bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunable multicolor and white‐light upconversion luminescence in Yb3+/Tm3+/Ho3+ tri‐doped NaYF4 micro‐crystals
Authors: Lin Hao , Xu Dekang , Teng Dongdong , Yang Shenghong , Zhang Yueli 
Published: November 2014

AbstractNaYF4 micro‐crystals with various concentrations of Yb3+/Tm3+/Ho3+ were prepared successfully via a simple and reproducible hydrothermal route using EDTA as the chelating agent. Their phase structure and surface morphology were studied using powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD patterns revealed that all the samples were pure hexagonal phase NaYF4. SEM images showed that Yb3+/Tm3+/Ho3+ tri‐doped NaYF4 were hexagonal micro‐prisms. Upconversion photoluminescence spectra of Yb3+/Tm3+/Ho3+ tri‐doped NaYF4 micro‐crystals with various dopant concentrations under 980 nm excitation with a 665 mW pump power were studied. Tunable multicolor (purple, purplish blue, yellowish green, green) and white light were achieved by simply adjusting the Ho3+ concentration in 20%Yb3+/1%Tm3+/xHo3+ tri‐doped NaYF4 micro‐crystals. Furthermore, white‐light emissions could be obtained using different pump powers in 20%Yb3+/1%Tm3+/1%Ho3+ tri‐doped NaYF4 micro‐crystals at 980 nm excitation. The pump power‐dependent intensity relationship was studied and relevant energy transfer processes were discussed in detail. The results suggest that Yb3+/Tm3+/Ho3+ tri‐doped NaYF4 micro‐crystals have potential applications in optoelectronic devices such as photovoltaic, plasma display panel and white‐light‐emitting diodes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Primary cutaneous tuberculosis in a 27‐year‐old medical intern from needle‐stick injury: a case report
Authors: Karoney Mercy Jelagat , Kaumbuki Erastus Kanake , Koech Mathew Kiptonui , Lelei Lectary Kibor 
Published: November 2014

Key Clinical MessageThe authors report a case of cutaneous tuberculosis in a 27‐year‐old African male medical intern who contracted primary cutaneous from a needle‐stick injury. Cultures of pus aspirated from the finger initially grew Staphylococcus aureus that led to a delay in the diagnosis.
Prenatal diagnosis of pyriform sinus fistula: case report and literature review
Authors: Kakogawa Jun , Nako Takafumi , Igarashi Suguru , Nakamura Shin , Tanaka Mamoru 
Published: November 2014

Key Clinical MessageWe describe a case of prenatal diagnosis of a pharyngeal cyst as a pyriform sinus fistula on the findings of ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging.
Enhancing Activity for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction: The Beneficial Interaction of Gold with Manganese and Cobalt Oxides
Authors: Frydendal Rasmus , Busch Michael , Halck Niels B. , Paoli Elisa A. , Krtil Petr , Chorkendorff Ib , Rossmeisl Jan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractElectrochemical production of hydrogen, facilitated in electrolyzers, holds great promise for energy storage and solar fuel production. A bottleneck in the process is the catalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction, involving the transfer of four electrons. The challenge is that the binding energies of all reaction intermediates cannot be optimized individually. However, experimental investigations have shown that drastic improvements can be realized for manganese and cobalt‐based oxides if gold is added to the surface or used as substrate. We propose an explanation for these enhancements based on a hydrogen acceptor concept. This concept comprises a stabilization of an *OOH intermediate, which effectively lowers the potential needed for breaking bonds to the surface. On this basis, we investigate the interactions between the oxides and gold by using DFT calculations. The results suggest that the oxygen evolution reaction overpotential decreases by 100–300 mV for manganese oxides and 100 mV for cobalt oxides.
Functional Binding Surface of a β‐Hairpin VEGF Receptor Targeting Peptide Determined by NMR Spectroscopy in Living Cells
Authors: Diana Donatella , Russomanno Anna , De Rosa Lucia , Di Stasi Rossella , Capasso Domenica , Di Gaetano Sonia , Romanelli Alessandra , Russo Luigi , D'Andrea Luca D. , Fattorusso Roberto 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn this study, the functional interaction of HPLW peptide with VEGFR2 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2) was determined by using fast 15N‐edited NMR spectroscopic experiments. To this aim, 15N uniformly labelled HPLW has been added to Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cells. The acquisition of isotope‐edited NMR spectroscopic experiments, including 15N relaxation measurements, allowed a precise characterization of the in‐cell HPLW epitope recognized by VEGFR2.
Increased thyroid cancer incidence corresponds to increased use of thyroid ultrasound and fine‐needle aspiration: A study of the Veterans Affairs health care system
Authors: Zevallos Jose P. , Hartman Christine M. , Kramer Jennifer R. , Sturgis Erich M. , Chiao Elizabeth Y. 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDThyroid cancer incidence has increased in the last several decades and may represent either a true increase in the number of cases or increased screening. The objective of this study was to examine thyroid cancer incidence and the use of thyroid ultrasound and fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) screening in the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system. The authors hypothesized that the incidence of thyroid cancer would correspond to increases in the use of these diagnostic modalities.METHODSThis was a multiyear, cross‐sectional study using VA administrative data from 2000 to 2012. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify trends in thyroid cancer incidence and the use of thyroid ultrasound and FNA.RESULTSAn increase in thyroid cancer incidence occurred from 10.3 per 100,000 individuals in 2000 to 21.5 per 100,000 individuals in 2012. The rate of thyroid ultrasound use increased from 125.6 per 100,000 individuals in 2001 to 572.1 per 100,000 individuals in 2012, and the rate of thyroid FNA use increased from 7.0 per 100,000 individuals in 2000 to 46.2 per 100,000 individuals in 2012. A statistically significant increase in thyroid cancer incidence between 2000 and 2008 (annual percent change [APC], 3.81; P < .05) was followed by a more pronounced increase between 2008 and 2012 (APC, 10.32; P < .05). A simultaneous increase in the use of thyroid ultrasound occurred between 2002 and 2012 (APC, 15.48; P < .05) and the use of thyroid FNA between 2000 and 2012 (APC, 18.36; P < .05).CONCLUSIONSAlthough the incidence of thyroid cancer doubled, a nearly 5‐fold increase in the use of thyroid ultrasound and a nearly 7‐fold increase in the use of thyroid FNA occurred between 2000 and 2012. These findings suggest that the increase in thyroid cancer incidence may be related to increases in the use of thyroid ultrasound and FNA. Cancer 2015;121:741–746. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Critical evaluation of the scientific content in clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Abdelsattar Zaid M. , Reames Bradley N. , Regenbogen Scott E. , Hendren Samantha , Wong Sandra L. 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDIncreasing pressures to provide high‐quality evidence‐based cancer care have driven the rapid proliferation of clinical practice guidelines (CPGs). The quality and validity of CPGs have been questioned, and adherence to guidelines is relatively low. The purpose of this study was to critically evaluate the development process and scientific content of CPGs.METHODSCPGs addressing management of rectal cancer were evaluated. We quantitatively assessed guideline quality with the validated Appraisal of Guidelines Research & Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument. We identified 21 independent processes of care using the nominal group technique. We then compared the evidence base and scientific agreement for the management recommendations for these processes of care.RESULTSThe quality and content of rectal cancer CPGs varied widely. Mean overall AGREE II scores ranged from 27% to 90%. Across the 5 CPGs, average scores were highest for the clarity of presentation domain (85%; range, 58% to 99%) and lowest for the applicability domain (21%; range, 8% to 56%). Randomized controlled trials represented a small proportion of citations (median, 18%; range, 13%‐35%), 78% of the recommendations were based on low‐ or moderate‐quality evidence, and the CPGs only had 11 references in common with the highest‐rated CPG. There were conflicting recommendations for 13 of the 21 care processes assessed (62%).CONCLUSIONSThere is significant variation in CPG development processes and scientific content. With conflicting recommendations between CPGs, there is no reliable resource to guide high‐quality evidence‐based cancer care. The quality and consistency of CPGs are in need of improvement. Cancer 2015;121:783–789. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
The rise in metastasectomy across cancer types over the past decade
Authors: Bartlett Edmund K. , Simmons Kristina D. , Wachtel Heather , Roses Robert E. , Fraker Douglas L. , Kelz Rachel R. , Karakousis Giorgos C. 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDAlthough studies of metastasectomy have been limited primarily to institutional experiences, reports of favorable long‐term outcomes have generated increasing interest. In the current study, the authors attempted to define the national practice patterns in metastasectomy for 4 common malignancies with varying responsiveness to systemic therapy.METHODSThe National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample was used to estimate the national incidence of metastasectomy for colorectal cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma from 2000 through 2011. Incidence‐adjusted rates were determined for liver, lung, brain, small bowel, and adrenal metastasectomies. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) in metastasectomy by cancer type was calculated using joinpoint regression.RESULTSColorectal cancer was the most common indication for metastasectomy (87,407 cases; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 86,307‐88,507 cases) followed by lung cancer (58,245 cases; 95% CI, 57,453‐59,036 cases), breast cancer (26,271 cases; 95% CI, 25,672‐26,870 cases), and melanoma (20,298 cases; 95% CI, 19,897‐20,699 cases). Metastasectomy increased significantly for all cancer types over the study period: colorectal cancer (AAPC, 6.83; 95% CI, 5.7‐7.9), lung cancer (AAPC, 5.8; 95% CI, 5.1‐6.4), breast cancer (AAPC, 5.5; 95% CI, 3.7‐7.3), and melanoma (AAPC, 4.03; 95% CI, 2.1‐6.0). Despite an increasing number of comorbidities in patients undergoing metastasectomy (P<.05 for each cancer type), inpatient mortality rates after metastasectomy fell for all cancer types, most significantly for colorectal (AAPC, −5.49; 95% CI, −8.2 to −2.7) and lung (AAPC, −6.2; 95% CI, −11.7 to −0.3) cancers. The increasing performance of metastasectomy was largely driven by high‐volume institutions, in which patients had a lower mean number of comorbidities (P<.01 for all cancer types) and lower inpatient mortality (P<.01 for all cancers except melanoma).CONCLUSIONSFrom 2000 through 2011, the performance of metastasectomy increased substantially across common cancer types, notwithstanding various advances in systemic therapies. Metastasectomy was performed more safely, despite increasing patient comorbidity. High‐volume institutions appeared to drive practice patterns. Cancer 2015;121:747–757. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Conformational Transformations of Sulfur‐Containing Rings: 2‐Methyltetrahydrothiophene Gas‐Phase Structures
Authors: Van Vinh , Dindic Christina , Nguyen Ha Vinh Lam , Stahl Wolfgang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractStable conformations of five‐member rings with the prototype cyclopentane are well‐known to exist as twist or envelope structures and are of general interest in chemistry. Here, we report on the conformational analysis of the sulfur‐containing ring 2‐methyltetrahydrothiophene studied by a combination of molecular beam Fourier transform microwave (MB‐FTMW) spectroscopy and quantum chemistry. Two twist conformers were observed, whereby highly accurate molecular parameters could be determined. In addition, the 34S‐isotopologue of the most stable conformer was assigned in natural abundances. Geometry optimizations were performed at different levels of theory and the calculated rotational constants were compared with experimental values. Two transition states optimized at the MP2/6‐311++G(d,p) level using the Berny algorithm could illustrate the intramolecular conversion between both conformers.
Differential space–time network coding in MIMO two‐way relay channel network
Authors: Jin Xiaoping , Han Xinqiang , Jin Ning , Li Youming , Li Zhengquan , Wang Xiuming 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThis paper focuses on noncoherent detection scheme for multiple‐input multiple‐output two‐way relay channel network with two two‐antennas source nodes and one single‐antenna relay node. An orthogonal differential space–time network coding (ODSTNC) scheme based on relay detection and forward protocol is proposed. The proposed scheme combines space–time coding with network coding, and the differential modulation and detection are used in both multiple access stage and broadcast stage. The multiple‐symbol differential detection is employed at the relay. The maximum likelihood decision and its low‐complexity sphere decoding decision are given. The upper and lower bounds on the average symbol error probability for this system under differential binary phase shift keying (DBPSK) are derived, and a diversity order of 2 is confirmed to be achieved. The simulation results show that the ODSTNC scheme has good performance, and it is available for the applications of far distance signal transmission between two terminals where channel state information is unknown. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insulin‐like genes in ascidians: Findings in Ciona and hypotheses on the evolutionary origins of the pancreas
Authors: Thompson Jordan M. , Di Gregorio Anna 
Published: November 2014

AbstractInsulin plays an extensively characterized role in the control of sugar metabolism, growth and homeostasis in a wide range of organisms. In vertebrate chordates, insulin is mainly produced by the beta cells of the endocrine pancreas, while in non‐chordate animals insulin‐producing cells are mainly found in the nervous system and/or scattered along the digestive tract. However, recent studies have indicated the notochord, the defining feature of the chordate phylum, as an additional site of expression of insulin‐like peptides. Here we show that two of the three insulin‐like genes identified in Ciona intestinalis, an invertebrate chordate with a dual life cycle, are first expressed in the developing notochord during embryogenesis and transition to distinct areas of the adult digestive tract after metamorphosis. In addition, we present data suggesting that the transcription factor Ciona Brachyury is involved in the control of notochord expression of at least one of these genes, Ciona insulin‐like 2. Finally, we review the information currently available on insulin‐producing cells in ascidians and on pancreas‐related transcription factors that might control their expression. genesis 53:82–104, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Off‐target assessment of CRISPR‐Cas9 guiding RNAs in human iPS and mouse ES cells
Authors: Tan E‐Pien , Li Yilong , Del Castillo Velasco‐Herrera Martin , Yusa Kosuke , Bradley Allan 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe CRISPR‐Cas9 system consists of a site‐specific, targetable DNA nuclease that holds great potential in gene editing and genome‐wide screening applications. To apply the CRISPR‐Cas9 system to these assays successfully, the rate at which Cas9 induces DNA breaks at undesired loci must be understood. We characterized the rate of Cas9 off‐target activity in typical Cas9 experiments in two human and one mouse cell lines. We analyzed the Cas9 cutting activity of 12 gRNAs in both their targeted sites and ∼90 predicted off‐target sites per gRNA. In a Cas9‐based knockout experiment, gRNAs induced detectable Cas9 cutting activity in all on‐target sites and in only a few off‐target sites genome‐wide in human 293FT, human‐induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells, and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Both the cutting rates and DNA repair patterns were highly correlated between the two human cell lines in both on‐target and off‐target sites. In clonal Cas9 cutting analysis in mouse ES cells, biallelic Cas9 cutting was observed with low off‐target activity. Our results show that off‐target activity of Cas9 is low and predictable by the degree of sequence identity between the gRNA and a potential off‐target site. Off‐target Cas9 activity can be minimized by selecting gRNAs with few off‐target sites of near complementarity. genesis 53:225–236, 2015. © 2014 The Authors. Genesis Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nitrogen‐Rich Energetic Salts of Bis‐Heterocycle‐Substituted 1,2,3‐Triazole (HTANFT)
Authors: Bian Chengming , Wang Kai , Liang Lixuan , Zhang Man , Li Chuan , Zhou Zhiming 
Published: November 2014

AbstractEnergetic salts based on bis‐heterocycle‐substituted 1,2,3‐triazole (HTANFT) were synthesized and characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The crystal structure of neutral HTANFT (4) was confirmed through single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The density of 4 and its salts ranged from 1.60 to 1.83 g cm–3, their nitrogen contents ranged from 56.4 to 65.2 % and their decomposition temperatures ranged between 187 and 236 °C. The determined sensitivities towards impact, friction and electrostatic discharge suggest that all salts are much less sensitive than 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazinane (RDX). Moreover, the detonation pressures and velocities were calculated to be 24.6 to 32.9 GPa and 7956 to 8757 m s–1, respectively. Therefore salts 9, 11 and 12 are potential alternatives to RDX in explosive applications.
Na2(smbipy) – A Bipyridine‐Derived Ligand with Chelating Sulfonate Tags and Its 3d Metal Complexes
Authors: Oelkers Benjamin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe sulfonated bipyridine derivative disodium 6,6′‐bis(sulfonatomethyl)‐2,2′‐bipyridine [Na2(smbipy)] was synthesized, and its complexation behaviour towards divalent 3d metals in aqueous solution was explored. The complexes of late 3d metals [M(smbipy)(H2O)2]·H2O (M = Co, Ni, Zn) and [Cu(smbipy)(H2O)] are sparingly soluble in water, and their crystal structures show fourfold equatorial coordination (κ4N,N′,O,O′) of the smbipy ligand. Ammonia‐rich solutions of the NiII and CuII aqua complexes yield the decomplexation products [Ni(NH3)6](smbipy), [Ni(NH3)5(H2O)](smbipy) and [Cu(NH3)4](smbipy)·2H2O. Buffered solutions with a reduced ammonia content lead to [Ni(smbipy)(NH3)2] and [Cu(smbipy)(NH3)3]·2H2O, and the latter shows twofold coordination of the smbipy ligand through the nitrogen atoms only (κ2N,N′). When nearly quantitative amounts of ammonia are applied, two closely related complexes with the core motif [(smbipy)Cu(μ‐OH)2Cu] form. Crystal structures of all complexes were obtained, and their features are discussed.
Coordination Behavior and Reactivity of α‐Heterosubstituted Trimethylsilylalkynes at Titano‐ and Zirconocene
Authors: Altenburger Kai , Baumann Wolfgang , Spannenberg Anke , Arndt Perdita , Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe coordination behavior of the α‐donor‐atom‐substituted (trimethylsilyl)alkynes OC4H8N–C≡C–SiMe3 (2), EtO–C≡C–SiMe3 (3), and Me2P–C≡C–SiMe3 (4) towards group 4 metallocene generators [Cp2Ti(η2‐btmsa)] (1a), [Cp2Zr(py)(η2‐btmsa)] (1b), and [Cp*2Ti(η2‐btmsa)] (1c) [Cp = η5‐cyclopentadienyl; btmsa = bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene; py = pyridine; Cp* = η5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl] was investigated. By using 1a and 1b, metallacyclopropenes were obtained for alkyne 2, a titanacyclopentadiene for alkyne 3, and dimeric‐stabilized metallacyclopropenes for alkyne 4. Employing the sterically demanding metallocene 1c resulted in monomeric metallacyclopropenes for alkynes 3 and 4. The reactivity of the obtained complexes towards CO2 and acetone was explored as well, thus leading to regioselective formation of metallafuranones and metalladihydrofurans.
Stereoselective Synthesis of C‐2‐Methylene and C‐2‐Methyl α‐ and β‐C‐Glycosides from 2‐C‐Branched Glycals: Formal Total Synthesis of (–)‐Brevisamide
Authors: Sudharani Chalapala , Venukumar Patteti , Sridhar Perali Ramu 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe stereoselective synthesis of deoxy C‐glycoside derivatives that have a methylene or methyl group at C‐2 position was investigated by employing the Claisen rearrangement of 2‐vinyloxy methyldeoxy‐glycals as the synthetic precursors. The method proceeded with high diastereoselectivity to afford C‐2‐methylene α‐C‐glycosides. Complementary to this protocol, a ZnII‐mediated anomerization of the α‐C‐glycosides to give the corresponding β‐C‐glycosides was also used to obtain diastereomerically pure C‐2‐methylene β‐C‐glycosides. The generality of the reaction was fully evaluated, and the developed method was successfully applied to the formal stereoselective total synthesis of (–)‐brevisamide, a monocyclic ether alkaloid that was isolated from Karenia brevis (red tide dinoflagellate).
Electrodeposition of Cobalt Oxide Nanostructure on the Glassy Carbon Electrode for Electrocatalytic Determination of para‐Nitrophenol
Authors: Noorbakhsh Abdollah , Mirkalaei Mohsen Mosavi , Yousefi Mohammad H. , Manochehri Sohrab 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCobalt oxide nanostructure (CoOxNS) deposited on the glassy carbon (GC) electrode surface is proposed as a novel electrocatalytic system for the reduction of para‐Nitrophenol. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for characterization of deposited CoOxNS. CoOxNS deposited by cycling at positive potentials (0 to +1.3 V) show less charge‐transfer resistance (Rct) and more catalytic activity for the electroreduction of p‐nitrophenol compared to those CoOxNS obtained by scanning the applied potential throughout a negative V range. The GC/CoOxNS electrode showed good electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of p‐nitrophenol at different pH values.
Temperament‐based Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Kaye Walter H. , Wierenga Christina E. , Knatz Stephanie , Liang June , Boutelle Kerri , Hill Laura , Eisler Ivan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAnorexia nervosa (AN) tends to be a chronic and deadly disorder with no proven treatments that reverse core symptoms in adults. New insight into neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to symptoms may support development of more effective interventions. We describe the development of a temperament‐based treatment for AN on the basis of empirically supported models. It uses a systemized approach and takes into consideration an understanding of how neurobiological mechanisms are expressed through behaviour and personality and contribute to specific AN symptomatology. This model integrates the development of AN‐focused constructive coping strategies with carer‐focused strategies to manage temperament traits that contribute to AN symptomatology. This intervention is consistent with the recent Novel Interventions for Mental Disorders initiative mandating that treatment trials follow an experimental medicine approach by identifying underlying mechanisms that are directly targeted by the intervention to influence symptoms. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.