bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Knot Spectrum of Confined Random Equilateral Polygons
Authors: Diao Y. , Ernst C. , Montemayor A. , Rawdon E. , Ziegler U. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract It is well known that genomic materials (long DNA chains) of living organisms are often packed compactly under extreme confining conditions using macromolecular self-assembly processes but the general DNA packing mechanism remains an unsolved problem. It has been proposed that the topology of the packed DNA may be used to study the DNA packing mechanism. For example, in the case of (mutant) bacteriophage P4, DNA molecules packed inside the bacteriophage head are considered to be circular since the two sticky ends of the DNA are close to each other. The DNAs extracted from the capsid without separating the two ends can thus preserve the topology of the (circular) DNAs. It turns out that the circular DNAs extracted from bacteriophage P4 are non-trivially knotted with very high probability and with a bias toward chiral knots. In order to study this problem using a systematic approach based on mathematical modeling, one needs to introduce a DNA packing model under extreme volume confinement condition and test whether such a model can produce the kind of knot spectrum observed in the experiments. In this paper we introduce and study a model of equilateral random polygons con_ned in a sphere. This model is not meant to generate polygons that model DNA packed in a virus head directly. Instead, the average topological characteristics of this model may serve as benchmark data for totally randomly packed circular DNAs. The difference between the biologically observed topological characteristics and our benchmark data might reveal the bias of DNA packed in the viral capsids and possibly lead to a better understanding of the DNA packing mechanism, at least for the bacteriophage DNA. The purpose of this paper is to provide information about the knot spectrum of equilateral random polygons under such a spherical confinement with length and confinement ratios in a range comparable to circular DNAs packed inside bacteriophage heads.
A New Species of Cyclopogon (Orchidaceae, Spiranthoideae) from Colombia
Authors: Szlachetko Dariusz L. , Kolanowska Marta 
Published: May 2014

Abstract Cyclopogon antioquiensis Szlach. & Kolan., a new species from Colombia, is described and illustrated. The differences between C. antioquiensis and similar species are briefly discussed and a key to the species of Cyclopogon subg. Cyclopogon is given. Information about the ecology and distribution of the new species is provided.
Typification of Chrysanthemum zawadzkii (Asteraceae)
Authors: Szeląg Zbigniew , Kobiv Yuriy 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The name Chrysanthemum zawadzkii Herbich is typified by the illustration published in the protologue, and epitypified by the specimen collected in 1832 by F. Herbich in the Pieniny Mts, Western Carpathians, and stored at the herbarium of the Ivan Franko National University of Lviv (LW). The original spelling of the species epithet is clarified.
Mycena Juniperina (Agaricales, Basidiomycota), New for the Polish and Central European Mycobiota
Authors: Halama Marek , Chachuła Piotr , Rutkowski Ryszard 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Mycena juniperina Aronsen was collected in March 2013 in the Origano-Brachypodietum association from trunks of living Juniperus communis in the Pieniny Mts (S Poland). The species is described and illustrated based on Polish specimens, its ecology and general distribution are outlined, and it is compared with similar species: M. meliigena (Berk. & Cooke) Sacc., M. pseudocorticola Kühner, and others.
Personal Qualities of Effective Sport Psychologists: A Sports Physician Perspective
Authors: Chandler Charlotte , Eubank Martin , Nesti Mark , Cable Tim 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Previous literature within applied sport psychology offers little detailed discussion regarding the personal qualities of sport psychology practitioners and the impact of these qualities on practice. This paper presents an exploration of the views of sport physicians regarding the personal characteristics and qualities of applied sport psychologists deemed necessary for effective practice. Five UK-based physicians and one Head of Medical Services, working in a range of elite and professional sports, were interviewed about their experience and perceptions of working with sport psychologists. The interview transcripts were content analysed and trustworthiness criteria applied. Four key themes emerged from the data, labelled ‘Personal qualities’, ‘Relationship Building’, ‘Professionalism in Practice’, and ‘Similarities between Psychologist and Physician’. The findings within each theme offered interesting insights into the impact of personal qualities on effective sport psychology practice. This study extends the existing literature on sport psychologists’ characteristics and effectiveness and offers new insights into their personal qualities and how these interact with the practice environment. The findings supported the growing emphasis within the field on the importance of the person behind the practitioner. Suggestions are offered with reference to the need to consider how literature from counselling psychology and medical training could assist the development of practice and education and training in sport psychology.
Paul’s Use Of The Psalms. Beyond Midrash
Authors: Stafford John K. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT
The Psalms are the most cited portions of Scripture in the New Testament. This paper investigates Paul’s use of the Psalms and seeks to answer the concern that his citation strategy is both arbitrary and self-serving. Inasmuch as it has sometimes been concluded that Paul, in midrashic fashion, forced his citations to say something contrary to a more natural reading. This paper suggests that Paul uses citation criteria very carefully. Preliminary results point to the use of texts that lie well within their natural reading, yet exegeted in such a way that the resulting exegesis is folded back into the text as the apostle cites it. Thus rather than citing texts arbitrarily, Paul uses great skill and sophistication in selecting and utilising texts with exegetical precision. In so doing, Paul is not using midrash but may actually be developing a characteristically Christian approach to the citation of sacred text
Assessment of medical personnel knowledge about the function of transplant coordinator with reference to current Polish legislation
Authors: Watrakiewicz-Hurko Olga , Belowska Jarosława , Sienkiewicz Zofia , Dykowska Grażyna , Gotlib Joanna 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction. Initially, a transplant coordinator assisted in the process of removal and transplantation of organs. The most important rule in the Polish legislation is the Act of July 17th, 2009, amending the Act on removal, preservation, and transplantation of cells, tissues, and organs. Professional qualifications of a transplant coordinator are specified by the Regulation of the Minister of Health of December 4th, 2009 on detailed conditions of removal, preservation, and transplantation of cells, tissues, and organs. Aim. The study aimed to assess the knowledge of medical personnel about the function of a transplant coordinator with reference to the current Polish legislation. Material and methods. The study was conducted in April 2013 among 100 selected health professionals (25 physicians, 62 nurses, and 13 persons representing other medical professions) with the use of a questionnaire comprising 42 close-ended simple choice questions and one multiple-choice question. They were referring to various aspects associated with the legal axiology of transplantation, procedure of organ donation, and tasks of a donation coordinator, as well as one open-ended question about the age of respondents. Results. Statistically significant differences between the occupational groups were found in relation to questions about legal and medical aspects. As many as 21 nurses (34%), 26 physicians (92%), and 6 persons representing other medical professions (46%) (p<0.000) provided the correct answer to a question referring to determination of death, and 19 nurses (31%), 7 physicians (28%), and 5 persons representing other medical professions (p<0.021) answered correctly to a question about the key premise to determine brain death. Conclusions. 1. The knowledge of medical personnel about the function of a transplant coordinator and the legal provisions concerning brain death determination needs to be supplemented. 2. There is a need of constantly supplementing knowledge of medical personnel about the clinical aspects of transplantation
A case of collision in principles of language description?
Authors: Wagner Roland 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
In the article, I deal with an apparent case of incoherence within the framework of Functional Generative Description (FGD) in treating certain reflexive constructions. According to the principle that differences between valency frames are constitutive for establishing different lexical units (e.g., Žabokrtský and Lopatková, 2007), the occurrences of vnímat in (i) Vnímá syna jako soka and (ii) Sám se vnímá jako síla ochraňující divadlo have to be assigned to two different lexical units, as there is a difference in the formal marking of the Effect-argument (jako+accusative case in (i), jako+nominative case in (ii)). On the basis of the commutation test (e.g., Panevová, 2008) which identifies the reflexive clitic se in (ii) as an object-clitic, both occurrences of vnímat have to be, however, assigned to the same lexical unit as the only difference between vnímá syna in (i) and vnímá se in (ii) consists in the lexical filling of the object position. In the main part of the text, I review two different strategies to remedy the conflict between the two principles. I point out certain implications of both strategies and conclude by pleading for a solution within the framework of Modified Valency Theory (Karlík, 2000a)
Segmentation of hepatic vessels from MRI images for planning of electroporation-based treatments in the liver
Authors: Marcan Marija , Pavliha Denis , Music Maja Marolt , Fuckan Igor , Magjarevic Ratko , Miklavcic Damijan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Introduction. Electroporation-based treatments rely on increasing the permeability of the cell membrane by high voltage electric pulses delivered to tissue via electrodes. To ensure that the whole tumor is covered by the sufficiently high electric field, accurate numerical models are built based on individual patient geometry. For the purpose of reconstruction of hepatic vessels from MRI images we searched for an optimal segmentation method that would meet the following initial criteria: identify major hepatic vessels, be robust and work with minimal user input.
Materials and methods. We tested the approaches based on vessel enhancement filtering, thresholding, and their combination in local thresholding. The methods were evaluated on a phantom and clinical data. Results.
Results show that thresholding based on variance minimization provides less error than the one based on entropy maximization. Best results were achieved by performing local thresholding of the original de-biased image in the regions of interest which were determined through previous vessel-enhancement filtering. In evaluation on clinical cases the proposed method scored in average sensitivity of 93.68%, average symmetric surface distance of 0.89 mm and Hausdorff distance of 4.04 mm.
Conclusions. The proposed method to segment hepatic vessels from MRI images based on local thresholding meets all the initial criteria set at the beginning of the study and necessary to be used in treatment planning of electroporation- based treatments: it identifies the major vessels, provides results with consistent accuracy and works completely automatically. Whether the achieved accuracy is acceptable or not for treatment planning models remains to be verified through numerical modeling of effects of the segmentation error on the distribution of the electric field.
Electric Muscle Activity During Manual Muscle Testing of the Shoulder
Authors: Mikołajczyk Kornel , Wiszomirska Ida 
Published: May 2014

Streszczenie
Wstęp: Prezentowana praca ma charakter opracowania badawczego. Praca powstała na podstawie dokonanego przeglądu piśmiennictwa, z którego zaczerpnięto informacje o anatomii i biomechanice kompleksu barkowego, oraz uwarunkowaniach prawidłowego i patologicznego działania stawu ramiennego. Warunki prawidłowego funkcjonowania stawu ramiennego obejmują odpowiednią czynność mięśni okolicy barku. Czynność tą można analizować za pomocą elektromiografii. Może ona także posłużyć do weryfikacji manualnych testów klinicznych, które służą diagnostyce zaburzeń u pacjentów z problemem okolicy barku. Praca miała na celu ocenę aktywności 8 mięśni okolicy barku podczas manualnych testów oporowych, zawierających komponentę rotacji zewnętrznej w stawie ramiennym.
Materiał i metoda: Grupę zdrowych osób (n=14) poddano manualnym testom izometrycznym rotacji zewnętrznej. Testy różniły się stopniem odwiedzenia ramienia badanego, dla testu (1) mięśnia podgrzebieniowego: 0o, dla niespecyficznego testu (2) ścięgna mięśnia dwugłowego ramienia: 45o, dla testu (3) oporowego rotacji zewnętrznej z pozycji maksymalnej rotacji wewnętrznej: 90o. Podczas testów mierzono aktywność bioelektryczną 8 mięśni okolicy barku. Użyto aparatu do elektromiografii powierzchniowej Noraxon: TeleMyo System 2400T, z oprogramowaniem MyoResearch XP. Do analizy statystycznej posłużył program Statistica. Stworzono mapy szczytowej wartości amplitudy pobudzenia dla każdego z trzech testów. Porównano wartości szczytowe amplitudy pobudzenia mięśni pomiędzy testami 1, 2 i 3.
Wyniki: Wyniki badań wykazały między innymi wyższą aktywność mięśnia podgrzebieniowego w teście 1 względem pozostałych dwóch testów (p<0,05). Obserwowano nie tylko wysokie pobudzenie mięśnia podgrzebieniowego, ale także innych badanych mięśni, a ponadto dużą rozpiętość międzyosobniczą rejestrowanych wartości.
Wnioski: Dane zebrane za pomocą metody elektromiografii powierzchniowej nie stanowią samodzielnego kryterium oceny przydatności manualnych testów klinicznych jednak mogą być podpowiedzią, jak dobierać pozycje treningowe do testów i ćwiczeń kinezyterapeutycznych. Wyniki badań elektromiograficznych wymagają potwierdzenia na dużych grupach badanych, z jednoczesnym uwzględnieniem znacznych różnic międzyosobniczych w aktywności poszczególnych mięśni.
New Trends In Rehabilitation Of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Kwolek Andrzej , Podgórska Justyna , Rykała Justyna 
Published: May 2014

Streszczenie
Od około 40 lat, dokonano szeregu zmian w zakresie rehabilitacji osób ze stwardnieniem rozsianym (SR). Było to możliwe dzięki wynikom licznych badań polegających na weryfikacji skuteczności poszczególnych programów leczniczych czy też pojedynczych metod. W ostatnich latach przeprowadzono szereg badań klinicznych, których wyniki wykazały skuteczność i istotny wpływ systematycznie prowadzonej rehabilitacji na jakość życia oraz przedłużenie okresu aktywności życiowej i zawodowej osób z SR, pomimo braku poprawy funkcjonalnej. Wykazano, że rehabilitacja w połączeniu z farmakoterapią wpływa na poprawę sprawności fizycznej, pozytywnie oddziałuje na samopoczucie chorych, a także zmniejsza nasilenie objawów choroby. Rehabilitacja daje pacjentowi możliwość wytworzenia pozytywnego obrazu siebie, wzmacnia poczucie własnej wartości i przydatności, a przez to powoduje zmianę w postrzeganiu jakości życia.
Celem pracy jest omówienie nowych rozwiązań obecnie stosowanych w rehabilitacji osób z SR.
Education Standards Of APA: Example Of Palacky University In Olomouc
Authors: Valkova Hana 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Adapted Physical Activity (APA) is defined as a multidisciplinary domain included under the roof of inanthropology. The basic principles of APA understanding like 1) the contact theory, 2). phenomenon of “the differen”, 3). a categorical environmental approach, 4). the motor competence, 5) movement and activity modifications, 6). an independent living) are described. Main concepts of APA (education, a field practice, and research) are presented. A background of the APA study program at Palacký University in Olomouc is described in relation to the Bologna declaration and AEHESIS (the European study concept of employability). Four study modules (pedagogy, special education, physical education, and adapted physical activity are explained as well as proportions between the theory and practice. International APA study networks and research approaches are shown as good chances for students’ mobility
The Influence of Physical Activity on Physiotherapy Effects After Abdominal Surgery in Elderly People
Authors: Czyżewski Piotr , Domaniecki Janusz , Dąbek Aneta , Kopytiuk Renata 
Published: May 2014

Streszczenie
Wstęp: Podeszły wiek jest istotnym czynnikiem ryzyka chorób jelita grubego wymagających leczenia chirurgicznego. Celem fizjoterapii po dużych operacjach brzusznych jest zapobieganie powikłaniom i redukowanie ograniczeń funkcjonalnych. Celem badania było określenie związku pomiędzy poziomem aktywności fizycznej a stanem funkcjonalnym i sprawnością wentylacyjną płuc we wczesnym okresie pooperacyjnym.
Materiał i metody: 34 pacjentów zakwalifikowanych do planowej dużej operacji brzusznej w wieku 65+ przydzielono losowo do grupy usprawnianej metodą z wykorzystaniem elementów koncepcji PNF lub grupy usprawnianej tradycyjnie. Spirometrię natężoną (FVC, FEV1, PEF) i testy funkcjonalne (prędkość chodu, wstań i idź) wykonywano przed operacją i w czwartej dobie po operacji. Analizowano poziom aktywności fizycznej, wiek, płeć, BMI oraz poziom pooperacyjnej samodzielności (SAP). Do analizy wyników zastosowano test Kołmogorowa-Smirnowa, test t-Studenta dla prób zależnych oraz analizy korelacji r-Pearsona. Przyjęto poziom istotności p<0,05.
Wyniki: W teście prędkości oraz wstań i idź nastąpiło wydłużenie czasu wykonania po operacji w porównaniu do poziomu przed operacją. W FVC %, FEV1 %, PEF % nastąpił spadek wartości. W grupie osób z wysoką aktywnością nie odnotowano istotnych statystycznie zmian wartości dla tych pomiarów. Osoby o wysokim poziomie aktywności miały istotnie wyższy wynik na skali SAP niż osoby o średnim lub niskim poziomie aktywności.
Wnioski: Duże operacje brzuszne w istotny sposób pogarszają funkcję wentylacyjną płuc oraz sprawność i prędkość chodu chorych po 65 roku życia, we wczesnym okresie pooperacyjnym. Wysoka przedoperacyjna aktywność fizyczna starszych pacjentów zakwalifikowanych do dużych operacji brzusznych, korzystnie wpływa na funkcję wentylacyjną płuc oraz poziom pooperacyjnej samodzielności, sprawności i niezależności w chodzie w okresie szpitalnym.
Applying The Line Of Resistance In Studies On Prices On The Housing Market In Szczecin
Authors: Hozer Józef , Gdakowicz Anna 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The average price of residential real estate offered on the housing market in Szczecin has been declining since 2008. Prices on both the primary and secondary markets were regularly adjusted, disregarding the fact that the cost of 1 square meter of newly built flats was rising. Therefore, the question of how low can prices fall for the market to remain profitable arises? The situation on the residential real estate market has been analyzed in four areas: on the primary and secondary market, as well as by offer and transaction prices. The study was conducted in Szczecin on a quarterly basis in the period of 2007-2012.
Using Data Envelopment Analysis: A Case of Universities
Authors: Rosenmayer Tomáš 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The aim of this article is to analyse appropriateness and adequacy of use of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in several research papers dealing with effectiveness of economy of universities. The Data Envelopment Analysis is an interesting method used for evaluation of technical efficiency of production units. Comparison is the basic method of this article. At the beginning, basic methodological questions of measurement and evaluation of efficiency are analysed, including definitions of terms efficiency and effectiveness, ways of measurement and formulation of appropriate indicators. Based on the given perquisites for measurement and evaluation of efficiency five articles on evaluation of efficiency of universities using DEA method, published in Canada, Australia, Great Britain, Germany and Spain in 1998 - 2008, will be assessed.
DEA is able to use more parameters of input and output to evaluate which of units under examination is the most effective, and to compare other units with it. For this, it is necessary to have a homogenous group of units. The result of assessment shows that all the examined studies focused rather on way of calculation then the point and reason of measurement. The articles contain a discussion concerning choice of appropriate indicators but do not at all deal with the issue of its construction using interventional logic; the articles do not contain any comparison of objectives of the particular universities.
Evaluation of efficiency of universities is a social construct and it will always be a subjective matter related to objectives of a particular stakeholder. This fact explains how to approach the evaluation of efficiency: it is necessary to set an objective function that means to set the objectives of a given stakeholder and his preferred results and outputs. All the studies lack this basic logic.
Evaluation of Economic Transformation in Hungary
Authors: Žídek Libor 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The paper analyses transformation process in Hungary between 1989 and 2004. The goal of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the transformation process in Hungary. The structure of the paper follows this general goal. First of all, an analysis of economic development of the country before the fall of the communist regime is carried out because this determined the whole process which followed. Then we shortly mention political development that had a significant impact on the transformation process and its results. In the next part we concentrate on the main steps in the economic transformation, and consequently we devote space to specific aspects - privatization, for example. The main economic indicators of this period are analyzed in the final part. We conclude that the transformation process achieved its main economic goal and the economy’s ability to grow increased. At the same time, however, the transformation process created environment for the subsequent economic problems.
Doubling The Past Hypothesis: Observations On Two Nonstandard Third Conditionals
Authors: Cehan Nadina 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The paper briefly looks at two nonstandard conditional constructions, if [Su] had have [pp] and if [Su] would have [pp], which present anomalous components. Various works mentioning them have been analysed, leading to the conclusion that the forms have not been treated seriously or exhaustively. Following a small study which tries to establish their spread in the language, the paper concludes that some questions remain unanswered, such as whether the constructions can be characterised according to their geographical spread, their exact vernacular status, and to what extent they may coexist alongside the standard form in a person’s idiolect.
Future Expressions for Learners of Basic English: An Analysis of English Textbooks for the 3Rd – 6Th Grades Used in Romania
Authors: Cehan Anca 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
The paper analyses the presence of future expressions (‘be going to’, ‘will’, ‘shall’, the Present tense progressive and Present tense simple with future uses) in the English textbooks for levels A1 and A2 recommended by the Romanian Ministry of Education for use in the primary and lower secondary classes in Romania.