bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perceived learned skills and professional development of graduates from a master in dental public health programme
Authors: Aslam S. , Delgado‐Angulo E. K. , Bernabé E. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionAssessing the impact of a training programme is important for quality assurance and further development. It also can helps with accountability and marketing purposes. This study evaluated the impact of King's College London (KCL) Master of Science programme in Dental Public Health in terms of graduates' perceived learned skills and professional development.MethodsAn online questionnaire was sent to individuals who completed successfully the KCL Master of Science programme in Dental Public Health and had a valid email address. Participants provided information on demographic characteristics, perceived learned skills (intellectual, practical and generic) and professional development (type of organisation, position in the organisation and functions performed at work before and after the programme). Learned skills' scores were compared by demographic factors in multiple linear regression models, and the distribution of responses on career development was compared using nonparametric tests for paired groups.ResultsAlthough all scores on learned skills were on the favourable side of the Likert scale, graduates reported higher scores for practical skills, followed by intellectual and generic skills. No differences in scores were found by sex, age, nationality or time since graduation. In terms of career development, there were significantly higher proportions of graduates working in higher education institutions and taking leadership/managerial roles in organisations as well as greater number and variety of functions at work after than before the programme.ConclusionThis online survey shows that the programme has had a positive impact on graduates in terms of perceived learned skills and professional development.
Psychometric integrity of the Chinese Happiness Inventory among retired older people in Taiwan
Authors: Chiang Hui‐Hsun , Lin Lin , Lee Tony Szu‐Hsien 
Published: August 2015

AimHappiness is an important indicator of mental and physical health. It has been emphasized as one kind of well‐being, and its definition varies from culture to culture. The main objective of the present study was to examine the psychometric integrity and dimensions of the Chinese Happiness Inventory (CHI) in relation to scores on Ryff's Psychological Well‐Being Scale among retired older people in Taiwan.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was carried out at social service centers in Taipei, Taiwan. Retired adults gave informed consent from September to November 2010, and completed a package of structured questionnaires measuring happiness and psychological well‐being. Internal consistency, the factor structure of the CHI and criterion validity were assessed.ResultsResults from an exploratory factor analysis showed a three‐factor solution for the CHI. These factors were named Positive Affect, Life Satisfaction and Interpersonal Relationships. Internal consistency coefficients were 0.95 (Positive Affect), 0.91 (Life Satisfaction), 0.85 (Interpersonal Relationships) and 0.97 (total scale). The results of a canonical correlation analysis showed the presence of a strong relationship between CHI and Ryff's Psychological Well‐Being Scale (r = 0.69), and that two canonical variates could be derived from the relationship between them.ConclusionsThe results show that the CHI is a three‐dimensional scale with high reliability and validity. The construct of happiness emphasizes relationships in relation to others and environment rather than autonomy in this sample. Although the components of happiness might be similar for Positive Affect and Life Satisfaction, their weights for Interpersonal Relationships should be considered when measuring happiness in different cultures. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 865–872.
Learning to teach: how a formal teaching qualification improved our practice
Authors: Lipczynska Sonya , Crowley Clare 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this article, guest writers Sonya Lipczynska and Clare Crowley from King's College London discuss the learning that occurred when they undertook a Postgraduate Certificate in Academic Practice in Higher Education (PGCAPHE). In particular, they identify how their exploration of relevant learning and teaching theory on the course helped them to evaluate their library instruction teaching practice with medical and dental students. They highlight how they made changes and improvements to the delivery of these sessions based on greater consideration of inclusivity and the characteristics of both individuals and broader student groups. They also discuss the successes of new teaching practices that they experimented with, and reflect on how they have developed as educators as a result of this.H.S.
Predictors of the authenticity of Internet health rumours
Authors: Zhang Zili , Zhang Ziqiong , Li Hengyun 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe Internet is becoming an important source of health information; however, unverified health rumours may be included in health‐related search results. There is a critical need to provide health information seekers with methods that are specifically geared towards the identification of the authenticity of health rumours.MethodsUsing 453 health rumours collected from a definitive online reference of rumours in China, this study investigates which features contribute to distinguishing between true and false rumours with a logistic regression model.ResultsThere are measurable differences between true and false health rumours on the Internet. The lengths of rumour headlines and statements and the presence of pictures are negatively correlated to the probability that a rumour is true, whereas a rumour is more likely to be true if it contains elements such as numbers, source cues and hyperlinks. Finally, dread health rumours are more likely to be true than wish ones.ConclusionsDespite the growing number of studies on rumours, the identification of the authenticity of rumours has received little attention. This study proposes some rules of thumb to help online users ascertain rumour veracity and make decisions.
Analysis of NSCLC tumour heterogeneity, proliferative and 18F‐FDG PET indices reveals Ki67 prognostic role in adenocarcinomas
Authors: Del Gobbo Alessandro , Pellegrinelli Alessio , Gaudioso Gabriella , Castellani Massimo , Zito Marino Federica , Franco Renato , Palleschi Alessandro , Nosotti Mario , Bosari Silvano , Vaira Valentina , Ferrero Stefano 
Published: August 2015

AimsThe role of tumour metabolic and proliferative indices in predicting non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients' prognosis is unclear. We correlated fluorine 18 (18F)‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)‐positron emission tomography (PET) value and Ki67 index to patients' survival, taking into account tumour heterogeneity, disease characteristics and genetic aberrations.Methods and resultsA series of 383 NSCLCs was arranged into tissue microarrays and Ki67 staining was analysed by immunohistochemistry. The maximum standardized uptake (SUVMAX) value detected by 18F‐FDG‐PET analysis was calculated over a region of interest. Large‐cell and squamous cell carcinomas had higher proliferative and metabolic activities than adenocarcinomas, and the two measures were correlated significantly. The hot‐spot Ki67 value was correlated with patients' survival and the cut‐off to discriminate patients in the survival risk groups was 20%. Ki67 hot‐spot values were greater in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearranged tumours. Adenocarcinomas showed the highest intratumour heterogeneity in proliferative activity and the hot‐spot Ki67 value predicted only the prognosis of patients in this group. Although tumour metabolic activity was not associated with patients' prognosis, a SUVMAX > 2 was related to nodal metastases, tumour size and grade.ConclusionsOur results highlight how tumour heterogeneity influences evaluation of prognostic biomarkers. Our data support Ki67 evaluation to estimate NSCLC patients' prognosis, particularly for adenocarcinoma.
Advocacy networks, choice and private schooling of the poor in India
Authors: NAMBISSAN GEETHA B. , BALL STEPHEN J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article is about the flows of rhetorics and discourses, particularly those that advocate choice and private schooling, and the role that transnational advocacy networks play in managing and driving these flows. We explore a set of network relations between advocacy groups in the UK and the USA and local ‘choice’ advocates in India, and some of the emerging impacts of local and transnational advocacy on the politics of education and education policy in India. The network advocates school choice and private schooling as solutions to the problem of achieving universal, high‐quality primary education. Individual policy entrepreneurs are active in making these connections and circulating ideas. A complex of funding, exchange, cross‐referencing, dissemination and mutual sponsorship links the Indian choice and privatization advocacy network, and connects it to other countries in a global network for neoliberalism.
The multiplicity of citizenship: transnational and local practices and identifications of middle‐class migrants
Authors: VAN BOCHOVE MARIANNE , RUSINOVIC KATJA , ENGBERSEN GODFRIED 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this article we focus on local and transnational forms of active citizenship, understood as the sum of all political practices and processes of identification. Our study, conducted among middle‐class immigrants in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, indicates that the importance of active transnational citizenship should not be overstated. Among these immigrants, political practices are primarily focused on the local level; political practices directed to the home country appear to be quite rare. However, although transnational activities in the public sphere are rather exceptional, many immigrants do participate in homeland‐directed activities in the private sphere. If we look at processes of identification, we see that a majority of the middle‐class immigrants have a strong local identity. Many of them combine this local identification with feelings of belonging to people in their home country.
Transnational familyhood and the liquid life paths of South Americans in the UK
Authors: GIRALT ROSA MAS , BAILEY ADRIAN J. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn this article, we explore the nature of identity in the contemporary transnational family. To do this we extend lifecourse scholarship by considering Bauman's liquid modernity thesis and introducing the concept of a liquid life path. Original empirical examples drawn from our work among South American migrants and their families living in London and northern England illustrate diverse patterns of identification; everyday practices and social norms associated with maintaining split families, including parenting and remitting, coalesce around liquid life paths. We describe how these life paths turn on and reproduce a set of spatial and temporal imaginaries. We also reflect on the implications of these fluid imaginaries for our understanding of transnational familyhood.
Tangible transnational links in the houses of Italian immigrants in Melbourne
Authors: LEVIN IRIS , FINCHER RUTH 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe transnational immigrant home is understood analytically, in an extensive literature, as a mobile construct that is not necessarily confined in its application to a single locale or building. The home has significant symbolic meaning for transnationals, as well as referring to their places of residence. In this study, however, we explore the physical structure of the transnational immigrant home and its materiality – the house. We examine two distinct types of homes of Italian immigrants in Melbourne – their past houses in Italy and their current houses in Melbourne. We argue that these houses form tangible links within Italian–Australian social space, and are parts of a network that constructs this transnational space. It is necessary to consider the actual materiality of such houses in order to extend the common understanding of ‘home’, seeing it not only as an abstract idea but also as a specifically located tangible structure and an active participant in the formation of transnational social spaces.
New Caledonia: a Pleistocene refugium for rain forest lineages of relict angiosperms
Authors: Pouteau Robin , Trueba Santiago , Feild Taylor S. , Isnard Sandrine 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimIn New Caledonia, relictual angiosperm lineages are over‐represented. However, the mechanisms responsible for such a distribution remain unclear. Two key hypotheses are that: (1) the diversity reflects adaptation to ultramafic substrates that ecologically filtered plant colonists; and (2) the diversity stems from wet climatic conditions that have persisted in New Caledonia during the late Quaternary while Australia and some nearby islands experienced widespread extinction events. Here, we investigate which hypothesis better explains the disharmony of relict angiosperms in New Caledonia.LocationNew Caledonia (South West Pacific Ocean).MethodsWe built species distribution models from herbarium data to determine the environmental correlates for 60 relict angiosperm taxa. Environmental variables used to characterize habitats included vegetation, substrate, and climate variables. We then tested whether the variety of xylem conduit structures borne by New Caledonian relict angiosperms, which is expected to affect plant hydraulic capacity, was correlated with habitat preference. Finally, we analysed species prevalence on different substrates and projected habitat size and distribution to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).ResultsWe found a clear habitat preference among relict angiosperms for rain forests located on non‐ultramafic substrates, with the exception of taxa bearing true vessels with simple perforation plates, which harboured a wider habitat breadth. We also showed that these rain forest habitats experienced a range reduction and an eastward shift during the LGM, forming two refugial areas located on the warm and rainy east coast of Grande Terre.Main conclusionsPrevalence of relict angiosperms in habitats characterized by low evaporative demand appears to be related to xylem hydraulic limitations. The disharmony of relict angiosperms in New Caledonia therefore arose from the persistence of rain forests in the island despite global fluctuations in climate during the Quaternary that affected floras in the region. Our study offers a new model to explain why certain angiosperm families are disharmonically represented in New Caledonia.
Human papillomavirus status, anal cytology and histopathological outcome in HIV‐positive patients
Authors: Dietrich A. , Hermans C. , Heppt M.V. , Ruzicka T. , Schauber J. , Reinholz M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundHuman papillomavirus (HPV) are responsible for a broad spectrum of mucocutaneous infections and may cause squamous cell carcinoma following long‐standing infection . Oncogenic HPV, most commonly HPV 16, are detectable in over 90% of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is strongly associated with a higher prevalence of chronic HPV infection, a higher incidence of AIN and an increased risk for anal cancer (AC). In September 2013, guidelines concerning prevention, screening and treatment of AIN for patients affected by HIV were issued by the German AIDS society.ObjectiveIn order to validate the suggested screening procedure, we analysed data from 123 male and female patients with HIV infection that regularly present in our outpatient clinic.MethodsAnal cytology, HPV typing and high‐resolution anoscopy (HRA) were performed.ResultsOur results show that screening by anal cytology only identifies a minority of patients with high grade AIN (AIN 3) histology. Patients with normal cytology (NILM, cytology graded negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy; n = 5, 29.4%), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS; n = 5, 71.4%) and low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL; n = 8, 44.5%) showed highly dysplastic lesions (AIN 2 and 3) in the histological workup more frequently than expected. Additionally, high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was strongly associated with detection of high‐risk oncogenic HPV.ConclusionAnal cytology as the solitary screening tool for anal cancer fails to detect anal dysplasia in a considerable number of patients. Additionally, HPV typing and possibly further biomarkers might be applied to identify those patients with a higher risk of developing anal carcinoma, in order to monitor them more closely or directly transfer them to HRA.
Differences in patient and physician assessment of a dynamic patient reported outcome tool for chronic pruritus
Authors: Fritz F. , Blome C. , Augustin M. , Koch R. , Ständer S. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundChronic pruritus is a subjective symptom, mainly measured through patient reported outcomes. Our aim is to assess two different methods regarding the change of symptoms: a visual dynamic pruritus score (vDPS) documented by patients, and a numerical value (nDPS) documented by physicians.MethodsInferential statistics and reliability analyses have been performed on data collected in 2013.ResultsData of 701 patients were analysed (45.6% males, 54.4% females, mean age 60 ± 16 years). The nDPS showed less extreme and generally lower values than the vDPS. There was a slight concordance between both methods; the highest concordance was seen for no/weak change and very good reduction.ConclusionThe difference between patient and physician assessed same score points to an important bias in pruritus assessment which has to be taken into account especially in clinical trials. Though further studies are needed, the patient‐based assessment seems to be less biased by a social desirability effect.
Inhibition of 2-methoxyestradiol glucuronidation by probenecid
Authors: Qian Yuli , Sherbini Ahmad , Matin Bahar , Zhao Yanli , Castellot John , Greenblatt David J 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Objectives
2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), a metabolite of estradiol, has antitumour activity in vitro. However, potential clinical applicability has been limited by low oral bioavailability. Probenecid was evaluated in vitro as an inhibitor of 2ME2 glucuronidation for purposes of enhancing 2ME2 oral bioavailability.

Methods
Human liver microsomes were used to determine kinetic parameters for transformation of 2ME2 to its glucuronide metabolites (M1, M2) and inhibition of the reactions by probenecid.

Key findings
M1 and M2 formation from 2ME2 proceeded with features of substrate inhibition. Probenecid inhibited metabolite formation, with mean inhibition constant (Ki) values of 0.9 and 2.6 mM, respectively. Inhibition was reversible, with mixed competitive–non-competitive characteristics.

Conclusion
The Ki values for probenecid inhibition of 2ME2 glucuronide formation, when compared to maximum probenecid plasma concentrations anticipated clinically, indicate that probenecid co-administration has the potential to augment systemic plasma levels of 2ME2 after oral dosage in humans.
Mechanistic insight into the dramatic improvement of probucol dissolution in neutral solutions by solid dispersion in Eudragit E PO with saccharin
Authors: Higashi Kenjirou , Seo Atsunori , Egami Kiichi , Otsuka Naoya , Limwikrant Waree , Yamamoto Keiji , Moribe Kunikazu 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Objectives
Solid dispersion using Eudragit E PO (EPO) improves the dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs in acidic solutions; however, the dissolution extremely decreases in neutral solutions. In this report, ternary solid dispersions containing probucol (PBC), EPO, and saccharin (SAC) were prepared to enable high drug dissolution at neutral pH.

Methods
Cryogenic-grinding was used to obtain ternary solid dispersions. Dissolution tests at neutral pH values were conducted to confirm the usefulness of the cryogenic-ground mixture (cryo-GM). The molecular state of each component and intermolecular interactions in the ternary cryo-GM were evaluated using powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and 13C solid-state NMR including spin-lattice relaxation time evaluation.

Key findings
PBC dispersed in ternary cryo-GM had an improved dissolution in neutral solutions. PBC and SAC were in amorphous states in EPO polymer matrices. The weak hydrophobic interaction between PBC and EPO and the ionic bond or hydrogen bond between EPO and SAC were demonstrated. These two molecular interactions improved the dissolution of PBC in neutral solutions.

Conclusion
Preparation of ternary solid dispersion is a potential method of improving drug solubility and absorption.
Use of Hormone Testing for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Male Hypogonadism and Monitoring of Testosterone Therapy: Application of Hormone Testing Guideline Recommendations in Clinical Practice
Authors: Muram David , Zhang Xiang , Cui Zhanglin , Matsumoto Alvin M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Clinical practice guidelines recommend that testosterone (T) levels be measured on ≥2 occasions to confirm a diagnosis of hypogonadism, gonadotropins be measured to determine whether hypogonadism is primary or secondary, and T levels be measured to monitor the adequacy of T therapy. However, it is not known whether hormone testing as recommended by guidelines is routinely performed in real-world clinical practice.

Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the use of hormone testing for the diagnosis and evaluation of hypogonadism and monitoring of T therapy in clinical practice.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study of the Truven Health Marketscan® Commercial and Medicare Supplemental Insurance Databases during 2010–2012, 63,534 men over 18 years old who received T therapy and had continuous medical benefit enrollment for 1 year prior to and 6 months after T therapy initiation were included in this analysis.

Main Outcome Measures
Proportion of patients who received ≥2, 1, or no T-level determinations prior to or following T therapy initiation.

Results
Seventy-one percent of hypogonadal men had T measured at least once and 40% had ≥ 2 tests, but only 12% of men had luteinizing hormone and/or follicle-stimulating hormone levels measured prior to T therapy initiation. Following T therapy initiation, 46% had ≥1 follow-up T measurements.

Conclusions
Appropriate use of T and gonadotropin levels in clinical practice as recommended by guidelines is suboptimal, increasing the possibility of overdiagnosis of male hypogonadism, underdiagnosis of secondary hypogonadism, and inappropriate T therapy use and management. Further investigation is needed into reasons for nonadherence to guidelines for appropriate hormone testing to inform future quality improvement efforts.