bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling photoinhibition‐driven bleaching in Scleractinian coral as a function of light, temperature, and heterotrophy
Authors: S.M. Gustafsson Malin , Baird Mark E. , Ralph Peter J. 
Published: March 2014

It has been proposed that corals with symbiotic algae (Symbiodinium) bleach under thermal stress due to temperature‐dependent inactivation of the Rubisco protein that impairs CO2 uptake, causing a backlog of electrons that result in the formation of damaging Reactive Oxygen Species. We present a numerical model of this mechanism of photoinhibition for symbiotic algae residing within coral tissue. The resulting rate of bleaching depended on temperature, light intensity, and the rate of heterotrophic feeding. The model was validated using three independently published experimental data sets. The model was capable of capturing both the diurnal change in the state of the photosystem, as well as changes in the symbiont population and the coral host caused by different temperature, light, and feeding treatments. Elevated temperatures and light led to a degradation of the photosystem and the expulsion of symbiont cells. If the coral fed heterotrophically, this degradation of the photosynthetic apparatus was reduced, but still a clear decrease in maximum quantum yield (Fv : Fm) and cell numbers was observed when the coral was exposed to elevated temperature. The reduction in chlorophyll content of cells at elevated temperatures and light was compared with the observational bleaching index Degree Heating Days (DHD). As quantified by DHD, the model was found to bleach under similar thermal stress regimes as field studies, except under elevated heterotrophic feeding conditions, which resulted in reduced severity of bleaching over a 90 d period.
Micropropagation of the Halophyte Sarcocornia fruticosa (L.) A. J. Scott
Authors: Maria Filomena de Jesus Raposo  , Rui Manuel Santos Costa de Morais  
Published: March 2014

Details of investigation to evaluate the effects of the number of nodes (one, two or three) of Sarcocornia fruticosa explants on growth and multiplication rate of plantlets are presented in this paper. The responses of the 3-node explants to some supplementary sources of different aminoacids and growth regulators indol-3-acetic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine and gibberellins A3 were also analysed. Plantlets from 3-node explants showed a marked increase in growth and number of lateral shoots, indicating that Sarcocornia does not respond well when explants are very small. The addition of 100 mg l-1 casein hydrolysate plus 150 mg l-1 glutamine, and 100 mg l-1 casein hydrolysate plus vitamins showed to be good growth promoters in micropropagating Sarcocornia, giving longer plantlets and higher multiplication rates.
Short‐Term Viscoelastic Properties of Bloodmeal‐Based Thermoplastics
Authors: Bier James Michael , Verbeek Casparus Johannes Reinhard , Lay Mark Christopher , van der Merwe De Wet 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe effects of sodium sulfite (SS) content and injection molding temperature on the viscoelasticity of bloodmeal‐based thermoplastics were assessed using creep, recovery, and stress relaxation. Both SS and processing temperature affected standard mechanical properties and time‐dependent behavior. Increased SS content led to greater creep, greater strain at break, and reduced modulus and mechanical strength of the material. Furthermore, the use of a higher injection molding temperature also reduced modulus and strength. Higher molding temperature also caused an increase in the fraction of creep recovered in 20 min. These results confirmed that increased SS increased chain mobility and that injection molding at 140°C instead of 120°C did not cause excessive thermal cross‐linking.
Logic Functions with Stimuli‐Responsive Single Nanopores
Authors: Ramirez Patricio , Cervera Javier , Ali Mubarak , Ensinger Wolfgang , Mafe Salvador 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe present the concept of logic functions based on a single stimuli‐responsive nanopore and analyze its potential for electrochemical transducers and actuators. The responsive molecules at the surface of the polymeric nanopore immersed in an electrolyte solution are sensitive to thermal, chemical, electrical, and optical stimuli, which are the input signals required to externally tune the conductance of the nanopore (the logical output). A single nanostructure can be operated as a resistor or as a diode with a broad range of rectifying properties, allowing for logical information‐processing schemes that are useful pH and temperature sensors, electro‐optical detectors, and electrochemical actuators and transducers. Some of the limitations to be addressed in practical applications are also cited.
Suspension Catalysis in Slug Flow Microreactor – Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Mass Transfer
Authors: Scheiff Frederik , Neemann Frank , Tomasiak Sylwia J. , Agar David W. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPfropfenströmungs‐Kapillarreaktoren bieten einen Ansatz zur zweiphasigen Suspensionskatalyse die eine einfachere Katalysatorrückgewinnung und Reduzierung der Partikelgröße ermöglicht, sofern eine ausreichende Stofftransportleistung durch die Zirkulationsströmung gewährleistet wird. Experimentelle Messungen und ein dynamisches Modell zeigen, dass der Flüssig/Fest‐Stofftransport zunächst eine Limitierung darstellt und durch eine inhomogene Suspendierung gehemmt wird. Die Reduzierung der Katalysatorgröße hebt diese Limitierung jedoch auf, so dass die zweiphasige Suspensionskatalyse vielversprechend erscheint.
Speciation of Technetium in Sulfuric Acid/Hydrogen Sulfide Solutions
Authors: Ferrier Maryline , Roques Jérôme , Poineau Frederic , Sattelberger Alfred P. , Unger Jeremy , Czerwinski and Kenneth R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe reaction between TcVII and H2S(g) in 12 M H2SO4 has been studied. This reaction produced a black solid and a brown supernate. The solid was analyzed by energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy and the results were consistent with the presence of Tc2S7. The speciation of technetium in the supernate was performed by UV/Visible and XAFS spectroscopy. Experiments showed that in 12 M H2SO4 an intermediate TcV sulfate complex was formed. Analysis indicated that the final complex present in solution was a polymeric species with a Tc–O–Tc core coordinated to sulfate ligands. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations showed that the proposed complexes were stable and that the theoretical structure was in good agreement with XAFS data.
Supramolecular 3‐/4‐Mercaptobenzoic Acid Complexes of Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Stabilized by Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Vivekananda Kotipalli V. , Dey Sandip , Wadawale Amey , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Jain Vimal K. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe reaction of cis‐[Pt(PEt3)2(OTf)2] with 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid (4‐H2mba) in the presence of sodium methoxide yielded trans‐[Pt(SC6H4COOH‐4)2(PEt3)2] (1), the simple addition of 3‐/4‐mercaptobenzoic acid to cis‐[Pt(PEt3)2(OTf)2] and cis‐[M(PP)2(OTf)2] gave the self‐assembled complexes cis‐[Pt(μ‐SC6H4COOH‐n)(PEt3)2]2(OTf)2 [n = 3 (2), 4 (3)] and [M(μ‐SC6H4COOH‐n)(PP)]2(OTf)2 [M/n/PP = Pd/3/dppe (4), Pd/4/dppe (5), Pt/4/dppp (6); dppe = 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, dppp = 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane], respectively, and the reactions of cis‐[PtCl2(PR3)2] (R = Et, Ph) and [PtCl2(dppm)] with 3‐/4‐mercaptobenzoic acids in the presence of triethylamine yielded 1, trans‐[Pt(SC6H4COOH‐4)2(PPh3)2] (7) and [Pt(SC6H4COOH‐n)2(dppm)] [n = 3 (8), 4 (9); dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane], respectively. The complexes 1–4 and 7 form supramolecular assemblies through intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the solid state. A one‐dimensional zigzag chain of carboxy dimers is formed in the structures of 1·H2O and 7, whereas methanol‐interrupted large‐ring formation leads to a 2D network for 1·(MeOH)2. In the cases of 3·(H2O)2 and 4·(H2O)2, water and counter‐anions assisted the formation of 1D networks rather than dimers through carboxylic acid groups.
Fluorescence Enhancement of a Porphyrin–Viologen Dyad by Pseudorotaxane Formation with Cucurbit[7]uril
Authors: Fathalla Maher , Strutt Nathan L. , Barnes Jonathan C. , Stern Charlotte L. , Ke Chenfeng , Stoddart J. Fraser 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDicationic viologen species are known to form strong supramolecular complexes with cucurbit[7]uril, as well as participate in electron‐transfer processes with donor systems. We describe the use of cucurbit[7]uril to modulate the electron transfer between a hybrid porphyrin (donor) and a viologen (acceptor) dyad. The X‐ray crystal structure of these hybrids reveals the formation of 1D coordination polymers held together through zinc coordination in the solid state.
Fabrication and Performance of Different Structural Cathode Catalyst Layers by EHDA Deposition for DMFC
Authors: Wang D. Z. , Li Y. , Liang J. S. , Xia Z. X. , Wang S. L. , Liu C. , Sun G. Q. , Luo Y. , Wang X. D. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this work, electrohydrodynamic atomization Layer‐by‐Layer deposition was used to deposit cathode catalyst layers (CLs) at different working distances of 3, 5, and 7 mm. The influence of working distance on the structural characteristics of cathode CLs was analyzed. The cyclic voltammograms of the cathode electrodes with different structures and the performance of the assembled membrane‐electrode assemblies (MEAs) were examined. It was observed that the cathode CLs presented well‐packed and porous features. The dispersity of the deposited catalyst and the thickness of cathode CL increased with higher working distance, which resulted in larger electrochemical active surface area (ESA), higher performance of the assembled MEAs and higher catalyst utilization. The ESA increased by approximately 70% when the cathode CL produced at the working distance of 7 mm compared with that at 3 mm. The peak power density of 56.1 mW cm–2 and the peak cathode catalyst specific power of 140.3 mW mg–1 Pt were obtained when the cathode CLs produced at the working distance of 7 mm.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of Bromination of Diethyl 2,4,6‐Trimethyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate
Authors: Petrova Marina , Muhamadejev Ruslan , Cekavicus Brigita , Vigante Brigita , Plotniece Aiva , Sobolev Arkadij , Duburs Gunars , Liepinsh Edvards 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA reaction of diethyl 2,4,6‐trimethyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate with 1, 2, and more equivalents of N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) in methanol was investigated by NMR spectroscopy at a temperature interval ranging from 25 to 40°C. The reaction was found to proceed through several steps. The structures of the intermediates diethyl 3‐bromo‐2,4,6‐trimethyl‐3,4‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate, diethyl 3‐bromo‐2‐methoxy‐2,4,6‐trimethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate, and diethyl 3,5‐dibromo‐2‐methoxy‐2,4,6‐trimethyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate were identified by multinuclear (1H, 13C, and 15N) NMR spectral data. The optimal structures of all species participating in the reaction as well as changes in their relative energies along with the proposed pathway of the reaction were analyzed by quantum‐chemical calculations. The mechanism of bromination of diethyl 2,4,6‐trimethyl‐1,4‐dihydropyridine‐3,5‐dicarboxylate with NBS in methanol was found to favor the bromination in the 2,6‐methyl side chains as the only products in full agreement with experimental observations.
ENJOYING THE QUIET LIFE UNDER DEREGULATION? NOT QUITE
Authors: Restrepo‐Tobón Diego , Kumbhakar Subal C. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYMost empirical studies in the banking literature assume that the alternative profit function is linearly homogeneous in input prices. We show that such an assumption is theoretically unwarranted and that its use may yield misleading results. We use Koetter et al. (Review of Economics and Statistics 2012; 94(2): 462–480) as a benchmark to showcase how empirical results can be sensitive to the linear homogeneity assumption. Contrary to Koetter et al., we find a positive relation between market power and profit efficiency when this assumption is dropped. This relation is slightly weakened after the wave of intrastate and interstate deregulation but not enough to support the ‘quiet life’ hypothesis. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlation of Sprouty1 and Jagged1 With Aggressive Prostate Cancer Cells With Different Sensitivities to Androgen Deprivation
Authors: Terada Naoki , Shiraishi Takumi , Zeng Yu , Aw‐Yong Koh‐Meng , Mooney Steven M. , Liu Zhi , Takahashi Sayuri , Luo Jun , Lupold Shawn E. , Kulkarni Prakash , Getzenberg Robert H. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTProstate cancer is a heterogeneous disease and thus, it is important to understand whether among the heterogeneous collection of cell types, androgen‐deprivation insensitive cells exist prior to hormonal manipulation. We established several LNCaP subclones with distinct insensitivities to androgen deprivation from a parental LNCaP cell line. In the resulting clones, the sensitivity to androgen‐deprivation negatively correlated with their PSA expression levels. In two of these clones, an androgen insensitive clone, LNCaP‐cl1, and an androgen sensitive clone, LNCaP‐cl5, the DNA copy number differed significantly, indicating that these clones contain genetically distinct cells. LNCaP‐cl1 had higher PSA expression but lower invasiveness and tumor growth potential than LNCaP‐cl5. The expression levels of two genes that are known to be regulated by miR‐21, an androgen‐regulated microRNA, Sprouty1 (SPRY1) and Jagged1 (JAG1) were significantly lower in LNCaP‐cl1 than in LNCaP‐cl5. Knocking down SPRY1 in LNCaP cells enhanced PSA expression and cell proliferation. JAG1 administration in LNCaP cells enhanced cell invasion and JAG1 knockdown in PC3 cells suppressed cell invasion and tumor formation. These results indicated that the expression differences in SPRY1 and JAG1 may contribute to the phenotypic differences between the LNCaP‐cl1 and LNCaP‐cl5 clones. In tissue samples, SPRY1 expression levels were significantly lower in prostate cancer patients with PSA recurrence after surgical treatment (P = 0.0076) and JAG1 expression levels were significantly higher in Gleason sum (GS) 8–9 disease than in GS 5–6 (P = 0.0121). In summary a random population of LNCaP cells comprises a heterogeneous group of cells with different androgen‐deprivation sensitivities and potential for invasiveness. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1505–1515, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gate leakage currents model for FinFETs implemented in Verilog‐A for electronic circuits design
Authors: Garduño Salvador I. , Alvarado Joaquín , Cerdeira Antonio , Estrada Magali , Kilchytska Valeriya , Flandre Denis 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTBecause different conduction mechanisms can dominate the gate and drain/source leakage currents, mainly depending on the insulating materials used as gate dielectric, the dimensions of the gate structure, and the transistor operation regime, we proposed an improved analytical model to describe the behavior of these currents in silicon on insulator fin‐shaped field‐effect transistor devices by taking into account changes in the aforementioned factors. This model considers the direct tunneling, trap‐assisted tunneling, and band‐to‐band tunneling as the predominating mechanisms for leakage currents associated with the gate structure. These specific features make the model valid for a wide operation range and include its impact on the drain leakage current. The implementation of this model in Verilog‐A code is presented in this work, which allows calculating quickly and accurately the scaling constraint of a specific gate dielectric material and the power consumption that yields such leakage currents in a circuit by using commercial simulators. All presented results are validated with experimental data from fin‐shaped field‐effect transistors with different dimensions and gate dielectric materials and performed under different bias conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Destination Brand Personality: An Application to Spanish Tourism
Authors: Gómez Aguilar Alejandro , Yagüe Guillén María Jesús , Villaseñor Roman Nieves 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn the current economic climate, destinations increasingly attempt to differentiate themselves. Brand personality (BP) is a useful tool for understanding differentiation in terms of identity and image perceptions. The authors are unaware of any prior study that develops and analyses to what extent Jennifer Aaker's BP scale is reliable and valid in destination branding.This paper studies UK visitors to two specific Spanish destinations: Granada and Torremolinos. The study concludes that the BP model is second‐order. The results help to more adequately establish the personality trait dimensions that create favourable evaluations of tourism destinations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder drugs consumption, Israel, 2005–2012
Authors: Ponizovsky Alexander M. , Marom Eli , Fitoussi Israel 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of this study was to describe trends in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drugs consumption in Israel (Ritalin, Concerta, Daytrana, Vyvanse, Focalin, and Adderall) over the 8 years, 2005–2012, and to explore explanations for changes in amounts and patterns of the utilization.MethodsData for the period from 2005 to 2012 were extracted from the database maintained by the Israel Ministry of Health's Pharmaceutical Administration. The data were converted into a defined daily dose (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day.ResultsConsumption of all ADHD drugs covered by Israel's national health care system doubled over the study period, from 4.02 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2005 to 9.92 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2012. This rise was largely due to a fivefold increase in Concerta consumption (from 0.46 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2005 to 2.28 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2012) and a threefold increase in Ritalin consumption (from 1.43 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2005 to 4.84 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day in 2012). Adderall (amphetamine mixed salts) consumption rose by 30% for the same period. A substantial trend was noted for increased utilization of high‐dose formulations together with proportional decline in low‐dose consumption. In the same period, cost of the medications has been reduced an average by 20–25%.ConclusionsThere has been a drastic rise in ADHD drugs consumption in Israel over 2005–2012. This has been associated with substantial reduction in cost and changes in the pattern of prescribing that characterized by increased prescription of high‐dose long‐acting preparations of ADHD drugs and decreased prescription of their low‐dose, short‐acting formulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of recurrence of non muscle‐invasive bladder cancer by means of a protein signature identified by antibody microarray analyses
Authors: Srinivasan Harish , Allory Yves , Sill Martin , Vordos Dimitri , Alhamdani Mohamed Saiel Saeed , Radvanyi Francois , Hoheisel Jörg D. , Schröder Christoph 
Published: March 2014

About 70% of newly diagnosed cases of bladder cancer are low‐stage, low‐grade, non muscle‐invasive. Standard treatment is transurethral resection. About 60% of the tumors will recur, however, and in part progress to become invasive. Therefore, surveillance cystoscopy is performed after resection. However, in the USA and Europe alone, about 54 000 new patients per year undergo repeated cystoscopies over several years, who do not experience recurrence. Analysing in a pilot study resected tumors from patients with (n = 19) and without local recurrence (n = 6) after a period of 5 years by means of an antibody microarray that targeted 724 cancer‐related proteins, we identified 255 proteins with significantly differential abundance. Most are involved in the regulation and execution of apoptosis and cell proliferation. A multivariate classifier was constructed based on 20 proteins. It facilitates the prediction of recurrence with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 100%. As a measure of overall accuracy, the area under the curve value was found to be 91%. After validation in additional sample cohorts with a similarly long follow‐up, such a signature could support decision making about the stringency of surveillance or even different treatment options.
Improvement of light extraction efficiency of 350‐nm emission UV light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Nakashima Tsubasa , Takeda Kenichiro , Iwaya Motoaki , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Akasaki Isamu , Amano Hiroshi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn this study, we have aimed to improve the light extraction efficiency by using p‐ and n‐ high‐reflectivity indium tin oxide (ITO)/Al electrodes with a reflectivity of ∼77% at 350 nm, laser lift‐off (LLO) method, and silicone sealing. By a combination of these three methods, the light output power and operating voltage of UV LEDs were improved to 23.8 mW and 6.6 V at 100 mA. Furthermore, the external quantum efficiency and light extraction efficiency were improved to 6.6 and 25.3% at 100 mA. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Progressing management of non‐obstructive azoospermia in the era of microdissection testicular sperm extraction
Authors: Kanto Satoru , Yamasaki Kazumitsu , Iwamoto Teruaki 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPreviously, it was absolutely impossible for azoospermic men to reproduce except in some obstructive azoospermic cases for whom reconstruction of the seminal pathway was successful. However, nowadays, intracytoplasmic sperm injection and microdissection testicular sperm extraction have brought about chances of biological paternity in some non‐obstructive azoospermic men. It is almost 15 years since the first trials of testicular sperm retrieval using surgical microscopy for non‐obstructive azoospermia were reported. In this manuscript, the progress and outcomes of these novel techniques since then are reviewed, the controversial points are discussed and the latest research to achieve pregnancies in tough non‐obstructive azoospermic couples are introduced. Not only the bright side of the renovations, but the underlying concerns are also discussed.
Reactive Oxygen Species Scavengers Improve Voltage‐Gated K+ Channel Function in Pulmonary Arteries of Newborn Pigs with Progressive Hypoxia‐Induced Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Fike Candice D. , Aschner Judy L. , Kaplowitz Mark R. , Zhang Yongmei , Madden Jane A. 
Published: March 2014

Changes in voltage‐gated K+ (Kv) channel function contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. Yet the mechanisms underlying Kv channel impairments in the pulmonary circulation remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROSs) contribute to the Kv channel dysfunction that develops in resistance‐level pulmonary arteries (PRAs) of piglets exposed to chronic in vivo hypoxia. Piglets were raised in either room air (control) or hypoxia for 3 or 10 days. To evaluate Kv channel function, responses to the Kv channel antagonist 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) were measured in cannulated PRAs. To assess the influence of ROSs, PRAs were treated with the ROS‐removing agent M40403 (which dismutates superoxide to hydrogen peroxide), plus polyethylene glycol catalase (which converts hydrogen peroxide to water). Responses to 4‐AP were diminished in PRAs from both groups of hypoxic piglets. ROS‐removing agents had no impact on 4‐AP responses in PRAs from piglets exposed to 3 days of hypoxia but significantly increased the response to 4‐AP in PRAs from piglets exposed to 10 days of hypoxia. Kv channel function is impaired in PRAs of piglets exposed to 3 or 10 days of in vivo hypoxia. ROSs contribute to Kv channel dysfunction in PRAs from piglets exposed to hypoxia for 10 days but are not involved with the Kv channel dysfunction that develops within 3 days of exposure to hypoxia. Therapies to remove ROSs might improve Kv channel function and thereby ameliorate the progression, but not the onset, of pulmonary hypertension in chronically hypoxic newborn piglets.