bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The glycoprotein Ten‐m3 mediates topography and patterning of thalamostriatal projections from the parafascicular nucleus in mice
Authors: Tran Heidi , Sawatari Atomu , Leamey Catherine A. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe striatum is the key input nucleus of the basal ganglia, and is implicated in motor control and learning. Despite the importance of striatal circuits, the mechanisms associated with their development are not well established. Previously, Ten‐m3, a member of the Ten‐m/teneurin/odz family of transmembrane glycoproteins, was found to be important in the mapping of binocular visual pathways. Here, we investigated a potential role for Ten‐m3 in striatal circuit formation. In situ hybridisation revealed a patchy distribution of Ten‐m3 mRNA expression superimposed on a high‐dorsal to low‐ventral gradient in a subregion of the striatal matrix. A survey of afferent/efferent structures associated with the matrix identified the parafascicular thalamic nucleus (PF) as a potential locus of action. Ten‐m3 was also found to be expressed in a high‐dorsal to low‐ventral gradient in the PF, corresponding topographically to its expression in the striatum. Further, a subset of thalamic terminal clusters overlapped with Ten‐m3‐positive domains within the striatal matrix. Studies in wild‐type (WT) and Ten‐m3 knockout (KO) mice revealed no differences in overall striatal or PF structure. Thalamostriatal terminals in KOs, however, while still confined to the matrix subregion, lost their clustered appearance. Topography was also altered, with terminals from the lateral PF projecting ectopically to ventral and medial striatum, rather than remaining confined dorsolaterally as in WTs. Behaviorally, Ten‐m3 KOs displayed delayed motor skill acquisition. This study demonstrates that Ten‐m3 plays a key role in directing the formation of thalamostriatal circuitry, the first molecular candidate reported to regulate connectivity within this pathway.
The Effect of Moonlight on Scopoli's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea Colony Attendance Patterns and Nocturnal Foraging: A Test of the Foraging Efficiency Hypothesis
Authors: Rubolini Diego , Maggini Ivan , Ambrosini Roberto , Imperio Simona , Paiva Vitor H. , Gaibani Giorgia , Saino Nicola , Cecere Jacopo G. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMoonlight is known to affect the nocturnal behaviour and activity rhythms of many organisms. For instance, predators active at night may take advantage from increased visibility afforded by the moon, while prey might regulate their activity patterns to become less detectable. Many species of pelagic seabirds attend their colony only at night, in complete darkness, avoiding approaching their nest sites under moonlight. This behaviour has been most often interpreted as an antipredator adaptation (‘predation avoidance’ hypothesis). However, it may also reflect a lower foraging efficiency during moonlit nights (‘foraging efficiency’ hypothesis). Indeed, moonlight may reduce prey availability because preferred seabird prey is known to occur at higher depths in moonlit nights. Using high‐accuracy behavioural information from data loggers, we investigated the effect of moonlight on colony attendance and at‐sea nocturnal foraging in breeding Scopoli's shearwaters Calonectris diomedea. We found that birds departing for self‐feeding trips around the full moon performed longer trips than those departing around the new moon. On nights when the moon was present only partly, nest burrow entrances took place largely in the moonless portion of the night. Moreover, contrary to predictions from the ‘foraging efficiency’ hypothesis, nocturnal foraging activity increased according to moonlight intensity, suggesting that birds increased their foraging activity when prey became more detectable. This study strengthens the idea that colony attendance behaviour is strictly controlled by moonlight in shearwaters, which is possibly related to the perception of a predation risk.
Visual Signals of Individual Quality in a European Solitary Founding Paper Wasp
Authors: Petrocelli Iacopo , Ricciardi Giulia , Rodrigues de Souza André , Ermanni Andrea , Ninu Andrea , Turillazzi Stefano 
Published: November 2014

AbstractConventional signals are maintained via social costs and commonly used in the animal kingdom to assess conspecifics' agonistic ability during disputes over resources. In the last decade, some experimental studies reported the existence of visual conventional signals in several social wasp species, being good rank predictors in different social contexts. Females of the social wasp Polistes gallicus do not cooperate to start nests but they often try to usurp conspecific nests. Here, we showed that the reproductive females of this species have variable facial colour patterns that function as conventional signals. Wasps with larger black spots on their clypeus are more likely to successfully overwinter, are larger, and are better at fighting and at holding a nest. Furthermore, in field experiments, resident foundresses rely on facial pattern to assess usurpers' fighting abilities, modulating their defence reaction accordingly, so that rivals with larger black spot receive more aggression than rivals with smaller or no black spots on the clypeus. Our study reveals that visual recognition abilities are widespread among paper wasps that, regardless of their social biology, face similar selective pressures within competitive contexts.
Phylogenetic placement of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi (Schwager, 1866) from methane seeps and non‐seep habitats on the Pacific margin
Authors: Burkett A. M. , Rathburn A. E. , Pérez M. E. , Levin L. A. , Cha H. , Rouse G. W. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBenthic foraminifera are among the most abundant groups found in deep‐sea habitats, including methane seep environments. Unlike many groups, no endemic foraminiferal species have been reported from methane seeps, and to our knowledge, genetic data are currently sparse for Pacific deep‐sea foraminifera. In an effort to understand the relationships between seep and non‐seep populations of the deep‐sea foraminifera Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi, a common paleo‐indicator species, specimens from methane seeps in the Pacific were analyzed and compared to one another for genetic similarities of small subunit rDNA (SSU rDNA) sequences. Pacific Ocean C. wuellerstorfi were also compared to those collected from other localities around the world (based on 18S gene available on Genbank, e.g., Schweizer et al., 2009). Results from this study revealed that C. wuellerstorfi living in seeps near Costa Rica and Hydrate Ridge are genetically similar to one another at the species level. Individuals collected from the same location that display opposite coiling directions (dextral and sinstral) had no species level genetic differences. Comparisons of specimens with genetic information available from Genbank (SSU rDNA) showed that Pacific individuals, collected for this study, are genetically similar to those previously analyzed from the North Atlantic and Antarctic. These observations provide strong evidence for the true cosmopolitan nature of C. wuellerstorfi and highlight the importance of understanding how these microscopic organisms are able to maintain sufficient genetic exchange to remain within the same species between seep and non‐seep habitats and over global distances.
Rethinking Domicide: Towards an Expanded Critical Geography of Home
Authors: Nowicki Mel 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDomicide, the intentional destruction of home, is a concept first conceived by Canadian geographers Porteous and Smith in 2001. In the current global sociopolitical landscape, domicide and its impact is writ large, present in both the Global North and South, and spanning a variety of scales, from mass displacement through the Syrian civil war to controversial UK housing policy. However, it has been under‐represented in critical geographies of home literature. This paper calls for a resurrection and recasting of the term, highlighting the multitude of contexts in which rethinking domicide provides an important contribution towards the expansion of critical geographies of home scholarship. The paper focuses on four areas of geography in which scholars have begun to explore and extend the term: emerging literature concerning homeunmaking; socio‐symbolic domicide in the geopolitical context; domicide and heteronormativity in post‐disaster home loss; and agency and resistance to domicide through both political activism and banal resistances of the everyday. In sum, this fourfold exploration highlights both the current and potential contributions of domicide towards expanding critical geographies of home.
The Protected Area as Enclave: Towards New Geographies of Tourism and Conservation
Authors: Kroeker‐Maus David 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe dramatic increase in protected areas worldwide and their use as sites of nature‐based tourism has provoked many postcolonial analyses of protected areas. This paper reviews the critical literature on protected areas, including the literatures that analyse the implication of tourism in legitimating protected areas. This paper employs a historical analysis of the use and creation of protected areas to problematise a strict postcolonial reading of protected areas and proposes the metageography of enclavisation as a new lens though which to analyse protected areas. This paper argues that treating protected areas as inter‐connected, ‘globalised’ enclaves comports with other developments within political geography (such as territorialisation and land grabbing) and opens up new possibilities for understanding the spatialities of protected areas.
Early diagnostic and prognostic utility of high‐sensitive troponin assays in acute myocardial infarction: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Li W.‐J. , Chen X.‐M. , Nie X.‐Y. , Lin X.‐X. , Cheng Y.‐J. , Hu C.‐H. , Du Z.‐M. , Dong Y.‐G. , Ma H. , Wu S.‐H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackground/AimTo determine the diagnostic and prognostic utility of high‐sensitive troponin assays in the very early phase of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (less than 3 h since symptoms onset) by performing a meta‐analysis of prospective studies.MethodsRelevant studies were identified by searches of MEDLINE and Elsevier Sciencedirect until 31 January 2014 and by reviewing the reference lists from retrieved articles. Prospective studies that reported diagnostic utility in AMI using both high‐sensitive troponin assays and conventional cardiac troponin, and reported the estimates of hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for prognostic utility were included. Data were extracted independently by two authors and summary estimates of association were obtained using a random effects model.ResultsOf the seven studies included, four studies reported the diagnostic utility of high‐sensitive troponin assays (2863 patients) and three reported the prognostic utility in AMI (2329 patients). Within 12 h of symptoms onset, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of high‐sensitive troponin assays were 0.89 (95% CI 0.85–0.91) and 0.89 (95% CI 0.85–0.92), respectively, and within 3 h, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of high‐sensitive troponin assays were 0.79 (95% CI 0.71–0.85) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.88–0.96) respectively. Compared with conventional cardiac troponin assays, the high‐sensitive troponin assays had higher sensitivity (0.89 vs 0.72) but lower specificity (0.89 vs 0.95) in diagnosing AMI within 12 h of symptoms onset. Within 3 h, the sensitivity of high‐sensitive troponin assays was still higher (0.79 vs 0.59), but the specificity was almost the same (0.92 vs 0.95) as that of conventional troponin assays. The elevated high‐sensitive troponin assays had an overall pooled HR of 2.66 (95% CI 1.31–5.44) and 2.14 (95% CI 1.15–3.98) for the end‐points of death and non‐fatal AMI respectively.ConclusionsThese findings provide quantitative data supporting high‐sensitive troponin assays having early diagnostic and prognostic utility in AMI.
Clinical benefits of a specialised clinic for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Beale A. , Macciocca I. , Olaussen A. , Marasco S. F. , Mariani J. A. , Ellims A. H. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common monogenic cardiac condition, with a range of investigation and management options available. Recent research has recommended management within multidisciplinary‐dedicated HCM centres.AimTo assess the clinical impact of attendance at a specialised clinic on the management of HCM.MethodsA retrospective study of patients attending the HCM Clinic @ The Alfred during the first 2 years of operation was performed. Outcome measures comprised improvements in management of HCM as a result of attending the clinic including risk stratification and further investigations, medication changes, referral for implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICD) and septal reduction therapy, and screening of first‐degree relatives (FDR).ResultsFollowing specialised clinic attendance, there was an increase in patients investigated with 24‐h Holter monitoring by 39%, stress echocardiography by 21% and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging by 70%. Medications were optimised in 47% of patients. Six per cent of patients underwent ICD implantation and 13% underwent septal myectomy. Seventy new FDR were screened identifying 10 new cases of HCM.ConclusionsAttendance at our specialised HCM clinic leads to facilitation of cardiac investigations, optimisation of medical therapy, streamlining of referrals for ICD implantation and septal reduction therapy, and improved family screening. Referral to a specialised clinic offering comprehensive management should be considered for all patients with HCM.
Improving nutritional care: innovation and good practice
Authors: Chapman Carol , Barker Mary , Lawrence Wendy 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimsThis paper presents examples of good practice in nutritional screening and care and identifies methods used to overcome contextual constraints and discusses the implications for nursing practice in hospitals.BackgroundNutritional screening is an important step in identifying those at risk of malnutrition, but does not produce improved nutritional care unless it results in a care plan that is acted on. The importance of nutrition and implications for clinical care make it imperative to improve practice.DesignQualitative investigation.MethodsBetween January 2011–February 2012, focus groups were held using a semi‐structured discussion guide with nine groups of health professionals (n = 80) from one hospital: four with nurses, three with doctors and two with dietitians. Discussions were audio‐recorded, transcribed and coded into themes and sub‐themes, which were then depicted in a thematic map and illustrated with verbatim quotes.FindingsThree strategies for sustaining effective nutritional practice emerged: establishing routines to ensure screening was undertaken; re‐organizing aspects of care to promote good practice; developing innovative approaches. Issues to be addressed were the perceived disconnection between mandatory screening and the delivery of effective care, a requirement for nutrition education, organizational constraints of a large university hospital and the complexities of multidisciplinary working.ConclusionProfessionals seeking to improve nutritional care in hospitals need to understand the interaction of system and person to facilitate change. Nursing staff need to be able to exercise autonomy and the hospital system must offer enough flexibility to allow wards to organize nutritional screening and care in a way that meets the needs of individual patients.
Spatial extent of biotic interactions affects species distribution and abundance in river networks: the freshwater pearl mussel and its hosts
Authors: Lois Sabela , Cowley David E. , Outeiro Adolfo , San Miguel Eduardo , Amaro Rafaela , Ondina Paz 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAimAt what spatial extent are biotic interactions discernible influences on the distribution and abundance of species in river networks? We address this question with analyses of data from river networks for Margaritifera margaritifera, a freshwater mussel that passes its larval stage attached to a host fish.LocationTwenty river networks in Galicia, north‐western Spain.MethodsA maximum‐entropy approach was implemented to model the species’ distribution. Geostatistical mixed models were used to analyse the mussel's abundance in dendritic river networks. Predictor variables included the abundance and biomass of host fish (biotic interactions) and abiotic predictors for climate, geology and land‐form.ResultsMaxent models of species distribution were improved by 4.5% in terms of the area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) by the inclusion of biotic interactions. Host‐fish predictors contributed 63% of the Maxent model prediction of mussel presence. A geostatistical mixed model explained 52% of the variance in mussel abundance when including all the mussel abundance sites in the study area; abiotic predictors had no significance and salmonid biomass and resident trout population density were the only significant biotic predictors, together explaining 2.4% of the variance. An autocovariate representing biotic interactions between mussels and fish explained 11.7% of the variance. Using only sites where migratory host fish were present (n = 149), a mixed model explained more variance (78%) and the contribution from the autocovariate for parasite–host interactions was about three times larger than for the model including all sites (n = 419). The spatial autocorrelation from mussel–fish interactions had a spatial extent (geostatistical range) greater than 15 km.Main conclusionsInteractions between mussels and their larval hosts in river networks are manifested in spatial patterns of species distribution and abundance in this region, encompassing 20 river networks. The directional topology of dendritic river networks strongly supports the upstream dispersal of mussels by parasitized host fish as a component of spatial autocorrelation in mussel abundance.
Euroscepticism and the Anglosphere: Traditions and Dilemmas in Contemporary English Nationalism
Authors: Wellings Ben , Baxendale Helen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBritish participation in the historical process of European integration has been persistently framed as a policy dilemma of the highest order. This dilemma was itself coloured by the existence of policy traditions that oriented Britain away from Europe and towards political communities tied to a historical interpretation of British nationality. Euroscepticism is symptomatic of these traditions and dilemmas while at the same time sustaining them. But Eurosceptics face a dilemma of their own. What serious alternative do they propose? The notion of the ‘Anglosphere’ was adopted on the Eurosceptic right of British politics as an alternative to European integration. As a politics of disengagement by the Cameron government played out in Europe, a policy of re‐engagement began with Britain's former Dominions. Here was a response to a political dilemma that not only used historical consciousness and political tradition as its point of departure, but as its place of destination too.
Assessment of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin–sulfonylurea combination: Results of a multicenter, cross‐sectional, observational study in Korea
Authors: Kim Sin Gon , Hahm Jong Ryeal , Kim Duk Kyu , Cho Sung Rae , Choi Dong Seop 
Published: November 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo assess the current status of glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea for >3 months, as measured by glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).Materials and MethodsData on patient demographics, diabetic complications, HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and type of treatment were collected in this multicenter, cross‐sectional, non‐interventional study.ResultsFrom April 2008 to February 2009, 5,628 patients were recruited from 299 centers in Korea. Patients characteristics (mean ± SD) were as follows: age 58.4 ± 10.8 years, duration of diabetes 6.1 ± 4.7 years, body mass index 24.7 ± 2.9 kg/m2, HbA1c 7.77 ± 1.22%, FBG 147.4 ± 46.5 mmol/L and FPG 164.0 ± 54.3 mmol/L. The most common diabetic complication was neuropathy (22.5%), followed by retinopathy (18.3%) and microalbuminuria (16.1%). Just 1,524 (27.1%) patients achieved HbA1c ≤7%. A higher number of patients (32.6%) treated by endocrinologists achieved HbA1c ≤7% than those treated by internists (24.4%) and primary care physicians (23.2%). In multivariate analyses, diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio 0.455, 95% confidence interval 0.341–0.606), nephropathy (odds ratio 0.639, 95% confidence interval 0.43–0.949), diabetes for ≥5 years (odds ratio 0.493, 95% confidence interval 0.4–0.606) and older age added by 1 year (odds ratio 1.019, 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.029) was significantly associated with achieving target HbA1c. In addition, treatment by endocrinologists rather than internists significantly increased chances of achieving target HbA1c (odds ratio 1.417, 95% confidence interval 1.146–1.751).ConclusionsThe majority of patients with type 2 diabetes in Korea had inadequate glycemic control, despite receiving a combination of metformin and sulfonylurea.
Evaluating the post‐copulatory sexual selection hypothesis for genital evolution reveals evidence for pleiotropic harm exerted by the male genital spines ofDrosophila ananassae
Authors: Grieshop K. , Polak M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe contemporary explanation for the rapid evolutionary diversification of animal genitalia is that such traits evolve by post‐copulatory sexual selection. Here, we test the hypothesis that the male genital spines ofDrosophila ananassaeplay an adaptive role in post‐copulatory sexual selection. Whereas previous work on twoDrosophilaspecies shows that these spines function inprecopulatory sexual selection to initiate genital coupling and promote male competitive copulation success, further research is needed to evaluate the potential forDrosophilagenital spines to have a post‐copulatory function. Using a precision micron‐scale laser surgery technique, we test the effect of spine length reduction on copulation duration, male competitive fertilization success, female fecundity and female remating behaviour. We find no evidence that male genital spines in this species have a post‐copulatory adaptive function. Instead, females mated to males with surgically reduced/blunted genital spines exhibited comparatively greater short‐term fecundity relative to those mated by control males, indicating that the natural (i.e. unaltered) form of the trait may be harmful to females. In the absence of an effect of genital spine reduction on measured components of post‐copulatory fitness, the harm seems to be a pleiotropic side effect rather than adaptive. Results are discussed in the context of sexual conflict mediating the evolution of male genital spines in this species and likely otherDrosophila.