bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social inequalities in childcare quality and their effects on children's development at school entry: findings from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children
Authors: Gialamas Angela , Mittinty Murthy N , Sawyer Michael G , Zubrick Stephen R , Lynch John 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundHigher quality childcare in the years before school may help narrow developmental gaps between the richest and poorest children in our societies, but specific evidence is limited and inconsistent. We address this issue by examining whether higher quality childcare is associated with better developmental outcomes at school entry for children from lower than higher income families.MethodsThe sample from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children included children attending childcare from 2 to 3 years (n=980–1187, depending on outcome). Childcare quality was measured using carers assessment of their relationship with the child. Children's receptive vocabulary was directly assessed in the child's home, and behavioural difficulties were measured by teachers and parents at 4–5 years. We assessed additive and multiplicative income-related effect measure modification of the quality of carer–child relationship on developmental outcomes.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding, there was some evidence of effect measure modification on the additive and multiplicative scales of childcare quality by income. Children experiencing higher quality relationships and lower income had almost the same risk of poorer receptive vocabulary as children in higher quality relationships and higher incomes (relative excess risk due to interaction=0.18; 95% CI −0.20 to 0.52), ratio of relative risks=1.11 (1.04 to 1.17)). These patterns were similar for teacher-reported and parent-reported behavioural difficulties.ConclusionsThe effects of higher quality childcare, in terms of quality relationships with carers, on children's cognitive and behavioural development at school entry were stronger among children from lower income families. This provides some evidence that higher quality relationships in childcare may be especially important in helping reduce developmental gaps for children from lower income families.
Survivors of Childhood Cancer in the United States: Prevalence and Burden of Morbidity
Authors: Phillips Siobhan M. , Padgett Lynne S. , Leisenring Wendy M. , Stratton Kayla K. , Bishop Ken , Krull Kevin R. , Alfano Catherine M. , Gibson Todd M. , de Moor Janet S. , Hartigan Danielle Blanch , Armstrong Gregory T. , Robison Leslie L. , Rowland Julia H. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Mariotto Angela B. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Background: No studies have estimated the population-level burden of morbidity in individuals diagnosed with cancer as children (ages 0–19 years). We updated prevalence estimates of childhood cancer survivors as of 2011 and burden of morbidity in this population reflected by chronic conditions, neurocognitive dysfunction, compromised health-related quality of life, and health status (general health, mental health, functional impairment, functional limitations, pain, and fear/anxiety).
Methods: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program data from 1975 to 2011 were used to update the prevalence of survivors of childhood cancers in the United States. Childhood Cancer Survivor Study data were used to obtain estimates of morbidity burden indicators, which were then extrapolated to SEER data to obtain population-level estimates.
Results: There were an estimated 388,501 survivors of childhood cancer in the United States as of January 1, 2011, of whom 83.5% are ≥5 years after diagnosis. The prevalence of any chronic condition among ≥5-year survivors ranged from 66% (ages 5–19) to 88% (ages 40–49). Estimates for specific morbidities ranged from 12% (pain) to 35% (neurocognitive dysfunction). Generally, morbidities increased by age. However, mental health and anxiety remained fairly stable, and neurocognitive dysfunction exhibited initial decline and then remained stable by time since diagnosis.
Conclusions: The estimated prevalence of survivors of childhood cancer is increasing, as is the estimated prevalence of morbidity in those ≥5 years after diagnosis.
Impact: Efforts to understand how to effectively decrease morbidity burden and incorporate effective care coordination and rehabilitation models to optimize longevity and well-being in this population should be a priority. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(4); 653–63. ©2015 AACR.
Acculturation and Ethnic Variations in Breast Cancer Risk Factors, Gail Model Risk Estimates and Mammographic Breast Density
Authors: Tehranifar P , Protacio A , Akinyemiju TF , Schmitt K , Desperito E , Terry MB 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) incidence varies across countries and across US ethnic groups. US Immigrants often exhibit an intermediate level of risk between those observed in their birth country and in the US. This transition of risk may partly be explained by uptake of risk factors associated with acculturation. Investigating whether immigration and acculturation risk patterns are similarly reflected in disease biomarkers can provide insight into mechanisms underlying the transition of risk. We examined differences in the distribution of BC risk factors, absolute risk estimates and mammographic density by ethnicity and acculturation. We used data from 366 women recruited from an urban mammography clinic (ages 40–64 years) to compare BC risk factors and Gail model risk estimates across US-born white, US-born African American [AA], US-born Hispanic and foreign-born Hispanic women. We used linear regression models to examine the associations of immigration and acculturation indicators (e.g., generational status, age and life stage at immigration, language use) with percent density and dense breast area, measured from mammograms. Differences in BC risk factors were mostly observed for ethnic groups, with white women having higher reproductive and lifestyle risk profiles (e.g., lower parity, older age at first birth, higher alcohol intake), Hispanics having shorter height and AAs having larger body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. The average lifetime and 5-year Gail estimates were highest in whites (11.4% & 1.4%), intermediate in AAs (7.2% & 1.0%) and lowest in Hispanics (6.9% & 0.7% in US-born and 6.6% & 0.8% in foreign-born). After adjusting for age, BMI and parity, lower linguistic acculturation, shorter residence in the US, and later age at immigration were associated with lower percent density (all p values for trend across acculturation levels &lt;0.05); e.g., monolingual Spanish and bilingual speakers respectively had on average 5.6% (95% CI, −10.0–−1.3) and 3.8% (95% CI, −8.1–0.4) lower percent density than monolingual English speakers. Similar but more modest associations were observed for dense area. The increase in BC risk after immigration to the US and subsequent acculturation may operate via influences on mammographic density in Hispanic women.
Effects of a 16-week Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Intervention on Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight/Obese Latina Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Dieli-Conwright CM , Mortimer JE , Spicer D , Tripathy D , Buchanan T , Demark-Wahenfried W , Bernstein L 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This randomized controlled trial was designed to assess the effects of a 16-week combined (aerobic and resistance) exercise intervention on metabolic syndrome (MetS) in overweight and obese Latina breast cancer survivors (LBCS). MetS is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and possibly cancer recurrence, and is defined by increased waist circumference (WC), elevated blood glucose (BG), high triglycerides (TG), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and elevated blood pressure (BP). Methods. Forty LBCS (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) were recruited from the USC Lee Breast Clinic and Los Angeles County Hospitals. Participants were randomized to either the Control (CON; n = 20) or the Exercise (EX; n = 20) groups. Participants were tested for MetS outcomes including BP, WC, fasting levels of FBG, HDL, and TG at baseline, post-intervention, and 12-weeks post- intervention (EX group only). The EX group participated in aerobic and resistance exercise sessions 3 times a week for 16 weeks, supervised by an exercise specialist at the WHEL. Aerobic exercise included cycling, walking, or jogging at 65–85% heart rate maximum. Resistance exercise was performed in circuit-fashion with 3 sets of 10–15 repetitions including upper and lower body exercises at 65–70% 1-repetition maximum. The CON group was asked to maintain less than 120 min/week of exercise during the study period. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to test for statistically significant between-group differences in MetS. Results. There were no significant group differences in MetS between the EX and CON groups at baseline (P &gt; 0.01). However, post-intervention, all MetS components were significantly lower in the EX group than the CON group (P &lt; 0.01). Further, in the EX group, MetS at 12-week post- intervention was not statistically different from post-intervention (P &gt; 0.01). Conclusions. A 16-week supervised resistance and aerobic exercise intervention attenuated MetS in overweight and obese LBCS. Further, reductions in MetS components were maintained following the completion of the intervention, suggesting that the benefits of the intervention on MetS were sustainable in the absence of a supervised intervention.
Dual Blockade with AFatinib and Trastuzumab as NEoadjuvant Treatment for Patients with Locally Advanced or Operable Breast Cancer Receiving Taxane–Anthracycline Containing Chemotherapy—DAFNE (GBG-70)
Authors: Hanusch Claus , Schneeweiss Andreas , Loibl Sibylle , Untch Michael , Paepke Stefan , Kümmel Sherko , Jackisch Christian , Huober Jens , Hilfrich Jörn , Gerber Bernd , Eidtmann Holger , Denkert Carsten , Costa Serban , Blohmer Jens Uwe , Engels Knut , Burchardi Nicole , von Minckwitz Gunter 
Published: April 2015

AbstractPurpose: Dual anti-HER2 blockade with trastuzumab/pertuzumab or trastuzumab/lapatinib in combination with anthracycline/taxane–based chemotherapy can reach pathologic complete response (pCR) rates of up to 60% in HER2-positive breast cancer. The DAFNE (Dual blockade with AFatinib and trastuzumab as NEoadjuvant treatment) phase II study (NCT015591477) investigated a dual blockade with the irreversible pan-HER inhibitor afatinib and trastuzumab in this setting.Experimental Design: Participants with untreated, centrally HER2-positive breast cancer were treated for 6 weeks with afatinib (20 mg/d) and trastuzumab [(8) 6 mg/kg/3 weeks] alone; followed by 12-week treatment with paclitaxel (80 mg/m2/1 week), trastuzumab, and afatinib; followed by 12 weeks with epirubicin (90 mg/m2/3 weeks), cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m2/3 weeks), and trastuzumab before surgery. Primary objective was pCR rate, defined as ypT0/is ypN0. We expected a pCR rate of 70%; 65 patients were needed to exclude a rate of ≤55%.Results: pCR rate was 49.2% [90% confidence interval (CI), 38.5–60.1] in 65 treated patients. Patients with hormone receptor–negative (N = 19) or hormone receptor–positive (N = 46) tumors showed pCR rates of 63.2% and 43.5%, respectively (P = 0.153). Patients with (N = 9) or without (N = 56) lymphocyte predominant breast cancer (LPBC) showed pCR rates of 100% and 41.1%, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). PCR rate was not different in patients with or without PIK3CA tumor mutations (P = 0.363). Clinical responses were seen in 96.3% of 54 evaluable patients, and breast conserving surgery was possible in 59.4% of 62 assessable patients. Most frequent nonhematologic grade 3–4 toxicities were diarrhea (7.7%), increased creatinine (4.6%), and infection (4.6%). One patient developed symptomatic congestive heart failure.Conclusions: Neoadjuvant treatment with afatinib, trastuzumab, and chemotherapy showed acceptable tolerability, and a pCR rate comparable with that of other anti-HER2 doublets but below challenging expectations. Clin Cancer Res; 21(13); 2924–31. ©2015 AACR.
Genetic Engineering of T Cells to Target HERV-K, an Ancient Retrovirus on Melanoma
Authors: Krishnamurthy Janani , Rabinovich Brian A. , Mi Tiejuan , Switzer Kirsten C. , Olivares Simon , Maiti Sourindra N. , Plummer Joshua B. , Singh Harjeet , Kumaresan Pappanaicken R. , Huls Helen M. , Wang-Johanning Feng , Cooper Laurence J.N. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Purpose: The human endogenous retrovirus (HERV-K) envelope (env) protein is a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) expressed on melanoma but not normal cells. This study was designed to engineer a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) on T-cell surface, such that they target tumors in advanced stages of melanoma.
Experimental Design: Expression of HERV-K protein was analyzed in 220 melanoma samples (with various stages of disease) and 139 normal organ donor tissues using immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. HERV-K env–specific CAR derived from mouse monoclonal antibody was introduced into T cells using the transposon-based Sleeping Beauty (SB) system. HERV-K env–specific CAR+ T cells were expanded ex vivo on activating and propagating cells (AaPC) and characterized for CAR expression and specificity. This includes evaluating the HERV-K–specific CAR+ T cells for their ability to kill A375-SM metastasized tumors in a mouse xenograft model.
Results: We detected HERV-K env protein on melanoma but not in normal tissues. After electroporation of T cells and selection on HERV-K+ AaPC, more than 95% of genetically modified T cells expressed the CAR with an effector memory phenotype and lysed HERV-K env+ tumor targets in an antigen-specific manner. Even though there is apparent shedding of this TAA from tumor cells that can be recognized by HERV-K env–specific CAR+ T cells, we observed a significant antitumor effect.
Conclusions: Adoptive cellular immunotherapy with HERV-K env–specific CAR+ T cells represents a clinically appealing treatment strategy for advanced-stage melanoma and provides an approach for targeting this TAA on other solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 21(14); 3241–51. ©2015 AACR.
c-MYC Generates Repair Errors via Increased Transcription of Alternative-NHEJ Factors, LIG3 and PARP1, in Tyrosine Kinase–Activated Leukemias
Authors: Muvarak Nidal , Kelley Shannon , Robert Carine , Baer Maria R. , Perrotti Danilo , Gambacorti-Passerini Carlo , Civin Curt , Scheibner Kara , Rassool Feyruz V. 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Leukemias expressing the constitutively activated tyrosine kinases (TK) BCR-ABL1 and FLT3/ITD activate signaling pathways that increase genomic instability through generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), and error-prone repair. The nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway is a major pathway for DSB repair and is highly aberrant in TK-activated leukemias; an alternative form of NHEJ (ALT-NHEJ) predominates, evidenced by increased expression of DNA ligase IIIα (LIG3) and PARP1, increased frequency of large genomic deletions, and repair using DNA sequence microhomologies. This study, for the first time, demonstrates that the TK target c-MYC plays a role in transcriptional activation and subsequent expression of LIG3 and PARP1 and contributes to the increased error-prone repair observed in TK-activated leukemias. c-MYC negatively regulates microRNAs miR-150 and miR-22, which demonstrate an inverse correlation with LIG3 and PARP1 expression in primary and cultured leukemia cells and chronic myelogenous leukemia human patient samples. Notably, inhibition of c-MYC and overexpression of miR-150 and -22 decreases ALT-NHEJ activity. Thus, BCR-ABL1 or FLT3/ITD induces c-MYC expression, leading to genomic instability via augmented expression of ALT-NHEJ repair factors that generate repair errors.
Implications: In the context of TK-activated leukemias, c-MYC contributes to aberrant DNA repair through downstream targets LIG3 and PARP1, which represent viable and attractive therapeutic targets. Mol Cancer Res; 13(4); 699–712. ©2015 AACR.
Anatomic Characteristics and Clinical Implications of Angiographic Coronary Thrombus
Authors: Campos Carlos M. , Costa Francesco , Garcia-Garcia Hector M. , Bourantas Christos , Suwannasom Pannipa , Valgimigli Marco , Morel Marie-Angele , Windecker Stephan , Serruys Patrick W. 
Published: April 2015

Background—
The distribution of thrombus-containing lesions (TCLs) in an all-comer population admitted with a heterogeneous clinical presentation (stable, ustable angina, or an acute coronary syndrome) and treated with percutaneous coronary intervention is yet unclear, and the long-term prognostic implications are still disputed. This study sought to assess the distribution and prognostic implications of coronary thrombus, detected by coronary angiography, in a population recruited in all-comer percutaneous coronary intervention trials.

Methods and Results—

Patient-level data from 3 contemporary coronary stent trials were pooled by an independent academic research organization (Cardialysis, Rotterdam, the Netherlands). Clinical outcomes in terms of major adverse cardiac events (major adverse cardiac events, a composite of death, myocardial infarction, and repeat revascularization), death, myocardial infarction, and repeated revascularization were compared between patients with and without angiographic TCL. Preprocedural TCL was present in 257 patients (5.8%) and absent in 4193 (94.2%) patients. At 3-year follow-up, there was no difference for major adverse cardiac events (25.3 versus 25.4%;
P
=0.683); all-cause death (7.4 versus 6.8%;
P
=0.683); myocardial infarction (5.8 versus 6.0%;
P
=0.962), and any revascularizations (17.5 versus 17.7%;
P
=0.822) between patients with and without TCL. The comparison of outcomes in groups weighing the jeopardized myocardial by TCL also did not show a significant difference. TCL were seen more often in the first 2 segments of the right (43.6%) and left anterior descending (36.8%) coronary arteries. The association of TCL and bifurcation lesions was present in 40.1% of the prespecified segments.

Conclusions—
TCL involved mainly the proximal coronary segments and did not have any effect on clinical outcomes. A more detailed thrombus burden quantification is required to investigate its prognostic implications.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifiers: NCT00114972, NCT01443104, NCT00617084.
Impacts of Intraseasonal SST Anomalies on Precipitation during Indian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Xi Jingyuan , Zhou Lei , Murtugudde Raghu , Jiang Lianghong 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
The forcing and response relation between the ocean and the atmosphere is often a two-way street. Based on the correlation between the surface heat flux and sea surface temperature (SST), it is found that the ocean plays an active role during the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) in two regions: one is the western coast of the Indian peninsula (WCI) and the other is the northern Bay of Bengal (NBB). A focus is made on the impacts of intraseasonal oceanic variabilities on heavy precipitation in these two regions during the ISM. Results show that warm intraseasonal SST anomalies contribute to the instabilities and deep convection in the atmosphere. In WCI, static instability is largely responsible for triggering convection, while in NBB, convection is mainly attributable to baroclinic instability. Despite such regional differences in instability mechanisms, heavy precipitation events during the ISM usually occur within ~3–6 days after the warm SST anomalies are organized. Understanding this process will be helpful to improve the predictive skill of the intraseasonal variabilities during the ISM, which is the lifeline for the countries on the rim of the Indian Ocean, whose food production depends critically on this seasonal phenomenon.
Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Link with the Asian Summer Monsoon*
Authors: Wang Meirong , Duan Anmin 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Intraseasonal variation (ISV) is especially prominent and unique in the Asian summer monsoon region. In this work, the dominant ISV mode over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) in the summer monsoon season (June–August), together with its structure and evolution, is identified using station observations, Global Precipitation Climatology Project precipitation data, and ERA-Interim during 1979–2011. Results indicate that quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) is the dominant mode of ISV over the TP and is significant in terms of the circulation, precipitation, and diabatic heating fields. In particular, the QBWO is closely related to the onset and active/break phases of the TP summer monsoon. In most cases, the QBWO originates from the equatorial western Pacific and first propagates northwestward to the Bay of Bengal and northern India, then northward to the southeastern TP, and finally eastward to the East Asian area, showing a clockwise propagation pathway. Two main mechanisms are responsible for the northward propagation of the QBWO signals. The first, in operation when the QBWO signals are located to the south of 20°N, is the generation of barotropic vorticity induced by the easterly vertical shear, leading to the northward movement of the convection. The second mechanism, responsible for the propagation taking place farther north toward the TP, is a moisture advection effect that destabilizes the lower atmosphere ahead of the convection. Further analyses suggest that the QBWO plays a role in linking the ISV of the different subsystems of the Asian summer monsoon as a macroscale monsoon system.
A Multimodel Ensemble Pattern Regression Method to Correct the Tropical Pacific SST Change Patterns under Global Warming
Authors: Huang Ping , Ying Jun 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
This study develops a new observational constraint method, called multimodel ensemble pattern regression (EPR), to correct the projections of regional climate change by the conventional unweighted multimodel mean (MMM). The EPR method first extracts leading modes of historical bias using intermodel EOF analysis, then builds up the linear correlated modes between historical bias and change bias using multivariant linear regression, and finally estimates the common change bias induced by common historical bias. Along with correcting common change bias, the EPR method implicitly removes the intermodel uncertainty in the change projection deriving from the intermodel diversity in background simulation.
The EPR method is applied to correct the patterns of tropical Pacific SST changes using the historical and representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) runs in 30 models from phase 5 of CMIP (CMIP5) and observed SSTs. The common bias patterns of the tropical Pacific SSTs in historical runs, including the excessive cold tongue, the southeastern warm bias, and the narrower warm pool, are estimated to induce La Niña–like change biases. After the estimated common change biases are removed, the corrected SST changes display a pronounced El Niño–like pattern and have much greater zonal gradients. The bias correction decreases by around half of the intermodel uncertainties in the MMM SST projections. The patterns of corrected tropical precipitation and circulation change are dominated by the enhanced SST change patterns, displaying a pronounced warmer-get-wetter pattern and a decreased Walker circulation with decreased uncertainties.