bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LOV Domains as In Vivo Fluorescent Reporters of Protein Expression
Authors: Christie John M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractChromophore‐binding domains from plant and bacterial photoreceptors have received increasing interest as new sources of genetically encoded fluorescent proteins (FPs). In particular, FPs based on the flavin‐binding LOV (Light, Oxygen, or Voltage sensing) domain offer advantages over green fluorescent protein (GFP) owing to their smaller size and utility under anaerobic conditions. Recombinant expression of LOV domains in Escherichia coli (E. coli) is fast, easy to detect, and inexpensive given the innate ability of LOV domains to acquire their ubiquitous organic cofactor from the cellular environment. This manuscript describes the strategies and variables to consider when expressing and purifying LOV‐domain protein fusions from liquid cultures of E. coli. Strategies for expressing and visualizing LOV‐domain fusion proteins in E. coli grown on agar medium are also described. Curr. Protoc. Essential Lab. Tech. 6:13.1.1‐13.1.11. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hydrolysis of Fatty Acid Esters by Candida Antarctica Lipase B (Novozym 435) Dissolved in Anhydrous Triethylamine
Authors: Braner Markus , Zielonka Stefan , Grzeschik Julius , Krah Simon , Lieb Sebastian , Petras Daniel , Wagner Xenia , Ahmed Imrana , Hüttenhain Stefan H. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEnzyme‐catalyzed stereoselective esterification of OH groups in non‐aqueous media has been widely used for kinetic racemate resolution. However, rapid hydrolysis of the ester group was observed as a competing reaction if we attempted to resolve 3‐hydroxy octanoic acid methyl ester with Novozym 435 in a non‐aqueous medium with a catalytic amount of the base triethylamine. This hydrolysis away from the stereogenic carbon atom showed stereoselectivity, thus the preparative value of this reaction was inspected closer and it could be extended to higher homologues. 3‐Hydroxy decanoic acid methyl ester, 3‐hydroxy dodecanoic acid methyl ester and 3‐hydroxy tetradecanoic acid methyl ester were also hydrolyzed by Novozym 435 with enhanced reaction rates and moderate selectivities if dissolved in triethylamine. Ethyl mandelate and ethyl lactate were also converted under these conditions. The same phenomenon could also be observed with a 2 % DABCO solution in hexane, whereas secondary amines, for example piperidine, did not influence the reaction.
Nondoped Deep‐Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Color Stability and Very Low Efficiency Roll‐Off: Solution‐Processable Small‐Molecule Fluorophores by Phosphine Oxide Linkage
Authors: Liu Cui , Gu Yu , Fu Qiang , Sun Ning , Zhong Cheng , Ma Dongge , Qin Jingui , Yang Chuluo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA series of solution‐processable small molecules PO1–PO4 were designed and synthesized by linking N‐phenylnaphthalen‐1‐amine groups to a phenyl phosphine oxide core through a π‐conjugated bridge, and their thermal, photophysical, and electrochemical properties were investigated. The phosphine oxide linkage can disrupt the conjugation and allows the molecular system to be extended to enable solution processability and high glass transition temperatures (159–181 °C) while preserving the deep‐blue emission. The noncoplanar molecular structures resulting from the trigonal‐pyramidal configuration of the phosphine oxide can suppress intermolecular interactions, and thus these compounds exhibit strong deep‐blue emission both in solution and the solid state with high photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) of 0.88–0.99 in dilute toluene solution. Solution‐processed nondoped organic light‐emitting diodes featuring PO4 as emitter achieve a maximum current efficiency of 2.36 cd A−1 with CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.11) that are very close to the NTSC blue standard. Noticeably, all devices based on these small‐molecular fluorescent emitters show striking deep‐blue electroluminescent color stability and extremely low efficiency roll‐off.
A Binuclear Iron–Thiolate Catalyst for Electrochemical Hydrogen Production in Aqueous Micellar Solution
Authors: Quentel François , Passard Guillaume , Gloaguen Frederic 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe substituted iron–thiolate complex [Fe2(μ‐bdt)(CO)4{P(OMe)3}2] (bdt=benzenedithiolate) is an active catalyst for electrochemical hydrogen production in aqueous sodium dodecyl sulfate solution, with a high apparent rate constant of 4×106 M−1 s−1. The half‐peak potential for catalysis of proton reduction is less negative than −0.6 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode at pH 3. Voltammetric data are consistent with the rate of electrode reaction controlled by diffusion. A mechanism that begins with the rapid protonation of the iron–thiolate catalyst is proposed. The Faradaic efficiency in diluted HCl solutions is close to 100 %, but the catalytic activity decayed after about twelve turnovers when electrolysis was carried out in the presence of acetic acid.
Dendrimer Functionalization with a Membrane‐Interacting Domain of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: Towards Intracellular Delivery
Authors: Carberry Tom P. , Tarallo Rossella , Falanga Annarita , Finamore Emiliana , Galdiero Massimiliano , Weck Marcus , Galdiero Stefania 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA poly(amide)‐based dendrimer was synthesized and functionalized with the membrane‐interacting peptide gH(625–644) (gH625) derived from the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) envelope glycoprotein H, which has previously been shown to assist in delivering large cargoes across the cellular membrane. We demonstrate that the attachment of the gH625 peptide sequence to the termini of a dendrimer allows the conjugate to penetrate into the cellular matrix, whereas the unfunctionalized dendrimer is excluded from translocation. The peptide‐functionalized dendrimer is rapidly taken into the cells mainly through a non‐active translocation mechanism. Our results suggest that the presented peptidodendrimeric scaffold may be a promising material for efficient drug delivery.
From Biomass Wastes to Highly Efficient CO2 Adsorbents: Graphitisation of Chitosan and Alginate Biopolymers
Authors: Primo Ana , Forneli Amparo , Corma Avelino , García Hermenegildo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCarbon spheres from natural biopolymers (alginate and chitosan) are easily synthesised by thermal treatment between 400 and 800 °C under an inert atmosphere. All the samples, including the untreated natural biopolymers, as well as the resulting carbon materials, exhibit a remarkable CO2‐adsorption capacity. The sample that exhibits the highest adsorption capacity was that obtained by carbonisation of alginate at 800 °C and subsequent treatment with KOH at 800 °C. This material exhibits a specific surface area of 765 m2 g−1, specific micropore volume of 0.367 cm3 g−1, ultra‐micropore volume of 0.185 cm3 g−1, average ultra‐micropore size of 0.7 nm and CO2‐adsorption capacity of 5 mmol g−1 measured at 0 °C and atmospheric pressure. This value is close to the absolute record for CO2 adsorption and, by far, the highest if we compare unit areas or consider the density of the material. The combination of the high N content already included in the chitosan structure and the elevated microporosity in the case of alginate are crucial factors to obtain these satisfactory values with an easy and green preparation procedure. Also, owing to the high conductivity of the alginate‐derived carbon (better than graphite), it has been possible to develop a process of reversible adsorption–desorption by applying a voltage, which is a low‐energy desorption method compared with the conventional method of vacuum and high temperatures. All these properties, together with the spherical shape of the material of 0.1 mm, which is the most suitable form to favour mass transfer in fluidised‐bed reactors, make this material a highly promising adsorbent for industrial applications.
Detection of cytoplasmic nucleophosmin expression by imaging flow cytometry
Authors: Grimwade Lizz , Gudgin Emma , Bloxham David , Bottley Graham , Vassiliou George , Huntly Brian , Scott Mike A. , Erber Wendy N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMutations within the nucleophosmin NPM1 gene occur in approximately one‐third of cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). These mutations result in cytoplasmic accumulation of the mutant NPM protein. NPM1 mutations are currently detected by molecular methods. Using samples from 37 AML patients, we investigated whether imaging flow cytometry could be a viable alternative to this current technique. Bone marrow/peripheral blood cells were stained with anti‐NPM antibody and DRAQ5 nuclear stain, and data were acquired on an ImageStream imaging flow cytometer (Amnis Corp., Seattle, USA). Using the similarity feature for data analysis, we demonstrated that this technique could successfully identify cases of AML with a NPM1 mutation based on cytoplasmic NPM protein staining (at similarity threshold of 1.1 sensitivity 88% and specificity 90%). Combining data of mean fluorescence intensity and % dissimilar staining in a 0–2 scoring system further improved the sensitivity (100%). Imaging flow cytometry has the potential to be included as part of a standard flow cytometry antibody panel to identify potential NPM1 mutations as part of diagnosis and minimal residual disease monitoring. Imaging flow cytometry is an exciting technology that has many possible applications in the diagnosis of hematological malignancies, including the potential to integrate modalities. © 2012 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Pax2 modulates proliferation during specification of the otic and epibranchial placodes
Authors: Freter Sabine , Muta Yuko , O'Neill Paul , Vassilev Vassil S. , Kuraku Shigehiro , Ladher Raj K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground: The inner ear and epibranchial ganglia of vertebrates arise from a shared progenitor domain that is induced by FGF signalling, the posterior placodal area (PPA), before being segregated by Wnt signalling. One of the first genes activated in the PPA is the transcription factor Pax2. Loss‐of‐ and gain‐of function studies have defined a role for Pax2 in placodal morphogenesis and later inner ear development, but have not addressed the role Pax2 plays during the formation and maintenance of the PPA. Results: To understand the role of Pax2 during the development of the PPA, we used over‐expression and repression of Pax2. Both gave rise to a smaller otocyst and repressed the formation of epibranchial placodes. In addition, cell cycle analysis revealed that Pax2 suppression reduced proliferation of the PPA. Conclusions: Our results suggest that Pax2 functions in the maintenance but not the induction of the PPA. One role of Pax2 is to maintain proper cell cycle proliferation in the PPA. Developmental Dynamics 241:1716–1728, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Robustness of the hypoxic response: Another job for miRNAs?
Authors: De Lella Ezcurra Ana Laura , Bertolin Agustina P. , Melani Mariana , Wappner Pablo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLiving organisms are constantly exposed to environmental and genetic perturbations. Biological robustness enables these organisms to maintain their functional stability in the presence of external or internal changes. It has been proposed that microRNAs (miRNAs), small non‐coding regulatory RNAs, contribute to robustness of gene regulatory networks. The hypoxic response is a major and well‐characterized example of a cellular and systemic response to environmental stress that needs to be robust. miRNAs regulate the response to hypoxia, both at the level of the main transcription factor that mediates this response, the hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF), and at the level of one of the most important systemic outcomes of the response: angiogenesis. In this review, we will take the hypoxic response as a paradigm of miRNAs participating in circuits that provide robustness to biological responses. Developmental Dynamics, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Materials Based on Amino Acid Modified Hydrotalcites Used as UV‐Absorber Fillers for Polybutylene Succinate
Authors: Coelho Christian , Stimpfling Thomas , Leroux Fabrice , Verney Vincent 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPolybutylene succinate (PBS)‐functionalized nanocomposites with amino acid tyrosine (TYR)‐ and tryptophan (TRY)‐hybrid‐interleaved layered double hydroxide (LDH) materials exhibit interesting anti‐UV properties and rheological properties. Embedding amino acid into the layered double hydroxide container preserves the UV shielding property of the pristine organic molecule. When employed in an aliphatic polymer such as PBS, chain scission occurs during photoageing and accelerates the degradation of the raw material. However the embedded inorganic amino acid melt blended with PBS prevents such degradative phenomenon. An investigation of their structure–property relationship (i.e., nonmiscibility and expanded PBS nanocomposite structures) was conducted. The nonmiscible structure observed for LDH‐TYR was found to be associated with a chain‐extender behaviour, whereas the interleaved structure of PBS‐LDH‐TRY yielded a liquid–gel transition. Both PBS nanocomposite structures were found to be stable under agressive UV conditions, whereas amino acid free of an LDH container resulted in a deleterious effect when dispersed in PBS, largely promoting PBS chain scission. Hence amino acid organically modified hydrotalcites appear to hold promise for use as UV absorbers when dispersed into other aliphatic biodegradable polymers.
Current and future technologies for the sustainable and cost‐efficient production of high quality food oils
Authors: De Greyt Wim F.J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe production of high quality food oils in a cost‐efficient and also sustainable way requires a new refining approach and “next generation” oil refining processes are developed to meet the new refining standards. Nano‐neutralization was recently successfully introduced in chemical refining as first industrial application of the nano‐reactor® technology. Proven advantages include significant lower chemicals consumption and a higher refined oil yield. A better understanding of the working principle will definitively result in more applications in edible oil processing. Enzymatic degumming was (re‐)discovered as efficient degumming technique making not only degummed oils suitable for physical refining giving but also giving a higher yield. Bleaching is gradually converted from a single stage “bleaching” into a multi‐stage adsorptive purification process in which a wide range of unwanted components (soaps, phospholipids, oxidation products, trace metals, contaminants, etc.) are removed prior to deodorization. This is achieved by a more systematic use of more efficient adsorbents (bleaching earths, silica hydrogels, and activated carbon). Recent trends and developments in deodorization include more efficient heat recovery, improved stripping tray design and integration of packed column strippers, reducing heat load by application of dual temperature deodorizers and low pressure (ice condensing) vacuum systems and reducing oil losses and increasing the value of the deodorizer distillate by improved (dual) vapor scrubbers. Other technologies like short path distillation and supercritical CO2 technology have also been investigated but are not (yet) broadly applied because of too high operating cost. Although there is the growing importance of oil quality and sustainable processing, potential cost saving and/or oil yield increase remain the prime parameters for the implementation of a new process.
Rethinking Plagiarism in the Digital Age
Authors: Evering Lea Calvert , Moorman Gary 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPlagiarism is a complex issue in need of reexamination. A common misconception is there is consensus on what constitute plagiarism, and general agreement that engaging in plagiarism and other forms of academic dishonesty is a major breech of ethics. There seems to be little concern for differentiating degrees of seriousness; the intentional copying of large amounts of text without acknowledgement is often viewed the same as failing to properly cite sources. Furthermore, instruction that addresses issues related to plagiarism is rare. In this article, the authors explore the issue in relation to the ever‐changing digital environment, and provide one specific example of explicit instruction that engages students in copying information from the Internet, rewriting or paraphrasing, then citing appropriately. Knowing students will utilize technology for writing and research, instruction should aim at demystifying the concept of plagiarism while at the same time improving students’ research and writing skills.
Is Fluent, Expressive Reading Important for High School Readers?
Authors: Paige David D. , Rasinski Timothy V. , Magpuri‐Lavell Theresa 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAlthough reading fluency has been identified as a critical element in successful literacy curricula for elementary students, fluency has been relatively neglected beyond the elementary grades. Prior research has shown that word recognition automaticity (one component of fluency) is strongly associated with overall reading proficiency among secondary students. Prosody (expressive oral reading; the other component of fluency) has not been previously studied with secondary students. The present study examines the relationship between oral prosody and silent reading comprehension among secondary students. Findings indicate a strong association between prosody and silent reading comprehension. Moreover, a significant number of students have not achieved even a minimally acceptable level of prosody in their reading. Based on these and previous studies into fluency and secondary students’ reading, we argue that fluency be made an integral part of reading instruction for secondary students struggling in reading.
Brominated flame retardants stimulate mouse immune cells in vitro
Authors: Koike Eiko , Yanagisawa Rie , Takigami Hidetaka , Takano Hirohisa 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTBrominated flame retardants (BFRs) are widely used in consumer products. Their toxicological effects as endocrine disruptors have been partly examined. However, their immunological effects have not been elucidated. To evaluate the effects of BFRs on immune responses, we investigated whether BFRs affect phenotypes and the function of immune cells in vitro. Here we examined the commercial pentabromodiphenyl ether mixture (DE‐71), octabromodiphenyl ether mixture (DE‐79), decabromodiphenyl ether mixture (DE‐83R), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). Splenocytes and bone marrow (BM) cells were prepared from atopic prone NC/Nga mice. Splenocytes were exposed to each BFR for 24 h. BM cells were cultured with granulocyte macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) for 8 days and BM‐derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) were exposed to each BFR for 24 h. In another experiment, BM cells were cultured with GM‐CSF in the presence of each BFR for 6 days during BMDC differentiation. After exposure, cell surface molecule expression and cytokine production were investigated. Each BFR increased MHC class II and CD86 expression and interleukin (IL)‐4 production in splenocytes. DE‐71, HBCD and TBBPA increased T cell receptor (TCR) expression in splenocytes. In both experiments, all BFRs except TBBPA increased DEC205 expression in BMDCs. BMDCs that differentiated in the presence of HBCD showed enhanced MHC class II, CD80, CD86 and CD11c expression. The results demonstrate that some BFRs may stimulate immune cells. BFRs can induce or enhance immune/allergic responses by increasing antigen presentation‐related molecule expression and IL‐4 production. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Severe skeletal toxicity from protracted etidronate therapy for generalized arterial calcification of infancy
Authors: Otero Jesse E , Gottesman Gary S , McAlister William H , Mumm Steven , Madson Katherine L , Kiffer-Moreira Tina , Sheen Campbell , Millán José Luis , Ericson Karen L , Whyte Michael P 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Generalized arterial calcification (AC) of infancy (GACI) is an autosomal recessive disorder that features hydroxyapatite deposition within arterial elastic fibers. Untreated, approximately 85% of GACI patients die by 6 months of age from cardiac ischemia and congestive heart failure. The first-generation bisphosphonate etidronate (EHDP; ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid, also known as 1-hydroxyethylidene-bisphosphonate) inhibits bone resorption and can mimic endogenous inorganic pyrophosphate by blocking mineralization. With EHDP therapy for GACI, AC may resolve without recurrence upon treatment cessation. Skeletal disease is not an early characteristic of GACI, but rickets can appear from acquired hypophosphatemia or prolonged EHDP therapy. We report a 7-year-old boy with GACI referred for profound, acquired, skeletal disease. AC was gone after 5 months of EHDP therapy during infancy, but GACI-related joint calcifications progressed. He was receiving EHDP, 200 mg/day orally, and had odynodysphagia, diffuse opioid-controlled pain, plagiocephaly, facial dysmorphism, joint calcifications, contractures, and was wheelchair bound. Biochemical parameters of mineral homeostasis were essentially normal. Serum osteocalcin was low and the brain isoform of creatine kinase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP-5b) were elevated as in osteopetrosis. Skeletal radiographic findings resembled pediatric hypophosphatasia with pancranial synostosis, long-bone bowing, widened physes, as well as metaphyseal osteosclerosis, cupping and fraying, and “tongues” of radiolucency. Radiographic features of osteopetrosis included osteosclerosis and femoral Erlenmeyer flask deformity. After stopping EHDP, he improved rapidly, including remarkable skeletal healing and decreased joint calcifications. Profound, but rapidly reversible, inhibition of skeletal mineralization with paradoxical calcifications near joints can occur in GACI from protracted EHDP therapy. Although EHDP treatment is lifesaving in GACI, surveillance for toxicity is crucial. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Changing culture—patience is not a virtue
Authors: Bruce Shaw Robert , Ronald Mark 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIt is often necessary for organizations to change their culture. Shaw and Ronald say that this can happen quickly, and that the “best leaders are able to identify which actions, in which order, are needed to produce rapid shifts.” Change can be accelerated by paying attention to some basic principles, including the open‐minded assessment of the current culture (good and bad), making a case for change based on a compelling storyline, realigning metrics, paying attention to symbolism, and personally embodying the new culture, as “people are constantly observing and interpreting the behavior of their senior leader.”
The Impact of Attribute Importance in the Effects of Option Framing on Choice: Budget Range and Justification as Moderators of Loss Aversion
Authors: PARK SEHOON , KIM MOON‐YONG 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTLoss aversion or an endowment‐based explanation clearly predicts that subtractive option framing (i.e. deleting mode or starting from a full model) will have a stronger effect on choice than additive option framing (i.e. adding mode or starting from a base model). This research examines whether the differential effects of option framing (additive vs. subtractive) on choice vary depending on the importance of attributes that constitute the defaults. Furthermore, this research proposes that consumers’ budget range and justification for choice serve to moderate the differential effects of option framing on choice.