bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antecedents of Maternal Sensitivity During Distressing Tasks: Integrating Attachment, Social Information Processing, and Psychobiological Perspectives
Authors: Leerkes Esther M. , Supple Andrew J. , O'Brien Marion , Calkins Susan D. , Haltigan John D. , Wong Maria S. , Fortuna Keren 
Published: September 2014

Predictors of maternal sensitivity to infant distress were examined among 259 primiparous mothers. The Adult Attachment Interview, self‐reports of personality and emotional functioning, and measures of physiological, emotional, and cognitive responses to videotapes of crying infants were administered prenatally. Maternal sensitivity was observed during three distress‐eliciting tasks when infants were 6 months old. Coherence of mind was directly associated with higher maternal sensitivity to distress. Mothers' heightened emotional risk was indirectly associated with lower sensitivity via mothers' self‐focused and negative processing of infant cry cues. Likewise, high physiological arousal accompanied by poor physiological regulation in response to infant crying was indirectly associated with lower maternal sensitivity to distress through mothers' self‐focused and negative processing of infant cry cues.
Is Helicobacter Pylori infection inversely associated with atopy? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Taye B. , Enquselassie F. , Tsegaye A. , Medhin G. , Davey G. , Venn A. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryBackgroundThe role Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) infection plays in the aetiology of atopy remains unclear, although a possible protective role has been hypothesized.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to undertake a systematic review and meta‐analysis of epidemiological studies to quantify the association between H. pylori infection and atopy.MethodsA comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE/PUBMED and EMBASE (up to August 2013) was carried out to identify all observational epidemiological studies (cross‐sectional, cohort and case–control) published in English that evaluated the association between H. pylori infection and objectively measured atopy (measured by allergen skin tests or specific IgE). The quality of included studies was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were performed to obtain pooled estimates of effect.ResultsTwenty‐two observational studies involving 21 348 participants were identified as eligible for inclusion in the review, of which 16 were included in the meta‐analysis. H. pylori infection was associated with a significantly reduced odds of atopy (pooled odds ratio (OR) 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73 – 0.91; P < 0.01). Subgroup analysis according to atopy definition revealed a slightly greater protective effect for atopy defined as raised allergen‐specific IgE (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.62 – 0.92; P < 0.01; seven studies). Findings did not differ according to the population age (adult or children), methodological quality or study design.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceEvidence from epidemiological studies suggests that H. pylori infection is associated with an estimated 18% reduction in odds of atopy. If the observed association is causal, more insights into the underlying mechanisms could provide clues to possible therapeutic opportunities in allergic disease.
Neonatal brain injury and systemic inflammation: modulation by activated protein C ex vivo
Authors: Eliwan H O , Watson R W G , Aslam S , Regan I , Philbin B , O'Hare F M , O'Neill A , Preston R , Blanco A , Grant T , Nolan B , Smith O , Molloy E J 
Published: September 2014

Summary
Infection and inflammation can be antecedents of neonatal encephalopathy (NE) and increase the risk of neurological sequelae. Activated protein C (APC) has anti-coagulant and anti-inflammatory effects and provides neuroprotection in brain and spinal cord injury. We examined neutrophil and monocyte responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in infants with NE compared with healthy adult and neonatal controls, and also studied the effect of APC. Whole blood was incubated with LPS and APC and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 (LPS recognition), CD11b expression (activation) and intracellular reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI; function) release from neutrophils and monocytes was examined by flow cytometry serially from days 1 to 7. We found a significant increase in neutrophil ROI in infants with NE on day 3 following LPS compared to neonatal controls and this augmented response was reduced significantly by APC. Neutrophil and monocyte CD11b expression was increased significantly on day 1 in infants with NE compared to neonatal controls. LPS-induced neutrophil TLR-4 expression was increased significantly in infants with NE on days 3 and 7 and was reduced by APC. LPS-induced monocyte TLR-4 was increased significantly in infants with NE on day 7. Neutrophil and monocyte activation and production of ROIs may mediate tissue damage in infants with NE. APC modified LPS responses in infants with NE. APC may reduce the inflammatory responses in NE and may ameliorate multi-organ dysfunction. Further study of the immunomodulatory effects of protein C may be warranted using mutant forms with decreased bleeding potential.
“Overlapping Memberships”: Interactive Multicultural Theory Meets Chalcedonian Christology
Authors: Hesslein Kayko Driedger 
Published: September 2014

AbstractChalcedonian Christology defines the relationship between the two natures of Christ as “truly God and truly human” but does not explain how the radically different natures interact with one another. Multicultural theory's model of interactive pluralism proposes that differences engage through “overlapping memberships.” Applying this model to the incarnation pushes beyond the limits of Chalcedon to suggest a Christology in which both immanence and transcendence mutually and equally constitute the one person of Christ.
Solus Christus within Empire: Christology in the Face of Violence against Women
Authors: Streufert Mary J. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWhen seen as the theocentric political confession it is, the confession “only Christ” is possible and meaningful for victim/survivors of violence against women. To confess only Christ undoes what is “required” in an empire of violence against women and is the recognition that Jesus Christ embraces our bodies, all of them. Moreover, this confession changes the body's response—individual and communal—to violence in an empire of violence against women.
Not so sweet: autoimmune diabetes mellitus on triple therapy for chronic hepatitis C infection
Authors: Blanchard E. , Vickers C. R. , Samaras K. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundTriple therapy with pegylated interferon, ribavirin and a protease inhibitor has proven efficacy in hepatitis C infection and is currently the standard of care. Interferon‐based therapies have been, rarely, associated with the development of Type 1 diabetes mellitus, but few cases have yet been reported in triple therapy for hepatitis C.Case reportWe describe a case of autoimmune Type 1 diabetes developing in a 23‐year‐old woman after initiation of triple therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection. The patient had the IL‐28B gene polymorphism rs12979860 CT genotype, which is associated not only with antiviral therapy response but also with diabetes risk after liver transplantation for hepatitis C.ConclusionFurther studies are required to determine which individual characteristics may identify patients who are at risk of developing Type 1 diabetes when treated with interferon‐based regimens for hepatitis C infection.
Factors that drive insulin‐dosing decisions of diabetes care providers: a vignette‐based study in the Netherlands
Authors: Simon A. C. R. , Schopman J. E. , Hoekstra J. B. L. , Abu‐Hanna A. , Gerdes V. E. A. , Peek N. , Holleman F. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAimTo test how certain patient factors would influence the decision of Dutch care providers regarding insulin dose adjustments. We hypothesize that some of these decisions would diverge from recent evidence and consensus statements.MethodsWe developed narrative vignettes describing clinical scenarios of patients receiving basal insulin therapy. For each vignette, the respondents were asked to indicate whether they would advise a change in insulin dose. A total of 520 paper questionnaires were distributed among physicians and nurses in primary and secondary care in the Netherlands. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with dosing decisions.ResultsA total of 190 (37%) questionnaires were returned. In cases of a severe rather than mild hypoglycaemic event, care providers were nearly five times more likely to decrease the dose (odds ratio 4.77, 95% CI 1.65–13.75). Care providers were six times more likely to increase the dose when the patient's current dose was low (30 units) rather than high (90 units) (odds ratio 6.38, 95% CI 3.04–13.37). The plasma glucose concentration during a hypoglycaemic event and a known history of cardiovascular disease did not influence the care providers' dosing decisions.ConclusionEvidence regarding the optimum insulin titration is not always translated into clinical practice. When formulating guidelines, misconceptions should be identified and addressed.
HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α induce angiogenesis and improve muscle energy recovery
Authors: Niemi Henna , Honkonen Krista , Korpisalo Petra , Huusko Jenni , Kansanen Emilia , Merentie Mari , Rissanen Tuomas T. , André Helder , Pereira Teresa , Poellinger Lorenz , Alitalo Kari , Ylä‐Herttuala Seppo 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundCardiovascular patients suffer from reduced blood flow leading to ischaemia and impaired tissue metabolism. Unfortunately, an increasing group of elderly patients cannot be treated with current revascularization methods. Thus, new treatment strategies are urgently needed. Hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) upregulate the expression of angiogenic mediators together with genes involved in energy metabolism and recovery of ischaemic tissues. Especially, HIF‐2α is a novel factor, and only limited information is available about its therapeutic potential.MethodsGene transfers with adenoviral HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α were performed into the mouse heart and rabbit ischaemic hindlimbs. Angiogenesis was evaluated by histology. Left ventricle function was analysed with echocardiography. Perfusion in rabbit skeletal muscles and energy recovery after electrical stimulation‐induced exercise were measured with ultrasound and 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P‐MRS), respectively.ResultsHIF‐1α and HIF‐2α gene transfers increased capillary size up to fivefold in myocardium and ischaemic skeletal muscles. Perfusion in skeletal muscles was increased by fourfold without oedema. Especially, AdHIF‐1α enhanced the recovery of ischaemic muscles from electrical stimulation‐induced energy depletion. Special characteristic of HIF‐2α gene transfer was a strong capillary growth in muscle connective tissue and that HIF‐2α gene transfer maintained left ventricle function.ConclusionsWe conclude that both AdHIF‐1α and AdHIF‐2α gene transfers induced beneficial angiogenesis in vivo. Transient moderate increases in angiogenesis improved energy recovery after exercise in ischaemic muscles. This study shows for the first time that a moderate increase in angiogenesis is enough to improve tissue energy metabolism, which is potentially a very useful feature for cardiovascular gene therapy.
Transition for patients with epilepsy due to metabolic and mitochondrial disorders
Authors: Kossoff Eric H. , Veggiotti Pierangelo , Genton Pierre , Desguerre Isabelle 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe transition of adolescents with refractory epilepsy to the care of adult neurologists can be challenging. For those patients with epilepsy due to mitochondrial disorders, Lafora disease, Unverricht‐Lundborg disease, and GLUT1 deficiency syndrome, a successful transition can be even more problematic for both caregivers and neurologists. Many of these patients require dietary treatments (ketogenic and modified Atkins diets) for long‐term management of their epilepsy. For these patients, coordinating transfer of their dietary management is necessary.
Transition in adulthood: The challenge of epilepsies
Authors: Nabbout Rima , Camfield Peter 
Published: September 2014

SummaryTransfer and transition for children with epilepsy to adult care is challenging because of the variety of epilepsies and of multiple comorbidities. We held an international closed symposium with 48 experts and initiated an international effort to improve transition and offer to our patients with lifelong disease a successful transfer of care.
Psychosocial long‐term outcome in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Holtkamp Martin , Senf Philine , Kirschbaum Andrea , Janz Dieter 
Published: September 2014

SummaryPurposeJuvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a well‐defined subsyndrome of idiopathic generalized/genetic epilepsy. It is allegedly related to specific personality characteristics and has been associated with unfavorable social outcome. We aimed to analyze psychosocial outcome in patients with JME. To delineate consequences of the chronic seizure disorder from possible neurobiologic contributions being inherent to the condition itself, we compared social outcome in JME subjects with that of age‐ and sex‐matched control patients with absence epilepsy (AE).MethodsPatients with an epilepsy course of at least 20 years were included. All JME and AE patients (n = 41 in each group) answered a structured questionnaire asking about seizures, treatment, and psychosocial variables. In addition, patients with JME were assessed with the Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory 31 (QOLIE‐31).ResultsIn JME, 46.3 years (20–69) after onset of epilepsy, the overall psychosocial long‐term outcome was favorable (80.5% of patients had never been unemployed for more than 1 year, 90.2% were well integrated into social context). Quality of life in all inquired subdomains revealed high scores. Compared with AE controls, JME patients did not perform worse regarding psychosocial outcome; rate of university access and degrees in JME patients was even higher (70% vs. 34%, p = 0.001). JME patients showed a high level of quality of life, and current or previous psychiatric comorbidity was associated significantly with lower overall quality of life scores (p = 0.02).SignificanceOur long‐term study on JME patients demonstrated favorable psychosocial outcome that contrasted previous findings. This is the first study to compare social outcome in JME with another genetically determined form of epilepsy. Similar outcomes in JME and AE patients argue against specific neurobiologic alterations in JME that may predispose to social deficits. In JME, reduced quality of life seems to be associated with psychiatric comorbidity.
Insertion of a 59 amino acid peptide in Salmonella Typhimurium membrane results in loss of virulence in mice
Authors: Porta Amalia , Morello Silvana , Granata Ilaria , Iannone Raffaella , Maresca Bruno 
Published: September 2014

We demonstrated previously that expression of a single trans‐membrane region of the Δ12‐desaturase gene of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Salmonella Typhimurium) altered the membrane physical state of this pathogen, induced a significant change in the pattern of mRNA transcription of major heat shock genes, and inhibited pathogen growth inside murine macrophages. In this study, we demonstrate that injection of the modified Salmonella strain [Stm(pBAD200)] into C57Bl6j mice is safe. Survival of mice was associated with bacterial clearance, an increased number of splenic leukocytes, and high levels of interleukin–12, interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α in spleens as well as in sera. Furthermore, Stm(pBAD200)‐injected mice developed a Salmonella‐specific antibody and Th1‐like responses. Mice challenged with Stm(pBAD200) are protected from systemic infection with Salmonella wild‐type. Similarly, mice infected with Stm(pBAD200) by the oral route survived when challenged with an oral lethal dose of Salmonella wild‐type. The avirulent Stm(pBAD200) phenotype is associated with a remarkable change in the expression of the hilC, hilD, hilA, invF and phoP genes, among others, whose products are required for invasion and replication of Salmonella inside phagocytic cells. These data demonstrate the use of trans‐membrane peptides to generate attenuated strains, providing a potential novel strategy to develop vaccines for both animal and human use.
A review of global potentially available cropland estimates and their consequences for model‐based assessments
Authors: Eitelberg David A. , van Vliet Jasper , Verburg Peter H. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe world's population is growing and demand for food, feed, fiber, and fuel is increasing, placing greater demand on land and its resources for crop production. We review previously published estimates of global scale cropland availability, discuss the underlying assumptions that lead to differences between estimates, and illustrate the consequences of applying different estimates in model‐based assessments of land‐use change. The review estimates a range from 1552 to 5131 Mha, which includes 1550 Mha that is already cropland. Hence, the lowest estimates indicate that there is almost no room for cropland expansion, while the highest estimates indicate that cropland could potentially expand to over three times its current area. Differences can largely be attributed to institutional assumptions, i.e. which land covers/uses (e.g. forests or grasslands) are societally or governmentally allowed to convert to cropland, while there was little variation in biophysical assumptions. Estimates based on comparable assumptions showed a variation of up to 84%, which originated mainly from different underlying data sources. On the basis of this synthesis of the assumptions underlying these estimates, we constructed a high, a medium, and a low estimate of cropland availability that are representative of the range of estimates in the reviewed studies. We apply these estimates in a land‐change model to illustrate the consequences on cropland expansion and intensification as well as deforestation. While uncertainty in cropland availability is hardly addressed in global land‐use change assessments, the results indicate a large range of estimates with important consequences for model‐based assessments.
Failure of productive infection of Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) with H16 subtype of avian influenza viruses
Authors: Fereidouni Sasan R. , Harder Timm C. , Globig Anja , Starick Elke 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundMallard ducks and other waterfowl represent the most important reservoirs of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV). In addition, mallards are the most abundant duck species in Eurasia that migrate over long distances. Despite extended wild bird monitoring studies over the past decade in many Eurasian countries and investigating hundreds of thousands of wild bird samples, no mallard duck was found to be positive for avian influenza virus of subtype H16 in faecal, cloacal or oropharyngeal samples. Just three cases of H16 infections in Anseriformes species were described worldwide. In contrast, H16 viruses have been repeatedly isolated from birds of the Laridae family.ObjectiveHere, we tested the hypothesis that mallards are less permissive to infection with H16 viruses.MethodsGroups of mallard ducks of different age were inoculated via the oculo‐nasal‐oral route with different infectious doses of an H16N3 AIV.ResultsThe ducks did not show any clinical symptoms, and no virus shedding was evident from cloacal and respiratory routes after experimental infection as shown by negative RT‐qPCR results. In addition, all serum samples taken on days 8, 21 and 24 post‐inoculation were negative by competitive NP‐ELISA.ConclusionsThis study provided evidence that mallards are resistant to infection with H16N3 LPAIV.
Cloning and characterization of a serotonin N‐acetyltransferase from a gymnosperm, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)
Authors: Park Sangkyu , Byeon Yeong , Lee Hyoung Yool , Kim Young‐Soon , Ahn Taeho , Back Kyoungwhan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSerotonin N‐acetyltransferase (SNAT) is the penultimate enzyme in melatonin biosynthesis in both animals and plants. SNAT catalyzes serotonin into N‐acetylserotonin, an immediate precursor for melatonin biosynthesis by N‐acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT). We cloned the SNAT gene from a gymnosperm loblolly pine (Pinus teada). The loblolly pine SNAT (PtSNAT) gene encodes 255 amino acids harboring a transit sequence with 67 amino acids and shows 67% amino acid identity with rice SNAT when comparing the mature polypeptide regions. Purified recombinant PtSNAT showed peak activity at 55°C with the Km (428 μm) and Vmax (3.9 nmol/min/mg protein) values. As predicted, PtSNAT localized to chloroplasts. The SNAT mRNA was constitutively expressed in all tissues, including leaf, bud, flower, and pinecone, whereas the corresponding protein was detected only in leaf. In accordance with the exclusive SNAT protein expression in leaf, melatonin was detected only in leaf at 0.45 ng per gram fresh weight. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the gymnosperm PtSNAT had high homology with SNATs from all plant phyla (even with cyanobacteria), and formed a clade separated from the angiosperm SNATs, suggestive of direct gene transfer from cyanobacteria via endosymbiosis.
Genetic uniformity and long‐distance clonal dispersal in the invasive androgeneticCorbiculaclams
Authors: Pigneur Lise‐Marie , Etoundi Emilie , Aldridge David C. , Marescaux Jonathan , Yasuda Nina , Van Doninck Karine 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe clam genusCorbiculais an interesting model system to study the evolution of reproductive modes as it includes both sexual and asexual (androgenetic) lineages. While the sexual populations are restricted to the native Asian areas, the androgenetic lineages are widely distributed being also found in America and Europe where they form a major aquatic invasive pest. We investigated the genetic diversity of native and invasiveCorbiculapopulations through a worldwide sampling. The use of mitochondrial and nuclear (microsatellite) markers revealed an extremely low diversity in the invasive populations with only four, undiversified, genetic lineages distributed across Europe and America. On the contrary, in the native populations, both sexual and androgenetic lineages exhibited much higher genetic diversity. Remarkably, the most abundant and widely distributed invasive forms, the so‐called form A and form R found in America and Europe respectively, are fixed for the same singleCOI(cytochrome c oxydase subunit I) haplotype and same multilocus genotype. This suggests that form R, observed in Europe since the 1980s, derived directly from form A found in America since the 1920s. In addition, this form shares alleles with some Japanese populations, indicating a Japanese origin for this invasive lineage. Finally, our study suggests that few androgeneticCorbiculaindividuals successfully invaded the non‐native range and then dispersed clonally. This is one striking case of genetic paradox raising the issue of invasive and evolutionary success of genetically undiversified populations.