bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ranolazine Monotherapy on Glycemic Control in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Eckel Robert H. , Henry Robert R. , Yue Patrick , Dhalla Arvinder , Wong Pamela , Jochelson Philip , Belardinelli Luiz , Skyler Jay S. 
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE
Ranolazine is an antianginal drug that mediates its effects by inhibition of cardiac late sodium current. Although ranolazine is not approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, in post hoc analyses of pivotal angina trials, ranolazine was associated with reductions in percent glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in subjects with type 2 diabetes. The study prospectively assessed the safety and efficacy of ranolazine in subjects with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycemic control managed by lifestyle alone.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study was conducted worldwide in 465 subjects, with baseline HbA1c of 7–10% (53–86 mmol/mol) and fasting serum glucose of 130–240 mg/dL, randomized to placebo versus ranolazine.

RESULTS
Compared with placebo, there was a greater decline in HbA1c at week 24 from baseline (primary end point) in subjects taking ranolazine (mean difference −0.56% [−6.1 mmol/mol]; P &lt; 0.0001). Moreover, the proportion of subjects achieving an HbA1c &lt;7.0% was greater with ranolazine (25.6% vs. 41.2%; P = 0.0004). Ranolazine was associated with reductions in fasting (mean difference −8 mg/dL; P = 0.0266) and 2-h postprandial glucose (mean difference −19 mg/dL; P = 0.0008 vs. placebo). Subjects taking ranolazine trended toward a greater decrease from baseline in fasting insulin (P = 0.0507), a greater decrease in fasting glucagon (P = 0.0003), and a lower postprandial 3-h glucagon area under the curve (P = 0.0031 vs. placebo). Ranolazine was safe and well tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS
Compared with placebo, use of ranolazine monotherapy over 24 weeks, in subjects with type 2 diabetes and inadequate glycemic control on diet and exercise alone, significantly reduced HbA1c and other measures of glycemic control.
Sotagliflozin, a Dual SGLT1 and SGLT2 Inhibitor, as Adjunct Therapy to Insulin in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sands Arthur T. , Zambrowicz Brian P. , Rosenstock Julio , Lapuerta Pablo , Bode Bruce W. , Garg Satish K. , Buse John B. , Banks Phillip , Heptulla Rubina , Rendell Marc , Cefalu William T. , Strumph Paul 
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE
To assess the safety and efficacy of dual sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT) 1 and SGLT2 inhibition with sotagliflozin as adjunct therapy to insulin in type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We treated 33 patients with sotagliflozin, an oral dual SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibitor, or placebo in a randomized, double-blind trial assessing safety, insulin dose, glycemic control, and other metabolic parameters over 29 days of treatment.

RESULTS
In the sotagliflozin-treated group, the percent reduction from baseline in the primary end point of bolus insulin dose was 32.1% (P = 0.007), accompanied by lower mean daily glucose measured by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) of 148.8 mg/dL (8.3 mmol/L) (P = 0.010) and a reduction of 0.55% (5.9 mmol/mol) (P = 0.002) in HbA1c compared with the placebo group that showed 6.4% reduction in bolus insulin dose, a mean daily glucose of 170.3 mg/dL (9.5 mmol/L), and a decrease of 0.06% (0.65 mmol/mol) in HbA1c. The percentage of time in target glucose range 70–180 mg/dL (3.9–10.0 mmol/L) increased from baseline with sotagliflozin compared with placebo, to 68.2% vs. 54.0% (P = 0.003), while the percentage of time in hyperglycemic range &gt;180 mg/dL (10.0 mmol/L) decreased from baseline, to 25.0% vs. 40.2% (P = 0.002), for sotagliflozin and placebo, respectively. Body weight decreased (1.7 kg) with sotagliflozin compared with a 0.5 kg gain (P = 0.005) in the placebo group.

CONCLUSIONS
As adjunct to insulin, dual SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibition with sotagliflozin improved glycemic control and the CGM profile with bolus insulin dose reduction, weight loss, and no increased hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes.
Predictive Low-Glucose Insulin Suspension Reduces Duration of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in Children Without Increasing Ketosis
Authors: Buckingham Bruce A. , Raghinaru Dan , Cameron Fraser , Bequette B. Wayne , Chase H. Peter , Maahs David M. , Slover Robert , Wadwa R. Paul , Wilson Darrell M. , Ly Trang , Aye Tandy , Hramiak Irene , Clarson Cheril , Stein Robert , Gallego Patricia H. , Lum John , Sibayan Judy , Kollman Craig , Beck Roy W. ,   for the In Home Closed Loop Study Group
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE
Nocturnal hypoglycemia can cause seizures and is a major impediment to tight glycemic control, especially in young children with type 1 diabetes. We conducted an in-home randomized trial to assess the efficacy and safety of a continuous glucose monitor–based overnight predictive low-glucose suspend (PLGS) system.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In two age-groups of children with type 1 diabetes (11–14 and 4–10 years of age), a 42-night trial for each child was conducted wherein each night was assigned randomly to either having the PLGS system active (intervention night) or inactive (control night). The primary outcome was percent time &lt;70 mg/dL overnight.

RESULTS
Median time at &lt;70 mg/dL was reduced by 54% from 10.1% on control nights to 4.6% on intervention nights (P &lt; 0.001) in 11–14-year-olds (n = 45) and by 50% from 6.2% to 3.1% (P &lt; 0.001) in 4–10-year-olds (n = 36). Mean overnight glucose was lower on control versus intervention nights in both age-groups (144 ± 18 vs. 152 ± 19 mg/dL [P &lt; 0.001] and 153 ± 14 vs. 160 ± 16 mg/dL [P = 0.004], respectively). Mean morning blood glucose was 159 ± 29 vs. 176 ± 28 mg/dL (P &lt; 0.001) in the 11–14-year-olds and 154 ± 25 vs. 158 ± 22 mg/dL (P = 0.11) in the 4–10-year-olds, respectively. No differences were found between intervention and control in either age-group in morning blood ketosis.

CONCLUSIONS
In 4–14-year-olds, use of a nocturnal PLGS system can substantially reduce overnight hypoglycemia without an increase in morning ketosis, although overnight mean glucose is slightly higher.
Day and Night Closed-Loop Control Using the Integrated Medtronic Hybrid Closed-Loop System in Type 1 Diabetes at Diabetes Camp
Authors: Ly Trang T. , Roy Anirban , Grosman Benyamin , Shin John , Campbell Alex , Monirabbasi Salman , Liang Bradley , von Eyben Rie , Shanmugham Satya , Clinton Paula , Buckingham Bruce A. 
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a fully integrated hybrid closed-loop (HCL) system (Medtronic MiniMed Inc., Northridge, CA), in day and night closed-loop control in subjects with type 1 diabetes, both in an inpatient setting and during 6 days at diabetes camp.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The Medtronic MiniMed HCL system consists of a fourth generation (4S) glucose sensor, a sensor transmitter, and an insulin pump using a modified proportional-integral-derivative (PID) insulin feedback algorithm with safety constraints. Eight subjects were studied over 48 h in an inpatient setting. This was followed by a study of 21 subjects for 6 days at diabetes camp, randomized to either the closed-loop control group using the HCL system or to the group using the Medtronic MiniMed 530G with threshold suspend (control group).

RESULTS
The overall mean sensor glucose percent time in range 70–180 mg/dL was similar between the groups (73.1% vs. 69.9%, control vs. HCL, respectively) (P = 0.580). Meter glucose values between 70 and 180 mg/dL were also similar between the groups (73.6% vs. 63.2%, control vs. HCL, respectively) (P = 0.086). The mean absolute relative difference of the 4S sensor was 10.8 ± 10.2%, when compared with plasma glucose values in the inpatient setting, and 12.6 ± 11.0% compared with capillary Bayer CONTOUR NEXT LINK glucose meter values during 6 days at camp.

CONCLUSIONS
In the first clinical study of this fully integrated system using an investigational PID algorithm, the system did not demonstrate improved glucose control compared with sensor-augmented pump therapy alone. The system demonstrated good connectivity and improved sensor performance.
Seed Germination and Morphological Behavior of Maize (NAC-6002, NAC-6004 and NAH- 2049) Seedlings under Abiotic Stress (Alachlor) Condition
Authors: N K Hemanth Kumar , Jagannath Shobha 
Published: June 2015

Herbicides are the most flourishing weed control knowledge eternally developed. To appraise the possessions of herbicides on maize, a study was carried out to evaluate the effect of alachlor on different maize cultivars on germination and early growth parameters. The studies were carried out in hydroponic conditions supplemented with different concentrations (1.0, 2.5 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 ppm) of alachlor. All the three cultivars of maize were found to be significantly affected with increasing herbicide concentration. Percent germination, vigour index, tolerance index, fresh and dry weight, plumule and radicle length were found to be decreased as the herbicide concentration increased, however the dry weight increased slightly at higher concentration when compared to other concentrations. The percent toxicity increased as the concentration of herbicide increased. The current study clearly implies that higher concentration of alachlor is toxic to maize, resulted in a decline in seed germination and early growth parameters.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i4.12638
The Effects of Probiotic Yogurt Drink on Lipid Profile, CRP and Record Changes in Aerobic Athletes
Authors: Salehzadeh Karim 
Published: June 2015

Lipid profile and CRP are among the most important inflammatory markers prognosticating cardiovascular diseases. The present study aims to investigate effects of probiotic yogurt drink on lipid profile, CRP and records of normal-weight aerobic athletes. Thirty convenient athletes with similar BMIs (22± 2) were randomly put into two groups of ordinary and probiotic yogurt drinks. Their blood samples were taken before and after the experiment and the CRP and lipid profile were calculated through F and t (Satterwhite and paired) tests. Results revealed that both types of yogurt drink significantly increase HDL and decrease CRP; yet, the decreasing effects of CRP on athletes' records were significantly higher in probiotic group (-28 seconds) compared to the ordinary drink group (-2 seconds). Probiotic yogurt drink has a greater effect on decreasing serum CRP, increasing HDL and VO2MAX and improving athletes' records.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i4.12672
The Effect of Assertiveness Skills Training on Reduction of Emotional Victimization of Female High School Students
Authors: Hosseini Seyed Adnan , Mirnasab Mirmahmoud , Salimy Hossein , Zangiabadi Masumeh 
Published: June 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of assertiveness skills(AS)training on reduction of Emotional victimization in Sanandaj high school female students in iran (Academic year of 2013-14). Thus, 50 students (25 experimental, 25 control) were selected using random clustering sampling. This study was a quasi-experimental design with pretest, posttest and control group. Data was collected using Iranian form of bullying victimization scale. In an assertiveness skills training program, experimental group attended at eight 90-min sessions (one session per week), but control group never attended at any session. Data was examined using ANCOVA in SPSS. The results in both experimental and follow-up stagesshowed that there was a significant diffrences between pretest and posttest inexperimental group. The findings were suggested that an assertiveness skillstraining program decreased students’ Emotional victimization as an effective intervention.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i4.12679
Experience With Aflibercept for the Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: He Lingmin , Silva Ruwan A. , Ayoub Noel , Moshfeghi Darius M. , Leng Theodore 
Published: June 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Describe visual and anatomic outcomes of eyes with exudative age- related macular degeneration (AMD) after treatment with aflibercept.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Eyes treated with intravitreal injections of aflibercept for exudative AMD were retrospectively reviewed to compare visual acuity and central subfield thickness (CST) on optical coherence tomography.

RESULTS:

A total of 142 eyes receiving aflibercept were previously treated with bevacizumab or ranibizumab intravitreal injections. Baseline vision was 20/73 ± 5.18 lines when switched to aflibercept. It improved by 0.2 ± 1.91 lines (
P
=.14) after three injections but decreased by 0.45 ± 2.9 lines (
P
= .06) after 1 year of follow-up. The reduction in CST was 9.9 ± 46.5 µm (
P
= .06) after three injections and grew to 19.3 ± 50.6 µm (
P
= .002), a statistically significant amount, after 1 year.

CONCLUSION:
Switching to aflibercept resulted in no clinically significant differences in visual acuity after 1 year. There was a significant reduction in CST, but this may not be clinically significant.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:542–549.]
Vėjo energijos panaudojimo šilumos gamybai, taikant hidraulinę sistemą, tyrimas
Authors: Černeckienė Jurgita , Ždankus Tadas 
Published: June 2015

Vėjo energiją naudojant pastatams šildyti galima ženkliai sumažinti kuro sąnaudas, o tuo pačiu ir aplinkos taršą. Vėjo mechaninės energijos transformavimas į šilumą nėra naujovė, tačiau dabar labiausiai paplitusios elektrinės sistemos, kai vėjaratis suka elektros generatorių, o šiluma pastate gaunama naudojant elektrinius šildytuvus. Daugiau generuojamos šilumos ir mažesnes investicijas galima būtų pasiekti vietoje elektrinės naudojant hidraulinę šilumos generavimo sistemą. Eksperimentinių tyrimų stende hidraulinės sistemos pagrindinės dalys buvo: krumpliaratinis siurblys, reguliuojamasis ventilis-apkrova ir šilumokaitis. Eksperimentiškai modeliuojama maža vėjo jėgainė su vėjaračio sukimosi dažniu iki 5 Hz. Eksperimentinių tyrimų metu nustatyta, kad hidraulinė šilumos generavimo sistema net ir neapkrauta pasiekia naudingumo koeficientą iki 0,5, o su apkrova efektyvumas išauga iki >0,85. Vėjo energija sugeneruotą šilumą šilumnešiui galima atiduoti akumuliacinėje talpoje, jei pastate kaip pagrindinis energijos šaltinis naudojamas dujinis ar kieto kuro katilas. Kitu atveju šilumą galima kaupti grunte, jei pastatams šildyti naudojama geoterminė sistema.
Tourniquet Use and Local Tissue Concentrations of Cefazolin During Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Montreuil Julien , Tanzer Michael , Zhang Yu Ling , Rajda Ewa , Avizonis Daina , Hart Adam 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceProphylactic administration of antibiotics before skin incision is an important component in the prevention of periprosthetic joint infection in arthroplasty surgery. For antibiotics to be effective, the local tissue concentration (LTC) must exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration of typical infecting organisms; however, the LTC of cefazolin during arthroplasty is poorly understood.ObjectiveTo compare the systemic concentration of cefazolin in serum with the LTC in fat, synovium, and bone during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) while assessing the effect of tourniquet inflation.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted from March 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023, in patients undergoing TKA at a single academic center.InterventionTotal knee arthroplasty with or without a limb tourniquet.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSystemic blood and local tissues from the surgical site (fat, synovium, and bone) were harvested at regular intervals during the surgery. The primary outcome was the LTC of cefazolin, quantified using the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technique.ResultsA total of 59 patients were included in the study, with 29 in the tourniquet group (mean [SD] age, 69.3 [9.6] years; 23 [79.3%] female) and 30 in the no tourniquet group (mean [SD] age, 69.9 [9.7] years; 21 [70.0%] female). In patients undergoing TKA without a tourniquet, the mean concentration of cefazolin in serum was 71.9 μg/mL (95% CI, 66.4-77.5 μg/mL), whereas the mean LTCs were 13.9 μg/g (95% CI, 12.1-15.7 μg/g) in fat, 27.7 μg/g (95% CI, 24.3-31.0 μg/g) in synovium, and 17.7 μg/g (95% CI, 14.8-20.5 μg/g) in bone. For patients undergoing TKA with a tourniquet, the mean concentration of cefazolin in serum was 72.0 μg/mL (95% CI, 66.3-77.7 μg/mL), and the mean LTCs were 9.9 μg/g (95% CI, 8.7-11.1 μg/g) in fat, 21.8 μg/g (95% CI, 18.7-25.0 μg/g) in synovium, and 13.0 μg/g (95% CI, 10.8-15.2 μg/g) in bone. The use of a tourniquet resulted in significantly lower mean LTCs by 60 minutes after cefazolin infusion (10.8 μg/g [95% CI, 9.1-12.4 μg/g] vs 16.9 μg/g [95% CI, 14.1-19.6 μg/g], P = .001 in fat; 18.9 μg/g [95% CI, 14.1-23.6 μg/g] vs 25.8 μg/g [95% CI, 21.4-30.3 μg/g], P = .03 in synovium; and 11.8 μg/g [95% CI, 9.3-14.2 μg/g] vs 19.4 μg/g [95% CI, 14.5-24.4 μg/g], P = .007 in bone).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, the concentration of cefazolin was lower in local tissues (fat, synovium, and bone) than in systemic blood, and the use of a limb tourniquet further significantly reduced these concentrations. Although the current prophylactic dosing regimen for cefazolin provides sufficient serum concentrations, the levels in the periarticular tissue during TKA may be insufficient to prevent periprosthetic joint infection.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05604157
3D‐Mapping and Manipulation of Photocurrent in an Optoelectronic Diamond Device
Authors: Wood Alexander A. , McCloskey Daniel J. , Dontschuk Nikolai , Lozovoi Artur , Goldblatt Russell M. , Delord Tom , Broadway David A. , Tetienne Jean‐Philippe , Johnson Brett C. , Mitchell Kaih T. , Lew Christopher T.‐K. , Meriles Carlos A. , Martin Andy M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEstablishing connections between material impurities and charge transport properties in emerging electronic and quantum materials, such as wide‐bandgap semiconductors, demands new diagnostic methods tailored to these unique systems. Many such materials host optically‐active defect centers which offer a powerful in situ characterization system, but one that typically relies on the weak spin‐electric field coupling to measure electronic phenomena. In this work, charge‐state sensitive optical microscopy is combined with photoelectric detection of an array of nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers to directly image the flow of charge carriers inside a diamond optoelectronic device, in 3D and with temporal resolution. Optical control is used to change the charge state of background impurities inside the diamond on‐demand, resulting in drastically different current flow such as filamentary channels nucleating from specific, defective regions of the device. Conducting channels that control carrier flow, key steps toward optically reconfigurable, wide‐bandgap optoelectronics are then engineered using light. This work might be extended to probe other wide‐bandgap semiconductors (SiC, GaN) relevant to present and emerging electronic and quantum technologies.
Multifunctional Metamaterial with Reconfigurable Electromagnetic Scattering Properties for Advanced Stealth and Adaptive Applications
Authors: Wang Gang , Li Dawei , Liao Wenhe , Liu Tingting , Li Xiangjia , An Qing , Qu Zhi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe rapid development of radar detection systems has led to an increased sensitivity to the electromagnetic (EM) scattering properties of detected targets. Flexible and adaptable EM scattering properties significantly enhance the survivability of battlefield weapons. This paper presents the design of a novel multifunctional metamaterial with reconfigurable EM scattering properties based on a bistable curved beam. In addition to the cushioning and energy absorption properties of curved beams, the metamaterial achieves more than 90% EM absorption in the frequency range of 2.17–17.31 GHz, with a relative thickness of only 0.09λL. The bistable nature of the metamaterial allows it to switch between different states. Moreover, combined with the digital coding, this metamaterial can continuously adjust the absorbing bandwidth and further enhance the EM absorption rate within a specific frequency band range. If applied to satellite configurations, the developed metamaterial significantly reduces the radar cross section and offers potential applications in reconfiguring EM scattering properties, when applied to satellite configurations. By actively controller and reconstructing the EM scattering properties at certain frequency points, the metamaterial can achieve camouflage, providing innovative solutions for future stealth technology, electronic countermeasures, and deception jamming in radar detection.
MXene/Ag@whisker Carbon Nanotube‐Based Sandwich Structures for High‐Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Zhou Shenglin , Zhang Jiapeng , Hu Jun , You Junbo , Shentu Baoqing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe development of novel material configurations for achieving high‐performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding remains challenging. To effectively address this issue, in this work, a structure composed of Ag‐modified whisker carbon nanotube (Ag@WCNT) coated with 2D MXene composite is fabricated. The proposed EMI shielding material with different structures (double‐layer and sandwich structures) exhibited high shielding effectiveness close to 85 dB at X‐band. Its lightweight structure allowed for efficient shielding without significant weight gain, which is especially important in applications such as aerospace, mobile communications equipment, and others where lightweight is required. The high degree of tunability of these composites can be leveraged for meeting specific application requirements. This property renders them promising candidates for a wide range of electromagnetic shielding applications.
Rare Earth‐Diamond Hybrid Structures for Optical Quantum Technologies
Authors: Balașa Ionuț Gabriel , Arranz‐Martinez María Alejandra , Perrin Pauline , Ngandeu Ngambou Midrel , Hebbrecht Alexandre , Serrano Diana , Achard Jocelyn , Tallaire Alexandre , Goldner Philippe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDiamond containing nitrogen‐vacancy centers (NV−) is one of the most investigated materials for quantum technologies, because of this system's exceptional spin properties. Although the NV− optical transition is very bright, it suffers from spectral diffusion and weak zero‐phonon line, and is in the visible range. This limits integration into quantum photonic structures and interfacing with optical fiber networks. In contrast, rare earth (RE) ions exhibit extremely narrow and stable optical transitions, including erbium's 1.5 µm telecom wavelength. Combining RE with NV− properties through short‐range interactions is however challenging as RE do not readily enter the diamond lattice. In this work, a thin‐film‐based architecture in which RE and NV− centers can interact while preserving their unique properties is introduced. Thin films of Er3+:Y2O3 are grown by chemical vapor deposition on diamond substrates with well‐crystallized and highly textured structures. An extensive spectroscopic study of Er3+ transitions at room and low temperatures further reveals that photoluminescence spectra and decays are close to bulk materials. It is also shown that Y2O3 thin film deposition has no detrimental effects on NV− optical and spin properties. RE thin films deposited on diamond can thus be suitable for building hybrid materials for new functionalities in quantum sensing, communication, and processing.