bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moisture-Density-Strength-Energy Relationships for Gyratory Compacted Geomaterials
Authors: Li Cheng , White David J. , Vennapusa Pavana 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Laboratory Proctor and vibratory table compaction tests are commonly used to determine moisture-density-compaction energy relationships for soils and are typically limited to one or two compaction energy curves. They do not, however, provide shear strength or stiffness parameters that are commonly used in design and with performance-based specifications. In this study, a gyratory compactor equipped with a pressure distribution analyzer (PDA) was used to rapidly develop moisture-density-shear resistance-compaction energy relationships. Because the PDA equipment involves sensors, data acquisition, and interpretation, repeatability and reproducibility tests were conducted and evaluated using two-way analysis of variance. A wide range of geomaterials was tested: silica sand, crushed limestone sub-base, recycled pavement materials sub-base, and coal combustion products. Comparisons between the gyratory PDA test and conventional laboratory compaction tests and factors affecting the moisture-density-strength-energy relationships were discussed.
Rapid maxillary expansion: Do banded teeth develop more external root resorption than non-banded anchorage teeth?
Authors: Martins Débora C , Souki Bernardo Q , Cheib Paula L , Silva Gerluza A.B , Reis Igor D.G , Oliveira Dauro D , Nunes Eduardo 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To compare external root resorption (ERR) when bands and wires are used as orthodontic anchorage during rapid maxillary expansion (RME).

Materials and Methods:
Histologic analysis was performed on 108 sites from 18 maxillary first premolars and on 36 sites from six mandibular first premolars in nine subjects (mean age = 15.2 ± 1.4 years) 3 months after RME. Maxillary teeth were pooled into two groups (n = 54 each) according to the type of orthodontic anchorage (band group [BG] vs wire group [WG]). Anchorage type was randomly chosen in a split-mouth design. Mandibular first premolars, which were not subjected to orthodontic forces, were used as the control group (CG).

Results:
All premolars in the BG and WG showed ERR at the level of the cementum and dentin. Repair with cementum cells was observed in all resorption areas, but complete repair was rarely found. No statistically significant difference was found between the BG and WG with regard to the ERR. No association was found between the root height position (middle or cervical third) and the incidence of ERR. Buccal root surfaces showed a higher amount of ERR compared with the palatal and interproximal surfaces. ERR was not found in any teeth in the CG.

Conclusion:
All maxillary first premolars subjected to RME showed ERR and partial cementum repair. Banded teeth did not develop more ERR than nonbanded anchorage teeth.
Flex Fatigue Behavior Of Plastic Optical Fibers With Low Bending Cycles
Authors: Huang Juan , Křemenáková Dana , Militký Jiří 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Flex fatigue behaviour of plastic optical fibres (POFs) with the diameters of 0.2 and 0.3 mm under different pretensions is measured with fatigue life curve by flexometer. The fatigue sensitivity coefficient is calculated by the linear fitting curve of normalised stress versus logarithm of bending cycles. The residual modulus is investigated during the flex fatigue processes. The results exhibit the exponential relationship between applied pretension and numbers of bending cycles at break. It is indicated that the flex fatigue of POFs might be sensitive with high swing angle or swing speed. There is an evident loss of modulus for two POFs with pretensions of 4 and 10% of ultimate tensile strength during 10-times bending cycles. The values of residual modulus of two POFs almost keep constant after 10-times bending cycles.
Height determination using hand length in Nigerian school children
Authors: Ibegbu A. , David E. , Hamman W. , Umana U. , Musa S. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction. The anthropometric characteristics of 600 normal Nigeria School Children of ages between 5-10 years of Gbagyi tribe of Abuja, with no obvious deformities or previous history of trauma to the hand were selected for this study. Materials and methods. Of these children, males (n=300) with mean age of 7.10 ± 1.98, and females (n=300) with mean age of 7.68 ± 1.86) were investigated. The anthropometric characteristics of their height, age, weight, hand length, and body mass indices were measured, analysed statistically for any significant difference, and correlation between the parameters studied. Results. The results show some significant differences between the anthropometric parameters and a significant correlation (p< 0.001) between the height and hand length, and other parameters in both males and females. The study derived a linear regression and a multiple linear regression equations for Gbagyi School children of Nigeria from which height, age, weight, hand length and body mass index could be predicted if one factor is known. Conclusion. The results from the present study show that there was a positive correlation between height and hand length and other parameters indicating that height could be predicted using hand length, age, weight and body mass index among Gbagyi school children of Abuja-Nigeria.
Morphology and morphometry of buccopharyngeal cavity and pharyngeal dental apparatus of Chagunius chagunio (Hamilton 1822)
Authors: Chawla D. , Tyor A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Adaptation in morphological and functional aspects of feeding organs is one ofthe key features in the process of biological evolution. Chagunius chagunio represent remarkable specialization and generalization in their buccopharyngeal cavity. Materials and Methods: The samples ranging from 125-190 mm to study the general shape and size of different subdivisions of buccopharyngeal cavity. Results: Buccopharyngeal cavity measures 32.34± 2.95 mm in length and 15.3±2.96 mm in width. Sickle shaped pharyngeal arch measures 14.52±1.2mm in length and 3.52±0.74 mm in width with dental formula 5,3 2-2, 3,5. Conclusion: The minor carp, Chagunius chagunio has been poorly described in literature. It inhabits fast flowing water, have buccopharyngeal cavity with filter feeding modification as in H. molitrix and H. nobilis with spoon shaped pharyngeal teeth However, It has been described in literature that this fish feed on molluscan larvae.
Femoral nerve dimensions at the inguinal ligament and inguinal crease levels: implications for femoral nerve block
Authors: Oyedun O. , Rukewe A. , Fatiregun A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Femoral nerve block, when used solely or as a supplement to general anaesthesia, provides anaesthesia and analgesia to the anterior thigh. In spite of its established benefits, femoral nerve block is still underutilized in Nigeria. Our objective was to study the dimensions of femoral nerve at the level of the inguinal ligament and inguinal crease using a cadaveric model; no such data exists in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Using 7 adult human cadavers (6 males and 1 female), the depth and thickness of the femoral nerve were measured at the levels of inguinal ligament and inguinal crease. The spatial relationship of femoral nerve to the surrounding structures was also observed. Result: The study showed a significantly wider thickness and shorter depth of the femoral nerve at the level of inguinal crease relative to inguinal ligament. Conclusion: We concluded that in centers where ultrasound and neurostimulation techniques for femoral nerve block in Nigerians are unavailable, the inguinal crease level where the femoral nerve is more supericial and wider in thickness would be the landmark of choice compared to the inguinal ligament level.
Morphological and morphometric analysis from the heart of Caracara plancus (Carcará)
Authors: Miguel R. , Reinaldo R. , Fraga K. , Galvão A. , Silva J. , Xavier J. , Magalhães C. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Introduction: Caracara plancus, popularly known as Carcará, is a bird with broad geographic distribution, occurring from the southern United States to Argentina. Owing to importance of the heart during the flight and the lack of studies of this body in caracaras, this research aimed to conduct the description of the morphology and internal and external morphology heart Caracara plancus. Materials and Methods: Using a magnifying glass (TECNIVAL, SQF-F), precision scale and steel caliper, the heart three caracaras were described morphologically, weighed and measured. Results: The weight of hearts averaged 7,246g ± 0,518g. The mean side-to-side axis was 2,196cm ± 0,085cm and 3,366cm ± 0,036cm the longitudinal axis. In the side wall of the right ventricle was obtained the value of 0,185cm ± 0,035cm in the lateral wall of the left ventricle 0,59cm ± 0,014cm and interventricular septum 0,014cm ± 0.52cm. The heart of Carcará has no anterior interventricular groove; however there is the presence of the posterior interventricular sulcus. Internally, the left ventricle was observed, the presence of atrioventricular valves formed by connective tissue 18 tendinous cords, papillary muscles and a bridge crests. In the right ventricle, the atrioventricular valve was formed by muscle tissue and did not submit chordae, papillary muscles, crests or bridge. Conclusion: The heart of Carcará features in its morphology similar to the hearts of other birds and can be checked one right atrioventricular valve constituted by muscle tissue.
The pectoral-sternalis complex: an unusual case report
Authors: Bala M. , Passi D. , Kaushal S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA unilateral absence of sternocostal fibers of pectoralis major muscle with unilateral presence of sternalis muscle has been noticed in right side of an adult male cadaver during routine dissection. All slips of pectoralis major muscle as well sternalis muscle innervated by medial and lateral pectoral nerves. Absence of pectoralis major has been described extensively, both as an isolated anomaly, with varying levels of hypoplasia, and in association with congenital syndromes. But the partial hypoplasia of pectoralis muscle with compensatory presence of one of the rare muscle of anterior thoracic wall the sternalis muscle make this case as unique and rare. This finding adds to our existing knowledge for the origin of sternalis, an identity not explored fully yet. Awareness of anomalous pectoralis major musculature as well presence of sternalis muscle is important for reconstructive surgeons who perform mastectomy and for radiologists during interpretation of skiagrams.
Oxidative stability of chicken meat after propolis extract application in their diets
Authors: Bobko Marek , Kročko Miroslav , Haščí­k Peter , Bobková Alica 
Published: May 2015

In the experiment, the effect of the addition of propolis extract in a feed mixture for chicken broilers Hubbard JV on oxidative stability of breast and thigh muscles during refrigerated storage was investigated. In the experiment were included 90 pieces of one day-old chicks, which were divided into 3 groups (control, E1 and E2). Chickens were fed by ad libitum system until the age of 42 days. These feed mixtures were made without antibiotics preparation and coccidiostats. Propolis extract in an amount of 150 mg.kg-1 (E1) and 450 mg.kg-1 (E2) was added into feed mixtures for experimental groups. During whole period of refrigerated storage were higher values of MDA determined in control group compare to experimental groups. The higher average MDA value determined in breast muscels of broiler chicken hybrid combination Hubbard JV was in samples of control group (0.157 mg.kg-1) compared to experimental groups E1 (0.140 mg.kg-1) and E2 (0.130 mg.kg-1) after 6-month of refrigerated storage. Significantly higher values of MDA were determined in control group compare to second experimental group from fourth month to the end of storage. The significantly lower value of MDA was determinated in first experimental group compare to control only at 6 month of storage. Trend of thigh muscle oxidation stability of chicken hybrid combination Hubbard JV was during 6 months of refrigerated storage similar than in breast muscle. The higher average MDA value determined in thigh muscels was in samples of control group (0.170 mg.kg-1) compared to experimental groups E1 (0.150 mg.kg-1) and E2 (0.139 mg.kg-1) after 6-month of refrigerated storage. Significantly higher values of MDA were determined in control group compare to second experimental group from fourth month to the end of storage. Higher amount of MDA in thigh muscle compare to breast muscle is due to by higher amount of fat occurred in thigh muscle.
Potential probiotic properties of Lactobacilli isolated from goat´s milk
Authors: Tomáška Martin , Drončovský Maroš , Klapáčová Lýdia , Slottová Anna , Kološta Miroslav 
Published: May 2015

The three strains of lactobacilli isolated from goat's milk - Lactobacillus (Lbc.) casei 21L10, Lbc. johnsonii KB2-1 and Lbc. plantarum 25/1L were selected in previous studies because they showed good processing and protective properties in production of cheeses or lactic acid beverages from heat-treated milk or in model conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate their potential probiotic properties: resistance to lysozyme, survival in gastrointestinal tract, and hydrophobicity. Testing was carried out in vitro methods: comparison of growth and metabolic characteristics of the strains when cultivated in Man, Rogosa and Sharpe medium with and without the addition of lysozyme (400 mg.mL-1); viability of strains after incubation in simulated environment of gastric juice (pH = 2.0, pepsin) and subsequently in simulated small intestinal juice (pH = 8.0, pancreatin, bile salts) and an ability to adhere to the non-polar solvent in the two-phase system: xylene-water. Lbc. casei 21L10 and Lbc. johnsonii KB2-1 were resistant to the effect of lysozyme, the strain Lbc. plantarum 25/1L was moderately susceptible. To the action of simulated gastric juice was resistant only the Lbc. johnsonii KB2-1, that was subsequently inhibited in simulated small intestinal juice. When using xylene as a model agent, all strains were not hydrophobic. From all the tested strains, Lbc. johnsonii KB2-1 showed good potential probiotic properties, particularly in relation to resistance to lysozyme and the simulated environment of gastric juice.
The bacteriological quality of goat and ovine milk
Authors: Bogdanovičová Kateřina , Skočková Alena , Šťástková Zora , Koláčková Ivana , Karpí­šková Renáta 
Published: May 2015

This study concentrates on information concerning the microbiological hazards that can be present in raw milk from animal species other than cows. A total of 54 (23 of ovine and 31 of goat) bulk tank milk samples from 10 farms in the Czech Republic were collected in years 2013 - 2014. The sampling was done at regular time intervals during the whole year, with five to eight samples collected from each of the 10 dairy farms involved in the study. All milk samples were collected into sterile sampling bottles and transported in a cooler sampling case to the laboratory for immediate examination. Farms were randomly selected to cover the whole area of the Czech Republic. The prevalence and characteristic of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Listeria monocytogenes was studied. Raw cow's milk can be contaminated by E. coli intramammarily during clinical or subclinical mastitis and either directly through animal feces or indirectly during milk collection through farm employees or the milking equipment. E. coli was detected in 90.3% of the goat milk and 95.7% of the ovine milk samples. The genes encoding Shiga toxins 1 and 2- (stx1, stx2) were not detected and no STEC was identified. The Eae was the detected in 3 (4.6%) isolates. S. aureus was detected in 9 (29.0%) samples of goat milk and 8 (34.8%) samples of ovine milk. A total 12 (57.1%) enterotoxin positive S. aureus were obtained; 6 (28.6%) were positive for the production of sec encoding enterotoxin SEC; in 4 (19.0%) isolates the gene seh was detected; 2 (9.5%) isolates were proven positive for seg (4.8%) and combination seg and sei (4.8%). The presence of MRSA was not detected in the tested samples in our study. L. monocytogenes was detected in 1 (3.2%) samples of goat milk and 1 (4.3%) samples of ovine milk. The serotype (1/2a, 1/2b) was detected in our study. Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. were not isolated from any of the samples. These results form the basis for determining the microbiological quality standards for goat and ovine milk.
Changing Islamism
Authors: TIBI BASSAM 
Published: May 2015

AbstractScholars, and in general writers, who critically study the politicization of religion characteristic of Islamism, are often accused of essentializing Islam. This is so, even though they are describing a process of change. Yet essentialism “precludes an investigation of change … in the name of natural and fixed characteristics” (Howarth 2010, 457). The present article argues that both Islam and Islamism are open to change. I begin with a description of the method by which such change may be identified. I then explain the way in which the argument fits with two articles previously published in Soundings, before proceeding to outline the kind of change Islamism represents and the meaning of recent changes in the program of some Islamist groups.
Meir Kahane and Contemporary Jewish Theology of Revenge
Authors: AFTERMAN ADAM , AFTERMAN GEDALIAH 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe article analyzes a relatively unknown, yet influential, contemporary fundamentalist theology of revenge as put forward in the religious writings of Meir Kahane (1932–1990), the notorious militant nationalist. We seek to provide a theological context for this militancy, so as to display the motivational logic behind this troubling trend in Jewish thought and practice. While the doctrine itself has emerged only quite recently, it draws on theological ideas that reach back to the medieval period. In the article we outline the early sources and discussions (Biblical, Rabbinic, medieval, etc.) that constitute the background of Kahane's radical theology of revenge.
O benefício da dança sênior em relação ao equilíbrio e às atividades de vida diárias no idoso
Authors: Silva Aline Felipe Gomes da , Berbel Andréa Marques 
Published: May 2015

Introdução: Com a chegada da velhice, ocorrem mudanças que determinam uma progressiva perda da capacidade de adaptação do indivíduo, resultando em dificuldades para manter o equilíbrio ao realizar suas atividades de vida diárias, dificultando a convivência na sociedade. A dança, por sua vez, proporciona a melhora da capacidade funcional e dos benefícios psicológicos. Objetivo: Avaliar o benefício da dança sênior em relação ao equilíbrio e às atividades de vida diárias no idoso. Métodos: Participaram do grupo de dança sênior 19 idosos entre 60 a 85 anos, que responderam as escalas de equilíbrio de Berg e de atividades de vida diárias de Lawton. A dança sênior foi aplicada duas vezes por semana, durante três meses e, ao final desse período, foram refeitas as duas escalas citadas. Resultados: A partir dos achados deste estudo, foi possível identificar que a prática de dança sênior trouxe melhora do equilíbrio e das atividades de vida diárias. Considerando que o equilíbrio e o risco de queda avaliados pela escala de Berg resultaram em avanços, mostrando um valor estatístico significativo de p=0,001 referente à independência nas atividades de vida diárias avaliadas pela escala de Lawton, observou-se o resultado de aperfeiçoamento com p=0,001. Conclusão: A dança sênior demonstrou ser benéfica em relação ao equilíbrio e às atividades de vida diárias no idoso.
Perfil de recém-nascidos pré-termo internados na unidade de terapia intensiva de hospital de alta complexidade
Authors: Oliveira Caroline De Sousa , Casagrande Gabriela Ay , Grecco Luanda Collange , Golin Marina Ortega 
Published: May 2015

Introdução: A pesquisa epidemiológica consiste em alicerce para avanços nos cuidados da saúde. Nacionalmente, os estudos sobre caracterização de diferentes populações não são frequentes, principalmente no que concerne aos recém-nascidos pré-termo (RNPT). Objetivo: Caracterizar RNPT atendidos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) Neonatal do Hospital Estadual Mário Covas de Santo André (SP) pelo delineamento gestacional, perinatal e período de internação. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal descritivo. Foram analisados 218 prontuários de todos os pacientes atendidos pelo serviço de fisioterapia no período de 2008 a 2011 e, então, delimitada a amostra consecutiva com 81 deles, que seguiram os critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Os dados foram organizados e tabulados pelo programa SPSS v.17.0. O teste do χ2 foi utilizado para comparar as frequências de complicações neonatais. Resultados: As genitoras tinham idade média de 25,7 anos; destas, 68,6% realizaram pré-natal. As intercorrências gestacionais foram observadas em 37,3% (as infecções do trato urinário foram as mais comuns, em 28%). A média do peso ao nascimento foi 1.478,6 g, e a de idade gestacional, de 30,8 semanas. O tempo médio de internação dos RNPT foi de 36 dias. As patologias respiratórias ocorreram em 93,8%, sendo o desconforto respiratório precoce a mais comum (95,2%). RNPT que necessitaram de ventilação mecânica foram 97,6% e as patologias neurológicas foram menos frequentes (9,87%). Conclusão: As complicações respiratórias foram frequentes nessa população e associadas significantemente com idade gestacional inferior a 32 semanas. Longos períodos de internação após o nascimento estão intimamente relacionados com baixo peso e idade gestacional ao nascimento.
Prevalência e fatores associados ao doping cosmético entre frequentadores de academias
Authors: Lima-Oliveira Jhonatan , Schwingel Paulo Adriano 
Published: May 2015

Introdução: O crescente culto ao corpo na sociedade atual tem levado diversos frequentadores de academia à prática sistemática de injetar óleos por via intramuscular, procedimento denominado doping cosmético. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência de doping cosmético na região do Vale do São Francisco, buscando estabelecer os perfis sociodemográfico e clínico desse grupo de indivíduos. Relato de caso: Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e documental, com análise dos registros de 346 frequentadores de academias de ginástica, dos quais sete relataram utilização de doping cosmético. Destes registros, foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, cineantropométricos, hemodinâmicos, história patológica pessoal e familiar pregressa e de consumo de drogas lícitas e ilícitas. A prevalência de doping cosmético foi 2,0% (IC95% 0,8–4,1), e a maioria dos usuários são adultos jovens com segundo grau completo, trabalhadores de classe média, sendo considerados ativos com baixo percentual de gordura. Eles utilizam suplementos alimentares, esteroides anabolizantes e outras drogas ilícitas. Conclusão: Os achados contribuem na determinação do perfil dessa população, demonstrando que os usuários de doping cosmético são adultos jovens preocupados com a estética corporal. As características sociodemográficas encontradas diferem de estudos prévios quanto ao nível de escolaridade, renda e ocupação. Nesse sentido, ações voltadas para a conscientização dessa população quanto aos riscos e perigos da utilização do doping cosmético devem ser apoiadas o mais breve possível.