bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between non‐restorative sleep, short sleep duration and suicidality: Findings from a representative sample of Korean adolescents
Authors: Park Jae Hong , Yoo Jae‐Ho , Kim Seong Hwan 
Published: December 2012

AimsThis study clarifies the associations among sleep duration, non‐restorative sleep, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a representative sample of Korean adolescents.MethodsAnalyses are based on data from the 2007 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web‐based Survey. The survey used a cross‐sectional, national and representative sample consisting of 78 843 students (grades 7–12) who were selected using a stratified, clustered, multistage sampling method. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to test the association between sleep and suicide variables while controlling for demographic characteristics and other potential risk factors of suicide.ResultsFewer than 4 h of sleep and a lack of feeling refreshed after sleeping increased the likelihood of suicidal ideation but not of suicide attempts.ConclusionsNon‐restorative sleep as well as short sleep duration are significantly associated with suicidal ideation in adolescents. This finding highlights the need to assess for both non‐restorative sleep and short sleep duration when screening suicide risk in adolescents. Future research should examine the moderating or mediating effects of individual and environmental characteristics on the association between sleep and actual suicide attempt.
Isolation and characterization of a single‐stranded RNA virus that infects the marine planktonic diatom Chaetoceros sp. (SS08‐C03)
Authors: Tomaru Yuji , Toyoda Kensuke , Kimura Kei , Takao Yoshitake , Sakurada Kiyonari , Nakayama Natsuko , Nagasaki Keizo 
Published: December 2012

SummaryDiatoms are the major primary producers in the world's aquatic environment; hence, their dynamics are an important focus in current studies. Viruses, along with other physical, chemical, and biological factors, have recently been recognized as potential factors of diatom mortality. We isolated and characterized a new diatom virus (Csp03RNAV) that causes lysis of the marine planktonic diatom Chaetoceros sp. strain SS08‐C03 isolated from Hiroshima Bay, Japan. Here, we present the physiology, morphology, and genome characteristics of this virus. Csp03RNAV was isolated from surface waters of Yatsushiro Sea, Japan. Virions were icosahedral and 32 nm in diameter, and accumulated in the cytoplasm of the host cells. The latent period was estimated to be <48 h. Csp03RNAV harbors a single‐stranded RNA genome, which has 9417 bases encoding two open reading frames that code for putative replication‐related proteins and putative structural proteins, respectively. The monophyly of Csp03RNAV and the other known diatom‐infecting single‐stranded RNA viruses (genus Bacillarnavirus), Rhizosolenia setigera RNA virus, Chaetoceros socialis f. radians RNA virus, and Chaetoceros tenuissimus RNA virus was strongly supported by phylogenetic analysis based on the amino acid sequence of the RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase domain. On the basis of these results, Csp03RNAV is considered to be a new member of the genus Bacillarnavirus.
Neonatal renal venous thrombosis followed by secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism
Authors: Nakashima Hideyuki , Kibe Tetsuya , Ohro Yoichiro , Fujita Naoya 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA male infant was diagnosed as having renal venous thrombosis (RVT) in association with bilateral flank masses, macroscopic hematuria, and thrombocytopenia. In the course of supportive treatment, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and metabolic acidosis became prominent. Plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone increased markedly. Treatment with sufficient sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate intake was effective. It is important to note that tubular damage by RVT causes secondary pseudohypoaldosteronism.
Long survival of congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia patient with NO inhalation and epoprostenol: Effect of sildenafil, beraprost and bosentan
Authors: Kodama Yoshihiko , Tao Katsuo , Ishida Fumihiko , Kawakami Tadashi , Tsuchiya Keiji , Ishida Kazuo , Takemura Tamiko , Nakazawa Atsuko , Matsuoka Kentaro , Yoda Hitoshi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe case is described herein of a patient with alveolar capillary dysplasia with double‐outlet right ventricle and duodenal atresia who survived for a remarkably long time. The newborn girl was born at a gestational age of 36 weeks and weighed 1926 g. One min after delivery the Apgar score was 4. The patient had persistent pulmonary hypertension (PH) and needed nitric oxide inhalation and i.v. epoprostenol all through her life. Although other oral medications for PH were tried, they could not be used in practice because of gastrointestinal complications. The patient died on the 237th day of life as a result of worsening PH associated with infection.
Radiographic morphology of fallopian tubes in women of child‐bearing potential: A descriptive study
Authors: Han Xiangjun , Wang Leiguang , Wang Suihuang , Chou Yi , Liu Xudong , Guo Chenghao , Chen Jing 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to determine the radiographic morphological characteristics of fallopian tubes in women of child‐bearing age.Material and MethodsFrom 2007 to 2008 we retrospectively collected records from women aged 19–45 years undergoing fertility evaluation who had normal salpingograms. Women were excluded if they had abnormal imaging on salpingogram, ultrasound, or hysteroscopy, and if they had any history of pelvic disease or pathology, were febrile, or were taking oral contraceptives at the time of the salpingogram.ResultsWe analyzed the salpingograms from 100 women. The interstitial portion of the tube is funnel‐shaped. The mean diameter of the proximal tubal opening was 1.07 ± 0.43 mm. The mean length of the interstitial portion was 5.27 ± 4.28 mm, and the mean internal diameters of the middle and distal segments of the interstitial portion were 0.50 ± 0.22 mm and 0.32 ± 0.12 mm, respectively. The narrowest part of the fallopian tube was the distal segment of the interstitial portion, which is significantly different from the internal diameter of the isthmus (0.46 ± 0.28 mm) (P < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study provides detailed data of the normal fallopian tube that may be of value in the development of new contraceptive agents, as well as infertility treatments.
The austerity bargain and the social self: conceptual clarity surrounding health cutbacks
Authors: Buchanan David A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAs necessary austerity measures make major inroads into western health services, this paper investigates the philology of austerity and finds that there are two subtly similar yet importantly different derivations from the Latin and the Greek. The Latin austerus is an abstract term meaning dry, harsh, sour; whereas the Greek austeros has a more embodied and literal meaning of making the tongue dry. What seems an initially subtle difference between the metaphorical and the metonymic plays out as involving seriously different outcomes between harsh economic measures and the literal effects on the people suffering under measures that actually make the tongue dry. The paper argues that between the trope and the literal that which Wittgenstein described as ‘a language game’ ensues wherein the metaphorical through a sleight of grammar is passed off as being real while, the literal effects on real people is downplayed as metaphorical ‘collateral damage’. The paper further argues that within this grammar that forces itself upon us, the game of capital is played out through what the author terms an austerity bargain that is levelled by the financial elites: healthy capitalism equals a healthy society. The paper then examines the six elements of the social determinants of health and what actually contributes to a healthy society. Rather than being under an individual threat of exclusion from what Marx termed a superabundance, the paper considers the irreducible differences between the game of capital's individualism, and, the social determinants of health's social inclusion, legitimization and that which Habermas termed public authentication. The paper concludes that not only do necessary austerity measures need to be critiqued but that they radically undermine what determines a healthy society. It follows also that the social determinants of health, radically undermine the bargain inherent for the privileged few within the game of capital.
Provision of healthcare in the context of financial crisis: approaches to the Greek health system and international implications
Authors: Milionis Charalampos 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBoth healthcare professionals and the healthcare system must defend each patient's health individually while simultaneously seeking to protect the population's health in general. Nowadays, there is an important increase in the cost of healthcare supply, mainly due to the developments of medical science, the public's expectations and the demographic ageing. Since healthcare resources are not unlimited, it is obvious that immoderate consumption of them by certain patients limits the use of the same funds by others. Therefore, we have to seek an optimal distribution of the existing resources in order to manage a constriction of expenses, especially under the circumstances of the modern economic crisis. The criteria of effectiveness and efficiency should be used. Health policies focus on both the public's behaviour and the rules of medical practice. Under the modern challenges the physician's role is particularly important for the protection of the patient's health and the promotion of public health.
A Small Number of Candidate Gene SNPs Reveal Continental Ancestry in African Americans
Authors: Kodaman Nuri , Aldrich Melinda C. , Smith Jeffrey R. , Signorello Lisa B. , Bradley Kevin , Breyer Joan , Cohen Sarah S. , Long Jirong , Cai Qiuyin , Giles Justin , Bush William S. , Blot William J. , Matthews Charles E. , Williams Scott M. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryUsing genetic data from an obesity candidate gene study of self‐reported African Americans and European Americans, we investigated the number of Ancestry Informative Markers (AIMs) and candidate gene SNPs necessary to infer continental ancestry. Proportions of African and European ancestry were assessed with STRUCTURE (K = 2), using 276 AIMs. These reference values were compared to estimates derived using 120, 60, 30, and 15 SNP subsets randomly chosen from the 276 AIMs and from 1144 SNPs in 44 candidate genes. All subsets generated estimates of ancestry consistent with the reference estimates, with mean correlations greater than 0.99 for all subsets of AIMs, and mean correlations of 0.99 ± 0.003; 0.98 ± 0.01; 0.93 ± 0.03; and 0.81 ± 0.11 for subsets of 120, 60, 30, and 15 candidate gene SNPs, respectively. Among African Americans, the median absolute difference from reference African ancestry values ranged from 0.01 to 0.03 for the four AIMs subsets and from 0.03 to 0.09 for the four candidate gene SNP subsets. Furthermore, YRI/CEU Fst values provided a metric to predict the performance of candidate gene SNPs. Our results demonstrate that a small number of SNPs randomly selected from candidate genes can be used to estimate admixture proportions in African Americans reliably.
Parental mosaicism of a novel PMP22 mutation with a minimal neuropathic phenotype
Authors: Taioli Federica , Bertolasi Laura , Ajena Domenico , Ferrarini Moreno , Cabrini Ilaria , Crestanello Alberto , Fabrizi Gian Maria 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGenetic germinal and somatic mosaicisms of dominant Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) mutations are rarely reported and/or recognized. We describe a novel heterozygous p.Trp39Cys missense mutation in the extracellular domain of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) associated with an early‐onset demyelinating CMT type 1 E (CMT1E) in two siblings born from asymptomatic non‐consanguineous parents. The 29‐year‐old mother, harboring approximately 20% of the mutant PMP22 allele in blood, had minor signs of distal polyneuropathy (pes cavus, decreased ankle jerk reflexes and vibration sense in legs) and slight reduction of sural nerve action potentials (SNAPs). Authors suggest that mutations of CMT‐related genes which originate in post‐zygotic stages may be associated with mild phenotypes of peripheral neuropathy.
Privileged Accumulation Spaces and Restrictions on Development of State‐Business Relations in Argentina (1966–1989)
Authors: Castellani Ana 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe aim of this work is to explain how the state‐business relation has influenced economic development in Argentina. I will make a historical and systemic analysis of the Argentinian case to illustrate how and why state‐business relations supporting privileged accumulation spaces (PAS) increased development restrictions from 1966 to 1989.During this period, successive governments shared a common view about the central role the state had to perform for industrialization, especially by supporting the growth of big domestic industrial companies. This view would only radically change in 1989, when neoliberal structural reforms were implemented.To support this hypothesis, I suggest a methodological strategy that combines several techniques and sources in order to analyze the evolution of three complex variables and their multiple relations: state economic intervention, business behavior, and performance by large corporations.
Closed‐Loop Supply Chains: A Critical Review, and Future Research*
Authors: Souza Gilvan C. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTIn this article, I present a review and tutorial of the literature on closed‐loop supply chains, which are supply chains where, in addition to typical forward flows, there are reverse flows of used products (postconsumer use) back to manufacturers. Examples include supply chains with consumer returns, leasing options, and end‐of‐use returns with remanufacturing. I classify the literature in terms of strategic, tactical, and operational issues, but I focus on strategic issues (such as when should an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) remanufacture, response to take‐back legislation, and network design, among others) and tactical issues (used product acquisition and disposition decisions). The article is written in the form of a tutorial, where for each topic I present a base model with underlying assumptions and results, comment on extensions, and conclude with my view on needed research areas.
Antioxidative Activities of Ginkgo biloba Extract on Oil/Water Emulsion System Prepared from an Enzymatically Modified Lipid Containing Alpha‐Linolenic Acid
Authors: Yang Dan , Gan Lu‐Jing , Shin Jung‐Ah , Kim Sunju , Hong Soon‐Taek , Park Sang‐Hyun , Lee Jeung Hee , Lee Ki‐Teak 
Published: December 2012

Abstract:  The desired mix of alpha‐linolenic acid (ALA)‐enriched structured lipid (SL) and physically blended lipid (PB) was prepared from grape seed oil and perilla oil at a weight ratio of 3:1. The major triacylglycerol species (LnLnL) in PB was drastically increased after interesterification (SL), from 0.5% to 16.8%. After the reaction, the total unsaturated fatty acid at the sn‐2 position was decreased from 98.83% in PB to 91.36% in SL. The reduction of vitamin E compounds was also observed. Compared with a PB‐based emulsion, SL‐based emulsions showed oxidative instability, as assessed by lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) and 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) values, which was mainly due to the SL which contained less LA, ALA, and ΣUSFA at the sn‐2 position and less γ‐tocopherol than did PB. PB‐, and SL‐based emulsions with Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) which showed significantly lower values of LOOH and TBARS compared to a blank control. GBE was effective in retarding the oxidation of the emulsion by quenching the free radicals in the water phase of the emulsion and inhibiting the formation of primary and secondary oxidation products. These results indicate that GBE could be used as an antioxidant additive for stabilizing ALA‐enriched emulsions.Practical Application:  The results suggest the possibility to supplement Ginkgo biloba extract in alpha linolenic acid‐enriched structured lipid‐based emulsions which would increase the therapeutic value and enhance the antioxidant potential of the emulsions.
Reconstruction of Physicochemical Environment of Hydrothermal Mineralization at Malanjkhand Copper Deposit, Central India: Constraints from Sulfur Isotope Ratios in Pyrite, Molybdenite and Chalcopyrite
Authors: Panigrahi Mruganka K. , Pandit Dinseh , Naik Rajesh K. , Ishihara Shunso 
Published: December 2012

Abstractδ34S values of pyrite, molybdenite and chalcopyrite were determined from the Malanjkhand copper deposit. These minerals constitute the primary sulfide phases that were deposited after the initial magnetite deposition in the main orebody and host granitoid. Pyrite exhibits a depleted range of values (−2.63 to −0.56‰), chalcopyrite, a very narrow range of values around zero (−0.039 to 0.201‰) and molybdenite furnishes a range of enriched values (0.68 to 1.98‰). On back calculation of the δ34S values of H2S in the fluid from which the minerals were likely to have precipitated, using standard expressions for equilibrium fractionation at the temperature range obtained from fluid inclusion and mineral fluid equilibria, it is observed that H2S in the fluid at pyrite deposition was depleted and gradually became enriched towards molybdenite and chalcopyrite deposition. This trend is best explained as being due to inorganic reduction of SO42− in the fluid and is very much in agreement with the paragenetic sequence indicating increasing activity of H2S in the fluid. The very restricted range in the δ34S values of sulfide minerals in the fluid does indicate a single, possibly magmatic, source of sulfur that also agrees well with the earlier deduced model of genesis of the deposit as an ancient geothermal system associated with granitic magmatism.
The expression of O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase in human oral keratinocytes stimulated with arecoline
Authors: Lee Shiuan‐Shinn , Tsai Chung‐Hung , Yu Cheng‐Chia , Ho Yung‐Chuan , Hsu Hsin‐I , Chang Yu‐Chao 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundO6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a DNA repair enzyme that can protect cells from carcinogenic effects of alkylating agents by removing adducts from the O6 position of guanine. Evidences indicated that areca quid chewing may increase the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study was to investigate the role of MGMT expression in OSCCs and the normal oral tissues.MethodsThirty‐two OSCCs from areca quid chewers and ten normal oral tissue biopsy samples without areca quid chewing were analyzed by the immunohistochemistry for MGMT. Primary human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) were challenged with arecoline, the major alkaloid of areca nut, by Western blot. Nicotine, an important component of cigarette smoke, was added to find the possible regulatory mechanisms.ResultsSignificant association was observed between low MGMT expression and advanced clinical stage of OSCCs and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.03). MGMT expression was significantly higher in patients only chewing areca quid than patients both chewing areca quid and smoking (P = 0.028). Arecoline was found to elevate MGMT expression in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. The addition of nicotine was found to enhance arecoline‐induced MGMT expression.ConclusionOur results indicate that MGMT could be used clinically as a predictive marker for tumor processing, the potential for lymph node metastasis as well as advanced clinical stage. MGMT expression was significantly upregulated by arecoline in HOKs. Nicotine has a synergistic effect of arecoline‐induced MGMT expression. The cigarette smoking may act synergistically in the pathogenesis of OSCC in areca quid chewers via the upregulation of MGMT.
Off‐label use of medicines in paediatric inpatients at an Australian teaching hospital
Authors: Ballard Christopher DJ , Peterson Gregory M , Thompson Angus J , Beggs Sean A 
Published: December 2012

AimThe study aims to investigate the prevalence of off‐label prescribing in the general paediatric ward at a major teaching hospital in Tasmania, Australia.MethodThe drug charts and medical records from two groups of 150 consecutive paediatric patients, admitted 6 months apart in July 2009 and January 2010, were studied retrospectively. Patients were required to spend at least one night in hospital and be aged less than 12 years. Each prescribed drug was compared with the approved product information to determine if the usage was off‐label. Data concerning documented informed consent and adverse drug reactions were also recorded.ResultsThree hundred patients were prescribed a total of 887 medicines. Of these, 31.8% were off‐label and 57.3% of children received an off‐label medication. There was no significant seasonal variation in patient characteristics or prescriptions. Drugs were most commonly off‐label due to their dosage or frequency of administration. Of the 106 different drugs used, the use of 51 was off‐label on at least one occasion, and for 30 drugs their use was off‐label on more than 75% of occasions. The drugs most commonly used off‐label were oxycodone, salbutamol and paracetamol. No informed consent documentation was identified, and two of five recorded adverse drug reactions were associated with off‐label drug use.ConclusionOff‐label use of medicines occurred frequently in paediatric inpatients. The available evidence often supported off‐label medication use. An improved system for the revision of approved drug information and an Australian guideline for paediatric prescribing are needed.
The impact of global climate change on genetic diversity within populations and species
Authors: Pauls Steffen U. , Nowak Carsten , Bálint Miklós , Pfenninger Markus 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGenetic diversity provides the basic substrate for evolution, yet few studies assess the impacts of global climate change (GCC) on intraspecific genetic variation. In this review, we highlight the importance of incorporating neutral and non‐neutral genetic diversity when assessing the impacts of GCC, for example, in studies that aim to predict the future distribution and fate of a species or ecological community. Specifically, we address the following questions: Why study the effects of GCC on intraspecific genetic diversity? How does GCC affect genetic diversity? How is the effect of GCC on genetic diversity currently studied? Where is potential for future research? For each of these questions, we provide a general background and highlight case studies across the animal, plant and microbial kingdoms. We further discuss how cryptic diversity can affect GCC assessments, how genetic diversity can be integrated into studies that aim to predict species' responses on GCC and how conservation efforts related to GCC can incorporate and profit from inclusion of genetic diversity assessments. We argue that studying the fate of intraspecifc genetic diversity is an indispensable and logical venture if we are to fully understand the consequences of GCC on biodiversity on all levels.