bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finite Element Analysis of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Welds*
Authors: Kisasoz Alptekin , Karaaslan Ahmet 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Duplex stainless steels are sensitive to high temperature exposure. The microstructure of the duplex stainless steels changes at high process temperatures. Such microstructural changes might affect the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of duplex stainless steel. Therefore, the microstructural properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel welds were studied and respective microstructural changes during the welding process have been investigated by finite element analysis before fabrication process. 2205 duplex stainless steels were welded using the TIG process. The heat distribution along the cross section of weldments according to the TIG welding parameters was calculated by finite element analysis using ANSYS software. After metallographic preparation of the weldments, each sample was etched by electro-chemical method and the ferrite-austenite ratio was examined by light microscopy. The finite element analyses and microscopic results were compared and the mechanical properties of the weldments were investigated using hardness tests.
Impact Toughness of Friction Stir Welded Al-Mg Alloy*
Authors: Sedmak Aleksandar , Eramah Abdasalam Mohamed Mahdi , Tadić Srđan , Perković Srđa , Dascau Horia 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Al-Mg 5083 alloy was friction stir welded by varying welding variables, i. e., rotational speed, traversal speed and tool tilt angle. Welded specimens have been tested by the instrumented Charpy test to evaluate total absorbed energy, as well as the energy for crack initiation and the energy for crack growth. Subsequently, the fracture surface was examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate surface type of fracture, and to correlate the microstructure with the impact energy. Based on this, the optimum windows of FSW parameters for Al-Mg 5083 alloy welding have been defined.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AA 5083 and AA 6061 Welds Joined with AlSi5 and AlSi12 Wires*
Authors: Cetinel Hakan , Ayvaz Mehmet 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Aluminum alloys are used in various industries including marine, defense, automotive, transportation and aerospace. Common to all of these industries is the need to join aluminum parts using fusion based welding processes. However, there are some difficulties in welding aluminum alloys, such as, for instance, hot cracking. In this study, the aluminum alloys 5083 and 6061 were welded using the TIG process and two filler wires (AlSi12 and AlSi5). Six different alloy combinations were investigated, i. e., 5083-AlSi5-5083, 5083-AlSi12-5083, 6061-AlSi5-6061, 6061-AlSi12-6061, 5083-AlSi5-6061 and 5083-AlSi12-6061. The mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated by microhardness scans, tensile tests as well as Charpy and three point bend tests. In addition, microstructural investigations were performed by optical microscopy.
20 Jahre ökologische Aufwertung von Waldrändern im Kanton Aargau: erste Erfolgskontrolle
Authors: Spörri Kaspar , Babbi Manuel , Krüsi Bertil O. 
Published: September 2014

20 years of ecological forest edge enhancement in the Canton of Aargau: a first evaluation
On the Swiss Plateau, 25 000 km of forest edges serve as transition zones between open grasslands and closed forests. They fulfil important functions with regard to ecological connectivity and constitute a habitat for numerous plant and animal species. Since only a fraction of these forest edges are in good ecological condition, most cantons implement programs to enhance their quality. With almost 200 km of upgraded forest edges, the Canton of Aargau takes on a pioneering role throughout Switzerland. To date, however, it was unknown what ecological value the upgraded forest edges have and which factors significantly contribute to the success of the implemented measures. We used a standardised evaluation key and interviews with the responsible forest services to assess the ecological quality of 20 selected forest edges in six forest districts in the Canton of Aargau as well as potential success factors. Our investigations show that enhanced forest edges in the Canton of Aargau are in a very good condition. The two most important structural elements of a forest edge in terms of biodiversity are two to eight times more marked than on average on a national scale, and they nearly conform to the objectives as defined by nature conservancy. With a registered total of 31 domestic deciduous tree species and 58 domestic lignified plant species, floristic diversity is remarkably high. Contrary to the estimation of the responsible forest services, neither the vigour of a location nor its aspect proved to be decisive factors of success. Rather, the frequency of intervention seems to be critical. Maintenance measures should be implemented at least every seven years. More comprehensive analyses are necessary to corroborate the present findings for other regions in Switzerland. Precondition for such analyses are systematic performance reviews that include an examination of the baseline conditions.
New technique for access-borehole drilling in shelf glaciers using lightweight drills
Authors: Zagorodnov V. , Tyler S. , Holland D. , Stern A. , Thompson L.G. , Sladek C. , Kobs S. , Nicolas J.P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper describes a new, environmentally friendly drilling technique for making short-and long-term access boreholes in shelf glaciers using lightweight drills. The new drilling technique was successfully developed for installation of small-diameter sensors under the Ross Ice Shelf through ~ 193 m thick ice at Windless Bight, McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The two access boreholes were drilled and sensors installed in 110 working hours. The total weight of the drilling equipment including the power system and fuel is <400 kg. Installation of small-diameter sensors was possible for 1.8– 6 hours after penetration through the glacier into the sea water beneath. The new drilling technique does not require drilling fluid and therefore has minimal environmental impact. It should permit access through ice-shelf ice up to 350 m thick, or glaciers on grounded ice or subglacial lakes if there is no water-permeable interface at the base. Modifications, presented in this work, of the drilling equipment and protocol will allow for (1) ~ 21 working hours for penetration through 200 m of ice, (2) installation of sensors up to 120 mm in diameter and (3) drilling long-term open boreholes through 400 m thick ice in 100 working hours.
A qualitative study of the knowledge-brokering role of middle-level managers in service innovation: managing the translation gap in patient safety for older persons’ care
Authors: Currie Graeme , Burgess Nicola , White Leroy , Lockett Andy , Gladman John , Waring Justin 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundBrokering of evidence into service delivery is crucial for patient safety. We study knowledge brokering by ‘hybrid’ middle-level managers (H-MLMs), who hold responsibility for clinical service delivery as well as a managerial role, in the context of falls, medication management and transition, in care of older people.ObjectivesGenerate insight into processes and structures for brokering of patient safety knowledge (PSK) by H-MLMs.DesignWe utilise mixed methods: semistructured interviews, social network analysis, observation, documentary analysis, tracer studies and focus groups.SettingNHS East and NHS West Midlands.ParticipantsOne hundred and twenty-seven H-MLMs, senior managers and professionals, in three hospitals, and external producers of PSK.Main outcome measuresWhich H-MLMs broker what PSK, and why? (1) How do H-MLMs broker PSK? (2) What are contextual features for H-MLM knowledge brokering? (3) How can H-MLMs be enabled to broker PSK more effectively in older persons’ care?ResultsHealth-care organisations fail to leverage PSK for service improvement. Attempts by H-MLMs to broker PSK downwards or upwards are framed by policy directives and professional/managerial hierarchy. External performance targets and incentives compel H-MLMs in clinical governance to focus upon compliance. This diverts attention from pulling knowledge downwards, or upwards, for service improvement. Lower-status H-MLMs, closer to service delivery, struggle to push endogenous knowledge upwards, because they lack professional and managerial legitimacy. There is a difference between how PSK is brokered within ranks of nurses and doctors, due to differences in hierarchal characteristics. Rather than a ‘broker chain’ upwards and downwards, a ‘broken chain’ ensues, which constrains learning and service improvement.ConclusionsClinical governance is decoupled from service delivery. Brokering knowledge for service improvement is a ‘peopled’ activity in which H-MLMs are central. Intervention needs to mediate interprofessional and intraprofessional hierarchy, which, combined with compliance pressures, engender a ‘broken’ chain for applying PSK for service improvement, rather than a ‘brokering’ chain. Lower-status H-MLMs need to have their legitimacy and disposition enhanced to broker knowledge for service improvement. More informal ‘social mechanisms’ are required to complement clinical governance for development of a brokering chain. More research is needed to (1) examine why some H-MLMs are more disposed and able than others to broker PSK for service improvement, and (2) understand how knowledge brokering might be enhanced so that exogenous and endogenous knowledge is better fused for service improvement.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Services and Delivery Research programme.
La discontinuité neuropsychique
Authors: Bazalgette Gérard 
Published: September 2014

Malgré les fausses évidences d’une certaine neurologie, la pensée n’est pas le cerveau . Dès les années 1895 et avec l’échec de « Projet d’une psychologie », la question de l’hystérie obligeait Freud à inventer un nouvel appareil, un appareil psychique (seelischer Apparat) , distinct de l’appareil neurologique. Cet article étudie la situation de cette problématique aujourd’hui. Ce sera pour conclure qu’il n’y a toujours pas de synapse neuropsychique.
Sur la problématique d'un hypothétique processus psychosomatique impliqué dans la dépression
Authors: Dimitriadis Yorgos 
Published: September 2014

Nous examinons d’abord la légitimité d’une conceptualisation de certains aspects de la dépression en tant que processus psychosomatique qui touche le cerveau. La médication est parfois nécessaire, surtout dans des cas où le transfert, qui est un puissant antidépresseur, n’arrive pas à être engagé. Mais, au contraire, il existe un autre type de « sortie » de la dépression par la cure psychanalytique, dans les cas où le transfert est opérant, et ce type laisserait au sujet la possibilité de faire le deuil du « manque de l’Autre » par des formations poétiques/métaphoriques de l’inconscient.
Le bonheur selon les neurosciences ou la psychanalyse
Authors: Pommier Gérard 
Published: September 2014

De l’harmonie du corps dépend le bonheur. Or nous avons plusieurs corps, un corps anatomique qui ne grandit que grâce à la stimulation d’un corps psychique. Comme la tension entre le corps anatomique et le corps psychique ne se résout pas, un troisième corps vient à la rescousse : un corps de rêve, celui du désir. Ce corps de rêve cherche à s’actualiser grâce à la conjonction disjonctive du masculin et du féminin qui remet le bonheur aux bons soins de la sexualité. Cet article montre que le débat entre psychanalyse et neurosciences se résume à savoir lequel des trois corps est au poste de commande. Dans ce débat, les neurosciences elles-mêmes montrent la priorité du désir, bien qu’il ne puisse se passer de son ordinateur cérébral.
Mon corps m'appartient, il n'est l'honneur de personne
Authors: Ben Smaïl Nédra 
Published: September 2014

S’appuyant sur la clinique et des pratiques en matière de sexualité féminine, ce texte tente une lecture de l’émergence du corps féminin comme surface d’écriture dans un espace public tunisien en profonde mutation. Surdéterminé par la culture et la religion, le moi-idéal, projection du narcissisme de la mère, est marqué par des pulsions meurtrières condamnant le féminin de l’enfant à naître. Une mère, au féminin dénarcissisé, aux accents mélancoliques, dont le bébé fille serait l’héritière. Dans d’autres cas, il s’agira d’une véritable forclusion par la mère de toute représentation du sexe. Ce qui pousse le sujet féminin à recourir à des modalités subjectivantes parfois non sans violence sur soi, pour inscrire dans le réel du corps, le signifiant manquant dans le champ de l’Autre maternel et social qui reconnait le sexe féminin et le valorise. L’écriture sur le corps apparaît comme un « forçage » qui témoigne d’une revendication existentielle, et signe la remise en cause d’un discours social qui ne peut plus se soutenir face aux transformations du monde.
Le choix de localisation des immigrés en France : le rôle du logement social et des réseaux ethniques
Authors: Verdugo Gregory 
Published: September 2014

Cet article explore les déterminants du choix initial de localisation des immigrés arrivés en France entre 1975 et 1990. Nous étudions le rôle des réseaux ethniques et du logement social dans le choix de localisation. En informant sur les caractéristiques du logement social d’une localisation, les réseaux ethniques peuvent le rendre plus attractif et influencer la localisation des immigrés du même groupe. Nous testons cette hypothèse en estimant si les variations du taux d’accès au logement social entre groupes ethniques et localisations ont un effet sur la probabilité de choisir une localisation pour un nouvel immigré. Nous trouvons que les nouveaux immigrés non-européens en couple avec enfants sont attirés par des unités urbaines dans lesquelles leur groupe est surreprésenté dans le logement social. Ces résultats suggèrent que l’offre de logement social et les réseaux ethniques interagissent et influencent le choix de localisation.
Institutions régionales et choix de localisation des firmes étrangères dans les régions russes
Authors: Karhunen Päivi , Ledyaeva Svetlana 
Published: September 2014

Nous utilisons des données sur 2520 firmes à participation étrangères enregistrées en Russie sur la période 1990 – 2007 afin de tester empiriquement l’impact du potentiel des institutions régionales sur les décisions de localisation des firmes étrangères en Russie. Nous montrons qu’en général les firmes étrangères tendent à se localiser dans les régions russes ayant un meilleur potentiel institutionnel. Nous concluons aussi que les firmes étrangères tendent à se localiser dans les régions russes ayant une taille de marché plus importante, une population plus éduquée, une meilleure infrastructure et pas de conflits civils.
Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Turkish version of the Harris Hip Score
Authors: Çelik Derya , Can Canan , Aslan Yasemin , Ceylan Hasan Huseyin , Bilsel Kerem , Ozdincler Arzu Razak 
Published: September 2014

Objectives The Harris Hip Score (HHS) developed to assess function and pain from the perspective of patients hip pathologies. The purpose of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the HHS into Turkish, and thereby determine the reliability and validity of the translated version. Methods The HHS was translated into Turkish in accordance with the stages recommended by Beaton. The measurement properties of the HHS were tested in 80 patients; 52 males, mean age 51 years (range 21-75 years) suffering from different hip pathologies. The test-retest reliability was tested in 58 patients; 28 males mean age, 52 years (range 30-73 years) after an interval of seven days. The Cronbach's Alpha was used to assess internal consistency and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to estimate the test-retest reliability. Patients were asked to answer the Oxford Hip Score (OHS), the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), the VAS and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) for the validity of the estimation. Results The Turkish version of the HHS showed sufficient internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, 0.70) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.91). The correlation coefficients between the HHS, the WOMAC and the OHS were 0.64 and 0.89 respectively. The highest correlations between the HHS and SF-36 were with the physical function scale (r = 0.72), and the lowest correlations were with the mental function scale (r = 0.10). We observed no floor or ceiling effects. Conclustion The Turkish version of the HHS has sufficient reliability and validity to measure patient-reported outcome for Turkish-speaking individuals with a variety of hip disorders.
Using Symptom Scores, Lifestyle Measures and Biochemical Markers to Create a Test for Endometriosis
Authors: Paiva Premila , Lappas Martha , Barker Gillian , Healey Martin 
Published: September 2014

Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop a test to discriminate between women suffering from pelvic pain associated with presence or absence of endometriosis, using symptom visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, demographic and lifestyle factors and known and novel plasma biomarkers. Methods This was a prospective cohort study. We recruited women presenting with pelvic pain symptoms and undergoing laparoscopy. They provided a plasma sample and completed a questionnaire assessing symptom VAS scores, lifestyle factors and demographic details. Plasma was assayed for 18 potential biomarkers. Logistic regression was used to develop a test to discriminate between women with pelvic pain associated with presence or absence of endometriosis. Results A series of 101 women were analyzed. On univariate analysis, women with endometriosis were less likely to be parous or have previously used an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) but have a higher weekly alcohol intake. These women had higher VAS scores for nausea and dyspareunia, and higher plasma levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125). The optimum logistic regression model included parity, previous IUD use, history of endometriosis, weekly alcohol intake, dyspareunia, VAS score and CA-125. This model had a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 62% and accuracy of 83%. Conclusions Combining symptom scores, historical measures and CA-125 provides a reasonable means to discriminate between women with pelvic pain associated with presence or absence of endometriosis, but greater specificity is needed before such a model could replace laparoscopy.
Multiresidue Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Solid Waste Environmental Samples by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Wu Shijian , Zhang Huanyan , Chen Beibei , Liu Ming , Shen Yanjun , Sha Qichao , Zhi Yuee , Zhou Pei 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The method for the determination of 12 organophosphorus pesticides in solid waste was established. The organophosphorus pesticides were analyzed by Soxhlet extraction or accelerated solvent extraction (ASE)-SPE cartridge-flame photometric detector (FPD), and leaching solution by rotary oscillation-positive pressure filtration-liquid–liquid extraction-SPE cartridge-FPD. The differences of extraction efficiencies between Soxhlet and ASE were compared. Solvent of Soxhlet extraction, purification and recovery of organophosphorus pesticides in leaching conditions were also studied. The recoveries were 54.2–119.8%, and the average recovery was 87.7%. The RSD was 1.89–9.10% (n = 6), the average RSD was 6.88%, and the detection limit was 0.27–0.69 μg/kg.
Identification and Quantitation of Volatile Organic Compounds in Poly(methyl methacrylate) Kitchen Utensils by Headspace Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Ohno Hiroyuki , Mutsuga Motoh , Kawamura Yoko 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A headspace GC/MS method was developed for identification and quantitation of residual volatile organic compounds in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) kitchen utensils. A sample was cut into small pieces, then N,N-dimethylacetamide was added in a headspace vial and sealed. After storing for more than 1 day at room temperature, the vial was incubated for 1 h at 90°C, and the headspace gas was analyzed by GC/MS. In 24 PMMA kitchen utensils, 16 volatile organic compounds including methyl methacrylate, methyl acrylate, toluene, 2-methyl-1-butene, 2-methyl-2-butene, 2-methylpropanal, methyl propionate, methyl isobutyrate, trans-3-heptene, heptane, cis-3-heptene, trans-2-heptene, cis-2-heptene, 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene, 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene, and 1-octene were identified and quantitated. These 15 volatile compounds except methyl methacrylate were found for the first time in PMMA kitchen utensils. Recovery rates from spiked samples were 97.4–104.0% with CV values of 2.8–9.6%. Samples contained 190–7900 μg/g of methyl methacrylate, 26–810 μg/g of methyl acrylate, and 2–1300 μg/g of toluene; other compounds were at levels less than 100 μg/g. Methyl methacrylate was the main monomer of PMMA and methyl acrylate was a comonomer; toluene should be used as a solvent.
Determination of Residues of Acetaminophen, Caffeine, and Drotaverine Hydrochloride on Swabs Collected from Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Equipment Using HPLC in Support of Cleaning Validation
Authors: Hassouna Mohamed E M , Issa Yousry M , Zayed Ashraf G 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
An HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of residues of acetaminophen (paracetamol, PA), caffeine (CA), and drotaverine HCl (DH) on swabs collected from pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment surfaces. The challenge in cleaning validation is to develop analytical methods that are sensitive enough to detect traces of the active compounds remaining on the surface of pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment after cleaning. Chromatography was performed in the isocratic mode on a Hypersil C18 BDS column using the mobile phase 0.02 M tetrabutylammonium bisulfate–methanol (100 + 45, v/v) at 50°C with UV detection at 210 nm. The method was tested for specificity, linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, and precision for determination of traces of the above-mentioned drugs. The time required for a single analysis was 12 min. The response was linear in the ranges of 6.900–52.100, 1.040–7.800, and 0.694–5.210 μg/mL for PA, CA, and DH, respectively.
Determination of Adulteration of Malachite Green in Green Pea and Some Prepared Foodstuffs by Micellar Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Ashok Vipin , Agrawal Nitasha , Durgbanshi Abhilasha , Esteve-Romero Josep , Bose Devasish 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
A simple, fast, and robust micellar LC method was developed for the separation and identification of the nonpermitted color malachite green in green pea and some ready-to-eat foodstuffs. Malachite green (4-[(4-dimethylaminophenyl) phenyl-methyl]-N,N-dimethylaniline) is a hazardous dye that is used to treat fungal and protozoan infections in fish and is a common adulterant (coloring agent) in green pea and other green vegetables because of its green color. In the present work, malachite green was determined in various foodstuffs using a direct injection technique on an RP C18 column with isocratic elution. The optimum mobile phase consisted of 0.15 M sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 6% pentanol buffered at pH 5. Detection was carried out at 620 nm. Malachite green was eluted in 9.2 min without any interference caused by endogenous compounds. Linearities (r &gt; 0.9999), intraday and interday precision (RSD less than 1.00%) in micellar media, and robustness were studied for method validation. LOD and LOQ were 0.10 and 0.25 ppm, respectively. The simplicity of the developed method makes it useful for routine analysis in the area of food QC.