bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medial prefrontal theta phase coupling during spatial memory retrieval
Authors: Kaplan Raphael , Bush Daniel , Bonnefond Mathilde , Bandettini Peter A. , Barnes Gareth R. , Doeller Christian F. , Burgess Neil 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTMemory retrieval is believed to involve a disparate network of areas, including medial prefrontal and medial temporal cortices, but the mechanisms underlying their coordination remain elusive. One suggestion is that oscillatory coherence mediates inter‐regional communication, implicating theta phase and theta‐gamma phase‐amplitude coupling in mnemonic function across species. To examine this hypothesis, we used non‐invasive whole‐head magnetoencephalography (MEG) as participants retrieved the location of objects encountered within a virtual environment. We demonstrate that, when participants are cued with the image of an object whose location they must subsequently navigate to, there is a significant increase in 4–8 Hz theta power in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and the phase of this oscillation is coupled both with ongoing theta phase in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) and perceptually induced 65–85 Hz gamma amplitude in medial parietal cortex. These results suggest that theta phase coupling between mPFC and MTL and theta‐gamma phase‐amplitude coupling between mPFC and neocortical regions may play a role in human spatial memory retrieval. © 2014 The Authors. Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Memory‐related eye movements challenge behavioral measures of pattern completion and pattern separation
Authors: Molitor Robert J. , Ko Philip C. , Hussey Erin P. , Ally Brandon A. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTThe hippocampus creates distinct episodes from highly similar events through a process called pattern separation and can retrieve memories from partial or degraded cues through a process called pattern completion. These processes have been studied in humans using tasks where participants must distinguish studied items from perceptually similar lure items. False alarms to lures (incorrectly reporting a perceptually similar item as previously studied) are thought to reflect pattern completion, a retrieval‐based process. However, false alarms to lures could also result from insufficient encoding of studied items, leading to impoverished memory of item details and a failure to correctly reject lures. The current study investigated the source of lure false alarms by comparing eye movements during the initial presentation of items to eye movements made during the later presentation of item repetitions and similar lures in order to assess mnemonic processing at encoding and retrieval, respectively. Relative to other response types, lure false alarms were associated with fewer fixations to the initially studied items, suggesting that false alarms result from impoverished encoding. Additionally, lure correct rejections and lure false alarms garnered more fixations than hits, denoting additional retrieval‐related processing. The results suggest that measures of pattern separation and completion in behavioral paradigms are not process‐pure. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN YOUNG CHILDREN IN TWO TYPES OF FOSTER CARE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONAL REARING
Authors: Tibu Florin , Humphreys Kathryn L. , Fox Nathan A. , Nelson Charles A. , Zeanah Charles H. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTInstitutional rearing of young children has been demonstrated to increase risk for a broad range of psychiatric disorders and other impairments. This has led many countries to consider or to invest in foster care. However, no study to date has explored potential differences in psychiatric symptoms in children placed in different types of foster care. We assessed internalizing disorders, externalizing disorders, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in 54‐month‐old children living with foster families. We compared one group of children living in high‐quality foster families who had benefited from specialized training and support to another group of children placed with government‐sponsored foster care in Bucharest, Romania. After controlling for duration of time spent in foster care, there was a main group effect in predicting ADHD (p = .021) and a marginal group × gender interaction effect. No effects were noted for signs of externalizing disorders. There was, however, a significant group × gender interaction effect of signs of internalizing disorders (p = .007), with the girls in high‐quality foster care having less severe symptomatology than did their counterparts in the government‐sponsored group. Governments must invest in quality interventions for their most vulnerable citizens to prevent serious and potentially lasting problems.
Bone Cell Senescence: Mechanisms and Perspectives
Authors: Marie Pierre J 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT

Age-related bone loss is in large part the consequence of senescence mechanisms that impact bone cell number and function. In recent years, progress has been made in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying bone cell senescence that contributes to the alteration of skeletal integrity during aging. These mechanisms can be classified as intrinsic senescence processes, alterations in endogenous anabolic factors, and changes in local support. Intrinsic senescence mechanisms cause cellular dysfunctions that are not tissue specific and include telomere shortening, accumulation of oxidative damage, impaired DNA repair, and altered epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene transcription. Aging mechanisms that are more relevant to the bone microenvironment include alterations in the expression and signaling of local growth factors and altered intercellular communications. This review provides an integrated overview of the current concepts and interacting mechanisms underlying bone cell senescence during aging and how they could be targeted to reduce the negative impact of senescence in the aging skeleton. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
3‐Dimensional Tissue Is Formed From Cancer Cells In Vitro on Gelfoam®, But Not on MatrigelTM
Authors: Tome Yasunori , Uehara Fuminari , Mii Sumiyuki , Yano Shuya , Zhang Lei , Sugimoto Naotoshi , Maehara Hiroki , Bouvet Michael , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Kanaya Fuminori , Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTCell and tissue culture can be performed on different substrates such as on plastic, in Matrigel™, and on Gelfoam®, a sponge matrix. Each of these substrates consists of a very different surface, ranging from hard and inflexible, a gel, and a sponge‐matrix, respectively. Folkman and Moscona found that cell shape was tightly coupled to DNA synthesis and cell growth. Therefore, the flexibility of a substrate is important for cells to maintain their optimal shape. Human osteosarcoma cells, stably expressing a fusion protein of αv integrin and green fluorescent protein (GFP), grew as a simple monolayer without any structure formation on the surface of a plastic dish. When the osteosarcoma cells were cultured within Matrigel™, the cancer cells formed colonies but no other structures. When the cancer cells were seeded on Gelfoam®, the cells formed three‐dimensional tissue‐like structures. The behavior of 143B osteosarcoma cells on Gelfoam® in culture is remarkably different from those of these cells in monolayer culture or in Matrigel™. Tissue‐like structures were observed only in Gelfoam® culture. The data in this report suggest a flexible structural substrate such as Gelfoam® provides a more in vivo‐like culture condition than monolayer culture or MatrigelTM and that MatrigelTM does not result in actual three‐dimensional culture. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1362–1367, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling neck mobility in fossil turtles
Authors: Werneburg Ingmar , Hinz Juliane K. , Gumpenberger Michaela , Volpato Virginie , Natchev Nikolay , Joyce Walter G. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTTurtles have the unparalleled ability to retract their heads and necks within their shell but little is known about the evolution of this trait. Extensive analysis of neck mobility in turtles using radiographs, CT scans, and morphometry reveals that basal turtles possessed less mobility in the neck relative to their extant relatives, although the anatomical prerequisites for modern mobility were already established. Many extant turtles are able to achieve hypermobility by dislocating the central articulations, which raises cautions about reconstructing the mobility of fossil vertebrates. A 3D‐model of the Late Triassic turtle Proganochelys quenstedti reveals that this early stem turtle was able to retract its head by tucking it sideways below the shell. The simple ventrolateral bend seen in this stem turtle, however, contrasts with the complex double‐bend of extant turtles. The initial evolution of neck retraction therefore occurred in a near‐synchrony with the origin of the turtle shell as a place to hide the unprotected neck. In this early, simplified retraction mode, the conical osteoderms on the neck provided further protection. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 324B: 230–243, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multi‐Local Livelihoods and Food Security in Rural Africa
Authors: Andersson Djurfeldt Agnes 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article analyses household‐based food transfers as an expression of multi‐local livelihoods. Transfers of maize outside the co‐resident household unit are analysed on the basis of data from 2857 smallholder households across nine African countries. The study complements a growing interest in the role of food transfers for urban food security, through considering the food security implications for sending households. Food transfers in the top income quintile consist of distributing surplus production, whereas in the lower quintiles, transfers clearly compromise the food security of the sending households. The spatial mismatch between household production and consumption points to the need for development strategies that consider these wider subsistence obligations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of biochar amendment on soil‐silicon availability and rice uptake
Authors: Liu Xiaoyu , Li Lianqing , Bian Rongjun , Chen De , Qu Jingjing , Wanjiru Kibue Grace , Pan Genxing , Zhang Xuhui , Zheng Jinwei , Zheng Jufeng 
Published: February 2014

AbstractRice growth and its resistance to pests had been often constrained by soil‐silicon (Si) availability. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential of biochar soil amendment (BSA) to improve Si availability in paddy soils. A cross‐site field trail with BSA was conducted in six locations with different climatic and crop‐production conditions across S China. Plant‐available Si content before field‐trials establishment and after rice harvest, as well as Si content in rice shoot were determined. Varying with site conditions, plant‐available Si content of soil was observed to increase significantly with BSA in most sites. Significant increase in rice shoot Si was detected in four out of the six sites, which was well correlated to the concurrent increase in soil pH under BSA treatment. This study demonstrates an important role of BSA to improve Si availability and uptake by rice mainly through increasing soil pH of the acid and slightly acid rice soils.
Effect of methyl jasmonate, sodium selenate and chitosan as exogenous elicitors on the phenolic compounds profile of broccoli sprouts
Authors: Barrientos Carvacho Herna , Pérez Carmen , Zúñiga Gustavo , Mahn Andrea 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDBroccoli sprouts are a good source of secondary metabolites, exhibiting biological activity, such as polyphenols, whose concentration is affected by the exposure to exogenous elicitors. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of sodium selenate, chitosan and methyl jasmonate, applied directly to the seeds or through irrigation, on the content and profile of phenolic compounds in broccoli sprouts. The effect on antioxidant activity was also investigated.RESULTSMethyl jasmonate and chitosan decreased antioxidant capacity. Methyl jasmonate significantly decreased total polyphenols content in comparison with control sprouts, while chitosan significantly increased it. Sodium selenate had no statistical effect on antioxidant capacity and total polyphenols concentration. The polyphenols profile in sprouts was composed by quercetin, morine, genisteine, luteoline and sinapic acid. Elicitor type and concentration affected the synthesis of these compounds. Chitosan stimulated the synthesis of quercetin, sinapic acid and morine, whereas methyl jasmonate stimulated the synthesis of luteoline. Sodium selenate had no effect on polyphenols synthesis.CONCLUSIONThe exposure of broccoli to the elicitors produced changes in the phenolic compounds profile of broccoli sprouts. Besides, the stimulation of phenolic compounds synthesis was elicitor‐specific, thus opening the possibility of managing culture conditions to increase the content of a specific phenolic compound. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
A Case Study on Culture Brokers and Their Role in Tourism Management in the Indigenous Community of Taquile Island in Puno, Peru
Authors: Cherro Osorio Sandra Guisela , Best Gary 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis study examines the role of culture brokers in the management of tourism in the indigenous community of Taquile Island. Culture brokers are individuals that have the ability to understand visitors' culture as well as their own. In‐depth interviews were conducted with culture brokers, members of the community and tourists to explore the topic from multiple perspectives. The findings suggest that their strong sense of identity has determined that culture brokers direct the course of action from inside and outside their society, while members of the community contribute from their positions, and this collaborative effort positively influences the tourist experience. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping the Morphology of Polymer–Inorganic Nanocomposites Synthesized by Miniemulsion Polymerization
Authors: Asua José M. 
Published: February 2014

A first‐principles map for the equilibrium morphologies of polymer–inorganic nanocomposites synthesized by miniemulsion polymerization is developed. The predictions are compared with literature results on the effect of the initiator type, surfactant concentration, monomer system, and surface characteristics of the inorganic nanoparticles on the morphology of the nanocomposites. The limitations of the morphology map are also discussed.
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Suppressing Instability of Liquid Thin Films by a Fibril Network and its Application to Micropatterning without a Residual Layer
Authors: Park Jaeyoon , Park Minwoo , Jeong Unyong 
Published: February 2014

This study proposes a method to coat thin films of non‐volatile solvents on substrates. A small amount of crystalline polymer dissolved in solvents forms a network of crystalline fibrils during the coating process. The network suppresses dewetting of the solvent liquid and helps the liquid film sustaining on the substrate. This strategy can be used in soft lithography to generate micropatterns of diverse materials without having a residual layer. This process does not request etching for achieving residual layer‐free micropatterns, which has been a long challenge in soft lithography. As examples, we demonstrate micropatterns of polymer hydrogels and metal oxides (ZnO, In2O3
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Stimuli‐Triggered Growth and Removal of a Bioreducible Nanoshell on Nanoparticles
Authors: Han Li‐Fen , Chen Qian‐Bao , Hu Zong‐Tao , Piao Jia‐Gang , Hong Chun‐Yan , Yan Jun‐Jie , You Ye‐Zi 
Published: February 2014

A new and easy method of stimuli‐triggered growth and removal of a bioreducible nanoshell on nanoparticles is reported. The results show that pH or temperature could induce the aggregation of disulfide‐contained branched polymers at the surface of nanoparticles; subsequently, the aggregated polymers could undergo intermolecular disulfide exchange to cross‐link the aggregated polymers, forming a bioreducible polymer shell around nanoparticles. When these nanoparticles with a polymer shell are treated with glutathione (GSH) or d,l‐dithiothreitol (DTT), the polymer shell could be easily removed from the nanoparticles. The potential application of this method is demonstrated by easily growing and removing a bioreducible shell from liposomes, and improvement of in vivo gene transfection activity of liposomes with a bioreducible PEG shell.
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Motor activity at age one year does not predict ADHD at seven years
Authors: Johnson Paul , Ahamat Boolang , Mcconnachie Alex , Puckering Christine , Marwick Helen , Furnivall Daniel , Marwick Robbie , Gillberg Christopher , Heron Jon , Wilson Philip 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe have examined the predictive utility of motor activity in infancy towards diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in later childhood. We conducted a nested case‐control study using videos of infants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Sixty videos of children who received any Development and Well‐being Assessment (DAWBA) psychiatric diagnosis at age 91 months (including 16 with ADHD) plus two controls per case were selected for data analysis. Body movements were measured at age one year: associations between motor activity‐derived variables using factor analysis, and later ADHD diagnoses were sought. No significant association was found between infant motor activity and later ADHD. A positive association between motor activity and inattentive ADHD was found in males. Motor activity at age one year did not predict ADHD at age seven years. The positive association with inattentive ADHD in males requires further investigation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guideline Recommendations for Post‐Acute Postoperative Physiotherapy in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: Are They Used in Daily Clinical Practice?
Authors: Peter W. F. , Nelissen R. G. H. H. , Vliet Vlieland T. P. M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn a Dutch guideline on physiotherapy (PT) in hip and knee osteoarthritis, a number of recommendations on post‐acute (i.e. after discharge from hospital) PT following total hip (THA) and total knee (TKA) arthroplasty were included. Little is known about the uptake of these recommendations in daily clinical practice.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to determine the extent to which the guideline recommendations regarding post‐acute PT after THA and TKA are followed in daily clinical practice.MethodsAn online pilot survey on the delivery of post‐acute, postoperative PT was sent to a random sample of 957 Dutch physiotherapists. The survey included questions on the application of recommended, neither recommended nor advised against, and advised against treatment modalities and various treatment modalities for which there were no formulated recommendations.ResultsA total of 219 physiotherapists completed the questionnaire, with a mean age of 40 years (standard deviation 12.6), 55% female and 95% working in primary care. The vast majority reported the use of the recommended exercise modalities (muscle strengthening exercises (96%), and functional exercises (99%). Continuous passive motion, which was neither recommended nor advised against, and electrical muscle stimulation, which was not recommended, were provided by 1%. Reported treatment modalities for which there were no formulated recommendations included patient education (99%), gait training (95%), active range of motion (ROM) exercises (93%), balance exercises (86%), passive ROM exercises (58%), aerobic exercises (50%), massage (18%) and cold therapy (11%).ConclusionsThe vast majority of physiotherapists reported adhering to recommendations on post‐acute postoperative PT in THA and TKA patients after discharge from hospital. Although yet to be confirmed in a larger nationwide survey, the relatively high frequency of use of many other treatment modalities, for which there were no formulated recommendations, suggests the need to extend the current set of recommendations to include evidence‐based statements on additional treatment modalities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Side‐on main‐chain liquid crystalline polymers prepared by acyclic diene metathesis polymerization and thiol‐ene click step‐growth polymerization
Authors: Yang Hong , Lv You‐Jing , Lin Bao‐Ping , Zhang Xue‐Qin , Sun Ying , Guo Ling‐Xiang 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn this manuscript, we design and synthesize a series of X‐shaped mesogenic monomers, bearing two terminal‐alkene tails. Starting from these X‐shaped monomers, acyclic diene metathesis polymerization and thiol‐ene polyaddition are applied for the first time to prepare two series of side‐on main‐chain liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs), respectively. The mesomorphic behaviors and structure‐property relationships of these new polymers are studied in detail by a combination of1H NMR, GPC, TGA, DSC, POM, and XRD experiments. It turns out that the length of alkoxy terminal chains of the embedded mesogens and the length of the spacer connecting two adjacent mesogens on the polymer backbones markedly influence the mesomorphic properties. Furthermore, a side‐on main‐chain liquid crystalline elastomer fiber is prepared by crosslinking the LCP using a UV‐sensitive bifunctional benzophenone crosslinker. In comparison with the pure polymer fiber's monodomain alignment, the crosslinked elastomer fiber however shows nonaligned polydomain structure, probably due to the order competitions between the mixed crosslinkers, mesogens, and polymer backbones. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2014,52, 1086–1098
Dyadic effects of coping strategies on emotional state and quality of life in prostate cancer patients and their spouses
Authors: Lafaye Anaïs , Petit Sylvie , Richaud Pierre , Houédé Nadine , Baguet Fanny , Cousson‐Gélie Florence 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundDuring cancer, coping strategies adopted by patients with prostate cancer and their spouses have an effect on their own emotional state and quality of life (QoL). However, the effects of coping strategies used by a member of a couple on the well‐being of the other member are unknown. The aim of this study is to examine the dyadic effects of coping strategies on the emotional state and QoL of couples dealing with cancer.MethodsNinety‐nine couples completed various self‐questionnaires to assess psychological and physical QoL, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and coping strategies at the beginning, middle, and end of primary treatment.ResultsResults obtained with the actor–partner interdependence model showed that coping strategies used by patients or spouses play a key role not only in their own well‐being but also in their partners'. Indeed, when patients use problem‐focused coping or social support‐seeking, they, as well as their spouses, experience fewer anxiety and depressive symptoms. Conversely, patients or spouses who use emotion‐focused coping experience higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Finally, and it is a surprising result, when spouses seek social support, patients feel greater anxiety.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that both patients and spouses should be included in psychosocial programs, which develop and reinforce their ability to cope with cancer. Couples may benefit from membership in support groups allowing them to share their experiences. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.