bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preface
Authors: Puskas Judit E. 
Published: March 2014

The IUPAC International Symposium on Ionic Polymerization (IP 2011), was held in Akron, Ohio 10-15 July 2011. We welcomed 165 participants from 18 countries. This was a "homecoming"-the symposium series was initiated by Prof. Joseph P. Kennedy in 1976. This biannual event travelled around the globe, and after 35 years it came back to the University of Akron, the global leader in polymer research. The symposium was co-chaired by Judit E. Puskas from the University of Akron and Robson F. Storey from the University of Southern Mississippi. It started with a mini-symposium honoring the honorary chair, Prof. Kennedy, with international leaders as speakers.The symposium covered a broad range of topics. A unique feature of the symposium was a session devoted to "rising stars" in the field of ionic polymerizations. This volume presents papers based on presentations from that session. We hope to see the rising stars as the next leaders in the field.Judit E. PuskasConference Co-Chair
Filling up the glass: A look atthe historiography of screenwriting
Authors: Stempel Tom 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This article covers the historiography of screenwriting over the past 60 years, discussing whether there has developed a critical mass of scholars, writers, and publishers in the area. It begins with writings in the fifties, sixties and seventies by such writers as Pauline Kael and Richard Corliss, then spends time with the author’s experiences in writing about the history of screenwriting, and the problems he faced dealing with publishers. From there, the article moves on to the development of books about the history of screenwriting and screenwriters. There is a brief history of the rise, death and revival of Creative Screenwriting, which started as an academic journal and evolved into a magazine. The article notes that non-American academics got into the field earlier and in more depth than the Americans. The reasons American academia avoided the study of screenwriting are discussed, as is the recent growing involvement of American academics in the field.
Insulinoma in childhood: clinical, radiological, molecular and histological aspects of nine patients
Authors: Padidela Raja , Fiest Miriam , Arya Ved , Smith Virpi V , Ashworth Michael , Rampling Dyanne , Newbould Melanie , Batra Gauri , James Jacqueline , Wright Neville B , Dunne Mark J , Clayton Peter E , Banerjee Indraneel , Hussain Khalid 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundInsulinomas are a rare cause of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH) in children. The clinical features, investigations, management and histology of these rare pancreatic tumours in children have not been described in a large cohort of patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of cases diagnosed between 2000 and 2012, presenting to two referral centres in the United Kingdom. Clinical, biochemical, imaging (magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 6-l-18F-fluorodihydroxyphenylalanine (18F-DOPA) PET/CT scanning) and histological data were collected.ResultsNine children (age range 2–14.5 years) were diagnosed during the study period at Great Ormond Street Hospital (n=5) and Royal Manchester Children's Hospital (n=4). The combination of abdominal MRI scan (7/8) and18F-DOPA PET/CT scan (2/4) correctly localised the anatomical location of all insulinomas. Before surgery, diazoxide therapy was used to treat hypoglycaemia, but only four patients responded. After surgical resection of the insulinoma, hypoglycaemia resolved in all patients. The anatomical localisation of the insulinoma in each patient was head (n=4), uncinate process (n=4) and tail (n=2, one second lesion) of the pancreas. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of insulinoma with the presence of sheets and trabeculae of epithelioid and spindle cells staining strongly for insulin and proinsulin, but not for glucagon or somatostatin. Two children were positive forMEN1, one of whom had two separate insulinoma lesions within the pancreas.ConclusionsWe describe a cohort of paediatric insulinoma patients. Although rare, insulinomas should be included in the differential diagnosis of HH, even in very young children. In the absence of a single imaging modality in the preoperative period, localisation of the tumour is achieved by combining imaging techniques, both conventional and functional.
Applications for Oncologic Drugs: A Descriptive Analysis of the Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee Reviews
Authors: Chan John K. , Kiet Tuyen K. , Monk Bradley J. , Young-Lin Nichole , Blansit Kevin , Kapp Daniel S. , Amanam Idoroenyi 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background
Despite advances in cancer research, the majority of drug applications submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are not approved. It is important to identify the concerns of the Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) from rejected applications.

Methods
All applications referred to the ODAC from 2001 to 2012 were reviewed.

Results
Of 46 applications, 31 (67%) were for full and 15 (33%) were for supplemental approval, 34 (74%) were for solid and 12 (26%) were for hematologic tumors. In all, 22 (48%) were not approved. ODAC comments addressed missing or inadequate data (65%), excessive toxicity (55%), inappropriate study endpoints (45%), poor study design (40%), and insufficient sample size (30%). To define efficacy, 19 applications used response rates (RR) (median = 38%), and 19 applications used hazard ratios (HR) (median = 0.67). For all organ systems combined, the median cumulative grade 3 or 4 toxicity was 64%. Drugs with higher RR, lower HR, and lower toxicity were more likely to be approved versus other drugs (89% vs. 45%; p = .02). Over time (2001–2004, 2005–2008, 2009–2012), there was an increase in the following: number of applications submitted for review (from 11 to 12 to 23, respectively), number of approvals (from 6 to 6 to 12, respectively), and proportion of trials using progression-free survival as a primary endpoint (from 0% to 50% to 70%, respectively; p = .01).

Conclusion.
Of all applications, common ODAC concerns included inadequate data, excessive toxicity, and inappropriate study endpoints. Over time, there was an approximate doubling of FDA application submissions and approved oncology drugs.
Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Attenuates the Acceleration of Gastric Emptying Induced by Hypoglycemia in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Plummer Mark P. , Jones Karen L. , Annink Chris E. , Cousins Caroline E. , Meier Juris J. , Chapman Marianne J. , Horowitz Michael , Deane Adam M. 
Published: March 2014

OBJECTIVE
Exogenous GLP-1 slows gastric emptying in health and diabetes leading to diminished glycemic excursions. Gastric emptying is markedly accelerated by hypoglycemia. The primary objective was to determine whether GLP-1 attenuates the acceleration of gastric emptying induced by hypoglycemia.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Ten healthy volunteers were studied on four separate days in a randomized double-blind fashion. Blood glucose was stabilized using a glucose/insulin clamp at hypoglycemia (2.6 mmol/L on two occasions [hypo]) or euglycemia (6.0 mmol/L on two occasions [eu]) between T = −15 and 45 min before clamping at 6.0 mmol/L until 180 min. During hypoglycemia and euglycemia, subjects received intravenous GLP-1 (1.2 pmol/kg/min) or placebo. At T = 0 min, subjects ingested 100 g beef mince labeled with 20 MBq 99mTc-sulfur-colloid and 3 g of 3-O-methyl-glucose (3-OMG), a marker of glucose absorption. Gastric emptying was measured scintigraphically from T = 0 to 180 min and serum 3-OMG taken at 15-min intervals. The areas under the curve for gastric emptying and 3-OMG concentration were analyzed using one-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni-Holm adjusted post hoc tests.

RESULTS
Gastric emptying was accelerated during hypoglycemia (hypo/placebo vs. eu/placebo; P &lt; 0.001), as was glucose absorption (P &lt; 0.03). GLP-1 slowed emptying during euglycemia (eu/placebo vs. eu/GLP-1; P &lt; 0.001). However, hypoglycemia-induced acceleration of gastric emptying on placebo was markedly diminished by GLP-1 (hypo/placebo vs. hypo/GLP-1; P &lt; 0.008), as was glucose absorption (P &lt; 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
Acute administration of exogenous GLP-1 attenuates, but does not abolish, the acceleration of gastric emptying by insulin-induced hypoglycemia in healthy subjects.
Tissue-Specific Microvascular Endothelial Cells Show Distinct Capacity To Activate NK Cells: Implications for the Pathophysiology of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: Tognarelli Sara , Gayet Julie , Lambert Marion , Dupuy Stéphanie , Karras Alexandre , Cohen Pascal , Guillevin Loïc , de Menthon Mathilde , Caillat-Zucman Sophie 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
The relevance of tissue specificity of microvascular endothelial cells (MECs) in the response to inflammatory stimuli and sensitivity to immune cell–mediated injury is not well defined. We hypothesized that such MEC characteristics might shape their interaction with NK cells through the use of different adhesion molecules and NK cell receptor ligands or the release of different soluble factors and render them more or less vulnerable to NK cell injury during autoimmune vasculitis, such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). To generate a comprehensive expression profile of human MECs of renal, lung, and dermal tissue origin, we characterized, in detail, their response to inflammatory cytokines and to proteinase 3, a major autoantigen in GPA, and analyzed the effects on NK cell activation. In this study, we show that renal MECs were more susceptible than lung and dermal MECs to the effect of inflammatory signals, showing upregulation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 on their surface, as well as release of CCL2, soluble fractalkine, and soluble VCAM-1. Proteinase 3–stimulated renal and lung MECs triggered CD107a degranulation in control NK cell. Notably, NK cells from GPA patients expressed markers of recent in vivo activation (CD69, CD107a), degranulated more efficiently than did control NK cells in the presence of renal MECs, and induced direct killing of renal MECs in vitro. These results suggest that, upon inflammatory conditions in GPA, renal MECs may contribute to the recruitment and activation of NK cells in the target vessel wall, which may participate in the necrotizing vasculitis of the kidney during this disease.
Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies: A Focus on the Mycophenolic Acid Preparations
Authors: Rostas Sara , Kim Miae , Gabardi Steven 
Published: March 2014

Objective To review risks associated with mycophenolic acid (MPA) preparations and evaluate their required risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS) elements. Data Sources and Extraction Articles were identified through a non–date-limited MEDLINE and EMBASE search using the terms fetal toxicity, teratogenicity, risk evaluation and mitigation strategies, REMS, MPA, mycophenolate mofetil, enteric-coated MPA, and organ transplant. Information from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the manufacturers of the MPA preparations was also evaluated. Data Synthesis The MPA preparations are associated with several potential risks, including gastrointestinal disturbances and myelosuppression; however, their impact on the fetus in pregnant patients taking 1 of these agents poses the greatest risk. The FDA approved REMS programs for all MPA products, both innovator and generic preparations, in September 2012. With evidence of increased risk of miscarriage and birth defects associated with MPA use, the FDA instituted a REMS program that contains both a medication guide and elements to assure safe use (ETASU). Conclusion The medication guides for the MPA products, which were previously FDA approved, should continue to be distributed to patients who get either an initial prescription filled or a refill. The ETASU requires prescribers to complete training and obtain patient signatures on the Patient-Prescriber Acknowledgment Form. A single, national, voluntary pregnancy registry specific to this medication has been established, and pregnant patients should be encouraged to participate. Although the impact of the MPA REMS on clinical practice is not clear, it is a step toward increasing the understanding of fetal risks with MPA.
Effect of water‐absorbing nanospheres on antistatic property of isotactic polypropylene fibers
Authors: Liu Hongxing , Tang Jianguo , Wang Yao , Huang Linjun , Wang Yanxin , Jiao Jiqing , Liu Jixian , Xin Zhichao , Belfiore Laurence A. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, novel antistatic isotactic polypropylene (iPP) fibers were prepared through adding ternary polymer water‐absorbing nanospheres (TPWANs) into iPP melt in melt spinning process. The TPWANs were synthesized through emulsion copolymerization of styrene (St), butyl acrylate (BA), and sodium allylsulfonate (SAS). The characterization results of Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT‐IR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) confirmed the ternary components in this copolymer. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicated the nanospherical shape of TPWANs with the characteristics of 80–90 nm size range of diameter and good dispersion in iPP fibers. The volume resistance of iPP fibers decreased by three orders from 1012 to 109 Ω cm when the 6 wt % TPWANs was added into iPP fibers, indicating that the blend fibers have good antistatic property. Most importantly, the nanospherical structure of TPWANs imparts both the compatibility and antistatic property into the blend iPP fibers. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40568.
Effect of chicken‐feather protein‐based flame retardant on flame retarding performance of cotton fabric
Authors: Wang Xueyan , Lu Changqin , Chen Chenxiao 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA new kind of eco‐friendly chicken‐feather protein‐based phosphorus–nitrogen‐containing flame retardant was synthesized successfully with chicken‐feather protein, melamine, sodium pyrophosphate, and glyoxal. And its structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the thermogravimetry of the agent was analyzed. Then the flame retarding performances of the chicken‐feather protein‐based flame retardant and in combination with the borax and boric acid in application to a woven cotton fabric were investigated by the vertical flammability test and limited oxygen index test. In addition, the surface morphologies of the treated and untreated fabrics were conducted by the scanning electron micrographs (SEM), and the thermogravimetric analyses of the treated and untreated cotton were explored, and the surface morphologies of char areas of the treated and untreated fabrics after burnt were tested by the SEM. The results showed that the flame retardancy of the cotton fabric treated by the chicken‐feather protein‐based flame retardant in combination with borax and boric acid was improved further, and the combination of the chicken‐feather protein‐based flame retardant and borax and boric acid could facilitate to form a homogenous and compact intumescing char layer, and the combination of them plays a good synergistic effect in the improvement of the flame retardancy of the treated cotton fabric. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40584.
An online guided e‐journal exercise in pre‐clerkship years: Oxidative phosphorylation in brown adipose tissue
Authors: Abali Emine Ercikan , Phadtare Sangita , Galt Jim , Brodsky Barbara 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe rationale for this mandatory, guided online e‐journal exercise is to foster the ability of students to independently read medical and scientific literature in a critical manner and to integrate journal reading with their basic science knowledge. After a lecture on oxidative phosphorylation, students were assigned to read an article on brown adipose tissue published in New England Journal of Medicine and were guided to analyze the article by answering online questions. After two iterations, student surveys about the project, its key pedagogical features, and ways to improve it suggest that the students perceived these exercises as active learning, which is clinically relevant and built on their course material. Furthermore, students agreed that the e‐journal project was useful for learning how to read an article, for reviewing the material learned in class, and for promoting evidence‐based medicine. This online e‐journal exercise models some aspects students will experience as future physicians, where it is essential to keep up with literature and extract relevant information on a tight physician's schedule. This study demonstrated the usefulness of guided e‐journal exercises as a simple effective active teaching tool for preclinical medical students, which can also be used for prehealth undergraduate programs. © 2014 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(3):XXXXX–XXXXX, 2014.
Problem‐solving test: The mechanism of poliovirus‐induced block of host protein synthesis in human cells
Authors: Szeberényi József 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTerms to be familiar with before you start to solve the test: translation/protein synthesis, 5'‐cap, internal ribosome entry site, initiation of translation, [35S]methionine, SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, autoradiography, Western blotting, proteases. © 2014 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(3):XXXXX–XXXXX, 2014.
Coulomb Explosion Imaged Cryptochiral (R,R)‐2,3‐Dideuterooxirane: Unambiguous Access to the Absolute Configuration of (+)‐Glyceraldehyde
Authors: Zawatzky Kerstin , Herwig Philipp , Grieser Manfred , Heber Oded , Jordon‐Thaden Brandon , Krantz Claude , Novotný Oldřich , Repnow Roland , Schurig Volker , Schwalm Dirk , Vager Zeev , Wolf Andreas , Kreckel Holger , Trapp Oliver 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe absolute configuration of (R,R)‐2,3‐dideuterooxirane, which has been independently determined using Coulomb explosion imaging, has been unambiguously chemically correlated with the stereochemical key reference (+)‐glyceraldehyde. This puts the absolute configuration of D(+)‐glyceraldehyde on firm experimental grounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Single Crystal Structure of Sodium Octahydrotriborate, NaB3H8.
Authors: Dunbar Andrew C. , Macor Joseph A. , Girolami Gregory S. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe title compound is prepared by a modified synthesis involving the reduction of BH3·THF with Na dispersed on silica gel (‐10 °C), removal of THF, and extraction by Et2O.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual Metallic Oxygen Cluster Consisting of a {AlMo12O40(MoO2)2}.
Authors: Han Zhan‐Gang , Chang Xiao‐Qing , Yan Jin‐Shuang , Gong Kai‐Ning , Zhao Chuan , Zhai Xue‐Liang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe novel MoVIO2‐bicapped α‐Keggin‐type {AlMo12O40} cluster compound (III) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P$\bar 1$ with Z = 2 (single crystal XRD).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Fluorinating Agent Through Topochemical Fluorination of Co—Fe Layered Double Hydroxides.
Authors: Louvain Nicolas , Peyroux Jeremy , Dubois Marc , Simond Wikenson , Leroux Fabrice 
Published: March 2014

AbstractCo0.60Fe0.40F3, solid solutions are obtained through topochemical reactions of Co2FeCl(OH)6 layered double hydroxide with F2 (F‐passivated Ni boats in Ni reactor, 400 °C, 15 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal and Electronic Structure of the Lithium‐Rich Silver Silicide Li12Ag1‐xSi4 (x = 0.15).
Authors: Slabon Adam , Budnyk Serhiy , Cuervo‐Reyes Eduardo , Woerle Michael , Verel Rene , Nesper Reinhard 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe new Zintl phase of title is synthesized from the elements (Nb crucible, 650 °C, 8 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral β‐Aryl‐α,β‐unsaturated Amino Alcohols via a Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Amination
Authors: Quan Mao , Butt Nicholas , Shen Jiefeng , Shen Kaiji , Liu Delong , Zhang Wanbin 
Published: March 2014

Abstractusing 1,2‐disubstituted planar‐chiral ferrocena‐based phosphino‐oxazoline ligands
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Cyanotrifluoromethylation of Styrenes Using the Togni Reagent.
Authors: Ilchenko Nadia O. , Janson Paer G. , Szabo Kalman J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTreatment of styrenes (I) with Togni reagent (I) and CuCN in the presence of PCy3 as catalyst leads to desired trifluoromethyl nitriles (IV) in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fluorinated Malonamides and Use in L/L Extraction of f‐Elements.
Authors: Dul Marie‐Claire , Bourgeois Damien , Maynadie Jerome , Meyer Daniel 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAlkylation of malondiamides with alkyl iodides gives only low yields of the corresponding alkylated derivatives, especially for the fluoroalkyl derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploiting Pseudo C2‐Symmetry for an Efficient Synthesis of the F‐Ring of the Spongistatins.
Authors: Tanis Paul S. , Infantine Joshua R. , Leighton James L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA cross‐metathesis and Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation reaction gives an easy access to compound (IV), which can be further converted to the title F‐Ring (V) in five steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Aldehyde‐Selective Wacker‐Type Oxidation of Unbiased Alkenes Enabled by a Nitrite Co‐Catalyst.
Authors: Wickens Zachary K. , Morandi Bill , Grubbs Robert H. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA Wacker‐type oxidation of unbiased alkenes (I) affords the anti‐Markovnikov aldehyde products (II) as major products.
ChemInform Abstract: A Stereoselective Approach to Functionalized Cyclohexenones.
Authors: Meister Anne C. , Sauter Paul E. , Braese Stefan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractShort pathways towards the synthesis of highly enantio‐enriched 4‐hydroxy‐6‐methylcyclohex‐2‐enone (IV) are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Oxidative C(CO)—C(Methyl) Bond Cleavage of Methyl Ketones to Aldehydes Catalyzed by CuI with Molecular Oxygen.
Authors: Zhang Lin , Bi Xihe , Guan Xiaoxue , Li Xingqi , Liu Qun , Barry Badru‐Deen , Liao Peiqiu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA wide range of aromatic methyl ketones as well as aliphatic methyl ketones are subjected to the copper‐catalyzed oxidative cleavage of the C(CO)‐C(CH3) bond to yield the corresponding aldehydes.The oxidation terminates at the aldehyde stage and can be considered as an unprecedented dehydrogenation of saturated aliphatics.
ChemInform Abstract: nBu4NI‐Catalyzed Oxidative Amidation of Aldehydes with Tertiary Amines.
Authors: Wang Shan , Wang Jian , Guo Rui , Wang Gao , Chen Shan‐Yong , Yu Xiao‐Qi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA novel oxidative amidation reaction of aldehydes with different tertiary amines in the presence of excess tBuOOH and Bu4NI as catalyst is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Straightforward Synthesis of 2(3),6,6‐Trimethyl‐6,7‐dihydrobenzofuran‐4(5H)‐ones.
Authors: Yusifov Niftali N. , Ismayilov Valeh M. , Sadigova Nurlana D. , Kopylovich Maximilian N. , Mahmudov Kamran T. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDepending on the reaction temperature, alkylation products (III) and (IV) or the corresponding cyclization products (V) and (VI) are formed when dimedone (I) is reacted with trihalopropanes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Beneficial Effect of Carboxylic Acid Additives on the Pd‐Catalyzed Intramolecular N‐Arylation of 2‐Amino‐3‐(2‐chlorophenylsulfonyl)pyrroles.
Authors: Moon Perounsack X. , Stephens Chad E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe effect of carboxylic acids as additives for the Pd‐catalyzed cyclization of 2‐aminopyrroles (I) to thiazine derivatives (II) is investigated and phenylacetic acid shows the optimal efficiency with respect to reaction times and yields.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Carboxy‐pyrazolinalanine as a New Scaffold for Developing Potent and Selective NMDA Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Tamborini Lucia , Pinto Andrea , Mastronardi Federica , Iannuzzi Maria C. , Cullia Gregorio , Nielsen Birgitte , De Micheli Carlo , Conti Paola 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA synthetic method is presented for the preparation of title compounds (II) and (III) which may serve as starting material for new N‐substituted derivatives such as (VI) or (VII).