bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and systematization of the training structure of professional breakers
Authors: Lindner Sophie Manuela , Nonnenmann Jens , Schott Nadja , Steinberg Claudia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIncluding breaking in the Paris 2024 Olympic Games entails numerous structural changes, such as developing a scientifically based training system for national squad athletes. So far, breaking has been chiefly practiced without access to trained coaches with a sports science background, and no research has addressed its training structure. This study aims to identify breakers’ existing training strategies by analyzing their training through video observation and interviews. Demographic data were collected via online questionnaires from 12 professional breakers (29.8 ± 3.5 years) worldwide. On average, participants had 15.1 ± 3.6 years of breaking experience, dedicating 24 ± 10.2 hours per week to training. All participants stated that they organized their breaking training independently, without supervision from a national coach. Training strategies were identified and grouped into three training phases: warm-up, breaking training, and cool-down. Warm-up routines were incorporated by all participants, with emphasis placed on knee and shoulder joints. However, only 7 participants performed a cool-down. Specific warm-up routines involved toprock, footwork, and freeze positions. Breakers often trained individually or in small groups, engaging in full-out dance rounds and simulated battles. Incorporating new steps required trial and error, with breakers utilizing various learning techniques including movement dissection and speed reduction. Overall, the obtained data revealed a diverse and multifaceted category structure regarding the training strategies of professional breakers. This study shows that the training structure is often decided by the dancers themselves, who tend to be autodidacts. Subsequently, recommendations were made from a sports science perspective for effective breaking training.
Attempted Self-Harm with Elemental Thallium Purchased Online: Case Report with Analytical Confirmation
Authors: Spadaro Anthony , Lee Andrew Sae Young , Pineda Hilda , Ruck Bruce , Calello Diane P. , Greller Howard A. , Nelson Lewis S. , Parris Mehruba A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Thallium is a highly toxic metal, with most publications demonstrating poisoning from thallium salts. We report on a patient with elevated serum and urine thallium concentrations from an intentional ingestion of elemental thallium purchased from the internet for self-harm.

Case Report
The regional poison center was contacted about an 18-year-old man who ingested a fragment from a 100-gram bar reported to be elemental thallium. Serial serum and urine thallium concentrations were obtained. Prussian blue was started on hospital day (HD) 2. A metal fragment was seen on abdominal x-ray and removed via colonoscopy on HD3. The ingested fragment was analyzed via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and found to be 87.0% elemental thallium. The initial serum thallium concentration obtained on HD1 was 423.5 mcg/L (reference range < 5.1 mcg/L), which subsequently decreased to 4.5 mcg/L, 29 days after the ingestion. An initial random urine thallium concentration obtained on HD 3 was 1850.5 mcg/g creatinine (reference range < 0.4 mcg/g creatinine). The patient remained hospitalized for 23 days and, when seen in follow-up, had not developed any signs or symptoms of thallium toxicity.

Discussion
Elemental thallium ingestion is a rare toxicologic exposure, with limited published clinical and analytical experience to guide management. This case report describes a patient with ingestion of elemental thallium who developed elevated serum and urine thallium concentrations and was treated with Prussian blue. Despite having elevated serum and urine thallium concentrations consistent with previous fatal exposures, more evidence is needed to understand the differences between elemental thallium and thallium salts.
Carbon dioxide removal through ecosystem restoration: Public perceptions and political participation
Authors: Kuhn Annegret , Merk Christine , Wunsch Andrea 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe compare public perceptions of restoring different ecosystems to increase CO2 uptake in Germany, through focus groups and a general population survey. Among focus group participants forests were highly popular, peatlands evoked negative associations, and seagrass was largely unknown. Nevertheless, the restoration of all ecosystems was viewed positively. We contrast these reactions to those of survey respondents who had not received additional information on restoration. They voiced narrower, less diverse opinions centering around afforestation. Further, focus group participants preferred expert-led restoration decisions, citing low trust in politicians’ technical competence. Contrary to common policy recommendations, also beyond the German context, participants did not emphasize the need of citizen participation and were not strongly concerned about land use conflicts or compensation of affected user groups. The results imply that the public underestimates the political complexity of negotiation processes in ecosystem governance, which are becoming increasingly relevant in the international policy landscape.
Tropical Cyclones in Nicaragua: Historical Impact and Contemporary Exposure to Disaster Risk
Authors: Velásquez-Espinoza Gema , Alcántara-Ayala Irasema 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn tropical regions such as Nicaragua, the population’s vulnerability to hazards has escalated in recent decades. This increase in vulnerability has led to a surge in disasters, particularly those triggered by intense hurricanes. The implications at the national level are still poorly understood. The aim of this article has, therefore, been two-fold. First, to present a historical review of the direct effects of tropical cyclones on society in Nicaragua from 1852 to 2020. Second, to analyze the statistical probabilities of future hurricane-spawned high winds over Nicaragua. Data on cyclones hitting Nicaragua’s coasts were collected, including direct effects, wind speed, pressure, category, direction, and time of landfall. A database was created to classify intensity based on wind speed and frequency. Between 1852 and 2020, Nicaragua experienced 58 tropical cyclones with varying degrees of intensity between September and November. The trajectories of six past hurricanes were considered here regarding the areas that might have been under potential threat. Three zones of influence were delimited along each trajectory according to three wind intensities and the trajectory of these hurricanes. The consequent exposure of each Nicaraguan department and autonomous region was established. The findings are essential to delimitating priority areas for attention regarding the likely impact of tropical cyclones, mainly category 4 and 5 hurricanes. Public officials and the general public can use these data to identify the pressing need for enhanced strategies to mitigate disaster risk and avoid potential disasters.
Business Cycle and Early Warning Indicators for the Economy of Hong Kong– Challenges of Forecasting Work amid the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ng Sharon Pun-wai , Kwok Eddie Ming-lok , Cheng Brian Chi-yan , Yuen Alfred Yiu-po 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper discusses the use of the OECD’s framework to identify early warning indicators for building a Composite Leading Indicator (CLI) and the use of the Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) for constructing a short-term forecasting model of economic growth of Hong Kong. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper further evaluates the performance of the CLI and forecasting model which were built based on pre-COVID-19 parameters and identify further adjustments to enhance the model performance.
Urban Spatial Dynamics and Geo-informatics Prediction of Karachi from 1990–2050 Using Remote Sensing and CA-ANN Simulation
Authors: Din Shaker Ul , Yamamoto Kayoko 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRapid urbanization significantly impacts land use and land cover (LULC), leading to various socioeconomic and environmental challenges. Effective monitoring and detection of spatial discrepancies are crucial for urban planners and authorities to manage these changes. This study aims to analyze the spatial dynamics of LULC changes and predict future land use patterns. The specific objectives are to classify historical land use from 1990 to 2020, simulate future land use from 2020 to 2050, and interpret the spatial and temporal results. The study utilized remotely sensed images with the semi-automatic classification plugin (SCP) approach for land use classification from 1990 to 2020. Future land use patterns were simulated using the Modules of Land Use Change Evaluation (MOLUSCE)-based Cellular Automata-Artificial Neural Network (CA-ANN) model. The results were then interpreted to comprehend the dynamics of urban expansion. The conclusions direct a significant increase in built-up and grasslands, with a consistent decline in other land use types. From 1990 to 2020, approximately 423.75 km² and 856.97 km² of land were converted into built-up areas and grasslands, respectively. This was accompanied by a decline in rocky bare and bare soil areas, while the proportions of water bodies and mangroves remained steady. Predictions for 2020 to 2050 suggest an additional increase of 561.93 km² in built-up areas, with a progressive decline in other land use classes. The study emphasizes the critical need for spatial planning policies to address challenges arising from rapid urbanization. By analyzing historical land use changes and predicting future patterns this research offers a comprehensive view of urban growth dynamics. The novel application of these techniques provides valuable insights for urban planners to develop informed strategies for managing expansion and mitigating associated socioeconomic and environmental impacts.
Assessing the Increasing Frequency of Heat Waves in Cuba and Contributing Mechanisms
Authors: Pérez-Alarcón Albenis , Sorí Rogert , Stojanovic Milica , Vázquez Marta , Trigo Ricardo M. , Nieto Raquel , Gimeno Luis 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study presents the first climatological analysis of heat waves in Cuba from 1951 to 2023. Here we define a heat wave as a period of at least three consecutive days in which the daily maximum and minimum temperatures exceed their respective calendar-day 99th percentile. Our analysis detected a total number of 393 heat waves (∼ 5.4 events per year over the three regions (western, central and eastern) during the study period, distributed ∼ 3.1 per year during the dry season (from November to April) and ∼ 2.3 per year during the rainy season (from May to October). The highest frequency was recorded in the western region of Cuba, albeit the eastern region is the hottest one. The analysis of the life cycle of the heat waves revealed that they are relatively short-lived, with a mean duration of ∼ 4.9 and ∼ 5.3 days in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. Furthermore, we found a statistically significant (p < 0.05) upward trend in the frequency, intensity, spatial extent and annual number of days under such hot extremes. The Lagrangian heat analysis revealed a predominantly local origin of the sensible heating, followed by heat advected from upwind sources throughout the easterly winds. An assessment of the main physical mechanisms associated with these heat waves revealed that, in general, these hot extremes were exacerbated by the soil moisture deficit, high-pressure conditions and associated clear skies and increased solar radiation. Based on the Heat Wave Magnitude Index, we also presented the top 10 Cuban heat waves, which mainly occurred in the last decade, confirming the upward trend in the intensity of these extreme events. Overall, this study provides insights into the heat waves in Cuba and contributes to the development of physically plausible storylines to help decision-makers in implementing mitigation and adaptation strategies in the context of global warming.
Non-Compact Inaudibility of Weak Symmetry and Commutativity via Generalized Heisenberg Groups
Authors: Arias-Marco Teresa , Fernández-Barroso José-Manuel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTwo Riemannian manifolds are said to be isospectral if there exists a unitary operator which intertwines their Laplace-Beltrami operator. In this paper, we prove in the non-compact setting the inaudibility of the weak symmetry property and the commutative property using an isospectral pair of 23 dimensional generalized Heisenberg groups.
On Relationships
Authors: Hänel Hilkje C. , Jenkins Katharine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper explores and and questions the distinction between friendship and romantic love, as these two types of relationship are usually understood. We argue that the search for an essential and necessary distinction between them is misguided, since the distinction is most plausibly viewed as being based solely on a cluster of contingent social norms. Furthermore, we seek to show that there are good reasons for not drawing this distinction, such that we should try to change our social norms in this regard. The friendship-romantic relationship binary, we argue, is unhelpful for the flourishing of both friendships and romantic relationships, and unnecessarily limits access to certain goods, notably affectionate touch. Furthermore, this binary raises specifically feminist concerns: that it prioritizes cross-gender relationships over relationships between women, that it imposes limits on intimacy between men, and that it is implicated in problems concerning sexual consent. Our romantic relationships, our friendships, and our gender politics would therefore benefit from dissolving this socially-created distinction. Finally, in service of responding to a potential objection, we offer a preliminary sketch of a positive proposal for how our relationships might be structured in the absence of a friendship/romantic relationship binary, according to which relationships are structured around shared projects. On this proposal, the projects we engage in with other people can function to give definition to our relationships to them, but it is up to us which projects we want to engage in and with whom. Most importantly, this should be negotiated on an individual basis rather than being governed by social norms restricting us to either romantic relationships or friendships.
Learning under singularity: an information criterion improving WBIC and sBIC
Authors: Liu Lirui , Suzuki Joe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe introduce a novel information criterion, termed learning under singularity (LS), designed to enhance the functionality of the widely applicable Bayes information criterion (WBIC) and the singular Bayesian information criterion (sBIC). LS is effective without regularity constraints and demonstrates stability. Watanabe defined a statistical model or a learning machine as regular if the mapping from a parameter to a probability distribution is one-to-one and its Fisher information matrix is positive definite. In contrast, models not meeting these conditions are termed singular. Over the past decade, several information criteria for singular cases have been proposed, including WBIC and sBIC. WBIC is applicable in non-regular scenarios but faces challenges with large sample sizes and redundant estimation of known learning coefficients. Conversely, sBIC is limited in its broader application due to its dependence on maximum likelihood estimates. LS addresses these limitations by enhancing the utility of both WBIC and sBIC. It incorporates the empirical loss from the widely applicable information criterion (WAIC) to represent the goodness of fit to the statistical model, along with a penalty term similar to that of sBIC. This approach offers a flexible and robust method for model selection, free from regularity constraints.
Situating spatial determinism in urban design and planning for sustainable walkability: a simulation of street morphology and pedestrian behaviour
Authors: Silva Cristian , Xue Song 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStreets and roads have been constantly identified as key spaces to improve walkability and—by extension—the entire urban environment. Such improvements lie on planning and design theories that are often supported by qualitative evidence and as such, tend to remain highly speculative on how street design influences walkability in more deterministic ways. Drawbacks in further exploring this street-walkability correlation are partly defined by an explicit rejection to ‘spatial determinism’ in urban morphology and social sciences, but also because combining differing epistemological approaches for understanding social processes linked to the physical aspects of the space is complex. In this paper, it is proposed that qualitative (social-based) theories of the space and quantitative (positivist) understandings of people’s behaviour can complement each other to elaborate upon ‘spatial determinism’ with focus on streetscapes and pedestrian behaviour. By using Agent-Based Modelling (ABMs), morphological components of streets linked to population characteristics are analysed to understand walkability from the perspective of spatial determinism. The findings suggest that the street settings directly affect pedestrian behaviour, and that changes in the built environment result in changes on walkability patterns. Ultimately, the modelling exercise shed light on street design and walkability, but also on wider debates on how urban design and social processes correlate in more deterministic and, therefore, predictable ways.
Health information systems data for decision-making: case study in three cities on current practices and opportunities
Authors: Rajkumar Sarah , Secula Florence , Cobos Daniel , Socha Anna , Boch Johannes , des Rosiers Sarah , Reiker Theresa , Barboza Joseph , Seck Karim , Silveira Mariana , Nguyen Thuy , Steinmann Peter 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA functional and reliable Health Information System (HIS) is vital for data-based decision-making in public health. Here we describe the assessment of data processes and general HIS principles by adapting a global approach to three cities. The assessments supported the data strategy of the CARDIO4cities initiative in each city aiming to improve urban population health by increasing the use of cardiovascular disease (CVD) data to inform decision-making. We aimed to explore data collection processes and entities, data availability and quality as well as data ownership and sharing regarding a set of identified key performance indicators (KPIs). KPIs were based on a global theory of change (ToC) and a global evaluation and indicator framework and were tailored to each location. By first assessing existing sources and processes regarding data, recommendations for changes and improvements are sure to build on current circumstances. To map the data, existing data collection, analysis and storage processes were investigated. A flow chart was created to visualize the data pathways and challenges for each system and findings were compared across cities to document differences and similarities. Data quality and interoperability of various separate systems were the most prominent challenges for all HISs. The observed dvata quality issues originated from incorrect, missing and incomplete data and were connected to the misunderstanding of indicators, incomplete data input forms or the lack of a systematic data routine in the workflow. Harmonization of the HISs to ensure interoperability can facilitate data collection and analysis of health data and can provide a solid basis for health management decision-making. Based on the presented HIS cases, we recommend to examine, map and verify current processes when conducting a HIS assessment, to visualize findings and to gauge the interest of government entities to ensure political support.
Classification for the digital and cognitive AI hazards: urgent call to establish automated safe standard for protecting young human minds
Authors: Shalaby Ahmed 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study presents a novel classification framework for digital and cognitive AI hazards (Shalaby’s Classification for Digital Hazards), aiming to comprehensively categorize risks across pathophysiological impacts, technical sources, content-related risks, algorithmic influences, modification factors, and mitigation measures. It utilizes rigorous literature review methodologies to synthesize existing research and proposes practical implementations, including an AI-driven scoring system for personalized risk assessment and mitigation strategies. The framework addresses the critical imperative to effectively manage evolving digital risks amid rapid technological advancements, while acknowledging challenges such as data availability limitations and ethical considerations.
Towards sustainable nocturnal environment management: a social-ecological-technical system analysis in Wallonia (Belgium)
Authors: Bebronne Elodie , Heng Samedi , Limbourg Sabine 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study examines the management of the nocturnal environment in Belgium’s Walloon region from a social-ecological-technical system perspective, aiming to enhance sustainability in nightscapes. To identify critical challenges and action priorities, we employ Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal analysis. Our research offers insights into the macro-environmental factors that organisations should prioritise when envisioning sustainable lighting and dark sky protection. Based on the outcomes of the Walloon case study and the recent literature, we determine the priorities that lead to shaping action plans and the research challenges to ensure a smooth transition towards more sustainable nightscapes. Key challenges emerge: a lack of awareness of light pollution, both for the authorities and citizens; a longstanding relationship between safety and lighting, with fears echoed in political discourse; and the lack of consideration of light pollution in legal, political and environmental agendas. To address these challenges, enhanced policies could be tailored to local contexts and improved to mitigate light pollution. Findings support a multidimensional strategy integrating public action with awareness campaigns, encouraging sustainable practices in management of nocturnal environments.
High‐Resolution Variability of the Ocean Carbon Sink
Authors: Gregor Luke , Shutler Jamie , Gruber Nicolas 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMeasurements of the surface ocean fugacity of carbon dioxide (fCO2) provide an important constraint on the global ocean carbon sink, yet the gap‐filling products developed so far to cope with the sparse observations are relatively coarse (1° × 1° by 1 month). Here, we overcome this limitation by using a novel combination of machine learning‐based methods and target transformations to estimate surface ocean fCO2 and the associated sea‐air CO2 fluxes (FCO2) globally at a resolution of 8‐day by 0.25° × 0.25° (8D) over the period 1982 through 2022. Globally, the method reconstructs fCO2 with accuracy similar to that of low‐resolution methods (∼19 μatm), but improves it in the coastal ocean. Although global ocean CO2 uptake differs little, the 8D product captures 15% more variance in FCO2. Most of this increase comes from the better‐represented subseasonal scale variability, which is largely driven by the better‐resolved variability of the winds, but also contributed to by the better‐resolved fCO2. The high‐resolution fCO2 is also capable of capturing the signal of short‐lived regional events such as hurricanes. For example, the 8D product reveals that fCO2 was at least 25 μatm lower in the wake of Hurricane Maria (2017), the result of a complex interplay between the decrease in temperature, the entrainment of carbon‐rich waters, and an increase in primary production. By providing new insights into the role of higher frequency variations of the ocean carbon sink and the underlying processes, the 8D product fills an important gap.