bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalous Neutral Hydrogen Column Densities in Local Interstellar Medium Clouds*
Authors: Linsky Jeffrey L. , Redfield Seth 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Analysis of high-resolution spectra of the hydrogen and deuterium Lyα lines provides measurements of interstellar neutral hydrogen column densities N(H i) to 113 stars within 50 pc of the Sun. Plots of N(H i) versus distance through the LIC, G, Mic, and other clouds in the local interstellar medium (LISM) show very interesting properties. For the LIC and G clouds, nearly all of the observed neutral hydrogen occurs within 3 or 4 pc of the Sun with no significant additional neutral hydrogen at larger distances out to 50 pc, except for several sight lines with anomalously high N(H i). Scatter about the mean hydrogen column density in the LIC is several times larger than the measurement errors. We evaluate several possible sources of the high N(H i) sight lines. Seven sight lines with anomalously high N(H i) are aligned perpendicular to the line connecting the centers of the LIC and G clouds where the two clouds merge creating a mixed cloud region. The high N(H i) in these seven sight lines can be explained by their paths through an irregularly shaped mixed cloud region where the neutral hydrogen number density is the sum for both clouds. However, the most recent nearby supernova explosion created a shell that is seen in nearly the same direction perpendicular to the LIC/G axis and may also explain these seven high N(H i) sight lines. Other possible explanations for the high N(H i) sight lines include interstellar shocks, wakes produced by stars moving rapidly through the LISM, and regions where other clouds may overlap.
Observations of the X-Ray Millihertz Quasiperiodic Oscillations in Hercules X-1
Authors: Yang Wen , Wang Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With a systematic timing investigation of the persistent X-ray binary pulsar Her X-1 based on a large number of Insight-HXMT observations between 2017 and 2019, we confirm the presence of X-ray millihertz quasiperiodic oscillations (mHz QPOs) at ∼0.01 Hz. By applying wavelet analysis in our data analysis procedures, we first identify ∼0.005–0.009 Hz QPOs coexisting with the ∼0.01 Hz QPOs. Wavelet analysis suggests that these QPO features show transient behaviors, that the frequencies of mHz QPOs evolve in short timescales. There exists a positive relation between QPO centroid frequency (from ∼0.005 to 0.009 Hz) and X-ray luminosity, while the 10 mHz QPO frequencies remain nearly constant for different luminosities, which suggests different physical mechanisms for the two types of mHz QPOs. The 10 mHz QPOs in both X-ray and UV bands would have the same origin related to the beat frequency where the Alfvén radius is close to the corotation radius, and the 5 mHz QPOs may originate from magnetic disk precession.
Dynamics of monoatomic steps on the Si(100) surface during MBE growth and post-growth annealing
Authors: Hervieu Yuri Yu. , Yesin Michael Yu. , Deryabin Alexander S. , Kolesnikov Alexey V. , Nikiforov Alexander I. 
Published: February 2025

The dynamics of monoatomic steps on the Si(100) vicinal surface during molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth and annealing is studied based on the analysis of reflection high-energy electron diffraction intensity variations. During growth, the initially equally spaced A- and B-steps are getting closer: the width of the A-terraces decreases to a certain minimum value, which increases with increasing growth temperature. The number of Si monolayers deposited until the minimum distance between the A- and B steps is reached increases monotonically with increasing temperature.
After interrupting the Si deposition flux (during annealing) the width of the A-terrace gradually increases to the initial value. The time of such relaxation to the initial configuration of the steps decreases with increasing temperature and increasing miscut angle. The observed behavior of the steps during annealing is in good agreement with the available theoretical models of the step dynamics and is explained by the presence of an exchange flux of Si atoms between the A- and B-steps due to the elastic interaction of the steps caused by the anisotropy of the elastic stress tensor on the reconstructed Si(100) surface. However, the available models fail to explain the experimentally observed monotonically increasing temperature dependence of the number of Si monolayers deposited until the steps approach each other during growth, which indicates the need to modify the model of incorporation of Si adatoms into steps in the case of high temperatures.
Clinical and genetic correlation of spinocerebellar ataxia patients: Insights from a tertiary care investigation
Authors: Sanie Bashir , Kawoosa Atif , Khan Ibrar Ahmed , Hilal Sheikh , Ul Nazir Zubair , Raina Adnan Firdaus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia and various noncerebellar manifestations. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and genetic correlations among patients with SCA at a tertiary care center in Srinagar, Kashmir.

METHODS:
This cross-sectional study included 93 patients with hereditary and sporadic ataxias. The patients underwent clinical assessments, brain imaging, and genetic testing for SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, SCA6, SCA12, SCA 17, and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis.

RESULTS:
Among the 93 patients, 23.7% were in their second or third decade of life, and 62.4% were male. All patients presented gait ataxia and dysarthria (100%). Cerebellar atrophy was observed in 60.2% of the patients. Genetic testing identified SCA1 in 17.2%, SCA2 in 14%, SCA6 and SCA12 in 1.1% each, SCA17 in 2.2%, and DRPLA in 4.3% of the patients. No cases of SCA3 were found. Clinical manifestations such as slow saccades, nystagmus, dysdiadochokinesia, dysmetria, impaired finger-nose-finger test, and positive Babinski sign were significantly associated with specific genetic subtypes (p < 0.05). However, the radiological findings did not indicate a significant association with genetic subtypes (p = 0.163).

CONCLUSION:
This study revealed a unique distribution of SCA subtypes in the Kashmiri population, which is characterized by a higher prevalence of consanguinity and distinct clinical and genetic profiles. In the future, multi-center studies with broader genetic testing panels and longitudinal follow-ups are needed to further elucidate the phenotypic and genotypic variations in this population.
Pantothenate Kinase-associated Neurodegeneration with Dysarthria
Authors: Uddin Rabia , Badhal Suman , Mathew Annie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), caused by mutation in the PANK2 gene. Patients can have classic or atypical presentations. Patients can have gait abnormalities, dysarthria, behaviour abnormalities and pigmentary retinopathy. ‘Eye of tiger sign’ in magnetic resonance imaging is a classic feature of PKAN. Management of PKAN is symptomatic which includes benzodiazepines, anticholinergics and rehabilitation.
Purpura Fulminans Due to Inherited Protein-C Deficiency in an Infant, in the Setting of MIS-C
Authors: Gupta Anshika , Maheshwari Anu , Mahto Deonath , Dhankar Mukesh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Although multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) may be associated with various mucocutaneous features, purpura fulminans (PF) has rarely been associated with it in children.

Clinical Description:
A 10-month-old female infant presented with multiple ecchymotic patches on bilateral lower limbs and scalp gradually progressive over 5 months, associated with fever and irritability for 5 days. On examination, she was alert, hemodynamically stable, with severe pallor and corneal opacity in the left eye, along with the skin lesions, systemic examination being unremarkable.

Management and Outcome:
Investigations revealed severe anemia, normal leukocyte, and platelet counts, elevated inflammatory markers, raised ferritin and NT pro-BNP levels. D-dimer was 5 times the normal range, COVID-19 real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test was negative, but COVID-19 serology was positive >400 AU/ml. Echocardiography ruled out coronary dilatation. Ophthalmological evaluation revealed permanent hyperplastic vitreous in the left eye with retinal detachment in the right eye. The patient was managed along the lines of MIS-C with PF with broad-spectrum antibiotics, methylprednisolone, fresh frozen plasma, later adding cyclosporine, aspirin, and infliximab therapy. The baby showed remarkable improvement. Genetic analysis showed likely pathogenic heterozygous variant in the PROC gene which results in protein C deficiency.

Conclusion:
This case highlights an inherited protein C deficiency manifesting as PF, in a setting of MIS-C in an infant. Prompt and aggressive management can be lifesaving.
Fever in a Neonate – To Keep Neonatal Malaria in Mind
Authors: Dara Pawan Kumar , Mohta Divya , Choudhary Anubhav , Choudhary Nikita , Soni Rajendra Kumar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background:
Malaria is seldom suspected and diagnosed in neonates. Although India is endemic for malaria, there are few reports of neonatal malaria.

Clinical Description:
A 20-day-old, term, exclusively breast-fed, neonate, presented with high-grade fever for 1 day, without any abnormal movements. Antenatally, the mother had fever transiently for 2 days during the second trimester, but not investigated. Examination revealed pallor with hepatosplenomegaly, with normal tone and reflexes.

Management and Outcome:
Investigations revealed anemia (7.1 g/dL) and thrombocytopenia (30,000/μL), with bilirubin (total/conjugated) 5.8 / 0.5 mg/dL. Peripheral blood showed schizonts of Plasmodium vivax. The baby was treated with chloroquine, following which he became afebrile and was discharged on the 5th day.

Conclusion:
The case reiterates the importance of suspecting malaria in neonates presenting with symptoms mimicking neonatal sepsis and born to mothers in malaria-endemic areas. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can lead to a favorable outcome.
The Relative Influence of Program Signaling, Geographic Preferences, and In-State Status in Determining Odds of Interview Invitation in Residency Selection
Authors: Romanoski Natasha L. , Morgan Helen K. , Kerlek Anna , Serfin Jennifer , Teeter Emily G. , Sood Lonika , Fletcher Laura 
Published: February 2025

Background Program signaling and geographic preferences are intended to give residency applicants agency in selecting preferred training locations while allowing programs to identify interested applicants. However, how these variables compare to in-state status (applicant’s permanent addresses in the same state as a program to which they applied) when interview invitations are offered is unknown.
Objective To identify the relative influence of program signaling, geographic preferences, and an applicant’s in-state status in determining the odds of receiving an interview invitation during residency recruitment.
Methods Data from programs and applicants in 9 specialties (anesthesiology, adult neurology, dermatology, general surgery, internal medicine, neurological surgery, pediatrics, physical medicine and rehabilitation, and psychiatry) from the 2023 Supplemental Electronic Residency Application Service application (SuppApp) were included. Logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios for all predictor variables. Results were aggregated across programs within each specialty.
Results Between 51% and 81% of programs that participated in SuppApp within each specialty met inclusion criteria. Applicants were 2.71 to 9.07 times more likely to receive interview invitations when they signaled a program. When an applicant indicated a geographic preference that aligned with a program’s location, or no geographic preference, the odds of receiving an interview were 1.83 to 2.75 and 1.19 to 2.16 times more likely, respectively. In-state applicants were 2.45 to 5.14 times more likely to receive an interview.
Conclusions Use of a program signal, an aligned geographic preference, no geographic preference, and in-state status all individually increase the likelihood of an applicant receiving an interview invitation.
Effectiveness of Biolarvicides of Imperata cylindrica, Saccharum spotaneum and Andropogon aciculatus on Aedes aegypti larval Mortality and Egg-laying Ability in Adults
Authors: Listiono Heru , Damiri Nurhayati , Kamaluddin Totong , Irsan Chandra , Rahim Supli Effendi 
Published: February 2025

Vector-borne disease such as Dengue Hemorrghagic (DHF), transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, remain a significant public health concern in Indonesia. Controlling these disease often involves insectides; however, the negative impact of chemical insecticides have prompted interest in organic alternatives derived from plants. Certain weeds, including cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica), wild sugarcane (Saccharum spontaneoum), and needle grass (Andropogon aciculatus), have shown potential as botanical insecticides. Research findings showed that weed root extracts significantly affect larval mortality rate of Ae. Aegypti. At 1000 ppm, larval mortality was significantly higher compared to 100 ppm and the control, while treatments of 1 ppm and 10 ppm showed similar results to the control. Probit analysis revealed that I. cylindrica root extract achieved an LC50 of 974.99 ppm within 24 hours, indicating it could kill 50% of Ae. Aegypti larvae. Within 48 hours, the LC50 dropped to 889.20 ppm. Toxicity tests further revealed significant differences in Ae. Aegypti egg-laying abilities when treated with extracts. Analysis of variance yielded p-values of 0.000 for egg hatching within 72 and 96 hours, highlighting significant differences across samples. These findings suggest the extracts influence mosquito reproduction, warranting further studies to assess the quality of egg hatched from larvae exposed to these treatments. The potential of botanical insecticides derived from weeds represents a promising step toward sustainable mosquito control in the fight against vector-borne diseases.
Acute kidney injury in the critically ill patient: a review of epidemiological studies in low-middle Income countries
Authors: Ajuyah R. , Okoye O. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to the sudden reduction in the kidney's ability to carry out its functions. AKI poses a major health burden in both low and middle income countries (LMIC) resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. It is a common complication in critically ill patients and has the potential of progressing to CKD.The objective of this article is to review the existing epidemiological studies on AKI in ICUs in LMIC.
Methods: Pubmed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and the Scientific Electronic Library online (SciELO) were searched for published reports, including article reviews on AKI in critically ill patients in LMIC. Search items included key words such as “acute kidney injury”, 'critically ill patient”, 'intensive care unit', 'epidemiology' low and middle income countries, 'developing countries'. The Search occurred between September to November 2022.Articles published from 2010 to 2022 were included in the search. The results reported according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
Results: Sixteen studies done in 13 LMIC were identified, with these studies analyzing data from 14835 patients from 51 ICUs within these countries from 2010 to 2022. Out of the studies reviewed, Six were from African countries and ten from non-African countries with male sex preponderance. The mean age of patients in the various studies ranged from 36 to 78 years with similar comorbidities reported such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, stroke and heart failure. The overall incidence of AKI in ICU ranged from 29% to 58.5%. RIFLE criteria was used to define AKI in 4 of the reported studies with same number using AKIN criteria and lastly, KDIGO used in 8 studies. While most of the studies used just serum creatinine to define AKI, the study done by Passoni et al included urine output as well. Mortality rate was between 25.7%to 68%. Risk factors for AKI in critically ill patients reported from most of the studies reviewed include increasing age, male sex, sepsis, increasing length of ICU stay, hypovolemia and vasopressor use. Also, comorbidities such as hypertension (14%-46%) and diabetes mellitus (13%- 45.9%) was common among patients. The length of ICU stay varied from 2 to 45 days with longer duration of stay noticed for patients with AKI for those reported.
Conclusion: it is reasonable to conclude that the high incidence of AKI and its contributory factors are persistent in LMICs with the associated poor outcomes.
Inhibition of <i>Naja nigricollis</i> venom phospholipase A<sub>2 </sub>by ethylacetate extract of <i>Solanum dasyphyllum</i> schum and thonn leaf: an <i>in-vitro</i> and <i>in-silico</i> approach
Authors: Adewunmi R.F. , Yesufu H.B. , Gidado Gidado , Pudza J.S. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Snakebite envenomation is an acute medical emergency, particularly in the tropics, and clinical treatment is through the administration of antivenom. However, given the limitations of conventional antivenoms, the plant kingdom is being explored for possible antivenom compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phospholipase A inhibitory potential of ethylacetate extract of 2 Solanum dasyphyllum and to isolate the compound responsible for the antivenom activity.
Materials and Method: The leaves of S. dasyphyllum were extracted, phytochemical constituents were screened and phospholipase A2 enzyme inhibition study was carried using standard methods. The ethylacetate extract was subjected to various chromatographic techniques to isolate the antivenom compound, and the structure was determined using HNMR and CNMR spectra. The proposed structure of the isolated compound was used for molecular docking study with cobra venom phospholipase A2 .
Results: The result of phospholipase A enzyme inhibition shows that different concentrations of ethylacetate extract of S. Dasyphyllum significantly inhibited the activity of phospholipase A2 in N. nigricollis venom. Chromatographic investigations of the extract lead to the isolation of methyl linolenate, and a strong interaction with the enzyme active site and a binding energy of -6.60 kca/mol was recorded when docked with cobra phospholipase A2 enzyme, thereby making it a potential inhibitor of the enzyme.
Conclusion: Conclusively, ethylacetate extract of S. dasyphyllum demonstrated a significant inhibition of phospholipids A2 enzyme and this finding suggests that methyl linolenate may be a potential inhibitor of phospholipase A2 and could possibly lead to the development of a drug to treat snakebites.
Pattern of female genital tract malignancies at Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Nigeria
Authors: Esemuede O. , Okhionkpamwonyi O. , Abedi H.O. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Cancers of the female genital tract contribute significantly to cancer-related morbidity and mortality globally. The pattern and distribution of these malignancies vary from region to regions. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence, pattern of presentation and distribution of the different types of genital tract malignancies in Delta State.
Materials and Methods: It was a cross sectional descriptive study of gynaecological malignancies managed at the Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara from January 2013 to December 2015. Case notes of all patients seen with gynaecological malignancies confirmed histo-pathologically during the studied period were retrieved. The required information was extracted from the case notes.
Results: A total of 3964 patients were seen at the gynaecological clinics during the period and 137 of these patients had gynaecological malignancies, with incidence of 3.5% of total gynaecological patients. Cervical cancer accounted for 68.42% of the cases. This was followed by ovarian cancer, comprising 15.79% and endometrial cancer, 12.78%. Vulvar cancer and choriocarcinoma were least occurring, accounting for 1.5% each. The mean age of all patients with genital tract malignancies was 51.26 ± 13.2years. The mean ages of patients with cervical, ovarian and endometrial cancers were 42.70 ± 3.15, 61.52 ± 6.82 and 58.76±5.57years respectively. The mean parity was 5.62 ±1.74.
Conclusion: Cervical cancer was the most common female genital malignancy and a higher proportion of the patients were grandmultiparous women with postcoital bleeding being the most common clinical presentation.
Platelet count variability in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: implication for haematopoietic system health
Authors: Echonwere-Uwikor B.E. , Chukwu P.H. , Ken-Ezihuo S.U. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Platelet count variability and indices are critical markers in assessing haematopoietic system health during chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) poses a risk of bleeding and delays treatment. This study evaluated platelet count changes during chemotherapy and their implications for haematopoietic health.To analyze platelet count variability in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and identify factors influencing haematopoietic system health.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study recruited 100 female breast cancer patients aged 21–60 years undergoing chemotherapy at RSUTH. Participant's demographics were recorded. Platelet parameters, including platelet counts (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT), were measured pre-chemotherapy (control and baseline) and after the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd chemotherapy cycles. Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05
Results: Most participants (48%) were aged 31-40 years, and 69% were at stage III cancer. Chemotherapy 9 significantly altered platelet indices. PLT increased from the control (179 ± 75.58 x 109 /L) to baseline (264 ± 103.4 x 109 /L) and showed variability across cycles (1st : 272.0 ± 142.6 x 109 /L, 2nd : 247 ± 142.6 x109 /L, 3rd :259.1 ± 109.3 x 109 /L; p = 0.001). MPV declined steadily (control: 9.5 ± 1.0 fL to 8.1 ± 0.6 fL by the 3rd cycle; p=0.032). PDW increased significantly (control: 16.3 ± 2.0% to 19.4 ± 3.5% by the 3rd cycle; p = 0.022). PCT showed a consistent decline (control: 0.30 ± 0.05% to 0.20 ± 0.03% by the 3rd cycle; p = 0.034).
Conclusion: Chemotherapy significantly affects platelet parameters in breast cancer patients, potentially indicating altered haematopoietic function. Monitoring these indices is vital for optimizing patient care and mitigating risks associated with treatment.