bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multicenter phase II randomized study of Cremophor‐free polymeric nanoparticle formulation of paclitaxel in women with locally advanced and/or metastatic breast cancer after failure of anthracycline
Authors: Ranade Anantbhushan A , Bapsy Poonamalle P , Nag Shona , Raghunadharao Digumarti , Raina Vinod , Advani Suresh H , Patil Shekhar , Maru Anish , Gangadharan Vadavattath Padmanabhan , Goswami Chanchal , Sekhon Jagdev Singh , Sambasivaiah Kuraparthy , Parikh Purvish , Bakshi Ashish , Mohapatra Ranjan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsPaclitaxel is extensively used in the treatment of advanced carcinomas of the breast, ovary and non‐small cell lung cancer. In clinical use it is formulated in the non‐ionic surfactant polyethoxylated castor oil (Cremophor) and dehydrated alcohol to enhance drug solubility. Cremophor adds to toxic effects of paclitaxel by producing or contributing to the well‐described hypersensitivity reactions that commonly occur during its infusion, affecting a large number of patients. This randomized trial was conducted to evaluate efficacy and safety of novel nanoparticle‐based paclitaxel in the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer.MethodPatients were randomized to receive either nanoparticle paclitaxel (NP) 300 mg/m2, (NP300) or NP220 mg/m2 or Cremophor paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 (CP 175). NP was administered as a 1‐h infusion without premedication and CP as a 3‐h infusion with premedication every 3 weeks.ResultsIn total, 194 patients who had been administered at least one dose were included for safety analysis and 170 patients who completed at least two cycles of therapy were analyzed for efficacy. NP showed an overall response rate (complete response + partial response) of 40% in the NP220 and NP300 arms as compared to 31% in the CP arm. The incidence of neutropenia (all grades) was lowest in the NP220 arm (39.4%) compared to the NP300 (55%) and CP arm (50%).ConclusionNP is well tolerated and can be safely administered without any premedication in comparison to conventional paclitaxel, which requires the use of premedication before administration. NP demonstrates promising efficacy with a favorable safety profile.
Hospital admissions for anaphylaxis in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Cetinkaya F. , Incioglu A. , Birinci S. , Karaman B. E. , Dokucu A. I. , Sheikh A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThere are very limited data characterizing the epidemiology of anaphylaxis from low‐ and middle‐income country settings. We aimed to estimate the frequency of anaphylaxis admissions to hospitals in Istanbul.MethodsWe obtained data from all 45 hospitals in Istanbul over a 12‐month period and used ICD‐10 codes to extract data on those admitted with a recorded primary diagnosis of anaphylaxis. Because of concerns about possible under‐coding, we undertook an additional analysis to identify patients admitted with two or more clinical codes for symptoms and/or signs suggestive of, but not coded as having, anaphylaxis.ResultsA total of 114 cases (79 people with anaphylaxis codes and 35 with symptoms and signs suggestive of anaphylaxis) were identified, giving an overall estimate of 1.95 cases per 100 000 person‐years.ConclusionThe novel two‐stage identification approach employed suggests significant under‐recording of anaphylaxis in those admitted to hospitals in Istanbul.
A taxonomy of possible reasons for and against sperm donation
Authors: Bossema Ercolie R. , Janssens Pim M.W. , Landwehr Frieda , Treucker Roswitha G.L. , van Duinen Kor , Nap Annemiek W. , Geenen Rinie 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveVarious reasons may guide the decision of men to become a sperm donor. Our aim was to identify a comprehensive set of possible reasons for and against sperm donation.DesignConcept mapping.SettingAssisted reproduction clinics.SampleNine sperm donors and seven non‐sperm donors.MethodsInterviews to obtain statements for and against sperm donation, card‐sorting tasks to categorize these statements according to similarity, and hierarchical cluster analysis to structure these categorizations.Main outcome measuresHierarchical structure with reasons for and against sperm donation.ResultsThe hierarchical structure with 91 reasons comprised selfishness (including narcissism and procreation), psychosocial drives (including altruism, detached procreation, and sexual/financial satisfaction), and psychosocial barriers (including normative and moral barriers related to oneself, one's spouse, the donor child, and society).ConclusionsThe identified hierarchical overview of reasons for and against sperm donation may help potential sperm donors when considering becoming a sperm donor, enable more systematic counseling of potential sperm donors, and guide further research on reasons for and against sperm donation.
Role ofCCL18 in asthma and lung immunity
Authors: Tsicopoulos A. , Chang Y. , Ait Yahia S. , de Nadai P. , Chenivesse C. 
Published: November 2012

SummaryAllergic asthma is a prototypic Th2 mediated disease, where chemokines orchestrate the inflammatory cell recruitment. Most chemokines have a pro‐inflammatory role. In this review, we focus on the potential role, in asthma and lung immunity, ofCCL18 a chemokine both constitutively expressed at high levels in the lung and induced in inflammatory conditions. This chemokine is mainly produced by antigen presenting cells, and induced by Th2 type cytokines. The available data suggest that this chemokine may exhibit dual functions, with both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory properties, the latter through its ability to generate adaptive regulatory T cells in healthy subjects, with a loss of function in allergic patients. However, the functional implications are at the moment hampered by the lack of data on the nature of its putative receptor, and the absence of murine orthologue.
Experimental periodontitis and peri‐implantitis in dogs
Authors: Carcuac Olivier , Abrahamsson Ingemar , Albouy Jean‐Pierre , Linder Elena , Larsson Lena , Berglundh Tord 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo analyze the tissue reactions following ligature removal in experimental periodontitis and peri‐implantitis in dogs.Material and methodsFour implants with similar geometry and with two different surface characteristics (turned/TiUnite Nobel BioCare AB, Göteborg) were placed pair‐wise in a randomized order in the right side of the mandible 3 months after tooth extraction in 5 dogs. Experimental peri‐implantitis and periodontitis were initiated 3 months later by ligature placement around implants and mandibular premolars and plaque formation. The ligatures were removed after 10 weeks, and block biopsies were obtained and prepared for histological analysis 6 months later.ResultsIt was demonstrated that the amount of bone loss that occurred during the period following ligature removal was significantly larger at implants with a modified surface than at implants with a turned surface and at teeth. The histological analysis revealed that peri‐implantitis sites exhibited inflammatory cell infiltrates that were larger, extended closer to the bone crest and contained larger proportions of neutrophil granulocytes and osteoclasts than in periodontitis.ConclusionIt is suggested that lesions produced in experimental periodontitis, and peri‐implantitis are different and that implant surface characteristics influence the inflammatory process in experimental peri‐implantitis and the magnitude of the resulting tissue destruction.
The needs, concerns, and characteristics of younger Australian adults with Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Browne J. L. , Scibilia R. , Speight J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimsThe mean age of onset of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is decreasing in Australia and internationally. We conducted an internet‐based survey to improve our understanding of the emotional well‐being and unmet needs of younger adults with Type 2 diabetes, and to inform service provision for this group.MethodsA random sample of National Diabetes Services Scheme registrants (n = 1,417) with Type 2 diabetes, aged 18–39 years, living in the Australian state of Victoria received an invitation to complete the online survey. The study was also advertised state‐wide. The survey included validated scales (PAID‐5: diabetes‐related distress; WHO‐5: general emotional well‐being) and study‐specific items. A total of 149 eligible respondents participated.ResultsAlmost two‐thirds (63%) of respondents reported severe‐diabetes related distress; more than a quarter (27%) had impaired general emotional well‐being. Most (82%) were overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25); most (77%) had at least one other co‐morbidity. Lack of motivation, feeling burned out, and being time‐poor were identified as top barriers to self‐management. More than half (59%) of respondents had not participated in structured diabetes education. Respondents perceived that younger adults with Type 2 diabetes had different health‐care needs than their older counterparts (68%), and that most Type 2 diabetes information/services were aimed at older adults (62%). Of a range of potential new services, respondents indicated greatest interest in an online forum specifically for younger adults with Type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsYounger adults with Type 2 diabetes have impaired emotional well‐being and physical health. Population‐based research is needed to confirm the current findings, to further inform service delivery and optimise outcomes for this group.
Institutional environment, ownership and firm taxation
Authors: Wu Wenfeng , Rui Oliver M. , Wu Chongfeng 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis paper examines how ownership type and institutional environment affect firm taxation. Using a sample of Chinese‐listed firms from 1999 to 2006, we find that private firms enjoy a lower effective tax rate than local state‐owned enterprises. In addition, the preferential taxation of private firms is associated with local government incentives to promote local economic growth. We find that private firms located in regions with a lower level of privatization receive preferential tax treatment. Our results also suggest that decentralization and interjurisdictional competition lead to financial interdependence between local governments and private firms.
Non‐linear geographics and the economics of transition and democratization1
Authors: Brezis Elise S. , Verdier Thierry 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyse the effects of geography on the transition process in authoritarian political regimes, and to investigate the nature of the links between political change, economic reforms and geographical location. A simple model of transition and democratization is presented wherein we show that the effectiveness of repression by the incumbent elite is a negative function of the distance to the ‘free world’. In consequence, geography has conflicting effects on shifts in political power. This article provides a rationale for the counterintuitive fact that the first authoritarian country to start a transition process towards democratization is not necessarily the one nearest to the free world.
The effects of winter ice cover on the trophic ecology of whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus L.) in subarctic lakes
Authors: Hayden Brian , Harrod Chris , Kahilainen Kimmo K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractLakes in Arctic and subarctic regions display extreme levels of seasonal variation in light, temperature and ice cover. Comparatively little is known regarding the effects of such seasonal variation on the diet and resource use of fish species inhabiting these systems. Variation in the diet of European whitefish Coregonus lavaretus (L.) during periods of ice cover in this region is often regarded as ‘common knowledge’; however, this aspect of the species' ecology has not been examined empirically. Here, we outline the differences in invertebrate community structure, fish activity, and resource use of monomorphic whitefish populations between summer (August–September) and winter (February–March) in three subarctic lakes in Finnish Lapland. Benthic macroinvertebrate densities did not exhibit measurable differences between summer and winter. Zooplankton diversity and abundance, and activity levels of all fish species (measured as catch per unit effort) were lower in winter. The summer diet of C. lavaretus was typical of a generalist utilising a variety of prey sources. In winter, its dietary niche was significantly reduced, and the diet was dominated by chironomid larvae in all study sites. Pelagic productivity decreases during winter, and fish species inhabiting these systems are therefore restricted to feeding on benthic prey. Sampling time has strong effect on our understanding of resource utilisation by whitefish in subarctic lakes and should be taken into account in future studies of these systems.
Alterations in Purkinje cell GABAA receptor pharmacology following oxygen and glucose deprivation and cerebral ischemia reveal novel contribution of β1‐subunit‐containing receptors
Authors: Kelley Melissa H. , Ortiz Justin , Shimizu Kaori , Grewal Himmat , Quillinan Nidia , Herson Paco S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) are particularly sensitive to cerebral ischemia, and decreased GABAA receptor function following injury is thought to contribute to PC sensitivity to ischemia‐induced excitotoxicity. Here we examined the functional properties of the GABAA receptors that are spared following ischemia in cultured Purkinje cells from rat and in vivo ischemia in mouse. Using subunit‐specific positive modulators of GABAA receptors, we observed that oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) and cardiac arrest‐induced cerebral ischemia cause a decrease in sensitivity to the β2/3‐subunit‐preferring compound, etomidate. However, sensitivity to propofol, a β‐subunit‐acting compound that modulates β1–3‐subunits, was not affected by OGD. The α/γ‐subunit‐acting compounds, diazepam and zolpidem, were also unaffected by OGD. We performed single‐cell reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction on isolated PCs from acutely dissociated cerebellar tissue and observed that PCs expressed the β1‐subunit, contrary to previous reports examining GABAA receptor subunit expression in PCs. GABAA receptor β1‐subunit protein was also detected in cultured PCs by western blot and by immunohistochemistry in the adult mouse cerebellum and levels remained unaffected by ischemia. High concentrations of loreclezole (30 μm) inhibited PC GABA‐mediated currents, as previously demonstrated with β1‐subunit‐containing GABAA receptors expressed in heterologous systems. From our data we conclude that PCs express the β1‐subunit and that there is a greater contribution of β1‐subunit‐containing GABAA receptors following OGD.
An evolutionary explanation for the presence of cancer nonstem cells in neoplasms
Authors: Sprouffske Kathleen , Athena Aktipis C. , Radich Jerald P. , Carroll Martin , Nedelcu Aurora M. , Maley Carlo C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractContrary to conventional views that assume all cells in a neoplasm can propagate the tumor, the cancer stem cell hypothesis posits that only a fraction of the cells (the cancer stem cells) can act as tumor‐propagating cells, while most of the tumor is composed of cells with limited replication potential. Here, we offer an evolutionary approach to this controversy. We used several evolutionary, computational models to investigate cancer cell dynamics and conditions consistent with the stem cell hypothesis. Our models predict that if selection acts at the cell level, neoplasms should be primarily comprised of cancer stem cells, in contrast to experimental data indicating that neoplasms contain large fractions of cancer nonstem cells. We explore several solutions explaining the paradoxical existence of cancer nonstem cells in neoplasms, including the possibility that selection acts at the level of multicellular proliferative units.
Higher temperatures enhance the effects of invasive sportfish on mountain zooplankton communities
Authors: MESSNER JORDAN S. , MACLENNAN MEGAN M. , VINEBROOKE ROLF D. 
Published: November 2012

Summary1. Decades of introductions of exotic sportfish to mountain lakes around the world have impoverished them biologically, and this may be exacerbated by global warming. We assessed the current status of invasive salmonids and native zooplankton communities in 34 naturally fishless lakes along an elevational gradient, which served as an environmental proxy for the expected effects of climate change.2. Our main goal was to explore how climate‐related variables influence the effects of stocked salmonids on the total biomass, species richness and taxonomic composition of zooplankton. We predicted that warmer conditions would dampen the negative predatory effects of exotic brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) on zooplankton communities because more temperate lakes contain a greater diversity of potentially tolerant species.3. Instead, we discovered that the persistence of stocked brook trout in the warmer lakes significantly amplified total zooplankton biomass and species richness. In colder and deeper lakes, zooplankton were relatively unaffected by S. fontinalis, which however persisted better in alpine lakes than at lower elevations after stocking practices were halted over two decades ago. Warmer lake conditions and higher concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were significant primary drivers of zooplankton species turnover, both favouring greater species diversity.4. Our findings of an ecological surprise involving potential synergistic positive effects of climate warming and exotic trout on native zooplankton communities presents a conundrum for managers of certain national mountain parks. Present mandates to eradicate non‐native trout and return the mountain lakes to their naturally fishless state may conflict with efforts to conserve biodiversity under a rapidly changing climate.
Reduction of Medication Costs After Detoxification for Medication‐Overuse Headache
Authors: Shah Asif M. , Bendtsen Lars , Zeeberg Peter , Jensen Rigmor H. 
Published: November 2012

ObjectiveTo examine whether detoxifying patients with medication‐overuse headache can reduce long‐term medication costs.BackgroundDirect costs of medications in medication‐overuse headache have been reported to be very high but have never been calculated on the basis of exact register data. Long‐term economic savings obtained by detoxification have never been investigated.MethodsWe conducted a registry‐based observational retrospective follow‐up study on 336 medication‐overuse headache patients treated and discharged from the Danish Headache Center over a 2‐year period. By means of the Danish Register of Medicinal Product Statistics, we collected information on the costs and use of prescription‐only medication 1 year before admission and 1 year after discharge from Danish Headache Center.ResultsThe average medication costs per patient per year decreased with 24%, from US$971 before treatment to US$737 after (P = .001), and the average medication use decreased with 14.4% (P = .02). Savings were most pronounced for patients overusing triptans. In this group, the average medication costs per patient per year decreased with 43% (P < .001), while the average triptan use decreased with 38% (P < .001).ConclusionsThe study demonstrates that detoxification of medication‐overuse headache at a tertiary headache center has a long‐lasting effect on the medication costs and use, in particular among patients overusing triptans. The results may not be generalizable to all countries and may be sensitive to the costs of triptans.
Understanding the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002: Cash Seizure and Frontline Policing
Authors: Cram Frederick 
Published: November 2012

AbstractRecent shifts in modes of criminal justice have precipitated a startling expansion of police powers in England and Wales (Brownlee 1998; Reiner 2007). The Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (POCA) (as amended) is an example of a growing trend towards the use of hybrid civil‐criminal legislation. The Act can be situated within a criminal justice paradigm, often referred to as the ‘new penology’ of risk, or ‘actuarial justice’ (Feeley and Simon 1992, p.449). Part 8 provides frontline police officers with additional, extensive and far‐reaching cash seizure powers for the disruption and frustration of serious, often organised, acquisitive crime. Though laudable in its aims, the legislation is susceptible to manipulation by officers wanting to secure broader social and disciplinary objectives, often pertaining to the organisational subcultural norms of rank‐and‐file police officers. Its provisions have become part of mainstream policing powers. An exploration of the broader implications of mainstreaming the cash seizure powers into frontline policing has, therefore, become timely. In this article, I conduct such an examination, concluding by setting out an agenda for more critical research than has been undertaken to date.
The Relationship between Job Stressors and Job Involvement among Correctional Staff: A Test of the Job Strain Model
Authors: Lambert Eric G. , Hogan Nancy L. , Cheeseman Kelly , Barton‐Bellessa Shannon M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMuch of the research on correctional staff over the past two decades has focused on how the job environment and demographic variables influence job stress and job satisfaction. The issue of job involvement has largely been ignored. As correctional employees are such an important part of corrections, understanding how job stressors affect job involvement is essential. An analysis of survey data from a private correctional facility in the US Midwest examined the effects of the relationship between the job stressors of role conflict, role ambiguity, role overload, and perceived dangerous of the job with job involvement. Multivariate analysis with ordinary least squares (OLS) regression indicated that role conflict and dangerousness of the job had significant effects on job involvement, but role ambiguity and role overload did not. It is hoped that this study will spark further research in the area.
Evaluation of chlorhexidine 0.05% with the adjunct of fluoride 0.05% in the inhibition of plaque formation: a double blind, crossover, plaque regrowth study
Authors: De Siena F , Del Fabbro M , Corbella S , Taschieri S , Weinstein R 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of mouthrinses containing 0.05% chlorhexidine + 0.05% fluoride solution on early dental plaque regrowth.Materials and methodsThirty periodontally healthy subjects were included in the study. A crossover 4‐day plaque regrowth protocol was adopted. The test product was initially used in 15 patients, while a placebo was administered to the other 15 patients. Then, after a washout period, each patient used the other product. No other oral hygiene manoeuvre was allowed. Full‐mouth plaque and bleeding scores (FMPS and FMBS) were evaluated at baseline and after 4 days.ResultsAll subjects completed the study. The mean age was 27 ± 8.4 years. Five patients were smokers with a mean daily consumption of 1 ± 2.5 cigarettes. FMPS at baseline was 8.0 ± 4.4 for control group and 7.9 ± 3.8 for test group, without significant difference. After the 4‐day plaque regrowth the mean FMPS significantly increased to 31.9 ± 16.5 and 36.3 ± 16.1 for control and test group, respectively (no significant difference between the two groups).ConclusionsThe test product was safe and well tolerated by subjects. The similar outcomes of the two experimental groups suggest that the two products have an equivalent effect on early dental plaque regrowth. Studies with longer follow‐up are needed to clarify whether there is a beneficial long‐term effect of daily rinses with the tested solution.