bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aquifer Matching With Material Balance Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm – PSO
Authors: Ottah D. G. , Ikiensikimama S. S. , Matemilola S. A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Reservoir modelling is repeatedly employed in petroleum reservoir studies to understand and analyse petroleum reservoirs, evaluate and/or quantify subsurface uncertainties and to generate production forecasts. For the reservoir to be described and understood with sufficient accuracy, the presence of an external energy in the reservoir must be identified and described. One of the key petroleum tools employed for this endeavouris the Material Balance. Itcan be used to understand the reservoir behaviour, including the size and response of any connecting aquifer that may be present.
This study focuses on the application of a non-deterministic method - Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSO) in identification and estimation of the aquifer properties – aquifer-to-reservoir radius ratio and original oil in place in a petroleum reservoir. The method can be applied to both simple and complex reservoirs for quick analysis and interpretation of historical production data. While current methods use a deterministic approach to generate an ‘optimum’ solution, PSO generates an ensemble of solutions making it possible to estimate the uncertainty bandwidth and thus a confidence interval for certain parameters. This is done by applying the Havlena-Odeh material balance equation and by using production data available. We show that Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is able to identify the aquifer-to-reservoir radius ratio and original oil in place uncertainty bandwidth. Furthermore, a P90 analysis of the results obtained compared fairly well to other methods and actual results.
Petroleum Source Rock Potential of the Upper Benue Trough, Nigeria: Implications for Hydrocarbon Exploration
Authors: Raji Jamiudeen Kayode , Adebowale Ademola Olabisi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Forty six (46) shale samples were collected from borehole, quarry and outcrop in the Northern Benue Trough which consists of Gongola and Yola Basins respectively. The Gongola Basin comprises Bima Formation, the Yolde Formation, Pindiga/Gongila Formation and capped with Gombe Formation whereas the Yola Bain consists of Bima Formation, Yolde Formation, Dukul/Jessu/Numanha Formation and capped with Lamja Formation. The samples were subjected to vitrinite reflectance, Rock Eval pyrolysis and infrared spectroscopy in order to evaluate their organic richness, thermal maturity and petroleum generating potential. The total organic carbon (TOC) values of the Gongola Basin are between 0.20 and 2.46 wt. % averaging 0.70 wt. % while that of Yola Basin range from 0.11 to 12.9 wt. % averaging 1.50 wt. %. The mean random vitrinite reflectance (Rom) values in the Gongola Basin range from 0.48% in the Gombe Formation to 0.65% in the Pindiga Formation and 0.67% in the Gongila Formation. Also, the reflectance values in the Yola Basin increase with stratigraphic age ranging from 0.63 to 0.80% in the Dukul and Yolde Formations respectively. The thermal maturity of the organic matter (Tmax) values from the pyrolysis of shales in the Gongola Basin is between 420 and 440°C while that of Yola Basin range from 435 to 445°C. The plot of hydrogen index (HI) vs Tmax for classification of kerogen in the Gongila and Pindiga Formations reveals prevalence of Type III kerogen while that of Dukul and Yolde Formations shows Type II – III kerogen. The results obtained suggest that Gongola Basin source rocks are fair and thermally immature to marginally mature and have potential to generate gas in the deeply buried section whereas the Yola Basin source rock are between fair to good and thermally mature with potential to generate oil and gas in the deeper section.
Saturation Height Modelling in a Partially Appraised Gas Field using analogue Field Core Data: An optimisation case study of ZAN Field in the Niger Delta
Authors: Olakunle Iyowu , Chinedu Anijekwu , Udoka Nwabudike , Muyiwa Esho 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Saturation height modelling is a critical input into 3-D based resource volume estimates. Calibrating saturation height models with in-field core data, particularly from the reservoir of interest, helps to reduce the uncertainties in reservoir saturation estimates. Due to paucity of Core data in most fields; Saturation height modelling is usually done with wireline logs only, using analytical equations. These equations sometimes do not have unique solutions with the same set of log data. The accuracy of the derived solutions is further reduced when these fits are derived without calibration to core data. Some of the log-only model-fits may also not have physical meaning even when there are good visual match with saturation profile at well points; thus failing when exported into a reservoir simulator. It is therefore pertinent to find a way of constraining the results from log-derived capillary models with fitting parameters obtained using core data from analogue fields in the absence of in-situ core data in subject field.
The paper demonstrates the value in the use of analogue field core data for calibration of log-derived saturation model. ZAN field is a partially appraised field that has been identified for gas development with two well penetration that have complete suite of logs required for reliable saturation estimates and no core data. Log-based Capillary Pressure models were initially built, without any form of core calibration, with very limited success. To improve the quality of the model, capillary pressure measurements from analogue fields were used as building block for an improved capillary pressure model that was subsequently calibrated with logs from the field of interest. This resulted in an improved saturation match at well positions and also improved dynamic model initialisation.
A New Solution Methodology to the Material Balance Equation, for Saturated Reservoirs
Authors: Mosobalaje Olatunde O. , Onuh Charles Y. , Seteyeobot Ifeanyi 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The material balance equation (MBE) is a versatile analytical tool in petroleum reservoir engineering. Solution to the MBE is put to a predictive use for predicting reservoir performance, i.e. cumulative oil production, Np as a function of the declining average reservoir pressure, P¯. For under-saturated reservoir (single-phase flow), the MBE presents Np as an explicit function of pressure drawdown (P¯−Pwf); hence a direct solution of the MBE yields the average pressure, P¯ for a given Np value. However, for multiphase flow in saturated reservoirs, the average reservoir pressure P¯ does not appear explicitly in the MBE, rather, it is implicitly present in the various pressure-dependent PVT parameters in the MBE (i.e. (Bo, Bg and Rs). Furthermore, the MBE for saturated reservoirs features the cumulative GOR term, Rp, a parameter related to Np; hence solving the MBE for saturated reservoirs typically involves cumbersome iterative schemes.
There exist in the literature various methodologies of solving the MBE with the purpose of predicting estimates of cumulative oil production, Np versus the declining average reservoir pressure, P¯. The methodologies typically involve some multi-step iterations as the equation is solved for Np or Gp at various arbitrarily-chosen pressure nodes.
The need to solve this implicit problem without the rigor of human guesswork is the motivation for this work. This current work therefore presents a simple and computationally-cheap method for solving the MBE for the purpose of predicting estimates of cumulative oil production, Np versus the declining average reservoir pressure, P¯.
In this new solution methodology, the philosophy of solving the MBE is analytically founded on the equality of the Left Hand Side, LHS (fluid withdrawal terms) and the Right Hand Side, RHS (fluid expansion terms) of the MBE for saturated reservoirs, and the pressure that upholds the equality.
This new solution methodology has been applied to two reservoir models and has been found to yield performance predictions that compares excellently well with predictions obtained from numerical solution (simulation) of complex fluid flow equations.
A Field Study of Surface Sampling in Well Testing. A New Approach
Authors: Boniface Oriji Aleruchi , zakka Bala 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This paper is on a new method of conducting surface sampling in well testing for representative well samples for better results based on acceptable well conditioning procedures,. It is important to properly condition the well before commencing sampling because pressure drawdown associated with normal production rates may often cause two phase flow near the wellbore, especially if the fluid in the formation was initially saturated. Proper well conditioning during sampling is also important to ensure that filtrate contaminants from mud which can mix with produced fluid are eliminated prior to commencement of sampling. This study was carried out in four stages; a review of the conventional sampling methods, field data collection, analysis of the field PVT data and the analysis of BS&W sample data. A quantitative and qualitative comparison of the BS&W samples were carried out using the Conventional Method and the new method(Auto-Sampling Method). The Auto-Sampler has a mixing device which enhanced better agitation and mixing prior to analyzing the samples for Water- Cut and BS&W determination. The Auto-Sampling Method gave a higher better value of 2% BS&W as against the 0 % obtained from the Manual Conventional Method for the case study samples. The Auto-Sampler gave a more representative results due to better location of the sampling points. However, no matter the urgency at which data are required and the application of safe practices, it is recommended that sampling should not be done in isolation from other objectives of a Well Test because there could be direct conflict in some cases.
Using Material Balance (MBAL) Multi Tank Model to Evaluate Future Well Performance in Reservoirs with Distinct Geological Units
Authors: Mogbolu Emmanuel , Okereke Onyedikachi , Okporiri Cyril , Ukauku Ikwan , Esharegharan Ovokerhoyi , Taiwo Isaac , Sukubo Ibianga 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A quick evaluation of reserves for new opportunities (e.g. perforation extension and other work over types) in reservoirs with distinct geological units and features is possible using a multi tank MBAL option. This saves time while still having results closely matching more detailed simulation models besides reservoir management due to subsurface uncertainties.
In cases where a reservoir is naturally separated into units with the aquifer as the only common communication base or where there are constricting saddles which in production time allows preferential sweeping of the reservoir posits the possibility of separate tanks. Multi-tank MBAL has been used in this scenario to generate a production forecast for a work over opportunity in Reservoirs A, B & C.
This methodology transmits the segregated accumulations of the reservoirs into tank sectors and connects them using transmissibility value to a common aquifer leg in a multidisciplinary approach. Resultant model is history matched and contacts calibrated prior to prediction especially when present contact information exists.
The methodology as opposed to a single tank MBAL model gives better calibration of contact movement and forecast of the future and existing opportunities, thus giving credence to more robust reservoir management plan and resource volume estimation for the work over project.
The MBAL multi tank methodology is a handy improvement tool for brownfield production forecast within the Wells, Reservoir & Facility Management domain especially where no 3D dynamic models exist.
A Rare Theatrical Journal: The Arthurian Theatre Magazine
Authors: Flory Claude 
Published: August 2015

The Arthurian Theatre Magazine is apparently one of the rarest items of early twentieth-century British theater history. Volume I, number 1, appeared in February 1905. Several years ago in collecting material for a projected edition of the plays of Charles Rogers, late Victorian provincial playwright, I obtained a Camden (London) Theatre program carrying a full page advertisement of The Arthurian Theatre Magazine: "bright illustrations, interesting features, attractive articles ... admittedly the. most attractive penny theatrical paper." Even allowing for editorial self-esteem it sounded like something the student of fin de siecle theater ought to examine at least casually.
Hemilaminectomy approach for intradural extramedullary spinal tumors: an analysis of 164 patients
Authors: Turel Mazda Keki , D’Souza Wilson Prashanth , Rajshekhar Vedantam 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
The authors report their experience with the use of a minimally invasive hemilaminectomy approach for the excision of intradural extramedullary (IDEM) tumors of the spinal cord.

METHODS
Included were 164 consecutive patients (167 tumors in total), treated between January 2004 and December 2014, in whom the hemilaminectomy approach for IDEM spinal cord tumors was planned. The clinicoradiological data of patients presenting to Christian Medical College were analyzed retrospectively using a computerized chart-review method. Preoperative MRI localization was used in 51 cases.

RESULTS
The mean age (± SD) of the patients was 42.6 ± 16.6 years, and the mean duration of symptoms was 20.8 ± 27.8 months. The average tumor size was 2.4 ± 1.7 cm. Forty-four tumors were cervical, 5 were cervicothoracic, 72 were thoracic, 7 were thoracolumbar, and 39 were lumbar. Forty-two tumors were ventrally located, whereas 11 were ventrolateral; the rest were either dorsal or dorsolateral. The most common pathologies were schwannoma (110 cases) and meningioma (31 cases). Total excision was achieved for 93% of the tumors. The average duration of surgery was 1.6 ± 0.6 hours.

CONCLUSIONS
The hemilaminectomy approach to the removal of intradural tumors was quick and safe and resulted in minimal morbidity and no mortality. Preoperative MRI localization improved accuracy and reduced operating time by eliminating the need for intraoperative fluoroscopy.
The Detection of Rheumatic Disease through Hospital Diagnoses with Examples of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Giant Cell Arteritis: What Are We Missing?
Authors: John Michet C. , Crowson Cynthia S. , Achenbach Sara J. , Matteson Eric L. 
Published: August 2015

Objective.We examined hospitalizations for patients with known rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or giant cell arteritis (GCA) to evaluate whether hospitalization-related diagnoses accurately identified patients with rheumatologic diseases.Methods.Diagnosis codes for hospitalizations in 1996–2012 among previously identified population-based cohorts of patients with RA or GCA were examined for RA or GCA mentions.Results.RA or GCA mention occurred in only 55% of 2407 hospitalizations among patients with RA and 31% of 502 hospitalizations among patients with GCA. RA or GCA was mentioned more often in recent years, younger patients, and rheumatic medication users.Conclusion.Coding for RA or GCA during hospitalizations was often missed. Research using hospital diagnoses alone could be biased.
Early Mobilization: Changing the Mindset
Authors: Castro Emily , Turcinovic Michael , Platz John , Law Isabel 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND
Staff in the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) had several concerns about mobilizing patients receiving mechanical ventilation.

OBJECTIVE
To assess and improve the mindset of SICU staff toward early mobilization of patients receiving mechanical ventilation before, 6 months after, and 1 year after implementation of early mobilization.

METHODS
The Plan-Do-Study-Act model was used to guide the planning, implementation, evaluation, and interventions to change the mindset and practice of SICU staff in mobilizing patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Interventions to overcome barriers to early mobilization included interdisciplinary collaboration, multimodal education, and operational changes. The mindset of the SICU staff toward early mobilization of patients receiving mechanical ventilation was assessed by using a survey questionnaire distributed 2 weeks before, 6 months after, and 1 year after implementation of early mobilization.

RESULTS
The median score on 6 of 7 survey questions changed significantly from before, to 6 months after, to 1 year after implementation, indicating a change in the mindset of SICU staff toward early mobilization of patients receiving mechanical ventilation. The SICU staff agreed that most patients receiving mechanical ventilation are able to get out of bed safely with coordination among personnel and that early mobilization of intubated patients decreases length of stay and decreases occurrence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis, and skin breakdown.

CONCLUSIONS
SICU interdisciplinary team collaboration, multimodal education, and operational support contribute to removing staff bias against mobilizing patients receiving mechanical ventilation.
Stop the Noise: A Quality Improvement Project to Decrease Electrocardiographic Nuisance Alarms
Authors: Sendelbach Sue , Wahl Sharon , Anthony Anita , Shotts Pam 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUNDAs many as 99% of alarm signals may not need any intervention and can result in patients’ deaths. Alarm management is now a Joint Commission National Patient Safety Goal.OBJECTIVESTo reduce the number of nuisance electrocardiographic alarm signals in adult patients on the medical cardiovascular care unit.METHODSA quality improvement process was used that included eliminating duplicative alarms, customizing alarms, changing electrocardiography electrodes daily, standardizing skin preparation, and using disposable electrocardiography leads.RESULTSIn the cardiovascular care unit, the mean number of electrocardiographic alarm signals per day decreased from 28.5 (baseline) to 3.29, an 88.5% reduction.CONCLUSIONUse of a bundled approach to managing alarm signals decreased the mean number of alarm signals in a cardiovascular care unit. (Critical Care Nurse. 2015;35[4]:15–23)
Cardif (MAVS) Regulates the Maturation of NK Cells
Authors: Haynes LaTeira D. , Verma Shilpi , McDonald Bryan , Wu Runpei , Tacke Robert , Nowyhed Heba N. , Ekstein Jennifer , Feuvrier Ariana , Benedict Chris A. , Hedrick Catherine C. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Cardif, also known as IPS-1, VISA, and MAVS, is an intracellular adaptor protein that functions downstream of the retinoic acid–inducible gene I family of pattern recognition receptors. Cardif is required for the production of type I IFNs and other inflammatory cytokines after retinoic acid–inducible gene I–like receptors recognize intracellular antigenic RNA. Studies have recently shown that Cardif may have other roles in the immune system in addition to its role in viral immunity. In this study, we find that the absence of Cardif alters normal NK cell development and maturation. Cardif−/− mice have a 35% loss of mature CD27−CD11b+ NK cells in the periphery. In addition, Cardif−/− NK cells have altered surface marker expression, lower cytotoxicity, decreased intracellular STAT1 levels, increased apoptosis, and decreased proliferation compared with wild-type NK cells. Mixed chimeric mice revealed that the defective maturation and increased apoptotic rate of peripheral Cardif−/− NK cells is cell intrinsic. However, Cardif−/− mice showed enhanced control of mouse CMV (a DNA β-herpesvirus) by NK cells, commensurate with increased activation and IFN-γ production by these immature NK cell subsets. These results indicate that the skewed differentiation and altered STAT expression of Cardif−/− NK cells can result in their hyperresponsiveness in some settings and support recent findings that Cardif-dependent signaling can regulate aspects of immune cell development and/or function distinct from its well-characterized role in mediating cell-intrinsic defense to RNA viruses.
Exclusive Transduction of Human CD4+ T Cells upon Systemic Delivery of CD4-Targeted Lentiviral Vectors
Authors: Zhou Qi , Uhlig Katharina M. , Muth Anke , Kimpel Janine , Lévy Camille , Münch Robert C. , Seifried Janna , Pfeiffer Anett , Trkola Alexandra , Coulibaly Cheick , von Laer Dorothee , Wels Winfried S. , Hartwig Udo F. , Verhoeyen Els , Buchholz Christian J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Playing a central role in both innate and adaptive immunity, CD4+ T cells are a key target for genetic modifications in basic research and immunotherapy. In this article, we describe novel lentiviral vectors (CD4-LV) that have been rendered selective for human or simian CD4+ cells by surface engineering. When applied to PBMCs, CD4-LV transduced CD4+ but not CD4− cells. Notably, also unstimulated T cells were stably genetically modified. Upon systemic or intrasplenic administration into mice reconstituted with human PBMCs or hematopoietic stem cells, reporter gene expression was predominantly detected in lymphoid organs. Evaluation of GFP expression in organ-derived cells and blood by flow cytometry demonstrated exclusive gene transfer into CD4+ human lymphocytes. In bone marrow and spleen, memory T cells were preferentially hit. Toward therapeutic applications, we also show that CD4-LV can be used for HIV gene therapy, as well as for tumor therapy, by delivering chimeric Ag receptors. The potential for in vivo delivery of the FOXP3 gene was also demonstrated, making CD4-LV a powerful tool for inducible regulatory T cell generation. In summary, our work demonstrates the exclusive gene transfer into a T cell subset upon systemic vector administration opening an avenue toward novel strategies in immunotherapy.
The Image of FDR in the Post–World War II Polish Emigrant Press (1945–1956)
Authors: Lencznarowicz Jan 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The article analyzes how the press of the post-Yalta Polish emigration portrayed President Franklin Delano Roosevelt and his foreign policy. It focuses on the period between 1945 and 1956 and draws on articles, news items, reviews, and documents published in Polish newspapers, which, alongside an organizational structure and personal contacts, played crucial role in the creation and maintenance of the network formed by emigrant communities in their countries of settlement, with the main center in London. The press and other publications helped to shape political awareness and collective identity among Poles who refused to return to their Soviet-dominated homeland as well as reflected their political and ideological attitudes. The evolution of the Roosevelt’s image in the examined press reflects Polish emigrants’ political and ideological values and opinions, as well as their expectations and disappointments over U.S. policy epitomized by Roosevelt. Polish authors pointed to his and his advisers’ ideological and political assumptions, misguided visions, intellectual limitations, and flaws in character as well as ignorance of the Soviet Union and communism, combined with futile hopes of close cooperation with the Soviet leaders in the jointly created and run postwar international order. In Polish eyes, FDR personified a general failure of the United States to rise to the occasion and carry out its mission as the leader of the democratic world threatened by the Soviet challenge.