bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Length of activity season drives geographic variation in body size of a widely distributed lizard
Authors: Horváthová Terézia , Cooney Christopher R. , Fitze Patrick S. , Oksanen Tuula A. , Jelić Dušan , Ghira Ioan , Uller Tobias , Jandzik David 
Published: June 2013

AbstractUnderstanding the factors that drive geographic variation in life history is an important challenge in evolutionary ecology. Here, we analyze what predicts geographic variation in life‐history traits of the common lizard,Zootoca vivipara, which has the globally largest distribution range of all terrestrial reptile species. Variation in body size was predicted by differences in the length of activity season, while we found no effects of environmental temperature per se. Females experiencing relatively short activity season mature at a larger size and remain larger on average than females in populations with relatively long activity seasons. Interpopulation variation in fecundity was largely explained by mean body size of females and reproductive mode, with viviparous populations having larger clutch size than oviparous populations. Finally, body size‐fecundity relationship differs between viviparous and oviparous populations, with relatively lower reproductive investment for a given body size in oviparous populations. While the phylogenetic signal was weak overall, the patterns of variation showed spatial effects, perhaps reflecting genetic divergence or geographic variation in additional biotic and abiotic factors. Our findings emphasize that time constraints imposed by the environment rather than ambient temperature play a major role in shaping life histories in the common lizard. This might be attributed to the fact that lizards can attain their preferred body temperature via behavioral thermoregulation across different thermal environments. Length of activity season, defining the maximum time available for lizards to maintain optimal performance, is thus the main environmental factor constraining growth rate and annual rates of mortality. Our results suggest that this factor may partly explain variation in the extent to which different taxa follow ecogeographic rules.
Systematic Modulation of Hydrogen Bond Donors in Aminoazobenzene Derivatives Provides Further Evidence for the Concerted Inversion Photoisomerization Pathway
Authors: Bandara H. M. Dhammika , Basa Prem N. , Yan Jingjing , Camire Casey E. , MacDonald John C. , Jackson Randy K. , Burdette Shawn C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA series of aminoazobenzene derivatives structurally related to AzoAMP‐1 have been prepared and characterized by using a variety of analytical techniques. AzoAMP‐1 is based on 2,2′‐diaminoazobenzene with N‐methylpyridine groups. The new derivatives all contain a hydrogen bond between the aniline hydrogen atom and the azo group, as well as a separate pendant functional group that could contribute an additional hydrogen‐bond acceptor to an intramolecular network. A combination of photoisomerization studies and NMR spectroscopic and X‐ray crystallographic investigations suggest that AzoAMP‐1 possesses a unique structure that prevents isomerization through the concerted inversion pathway, which cannot be reproduced with other types or arrangements of substituents. Only AzoAMQ, which contains a similar quinolone heterocycle in place of the pyridine group of AzoAMP‐1, displayed somewhat similar photochemistry.
The Facile and Direct Formylation of Organoboron Aromatic Compounds with Benzodithiolylium Tetrafluoroborate
Authors: Petruzziello Diego , Gualandi Andrea , Giaffar Hamza , Lopez‐Carrillo Veronica , Cozzi Pier Giorgio 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOrganoboron compounds can be used to effect a direct formylation in the absence of transition metals. We report that the direct reaction between boronic derivatives and benzodithiolylium tetrafluoroborate, a commercially available carbenium ionic compound, is possible and provides access to many interesting compounds without the use of transition metals. The direct reaction of the carbenium ion with boronic derivatives results in the formation of substituted arylcarbenium ions, a number of which can be further utilized in materials chemistry or for the direct transformation into other compounds. In addition to the rich chameleonic chemical nature of the benzodithiol intermediate, such species can also undergo a metallation reaction and subsequent treatment with a wide range of electrophiles to access a variety of functional groups (aldehyde, ketone, acid, and alkyl groups).
Direct Modification of a Glassy Carbon Electrode with Toluidine Blue Diazonium Salt: Application to NADH Determination and Biosensing of Ethanol
Authors: Nasri Zahra , Shams Esmaeil , Ahmadi Mohsen 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe describe here the covalent modification of a glassy carbon electrode with toluidine blue (TB) diazonium salt, which is generated in situ from the reaction between the aromatic amino phenyl group of TB and sodium nitrite. TB is attached directly to the electrode surface without any cross‐linking agent or complex matrices. The resulting TB films exhibit excellent electrocatalytic behavior toward NADH oxidation. Low potential detection of NADH is performed at 0.15 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Furthermore, an ethanol biosensor is developed using the TB modified electrode and alcohol dehydrogenase. The great stability and reusability, excellent electrochemical reversibility, technically simple preparation and short preparation time make this method suitable for low‐cost bioelectronical devices.
Out‐of‐plane behaviour of a full scale stone masonry façade. Part 2: shaking table tests
Authors: Costa Alexandre A. , Arêde António , Costa Alfredo Campos , Penna Andrea , Costa Aníbal 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThe present work describes a shaking table experimental campaign specifically developed for the characterisation of the out‐of‐plane response of a full scale stone masonry façade. After the description of the specimen and the selection of the input motion presented in a companion paper (Part 1), the experimental campaign is illustrated and extensively described. The out‐of‐plane behaviour of the sacco masonry façade is presented in terms of displacements, velocities, and accelerations recorded during the shaking table tests. A one‐sided rocking response of the façade was observed prior to collapse. The impacts were clearly identified in the acceleration records. The façade overturning occurred with the expected failure mode, as predicted in the design of the test.Finally, some conclusions are drawn regarding the observed behaviour and particular features of this type of stone masonry constructions, which may influence the global behaviour of the façade. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate‐based and tannin‐boron‐based formulations as fire retardant for wood structures
Authors: Tondi G. , Haurie L. , Wieland S. , Petutschnigg A. , Lacasta A. , Monton J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTBoron‐based formulations are used to improve the service life of timber. On the one hand, boron‐treated wood increases resistance to biological attacks (e.g. by fungi and insects), and on the other hand, it renders wood more resistant to burning. In the present study, we analyse the fire behaviour of some water‐borne formulations containing boron. A completely inorganic formulation (disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT)) is compared with new‐generation tannin‐based wood preservatives in which the flavonoid network is used to fix the boron to wood. The study of the fire behaviour was carried out according to four specific fire tests: (i) dripping; (ii) short‐term exposure; (iii) long‐term exposure and (iv) the limiting oxygen index. The Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) specimens treated with DOT have shown a complete efficacy against fire after all tests were completed. It should also be noted that very positive results have also been achieved by the tannin‐based solutions. DOT has to be preferred when high performance is required, but exclusively for interior applications. The use of tannin‐based formulations can be suitable for outdoor fire protection and also for indoor applications when specific aesthetic requirements should be fulfilled. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of particle‐laden flows by the residual‐based variational multiscale method
Authors: Guerra Gabriel M. , Zio Souleymane , Camata Jose J. , Rochinha Fernando A. , Elias Renato N. , Paraizo Paulo L.B. , Coutinho Alvaro L.G.A. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYWe present a finite element residual‐based variational multiscale formulation applied to the numerical simulation of particle‐laden flows. We employ a Eulerian–Eulerian framework to describe the flows in which the mathematical model results from the incompressible Navier–Stokes equation combined with an advection–diffusion transport equation. Special boundary conditions at the bottom are introduced to take into account sediments deposition. Computational experiments are organized in two examples. The first example deals with the well‐known gravity current benchmark, the lock‐exchange configuration. The second also employs for the current initiation the lock configuration, but the sediment particles are endowed with a deposition velocity and are allowed to leave the domain in the moment they reach the bottom. This is intended to mimic, partially, as the bed morphology is not allowed to change, the deposition process, in which sediment deposits are no longer carried by the flow. The spatial pattern of the deposition and its correlation with flow structures are the main focus of this analysis. Numerical experiments have shown that the present formulation captures most of the relevant turbulent flow features with reasonable accuracy, when compared with highly resolved numerical simulations and experimental data. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
3‐D stimulated emission depletion microscopy with programmable aberration correction
Authors: Lenz Martin O. , Sinclair Hugo G. , Savell Alexander , Clegg James H. , Brown Alice C. N. , Davis Daniel M. , Dunsby Chris , Neil Mark A. A. , French Paul M. W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe present a stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope that provides 3‐D super resolution by simultaneous depletion using beams with both a helical phase profile for enhanced lateral resolution and an annular phase profile to enhance axial resolution. The 3‐D depletion point spread function is realised using a single spatial light modulator that can also be programmed to compensate for aberrations in the microscope and the sample. We apply it to demonstrate the first 3‐D super‐resolved imaging of an immunological synapse between a Natural Killer cell and its target cell. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Plasma Choline, Nicotine Exposure, and Risk of Low Bone Mineral Density and Hip Fracture: The Hordaland Health Study
Authors: Øyen Jannike , Nygård Ottar Kjell , Gjesdal Clara Gram , Ueland Per Magne , Apalset Ellen Margrete , Schartum-Hansen Hall , Vollset Stein Emil , Meyer Klaus , Tell Grethe S 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Choline, obtained from diet and formed by biosynthesis, is the immediate precursor of betaine. Animal studies suggest an impact of choline on bone metabolism. We examined the associations of plasma choline and betaine with bone mineral density (BMD), the risk of hip fractures, and possible effect-modification by nicotine exposure. The Hordaland Health Study (1998 to 2000) included 7074 women and men (ages 46 to 49 or 71 to 74 years). In 5315, BMD was measured. The oldest (n = 3311) were followed for hip fractures through 2009. Risk associations were studied by logistic and Cox regression by comparing the lowest and middle tertiles with the highest, as well as trends across tertiles of plasma choline and betaine. In analyses adjusted for sex and age, participants in the lowest (odds ratio [OR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.69–2.37) and middle (OR = 1.39, CI 1.17–1.66) tertiles of plasma choline had an increased risk of low BMD (lowest quintile) (p trend &lt; 0.001). Separate analyses for sex and age groups revealed the strongest relations in elderly women (lowest tertile: OR = 2.84, CI 1.95–4.14; middle tertile: OR = 1.80, CI 1.22–2.67, p trend &lt; 0.001), and highest OR among those in the lowest tertile who were exposed to nicotine (OR = 4.56, CI 1.87–11.11). Low plasma choline was also associated with an increased risk of hip fracture in elderly women and men (lowest tertile: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.45, CI 1.08–1.94; middle tertile: HR = 1.13, CI 0.83–1.54, p trend = 0.012). In elderly women, the HR for hip fracture was 1.90 (CI 1.32–2.73) and 1.36 (CI 0.92–1.99) (p trend &lt; 0.001) for lowest and middle tertiles of choline, and the highest HR was found among women in the lowest tertile exposed to nicotine (HR = 2.68, CI 1.16–6.19). Plasma betaine was not related to BMD or hip fracture. Low plasma choline was associated with low BMD in both sexes and increased the risk of hip fracture in elderly women. These results should motivate further studies on choline, nicotine exposure, and bone metabolism. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
TBK1 Mediates Critical Effects of Measles Virus Nucleocapsid Protein (MVNP) on Pagetic Osteoclast Formation
Authors: Sun Quanhong , Sammut Bénédicte , Wang Feng-Ming , Kurihara Noriyoshi , Windle Jolene J , Roodman G David , Galson Deborah L 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is characterized by abnormal osteoclasts with unique characteristics that include increased sensitivity of osteoclast progenitors to 1,25(OH)2D3, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), and TNF-α; increased osteoclast numbers; and increased expression of IL-6 and several transcription factors. We recently reported that measles virus nucleocapsid protein (MVNP) plays a key role in the development of these abnormal osteoclasts. MVNP can induce the pagetic osteoclast phenotype in vitro and in vivo in TRAP-MVNP transgenic mice. However, the molecular mechanisms by which MVNP generates pagetic osteoclasts have not been determined. TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IκB kinase-ϵ (IKKϵ) are IKK family members that complex with MVNP and activate both IRF3 and NF-κB pathways. MVNP increases the amount of TBK1 protein in bone marrow monocytes (BMM). Interestingly, we found that RANKL increased TBK1 and IKKϵ early in osteoclast differentiation, suggesting a possible role in normal osteoclastogenesis. However, only TBK1 is further increased in osteoclasts formed by TRAP-MVNP BMM owing to increased TBK1 protein stability. TBK1 overexpression induced IL6 promoter reporter activity, and elevated endogenous IL6 mRNA and p65 NF-κB, TAF12, and ATF7 proteins in several cell lines. Overexpression of TBK1 was insufficient to induce pagetic osteoclasts from WT BMM but synergized with MVNP to increase pagetic osteoclast formation from TRAP-MVNP BMM. BX795 inhibition of TBK1 impaired MVNP-induced IL-6 expression in both NIH3T3 cells and BMM, and shRNA knockdown of Tbk1 in NIH3T3 cells impaired IL-6 secretion induced by MVNP and decreased TAF12 and ATF7, factors involved in 1,25(OH)2D3 hypersensitivity of pagetic osteoclasts. Similarly, Tbk1 knockdown in BMM from TRAP-MVNP and WT mice specifically impaired development of the MVNP-induced osteoclast pagetic phenotype. These results demonstrate that TBK1 plays a critical role in mediating the effects of MVNP on osteoclast differentiation and on the expression of IL-6, a key contributor to the pagetic osteoclast phenotype. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Autophagy stimulates apoptosis in HER2‐overexpressing breast cancers treated by lapatinib
Authors: Zhu Xingmei , Wu Lin , Qiao Hongyu , Han Tenglong , Chen Suning , Liu Xueying , Jiang Ru , Wei Yifang , Feng Dayun , Zhang Yuan , Ma Yongzheng , Zhang Shengyong , Zhang Jian 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTHER2‐overexpressing breast cancers often show hyperactivation of the HER2/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Lapatinib is an oral dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that targets both EGFR and HER2 to inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells. However, it is obscure whether and how lapatinib could induce autophagy in breast cancer cells, an important cell response with drug treatment. In this study, we investigated the apoptosis and the autophagy in the HER2‐overexpressing breast cancer cells BT474 and AU565 treated with lapatinib, and further examined their relationship. Lapatinib inhibited the proliferation and the rate of DNA synthesis in HER2‐positive cells, as observed by MTT, colony formation and EDU assays. Lapatinib not only induced apoptosis accompanied by an increased expression of cleaved Caspase‐3 and cleaved PARP, but it also induced autophagy in vitro, as confirmed by electron microscopy (EM), acridine orange (AO) staining and LC3‐II expression. Meanwhile, lapatinib inhibited the phosphorylation of HER2, AKT, mTOR, and p70S6K, whereas that of AMPK was activated. When the cells were pre‐incubated with 3‐Methyladenine (3‐MA), the specific autophagy inhibitor, the growth inhibitory ratio and apoptosis rate were frustrated, whereas colony formation and DNA synthesis ability were encouraged. In addition, 3‐MA application could up‐regulate Caspase‐3 and PARP expression, compared with the treatment with lapatinib alone. The addition of 3‐MA could attenuate the inhibitory role on HER2/AKT/mTOR pathway and the active role on AMPK that was raised by lapatinib. Therefore, lapatinib simultaneously induced both apoptosis and autophagy in the BT474 and AU565 cells, and in these settings, autophagy facilitates apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 2643–2653, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Upregulation of extrinsic apoptotic pathway in curcumin‐mediated antiproliferative effect on human pancreatic carcinogenesis
Authors: Youns Mahmoud , Fathy Gihan Mahmoud 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTPancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal human cancers, with almost identical incidence and mortality rates. Curcumin, derived from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, has a long history of use as coloring agent and for a wide variety of disorders. Here, the antiproliferative activity of curcumin and its modulatory effect on gene expression of pancreatic cancer cell lines were investigated. The effect of curcumin on cellular proliferation and viability was monitored by sulphurhodamine B assay. Apoptotic effect was evaluated by flow cytometry and further confirmed by measuring amount of cytoplasmic histone‐associated DNA fragments. Analysis of gene expression was performed with and without curcumin treatment using microarray expression profiling techniques. Array results were confirmed by real‐time PCR. ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) has been used to classify the list of differentially expressed genes and to indentify common biomarkergenes modulating the chemopreventive effect of curcumin. Results showed that curcumin induces growth arrest and apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Its effect was more obvious on the highly COX‐2 expressing cell line. Additionally, the expression of 366 and 356 cancer‐related genes, involved in regulation of apoptosis, cell cycle, metastasis, was significantly altered after curcumin treatment in BxPC‐3 and MiaPaCa‐2 cells, respectively. Our results suggested that up‐regulation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway was among signaling pathways modulating the growth inhibitory effects of curcumin on pancreatic cancer cells. Curcumin effect was mediated through activation of TNFR, CASP 8, CASP3, BID, BAX, and down‐regulation of NFκB, NDRG 1, and BCL2L10 genes. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 2654–2665, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MicroRNA‐212 inhibits proliferation of gastric cancer by directly repressing retinoblastoma binding protein 2
Authors: Jiping Zeng , Ming Fang , Lixiang Wang , Xiuming Liang , Yuqun Shen , Han Yu , Zhifang Liu , Yundong Sun , Shili Liu , Chunyan Chen , Jihui Jia 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTRetinoblastoma binding protein 2 (RBP2), a newly found histone demethylase, is overexpressed in gastric cancer. We examined the upstream regulatory mechanism of RBP2 at the microRNA (miRNA) level and the role in gastric carcinogenesis. We used bioinformatics to predict that microRNA‐212 (miR‐212) might be a direct upstream regulator of RBP2 and verified the regulation in gastric epithelial‐derived cell lines. Overexpression of miR‐212 significantly inhibited the expression levels of RBP2, whereas knockdown of miR‐212 promoted RBP2 expression. Furthermore, we identified the putative miR‐212 targeting sequence in the RBP2 3′ UTR by luciferase assay. MiR‐212 inhibited the colony formation ability of cells by repressing RBP2 expression and increasing that of P21CIP1 and P27kip1, both critical in cell cycle arrest. In addition, the expression of RBP2 and miR‐212 in tumor tissue and matched normal tissue from 18 patients further supported the results in vivo. MiR‐212 directly regulates the expression of RBP2 and inhibits cell growth in gastric cancer, which may provide new clues to treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 2666–2672, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“Love Hurts”: Romantic Attachment and Depressive Symptoms in Pregnant Adolescent and Young Adult Couples
Authors: Desrosiers Alethea , Sipsma Heather , Callands Tamora , Hansen Nathan , Divney Anna , Magriples Urania , Kershaw Trace 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveThe current study investigates the relationship between romantic attachment style and depressive symptoms between both members of pregnant adolescent and young adult couples.MethodParticipants were 296 pregnant young females (mean age = 18.7) and their male partners (mean age = 21.3; 592 total participants) who were recruited from obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Connecticut. The dimensions of avoidant and anxious romantic attachment were assessed using the Experiences in Close Relationships Inventory. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression Scale.ResultsResults showed that avoidant attachment and anxious attachment were significantly positively related to depressive symptoms. Multilevel modeling for partner effects revealed that anxious attachment and depressive symptoms in partners were significantly positively associated with depressive symptomsConclusionFindings underscore the importance of considering couples‐based approaches to supporting the transition to parenthood and developing the necessary self and relationship skills to manage attachment needs and relationship challenges.
What is evolutionary novelty? Process versus character based definitions
Authors: Peterson Tim , Müller Gerd B. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWith the rise of EvoDevo, the topic of evolutionary novelty has received renewed attention. Indeed, it has been argued that one of the major contributions of EvoDevo to evolutionary theory is the explanation of phenotypic novelty. Despite such assertions, dispute continues over what exactly a novelty is and whether the term applies to a unique type of evolutionary phenomenon or whether it merely has informal meaning. In a recent special issue of J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) dedicated to novelty, a new definition was introduced, linking novelty exclusively with adaptation and developmental constraint. In our commentary, we discuss how defining novelty in this process oriented manner leads to heightened difficulties with the application of the term and the identification of novelties. At the same time it conceals important implications for evolutionary studies. In contrast, we argue for a character based definition that is independent from adaptive necessities and promotes the integration of evolutionary factors not included in the standard theory. The implications of approaching novelty in this manner take the issue beyond definitional debates. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 320B: 345–350, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.