bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-sectional examination of physical and social contexts of episodes of eating and drinking in a national sample of US adults
Authors: Oh April , Erinosho Temitope , Dunton Genevieve , M Perna Frank , Berrigan David 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe current study characterizes associations between physical and social contexts of self-reported primary episodes of eating/drinking and sociodemographic and obesity-related variables in US adults.DesignMultinomial logistic regression was used to analyse a nationally representative sample of adults from the 2006–2008 American Time Use Survey. Models identifying physical (where) and social (whom) contexts of primary eating/drinking episodes at the population level, controlling for demographic characteristics, weight status and time of eating, were conducted.SettingUSA.SubjectsA nationally representative sample of US adults (n21 315).ResultsEating/drinking with immediate family was positively associated with age (OR = 1·15 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·27) to 1·23 (95 % CI 1·09, 1·39)), education level (OR = 1·16 (95 % CI 1·03, 1·30) to 1·36 (95 % CI 1·21, 1·54)), obesity (OR = 1·13 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·22)), children in the household (OR = 3·39 (95 % CI 3·14, 3·66)) and time of day (OR = 1·70 (95 % CI 1·39, 2·07) to 5·73 (95 % CI 4·70, 6·99)). Eating in the workplace was negatively associated with female gender (OR = 0·65 (95 % CI 0·60, 0·70)) and children in the household (OR = 0·90 (95 % CI 0·83, 0·98)), while positively associated with non-white status (OR = 1·14 (95 % CI 1·01, 1·29) to 1·47 (95 % CI 1·32, 1·65)) and time of day (OR = 0·25 (95 % CI 0·28, 0·30) to 5·65 (95 % CI 4·66, 6·85)). Women (OR = 0·80 (95 % CI 0·74, 0·86)), those aged >34 years (OR = 0·48 (95 % CI 0·43, 0·54) to 0·83 (95 % CI 0·74, 0·93)) and respondents with children (OR = 0·69 (95 % CI 0·63, 0·75)) were less likely to eat in a restaurant/bar/retail than at home. Overweight and obese respondents had a greater odds of reporting an episode of eating in social situationsv. alone (e.g. immediate family and extended family; OR = 1·13 (95 % CI 1·04, 1·22)) and episodes occurring in restaurant/bar/retail locations (OR = 1·12 (95 % CI 1·03, 1·23) to 1·14 (95 % CI 1·05, 1·24)).ConclusionsFindings underscore the multidimensional nature of describing eating/drinking episodes. Social and physical contexts for eating/drinking and their demographic correlates suggest opportunities for tailoring interventions related to diet and may inform intervention targeting and scope.
Implementation of A Better Choice Healthy Food and Drink Supply Strategy for staff and visitors in government-owned health facilities in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Miller Jane , Lee Amanda , Obersky Natalie , Edwards Rachael 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe present paper reports on a quality improvement activity examining implementation of A Better Choice Healthy Food and Drink Supply Strategy for Queensland Health Facilities (A Better Choice). A Better Choice is a policy to increase supply and promotion of healthy foods and drinks and decrease supply and promotion of energy-dense, nutrient-poor choices in all food supply areas including food outlets, staff dining rooms, vending machines, tea trolleys, coffee carts, leased premises, catering, fundraising, promotion and advertising.DesignAn online survey targeted 278 facility managers to collect self-reported quantitative and qualitative data. Telephone interviews were sought concurrently with the twenty-five A Better Choice district contact officers to gather qualitative information.SettingPublic sector-owned and -operated health facilities in Queensland, Australia.SubjectsOne hundred and thirty-four facility managers and twenty-four district contact officers participated with response rates of 48·2 % and 96·0 %, respectively.ResultsOf facility managers, 78·4 % reported implementation of more than half of the A Better Choice requirements including 24·6 % who reported full strategy implementation. Reported implementation was highest in food outlets, staff dining rooms, tea trolleys, coffee carts, internal catering and drink vending machines. Reported implementation was more problematic in snack vending machines, external catering, leased premises and fundraising.ConclusionsDespite methodological challenges, the study suggests that policy approaches to improve the food and drink supply can be implemented successfully in public-sector health facilities, although results can be limited in some areas. A Better Choice may provide a model for improving food supply in other health and workplace settings.
Graph analysis of dream reports is especially informative about psychosis
Authors: Mota Natália B. , Furtado Raimundo , Maia Pedro P. C. , Copelli Mauro , Ribeiro Sidarta 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEarly psychiatry investigated dreams to understand psychopathologies. Contemporary psychiatry, which neglects dreams, has been criticized for lack of objectivity. In search of quantitative insight into the structure of psychotic speech, we investigated speech graph attributes (SGA) in patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder type I and non-psychotic controls as they reported waking and dream contents. Schizophrenic subjects spoke with reduced connectivity, in tight correlation with negative and cognitive symptoms measured by standard psychometric scales. Bipolar and control subjects were undistinguishable by waking reports, but in dream reports bipolar subjects showed significantly less connectivity. Dream-related SGA outperformed psychometric scores or waking-related data for group sorting. Altogether, the results indicate that online and offline processing, the two most fundamental modes of brain operation, produce nearly opposite effects on recollections: While dreaming exposes differences in the mnemonic records across individuals, waking dampens distinctions. The results also demonstrate the feasibility of the differential diagnosis of psychosis based on the analysis of dream graphs, pointing to a fast, low-cost and language-invariant tool for psychiatric diagnosis and the objective search for biomarkers. The Freudian notion that “dreams are the royal road to the unconscious” is clinically useful, after all.
TEMPRANILLO is a regulator of juvenility in plants
Authors: Sgamma Tiziana , Jackson Alison , Muleo Rosario , Thomas Brian , Massiah Andrea 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMany plants are incapable of flowering in inductive daylengths during the early juvenile vegetative phase (JVP). Arabidopsis mutants with reduced expression of TEMPRANILLO (TEM), a repressor of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) had a shorter JVP than wild-type plants. Reciprocal changes in mRNA expression of TEM and FT were observed in both Arabidopsis and antirrhinum, which correlated with the length of the JVP. FT expression was induced just prior to the end of the JVP and levels of TEM1 mRNA declined rapidly at the time when FT mRNA levels were shown to increase. TEM orthologs were isolated from antirrhinum (AmTEM) and olive (OeTEM) and were expressed most highly during their juvenile phase. AmTEM functionally complemented AtTEM1 in the tem1 mutant and over-expression of AmTEM prolonged the JVP through repression of FT and CONSTANS (CO). We propose that TEM may have a general role in regulating JVP in herbaceous and woody species.
Synthetic genetic array screen identifies PP2A as a therapeutic target in Mad2-overexpressing tumors
Authors: Bian Yang , Kitagawa Risa , Bansal Parmil K. , Fujii Yo , Stepanov Alexander , Kitagawa Katsumi 
Published: January 2014

Significance
The spindle checkpoint is required for proper chromosome segregation. Mitotic arrest deficiency 2 (Mad2), a component of the spindle checkpoint, is overexpressed in many cancer cells. This phenotype can be used to specifically kill Mad2-overexpressing tumor cells. Because the spindle checkpoint pathway is highly conserved between yeast and humans, we performed a screen to identify mutants in which Mad2 overexpression kills yeast cells. The screen revealed that Mad2 overexpression induced lethality in 13 gene deletions. Among the human homologs of the 13 candidate genes, a gene encoding protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) significantly inhibited the growth of Mad2-overexpressing tumor cells. These results indicate that PP2A can be a specific therapeutic target in Mad2-overexpressing tumors.
INCA: a computational platform for isotopically non-stationary metabolic flux analysis
Authors: Young Jamey D. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Summary: 13C flux analysis studies have become an essential component of metabolic engineering research. The scope of these studies has gradually expanded to include both isotopically steady-state and transient labeling experiments, the latter of which are uniquely applicable to photosynthetic organisms and slow-to-label mammalian cell cultures. Isotopomer network compartmental analysis (INCA) is the first publicly available software package that can perform both steady-state metabolic flux analysis and isotopically non-stationary metabolic flux analysis. The software provides a framework for comprehensive analysis of metabolic networks using mass balances and elementary metabolite unit balances. The generation of balance equations and their computational solution is completely automated and can be performed on networks of arbitrary complexity.
Availability and implementation: MATLAB p-code files are freely available for non-commercial use and can be downloaded at http://mfa.vueinnovations.com. Commercial licenses are also available.
Contact: j.d.young@vanderbilt.edu
Structural integrity of the PCI domain of eIF3a/TIF32 is required for mRNA recruitment to the 43S pre-initiation complexes
Authors: Khoshnevis Sohail , Gunišová Stanislava , Vlčková Vladislava , Kouba Tomáš , Neumann Piotr , Beznosková Petra , Ficner Ralf , Valášek Leoš Shivaya 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Transfer of genetic information from genes into proteins is mediated by messenger RNA (mRNA) that must be first recruited to ribosomal pre-initiation complexes (PICs) by a mechanism that is still poorly understood. Recent studies showed that besides eIF4F and poly(A)-binding protein, eIF3 also plays a critical role in this process, yet the molecular mechanism of its action is unknown. We showed previously that the PCI domain of the eIF3c/NIP1 subunit of yeast eIF3 is involved in RNA binding. To assess the role of the second PCI domain of eIF3 present in eIF3a/TIF32, we performed its mutational analysis and identified a 10-Ala-substitution (Box37) that severely reduces amounts of model mRNA in the 43–48S PICs in vivo as the major, if not the only, detectable defect. Crystal structure analysis of the a/TIF32-PCI domain at 2.65-Å resolution showed that it is required for integrity of the eIF3 core and, similarly to the c/NIP1-PCI, is capable of RNA binding. The putative RNA-binding surface defined by positively charged areas contains two Box37 residues, R363 and K364. Their substitutions with alanines severely impair the mRNA recruitment step in vivo suggesting that a/TIF32-PCI represents one of the key domains ensuring stable and efficient mRNA delivery to the PICs.
Cellular localization and dynamics of the Mrr type IV restriction endonuclease of Escherichia coli
Authors: Ghosh Anirban , Passaris Ioannis , Tesfazgi Mebrhatu Mehari , Rocha Susana , Vanoirbeek Kristof , Hofkens Johan , Aertsen Abram 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In this study, we examined the intracellular whereabouts of Mrr, a cryptic type IV restriction endonuclease of Escherichia coli K12, in response to different conditions. In absence of stimuli triggering its activity, Mrr was found to be strongly associated with the nucleoid as a number of discrete foci, suggesting the presence of Mrr hotspots on the chromosome. Previously established elicitors of Mrr activity, such as exposure to high (hydrostatic) pressure (HP) or expression of the HhaII methyltransferase, both caused nucleoid condensation and an unexpected coalescence of Mrr foci. However, although the resulting Mrr/nucleoid complex was stable when triggered with HhaII, it tended to be only short-lived when elicited with HP. Moreover, HP-mediated activation of Mrr typically led to cellular blebbing, suggesting a link between chromosome and cellular integrity. Interestingly, Mrr variants could be isolated that were specifically compromised in either HhaII- or HP-dependent activation, underscoring a mechanistic difference in the way both triggers activate Mrr. In general, our results reveal that Mrr can take part in complex spatial distributions on the nucleoid and can be engaged in distinct modes of activity.
Base excision repair of oxidative DNA damage coupled with removal of a CAG repeat hairpin attenuates trinucleotide repeat expansion
Authors: Xu Meng , Lai Yanhao , Torner Justin , Zhang Yanbin , Zhang Zunzhen , Liu Yuan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Trinucleotide repeat (TNR) expansion is responsible for numerous human neurodegenerative diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies have shown that DNA base excision repair (BER) can mediate TNR expansion and deletion by removing base lesions in different locations of a TNR tract, indicating that BER can promote or prevent TNR expansion in a damage location–dependent manner. In this study, we provide the first evidence that the repair of a DNA base lesion located in the loop region of a CAG repeat hairpin can remove the hairpin, attenuating repeat expansion. We found that an 8-oxoguanine located in the loop region of CAG hairpins of varying sizes was removed by OGG1 leaving an abasic site that was subsequently 5′-incised by AP endonuclease 1, introducing a single-strand breakage in the hairpin loop. This converted the hairpin into a double-flap intermediate with a 5′- and 3′-flap that was cleaved by flap endonuclease 1 and a 3′-5′ endonuclease Mus81/Eme1, resulting in complete or partial removal of the CAG hairpin. This further resulted in prevention and attenuation of repeat expansion. Our results demonstrate that TNR expansion can be prevented via BER in hairpin loops that is coupled with the removal of TNR hairpins.
PIP degron proteins, substrates of CRL4Cdt2, and not PIP boxes, interfere with DNA polymerase η and κ focus formation on UV damage
Authors: Tsanov Nikolay , Kermi Chames , Coulombe Philippe , Van der Laan Siem , Hodroj Dana , Maiorano Domenico 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a well-known scaffold for many DNA replication and repair proteins, but how the switch between partners is regulated is currently unclear. Interaction with PCNA occurs via a domain known as a PCNA-Interacting Protein motif (PIP box). More recently, an additional specialized PIP box has been described, the « PIP degron », that targets PCNA-interacting proteins for proteasomal degradation via the E3 ubiquitin ligase CRL4Cdt2. Here we provide evidence that CRL4Cdt2-dependent degradation of PIP degron proteins plays a role in the switch of PCNA partners during the DNA damage response by facilitating accumulation of translesion synthesis DNA polymerases into nuclear foci. We show that expression of a nondegradable PIP degron (Cdt1) impairs both Pol η and Pol κ focus formation on ultraviolet irradiation and reduces cell viability, while canonical PIP box-containing proteins have no effect. Furthermore, we identify PIP degron-containing peptides from several substrates of CRL4Cdt2 as efficient inhibitors of Pol η foci formation. By site-directed mutagenesis we show that inhibition depends on a conserved threonine residue that confers high affinity for PCNA-binding. Altogether these findings reveal an important regulative role for the CRL4Cdt2 pathway in the switch of PCNA partners on DNA damage.
Vernaculars and the Idea of a Standard Language
Authors: Linn Andrew 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis chapter deals with the processes by which the European vernaculars gained prestige vis-à-vis Latin from the late Middle Ages onwards. It addresses the “idea” of a standard language and how this has been advanced by particular actors and institutions across Europe, focusing primarily on the period from the Renaissance to the eighteenth century. It also considers whether standard languages are now outmoded concepts and suggests that we are now in a period characterized by destandardization.
Introduction
Authors: Roberson Quinetta M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Diversity refers to differences among people. While such differences are characteristic of the human race, socio-cultural and economic trends have given rise to such variation in organizational workforces as well. To keep pace with society and the changing business environment, researchers across a number of disciplines have studied the phenomenon in an effort to understand its meaning, import, operation and consequences in organizations. The purpose of this chapter is to consider the environmental trends that have changed the composition of workforces and brought diversity to the forefront as an important management and research concern. In addition, it provides a tour of the structure of the volume and topics covered, which illustrate the diversity of this science and its application to work and organizations.
Moving Beyond a Categorical Approach to Diversity: The Role of Demographic Faultlines
Authors: Thatcher Sherry M. B. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Recent research has suggested a conciliation of the different approaches to conceptualizing diversity through a theory of group faultlines, which are dividing lines that may split a group into subgroups based on the alignment of demographic attributes. This chapter will discuss the theory underlying faultlines and the findings of research in this area. Further, it will argue for how multi-attribute conceptualizations of diversity may be used to more accurately represent complex interactions between people and allow for more appropriate tests of the effects of heterogeneity in groups. This chapter concludes with a number of questions that faultline researchers may consider in the future.
Ideology: An Invisible yet Potent Dimension of Diversity
Authors: O’Brien Laurie T. , Gilbert Patricia N. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Recently, ideology has emerged as an important topic of inquiry among social, personality, and political psychologists as research has shown a link between people’s ideological belief systems and their attitudes toward, and evaluations of, others. This chapter will examine theory and research concerning the structure, content, and functions of ideological beliefs. In addition, the effects of such beliefs on diversity attitudes and intergroup relations will be considered. Directions for future research on ideology or worldview as an attribute of diversity will be offered.
Diversity as Disagreement: The Role of Group Conflict
Authors: Jehn Karen A. , Greer Lindred L. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Conflict is critical for determining diversity’s influence on group effectiveness. A considerable amount of work has amassed on the relationships between team diversity, conflict, and team outcomes. This chapter will briefly review recent findings and developments in this area. Three specific complexities needing future research will then be highlighted, with special attention to how diversity may promote not only conflict but also asymmetric experiences of conflict in teams. The three areas for future research are (1) the role of different conceptualizations and operationalizations of diversity in predicting the emergence and asymmetric experience of conflict in teams; (2) the impact of new and understudied forms of diversity, such as lifestyle diversity or power diversity, on conflict and conflict asymmetries; and (3) the role of the perception of diversity in activating the relationship between diversity and conflict asymmetries.
Career Development
Authors: Dawson Bryan L. , Thomas Kecia M. , Goren Matthew J. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The benefits of career development may accrue throughout one’s work life, from early career and vocational choice through to retirement. Yet are those benefits, and even career development itself, equally available to workers across various dimensions of demographic diversity—especially as we consider the informal and insidious nature of many career development options? This chapter explores the intersection of career development and workplace diversity. Specifically, we look at this intersection by asking (1) How can career development be an opportunity to promote diversity in organizations? and (2) How do career development disparities have a negative impact on the careers of marginalized workers and subsequently their employers? Special attention is paid to the subtle biases, ambient cues, and distancing behavior that may derail career development strategies, such as mentoring and networks for marginalized groups. We examine science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) careers as an important and timely career path and case study in which to consider these issues.
Law and Diversity: The Legal–Behavioral Science Divide in How to Define, Assess, and Counteract Bias
Authors: Apfelbaum Evan P. , Sommers Samuel R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBehavioral sciences and the law tend to approach issues of diversity from markedly different perspectives. The present chapter focuses on this divergence as it relates to the controversial issues of defining, assessing, and remedying racial bias. Our objective is not to offer a value judgment regarding the relative utility of either the legal or behavioral science perspective on bias, but rather to illuminate in balanced fashion the landscape of this institutional divide. For each of the three critical areas of divergence identified—how bias is defined, how bias is assessed, and how bias is remedied—we review seminal cases and standard legal practices alongside contemporary behavioral science research that offers a counterpoint to this perspective. We conclude with considerations for future work to bridge the legal–behavioral science divide.
Conclusion: Future Directions for Diversity Theory and Research
Authors: Roberson Quinetta M. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The chapters in this handbook provide a comprehensive overview of the different approaches, perspectives and levels of analysis in diversity research. In doing so, they highlight the evolution of diversity as a science and practice, emphasizing existing conceptual and actionable knowledge on managing diverse workforces and capitalizing on the benefits of diversity in organizations. Each chapter offers suggestions for future research within specific topic areas that could help generate a broader and deeper understanding of diversity in organizations. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight points of intersection among the various topic areas and put forward meaningful areas of integration within the field. Specifically, I propose and discuss directions for a future research agenda including the conceptualization of diversity, mechanisms underlying diversity effects, contextual influences, diversity management and a more universal approach to the study of diversity.
Intersectionality
Authors: Collins Patricia Hill , Chepp Valerie 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis article focuses on the idea of intersectionality, which has been accepted in a variety of disciplines such as psychology and political science. However, the definition of intersectionality has also been a source of inconsistency and ambiguity. The discussion presents a working definition of intersectionality and references Bonnie Thornton Dill’s insight on the multidimensionality of human experience. It presents several themes that can help in understanding intersectionality, its core ideas, and some of its contributions within a sociology of knowledge framework. Finally, the article discusses the two areas that have been affected by the path of intersectionality: the American political arena and women’s studies and gender scholarship.