bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using an integrated COC index and multilevel measurements to verify the care outcome of patients with multiple chronic conditions
Authors: Chan Chien-Lung , You Huey-Jen , Huang Hsin-Tsung , Ting Hsien-Wei 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing prevalence of multiple chronic conditions has accentuated the importance of coordinating and integrating health care services. Patients with better continuity of care (COC) have a lower utilization rate of emergency department (ED) services, lower hospitalization and better care outcomes. Previous COC studies have focused on the care outcome of patients with a single chronic condition or that of physician-patient relationships; few studies have investigated the care outcome of patients with multiple chronic conditions. Using multi-chronic patients as subjects, this study proposes an integrated continuity of care (ICOC) index to verify the association between COC and care outcomes for two scopes of chronic conditions, at physician and medical facility levels.MethodsThis study used a dataset of 280,840 subjects, obtained from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID 2005), compiled by the National Health Research Institutes, of the National Health Insurance Bureau of Taiwan. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to integrate the indices of density, dispersion and sequence into ICOC to measure COC outcomes - the utilization rate of ED services and hospitalization. A Generalized Estimating Equations model was used to verify the care outcomes.ResultsWe discovered that the higher the COC at medical facility level, the lower the utilization rate of ED services and hospitalization for patients; by contrast, the higher the COC at physician level, the higher the utilization rate of ED services (odds ratio > 1; Exp(β) = 2.116) and hospitalization (odds ratio > 1; Exp(β) = 1.688). When only those patients with major chronic conditions with the highest number of medical visits were considered, it was found that the higher the COC at both medical facility and physician levels, the lower the utilization rate of ED services and hospitalization.ConclusionsThe study shows that ICOC is more stable than single indices and it can be widely used to measure the care outcomes of different chronic conditions to accumulate empirical evidence. Concentrated care of multi-chronic patients by a single physician often results in unsatisfactory care outcomes. This highlights the need for referral mechanisms and integration of specialties inside or outside medical facilities, in order to optimize patient-centered care.
New Evidence on an Old Question: Does Lowballing Undermine Auditors' Independence or their Clients' Investment Decisions?
Authors: Fatemi Darius J. 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARY
This paper summarizes Fatemi (2012), which reports the results of an experiment exploring the influence of audit fees on auditor and client decisions. The results indicate that clients are more likely to make choices that maximize a firm's value to shareholders when evidence of audit fee lowballing exists. When clients exhibit a past history of misstatements, auditors exhibit higher levels of skepticism as evidenced by an increased frequency of testing. Auditors' interpretations of test results reveal that they are subject to the psychological effect of motivated reasoning in the presence of lowballing when they are hired by their clients (but not when hired by investors), in that they place more confidence in the quality of tests that support their clients than in equivalent tests that are unsupportive. This article explains these findings and discusses their implications.
Conceptualizing vigilantism
Authors: Candy Graham 
Published: November 2012

Thomas G. Kirsch and Tilo Gratz, eds. 2010. Domesticating vigilantism in Africa. Woodbridge and
Rochester: James Currey. 170 pages.David Pratten and Atreyee Sen, eds. 2008. Global vigilantes. New York: Columbia University Press.
448 pages.
Measuring Inter-observer Agreement in Contour Delineation of Medical Imaging in a Dummy Run Using Fleiss’ Kappa
Authors: Schimek-Jasch T. , Nestle U. , Rücker G. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryBackground: In medical imaging used for planning of radiation therapy, observers delineate contours of a treatment volume in a series of images of uniform slice thickness.Objective: To summarize agreement in contouring between an arbitrary number of observers by a single number, we generalized the kappa index proposed by Zijdenbos et al. (1994).Methods: Observers characterized voxels by allocating them to one of two categories, inside or outside the contoured region. Fleiss’ kappa was used to measure association between n indistinguishable observers. Given the number Vi of voxels contoured by exactly i observers (i = 1, …, n), the resulting overall kappa is representable as a ratio of weighted sums of the Vi .Results: Overall kappa was applied to analyze inter-center variations in a multicenter trial on radiotherapy planning in patients with locally advanced lung cancer. A contouring dummy run was performed within the quality assurance program. Contouring was done twice, once before and once after a training program. Observer agreement was enhanced from 0.59 (with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.51 – 0.67) to 0.69 (95% CI 0.59 – 0.78)Conclusion: By contrast to average pairwise indices, overall kappa measures observer agreement for more than two observers using the full information about overlapping volumes, while not distinguishing between observers. It is particularly adequate for measuring observer agreement when identification of observers is not possible or desirable and when there is no gold standard.
Is it Betrayal Aversion or Regret Aversion ?
Authors: Aharon Itzhak 
Published: November 2012

Résumé Les échanges économiques et sociaux se produisent souvent entre des personnes étrangères les unes aux autres et qui ne peuvent donc pas se reposer sur une histoire commune ou sur la perspective de futures interactions dans le but d’établir une confiance mutuelle. Les théoriciens des jeux formalisent ce problème en termes de « jeux en un coup » (une seule période) - comme peut l’être le « jeu de la confiance » - et prédisent que la non-coopération est l’équilibre théorique de ce jeu dans la mesure où le premier joueur, ne pouvant attendre que le second joueur rétribue de manière réciproque la confiance qu’il aurait mise en lui, est contraint à ne pas investir. Bohnet et Zeckhauser (2004) proposent que, du fait d’une aversion à la trahison, les individus préfèrent éviter des situations dans lesquelles ils pourraient être trahis. Nous développons l’argument selon lequel l’émergence d’un tel comportement peut être également due à une forme d’aversion au regret. Classification JEL : A12, A13, D81.
Dewey et la centralité du travail
Authors: Renault Emmanuel 
Published: November 2012

Résumé John Dewey, qui compte parmi les principales figures du pragmatisme américain, est l’un des rares auteurs classiques à avoir défendu l’idée d’une centralité du travail. Cet article s’efforce de restituer les thèses et les arguments qui conduisent chez lui à accorder au travail une centralité épistémologique, psychologique, sociale et politique. Les objectifs de l’article sont doubles : d’une part, préciser le sens que peut recevoir l’idée de centralité du travail et les différentes manières dont elle peut être défendue ; d’autre part, contribuer à modifier l’image que les sciences sociales francophones donnent du pragmatisme deweyien.
High Performance Work Systems as an Enabling Structure for Self-organized Learning Processes
Authors: Wallner Thomas , Menrad Martin 
Published: November 2012

High Performance Work Systems (HPWSs) as a new way of organizing work in general and of production work in particular provide an environment, where self-organized learning
processes are enabled and fostered. In an extensive research project in 2 major Austrian manufacturing companies we currently investigate the applicability and the effects of HPWS including issues of learning and knowledge management. In this contribution we present the results of the first phase of this project discussing early empirical findings of an exploratory nature.
Leukemic Hypopyon in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Alten Florian , Ehlert Karoline , Böhm Michael R. , Grenzebach Ulrike H. 
Published: November 2012

Purpose. Leukemic hypopyon uveitis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a very rare condition. We report this case of an unusual finding in a 2½-year-old boy in second remission after chemotherapy for relapsed AML. Methods. A young patient with an AML FAB M5 in second remission developed pain, photophobia, and conjunctival injections in the right eye. Recent bone marrow aspiration showed no blast increase and recent peripheral blood sampling presented no evidence of relapse. Results. The patient showed a viscous hypopyon and a myotic pupil in the right eye that was refractory to corticosteroids. Anterior chamber aspiration revealed atypical blasts similar to the leukemic cells that were found in the bone marrow aspirate at the time of systemic relapse. Conclusions. Timely anterior chamber aspiration and subsequent cytology is useful in differentiating leukemic hypopyon from true intraocular inflammation in AML patients. This is the first report about a leukemic hypopyon uveitis in AML without systemic findings of malignant cells in a child.
Numerical Techniques for the Analysis of Charge Transport and Electrodynamics in Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Pierantoni Luca , Mencarelli Davide 
Published: November 2012

In this paper, we report on multiphysics full-wave techniques in the frequency (energy)-domain and the time-domain, aimed at the investigation of the combined electromagnetic-coherent transport problem in carbon based on nano-structured materials and devices, e.g., graphene nanoribbons. The frequency-domain approach is introduced in order to describe a Poisson/Schrödinger system in a quasi static framework. An example of the self-consistent solution of laterally coupled graphene nanoribbons is shown. The time-domain approach deals with the solution of the combined Maxwell/Schrödinger system of equations. The propagation of a charge wavepacket is reported, showing the effect of the self-generated electromagnetic field that affects the dynamics of the charge wavepacket.
Analysis of 809 Facial Bone Fractures in a Pediatric and Adolescent Population
Authors: Kim Sang Hun , Lee Soo Hyang , Cho Pil Dong 
Published: November 2012

Background Facial fractures are infrequent in children and adolescents and have different clinical features from those in adults. The low incidence in children and adolescents reflects the flexibility and underdevelopment of their facial skeletons, as well as their more protected environments. Only a few reports have reviewed such patients in Korea. The authors performed a retrospective study to analyze the characteristics of facial fractures in the Korean pediatric population.
Methods We conducted a retrospective review on a series of 741 patients, aged <18 years, with facial fractures who had been treated at our hospital between 2006 and 2010. The following parameters were evaluated: age, sex, cause, location and type of fractures, associated injuries, treatment and complications.
Results A total of 741 consecutive patients met the inclusion criteria. The ratio of boys to girls was 5.7:1. Facial fractures most commonly occurred in patients between 13 and 15 years of age (36.3%). The most common causes of injury was violence. The nasal fracture was the most common type of fracture (69%) and the blowout fracture was the second most common (20%). Associated injuries occurred in 156 patients (21%).
Conclusions The incidence of pediatric facial fractures caused by violence is high in Korea. Our results show that as age increases, etiological factors and fracture patterns gradually shift towards those found in adults. This study provides an overview of facial fractures in these age groups that helps illustrate the trends and characteristics of the fractures and may be helpful in further evaluation and management.
Metabolic effects of atazanavir/ritonavir vs darunavir/ritonavir in combination with tenofovir/emtricitabine in antiretroviral‐naïve patients (ATADAR Study)
Authors: Martinez E , González‐Cordón A , Podzamczer D , Domingo P , Negredo E , Gutiérrez F , Portilla J , Ribera E , Murillas J , Arribas J , Santos I , Carton J , Peraire J , Pich J , Pérez I , Gatell J ,   ATADAR Team
Published: November 2012

Purpose of the studyATV/r or DRV/r plus TDF/FTC are recommended for first‐line therapy due at least in part to their clinical tolerability and scarce metabolic effects. We investigated whether both regimens might differ regarding plasma lipids, insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (MDRD).MethodsMulticentre, randomized, clinical trial (ATADAR Study, NCT01274780). Primary end‐point: 24‐week change in total cholesterol. Secondary end‐points: changes in lipids other than total cholesterol, HOMA‐IR, and MDRD; clinical tolerability; and efficacy. We assumed that patients assigned to DRV/r would have an increase in plasma total cholesterol<21 mg/dL, which was the difference between lopinavir/r and ATV/r in CASTLE study. Fasting plasma lipids, glucose, insulin, and creatinine were measured at baseline, and 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Analyses were by intent‐to‐treat.Summary of results180 patients were randomized (ATV/r=91, DRV/r=89), 95% Caucasian, and 8% co‐infected with hepatitis C virus. At baseline (mean, SD): age 36 (9) years; plasma log HIV RNA 4.8 (0.7); CD4 334 (189) cells/mm3; triglycerides 107 (62), total cholesterol 158 (32), LDL cholesterol 97 (28), HDL cholesterol 39 (11) mg/dL, and glucose 84 (13) mg/dL; HOMA‐IR 2.47 (3.46); and MDRD 108 (21) mL/min/1.73 m2. At 24 weeks, total cholesterol (mean, SD) changed +7.26 (26.76) mg/dL with ATV/r and +11.47 (25.85) mg/dL with DRV/r (estimated difference ATV/r minus DRV/r −4.21 (95% CI−12.11 to +3.69), P=0.2944), thus confirming our primary hypothesis. Changes (mean, SD) in triglycerides were roughly similar: +16.29 (61.76) mg/dL with ATV/r and +18.40 (64.24) mg/dL with DRV/r (P=0.8261), but there were trends to more favourable changes in LDL (−2.14 [21.45] vs +3.14 [21.97] mg/dL, P=0.1160) and HDL cholesterol (+5.50 [10.36] vs +3.88 [8.42] mg/dL, P=0.2625), and total‐to‐HDL cholesterol ratio (−1.16 [6.38] vs −0.14 [0.86], P=0.0652) with ATV/r than with DRV/r. There were small, non‐significant decreases in HOMA‐IR (ATV/r −0.17 [2.48] vs DRV/r −0.70 [3.38], P=0.3785) and MDRD (ATV/r −7 [22] vs DRV/r −6 [15] mL/min/1.73 m2, P=0.6652). 6 ATV/r and 3 DRV/r patients had their study drugs discontinued because of adverse effects (P=0.4967). 7 additional patients in each arm had confirmed HIV RNA >50 copies.ConclusionsThere were trends to more favourable changes in LDL and HDL cholesterol and particularly total‐to‐HDL cholesterol ratio at 24 weeks with ATV/r than with DRV/r.
Simultaneous population pharmacokinetic modelling of darunavir and ritonavir Once daily in HIV‐infected patients: evaluation of lower ritonavir dose
Authors: Dickinson L , Jackson A , Garvey L , Watson V , Khoo S , Winston A , Boffito M , Davies G , Back D 
Published: November 2012

Purpose of studyOnce‐daily ritonavir‐boosted darunavir (DRV/RTV) is a preferred antiretroviral regimen for treatment‐naïve patients. Population pharmacokinetic modelling of the interaction between DRV and RTV allows evaluation of alternative dosing strategies, particularly lower RTV doses (e.g. 800/50 mg once daily) and assessment of factors that may influence DRV/RTV PK.MethodsData were pooled from 3 DRV/RTV PK studies. Fifty‐one HIV‐infected patients (7 female) stable on DRV/RTV (800/100 mg or 900/100 mg once daily; n=32 and 19, respectively) were included. Median age, weight and baseline CD4 cell count were 39 yr (21–63), 74 kg (57–105) and 500 cells/mm3 (227–1129), respectively; 49 had undetectable viral load. Nonlinear mixed effects modelling (Monolix v.4.1.2) was applied simultaneously to DRV and RTV to determine PK parameters, interindividual variability and residual error. Covariates evaluated included: age, weight, sex and study. The model was validated by simulation and visual predictive check. DRV/RTV 800/50 mg once daily was simulated.Summary of resultsRTV and DRV were described by a 1 and 2‐compartment model, respectively with first‐order absorption and lag‐time. A maximum effect model, in which RTV inhibited DRV clearance (CL/F), best described the relationship between the two drugs. A RTV concentration of 0.33 mg/L was associated with 50% maximum inhibition of DRV CL/F with the maximum inhibitory effect fixed at 1. The population CL/F of DRV in the absence of RTV was 13.7L/h. Inclusion of weight on RTV CL/F and volume and age on DRV CL/F and study on DRV CL/F, volume and absorption improved the fit. Based on visual predictive check 93% and 91% of observed RTV and DRV concentrations were within the 95% prediction interval, indicative of an adequate model. Of 1000 simulated DRV troughs, 10% and 0% were below the MEC for treatment‐experienced (<0.55 mg/L) and naïve patients (<0.055 mg/L), respectively. For DRV/RTV 800/50 mg once daily this corresponded to 14% and 0%. Median area under the curve was 17% lower with 50 mg compared to 100 mg RTV (53.5 mg.h/L vs. 64.2 mg.h/L), which is consistent with previous data [1].ConclusionsA population model describing the PK of once‐daily DRV/RTV has been developed and validated and included the influence of RTV concentration on DRV CL/F. The model allowed simulation of DRV/RTV 800/50 mg once daily; concentrations were lower but trough concentrations remained within the therapeutic range for treatment‐naïve patients.
What's the buzz about BUZZ? A workshop to enhance communication between patients and their health care teams
Authors: Lico S 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveBUZZ is a workshop designed to enhance communication between patients and health care providers (HCPs) and results to date will be described.BackgroundA study of HIV patients interviewed about their treatment, identified several barriers to communication with their health care teams. Another study called BEAHIV, demonstrated low levels of agreement between patients and HCPs surrounding bothersome symptoms of ARV treatment. With a grant from Janssen, a workshop was designed by a faculty of HIV clinicians from across Canada, in conjunction with a behavioural specialist. The workshop covered several topics: identifying barriers to communication for HIV patients, learning about one's own preferred communication style, how to determine a patient's communication style, and ways to uncover issues associated with the patient's treatment, such as ARV‐associated side effects. To date, 15 workshops have been conducted across the country.ResultsAt the end of the workshop, 85% of participants said they would start or continue to identify barriers to communication. At the start of each workshop, several before/after questions were asked. Only 45% of HCPs felt comfortable in adapting their communication towards patients with different behavioural styles prior to participating in the workshop. This increased to 84% after the workshop. Prior to the workshop, 68% of HCPs said they currently engage patients in proactive discussions surrounding ARV‐associated side effects, increasing to 82% post‐workshop. Prior to the workshop, 60% proactively engaged patients on the impact of ARV side effects on quality of life, which increased to 80% post‐workshop. Several weeks after each workshop, a follow up with participants was conducted and it was found that many implemented changes in their practices as a result of what they learned.ConclusionA workshop designed to enhance communication may have a beneficial effect on reducing communication barriers and enhancing HIV patient care.
Protein Databases on the Internet
Authors: Xu Dong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractProtein databases have become a crucial part of modern biology. Huge amounts of data for protein structures, functions, and particularly sequences are being generated. Searching databases is often the first step in the study of a new protein. Comparison between proteins or between protein families provides information about the relationship between proteins within a genome or across different species, and hence offers much more information than can be obtained by studying only an isolated protein. In addition, secondary databases derived from experimental databases are also widely available. These databases reorganize and annotate the data or provide predictions. The use of multiple databases often helps researchers understand the structure and function of a protein. Although some protein databases are widely known, they are far from being fully utilized in the protein science community. This unit provides a starting point for readers to explore the potential of protein databases on the Internet. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 70:2.6.1‐2.6.17. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Scanning Force Microscopy of Block Copolymers: Beyond Imaging of the Surface Morphology
Authors: Tsarkova L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this article, referring to specific examples, we demonstrate how recent advances in scanning force microscopy (SFM) have enabled better understanding of structural complexity and responsive behavior of nanostructured polymer materials under external stimuli. The central focus lies on the SFM application toward the analysis of block copolymer thin films with the emphasis on the quantitative information regarding the structural, material, and dynamic characteristics that can be derived from SFM measurements. The examples include quantitative measurements of characteristic spacings with subnanometer resolution, analysis of defect structure and annihilation dynamics, as well as SFM‐based tomographic reconstruction of the inner structure with high depth and lateral resolution. Finally, a perspective of SFM in accessing the responsive properties of soft polymer‐based materials is addressed.
π‐Conjugated Furan‐Based Polymers
Authors: Streifel Benjamin C. , Tovar John D. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Conjugated organic semiconducting materials have received significant attention for use in low‐cost, rapidly processed, large‐area electronic devices. Much of this work has focused on benzenoid‐building blocks such as benzene, thiophene, and pyrrole due to the ease of synthesis coupled with the inherent environmental stability and relatively high performance characteristics of the resulting materials. Furan has been for the most part overlooked, although the past 3 years have witnessed a resurgence of interest. This resurgence is due to the weaker aromaticity of the furan ring, the greater solubilities of furan‐containing π‐conjugated materials relative to other benzenoid systems and the availability of furan‐based starting materials from renewable resources. In this article, we will address the properties of furan‐containing π‐conjugated materials and the synthetic methods employed in the construction of conjugated oligomer and polymer structures before highlighting several contemporary examples of furan‐based conjugated polymers.
Effect of Pore Morphology on Deformation Behaviors in Porous Al by FEM Simulations
Authors: Cho Yi Je , Lee Wook Jin , Park Sung Kyun , Park Yong Ho 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn the present work, effect of porosity and pore shape on compressive deformation behaviors of porous Al is analyzed using three‐dimensional finite element method. Representative volume elements of porous microstructures, having four different pore morphologies, are reconstructed using random sequential adsorption algorithm. The numerical results suggest that consideration of pore morphology can give qualitative information on deformation behaviors of porous metals, and thus may be helpful to design and optimize of the materials.