bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation and photo-fatigue behaviour of UV-sensitive photochromic systems produced using electrospinning
Authors: Solanki Utkarshsinh B , Viková Martina , Holec Pavel , Erben Jakub , Vik Michal 
Published: July 2024

This research aimed to create a UV sensor using photochromic pigment in nonwoven form and analyse its fatigue resistance under continuous ultraviolet (UV) light. The photochromic polymeric matrices consist of a photochromic pigment, a polymer, and a photo stabilizer, which enhance the stability of the photochromic systems under light exposure. As a base matrix, we used polyvinyl butyral. Then, we added different amounts of the photochromic pigment 5-chloro-1,3,3-trimethylspiro [indoline-2,3′-(3H) naphtho (2,1-b) (1,4)-oxazine]. We produce photochromic nonwovens by electrospinning a polymeric matrix solution with varying pigment concentrations. The study aimed to create a UV sensor with photochromic nanofibers that are very sensitive to light. It also tested how well it can degrade under continuous UV radiation by looking at its photo fatigue resistance under constant UV irradiation for its final use as a UV sensor material. Using FTIR, CRM, SEM, and XRD techniques, this study investigates the physiochemical properties and photodegradation behaviour of photochromic nonwovens and writes a report on it. The photo-light stability of photochromic materials is a major problem concerning its external stimuli in different substrate forms. It also looks at how well they resist photo-chemically towards the UV light. The fatigue resistance measurements were carried out using a FOTOCHROM3 spectrophotometer under continuous UV irradiance using two different modes. This study evaluated and reported their photodegradation behaviour in cyclic and continuous UV irradiance modes. The tests showed that the prepared photochromic system works well with photostability and can go through more than 20 exposure cycles, each with 100 min of UV light and intensity equal to 1/3 of the sun’s rays on a clear day. Given the PVB applications in our daily lives, it can serve as a UV sensor in numerous industrial applications. Photochromic nanofibers possessing excellent photosensitivity hold immense promise as optical rewritable devices and colourimetric-based UV sensors.
Lactic acid-facilitated surface modification of nanocellulose extracted from Borassus flabellifer leaves
Authors: Chakraborty Ankit , Ghalsasi Pradnya , Radha P 
Published: July 2024

Nanocellulose (NC) is revolutionizing the world of biopolymers. This research investigated the use of NC as an additive in polymer composites to enhance their structural and physio-chemical properties. The NC was extracted from Borassus flabellifer leaves and modified with lactic acid (LA). The leaves consisted of 62.2% cellulose, 15.8% hemicellulose, and 12.2% lignin by weight %. Alkali treatment was applied to obtain NCs with an average particle size of 317 nm. Characterization techniques, including SEM, FTIR, and XRD, are employed to evaluate the effectiveness of surface modification. The successful surface modification of NC with LA was confirmed by the presence of LA functional groups. XRD analysis revealed the crystalline nature of both the NCs and surface-modified NCs (SMNCs), with a higher crystalline index for the SMNCs (48.27%) than for the NCs (42.78%). The lower water absorption potential of SMNCs suggests their potential for use in biopolymer composites, demonstrating promising applications in materials science.
Investigating the improvements in morphometric and mechanical properties of mild steel coated with polymer-based hybrid nano composites
Authors: Gujjar Sandeep V , Joshi Sharad G , Hunashyal AM , Jeevan Rao H , Perumalla Janaki Ramulu 
Published: July 2024

The main objective of this paper is to investigate the coexistence of polymers and nanoparticles, demonstrating improved mechanical and corrosion resistance characteristics when applied to mild steel surfaces. For this investigation, various polymer-based hybrid nanocomposite combinations were considered. Combinations of nanomaterials, such as multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTS), zinc oxide (ZnO), cerium oxide (CeO2), silicon oxide (SiO2), and graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO), as well as polymers including polyester, phenolic, epoxy, and polyurethane were employed. Mild steel samples covered with hybrid nano composites underwent 3.5% NaCl immersion and standard Salt Spray (Fog) test method ASTM B117:2016 to evaluate their corrosion resistant qualities. Tensile strength test (A370:2017) and hardness test [IS 101(Part-5, Sec.2):1988] were performed and determined the mechanical properties. An ideal proportion of polymer and nanoparticles combination that results in both enhanced mechanical and corrosion resistance characteristics was determined in this study. From the obtained results, epoxy resin has been exhibited a 97% corrosion resistance, with a 10% increase in tensile strength around 700 mg of surface hardness. The MSPS3 recorded with the highest of all the combination values of 89% corrosion resistance, 400 mg of surface scratch hardness and 25% increased tensile strength. In case of MZPU2, 80% corrosion resistance, 25% increased tensile strength with 600 mg of surface hardness. Whereas MGPH1 shown 69% anticorrosion, 600 mg of scratch hardness and 27% rise in tensile strength. With these outputs, this research can be applied to various materials for different engineering applications.
Analysis of macular thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in various ABO and Rh blood groups
Authors: Shanbezadeh Effat , Vasaghi-Gharamaleki Behnoosh , Nabovati Payam , Koochakzadeh Leili , Khabazkhoob Mehdi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo determine the association between ABO and Rh blood groups with retinal structural indices including macular thickness and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling in a tertiary referral eye hospital in Tehran, Iran. Study participants were referred to the hospital laboratory to test their blood group. Ocular examinations were performed including measurement of visual acuity, auto-refraction, subjective refraction, and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Retinal imaging was carried out using Spectral-domain OCT under dilated papillary conditions.ResultsThree hundred and twenty-eight individuals were recruited in this study. Of these, 219 (60.7%) were female and the mean age of the participants was 63.29 ± 5.57 years (range: 56 to 83 years). According to the multiple linear regression model, the global peripapillary RNFL thickness [coefficient: -3.05 (95% CI: -5.30 to -0.74);P = 0.010] and peripapillary RNFL thickness in the superior [coefficient: -4.65 (95% CI: -8.40 to -0.89),P < 0.001] and inferior [coefficient: -4.00 (95% CI: -7.81 to -0.19);P = 0.040] quadrants were significantly thinner in individuals with blood type B compared to those with other ABO blood groups. The average [coefficient: 12.69 (95% CI: 4.12–21.64);P = 0.004) and central [coefficient: 16.21 (95%: 6.44–25.97);P = 0.001) macular thicknesses were significantly thicker in AB group compared to other blood groups. The average macular thickness was significantly thinner in Rh + compared to the Rh- group [coefficient: -8.33 (95% CI: -15.4 to -1.25);P = 0.021].ConclusionRetinal structural indices may be related to blood groups implying a genetic linkage. Considering the lack of consistency among various studies, larger trials are needed to explore the effect of ABO and Rh grouping on peripapillary RNFL and macular thicknesses.
Hypothermia in preterm infants admitted to low-resource neonatal units in northern Nigeria: an observational study of occurrence and risk factors
Authors: Sanni Usman Abiola , Usman Fatima , Ogunkunle Taofik Oluwaseun , Adamu Adamu Sa’idu , Lamidi Audu Isah , Lawal Taslim Olatunde , Bello Surajudeen Oyeleke , Na’uzo Aliyu Mamman , Ibrahim Tajudeen Lanre , Naphtal Nyirimanzi , Shehu Sa’adatu , Jibrin Abdullahi , Farouk Zubaida Ladan , Bashir Muhammad Faruk , Adedeji Idris Abiodun , Abdulsalam Mohammed , Abdullahi Yakubu , Imam Abdulazeez 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Hypothermia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among preterm and low-birth-weight neonates. In resource-constrained settings, limited referral infrastructure and technologies for temperature control potentiate preterm hypothermia. While there is some documentation on point-of-admission hypothermia from single center studies, there are limited multicenter studies on the occurrence of hypothermia among preterm infants in resource-limited-settings. Therefore, we conducted a multicenter study to determine the prevalence and risk factors for hypothermia at the time of admission and during the first 72 h after admission in northern Nigeria.

Method
We carried out a prospective cohort study on preterm infants admitted to four referral hospitals in northern Nigerian between August 2020 and July 2021. We documented temperature measurements at admission and the lowest and highest temperatures in the first 72 h after admission. We also collected individual baby-level data on sociodemographic and perinatal history data. We used the World Health Organization classification of hypothermia to classify the babies’ temperatures into mild, moderate, and severe hypothermia. Poisson regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for moderate-severe hypothermia.

Results
Of the 933 preterm infants enrolled, 682 (72.9%) had hypothermia at admission although the prevalence of hypothermia varied across the four hospitals. During the first 24 h after admission, 7 out of every 10 babies developed hypothermia. By 72 h after admission, between 10 and 40% of preterm infants across the 4 hospitals had at least one episode of moderate hypothermia. Gestational age (OR = 0.86; CI = 0.82–0.91), birth weight (OR = 8.11; CI = 2.87–22.91), presence of a skilled birth attendant at delivery (OR = 0.53; CI = 0.29–0.95), place of delivery (OR = 1.94 CI = 1.13–3.33) and resuscitation at birth (OR = 1.79; CI = 1.27–2.53) were significant risk factors associated with hypothermia.

Conclusion
The prevalence of admission hypothermia in preterm infants is high and hypothermia is associated with low-birth-weight, place of delivery and presence of skilled birth attendant. The prevalence of hypothermia while in care is also high and this has important implications for patient safety and quality of patient care. Referral services for preterm infants need to be developed while hospitals need to be better equipped to maintain the temperatures of admitted small and sick newborns.
Causes of death in individuals with lifetime major depression: a comprehensive machine learning analysis from a community-based autopsy center
Authors: Nunes Paula Villela , Mancine Livia , Neves Beatriz Astolfi , Leite Renata Elaine Paraizo , Nascimento Camila , Pasqualucci Carlos Augusto , Lafer Beny , Salvini Rogerio , Suemoto Claudia Kimie 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Depression can be associated with increased mortality and morbidity, but no studies have investigated the specific causes of death based on autopsy reports. Autopsy studies can yield valuable and detailed information on pathological ailments or underreported conditions. This study aimed to compare autopsy-confirmed causes of death (CoD) between individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) and matched controls. We also analyzed subgroups within our MDD sample, including late-life depression and recurrent depression. We further investigated whether machine learning (ML) algorithms could distinguish MDD and each subgroup from controls based on their CoD.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of CoD in individuals who died from nontraumatic causes. The diagnosis of lifetime MDD was ascertained based on the DSM-5 criteria using information from a structured interview with a knowledgeable informant. Eleven established ML algorithms were used to differentiate MDD individuals from controls by simultaneously analyzing different disease category groups to account for multiple tests. The McNemar test was further used to compare paired nominal data.

Results
The initial dataset included records of 1,102 individuals, among whom 232 (21.1%) had a lifetime diagnosis of MDD. Each MDD individual was strictly paired with a control non-psychiatric counterpart. In the MDD group, the most common CoD were circulatory (67.2%), respiratory (13.4%), digestive (6.0%), and cancer (5.6%). Despite employing a range of ML models, we could not find distinctive CoD patterns that could reliably distinguish individuals with MDD from individuals in the control group (average accuracy: 50.6%; accuracy range: 39-59%). These findings were consistent even when considering factors within the MDD group, such as late-life or recurrent MDD. When comparing groups with paired nominal tests, no differences were found for circulatory (p=0.450), respiratory (p=0.790), digestive (p=1.000), or cancer (p=0.855) CoD.

Conclusions
Our analysis revealed that autopsy-confirmed CoD exhibited remarkable similarity between individuals with depression and their matched controls, underscoring the existing heterogeneity in the literature. Future research should prioritize more severe manifestations of depression and larger sample sizes, particularly in the context of CoD related to cancer.
Associations of fish oil with cardiovascular disease events: results from the Taiwan longitudinal study in aging
Authors: Chen Hsiu-Chuan , Tai Chi-Jung , Huang Jing-Yang , Kuo Tsu-Ann , Huang Yuan-Der , Yen Chi-Hua , Lee Meng-Chih 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The effectiveness of fish oil in preventing cardiovascular events is still debating. Some studies indicate a correlation between the use of fish oil supplements and reduced mortality or decreased incidence of stroke. However, other studies show no significant association between fish oil intake and stroke prevention, indicating an ongoing debate. This study aimed at exploring which subjects may benefit more from fish oil supplementation.

Methods
This study utilized the data obtained through face-to-face interview from the Taiwan Longitudinal Study in Aging (TLSA). A total of 3,652 participants were included from the 2003 baseline data, after excluding patients with pre-existing ischemic heart disease or stroke. Participants were divided into two groups based on whether taking fish oil supplement or not. Participants were followed until 2015, estimating and comparing the all-cause mortality and cumulative incidence rate of stroke between both groups.

Results
The results of the 12-year longitudinal study showed that the cumulative incidence rate of stroke in the fish oil supplementation group was 5.7%, compared to 7.7% in the non-supplemented group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the crude hazard ratio for stroke was significantly lower in the fish oil supplementation group (HR = 0.686;95% CI 0.476–0.987). However, after adjusting potential confounders, the adjusted risk of stroke was lower only for the diabetic patients supplemented with fish oil (aHR = 0.123; 95% CI 0.016–0.930) compared to non-diabetic patients (aHR = 0.917; 95% CI 0.616–1.364).

Conclusion
This study suggests that there is an association between fish oil supplementation and a lower cumulative incidence rate of subsequent stroke among diabetic patients.
Development and validation of radiology-clinical statistical and machine learning model for stroke-associated pneumonia after first intracerebral haemorrhage
Authors: Zhang Wenru , Zhou Ying , Xu Liuhui , Qiu Chaomin , Luo Zhixian , Jiang Zhenghao , Tao Xinyi , Wu Yingjie , Yao Shishi , Huang Hang , Wang Xinshi , Yang Yunjun , Lin Ru 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Society is burdened with stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) after intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) complicates clinical manifestations of stroke. In this study, we redefined the CSVD burden score and incorporated it into a novel radiological-clinical prediction model for SAP.

Materials and methods
A total of 1278 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2019 were included. The participants were divided into training and testing groups using fivefold cross-validation method. Four models, two traditional statistical models (logistic regression and ISAN) and two machine learning models (random forest and support vector machine), were established and evaluated. The outcomes and baseline characteristics were compared between the SAP and non-SAP groups.

Results
Among the of 1278 patients, 281(22.0%) developed SAP after their first ICH. Multivariate analysis revealed that the logistic regression (LR) model was superior in predicting SAP in both the training and testing groups. Independent predictors of SAP after ICH included total CSVD burden score (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.03–1.54), haematoma extension into ventricle (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.87–3.31), haematoma with multilobar involvement (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.44–3.18), transpharyngeal intubation operation (OR, 3.89; 95% CI, 2.7–5.62), admission NIHSS score ≥ 10 (OR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.42–3.01), male sex (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.16–2.52), and age ≥ 67 (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.56–3.22). The patients in the SAP group had worse outcomes than those in the non-SAP group.

Conclusion
This study established a clinically combined imaging model for predicting stroke-associated pneumonia and demonstrated superior performance compared with the existing ISAN model. Given the poor outcomes observed in patients with SAP, the use of individualised predictive nomograms is vital in clinical practice.
Sagittal slope angle of lateral atlantoaxial articulation is associated with the severity of basilar invagination with atlantoaxial dislocation and predicts reduction degree after surgery
Authors: Sheng Xia-Qing , Peng Zi-Han , Ding Chen , Wang Bei-Yu , Hong Ying , Chen Peng-Fan , Meng Yang , Liu Hao 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective
To investigate (1) lateral atlantoaxial articulation (LAA) morphology in patients with basilar invagination (BI) with atlantoaxial dislocation (AAD) and healthy individuals and its relationship with the severity of dislocation and (2) the effect of the LAA morphology on reduction degree (RD) after surgery.

Methods
In this retrospective propensity score matching case-control study, imaging and baseline data of 62 patients with BI and AAD from 2011 to 2022 were collected. Six hundred thirteen participants without occipitocervical junctional deformity served as controls. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used for analysis.

Results
The age, BMI and sex did not differ significantly between the two groups after propensity score matching. Sagittal slope angle (SSA) and coronal slope angle (CSA) was lower and greater, respectively, in the patient group than in the control group. A negative SSA value usually indicates anteverted LAA. Regression analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between SSA and severity of dislocation. However, no relationship was found between CSA and the severity of dislocation. The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that minimum-SSA emerged as an independent predictor of satisfactory reduction (RD ≥ 90%). The ROC curve demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.844, with a cut-off value set at -40.2.

Conclusion
SSA in patients group was significantly smaller and more asymmetric than that in the control group. Dislocation severity was related to SSA but not to CSA. Minimum-SSA can be used as a predictor of horizontal RD after surgery.
Clinical and radiographic results of locking plate with medial support screw in Proximal Humerus fracture – the more, the better?
Authors: Lim Jun-Hyuk , Hwang Jaeyeon , Kim Sungmin , Kim Myung-Sun 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The calcar of the proximal humerus is a fundamental structure for medial humeral column support. This study aimed to assess the outcome of osteosynthesis across cases of unstable proximal humerus fractures (PHFs) with medial calcar comminution, following treatment with a PHILOS locking plate and medial support screw (MSS).

Methods
Between January 2010 and December 2018, we retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 121 cases of osteosynthesis for PHFs with medial column disruption. For the medial support, at least one oblique screw was inserted within 5 mm of the subchondral bone in the inferomedial quadrant of the humeral head. All patients were categorized into two groups: 26 patients in the single MSS group, and 95 in the multiple MSS group. Follow-up after at least an year involved clinical and radiographic outcome evaluations, and correspondingly measuring the Constant-Murley score, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder scale, pain visual analogue scale (VAS), major complications, neck-shaft angle (NSA), humeral head height (HHH), and the eventual time to bone union. Risk factors for the major complications were assessed by multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results
The cohort’s mean age was 64.4 ± 15.4 years, and the mean follow-up duration was 19.5 ± 7.6 months. At the final follow-up, between the single MSS and multiple MSS groups, no significant differences in the Constant-Murley score (p = 0.367), UCLA score (p = 0.558), VAS (p = 0.571), time to bone union (p = 0.621), NSA loss (p = 0.424), and HHH loss (p = 0.364) were observed. The incidence of complications (p = 0.446) based on the number of MSS were not significantly different. The initial insufficient reduction after surgery (of NSA < 125°) was found to be a significant risk factor for post-surgical complications.

Conclusions
To treat unstable PHFs, the use of at least one MSS along with a locking plate system is sufficient to achieve satisfactory outcomes. Successful operative treatment using a locking plate for PHF treatment is inherent in anatomical fracture reduction, coupled with medial column support.
Biomechanical analysis of load distribution in porcine hip joints at different acetabular coverages
Authors: Tachibana Tetsuya , Katagiri Hiroki , Matsuda Junpei , Ozeki Nobutake , Watanabe Toshifumi , Sekiya Ichiro , Jinno Tetsuya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Developmental dysplasia of the hip causes secondary osteoarthritis. Finite element analysis suggests high hip joint contact pressure in patients with hip dysplasia and a reduction in contact pressure after periacetabular osteotomy. However, few biomechanical studies have examined the load distribution in the hip joint. This study aimed to investigate the biomechanical properties of load distribution in porcine hip joints at different acetabular coverages.

Methods
Six porcine hip joints were analyzed using three models: 1) neutral coverage, 2) 15° under-coverage (defined as dysplasia model), and 3) 15° over-coverage created by varying the acetabular coverage. The load distribution was assessed using a pressure-mapping sensor system after applying a loading force of 100 N to the hip joint.

Results
In the dysplasia model, the load was concentrated at the acetabular rim; in the neutral and over-coverage models, it was dispersed. The average contact pressure was significantly higher in the dysplasia model than in the neutral coverage model ([0.42 vs. 0.3 MPa]; p = 0.004). The contact area was significantly smaller in the dysplasia model than in the neutral coverage model ([250.7 vs. 345.0 mm2]; p = 0.004). No significant differences were observed in contact pressure or area between the neutral and over-coverage models.

Conclusions
Insufficient acetabular coverage in the dysplasia model demonstrated higher contact pressure and smaller contact area than the neutral model. Conversely, the contact pressure and area in the over-coverage model did not differ significantly from those in the normal model. Therefore, surgeons should note that acetabular coverage overcorrection has limited effect; normalization is crucial during periacetabular osteotomy.