bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface Properties of a Nanocrystalline Fe–Ni–Nb–B Alloy After Neutron Irradiation
Authors: Pavùk Milan , Sitek Jozef , Sedlačková Katarína 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The effect of neutron radiation on the surface properties of the nanocrystalline (Fe0.25Ni0.75)81Nb7B12 alloy was studied. Firstly, amorphous (Fe0.25Ni0.75)81Nb7B12 ribbon was brought by controlled annealing to the nanocrystalline state. After annealing, the samples of the nanocrystalline ribbon were irradiated in a nuclear reactor with neutron fluences of 1×1016cm−2 and 1 × 1017cm−2 . By utilizing the magnetic force microscopy (MFM), topography and a magnetic domain structure were recorded at the surface of the ribbon-shaped samples before and after irradiation with neutrons. The results indicate that in terms of surface the nanocrystalline (Fe0.25Ni0.75)81Nb7B12 alloy is radiation-resistant up to a neutron fluence of 1 × 1017cm−2 . The changes in topography observed for both irradiated samples are discussed
Awareness System Implemented in the European Network
Authors: Jańıček František , Jedinák Martin , Šulc Igor 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Transmission system in Slovakia is part of a synchronously interconnected system of continental Europe. Besides indisputable technical and economical benefits of cooperation many hazardous factors exist of fault condition spreading with impact on our system. Even today a system break-up escalated into a vast blackout is a real danger. European transmission system operators continually work on preventive measures and develop systems with a goal to handle critical situations. The ambition of the European Awareness System is to signalize the rise of these situations and also assist with system restoration
Quantifying Dry Rubber Content in Latex Solution Using an Ultrasonic Pulse
Authors: Kerdtongmee P. , Pumdaung C. , Danworaphong S. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The quality of latex solution harvested from a para rubber tree is determined by the amount of dry rubber content (DRC). In this work, we propose the use of an ultrasonic pulse for quantifying the DRC in latex solution. Fresh latex solutions are acquired locally from different regions in the south of Thailand. The DRC of the solutions is evaluated for calibration purposes by the standard technique as recommended in ISO126:2005. Along with the calibration experiment, the ultrasonic pulse experiment is performed on the same set of the solutions in cylindrical tubes of different lengths. The ultrasonic pulse transverse longitudinally through the tubes which are fully contained with the latex solutions. Ultrasonic speeds and spatial attenuations for different dry rubber contents can then be obtained. Our results reveal that the ultrasonic speed and spatial attenuation are linearly proportional to the amount of dry rubber content in latex solution. Using the empirical relationship between the spatial attenuation and the DRC, we can predict the DRC with the accuracy comparable to that of the microwave-drying technique. Given the size of the tube, our setup is relatively small and can be portable
Polyurethanes from the crystalline prepolymers resistant to abrasive wear
Authors: Domańska Agata , Boczkowska Anna , Izydorzak-Woźniak Marta , Jaegermann Zbigniew , Grądzka-Dahlke Małgorzata 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The research aimed at the selection of polyurethanes synthesized from poly(tetramethylene ether) glycol (PTMEG), as well as from two different isocyanates 4,4′-methylenebis(cyclohexyl)isocyanate (HMDI) and 4.4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) in order to obtain polyurethane with increased resistance to abrasive wear and degradation for bio-medical application. Polyurethanes were fabricated from crystalline prepolymers extended by water. The paper presents preliminary results on polyurethane surface wettability, friction coefficient for different couples of the co-working materials such as polyurethane-polyurethane, polyurethane-titanium alloy, polyurethane-alumina, in comparison to commonly used polyethylene-titanium alloy. Shear strength of polyurethane-alumina joint, as well as viscosity of prepolymers were also measured. The values of friction coefficient were compared to literature data on commercially available polyurethane with the trade name Pellethane. Polyurethanes obtained are characterized by low abrasive wear and low friction coefficient in couple with the titanium alloy, what makes them attractive as possible components of ceramic-polymer endoprosthesis joints.
Uncertainties Concerning the Free Vibration of Inhomogeneous Orthotropic Reinforced Concrete Plates
Authors: Shahsavar Vahid Lal , Tofighi Samira 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Analyzing nearly collapsed and broken structures gives good insights into possible architectural and engineering design mistakes and faults in the detailing and mismanagement of a construction by building contractors. Harmful vibration effects of construction operations occur frequently. The background reviews have demonstrated that the problem of the vibration serviceability of long-span concrete floors in buildings is complex and interdisciplinary in nature. In public buildings, floor vibration control is required in order to meet Serviceability Limit States that ensure the comfort of the users of a building. In industrial buildings, machines are often placed on floors. Machines generate vibrations of various frequencies, which are transferred to supporting constructions. Precision machines require a stable floor with defined and known dynamic characteristics. In recent years there has been increasing interest in the motion of elastic bodies whose material properties (density, elastic moduli, etc.) are not constant, but vary with their position, perhaps in a random manner. Concrete is a non-homogeneous and anisotropic material. Modeling the mechanical behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) is still one of the most difficult challenges in the field of structural engineering. One of several methods for determining the dynamic modulus of the elasticity of engineering materials is the vibration frequency procedure. In this method, the required variables except for the modulus of elasticity are accurately and certainly determined. In this research, the uncertainly analysis of the free vibration of inhomogeneous orthotropic reinforced concrete plates has been investigated. Due to the numerous outputs obtained, the software package has been written in Matlab, and an analysis of the data and drawing related charts has been done.
Constitutive Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Frp Confined Concrete Specimens
Authors: Smitha Gopinath , Ramachandramurthy Avadhanam , Nagesh Ranganatha Iyer , Shahulhameed Eduvammal Kunhimoideen 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are generally used for the seismic retrofit of concrete members to enhance their strength and ductility. In the present work, the confining effect of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) composite layers has been investigated by numerical simulation. The numerical simulation has been carried out using nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) to predict the response behaviour of CFRP-wrapped concrete cylinders. The nonlinear behaviour of concrete in compression and the linear elastic behaviour of CFRP has been modeled using an appropriate constitutive relationship. A cohesive model has been developed for modeling the interface between the concrete and CFRP. The interaction and damage failure criteria between the concrete to the cohesive element and the cohesive element to the CFRP has also been accounted for in the modeling. The response behaviour of the wrapped concrete specimen has been compared with the proposed interface model and with a perfectly bonded condition. The results obtained from the present study showed good agreement with the experimental load-displacement response and the failure pattern in the literature. Further, a sensitivity analysis has been carried out to study the effect of the number of layers of CFRP on the concrete specimens. It has been observed that wrapping with two layers was found to be the optimum, beyond which the response becomes flexible but with a higher load-carrying capacity
Dominance of English in the European Union and in European Law
Authors: Křepelka Filip 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
English has become the first global language of international com- munication during the last decades. It is dominant in many fields as science, technology, transportation, business and tourism and diplomacy. The European Union with law applicable directly on individuals is officially multilingual. English is, however, preferred in internal communication and in communication with national experts. National laws are closely related with particular states. Related discourse is therefore realized mostly in national language. Legal education and research are thus less anglicized than other university education and research. Nevertheless, increasing importance of international and supranational rules for harmonization and coordination, growing demand for comparison, pres- sure to publish in internationally recognized journals, Europe-wide research projects and rising numbers of exchange of students cause widespread resort to English also at schools of law. Unfortunately, English is language of countries with Anglo-American law (common law) which differs significantly from continental law (civil law) existing in most European and other countries. Therefore, it is difficult to find adequate English words for phenomena of civil law and to stabilize their use in international discourse.
Waging Wars with Words – Libel and Slander in the Polish Statutory Law and English Common Law
Authors: Strębska Katarzyna 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the differences between the concepts of libel and slander as understood by the Polish statutory and English common law. As it turns out, the above terms are not only divergent with regard to language (varying linguistic contexts) but also with regard to corresponding acts in the real world. Western cultures cherish such values as dignity, honour and self-fulfillment as the underlying rights of a citizen in democratic countries. The above terms are being constantly referred to in international treaties and conventions but the question which should be asked is whether they receive due attention in legal practice. As regards interpretation, not only in theory (which is rather scarce, especially in common law), but also in practice (the court verdicts in cases dealing with libel and slander) the important issue is not how the defamatory statement makes the person referred to feel, but the impression it is likely to make on those reading it (McBride, Bagshaw, 2008 in: Quinn, 2007:209). The subsequent analysis of particular cases in the practical part supports the above claim. Although it is reiterated by the Polish legal academics that civil regulations are not sufficient to guarantee legal protection of dignity, there is an equal or even greater amount of supporters of the broadly conceived “freedom of speech”. The discussion might be summarized as involving the proponents of liberal and democratic policies on the one hand, and those who wish to avoid complete decriminalization of libel and slander and deem them necessary components of balance in a democratic state
HABITAT UTILIZATION BY ASIATIC WILD ELEPHANT (ELEPHUS MAXIMUS) IN PARSA WILDLIFE RESERVE, NEPAL
Authors: Yadav B. R. , Dutta I. C. , Chilese M. K. , Williums Christy , Sharma B. K. 
Published: November 2014

During the habitat survey, elephants foot prints, dungs and dirct observations were performed alongeach sampling grid. GPS points of elephant's presence were recorded. Aiming to provide quantitativeanalysis of habitats, circular quadrats of 10 m, 2 m and 1m radius were used to collect informationabout trees, shrubs and herbs. Importance values of each species of trees were analyzed by addingrelative frequency, relative density and relative dominance. Name of each forest type was determinedfrom the sequencial order of the large Importance Values (IV) of tree species. Prominance valueswere calculated for shrubs and ground flora and were used for classification of the shrub and groundvegetation type. Higher area of the reserve was covered by the forest (85.9%) followed by agricultureand buildup land (5.1%), grassland (3%), water body (3%), riverbed (2%) and shrub land (1%),respectively. Based on the phyto-sociological combination, forests of this reserve incorporated fourtypes namely Sal with Tarai Mixed Hardwood, Sal, Tarai Mixed Hardwood and Riverine.Ample ofevidence found inside lowler part (Tarai, Bhabar and the base of Churia) of Parsa Wildlife Reserve. Asuitable habitat with palatable forages (eg, Mallotus philippinnesis, Bananas, bamboos and climbers)for wild elephants were found inside the reserve. These forests were used as prime habitat by theAsiatic wild elephant.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v20i0.11440ECOPRINTAn International Journal of EcologyVol. 20, 2013Page 41-52
ASSESSMENT OF PLANT DIVERSITY INDICES OF GOMATI RIPARIAN CORRIDORS IN DISTRICT JAUNPUR, INDIA
Authors: Singh Mayank , Singh M. P. 
Published: November 2014

Riparian ecosystems, the central elements in many landscapes, are described as an ecotone stretchedout across the landscape because of their shape diversity and function as filters and corridors still theyare most disturbed and threatened by humans. The present work deals with seasonal dynamics inplant diversity indices at two distinct sites (I and II) at ecotonal belts of River Gomati, Jaunpur (U.P.).The diversity indices of plant community have been computed on the basis of density values recordedfrom April, 2012 to March, 2013. Site I showed more species richness and evenness as compared tosite II. Shannon and Weaver, Evenness, Marglef’s, McIntosh and Menhinic diversity indices valueswere higher at site I compared to site II. In contrast, the concentration dominance showed highervalue at site II, whereas Simpson values of diversity have fluctuated in different seasons at both thesites (I and II). It finally deals to formulate strategies and methods for the management of plantdiversity and other natural resources based on various ecological studies, and logical grounds.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v20i0.11444ECOPRINTAn International Journal of EcologyVol. 20, 2013Page: 71-76
SCREENING OF VEGETABLES FOR PHYTOEXTRACTION OF HEAVY METALS
Authors: Kafle Baby Sharma 
Published: November 2014

To understand the phytoextraction of heavy metals from contaminated soil, eighteen seasonalvegetable crops were investigated. The soil was artificially contaminated each with 300 mg kg-1CuCl2, 500 mg kg-1 Pb (NO3)2, 800 mg kg-1 ZnCl2 or their mixed metal (1600 mg kg-1). Lowestcopper (Cu) accumulation was recorded in Brassica juncea and highest in Vicia faba, while lowestlead (Pb) accumulation in Solanum tuberosum, and highest in Allium fistulossum; and lowest zinc(Zn) accumulation in both Allium fistulossum and Solanum tuberosum, and highest was in Vicia fabafrom the single metal contamination. Similarly, lowest Cu, Pb and Zn was recorded in Brassicajuncea, Brassica caulorapa and Allium fistulossum, respectively; and highest accumulation of Cu andPb was in Spinacea oleracea and Zn in Spinacea oleracea from their mixed metal treatments.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v20i0.11469ECOPRINTAn International Journal of EcologyVol. 20, 2013page: 81-88
SOIL AND LEAF WATER POTENTIAL OF QUERCUS SEMECARPIFOLIA AT PHULCHOWKI HILL, NEPAL
Authors: Poudyal K. 
Published: November 2014

Quercus semecarpifolia is a high altitude oak and dominant species of central Himalayan vegetation.In the central Himalaya, plants are subjected to a prolonged dry period, thus developing moisturestress. Soil water potential at 15 cm and 30 cm depth, predawn and midday leaf water potential andtheir relationship with stomatal conductance and phenological behaviour was studied at PhulchowkiHill, Kathmandu to evaluate the drought adaptation strategy of Q. semecarpifolia in a pure stand at2130 m elevation. The natural ecosystem of Himalayan region has a characteristic climatic pattern ofconcentrated rainfall and a prolonged dry season which have a strong effect on the adaptability of thisspecies. It maintained a high predawn leaf water potential (ΨL pd) and stomatal conductance (gw)despite low soil water Ψ and ΨL pd . Lowest Ψs and ΨL pd were observed in March 1999, when therewas almost no rain for five months. Mean ΨL pd and ΨL md were (–1.79 and –2.29 MPa, respectively).Patterns of ΨL pd and ΨL md correlated significantly with soil Ψ, and phenology as ΨL pd oftenincreased during leafing but not with gw.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v20i0.11473ECOPRINT An International Journal of EcologyVol. 20, 2013page: 115-121
Converging-Diverging Flow in a Novel Extruder and its Application in Film Blowing
Authors: Yin X. C. , Tang B. , Yu Z. W. , Yang Z. T. , He G. J. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article proposes a novel extruder based on converging-diverging flow for polymer processing. The extruder is composed of four vane plasticizing and conveying units (VPCU) and three mixing units. The working principle of the new extruder is described in detail. Film was produced on this machine by using of CaCO3 filled LDPE composites. The film's mechanical properties were studied in terms of tensile strength and tear strength. The microstructure of the composites was studied in terms of SEM. The thermo-mechanical history of the material suffered in this extruder can be remarkably shortened in contrast to a single screw extruder with the same maximum output. Experimental results showed that the die pressure has little effect on output. More CaCO3 can be filled into the blend without degrading the parts performance.
Modeling of Plasticating Injection Molding – Experimental Assessment
Authors: Fernandes C. , Pontes A. J. , Viana J. C. , Nóbrega J. M. , Gaspar-Cunha A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
A computational model for the description of polymer flow during the plasticating phase of the injection molding process is proposed. The polymer behavior is determined during the dynamic and static phases of the process. The model takes into account the backwards movement of the screw, the presence of a non-return valve and the conduction of heat during the idle times. Results for the dynamic and static phases of the plasticization are presented. The model is also used to study the influence of some important operative process parameters, such as, screw speed, backpressure, barrel temperatures and injection chamber length. The assessment of the computational results is made experimentally by comparing the average temperature calculated with measurements made in front of the screw nozzle using both, an IR camera and an IR thermometer. The differences between the computational and the IR camera measurements are below 5%.
Thermal Properties and Morphology Characteristics of a PP Mono-Filament and its Foam
Authors: Chuapon N. , Naithanom O. , Sato Y. , Areerat S. , Ito H. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The polypropylene (PP) mono-filament is an alternative material that can be used for insulation, packaging, and polymer composite applications. In this study, PP mono-filaments were prepared by extrusion free-fall at temperatures of 190, 200, and 210°C through a micro extrusion die with a diameter of 900 μm. The free-fall speeds of the filament were controlled by a gear pump driving at speeds ranging from 12.5 to 20.0 min−1, and the extrudates were cooled at room temperature. The PP mono-filaments were subsequently foamed by a batch foaming process with sc-CO2 as the blowing agent at foaming temperatures of 165, 170, 175 and 180°C. The thermal properties and crystallinity of the prepared filaments and their foams were investigated using a DSC. The foam morphology and isotropic foam properties were characterized by SEM micrographs. The results show that the various morphologies of the PP mono-filament foams deviated from the isotropic foam behavior and had isotropic foam index values in the range of 1.1 to 2.3. In addition, the PP mono-filament that was foamed at 175°C expanded in the longitudinal direction and exhibited the highest expansion ratio, but its degree of crystallinity decreased compared to the mono-filaments. PP mono-filament foam represented a narrow crystallization temperature range and crystallization time than mono-filament and tended to a faster crystalline growth.
A review of the brittle ice zone in polar ice cores
Authors: Neff Peter D. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractMaintaining ice-core quality through the brittle ice zone (BIZ) remains challenging for polar ice-core studies. At depth, increasing ice overburden pressurizes trapped air bubbles, causing fracture of cores upon exposure to atmospheric pressure. Fractured ice cores degrade analyses, reducing resolution and causing contamination. BIZ encounters at 18 sites across the Greenland, West and East Antarctic ice sheets are documented. The BIZ begins at a mean depth of 545 ± 162 m (1 standard deviation), extending to depths where ductile clathrate ice is reached: an average of 1132 ± 178 m depth. Ice ages in this zone vary with snow accumulation rate and ice thickness, beginning as young as 2 ka BP at Dye-3, Greenland, affecting ice >160 ka BP in age at Taylor Dome, Antarctica, and compromising up to 90% of retrieved samples at intermediate-depth sites. Effects of pressure and temperature on the BIZ are explored using modeled firn-column overburden pressure and borehole temperatures, revealing complex associations between firn densification and BIZ depth, and qualitatively supporting expected thinning of the BIZ at low ice temperatures due to shallower clathrate stability. Mitigating techniques for drilling, transport, sampling and analysis of brittle ice cores are also discussed.
Modelling the evolution of Vadret da Morteratsch, Switzerland, since the Little Ice Age and into the future
Authors: Zekollari Harry , Fürst Johannes Jakob , Huybrechts Philippe 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe use a 3-D higher-order glacier flow model for Vadret da Morteratsch, Engadin, Switzerland, to simulate its strong retreat since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA) and to project its future disintegration under a warming climate. The flow model, coupled to a 2-D energy-balance model, is initialized with the known maximum glacier extent during the LIA and subsequently forced with mean monthly precipitation and temperature records. To correctly reproduce the observed retreat of the glacier front for the period 1864–2010, additional mass-balance perturbations are required to account for uncertainties in the initial state, the mass-balance model and climate variations not captured by the ambient meteorological records. Changes in glacier volume and area are in good agreement with additional information from historical topographic maps. Under constant 2001–10 climate conditions, a strong retreat and mass loss continue and Vadret da Morteratsch disconnects from its main tributary, Vadret Pers, before 2020. The future glacier evolution is analysed in detail to understand the timing and rate of retreat, and to assess the role of ice dynamics. Assuming a linearly increasing warming of >3°C by 2100, only isolated and largely stagnant ice patches remain at high elevation.