bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of BRAF Mutations and BRAF Inhibition on Immune Responses to Melanoma
Authors: Ilieva Kristina M. , Correa Isabel , Josephs Debra H. , Karagiannis Panagiotis , Egbuniwe Isioma U. , Cafferkey Michiala J. , Spicer James F. , Harries Mark , Nestle Frank O. , Lacy Katie E. , Karagiannis Sophia N. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Malignant melanoma is associated with poor clinical prognosis; however, novel molecular and immune therapies are now improving patient outcomes. Almost 50% of melanomas harbor targetable activating mutations of BRAF that promote RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK pathway activation and melanoma proliferation. Recent evidence also indicates that melanomas bearing mutant BRAF may also have altered immune responses, suggesting additional avenues for treatment of this patient group. The small molecule inhibitors selective for mutant BRAF induce significant but short-lived clinical responses in a proportion of patients, but also lead to immune stimulatory bystander events, which then subside with the emergence of resistance to inhibition. Simultaneous BRAF and MEK inhibition, and especially combination of BRAF inhibitors with new immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade antibodies, may further enhance immune activation, or counteract immunosuppressive signals. Preclinical evaluation and ongoing clinical trials should provide novel insights into the role of immunity in the therapy of BRAF-mutant melanoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(12); 2769–83. ©2014 AACR.
Large‐Scale Gene‐Centric Analysis Identifies Polymorphisms for Resistant Hypertension
Authors: Fontana Vanessa , McDonough Caitrin W. , Gong Yan , El Rouby Nihal M. , Sá Ana Caroline C. , Taylor Kent D. , Chen Y.‐D. Ida , Gums John G. , Chapman Arlene B. , Turner Stephen T. , Pepine Carl J. , Johnson Julie A. , Cooper‐DeHoff Rhonda M. 
Published: November 2014

Background
Resistant hypertension (RHTN), defined by lack of blood pressure (BP) control despite treatment with at least 3 antihypertensive drugs, increases cardiovascular risk compared with controlled hypertension. Yet, there are few data on genetic variants associated with RHTN.

Methods and Results

We used a gene‐centric array containing ≈50 000 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify polymorphisms associated with RHTN in hypertensive participants with coronary artery disease (CAD) from INVEST‐GENES (the INnternational VErapamil‐SR Trandolapril STudy—GENEtic Substudy). RHTN was defined as BP≥140/90 on 3 drugs, or any BP on 4 or more drugs. Logistic regression analysis was performed in European Americans (n=904) and Hispanics (n=837), using an additive model adjusted for age, gender, randomized treatment assignment, body mass index, principal components for ancestry, and other significant predictors of RHTN. Replication of the top SNP was conducted in 241 European American women from WISE (Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation), where RHTN was defined similarly. To investigate the functional effect of rs12817819, mRNA expression was measured in whole blood. We found
ATP2B1
rs12817819 associated with RHTN in both INVEST European Americans (
P
‐value=2.44×10
−3
, odds ratio=1.57 [1.17 to 2.01]) and INVEST Hispanics (
P
=7.69×10
−4
, odds ratio=1.76 [1.27 to 2.44]). A consistent trend was observed at rs12817819 in WISE, and the INVEST‐WISE meta‐analysis result reached chip‐wide significance (
P
=1.60×10
−6
, odds ratio=1.65 [1.36 to 1.95]). Expression analyses revealed significant differences in ATP2B1 expression by rs12817819 genotype.

Conclusions

The
ATP2B1
rs12817819 A allele is associated with increased risk for RHTN in hypertensive participants with documented CAD or suspected ischemic heart disease.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifiers: NCT00133692 (INVEST), NCT00000554 (WISE).
Postoperative Hemorrhage After Transoral Oropharyngectomy for Cancer of the Lateral Oropharynx
Authors: Laccourreye Ollivier , Malinvaud David , Garcia Dominique , Ménard Madeleine , Hans Stéphane , Cauchois Régis , Bonfils Pierre 
Published: November 2014

Objective: Assessment of incidence, risk factors, management, and outcome of postoperative hemorrhage after transoral oropharyngectomy for cancer of the lateral oropharynx. Methods: Retrospective review of a cohort of 514 cancers of the lateral oropharynx consecutively resected. Results: Incidence of postoperative hemorrhage was 3.6%. In 31.5% of cases, onset was after hospital discharge. No hemorrhages occurred after the end of the fourth postoperative week. Variables associated with increased risk of hemorrhage were advanced age ( P = .004), antithrombotic treatment ( P = .012), and robotic assistance ( P = .009). When the source of hemorrhage could be identified, hemostasis, performed transorally in most cases, was highly effective; no patients in this subgroup showed recurrence. In spontaneously resolved hemorrhage under observation or when no active site of bleeding was found on exploration under general anesthesia, the recurrence rate was 18.1%. Overall, hemorrhage resulted in death in 2 patients. Conclusion: Exploration under general anesthesia in case of active bleeding and observation with discussion of arterial exploration of the ipsilateral external carotid system in patients in whom no source of bleeding can be identified are the keys to successful management of this potentially lethal complication.
Glomus Tympanicum: A Review of 115 Cases over 4 Decades
Authors: Carlson Matthew L. , Sweeney Alex D. , Pelosi Stanley , Wanna George B. , Glasscock Michael E. , Haynes David S. 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo characterize the clinical presentation, surgical management, and outcomes of a large consecutive cohort of patients with glomus tympanicum (GT) tumors managed at a single tertiary referral group over 4 decades.Study DesignRetrospective review.SettingTertiary neurotological referral center.Subjects and MethodsAll patients underwent surgical treatment of histopathologically confirmed GT between January 1973 and March 2014. Audiometric outcomes were reported according to AAO‐HNS guidelines, and tumor stage was described using the Glasscock‐Jackson classification system.ResultsThere were 115 patients (90.4% women; mean age, 55.2 years) who met the inclusion criteria; 38 (33.0%) cases of GT were stage I, 51 (44.3%) stage II, 10 (8.7%) stage III, and 16 (13.9%) stage IV. There were 108 (93.9%) patients who underwent gross total removal, while 7 (6.1%) received less than complete resection for advanced disease that was adherent to the petrous carotid artery, facial nerve, stapes footplate, or round window. Two patients who underwent gross total resection experienced transient facial paresis, and 1 had internal carotid injury with stroke. No patients had been diagnosed with recurrent disease at a mean follow‐up of 30.4 months.ConclusionSurgery remains the treatment of choice for GT, providing a high rate of tumor control and resolution of aural symptoms with a low risk of complications. The surgical approach and extent of resection should be tailored to the patient. Gross total resection can be performed in over 90% of patients; however, leaving a limited adherent tumor remnant on the facial nerve or carotid artery should be considered with advanced infiltrative disease to prevent unnecessary morbidity.
Epidemiological Trends in Malignant Lacrimal Gland Tumors
Authors: Andreoli Michael T. , Aakalu Vinay , Setabutr Pete 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo describe epidemiological trends in lacrimal gland malignancies in the United States.Study DesignRetrospective database review.SettingMulticenter registry.Subjects and MethodsA total of 702 malignant tumors of the lacrimal gland from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were included in the study. Disease‐specific and overall survival were the primary outcome measures. Kaplan‐Meier survival curves were generated for multiple patient and tumor characteristics, including race, histology, TNM tumor stage, age at diagnosis, radiotherapy, gender, and tumor grade. Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to assess the impact of patient and tumor characteristics on survival.ResultsLymphoma (58.0%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (13.4%), adenocarcinoma (3.8%), and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (3.6%) accounted for most tumors. Lymphoma was associated with more favorable survival rates, while adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma were associated with worse prognosis. There was a steady increase in the proportion of lymphoma diagnosed since 1973. In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, tumor histology remained as the only covariate correlated with disease‐specific survival.ConclusionPatient characteristics and survival rates differ between lymphoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The proportion of lacrimal gland cancer diagnosed as lymphoma has steadily increased over time. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis demonstrated tumor histology as one of the most important factors in patient survival. These results augment our understanding of the expected disease course of lacrimal gland malignancies.
Challenges in Using Comparison Data in Child Welfare Evaluations
Authors: White Catherine Roller , O’Brien Kirk , Davis Cynthia W. , Rogg Carla , Rudlang-Perman Kristen , Morgan Linda Jewell , Houston Millicent 
Published: November 2014

Objective: This article describes the evaluation of permanency roundtables, an intervention to help youth in foster care achieve legal permanency and the challenges evaluators faced in finding and using appropriate comparison data. Method: In 2009, permanency roundtables were conducted for 496 children in Georgia, most of whom had spent extended time in care. Half (50%) achieved legal permanency within 24 months of the roundtables. Results: Five potential sources of comparison data, none of which provide an ideal comparison, are presented and discussed. Conclusions: Ideally, evaluators should plan for one or more comparison groups at the very beginning of the evaluation. However, post hoc comparisons should not be dismissed altogether. The challenge for evaluators is to generate valid comparison groups to determine whether an intervention made a significant improvement, despite challenges such as limited funding, tight timelines, and unmeasured contextual differences between groups.
Synthesis of zinc oxide nanostructures on graphene/glass substrate by electrochemical deposition: effects of current density and temperature
Authors: Hambali Nur Ashikyn , Yahaya Hafizal , Mahmood Mohamad Rusop , Terasako Tomoaki , Hashim Abdul Manaf 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The electrochemical growth of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures on graphene on glass using zinc nitrate hexahydrate was studied. The effects of current densities and temperatures on the morphological, structural, and optical properties of the ZnO structures were studied. Vertically aligned nanorods were obtained at a low temperature of 75°C, and the diameters increased with current density. Growth temperature seems to have a strong effect in generating well-defined hexagonal-shape nanorods with a smooth top edge surface. A film-like structure was observed for high current densities above -1.0 mA/cm2 and temperatures above 80°C due to the coalescence between the neighboring nanorods with large diameter. The nanorods grown at a temperature of 75°C with a low current density of -0.1 mA/cm2 exhibited the highest density of 1.45 × 109 cm-2. X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the grown ZnO crystallites were highly oriented along the c-axis. The intensity ratio of the ultraviolet (UV) region emission to the visible region emission, I
UV/I
VIS, showed a decrement with the current densities for all grown samples. The samples grown at the current density below -0.5 mA/cm2 showed high I
UV/I
VIS values closer to or higher than 1.0, suggesting their fewer structural defects. For all the ZnO/graphene structures, the high transmittance up to 65% was obtained at the light wavelength of 550 nm. Structural and optical properties of the grown ZnO structures seem to be effectively controlled by the current density rather than the growth temperature. ZnO nanorod/graphene hybrid structure on glass is expected to be a promising structure for solar cell which is a conceivable candidate to address the global need for an inexpensive alternative energy source.
Immuno-PET of epithelial ovarian cancer: harnessing the potential of CA125 for non-invasive imaging
Authors: Sharma Sai Kiran , Wuest Melinda , Wang Monica , Glubrecht Darryl , Andrais Bonnie , Lapi Suzanne E , Wuest Frank 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is characterized by the overexpression of cancer antigen 125 (CA125), a mucinous glycoprotein that serves as a tumor biomarker. Early diagnosis of EOC is plagued by its asymptomatic nature of progression and the limitations of currently used immunoassay techniques that detect CA125 as a shed antigen in serum samples. Presently, there is no technique available for the in vivo evaluation of CA125 expression in malignant tissues. Moreover, there could be an unexplored pathophysiological time window for the detection of CA125 in EOC, during which it is expressed on tumor cells prior to being shed into the bloodstream. A method for the in vivo evaluation of CA125 expression on ovarian neoplasms earlier along disease progression and/or recurrence can potentially contribute to better disease management. To this end, the present work utilizes an anti-CA125 monoclonal antibody (MAb) and a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) labeled with the positron-emitting radionuclide 64Cu for preclinical molecular imaging of CA125 expression in vivo.

Methods
Anti-CA125 MAb and scFv were prepared and functionally characterized for target binding prior to being tested as radiotracers in a preclinical setting.

Results
Immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry revealed specific binding of CA125-targeting vectors to NIH:OVCAR-3 cells and no binding to antigen-negative SKOV3 cells. 64Cu-labeled anti-CA125 MAb and scFv were obtained in specific activities of 296 and 122 MBq/mg, respectively. Both radioimmunoconjugate vectors demonstrated highly selective binding to NIH:OVCAR-3 cells and virtually no binding to SKOV3 cells. In vivo radiopharmacological evaluation using xenograft mouse models injected with 64Cu-labeled anti-CA125 MAb provided a standardized uptake value (SUV) of 5.76 (29.70 %ID/g) in OVCAR3 tumors 24 h post-injection (p.i.) versus 1.80 (5.91 %ID/g) in SKOV3 tumors. 64Cu-labeled anti-CA125 scFv provided an SUV of 0.64 (3.21 %ID/g) in OVCAR3 tumors 24 h p.i. versus 0.25 (1.49 %ID/g) in SKOV3 tumors. Results from small-animal PET imaging were confirmed by ex vivo autoradiography and immunohistochemistry.

Conclusions
Radiolabeling of anti-CA125 MAb and scFv with 64Cu did not compromise their immunoreactivity. Both radioimmunoconjugates presented specific tumor uptake and expected biological clearance profiles. This renders them as potential immuno-PET probes for targeted in vivo molecular imaging of CA125 in EOC.
Effectiveness of communication of spatial engineering information through 3D CAD and 3D printed models
Authors: Dadi Gabriel B , Goodrum Paul M , Taylor Timothy RB , Maloney William F 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background
Poor engineering information provided to construction crews results in inefficient communication of design, leading to construction rework, disputes, and lower worker morale. The resulting errors, omissions, and misinterpretations indicates that a significant opportunity exists to improve the traditional documentation of engineering information that craft professionals use to complete their work. Historically, physical three dimensional (3D) models built by hand provided 3D physical representations of the project to assist in sequencing, visualization, and planning of critical construction activities. This practice has greatly diminished since the adoption of three dimensional CAD (computer-aided design) and BIM (building information modeling) technologies. Recently, additive manufacturing technologies have allowed for three dimensional printing of 3D CAD models.

Methods
The effectiveness of 2D drawings, a 3D computer model, and a 3D printed model in delivering engineering information to an end-user are scientifically measured.

Results
The 3D printed model outperformed the 2D drawings and 3D computer interface in productivity and workload measures.

Conclusions
A physical model has the ability to improve communication of spatial design for certain tasks. This could lead to improved productivity, reduction of errors, and better quality for construction tasks. This paper's primary contribution to the body of knowledge is that it identifies how different mediums of engineering information impact the communication of spatial engineering information.
Chip-based adaptive skin color detection using trajectory constraints on hue
Authors: Yu Ying-Hao , Lee Tsu-Tian , Kwok Ngai-Ming , Chen Pei-Yin 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Background
In a construction site, the safety of workers can be better secured if vehicle or robot can be properly maneuvered by using image-based gesture guidance. This kind of semi-automatic motion control is based on the features extracted in colors, outlines, textures, and motion intentions. Among these features, detecting worker’s skin color on face and hands could serve as an essential method for enabling robot to determine the region of interest (ROI). However, the performance of skin detection is usually unreliable due to interferences from reflections and shadows. Although many efficient skin color detection methods had been developed in past years, those are mostly based on complicated learning and statistical processes and are unsuitable for embedded systems. The exploration of a concise and efficient skin color detector, therefore, becomes a challenge for applications in mobile robots.

Method
In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive skin detector on face and hands as a fundamental capability of a gesture tracking system. This approach enhances the detection performance of traditional HSV color space but only requires a low computing power. For the design criteria of small size, low-power, low-cost, and minimum computing resource usages on mobile robots, the entire detecting system is built on single field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) chip. Meanwhile, besides the contributions of adaptive algorithms and FPGA chip designs, the proposed skin detector also employs a touch screen to designate expected skin color of worker as the human-robot interaction (HRI) in real-time.

Results
The chip design of the FPGA is based on hardware circuits in register-transfer-level (RTL) for real-time image processing. A reasonable amount of hardware resource usages of FPGA have consumed 8% of logic elements (LEs) and 1.4% for embedded random access memory (RAM). Demonstrations with various pictures had indicated that sufficient ROI can be efficiently identified by using the proposed adaptive skin color detector.

Conclusions
According to our experimental results, the proposed adaptive skin detection can work well for non-ideal illumination. It has demonstrated the reliability and feasibility on supporting the embedded robotic control in the future.
Spectroscopic techniques and the conservation of artists’ acrylic emulsion paints
Authors: Willneff Elizabeth A , Schroeder Sven LM , Ormsby Bronwyn A 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Artists’ acrylic emulsion paints are used in many contexts such as paintings, murals, sculptures, works on paper and mixed media; and are forming increasing proportions of modern and contemporary art collections. Although acrylic emulsion paints have been the focus of museum-led research over the past decade, the impact of artists’ technique and conservation treatment on the upper-most surface of these paints remains essentially unexplored.

Results
This paper summarises previous studies using vibrational (FTIR) spectroscopy and presents initial assessments of paint surfaces using X-ray spectroscopies (XPS and NEXAFS) aimed at characterising artists’ acrylic paint film surfaces after natural ageing and wet surface cleaning treatment. Both techniques were found to be well suited for surface-sensitive investigations of the organic materials associated with artists’ acrylic paints, including explorations into: (A) cleaning system residues, (B) surfactant extraction from paint surfaces, (C) the identification of migrated surfactant, and (D) monitoring pigment changes at the paint/air interface of paint films.

Conclusions
It has been shown is that these X-ray spectroscopic techniques can be used for the analysis of almost purely organic materials in a way that complements mass spectroscopic techniques, FTIR and XRF. This investigation forms part of broader, currently ongoing, multi-technique investigation into the properties of artists’ acrylic paints and development of conservation treatments for works-of-art made with these materials.
A silicon nanowire photodetector using Au plasmonic nanoantennas
Authors: Jee Sang-Won , Zhou Keya , Kim Dong-Wook , Lee Jung-Ho 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
We suggest a silicon nanowire (SiNW) photodetector side-contacted with hemispherical Au nanoantennas (NAs) that can remarkably amplify the intensity of the near-infrared optical field. The plasmonic NA suppresses visible-range guided mode excitation in SiNW, which enables our photodetector to possess a near-infrared-selective response and overcome the inherent poor optical absorption of Si. The NA can form Schottky contacts with SiNWs for enhancing carrier collection. The vertical NW array also has the geometrically beneficial effects of wide tolerance in light polarization with reduced material consumption.
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Primary Breast Cancer in the Era of Standardized Testing: A Canadian Prospective Study
Authors: Hanna Wedad M. , Barnes Penny J. , Chang Martin C. , Gilks C. Blake , Magliocco Anthony M. , Rees Henrike , Quenneville Louise , Robertson Susan J. , SenGupta Sandip K. , Nofech-Mozes Sharon 
Published: November 2014

Purpose Therapies that target overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) rely on accurate and timely assessment of all patients with new diagnoses. This study examines HER2 testing of primary breast cancer tissue when performed with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and additional in situ hybridization (ISH) for negative cases (IHC 0/1+). The analysis focuses on the rate of false-negative HER2 tests, defined as IHC 0/1+ with an ISH ratio ≥ 2.0, in eight pathology centers across Canada. Patients and Methods Whole sections of surgical resections or tissue microarrays (TMAs) from invasive breast carcinoma tissue were tested by both IHC and ISH using standardized local methods. Samples were scored by the local breast pathologist, and consecutive HER2-negative IHC results (IHC 0/1+) were compared with the corresponding fluorescence or silver ISH result. Results Overall, 711 surgical excisions of primary breast cancer were analyzed by IHC and ISH; HER2 and chromosome 17 centromere (CEP17) counts were available in all cases. The overall rate of false-negative samples was 0.84% (six of 711 samples). Interpretable IHC and ISH scores were available in 1,212 cases from TMAs, and the overall rate of false-negative cases was 1.6% (16 of 978 cases). Conclusion Our observation confirms that IHC is an adequate test to predict negative HER2 status in primary breast cancer in surgical excision specimens, even when different antibodies and IHC platforms are used. The study supports the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists and Canadian testing algorithms of using IHC followed by ISH for equivocal cases.