bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Business-Cycle Analysis and Zero-Crossings of Time Series: A Generalized Forecast Approach
Authors: Wildi Marc 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe propose an extension of classic time series approaches to business-cycle measurement called Simple Sign Accuracy (SSA), which addresses zero-crossings of a zero-mean stationary time series. Zero-crossings or sign-changes of the growth-rate of an economic indicator mark transitions between expansion and contraction episodes which can be related to business-cycles. The length or, more specifically, the mean duration between consecutive zero-crossings of a predictor, can be controlled in our approach by subjecting a variation of the classic optimization criterion to a novel ‘holding time’ constraint. The proposed criterion embodies a prediction trilemma which recognizes the fundamental trade-offs between accuracy, timeliness and smoothness (ATS). As a result, the SSA-criterion can address a multiplicity of design priorities in terms of ATS forecast performances, and the classic mean-square error paradigm is obtained as a special case when assigning weight only to the accuracy component. We also show that SSA can be interpreted as an extension of classic smoothing algorithms and that the approach lends itself for customization of existing benchmark predictors. The latter possibility is exploited in a real-time analysis (nowcasting) of the US business cycle, whereby SSA is plugged onto a well-known benchmark to modify the latter’s characteristics in terms of ATS performances.
Emissions of CO2 and CH4 from Agricultural Soil with Kitchen Compost at Different Temperatures
Authors: Chau Tran Thi Minh , Someya Takashi , Akao Satoshi , Nakamura Masato , Oritate Fumiko , Somura Hiroaki , Yamane Shinzo , Maeda Morihiro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEmissions of CO2 from the soil are mainly derived from soil microbial respiration, whereas CH4 emissions originate from anaerobic degradation of organic matter via microbial processes. Kitchen waste compost is used in the agricultural sector to improve soil quality. However, abiotic CO2 and CH4 emissions from soils amended with kitchen waste compost under aerobic conditions remain uncertain. Temperature plays an important role in organic matter decomposition in both biotic and abiotic pathways. This study aimed to evaluate biotic and abiotic emissions of CO2 and CH4 from soils receiving kitchen compost at different temperatures. Ten grams of soil amended with or without 0.1 g kitchen compost (1%) were sterilized or non-sterilized. The mixture and soil-only samples were incubated in 100-mL glass bottles at 20, 30, and 35 °C for 28 d under an aerobic condition. The results showed that CO2 and CH4 emissions increased at higher temperatures and compost application rates (p < 0.05). Emissions of CO2 mainly occurred via biotic pathways. Abiotic processes were potential pathways for CH4 generation, particularly at high temperatures of 35 °C. There was 20–24% of C in kitchen compost changed to CO2 and less than 0.1% to CH4. Our results suggest that global warming enhances abiotic CO2 and CH4 emissions and may contribute to further global warming.
Green AI: exploring carbon footprints, mitigation strategies, and trade offs in large language model training
Authors: Liu Vivian , Yin Yiqiao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProminent works in the space of Natural Language Processing (NLP) have long attempted to create new innovative models by improving upon previous model training approaches, altering model architecture, and developing more in-depth datasets to better their performance. However, with the quickly advancing field of NLP comes increased greenhouse gas emissions, posing concerns over the environmental damage caused by training LLMs. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the various costs, particularly those pertaining to environmental aspects, that are associated with artificial intelligence serves as the foundational basis for ensuring safe AI models. Currently, investigations into the CO2 emissions of AI models remain an emerging area of research, and as such, we evaluate the CO2 emissions of well-known large language models, which have an especially high carbon footprint due to their significant amount of model parameters. We argue for the training of LLMs in a way that is responsible and sustainable by suggesting measures for reducing carbon emissions. Furthermore, we discuss how the choice of hardware affects CO2 emissions by contrasting the CO2 emissions during model training for two widely used GPUs. Based on our results, we present the benefits and drawbacks of our proposed solutions and make the argument for the possibility of training more environmentally safe AI models without sacrificing their robustness and performance.
Guidelines for holistic integrative management of pancreatic cancer
Authors:   China Anti-Cancer Association Committee of Pancreatic Cancer, Yu Xianjun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Pancreatic cancer ranks 10th in the incidence rate of malignant tumors in male, and 12th in female. Pancreatic cancer is the sixth leading cause of tumor-related deaths in China. It is a devastating malignancy with poor prognosis.

Methods
Driven by the concept of "integrated medicine", the China Anti-Cancer Association Committee of Pancreatic Cancer organized relevant experts to complete this guideline.

Results
This guideline aims to guide the integrated treatment and rehabilitation management of pancreatic cancer in an all-round way based on "Preventing, Screening, Diagnosing, Treating, and Rehabilitating".

Conclusions
We hope that this guideline will provide effective references for clinicians, so as to achieve the best treatment effects for pancreatic cancer patients in China.
Advancing Cloud Classification Over the Tibetan Plateau: A New Algorithm Reveals Seasonal and Diurnal Variations
Authors: Bao Fangling , Letu Husi , Shang Huazhe , Ri Xu , Chen Deliang , Yao Tandong , Wei Lesi , Tang Chenqian , Yin Shuai , Ji Dabin , Lei Yonghui , Shi Chong , Peng Yiran , Shi Jiancheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe cloud classification algorithm widely used in the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) tends to underestimate low clouds over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), often mistaking water clouds for high‐level clouds. To address this issue, we propose a new algorithm based on cloud‐top temperature and optical thickness, which we apply to TP using Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) geostationary satellite data. Compared with Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System cloud‐type products and ISCCP results obtained from AHI data, this new algorithm markedly improved low‐cloud detection accuracy and better aligned with cloud phase results. Validation with lidar cloud‐type products further confirmed the superiority of this new algorithm. Diurnal cloud variations over the TP show morning dominance shifting to afternoon high clouds and evening mid‐level clouds. Winter is dominated by high clouds, summer by mid‐level clouds, spring by daytime low clouds and nighttime high clouds, and autumn by low and mid‐level clouds.
Role of the Antarctic Circumpolar Circulation in Current Asymmetric Arctic and Antarctic Warming
Authors: Wang Peixi , Yang Song , Li Zhenning , Song Zhaoyang , Li Xichen , Hu Xiaoming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBoth historical observations and recent modeling studies reveal a faster warming in the Arctic compared to the Antarctic. To understand the role of the Antarctic Circumpolar Circulation (ACC) in this warming asymmetry, we simulate the climate mean state and climate response to doubled CO2 under different climate mean ACC states by closing or opening the Drake Passage (DP) with the Community Earth System Model. From closed to open DP, a stronger climate mean ACC leads to a stronger climate mean Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), as well as a colder Antarctic but a warmer Arctic in the climate mean state. The less climate mean sea ice coverage in a warmer Arctic implies less extensive sea ice melting under global warming. This causes a reduced asymmetry in warming between the two poles in response to the doubled CO2.
Basal Force Fluctuations and Granular Rheology: Linking Macroscopic Descriptions of Granular Flows to Bed Forces With Implications for Monitoring Signals
Authors: Zrelak P. , Breard E. C. P. , Dufek J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGranular flows are ubiquitous in nature with single flows traversing a wide range of dynamic conditions from initiation to deposition. Many of these flows are responsible for significant hazards and can generate remotely detectable seismic signals. These signals provide a potential for real‐time flow measurements from a safe distance. To fully realize the benefit of seismic measurements, basal‐granular forces must be linked to macroscopic internal flow dynamics across a wide range of flow conditions. We utilize discrete element simulations to observe dry and submerged granular flows under plane‐shear and inclined‐flow configurations, relating bulk kinematics to basal‐force distributions. We find that the power and frequency of force fluctuations scale with non‐dimensional shear rate (I). This scaling tracks three pre‐established regimes that are described by μ(I) rheology: (a) an intermittent particle rearrangement regime, where basal forces are dominated by low frequencies; (b) an intermediate regime where basal forces start to increase in frequency while showing correlations in space and (c) a fully collisional regime where the signal is nearly flat up to a cutoff frequency. We further identify a newly defined fourth regime that marks a “phase change” from the intermediate to collisional regime where increases in basal force fluctuations with increasing shear rates stalls as the granular bed dilates, partially destroying the contact network. This effort suggests that basal forces can be used to interpret complex granular processes in geophysical flows.
Anneal-free ultra-low loss silicon nitride integrated photonics
Authors: Bose Debapam , Harrington Mark W. , Isichenko Andrei , Liu Kaikai , Wang Jiawei , Chauhan Nitesh , Newman Zachary L. , Blumenthal Daniel J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHeterogeneous and monolithic integration of the versatile low-loss silicon nitride platform with low-temperature materials such as silicon electronics and photonics, III–V compound semiconductors, lithium niobate, organics, and glasses has been inhibited by the need for high-temperature annealing as well as the need for different process flows for thin and thick waveguides. New techniques are needed to maintain the state-of-the-art losses, nonlinear properties, and CMOS-compatible processes while enabling this next generation of 3D silicon nitride integration. We report a significant advance in silicon nitride integrated photonics, demonstrating the lowest losses to date for an anneal-free process at a maximum temperature 250 °C, with the same deuterated silane based fabrication flow, for nitride and oxide, for an order of magnitude range in nitride thickness without requiring stress mitigation or polishing. We report record low anneal-free losses for both nitride core and oxide cladding, enabling 1.77 dB m-1 loss and 14.9 million Q for 80 nm nitride core waveguides, more than half an order magnitude lower loss than previously reported sub 300 °C process. For 800 nm-thick nitride, we achieve as good as 8.66 dB m−1 loss and 4.03 million Q, the highest reported Q for a low temperature processed resonator with equivalent device area, with a median of loss and Q of 13.9 dB m−1 and 2.59 million each respectively. We demonstrate laser stabilization with over 4 orders of magnitude frequency noise reduction using a thin nitride reference cavity, and using a thick nitride micro-resonator we demonstrate OPO, over two octave supercontinuum generation, and four-wave mixing and parametric gain with the lowest reported optical parametric oscillation threshold per unit resonator length. These results represent a significant step towards a uniform ultra-low loss silicon nitride homogeneous and heterogeneous platform for both thin and thick waveguides capable of linear and nonlinear photonic circuits and integration with low-temperature materials and processes.
Bovine colostrum prevents formula-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis in preterm pigs
Authors: Yang Lin , Hui Yan , Thymann Thomas , Nielsen Dennis Sandris , Jiang Ping-Ping , Sangild Per Torp 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Preterm birth and formula feeding increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a gut inflammatory disease known to be associated with gut microbiota (GM) changes in infants. Supplemental bovine colostrum may protect against formula-induced NEC via GM changes. We hypothesised that feeding colostrum before, after, or during formula feeding affects NEC sensitivity via changes to GM.

Methods
Colonic GM (profiled by 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing) was compared in preterm pigs fed colostrum for 4 days, either before, after, or together with formula feeding for 4 days. Correlations between GM and gut parameters were assessed on day 5 or 9.

Results
Both exclusive and partial colostrum feeding induced higher GM diversity, lower Enterococcus abundance, and improved intestinal maturation parameters (villus structure, digestive enzyme activities, permeability), relative to exclusive formula feeding (all p < 0.05). Across feeding regimens, Enterococcus abundance was inversely correlated with intestinal maturation parameters. Conversely, there was no correlation between GM changes and early NEC lesions.

Conclusion
Bovine colostrum inhibits formula-induced Enterococcus overgrowth and gut dysfunctions just after preterm birth but these effects are not causally linked. Optimising diet-related host responses, not GM, may be critical to prevent NEC in preterm newborn pigs and infants.

Impact

Supplement of bovine colostrum to formula feeding modified the gut microbiota by increasing species diversity and reducing Enterococcus abundance, while concurrently improving intestinal functions in preterm pigs.

Diet-related changes to the gut microbiota were not clearly associated with development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm pigs, suggesting that diet-related gut microbiota effects are not critical for diet-related NEC protection.

The study highlights the potential to use bovine colostrum as a supplement to formula feeding for preterm infants lacking human milk.
Modulation of dlPFC function and decision-making capacity by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in methamphetamine use disorder
Authors: Liu Qingming , Cui Huimin , Li Jiali , Shen Ying , Zhang Lei , Zheng Hui 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study explores the impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on decision-making capabilities in individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD), alongside potential underlying psychological mechanisms. Employing the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and computational modeling techniques, we assessed the decision-making processes of 50 male MUD participants (24 underwent rTMS treatment, 26 received no treatment) and 39 healthy controls (HC). We compared pre- and post-rTMS treatment alterations in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Results revealed inferior performance in the IGT among the MUD group, characterized by aberrant model parameters in the Value-Plus-Perseverance (VPP) model, including heightened learning rate, outcome sensitivity, and reinforcement learning weight, alongside diminished response consistency and loss aversion. RTMS treatment demonstrated efficacy in reducing craving scores, enhancing decision-making abilities, and partially restoring normalcy to certain model parameters in the MUD cohort. Nonetheless, no linear relationship between changes in model parameters and craving was observed. These findings lend support to the somatic marker hypothesis, implicating the dlPFC in the decision-making deficits observed in MUD, with rTMS potentially ameliorating these deficits by modulating the function of these brain regions. This study not only offers novel insights and methodologies for MUD rehabilitation but also underscores the necessity for further research to corroborate and refine these findings. Trial Registration www.chictr.org.cn Identifier: No. ChiCTR17013610.
Daratumumab in transplant-eligible patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: final analysis of clinically relevant subgroups in GRIFFIN
Authors: Chari Ajai , Kaufman Jonathan L. , Laubach Jacob , Sborov Douglas W. , Reeves Brandi , Rodriguez Cesar , Silbermann Rebecca , Costa Luciano J. , Anderson Larry D. , Nathwani Nitya , Shah Nina , Bumma Naresh , Holstein Sarah A. , Costello Caitlin , Jakubowiak Andrzej , Wildes Tanya M. , Orlowski Robert Z. , Shain Kenneth H. , Cowan Andrew J. , Pei Huiling , Cortoos Annelore , Patel Sharmila , Lin Thomas S. , Voorhees Peter M. , Usmani Saad Z. , Richardson Paul G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe randomized, phase 2 GRIFFIN study (NCT02874742) evaluated daratumumab plus lenalidomide/bortezomib/dexamethasone (D-RVd) in transplant-eligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM). We present final post hoc analyses (median follow-up, 49.6 months) of clinically relevant subgroups, including patients with high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities (HRCAs) per revised definition (del[17p], t[4;14], t[14;16], t[14;20], and/or gain/amp[1q21]). Patients received 4 induction cycles (D-RVd/RVd), high-dose therapy/transplant, 2 consolidation cycles (D-RVd/RVd), and lenalidomide±daratumumab maintenance (≤ 2 years). Minimal residual disease–negativity (10−5) rates were higher for D-RVd versus RVd in patients ≥ 65 years (67.9% vs 17.9%), with HRCAs (54.8% vs 32.4%), and with gain/amp(1q21) (61.8% vs 28.6%). D-RVd showed a trend toward improved progression-free survival versus RVd (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]) in patients ≥ 65 years (0.29 [0.06–1.48]), with HRCAs (0.38 [0.14–1.01]), and with gain/amp(1q21) (0.42 [0.14–1.27]). In the functional high-risk subgroup (not MRD negative at the end of consolidation), the hazard ratio was 0.82 (0.35–1.89). Among patients ≥ 65 years, grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE) rates were higher for D-RVd versus RVd (88.9% vs 77.8%), as were TEAEs leading to discontinuation of ≥ 1 treatment component (37.0% vs 25.9%). One D-RVd patient died due to an unrelated TEAE. These results support the addition of daratumumab to RVd in transplant-eligible patients with high-risk NDMM.
Scoping an interdisciplinary model of student dental therapists in maxillofacial trauma
Authors: Sidhu Sharanbir K. , Murray Sarah M. , Chatzopoulou Domniki , Holmes Simon 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroduction This paper outlines a short pilot programme to assess the feasibility of an interdisciplinary model of involving student dental therapists in the management of maxillofacial trauma patients. It involved dental therapy students attending an oral and maxillofacial surgery trauma review clinic at a major trauma hospital in London, UK.Approach The small cohort of 15 second-year dental hygiene and therapy (BSc in Oral Health) students attended the trauma clinic once a week in pairs, over a period of six weeks, after which they completed a survey questionnaire.Findings No students had previous experience of dealing with trauma patients. The majority (81.8%) had learnt something by attending the clinic. Almost all (91.7%) had not thought previously about the importance of oral hygiene in maxillofacial trauma patients. By the end of the pilot programme, ten students (83.3%) felt that they had a role to play in the care of these trauma patients and they felt valued as members of the wider team.Conclusion These initial findings suggest that the scheme has potential for incorporation of maxillofacial trauma experience within the formal dental therapy curriculum. This would prepare them for future involvement in the management of maxillofacial trauma patients to promote oral health benefits and more widely, to work as a team member in interprofessional health care.
Inhibition of topoisomerase 2 catalytic activity impacts the integrity of heterochromatin and repetitive DNA and leads to interlinks between clustered repeats
Authors: Amoiridis Michalis , Verigos John , Meaburn Karen , Gittens William H. , Ye Tao , Neale Matthew J. , Soutoglou Evi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDNA replication and transcription generate DNA supercoiling, which can cause topological stress and intertwining of daughter chromatin fibers, posing challenges to the completion of DNA replication and chromosome segregation. Type II topoisomerases (Top2s) are enzymes that relieve DNA supercoiling and decatenate braided sister chromatids. How Top2 complexes deal with the topological challenges in different chromatin contexts, and whether all chromosomal contexts are subjected equally to torsional stress and require Top2 activity is unknown. Here we show that catalytic inhibition of the Top2 complex in interphase has a profound effect on the stability of heterochromatin and repetitive DNA elements. Mechanistically, we find that catalytically inactive Top2 is trapped around heterochromatin leading to DNA breaks and unresolved catenates, which necessitate the recruitment of the structure specific endonuclease, Ercc1-XPF, in an SLX4- and SUMO-dependent manner. Our data are consistent with a model in which Top2 complex resolves not only catenates between sister chromatids but also inter-chromosomal catenates between clustered repetitive elements.
HEARTSVG: a fast and accurate method for identifying spatially variable genes in large-scale spatial transcriptomics
Authors: Yuan Xin , Ma Yanran , Gao Ruitian , Cui Shuya , Wang Yifan , Fa Botao , Ma Shiyang , Wei Ting , Ma Shuangge , Yu Zhangsheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIdentifying spatially variable genes (SVGs) is crucial for understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of diseases and tissue structures, posing a distinctive challenge in spatial transcriptomics research. We propose HEARTSVG, a distribution-free, test-based method for fast and accurately identifying spatially variable genes in large-scale spatial transcriptomic data. Extensive simulations demonstrate that HEARTSVG outperforms state-of-the-art methods with higher $${F}_{1}$$

F

1

scores (average $${F}_{1}$$

F

1

Score=0.948), improved computational efficiency, scalability, and reduced false positives (FPs). Through analysis of twelve real datasets from various spatial transcriptomic technologies, HEARTSVG identifies a greater number of biologically significant SVGs (average AUC = 0.792) than other comparative methods without prespecifying spatial patterns. Furthermore, by clustering SVGs, we uncover two distinct tumor spatial domains characterized by unique spatial expression patterns, spatial-temporal locations, and biological functions in human colorectal cancer data, unraveling the complexity of tumors.