bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics analysis of dual-axis positioning mechanism of satellite antenna with joint clearance
Authors: Feng Bai Zheng , Zhao Yang , Chen Jun 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The existence of clearance in joints of positioning mechanism is inevitable and the movements of the real mechanism are deflected from the ideal mechanism due to the clearances. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of clearance on the dynamic characteristics of dual-axis positioning mechanism of a satellite antenna.

Design/methodology/approach
– The dynamics analysis of dual-axis positioning mechanism with clearance are investigated using a computational approach based on virtual prototyping technology. The contact model in joint clearance is established by using a hybrid nonlinear continuous contact force model and the friction effect is considered by using a modified Coulomb friction model. Then the numerical simulation of dual-axis positioning mechanism with joint clearance is carried out and four case studies are implemented for different clearance sizes.

Findings
– Clearance leads to degradation of the dynamic performance of the system. The existence of clearance causes impact dynamic loads, and influences the motion accuracy and stability of the dual-axis positioning mechanism. Larger clearance induces higher frequency shakes and larger shake amplitudes, which will deteriorate positioning accuracy.

Practical implications
– Providing an effective and practical method to analyze dynamic characteristics of dual-axis positioning mechanism of satellite antenna with joint clearance and describing the dynamic characteristics of the dual-axis positioning system more realistically, which improves the engineering application.

Originality/value
– The paper is the basis of mechanism design, precision analysis and robust control system design of dual-axis positioning mechanism of satellite antenna.
The flutter of truncated conical shell subjected to internal supersonic air flow
Authors: Ruili Zhang , Zhichun Yang , Yang Gao 
Published: June 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose a new approach to determine the aeroelastic instability of truncated conical shells. In the proposed approach the governing equation of flutter for a truncated conical shell is established using Love's thin shell theory and the quasi-steady first-order piston theory.

Design/methodology/approach
– The derivatives in both the governing equations and the boundary conditions are discretized with the differential quadrature method, and the critical flutter chamber pressure is obtained by eigenvalue analysis.

Findings
– The influence of the shell geometry parameters, such as semi-cone angle, radius-thickness ratio and length-radius ratio, on the critical flutter chamber pressure is studied. Results are also presented to indicate the stabilizing effects of aerodynamic damping and the destabilizing effects of the curvature correction term of piston theory on flutter of truncated conical shell.

Originality/value
– The present approach is an efficient method for the free vibration and flutter analysis of truncated conical shells due to its high order of accuracy and less requirement of virtual storage and computational effort.
Between the hand and the head
Authors: Gherardi Silvia , Perrotta Manuela 
Published: June 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to add a new term to the vocabulary of practice-based studies: “formativeness”, which denotes the kind of knowledge that is generated in the process of realizing the object of the practice and that is discovered while the form of the object is being shaped. This term focuses the analysis on how the elements of a practice are held together, rather than on what elements are involved in a practice.Design/methodology/approach– Inspired by grounded theory, an empirical research study on craftswomen and their practical creativity (between the hand and the head) was designed. Storytelling was used in order to elicit the verbalization of the craftswomen's ways of knowing/doing, and the episodic interview was the technique employed to access and present the data.Findings– Formativeness can be described and interpreted as the effect of the following dimensions: the emergence of the object, the golden rule of realization, forming by hybridization, experimentation, playfulness, attachment to matter, and proper realization.Originality/value– The study's contribution may be evaluated in relation to how a vocabulary for describing and interpreting knowing-in-practice is constructed. Formativeness makes it possible to name the process by which ways of doing are discovered while activities are being performed. It contributes to a critique of representational knowledge, while offering an alternative line of inquiry.
p27kip1 deficiency accelerates dentin and alveolar bone formation
Authors: Yin Ying , Wang Qun , Sun Wen , Wang Yuli , Chen Ning , Miao Dengshun 
Published: June 2014

SummaryTo assess the role of p27kip1 in regulating dental formation and alveolar bone development, we compared the teeth and mandible phenotypes of homozygous p27kip1‐deficient (p27−/−) mice with their wild‐type littermates at 2 weeks of age. At 2 weeks of age, dental mineral density, dental volume and dentin sialoprotein‐immunopositive areas were increased significantly, whereas the predentin area : total dentin area and biglycan‐immunopositive area : dentin area ratios were decreased significantly in p27−/− mice compared with their wild‐type (WT) littermates. Mandible mineral density, cortical thickness, alveolar bone volume, type I collagen and osterix‐immunopositive areas, osteoblast number and activity and mRNA expression of Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin and bone morphogenetic protein (bmp2) were all significantly increased in the mandibles, as was the number and surface of tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase‐positive osteoclasts in the alveolar bone of p27−/− mice compared with their WT littermates. Furthermore, the percentage of proliferating cell nuclear antigen‐positive cells in Hertwig's epithelial root sheath and protein expression of cyclin E and cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 were increased significantly in p27−/− mice relative to their WT littermates. The results from this study indicate that p27 plays a negative regulatory role in dentin formation and alveolar bone development.
From National Interest to Global Reform: Patterns of Reasoning in British Foreign Policy Discourse
Authors: Humphreys Adam R. C. 
Published: June 2014

Research Highlights and Abstract This article Formulates an ideal-typical model for filling out the implicit content of claims about the national interest; Applies a theoretical perspective on the national interest to New Labour's foreign policy discourse, focusing especially on its approach to global order; Shows how Gordon Brown, especially, extended the content of the national interest well beyond its traditional association with national security, narrowly construed; Provides tools for interrogating claims about the national interest and for holding politicians to account in respect of such claims. Discussion of the national interest often focuses on how Britain's influence can be maximized, rather than on the goals that influence serves. Yet what gives content to claims about the national interest is the means-ends reasoning which links interests to deeper goals. In ideal-typical terms, this can take two forms. The first, and more common, approach is conservative: it infers national interests and the goals they advance from existing policies and commitments. The second is reformist: it starts by specifying national goals and then asks how they are best advanced under particular conditions. New Labour's foreign policy discourse is notable for its explicit use of a reformist approach. Indeed, Gordon Brown's vision of a ‘new global society’ not only identifies global reform as a key means of fulfilling national goals, but also thereby extends the concept of the national interest well beyond a narrow concern with national security.
Influence of temperature variations on growth, injury survival and inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in goat milk samples at laboratory scale
Authors: Migeemanathan Suguna , Bhat Rajeev , Wan‐Abdullah Wan‐Nadiah , Chye Fook Yee 
Published: June 2014

Transmission of the thermo‐tolerant pathogen Listeria monocytogenes via contaminated milk and its products, can lead to serious food‐borne illness. In this study, the effects of selected temperatures on survival, percentage injury and inactivation of L. monocytogenes in goat milk samples collected from two different farms were evaluated. Low temperature ranges (0, 5, 10 °C) had a bacteriostatic effect; while at temperatures of 25 and 45 °C, this pathogen grew luxuriantly. However, growth was comparatively slow at 15 °C throughout a 12‐h stress period. Furthermore, a high temperature range (50, 55, 60 and 65 °C) resulted in the elimination of this pathogen within 4 h of stress. Results of Scanning Electron Microscopy showed morphological changes in the cells upon induction of stress temperatures.
Who dispersed the seeds? The use of DNA barcoding in frugivory and seed dispersal studies
Authors: González‐Varo Juan P. , Arroyo Juan M. , Jordano Pedro 
Published: June 2014

Summary

Assessing dispersal events in plants faces important challenges and limitations. A methodological issue that limits advances in our understanding of seed dissemination by frugivorous animals is identifying ‘which species dispersed the seeds’. This is essential for assessing how multiple frugivore species contribute distinctly to critical dispersal events such as seed delivery to safe sites, long‐distance dispersal and the colonization of non‐occupied habitats.

Here, we describe DNA‐barcoding protocols successfully applied to bird‐dispersed seeds sampled in the field. Avian DNA was extracted from the surface of defecated or regurgitated seeds, allowing the identification of the frugivore species that contributed each dispersal event. Disperser species identification was based on a 464‐bp mitochondrial DNA region (COI: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I).

We illustrate the possible applications of this method with bird‐dispersed seeds sampled in the field. DNA‐barcoding provides a non‐invasive technique that allows quantifying frugivory and seed dispersal interaction networks, assessing the contribution of each frugivore species to seed rain in different microhabitats, and testing whether different frugivore species select different fruit/seed sizes.

DNA barcoding of animal‐dispersed seeds can resolve the distribution of dispersal services provided by diverse frugivore assemblages, allowing a robust and precise estimation of the different components of seed dispersal effectiveness, previously unattainable to traditional field studies at individual seed level. Given that seeds are sampled at the end of the dispersal process, this technique enables us to link the identity of the disperser species responsible for each dispersal event to plant traits and environmental features, thereby building a bridge between frugivory and seed deposition patterns.
Patient Throughput Benefits of Triage Liaison Providers Are Lost in a Resource‐neutral Model: A Prospective Trial
Authors: Nestler David M. , Halasy Michael P. , Fratzke Alesia R. , Church Christopher J. , Scanlan‐Hanson Lori N. , Lohse Christine M. , Campbell Ronna L. , Sadosty Annie T. , Hess Erik P. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectivesPatient throughput is an increasingly important cause of emergency department (ED) crowding. The authors previously reported shorter patient length of stay (LOS) when adding a triage liaison provider, which required additional personnel. Here, the objective was to evaluate the effect of moving a fast‐track provider to the triage liaison role.MethodsThis was a prospective observational before‐and‐after study design with predefined outcomes measures. A “standard staffing” situation (where an advanced practice provider staffed treatment rooms in the fast track) was compared with an advanced practice provider performing the triage liaison staffing role, with no additional staff. Eleven intervention (“triage liaison staffing”) days were compared with 11 matched control (“standard staffing”) days immediately preceding the intervention. Total LOS was measured for all adult Emergency Severity Index (ESI) 3, 4, and 5 patients (excluding behavioral health patients), and results were compared using Wilcoxon rank‐sum and chi‐square tests.ResultsA total of 681 patients registered on control days and 599 on intervention days. There was no significant difference in total patient LOS: median = 273 minutes, interquartile range (IQR) 176 to 384 minutes on intervention days versus median = 253 minutes, IQR = 175 to 365 minutes on control days (p = 0.20). There was no difference in left‐without‐being‐seen (LWBS) rates (n = 48, 7% on control days vs. n = 35, 6% on intervention days; p=0.38). Secondary analysis of only ESI 3 patients showed no difference in total LOS between periods (median = 284 minutes, IQR = 194 to 396 minutes on intervention days vs. median = 290 minutes, IQR = 217 to 397 minutes on control days; p = 0.22). There was, however, significantly greater total LOS for ESI 4 and 5 patients during the intervention period (median = 238 minutes, IQR = 124 to 350 minutes on intervention days vs. median = 192 minutes, IQR = 124 to 256 minutes on control days; p = 0.011).ConclusionsThe previously reported benefits on patient LOS and LWBS rates after adding a triage liaison (resource additive) were lost when that provider was moved from fast track to the triage role (resource neutral). While the triage liaison provider role may be a way to improve ED throughput when additional resources are available, as evidenced by our prior study, the triage liaison model itself does not appear to replace the staffing of treatment rooms, as evidenced by this study.
Striking subgroup differences in substance‐related mortality after release from prison
Authors: Forsyth Simon J. , Alati Rosa , Ober Coralie , Williams Gail M. , Kinner Stuart A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAimsTo compare the incidence, timing and risk factors for substance‐related death between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous ex‐prisoners in Queensland, Australia.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAll adult prisons in the state of Queensland, Australia, linked to deaths registered in Australia.Participants/casesWe obtained records for all adults released from prison in Queensland, Australia from 1 January 1994 to 31 December 2007. Among this cohort of 42 015 individuals we observed 82 315 releases from prison and 2158 deaths in the community by the end of 2007, of which 661 were substance‐related deaths.MeasurementsIncarceration data were obtained from Queensland Corrective Services and linked probabilistically with deaths recorded in the Australian National Death Index.FindingsIn the first year after release, Indigenous ex‐prisoners were more likely to die from alcohol‐related causes [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–3.1)] but less likely to die of drug‐related causes (HR = 0.34, 95%CI = 0.21–0.53) than were non‐Indigenous ex‐prisoners. Among non‐Indigenous prisoners only, the risk of substance‐related death was significantly higher in the first 4 weeks [relative risk (RR) = 5.1, 95% CI = 3.7–6.9] when compared with the risk after 1 year post‐release. Most evaluated risk factors for substance‐related death were similar for Indigenous and non‐Indigenous ex‐prisoners; however, the hazard of death increased with age more for Indigenous ex‐prisoners (HR = 1.7 per decade of age, 95% CI = 1.4–2.1) than for non‐Indigenous ex‐prisoners (HR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2–1.4).ConclusionsIn Australia, patterns of substance‐related death in ex‐prisoners differ markedly according to Indigenous status. Efforts to prevent substance‐related deaths in ex‐prisoners should consider heterogeneity in the target population and tailor responses accordingly.
The effects of intra‐operative dexmedetomidine on postoperative pain, side‐effects and recovery in colorectal surgery
Authors: Cheung C. W. , Qiu Q. , Ying A. C. L. , Choi S. W. , Law W. L. , Irwin M. G. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryIn this double‐blind, randomised study, 100 patients undergoing open or conventional laparoscopic colorectal surgery received an intra‐operative loading dose of dexmedetomidine 1 μg.kg−1 followed by an infusion of 0.5 μg.kg−1.h−1, or a bolus and infusion of saline 0.9% of equivalent volume. Forty‐six patients in the dexmedetomidine group and 50 in the saline group completed the study. The area under the curve of numerical rating scores for pain at rest for 1–48 h postoperatively was significantly lower in the patients receiving dexmedetomidine (p = 0.041). There was no difference in morphine consumption, duration of recovery ward or hospital stay. From the data obtained in this study, we calculated a number needed to treat for effective pain relief of 4. Intra‐operative dexmedetomidine in colorectal surgery resulted in a reduction in resting pain scores, but there was no morphine‐sparing effect or improvement in patients' recovery outcome measures.
Review article: the epidemiology and prevention of gastric cancer
Authors: Fock K. M. 
Published: June 2014

SummaryBackgroundGastric cancer can be divided into cardia and noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma (NCGA). Non cardia gastric cancer is a disease that has declined in global incidence but has remained as an extremely lethal cancer.AimTo review recent advances in epidemiology and strategies in prevention of non cardia gastric cancer.MethodsA rapid literature search strategy was developed for all English language literature published before March 2013. The search was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed and EMBASE. The search strategy included the keywords ‘stomach neoplasms’, ‘gastric cancer’, ‘epidemiology’, ‘risk factor’, ‘early detection of cancer’, ‘mass screening’, ‘cancer burden’, ‘prevention’ and ‘cost‐effectiveness’. The search strategy was adjusted according to different requirements for each database. The specific search was also performed in cancer‐related websites for country‐specific information. The search was limited to past 10 years.ResultsGastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer but the third leading cause of cancer death. The case fatality rate is 75%. Screening by radiological or endoscopic methods has limited success in prevention of gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori has been identified as a carcinogen, accounting for 60–70% of gastric cancer globally and eradication is a potential preventive measure. A meta‐analysis in 2009 demonstrated that individuals treated with H. pylori eradication therapy can reduce gastric cancer risk. The extended Shandong Intervention trial that lasted 14.3 years showed that H. pylori eradication therapy significantly reduced gastric cancer incidence by 39%. Consensus groups from Asia, Europe and Japan have recommended H. pylori eradication as primary prevention in high‐risk areas. Following eradication therapy, endoscopic surveillance of pre‐malignant lesions using enhanced imaging appears to be another promising preventive strategy.ConclusionsGastric cancer remains a major diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. There is emerging evidence that H. pylori eradication in high gastric cancer regions can lead to a decline in the incidence of this highly lethal disease.
Bipolar disorder, miscarriage, and termination
Authors: Di Florio Arianna , Jones Lisa , Forty Liz , Gordon‐Smith Katherine , Craddock Nick , Jones Ian 
Published: June 2014

ObjectivesTo compare rates of bipolar episodes following miscarriage and termination with those occurring in the postpartum period.MethodsInformation in relation to pregnancy and childbirth was gathered retrospectively for 1,283 women with broadly defined bipolar disorder by interview and case‐notes review.ResultsRates of mania or affective psychosis were significantly higher after full‐term delivery than after termination (p < 0.001) or miscarriage (p < 0.001). Rates of non‐psychotic major depression were similar following full‐term deliveries, miscarriages (p = 0.362), and terminations (p = 0.301).ConclusionsWhile women with bipolar disorder and their clinicians should be aware of the possible onset of depression in the weeks following miscarriage or termination, episodes of mania or affective psychosis are less common in comparison with the high rates observed in the postpartum period.
Low anti‐RhD IgG‐Fc‐fucosylation in pregnancy: a new variable predicting severity in haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn
Authors: Kapur Rick , Della Valle Luciana , Sonneveld Myrthe , Hipgrave Ederveen Agnes , Visser Remco , Ligthart Peter , de Haas Masja , Wuhrer Manfred , van der Schoot C. Ellen , Vidarsson Gestur 
Published: June 2014

SummaryHaemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) may occur when maternal IgG antibodies against red blood cells (RBCs), often anti‐RhD (anti‐D) antibodies, cross the placenta and mediate the destruction of RBCs via phagocytic IgG‐Fc‐receptors (FcγR). Clinical severity is not strictly related to titre and is more accurately predicted by the diagnostically‐applied monocyte‐based antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), a sensitive test with relatively low specificity. This suggests that other factors are involved in the pathogenesis of HDFN. Binding of IgG to FcγR requires the N‐linked glycan at position 297 in the IgG‐Fc‐region, consisting of several different glycoforms. We therefore systematically analysed IgG‐derived glycopeptides by mass spectrometry from 70 anti‐D IgG1 antibodies purified from the plasma of alloimmunized pregnant women. This revealed a variable decrease in Fc‐fucosylation in the majority of anti‐D IgG1 (even down to 12%), whereas the total IgG of these patients remained highly fucosylated, like in healthy individuals (>90%). The degree of anti‐D fucosylation correlated significantly with CD16 (FcγRIIIa)‐mediated ADCC, in agreement with increased affinity of defucosylated IgG to human FcγRIIIa. Additionally, low anti‐D fucosylation correlated significantly with low fetal‐neonatal haemoglobin levels, thus with increased haemolysis, suggesting IgG‐fucosylation to be an important pathological feature in HDFN with diagnostic potential.
Understanding the impact of special health care needs on early school functioning: a conceptual model
Authors: O'Connor M. , Howell‐Meurs S. , Kvalsvig A. , Goldfeld S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractChildren with special health care needs (SHCN) have or are at increased risk for a chronic condition that necessitates more health and related supports than their peers. While it is generally accepted that these children are at risk for school failure, the mechanisms through which SHCN impact on children's experiences (and therefore opportunities to intervene) at school are still relatively poorly understood. Based on the current literature, this paper provides a conceptual framework to guide further discussion of this issue in research, policy and practice. Evidence from the literature was reviewed and existing frameworks examined. We propose that SHCN impact on four interrelated domains of children's functioning: (1) body functions and structures; (2) activities of daily living; (3) social participation; and (4) educational participation. Children's functioning is further influenced by risk and protective factors that can be identified at the level of the child, family and service systems. Together, these processes contribute to shaping either positive or negative trajectories of school functioning. The mechanisms influencing school experiences for children with special health care needs are complex, with opportunities for positive interventions at a range of levels. The proposed conceptual model provides an accessible tool for guiding discussion of the support needs of this vulnerable population.