bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID and the Heart–Arrhythmia in COVID-19: A Case Report
Authors: Narvas Nicy F , Gaspar-Trinidad Emma Y 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND: A 65-year-old man, Filipino, with comorbidities consulted because of shortness of breath. Chest computed tomography scan showed ground-glass opacities and crazy paving patterns (computed tomography severity score = 29). He required oxygen at 4 L/min, with bradycardia. Cardiac enzymes and transthoracic echocardiogram did not show abnormalities. Serial electrocardiogram and electrolytes showed arrhythmia and electrolyte imbalance.

Accumulated evidence showed that cardiac involvement is common in patients with COVID-19. Atrial and ventricular arrhythmia is common even if there is no history of arrhythmia, normal cardiac biomarkers, and transthoracic echocardiogram. Different mechanisms have been proposed for the cause of electrolyte imbalance (see Discussion) that may lead to arrhythmia. Both potassium and calcium were used as a marker of clinical severity and worse prognosis in patients with COVID-19.

CONCLUSION: Arrhythmia in COVID-19 patients are more frequent in elderly with comorbidities. Close monitoring and correction of electrolyte imbalance are important to prevent arrhythmia, which can sometimes be fatal.
Risk Factors for the Development of Nosocomial Pneumonia and Its Clinical Impact in Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Gerodias Ferdinand R , Ongjoco Edgar Y , Castro Rod T , Masbang Armin , Repotente Elmer Casley T , Cruz Darwin T. Dela , Gata Heidi Louise B , Nierras Christine Megan D 
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION: The development of pneumonia after cardiac surgery is a significant postoperative complication that may lead to worse clinical outcomes. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with it and determine its clinical impact in terms of in-hospital mortality and morbidity.

METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study among all adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery from 2014 to 2019 in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines. Baseline characteristics and risk factors for pneumonia were retrieved from medical records. Nosocomial pneumonia was based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Odds ratios from logistic regression were computed to determine risk factors and clinical outcomes for pneumonia using STATA 15.0 (StataCorp, College Station, Texas).

RESULTS: Of 373 patients included, 104 (28%) acquired pneumonia. Most surgeries were ere coronary artery bypass grafting (71.58%). Age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, left ventricular/ renal dysfunction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/asthma, surgical urgency, surgical time, and smoking did not show association with pneumonia development. However, preoperative stay of >2 days was associated with 92.3% increased odds of having pneumonia (P = 0.009). Also, every additional hour on mechanical ventilation conferred 0.8% greater odds of acquiring pneumonia (P = 0.003). Patients who developed pneumonia had 3.9-times odds of mortality (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.51–9.89; P = 0.005), 3.8-times odds of prolonged hospitalization (95% CI, 1.81–7.90; P < 0.001), 6.4-times odds of prolonged intensive care unit stay (95% CI, 3.59–11.35; P < 0.001), and 9.5-times odds of postoperative reintubation (95% CI, 3.01–29.76; P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: Among adult patients undergoing cardiac surgeries, prolonged preoperative hospital stay and prolonged mechanical ventilation were associated with an increased risk of nosocomial pneumonia. Those who developed pneumonia had worse outcomes with significantly increased in-hospital mortality, prolonged hospitalization/intensive care unit stay, and increased postoperative reintubation. Clinicians should therefore minimize delays in surgery and encourage timely liberation from mechanical ventilation after surgery.
Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Sikap Ibu tentang Pemilihan Pijat Bayi yang Dilakukan oleh Bidan dan Dukun di Kelurahan Pegirian Kecamatan Semampir Surabaya
Authors: Putri Ardelia Savinka Anandrian , Sari Gadis Meinar , Ningrum Astika Gita , Puspitasari Dwiyanti 
Published: July 2024

Apabila bayi sehat dan memiliki kualitas hidup yang baik, angka kematian bayi dapat menurun. Pijat bayi dapat membantu bayi tumbuh lebih baik dan tetap sehat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dengan sikap ibu tentang pemilihan pijat bayi yang dilakukan oleh bidan dan dukun di Kelurahan Pegirian Surabaya.Metode penelitian menggunakan kuantitatif analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Besar sampel yaitu 63 responden dengan teknik pengambilan sampel consecutive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan uji chi-square. Sebagian besar responden memiliki pengetahuan baik sebanyak 40 responden (63,49%), serta sebagian besar responden memilih pijat bayi oleh bidan sebanyak 33 responden (52,38%). Hasil uji chi-square menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap ibu tentang pemilihan pijat bayi oleh bidan dan dukun (p<0,01). Ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan sikap ibu tentang pemilihan pijat bayi yang dilakukan oleh bidan dan dukun di Kelurahan Pegirian Kecamatan Semampir Kota Surabaya.
Profil Penggunaan Obat Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) Pediatri Rawat Jalan di RS Muhammadiyah Selogiri
Authors: Wijayanti Fitri , Endrawati Susi , Wahyuningsih Sri Saptuti 
Published: July 2024

Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan infeksi saluran pernapasan yang mampu berlangsung sampai 14hari, Keluhan yang sering ditimbulkan yaitu demam, bersin, batuk, sakit tenggorokan, influenza, sakit kepala, tubuh lemah dan nyeri sendi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui profil penggunaan obat ISPA pediatri rawat Jalan di Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Selogiri. Jenis ini adalah penelitian non eksperimental dianalisis secara deskriptif non analitik dengan pengumpulan data dilakukan secara retrospektif terhadap data rekam medis resep obat pasien bulan Oktober – Desember 2021 yang disajikan dalam bentuk tabel, diagram, atau grafik serta dihitung persentasenya. Data dikaji dengan pedoman standar penatalaksanaan pemilihan obat dan aturan pakai obat ISPA menurut WHO: Model Formulary for Children 2010 dan Depkes RI: Pharmaceutical Care untuk Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan 2005. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata – rata penggunaan obat terapi ISPA Pediatri untuk antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan adalah dolongan penisilin yaitu amoxicillin 59,37%. Terapi suportif obat simptomatik analgetik - antipiretik 79,07%, obat saluran cerna 4,65%, obat saluran pernafasan 35,04%, obat kortikosteroid 37,21% dan antihistamin 24,03%. Kesimpulan penggunaan obat ISPA pediatri rawat jalan Rumah Sakit Muhammadiyah Selogiri Wonogiri memenuhi standar pedoman penatalaksanaan dari WHO: Model formulary for children 2010 dan Depkes RI: Pharmaceutical Care untuk Penyakit Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan 2005.
Daya Analgetik Fraksi Tak Larut N-Heksana dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Ketela Rambat (Ipomoea batatas L) pada Mencit yang Diinduksi dengan Etil Asetat
Authors: Hastuti Siwi , Pratama Bangkit Ary 
Published: July 2024

Ketela rambat (Ipomoea batatas L) mengandung flavonoid, polifenol dan saponin. Daun ketela rambat telah menunjukkan efek analgetik dan antiinflamasi pada sediaan ekstrak etanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas analgetik fraksi tak larut n-heksana dari ekstrak etanol daun ketela rambat pada mencit yang diberi rangsang nyeri asam asetat. Ekstraksi simplisia dilakukan secara maserasi dengan etanol 70%, sedangkan fraksinasi dengan n-heksana. Kelompok uji yaitu kelompok I (Asetosal 65 mg/kgBB), kelompok II (air sebagai kontrol negatif), kelompok III, IV dan V (fraksi tak larut n-heksana dari ekstrak etanol daun ketela rambat dosis 25, 50 dan 100 mg/kgBB). Masing-masing kelompok diberi sediaan uji secara per oral, sesaat kemudian diinjeksikan asam asetat 1% secara intraperitoneal. Geliat mencit dicatat setiap lima menit selama satu jam. Jumlah geliat digunakan untuk menghitung persentase daya analgetik. Hasil persentase daya analgetik sediaan uji berturut-turut pada dosis 25, 50 dan 100 mg/kgBB adalah (12,49±2,00)%, (48,33±1,69)% dan (55,62±1,63)%, sedangkan asetosal mempunyai persentase daya anagetik sebesar (57,91±0,84)%. Hasil uji one way Anova menunjukkan nilai p = 0,000 berarti ada perbedaan yang signifikan. Namun pada uji post hoc test, antar perlakuan uji ditunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan kecuali antara sediaan uji dosis 100 mg/kgBB dengan asetosal. Daun ketela rambat berpotensi sebagai bahan obat analgetik yang baru.
Efeitos das estratégias de comunicação na decisão de compra de alimentos industrializados em Mato Grosso
Authors: Rocha Ronaldy Felipe Santos , Bacarji Alencar Garcia 
Published: July 2024

Uma das estratégias das indústrias de alimentos é oferecer ao consumidor produtos semelhantes aos produtos in natura, como o que ocorre com as bebidas de frutas industrializadas, podendo ser encontradas como suco, néctar e refresco, diferenciando apenas as porcentagens de polpa da fruta nesses alimentos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar a relação existente entre o perfil do consumidor de alimentos industrializados e a influência das estratégias de comunicação sobre a decisão de compra de alimentos industrializados em Cuiabá e Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso. Especificamente, pretendeu-se identificar os hábitos e preferências dos consumidores de produtos alimentícios industrializados e, avaliar a decisão de compra dos consumidores por meio de ilustrações digitais de um ou mais produtos alimentícios industrializados fictícios. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi realizada um desk research acerca da temática escolhida. Em seguida, foi realizada a coleta de dados através da aplicação de questionários eletrônicos. Foram obtidos 74 respondentes entre setembro de 2022 a fevereiro de 2023. Os resultados revelam que os alimentos industrializados constituem a preferência por parte dos consumidores, levando em consideração a praticidade no consumo e a agilidade na aquisição. Além disso, foi observado a importância das estratégias de comunicação no processo de aquisição de alimentos industrializados. Conclui-se que a escolha do consumidor é pautada em produtos que entreguem maior segurança à saúde, o que gera a corrida das indústrias por investimentos em novas tecnologias que ofereçam ao consumidor satisfação e segurança, utilizando para isso as estratégias de marketing a seu favor.
Western Pacific atmospheric nutrient deposition fluxes, their impact on surface ocean productivity
Authors: Martino M. , Hamilton D. , Baker A. R. , Jickells T. D. , Bromley T. , Nojiri Y. , Quack B. , Boyd P. W. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe atmospheric deposition of both macronutrients and micronutrients plays an important role in driving primary productivity, particularly in the low‐latitude ocean. We report aerosol major ion measurements for five ship‐based sampling campaigns in the western Pacific from ~25°N to 20°S and compare the results with those from Atlantic meridional transects (~50°N to 50°S) with aerosols collected and analyzed in the same laboratory, allowing full incomparability. We discuss sources of the main nutrient species (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and iron (Fe)) in the aerosols and their stoichiometry. Striking north–south gradients are evident over both basins with the Northern Hemisphere more impacted by terrestrial dust sources and anthropogenic emissions and the North Atlantic apparently more impacted than the North Pacific. We estimate the atmospheric supply rates of these nutrients and the potential impact of the atmospheric deposition on the tropical western Pacific. Our results suggest that the atmospheric deposition is P deficient relative to the needs of the resident phytoplankton. These findings suggest that atmospheric supply of N, Fe, and P increases primary productivity utilizing some of the residual excess phosphorus (P*) in the surface waters to compensate for aerosol P deficiency. Regional primary productivity is further enhanced via the stimulation of nitrogen fixation fuelled by the residual atmospheric iron and P*. Our stoichiometric calculations reveal that a P* of 0.1 µmol L−1 can offset the P deficiency in atmospheric supply for many months. This study suggests that atmospheric deposition may sustain ~10% of primary production in both the western tropical Pacific.
Characterizing the annual cycle of African dust transport to the Caribbean Basin and South America and its impact on the environment and air quality
Authors: Prospero Joseph M. , Collard François‐Xavier , Molinié Jack , Jeannot Alexis 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDecades of aerosol measurements on Barbados have yielded a detailed picture of African mineral dust transport to the Caribbean Basin that shows a strong seasonal cycle with a maximum in boreal summer and a minimum in winter. Satellite aerosol products suggest that in spring, there is a comparable transport to northeastern South America. Here we characterize the complete annual cycle of dust transport to the western Atlantic by linking the Barbados record to multiyear records of airborne particulate matter less than 10 µm diameter (PM10) measured in air quality programs at Cayenne (French Guiana) and Guadeloupe. Comparisons of PM10 at these sites with concurrent dust measurements at Barbados demonstrate that high PM10 levels are almost entirely due to dust. Cayenne PM10 peaks in spring in a cycle which is consistent with satellite aerosol optical depth and suggests that the Sahel is the dominant source. The persistent transport of dust during much of the year could impact a wide range of environmental processes over a broad region that extends from the southern United States to the Amazon Basin. Finally, the average 24 h PM10 concentrations at Cayenne and Guadeloupe frequently exceed the World Health Organization air quality guideline. Thus soil dust PM10 could be a significant, but generally unrecognized, health factor at western Atlantic sites and also in other relatively remote regions affected by long‐range dust from Africa. Because dust emissions and transport are highly sensitive to climate variability, climate change in coming decades could greatly affect a wide range of biogeochemical processes and human health in this region.
Soil nitrogen dynamics within profiles of a managed moist temperate forest chronosequence consistent with long‐term harvesting‐induced losses
Authors: Kellman Lisa , Kumar Sanjeev , Diochon Amanda 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study investigates whether clear‐cut forest harvesting leads to alterations in the decadal‐scale biogeochemical nitrogen (N) cycles of moist temperate forest ecosystems. Using a harvested temperate red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) forest chronosequence in Nova Scotia, Canada, representing <1 to >80 year old postharvest conditions, alongside a reference old‐growth (125+ year old) site with no documented history of disturbance, we examine harvesting‐related changes in soil N pools and fluxes. Specifically, we quantify soil N storage with depth and age across the forest chronosequence, examine changes in physical fractions and δ15N of soil N through depth and time, and quantify gross soil N transformation rates through depth and time using a 15N isotope dilution technique. Our findings point to a large loss of total N in the soil pool, particularly within the deep soil (>20 cm) and organomineral fractions. A pulse of available mineralized N (as ammonium) was observed following harvesting (mean residence time (MRT) > 6 days), but its MRT dropped to <1 day 80 years following harvesting, in contrast to the MRT of 2–3 days observed in the reference old‐growth forest site. These mineralization patterns coupled with inferred leaching losses to groundwater are consistent with storage estimates that suggest soil N may not reaccrue for almost a century following this disturbance.
Effects of productivity, glaciation, and ventilation on late Quaternary sedimentary redox and trace element accumulation on the Vancouver Island margin, western Canada
Authors: Chang Alice S. , Pedersen Thomas F. , Hendy Ingrid L. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractVariations in chalcophile and redox‐sensitive trace elements are examined at high‐resolution intervals from a ~50 kyr long sediment core (MD02‐2496) from the Vancouver Island margin. Enrichments of Ag, Cd, Re, U, and Mo above lithogenous levels, signifying sedimentary suboxia and anoxia, occurred during the early Holocene and Bølling/Allerød, and during warm interstadial events of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. Down‐core trace element profiles co‐vary with productivity proxy records (opal, CaCO3, and marine organic carbon), and with sedimentary nitrogen isotope ratios, which reflect variably enriched nitrate upwelled from intermediate waters that were transported northward from the Eastern Tropical North Pacific. The similarity of the MD02‐2496 record with records from the southern portion of the California Current System (CCS), and to the Greenland ice core oxygen isotope record during warm climate intervals, suggests that sedimentary redox conditions along the California Current responded to local productivity, to North Atlantic climate change and to tropical Pacific surface water processes via long‐distance teleconnections. Concentrations of trace elements and productivity proxies were relatively depleted during the Younger Dryas, cool stadial events of MIS 3, and in two episodes of glaciomarine sedimentation from ~14.7 to 30.5 kyr BP (last glacial maximum, LGM), and from 44 to 50.4 kyr BP. Cordilleran Ice Sheet advancement onto the Vancouver Island continental shelf during the LGM led to intervals of increased terrigenous sedimentation and greatly reduced productivity not seen in the southern portion of the CCS, and along with ventilation of North Pacific Intermediate Waters, resulted in brief sedimentary oxic conditions.
Principal Component Geostatistical Approach for large‐dimensional inverse problems
Authors: Kitanidis P. K. , Lee J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe quasi‐linear geostatistical approach is for weakly nonlinear underdetermined inverse problems, such as Hydraulic Tomography and Electrical Resistivity Tomography. It provides best estimates as well as measures for uncertainty quantification. However, for its textbook implementation, the approach involves iterations, to reach an optimum, and requires the determination of the Jacobian matrix, i.e., the derivative of the observation function with respect to the unknown. Although there are elegant methods for the determination of the Jacobian, the cost is high when the number of unknowns, m, and the number of observations, n, is high. It is also wasteful to compute the Jacobian for points away from the optimum. Irrespective of the issue of computing derivatives, the computational cost of implementing the method is generally of the order of m2n, though there are methods to reduce the computational cost. In this work, we present an implementation that utilizes a matrix free in terms of the Jacobian matrix Gauss‐Newton method and improves the scalability of the geostatistical inverse problem. For each iteration, it is required to perform K runs of the forward problem, where K is not just much smaller than m but can be smaller that n. The computational and storage cost of implementation of the inverse procedure scales roughly linearly with m instead of m2 as in the textbook approach. For problems of very large m, this implementation constitutes a dramatic reduction in computational cost compared to the textbook approach. Results illustrate the validity of the approach and provide insight in the conditions under which this method perform best.
Increased evaporation following widespread tree mortality limits streamflow response
Authors: Biederman J. A. , Harpold A. A. , Gochis D. J. , Ewers B. E. , Reed D. E. , Papuga S. A. , Brooks P. D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA North American epidemic of mountain pine beetle (MPB) has disturbed over 5 million ha of forest containing headwater catchments crucial to water resources. However, there are limited observations of MPB effects on partitioning of precipitation between vapor loss and streamflow, and to our knowledge these fluxes have not been observed simultaneously following disturbance. We combined eddy covariance vapor loss (V), catchment streamflow (Q), and stable isotope indicators of evaporation (E) to quantify hydrologic partitioning over 3 years in MPB‐impacted and control sites. Annual control V was conservative, varying only from 573 to 623 mm, while MPB site V varied more widely from 570 to 700 mm. During wet periods, MPB site V was greater than control V in spite of similar above‐canopy potential evapotranspiration (PET). During a wet year, annual MPB V was greater and annual Q was lower as compared to an average year, while in a dry year, essentially all water was partitioned to V. Ratios of 2H and 18O in stream and soil water showed no kinetic evaporation at the control site, while MPB isotope ratios fell below the local meteoric water line, indicating greater E and snowpack sublimation (Ss) counteracted reductions in transpiration (T) and sublimation of canopy‐intercepted snow (Sc). Increased E was possibly driven by reduced canopy shading of shortwave radiation, which averaged 21 W m−2 during summer under control forest as compared to 66 W m−2 under MPB forest. These results show that abiotic vapor losses may limit widely expected streamflow increases.
Large‐scale hydraulic tomography and joint inversion of head and tracer data using the Principal Component Geostatistical Approach (PCGA)
Authors: Lee J. , Kitanidis P. K. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe stochastic geostatistical inversion approach is widely used in subsurface inverse problems to estimate unknown parameter fields and corresponding uncertainty from noisy observations. However, the approach requires a large number of forward model runs to determine the Jacobian or sensitivity matrix, thus the computational and storage costs become prohibitive when the number of unknowns, m, and the number of observations, n increase. To overcome this challenge in large‐scale geostatistical inversion, the Principal Component Geostatistical Approach (PCGA) has recently been developed as a “matrix‐free” geostatistical inversion strategy that avoids the direct evaluation of the Jacobian matrix through the principal components (low‐rank approximation) of the prior covariance and the drift matrix with a finite difference approximation. As a result, the proposed method requires about K runs of the forward problem in each iteration independently of m and n, where K is the number of principal components and can be much less than m and n for large‐scale inverse problems. Furthermore, the PCGA is easily adaptable to different forward simulation models and various data types for which the adjoint‐state method may not be implemented suitably. In this paper, we apply the PCGA to representative subsurface inverse problems to illustrate its efficiency and scalability. The low‐rank approximation of the large‐dimensional dense prior covariance matrix is computed through a randomized eigen decomposition. A hydraulic tomography problem in which the number of observations is typically large is investigated first to validate the accuracy of the PCGA compared with the conventional geostatistical approach. Then the method is applied to a large‐scale hydraulic tomography with 3 million unknowns and it is shown that underlying subsurface structures are characterized successfully through an inversion that involves an affordable number of forward simulation runs. Lastly, we present a joint inversion of head and tracer test data using MODFLOW and MT3DMS as coupled black‐box forward simulation solvers. These applications demonstrate the advantages of the PCGA, i.e., the scalability to high‐dimensional inverse problems and the ability to utilize multiple forward models as black boxes.