bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case Series: Long segment extra-arachnoid fluid collections: Role of dynamic CT myelography in diagnosis and treatment planning
Authors: Ellika Shehanaz , Marin Horia , Pace Mitchell , Newman Daniel , Abdulhak Muwaffak , Kole Maximilian 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe report five patients in whom spinal MRI revealed extra-arachnoid fluid collections. These spinal fluid collections most likely resulted from accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a dural leak. The patients presented with either compressive myelopathy due to the cyst or superficial siderosis (SS). All of these fluid collections were long segment, and MRI demonstrated the fluid collections but not the exact site of leak. Dynamic CT myelogram demonstrated the site of leak and helped in the management of these complicated cases. Moreover, we also found that the epicenter of the fluid collection on MRI was different from the location of the leak on a dynamic CT myelogram. Knowledge of these associations can be helpful when selecting the imaging studies to facilitate diagnosis and treatment.
Teaching Environmental Education in Raising Pupils’ Environmental Awareness: A Process Approach
Authors: Alaya-Ay Gaudencio M. , Cuizon Rolando C. , Tagum Exequel Tadeo 
Published: September 2012

This study aimed at determining the level of community environmental awareness and concept among selected Grade VI pupils in Northeast II-A Central School and Catalino Sumile Memorial School, Dalipuga, Iligan City, Philippines. The former was taught environmental concepts through process approach using video and hands-on while the latter the traditional classroom instruction method. This study utilized the descriptive-correlational and inferential research design since the relationship and the differences between respondents’ profile and their community environment awareness level were tested at the 0.05 level of significance. The study utilized the following statistical techniques to analyze the gathered data: frequency and percentages, mean, standard deviation, likelihood ratio test, independent T-test and F-test. Findings reveal that there is a significant difference between the posttest results of the two groups wherein the process approach created better posttest results than the traditional approach. It also showed that the family income and the parent’s educational attainment have significant relationship with the posttest results of the respondents. Therefore, using process approach in teaching environmental concepts produces better academic achievement in pupils. It is also one way of increasing community environmental awareness in pupils whose young minds can be molded to become environmental advocates assuring sustainable future for next generations. Keywords – process approach in teaching, environmental awareness, environmental education
Metabolic dialogues: regulators of chimeric antigen receptor T cell function in the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Moraly Josquin , Kondo Taisuke , Benzaoui Mehdi , DuSold Justyn , Talluri Sohan , Pouzolles Marie C. , Chien Christopher , Dardalhon Valérie , Taylor Naomi 
Published: June 2024

Tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have demonstrated remarkable success in the treatment of relapsed/refractory melanoma and hematological malignancies, respectively. These treatments have marked a pivotal shift in cancer management. However, as “living drugs,” their effectiveness is dependent on their ability to proliferate and persist in patients. Recent studies indicate that the mechanisms regulating these crucial functions, as well as the T cell's differentiation state, are conditioned by metabolic shifts and the distinct utilization of metabolic pathways. These metabolic shifts, conditioned by nutrient availability as well as cell surface expression of metabolite transporters, are coupled to signaling pathways and the epigenetic landscape of the cell, modulating transcriptional, translational, and post‐translational profiles. In this review, we discuss the processes underlying the metabolic remodeling of activated T cells, the impact of a tumor metabolic environment on T cell function, and potential metabolic‐based strategies to enhance T cell immunotherapy.
Implementation of an ionization chamber array for linear accelerator monthly dosimetry QA
Authors: Taneja Sameer , Barbee David L. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeThe IC Profiler (ICP) manufactured by Sun Nuclear Corporation (SNC) is an ionization chamber (IC) array used for linear accelerator dosimetry measurements. Previous work characterized response of the ICP under various conditions, but there is limited work of its implementation into monthly QA measurement procedures. This work quantifies ICP accuracy and variables that affect accuracy for beam output measurements, and demonstrates feasibility of using the ICP for all recommended monthly dosimetry measurements.MethodsA total of 1985 output measurements on six Varian TrueBeam and Edge linear accelerators were performed using three ICP with quad wedges (QWs) and were compared with conventional IC measurements. The accuracy of the ICP for beam output was characterized as the difference between the ICP and IC. Variables that affect ICP accuracy, including gain settings, calibrations, and template baselining as well as machine or energy‐specific bias were investigated. Measurements of profile constancy, energy, dose rate constancy, wedge factors, and gating were performed.ResultsThe initially observed mean output difference between the ICP and IC was 0.16% (0.61%). When gain settings were optimized, the output difference accuracy improved to −0.02% (0.38%). The output accuracy of the ICP was not dependent on array, dose, temperature and pressure calibrations, or template baselining. Statistically, ICP output accuracy was dependent on machine and beam energy, but clinically, all measurements fell within 0.5% of unity. ICP measurements of energy, dose rate constancy, and wedge factors matched passing results with conventional IC in water measurements. Gating and beam profile constancy measurements demonstrated good stability using the ICP. Finally, monthly dosimetry QA using ICP was completed in an average of 33 min compared to 66 min using the IC.ConclusionThis work demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of using the ICP, with specific considerations, as a measurement device for dosimetric linear accelerator monthly QA.
Radiomics as a measure superior to common similarity metrics for tumor segmentation performance evaluation
Authors: Akramova Rukhsora , Watanabe Yoichi 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPurposeTo propose radiomics features as a superior measure for evaluating the segmentation ability of physicians and auto‐segmentation tools and to compare its performance with the most commonly used metrics: Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), surface Dice similarity coefficient (sDSC), and Hausdorff distance (HD).Materials/methodsThe data of 10 lung cancer patients’ CT images with nine tumor segmentations per tumor were downloaded from the RIDER (Reference Database to Evaluate Response) database. Radiomics features of 90 segmented tumors were extracted using the PyRadiomics program. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of radiomics features were used to evaluate the segmentation similarity and compare their performance with DSC, sDSC, and HD. We calculated one ICC per radiomics feature and per tumor for nine segmentations and 36 ICCs per radiomics feature for 36 pairs of nine segmentations. Meanwhile, there were 360 DSC, sDSC, and HD values calculated for 36 pairs for 10 tumors.ResultsThe ICC of radiomics features exhibited greater sensitivity to segmentation changes than DSC and sDSC. The ICCs of the wavelet‐LLL first order Maximum, wavelet‐LLL glcm MCC, wavelet‐LLL glcm Cluster Shade features ranged from 0.130 to 0.997, 0.033 to 0.978, and 0.160 to 0.998, respectively. On the other hand, all DSC and sDSC were larger than 0.778 and 0.700, respectively, while HD varied from 0 to 1.9 mm. The results indicated that the radiomics features could capture subtle variations in tumor segmentation characteristics, which could not be easily detected by DSC and sDSC.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the superiority of radiomics features with ICC as a measure for evaluating a physician's tumor segmentation ability and the performance of auto‐segmentation tools. Radiomics features offer a more sensitive and comprehensive evaluation, providing valuable insights into tumor characteristics. Therefore, the new metrics can be used to evaluate new auto‐segmentation methods and enhance trainees' segmentation skills in medical training and education.
When Usual Care Is Not So Usual: Protocol Violations and Generalizability in a Treat‐to‐Target Strategy Trial in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: López‐Medina Clementina , van den Bosch Filip , van der Heijde Désirée , Dougados Maxime , Molto Anna 
Published: June 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of protocol violations in the treat‐to‐target group in the Tight Control in Spondyloarthritis (TICOSPA) trial and to compare the proportion of patients optimally treated according to the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS)/EULAR 2016 recommendations for patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) between the treat‐to‐target versus usual care (UC) arms.MethodsThis study was a cluster‐randomized, controlled 48‐week trial including patients with axSpA who fulfilled the ASAS criteria, had an Axial Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Score >2.1, and were biologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug naive. Eighteen axSpA expert centers were randomly allocated to one treatment arm: (a) treat‐to‐target prespecified management strategy (four‐week visits), and (b) UC treatment decisions at the rheumatologist's discretion (12‐week visits). Protocol violations in the treat‐to‐target arm and the fulfillment of the 2016 ASAS/EULAR recommendations in both arms were evaluated at every visit. ASAS Health Index (ASAS‐HI) and disease activity outcomes at 48 weeks were compared between treat‐to‐target violators versus nonviolators. Patients treated according to the ASAS/EULAR recommendations were compared between both arms.ResultsA total of 160 patients initiated the trial (80 patients with treat to target; 80 patients with UC). In the treat‐to‐target arm, 51.2% patients violated the protocol at least once (62.2% of violations resulting in maintenance/reduction of treatment against protocol). After 48 weeks, treat‐to‐target violators versus nonviolators showed similar ratios of ASAS‐HI improvement. The proportion of patients managed according to the ASAS/EULAR recommendations after the first 12 weeks were 63.9% versus 61.8% for the treat‐to‐target and UC arms, respectively.ConclusionProtocol violations in the treat‐to‐target arm in the TICOSPA trial were frequent, although they did not have an impact on the rate of the primary outcome. The groups with UC was optimally treated, partly explaining the nonachievement of the primary objective in the TICOSPA trial.
Heavy‐Metal‐Free Colloidal Quantum Dots: Progress and Opportunities in Solar Technologies
Authors: Jin Lei , Selopal Gurpreet Singh , Tong Xin , Perepichka Dmytro F. , Wang Zhiming M. , Rosei Federico 
Published: June 2024

AbstractColloidal quantum dots (QDs) hold great promise as building blocks in solar technologies owing to their remarkable photostability and adjustable properties through the rationale involving size, atomic composition of core and shell, shapes, and surface states. However, most high‐performing QDs in solar conversion contain hazardous metal elements, including Cd and Pb, posing significant environmental risks. Here, a comprehensive review of heavy‐metal‐free colloidal QDs for solar technologies, including photovoltaic (PV) devices, solar‐to‐chemical fuel conversion, and luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), is presented. Emerging synthetic strategies to optimize the optical properties by tuning the energy band structure and manipulating charge dynamics within the QDs and at the QDs/charge acceptors interfaces, are analyzed. A comparative analysis of different synthetic methods is provided, structure‐property relationships in these materials are discussed, and they are correlated with the performance of solar devices. This work is concluded with an outlook on challenges and opportunities for future work, including machine learning‐based design, sustainable synthesis, and new surface/interface engineering.
Highly Reversible Tin Film Anode Guided via Interfacial Coordination Effect for High Energy Aqueous Acidic Batteries
Authors: Xu Diyu , Zhang Haozhe , Xie Jinhao , Zhou Lijun , Yang Fan , Ma Jianfeng , Yu Yanxia , Wang Guizhen , Lu Xihong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSn metal is a preferable choice as anode material for aqueous acidic batteries due to its acid‐tolerance, non‐toxicity, and ease of recycling. However, the large size and irregular deposition morphology of polyhedral Sn particles are bad for constructing stable and high‐capacity Sn metal anode because of severe hydrogen evolution and metal shedding. To tackle this critical issue, 4‐tert‐octylphenol pentaethoxylate (POPE) is used as an electrolyte additive to generate a thin‐film Sn anode with reversible stripping/plating behavior. POPE can not only induce homogeneous surface chemistry by adsorbing on the Sn surface via coordination bonds but also inhibit hydrogen evolution by modulating the solvation shell of Sn2+. The Sn film anode delivers improved electrochemical stability over 480 h with satisfactory rate performance and low polarization. Moreover, the as‐assembled PbO2//Sn battery can also provide outstanding durability at 10 mAh cm−2. This work offers new inspiration for developing a reversible Sn metal film anode.
NINJ1 Facilitates Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation via Blocking TLR4‐ANXA2 Interaction and Enhancing Macrophage Infiltration
Authors: Wu Zhaoyu , Xu Zhijue , Pu Hongji , Ding Ang'ang , Hu Jiateng , Lei Jiahao , Zeng Chenlin , Qiu Peng , Qin Jinbao , Wu Xiaoyu , Li Bo , Wang Xin , Lu Xinwu 
Published: June 2024

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common and potentially life‐threatening condition. Chronic aortic inflammation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of AAA. Nerve injury‐induced protein 1 (NINJ1) is increasingly acknowledged as a significant regulator of the inflammatory process. However, the precise involvement of NINJ1 in AAA formation remains largely unexplored. The present study finds that the expression level of NINJ1 is elevated, along with the specific expression level in macrophages within human and angiotensin II (Ang II)‐induced murine AAA lesions. Furthermore, Ninj1flox/flox and Ninj1flox/floxLyz2‐Cre mice on an ApoE−/− background are generated, and macrophage NINJ1 deficiency inhibits AAA formation and reduces macrophage infiltration in mice infused with Ang II. Consistently, in vitro suppressing the expression level of NINJ1 in macrophages significantly restricts macrophage adhesion and migration, while attenuating macrophage pro‐inflammatory responses. Bulk RNA‐sequencing and pathway analysis uncover that NINJ1 can modulate macrophage infiltration through the TLR4/NF‐κB/CCR2 signaling pathway. Protein‐protein interaction analysis indicates that NINJ1 can activate TLR4 by competitively binding with ANXA2, an inhibitory interacting protein of TLR4. These findings reveal that NINJ1 can modulate AAA formation by promoting macrophage infiltration and pro‐inflammatory responses, highlighting the potential of NINJ1 as a therapeutic target for AAA.
Bioactive Patch for Rotator Cuff Repairing via Enhancing Tendon‐to‐Bone Healing: A Large Animal Study and Short‐Term Outcome of a Clinical Trial
Authors: Kang Yuhao , Wang Liren , Zhang Shihao , Liu Bowen , Gao Haihan , Jin Haocheng , Xiao Lan , Zhang Guoyang , Li Yulin , Jiang Jia , Zhao Jinzhong 
Published: June 2024

AbstractTissue engineering has demonstrated its efficacy in promoting tissue regeneration, and extensive research has explored its application in rotator cuff (RC) tears. However, there remains a paucity of research translating from bench to clinic. A key challenge in RC repair is the healing of tendon–bone interface (TBI), for which bioactive materials suitable for interface repair are still lacking. The umbilical cord (UC), which serves as a vital repository of bioactive components in nature, is emerging as an important source of tissue engineering materials. A minimally manipulated approach is used to fabricate UC scaffolds that retain a wealth of bioactive components and cytokines. The scaffold demonstrates the ability to modulate the TBI healing microenvironment by facilitating cell proliferation, migration, suppressing inflammation, and inducing chondrogenic differentiation. This foundation sets the stage for in vivo validation and clinical translation. Following implantation of UC scaffolds in the canine model, comprehensive assessments, including MRI and histological analysis confirm their efficacy in inducing TBI reconstruction. Encouraging short‐term clinical results further suggest the ability of UC scaffolds to effectively enhance RC repair. This investigation explores the mechanisms underlying the promotion of TBI repair by UC scaffolds, providing key insights for clinical application and translational research.
Circulating Small Extracellular Vesicles Involved in Systemic Regulation Respond to RGC Degeneration in Glaucoma
Authors: Li Tong , Zhang Wen‐Meng , Wang Jie , Liu Bai‐Jing , Gao Qiao , Zhang Jing , Qian Hai‐Dong , Pan Jun‐Yi , Liu Ming , Huang Qing , Fang Ai‐Wu , Zhang Qi , Gong Xian‐Hui , Cui Ren‐Zhe , Liang Yuan‐Bo , Lu Qin‐Kang , Wu Wen‐Can , Chi Zai‐Long 
Published: June 2024

AbstractGlaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide and is characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration and vision loss. Since irreversible neurodegeneration occurs before diagnosable, early diagnosis and effective neuroprotection are critical for glaucoma management. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are demonstrated to be potential novel biomarkers and therapeutics for a variety of diseases. In this study, it is found that intravitreal injection of circulating plasma‐derived sEVs (PDEV) from glaucoma patients ameliorated retinal degeneration in chronic ocular hypertension (COH) mice. Moreover, it is found that PDEV‐miR‐29s are significantly upregulated in glaucoma patients and are associated with visual field defects in progressed glaucoma. Subsequently, in vivo and in vitro experiments are conducted to investigate the possible function of miR‐29s in RGC pathophysiology. It is showed that the overexpression of miR‐29b‐3p effectively prevents RGC degeneration in COH mice and promotes the neuronal differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Interestingly, engineered sEVs with sufficient miR‐29b‐3p delivery exhibit more effective RGC protection and neuronal differentiation efficiency. Thus, elevated PDEV‐miR‐29s may imply systemic regulation to prevent RGC degeneration in glaucoma patients. This study provides new insights into PDEV‐based glaucoma diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.
Lipid‐Polymer Nanoparticles Mediate Compartmentalized Delivery of Cas9 and sgRNA for Glioblastoma Vasculature and Immune Reprogramming
Authors: Zhang Huaqing , Jiang Wenxin , Song Tingting , Song Mingjie , Liu Shengyu , Zhou Jianping , Cheng Hao , Ding Yang 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHypervascularized glioblastoma is naturally sensitive to anti‐angiogenesis but suffers from low efficacy of transient vasculature normalization. In this study, a lipid‐polymer nanoparticle is synthesized to execute compartmentalized Cas9 and sgRNA delivery for a permanent vasculature editing strategy by knocking out the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The phenylboronic acid branched cationic polymer is designed to condense sgRNA electrostatically (inner compartment) and patch Cas9 coordinatively (outer compartment), followed by liposomal hybridization with angiopep‐2 decoration for blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration. The lipid‐polymer nanoparticles can reach glioblastoma within 2 h post intravenous administration, and hypoxia in tumor cells triggers charge‐elimination and degradation of the cationic polymer for burst release of Cas9 and sgRNA, accompanied by instant Cas9 RNP assembly, yielding ≈50% STAT3 knockout. The downregulation of downstream vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) reprograms vasculature normalization to improve immune infiltration, collaborating with interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) reduction to develop anti‐glioblastoma responses. Collectively, the combinational assembly for compartmentalized Cas9/sgRNA delivery provides a potential solution in glioblastoma therapy.
X‐Ray Multibeam Ptychography at up to 20 keV: Nano‐Lithography Enhances X‐Ray Nano‐Imaging
Authors: Li Tang , Kahnt Maik , Sheppard Thomas L. , Yang Runqing , Falch Ken V. , Zvagelsky Roman , Villanueva‐Perez Pablo , Wegener Martin , Lyubomirskiy Mikhail 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHard X‐rays are needed for non‐destructive nano‐imaging of solid matter. Synchrotron radiation facilities (SRF) provide the highest‐quality images with single‐digit nm resolution using advanced techniques such as X‐ray ptychography. However, the resolution or field of view is ultimately constrained by the available coherent flux. To address this, the beam's incoherent fraction can be exploited using multiple parallel beams in an X‐ray multibeam ptychography (MBP) approach. This expands the domain of X‐ray ptychography to larger samples or more rapid measurements. Both qualities favor the study of complex composite or functional samples, such as catalysts, energy materials, or electronic devices. The challenge of performing ptychography at high energy and with many parallel beams must be overcome to extract the full advantages for extended samples while minimizing beam attenuation. Here, that challenge is overcome by creating a lens array using cutting‐edge laser printing technology and applying it to perform scanning with MBP with up to 12 beams and at photon energies of 13 and 20 keV. This exceeds the measurement limits of conventional hard X‐ray ptychography without compromising image quality for various samples: Siemens star test pattern, Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, microchip, and gold nano‐crystal clusters.
NAT10 Promotes Prostate Cancer Growth and Metastasis by Acetylating mRNAs of HMGA1 and KRT8
Authors: Li Kang‐Jing , Hong Yaying , Yu Yu‐Zhong , Xie Zhiyue , Lv Dao‐Jun , Wang Chong , Xie Tao , Chen Hong , Chen Zhe‐Sheng , Zeng Jianwen , Zhao Shan‐Chao 
Published: June 2024

AbstractN4‐acetylcytidine (ac4C) is essential for the development and migration of tumor cells. According to earlier research, N‐acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) can increase messenger RNAs (mRNAs) stability by catalyzing the synthesis of ac4C. However, little is known about NAT10 expression and its role in the acetylation modifications in prostate cancer (PCa). Thus, the biological function of NAT10 in PCa is investigated in this study. Compared to paraneoplastic tissues, the expression of NAT10 is significantly higher in PCa. The NAT10 expression is strongly correlated with the pathological grade, clinical stage, Gleason score, T‐stage, and N‐stage of PCa. NAT10 has the ability to advance the cell cycle and the epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), both of which raise the malignancy of tumor cells. Mechanistically, NAT10 enhance the stability of high mobility group AT‐hook 1 (HMGA1) by acetylating its mRNA, thereby promoting cell cycle progression to improve cell proliferation. In addition, NAT10 improve the stability of Keratin 8 (KRT8) by acetylating its mRNA, which promotes the progression of EMT to improve cell migration. This findings provide a potential prognostic or therapeutic target for PCa.