bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Navigated guide tube for the placement of mini-open pedicle screws using stereotactic 3D navigation without the use of K-wires
Authors: Shin Benjamin J. , Njoku Innocent U. , Tsiouris A. John , Härtl Roger 
Published: November 2012

Object
Three-dimensional spinal navigation increases screw accuracy, but its implementation in clinical practice has been difficult, mainly because of surgeons' concerns about increased operative times, disturbance of workflow, and safety. The authors present a custom-designed navigated guide that addresses some of these concerns by allowing for drilling, tapping, and placing the final screw via a minimally invasive approach without the need for K-wires. In this paper, the authors' goal was to describe the technical aspects of the navigated guide tube as well as pedicle screw accuracy.

Methods
The authors present the technical details of a navigated guide that allows drilling, tapping, and the placement of the final screw without the need for K-wires. The first 10 patients who received minimally invasive mini-open spinal pedicle screws are presented. The case series focuses on the immediate postoperative outcomes, pedicle screw accuracy, and pedicle screw–related complications. An independent board-certified neuroradiologist determined pedicle screw accuracy according to a 4-tiered grading system.

Results
The navigated guide allowed successful placement of mini-open pedicle screws as part of posterior fixation from L-1 to S-1 without the use of K-wires. Only 7-mm-diameter screws were placed, and 72% of screws were completely contained within the pedicle. Breaches less than 2 mm were seen in 23% of cases, and these were all lateral except for one screw. Breaches were related to the lateral to medial trajectory chosen to avoid the superior facet joint. There were no complications related to pedicle screw insertion.

Conclusions
A novel customized navigated guide tube is presented that facilitates the workflow and allows accurate placement of mini-open pedicle screws without the need for K-wires.
Comparative analysis of state-level concussion legislation and review of current practices in concussion
Authors: Tomei Krystal L. , Doe Christopher , Prestigiacomo Charles J. , Gandhi Chirag D. 
Published: November 2012

Object
Forty-two states and the District of Columbia have passed legislation based on the Lystedt law of Washington state, enacted in 2009 to protect young athletes who have sustained a concussion. The aim of this study was to note the several similarities and differences among the various laws.

Methods
Concussion legislation was compared for 50 states and the District of Columbia. Evaluation parameters of this study included stipulations of concussion education, criteria for removal from play, requirements for evaluation and return to play after concussion, and individuals required to assess young athletes. Other parameters that were not consistent across states were also noted.

Results
Forty-three states and the District of Columbia have passed concussion legislation, and an additional 4 states have pending legislation. All states with existing legislation support concussion education for coaches; however, only 48% require coaches to undergo formal education. Athletes must be educated on concussion in 86% of states and parents in 88.7%. Suspicion of concussion is a criterion for removal from play in 75% of states; signs and symptoms of concussion are criteria for removal from play in 16% of states. The individuals allowed to evaluate and clear an athlete for return to play differ greatly among states.

Conclusions
Injury prevention legislation holds historical precedent, and given the increasing attention to long-term sequelae of repeated head trauma and concussion, concussion legislation has been rapidly passed in 43 states and the District of Columbia. Although the exact stipulations of these laws vary among states, the overall theme is to increase recognition of concussion in young athletes and ensure that they are appropriately cleared for return to play after concussion.
A combined optimal interpolation and nudging scheme to assimilate OSISAF sea-ice concentration into ROMS
Authors: Wang Keguang , Debernard Jens , Sperrevik Ann Kristin , Isachsen Pål Erik , Lavergne Thomas 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe Ocean and Sea Ice Satellite Application Facility (OSISAF) of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) distributes satellite observations operationally. In this paper, we describe the development of a combined optimal interpolation and nudging (COIN) scheme in the Norwegian Meteorological Institute that assimilates OSISAF sea-ice concentration (SIC) into a coupled sea-ice–ocean Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). The scheme modifies the modeled SIC at every time-step, based on the difference between observation and forecast as well as on the ratio of observation error to model error. Snow and sea-ice thickness are diagnostically modified to match the ice concentration field. Hindcast experiments of Arctic sea ice are performed for the whole of 2009. The results are compared with OSISAF and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) SIC, showing a significant improvement in the analyzed sea-ice edge and summer SIC.
A physics‐based link model for tree vibrations
Authors: Murphy Kevin D. , Rudnicki Mark 
Published: November 2012

• Premise of the study: A new mathematical model for the vibration of trees is presented for developing a more thorough understanding of the underlying structure of the response. It may be used, for example, to assess the stability of a tree or to interpret experimental data.• Methods: A model is developed for the motion of the trunk and its N number of branches. The spatial distribution and initial orientation of the branches are left for the user to prescribe. A Newtonian analysis yields (N + 1) nonlinear, coupled differential equations that, when solved, describe the response of the trunk and each branch. After the model is linearized near equilibrium, the natural frequencies and vibration mode shapes are found. Closed‐form expressions for the response (i.e., the actual time histories) are then obtained using modal analysis. Numerical solutions are also found; these are used to validate the analytical solutions and to serve as a means for considering large amplitude vibrations.• Key results: A new physics‐based model is described. For small motion, the tree response may be constructed from the individual mode shapes and frequencies. Also demonstrated are the limitations of the linear theory as well as numerical solutions that can be obtained when trunk/branch amplitudes are large.• Conclusions: The model presented here incorporates critical physics into a model that describes tree vibrations. It also sheds light on the underlying structure of the vibration response in terms of the modal nature of the solution. Limitations to the linear solutions are demonstrated and discussed.
Characterization of 42 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Mimulus ringens (Phrymaceae) using Illumina sequencing
Authors: Nunziata Schyler O. , Karron Jeffrey D. , Mitchell Randall J. , Lance Stacey L. , Jones Kenneth L. , Trapnell Dorset W. 
Published: November 2012

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized in Mimulus ringens (Phrymaceae), a herbaceous wetland perennial, to facilitate studies of mating patterns and population genetic structure.• Methods and Results: A total of 42 polymorphic loci were identified from a sample of 24 individuals from a single population in Ohio, USA. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to nine, and median observed heterozygosity was 0.435.• Conclusions: This large number of polymorphic loci will enable researchers to quantify male fitness, patterns of multiple paternity, selfing, and biparental inbreeding in large natural populations of this species. These markers will also permit detailed study of fine‐scale patterns of genetic structure.
Fungal endophytes of the obligate parasitic dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium americanum (Santalaceae) act antagonistically in vitro against the native fungal pathogen Cladosporium (Davidiellaceae) of their host
Authors: Martin Lyssa L. , Ross Friedman Cynthia M. , Phillips Lori A. 
Published: November 2012

• Premise of the study: Endophytic fungi likely occur in all plants, yet little is known about those of parasitic plants, despite their potential to influence parasite success. Arceuthobium americanum is a parasitic angiosperm that greatly compromises the North American timber industry. We hypothesized that (1) A. americanum hosts fungal endophytes, and (2) these endophytes help A. americanum resist infection by fungal pathogens.• Methods: Healthy A. americanum stem and fruit tissues were differentially stained for cellulose and chitin and visualized using fluorescence microscopy. Stem sections (sterilized vs. unsterilized) and seeds were incubated on agar plates to cultivate fungi, both to extract DNA for ITS rDNA sequencing and to observe interactions with native fungi from unsterilized specimens.• Key results: Aside from xylem vessel elements, fungal structures were observed in all tissues, including those of the embryo. The ITS sequences of fungi cultured from internal tissues closely matched those of the known endophytes Phoma, Sydowia, and Phacidiopycnis, while those of surface organisms closely matched Cladosporium spp. Cultured fungi from internal tissues (putative endophytes) inhibited the growth of the surface organisms without affecting the other endophytes.• Conclusion: Fungal communities are established in A. americanum stems as well as in fruits and seeds, suggesting vertical transmission. These internally derived fungi act antagonistically toward fungi with pathogenic tendencies. As such, native mistletoe endophytes might protect A. americanum against fungal pathogens in nature. In the future, manipulation of endophytes might be a component of mistletoe control programs.
ON MODELLING RECRYSTALLIZATION PROCESSES WITH RANDOM GROWTH VELOCITIES OF THE GRAINS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
Authors: Villa Elena , Rios Paulo R. 
Published: November 2012

Heterogeneous transformations (or reactions) may be defined as those transformations in which there is a sharp moving boundary between the transformed and untransformed region. In Materials Science such transformations are normally called nucleation and growth transformations, whereas birth-and-growth processes is the preferred denomination in Mathematics. Recently, the present authors in a series of papers have derived new analytical expressions for nucleation and growth transformations with the help of stochastic geometry methods. Those papers focused mainly on the role of nuclei location in space, described by point processes, on transformation kinetics. In this work we focus on the effect that a random velocity of the moving boundaries of the grains has in the overall kinetics. One example of a practical situation in which such a model may be useful is that of recrystallization. Juul Jensen and Godiksen reviewed recent 3-d experimental results on recrystallization kinetics and concluded that there is compelling evidence that every grain has its own distinct growth rate. Motivated by this practical application we present here new general kinetics expressions for various situations of practical interest, in which a random distribution of growth velocities is assumed. In order to do this, we make use of tools from Stochastic Geometry and Geometric Measure Theory. Previously known results follow here as particular cases. Although the motivation for this paper was recrystallization the expressions derived here may be applied to nucleation and growth reactions in general.
O alinhamento entre as competências e o processo de aprendizagem: um estudo teórico-empírico em uma empresa de serviços de interesse público
Authors: Munck Luciano , Munck Mariana Gomes Musetti , Borim-de-Souza Rafael 
Published: November 2012

O artigo foi escrito com o objetivo principal de analisar e discutir as implicações do alinhamento, ou do não alinhamento, entre as competências e o processo de aprendizagem em uma empresa privada que presta ser- viços de interesse público. Para tanto foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória e descritiva, cujos procedimentos envolveram levantamento bibliográfico, análises documentais e a realização de 27 entrevis- tas semiestruturadas com funcionários da Empresa Alfa Telecom S/A, a qual possui um sistema de gestão de competências implantado desde 1997. Conforme orientações de Dutra (2004), ao relacionar contribuições teóricas, entrevistas e análises documentais, foi possível notar que o modelo de competências, os processos de aprendizagem e as decisões de cunho estratégico tomadas na Empresa Alfa Telecom S/A estão desvinculadas uma das outras. Constatou-se que a aprendizagem organizacional, em relação ao modelo de competências, ocorre para poucos e somente no nível cognitivo. Como uma das considerações finais deste artigo, infere-se que a empresa estudada possui o risco de sofrer degradação de suas competências, o que consequentemente a impedirá de conquistar seus objetivos estratégicos.
Patient Priorities in Osteoarthritis and Comorbid Conditions: A Secondary Analysis of Qualitative Data
Authors: Cheraghi‐Sohi Sudeh , Bower Peter , Kennedy Anne , Morden Andrew , Rogers Anne , Richardson Jane , Sanders Tom , Stevenson Fiona , Ong Bie Nio 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveA lack of agreement between clinician and patient priorities can impact the clinician–patient relationship, treatment concordance, and potential health outcomes. Studies have suggested that patients with osteoarthritis (OA) may prioritize comorbidities over their OA, but as yet no explicit systematic exploration of OA patients' priorities in relation to comorbidities exists. This study aims to explore how patients prioritize their OA among their conditions, which factors underlie this prioritization, and whether and why these priorities change over time.MethodsA secondary analysis of qualitative data was conducted utilizing 4 existing data sets collated from the 3 research centers involved. Purposive sampling provided a sample of 30 participants who all had OA and comorbidities. The research team collectively coded and analyzed the data thematically.ResultsThree groups of patients emerged from the analysis. The 2 smaller groups had stable priorities (where OA was or was not prioritized) and illustrated the importance of factors, such as personal social context and the specific nature of the comorbid conditions. The third and largest group reported priorities that shifted over time. Shifting appeared to be influenced by the participants' perceptions of control and/or interactions with clinical professionals, and could have important consequences for self‐management behavior.ConclusionThe various factors underlying patients' priorities among their conditions, and the fluctuating nature of these priorities, highlight the importance of regular assessments during clinician–patient consultations to allow better communication and treatment planning, and ultimately optimize patient outcomes.
Lifetime Risk and Age at Diagnosis of Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis in the US
Authors: Losina Elena , Weinstein Alexander M. , Reichmann William M. , Burbine Sara A. , Solomon Daniel H. , Daigle Meghan E. , Rome Benjamin N. , Chen Stephanie P. , Hunter David J. , Suter Lisa G. , Jordan Joanne M. , Katz Jeffrey N. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the incidence and lifetime risk of diagnosed symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) and the age at diagnosis of knee OA based on self‐reports in the US population.MethodsWe estimated the incidence of diagnosed symptomatic knee OA in the US by combining data on age‐, sex‐, and obesity‐specific prevalence from the 2007–2008 National Health Interview Survey, with disease duration estimates derived from the Osteoarthritis Policy (OAPol) Model, a validated computer simulation model of knee OA. We used the OAPol Model to estimate the mean and median ages at diagnosis and lifetime risk.ResultsThe estimated incidence of diagnosed symptomatic knee OA was highest among adults ages 55–64 years, ranging from 0.37% per year for nonobese men to 1.02% per year for obese women. The estimated median age at knee OA diagnosis was 55 years. The estimated lifetime risk was 13.83%, ranging from 9.60% for nonobese men to 23.87% in obese women. Approximately 9.29% of the US population is diagnosed with symptomatic knee OA by age 60 years.ConclusionThe diagnosis of symptomatic knee OA occurs relatively early in life, suggesting that prevention programs should be offered relatively early in the life course. Further research is needed to understand the future burden of health care utilization resulting from earlier diagnosis of knee OA.
An economic analysis of a safe resident handling program in nursing homes
Authors: Lahiri Supriya , Latif Saira , Punnett Laura ,   the ProCare Research Team
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundOccupational injuries, especially back problems related to resident handling, are common in nursing home employees and their prevention may require substantial up‐front investment. This study evaluated the economics of a safe resident handling program (SRHP), in a large chain of skilled nursing facilities, from the corporation's perspective.MethodsThe company provided data on program costs, compensation claims, and turnover rates (2003–2009). Workers' compensation and turnover costs before and after the intervention were compared against investment costs using the “net‐cost model.”ResultsAmong 110 centers, the overall benefit‐to‐cost ratio was 1.7–3.09 and the payback period was 1.98–1.06 year (using alternative turnover cost estimates). The average annualized net savings per bed for the 110 centers (using company based turnover cost estimates) was $143, with a 95% confidence interval of $22–$264. This was very similar to the average annualized net savings per full time equivalent (FTE) staff member, which was $165 (95% confidence interval $22–$308). However, at 49 centers costs exceeded benefits.ConclusionsDecreased costs of worker injury compensation claims and turnover appear at least partially attributable to the SRHP. Future research should examine center‐specific factors that enhance program success, and improve measures of turnover costs and healthcare productivity. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:469–478, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abatacept (CTLA‐4IG) treatment reduces the migratory capacity of monocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bonelli M. , Ferner E. , Göschl L. , Blüml S. , Hladik A. , Karonitsch T. , Kiener H. P. , Byrne R. , Niederreiter B. , Steiner C. W. , Rath E. , Bergmann M. , Smolen J. S. , Scheinecker C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe binding of abatacept (CTLA‐4Ig) to the B7 ligands CD80 and CD86 prevents the engagement of CD28 on T cells and thereby prevents effector T cell activation. In addition, a direct effect of CTLA‐4Ig on antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) could contribute to the therapeutic effect. To further elucidate the mechanism of CTLA‐4Ig, we performed phenotype and functional analyses of APCs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) before and after the initiation of CTLA‐4Ig therapy.MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed before and at 2 and 4 weeks after the initiation of CTLA‐4Ig therapy. Proportions of APCs were determined by flow cytometry. CD14+ monocytes were further analyzed for the expression of costimulatory and adhesion molecules and for their transendothelial migratory capacity in vitro. In addition, CD14+ monocytes from healthy controls were analyzed for their migratory and spreading capacity.ResultsProportions and absolute numbers of monocytes were significantly increased in RA patients treated with CTLA‐4Ig. The expression of several adhesion molecules was significantly diminished. In addition, monocytes displayed a significant reduction in their endothelial adhesion and transendothelial migratory capacity upon treatment with CTLA‐4Ig. Likewise, isolated monocytes from healthy controls revealed a significant reduction in their migratory and spreading activity after preincubation with CTLA‐4Ig or anti‐CD80 and anti‐CD86 antibodies.ConclusionWe describe direct effects of CTLA‐4Ig therapy on phenotype and functional characteristics of monocytes in RA patients that might interfere with the migration of monocytes to the synovial tissue. This additional mechanism of CTLA‐4Ig might contribute to the beneficial effects of CTLA‐4Ig treatment in RA patients.
Effects of a modified shoe on knee load in people with and those without knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Bennell Kim L. , Kean Crystal O. , Wrigley Tim V. , Hinman Rana S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of a modified shoe that incorporates both lateral wedging and a variable‐stiffness sole on knee joint loading in 3 populations: individuals with symptomatic and radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA), asymptomatic overweight individuals, and asymptomatic healthy weight individuals.MethodsNinety participants (30 per group) underwent a 3‐dimensional gait analysis across 3 test conditions: modified shoes, standard control shoes, and barefoot. For each condition, the first peak knee adduction moment (KAM) and knee flexion moment (KFM) (both expressed as Nm/[body weight × height]%) as well as the KAM impulse (expressed as Nm.s/[body weight × height]%) were determined.ResultsThe modified shoes significantly reduced the peak KAM as compared to the control shoes in both the OA (P = 0.002) and the overweight (P = 0.03) groups. In the OA group, there was no significant difference in peak KAM when walking in the modified shoe as compared to walking barefoot. In the overweight and the healthy weight groups, the peak KAM when walking in the modified shoe was significantly higher than that when walking barefoot (P < 0.001). Irrespective of group, the KAM impulse was significantly reduced when walking in the modified shoe as compared to the control shoe (P < 0.001) and was significantly higher during both shoe conditions as compared to walking barefoot (P < 0.001). There was no change in the KFM between walking conditions for any group.ConclusionThe findings illustrate that a shoe incorporating both a lateral wedge and a variable‐stiffness sole can significantly reduce medial knee joint load. Further research examining the effects of these shoes on pain, function, and structural changes in the joint is warranted.