bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for cerebrospinal fluid measurement of amyloid β1–42 and total tau
Authors: Babić Mirjana , Vogrinc Željka , Diana Andrea , Klepac Nataša , Borovečki Fran , Hof Patrick , Šimić Goran 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Amyloid β1–42 (Aβ1–42), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) are the main cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers for early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Detection of AD is critically important in view of the growing number of potential new drugs that may influence the course of the disease in its early phases. However, cut-off levels for these CSF biomarkers have not yet been established. Variability in absolute concentrations of AD biomarkers is high among studies and significant differences were noticed even within the same datasets. Variability in biomarkers levels in these assays may be due to many aspects of operating procedures. Standardization of pre-analytical and analytical procedures in collection, treatment, and storage of CSF samples is crucial because differences in sample handling can drastically influence results. Multicenter studies showed that usage of ELISA kits from different manufacturers also affects outcome. So far only very few studies tested the efficiency of ELISA kits produced by different vendors. In this study, the performance of Innogenetics (Gent, Belgium) and Invitrogen (Camarillo, CA, USA) ELISA kits for t-tau and Aβ1–42 was tested. Passing-Bablok analysis showed significant differences between Invitrogen and Innogenetics ELISA methods, making it impossible to use them interchangeably.
Practice Patterns of Canadian Physiotherapists Mobilizing Patients with External Ventricular Drains
Authors: Hale Chelsea , Wong Kyle , Pennings Amanda , Rnic Amanda , Tobali Benjamin , Hawke Christopher , Brown Jean , Cott Cheryl , Heck Carol , Duncan Catharine 
Published: June 2013

Purpose: To describe current mobilization practices of Canadian physiotherapists when treating patients with external ventricular drains (EVDs). Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study design using an online questionnaire via SurveyMonkey. An email invitation and questionnaire link was distributed in March 2010 to physiotherapists currently working with this patient population in Neurosurgical Centres across Canada. Results: Respondents were 25 physiotherapists (21 full-time, 2 part-time, and 2 who did not disclose work status) working in 5 different provinces who treated ≥1 patient/month with an EVD (n=9). Slightly more than half of respondents had ≤10 years' clinical physiotherapy experience (n=14); the remainder had >10 years' experience (n=11). The majority of respondents indicated that they felt comfortable mobilizing patients with EVDs (n =19) and that it was safe to do so (n=20). Clinical experience (n=23) and safety concerns (n=25) were most commonly cited as guiding practice. More experienced physiotherapists were more likely to use out-of-bed mobilization practices. Regardless of experience, the majority of physiotherapists (20/25) ranked intracranial pressure (ICP) as the most important factor and saturation of oxygen (Spo2) as the least important factor to consider before mobilization. Conclusions: Canadian physiotherapists are mobilizing patients with EVDs, and the intensity level of their mobilization practices appears to be related to their experience level. Data from the current study may be used in developing future best-practice guidelines for the mobilization of patients with EVDs.
Altered precipitation affects plant hybrids differently than their parental species
Authors: Campbell Diane R. , Wendlandt Camille 
Published: June 2013

• Premise of the study: Future changes in environmental conditions may alter evolutionary processes, including hybridization in nature. Frequency of hybrids could be altered via range shifts by the parental species or by changes in prezygotic or postzygotic reproductive isolation. We examined the potential for range shifts and change in postzygotic isolation by determining effects of increasing and decreasing precipitation on leaf physiology and fitness components in the subalpine herbs Ipomopsis aggregata (Polemoniaceae), I. tenuituba¸ and their natural hybrids in a common garden in the habitat of I. aggregata.• Methods: Summer precipitation was experimentally doubled or halved over 3 yr in comparison with ambient conditions. We measured relative growth rate, specific leaf area, intrinsic water‐use efficiency, survival to reproduction, biomass, number of flowers produced, and floral morphology.• Key results: Ipomopsis tenuituba increased relative growth rate with higher precipitation more so than did I. aggregata during the first summer, but this response did not result in changes across treatments in relative survival or final reproductive success of the two species. When precipitation was reduced, the relative success of hybrids was greater than that of the home species, I. aggregata. In dry conditions, hybrids increased water‐use efficiency and fitness as indexed by number of flowers more so than the other plant types did.• Conclusions: Increased reproduction in hybrids in the reduced precipitation regime indicates that postzygotic reproductive isolation may breakdown under imposition of dry conditions. These results suggest the potential for frequency of hybrids to increase if severe droughts become more common.
Convaincre ou produire ? Genèse et formes de participation ouvrière dans une usine « récupérée » d'Argentine
Authors: Quijoux Maxime 
Published: June 2013

La multiplication d’espaces de délibération dans l’entreprise favorise-t-elle nécessairement une meilleure répartition du pouvoir ? À partir de l’examen d’une usine « récupérée » par les salariés en Argentine, cet article vise à montrer que la démocratisation d’un lieu de travail est tributaire de sources de légitimité, notamment issues de l’atelier, qui peuvent entrer en concurrence avec les pratiques habituelles de démocratie directe. Cet article met alors en lumière une nouvelle forme de bureaucratisation fondée sur un régime où prévalent des conduites et valeurs « disciplinaires », telles que l’assiduité, la ponctualité et la productivité.
Réviser l'« espace public » avec la sociologie. Un regard sur la théorie de Bernhard Peters
Authors: Aubert Isabelle 
Published: June 2013

Introduite par Jürgen Habermas en 1962, la notion d’espace public a contribué à la formation d’un courant théorique sur la démocratie délibérative. Avec le temps, les critiques qu’on lui a adressées ont prévalu sur son usage, car elle est le plus souvent écartée aujourd’hui. L’article s’intéresse aux recherches qu’a menées le sociologue allemand Bernhard Peters en théorie normative et en sociologie empirique au sujet du sens que peut avoir, compte tenu de ces critiques, l’espace public aujourd’hui. Mettant en lumière sa fonction en théorie politique puis enquêtant dans le détail sur la réalité des espaces publics contemporains et sur leurs extensions (nationale ou transnationale ?), Peters ouvre la voie à une réflexion sur la démocratie qui met en son centre une approche révisée et critique de l’espace public.
T Cell Activation Threshold Regulated by E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Cbl-b Determines Fate of Inducible Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Qiao Guilin , Zhao Yixia , Li Zhenping , Tang Peter Q. , Langdon Wallace Y. , Yang Tianlan , Zhang Jian 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligase Casitas–B-lineage lymphoma protein-b (Cbl-b) is critical for establishing the threshold for T cell activation and is essential for induction of T cell anergy. Recent studies suggest that Cbl-b is involved in the development of CD4+CD25+ inducible regulatory T cells (iTregs). In this study, we report that the optimal induction of Foxp3 by naive CD4+CD25− T cells requires suboptimal TCR triggering. In the absence of Cbl-b, the TCR strength for optimal Foxp3 induction is downregulated in vitro. Using TCR-transgenic Rag−/− mice in combination with Cbl-b deficiency, we show that in vivo iTreg development is also controlled by Cbl-b via tuning the TCR strength. Furthermore, we show that Akt-2 but not Akt-1 regulates Foxp3 expression downstream of Cbl-b. Therefore, we demonstrate that Cbl-b regulates the fate of iTregs via controlling the threshold for T cell activation.
HLA Peptide Length Preferences Control CD8+ T Cell Responses
Authors: Rist Melissa J. , Theodossis Alex , Croft Nathan P. , Neller Michelle A. , Welland Andrew , Chen Zhenjun , Sullivan Lucy C. , Burrows Jacqueline M. , Miles John J. , Brennan Rebekah M. , Gras Stephanie , Khanna Rajiv , Brooks Andrew G. , McCluskey James , Purcell Anthony W. , Rossjohn Jamie , Burrows Scott R. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Class I HLAs generally present peptides of 8–10 aa in length, although it is unclear whether peptide length preferences are affected by HLA polymorphism. In this study, we investigated the CD8+ T cell response to the BZLF1 Ag of EBV, which includes overlapping sequences of different size that nevertheless conform to the binding motif of the large and abundant HLA-B*44 supertype. Whereas HLA-B*18:01+ individuals responded strongly and exclusively to the octamer peptide 173SELEIKRY180, HLA-B*44:03+ individuals responded to the atypically large dodecamer peptide 169EECDSELEIKRY180, which encompasses the octamer peptide. Moreover, the octamer peptide bound more stably to HLA-B*18:01 than did the dodecamer peptide, whereas, conversely, HLA-B*44:03 bound only the longer peptide. Furthermore, crystal structures of these viral peptide–HLA complexes showed that the Ag-binding cleft of HLA-B*18:01 was more ideally suited to bind shorter peptides, whereas HLA-B*44:03 exhibited characteristics that favored the presentation of longer peptides. Mass spectrometric identification of &gt; 1000 naturally presented ligands revealed that HLA-B*18:01 was more biased toward presenting shorter peptides than was HLA-B*44:03. Collectively, these data highlight a mechanism through which polymorphism within an HLA class I supertype can diversify determinant selection and immune responses by varying peptide length preferences.
A Novel Approach to Collecting Satellite Cells From Adult Skeletal Muscles on the Basis of Their Stress Tolerance
Authors: Shigemoto Taeko , Kuroda Yasumasa , Wakao Shohei , Dezawa Mari 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Stem cells are generally collected using flow cytometry, but this method is not applicable when the cell surface marker is not well determined. Satellite cells, which are skeletal muscle stem cells, have the ability to regenerate damaged muscles and are expected to be applicable for treatment of muscle degeneration. Although the transcription factor Pax7 is a known specific marker of satellite cells, it is not located on the cell surface and therefore flow cytometry is not directly applicable. In the present study, we turned our attention to the stress tolerance of adult stem cells, and we propose long-term trypsin incubation (LTT) as a novel approach to collecting satellite cells from mouse and human skeletal muscles. LTT led to a remarkable increase in the ratio of Pax7(+) cells that retain normal myogenic stem cell function. In particular, human Pax7(+) cells made up approximately 30% of primary cultured cells, whereas after LTT, the ratio of Pax7(+) cells increased up to ∼80%, and the ratio of Pax7(+) and/or MyoD(+) myogenic cells increased to ∼95%. Once transplanted, LTT-treated cells contributed to subsequent muscle regeneration following repetitive muscle damage without additional cell transplantation. The stress tolerance of Pax7(+) cells is related to heat shock protein 27 and αB-crystallin, members of the small heat shock protein family. This approach, based on the stress resistance of adult stem cells, is a safe and inexpensive method of efficiently collecting human satellite cells and may also be used for collecting other tissue stem cells whose surface marker is unknown.
First Aid Training for Those on the Front Lines: Digital Preservation Needs Survey Results 2012
Authors: DeRidder Jody L. 
Published: June 2013

Every day history is being made and recorded in digital form. Every day, more and more digitally-captured history disappears completely or becomes inaccessible due to obsolescence of hardware, software, and formats. Although it has long been the focus of libraries and archives to retain, organize, and preserve information, these communities face a critical skills gap. Until we have in place the infrastructure, expertise and resources to distill critical information from the digital deluge and preserve it appropriately, what steps can those in the field take to help mitigate the loss of our cultural heritage? This article argues for the need for practical, accessible free or low-cost digital preservation training webinars, and reports on the results of a survey to identify the most important topics and types of materials on which to focus.
Recent Progress in the Replication of Hierarchical Biological Tissues
Authors: Paris Oskar , Fritz‐Popovski Gerhard , Van Opdenbosch Daniel , Zollfrank Cordt 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBioinspired materials research is a continuously growing field in interdisciplinary materials science and engineering with large potential for novel functional materials. One possibility of combining the hierarchical structure of natural materials with the broad range of available constituent materials is biotemplating, i.e., the use of biological materials as scaffolds or casting molds for the synthesis of ceramics, semiconductors, metals, polymers or composites thereof. However, the replication of structural details of complex biological tissues over several levels of hierarchy down to the nanometer level is still a big challenge. The biological templates need to be (made) accessible for the precursor materials down to the nanometer scale, and the desired inorganic replica often require a final thermal treatment with the danger of collapse of the nanostructure. Here, some of the current knowledge about the replication of hierarchical biological materials into ceramics or carbons with special emphasis on wood as a template is reviewed. It is concluded that real hierarchical replication down to the nanometer scale requires a careful preparation of the biological template, followed by elaborate template infiltration via gas or liquid phases and their transformation into a solid, and finally, the gentle removal of the template. Not surprisingly, retaining the replicated material in an amorphous or nanocrystalline state is a key requirement for a successful nanometer‐scale replication of biological materials.
Highly Transmissive Carbon Nanotube Forests Grown at Low Substrate Temperature
Authors: Anguita José V. , Cox David C. , Ahmad Muhammad , Tan Y. Y. , Allam Jeremy , Silva S. Ravi P. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractDespite the “darker than black” association attributed to carbon nanotube forests, here is shown that it is also possible to grow these structures, over heat‐sensitive substrates, featuring highly transmissive characteristics from the UV to infrared wavelengths, for forest heights as high as 20 μm. The optical transmission is interpreted in terms of light propagation along channels that are self‐generated by localized bundling of tubes, acting as waveguides. A good correlation is shown between the distribution of diameter sizes of these sub‐wavelength voids and the transmission spectrum of the forests. For the shorter visible and near‐UV wavelengths, this model shows that light propagates by channeling along individual vertical voids in the forests, which elucidates the origin for the widely‐reported near‐zero reflectance values observed in forests. For the longer infrared wavelengths, the mode spreads over many nanotubes and voids, and propagates along a “homogeneous effective medium”. The strong absorption of the forest at the shorter wavelengths is correlated in terms of the stronger attenuation inside a waveguide cavity, according to the λ−1/2 attenuation dependency of standard waveguide theory. The realization of this material can lead to novel avenues in new optoelectronic device design, where the carbon nanotube forests can be used as highly conducting “scaffolds” for optically active materials, whilst also allowing light to penetrate to significant depths into the structure, in excess of 20 μm, enabling optical functionality.
Chain Extension of Stimuli‐Responsive Polymer Brushes: A General Strategy to Overcome the Drawbacks of the “Grafting‐To” Approach
Authors: Rauch Sebastian , Eichhorn Klaus‐Jochen , Kuckling Dirk , Stamm Manfred , Uhlmann Petra 
Published: June 2013

AbstractStimuli‐responsive polymer brushes are smart materials for the design of bio‐interactive and responsive interfaces. The “grafting‐to” approach is a convenient preparation procedure that allows the modification of surfaces with preformed and most notably well‐defined functionalized macromolecules. However, the shortcoming of this approach is an intrinsic limitation of the grafting density, which in turn affects the stimuli‐responsive properties of the brush system. Here, a general strategy to overcome this limitation and to simultaneously improve the switching behavior of a temperature‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNiPAAm) brush is reported. A technically simple processing step is used in combination with the thermal azide–alkyne cycloaddition to perform the chain extension of alkyne‐functionalized PNiPAAm brushes with azide‐functionalized PNiPAAm molecules.
Gold Nanocage‐Based Dual Responsive “Caged Metal Chelator” Release System: Noninvasive Remote Control with Near Infrared for Potential Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Shi Peng , Li Meng , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang 
Published: June 2013

AbstractMetal ions have been demonstrated to participate in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD): amyloid‐β peptide (Aβ) aggregation and formation of neurotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as H2O2. Metal chelator can block ROS formation and inhibit metal induced Aβ aggregation. Metal‐ion chelation therapy as a compelling treatment for AD has been extensively studied. However, most chelators are not suitable for AD treatment because of their poor permeability of the blood–brain barrier and their limited ability to differentiate toxic metals associated with Aβ plaques from those associated with normal metal homeostasis. Here, a novel dual‐responsive “caged metal chelator” release system based on gold nanocage (AuNC) for AD treatment is reported. Since arylboronic ester is redox‐ and thermal‐sensitive, phenylboronic acid‐functionalized AuNC can serve as an efficient delivery system for H2O2‐responsive controlled release of metal chelator. The release can be further enhanced through remote control with NIR light because of the high near‐infrared absorbance of AuNC. The smart system can effectively inhibit Aβ aggregate formation, decrease cellular ROS, and protect cells from Aβ‐related toxicity. In light of these advantages, this design provides new insights into noninvasive remote control with NIR to improve therapeutic efficacy for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Mechanochromic Photonic Gels
Authors: Chan Edwin P. , Walish Joseph J. , Urbas Augustine M. , Thomas Edwin L. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPolymer gels are remarkable materials with physical structures that can adapt significantly and quite rapidly with changes in the local environment, such as temperature, light intensity, electrochemistry, and mechanical force. An interesting phenomenon observed in certain polymer gel systems is mechanochromism – a change in color due to a mechanical deformation. Mechanochromic photonic gels are periodically structured gels engineered with a photonic stopband that can be tuned by mechanical forces to reflect specific colors. These materials have potential as mechanochromic sensors because both the mechanical and optical properties are highly tailorable via incorporation of diluents, solvents, nanoparticles, or polymers, or the application of stimuli such as temperature, pH, or electric or strain fields. Recent advances in photonic gels that display strain‐dependent optical properties are discussed. In particular, this discussion focuses primarily on polymer‐based photonic gels that are directly or indirectly fabricated via self‐assembly, as these materials are promising soft material platforms for scalable mechanochromic sensors.
Low Catalyst Loadings in Self‐Metathesis of 1‐Dodecene
Authors: Czaban Justyna , Schertzer Bryan M. , Grela Karol 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA series of ruthenium catalysts has been screened in the self‐metathesis of 1‐dodecene with and without the addition of benzoquinones. Many of these catalysts demonstrated excellent selectivity and yields with as low as 10 ppm catalyst loading. Reactions have been conducted under decreased pressure or under argon bubbling, which caused a tremendous increase in yield and selectivity of the examined process.
Palladium Supported on Cross‐Linked Imidazolium Network on Silica as Highly Sustainable Catalysts for the Suzuki Reaction under Flow Conditions
Authors: Pavia Cinzia , Ballerini Eleonora , Bivona Lucia Anna , Giacalone Francesco , Aprile Carmela , Vaccaro Luigi , Gruttadauria Michelangelo 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHighly cross‐linked imidazolium‐based materials, obtained by radical oligomerization of bis‐vinylimidazolium salts in the presence of 3‐mercaptopropyl‐modified silica gel, were used as supports for palladium catalysts. Thanks to the high imidazolium loading these materials were able to support a high amount of the metal (10 wt%). Such materials were characterized by several techniques (13C magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller technique, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy). The palladium catalysts displayed good activity allowing the synthesis of several biphenyl compounds in high yields working with only 0.1 mol% of palladium loading at 50 °C in ethanol/water under batch condition. Moreover, a flow apparatus, to optimize the efficiency of the isolation of the pure products and minimize waste (E‐factor), was investigated. For the first time the palladium catalyst and base (K2CO3) were placed in two separate columns allowing an easy recovery of the products with very low E‐factor values (<4). Waste production was reduced by over 99% compared to classic batch conditions. Because of the high Pd loading only 42 mg of catalysts were employed in the Suzuki reaction between 160 mmol of 4‐bromotoluene and 180 mmol of phenylboronic acid. No loss in activity was observed.