bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic review of the predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors which influence nursing administration of opioids in the postoperative period
Authors: Yin Hai‐Hui , Tse Mimi M. Y. , Wong Frances K. Y. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAimTo provide an overview of the administration of opioid analgesics by nurses when prescription is on an “as‐needed” basis for postoperative pain, and to identify the important factors that determine the decisions of nurses, by using the framework of predisposing, reinforcing, and enabling causes in educational diagnosis and evaluation.MethodsMultiple databases were searched for the period from 2000–2012. Out of a total of 1755 citations and 148 abstracts retrieved, 39 studies met the criteria for inclusion. Studies were considered eligible for review if they focused on situations or factors influencing a nurse's performance in pain assessment and the administration of opioid analgesics in postoperative pain management.ResultsThe topics of the descriptive and qualitative studies presented four themes: (i) nurses' knowledge and attitudes about pain management; (ii) the situation of nurses' work practices in administrating range orders for opioid analgesics; (iii) factors that influenced nurses' work practices; and (iv) perceived barriers to effective pain management from the nurse's perspective. The experimental studies investigated the effects of different approaches in nurses' pain management practices in postoperative settings and their outcomes for patients.ConclusionA knowledge deficit was observed to be the reason in most cases for a nurse's failure to administrate adequate analgesics for postoperative pain relief. Pain‐related education for nurses is the cornerstone to improve pain management. The integration of enabling and reinforcing factors will help nurses to develop the ability to make the decision to engage in a comprehensive intervention to improve pain management and patient outcomes.
Why Female College Students Risk Pregnancy: I Just Wasn't Thinking
Authors: James‐Hawkins Laurie 
Published: March 2015

IntroductionTo explore the meaning or meanings of “I just wasn't thinking” as a reason for contraceptive risk‐taking among women and to illuminate what this phrase actually means when used by women as an explanation for contraceptive risk‐taking.MethodsForty‐five in‐depth semistructured interviews were conducted with sexually active women on a college campus. Interviews were transcribed and coded thematically using NVivo 10.Results“I just wasn't thinking” has multiple meanings. Major themes in women's explanations of the meaning were: 1) They pushed it to the back of their minds, that they did not think they would get pregnant; 2) they did not think about it due to impairment resulting from alcohol use; 3) they would deal with the possibility of pregnancy later; and 4) they did not think about contraception or pregnancy at all. Most of these responses were based on erroneous risk calculations that led the women to believe they were not likely to experience a pregnancy.DiscussionReasons women give for noncontraceptive use may have deeper meanings. It is important for both clinicians and researchers to think about possible underlying meanings and to acknowledge that they may be different than the face value of the statement. In the future, clinical questioning of women about noncontraceptive use and research into reasons for noncontraceptive use should take into account the variability of just not thinking and include appropriate follow‐up questions to clarify its meaning.
Critical Congenital Heart Disease Screening Practices Among Licensed Midwives in Washington State
Authors: Evers Patrick D. , Vernon Margaret M. , Schultz Amy H. 
Published: March 2015

IntroductionSince 2011, pulse oximetry screening for critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) has been recommended for newborns. Initial implementation guidelines focused on in‐hospital births. Recent publications affirm the importance of universal screening, including for out‐of‐hospital births. No published data describe CCHD screening rates for out‐of‐hospital births.MethodsLicensed midwives in Washington state were surveyed regarding their current CCHD screening practices, volume of births attended annually, and typical newborn follow‐up practices. For those who indicated they were screening, additional information was obtained about equipment used, timing of screening, and rationale for voluntarily initiating screening. For those who indicated that they were not screening, information regarding barriers to implementation was solicited.ResultsOf the 61 midwives in our sample, 98% indicated they were aware of published guidelines recommending universal newborn screening for CCHD utilizing pulse oximetry. Furthermore, 52% indicated that they were screening for CCHD currently. Ten percent stated they do not intend to screen, whereas the remaining respondents indicated that they plan to screen in the future. The primary barriers to screening were the cost of pulse oximetry equipment and inadequate training in screening technique and interpretation.ConclusionAlthough voluntary implementation of CCHD screening by licensed midwives in Washington is increasing, it lags behind the implementation rates reported for in‐hospital births.
Parameter Uncertainty and Residual Estimation Risk
Authors: Bignozzi Valeria , Tsanakas Andreas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe notion of residual estimation risk is introduced to quantify the impact of parameter uncertainty on capital adequacy, for a given risk measure and capital estimation procedure. Residual risk equals the risk measure applied to the difference between a random loss and the corresponding capital estimator. Modified estimation procedures are proposed, based on parametric bootstrapping and predictive distributions, which compensate the impact of parameter uncertainty and lead to higher capital requirements. In the particular case of location‐scale families, the analysis simplifies and a capital estimator can always be found that leads to a residual risk of exactly zero.
Microscopic impactor debris in the soil around Kamil crater (Egypt): Inventory, distribution, total mass, and implications for the impact scenario
Authors: Folco Luigi , D'Orazio Massimo , Fazio Agnese , Cordier Carole , Zeoli Antonio , van Ginneken Matthias , El‐Barkooky Ahmed 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report on the microscopic impactor debris around Kamil crater (45 m in diameter, Egypt) collected during our 2010 geophysical expedition. The hypervelocity impact of Gebel Kamil (Ni‐rich ataxite) on a sandstone target produced a downrange ejecta curtain of microscopic impactor debris due SE–SW of the crater (extending ~300,000 m2, up to ~400 m from the crater), in agreement with previous determination of the impactor trajectory. The microscopic impactor debris include vesicular masses, spherules, and coatings of dark impact melt glass which is a mixture of impactor and target materials (Si‐, Fe‐, and Al‐rich glass), plus Fe‐Ni oxide spherules and mini shrapnel, documenting that these products can be found in craters as small as few tens of meters in diameter. The estimated mass of the microscopic impactor debris (<290 kg) derived from Ni concentrations in the soil is a small fraction of the total impactor mass (~10 t) in the form of macroscopic shrapnel. That Kamil crater was generated by a relatively small impactor is consistent with literature estimates of its pre‐atmospheric mass (>20 t, likely 50–60 t).
A search for shocked quartz grains in the Allerød‐Younger Dryas boundary layer
Authors: Van Hoesel Annelies , Hoek Wim Z. , Pennock Gillian M. , Kaiser Knut , Plümper Oliver , Jankowski Michal , Hamers Maartje F. , Schlaak Norbert , Küster Mathias , Andronikov Alexander V. , Drury Martyn R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe Younger Dryas impact hypothesis suggests that multiple airbursts or extraterrestrial impacts occurring at the end of the Allerød interstadial resulted in the Younger Dryas cold period. So far, no reproducible, diagnostic evidence has, however, been reported. Quartz grains containing planar deformation features (known as shocked quartz grains), are considered a reliable indicator for the occurrence of an extraterrestrial impact when found in a geological setting. Although alleged shocked quartz grains have been reported at a possible Allerød‐Younger Dryas boundary layer in Venezuela, the identification of shocked quartz in this layer is ambiguous. To test whether shocked quartz is indeed present in the proposed impact layer, we investigated the quartz fraction of multiple Allerød‐Younger Dryas boundary layers from Europe and North America, where proposed impact markers have been reported. Grains were analyzed using a combination of light and electron microscopy techniques. All samples contained a variable amount of quartz grains with (sub)planar microstructures, often tectonic deformation lamellae. A total of one quartz grain containing planar deformation features was found in our samples. This shocked quartz grain comes from the Usselo palaeosol at Geldrop Aalsterhut, the Netherlands. Scanning electron microscopy cathodoluminescence imaging and transmission electron microscopy imaging, however, show that the planar deformation features in this grain are healed and thus likely to be older than the Allerød‐Younger Dryas boundary. We suggest that this grain was possibly eroded from an older crater or distal ejecta layer and later redeposited in the European sandbelt. The single shocked quartz grain at this moment thus cannot be used to support the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis.
Wolf's Isotopic Response: Varicella Within a Prior Immunization Reaction Site
Authors: Wu Sam , McShane Diana B. , Burkhart Craig N. , Morrell Dean S. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWolf's isotopic response describes the occurrence of a dermatologic condition at the site of a prior healed unrelated condition. Our report details a case of varicella occurring as a secondary condition at the site of a prior immunization reaction; herpesvirus infection has not been reported as a secondary condition in cases of Wolf's isotopic response before. Current hypotheses favor the involvement of neurohormonal modulation of local immunity in response to various forms of injury as a model for explaining these phenomena.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Triethanolamine in a Child
Authors: Milanesi Nicola , Berti Samantha , Gola Massimo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTriethanolamine is used as an emulsifier in many cosmetics and in topical medications, yet the occurrence of contact dermatitis to cosmetics containing triethanolamine is rare in childhood. Our case highlights how young age should not be a deterrent to investigation and demonstrates the importance of patch testing with selected allergens.
Cutaneous Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma on the Sole of a Child
Authors: Carranza‐Romero Carmen , Molina‐Ruiz Ana Maria , Perna Monroy Cristian , Cuevas Santos Jesús , Requena Luis 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEpithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) has been considered to be a low‐grade malignant vascular neoplasm, although follow‐up of recent series has demonstrated that EHE involving the skin and soft tissues should be better regarded as a fully malignant vascular tumor since it has more metastatic potential than previously thought. We report a case of an EHE involving the left sole of 6‐year‐old boy, the youngest patient with cutaneous EHE described to date. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated a lymphatic endothelial line of differentiation for neoplastic cells. Cutaneous EHE is rare in childhood, with only five previously described cases.
Improving the Dermatologic Care of Individuals with Autism: A Review of Relevant Issues and a Perspective
Authors: Oza Vikash S. , Marco Elysa , Frieden Ilona J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that effects verbal and nonverbal communication and social cognition and often presents with altered sensory processing, stereotyped behavior, and restricted interests. The prevalence of this diagnosis has increased markedly over the past two decades. Dermatologists undoubtedly will be evaluating and managing more patients with this diagnosis, but there has been little written regarding the dermatologic care of patients with ASD. Difficulties with communication and sensory processing create significant challenges in clinical evaluation and management. Individuals with ASD are also at higher risk for certain dermatologic conditions. This review is intended to build an awareness of the complexity of caring for individuals with ASD and discuss strategies that can help improve the dermatologic care of these patients.
Suplatast Tosilate for Treating Cutaneous Mastocytosis
Authors: Yasudo Hiroki , Ando Tomoaki , Hiwatari Mitsuteru , Oka Akira 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPediatric cutaneous mastocytosis is a rare disease caused by mast cell hyperplasia. We report the case of an infant diagnosed as cutaneous mastocytosis and seasonal allergies. The wheals, flushing, and pruritus of the mastocytosis were unresponsive to combination therapy with an antihistamine, a mast cell stabilizer (sodium cromoglycate), and a leukotriene antagonist. Addition of suplatast tosilate as a treatment for the seasonal allergy also dramatically improved his cutaneous symptoms and signs. Further trials of suplatast tosilate in selected cases of cutaneous mastocytosis are warranted.
A Case of Loose Anagen Syndrome in an African American Girl
Authors: Agi Crystal , Cohen Bernard 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe present the case of 7‐year‐old African American girl with loose anagen syndrome. Although this is a common cause of hair loss in Caucasian children, and there have been reports of cases occurring in dark‐skinned children of North African and Middle Eastern descent, to our knowledge there have been no cases reported in black children of sub‐Saharan African ancestry. We present this case to broaden the differential diagnosis of hair loss in African Americans.
Gravitational Erythema
Authors: Rahmatulla Seher , Scharrer Krisztina , Schofield Julia , Hussain Khalid , Hepburn Neill 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report a case of gravitational erythema in a 13‐year‐old boy who presented with a blotchy erythematous rash affecting his arms when hanging down and legs and lower abdomen on standing. The cutaneous symptoms in the upper limbs would resolve rapidly on elevation of the arms, whereas the lower limb rash would disappear on lying flat. Although this is a benign condition, no effective treatment has previously been reported. Our patient was managed with compression stockings, which provided some symptomatic benefit.
Isothiazolinones: Sensitizers Not to Miss in Children
Authors: Quenan Sandrine , Piletta Pierre , Calza Anne‐Marie 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIsothiazolinone is known to be a sensitizer and a frequent cause of contact dermatitis in adults. Cases of contact dermatitis have also recently been reported in children. Derivatives of isothiazolinone, such as methylisothiazolinone (MI) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI), are commonly used in the care products of babies and children. This allergen should not be missed.
Extensive Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformation in a Child with Aplasia Cutis Congenita
Authors: Gómez María , Chiesura Vilma , Noguera‐Morel Lucero , Hernández‐Martín Angela , García‐Peñas Juan José , Torrelo Antonio 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report on a child with multiple lesions of membranous aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp since birth who developed an extensive intracranial arteriovenous malformation several years later. Even in the absence of other clues to suggest intracranial anomalies, children with multiple scalp defects should be carefully surveyed and followed up in the long term.
Localization of CD9 Molecule on Bull Spermatozoa: Its Involvement in the Sperm–Egg Interaction
Authors: Antalíková J , Jankovičová J , Simon M , Cupperová P , Michalková K , Horovská Ľ 
Published: March 2015

ContentsTetraspanin CD9 is one of the egg membrane proteins known to be essential in fertilization process. The presence and localization of CD9 molecule in spermatozoa and its possible function in reproduction are still unclear. In our study, we describe the localization of CD9 on bull spermatozoa. In the immunofluorescence assay, the positive signal has been observed in the high proportion of sperm cells as a fine grains either on the apical part or through the entire anterior region of sperm head. CD9 recognized by monoclonal antibody IVA‐50 was detected on freshly ejaculated (83.4 ± 3.7%) and frozen‐thawed (84.3 ± 2.3%) sperm. The same reaction pattern was observed on sperm capacitated for 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h (83.6 ± 2.0%; 84.0 ± 1.5%; 85.7 ± 0.8%; 77.5 ± 10.8%). The presence of CD9 exclusively on plasma membrane of the bovine sperm has been detected by Western blot analysis of the protein fractions after the discontinuous sucrose gradient fractionation of the bull sperm. Moreover, probable role of the sperm CD9 molecule in fertilization process of cattle has been suggested as sperm treatment with anti‐CD9 antibody significantly reduced (by 25%, p ≤ 0.001) the number of fertilized oocytes compared to control group in fertilization assay in vitro.
Reproductive Performance and Reconception of Nellore Cows According to Their Pure‐ or Cross‐Bred Calves
Authors: Rodrigues WB , Wechsler FS , Nogueira E 
Published: March 2015

ContentsThe objective of the present research was to evaluate the effect of a calf's genetic group on the productive and reproductive efficiency of its Nellore dam. Fixed‐time artificial insemination was applied to 800 cows using semen extracted from Nellore, Simmental and Angus Red bulls. Four hundred eleven cows calved, producing 119 Nellore, 103 ½Simmental–½Nellore and 189 ½Nellore–½Angus Red calves. The second mating period, which paired Nellore cows with Simmental bulls, was initiated 10 days after parturitions began and lasted for 5 months. Based on the two successive parturitions, the cumulative parturition rate for calving periods of 3, 4 and 5 months was calculated. Although no significant difference was observed for birth weight among the genetic groups, cross‐bred calves weighed, on average, 10% more than did pure‐bred calves at the age of 205 days. Nellore dams experienced a gestation period that was 7 days longer than did the cross‐bred dams, and the former showed a higher parturition rate at 90 and 120 days of the calving season, but not at 150 days (calving rates of 80.6, 76.4 and 76.2% for mothers of Nellore, ½Nellore–½Angus Red and ½Nellore–½Simmental, respectively, p > 0.05). At 90 and 120 days, Nellore dams produced more kg of calf per mated dam. In conclusion, in a short breeding season, Nellore dams nursing pure‐bred Nellore calves were found to have a higher biological efficiency compared with Nellore dams nursing cross‐bred calves.
Expression of Mitochondria‐Associated Genes (PPARGC1A,NRF‐1,BCL‐2 and BAX) in Follicular Development and Atresia of Goat Ovaries
Authors: Zhang G , Wan Y , Zhang Y , Lan S , Jia R , Wang Z , Fan Y , Wang F 
Published: March 2015

ContentsMost follicles undergo atresia during the developmental process. Follicular atresia is predominantly regulated by apoptosis of granulosa cells, but the mechanism underlying apoptosis via the mitochondria‐dependent apoptotic pathway is unclear. We aimed to investigate whether the mitochondria‐associated genes peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma, coactivator1‐alpha (PPARGC1A), nuclear respiratory factor‐1 (NRF‐1), B‐cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (BCL‐2) and BCL2‐associated X protein (BAX) played a role in follicular atresia through this pathway. The four mitochondria‐associated proteins (PGC‐1α, which are encoded by the PPARGC1A gene, NRF‐1, BCL‐2 and BAX) mainly expressed in granulosa cells. The mRNA and protein levels of PPARGC1A/PGC‐1α and NRF‐1 in granulosa cells increased with the follicular development. These results showed that these genes may play a role in the regulation of the follicular development. In addition, compared with healthy follicles, the granulosa cell in atretic follicles had a reduced expression of NRF‐1, increased BAX expression and increased ratio of BAX to BCL‐2 expression. These results suggested that changes of the mitochondria‐associated gene expression patterns in granulosa cells may lead to follicular atresia during goat follicle development.
Formal independence of regulatory agencies andVarieties ofCapitalism: A case of institutional complementarity?
Authors: Guardiancich Igor , Guidi Mattia 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTheVarieties ofCapitalism literature posits that national economic institutions reflect the mode of coordination of a country's market actors. Despite the importance of this claim and a rich literature on the emergence of regulatory capitalism, few studies test such prediction forIndependentRegulatoryAgencies (IRAs). This article connects the two fields of research by analysing the impact of economic coordination on the formal independence ofIRAs. The results show that, beyond issues of credible commitment and policy stability, the collective action capacity of market actors matters. In particular, regulators in Coordinated Market Economies enjoy less independence than in Liberal Market Economies, while intermediate regimes grantIRAsthe least autonomy. The policy implications are nontrivial. Similar to other macroeconomic institutions, inappropriate combinations of economic coordination andIRAindependence may engenderPareto‐suboptimal regulatory solutions. In such cases, policymakers should reconsider the rules governing national regulators.
Making sense of the legal and judicial architectures of regional trade agreements worldwide
Authors: Duina Francesco 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRegional trade agreements (RTAs) constitute one of the most important elements of the international economic order. Researchers have accordingly embarked on comparative analyses of their design. Yet one fundamental question remains unanswered: how have officials in different RTAs responded to the challenge of regulatory misalignments among the member states? In this article, I turn to 10 of the most established RTAs in the world and document three types of responses. Some RTAs rely on the principle of mutual recognition or references to existing international standards; the same agreements also rely on technical dispute resolution mechanisms. Other RTAs, by contrast, make use of extensive harmonization and permanent courts charged with interpreting law. Yet a third group exhibits a hybrid design. This heterogeneity in legislative and judicial design invites explanation. I show that there is a remarkable correspondence between the legal traditions of the member states (common vs. civil law) and the design of RTAs. This correspondence undermines the claims of world polity theorists about the nature of the international order, but is consistent with other strands of sociological institutionalism and certain elements of rationalist and neoliberal institutionalism. I conclude by reflecting on the implications of different RTA designs for the regulation of everyday life in the member states, the World Trade Organization as an international regulatory body, and national sovereignty and democracy.