bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical characteristics of commercial and home-made nasal lavage solutions
Authors: Lilic N , Waldvogel-Thurlow S , Douglas R G 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIntroduction:Nasal saline lavage forms a cornerstone of chronic rhinosinusitis management. A number of saline lavage recipes and products are currently available but little is known of their relative physical characteristics.Aims:To determine the osmolarity and pH of nasal lavage solutions, both commercial preparations and home-made recipes, and to determine the reproducibility of saline solution preparation.Methods:Five home-made recipes and two commercial products were prepared in triplicate and analysed. Eight consecutive clinic patients prepared a commercial product and 11 prepared a home-made recipe, and the osmolarity and pH were measured.Results:The osmolarity of the solutions varied widely, from 140 to 788 mmol/l and the pH varied from 7.88 to 8.50. The commercial and home-made solutions had similar reproducibility when prepared by patients.Conclusion:Some recipes were markedly hypo-osmolar and some were hyper-osmolar. All were slightly alkaline. The home-made recipes had similar physical characteristics and reproducibility to commercial preparations.
Modified Lothrop procedure in cystic fibrosis patients: does it have a role?
Authors: Jaberoo M-C , Pulido M-A , Saleh H A 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground:The management of frontal sinus disease in cystic fibrosis patients represents a challenge for many surgeons. Procedures can vary from the minimally invasive to those involving extensive open surgery.Objective:This study describes the outcomes of the endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure, in terms of safety and morbidity, for cystic fibrosis patients with frontal sinus disease who did not improve following traditional functional endoscopic sinus surgery.Method and results:The study setting was a tertiary referral unit in a London teaching hospital, the largest national base for adult cystic fibrosis patients. Two patients diagnosed in childhood with cystic fibrosis presented with histories of recurrent, severe frontal sinusitis; both had previously undergone multiple endoscopic sinus surgical procedures. The modified Lothrop procedure was performed on both patients. The outcome measures were symptom resolution and post-operative complications.Conclusion:The endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure was beneficial in the cystic fibrosis patients with frontal sinus disease who failed to respond to standard functional endoscopic sinus surgery procedures.
Current status of the genetics and molecular taxonomy ofEchinococcusspecies
Authors: McMANUS D. P. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYThe taxonomy ofEchinococcushas long been controversial. Based mainly on differences in morphology and host-parasite specificity characteristics, 16 species and 13 subspecies were originally described. Subsequently, most of these taxa were regarded as synonyms forEchinococcus granulosusand only 4 valid species were recognised:E. granulosus;E. multilocularis;E. oligarthrusandE. vogeli. But, over the past 50 years, laboratory and field observations have revealed considerable phenotypic variability between isolates ofEchinococcus, particularly those ofE. granulosus, which include differences in: morphology in both larval and adult stages, developmentin vitroandin vivo, host infectivity and specificity, chemical composition, metabolism, proteins and enzymes, pathogenicity and antigenicity. The application of molecular tools has revealed differences in nucleic acid sequences that reflect this phenotypic variation and the genetic and phenotypic characteristics complement the previous observations made by the descriptive parasitologists many years ago. The fact that some of these variants or strains are poorly or not infective to humans has resulted in a reappraisal of the public health significance ofEchinococcusin areas where such variants occur. A revised taxonomy for species in theEchinococcusgenus has been proposed that is generally accepted, and is based on the new molecular data and the biological and epidemiological characteristics of host-adapted species and strains.
The Poetics of Naevius' ‘Epitaph’ and the History of Latin Poetry
Authors: Krostenko Brian A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAn analysis of the formal features of the ‘epitaph’ of the poet Naevius reveals the handiwork of a later author who admired the older style of poetry represented by Naevius and used the allusive features of that style to reflect on the changing character of Latin poetics and its relationship to Hellenism. The very poetics of the epigram reveal a thoughtful attempt to admit Hellenic affect without sacrificing Roman sensibilities. Especially important is the relationship between divine and mortal and the proper hierarchy of the social world. The epigram is, in short, one literary reflection of the cultural and social struggles of the mid-second centuryb.c.
Energy balance and obesity: a UK perspective on the gluttonyv.sloth debate
Authors: Millward D. Joe 
Published: June 2013

Obesity in the UK was assumed to have developed against a population decline in physical activity, with health messages focused on diet and exercise prevention strategies. Doubly-labelled water (DLW) studies of energy expenditure have indicated the alternative scenario that the increased obesity prevalence reflects excessive food energy intake with physical activity levels unchanged. This analysis is questionable, deriving in part from a weakness of the DLW methodology in identifying changing physical activity levels within populations of increasing body weight. This has resulted in an underestimation of the reduction in physical activity in the overweight and obese, as revealed by direct studies of such behaviour. Furthermore, a close examination of food energy supply, household food purchases and individual food energy consumption since 1955, in relation to likely estimates of current intakes indicated by simple modelling of predicted energy expenditure, identifies: (a) food energy supply as markedly overestimating energy intakes; (b) individual food energy consumption as markedly underestimating energy intakes; and (c) household food purchase data as the closest match to predicted current food energy intakes. Energy intakes indicated by this latter method have fallen by between 20 to 30 %, suggesting comparable falls in physical activity. Although unequivocal evidence for a matching UK trend in falling physical activity is limited, as is evidence that obesity follows reductions in physical activity, such a link has been recently suggested in a large prospective study in adolescents. Thus, for the UK, obesity has developed within a ‘move less–eat somewhat less but still too much’ scenario. A focus on both diet and exercise should remain the appropriate public health policy.
Genetic variability of phytic acid phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus in cultivated groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Hande Poonam A. , Mondal Suvendu , Badigannavar A. M. , D'Souza S. F. 
Published: June 2013

The presence of excessive phytic acids in foods exerts undesirable antinutritional effects while their agricultural product is utilized as food for humans and as fodder for animals. In this study, 40 cultivated groundnut genotypes were grown in two years and used to estimate the phytic acid phosphorus (PAP) and inorganic phosphorus (InP) contents. The PAP content differed significantly (P= 0.01) among the genotypes and ranged from 149.3 to 315.0 mg PAP/100 g seed with an average of 227.6 mg PAP/100 g seed. The genotypes TG 17 and TG 67 had the highest (315 mg) and the lowest (149.3 mg) PAP content, respectively. The InP content ranged from 58.7 mg/100 g seed in the SG 99 genotype to 102.6 mg/100 g seed in the TG 40 genotype, with a mean of 82.6 mg/100 g seed. The ratio of InP to PAP varied from 0.24 to 0.56. A significantly higher InP:PAP ratio was found in the genotypes TKG 19A, TAG 24, TG 37A, TBG 39 (TDG 39), TG 51, TG 67 and GG 7, which was due to either an increase in InP content or a decrease in PAP content.
Promoting Critical Islam: Controversy, Civil Society, Revolution
Authors: Tampio Nicholas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCritical Islam is an intellectual orientation that prizes timeliness and broad-mindedness and a political sensibility that tends to honor majority rule, minority rights, and the good of pluralism. This essay considers how an important European Muslim scholar, Tariq Ramadan, promotes critical Islam in his call for a moratorium on stoning, his argument for the reformation offatwacommittees, and his analysis of the Arab Awakening. The essay argues that the art of controversy and the building of civil society—more so than political revolution—can cultivate a critical sensibility among Muslim scholars and publics.
Noninvasive remote activation of the ventral midbrain by transcranial direct current stimulation of prefrontal cortex
Authors: Chib V S , Yun K , Takahashi H , Shimojo S 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe midbrain lies deep within the brain and has an important role in reward, motivation, movement and the pathophysiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, depression and addiction. To date, the primary means of acting on this region has been with pharmacological interventions or implanted electrodes. Here we introduce a new noninvasive brain stimulation technique that exploits the highly interconnected nature of the midbrain and prefrontal cortex to stimulate deep brain regions. Using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the prefrontal cortex, we were able to remotely activate the interconnected midbrain and cause increases in participants’ appraisals of facial attractiveness. Participants with more enhanced prefrontal/midbrain connectivity following stimulation exhibited greater increases in attractiveness ratings. These results illustrate that noninvasive direct stimulation of prefrontal cortex can induce neural activity in the distally connected midbrain, which directly effects behavior. Furthermore, these results suggest that this tDCS protocol could provide a promising approach to modulate midbrain functions that are disrupted in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Fat dipole antenna with broadband balun using CPW‐to‐slotline field transformation
Authors: Hong Y.‐P. 
Published: June 2013

Presented is a fat dipole antenna having square radiating elements fed by a broadband balun based on coplanar‐waveguide (CPW)‐to‐slotline field transformation followed by multi‐section slotlines for impedance transformation. The measured results of the broadband balun show a passband of 500 MHz to 5 GH and insertion loss less than 1 dB. The amplitude imbalance is approximately 0.38 dB and the phase imbalance is less than 4.5o over the entire operation range. In this design, by co‐designing the radiating element with the broadband balun, a fat dipole antenna covering from 3 to 5 GHz with an omnidirectional radiation pattern and a maximum gain of 2 dBi is designed, while retaining a size of 38.9 × 80.6 mm.
Three octave ultra‐wideband 3‐port circulator in 0.11 µm CMOS
Authors: Kim S.M. , Kim Y.H. 
Published: June 2013

A three octave ultra‐wideband 3‐port circulator is proposed and implemented using 110 nm CMOS technology. The circulator operates across the frequency range from 0.5 to 4 GHz with supply voltage of 3 and − 3 V. The measured insertion loss is from 1.3 to 4.9 dB, return loss is better than 12 dB and isolation is more than 12 dB.
Dynamic characteristics of the corona discharge during the energised icing process of conductors
Authors: Hu Qin , Li Te , Shu Lichun , Jiang Xingliang , Luo Baosong 
Published: June 2013

Considerable differences exist between the energised icing process and the non‐energised icing process of conductors. The main reasons that contribute to these differences are the complex interactions between the icing process and the corona discharge. To reveal these interactions, the dynamic characteristics of the corona discharge in energised icing process have to be studied. The energised icing tests of conductors are carried out in the artificial climate chamber. The short‐term statistical characteristic and the long‐term variance trend of corona properties are obtained by using the Q–V trace method. Experimental results are analysed as well. The results indicate that the distribution of the magnitude and the power of the discharge approximately obeys the normal distribution. Also, with the accumulating of the ice, the mean values of the short‐term discharge power and the magnitude increase initially then saturation appears after the increasing period. The saturation time is related to the icing velocity of the conductor. When the electric field strength is >10 kV/cm, the icing velocity will decrease if the electric field is increased. The standard deviations of the magnitude remain in the same level when the electric field is varying.
High-intensity coherent vacuum ultraviolet source using unfocussed commercial dye lasers
Authors: Albert Daniel R. , Proctor David L. , Floyd Davis H. 
Published: June 2013

Using two or three commercial pulsed nanosecond dye lasers pumped by a single 30 Hz Nd:YAG laser, generation of 0.10 mJ pulses at 125 nm (6 × 1013 photons/pulse) has been demonstrated by resonance enhanced four-wave mixing of collimated (unfocussed) laser beams in mercury (Hg) vapor. Phase matching at various vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) wavelengths is achieved by tuning one laser in the vicinity of the 6 1S0 → 6 3P1 resonance near 253.1 nm. A number of different mixing schemes are characterized. Our observations using broadband lasers (∼0.15 cm−1 bandwidths) are compared to previous calculations pertaining to four-wave mixing of low intensity narrowband laser beams. Prospects for further increases in pulse energies are discussed. We find that VUV tuning curves and intensities are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The utility of the VUV light source is demonstrated by “soft universal” single-photon VUV ionization in crossed molecular beam studies and for generation of light at 130.2 nm for oxygen atom Rydberg time-of-flight experiments.
Chemical and cytokine features of innate immunity characterize serum and tissue profiles in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Knutson Charles G. , Mangerich Aswin , Zeng Yu , Raczynski Arkadiusz R. , Liberman Rosa G. , Kang Pilsoo , Ye Wenjie , Prestwich Erin G. , Lu Kun , Wishnok John S. , Korzenik Joshua R. , Wogan Gerald N. , Fox James G. , Dedon Peter C. , Tannenbaum Steven R. 
Published: June 2013

Significance
Our study investigates chemical damage associated with chronic inflammation and relates these macromolecular damage products to inflammatory bowel disease activity. Using mice as a model system, we show that chronic inflammatory responses that are common to mice and humans produce similar types and quantities of damage products in both species. Additional analysis of signaling molecules in the serum and tissue of diseased samples highlights the role of the innate immune response in the overall pathology of inflammatory bowel disease.
Single dose of
l
-dopa makes extinction memories context-independent and prevents the return of fear
Authors: Haaker Jan , Gaburro Stefano , Sah Anupam , Gartmann Nina , Lonsdorf Tina B. , Meier Kolja , Singewald Nicolas , Pape Hans-Christian , Morellini Fabio , Kalisch Raffael 
Published: June 2013

Significance
Traumatic events can engender persistent excessive fear responses to trauma reminders that may return even after successful treatment. In the psychotherapy of fear or anxiety disorders, patients make safety experiences that generate fear-inhibitory safety memories. Fear, however, frequently returns because safety memory retrieval fails. We find that safety memories can be strengthened and are more easily retrieved when adding a standard anti-Parkinson drug that augments brain levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine directly after a safety experience. In mice and humans, this treatment up-regulates an anti-fear area in the frontal cortex. Our findings open a unique avenue for improving psychotherapy.
Open access metadata: current practices and proposed solutions
Authors: HUTCHENS Chad 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTNearly every major publisher offers open access content of some sort, but open access metadata standards are non‐existent amongst content providers. Users, librarians, content providers, and technology vendors who offer OpenURL resolvers and discovery services all stand to benefit from standardized ways to indicate what content is open access and what is not. Additionally, all stakeholders would benefit from a standardized method by which one can ascertain what form of open access any content may be; indeed, there are many definitions of open access. There is ample evidence that every publisher handles their content metadata differently and this creates inefficiencies in the scholarly information supply chain and leads to user confusion. Many initiatives are currently working on solutions to these problems including the NISO KBART workgroup, NISO's Open Discovery Initiative, and NISO's very recently created Open Access Initiative. There are also pre‐existing concepts based on services, such as CrossRef's CrossMark service and discovery systems that hold promise with respect to open access content and metadata.
Beyond online preprints: formalization of open initiatives in China
Authors: REN Xiang 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTA growing number of online journals and academic platforms are adopting light peer review or ‘publish then filter’ models of scholarly communication. These approaches have the advantage of enabling instant exchanges of knowledge between academics and are part of a wider search for alternatives to traditional peer review and certification processes in scholarly publishing. However, establishing credibility and identifying the correct balance between communication and scholarly rigour remains an important challenge for digital communication platforms targeting academic communities. This paper looks at a highly influential, government‐backed, open publishing platform in China: Science Paper Online, which is using transparent post‐publication peer‐review processes to encourage innovation and address systemic problems in China's traditional academic publishing system. There can be little doubt that the Chinese academic publishing landscape differs in important ways from counterparts in the United States and Western Europe. However, this article suggests that developments in China also provide important lessons about the potential of digital technology and government policy to facilitate a large‐scale shift towards more open and networked models of scholarly communication.
Vocabulary extraction in foreign‐language journals: how natural language processing can help readers
Authors: Sun JILAN 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTDigital publishing enables new features beyond simple electronic availability and searching. One of these can be helping readers understand articles that are not in their native language by providing word extraction services using natural language processing on publishers' platforms. This would help in both electronic and paper formats. This paper analyzes the feasibility of vocabulary extraction and gives corresponding extraction strategies for ‘normal’ words as well as technical terms.
Sclerotium rolfsii Causes White Rot on Taro in Korea
Authors: Kwon J.-H. , Kang D.-W. , Kim J. 
Published: June 2013

Taro (Colocasia esculenta L.) is grown throughout the world primarily for its tubers, which become edible after cooking. Taro stems are often used in a traditional soup in South Korea. In September 2012, a suspected white rot of taro occurred in a farmer's fields in Jinju, South Korea. Infected plants gradually withered, a white mycelial mat appeared, and numerous sclerotia developed on the surface of petioles near the soil line. The heavily infected petioles rotted and the entire plant eventually died. The freshly isolated pathogenic fungus was grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and examined microscopically. Aerial mycelia usually formed many narrow hyphal strands 4 to 8 μm wide. The white mycelia formed a typical clamp connection structure after 6 days growth at 25°C. The sclerotia were white at first, gradually turned dark brown, and were 1 to 3 mm in diameter. Small globoid sclerotia formed abundantly on PDA after 18 days of growth. Ten 2-month-old potted taro plants were inoculated with S. rolfsii-colonized agar discs directly at the base of each plant and kept at 25°C in a greenhouse to test pathogenicity. Three taro plants were inoculated similarly with uncolonized agar discs as controls. Eight days after inoculation, blight symptoms were observed, and S. rolfsii was reisolated from the artificially inoculated plants. The control taro plants remained healthy. We amplified and sequenced an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region of the isolate using the ITS1 (5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′) and ITS4 (5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′) primers to confirm the identity of the fungus (2). The resulting 684-bp sequence was deposited in GenBank (Accession No. KC491876). A comparison with other sequences available in the GenBank database revealed that the ITS sequence shared 100% similarity with Sclerotium rolfsii sequences (HQ420816 and JN017199). Based on the symptoms, mycological characteristics, ITS sequence analysis, and host plant pathogenicity, this fungus was identified as S. rolfsii Saccardo (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of white rot in taro caused by S. rolfsii in Korea. References: (1) J. E. Mordue. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. No. 410, 1974. (2) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, New York, 1990.