bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Functional Recovery in the Very Early Period After Surgery Between Plate and Nail Fixation for Correction of Stable Femoral Intertrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Yamauchi Koun , Fushimi Kazunari , Shirai Goshi , Fukuta Masashi 
Published: April 2014

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the differences in functional recovery between patients undergoing plate and nail fixation in the very early period after surgery. Method: This study was designed as a controlled clinical trial that included 18 patients who were surgically treated with either dynamic hip screw as plate fixation or proximal femoral nail as nail fixation for stable intertrochanteric fractures. In particular, all patients selected for the study reported walking completely independently without the use of walking aids prior to sustaining their initial fracture. In all, 8 patients (mean age, 73.8 years; range, 65-89 years) were treated with plate fixation (group plate) and 10 patients (mean age, 79.7 years; range, 70-90 years) were treated with nail fixation (group nail). Functional evaluations were assessed every week after surgery using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) hip functional scores and active range of motion (ROM) of the hip joint. Results: The recovery of activities of daily living (ADLs) according to JOA hip functional scores at week 4 after surgery was significantly better in group nail than in group plate ( P = .03), whereas active ROM of hip flexion improved significantly in group plate than in group nail at weeks 3 and 4 after surgery ( P = .04 and P = .02, respectively). Conclusions: The results suggested that nail fixation may provide a more rapid recovery of ADLs than that of plate fixation in the very early period after surgery. However, plate fixation may provide better ROM of hip flexion than that of nail fixation.
Changing the Consultant On Calls From a Daily to Weekly Rotation System Reduces Time to Theater for Patients With Hip Fracture to Improve Quality of Care
Authors: Kommer Maya , Gokaraju Kishan , Singh Sameer 
Published: April 2014

Objective: To determine whether changing the consultant on-call schedule resulted in a reduction in time to theater for patients presenting with a hip fracture. Summary Background Data: Guidelines in the United Kingdom state that patients presenting with a neck of femur fracture should ideally be operated on the day of or the day after admission. However, there is a best practice tariff in the United Kingdom persuading trusts to operate on elderly patients with hip fracture within 36 hours of admission. Differing formats of daily trauma operating lists and varying consultant on-call schedules have the potential to affect a trusts ability to successfully meet such demands. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed whether changing the on-call schedule from a system where the on-call consultant is changed on a daily basis to one which changes weekly resulted in a reduction in time to theater for such patients and an increase in best practice tariffs paid. Results: With the initial rotation system, the average time to theater for a fractured neck of femur was 44 hours 46 minutes, with 44.7% of patients having a time to surgery of less than 36 hours. Patients in the modified system underwent surgery with an average time to theater of 32 hours 19 minutes. In 71.7% of these patients, time to surgery was less than 36 hours. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that changing the schedule to permit a consultant to have a 7-day period of trauma on call at a time instead of only 1 day dramatically reduced the time to theater for patients with hip fracture. This significantly reduced the number of these cases done outside 36 hours and increased trust financial reward.
Clinico-epidemiological study of Schistosomiasis mansoni in Waja-Timuga, District of Alamata, northern Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Nigus , Erko Berhanu , Medhin Girmay , Berhe Nega 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Intestinal schistosomiasis, caused by digenetic trematodes of the genus Schistosoma, is the most prevalent water related disease that causes considerable morbidity and mortality. Although prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection has been reported for the present study area, earlier studies have not estimated intensity of infections in relation to periportal fibrosis, which would have been crucial for epidemiological and clinical evaluations. Hence, a community based cross sectional study was conducted from December 2011 to March 2012 to assess prevalence of infection and schistosomal periportal fibrosis in Waja-Timuga, northern Ethiopia.

Methods
In a cross sectional study involving 371 randomly selected individuals, fresh stool samples were collected and processed by the Kato-Katz method and examined microscopically. Ultrasonography was used to determine status of schistosomal periportal fibrosis and to detect hepatomegaly and/or splenomegaly. Serum was collected for assay of hepatic activity. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 11 statistical soft ware. P-value <0.05 was reported as statistically significant.

Results
The prevalence of S.mansoni infection was 73.9%, while the prevalence of schistosomal periportal fibrosis was 12.3% and mean intensity of infection was 234 eggs per gram of stool. Peak prevalence and intensity of S.mansoni infection was documented in the age range of 10–20 years. Among the study individuals, hepatomegaly was recorded in 3.7% and splenomegaly was recorded in 7.4% of the study individuals. Similarly, among the study individuals who had definite periportal fibrosis, 5.9% had elevated liver enzyme levels.

Conclusion
The high prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infection and schistosomal periportal fibrosis observed in the study area calls for a periodic deworming program to reduce disease, morbidity and transmission. Preventive chemotherapy complemented with other control measures is highly required for sustainable control of schistosomiasis in the study area.
Role of cyberinfrastructure in educating the next generation of computational materials scientists
Authors: Sinnott Susan B , Phillpot Simon R 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAn overview of cyberinfrastructures developed to advance the field of materials modeling is presented. The role of cyberinfrastructures in educating the next generation of the workforce is also discussed, with an emphasis on the Cyberinfrastructure for Atomistic Simulation (CAMS). The paper concludes with a summary regarding the future outlook of cyberinfrastructures, especially with regard to education.
Does stigma impair prevention of mental disorders?
Authors: Rüsch Nicolas , Thornicroft Graham 
Published: April 2014

SummaryPrevention of mental disorders can be effective, but is rarely implemented in routine settings. Here we propose a matrix to show how different aspects of stigma, discrimination and lack of knowledge can hinder different types of prevention, including early intervention. Programmes to reduce stigma's impact and so to facilitate prevention are needed.
Unheard voices: outcomes of tertiary care for treatment-refractory psychosis
Authors: Sarkar S. Neil , Tracy Derek K. , Fernandez Maria-Jesus Mateos , Nalesnik Natasza , Dhillon Gurbinder , Onwumere Juliana , Prins Anne-Marye , Schepman Karen , Collier Tracy , White Thomas P. , Patel Anita , Gaughran Fiona , Shergill Sukhwinder S. 
Published: April 2014

Aims and methodIn up to a quarter of patients, schizophrenia is resistant to standard treatments. We undertook a naturalistic study of 153 patients treated in the tertiary referral in-patient unit of the National Psychosis Service based at the Maudsley Hospital in London. A retrospective analysis of symptoms on admission and discharge was undertaken using the OPCRIT tool, along with preliminary economic modelling of potential costs related to changes in accommodation.ResultsIn-patient treatment demonstrated statistically significant improvements in all symptom categories in patients already identified as having schizophrenia refractory to standard secondary care. The preliminary cost analysis showed net savings to referring authorities due to changes from pre- to post-discharge accommodation.Clinical implicationsDespite the enormous clinical, personal and societal burden of refractory psychotic illnesses, there is insufficient information on the outcomes of specialised tertiary-level care. Our pilot data support its utility in all domains measured.
Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind, Cross-Over Trial Assessing Treatment Preference for Pazopanib Versus Sunitinib in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: PISCES Study
Authors: Escudier Bernard , Porta Camillo , Bono Petri , Powles Thomas , Eisen Tim , Sternberg Cora N. , Gschwend Jürgen E. , De Giorgi Ugo , Parikh Omi , Hawkins Robert , Sevin Emmanuel , Négrier Sylvie , Khan Sadya , Diaz Jose , Redhu Suman , Mehmud Faisal , Cella David 
Published: April 2014

Purpose Patient-reported outcomes may help inform treatment choice in advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), particularly between approved targeted therapies with similar efficacy. This double-blind cross-over study evaluated patient preference for pazopanib or sunitinib and the influence of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and safety factors on their stated preference. Patients and Methods Patients with metastatic RCC were randomly assigned to pazopanib 800 mg per day for 10 weeks, a 2-week washout, and then sunitinib 50 mg per day (4 weeks on, 2 weeks off, 4 weeks on) for 10 weeks, or the reverse sequence. The primary end point, patient preference for a specific treatment, was assessed by questionnaire at the end of the two treatment periods. Other end points and analyses included reasons for preference, physician preference, safety, and HRQoL. Results Of 169 randomly assigned patients, 114 met the following prespecified modified intent-to-treat criteria for the primary analysis: exposure to both treatments, no disease progression before cross over, and completion of the preference questionnaire. Significantly more patients preferred pazopanib (70%) over sunitinib (22%); 8% expressed no preference (P < .001). All preplanned sensitivity analyses, including the intent-to-treat population, statistically favored pazopanib. Less fatigue and better overall quality of life were the main reasons for preferring pazopanib, with less diarrhea being the most cited reason for preferring sunitinib. Physicians also preferred pazopanib (61%) over sunitinib (22%); 17% expressed no preference. Adverse events were consistent with each drug's known profile. Pazopanib was superior to sunitinib in HRQoL measures evaluating fatigue, hand/foot soreness, and mouth/throat soreness. Conclusion This innovative cross-over trial demonstrated a significant patient preference for pazopanib over sunitinib, with HRQoL and safety as key influencing factors.
A randomised, controlled trial of circumpatellar electrocautery in total knee replacement without patellar resurfacing
Authors: van Jonbergen H. P. W. , Scholtes V. A. B. , Poolman R. W. 
Published: April 2014

In the absence of patellar resurfacing, we have previously shown that the use of electrocautery around the margin of the patella improved the one-year clinical outcome of total knee replacement (TKR). In this prospective randomised study we compared the mean 3.7 year (1.1 to 4.2) clinical outcomes of 300 TKRs performed with and without electrocautery of the patellar rim: this is an update of a previous report. The overall prevalence of anterior knee pain was 32% (95% confidence intervals [CI] 26 to 39), and 26% (95% CI 18 to 35) in the intervention group compared with 38% (95% CI 29 to 48) in the control group (chi-squared test; p = 0.06). The overall prevalence of anterior knee pain remained unchanged between the one-year and 3.7 year follow-up (chi-squared test; p = 0.12). The mean total Western Ontario McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis Indices and the American Knee Society knee and function scores at 3.7 years’ follow-up were similar in the intervention and control groups (repeated measures analysis of variance p = 0.43, p = 0.09 and p = 0.59, respectively). There were no complications. A total of ten patients (intervention group three, control group seven) required secondary patellar resurfacing after the first year.Our study suggests that the improved clinical outcome with electrocautery denervation compared with no electrocautery is not maintained at a mean of 3.7 years’ follow-up.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:473–8.
Non-surgical functional treatment for displaced olecranon fractures in the elderly
Authors: Gallucci G. L. , Piuzzi N. S. , Slullitel P. A. I. , Boretto J. G. , Alfie V. A. , Donndorff A. , De Carli P. 
Published: April 2014

We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and radiological outcomes of a consecutive cohort of patients aged > 70 years with a displaced fracture of the olecranon, which was treated non-operatively with early mobilisation. We identified 28 such patients (27 women) with a mean age of 82 years (71 to 91). The elbow was initially immobilised in an above elbow cast in 90° of flexion of the elbow for a mean of five days. The cast was then replaced by a sling. Active mobilisation was encouraged as tolerated. No formal rehabilitation was undertaken. At a mean follow-up of 16 months (12 to 26), the mean ranges of flexion and extension were 140° and 15° respectively. On a visual analogue scale of 1 (no pain) to 10, the mean pain score was 1 (0 to 8). Of the original 28 patients 22 developed nonunion, but no patients required surgical treatment. We conclude that non-operative functional treatment of displaced olecranon fractures in the elderly gives good results and a high rate of satisfaction. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:530–4.
A Convex Optimization Approach in Drive Train Anti-Jerk Control with Measurements of Uncertain Delay
Authors: Yeap Khang Zhun , Müller Steffen , Rauh Jochen 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This article presents a convex optimization approach in the synthesis of H
2 delay independent observer-based controller for the control of linear systems with uncertain delay in measurements. The motivation for this technique is highlighted by the sensitivity of stability of the conventional linear quadratic regulator (LQR) against such delay in the example of drive train anti-jerk control in vehicles with electric single-wheel drives. The stability constraint for this approach guaranteeing the asymptotic stability of the closed loop system is derived from Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and then specified in terms of LMIs. The related H
2 performance is achieved by minimizing a chosen quadratic cost functional which is convex in matrix variables associated with LMIs. An observer-based controller which guarantees asymptotic stability and H
2 performance is developed and its effectiveness is demonstrated in the active damping control of drive train oscillation.
Anwendung der Variationsrechnung für Steuerungsaufgaben im Kraftfahrzeug
Authors: Uebel Stephan , Tempelhahn Conny , Liebers Mike , Kutter Steffen , Bäker Bernard 
Published: April 2014

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag gibt einen kompakten Überblick über bereits veröffentlichte Methoden der Variationsrechnung für Steuerungsaufgaben
im Kraftfahrzeug. Dabei steht die Anwendung dieser Methoden an einem allgemeinen Beispiel im Vordergrund. So wird die Dynamische Optimierung nach Bellman für das optimale Energiemanagement eines Parallelhybridfahrzeugs und für die Geschwindigkeitsoptimierung eines konventionellen Fahrzeugs erläutert. Zusätzlich wird ein Ansatz für eine vorausschauende Betriebsstrategie für Hybridfahrzeuge basierend auf dem Pontrjaginschen Maximumprinzip vorgestellt, welche auf einem Steuergerät lauffähig ist.
Reactions of nitroxides XIV. Analogs of phenoxy carboxylic herbicides based on the piperidine scaffold; unexpected fungicidal activity of the 2-[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]butanoic acid
Authors: Zakrzewski Jerzy , Krawczyk Maria 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Alkanoic acid derivatives bearing a nitroxyl moiety 3a–e were synthesized from 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (1) and the corresponding 2-bromoalkane carboxylic acids 2a–e. The herbicidal and antifungal activity of 3a–e was tested. No herbicidal activity of the tested compounds was found. The 2-[(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]butanoic acid 3c revealed a strong antifungal activity against the pathogenic fungus Phytophthora cactorum.
A simple approach to fused pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines incorporating khellinone and trimethoxyphenyl moieties as new scaffolds for antibacterial and antifungal agents
Authors: Abu-Zied Khadiga M. , Mohamed Tahia K. , Al-Duiaj Omar K. , Zaki Magdi E.A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
2-Amino-3-cyanopyridine is a simple precursor for the synthesis of analogues of Egyptian natural products visnagin and khellin. Fused pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines were prepared under mild reaction conditions. The detailed syntheses and spectroscopic data of the synthesised compounds are reported. Some isolated compounds show antibacterial and antifungal activity.
Synthesis of novel 7-(heteryl/aryl)chromones via Suzuki coupling reaction
Authors: Anitha Naredla , Reddy K. Venugopal , Rao Y. Jayaprakash 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A series of new 7-heteroaryl and arylchromones 6a–l were synthesized in moderate to good yields by the Suzuki reaction of the triflate (pseudo halide) 5 and a variety of heteroaryl and aryl boronic acids. The resulting products may be used as precursors for synthesis of potentially relevant compounds. The structures of all synthesized compounds were established based on IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and DIPMS.
Enhanced Petri Net: elucidating the pathway-level mechanism of targeted-therapy drugs
Authors: Jin Guangxu , Wong Stephen T. C. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Characterizing the dynamics of cellular signaling pathways with external simuli or drug treatment is critical for the understanding of mechanisms of cellular behavors. Petri Net, as a non-parametric approach, has been widely used for studying dynamics of a large scale of signaling network only based on the connections (interactions) within this network. In this article, we will describe an extension of the Petri net methods, called Enhanced Petri Net (EPN), specifcally designed for analyzing and modeling the dynamics of signaling pathways in order to predict the unknown signaling mechanisms of targeted-therapy drugs.
Nichtinvasives, laseroptisches Messsystem zur hochaufgelösten Vermessung von Strömungsfeldern und Volumenkräften
Authors: Neumann Mathias , Friedrich Christian , Kriegseis Jochen , Grundmann Sven , Czarske Jürgen 
Published: April 2014

Zusammenfassung
Um den Treibstoffverbrauch von Flugzeugturbinen künftig zu reduzieren,
sollen neuartige Plasma-Aktoren integriert werden, um durch
Strömungsbeeinflussung den Wirkungsgrad der Turbinen signifikant zu
steigern. Jedoch ist die genaue Wirkungsweise derartiger
Plasma-Aktoren noch nicht hinreichend verstanden. Um diese
Fragestellung zu beantworten wurde ein laserbasiertes Messsystem für
die berührungslose, optische Kraftmessung realisiert und
eingesetzt. Mit dessen Hilfe konnten weltweit erstmalig die von einem
Plasma-Aktor erzeugten Volumenkräfte im Fluid mit einer Zeitauflösung
von ca. 7 μs erfasst werden. Die vom Aktor erzeugte,
horizontale Gesamtkraft lag dabei bei
F

x
/L̅ ≈ 17 mN/m, was zur
Generierung einer wandparallele Strömung mit einer maximalen
Geschwindigkeit von
6.16 m/s führte. Die gewonnen Messergebnisse stellen einen
entscheidenden Schritt auf dem Weg zur Optimierung von Plasma-Aktoren
und deren Einsatz in Turbinen dar.
Nietzsche’s Judgement: The Case of Morality in Arun Joshi’s The Apprentice
Authors: Kumar Niven 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Friedrich Nietzsche’s re-evaluation of values calls for a dismantling of the normative conceptions of selfhood, shattering notions of identity predicated upon moral constructions of good and evil. Nietzsche argues that such constructions stem from a moral topology that prevents the development of a more salient grammar of ‘being.’ Modernist fiction is underpinned by this Nietzschean sensibility, interrogating the linguistic and epistemological barriers to existential freedom. While Arun Joshi’s The Apprentice has been read by many as an exploration of the ‘ethical problem of good and evil,’ this paper will argue that Joshi’s text goes beyond a mere examination of this often simplistic moral binary. Rather, the novel can be seen to be in dialogue with Nietzsche’s proposition that morality has no place in a modern capitalist system. The formation of self as a series of competing dichotomies is no longer tenable in the face of a system that precludes any moral injunction or ballast. Instead, Joshi’s protagonist becomes a derelict, one who only perpetuates, in a Sisyphusian penance, the system’s Nietzschean ressentiment, and its subscription to what Nietzsche terms a slave morality. This paper, then, contends that Joshi’s novel calls for a reconfiguration of the traditional moral matrices of self-definition, highlighting the need for a new moral episteme in the face of a disinterested capitalistic regime.
The Transcultural Bildungsroman: Education, Migration and the Construction of Masculinities in Arun Joshi’s The Foreigner (1968) and Thomas Mann’s The Magic Mountain (1924)
Authors: Helff Sissy 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This essay offers a comparative analysis of Arun Joshi’s The Foreigner and Thomas Mann’s The Magic Mountain. Both novels present acclaimed novels of formation negotiating masculinity alongside experiences of diaspora and exile. It will be argued that comparing the two novels makes a worthwhile contribution to the genre discussion of the bildungsroman because it illuminates hitherto unexplored narrative connections between Indian literature and German exile literature. While at first sight the celebrated Indo-English novelist Arun Joshi and the German Literature Nobel Prize laureate Thomas Mann have only little in common, a closer look reveals that the two writers not only shared the experience of living in-between various countries, continents and languages but that both men were deeply concerned with imagining and narrating the agony of loneliness and alienation in an increasingly globalised world. Like Mann’s Hans Castorp, Joshi’s protagonist Sindi Oberoi grows up orphaned and spending his youth abroad. Whilst the two male protagonists have a professional background in engineering, their attempts to engineer their own lives get somewhat out of control when they engage in morbid love affairs. As if this was not enough, and like ‘true’ companions in fate, Hans and Sindi eventually have to come to terms with the deaths of their bosom-friends. Decay and death are thus central motifs in both novels. This is not only reflected in the vibrant representations of numerous places but is vividly displayed in the young protagonists’ detached views of life. Yet despite these similarities, the novels are also marked by differences in the way they construct and narrate masculinity, sexuality and transcultural existentialist identity formation. Hence, the emerging narrative panorama of the genre of the transcultural bildungsroman includes, in addition to a postcolonial and transcultural existentialist version, a homoerotic parody of the genre.