bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
American Politics: “Broken” Since 1885
Authors: Connelly William F. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract:Woodrow Wilson, along with progressive intellectuals and reformers, bears significant responsibility for the decline of trust in government today. Wilson may have eclipsed James Madison in theory and practice, thereby contributing to the decline of trust in government. The criticism today of our politics as “dysfunctional” is, in large part, an echo of Wilson’s criticism of Madison’s Constitution. Today’s concerns about accountability, permanent politics, gridlock, special interests and petty partisanship reflect Wilson’s critique. In turn, Wilson has powerfully influenced the practice of our politics by providing the template for generations of political reformers. Today’s “dysfunction” is exacerbated by constitutionally inappropriate progressive reforms which have produced unintended consequences because reformers failed to appreciate Madison’s complex constitutional context. A century of progressive reforms have augmented dysfunction and distrust.
Safety and pharmacokinetics of a kinin B1 receptor peptide agonist produced with different counter-ions
Authors: Savard Martin , Côté Jérôme , Tremblay Luc , Neugebauer Witold , Regoli Domenico , Gariépy Sébastien , Hébert Nathalie , Gobeil Fernand 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Several studies have shown the potential therapeutic utility of kinin B1 receptor (B1R) peptide agonists in neurological and ischemic cardiovascular diseases and brain cancer. Preclinical safety studies are a prerequisite for further drug development. The objectives of this study were to determine the acute toxicity and pharmacokinetics of the peptide B1R agonist, SarLys[dPhe8]desArg9-bradykinin (NG29), as trifluoroacetate (TFacetate) or acetate salt form, following intravenous injection in rats. A maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of NG29-TFacetate was established at 75 mg/kg from the results of a dose range-finding study (up to 200 mg/kg). The short-term (4-day) repeat-dose toxicity study of NG29, using its MTD value, showed that NG29-acetate exhibited minimal non-adverse clinical pathology changes in hematology, coagulation, clinical chemistry and urine parameters and severe kidney histopathological changes characterized by renal tubular degeneration. No such effects were observed with NG29-TFacetate. At the injection site, NG29-TFacetate was considered to be more locally irritating when compared to the acetate form. The extent of exposure and half-life values of NG29-TFacetate were comparable to the acetate form (AUC0–α of 10.2 mg/l*h vs. 9.9 mg/l*h; T1/2 of 2.3 h vs. 2.4 h). This study shows that in rats NG29-TFacetate exhibits a superior tolerability profile compared with the peptide acetate form.
The contribution of the health management studies program to the professional status of graduates
Authors: Haller-Hayon Orit , Korn Liat , Magnezi Racheli 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Background:
This study examines the contribution of the Health Management Bachelor’s degree program at an Israeli university to the professional development of its graduates. The aims of this study were: To examine the perceived gaps between acquired knowledge and required knowledge within the workforce; To explore the potential changes in the graduates’ occupation conditions or professional status following their studies; To test the contribution of the curricula content studied by the graduates to their understanding, knowledge and integration within the healthcare system; and to examine the graduates perceptions towards required content, that should be added to the curricula.

Methods:
A structured, self-reported questionnaire was administered to 182 Health Management Department individuals whom have graduated from the Bachelors program between the years 2005 and 2009.

Results:
The majority of the graduates reported the existance of a knowledge gap (greater among males, young and single than among females, older and married graduates). Most of the courses which were ranked as the lowest contributing ones were related to Management (e.g. Mathematics for Social Sciences, Accounting Fundamentals, Finance Theory), while the graduates recommended the inclusion of additional components to the curricula.

Conclusions:
The study demonstrates that a perceived gap exists between the acquired and the required knowledge of the Health Management Studies graduates. Various changes have been reported by the graduates (such as wage raise and role changes), following their study completion, suggesting that the program has partially contributed to their professional status. A ‘Learning by Sharing’ forum of academic staff, employers and graduates is recommended.
Studying physician-adolescent patient communication in community-based practices: recruitment challenges and solutions
Authors: Bodner Michael E. , Bilheimer Alicia , Gao Xiaomei , Lyna Pauline , Alexander Stewart C. , Dolor Rowena J. , Østbye Truls , Bravender Terrill , Tulsky James A. , Graves Sidney , Irons Alexis , Pollak Kathryn I. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Background:
Practice-based studies are needed to assess how physicians communicate health messages about weight to overweight/obese adolescent patients, but successful recruitment to such studies is challenging. This paper describes challenges, solutions, and lessons learned to recruit physicians and adolescents to the Teen Communicating Health Analyzing Talk (CHAT) study, a randomized controlled trial of a communication skills intervention for primary care physicians to enhance communication about weight with overweight/obese adolescents.

Materials and methods:
A “peer-to-peer” approach was used to recruit physicians, including the use of “clinic champions” who liaised between study leaders and physicians. Consistent rapport and cooperative working relationships with physicians and clinic staff were developed and maintained. Adolescent clinic files were reviewed (HIPAA waiver) to assess eligibility. Parents could elect to opt-out for their children. To encourage enrollment, confidentiality of audio recordings was emphasized, and financial incentives were offered to all participants.

Results:
We recruited 49 physicians and audio-recorded 391 of their overweight/obese adolescents’ visits. Recruitment challenges included 1) physician reticence to participate; 2) variability in clinic operating procedures; 3) variability in adolescent accrual rates; 4) clinic open access scheduling; and 5) establishing communication with parents and adolescents. Key solutions included the use of a “clinic champion” to help recruit physicians, pro-active, consistent communication with clinic staff, and adapting calling times to reach parents and adolescents.

Conclusion:
Recruiting physicians and adolescents to audio-recorded, practice-based health communication studies can be successful. Anticipated challenges to recruiting can be met with advanced planning; however, optimal solutions to challenges evolve as recruitment progresses.
Levels of bioactive lipids in cooking oils: olive oil is the richest source of oleoyl serine
Authors: Bradshaw Heather B. , Leishman Emma 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Background: Rates of osteoporosis are significantly lower in regions of the world where olive oil consumption is a dietary cornerstone. Olive oil may represent a source of oleoyl serine (OS), which showed efficacy in animal models of osteoporosis. Here, we tested the hypothesis that OS as well as structurally analogous N-acyl amide and 2-acyl glycerol lipids are present in the following cooking oils: olive, walnut, canola, high heat canola, peanut, safflower, sesame, toasted sesame, grape seed, and smart balance omega.

Methods: Methanolic lipid extracts from each of the cooking oils were partially purified on C-18 solid-phase extraction columns. Extracts were analyzed with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and 33 lipids were measured in each sample, including OS and bioactive analogs.

Results: Of the oils screened here, walnut oil had the highest number of lipids detected (22/33). Olive oil had the second highest number of lipids detected (20/33), whereas grape-seed and high-heat canola oil were tied for lowest number of detected lipids (6/33). OS was detected in 8 of the 10 oils tested and the levels were highest in olive oil, suggesting that there is something about the olive plant that enriches this lipid.

Conclusions: Cooking oils contain varying levels of bioactive lipids from the N-acyl amide and 2-acyl glycerol families. Olive oil is a dietary source of OS, which may contribute to lowered prevalence of osteoporosis in countries with high consumption of this oil.
Vitamin D status in perinatally HIV-infected Thai children receiving antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Aurpibul Linda , Sricharoenchai Sirintip , Wittawatmongkol Orasri , Sirisanthana Virat , Phongsamart Wanatpreeya , Sudjaritruk Tavitiya , Chokephaibulkit Kulkanya 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLow vitamin D level is associated with adverse health outcomes and compromises HIV treatment response. We assess vitamin D status in HIV-infected Thai children receiving combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).A cross-sectional study in perinatally HIV-infected children. Vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D insufficiency were defined as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level <20, and 21–29 ng/mL, respectively.Eighty participants were enrolled. Their median age was 12.2 years. The median CD4 lymphocyte count was 784 cell/mm3; 95% had HIV RNA <50 copies/mL. The median (interquartile range, IQR) 25-OHD level was 33.5 (26.2–39.8) ng/mL. Thirty-four (43%) participants had low vitamin D level; 26 (33%) and 8 (10%) had vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, respectively. In multivariate analysis, only geographic location was significantly associated with low vitamin D level.Most of perinatally HIV-infected children receiving cART had low vitamin D level. Calcium and vitamin D supplement might be beneficial.
Odontoiatric perspectives and osteonecrosis of the jaw as a possible adverse effect of bisphosphonates therapy in fibrous dysplasia and McCune-Albright syndrome
Authors: Tessaris Daniele , Matarazzo Patrizia , Lala Roberto , Defabianis Patrizia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMcCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is characterized by the triad of polyostotic bone fibrous dysplasia (PFD), endocrine disorders, and café-au-lait skin pigmentation. Ninety percent of MAS patients have fibrous dysplasia (FD) craniofacial lesions. Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) has been described as an adverse side effect of bisphosphonate therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate evidence of clinical and/or radiological signs of ONJ in FD/MAS pediatric patients due to bisphosphonate therapy and describe odontoiatric tools in this population.Thirteen FD/MAS patients were enrolled. All patients during pediatric age have been treated with pamidronate infusions. They underwent complete oral clinical examination. Ortopantomography and/or CT were evaluated in all cases.No patient developed ONJ. None of them showed radiological signs different from jaw FD. In spite of the low number of patients enrolled, results confirm that, in this population, ONJ can be ruled out as a chronic adverse side effect of bisphosphonate therapy.
Nudging Global Poverty Alleviation?
Authors: Krishnamurthy Meena 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
There is a growing body of work illustrating that we can motivate individuals to donate more to charities by nudging them through various behavioral techniques. Yet, there is very little discussion of whether we should motivate individuals by using these types of techniques. In this paper, I explore this under-examined matter. I begin by surveying the various ways in which individuals can be nudged to donate to charity. I then consider whether we should nudge people in these ways. I explore this matter by considering whether nudging interferes with an individual’s autonomy and, if it does, whether this is morally impermissible. I argue that, in some cases, nudging will interfere with an individual’s autonomy. I spell out which cases these are. I then argue that whether interfering with an individual’s autonomy through nudging, as a means of alleviating poverty (and, in turn, promoting human rights), is impermissible will depend on whether we have perfect or imperfect duties to aid the poor. I close by suggesting that, at least for the time being, the moral permissibility of nudging poverty alleviation is indeterminate.
Uninstantiability
Authors: Deely John 
Published: November 2015

AbstractJohn Poinsot (1589–1644), aka Joannes a Sancto Thoma, was the first of St Thomas’ followers among the Latins to demonstrate that the origins of animal knowledge in sensation is already – from the first – a matter of the action of signs. This action, “semiosis,” results in the formation of an irreducibly triadic relation apart from which there is no awareness at all on the part of animals. At the level of internal sense, and then again at the level of intellect (the two having in common dependency upon concept-formation in order to interpret the data provided by sensation), Poinsot shows how the concept serves to make objects known only by serving as the foundation for relations which, exactly as those in sensation, exhibit an irreducibly triadic character, with only this difference: that, whereas the triadic relations of sensation are directly founded upon or “provenate from” species impressa (stimulation of sense powers in bodily interaction with the surroundings) determining the external sense powers, the triadic relations of perceptual and intellectual awareness have as their immediate foundations or “sources of provenation” species expressae (“ideas” or concepts) actively formed by the cognitive powers of memory, imagination, estimation, and intellect. Being relations, all of these triadic relations exhibit no direct instantiation as signate matter, and it is this which makes them only indirectly knowable to sense powers. Intellect, by contrast, in being able to know relations precisely in their difference from related objects and things, manifests the species-specific distinctness of human animals in being able to construct and to know and to communicate about objects – beginning with relations – which admit of no direct sensory instantiation. The purpose of this paper is to show how the ability of the human mind to consider objects which admit of no direct instantiation in sense perception is what distinguishes the human being as “semiotic animal” from what the Latins identified as “brute animals,” not because brutes (the “alloanimals,” to use a term from late modern anthropology) are not “rational” in the modern sense of being able creatively to work through problems (indeed they are rational in this sense!), but because human animals are not confined to the consideration of objects as perceptually instantiable.
Screening of three ERBB4 gene polymorphisms in a group of Turkish schizophrenia patients and controls / ERBB4 genindeki üç polimorfizmin bir Türk şizofreni hasta grubunda ve kontrollerde taranması
Authors: Sözen Mustafa Mert , Kartalcı Şükrü 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Objective: The human ERBB4 gene (v-erb-a erithroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homology 4) codes for the ErbB4 receptor protein. One of the ligands of ErbB4 receptor is Neuregulin-1 and it is coded by NRG1 gene which is reported to be a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. Since ErbB4 receptor is activated by binding of Neuregulin-1, ERBB4 gene is thought to be involved in development of schizophrenia (SZ) as well. Even though several association, expression and animal studies supported this idea and resulted with association between the disease and several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the ERBB4 gene, independent studies done in different populations did not replicate that result. In the present study we aimed to get clues about involvement of three ERBB4 SNPs -which were found to be associated with schizophrenia in some other populations- in development of schizophrenia in a group of Turkish patients.
Methods: We screened 3 SNPs (rs707284, rs7598440 and rs839523) in a group of Turkish schizophrenia patients and a matched control group from Malatya-Turkey to test the presence of such an association. For SNP genotyping, we used a real-time PCR based method and we evaluated the results with chi-square test. We have analyzed the haplotypes constituted by those three SNPs for multiple locus associations as well as analyzing each for single SNP associations.
Results: After SNP genotyping and statistical tests comparing our case and control groups for allele, genotype and haplotype distributions, there was no significant difference between those two groups for three SNPs we screened.
Conclusion: We were not able to find a significant evidence for presence of an association between three SNPs located in the ERBB4 gene and schizophrenia in our patients.
Genotoxicity studies of tetrahydro-naphthalenebenzimidazole/ thiazolidinedione as retinoid derivatives / Tetrahidro-naftalen-benzimidazol/tiyazolidindion retinoid türevlerinin genotoksisitesi
Authors: Doğan Tuğba Somay , Durusoy Mübeccel , Ateş-Alagöz Zeynep , Büyükbingöl Erdem 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Objective: Mutagenicity is an undesirable side effect of clinically prescribed drugs, thus raises the question of their potential carcinogenicity. Taking into account that nitro compounds are known for their genotoxicity, it will be considerable interest to assess the genotoxic activities of the benzimidazole/thiazolidinedione retinoid derivatives. For this reason, the present study reports the genotoxicity of previously synthesized benzimidazole/ thiazolidinedione-retinoid derivatives (Ates-Alagoz and Buyukbingol, 2001; Ates-Alagoz et. al., 2009) by the umu-microplate test system.
Methods: In this study, since this derivates involve nitro groups, makes advantageous the use of the umu-test, using NM2009 and NM1011 strains especially designed for detecting the mutagenicity of nitro compounds. Two bacterial strains Salmonella typhimurium NM1011 and S. typhimurium NM2009, expressing high levels of nitroreductase (NR) and O-acetyltransferase (O-AT) respectively, were used in the tests. Chlorophenol red-β-D-galactopyranoside (CPRG), O-nitrophenyl- β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) were used as substrate in the enzyme assays along with a well-known genotoxic nitro compound, 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO), as the positive control in the test.
Results: Benzimidazole/ thiazolidinedione-retinoids that contain NO2 group with different position on benzene ring showed no genotoxicity in both strains with both substrates. However, using CPRG as the colorimetric substrate resulted in stronger activity than using ONPG in test conducted in both strains with all compounds. Although the β-galactosidase activities with using CPRG were three fold higher than ONPG, parallel results were obtained for both substrates and strains with all compounds tested. For all compounds, the induction of umuC gene expression was found to be almost the same for the strains that overexpress nitroreductase and O-acetyltransferase.
Conclusion: None of the derivatives showed genotoxic effects, a very important data, making them a potential drug candidate.
New intermetallic phases in the Cu–Li–Sn system: the lithium-rich phases Li3CuSn and Li6Cu2Sn3
Authors: Fürtauer Siegfried , Effenberger Herta S. , Flandorfer Hans 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The Li-rich ternary intermetallic compounds with the idealized end-member compositions Li3CuSn (CSD-427099) and Li6Cu2Sn3 (CSD-427100) were synthesized from the pure elements by induction melting in Ta crucibles and annealing at 400°C. Both powder and single-crystal XRD investigations were performed. Li3CuSn crystallizes in space group P6/mmm [a=4.5769(2), c=8.461(2) Å; wR
2=0.073 for 180 unique F2-values and 25 free variables]. All atoms are located along [00z], [1/3 2/3 z] and [2/3 1/3 z]; individual sites are arranged in layers parallel to (00.1). One site is fully, one partially occupied by Sn atoms. Fully but mixed occupation with Cu and Li atoms was found for one site. The remaining electron-density distribution resulting from the strong anisotropic displacement parallel to the
c
axis is considered in four further sites, which are mixed occupied with (Li, Cu, □), but modelled solely by Li atoms. The crystal structure exhibits analogies with that of Li2CuSn (F4̅3m); comparable layers occur parallel to {111} but the stacking sequence and packing density differs adopting cubic symmetry. In Li6Cu2Sn3 [space group R3̅2/m, a=4.5900(2), c=30.910(6) Å; wR
2=0.039 for 253 unique F2-values for 25 free variables] all atoms are arranged again at (00z), (1/3 2/3 z) and (2/3 1/3 z). Three sites are fully occupied (two by Sn atoms, a further one by Li atoms). Three additional positions are mixed occupied by Cu and Li atoms. The crystal structure is closely related to that of the binary phases Li13Sn5 and Li5Sn2; the substitution of Li by Cu atoms and vice versa is evident. The structural relationship to Li13Ag5Si6, which is permeable for Li ions, makes the title compound interesting as anode material in Li-ion batteries.
Competing Mechanisms of Gamma and Beta Oscillations in the Olfactory Bulb Based on Multimodal Inhibition of Mitral Cells Over a Respiratory Cycle
Authors: David François , Courtiol Emmanuelle , Buonviso Nathalie , Fourcaud-Trocmé Nicolas 
Published: November 2015

Gamma (∼40-90 Hz) and beta (∼15-40 Hz) oscillations and their associated neuronal assemblies are key features of neuronal sensory processing. However, the mechanisms involved in either their interaction and/or the switch between these different regimes in most sensory systems remain misunderstood. Based onin vivorecordings and biophysical modeling of the mammalian olfactory bulb (OB), we propose a general scheme where OB internal dynamics can sustain two distinct dynamic states, each dominated by either a gamma or a beta regime. The occurrence of each regime depends on the excitability level of granule cells, the main OB interneurons. Using this model framework, we demonstrate how the balance between sensory and centrifugal input can control the switch between the two oscillatory dynamic states. In parallel, we experimentally observed that sensory and centrifugal inputs to the rat OB could both be modulated by the respiration of the animal (2-12 Hz) and each one phase shifted with the other. Implementing this phase shift in our model resulted in the appearance of the alternation between gamma and beta rhythms within a single respiratory cycle, as in our experimental results under urethane anesthesia. Our theoretical framework can also account for the oscillatory frequency response, depending on the odor intensity, the odor valence, and the animal sniffing strategy observed under various conditions including animal freely-moving. Importantly, the results of the present model can form a basis to understand how fast rhythms could be controlled by the slower sensory and centrifugal modulations linked to the respiration.Visual Abstract: See Abstract