bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Was ist neu beim Magenkarzinom?
Authors: Masetti Michael , Lorenzen Sylvie 
Published: August 2024

Was ist neu?
Therapie des lokal fortgeschrittenen Adenokarzinoms des Magens und AEG Im lokal fortgeschrittenen Stadium werden multimodale Therapien wie die perioperative Chemotherapie mit FLOT oder die neoadjuvante Radiochemotherapie in nationalen und internationalen Leitlinien empfohlen. Die Integration der Immuntherapie in diese Konzepte hat das Potenzial, die Prognose wesentlich zu verbessern. Phase-II/III-Studien wie die DANTE-, die KEYNOTE-585- und die MATTERHORN-Studie zeigen ermutigende Ergebnisse hinsichtlich verbesserter pathologischer Remissionen, jedoch sind Daten zur Überlebenszeitverlängerung für unselektionierte Patienten bislang ernüchternd.
Neuartige Behandlungskonzepte für die palliative Therapie In der palliativen Therapie des metastasierten Magenkarzinoms bieten Immuntherapien und neue zielgerichtete Antikörpertherapien Hoffnung. Studien wie CheckMate-649 und KEYNOTE-859 zeigen eine Verbesserung des Überlebens und der Ansprechraten. Aktuell bestehen sowohl für Pembrolizumab als auch Nivolumab Zulassungen in der Erstlinienbehandlung von Tumoren mit positiver PD-L1-Expression. Bei HER2-positiven Tumoren konnte in der KEYNOTE-811-Studie gezeigt werden, dass Patienten von Kombinationstherapien mit Immuncheckpoint-Inhibition und anti-HER2-Therapien profitieren. Das Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugat Trastuzumab-Deruxtecan ist eine vielversprechende Zweitlinien-Therapieoption für HER2-positive Tumore nach Therapieversagen mit Trastuzumab. Darüber hinaus zeigt der bispezifische Antikörper Zanidatamab vielversprechende Ergebnisse in der Erstlinienbehandlung. Neue zielgerichtete Therapien gegen CLDN18.2 und FGFR2b zeigen vielversprechende Daten. Der gegen Claudin 18.2 (CLDN18.2) gerichtete Antikörper Zolbetuximab führt bei Patienten mit CLDN18.2-positiver Erkrankung in der Erstlinientherapie zu einer Verbesserung des Überlebens, im Vergleich zu Chemotherapie allein, sodass eine Zulassung 2024 erwartet wird.
Herausforderungen bei der orthopädisch-unfallchirurgischen Versorgung von Kriegsflüchtlingen und Soldaten aus der Ukraine in einem Trauma Zentrum der Maximalversorgung
Authors: Prangenberg Christian , Roder Lisa Fiona , Welle Kristian , Roos Jonas , Zellner Alberto Alfieri , Ben Amar Soufian , Burger Christof , Gathen Martin 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungIn dem seit über 14 Monaten andauernden Ukrainekrieg sind nach Angaben der Vereinten Nationen ca. 19337 Verletzte sowie über 10242 Tote auf Seite der Ukraine zu beklagen. Zur Unterstützung der Ukraine kam es zu umfangreichen humanitären Hilfsaktionen, sodass auch in Deutschland Kriegsverletzte aus der Ukraine versorgt werden. In einer retrospektiven Kohortenstudie wurden 10 Patienten untersucht, die zwischen dem 24.02.2022 und dem 24.02.2023 mittels Kleeblattsystem aus der Ukraine in der Abteilung behandelt wurden.Die durchschnittliche stationäre Behandlungsdauer betrug 53,10 Tage. Der durchschnittliche ISS (Injury Severity Score) betrug 23,7. Die Patienten wurden durchschnittlich in unserem Haus 3,3-mal operiert. Alle Patienten wurden konsiliarisch psychologisch mitbetreut. Bei allen Patienten erfolgte zunächst eine Schutzisolierung, bis Ergebnisse eines Coronatests sowie der mikrobiologischen Abstriche vorlagen. Nach vorläufiger Schutzisolierung musste in 5 Fällen
aufgrund isolationspflichtiger Keime eine weitere Isolierung durchgeführt werden. In 8 Fällen erfolgte eine Entlassung in eine staatliche Unterkunft. In 3 Fällen erfolgte auf eigenen Wunsch eine Rückverlegung in die Ukraine.Die Behandlung von kriegsverletzten Patienten aus der Ukraine stellt eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Sie erfordert zwingend ein interdisziplinäres Behandlungskonzept, das neben spezieller unfallchirurgischer und orthopädischer Expertise plastisch-rekonstruktive, mikrobiologische und nicht zuletzt psychologische Mitbetreuung voraussetzt. Durch die hohe Rate an infizierten und isolationspflichtigen Befunden wird häufig eine lange, kostenintensive Therapie mit multiplen Revisionsoperationen erforderlich.
Flexible endoskopische Evaluation des Schluckaktes (FEES) in der Geriatrie – auch in der Diagnose einer Myasthenia gravis im Alter richtungsweisend
Authors: Kowar Michael , Frackowiak Monika , Kaufhold Christiane , Jacobs Andreas H. 
Published: August 2024

Anamnese Ein 76-jähriger Patient wird durch den Hausarzt eingewiesen aufgrund eines unklaren Bolusgefühls mit Gewichtsverlust seit einer Wirbelkörperoperation vor ca. 3–4 Monaten. Eine bereits internistisch durchgeführte Duodeno-Gastroskopie zeigte keinen wegweisenden Befund. Zur weiteren Diagnostik und Therapie erfolgte daher die Aufnahme in die geriatrische Abteilung.
Untersuchungsbefund Am Tag der Aufnahme zeigt sich ein unauffälliger neurologischer und internistischer Untersuchungsbefund. Auch laborchemisch zeigte sich kein wegweisender Befund. Die radiologischen Untersuchungen zeigten sich ebenfalls unauffällig. In der FEES-Untersuchung zeigten sich Retentionen, und die Schluckfrequenz nahm im Verlauf ab, wobei sich die Retentionen vermehrten. Zusätzlich gab der Patient während der Untersuchung eine Schwäche der Nackenmuskulatur an.
Therapie und Verlauf In der FEES-Untersuchung zeigte sich der V. a. eine Myasthenia gravis. Die Diagnose konnte in der weiteren laborchemischen Untersuchung mittels positiver Antikörper gegen Acetylcholinrezeptoren und in der neurologischen Untersuchung mittels repetitiver Reizung bestätigt werden. Unter Therapie mit Mestinon und Prednisolon zeigte sich ein Rückgang der Beschwerden, insbesondere des Globusgefühls. Auch die beschriebene Schwäche der Nackenmuskulatur war regredient. Die im Verlauf erneut durchgeführte FEES-Untersuchung konnte keine Retentionen oder Abnahme der Schluckfrequenz nachweisen.
Schlussfolgerung Bei unklarem Globusgefühl und unklarer Schluckstörung sollte an eine Myasthenia gravis gedacht werden. Eine FEES-Untersuchung kann richtungsweisend sein in der Diagnosestellung einer Myasthenia gravis mit vorwiegend pharyngealer Verlaufsform.
Prolongierte Entwöhnung nach Langzeitbeatmung aufgrund einer SARS-CoV-2-Infektion – eine multizentrische retrospektive Analyse
Authors: Geismann Florian , Braunschmidt Lucas , Mohr Arno , Hardebusch Thorsten , Westhoff Michael , Dreher Michael , Müller Tobias , Heine Alexander , Ramdatt Hemendra , Obst Anne , Ewert Ralf 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungBei einem Teil der Patienten mit SARS-CoV-2-Infektion (COVID-19) erfolgte während der stationären Betreuung eine invasive Beatmung. Die Entwöhnung von der Beatmung gestaltete sich bei einigen Patienten schwierig (sog. prolongiertes Weaning).
Patienten Wir haben retrospektiv Patientencharakteristika und Outcome
von 193 Patienten mit COVID-19-assoziierter invasiver Beatmung mit prolongiertem Weaning an
vier deutschen Weaning-Zentren erfasst. Als Vergleichsgruppe wurden Patienten (n=751) mit
prolongiertem Weaning (Grund der Beatmung „Pneumonie“ und „Akutes Lungenversagen“) aus diesen
vier Zentren aus den Jahren 2011–2023 aus dem „WeanNet“-Register herangezogen.
Ergebnisse Im Median betrug die intensivmedizinische Betreuung 39 (25–68) Tage. Bei 19% (37/193) der Patienten war im Median für 27 (18–51) Tage eine ECMO-Unterstützung notwendig. Die Sterblichkeit im Krankenhaus betrug 8,3% (2,7% mit vs. 9,6% ohne ECMO) und in der Vergleichsgruppe verstarben 6,8%. Bei Entlassung waren 84% (Vergleichsgruppe 77%) komplett entwöhnt, bei 2,6% (Vergleichsgruppe 17,6%) der Patienten erfolgte eine NIV-Behandlung. Bei 7,8% (Vergleichsgruppe 15,7%) war weiterhin eine invasive Beatmung notwendig. Im Beobachtungszeitraum von 6 Monaten nach Entlassung war bei 22,4% und nach 12 Monaten bei weiteren 14,1% der Patienten eine stationäre Betreuung notwendig. Die Gesamtsterblichkeit im Follow-up nach 12 Monaten betrug 20,6% (5,6% mit vs. 24,6% ohne ECMO).
Diskussion Die Sterblichkeit von beatmeten Patienten mit COVID-19 war
in den vier untersuchten Weaning-Zentren mit 8,3% sehr gering. Die Sterblichkeit der Patienten
mit einer ECMO-Behandlung lag bei lediglich 2,7%. Die Sterblichkeit in der Vergleichsgruppe
wurde mit 7,3% ermittelt. Die geringere Sterblichkeit der Patienten mit einer ECMO-Behandlung
zeigte sich auch bei Nachbeobachtung mit bis zu 12 Monaten. Die aufgrund von COVID-19 invasiv beatmeten Patienten mit prolongiertem Weaning zeigten sowohl hinsichtlich erfolgreicher Entwöhnung als auch im Hinblick auf die Sterblichkeit vergleichbare Ergebnisse im Vergleich zu einer Kontrollgruppe aus dem WeanNet-Register. Die Langzeitergebnisse mit einem Überleben von mehr als 80% für das erste Jahr nach Entlassung waren ermutigend.
Revolutionizing early Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment diagnosis: a deep learning MRI meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Li-xue , Wang Yi-zhe , Han Chen-guang , Zhao Lei , He Li , Li Jie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background The early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains a significant challenge in neurology, with conventional methods often limited by subjectivity and variability in interpretation. Integrating deep learning with artificial intelligence (AI) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis emerges as a transformative approach, offering the potential for unbiased, highly accurate diagnostic insights.
Objective A meta-analysis was designed to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of deep learning of MRI images on AD and MCI models.
Methods A meta-analysis was performed across PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, focusing on the diagnostic accuracy of deep learning. Subsequently, methodological quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 checklist. Diagnostic measures, including sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were analyzed, alongside subgroup analyses for T1-weighted and non-T1-weighted MRI.
Results A total of 18 eligible studies were identified. The Spearman correlation coefficient was -0.6506. Meta-analysis showed that the combined sensitivity and specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were 0.84, 0.86, 6.0, 0.19, and 32, respectively. The AUROC was 0.92. The quiescent point of hierarchical summary of receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) was 3.463. Notably, the images of 12 studies were acquired by T1-weighted MRI alone, and those of the other 6 were gathered by non-T1-weighted MRI alone.
Conclusion Overall, deep learning of MRI for the diagnosis of AD and MCI showed good sensitivity and specificity and contributed to improving diagnostic accuracy.
Optical coherence tomography imaging and noise characterization based on 1-μm microresonator frequency combs
Authors: Melton T. , McMillan J. F. , Yang J. , Wang W. , Lai Y. , Gerber M. , Rodriguez M. , Hubschman J. P. , Nouri-Mahdavi K. , Wong C. W. 
Published: August 2024

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography is a pervasive, non-invasive, in vivo biomedical imaging platform that currently utilizes incoherent broadband superluminescent diodes to generate interferograms from which depth and structural information are extracted. Advancements in laser frequency microcombs have enabled the chip-scale broadband generation of discrete frequency sources, with prior soliton and chaotic comb states examined in discrete spectral-domain optical coherence tomography at 1.3 μm. In this work, we demonstrate coherence tomography through Si3N4 microresonator laser frequency microcombs at 1 μm, achieving imaging qualities on-par with or exceeding the equivalent commercial optical coherence tomography system. We characterize the noise performance of our frequency comb states and additionally show that inherent comb line amplitude fluctuations in a chaotic state and the resultant tomograms can be compensated via multi-scan averaging.
Elastocaloric effect and cooling performance of NiTi sheets in a continuous rotating bending elastocaloric cooler
Authors: Cheng Siyuan , Sun Wanju , Li Xueshi , Zhang Jiongjiong 
Published: August 2024

Elastocaloric cooling technology has the prospect of becoming a commercialized green alternative to current vapor-compression technology, and the systematic characterization of the elastocaloric effect and microstructure has become increasingly significant for the optimization of elastocaloric coolers and heat pumps. In this work, a comprehensive elastocaloric effect characterization for a dog-bone shaped NiTi sheet with a thickness of 0.5 mm was performed for the application in a compact continuous rotating bending elastocaloric cooler. The elastocaloric effect was found to be nearly identical under Brayton-like and sinusoidal force-controlled cyclic tensile loadings. The maximum adiabatic temperature change values of 31 and 23 K were recorded in Brayton-like cyclic loadings under maximum applied stress of 600 and 400 MPa, respectively, with an applied strain rate of 0.1 s−1. During fatigue tests, large applied stress (&gt;600 MPa) and high applied strain rates (&gt;0.1 s−1) tended to result in premature failure of the NiTi sheet samples. In the continuous rotating bending elastocaloric cooler, the sheets generated a temperature span of 6 K between the copper heat sink and heat source. The results of this work provide a set of thermophysical property data for the elastocaloric solid refrigerant and insights for the optimization of structural and operational parameters in elastocaloric coolers and heat pumps.
Electronic and vibrational spectroscopy of benzonitrile cation for astrochemical consideration
Authors: Daly F. C. , Douglas-Walker T. E. , Palotás J. , Anstöter C. S. , Zheng A. , Campbell E. K. 
Published: August 2024

The electronic and vibrational spectra of benzonitrile cation, C6H5CN+ (BZN+), in the gas phase at low temperatures are reported. Measurements were carried out using a cryogenic ion trapping apparatus. The mid-infrared spectrum shows a strong CN stretch at 2130 ± 1 cm−1 (4.694 ± 0.002 µm). The electronic spectrum is reported in the range 5040–5750 Å. This covers the forbidden B2B2 ← X2B1 and allowed C2B1 ← X2B1 transitions. The spectrum is dominated by a broad absorption feature at wavelengths shorter than 5250 Å, with the strongest absorption located at 5140 Å. Experimental data are complemented with quantum chemical calculations carried out at the density functional theory and extended multi-configurational quasi-degenerate perturbation theory level. The spectroscopic results are discussed in the context of astronomical observations in the infrared and visible.
Chinese parents’ involvement in their young children’s app-based language learning
Authors: Bang Hee Jin , Mackey Alison 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Parents and other primary caregivers play a critical role in shaping the environment in which their children
develop language and literacy skills. Relatively little, however, is known about caregiver involvement in their children’s foreign
language learning, especially when using a self-guided language learning app. This study focuses on whether and how Chinese
parents and caregivers contribute to their young children’s English language learning as children use a digital game-based
learning app to develop their English skills. Data collected from a larger efficacy study through interviews, focus groups, and
surveys were examined to uncover information about how the app was effective and how parents and caregivers shaped their
children’s language learning experiences. Results indicated that parents can be and often are involved in their children’s
app-based language learning experiences, and that parental involvement can mediate learning. Results also suggest that time spent
on digital media can be effectively leveraged by parents for educational purposes and parents who allow their children greater
independence may more readily foster their children’s ability to achieve higher English language skills.
4.11-million Q-factor whole-angle MEMS hemispherical resonator gyroscope with 0.013°/h bias instability
Authors: Li Bei , Li ZhuoNan , Wang Xi , Huang ChengHao , Yang Bo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The MEMS μHRG offers high potential in achieving a high quality factor (Q-factor) and the corresponding detection accuracy, thus holding significant prospects for applications in the field of high-precision inertial measurement. This paper introduces a whole-angle (WA) mode MEMS hemispherical resonator gyroscope (WA-μHRG) with a high Q-factor (4.11 million) and presents a WA mode control scheme. Specifically, the paper establishes a frequency tuning technique that leverages precession angle control and quadrature control loop switching. Adjusting the quadrature control loop at special precession angles can effectively achieve alignment of the stiffness axis and reduction of frequency split. The impacts of frequency mismatch on the WA gyroscope were investigated through simulations, which validated the efficacy of mode matching in improving the accuracy and performance of gyro, as evidenced by the reduction in angle-dependent bias (ADB) drift. Experimental results demonstrate that this method can reduce the frequency difference from initial 110 mHz to 3.91 mHz. In the presence of mode matching, the ADBs drift dropped by 81.39%, from 2.586°s−1 to 0.481°s−1. Ultimately, the WA-μHRG exhibits an angular gain of 0.695, a bandwidth of 12 Hz, and a measurement range of ±500°s−1. More importantly, the gyro achieves a bias instability of 0.013°h−1.
Leukocyte-based delivery systems for enhanced nanotheranostics of inflammation and cancer
Authors: Li Helin , Song Fangyin , Chu Yu , Su Weike , Li Xin , Yang Mengshi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
As a part of the immune system, leukocytes (LEs) have the features of circumvention of immunogenicity as well as recruitment to sites of inflammation during infection and tumorigenesis. Utilizing LEs as vehicles to carry theranostic agents is a promising strategy for highly efficient targeted delivery and treatment for inflammation and cancer. Specifically, the LEs, similar to ‘Trojan horses’, can bypass the immune system and thus enhance the therapeutic effects on inflammation and cancer. In this context, the latest progress of LEs-based delivery systems for improving theranostics of inflammations and cancers is summarized, including in vitro incubation and in vivo internalization strategy. Although the therapeutic efficacy of LEs-based delivery systems has been achieved, the system construction is complex and the effect is not fulfilling demand completely. Encouragingly, a most recent work reported that the supramolecular arrangement of proteins on the nanocarriers would drive them to be selectively uptaken by neutrophils, opening a new avenue for diagnosis and treatment of inflammation. Moreover, enucleated cells are considered as the biomimetic drug delivery vehicle to retain the organelles for a range of diseases in a safe, controllable and effective manner. These novel findings provide more opportunities for researchers to rethink and redesign the LEs-based delivery systems to overcome existing limitations and broaden their usage, especially in clinical medicine.
ThunderBoltz: an open-source direct simulation Monte Carlo Boltzmann solver for plasma transport, chemical kinetics, and 0D modeling
Authors: Park Ryan , Scheiner Brett S , Zammit Mark C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Plasma-neutral interactions, including reactive kinetics, are often either studied in 0D using ODE-based descriptions, or in multi-dimensional fluid or particle-based plasma codes. The latter case involves a complex assembly of procedures that are not always necessary to test effects of underlying physical models and mechanisms for particle-based descriptions. Here we present ThunderBoltz, a lightweight, publicly available 0D direct simulation Monte Carlo code designed to accommodate a generalized combination of species and arbitrary cross sections without the overhead of expensive field solves. It can produce electron, ion, and neutral velocity distributions in applied AC/DC E-field and/or static B-field scenarios. The code is built in the C++ standard library and includes a convenient Python interface that allows for input file generation (including compatibility with cross section data from the LXCat database), electron transport and reaction rate constant post-processing, input parameter constraint satisfaction, calculation scheduling, and diagnostic plotting. These codes can be accessed at the repository: https://github.com/lanl/ThunderBoltz. In this work we compare ThunderBoltz transport calculations against Bolsig+ calculations, benchmark test problems, and swarm experiment data, finding good agreement with all three in the appropriate field regimes. In addition, we present example use cases where the electron, ion, and background neutral particle species are self-consistently evolved to model the background kinetics, a feature that is absent in fixed-background Monte Carlo and n-term Boltzmann solvers. The latter functionality allows for the possibility of particle-based chemical kinetics simulations of the plasma and neutral species as a new alternative to ODE-based approaches.
The investigation of synergistic interactions between CO2 plasma and porous catalysts through 2-D fluid modeling
Authors: Li Kangkang , Lei Xiaoting , Cheng He , Zhang Wenchao , Lu Xinpei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The efficiency of plasma-coupled catalysis is believed to be higher than the sum of the efficiencies of the plasma and catalyst when acting independently. However, the underlying microscopic interaction mechanism responsible for this phenomenon remains systematically unexplored. This paper presents an initial demonstration of the combined effects of complex porous-structured catalysts and CO2 plasma using a two-dimensional fluid dynamics model. The study attests to the contribution of the catalyst’s porous structure in enhancing the electric field intensity, facilitating ‘hotspot’ formation, accelerating plasma development, improving ionization rate, as well as increasing the density of electrons, reactive heavy species, and products. It also uncovers the ability of plasma to penetrate into the surface pores of the catalytic bead, and the potential occurrence of micro-discharges within catalyst interior pores. Meanwhile, the reactive species of plasma such as the energetic electrons and the vibrationally/electronically excited CO2 in plasma may also impact the surface processes of the catalyst through mechanisms such as reducing reaction barriers. The successful replication of these interactions underscores the potential of this model as a valuable tool for investigating the efficiency optimization of plasma-enhanced catalytic conversion of CO2.
Observation ofγγ→ττin proton–proton collisions and limits on the anomalous electromagnetic moments of the τ lepton
Authors: CMS Collaboration The 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe production of a pair of τ leptons via photon–photon fusion,γγ→ττ, is observed for the first time in proton–proton collisions, with a significance of 5.3 standard deviations. This observation is based on a data set recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb−1. Events with a pair of τ leptons produced via photon–photon fusion are selected by requiring them to be back-to-back in the azimuthal direction and to have a minimum number of charged hadrons associated with their production vertex. The τ leptons are reconstructed in their leptonic and hadronic decay modes. The measured fiducial cross section ofγγ→ττisσobsfid=12.4−3.1+3.8fb. Constraints are set on the contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment (aτ) and electric dipole moments (dτ) of the τ lepton originating from potential effects of new physics on theγττvertex:aτ=0.0009−0.0031+0.0032and|dτ|<2.9×10−17ecm(95% confidence level), consistent with the standard model.