bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global changes of miRNA expression indicates an increased reprogramming efficiency of induced mammary epithelial cells by repression of miR-222-3p in fibroblasts
Authors: Liu Mingxing , Liu Siyi , Qin Liangshan , Lv Danwei , Wang Guodong , Liu Quanhui , Huang Ben , Zhang Dandan 
Published: July 2024

Background
Our previous studies have successfully reported the reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced mammary epithelial cells (iMECs). However, the regulatory relationships and functional roles of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in the progression of fibroblasts achieving the cell fate of iMECs are insufficiently understood.

Methods
First, we performed pre-and post-induction miRNAs sequencing analysis by using high-throughput sequencing. Following that, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment studies were used to determine the primary roles of the significantly distinct miRNAs and targeted genes. Finally, the effect of miR-222-3p on iMECs fate reprogramming in vitro by transfecting.

Results
As a result goat ear fibroblasts (GEFs) reprogramming into iMECs activates a regulatory program, involving 79 differentially expressed miRNAs. Besides, the programming process involved changes in multiple signaling pathways such as adherens junction, TGF-β signaling pathway, GnRH secretion and the prolactin signaling pathway, etc. Furthermore, it was discovered that the expression of miR-222-3p downregulation by miR-222-3p inhibitor significantly increase the reprogramming efficiency and promoted lipid accumulation of iMECs.
Estimation of reference evapotranspiration using some class-A pan evaporimeter pan coefficient estimation models in Mediterranean–Southeastern Anatolian transitional zone conditions of Turkey
Authors: Usta Selçuk 
Published: July 2024

Background
Reference evapotranspiration (ETo), which is used as the basic data in many studies within the scope of hydrology, meteorology, irrigation and soil sciences, can be estimated by using the evaporation (Epan) measured from the class-A pan evaporimeter. However, this method requires reliable pan coefficients (Kp). Many empirical models are used to estimate Kp coefficients. The reliability of these models varies depending on climatic and environmental conditions. Therefore, they need to be tested in the local conditions where they will be used. In this study, conducted in Kahramanmaraş, which has a semi-arid Mediterranean climate in Turkey during the July–October periods of 2020 and 2021, aimed to determine the usability levels of six Kp models in estimating daily and monthly average ETo.

Methods
The Kp coefficients estimated by the models were multiplied with the daily Epan values, and the daily average ETo values were estimated on the basis of the model. The daily Epan values were measured using an ultrasonic sensor sensitive to the water surface placed on the class-A pan evaporimeter. The ultrasonic sensor was managed by a programmable logic controller (PLC). To enable the sensor to be managed by PLC, a software was prepared using the CODESYS programming language and uploaded to the PLC. The daily average ETo values determined by the FAO-56 Penman–Monteith equation were accepted as actual values. The ETo values estimated by the Kp models were compared with the actual ETo values using the mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE) and determination coefficient (R2) statistical approaches.

Results
The Wahed & Snyder outperformed the other models in estimating daily (MAE = 0.78 mm day−1, MAPE = 14.40%, RMSE = 0.97 mm day−1, R2 = 0.82) and monthly (MAE = 0.32 mm day−1, MAPE = 5.88%, RMSE = 0.32 mm day−1, R2 = 0.99) average ETo. FAO-56 showed the nearest performance to Wahed & Snyder. The Snyder model presented the worst performance in estimating daily (MAE = 2.09 mm day−1, MAPE = 37.53%, RMSE = 2.36 mm day−1, R2 = 0.82) and monthly (MAE = 1.83 mm day−1, MAPE = 31.82%, RMSE = 1.87 mm day−1, R2 = 0.99) average ETo. It has been concluded that none of the six Kp models can be used to estimate the daily ETo in Kahramanmaraş located in the Mediterranean–Southeastern Anatolian transitional zone, and only Wahed & Snyder and FAO-56 can be used to estimate the monthly ETo without calibration.
Whole-brain radiation therapy plus simultaneous integrated boost for brain metastases from breast cancers
Authors: Zhang Hongyan , Wu Qiuji , Li Li , Wang Linwei , Zhong Yahua 
Published: July 2024

Background
The effect of whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) plus simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) in brain metastasis from breast cancers has not been demonstrated.

Method
In this single-center retrospective study, we reviewed consecutive breast cancer patients who developed brain metastasis and were treated with hypofractionated radiation therapy plus WBRT using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)-SIB approaches. We analyzed clinical outcomes, prognostic factors and patterns of treatment failure.

Result
A total of 27 patients were eligible for analysis. Four (14.8%) patients achieved clinical complete response and 14 (51.9%) had partial response of brain lesions. The other nine patients were not evaluated for brain tumor response. The median brain progression-free survival was 8.60 (95% CI [6.43–13.33]) months and the median overall survival was 16.8 (95% CI [13.3–27.7]) months. Three patients had in-field failure, five had out-field failure and two had in-field and out-field failure.

Conclusion
WBRT plus SIB led to improved tumor control and clinical outcome in breast cancer patients with brain metastasis.
Microplastic from beach sediment to tissue: a case study on burrowing crab Dotilla blanfordi
Authors: Zala Hiralba , Rabari Vasantkumar , Patel Krupal , Patel Heris , Yadav Virendra Kumar , Patel Ashish , Sahoo Dipak Kumar , Trivedi Jigneshkumar 
Published: July 2024

Background
Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive pollutants in the marine environment, exhibiting persistence in coastal sediment over extended periods. However, the mechanism of their uptake by marine organisms and distribution in habitat is less understood. The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of MP contamination in burrow sediment, feeding pellets, and tissue of Dotilla blanfordi in the Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat State.

Methods
A total of 500 g of burrow sediment, 100 g of feeding pellets, and body tissue of 10 resident D. blanfordi were pooled as one replica. Such seven replicas from each site were analyzed for MP extraction from three sites, including Asharmata, Mandvi, and Serena, located in the Gulf of Kachchh. The standard protocol was used during the analysis of the collected samples in order to isolate MPs.

Results
The abundance of MP was found higher in burrow sediment, feeding pellets and tissue of D. blanfordi at study site Mandvi, followed by Serena and Asharmata. The abundance of MP was found higher in D. blanfordi tissue, followed by burrow sediment and feeding pellet. A significant variation was observed in MP abundance among burrow sediment, feeding pellets, and tissue. MPs with various shapes (fiber, film, and fragment), sizes (1–2, 2–3, 3–4, and 4–5 mm), and colors (blue, green, black, pink, purple, red transparent) were recorded from all the study sites. Polyurethane and polyvinyl chloride were recognized as the chemical profile of the extracted MPs. The current investigation revealed greater accumulation of MPs in D. blanfordi’s tissues compared to sediment and pellets, suggesting a risk of MP contamination in marine benthic fauna with a greater rate of bioaccumulation. D. blanfordi plays a significant role as a structuring agent for MP distribution in the intertidal flat through burrowing activity.
Exploring the Role of Chitosan: A Natural Solution for Plant Disease and Insect Management
Authors: Padamini Rajkumari , Bhumita Pukhram , Hazarika Sanjay , NM Ramesha , Gowda G R Vishwas , Chaturvedi Kushal , Panigrahi Chandan Kumar , Karanwal Rajshree 
Published: July 2024

Chitosan is an eco-friendly and multipurpose biopolymer that is obtained from the deacetylation of chitin. It is a polysaccharide with several uses. Chitosan is a useful option in phytopathology because of its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity. Two naturally occurring substances that may be used in agriculture to manage plant diseases are chitin and chitosan. It was found that these compounds are toxic and that they prevent the growth and development of fungi. According to reports, they were effective against viruses, bacteria, and other pests. When host plants are exposed to microbial infections, fragments of chitin and chitosan have been shown to elicit activities that trigger a range of defence responses, such as the accumulation of phytoalexins, pathogen-related (PR) proteins and proteinase inhibitors, lignin synthesis, and callose formation. Thus, the goal of this study is to give the reader current knowledge about the use of chitosan formulations as pest and diseases control tools as well as information about their potential uses.
Identifying Rare Variants Associated with Complex Traits via Sequencing
Authors: Li Bingshan , Liu Dajiang J. , Leal Suzanne M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAlthough genome‐wide association studies have been successful in detecting associations with common variants, there is currently an increasing interest in identifying low‐frequency and rare variants associated with complex traits. Next‐generation sequencing technologies make it feasible to survey the full spectrum of genetic variation in coding regions or the entire genome. The association analysis for rare variants is challenging, and traditional methods are ineffective, however, due to the low frequency of rare variants, coupled with allelic heterogeneity. Recently a battery of new statistical methods has been proposed for identifying rare variants associated with complex traits. These methods test for associations by aggregating multiple rare variants across a gene or a genomic region or among a group of variants in the genome. In this unit, we describe key concepts for rare variant association for complex traits, survey some of the recent methods, discuss their statistical power under various scenarios, and provide practical guidance on analyzing next‐generation sequencing data for identifying rare variants associated with complex traits. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 78:1.26.1‐1.26.22. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Gene Delivery to the Airway
Authors: Keiser Nicholas W. , Engelhardt John F. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis unit describes generation of and gene transfer to several commonly used airway models. Isolation and transduction of primary airway epithelial cells are first described. Next, the preparation of polarized airway epithelial monolayers is outlined. Transduction of these polarized cells is also described. Methods are presented for generation of tracheal xenografts, as well as both ex vivo and in vivo gene transfer to these xenografts. Finally, a method for in vivo gene delivery to the lungs of rodents is included. Methods for evaluating transgene expression are given in the support protocols. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet. 78:13.9.1‐13.9.41. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Polymer Brushes
Authors: Hadjesfandiari Narges , Bajgai Madhab P. , Yu Kai , Brooks Donald E. , Kizhakkedathu Jayachandran N. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPolymer brushes are monolayers of one‐end tethered polymer chains at high graft density on a surface. Owing to the steric interactions between the tethered polymer chains within the brush regime, this class of polymer thin films has unique properties compared to the conventional polymer thin films. Polymer brushes provide an elegant route for surface modification owing to their excellent mechanical stability as well as functional versatility. Among the polymer brush synthesis methods, surface‐initiated polymerization (SIP) offers a unique opportunity for the generation of high graft density polymer brushes. Combined with controlled/living polymerization, the SIP method revolutionized the polymer brush synthesis and allowed the tailoring of surface properties of these molecular thin films. The control of surface properties provided new ways to change wettability, lubrication, and the interaction of biological macromolecules/cells to surfaces and created new opportunities in the design of responsive surfaces, smart materials, biocompatible surfaces, and various biotechnology and nanotechnology applications. This field is rapidly emerging with wide range of applications in multiple research fields and is promoting cross‐disciplinary research.
Microfluidic Production of Micro‐ and Nanoparticles
Authors: Serra Christophe A. , Khan Ikram Ullah , Cortese Bruno , de Croon Mart H. J. M. , Hessel Volker , Ono Tsutomu , Anton Nicolas , Vandamme Thierry 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Polymeric micro‐ and nanoparticles have attracted a wide attention of researchers in various areas such as drug delivery, sensing, imaging, cosmetics, diagnostics, and biotechnology. However, processes with conventional equipment do not always allow a precise control of their morphology, size, size distribution, and composition. On the other hand, microreaction technology offers an improved control on the hydrodynamics, mass, and heat transfer, allowing the production of polymeric particles with better defined or new characteristics. Thus new horizons in polymer particle engineering arise from the use of microstructured or microfluidic devices. This article gives an insight into the latest developments and trends in the production of polymeric micro‐ and nanoparticles using microreaction technology directly from either monomers or polymer solutions.
Intelligent Cities and the Taxonomy of Cognitive Scales
Authors: Weinstock Michael , Gharleghi Mehran 
Published: July 2013

AbstractHere, Guest‐Editor Michael Weinstock with Mehran Gharleghi of the EmTech programme at the Architectural Association (AA) School of Architecture in London shift the definition of the intelligent city away from one that is predicated on information and communication technologies towards a deeper and more profound characterisation. They explore the possibilities of cognitive complexity in urbanism emerging out of the interaction of sensory processing and behavioural responses to the world. Within the context of large infrastructural systems, what might, for instance, rapidly developing machine consciousness have in common with collective intelligence? What could the preliminary conceptual schema be for an intelligent city that is sufficiently self‐aware to synchronise its systems with climatic and ecological phenomena at regional and local scales?
Darwin Among the Machines
Authors: Self Jack 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn the mid‐19th century, Samuel Butler in his article ‘Darwin among the Machines’ provided a theory for the iterative development of machines over time. Here, London‐based architect, theorist, editor and writer Jack Self casts ‘the modern city’ as ‘a multiplex superposition of network infrastructures’, defined by hierarchical systems of information and material exchange. He argues that current informational technologies have the power to conversely hyper‐centralise or hyper‐localise the city, thus either encouraging disengagement or nurturing engagement with the emergent social practices of the city's inhabitants.
Gold‐Catalyzed Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized 3,4‐Disubstituted Butyrolactams via Phosphatyloxy or Carbonate Double Migrations
Authors: Yang Weibo , Yu Yang , Zhang Tuo , Hansmann Max M. , Pflästerer Daniel , Hashmi A. Stephen K. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA gold‐catalyzed highly diastereoselective synthesis of functionalised 3,4‐disubstituted butyrolactams via phosphatyloxy or carbonate double migrations is reported, which is proposed to proceed by a tandem 1,3‐phosphatyloxy or carbonate migration and a “long‐range” 1,5‐phosphatyloxy or carbonate migration, which overall corresponds to a formal 1,6‐migration.
Arene CH Bond Functionalization Coupling with Cyclization of Allenes
Authors: Zeng Rong , Ye Juntao , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming 
Published: July 2013

AbstractUnder the catalysis of a rhodium(III) complex, the cyclization of 2,3‐allenols was most probably initiated with the CH bond functionalization of N‐methoxybenzamides using the tetramethylcyclopentadiene anion (C5Me4−) as ligand, affording differently substituted 2,5‐dihydrofuran derivatives. Highly efficient axial‐to‐central chirality transfer has been observed.
Technological Advances in Soybean Yields: A Disaggregated Approach
Authors: Sanders Dwight R. , Altman Ira J. , Ferraro Nick 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTIncreasing row crop productivity—as measured by yields per acre—is an important topic from a number of perspectives. On a global scale, increased output per unit of land is needed to meet growing world food demand. On a regional scale, investments in yield‐enhancing basic research need to result in improved yields for producers. In this research we set forth to quantify the impact of technology, precipitation, and temperature on soybean yields. Specifically, a disaggregated approach is used to model Illinois soybean yields across the nine state crop reporting districts. The results show that weather impacts are similar across the crop reporting districts; however, technology benefits accrue at statistically different rates across regions. The results provide no evidence that soybean yields in Illinois are plateauing [JEL Classifications: Q130, Q160, Q190].
Breaking the take home pesticide exposure pathway for agricultural families: Workplace predictors of residential contamination
Authors: Fenske Richard A. , Lu Chensheng , Negrete Maria , Galvin Kit 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundPesticides used in agriculture can be taken into worker homes and pose a potential risk for children and other family members. This study focused on identification of potential intervention points at the workplace.MethodsWorkers (N = 46) recruited from two tree fruit orchards in Washington State were administered a 63‐item pesticide safety questionnaire. Dust was collected from commuter vehicles and worker homes and analyzed for four organophosphorus (OP) pesticides (azinphosmethyl, phosmet, chlorpyrifos, malathion).ResultsGeometric mean azinphosmethyl concentrations in dust for three worker groups (16 pesticide handlers, 15 green fruit thinners, 15 organic orchard workers) ranged from 0.027–1.5 μg/g, with levels in vehicle dust higher than in house dust, and levels in house dust from handlers' homes higher than levels from tree fruit thinners' homes. Vehicle and house dust concentrations of azinphosmethyl were highly associated (R2 = 0.44, P < 0.001). Significant differences were found across worker groups for availability of laundry facilities, work boot storage, frequency of hand washing, commuter vehicle use, parking location, and safety training.ConclusionsThese findings support a focus on intervention activities to reduce take home pesticide exposure closer to the source of contamination; specifically, the workplace and vehicles used to travel to the workplace. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1063–1071, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐Dimensional Mapping of Archaeological and Sedimentary Deposits with Ground‐penetrating Radar at Saruq al‐Hadid, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Authors: Herrmann Jason T. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTA three‐dimensional model of aeolian deposits interleaved with layers of cultural materials was created from the results of a ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) survey at Saruq al Hadid, a multiperiod archaeological site located on the eastern fringe of the Rub al‐Khali desert in the United Arab Emirates. Results from this survey provide some context for artefacts collected in prior excavations and offer valuable insight into the physical processes that shaped the present manifestation of the site. Concentrations of artefacts within the dune deposits and the possible footprints of architectural installations have been located through the examination of two‐dimensional time slices and three‐dimensional depictions of isosurfaces. A three‐dimensional model of the dune interior, paired with absolute dates from related excavations, illustrates a history of occupation and sediment accumulation recorded at Saruq al‐Hadid that is consistent with chronologies of environmental change and settlement proposed elsewhere for the third through first millennia bce. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Joint Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Theoretical Study on the Electronic Structure of UCl5− and UCl5
Authors: Su Jing , Dau Phuong Diem , Xu Chao‐Fei , Huang Dao‐Ling , Liu Hong‐Tao , Wei Fan , Wang Lai‐Sheng , Li Jun 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe report a combined photoelectron spectroscopic and relativistic quantum chemistry study on gaseous UCl5− and UCl5. The UCl5− anion is produced using electrospray ionization and found to be highly electronically stable with an adiabatic electron binding energy of 4.76±0.03 eV, which also represents the electron affinity of the neutral UCl5 molecule. Theoretical investigations reveal that the ground state of UCl5− has an open shell with two unpaired electrons occupying two primarily U 5f and 5fxyz based molecular orbitals. The structures of both UCl5− and UCl5 are theoretically optimized and confirmed to have C4v symmetry. The computational results are in good agreement with the photoelectron spectra, providing insights into the electronic structures and valence molecular orbitals of UCl5− and UCl5. We also performed systematic theoretical studies on all the uranium pentahalide complexes UX5− (X=F, Cl, Br, I). Chemical bonding analyses indicate that the UX interactions in UX5− are dominated by ionic bonding, with increasing covalent contributions for the heavier halogen complexes.
Lötschberg Basistunnel
Authors: Teuscher Peter , Aeschbach Markus 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDer 34,6 km lange Lötschberg Basistunnel ist der erste Basistunnel der neuesten Tunnelgeneration durch die Alpen. Die Hauptbaulose begannen im Jahre 1999 und die Inbetriebnahme fand im Dezember 2007 statt. Das Tunnelsystem besteht aus zwei Tunnelröhren mit einem gegenseitigen Abstand von 40 m. Die Röhren sind alle 333 m durch einen Querschlag miteinander verbunden. Als Grundsatz für die Sicherheit gilt: Die eine Tunnelröhre ist die Schutzröhre der anderen. Es wird über das Baukonzept und die Besonderheiten in den einzelnen Baulosen berichtet. Vertieft werden die Gebirgsabdichtungsmaßnahmen im Baulos Ferden beschrieben. Bei 40°C warmem Wasser, das unter einem Druck von 110 bar stand, wurden aus Umweltschutzgründen insgesamt 172 Injektionsbohrungen mittels Preventer mit einer Gesamtlänge von 7700 m ausgeführt und 233 m3 Injektionsgut in die feinstverteilten Felsklüfte verpresst.Die Gesamtbaukosten für den Lötschberg Basistunnel betrugen 3490 Mio. CHF (Preisbasis 2008).Lötschberg base tunnelThe 34,6 km long Lötschberg base tunnel is the first base tunnel of the latest generation of tunnels through the Alps. The main construction contracts started in 1999 and the tunnels were commissioned at the end of 2007. The tunnel system comprises two tunnel tubes placed at a distance of 40 m. The tubes are connected with each other by cross tunnels at 333 m intervals. The following safety principle applies: each tunnel tube serves as safety route for the other tube. The article will cover a description of the construction concept and the special features of the different construction contracts, with special emphasis on the waterproofing measures at the Ferden construction section. For environmental protection reasons a total of 172 injection holes were drilled with a preventer using warm water at 40°C, at a pressure of 110 bar; the total length was 7,700 m into which 233 m3 of injection material was injected under pressure to fill even very minute fissures in the rock formation.The total construction cost of the Lötschberg base tunnel was CHF 3490 million (based on 2008 prices).