bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elastic properties of ascending aorta in women with previous pregnancy complicated by early‐ or late‐onset pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Orabona R. , Sciatti E. , Vizzardi E. , Bonadei I. , Valcamonico A. , Metra M. , Frusca T. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo evaluate the elastic properties of the ascending aorta in women with a previous pregnancy complicated by early‐onset (EO) or late‐onset (LO) pre‐eclampsia (PE) and the correlation with gestational age (GA), systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) and mean uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) at diagnosis of the disease as well as with birth weight of the neonate.MethodsThirty women who had a previous pregnancy complicated by EO‐PE, 30 with a previous pregnancy complicated by LO‐PE and 30 normal controls were selected retrospectively from our electronic database and then recalled for assessment from 6 months to 4 years after delivery. Data regarding GA, SBP/DBP and mean UtA‐PI at the diagnosis of PE were obtained from medical records. At our assessment, aortic M‐mode and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) parameters were measured. Aortic diameters were assessed at end‐diastole at four levels: Valsalva sinuses, sinotubular junction, tubular tract and aortic arch. Aortic compliance, distensibility, stiffness index (SI), Peterson's elastic modulus (EM), pulse‐wave velocity and M‐mode strain were calculated using standard formulae. Aortic expansion velocity, early and late diastolic retraction velocities and peak systolic tissue strain (TDI‐ϵ) were determined.ResultsAortic diameters at the four levels were significantly greater in both EO‐PE and LO‐PE groups than in controls. Aortic compliance and distensibility and TDI‐ϵ were lower in EO‐PE than in LO‐PE (P  = 0.001, P  = 0.002 and P  = 0.011, respectively) and controls (P  = 0.037, P  = 0.044 and P  = 0.013, respectively). SI and EM were higher in EO‐PE than in LO‐PE (P  = 0.001 and P  < 0.001, respectively) and than in controls (P = 0.035 and P  = 0.036, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed GA, DBP and UtA‐PI at diagnosis of PE to be independent predictors of aortic elastic properties.ConclusionsElastic properties of the ascending aorta were altered in women with a previous pregnancy complicated by EO‐PE, but not in those with LO‐PE. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Institutions, discourses, and the promotion of renewable energy
Authors: Genus Audley 
Published: March 2015

The article argues that a more rounded understanding of the factors affecting the promotion and uptake of renewable energy technologies may be obtained by bringing together neoinstitutional theory—informed by insights from institutional economics and organizational sociology—and discourse analysis. Such a discourse‐institutional view has a number of benefits: (1) institutionally, it moves analysis beyond the usual if understandable focus on the activities and policies of government; (2) institutions as norms, professional standards, culture, and ingrained habit are given due attention; (3) the language basis of institutions is duly recognized; and (4) connections among language in text, and in discursive and social practice are acknowledged, as are their role in processes of (non) institutionalization. The article summarizes the suggested approach, in doing so highlighting its relevance to the diffusion of renewable energy technologies. WIREs Energy Environ 2016, 5:119–124. doi: 10.1002/wene.169This article is categorized under:

Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy
Energy Policy and Planning > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Research & Innovation > Economics and Policy
Cutting, dicing, healing and sealing: the molecular surgery of tRNA
Authors: Lopes Raphael R.S. , Kessler Alan C. , Polycarpo Carla , Alfonzo Juan D. 
Published: March 2015

All organisms encode transfer RNAs (tRNAs) that are synthesized as precursor molecules bearing extra sequences at their 5′ and 3′ ends; some tRNAs also contain introns, which are removed by splicing. Despite commonality in what the ultimate goal is (i.e., producing a mature tRNA), mechanistically, tRNA splicing differs between Bacteria and Archaea or Eukarya. The number and position of tRNA introns varies between organisms and even between different tRNAs within the same organism, suggesting a degree of plasticity in both the evolution and persistence of modern tRNA splicing systems. Here we will review recent findings that not only highlight nuances in splicing pathways but also provide potential reasons for the maintenance of introns in tRNA. Recently, connections between defects in the components of the tRNA splicing machinery and medically relevant phenotypes in humans have been reported. These differences will be discussed in terms of the importance of splicing for tRNA function and in a broader context on how tRNA splicing defects can often have unpredictable consequences. WIREs RNA 2015, 6:337–349. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1279This article is categorized under:

RNA Processing > Splicing Mechanisms
RNA Processing > tRNA Processing
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Trends in the Economic Consequences of Marital and Cohabitation Dissolution in the United States
Authors: Tach Laura M. , Eads Alicia 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Mothers in the United States use a combination of employment, public transfers, and private safety nets to cushion the economic losses of romantic union dissolution, but changes in maternal labor force participation, government transfer programs, and private social networks may have altered the economic impact of union dissolution over time. Using nationally representative panels from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) from 1984 to 2007, we show that the economic consequences of divorce have declined since the 1980s owing to the growth in married women’s earnings and their receipt of child support and income from personal networks. In contrast, the economic consequences of cohabitation dissolution were modest in the 1980s but have worsened over time. Cohabiting mothers’ income losses associated with union dissolution now closely resemble those of divorced mothers. These trends imply that changes in marital stability have not contributed to rising income instability among families with children, but trends in the extent and economic costs of cohabitation have likely contributed to rising income instability for less-advantaged children.
Effects of prebiotic supplementation on the expression of proteins regulating iron absorption in anaemic growing rats
Authors: Marciano Renata , Santamarina Aline Boveto , de Santana Aline Alves , Silva Maísa de Lima Correia , Amancio Olga Maria Silvério , do Nascimento Claudia Maria da Penha Oller , Oyama Lila Missae , de Morais Mauro Batista 
Published: March 2015

Prebiotics may increase intestinal Fe absorption in anaemic growing rats. The present study evaluated the effects of high-performance (HP) inulin and oligofructose on factors that regulate Fe absorption in anaemic rats during the growth phase. Male Wistar rats aged 21 d of age were fed AIN-93G ration without Fe for 2 weeks to induce Fe-deficiency anaemia. The rats were fed on day 35 a control diet, or a diet with 10 % HP inulin, or a diet with 10 % oligofructose, without Fe supplementation. The animals were euthanised after 2 weeks, and segments of the duodenum, caecum, colon and liver were removed. The expression levels of proteins in the intestinal segments were assessed using Western blotting. The levels of serum, urine and liver hepcidin and the concentrations of IL-10, IL-6 and TNF-α in the caecum, colon and liver were measured using the ELISA test. HP inulin increased the expression of the divalent metal transporter 1 protein in the caecum by 162 % (P= 0·04), and the expression of duodenal cytochrome b reductase in the colon by 136 % (P= 0·02). Oligofructose decreased the expression of the protein ferroportin in the duodenum (P= 0·02), the concentrations of IL-10 (P= 0·044), IL-6 (P= 0·036) and TNF-α (P= 0·004) in the caecum, as well as the level of urinary hepcidin (P< 0·001). These results indicate that prebiotics may interfere with the expression of various intestinal proteins and systemic factors involved in the regulation of intestinal Fe absorption in anaemic rats during the growth phase.
Intervention effects on dietary intake among children by maternal education level: results of the Copenhagen School Child Intervention Study (CoSCIS)
Authors: Jensen Britt W. , von Kappelgaard Lene M. , Nielsen Birgit M. , Husby Ida , Bugge Anna , El-Naaman Bianca , Andersen Lars B. , Trolle Ellen , Heitmann Berit L. 
Published: March 2015

Dietary intake among Danish children, in general, does not comply with the official recommendations. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the 3-year effect of a multi-component school-based intervention on nutrient intake in children, and to examine whether an intervention effect depended on maternal education level. A total of 307 children (intervention group: n 184; comparison group: n 123) were included in the present study. All had information on dietary intake pre- and post-intervention (mean age 6·8 and 9·5 years for intervention and comparison groups, respectively) assessed by a 7-d food record. Analyses were conducted based on the daily intake of macronutrients (energy percentage (E%)), fatty acids (E%), added sugar (E%) and dietary fibre (g/d and g/MJ). Analyses were stratified by maternal education level into three categories. Changes in nutrient intake were observed in the intervention group, mainly among children of mothers with a short education ( < 10 years). Here, intake of dietary fibre increased (β = 2·1 g/d, 95 % CI 0·5, 3·6, P= 0·01). Intake of protein tended to increase (β = 0·6 E%, 95 % CI − 0·01, 1·2, P= 0·05), while intake of fat (β = − 1·7 E%, 95 % CI − 3·8, 0·3, P= 0·09) and SFA (β = − 0·9, 95 % CI − 2·0, 0·2, P= 0·10) tended to decrease. Also, a significant intervention effect was observed on the intake of SFA among children of mothers with a long education (β = − 0·8, 95 % CI − 1·5, − 0·03, P= 0·04). This multi-component school-based intervention resulted in changes in the dietary intake, particularly among children of mothers with a short education. As the dietary intake of this subgroup generally differs most from the recommendations, the results of the present study are particularly encouraging.
High-fat diet decreases energy expenditure and expression of genes controlling lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function and skeletal system development in the adipose tissue, along with increased expression of extracellular matrix remodelling- and inflammation-related genes
Authors: Choi Myung-Sook , Kim Young-Je , Kwon Eun-Young , Ryoo Jae Young , Kim Sang Ryong , Jung Un Ju 
Published: March 2015

The aim of the present study was to identify the genes differentially expressed in the visceral adipose tissue in a well-characterised mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Male C57BL/6J mice (n 20) were fed either HFD (189 % of energy from fat) or low-fat diet (LFD, 42 % of energy from fat) for 16 weeks. HFD-fed mice exhibited obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and adipose collagen accumulation, along with higher levels of plasma leptin, resistin and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, although there were no significant differences in plasma cytokine levels. Energy intake was similar in the two diet groups owing to lower food intake in the HFD group; however, energy expenditure was also lower in the HFD group than in the LFD group. Microarray analysis revealed that genes related to lipolysis, fatty acid metabolism, mitochondrial energy transduction, oxidation–reduction, insulin sensitivity and skeletal system development were down-regulated in HFD-fed mice, and genes associated with extracellular matrix (ECM) components, ECM remodelling and inflammation were up-regulated. The top ten up- or down-regulated genes include Acsm3, mt-Nd6, Fam13a, Cyp2e1, Rgs1 and Gpnmb, whose roles in the deterioration of obesity-associated adipose tissue are poorly understood. In conclusion, the genes identified here provide new therapeutic opportunities for prevention and treatment of diet-induced obesity.
Mediterranean diet and other lifestyle factors in relation to 20-year all-cause mortality: a cohort study in an Italian population
Authors: Prinelli Federica , Yannakoulia Mary , Anastasiou Costas A. , Adorni Fulvio , Di Santo Simona G. , Musicco Massimo , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Correa Leite Maria L. 
Published: March 2015

The aim of the present analysis was to evaluate the association of the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), smoking habits and physical activity with all-cause mortality in an Italian population during a 20-year follow-up study. A total of 1693 subjects aged 40–74 who enrolled in the study in 1991–5 were asked about dietary and other lifestyle information at baseline. Adherence to the MeDi was evaluated by the Mediterranean dietary score (MedDietScore). A healthy lifestyle score was computed by assigning 1 point each for a medium or high adherence to the MedDietScore, non-smoking and physical activity. Cox models were used to assess the associations between lifestyle factors and healthy lifestyle scores and all-cause mortality, adjusting for potential confounders. The final sample included 974 subjects with complete data and without chronic disease at baseline. During a median of 17·4 years of follow-up, 193 people died. Subjects with high adherence to the MedDietScore (hazard ratio (HR) 0·62, 95 % CI 0·43, 0·89)), non-smokers (HR 0·71, 95 % CI 0·51, 0·98) and physically active subjects (HR 0·55, 95 % CI 0·36, 0·82) were at low risk of death. Each point increase in the MedDietScore was associated with a significant 5 % reduction of death risk. Subjects with 1, 2 or 3 healthy lifestyle behaviours had a significantly 39, 56, and 73 % reduced risk of death, respectively. A high adherence to MeDi, non-smoking and physical activity were strongly associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality in healthy subjects after long-term follow-up. This reduction was even stronger when the healthy lifestyle behaviours were combined.
Morphometrics and molecular analysis ofOzolaimus linstowin. sp. (Oxyuroidea: Pharyngodonidae) from the green lizardIguana iguana
Authors: Malysheva S.V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOzolaimus linstowin. sp. is described from the large intestine ofIguana iguanaLinnaeus, 1758 from Mexico. The present species can be easily distinguished fromO. megatyphlonandO. cirratusby the presence of a long and slender pharynx not divided into sections, more similar to the remaining two species,O. monhysteraandO. ctenosauri. Ozolaimus linstowin. sp. can be differentiated fromO. monhysteraby the shorter spicule length and smaller body size of both males and females. Males ofO. linstowin. sp. are morphologically close to those ofO. ctenosauri, but females possess a markedly smaller body size and differ in the organization of the oral cuticular armature. Adult males ofO. linstowin. sp. bear some characteristic features of the J3 juvenile morphology in terms of the cuticular organization of the oral and buccal capsule. Phylogenetic analysis ofO.linstowin. sp. using partial small subunit (SSU) and D2–D3 large subunit (LSU) rDNA shows relationships with several Oxyuridae genera.
Beyond cry and laugh: Toward a multilevel model of language production
Authors: Bornstein Marc H. , Esposito Gianluca 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLanguage production is a multilevel phenomenon, and human capacities to communicate vocally progress from early forms, based on projections of motor cortex to brainstem nuclei, to complex elaborations, mediated by high-order cognition and fostered by socially mediated feedback.
Development of sonar morphology-based posterior approach model for occupancy grid mapping
Authors: Lee Se-Jin , Lee Kyoungmin , Song Jae-Bok 
Published: March 2015

SUMMARYAn advanced sonar morphology-based posterior approach (SMP) to building an occupancy grid map for a mobile robot is proposed in this study. It is very important for a mobile robot to find its surrounding saliencies and to localize itself for indoor navigation. Ultrasonic sensors are of great practical value in building environmental maps and for autonomous operation. However, grid maps constructed by ultrasonic sensors cannot typically form a realistic representation of a given environment due to incorrect sonar measurements caused by specular reflection and wide beam width. The sonar sensor model proposed in this study, in which the negative effect of incorrect sonar measurements is minimized by geometric association with sonar footprints, is adopted to build a high-quality grid map. Experimental results and evaluations in home and corridor environments demonstrate the validity of the proposed methods.
STANDARDIZED REPORTING FOR RAPID RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS ASSESSMENTS OF PHARMACEUTICALS
Authors: Kleijnen Sarah , Pasternack Iris , Van de Casteele Marc , Rossi Bernardette , Cangini Agnese , Di Bidino Rossella , Jelenc Marjetka , Abrishami Payam , Autti-Rämö Ilona , Seyfried Hans , Wildbacher Ingrid , Goettsch Wim G. 
Published: March 2015

Objectives:Many European countries perform rapid assessments of the relative effectiveness (RE) of pharmaceuticals as part of the reimbursement decision making process. Increased sharing of information on RE across countries may save costs and reduce duplication of work. The objective of this article is to describe the development of a tool for rapid assessment of RE of new pharmaceuticals that enter the market, the HTA Core Model® for Rapid Relative Effectiveness Assessment (REA) of Pharmaceuticals.Methods:Eighteen member organisations of the European Network of Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) participated in the development of the model. Different versions of the model were developed and piloted in this collaboration and adjusted accordingly based on feedback on the content and feasibility of the model.Results:The final model deviates from the traditional HTA Core Model® used for assessing other types of technologies. This is due to the limited scope (strong focus on RE), the timing of the assessment (just after market authorisation), and strict timelines (e.g. 90 days) required for performing the assessment. The number of domains and assessment elements was limited and it was decided that the primary information sources should preferably be a submission file provided by the marketing authorisation holder and the European Public Assessment Report.Conclusions:The HTA Core Model® for Rapid REA (version 3.0) was developed to produce standardised transparent RE information of pharmaceuticals. Further piloting can provide input for possible improvements, such as further refining the assessment elements and new methodological guidance on relevant areas.
COLLABORATIVE MODELS FOR THE JOINT PRODUCTION OF CORE HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENTS: NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE ASPECTS FOR THE JOINT WORK OF DIFFERENT EUROPEAN AGENCIES
Authors: Lo Scalzo Alessandra , Vicari Nicola , Corio Mirella , Perrini Maria Rosaria , Jefferson Tom , Gillespie Francesca , Cerbo Marina 
Published: March 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the European network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) is to make HTA agencies collaborate sharing methods and tools thus avoiding duplication of evaluative efforts and allowing resource savings. From 2010 to 2012, the activities of the network were carried out through EUnetHTA Joint Action 1 and Work Package 4 Strand B aimed at producing two Core HTAs with two main objectives: to test the Web based Core model and the collaborative working models. Our objective in this article is to give an historical record of the Work Package activities highlighting what worked and what did not in the collaboration of researchers’ groups coming from different agencies.Methods: A retrospective description of all the steps for the joint production of the two Core HTAs is provided starting from the first step of selecting technologies of common interest. Primary researchers’ views on the whole process have been collected through a semi-structured telephonic interview supported by a questionnaire. Coordinators views were gathered during internal meetings and validated.Results: Majority of respondents thought topic selection procedure was not clear and well managed. About collaborative models, small groups were seen to enable more exchange, whatever the model. According to coordinators, loss of expertise and experience during the production process, different languages, and novelty of the Online Tool were main barriers.Conclusions: Lessons learned from this first experience in Joint Action 1 paved the path for the collaboration in Joint Action 2, as it allowed enhancements and changes in models of collaborations and coordination.
The resilience of sailortown culture in English naval ports,c. 1820–1900
Authors: BEAVEN BRAD 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT:Sailortowns were districts in ports where sailors visited, often lived and were entertained. However, while historians have made significant strides in exploring sailors in merchant ports, naval sailortowns have largely been overlooked. It will be argued here that in the English naval towns of Portsmouth and Plymouth, sailortown exhibited a sense of ‘Otherness’ and a subaltern resilience to the cultural hegemony of civic progress and modernity during the second half of the nineteenth century. Those living in naval sailortowns were geographically and culturally marginalized from the centres of economic and political power and their relationship with the civic and naval authorities was one which varied between compromise and resistance.
Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders:Cross-national and Ethnic Issues
Authors: Matsunaga Hisato , Seedat Soraya 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTEpidemiological and clinical data from a variety of cultural and geographic settings on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and many of the obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders, suggest that this is a group of disorders with a good degree of transcultural homogeneity. However, the content and themes that predominate in patients with these disorders, and the course of illness, can be shaped by cultural, ethnic, and religious experiences. Across cultures, OCD is commonly comorbid with mood, anxiety, and impulse-control disorders. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which culture and ethnicity may affect the expression of OCD and related disorders. Cross-national comparative studies exploring culturally influenced differences in clinical course, treatment outcome, including ethnogenetic differences in drug response, and prognosis are needed.