bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 9p21.3 risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is explained by a rare high-impact variant in CDKN2A
Authors: Vijayakrishnan Jayaram , Henrion Marc , Moorman Anthony V. , Fiege Bettina , Kumar Rajiv , Inacio da Silva Filho Miguel , Holroyd Amy , Koehler Rolf , Thomsen Hauke , Irving Julie A. , Allan James M. , Lightfoot Tracy , Roman Eve , Kinsey Sally E. , Sheridan Eamonn , Thompson Pamela D. , Hoffmann Per , Nöthen Markus M. , Mühleisen Thomas W. , Eisele Lewin , Bartram Claus R. , Schrappe Martin , Greaves Mel , Hemminki Kari , Harrison Christine J. , Stanulla Martin , Houlston Richard S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractGenome-wide association studies (GWAS) have provided strong evidence for inherited predisposition to childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) identifying a number of risk loci. We have previously shown common SNPs at 9p21.3 influence ALL risk. These SNP associations are generally not themselves candidates for causality, but simply act as markers for functional variants. By means of imputation of GWAS data and subsequent validation SNP genotyping totalling 2,177 ALL cases and 8,240 controls, we have shown that the 9p21.3 association can be ascribed to the rare high-impactCDKN2Ap.Ala148Thr variant (rs3731249; Odds ratio = 2.42,P = 3.45 × 10−19). The association between rs3731249 genotype and risk was not specific to particular subtype of B-cell ALL. The rs3731249 variant is associated with predominant nuclear localisation of theCDKN2Atranscript suggesting the functional effect of p.Ala148Thr on ALL risk may be through compromised ability to inhibit cyclin D within the cytoplasm.
A combined experimental-numerical approach for determining mechanical properties of aluminum subjects to nanoindentation
Authors: Liu Mao , Lu Cheng , Tieu Kiet Anh , Peng Ching-Tun , Kong Charlie 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM) model has been developed to investigate the mechanical properties and micro-texture evolution of single-crystal aluminum induced by a sharp Berkovich indenter. The load-displacement curves, pile-up patterns and lattice rotation angles from simulation are consistent with the experimental results. The pile-up phenomenon and lattice rotation have been discussed based on the theory of crystal plasticity. In addition, a polycrystal tensile CPFEM model has been established to explore the relationship between indentation hardness and yield stress. The elastic constraint factor C is slightly larger than conventional value 3 due to the strain hardening.
Water adsorption on TiO2 surfaces probed by soft X-ray spectroscopies: bulk materials vs. isolated nanoparticles
Authors: Benkoula Safia , Sublemontier Olivier , Patanen Minna , Nicolas Christophe , Sirotti Fausto , Naitabdi Ahmed , Gaie-Levrel François , Antonsson Egill , Aureau Damien , Ouf François-Xavier , Wada Shin-Ichi , Etcheberry Arnaud , Ueda Kiyoshi , Miron Catalin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe describe an experimental method to probe the adsorption of water at the surface of isolated, substrate-free TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) based on soft X-ray spectroscopy in the gas phase using synchrotron radiation. To understand the interfacial properties between water and TiO2 surface, a water shell was adsorbed at the surface of TiO2 NPs. We used two different ways to control the hydration level of the NPs: in the first scheme, initially solvated NPs were dried and in the second one, dry NPs generated thanks to a commercial aerosol generator were exposed to water vapor. XPS was used to identify the signature of the water layer shell on the surface of the free TiO2 NPs and made it possible to follow the evolution of their hydration state. The results obtained allow the establishment of a qualitative determination of isolated NPs’ surface states, as well as to unravel water adsorption mechanisms. This method appears to be a unique approach to investigate the interface between an isolated nano-object and a solvent over-layer, paving the way towards new investigation methods in heterogeneous catalysis on nanomaterials.
Width-controlled M-type hexagonal strontium ferrite (SrFe12O19) nanoribbons with high saturation magnetization and superior coercivity synthesized by electrospinning
Authors: Jing Panpan , Du Jinlu , Wang Jianbo , wei Jinwu , Pan Lining , Li Jianan , Liu Qingfang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWidth-controlled M-type hexagonal SrFe12O19 nanoribbons were synthesized for the first time via polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) sol assisted electrospinning followed by heat treatment in air and their chemical composition, microstructure and magnetic performance were investigated. Results demonstrated that as-obtained SrFe12O19 nanoribbons were well-crystallized with high purity. Each nanoribbon was self-assembled by abundant single-domain SrFe12O19 nanoparticles and was consecutive on structure and uniform on width. PVP in the spinning solution played a significant influence on the microstructure features of SrFe12O19 nanoribbons. With PVP concentration increasing, the ribbon-width was increased but the particle-size was reduced, which distributed on a same ribbon were more intensive and then the ribbon-surface became flat. The room temperature magnetic performance investigation revealed that considerable large saturation magnetization (Ms) and coercivity (Hc) were obtained for all SrFe12O19 nanoribbons and they increased with the ribbon-width broadening. The highest Ms of 67.9 emu·g−1 and Hc of 7.31 kOe were concurrently acquired for SrFe12O19 nanoribbons with the maximum ribbon-width. Finally, the Stoner-Wohlfarth curling model was suggested to dominate the magnetization reverse of SrFe12O19 nanoribbons. It is deeply expected that this work is capable of opening up a new insights into the architectural design of 1D magnetic materials and their further utilization.
Impacts of wind stilling on solar radiation variability in China
Authors: Lin Changgui , Yang Kun , Huang Jianping , Tang Wenjun , Qin Jun , Niu Xiaolei , Chen Yingying , Chen Deliang , Lu Ning , Fu Rong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSolar dimming and wind stilling (slowdown) are two outstanding climate changes occurred in China over the last four decades. The wind stilling may have suppressed the dispersion of aerosols and amplified the impact of aerosol emission on solar dimming. However, there is a lack of long-term aerosol monitoring and associated study in China to confirm this hypothesis. Here, long-term meteorological data at weather stations combined with short-term aerosol data were used to assess this hypothesis. It was found that surface solar radiation (SSR) decreased considerably with wind stilling in heavily polluted regions at a daily scale, indicating that wind stilling can considerably amplify the aerosol extinction effect on SSR. A threshold value of 3.5 m/s for wind speed is required to effectively reduce aerosols concentration. From this SSR dependence on wind speed, we further derived proxies to quantify aerosol emission and wind stilling amplification effects on SSR variations at a decadal scale. The results show that aerosol emission accounted for approximately 20% of the typical solar dimming in China, which was amplified by approximately 20% by wind stilling.
A Simple Approach to Characterize Gas-Aqueous Liquid Two-phase Flow Configuration Based on Discrete Solid-Liquid Contact Electrification
Authors: Choi Dongwhi , Lee Donghyeon , Sung Kim Dong 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this study, we first suggest a simple approach to characterize configuration of gas-aqueous liquid two–phase flow based on discrete solid-liquid contact electrification, which is a newly defined concept as a sequential process of solid-liquid contact and successive detachment of the contact liquid from the solid surface. This approach exhibits several advantages such as simple operation, precise measurement and cost-effectiveness. By using electric potential that is spontaneously generated by discrete solid–liquid contact electrification, the configurations of the gas-aqueous liquid two-phase flow such as size of a gas slug and flow rate are precisely characterized. According to the experimental and numerical analyses on parameters that affect electric potential, gas slugs have been verified to behave similarly to point electric charges when the measuring point of the electric potential is far enough from the gas slug. In addition, the configuration of the gas-aqueous liquid two-phase microfluidic system with multiple gas slugs is also characterized by using the presented approach. For a proof-of-concept demonstration of using the proposed approach in a self-triggered sensor, a gas slug detector with a counter system is developed to show its practicality and applicability.
Phylogenetic and genomic diversity in isolates from the globally distributed Acinetobacter baumannii ST25 lineage
Authors: Sahl Jason W. , Del Franco Mariateresa , Pournaras Spyros , Colman Rebecca E. , Karah Nabil , Dijkshoorn Lenie , Zarrilli Raffaele 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAcinetobacter baumanniiis a globally distributed nosocomial pathogen that has gained interest due to its resistance to most currently used antimicrobials. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetics has begun to reveal the global genetic diversity of this pathogen. The evolution ofA. baumanniihas largely been defined by recombination, punctuated by the emergence and proliferation of defined clonal lineages. In this study we sequenced seven genomes from the sequence type (ST)25 lineage and compared them to 12 ST25 genomes deposited in public databases. A recombination analysis identified multiple genomic regions that are homoplasious in the ST25 phylogeny, indicating active or historical recombination. Genes associated with antimicrobial resistance were differentially distributed between ST25 genomes, which matched our laboratory-based antimicrobial susceptibility typing. Differences were also observed in biofilm formation between ST25 isolates, which were demonstrated to produce significantly more extensive biofilm than an isolate from the ST1 clonal lineage. These results demonstrate that withinA. baumannii, even a fairly recently derived monophyletic lineage can still exhibit significant genotypic and phenotypic diversity. These results have implications for associating outbreaks with sequence typing as well as understanding mechanisms behind the global propagation of successfulA. baumanniilineages.
Irrigation depth far exceeds water uptake depth in an oasis cropland in the middle reaches of Heihe River Basin
Authors: Yang Bin , Wen Xuefa , Sun Xiaomin 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAgricultural irrigation in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin consumes approximately 80% of the total river water. Whether the irrigation depth matches the water uptake depth of crops is one of the most important factors affecting the efficiency of irrigation water use. Our results indicated that the influence of plastic film on soil water δ18O was restricted to 0–30 cm soil depth. Based on a Bayesian model (MixSIR), we found that irrigated maize acquired water preferentially from 0–10 cm soil layer, with a median uptake proportion of 87 ± 15%. Additionally, maize utilised a mixture of irrigation and shallow soil water instead of absorbing the irrigation water directly. However, only 24.7 ± 5.5% of irrigation water remained in 0–10 cm soil layer, whereas 29.5 ± 2.8% and 38.4 ± 3.3% of the irrigation water infiltrated into 10–40 cm and 40–80 cm layers. During the 4 irrigation events, approximately 39% of the irrigation and rainwater infiltrated into soil layers below 80 cm. Reducing irrigation amount and developing water-saving irrigation methods will be important strategies for improving the efficiency of irrigation water use in this area.
Amino Acid Carbamates As Prodrugs Of Resveratrol
Authors: Mattarei Andrea , Azzolini Michele , La Spina Martina , Zoratti Mario , Paradisi Cristina , Biasutto Lucia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractResveratrol (3, 5, 4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene), a plant polyphenol, has important drug-like properties, but its pharmacological exploitation in vivo is hindered by its rapid transformation via phase II conjugative metabolism. One approach to bypass this problem relies on prodrugs. We report here the synthesis, characterization, stability and in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviour of prodrugs of resveratrol in which the OH groups are engaged in an N-monosubstituted carbamate ester (-OC(O)NHR) linkage with a natural amino acid (Leu, Ile, Phe, Thr) to prevent conjugation and modulate the physicochemical properties of the molecule. We also report a convenient, high-yield protocol to obtain derivatives of this type. The new carbamate ester derivatives are stable at pH 1, while they undergo slow hydrolysis at physiological pH and hydrolyse with kinetics suitable for use in prodrugs in whole blood. After administration to rats by oral gavage the isoleucine-containing prodrug was significantly absorbed and was present in the bloodstream as non-metabolized unaltered or partially deprotected species, demonstrating effective shielding from first-pass metabolism. We conclude that prodrugs based on the N-monosubstituted carbamate ester bond have the appropriate stability profile for the systemic delivery of phenolic compounds.
Epigenetic silencing of the MUPCDH gene as a possible prognostic biomarker for cyst growth in ADPKD
Authors: Woo Yu Mi , Shin Yubin , Hwang Jung-Ah , Hwang Young-Hwan , Lee Sunyoung , Park Eun Young , Kong Hyun Kyung , Park Hayne Cho , Lee Yeon-Su , Park Jong Hoon 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAlthough autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common genetic disease and is characterized by the formation of multiple fluid-filled cysts, which results in renal failure, early diagnosis and treatment of ADPKD have yet to be defined. Herein, we observed that the promoter region of the gene encoding mucin-like protocadherin (MUPCDH) was hypermethylated in the renal tissue of patients with ADPKD compared to non-ADPKD controls. Inversely, MUPCDH was significantly repressed in ADPKD, especially in cyst-lining cells. Our results indicate that aberrant methylation of MUPCDH promoter CpG islands may be negatively correlated with reduced expression level of MUPCDH and that this contributes to abnormal cell proliferation in ADPKD. It suggests that methylation status of MUPCDH promoter can be used as a novel epigenetic biomarker and a therapeutic target in ADPKD.
Zero‐current switching method for dc–dc buck converter in portable application
Authors: Zhang Haozhou , Zhao Menglian , Wu Xiaobo 
Published: October 2015

A novel zero‐current switching (ZCS) method for dc–dc buck converter is proposed. Instead of a conventional high precision and high speed comparator, a comparator with adaptive offset is designed here. By detecting the conduction of parasitic body diode after low‐side power transistor turned off, the offset is automatically adjusted to achieve ZCS. Thus the delay and offset of comparator are no longer an obstacle in circuit design and the measurement results show that the turned‐off inductor current is <10 mA, 1% of the peak value of inductor current and its power consumption is no larger than traditional ones.
Low‐profile omnidirectional antenna for automatic dependent surveillance – broadcast applications
Authors: Yan Sen , Wang Xusheng , Hu Ye , Vandenbosch Guy A.E. 
Published: October 2015

A low‐profile omnidirectional patch antenna operating in the dependent surveillance – broadcast band is designed for unmanned aerial vehicles. The antenna works at zero‐order resonance mode and has an omnidirectional radiation pattern. By loading with vias and double split ring resonator slots, a compact size (0.218 × 0.218 × 0.031 λ03) is achieved at 1.09 GHz. The antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones. A 20 MHz bandwidth is obtained.
Full Ka‐band right‐angle transition from substrate integrated waveguide to air‐filled rectangular waveguide
Authors: Dong Jun , Yang Ziqiang , Peng Hao , Yang Tao 
Published: October 2015

A full Ka‐band right‐angle transition from a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) to an air‐filled rectangular waveguide is proposed. A two‐step ridged waveguide and the SIW with an etched slot are jointly designed to obtain a better electric field and impedance matching between the SIW and the air‐filled rectangular waveguide. To verify the method, a back‐to‐back transition prototype at Ka‐band is designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the insertion loss of a single transition is <0.55 dB over the entire Ka‐band from 26.5 to 40 GHz. Moreover, the 15 dB fractional bandwidth is increased from 25.7 to 40.9% compared with conventional right‐angle SIW‐to‐waveguide transition. This broadband transition can be a good candidate for broadband millimetre‐wave applications.
Circuit breaker condition assessment through a fuzzy‐probabilistic analysis of actuating coil's current
Authors: Razi‐Kazemi Ali Asghar 
Published: October 2015

Circuit breaker (CB) is a component providing significant electrical protection for power transmission and distribution systems. Hence, an effective condition monitoring system for the CBs is of imminent importance. This study presents a fuzzy‐probabilistic‐based condition assessment algorithm to assess the CB operation performance by monitoring its trip/close coil current (C.C.), and suggests a simple yet effective condition assessment tool. The C.C. patterns are acquired by measurements carried out on 60 CBs (72.5 kV, SF6) under faulty and normal conditions. To intelligently assess the CB's operating state (i.e. normal, alarm and emergency), in terms of its reliability, the optimum C.C. features with minimum interdependence were obtained. Furthermore, a fuzzy‐probabilistic method is proposed based on the results of the statistical analyses of the features. The feasibility and applicability of the proposed method in CB condition assessment is verified against the experimental measured data.
Socrates, the primary question, and the unity of virtue
Authors: Clark Justin C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFor Socrates, the virtues are a kind of knowledge, and the virtues form a unity. Sometimes, Socrates suggests that the virtues are all ‘one and the same’ thing. Other times, he suggests they are ‘parts of a single whole.’ I argue that (i) the ‘what is x?’ question is sophisticated, it gives rise to two distinct kinds of investigations into virtue, a conceptual investigation into the ousia and a psychological investigation into the dunamis, (ii) Plato recognized the difference between definitional accounts of the ousia and a psychological accounts of the dunamis, and (iii) the distinction between these two investigations can effectively resolve various interpretive puzzles regarding the unity of the virtues. It is argued that the virtues are ‘one and the same’ psychologically, while they are ‘parts of a single whole’ conceptually.
Reducing discards in a temperate prawn trawl fishery: a collaborative approach to bycatch research in South Australia
Authors: Gorman Daniel , Dixon Cameron 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We present the outcomes of a collaborative research programme tasked with reducing bycatch, and thus discards in a temperate Australian prawn trawl fishery. Sea trials in the Gulf of St Vincent, South Australia, assessed the performance of a modified trawlnet that incorporated a rigid polyethylene grid and a T90-mesh codend. Compared with conventional designs, the modified net yielded marked reductions in bycatch (cumulatively &gt;81% by weight), with pronounced decreases in sponge (92%), elasmobranchs (80%), teleost fish (71%), molluscs (61%), and crustaceans (78%). Using commercial logbook data, we estimate that the use of modified nets could reduce discards by ∼240 tons per year. This outcome was achieved with moderate declines in the catch rate (kg h−1) of the target species, Western King Prawn (mean ∼15%), of which almost all were small adults of low commercial value. Adoption of the modified net by industry was realized in March 2012, because it met environmental objectives (i.e. reducing bycatch and improving public perceptions of sustainability), reduced prawn damage, demonstrated commensurate financial returns, and engaged stakeholders throughout the development process. Overall, the project provides a useful example of bycatch research with demonstrable outcomes of improving the ecological and economic sustainability of prawn harvests.
Constraints on the minor merging and star formation history of the Wolf–Rayet galaxy NGC 5430 through observations
Authors: Pan Hsi-An , Kuno Nario , Sorai Kazuo , Umei Michiko 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
We used multi-wavelength analysis of the newly observed molecular gas [12CO and 13CO(1–0)] with interferometer CARMA and archival star formation tracers to constrain the interaction, merging, and star formation history of an off-center minor merger, a three-spiral barred galaxy NGC 5430 and its satellite embedded in the bar. Morphology of the molecular gas in the bar of NGC 5430 shows minimal signs of recent interactions with our resolution. The apparent morphological remnant of the past galaxy interaction is an asymmetric spiral arm, containing more molecular gas and exhibiting higher star formation rate (SFR) surface density than the two primary arms. Rotation curve analysis suggests that NGC 5430 collided with its satellite several Gyr ago. History of star formation was constrained by using SFRs that trace different timescales (infrared, radio continuum, and Hα). The collision occurred 5–10 Myr ago, triggering a transient off-center starburst of Wolf–Rayet stars at the eastern bar end. In the past, the global SFR during the Wolf–Rayet starburst peaked at 35 M⊙ yr−1. At present, the merger-driven starburst is rapidly decaying and the current global SFR has decreased to the Galactic value. The SFR will continue to decay as suggested by the present amount of dense gas [traced by HCN(1–0)]. Nonetheless, the global SFR is still dominated by the Wolf–Rayet region rather than the circumnuclear region. Compared with other barred galaxies, the circumnuclear region exhibits a particularly low dense gas fraction, low star formation activity, and high concentration of gas. Physical properties of the molecular gas are inferred by using the large velocity gradient calculations. The initial mass ratio of NGC 5430 to its satellite is suggested to be in an intermediate ratio range of 7:1–20:1.
1SWASP J075102.16+342405.3: A deep overcontact binary system with a period under the short period cut-off
Authors: Jiang Linqiao , Qian Sheng-Bang , Zhang Jia , Liu Nianping 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
New photometry of two different seasons for the extremely short period eclipsing binary 1SWASP J075102.16+342405.3 were performed. The two sets of derived light curves show a large difference in their shape, i.e., the 2013 light curves show big asymmetry, whereas the 2014 light curve is almost symmetric. All light curves were analysed using the 2013 version of the Wilson–Devinney (W-D) code. The obtained solutions show that 1SWASP J075102.16+342405.3 is of the A subtype W UMa contact system with an extremely high fill-out of f ≈ 96% and a high mass ratio of 0.70–0.78. Furthermore, a third light contributing to the total flux of the system was found. All these properties make the system a very special short-period source. The analysis of the 2013 light curves proved that the changes in the light curve shape are caused by magnetic activities. By means of all available times of minimum light, the variation of the orbital period was studied. It was found that the O − C diagram implies an increasing orbital period over a time span of eight years, which may be caused by the mass transfer from the less massive component to the more massive one; however, we are more inclined to say that it is only a part of a long period cyclic variation which can be explained by the light-travel time effect (LTTE) via the third body.