bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pasireotide is more effective than octreotide in reducing hepatorenal cystogenesis in rodents with polycystic kidney and liver diseases
Authors: Masyuk Tatyana V. , Radtke Brynn N. , Stroope Angela J. , Banales Jesús M. , Gradilone Sergio A. , Huang Bing , Masyuk Anatoliy I. , Hogan Marie C. , Torres Vicente E. , LaRusso Nicholas F. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

In polycystic liver (PLD) and kidney (PKD) diseases, increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels trigger hepatorenal cystogenesis. A reduction of the elevated cAMP by targeting somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) with octreotide (OCT; a somatostatin analog that preferentially binds to SSTR2) inhibits cyst growth. Here we compare the effects of OCT to pasireotide (PAS; a more potent somatostatin analog with broader receptor specificity) on: (1) cAMP levels, cell cycle, proliferation, and cyst expansion in vitro using cholangiocytes derived from control and PCK rats (a model of autosomal recessive PKD [ARPKD]), healthy human beings, and patients with autosomal dominant PKD (ADPKD); and (2) hepatorenal cystogenesis in vivo in PCK rats and Pkd2

WS25/- mice (a model of ADPKD). Expression of SSTRs was assessed in control and cystic cholangiocytes of rodents and human beings. Concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (both involved in indirect action of somatostatin analogs), and expression and localization of SSTRs after treatment were evaluated. We found that PAS was more potent (by 30%-45%) than OCT in reducing cAMP and cell proliferation, affecting cell cycle distribution, decreasing growth of cultured cysts in vitro, and inhibiting hepatorenal cystogenesis in vivo in PCK rats and Pkd2

WS25/- mice. The levels of IGF1 (but not VEGF) were reduced only in response to PAS. Expression of SSTR1 and SSTR2 (but not SSTR3 and SSTR5) was decreased in cystic cholangiocytes compared to control. Although both OCT and PAS increased the immunoreactivity of SSTR2, only PAS up-regulated SSTR1; neither drug affected cellular localization of SSTRs. Conclusion: PAS is more effective than OCT in reducing hepatorenal cystogenesis in rodent models; therefore, it might be more beneficial for the treatment of PKD and PLD. (HEPATOLOGY 2013)
Pain‐like behaviour and spinal changes in the monosodium iodoacetate model of osteoarthritis in C57Bl/6 mice
Authors: Ogbonna A. C. , Clark A. K. , Gentry C. , Hobbs C. , Malcangio M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent, age‐related pain condition that poses a significant clinical problem. Here, in the monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) model of OA, we have characterized pain behaviours and associated changes at the first pain synapse in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord.MethodsMice received intra‐articular injections of 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg MIA and mechanical paw withdrawal threshold was monitored for up to 4 weeks. An intrathecal injection of peptide antagonist calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP8‐37) was given 3 weeks post MIA and paw withdrawal thresholds were measured after 1 and 3 h. Immunohistochemical analysis of the lumbar dorsal horn was carried out and activity‐evoked CGRP release was measured from isolated lumbar dorsal horn slices – with dorsal roots attached.ResultsBy 2 weeks after intra‐articular MIA injection, mechanical hypersensitivity was established in the ipsilateral hindpaw. There was no evidence of sensory neuron damage in lumbar dorsal root ganglia 7 days after 1 mg MIA. However, both dorsal horn neuron activation and microglial response (Fos and Iba‐1 immunostaining) but not reactive astrocytes (glial fibrillary acidic protein) were observed. Evoked CGRP release was greater from dorsal horn slices of MIA‐treated mice compared with control. Furthermore, intrathecal administration of peptide antagonist CGRP8‐37 acutely attenuated established MIA‐induced mechanical hypersensitivity.ConclusionsIntra‐articular MIA is associated with referred mechanical hypersensitivity and increased release of CGRP from primary afferent fibres in the dorsal horn where second‐order neuron activation is associated with a microglial response. Antagonism of CGRP receptor activation provides a therapeutic avenue for the treatment of pain in OA.
A comparison of the effect of mindfulness and relaxation on responses to acute experimental pain
Authors: Sharpe L. , Nicholson Perry K. , Rogers P. , Refshauge K. , Nicholas M.K. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the efficacy of mindfulness training in comparison with relaxation training on pain, threshold and tolerance during the cold pressor task.MethodsUndergraduate psychology students (n = 140) were randomly assigned to receive reassuring or threatening information about the cold pressor. Participants were then re‐randomized to receive mindfulness or a control intervention: relaxation training.ResultsAnalyses confirmed that the threat manipulation was effective in increasing worry, fear of harm and expectations of pain, and reducing coping efficacy. Interaction effects revealed that mindfulness was effective in increasing curiosity and reducing decentring under conditions of high threat but not low threat. Other interactions on cognitive variables (attentional bias to pain and self‐focus) confirmed that mindfulness and relaxation appeared to exert influences under different conditions (i.e. mindfulness: high threat; and relaxation: low threat). Despite these cognitive effects being discerned under different conditions, there were no differences between mindfulness and relaxation on pain, tolerance or threshold in either threat group.ConclusionsThese results show that a single, brief session of mindfulness based on body scanning is not sufficient to change the way in which individuals approach an experimental pain task in comparison with relaxation, which has previously been shown to be ineffective.
Narrow and scientific replication of ‘The slave trade and the origins of mistrust in Africa'
Authors: Deconinck Koen , Verpoorten Marijke 
Published: November 2012

SUMMARYNunn and Wantchekon (2011) argue that slave trades led to a culture of mistrust in Africa. They regress self‐reported trust from the 2005 Afrobarometer surveys on ethnicity‐specific historic slave exports. Individuals from ethnic groups that experienced high levels of slave exports are less trusting. Causality is demonstrated by instrumenting slave exports using the historic distance of each ethnic group to the coast. Our narrow replication yields identical results. The scientific replication repeats the analysis with Afrobarometer survey data from 2008, which includes two new countries and more ethnic groups. Our replication confirms the results of Nunn and Wantchekon. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of siRNA Targeting c‐Myc and VEGF on Human Colorectal Cancer Volo Cells
Authors: Tai Jiandong , Wang Guangyi , Liu Tongjun , Wang Lei , Lin Chenghe , Li Feng 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTc‐Myc and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) genes are frequently deregulated and overexpressed in this malignancy, and strategies designed to inhibit c‐Myc and VEGF expression in cancer cells may have considerable therapeutic value. In the present study, we design and use short interfering RNA (siRNA) to inhibit c‐Myc and VEGF expression in colorectal cancer Volo cells and validate their effects on cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell metastasis. Upon transient transfection with plasmid‐encoding siRNA, it was found that expression of c‐Myc and VEGF was significantly downregulated in siRNA‐transfected cells and the downregulation of c‐Myc and VEGF inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis and metastasis of Volo cells. c‐Myc and VEGF downregulation also increased cell population in the G0–G1 phase. In conclusion, the specific siRNA efficiently silenced the expression of c‐Myc and VEGF, further suppressed the cell proliferation, triggered cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell invasiveness of colorectal cancer Volo cells. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 26:499‐505, 2012;Viewthis article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21455
MRI pyschophysics: An experimental framework relating image quality to diagnostic performance metrics
Authors: Durand Daniel J. , Carrino John A. , Fayad Laura M. , Huisman Thierry A.G.M. , El‐Sharkawy AbdEl‐Monem M. , Edelstein William A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose:To determine the minimal image quality needed to preserve diagnostic performance relative to arthroscopy in the knee.Materials and Methods:Synthetic noise was added to images from clinical MRI scans (three‐dimensional SPACE pulse sequence; Siemens) from five patients who had undergone knee MRI with arthroscopic follow‐up, resulting in 25 simulated sets of images with standardized signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) of 1, 2, 5, 10, or 20. All cases were scored by four musculoskeletal radiologists progressing from low to high SNR and grading all cartilage surfaces, major ligaments and menisci on a 5‐point scale. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for the detection of meniscal tears and cartilage abnormalities. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was determined for each structure at each SNR level. In addition, reader confidence was measured and pairwise comparisons across SNR levels were performed. Results were compared with arthroscopy as the reference standard.Results:ROC AUC was maximized for meniscal tears at SNR = 5 (structure specific CNR = 3.2) and for cartilage abnormalities at SNR = 10 (CNR = 4.2). Observer confidence was maximized for menisci at SNR = 5 (CNR = 8.0), for ligaments at SNR = 10 (CNR = 13.6) and cartilage at SNR = 10 (CNR = 8.2).Conclusion:For 3D isotropic imaging in the knee, images with SNR < 10 or CNR < 10 should be rejected as nondiagnostic. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1402–1408. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiparametric MRI for prostate cancer localization in correlation to whole‐mount histopathology
Authors: Isebaert Sofie , Van den Bergh Laura , Haustermans Karin , Joniau Steven , Lerut Evelyne , De Wever Liesbeth , De Keyzer Frederik , Budiharto Tom , Slagmolen Pieter , Van Poppel Hendrik , Oyen Raymond 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPurpose:To prospectively evaluate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for accurate localization of intraprostatic tumor nodules, with whole‐mount histopathology as the gold standard.Materials and Methods:Seventy‐five patients with biopsy‐proven, intermediate, and high‐risk prostate cancer underwent preoperative T2‐weighted (T2w), dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) and diffusion‐weighted (DW) MRI at 1.5T. Localization of suspicious lesions was recorded for each of 24 standardized regions of interest on the different MR images and correlated with the pathologic findings. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive, and negative predictive value for every MRI modality, as well as to evaluate the influence of Gleason score and pT‐stage. Tumor volume measurements on histopathological specimens were correlated with those on the different MR modalities (Pearson correlation).Results:DW MRI had the highest sensitivity for tumor localization (31.1% vs. 27.4% vs. 44.5% for T2w, DCE, and DW MRI, respectively; P < 0.005), with more aggressive or more advanced tumors being more easily detected with this imaging modality. Significantly higher sensitivity values were obtained for the combination of T2w, DCE, and DW MRI (58.8%) as compared to each modality alone or any combination of two modalities (P < 0.0001). Tumor volume can most accurately be assessed by means of DW MRI (r = 0.75; P < 0.0001).Conclusion:Combining T2w, DCE, and DW imaging significantly improves prostate cancer localization. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:1392–1401. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HIV gag‐specific immune response mediated by double negative (CD3+CD4−CD8−) T cells in HIV‐exposed seronegative individuals
Authors: Restrepo Clara , Rallón Norma I. , del Romero Jorge , Rodríguez Carmen , Sempere‐Ortells José M. , de la Vega Elvira , Soriano Vincent , Benito José M. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDouble negative (DN) T cells are CD3+, CD4−, CD8− cells with either T‐cell receptors (TCR) αβ or TCR γδ whose importance on protection against HIV infection is unknown. Since HIV‐exposed seronegative individuals correspond to an ideal group in whom correlates of protection are expected, the role of these cells was studied in 13 HIV‐serodiscordant couples in a stable relationship and reporting unprotected sexual intercourses. HIV‐specific immune responses mediated by DN T‐cells were evaluated by measuring intracellular IFNγ and MIP1β (CCL4) production in response to HIV‐Gag peptides. Thirty‐five healthy controls not exposed to HIV were tested similarly and used to define a threshold for positive responses. Interestingly, Gag‐specific DN T‐cell responses were found in 3/13 (23%) HIV‐exposed seronegative individuals (Group A), involving both DN/αβ+ and DN/γδ+ T‐cells through MIP1β and IFNγ production. 4/13 (30%) of partners infected with HIV (Group B) also showed Gag‐specific responses but were mediated exclusively by DN/γδ+ T‐cells, mainly through IFNγ production. DN T‐cells in Group A individuals can display differential HIV‐specific immune responses, which might contribute to the low susceptibility to infection with HIV shown by individuals in Group A. J. Med. Virol. 85:200–209, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving diagnosis of primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women using immunoblots
Authors: Rajasekariah Harshita , Scott Gillian , Robertson Peter W. , Rawlinson William D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common infectious cause of mental disability in newborns of developed countries. Transmission of CMV from mother to baby is more frequent in maternal primary infection, although CMV reactivation causes more congenital infections overall. Current diagnostic tests for distinguishing primary and reactivation CMV have problems with interpretation and immunoblots may assist with diagnosis. Sera from 60 pregnant women were analyzed using conventional serology in parallel with a commercial immunoblot assay (using Recomblot, Mikrogen Diagnostik). Comparison of detection of CMV IgG, IgM, IgG avidity in maternal primary infection showed the immunoblot relative to conventional serology had sensitivity and specificity of 100% for IgG identification. The detection of IgM on immunoblot showed sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 62.5%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 81.8% and negative predictive value (NPV) of 52.6%. The immunoblot IgG avidity assay had sensitivity of 94.1%, with a PPV of 100% when identifying low avidity serum samples, and sensitivity of 100% with a PPV of 97.1% for high avidity serum samples. Overall agreement between conventional serology (IgM, IgG avidity) and immunoblot (IgM, IgG avidity) for detection of primary CMV infection was 65%. Although the immunoblot is effective in detecting IgG and determining IgG avidity, it showed no significant benefits in performance or utility as a first line diagnostic technique for IgM or primary CMV infection in pregnant women. J. Med. Virol. 85:315–319, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longitudinal study of seroprevalence and serostability of the human polyomaviruses JCV and BKV in organ transplant recipients
Authors: Antonsson Annika , Pawlita Michael , Feltkamp Mariet C.W. , Bouwes Bavinck Jan N. , Euvrard Sylvie , Harwood Catherine A. , Naldi Luigi , Nindl Ingo , Proby Charlotte M. , Neale Rachel E. , Waterboer Tim 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe human polyomaviruses BKV and JCV cause mostly subclinical infections in childhood. Systemical immunosuppression after organ transplantation can lead to reactivation of persistent polyomavirus infections which may cause rejection of the transplanted organ. BKV and JCV seroprevalence and serostability was measured in 441 European solid organ transplanted recipients. Baseline samples were collected on average 24 days post‐transplantation and sera were then collected over an 18 months follow‐up period on up to six different time points. The overall seroprevalence at baseline for BKV was 97% with very little change over time. Prevalence for JCV was 76% at baseline and increased to 80% at the end of follow‐up. BKV seroprevalence was highest in the youngest age group (100%) and decreased with increasing age (92% in the oldest age group; P < 0.0001), while JCV increased with age (69% vs. 81%; P = 0.020). Antibody reactivities for both BKV and JCV increased significantly with time (P = 0.0002 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Among the 406 patients with several samples, 94% were stably seropositive for BKV and 1% remained seronegative during the follow‐up. JCV antibody stability was somewhat lower: 67% remained stably seropositive and 13% seronegative. While seroprevalence of BKV and JCV decrease and increase with age, respectively, both polyomaviruses showed significant increasing antibody reactivity over time in organ transplanted recipients at the onset of immunosuppression. J. Med. Virol. 85:327–335, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Case of Reye's syndrome accompanied by hemolytic anemia and cardiac injury after cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Qi Ying , Liu Xiaomei , Xu Wei , Ruan Qiang 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA 6‐month‐old girl with active human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection developed Reye's syndrome after vaccination. She suffered from uncommon complications of HCMV infection, including Coombs‐negative hemolytic anemia and cardiac injury, but recovered after the appropriate treatment with prompt ganciclovir and symptomatic support. However, the patient died later as a result of a viral upper respiratory tract infection, which aggravated the primary disease. This case suggests that HCMV infection might be a causative agent of Reye's syndrome. J. Med. Virol. 85:490–492, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using meta‐analysis to inform the design of subsequent studies of diagnostic test accuracy
Authors: Hinchliffe Sally R. , Crowther Michael J. , Phillips Robert S. , Sutton Alex J. 
Published: November 2012

An individual diagnostic accuracy study rarely provides enough information to make conclusive recommendations about the accuracy of a diagnostic test; particularly when the study is small. Meta‐analysis methods provide a way of combining information from multiple studies, reducing uncertainty in the result and hopefully providing substantial evidence to underpin reliable clinical decision‐making. Very few investigators consider any sample size calculations when designing a new diagnostic accuracy study. However, it is important to consider the number of subjects in a new study in order to achieve a precise measure of accuracy.Sutton et al. have suggested previously that when designing a new therapeutic trial, it could be more beneficial to consider the power of the updated meta‐analysis including the new trial rather than of the new trial itself. The methodology involves simulating new studies for a range of sample sizes and estimating the power of the updated meta‐analysis with each new study added. Plotting the power values against the range of sample sizes allows the clinician to make an informed decision about the sample size of a new trial. This paper extends this approach from the trial setting and applies it to diagnostic accuracy studies. Several meta‐analytic models are considered including bivariate random effects meta‐analysis that models the correlation between sensitivity and specificity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality factors, antioxidant activity, and sensory properties of jet‐tube dried rabbiteye blueberries
Authors: Pallas Laura A , Pegg Ronald B , Kerr William L 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDRabbiteye blueberries are an excellent source of nutrients and phytochemicals. They are often dried, which can degrade health‐promoting compounds. Means of shortening exposure to high‐temperature drying air are desirable. Five cultivars of rabbiteye blueberries (‘Premier’, ‘Tifblue’, ‘Brightwell’, ‘Alapaha’, and ‘Powderblue’) were dried in a jet‐tube fluidized bed air dryer with varying pretreatments including mechanical abrasion and osmotic dehydration.RESULTSDrying time ranged from 66 to 95 min at 107 °C, achieving a final water activity of 0.347–0.605. Prior osmotic dehydration significantly reduced the drying time. Vacuum osmotic dehydration for 70 min achieved similar moisture contents to soaking blueberries for 24 h. Jet‐tube dried blueberries exhibited greater color saturation than commercially available blueberries. While drying reduced the total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA) content, this occurred to a lesser extent than by other processing methods. The total phenolics content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (H‐ORACFL values) increased after drying. ‘Premier’ was the most preferred vacuum‐infused dried blueberry, with a water activity (aw) of 0.53 and 157 g H2O kg−1. ‘Tifblue’ was most preferred amongst the overnight‐infused and also unsweetened dried blueberries.CONCLUSIONJet‐tube drying can substantially reduce drying times while yielding blueberries with good color, sensory properties, TMA, TPC, and H‐ORACFL values. Furthermore, some cultivars produce better‐quality dried blueberries than others.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
FT‐IR and NMR study of seed coat dissected from different colored progenies of Brassica napus–Sinapis alba hybrids
Authors: Jiang Jinjin , Shao Yanlin , Li Aimin , Zhang Yongtai , Wei Cunxu , Wang Youping 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDYellow‐seeded Brassica napus is preferred by breeders for economic reasons, and seed coat is the most obvious comparable character between yellow and black rapeseed.RESULTSOwing to an incomplete understanding of chemical components in yellow rapeseed coat, here we optimized a technique based on attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) microspectroscopy to screen differences in chemical compositions of Brassica napus, Sinapis alba and four progeny lines with different yellow seed color derived from somatic hybrids between B. napus and S. alba. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis of seed coat from B. napus and S. alba represented two specific peaks representing components of lignin in B. napus, which were absent in the progenies. Also, the intensity of peaks related to fiber were stronger in B. napus than S. alba and yellow seed lines, indicating the differences of fiber and lignin contents in yellow‐seeded lines and parent lines. Differences in the lipid, protein and carbohydrate features were identified between B. napus and S. alba, some of which were specifically inherited in progenies of the somatic hybrids.CONCLUSIONFT‐IR spectrometry and NMR provide a rapid, direct bioanalytical technique for exploring the changes in molecular chemistry within the canola seed coat and for selecting rapeseed materials with high quality, which can be further used for breeding or nutrition of human and animals. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry