bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the Downshear Reformation of a Tropical Cyclone
Authors: Nguyen Leon T. , Molinari John 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The downshear reformation of Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2001) was simulated at 1-km horizontal resolution using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. The environmental shear tilted the initial parent vortex downshear left and forced azimuthal wavenumber-1 kinematic, thermodynamic, and convective asymmetries. The combination of surface enthalpy fluxes and a lack of penetrative downdrafts right of shear allowed boundary layer moist entropy to increase to a maximum downshear right. This contributed to convective instability that fueled the downshear convection. Within this convection, an intense mesovortex rapidly developed, with maximum boundary layer relative vorticity reaching 2.2 × 10−2 s−1. Extreme vortex stretching played a key role in the boundary layer spinup of the mesovortex. Cyclonic vorticity remained maximized in the boundary layer and intensified upward with the growth of the convective plume.
The circulation associated with the mesovortex and adjacent localized cyclonic vorticity anomalies comprised a developing “inner vortex” on the downshear-left (downtilt) periphery of the parent cyclonic circulation. The inner vortex was nearly upright within a parent vortex that was tilted significantly with height. This inner vortex became the dominant vortex of the system, advecting and absorbing the broad, tilted parent vortex. The reduction of tropical cyclone (TC) vortex tilt from 65 to 20 km in 3 h reflected the emerging dominance of this upright inner vortex. The authors hypothesize that downshear reformation, resulting from diabatic heating associated with asymmetric convection, can aid the TC’s resistance to shear by reducing vortex tilt and by enabling more diabatic heating to occur near the center, a region known to favor TC intensification.
Improving Arctic Sea Ice Prediction Using PIOMAS Initial Sea Ice Thickness in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Model
Authors: Collow Thomas W. , Wang Wanqiu , Kumar Arun , Zhang Jinlun 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Because sea ice thickness is known to influence future patterns of sea ice concentration, it is likely that an improved initialization of sea ice thickness in a coupled ocean–atmosphere model would improve Arctic sea ice cover forecasts. Here, two sea ice thickness datasets as possible candidates for forecast initialization were investigated: the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) and the Pan-Arctic Ice Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS). Using Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) data, it was shown that the PIOMAS dataset had a more realistic representation of sea ice thickness than CFSR. Subsequently, both March CFSR and PIOMAS sea ice thicknesses were used to initialize hindcasts using the Climate Forecast System, version 2 (CFSv2), model. A second set of model runs was also done in which the original model physics were modified to more physically reasonable settings—namely, increasing the number of marine stratus clouds in the Arctic region and enabling realistic representation of the ice–ocean heat flux. Hindcasts were evaluated using sea ice concentration observations from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Team and Bootstrap algorithms. Results show that using PIOMAS initial sea ice thickness in addition to the physics modifications yielded significant improvement in the prediction of September Arctic sea ice extent along with increased interannual predictive skill. Significant local improvements in sea ice concentration were also seen in distinct regions for the change to PIOMAS initial thickness or the physics adjustments, with the most improvement occurring when these changes were applied concurrently.
Life after Tracheostomy
Authors: McCormick Michael E. , Ward Erin , Roberson David W. , Shah Rahul K. , Stachler Robert J. , Brenner Michael J. 
Published: August 2015

ObjectiveTo report patient/family experiences and outcomes after tracheostomyStudy DesignInternational survey of patients and families with tracheostomy.SettingCollaboration of the Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Committee of the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery and the Global Tracheostomy Collaborative.MethodsA 50‐item survey was developed with multistakeholder collaboration. The survey was disseminated via international social networks used by patients with a tracheostomy and their families. Qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed.ResultsOf 220 respondents, 90% cared for a pediatric patient with a tracheostomy. Only 48% of respondents felt “very prepared” at time of discharge, and 11% did not receive emergency preparedness training prior to discharge. Home nursing needs were inadequately met in 17% of families, with resulting difficulties shortly after discharge; 14% sought emergent care within 1 week of discharge. Nearly half of respondents indicated a desire to have met with a patient with a tracheostomy prior to surgery but were not offered that opportunity. Fragmented care or limited teamwork was reported by 32% of respondents, whereas tracheotomy care was described as “integrated” or “maximally integrated” for 67%.ConclusionWhile many families report satisfaction with tracheostomy care, opportunities remain for improving care. This study highlights the importance of teaching, teamwork, and smoothing transition from the hospital. Potential quality improvement areas include standardizing tracheostomy teaching for routine and emergency needs and optimizing postdischarge support and coordination. Prior to surgery, connecting families to people with a tracheostomy may also be beneficial.
Multiple sclerosis patients have a diminished serologic response to vitamin D supplementation compared to healthy controls
Authors: Bhargava Pavan , Steele Sonya U , Waubant Emmanuelle , Revirajan Nisha R , Marcus Jacqueline , Dembele Marieme , Cassard Sandra D , Hollis Bruce W , Crainiceanu Ciprian , Mowry Ellen M. 
Published: August 2015

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS), and patients do not always show the expected response to vitamin D supplementation. Objective: We aimed to determine if vitamin D supplementation leads to a similar increase in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) levels in patients with MS and healthy controls (HCs). Methods: Participants in this open-label study were female, white, aged 18–60 years, had 25(OH)D levels ⩽ 75 nmol/l at screening, and had relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) or were HCs. Participants received 5000 IU/day of vitamin D3 for 90 days. Utilizing generalized estimating equations we examined the relationship between the primary outcome (serum 25(OH)D level) and the primary (MS versus HC status) and secondary predictors. Results: For this study 27 MS patients and 30 HCs were enrolled. There was no significant difference in baseline 25(OH)D level or demographics except for higher body mass index (BMI) in the MS group (25.3 vs. 23.6 kg/m2, p=0.035). In total, 24 MS subjects and 29 HCs completed the study. In a multivariate model accounting for BMI, medication adherence, and oral contraceptive use, MS patients had a 16.7 nmol/l (95%CI: 4.2, 29.2, p=0.008) lower increase in 25(OH)D levels compared with HCs. Conclusions: Patients with MS had a lower increase in 25(OH)D levels with supplementation, even after accounting for putative confounders.
Identification and characterization of VEGF-A–responsive neutrophils expressing CD49d, VEGFR1, and CXCR4 in mice and humans
Authors: Massena Sara , Christoffersson Gustaf , Vågesjö Evelina , Seignez Cédric , Gustafsson Karin , Binet François , Herrera Hidalgo Carmen , Giraud Antoine , Lomei Jalal , Weström Simone , Shibuya Masabumi , Claesson-Welsh Lena , Gerwins Pär , Welsh Michael , Kreuger Johan , Phillipson Mia 
Published: August 2015

Key PointsCirculating CD49d+VEGFR1highCXCR4high neutrophils that stimulate angiogenesis at sites of hypoxia were identified in mice and humans. This subset was recruited to tissue by VEGF-A in a VEGFR1- and VEGFR2-dependent manner, and anti-CD49d therapy inhibited their extravasation.
Structures, Dynamic Behavior, and Spectroscopic Properties of 1,8-Anthrylene–Ethenylene Cyclic Dimers and Their Substituent Effects
Authors: Inoue Masataka , Iwanaga Tetsuo , Toyota Shinji 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Cyclic compounds consisting of two 1,8-anthrylene units and two ethenylene linkers were studied as π-conjugated compounds. Three derivatives having substituents (H, Me, and Ph) at the linker moieties were synthesized by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling of the corresponding diethenylanthracene boronic esters with 1,8-diiodo-10-mesitylanthracene. The X-ray analysis and DFT calculations revealed that all the compounds had nonplanar cyclic frameworks where the two ethenylene linkers were syn to the anthracene units. Exchanges between the two syn forms were observed from the line shape changes in the 1H NMR signals of the mesityl group. Their barriers increased in the order of H, Ph, and Me compounds from 34 to 70 kJ mol−1. The effects of substituents on the molecular structure, dynamic behavior, and electronic properties are discussed.
Creating an organization: the legal and accounting aspects
Authors: Поленова  , Polenova S. , Зелинская  , Zelinskaya Ya. 
Published: August 2015

Organizing, legal and account components of the creation to organizations pawn the bases of the efficient work in the future. In this connection necessary exact performing the rules corresponding to normative legal documentation, which the main positions are presented in article, as well as decision of the account
problems, not regulated in her. Author’s understanding the possible variant of the reflection is motivated in accounting economic operation, appearing when forming the juridical person.
Accounting small business: national and international standards
Authors: Филобокова  , Filobokova L. 
Published: August 2015

From 1 January of the current year, the legal regulation of accounting is a system of Federal and industry standards, with a given vector of development and reform
of the national accounting system in the direction of the IFRS and the presence of an appropriate standard for small and medium businesses, strategically expand
the circle of participants in the relationship and provides small businesses access to the global market, which is considered by the author as one of the most important
conditions for increasing competitiveness and fostering a competitive environment in the national economy.
Do Boys and Girls Use Computers Differently, and Does It Contribute to Why Boys do Worse in School Than Girls?
Authors: Fairlie Robert W. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Boys are doing worse in school than are girls, which has been dubbed “the Boy Crisis.” An analysis of the latest data on educational outcomes among boys and girls reveals extensive disparities in grades, reading and writing test scores, and other measurable educational outcomes, and these disparities exist across family resources and race. Focusing on disadvantaged schoolchildren, I then examine whether time investments made by boys and girls related to computer use contribute to the gender gap in academic achievement. Data from several sources indicate that boys are less likely to use computers for schoolwork and are more likely to use computers for playing games, but are less likely to use computers for social networking and email than are girls. Using data from a large field experiment randomly providing free personal computers to schoolchildren for home use, I also test whether these differential patterns of computer use displace homework time and ultimately translate into worse educational outcomes among boys. No evidence is found indicating that personal computers crowd out homework time and effort for disadvantaged boys relative to girls. Home computers also do not have negative effects on educational outcomes such as grades, test scores, courses completed, and tardies for disadvantaged boys relative to girls.
A Preliminary Study of the Utilization of Maximal and Rapid Strength Characteristics to Identify Chair-Rise Performance Abilities in Very Old Adults
Authors: Palmer Ty B. , Thiele Ryan M. , Conchola Eric C. , Smith Douglas B. , Thompson Brennan J. 
Published: August 2015

Background:
Maximal and rapid strength characteristics of the knee extensor and flexor muscles play an important role in fall prevention and walking-related performances; however, few studies have investigated the ability of these variables to identify chair-rise performances in very old adults.

Purpose:
To examine the effectiveness of maximal and rapid isometric strength characteristics of the knee extensors and flexors to differentiate between very old adults who are able (higher functioning) versus unable (lower functioning) to independently rise from a chair.

Methods:
Nine higher functioning (age, 87 ± 6 years) and 6 lower functioning (age, 89 ± 6 years) very old adults performed 2 isometric maximal voluntary contractions of the knee extensors and flexors. Peak moment and absolute and relative rate of moment development (RMD) at the early (0-50 ms) and late (0-200 ms) phases of muscle contraction were examined during each maximal voluntary contraction.

Results:
Absolute and relative RMD values at 0 to 50 ms were greater (P = .02 and .03, respectively) in the higher functioning than in the lower functioning individuals for both the knee extensors and flexors. However, no group-related differences (P = .39-.58) were observed in either muscle group for peak moment or absolute and relative RMD at 0 to 200 ms.

Conclusions:
Early rapid moment production of the knee extensors and flexors may be an effective measure for discriminating between very old adults of different chair-rise performance abilities. Physical therapists and other practitioners may use these findings to help with the identification and early detection of older adults who are at a high risk for functional decline.
Is the Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire Valid to Assess Older Adults Aerobic Fitness?
Authors: de Carvalho Bastone Alessandra , de Souza Moreira Bruno , Teixeira Claudine Patrícia , Dias João Marcos Domingues , Dias Rosângela Corrêa 
Published: August 2015

Background:
Aerobic fitness in older adults is related to health status, incident disability, nursing home admission, and all-cause mortality. The most accurate quantification of aerobic fitness, expressed as peak oxygen consumption in mL·kg−1·min−1, is the cardiorespiratory exercise test; however, it is not feasible in all settings and might offer risk to patients. The Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ) is a 13-item self-administered symptom questionnaire that estimates aerobic fitness expressed in metabolic equivalents (METs) and has been validated to cardiovascular patients.

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the VSAQ in older adults without specific health conditions.

Methods:
A methodological study with a cross-sectional design was conducted with 28 older adults (66-86 years). The VSAQ was administered on 3 occasions by 2 evaluators. Aerobic capacity in METs as measured by the VSAQ was compared with the METs found in an incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) performed with a portable metabolic measurement system and with accelerometer data.

Results:
The validity of the VSAQ was found to be moderate-to-good when compared with the METs and distance measured by the ISWT and with the moderate activity per day and steps per day obtained by accelerometry. The Bland-Altman graph analysis showed no values outside the limits of agreement, suggesting good precision between the METs estimated by questionnaire and the METs measured by the ISWT. Also, the intrarater and interrater reliabilities of the instrument were good.

Conclusions:
The results showed that the VSAQ is a valuable tool to assess the aerobic fitness of older adults.
Moving the “Less Desirable”: Portuguese Mass Migration to Canada, 1953–74
Authors: Fernandes Gilberto 
Published: August 2015

Abstract: The sovereignty of migration policy-makers is never absolute. This has been true for both receiving and sending states. One important check on the receiving nation's immigration policy implementation was the sending nation's own sovereignty over its expatriated citizens. These colliding sovereignties have sometimes created liminal spaces where migrants and their informal facilitators were able to subvert regulations by playing them against each other, while, at other times, they were pressed between formal gatekeepers bent on enforcing their policies. This bilateral dimension is often missing from Canadian immigration history, as is the role of homeland government officials, who brokered and supervised these migrant movements while conciliating the roles of gatekeepers and facilitators. This is especially significant when it involved authoritarian governments, such as Portugal's Estado Novo dictatorship (1926–74). How did Ottawa's relatively liberal immigration policies correspond with the Estado Novo's authoritarian stance on emigration? How did Portuguese officials influence the movement of its emigrants in Canada? How did the migrants react to the concerted top-down arrangements of two imposing governments? This article examines these and other questions in reference to the Portuguese “bulk order”, family sponsorship, and clandestine movements to Canada between 1953 and 1974.
50 MHz helicopter-borne radar data for determination of glacier thermal regime in the central Chilean Andes
Authors: Gacitúa Guisella , Uribe José A. , Wilson Ryan , Loriaux Thomas , Hernández Jorge , Rivera Andrés 
Published: August 2015

AbstractDespite their importance as freshwater reservoirs for downstream river systems, few glaciers in central Chile have been comprehensively surveyed. This study presents ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and field-based observations for characterizing the englacial and basal conditions of Glaciar Olivares Alfa (33°110 S, 70°130 W), central Chilean Andes. Using a 50 MHz radar mounted onto a helicopter platform, data were collected covering large portions of the glacier accumulation and ablation zones. The radar data revealed boundaries of a temperate-ice layer at the base of the eastern body of Glaciar Olivares Alfa which appears to be covered by colder ice that extends throughout large parts of the glacier. The thickness of the temperate ice layer is highly variable across the glacier, being on average 40% of the total ice thickness. Radar data analyses reveal regions of cold ice at the bottom/base of the glacier and also patterns of highly saturated sediments beneath the glacier. Using GPR data, this study represents the most exhaustive analysis of glacier ice structure performed in the central Chilean Andes. The results will enable improved estimations of the glacier’s mass balance and ice dynamics, helping us to understand its further development and its impact on water availability.
Transcanal Endoscopic Antrostomy Hole : Its Utility in Restoring Ventilation Pathway to Epitympanum and Mastoid Antrum During Tympanoplasty
Authors: Kamal Sheikh Shawkat 
Published: August 2015

Aim: To evaluate the role of newly created transcanal endoscopic antrostomy hole as a passage in restoring the aeration of epitympanum and mastoid antrum.Materials & Methods: Study design: Retrospective case series study. Study duration: From January 2013 to January 2014. Study place: Private tertiary care hospital. Patients: 27 ears of 23 adult patients (age ranging from 15years to 54years) underwent transcanal endoscopic tympanoplasty for their chronic middle ear diseases in presence of inflamed middle ear mucosa along with radiological shadows of stagnant fluid in their epitympanum and mastoid antrum. Structured three months follow-up was ensured in every case. Intervention: A hole was created at a selected site of posterior meatal wall purely through transcanal endoscopic approach that established direct communication between mastoid antrum and external auditory canal. Thereafter this newly created passage was used for three purposes- assessment of the condition of mastoid antrum, performing the water test for checking epitympanic patency and in few cases placement of temporary tube for postoperative ventilation and drainage of middle ear. Main out come measures: The feasibility, performance and management of transcanal endoscopic antrostomy hole as passage for reestablishing the aeration of epitympanum and mastoid antrum.Results: The chosen site for antrostomy hole was found effective and safe in providing convenient entrance into the mastoid antrum in every case in this study with out facing technical complexity and failure. Postoperative healing of skin over antrostomy hole was found complete in all ears without any inward growth of skin in to mastoid antrum. Available post operative CT scan imaging of temporal bones showed improved aeration in their epitympanum and mastoid antrum.Conclusions: The role of transcanal antrostomy hole has been proved worthy in restoring ventilation pathway to epitympanum and mastoid antrum during tympanoplasty. This antrostomy hole has the potentiality to be considered in future for placement of long term mastoid ventilation tube in order to treat persistent atelectatic middle ear.
Transfusion-acquired Hemoglobinopathies: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Somasundaram Venkatesan , Purohit Abhishek , Manivannan Prabhu , Saxena Renu 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTTransfusion-acquired hemoglobinopathy occurs when a carrier of hemoglobinopathy with no significant abnormalities donates blood, and the blood is transfused to a recipient. This process can lead to spurious results in the recipient without any clinical abnormality or infrequently can result in disastrous situations. The incidental finding of such posttransfusion related abnormal peaks in hemoglobin high-performance liquid chromatography (Hb HPLC) may cause diagnostic dilemmas and result in unnecessary laboratory testing. Here, we report two such cases of transfusion-acquired hemoglobinopathies, which were subsequently resolved by the abnormally low percentage of the Hb variants, transient nature of the peaks, and parental Hb HPLC.
Comparison Between Conventional and Automated Techniques for Blood Grouping and Crossmatching: Experience from a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Bhagwat Swarupa Nikhil , Sharma Jayashree H , Jose Julie , Modi Charusmita J 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Context: The routine immunohematological tests can be performed by automated as well as manual techniques. These techniques have advantages and disadvantages inherent to them.
Aims:The present study aims to compare the results of manual and automated techniques for blood grouping and crossmatching so as to validate the automated system effectively.
Materials and Methods: A total of 1000 samples were subjected to blood grouping by the conventional tube technique (CTT) and the automated microplate LYRA system on Techno TwinStation. A total of 269 samples (multitransfused patients and multigravida females) were compared for 927 crossmatches by the CTT in indirect antiglobulin phase against the column agglutination technique (CAT) performed on Techno TwinStation.
Results: For blood grouping, the study showed a concordance in results for 942/1000 samples (94.2%), discordance for 4/1000 (0.4%) samples and uninterpretable result for 54/1000 samples (5.4%). On resolution, the uninterpretable results reduced to 49/1000 samples (4.9%) with 951/1000 samples (95.1%) showing concordant results. For crossmatching, the automated CAT showed concordant results in 887/927 (95.6%) and discordant results in 3/927 (0.32%) crossmatches as compared to the CTT. Total 37/927 (3.9%) crossmatches were not interpretable by the automated technique.
Conclusion: The automated system shows a high concordance of results with CTT and hence can be brought into routine use. However, the high proportion of uninterpretable results emphasizes on the fact that proper training and standardization are needed prior to its use.