bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency‐domain modelling and inversion of electromagnetic data for 2D permittivity and conductivity imaging: An application to the Institut Fresnel experimental dataset
Authors: François Lavoué , Brossier Romain , Métivier Ludovic , Garambois Stéphane , Virieux Jean 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe need for quantitative imaging of the near subsurface leads to the development of inversion algorithms to infer ground properties from recorded data. The aim of this study is to validate an inversion method recently developed for the simultaneous imaging of dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity from 2D ground‐penetrating radar measurements. The validation is performed using electromagnetic data collected in a well‐controlled laboratory environment. In this experiment, the knowledge of the targets enables a quality control of the inversion results. In addition, the free space environment and the measurement of the incident field simplify the choice of a starting model for the inversion, as well as the calibration of the data with respect to the source signature and to the geometrical spread. To perform accurate and efficient forward simulations, we use a frequency‐domain finite‐difference scheme whose stencil coefficients can be optimized for each simulated frequency. As the objects of interest are locally concentrated at the centre of the acquisition array, it is possible to restrict the computation domain to a small region enclosing the targets using an integral representation of the analytical incident field coming from the sources and of the scattered field that we analytically propagate towards the receivers. An analysis of the numerical errors done on synthetic data shows that this strategy provides an error level that is low enough not to perturb the inversion, while dramatically decreasing the computational cost compared to a full‐domain simulation. The monoparameter reconstruction of a purely dielectric target recovers permittivity values in very good agreement with the expected ones, as well as a very satisfying data fit. We also validate our strategy for multiparameter inversion on targets involving both a purely dielectric cylinder and a purely metallic copper tube, although the optimization cannot recover the exact conductivity of copper.
Novel Human Cytomegalovirus Viral Chemokines, vCXCL-1s, Display Functional Selectivity for Neutrophil Signaling and Function
Authors: Heo Jinho , Dogra Pranay , Masi Tom J. , Pitt Elisabeth A. , de Kruijf Petra , Smit Martine J. , Sparer Tim E. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Human CMV (HCMV) uses members of the hematopoietic system including neutrophils for dissemination throughout the body. HCMV encodes a viral chemokine, vCXCL-1, that is postulated to attract neutrophils for dissemination within the host. The gene encoding vCXCL-1, UL146, is one of the most variable genes in the HCMV genome. Why HCMV has evolved this hypervariability and how this affects the virus’ dissemination and pathogenesis is unknown. Because the vCXCL-1 hypervariability maps to important binding and activation domains, we hypothesized that vCXCL-1s differentially activate neutrophils, which could contribute to HCMV dissemination, pathogenesis, or both. To test whether these viral chemokines affect neutrophil function, we generated vCXCL-1 proteins from 11 different clades from clinical isolates from infants infected congenitally with HCMV. All vCXCL-1s were able to induce calcium flux at a concentration of 100 nM and integrin expression on human peripheral blood neutrophils, despite differences in affinity for the CXCR1 and CXCR2 receptors. In fact, their affinity for CXCR1 or CXCR2 did not correlate directly with chemotaxis, G protein-dependent and independent (β-arrestin-2) activation, or secondary chemokine (CCL22) expression. Our data suggest that vCXCL-1 polymorphisms affect the binding affinity, receptor usage, and differential peripheral blood neutrophil activation that could contribute to HCMV dissemination and pathogenesis.
Glucocorticoid-Augmented Efferocytosis Inhibits Pulmonary Pneumococcal Clearance in Mice by Reducing Alveolar Macrophage Bactericidal Function
Authors: Stolberg Valerie R. , McCubbrey Alexandra L. , Freeman Christine M. , Brown Jeanette P. , Crudgington Sean W. , Taitano Sophina H. , Saxton Bridget L. , Mancuso Peter , Curtis Jeffrey L. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) increase community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) incidence in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by unknown mechanisms. Apoptosis is increased in the lungs of COPD patients. Uptake of apoptotic cells (ACs) (“efferocytosis”) by alveolar macrophages (AMøs) reduces their ability to combat microbes, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common cause of CAP in COPD patients. Having shown that ICS significantly increase AMø efferocytosis, we hypothesized that this process, termed glucocorticoid-augmented efferocytosis, might explain the association of CAP with ICS therapy in COPD. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of fluticasone, AC, or both on AMøs of C57BL/6 mice in vitro and in an established model of pneumococcal pneumonia. Fluticasone plus AC significantly reduced TLR4-stimulated AMø IL-12 production, relative to either treatment alone, and decreased TNF-α, CCL3, CCL5, and keratinocyte-derived chemoattractant/CXCL1, relative to AC. Mice treated with fluticasone plus AC before infection with viable pneumococci developed significantly more lung CFUs at 48 h. However, none of the pretreatments altered inflammatory cell recruitment to the lungs at 48 h postinfection, and fluticasone plus AC less markedly reduced in vitro mediator production to heat-killed pneumococci. Fluticasone plus AC significantly reduced in vitro AMø killing of pneumococci, relative to other conditions, in part by delaying phagolysosome acidification without affecting production of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. These results support glucocorticoid-augmented efferocytosis as a potential explanation for the epidemiological association of ICS therapy of COPD patients with increased risk for CAP, and establish murine experimental models to dissect underlying molecular mechanisms.
Optimal T Cell Activation and B Cell Antibody Responses In Vivo Require the Interaction between Leukocyte Function–Associated Antigen-1 and Kindlin-3
Authors: Morrison Vicky Louise , Uotila Liisa M. , Llort Asens Marc , Savinko Terhi , Fagerholm Susanna Carola 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Kindlin-3 is an important integrin regulator that is mutated in the rare genetic disorder, leukocyte adhesion deficiency type III, a disorder characterized by defective neutrophil trafficking and platelet function, leading to recurrent bacterial infections and bleeding. Kindlin-3 is also known to regulate T cell adhesion in vitro and trafficking in vivo, but whether the integrin/kindlin interaction regulates T or B cell activation in vivo is unclear. In this study, we used TTT/AAA β2-integrin knock-in (KI) mice and TCR-transgenic (OT-II) KI mice, in which the integrin/kindlin connection is disrupted, to investigate the role of the integrin/kindlin interaction in T cell activation. We show that basal T cell activation status in these animals in vivo is normal, but they display reduced T cell activation by wild-type Ag-loaded dendritic cells in vitro. In addition, T cell activation in vivo is reduced. We also show that basal Ab levels are normal in TTT/AAA β2-integrin KI mice, but B cell numbers in lymph nodes and IgG and IgM production after immunization are reduced. In conclusion, we show that the integrin/kindlin interaction is required for trafficking of immune cells, as well as for T cell activation and B cell Ab responses in vivo. These results imply that the immunodeficiency found in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type III patients, in addition to being caused by defects in neutrophil function, may be due, in part, to defects in lymphocyte trafficking and activation.
Siglec-G Deficiency Leads to Autoimmunity in Aging C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Müller Jennifer , Lunz Benjamin , Schwab Inessa , Acs Andreas , Nimmerjahn Falk , Daniel Christoph , Nitschke Lars 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Siglec-G, a member of the sialic acid–binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec) family, is expressed on B cell and dendritic cell surfaces. It acts as an inhibitory coreceptor and modulates B cell activation, especially on B1 cells, as Siglec-G–deficient mice show mainly a B1 cell–restricted phenotype resulting in increased B1 cell numbers. Although higher B1 cell numbers are discussed to be associated with autoimmunity, loss of Siglec-G does not result in autoimmune disease in BALB/c mice. However, there is evidence from Siglec-G × CD22 double-deficient mice and Siglec-G−/− mice on an autoimmune-prone MRL/lpr background that Siglec-G is important to maintain tolerance in B cells. In this study, we analyzed the role of Siglec-G in induction and maintenance of B cell tolerance on C57BL/6 background and in the FcγRIIb-deficient background. We find that aging Siglec-G–deficient and Siglec-G × FcγRIIb double-deficient mice develop an autoimmune phenotype with elevated autoantibody levels and mild glomerulonephritis. Aging Siglec-G–deficient mice have elevated numbers of plasma cells and germinal center B cells, as well as a higher number of activated CD4 T cells, which likely all contribute to autoantibody production. Additional loss of the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIb in Siglec-G−/− mice does not result in exacerbation of disease. These results indicate that Siglec-G is important to maintain tolerance in B cells and prevent autoimmunity.
Costs of Trade and Self-selection into Exporting and Importing: The Case of Turkish Manufacturing Firms
Authors: Dalgic Basak , Fazlioglu Burcu , Gasiorek Michael 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper focuses on self-selection into trade by exporting and importing firms, and on the presence of differential variable and sunk costs between exporters and importers across different categories of imports. The authors use a rich and recent dataset for Turkish manufacturing firms for the period 2003–2010. This allows them to provide a comprehensive analysis of firm heterogeneity and the connection between firm-level performance and international trade. They provide evidence on the remarkable heterogeneity across firms where only-importers (importers) perform better than only-exporters (exporters). The authors detect a self-selection effect for both importing and exporting firms with a stronger effect for importers. The results suggest that the nature of sunk costs varies between importing and exporting activities with importers facing higher sunk costs. Tariffs represent a potentially important source of variation in the variable costs of trading. When taking the tariffs faced by firms into account, the authors find that the self-selection effect associated with sunk costs is still present but greatly reduced with a smaller reduction for importers compared to exporters.
ANÁLISE FATORIAL GARANTIDA OU O SEU DINHEIRO DE VOLTA: UMA INTRODUÇÃO À REDUÇÃO DE DADOS
Authors: Figueiredo Filho Dalson Britto , Rocha Enivaldo Carvalho da , PARANHOS Ranulfo , Silva Anderson Henrique , Silva Jr. José Alexandre , Silva Lucas , Alves Dáfni Priscila 
Published: May 2015

Esse artigo apresenta uma introdução intuitiva à analise fatorial. O principal objetivo é fornecer um guia prático para usuários com pouca familiaridade com o tema. Nosso público alvo são estudantes de graduação e pós-graduação em estágios iniciais de treinamento. Metodologicamente, o desenho de pesquisa utiliza simulação básica e replica duas bases de dados (PNUD, 2010 e Coopedge, Alvarez e Maldonado, 2008). Todas as análises estatísticas foram realizadas a partir do Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Com esse trabalho esperamos facilitar a compreensão e a aplicação de técnicas de redução de dados em Ciência Política.
AS PESSOAS CURTEM OS POLÍTICOS NO FACEBOOK? NÃO MESMO! A COMUNICAÇÃO DIRETA EM LARGA ESCALA ENTRE CANDIDATOS E ELEITORES COMO UM FENÔMENO OUTLIER
Authors: Nielsen Rasmus Kleis , Vaccari Cristian 
Published: May 2015

A popularidade online de alguns poucos candidatos tem levado muitos analistas a sugerir que as mídias sociais têm dado aos políticos novas e poderosas formas de se comunicar diretamente com os eleitores. Examinando se isso está acontecendo em uma escala significativa com base na análise de 224 candidatos dos maiores partidos concorrendo em distritos competitivos para a Câmara dos Deputados dos Estados Unidos durante as eleições parlamentares de 2010, descobrimos que a maioria dos políticos online é, de fato, largamente ignorada pelo eleitorado. A atenção dada pelos cidadãos aos candidatos online se aproxima das distribuições de lei de potência, com alguns candidatos obtendo muitos seguidores e a maioria definhando na obscuridade. Como a comunicação direta online em larga escala entre os políticos e as pessoas comuns nestas plataformas é um fenômeno raro e outlier - mesmo no caso de campanhas eleitorais altamente competitivas e com candidatos com amplo acesso a recursos financeiros – sugerimos, neste texto, que as implicações políticas mais relevantes das mídias sociais assumem a forma de (a) novos fóruns para comunicação indireta sobre política e (b) mudanças institucionais nos processos de comunicação política.
Microscopic Image Photography Techniques of the Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Morrison Annie O. , Gardner Jerad M. 
Published: May 2015

Context
The field of pathology is driven by microscopic images. Educational activities for trainees and practicing pathologists alike are conducted through exposure to images of a variety of pathologic entities in textbooks, publications, online tutorials, national and international conferences, and interdepartmental conferences. During the past century and a half, photographic technology has progressed from primitive and bulky, glass-lantern projector slides to static and/or whole slide digital-image formats that can now be transferred around the world in a matter of moments via the Internet.

Objective
To provide a historic and technologic overview of the evolution of microscopic-image photographic tools and techniques.

Data Sources
Primary historic methods of microscopic image capture were delineated through interviews conducted with senior staff members in the Emory University Department of Pathology. Searches for the historic image-capturing methods were conducted using the Google search engine. Google Scholar and PubMed databases were used to research methods of digital photography, whole slide scanning, and smart phone cameras for microscopic image capture in a pathology practice setting.

Conclusions
Although film-based cameras dominated for much of the time, the rise of digital cameras outside of pathology generated a shift toward digital-image capturing methods, including mounted digital cameras and whole slide digital-slide scanning. Digital image capture techniques have ushered in new applications for slide sharing and second-opinion consultations of unusual or difficult cases in pathology. With their recent surge in popularity, we suspect that smart phone cameras are poised to become a widespread, cost-effective method for pathology image acquisition.
Rejuvenating Effects of Facial Hydrofilling using Restylane Vital
Authors: Lee Bong Moo , Han Dong Gil , Choi Won Seok 
Published: May 2015

Background Morphological changes that accompany aging, such as wrinkles and skin laxity, are particularly prominent on facial skin. Recently, facial rejuvenation using the hydrofilling effect of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler has been employed for improvement of skin texture. In this study, we studied rejuvenating effects of stabilized HA (Restylane Vital) through direct intradermal injections.
Methods A total of 30 female patients underwent a series of procedures on face, including three sessions at intervals of four weeks. A total of 2 mL of Restylane Vital was injected along the whole face using an automatic injector. Improvement of skin surface roughness, elasticity, brightness, moisture, and fine wrinkles was evaluated. Patient satisfaction was evaluated, and pictures of patients were taken at each visit and 6 months after last treatment session. Scoring for each patient was performed by three doctors according in five subjects. Moisture, oil and elasticity were measured before the procedure and before the last treatment in 10 patients.
Results The majority of patients (77%) were satisfied with the therapeutic outcomes. Approximately 66% of patients responded that the effects of this procedure persisted for longer than four months, and the majority of patients (77%) wanted to undergo this procedure again and would recommend this procedure to acquaintances. Regarding doctors' evaluation, scores for improvement of skin surface roughness, elasticity, and brightness were significantly higher than those for improvement of moisture and fine wrinkle.
Conclusions Intradermal injection of HA can have a rejuvenating effect on dry and tired facial skin, especially in improvement of skin surface roughness.
A Prospective Analysis of Dynamic Loss of Breast Projection in Tissue Expander-Implant Reconstruction
Authors: Mioton Lauren M , Jordan Sumanas W , Kim John YS 
Published: May 2015

Background Breast projection is a critical element of breast reconstruction aesthetics, but little has been published regarding breast projection as the firm expander is changed to a softer implant. Quantitative data representing this loss in projection may enhance patient education and improve our management of patient expectations.
Methods Female patients who were undergoing immediate tissue-expander breast reconstruction with the senior author were enrolled in this prospective study. Three-dimensional camera software was used for all patient photographs and data analysis. Projection was calculated as the distance between the chest wall and the point of maximal projection of the breast form. Values were calculated for final tissue expander expansion and at varying intervals 3, 6, and 12 months after implant placement.
Results Fourteen breasts from 12 patients were included in the final analysis. Twelve of the 14 breasts had a loss of projection at three months following the implant placement or beyond. The percentage of projection lost in these 12 breasts ranged from 6.30% to 43.4%, with an average loss of projection of 21.05%.
Conclusions This study is the first prospective quantitative analysis of temporal changes in breast projection after expander-implant reconstruction. By prospectively capturing projection data with three-dimensional photographic software, we reveal a loss of projection in this population by three months post-implant exchange. These findings will not only aid in managing patient expectations, but our methodology provides a foundation for future objective studies of the breast form.
Daily Serum Collection after Acellular Dermal Matrix-Assisted Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Caputo Glenda Giorgia , Franchini Zeno , Maritan Monia , Dalla Pozza Edoardo , Vigato Enrico , Tedeschi Umberto , Governa Maurizio 
Published: May 2015

Background The acellular dermal matrix (ADM)-assisted breast reconstruction technique is widely known, but discouraging results due to early postoperative complications have been reported. As the literature identifies seroma as the most common issue after breast surgery without identifying its pathogenesis, we aimed to report the trend of postoperative daily serum collection after ADM-assisted breast reconstruction and compare it with data in the literature in order to discover more about this little-known topic.
Methods A retrospective study on 28 consecutive patients who received ADM-assisted breast reconstruction between February 2013 and February 2014 was performed. In order to reduce the number of variables that could affect serum production, only one brand of ADM was used and all tissues were handled gently and precisely. The daily drainage volume was recorded per patient during the first four days of hospitalization. Likewise, postoperative complications were noted during routine follow-up.
Results In total, five (17.9%) bilateral and 23 (82.1%) unilateral ADM-assisted breast reconstructions (33 implants) were performed. The mean age, body mass index, and length of hospital stay were 53.6 years, 21.3 kg/m2, and 4.5 days, respectively. One major complication led to implant loss (3.0%), and nine minor complications were successfully treated with ambulatory surgery (27.3%). Serum collection linearly decreased after 24 hours postoperatively.
Conclusions Daily drainage decreased following the theoretical decline of acute inflammation. In concordance with the literature, daily serum production may not be related to the use of ADM.
Avant de tourner la page… Petite histoire des outils d’édition musicale avant l’ordinateur
Authors: Forget Georges 
Published: May 2015

Cet article est un bref panorama des principales étapes techniques d’impression de la longue histoire de l’édition musicale depuis l’écriture manuscrite et avant la révolution informatique. Chaque époque peut être représentée par un outil caractéristique, améliorant et accélérant le travail de reproduction mécanique des partitions : du burin à la machine à écrire en passant par le poinçon, cet article ravive la mémoire de gestes et de procédés de fabrication aujourd’hui souvent oubliés.
La notation du timbre instrumental : noter la cause ou l’effet dans le rapport geste-son
Authors: Traube Caroline 
Published: May 2015

Le timbre instrumental peut être défini à différents niveaux qui interagissent entre eux : quel instrument est joué, par quel interprète, suivant quels modes de jeu et dans quelles conditions de diffusion. Sur la partition, dans la tradition occidentale, on peut préciser le timbre, notamment par l’entremise des modes de jeu. La notation du timbre désiré (l’effet) passe alors par la notation du geste qui permet de le produire (la cause). La spécification du timbre peut aussi s’effectuer par l’entremise de descripteurs verbaux (tels que chaud, rond, brillant, métallique, etc.) faisant appel à des métaphores sensorielles multimodales. Ainsi, la notation se situe à différents niveaux, en amont ou en aval de la relation geste-son : le compositeur peut choisir de noter la cause (le geste, le doigté), l’effet sonore à produire (type d’attaque, rondeur du son) ou spécifier son impact sur l’auditeur (le caractère).
Enjeux et évolution du système de notation dans Pression pour un(e) violoncelliste de Helmut Lachenmann
Authors: Féron François-Xavier 
Published: May 2015

Cet article présente, dans les grandes lignes, le système de notation utilisé par Helmut Lachenmann dans Pression pour spécifier les actions que doit accomplir l’interprète sur les différentes parties du violoncelle (cordes, table d’harmonie, chevalet, cordier) mais aussi sur l’archet. Après avoir décrit succinctement les principales différences entre les deux éditions de l’oeuvre (1972 vs 2012), nous en expliquons cinq passages en montrant systématiquement les deux versions de la partition et en indiquant les minutages correspondant aux enregistrements vidéo de Lauren Radnofsky et David Stromberg. Ainsi le lecteur pourra apprécier la précision et l’évolution du système de notation, visualiser les gestes que réalisent les interprètes tout en suivant la partition et entrer ainsi pleinement dans l’univers sonore profondément inouï de cette oeuvre devenue un « classique » du répertoire pour violoncelle seul.