bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Multi-Material Bonded Assemblies on a Non-Conforming Mesh
Authors: Kumar Goldy , Shapiro Vadim 
Published: September 2013

Bonded multi-material assemblies arise frequently in design, manufacturing, architecture, and materials design. It is a common wisdom that finite element analysis of such assemblies usually requires all components to be represented by compatible finite element meshes; application of meshfree methods in such situations is often considered problematic due to the need to impose additional interface conditions. Neither approach scales to deal with realistically complex models arising in many applications.
We propose a simple extension of meshfree analysis on a non-conforming mesh for linear structural analysis of such multimaterial assemblies. The method is simple, can be implemented within most FEA packages and does not require either compatible meshing or complex interface boundary conditions. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that computed results are in good agreement with known analytical and computational results for well studied multi-material bonded assemblies (lap and butt joints). We also demonstrate application of the proposed method to realistically complex assembly of a mounted sculpture that cannot be easily analysed by other methods.
Determining the Stability of Collaborative R&D Networks
Authors: Altfeld Nils , Hinckeldeyn Johannes , Kreutzfeldt Jochen , Gust Peter 
Published: September 2013

To reduce the likelihood that R&D projects fail, companies tend to perform collaborative R&D activities in networks. A fundamental characteristic of networks is stability. This paper introduces a novel approach that theoretically determines the stability of R&D networks and combines the analysis of network topology with a two-layer simulation model.
Graph theory and measures from social network analysis are used to analyze the topology of collaborative R&D project networks. Our study enables us to identify the companies that play a key role in R&D networks. To ensure the right outcome of the collaborative R&D project, participants with a high betweenness centrality index should be monitored. These participants influence the stability of collaborative networks on a large scale. With these insights, an improved risk management approach can be set up.
Learn to Design by Mapping Information Among Several Methods
Authors: Rizzuti Sergio 
Published: September 2013

The paper is based on the experience matured in ten years of teaching “Product Design and Development” at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Calabria (Italy).
This paper is focused on the consideration that many of the methods employed during product design activity share a matrix formulation as a means of collecting and managing project data and that students must be familiarized with the use of this kind of data structure in a very different way from their previous experiences, because project management can be pursued by mapping information from one method to another.
Students are in fact guided to organize data related to the design on which they are involved in order to guarantee that the information can be mapped from one formulation to another, meaning that they have the whole design process under control. Attention will be paid to the pedagogic aspects and problems associated with the way how information can be collected and ranked and how a decision can be made.
Identifying Dilemmas Embodied in 21st Century Engineering
Authors: Bertus Christon , Khosrojerdi Amirhossein , Panchal Jitesh H. , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh 
Published: September 2013

The pedagogy and outcomes of a course Designing for Open Innovation designed to empower 21st century engineering students to develop competencies associated with innovating in an inter-connected technologically flat world are described in four parts:
1. Competencies for Innovating in the 21st Century, [1].
2. Developing Competencies in the 21st Century Engineer, [2].
3. Identifying Dilemmas Embodied in 21st Century Engineering - this paper.
4. Managing Dilemmas Embodied in 21st Century Engineering, [3].
In the first paper we describe the core characteristics of the engineering in an interconnected world and identify the key competencies and meta-competencies that 21st century engineers will need to innovate and negotiate solutions to issues associated with the realization of systems.
In the second paper, we describe our approach to fostering learning and the development of competencies by an individual in a group setting. We focus on empowering the students to learn how to learn as individuals in a geographically distanced, collaborative group setting.
We assert that two of the core competencies required for success in the dynamically changing workplace are the competencies to first identify and then to manage dilemmas. In this paper, we illustrate how students have gone about identifying dilemmas and in the fourth paper how they have attempted to manage dilemmas. In papers three and four students briefly describe the challenges that they faced and their takeaways in the form of team learning and individual learning.
We suggest that dilemmas associated with innovation cannot be solved they can only be managed. We assert that 20th century problem solving paradigms are ineffective for addressing 21st century dilemmas in which there are multiple and diverse stakeholders who are called on to find an acceptable solution to the competing interests such as profit, environment and socio-cultural. In this paper, we focus on how the students learned to identify dilemmas associated with the realization of complex, sustainable, socio-techno-eco systems, namely, energy policy design. The principal outcome is clearly not the result attained but a student’s ability to learn how to learn as illustrated through the development of personal competencies of two students (Bertus and Khosrojerdi) in a collaborative learning framework and environment.
Complete Genome Sequence of Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Isolated from an Olive Flounder in South Korea
Authors: Kim Jong-Oh , Kim Wi-Sik , Nishizawa Toyohiko , Oh Myung-Joo 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a seriously problematic pathogen in olive flounder (
Paralichthys olivaceus
) aquaculture farms in South Korea. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of VHSV which was isolated from spleen and kidney tissues of dead fish at an aquaculture farm in 2005. This genome sequence will be useful for virus diagnostics and in comparative analyses with other virus genotypes.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces albulus Strain CCRC 11814, an ε-Poly-
l
-Lysine-Producing Actinomycete
Authors: Dodd Amanda , Swanevelder Dirk , Featherston Jonathan , Rumbold Karl 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Streptomyces albulus
strain CCRC 11814, a soil-dwelling, Gram-positive bacterium.
S. albulus
produces ε-poly-
l
-lysine, which has diverse antimicrobial activity. The genome is 9.43 Mb in size, with a G+C content of 72.2%, and contains 9,177 protein-coding sequences.
PLA2R1 Mediates Tumor Suppression by Activating JAK2
Authors: Vindrieux David , Augert Arnaud , Girard Christophe A. , Gitenay Delphine , Lallet-Daher Helene , Wiel Clotilde , Le Calvé Benjamin , Gras Baptiste , Ferrand Mylène , Verbeke Stéphanie , de Launoit Yvan , Leroy Xavier , Puisieux Alain , Aubert Sébastien , Perrais Michael , Gelb Michael , Simonnet Hélène , Lambeau Gérard , Bernard David 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Little is known about the physiological role of the phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1). PLA2R1 has been described as regulating the replicative senescence, a telomerase-dependent proliferation arrest. The downstream PLA2R1 signaling and its role in cancer are currently unknown. Senescence induction in response to activated oncogenes is a failsafe program of tumor suppression that must be bypassed for tumorigenesis. We now present evidence that PLA2R1 functions in vitro as a tumor suppressor, the depletion of which is sufficient to escape oncogene-induced senescence (OIS), thereby facilitating oncogenic cell transformation. Furthermore, mice that are genetically deficient in PLA2R1 display increased sensitivity to RAS-induced tumorigenesis by facilitating OIS escape, highlighting its physiological role as a tumor suppressor. Unexpectedly, PLA2R1 activated JAK2 and its effector signaling, with PLA2R1-mediated inhibition of cell transformation largely reverted in JAK2-depleted cells. This finding was unexpected as the JAK2 pathway has been associated mainly with protumoral functions and several inhibitors are currently in clinical trials. Taken together, our findings uncover an unanticipated tumor suppressive role for PLA2R1 that is mediated by targeting downstream JAK2 effector signaling. Cancer Res; 73(20); 6334–45. ©2013 AACR.
c-Kit Is Suppressed in Human Colon Cancer Tissue and Contributes to L1-Mediated Metastasis
Authors: Gavert Nancy , Shvab Anna , Sheffer Michal , Ben-Shmuel Amir , Haase Gal , Bakos Eszter , Domany Eytan , Ben-Ze'ev Avri 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The transmembrane neural cell adhesion receptor L1 is a Wnt/β-catenin target gene expressed in many tumor types. In human colorectal cancer, L1 localizes preferentially to the invasive front of tumors and when overexpressed in colorectal cancer cells, it facilitates their metastasis to the liver. In this study, we investigated genes that are regulated in human colorectal cancer and by the L1-NF-κB pathway that has been implicated in liver metastasis. c-Kit was the most highly suppressed gene in both colorectal cancer tissue and the L1-NF-κB pathway. c-Kit suppression that resulted from L1-mediated signaling relied upon NF-κB, which directly inhibited the transcription of SP1, a major activator of the c-Kit gene promoter. Reconstituting c-Kit expression in L1-transfected cells blocked the biological effects conferred by L1 overexpression in driving motility and liver metastasis. We found that c-Kit expression in colorectal cancer cells is associated with a more pronounced epithelial morphology, along with increased expression of E-cadherin and decreased expression of Slug. Although c-Kit overexpression inhibited the motility and metastasis of L1-expressing colorectal cancer cells, it enhanced colorectal cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, arguing that separate pathways mediate tumorigenicity and metastasis by c-Kit. Our findings provide insights into how colorectal cancer metastasizes to the liver, the most common site of dissemination in this cancer. Cancer Res; 73(18); 5754–63. ©2013 AACR.
Inhibition of mTOR Pathway Sensitizes Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells to Aurora Inhibitors by Suppression of Glycolytic Metabolism
Authors: Liu Ling-Ling , Long Zi-Jie , Wang Le-Xun , Zheng Fei-Meng , Fang Zhi-Gang , Yan Min , Xu Dong-Fan , Chen Jia-Jie , Wang Shao-Wu , Lin Dong-Jun , Liu Quentin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAurora kinases are overexpressed in large numbers of tumors and considered as potential therapeutic targets. In this study, we found that the Aurora kinases inhibitors MK-0457 (MK) and ZM447439 (ZM) induced polyploidization in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines. The level of glycolytic metabolism was significantly increased in the polyploidy cells, which were sensitive to glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), suggesting that polyploidy cells might be eliminated by metabolism deprivation. Indeed, inhibition of mTOR pathway by mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin and PP242) or 2DG promoted not only apoptosis but also autophagy in the polyploidy cells induced by Aurora inhibitors. Mechanically, PP242 or2DGdecreased the level of glucose uptake and lactate production in polyploidy cells as well as the expression of p62/SQSTM1. Moreover, knockdown of p62/SQSTM1 sensitized cells to the Aurora inhibitor whereas overexpression of p62/SQSTM1 reduced drug efficacy. Thus, our results revealed that inhibition of mTOR pathway decreased the glycolytic metabolism of the polyploidy cells, and increased the efficacy of Aurora kinases inhibitors, providing a novel approach of combination treatment in AML. Mol Cancer Res; 11(11); 1326–36. ©2013 AACR.
CTP Synthase 1, a Smooth Muscle–Sensitive Therapeutic Target for Effective Vascular Repair
Authors: Tang Rui , Cui Xiao-Bing , Wang Jia-Ning , Chen Shi-You 
Published: September 2013

Objective—
Vascular remodeling as a result of smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and neointima formation is a major medical challenge in cardiovascular intervention. However, antineointima drugs often indistinguishably block re-endothelialization, an essential step toward successful vascular repair, because of their nonspecific effect on endothelial cells (ECs). The objective of this study is to identify a therapeutic target that differentially regulates SMC and EC proliferation.

Approach and Results—
Using both rat balloon injury and mouse wire injury models, we identified CTP synthase 1 (CTPS1) as one of the potential targets that may be used for developing therapeutics for treating neointima-related disorders. CTPS1 was induced in proliferative SMCs in vitro and neointima SMCs in vivo. Blockade of CTPS1 expression by small hairpin RNA or activity by cyclopentenyl cytosine suppressed SMC proliferation and neointima formation. Surprisingly, cyclopentenyl cytosine had much less effect on EC proliferation. Of importance, blockade of CTPS1 in vivo sustained the re-endothelialization as a result of induction of CTP synthesis salvage pathway enzymes nucleoside-diphosphate kinase A and B in ECs. Diphosphate kinase B seemed to preserve EC proliferation via use of extracellular cytidine to synthesize CTP. Indeed, blockade of both CTPS1 and diphosphate kinase B suppressed EC proliferation in vitro and the re-endothelialization in vivo.

Conclusions—
Our study uncovered a fundamental difference in CTP biosynthesis between SMCs and ECs during vascular remodeling, which provided a novel strategy by using cyclopentenyl cytosine or other CTPS1 inhibitors to selectively block SMC proliferation without disturbing or even promoting re-endothelialization for effective vascular repair after injury.
Effects of Topography on Assessing Wind Farm Impacts Using MODIS Data
Authors: Zhou Liming , Tian Yuhong , Chen Haishan , Dai Yongjiu , Harris Ronald A. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper uses the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to decompose satellite-derived nighttime land surface temperature (LST) for the period of 2003–11 into spatial patterns of different scales and thus to identify whether (i) there is a pattern of LST change associated with the development of wind farms and (ii) the warming effect over wind farms reported previously is an artifact of varied surface topography. Spatial pattern and time series analysis methods are also used to supplement and compare with the EOF results. Two equal-sized regions with similar topography in west-central Texas are chosen to represent the wind farm region (WFR) and nonwind farm region (NWFR), respectively. Results indicate that the nighttime warming effect seen in the first mode (EOF1) in WFR very likely represents the wind farm impacts due to its spatial coupling with the wind turbines, which are generally built on topographic high ground. The time series associated with the EOF1 mode in WFR also shows a persistent upward trend over wind farms from 2003 to 2011, corresponding to the increase of operating wind turbines with time. Also, the wind farm pixels show a warming effect that differs statistically significantly from their upwind high-elevation pixels and their downwind nonwind farm pixels at similar elevations, and this warming effect decreases with elevation. In contrast, NWFR shows a decrease in LST with increasing surface elevation and no warming effects over high-elevation ridges, indicating that the presence of wind farms in WFR has changed the LST–elevation relationship shown in NWFR. The elevation impacts on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST, if any, are much smaller and statistically insignificant than the strong and persistent signal of wind farm impacts. These results provide further observational evidence of the warming effect of wind farms reported previously.
Response of the Wintertime Northern Hemisphere Atmospheric Circulation to Current and Projected Arctic Sea Ice Decline: A Numerical Study with CAM5
Authors: Peings Yannick , Magnusdottir Gudrun 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
The wintertime Northern Hemisphere (NH) atmospheric circulation response to current (2007–12) and projected (2080–99) Arctic sea ice decline is examined with the latest version of the Community Atmospheric Model (CAM5). The numerical experiments suggest that the current sea ice conditions force a remote atmospheric response in late winter that favors cold land surface temperatures over midlatitudes, as has been observed in recent years. Anomalous Rossby waves forced by the sea ice anomalies penetrate into the stratosphere in February and weaken the stratospheric polar vortex, resulting in negative anomalies of the northern annular mode (NAM) that propagate downward during the following weeks, especially over the North Pacific. The seasonality of the response is attributed to timing of the phasing between the forced and climatological waves. When sea ice concentration taken from projections of conditions at the end of the twenty-first century is prescribed to the model, negative anomalies of the NAM are visible in the troposphere, both in early and late winter. This response is mainly driven by the large warming of the lower troposphere over the Arctic, as little impact is found in the stratosphere in this experiment. As a result of the thermal expansion of the polar troposphere, the westerly flow is decelerated and a weak but statistically significant increase of the midlatitude meanders is identified. However, the thermodynamical response extends beyond the Arctic and offsets the dynamical effect, such that the stronger sea ice forcing has limited impact on the intensity of cold extremes over midlatitudes.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Deep-Cycle Turbulence in an Equatorial Undercurrent Model
Authors: Pham Hieu T. , Sarkar Sutanu , Winters Kraig B. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Dynamical processes leading to deep-cycle turbulence in the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) are investigated using a high-resolution large-eddy simulation (LES) model. Components of the model include a background flow similar to the observed EUC, a steady westward wind stress, and a diurnal surface buoyancy flux. An LES of a 3-night period shows the presence of narrowband isopycnal oscillations near the local buoyancy frequency N as well as nightly bursts of deep-cycle turbulence at depths well below the surface mixed layer, the two phenomena that have been widely noted in observations. The deep cycle of turbulence is initiated when the surface heating in the evening relaxes, allowing a region with enhanced shear and a gradient Richardson number Rig less than 0.2 to form below the surface mixed layer. The region with enhanced shear moves downward into the EUC and is accompanied by shear instabilities and bursts of turbulence. The dissipation rate during the turbulence bursts is elevated by up to three orders of magnitude. Each burst is preceded by westward-propagating oscillations having a frequency of 0.004–0.005 Hz and a wavelength of 314–960 m. The Rig that was marginally stable in this region decreases to less than 0.2 prior to the bursts. A downward turbulent flux of momentum increases the shear at depth and reduces Rig. Evolution of the deep-cycle turbulence includes Kelvin–Helmholtz-like billows as well as vortices that penetrate downward and are stretched by the EUC shear.
A Review and Practical Guide to In-Flight Calibration for Aircraft Turbulence Sensors
Authors: Drüe Clemens , Heinemann Günther 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA large number of quantities have to be measured and processed to determine the atmospheric-state variables, which are the actual measurands, from aircraft-based measurements. A great part of the dependencies between these quantities depends on the aerodynamic state of the aircraft. Aircraft-based meteorological measurements, hence, require in-flight calibration. Most operators of research aircraft perform some kind of calibration, but the schemes used and the degree they are documented greatly vary. The flight maneuvers and calculation methods required, however, are published in a number of partly overlapping and partly contradictory publications. Some methods are only presented as a minor issue in publications mainly focused on atmospheric processes and are therefore hard to find. For an aircraft user, it is hence challenging to either perform or verify a calibration because of missing comprehensive guidance. This lack was stated on occasion of the in-flight calibration of the German research aircraft Polar5 carried out for the field experiment Investigation of Katabatic Winds and Polynyas during Summer (IKAPOS). In the present paper, a comprehensive review of the existing literature on this field and a practical guide to the wind calibration of a research aircraft to be used for turbulent flux measurements are given.
Skill of the MJO and Northern Hemisphere Blocking in GEFS Medium-Range Reforecasts
Authors: Hamill Thomas M. , Kiladis George N. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Forecast characteristics of Northern Hemisphere atmospheric blocking and the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) were diagnosed using an extensive time series (December–February 1985–2012) of daily medium-range ensemble reforecasts based on a version of the NCEP Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS).
For blocking, (i) interannual variability of analyzed blocking frequency was quite large, (ii) the GEFS slightly underforecasted blocking frequency at longer leads in the Euro-Atlantic sector, (iii) predictive skill of actual blocking was substantially smaller than its perfect-model skill, (iv) block onset and cessation were forecast less well than overall blocking frequency, (v) there was substantial variability of blocking skill between half-decadal periods, and (vi) the reliability of probabilistic blocking forecasts degraded with increasing lead time.
For the MJO, (i) forecasts of strong Indian Ocean MJOs propagated too slowly, especially the component associated with outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), that is, convection; (ii) tropical precipitation was greatly overforecast at early lead times; (iii) the ensemble predictions were biased and/or underdispersive, manifested in U-shaped rank histograms of MJO indices (magnitude forecasts were especially U shaped); (iv) MJO correlation skill was larger for its wind than for its OLR component, and was larger for the higher-amplitude MJO events; (v) there was some half-decadal variability in skill; and (vi) probabilistic skill of the MJO forecast was modest, and skill was larger when measured relative to climatology than when measured relative to a lagged persistence forecast.
For longer-lead forecasts, the GEFS demonstrated little ability to replicate the changes in blocking frequency due to a strong MJO that were noted in analyzed data.