bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of reference limits: statistical concepts and tools for sample size calculation
Authors: Wellek Stefan , Lackner Karl J. , Jennen-Steinmetz Christine , Reinhard Iris , Hoffmann Isabell , Blettner Maria 
Published: November 2014

AbstractReference limits are estimators for ‘extreme’ percentiles of the distribution of a quantitative diagnostic marker in the healthy population. In most cases, interest will be in the 90% or 95% reference intervals. The standard parametric method of determining reference limits consists of computing quantities of the form
Reference ranges for serum β-trace protein in neonates and children younger than 1 year of age
Authors: Zwiers Alexandra J.M. , Cransberg Karlien , de Rijke Yolanda B. , Willemsen Sten P. , de Mol Amerik C. , Tibboel Dick , de Wildt Saskia N. 
Published: November 2014

Abstractβ-Trace protein (BTP) has been proposed as an alternative endogenous marker of glomerular filtration rate. Data on BTP reference ranges in young children are scarce. We therefore aim to establish reference ranges and examine the developmental course of serum BTP in basically healthy children younger than 1 year of age.Single blood samples were taken from healthy children (born at gestational age ≥37 weeks) <12 months of age. Serum BTP was measured using the N latex B-trace protein assay (Siemens Diagnostics, Deerfield, IL, USA) on an ImmageFrom June 2010 to January 2014, 95 blood samples were collected from 95 children {67.4% male; median age 120 days [inter quartile range 57–166]}. BTP was normally distributed (mean concentration 0.84±standard deviation 0.35 mg/L). Considering all children, the 50th centile BTP reference concentration was 0.82 mg/L (5th–95th centiles; 0.27–1.38). BTP concentrations were the highest in neonates and steadily declined with increasing age (Spearman’s rank correlation was –0.415, p=0.002). No gender differences were found.Our data provide a BTP reference range for the first year of life. Seeing the biological pattern of BTP, with only a limited postnatal decline, this marker might offer a promising alternative to serum creatinine-based methods for estimating glomerular filtration rate in newborns.
Low SOX17 expression: prognostic significance in de novo acute myeloid leukemia with normal cytogenetics
Authors: Tang Chun-yan , Lin Jiang , Qian Wei , Yang Jing , Ma Ji-chun , Deng Zhao-qun , Yang Lei , An Cui , Wen Xiang-mei , Zhang Ying-ying , Qian Jun 
Published: November 2014

Abstract: Aberrant expression of SRY-box containing gene 17 (: Real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) was performed to analyze the status of:Our findings indicated that low
The serum uromodulin level is associated with kidney function
Authors: Risch Lorenz , Lhotta Karl , Meier Dominik , Medina-Escobar Pedro , Nydegger Urs E. , Risch Martin 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn chronic kidney diseases of various etiologies, the urinary excretion of uromodulin is usually decreased in parallel with the glomerular filtration rate. This study aimed to investigate whether serum uromodulin is associated with kidney function.Within the framework of the Seniorlabor study, a subset of subjectively healthy individuals 60 years of age and older were included in the study. Serum uromodulin was measured with ELISA. The relationship between serum uromodulin and different stages of kidney function (i.e., cystatin C-based 2012-CKD-EPI eGFRIn total, 289 participants (140 males/149 females; mean age 71±7 years) were included in the study. There were significant differences in serum uromodulin among the four groups according to different kidney function stages (p<0.001). Serum uromodulin displayed inverse relationships with creatinine (r=–0.39), cystatin C (r=–0.42), and urea (r=–0.30) and, correspondingly, a positive relationship with eGFRSerum uromodulin behaves in a manner opposite that of the different conventional renal retention markers by displaying lower concentrations with decreasing kidney function. As uromodulin is produced by the cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, lower uromodulin serum levels may reflect a reduction in number or function of these cells in chronic kidney disease.
Parental mediation of internet use and cultural values across Europe: Investigating the predictive power of the Hofstedian paradigm
Authors: Mertens Stefan , d’Haenens Leen 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe EU Kids Online project aims to enhance knowledge of the experiences and practices of European children and their parents regarding online risks and safety. A crucial research effort by the EU Kids Online network has been a survey in 25 European countries which targeted approximately 1,000 children per country. This article applies a cross-cultural values filter to the data that were gathered on parental mediation and the Internet in this survey. Our intention is to test whether Geert Hofstede’s cross-national research results about national cultural values also apply to the EU Kids Online data on parental mediation. This implies studying collectivism versus individualism, low versus high power distance, masculinity versus femininity and low versus high uncertainty avoidance. We test whether differences between nations on these four dimensions correlate with differences between countries in parental mediation of the Internet and we test which European countries form clusters.
Normal functions, Picard--Fuchs equations, and elliptic fibrations on
K3 surfaces
Authors: Chen Xi , Doran Charles , Kerr Matt , Lewis James D. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Using Gauss–Manin derivatives of generalized normal functions,
we arrive at results on the non-triviality of the
transcendental regulator for

K
m

$K_{m}$

of a very general projective algebraic manifold.
Our strongest results are for the transcendental regulator
for

K
1

$K_{1}$

of a very general

K
⁢
3

$K3$

surface and its self-product. We also construct an explicit
family of

K
1

$K_{1}$

cycles on

H
⊕

E
8

⊕

E
8

$H\oplus E_{8}\oplus E_{8}$

-polarized

K
⁢
3

$K3$

surfaces,
and show they are indecomposable by a direct evaluation of the real regulator.
Critical use is made of natural elliptic fibrations, hypersurface normal forms,
and an explicit parametrization by modular functions.
Inhibition of OATP-1B1 and OATP-1B3 by tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Khurana Varun , Minocha Mukul , Pal Dhananjay , Mitra Ashim K. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background: The potential of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) interacting with other therapeutics through hepatic uptake transporter inhibition has not been fully delineated in drug-drug interactions (DDIs). This study was designed to estimate the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of five small-molecule TKIs (pazopanib, nilotinib, vandetanib, canertinib and erlotinib) interacting with organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs): OATP-1B1 and -1B3.

Methods: The IC50 values of TKIs and rifampicin (positive control) were determined by concentration-dependent inhibition of TKIs on cellular accumulation of radiolabeled probe substrates [3H]estrone sulfate and [3H]cholecystokinin octapeptide. Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with humanized OATP-1B1 and OATP-1B3 transporter proteins, respectively, were utilized to carry out these studies.

Results: Pazopanib and nilotinib show inhibitory activity on OATP-1B1 transporter protein. IC50 values for rifampicin, pazopanib and nilotinib were 10.46±1.15, 3.89±1.21 and 2.78±1.13 μM, respectively, for OATP-1B1 transporter. Vandetanib, canertinib and erlotinib did not exhibit any inhibitory potency toward OATP-1B1 transporter protein. Only vandetanib expressed inhibitory potential toward OATP-1B3 transporter protein out of the five selected TKIs. IC50 values for rifampicin and vandetanib for OATP-1B3 transporter inhibition were 3.67±1.20 and 18.13±1.21 μM, respectively. No significant inhibition in the presence of increasing concentrations of pazopanib, nilotinib, canertinib and erlotinib were observed for OATP-1B3 transporter.

Conclusions: Because selected TKIs are inhibitors of OATP-1B1 and -1B3 expressed in hepatic tissue, these compounds can be regarded as molecular targets for transporter-mediated DDIs. These findings provide the basis for further preclinical and clinical studies investigating the transporter-based DDI potential of TKIs.
Long-Term Effects of Tobacco Prices Faced by Adolescents
Authors: Auld M. Christopher , Zarrabi Mahmood 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Tobacco taxes in Canada varied markedly across time and across regions in the early 1990s. We exploit this variation to estimate the long reach of prices faced in adolescence on smoking behavior roughly a decade later in early to mid-adulthood. Results from a variety of econometric approaches suggest that there is a small but detectable long-run effect of price faced during adolescence. A 10% increase in prices faced during adolescence, holding contemporaneous prices constant, leads to roughly a 1% reduction in adult smoking propensity and intensity. The results are somewhat sensitive to specification and to how price during adolescence is measured.
The Value of Delaying Alzheimer’s Disease Onset
Authors: Zissimopoulos Julie , Crimmins Eileen , St.Clair Patricia 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) extracts a heavy societal toll. The value of medical advances that delay onset of AD could be significant. Using data from nationally representative samples from the Health and Retirement Study (1998–2008) and Aging Demographics and Memory Study (2001–2009), we estimate the prevalence and incidence of AD and the formal and informal health care costs associated with it. We use microsimulation to project future prevalence and costs of AD under different treatment scenarios. We find from 2010 to 2050, the number of individuals ages 70+ with AD increases 153%, from 3.6 to 9.1 million, and annual costs increase from $307 billion ($181B formal, $126B informal costs) to $1.5 trillion. 2010 annual per person costs were $71,303 and double by 2050. Medicare and Medicaid are paying 75% of formal costs. Medical advances that delay onset of AD for 5 years result in 41% lower prevalence and 40% lower cost of AD in 2050. For one cohort of older individuals, who would go on to acquire AD, a 5-year delay leads to 2.7 additional life years (about 5 AD-free), slightly higher formal care costs due to longer life but lower informal care costs for a total value of $511,208 per person. We find Medical advances delaying onset of AD generate significant economic and longevity benefits. The findings inform clinicians, policymakers, businesses and the public about the value of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of AD.
Study on the residual lignin in Eucalyptus globulus sulphite pulp
Authors: Magina Sandra , Marques Ana P. , Evtuguin Dmitry V. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The residual lignin (LR sample) was isolated from unbleached acid sulphite pulp from Eucalyptus globulus with kappa number 18.2 by acidolysis and structurally characterized by wet chemistry and NMR techniques. The main structural features of LR were compared with lignin isolated from sulphite spent liquor (LSSL sample) and dioxane lignin (DL sample) from eucalypt wood. LR contains less sulphonic groups (4.4%) compared to LSSL (11.3%), and its molecular weight (2200 Da) is very close to that of DL (2600 Da). A part of sulphonic groups is located at the benzylic carbon in β-O-4′ and β-5′ structures. LR revealed ca. 20% lower abundance of β-O-4′ structures than DL, but ca. 40% higher abundance of these structures than LSSL. The degree of condensation of LR was higher than that of DL but lower than that of LSSL. The condensed structures in LR mainly originate from C6-linked syringyl units. The structural peculiarities of LR consisted of the relatively high proportion of syringyl units compared to DL and the strong structural association with hemicelluloses via benzyl ether linkages. The differences in the structure of residual lignins from eucalypt sulphite and kraft pulps have been discussed.
The Ni-Al-Zr Multiphase Diffusion Simulations
Authors: Wierzba Bartek , Romanowska Jolanta , Zagula-Yavorska Maryana , Markowski Janusz , Sieniawski Jan 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe generalized Darken method allows a quantitative description of diffusion mass transport in multi-phase materials. The method characterizes the diffusion zone by phase volume fractions. The results of the calculations are compared with experimental concentration’s profiles of nickel, zirconium and aluminum in zirconium doped aluminide coatings deposited on pure nickel by the PVD and CVD methods.
Future orientation: a construct with implications for adolescent health and wellbeing
Authors: Johnson Sarah R. Lindstrom , Blum Robert W. , Cheng Tina L. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Multidisciplinary research has supported a relationship between adolescent future orientation (the ability to set future goals and plans) and positive adolescent health and development outcomes. Many preventive strategies – for example, contracepting, exercising – are based on taking actions in the present to avoid unwanted or negative future consequences. However, research has been hampered by unclear and often divergent conceptualizations of the future orientation construct. The present paper aims to integrate previous conceptual and operational definitions into a conceptual framework that can inform programs and services for youth and efforts to evaluate future orientation as a target for intervention. Recommendations focus on furthering the study of the construct through measurement synthesis as well as studies of the normative development of future orientation. Also suggested is the need to pair environmental intervention strategies with individual level efforts to improve future orientation in order to maximize benefits.
The variance of lexical diversity profiles and its relationship to learning style
Authors: Booth Paul 
Published: November 2014

AbstractStudies in lexical diversity have shown an approximate relationship with learner instruction. Learners with more L2 instruction tend to display less repetition of words and so greater lexical diversity. However, at higher L2 levels of proficiency this relationship does not always occur. This study examines the lexical diversity scores in L2 texts. Lexical diversity scores are examined in relationship to a learning style framework of memory and analysis. The results show that variance in analytic ability scores can account for a proportion of variance in lexical diversity. It was also found that the type of writing task also affects lexical diversity. These results suggest that learners who are more grammatically able may be more likely to restructure their language. The findings illuminate Dynamic Systems Theory; in particular, how lexical diversity is shaped to some extent by differences within individuals and task conditions.
Learner background factors and learning of second language pragmatics
Authors: Roever Carsten , Wang Stanley , Brophy Stephanie 
Published: November 2014

AbstractLearner background factors have been shown to affect learning of L2 pragmatics, which has been demonstrated especially for proficiency and length of residence. However, these factors have generally been investigated individually, not allowing conclusions as to their relative contributions. In this study, we use Poisson regression to investigate the effect of proficiency, length of residence, gender and multilingualism on learners' comprehension of implicature, recognition of routine formulae and production of speech acts in English. 229 ESL and EFL learners completed a web-based pragmatics test with 12 items per section. We found that only proficiency significantly affected implicature comprehension, length of residence and proficiency were significant factors in the recognition of routine formulae, and proficiency and gender significantly impacted speech act production. Although the effect of proficiency in our study is far greater than for any other background factor, we caution against overemphasizing its importance to learning of pragmatics overall.
Stylizing Dialects and Restructuring the Nation of Nepal in Stand-Up Comedy
Authors: Sharma Bal Krishna 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis study presents an analysis of a Nepali comedian’s dialect stylization in a stand-up comedy show performed for the diasporic Nepali community in Bochum, Germany. The analysis shows that through creative deployment of diverse linguistic practices of Nepali speakers, the comedian, Manoj Gajurel, engages in important identity work both in the narrating and in the narrated world of the comedy act. In the narrating world, he discursively constructs a shared identity with the audience as “we Nepalis” who are comfortable in celebrating – but also finding humor in – the linguistic diversity in Nepal. Drawing on contemporary political discourse in Nepal, they imagine a new federal Nepal through Gajurel’s stylization and the audience’s affiliative responses respectively. In the narrated world, the comedian constructs various stereotypical identities of Nepali dialect speakers using multiple speaker footings and revoicings. Although the accuracy of representation can be contested, stylized performances such as this give a symbolic and material value to the traditionally denigrated dialects and serve as a resource for language users to construct and represent a different range of identities in the age of late modernity.
Zur Entstehung einiger Verweise auf Spinoza in Nietzsches Schriften anhand der Quellen und des Heftes M III 1
Authors: Scandella Maurizio 
Published: November 2014

ZusammenfassungDieser Beitrag soll zur Forschung über Nietzsches Quellen zu Spinoza beitragen, indem er erstens einige Annahmen Adolf Schöll betreffend vorstellt. Zweitens wird die Vermutung entwickelt, dass einige Verweise auf Spinoza von 1884-1885 auf dem Heft M III 1 (1881) beruhen. Drittens werden Hypothesen zur Quelle der Formel „Inconsequenz Spinoza’s“ in JGB 13 erörtert, einerseits von Andreas Rupschus und Werner Stegmaier (Trendelenburg), andererseits von Andreas Urs Sommer (Guya u, Falckenberg). Im Anschluss daran werden unter Bezug auf M III 1 und Afrikan Spir eigene Annahmen zur Lösung dieser Frage vorgebracht.
Naturally derived and synthetic polymers as biomimetic enhancers of silicic acid solubility in (bio)silicification processes
Authors: Demadis Konstantinos D. , Preari Melina , Antonakaki Ioanna 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Numerous publications report the existence of intracellular “Si” storage pools in diatoms representing intracellular concentrations of ca. 19–340 mM depending on the species. “Si” storage pools in diatom cells, if present, are supposed to accumulate “Si” for the production of new valves. The accumulated “Si” is then transported into the silicon deposition vesicle (SDV) where the new cell wall is synthesized. Interestingly, the reported concentrations of intracellular “Si” within the storage pool sometimes strongly exceed the solubility of monosilicic acid (ca. 2 mM pH <9). Various types of “Si” storage pools are discussed in the literature. It is usually assumed that “Si” species are stabilized by the association with some kind of organic material such as special proteins, thus forming a soluble silicic acid pools inside the cells. In an effort to mimic the above phenomenon, we have used a variety of neutral or cationic polymers that stabilize two soluble forms of “Si,” silicic and disilicic acids. These polymers include amine-terminated dendrimers, amine-containing linear polymers (with primary, secondary or tertiary amines), organic ammonium polymers, polyethylene glycol (PEG) neutral polymers, co-polymers (containing neutral and cationic parts) and phosphonium end-grafted PEG polymers. All the aforementioned polymeric entities affect the rate of silicic acid polycondensation and also the silica particle growth. Synergistic combinations of cationic and anionic polymers create in situ supramolecular assemblies that can also affect the condensation of silicic acid. Possible mechanisms for their effect on the condensation reaction are presented, with an eye towards their relevance to the “Si pools,” from a bioinspired/biomimetic point of view.
Effect of polymer support functionalization on enzyme immobilization and catalytic activity
Authors: Parvulescu Viorica , Popa Adriana , Paun Gabriela , Ene Ramona , Davidescu Corneliu-Mircea , Ilia Gheorghe 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Two enzymes, laccase and peroxidase, were immobilized on chloromethylated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymers supports functionalized with phosphonates ((RO)2PO) or mixed ammonium and phosphonium groups (N+R3Cl–, P+Ph3Cl–). Phosphonates groups and quaternary ammonium salts were grafted on the “gel-type” copolymer by Michaelis–Becker polymer analogue reaction. Mixed polymer-supported ammonium and phosphonium salts were obtained by transquaternization of the ammonium groups to phosphonium group. The degrees of functionalization for obtained polymers were relatively high ensuring a sufficient concentration of active centers per unit mass of the copolymer. The obtained materials were characterized by thermal analysis, FTIR spectroscopy and SEM microscopy. The effects of OR1 and R2 radicals from phosphonate and respectively ammonium groups, as well as those of glutaraldehyde utilization on the immobilization yield and the catalytic properties of the supported enzymes were indicated. The activity of enzymes increased after immobilization and high immobilization yield was obtained for all the samples. The higher interaction of enzymes with support was indicated for mixed ammonium and phosphonium functions. A higher catalytic activity was obtained for peroxidase in oxidation of phenol and laccase in oxidation of anisole. The low effect of glutaraldehyde on enzyme activity reveals the strong interaction of enzyme with the polymer support, respectively with the functional groups.
Generalized binomial distribution in photon statistics
Authors: Ilyin Aleksey 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The photon-number distribution between two parts of a given volume is found for an arbitrary photon statistics. This problem is related to the interaction of a light beam with a macroscopic device, for example a diaphragm, that separates the photon flux into two parts with known probabilities. To solve this problem, a Generalized Binomial Distribution (GBD) is derived that is applicable to an arbitrary photon statistics satisfying probability convolution equations. It is shown that if photons obey Poisson statistics then the GBD is reduced to the ordinary binomial distribution, whereas in the case of Bose- Einstein statistics the GBD is reduced to the Polya distribution. In this case, the photon spatial distribution depends on the phase-space volume occupied by the photons. This result involves a photon bunching effect, or collective behavior of photons that sharply differs from the behavior of classical particles. It is shown that the photon bunching effect looks similar to the quantum interference effect.