bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasensitive Molecular Beacon Designed with Totally Serinol Nucleic Acid (SNA) for Monitoring mRNA in Cells
Authors: Murayama Keiji , Kamiya Yukiko , Kashida Hiromu , Asanuma Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2015

AbstractAn artificial nucleic acid based on acyclic serinol building blocks and termed “serinol nucleic acid” (SNA) was used to construct a fluorescent probe for RNA visualization in cells. The molecular beacon (MB) composed of only SNA with a fluorophore at one terminus and a quencher at the other was resistant to enzymatic digestion, due to its unnatural acyclic scaffold. The SNA‐MB could detect its complementary RNA with extremely high sensitivity; the signal‐to‐background (S/B) ratio was as high as 930 when perylene and anthraquinone were used as the fluorophore and quencher pair. A high S/B ratio was also achieved with SNA‐MB tethering the conventional Cy3 fluorophore, and this probe enabled selective visualization of target mRNA in fixed cells. Thus, SNA‐MB has potential for use as a biological tool capable of visualizing RNA in living cells.
Simple Resolution of Enantiomeric NMR Signals of α‐Amino Acids by Using Samarium(III) Nitrate With L‐Tartarate
Authors: Aizawa Sen‐Ichi , Kidani Takahiro , Takada Sayuri , Ofusa Yumika 
Published: April 2015

AbstractReadily available L‐tartaric acid, which is a bidentate ligand with two chiral centers forming a seven‐membered chelate ring, was applied to the chiral ligand for the chiral nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) shift reagent of samarium(III) formed in situ. This simple method does not cause serious signal broadening in the high magnetic field. Enantiomeric 13C and 1H NMR signals and enantiotopic 1H NMR signals of α‐amino acids were successfully resolved at pH 8.0 and the 1:3 molar ratio of Sm(NO3)3:L‐tartaric acid. It is elucidated that the enantiomeric signal resolution is attributed to the anisotropic magnetic environment for the enantiomers induced by the chiral L‐tartarato samarium(III) complex rather than differences in stability of the diastereomeric substrate adducts. The present 13C NMR signal resolution was also effective for the practical simultaneous analysis of plural kinds of DL‐amino acids. Chirality 27:353–357, 2015.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Azofarbstoffe in Textilien – eine kompetenzorientierte und experimentelle Unterrichtseinheit
Authors: Zajonc Stefan , Schwarz Aaron , Ducci Matthias 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIm Beitrag wird eine Unterrichtsreihe beschrieben, die die stets aktuelle Problematik von Gefahrstoffen in Bedarfsgegenständen am Beispiel von Azofarbstoffen in Textilien aufgreift. Der fachliche Schwerpunkt der Konzeption liegt auf der Betrachtung von Redoxprozessen zwischen Azofarbstoffen, die von Textilien auf die Haut übertragen werden, und reduktiv wirkenden Hautbakterien sowie der anschließenden Hautpermeation der Reaktionsprodukte. Hierzu haben die Autoren ein neues Modellexperiment entwickelt, das im Beitrag vorgestellt wird. Es wird aufgezeigt, dass sich diese Thematik hervorragend dazu eignet, einen Beitrag zur Entwicklung der Bewertungskompetenz von Schülerinnen und Schülern zu leisten.
Measuring observer metamerism: The Nimeroff approach
Authors: Fairchild Mark D. , Heckaman Rodney L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn a color matching experiment, the colors of two stimuli might match perfectly to one observer. However, to another, those same two stimuli might not match depending on the spectral characteristics of the two stimuli and each of the observers' visual responses. This phenomenon, that any two observers perceive color matches differently, is termed observer metamerism. Only recently have differences in the factors that affect the spectral response of the human eye been quantified to a degree such that observer metamerism can be realistically modeled over a representative population of human observers. From the statistics of these factors, a large, representative group of such observers—each said to be metameric to a standard—was created in terms of LMS cone spectral responses. Using analysis of variance and error propagation, as suggested by Nimeroff, this sample set was reduced to a complete colorimetric description that includes mean color matching functions along with variance and covariance functions. This simplified representation is then applied to creating arbitrary sets of color matching functions, such as the CIE 1931 and 1964 observers, and their covariance functions to allow the practical characterization of observer‐metameric mismatch gamuts for any nominally metameric stimulus pair. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 115–124, 2016
An attempt to reconstruct the meaning of al‐Tusi's color words
Authors: Kirchner Eric , Gorji Kandi Saeideh , Saeedi Hosein 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn a text dating between 1259 and 1277, the Persian scholar al‐Tusi presented a systematic arrangement of 26 color terms. We propose a reconstruction of all color terms from al‐Tusi's scheme, in terms of preferred translation, mean CIEL*a*b* coordinates and digital representation. This reconstruction is based on a visual experiment with 30 subjects, who identified the Munsell chip best representing each color term. Persian words for which the meaning changed since the time of al‐Tusi were substituted by direct translations. The results show considerable interobserver variability in the colors selected when identifying color terms. This relatively large variation was shown to be a characteristic for memory matching experiments in general. Several specific color terms for which the resulting color variation was particularly large are discussed in more detail, and possible explanations for these variations are proposed. The proposed reconstruction suggests that al‐Tusi's list is largely consistent in modern colorimetric terms, although some large hue shifts are observed for color terms corresponding to green. We found no evidence for blue‐green (“grue”) confusion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 206–216, 2016
immunoClust—An automated analysis pipeline for the identification of immunophenotypic signatures in high‐dimensional cytometric datasets
Authors: Sörensen Till , Baumgart Sabine , Durek Pawel , Grützkau Andreas , Häupl Thomas 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMultiparametric fluorescence and mass cytometry offers new perspectives to disclose and to monitor the high diversity of cell populations in the peripheral blood for biomarker research. While high‐end cytometric devices are currently available to detect theoretically up to 120 individual parameters at the single cell level, software tools are needed to analyze these complex datasets automatically in acceptable time and without operator bias or knowledge. We developed an automated analysis pipeline,immunoClust, for uncompensated fluorescence and mass cytometry data, which consists of two parts. First, cell events of each sample are grouped into individual clusters. Subsequently, a classification algorithm assorts these cell event clusters into populations comparable between different samples. The clustering of cell events is designed for datasets with large event counts in high dimensions as a global unsupervised method, sensitive to identify rare cell types even when next to large populations. Both parts use model‐based clustering with an iterative expectation maximization algorithm and the integrated classification likelihood to obtain the clusters. A detailed description of both algorithms is presented. Testing and validation was performed using 1) blood cell samples of defined composition that were depleted of particular cell subsets by magnetic cell sorting, 2) datasets of the FlowCAP III challenges to identify populations of rare cell types and 3) high‐dimensional fluorescence and mass‐cytometry datasets for comparison with conventional manual gating procedures. In conclusion, theimmunoClust‐algorithm is a promising tool to standardize and automate the analysis of high‐dimensional cytometric datasets. As a prerequisite for interpretation of such data, it will support our efforts in developing immunological biomarkers for chronic inflammatory disorders and therapy recommendations in personalized medicine.immunoClust is implemented as an R‐package and is provided as source code fromwww.bioconductor.org.
Fine scale temporal variations of surface moisture in topographically controlled Muhly grass seeps
Authors: Llado Leslie , Slattery Michael C. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGroundwater seeps are characteristic hydrological and ecological features of many landscapes, yet their hydrology remains poorly understood. Here, we provide the first detailed measurements of near‐surface soil moisture dynamics in a Muhly grass (Muhlenbergia riverchonii) seep system developed in soils over interbedded limestone and marl. These features are characteristic of, and prevalent within, the North Central Texas Grand Prairie Ecoregion. The data were collected during the most severe drought in Texas history. We quantify the spatial‐temporal variability of volumetric soil moisture (θv) and matric potential (ψm) along a slope containing a seep upslope, with a view to assessing whether the seep qualifies as an isolated wetland under the Environmental Protection Agency's proposed changes to Section 404 legislation for wetland determination. We found the Muhly seep to consistently be the wettest portion of the hillslope, with a statistically distinguishable drying trend downslope into a barrens environment with the thinnest soils. ψm within the seep remained at or above field capacity (θfc) 37% of the time during pre‐drought conditions and was at all times wetter than lower sections of the slope between the seep and barrens. The seep responded rapidly to rainfall and remained at or close to saturation for 5 to 7 days following storm events. Saturation is controlled by fractured limestone sitting on top of a subsurface marl layer, resulting in water easily percolating through the limestone, ponding, and then moving laterally as interflow above the marl. Although the wetland characteristics of Muhly seeps could not be conclusively assessed because of extreme drought conditions, our data suggest that under normal rainfall conditions, these systems might likely qualify as isolated wetlands. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
One‐Pot Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐Nicotinamides and Diarylamines Based on a Tunable Smiles Rearrangement
Authors: Liu Shihui , Zhu Shaofan , Wu Ying , Gao Jiayu , Qian Pengfei , Hu Yanwei , Shi Linsen , Chen Shaohua , Zhang Shilei , Zhang Yinan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA one‐pot Smiles rearrangement has been developed as a useful protocol for the straightforward synthesis of diverse N‐aryl‐nicotinamides. This method also provides chemoselective access toward diarylamines based on the different substitutions of the amide group. The potential application of the transformation is exemplified by the synthesis of an on‐market succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, boscalid.
Synthesis of Multisubstituted Dihydroquinoxaline Derivatives by Tandem N‐Alkylation and Addition Reactions of 3‐Oxoquinoxaline‐2‐carboxylates
Authors: Miyamaru Satoru , Umezu Kazuto , Ito Akinori , Shimizu Makoto 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis report describes a one‐pot synthesis of multisubstituted dihydroquinoxalin‐2‐ones using an umpolung N‐alkylation followed by oxidation and C‐alkylation reactions. Moreover, the synthesis of tricyclic compounds containing a dihydroquinoxaline skeleton was carried out by ring closing metathesis (RCM) of the resulting N,C‐bis‐addition products containing olefins.
nBu4NI‐Catalyzed α‐Benzoxylation of Ketones with Terminal Aryl Alkenes
Authors: Mondal Buddhadeb , Sahoo Subas Chandra , Pan Subhas Chandra 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA metal‐free protocol for the α‐benzoxylation of ketones has been developed by using terminal aryl alkenes as an arylcarboxy surrogate. Moderate to good yields were attained for a variety of propiophenones and acetophenones by using tetra‐n‐butylammonium iodide (TBAI) as the catalyst and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant under ambient reaction conditions.
Disposable Heater Arrays Using Printed Silver Patterns on Polyethylene Terephthalate for Multipurpose Applications
Authors: Walia Sunil , Gupta Ritu , Kulkarni Giridhar U. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFlexible, semitransparent and robust heating arrays have been designed by grayscale printing as ready‐to‐use devices for point‐of‐care application. A perforated Ag mesh is first fabricated with tunable features by controllably varying the toner grayscale value during laser printer on PET. The resistance could be varied between 1 to 2 Ω by tuning the Ag fill factor from 50 to 70 %. The Ag/PET heater based on joule heating is able to attain highly stable temperatures upto ∼135 °C maintained over long hours. Since temperature is directly related to resistance, this provides a fine temperature knob without any cumbersome processing steps. The merit of design allows individual heating elements to attain stable temperatures at low voltages (∼1.5 V) without any interference from neighboring heaters of the array, thus resulting in a thermal library. A laptop USB with 5.1 V output is able to power the thermal library for temperatures in the range of 30–60 °C, useful in many practical applications. It is a multipurpose disposable chip for in‐situ transmission microscopy that can be utilized for bioassay and point‐of‐care diagnostics, as demonstrated in the study.
Simultaneous fingerprint and high‐wavenumber fiber‐optic Raman spectroscopy enhances real‐time in vivo diagnosis of adenomatous polyps during colonoscopy
Authors: Bergholt Mads Sylvest , Lin Kan , Wang Jianfeng , Zheng Wei , Xu Hongzhi , Huang Qingwen , Ren Jian‐lin , Ho Khek Yu , Teh Ming , Srivastava Supriya , Wong Benjamin , Yeoh Khay Guan , Huang Zhiwei 
Published: April 2015

Colorectal cancer can be prevented if detected early (e.g., precancerous polyps‐adenoma). Endoscopic differential diagnosis of hyperplastic polyps (that have little or no risk of malignant transformation) and adenomas (that have prominent malignant latency) remains an unambiguous clinical challenge. Raman spectroscopy is an optical vibrational technique capable of probing biomolecular changes of tissue associated with neoplastic transformation. This work aims to apply a fiber‐optic simultaneous fingerprint (FP) and high wavenumber (HW) Raman spectroscopy technique for real‐time in vivo assessment of adenomatous polyps during clinical colonoscopy. We have developed a fiber‐optic Raman endoscopic technique capable of simultaneously acquiring both the FP (i.e., 800–1800 cm–1) and HW (i.e., 2800–3600 cm–1) Raman spectra from colorectal tissue subsurface (<200 µm) for real‐time assessment of colorectal carcinogenesis. In vivo FP/HW Raman spectra were acquired from 50 patients with 17 colorectal polyps during clinical colonoscopy. Prominent Raman spectral differences (p < 0.001) were found between hyperplastic (n = 118 spectra), adenoma (n = 184 spectra) that could be attributed to changes in inter‐ and intra‐cellular proteins, lipids, DNA and water structures and conformations. Simultaneous FP/HW Raman endoscopy provides a diagnostic sensitivity of 90.9% and specificity of 83.3% for differentiating adenoma from hyperplastic polyps, which is superior to either the FP or HW Raman technique alone. This study shows that simultaneous FP/HW Raman spectroscopy technique has the potential to be a clinically powerful tool for improving early diagnosis of adenomatous polyps in vivo during colonoscopic examination.
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Biological activation of zirconia surfaces by chemical modification with IGF‐1
Authors: Ito Daisuke , Kado Takashi , Nagano‐Takebe Futami , Hidaka Tatsuhiro , Endo Kazuhiko , Furuichi Yasushi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to improve the adhesion and extension of human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) to the yttria‐stabilized zirconia polycrystal (Y‐TZP) surfaces by immobilization of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1). Surface analyses by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that IGF‐1 was successfully immobilized on the Y‐TZP surfaces. There was no significant difference between the number of cells attached to the IGF‐1‐immobilized Y‐TZP surfaces and on the as‐polished Y‐TZP surfaces either at 3 or 72 h. However, IGF‐1‐immobilized Y‐TZP surfaces yielded a significantly higher expression of integrin β4 mRNA and laminin‐5 mRNA, and enhanced adhesion strength of HGECs after 72 h of incubation. There was no difference between the amount of adhered Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii) found on the IGF‐1‐immobilized Y‐TZP surfaces and on the as‐polished Y‐TZP surfaces. These results suggested that the IGF‐1‐immobilized Y‐TZP surfaces developed using the method reported herein enhanced the adhesion and extension of HGECs to the Y‐TZP surfaces without enhancing S. gordonii adhesion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3659–3665, 2015.
Second order statistics of the SC receiver over Rician fading channels in the presence of multiple Nakagami‐m interferers
Authors: Milic Dejan , Djosic Danijel , Stefanovic Caslav , Panic Stefan , Stefanovic Mihajlo 
Published: April 2015

SummaryIn this paper, a numerical approach to the performance analysis of a signal‐to‐interference‐based selection combining receiver, operating over a Rician multipath‐fading environment, in the presence of multiple Nakagami‐m co‐channel interferers is provided. Closed form expressions are obtained for the first‐order and second‐order statistical measures, that is, the probability density function, cumulative distribution function, and average level‐crossing rate of the received signal. Further, the aforementioned results are used for an efficient evaluation of other performance measures, such are outage probability and average fade duration. A graphical representation of the obtained numerical results is also provided in order to present and discuss the influence of transmission parameters on the studied performance measures. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in nutrient composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of total mixed ration silage stored at different temperatures and periods
Authors: Kondo Makoto , Shimizu Kazuma , Jayanegara Anuraga , Mishima Takashi , Matsui Hiroki , Karita Shuichi , Goto Masakazu , Fujihara Tsutomu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDTotal mixed ration (TMR) is widely used for dairy cattle and needs to be prepared daily because it deteriorates rapidly. Ensiling TMR allows preservation and saves labour at the farm; however, silage fermentation may influence various nutritional components. The objectives of this study were to evaluate nutritional changes and in vitro rumen fermentation of TMR silage that was stored at different temperatures and durations on a laboratory scale in comparison with those of typical TMR before ensiling.RESULTSNo distinct changes in crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre and non‐fibrous carbohydrate contents were observed during silage fermentation. However, clear changes were observed in the soluble CP and soluble sugar fractions; solubilisation of the CP fraction in TMR silage was enhanced by prolonged storage and higher storage temperatures, and most soluble sugars were lost during ensiling. Short‐chain fatty acid concentrations in the in vitro rumen from TMRs before and after ensiling were not significantly different; however, throughout incubation, NH3‐N concentrations from TMR silages were significantly higher than those from TMR before ensiling.CONCLUSIONA higher ruminal NH3‐N concentration from TMR silage may be a result of a shortage of fermentable sugars and enhanced deamination of CP. Feeding TMR ensiled under a high temperature must be investigated to balance proteins and carbohydrates for rumen fermentation. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimizing Indigenous Soil Fertility Assessments. A Case Study in Cotton‐Based Systems in Burkina Faso
Authors: Kambiré Fabèkourè , Bielders Charles L. , Kestemont Marie‐Paule 
Published: April 2015

AbstractParticipatory development of sustainable soil fertility (SF) management practices requires building bridges between science and indigenous knowledge. Whereas scientific SF indicators are reasonably standardized, indigenous SF indicators are site‐specific and system‐specific. Furthermore, the process of indigenous SF evaluation is very time consuming. This study therefore aimed at investigating the compatibility between local and analytical SF indicators, and at optimizing the process of indigenous SF assessment. Thirteen cotton plots were evaluated by famers on a scale from 0 (fertile) to 5 (degraded) and sampled for physico‐chemical characterization. Farmers identified 13 SF indicators related to soil, crop status, biological activity and management. Of these, 10 were retained to calculate a local SF index (LFI). Clay and silt content, pHwater and P‐Bray explained 88% of the total variance in LFI, indicating good yet incomplete compatibility between the indigenous and scientific approaches. Because of redundancy among local indicators, it was shown that the LFI could be estimated using one pedo‐indicator, one bio‐indicator and one phyto‐indicator without significant loss of accuracy. However, a minimum local indicator dataset composed of six indicators was recommended to allow for data cross‐checking. There was a trade‐off between the number of indicators and the number of farmers needed to estimate the LFI. There was a reasonable agreement between local and analytical fertility indicators, even though farmers' perception appeared rather more based on the effect and consequences of SF than on its actual status. Although compatible, analytical indicators should be translated into variables similar to local indicators in order to facilitate communication. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Sulfur Content Polymer Nanoparticles Obtained from Interfacial Polymerization of Sodium Polysulfide and 1,2,3‐Trichloropropane in Water
Authors: Lim Jeewoo , Jung Unho , Joe Won Tae , Kim Eui Tae , Pyun Jeffrey , Char Kookheon 
Published: April 2015

Sulfur‐rich materials have recently attracted keen interest for their potentials in optical, electrochemical, and pesticidal applications as well as their utility in dynamic covalent bond chemistry. Many sulfur‐rich polymers, however, are insoluble and processing methods are therefore very limited. The synthesis and characterization of water‐dispersible polymer nanoparticles (NPs) with the sulfur content exceeding 75% by weight, obtained from the interfacial polymerization between 1,2,3‐trichloropropane and sodium polysulfide in water is reported here. The interfacial polymerization yields well‐defined sulfur‐rich NPs in the presence of surfactants, which are capable of serving a dual role as a phase transfer catalyst on top of emulsifiers. Such dual role allows for the control of the product NP size by varying its concentration. The surfactants can be easily removed by centrifugation and redispersion in water is also reported here. The resulting sulfur‐rich NPs are characterized through elemental analysis, dynamic light scattering, ζ‐potential measurements, and scanning electron microscopy.
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Proteinkinase‐Inhibitoren: selektiv und wirksam
Authors: Freitag Anne , Laufer Stefan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn zahlreichen krankheitsrelevanten Prozessen wie der Entstehung und Progression von Krebs und Autoimmunerkrankungen sind Proteinkinasen überaktiviert. Sie gezielt zu hemmen, ist nicht einfach. Die medizinische Chemie hat diese Herausforderung angenommen und präsentiert erste Lösungen.
Hauptsache, die Chemie stimmt
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: April 2015

Abstract“Eine rasante Komödie mit großartigen Schauspielern, tödlichen Intrigen und viel schwarzem Humor. Definitiv verschreibungspflichtig!” steht auf der Verpackung des ab zwölf Jahren freigegebenen Films. Von der Verantwortung des Wissenschaftlers ist nicht die Rede.