bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding Environmental Public Opinion by Dimension: How Heuristic Processing Mitigates High Information Costs on Complex Issues
Authors: RUGELEY CYNTHIA R. , GERLACH JOHN DAVID 
Published: October 2015

Public opinion matters in environmental policy making. This study examines how individuals form opinions on three distinct environmental topics—climate change, the importance of environmental protection relative to job creation, and wilderness protection. Previous research focusing on environmental concern has yielded conflicting or inconclusive results. We argue that how citizens form attitudes within the environmental domain varies across environmental dimensions and that high information costs cause citizens to engage in heuristic processing to form their opinions. We empirically test our hypothesis by analyzing original data collected from the 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Survey. We find that with more complex issues, citizens rely on familiar shortcuts such as party identification, ideology, and the media. With less complex issues, demographic factors are predictors of attitudes, lending support to arguments that citizens use familiar shortcuts when processing political and policy information.Related ArticlesRipberger, Rabovsky, and Herron. 2011. “Public Opinion and Nuclear Zero: A Domestic Constraint on Ditching the Bomb.”http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00327.x/abstractElliott‐Teague. 2011. “Public Interests and the Development of Tanzanian Environmental Policy.”http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2011.00318.x/abstractLa opinión publica importa al hacer políticas ambientales. Este estudio examina cómo los individuos forman opiniones sobre tres temas ambientales distintos—cambio climático, la importancia del cuidado ambiental respecto a la creación de empleos, y la protección de la vida salvaje. Investigaciones pasadas enfocadas en el cuidado ambiental han producido resultados contradictorios o inconclusos. Nosotros argumentamos que la forma en la que los ciudadanos forman posturas dentro del ámbito ambiental varía a través de las distintas dimensiones ambientales y que altos costos de información causa que los ciudadanos usen reglas heurísticas para procesar la información y formar su opinión. Ponemos a prueba nuestra hipótesis analizando información obtenida del 2010 Cooperative Congressional Election Survey. Encontramos que para temas más complejos los ciudadanos se basan en medios familiares como identificación partidaria, ideología y medios de comunicación. Para temas menos complejos, los factores demográficos pueden predecir las posturas, dando soporte a argumentos que sostienen que los ciudadanos usan atajos familiares para procesar información política y sobre políticas públicas.
The Telescoping Effects of Public Campaign Funding: Evaluating the Impact of Clean Elections in Arizona, Maine, and New Jersey
Authors: BROGAN MICHAEL J. , MENDILOW JONATHAN 
Published: October 2015

Supporters of public campaign funding say it democratizes the election process; detractors say it fails to meet its intended goals and, in fact, has unexpected negative results. Examining data from Arizona and Maine, which have full public funding, and from New Jersey's “Clean Election” pilot program, has enabled us to determine empirically if critics are correct. We conclude that neither advocates of Clean Elections nor its detractors are completely accurate. Rather, public campaign funding enhances trends that already existed where it was implemented without sparking new ones.Related ArticlesWerfel. 2008. “A Modern Paradigm for Campaign Finance: Economic Markets and Lessons from History.”http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00353.x/abstractReid and Moog. 2011. “Voter Information, Voter Participation, and the North Carolina Judicial Election Reforms: The Views of the Voters.”http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00353.x/abstractPartidarios del financiamiento público de las campañas sostienen que democratiza el proceso electoral; los detractores sostienen que no cumple con sus metas previstas y que de hecho, tiene resultados negativos inesperados. Al examinar datos de Arizona y Maine, que cuentan con financiamiento público total, y del programa piloto de New Jersey “Elecciones Limpias,” nos ha permitido determinar empíricamente si los críticos están en lo correcto. Concluimos que ni los defensores de Elecciones Limpias ni sus detractores son completamente acertados. Más bien, el financiamiento público de las campañas mejora tendencias ya existentes donde es implementado, sin crear otras nuevas.
Governance and Democratization since the 2008 Financial Crisis
Authors: Luckhurst Jonathan 
Published: October 2015

This conclusion to the special issue on governance, democratization, and the world economic crisis argues the special significance of the latter for contemporary trends in development and democratization. Crises can encourage policy makers and societies to reconsider important aspects of governance, indeed this can be a beneficial consequence if the right lessons are learned. Major international economic crises can thus undermine existing conventional wisdom, which has been the case recently and also after the Great Depression. Unfortunately, the lessons of the 1990s Asian financial crisis were learnt mainly by countries in that region, otherwise current crises in the transatlantic region might have been prevented. In this concluding article, I analyze the linkage between the crisis in Asia and the post‐Lehman events. I also examine how new strategies of economic governance hold new solutions, plus I demonstrate how specific contexts of democratization have been affected by the recent economic crisis.Related Articles in this Politics & Policy Special Issue:
Luckhurst and Zavala de Alba. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 735‐739. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00388.x/abstract
Related Media: Film Clip“.” 2010. Charles Ferguson. Sony Pictures Classics. http://www.sonyclassics.com/insidejob/
Como conclusión a la edición especial gobernanza, democratización y la crisis económica mundial, este artículo argumenta la especial significancia de esta última en las tendencias recientes en desarrollo y democratización. Las crisis pueden alentar a los legisladores y las sociedades a reconsiderar aspectos importantes de la gobernanza; de hecho, esta puede ser una consecuencia positiva si las lecciones correctas son aprendidas. Crisis económicas internacionales de grandes dimensiones pueden debilitar la sabiduría popular, como ha sido el caso recientemente y también después de la Gran Depresión. Desafortunadamente las lecciones de la crisis financiera Asiática de la década de 1990 fueron aprendidas principalmente sólo por los países de la región; de lo contrario, las crisis transatlánticas recientes pudieron haber sido prevenidas. En este artículo final analizo los vínculos entre la crisis Asiática y los eventos post‐Lehman, También examino cómo nuevas estrategias de gobernanza económica guardan nuevas soluciones, además demuestro cómo diferentes contextos de democratización han sido afectados por la crisis económica reciente.
Transition to Crisis in Hungary: Whistle‐Blowing on the Naked Emperor
Authors: Palonen Emilia 
Published: October 2015

This article investigates Hungary, a new democracy in East‐Central Europe and a whistle‐blower in the recent world economic crisis. A dramatic budget deficit was revealed after the elections of 2006 when the prime minister admitted the government had “lied day and night.” The “transition to democracy” was a result of round‐table talks that brought liberal economic reforms and recently resulted in a crisis of democracy. Revealing the emperor naked, as in the case of Prime Minister Gyurcsány in 2006, reinforced the doubts concerning the functioning of the strongly polarized liberal system that the current government is trying to reshape. However, these recent developments are “nothing new” in Hungary, it received financial aid from the International Monetary Fund in 1982, and in 1989 the power‐holding government lied concerning its budget deficit. Similar to the pre‐1989 era, freedom of speech continues to be restricted, and there is a strong government intervention through the public sector.Related Articles in this Politics & Policy Special Issue:
. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 735‐739. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00388.x/abstract

Cerda Becker and Cuevas Valenzuela. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 904‐929. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00380.x/abstract

. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 871‐903. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2012.00381.x/abstract
Related Media:

2006.”
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferenc_Gyurcsány%27s_speech_in_Balatonőszöd_in_May_2006
Este artículo discute a Hungría, una nueva democracia en el Centro‐Este de Europa y un delator en la reciente crisis económica mundial. Un dramático déficit fiscal fue revelado la noche de las elecciones del 2006 cuando el primer ministro admitió que el gobierno había “mentido día y noche.” La “transición a la democracia” fue el resultado de negociaciones que produjeron reformas económicas y recientemente resultaron en una crisis a la democracia. Revelar al Primer Ministro Gyurcsány en el 2006 reforzó las dudas sobre el funcionamiento del severamente polarizado sistema democrático que el gobierno actual está tratando de reestructurar. Sin embargo, estos acontecimientos no son “nada nuevo” en Hungría, en 1982 recibió ayuda financiera del Fondo Monetario Internacional y en 1989 el gobierno en el poder mintió sobre su déficit fiscal. Similar a la era previa a 1989, la libertad de expresión está siendo restringida y hay una fuerte intervención del gobierno en el sector público.
Development, Expansion, and Use of a Stroke Clinical Trials Resource for Novel Exploratory Analyses
Authors: Ali Myzoon , Bath Philip , Brady Marian , Davis Stephen , Diener Hans-Christoph , Donnan Geoffrey , Fisher Marc , Hacke Werner , Hanley Daniel F. , Luby Marie , Tsivgoulis G. , Wahlgren Nils , Warach Steven , Lees Kennedy R. ,   the VISTA Steering Committees
Published: October 2015

Introduction Analysis of reliable registry data can direct future research to influence clinical care. Data from the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive have been used to test hypotheses and inform trial design. We sought to expand Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive into a broader stroke resource with new opportunities for research and international collaboration. Methods Using procedures initially developed for an acute stroke trial archive, we invited trialists to lodge data on rehabilitation, secondary prevention, intracerebral haemorrhage, imaging, and observational stroke studies. Results We have extended Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive into six subsections: Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Acute ( n = 28 190 patients’ data), Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Rehab ( n = 10 194), Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-intracerebral haemorrhage ( n = 1829), Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Prevention, Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Imaging ( n = 1300), and Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Plus ( n = 6573). Enrollment continues, with commitments for the contribution of six further trials to Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Prevention, 13 trials to Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Rehab, and one registry to Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive-Plus. Data on age, type of stroke, medical history, outcomes by modified Rankin scale and Barthel Index (BI), mortality, and adverse events are available for analyses. The Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive network encourages the development of young investigators and provides opportunities for international peer review and collaboration. Conclusions Application of the original Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive concepts beyond acute stroke trials can extend the value of clinical research at low cost, without threatening commercial or intellectual property interests. This delivers valuable research output to inform the efficiency of future stroke research. We invite stroke researchers to participate actively in Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive and encourage the extension of Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive principles to other disease areas.
Teaching Is a Natural Cognitive Ability for Humans
Authors: Strauss Sidney , Ziv Margalit 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWe suggest that a multidisciplinary approach to teaching has potential to widen its scope. In that vein, we revisit our original claim that teaching is a natural cognitive ability among humans. We elaborate on three requirements for such an ability and report that, first, teaching strategies may be developmentally reliable. Findings indicate a possible normative developmental trajectory from age one year through adulthood. Second, teaching seems to be species‐typical, that is, it is a universal human achievement. Third, human teaching with a theory of mind (ToM) is species‐unique. Nonhuman animals may teach without a ToM.
The Dynamics of Metaphors: Class‐Inclusion or Comparison?
Authors: Drunkenmölle Tomas 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn current literature, metaphor is treated as either an instance of implicit comparison or as a nonliteral class‐inclusion statement. I will argue that, contrary to these positions, the notions of comparison and class‐inclusion are not mutually exclusive in character but rather complementary cognitive concepts which entail one another. While initially using the semantic distinction between literal and figurative language, I will argue in the course of this article that metaphor is a matter of extraordinary rather than ordinary language and that it reflects linguistic pragmatics rather than semantics. The most prominent reasons for resorting to the extraordinary use of language may be found in education, where metaphor serves a heuristic function in the interaction between teacher and student, and in scientific activities, when researchers have at their disposal only a restricted dictionary to describe new phenomena. Executive function, flashbulb memory, and the firing of neurons are examples from cognitive psychology and neuroscience that denominate phenomena that might otherwise not have been adequately expressed. I will conclude that metaphors are both comparisons as well as class‐inclusion statements and that these tropes fulfill not only a heuristic but also an epistemic function in as much as they render comprehensible the acquisition of radically new knowledge.
Physical Capital and the Embodied Nature of Income Inequality: Gender Differences in the Effect of Body Size on Workers’ Incomes in Canada
Authors: Perks Thomas 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTCette étude évalue les effets des dimensions du corps – mesurées en utilisant l'index de la masse corporelle – sur le maximum de revenus atteint par les travailleuses et travailleurs au Canada. En utilisant les données d'un échantillon national représentatif des Canadiens, des analyses factorielles montrent que le rapport entre la masse corporelle et le revenu est négatif dans le cas des travailleuses, tandis que dans le cas des travailleurs ce rapport est positif et non‐linéaire. L’étude est basée sur le concept de capital physique défini par Bourdieu et sur le développement de ce concept réalisé par Shilling. On y démontre que ces résultats représentent l'importance relative de la grandeur corporelle dans la production et perpétuation des inégalités des revenus au Canada.This study assesses the effects of body size—measured using the body mass index—on the income attainment of female and male workers in Canada. Using data from a national representative sample of Canadians, multivariate analyses show that, for female workers, the body size‐income relationship is negative. However, for male workers, the body size‐income relationship is positive and nonlinear. Using Bourdieu's conceptualization of physical capital, and Shilling's extension of it, it is argued that these results are suggestive of the relative importance of body size to the production and continuation of gender income inequality in Canada.
“We All Put on the Fiesta Together”: Interdependence and the Production of Active Subjectivity through Cargos in a Highland Mexican Village
Authors: Magazine Roger 
Published: October 2015

ResumenDespués de perder sus empleos en la Ciudad de México como consecuencia de los recortes presupuestales neoliberales y de regresar al cercano pueblo de Tepetlaoxtoc, los moradores reinventaron sus entendimientos y prácticas de cargos y fiestas en oposición a una jerarquía local exclusiva y a la expansiva cultura urbana de individualismo y materialismo. En contraste con la suposición de los citadinos que son capaces de actuar solos, la gente del pueblo destaca su interdependencia y la importancia de “hacer la fiesta entre todos.” Y en oposición a la manera en que estos primeros actúan sobre y valoran las cosas, esta última pone énfasis en el actuar sobre las otras personas para producir lo que realmente valoran: las acciones y los estados subjetivos. Propongo que estas conceptualizaciones locales de la persona y la acción contribuyen a la formulación de un marco analítico culturalmente sensible para entender las prácticas que están emergiendo en los pueblos serranos mexicanos mientras el capitalismo global sigue erosionando las estructuras jerárquicas que antes eran dominantes.
Rethinking Vulnerability on the Colorado River
Authors: Kenney Doug , Ray Andrea , Harding Ben , Pulwarty Roger , Udall Brad 
Published: October 2015

Abstract:On the Colorado River (as elsewhere), severe drought is useful for illuminating sources of water supply vulnerability, focusing attention on deficiencies in water allocation and management. A major drought study in the early 1990s, and experience with real drought a decade later, both have been useful in understanding vulnerability as a function of several factors working in consort with drought, including water allocation, reservoir operations, water demands, and climate change. Over this relatively short time‐frame, vulnerability has shifted considerably, and will undoubtedly continue to change further in coming decades. Understanding how vulnerability is shifting is central to identifying future management pathways and reform options for the river.
Creating Real Time Water Leasing Market Institutions: An Integrated Economic and Hydrological Methodology
Authors: Broadbent Craig D. , Brookshire David S. , Coursey Don , Tidwell Vince 
Published: October 2015

Abstract:Explosive population growth coupled with stable or decreasing water supplies has often led to stress upon already over‐allocated watersheds in the western United States. Water markets that allow the temporary transfer (i.e., lease) of a water right are a possible mechanism to provide flexibility to water managers to fulfill water demands in these over‐allocated watersheds. This paper addresses the need for an integrated (hydrologic and economic) model to examine the feasibility of a water leasing market. We propose a five stage procedure to designing and implementing a real time water leasing market.
Effects of delayed anticoagulation and use of evacuated tubes on non‐activated thrombelastography in dogs
Authors: Koenigshof Amy M. , Scott Michael A. , Brown Andrew J. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundThe effects of delayed anticoagulation and use of evacuated vacuum tubes in the collection of whole blood for nonactivated thrombelastography (TEG) are not known.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine the effects of delayed anticoagulation and use of vacuum‐assisted blood collection tubes on results of nonactivated TEG.MethodsTwelve clinically healthy adult dogs were used in each of 3 studies. For each study, nonactivated TEG results from paired blood samples were compared. In study 1, the effect of delayed citrate anticoagulation was evaluated by collecting samples either into syringes containing citrate or into empty syringes followed by transfer to nonevacuated tubes containing citrate. In study 2, the effect of vacuum assistance in blood transfer was evaluated by collecting samples into syringes containing citrate and transferring either to nonevacuated plastic tubes or to evacuated plastic tubes. In study 3, the combined effects of delayed anticoagulation and vacuum assistance in blood transfer were evaluated by collecting samples into syringes containing citrate or into empty syringes followed by transfer to evacuated tubes containing citrate. Thrombelastographic analysis was performed in duplicate at 39°C after a 40‐minute rest period.ResultsThe collection methods that delayed anticoagulation and/or used evacuated tubes yielded samples that appeared more coagulable compared with samples not exposed to delay or evacuated tubes.ConclusionMethods by which samples are collected affect results of nonactivated TEG and should be considered when establishing reference intervals, interpreting results, and publishing TEG results.
Preserving Value through Adaptation to Climate Change
Authors: West Jason , Bianchi Robert 
Published: October 2015

Corporate “mitigation” efforts to limit greenhouse gases alone will not be sufficient to protect companies against future environmental impacts. For most companies intent on preserving their operating efficiency and value, “adaptation”—the process of changing behavior in response to actual or expected climate change impacts—is emerging as a critical partner to mitigation efforts aimed at reducing the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.The recent growth in the expected costs associated with the risk of climate change emphasizes the importance of developing new technology and redesigning infrastructure and other assets that will enable companies to respond to such change without excessive reductions in profitability. The nature and extent of adaptation in each situation will depend on the costs involved relative to the benefits of adopting different adaptation strategies to achieve a target level of resilience.Companies that choose to adapt and do so effectively are expected to benefit from an improvement in their net risk‐return profile. Consistent with this expectation, the authors found that a sample of companies from the European energy sector that adapted to the 2005 EU climate change mandate by diversifying their fuel sources (mainly away from coal) experienced reductions in both risk and return while non‐adapting firms experienced roughly the same returns, but at the cost of higher risk. The benefit of adapting is thus seen as showing up not in higher returns per se, but in higher risk‐adjusted returns.