bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A taxonomic and biostratigraphic re-evaluation of the Post Quarry vertebrate assemblage from the Cooper Canyon Formation (Dockum Group, Upper Triassic) of southern Garza County, western Texas
Authors: Martz Jeffrey W. , Mueller Bill , Nesbitt Sterling J. , Stocker Michelle R. , Parker William G. , Atanassov Momchil , Fraser Nicholas , Weinbaum Jonathan , Lehane James R. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe Post Quarry, within the lower part of the type section of the Upper Triassic Cooper Canyon Formation in southern Garza County, western Texas, contains a remarkably diverse vertebrate assemblage. The Post Quarry has produced: the small temnospondylRileymillerus cosgriffi; the metoposauridApachesaurus gregorii; possible dicynodonts and eucynodonts; a clevosaurid sphenodontian; non-archosauriform archosauromorphs (Trilophosaurus dornorum, simiosaurians, and possiblyMalerisaurus); the phytosaurLeptosuchus; several aetosaurs (Calyptosuchus wellesi,Typothorax coccinarum,Paratypothorax, andDesmatosuchus smalli); the poposauroidShuvosaurus inexpectatus(“Chatterjeea elegans”); the rauisuchidPostosuchus kirkpatricki; an early crocodylomorph; several dinosauromorphs (the lagerpetidDromomeron gregorii, the silesauridTechnosaurus smalli, a herrerasaurid, and an early neotheropod); and several enigmatic small diapsids. Revised lithostratigraphic correlations of the lower Cooper Canyon Formation with the Tecovas Formation, the occurrence ofLeptosuchus, and the overall composition of the assemblage indicate that the Post Quarry falls within the Adamanian biozone, and not the Revueltian biozone. Stratigraphic subdivision of the Adamanian biozone may be possible, and the Post Quarry may be correlative with the upper part of the Adamanian biozone in Arizona. The age of the Post Quarry assemblage is possibly late Lacian or earliest Alaunian (late early Norian or earliest middle Norian), between 220 and 215 Ma.
The Late Jurassic pterosaurs from northern Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Codorniú Laura , Gasparini Zulma 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTRecords of flying Jurassic reptiles are very scarce in the Southern Hemisphere. Upper Jurassic pterosaurs have been discovered in marine Tithonian sediments of the Vaca Muerta Formation, in the Neuquén Basin, Patagonia, Argentina. Only four specimens are known so far: the first from Arroyo Picún Leufú, and the other three from the lithographic limestones of Los Catutos. Here, we update knowledge of Late Jurassic pterosaurs from northwest Patagonia. We revise the diagnosis and description of a previously described pterodactyloid, which is named as a new genus and species,Wenupteryx uzi. This small-sized pterosaur shows affinities with Euctenochasmatia or Archaeopterodactyloidea, and represents the most complete Jurassic pterosaur so far known from the Southern Hemisphere. We also report a recent finding suggesting that the new specimen belongs to a new species of pterodactyloid pterosaur. These records show that at least three different taxa of pterosaurs coexisted in the Neuquén Basin:Herbstosaurus,Wenupteryxand a more derived pterodactyloid that represents the largest pterosaur known from the Upper Jurassic of Gondwana.
Late Miocene crocodylians from northeast Argentina: new approaches about the austral components of the Neogene South American crocodylian fauna
Authors: Bona Paula , Riff Douglas , Gasparini Zulma Brandoni de 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe richest and more explored regions concerning Miocene crocodylians in South America are the basins surrounding the areas of Urumaco (Venezuela), La Venta (Colombia), Acre (Northwest Brazil) and Paraná (Northeast Argentina). Fossils from the late Miocene in the Paraná area were recovered from the “Conglomerado Osífero” (Ituzaingó Formation) and assigned to several taxa of Caimaninae (Alligatoroidea) and to a taxon of Gavialoidea. The late Miocene “fauna” of crocodylians recorded in northeast Argentina differs from coeval ones of northern South America by the absence of crocodyloids, some alligatorid genera (such as Purussaurus, Melanosuchus, and Paleosuchus) and by the scarce gavialoid species. Giant forms, conspicuous in the northern South American deposits, are also absent in southern latitudes. Despite this, the austral South American crocodylian fauna exhibits strong affinities with the northern, contemporary forms, sharing taxa at generic (i.e. Caiman and Gryposuchus) and even specific levels (i.e. Mourasuchus nativus). The sharing of such freshwater taxa in the Miocene indicates partial connections of drainage basins through swamp areas on their boundaries, and is evidence against the assumption of an intracontinental coeval seaway link in this continent proposed by several authors.
Micromechanics of emergent patterns in plastic flows
Authors: Biswas Santidan , Grant Martin , Samajdar Indradev , Haldar Arunansu , Sain Anirban 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCrystalline solids undergo plastic deformation and subsequently flow when subjected to stresses beyond their elastic limit. In nature most crystalline solids exist in polycrystalline form. Simulating plastic flows in polycrystalline solids has wide ranging applications, from material processing to understanding intermittency of earthquake dynamics. Using phase field crystal (PFC) model we show that in sheared polycrystalline solids the atomic displacement field shows spatio-temporal heterogeneity spanning over several orders of length and time scales, similar to that in amorphous solids. The displacement field also exhibits localized quadrupolar patterns, characteristic of two dislocations of the opposite sign approaching each other. This is a signature of crystallinity at microscopic scale. Polycrystals being halfway between single crystals and amorphous solids, in terms of the degree of structural order, descriptions of solid mechanics at two widely different scales, namely continuum plastic flow and discrete dislocation dynamics turns out to be necessary here.
Cation transport by the respiratory NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (complex I): facts and hypotheses
Authors: Steffen Wojtek , Steuber Julia 
Published: September 2013

The respiratory complex I (electrogenic NADH:quinone oxidoreductase) has been considered to act exclusively as a H+ pump. This was questioned when the search for the NADH-driven respiratory Na+ pump in Klebsiella pneumoniae initiated by Peter Dimroth led to the discovery of a Na+-translocating complex in this enterobacterium. The 3D structures of complex I from different organisms support the idea that the mechanism of cation transport by complex I involves conformational changes of the membrane-bound NuoL, NuoM and NuoN subunits. In vitro methods to follow Na+ transport were compared with in vivo approaches to test whether complex I, or its individual NuoL, NuoM or NuoN subunits, extrude Na+ from the cytoplasm to the periplasm of bacterial host cells. The truncated NuoL subunit of the Escherichia coli complex I which comprises amino acids 1–369 exhibits Na+ transport activity in vitro. This observation, together with an analysis of putative cation channels in NuoL, suggests that there exists in NuoL at least one continuous pathway for cations lined by amino acid residues from transmembrane segments 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8. Finally, we discuss recent studies on Na+ transport by mitochondrial complex I with respect to its putative role in the cycling of Na+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Microbial hydrogen splitting in the presence of oxygen
Authors: Stein Matthias , Kaur-Ghumaan Sandeep 
Published: September 2013

The origin of the tolerance of a subclass of [NiFe]-hydrogenases to the presence of oxygen was unclear for a long time. Recent spectroscopic studies showed a conserved active site between oxygen-sensitive and oxygen-tolerant hydrogenases, and modifications in the vicinity of the active site in the large subunit could be excluded as the origin of catalytic activity even in the presence of molecular oxygen. A combination of bioinformatics and protein structural modelling revealed an unusual co-ordination motif in the vicinity of the proximal Fe–S cluster in the small subunit. Mutational experiments confirmed the relevance of two additional cysteine residues for the oxygen-tolerance. This new binding motif can be used to classify sequences from [NiFe]-hydrogenases according to their potential oxygen-tolerance. The X-ray structural analysis of the reduced form of the enzyme displayed a new type of [4Fe–3S] cluster co-ordinated by six surrounding cysteine residues in a distorted cubanoid geometry. The unusual electronic structure of the proximal Fe–S cluster can be analysed using the broken-symmetry approach and gave results in agreement with experimental Mößbauer studies. An electronic effect of the proximal Fe–S cluster on the remote active site can be detected and quantified. In the oxygen-tolerant hydrogenases, the hydride occupies an asymmetric binding position in the Ni-C state. This may rationalize the more facile activation and catalytic turnover in this subclass of enzymes.
The superfamily of mitochondrial Complex1_LYR motif-containing (LYRM) proteins
Authors: Angerer Heike 
Published: September 2013

Mitochondrial LYRM (leucine/tyrosine/arginine motif) proteins are members of the Complex1_LYR-like superfamily. Individual LYRM proteins have been identified as accessory subunits or assembly factors of mitochondrial OXPHOS (oxidative phosphorylation) complexes I, II, III and V respectively, and they play particular roles in the essential Fe–S cluster biogenesis and in acetate metabolism. LYRM proteins have been implicated in mitochondrial dysfunction, e.g. in the context of insulin resistance. However, the functional significance of the common LYRM is still unknown. Analysis of protein–protein interaction screens suggests that LYRM proteins form protein complexes with phylogenetically ancient proteins of bacterial origin. Interestingly, the mitochondrial FAS (fatty acid synthesis) type II acyl-carrier protein ACPM associates with some of the LYRM protein-containing complexes. Eukaryotic LYRM proteins interfere with mitochondrial homoeostasis and might function as adaptor-like ‘accessory factors’.
Role Playing a Squiggle: An Adaption of Winnicott's Squiggle Game for Dramatherapy
Authors: Evans Deborah 
Published: September 2013

Children are often the vehicle for psychological material that does not belong to them, ghost traumas or ways of being that are not theirs, but are projected into their lives by parents and past generations. This ‘research in action’ summarises some work on a case of a 10-year-old girl where the creativity and playful aspect of the therapist were essential tools for finding the true potential of the patient in treatment. In this particular case Winnicott's squiggle game was used and the concept furthered with various techniques of enactments, story building, and poetry. The aim was to open up the potential self of the patient by regressing to an earlier stage of play. Although some hesitate to use their own associations for fear of trampling on the image enactments and stories of the patient, the spontaneity and playful self of the therapist is, nevertheless, often the key to unlocking the true potential. This way of working may be helpful for children or adults that appear cut off from a deeper connection with life.
A computable figure of merit for quasi-Monte Carlo point sets
Authors: Matsumoto Makoto , Saito Mutsuo , Matoba Kyle 
Published: September 2013

Let

P

⊂
[
0
,
1

)
S

\mathcal {P} \subset [0,1)^S

be a finite point set of cardinality

N
N

in an

S
S

-dimensional cube, and let

f
:
[
0
,
1

)
S

→

R

f:[0,1)^S \to \mathbb {R}

be an integrable function. A QMC integral of

f
f

by

P

\mathcal {P}

is the average of values of

f
f

at each point in

P

\mathcal {P}

, which approximates the integral of

f
f

over the cube. Assume that

P

\mathcal {P}

is constructed from an

F

2

\mathbb {F}_2

-vector space

P
⊂
(

F

2
n

)
S

P\subset (\mathbb {F}_2^n)^S

by means of a digital net with

n
n

-digit precision. As an

n
n

-digit discretized version of Josef Dick’s method, we introduce the Walsh figure of merit (WAFOM)

W
A
F
O
M

(
P
)

{\mathrm {WAFOM}}(P)

of

P
P

, which satisfies a Koksma-Hlawka type inequality, namely, QMC integration error is bounded by

C

S
,
n

|

|

f

|

|

n

W
A
F
O
M

(
P
)

C_{S,n}||f||_n {\mathrm {WAFOM}}(P)

under

n
n

-smoothness of

f
f

, where

C

S
,
n

C_{S,n}

is a constant depending only on

S
,
n

S,n

.

We show a Fourier inversion formula for

W
A
F
O
M

(
P
)

{\mathrm {WAFOM}}(P)

which is computable in

O
(
n
S
N
)

O(n SN)

steps. This effectiveness enables us to do a random search for

P
P

with small value of

W
A
F
O
M

(
P
)

{\mathrm {WAFOM}}(P)

, which would be difficult for other figures of merit such as discrepancy. From an analogy to coding theory, we expect that a random search may find better point sets than mathematical constructions. In fact, a naïve search finds point sets

P
P

with small

W
A
F
O
M

(
P
)

{\mathrm {WAFOM}}(P)

. In experiments, we show better performance of these point sets in QMC integration than widely used QMC rules. We show some experimental evidence on the effectiveness of our point sets to even nonsmooth integrands appearing in finance.
Pretreatment of Oil Palm Fronds for Improving Hemicelluloses Content for Higher Recovery of Xylose
Authors: M. S. Siti Sabrina, , A. R. Roshanida, , N. Norzita, 
Published: September 2013

Lignocelluloses material is known as a potential biomass for conversion into value-added product. Utilization of biomass for beneficial products particularly food and health-related, has gained increasing attention among researchers worldwide and the potential usage of the lignocelluloses biomass is much sought after nowadays. An oil palm frond (OPF) has a great potential to be used as a precursor for production of xylose. In order to increase the yield of xylose, pretreatment of lignocelluloses biomass is important as it will for example, enhance the accessibility of enzyme to convert hemicelluloses xylan into xylose. Therefore in this study, OPF was pre-treated using dilute acid hydrolysis (H2SO4), alkali (NaOH), and autohydrolysis methods. The result showed that autohydrolysis gave higher hemicelluloses content which was 27.80±0.35% as compared to alkali and dilute acid pretreatment with 17.51±0.61% and 27.37±1.89%, respectively. The autohydrolysis pretreated samples were then used for further enzymatic hydrolysis for xylan breakdown into xylose. Recovery of xylose was found to be higher at higher xylanase activity which was16 U. Reaction time of 48 h with 1% substrate was able to produce up to 0.795 g/L xylose.
Reduction of Major Pollutants via Air-staged Commbustion on Burner System
Authors: Mohd. Jaafar Mohammad Nazri , Zaini Mohd Nur Hanafi 
Published: September 2013

Emission from the combustion processes can cause adverse effect to the environment. The formation of pollutants such as NOx, CO, CO2 and SOx are hazardous and harmful to the ecosystem. The awareness about the pollution due to the combustion activities, particularly in industrial field has set off an effort to find more comprehensive and enhanced technologies to reduce these pollutants. There are several methods that can be used to reduce the emissions of these pollutants either by combustion modifications or post combustion treatment. In this research, the method used is the post combustion treatment, i.e. the air staging method. By air staging techniques, some of the combustion air will be directed into the primary combustion zone, while the remaining air is directed into the secondary zone. The function of the secondary air is to reduce the peak flame temperatures, which theoretically reduce the emissions of NOx emissions. The primary concern for this research is to study the effectiveness of the air staging in reducing NOx, CO, SO2, and UHC emissions from the combustion process. The results obtained showed significant reduction in all major pollutants, i.e., a 31.8 percent reduction for CO emission, 16.8 percent for NOx, 12.7 percent for SO2 and 10.3 percent for UHC. These reductions were obtained at different equivalence ratios for different gases.
Deconstructing Amazon EC2 Spot Instance Pricing
Authors: Agmon Ben-Yehuda Orna , Ben-Yehuda Muli , Schuster Assaf , Tsafrir Dan 
Published: September 2013

Cloud providers possessing large quantities of spare capacity must either incentivize clients to purchase it or suffer losses. Amazon is the first cloud provider to address this challenge, by allowing clients to bid on spare capacity and by granting resources to bidders while their bids exceed a periodically changing spot price. Amazon publicizes the spot price but does not disclose how it is determined.By analyzing the spot price histories of Amazon’s EC2 cloud, we reverse engineer how prices are set and construct a model that generates prices consistent with existing price traces. Our findings suggest that usually prices are not market-driven, as sometimes previously assumed. Rather, they are likely to be generated most of the time at random from within a tight price range via a dynamic hidden reserve price mechanism. Our model could help clients make informed bids, cloud providers design profitable systems, and researchers design pricing algorithms.
Retinoic acid has different effects on UCP1 expression in mouse and human adipocytes
Authors: Murholm Maria , Isidor Marie S , Basse Astrid L , Winther Sally , Sørensen Cathrine , Skovgaard-Petersen Jonas , Nielsen Maja M , Hansen Aina S , Quistorff Bjørn , Hansen Jacob B 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
Increased adipose thermogenesis is being considered as a strategy aimed at preventing or reversing obesity. Thus, regulation of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene in human adipocytes is of significant interest. Retinoic acid (RA), the carboxylic acid form of vitamin A, displays agonist activity toward several nuclear hormone receptors, including RA receptors (RARs) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ). Moreover, RA is a potent positive regulator of UCP1 expression in mouse adipocytes.

Results
The effects of all-trans RA (ATRA) on UCP1 gene expression in models of mouse and human adipocyte differentiation were investigated. ATRA induced UCP1 expression in all mouse white and brown adipocytes, but inhibited or had no effect on UCP1 expression in human adipocyte cell lines and primary human white adipocytes. Experiments with various RAR agonists and a RAR antagonist in mouse cells demonstrated that the stimulatory effect of ATRA on UCP1 gene expression was indeed mediated by RARs. Consistently, a PPARδ agonist was without effect. Moreover, the ATRA-mediated induction of UCP1 expression in mouse adipocytes was independent of PPARγ coactivator-1α.

Conclusions
UCP1 expression is differently affected by ATRA in mouse and human adipocytes. ATRA induces UCP1 expression in mouse adipocytes through activation of RARs, whereas expression of UCP1 in human adipocytes is not increased by exposure to ATRA.
Beneficial association of serum ghrelin and peptide YY with bone mineral density in the Newfoundland population
Authors: Amini Peyvand , Cahill Farrell , Wadden Danny , Ji Yunqi , Pedram Pardis , Vidyasankar Sangeetha , Yi Yanqing , Gulliver Wayne , Paterno Gary , Zhang Hongwei , Rideout Alecia , Sun Guang 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackgroundGhrelin and peptide YY (PYY) are appetite regulating hormones secreted from the gastrointestinal tract (gut). Aside from their known effect on energy homeostasis, accumulating data indicates that these gut hormones also affect bone metabolism. However, data regarding the influence of ghrelin and PYY on bone density in humans is very limited, and the results are inconclusive. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the potential association between circulating ghrelin and PYY with bone density indices in the general population.MethodsA total of 2257 adult subjects from the CODING (Complex Diseases in the Newfoundland Population: Environment and Genetics) study participated in this investigation. Acylated ghrelin and total PYY were measured in serum after a 12-hour fasting, with the Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the spine, femoral neck, and total hip. Multiple regression analyses adjusting for age, BMI, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption were employed to analyze the association between serum ghrelin and PYY with bone mineral density parameters.ResultsSignificant positive associations of ghrelin concentration with L2-L4 BMD, L2-L4 Z-score, femoral neck BMD, femoral neck Z-score, total hip BMD, and total hip Z-score were found in women. No significant correlations between ghrelin and bone density indices were present in men. After dividing the female group into pre-menopausal and post-menopausal, ghrelin was positively correlated with femoral neck Z-score, and total hip Z-score in pre-menopausal women and L2-L4 BMD, and Z-score in post-menopausal group. Moreover, no significant association was discovered between serum PYY and bone density at any site.ConclusionOur results suggest a beneficial association of circulating ghrelin concentration with bone density in women at the population level. This association is independent of major confounding factors including BMI, physical activity, age, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Effect of menopause on this association seemed to be site specific. However, PYY does not seem to be associated with bone density parameters.
Non-invasive evaluation of energy loss in the pulmonary arteries using 4D phase contrast MR measurement: a proof of concept
Authors: Lee Namheon , Taylor Michael D , Hor Kan N , Banerjee Rupak K 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

Background
The repair surgery of congenital heart disease (CHD) associated with the right ventricular (RV)-pulmonary artery (PA) pathophysiology often left patients with critical post-operative lesions, leading to regurgitation and obstruction in the PAs. These lesions need longitudinal (with time) assessment for monitoring the RV function, in order for patients to have appropriate treatment before irreversible RV dysfunction occurs. In this research, we computed energy loss in the branch PAs using blood flow and pressure drop data obtained from 4D phase contrast (PC) MRI, to non-invasively quantify the RV-PA pathophysiology.

Methods
4D PC MRI was acquired for a CHD patient with abnormal RV-PA physiology, including pulmonary regurgitation and PA stenosis, and a subject with normal RV-PA physiology. The blood velocity, flow rate, and pressure drop data, obtained from 4D PC MRI, were used to compute and compare the energy loss values between the patient and normal subjects.

Results
The pressure drop in the branch PAs for the patient was −1.3 mmHg/s and −0.2 mmHg/s for the RPA and LPA, respectively, and was larger (one order of magnitude) than that for the control. Similarly, the total energy loss in the branch PAs for the patient, -96.9 mJ/s and −16.4 mJ/s, for the RPA and LPA, respectively, was larger than that for the control.

Conclusions
The amount of energy loss in the pulmonary blood flow for the patient was considerably larger than the normal subject due to PA regurgitation and PA stenosis. Thus, we believe that the status of RV-PA pathophysiology for CHD patients can be evaluated non-invasively using energy loss endpoint.