bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Urinary profile of catecholamines and metabolites in Parkinson patients with deep brain stimulation
Authors: Guimarães J. , Vieira‐Coelho M. A. , Moura E. , Afonso J. , Rosas M. J. , Vaz R. , Garrett C. 
Published: May 2013

Background and purposeDeep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (DBS‐STN) is thought to continuously alter the activity of STN neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). A chronic decrease in the levodopa dose with continuous STN stimulation may induce plastic neuronal changes.ObjectiveThe objective of this work was to study urinary excretion of catecholamines in patients with PD before and after DBS‐STN.MethodsTwenty‐three patients were submitted to DBS‐STN, and evaluated before and after surgery with respect to catecholamines and metabolites in 24‐h urine measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection.ResultsOf the 23 patients evaluated, a significant decrease of about 60% in the urinary excretion of l‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (l‐DOPA; in nmol/mg creatinine/24 h) was observed 1 week after DBS‐STN. Moreover, in 17 patients with a follow‐up of 8 weeks after surgery, there was a further 50% decrease in urinary l‐DOPA levels, dropping to about 75% of the values before surgery. There was also a significant decrease in dopamine (DA) and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels 1 week after DBS‐STN that was no longer present 8 weeks after. A significant increase in the DA/l‐DOPA ratio was observed 1 week after surgery, with a further increase 8 weeks after surgery.ConclusionAfter DBS‐STN, the DA/l‐DOPA ratio, an indirect measure of DA synthesis, increased. These results show that DBS‐STN may improve the efficacy of oral levodopa.
The outcome of the movement disorder in methcathinone abusers: clinical,MRIand manganesemia changes, and neuropathology
Authors: Stepens A. , Groma V. , Skuja S. , Platkājis A. , Aldiņš P. , Ekšteina I. , Mārtiņsone I. , Bricis R. , Donaghy M. 
Published: May 2013

Background and purposeThere is limited knowledge regarding the long‐term outcome of the methcathinone/manganese‐induced movement disorder. Our purpose was to define prognosis in intravenous methcathinone abusers affected by this distinctive disorder attributed to manganese (Mn) toxicity. Also, neuropathology from a globus pallidus region biopsy from a former user is reported.MethodsEighteen methcathinone abusers were categorized as active (five), discontinued (four) or former (nine) users. They were reassessed after a median of 32.5 months (range 3.4–59.6) clinically, on rating scales, and withMRIand bloodMn levels. The biopsy was examined ultrastructurally.ResultsOverall the group showed a slight tendency to deterioration at follow‐up on clinical assessment of motor functioning, especially the active users. No significant change occurred on parkinsonian rating scale reassessment. Significant reduction inMn levels occurred in former users, and decreasedT1‐weighted hyperintensity on basal gangliaMRIoccurred in 3 of 4 former and 2 of 3 discontinued users, despite lack of clinical improvement. The biopsy consisted of white matter showing decompacted myelin sheaths and frequent abnormalities of mitochondria.ConclusionsNo improvement in thisMn‐induced movement disorder occurs after cessation of methcathinone abuse despite improvement ofMn blood levels and/orMRIabnormalities. Ultrastructural abnormalities in a former user confirm structural damage to white matter is associated with the disorder. Methcathinone/Mn toxicity is an important, disabling and permanent medical sequel of intravenous drug abuse in the former Soviet Union.
Preceding pain symptoms and Parkinson's disease: a nationwide population‐based cohort study
Authors: Lin C.‐H. , Wu R.‐M. , Chang H.‐Y. , Chiang Y.‐T. , Lin H.‐H. 
Published: May 2013

Background and purposePainful sensations are recently reported to be a non‐motor feature of Parkinson's disease (PD). The non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug ibuprofen is a common painkiller and was reported to be associated with a decreased risk of PD. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship amongst preceding pain symptoms, use of ibuprofen and risk of PD in a nationwide population‐based cohort.MethodsThe data of participants who were free of PD at baseline were obtained from two large National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS) in Taiwan, conducted in 2001 and 2005. The information regarding pain status included severity and location of pain. Information regarding pain status, use of ibuprofen, comorbidity of depression and PD‐associated risk/protective behaviors was adjusted using proportional hazards models.ResultsAmongst 33 388 participants, 32 cases of incident PD were identified after a mean follow‐up of 3 years. After adjusting for the use of ibuprofen and other PD risk factors, subjects with preceding pain symptoms had a higher incidence of PD than those without pain at baseline, and the hazard ratio was 1.79 (95% CI: 0.71–4.51, P = 0.21) for mild pain and 2.88 (95% CI: 1.05–7.86, P = 0.04) for moderate or severe pain. The PD risk increased by 34% with each additional increment in pain score [hazard ratio = 1.34 (1.03–1.75), P = 0.03], showing a dose–response relationship.ConclusionsThese findings support the hypothesis that pain is associated with PD in the pre‐motor stage of the disease. Further research is needed to clarify the role of sensory system involvement in the pre‐motor phase of PD.
Plasma and pulmonary pharmacokinetics of desfuroylceftiofur acetamide after weekly administration of ceftiofur crystalline free acid to adult horses
Authors: Fultz L. , Giguère S. , Berghaus L. J. , Davis J. L. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryReasons for performing studyCurrent labelling for the use of ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA) in horses states that 2 i.m. doses must be administered 4 days apart to provide 10 days of therapeutic coverage. A 10 day treatment regimen is not sufficient for the long‐term treatment of horses with severe lung consolidation or pleuropneumonia. There are currently no data to guide an appropriate dosing interval when a longer treatment regimen is warranted.ObjectivesTo determine steady‐state plasma and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) concentrations of desfuroylceftiofur acetamide (DCA) after weekly i.m. administration of CCFA to adult horses.Study designExperimental study.MethodsSeven adult horses received i.m. CCFA at a dose of 6.6 mg/kg bwt on Day 0, Day 4 and every 7 days thereafter for 3 additional doses. Concentrations of DCA in plasma and PELF were measured at various time intervals.ResultsAfter weekly i.m. administration, the mean (± s.d.) steady‐state peak DCA concentration in plasma (2.87 ± 1.50 μg/ml) was significantly higher than that in PELF (0.84 ± 0.53 μg/ml). Mean terminal half‐lives in plasma (77.5 ± 17.5 h) and PELF (92.8 ± 59.0 h) were not significantly different. Concentrations of DCA in plasma and PELF remained in the therapeutic range for the entire dosing interval.ConclusionsAfter the initial 2‐dose regimen 4 days apart, weekly i.m. administration of CCFA was well tolerated and resulted in plasma and PELF DCA concentrations above the minimal inhibitory concentration that inhibits growth of at least 90% of common lower respiratory tract pathogens of horses.Potential relevanceWeekly administration of CCFA would appear appropriate when a treatment regimen longer than 10 days is warranted based on clinical signs and disease severity.
Complementary integrative medicine in atopic diseases – an overview
Authors: Pfab Florian , Schalock Peter C , Napadow Vitaly , Athanasiadis Georgios I , Ring Johannes , Huss‐Marp Johannes 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectiveComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a conservative and increasingly popular approach to atopic diseases for both patients and medical providers. Over the past few decades, there has been increased research activity into the use of CAM therapies for allergy. In this overview, current evidence, possible mechanisms of action and clinical approaches for treating the triad of atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma with CAM techniques are summarised and discussed.MethodsThe information for this overview was gathered from a literature search in the databases Medline and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from 1 January 1951 to 1 December 2012.Results and conclusionPromising therapies include Petasites hybridus and acupuncture for allergic rhinitis; probiotics during pregnancy; the herbal product Zemaphyte and acupuncture (to control itch) for atopic dermatitis; and physical training, weight reduction, physiotherapy, correct intake of vitamins A, C and D as well as different Chinese herbal formulas for asthma. However, further research is needed to more clearly identify the mechanisms of action of these therapies, and whether these clinical effects are above and beyond any placebo effect.
Inhibition of vacuolar ATPase attenuates the TRAIL‐induced activation of caspase‐8 and modulates the trafficking of TRAIL receptosomes
Authors: Horova Vladimira , Hradilova Nada , Jelinkova Iva , Koc Michal , Svadlenka Jan , Brazina Jan , Klima Martin , Slavik Josef , Hyrslova Vaculova Alena , Andera Ladislav 
Published: May 2013

Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), a membrane‐bound ligand from the TNF family, has attracted significant attention due to its rather specific and effective ability to induce apoptotic death in various types of cancer cells via binding to and activating its pro‐apoptotic death receptors. However, a significant number of primary cancer cells often develop resistance to TRAIL treatment, and the signalling platform behind this phenomenon is not fully understood. Upon blocking endosomal acidification by the vacuolar ATPase (V‐ATPase) inhibitors bafilomycin A1 (BafA1) or concanamycin A, we observed a significantly reduced initial sensitivity of several, mainly colorectal, tumour cell lines to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. In cells pretreated with these inhibitors, the TRAIL‐induced processing of caspase‐8 and the aggregation and trafficking of the TRAIL receptor complexes were temporarily attenuated. Nuclear factor κB or mitogen activated protein/stress kinase signalling from the activated TRAIL receptors remained unchanged, and neither possible lysosomal permeabilization nor acid sphingomyelinase was involved in this process. The cell surface expression of TRAIL receptors and their TRAIL‐induced internalization were not affected by V‐ATPase inhibitors. The inhibitory effect of BafA1, however, was blunted by knockdown of the caspase‐8 inhibitor cFLIP. Altogether, the data obtained provide the first evidence that endosomal acidification could represent an important regulatory node in the proximal part of TRAIL‐induced pro‐apoptotic signalling.Structured digital abstract

TRAIL and Caspase-8 colocalize by fluorescence microscopy (View interaction)

TRAIL physically interacts with DR-5, Caspase-10, Caspase-8, cFLIP and FADD by pull down (View interaction)
Wetlands serve as natural sources for improvement of stream ecosystem health in regions affected by acid deposition
Authors: Pound Katrina L. , Lawrence Gregory B. , Passy Sophia I. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractFor over 40 years, acid deposition has been recognized as a serious international environmental problem, but efforts to restore acidified streams and biota have had limited success. The need to better understand the effects of different sources of acidity on streams has become more pressing with the recent increases in surface water organic acids, or ‘brownification,’ associated with climate change and decreased inorganic acid deposition. Here, we carried out a large scale multi‐seasonal investigation in the Adirondacks, one of the most acid‐impacted regions in the United States, to assess how acid stream producers respond to local and watershed influences and whether these influences can be used in acidification remediation. We explored the pathways of wetland control on aluminum chemistry and diatom taxonomic and functional composition. We demonstrate that streams with larger watershed wetlands have higher organic content, lower concentrations of acidic anions, and lower ratios of inorganic to organic monomeric aluminum, all beneficial for diatom biodiversity and guilds producing high biomass. Although brownification has been viewed as a form of pollution, our results indicate that it may be a stimulating force for biofilm producers with potentially positive consequences for higher trophic levels. Our research also reveals that the mechanism of watershed control of local stream diatom biodiversity through wetland export of organic matter is universal in running waters, operating not only in hard streams, as previously reported, but also in acid streams. Our findings that the negative impacts of acid deposition on Adirondack stream chemistry and biota can be mitigated by wetlands have important implications for biodiversity conservation and stream ecosystem management. Future acidification research should focus on the potential for wetlands to improve stream ecosystem health in acid‐impacted regions and their direct use in stream restoration, for example, through stream rechanneling or wetland construction in appropriate hydrologic settings.
Rational Choice and Responsibilisation in Youth Justice in Scotland: Whose Evidence Matters in Evidence‐Based Policy?
Authors: Barry Monica 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRational choice and responsibilisation of young offenders are concepts increasingly informing youth justice policy in Scotland, yet there is evidence from both academics and young offenders that such approaches are ineffective. This article explores the views of young people in care and contrasts their evidence with that from Rational Choice Theory (RCT), elements of which are increasingly influencing youth justice policy. Government policy now focuses not on desistance but on the containment and behaviour modification of young offenders, strategies which no longer deliver justice but anticipate and modify so‐called ‘rational’ thinking amongst young people.
Oral Kaposi's sarcoma: a review and update
Authors: Fatahzadeh Mahnaz , Schwartz Robert A. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractKaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an important mucocutaneous neoplasm with four well‐known clinicopathologic types. Involvement of the oral cavity may be seen in all variants but is most common with AIDS‐KS. The latter may signal undiagnosed HIV infection. Its common association with disseminated disease has potentially important diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Oral KS (OKS) most often affects the hard and soft palate, gingiva, and dorsal tongue with plaques or tumors of coloration ranging from non‐pigmented to brownish‐red or violaceous. Its involvement ranges from an incidental finding to proliferative tumor formation that interferes with mastication. OKS needs to be distinguished clinically from other entities, including pyogenic granuloma, hemangioma, bacillary angiomatosis, and gingival enlargement caused by cyclosporine, a drug frequently used in recipients of organ transplantation. KS may flare as part of the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV patients or develop in the context of iatrogenic immunosuppression. Management, which may depend upon a variety of factors including the clinicopathologic type of KS and results of staging, ranges from no treatment to local measures such as intralesional vinblastine or systemic administration of cytotoxic chemotherapy for disseminated disease. Modification of immunosuppressive regimens often helps control post‐transplant OKS but enhances the risk of graft rejection. Screening donors and recipients of organ transplants for HHV‐8, with prophylactic treatment if infected as well as institution of sirolimus early after transplantation, are proposed strategies aimed at preventing post‐transplant OKS.
Efficiency and stability in a strategic model of hedonic coalitions
Authors: Rubí‐Barceló Antoni 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis paper analyzes the partitioning of a society into coalitions in a setting where heterogeneous players produce private and club goods. Their preferences are hedonic and are represented by a utility function with two arguments, namely their consumptions of these two goods. The focus is on the compatibility of overall societal welfare with individual incentives to move the coalition or accept new coalition mates under alternative utility specifications and agents’ productivities.
Continuous rearing of the predatory anthocorid Orius laevigatus without plant materials
Authors: De Puysseleyr V. , Höfte M. , De Clercq P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe omnivorous anthocorid predator Orius laevigatus is an economically important biological control agent of several small arthropod pests including the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. Mass rearing systems for Orius bugs typically make use of plant materials such as bean pods as an oviposition substrate and moisture source. Omission of plant materials from the mass rearing system of these beneficial arthropods could drastically improve the cost‐effectiveness of their production and thus stimulate their use in augmentative biological control. This study investigated the effect of a plantless rearing system, using wax paper as a walking substrate, water encapsulated in Parafilm domes, and an artificial oviposition substrate made of Parafilm and moist cotton wool, on the developmental and reproductive fitness of O. laevigatus. Plantless rearing during four generations resulted in females with an 11% lower body weight and a pre‐oviposition period that was prolonged by 29%. However, other biological parameters were not negatively affected by the absence of plants. In addition, plantless‐reared females had similar predation rates on F. occidentalis larvae as their peers maintained on plants. Our study indicates that the omission of plant material from the production cycle of O. laevigatus is possible when Ephestia kuehniella eggs are provided as a nutritionally optimal food source.
Novel contribution of cell surface and intracellular M1‐muscarinic acetylcholine receptors to synaptic plasticity in hippocampus
Authors: Anisuzzaman Abu Syed Md , Uwada Junsuke , Masuoka Takayoshi , Yoshiki Hatsumi , Nishio Matomo , Ikegaya Yuji , Takahashi Naoya , Matsuki Norio , Fujibayashi Yasuhisa , Yonekura Yoshiharu , Momiyama Toshihiko , Muramatsu Ikunobu 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMuscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are well known to transmit extracellular cholinergic signals into the cytoplasm from their position on the cell surface. However, we show here that M1‐mAChRs are also highly expressed on intracellular membranes in neurons of the telencephalon and activate signaling cascades distinct from those of cell surface receptors, contributing uniquely to synaptic plasticity. Radioligand‐binding experiments with cell‐permeable and ‐impermeable ligands and immunohistochemical observations revealed intracellular and surface distributions of M1‐mAChRs in the hippocampus and cortex of rats, mice, and humans, in contrast to the selective occurrence on the cell surface in other tissues. All intracellular muscarinic‐binding sites were abolished in M1‐mAChR‐gene‐knockout mice. Activation of cell surface M1‐mAChRs in rat hippocampal neurons evoked phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and network oscillations at theta rhythm, and transiently enhanced long‐term potentiation. On the other hand, activation of intracellular M1‐mAChRs phosphorylated extracellular‐regulated kinase 1/2 and gradually enhanced long‐term potentiation. Our data thus demonstrate that M1‐mAChRs function at both surface and intracellular sites in telencephalon neurons including the hippocampus, suggesting a new mode of cholinergic transmission in the central nervous system.
Molecular analysis of regulative events in the developing chick limb
Authors: Mahony Chris , Vargesson Neil 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe developing chick limb has the remarkable ability to regulate for the loss of large amounts of mesenchyme and maintain a normal limb pattern in early (Hamburger and Hamilton Stage 19; E3) limbs. How the limb can regulate for tissue loss and why this ability is lost as development proceeds (after Hamburger and Hamilton Stage 21; E3.5) is unclear. We have investigated the origins of cells involved in regulative processes and, for the first time, the molecular changes occurring, and find striking differences between developmental time points just 0.5 days apart. We demonstrate that subtle changes in cell dispersal and cell proliferation occur in HH St21 limbs but not in HH St19 limbs and also demonstrate that there is no net replacement of removed tissue at either HH St21 or St19. We further show that changes in the Fgf8/Shh/Bmp4/Gremlin signaling pathway together with the appearance of distal Hox gene activation coincide with the limbs' ability to regulate for large tissue loss. We also demonstrate that following small tissue loss, limbs can regulate for missing tissue to produce normal pattern with no net replacement of missing tissue, as seen in limbs following large tissue loss. Our results indicate the regulative ability of the limb is not due to changes in cell proliferation, cell lineage nor replacement of the missing tissue – regulative ability is reliant upon the signaling environment remaining.
Determination of three‐dimensional muscle architectures: validation of the DTI‐based fiber tractography method by manual digitization
Authors: Schenk P. , Siebert T. , Hiepe P. , Güllmar D. , Reichenbach J. R. , Wick C. , Blickhan R. , Böl M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn the last decade, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used increasingly to investigate three‐dimensional (3D) muscle architectures. So far there is no study that has proved the validity of this method to determine fascicle lengths and pennation angles within a whole muscle. To verify the DTI method, fascicle lengths of m. soleus as well as their pennation angles have been measured using two different methods. First, the 3D muscle architecture was analyzed in vivo applying the DTI method with subsequent deterministic fiber tractography. In a second step, the muscle architecture of the same muscle was analyzed using a standard manual digitization system (MicroScribe MLX). Comparing both methods, we found differences for the median pennation angles (P < 0.001) but not for the median fascicle lengths (P = 0.216). Despite the statistical results, we conclude that the DTI method is appropriate to determine the global fiber orientation. The difference in median pennation angles determined with both methods is only about 1.2° (median pennation angle of MicroScribe: 9.7°; DTI: 8.5°) and probably has no practical relevance for muscle simulation studies. Determining fascicle lengths requires additional restriction and further development of the DTI method.