bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les littératures africaines
Authors: Rubiales Lourdes 
Published: September 2015

La réédition de la « partie espagnole » des Voyages du P. Labat de l’ordre des FF. Prêcheurs en Espagne et en Italie (1730), sous le titre Viaje por Andalucía , s’est tout d’abord présentée comme un prétexte pour voyager dans le temps dans une ville que Labat avait connue trois cents ans avant Alain Ricard, ce grand voyageur moderne. Pourtant, la lecture de la traduction et du paratexte hétéroclite qui composent l’édition andalouse a vite laissé apparaître des perspectives d’analyse autrement intéressantes pour le chercheur en littérature. Les lignes qui suivent se proposent de reconstruire, à travers les pistes fournies par cette édition, l’histoire éditoriale du texte, ce qui permettra de repérer quelques jalons dans le processus de reclassement de son auteur au XX e siècle. À l’horizon de cette étude se pose la question, toujours controversée, des frontières du « littéraire ».
Les littératures africaines
Authors: Mangeon Anthony 
Published: September 2015

Cet « exercice d’admiration » (Cioran) chemine d’Alain Locke à Alain Ricard et, en retraçant leurs itinéraires respectifs, tâche d’indiquer quelles voies communes ils ont pu ouvrir dans les études africaines. Après quelques données factuelles (formation pluridisciplinaire, expérience africaine, activités éditoriales...), j’examine certaines convergences scientifiques : semblablement marqués par l’anthropologie culturelle, les deux auteurs ont transformé l’étude des littératures noires en insistant sur leurs multiples héritages et en les abordant, dans le même temps, avec une ambition presque encyclopédique. On retiendra notamment leur contribution à la critique théâtrale. Dans leur attention à des littératures ou à des expressions souvent jugées mineures car inédites dans leur champ d’apparition, Locke et Ricard partagent un même don à identifier la nouveauté là où d’autres ne voient que du semblable ou de l’inférieur. En définitive, leurs points communs – au-delà de leurs différences manifestes – démentent les racialisations ou les sexualisations outrancières de la pensée qui colorent et orientent aujourd’hui tant d’études critiques.
Les littératures africaines
Authors: Halen Pierre 
Published: September 2015

Dans le contexte d’une globalisation que les mondes coloniaux puis postcoloniaux ont vu se développer, les littératures se font écho sans qu’il y ait eu nécessairement d’influences entre elles ; en réalité, elles participent d’un univers devenu partiellement commun, structuré par des questionnements, des discours, des symbolisations qui sont devenues planétaires. Il en va ainsi dans la construction de figures royales féminines chez trois auteurs qui sont ici pris à témoin : Kane, Le Clézio, Bauchau.
Les littératures africaines
Authors: Delas Daniel 
Published: September 2015

Édouard Glissant nous invite à penser le monde dans sa totalité et à écrire « en présence de toutes les langues ». Les concepts qu’il nous propose permettent-ils d’avancer sur les terrains africains ? Divers exemples en font douter, empruntés tant aux espaces imaginaires antérieurs, européens ou méditerranéens, qu’aux nouveaux espaces africains qui nous invitent à mieux inventorier le réel des univers continentaux pour proposer d’y ajuster notre réflexion critique.
L'Afrique noire dans les imaginaires antillais
Authors: Rochmann Marie-Christine 
Published: September 2015

Résumé L’Afrique dans l’œuvre romanesque d’Édouard Glissant L’histoire littéraire ayant décrit le passage de la négritude à l’antillanité comme un « recentrement » de la littérature antillaise sur les Antilles, cet article examine ce qu’il reste d’Afrique dans l’œuvre romanesque d’Édouard Glissant. C’est de fait bien une marginalisation, un « excentrement » du continent d’origine qui s’effectue dans les premières œuvres : limitée à des figurations symboliques dans La Lézarde , appréhendée dans sa seule relation avec les Antilles et comme lieu du « péché originel » dans Le Quatrième siècle, oubliée mais présupposée dans Malemort. L’Afrique s’impose néanmoins au cœur de La Case du commandeur , pour incarner un « désiré historique » avant de s’éclipser quasiment totalement dans Mahagony . La seconde période des œuvres glissantiennes, axées sur le Tout-Monde, procèdera, elle, à une remédiation de cette relative absence, par un certain réalisme historico-géographique dans Tout-Monde et par une nouvelle figuration mythique dans Sartorius .
L'Afrique noire dans les imaginaires antillais
Authors: Nkunzimana Obed 
Published: September 2015

Résumé Dans le roman abordé, l’évocation de l’Afrique se profile sur deux plans : il s’agit d’une Afrique maléfique, associée à la Malédiction originelle qu’est la Traite, tragédie aussi incompréhensible qu’irréparable. Se dessine aussi, derrière l’évocation de ce crime fondateur des Antilles auquel une certaine Afrique a participé, une amertume sourde face à la trahison de la part d’une terre matrice à jamais figée dans cet acte coupable initial. Au mieux, est évoquée une Afrique sexualisée, mais aussi mystique et ésotérique, dont la fierté guerrière et les héros légendaires, de Chaka à Lumumba et à Mandela, sont inspirants. Même si ce roman évoque une africanité recyclable en un nouveau matériau de ressourcement et de « refondation » des destins individuels et collectifs des Antilles, malgré la tentative de transfigurer cette « mémoire obscure » pour en faire une épopée et, par moments, un morceau d’exotisme flamboyant, l’imagerie d’une Afrique maudite, irrémédiablement rattachée à l’« enfer génésique », reste prédominante.
The Levels of the Lectin Pathway Serine Protease MASP-1 and Its Complex Formation with C1 Inhibitor Are Linked to the Severity of Hereditary Angioedema
Authors: Hansen Cecilie Bo , Csuka Dorottya , Munthe-Fog Lea , Varga Lilian , Farkas Henriette , Hansen Karin Møller , Koch Claus , Skjødt Karsten , Garred Peter , Skjoedt Mikkel-Ole 
Published: September 2015

AbstractC1 inhibitor (C1-INH) is known to form complexes with the lectin complement pathway serine proteases MASP-1 and MASP-2. Deficiency of C1-INH is associated with hereditary angioedema (HAE), an autosomal inherited disease characterized by swelling attacks caused by elevated levels of bradykinin. MASP-1 was shown to cleave high m.w. kininogen into bradykinin; therefore, we hypothesized that MASP-1 levels and the quantity of MASP-1/C1-INH complexes might be associated with different paraclinical and clinical outcomes of HAE. We measured MASP-1 serum concentrations and endogenous MASP-1/C1-INH complex levels in 128 HAE patients and 100 controls. Relatively high levels of pre-existing MASP-1/C1-INH complexes were observed in normal serum, and we found that both the serum levels of MASP-1 and the complex formation between MASP-1 and C1-INH were significantly reduced in HAE patients compared with matched controls (p &lt; 0.0001). The level of MASP-1 and MASP-1/C1-INH complexes in HE patients correlated with the level of C1-INH (p = 0.0009 and p = 0.0047, respectively), the level of C4 (p = 0.0084 and p &lt; 0.0001, respectively), and the number of attacks in the year of blood sampling (p = 0.0075 and p = 0.0058, respectively). In conclusion, we show that MASP-1/C1-INH complexes circulate in normal human blood. The levels of MASP-1 and MASP-1/C1-INH complexes are reduced in HAE patients compared with controls. Both MASP-1 and MASP-1/C1-INH complexes are related to the degree of complement C4 consumption, as well as the severity of disease. These results suggest that MASP-1 may exert a previously unrecognized role in the pathophysiology of HAE.
The BLT1 Inhibitory Function of α-1 Antitrypsin Augmentation Therapy Disrupts Leukotriene B4 Neutrophil Signaling
Authors: O’Dwyer Ciara A. , O’Brien M. Emmet , Wormald Mark R. , White Michelle M. , Banville Nessa , Hurley Killian , McCarthy Cormac , McElvaney Noel G. , Reeves Emer P. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) contributes to many inflammatory diseases, including genetic and nongenetic forms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. α-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (AATD) is characterized by destruction of lung parenchyma and development of emphysema, caused by low AAT levels and a high neutrophil burden in the airways of affected individuals. In this study we assessed whether AATD is an LTB4-related disease and investigated the ability of serum AAT to control LTB4 signaling in neutrophils. In vitro studies demonstrate that neutrophil elastase is a key player in the LTB4 inflammatory cycle in AATD, causing increased LTB4 production, and associated BLT1 membrane receptor expression. AATD patients homozygous for the Z allele were characterized by increased neutrophil adhesion and degranulation responses to LTB4. We demonstrate that AAT can bind LTB4 and that AAT/LTB4 complex formation modulates BLT1 engagement and downstream signaling events, including 1,4,5-triphosphate production and Ca2+ flux. Additionally, treatment of ZZ-AATD individuals with AAT augmentation therapy decreased plasma LTB4 concentrations and reduced levels of membrane-bound neutrophil elastase. Collectively, these results provide a mechanism by which AAT augmentation therapy impacts on LTB4 signaling in vivo, and not only reinforces the utility of this therapy for resolving inflammation in AATD, but supports useful future clinical applications in treatment of other LTB4-related diseases.
Composition, Development, and Function of Uterine Innate Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Doisne Jean-Marc , Balmas Elisa , Boulenouar Selma , Gaynor Louise M. , Kieckbusch Jens , Gardner Lucy , Hawkes Delia A. , Barbara Cynthia F. , Sharkey Andrew M. , Brady Hugh J. M. , Brosens Jan J. , Moffett Ashley , Colucci Francesco 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), including NK cells, contribute to barrier immunity and tissue homeostasis. In addition to the role of uterine NK cells in placentation and fetal growth, other uterine ILCs (uILCs) are likely to play roles in uterine physiology and pathology. In this article, we report on the composition of uILCs in the endometrium during the luteal phase and in the decidua during early pregnancy. Whereas nonkiller uILC1s and uILC2s are barely detectable in mouse and not detected in humans, a sizeable population of uILC3s is found in human endometrium and decidua, which are mostly NCR+ and partially overlap with previously described IL-22–producing uterine NK cells. Development of mouse uILC3 is Nfil3 independent, suggesting unique features of uILCs. Indeed, although the cytokine production profile of mouse uILCs recapitulates that described in other tissues, IL-5, IL-17, and IL-22 are constitutively produced by uILC2s and uILC3s. This study lays the foundation to understand how ILCs function in the specialized uterine mucosa, both in tissue homeostasis and barrier immunity and during pregnancy.
Acute-Phase Deaths from Murine Polymicrobial Sepsis Are Characterized by Innate Immune Suppression Rather Than Exhaustion
Authors: Chiswick Evan L. , Mella Juan R. , Bernardo John , Remick Daniel G. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSepsis, a leading cause of death in the United States, has poorly understood mechanisms of mortality. To address this, our model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced sepsis stratifies mice as predicted to Live (Live-P) or Die (Die-P) based on plasma IL-6. Six hours post-CLP, both Live-P and Die-P groups have equivalent peritoneal bacterial colony forming units and recruitment of phagocytes. By 24 h, however, Die-P mice have increased bacterial burden, despite increased neutrophil recruitment, suggesting Die-P phagocytes have impaired bacterial killing. Peritoneal cells were used to study multiple bactericidal processes: bacterial killing, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and phagocytosis. Total phagocytosis and intraphagosomal processes were determined with triple-labeled Escherichia coli, covalently labeled with ROS- and pH-sensitive probes, and an ROS/pH-insensitive probe for normalization. Although similar proportions of Live-P and Die-P phagocytes responded to exogenous stimuli, Die-P phagocytes showed marked deficits in all parameters measured, thus suggesting immunosuppression rather than exhaustion. This contradicts the prevailing sepsis paradigm that acute-phase sepsis deaths (&lt;5 d) result from excessive inflammation, whereas chronic-phase deaths (&gt;5 d) are characterized by insufficient inflammation and immunosuppression. These data suggest that suppression of cellular innate immunity in sepsis occurs within the first 6 h.
Cutting Edge: Resident Memory CD8 T Cells Express High-Affinity TCRs
Authors: Frost Elizabeth L. , Kersh Anna E. , Evavold Brian D. , Lukacher Aron E. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells serve as vanguards of antimicrobial host defense in nonlymphoid tissues, particularly at barrier epithelia and in organs with nonrenewable cell types (e.g., brain). In this study, we asked whether an augmented ability to sense Ag complemented their role as early alarms of pathogen invasion. Using mouse polyomavirus, we show that brain-resident mouse polyomavirus–specific CD8 T cells, unlike memory cells in the spleen, progressively increase binding to MHC class I tetramers and CD8 coreceptor expression. Using the two-dimensional micropipette adhesion-frequency assay, we show that TRM cells in brain, as well as in kidney, express TCRs with up to 20-fold higher affinity than do splenic memory T cells, whereas effector cells express TCRs of similar high affinity in all organs. Together, these data demonstrate that TRM cells retain high TCR affinity, which endows them with the high Ag sensitivity needed for front-line defense against infectious agents.
Stroke outcome after domiciliary use of opioids in the peri-stroke period
Authors: Juneja Shivani , Gupta Kanchan , Singla Monika , Singh Gagandeep , Kaushal Sandeep 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Background: Stroke affects large number of people worldwide resulting in disability. The people in the northern region of India follow some domiciliary practices, which include administration of opioids at the onset of stroke to retard its progression. Aim: To study the effect of opioids on the outcome and severity of stroke when used as domiciliary treatment in peri-stroke period. Materials and Methods: A prospective, observational study on stroke patients was carried out in Department of Neurology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, Punjab, India from March 2012 to March 2013. Data were collected in a semi-structured proforma. The variables which were studied included socio-demographic characteristics such as age, gender, religion, socio-economic status, and place of inhabitation. The time of opioid administration, approximate amount administered, frequency of administration, duration of hospital stay, risk factors and co-morbid conditions were also studied. The stroke severity was analyzed by comparing National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and outcome by comparing Modified Rankin Scale (MRS) score in both the groups at the time of admission and at the time of discharge. Results: Out of n = 100 recruited patients, n = 44 (Group A) reported opioid intake in the peri-stroke period and n = 56 (Group B) did not. Proportions of patients from rural areas were 61.4% in Group A and 37.5% in Group B. Mean age in groups A and B was 63 ± 9.15 and 59.8 ± 13.87 years, respectively; in these groups male proportions were 70.5% and 60.7%, respectively. At admission, mean NIHSS scores in Groups A and B were 10.0 ± 4.48 and 10.8 ± 4.51, respectively; on discharge, these scores were 6.3 ± 3.83 and 7.7 ± 3.79, respectively. At admission, mean MRS scores in Groups A and B were 3.7 ± 1.14 and 3.8 ± 1.32, respectively; upon discharge, these scores were 2.8 ± 1.18, 3.1 ± 1.23 respectively. Conclusion: In this cohort, we found that the domiciliary practice of opioids administration in the peri-stroke period is more common among the elderly and in the rural areas. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean NIHSS and MRS scores at admission as well as discharge implying that the opioid administration did not improve outcome or decrease the severity of the stroke. Our findings are robust enough to propose a larger sample size and follow-up in future studies to definitively ascertain the effect of opioids as pretreatment in stroke patients.
Influence of hydrotherapy on clinical and cardiac autonomic function in migraine patients
Authors: Sujan M. U. , Rao M. Raghavendra , Kisan Ravikiran , Abhishekh Hulegar A. , Nalini Atchayaram , Raju Trichur R. , Sathyaprabha T. N. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Background: Migraine is associated with autonomic symptoms. The growing body of literature suggests that the dysfunctional autonomic nervous system might play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of migraine. Thermal therapies have been hypothesized to modulate these changes and alleviate pain. However, data regarding the efficacy of hydrotherapy in migraine remain scant. We evaluated the effect of add on hydrotherapy procedure (a hot arm and foot bath with ice massage to head) in migraine patients. Methods: Forty chronic migraine patients fulfilling the International Classification of Headache Disorders II criteria were recruited from the neurology outpatient clinic. Patients were randomized to receive either hydrotherapy plus conventional pharmacological care (n = 20) or conventional medication only (n = 20). Hydrotherapy group received treatment with hot arm and foot bath (103°F to 110°F) and ice massage to head daily for 20 min for 45 days. Patients were assessed using headache impact test (HIT), visual analog scale for pain and cardiac autonomic function by heart rate variability (HRV) before and after intervention period. Results: There was a significant decrease in HIT score, frequency, and intensity of headaches following treatment in both the groups. However, it was more evident in add on hydrotherapy group compared to pharmacological treatment alone group. There was also significant improvement in the HRV parameters. In particular, there was a significant decrease in heart rate (P = 0.017), increase in high frequency (HF) (P = 0.014) and decrease in low frequency/HF ratio (P = 0.004) in add on hydrotherapy group. Conclusion: Our study shows that add on hydrotherapy enhanced the vagal tone in addition to reducing the frequency and intensity of headaches in migraine patients.
Neurological manifestations of Graves’ disease: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Mangaraj Swayamsidha , Choudhury Arun Kumar , Mohanty Binoy Kumar , Baliarsinha Anoj Kumar 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTGraves’ disease (GD) is characterized by a hyperfunctioning thyroid gland due to stimulation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor by autoantibodies directed against it. Apart from thyrotoxicosis, other clinical manifestations include ophthalmopathy, dermopathy, and rarely acropachy. GD is an organ-specific autoimmune disorder, and hence is associated with various other autoimmune disorders. Myasthenia gravis (MG) is one such disease, which is seen with patients of GD and vice versa. Though the association of GD and myasthenia is known, subtle manifestations of latter can be frequently missed in routine clinical practice. The coexistence of GD and ocular MG poses a significant diagnostic dilemma to treating physicians. The ocular manifestations of myasthenia can be easily missed in case of GD and falsely attributed to thyroid associated ophthalmopathy due to closely mimicking presentations of both. Hence, a high degree of the clinical vigil is necessary in such cases to appreciate their presence. We present a similar case which exemplifies the above said that the clinical challenge in diagnosing coexistent GD and ocular myasthenia.
Remaining unconscious: The burden of traumatic brain injuries in India
Authors: Agrawal Deepak , Singh P. K. , Sinha S. , Gupta D. K. , Satyarthee G. D. , Misra M. C. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Introduction: It is well-known that severe traumatic brain injuries (TBI) have a poor outcome. However, what is not well-known is the outcome for those who survive but remain unconscious at the time of discharge from the hospital. Aims and Objectives: To assess the outcome of severe TBI patients who have a motor response of M5 or lower on the Glasgow coma score (GCS) at discharge from a single centre in India. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study carried at one trauma centre in India, a prospectively maintained neurotrauma registry was queried from May 2010 to February 2013 for patients who had severe traumatic brain injury (GCS ≤ 8) at admission and had a motor response of M5 or lower on the GCS at discharge. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed, and outcome Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) assessed at 6 months using a telephonic questionnaire. Observations and Results: There were a total of 1525 patients with severe TBI in the study period. Of these 166 (10.9%) were unconscious (motor response M5 or lower on the GCS) at discharge from the hospital. 139 were males and 27 females with a mean age of 33.9 years. After a mean hospital stay of 24.31 days, the discharge motor score was M5 in 32 (19.3%), M4 in 44 (26.5%), M3 in 59 (35.5%), M2 in 44 (26.5%), and M1 in 9 (5.4%). Telephonic follow-up was available in 102 (61.4%) of the patients. 54 (52.9%) patients had died and 32 (31.4%) remained unconscious (vegetative) at 6 months. Only 16 patients (15.7%) had a good outcome (GOS 1–2) at 6 months following an injury. Conclusions: This is the only study of its kind on patients who remain unconscious at discharge following severe TBI and reveals that around 50% will die and another 30% remains vegetative at 6 months of discharge. Only a small percentage (15% in our study) will become conscious and partially integrated in the society.
Clinico-etiological profile of childhood stroke in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Patra Chaitali , Sarkar Shatanik , Guha Debasree , Dasgupta Malay K. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACT
Background: The clinical pattern and etiology of stroke may vary over time or with geographical location. In Asian countries, specific etiology and outcome of childhood stroke have been rarely reported. Objective: To determine the clinical and etiological pattern of childhood stroke and their outcome in a Tertiary Care Center. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Kolkata over a period of 3 years. All children from 6 months to 12 years, diagnosed as childhood stroke by radio-imaging were included in our study. Children presenting with paraplegia/paraparesis were excluded. Etiologies were determined on the basis of clinical examination, related blood investigations and radio-imaging findings. Data gathered from the stroke patients were entered into a preformed proforma and appropriate statistical analyses were done. Result: Most commonly found clinical presentation was hemiparesis (70.6%). Next in place was a seizure (61.8%) and alteration of consciousness (58.8%). The most common etiology of childhood stroke in our hospital was found to be an intracranial infection (41.2%), followed by vascular etiology. Stroke was ischemic in nature in 91.2% of cases. Among the clinical features, vomiting, alteration of sensorium, and fever were significantly (P < 0.01) more in infectious cases of stroke, but hemiparesis was significantly (P < 0.05) more common in noninfectious etiology. Most of the cases of noninfectious etiology (95%) completely recovered without any persistent neurodeficit or mortality. Conclusion: Intracranial infection is the commonest etiology of stroke in pediatric patients presenting at our hospital. Commonest type is an ischemic stroke. The most of the patients completely recovered from the acute neurological insult after proper and timely management.