bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical and tribological behavior of polytetrafluoroethylene composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes and poly-p-oxybenzoate
Authors: Cheng Haizheng , Cheng Xianhua 
Published: February 2013

Effects of microscale poly- p-oxybenzoate (trade name Ekonol), nanoscale carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and multiscale fillers on the mechanical, creep and tribological properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are studied. Results reveal that the multiscale PTFE composite with 20 wt% Ekonol and 1 wt% CNTs has the highest tensile strength and modulus as well as relatively modest elongation at break compared to pure PTFE, micro and nanoscale PTFE composites. In addition, the combination of Ekonol and CNT fillers leads to a significant improvement in creep resistance of PTFE composites. Scanning electron microscopic observation of tensile fracture surfaces indicates that for multiscale composite, the surfaces of Ekonol particles are wrapped by individual CNTs and the bridge of CNTs between Ekonol particles is formed. Also, the combination of Ekonol and CNT fillers slightly increases the friction coefficient of multiscale composite but greatly decreases the wear rate by approximately four orders of magnitude compared with pure PTFE. Scanning electron microscopic observation of the worn surfaces shows that the wear surface of the multiscale composite is very smooth. Therefore, the wear resistance significantly improved. The synergetic role of multiscale fillers is expected to open up new opportunities to formulate high-performance PTFE composites.
Comment: pregnancy in the early career psychiatrist
Authors: Bernardi Elsa 
Published: February 2013

Objective: The aim of this paper is to provide an opinion on the issues surrounding the pregnant psychiatric trainee, from the perspective of a senior female colleague who has integrated professional life with motherhood. Method: The basis for this opinion piece is the article by a psychiatric trainee who describes her response to pregnancy and this is supplemented by some additional articles from psychiatrists on the theme of early career pregnancy. Results: A combination of published literature and personal experience were used to form an opinion on pregnancy and the early career psychiatrist. Conclusion: Pregnancy while training provides challenges to the trainee, the employer and the training networks but it provides benefits to both the individual and patients, and the role of a supervisor is to facilitate this.
Effects of sitagliptin beyond glycemic control: focus on quality of life
Authors: Sakamoto Yoshiko , Oyama Jun-ichi , Ikeda Hideo , Kuroki Shigetaka , Gondo Shigeki , Iwamoto Taketo , Uchida Yasufumi , Kodama Kazuhisa , Hiwatashi Atsushi , Shimomura Mitsuhiro , Taguchi Isao , Inoue Teruo , Node Koichi ,   S-DOG [Saga Challenge Anti-Diabetes Observational Study for Sitagliptin (S-DOG)] investigators
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Recently, incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, have been found to regulate glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to elucidate the efficacy and safety of the clinical usage of DPP-4 inhibitors in Japan.

Methods
This study was designed as a prospective, open-label, multi-center trial. Patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) with poor glycemic profiles (HbA1c ≥ 6.2%) in spite of receiving a medical diet, therapeutic exercise, and/or medications were eligible for this study. The participants received 50 to 100 mg of the DPP-4 inhibitor sitagliptin once daily for 12 months.

Results
One hundred and eighty-eight subjects were enrolled. After 12 months of sitagliptin treatment, HbA1c levels decreased (7.65% ± 1.32% to 7.05% ± 1.10%, p < 0.001) as well as fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (145 ± 52 mg/dl to 129 ± 43 mg/dl, p = 0.005). The rate of glycemic control achieved (in accordance with the guidelines of the Japanese Diabetes Society) significantly increased. Blood pressure and serum levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol decreased significantly. Furthermore, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Diabetes Symptomatic Scores improved significantly. Adverse events such as hypoglycemia and loss of consciousness occurred in twenty three subjects (11%).

Conclusions
These results suggest that the actions of DPP-4 inhibitors improve not only glycemic control, but also blood pressure, lipid profiles, and quality of life (QOL). Sitagliptin is a sound agent for use in the comprehensive treatment of patients with T2DM.
Persistent foci of falciparum malaria among tribes over two decades in Koraput district of Odisha State, India
Authors: Sahu Sudhansu Sekhar , Gunasekaran Kasinathan , Vanamail Perumal , Jambulingam Purusothaman 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Koraput, a predominantly tribe-inhabited and one of the highly endemic districts of Odisha State that contributes a substantial number of malaria cases to the India’s total. Control of malaria in such districts would contribute to change the national scenario on malaria situation. Hence, a study was carried out to measure the magnitude of malaria prevalence in the district to strengthen the malaria control activities.

Methods
Prevalence of malaria was assessed through a sample blood survey (SBS) in seven randomly selected community health centres (CHCs). Individuals of all age groups in the villages selected (one in each subcentre) were screened for malaria infection. Both thick and thin smears were prepared from blood samples collected by finger prick, stained and examined for malaria parasites searching 100 fields in each smear. The results of a blood survey (n = 10,733) carried out, as a part of another study, during 1986–87 covering a population of 17,722 spread in 37 villages of Koraput district were compared with the current survey results. Software SPSS version 16.0 was used for data analysis.

Result
During the current study, blood survey was done in 135 villages screening 12,045 individuals (16.1% of the total population) and among them, 1,983 (16.5%) were found positive for malaria parasites. Plasmodium falciparum was the major malaria parasite species accounted for 89.1% (1,767) of the total positives; Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium malariae accounted for 9.3% (184) and 0.2% (5), respectively. Gametocytes were found in 7.7% (n = 152) of the positive cases. The majority of parasite carriers (78.9%) were afebrile. The 1986–87 blood survey showed that of 10,733 people screened, 833 (7.8%) were positive for malaria parasites, 714 (85.7%) with P. falciparum, 86 (10.3%) with P. vivax, 12 (1.4%) with P. malariae and 21 (2.5%) with mixed infections.

Conclusion
The results of the current study indicated a rising trend in transmission of malaria in Koraput district compared to the situation during 1986–87 and indicated the necessity for a focused and reinforced approach for the control of the disease by improving people’s access to diagnosis and treatment and ensuring implementation of the intervention measures with adequate coverage and compliance.
DNA damage enhances integration of HIV-1 into macrophages by overcoming integrase inhibition
Authors: Koyama Takayoshi , Sun Binlian , Tokunaga Kenzo , Tatsumi Masashi , Ishizaka Yukihito 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
The prevention of persistent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection requires the clarification of the mode of viral transduction into resting macrophages. Recently, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were shown to enhance infection by D64A virus, which has a defective integrase catalytic activity (IN-CA). However, the mechanism by which DSBs upregulate viral transduction was unclear. Here we analyzed the roles of DSBs during IN-CA–independent viral transduction into macrophages.

Results
We used cellular systems with rare-cutting endonucleases and found that D64A virus integrated efficiently into the sites of artificially induced DSBs. This IN-CA-independent viral transduction was blocked by an inhibitor of ataxia telangiectasia mutated protein (ATM) but was resistant to raltegravir (RAL), an inhibitor of integrase activity during strand transfer. Moreover, Vpr, an accessory gene product of HIV-1, induced DSBs in resting macrophages and significantly enhanced the rate of IN-CA-independent viral transduction into macrophages with concomitant production of secondary viruses.

Conclusion
DSBs contribute to the IN-CA–independent viral infection of macrophages, which is resistant to RAL. Thus, the ATM-dependent cellular pathway and Vpr-induced DNA damage are novel targets for preventing persistent HIV-1 infection.
Effects of Sleeve Gastrectomy Versus Gastric Bypass on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Remission in Obese Patients
Authors: Moanţă Mihaela Lavinia , Moţa Maria , Copăescu Cătălin , Dumitrache Constantin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectives: To determine and compare the efficacy of two weight-reducing surgicalinterventions, gastric bypass (GBP) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), in inducingremission/improvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and Methods:Data were collected from 162 obese T2DM subjects who underwent SG (96) or GBP(66) between 2009 and 2011. The following parameters were recorded: body massindex, waist-hip-ratio, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile,hypoglycemic drugs used. Results: Remission of T2DM was achieved in 83% ofpatients who underwent SG and in 81% of patients who underwent GBP. For bothprocedures, T2DM remission rate was higher for patients with a shorter duration ofT2DM, with better preoperative glycemic control and for those not requiringpharmacological agents before surgery. Conclusions: SG and GBP are effective ininducing T2DM remission in obese patients. The clinical features of T2DM areimportant predictors for the remission of the disease after bariatric surgery.
Nascent Endothelium Initiates Th2 Polarization of Asthma
Authors: Asosingh Kewal , Cheng Georgiana , Xu Weiling , Savasky Benjamin M. , Aronica Mark A. , Li Xiaoxia , Erzurum Serpil C. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Asthma airway remodeling is linked to Th2 inflammation. Angiogenesis is a consistent feature of airway remodeling, but its contribution to pathophysiology remains unclear. We hypothesized that nascent endothelial cells in newly forming vessels are sufficient to initiate Th2-inflammation. Vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin is a constitutively expressed endothelial cell adhesion molecule that is exposed in its monomer form on endothelial tip cells prior to adherens junction formation. Abs targeted to VE-cadherin monomers inhibit angiogenesis by blocking this adherens junction formation. In this study, VE-cadherin monomer Ab reduced angiogenesis in the lungs of the allergen-induced murine asthma model. Strikingly, Th2 responses including, IgE production, eosinophil infiltration of the airway, subepithelial fibrosis, mucus metaplasia, and airway-hyperreactivity were also attenuated by VE-cadherin blockade, via mechanisms that blunted endothelial IL-25 and proangiogenic progenitor cell thymic stromal lymphopoietin production. The results identify angiogenic responses in the origins of atopic inflammation.
Blocking Properdin, the Alternative Pathway, and Anaphylatoxin Receptors Ameliorates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Decay-Accelerating Factor and CD59 Double-Knockout Mice
Authors: Miwa Takashi , Sato Sayaka , Gullipalli Damodar , Nangaku Masaomi , Song Wen-Chao 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Complement is implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). The activation pathway(s) and effector(s) of complement in IRI may be organ specific and remain to be fully characterized. We previously developed a renal IRI model in decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and CD59 double-knockout (DAF−/−CD59−/−) mice. In this study, we used this model to dissect the pathway(s) by which complement is activated in renal IRI and to evaluate whether C3aR- or C5aR-mediated inflammation or the membrane attack complex was pathogenic. We crossed DAF−/−CD59−/− mice with mice deficient in various complement components or receptors including C3, C4, factor B (fB), factor properdin (fP), mannose-binding lectin, C3aR, C5aR, or Ig and assessed renal IRI in the resulting mutant strains. We found that deletion of C3, fB, fP, C3aR, or C5aR significantly ameliorated renal IRI in DAF−/−CD59−/− mice, whereas deficiency of C4, Ig, or mannose-binding lectin had no effect. Treatment of DAF−/−CD59−/− mice with an anti-C5 mAb reduced renal IRI to a greater degree than did C5aR deficiency. We also generated and tested a function-blocking anti-mouse fP mAb and showed it to ameliorate renal IRI when given to DAF−/−CD59−/− mice 24 h before, but not 4 or 8 h after, ischemia/reperfusion. These results suggest that complement is activated via the alternative pathway during the early phase of reperfusion, and both anaphylatoxin-mediated inflammation and the membrane attack complex contribute to tissue injury. Further, they demonstrate a critical role for properdin and support its therapeutic targeting in renal IRI.
Iconología y cine. Construcción fílmica de María Magdalena en la película Rey de reyes de Cecil B. DeMille
Authors: Monzón Pertejo Elena 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT: Several methodologies have been used for the study of film. This article seeks to introduce a methodology that, in spite of a long tradition of critical approaches, has been little explored in this area: that of iconology. The elements of iconological tradition will serve as tools to approach the construction of Mary Magdalene’s character in the film directed by Cecil B. DeMille in 1927: King of Kings. I first justify the possibility of applying iconology to cinematographic media and especially to religious films. I next demonstrate the analysis scheme and the analysis results. In addition, I emphasize the different phases of continuity and variation in Mary Magdalene’s character. KEY WORDS: Iconology, Cinema, Mary Magdalene, Continuity and Variation, Cecil B. DeMille, King of Kings. RESUMEN: Para el estudio del cine son diversas las metodologías que se han utilizado. En el presente artículo se busca introducir una metodología que, aun contando con una larga tradición de estudios, ha sido poco explorada en este ámbito: la iconología. Los elementos propios de la tradición iconológica servirán de herramientas a la hora de realizar la aproximación a la construcción del personaje de María Magdalena en la película dirigida por Cecil B. DeMille en 1927: Rey de reyes (King of Kings). En primer lugar, se justificará, brevemente, el porqué de la posibilidad de aplicar la iconología al medio cinematográfico en general y al cine religioso en particular; seguidamente, se mostrará el esquema de análisis planteado para luego presentar sintéticamente los resultados de dicho análisis. Junto a ello, se hará especial hincapié en las distintas fases de continuidad y variación del personaje de María Magdalena en la obra analizada. PALABRAS CLAVES: Iconología, Cine, María Magdalena, Continuidad y variación, Cecil B. DeMille, Rey de reyes.
Cesare Ripa y la portada de la iglesia de Pájara, en Fuerteventura
Authors: Galante Gómez Francisco José 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT: Iconology, the important book of allegories and attributes compiled by Cesare Ripa in 1593, was a major source for understanding the symbolic art of the culture of the period. Its application affected the visual practice of arts and architecture. In Pájara (Fuerteventura. Canary Islands), there is a temple whose main façade draws on symbols that seem to be influenced by Ripa's work: elements of Nature and zoomorphic, animistic and material representations with a decided spiritual and cosmogonic charge. In the context of Baroque culture, the symbols recorded on the façade proclaim the triumph of the Reformed Church. KEY WORDS: Seventeenth Century Architecture. Iconography. Iconology. Symbolic Art. Cesare Ripa. Counter-reformation. Canarian Architecture. Canary Islands. Fuerteventura. Pájara. RESUMEN: Iconología, el importante texto de alegorías y atributos compilado por Cesare Ripa en 1593, constituyó una fuente principal para la comprensión del arte simbólico de la cultura de la época. Su aplicación afectó al ejercicio de las artes plásticas y de la arquitectura. En Pájara (Isla de Fuerteventura. Canarias), existe un templo cuya portada principal se nutre de símbolos que parecen tener relación con el referido texto: elementos de la Naturaleza y representaciones zoomorfas, animistas y materiales con una fuerte carga espiritual y cosmogónica. En el marco de la cultura del Barroco, los registros de la portada proclaman el triunfo de la Iglesia reformista. PALABRAS CLAVES: Arquitectura siglo XVII. Iconografía. Iconología. Arte simbólico. Cesare Ripa. Contrarreforma. Arquitectura Canaria. Islas Canarias. Fuerteventura. Pájara.
José Julio García Arranz: Symbola et emblemata avium. Las aves en los libros de emblemas y empresas de los siglos XVI y XVII
Authors: Campa Pedro F. 
Published: February 2013

Recensión crítica del liibro de José Julio García Arranz: Symbola et emblemata avium. Las aves en los libros de emblemas y empresas de los siglos XVI y XVII, SIELAE y Sociedad de Cultura Valle Inclán, A Coruña, 2010.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 1,2,3‐Triazolonucleotides
Authors: Głowacka Iwona E. , Balzarini Jan , Wróblewski Andrzej E. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractA general procedure for the preparation of 1,2,3‐triazole analogs of nucleosides from diethyl 2‐azidoethoxymethyl‐ and 2‐azidoethoxyethylphosphonates was elaborated. The application of microwave irradiation shortened the reaction time to 10 min in comparison to ca. 48 h when 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions were performed under standard conditions. All compounds were evaluated in vitro for inhibitory activity against a broad variety of DNA and RNA viruses. None of the compounds were antivirally active at subtoxic concentrations. Compound 17k exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human T‐lymphocyte cells (IC50 = 64 µM for CEM).
Reagent Control of [1,2]‐Wagner–Meerwein Shift Chemoselectivity Following the Nazarov Cyclization: Application to the Total Synthesis of Enokipodin B
Authors: Lebœuf David , Wright Christopher M. , Frontier Alison J. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn approach toward the carbon framework of various sesquiterpenes from the herbertane and cuparane families is described, including the concise total synthesis of enokipodin B. The key step is the construction of the vicinal quarternary centers of the skeleton through a tandem Nazarov cyclization/Wagner–Meerwein rearrangement mediated by a copper(II) complex. During this study, it was also found that changing the ligand architecture on the copper(II) promoter improved the chemoselectivity of the cationic rearrangement.
The Entrapment of Chiral Guests with Gated Baskets: Can a Kinetic Discrimination of Enantiomers Be Governed through Gating?
Authors: Wang Bao‐Yu , Stojanović Sandra , Turner Daniel A. , Young Tanya L. , Hadad Christopher M. , Badjić Jovica D. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe capacity of gated hosts for controlling a kinetic discrimination between stereoisomers is yet to be understood. To conduct corresponding studies, however, one needs to develop chiral, but modular and gated hosts. Accordingly, we used computational (RI‐BP86/TZVP//RI‐BP86/SV(P)) and experimental (NMR/CD/UV/Vis spectroscopy) methods to examine the transfer of chirality in gated baskets. We found that placing stereocenters of the same kind at the rim (R1=CH3, so‐called bottom) and/or top amide positions (R2=sec‐butyl) would direct the helical arrangement of the gates into aPorMpropeller‐like orientation. With the assistance of1H NMR spectroscopy, we quantified the intrinsic (thermodynamic) and constrictive (kinetic) binding affinities of (R)‐ and (S)‐1,2‐dibromopropane5toward baskets (S3b/P)‐2, (S3t/M)‐3, and (S3bt/P)‐4. Interestingly, each basket has a low (magnified image≤1.3 kcal mol−1), but comparable (de<10 %) affinity for entrapping enantiomeric (R/S)‐5. In terms of the kinetics, basket (S3b/P)‐2, with a set ofSstereocenters at the bottom andParrangement of the gates, would capture (R)‐5at a faster rate (kinR/kinS=2.0±0.2). Basket (S3t/M)‐3, with a set ofScenters at the top andMarrangement of the gates, however, trapped (S)‐5at a faster rate (kinR/kinS=0.30±0.05). In light of these findings, basket (S3bt/P)‐4, with a set ofSstereocenters installed at both top and bottom sites along with aPdisposition of the gates, was found to have a lower ability to differentiate between enantiomeric (R/S)‐5(kinR/kinS=0.8). Evidently, the two sets of stereocenters in this “hybrid” host acted concurrently, each with the opposite effect on the entrapment kinetics. Gated baskets are hereby established to be a prototype for quantifying the kinetic discrimination of enantiomers through gating and elucidating the electronic/steric effects on the process.
UV/Vis Spectra of Subporphyrazines and Subphthalocyanines with Aluminum and Gallium: A Time‐Dependent DFT Study
Authors: Montero‐Campillo M. Merced , Lamsabhi Al Mokhtar , Mó Otilia , Yáñez Manuel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe UV/Vis spectra of selected substituted subporphyrazines (SubPz) and subphthalocyanines (SubPc) with aluminum and gallium as central atoms are analyzed through time‐dependent DFT calculations in chloroform. The results are compared with previous results with boron as the central atom to analyze the photochemical properties of these two families of compounds on varying the metal along the same group. The absorptions of SubPz (Al, Ga) are redshifted or blueshifted with respect to SubPz (B) depending on the nature of the R substituents of the molecule, whereas the absorptions of SubPc (Al, Ga) structures are redshifted and with smaller energy gaps with respect to SubPc (B) for all kinds of R substituents. Looking at their absorption spectra, these systems with aluminum and gallium may also have, as in the case of boron, promising photochemical properties.
THE EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD ADHD ON ADULT LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES
Authors: Fletcher Jason M. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough several types of mental illness, including substance abuse disorders, have been linked with poor labor market outcomes, no current research has been able to examine the effects of childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Because ADHD has become one of the most prevalent childhood mental conditions, it is useful to understand the full set of consequences of the illness. This article uses a longitudinal national sample, including sibling pairs, to show the important labor market outcome consequences of ADHD. The employment reduction is between 10 and 14 percentage points, the earnings reduction is approximately 33%, and the increase in social assistance is 15 points, figures that are larger than many estimates of the Black people/White people earnings gap and the gender earnings gap. A small share of the link is explained by educational attainments and co‐morbid health conditions and behaviors. The results also show important differences in labor market consequences by family background and age of onset. These findings, along with similar research showing that ADHD is linked with poor education outcomes and adult crime, suggest the importance of treating childhood ADHD to foster human capital. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.