bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sleep Disordered Breathing and Academic Performance: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Galland Barbara , Spruyt Karen , Dawes Patrick , McDowall Philippa S. , Elder Dawn , Schaughency Elizabeth 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children is associated with daytime functioning decrements in cognitive performance and behavioral regulation. Studies addressing academic achievement are underrepresented. This study aimed to evaluate the strength of the relationships between SDB and achievement in core domains and general school performance.

METHODS:
Data sources included PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Studies of school-aged children investigating the relationships between SDB and academic achievement were selected for inclusion in a systematic literature review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data extracted were converted into standardized mean differences; effect sizes (ES) and statistics were calculated by using random-effects models. Heterogeneity tests (I2) were conducted.

RESULTS:
Of 488 studies, 16 met eligibility criteria. SDB was significantly associated with poorer academic performance for core academic domains related to language arts (ES –0.31; P &lt; .001; I2 = 74%), math (ES –0.33; P &lt; .001; I2 = 55%), and science (ES –0.29; P = .001; I2 = 0%), and with unsatisfactory progress/learning problems (ES –0.23; P &lt; .001; I2 = 0%) but not general school performance.

CONCLUSIONS:
Variable definitions of both academic performance and SDB likely contributed to the heterogeneity among published investigations. Clear links between SDB and poorer academic performance in school-age children are demonstrated. ES statistics were in the small to medium range, but nevertheless the findings serve to highlight to parents, teachers, and clinicians that SDB in children may contribute to academic difficulties some children face.
Screening for Iron Deficiency Anemia in Young Children: USPSTF Recommendation Statement
Authors: Siu Albert L. 
Published: September 2015

DESCRIPTION:Update of the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2006 recommendation on screening for iron deficiency anemia.METHODS:The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the association between change in iron status as a result of intervention and improvement in child health outcomes, as well as screening for and treatment of iron deficiency anemia with oral iron formulations, in children ages 6 to 24 months.POPULATION:This recommendation applies to children ages 6 to 24 months living in the United States who are asymptomatic for iron deficiency anemia. It does not apply to children younger than age 6 months or older than 24 months, children who are severely malnourished, children who were born prematurely or with low birth weight, or children who have symptoms of iron deficiency anemia.RECOMMENDATION:The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for iron deficiency anemia in children ages 6 to 24 months. (I statement)
Public perception of and engagement with emerging low-carbon energy technologies: A literature review
Authors: Peterson Tarla Rai , Stephens Jennie C. , Wilson Elizabeth J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTransitioning to low-carbon energy systems depends on fundamental changes in technologies, policies, and institutions. In Western democracies, public perceptions and engagement with energy have encouraged innovation while also slowing deployment of low-carbon energy technologies (LCETs).Transitioning to low-carbon energy systems requires re-engineering technologies and changing the ways people interact with energy. This shift involves both technological and social changes including modifications in policies and institutional configurations. In Western democracies, public perceptions and engagement with energy have encouraged innovation while also slowing deployment of low-carbon energy technologies (LCETs). To aid understanding of how energy systems are evolving toward lower-carbon technologies in Western democracies, this study reviews the literature on public perception of and engagement with emerging LCETs. Focusing primarily on electricity generating technologies, we explore how multiple factors related to place and process shape public perceptions of and engagement with LCETs, thereby influencing their development and deployment. This study first reviews literature related to how place and process influence emerging LCETs and then provides a comparative example of differential development of wind energy in Texas and Massachusetts (USA) to demonstrate how place and process may interact to influence the patterns of LCET deployment.
Diffusion and sorption of volatile organic compounds through soil-cement materials
Authors: Goreham Vincent C , Lake Craig B 
Published: September 2015

This paper presents a laboratory study that assesses the diffusive and sorptive parameters of three volatile organic compounds (benzene, ethylbenzene and trichloroethylene) though cured, monolithic soil-cement materials. A double-reservoir diffusion test setup is used to determine the effective diffusion coefficient (D e) and distribution coefficient (K d) for laboratory-prepared soil-cement specimens at three water-to-cement ratios. Batch testing was also performed to provide a measure of the distribution coefficient independent of the diffusion testing. Values of K d determined from batch testing, diffusion testing and theoretical estimates from the literature ranged from 0 to 1·3 cm3/g and were in general agreement. Values of D e determined from laboratory testing ranged from 1·50 × 10−10 m2/s to 3·0 × 10−10 m2/s. Practical applications of the laboratory testing methodology and results are discussed with respect to how they may be used in the pre-design and design phases of cement solidification/stabilisation (s/s) treatment. An illustrative example shows how the laboratory testing results could be used to estimate contaminant transport from a site and to provide an indication of the relative importance of the diffusive and sorptive parameters obtained from laboratory testing.
La naturaleza de la lengua*
Authors: Díaz José Luis ,   Departamento de Historia y Filosofía de la Medicina. Facultad de Médicina. UNAM.,   Discurso de Ingreso a la Academia Mexicana de la Lengua, 12 de junio de 2014.
Published: September 2015

Resumen	El presente texto de ingreso a la Academia Mexicana de la Lengua perfila los fundamentos biológicos del lenguaje y el significado en la conducta animal, la hominización y la neurociencia.	Las expresiones intencionales y simbólicas en animales constituyen claros cimientos del lenguaje y el pensamiento proposicional humano. Mediante entrenamiento, ejemplares de aves y simios aprenden, reconocen y expresan símbolos abstractos, en tanto que los monos verdes en su medio natural emiten diferentes voces para identificar a sus predadores. La intención comunicativa está además sugerida por el juego social, el engaño táctico, la inteligencia maquiavélica o los silbidos para nombrar individuos. Dichas habilidades evolucionaron hasta el Homo sapiens cuyas representaciones pictóricas iniciales marcan una simbolización adaptativa basada en circuitos neuronales que generan recursos cognoscitivos en coordinación con el medio.	La destreza derecha, la fabricación de herramientas, el lenguaje simbólico y la predominancia del hemisferio izquierdo son capacidades engarzadas que emergieron durante la escisión humana de los simios. Si bien la modularidad del lenguaje implica zonas especializadas para su expresión y comprensión, el significado requiere de una amplia conectividad. Procesar información verbal requiere la activación de redes genéticamente dispuestas en un dispositivo cerebral que se acondiciona por aprendizaje repetitivo. La representación lingüística utiliza códigos de disparo de neuronas organizadas en dichas redes cuyos contenidos están determinados por el origen y destino de las vías, en tanto que el significado surge de la pauta dinámica de las interconexiones entre los módulos. El ámbito simbólico humano está la vista en el mundo de la expresión y la cultura pues está mediado por procesos sociales acoplados a procesos cerebrales mediante una práctica. El significado tiene así un asa externa o cultural un asa interna o neurosemántica.	La contribución de las ciencias biológicas, cognitivas y cerebrales coordinadas con las humanidades para comprender la naturaleza de la lengua es tan reveladora como desafiante.
La diversidad sexo-genérica: Un punto de vista evolutivo
Authors: Salín Rafael J ,   Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Published: September 2015

Resumen	Introducción. Hay un grupo de gente con una incoherencia entre el género y su sexo biológico (fenotipo) con el género de autopercepción. Las diferencias entre esta condición y la orientación sexual nos dan una serie de subtipos de género y de diversidad sexual: transexuales, travestis y transgéneros, homosexuales, heterosexuales, bisexuales y asexuales.	Objetivo. Revisar las evidencias que puedan apoyar si la diversidad de género y la orientación sexual son estrategias evolutivas.	Método. Se consultaron documentos históricos, médicos y políticos sobre el nacimiento de los conceptos de género y orientación sexual en The National Library of Medicine. Estos se actualizaron en una revisión de la literatura científica de los últimos cincuenta años en los sistemas SCOPUS, PubMed y Science Direct. Se utilizaron las palabras: homosexuality, transsexuality, gender y evolution.	Resultados. Debido a que la reproducción sexual es tan indispensable y celosamente seleccionada, para continuar la combinación genética, la existencia de la homosexualidad y la transexualidad son una paradoja evolutiva. Hay una gama de este tipo de conductas en los animales de reproducción sexual, en mamíferos, aves, reptiles y peces. Hasta el momento sólo hemos utilizado el comportamiento animal para ilustrar la naturalidad de la homosexualidad. En esencia: hay animales homosexuales en la naturaleza. Por lo tanto, la homosexualidad es natural, y en este artículo se presentan las explicaciones evolutivas al respecto. La transexualidad es una cuestión de género, y en la psiquiatría contemporánea sigue siendo calificada como una enfermedad mental, llamada “disforia de género”.	Discusión y conclusión. Hay bases biológicas para esta alternativa particular en los seres humanos, en los que el papel de los niveles de hormonas elevados, los anticuerpos contra los receptores de testosterona, el orden del nacimiento y el uso de algunas drogas se discuten en el presente artículo. Comprender que los seres humanos no son una especie dicotómica es el objetivo principal de este trabajo, ya que en el homo sapiens, las diferencias en muchos aspectos de nuestras funciones es la norma que nos hace tan diferentes, pero al mismo tiempo iguales en derechos básicos como seres humanos.
Disfunción familiar y suicidalidad en adolescentes con trastorno depresivo mayor
Authors: Perales María Teresa Laurencia ,   Hospital Universitario Dr. José E. González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León., Loredo Lídice 
Published: September 2015

Resumen	Antecedentes. El suicidio se encuentra entre las tres principales causas de muerte en los adolescentes; los problemas familiares se han considerado como un posible factor de riesgo independiente de suicidalidad en esta población.	Objetivo. Estudiar la relación entre problemas familiares y suicidalidad en pacientes adolescentes con trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM).	Método. Se incluyeron pacientes entre 10 y 18 años con diagnóstico de TDM. Para evaluar los problemas familiares se aplicó el Instrumento de Problemas Familiares (IPF); para el grado de suicidalidad, se aplicó la Escala de Suicidalidad de Okasha. Se contrastaron los valores de estas escalas por medio de una regresión logística. Se obtuvieron los odds ratios (OR) con un intervalo de confianza (IC) de 95% para encontrar diferencias entre grupos.	Resultados. Se analizaron 37 pacientes, de los cuales 21 (56.7%) tenían alto riesgo de suicidalidad. Éstos eran de mayor edad y tenían un mayor índice de gravedad en la depresión. No se encontró una asociación entre los valores obtenidos en el IPF y la suicidalidad, a excepción del reactivo –desacuerdos entre el padre y la madre con respecto a permisos (IPF-D)–, con un OR: 5.28, 95% IC (1.06-26.3).	Discusión y conclusión. La asociación encontrada entre una suicidalidad alta y el reactivo IPF-D pudiera relacionarse con el uso de la gravedad en la depresión como un cofactor. Los problemas familiares, evaluados por medio del IPF, no parecen ser un factor independiente que explique las diferencias entre los grupos estudiados.
Desempenho de genótipos de batata-doce submetidos ao efeito da calagem em Rio Largo-Alagoas
Authors: Carvalho Islan Diego Espindula de , Costa Kleyton Danilo da Silva , Silva Alysson Jalles da , Ferreira Paulo Vanderlei , Silva Jackson Da 
Published: September 2015

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;" lang="PT">O</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de genótipos de batata-doce submetidos ao efeito da calagem em Rio Largo-AL. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados no esquema fatorial (7 x 2), com sete genótipos de batata-doce e dois tipos de correção do solo, em três repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram: Número de Raízes Comerciais (NRC); Número Total de Raízes (NTR); Comprimento de Raízes Comerciais (CRC); Diâmetro de Raízes Comerciais (DRC); Rendimento de Raízes Comerciais (RRC); Rendimento Total de Raízes (RTR) e Peso Médio de Raízes Comerciais (PMRC).<a name="OLE_LINK5"></a><a name="OLE_LINK6"></a> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">Dentre os genótipos de batata-doce avaliados no experimento, o Clone-06 apresentou o melhor desempenho, superando todos os genótipos avaliados, inclusive as testemunhas, Rainha de Penedo e Sergipana, tanto em produtividade, com rendimento médio de 15,79 t.ha<sup>-1</sup>de raízes comerciais, quanto em qualidade, apresentando dimensões de raízes comerciais dentro dos padrões de comercialização como Extra A. O desempenho dos genótipos, bem como a grande maioria das variáveis de batata-doce não foram influenciadas pela correção do solo.</span></p>
Editorial: Lipid Rafts and Amyloidogenesis
Authors: Araki Wataru 
Published: September 2015

Lipid Rafts and Amyloidogenesis
Lipid rafts are the membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids, which play important roles in such
cellular processes as protein sorting and signal transduction. Lipid rafts have recently received significant attention as they have
been shown to be important regions for the generation and accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), the main culprit in the
pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. For instance, the proteases responsible for the production of Aβ are localized to lipid
rafts, and rafts appear to be involved in the pathological aggregation of Aβ. Thus, the relationship between lipid rafts and
amyloidogenesis is considered a critical issue to be investigated. In addition, modulation of lipid rafts is an interesting issue in
biological sciences. In this special issue, the first two articles by Wataru Araki and Madepalli K. Lakshmana focus on the
relation between lipid rafts and the mechanisms of Aβ generation, and the third article by Gunter P. Eckert mainly deals with
the manipulation of lipid rafts in neuronal cells. I hope that this special issue provides informative unique collection of minireviews
which highlight the significance of lipid rafts in amyloidogenesis.
Emergency Severity Index Scores Differ by Health Provider’s Gender and
Patient’s Age
Authors: Vigil Jacob M. , Alcock Joe , Coulombe Patrick , Strenth Chance 
Published: September 2015

Background:
Experimental research shows that laywomen express higher levels of empathy than men to pain
suffering behaviors in others and female practitioners interact with and may prescribe different levels of pain medication
to patients than male practitioners.

Objectives:
In this study we conduct a small medical records review to examine the
possibility that female emergency department nurses assign lower levels (i.e., more urgent, serious, resource extensive) of
emergency severity index (ESI) scores of patients presenting for care in the emergency department than male nurses,
raising the possibility that patients receive disparate treatment during triage depending on the gender of medical staff.

Methods:
The patient-provided pain scores and the examiner-determined ESI scores of forty-eight male, emergency department
patients (21-89yrs, Mage = 57.2, SDage = 19.3) were examined across multiple visits, along with the gender of
their triage examiner at each visit of (127 total patient/provider interactions).

Results:
A cross-classified mixed-effects
model to analyze the influence of examiner gender on the triage scores that showed a significant Examiner Gender x
Patient Age interaction. Further probing showed that female practitioners ascribed significantly lower ESI scores than
male practitioners, although this effect was limited to patients younger than 55 years of age.

Conclusion:
These findings
warrant larger-scale investigations of patient and examiner influences on patient treatment, which are necessary for
creating more standardized protocols for reliably assessing emergency-care patients and for reducing health disparities in
patient treatment quality.
Surgically Induced Corneal Astigmatism Following Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injection
Authors: Kocatürk Tolga , Erkan Erol , Eğrilmez Sait , Çakmak Harun , Dündar Sema O. , Dayanir Volkan 
Published: September 2015

Purpose :
To evaluate surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) after an intravitreal ranibizumab (IVR) injection.

Methods :
Fifty eight eyes of 58 patients who underwent IVR injection due to age-related macular degeneration (wet form)
or macular edema were included in this study. Patients’ pre- and postoperative detailed ophthalmologic examinations
were done and topographic keratometric values (K1, K2) were noted. Pre- and postoperative measurements were
compared.

Results :
The mean preoperative astigmatism of 0.87 Diopters (D) was found to be 0.95 D, 0.75 D, 0.82 D and 0.78 D on
the 1st day, 3rd day, 1st week and 1st month, respectively. After injection, absolute change in astigmatism was found to
be 0.08 D, 0.12 D, 0.05 D and 0.09 D on the 1st day, 3rd day, 1st week and 1st month, respectively. The absolute change
in astigmatism seemed to be insignificant in terms of refractive analysis, however; when we performed a vectorial
analysis, which takes into account changes in the axis of astigmatism, the mean value of induced astigmatism were found
to be 0.33±0.22 D, 0.32±0.29 D, 0.41±0.37 D, 0.46±0.32 D on the 1st day, 3rd day, 1st week and on 1st month,
respectively.

Conclusion :
Intravitreal injection is a minimally invasive ophthalmologic procedure, however; it may still cause
statistically significant induced astigmatism when evaluated from a vectorial point of view.
Coût des enfants et politiques publiques
Authors: Math Antoine 
Published: September 2015

Les biens et services consacrés par la société française pour la production et l’éducation des enfants de moins de 20 ans sont évalués à environ 480 milliards d’euros en 2012, soit de l’ordre de 30 000 euros par an et par enfant. Près de 40 % de ce coût correspond aux biens et services autoproduits par les ménages à travers leurs activités domestiques non rémunérées, 23 % aux biens et services acquis sur le marché par les ménages (dépenses de consommation nettes des transferts monétaires non affectés des administrations) et 38 % aux dépenses publiques. Trois questions de politiques publiques sont discutées à l’aune de cette évaluation du coût direct des enfants et de son financement : l’immigration ; le financement de la politique familiale ; le vieillissement et le coût des personnes âgées retraitées.
Les débats sur la stagnation séculaire dans les années 1937-1950
Authors: Dockès Pierre 
Published: September 2015

Le débat actuel sur la stagnation séculaire retrouve celui lancé par Keynes et Hansen en 1938 (avec Full Recovery or Stagnation ) lors de la rechute américaine. Il atteint son apogée à la fin de la guerre avec le livre anti-stagnationniste de Terborgh ( The Bogey of Economic Maturity ), les réponses de Hansen et de ses disciples, et l’intervention de nombreux économistes américains et européens. Quels furent les arguments des uns et des autres ? Le plus fameux des opposants à Hansen et aux new-dealers était Schumpeter. Il va s’opposer publiquement au jeune marxohansénien Paul Sweezy en un débat (1946) que Samuelson célébrera comme un combat de gladiateurs à l’époque « où les géants arpentaient la terre et les jardins d’Harvard ».
Contribution of Qualitative Research to Evidence in Practice for People With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Tomlin George S. , Swinth Yvonne 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Appraising the best available evidence substantiating and informing occupational therapy practice is a commonly expressed obligation for the profession (American Occupational Therapy Association [AOTA], 2007). In this article we argue for the full inclusion of qualitative research, on parity with quantitative research, as a source for evidence of relevant and effective occupational therapy practice, review the limitations of quantitative research, and outline the distinctive contributions of qualitative studies to the practice of occupational therapy for people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In addition, we describe the role of qualitative studies in the fulfillment of the Centennial Vision (AOTA, 2007) and recommend three action steps for the profession.
Big Data: een revolutie in gemeentelijk beleid?
Authors: Daalhuijsen Tom , Steenman Sebastiaan , Meijer Albert 
Published: September 2015

Big Data: a revolution in municipal policy?
Big Data is the new hype in municipal policy and the promise of Big Data is rationalization: better policy that is based on better information. In this article the authors investigate the extent to which the use of Big Data in municipal organizations results in a more rational policy process. Their empirical research was held in two Dutch municipalities: Tilburg, in the south of the Netherlands, and Assen, in the north of the Netherlands. They investigated how Tilburg deploys Big Data for the fight against crime and Assen is trying to improve its traffic management with Big Data. Their analysis shows that policy, more so than in the past, is being steered by specific information because Big Data is being used. The rationalization of policy, however, is limited by the possibilities of Big Data and by political dynamics. Their final conclusion therefore is that the uncertainty, unfamiliarity, complexity and constant change are partly made manageable and controllable by the use of Big Data in municipal organizations. Politics is also partly ‘tamed’ because politicians have to relate to ‘objective data’ from information systems.