bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and evaluation of an algorithm to identify users of Prolia® during the early postmarketing period using health insurance claims data
Authors: Hoffman Veena , Xue Fei , Gardstein Betsey , Skerry Kathleen , Critchlow Cathy W. , Enger Cheryl 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeThe goal of this study is to develop and validate an algorithm to identify Prolia® users within a health insurance claims database.MethodsPatients with a denosumab‐specific or nonspecific administration claim during the early period of Prolia availability in the USA (June 1, 2010 to March 31, 2012) were classified as definite, probable, possible, and nonusers of Prolia using an algorithm consisting of nine different components based on claims patterns consistent with Prolia use. Medical record review confirmed a sample of definite, probable, and possible users and the positive predictive value (PPV) was estimated.ResultsThe PPV of the claims‐based algorithm components varied (17.8–95.8%). Requiring claims for a bone or cartilage disorder or osteoporotic fracture after excluding claims for cancer prior to a denosumab‐specific administration code gave the highest PPV (95.8%), followed by requiring a Prolia National Drug Code on the same claim as a denosumab‐specific or nonspecific administration code (88.2%). Among the 87 confirmed Prolia users, osteoporosis diagnoses were seen more frequently in the medical record than in claims (83% vs 62%).ConclusionsProlia users are most accurately identified with administration code claims in conjunction with claims for Prolia National Drug Code and bone disorder treatment and diagnosis codes. Osteoporosis diagnoses may be under‐recorded in claims data. The algorithm may require reassessment as uptake for more recently approved indications increases. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Provider perspectives on presenting risk information and managing worry about recurrence among breast cancer survivors
Authors: Janz Nancy K. , Leinberger Rebecca L. , Zikmund‐Fisher Brian J. , Hawley Sarah T. , Griffith Kent , Jagsi Reshma 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundAlthough worry about recurrence is a persistent concern among breast cancer survivors, little is known about physicians' confidence about presenting recurrence risk information, identifying women with considerable worry, and helping women manage worry.MethodsBetween January and June 2012, we surveyed 750 surgeons and 750 medical oncologists randomly sampled from the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile. We tested differences between surgeons and medical oncologists on confidence of presenting risk, identifying and managing worry using chi‐square statistic and Student's t‐tests and developed multiple variable logistic regression models to explain odds regarding confidence and use of different strategies for managing worry.ResultsThe analytic sample included 403 surgeons and 363 medical oncologists (n = 766; response rate = 60%). Compared with surgeons, medical oncologists were significantly more likely to report confidence in: presenting risk information (87.5% vs 73.2%), identifying women who are worried (74.1% vs 63.9%), and managing worry (66.9% vs 52.4%). Confidence in managing worry was associated with more regular inquiry about worry (p = 0.009). Models of the likelihood of using different management strategies varied by provider type (e.g., surgeons more likely than medical oncologists to recommend support group or online resources, oncologists more likely to refer to psychologist or use medications, all p < 0.05).ConclusionCancer providers, particularly surgeons, may benefit from educational training to raise confidence in identifying women with high levels of worry and managing women with considerable worry. Communication between specialties and primary care physicians on efforts to manage worry is necessary for coordinated, quality care for women with breast cancer. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feasibility of automated slope III and Scond analysis in children
Authors: Bigler Anja , Yammine Sophie , Singer Florian , Riedel Thomas , Latzin Philipp 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundMultiple breath washout (MBW) derived Scond is an established index of ventilation inhomogeneity. Time‐consuming post hoc calculations of the expirogram's slope of alveolar phase III (SIII) and the lack of available software hampered widespread application of Scond.MethodsSeventy‐two school‐aged children (45 with cystic fibrosis; CF) performed 3 nitrogen MBW. We tested a new automated algorithm for Scond analysis (Scondauto) which comprised breath selection for SIII detection, calculation and reporting of test quality. We compared Scondauto to (i) standard Scond analysis (Scondmanual) with manual breath selection and to (ii) pragmatic Scond analysis including all breaths (Scondall). Primary outcomes were success rate and agreement between different Scond protocols, and Scond fitting quality (linear regression R2).ResultsAverage Scondauto (0.06 for CF and 0.01 for controls) was not different from Scondmanual (0.06 for CF and 0.01 for controls) and showed comparable fitting quality (R2 0.53 for CF and 0.13 for controls vs. R2 0.54 for CF and 0.13 for controls). Scondall was similar in CF and controls but with inferior fitting quality compared to Scondauto and Scondmanual.ConclusionsAutomated Scond calculation is feasible and produces robust results comparable to the standard manual way of Scond calculation. This algorithm provides a valid, fast and objective tool for regular use, even in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:805–813. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Protein charge ladders reveal that the net charge of ALS‐linked superoxide dismutase can be different in sign and magnitude from predicted values
Authors: Shi Yunhua , Abdolvahabi Alireza , Shaw Bryan F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article utilized “protein charge ladders”—chemical derivatives of proteins with similar structure, but systematically altered net charge—to quantify how missense mutations that cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) affect the net negative charge (Z) of superoxide dismutase‐1 (SOD1) as a function of subcellular pH and Zn2+ stoichiometry. Capillary electrophoresis revealed that the net charge of ALS‐variant SOD1 can be different in sign and in magnitude—by up to 7.4 units per dimer at lysosomal pH—than values predicted from standard pKa values of amino acids and formal oxidation states of metal ions. At pH 7.4, the G85R, D90A, and G93R substitutions diminished the net negative charge of dimeric SOD1 by up to +2.29 units more than predicted; E100K lowered net charge by less than predicted. The binding of a single Zn2+ to mutant SOD1 lowered its net charge by an additional +2.33 ± 0.01 to +3.18 ± 0.02 units, however, each protein regulated net charge when binding a second, third, or fourth Zn2+ (ΔZ < 0.44 ± 0.07 per additional Zn2+). Both metalated and apo‐SOD1 regulated net charge across subcellular pH, without inverting from negative to positive at the theoretical pI. Differential scanning calorimetry, hydrogen‐deuterium exchange, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry confirmed that the structure, stability, and metal content of mutant proteins were not significantly affected by lysine acetylation. Measured values of net charge should be used when correlating the biophysical properties of a specific ALS‐variant SOD1 protein with its observed aggregation propensity or clinical phenotype.
Perspectives on transgenic, herbicide‐resistant crops in the United States almost 20 years after introduction
Authors: Duke Stephen O 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHerbicide‐resistant crops have had a profound impact on weed management. Most of the impact has been by glyphosate‐resistant maize, cotton, soybean and canola. Significant economic savings, yield increases and more efficacious and simplified weed management have resulted in widespread adoption of the technology. Initially, glyphosate‐resistant crops enabled significantly reduced tillage and reduced the environmental impact of weed management. Continuous use of glyphosate with glyphosate‐resistant crops over broad areas facilitated the evolution of glyphosate‐resistant weeds, which have resulted in increases in the use of tillage and other herbicides with glyphosate, reducing some of the initial environmental benefits of glyphosate‐resistant crops. Transgenic crops with resistance to auxinic herbicides, as well as to herbicides that inhibit acetolactate synthase, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase and hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, stacked with glyphosate and/or glufosinate resistance, will become available in the next few years. These technologies will provide additional weed management options for farmers, but will not have all of the positive effects (reduced cost, simplified weed management, lowered environmental impact and reduced tillage) that glyphosate‐resistant crops had initially. In the more distant future, other herbicide‐resistant crops (including non‐transgenic ones), herbicides with new modes of action and technologies that are currently in their infancy (e.g. bioherbicides, sprayable herbicidal RNAi and/or robotic weeding) may affect the role of transgenic, herbicide‐resistant crops in weed management. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Evaluating the effectiveness of expandable radiocollars for juvenile cervids
Authors: Kalb David M. , Bowman Jacob L. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTWe present the retention rate of expandable radiocollars that can be used on juvenile cervids. These collars permit investigations into a previously understudied segment of cervid populations. We captured 60 male sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Dorchester County, Maryland, USA, during their first winter (6–8 months of age; captured 2008 and 2009) and attached expandable radiocollars. Retention of collars differed between years. The first year, 85% of collars were retained for 1 year with a mean retention time of 532 days (SE = 27). After modifications, 100% of second‐year collars were retained for the duration of the study or until the animal's death (max = 483 days). We used trail cameras to observe wear and fit of the collars 6–8 months after deployment. Our data suggest that the expandable collar design can be improved to last beyond an animal's dispersal and provide a useful tool for monitoring juvenile cervids. © 2014 The Wildlife Society.
Antioxidants in Fish Oil Production for Improved Quality
Authors: Carvajal Ana Karina , Mozuraityte Revilija , Standal Inger Beate , Storrø Ivar , Aursand Marit 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThere is an increasing demand for fish oil containing omega‐3. By‐products (e.g., heads, tails, belly flaps, backbones, and viscera) from fish fillet production are currently utilized for production of fish oil and fish meal for feed but can be a valuable source of omega‐3 for human consumption. However, the quality of some oil is not good enough for human consumption due to oxidation during processing. The aim of this work was to decrease oxidation during oil production by adding antioxidants to herring by‐products early in the production process. Of several antioxidants the most potent were selected by a fast screening test. Butylated hydroxytoluene, propyl gallate and citric acid were further evaluated on a labaroatory scale and pilot plant production of herring oil. The selected antioxidants resulted in lower total oxidation during processing [up to 71% reduction in TOTOX (2 times the peroxide value plus the anisidine value)]. In addition, higher oil stability was achieved by adding antioxidants during processing (improved stability up to 400%).
Customer segmentation in retail facility location planning
Authors: Müller Sven , Haase Knut 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this contribution, we discuss a facility location model to maximize firms’ patronage, while demand is determined by a multinomial logit model (MNL). We account for customer segmentation based on customer characteristics. Hence, we are able to reduce the bias to the objective, which is due to constant substitution patterns of the MNL. Numerical studies show that averaging customer characteristics yield a bias of more than 15 % of the objective function value compared to segmentation. Using GAMS/CPLEX, we are able to solve problem sets with 2 segments, 500 demand points and 10 potential locations to optimality in 1 h computation time. If we consider 50 potential locations, the gap reported by CPLEX is $$<$$
<
8 % in 1 h. We present an illustrative case example of a furniture store company in Germany (data are available as electronic supplementary material to this article). The corresponding problem is solved to optimality in a few minutes.
Justice served: Mitigating damaged trust stemming from supply chain disruptions
Authors: Wang Qiong , Craighead Christopher W. , Li Julie Juan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis research examines the mitigation of damaged trust stemming from supplier‐induced disruptions. We used the critical incident technique on 302 buying firms in China to capture two (one successful, one unsuccessful) supplier‐induced disruptions (yielding a total of 604 incidents) to test our theorizing grounded in justice theory. We find evidence that different aspects of trust damage (ability, benevolence, and integrity) can be mitigated through the supplier's selective use of appropriate justice approaches (procedural, interactional, or distributive justice), which, in turn, foster relationship continuity intentions. Within this realm, we make a number of contributions. First, we find that procedural justice is the most effective mechanism (followed by distributive justice and interactional justice) to recoup the damage to buyers’ trust in the suppliers’ ability, benevolence, and integrity. Second, we find that mitigating damaged ability is the most powerful precursor (followed by recuperating damaged integrity) for locking in future business. Conversely, the mitigation of damaged benevolence is not found to affect future business intentions. Third, our post hoc results suggest that disruptions and consequent mitigation efforts pose relational threats as well as opportunities—yet the “double‐edged” nature is affected by the “base” level of trust (i.e., the trust level prior to the disruption). Broadly, our study suggests that suppliers can overcome the negative relational repercussions of disruptions (that they caused) by employing well‐developed, but nuanced, mitigation efforts and, in doing so, repair, solidify or even enhance the relationships.
The Dawes Review 2: Nucleosynthesis and Stellar Yields of Low- and Intermediate-Mass Single Stars
Authors: Karakas Amanda I. , Lattanzio John C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe chemical evolution of the Universe is governed by the chemical yields from stars, which in turn are determined primarily by the initial stellar mass. Even stars as low as 0.9 M⊙can, at low metallicity, contribute to the chemical evolution of elements. Stars less massive than about 10 M⊙experience recurrent mixing events that can significantly change the surface composition of the envelope, with observed enrichments in carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, and heavy elements synthesized by the slow neutron capture process (thes-process). Low- and intermediate-mass stars release their nucleosynthesis products through stellar outflows or winds, in contrast to massive stars that explode as core-collapse supernovae. Here we review the stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis for single stars up to ~ 10 M⊙from the main sequence through to the tip of the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). We include a discussion of the main uncertainties that affect theoretical calculations and review the latest observational data, which are used to constrain uncertain details of the stellar models. We finish with a review of the stellar yields available for stars less massive than about 10 M⊙and discuss efforts by various groups to address these issues and provide homogeneous yields for low- and intermediate-mass stars covering a broad range of metallicities.
MYTHS, GENDER, BIRDS, BEADS: A READING OF IRON AGE HILL SITES IN INTERIOR SOUTHERN AFRICA
Authors: Wilmsen Edwin N. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTHomologous origin myths concerning the Tsodilo Hills in north-western Botswana, Polombwe hill at the southern tip of Lake Tanganyika in Zambia and Kaphiri-Ntiwa hill in northern Malawi are examined. Parallels are drawn between the myths, where, in the process of creation, a primal pair in undifferentiated space and time passes through a series of liminal states, thereby bringing structure to the landscape and legitimacy to society in Iron Age Central and Southern Africa. These myths narrate the instituting of social legitimacy in their respective societies based on a resolution of the inherent contradiction between the concepts of authority and power, lineage and land. The structure of rights to possession of land is examined, and the text considers the role of sumptuary goods such as glass beads and metonymic signifiers such as birds within this structure. This study examines the prominence of hilltops as the residence of paranormal power and its association with human authority, and relates this to the archaeological interpretation of the Iron Age site Nqoma (Tsodilo Hills); this is compared with Bosutswe (eastern Botswana), Mapungubwe (Shashe-Limpopo basin), and the Shona Mwari myth recorded by Frobenius as used by Huffman in his analysis of Great Zimbabwe.
PATTERNS OF SLAVING AND PREY–PREDATOR INTERFACES IN AND AROUND THE MANDARA MOUNTAINS (NIGERIA AND CAMEROON)
Authors: David Nicholas 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTWhile from the sixteenth to the early twentieth century there was a lasting and elastic demand for slaves in Central Africa, the practices by which they were acquired had to be adapted to the physical and human terrain, the technologies available and the socio-cultural postures of the predator and prey societies. In this paper, I sketch the changing patterns of these variables in six slaving zones in and around the northern Mandara Mountains. Using historical sources, information from the diary of Hamman Yaji, a Fulani chief and active slaver, and data gathered in the course of ethnographic research in three of these zones by myself and colleagues, I show that in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries the extraction of slaves from particular sub-regions within these zones was highly variable, as is evident in the interfaces between the decentralized prey societies and the predatory states. Besides providing fresh perspectives on slaving and evidence for evaluating the constructions of historians, such studies open the way for research on the mutual accommodations to slaving affecting the societies and cultures of both prey and predators.
Detection of antibiotics in goat's milk: effect of detergents on the response of microbial inhibitor tests
Authors: Romero Tamara , Beltrán María Carmen , Althaus Rafael Lisandro , Molina María Pilar 
Published: July 2014

The aim of the study was to evaluate the interference of acid and alkaline detergents employed in the cleaning of milking equipment of caprine dairy farms on the performance of microbial tests used in antibiotic control (BRT MRL, Delvotest MCS, and Eclipse 100). Eight concentrations of commercial detergents, five acid (0–0·25%) and five alkaline (0–1%) were add to antimicrobial-free goat's milk to evaluate the detergent effect on the response of microbial inhibitor tests. To evaluate the effect of detergents on the detection capability of microbial tests two detergents at 0·5 ml/l (one acid and one basic) and eight concentrations of four β-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin, cloxacillin and benzylpenicillin) were used. Milk without detergents was used as control. The spiked samples were analysed twelve times by three microbial tests. The results showed that the presence of acid detergents did not affect the response of microbial tests for any of the concentrations tested. However, at concentrations equal to or greater than 2 ml/l alkaline detergents positive results were found in microbial tests (16·7–100%). The detection limits of the screening tests for penicillins were not modified substantially by the presence of detergents. In general, the presence of acid and alkaline detergents in goat's milk did not produce a great interference in the microbial tests, only high concentrations of detergents could cause non-compliant results, but these concentrations are difficult to find in practice if proper cleaning procedures are applied in goat dairy farms.
Process optimisation for preparation of caseinophosphopeptides from Buffalo milk casein and their characterisation
Authors: Saini Prerna , Mann Bimlesh , Kumar Rajesh , Sharma Rajan , Singh Ram Ran Bijoy , Chatterjee Alok 
Published: July 2014

Caseinophosphopeptides (CPPs) are multifunctional bioactive peptides containing phosphorylated seryl residues in their sequence. In the present study, method for the production of CPPs from buffalo milk casein was optimised and characterised for their sequence, calcium solubilising and calcium binding activities. Response surface methodology was used to optimise the conditions for hydrolysis of buffalo casein by trypsin to obtain maximum yield of CPPs. The optimum hydrolysis conditions were as follows: hydrolysis pH 7·5, temperature 37 °C, hydrolysis time 7·0 h. Under these conditions, the experimental yield obtained was 10·04±0·24%, which is slightly lower than value predicted by the model. These CPPs were able to solubilise 1·03±0·08 mg la/mg CPPs in presence of excess phosphate and bind 0·935 mg of Ca/mg of CPPs. Eight phosphopeptides i.e. αs1-CN f (37-58) 2P; αs1-CN f (37-58) 3P; αs1-CN f (35-58) 2P; αs1-CN f (35-58) 3P; αs2-CN f (2-21) 4P; αs2-CN f (138-149) 1P; β-CN f (2-28) 4P and β-CN f (33-48) 1P were identified by LC-MS/MS which contained motif for binding of divalent minerals. The sequences of these CPPs differed from that of derived from bovine casein.
Enzymatic cross-linking of soy proteins within non-fat set yogurt gel
Authors: Soleymanpuori Rana , Madadlou Ashkan , Zeynali Fariba , Khosrowshahi Asghar 
Published: July 2014

Soy proteins as the health-promoting ingredients and candidate fat substitutes in dairy products are good substrates for the cross-linking action of the enzyme transglutaminase. Non-fat set yogurt samples were prepared from the milks enriched with soy protein isolate (SPI) and/or treated with the enzyme transglutaminase. The highest titrable acidity was recorded for the yogurt enriched with SPI and treated with the enzyme throughout the cold storage for 21 d. SPI-enrichment of yogurt milk increased the water holding capacity. Although enrichment with SPI did not influence the count of Streptococcus themophilus, increased that of Lactobacillus bulgaricus ∼3 log cycles. The enzymatic treatment of SPI-enriched milk however, suppressed the bacteria growth-promoting influence of SPI due probably to making the soy proteins inaccessible for Lactobacillus. SPI-enrichment and enzymatic treatment of milk decreased the various organic acids content in yoghurt samples; influence of the former was more significant. The cross-linking of milk proteins to soy proteins was confirmed with the gel electrophoresis results.
Understanding development and ripening of fruit crops in an ‘omics’ era
Authors: Gapper Nigel E , Giovannoni James J , Watkins Christopher B 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Next generation sequencing has revolutionized plant biology. Not only has our understanding of plant metabolism advanced using model systems and modern chromatography, but application of ‘omics’-based technology has been widely extended to non-model systems as costs have plummeted and efficiency increased. As a result, important fundamental questions relating to important horticultural crops are being answered, and novel approaches with application to industry are in progress. Here we review recent research advances on development and ripening of fruit crops, how next generation sequencing approaches are driving this advance and the emerging future landscape.