bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capnocytophaga
Authors: Holt Stanley C. 
Published: July 2015

Gr. n.capnossmoke; N.L. fem. n.Cytophagaa bacterial genus name; N.L. fem. n.Capnocytophagabacteria requiring carbon dioxide and related to the cytophagas.Bacteroidetes / Flavobacteriia / Flavobacteriales / Flavobacteriaceae / CapnocytophagaShort to elongate flexible fusiform to rod‐shaped cells, 0.42–0.6 µm in diameter and 2.5–5.7 µm in length. Ends of cells are usually round to tapered. Cells can be pleomorphic. Capsules and sheaths not formed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Resting stages not known. No flagella. Motility when it occurs is by “gliding” on solid culture media (surface translocation). Facultatively anaerobic. Growth occurs in air with 5% CO2. Some strains are reported to grow aerobically without CO2; however,primary isolation and initial growth require CO2. Optimum temperature: 35–37°C. Chemo‐organotrophic, with fermentative type of metabolism.Carbohydrates are used as fermentable substrates and energy sources. Fermentation of glucose yields chiefly acetate and succinate as major acidic end products; trace amounts of isovalerate are formed. Complex polysaccharides such as dextran, glycogen, inulin, and starch may be fermented. Catalase and oxidase reactions differ among species. Positive foro‐nitrophenyl‐β‐D‐galactoside (ONPG) and benzidine. Found in association with both animal and human hosts. Originally isolated from the human oral cavity where the cells occupied periodontal pockets. Pathogenicity is uncertain, but members of the genus have been implicated as pathogens in several human and animal infections.DNA G+C content(mol%): 34–44.Type species:Capnocytophaga ochraceaLeadbetter, Holt and Socransky 1982, 266VP(Effective publication: Leadbetter, Holt and Socransky 1979, 14.).
Methanothermococcus gen. nov.
Authors: Whitman William B. 
Published: July 2015

Me.tha.no.ther.mo.coc' cus. M.L. neut. n.methanummethane; Gr. adj.thermoshot; Gr. n.kokkosa spherical cell; M.L. masc. n.Methanothermococcusa coccus producing methane at thermophilic growth temperatures.Euryarchaeota / Methanococcales / Methanococcales / Methanococcaceae / MethanothermococcusRegular to irregular coccus, 1.5 µm in diameter. Cells stain Gram‐negative and lyse rapidly in dilute solutions of sodium dodecylsulfate.Motile, by means of a polar tuft of flagella. Obligately anaerobic. Thermophilic(temperature optimum: 60–65°C). pH optimum between 5.1 and 7.5. NaCl required for growth, optimal concentration 2–4% (w/v).Obligately methanogenic; H2and formate serve as electron donors. Acetate, methanol, and methylamines are not substrates for methanogenesis. Alcohols, including isopropanol, are not substrates for methanogenesis. Grows autotrophically in mineral medium. Organic carbon sources are not stimulatory. Nitrogen sources include ammonium, nitrate and N2gas. Sulfur sources include sulfide, elemental sulfur, and other oxidized sulfur‐containing compounds such as thiosulfate, sulfite, and sulfate. Isolated from shallow, sandy, geothermally heated marine sediments and marine oil‐reservoir water.The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 31–34.Type species:Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicuscomb. nov. (Methanococcus thermolithotrophicusHuber, Thomm, König, Thies and Stetter 1982, 50).
Thermoplasma
Authors: Langworthy Thomas A. 
Published: July 2015

Ther.mo.plas' ma. Gr.n.thermeheat; Gr. fem. n.plasmasomething formed or molded, a form; M.L. neut. n.Thermoplasmaheat (‐loving) mycoplasma.Euryarchaeota / Thermoplasmata / Thermoplasmatales / Thermoplasmataceae / ThermoplasmaPleomorphic, varying in shape from spherical (0.1–5.0 µm) to filamentous structures.Cells lack a true cell walland are surrounded by a single triple‐layer membrane ~5–10 nm thick. Membrane contains ether lipids based on 40‐carbon, isopranoid‐brancheddiglycerol tetraethers. Resting stages not known. Stain Gram‐negative. Cells may be motile via monopolar monotrichous flagellation.Facultatively aerobic. Anaerobic growth is enhanced by elemental sulfur, which is reduced to H2S via respiration.Obligate thermoacidophile. Optimum growth occurs at 55–59°C and pH 1–2. Cells undergo lysis near neutrality. On agar at pH 2, colonies attain a diameter of about 0.3 mm and are dark brown in color, flat and coarsely granular, and some exhibit a typical “fried egg” appearance with a translucent peripheral zone. Biochemical and nutritional characteristics relatively poorly defined. Do not require cholesterol.Obligately heterotrophicwith growth on extracts of yeast, meat, andBacteriaorArchaea.Occur free‐living in self‐heating coal refuse piles and acidic solfatara fields.The mol%G+C of the DNA is: 46.Type species:Thermoplasma acidophilumDarland, Brock, Samsonoff and Conti 1970, 1418 (Thermoplasma acidophila[sic] Darland, Brock, Samsonoff and Conti 1970, 1418.)
Marinilactibacillus
Authors: Yamasato Kazuhide , Ishikawa Morio 
Published: July 2015

Ma.ri.ni.lac.ti.ba.cil'lus. L. adj.marinusmarine; L. n.lac, lactismilk; L. n.bacillusa small rod; N.L. masc. n.Marinilactibacillusmarine lactic acid rodlet.Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / “Lactobacillales” / “Carnobacteriaceae” / MarinilactibacillusCells are Gram positive, nonsporeforming, straight rods that occur singly, in pairs, or in short chains.Motile with peritrichous flagella. Facultative anaerobe. Catalase and oxidase negative. Negative for nitrate reduction and gelatin liquefaction. Hydrolyzes casein. Mesophilic and psychrotolerant.Slightly halophilic and highly halotolerant. Alkaliphilic.l(+)Lactic acid is the major end product fromd(+)glucose; trace to small amounts of formate, acetate, and ethanol are produced with a molar ratio of approximately 2:1:1, without gas formation. The peptidoglycan is of the A4β,Orn–d‐Glu type. Cellular fatty acids are primarily of the straight‐chain saturated and monounsaturated even‐carbon‐numbered types.The major fatty acids are C16:0,C16:1ω7,C18:0,and C18:1ω9(oleic acid).Respiratory quinones and cytochromes are absent.DNA G+C content(mol%): 34.6–36.2.Type species:Marinilactibacillus psychrotoleransIshikawa, Nakajima, Yanagi, Yamamoto and Yamasato 2003, 719VP.
Oenococcus
Authors: Dicks Leon M.T. , Holzapfel Wilhelm H. 
Published: July 2015

oe.no.coc'cus. Gr. n.oinoswine; Gr. masc. n.kokkosberry, little round thing; N.L. masc. n.oenococcuslittle round thing from wine.Firmicutes / “Bacilli” / “Lactobacillales” / “Leuconostocaceae” / OenococcusCells are Gram‐stain‐positive, nonmotile, and asporogenous.Ellipsoidal to spherical in shape, usually arranged in pairs or chains. Cell morphology varies with strain and is influenced by growth medium and age. Chemo‐organotrophic, facultatively anaerobic, catalase‐negative, no cytochromes present. Usually nonproteolytic. Exoprotease activity has been reported for a strain isolated from a red wine produced in Argentina (Manca de Nadra et al., 2005). Nitrate is not reduced. Nonhemolytic. Indole is not formed.Acidophilic(prefers an initial growth pH of 4.8)or non‐acidophilic(growth at pH 5.0–7.5;pH 6.0–6.8 as optimum),depending on the species. Growth in media supplemented with 5% (v/v) ethanol is usual, but growth in the presence of 10% (v/v) ethanol depends on the species. Growth in broth is slow and usually uniform.Surface growth is enhanced by incubation in a 10%CO2atmosphere. Colonies usually develop only after 5 d and are less than 1 mm in diameter. Grows between 20 and 30 °C. Requires a rich medium with complex growth factors and amino acids.Tomato juice,grape juice,pantothenic acid,or 4′‐O‐(β‐glucopyranosyl)‐d‐pantothenic acid may be required for growth and depends on the species. Glucose is fermented to equal amounts ofd(−)‐lactic acid,CO2,and ethanol or acetate via a pathway not yet fully elucidated.l‐malate is decarboxylated toL(+)‐lactate in the presence of a fermentable carbohydrate.Polysaccharides and most alcohols are not metabolized.Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD)‐dependent glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase(G‐6‐P‐DH)not present. Habitat: wine, cider and distilled shochu residue.DNA G+C content(mol%): 37–43 (Tmand HPLC).Type species:Oenococcus oeni(Garvie 1967b) Dicks, Dellaglio and Collins 1995a, 397VP(Leuconostoc oenicorrig. Garvie 1967b, 431).
Does Chondrocalcinosis Associate With a Distinct Radiographic Phenotype of Osteoarthritis in Knees and Hips? A Case–Control Study
Authors: Abhishek A. , Doherty S. , Maciewicz R. A. , Muir K. , Zhang W. , Doherty M. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo examine if knee chondrocalcinosis (CC), hip CC, or CC at distant joints associates with a distinct radiographic phenotype of osteoarthritis (OA) in knees or hips.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study using data from the Genetics of Osteoarthritis and Lifestyle (GOAL) study (n = 3,170). All participants of the GOAL study had radiographs of knees, hands, and pelvis, which have been scored for CC and for individual radiographic features of OA. For this study, cases had radiographic OA and CC, and controls had radiographic OA without CC at the index joint. Data for knees and hips were analyzed separately. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association between each radiographic phenotype and CC in joints with OA. Generalized estimating equation analysis was used to account for correlated data.ResultsKnee CC, and CC at any distant joint (without knee CC), associated with attrition in knee OA (adjusted odds ratio 2.32 [95% confidence interval 1.42–3.79] and 2.42 [1.41–4.13], respectively). There was no association between knee CC and osteophytosis or joint space narrowing (JSN) in knees with OA. Hip CC associated negatively with the summated osteophyte score and minimum JSN in hip OA. However, in hips with OA, CC did not associate with cysts or sclerosis. Additionally, distant joint CC did not associate with any structural change in hip OA.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that knee CC and CC at distant joints associate with attrition in knee OA, and hip CC associates with a milder hip OA phenotype. There was no evidence that CC associates with a hypertrophic OA phenotype.
Influence of polymer morphology on the adsorption behaviors of molecularly imprinted polymer‐methacrylic acid functionalized β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Asman Saliza , Mohamad Sharifah , Sarih Norazilawati Muhamad 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe influence of molecularly imprinted polymer‐methacrylic acid functionalized β‐cyclodextrin (MIP(MAA‐β‐CD)) morphology on the adsorption behavior studies towards benzylparaben (BzP) was explored. The effects of time, concentration, and temperature towards BzP uptake were extensively evaluated. The adsorption performance of MIP(MAA‐β‐CD) was compared with that on the molecularly imprinted polymer‐methacrylic acid (MIP(MAA)) synthesized without β‐CD. The MIP(MAA‐β‐CD) was synthesized to obtain a spherical and spongy‐porous texture with a broad pore size distribution. The MIP(MAA‐β‐CD) showed fast kinetic and the intra‐particle diffusion model demonstrated a three step (surface and pore) adsorption process. The Koble‐Corrigan isotherm was the most suitable model for data fitting, which indicated that MIP(MAA‐β‐CD) had homogeneous and heterogeneous surfaces. This finding clearly demonstrated that the large uptake and strong affinity of MIP(MAA‐β‐CD) did not only probably result from the monomer‐template interactions, but also due to the morphological MIP(MAA‐β‐CD) structure. In contrary to MIP(MAA‐β‐CD), MIP(MAA) synthesized with uniform morphology and narrow pore size distribution had lower adsorption capacities and its kinetic data fitted the pseudo‐second order diffusion model, indicating a two‐step (surface only) adsorption process. The MIP(MAA) adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm model referred to solely homogeneous uptake. The calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the BzP uptake was exothermic, spontaneous, and physisorption process onto MIPs, which supported the results of kinetics and isotherm adsorption data. This study clearly revealed that the presence of β‐CD improved the morphology of synthesized MIP, and automatically enhanced the adsorption behavior of MIP. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42720.
In situ polymerization of polyimide‐based nanocomposites via covalent incorporation of functionalized graphene nanosheets for enhancing mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties
Authors: Qian Yong , Wu Hongfu , Yuan Dingzhong , Li Xing , Yu Wenting , Wang Chunyan 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, we report an effective method to fabricate high‐performance polyimide (PI)‐based nanocomposites using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane functionalized graphene oxide (APTSi‐GO) as the reinforcing filler. APTSi‐GO nanosheets exhibit good dispersibility and compatibility with the polymer matrix because of the strong interfacial covalent interactions. PI‐based nanocomposites with different loadings of functionalized graphene nanosheets (FGNS) were prepared by in situ polymerization and thermal imidization. The mechanical performance, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity of the FGNS/PI nanocomposites are significantly improved compared with those of pure PI by adding only a small amount of FGNS. For example, a 79% improvement in the tensile strength and a 132% increase in the tensile modulus are achieved by adding 1.5 wt % FGNS. The electrical and thermal conductivities of 1.5 wt % FGNS/PI are 2.6 × 10−3 S/m and 0.321 W/m·K, respectively, which are ∼1010 and two times higher than those of pure PI. Furthermore, the incorporation of graphene significantly improves the glass‐transition temperature and thermal stability. The success of this approach provides a good rationale for developing multifunctional and high‐performance PI‐based composite materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42724.
3XMM J185246.6+003317 as transient neutron star
Authors: Hambaryan V. , Wagner D. , Schmidt J.G. , Hohle M. M. , Neuhäuser R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe performed an X‐ray timing and spectral analysis of the variable source 3XMM J185246.6+003317 to investigate its physical nature. The data from all observations of 3XMMJ185246.6+003317 conducted by XMM‐Newton EPIC MOS1 and MOS2 with the same instrumental setup in 2004–2009 were reprocessed to form a homogenous data set of solar barycenter corrected photon arrival times and high S/N spectra of 3XMM J185246.6+003317. A Bayesian method for the search, detection, and estimation of the parameters of a periodic signal of unknown shape was employed, as developed by Gregory & Loredo (1992, 1993). The results show that 3XMM J185246.6+003317 is a transient neutron star with the genuine spin‐period of 23.11722 (23.11711–23.11727) s and its derivative of 5.3(0.3–5.5)×10–11 s s–1, implying a characteristic age of 7 (6–104) kyr, if the period derivative can be ascribed to the genuine spin‐down rate of the neutron star. The rotational‐phase averaged X‐ray spectra at the different brightness periods can be fitted with a highly absorbed blackbody model with different temperatures. The phase‐folded light curves in different energy bands with high S/N ratio show a double‐peaked profile; the variations depend on time and energy, indicating that radiation emerges from at least two emitting areas. The spectra at the phases corresponding to the maxima in the phase‐folded light curve show different spectral parameters of absorbed blackbody radiation, i.e. the hotter one has a smaller size. The source is detected only from September 2008 to April 2009 with persistently decreasing brightness, but not before, even though it was observed by XMM. Hence, it is a transient neutron star or a binary system hosting it. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of the photoelectric light curve and the orbital period variations of the binary system UU Andromedae
Authors: Manzoori D. , Abbasvand S. , Najafinezhad F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this work, the analysis of the photoelectric light curve (LC) in the broad‐band filter (400–700 nm) for the UU And system was carried out using the PHOEBE program (vers. 0.31a). The absolute dimensions of the system are determined and its evolution is discussed. Moreover, the period changes of the system are studied using updated O – C data, which shows a cyclic change with a period of Pmod = 18 yr. This was attributed to a magnetic activity cycle operating in this system. In addition to the cyclic change, a long‐term secular variation due to mass transfer from the secondary to the primary component with a rate of 6.17×10–9 M⊙ yr–1 was also detected. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Selective fermentation of carbohydrate and protein fractions of Scenedesmus, and biohydrogenation of its lipid fraction for enhanced recovery of saturated fatty acids
Authors: Lai YenJung Sean , Parameswaran Prathap , Li Ang , Aguinaga Alyssa , Rittmann Bruce E. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTBiofuels derived from microalgae have promise as carbon‐neutral replacements for petroleum. However, difficulty extracting microalgae‐derived lipids and the co‐extraction of non‐lipid components add major costs that detract from the benefits of microalgae‐based biofuel. Selective fermentation could alleviate these problems by managing microbial degradation so that carbohydrates and proteins are hydrolyzed and fermented, but lipids remain intact. We evaluated selective fermentation of Scenedesmus biomass in batch experiments buffered at pH 5.5, 7, or 9. Carbohydrates were fermented up to 45% within the first 6 days, protein fermentation followed after about 20 days, and lipids (measured as fatty acid methyl esters, FAME) were conserved. Fermentation of the non‐lipid components generated volatile fatty acids, with acetate, butyrate, and propionate being the dominant products. Selective fermentation of Scenedesmus biomass increased the amount of extractable FAME and the ratio of FAME to crude lipids. It also led to biohydrogenation of unsaturated FAME to more desirable saturated FAME (especially to C16:0 and C18:0), and the degree of saturation was inversely related to the accumulation of hydrogen gas after fermentation. Moreover, the microbial communities after selective fermentation were enriched in bacteria from families known to perform biohydrogenation, i.e., Porphyromonadaceae and Ruminococcaceae. Thus, this study provides proof‐of‐concept that selective fermentation can improve the quantity and quality of lipids that can be extracted from Scenedesmus. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 320–329. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimal Control Vector Parameterization Approach with a Hybrid Intelligent Algorithm for Nonlinear Chemical Dynamic Optimization Problems
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Liu Xinggao , Ma Liang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA control vector parameterization (CVP)‐based hybrid algorithm, HAPSODSA‐CVP, is proposed to solve the nonlinear chemical dynamic optimization problems, where adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) is applied to enhance the global search ability, while differential search algorithm (DSA) is used to improve the local exploitation ability. Three well‐known classic nonlinear chemical dynamic optimization problems are tested as illustration, and detailed comparisons are carried out among PSO‐CVP, APSO‐CVP, and HAPSODSA‐CVP approaches. The research results not only demonstrate the efficiency of the HAPSODSA‐CVP approach for this kind of dynamic optimization problems, but also its superiority to both APSO‐CVP and PSO‐CVP approaches in terms of accuracy as well as convergence rate.
Slip and Characteristic Velocities in a Horizontal Pulsed‐Plate Extraction Column
Authors: Khajenoori Majid , Safdari Jaber , Asl Ali Haghighi , Mallah Mohammad Hassan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe slip velocity, the dispersed‐phase hold‐up, and the characteristic velocities of the phases in a horizontal pulsed extraction column were investigated under no‐mass transfer conditions using four binary systems: kerosene‐water, toluene‐water, n‐butyl acetate‐water, and butanol‐water. The effects of the pulsation intensity, the dispersed‐ and continuous‐phase flow rates, and the interfacial tension on the dispersed‐phase hold‐up and slip velocity of the phases were investigated. Based on the obtained results, a semi‐empirical correlation for estimating the slip velocity and the characteristic velocity was established, which proved to be in good agreement with the experimental findings.
Axial Ligation of Heme in c‐Type Cytochromes of Living Shewanella oneidensis: A New Insight into Enhanced Extracellular Electron Transfer
Authors: Yuan Yong , Li Laicai , Zhou Shungui 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe controlled axial ligation reaction of the heme Fe in c‐type cytochromes (c‐Cyts) is a valid approach to regulating the redox activity of c‐Cyts, but it is mainly revealed in purified c‐Cyts. Herein, we demonstrate the first example of regulating the redox activity of c‐Cyts in a living microorganism through heme axial ligation to target high extracellular electron transfer (EET). The direct electrochemistry of Shewanella oneidensis amended with an axial ligand (imidazole) delivered a 1.5‐fold increase in the biocurrent, demonstrating enhanced EET. In vivo UV/Vis and Raman spectra confirmed the axial ligation of imidazoles to the c‐Cyts. Density functional calculations revealed the optimized electronic structure and lowered reorganization energy values of the imidazole‐ligated heme, which benefited EET. These findings provide, not only a better understanding of the mechanism underlying the EET, but also new insights into the enhanced EET.
Functionalized Corannulene Carbocations: A Structural Overview
Authors: Dubceac Cristina , Filatov Alexander S. , Zabula Alexander V. , Rogachev Andrey Yu. , Petrukhina Marina A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA detailed structural overview of a family of bowl‐shaped polycyclic aromatic carbocations of the type [C20H10R]+ with different R functionalities tethered to the interior surface of corannulene (C20H10) is provided. Changing the identity of the surface‐bound groups through alkyl chains spanning from one to four carbon atoms and incorporating a different degree of halogenation has led to the fine tuning of the bowl structures and properties. The deformation of the corannulene core upon functionalization has been revealed based on X‐ray crystallographic analysis and compared for the series of cations with R=CH3, CH2Cl, CHCl2, CCl3, CH2CH3, CH2CH2Cl, and CH2CH2Br. The resulting carbocations have been isolated with several metal‐based counterions, varying in size and coordinating abilities ([AlCl4]−, [AlBr4]−, [(SnCl)(GaCl4)2]−, and [Al(OC(CF3)3)4]−). A variety of aggregation patterns in the solid state has been revealed based on different intermolecular interactions ranging from cation–anion to π–π stacking and to halogen⋅⋅⋅π interactions. For the [C20H10CH2Cl]+ ion crystallized with several different counterions, the conformation of the R group attached to the central five‐membered ring of corannulene moiety was found to depend on the solid‐state environment defined by the identity of anions. Solution NMR and UV/Vis investigations have been used to complement the X‐ray diffraction studies for this series of corannulene‐based cations and to demonstrate their different association patterns with the solvent molecules.