bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing China: Japanese technicians and industrialization in the early years of the People's Republic of China
Authors: KING AMY 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Chinese Communist Party was confronted with the pressing challenge of ‘reconstructing’ China's industrial economy when it came to power in 1949. Drawing on recently declassified Chinese Foreign Ministry archives, this article argues that the Party met this challenge by drawing on the expertise of Japanese technicians left behind in Northeast China at the end of the Second World War. Between 1949 and 1953, when they were eventually repatriated, thousands of Japanese technicians were used by the Chinese Communist Party to develop new technology and industrial techniques, train less skilled Chinese workers, and rebuild factories, mines, railways, and other industrial sites in the Northeast. These first four years of the People's Republic of China represent an important moment of both continuity and change in China's history. Like the Chinese Nationalist government before them, the Chinese Communist Party continued to draw on the technological and industrial legacy of the Japanese empire in Asia to rebuild China's war-torn economy. But this four-year period was also a moment of profound change. As the Cold War erupted in Asia, the Chinese Communist Party began a long-term reconceptualization of how national power was intimately connected to technology and industrial capability, and viewed Japanese technicians as a vital element in the transformation of China into a modern and powerful nation.
Molecular characterization and development ofSarcocystis speerisarcocysts in gamma interferon gene knockout mice
Authors: DUBEY J. P. , VERMA S. K. , DUNAMS D. , CALERO-BERNAL R. , ROSENTHAL B. M. 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARYThe North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana) is the definitive host for at least three named species ofSarcocystis: Sarcocystis falcatula, Sarcocystis neuronaandSarcocystis speeri.The South American opossums (Didelphis albiventris, Didelphis marsupialisandDidelphis aurita) are definitive hosts forS. falcatulaandS. lindsayi. The sporocysts of theseSarcocystisspecies are similar morphologically. They are also not easily distinguished genetically because of the difficulties of DNA extraction from sporocysts and availability of distinguishing genetic markers. Some of these species can be distinguished by bioassay;S. neuronaandS. speeriare infective to gamma interferon gene knockout (KO) mice, but not to budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus); whereasS. falcatulaandS. lindsayiare infective to budgerigars but not to KO mice. The natural intermediate host ofS. speeriis unknown. In the present study, development of sarcocysts ofS. speeriin the KO mice is described. Sarcocysts were first seen at 12 days post-inoculation (p.i.), and they became macroscopic (up to 4 mm long) by 25 days p.i. The structure of the sarcocyst wall did not change from the time bradyzoites had formed at 50–220 days p.i. Sarcocysts contained unique villar protrusions, ‘type 38’. The polymerase chain reaction amplifications and sequences analysis of three nuclear loci (18S rRNA, 28S rRNAandITS1) and two mitochondrial loci (cox1andcytb) ofS. speeriisolate from an Argentinean opossum (D. albiventris) confirmed its membership among species ofSarcocystisand indicated an especially close relationship to another parasite in this genus that employs opossums as its definitive host,S. neurona.These results should be useful in finding natural intermediate host ofS. speeri.
Stability to the dissipative Reissner–Mindlin–Timoshenko acting on displacement equation
Authors: CAMPELO A. D. S. , ALMEIDA JÚNIOR D. S. , SANTOS M. L. 
Published: August 2015

In this paper, we show that there exists a critical number that stabilises the Reissner–Mindlin–Timoshenko system with frictional dissipation acting only on the equation for the transverse displacement. We identify that the Reissner–Mindlin–Timoshenko system has two speed characteristics v12 := K/ρ1 and v22 := D/ρ2 and we show that the system is exponentially stable if only if
\begin{equation*}
v_{1}^{2}=v_{2}^{2}.
\end{equation*}In the general case, we prove that the system is polynomially stable with optimal decay rate. Numerical experiments using finite differences are given to confirm our analytical results. Our numerical results are qualitatively in agreement with the corresponding results from dynamical in infinite dimensional.
A comparison of the effectiveness of EFL students’ use of dictionaries and an online corpus for the enhancement of revision skills
Authors: Mueller Charles M. , Jacobsen Natalia D. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractQualitative research focusing primarily on advanced-proficiency second language (L2) learners suggests that online corpora can function as useful reference tools for language learners, especially when addressing phraseological issues. However, the feasibility and effectiveness of online corpus consultation for learners at a basic level of L2 proficiency have been relatively unexplored. The current study of Japanese-L1 (first language) learners in an EFL (English as a foreign language) context (N=117) addresses these gaps in research. A preliminary investigation (Experiment 1) examined EFL learners (n=78) as they used the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA: Davies, 2008–) to revise essays. Experiment 2 (n=39) used a within-subjects comparison to determine whether participants attained greater accuracy in supplying the missing word in a gap-fill test when using an electronic dictionary or COCA. The survey results from the two experiments revealed that participants generally found using an online corpus difficult. In Experiment 2, a paired-samples t-test showed that participants, at an alpha of p=.05 two-tailed, were marginally better able to answer test questions when using the online corpus than they were when using an electronic dictionary, p=0.030. The implications of the study within the context of previous research are discussed along with pedagogical recommendations and possible avenues for future research.
Music Technology, Gender, and Class: Digitization, Educational and Social Change in Britain
Authors: BORN GEORGINA , DEVINE KYLE 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMusic technology undergraduate degree programmes are a relatively new phenomenon in British higher education, situated at the intersection of music, digital technologies, and sound art. Such degrees have exploded in popularity over the past fifteen years. Yet the social and cultural ramifications of this development have not yet been analysed. In looking comparatively at the demographics of both traditional music and music technology degrees, we highlight a striking bifurcation: traditional music degrees draw students with higher social class profiles than the British national averages, while their gender profile matches the wider student population; music technology degrees, by contrast, are overwhelmingly male and lower in terms of social class profile. We set these findings into analytical dialogue with wider historical processes, offering divergent interpretations of our findings in relation to a series of musical, technological, educational, social, political, and cultural-institutional developments in the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries. We ask what such developments bode for future relations between music, gender, and class in the UK.
Musique concrète, French New Wave cinema, and Jean Cocteau'sLe Testament d'Orphée(1960)
Authors: ANDERSON LAURA 
Published: August 2015

AbstractJean Cocteau (1889–1963) is recognized as one of France's most well-known film directors, directing six films over a thirty-year period. This article argues that his film soundscapes occupy a unique position in the history of French film sound, providing a key link between contemporary experimentation in art music and the sonic experimentation of the New Wave filmmakers. This argument is best exemplified byLe Testament d'Orphée(1960), which represents the apotheosis of Cocteau's artistic output as well as the stage at which he was most confident in handling the design of a film soundscape. Indeed, Cocteau was comfortable with the selection and arrangement of sonic elements to the extent that his regular collaborator Georges Auric became almost dispensable. Nevertheless, Auric's willing support enriched the final film and Cocteau created a highly self-reflexive work through his arrangement of the composer's music with pre-existing musical borrowings. Cocteau's engagement with contemporary developments in film and art music can be heard throughout this film, highlighting his position as a poet simultaneously establishing himself in the canon of art and looking to the future.
What Lies Deep in the Mantle Below?
Authors: Foulger Gillian , Panza Giuliano , Artemieva Irina , Bastow Ian , Cammarano Fabio , Doglioni Carlo , Evans John , Hamilton Warren , Julian Bruce , Lustrino Michele , Thybo Hans , Yanovskaya Tatiana 
Published: August 2015

For decades, scientists have probed Earth's remote mantle by analyzing how seismic waves of distant earthquakes pass through it. But we are still challenged by the technique's limitations.
Automated analysis of free speech predicts psychosis onset in high-risk youths
Authors: Bedi Gillinder , Carrillo Facundo , Cecchi Guillermo A , Slezak Diego Fernández , Sigman Mariano , Mota Natália B , Ribeiro Sidarta , Javitt Daniel C , Copelli Mauro , Corcoran Cheryl M 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background/Objectives:
Psychiatry lacks the objective clinical tests routinely used in other specializations. Novel computerized methods to characterize complex behaviors such as speech could be used to identify and predict psychiatric illness in individuals.

AIMS:
In this proof-of-principle study, our aim was to test automated speech analyses combined with Machine Learning to predict later psychosis onset in youths at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis.

Methods:
Thirty-four CHR youths (11 females) had baseline interviews and were assessed quarterly for up to 2.5 years; five transitioned to psychosis. Using automated analysis, transcripts of interviews were evaluated for semantic and syntactic features predicting later psychosis onset. Speech features were fed into a convex hull classification algorithm with leave-one-subject-out cross-validation to assess their predictive value for psychosis outcome. The canonical correlation between the speech features and prodromal symptom ratings was computed.

Results:
Derived speech features included a Latent Semantic Analysis measure of semantic coherence and two syntactic markers of speech complexity: maximum phrase length and use of determiners (e.g., which). These speech features predicted later psychosis development with 100% accuracy, outperforming classification from clinical interviews. Speech features were significantly correlated with prodromal symptoms.

Conclusions:
Findings support the utility of automated speech analysis to measure subtle, clinically relevant mental state changes in emergent psychosis. Recent developments in computer science, including natural language processing, could provide the foundation for future development of objective clinical tests for psychiatry.
The effect of exogenous calcium on mitochondria, respiratory metabolism enzymes and ion transport in cucumber roots under hypoxia
Authors: He Lizhong , Li Bin , Lu Xiaomin , Yuan Lingyun , Yang Yanjuan , Yuan Yinghui , Du Jing , Guo Shirong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHypoxia induces plant stress, particularly in cucumber plants under hydroponic culture. In plants, calcium is involved in stress signal transmission and growth. The ultimate goal of this study was to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the effects of exogenous calcium on the mitochondrial antioxidant system, the activity of respiratory metabolism enzymes and ion transport in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinchun No. 2) roots under hypoxic conditions. Our experiments revealed that exogenous calcium reduces the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increases the activity of antioxidant enzymes in mitochondria under hypoxia. Exogenous calcium also enhances the accumulation of enzymes involved in glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. We utilized fluorescence and ultrastructural cytochemistry methods to observe that exogenous calcium increases the concentrations of Ca2+ and K+ in root cells by increasing the activity of plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase and tonoplast H+-ATPase and H+-PPase. Overall, our results suggest that hypoxic stress has an immediate and substantial effect on roots. Exogenous calcium improves metabolism and ion transport in cucumber roots, thereby increasing hypoxia tolerance in cucumber.
Inhibition of human GLUT1 and GLUT5 by plant carbohydrate products; insights into transport specificity
Authors: George Thompson Alayna M. , Iancu Cristina V. , Nguyen Thi Thanh Hanh , Kim Doman , Choe Jun-yong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractGlucose transporters GLUT1 (transports glucose) and GLUT5 (transports fructose), in addition to their functions in normal metabolism, have been implicated in several diseases including cancer and diabetes. While GLUT1 has several inhibitors, none have been described for GLUT5. By transport activity assays we found two plant products, rubusoside (from Rubus suavissimus) and astragalin-6-glucoside (a glycosylated derivative of astragalin, from Phytolacca americana) that inhibited human GLUT5. These plants are utilized in traditional medicine: R. suavissimus for weight loss and P. americana for cancer treatment, but the molecular interactions of these products are unknown. Rubusoside also inhibited human GLUT1, but astragalin-6-glucoside did not. In silico analysis of rubusoside:protein interactions pinpointed a major difference in substrate cavity between these transporters, a residue that is a tryptophan in GLUT1 but an alanine in GLUT5. Investigation of mutant proteins supported the importance of this position in ligand specificity. GLUT1W388A became susceptible to inhibition by astragalin-6-glucoside and resistant to rubusoside. GLUT5A396W transported fructose and also glucose and maintained inhibition by rubusoside and astragalin-6-glucoside. Astragalin-6-glucoside can serve as a starting point in the design of specific inhibitors for GLUT5. The application of these studies to understanding glucose transporters and their interaction with substrates and ligands is discussed.
Whole Exome Sequencing Reveals Mutations in Known Retinal Disease Genes in 33 out of 68 Israeli Families with Inherited Retinopathies
Authors: Beryozkin Avigail , Shevah Elia , Kimchi Adva , Mizrahi-Meissonnier Liliana , Khateb Samer , Ratnapriya Rinki , Lazar Csilla H. , Blumenfeld Anat , Ben-Yosef Tamar , Hemo Yitzhak , Pe’er Jacob , Averbuch Eduard , Sagi Michal , Boleda Alexis , Gieser Linn , Zlotogorski Abraham , Falik-Zaccai Tzipora , Alimi-Kasem Ola , Jacobson Samuel G. , Chowers Itay , Swaroop Anand , Banin Eyal , Sharon Dror 
Published: August 2015

AbstractWhole exome sequencing (WES) is a powerful technique for identifying sequence changes in the human genome. The goal of this study was to delineate the genetic defects in patients with inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) using WES. WES was performed on 90 patient DNA samples from 68 families and 226 known genes for IRDs were analyzed. Sanger sequencing was used to validate potential pathogenic variants that were also subjected to segregation analysis in families. Thirty-three causative mutations (19 novel and 14 known) in 25 genes were identified in 33 of the 68 families. The vast majority of mutations (30 out of 33) have not been reported in the Israeli and the Palestinian populations. Nine out of the 33 mutations were detected in additional families from the same ethnic population, suggesting a founder effect. In two families, identified phenotypes were different from the previously reported clinical findings associated with the causative gene. This is the largest genetic analysis of IRDs in the Israeli and Palestinian populations to date. We also demonstrate that WES is a powerful tool for rapid analysis of known disease genes in large patient cohorts.
The effects of graded levels of calorie restriction: IV. Non-linear change in behavioural phenotype of mice in response to short-term calorie restriction
Authors: Lusseau David , Mitchell Sharon E. , Barros Ceres , Derous Davina , Green Cara , Chen Luonan , Han Jing-Dong Jackie , Wang Yingchun , Promislow Daniel E. L. , Douglas Alex , Speakman John R. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAnimals have to adjust their activities when faced with caloric restriction (CR) to deal with reduced energy intake. If CR is pronounced, allostasis can push individuals into alternate physiological states which can result in important health benefits across a wide range of taxa. Here we developed a new approach to determine the changes in behavioural phenotype associated with different levels of CR. We exposed C57BL/6 male mice to graded CR (from 0 to 40%) for three months and defined their behavioural phenotype using hidden Markov models of their movement and body temperature. All 40% CR mice exhibited a state-shift in behavioural phenotype and only some exposed to 30% CR did. We show for the first time that mice changed their activity characteristics rather than changed their activities. This new phenotyping approach provides an avenue to determine the mechanisms linking CR to healthspan.
Investigation of VOCs associated with different characteristics of breast cancer cells
Authors: Lavra Luca , Catini Alexandro , Ulivieri Alessandra , Capuano Rosamaria , Baghernajad Salehi Leila , Sciacchitano Salvatore , Bartolazzi Armando , Nardis Sara , Paolesse Roberto , Martinelli Eugenio , Di Natale Corrado 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe efficacy of breath volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis for the screening of patients bearing breast cancer lesions has been demonstrated by using gas chromatography and artificial olfactory systems. On the other hand,in-vitrostudies suggest that VOCs detection could also give important indications regarding molecular and tumorigenic characteristics of tumor cells. Aim of this study was to analyze VOCs in the headspace of breast cancer cell lines in order to ascertain the potentiality of VOCs signatures in giving information about these cells and set-up a new sensor system able to detect breast tumor-associated VOCs. We identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis a VOCs signature that discriminates breast cancer cells for: i) transformed condition; ii) cell doubling time (CDT); iii) Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors (ER, PgR) expression and HER2 overexpression. Moreover, the signals obtained from a temperature modulated metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor can be classified in order to recognize VOCs signatures associated with breast cancer cells, CDT and ER expression. Our results demonstrate that VOCs analysis could give clinically relevant information about proliferative and molecular features of breast cancer cells and pose the basis for the optimization of a low-cost diagnostic device to be used for tumors characterization.
Mice repeatedly exposed to Group-A β-Haemolytic Streptococcus show perseverative behaviors, impaired sensorimotor gating and immune activation in rostral diencephalon
Authors: Macrì Simone , Ceci Chiara , Proietti Onori Martina , Invernizzi Roberto William , Bartolini Erika , Altabella Luisa , Canese Rossella , Imperi Monica , Orefici Graziella , Creti Roberta , Margarit Immaculada , Magliozzi Roberta , Laviola Giovanni 
Published: August 2015

AbstractRepeated exposure to Group-A β-Haemolytic Streptococcus (GAS) may constitute a vulnerability factor in the onset and course of pediatric motor disturbances. GAS infections/colonization can stimulate the production of antibodies, which may cross the blood brain barrier, target selected brain areas (e.g. basal ganglia) and exacerbate motor alterations. Here, we exposed developing SJL male mice to four injections with a GAS homogenate and evaluated the following domains: motor coordination; general locomotion; repetitive behaviors; perseverative responses; and sensorimotor gating (pre-pulse inhibition, PPI). To demonstrate that behavioral changes were associated with immune-mediated brain alterations, we analyzed, in selected brain areas, the presence of infiltrates and microglial activation (immunohistochemistry), monoamines (HPLC) and brain metabolites (in vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy). GAS-exposed mice showed increased repetitive and perseverative behaviors, impaired PPI and reduced concentrations of serotonin in prefrontal cortex, a brain area linked to the behavioral domains investigated, wherein they also showed remarkable elevations in lactate. Active inflammatory processes were substantiated by the observation of infiltrates and microglial activation in the white matter of the anterior diencephalon. These data support the hypothesis that repeated GAS exposure may elicit inflammatory responses in brain areas involved in motor control and perseverative behavior and result in phenotypic abnormalities.
Heterogeneity: The key to failure forecasting
Authors: Vasseur Jérémie , Wadsworth Fabian B. , Lavallée Yan , Bell Andrew F. , Main Ian G. , Dingwell Donald B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractElastic waves are generated when brittle materials are subjected to increasing strain. Their number and energy increase non-linearly, ending in a system-sized catastrophic failure event. Accelerating rates of geophysical signals (e.g., seismicity and deformation) preceding large-scale dynamic failure can serve as proxies for damage accumulation in the Failure Forecast Method (FFM). Here we test the hypothesis that the style and mechanisms of deformation and the accuracy of the FFM, are both tightly controlled by the degree of microstructural heterogeneity of the material under stress. We generate a suite of synthetic samples with variable heterogeneity, controlled by the gas volume fraction. We experimentally demonstrate that the accuracy of failure prediction increases drastically with the degree of material heterogeneity. These results have significant implications in a broad range of material-based disciplines for which failure forecasting is of central importance. In particular, the FFM has been used with only variable success to forecast failure scenarios both in the field (volcanic eruptions and landslides) and in the laboratory (rock and magma failure). Our results show that this variability may be explained and the reliability and accuracy of forecast quantified significantly improved, by accounting for material heterogeneity as a first-order control on forecasting power.