bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal conductivity reduction of crystalline silicon by high-pressure torsion
Authors: Harish Sivasankaran , Tabara Mitsuru , Ikoma Yoshifumi , Horita Zenji , Takata Yasuyuki , Cahill David G , Kohno Masamichi 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We report a dramatic and irreversible reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity of bulk crystalline silicon when subjected to intense plastic strain under a pressure of 24 GPa using high-pressure torsion (HPT). Thermal conductivity of the HPT-processed samples were measured using picosecond time domain thermoreflectance. Thermal conductivity measurements show that the HPT-processed samples have a lattice thermal conductivity reduction by a factor of approximately 20 (from intrinsic single crystalline value of 142 Wm−1 K−1 to approximately 7.6 Wm−1 K−1). Thermal conductivity reduction in HPT-processed silicon is attributed to the formation of nanograin boundaries and metastable Si-III/XII phases which act as phonon scattering sites, and because of a large density of lattice defects introduced by HPT processing. Annealing the samples at 873 K increases the thermal conductivity due to the reduction in the density of secondary phases and lattice defects.
Correlates of foot pain severity in adults with hallux valgus: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hurn Sheree E , Vicenzino Bill T , Smith Michelle D 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundHallux valgus (HV) is highly prevalent and associated with progressive first metatarsophalangeal joint subluxation and osteoarthritis. The link between structural HV deformity and foot pain is unclear. This study investigated possible explanatory factors surrounding foot pain in HV, including radiographic HV angle and signs of joint degeneration.MethodsParticipants were 60 adults (53 female) with HV aged 20 to 75 years. Participant demographics and a range of radiographic, clinical and functional measures were considered potential correlates of foot pain. Self‐reported foot pain (visual analogue scales and a dichotomous definition) was considered the dependent variable. Multivariate modelling was used to determine which characteristics and measures explained pain, with univariate analyses first used to screen potential variables.ResultsApproximately 20 to 30% of the variance in foot pain associated with HV could be explained by patient characteristics such as poorer general health status, lower educational attainment and increased occupational physical activity levels, in combination with some dynamic physical characteristics such as hallux plantarflexion weakness and reduced force‐time integral under the second metatarsal during gait. Neither increasing lateral deviation of the hallux (HV angle) nor presence of first metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis was associated with foot pain.ConclusionsThis study shows that passive structural factors, including HV angle, do not appear to be significant correlates of foot pain intensity in HV. Our data demonstrate the importance of considering patient characteristics such as general health and physical activity levels when assessing foot pain associated with HV.
Proteochemometric modeling in a Bayesian framework
Authors: Cortes-Ciriano Isidro , van Westen Gerard JP , Lenselink Eelke Bart , Murrell Daniel S , Bender Andreas , Malliavin Thérèse 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Proteochemometrics (PCM) is an approach for bioactivity predictive modeling which models the relationship between protein and chemical information. Gaussian Processes (GP), based on Bayesian inference, provide the most objective estimation of the uncertainty of the predictions, thus permitting the evaluation of the applicability domain (AD) of the model. Furthermore, the experimental error on bioactivity measurements can be used as input for this probabilistic model.
In this study, we apply GP implemented with a panel of kernels on three various (and multispecies) PCM datasets. The first dataset consisted of information from 8 human and rat adenosine receptors with 10,999 small molecule ligands and their binding affinity. The second consisted of the catalytic activity of four dengue virus NS3 proteases on 56 small peptides. Finally, we have gathered bioactivity information of small molecule ligands on 91 aminergic GPCRs from 9 different species, leading to a dataset of 24,593 datapoints with a matrix completeness of only 2.43%.
GP models trained on these datasets are statistically sound, at the same level of statistical significance as Support Vector Machines (SVM), with

R

0

2

values on the external dataset ranging from 0.68 to 0.92, and RMSEP values close to the experimental error. Furthermore, the best GP models obtained with the normalized polynomial and radial kernels provide intervals of confidence for the predictions in agreement with the cumulative Gaussian distribution. GP models were also interpreted on the basis of individual targets and of ligand descriptors. In the dengue dataset, the model interpretation in terms of the amino-acid positions in the tetra-peptide ligands gave biologically meaningful results.
A software framework for data dimensionality reduction: application to chemical crystallography
Authors: Samudrala Sai Kiranmayee , Balachandran Prasanna Venkataraman , Zola Jaroslaw , Rajan Krishna , Ganapathysubramanian Baskar 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMaterials science research has witnessed an increasing use of data mining techniques in establishing process‐structure‐property relationships. Significant advances in high‐throughput experiments and computational capability have resulted in the generation of huge amounts of data. Various statistical methods are currently employed to reduce the noise, redundancy, and the dimensionality of the data to make analysis more tractable. Popular methods for reduction (like principal component analysis) assume a linear relationship between the input and output variables. Recent developments in non‐linear reduction (neural networks, self‐organizing maps), though successful, have computational issues associated with convergence and scalability. Another significant barrier to use dimensionality reduction techniques in materials science is the lack of ease of use owing to their complex mathematical formulations. This paper reviews various spectral‐based techniques that efficiently unravel linear and non‐linear structures in the data which can subsequently be used to tractably investigate process‐structure‐property relationships. In addition, we describe techniques (based on graph‐theoretic analysis) to estimate the optimal dimensionality of the low‐dimensional parametric representation. We show how these techniques can be packaged into a modular, computationally scalable software framework with a graphical user interface ‐ Scalable Extensible Toolkit for Dimensionality Reduction (SETDiR). This interface helps to separate out the mathematics and computational aspects from the materials science applications, thus significantly enhancing utility to the materials science community. The applicability of this framework in constructing reduced order models of complicated materials dataset is illustrated with an example dataset of apatites described in structural descriptor space. Cluster analysis of the low‐dimensional plots yielded interesting insights into the correlation between several structural descriptors like ionic radius and covalence with characteristic properties like apatite stability. This information is crucial as it can promote the use of apatite materials as a potential host system for immobilizing toxic elements.
Markerless 3D motion capture for animal locomotion studies
Authors: Sellers William Irvin , Hirasaki Eishi 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Obtaining quantitative data describing the movements of animals is an essential step in understanding their locomotor biology. Outside the laboratory, measuring animal locomotion often relies on video-based approaches and analysis is hampered because of difficulties in calibration and often the limited availability of possible camera positions. It is also usually restricted to two dimensions, which is often an undesirable over-simplification given the essentially three-dimensional nature of many locomotor performances. In this paper we demonstrate a fully three-dimensional approach based on 3D photogrammetric reconstruction using multiple, synchronised video cameras. This approach allows full calibration based on the separation of the individual cameras and will work fully automatically with completely unmarked and undisturbed animals. As such it has the potential to revolutionise work carried out on free-ranging animals in sanctuaries and zoological gardens where ad hoc approaches are essential and access within enclosures often severely restricted. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of video-based 3D photogrammetry with examples from primates and birds, as well as discussing the current limitations of this technique and illustrating the accuracies that can be obtained. All the software required is open source so this can be a very cost effective approach and provides a methodology of obtaining data in situations where other approaches would be completely ineffective.
The Drosophila MCPH1-B isoform is a substrate of the APCCdh1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex
Authors: Hainline Sarah G. , Rickmyre Jamie L. , Neitzel Leif R. , Lee Laura A. , Lee Ethan 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
The Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC) is a multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase that coordinates progression through the cell cycle by temporally and spatially promoting the degradation of key proteins. Many of these targeted proteins have been shown to play important roles in regulating orderly progression through the cell cycle. Using a previously described Drosophila in vitro expression cloning approach, we screened for new substrates of the APC in Xenopus egg extract and identified Drosophila MCPH1 (dMCPH1), a protein encoded by the homolog of a causative gene for autosomal recessive primary microcephaly in humans. The dMCPH1-B splice form, but not the dMCPH1-C splice form, undergoes robust degradation in Xenopus interphase egg extract in a Cdh1-dependent manner. Degradation of dMCPH1-B is controlled by an N-terminal destruction box (D-box) motif as its deletion or mutation blocks dMCPH1-B degradation. dMCPH1 levels are increased in Drosophila morula (APC2) mutant embryos, consistent with dMCPH1 being an APC substrate in vivo. Using a purified, reconstituted system, we show that dMCPH1-B is ubiquitinated by APCCdh1, indicating that the effect of APC on dMCPH1-B ubiquitination and degradation is direct. Full-length human MCPH1 (hMCPH1) has been predicted to be an APC substrate based on its interaction with the APC subunit Cdc27. We were not able to detect changes in hMCPH1 levels during the cell cycle in cultured human cells. Overexpression of hMCPH1 (or dMCPH1-B) in developing Xenopus embryos, however, disrupts cell division, suggesting that proper regulation of hMCPH1 and dMCPH1-B activity plays a critical role in proper cell-cycle progression.
Orthosiphon stamineus protects Caenorhabditis elegans against Staphylococcus aureus infection through immunomodulation
Authors: Kong Cin , Tan Man-Wah , Nathan Sheila 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Amidst growing concerns over the spread of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, the identification of alternative therapeutic molecules has become paramount. Previously, we utilized a Caenorhabditis elegans–S. aureus screening platform to identify potential anti-infective agents from a collection of natural extracts and synthetic compounds. One of the hits obtained from the screen was the aqueous extract of Orthosiphon stamineus leaves (UE-12) that enhanced the survival of infected nematodes without interfering with bacterial growth. In this study, we used a fluorescent transgenic reporter strain and observed that the repressed expression of the lys-7 defense gene in infected nematodes was restored in the presence of UE-12. Analysis of a selected panel of PMK-1 and DAF-16-regulated transcripts and loss-of-function mutants in these pathways indicates that the protective role of UE-12 is mediated via the p38 MAP kinase and insulin-like signaling pathways. Further analysis of a panel of known bioactive compounds of UE-12 proposed eupatorin (C18H16O7) as the possible candidate active molecule contributing to the anti-infective property of UE-12. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that the O. stamineus leaf extract is a promising anti-infective agent that confers an advantage in survival against S. aureus infection by modulating the immune response of the infected host.
Gain‐of‐function mutation in TASK‐4 channels and severe cardiac conduction disorder
Authors: Friedrich Corinna , Rinné Susanne , Zumhagen Sven , Kiper Aytug K , Silbernagel Nicole , Netter Michael F , Stallmeyer Birgit , Schulze‐Bahr Eric , Decher Niels 
Published: June 2014

AbstractAnalyzing a patient with progressive and severe cardiac conduction disorder combined with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF), we identified a splice site mutation in the sodium channel gene SCN5A. Due to the severe phenotype, we performed whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and identified an additional mutation in the KCNK17 gene encoding the K2P potassium channel TASK‐4. The heterozygous change (c.262G>A) resulted in the p.Gly88Arg mutation in the first extracellular pore loop. Mutant TASK‐4 channels generated threefold increased currents, while surface expression was unchanged, indicating enhanced conductivity. When co‐expressed with wild‐type channels, the gain‐of‐function by G88R was conferred in a dominant‐active manner. We demonstrate that KCNK17 is strongly expressed in human Purkinje cells and that overexpression of G88R leads to a hyperpolarization and strong slowing of the upstroke velocity of spontaneously beating HL‐1 cells. Thus, we propose that a gain‐of‐function by TASK‐4 in the conduction system might aggravate slowed conductivity by the loss of sodium channel function. Moreover, WES supports a second hit‐hypothesis in severe arrhythmia cases and identified KCNK17 as a novel arrhythmia gene.
RGS5 promotes arterial growth during arteriogenesis
Authors: Arnold Caroline , Feldner Anja , Pfisterer Larissa , Hödebeck Maren , Troidl Kerstin , Genové Guillem , Wieland Thomas , Hecker Markus , Korff Thomas 
Published: June 2014

AbstractArteriogenesis—the growth of collateral arterioles—partially compensates for the progressive occlusion of large conductance arteries as it may occur as a consequence of coronary, cerebral or peripheral artery disease. Despite being clinically highly relevant, mechanisms driving this process remain elusive. In this context, our study revealed that abundance of regulator of G‐protein signalling 5 (RGS5) is increased in vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of remodelling collateral arterioles. RGS5 terminates G‐protein‐coupled signalling cascades which control contractile responses of SMCs. Consequently, overexpression of RGS5 blunted Gαq/11‐mediated mobilization of intracellular calcium, thereby facilitating Gα12/13‐mediated RhoA signalling which is crucial for arteriogenesis. Knockdown of RGS5 evoked opposite effects and thus strongly impaired collateral growth as evidenced by a blockade of RhoA activation, SMC proliferation and the inability of these cells to acquire an activated phenotype in RGS5‐deficient mice after the onset of arteriogenesis. Collectively, these findings establish RGS5 as a novel determinant of arteriogenesis which shifts G‐protein signalling from Gαq/11‐mediated calcium‐dependent contraction towards Gα12/13‐mediated Rho kinase‐dependent SMC activation.
Clinical predictors of GH deficiency in surgically cured acromegalic patients
Authors: Ku Cheol Ryong , Hong Jae Won , Kim Eui Hyun , Kim Sun Ho , Lee Eun Jig 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveEven in patients with cured acromegaly, GH deficiency (GHD) after transsphenoidal adenomectomy (TSA) adversely affects body composition and inflammatory biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. In this study, clinical parameters for predicting GHD after TSA in 123 cured acromegalic patients were investigated.Design and methodsGH levels were measured at 6, 12, 18, 24, 48, and 72 h after TSA and serial insulin tolerance tests were conducted at 6 months, 2 years, and then every 2 years after TSA.ResultsGHD was found in 12 patients (9.8%) at 4.1 (range: 0.5–4.1) years after TSA. IGF1 levels were significantly lower at 6 months after TSA in GHD group than intact GH group (175.9 vs 316.8 μg/l, range: 32.0–425.0 and 96.9–547.3 respectively, P=0.008). Adenomas involving both sides of the pituitary gland were significantly more frequent in GHD patients (29.7 vs 83.3%; P=0.002). Furthermore, immediate postoperative 72-h GH levels after TSA were significantly lower (0.17 vs 0.45, range: 0.02–0.93 and 0.02–5.95 respectively, P=0.019) in GHD patients. In multiple logistic regression analysis, bilaterality of tumor involvement (odds ratio (OR)=10.678, P=0.003; 95% CI=2.248–50.728) and immediate postoperative 72-h GH level (OR=0.079, P=0.047; 95% CI=0.006–0.967) showed significant power for predicting GHD.ConclusionsThese data suggest that bilateral involvement of a pituitary adenoma and severely decreased immediate postoperative serum GH levels at 72 h after TSA may be independent risks factor for accelerated GHD in acromegalic patients.
Increasing Provision of Adolescent Vaccines in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gilkey Melissa B. , Dayton Amanda M. , Moss Jennifer L. , Sparks Alicia C. , Grimshaw Amy H. , Bowling James M. , Brewer Noel T. 
Published: July 2014

OBJECTIVES:
To assess the effectiveness of in-person and webinar-delivered AFIX (Assessment, Feedback, Incentives, and eXchange) consultations for increasing adolescent vaccine coverage.

METHODS:
We randomly assigned 91 primary care clinics in North Carolina, serving 107 443 adolescents, to receive no consultation or an in-person or webinar AFIX consultation. We delivered in-person consultations in April through May 2011 and webinar consultations in May through August 2011. The state's immunization registry provided vaccine coverage data for younger patients (ages 11–12 years) and older patients (ages 13–18 years) for 3 adolescent vaccines: tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis (Tdap); meningococcal; and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines (≥1 dose, females only).

RESULTS:
At the 5-month follow-up, AFIX consultations increased vaccine coverage among younger adolescents. Patients in the in-person arm experienced coverage changes that exceeded those in the control arm for Tdap (3.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2 to 4.6]), meningococcal (4.7% [95% CI: 2.3 to 7.2], and HPV (1.5% [95% CI: 0.3 to 2.7]) vaccines. Patients in the webinar versus control arm also experienced larger changes for these vaccines. AFIX did little to improve coverage among older adolescents. At 1 year, the 3 arms showed similar coverage changes. The effectiveness of in-person and webinar consultations was not statistically different at either time point (all, P &gt;.05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Webinar AFIX consultations were as effective as in-person consultations in achieving short-term increases in vaccine coverage for younger adolescents. AFIX consultations for adolescents need improvement to have a stronger and more durable impact, especially for HPV vaccine.
Control of heterointerface and strain mapping in Au catalyzed axial Si-Si1-xGex nanowires
Authors: Periwal P. , Patriarche G. , Latu-Romain L. , Salem B. , Bassani F. , Baron T. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTAxial heterostructure nanowires with Si and SiGe segments have been grown using Au metal seed as catalyst by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) via vapor-liquid-solid process (VLS). We report on the effect of growth intervention on the droplet stability which in turn modifies NW morphology and interfacial abruptness. Growth stop of 2 minutes on transition from one material to another have been demonstrated to suppress reservoir effect by Au catalyst. The two SiGe/Si and Si/SiGe heterointerfaces are found to be assymetric. The former being diffused while the latter one is sharp. Furthermore, geometric phase analysis reports elastic deformation at the heterointerface. Nanowire undergoes rotation in both clock and anticlockwise direction at their sidewalls with an angle of 2.5° in order to accommodate this strain.
Personal Accounts of the Negative and Adaptive Psychosocial Experiences of People With Diabetes in the Second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) Study
Authors: Stuckey Heather L. , Mullan-Jensen Christine B. , Reach Gérard , Kovacs Burns Katharina , Piana Natalia , Vallis Michael , Wens Johan , Willaing Ingrid , Skovlund Søren E. , Peyrot Mark 
Published: June 2014

OBJECTIVE
To identify the psychosocial experiences of diabetes, including negative accounts of diabetes and adaptive ways of coping from the perspective of the person with diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants were 8,596 adults (1,368 with type 1 diabetes and 7,228 with type 2 diabetes) in the second Diabetes Attitudes, Wishes and Needs (DAWN2) study. Qualitative data were responses to open-ended survey questions about successes, challenges, and wishes for improvement in living with diabetes and about impactful experiences. Emergent coding developed with multinational collaborators identified thematic content about psychosocial aspects. The κ measure of interrater reliability was 0.72.

RESULTS
Analysis identified two negative psychosocial themes: 1) anxiety/fear, worry about hypoglycemia and complications of diabetes, depression, and negative moods/hopelessness and 2) discrimination at work and public misunderstanding about diabetes. Two psychosocial themes demonstrated adaptive ways of coping with diabetes: 1) having a positive outlook and sense of resilience in the midst of having diabetes and 2) receiving psychosocial support through caring and compassionate family, friends, health care professionals, and other people with diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
The personal accounts give insight into the psychosocial experiences and coping strategies of people with diabetes and can inform efforts to meet those needs and capitalize on strengths.