Authors: Bilogurov Stanislav 
Published: July 2024

Об’єктом дослідження даної роботи є теплофізичні процеси, які відбуваються при тепловіддачі охолоджувальної поверхні з капілярно-пористою структурою (КПС) при фазових переходах охолоджуючої рідини. Збільшення підвищених теплонапруженихможливостей вузлів і агрегатів енергетичних установок, як наземного так і космічного базування, потребує надійного і безпечного охолодження цих елементів. Метою роботи є визначення основних параметрів КПС для застосування більш ефективного способу охолодження теплонапружених елементів рідинних ракетних двигунів.Для виконання такої задачі, у якості теплоносіїв, найбільш доцільніше використовувати речовини з високими критичними параметрами, до яких належать рідкі та лужні метали.Поява нових матеріалів і технологій їх виробництва потребує додаткових досліджень у галузі теплообміну в капілярних структурах та на їх поверхнях, що дає суттєвий ефект у порівнянні з плоскими поверхнями. Використання принципу дії теплових труб з капілярно-пористими структурамищоб забезпечити надійне охолодження рідинних ракетних двигунів малої тяги, для корекції та орієнтації супутників, дає можливість суттєво знизити масово-габаритні характеристики установки у порівнянні з традиційними методами охолодження. У зв’язку з цим у даній роботі для проведення досліджень по визначенню основних ефективних параметрів КПС, як метод дослідження, було вибрано експериментальне визначення коефіцієнта тепловіддачі на капілярно-пористих поверхнях при випаровуванні лужних металів. Визначено кількісні залежності коефіцієнта тепловіддачі від коефіцієнта випаровування. Наведена межа впливу капілярного тиску на коефіцієнт випаровування та виявлені основні причини виникнення кризи теплообміну при випаровуванні рідких металів з капілярних структур.
La universidad pública bajo ataque neoliberal
Authors: Corrales Arias Adriano 
Published: July 2024

El siguiente artículo busca incentivar la discusión en torno a las amenazas contra la universidad pública así como su necesaria defensa. Se hace un recuento histórico de los orígenes de la universidad occidental y del devenir de la universidad pública costarricense. Se destacan los ataques y amenazas procedentes de la contrarreforma neoliberal desde los años ochenta del siglo pasado. Dichos ataques y amenazas se refuerzan ante la presencia de sectores que al interior de las universidades apoyan y apuntalan las “reformas” que plantea la contrarreforma. Esas actitudes y acciones, más los ataques, se solapan con luchas parciales en defensa, ciertamente, de importantes derechos humanos y civiles, pero olvidando o menospreciando los objetivos estratégicos de la lucha política en favor de las grandes mayorías. Finalmente, se hace una propuesta hacia la “pluriversidad” y para la creación de un sistema universitario costarricense único e integrado.
Historicity Muhammadiyah: What was the Idea of the Founder of Muhammadiyah as a “Progressive Islamic Movement?”
Authors: Darmayanti Rani , Nurhakim Moh. , Utsman Yusuf Olawale Owa-Onire , Amien Syaiful 
Published: July 2024

This research aims to examine the historicity of KH Ahmad Dahlan, founder of Muhammadiyah, in emphasizing the theological principles of tajwid and ijtihad, describing the concept of development used by KH Ahmad Dahlan as an intellectual reaction to the social, political and economic challenges faced by Indonesian society during the Dutch colonial rule. This research uses systematic literature observation (SLR) methodology to identify, disseminate, and analyze all relevant research to answer research questions using the 7P technique. This research increases scientific knowledge about the Islamic reform movement, how insight into the theological principles it offers especially in the modern era, and how the concept of "Islamic Development" responds to the unique aspects of Globalization will be discussed in detail. The final results show the involvement of empowerment from the leaders of the Muhammadiyah movement to create effective educational and promotional initiatives to improve Islamic identity in society. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji historisitas KH Ahmad Dahlan, pendiri Muhammadiyah, dalam menekankan prinsip-prinsip teologis tajwid dan ijtihad, menggambarkan konsep pembangunan yang digunakan oleh KH Ahmad Dahlan sebagai reaksi intelektual terhadap tantangan sosial, politik dan ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat Indonesia selama pemerintahan kolonial Belanda. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi systematic literature observation (SLR) untuk mengidentifikasi, menyebarluaskan, dan menganalisis semua penelitian yang relevan untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian dengan menggunakan teknik 7P. Penelitian ini meningkatkan pengetahuan ilmiah tentang gerakan reformasi Islam, bagaimana wawasan tentang prinsip-prinsip teologis yang ditawarkannya terutama di era modern, dan bagaimana konsep "Perkembangan Islam" menanggapi aspek-aspek unik Globalisasi akan dibahas secara rinci. Hasil akhir menunjukkan keterlibatan pemberdayaan dari para pemimpin gerakan Muhammadiyah untuk menciptakan inisiatif pendidikan dan promosi yang efektif untuk meningkatkan identitas Islam di masyarakat.
Opioid-related deaths in Northern Ontario in the early COVID-19 pandemic period
Authors: Nunn Alexandra , Perri Amanda M. , Gordon Hilary , Harding John P. D. , Loo C. K. Jennifer , Tuinema John 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
In the first year of pandemic measures, opioid-related deaths across Ontario’s (ON) 34 public health units (PHUs) increased by 60%. Death rates for all seven Northern ON PHUs were above the provincial average. This study describes and compares factors surrounding opioid-related deaths before and after pandemic measures were introduced, for Northern ON compared to the rest of ON.

Methods
Aggregate data were provided for Northern ON and the rest of the province by the Office of the Chief Coroner/Ontario Forensic Pathology Services. Opioid-related deaths were cohorted by date of death for the year before and after pandemic measures were introduced on March 16, 2020. Chi-square tests were used to compare between cohorts and geographies to determine significant differences for each variable, and for dichotomized levels within variables. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant a priori.

Results
In Northern ON, the number of opioid-related deaths approximately doubled from the pre-pandemic cohort (n = 185) to the early pandemic cohort (n = 365). Compared to the rest of ON, higher proportions of deaths occurred in Northern ON among individuals who lived and died in private residences, among women (although the majority of decedents were male) and among individuals employed in mining, quarrying, and oil and gas industries. Compared to the pre-pandemic year, in Northern ON, higher proportions of opioid-related deaths involved fentanyl and stimulants as direct contributors, and the majority involved evidence of inhaled drugs.

Conclusion
Differences between the circumstances of death in Northern ON and in the rest of ON suggest opportunities to tailor interventions.
Exploring the cross-sectional association between the strength of school vaping policies and student vaping behaviours using data from the 2021–2022 COMPASS Study
Authors: Kostuch Erin , Bélanger Richard , Leatherdale Scott T. , Cole Adam G. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Youth vaping is a concern in Canada. While school-level policies influence student behaviours, few studies have investigated the association between school vaping policies and student vaping. This study reviewed and scored the comprehensiveness of school vaping policies and investigated the association between school vaping policy scores and student vaping.

Methods
Online policy documents from n = 39 schools in Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia, Canada, participating in the 2021–2022 wave of the COMPASS study were collected, reviewed, and scored for comprehensiveness (/39) using the School Tobacco Policy Index (STPI) rating form. The mean and range of scores for each domain of the STPI were calculated. School policy scores were linked to student vaping data from the COMPASS study. Multilevel logistic regression analyses identified the association between school vaping policy score and student lifetime and current (past 30-day) vaping.

Results
The mean total policy score was 10.2/39 (range 0‒24), and 28% of schools scored 0/39. The majority of school policies did not identify enforcement approaches or available preventive or cessation resources. Increasing STPI score was not associated with the odds of student lifetime or current vaping in multilevel logistic regression analyses.

Conclusion
The STPI quickly identified components of school vaping policies that were missing. The overall score of most school vaping policies in our sample was low and most school vaping policies lacked many important components. Future studies should explore factors associated with adolescent vaping and identify effective prevention measures.
Games Tebaleg untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Proses Sains pada Siswi Kelompok C SPS Mathla’ul Anwar
Authors: S Rena Aprilia 
Published: July 2024

Research has been carried out that aims to find out how children process in carrying out structured activities. Here, the researcher applies the theme of nature and the universe to observe the process of early childhood. The research method used is a qualitative method that focuses on classroom action research (CAR). The research instrument used an observation sheet of science process skills and attitudes. Data collection is done by observation and documentation. The field study was carried out at SPS Mathla'ul Anwar, which is located in Tamansari District, Tasikmalaya City. Based on the results of the activity analysis, the researchers concluded that it is necessary to introduce various types of science games on the theme of nature and the universe in early childhood education to identify and improve AUD process skills, especially for ages 5 to 6 years. Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana anak-anak berproses dalam melakukan kegiatan terstruktur. Disini peneliti mengaplikasikan tema alam dan jagad raya untuk mengamati proses anak usia dini. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu metode kualitatif yang berfokus pada penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar onservasi keterampilan proses dan sikap sains. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan dokumentasi. Studi lapangan dilaksanakan di SPS Mathla’ul Anwar yang beralamat di Kecamatan Tamansari Kota Tasikmalaya. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kegiatan, peneliti menarik kesimpulan bahwa perlu adanya perlu adanya pengenalan berbagai jenis permainan sains pada tema alam dan jad raya di Pendidikan anak usia dini untuk mengetahui dan meningkatkan keterampilan proses AUD khususnya untuk usia 5 sampai 6 tahun.