bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of metribuzin degradation by colloidal manganese dioxide in absence and presence of surfactants
Authors: Qamruzzaman  , Nasar Abu 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe kinetics of the degradation of metribuzin by water-soluble colloidal MnO2 in acidic medium (HClO4) were studied spectrophotometrically in the absence and presence of surfactants. The experiments were performed under pseudo-first-order reaction conditions in respect of MnO2. The degradation was observed to be of the first order in respect of MnO2 while of fractional order for both metribuzin and HClO4. The rate constant for the degradation of metribuzin was observed to decrease as the concentration of MnO2 increased. The anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), was observed to be ineffective whereas the non-ionic surfactant, Triton X-100 (TX-100), accelerated the reaction rate. However, the cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), caused flocculation with oppositely-charged colloidal MnO2; hence further study was not possible. The catalytic effect of TX-100 was discussed in the light of the available mathematical model. The kinetic data were exploited to generate the various activation parameters for the oxidative degradation of metribuzin by colloidal MnO2 in the absence as well as the presence of the non-ionic surfactant, TX-100.
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of sulphated polysaccharides extracted from Fucus vesiculosus using different hydrothermal processes
Authors: Rodriguez-Jasso Rosa , Mussatto Solange , Pastrana Lorenzo , Aguilar Cristóbal , Teixeira José 
Published: June 2013

AbstractSulphated polysaccharides (SP) were extracted from Fucus vesiculosus seaweed by using two different hydrothermal processes: microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and autohydrolysis (AH). The extraction yields, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides extracted were determined and compared. Although both processes afforded SP with similar yields (18.2 mass % and 16.5 mass %, for MAE and AH, respectively) and l-fucose as the main monosaccharide, the heterogeneous structure of the polysaccharide recovered was significantly affected by the AH process. The SP obtained by MAE contained 53.8 mole % of fucose, 35.3 mole % of xylose, and 10.8 mole % of galactose; while the SP obtained by AH was composed of 76.8 mole % of fucose and 23.2 mole % of galactose. Both samples presented comparable values of antioxidant activity by the di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)iminoazanium (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and lipid oxidation inhibition methods, but the polysaccharide obtained by AH exhibited a higher antioxidant potential by the differential pulse voltammetry technique. This study demonstrates that the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of SP obtained from F. vesiculosus vary according to the process used for their extraction. However, the SP obtained by MAE or AH both have the potential for use as natural antioxidants in industrial applications.
A new organically templated magnesium sulfate: structure, spectroscopic analysis, and thermal behaviour
Authors: Hassan Dhouha , Rekik Walid , Naïli Houcine , Mhiri Tahar 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA new magnesium sulfate templated by 2-methylpiperazine, (C5H14N2)[Mg(H2O)6](SO4)2, was prepared by the slow evaporation method. The obtained crystals were investigated by the Raman and FTIR spectroscopy and crystallographically characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallises in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n. Supramolecular network of this hybrid material consists of Mg2+ cations octahedrally coordinated by six water molecules, sulfate tetrahedra and protonated and disordered diamine linked together by two types of hydrogen bonds: OW—H…O and N—H…O. Dehydration of the title compound takes place in three steps. Thermal decomposition of the anhydrous phase consists in the loss of the organic moiety and one sulfate group leading to the formation of magnesium sulfate.
Outcomes of cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy in the pediatric population
Authors: Rocque Brandon G. , Amancherla Kaushik , Lew Sean M. , Lam Sandi 
Published: June 2013

Cranioplasty is routinely performed following decompressive craniectomy in both adult and pediatric populations. In adults, this procedure is associated with higher rates of complications than is elective cranial surgery. This study is a review of the literature describing risk factors for complications after cranioplasty surgery in pediatric patients. A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane, and SCOPUS databases was undertaken. Articles were selected based on their titles and abstracts. Only studies that focused on a pediatric population were included; case reports were excluded. Studies in which the authors assessed bone flap storage method, timing of cranioplasty, material used (synthetic vs autogenous), skull defect size, and/or complication rates (bone resorption and surgical site infection) were selected for further analysis. Eleven studies that included a total of 441 cranioplasties performed in the pediatric population are included in this review.
The findings are as follows: 1) Based on analysis of pooled data, using cryopreserved bone flaps during cranioplasty may lead to a higher rate of bone resorption and lower rate of infection than using bone flaps stored at room temperature. 2) In 3 of 4 articles describing the effect of time between craniectomy and cranioplasty on complication rate, the authors found no significant effect, while in 1 the authors found that the incidence of bone resorption was significantly lower in children who had undergone early cranioplasty. Pooling of data was not possible for this analysis. 3) There are insufficient data to assess the effect of cranioplasty material on complication rate when considering only cranioplasties performed to repair decompressive craniectomy defects. However, when considering cranioplasties performed for any indication, those in which freshly harvested autograft is used may have a lower rate of resorption than those in which stored autograft is used. 4) There is no appreciable effect of craniectomy defect size or patient age on complication rate.
There is a paucity of articles describing outcomes and complications following cranioplasty in children and adolescents. However, based on the studies examined in this systematic review, there are reasons to suspect that method of flap preservation, timing of surgery, and material used may be significant. Larger prospective and retrospective studies are needed to shed more light on this important issue.
Repeated cyst formation in a patient with leukoencephalopathy, cerebral calcifications, and cysts: effectiveness of stereotactic aspiration with Ommaya reservoir placement
Authors: Ooba Hiroshi , Abe Tatsuya , Hisamitsu Yoshinori , Fujiki Minoru 
Published: June 2013

The combination of leukoencephalopathy, cerebral calcifications, and cysts (LCC) constitutes a rare cerebral disorder characterized by distinctive neuroradiological and clinical findings. Twenty-eight cases of LCC have been reported. Surgery is usually required to treat progressively expanding cysts, but surgical strategies have been varied.
The authors present the case of a patient who underwent 4 surgical procedures for repeated cyst formation. The first operation was performed for the removal of a cyst and to make a histopathological diagnosis. The second and third operations were performed to treat de novo cysts. The fourth operation was performed to treat a recurrence.
This is the first reported case of LCC in which it was necessary to perform surgery 4 times, in large part due to de novo cyst formation. It provides evidence that multiple cysts may develop in these patients and that several surgical operations may be needed to treat LCC. Stereotactic aspiration with Ommaya reservoir placement is an appropriate procedure for this condition because it is less invasive and more repeatable than open surgery.
Cavernous malformations of the basal ganglia in children
Authors: Gross Bradley A. , Smith Edward R. , Scott R. Michael 
Published: June 2013

Object
Cavernous malformations (CMs) of the basal ganglia are relatively rare lesions that can lead to considerable neurological impairment because of their eloquent location. The authors reviewed the clinical course and surgical outcome of a series of children with basal ganglia CMs.

Methods
The authors retrospectively reviewed the operative experience of the senior author (R.M.S.) and the 1997–2011 database of Boston Children's Hospital for children with CM of the basal ganglia (which includes CM of the caudate and/or lentiform nucleus and excludes CM of the thalamus). They evaluated baseline demographics, presenting signs, operative outcomes, and condition at long-term follow-up visits and compared these characteristics among patients who underwent surgery and those who were observed.

Results
Of 180 children with a diagnosis of CM, 11 (6%) had CM of the basal ganglia. The mean age at diagnosis was 9.3 years, and the male/female ratio was 1.8:1. Presenting signs were as follows: hemorrhage (8 children), incidental lesions (2), and seizures (1); 2 children had choreiform movement disorders. Treatment was observation or surgery. Observation was chosen for 5 children either because the lesions were asymptomatic (2 children) or because the risk for neurological dysfunction after attempted excision was believed to be high (3 children). These 5 children were observed over a combined total of 30.4 patient-years; none experienced neurological deterioration or symptomatic hemorrhage from their lesions. The other 6 children underwent microsurgical resection of the lesion because they were symptomatic from hemorrhage or increasing mass effect. All 6 of these children had hemorrhagic lesions, of which the smallest dimension was at least 1.5 cm. Of these 6 lesions, 5 were excised completely, and over a combined total of 46 patient-years of follow-up, no rebleeding or late neurological deterioration after surgery was reported.

Conclusions
In this patient population, the natural history of small and asymptomatic CMs of the basal ganglia was benign. The children with large (> 1.5 cm) symptomatic lesions underwent excision; neurological impairment was apparently minimal, and no hemorrhage or neurological deterioration occurred later.
Fortifications des îles. Trois siècles d'architecture militaire en Guadeloupe : XVIIe-XIXe siècle
Authors: Kissoun Bruno 
Published: June 2013

La Guadeloupe possède un patrimoine fortifié riche et diversifié, témoin des affrontements séculaires que Français et Anglais se sont livrés depuis le XVII siècle. Dès le début de la colonisation de l'île, les premiers ingénieurs militaires tentèrent d'appliquer en Amérique des principes défensifs que les contraintes insulaires et les sites d'implantation, souvent inadaptés, rendirent inefficaces. Modestes et rudimentaires, les premiers ouvrages fortifiés témoignent d'un archaïsme démesuré que les travaux, longs et coûteux d'aménagement et d'extension, ne corrigerons jamais au XVIIIe siècle ; à l'image du fort Delgrès à Basse-Terre ou du fort Louis à l'entrée de la rade de Pointe-à-Pitre.
Au XIXe siècle, alors que la recrudescence des conflits se généralise, les réflexions engagées sous l'Empire sous les ouvrages-types permettent l'amélioration par la standardisation des batteries de côtes, y compris aux Antilles où les multiples points de défense sont abandonnés au profit de sites stratégiques uniques que les progrès de l'artillerie permettent en outre de mieux couvrir. À Pointe-à-Pitre mais surtout aux Saintes, « Gibraltar des Antilles », de nouveaux ouvrages, plus adaptés, répondant mieux aux prescriptions concernant la défense des côtes, voient le jour mais ne connaîtrons jamais le baptême du feu.
Discovery of EST‐derived microsatellite primers in the legume Lens culinaris (Fabaceae)
Authors: Jain Neelu , Dikshit H. K. , Singh D. , Singh Akanksha , Kumar Harish 
Published: June 2013

• Premise of the study: We developed microsatellite markers in the legume Lens culinaris from publicly available databases to enrich the limited marker resource available for the crop.• Methods and Results: Eighty‐two primer sets were identified using expressed sequence sets of L. culinaris available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database and were characterized in six species of Lens. Among them, 20 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers produced no amplification product, 43 produced monomorphic products, and 19 were polymorphic. The primers amplified mono‐, di‐, tri‐, tetra‐, penta‐, and hexanucleotide repeats with one to four alleles. These SSR loci successfully amplified in five related wild species, with a total of 61 primer pairs in L. nigricans and L. odemensis (98.39%), 59 in L. tomentosus (95.1%), and 60 in L. ervoides and L. orientalis (96.7%), respectively.• Conclusions: The microsatellite markers discovered in this study will be useful in genetic mapping, marker‐assisted breeding, and characterization of germplasm.
Origin of HBV and Its Arrival in the Americas – the Importance of Natural Selection on Time Estimates
Authors: Godoy Bibiane A , Alvarado-Mora Mónica V , Gomes-Gouvêa Michele S , Pinho João R Rebello , Fagundes Nelson JR 
Published: June 2013

Background The strong geographic structure shown by the global pattern of HBV lineages suggests an ancient origin for this virus; however, estimates based on the molecular clock suggest a very recent origin for the Native American genotypes F and H. In this study, we contribute to this debate by estimating the divergence times of genotypes F and H and by discussing how evolutionary rates estimated from recent samples may underestimate the divergence time of more ancient nodes in HBV phylogenies. Methods A total of 108 complete HBV genotype F and H genomes were compared to 44 reference genomes from other genotypes. Time estimates were based on a Bayes-ian method with evolutionary rates taken from the literature. To assess the pattern of substitutions in recent versus old branches we mapped the phylogenetic distribution of all mutations occurring in genotypes F and H using a maximum likelihood approach and compared the number of synonymous and non-synonymous mutations in young and old branches of HBV genotype F and H phylogeny using a c2 test. Results Estimated divergence times between genotypes F and H depend heavily on the evolutionary rate. While fast rates suggest a recent separation of these genotypes (approximately 800 years ago), slow rates suggest an earlier divergence (up to approximately 13,000 years ago). There is a clear excess of non-synonymous substitutions in the most recent branches of HBV phylogeny ( P=4.87x10-15), most likely suggesting the action of purifying selection. Conclusions These results suggest that rates estimated based on recent samples will overestimate the evolutionary rate and underestimate the coalescence times for ancient nodes in HBV phylogeny.
Genetic Diversity of HCV in Brazil
Authors: Lampe Elisabeth , Lewis-Ximenez Lia , Espírito-Santo Marcia P , Delvaux Nathália M , Pereira Sergio A , Peres-da-Silva Allan , Martins Regina MB , Soares Marcelo A , Santos André F , Vidal Luãnna L , Germano Fabiana N , De Martinez Ana Maria B , Basso Rossana , Pinho João R Rebello , Malta Fernanda M , Gomes-Gouvêa Michele , Moliterno Ricardo A , Bertolini Dennis A , Fujishima Mayara AT , Bello Gonzalo 
Published: June 2013

Background Many studies have documented the molecular epidemiological scenario of HCV within individual Brazilian states, but we still have an incomplete understanding of the dispersion dynamics of the virus in different regions throughout the country. Methods A total of 676 HCV NS5B gene sequences of subtypes 1a ( n=321), 1b ( n=170) and 3a ( n=185), isolated from seven different Brazilian states covering four out of five regions were analysed in the present study. We also analysed 22 HCV NS5B gene sequences of minor genetic variants including genotype 2 ( n=13), genotype 4 ( n=6) and subtype 5a ( n=3). Brazilian HCV sequences were aligned with sequences of non-Brazilian origin and subjected to maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses. Results These analyses revealed that the Brazilian HCV epidemic resulted from multiple introductions and autochthonous transmission of subtypes 1a, 1b, 3a and genotypes 2, 4 and 5. Brazilian HCV subtype 1a epidemic is dominated by the dissemination of one major clade; while Brazilian HCV subtypes 1b and 3a epidemics are characterized by concurrent dissemination of several independent HCV lineages. Some HCV Brazilian lineages of subtypes 1a, 1b, 2b and 3a were successful in becoming established and disseminated through several regions in the country. Despite significant phylogenetic intermixing of Brazilian sequences, the distribution of HCV strains from different states across lineages was not completely homogeneous. Conclusions These results demonstrate the existence of multiple introductions and local propagation of both prevalent and uncommon HCV genetic variants in Brazil and identify some major Brazilian HCV clades with nationwide dissemination. This study also suggests that the observed HCV diversity in Brazil has been shaped by both frequent viral migration among regions and in situ viral dissemination.
Acquired von Willebrand syndrome
Authors: Kasatkar P , Ghosh K , Shetty S 
Published: June 2013

Context:
Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AVWS) is a rare bleeding disorder that mimics the inherited form of von Willebrand disease (VWD) in terms of laboratory findings and clinical presentation.

Aims:
To study the etiology of acquired VWD.

Settings and Design:
The patients referred from various hospitals in and out of Mumbai were included in the study.

Materials and Methods:
Six patients with AVWS diagnosed at this center over the last 10 years were analyzed against 171 patients with inherited VWD. The differential diagnosis of AVWS was made based on reduced levels of von Willebrand antigen and von Willebrand ristocetin cofactor, decrease in ristocetin induced platelet aggregation, absence of correction in mixing studies with no prior history of bleeding problems and a negative family history for bleeding disorders.

Results:
In three patients, the disease was associated with systematic lupus erythematosus, out of which one was also associated with Kikuchi lymphadenitis and second with autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Fourth case was associated with hypothyroidism and fifth was a case of dermatitis and vitiligo. The last patient was a case of hemophilia A with Burkitts lymphoma, who developed autoantibodies to von Willebrand factor. Except two patients, all other patients responded to immune suppressive therapy with corticosteroids, while the patient with hypothyroidism responded to oral thyroxine.

Conclusion:
AVWS is a rare condition and may often be missed or diagnosed as inherited disease associated with heterogeneous disease conditions.
Arterial bicarbonate may be a useful indicator of inadequate cortisol response in children with catecholamine resistant septic shock
Authors: Maralihalli MB , Deshmukh CT 
Published: June 2013

Objective:
To study the clinical and biochemical parameters that can predict cortisol insufficiency in children with septic shock.

Design:
prospective, observational study.

Setting:
tertiary health-care center.

Patients/Subjects:
Fifty children admitted with the catecholamine resistant septic shock to a tertiary health-care center.

Materials and Methods:
At the time of hospitalization all patients underwent detailed clinical evaluation including, history and physical examination, evaluation with the complete blood count, serum cortisol, renal function tests, liver function tests, prothrombin time activated partial thromboplastin time, arterial blood gas analysis, urine analysis, chest roentgenogram, ultrasonography of the abdomen and chest, urine, and blood culture for bacteria and fungi.

Results:
Out of 50 children with the catecholamine resistant septic shock, seven had adrenal insufficiency (serum cortisol <18 μg/dl). Of all parameters studied, only arterial bicarbonate at the time of admission to intensive care predicted adrenal insufficiency. On Receptor operative characteristic curve analysis, a bicarbonate level of 10.9 mEq/L had the best accuracy to predict adrenal insufficiency.

Conclusion:
Arterial bicarbonate may be used as a rapid test for provisional identification of adrenal insufficiency among children with the catecholamine resistant septic shock.
Effect of Insertion and Removal of Tooth Supported Overdentures on Retention Strength and Fatigue Resistance of Two Commercially Available Attachment Systems
Authors: Guttal Satyabodh S , Nadiger Ramesh K , Abhichandani Sagar 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The main problem with semiprecision attachment retained prosthesis is that they need frequent servicing in terms of replacing the female component. There is a need for a study to assess the life span and frequency of replacement of elastic components in the attachment systems.

Aim
The aim of the study was to test the retention strength and fatigue resistance of Rhein OT cap and Ceka sagix attachment systems fabricated on the models.

Materials and methods
Rhein OT cap (micro) and Ceka sagix attachments were procured. Acrylic resin mandibular models fabricated with teeth embedded at overdenture positions. Bar framework with attachments were cast and cemented on the model. Denture fabricated on this model was subjected to universal testing machine (UTM Instron 5900 series) for retention and fatigue test. The retention strength was measured at various cycles namely 1,440, 2,880, 4,320 and 5,760 cycles to check for the loss of retention and development of fatigue on the basis of average number of removals and placements per day for 1,2,3 and 4 years, respectively. The values of both the attachment systems were recorded at the respective cycles and a graphical analysis was carried out representing the retention loss and development of fatigue.

Results
One-way ANOVA was used as part of the statistical analysis to compare the retention strength and fatigue resistance of both the attachment systems used. The results obtained proved that the retention values of both the attachment systems on tooth supported overdentures had a significant variation as they were subjected to increased number of cycles.

Conclusion
Sagix and Rhein attachment systems showed adequate retention values up to the first 2 to 3 years (2,880- 4,320 cycles). Fatigue test simulating 4 years of denture insertion and removal did cause subsequent reduction in the retention values but no component fracture of attachment systems.

How to cite this article
Guttal SS, Nadiger RK, Abhichandani S. Effect of Insertion and Removal of Tooth Supported Overdentures on Retention Strength and Fatigue Resistance of Two Commercially Available Attachment Systems. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(2):47-51.
Palatogingival Groove: A Cause for Periapical Infection
Authors: Chandra Anil , Bharti Ramesh , Tikku Aseem Prakash 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
The palatal groove is a developmental anomaly; when it is present in a tooth, it causes periodontal as well as endodontic problems. These grooves often present a challenge to the clinicians as diagnosing and treatment planning that requires an interdisciplinary treatment approach. This case report describes the successful collaborative management of a maxillary lateral incisor with an extensive palatal groove, using a combination of surgical endodontic therapy along with periodontal therapy.

How to cite this article
Bharti R, Chandra A, Tikku AP, Arya D. Palatogingival Groove: A Cause for Periapical Infection. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2012;2(2):61-65.