bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of mineral licks by mammals and birds in hunted and non‐hunted areas of Yasuní National Park, Ecuador
Authors: Blake J. G. , Mosquera D. , Salvador J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMineral licks are sites where a diverse array of mammals and birds consume soil or drink water, likely for mineral supplementation. Many of those same animals are targets of hunters. Camera traps triggered by heat and motion were used to document use of mineral licks by birds and mammals over approximately 2 months at two lowland forest sites in eastern Ecuador, one that has experienced considerable hunting by indigenous Waorani (four mineral licks) and one that is largely unaffected by hunting (five licks). We obtained 264 photographs representing nine mammal species and one photograph of a bird at the hunted site; 1123 photographs of 12 mammal species and 73 of three bird species were obtained at the site without hunting. Photographs were counted if at least 30 min elapsed between photographs of the same species at the same camera location. Activity (photographs/100 trap‐days) was higher at all licks at the site without hunting (mean = 436; range 276–665/100 trap‐days) than at the hunted site (mean = 123; range 89–151/100 trap‐days). Diurnal activity was, overall, lower at the hunted site, particularly during the middle of the day. Species not recorded at the hunted site included two primates (white‐bellied spider monkey Ateles belzebuth; Venezuelan red howler monkey Alouatta seniculus), white‐lipped peccary, Tayassu pecari and two large‐bodied birds (common piping‐guan, Pipile pipile; Salvin's curassow, Mitu salvini); all are common prey of local hunters. Red brocket deer, Mazama americana was the most frequently photographed species at both sites, but was less active during the day at the hunted site.
Influence of coronal restorations on the fracture resistance of root canal‐treated premolar and molar teeth: A retrospective study
Authors: Dammaschke Till , Nykiel Kathrin , Sagheri Darius , Schäfer Edgar 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTo evaluate the influence of coronal restorations on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth, 676 root canal‐filled and restored posterior teeth were evaluated after a mean period of 9.7 (±2.8; minimum: 5) years. A total of 86.2% of the endodontically treated and restored teeth survived the mean observation period of 9.7 years without fracture. The overall survival period was 13.6 (± 0.2) years. All teeth with gold partial crowns survived without fractures (n = 24). Teeth with crowns and adhesively sealed access cavities showed a mean survival period of 15.3 (± 0.4) years, with crown and bridge restorations 14.0 (± 0.3), with individual metal posts 13.9 (± 0.2), with composite fillings 13.4 (± 0.5), with prefabricated metal posts 12.7 (± 0.6), with amalgam fillings 11.8 (± 0.6) and with glass ionomer cements (GIC) 6.6 (± 0.5) years. Teeth with one or two surfaces restored by amalgam, composite or GIC showed a significantly lower fracture rate than teeth with three and more restored surfaces (P < 0.05). The mean fracture rate of teeth restored with GIC was significantly higher when compared with all other groups (P < 0.001). In general, endodontically treated teeth restored with prosthetic restorations demonstrated a significantly lower mean fracture rate than teeth restored with fillings. Cavities with up to three surfaces may well be successfully restored adhesively with composite filling material.
Effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on the incidence of intra‐operative awareness in Chinese patients undergoing breast cancer surgery during general anaesthesia
Authors: Wang J. , Ren Y. , Zhu Y. , Chen J. W. , Zhu M. M. , Xu Y. J. , Tan Z. M. 
Published: December 2012

SummaryIntra‐operative awareness can lead to serious adverse psychological consequences. We conducted a prospective, randomised, double‐blinded trial in 920 patients undergoing breast cancer surgery under bispectral index‐guided total intravenous anaesthesia to evaluate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on intra‐operative awareness. Patients were randomly divided to receive 0.01 mg.kg−1 penehyclidine hydrochloride or saline intravenously 30 min before surgery. The pre‐administration, pre‐operative anxiety levels were assessed using a 100‐mm visual analogue scale. Intra‐operative awareness was defined as recall of intra‐operative events using a modified Brice interview administered 2–6 h postoperatively, and in the next 24–48 h. A committee of three experts, blinded to the study conditions, independently scrutinised all reported recollections. We found no differences in depth of anaesthesia and patients' pre‐operative anxiety levels between the two groups. The incidence of awareness with penehyclidine hydrochloride (0/456 patients; 0%) was significantly lower than with saline (5/452; 1.1%), p = 0.030. We conclude that penehyclidine hydrochloride reduced the incidence of intra‐operative awareness in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery during general anaesthesia.
Differentiating between gestational and chronic hypertension; an explorative study
Authors: Terwisscha van Scheltinga Josien A. , Krabbendam Ineke , Spaanderman Marc E.A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveGuidelines define hypertension diagnosed before 20 weeks' gestation as chronic hypertension (CH) and thereafter as gestational hypertension (GH). We tested whether hypertension diagnosed before 20 weeks is preceded by CH and whether pregnancy outcome depends on the time of onset of hypertension.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary obstetric center.PopulationWomen with a history of obstetric vascular complications.MethodsBlood pressure data prior to and during pregnancy and subsequent maternal and neonatal outcome were reviewed in 148 women. Women were grouped according to the onset of hypertension; pre‐pregnancy (CH), before 20 weeks' (early GH), after 20 weeks' gestation (late GH) and normotensive.Main outcome measuresOnset of hypertension, obstetric complications (pre‐eclampsia, HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets) syndrome, intra‐uterine growth restriction).ResultsTwenty‐nine women had CH. Early GH occurred in 46 women and another 32 developed late GH. Of 75 women with hypertension in the first half of pregnancy, 29 (39%) had CH and 46 (61%) early GH. Obstetric complications occurred more often in all hypertensive women, but no differences between the CH and GH groups could be detected.ConclusionsHypertension detected in the first half of pregnancy does not necessarily indicate chronic hypertension. Hypertension in general is related to hypertensive maternal complications and fetal growth restriction. Differentiating between chronic or gestational hypertension does not seem to help in establishing the risk for later hypertensive sequelae or intra‐uterine growth restriction.
Self‐rated and parent‐rated quality of life (QoL) for community‐based obese and overweight children
Authors: Lin Chung‐Ying , Su Chia‐Ting , Wang Jung‐Der , Ma Hui‐Ing 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimsTo determine the effects of being obese or overweight on quality of life (QoL) of children from a community‐based sample and to compare their self‐ratings of QoL with their parents' ratings for their children's QoL.MethodsDyads of 8‐ to 12‐year‐old children [60 obese, 34 overweight and 127 normal weight (N = 221)] and their parents or caregivers were recruited from southern Taiwan. QoL was assessed by both parent proxy ratings and child self‐ratings using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) questionnaire.ResultsObese children reported significantly lower QoL than did their normal‐weight counterparts (83 ± 15 vs. 88 ± 10; p = 0.04). Obese children rated their QoL lower than did their parents in all (Cohen's d = −0.38 to −0.22) but the school domain. Overweight children's and normal‐weight children's self‐reported QoL was not significantly different, nor were they different from parent‐reported QoL.ConclusionsCommunity‐based obese children reported a lower QoL than did normal‐weight children; however, their parents seemed unaware of their children's decreased QoL. Caution is required when using only parent proxy reports to assess the QoL of obese children. More effort is needed in Taiwan to improve parents' understanding of their obese children's QoL.
Autonomic nervous system arousal and cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder
Authors: Levy Boaz 
Published: December 2012

Levy B. Autonomic nervous system arousal and cognitive functioning in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2012: 00: 000–000. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.Objective:  Previous theories about the etiology of cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder (BD) emphasized trait factors such as neurological impairment. State factors, other than mood symptoms, that may exacerbate functional deficits have not yet been considered. The purpose of this study was to examine autonomic nervous system (ANS) arousal following cognitive challenge. The study compared patients with BD and healthy controls (HC) in physiological measures and neuropsychological test scores.Methods:  Thirty euthymic patients with BD and 22 HC completed the study. Participants completed mood [Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)], anxiety (State–Trait Anxiety Inventory), and substance abuse (Drug Abuse Screening Test–20 item and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test) measures. They were connected to an electrogram, a sensitive thermometer for measuring finger temperature, and electrodes that measure galvanic skin response. After a five‐min baseline measurement in a restful state, participants completed a computerized neuropsychological battery (CNS Vital Signs).Results:  The group with BD reported significantly more mood symptoms (BDI‐II, t = 3.71, p < 0.001; YMRS, t = 6.73, p < 0.001) and scored higher on a measure of trait‐anxiety (State–Trait Anxiety Inventory, t = 2.91, p < 0.001) than HC. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed higher arousal on all physiological measures in the BD group relative to HC at baseline [F(3,48) = 13.1, p < 0.001] and during cognitive testing [F(3,48) = 11.3, p < 0.001]. The increase in physiological arousal from a restful state to the time of testing was higher for the BD group [F(3,37) = 8.06, p < 0.001]. With respect to cognitive data, HC scored higher than patients with BD across the measures of memory (F = 8.5, p < 0.001), sustained (F = 9.5, p < 0.001) and complex (F = 2.7, p < 0.04) attention, processing speed (F = 10.0, p < 0.001), reaction time (F = 7.8, p < 0.001), cognitive flexibility (F = 19.7, p < 0.001), working memory (F = 10.8, p < 0.001), and social acuity (F = 5.7, p < 0.01), with partial eta‐squared from 0.18 to 0.62. Correlational analysis revealed significant associations between various cognitive test scores and changes in physiological arousal from baseline to testing (−0.59 ≤ r ≤ 0.22).Conclusions:  Relative to HC, patients with BD experience larger changes in ANS arousal between a restful baseline and cognitive testing, and achieve lower cognitive test scores. Further research is needed to determine whether acute physiological symptoms of anxiety directly compromise cognitive functioning in BD.
Suppression ofToll‐like receptor 4 activation by caffeic acid phenethyl ester is mediated by interference ofLPSbinding toMD2
Authors: Kim So Young , Koo Jung Eun , Seo Yun Jee , Tyagi Nisha , Jeong Eunshil , Choi Jaeyoung , Lim Kyung‐Min , Park Zee‐Yong , Lee Joo Young 
Published: December 2012

Background and PurposeToll‐like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in recognizing invading pathogens and endogenous danger signal to induce immune and inflammatory responses. Since dysregulation ofTLRsenhances the risk of immune disorders and chronic inflammatory diseases, modulation ofTLRactivity by phytochemicals could be useful therapeutically. We investigated the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) onTLR‐mediated inflammation and the underlying regulatory mechanism.Experimental ApproachInhibitory effects ofCAPEonTLR4activation were assessed within vivomurine skin inflammation model andin vitroproduction of inflammatory mediators in macrophages.In vitrobinding assay, cell‐based immunoprecipitation study and liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis were performed to determine lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding toMD2and to identify the direct binding site ofCAPEinMD2.Key ResultsTopical application ofCAPEattenuated dermal inflammation and oedema induced by intradermal injection ofLPS(aTLR4agonist).CAPEsuppressed production of inflammatory mediators and activation ofNFκBand interferon‐regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) in macrophages stimulated withLPS.CAPEinterruptedLPSbinding toMD2through formation of adduct specifically withCys133located in hydrophobic pocket ofMD2. The inhibitory effect onLPS‐inducedIRF3activation byCAPEwas not observed when293Tcells were reconstituted withMD2(C133S) mutant.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results show a novel mechanism for anti‐inflammatory activity ofCAPEto preventTLR4activation by interfering with interaction between ligand (LPS) and receptor complex (TLR4/MD2). These further provide beneficial information for the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent chronic inflammatory diseases.
Neotectonic basin and landscape evolution in the Eastern Cordillera of NW Argentina, Humahuaca Basin (~24°S)
Authors: Pingel Heiko , Strecker Manfred R. , Alonso Ricardo N. , Schmitt Axel K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe intermontane Quebrada de Humahuaca Basin (Humahuaca Basin) in the Eastern Cordillera of the southern Central Andes of NW Argentina (23°–24°S) records the evolution of a formerly contiguous foreland‐basin setting to an intermontane depositional environment during the late stages of Cenozoic Andean mountain building. This basin has been and continues to be subject to shortening and surface uplift, which has resulted in the establishment of an orographic barrier for easterly sourced moisture‐bearing winds along its eastern margin, followed by leeward aridification. We present new U–Pb zircon ages and palaeocurrent reconstructions suggesting that from at least 6 Ma until 4.2 Ma, the Humahuaca Basin was an integral part of a largely contiguous depositional system that became progressively decoupled from the foreland as deformation migrated eastward. The Humahuaca Basin experienced multiple cycles of severed hydrological conditions and subsequent re‐captured drainage, fluvial connectivity with the foreland and sediment evacuation. Depositional and structural relationships among faults, regional unconformities and deformed landforms reveal a general pattern of intrabasin deformation that appears to be associated with different cycles of alluviation and basin excavation in which deformation is focused on basin‐internal structures during or subsequent to phases of large‐scale sediment removal.
Inflammatory bowel diseases influence major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) and II compartments in intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Bär F , Sina C , Hundorfean G , Pagel R , Lehnert H , Fellermann K , Büning J 
Published: December 2012

Summary
Antigen presentation by intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) is crucial for intestinal homeostasis. Disturbances of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I)- and II-related presentation pathways in IEC appear to be involved in an altered activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in inflammatory bowel disease. However, a comprehensive analysis of MHC I- and II-enriched compartments in IEC of the small and large bowel in the healthy state as opposed to inflammatory bowel diseases is lacking. The aim of this study was to characterize the subcellular expression of MHC I and II in the endocytic pathway of IEC throughout all parts of the intestinal tract, and to identify differences between the healthy state and inflammatory bowel diseases. Biopsies were taken by endoscopy from the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon in healthy individuals (n = 20). In Crohn's disease (CD), biopsies were obtained from the ileum and colon and within the colon from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients (n = 15). Analysis of IEC was performed by immunoelectron microscopy. MHC I and II were identified in early endosomes and multi-vesicular, multi-lamellar, electrondense and vacuolar late endosomes. Both molecules were enriched in multi-vesicular bodies. No differences were found between the distinct parts of the gut axis. In CD and UC the expression of MHC I and II showed a shift from multi-vesicular bodies towards the basolateral membranes. Within the multi-vesicular bodies, MHC I and II moved from internal vesicles to the limiting membranes upon inflammation in CD and UC. MHC I- and II-enriched compartments in IEC were identical in all parts of the small and large bowel. CD and UC appear to modulate the MHC I- and II-related presentation pathways of exogenous antigens in IEC.
Influence of scan mode (180°/360°) of the cone beam computed tomography for preoperative dental implant measurements
Authors: Neves Frederico S. , Vasconcelos Taruska V. , Campos Paulo S. F. , Haiter‐Neto Francisco , Freitas Deborah Q. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of scan mode of the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the preoperative dental implant measurements.Material and methodsCompletely edentulous mandibles with entirely resorbed alveolar processes were selected for this study. Five regions were selected (incisor, canine, premolar, first molar, and second molar). The mandibles were scanned with Next Generation i‐CAT CBCT unit (Imaging Sciences International, Inc, Hatfield, PA, USA) with half (180°) and full (360°) mode. Two oral radiologists performed vertical measurements in all selected regions; the measurements of half of the sample were repeated within an interval of 30 days. The mandibles were sectioned using an electrical saw in all evaluated regions to obtain the gold standard. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated for the intra‐ and interobserver agreement. Descriptive statistics were calculated as mean, median, and standard deviation. Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to determine the correlation between the measurements obtained in different scan mode with the gold standard. The significance level was 5%.ResultsThe values of intra‐ and interobserver reproducibility indicated a strong agreement. In the dental implant measurements, except the bone height of the second molar region in full scan mode (P = 0.02), the Wilcoxon signed rank test did not show statistical significant difference with the gold standard (P > 0.05).ConclusionsBoth modes provided real measures, necessary when performing implant planning; however, half scan mode uses smaller doses, following the principle of effectiveness. We believe that this method should be used because of the best dose–effect relationship and offer less risk to the patient.
The safety and effectiveness of TM81, a Chinese herbal medicine, in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Tong X. L. , Wu S. T. , Lian F. M. , Zhao M. , Zhou S. P. , Chen X. Y. , Yu B. , Zhen Z. , Qi L. W. , Li P. , Wang C. Z. , Sun H. , Yuan C. S. 
Published: December 2012

AimTM81 (or Tang‐Min‐Ling‐Wan) is a Chinese medicine. Previous studies suggested that this medicine is effective for treating type 2 diabetes. This controlled trial evaluated the safety and effectiveness of TM81 in the treatment of type 2 diabetic patients.MethodsThis study was a large‐scale controlled clinical trial to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of TM81 on type 2 diabetes. After a 2‐week run‐in period, 480 overweight type 2 early‐stage diabetic patients [35–65 years old, HbA1c ≥ 7.0%, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) 7.0–13.9 mM or 2 h plasma glucose (PG) > 11.1 mM, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 24 kg/m2] were enrolled. These patients were divided into a TM81 group and placebo group in a 3 : 1 ratio. The subjects received 6 g TM81 or placebo, three times daily for 12 weeks.ResultsAfter treatment, the HbA1c decrease was 1.02% in the TM81 group versus 0.47% in the placebo group. The FPG decreased 0.8 ± 0.1 mM in the TM81 group versus an increase of 0.2 ± 0.2 mM in the placebo group. The PG decreased 2.7 ± 0.3 mM in the TM81 group versus a decrease of 0.9 ± 0.4 mM in the placebo group (all p < 0.05). The TM81 was more effective for patients with higher baseline HbA1c levels. The TM81 group also showed improved β‐cell function and increased homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)‐β. In addition, body weight, BMI and waist circumference of subjects in the TM81 group were reduced, and the symptoms related to diabetes were improved. There were no significant differences in the types and frequency of adverse reactions between the two groups.ConclusionsThe data showed that TM81 is effective in controlling blood glucose level and is safe to use in patients with early‐stage type 2 diabetes.
Factors influencing the success of salmonid egg development in river substratum
Authors: Sternecker Katharina , Cowley David E. , Geist Juergen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractInterstitial water conditions in the hyporheic zone of the stream bed are determinants of salmonid egg hatching success. We used standardised egg exposures to develop and validate discriminant analysis and generalised linear model models linking the hatching success of brown trout (Salmo trutta) with physicochemical factors of the interstitial zone (e.g., oxygen, specific conductance, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, pH and redox potential). Interstitial water quality was identified as a limiting factor for egg development (median of relative hatching rates = 0.23). Hatching success was unimodal in hatchery and field references incubated in free‐flowing water, but bimodal (very high or very low hatching success) in natural sediment exposures. The effects of physicochemical factors on the hatching success ofSalmo truttastrongly depended on both the time and spatial scale analysed. The variables retained in the models differed between the macroscale (over all rivers), the river‐specific scale (within a river) and the microscale (at different sediment depths). Egg hatching success decreased with increased substratum depth (decrease of 26% in 150 mm compared with 50 mm). Increasingly more variable interstitial water conditions (e.g., oxygen) throughout the egg incubation period suggest progressive degradation rates in the stream substratum during the incubation period at the microscale level. Consequently, consideration of different spatial and temporal scales is necessary for the evaluation of habitat quality in salmonid conservation and catchment management plans.
Therapy refractory angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma in complete remission with lenalidomide
Authors: Beckers Mariëlle M. , Huls Gerwin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe prognosis of therapy refractory angioimmunoblastic lymphoma (AITL) is very poor. In this report we describe a patient with AITL refractory to 2 lines of chemotherapy. He was treated with lenalidomide 15 mg continuously and prednisone. After 2 yr follow‐up, the patient has no detectable disease. Lenalidomide was well tolerated without side‐effects. Lenalidomide even in lower dosed combined with steroids can induce complete responses in patients with refractory AITL.