bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recycling endosome-dependent and -independent mechanisms for IL-10 secretion in LPS-activated macrophages
Authors: Stanley A C , Lieu Z Z , Wall A A , Venturato J , Khromykh T , Hamilton N A , Gleeson P A , Stow J L 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Two post-Golgi pathways where IL-10 is trafficked, ensures its secretion from activated macrophages under different physiological conditions.
IL-10 is a key anti-inflammatory cytokine secreted by activated macrophages as a feedback control mechanism to prevent excessive inflammatory responses. Here, we define multiple intracellular trafficking pathways involved in the secretion of newly synthesized IL-10 from macrophages following TLR4 activation with LPS, and show how this relates to the previously defined trafficking pathways for IL-6 and TNF in macrophages simultaneously producing these proinflammatory cytokines. IL-10 exits the Golgi in multiple tubular carriers, including those dependent on p230GRIP. Some of the IL-10 is then delivered to recycling endosomes, where cytokine sorting may occur prior to its release. Another portion of the IL-10 is delivered to the cell surface in distinct vesicles colabeled for apoE. Thus, we show at least two post-Golgi pathways via which IL-10 is trafficked, ensuring its secretion from activated macrophages under different physiological conditions.
Fertility (male and female) and Menopause
Authors: Ruddy Kathryn J. , Partridge Ann H. 
Published: September 2012

The impact of oncologic treatments on fertility and menopausal symptoms is often significant for patients with cancer. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy can all damage the reproductive organs or the hypothalamic pituitary axis that controls them, impairing fertility and causing hormonally mediated symptoms such as hot flashes. Understanding these risks and strategies to mitigate them may substantially improve cancer survivorship care. For both female and male patients who desire a future biologic child, there are a variety of fertility preservation techniques that should be considered. For cancer survivors who experience menopausal symptoms, lifestyle changes may be beneficial, and hormonal and nonhormonal pharmacologic agents are well proven to reduce symptom burden.
Estrogen Plus Progestin and Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality
Authors: Simon Michael S. , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Wactawski-Wende Jean , Johnson Karen C. , Muskovitz Andrew , Kato Ikuko , Young Alicia , Hubbell F. Allan , Prentice Ross L. 
Published: September 2012

Purpose During the intervention phase in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial, use of estrogen plus progestin reduced the colorectal cancer diagnosis rate, but the cancers were found at a substantially higher stage. To assess the clinical relevance of the findings, analyses of the influence of combined hormone therapy on colorectal cancer incidence and colorectal cancer mortality were conducted after extended follow-up. Patients and Methods The WHI study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 16,608 postmenopausal women with an intact uterus who were randomly assigned to daily 0.625 mg conjugated equine estrogen plus 2.5 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (n = 8,506) or matching placebo (n = 8,102). Colorectal cancer diagnosis rates and colorectal cancer mortality were assessed. Results After a mean of 5.6 years (standard deviation [SD], 1.03 years) of intervention and 11.6 years (SD, 3.1 years) of total follow-up, fewer colorectal cancers were diagnosed in the combined hormone therapy group compared with the placebo group (diagnoses/year, 0.12% v 0.16%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.72; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.94; P = .014). Bowel screening examinations were comparable between groups throughout. Cancers in the combined hormone therapy group more commonly had positive lymph nodes (50.5% v 28.6%; P < .001) and were at higher stage (regional or distant, 68.8% v 51.4%; P = .003). Although not statistically significant, there was a higher number of colorectal cancer deaths in the combined hormone therapy group (37 v 27 deaths; 0.04% v 0.03%; HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 0.78 to 2.11; P = .320). Conclusion The findings, suggestive of diagnostic delay, do not support a clinically meaningful benefit for combined hormone therapy on colorectal cancer.
Visitor behaviour and public health implications associated with exotic pet markets: an observational study
Authors: Warwick Clifford , Arena Phillip C , Steedman Catrina 
Published: September 2012

Objectives To conduct on-site assessments of public health implications at key European pet markets. Design Observational study of visitor behaviour at stalls that displayed and sold animals, mainly amphibians and reptiles, to assess potential contamination risk from zoonotic pathogens. We noted initial modes of contact as ‘direct’ (handling animals) as well as ‘indirect’ (touching presumed contaminated animal-related sources) and observed whether these visitors subsequently touched their own head or mouth (H1), body (H2) or another person (H3). Setting Publicly accessible exotic animal markets in the UK, Germany and Spain. Participants Anonymous members of the public in a public place. Main outcome measures Occurrence and frequency of public contact (direct, indirect or no contact) with a presumed contaminated source. Results A total of 813 public visitors were observed as they attended vendors. Of these, 29 (3.6%) made direct contact with an animal and 222 (27.3%) made indirect contact with a presumed contaminated source, with subsequent modes of contact being H1 18.7%, H2 52.2% and H3 9.9%. Conclusions Our observations indicate that opportunities for direct and indirect contact at pet markets with presumed contaminated animals and inanimate items constitute a significant and major concern, and that public attendees are exposed to rapid contamination on their person, whether or not these contaminations become associated with any episode of disease involving themselves or others. These public health risks appear unresolvable given the format of the market environment.
The Use of Galactogogues in the Breastfeeding Mother
Authors: Forinash Alicia B , Yancey Abigail M , Barnes Kylie N , Myles Thomas D 
Published: September 2012

Objective: To review data regarding the efficacy of galactogogues available in the US to increase breast milk production in postpartum mothers. Data Sources: Literature was sought using PubMed (1966-June 2012) and EMBASE (1973-June 2012). Search terms included breastfeeding, breast milk, Lactation, galactogogue, motoctopramide, oxytocin, fenugreek, milk thistle, Silymarin, growth hormone, thyroid releasing hormone, medroxyprogesterone, domperidono. goat's rue, beer, Asparagus racemosus, shatavari, Medicago sativa, alfalfa. Onicus bonedictus. blessed thistle, Galoga officinalis, brewer's yeast, and herbals. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All studies including humans and published in English with data assessing the efficacy of galactogogues for increasing breast milk production were evaluated. Data Synthesis: Breast milk is considered the optimal food source for newborns through 1 year of age. Many factors influence overall maternal production, including maternal pain, illness, balance of time when returning to work, anxiety, or emotional stress. Although a variety of herbal and pharmaceutical options have anecdotal evidence of their ability to improve breast milk production, peer-reviewed studies proving their efficacy are lacking. Metoclopramide, oxytocin, fenugreek, and milk thistle have shown mixed results in improving milk production; however, the trials were small and had a variety of limitations. Conclusions: Nonpharmacologic recommendations should be exhausted before adding therapy. Although anecdotal evidence encourages the use of metoclopramide, fenugreek, asparagus, and milk thistle for their galactogogue properties, efficacy and safety data in the literature are lacking. Oxytocin and domperidono are potentially available for compounding purposes, but safety data are limited. More studies are needed to evaluate the effects of available galactogogues on breast milk production.
A history of HbA1c through Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
Authors: Gillery Philippe 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
HbA1c was discovered in the late 1960s and its use as marker of glycemic control has gradually increased over the course of the last four decades. Recognized as the gold standard of diabetic survey, this parameter was successfully implemented in clinical practice in the 1970s and 1980s and internationally standardized in the 1990s and 2000s. The use of standardized and well-controlled methods, with well-defined performance criteria, has recently opened new directions for HbA1c use in patient care, e.g., for diabetes diagnosis. Many reports devoted to HbA1c have been published in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) journal. This review reminds the major steps of HbA1c history, with a special emphasis on the contribution of CCLM in this field.
An Optimization Algorithm for SDR Multi-Standard Systems Using Directed Hypergraphs
Authors: Kaiser Patricia , Sahili Amine El , Louët Yves 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSoftware-Defined radio (SDR) is a future-proof solution for designing flexible and adaptable wireless networks and equipments. It replaces conventional radio hardware with reconfigurable, reprogrammable radios. A graphical approach for designing flexible SDR multi-standard systems is proposed, which provides all the possible alternatives of implementation capable of realizing the multi-standard design. However, a cost function which evaluates the cost of any one of these options is proposed in previous work. All these ideas are briefly mentioned in this paper but however, our goal is to help finding the option of implementation which has the minimum cost. Graph theory is adopted and particularly the study of directed hypergraphs, to present a new idea algorithm capable of solving this optimization problem. This algorithm provides an exact-optimal solution, unlike the previously applied heuristic methods which give a near-optimal solution. Furthermore in this work, we analyze the computational complexity of our algorithm.
The role of functionally defective rare germline variants of sialic acid acetylesterase in autoimmune Addison's disease
Authors: Gan Earn H , MacArthur Katie , Mitchell Anna L , Pearce Simon H S 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundAutoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is a rare condition with a complex genetic basis. A panel of rare and functionally defective genetic variants in the sialic acid acetylesterase (SIAE) gene has recently been implicated in several common autoimmune conditions. We performed a case–control study to determine whether these rare variants are associated with a rarer condition, AAD.MethodWe analysed nine SIAE gene variants (W48X, M89V, C196F, C226G, R230W, T312M, Y349C, F404S and R479C) in a United Kingdom cohort of 378 AAD subjects and 387 healthy controls. All samples were genotyped using Sequenom iPlex chemistry to characterise primer extension products.ResultsA heterozygous rare allele at codon 312 (312*M) was found in one AAD patient (0.13%) but was not detected in the healthy controls. The commoner, functionally recessive variant at codon 89 (89*V) was found to be homozygous in two AAD patients but was only found in the heterozygous state in controls. Taking into account all nine alleles examined, 4/378 (1.06%) AAD patients and 1/387 (0.25%) healthy controls carried the defective SIAE alleles, with a calculated odds ratio of 4.13 (95% CI 0.44–97.45, two-tailed P value 0.212, NS).ConclusionWe demonstrated the presence of 89*V homozygotes and the 312*M rare allele in the AAD cohort, but overall, our analysis does not support a role for rare variants in SIAE in the pathogenesis of AAD. However, the relatively small collection of AAD patients limits the power to exclude a small effect.
Initial Periodontal Treatment for Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations
Authors: Kucukcoskun Meric , Baser Ulku , Oztekin Gorkem , Kiyan Esen , Yalcin Funda 
Published: September 2012

Background: Infective exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with increased mortality. Therefore, effective management of COPD should include prevention and reduction of exacerbations. The oral cavity is an important reservoir for the respiratory pathogens and these pathogens can be aspirated into the lower respiratory tract, increasing the risk of respiratory infection. Periodontal therapy may reduce these pathogens colonized on the surfaces of teeth and thus may reduce the frequency of COPD exacerbations. The authors aim to assess the effect of initial periodontal therapy on exacerbation frequency in COPD patients.Methods: The authors conducted a prospective, controlled group trial of initial periodontal treatment in 40 patients with COPD with chronic periodontitis (CP) and a history of ≥1 infective exacerbation in the previous year. Number of exacerbations in the previous year was recorded. Patients were divided into two groups; the test group (n = 20) included patients who had initial periodontal treatment, and the control group (n = 20) included patients who did not have periodontal therapy. Number of exacerbations during the following 12 months was noted. Periodontal parameters were measured at baseline and 6 and 12 months.Results: The test group showed a significant reduction in the exacerbation frequency during the follow‐up period (P = 0.01). Although median exacerbations declined from 3 to 2 in the test group, they increased from 2 to 3 in the control group.Conclusion: Initial periodontal therapy in patients with COPD with CP may decrease the exacerbation frequency.
Corporate Community Involvement in the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors: Burke Lee , Logsdon Jeanne M. , Mitchell Will , Reiner Martha , Vogel David 
Published: September 2012

In 1982, Steve Jobs, a founder and then chairman of Apple Computer, departed from Apple's tradition of avoiding political action to lobby successfully for the passage of California Assembly Bill 3194. This legislation, nicknamed the “Apple Bill,” gave manufacturers special tax credits for donations of scientific equipment to California schools. Through its “Kids Can't Wait” program, Apple has donated computer systems to more than 9,000 elementary and secondary schools. Apple also encourages companies that make products for Apple systems to add these products to Apple's systems donations. Del Monte Corporation began making product donations of occasional excess production on a decentralized basis many years ago. Products were given to local communities, food banks, and even company employees. However, these recipients were frequently unable to absorb large quantities of often single-product contributions. Concerned with the waste and inefficiency of this decentralized distribution method, Del Monte searched for a better way to contribute excess products to needy recipients. In 1985, it arranged with a national food-bank clearinghouse to distribute excess products through a network of local food banks.
Function projective synchronization of two four-scroll hyperchaotic systems with unknown parameters
Authors: Sun Zhenwu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFunction projective synchronization (FPS) of two novel hyperchaotic systems with four-scroll attractors which have been found up to the present is investigated. Adaptive control is employed in the situation that system parameters are unknown. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, an adaptive controller and a parameter update law are designed so that the two systems can be synchronized asymptotically by FPS. Numerical simulation is provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive controller and the parameter update law.
Dark solitons in ferromagnetic chains with first- and second-neighbor interactions
Authors: Primatarowa Marina , Kamburova Radostina 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
We present a study of the ferromagnetic spin chain with both first- and second-neighbor interactions. We obtain the condition for the appearance and stability of bright and dark solitons for arbitrary wave number in the Brillouin zone. The influence of the second-neighbor interaction and the anisotropy on the soliton properties is considered. The scattering of dark solitons from point defects in the discrete spin chain is investigated numerically.
Adaptive local complexity controlled data hiding method considering the human visual sensitivity
Authors: Ho L. , Lai S. , Chung Y. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper proposes a human visual system based data hiding method with the consideration of the local complexity in images. It is known that human vision is more sensitive to the changes in smooth area than that of complex area, we embed less data into blocks with low complexity and embed more data into blocks with rich texture. We use the modified diamond encoding (MDE) as the embedding technique, and employ a sophisticated pixel pair adjustment process to maintain the complexity consistency of blocks before and after embedding data bits. Since the proposed method is robust to LSB-based steganalysis, it is more secure than other existing methods using the LSB replacement as their embedding technique. The experimental results revealed that the proposed method not only offers a better embedding performance, but is also secure under the attack of the LSB based steganalysis tools.
Snow-cover contamination in urban territories (Lefortovo district, Moscow)
Authors: Galitskaya I.V. , Rumyantseva N.A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe results of snow-cover chemical composition research in Lefortovo District, Moscow, Russia, are considered. The technogenic impact on snow-cover contamination was evaluated using snow sampling, chemical analysis of liquid and solid phases of snow and data processing. Snow meltwaters were slightly acidic, low-mineralized and contaminated with oil products. Contrasting anomalies of chloride, sodium, nitrites, nitrates, oil products and 3,4-benzopyrene are revealed and the main causes of their formation analyzed. The technogenic load on the air and snow cover was mainly due to an extensive road network and the impact of industrial enterprise. Ecogeochemical associations of elements, polluting snow cover by means of the dust component of air, formed the specific types of geochemical zones due to industrial and road-transport emissions. The common type of man-made contamination in snow cover is characterized by the following general association of contaminants: Hg W Mo Cr Ni Co Pb Cu Zn Cd Ag Bi Sn Ba Nb.
Calibration and evaluation of a high-resolution surface mass-balance model for Paakitsoq, West Greenland
Authors: Banwell Alison F. , Willis Ian C. , Arnold Neil S. , Messerli Alexandra , Rye Cameron J. , Tedesco Marco , Ahlstrøm Andreas P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractModelling the hydrology of the Greenland ice sheet, including the filling and drainage of supraglacial lakes, requires melt inputs generated at high spatial and temporal resolution. Here we apply a high spatial (100 m) and temporal (1 hour) mass-balance model to a 450 km2 subset of the Paakitsoq region, West Greenland. The model is calibrated by adjusting the values for parameters of fresh snow density, threshold temperature for solid/liquid precipitation and elevation-dependent precipitation gradient to minimize the error between modelled output and surface height and albedo measurements from three Greenland Climate Network stations for the mass-balance years 2000/01 and 2004/05. Bestfit parameter values are consistent between the two years at 400 kg m-3, 2°C and +14% (100 m)-1, respectively. Model performance is evaluated, first, by comparing modelled snow and ice distribution with that derived from Landsat-7 ETM+ satellite imagery using normalized-difference snow index classification and supervised image thresholding; and second, by comparing modelled albedo with that retrieved from the MODIS sensor M0D10A1 product. Calculation of mass-balance components indicates that 6% of surface meltwater and rainwater refreezes in the snowpack and does not become runoff, such that refreezing accounts for 31% of the net accumulation.
The Clinical Benefits of Antiretroviral Therapy in Severely Immunocompromised HIV-1-Infected Patients with and without Complete Viral Suppression
Authors: Mocroft Amanda , Bannister Wendy P , Kirk Ole , Kowalska Justyna D , Reiss Peter , D'Arminio-Monforte Antonella , Gatell Jose , Fisher Martin , Trocha Hanna , Rakhmanova Aza , Lundgren Jens D ,   the EuroSIDA Study in EuroCOORD
Published: September 2012

Background The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a protective effect of combination anti-retroviral therapy (cART) on the development of clinical events in patients with ongoing severe immunosuppression. Methods A total of 3,780 patients from the EuroSIDA study under follow-up after 2001 with a current CD4+ T-cell count ≤200 cells/mm3 were stratified into five groups: group 1, viral load (VL)<50 copies/ml on cART; group 2, VL 50-99,999 copies/ml on cART; group 3, VL 50-99,999 copies/ml off cART; group 4, VL≥100,000 copies/ml on cART; and group 5, VL≥100,000 copies/ml off cART. Poisson regression was used to identify the risk of (non-fatal or fatal) AIDS- and non-AIDS-related events considered together (AIDS/non-AIDS) or separately as AIDS or non-AIDS events within each group. Results There were 428 AIDS/non-AIDS events during 3,780 person-years of follow-up. Compared with group 1, those in group 2 had a similar incidence of AIDS/ non-AIDS events (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 1.04; 95% CI 0.79–1.36). Groups 3, 4 and 5 had significantly higher incidence rates of AIDS/non-AIDS events compared with group 1; incidence rates increased from group 3 (IRR 1.78; 95% CI 1.25–2.55) to group 5 (IRR 2.36; 95% CI 1.66–3.40), demonstrating the increased incidence of AIDS/non-AIDS events associated with increasing viraemia. After adjustment, the use of cART was associated with a 40% reduction in the incidence of AIDS/non-AIDS events in patients with VL 50–99,999 copies/ml (IRR 0.59; 95% CI 0.41–0.85) and in those with a VL>100,000 copies/ml (IRR 0.66; 95% CI 0.44–1.00). Similar relationships were seen for non-AIDS events and AIDS events when considered separately. Conclusions In patients with ongoing severe immuno-suppression, cART was associated with significant clinical benefits in patients with suboptimal virological control or virological failure.
Recherche improbable d'une homogène diversité : le débat sur l'identité nationale
Authors: Ratinaud Pierre , Marchand Pascal 
Published: September 2012

Dans cet article, nous comparons les effets de deux méthodes de correction morphologique d’un corpus issu du web sur des classifications de type ALCESTE avec le logiciel IRAMUTEQ . À partir des 18 240 contributions au débat sur l’identité nationale, nous comparons le corpus initial avec un corpus corrigé manuellement et un corpus corrigé par une méthode semi-automatique reposant sur une utilisation particulière du correcteur Hunspell . Les trois corpus obtenus (initial, automatique et manuel) sont soumis à deux classifications hiérarchiques descendantes : l’une conserve les 1 500 formes pleines les plus fréquentes, l’autre les 3 000 formes pleines les plus fréquentes. La comparaison deux à deux des résultats obtenus sur chacun des corpus montre que la correction automatique que nous proposons permet de se rapprocher significativement d’une correction manuelle.