bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental evolution of multicellularity via cuboidal cell packing in fission yeast
Authors: Pineau Rozenn M , Kahn Penelope C , Lac Dung T , Belpaire Tom E R , Denning Mia G , Wong Whitney , Ratcliff William C , Bozdag G Ozan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The evolution of multicellularity represents a major transition in life’s history, enabling the rise of complex organisms. Multicellular groups can evolve through multiple developmental modes, but a common step is the formation of permanent cell–cell attachments after division. The characteristics of the multicellular morphology that emerges have profound consequences for the subsequent evolution of a nascent multicellular lineage, but little prior work has investigated these dynamics directly. Here, we examine a widespread yet understudied emergent multicellular morphology: cuboidal packing. Extinct and extant multicellular organisms across the tree of life have evolved to form groups in which spherical cells divide but remain attached, forming approximately cubic subunits. To experimentally investigate the evolution of cuboidal cell packing, we used settling selection to favor the evolution of simple multicellularity in unicellular, spherical Schizosaccharomyces pombe yeast. Multicellular clusters with cuboidal organization rapidly evolved, displacing the unicellular ancestor. These clusters displayed key hallmarks of an evolutionary transition in individuality: groups possess an emergent life cycle driven by physical fracture, group size is heritable, and they respond to group-level selection via multicellular adaptation. In 2 out of 5 lineages, group formation was driven by mutations in the ace2 gene, preventing daughter cell separation after division. Remarkably, ace2 mutations also underlie the transition to multicellularity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida glabrata, lineages that last shared a common ancestor &gt;300 million years ago. Our results provide insight into the evolution of cuboidal cell packing, an understudied multicellular morphology, and highlight the deeply convergent potential for a transition to multicellular individuality within fungi.
The evolution of exceptional diversity in parental care and fertilization modes in ray-finned fishes
Authors: Vági Balázs , Katona Gergely , Miranda Oscar G , Mándi Mihály Gábor , Hofmann Hans A , Plagányi Éva , Végvári Zsolt , Liker András , Freckleton Robert P , Székely Tamás 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Among vertebrates, ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) display the highest diversity in parental care, and their diversification has been hypothesized to be related to phylogenetic changes in fertilization modes. Using the most comprehensive, sex-specific data from 7,600 species of 62 extant orders of ray-finned fishes, we inferred ancestral states and transitions among care types and caring episodes (i.e., the stage of offspring development). Our work has uncovered 3 novel findings. First, transitions among different care types (i.e., male-only care, female-only care, biparental care, and no care) are common, and the frequencies of these transitions show unusually diverse patterns concerning fertilization modes (external, or internal via oviduct, mouth, or brood pouch). Second, both oviduct and mouth fertilization are selected for female-biased care, whereas fertilization in a brood pouch is selected for male-biased care. Importantly, internal fertilization without parental care is extremely unstable phylogenetically. Third, we show that egg care in both sexes is associated with nest building (which is male-biased) and fry care (which is female-biased). Taken together, the aquatic environment, which supports considerable flexibility in care, facilitated the diversification of parenting behavior, creating the evolutionary bases for more comprehensive parenting to protect offspring in semiterrestrial or terrestrial environments.
Effects of spontaneous mutations on survival and reproduction of Drosophila serrata infected with Drosophila C virus
Authors: Mendel Bonita M , Asselin Angelique K , Johnson Karyn N , McGuigan Katrina 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The impact of selection on host immune function genes has been widely documented. However, it remains essentially unknown how mutation influences the quantitative immune traits that selection acts on. Applying a classical mutation accumulation (MA) experimental design in Drosophila serrata, we found the mutational variation in susceptibility (median time of death, LT50) to Drosophila C virus (DCV) was of similar magnitude to that reported for intrinsic survival traits. Mean LT50 did not change as mutations accumulated, suggesting no directional bias in mutational effects. Maintenance of genetic variance in immune function is hypothesized to be influenced by pleiotropic effects on immunity and other traits that contribute to fitness. To investigate this, we assayed female reproductive output for a subset of MA lines with relatively long or short survival times under DCV infection. Longer survival time tended to be associated with lower reproductive output, suggesting that mutations affecting susceptibility to DCV had pleiotropic effects on investment in reproductive fitness. Further studies are needed to uncover the general patterns of mutational effect on immune responses and other fitness traits, and to determine how selection might typically act on new mutations via their direct and pleiotropic effects.
Communication Matters: Loneliness in Senior Living Communities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Wilkinson Lindsay R , Masters Julie L , Boron Julie Blaskewicz 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate individuals residing in senior living communities (SLCs) amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. One reason those living in SLCs often choose these communities is to have a readily available social network. Necessary social distancing disrupted this socialization, thus, possibly increasing perceptions of loneliness in residents of SLCs. This study examined relationships among loneliness, perceived provider communication about the pandemic and related restrictions, as well as individual characteristics.

Research Design and Methods
In December 2020, a survey was administered to older adults residing in a network of SLCs in Nebraska. Utilizing data from 657 residents aged 60 and older, ordinary least squares regression models were used to examine associations between 2 distinct measures of perceived provider communication and feelings of loneliness during the pandemic. The analysis also considered whether these associations varied as a function of education.

Results
The respondents were, on average, 84 years of age, primarily female (72%), and living independently (87%) in the SLC. The linear regression results revealed that 53% of respondents were very lonely during the pandemic. However, provider communication that was rated as helpful to residents’ understanding of the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with lower perceived loneliness. There was not a similar association for provider communication regarding services and amenities, and the association was not present for those with the highest level of education.

Discussion and Implications
Provider communication in times of disruption from normal activities, such as with the COVID-19 pandemic, is important to perceptions of loneliness among those living in SLCs, particularly for those with lower educational attainment. SLCs are communities that individuals select to reside in, and through communication, providers may have the opportunity to positively affect resident experiences, especially in times of stress.
A regional approach for high-resolution gravity anomaly recovery from full airborne gravity gradient tensor
Authors: Wu Yihao , He Xiufeng , Shi Hongkai , Luo Zhicai , Abulaitijiang Adili , Wang Haihong 
Published: June 2024

SUMMARY
A regional approach is developed for high-resolution gravity anomaly recovery from the full airborne gravity gradient tensor (GGT) based on the radial basis function (RBF) technique. The analytical expressions that link the full GGT to the gravity anomaly based on Poisson wavelets are developed, where the closed formulae of the associated derivatives of Poisson wavelets are deduced. Based on this approach, the gravity anomalies at a mean resolution of ∼0.15 km over the Kauring Test Range in Australia are recovered by using the local airborne GGT. The results show that the solution computed from the vertical component provides the best quality when a single component is used, whereas the model computed from the curvature component performs the worst. Moreover, the incorporation of two components magnifies the gravity anomalies and further improves the fit with the terrestrial and airborne gravity data, compared with the solutions computed from individual components. However, the solutions calculated by additionally merging one or more components provide comparable qualities with the models calculated by fusing two components only. Finally, the solution is computed by merging the full airborne GGT, and the standard deviation of the misfits against the terrestrial gravity data is 0.788 mGal. Further comparisons with the Fourier transformation and equivalent source method demonstrate that the proposed approach has slightly better performance. The proposed method is numerically efficient and offers a better data adaptation, which is useful for high-resolution gravity data recovery in managing huge number of gravity gradient data.
Inflammation-related Proteins Support Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Are Modified by Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Children With Crohn’s Disease, Especially of Ileal Phenotype
Authors: White Bernadette , Svolos Vaios , Gervais Lisa , Jatkowska Aleksandra , Nichols Ben , MacDonald Jonathan , Seenan John Paul , Hansen Richard , Russell Richard K , Milling Simon , Gerasimidis Konstantinos 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
The immunological effects of treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) in Crohn’s disease (CD) remain unknown. We characterized the plasma levels of inflammation-related proteins (IRPs) in children with CD and ulcerative colitis (UC) compared with noninflammatory controls (non-IBD) and explored the effect of EEN in CD.

Methods
Ninety-two IRPs were quantified using Olink proteomics in children with CD (n = 53), UC (n = 11), and non-IBD (n = 19). For 18 children with active CD, IRPs were measured before and after 8 weeks of EEN. Relationships with disease phenotype and response to EEN were studied.

Results
Compared with non-IBD, patients with active UC and CD had different levels of 27 (24 raised, 3 decreased) and 29 (26 raised, 3 decreased) IRPs, respectively. Exclusive enteral nutrition modified the levels of 19 IRPs (13 increased, 6 decreased including CCL23, interleukin-24, interleukin-6, and MMP-1). More pronounced changes in IRP profile were observed in patients with ileal involvement and a ≥50% decrease in fecal calprotectin during EEN compared with those with colonic involvement and a &lt;50% decrease in fecal calprotectin, respectively. A machine-learning model utilizing baseline IRP profile predicted response to EEN with a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 57%, and accuracy of 73%. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin was the most important IRP in the model, this being higher in responders.

Conclusions
Inflammation-related proteins may be useful in the differential diagnosis of IBD. Exclusive enteral nutrition extensively modulated IRPs levels in children with active CD with more pronounced effects observed in patients who showed a reduction in FC and had ileal disease involvement.
Physiological Basis of Convergent Evolution in Animal Communication Systems
Authors: Anderson Nigel K , Preininger Doris , Fuxjager Matthew J 
Published: June 2024

Synopsis
To humans, the diverse array of display behaviors that animals use for communication can easily seem peculiar or bizarre. While ample research delves into the evolutionary principles that shape these signals’ effectiveness, little attention is paid to evolutionary patterning of signal design across taxa, particularly when it comes to the potential convergent evolution of many elaborate behavioral displays. By taking a mechanistic perspective, we explore the physiological and neurobiological mechanisms that likely influence the evolution of communication signals, emphasizing the utilization of pre-existing structures over novel adaptations. Central to this investigation are the concepts of perceptual bias and ritualization that we propose contribute to the convergence of elaborate display designs across species. Perceptual bias explains a phenomenon where pre-existing perceptual systems of receivers, used for innate behaviors such as food and predator recognition, select for certain traits of a communication signal from a signaler. Ritualization occurs when traits with no functional role in communication are co-opted through selection and transformed into a new communicative signal. Importantly, susceptibility for ritualization can be brought about through physiological modifications that occurred early in evolutionary time. In this way, perceptual bias can be a selective force that causes the co-option of non-communicative traits into a new communication signal through ritualization involving pre-existing modifications to physiological systems. If the perceptual bias, non-communicative signal, and physiological modifications that increase susceptibility to ritualization are highly conserved, then we may see the convergent evolution of the new communication signal with unrelated taxa facing similar sensory constraints. We explore this idea here using the foot-flagging frog system as a theoretical case study.
Safety and Immunogenicity of mRNA-1010, an Investigational Seasonal Influenza Vaccine, in Healthy Adults: Final Results From a Phase 1/2 Randomized Trial
Authors: Ananworanich Jintanat , Lee Ivan T , Ensz David , Carmona Lizbeth , Schaefers Kristi , Avanesov Andrei , Stadlbauer Daniel , Choi Angela , Pucci Alicia , McGrath Shannon , Kuo Hsiao-Hsuan , Henry Carole , Chen Ren , Huang Wenmei , Nachbagauer Raffael , Paris Robert 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
Seasonal influenza remains a global public health concern. A messenger RNA (mRNA)–based quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine, mRNA-1010, was investigated in a first-in-human, phase 1/2 clinical trial conducted in 3 parts.

Methods
In parts 1 to 3 of this stratified observer-blind study, adults aged ≥18 years were randomly assigned to receive a single dose (6.25–200 µg) of mRNA-1010 or placebo (part 1) or an active comparator (Afluria; parts 2 and 3). Primary study objectives were assessment of safety, reactogenicity, and humoral immunogenicity of mRNA-1010, placebo (part 1), or active comparator (parts 2 and 3). Exploratory end points included assessment of cellular immunogenicity (part 1) and antigenic breadth against vaccine heterologous strains (A/H3N2; parts 1 and 2).

Results
In all study parts, solicited adverse reactions were reported more frequently for mRNA-1010 than placebo or Afluria, and most were grade 1 or 2 in severity. No vaccine-related serious adverse events or deaths were reported. In parts 1 and 2, a single dose of mRNA-1010 (25–200 µg) elicited robust day 29 hemagglutination inhibition titers that persisted through 6 months. In part 3, lower doses of mRNA-1010 (6.25–25 µg) elicited day 29 hemagglutination inhibition titers that were higher or comparable to those of Afluria for influenza A strains. When compared with Afluria, mRNA-1010 (50 µg) elicited broader A/H3N2 antibody responses (part 2). mRNA-1010 induced greater T-cell responses than placebo at day 8 that were sustained or stronger at day 29 (part 1).

Conclusions
Data support the continued development of mRNA-1010 as a seasonal influenza vaccine.

Clinical Trials Registration
NCT04956575 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04956575).
The Politics of Foreign Terrorist Fighters in Europe: The Deterritorialization and Reterritorialization of Citizens?
Authors: Johansson-Nogués Elisabeth , Bonsoms Aitor 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In the wake of the fall of the Daesh Islamic State “Caliphate” in 2019, the international community has been faced with the fact that thousands of displaced persons are stranded in Iraqi and Syrian detention centers. This article interrogates the governmental policies of ten Western European countries toward their nationals and legal residents held in the prisons and camps. We analyze the discourse and the practices of deterritorialization and reterritorialization of the “foreign-terrorist-fighter-citizens.” We find that the Western European governments have engaged in different types of deterritorialization and reterritorialization moves which have acted to position their foreign fighter nationals and dependents at the liminars of the body politic in a way that runs the risk of perpetuating the foreign fighters’ and their dependents’ confinement in, what some practitioners have denounced as, “Europe's Guantanamo.” We also argue that the deterritorialization and reterritorialization moves reveal the emptiness of the current-day liberal state project at its core. The discourses and practices place the liberal democratic state at odds with its own declared values and with the basic human rights of the foreign-terrorist-fighter-citizen in a manner that is corrosive to other citizens and to the ideals inherent to “good life” of the political community.
Evaluating the effects of virulence genotype, swarming motility, and multi-locus sequence types of Escherichia coli on layer chicken embryos
Authors: Ovi Fozol , Zhang Li , Jia Linan , Elliott Katie , Sukumaran Anuraj Theradiyil , Cosby Douglas , Wilson Dan , Ramachandran Reshma , Evans Jeff , Poudel Ishab , Adhikari Pratima 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aims
To determine the effects of swarming motility (SM) and multi-locus sequence types (MLST) on the main effect of virulence genotype of Escherichia coli through an embryos lethality assay between the 12th and 18th days of incubation.

Methods and results
We collected 58 E. coli isolates from asymptomatic commercial hens (n = 42) and lesions of colibacillosis cases (n = 16), then classified their virulence genotype as avirulent, moderately virulent, virulent-healthy, and virulent-colibacillosis categories by the presence of five virulence-associated genes (iroN, ompT, hlyF, iutA, and iss). These isolates were further classified as non-motile, motile, or hyper-motile by SM assay. From the 58 isolates, we selected 29 for ELA and determined their MLST. Each isolate was inoculated into 15 embryonated eggs through the allantoic cavity. We found the avirulent isolates reduced the relative embryo weight compared to virulent-colibacillosis and moderately virulent isolates (37.49 vs. 41.51 and 40.34%, P = 0.03). Among the moderately virulent and virulent-colibacillosis categories, embryo lethality was lower when isolates were non-motile. Yolk retention was unaffected by virulence categories, motility, or MLST.

Conclusion
Interaction between virulence genotype and SM substantially influenced the embryo lethality assay of E. coli isolates.
Annotation-preserving machine translation of English corpora to validate Dutch clinical concept extraction tools
Authors: Seinen Tom M , Kors Jan A , van Mulligen Erik M , Rijnbeek Peter R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
To explore the feasibility of validating Dutch concept extraction tools using annotated corpora translated from English, focusing on preserving annotations during translation and addressing the scarcity of non-English annotated clinical corpora.

Materials and Methods
Three annotated corpora were standardized and translated from English to Dutch using 2 machine translation services, Google Translate and OpenAI GPT-4, with annotations preserved through a proposed method of embedding annotations in the text before translation. The performance of 2 concept extraction tools, MedSpaCy and MedCAT, was assessed across the corpora in both Dutch and English.

Results
The translation process effectively generated Dutch annotated corpora and the concept extraction tools performed similarly in both English and Dutch. Although there were some differences in how annotations were preserved across translations, these did not affect extraction accuracy. Supervised MedCAT models consistently outperformed unsupervised models, whereas MedSpaCy demonstrated high recall but lower precision.

Discussion
Our validation of Dutch concept extraction tools on corpora translated from English was successful, highlighting the efficacy of our annotation preservation method and the potential for efficiently creating multilingual corpora. Further improvements and comparisons of annotation preservation techniques and strategies for corpus synthesis could lead to more efficient development of multilingual corpora and accurate non-English concept extraction tools.

Conclusion
This study has demonstrated that translated English corpora can be used to validate non-English concept extraction tools. The annotation preservation method used during translation proved effective, and future research can apply this corpus translation method to additional languages and clinical settings.
Development of glypican-3-specific chimeric antigen receptor-modified natural killer cells and optimization as a therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cao Bihui , Ni Qianqian , Chen Zhuxin , Yang Shuo , Zhang Xinkui , Su Haotao , Zhang Zhenfeng , Zhao Qi , Zhu Xiaolan , Liu Manting 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly malignant tumor characterized by insidious onset and rapid progression, with limited treatment choices. One treatment modality, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified natural killer (NK) cell immunotherapy, has shown promise for various cancers. However, the treatment efficacy of CAR-NK cells for HCC remain inferior. In this study, we developed two glypican-3 (GPC3)-specific CAR-NK-92 cell lines (GPC3-CAR-NK) and explored their antitumor efficacy for the treatment of HCC. Significant levels of cytokine production and in vitro cytotoxicity were produced following co-culture of GPC3+ HCC cells with the developed GPC3-CAR-NK cells. GC33-G2D-NK cells with NK cell-specific signaling domains showed better activation and killing abilities than GC33-CD28-NK cells containing T-cell-specific signaling domains. Moreover, GC33-G2D-NK cells efficiently eliminated tumors in cell-derived xenograft and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. In an abdominal metastasis model, intraperitoneally delivered GC33-G2D-NK cells showed better antitumor ability than intravenously injected cells. Finally, the combination of microwave ablation (MWA) with GC33-G2D-NK cell administration showed greater CAR-NK infiltration and tumor regression in ablated tumors than monotherapy alone. These findings indicate that administration of GPC3-CAR-NK cells may be a potential strategy for the treatment of HCC, and regional delivery or their combination with MWA may optimize their efficacy against HCC and may have translational value.