bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
B‐Type Natriuretic Peptide Levels Predict Ventricular Arrhythmia Post Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation
Authors: Hellman Yaron , Malik Adnan S. , Lin Hongbo , Shen Changyu , Wang I‐Wen , Wozniak Thomas C. , Hashmi Zubair A. , Pickrell Jeanette , Jani Milena , Caccamo Marco A. , Gradus‐Pizlo Irmina , Hadi Azam 
Published: April 2015

AbstractB‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels have been shown to predict ventricular arrhythmia (VA) and sudden death in patients with heart failure. We sought to determine whether BNP levels before left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation can predict VA post LVAD implantation in advanced heart failure patients. We conducted a retrospective study consisting of patients who underwent LVAD implantation in our institution during the period of May 2009–March 2013. The study was limited to patients receiving a HeartMate II or HeartWare LVAD. Acute myocardial infarction patients were excluded. We compared between the patients who developed VA within 15 days post LVAD implantation to the patients without VA. A total of 85 patients underwent LVAD implantation during the study period. Eleven patients were excluded (five acute MI, four without BNP measurements, and two discharged earlier than 13 days post LVAD implantation). The incidence of VA was 31%, with 91% ventricular tachycardia (VT) and 9% ventricular fibrillation. BNP remained the single most powerful predictor of VA even after adjustment for other borderline significant factors in a multivariate logistic regression model (P < 0.05). BNP levels are a strong predictor of VA post LVAD implantation, surpassing previously described risk factors such as age and VT in the past.
Knowledge mobilization to spread awareness of the ‘F‐words’ in childhood disability: lessons from a family–researcher partnership
Authors: Cross A. , Rosenbaum P. , Grahovac D. , Kay D. , Gorter J. W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn 2012, two CanChild researchers published an article in Child: Care, Health and Development titled ‘The “F‐words” in childhood disability: I swear this is how we should think!’ Building on the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework, the article featured key strengths‐based ICF themes (i.e. the ‘F‐words’ – Function, Family, Fitness, Fun, Friends and Future). This paper reports on a knowledge mobilization initiative designed to spread awareness of the ‘F‐words’ ideas.MethodsFamilies and researchers collaborated to develop, disseminate and evaluate an online awareness video. The video used written descriptions, parents' reflections and their pictures, music and graphics to captivate the audience. Posted on the CanChild website in May 2014, information about the video was distributed via various dissemination strategies and evaluated by tracking its views and through an online survey.ResultsAfter a 2‐month evaluation, there were 715 views and 137 survey responses. Of the survey responses, 89% lived in Canada, 55% had not previously heard of the ‘F‐words’, 98% ‘extremely liked'/‘liked the ideas’ and 88% indicated they would share the video.ConclusionsBy creating a short and captivating video, we were able to spread awareness to a wide audience in a short period of time. Engaging families throughout the project was critical to the success of the video. By working together, we hope to continue bridging research and practice and moving the ‘F‐words’ concepts forward one ‘word’ at a time.
Deconstructing intercontinental invasion pathway hypotheses of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) using a Bayesian inference approach: are port interceptions and quarantine protocols successfully preventing new invasions?
Authors: Karsten Minette , Jansen van Vuuren Bettine , Addison Pia , Terblanche John S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAimKnowledge of how effective interceptions and quarantine measures are in preventing new biological invasions is of paramount importance for maintaining ecosystem function in a rapidly changing world. Here, we determine current macrogeographic population structure and routes of invasion of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata) using genetic approaches and reconstruct and test invasion pathway hypotheses in a Bayesian framework.LocationAfrica, Australia, Greece, Guatemala and Madeira.MethodsWe sampled 323C. capitataindividuals from 14 locations world‐wide and genotyped all individuals for 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers. We calculated measures of genetic diversity and determined population structure. Moreover, we reconstructed and tested eighteen invasion pathway scenarios in a Bayesian framework usingABCmodelling.ResultsWe show a decrease in genetic diversity outside the native range (Africa) into the introduced range (Australia, Greece, Guatemala and Madeira). The most likely invasion pathway scenario closely matched the historical records, with an initial colonization of Europe from Africa and a secondary colonization of Australia from Europe. Moreover, we show an introduction from Greece to the Americas and, finally, a back introduction into South Africa from Europe.Main conclusionsGiven the lack of new introductions into colonized (non‐African) locations despite increasing trade, and apart from the initial invasion and establishment of the species outside of Africa, we conclude that quarantine and interception measures have been largely successful to date.
A 22‐year follow‐up of an endodontic implant
Authors: Wolff Jan , Sándor George K. , Forouzanfar Tim , Schulten Engelbert A. J. M. , Oikarinen Kyösti S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRoot fractures in the middle and apical thirds of the root are treated by repositioning and for approximately 6 weeks of immobilization while those in the cervical third are immobilized for 3 months. Even though the results are good, some root‐fractured teeth are lost and replaced by dental implants or fixed partial dentures. One historic but effective treatment option for those root fractures with unfavorable crown to root ratios is an endodontic implant in middle and apical third root fractures. This method offers immediate stable fixation of a crown and its coronal root segment to the underlying alveolar bone. This report documents the long‐term survival of a tooth treated with an endodontic implant. A 25‐year‐old male patient presented following a bicycle accident with a dislocated unfavorable root fracture in the middle third. The crown with the coronal root segment was secured to the bone using a commercially available endodontic implant. The apical part of the root was removed. Although the clinical and radiological follow‐up results of the endodontic implant demonstrated a good clinical function and little bone loss, the implant ultimately had to be removed after 22 years of service due to pain and increasing mobility.
Sustained activation of GABAA receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus mediates light‐induced phase delays of the circadian clock: a novel function of ionotropic receptors
Authors: Hummer Daniel L. , Ehlen J. Christopher , Larkin Tony E. , McNeill John K. , Pamplin John R. , Walker Colton A. , Walker Phillip V. , Dhanraj Daryl R. , Albers H. Elliott 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) contains a circadian clock that generates endogenous rhythmicity and entrains that rhythmicity with the day–night cycle. The neurochemical events that transduce photic input within the SCN and mediate entrainment by resetting the molecular clock have yet to be defined. Because GABA is contained in nearly all SCN neurons we tested the hypothesis that GABA serves as this signal in studies employing Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Activation of GABAA receptors was found to be necessary and sufficient for light to induce phase delays of the clock. Remarkably, the sustained activation of GABAA receptors for more than three consecutive hours was necessary to phase‐delay the clock. The duration of GABAA receptor activation required to induce phase delays would not have been predicted by either the prevalent theory of circadian entrainment or by expectations regarding the duration of ionotropic receptor activation necessary to produce functional responses. Taken together, these data identify a novel neurochemical mechanism essential for phase‐delaying the ‘master’ circadian clock within the SCN as well as identifying an unprecedented action of an amino acid neurotransmitter involving the sustained activation of ionotropic receptors.
Frequency and specificity of red cell antibodies in thalassemia patients in Albania
Authors: Seferi I. , Xhetani M. , Face M. , Burazeri G. , Nastas E. , Vyshka G. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIntroductionThalassemia major is a common hemoglobinopathy in Albania. However, there are no data available on the frequency of RBC alloimmunization and autoimmunization in transfusion‐dependent Albanian patients with thalassemia.MethodsA total of 118 patients with thalassemia receiving regular transfusions were studied during 5 years with antibody screening. During this period, they were exclusively transfused with blood matched for ABO, Rhesus and Kell system. These patients were previously exposed to unmatched blood because of blood shortages.ResultsFourteen of 118 (11, 8%) patients developed alloantibodies. Twelve (10, 1%) were already present at the start of the study. Only 2 (1, 7%) were formed after the application of a strict Rh and Kell matching policy. The most common antibody was anti‐K, followed by anti‐D, anti‐C, anti‐E, anti‐c, anti‐e, anti‐Jkb, and anti‐Cw. Three patients developed anti‐D plus anti‐C. Anti‐K was combined with Rh antibodies in two of five cases. Anti‐c was combined with anti‐E in two of three cases. The majority of antibodies (10/14) belonged to the Rh blood group system. With the exception of the anti‐Jkb and the anti‐Cw, all antibodies were already present at the beginning of the follow‐up period. During our follow‐up, 27 patients (22.8%) developed autoantibodies. A strong coincidence was found between the presence of alloantibodies and autoantibodies. Eleven of 14 (78%) of the patients with alloantibodies had also autoantibodies, whereas autoantibodies were found in 16 of 104 (15%) of patients with thalassemia without autoantibodies. The rate of alloantibody formation dropped from 10.1% to 1.7% after application of a strict Rh and Kell matching policy.ConclusionA policy of Rhesus and Kell matching without occasional exceptions greatly reduced the development of new alloantibodies and autoantibodies. Self‐sufficiency through regular blood donation is necessary for the full implementation of an extended match policy and the prevention of antibody formation in our patients.
AN INTERROGATIVE STUDY OF 142 PSORIASIS PATIENTS
Authors: Sehgal V.N. , Rege V.L. , Kharangate V.N. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe incidence of psoriasis was determined in 21,441 patients of dermatologic population, of which 142 were psoriasis, giving its incidence as 0.66 percent. The mean age in the males and females was computed as 33.1 and 33.7 years respectively, while the age at onset of the disease was almost similar in males and females. The emotional undertones were the major provocating factors, although trauma, parturition and infection were incriminated in a few cases. In 4.9 percent of psoriatics, the family history was suggestive. The duration of the disease was varying from a few days to a few years, more than 50 percent however reported before a years. Remissions and exacerbations were noticed in many patients with or without treatment, but seasonal variation had no significant influence on the course of the disease. Classical papulosquamous cutaneous rash and associated itching were the salient clinical features, although joint pains were featured in a few. Pitting, thickening and subungual hypertrophy were the main salient features in the nails. Very few patients had manifested clinical joint involvement, swelling of the distal interphalangeal joints being the commonest. Other associated diseases were rarely seen in these patients.
INDUCTION OF CONTACT SENSITIVITY BY EPIDERMAL MICROSOMES DINITROPHENYLATED IN VITRO
Authors: Nishioka Kiyoshi , Nishioka Kyoko , Aoki Toshiyuki , Tashiro Minoru 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTEpidermal microsomes were dinitrophenylated in various concentrations to obtain the optimum ratio of hapten to microsome for induction of contact sensitivity. The epidermal microsomes with 494 μg of dinitrophenyl residue produced sensitization, whereas the sensitizing ability of those with less than 114 μg of dinitrophenyl residue was incomplete or lacking. The optimum amount of dinitrophenyl residue for sensitization of all animals tested was much higher than that in the epidermal microsomes extracted from DNCB treated animals.In order to exclude the possibility of free haptens trapped in the lipid component of the microsomal membranes being responsible for the results, Sanger's method of dinitrophenylation was used. (The epidermal microsomes prepared by Sanger's method also induced contact sensitivity.)Dinitrophenylated microsomes from guinea pig livers and spleens induced contact sensitivity in some animals, but they were less effective inducers than the dinitrophenylated epidermal microsomes.
STUDIES OF COMMON BALDNESS IN THE STUMP‐TAILED MACAQUE
Authors: Takashima Iwao 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTSkin slices containing various types of hair follicles were obtained from both the bald and hairy regions of the scalp and from the chin and the back of adult stump‐tailed macaques and from the scalp of preadolescent and infant animals. These were incubated in TC 199 containing tritiated testosterone. Testosterone and its six metabolites were extracted and isolated by thin‐layer chromatography. The amounts extracted from anagen hair sheath, anagen hair bulb, and telogen hair sheath of both terminal and vellus hair were compared.No statistically significant differences were obtained from the comparison of the means of each sample group. But the amount of 5α‐dihydrotestosterone (5‐DHT) was comparatively higher than testosterone and androstenedione in the frontal area indifferent on age differences whereas the amount of 5‐DHT was lower in the occipital and back area.These data suggest the existence of regional differences in testosterone metabolism in the scalp skin. No clue was provided to make clear the genesis of male‐pattern baldness in the stump‐tailed macaque.
THE ACTION OF TOPICAL VITAMIN A ACID ON NORMAL EPIDERMIS AND NON‐INVOLVED EPIDERMIS OF PSORIATICS
Authors: Mizumoto Toshihiro , Aoyagi Takashi , Ohkawara Akira , Miura Yusho 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTTopical application under occlusion of 0.1% Vitamin A Acid (VAA) in polyethylene glycol to the non‐involved skin of psoriatics and to the skin of normal controls resulted in keratolysis, acanthosis, glycogen accumulation, and increased enzyme activity, though the changes are more marked in the former. Those changes occurred during the first week of application and did not progress further, in fact continued application resulted in a biochemical return toward normal.A Koebner phenomenon was not seen and the test is therefore not useful in bringing out latent psoriasis.
EVALUATION OF SKIN PATCH TESTS USING SUMP METHOD
Authors: Kawai Kyozo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe potential to cause a primary irritant reaction is usually evaluated by clinically recognizable dermatitis at the site of patch testing. Such evaluation is difficult in the case of substances with low irritancy potential which sometimes fail to cause grossly visible signs of dermatitis. In those cases a higher concentration of the test substance may be used in order to produce a visible reaction, but such concentrations may lead to unnecessary irritation and are of little value in determining the safety of the substance in concentrations of practical use.The microscopic appearance of normal human skin observed on a skin replica made by Susuki's Universal Microscopic Printing (SUMP method) has been reported previously by the author (9). In the present study, patch test reactions which fail to produce grossly visible inflammation were observed for microscopic changes by the SUMP method. The patches were applied to the upper arms of normal humans for 24 hours and then the test sites were observed for gross inflammation and microscopically by the SUMP method. Numerical scores were assigned to grade each microscopic change produced in the skin surface and total scores were used to grade the irritancy reaction produced. These scores were compared to results using Zontes TA‐430, which has been used for over 10 years as a softening agent of fibers and was used in this study as a control chemical substance with no irritancy. The results revealed microscopic changes provoked by irritants too weak to produce gross inflammation. A criteria for grading cutaneous primary irritant reactions by microscopic findings was determined.
IMMUNOLOGIC PHENOMENA IN HERPES GESTATIONIS THEIR PATHOGENIC AND DIAGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE*
Authors: Jablonska Stefania , Chorzelski Tadeusz P. , Maciejowska Eva , Jarzabek‐Chorzelska Maria , Beutner Ernst H. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTImmunopathologic studies performed in six cases of herpes gestationis revealed a highly characteristic pattern, notably 1) BMZ deposits of complement component C3 predominates, 2) Most biopsy specimens also contain C4 and C5, 3) Deposits of C4, C5, properdin and IgG were variable in different specimens of given patients. About half of the specimens examined contained properdin and about one fourth stained for IgG, 4) Findings of IgM, IgA, IgD and IgE were consistently negative, 4) Serum findings of BMZ antibodies in given cases were variable. In two of eight cases circulating BMZ antibodies were detected in one of the samples examined. Based on these findings it seems that HG is related to BP.
ANAGEN HAIR BULB MELANOCYTES IN MITOSIS A PRELIMINARY REPORT
Authors: Sato Syozo , Nishijima Akiko , Hiraga Kyoko , Hidano Akira 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTHuman anagen scalp hair bulb melanocytes in mitosis were observed by electron microscopy. The metaphase melanocytes were found to maintain their cytologic characteristics, and their perikarya to retain a relatively large number of melanosomes. The relationship between mitosis of a melanocyte and its melanogenic activity is presently being investigated.
THE EFFECT OF TOPICALLY APPLIED γ‐ORYZANOL ON SEBACEOUS GLANDS
Authors: Ueda Hiroshi , Hayakawa Ritsuko , Hoshino Shimpei , Kobayashi Mie 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe action of topically applied γ‐Oryzanol (triterpineol ester with ferulic acid) on the sebaceous glands was investigated using the double blind method. 1% γ‐Oryzanol ointment, and the ointment base as control, were applied symmetrically to the backs of rats in the same hair cycle stage. The turnover time of sebaceous gland cells was examined by quantitating 8H‐thymidine incorporation and colchicine‐arrested mitosis.The labeling index and arrested mitosis values were significantly elevated by the topical application of γ‐Oryzanol. Elevation of these values was paralleled by an increase in sebum production (reported in a previous paper) (4), showing that sebaceous gland cells are stimulated by γ‐Oryzanol.Other than sex hormones, γ‐Oryzanol is the only substance known to stimulate sebaceous glands by topical application.
PURIFICATION AND ISOLATION OF A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PEPTIDO‐RHAMNOGALACTAN FROM SPOROTHRIX SCHENCKII
Authors: Nakamura Yoichi 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA biologically active peptido‐rhamnogalactan was isolated from disrupted Sporothrix schenckii yeast cells by sodium deoxycholate extraction and was further purified by DEAE‐Sephadex A‐50 chromatography. This fraction, 60.6% sugar and 3.0% nitrogen, was active in delayed hypersensitivity skin tests in sporotrichosis patients and also cross‐reacted serologically with a peptido‐rhamnomannan isolated from Sporothrix schenckii culture filtrates. These results suggest strong that L‐rhamnose, α‐1, 2 linked, is more important in determining the serological specificity of Sporothrix schenckii than the α‐1, 3 linked L‐rhamnose or the mannan backbone of the peptido‐rhamnomannans so far studied by others.
EFFECT OF TOPICAL APPLICATION OF MEDICINAL GRADE PETROLATUM ON VARIOUS SPECIES OF LABORATORY ANIMALS AND MAN
Authors: Budhiraja R.D. , Bala S. , Garg K.N. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTMedicinal grade yellow and white petrolatum (soft paraffin) were tested for dermatoxic effects on laboratory animals and man. Yellow petrolatum produced redness, thickening of skin, hyperkeratosis and reversible total hair loss in rabbit and rat but no dermatoxic effect was observed in man and dog. White petrolatum which is similar in composition to yellow petrolatum produced less redness and keratosis. Refluxing of yellow soft paraffin with 95% alcohol could dissolve out dermatoxic fraction. The results have been discussed and it is suggested that drugs with petrolatum as ointment base should not be tested on rats and rabbits as petrolatum itself is dermatoxic in these species.
PHOTOTOXIC REACTION TO XANTHENE DYES INDUCED BY VISIBLE LIGHT
Authors: Morikawa Fujio , Fukuda Minoru , Naganuma Masako , Nakayama Yasuhisa 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTMany dyes, for instance methylene blue, rose bengal, and eosin, are known as photosensitizers, and in the presence of molecular oxygen they induce cell lethality and skin photosensitivity (1–4). Several dyes are used in cosmetic products, particularly in lipsticks. Human lip skin is therefore exposed to potential danger from dye‐sensitized phototoxic reactions. Using an in vivo system of mammalian skin, such as the abdominal skin of rabbits, we established screening tests for the phototoxic potential of synthetic dyes in two ways: (a) intracutaneous injection; (b) topical application with and without damaging the barrier property of the stratum corneum.In the intracutaneous injection assay, distinct phototoxic reactions were induced by rose bengal, eosin Y.S., and dibromofluorescein. When these dyes were applied topically to intact skin, no phototoxic reactions were observed. Phototoxic reactions were, however, elicited when the dye solutions were applied to abraded or scratched skin. The intensity of phototoxic reaction was found to be influenced by the vehicle in which the dyes were suspended.Phototoxic reaction to the dyes was induced by artificial light as well as by sunlight. By using commercially available fluorescent lamps with different spectral emissions, the action spectra for the phototoxic reaction to these dyes were investigated and it was found that the maximum phototoxicities of the dyes were manifested by light within a spectral range of 400–600 nm. Further studies on action spectra, using a monochromatic irradiation system, revealed a high correlation between the action spectra of the dyes and their absorption spectra. Maximum effective wavelength for the phototoxic reaction of eosin Y.S. was 525 nm.This topical as well as intradermal assay for assesing phototoxic reaction to synthetic dyes in living skin will be a practical and useful measure for studying the phototoxicity of the dyes.