bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel mixed‐mode brittle fracture criterion for crack growth path prediction under static and fatigue loading
Authors: Sajjadi S. H. , Ostad Ahmad Ghorabi M. J. , Salimi‐Majd D. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this paper, in order to predict the crack growth direction and fracture load under mixed modes I and II loading, a new criterion is proposed. For this purpose, after reviewing existing criteria, an effective stress is defined so as to include the influential stress components in fracture and exclude insignificant ones. Moreover, investigations show that most criteria predict a certain angle of fracture in pure mode II independent of material properties, although the experimental results are noticeably different for various materials. To solve this problem, effects of the ratio of fracture toughness for pure mode II to that of pure mode I are considered by defining a new material parameter. To verify the suggested criterion, after characterization of the newly defined material parameter, the predicted values using this criterion for the mixed‐mode conditions are computed. The predicted results show a good agreement with the experimental results.
Changes in soil moisture drive soil methane uptake along a fire regeneration chronosequence in a eucalypt forest landscape
Authors: Fest Benedikt , Wardlaw Tim , Livesley Stephen J. , Duff Thomas J. , Arndt Stefan K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDisturbance associated with severe wildfires (WF) and WF simulating harvest operations can potentially alter soil methane (CH4) oxidation in well‐aerated forest soils due to the effect on soil properties linked to diffusivity, methanotrophic activity or changes in methanotrophic bacterial community structure. However, changes in soil CH4 flux related to such disturbances are still rarely studied even though WF frequency is predicted to increase as a consequence of global climate change. We measured in‐situ soil–atmosphere CH4 exchange along a wet sclerophyll eucalypt forest regeneration chronosequence in Tasmania, Australia, where the time since the last severe fire or harvesting disturbance ranged from 9 to >200 years. On all sampling occasions, mean CH4 uptake increased from most recently disturbed sites (9 year) to sites at stand ‘maturity’ (44 and 76 years). In stands >76 years since disturbance, we observed a decrease in soil CH4 uptake. A similar age dependency of potential CH4 oxidation for three soil layers (0.0–0.05, 0.05–0.10, 0.10–0.15 m) could be observed on incubated soils under controlled laboratory conditions. The differences in soil CH4 uptake between forest stands of different age were predominantly driven by differences in soil moisture status, which affected the diffusion of atmospheric CH4 into the soil. The observed soil moisture pattern was likely driven by changes in interception or evapotranspiration with forest age, which have been well described for similar eucalypt forest systems in south‐eastern Australia. Our results imply that there is a large amount of variability in CH4 uptake at a landscape scale that can be attributed to stand age and soil moisture differences. An increase in severe WF frequency in response to climate change could potentially increase overall forest soil CH4 sinks.
Clinical Pain Catastrophizing in Women With Migraine and Obesity
Authors: Bond Dale S. , Buse Dawn C. , Lipton Richard B. , Thomas J. Graham , Rathier Lucille , Roth Julie , Pavlovic Jelena M. , Evans E. Whitney , Wing Rena R. 
Published: June 2015

Objective/BackgroundObesity is related to migraine. Maladaptive pain coping strategies (eg, pain catastrophizing) may provide insight into this relationship. In women with migraine and obesity, we cross‐sectionally assessed: (1) prevalence of clinical catastrophizing; (2) characteristics of those with and without clinical catastrophizing; and (3) associations of catastrophizing with headache features.MethodsObese women migraineurs seeking weight loss treatment (n = 105) recorded daily migraine activity for 1 month via smartphone and completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Clinical catastrophizing was defined as total PCS score ≥30. The six‐item Headache Impact Test (HIT‐6), 12‐item Allodynia Symptom Checklist (ASC‐12), Headache Management Self‐Efficacy Scale (HMSE), and assessments for depression (Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and anxiety (seven‐item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale) were also administered. Using PCS scores and body mass index (BMI) as predictors in linear regression, we modeled a series of headache features (ie, headache days, HIT‐6, etc) as outcomes.ResultsOne quarter (25.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.2‐34.1%) of participants met criteria for clinical catastrophizing: they had higher BMI (37.9 ± 7.5 vs 34.4 ± 5.7 kg/m2, P = .035); longer migraine attack duration (160.8 ± 145.0 vs 97.5 ± 75.2 hours/month, P = .038); higher HIT‐6 scores (68.7 ± 4.6 vs 64.5 ± 3.9, P < .001); more allodynia (7.0 ± 4.1 vs 4.5 ± 3.5, P < .003), depression (25.4 ± 12.4 vs 13.3 ± 9.2, P < .001), and anxiety (11.0 ± 5.2 vs 5.6 ± 4.1, P < .001); and lower self‐efficacy (80.1 ± 25.6 vs 104.7 ± 18.9, P < .001) compared with participants without clinical catastrophizing. The odds of chronic migraine were nearly fourfold greater in those with (n = 8/29.6%) vs without (n = 8/10.3%) clinical catastrophizing (odds ratio = 3.68; 95%CI = 1.22‐11.10, P = .021). In all participants, higher PCS scores were related to more migraine days (β = 0.331, P = .001), longer attack duration (β = 0.390, P < .001), higher HIT‐6 scores (β = 0.425, P < .001), and lower HMSE scores (β = −0.437, P < .001). Higher BMI, but not higher PCS scores, was related to more frequent attacks (β = −0.203, P = .044).ConclusionsOne quarter of participants with migraine and obesity reported clinical catastrophizing. These individuals had more frequent attacks/chronicity, longer attack duration, higher pain sensitivity, greater headache impact, and lower headache management self‐efficacy. In all participants, PCS scores were related to several migraine characteristics, above and beyond the effects of obesity. Prospective studies are needed to determine sequence and mechanisms of relationships between catastrophizing, obesity, and migraine.
Cloaked in ubiquitin, a killer hides in plain sight: the molecular regulation of RIPK1
Authors: Justus Scott J. , Ting Adrian T. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryIn the past decade, studies have shown how instrumental programmed cell death (PCD) can be in innate and adaptive immune responses. PCD can be a means to maintain homeostasis, prevent or promote microbial pathogenesis, and drive autoimmune disease and inflammation. The molecular machinery regulating these cell death programs has been examined in detail, although there is still much to be explored. A master regulator of programmed cell death and innate immunity is receptor‐interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), which has been implicated in orchestrating various pathologies via the induction of apoptosis, necroptosis, and nuclear factor‐κB‐driven inflammation. These and other roles for RIPK1 have been reviewed elsewhere. In a reflection of the ability of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) to induce either survival or death response, this molecule in the TNF pathway can transduce either a survival or a death signal. The intrinsic killing capacity of RIPK1 is usually kept in check by the chains of ubiquitin, enabling it to serve in a prosurvival capacity. In this review, the intricate regulatory mechanisms responsible for restraining RIPK1 from killing are discussed primarily in the context of the TNF signaling pathway and how, when these mechanisms are disrupted, RIPK1 is free to unveil its program of cellular demise.
Damage Tolerance and Extensive Plastic Deformation of β‐Yb2Si2O7 from Room to High Temperatures
Authors: Tian Zhilin , Zheng Liya , Wang Jiemin , Yang Jinbo , Yang Guang , Wang Jingyang 
Published: June 2015

β‐Yb2Si2O7 is a promising environmental barrier coating (EBC) material and recently attracted attention for its damage tolerance. To investigate the mechanisms of its damage tolerance and possible plasticity, dense β‐Yb2Si2O7 sample was synthesized by in situ reaction/hot‐pressing method, and its mechanical properties were measured from room to high temperatures. The low magnitudes of hardness to Young's modulus ratio HV/E, shear modulus to bulk modulus ratio G/B, and high fracture toughness to strength ratio KIC/σ provide evidences of damage tolerance of β‐Yb2Si2O7. β‐Yb2Si2O7 exhibits extensive plastic deformation in Hertzian contact tests at both room and high temperatures. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations show that the deformation mechanisms are different at low and high temperatures. Deformation twinning and parallel dislocation arrangement occur in plastic deformation at room temperature. Above the brittle‐to‐ductile transition temperature (between 1200°C and 1300°C), plastic deformation brings out extensive slip and climb of dislocations, while twinning is seldom observed. Measurement of temperature‐dependent dynamic Young's modulus demonstrates excellent elastic stiffness retention up to 1300°C.
Zinc deficiency impairs the renewal of hippocampal neural stem cells in adult rats: involvement of FoxO3a activation and downstream p27kip1 expression
Authors: Han Jingling , Zhao Jianya , Jiang Junkang , Ma Xia , Liu Xinhang , Wang Cheng , Jiang Shengyang , Wan Chunhua 
Published: June 2015

AbstractZinc plays an important role in the development and maintenance of central neural system. Zinc deficiency has been known to alter normal brain function, whose molecular mechanism remains largely elusive. In the present study, we established a zinc deficiency‐exposed rat model, and, using western blot and immunohistochemical analyses, found that the expression of FoxO3a and p27kip1 was remarkably up‐regulated in the rat brain hippocampus. Immunofluorescence assay showed that FOXO3a and p27kip1 were significantly co‐localized with nestin, the marker of neural stem cells (NSCs). Furthermore, we identified that the proportion of proliferating NSCs was markedly decreased in zinc‐deficient rat hippocampaus. Using C17.2 neural stem cells, it was revealed that exposure to zinc chelator N,N,N’,N’‐tetrakis‐(2‐pyridylmethy) ethylenediamine induced the expression of FoxO3a and p27kip1, which coincided with reduced NSC proliferation. Furthermore, depletion of FoxO3a inhibited p27kip1 expression and restored the growth of NSCs. On the basis of these data, we concluded that FoxO3a/p27kip1 signaling might play a significant role in zinc deficiency‐induced growth impairment of NSCs and consequent neurological disorders.
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We describe here that zinc deficiency induces the proliferative impairment of hippocampal neural stem cells partially through the activation of FOXO3a‐p27 axis in rats. Neural progenitor cells exhibited significantly up‐regulated expression of FOXO3a and p27 after zinc deficiency in vivo and in vitro. Depletion of FOXO3a ameliorates zinc deficiency‐induced expression of p27 and growth impairment of neural stem cells. We provide novel insight into the mechanisms underlying zinc deficiency‐induced neurological deficits.
Transcatheter Closure of Coronary Artery Fistulae: Considerations and Approaches Based on Fistula Origin
Authors: Xiao Yunbin , Gowda Srinath T. , Chen Zhi , Delaney Jeffrey W. , Amin Zahid , Latson Larry A. , Kutty Shelby 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate technical approaches for transcatheter closure of coronary artery fistula based on anatomic type of the fistula.BackgroundThe variability in coronary artery fistulae (CAF) anatomy that necessitates different transcatheter closure (TCC) approaches has not been well documented.MethodsRecords of patients with CAF who underwent TCC at 2 centers were reviewed for technical details and procedural outcome. CAF were classified as proximal and distal. TCC approaches employed were arterio‐venous or arterio‐arterial loop, retrograde arterial, and antegrade venous.ResultsEighteen patients with CAF, mean age 12.6 years (0.07–60), 11 male (61%), underwent TCC. All CAF drained predominantly into the right side of the heart. Types of CAF were proximal in 15 and distal in 3 patients. CAF calibers were large in 7, medium in 9, and small in 2 patients. The arterio‐venous loop approach was used in the majority of the cases (11 patients) and the CAF size were medium to large. The retrograde arterial approach was used in 4; of these, 3 patients had small to medium sized CAF. In 2 patients with long tortuous CAF an antegrade venous approach was employed. TCC was successful in 17 of the 18 patients (94.4%). There were no peri‐procedural deaths or vascular complications.ConclusionsThis study documents transcatheter closure approaches for CAF and device selection based on fistula origin. The choices of TCC technique and device selection vary, and are primarily determined by the heterogeneous anatomic characteristics of the fistulae.
Genetic association between VEGF polymorphisms and BRONJ in the Korean population
Authors: Choi H , Lee JH , Lee J‐H , Kim J‐H 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) polymorphisms and bisphosphonate‐related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) in the Korean population.Subjects and MethodsForty‐five individuals (2 men, 43 women; mean age: 68.7 ± 12.3 years) were recruited for this study. All visited the Yonsei University Dental Hospital for surgical intervention from January 2012 to January 2013 and had a history of bisphosphonate (BP) administration (oral and/or intravenous). Patients were allocated to case (n = 26) or control (n = 19) groups according to the patients' selection criteria. Association between three VEGF single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs699947 (‐2578 C>A), rs2010963 (‐634 G>C) and rs3025039 (+936 C>T)) and BRONJ were investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis and Fisher's exact test where appropriate (α = 0.05).ResultsThe CC homozygotes of rs2010963 and rs3025039 of VEGF gene were associated with an increased risk of BRONJ (P = 0.04, 0.03, respectively). In haplotype analysis, no differences in haplotype C‐C (‐2578/‐634) and haplotype C‐C‐C (‐2578/‐634/+936) were observed.ConclusionThe CC homozygotes of rs2010963 and rs3025039 polymorphisms in the VEGF gene were associated with an increased risk of BRONJ in the Korean population. Further epidemiological cohort studies with a larger sample size would be required to confirm the suggestive correlations.
Basipetal auxin versus acropetal cytokinin transport, and their interaction with NO3 fertilisation in cotyledon senescence and sink:source relationships in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Authors: Bangerth K.‐F. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe paramount role of cytokinins (CKs) in initiation, as well as prevention, of senescence is well established. In recent years, experimental methods have become available to raise and lower the CK concentration and experimentally manipulate senescence. Decapitating the apical shoot and adding the synthetic auxin naphthylacetic acid to the cut stem reduced endogenous CKs to low levels. Conversely, if no auxin was applied, xylem and leaf CK levels increased dramatically, indicating that basipolar auxin transport is a key determinant in the synthesis of CKs and is potentially more important than NO3. Manipulating the concentration of applied NO3 caused considerable variation in leaf CK levels and concomitant changes in senescence. These and other results suggest that the frequently discussed decrease in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) may be more highly regulated by CKs than by NO3. Analysis of the re‐metabolisation and re‐allocation of chlorophyll, proteins, amino acids and starch in three different cucumber cultivars indirectly showed that these metabolites were significantly affected by the concentration of CKs in the leaves. Further research in this area may allow leaf senescence and plant yield to be more efficiently regulated by manipulating CKs and/or basipolar auxin transport instead of nitrate.
Cryopreservation and In Vitro culture of Preimplantation Embryos in Djungarian Hamster (Phodopus sungorus)
Authors: Brusentsev EYu , Abramova TO , Rozhkova IN , Igonina TN , Naprimerov VA , Feoktistova NYu , Amstislavsky SYa 
Published: June 2015

ContentsAlthough embryo cryobanking was applied to Syrian golden and to Campbell's hamsters, no attempt has been made at freezing embryos in Djungarian hamsters. Four‐cell stage embryos were flushed from the reproductive ducts of pregnant females before noon of the third‐day post coitum and frozen in 0.25‐ml straws according to standard procedures of slow cooling. A mixture of permeating (ethylene glycol) and non‐permeating (sucrose) cryoprotectants was used. The thawing was performed by incubating at RT for 40 s followed by 40 s in a water bath at 30.0°C. Most (66.7%) of the non‐frozen four‐cell embryos developed up to the morula stage in rat one‐cell embryo culture medium (R1ECM). The use of hamster embryo culture medium (HECM) yielded fewer morulas (18.2%) during the same 24‐h period of culture. The rate of embryo's surviving the freezing–thawing procedures, as estimated by light microscopy, was 60.7–68.8%. After 24‐h culturing in R1ECM, 64.7% of frozen–thawed four‐cell embryos developed and all of them reached the morula stage. Supplementation of R1ECM with GM‐CSF (2 ng/ml) improved the rate of Djungarian hamster frozen–thawed embryo development: 100% of the four‐cell stage embryos developed, 50% of them achieved the morula stage, and 50% developed even further and reached the blastocyst stage within 24 h of culturing. This study reports the world's first successful transfer of frozen–thawed Djungarian hamster embryos yielding term pups. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate the possibility of applying some key reproductive technologies, that is, embryo freezing/cryopreservation and in vitro culture, to Djungarian hamsters.
Effects of intravenous administration of tranexamic acid on hematological, hemostatic, and thromboelastographic analytes in healthy adult dogs
Authors: Kelmer Efrat , Segev Gilad , Papashvilli Victoria , Rahimi‐Levene Naomi , Bruchim Yaron , Aroch Itamar , Klainbart Sigal 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effects of tranexamic acid (TA) on hematological, hemostatic, and thromboelastographic analytes in healthy adult dogs.DesignProspective study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsEleven healthy, staff‐owned, adult dogs.Measurements and Main ResultsDogs were administered TA as an IV bolus, followed by a 3‐hour constant rate infusion (CRI). Complete blood count, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, D‐dimer, antithrombin, fibrinogen, and thromboelastography (TEG) were measured prior to, and immediately after TA administration. Vomiting occurred transiently in the first 2 treated dogs, immediately after 20 and 15 mg/kg IV boluses, but not during the CRI. In all other dogs the TA IV bolus dose was reduced to 10 mg/kg, and administered slower, and vomiting did not occur. All measured hemostatic and hematological analytes remained within their reference intervals, however, following TA treatment, significant decreases were recorded in prothrombin time, TEG R and A30 values, Hct, and hemoglobin concentration, while the TEG LY30 significantly increased.ConclusionsAdministration of TA as a slow IV bolus at 10 mg/kg, followed by a 10 mg/kg/h CRI over 3 hours to healthy dogs is safe; however, its effect on TEG A30, A60, LY30, and LY60 values was inconsistent with its expected anti‐fibrinolytic properties.
Implementation of the floods directive in selected EU member states
Authors: Nones Michael 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTo reduce the flood risk at European scale, the Floods Directive (FD) became into force in 2007. Each member state had transposed the directive in national laws and guidelines, generating a quite spotted situation. This work is intended to compare and briefly assess the implementation process on rivers in selected European countries by means of the available literature and a specific questionnaire. Different structures, methodologies and data conditions used for preliminary flood risk assessment, flood hazard maps, flood risk maps and flood risk management plans are here presented and analysed. To minimise the flood risk, the technical differences between the EU countries need to be reduced in the next implementation cycles of the FD.
Hierarchical and symmetric infant image registration by robust longitudinal‐example‐guided correspondence detection
Authors: Wu Yao , Wu Guorong , Wang Li , Munsell Brent C. , Wang Qian , Lin Weili , Feng Qianjin , Chen Wufan , Shen Dinggang 
Published: June 2015

Purpose:To investigate anatomical differences across individual subjects, or longitudinal changes in early brain development, it is important to perform accurate image registration. However, due to fast brain development and dynamic tissue appearance changes, it is very difficult to align infant brain images acquired from birth to 1‐yr‐old.Methods:To solve this challenging problem, a novel image registration method is proposed to align two infant brain images, regardless of age at acquisition. The main idea is to utilize the growth trajectories, or spatial‐temporal correspondences, learned from a set of longitudinal training images, for guiding the registration of two different time‐point images with different image appearances. Specifically, in the training stage, an intrinsic growth trajectory is first estimated for each training subject using the longitudinal images. To register two new infant images with potentially a large age gap, the corresponding images patches between each new image and its respective training images with similar age are identified. Finally, the registration between the two new images can be assisted by the learned growth trajectories from one time point to another time point that have been established in the training stage. To further improve registration accuracy, the proposed method is combined with a hierarchical and symmetric registration framework that can iteratively add new key points in both images to steer the estimation of the deformation between the two infant brain images under registration.Results:To evaluate image registration accuracy, the proposed method is used to align 24 infant subjects at five different time points (2‐week‐old, 3‐month‐old, 6‐month‐old, 9‐month‐old, and 12‐month‐old). Compared to the state‐of‐the‐art methods, the proposed method demonstrated superior registration performance.Conclusions:The proposed method addresses the difficulties in the infant brain registration and produces better results compared to existing state‐of‐the‐art registration methods.