bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Citizen Science Reports to Evaluate Estimates of Surface Precipitation Type
Authors: Chen Sheng , Gourley Jonathan J. , Hong Yang , Cao Qing , Carr Nicholas , Kirstetter Pierre-Emmanuel , Zhang Jian , Flamig Zac 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In meteorological investigations, the reference variable or “ground truth” typically comes from an instrument. This study uses human observations of surface precipitation types to evaluate the same variables that are estimated from an automated algorithm. The NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory’s Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (MRMS) system relies primarily on observations from the Next Generation Radar (NEXRAD) network and model analyses from the Earth System Research Laboratory’s Rapid Refresh (RAP) system. Each hour, MRMS yields quantitative precipitation estimates and surface precipitation types as rain or snow. To date, the surface precipitation type product has received little attention beyond case studies. This study uses precipitation type reports collected by citizen scientists who have contributed observations to the meteorological Phenomena Identification Near the Ground (mPING) project. Citizen scientist reports of rain and snow during the winter season from 19 December 2012 to 30 April 2013 across the United States are compared to the MRMS precipitation type products. Results show that while the mPING reports have a limited spatial distribution (they are concentrated in urban areas), they yield similar critical success indexes of MRMS precipitation types in different cities. The remaining disagreement is attributed to an MRMS algorithmic deficiency of yielding too much rain, as opposed to biases in the mPING reports. The study also shows reduced detectability of snow compared to rain, which is attributed to lack of sensitivity at S band and the shallow nature of winter storms. Some suggestions are provided for improving the MRMS precipitation type algorithm based on these findings.
Improving Climate Change Detection through Optimal Seasonal Averaging: The Case of the North Atlantic Jet and European Precipitation
Authors: Zappa Giuseppe , Hoskins Brian J. , Shepherd Theodore G. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The detection of anthropogenic climate change can be improved by recognizing the seasonality in the climate change response. This is demonstrated for the North Atlantic jet [zonal wind at 850 hPa (U850)] and European precipitation responses projected by the climate models from phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5). The U850 future response is characterized by a marked seasonality: an eastward extension of the North Atlantic jet into Europe in November–April and a poleward shift in May–October. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, the multimodel mean response in U850 in these two extended seasonal means emerges by 2035–40 for the lower-latitude features and by 2050–70 for the higher-latitude features, relative to the 1960–90 climate. This is 5–15 years earlier than when evaluated in the traditional meteorological seasons (December–February and June–August), and it results from an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio associated with the spatial coherence of the response within the extended seasons. The annual mean response lacks important information on the seasonality of the response without improving the signal-to-noise ratio. The same two extended seasons are demonstrated to capture the seasonality of the European precipitation response to climate change and to anticipate its emergence by 10–20 years. Furthermore, some of the regional responses (such as the Mediterranean precipitation decline and the U850 response in North Africa in the extended winter) are projected to emerge by 2020–25, according to the models with a strong response. Therefore, observations might soon be useful to test aspects of the atmospheric circulation response predicted by some of the CMIP5 models.
Age-adjusted glycated albumin accurately reflects blood glucose in patients with neonatal diabetes mellitus: comparison with calculated glycated albumin determined by past blood glucose concentrations
Authors: Suzuki Shigeru , Furuya Akiko , Oshima Miho , Amamiya Satoshi , Nakao Atsushi , Wada Keiko , Okuhara Koji , Hayano Satoshi , Imamoto Aya , Matsuo Kumihiro , Tanahashi Yusuke , Azuma Hiroshi , Koga Masafumi 
Published: May 2015

Background Glycated albumin is a useful glycaemic control indicator for neonatal diabetes mellitus. However, glycated albumin concentrations in infants are lower than those in adults and increase in an age-dependent manner. Based on our investigation of non-diabetic subjects, we proposed the possibility that the reference range for adults may be used regardless of age, provided that age-adjusted glycated albumin is employed. In the present study, we evaluate the usefulness of age-adjusted glycated albumin in neonatal diabetes mellitus patients. Methods Six neonatal diabetes mellitus patients (four patients with permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus and two patients with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus) were included. Measured glycated albumin or age-adjusted glycated albumin was compared to calculated glycated albumin, which was determined using calculation formulae we had reported based on past blood glucose over the 50 days before measurement of glycated albumin. Results Measured glycated albumin was significantly lower than calculated glycated albumin (20.5 ± 4.9% versus 28.2 ± 6.1%; p < 0.0001), whereas age-adjusted glycated albumin was equivalent to calculated glycated albumin, showing no significant difference (27.5 ± 6.8% versus 28.2 ± 6.1%). Measured glycated albumin concentrations in patients with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus in remission were lower than the reference range for adults, whereas age-adjusted glycated albumin concentrations were within the reference range for adults. Conclusion We demonstrated that age-adjusted glycated albumin concentrations were consistent with calculated glycated albumin. Age-adjusted glycated albumin is therefore a useful glycaemic control indicator for neonatal diabetes mellitus patients.
Attitudes of mental health occupational therapists toward evidence-based practice
Authors: Hitch Danielle P. 
Published: May 2015

Background. Evidence-based practice is an important driver in modern health care and has become a priority in mental health occupational therapy in recent years. Purpose. The aim of this study was to measure the attitudes of a cohort of mental health occupational therapists toward evidence-based practice. Method. Forty-one mental health occupational therapists were surveyed using the Evidence-Based Practice Attitude Scale (EBPAS). Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman’s rho were used to analyze the data. Findings. The occupational therapy respondents had generally positive attitudes toward evidence-based practices comparable to established norms. Respondents with further qualifications beyond their professional degree were significantly more likely to try new interventions ( p = .31). Significant negative correlations were found also for the subscales of Appeal and Openness in relation to years of occupational therapy practice (rho = –.354, p = .023; rho = –.344, p = 0.28) and mental health experience (rho = –.390, p = 0.12; rho = –.386, p = .013). Implications. Therapist factors can significantly impact attitudes toward evidence-based practice.
Relationship between dysfunctional attitudes and childhood traumas in women with depression
Authors: Akbaba Turkoglu Sevil , Essizoglu Altan , Kosger Ferdi , Aksaray Gokay 
Published: May 2015

Aim: Psychological traumas in childhood could lead to dysfunctional attitudes causing negative cognitive structuring and mistakes in data processing. In this study, we aimed to research the relation of childhood traumas with dysfunctional attitudes in female patients with depressive disorder. Method: Seventy female patients diagnosed with depressive disorder and 50 healthy volunteers participated in the study, and the participants were administered a socio-demographic form, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale (DAS). Results: Comparing the two groups by median values of CTQ, total CTQ, sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, physical neglect and emotional neglect, median values of the patient group were significantly higher compared to the control group, and comparison by median values of DAS revealed that median values of the patient group was significantly lower compared to the control group. In the correlation analysis carried out for finding the relation between CTQ and DAS, there was a significant negative correlation between DAS score and emotional abuse score. In the patient group, all kinds of abuses and neglects except for sexual abuse were at a higher rate in those with a history of depression in the family. Conclusion: In our study, a negative correlation was determined between DAS and only emotional abuse leading us to the finding that one of the factors mediating childhood traumas to cause depression could lead to dysfunctional attitudes.
Proportion of Patients Reporting Acceptable Symptoms or Treatment Failure and Their Associated KOOS Values at 6 to 24 Months After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Ingelsrud Lina H. , Granan Lars-Petter , Terwee Caroline B. , Engebretsen Lars , Roos Ewa M. 
Published: May 2015

Background: The proportion of patients perceiving their symptoms as either acceptable or as a failure of treatment after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is unknown. Commonly used outcome scores such as the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) suffer from poor interpretability, and little is known about which scores represent an acceptable or failed postoperative outcome. Purpose: To determine the proportion of patients reporting acceptable symptoms or treatment failure at 6 to 24 months after ACLR and to define KOOS values corresponding to the patients’ perceptions of treatment outcome. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: In 2012, a total of 1197 patients were randomly extracted from the Norwegian Knee Ligament Registry at 3 postoperative time points: 397 at 6 months, 400 at 12 months, and 400 at 24 months. The inclusion criterion was unilateral primary ACLR. Questions about acceptable symptoms and treatment failure and the KOOS questionnaire were sent to the patients, and those who answered “yes” to the acceptable symptoms question were considered to have acceptable symptoms. Patients who answered “no” to the same question and “yes” to the treatment failure question were considered to have treatment failure. Mean KOOS values and 95% CIs were calculated for each category. Results: A complete data set was obtained from 598 (50%) responders. Fifty-five percent of the patients perceived their symptoms as acceptable at 6-month follow-up versus 66% at 12- to 24-month follow-up. Similarly, 7% at 6-month follow-up perceived their treatment to have failed versus 12% at 12- to 24-month follow-up. Postoperative mean KOOS subscale values ranged from 72 (95% CI, 70-74) to 95 (95% CI, 94-96) for patients with acceptable symptoms and from 28 (95% CI, 22-34) to 71 (95% CI, 65-76) for patients with treatment failure. For both categories, the worst subscale values were seen in the sport and recreation and quality of life subscales and the best in the activities of daily living subscale. Conclusion: Only half of the patients at 6 months and about two-thirds at 1 to 2 years perceived their symptoms as acceptable after ACLR. For these patients, KOOS values reflected no problems to mild problems on average, while for patients reporting treatment failure, KOOS values reflected moderate to severe problems.
Registry Data Highlight Increased Revision Rates for Endobutton/Biosure HA in ACL Reconstruction With Hamstring Tendon Autograft
Authors: Persson Andreas , Kjellsen Asle B. , Fjeldsgaard Knut , Engebretsen Lars , Espehaug Birgitte , Fevang Jonas M. 
Published: May 2015

Background: Compared with a patellar tendon autograft (PT), a hamstring tendon autograft (HT) has an increased risk of revision after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). There are no studies analyzing whether this can be explained by inferior fixation devices used in HT reconstruction or whether the revision risk of ACLR with an HT or a PT is influenced by the graft fixation. Purpose: To compare the risk of revision and the revision rates between the most commonly used combinations of fixation for HTs with PTs. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: This study included all patients registered in the Norwegian Knee Ligament Registry from 2004 through 2013 who underwent primary PT or HT ACLR with no concomitant ligament injury and known graft fixation. The 2-year revision rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. Hazard ratios (HRs) for revision at 2 years were calculated using multivariate Cox regression models. Results: A total of 14,034 patients with primary ACLR were identified: 3806 patients with PTs and 10,228 patients with HTs; the mean follow-up time was 4.5 years. In the HT group, 5 different combinations of fixation in the femur/tibia were used in more than 500 patients: Endobutton/RCI screw (n = 2339), EZLoc/WasherLoc (n = 1352), Endobutton/Biosure HA (n = 1209), Endobutton/Intrafix (n = 687), and TransFix II/metal interference screw (MIS) (n = 620). The crude 2-year revision rate for patients with PTs was 0.7% (95% CI, 0.4%-1.0%), and for patients with HTs, it ranged between the groups from 1.5% (95% CI, 0.5%-2.4%) for TransFix II/MIS to 5.5% (95% CI, 4.0%-7.0%) for Endobutton/Biosure HA. When adjusted for detected confounding factors and compared with patients with PTs, the HR for revision at 2 years was increased for all HT combinations used in more than 500 patients, and the combinations Endobutton/Biosure HA and Endobutton/Intrafix had the highest HRs of 7.3 (95% CI, 4.4-12.1) and 5.5 (95% CI, 3.1-9.9), respectively. Conclusion: The choice of fixation after ACLR with an HT has a significant effect on a patient’s risk of revision. In this study population, none of the examined combinations of HT fixation had a revision rate as low as that for a PT.
External validation of the prognostic index in acute paraquat poisoning
Authors: Kim DS , Kang C , Kim DH , Kim SC , Lee SH , Jeong JH , Kang TS , Jung SM , Lee SB , Lee KW , Kim RB 
Published: May 2015

Objective: Some studies have evaluated the prognostic indicators associated with acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning. In this study, we externally validated the Yamaguchi index, which showed a good prognostic relevance in predicting the outcome of PQ poisoning. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 297 patients was performed. The Yamaguchi index was calculated using the following equation: Eq1 = (K+ × HCO3−)/(Creatinine × 0.088)(mEq/L) against time from PQ ingestion ( T). The patients were divided into three groups: group A: Eq1 > 1500 − 399 × log T, group B: 930 − 399 × log T < Eq1 ≤ 1500 − 399 × log T, and group C: Eq1 ≤ 930 − 399 × log T). Results: The overall mortality rate was 65.3% (194 of 297). The mortality rates of the three groups stratified by the Yamaguchi index were 7.1% (2 of 28), 22.4% (15 of 67), and 87.6% (177 of 202). The area under the receiver–operating characteristic curve for predicting mortality from the external validation of the Yamaguchi index was 0.842 (95% confidence interval: 0.795–0.882). Conclusion: The Yamaguchi index is a reliable prognostic factor and could be helpful in predicting mortality due to PQ poisoning.
Ethical challenges
Authors: Jakobsen Rita , Sørlie Venke 
Published: May 2015

Introduction: To meet and take care of people with dementia implicate professional and moral challenges for caregivers. Using force happens daily. However, staff also encounter challenges with the management in the units. Managing the caretaking function is also significant in how caretakers experience working in dementia care. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the caregiver’s experiences with ethical challenges in dementia care settings and the significance of professional leadership in this context. Method: The design is qualitative, and data appear through narrative interviews. A total of 23 caretakers participated in the study. The transcribed interviews were subjected to a phenomenological-hermeneutical interpretation. Ethical considerations: The respondents signed an informed consent for participation prior to the interviews. They were assured anonymity and confidentiality in the publication of the data. Ricoeur’s method for interpretation ensures anonymity as the researcher relates to the data as one collective text. The study is part of a larger research project in ethics, in its entirety approved in line with the Helsinki Convention. Results: The findings show that the caretakers experienced inadequacy. Some of them described a negative work atmosphere where they experienced that their leaders did not take them seriously. Because of this, informal negative sub-groups functioned as an exclusive debriefing arena. Some of the informants described the opposite experience where the leaders actively supported them. Discussion: The analyses of the findings are discussed in light of the concepts of trust and mistrust in leadership. Conclusion: There is a correlation between the leadership and the caregivers’ experience of being in difficult situations.
Clinical group supervision for integrating ethical reasoning
Authors: Blomberg Karin , Bisholt Birgitta 
Published: May 2015

Background: Clinical group supervision has existed for over 20 years in nursing. However, there is a lack of studies about the role of supervision in nursing students’ education and especially the focus on ethical reasoning. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore and describe nursing students’ ethical reasoning and their supervisors’ experiences related to participation in clinical group supervision. Research design: The study is a qualitative interview study with interpretative description as an analysis approach. Participants and research context: A total of 17 interviews were conducted with nursing students (n = 12) who had participated in clinical group supervision in their first year of nursing education, and with their supervisors (n = 5). Ethical considerations: The study was based on the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, and permission was obtained from the Regional Ethical Review Board in Sweden. Findings: The analysis revealed that both the form and content of clinical group supervision stimulated reflection and discussion of handling of situations with ethical aspects. Unethical situations were identified, and the process uncovered underlying caring actions. Discussion and conclusion: Clinical group supervision is a model that can be used in nursing education to train ethical reflection and to develop an ethical competence among nursing students. Outcomes from the model could also improve nursing education itself, as well as healthcare organizations, in terms of reducing moral blindness and unethical nursing practice.
VKORC1 -1639 G>A Polymorphism in Romanian Patients With Deep Vein Thrombosis
Authors: Vesa Ştefan Cristian , Trifa Adrian Pavel , Crişan Sorin , Buzoianu Anca Dana 
Published: May 2015

Aim: The purpose of the research was to study the influence of several genetic factors, especially the -1693 G>A polymorphism of the VKORC1 gene, on the risk of acute unprovoked lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Materials and Methods: The study included 127 patients (median age 63 [53.2; 72] years; 61 [48%] women and 66 [52%] men) who were diagnosed with acute lower extremity DVT and 114 controls (median age 62 [53; 73] years; 64 [56.1%] women and 50 [43.9%] men) without DVT. We recorded data regarding the history of DVT and the presence of varicose veins. We determined the genotypes for factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation, prothrombin G20210A mutation, VKORC1 -1639 G>A mutation, and PAI-1 -675 4G/5G polymorphism. Results and conclusion: Varicose veins were found in 67 (52.8%) patients and 29 (25.4%) controls ( P < .001). FVL was present in 29 (22.8%) patients and 10 (8.8%) controls ( P = .005). The VKORC1 (-1693 G>A) GG genotype was found in 42 (33.1%) patients and 41 (36%) controls, the GA genotype in 71 (55.9%) patients and 47 (41.2%) controls, and AA genotype in 14 (11%) patients and 26 (22.8%) controls ( P = .020). Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of varicose veins, FVL, and VKORC1 -1639 G>A was independently associated with the risk of DVT. The VKORC1 (-1693 G>A) AA genotype was associated with fewer cases of DVT (odds ratio = 0.435; 95% confidence interval 0.205-0.991; P = .031).
Association between HbA1c levels with severity of coronary artery disease and short-term outcomes of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction in nondiabetic patients
Authors: Ghaffari Samad , Niafar Farhad , Separham Ahmad , Niafar Mitra , Pourafkari Leili , Nader Nader D. 
Published: May 2015

Background: The severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) is directly related to the quality of glucose control in diabetic patients. Additionally, mortality after an acute coronary syndrome is higher in patients with diabetes and it correlates to the level of glucose control. However, the role of higher gluconated hemoglobin in the process of coronary atherosclerosis and clinical outcome of acute myocardial infarction is unknown. Objectives: To evaluate the association of HbA1c level and severity of CAD and short-term outcomes of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in nondiabetics. Methods: A total of 290 nondiabetic patients with STEMI were prospectively enrolled following their admission. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the median percent of HbA1c (⩽5.8% ‘Low’ and >5.8% ‘High’). The severity of CAD based on the Califf scoring system, in-hospital mortality and morbidities of STEMI were compared between groups. Patients were followed for 1 year after discharge to assess readmission and mortality rate. Results: The severity score for CAD was significantly higher in the ‘High’ versus ‘Low’ HbA1c group (7.7 ± 2.7 and 5.5 ± 2.6, p = 0.001). A total of 15 patients died in both groups during the follow-up period. While in-hospital mortality was similar between the two groups, 12-month mortality was significantly higher in the ‘High’ group (7.7% versus 2.7%, p = 0.043). In addition, the rehospitalization rate within 1 year was 8.8% in the ‘Low’ group, which was significantly lower than 19.0% in the ‘High’ group ( p = 0.016). Conclusion: Among nondiabetic patients presenting with STEMI, the severity of CAD was higher in those with HbA1c level >5.8%; 1-year mortality and hospital readmission rates were also higher in this group of patients.