bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusual intracytoplasmic inclusions in acute myeloblastic leukemia
Authors: Wolf David J. , Fialk Mark A. , Mouradian Janet , Gottfried Eugene L. , Pasmantier Mark W. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractUnusual intracytoplasmic inclusions within early granulocyte precursor cells from a patient with acute myeloblasts leukemia (AML) are described. Based upon their staining characteristics and electron‐ and light‐microscopic appearance, the inclusions are distinctly different from any previously described. The inclusions display a variety of shapes, including rectangles, squares, circles, ovals, and irregular, globular forms. Most of the inclusions are refractile and crystal‐like. The possible composition of these inclusions is discussed. They are compared with inclusions previously described within leukemic and granulocytic cells.
Modern treatment of acute mesenteric ischaemia
Authors: Acosta S , Björck M 
Published: November 2013

Abstract

Background
Diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischaemia in the early stages is now possible with modern computed tomography (CT), using intravenous contrast enhancement and imaging in the arterial and/or portal venous phase. The availability of CT around the clock means that more patients with acute mesenteric ischaemia may be treated with urgent intestinal revascularization.

Methods
This was a review of modern treatment strategies for acute mesenteric ischaemia.

Results
Endovascular therapy has become an important alternative, especially in patients with acute thrombotic superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion, where the occlusive lesion can be recanalized either antegradely from the femoral or brachial artery, or retrogradely from an exposed SMA after laparotomy, and stented. Aspiration embolectomy, thrombolysis and open surgical embolectomy, followed by on-table angiography, are the treatment options for embolic SMA occlusion. Endovascular therapy may be an option in the few patients with mesenteric venous thrombosis who do not respond to anticoagulation therapy. Laparotomy is needed to evaluate the extent and severity of visceral organ ischaemia, which is treated according to the principles of damage control surgery.

Conclusion
Modern treatment of acute mesenteric ischaemia involves a specialized approach that considers surgical and, increasingly, endovascular options for best outcomes.
Simultaneous quantitative analysis of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan and chlorphenamine in human plasma by liquid chromatography–electrospray tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ding Ying , Huang Kai , Chen Lan , Yang Jie , Xu Wen‐Yan , Xu Xue‐Jiao , Duan Ru , Zhang Jing , He Qing 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTA sensitive and accurate HPLC‐MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of dextromethorphan, dextrorphan and chlorphenamine in human plasma. Three analytes were extracted from plasma by liquid–liquid extraction using ethyl acetate and separated on a Kromasil 60‐5CN column (3 µm, 2.1 × 150 mm) with mobile phase of acetonitrile–water (containing 0.1% formic acid; 50:50, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Quantification was performed on a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer in multiple reaction monitoring mode using positive electrospray ionization. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.01–5 ng/mL for dextromethorphan, 0.02–5 ng/mL for dextrorphan and 0.025–20 ng/mL for chlorphenamine. The lower limits of quantification for dextromethorphan, dextrorphan and chlorphenamine were 0.01, 0.02 and 0.025 ng/mL, respectively. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were within 11% and accuracies were in the range of 92.9–102.5%. All analytes were proved to be stable during sample storage, preparation and analytic procedures. This method was first applied to the pharmacokinetic study in healthy Chinese volunteers after a single oral dose of the formulation containing dextromethorphan hydrobromide (18 mg) and chlorpheniramine malaeate (8 mg). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐throughput salting‐out‐assisted homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction with acetonitrile for determination of baicalin in rat plasma with high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Li Tingting , Zhang Lei , Tong Ling , Liao Qiongfeng 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTBaicalin is the main indicator for qualitative and quantitative analysis of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and its prescription in vivo and in vitro. Owing to its insolubility and instability, the analysis of baicalin in biological samples is analytically challenging. Although there have been many pharmacokinetic or metabolism studies on baicalin, the current reported sample pretreatment methods are not the optimal choice with regard to absolute recovery and operation procedure. Here we report a high‐throughput salting‐out‐assisted homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction method with acetonitrile and ammonium sulfate. Eight kinds of commonly used salts, preferred salt concentration and auxiliary solvents were investigated. The extraction efficiency in the presence of ammonium salt and auxiliary solvent (methanol) in comparison to that from the salt‐free aqueous increased to above 90%. The performance of the developed pretreatment method was further evaluated through testing specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, extraction recovery and stability. In particular, the stability investigation results proved that the operation at low temperature would no longer necessary be for salting‐out‐assisted homogeneous liquid–liquid extraction compared with protein precipitation, and the pretreatment method would be valuable if the compounds were unstable within matrices. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Young People Transitioning From Out‐of‐Home Care: A Critical Analysis of Leaving Care Policy, Legislation and Housing Support in the Australian State of Victoria
Authors: Mendes Philip , Baidawi Susan , Snow Pamela 
Published: November 2013

Young people transitioning from out‐of‐home care are a particularly vulnerable and disadvantaged group. In recent years, there have been significant improvements in Victorian policy and legislation providing support to care leavers. However, these supports remain discretionary rather than mandatory, and many care leavers experience difficult transitions in key areas such as housing, health, education and employment. This study reports on a research project based on a partnership between Monash University and seven non‐government child and youth welfare agencies. A key aim was to identify practices and policies that could reduce the over‐representation of young people transitioning from out‐of‐home care in the youth justice system. The interviews and focus groups conducted with 77 stakeholders revealed major limitations in the application of leaving care policy and legislation, and associated deficits in the availability of appropriate housing. Some key implications for policy and practice reform are identified. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.‘many care leavers experience difficult transitions in key areas such as housing, health, education and employment’Key Practitioner MessagesMany care leavers have difficult transitions from out of home care due to the absence of a safety net.Post‐care supports should be mandatory, not discretionary.Care leavers should be assisted according to their developmental needs, rather than a random chronological age
Distribution of gastrin‐releasing peptide in the rat trigeminal and spinal somatosensory systems
Authors: Takanami Keiko , Sakamoto Hirotaka , Matsuda Ken Ichi , Satoh Keita , Tanida Takashi , Yamada Shunji , Inoue Kaihei , Oti Takumi , Sakamoto Tatsuya , Kawata Mitsuhiro 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTGastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP) has recently been identified as an itch‐specific neuropeptide in the spinal sensory system in mice, but there are no reports of the expression and distribution of GRP in the trigeminal sensory system in mammals. We characterized and compared GRP‐immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) with those in the rat spinal dorsal root ganglion (DRG). GRP immunoreactivity was expressed in 12% of TG and 6% of DRG neurons and was restricted to the small‐ and medium‐sized type cells. In both the TG and DRG, many GRP‐ir neurons also expressed substance P and calcitonin gene‐related peptide, but not isolectin B4. The different proportions of GRP and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 double‐positive neurons in the TG and DRG imply that itch sensations via the TG and DRG pathways are transmitted through distinct mechanisms. The distribution of the axon terminals of GRP‐ir primary afferents and their synaptic connectivity with the rat trigeminal sensory nuclei and spinal dorsal horn were investigated by using light and electron microscopic histochemistry. Although GRP‐ir fibers were rarely observed in the trigeminal sensory nucleus principalis, oralis, and interpolaris, they were predominant in the superficial layers of the trigeminal sensory nucleus caudalis (Vc), similar to the spinal dorsal horn. Ultrastructural analysis revealed that GRP‐ir terminals contained clear microvesicles and large dense‐cored vesicles, and formed asymmetric synaptic contacts with a few dendrites in the Vc and spinal dorsal horn. These results suggest that GRP‐dependent orofacial and spinal pruriceptive inputs are processed mainly in the superficial laminae of the Vc and spinal dorsal horn. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:1858–1873, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Locomotion Control of MEMS Microrobot Using Pulse‐Type Hardware Neural Networks
Authors: Saito Ken , Okazaki Kazuto , Ogiwara Tatsuya , Takato Minami , Saeki Katsutoshi , Sekine Yoshifumi , Uchikoba Fumio 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYThis paper presents the locomotion control of a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) microrobot. The MEMS microrobot demonstrates locomotion control by pulse‐type hardware neural networks (P‐HNN). P‐HNN generate oscillatory patterns of electrical activity like those of living organisms. The basic component of P‐HNN is a pulse‐type hardware neuron model (P‐HNM). The P‐HNM has the same basic features as biological neurons, such as the threshold, the refractory period, and spatiotemporal summation characteristics, and allows the generation of continuous action potentials. P‐HNN has been constructed with MOSFETs and can be integrated by CMOS technology. Like living organisms, P‐HNN has realized robot control without using software programs or A/D converters. The size of the microrobot fabricated by MEMS technology was 4 × 4 × 3.5 mm. The frame of the robot was made of a silicon wafer, equipped with rotary actuators, link mechanisms, and six legs. The MEMS microrobot emulated the locomotion method and the neural networks of an insect by rotary actuators, link mechanisms, and the P‐HNN. We show that the P‐HNN can control the forward and backward locomotion of the fabricated MEMS microrobot, and that it is possible to switch its direction by inputting an external trigger pulse. The locomotion speed was 19.5 mm/min and the step size was 1.3 mm. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(3): 43–50, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22473
An Approach to a Higher‐Power‐Density Power Supply for a 380‐V DC Distribution System
Authors: Hayashi Yusuke , Mino Masato 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYA methodology for realizing a higher‐power‐density DC‐DC converter has been proposed for a power unit installed in a 380‐V DC distribution system. The possibility of the converter design will be strengthened by using the series–parallel connection topology for isolated DC‐DC converters. A converter prototype with a power density of 10 W/cm3 has been fabricated, and the feasibility of the converter design has been confirmed experimentally. This result contributes to the realization of a highly efficient and highly space‐saving 380‐V DC distribution system. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(3): 51–62, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22494
Policy Mixes, Policy Interplay and Low Carbon Transitions: The Case of Passenger Transport in Finland
Authors: Kivimaa Paula , Virkamäki Venla 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTThe promotion of low‐carbon transport systems is largely dependent on the interplay between technology, innovation, markets, people's behaviour and policy. Various policies jointly influence the development of transport systems, some policies implying different or even contradictory designs for future transport systems. Policy interplay has not been much addressed in previous research on sustainability transitions. This article combines the technological innovation system (TIS) functions, within the transitions framework, with policy analysis to empirically map multiple policies and their intended paths towards low‐carbon transport systems. Empirically, the article provides a systematic review of Finnish national‐level policies for transport and transport‐related innovation. The discussion examines the contribution of the current policy mix to sustainability transitions based on its degree of attempt to re‐design the transport system. The findings reveal that policy support is more comprehensive regarding more energy‐efficient vehicles and low‐carbon fuels than based on reduced transport demand or alternative transport modes. A holistic policy approach towards low‐carbon transitions is only achieved to a degree and innovation policy gaps are identified. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Why Does the Coordination Mode of Physiological Bis(L‐histidinato)copper(II) Differ in the Gas Phase, Crystal Lattice, and Aqueous Solutions? A Quantum Chemical Study
Authors: Marković Marijana , Ramek Michael , Sabolović Jasmina 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIn bis(L‐histidinato)copper(II), the amino acid L‐histidine can bind to copper(II) in glycine‐like (G), histamine‐like (H), and imidazole–propionic acid like (I) coordination modes. This complex is known as the predominant copper(II)–amino acid complex in human blood serum. Numerous experimental studies of this physiological complex reported several coordination modes to coexist in aqueous solutions, but without providing complete structures. This paper is the first to investigate the relative stability of all possible copper(II) coordination modes and conformations of isolated bis(L‐histidinato)copper(II), and several conformers surrounded with up to 22 water molecules by DFT/B3LYP calculations. The vibration wavenumbers of four bis(L‐histidinato)copper(II)·20H2O structures were calculated and assigned for IR and Raman spectra. Among 83 isolated conformers obtained, 37 are in trans configuration, 45 in cis configuration, and one exhibits a trigonal‐bipyramidal structure. The most stable isolated conformer has a trans‐GG coordination. A comparison between the known X‐ray crystal and B3LYP vacuum molecular structures of bis(L‐histidinato)copper(II) dihydrate showed that the X‐ray cis‐HG mode with an intramolecular apical Cu–Ocarboxylato bond is unstable under vacuum and thus is greatly affected by crystal‐lattice effects. In the systems with 20 water molecules, the lowest energy was estimated for the conformer with a cis‐HH coordination and two axial Cu–Ocarboxylato bonds. This structural finding complements previous experimental studies, which reported an HH coordination mode as the prevailing in aqueous solutions under physiological conditions. The axial Cu–Ocarboxylato bond, unformed in any of the 83 isolated conformers, is stabilized by intermolecular interactions. The arrangement of water molecules around the complex might affect the coordination mode formation and stability.
The Synthesis and Properties of 2,2‐Diphenylindoxyl
Authors: Sarel S. , Klug J. T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe synthesis of the unknown 2,2‐diphenylindoxyl (Ia) following the path VI → VII → VIII → Ia it herein described. The chemical evidence, and the infrared and ultraviolet spectra are in consonance with the structural formula. The unresolved signal at 5.24 p.p.m., appearing in the NMR spectrum of Ia is assigned to the N ‐ H proton.
The Ionisation Sequence of Hypoxanthine and 6‐Mercaptopurine
Authors: Bergmann F. , Kleiner M. , Neiman Z. , Rashi M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe sequence of acid dissociation in hypoxanthine is 9 (7) → 1 and in 6‐mercaptopurine 1 → 9 (7). In the former compound, formation of either the mono‐ or the bis‐anion is accompanied by bathochromic shifts, in the latter by hypsochromic displacements. Analogous changes are observed upon conversion of these two purines into the respective O‐ and S‐methyl ethers.
Colorimetric Determination of Organotin Hydrides with Isatin or Ninhydrin
Authors: Frankel M. , Wagner D. , Gertner D. , Zilkha A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractTwo new colorimetric methods were developed for the quantitative determination of organotin hydrides. They are based on the reduction of the carbonyl groups of isatin or ninhydrin by organotin hydrides. In the first case colourless dioxindole is formed, and the lowering in the optical density of an isatin solution is taken as the basis for the determination. In the second case the coloured salt of 2‐hydroxyindanedione is formed. The reactions are sensitive and it is possible to determine concentrations of organotin hydride to about 10−4 mole/1.
Rearrangement and Fragmentation of Pentaphenylazetidinone
Authors: Sarel S. , Breuer E. , Klug J. T. , Fattal Y. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract1, 3, 3, 4, 4‐Pentaphenylazetidinone‐2 (I) is converted by sulfuric acid into 1, 3, 3, 4‐tetraphenylhydrocarbostyril. Upon treatment with lithium aluminum hydride (I) undergoes a fragmentation reaction from which benzophenone anil is isolated.
The Metabolism of Ethylene Dibromide in the Rat I. Identification of Detoxification Products in Urine
Authors: Nachtomi Edna , Alumot Eugenia , Bondi A. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe metabolism of ethylene dibromide (EDB) has been studied after administration of this compound to rats by stomach tube.N‐acetyl‐S‐(β‐hydroxyethyl)cysteine was isolated from the urine of EDB‐dosed rats. The identity of this compound with synthetic N‐acetyl‐S‐(β‐ hydroxyethyl)cysteine was proved by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods and by identification of the products obtained by acid and alkaline hydrolysis, by enzymatic hydrolysis and oxidation to a sulfoxide.The second metabolite found in the urine in small amounts was proved to be identical with synthetic S‐(β‐hydroxyethyl)cysteine. The products of hydrolysis and oxidation obtained from the two compounds were shown by chromatography to be the same.The symmetric S‐S'‐ethylene‐bis‐(N‐acetyl) cysteine has not been found in the urine of EDB‐treated rats.When ethylene dichloride or ethylene bromohydrin was administered to rats, the same metabolites were detected in the urine as after EDB poisoning.
Constituents of Withania Somnifera Dun. Part X The Structure of Withanolide D
Authors: Lavie D. , Kirson I. , Glotter E. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWithanolide D, the major component of the leaves of Withania somnifera chemotype II, is a steroidal lactone of the withanolide type, isomeric with withaferin A. It has been identified as 5, 6β‐epoxy‐4β, 20α‐dihydroxy‐1‐oxo‐(5β)witha‐2, 24‐dienolide. The structure has been elucidated by NMR measurements and by chemical degradation to 4β‐acetoxy‐5,6β‐epoxy (5β) pregnan‐1, 20‐dione.
A Spectrophotometric Study of Trivalent Actinide Complexes in Solution. IV. Americium with Chloride Ligands
Authors: Marcus Y. , Shiloh M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe light absorption spectra of americium(III) in ethanolic and concentrated aqueous lithium chloride solutions, and in long‐chain alkylammonium chloride solutions in aromatic diluents were obtained, as well as those of certain solid double salts and complexes. A strong 5f6 → 5f56d1 transition was observed in the aqueous solutions at 235 nm (42,500 cm−1), and from the dependence of the intensity of this and the 503 nm (19,880 cm−1) band, on the effective chloride activity, the stability constants of the inner sphere complexes: AmCl2+, logβ1* = −2.21± 0.08, and AmCl2+, log β2* = −4.70 ± 0.08, were determined. The spectrum of the long‐chain amine extracts is comparable to that of solids of the composition AmCl3 · 2N(C4H9)4Cl · × LiCl, and the nature of the extracts and of this and similar solids is discussed.
Isotope Effects on Metastable Transitions. IV. Isotopic Methanols
Authors: Lifshitz Chava , Shapiro M. , Sternberg Rachel 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMetastable transitions were studied in the mass spectra of methanol and deuterated methanols in a sector mass spectrometer. The relative abundances of the various metastable ions at 70eV were determined. The intensities are in good agreement with those obtained employing a double‐focussing instrument operating in the metastable mode. There is a strong isotope effect on the intensity of the anomalous parent‐ion metastable transition. This transition and the one leading to a “flat top” metastable peak were studied carefully. Appearance potentials were determined for the ions involved, by the RPD method and for the metastables themselves by conventional techniques. Metastable ion decay curves were obtained using an improved pulsed ion source. The results are discussed in terms of the quasi‐equilibrium theory of mass spectra.
Infrared Spectra of N2O Adsorbed on Evaporated Films of CsCl, CsBr and CsI
Authors: Kozirovski Y. , Folman M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractInfrared spectra of N2O adsorbed on high‐surface area films of evaporated CsCl, CsBr and CsI have been investigated at different surface coverages. The absorption bands appeared nearly always as sharp and well defined multiplets. The relative intensities of their components depended strongly on surface coverage and often there was a correlation in their behaviour on adsorption and on desorption. The spectra have been interpreted in terms of the existence of different adsorption sites or orientations of the molecule on the surface.
Synthetic Peptides Related to Horse Heart Cytochrome C I. Peptides Corresponding To Positions 78–84
Authors: Wolman Y. , Schwarzberg M. , Frankel M. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSynthesis is described of a series of peptides and peptide derivatives which corresponds to positions 78–84 in the primary structure of horse heart Cytochrome c. The preparation of the heptapeptide: L‐threonyl‐ϵ‐trifluoroacetyl‐L‐lysyl‐L‐methionyl‐L‐isoleucyl‐L‐phenylalanyl‐L‐alanyl‐glycine is described.