bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct and indirect selection on flowering time, water‐use efficiency (WUE, δ13C), and WUE plasticity to drought in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Kenney Amanda M. , McKay John K. , Richards James H. , Juenger Thomas E. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFlowering time and water‐use efficiency (WUE) are two ecological traits that are important for plant drought response. To understand the evolutionary significance of natural genetic variation in flowering time, WUE, and WUE plasticity to drought in Arabidopsis thaliana, we addressed the following questions: (1) How are ecophysiological traits genetically correlated within and between different soil moisture environments? (2) Does terminal drought select for early flowering and drought escape? (3) Is WUE plasticity to drought adaptive and/or costly? We measured a suite of ecophysiological and reproductive traits on 234 spring flowering accessions of A. thaliana grown in well‐watered and season‐ending soil drying treatments, and quantified patterns of genetic variation, correlation, and selection within each treatment. WUE and flowering time were consistently positively genetically correlated. WUE was correlated with WUE plasticity, but the direction changed between treatments. Selection generally favored early flowering and low WUE, with drought favoring earlier flowering significantly more than well‐watered conditions. Selection for lower WUE was marginally stronger under drought. There were no net fitness costs of WUE plasticity. WUE plasticity (per se) was globally neutral, but locally favored under drought. Strong genetic correlation between WUE and flowering time may facilitate the evolution of drought escape, or constrain independent evolution of these traits. Terminal drought favored drought escape in these spring flowering accessions of A. thaliana. WUE plasticity may be favored over completely fixed development in environments with periodic drought.
Under what conditions do climate‐driven sex ratios enhance versus diminish population persistence?
Authors: Boyle Maria , Hone Jim , Schwanz Lisa E. , Georges Arthur 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFor many species of reptile, crucial demographic parameters such as embryonic survival and individual sex (male or female) depend on ambient temperature during incubation. While much has been made of the role of climate on offspring sex ratios in species with temperature‐dependent sex determination (TSD), the impact of variable sex ratio on populations is likely to depend on how limiting male numbers are to female fecundity in female‐biased populations, and whether a climatic effect on embryonic survival overwhelms or interacts with sex ratio. To examine the sensitivity of populations to these interacting factors, we developed a generalized model to explore the effects of embryonic survival, hatchling sex ratio, and the interaction between these, on population size and persistence while varying the levels of male limitation. Populations with TSD reached a greater maximum number of females compared to populations with GSD, although this was often associated with a narrower range of persistence. When survival depended on temperature, TSD populations persisted over a greater range of temperatures than GSD populations. This benefit of TSD was greatly reduced by even modest male limitation, indicating very strong importance of this largely unmeasured biologic factor. Finally, when males were not limiting, a steep relationship between sex ratio and temperature favoured population persistence across a wider range of climates compared to the shallower relationships. The opposite was true when males were limiting – shallow relationships between sex ratio and temperature allowed greater persistence. The results highlight that, if we are to predict the response of populations with TSD to climate change, it is imperative to 1) accurately quantify the extent to which male abundance limits female fecundity, and 2) measure how sex ratios and peak survival coincide over climate.
Intravenous dextromethorphan/quinidine inhibits activity of dura‐sensitive spinal trigeminal neurons in rats
Authors: Sokolov A.Y. , Lyubashina O.A. , Berkovich R.R. , Panteleev S.S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundMigraine is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by episodes of throbbing headaches. Practically all medications currently used in migraine prophylaxis have a number of substantial disadvantages and use limitations. Therefore, the further search for principally new prophylactic antimigraine agents remains an important task. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effects of a fixed combination of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and quinidine sulphate (DM/Q) on activity of the spinal trigeminal neurons in an electrophysiological model of trigemino‐durovascular nociception.MethodsThe study was performed in 15 male Wistar rats, which were anaesthetized with urethane/α‐chloralose and paralysed using pipecuronium bromide. The effects of cumulative intravenous infusions of DM/Q (three steps performed 30 min apart, 15/7.5 mg/kg of DM/Q in 0.5 mL of isotonic saline per step) on ongoing and dural electrical stimulation‐induced neuronal activities were tested in a group of eight rats over 90 min. Other seven animals received cumulative infusion of equal volumes of saline and served as control.ResultsCumulative administration of DM/Q produced steady suppression of both the ongoing activity of the spinal trigeminal neurons and their responses to electrical stimulation of the dura mater.ConclusionsIt is evident that the observed DM/Q‐induced suppression of trigeminal neuron excitability can lead to a reduction in nociceptive transmission from meninges to higher centres of the brain. Since the same mechanism is believed to underlie the pharmacodynamics of many well‐known antimigraine drugs, results of the present study enable us to anticipate the potential efficacy of DM/Q in migraine.
Screen‐Printed Electrodes for Amperometric Determination of Iodide
Authors: Khodari M. , Bilitewski U. , Basry A. A. H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAn amperometric method for the determination of iodide ions has been developed using disposable, screen‐printed electrodes. The used sensors have a gold, graphite and platinum working electrodes with an area of about 7 mm2. Calibration curves exhibit a linear relationship between the electrode response and the iodide concentration up to 3.00 mM. The correlation coefficients for all calibration curves varied from 0.988 to 0.998. The relative standard deviations were equal to or less than 5.26 % (n=5). The lowest iodide concentration measured was 100 µM.
Signal and interference alignment via message passing for MIMO interference channels
Authors: Fouladgar Ali Mohammad , Simeone Osvaldo , Park Seok‐Hwan , Sahin Onur , Shamai Shlomo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA novel algorithm for the design of linear precoding and equalisation in multiple‐input multiple‐output interference channels is proposed that is based on the minimisation of the interference‐plus‐signal leakage. The interference‐plus‐leakage criterion, unlike the more conventional interference leakage metric for interference alignment, considers not only the power of the interference caused to unintended receivers but also the power of the useful signal that is ‘spilled’ outside the receiving subspace of the intended receiver. The proposed algorithm tackles the problem via the application of the min‐sum message passing algorithm to a factor graph constructed on the interference graph of the network. The scheme can be seen as a generalisation of a number of previously proposed algorithms, including the alternating optimisation schemes for interference leakage minimisation and interference‐plus‐signal leakage minimisation. The approach inherits the advantages of these schemes of returning unitary precoding and equalisation matrices, hence simplifying the task of low‐rate feedback to the transmitters and receivers, and of allowing a distributed implementation. Numerical results show that the scheme provides advantages in terms of achievable sum‐rate and convergence with respect to the mentioned existing related strategies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward systems neuroscience in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: A meta‐analysis of 75 fMRI studies
Authors: Li Hui‐Jie , Hou Xiao‐Hui , Liu Han‐Hui , Yue Chun‐Lin , He Yong , Zuo Xi‐Nian 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMost of the previous task functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies found abnormalities in distributed brain regions in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), and few studies investigated the brain network dysfunction from the system level. In this meta‐analysis, we aimed to examine brain network dysfunction in MCI and AD. We systematically searched task‐based fMRI studies in MCI and AD published between January 1990 and January 2014. Activation likelihood estimation meta‐analyses were conducted to compare the significant group differences in brain activation, the significant voxels were overlaid onto seven referenced neuronal cortical networks derived from the resting‐state fMRI data of 1,000 healthy participants. Thirty‐nine task‐based fMRI studies (697 MCI patients and 628 healthy controls) were included in MCI‐related meta‐analysis while 36 task‐based fMRI studies (421 AD patients and 512 healthy controls) were included in AD‐related meta‐analysis. The meta‐analytic results revealed that MCI and AD showed abnormal regional brain activation as well as large‐scale brain networks. MCI patients showed hypoactivation in default, frontoparietal, and visual networks relative to healthy controls, whereas AD‐related hypoactivation mainly located in visual, default, and ventral attention networks relative to healthy controls. Both MCI‐related and AD‐related hyperactivation fell in frontoparietal, ventral attention, default, and somatomotor networks relative to healthy controls. MCI and AD presented different pathological while shared similar compensatory large‐scale networks in fulfilling the cognitive tasks. These system‐level findings are helpful to link the fundamental declines of cognitive tasks to brain networks in MCI and AD. Hum Brain Mapp 36:1217–1232, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Generation of New Artificial Metalloproteins by Cofactor Modification of Native Hemoproteins
Authors: Hayashi Takashi , Sano Yohei , Onoda Akira 
Published: November 2014

AbstractHeme can be removed from a number of native hemoproteins, thus forming corresponding apoproteins, each of which provides a site for binding of a metal complex. In one example, myoglobin, an O2 storage protein, can be reconstituted with iron porphycene to dramatically enhance the O2 affinity. Although it is known that myoglobin has poor enzymatic activity, the insertion of iron corrole or iron porphycene into apomyoglobin increases its H2O2‐dependent peroxidase/peroxygenase activities. Furthermore, reconstitution with manganese porphycene promotes hydroxylation of an inert CH bond. It is also of interest to insert a non‐porphyrinoid complex into an apoprotein. A cavity of apocytochrome c has been found to bind a diiron carbonyl complex, serving as a functional model of diiron hydrogenase. Aponitrobindin has a rigid β‐barrel structure that provides an excellent cavity for covalently anchoring a metal complex. A rhodium complex embedded in the cavity of genetically modified nitrobindin has been found to promote stereoselective polymerization of phenylacetylene.
Creative Cognitive Processes in Higher Education
Authors: Miller Angie L. , Dumford Amber D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper explores whether or not students in higher education settings are using creative cognitive processes, how these processes are related to deep approaches to learning, and in what types of settings and students these processes are most prevalent. Data collected from 8,724 students at 17 institutions participating in the 2010 National Survey of Student Engagement suggests that first‐year and senior students employ several different creative cognitive processes in their everyday activities. Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses suggest two distinct types of processes: deliberate creative processes and intuitive cognitive processes. Additional analyses indicate significant positive relationships between both types of creative processes and deep approaches to learning, as well as statistically significant differences in the use of creative processes based on gender, enrollment type, and type of institution. Potential reasons for and implications of these findings are discussed.
Muscle progenitor cell regenerative capacity in the torn rotator cuff
Authors: Meyer Gretchen A. , Farris Ashley L. , Sato Eugene , Gibbons Michael , Lane John G. , Ward Samuel R. , Engler Adam J. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTChronic rotator cuff (RC) tears affect a large portion of the population and result in substantial upper extremity impairment, shoulder weakness, pain, and limited range of motion. Regardless of surgical or conservative treatment, persistent atrophic muscle changes limit functional restoration and may contribute to surgical failure. We hypothesized that deficits in the skeletal muscle progenitor (SMP) cell pool could contribute to poor muscle recovery following tendon repair. Biopsies were obtained from patients undergoing arthroscopic RC surgery. The SMP population was quantified, isolated, and assayed in culture for its ability to proliferate and fuse in vitro and in vivo. The SMP population was larger in muscles from cuffs with partial tears compared with no tears or full thickness tears. However, SMPs from muscles in the partial tear group also exhibited reduced proliferative ability. Cells from all cuff states were able to fuse robustly in culture and engraft when injected into injured mouse muscle, suggesting that when given the correct signals, SMPs are capable of contributing to muscle hypertrophy and regeneration regardless of tear severity. The fact that this does not appear to happen in vivo helps focus future therapeutic targets for promoting muscle recovery following rotator cuff repairs and may help improve clinical outcomes. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:???–???, 2015.
Defining the phenotype of young healthy nucleus pulposus cells: Recommendations of the Spine Research Interest Group at the 2014 annual ORS meeting
Authors: Risbud Makarand V. , Schoepflin Zachary R. , Mwale Fackson , Kandel Rita A. , Grad Sibylle , Iatridis James C. , Sakai Daisuke , Hoyland Judith A. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTLow back pain is a major physical and socioeconomic problem. Degeneration of the intervertebral disc and especially that of nucleus pulposus (NP) has been linked to low back pain. In spite of much research focusing on the NP, consensus among the research community is lacking in defining the NP cell phenotype. A consensus agreement will allow easier distinguishing of NP cells from annulus fibrosus (AF) cells and endplate chondrocytes, a better gauge of therapeutic success, and a better guidance of tissue‐engineering‐based regenerative strategies that attempt to replace lost NP tissue. Most importantly, a clear definition will further the understanding of physiology and function of NP cells, ultimately driving development of novel cell‐based therapeutic modalities. The Spine Research Interest Group at the 2014 Annual ORS Meeting in New Orleans convened with the task of compiling a working definition of the NP cell phenotype with hope that a consensus statement will propel disc research forward into the future. Based on evaluation of recent studies describing characteristic NP markers and their physiologic relevance, we make the recommendation of the following healthy NP phenotypic markers: stabilized expression of HIF‐1α, GLUT‐1, aggrecan/collagen II ratio >20, Shh, Brachyury, KRT18/19, CA12, and CD24. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:???–???, 2015.
A glacial cryptic refuge in south‐east Australia: human occupation and mobility from 36 000 years ago in the Sydney Basin, New South Wales
Authors: WILLIAMS ALAN N. , ATKINSON FENELLA , LAU MICHELLE , TOMS PHILLIP S. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTExcavations across a source‐bordering dune overlooking the Hawkesbury River in north‐west Sydney, Australia, suggest initial occupation of the region by at least 36 ka, with variable but uninterrupted use until the early Holocene; following abandonment, the site was then re‐occupied by ∼3 ka. Along with a handful of other sites, the results provide the earliest reliable evidence of permanent regional populations within south‐eastern Australia, and support a model in which early colonizers followed the coastal fringe with forays along the main river systems. The evidence is consistent with the demographic model of Williams, 2013 (Proceedings of the Royal Society Series B 280: 20130486), which suggested low, but established regional populations before the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), a population nadir following the LGM and increasing use of the region from ∼12 to 8 ka. The site exhibits increased use at the onset and peak of the LGM, and provides an example of a cryptic refuge as defined by Smith, 2013 (The Archaeology of Australia's Deserts. Cambridge University Press: New York). Specifically, changing artefact densities and attributes show the site was used repeatedly, but for shorter periods through this time, and suggest it formed one of a series of key localities in a point‐to‐point (rather than home‐base) subsistence strategy. This strategy was maintained until the site's abandonment in the early Holocene, despite changing population and climatic conditions through the Terminal Pleistocene.
Determination of bioavailability and identification of collagen peptide in blood after oral ingestion of gelatin
Authors: Wang Lin , Wang Qing , Liang Qiufang , He Yuanqing , Wang Zhenbin , He Song , Xu Junmin , Ma Haile 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDGelatin has long been widely used in foods, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and other products. However, there are few reports on its bioavailability and bioavailable forms. In this study, the bioavailability of gelatin was indirectly evaluated by the determining the bioavailability of total hydroxyproline in gelatin using a pharmacokinetic method after oral administration to rats.RESULTSThe relative and absolute bioavailability of gelatin were 74.12% and 85.97%, respectively. The amino acid profile of plasma indicated that 41.91% of the digested gelatin was absorbed from the intestine in the form of peptide, and there was a good linear correlation between the absorbed amount of an amino acid and its content in gelatin (R2 = 0.9566). Moreover, 17 types of collagen peptide were purified by multi‐step chromatography and identified with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation–mass spectrometry.CONCLUSIONGelatin had high oral bioavailability. Nearly half of digested gelatin was absorbed from the intestine in the form of various collagen peptides. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Design of parallel transmission radiofrequency pulses robust against respiration in cardiac MRI at 7 Tesla
Authors: Schmitter Sebastian , Wu Xiaoping , Uğurbil Kâmil , Van de Moortele Pierre‐François 
Published: November 2014

PurposeTwo‐spoke parallel transmission (pTX) radiofrequency (RF) pulses have been demonstrated in cardiac MRI at 7T. However, current pulse designs rely on a single set of B1+/B0 maps that may not be valid for subsequent scans acquired at another phase of the respiration cycle because of organ displacement. Such mismatches may yield severe excitation profile degradation.MethodsB1+/B0 maps were obtained, using 16 transmit channels at 7T, at three breath‐hold positions: exhale, half‐inhale, and inhale. Standard and robust RF pulses were designed using maps obtained at exhale only, and at multiple respiratory positions, respectively. Excitation patterns were analyzed for all positions using Bloch simulations. Flip‐angle homogeneity was compared in vivo in cardiac CINE acquisitions.ResultsStandard one‐ and two‐spoke pTX RF pulses are sensitive to breath‐hold position, primarily due to B1+ alterations, with high dependency on excitation trajectory for two spokes. In vivo excitation inhomogeneity varied from nRMSE = 8.2% (exhale) up to 32.5% (inhale) with the standard design; much more stable results were obtained with the robust design with nRMSE = 9.1% (exhale) and 10.6% (inhale).ConclusionA new pTX RF pulse design robust against respiration induced variations of B1+/B0 maps is demonstrated and is expected to have a positive impact on cardiac MRI in breath‐hold, free‐breathing, and real‐time acquisitions. Magn Reson Med 74:1291–1305, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Temperature Regimes of the Active Layer and Seasonally Frozen Ground under a Forest‐Steppe Mosaic, Mongolia
Authors: Dashtseren Avirmed , Ishikawa Mamoru , Iijima Yoshihiro , Jambaljav Yamkin 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTPermafrost underlying forested north‐facing slopes and seasonally frozen ground underlying mountain steppes on south‐facing slopes co‐exist within a small mountain basin that represents the most general landscape type in northern central Mongolia. A 5‐year time series of hydro‐meteorological parameters on these slopes is presented in order to identify the factors controlling ground temperature regimes. A thick organic layer (0.2–0.4 m) beneath the forest on a north‐facing slope impedes the effects of summer air temperature on the ground, and the forest canopy strongly blocks downward shortwave radiation during summer. Active layer thickness was determined by summer warmth. The mountain steppe on a dry south‐facing slope receives a large amount of downward shortwave radiation compared to an adjacent forested slope, and therefore the surface temperature exceeds air temperature during summer, leading to a warm soil profile. In winter, snow cover was the main factor controlling interannual variations in the thickness of seasonally frozen ground. The onset of soil thawing in the forested area was later than in the mountain steppe, even though soil freezing began simultaneously in both areas. Overall, the forest cover keeps the ground cool and allows permafrost to persist in this region. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Band alignment and effective work function of atomic‐layer deposited VO2 and V2O5 films on SiO2 and Al2O3
Authors: Cerbu F. , Chou H.‐S. , Radu I. P. , Martens K. , Peter A. P. , Afanas'ev V. V. , Stesmans A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe effective work function (EWF) and the energy position of the valence band in 20‐40‐nm thick VO2and V2O5layers grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on top of insulating SiO2 and γ‐Al2O3 films were evaluated using the comparison between capacitance‐voltage and internal photoemission measurements. From the capacitance measured at different temperatures on the metal‐VO2(V2O5)‐insulator‐silicon and metal‐insulator‐silicon diodes we found that the both studied vanadium oxides have the same EWF as gold electrodes evaporated on the same oxides. This result is further collaborated by the internal photoemission experiments at the VO2/SiO2 and V2O5/SiO2 interfaces which indicate the energy barrier between the top of the vanadium oxide valence band (in the insulating phase) and the insulator conduction band to be 4.1 ± 0.1 eV. Since the transition from the narrow‐gap VO2 to the wide‐gap V2O5 oxide causes no change in the WF or in the photoemission threshold, we conclude that the ALD‐grown VO2 in its insulating phase represents a a heavily‐doped semiconductor which becomes metallic upon metal‐insulator transition without significant EWF change. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)