bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
13. LA COSA JUZGADA CONSTITUCIONAL
Authors: MARANIELLO Patricio 
Published: March 2015

<p> </p><p>Una vez que se dicta sentencia y ésta queda firme, es decir, sin posibilidad de presentar ningún tipo de apelaciones o acciones posteriores, se dice que estamos frente a una cosa juzgada judicial. Es por eso que una vez que la causa pasa a ser cosa juzgada, deviene con ello el nacimiento del derecho de propiedad, y esto se encuentra protegido por la seguridad jurídica que reviste toda decisión judicial. Pero cuando la sentencia además de resolver el litigio entre dos partes (actora y demandada) realiza un análisis de constitucionalidad y declara la inconstitucionalidad de una norma, adopta una postura un poco más extensiva; a esto se lo llama “cosa juzgada constitucional”. Ello, que parece tan sencillo de explicar en la práctica, se choca con muchas situaciones que requieren de un análisis muy preciso para delinear los caminos que desarrollará la cosa juzgada constitucional, como por ejemplo, sus efectos expansivos. Estas situaciones apuntadas precedentemente variarán según el tipo o la clase de control de constitucionalidad que tenga el Estado, es decir, si están basados en el sistema concentrado, difuso o mixto.</p>
3. ÉTICA DEL DISCURSO Y FORMALISMO JUDICIAL CONSTITUCIONAL: ¿AMIGOS O ENEMIGOS?
Authors: CAMINOS Pedro 
Published: March 2015

<p> </p><p>La ética del discurso distingue entre discursos de justificación y de aplicación. Los discursos de aplicación son usados para establecer si una norma es apropiada a una situación, esto es, si el contexto de aplicación es el mismo en el que la norma fue adoptada. Esto parece conducir a una concepción particularista, pues en cada instancia de aplicación el agente debe tener en cuenta todas las circunstancias relevantes de la situación. Sin embargo, existen razones para pensar que, en casos de aplicación judicial de la constitución, los jueces deberían adoptar una actitud formalista. Este trabajo articulará algunas de esas razones.</p>
PREFÁCIO AO V.2, N.3, DA REVISTA JURÍDICA DO CESUCA
Authors: KRETSCHMANN Angela , FELDENS Guilherme De Oliveira 
Published: March 2015

<p>A Revista Jurídica do Cesuca alcança seu terceiro número com uma coleção de artigos cuidadosamente selecionados e avaliados e que vêm a público agora, em agosto de 2014. A Revista cresceu ainda mais em estrutura, em qualidade, e neste terceiro número, que inaugura seu segundo ano de nascimento, acrescentou novos indexadores internacionais e nacionais, como DOAJ, Open Journal Access, BASE (indexador alemão), SEER (vinculado ao Ibict, do Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia), Sumários.org, entre outros.</p><p>O terceiro número leva em conta a linha de pesquisa adotada pela Revista: Direitos Fundamentais, Efetividade e Cidadania. Uma Revista com acesso aberto tem uma importância fundamental para a comunidade acadêmica, que não apenas pensa e quer acesso a conteúdo de qualidade, mas que produz conteúdo de qualidade. E de acordo com o CNPQ, uma linha de pesquisa deve representar temas que reúnam estudos científicos, aglutinando pesquisas com tradição investigativa, que levam a projetos que tragam resultados com afinidades, por isso a Revista Jurídica do Cesuca adota a linha Direitos Fundamentais, Efetividade e Cidadania, enlaçando tópicos estreitamente vinculados entre si, que às vezes se complementam teoricamente, e muitas vezes se estranham de modo irremediável, na prática.</p><p>A equipe editorial considera importante aprofundar o estudo das relações entre direitos fundamentais, efetividade e cidadania, principalmente na perspectiva interdisciplinar. Percebe-se que a manifestação do exercício de direitos fundamentais, estreitamente vinculados à cidadania é condicionada por normas vinculadas a direitos fundamentais, estas que orientam a forma de alcançar a efetiva a realização dos direitos. Sobressaem-se os aspectos culturais e valorativos, juntamente com questões de ordem política, jurídica e econômica, e assim o presente número traz uma densidade de artigos comprometidos de modo especial com essa preocupação temática.</p><p>A cada edição a Revista ganha assistentes editoriais que acompanham de perto o processo editorial. A edição anterior contou com o apoio da professora Jaqueline Mielke Silva, auxiliando na indicação de avaliadores específicos para os artigos, assim como, participando ativamente de todas as decisões editoriais. Para a presente edição exerceram essa importante atividade os professores Guilherme de Oliveira Feldens e Emerson de Lima Pinto, sem os quais, a presente edição não teria condições de ser publicada. Um agradecimento especial também ao professor Renato Selayaram, que sendo editor assistente da próxima edição, desde já colaborou incansavelmente também para a publicação do presente número.</p>
4. A EXTRAFISCALIDADE COMO INSTRUMENTO DE IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DOS DIREITOS FUNDAMENTAIS SOCIAIS NO BRASIL
Authors: CALIENDO Paulo 
Published: March 2015

<p>O problema do presente texto é tratar <em>tributação com finalidades extrafiscais </em>como instrumento de implementação dos direitos sociais no Brasil. Quais são as possibilidades da extrafiscalidade como meio de promoção dos direitos fundamentais? Quais são os princípios que o orientam? Em suma, como o Estado ordena, intervém e promove os direitos fundamentais em Estado Democrático de Direito, por meio do uso de instrumentos tributários.A tributação historicamente tem sido pensada sob a ótica da fiscalidade, ou seja, como forma de financiamento do Estado e custeio de suas atividades principais. Em período recente o Estado adquiriu novas funções, tais como promover direitos fundamentais prestacionais (educação, saúde, habitação, meio ambiente equilibrado, etc.) e corrigir falhas de mercado. Para além de suas funções clássicas, novas e mais complexas atividades têm se somado, exigindo uma resposta sobre como compatibilizar estas novas funções com o texto constitucional. </p>
Level of Interleukin‐35 in Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Saliva, and Plasma in Periodontal Disease and Health
Authors: Köseoğlu Serhat , Sağlam Mehmet , Pekbağrıyanık Tuğba , Savran Levent , Sütçü Recep 
Published: March 2015

Background: A novel member of the interleukin (IL)‐12 family, IL‐35 is an important inhibitory cytokine released by regulatory T cells. The aim of this study is to evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), saliva, and plasma levels of IL‐35 in periodontal disease and health.Methods: Samples of GCF, whole saliva, and plasma were obtained from systemically healthy, non‐smoking individuals with gingivitis (n = 20) or chronic periodontitis (CP) (n = 20) and periodontally healthy individuals (n = 20). Full‐mouth clinical periodontal measurements, including probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing, gingival index, and plaque index (PI), were also recorded. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine IL‐35 levels in the samples. Data were tested statistically by analysis of variance and Pearson rank correlation test.Results: All clinical parameters were significantly higher in the CP group than the healthy and gingivitis groups (P <0.001). The GCF total amount of IL‐35 was significantly higher in the CP group than the other groups (P = 0.04), whereas the GCF concentration of IL‐35 was significantly higher in the healthy group than the other groups (P = 0.002). There were significant differences among the study groups in terms of salivary IL‐35 level (P <0.001), with the highest level observed in the healthy group and the lowest in the CP group. There was no statistical difference between groups in plasma levels of IL‐35 (P >0.05). There was a positive correlation between GCF total amount of IL‐35 and PD (r = 0.338, P = 0.03) and PI (r = 0.374, P = 0.005) parameters.Conclusions: IL‐35 could have an important role in suppressing periodontal inflammation and maintaining periodontal health. Additional studies are required to evaluate its role in periodontal diseases.
Conditioned Medium of Demineralized Freeze‐Dried Bone Activates Gene Expression in Periodontal Fibroblasts In Vitro
Authors: Filho Guenther Schuldt , Caballé‐Serrano Jordi , Sawada Kosaku , Bosshardt Dieter D. , Bianchini Marco Aurélio , Buser Daniel , Gruber Reinhard 
Published: March 2015

Background:Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is used for the treatment of osseous defects. Conditioned medium from native bone chips can activate transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β signaling in mesenchymal cells. The aim of this study is to determine whether processing of native bone into DBM affects the activity of the conditioned medium.Methods:Porcine cortical bone blocks were subjected to defatting, different concentrations of hydrochloric acid, and various temperatures. DBM was lyophilized, ground, and placed into culture medium. Human gingiva and periodontal fibroblasts were exposed to the respective conditioned medium obtained from DBM (DBCM). Changes in the expression of TGF‐β target genes were determined.Results:DBCM altered the expression of TGF‐β target genes (e.g.,adrenomedullin, pentraxin 3, KN motifandankyrin repeat domains 4, interleukin 11, NADPH oxidase 4,andBTB [POZ] domain containing 11) by at least five‐fold. The response was observed in fibroblasts from both sources. Defatting lowered the activity of DBCM. The TGF‐β receptor type I kinase inhibitor SB431542 [4‐(4‐(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol‐5‐yl)‐5‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)benzamide] but not the inhibitor of bone morphogenetic protein receptor dorsomorphin, blocked the effects of DBCM on gene expression. Moreover, conditioned medium obtained from commercial human DBM modulated the expression of TGF‐β target genes.Conclusion:The findings suggest that the DBCM can activate TGF‐β signaling in oral fibroblasts.
Factors Associated With Increased Cesarean Risk Among African American Women: Evidence From California, 2010
Authors: Huesch Marco , Doctor Jason N. 
Published: March 2015

Objectives. We studied if both observed and unobserved maternal health in African American women in hospitals or communities were associated with cesarean delivery of infants. Methods. We examined the relationship between African American race and cesarean delivery among 493 433 women discharged from 255 Californian hospitals in 2010 using administrative data; we adjusted for patient comorbidities and maternal, fetal, and placental risk factors, as well as clustering of patients within hospitals. Results. Cesarean rates were significantly higher overall for African American women than other women (unadjusted rate 36.8% vs 32.7%), as were both elective and emergency primary cesarean rates. Elevated risks persisted after risk adjustment (odds ratio generally > 1.27), but the prevalence of particular risk factors varied. Although African American women were clustered in some hospitals, the proportion of African Americans among all women delivering in a hospital was not related to its overall cesarean rate. Conclusions. To address the higher likelihood of elective cesarean delivery, attention needs to be given to currently unmeasured patient-level health factors, to the quality of provider–physician interactions, as well as to patient preferences.
Images of a Healthy Worksite: A Group-Randomized Trial for Worksite Weight Gain Prevention With Employee Participation in Intervention Design
Authors: Fernandez I. Diana , Chin Nancy P. , Devine Carol M. , Dozier Ann M. , Martina Camille A. , McIntosh Scott , Thevenet-Morrison Kelly , Yang Hongmei 
Published: March 2015

Objectives. We assessed the effects of a worksite multiple-component intervention addressing diet and physical activity on employees’ mean body mass index (BMI) and the percentage of employees who were overweight or obese. Methods. This group-randomized trial (n = 3799) was conducted at 10 worksites in the northeastern United States. Worksites were paired and allocated into intervention and control conditions. Within- and between-groups changes in mean BMIs and in the percentage of overweight or obese employees were examined in a volunteer sample. Results. Within-group mean BMIs decreased by 0.54 kilograms per meter squared (P = .02) and 0.12 kilograms per meter squared (P = .73) at the intervention and control worksites, respectively, resulting in a difference in differences (DID) decrease of 0.42 kilograms per meter squared (P = .33). The within-group percentage of overweight or obese employees decreased by 3.7% (P = .07) at the intervention worksites and increased by 4.9% (P = .1) at the control worksites, resulting in a DID decline of 8.6% (P = .02). Conclusions. Our findings support a worksite population strategy that might eventually reduce the prevalence of overweight and obesity by minimizing environmental exposures to calorically dense foods and increasing exposures to opportunities for energy expenditure within worksite settings.
Violence Against Women in Selected Areas of the United States
Authors: Montgomery Brooke E. E. , Rompalo Anne , Hughes James , Wang Jing , Haley Danielle , Soto-Torres Lydia , Chege Wairimu , Justman Jessica , Kuo Irene , Golin Carol , Frew Paula , Mannheimer Sharon , Hodder Sally 
Published: March 2015

Objectives. We determined the prevalence of recent emotional, physical, and sexual violence against women and their associations with HIV-related risk factors in women living in the United States. Methods. We performed an assessment of women ages 18 to 44 years with a history of unprotected sex and 1 or more personal or partner HIV risk factors in the past 6 months from 2009 to 2010. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine the association of experiencing violence. Results. Among 2099 women, the prevalence of emotional abuse, physical violence, and sexual violence in the previous 6 months was 31%, 19%, and 7%, respectively. Nonmarried status, food insecurity, childhood abuse, depression symptomology, and posttraumatic stress disorder were significantly associated with multiple types of violence. All types of violence were associated with at least 3 different partner or personal HIV risk behaviors, including unprotected anal sex, previous sexually transmitted infection diagnosis, sex work, or partner substance abuse. Conclusions. Our data suggested that personal and partner HIV risk behaviors, mental illness, and specific forms of violence frequently co-occurred in the lives of impoverished women. We shed light on factors purported to contribute to a syndemic in this population. HIV prevention programs in similar populations should address these co-occurring issues in a comprehensive manner.
Mortality Hazard and Survival After Tuberculosis Treatment
Authors: Miller Thaddeus L. , Wilson Fernando A. , Pang Jenny W. , Beavers Suzanne , Hoger Sally , Sharnprapai Sharon , Pagaoa Melissa , Katz Dolly J. , Weis Stephen E. 
Published: March 2015

Objectives. We compared mortality among tuberculosis (TB) survivors and a similar population. Methods. We used local health authority records from 3 US sites to identify 3853 persons who completed adequate treatment of TB and 7282 individuals diagnosed with latent TB infection 1993 to 2002. We then retrospectively observed mortality after 6 to 16 years of observation. We ascertained vital status as of December 31, 2008, using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Death Index. We analyzed mortality rates, hazards, and associations using Cox regression. Results. We traced 11 135 individuals over 119 772 person-years of observation. We found more all-cause deaths (20.7% vs 3.1%) among posttreatment TB patients than among the comparison group, an adjusted average excess of 7.6 deaths per 1000 person-years (8.8 vs 1.2; P < .001). Mortality among posttreatment TB patients varied with observable factors such as race, site of disease, HIV status, and birth country. Conclusions. Fully treated TB is still associated with substantial mortality risk. Cure as currently understood may be insufficient protection against TB-associated mortality in the years after treatment, and TB prevention may be a valuable opportunity to modify this risk.
Neighborhood Availability of Convenience Stores and Diet Quality: Findings From 20 Years of Follow-Up in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study
Authors: Rummo Pasquale E. , Meyer Katie A. , Boone-Heinonen Janne , Jacobs David R. , Kiefe Catarina I. , Lewis Cora E. , Steffen Lyn M. , Gordon-Larsen Penny 
Published: March 2015

Objectives. We examined the association between neighborhood convenience stores and diet outcomes for 20 years of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. Methods. We used dietary data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study years 1985–1986, 1992–1993, and 2005–2006 (n = 3299; Birmingham, AL; Chicago, IL; Minneapolis, MN; and Oakland, CA) and geographically and temporally matched neighborhood-level food resource and US Census data. We used random effects repeated measures regression to estimate associations between availability of neighborhood convenience stores with diet outcomes and whether these associations differed by individual-level income. Results. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, greater availability of neighborhood convenience stores was associated with lower diet quality (mean score = 66.3; SD = 13.0) for participants with lower individual-level income (b = −2.40; 95% CI = −3.30, −1.51); associations at higher individual-level income were weaker. We observed similar associations with whole grain consumption across time but no statistically significant associations with consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages, snacks, processed meats, fruits, or vegetables. Conclusions. The presence of neighborhood convenience stores may be associated with lower quality diets. Low-income individuals may be most sensitive to convenience store availability.
Analysis of Hospital Community Benefit Expenditures’ Alignment With Community Health Needs: Evidence From a National Investigation of Tax-Exempt Hospitals
Authors: Singh Simone R. , Young Gary J. , Daniel Lee Shoou-Yih , Song Paula H. , Alexander Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2015

Objectives. We investigated whether federally tax-exempt hospitals consider community health needs when deciding how much and what types of community benefits to provide. Methods. Using 2009 data from hospital tax filings to the Internal Revenue Service and the 2010 County Health Rankings, we employed both univariate and multivariate analyses to examine the relationship between community health needs and the types and levels of hospitals’ community benefit expenditures. The study sample included 1522 private, tax-exempt hospitals throughout the United States. Results. We found some patterns between community health needs and hospitals’ expenditures on community benefits. Hospitals located in communities with greater health needs spent more as a percentage of their operating budgets on benefits directly related to patient care. By contrast, spending on community health improvement initiatives was unrelated to community health needs. Conclusions. Important opportunities exist for tax-exempt hospitals to improve the alignment between their community benefit activities and the health needs of the community they serve. The Affordable Care Act requirement that hospitals conduct periodic community health needs assessments may be a first step in this direction.
Public Health Departments and Accountable Care Organizations: Finding Common Ground in Population Health
Authors: Ingram Richard , Scutchfield F. Douglas , Costich Julia F. 
Published: March 2015

We examined areas of potential collaboration between accountable care organizations and public health agencies, as well as perceived barriers and facilitators. We interviewed 9 key informants on 4 topics: advantages of public health agency involvement in accountable care organizations; services public health agencies could provide; practical, cultural, and legal barriers to accountable care organization–public health agency involvement; and business models that facilitate accountable care organization–public health agency collaboration. Public health agencies could help accountable care organizations partner with community organizations and reach vulnerable patients, provide population-based services and surveillance data, and promote policies that improve member health. Barriers include accountable care organizations’ need for short-term financial yield, limited public health agency technical and financial capacity, and the absence of a financial model.
Impact of the Garrett Lee Smith Youth Suicide Prevention Program on Suicide Mortality
Authors: Walrath Christine , Garraza Lucas Godoy , Reid Hailey , Goldston David B. , McKeon Richard 
Published: March 2015

Objectives: We examined whether a reduction in youth suicide mortality occurred between 2007 and 2010 that could reasonably be attributed to Garrett Lee Smith (GLS) program efforts. Methods: We compared youth mortality rates across time between counties that implemented GLS-funded gatekeeper training sessions (the most frequently implemented suicide prevention strategy among grantees) and a set of matched counties in which no GLS-funded training occurred. A rich set of background characteristics, including preintervention mortality rates, was accounted for with a combination of propensity score–based techniques. We also analyzed closely related outcomes that we did not expect to be affected by GLS as control outcomes. Results: Counties implementing GLS training had significantly lower suicide rates among the population aged 10 to 24 years the year after GLS training than similar counties that did not implement GLS training (1.33 fewer deaths per 100 000; P = .02). Simultaneously, we found no significant difference in terms of adult suicide mortality rates or nonsuicide youth mortality the year after the implementation. Conclusions: These results support the existence of an important reduction in youth suicide rates resulting from the implementation of GLS suicide prevention programming.
Trends in Sexual Orientation Missing Data Over a Decade of the California Health Interview Survey
Authors: Jans Matt , Viana Joseph , Grant David , Cochran Susan D. , Lee Annie C. , Ponce Ninez A. 
Published: March 2015

Objectives. We explored changes in sexual orientation question item completion in a large statewide health survey. Methods. We used 2003 to 2011 California Health Interview Survey data to investigate sexual orientation item nonresponse and sexual minority self-identification trends in a cross-sectional sample representing the noninstitutionalized California household population aged 18 to 70 years (n = 182 812 adults). Results. Asians, Hispanics, limited-English-proficient respondents, and those interviewed in non-English languages showed the greatest declines in sexual orientation item nonresponse. Asian women, regardless of English-proficiency status, had the highest odds of item nonresponse. Spanish interviews produced more nonresponse than English interviews and Asian-language interviews produced less nonresponse when we controlled for demographic factors and survey cycle. Sexual minority self-identification increased in concert with the item nonresponse decline. Conclusions. Sexual orientation nonresponse declines and the increase in sexual minority identification suggest greater acceptability of sexual orientation assessment in surveys. Item nonresponse rate convergence among races/ethnicities, language proficiency groups, and interview languages shows that sexual orientation can be measured in surveys of diverse populations.