bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negative socioeconomic changes and mental disorders: a longitudinal study
Authors: Barbaglia María Gabriela , Have Margreet ten , Dorsselaer Saskia , Alonso Jordi , de Graaf Ron 
Published: September 2014

BackgroundThere is increasing interest on whether the current global economic uncertainties have an influence on the population's mental health. In this paper, we examined the association of negative socioeconomic changes, job loss and household income reductions with incident mental disorders. The moderating effect of gender was assessed.MethodsData come from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study-2 (NEMESIS-2), a representative population-based, longitudinal study. Individuals with a paid job and without a 12-month mental disorder at baseline were selected and reassessed 3 years later (2007–2009/2010–2012). Substantial household income reductions and not being at a paid job anymore were self-reported at follow-up. Multivariate logistic models were utilised to investigate the association between these negative socioeconomic changes and the incidence of mood, anxiety and substance use Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV disorders assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0.ResultsAfter 3 years, 6% had lost their job, 11% had a substantial household income reduction and 12.2% had developed a mental disorder. Household income reductions increased the risk of any mental disorder (aOR=1.77), particularly the risk of mood (aOR=2.24). Job loss increased the risk of mood disorders (aOR=2.02). Gender modified the relationship: job loss increased the risk of any mental disorder among men (aOR=3.04) and household income reductions did so among women (aOR=2.32).ConclusionsNegative socioeconomic changes occurring within a short time period significantly increased the risk of incident mental disorders, particularly of mood disorders. Effective interventions to alleviate the public mental health impact of negative socioeconomic changes on men and women are needed.
Eocene partial melting recorded in peritectic garnets from kyanite-gneiss, Greater Himalayan Sequence, central Nepal
Authors: Carosi Rodolfo , Montomoli Chiara , Langone Antonio , Turina Alice , Cesare Bernardo , Iaccarino Salvatore , Fascioli Luca , Visonà Dario , Ronchi Ausonio , Rai Santa Man 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Anatectic melt inclusions (nanogranites and nanotonalites) have been found in garnet of kyanite-gneiss at the bottom of the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS) along the Kali Gandaki valley, central Nepal,
c.
1 km structurally above the Main Central Thrust (MCT).
In situ
U–Th–Pb dating of monazite included in garnets, in the same structural positions as melt inclusions, allowed us to constrain partial melting starting at
c.
41–36 Ma. Eocene partial melting occurred during prograde metamorphism in the kyanite stability field (Eo-Himalayan event). Sillimanite-bearing mylonitic foliation wraps around garnets showing a top-to-the-SW sense of shear linked to the MCT ductile activity and to the exhumation of the GHS. These findings highlight the occurrence of an older melting event in the GHS during prograde metamorphism in the kyanite stability field before the more diffuse Miocene melting event.

The growth of prograde garnet and kyanite at 41–6 Ma in the MCT zone, affecting the bottom of the GHS, suggests that inverted metamorphism in the MCT zone and folded isograds in the GHS should be carefully proved with the aid of geochronology, because not all Barrovian minerals grew during the same time span and they grew in different tectonic settings.
Petrological constraints of the ‘Channel Flow’ model in eastern Nepal
Authors: Rolfo F. , Groppo C. , Mosca P. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

The metamorphic architecture of eastern Nepalese Himalaya is characterized by a well-documented inverted metamorphic field gradient, with metamorphic grade increasing northward from lower (LHS) to higher (HHC) structural levels across the north-dipping Main Central Thrust Zone (MCTZ). Peak metamorphic conditions experienced by units at different structural levels have been investigated extensively, but their
P
–
T
–(
t
) evolution could be constrained better.

A synthesis of our recent petrological studies in eastern Nepal is based on selected geotraverses across the Dudh–Kosi, Arun, and Tamur tectonic windows, where the LHS is exposed beneath MCTZ and HHC. To define the entire
P
–
T
evolution experienced by lithotectonic units, detailed petrological investigations were focused on metapelites.
P
–
T
trajectories were constrained combining microstructural observations and isochemical phase diagrams modelling. The uniformity of the approach applied is a robust method to quantitatively compare the resulting
P
–
T
paths.

These
P
–
T
paths are compared with the petrological constraints inferred from the ‘Channel Flow’ model, one of the most popular paradigms to explain the tectonometamorphic evolution and the first-order geological features of the Himalaya. The overall geometries of our
P
–
T
paths match the results of the numerical model, suggesting that ‘Channel Flow’ is compatible, from a petrological viewpoint, as the main process operating during the exhumation of eastern Himalaya.
Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus in Cancer of the Oropharynx by Gender
Authors: Combes Jean-Damien , Chen Alyce A. , Franceschi Silvia 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is more frequent in men than women mainly due to the heavier and longer duration of smoking in men. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has a role in the rising incidence of OPC in the United States and other high-income countries. To determine whether there is a difference in the proportion of HPV-attributable OPC between men and women, we systematically retrieved HPV prevalence data from 63 studies reporting separately on OPC by gender. The male/female (M/F) ratios of HPV prevalence in OPC across different countries and the corresponding M/F ratios of cumulative lung cancer risk (a proxy for smoking) were compared. The United States had the highest M/F ratios of HPV prevalence in OPC (1.5). The lowest M/F ratios (≤0.7) were found in Asia and some European countries (e.g., France). The countries in which the M/F ratio of HPV prevalence in OPC was ≥1.0 had the most similar lung cancer risks for men and women. When HPV prevalence data were applied to age-standardized OPC incidence rates in the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom, and France, the M/F ratio for the HPV-positive OPC incidence rates was rather stable (around 4) in all countries. In contrast, the M/F ratio for the HPV-negative OPC incidence rates reached 10.2 in France versus &lt;3 elsewhere. We showed that HPV prevalence in OPC differs by gender and country mainly as a consequence of the vast international variation in male smoking habits. Nevertheless, HPV-positive OPC may affect men more heavily than women in different populations for reasons that are unclear. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2954–8. ©2014 AACR.
First FDA Approval of Neoadjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer: Pertuzumab for the Treatment of Patients with HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Amiri-Kordestani Laleh , Wedam Suparna , Zhang Lijun , Tang Shenghui , Tilley Amy , Ibrahim Amna , Justice Robert , Pazdur Richard , Cortazar Patricia 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
On September 30, 2013, the FDA granted accelerated approval to pertuzumab (Perjecta; Genentech, Inc.) for use in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel as neoadjuvant treatment of patients with HER2-positive, locally advanced, inflammatory, or early-stage breast cancer (either greater than 2 cm in diameter or node positive) as part of a complete treatment regimen for early breast cancer. The approval was based in part on a randomized multicenter trial in the indicated population that allocated 417 patients to neoadjuvant treatment with trastuzumab–docetaxel (TD), pertuzumab–trastuzumab–docetaxel (PTD), pertuzumab–trastuzumab, or pertuzumab–docetaxel. PTD was administered preoperatively every 3 weeks for four cycles. Following surgery patients received three cycles of 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide every 3 weeks and trastuzumab every 3 weeks to complete 1 year of therapy. The pathologic complete response rates by the FDA-preferred definition [absence of invasive cancer in the breast and lymph nodes (ypT0/is ypN0)] were 39.3% and 21.5% in the PTD and the TD arms, respectively (P = 0.0063). The most common adverse reactions with PTD were alopecia, diarrhea, nausea, and neutropenia. This approval was based on the totality of evidence, particularly improved survival in the metastatic breast cancer trial, and a fully accrued confirmatory trial. Clin Cancer Res; 20(21); 5359–64. ©2014 AACR.
Integrating Real-Time Clinical Information to Provide Estimates of Net Clinical Benefit of Antithrombotic Therapy for Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Eckman Mark H. , Wise Ruth E. , Speer Barbara , Sullivan Megan , Walker Nita , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Kissela Brett , Flaherty Matthew L. , Kleindorfer Dawn , Khan Faisal , Kues John , Baker Peter , Ireton Robert , Hoskins Dave , Harnett Brett M. , Aguilar Carlos , Leonard Anthony , Prakash Rajan , Arduser Lora , Costea Alexandru 
Published: September 2014

Background—

Guidelines for anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation are based on stroke risk as calculated by either the CHADS
2
or the CHA
2
DS
2
VASc scores and do not integrate bleeding risk in an explicit, quantitative manner. Our objective was to quantify the net clinical benefit resulting from improved decision making about antithrombotic therapy.

Methods and Results—
This study is a retrospective cohort study of 1876 adults with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or flutter seen in primary care settings of an integrated healthcare delivery system between December 2012 and January 2014. Projections for quality-adjusted life expectancy reported as quality-adjusted life-years were calculated by a decision analytic model that integrates patient-specific risk factors for stroke and hemorrhage and examines strategies of no antithrombotic therapy, aspirin, or oral anticoagulation with warfarin. Net clinical benefit was defined by the gain or loss in quality-adjusted life expectancy between current treatment and treatment recommended by an Atrial Fibrillation Decision Support Tool. Current treatment was discordant from treatment recommended by the Atrial Fibrillation Decision Support Tool in 931 patients. A clinically significant gain in quality-adjusted life expectancy (defined as ≥0.1 quality-adjusted life-years) was projected in 832 patients. Subgroups were examined. For example, oral anticoagulant therapy was recommended for 188 who currently were receiving no antithrombotic therapy. For the entire cohort, a total of 736 quality-adjusted life-years could be gained were treatment changed to that recommended by the Atrial Fibrillation Decision Support Tool.

Conclusions—
Use of a decision support tool that integrates patient-specific stroke and bleeding risk could result in significant gains in quality-adjusted life expectancy for a primary care population of patients with atrial fibrillation.
Long-Term Outcomes of Inoperable Patients With Aortic Stenosis Randomly Assigned to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement or Standard Therapy
Authors: Kapadia Samir R. , Tuzcu E. Murat , Makkar Raj R. , Svensson Lars G. , Agarwal Shikhar , Kodali Susheel , Fontana Gregory P. , Webb John G. , Mack Michael , Thourani Vinod H. , Babaliaros Vasilis C. , Herrmann Howard C. , Szeto Wilson , Pichard Augusto D. , Williams Mathew R. , Anderson William N. , Akin Jodi J. , Miller D. Craig , Smith Craig R. , Leon Martin B. 
Published: September 2014

Background—
The long-term outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in inoperable patients with severe aortic stenosis remain unknown.

Methods and Results—

In the Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves (PARTNER) study, 358 patients were randomly assigned to TAVR or standard therapy. We report the 3-year outcomes on these patients, and the pooled outcomes for all randomly assigned inoperable patients (n=449) in PARTNER, as well, including the randomized portion of the continued access study (n=91). The 3-year mortality rate in the TAVR and standard therapy groups was 54.1% and 80.9%, respectively (
P
<0.001; hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.41–0.68;
P
<0.001). In survivors, there was significant improvement in New York Heart Association functional class sustained at 3 years. The cumulative incidence of strokes at 3-year follow-up was 15.7% in TAVR patients versus 5.5% in patients undergoing standard therapy (hazard ratio, 2.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.26–6.26;
P
=0.012); however, the composite of death or strokes was significantly lower after TAVR versus standard therapy (57.4% versus 80.9%,
P
<0.001;

hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.46–0.77;
P
<0.001). Echocardiography showed a sustained increase in aortic valve area and decrease in transvalvular gradient after TAVR. Analysis of the 449 pooled randomly assigned patients (TAVR, n=220; standard therapy, n=229) demonstrated significant improvement in all-cause mortality and functional status during early and 3-year follow-up. The results of the pooled cohort were similar to the results obtained from the pivotal PARTNER trial.

Conclusions—
TAVR resulted in better survival and functional status in inoperable patients with severe aortic stenosis with durable hemodynamic benefit on long-term follow-up. However, high residual mortality, even in successfully treated TAVR patients, highlights the need for more strategic patient selection.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00530894.
Clinical Profile and Influences on Outcomes in Patients Hospitalized for Acute Pericarditis
Authors: Kytö Ville , Sipilä Jussi , Rautava Päivi 
Published: September 2014

Background—
The clinical profile with regard to sex and the influences on outcomes in patients who have been hospitalized for acute pericarditis is largely uncharacterized.

Methods and Results—

We studied all patients aged ≥16 years admitted to the hospital because of acute pericarditis (postpericardiotomy and myocardial infarction associated pericarditis were excluded). Data were collected from a Finnish national registry that included data on all cardiovascular admissions (670 409) during 9.5 years in 29 hospitals nationwide. During the study period, there were 1361 admissions for acute pericarditis. Pericarditis patients were more likely to be male (64.9% of patients) than female (35.1%), with an age-adjusted likelihood ratio of 1.85 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65–2.06;
P
<0.0001) for male sex. The standardized incidence rate of hospitalizations for acute pericarditis was 3.32 per 100 000 person-years. Men 16 to 65 years of age were at higher risk for pericarditis (relative risk, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.81–2.26;
P
<0.0001) than women in the general admitted population, with the highest risk difference among young adults. Acute pericarditis caused 0.20% (95% CI, 0.19%–0.22%) of all cardiovascular admissions. The proportion of pericarditis-caused admissions declined by an estimated 51% per 10-year increase in age. The in-hospital mortality rate for acute pericarditis was 1.1% (95% CI, 0.6%–1.8%). Mortality increased with age (hazard ratio, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.78–5.95 per 10-year increase in age;
P
=0.0001) and severe coinfection (pneumonia or septicemia; hazard ratio, 13.46; 95% CI, 2.26–80.01;
P
<0.005) but was not associated with sex in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions—
Patients hospitalized for acute pericarditis are more commonly male. Increasing age and severe coinfection are associated with greater in-hospital mortality in hospitalized acute pericarditis patients.
Using Pulmonary Function Data to Assess Outcomes in the Endoscopic Management of Subglottic Stenosis
Authors: Kraft Shannon M. , Sykes Kevin , Palmer Andrew , Schindler Joshua 
Published: September 2014

Objective: This study aimed to examine the authors’ experience with endoscopic management of idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS), and to identify pulmonary function test (PFT) values that can be used to quantify outcomes. Methods: Retrospective review. Results: Twenty-five patients with a new diagnosis of iSGS were seen between 2006 and 2012. Median age at surgery was 45.3 years (interquartile range [IQR], 38.5-67.0), and median body mass index was 28.7 kg/m2 (IQR, 23.5-32.1). Forty-five procedures were performed. Median preoperative stenosis was 56.8% (Cotton-Myer grade 2). The typical stenosis began 15 mm below the true vocal folds and was 12 mm long. Median follow-up was 21.4 months (IQR, 5.1-43.1). For patients receiving multiple dilations, median time between procedures was 23.7 months. Four PFT parameters demonstrated significant improvement after intervention: (1) PEF (absolute change = 2.54 L/s), (2) PIF (absolute change = 1.57 L/s), (3) FEV1/PEF (absolute change = 0.44), and (4) FIF50% (absolute change = 1.71 L/s). PIF was the only parameter affected by using a larger balloon ( P = .047). Conclusion: PEF, PIF, FEV1/PEF, and FIF50% improved significantly after endoscopic incision and dilation of iSGS, and this could potentially be used as a metric by which to evaluate outcomes in the endoscopic management of subglottic stenosis.
Low Expression of Nuclear Toll‐like Receptor 4 in Laryngeal Papillomas Transforming into Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ilmarinen Taru , Hagström Jaana , Haglund Caj , Auvinen Eeva , Leivo Ilmo , Pitkäranta Anne , Aaltonen Leena‐Maija 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveThe malignant transformation rate of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), a disease caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), has varied significantly. Cells of the human immune system express toll‐like receptors (TLRs) that recognize particles from viruses and bacteria; TLRs are also present on tumor cells, and down‐regulation of TLRs has been shown during the progression of HPV‐associated neoplasia. The aim of this study was to determine the malignant transformation rate of laryngeal papillomas (LPs) and analyze the potential of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 immunoexpression as indicators of the increased cancer risk.Study DesignRetrospective case‐control study.SettingDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.Subjects and MethodsWe reviewed all patients with RRP treated for LPs between 1975 and 2011. Data from the Finnish Cancer Registry confirmed the number of patients diagnosed with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Laryngeal tissue specimens from patients developing LSCC were subjected to TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9 immunohistochemistry. Nine patients with RRP without malignant transformation and 19 patients with LSCC without a pre‐existing LP served as controls.ResultsNine of 324 patients (2.8%) with RRP developed LSCC. The intensity of nuclear staining of TLR4 was significantly lower in LPs transforming into LSCC than in LPs without malignant transformation. The expression of cytoplasmic TLR4 in LSCC correlated with tumor grade and T stage. Cytoplasmic TLR9 expression was significantly lower in LPs than in LSCC.ConclusionThe expression of TLR4 may serve as a predictive marker of malignant transformation in LPs. High immunoexpression of cytoplasmic TLR4 in LSCC was associated with a more aggressive disease.
A Universal Ethic for a Globalizing World: Accommodation, Rights and Human Values
Authors: Kim Uchang 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe present moment in human history is marked by the ever-accelerating movement across the world of materials, peoples and information, creating various problems and, of course, opportunities as well – especially, the movement of the people, which makes multiculturalism a major issue. Differences between the immigrants and the receiving society create conflict. One solution would be found in the legal provision for the equality of rights for all the members of society, including cultural minorities, but if the legal solution alone is considered effective, there would be waste of resources accumulated in cultures as enabling agents of amenable human life. But multiple cultures in a single society easily become a source of conflict, as another culture encroaching upon one's own culture is often felt as a threatening challenge to one's identity, as identity is constructed in the subjective process of culture. It implies the master-and-slave struggle between two subjectivities. Cultural subjectivities, personal or collective, could be induced to constitute a complex system of federated subjectivities. Even such a system would not, however, completely eliminate tension and conflict. Intervention by an ethic universally conceived on the minimal basis would meet the urgent need to prevent escalation of conflict, but it would ultimately prepare a common ground for the development of a global culture incorporating multiple cultures as historically inherited resources for enrichment of human life. Ethical awareness is what reveals the otherness of the other and also the ontological ground of human life on earth; as ethics and epistemology coincide, a human reason would emerge as the ground of a new global culture, and the world would hopefully become a single Lebensraum for entire humanity.
Evaluating vacation destination brochure images: the case of local authorities in Wales
Authors: Pritchard Annette , Morgan Nigel 
Published: September 2014

The paper demonstrates a method for analysing destination brochure images as a means to asking evaluative questions. First, it discusses the match, or mismatch, between product images and the separate findings of consumer attribute research. Secondly, it questions the efficacy of marketing practices that are liable to over-arching political influences and finally, it considers the extent of integration of destination image promotion across comparable tiers of a geopolitical system and between levels of local and national government. The empirical data are drawn from Wales in the United Kingdom. Local authority vacation brochures are examined using a content analysis and a methodology for examining brochure images is developed which categorises images into six major groups: scenery; activities ; people; heritage; urban and rural; and iconic destination images. Categorising images in this may reveals some interesting findings that have implications for tourism marketing planners both in the case study area and in other destinations which may be attempting to establish an identity as a vacation destination.
How to develop a strong hotel branding strategy with a weak branding budget
Authors: Taylor Hugh 
Published: September 2014

Branding is a vital part of a hotel company's marketing strategy. The strong brands belonging to the big chains seem to be winning the awareness battle for customers. But this all comes at a cost, and many hotel chains, particularly the non-international ones, simply cannot afford to match the big brands with heavyweight advertising and high-profile pro motional campaigns. This paper, taking the example of the author's company, Jarvis Hotels, argues that hotel companies can enjoy equal success in brand awareness by breaking their business down into its constituent parts and sub-branding products to serve specific customers with specific hotel needs.