bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Updated records and range expansion of alien marine macrophytes in Greece (2009)
Authors: TSIAMIS K. , MONTESANTO B. , PANAYOTIDIS P. , KATSAROS C. , VERLAQUE M. 
Published: May 2013

In the present study the list of alien marine macrophytes already recorded on Greek coasts has been revised in the light of recent studies and new observations. In comparison to 2008, the total number consists of 32 taxa, and the classification as established, casual and debatable species has been modified, with a total of 14, 5 and 13 species respectively. An interesting increase in established species from 9 taxa in 2008 to 14 taxa in 2009 is noted. With 23 taxa listed, Rhodobionta is the best represented group, followed by Chlorobionta (4 taxa) and Chromobionta (4 taxa), while seagrasses (Streptobionta) are represented by only one species. Several new records, one new entry and two putative additions are considered here, while two other taxa previously assumed introduced are excluded from the list of aliens.
Sipunculan Fauna in the Fethiye-Gφηek Specially Protected Area (Turkey, Eastern Mediterranean)
Authors: ACIK S. 
Published: May 2013

This study deals with sipunculan species collected from 0 to 31 m depths at 83 stations in the Fethiye-Göçek Specially Protected Area (Turkey). A total of 7 species and 1397 individuals belonging to four families were encountered. Among the species, Nephasoma (Nephasoma) rimicola is new to the eastern Mediterranean fauna and 5 species are new to the marine fauna of the southern coast of Turkey. Phascolosoma (Phascolosoma) stephensoni has the highest dominance and frequency index values in the area. Aspidosiphon (Aspidosiphon) elegans and Apionsoma (Apionsoma) misakianum are alien species. Of the biotopes examined, Posidonia oceanica was characterized by the highest number of species (6 species). In the present study, brief descriptions of the species, and their distributional and ecological characteristics are given and discussed.
O potrzebie monografii (użycia) IPA
Authors: Rybka Piotr 
Published: May 2013

On the need of a monograph on (the use of) IPA
The article provides the rationale for a forthcoming monograph on the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet. The study presents the arguments in the form of questions, and answers them at length. The questions fall into three groups: phonetic, graphical and practical issues. From the last category, the problem of selecting an appropriate font and a way to conveniently use it can be mentioned. The phonetic issues that need to be explained in the context of an international transcription include: transcription of Polish sounds normally described as prepalatal, dental, and alveolar, as well as the value of phonation, and alaryngeal speech symbols. Graphic problems include such issues as: means of transcribing archiphonemes, asynchronous and polysegmental articulations, lowered variants of Polish phonemes /m/ and /n/, and others. The paper also mentions typographical matters, such as italic variants of phonetic symbols and small capitals. The article concludes with an overview of the possible audience of the planned monograph, and an enumeration of reasons for a compilation of a study containing answers to the above-mentioned questions.
„Człowiekiem się rodzę, osobą się staję”. Relacje semantyczne między leksemami osoba i człowiek we współczesnej polszczyźnie
Authors: Kostrzewa Dorota 
Published: May 2013

“Człowiekiem się rodzę, osobą się staję” ‘I am born a man and become a person’. Semantic relations between the lexemes osoba ‘person’ and człowiek ‘man’ in modern Polish
The paper attempts to determine the scope of realization of two synonymous words in modern Polish: człowiek/ludzie ‘man/people’, and osoba/osoby ‘person/persons’. A semantic analysis of the two has been conducted based on lexicographic sources and corpus texts, and led to the conclusion that no hierarchy exists in the semantic relation between them. Due to its stylistic neutrality, accommodation requirements, and deviation of reference towards the feminine gender, the understanding of the lexeme osoba ‘person’ complements the semantic field of the word człowiek ‘man’, which is marked for all aspects and directed towards description of representatives of the masculine gender. Moreover, having no stylistic connotations, the lexeme osoba ‘person’ is very frequent in journalistic texts, much more so than the noun człowiek ‘man’.
Nieuświadamiane archaizmy w polskich związkach frazeologicznych
Authors: Piela Agnieszka 
Published: May 2013

Hidden archaisms within Polish phraseological units
The fact that a language is a strongly conservative creation, lingering behind the extra-linguistic reality, is clearly visible from the still-existing phraseological units containing an archaic word. However, not all the phraseological units with an archaic lexeme are contemporarily treated as units containing an old, fossilized word. We notice that, according to some language users, some of the above-mentioned units seem to have been quite recent creations of Polish language, e.g.: mówić, powiedzieć itp. coś bez ogródek; być, pojawić się, znaleźć się na tapecie; bez pardonu; czyjaś noga nie postanie, nie postała gdzieś; mówić, odpowiadać, pytać z przekąsem; nie dziwota; wziąć, brać kogoś na spytki; świątek (i) piątek. There are a few reasons why these archaic components take on an „un-archaic” character in the given phraseological units such as: motivational transitions, the placement of isolated language units within word formation nests, the process of identifying them with a newly-created word formations. Through such mechanisms the boundary between what is obsolate and contemporary within a language is becoming very vague. This is the way how history melts with the present time.
Uwagi o jarmułce
Authors: Stachowski Marek 
Published: May 2013

Notes on Polish jarmułka ‘Jewish skullcap’
Polish jarmułka ‘Jewish skullcap’ is generally considered to be an old Turkish loanword. In Bohdan A. Struminsky’s 1987 article this etymology is contested and replaced with a Latin one. However, Struminsky failed to present convincing arguments against the Turkish origin of the Polish word and his Latin explanation does not seem absolutely perfect either. This article critically examines Struminsky’s study and provides specific arguments against the Turkish trail. The etymology and the evolution of both the guise and the meanings of Polish jarmułka appear to be more complicated than previously thought; thus, the present article should be looked on as picking up an interrupted discussion and, in addition, an invitation to reexamination of the Latin etymology and the semantic aspects of all explanations suggested so far.
Stereotypy etniczne w różnych językach – narodowe? Międzynarodowe? Uniwersalne?
Authors: Tyrpa Anna 
Published: May 2013

Ethnic stereotypes in different languages: national? international? universal?
The paper discusses ethnic stereotypes petrified in different languages and referring to other nations. According to some researchers, in the lexis and phraseology of a given language, certain units can be distinguished which are only limited to this language. The article collects several examples from which it comes to light that when wider material is considered (including the history of a language, dialects and jargons), some lexemes and phrasemes are found to be present not in one, but in many languages. Analysis of numerous ethnic stereotypes in different languages reveals that transnational semantic patterns exist which are realized independently of linguistic affinity, e.g. in Indo-European as well as in Finno-Ugric languages. These patterns (models) contain slots for specific ethnonyms; how they are filled depends on extra-linguistic factors: historical experience, geographical neighbourhood, mutual friendly or hostile relations. The existence of petrified references to other nations in each language appears to be a universal feature. Specific realization of general semantic models is only partially studied.
Profesor Teresa Orłoś – wybitna polska bohemistka
Authors: Labocha Janina 
Published: May 2013

Professor Teresa Orłoś – an outstanding Polish bohemist
Professor Teresa Orłoś, an outstanding Polish bohemist, has authored numerous works on the history of the Czech language, and historical and contemporary lexicology and lexicography. Beside linguistic problems in Czech philology, she has strongly emphasized the need of study and the characteristic of mutual Czech-Polish and Polish-Czech contacts. She has demonstrated the Czech influence on mediaeval and 16th c. Polish, but also the importance of Polish for the Czech language when it was recovering in the 19th c. from a serious decline. Professor Orłoś passed away in 2009. The contemporary part of her research is mainly represented by her phraseological works and rich lexicographic activities, conducted together with the linguistic team she led.
Early Healing of Hydroxyapatite‐Coated Implants in Grafted Bone of Zoledronic Acid–Treated Osteoporotic Rabbits
Authors: Li Jian‐Ping , Li Peng , Hu Jing , Dong Wei , Liao Nan‐Nan , Qi Meng‐Chun , Li Jin‐Yuan 
Published: May 2013

Background:Resorption of grafted bone and delayed osseointegration of implants are main problems associated with alveolar bone augmentation in dental implantology, especially for patients with osteoporosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the early healing response of implants to systemic treatment of zoledronic acid (ZA) in autogenous grafted iliac bone of osteoporotic rabbits.Methods:Ovariectomy (OVX) or sham operation was performed in 46 rabbits, and osteoporotic changes were verified in animals receiving OVX 3 months later. The remaining animals were divided into three groups (n = 12): sham, OVX, and OVX with ZA treatment (ZA group). Autogenous iliac bone grafting was performed in bilateral tibiae, and hydroxyapatite‐coated titanium implants were simultaneously placed into the grafted bone. The animals were sacrificed 2 and 8 weeks later for examination.Results:At both time points, systemic treatment of ZA efficiently promoted bone healing of implants in grafted bone, and all histologic and microcomputed tomography bone indices, including mineralized bone volume, implant–bone contact ratio, connectivity density, trabecular thickness, and trabecular number, were significantly increased in the ZA group compared with the OVX‐only group (P<0.01); implant–bone contact rates in the ZA group were even restored to levels similar to those of sham‐operated animals (P>0.05). Furthermore, biomechanical testing demonstrated that removal torque of implants was significantly increased in the ZA group compared with the OVX group (P<0.01).Conclusion:Systemic treatment with ZA could efficiently promote early bone healing of implants in autogenous grafted bone of osteoporotic rabbits by increasing early osseointegration and fixation of implants.
Quantitative Analysis of Interdental Gingiva in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis and Transforming Growth Factor‐β1 29C/T Gene Polymorphisms
Authors: Heidari Zahra , Mahmoudzadeh‐Sagheb Hamidreza , Hashemi Mohammad , Rigi‐Ladiz Mohammad Ayub 
Published: May 2013

Background: The association of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 29C/T gene polymorphisms with level of tissue breakdown and periodontal disease progression is not clear. In this study, quantitative parameters of interdental papilla are investigated in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and TGF‐β1 29C/T gene polymorphisms.Methods: Sixty gingiva samples were included. After determination of TGF‐β1 29C/T gene polymorphisms using tetra‐primer amplification refractory mutation system/polymerase chain reaction (T‐ARMS‐PCR), 15 gingival tissue samples from patients with CP in each genotype (TT, TC, and CC) were considered as case groups. Fifteen control samples were also collected from healthy individuals. After tissue processing, interdental gingiva tissues were exhaustively sectioned into 4‐μm‐thick sections. Ten to 13 sections were sampled by systematic uniform random sampling and stained with Masson trichrome, and the volume density (Vv) of the gingival components was estimated using Cavalieri estimation.Results: Statistically significant differences were found in Vv of epithelium, connective tissue, collagenous and non‐collagenous matrix, and blood vessels between control and CP groups (P <0.0001). There was a corresponding decrease in the collagenous matrix Vv in patients with the TT genotype compared with those with CT and CC genotypes. Collagenous matrix and blood vessel Vv values were statistically correlated with the number of T alleles (r = −0.74, r2 = 54.8%, P = 0.0001 and r = 0.84, r2 = 70.6%, P = 0.0001, respectively).Conclusion: This study shows that there is a strong association between TGF‐β1 29C/T gene polymorphisms and quantitative parameters of interdental papilla in patients with CP.
Distinctive Tooth‐Extraction Socket Healing: Bisphosphonate Versus Parathyroid Hormone Therapy
Authors: Kuroshima Shinichiro , Mecano Rodan B. , Tanoue Ryuichiro , Koi Kiyono , Yamashita Junro 
Published: May 2013

Background: Patients with osteoporosis who receive tooth extractions are typically on either oral bisphosphonate or parathyroid hormone (PTH) therapy. Currently, the consequence of these therapies on hard‐ and soft‐tissue healing in the oral cavity is not clearly defined. The aim of this study is to determine the differences in the therapeutic effect on tooth‐extraction wound healing between bisphosphonate and PTH therapies.Methods: Maxillary second molars were extracted in Sprague Dawley rats (n = 30), and either bisphosphonate (zoledronate [Zol]), PTH, or saline (vehicle control [VC]) was administered for 10 days (n = 10 per group). Hard‐tissue healing was evaluated by microcomputed tomography and histomorphometric analyses. Collagen, blood vessels, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cathepsin K expression were assessed in soft tissue using immunohistochemistry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting.Results: Both therapies significantly increased bone fill and suppressed vertical bone loss. However, considerably more devital bone was observed in the sockets of rats on Zol versus VC. Although Zol increased the numbers of blood vessels, the total blood vessel area in soft tissue was significantly smaller than in VC. PTH therapy increased osteoblastic bone formation and suppressed osteoclasts. PTH therapy promoted soft‐tissue maturation by suppressing inflammation and stimulating collagen deposition.Conclusion: Zoledronate therapy deters whereas PTH therapy promotes hard‐ and soft‐tissue healing in the oral cavity, and both therapies prevent vertical bone loss.
Mandatory Arbitration within Tax Treaties: A Need for a Coherent International Standard
Authors: Bertolini Michelle , Weaver Pamela 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACT
As businesses expand operations globally, the threat of double taxation on income earned becomes a significant concern. The current Mutual Agreement Procedures (MAP) within the tax treaties frequently fail to provide equitable relief, exposing taxpayers to uncertain outcomes, and cause compliance considerations under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 740, Income Taxes. In July 2008, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Model Tax Treaty began including a mandatory arbitration provision for taxpayers failing to reach agreement under MAP. The U.S. Model, while beginning to shift toward including mandatory arbitration in some of the later treaties, still relies on the voluntary MAP proceedings for resolution of disagreements, because any party can elect out of arbitration. Data provided by the U.S. Treasury indicated that a wide range of taxpayer income covered by the U.S. treaties failed to receive partial or full relief from double taxation. The U.S. should consider adopting the OECD Model Tax Treaty's mandatory arbitration provisions for all tax treaties, to remove the uncertainty of double taxation and promote international trade.
L'Éthiopie chrétienne : introduction à une histoire imprégnée de foi et à quelques aspects nouveaux d'une mission œcuménique
Authors: Heitz Lucien 
Published: May 2013

En guise d’introduction au dossier de ce numéro, les rédacteurs de la revue Pentecôte sur le monde , en compagnie de missionnaires spiritains sur le terrain, font toucher du doigt ce que la foi orthodoxe a fait naître en Éthiopie depuis plus de seize siècles : églises, monastères, manuscrits enluminés, innombrables peintures et autres trésors qui sont autant d’expressions d’une foi imprégnant encore la vie de bien des Éthiopiens. Ils expliquent ensuite comment, après Vatican II, les spiritains ont osé les premiers pas d’une mission œcuménique avec l’Église orthodoxe : formation du clergé, première évangélisation et projets de développement, etc.
Differences in Soccer Players' Dynamic Balance Across Levels of Competition
Authors: Butler Robert J. , Southers Corey , Gorman Paul P. , Kiesel Kyle B. , Plisky Phillip J. 
Published: May 2013

Context
Balance ability has been associated with performance and injury prevention in athletes. Few published reports have investigated the differences in dynamic balance abilities among male high school, collegiate, and professional soccer players.

Objective
To examine the differences on the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test in male high school, collegiate, and professional soccer players.

Design
Descriptive laboratory study.

Setting
Field testing.

Patients or Other Participants
Dynamic balance data were collected for male high school (HS; n = 38), collegiate (n = 37), and professional (n = 44) soccer players during preparticipation physical examinations using the Lower Quarter Y Balance Test standardized protocol.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
For the Lower Quarter Y Balance Test, the participant reaches with 1 foot in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions while standing on a centralized stance platform with the other foot. The test is performed for both left and right limbs. Differences in reach distances between competition levels were analyzed using a 1-way analysis of variance with significance set at P &lt; .05. The HS group had a greater anterior reach distance than the other 2 groups. In contrast, the HS group had less reach distance in the posteromedial and posterolateral directions than the other groups. Also, HS players tended to exhibit a lower composite reach score than the other groups, but this difference was not significant (P = .08). No differences were observed among groups for bilateral symmetry in any of the reach directions.

Conclusions
Dynamic balance performance varied with competition level. This may indicate that athletes' movement strategies may be different depending on the competition level and that normative values may need to be established for each competition level.
Kinesio Taping and the Circulation and Endurance Ratio of the Gastrocnemius Muscle
Authors: Stedge Hannah L. , Kroskie Ryan M. , Docherty Carrie L. 
Published: May 2013

Context
Kinesio Tex tape is a therapeutic tape that is applied with the Kinesio-taping (KT) method and is theorized to increase circulation and subsequently improve muscle function. However, little research has been conducted to determine how KT affects performance.

Objective
To determine the effect of KT on muscular endurance ratio, blood flow, circumference, and volume of the gastrocnemius muscle.

Design
Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting
Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Sixty-one healthy, active people (23 men, 38 women; age = 19.99 ± 8.01 years, height = 169.42 ± 23.62 cm, mass = 71.53 ± 36.77 kg) volunteered to participate. They were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 groups: treatment KT, sham KT, and control.

Intervention(s)
Tape was applied based on group assignment. The treatment KT group received the ankle-tape technique as described in the KT manual. The sham KT group received 1 strip of Kinesio Tex tape around the circumference of the proximal gastrocnemius muscle. The control group did not receive tape application.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The dependent variables were blood flow in blood perfusion units, volume of water displacement in milliliters, circumference of the gastrocnemius muscle in centimeters, and endurance ratio in joules measured before, 24 hours after, and 72 hours after the intervention. Separate repeated-measures analyses of variance were conducted for each dependent variable.

Results
We found no group-by-test day interaction for endurance ratios (F4,116 = 1.99, P = .10). Blood flow, circumference, and volume measurements also yielded no differences among groups (F2,58 range, 0.02–0.51; P &gt; .05) or test days (F2,116 range, 0.05–2.33; P &gt; .05).

Conclusions
We found KT does not enhance anaerobic muscle function measured by endurance ratio. The KT also did not affect circulation or volume of the gastrocnemius muscle in a healthy population.
Strength and Jump Biomechanics of Elite and Recreational Female Youth Soccer Players
Authors: Chrisman Sara P. , O'Kane John W. , Polissar Nayak L. , Tencer Allan F. , Mack Christopher D. , Levy Marni R. , Schiff Melissa A. 
Published: May 2013

Context
Most researchers investigating soccer injuries have studied elite athletes because they have greater athletic-exposure hours than other athletes, but most youth participate at the recreational level. If risk factors for injury vary by soccer level, then recommendations generated using research with elite youth soccer players might not generalize to recreational players.

Objective
To examine injury risk factors of strength and jump biomechanics by soccer level in female youth athletes and to determine whether research recommendations based on elite youth athletes could be generalized to recreational players.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
Seattle Youth Soccer Association.

Patients or Other Participants
Female soccer players (N = 92) aged 11 to 14 years were recruited from 4 randomly selected elite (n = 50; age = 12.5 years, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]) = 12.3, 12.8 years; height = 157.8 cm, 95% CI = 155.2, 160.3 cm; mass = 49.9 kg, 95% CI = 47.3, 52.6 kg) and 4 randomly selected recreational (n = 42; age = 13.2 years, 95% CI = 13.0, 13.5 years; height = 161.1 cm, 95% CI = 159.2, 163.1 cm; mass = 50.6 kg, 95% CI = 48.3, 53.0 kg) soccer teams.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Players completed a questionnaire about demographics, history of previous injury, and soccer experience. Physical therapists used dynamometry to measure hip strength (abduction, adduction, extension, flexion) and knee strength (flexion, extension) and Sportsmetrics to measure vertical jump height and jump biomechanics. We compared all measurements by soccer level using linear regression to adjust for age and mass.

Results
Elite players were similar to recreational players in all measures of hip and knee strength, vertical jump height, and normalized knee separation (a valgus estimate generated using Sportsmetrics).

Conclusions
Female elite youth players and recreational players had similar lower extremity strength and jump biomechanics. This suggests that recommendations generated from research with elite youth soccer players could be generalized to recreational players.