bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell Migration after Synovium Graft Interposition at Tendon Repair Site
Authors: Hayashi Masanori , Zhao Chunfeng , An Kai-Nan , Amadio Peter C. 
Published: October 2012

Background We have recently reported that interpositional synovium grafts from tendon sheath have a potential to accelerate tendon healing when implanted at the repair site. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of orientation of the synovium after synovium graft transplantation, by comparing the ability of cells from the visceral and parietal surfaces to migrate into the tendon in a canine tissue culture model. Methods The synovium graft was placed within a complete tendon laceration, with either the visceral or parietal surface facing the proximal end of the lacerated tendon. The number of migrating cells was quantified by a cell migration assay. Qualitative immunohistochemistry and confocal laser microscopy were also used at day 10. Results Many labeled synovial cells were observed within the tendon to which the visceral surface of the synovium graft was facing. Migrated cells were also observed on the parietal side, but there were fewer cells compared to visceral surface cells. Migrating cells all expressed α-smooth muscle actin. Conclusion We found that graft orientation affected cell migration. Whether this finding has clinical significance awaits in vivo study.
Studies on Surfactant–Ionic Liquid Interaction on Clouding Behaviour and Evaluation of Thermodynamic Parameters
Authors: Bhatt Darshak , Maheria Kalpana C. , Parikh Jigisha 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe present study investigates the effect of tetraethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate [TEA(BF4)] ionic liquid (IL) on the cloud point (CP) of the following nonionic surfactants in aqueous solution: ter‐octylphenol ethoxylates with 9.5 and 4.5 ethylene oxide groups (abbreviated TOPEO9.5 and TOPEO4.5, respectively), cetyl alcohol ethoxylate with 10 ethylene oxide groups (C16EO10), and sorbitan monolaurate and monooleate both with 20 ethylene oxide groups (SMLEO20 and SMOEO20, respectively) in aqueous solutions. The thermodynamic parameters of these mixtures were calculated at different IL concentrations. The CP of most of the tested nonionic surfactants increased with the increment of IL concentrations with the exception of C16EO10 for which it decreased. The solubility of a nonionic surfactant containing polyoxyethylene (POE) hydrophilic chain was considered as maximum at the CP, hence the thermodynamic parameters were calculated at the same temperature. The results showed that the standard Gibbs free energy (∆GCP0), the enthalpy (∆HCP0) and the entropy (∆SCP0) of the clouding phenomenon were found to be positive for ethoxylated octylphenol and sorbitan esters, whereas ∆HCP0 and ∆SCP0 were found to be negative for C16EO10. It was found that the overall clouding process is endothermic for ethoxylated octylphenol and sorbitan esters and exothermic for C16EO10. For all the studied systems, ∆HCP0 > T∆SCP0 indicated that the process of clouding is guided by both enthalpy and entropy. The positive value of standard Gibbs free energy (∆GCP0) for the all mixed systems indicated that the process proceeds non‐spontaneously. The ∆GCP0 decreased with increasing IL concentration for all the nonionic surfactants; however, it decreased with increasing surfactant concentration for TOPEO9.5, C16EO10, and SMOEO20, and increased with increasing surfactant concentration for TOPEO9.5 and SMLEO20.
Analysis of Sesamin, Asarinin, and Sesamolin by HPLC with Photodiode and Fluorescent Detection and by GC/MS: Application to Sesame Oil and Serum Samples
Authors: Schwertner Harvey A. , Rios Deborah C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNew sensitive and specific analytical methods are needed for the analysis of sesamin, asarinin, and sesamolin in sesame seed oils, sesame dietary supplements, as well as in serum samples from clinical studies involving sesamin, asarinin, and sesamolin. The objective of this study was to develop a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with photodiode array and fluorescent detectors and a gas chromatography mass‐spectrometry (GC/MS) method for the analysis of sesamin, asarinin (episesamin), and sesamolin in sesame oil and in serum samples. Sesame oil samples were extracted with methanol whereas the serum samples were extracted with ethyl acetate or n‐hexane. The individual lignans were analyzed by HPLC using reversed phase C18 columns. Analytical recoveries of sesamin, asarinin, and sesamolin from sesame oil were 92–94 % with two extractions. Recoveries from serum ranged from 87 to 97 %. The limit of quantitation with the fluorometric detector was 0.1 ng compared to 0.1 μg with the PDA detector. The concentrations of sesamin, asarinin, and sesamolin in Orchids and Sigma sesame oil were 0.4, 0, and 0.15 % and 0.19, 0.09, and 0 %, respectively. The identities of the individual lignans obtained by HPLC were confirmed by GC/MS and the concentrations of sesamin, asarinin, and sesamolin obtained with the fluorometric detector correlated with those obtained by GC/MS (r2 = 0.94, P < 0.001). The HPLC and GC/MS methods permit simple and efficient procedures for the analysis of sesamin, asarinin, and sesamolin in sesame oil samples as well as in serum samples.
Biocatalytic Conversion of Coconut Oil to Natural Flavor Esters Optimized with Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Sun Jingcan , Chin Jin Hua , Zhou Weibiao , Yu Bin , Curran Philip , Liu Shao‐Quan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLipase (Lipozyme TL IM)‐mediated biocatalysis in a solvent‐free system was effectively employed to convert coconut oil and fusel oil to flavor‐active octanoic acid esters (mainly ethyl‐, butyl‐, isobutyl‐ and (iso)amyl octanoate). Response surface methodology based on five‐level‐three‐factor central composite design was applied to investigate the effects of single and multiple interactive factors on the conversion. Results indicated that the studied independent parameters including reactant molar ratio, enzyme loading and shaking speed were all significant factors that affected the formation of octanoic acid esters during transesterification reaction. According to the developed polynomial model (R2 = 0.947), the optimum transesterification conditions were determined as follows: molar ratio of 3.25:1 (alcohol/oil), enzyme loading of 16.7 % (wt%) and shaking speed of 160 rpm. Under the optimized reaction conditions an average conversion of 62.0 % was achieved which was in reasonable agreement with the predicted value of 64.1 % and about 9.4 mg of ethyl octanoate, 14.4 mg of isobutyl octanoate, 0.3 mg of butyl octanoate and 49.2 mg of (iso)amyl octanoate were produced per gram of coconut oil.
Improving Fatty Acid Composition of Lipids Synthesized by Brachionus plicatilis in Large Scale Experiments
Authors: Birkou Maria , Bokas Dimitris , Aggelis George 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella sp. were cultivated in industrial scale bioreactors 300 L, under full sunlight and artificial light during night‐time at various temperatures. The most abundant fatty acids were C18:3n‐3 and C16:0 in Chlorella sp., whereas in N. oculata C16:0, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and C16:1n‐9 were predominant. Brachionus plicatilis cultivated in 2,500‐L tanks on N. oculata, Chlorella sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was able to de novo synthesize as well as to elongate and desaturate pre‐existing fatty acids in the feed. When fed with S. cerevisiae, B. plicatilis synthesized lipids containing EPA and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), despite the fact that these fatty acids were absent in yeast lipids. Brachionus fed with Nannochloropsis synthesized DHA in non‐negligible quantities. Brachionus enriched with various commercial preparations incorporated into its lipids substrate fatty acids but also synthesized new fatty acids such as C16:1n‐9, C18:1n‐9, C18:2n‐6, EPA and DHA. Neutral lipid was the main lipid fraction while phospholipids predominated over glycolipids plus sphingolipids. The major amounts of EPA and DHA were observed in neutral lipids, noteworthy quantities of these fatty acids were also incorporated into body phospholipids. Interestingly, the high n‐3 fatty acids content of rotifer lipids was retained even after the rotifers were grown in low n‐3 fatty acid media.
Lipase‐Catalyzed Concentration of Stearidonic Acid in Modified Soybean Oil by Partial Hydrolysis
Authors: Kleiner Leslie , Vázquez Luis , Akoh Casimir C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractStearidonic acid (SDA, 18:4 ω‐3) content of modified soybean oil (MSO) containing ~25 % SDA, was increased by lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis. Four non‐immobilized powdered lipases, Lipase AY 30 (Candida rugosa), Lipase G 50 (Penicillium camembertii), Lipomod™ 34P‐L034P (Candida cylindracea [rugosa]), Lipomod™ 36P‐L036P (Rhizopus oryzae), and an immobilized lipase, Lipozyme RM IM (Rhizomucor miehei) were assessed, at various incubation times, for their ability to hydrolyze MSO and specificity toward SDA. The SDA enriched products contained triacylglycerols (TAG), diacylglycerols (DAG) and monoacylglycerols (MAG). Lipase 34P‐L034P exhibited specificity towards SDA, while Lipase AY was able to discriminate against it. The highest total SDA content (40.9 mol%) was obtained with Amano AY lipase at 4 h incubation (66.2 % hydrolysis). Unhydrolyzed TAG, 1,3‐DAG, 2,3(1)‐DAG, and MAG contained 37.7 (56.4 at the sn‐2 position), 41.6, 51.5 (54.9 at the sn‐2 position), and 49.9 % SDA, respectively. Amano AY lipase was also used to hydrolyze previously SDA‐enriched TAG (48.7 % SDA) obtained from low temperature crystallization of MSO. The highest total SDA content (62.7 mol%) was obtained at 12 h incubation (85.9 % hydrolysis). The SDA contents of unhydrolyzed TAG, 1,3‐DAG, 2,3(1)‐DAG, and MAG were 58.7 (65.7 at the sn‐2 position), 71.2, 70.2 (52.9 at the sn‐2 position), and 59.4 %, respectively.
Preparation and Characterization of Sustainable Polyurethane Foams from Soybean Oils
Authors: Gu Ruijun , Konar Samir , Sain Mohini 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPolyol derived from soybean oil was made from crude soybean oil by epoxidization and hydroxylation. Soy‐based polyurethane (PU) foams were prepared by the in‐situ reaction of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) polyurea prepolymer and soy‐based polyol. A free‐rise method was developed to prepare the sustainable PU foams for use in automotive and bedding cushions. In this study, three petroleum‐based PU foams were compared with two soy‐based PU foams in terms of their foam characterizations and properties. Soy‐based PU foams were made with soy‐based polyols with different hydroxyl values. Soy‐based PU foams had higher Tg (glass transition temperature) and worse cryogenic properties than petroleum‐based PU foams. Bio‐foams had lower thermal degradation temperatures in the urethane degradation due to natural molecular chains with lower thermal stability than petroleum skeletons. However, these foams had good thermal degradation at a high temperature stage because of MDI polyurea prepolymer, which had superior thermal stability than toluene diisocyanate adducts in petroleum‐based PU foams. In addition, soy‐based polyol, with high hydroxyl value, contributed PU foam with superior tensile and higher elongation, but lower compressive strength and modulus. Nonetheless, bio‐foam made with high hydroxyl valued soy‐based polyol had smaller and better distributed cell size than that using low hydroxyl soy‐based polyol. Soy‐based polyol with high hydroxyl value also contributed the bio‐foam with thinner cell walls compared to that with low hydroxyl value, whereas, petroleum‐based PU foams had no variations in cell thickness and cell distributions.
Record-Based Block Distribution (RBBD) and weighted set cover scheduling (WSCS) in MapReduce
Authors: Xiao Qiangju , Shang Pengju , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The massive increase in data volume with the development of computation capability has outmoded compute-intensive clusters for the analysis of large-scale datasets due to the network bottleneck caused by the large amount of data transferred over the network. Chunk-based storage systems are typical data-intensive clusters introduced to do big data analysis. They split data into blocks of the same predefined size and randomly store them across nodes. These systems adopt the strategy of co-located computing and storage to reduce the network transfer by scheduling computation to the node with the most required data. It performs well when the record as the input of the analysis is mostly on the same node. However, this does not always hold to be true, because there is a gap between the records and the blocks. Blocks are scattered across the data nodes with no regard to the semantics of the record. The current solution overlooks the relationship between the computation unit as a record and the storage unit as a block. For records contained in one block, there is no data transfer to schedule by block locations. On the other hand, in practice, one record could be consisted of several blocks which widely applies to binary files, as a result, extra data transfer is incurred to prepare the input data, because these blocks are randomly stored across the nodes and need to be transferred to the selected compute node. Our contribution is to develop a Record-Based Block Distribution (RBBD) framework for data-intensive analytics to eliminate the gap between records and blocks, reducing the data transfer volume before the analytics are processed. Meanwhile, a weighted set cover scheduling (WSCS) is implemented to further improve the performance of the data-intensive analytics by choosing the best combination of data nodes to perform the computation. Our experiments show that using our RBBD framework and WSCS, the data transfer volume is reduced by an average of 36.37 % and our weighted set covering algorithm outperforms the random algorithm by 51–62 %, with the deviation from the ideal solutions of not more than 6.8 %.
Preference exploration and learning: the role of intensiveness and extensiveness of experience
Authors: Hoeffler Steve , Ariely Dan , West Pat , Duclos Rod 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIn this article, the authors partition the construct of experience into intensiveness (i.e., amount) and extensiveness (i.e., breadth) and examine the impact of the two specific types of experience on preference learning. In the first three studies, the authors' theory that experience can be partitioned into intensiveness (i.e., amount) and extensiveness (i.e., breadth) of experience and that extensiveness has a greater impact on preference learning is supported in environments where prior experience is measured. Further, in study 4 they demonstrate that extensiveness or breadth of experience exerts a larger influence on preference learning in an experiment where each unique type of experience is manipulated as well as measured.
Nonlinear stability of hypersonic flow over a cone with passive porous walls
Authors: Michael Vipin , Stephen Sharon O. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study investigates the nonlinear stability of hypersonic viscous flow over a sharp slender cone with passive porous walls. The attached shock and effect of curvature are taken into account. Asymptotic methods are used for large Reynolds number and large Mach number to examine the viscous modes of instability (first Mack mode), which may be described by a triple-deck structure. A weakly nonlinear stability analysis is carried out allowing an equation for the amplitude of disturbances to be derived. The coefficients of the terms in the amplitude equation are evaluated for axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric disturbances. The stabilizing or destabilizing effect of nonlinearity is found to depend on the cone radius. The presence of porous walls significantly influences the effect of nonlinearity, and results for three types of porous wall (regular, random and mesh microstructure) are compared.
The metabolic fate of ivermectin in host (Ovis aries) and parasite (Haemonchus contortus)
Authors: VOKŘÁL IVAN , JEDLIČKOVÁ VERONIKA , JIRÁSKO ROBERT , STUCHLÍKOVÁ LUCIE , BÁRTÍKOVÁ HANA , SKÁLOVÁ LENKA , LAMKA JIŘÍ , HOLČAPEK MICHAL , SZOTÁKOVÁ BARBORA 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYIvermectin (IVE), one of the most important anthelmintics, is often used in the treatment of haemonchosis in ruminants. The objective of our work was (1) to find and identify phase I and II metabolites of IVE formed by the Barber's pole worm (Haemonchus contortus), and (2) to compare IVE metabolites in helminths with IVE biotransformation in sheep (Ovis aries) as host species. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS/MS) was used for this purpose. During in vitro incubations, microsomes (from adult worms or from ovine liver) and a primary culture of ovine hepatocytes were incubated with IVE. In the ex vivo study, living H. contortus adults were incubated in the presence of 1 μM IVE for 24 h. The results showed that the H. contortus enzymatic system is not able to metabolize IVE. On the other hand, 7 different phase I as well as 9 phase II IVE metabolites were detected in ovine samples using UHPLC/MS/MS analyses. Most of these metabolites have not been described before. Haemonchus contortus is not able to deactivate IVE through biotransformation; therefore, biotransformation does not contribute to the development of IVE-resistance in the Barber's pole worm.
Sino-Capitalism: China's Reemergence and the International Political Economy
Authors: McNally Christopher A. 
Published: October 2012

There is little doubt that China's international reemergence represents one of the most significant events in modern history. As China's political economy gains in importance, its interactions with other major political economies will shape global values, institutions, and policies, thereby restructuring the international political economy. Drawing on theories and concepts in comparative capitalism, the author envisages China's reemergence as generating Sino-capitalism—a capitalist system that is already global in reach but one that differs from Anglo-American capitalism in important respects. Sino-capitalism relies more on informal business networks than legal codes and transparent rules. It also assigns the Chinese state a leading role in fostering and guiding capitalist accumulation. Sino-capitalism, ultimately, espouses less trust in free markets and more trust in unitary state rule and social norms of reciprocity, stability, and hierarchy.After conceptualizing Sino-capitalism's domestic political economy, the author uses the case of China's efforts to internationalize its currency, the yuan or renminbi, to systematically illustrate the multifarious manner in which the domestic logic of Sino-capitalism is expressed at the global level. Rather than presenting a deterministic argument concerning the future international role of China, he argues that China's stance and strategy in the international political economy hew quite closely to Sino-capitalism's hybrid compensatory institutional arrangements on the domestic level: state guidance; flexible and entrepreneurial networks; and global integration. Sino-capitalism therefore represents an emerging system of global capitalism centered on China that is producing a dynamic mix of mutual dependence, symbiosis, competition, and friction with the still dominant Anglo-American model of capitalism.
Ketorolac-associated renal morbidity: risk factors in cardiac surgical infants
Authors: Moffett Brady S. , Cabrera Antonio 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe aimed to identify the risk factors for acute kidney injury in infants who have received ketorolac after a cardiac surgical procedure by identifying patients with a ≥50% increase in serum creatinine from baseline and matching them by age with three controls that had <50% increase in serum creatinine. Significant differences in primary surgical procedure, baseline serum creatinine, and concomitant aspirin use were noted. We conclude that the concomitant use of aspirin with ketorolac is associated with increased renal morbidity in young post-cardiac surgical infants.
Dietary composition and nutrient content of the New Nordic Diet
Authors: Mithril Charlotte , Dragsted Lars Ove , Meyer Claus , Tetens Inge , Biltoft-Jensen Anja , Astrup Arne 
Published: October 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the dietary composition of the New Nordic Diet (NND) and to compare it with the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR)/Danish Food-based Dietary Guidelines (DFDG) and with the average Danish diet.DesignDietary components with clear health-promoting properties included in the DFDG were included in the NND in amounts at least equivalent to those prescribed by the DFDG. The quantities of the other dietary components in the NND were based on scientific arguments for their potential health-promoting properties together with considerations of acceptability, toxicological concerns, availability and the environment. Calculations were conducted for quantifying the dietary and nutrient composition of the NND.SettingDenmark.SubjectsNone.ResultsThe NND is characterized by a high content of fruits and vegetables (especially berries, cabbages, root vegetables and legumes), fresh herbs, potatoes, plants and mushrooms from the wild countryside, whole grains, nuts, fish and shellfish, seaweed, free-range livestock (including pigs and poultry) and game. Overall, the average daily intakes of macro- and micronutrients in the NND meet the NNR with small adjustments based on evidence of their health-promoting properties.ConclusionsThe NND is a prototype regional diet that takes palatability, health, food culture and the environment into consideration. Regionally appropriate healthy diets could be created on similar principles anywhere in the world.
Front-end HPA/antenna for multi-radio
Authors: Diet Antoine M. , Ribière-Tharaud Nicolas , Villegas Martine , Baudoin Geneviève 
Published: October 2012

This paper focuses on multi-radio front-end transmitter, a function implied by cognitive radio (0.5–6 GHz). S and C bands standards (wireless local and metropolitan area networks) present a challenge, due to the signal modulation schemes (orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM)/WCDMA, wideband code division multiple access) dynamic (tens of dBs), driving us to a mandatory transmitter linearization. The idea is to provide frequency, flexibility, and average power control of a multi-radio high-efficiency front end for such signals (polar/envelope elimination and restoration (EER) structure). The study implies antennas design and average power control demonstration. Based on a switched mode power amplifier (PA), a discrete detuning is possible to adapt the PA at both “WiMAX” and “Wifi5” frequencies. This architecture amplifies signals with amplitude information. This is coded here by the ΣΔ/PWM (pulse width modulation) technique, to present a constant envelope signal. The amplitude information is restored by a pass-band radio frequency (RF) filter. The antenna can be designed with a notch, to reduce the filtering constraints (selectivity and standards coexistences) and to help in the restoration of amplitude information. Average power control is illustrated by voltage supply variation and results are a possible dynamic of 9.5 dB. To complete the analysis, the simulation of the propagation channel, including antennas, with CST (free space, line of sight) is imported under AGILENT-ADS.