bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of temperature variability on insect performance and population dynamics in a warming world
Authors: Estay Sergio A. , Lima Mauricio , Bozinovic Francisco 
Published: September 2013

Despite the amount of research on the consequences of global warming on ecological systems, most studies examine the impact of increases in average temperature. However, there are few studies concerning the role of thermal variability on ecological processes. Based on insect thermal and population ecology, we propose a theoretical framework for organizing the study of the role that thermal mean and variability plays in individual performance, and how it may affect population dynamics. Starting with three predictions of global warming scenarios, we develop null models of the expected changes in individual physiological performance and population dynamics. Ecological consequences in each scenario may range from simple changes in performance to drastic changes in population fluctuations and geographic ranges. In particular, our null models show that potential changes in the intrinsic population growth rate (Rm) will depend on the interaction of mean temperature and thermal variability, and that the net effect of the interaction could be synergistic or antagonistic. To evaluate these null models, we fit performance curves to compiled data from the literature on measurements of Rm at several constant and fluctuating temperatures. The fitted models showed that several of the qualitative characteristics predicted by the null model may be found in the fitted curves. We expect that this framework will be useful as a guide to study the influence of thermal changes on the dynamics of natural populations.SynthesisDespite the common assertion that global warming impacts depend on not only the mean temperatures but also on thermal variability, theoretical approaches to explain how the interaction of thermal mean and variability determines fitness are lacking. Here we propose a framework for studying the role of thermal mean and variability on individual performance and population dynamics. We developed null models that show how changes in the intrinsic population growth rate (Rm) will depend on the interaction of mean temperature and thermal variability, and that the net effect could be synergistic or antagonistic. We expect that this framework will be useful to study the influence of thermal changes on natural populations.
Biological and rearing mother influences on child ADHD symptoms: revisiting the developmental interface between nature and nurture
Authors: Harold Gordon T. , Leve Leslie D. , Barrett Douglas , Elam Kit , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , Natsuaki Misaki N. , Shaw Daniel S. , Reiss David , Thapar Anita 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundFamilies of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) report more negative family relationships than families of children without ADHD. Questions remain as to the role of genetic factors underlying associations between family relationships and children's ADHD symptoms, and the role of children's ADHD symptoms as an evocative influence on the quality of relationships experienced within such families. Utilizing the attributes of two genetically sensitive research designs, the present study examined associations between biologically related and nonbiologically related maternal ADHD symptoms, parenting practices, child impulsivity/activation, and child ADHD symptoms. The combined attributes of the study designs permit assessment of associations while controlling for passive genotype‐environment correlation and directly examining evocative genotype‐environment correlation (rGE); two relatively under examined confounds of past research in this area.MethodsA cross‐sectional adoption‐at‐conception design (Cardiff IVF Study; C‐IVF) and a longitudinal adoption‐at‐birth design (Early Growth and Development Study; EGDS) were used. The C‐IVF sample included 160 mothers and children (age 5–8 years). The EGDS sample included 320 linked sets of adopted children (age 6 years), adoptive‐, and biologically related mothers. Questionnaires were used to assess maternal ADHD symptoms, parenting practices, child impulsivity/activation, and child ADHD symptoms. A cross‐rater approach was used across measures of maternal behavior (mother reports) and child ADHD symptoms (father reports).ResultsSignificant associations were revealed between rearing mother ADHD symptoms, hostile parenting behavior, and child ADHD symptoms in both samples. Because both samples consisted of genetically unrelated mothers and children, passive rGE was removed as a possible explanatory factor underlying these associations. Further, path analysis revealed evidence for evocative rGE processes in the longitudinal adoption‐at‐birth study (EGDS) from biologically related maternal ADHD symptoms to biologically unrelated maternal hostile parenting through early disrupted child behavior (impulsivity/activation), with maternal hostile parenting and disrupted child behavior associated with later child ADHD symptoms, controlling for concurrent adoptive mother ADHD symptoms.ConclusionsResults highlight the importance of genetically influenced child ADHD‐related temperamental attributes on genetically unrelated maternal hostility that in turn links to later child ADHD symptoms. Implications for intervention programs focusing on early family processes and the precursors of child ADHD symptoms are discussed.
Approaches for strengthening causal inference regarding prenatal risk factors for childhood behavioural and psychiatric disorders
Authors: Lewis Sarah J. , Relton Caroline , Zammit Stanley , Smith George Davey 
Published: September 2013

BackgroundThe risk of childhood behavioural and psychiatric diseases could be substantially reduced if modifiable risk factors for these disorders were identified. The critical period for many of these exposures is likely to be in utero as this is the time when brain development is most rapid. However, due to confounding and other limitations of traditional epidemiological studies, identification of causal risk factors has proved challenging and on the whole research in this area has not been fruitful.ScopeIn this review, we highlight several alternative approaches including; comparisons across settings, the use of negative controls and natural experiments, which includes migration studies, studies of individuals conceived using in vitro fertilisation and not least Mendelian randomisation. We have illustrated these approaches using examples of behavioural and psychiatric disorders.ConclusionBy having these approaches outlined together in one review, researchers can consider which of these methods would be most suitable for their study question. We have particularly focussed on Mendelian randomisation, as this is a relatively novel concept, in doing so, we have illustrated the concept and discused the implementation and the limitations of this approach.
Palatal Mucosal Measurements in a Japanese Population Using Cone‐Beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Ueno Daisuke , Sekiguchi Rei , Morita Masayuki , Jayawardena Asiri , Shinpo Satoro , Sato Junichi , Kobayashi Kaoru 
Published: September 2013

AbstractStatement of the ProblemAlthough assessment of entire palatal mucosal thickness is important in many dental procedures, available data are mostly limited to the lateral aspect of the palate.Purpose of the StudyThe objective of this study was to use cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) to perform a comprehensive analysis of the palatal mucosal thickness from the gingival margin to the mid‐palatine suture in a Japanese population. Associations of palatal mucosal thickness with the palatal vault depth were also examined.Methods/MaterialsMeasurements on the coronal plane were obtained from 44 adults with 3‐mm interval in the canine (Ca), first premolar (P1), second premolar (P2), midpoint between first and second molars (M1d), first molar (M1), and second molar (M2). Furthermore, the location of greater palatine foramen (GPF) and palatine groove (PG) were also investigated.ResultsCanine region did not show a significant difference throughout measured points. P1, P2, and all molar regions were thickest at 9, 12, and 12 mm from the gingival margin, respectively. At 3 and 6 mm, Ca, P1, and P2 showed significantly greater thickness than the molar region. At 9 mm, P1 demonstrated a greater thickness than M1d, and P2 was greater than M1 and Mi. At 12 and 15 mm, P1 was thinner than P2, M1, and M2, whereas P2 was thinner than M2. M1 was thinner than M2. The high‐vault group showed a significantly greater thickness than the low‐vault group. In majority of subjects, GPF and PG were identified in second molar and first premolar to first molar, respectively.ConclusionPalatal mucosa in a Japanese population was the thickest in canine to premolar regions at 9 to 12 mm from the gingival margin. Identification of GPF and PG using CBCT can assist diagnosis of palate seems to minimize surgical complications.Clinical SignificanceThis study evaluated the thickness of palatal mucosa in a Japanese population using cone‐beam computed tomography, covering a wide range. Canine to second premolar regions are the most suitable in harvesting palatal mucosa for the purpose of soft tissue grafts.
Variations in Postoperative Complications According to Race, Ethnicity, and Sex in Older Adults
Authors: Brooks Carthon J. Margo , Jarrín Olga , Sloane Douglas , Kutney‐Lee Ann 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesTo explore differences in the incidence of postoperative complications between three racial and ethnic groups (white, black, Hispanic) before and after taking into account potentially confounding patient and hospital characteristics.DesignCross‐sectional study using 2006 to 2007 administrative discharge data from hospitals in four states (CA, PA, NJ, FL) linked to American Hospital Association Annual Survey data and data from the U.S. Census. Risk‐adjusted logistic regression models were used in the analyses.SettingSix hundred U.S. adult nonfederal acute care hospitals.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 65 and older undergoing general, orthopedic, or vascular surgery (N = 587,314; 86% white, 6% black, 8% Hispanic).MeasurementsThirteen frequent postoperative complications.ResultsWhen considered without controls, black patients had significantly greater odds than white patients of developing 12 of the 13 complications, by factors (ORs) ranging from 1.09 to 2.69. Hispanic patients had significantly greater odds than white patients in nine of the 13 complications (ORs = 1.11–1.82) and significantly lower odds than white patients on two of the other four (ORs both = 0.84). The fully adjusted models that accounted for hospital and especially patient characteristics substantially diminished the number of complications for which black and Hispanic patients had significantly greater odds than white patients. Many of the significant differences between black, Hispanic, and white patients that persisted after controls were different for men and women.ConclusionOlder black and Hispanic individuals have greater odds than white individuals of developing a vast majority of postoperative complications. Procedure type and health status largely explained differences in postoperative complication risk, which are frequently conditional on sex.
Interruptions in clinical nursing practice
Authors: Sørensen Erik E , Brahe Liselotte 
Published: September 2013

Aims and objectivesTo report a descriptive study of interruptions in hospital nurses' work and discuss their consequences for nursing work.BackgroundInterruptions negatively affect procedures, work flow and patient safety. They disturb the emotional atmosphere, reflective processes and the interaction with patients. The constant rearranging of priorities forced by interruptions are a source of frustration to nurses and may lead to a feeling of being pressed for time that results in reduced job satisfaction and stress‐related symptoms.DesignAn ethnographic study.MethodsObservation of five nurse's work over three weeks in January 2007 and qualitative interviewing of two nurses.ResultsNurses were interrupted primarily by brief question–answer exchanges between nurse colleagues. Grouped by task, interruptions during medicine preparation in the ward's drug storage room were the most frequent, while the patients were responsible for fewer interruptions than was any other group. Nurses regarded some interruptions as unavoidable, others as avoidable, while the perception of other professional groups as the primary instigators of interruptions was not corroborated.ConclusionsInterruptions confront nurses with a dilemma between being accessible to others and remaining focused in order to ‘see the big picture’. Nurses' professional ‘groundedness’ seems to determine their ability to retain a state of equilibrium in a field of unnecessary interruptions and to prevent interruptions from occurring.Relevance to clinical practiceThe study contributes new knowledge to the discussion of issues concerning organisation, management, training and clinical work, including nurse's ability to ‘see the big picture’. It further seeks to clarify conditions for nursing that take into account professional standards and values as well as mutual understanding between colleagues.
Sexuality is not a priority when disease and treatment side effects are severe: conceptions of patients with malignant blood diseases
Authors: Olsson Cecilia , Athlin Elsy , Sandin‐Bojö Ann‐Kristin , Larsson Maria 
Published: September 2013

Aims and objectivesTo describe how patients with malignant blood diseases conceive the influence of chemo‐ or chemoimmunotherapy on sexuality, and their need of support related to this issue.BackgroundSexuality is often negatively affected in cancer patients with sex‐specific diagnoses. For patients with malignant blood diseases, the research is limited with regard to the effect on sexuality. Knowledge about their need for support related to sexuality is also needed as nurses are found to often avoid this area of their responsibility.DesignQualitative design.MethodsTwelve patients treated for malignant blood diseases were interviewed twice. Phenomenography was used for the analysis.ResultsThe analyses revealed an outcome space consisting of two main categories: ‘Sexuality is overshadowed by the cancer experience’ and ‘No need of support but timely information might be helpful’, both comprehensively related to three interrelated description categories ‘Affected strength’, ‘Affected sexual desire’ and ‘Affected body image’, which describe conceptions of how sexuality was affected.ConclusionPatients experienced negative effects on sexual function and sexual relationship during and after treatment period due to affected strength, sexual desire and negatively body image. However, when disease and side effects were experienced as severe, thoughts and interest of sexuality were overshadowed, and the need or wish for support related to this issue was very low. It is important to note that some patients expressed that pre‐ or post‐treatment information might have been helpful.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is acknowledged in the cancer care of today that cancer follow‐up should address psychosocial support in which sexuality is an important area. Therefore, it is imperative that cancer care is organised in a patient centred way, with adequate time for nurses to provide continuity in the nurse–patient relation and supportive care also during cancer rehabilitation.
Comparison of reproductive outcome, including the pattern of loss, between couples with chromosomal abnormalities and those with unexplained repeated miscarriages
Authors: Flynn Helen , Yan Junhao , Saravelos Sotirios H. , Li Tin‐Chiu 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimChromosomal abnormalities are an important cause of repeated miscarriage. Several studies have discussed the association between chromosomal abnormalities and repeated miscarriage. This study attempts to describe the pattern of miscarriage in this group of women and the eventual pregnancy outcome of couples with chromosomal abnormalities compared with couples with unexplained repeated pregnancy loss.Material and MethodsThis was a retrospective study involving 795 couples with repeated miscarriages.ResultsOut of 795 couples, 28 (3.52%) were found to have a chromosomal abnormality (carrier group). Over half (65.5%) of the chromosomal abnormalities were balanced reciprocal translocations. After referral, this carrier group had a total of 159 pregnancies, leading to 36 live births (22.6%) among 18 couples. The after referral miscarriage rate in the chromosomal anomaly group (55.6%) was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than that in the unexplained recurrent miscarriage group (28.1%). In couples with chromosomal anomaly, the miscarriages were more likely to occur between 6 and 12 weeks' gestation.ConclusionsThe encouraging cumulative live birth rate of 64.3% for couples with chromosomal anomaly and repeated miscarriage suggests that further attempts at natural conception are a viable option.
Clinical peptidomic analysis by a one‐step direct transfer technology: Its potential utility for monitoring of pathophysiological status in female reproductive system disorders
Authors: Araki Yoshihiko , Nonaka Daisuke , Hamamura Kensuke , Yanagida Mitsuaki , Ishikawa Hitoshi , Banzai Michio , Maruyama Mayuko , Endo Shuichiro , Tajima Atsushi , Lee Lyang‐Ja , Nojima Michio , Takamori Kenji , Yoshida Koyo , Takeda Satoru , Tanaka Kenji 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTo date, numerous studies have searched for candidate molecules or clinical examination methods as potential biomarkers for monitoring intractable diseases, such as carcinomas. Evidence accumulated over the past decade shows that many proteolytic peptides appear in human humoral fluids, including peripheral blood, in association with an individual's health condition. Although an analysis of the whole peptide (the ‘peptidome’) using mass spectrometry is thought to be one of the most powerful and promising experimental approaches, it has failed to identify biomarkers in the clinical blood samples, presumably due to the methodological limitations. In general, commonly used techniques for proteomic analysis of blood require the removal of large amounts of serum/plasma proteins prior to mass spectrometry analysis, and this step seems to have resulted in the overlooking of important biomarkers during the analytical process. Here, we provide a brief overview of a new quantitative peptidomic analysis by a one‐step direct transfer technology without depletion of major blood proteins. Using this technology, we herein report experimental data on serum peptidomic analysis for patients with pregnancy‐induced hypertension as a clinical model. In addition, we refer to the potential utility of this approach for the monitoring of pathophysiological status in female reproductive system disorders in general.
The Chicken‐Wing Morphology: An Anatomical Challenge for Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion
Authors: FREIXA XAVIER , TZIKAS APOSTOLOS , BASMADJIAN ARSÈNE , GARCEAU PATRICK , IBRAHIM RÈDA 
Published: September 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the particular assessment and closure strategy that was followed in patients with left atrial appendages (LAA) with an early and severe bend.BackgroundThe presence of a chicken‐wing morphology with an early and severe bend constitutes one of the most difficult anatomical settings for transcatheter LAA occlusion.MethodsBetween November 2009 and December 2012, patients who presented chicken‐wing LAA with an early (<20 mm from the ostium) and severe bend (<180°) were identified and included in the analysis. A particular implanting strategy consisting of deploying the distal lobe of the device inside the chicken‐wing bend was used in all cases.ResultsAmong 42 patients who underwent LAA occlusion during the study period, 5 (12%) presented the pre‐specified anatomy. Following the mentioned implanting strategy, all patients underwent successful LAA occlusion using the Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (n = 2) and the Amplatzer Amulet (n = 3). Successful occlusion was achieved in all patients. None of them presented any procedural complication. Follow‐up transesophageal echocardiography at 3 months showed successful LAA sealing in all patients and no device embolization or thrombosis.ConclusionsAccording to our results, the pre‐specified closing implantation technique for chicken‐wing LAAs with an early and severe bend might be a valid strategy for this challenging anatomical setting. Further cases will be necessary to confirm the results. (J Interven Cardiol 2013;26:509‐514)
Some may beg to differ: individual beliefs and group political claims
Authors: Lipscomb Martin 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWhile nurses can and do behave as intentional political agents, claims that nurses collectively do (empiric), should (normative) or must (regulatory) act to advance political objectives lack credibility. This paper challenges the coherence and legitimacy of political demands placed upon nurses. It is not suggested that nurses ought not to contribute to political discourse and activity. That would be foolish. However, the idea that nursing can own or exhibit a general political will is discarded. It is suggested that to protect and advance political discussion, to aid explanatory adequacy and clarity, the form in which nursing associates itself with political claims merits critical appraisal. Thus significant numbers of nurses probably reject or disagree with many of the political claims that attach to them – claims often made on their behalf. More specifically, the individual beliefs and goals of nurses can be in conflict with the political pronouncements of nursing scholars and organizations (group agents). It is proposed that nurses need not share substantive normative beliefs/goals and, if this proposal holds, group descriptors such as ‘nurses’ and ‘nursing’ cannot meaningfully or easily attach to political claims. Shared value theory is linked to the fallacy of composition and the concept of collective ascription error is introduced to explore the implausibility of using group descriptors such as ‘nurses’ and ‘nursing’ to refer to the beliefs/goals ofallnurses.
Identification of resistance to rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe diffusa) in Portuguese common bean germplasm
Authors: Leitão Susana T. , Almeida Nuno F. , Moral Ana , Rubiales Diego , Vaz Patto Maria Carlota 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPortugal has a diverse common bean germplasm, which is still grown in farmers' fields. In this work, we searched for resistance to rust (Uromyces appendiculatus) and powdery mildew (Erysiphe diffusa) in a representative collection of the Portuguese common bean germplasm. Despite many accessions depicting intermediate levels of resistance when compared to the susceptible check, 24 and 13 accessions showed low levels of infection, in spite of a compatible interaction (disease severity (DS) values lower than 5% and infection type (IT) of 4), to rust and powdery mildew, respectively, indicative of partial resistance. Moreover, a resistant reaction was observed in 11 accessions when inoculated with powdery mildew (IT = 0–1) and in additional 11 accessions (one in common) when inoculated with rust (IT = 0–2). The levels of resistance found in this report anticipate great potential of the Portuguese national germplasm, recently reported as genetically closer to the Andean common bean gene pool, for disease resistance breeding of this important crop.