bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production Forecast Improvement Using Vertical Lift Performance Curves: Deep Offshore Niger Delta
Authors: Mogbolu Emmanuel , Turan Halil , Rey-Fabret Isabelle , Okereke Onyedikachi 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Improving the production forecast of a hydrocarbon resource using reservoir simulation models, allows us to have a better prediction of reserves. This is important in asset development due to uncertainties that can reduce the expectation ultimate recovery after development. The resulting optimized production forecast allows for a better reservoir management plan.
This paper presents the methodology and reservoir tools to improve production forecast for fields under development. This methodology was applied in the case of HMS Field and the information obtained can be applied in optimizing the production forecast for other fields.
In the case of HMS field, the estimation of the production forecast was initially given by a first reservoir model (RMV1) of the field. After the acquisition of new seismic data, the production forecast needed to be improved.
The field studied is composed of 3 main reservoirs. Therefore, the improvement of the global production forecast has been made by generating up to date vertical lift performance (VLP) curves representative of the oil producers and water injectors based on the new data, and by connecting these VLPs on one hand to the 3 individual reservoir models, on the other hand to the new version of the global reservoir model (RMV2). Moreover, VLPs for the network (from the Well heads to the FPSO) have been built in order to test their impact on the merged model (RMV2).
The results show that for the individual reservoirs and merged model, there is marginal improvement in the reserves.
Sensitivity analysis and pressure gradient comparison for the wells were also investigated to manage uncertainties in the study. The results obtained were benchmarked against RMV1.
The integrated approach used in the study across the Reservoir Engineering, Drilling Engineering, Completions and Geosciences disciplines allowed for seamless delivery.
4D Seismic Feasibility Study for Well and Reservoir Monitoring in a Deepwater Nigeria Field
Authors: Osayande Francesca I. , Poon Becky B. , Horst Peter A. , Quadt Edwin , Otoh George A. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A 4D feasibility study was carried out to evaluate seismic detectability and the application of 4D technology in a green field in deepwater Nigeria. A 3D seismic survey, acquired prior to production, will serve as a baseline for future follow-up 4D survey if the production induced changes are sufficiently detectable.
The objective of this study was to assess if production-induced changes and fluid movement, using time-lapse seismic technology, are detectable. The seismic differences between monitor seismic and modeled time stamps are analyzed for 4D responses in the presence of realistic noise levels. This 4D feasibility study will provide technical basis for incorporating 4D seismic monitoring into the reservoir surveillance plan.
The 4D seismic will assist in placement of new wells, to optimize fluid flow between producer/injector pairs, and to locate by-pass oil areas. This will further support the current effort to improve the ultimate recovery by optimising phased development activities and in-field drilling using time-lapse monitor survey.
A dynamic reservoir simulation model was used to generate several time-stamps, the first being base and later time-stamps acts as monitor models. These models were converted to acoustic properties through a suitable rock and fluid model, and acoustic impedances were calculated. Synthetic seismograms were subsequently generated for the various base and monitor combinations, and the difference between the base and monitor synthetic seismic was analyzed for production-induced 4D signals (after the baseline synthetic was calibrated to the existing baseline seismic). The synthetics were corrupted with realistic noise levels, derived from the existing baseline seismic and existing 4D difference seismic volume from a nearby deepwater field.
The results showed that production-induced 4D signals due to changes in fluid saturation are clearly mapable in the field after one or two years of production in the presence of expected noise (NRMS of 15%) levels. However, the pressure drawdown is of relative small magnitude and has no significant impact on the 4D response. This information serves as a good guide for planning 4D acquisitions and reducing costs of unnecessary intervention in the field. The results of the study will be applied in updating Wells/Reservoir surveillance plan and optimising field development.
Based on the study, the plan is to acquire a minimum of three (3) seismic monitor surveys in the life cycle of the field. The first monitor will take place after two years from start of production and should show already significant 4D (time-lapse) signals.
Subsea Production System (SPS) - A Solution to Marginal Offshore Fields Development in the West African Waters
Authors: Umofia A. , Kolios A 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Globally, the search for hydrocarbon is witnessing a dramatic shift from the land and swamp terrain to the offshore frontier with significant challenges in terms of technology requirements, safety, reliability and economics. The challenges become more apparent in offshore marginal fields where operators struggle with cutting edge technological demands, high CAPEX, lean reservoir and a possible poor return on investment (ROI).
The last two decades have seen a huge increase in the application of subsea systems as the preferred concept for offshore production of oil and gas. Subsea is a term generally used to refer to equipment, technology, and methods employed to explore, drill, and develop oil and gas fields that exist below the sea bed.
This paper explores the use of subsea production systems (SPS) as a possible solution to marginal field developments in West African waters. An SPS case study for marginal fields developed with a floating system is analysed and compared to other offshore development concepts from applicable equipment's, schedule to CAPEX and OPEX considerations.
Abundant Variation of Waxy Gene in Yunnan Rice Landraces and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Wxzm Allele
Authors: Chen Hong , Shan Jia , Yang Kun , Wang Yun‐Yue , Lu Chun‐Ming 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTWaxy is the key gene that controls the apparent amylose content (AC) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm. In this study three allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (AS‐PCR) primer sets for Wxmq and Wxop/hp were developed that provided new markers for determining and selecting targeted Waxy alleles. The AC determination and AS‐PCR results indicated abundant AC variation and extremely rich Waxy allelic diversity in Yunnan rice landraces such that 70 Waxy alleles were detected in 404 landraces. For nonglutinous rice, association analysis showed that only two of the seven Waxy functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly correlated to AC variance. The intron 1 splice site (In1) explained 3.45% and all seven sites explained 9.79% of the total AC variance, respectively, which were much less compared to previous studies. A novel Wxzm allele with a nonsynonymous C to T transition at E10ZM site located at 2134 bp of exon 10 was characterized from a glutinous landrace Zimi. This transition led to a Leu to Phe substitution at the glycosyl transferases domain of granule‐bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), which was highly conserved in Poaceae crops. Protein analysis showed that Zimi had similar endosperm GBSSI accumulation as other nonglutinous landraces but its activity was dramatically decreased, indicating that this Leu residue was critical for the glycosyl transfer activity of GBSSI. The characterization of Wxzm revealed a new mechanism for rice glutinous formation and suggested multiple origins of the rice glutinous phenotype.
Subsurface‐Applied Tailored Water: Combining Nutrient Benefits with Efficient Turfgrass Irrigation
Authors: Sevostianova Elena , Leinauer Bernd 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIrrigating turfgrass with treated effluent water has become a common practice in response to shrinking supplies of potable water. Newly developed decentralized water treatment systems produce recycled water containing varying quantities of N on short notice. Using such tailored water to irrigate turf areas would reduce or eliminate the need for additional mineral fertilizers if concentrations of nitrate in the water were raised during the growing season to meet the annual N requirement. On the basis of our estimates, in order for turfgrasses to receive their entire annual N requirements (20 to 25 g N m−2 yr−1) solely from effluent irrigation, nitrogen concentrations in irrigation water would need to range from as low as 11 mg L−1 for arid regions with a 12‐mo growing season to more than 50 mg L−1 in areas with only a 6‐mo growing season. Furthermore, tailored water should be applied with advanced irrigation systems with high distribution uniformity to minimize nitrate leaching. Subsurface irrigation systems distribute water more efficiently and uniformly and minimize human exposure to treated effluent, which would help dispel negative public perceptions regarding the use of effluent to irrigate public turf areas. As the use of treated effluent for turfgrass irrigation continues to increase, the idea of adjustable nutrient content in irrigation water combined with a subsurface irrigation delivery system could become an important means to sustainably maintain much‐needed urban green spaces.
Dietary Sodium Intake in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Provenzano Laura Ferreira , Stark Sue , Steenkiste Ann , Piraino Beth , Sevick Mary Ann 
Published: July 2014

IN BRIEF
Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk for cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease. Superimposed hypertension further increases the risk and is associated with increased dietary sodium intake. There are few data available on dietary sodium intake in type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to quantify dietary sodium intake in a cohort of self-referred patients with type 2 diabetes and to identify sociodemographic characteristics associated with it. Sodium intake in this cohort was far greater than current recommendations. Increased awareness of sodium intake in this population might lead to target interventions to reduce sodium intake and potentially improve long-term outcomes.
Temporal Variations of CAT, GSH, and LPO in Gills and Livers of Zebrafish, Danio Rerio, Exposed to Dimethoate
Authors: Ansari Shabnam , Ansari Badre Alam 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Pesticides are designed to kill a very wide range of undesirable organisms, but they simultaneously adversely affect non-target organisms in ecosystems. Dimethoate is an organophosphorous insecticide used widely in agriculture that has an anticholinesterase mode of action. The goal of the study was to assess the effects of dimethoate on catalase, reduced glutathione, and lipid peroxidation in the gills and livers of zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton), exposed to different concentrations of the pesticide for different periods of time. Insecticidal stress caused a reduction in catalase activity and reduced glutathione levels in zebrafish gills and livers. There was also increased lipid peroxidation in both organs. Alterations in all parameters were concentration and time dependent. The probable causes are discussed.
Amino Acid Profile in Juvenile Pikeperch (Sander Lucioperca (L.)) - Impact of Supplementing Feed With Yeast Extract
Authors: Jarmołowicz Sylwia , Zakęś Zdzisław 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The European pikeperch, Sander lucioperca (L.) is a valuable species in aquaculture, and its nutritious meat is highly regarded by consumers. The contents of indispensable dietary amino acids (IDAA) in pikeperch fillets is higher than in other fish species and exceed the adult recommended daily allowance of them. Increasingly, the fish meal and soya protein components of fish feed are being replaced with protein from brewer's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acid profiles of juvenile pikeperch fed feeds supplemented with yeast extract and to determine the IDAA requirements of this species using the ideal protein method. It was demonstrated that supplementing feed with yeast extract did not have a significant impact on nutrient accumulation in the fish. Pikeperch requirements for exogenous amino acids is similar to that of rainbow trout at 26.2 g 100 g-1protein. Commercial feeds used in pikeperch culture contain sufficient quantities of essential amino acids.
Cyclical Changes in Interrenal and Chromaffin Cells in Relation to Testicular Activity of Olive Barb, Puntius Sarana (Hamilton)
Authors: Chakrabarti Padmanabha , Ghosh Saroj Kumar 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The present study focused on observations of the histological status of adrenocortical tissues and the correlated seasonal changes in testicular activities in Puntius sarana (Hamilton). Interrenal and chromaffin cells were located in the head kidney between the posterior cardinal vein and hemopoietic tissues. Various male germ cells were identified in the testis based on distinctive features, distribution, and staining properties. The cytoplasmic features and the architecture of the interrenal and chromaffin cells varied during different phases of the annual reproductive cycle. The cytoplasm mass was elevated throughout maturation and spawning phases; however, it was weak in the post-spawning and growth phases. The staining intensity changed in the cells showing various phases of secretory efficiency harmonized with the constitution of different testicular cells.
Secret Image Sharing Scheme Based on a Boolean Operation
Authors: Nag Amitava , Biswas Sushanta , Sarkar Debasree , Sarka Partha Pratim 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Traditionally extensive researches have been done on secret image sharing which support the fault tolerance property. But their reconstruction complexity is high. Some research papers on secret image sharing are also available with smaller reconstruction complexity, due to the use of a Boolean operation. But these research works lack the fault tolerance property which is the heart of secret sharing. This paper deals with a general (k, n) secret image sharing scheme for gray scale images with both low reconstruction complexity and preservation of the fault tolerance property. Moreover, the proposed sharing generation technique can also be applied on colour images.
A Novel Multivariate Generalized Skew-Normal Distribution with Two Parameters BGSNn, m (λ1, λ2)
Authors: Fathi B. , Hasanalipour P. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this paper we first introduce a new class of multivariate generalized asymmetric skew-normal distributions with two parameters λ1,λ2
that we present it by BGSNn, m (λ1,λ2), and we finally obtain some special properties of BGSNnm(λ1,λ2).
Contribution to the Knowledge of the Lichen Biota of Bolivia. 6
Authors: Flakus Adam , Sipman Harrie J. M. , Rodriguez Flakus Pamela , Schiefelbein Ulf , Jabłońska Agnieszka , Kukwa Martin , Oset Magdalena 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This paper presents new data on the geographic distribution of 84 lichen species in Bolivia. Bulbothrix chowoensis (Hale) Hale is new to South America. Twenty-five species are new national records: Chaenotheca confusa Tibell, Cora bovei Speg., C. reticulifera Vain., Dictyonema obscuratum Lücking, Spielmann & Marcelli, Gassicurtia ferruginascens (Malme) Marbach & Kalb, Haematomma subinnatum (Malme) Kalb & Staiger, Malmidea badimioides (M. Cáceres & Lücking) M. Cáceres & Kalb, Maronea constans (Nyl.) Hepp, Menegazzia subsimilis (H. Magn.) R. Sant., Myelochroa lindmanii (Lynge) Elix & Hale, Parmotrema commensuratum (Hale) Hale, P. conformatum (Vain.) Hale, P. disparile (Nyl.) Hale, P. machupicchuense Kurok., P. mordenii (Hale) Hale, P. praesorediosum (Nyl.) Hale, P. submarginale (Michx.) DePriest & B. W. Hale, P. viridiflavum (Hale) Hale, P. wainioi (A. L. Sm.) Hale, P. xanthinum (Müll. Arg.) Hale, P. yodae (Kurok.) Hale, Protoparmelia multifera (Nyl.) Kantvilas, Papong & Lumbsch, Ramboldia haematites (Fée) Kalb, Lumbsch & Elix, Solorina spongiosa (Ach.) Anzi and Stigmatochroma metaleptodes (Nyl.) Marbach. Notes on distribution and chemistry are provided.
Effect of Apple and Rosehip Pomaces on Colour, Total Phenolics and Antioxidant Activity of Corn Extruded Snacks
Authors: Drożdż Wioletta , Tomaszewska-Ciosk Ewa , Zdybel Ewa , Boruczkowska Hanna , Boruczkowski Tomasz , Regiec Piotr 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Extrusion cooking technology was applied for obtaining corn extrudates fortified with various level (10-20%) of rosehip pomace powder or apple pomace powder. The total polyphenols content, antioxidant activities (ABTS), organoleptic properties and colour of the extrudates were determined.
Pomace addition increased the level of total polyphenols content and antioxidant activity in obtained corn - pomace extrudates, especially in samples enriched with rosehip pomace. Extrudates with 20% of rosehip pomace addition characterized the highest polyphenols content and antioxidant activity. Only the slight decrease of some quality features - shape and size, taste and fl avour, structure and colour of obtained extrudates was observed. Sample with fruit pomace addition showed increasing consistency evaluation. The extruded products by utilising fruit by-products got good evaluation of panelists and can be an excellent source of bioactive compounds in the daily human diet.
The Influence of Technological PVD Process Parameters on the Topography, Crystal and Molecular Structure of Nanocomposite Films Containing Palladium Nanograins
Authors: Rymarczyk Joanna , Czerwosz Elżbieta , Kozłowski Mirosław , Dłużewski Piotr , Kowalski Wojciech 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
The paper describes the preparation and characteristics of films composed of Pd nanograins placed in carbonaceous matrix. Films were obtained in PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) process from two sources containing: the first one - fullerene powder and the second one - palladium acetate. The topographical, morphological and structural changes due to different parameters of PVD process were studied with the use of Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy, whereas the structure was studied with the application of the Transmission Electron Microscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy methods. It was shown that topographical changes are connected with the decomposition ratio of Pd acetate as well as the form of carbonaceous matrix formed due to this decomposition. Palladium nanograins found in all films exhibit the fcc structure type and their diameter changes from 2 nm to 40 nm depending on the PVD process parameters.
Comparison of a Wooden House and a Porous Concrete Masonry House
Authors: Ďurica Pavol , Badurové Silvia , Časnocha Peter 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This paper deals with an evaluation of an existing wooden panel house and its comparison with alternative material composition (porous concrete masonry house). The criteria for evaluation are the energy performance, size of the usable area, environmental impact and final costs.
Joint Damage Progression in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Clinical Remission. Do Biologics Perform Better Than Synthetic Antirheumatic Drugs?
Authors: Ciubotariu Elena , Gabay Cem , Finckh Axel 
Published: July 2014

Objective.Randomized controlled studies have demonstrated protective advantages of biologic therapies over the synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) in slowing joint damage progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This effect appears to be largely independent of the clinical disease control. We measured the rate of radiographic progression in patients with RA in clinical remission treated with synthetic versus biologic DMARD.Methods.This is an observational cohort study of patients with RA in clinical remission, nested within the Swiss Clinical Quality Management in Rheumatoid Arthritis (SCQM-RA) Registry. The primary study outcome was the rate of radiographic progression (Ratingen erosion score), and a secondary outcome was functional disability [Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI)] progression. We compared the rate of progression between synthetic and biologic DMARD using a multivariate regression model for longitudinal data, adjusting for potential confounders.Results.A total of 2055 patients in the SCQM-RA registry were in remission at least once from 1999 to 2012 and met the study inclusion criteria. Baseline characteristics of patients in remission receiving synthetic and biologic DMARD were not significantly different in terms of prognostic factors for joint damage progression. During followup, erosion progression differed significantly between the 2 groups [1.4% (95% CI: 1.1–1.6) vs 0.9% (95% CI: 0.5–1.2) of progression over 3 years, respectively, p < 0.001], with less damage progression in patients treated with biologic DMARD than with synthetic DMARD. This difference remained significant after adjusting for confounding factors. The evolution of the HAQ-DI score was also statistically better in the biologic group (p < 0.001).Conclusion.This observational study confirms that the rate of structural damage progression in clinical remission is decreased taking biologics compared to synthetic DMARD. However, while the difference is statistically significant it is probably not relevant from a clinical perspective.
Consistently Good Clinical Response in Patients with Early Axial Spondyloarthritis After 3 Years of Continuous Treatment with Etanercept: Longterm Data of the ESTHER Trial
Authors: Song In-Ho , Hermann Kay-Geert , Haibel Hildrun , Althoff Christian E. , Poddubnyy Denis , Listing Joachim , Weiß Anja , Buß Beate , Freundlich Bruce , Lange Ekkehard , Alten Rieke , Rudwaleit Martin , Sieper Joachim 
Published: July 2014

Objective.In patients with early active axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) with a disease duration of < 5 years, the longterm efficacy of 3 years of continuous etanercept (ETN) treatment was assessed.Methods.In a previously reported ESTHER trial, patients with axSpA were randomized to treatment with ETN (n = 40) versus sulfasalazine (SSZ; n = 36) in the first year. We analyzed the clinical, laboratory, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) response in the pooled dataset of patients (study population; n = 61), including patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS, n = 31) and nonradiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA, n = 30) who were continuously treated with ETN for 3 consecutive years. Data were analyzed using the last observation carried forward and completer analysis.Results.In the entire group of patients in the study population (n = 61), the mean Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) decreased from 5.7 (± 1.3) at baseline to 2.6 (± 2.4) at Year 3. The Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) decreased from 3.4 (± 0.8) to 1.5 (± 1.0). Also, mean values for MRI spine and sacroiliac joint scores showed a significant decrease. Response rates in the nr-axSpA group were similar and at least as good compared to the AS group for all outcome measures. When comparing remission stages, we found that ASDAS inactive disease correlated better with C-reactive protein and MRI remission than with Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society partial remission.Conclusion.There was a consistent and sustained clinical response in patients with early axSpA treated with ETN over 3 years. ClinicalTrials.gov registration number NCT00844142.