bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of changing trends of treatment on outcome of cerebral gliosarcoma: A tertiary care centre experience
Authors: Narendra Kumar , Bhattacharyya Tapesh , Karan Chanchalani , Shalunke Praveen , Radotra B D , Yadav Budhi Singh 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Aim: To assess clinicopathological features and outcomes in patients of primary gliosarcoma with changing trends of treatment. Materials and Methods: Medical records were reviewed and data collected on primary gliosarcoma over a 5-year period (2009–2013) from the departmental case files. Results: A total 27 patients were included in this study. The median age of presentation was 54 years. There was a slight male preponderance, with male to female ratio of 1.25:1. The most common location of the tumor was temporal lobe (44.4%). Gross total resection was possible in 19 cases, near total excision was done in five cases, and only partial excision with decompression in three cases. Of the 27 patients, 80.8% patients received post-operative radical external beam radiotherapy of 60 Gy/30#/6 weeks. Concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide was used in 42.3% cases, depending on affordability and tolerance. Median overall survival was 9 months. On subgroup analysis, median overall survival in the radiotherapy plus temozolomide group was 10 months as compared to 9 months in the radiotherapy alone group; however, this was not statistically significant.(P = 0.244). Conclusion: Treating Gliosarcoma is a major therapeutic challenge for a clinician because of its poor prognosis, aggressive clinical behavior, rarity, and limited clinical experience. With surgery and concurrent chemoradiation, we were able to achieve a median overall survival of 9 months. Addition of temozolomide has shown a better trend in survival though it is not statistically significant.
Simulation of Earthquake Rupture Dynamics in Complex Geometries Using Coupled Finite Difference and Finite Volume Methods
Authors: O'Reilly Ossian , Nordström Jan , Kozdon Jeremy E. , Dunham Eric M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe couple a node-centered finite volume method to a high order finite difference method to simulate dynamic earthquake ruptures along nonplanar faults in two dimensions. The finite volume method is implemented on an unstructured mesh, providing the ability to handle complex geometries. The geometric complexities are limited to a small portion of the overall domain and elsewhere the high order finite difference method is used, enhancing efficiency. Both the finite volume and finite difference methods are in summation-by-parts form. Interface conditions coupling the numerical solution across physical interfaces like faults, and computational ones between structured and unstructured meshes, are enforced weakly using the simultaneous-approximation-term technique. The fault interface condition, or friction law, provides a nonlinear relation between fields on the two sides of the fault, and allows for the particle velocity field to be discontinuous across it. Stability is proved by deriving energy estimates; stability, accuracy, and efficiency of the hybrid method are confirmed with several computational experiments. The capabilities of the method are demonstrated by simulating an earthquake rupture propagating along the margins of a volcanic plug.
“Becoming One”: Embodying Korean P’ungmul Percussion Band Music and Dance through Site-Specific Intermodal Transmission
Authors: Kwon Donna Lee 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Abstract. This article focuses on the P’ilbong p’ungmul transmission center as a case study of a relatively new type of cultural institution in South Korea. I examine how these transmission centers structure the experience of an expressive folk culture form by emphasizing site-specific instruction and employing intermodal pedagogical techniques that specifically heighten an awareness of the body in both place and space. I argue that the P’ilbong p’ungmul transmission center encourages the embodiment of an alternative Korean sensibility that is expressed through music, dance and other social activities, but is further enhanced by situating the body within iconically “Korean” spaces.
요약. 이 논문은 한국의 다소 새로운 형태의 문화시설이라 할 수 있는 필 봉농악 전수회관에 관한 사례를 다르고 있다. 이 글에서 연구자는 전수관 이라는 장소에 맞춘 교육과 장소와 공간에서 신체에 대한 인식을 고양시 키는 통합적인 교육방식을 강조함으로써 어떻게 필봉농악 전수관이 풍부 한 표현이 담긴 민속문화의 경험을 구성하는지를 검토하고자 한다. 이를 통해 연구자는 필봉농악 전수관이 음악, 춤, 그리고 사교적인 활동을 통해 드러나는 대안적 한국인의 감성을 형상화 할 뿐만 아니라 한발 더 나아가 신체를 상징적으로 “한국적 공간”속에 위치시킴으로써 이러한 감성을 더 욱 강화되고 있음을 보여주고자 한다.
Performing Colonic Mast Cell Counts in Patients With Chronic Diarrhea of Unknown Etiology Has Limited Diagnostic Use
Authors: Sethi Aisha , Jain Dhanpat , Roland Bani Chander , Kinzel Jason , Gibson Joanna , Schrader Ronald , Hanson Joshua Anspach 
Published: January 2015

ContextMastocytic enterocolitis is a recently described entity defined by chronic diarrhea of unknown etiology and normal colon biopsy results with increased mast cells (MCs) seen on special stains. These patients may benefit from mast cell stabilizers; however, the clinical utility of MC counts remains unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the clinical utility of colonic MC counts on normal biopsies in patients with chronic diarrhea of unknown etiology.DesignBlinded MC counts using a c-Kit stain were performed in 76 consecutive patients with chronic diarrhea of unknown etiology who had normal colon biopsy results and in 89 consecutive control patients presenting for screening colonoscopy. Mast cells were counted per single high-power field in the highest-density area. A t test was used to compare the counts, and receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to examine sensitive and specific cutoff values.ResultsOverall, MC counts averaged 31 MCs per high-power field in the study group versus 24 MCs per high-power field in the control group (P &lt; .001). When stratified by location, a significant increase was seen in biopsies from the left colon only. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that overall MC counts, left-sided MC counts, and the difference between right- and left-sided MC counts did not yield discriminatory cutoff values (area under the curve, 0.68, 0.74, and 0.81, respectively).ConclusionsMast cell counts were increased in patients with chronic diarrhea of unknown etiology, primarily in the left colon. However, receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrates no discriminatory cutoff values. Quantitative MC stains yield little useful diagnostic information, and further studies are necessary to determine whether mastocytic enterocolitis truly represents a distinct entity.
Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Fine-Needle Aspiration and/or Core Needle Biopsy for Subclassifying Lymphoma
Authors: Frederiksen John K. , Sharma Meenal , Casulo Carla , Burack W. Richard 
Published: January 2015

ContextThe World Health Organization system for lymphoma classification relies on histologic findings from excisional biopsies. In contradistinction to expert guidelines, practitioners increasingly rely on fine-needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsies rather than excisional biopsies to diagnose lymphomas.ObjectiveTo determine a rate at which fine-needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsies, combined with flow cytometry and/or genetic techniques, can provide a diagnosis sufficient for optimal medical management of lymphoma.Data SourcesThe English-language literature on fine-needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsies for lymphoma was reviewed to identify studies that provided interpretations of all specimens regardless of whether these were deemed diagnostic.ConclusionsForty-two studies (1989–2012) specified the lymphoma subtypes for each diagnosis or indicated a rate at which the methods failed to provide a diagnosis. The median rate at which fine-needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsies yielded a subtype-specific diagnosis of lymphoma was 74%. Strictly adhering to expert guidelines, which state that follicular lymphoma cannot be graded by these techniques, decreased the diagnostic yield further to 66%. Thus, 25% to 35% of fine-needle aspirates and/or core biopsies of nodes must be followed by an excisional lymph node biopsy to fully classify lymphoma.
Differentiating Benign From Malignant Bone Marrow B-Cell Lymphoid Aggregates: A Statistical Analysis of Distinguishing Features
Authors: Johnston Abbey , Brynes Russell K. , Naemi Kaveh , Reisian Niloufar , Bhansali Deepty , Zhao Xiaohui , Rezk Sherif A. 
Published: January 2015

ContextLymphoid aggregates are seen in a minority of bone marrow biopsy specimens, and when present, their neoplastic nature is often apparent by morphologic evaluation. However, the distinction between benign and malignant aggregates can be a diagnostic challenge when there are multiple aggregates with no documented history of lymphoma.ObjectiveTo aid in the distinction between benign and malignant B-cell lymphoid aggregates.DesignPreviously, we described specific distribution patterns for B and T lymphocytes within bone marrow aggregates. To statistically analyze the significance of these patterns as well as previously reported criteria, we examined 128 bone marrow specimens with benign aggregates and 78 specimens with documented malignant B-cell aggregates and calculated specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to aid in differentiating between benign and malignant B-cell aggregates.ResultsAggregates with infiltrative edges (OR, 80.54; 95% CI, 31.76–204.21), a B-cell pattern (OR, 30.08; 95% CI, 13.28–68.10), paratrabecular location (OR, 10.17; 95% CI, 3.96–26.12), size greater than 600 μm (OR, 6.83: 95% CI, 3.61–12.93), or cytologic atypia correlated with malignancy.ConclusionWhen taken collectively, the presence of more than 2 of these characteristic features was strongly predictive of malignancy.
Engineers and the Making of the Francoist Regime
Authors: Camprubí Lino 
Published: January 2015

How engineers and agricultural scientists became key actors inFranco's regime and Spain's forced modernization.
In this book, Lino Camprubí argues that science and technology were at the very center of the building of Franco's Spain. Previous histories of early Francoist science and technology have described scientists and engineers as working “under” Francoism, subject to censorship and bound by politically mandated research agendas. Camprubí offers a different perspective, considering instead scientists' and engineers' active roles in producing those political mandates. Many scientists and engineers had been exiled, imprisoned, or executed by the regime. Camprubí argues that those who remained made concrete the mission of “redemption” that Franco had invented for himself. This gave them the opportunity to become key actors—and mid-level decision makers—within the regime.
Camprubí describes a series of projects across Spain undertaken by the civil engineers and agricultural scientists who placed themselves at the center of their country's forced modernization. These include a coal silo, built in 1953, viewed as an embodiment of Spain's industrialized landscape; links between laboratories, architects, and the national Catholic church (and between technology and authoritarian control); vertically organized rice production and research on genetics; river management and the contested meanings of self-sufficiency; and the circulation of construction standards by mobile laboratories as an engine for European integration. Separately, each chapter offers a fascinating microhistory that illustrates the coevolution of Francoist science, technology, and politics. Taken together, they reveal networks of people, institutions, knowledge, artifacts, and technological systems woven together to form a new state.
Volumetric Blood Flow in Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Revision Using 3‐Dimensional Doppler Sonography
Authors: Pinter Stephen Z. , Rubin Jonathan M. , Kripfgans Oliver D. , Novelli Paula M. , Vargas-Vila Mario , Hall Anne L. , Fowlkes J. Brian 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesThree‐dimensional (3D)/4‐dimensional (4D) sonographic measurement of blood volume flow in transjugular intrahepatic porto systemic shunt revision with the intention of objective assessment of shunt patency.MethodsA total of 17 patients were recruited (12 male and 5 female; mean age, 55 years; range, 30–69 years). An ultrasound system equipped with a 2.0–5.0‐MHz probe was used to acquire multivolume 3D/4D color Doppler data sets to assess prerevision and postrevision shunt volume flow. Volume flow was computed offline based on the principle of surface integration of Doppler‐measured velocity vectors in a lateral‐elevational c‐surface positioned at the color flow focal depth (range, 8.0–11.5 cm). Volume flow was compared to routine measurements of the prerevision and postrevision portosystemic pressure gradient. Prerevision volume flow was compared with the outcome to determine whether a flow threshold for revision could be defined.ResultsLinear regression of data from revised transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt cases showed an inverse correlation between the mean‐normalized change in prerevision and postrevision shunt volume flow and the mean‐normalized change in the prerevision and postrevision portosystemic pressure gradient (r2 = 0.51; P = .020). Increased shunt blood flow corresponded to a decreased pressure gradient. Comparison of prerevision flows showed preliminary threshold development at 1534 mL/min, below which a shunt revision may be recommended (P = .21; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.78).ConclusionsShunt volume flow measurement with 3D/4D Doppler sonography provides a potential alternative to standard pulsed wave Doppler metrics as an indicator of shunt function and predictor of revision.
Antivascular Ultrasound Therapy
Authors: Hunt Stephen J. , Gade Terence , Soulen Michael C. , Pickup Stephen , Sehgal Chandra M. 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment effects of antivascular ultrasound (US) with dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), contrast‐enhanced sonography, and histopathologic analysis in a murine melanoma model.MethodsSubcutaneous K1735 murine melanoma tumors were grown in syngeneic C3H/HeN mice. Quantitative tumor perfusion characteristics were measured before antivascular US treatment with both dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI and high‐resolution contrast‐enhanced sonography. Tumors were subsequently treated with 1 or 3 minutes of continuous low‐intensity US after intravenous administration of a US contrast agent. Treatment effects were assessed by quantitative dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI, contrast‐enhanced sonography, histopathologic analysis, and immunohistochemistry.ResultsLow‐intensity antivascular US treatment resulted in approximately a doubling and tripling of the time to peak enhancement on dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI in the 1‐ and 3‐minute treatment groups, respectively, along with a significant decrease in contrast wash‐out (P < .01). There was a potent reduction in tumor perfusion on contrast‐enhanced sonography, with approximately 40% and 70% reductions in the tumor area perfused as assessed by contrast‐enhanced sonography after 1 (P < .05) and 3 (P < .01) minutes of antivascular US. The pathologic and histologic changes spatially correlated with the regions of diminished perfusion seen on contrast‐enhanced sonography and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI. Antivascular US therapy resulted in a significant increase in the number of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1A+ cells, indicating tumor hypoxia (P < .01), and of CD45+/CD3+ cells in tumors after treatment, in keeping with increased T‐cell infiltration (P < .01).ConclusionsAntivascular US treatment effects extend beyond direct cytotoxicity from hemorrhagic necrosis to include ischemia‐mediated cytotoxicity, enhanced small molecule retention, and intratumoral immune activation.
Sonographically Guided Sternoclavicular Joint Injection
Authors: Pourcho Adam M. , Sellon Jacob L. , Smith Jay 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesThe primary purpose of this investigation was to describe and validate a sonographically guided technique for injecting the sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) using a cadaveric model.MethodsA single experienced operator (J.S.) completed 13 sonographically guided SCJ injections on 7 unembalmed cadaveric specimens (4 male and 3 female) using an out‐of‐plane, caudad‐to‐cephalad technique to place 1 mL of diluted blue latex into the joint. Within 72 hours, study coinvestigators dissected each specimen to determine the injectate location.ResultsAll 13 injections accurately placed latex into the SCJ with a predilection for the clavicular side (accuracy, 100%; 95% confidence interval, 73%–100%). Three injections (23%) placed all latex on the clavicular side of the SCJ in the presence of a complete intra‐articular disk. Dissection revealed incomplete degenerated disks in the remaining 10 joints. Seven of these injections (54%) clearly placed more than 80% of the latex on the clavicular side, whereas the remaining 3 injections (23%) showed nearly equal latex distribution between the clavicular and sternal sides. No injection resulted in neurovascular injury or extracapsular flow.ConclusionsSonographically guided SCJ injections can be considered in the diagnosis and management of patients presenting with medial shoulder pain syndromes and, using the technique described herein, have a predilection to target the clavicular portion of the joint. In younger patients with possible complete intra‐articular disks or in patients with sternal‐side conditions, practitioners should consider confirming sternal‐side flow after injection or attempt to specifically target the sternal side of the joint.
A Ferroptosis‐Inhibitive Polypeptosome for Synergistic Management of Acute Kidney Injury Through Antioxidation and Iron Binding
Authors: Liu Danqing , Zhang Wenqing , Fan Zhen , He Shisheng , Du Jianzhong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical condition with a wide range of triggers that cause heavy burden on public health. Despite its high incidence and mortality, the treatment of AKI still highly relies on hemodialysis, which is costly and usually accompanied by severe complications. Therefore, development of new therapeutic targets and methods for AKI is urgently needed. Herein, a ferroptosis‐targeting strategy for AKI treatment by rationally designed ferroptosis‐inhibitive polypeptide‐based polymersomes (polypeptosomes, FIPs) is proposed. Such FIPs are self‐assembled from poly(glutamic acid)‐block‐poly(methionine‐stat‐tyrosine) [PGA9‐b‐P(Met8‐stat‐PTyr13)]. The ferroptosis‐inhibition function of the FIPs arises from the rationally‐selected amino acid composition: P(Met‐stat‐Tyr) endows the FIPs with a high scavenging efficiency of over 90% toward different reactive oxygen species (ROS); while the glutamate and tyrosine residues, as well as the amide groups, can bind iron ions, thus blocking iron overload and lipid peroxide in cells. In vivo experiments confirm that the FIPs can effectively alleviate oxidative stress, inhibit ferroptosis, and restore kidney functions. Transcriptome sequencing further reveals the therapeutic mechanisms of FIPs. Overall, such polypeptosomes capable of blocking multiple pathways of ferroptosis open a new avenue for AKI treatment and provide fresh insights into the development of generalized therapies for inflammation.
Non‐Centrosymmetric Single Crystalline Biomolecular Nano‐Arrays for Responsive Electronics
Authors: Li Jun , Li Zhiwei , Xie Yi , Cai Tong , Shin Donghoon , Chen Chaojian , Mirkin Chad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHerein, a novel strategy is reported for synthesizing libraries of single crystalline amino acid (AA) nanocrystals with control over size, anisotropy, and polymorphism by leveraging dip‐pen nanolithography (DPN) and recrystallization via solvent vapor annealing. The crystals are prepared by first depositing nanoreactors consisting of a solvent with AAs, followed by water vapor‐induced recrystallization. This leads to isotropic structures that are non‐centrosymmetric with strong piezoelectric (g33 coefficients >1000 mVm N−1), ferroelectric, and non‐linear optical properties. However, recrystallizing arrays of isotropic DL‐alanine nanodot features with a binary solvent (water and ethanol) leads to arrays of 1D piezoelectric nanorods with their long axis coincident with the polar axis. Moreover, positioning nanoreactors containing AAs (the nanodot features) between micro electrodes leads to capillary formation, making the reactors anisotropic and facilitating piezoelectric nanorod formation between the electrodes. This offers a facile route to device fabrication. These as‐fabricated devices respond to ultrasonic stimulation in the form of a piezoelectric response. The technique described herein is significant as it provides a rapid way of investigating non‐centrosymmetric nanoscale biocrystals, potentially pivotal for fabricating a new class of stimuli‐responsive devices such as sensors, energy harvesters, and stimulators.
Electrosynthesis of Metal–Organic Framework Interlayer to Realize Highly Stable and Kinetics‐Enhanced Zn Metal Anode
Authors: Jiang Zhenjing , Du Zijuan , Pan Rui , Cui Fuhan , Zhang Guoju , Lei Shuangying , He Guanjie , Yin Kuibo , Sun Litao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo facilitate the practical application of aqueous Zn metal batteries, numerous artificial interlayers are designed to mitigate rampant parasitic reactions and uncontrollable dendrite growth on the Zn metal anode. Traditionally, these interlayers are prepared through the doctor blade method. However, the introduced insulting binder generally compromises their interfacial performance. In this study, the metal–organic framework (MOF) interlayer is fabricated on the Zn metal anode by a facile and binder‐free electrosynthesis technique. The electrosynthetic Co‐ZIF‐8 interlayer enables the Zn metal anode to sustain cycles of 1280 h with a low voltage hysteresis. Moreover, the full cells coupled with MnO2 and NH4V4O10 cathodes exhibit exceptional cycling performance, maintaining 89% and 72% of their initial capacity after numerous cycles, respectively. Based on SEM measurements and density functional theory calculations, the densely packed morphology, unimpeded Zn2+ ions transport channels, and affinity of the imidazole ring and Co node within the ZIF‐8 structure to Zn atom are demonstrated to inhibit parasitic reactions, promote Zn2+ ions transport, and realize uniform Zn deposition. The proposed electrosynthesis method for constructing the MOF interlayer provides a straightforward and reliable approach to developing a highly stable Zn metal anode.