bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship Between Insulin Resistance and Mean Platelet Volume in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Baldane Suleyman , Ipekci Suleyman Hilmi , Kebapcilar Aysegul 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Objectives: A few studies have investigated the relationship between mean platelet volume (MPV) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and in these studies the relationship between MPV and insulin resistance has not been analyzed. Our aim in this study was to compare MPV values of the pregnant women with or without GDM and evaluate the relationship between MPV and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in pregnant women.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and fourteen with GDM measurements being obtained before any dietary advice or therapy with insulin or hypoglycemic agents were given, and 76 with healthy pregnant women were included the study. Results: In the group with GDM, MPV value was found to be significantly higher than that of the control group (10.2 fl [8.0–12.2] vs. 9.9 fl [5.81–10.9], P = 0.004). HOMA-IR value was detected to be significantly higher in the group with GDM (2.46 [1.5–5.88] vs. 1.30 [0.17–2.92], P < 0.001). A positive correlation between MPV and HOMA-IR was found (r = 0.30, P = 0.002).
Conclusion: We have shown that MPV was significantly elevated in GDM patients when compared to healthy pregnant women. Furthermore, we found that there was a positive correlation between MPV and HOMA-IR.
Examining Job Satisfaction among Kentucky Head Principals Using the Rasch Rating Scale Model
Authors: Webb Xavier J. , Royal Kenneth D. , Nash John B. 
Published: August 2015

<p>Effective principals can impact student learning and other vital outcomes; thus, it is important to retain effective school leaders. This article examines the perceived sources of Kentucky principals’ satisfaction and dissatisfaction with their work and implications for policies and practices to increase principal retention. Survey research methods were used and Kentucky principals’ satisfaction with specified job facets was measured using the Rasch Rating Scale Model (RRSM). Data indicated that head principals sampled in Kentucky were generally dissatisfied with the amount of time spent on tasks that have nothing to do with their primary responsibility of improving student outcomes. </p>
Laura Z. Hobson and the Making of Gentleman's Agreement
Authors: Gordan Rachel 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Scholars of postwar American Jewish history have traditionally focused on highbrow texts in charting the shifting ways that “Jews,” as a category, has been defined and characterized. Including postwar middlebrow publications in our analysis offers a more comprehensive picture of the changing discursive representation of Jews during the twentieth century. Despite the fact that Gentleman's Agreement rarely receives more than a line or two of mention in scholarly accounts of postwar Jews, it is a text that ably demonstrates the power that popular novels wield in shaping cultural sensibilities. Hobson was not the only 1940s novelist to publish an anti-Semitism themed novel, and her connection to a larger body of such literature contributes to the value of Gentleman's Agreement. The novel's best-selling status (and its adaptation into an Academy Award-winning film) is what makes it exceptional among this genre. The making of Gentleman's Agreement, with all of the debate and opposition it aroused, indicated tectonic shifts within publishing circles and the wider American culture about how to treat the topic of Jews and anti-Semitism.
“The Kindling Breath of Another Mind”:
Authors: Shiffman Dan 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
I argue that Bread Givers and the broader body of Anzia Yezierska's writing gather a strong and persistent critique of how American education reinforces social stratifications, rather than engaging the lived experiences of students. Her fiction dramatizes students’ hope for acceptance and dialogue, and she reveals the currents of social containment that run against Progressive education's emphasis on democratic participation and tolerance of diversity. By depicting encounters with a variety of educators and learned people, Yezierska intimates an ideal educational environment in which students’ knowledge and experiences are essential and respected, and social and cultural hierarchies suspended. I suggest that the force of Yezierska's critique of American education, and more specifically the tensions within Progressive education, remains underappreciated because of the critical attention given to her personal relationship with John Dewey and because of the perception among some readers that she is more of an assimilationist than a social critic.
Potential for a large earthquake near Los Angeles inferred from the 2014 La Habra earthquake
Authors: Donnellan Andrea , Grant Ludwig Lisa , Parker Jay W. , Rundle John B. , Wang Jun , Pierce Marlon , Blewitt Geoffrey , Hensley Scott 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTectonic motion across the Los Angeles region is distributed across an intricate network of strike‐slip and thrust faults that will be released in destructive earthquakes similar to or larger than the 1933 M6.4 Long Beach and 1994 M6.7 Northridge events. Here we show that Los Angeles regional thrust, strike‐slip, and oblique faults are connected and move concurrently with measurable surface deformation, even in moderate magnitude earthquakes, as part of a fault system that accommodates north‐south shortening and westerly tectonic escape of northern Los Angeles. The 28 March 2014 M5.1 La Habra earthquake occurred on a northeast striking, northwest dipping left‐lateral oblique thrust fault northeast of Los Angeles. We present crustal deformation observation spanning the earthquake showing that concurrent deformation occurred on several structures in the shallow crust. The seismic moment of the earthquake is 82% of the total geodetic moment released. Slip within the unconsolidated upper sedimentary layer may reflect shallow release of accumulated strain on still‐locked deeper structures. A future M6.1–6.3 earthquake would account for the accumulated strain. Such an event could occur on any one or several of these faults, which may not have been identified by geologic surface mapping.
A 1400 year environmental magnetic record from varved sediments of Lake Xiaolongwan (Northeast China) reflecting natural and anthropogenic soil erosion
Authors: Su Youliang , Chu Guoqiang , Liu Qingsong , Jiang Zhaoxia , Gao Xing , Haberzettl Torsten 
Published: August 2015

AbstractLake sediments can provide high‐quality information about human activities. In this study, we investigate a sediment core from Lake Xiaolongwan using magnetic and geochemical methods. The dominant magnetic minerals of this sediment core are stable single domain (SSD) and superparamagnetic (SP) magnetite particles. The increasing amount of SP particles reflected by the rise of magnetic susceptibility and frequency dependent magnetic susceptibility since AD 1500 can be attributed to an increasing influx in pedogenic soil, which is related to a regional‐scale increase in the intensity of human activity in Northeastern China. This extends the timing of human activities, which is independent from climate changes and its effects on local ecosystems in Northeastern China significantly.
Stacking autocorrelograms to map Moho depth with high spatial resolution in southeastern Australia
Authors: Kennett B. L. N. , Saygin E. , Salmon M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCurrent estimates of Moho depth in southeastern Australia are based on sparse sampling. The results are augmented with 180 new Moho estimates constructed from spatial stacks of crustal P wave reflectivity derived from autocorrelograms at over 750 stations. The spatial stacks of reflectivity are constructed using a Gaussian with half width 0.5°. Picks of the base of crustal reflectivity are made with the aid of the previous Moho model, based on the sparser data, and knowledge of the variation in the character of the crust‐mantle boundary across the region. Good ties can be made to previous results from deep reflection profiling. The new information fills in many holes in coverage and provides a Moho map with closer ties to geological provinces. The procedure exploits the continuous records at the stations and just the vertical components and so can be applied to older data for which receiver function techniques cannot be used.
Evaporative cooling amplification of the entrainment velocity in radiatively driven stratocumulus
Authors: de Lozar Alberto , Mellado Juan Pedro 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEvaporative cooling monotonically increases as the thermodynamical properties of the inversion allow for more evaporation in shear‐free radiatively driven stratocumulus. However, the entrainment velocity can deviate from the evaporative cooling trend and even become insensitive to variations in the inversion properties. Here the efficiency of evaporative cooling at amplifying the entrainment velocity is quantified by means of direct numerical simulations of a cloud top mixing layer. We demonstrate that variations in the efficiency modulate the effect of evaporative cooling on entrainment, explaining the different trends. These variations are associated with the evaporation of droplets in cloud holes below the inversion point. The parametrization of the efficiency provides the evaporative amplification of the entrainment velocity as a function of a single parameter that characterizes the inversion. The resulting entrainment velocities match our experiments and previous measurements to within ±25%. The parametrization also predicts the transition to a broken‐cloud field consistently with observations.
Relativistic electron flux dropouts in the outer radiation belt associated with corotating interaction regions
Authors: Yuan C.‐J. , Zong Q.‐G. , Wan W.‐X. , Zhang H. , Du A.‐M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractUnderstanding how the relativistic electron fluxes drop out in the outer radiation belt under different conditions is of great importance. To investigate which mechanisms may affect the dropouts under different solar wind conditions, 1.5–6.0 MeV electron flux dropout events associated with 223 corotating interaction regions (CIRs) from 1994 to 2003 are studied using the observations of Solar, Anomalous, Magnetospheric Particle Explorer satellite. According to the superposed epoch analysis, it is found that high solar wind dynamic pressure with the peak median value of about 7 nPa is corresponding to the dropout of the median of the radiation belt content (RBC) index to 20% of the level before stream interface arrival, whereas low dynamic pressure with the peak median value of about 3 nPa is related to the dropout of the median of RBC index to 40% of the level before stream interface arrival. Furthermore, the influences of Russell‐McPherron effect with respect to interplanetary magnetic field orientation on dropouts are considered. It is pointed out that under positive Russell‐McPherron effect (+RM effect) condition, the median of RBC index can drop to 23% of the level before stream interface arrival, while for negative Russell‐McPherron effect (−RM effect) events, the median of RBC index only drops to 37% of the level before stream interface arrival. From the evolution of phase space density profiles, the effect of +RM on dropouts can be through nonadiabatic loss.
Sodium lidar‐observed gravity wave breaking followed by an upward propagation of sporadic sodium layer over Hefei, China
Authors: Ban Chao , Li Tao , Fang Xin , Dou Xiankang , Xiong Jiangang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe University of Science and Technology of China sodium temperature/wind lidar observed a strong zonal wind shear (~60 m/s/km) near 98 km between 1315 and 1330 UT on 29 July 2013 and a cooling near 96–100 km (above a warming near 90–95 km) between 1330 and 1430 UT. This suggests a possible gravity wave (GW) breaking event. Comparison of the lidar results with observations from a nearby meteor radar and with satellite results indicated that the GW likely broke down over a large horizontal area. In addition, the sodium number density suddenly increased 10–12 times (∼13, 000atm/cm3) near 95 km at 1400 UT, immediately following the GW breaking. This sporadic sodium layer (SSL), which is different from most previously observed SSL events (which propagate downward), tended to propagate upward and also appeared ~2 min earlier in the west channel than in the east channel. The horizontal propagation direction of the SSL was aligned with the horizontal wind direction, which was likely due to the propagation of a high‐density sodium layer from the northwest of the lidar site, and was possibly related to the earlier GW breaking event.
THEMIS observation of intermittent turbulence behind the quasi‐parallel and quasi‐perpendicular shocks
Authors: Macek W. M. , Wawrzaszek A. , Sibeck D. G. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTurbulence is complex behavior that is ubiquitous in nature, but its mechanism is still not sufficiently clear. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is analysis of intermittent turbulence in magnetospheric and solar wind plasmas using a statistical approach based on experimental data acquired from space missions. The quintet spacecraft of Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) allows us to investigate the details of turbulent plasma parameters behind the collisionless shocks. We investigate both the solar wind and magnetospheric data by using statistical probability distribution functions of Elsässer variables that can reveal the intermittent character of turbulence in space plasma. Our results suggest that turbulence behind the quasi‐perpendicular shock is more intermittent with larger kurtosis than that behind the quasi‐parallel shocks, which are immersed in a relatively quiet solar wind plasma, as confirmed by Wind measurements. It seems that behind the quasi‐perpendicular shock the waves propagating outward from the Sun are larger than possibly damped waves propagating inward. In particular, we hope that this difference in characteristic behavior of the fluctuating space plasma parameters behind both types of shocks can help identify complex plasma structures in the future space missions. We also expect that the results obtained in this paper will be important for general models of turbulence.
An investigation of the Arctic inversion using COSMIC RO observations
Authors: Ganeshan Manisha , Wu Dong L. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe stable temperature inversion over sea ice plays an important role in the surface climate of the Arctic Ocean through direct and indirect feedbacks. Although several studies have investigated Arctic inversion characteristics such as height, depth, and frequency, there are significant challenges for long‐term climate monitoring mainly due to limited sampling over the ocean and/or poor resolution of available observations. This study investigates the Arctic temperature inversion during the cold season using the high‐resolution refractivity profiles from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) radio occultation (RO). For the coldest and driest months in the Arctic, a reliable retrieval technique for boundary layer properties, such as inversion height and surface‐based inversion (SBI) frequency, is developed. We find that these variables have a strong negative relationship over the Arctic Ocean and are well correlated in the time and space domain. The spatial patterns show a minimum inversion height (maximum SBI frequency) over the ice‐covered Pacific sector of the ocean similar to that observed in past studies. Seasonal evolution of the inversion characteristics suggests a surface temperature control over the sea ice region, with the peak in SBI frequency occurring during the transition period from winter to spring. There is little diurnal variability in the mean inversion height during the cold season. Despite its limitations, the RO refractivity profile is found quite useful for monitoring the Arctic boundary layer, including interannual variability of inversion characteristics.
A 21st century northward tropical precipitation shift caused by future anthropogenic aerosol reductions
Authors: Allen Robert J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe tropical rain belt is a narrow band of clouds near the equator, where the most intense rainfall on the planet occurs. On seasonal timescales, the rain moves across the equator following the Sun, resulting in wet and dry seasons in the tropics. The position of the tropical rain belt also varies on longer timescales. Through the latter half of the twentieth century, for example, shifts in tropical rainfall have been associated with severe droughts, including the African Sahel and Amazon droughts. Here I show that climate models project a northward migration of the tropical rain belt through the 21st century, with future anthropogenic aerosol reductions driving the bulk of the shift. Models that include both aerosol indirect effects yield significantly larger northward shifts than models that lack aerosol indirect effects. Moreover, the rate of the shift corresponds to the rate of the decrease of anthropogenic aerosol emissions across different time periods and future emission scenarios. This response is consistent with relative warming of the Northern Hemisphere, a decrease in northward cross‐equatorial moist static energy transport, and a northward shift of the Hadley circulation, including the tropical rain belt. The shift is relatively weak in the Atlantic sector, consistent with both a smaller decrease in aerosol emissions and a larger reduction in northward cross‐equatorial ocean heat flux. Although aerosol effects remain uncertain, I conclude that future reductions in anthropogenic aerosol emissions may be the dominant driver of a 21st century northward shift of the tropical rain belt.
Vibrio
Authors: Farmer J.J. , Michael Janda J. , Brenner Frances W. , Cameron Daniel N. , Birkhead Karen M. 
Published: August 2015

Vib' ri.o. L. v.vibriomove rapidly back and forth, vibrate; M.L. masc. n.Vibriothe vibrating, darting organism.Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / “Vibrionales” / Vibrionaceae / VibrioSmall, straight, slightly curved, curved, or comma‐shaped rods, 0.5–0.8 × 1.4–2.6 µm. Involution forms often occur in old cultures and are formed under adverse growth conditions. Do not form endospores or microcysts. Gram negative. In liquid media, motile by monotrichous or multitrichouspolar flagella enclosed in a sheathcontinuous with the outer membrane of the cell wall.On solid media, some species synthesize numerous lateral flagellawith a wavelength shorter than that of the sheathed polar flagellum.Facultative anaerobescapable of bothfermentative and respiratory metabolism. Molecular oxygen is a universal electron acceptor. Most do not denitrify or fix molecular nitrogen. All are chemoorganotrophs; most are able togrow in a mineral medium containingD‐glucose as the sole carbon source and NH+as the sole nitrogen source. A few strains have organic growth factor requirements.Na4+stimulates growth of all species and is an absolute requirement for most; the minimal concentration necessary for optimal growth ranges from 5 to 700 mM (0.029–4.1%). Most species grow well in media containing a seawater base.All fermentD‐glucose producing acid but rarely gas;several species produce acetoin and acetyl methyl carbinol(positive Voges–Proskauer test). Most ferment and utilizeD‐fructose, maltose, and glycerol; areoxidase positive and reduce nitrate to nitrite. Several grow at 4°C; all grow at 20°C; most grow at 30°C; many grow at 35–37°C.A few species are bioluminescent, as are a few strains of normally nonluminescent species.Primarily aquatic; species distribution is usually dependent on Na+and nutrient content of the water as well as its temperature. Very common in marine and estuarine environments and on the surfaces and in the intestinal contents of marine animals. Species with a low Na+requirement are also found in freshwater habitats. Twelve species occur in human clinical specimens;11 of these are apparently pathogenic for humans, causing diarrhea or extraintestinal infections. Several species cause diseases of other vertebrates and invertebrates.The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 38–51.Type species:Vibrio choleraePacini 1854, 411.
Morganella
Authors: Janda J. Michael , Abbott Sharon L. 
Published: August 2015

Mor.ga.nel'; la. M.L. dim. ending ‐ella;M.L. fem. n.Morganellanamed after H. de R. Morgan, who first studied the organism.Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacteriales / Enterobacteriaceae / MorganellaStraight rods, 0.6–0.7 × 1.0–1.7 µm. Gram negative. Motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Facultatively anaerobic.Oxidative deamination of various amino acids includingL‐phenylalanine andL‐tryptophan(Singer and Volcani, 1955).Urease positive. Indole positive(Penner, 1984). Relatively few carbohydrates fermented.Ornithine decarboxylase positive. Acid produced fromD‐mannose but notD‐xylose. Gelatin not degraded. The genusMorganellapresently resides in the classGammaproteobacteriain the familyEnterobacteriaceae, based upon DNA hybridization data and not rDNA sequencing (Stackebrandt et al., 1988). 16S rDNA sequence data are presently unavailable.The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 50 (Falkow et al., 1962).Type species:Morganella morganii(Winslow, Kliger and Rothberg 1919) Fulton 1943, 81 (Bacillus morgani(sic) Winslow, Kliger and Rothberg 1919, 481;Proteus morganii(Winslow, Kliger and Rothberg 1919) Yale 1939b, 435.)