bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endotoxic Glycolipid as a Potent Depressor of the Hepatic Drug‐Metabolizing Enzyme Systems in Mice*
Authors: Egawa Kiyoshi , Kasai Nobuhiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInhibitory effects of the endotoxic glycolipid from Salmonella minnesota R595 on hepatic drug‐metabolizing enzyme activities in mice were investigated, and the depressor activity of the glycolipid in the enzyme systems was confirmed. Among degradation products of lipopolysaccharides tested, lipid A preparations derived from the mild acetic acid hydrolysates of lipopolysaccharides were the most active, but the lipid A fractions prepared from the hydrolysates with 1 N‐HCl were almost inactive. A degraded polysaccharide fraction from E. coli lipopolysaccharide was inactive. The activities of the glycolipid and the lipid A preparation were markedly reduced by treatment with alkaline‐hydroxylamine, mild alkali or hydrazine. The data showed that the lipid A moiety of the glycolipid may be responsible for the inhibitory activity on the hepatic drug‐metabolizing enzyme systems.
Hemolytic Activity of a Togavirus, Getah*
Authors: Yoshinaka Yoshiyuki , Okada Shobu , Shiomi Toshiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA purified toga‐alphavirus, Getah (GET), showed optimal hemolytic activity for one‐day‐old chick red blood cells when incubated at 37 C for 120 min at pH 6.2. Experimental data obtained from various angles, such as pH dependency, inhibition by virus‐specific antiserum and by concanavalin A, indicated that the hemolysis was a property of the virus particle itself. Although the mechanism of hemolysis by togaviruses has not been known, our results indicated that viral lipids may participate in this activity since the hemolytic activity was impaired by delipidation procedures.
Biochemical Characterization of H2S‐Positive Salmonella sendai Strains Isolated in Hong Kong
Authors: Chau Pak Yin , Huang Chi To 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe biochemical properties of 8 H2S‐positive variant strains of Salmonella sendai isolated from patients and carriers in Hong Kong were studied. Apart from the production of H2S, all these strains showed typical properties of S. sendai and a dependence on tryptophan. Their capacity to utilize different forms of sulphur sources varied, ranging from being capable of utilizing SO4, SO3, S2O3 and cystein to only cystein as the sulphur source.
UV Survival of Human Mycoplasmas: Evidence of Dark Reactivation in Mycoplasma buccale
Authors: Aoki Shigeji , Ito Shoko , Watanabe Takehiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe inactivation by ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation of mycoplasma cells of five human strains was monitored by investigating the colony‐forming ability. The survival curves of five strains tested indicated that the cells of Mycoplasma buccale only are single and homogenously susceptible to UV light. The effect of the repair inhibitor, caffeine, on the colony‐forming ability of UV‐irradiated cells was investigated with M. buccale because of its homogenous susceptibility to UV light. The colony formation of irradiated cells was markedly depressed by post‐irradiation treatment with caffeine at concentrations that had little or no effect on the colony formation of unirradiated cells. The colony‐forming units (CFU) of UV‐irradiated cells which were kept in broth without caffeine in the dark increased without a lag as the time in the dark increased. The colony‐forming ability of the irradiated cells completely recovered after 3 hr in the dark. However, when irradiated cells were kept in the presence of caffeine, no increase in their CFU was observed. The mode of action of caffeine on UV‐irradiated cells closely resembles that described for other organisms which possess dark reactivation systems for UV‐induced damage in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Thus, the results obtained provide evidence for the existence of a dark repair function in M. buccale.
Effect of Certain Inhibitors of Glycoprotein Synthesis on Cell Fusion Induced by Vesicular Stomatitis Virus
Authors: Takehara Manabu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of certain metabolic inhibitors on the fusion of BHK‐21 cells induced by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was studied. The polykaryocyte formation in infected cells and virus growth were inhibited by 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose and D‐glucosamine. Host‐cell proteins ynthesis was suppressed profoundly in both BHK‐21‐KB and B cells infected with VSV. On the other hand, glycoprotein synthesis was significantly enhanced during the polykaryocyte formation in BHK‐21‐KB cells, while it was suppressed in BHK‐21‐B cells which were not sensitive to cell fusion by VSV.
IgM and IgG Response to Sheep Red Blood Cells in Mouse Hepatitis Virus‐Infected Nude Mice
Authors: Tamura Teruko , Fujiwara KÔSaku 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn nude mice which originally had no ability to respond to sheep red blood cells an enhanced response to the same antigen with IgM‐IgG switching was demonstrated during subacute infection with mouse hepatitis virus. IgM antibody‐producing cells in the spleen were detected at days 2 to 6 after the antigen injection and IgG antibody‐producing cells appeared at day 6 or later. The secondary IgG response, though not remarkable, was recognized after reinjection of the antigen 10 days after the first injection.
Restriction by the Major Histocompatibility Complex of Antigen‐Induced T Lymphocyte Proliferation in New Inbred Guinea Pig Strains
Authors: Kataoka Tetsuro , Tokunaga Tohru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEmploying new inbred guinea pig strains, JY 1, JY 2 and JY 3, established in this Institute in addition to strains 2 and 13, the authors investigated histocompatibility restriction in macrophage‐T lymphocyte interaction. These five strains are known to possess distinct major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene profiles (1, 2). This fact was supported by our results concerning the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) and cytotoxicity test with alloantisera. Using various combinations of T lymphocytes and peritoneal exudated cells (PECs) from these strains, in vitro proliferative responses of T lymphocytes from BCC‐immune animals to PPD‐pulsed normal PEC were tested. Successful activation of T cell response was observed not only in syngeneic combinations but also in allogeneic combinations among strains JY 1, JY 3 and strain 13 which share common Ia antigens detected by strain 2 anti‐strain 13 alloantiserum. Because JY 1 and JY 3 seem to share a common B antigen differing from strain 13, it was suggested that identification in the I region of MHC is sufficient for effective antigen‐presentation by the macrophage. Although a part of Ia is shared, no T lymphocyte activation was observed in the combination between JY 2 and JY 1 or JY 3, whereas strong MLR occurred in these allogeneic combinations. At the present stage of the study, it can be said that disparity in the part(s) of Ia antigens which is responsible for strong MLR cannot lead to effective T cell‐macrophage interaction. These results support the concept that functional activation of primed, proliferating T lymphocyte requires the participation of gene products of macrophages coded for by the I region in MHC. By employing JY 1, JY 2 and strain 2, which appear to possess distinct B and Ia antigens, it was shown that the T lymphocyte and macrophage interactions essential for mitogen‐induced T lymphocyte proliferation are not restricted by histocompatibility.
Effect of Trichloroacetic Acid Treatment on Certain Properties of Spores of Bacillus cereus T
Authors: Shibata Hirofumi , Ughida Michiko , Hayashi Hiroko , Tani Isamu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSpores of Bacillus cereus T treated with trichloroacetic acid (6.1–61.2 mM) were compared with untreated spores, and as the concentration of the chemical increased, the following alterations in spore properties were found: (1) the extent of germination decreased irrespective of the germination medium used; (2) the spores became sensitive to sodium hydroxide (1 N) and hydrochloric acid (0.27 N), but not to lysozyme (200 μg/ml); (3) loss of dipicolinate increased on subsequent heating; and (4) the spores became more sensitive to heat. However, trichloroacetic acid‐treated spores were still viable and there was no significant change in spore components. The mechanism of action of trichloroacetic acid is discussed.
Interferon and Cytotoxic Factor (Cytotoxin) Released in the Blood of Mice Infected with Mycobacterium bovis BCG
Authors: Kato Nobuo , Nakashima Izumi , Ohta Michio , Naito Setsuko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe time course of the occurrence of hyperreactivity in interferon and cytotoxin responses to the active substance (neutral fraction) of the capsular polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae (neutral CPS‐K) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and of the hyperreactivity to their lethal effects was followed after infection with BCG in SMA and ICR strains of mice. The duration of these hyperreactivities of BCG‐infected mice depended on the inoculum doses of BCG. The time patterns of the hyperreactivity to the lethal effects of neutral CPS‐K and LPS were similar in both strains of mice, although the maximum toxicity of LPS by the intraperitoneal route in BCG‐infected mice on a weight basis was stronger than that of neutral CPS‐K. Irrespective of inducer and mouse strain, the time pattern of the hyperreactivity to produce cytotoxin was similar to that of the hyperreactivity to produce interferon. The patterns for these phenomena when neutral CPS‐K was used as an inducer were also similar to those when LPS was used. In ICR mice the hyperreactivity in interferon and cytotoxin responses to either neutral CPS‐K or LPS decayed significantly earlier than the hyperreactivity to their lethal effects, whereas in SMA mice the occurrence of both types of hyperreactivities seemed to be associated. Therefore, it is suggested that the mechanism for the hyperreactivity in interferon and cytotoxin responses to neutral CPS‐K or LPS in BCG‐infected mice is not necessarily the same as that for the hyperreactivity to their lethal effects.
Delayed‐Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) in BCG‐Sensitized Mice
Authors: Akagawa Kiyoko S. , Tokunaga Tohru 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMice pretreated with an intravenous (i.v.) injection of BCG (BCG‐sensitized mice) and then immunized intravenously with a high dose (108–109) of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) 2 weeks later developed strong delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) to SRBC, as in mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide (CY) (CY‐treated mice) and then immunized with SRBC 2 days later; normal mice given the same dose of SRBC did not show such DTH. The mechanism of this strong DTH to SRBC which developed in BCG‐sensitized mice was studied, by comparing it with that in CY‐treated mice. The transfer of either whole spleen cells or thymus cells, but not serum, obtained from mice immunized with i.v. injections of 109 SRBC 4 days previously (hyperimmune mice) did not suppress either the induction or the expression of DTH to SRBC in BCG‐sensitized mice, but suppressed those in CY‐treated mice. The suppressor cells were SRBC‐specific T cells. Adoptive transfer of DTH to SRBC by spleen cells from either BCG‐sensitized mice or CY‐treated mice to hyperimmune recipients failed. The adoptive transfer of DTH from BCG‐sensitized mice to normal recipients also failed if the spleen cells from hyperimmune mice were cotransferred. Whole body irradiation (600 rad) of mice 2 hr before or after the time of immunization with SRBC reduced significantly DTH to SRBC in both BCG‐sensitized and CY‐treated mice. It was noticed that the total number of spleen cells in BCG‐sensitized mice was 3–4 times larger than that in CY‐treated mice. From these results, we conclude that the entity of effector T cells of DTH to SRBC induced in BCG‐sensitized mice and in CY‐treated mice was not different in terms of susceptibility to suppressor T cells and irradiation, but that the total numbers of effector T cells generated in these mice differed remarkably, resulting in the above‐described different responsiveness to suppressor T cells transferred passively.
B Cell Activating Properties of Parotid Protein
Authors: Ishizaka Shigeaki , Morisawa Seiji 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA new biological activity of bovine parotid protein acting on immunocompetent lymphocytes to lead to polyclonal antibody responses was demonstrated. A significant amount of antibody to SRBC or antihapten antibody to TNP‐SRBC, BPO‐SRBC, or SA‐SRBC was produced in mice by adding the appropriate doses of bovine parotid protein, suggesting that this protein may be a nonspecific B cell activator which acts on the B cells in a similar way as casein or gelatin.
Accumulation of Eosinophils and Monocytes in Lymphoid Organs of Chick‐Embryos
Authors: Moriya Osamu , Ighikawa Yoichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe effect of antigenic stimulation on the migration pattern of eosinophils and monocytes was studied during the embryonic stage in chickens. On the 13th embryonic day, chickens were injected with sheep red blood cells as antigen into the allantoic cavity and the relative frequency of oxidase positive cells (OPC) was determined as the total number of eosinophils and monocytes in the bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and thymus. Three and five days after the antigenic stimulation, the frequencies of OPC increased in both the spleen and thymus and then decreased to the normal level just before hatching. However, bursal frequencies of OPC were always low in both the cortex and medulla when compared with the controls. These events indicated that eosinophils and monocytes accumulated in the spleen and thymus after the antigenic stimulation. Furthermore, different frequencies of OPC among the embryonic lymphoid organs showed different responses in the migration of eosinophils and monocytes.
Interactions between Viomycin Resistance and Streptomycin Resistance on Ribosomes of Mycobacterium smegmatis
Authors: Mizuguchi Yasuo , Suga Kiyoko , Yamada Takeshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe have investigated the mechanism of the expression of resistance to high levels of viomycin and coresistance to streptomycin in a mutant strain of Mycobacterium smegmatis ATCC 14468 (AC‐13) which was obtained by serial transfers of parental cells to media containing increasing concentrations of viomycin. It was shown previously that resistance to viomycin by strain AC‐13 was due to an alteration in the 50 S ribosomal subunit (20). However, genetic analysis has shown that mutation in 50 S subunits alone gave only low level resistance to viomycin. When a streptomycin resistant mutation (caused by an alteration in the 30 S subunit) was introduced into the low level viomycin resistant recombinant strains, most of them were highly resistant to viomycin. Some recombinants were resistant to intermediate levels of viomycin, and the remainder were not affected by the introduction of the strr allele.Studies with in vitro cell‐free systems have shown that streptomycin resistant 30 S ribosomal subunits obtained from a high level viomycin resistant recombinant were able to modify the levels of resistance to viomycin expressed by the 50 S ribosomal subunit. These findings provide additional evidence concerning the functional relationship between 30 S and 50 S ribosomal components in ribosomes.
Enrichment of C‐Type Virus mRNA from Immuno‐Chemically Separated Polyribosomes
Authors: Trombley Lucy , Wang Chei‐Suei 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA method for the isolation of mRNA from a c‐type virus‐positive cell (JLS‐V6) has been developed. This method consisted of (i) specific immunochemical precipitation of polyribosomes synthesizing viral proteins, (ii) extraction of the mRNA from the polyribosome/antigen/antibody complex, and (iii) separation of poly‐A containing RNA by affinity chromatography on oligo‐d(T)‐cellulose. Three size classes of virus specific poly‐A containing mRNA are identified and they are 35S, 20S–25S, and 10S–15S.
Isolation of Influenza A Virus from Budgerigars and Its Serological Characterization
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroshi , Otsuki Koichi , Tsubokura Misao 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA hemagglutinating agent was isolated from the respiratory organs of budgerigars suffering from diarrhea and malnutrition. This agent, possessing neuraminidase activity, was identified as influenza A virus by the double immunodiffusion test.The results of hemagglutination and neuraminidase‐inhibition tests with monospecific antisera to the isolated surface antigens showed that the isolates possessed Hav4 hemagglutinin and Nav1 neuraminidase subunits both of which were closely related to the corresponding antigens of A/duck/Czech/56 (Hav4 Nav1).
Reactivity of Neutralizing Antibodies with Different Specificities to H Particles of Poliovirus
Authors: Urasawa Tomoko , Urasawa Shozo , Tanigughi Koki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn order to elucidate the antigenic structure of poliovirus, the reactivity of antibody produced with H antigenic particles of Mahoney strain (polio type 1) was investigated.Injection of H particles of Mahoney strain into rabbits yielded neutralizing antibody as well as CF‐N and CF‐H antibodies. This result coincided with the report by Hinuma and coworkers. Neutralization tests with inhibitor resistant Mahoney mutants revealed that the neutralizing antibody produced with H particles was of HN31 type, one of the five different kinds of polio neutralizing antibodies reported previously (14). Absorption experiments with H particles on different neutralizing antibodies and analysis of antibody eluted by acid dissociation from antiserum‐treated H particles also showed that the HN31 type antibody specifically combined with H particles of Mahoney strain.Since the H particle of poliovirus is known to be deficient in VP4, these results seems to indicate that the HN31 type antibody reacts with a structural part(s) of poliovirus other than VP4.
In Vitro Studies on Bacterial Colonization
Authors: Tsuji Akiyoshi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMany cases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection are considered to be secondary superinfections, resulting from bacterial colonization. Such cases of superinfection with P. aeruginosa developing after administration of cephalosporin or penicillin are offering serious clinical problems. To make a fundamental analysis of the development of such superinfections, attempts were made to compare the growth patterns of Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa in pure and mixed cultures and to determine the effects of cephalothin, cefazolin, cephalexin, and ampicillin on the growth patterns.In mixed cultures, the growth of P. aeruginosa was markedly inhibited by E. coli. The higher the concentration of each of the cephalosporins and ampicillin added to the mixed culture, the smaller the population of E. coli sensitive to these agents. When the population of E. coli became smaller than that of P. aeruginosa, which is resistant to these agents, the latter was restored to the same population level as that in pure cultures.Experimental bacterial colonization, by which the predominant population of E. coli was replaced by that of P. aeruginosa in mixed culture, was brought about more efficiently with the cephalosporins than with ampicillin. This might be accounted for by the difference in minimal inhibitory concentration for P. aeruginosa between ampicillin and the other three agents.
Infectivity Suppressing and Virus‐Binding Activities of a Membrane Material Isolated from Tobacco Leaves
Authors: Kiho Yukio , Shimomura Toru , Abe Tetsuya , Nozu Yuzo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTMV binding substance (R) was isolated from a tobacco leaf membrane fraction and was purified by extraction with organic solvents and by column chromatography. Experimental results suggest that the binding of R with TMV results in inactivation of TMV. When tobacco leaves were inoculated with the R‐TMV complex, it was found that the formation of polysome containing infecting viral RNA was inhibited. Model experiments showed that the mode of R‐TMV adsorption to the membrane is different from that of TMV adsorption and that stripping of coat protein from TMV by SDS was inhibited by R. A possible explanation for the mechanism of this inhibition by R is that the R‐TMV complex follows a pathway which does not lead to establishment of infection. Although less efficient, R was still active when it was applied after virus inoculation. Due to its affinity to coat protein, R might also interfere with a later process of viral multiplication.
Antigenicity of Erythrocytes as Analyzed in Terms of Their Cross‐Reactivity
Authors: Makidono Reiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe antigenicity of human erythrocytes of four different ABO blood groups and sheep erythrocytes of unknown blood type from different individual sheep were analyzed in terms of their cross‐reactivity with antibody‐producing cells (plaque‐forming cells, PFC) and serum antibody in immunized C57BL/6 and C3H/He mice. The antigenicity of human erythrocytes of different ABO blood groups in the C57BL/6 mice, as determined by the number of specific PFC, was, in decreasing order, AB=A>B=O (p<0.005). The efficiency of immunogenicity of the human erythrocytes in terms of their cross‐reactivity with PFC was, in order, AB=A=B>O, and the degree of reactinogenicity was, in order, AB>A≧B>O. The order of antigenicity of sheep erythrocytes from different animals, SRBC #1‐#6, was #1 (= #2)>#3 = #4 = #5> #6 in C57BL/6 mice and #1 = #2 = #3 = #4 = #6 > #5 in C3H/He mice, determined by the number of specific PFC (p < 0.01). The cross‐reactivity of SRBC #1–#6 with PFC demonstrates that the order of immunogenicity of SRBC was #1 = #2 = #3 = #4 = #5>#6 in C57BL/6 mice and #1 = #2 = #3 = #4 = #6> #5 in C3H/He mice, and that of their reactinogenicity was #1 > #2 = #3 = #4 = #5 > #6 in C57BL/6 mice and #1 > #4 = #6 > #2 = #3 > #5 in C3H/He mice. The cross‐reactivity at the antibody level was indicative of the immunologic characteristics of blood cells of low antigenicity (human group O erythrocytes and SRBC #5 and #6). SRBC #5 and #6 were somewhat opposed to each other regarding antigenicity in C57BL/6 and C3H/He mice. This signifies the presence of different immunogenic components on SRBC #5 and #6. The production of anti‐SRBC #1 antibody reached its peak on the third day after secondary immunization. That of anti‐SRBC #1, cross‐reactive with SRBC #6, occurred after a longer latent period, reaching its peak on day 6. This indicates that SRBC #1 possesses more than one kind of immunogenic component or immunogenic determinant group on its surface.
In Vitro Activity of Cefamandole, Cefoxitin, Cefuroxime, and Carbenicillin, Alone and in Combination with Aminoglycosides against Serratia marcescens1
Authors: Miller Marcia A. , Yousuf Mohammad , Griffin Patricia S. , Bartlett Marie , Crane James K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSynergistic antibiotic studies were undertaken to compare the effectiveness of two new β‐lactamase resistant cephalosporins, cefamandole, and carbenicillin, with four aminoglycosides against clinical strains of Serratia marcescens. The strains demonstrated various combinations of resistance and/or susceptibility to the antibiotics tested. Tobramycin was the most effective aminoglycoside when used in combination with β‐lactam antibiotics. Carbenicillin and cefamandole demonstrated similar activity with aminoglycosides in synergy experiments.Tobramycin‐carbenicillin was found to be the superior pair as indicated by the total number of strains inhibited. This combination was the only one effective against certain high drug resistant strains and the strain resistant to all four aminoglycosides. Carbenicillin or cefamandole with tobramycin exhibited comparable activity against multiple drug resistant organisms. However, mutants significantly more resistant to cefamandole developed during susceptibility testing. The findings of this study have clinical relevance for treating infections by this formidable pathogen.