bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of single port access gastropexy and ovariectomy using articulating instruments and angled telescopes in dogs
Authors: Runge Jeffrey J. , Mayhew Philipp D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe in dogs, a technique for single port access gastropexy and ovariectomy (SPAGO) using a commercially available multitrocar port and to evaluate short‐term outcome.DesignRetrospective case series.AnimalsDogs (n = 18).ProceduresA commercially available multitrocar port was inserted into the abdomen lateral to the rectus abdominis muscle and 2–5 cm caudal to the right rib. Dogs were tilted 45° in both left and right recumbency and bilateral ovariectomy performed using articulating graspers, a bipolar vessel sealing device and a 30° telescope. The laparoscopic assisted incisional gastropexy was performed after ovariectomy at the multitrocar port insertion site by grasping the antral portion of the stomach with a 10 mm DuVall forceps and suturing the seromuscular layer of the antral region of the stomach to the transversus abdominis muscle.ResultsEighteen dogs (median weight, 34.5 kg; range, 14.7–59.2 kg) met the inclusion criteria. Median surgical time for SPAGO was 65 minutes (range, 50–225 minutes). Intra‐operative complications included, incorrect multitrocar port placement location (n = 3) and mild hemorrhage from a splenic laceration (1) All dogs recovered from surgery and were discharged from the hospital.ConclusionsSingle port access gastropexy and ovariectomy is a feasible procedure to provide prophylaxis against gastric dilation‐volvulus and a simultaneous means of sterilization in female dogs. Careful and accurate initial multitrocar port insertion is necessary to have optimal operative viewing as well as to reduce the chances of inadvertent splenic laceration.
The role of muscle activation in cruciate disease
Authors: Adrian Caroline P. , Haussler Kevin K. , Kawcak Christopher , Reiser Raoul F. , Riegger‐Krugh Cheryl , Palmer Ross H. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Taylor Robert A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTraditional investigations into the etiopathogenesis of canine cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease have focused primarily on the biological and mechanical insults to the CCL as a passive stabilizing structure of the stifle. However, with recent collaboration between veterinarians and physical therapists, an increased focus on the role of muscle activity and aberrant motor control mechanisms associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and rehabilitation in people has been transferred and applied to dogs with CCL disease. Motor control mechanisms in both intact and cruciate‐deficient human knees may have direct translation to canine patients, because the sensory and motor components are similar, despite moderate anatomic and biomechanical differences. Components of motor control, such as muscle recruitment and the coordination and amplitudes of activation are strongly influenced by afferent proprioceptive signaling from peri‐ and intra‐articular structures, including the cruciate ligaments. In people, alterations in the timing or amplitude of muscle contractions contribute to uncoordinated movement, which can play a critical role in ACL injury, joint instability and the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). A better understanding of motor control mechanisms as they relate to canine CCL disease is vitally important in identifying modifiable risk factors and applying preventative measures, for development of improved surgical and rehabilitative treatment strategies. The purpose of this review article is to analyze the influence of altered motor control, specifically pelvic limb muscle activation, in dogs with CCL disease as evidenced by mechanisms of ACL injury and rehabilitation in people.
Form‐focused instruction and learner investment in L2 communication
Authors: Tomita Yasuyo , Spada Nina 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to examine the role of form‐focused instruction (FFI) in relation to learner investment in second language (L2) communication. Although positive effects of FFI have been reported, most of this research has been conducted from a cognitive–interactionist perspective. Little attention has been paid to the social factors of FFI, including learner investment—a desire to learn a second/foreign language taking into consideration learners' socially constructed identities (Norton Peirce, 1995). Drawing on second language socialization theory (Duff, 2007) and using discursive practices (Young, 2009) as an analytic framework, this study examines how FFI influences learner investment in L2 communication in the classroom setting. Twenty‐four high school students in Japan participated in a study, where two Japanese teachers of English team‐taught four 50‐minute lessons. Each lesson contained a 15‐minute exclusively meaning‐focused activity and a 15‐minute form‐focused activity that included attention to both form and meaning. All students completed both types of activities. Data were collected through classroom observations, video‐recorded classroom interactions, stimulated recalls, interviews, questionnaires, and diaries, all of which were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The results suggest that FFI created social contexts for learners to establish their identities as L2 learners, leading to greater investment in L2 communication.
Kurdish adolescents acquiring Turkish: Their self‐determined motivation and identification with L1 and L2 communities as predictors of L2 accent attainment
Authors: Polat Nihat , Schallert Diane L. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study, we address the particularly charged question of why young adolescent Kurds living and attending school in Turkey, where their education is conducted entirely in Turkish, acquire the accent of the regional Turkish spoken at school and in society to different degrees of native‐likeness. We have chosen to study accent because previous sociolinguistic research and social views of L2 attainment have suggested accent to be the strongest marker of L2 learners' sociocultural identification (Baugh, 1999; Bongaerts, 1999; Labov, 1972; Moyer, 2004; Scovel, 1988). Moreover, we study accent because it is a salient source of linguistic profiling (Baugh, 1999), an important factor that can influence such extrinsic social rewards as access to jobs, entry into a country, housing, or membership in a group, particularly in communities that are imbued with violent conflicts. In our study, we called upon the constructs of identification with speakers of a person's first and second languages (Duff, 2002; Norton Peirce, 1995; Spolsky, 1989) and of self‐determined motivational patterns (Dörnyei, 2005; Pintrich, 2003; Ryan & Deci, 2000) to help elucidate the differing degrees of success in attaining a native‐like Turkish accent exhibited by Kurdish youth in a Turkish‐speaking society.
Information disclosure and vaccination externalities
Authors: Shi Xinyan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper examines the information disclosure problem when both positive and negative externalities can arise for vaccination. During an epidemic outbreak, public disclosure on the level of infectiousness may potentially trigger a sudden increase in the demand for vaccination, which imposes external costs. The government has to choose an information disclosure policy to induce a level of vaccination that balances the benefits and costs of revealing information. I establish conditions under which a full disclosure is optimal in some circumstances and a non‐disclosure or partial disclosure is optimal in other circumstances. I show that the feature of partial convexity restricts the scenarios in which pooling is desirable. Indeed, I find that it is never optimal to pool a sufficiently low infectiousness state with other states.
Risk attitudes and the value of risk transformations
Authors: Denuit Michel M. , Eeckhoudt Louis 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAn increase in risk aversion, defined by a concavification of the utility function, does not always increase the willingness to pay (WTP) for a mean‐preserving reduction in risk. This is why Ross () proposed a stronger measure of increased risk aversion that maintains for mean‐preserving changes in risk the result obtained by Arrow () and Pratt () for risk elimination. Ross's () contribution was later extended to higher orders using Ekern's () notion of a higher‐degree increase in risk. In this paper, we show that these measures remain valid under less restrictive assumptions than those implied by Ekern's () approach and we refer to the concept of mean‐preserving stochastic dominance. Finally, we also extend the analysis conducted for the WTP to the willingness to accept.
Axiomatizations of second price auctions with a reserve price
Authors: Sakai Toyotaka 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn single‐item auctions, we show that an auction rule satisfies weak efficiency, strategy‐proofness, and non‐imposition if and only if it is either a second price auction with a reserve price or the no‐trade rule. In this characterization, any reserve price is endogenously derived from the three axioms. We also analyze relations between equity and efficiency axioms, and obtain alternative characterizations.
Shear bond strength of chemical and light‐cured glass ionomer cements bonded to resin composites
Authors: Farah Camile S. , Orton Vergil G. , Collard Stephen M. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA bond between glass ionomer cements (GIC) and resin composites is desirable for the success of the ‘sandwich’ restoration. Chemically cured glass ionomer cements have been the traditional materials used in this technique since its development, but etching the GIC was necessary to obtain a bond to the composite facing. Producing a very smooth GIC surface has aided in better determining the magnitude of the chemical bond between glass ionomers and resin composites. Shear testing of bonded specimens has revealed that chemical bonding is minimal (0.21 MPa) in conventional glass ionomers, but does exist (4.92 MPa) between GIC and resin composite regardless of the filler content (microfilled vs hybrid) of the composite. Thermal stressing affects the bond to resin‐modified glass ionomers, but has no significant effect on self‐cured cements. Of all combinations tested, Vitremer/Scotchbond/Silux Plus showed the highest mean shear bond strength. Based on the clinical need for an adhesive bond between GIC liner/base and resin composite, the resin‐modified glass ionomer would appear to be the material of choice.
Microvascular invasion in small hepatocellular carcinoma: Is it predictable with preoperative diffusion‐weighted imaging?
Authors: Xu Pengju , Zeng Mengsu , Liu Kai , Shan Yan , Xu Chen , Lin Jiang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground and AimThe presence of microvascular invasion (MVI) is an independent risk factor affecting recurrence‐free survival following surgical treatment for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our aim in this study was to investigate whether diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) could be useful in predicting MVI for small HCC.MethodsBreath‐hold DWI (b‐value 0, 500 s/mm2) and gadopentate dimeglumine‐enhanced dynamic imaging of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of 109 surgically proven small HCCs from 92 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The signal intensity ratio on DWI and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) for lesions were quantitatively measured. Signal intensity ratio and ADC of DWI, tumor size, tumor shape, tumor capsule, peritumoral enhancement on arterial phase images, and dynamic enhancement pattern were analyzed as radiological parameters reflecting MVI and were compared with histopathological references. The chi‐square test, Fisher's exact test, Mann–Whitney U test, and the independent t‐test were used for univariate analysis. To identify the independent predictors of MVI among these radiological parameters and to evaluate their diagnostic performance, multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed, respectively.ResultsA univariate analysis showed that a lower ADC value (P = 0.005) and irregular circumferential enhancement (P = 0.020) showed statistically significant associations with MVI. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the ADC value and irregular circumferential enhancement were independent predictors of MVI. With a cut‐off of 1.227 × 10−3 mm2/s, the ADC value provided a sensitivity of 66.7% and a specificity of 78.6% in the prediction of MVI with an odds ratio of 7.63 (P < 0.01).ConclusionsLower ADC values (< 1.227 × 10−3 mm2/s) on DWI with b‐value of 0.500 s/mm2 can be a useful preoperative predictor of MVI for small HCCs.
Endocytoscopy can provide additional diagnostic ability to magnifying chromoendoscopy for colorectal neoplasms
Authors: Kudo Shin‐ei , Mori Yuichi , Wakamura Kunihiko , Ikehara Nobunao , Ichimasa Katsuro , Wada Yoshiki , Kutsukawa Makoto , Misawa Masashi , Kudo Toyoki , Hayashi Takemasa , Miyachi Hideyuki , Inoue Haruhiro , Hamatani Shigeharu 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground and AimPit pattern (PIT) diagnosis with magnifying chromoendoscopy is effective diagnostic method for predicting a massively invasive submucosal colorectal cancer (SMm) which has possibility of metastasis, whereas endocytoscopy (EC) is recently reported to provide excellent diagnostic ability by enabling in vivo cellular visualization. The aim was to assess the additional diagnostic value of EC to PIT for diagnosing colorectal lesions.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective comparative analysis using a prospectively recorded database in a referral hospital. The subjects were 538 patients who were detected of a colorectal lesion with use of a magnifying colonoscope with EC capability. Each detected lesion was initially diagnosed by PIT findings followed by EC diagnosis by the on‐site endoscopist. The diagnostic abilities in predicting neoplastic change and SMm were compared between PIT and PIT plus EC.ResultsOverall, 514 lesions from 455 patients were available for analysis. Of them, there were 58 non‐neoplastic lesions, 352 adenomas, 15 slightly invasive submucosal cancers, and 89 SMm. The diagnostic abilities of predicting neoplastic change were comparable between PIT and PIT plus EC: sensitivity was 97.8% versus 97.4%, specificity was 91.4% versus 89.7%, and accuracy was 97.1% versus 96.5%. Regarding those of predicting SMm, PIT plus EC showed additional specificity and accuracy to PIT: specificity was 99.1% versus 97.6% (P = 0.041), and accuracy was 96.3% versus 93.8% (P = 0.004).ConclusionsThough PIT has feasible diagnostic ability for predicting both neoplastic change and SMm, EC provides additional diagnostic value to PIT diagnosis for predicting SMm.
Does shape co‐variation between the skull and the mandible have functional consequences? A 3D approach for a 3D problem
Authors: Cornette Raphaël , Baylac Michel , Souter Thibaud , Herrel Anthony 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMorpho‐functional patterns are important drivers of phenotypic diversity given their importance in a fitness‐related context. Although modularity of the mandible and skull has been studied extensively in mammals, few studies have explored shape co‐variation between these two structures. Despite being developmentally independent, the skull and mandible form a functionally integrated unit. In the present paper we use 3D surface geometric morphometric methods allowing us to explore the form of both skull and mandible in its 3D complexity using the greater white‐toothed shrew as a model. This approach allows an accurate 3D description of zones devoid of anatomical landmarks that are functionally important. Two‐block partial least‐squares approaches were used to describe the co‐variation of form between skull and mandible. Moreover, a 3D biomechanical model was used to explore the functional consequences of the observed patterns of co‐variation. Our results show the efficiency of the method in investigations of complex morpho‐functional patterns. Indeed, the description of shape co‐variation between the skull and the mandible highlighted the location and the intensity of their functional relationships through the jaw adductor muscles linking these two structures. Our results also demonstrated that shape co‐variation in form between the skull and mandible has direct functional consequences on the recruitment of muscles during biting.
Investigation of the process underpinning vowel‐size correspondence
Authors: Ohtake Yuka , Haryu Etsuko 
Published: August 2013

AbstractVowel‐size correspondence is frequently reported in the literature: Namely, the vowels a and i tend to elicit bigger and smaller images, respectively. Previous studies have speculated that two factors may contribute to this vowel‐size correspondence: the acoustical features of vowels and the speaker's kinesthetic experience of producing them. However, these two factors have been investigated without being considered separately in previous research. In this study, we investigated the process underpinning vowel‐size correspondence by using speeded classification tasks and manipulating the two factors mentioned above separately in two experiments. The results of Experiment 1 indicate that a and i elicited bigger and smaller images even in the absence of kinesthetic experience. The results of Experiment 2 indicate that the proprioception of the size of the oral cavity on its own may not contribute to vowel‐size correspondence. Thus, the acoustic features of vowels mainly contribute to vowel‐size correspondence, although other possibilities are also discussed.
Physicians' Attitude toward Female Genital Plastic Surgery: A Multinational Survey
Authors: Lowenstein Lior , Salonia Andrea , Shechter Arik , Porst Hartmut , Burri Andrea , Reisman Yacov 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Introduction
The demand for female genital plastic surgery (FGPS) has increased over the last few decades. Yet, to date, there are no objective explicit measurements to define “abnormal” appearance of genital organs. Using the results of this study, we aimed to produce a statement of the European Society for Sexual Medicine (ESSM) on FGPS practice.

Aims
To evaluate the prevalence of demand for FGPS and to explore the attitudes of sexual medicine specialists toward indications for FGPS.

Methods
Attendees of the 2012 Annual Congress of the ESSM in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, were asked to participate in a survey during the congress.

Main Outcome Measure
A 25-item self-report, closed-question questionnaire subdivided into three sections: sociodemographic data, professional background, and personal attitudes toward FGPS.

Results
Overall, a total of 360 physicians (mean age 48 years; range 23–72) from different medical disciplines completed the survey. There were diverse responses among participants regarding the definition of abnormal labial appearance and the techniques for labial reduction they perform. Overall, 65% responded that FGPS is frequently or occasionally demanded by the patients they treat. Likewise, most physicians (63%) reported that they never perform FGPS. Conversely, only 14% reported that they either frequently or occasionally perform FGPS. Almost one-third of participants believe that FGPS (labial surgery) improves sexual function. Fifty-two percent of participants answered that they believe that self image is the main reason for women to ask for labial surgery.

Conclusions
Self-image was regarded as the main factor in the demand for FGPS. Many practitioners in the field of sexual medicine recommend that women be referred for consultation with a psychiatrist or psychologist before undergoing FGPS.
Expression of Aquaporins in Prostate and Seminal Vesicles of Diabetic Rats
Authors: Pei Lijun , Yang Guosheng , Jiang Jun , Jiang Rui , Deng Qingfu , Chen Bo , Gan Xilun 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane proteins that facilitate the movement of water and many small solutes across biological membranes. Seminal fluid is primarily produced by prostate and seminal vesicles, and its production may potentially be mediated by many mechanisms related to transudation of fluid. Epidemiological data suggest that semen volume in diabetic men is significantly less than in nondiabetic men.

Aim
To investigate the change in volume of secretions of the prostate and seminal vesicles in diabetic rats and its association with the expression of AQPs 1–4.

Methods
Twenty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided among 4- and 6-week diabetic groups and 4- and 6-week control groups. Prostate and seminal vesicle secretions were collected and measured, and levels of expression of AQPs 1–4 were determined by immunohistochemical study and Western blot.

Main Outcome Measures
The levels of expression of AQPs 1–4 were determined in the prostate and seminal vesicles of diabetic rats by Western blot and immunohistochemical study.

Results
Plasma glucose was significantly higher in diabetic model groups than in controls (P &lt; 0.05). The weights of secretions of the prostate and seminal vesicles were significantly lower in diabetic model groups (P &lt; 0.05). The levels of expression of AQPs 1 and 4 in seminal vesicles were significantly lower in diabetic model groups (P &lt; 0.05). There was no difference in the level of expression of AQP3 in seminal vesicles among the groups. The levels of expression of AQPs 1, 3, and 4 in prostate were significantly lower in diabetic model groups (P &lt; 0.05). AQP2 was not detectable in the prostate or seminal vesicles of any of the groups.

Conclusions
Decreased weight of prostate secretions in diabetic rats may be partly due to decreased levels of AQPs 1, 3, and 4 in prostatic tissue. Decreased weight of seminal vesicle secretions in diabetic rats may be partly due to decreased levels of AQP1 and AQP4 in seminal vesicles. There is no relationship between the expression of AQPs 1–4 and the duration of disease.
Reconciling custom, citizenship and colonial legacies: Ni‐Vanuatu tertiary student attitudes to national identity
Authors: Clarke Matthew , Leach Michael , Scambary James 
Published: August 2013

AbstractNation‐building remains a key challenge in Vanuatu. From the origins of this new nation in 1980, it was clear that creating a unifying sense of national identity and political community from multiple languages and diverse traditional cultures would be difficult. This paper presents new survey and focus group data on attitudes to national identity among tertiary students in Vanuatu. The survey identifies areas of common attitudes towards nationalism and national identity, shared by both Anglophone and Francophone Ni‐Vanuatu. However, despite the weakening ties between language of education and political affiliation over recent years, the findings suggest that there remain some key areas of strong association between socio‐linguistic background, and attitudes to the nation, and national identity. These findings cast new light on the attitudes of likely future elites towards regional, ethnic, intergenerational and linguistic fault lines in Vanuatu and the challenges of building a cohesive sense of political community and national identity.