bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structurally-constrained encoding framework using a multi-voxel reduced-rank latent model for human natural vision
Authors: Ranjbar Amin , Suratgar Amir Abolfazl , Menhaj Mohammad Bagher , Abbasi-Asl Reza 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective. Voxel-wise visual encoding models based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have emerged as one of the prominent predictive tools of human brain activity via functional magnetic resonance imaging signals. While CNN-based models imitate the hierarchical structure of the human visual cortex to generate explainable features in response to natural visual stimuli, there is still a need for a brain-inspired model to predict brain responses accurately based on biomedical data. Approach. To bridge this gap, we propose a response prediction module called the Structurally Constrained Multi-Output (SCMO) module to include homologous correlations that arise between a group of voxels in a cortical region and predict more accurate responses. Main results. This module employs all the responses across a visual area to predict individual voxel-wise BOLD responses and therefore accounts for the population activity and collective behavior of voxels. Such a module can determine the relationships within each visual region by creating a structure matrix that represents the underlying voxel-to-voxel interactions. Moreover, since each response module in visual encoding tasks relies on the image features, we conducted experiments using two different feature extraction modules to assess the predictive performance of our proposed module. Specifically, we employed a recurrent CNN that integrates both feedforward and recurrent interactions, as well as the popular AlexNet model that utilizes feedforward connections. Significance. We demonstrate that the proposed framework provides a reliable predictive ability to generate brain responses across multiple areas, outperforming benchmark models in terms of stability and coherency of features.
The simplified energy landscape of the φ
4 model and the phase transition
Authors: Baroni Fabrizio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The on-lattice φ
4 model is a paradigmatic example of a continuous real-variable model undergoing a continuous symmetry-breaking phase transition (SBPT). Here, we study the

Z

2

-symmetric mean-field case without the quadratic term in the local potential. We show that the

Z

2

-SBPT is not affected by the quadratic term and that the potential energy landscape is greatly simplified from a geometric–topological viewpoint. In particular, only three critical points exist to confront, with a number growing as eN
(N is the number of degrees of freedom) of the model with a negative quadratic term. We focus on the properties of the equipotential surfaces with the aim to deepen the link between SBPTs and the essential properties of a potential that is capable of entailing them. The results are interpreted in view of of some recent achievements regarding rigorous necessary and sufficient conditions for a

Z

2

-SBPT.
Erosion performance of direct-aged Al2O3-reinforced plasma-sprayed composite coatings at high-temperature conditions
Authors: Prashar Gaurav , Vasudev Hitesh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The present investigation evaluates the influence of furnace heat-treatment (HT) on the microstructure, microhardness, fracture toughness and erosion resistance of three plasma sprayed composite coatings: a Inconel625–30 wt% micron-sized Al2O3 (In625-MHT) coating, a Inconel625–30 wt% nano-sized Al2O3 (In625-NHT) coating and a Inconel625–15 wt% micron-sized Al2O3 + 15 wt% nano-sized Al2O3 (In625-BHT/bimodal) coating. High temperature solid particle erosion tests were conducted at 900 °C temperature and with at two different impingement angles (90 and 30) in simulated environment using standard erosion-test rig. Coatings were subjected to detailed mechanical and microstructural analysis in order to better understand their erosion mechanism and structure–property correlation. By healing pores and cracks, the furnace HT increases the coatings’ erosion resistance in the order of In625-BHT, In625-NHT, and In625-MHTcoating. In addition, the mechanical properties of In625-BHT coating like porosity (1.0 ± 0.09%), micro-hardness (1299 ± 25Hv) and fracture toughness (5.9 MPa√m) are significantly improved after HT. The presence of grooves and lips on the surfaces of uncoated substrates provides clear evidence that the erosion mechanism involves the combined processes of micro-ploughing and micro-cutting indicating ductile erosion mode. However unimodal and bimodal composite coatings demonstrated a brittle erosion mode.
Influence of sequential machining process on the surface topography of dies
Authors: Bordin Fernando Moreira , Builes Sara Diaz , Costa Erick Cardoso , Filho Clídio Hort , Xavier Fabio Antonio 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Near net-shape manufacturing of components is a trend that aims to significantly reduce machining times and material waste, trading the machining efficiency for smaller lead times. Cold forging of gear-shaped components is one such operation that generates a component with superior geometrical accuracy and precision, however, the machined cavity is often subject to high mechanical loads and fatigue failures. The usual manufacturing chain involves hard machining, die-sinking electro-discharge machining, and mechanical polishing with abrasive media. Without proper knowledge of the resulting surface roughness and morphology, the tribological aspects of the surface can be neglected. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the manufacturing chain of gear-shaped cavities in terms of surface roughness, surface morphology, and surface residual stresses generated after die-sinking electro-discharge machining (roughing and finishing regimes), as well as mechanical polishing. The surface of the gear tooth was evaluated in three distinct regions: flank, top, and bottom. The results showcased that, even though the surface roughness/texture of the different regions of interest illustrates similar magnitudes, the surface morphology presented completely adverse features, highlighting the importance of a thorough analysis of the machined surface. Residual stress analysis indicated that the mechanical polishing operation was not enough to remove the high-magnitude tensile residual stresses.
Effects of Ce addition on inclusion modification in martensitic stainless steel
Authors: Xing Lei , Wang Haiyan , Gao Xueyun , Tian Fangcheng , Lin Hongling , Yin Haixin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The control of inclusion features, i.e., chemical composition, distribution, quantity, and size, is in high demand for stainless steels to achieve good surface quality, pitting corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties. In this paper, the effects of rare earth (RE) modification on the inclusions of martensitic stainless steel were explored. Martensitic stainless steels with various contents of Ce were prepared, and the inclusions in the cast billets were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and an automatic analysis system for nonmetallic inclusions in steels (OTS). The effect of Ce on the modification of nonmetallic inclusions during solidification was explored with thermodynamic calculations. The results showed that the addition of Ce modified the oxygen and sulfur inclusions by transforming them from irregular elongated inclusions to nearly spherical RE composite inclusions. Compared with those in basic martensitic stainless steel, nine types of RE inclusions were found in the presence of Ce. As the Ce content increased from 0.048 wt% to 0.092 wt%, the CeAlO3 content decreased, whereas the Ce2O2S content increased. Moreover, there were 80% fewer inclusions than in the basic martensitic stainless steel.
Unveiling awareness and knowledge of orphan plants: catalysts for sustainable transformation in Al-Zarqa Basin, Jordan
Authors: Alahmad Waed , Al-Qudah Tamara S , Khasawneh Anas , Al Otoom Ra’ed A , Al-Atoom Maysa A , Al Ahmad Wajed , Alsomadi Rani 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The awareness of orphan plants and underutilized species that have agricultural, nutritional, and medicinal importance is critical to the sustainable civilization of people. The lack of knowledge of the orphan plant’s importance stems from insufficient outreach and educational efforts and this may increase the underappreciation of these plants’ ecological relevance which will affect the sustainable environment in the determined region. In this study, Al Zarqa basin region located in the northern part of Jordan was selected as a study case. This is due to it having rich plant biodiversity with many endangered plant species. This study aimed to assess the awareness levels of the civil people in the Al Zarqa basin regarding orphan plants and identify key factors influencing the community’s understanding of these underutilized species. In this study, local youth volunteers distributed an e-questionnaire, and 1000 participants from seven villages were engaged. Different parameters that measure people’s awareness regarding orphan plants were evaluated. Data were collected and statistically analyzed to show the range of the people’s awareness. Data showed the predominant of the samples used were male representation (66%), aged 18–45, engaged in agricultural and handicraft activities, with diverse educational backgrounds, and monthly incomes of 300–500 JD. Limited awareness (23.3%) of ‘orphan plants’ was linked to lower academic levels in the studied areas. Perceived benefits varied, with 36.1% acknowledging moderate advantages and 25.6% perceiving high benefits. Despite recognizing utility, participants lacked specificity in benefits or classification. The study concludes that the region exhibits a dearth of knowledge about orphan plants, necessitating educational initiatives to raise awareness and advocate for the agricultural and medicinal potential of underutilized plant species, contributing to the socioeconomic advancement of residents in the agriculturally endowed Zarqa Basin. This investigation is essential for highlighting the current state of awareness and informing potential outreach and education strategies. Addressing the root cause of underappreciation through targeted initiatives can play a pivotal role in fostering a better understanding of the ecological significance of rare and endangered plants, ultimately contributing to their conservation and sustainable use.
The African fulcrum to bend the curve of the climate crisis to a just transition
Authors: Akinsipe Oluwagbemisola D , Kammen Daniel M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
From a current impact of under 4% of global greenhouse gas emissions, rapid industrialization and population growth in Africa could dramatically change the continent’s emissions profile. In this study, we develop an analytic framework to quantify future scenarios and project that, in mid- and green-growth scenarios, Africa’s emissions would amount to just 4%–13% of the planned carbon savings in major economies. However, in a high-growth scenario without climate-conscious development, African emissions could jeopardize global mitigation efforts. Less than 20 nations could account for 80%–90% of the continent’s emissions, highlighting the critical role of green growth pathways centered on rapid clean energy adoption in just a few countries to transform the continent’s energy landscape. A 20-fold increase in investment and project completion rates is required to meet the renewable energy targets in these countries’ Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Our analysis underscores the need for nuanced country-specific strategies that prioritize equity and financial support for optimal climate and development progress in Africa.
A hotspot and mechanism of enhanced bottom intrusion on the southern New England shelf
Authors: Chen Ke 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Understanding the occurrence of the intrusion of open ocean water onto continental shelves has scientific significance and societal relevance as the intrusion can significantly disrupt the marine ecosystem and fisheries. High-resolution numerical modeling is used to investigate the spatiotemporal occurrence and mechanisms of highly anomalous bottom intrusions on the southern New England shelf. Based on multi-year numerical simulations, this study reveals a hotspot of cross-isobath bottom-intensified intrusions at a topographic trough. Examination of multiple events portrays a robust mechanism of locally enhanced bottom intrusions. Persistent upwelling-favorable winds set up an enhanced pressure gradient field at the topographic trough and drive the intrusion a large-distance onshore. Numerical experiments with and without the topographic trough show that the localized pressure gradient results from a combination of the shelf orientation and local bathymetry. Although highly anomalous waters on the shelf relate to wind forcing, correlations between the wind stress anomaly and bottom salinity anomaly at the location of the enhanced intrusion is modest, implying the need to incorporate other environmental factors to develop more deterministic prediction models for subsurface conditions on the shelf. The results have important implications for marine environment and fisheries management.
An analytical-atomistic model for elastic behavior of silicon nanowires
Authors: Zare Pakzad Sina , Nasr Esfahani Mohammad , Erdem Alaca B 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Silicon nanowires entail significant potential as sensors in nanoelectromechanical systems. Despite its crucial impact in such applications, inconsistent trends in mechanical behavior reported in computational and experimental studies remain unexplained. Hence, scale effect in even the most fundamental elastic properties requires clarification. This work introduces a multiscale model to bridge the existing gap between atomistic simulations and experimental observations encountered around a critical dimension of 10 nm. The combined approach of this work is based on molecular dynamics and modified core–shell model and captures the scale effect over a substantial size range. The evolution of the modulus of elasticity is thus studied and linked to nanowire critical dimension through the parameterization of surface inhomogeneity. The developed method is also validated through an analysis of native oxide revealing an average modulus of elasticity of 75 GPa. The method’s applicability can be extended to similar one-dimensional structures with unique surface states.
Local Pantheons after the Synoecism: The Cults of Ialysos, Cameiros, and Lindos
Authors: Zachhuber Juliane 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, the local religious landscapes and pantheons of Ialysos, Lindos, and Cameiros are explored in turn, drawing on some archaeological evidence, but mainly on the substantial body of epigraphic material that survives from Lindos and Cameiros. While the material rarely offers much information on cultic intricacies, it allows us to map the diverse local religious landscapes, and the deities who were worshipped there. For both Lindos and Cameiros, some conclusions can also be drawn on the diachronic development of local pantheons, and how religious trends exist in dialogue with one another. The dissemination of new Hellenistic deities like Sarapis and the influence of different religious networks can be traced at this local level.
A dwarf conifer tree from the Triassic of Antarctica: the first fossil evidence of suppressed growth in a favourable climate?
Authors: Decombeix Anne-Laure , Hiller Philipp , Bomfleur Benjamin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
The complexity of fossil forest ecosystems is difficult to reconstruct due to the fragmentary nature of the fossil record. However, detailed morpho-anatomical studies of well-preserved individual fossils can provide key information on tree growth and ecology, including in biomes with no modern analogue, such as the lush forests that developed in the polar regions during past greenhouse climatic episodes.

Methods
We describe an unusual-looking stem from Middle Triassic (~240 Ma) deposits of Antarctica with over 100 very narrow growth rings and conspicuous persistent vascular traces through the wood. Sections of the specimen were prepared using the cellulose acetate peel technique to determine its systematic affinities and analyse its growth.

Key Results
The new fossil shows similarities to the form genus Woodworthia and with conifer stems from the Triassic of Antarctica, and is assigned to the conifers. Vascular traces are interpreted as those of small branches retained on the trunk. Growth-ring analyses reveal one of the slowest growth rates reported in the fossil record, with an average of 0.2 mm per season. While the tree was growing within the Triassic polar circle, sedimentological data and growth-ring information from other fossil trees, including from the same locality, support the presence of favourable conditions in the region.

Conclusions
The specimen is interpreted as a dwarf conifer tree that grew under a generally favourable regional climate but whose growth was suppressed due to stressful local site conditions. This is the first time that a tree with suppressed growth is identified as such in the fossil record, providing new insights on the structure of polar forests under greenhouse climates and, more generally, on the complexity of tree communities in deep time.
Geometric epitope and paratope prediction
Authors: Pegoraro Marco , Dominé Clémentine , Rodolà Emanuele , Veličković Petar , Deac Andreea 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Identifying the binding sites of antibodies is essential for developing vaccines and synthetic antibodies. In this article, we investigate the optimal representation for predicting the binding sites in the two molecules and emphasize the importance of geometric information.

Results
Specifically, we compare different geometric deep learning methods applied to proteins’ inner (I-GEP) and outer (O-GEP) structures. We incorporate 3D coordinates and spectral geometric descriptors as input features to fully leverage the geometric information. Our research suggests that different geometrical representation information is useful for different tasks. Surface-based models are more efficient in predicting the binding of the epitope, while graph models are better in paratope prediction, both achieving significant performance improvements. Moreover, we analyze the impact of structural changes in antibodies and antigens resulting from conformational rearrangements or reconstruction errors. Through this investigation, we showcase the robustness of geometric deep learning methods and spectral geometric descriptors to such perturbations.

Availability and Implementation
The python code for the models, together with the data and the processing pipeline, is open-source and available at https://github.com/Marco-Peg/GEP.
Epileptic activity on foramen ovale electrodes is associated with sleep and tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Devulder Astrid , Vanderlinden Greet , Van Langenhoven Leen , Testelmans Dries , Van Den Bossche Maarten , De Winter François-Laurent , Vandenbulcke Mathieu , Vandenberghe Rik , Theys Tom , Van Laere Koen , Van Paesschen Wim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Both sleep alterations and epileptiform activity are associated with the accumulation of amyloid-β and tau pathology and are currently investigated for potential therapeutic interventions in Alzheimer's disease. However, a bidirectional intertwining relationship between sleep and neuronal hyperexcitability might modulate the effects of Alzheimer's disease pathology on the corresponding associations. To investigate this, we performed multiple day simultaneous foramen ovale (FO) plus scalp EEG and polysomnography recordings and acquired 18F-MK6240 tau PET-MR in three patients in the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease and in two patients with mild and moderate dementia due to Alzheimer's disease, respectively. As an eligibility criterion for the present study, subjects either had a history of a recent seizure (n = 2) or subclinical epileptiform activity (SEA) on a previous scalp EEG taken in a research context (n = 3). The 18F-MK6240 standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) and asymmetry index (AI) were calculated in a priori-defined volumes of interest. Linear mixed-effects models were used to study associations between interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), polysomnography parameters and 18F-MK6240 SUVR.
Epileptiform activity was bilateral but asymmetrically present on FO electrodes in all patients and ≥95% of IEDs were not visible on scalp EEG. In one patient, two focal seizures were detected on FO electrodes, both without visual scalp EEG correlate. We observed lateralized periodic discharges, brief potentially ictal rhythmic discharges and lateralized rhythmic delta activity on FO electrodes in four patients. Unlike scalp EEG, intracranial electrodes showed a lateralization of epileptiform activity. Although the amount of IEDs on intracranial electrodes was not associated to the 18F-MK6240 SUVR binding in different volumes of interest, there was a congruent asymmetry of the 18F-MK6240 binding towards the most epileptic hemisphere for the mesial (P = 0.007) and lateral temporal cortex (P = 0.006). IEDs on intracranial electrodes were most abundant during slow wave sleep (SWS) (92/h) and non-REM sleep 2 (N2, 81/h), followed by non-REM sleep 1 (N1, 33/h) and least frequent during wakefulness (17/h) and REM sleep (9/h). The extent of IEDs during sleep was not reflected in the relative time in each sleep stage spent [REM% (P = 0.415), N1% (P = 0.668), N2% (P = 0.442), SWS% (P = 0.988)], and not associated with the arousal index (P = 0.317), apnoea-hypopnoea index (P = 0.846) or oxygen desaturation index (P = 0.746). Together, our observations suggest a multi-directional interaction between sleep, epileptiform activity and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease.