bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
George Duke, Dummett on Abstract Objects
Authors: Hale Bob 
Published: September 2013

Review of G. Duke: Dummett on Abstract Objects ReferencesG. Frege. Über Sinn und Bedeutung. Zeitschrift für Philosophie und philosophische Kritik, 100, 25–50, 1892. Translated in G.Frege, Collected Papers on Mathematics, Logic and Philosophy, edited by B. McGuinness. Oxford, Basil Blackwell, 157–77.G. Frege. Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik. Breslau, Verlag von W. Koebner, 1884. Translated by J.L. Austin as The Foundations of Arithmetic, Oxford, Basil Blackwell, second revised edition 1953.M. Dummett. Frege: Philosophy of Language. London, Duckworth, 1973.M. Dummett. Frege: Philosophy of Mathematics. London: Duckworth, 1991.B. Hale. Abstract Objects. Oxford: Basil Blackwells, 1987.B. Hale. Dummett's critique of Wright's attempt to resuscitate Frege. Philosophia Mathematica 2 (2):122–47 , 1994http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/philmat/2.2.122B. Hale and C. Wright. The Reason's Proper Study: Essays towards a Neo-Fregean Philosophy of Mathematics. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2001.B. Hale and C. Wright. The Metaontology of Abstraction. In D. Chalmers, D. Manley & R. Wasserman, editors, Metametaphysics: New essays on the Foundations of Ontology. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 178–213, 2009.C. Wright. Frege’s Conception of Numbers as Objects. Scots Philosophical Monographs. Aberdeen, Aberdeen University Press, 1983.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Bis‐Alkynylation Reaction of Aromatic Aldehydes with Alkynylsilanes
Authors: Rubial Belén , Ballesteros Alfredo , González José M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe first successful gold(I)‐catalyzed reaction of aryl aldehydes with trimethyl(arylethynyl)silanes to furnish bis‐alkynylated derivatives is reported. Key CC bond‐forming events involved in the catalytic cycle are analyzed.magnified image
An Effective Dual Copper‐ and Sulfide‐Catalytic System for the Epoxidation of Aldehydes with Phenyldiazomethane
Authors: Pereira Ana , Martín Carmen , Maya Celia , Belderrain Tomás R. , Pérez Pedro J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractEpoxides have been obtained from aldehydes and phenyldiazomethane using catalytic amounts of both the copper homoscorpionate complexes TpxCuL (Tpx=homoscorpionate ligand; L=acetonitrile or tetrahydrofuran, THF) and dimethyl sulfide (SMe2) in high yields and diasteroselectivities, and with activities higher (TOF=46 h−1) than those already known with rhodium‐ or copper‐based catalysts. Among the copper(I) homoscorpionate complexes tested, TpBr3Cu(NCCH3) showed the highest catalytic activity under mild conditions. The catalytic activity is controlled by electronic effects induced by the Tpxligand as well as by the stability of the TpxCu(SR2) adducts. Indeed, in the case of TpMsas ligand, the TpMsCu(THT) (THT=tetrahydrothiophene) and TpMsCu(SMe2) species could be isolated as very stable crystalline solids, the molecular structure of the former being confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Thein situgeneration of PhCHN2from benzaldehyde tosylhydrazone sodium salt at 60 °C in methyltert‐butyl ether as solvent and TpMsCu(THF) as the catalyst also showed high catalytic activities, improving those already reported with copper‐based catalysts.magnified image
Oxidation and adsorption of arsenic species by means of hybrid polymer containing manganese oxides
Authors: Ociński Daniel , Jacukowicz‐Sobala Irena , Kociołek‐Balawejder Elżbieta 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this work was a comprehensive study of the oxidative and sorptive properties of a hybrid polymer containing manganese oxide toward As(III) and As(V). A poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene) copolymer containing oxidative functional groups (SO2NBrNa) was used as the supporting material for MnO2. The inorganic component was deposited as a result of the oxidation reaction of Mn(II) with oxidative groups of the host polymer. The surface of the polymer matrix was evenly covered with a thin layer of manganese oxide. The obtained product (R/S/Mn) exhibited high oxidative capacity over a wide pH range (2–12); however, under acidic and neutral conditions, the reaction ran significantly faster. The studied material shows some sorption properties but its sorption capacity is much lower than its oxidation capacity. The treatment, in a column regime, of the arsenic solution containing 1 mg As(III) dm−3 and coexisting ions in concentrations similar to those in natural waters, confirmed the excellent oxidation capacity of the obtained product. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39489.
Characterization and use of ultraviolet‐reactive low‐molecular‐weight polyhydroxybutyrate to prepare biodegradable acrylates
Authors: Hong Shinn‐Gwo , Hsu Heng‐Wei , Ye Min‐Tzung 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe characterizations of prepared low‐molecular‐weight polyhydroxybutyrate (LMWPHB) and the properties of LMWPHB photopolymerized with hydrophilic and hydrophobic acrylic monomers were studied with1H‐NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Instron tensile testing, and biodegradation tests. The results of1H‐NMR and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that the prepared LMWPHB had transformed unsaturated ends that were photoreactive under UV light. The tensile strengths of the LMWPHB/acrylates decreased with increasing content of the added biodegradable LMWPHB because of the relatively long chains and large equivalent molar weights of LMWPHB. However, the flexibility of LMWPHB/acrylates changed differently with the type of acrylic monomer used. The LMWPHB/hydrophilic acrylate had a much more rapid biodegradation rate than the LMWPHB/hydrophobic acrylate because of the fast penetration of microorganisms. We demonstrated that the prepared LMWPHB could be used to control the biodegradation properties of acrylates and then could potentially be applied in biomedical fields. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2014,131, 39501.
Morphology, rheology, crystallization behavior, and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(butylene succinate)/dicumyl peroxide reactive blends
Authors: Ji Deyun , Liu Zhengying , Lan Xiaorong , Wu Feng , Xie Banghu , Yang Mingbo 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe reactive blends were prepared by the blending of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as a radical initiator in the melt state. The gel fractions, morphologies, crystallization behaviors, and rheological and mechanical properties of the reactive blends were investigated. Some crosslinked/branched structures were formed according to the rheological measurement and gel fraction results, and the crosslinked/branched structures played the role of nucleation site for the reactive blends. The PLA–PBS copolymers of the reactive blends acted as a compatibilizer for the PLA and PBS phases and, hence, improved the compatibility between the two components. Moreover, it was found that the reactive blends showed the most excellent mechanical properties as the DCP contents were 0.2 and 0.3 phr. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39580.
Preparation and characterization of composite gels and films containing gelatin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate
Authors: Bang S. H. , Son J. R. , Lee S. Y. , Park H. J. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTComposite gels and films were prepared by the blending of hydrated gelatin as a base material and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) at various mass ratios. A composite technology was applied to obtain improved mechanical, physicochemical, and antimicrobial properties of the gelatin used as a base material. We investigated the effects of different experimental conditions on the rheological and mechanical properties and antimicrobial activities of the composite gels, films, and solutions. The rheological values (storage modulus, loss modulus, and complex viscosity) of the composite solutions and gels increased with added HPMCP. Aerobic microorganisms, yeasts, and molds were not detected throughout the testing period in the gelatin–HPMCP composite solution. In contrast, many microorganisms were detected in the gelatin‐only samples beginning with day 3 of storage. The composite films exhibited relatively good mechanical and physical properties compared with the gelatin‐only film. The composite film containing HPMCP at a mass ratio greater than 1:4 did not dissolve in gastric juice (pH 1.2) for at least 2 h, but all other samples, including the gelatin‐only film dissolved in enteric juice (pH 6.8). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39597.
Preparation and functional evaluation of chitosan‐EGCG conjugates
Authors: Lei Fei , Wang Xiaoya , Liang Chunxuan , Yuan Fang , Gao Yanxiang 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTChitosan, as a novel food additive, is proposed to conjugate with EGCG using a free radical grafting procedure. Chitosan is activated by hydroxyl free radicals produced by the redox reaction of hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid and subsequently react with EGCG. Chitosan‐EGCG conjugate has demonstrated by UV, FTIR, and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy and exhibits a dramatical increase in DPPH free radical scavenging activity. In addition, the LC (low‐molecular‐weight chitosan)‐EGCG conjugate is used to prepare O/W emulsion and then monitor the average droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta‐potential and transmission changes during centrifuge process, results show that the conjugate exhibited excellent emulsifying activity and superior emulsifying stability as compared with chitosan. Therefore, LC‐EGCG conjugate could be used as an efficient natural food antioxidant and emulsifier. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39732.
Batch and column adsorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate on anion exchange resins and granular activated carbon
Authors: Chularueangaksorn Pattarawan , Tanaka Shuhei , Fujii Shigeo , Kunacheva Chinagarn 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTPerfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) has been detected widely in the natural water matrix and is persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. To prevent the adverse effects of PFOS contamination on human health and the environment, effective removal techniques are needed. Adsorption is considered an effective technique for PFOS removal. In this study, five anion exchange resins and granular activated carbon (GAC) were examined to evaluate their performance for the removal of PFOS in both batch and column experiments. Experimental adsorption data for all of the adsorbents exhibited a high correlation with the Freundlich isotherm (R2 = 0.95 – 0.98). Most of the anion exchange resins demonstrated a higher adsorption capacity than the GAC. PFA300 had the highest adsorption capacity (455 mg/g). Continuous adsorption of PFOS was performed in column experiments using the same adsorbents that had been used in the batch experiments. The experimental breakthrough curves were set at C/C0 = 0.1. PFA300 showed the longest operation time before reaching the breakthrough point. The Yoon and Nelson model was used to predict the half‐saturation time of the anion exchange resins. Moreover, the anion exchange resins exhibited high recovery of PFOS by an organic solvent. Continuous PFOS adsorption on a column can be achieved using anion exchange resins for water/wastewater treatment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39782.
Primary Ammonium Monocarboxylate Synthon in Designing Supramolecular Gels: A New Series of Chiral Low‐Molecular‐Weight Gelators Derived from Simple Organic Salts that are Capable of Generating and Stabilizing Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Das Uttam Kumar , Banerjee Subhabrata , Dastidar Parthasarathi 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe primary ammonium monocarboxylate (PAM) synthon has been exploited to generate a new series of PAM salts from the free amine of L‐phenylalanine‐3‐pyridyl amide, (S)‐2‐amino‐3‐phenyl‐N‐(pyridine‐3‐yl)propanamine (designated as “B”), and various substituted benzoic acids (designated as “A(R)”; R=4‐Me, 4‐Cl, 4‐Br, 4‐NO2, 3‐Me, 3‐Cl, 3‐Br, 3‐NO2, 2‐Me, 2‐Cl, 2‐Br, 2‐NO2). The 4‐ and 3‐substituted benzoate salts showed moderate‐to‐excellent gelation ability with a number of polar and apolar solvents. The gels were characterized by DSC, rheology, SEM and TEM, FTIR spectroscopy, etc. Structure–property studies based on single‐crystal powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and FTIR data provided insights into the role of the PAM synthon in the formation of the gel networks. Interestingly, some of the gels were capable of forming and stabilizing gold nanoparticles at room temperature without the use of any exogenous reducing agents.
High‐Temperature Sulfur Removal from Biomass‐Derived Synthesis Gas over Bifunctional Molybdenum Catalysts
Authors: König Christian F. J. , Schuh Patrick , Schildhauer Tilman J. , Nachtegaal Maarten 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe removal of sulfur species from the biomass‐derived producer gas after gasification is required to protect downstream catalysts. Finding suitable materials for high‐temperature desulfurization is one of the main challenges for the improvement in the efficiency of catalytic biomass conversion. The biomass‐derived producer gas usually contains not only H2S but also organic sulfur species such as thiophene (C4H4S), which cannot be removed by most sorbent materials. Herein, we explored Al2O3‐supported molybdenum catalysts as bifunctional materials for the removal of H2S and catalytic conversion of C4H4S at high temperatures. By using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy under reaction conditions, we show that H2S is removed through the sulfidation of MoO3. C4H4S is catalytically converted over MoO2 to MoS2 and hydrocarbon species. The subsequent oxidation of MoS2 to MoO3 and SO2 regenerates the material and allows the sequestration of sulfur from the gas stream. Furthermore, the negative effect of steam on sulfur removal is shown to be caused by competitive adsorption with sulfur species. These findings show the possibility of the high‐temperature desulfurization of biomass‐derived gas for catalytic conversion, for instance, to synthetic natural gas.
Inverse problems in 1D hemodynamics on systemic networks: A sequential approach
Authors: Lombardi D. 
Published: September 2013

SUMMARYIn this work, a sequential approach based on the unscented Kalman filter is applied to solve inverse problems in 1D hemodynamics, on a systemic network. For instance, the arterial stiffness is estimated by exploiting cross‐sectional area and mean speed observations in several locations of the arteries. The results are compared with those ones obtained by estimating the pulse wave velocity and the Moens–Korteweg formula. In the last section, a perspective concerning the identification of the terminal models parameters and peripheral circulation (modeled by a Windkessel circuit) is presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bioavailability and Safety of the Factor Xa Inhibitor Edoxaban and the Effects of Quinidine in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Matsushima Nobuko , Lee Frank , Sato Toshiyuki , Weiss Daniel , Mendell Jeanne 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundEdoxaban is an oral, once‐daily, direct factor Xa inhibitor under investigation for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation and for treatment and secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism. This study evaluated edoxaban absolute bioavailability and effects of the P‐glycoprotein inhibitor quinidine on edoxaban pharmacokinetics after intravenous edoxaban administration.MethodsHealthy volunteers received three treatments in a randomized sequence: single oral 60‐mg edoxaban dose, single intravenous 30‐mg edoxaban dose, and concomitant single intravenous 30‐mg edoxaban dose with quinidine 300 mg every 8 hours for 4 days. The primary objective was to determine absolute bioavailability of edoxaban. Secondary objectives included pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of edoxaban after oral or intravenous administration, quinidine effect on intravenous edoxaban pharmacokinetics, and safety.ResultsThirty‐six subjects were randomized; five discontinued (three for adverse events [AEs]). Edoxaban oral absolute bioavailability was 61.8%. With concomitant quinidine, total edoxaban exposure increased ∼35% and total clearance decreased ∼25%. Coagulation parameters increased after edoxaban administration in most subjects, but returned to baseline within 24 hours postdose. No deaths, serious AEs, or bleeding‐related AEs occurred.ConclusionsAbsolute bioavailability of edoxaban in healthy volunteers was established (61.8%). Edoxaban, administered orally or intravenously, appeared to be safe and well tolerated.
Unexpected genetic differentiation between recently recolonized populations of a long‐lived and highly vagile marine mammal
Authors: Bonin Carolina A. , Goebel Michael E. , Forcada Jaume , Burton Ronald S. , Hoffman Joseph I. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMany species have been heavily exploited by man leading to local extirpations, yet few studies have attempted to unravel subsequent recolonization histories. This has led to a significant gap in our knowledge of the long‐term effects of exploitation on the amount and structure of contemporary genetic variation, with important implications for conservation. The Antarctic fur seal provides an interesting case in point, having been virtually exterminated in the nineteenth century but subsequently staged a dramatic recovery to recolonize much of its original range. Consequently, we evaluated the hypothesis that South Georgia (SG), where a few million seals currently breed, was the main source of immigrants to other locations including Livingston Island (LI), by genotyping 366 individuals from these two populations at 17 microsatellite loci and sequencing a 263 bp fragment of the mitochondrial hypervariable region 1. Contrary to expectations, we found highly significant genetic differences at both types of marker, with 51% of LI individuals carrying haplotypes that were not observed in 246 animals from SG. Moreover, the youngest of three sequentially founded colonies at LI showed greater similarity to SG at mitochondrial DNA than microsatellites, implying temporal and sex‐specific variation in recolonization. Our findings emphasize the importance of relict populations and provide insights into the mechanisms by which severely depleted populations can recover while maintaining surprisingly high levels of genetic diversity.
Pharmacogenetic polymorphisms and response to escitalopram and venlafaxine over 8 weeks in major depression
Authors: Ng Chee , Sarris Jerome , Singh Ajeet , Bousman Chad , Byron Keith , Peh Lai Huat , Smith Deidre Joy , Tan Chay Hoon , Schweitzer Isaac 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate the influence of the 5‐HTTLPR (serotonin transporter‐linked promoter region), cytochrome P450 2C19, and cytochrome P450 2D6 polymorphisms on escitalopram (ESC) and venlafaxine (VEN) responses in major depressive disorder.MethodA prospective multi‐site study of 106 patients (Caucasian and Han Chinese ethnicities) with major depressive disorder treated with either ESC or VEN was conducted. The 17‐item Hamilton Depression scale (HDRS), Clinical Global Impression Scale, and an adverse events scale (UKU) were assessed over 8 weeks, blind to genotype.ResultsAt the 8‐week end point, a significant HDRS reduction for both ESC and VEN occurred (p < 0.0001). The 5‐HTTLPR l/l genotype was associated with significantly greater score reductions on the HDRS compared with s/s carriers (p = 0.016) among Caucasian subjects receiving ESC (n = 47). Response rates were significantly higher for l/l (92%) compared with l/s (61%) and s/s (46%) variants (p = 0.042). For every l allele a participant carried, there was a 3.33 (95% confidence interval 1.25, 8.84; p = 0.02) times greater odds of ESC response. No significant associations between any of the genotypes and adverse effects were found.ConclusionEthnicity may have differential effects on the 5‐HTTLPR genotype‐efficacy relationship. Results suggest that l/l allele for 5‐HTTLPR is associated with a robust treatment response to ESC in Caucasian subjects only. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential ubiquitin–proteasome and autophagy signaling following rotator cuff tears and suprascapular nerve injury
Authors: Joshi Sunil K. , Kim Hubert T. , Feeley Brian T. , Liu Xuhui 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPrevious studies have evaluated role of Akt/mTOR signaling in rotator cuff muscle atrophy and determined that there was differential in signaling following tendon transection (TT) and suprascapular nerve (SSN) denervation (DN), suggesting that atrophy following TT and DN was modulated by different protein degradation pathways. In this study, two muscle proteolytic systems that have been shown to be potent regulators of muscle atrophy in other injury models, the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway and autophagy, were evaluated following TT and DN. In addition to examining protein degradation, this study assessed protein synthesis rate following these two surgical models to understand how the balance between protein degradation and synthesis results in atrophy following rotator cuff injury. In contrast to the traditional theory that protein synthesis is decreased during muscle atrophy, this study suggests that protein synthesis is up‐regulated in rotator cuff muscle atrophy following both surgical models. While the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway was a major contributor to the atrophy seen following DN, autophagy was a major contributor following TT. The findings of this study suggest that protein degradation is the primary factor contributing to atrophy following rotator cuff injury. However, different proteolytic pathways are activated if SSN injury is involved. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:138–144, 2014.
Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) expression is increased in the subsynovial connective tissues of patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Chikenji Takako , Gingery Anne , Zhao Chunfeng , Passe Sandra M. , Ozasa Yasuhiro , Larson Dirk , An Kai‐Nan , Amadio Peter C. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTNon‐inflammatory fibrosis of the subsynovial connective tissue (SSCT) is a hallmark of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The etiology of this finding and its relationship to the development of CTS remain poorly understood. Recent studies have found that transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) plays a central role in fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression of TGF‐β and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a downstream mediator of TGF‐β, in the pathogenesis of CTS. We compared SSCT specimens from 26 idiopathic CTS patients with specimens from 10 human cadaver controls with no previous diagnosis of CTS. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine levels TGF‐β1, CTGF, collagen 1(Col1) and collagen 3 (Col3) expression. TGF‐β1 (p < 0.01), CTGF (p < 0.01), and Col3 (p < 0.01) were increased in SSCT of CTS patients compared with control tissue. In addition, a strong positive correlation was found between TGF‐β1 and CTGF, (R2 = 0.80, p < 0.01) and a moderate positive correlation between Col3 and TGF‐β1 (R2 = 0.49, p < 0.01). These finding suggest that there is an increased expression of TGF‐β and CTGF, a TGF‐β regulated protein, and that this TGF‐β activation may be responsible for SSCT fibrosis in CTS patients. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:116–122, 2014.