bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oligo(borolyl)benzenes—Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Chiu Ching‐Wen , Damme Alexander , Engels Bernd , Gamon Daniela , Hörl Christian , Kupfer Thomas , Krummenacher Ivo , Radacki Krzysztof , Walter Christof 
Published: September 2012

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of boroles that are linked by a conjugated phenylene spacer. The characterization of these compounds was completed by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, as well as X‐ray crystal diffraction. Furthermore, the coordination behavior of these oligoboroles towards five electronically and sterically disparate pyridine derivatives was studied and revealed fundamental differences in the properties of the resulting adducts. The experimental results were supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations that showed a charge‐transfer effect upon formation of the pyridine‐4‐carbonitrile adduct. By chemical reduction of a tris(borolyl)‐substituted benzene derivative, a hexaanion was isolated as a result of a two‐electron reduction of each borolyl moiety. The interaction of the borolyl units through the aryl spacer, and the possible increase of the Lewis acidity due to the conjugation of the borolyl moieties, were investigated by base transfer reactions.
Dose‐response analysis of bromate‐induced DNA damage and mutagenicity is consistent with low‐dose linear, nonthreshold processes
Authors: Spassova Maria A. , Miller David J. , Eastmond David A. , Nikolova Nadejda S. , Vulimiri Suryanarayana V. , Caldwell Jane , Chen Chao , White Paul D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMutagenic agents have long been inferred to act through low‐dose linear, nonthreshold processes. However, there is debate about this assumption, with various studies interpreting datasets as showing thresholds for DNA damage and mutation. We have applied rigorous statistical analyses to investigate the shape of dose‐response relationships for a series of in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity studies using potassium bromate (KBrO3), a water ozonation byproduct that is bioactivated to a reactive species causing oxidative damage to DNA. We analyzed studies of KBrO3 genotoxicity where no‐effect/threshold levels were reported as well as other representative datasets. In all cases, the data were consistent with low‐dose linear models. In the majority of cases, the data were fit either by a linear (straight line) model or a model which was linear at low doses and showed a saturation‐like downward curvature at high doses. Other datasets with apparent upward curvature were still adequately represented by models that were linear at low dose. Sensitivity analysis of datasets showing upward curvature revealed that both low‐dose linear and nonlinear models provide adequate fits. Additionally, a simple biochemical model of selected key processes in bromate‐induced DNA damage was developed and illustrated a situation where response for early primary events suggested an apparent threshold while downstream events were linear. Overall, the statistical analyses of DNA damage and mutations induced by KBrO3 are consistent with a low‐dose linear response and do not provide convincing evidence for the presence of a threshold. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of a treatment algorithm for major depression in an older Brazilian sample
Authors: Ribeiz Salma R. I. , Ávila Renata , Martins Camila B. , Moscoso Marco A. A. , Steffens David C. , Bottino Cássio M. C. 
Published: September 2012

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of a modified version of the Duke Somatic Algorithm Treatment for Geriatric Depression (STAGED) in a Brazilian sample of older patients with major depression. Besides, we aimed to investigate possible baseline predictive factors for remission in this sample.MethodsSixty‐seven depressed individuals were treated according to STAGED over 24 weeks in a prospective cohort design with follow‐up. All patients had criteria for major depression and were at least 60 years of age at baseline enrollment.ResultsDuring this follow‐up, 56 patients could be classified in remitted or not remitted group, 42.85% reached remission, and 57.14% did not reach remission. These results are even better than those found in the original study, probably due to the lower baseline depression severity of our sample. When baseline characteristics were compared between remitted and not remitted groups, scores of Mini Mental State Examination and Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG) were the only variables with statistical significant difference (p < 0.05) between groups. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to try to predict remission and statistical significance (p < 0.05) was found only for baseline MMSE scores. It may mean that patients with mixed cognitive disorders and mood disorders have a worse course of depression.ConclusionsThis version of STAGED seems to be a useful strategy for treatment of depression in late life. Baseline general cognitive performance might be useful to predict remission of depression in older patients with mild to moderate depression. Further research with different population characteristics should be conducted in order to evaluate its usefulness and feasibility in different settings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of a horseradish peroxidase‐catalyzed process for triclosan removal and antibacterial activity reduction
Authors: Melo C. F. , Dezotti M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND: Triclosan is a biocide used in personal care products, and its presence in water bodies has been reported. This compound is suspected to be linked with the emergence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria. In the present work, the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to catalyze triclosan removal.RESULTS: The stoichiometric ratio of H2O2 to triclosan (0.83) was higher than the value predicted by the HRP catalytic cycle (0.5). During the reactions, HRP activity was gradually reduced, likely due to excess H2O2. The addition of veratryl alcohol, syringaldazine and p‐coumaric acid (redox mediators) to the reaction medium, at a mediator/triclosan molar ratio of 1.0, increased triclosan removal from 45% (without a mediator) to 56%, 64% and 80%, respectively. The antibacterial activity of these mediators was much lower than that observed for triclosan.CONCLUSION: The antibacterial activity of triclosan solution was effectively reduced after enzymatic treatment. Moreover, the enzymatic process was proven to be technically feasible for removing triclosan at an environmental relevant concentration. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of porous media types on oil recovery by indigenous microorganisms from a Mexican oil field
Authors: Roldán‐Carrillo Teresa , Castorena‐Cortés Gladys , Reyes‐Avila Jesús , Zapata‐Peñasco Icoquih , Olguín‐Lora Patricia 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies on oil recovery using a packed system have been reported; however, the majority use Berea (quartz). In Mexico, more than 37% of the proven reserves are found in reservoirs formed of carbonate and quartz rocks. In this study, the effects on microbial oil recovery of three types of porous media were evaluated: carbonate (Lm), quartz (Ot), and rock from a Mexican oil reservoir (Ch), formed of carbonate (45%) and quartz (38%).ResultsOil recovery experiments using granulated porous media saturated with oil and two mixed cultures (AF1 and AF2) from a Mexican oil field, were assessed at 70°C under anaerobic conditions. Microbial cultures were composed of thermophilic, fermentative microorganisms, including Thermoanaerobacter, Natronovirga and Geothermobacterium, among others. Biomass production (150–240 mg L–1), substrate consumption (0.1 mg L–1 h–1) and CO2 production (0.10–0.28 mmol L–1) were measured. The systems presented significant differences in recovery (P= 0.000006), and carbonated systems presented the highest oil recovery; the best system combining the AF2 culture with porous medium from a Mexican reservoir (Ch) composed mainly of carbonate, achieving an oil recovery of 23.8%.ConclusionThe efficiency of microbial enhanced oil recovery is dependent on the inoculum and the type of porous medium.
Current trends in international occupational therapy practice
Authors: Punwar Alice 
Published: September 2012

AbstractOccupational therapy has grown and developed into an international field with 43 national associations holding membership in the World Federation of Occupational Therapists (WFOT). This paper reviews the development of WFOT, describes the status of occupational therapy in selected WFOT member countries, and discusses worldwide health problems and current trends in international occupational therapy practice.
Predictors of burden in mothers of physically disabled children
Authors: Tetreault Sylvie , Weiss‐Lambrou Rhoda , Vezina Aline 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe impact a physically disabled child has on the family, particularly the impact of the child on the mother's burden, is a relatively unexplored area of study in the literature. The purpose of the present study was to identify which factors are significantly associated with the burden perceived by mothers of a disabled child. Seventy‐four mothers who had a child with a physical disability, living in Québec, Canada, completed four self‐administered questionnaires which examined certain characteristics of the mother, the child and the environment in relation to burden. The statistical analysis of the data revealed four predictors of burden in mothers of a physically disabled child: the amount of time the mother spent on caregiving, the secondary health problems of the child, the number of years of marriage and the mother's use of specific coping strategies. The findings are discussed in terms of their clinical implications for occupational therapists and recommendations for future studies are proposed.
The quality of occupational therapy evaluated in six outpatients
Authors: Söderback Ingrid , Pekkanen Kerstin , Riedel Dorothee , Krakau Ingvar , Gruvsved Åsa , Härtull Marina , Kratz Gunvor , Lind Anna , Lassfolk Anita 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to analyse the content and evaluate the quality of clinical occupational therapy in outpatients as reported by their respective therapists. An inductive and interpretive technique with special study protocols was developed in Sweden for the study of six patients. Each therapist kept a protocol of the patient's 2–3 months' participation in occupational therapy. The protocols were subsequently interpreted independently by another occupational therapist and a physician. At the end of the study, function and ability had improved in four cases and quality of life in five out of six cases as demonstrated by their ability in activities of daily living.
Qualitative research with people with intellectual disability
Authors: Llewellyn Gwynnyth 
Published: September 2012

AbstractQualitative research methods are gaining popularity in disability research, in particular as a way to explore the personal experience of disability. However, using these methods can be problematic with people traditionally regarded as vulnerable in the research relationship. People with intellectual disability are often so regarded. This paper discusses ethical concerns and issues of research credibility in qualitative research with this group of disabled people. An ethnographic study about the parenting experience of parents with intellectual disability is used to illustrate strategies to achieve credibility in qualitative studies in intellectual disability research.
Methodology for validating the translation of test measurements applied to occupational therapy
Authors: Hachey Raymonds , Jumoorty Jennifer , Mercier Celine 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThere are many evaluations for assessing English‐speaking patients but few standardised instruments exist in other languages. A description of the methodology and procedures for validating the translation of the ‘Role Checklist’ is presented. A research study was conducted, with individuals having a severe mental health disability, using the Role Checklist as the instrument to be validated into French. This checklist assesses productive roles in adult life by indicating the individual's perception of his or her past, present, future roles. The results regarding the reliability and validity of the French version will be discussed. Although the overall results of the French version are good, part 2 of the instrument should be used with caution.
A case study applying a psychodynamic approach to occupational therapy
Authors: Benetton M.J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBy means of a case study, the author presents the most important methodological and technical aspects used to treat patients with psychosis in occupational therapy based on a psychodynamic approach. This study results fundamentally from the connection of three stories each one with its main character. In the first story, the main character is a psychiatric patient (a 20‐year‐old young man having the diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia). In the second story, the main character is ‘occupational therapy in mental health’ (emphasis is put on the psychodynamic approach). In the third story, the main character is an occupational therapist who works in her private office. I hope this study illustrates the constitution of an occupational therapy technique in mental health.
Polymer brushes on flat and curved surfaces: How computer simulations can help to test theories and to interpret experiments
Authors: Binder K. , Milchev A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTheoretical descriptions of static properties of polymer brushes are reviewed, with an emphasis on monodisperse macromolecules grafted to planar, cylindrical, or spherical substrates. Blob concepts and resulting scaling relations are outlined, and various versions of the self‐consistent field theory are summarized: the classical approximation and the strong stretching limit, as well as the lattice formulation. The physical justification of various inherent assumptions is discussed, and computer simulation results addressing the test of the validity of these approximations are reviewed. Also, alternative theories, such as the single chain mean field theory and the density functional theory, are briefly mentioned, and the main facts about the models used in the computer simulations are summarized. Both molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations are described, the latter including lattice models and bead‐spring models in the continuum. Also extensions such as brush–brush interactions or nanoparticles inside of brushes as well as the solubility of free chains in brushes are briefly mentioned. Pertinent experimental results, though still somewhat scarce, are mentioned throughout and their consequences on the status of the theoretical understanding of polymer brushes is emphasized. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Student empowerment in an environmental science classroom: Toward a framework for social justice science education
Authors: Dimick Alexandra Schindel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSocial justice education is undertheorized in science education. Given the wide range of goals and purposes proposed within both social justice education and social justice science education scholarship, these fields require reconciliation. In this paper, I suggest a student empowerment framework for conceptualizing teaching and learning social justice science education in classroom settings. I utilize this framework to analyze the case study of a high school environmental science classroom in the United States where the teacher and students created environmental action projects that were relevant to their community. I examine how social, political, and academic empowerment were or were not enacted within the classroom and argue for educators to give heed to all three simultaneously to mediate student empowerment while working toward social justice science education. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 96: 990–1012, 2012
Light‐Governed Capillary Flow in Microfluidic Systems
Authors: Jiang Li , Erickson David 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLight‐based flow systems for point‐of‐care devices are of interest because, in principle, sunlight could be used to operate them, potentially allowing for high functionality with minimal device complexity and expense. A light‐operated method to drive flow using poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), a ‘smart’ polymer that changes wettability as a function of temperature, is introduced. It is grafted onto a carbon black‐polydimethylsiloxane surface, which converts light into a thermal pattern that valves flow at user‐defined locations. Flow rates are demonstrated ranging from 4 μL min−1 at 25 °C to 0.1 μL min−1 at 40 °C. The valving dynamics are also characterised, and a response time of less than 4 s is shown. Light‐operated flow could provide the simple architecture and advanced functionality needed in low‐resource point‐of‐care devices.
A protocol to compare nestedness among submatrices
Authors: Strona Giovanni , Stefani Fabrizio , Galli Paolo , Fattorini Simone 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSearching for nestedness has become a popular exercise in community ecology. Significance of a nestedness index is usually evaluated using z values, and finding that a matrix is nested is typically a common result. However, nestedness is not likely to be spread uniformly within a matrix of species presence/absence per site. Selected parts of the matrix may show a degree of nestedness significantly higher (or lower) than expected from the overall pattern. Here we describe a procedure to assess if a particular submatrix (i.e., a peculiar combination of rows and columns extracted from the complete matrix) is more or less nested than expected for an assortment of sites and species taken at random from the same overall matrix. The idea is to obtain several submatrices of different sizes from the same overall matrix and to calculate their z values. A regression is then performed between z values of submatrices and their sizes. A nestedness index independent of matrix size is suggested as the deviation of the z value of a particular submatrix from that expected according to the regression line. We applied our protocol to 55 matrices with different nestedness indices under various null‐models and, for purpose of demonstration, we discussed in detail a single case study regarding various animal groups of the Aegean Islands (Greece). The obtained results strongly encourage further research to focus not only on the question whether a matrix is nested or not, but also on where and why nestedness is confined.
Affordances for second language learning in World of Warcraft
Authors: Rama Paul S. , Black Rebecca W. , van Es Elizabeth , Warschauer Mark 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWhat are the affordances of online gaming environments for second language learning and socialization? To answer this question, this qualitative study examines two college-age Spanish learners’ experiences participating in the Spanish language version of the massively multi-player online game World of Warcraft. Using data culled from participant observation, interviews, logs of in-game chat, and student journal entries, we describe how the design of the game, cultural norms for its use, and participants’ own abilities interact to afford distinct opportunities for language learning for these two students. Discussion focuses on how online games might be used for language teaching and learning in ways that take full advantage of the medium's affordances for both experienced and inexperienced players.
First Report of Pitch Canker Disease Caused by Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii on Pinus sylvestris in China
Authors: You C. J. , Tian C. M. , Liang Y. M. , Dong X. B. , Tsui C. 
Published: September 2012

In November 2010, pitch canker disease was first discovered on Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. from Daxinganling region in Inner Mongolia Province, China, resulting in severe dieback and bark cracking on the host, accompanied by resin flowing profusely from cankers on the infected branches, cones, and trunks (2). The early stage symptoms consisted of sunken cankers, reddish-brown needles on infected twigs followed by heavy resin soaking of the wood as the disease progressed. Pieces of pitch-soaked wood (3 × 3 mm2) cut from cankerous tissue on branches were surface-sterilized with 0.4% NaOCl for 2 min and then rinsed twice in sterile distilled water. The fragments were placed on potato dextrose agar and incubated at 28°C in the dark. After 7 to 8 days, this process consistently yielded cultures with whitish, dense, aerial mycelium that later darkened to gray. Microconidia were single, oblong to cylindrical, aseptate, and 4 to 10 × 2 to 4 μm. Macroconidia were hyaline, 1- to 2-septate, oblong to cylindrical, with tiny papillae at both ends, and 10 to 13 × 2 to 5 μm, fitting the description of Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii (1). To verify the identification based on morphological features, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal RNA genes was amplified using primers ITS1 (TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG) and ITS4 (TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC) according to the published protocol (3), and then sequenced and compared to the GenBank database through BLAST search. Comparison of the sequences revealed 98% homology to R. kalkhoffii (EU700375.1 and EU700376.1). Representative sequences of R. kalkhoffii (JQ353721 and JQ353722) were deposited in GenBank. The pathogenicity of two representative isolates of R. kalkhoffii was also confirmed by spraying 40 μl of conidial suspension (4.6 × 106 conidia/ml) on the bark surface of 20 2-year-old healthy pine seedlings, wounded by scratching with a sterilized knife. Sterile distilled water sprays were used for the controls. Within 4 to 8 weeks after inoculation, 90% of inoculated P. sylvestris exhibited symptoms of pitch cankers around the inoculation site similar to those on the original infection. R. kalkhoffii was consistently reisolated from all inoculated plants but not from water-treated controls, fulfilling Koch's postulates. R. kalkhoffii have previously been documented as pathogens of needle blight of Picea pungens (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of R. kalkhoffii as a pathogen on Pinus sylvestris in China, and furthermore, pitch canker disease is currently listed as a quarantine disease in China, increasing the significance of this report. References: (1) J. Kumi et al. Eur. J. Forest Pathol. 9:35, 1979. (2) J. K. Lee et al. Plant Pathol. 16:52, 2000. (3) T. J. White et al. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1990.