bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Cobalt Chloride and Silver Nitrate for Efficient Microspore Culture of Brassica rapa ssp.
Authors: Kabir Khandakar Md. Rayhanul , Kwon Soon-Wook , Park Yong-Jin 
Published: July 2013

The effects of ethylene antagonistic cobalt chloride and silver nitrate, on microspore embryogenesis were investigated using three different concentrations in the medium for three Korean cultivars (two non-heading and one heading) of Brassica rapa ssp. Inclusion of cobalt chloride (5 μM ) in the culture medium significantly improved embryo production in the non-heading cultivar (33 embryos/bud) with embryo yields being increased up to 32%. The addition of silver nitrate (0.1 mg/l) to the culture medium also showed a progressive increase in embryo yields in the non-heading cultivar (34 embryos/bud) with embryo yields being increased up to 36%. For the heading cultivars, the highest embryogenic response was 2.8 embryos/bud (Jo saeng Miho), following the addition of silver nitrate (0.1 mg/l) to the culture medium, whereas 2.4 embryos/bud were observed with the addition of 5 μM cobalt chloride to the culture medium.
Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23(1): 1-10, 2013 (June)
Les perspectives économiques en France pour le premier semestre 1957 d'après les chefs d'entreprises
Authors: Jankeliowitch R. 
Published: July 2013

Au début de novembre, les chefs d'entreprises formulaient pour le semestre à venir des prévisions optimistes, au moins sur l'évolution de la production et de l'emploi.
Leurs perspectives paraissaient défavorables pour les exportations. L'insuffisance de la main-d'œuvre restait leur principal souci, et ils craignaient souvent de la voir s'aggraver encore. Une hausse modérée des prix était très généralement prévue.
Les événements du Moyen-Orient ont altéré ces perspectives, mais beaucoup moins lorsque les industriels envisagent leur propre activité que lorsqu'ils se réfèrent à l'ensemble de l'économie française.
Les investissements dans les entreprises privées de l'industrie et du commerce
Authors: Lévêque P. 
Published: July 2013

Le mouvement d'expansion des investissements, déjà constaté en 1954 et en 1955 s'est poursuivi en 1956 à une échelle encore plus importante. Pour 1957 la prévision est encore à l'expansion mais à un rythme moins important, encore que les chefs d'entreprises soient généralement «prudents » dans l'expression de leurs prévisions.
Les investissements en matériel et outillage dans l'industrie, en installations et constructions dans le commerce viennent toujours en tête des investissements par nature.
Le mode de financement largement majoritaire est toujours l'appel aux ressources propres. Légère régression de l'appel aux crédits bancaires. Net recul de l'appel au marché financier.
Les retards de livraison des fournisseurs sont fréquemment évoqués comme difficulté rencontrée dans la mise en place des investissements.
Les travailleurs musulmans d'Algérie dans la métropole
Authors: Smolski T. 
Published: July 2013

L'effectif global des musulmans d'Algérie établis en France est assez mal connu, les différentes évaluations qui en ont été faites paraissant inférieures à la réalité. Cet effectif doit être actuellement assez voisin de 300.000 personnes.
Seuls sont exactement relevés les mouvements de la main-d'œuvre musulmane entre l'Algérie et la France. Les départs d'Algérie obéissaient jusqu'au début de l'année 1956 à des rythmes bien déterminés : tendance croissante au cours des dix dernières années, variations saisonnières bien établies, variations d'ordre conjoncturel et paraissant liées à celles de l'activité de l'emploi en France, accessoirement, influence du rendement des récoltes. Ces rythmes se sont trouvés complètement bouleversés en 1956 par les événements politiques.
La population non originaire des territoires d'outre-mer français.
Authors: Grenier René 
Published: July 2013

Si, dans l'ensemble de la population des territoires d'outre-mer, l'élément non originaire a une faible importance, il s'est, depuis les dernières années, notablement accru. Profitant de l'amélioration des conditions de vie : habitat, hygiène, santé, circulation, enseignement, la population non autochtone dépasse 200.000 personnes en 1951.
L'Afrique Noire a été de beaucoup la principale bénéficiaire de cette expansion ultra-marine. Celle-ci, en majorité française, se caractérise par une prédominance d'adultes — du sexe masculin — célibataires — exerçant des activités tertiaires.
Les investissements industriels en Allemagne occidentale
Authors: Sebastiani Charles 
Published: July 2013

A la veille de la réforme monétaire de 1948, la situation économique de l'actuelle République fédérale était précaire. Une très grande partie du potentiel de production était détruite ou diminuée par les démontages. En juin 1948, la production industrielle atteignait à peine la moitié de celle de 1936.
La réforme monétaire a permis des investissements considérables et a été à l'origine d'une rapide expansion de la production et de l'accroissement de l'emploi. De juin 1948 à la fin de 1956, les investissements d'équipement bruts de l'industrie ont atteint 68 milliards de DM (5.665 milliards de francs). Le pourcentage du produit national consacré aux investissements a été constamment supérieur à celui de la première guerre mondiale ou de l'entre deux guerres.
En 1956, la production industrielle a plus que doublé par rapport à l'avant-guerre et les exportations de l'industrie sont passées de 6,7 milliards de DM en 1950, à 26,4 milliards.
Single‐copy nuclear gene primers for Streptanthus and other Brassicaceae from genomic scans, published data, and ESTs
Authors: Cacho N. Ivalú , Strauss Sharon Y. 
Published: July 2013

• Premise of the study: We report 11 primer sets for nine single‐copy nuclear genes in Streptanthus and other Thelypodieae (Brassicaceae) and their utility at tribal‐level and species‐level phylogenetics in this poorly resolved group.• Methods and Results: We selected regions based on a cross‐referenced matrix of previous studies and public Brassica expressed sequence tags. To design primers, we used alignments of low‐depth‐coverage Illumina sequencing of genomic DNA for two species of Brassica mapped onto Arabidopsis thaliana. We report several primer combinations for five regions that consistently amplified a single band and yielded high‐quality sequences for at least 70% of the species assayed, and for four additional regions whose utility might be clade specific.• Conclusions: Our primers will be useful in improving resolution at shallow depths across the Thelypodieae, and likely in other Brassicaceae.
Identification and characterization of microsatellites from calafate (Berberis microphylla, Berberidaceae)
Authors: Varas Benjamín , Castro María H. , Rodriguez Roberto , von Baer Dietrich , Mardones Claudia , Hinrichsen Patricio 
Published: July 2013

• Premise of the study: Southern barberry or calafate (Berberis microphylla) is a shrub species endemic to the Patagonian region of South America that is used for human consumption. The fruit is very rich in vitamin C and anthocyanins and has a very high antioxidant capacity. There have been only a few genetic studies of this and other closely related species.• Methods and Results: Here we present the first 18 microsatellite markers of B. microphylla that were characterized using 66 accessions of calafate from Patagonia. On average, they had 7.6 alleles per marker, with an expected heterozygosity of 0.688. The informativeness of these markers was also evaluated in another 15 Berberis species, including most of the native and endemic Chilean species.• Conclusions: The results confirm that these new simple sequence repeat markers are very polymorphic and potentially useful in genetic studies in any species of the genus Berberis.
Enhancement of photoacoustic detection of inhomogeneities in polymers
Authors: Grondona P. , Di Rocco H. O. , Iriarte D. I. , Pomarico J. A. , Ranea-Sandoval Héctor F. , Bilmes G. M. 
Published: July 2013

We report a series of experiments on laser pulsed photoacoustic excitationin turbid polymer samples addressed to evaluate the sound speed in the samples and the presence of inhomogeneities in the bulk. We describe a system which allows the direct measurement of the speed of the detected waves by engraving the surface of the piece under study with a fiduciary pattern of black lines..We also describe how this pattern helps to enhance the sensitivity for the detection of an inhomogeneity in the bulk. These two facts are useful for studies in soft matter systems including, perhaps, biological samples. We have performed an experimental analysis on Grilon® samples in different situations and we show the limitations of the method. Received: 7 December 2012, Accepted: 19 June 2013; Reviewed by: V. Lakshminarayanan, Waterloo University, Canada; Edited by: J. J. Niemela; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.050005Cite as: P. Grondona,	H. O. Di Rocco,	D. I. Iriarte,	J. A. Pomarico,	H. F. Ranea-Sandoval, G. M. Bilmes, Papers in Physics 5, 050005 (2013)
Notional Defined Contribution (NDC) Pension Schemes and Income Patterns
Authors: Nisticò Sergio , Bevilacqua Mirko 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
During the 1990s, some important European countries, particularly Italy and Sweden, have radically transformed their public pension system by adopting defined-contribution rules while retaining a pay-as-you-go financial architecture. This paper inquires into the theoretical properties of these “Notional Defined Contribution” pension schemes in order to identify the determinants of the replacement rates awarded to individuals with different income patterns. Three typical career patterns are taken into consideration, according to whether the individual wage growth is equal to, higher than, or lower than average wage growth. The impact of, and the possible remedies to, a possible discontinuity on the replacement rates is finally discussed by means of a sensitivity analysis of the replacement rates with respect to the career length (for a given retirement age), the retirement age, and the conventional rate of return credited on all individual accounts.
Relationship between Socioeconomic Deprivation or Urban/Rural Residence and Visual Acuity before Cataract Surgery in Northern Scotland
Authors: Chua Paul Y. , Mustafa Mohammed S. , Scott Neil W. , Kumarasamy Manjula , Azuara-Blanco Augusto 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To evaluate the influence of socioeconomic factors on visual acuity before cataract surgery. Methods The medical case notes of 240 consecutive patients listed for cataract surgery from January 1, 2010, at Grampian University Hospital, Aberdeen, were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with ocular comorbidity were excluded. Demographics, postal codes, and visual acuity were recorded. Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation was used to determine the deprivation rank. Home location was classified as urban or rural. The effect of these parameters on preoperative visual acuity was investigated using chi-square tests or Fisher exact test as appropriate. Results A total of 184 patients (mean 75 years) were included. A total of 127 (69%) patients had visual acuity of 6/12 or better. An association was found between affluence and preoperative visual acuity of 6/12 or better (χ2trend = 4.97, p = 0.03), with a significant rising trend across quintile of deprivation. There was no evidence to suggest association between geographical region and preoperative visual acuity (p = 0.63). Conclusions Affluence was associated with good visual acuity (6/12 or better) before cataract surgery. There was no difference in preoperative visual acuity between rural and urban populations.
Effect of Timolol on Central Corneal Thickness
Authors: Grueb Matthias , Rohrbach Jens Martin 
Published: July 2013

Purpose Timolol is an effective and safe medication that is widely used in glaucoma treatment. Although it is known that it is quickly taken up by the cornea following topical administration and that the cornea exhibits β-adrenergic receptors, there are few studies available on the clinical impact of timolol on central corneal thickness (CCT). Methods Twenty healthy subjects were tested in a double-blind, prospective, and randomized study. Intraocular pressure (IOP) and CCT were measured before and during administration of timolol 0.5% eyedrops over 28 days. Results Administration of timolol 0.5% resulted in a reduction of IOP from an initial value of 16 ± 2 mm Hg to 13 ± 0 mm Hg (p<0.001, R2 = 0.7033) as well as an increase in CCT from 555 ± 11 μm from the time of the baseline examination to 567 ± 9 μm (p = 0.005, R2 = 0.8754), an increase of epithelial thickness from 53 ± 2 μm to 59 ± 3 μm (p<0.001, R2 = 0.5063), and an increase of stromal thickness from 494 ± 4 μm to 498 ± 9 μm (p = 0.045, R2 = 0.4352) after 9 days each. From day 10 on, a decrease in CCT (R2 = 0.6164), epithelial thickness (R2 = 0.2216), and stromal thickness (R2 = 0.2092) was observed. At the end, the values had returned toward the initial values measured (CCT 553 ± 8 μm, p = 0.391; epithelial thickness, 50 ± 2 μm, p = 0.214; and stromal thickness, 493 ± 8 μm, p = 0.483). In contrast, endothelial thickness did not vary following administration of timolol 0.5% (p = 0.727, R2 = 0.009). Conclusions Topical administration of timolol 0.5% results in a reversible increase in CCT. These modest changes are unlikely to influence tonometry or clinical decision-making.
Influence of Biometric Parameters on Rotational Stability of Toric IOLs
Authors: Klamann Matthias K.J. , Von Sonnleithner Christoph , Gonnermann Johannes , Maier Anna-Karina B. , Torun Necip , Bertelmann Eckart 
Published: July 2013

Purpose The aim of the study was to determine the influence of axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) on the rotational stability of a toric intraocular lens (IOL). Methods In this retrospective study, 40 eyes of 40 patients were included. All patients underwent phacoemulsification and had AcrySof toric IOL implantations. The AL and the ACD (epithelium to lens) were measured using optical coherence biometry. Cornea astigmatism was determined by topography. Rotational stability was measured 1 day, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 3 months postoperatively. Results The mean AL and ACD were 23.91 ± 1.51 and 2.91 ± 0.37 mm. The medial rotation was 2.47 ± 22.7, 2.92 ± 2.93, 2.56 ± 2.07, and 2.37 ± 2.29 degrees from baseline at 1 day, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 3 months, respectively. No correlation occurred between AL and ACD and IOL rotation at any time. Conclusions Biometric parameters may not influence the rotational stability of this type of acrylic posterior chamber toric IOL in the short term.
Fluorescein Angiography–Based Diagnosis for Retinopathy of Prematurity: Expert-non Expert Comparison
Authors: Guagliano Rosanna , Barillà Donatella , Bertone Chiara , Maffia Anna , Periti Francesca , Spallone Laura , Anselmetti Giovanni , Giacosa Elisabetta , Stronati Mauro , Tinelli Carmine , Bianchi Paolo Emilio 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To evaluate accuracy and inter-rater reliability of RetCam fundus images and digital camera fluorangioscopic images in acute retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) by comparing diagnoses given by trainee ophthalmologists with those provided by expert ophthalmologists. Methods This is a multicenter retrospective observational study of diagnostic data from 48 eyes of 24 premature infants with classical ROP, stage II, as evaluated by RetCam 3 and fluorescein angiography (FA). Average gestational age was 25.4 weeks, average weight 804.7 g. A staging grid (with ocular fundus divided into 3 concentric zones) and 24 15° sectors centered around the optic papilla were superimposed on 360° retina photomontages (Photoshop) made from RetCam and FA images. Non expert vs expert diagnosis agreement was measured for each sector by means of Cohen kappa (Fleiss, 1981). Results A high degree of concordance was found. Inter-rater agreement between expert and non expert interpretations of retinal photomontages was greater for fluorangiographic images than for RetCam images, with κ = 0.61–1 for 120/152 (78.9%) sectors examined on the RetCam images and κ = 0.61–1 for 168/198 (84.8%) sectors examined on the FA images. Conclusions The FA images appear to be easier to interpret than RetCam images, both by expert and non expert ophthalmologists. The results confirm that FA is a good examination technique with a high degree of reliability, even where trainee practitioners are involved. This suggests that retinopathy management can be improved by entrusting diagnostic responsibilities to trainee ophthalmologists, in order to extend access to correct diagnosis, recognition of threshold lesions, and prompt treatment.
Evaluation of the Tightness of Contact between Limbal Sclera Tunnel and Tube following Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation
Authors: Holló Gábor , Naghizadeh Farzaneh 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To investigate whether the tightness of contact between the tube and the limbal sclera tunnel can be evaluated with high-magnification anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging following Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation. Methods Tightness between the tube and the limbal sclera tunnel was investigated with the CAM-L cornea lens adapter of the Optovue Fourier-domain OCT (RTVue-OCT) for 21 uncomplicated Ahmed glaucoma valves implanted in 20 eyes of 19 patients with glaucoma. Nineteen valves were implanted 4 to 124 months earlier (late postoperative cases) and 2 valves 1 day prior to the imaging (early postoperative cases). All valves were introduced into the anterior chamber via a limbal sclera tunnel. Results The limbal intratunnel part of the tube was successfully imaged in all but 2 cases where an additional full-thickness sclera patch was used. In 14 cases, the contact was tight without tube compression. In 5 cases, the tube was partially compressed but remained open in the limbal sclera tunnel, and redilated behind the limbus. No case with loose contact or peritubular filtration was seen. The posterior run of the tube was successfully imaged in all 19 cases without a full-thickness sclera patch. Conclusions High-magnification imaging with the CAM- L anterior segment adapter of the RTVue-OCT allows detailed examination of the limbal insertion area of tubes in both the early and late postoperative periods. Therefore this method may potentially be applied for detection of complications related to tube insertion after glaucoma drainage device surgery.
High-dose (2.0 mg) Intravitreal Ranibizumab for Recalcitrant Radiation Retinopathy
Authors: Finger Paul T. , Chin Kimberly J. 
Published: July 2013

Purpose To evaluate the safety and tolerability and treatment efficacy of high-dose (2.0 mg) intravitreal ranibizumab for recalcitrant radiation retinopathy. Methods A phase I to II open-label, nonrandomized prospective clinical trial was performed on 10 eyes of 10 patients with recalcitrant radiation retinopathy who were failing standard dose anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy. External beam or plaque brachytherapy–associated retinopathy was characterized by persistent macular edema or leakage on optical coherence tomography or fluorescein angiography. Intravitreal 2.0 mg ranibizumab was given monthly up to 12 months and monitored for tolerability and change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central foveal thickness, and clinical signs of radiation retinopathy. Results Seven patients completed the 1-year study and received all 12 injections; 3 withdrew from the study due to worsening retinopathy (1 after external beam, 2 following plaque). Treatment was well-tolerated with no severe adverse reactions. A total of 70% had stable (n = 3) or improved (n = 4) BCVA. Mean change in BCVA was +3.3 letters at 6 months and +0.7 letters at 1 year. Mean improvement in central foveal thickness (CFT) was −19.3% (range −57 to +15%) at 1 year. Initial mean CFT was 428 μm (range 192–776); final mean CFT was 333 μm (range 190–532). A total of 80% demonstrated a statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction in CFT. Conclusions Regardless of radiation source, intravitreal injections of 2.0 ranibizumab induced significant reductions in macular edema and maintained or improved BCVA in most patients who were failing standard dose anti-VEGF therapy.
Real‐Time Noninvasive Monitoring of In Vivo Inflammatory Responses using a pH Ratiometric Fluorescence Imaging Probe
Authors: Tsai Yi‐Ting , Zhou Jun , Weng Hong , Shen Jinhui , Tang Liping , Hu Wen‐Jing 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIt is often difficult to continuously monitor and quantify inflammatory responses in vivo. These dynamic responses however are often accompanied by specific pH changes. A new ratiometric optical pH probe is developed by combining pH‐sensitive (CypHer5E) and pH‐insensitive (Oyster800) fluorescent dyes into nanoparticles for in vivo optical imaging. By taking the ratio of fluorescence intensities at different wavelengths, these nanosized sensors provide excellent measurement capabilities, and unique mapping, of the continuous in vivo pH changes for three different inflammation models. In each model a strong positive correlation is found between ratiometric pH changes and the corresponding inflammatory response measured by histological analyses. These results indicate that ratiometric imaging can provide a noninvasive, rapid, and highly sensitive optical readout for the pH‐ratio changes in vivo. Furthermore this technique may be used to monitor the real‐time dynamics of inflammatory processes.
Combinatorial Biomatrix/Cell‐Based Therapies for Restoration of Host Tissue Architecture and Function
Authors: Cantu David Antonio , Kao W. John 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis Progress Report reviews recent advances in the utility of extracellular matrix (ECM)‐mimic biomaterials in presenting and delivering therapeutic cells to promote tissue healing. This overview gives a brief introduction of different cell types being used in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering while addressing critical issues that must be overcome before cell‐based approaches can be routinely employed in the clinic. A selection of five commonly used cell‐associated, biomaterial platforms (collagen, hyaluronic acid, fibrin, alginate, and poly(ethylene glycol)) are reviewed for treatment of a number of acute injury or diseases with emphasis on animal models and clinical trials. This article concludes with current challenges and future perspectives regarding foreign body host response to biomaterials and immunological reactions to allogeneic or xenogeneic cells, vascularization and angiogenesis, matching mechanical strength and anisotropy of native tissues, as well as other non‐technical issues regarding the clinical translation of biomatrix/cell‐based therapies.
Advanced Energy‐Storage Architectures Composed of Spinel Lithium Metal Oxide Nanocrystal on Carbon Textiles
Authors: Shen Laifa , Ding Bing , Nie Ping , Cao Guozhong , Zhang Xiaogang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCurrent battery technologies are known to suffer from kinetic problems associated with the solid‐state diffusion of Li+ in intercalation electrodes materials. Not only the use of nanostructure materials but also the design of electrode architectures can lead to more advanced properties. Here, advanced electrode architectures consisting of carbon textiles conformally covered by Li4Ti5O12 nanocrystal are rationally designed and synthesized for lithium ion batteries. The efficient two‐step synthesis involves the growth of ultrathin TiO2 nanosheets on carbon textiles, and subsequent conversion into spinel Li4Ti5O12 through chemical lithiation. Importantly, this novel approach is simple and general, and it is used to successfully produce LiMn2O4/carbon composites textiles, one of the leading cathode materials for lithium ion batteries. The resulting 3D textile electrode, with various advantages including the direct electronic pathway to current collector, the easy access of electrolyte ions, the reduced Li+/e− diffusion length, delivers excellent rate capability and good cyclic stability over the Li‐ion batteries of conventional configurations.