bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoter occupancy of the basal class I transcription factor A differs strongly between active and silent VSG expression sites in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Nguyen Tu N. , Müller Laura S. M. , Park Sung Hee , Siegel T. Nicolai , Günzl Arthur 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Monoallelic expression within a gene family is found in pathogens exhibiting antigenic variation and in mammalian olfactory neurons. Trypanosoma brucei, a lethal parasite living in the human bloodstream, expresses variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) from 1 of 15 bloodstream expression sites (BESs) by virtue of a multifunctional RNA polymerase I. The active BES is transcribed in an extranucleolar compartment termed the expression site body (ESB), whereas silent BESs, located elsewhere within the nucleus, are repressed epigenetically. The regulatory mechanisms, however, are poorly understood. Here we show that two essential subunits of the basal class I transcription factor A (CITFA) predominantly occupied the promoter of the active BES relative to that of a silent BES, a phenotype that was maintained after switching BESs in situ. In these experiments, high promoter occupancy of CITFA was coupled to high levels of both promoter-proximal RNA abundance and RNA polymerase I occupancy. Accordingly, fluorescently tagged CITFA-7 was concentrated in the nucleolus and the ESB. Because a ChIP-seq analysis found that along the entire BES, CITFA-7 is specifically enriched only at the promoter, our data strongly indicate that monoallelic BES transcription is activated by a mechanism that functions at the level of transcription initiation.
NKAP is a novel RS-related protein that interacts with RNA and RNA binding proteins
Authors: Burgute Bhagyashri D. , Peche Vivek S. , Steckelberg Anna-Lena , Glöckner Gernot , Gaßen Berthold , Gehring Niels H. , Noegel Angelika A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNKAP is a highly conserved protein with roles in transcriptional repression, T-cell development, maturation and acquisition of functional competency and maintenance and survival of adult hematopoietic stem cells. Here we report the novel role of NKAP in splicing. With NKAP-specific antibodies we found that NKAP localizes to nuclear speckles. NKAP has an RS motif at the N-terminus followed by a highly basic domain and a DUF 926 domain at the C-terminal region. Deletion analysis showed that the basic domain is important for speckle localization. In pull-down experiments, we identified RNA-binding proteins, RNA helicases and splicing factors as interaction partners of NKAP, among them FUS/TLS. The FUS/TLS–NKAP interaction takes place through the RS domain of NKAP and the RGG1 and RGG3 domains of FUS/TLS. We analyzed the ability of NKAP to interact with RNA using in vitro splicing assays and found that NKAP bound both spliced messenger RNA (mRNA) and unspliced pre-mRNA. Genome-wide analysis using crosslinking and immunoprecipitation-seq revealed NKAP association with U1, U4 and U5 small nuclear RNA, and we also demonstrated that knockdown of NKAP led to an increase in pre-mRNA percentage. Our results reveal NKAP as nuclear speckle protein with roles in RNA splicing and processing.
Can Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting be Initiated and Practiced Safely?
Authors: Une Dai , Lapierre Harry , Sohmer Benjamin , Rai Vaneet , Ruel Marc 
Published: December 2013

Objective We examined the effects of learning curve on clinical outcomes and operative time in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS CABG). Methods We studied 210 consecutive MICS CABG cases performed by the same surgeon, composed of 3 cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)–assisted single-vessel small thoracotomy (SVST), 87 off-pump SVST, 51 CPB-assisted multivessel small thoracotomy (MVST), and 69 off-pump MVST. For each MICS CABG technique, the frequency of early clinical events (mortality, reopening, stroke, myocardial infarction, and revascularization) was compared between the first 25 cases and the remainder. Logarithmic curve regression analysis and a cumulative summation technique were performed to assess the correlation between operative time and the performed number of each technique. Results There was no mortality, and there were 10 conversions to standard sternotomy, all of which were intended as off-pump MVST ( P < 0.001, vs other procedures). Experience was otherwise not associated with perioperative outcome. However, experience numbers correlated with operative time in off-pump SVST and off-pump MVST (122 ± 30 minutes, R2 = 0.18, P < 0.001, and 241 ± 80 minutes, R2 = 0.38, P < 0.001, respectively) but not in CPB-assisted MVST (258 ± 44 minutes, R2 = 0.004, P = 0.7). No complications occurred as a result of CPB assistance. Conclusions Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting can be safely initiated, with a very low perioperative risk. Pump assistance is a good strategy to alleviate some of the learning curve and avoid conversions to sternotomy when initiating a multivessel MICS CABG program. 2009:83–94.
A real options approach to implementing corporate social responsibility policies at different stages of the mining process
Authors: Hitch Michael , Kumar Ravichandran Ashwin , Mishra Vedvyas 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of “optionality” of corporate social responsibility programs in the mining sector. It is postulated that the degree of commitment and implementation varies with the different stages of the mine life cycle.

Design/methodology/approach
– The methodology/approach applied in this paper follows that of complex systems theory. The authors recognize that elements of CSR do not function/occur in isolation but rather operate in a complex and dynamic system.

Findings
– The findings presented in the paper indicate that there is a not a single “silver bullet” approach to CSR but rather one that ebbs and flows with not only the technical stage of development of a mine but also those extra- economic modifiers that influence a mine's performance and survivability in a competitive global market.

Research limitations/implications
– The limitations of this particular paper/research is the inability to get a complete set of cost data from any single mining operation. This is due to the highly confidential and proprietary nature of this data, hence a hypothetical/theoretical case is presented.

Practical implications
– The practical implications of this research include recognizing the different stages of the mine life cycle cause different applications of CSR policy development and implementation. The authors present a view of a flexible and reflective CSR application.

Originality/value
– This is the first and novel attempt to consider the actual value and commercial implication of CSR using the methods of real options within the broader theoretical framework of complex systems.
Clinical audit on treatment of depression in CAMHS
Authors: Majumder Pallab , Gatsou Lina , Hay Alistair 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this audit cycle was to compare the clinical practice of treating children and adolescents with moderate to severe depression with the NICE guidelines. The second aim was to recommend changes in practice to improve compliance to the guidelines and reinvestigate the degree of change two years after the initial recommendations.

Design/methodology/approach
– A total of 40 patients within Secondary Care with moderate or severe depression were selected. Data were collected, analyzed and recommendations were made. The second phase of the audit cycle was completed after two years, following similar methods.

Findings
– On most of the parameters the clinical practice improved in the re-audit, indicating better compliance with the NICE guidelines. However, on a few areas the compliance did not improve or even deteriorated.

Research limitations/implications
– The implications of the results were discussed and final recommendations were made based on the findings and the perceived change in practice.

Originality/value
– Literature searches revealed no previous audit cycles to have been conducted on CAMHS compliance to NICE guidelines with regards to treating depression.
Direct numerical simulation of a turbulent channel flow by an improved vortex in cell method
Authors: Uchiyama Tomomi , Yoshii Yutaro , Hamada Hirotaka 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– This study is concerned with the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a turbulent channel flow by an improved vortex in cell (VIC) method. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, two improvements for VIC method are proposed to heighten the numerical accuracy and efficiency. A discretization method employing a staggered grid is presented to ensure the consistency among the discretized equations as well as to prevent the numerical oscillation of the solution. A correction method for vorticity is also proposed to compute the vorticity field satisfying the solenoidal condition. Second, the DNS for a turbulent channel flow is conducted by the improved VIC method. The Reynolds number based on the friction velocity and the channel half width is 180.

Findings
– It is highlighted that the simulated turbulence statistics, such as the mean velocity, the Reynolds shear stress and the budget of the mean enstrophy, agree well with the existing DNS results. It is also shown that the organized flow structures in the near-wall region, such as the streaks and the streamwise vortices, are favourably captured. These demonstrate the high applicability of the improved VIC method to the DNS for wall turbulent flows.

Originality/value
– This study enables the VIC method to perform the DNS for wall turbulent flows.
Parallel analysis of thermal field in a layered DC cable part I
Authors: Golebiowski Jerzy , Piotr Bycul Robert 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The paper aims to propose a parallel algorithm in order to increase speed and efficiency of an analysis of transient thermal field in layered DC cables.

Design/methodology/approach
– Initial-boundary problem of thermal field was discretized by means of implicit finite difference method in cylindrical coordinates. A two-stage time decomposition method was applied to introduce parallel computations. An assumed duration of the transient state was decomposed. The system of algebraic equations was being solved with the use of a conjugate gradient method (with diagonal preconditioning) in all time intervals simultaneously.

Findings
– A method for solving (with the use of parallel computing system) the transient heat conduction equation in a DC cable consisting of arbitrary number of material layers was given. The dependence of the convective heat transfer coefficient on the location on the perimeter of the cable and on its surface temperature (which introduced non-linearity in the boundary condition) was taken into account. The influence of the determined field on the efficiency of the heat source was also taken into consideration in the model.

Research limitations/implications
– The main limitation is induced by cylindrical and coaxial structure of the consecutive layers of the system. Thermal field is generated by direct current flow only. The length of the fragment of the cable under consideration should be much greater than its diameter.

Practical implications
– The time-spatial distribution of thermal field in the cross-section of the cable can be used for analysis of its reliability and for determination of important characteristics and parameters of the system.

Originality/value
– A parallel algorithm of solving initial-boundary parabolic problem was proposed as a result of synthesis of three methods (finite difference, time decomposition and conjugate gradient). An algorithm of minimization of disturbances of the solution introduced at the division points was given. Equations approximating real distribution of heat transfer coefficient from the surface of the cable were proposed.
Developing students’ teamwork skills in a cooperative learning project
Authors: Lau Peter , Kwong Theresa , Chong King , Wong Eva 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– This paper aims to apply the inventory – Comprehensive Assessment of Team Member Effectiveness (CATME) to examine the development of teamwork skills among freshmen from the Chinese Mainland through a cooperative learning activity (group project) in the context of Hong Kong.

Design/methodology/approach
– The questionnaire survey was conducted twice, at the beginning (pre) and end (post) of the group project; qualitative interviews were undertaken after their project completion.

Findings
– It was found that, except for Category 5 (having relevant knowledge, skills and abilities), the post mean scores in all items of other four categories declined, because students’ Chinese Mainland backgrounds led to their different understanding toward teamwork, as unveiled by the qualitative interviews. However their project completion enabled them to acquire the relevant competencies, causing the rise in the mean scores of Category 5.

Research limitations/implications
– Limited by the small sample size and American-driven CATME, this study did not observe the significant improvements in students’ self-reported evaluation of teamwork. There should be more applications of this instrument into the Asian and Chinese contexts for having it adapted to different national and cultural situations.

Practical implications
– As a gap observed in Chinese Mainland students’ understanding to teamwork, overseas education institutions can incorporate this for curriculum development.

Originality/value
– As a pioneer work in applying the CATME in the Chinese Mainland situation, this study implied a significant room for such kind of inventories mainly originated from west to incorporate the diverse national and cultural characteristics.
Targeting the Digital Agenda for Europe: a new approach for estimating ICT R&D expenditures
Authors: Stančík Juraj 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The main goal of this paper is to create a methodology for estimating public research and development (R&D) expenditures on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the European Union (EU). The study further applies this methodology on business expenditures on R&D (BERD) data across all sectors and estimate ICT BERD within each of them. Then the study assesses the evolution of these expenditures in the context of the Digital Agenda for Europe (DAE) and its specific target to double them by 2020.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study assumes that the share of public ICT R&D expenditures in total public R&D expenditures is similar to the share of ICT R&D labour costs. The study bases its estimation on government budget appropriations or outlays on R&D (GBAORD).

Findings
– EU public ICT R&D expenditures grew steadily over the period 2004-2010 and in 2010 reached 5.9 billion. The study also estimates that the total EU ICT BERD in 2010 amounted to 15.8 billion. Regarding the DAE target about ICT R&D expenditures, the study shows that, in both public and private, the EU drops behind.

Research limitations/implications
– The study estimates that substantial ICT BERD can be found also in non-ICT sectors.

Practical implications
– The methodology allows for monitoring one of the DAE targets.

Originality/value
– The methodology currently represents the only way for measuring public ICT R&D expenditures in the EU.
Developmental trajectory and gender differences in Chinese adolescents' physical and relational aggression: an analysis using the latent class growth model
Authors: Yuan Chunyong , Shao Aihui , Chen Xinyin , Xin Tao , Wang Li , Bian Yufang 
Published: December 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the developmental trajectory and patterns of physical aggression and relational aggression over time, and also to examine the gender differences of the three-year developmental process as well as the impact of the developmental trajectory on mental health.Design/methodology/approach– Participants: the participants of this study were newly enrolled junior school students. The study spanned three years with continuous tracking performed once every other year. Measures: class play questionnaire. Aggressive behaviors were measured by an adaptive Chinese version of the revised class play assessment. Statistical analysis: to address the questions of the present study, the latent class growth model (LCGM) was used to analyze the three-year longitudinal data by Mplus 6.1.Findings– The initial level of physical aggression in boys was higher than that in girls. There were three types of developmental trajectory for boys, corresponding to a lower initial level-increasing group, a middle initial level-increasing group and a higher initial level-stable group. However, girls demonstrated different patterns, corresponding to a lower initial level-increasing group, a middle initial level-increasing group and a higher initial level-decreasing group. In contrast to the physical aggression, the initial level of relational aggression in boys was lower than that in girls. There were four types of developmental trajectory for boys, corresponding to a lower initial level-increasing group, a middle initial level-increasing group, a middle initial level-declining group and a higher initial level-declining group. Girls illustrated different patterns, corresponding to a lower initial level-stable group, a middle initial level-increasing group and a higher initial level-declining group. Different developmental trajectory of physical and relational aggression would influence the interpersonal relationship.Originality/value– This paper used a person-centered latent variable approach instead of the variable-centered approach to investigate the developmental trajectory and patterns of physical aggression and relational aggression over three year by employing the LCGM. The initial level of physical aggression in boys was higher than that in girls. In contrast, the initial level of relational aggression in boys was lower than that in girls. There were gender differences in the pattern of physical and relational aggression development trajectory. Different developmental trajectory of physical and relational aggression would influence the interpersonal relationship.
Work engagement versus workaholism: a test of the spillover-crossover model
Authors: B. Bakker Arnold , Shimazu Akihito , Demerouti E. , Shimada Kyoko , Kawakami Norito 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to examine how two different types of heavy work investment – work engagement and workaholism – are related to family satisfaction as reported by employees and their intimate partner.

Design/methodology/approach
– In total, 398 Japanese couples completed self-reported questionnaires including the model variables. One year later, participants reported again on their family satisfaction. Structural equation modelling analyses were used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
– As hypothesized, work engagement was positively related to work-family facilitation, which, in turn, predicted own and partner's family satisfaction, also one year later. In contrast, workaholism showed a positive relationship with work-family conflict, and had an indirect negative effect on own and partner's family satisfaction. The structural relationships between the variables from husbands to wives were similar to those from wives to husbands.

Research limitations/implications
– The use of a non-experimental design does not allow for definitive conclusions regarding causality.

Practical implications
– The findings contribute to the work-family interface literature by showing how experiences built up at work can have a positive or negative impact on one's partner's family satisfaction. The study highlights a growing need to promote work engagement and discourage workaholism within organizations since engagement has positive and workaholism has negative implications for employees' private life.

Originality/value
– This study clearly shows the differences between two important work experiences – work engagement and workaholism. Using the spillover-crossover model, the study sheds a new light on the process through which employee work engagement and workaholism influence one's partner at home.
Experimental design of wastewater treatment with electro-coagulation
Authors: Camcioglu Sule , Canan Pekel Lutfiye , Polat Kamran , Hapoglu Hale 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the batch treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater using electro-coagulation (EC).

Design/methodology/approach
– Statistical experimental design was used to investigate the effect of initial pH, current density and temperature. Experiments were planned to obtain the maximum amount of information in the fewest number of runs. Minimum-maximum values of current density, initial pH, temperature of medium were selected as 9-25 mA/cm2, 5-9, 25-50°C, respectively. A total number of 20 experiments including eight factorial points, six axial points and six replicates in centre points were carried out and experimental data were collected. Optimum operating parameters were determined by evaluating experimental results in MATLAB 7.9®.

Findings
– According to the results, the optimum values of current density, initial pH and temperature of medium are determined as 14.12 mA/cm2, 8.22 and 34.21°C, respectively.

Practical implications
– Many researches about different techniques including physical, chemical and biological methods have been done on the subject of pulp and paper wastewater treatment. In physical and chemical processes low molecular weight compounds are not removed efficiently, also these methods are quite expensive. Electrochemical degradation has an advantage of removing even the smallest colloidal particles compared with traditional flocculation and coagulation.

Originality/value
– Complete removal of pollutants, less sludge generation, simple process design and easy operation are standard features of the EC and it comes forward as one of the promising techniques.
Sustainable power density in electricity generation
Authors: Buceti Giuliano 
Published: December 2013

Purpose
– When comparing renewables with fossil fuels, emotional approaches are fuelled by the difficulties in defining a proper metric able to make consistent comparisons among energy sources. In literature several approaches have been proposed, all effective in some way but ineffective in others. Variables like energy density, prices, estimated resources, life time emissions, water use and waste, all come at the same time to form an unmanageable mix. This paper discuss the adoption of a shared metric to clarify the boundary conditions that limit the solutions can be operated and to define which scenarios are sustainable and which are not.

Design/methodology/approach
– Energy density and power density are the cornerstones of the physical limitations in the exploitation of the energy sources. On this basis, a novel classification of energy sources, volumetric and flowing, has been proposed and discussed in light of three parameters: abundance, power density and sustainability. Eventually, an extended definition of power density based on life-cycle assessment is adopted.

Findings
– Sustainable power density makes possible compare the different energy options and shows how limitation in land comes to be the root of all resources limitations.

Originality/value
– A definition of a unique parameter is proposed and pros and cons of all energy options are calculated and put in a single graphic providing new insights into the energy policy.