bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carcinogenic mechanisms of endometrial cancer: Involvement of genetics and epigenetics
Authors: Banno Kouji , Yanokura Megumi , Iida Miho , Masuda Kenta , Aoki Daisuke 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEndometrial cancer is increasing worldwide and the number of patients with this disease is likely to continue to grow, including younger patients. Many endometrial cancers show estrogen‐dependent proliferation, but the carcinogenic mechanisms are unknown or not completely explained beyond mutations of single oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Possible carcinogenic mechanisms include imbalance between endometrial proliferation by unopposed estrogen and the mismatch repair (MMR) system; hypermethylation of the MMR gene hMLH1; mutation of PTEN, β‐catenin and K‐ras genes in type I endometrial cancer and of HER‐2/neu and p53 genes in type II endometrial cancer; hypermethylation of SPRY2, RASSF1A, RSK4, CHFR and CDH1; and methylation of tumor suppressor microRNAs, including miR‐124, miR‐126, miR‐137, miR‐491, miR‐129‐2 and miR‐152. Thus, it is likely that the carcinogenic mechanisms of endometrial cancer involve both genetic and epigenetic changes. Mutations and methylation of MMR genes induce various oncogenic changes that cause carcinogenesis, and both MMR mutation in germ cells and methylation patterns may be inherited over generations and cause familial tumorigenesis. Determination of the detailed carcinogenic mechanisms will be useful for prevention and diagnosis of endometrial cancer, risk assessment, and development of new treatment strategies targeting MMR genes.
Sexual Function and Fertility Quality of Life in Women Using In Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Smith Nicole K. , Madeira Jody , Millard Heather R. 
Published: January 2015

Abstract

Introduction
Women undergoing fertility treatment are likely to report negative changes in sexual function. With the rapid increase in the number of women pursuing in vitro fertilization (IVF), there is a need to better understand how IVF impacts a woman's sexual experiences and quality of life.

Aims
This study has three purposes: (i) test the psychometric properties of the Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (SFQ) in a sample of U.S. women undergoing IVF; (ii) compare sexual function of women undergoing IVF with a nonclinical sample of U.S. women; and (iii) identify the aspects of sexual function most related to fertility quality of life (FertiQoL).

Method
A total of 136 women who had recently undergone or who were currently undergoing IVF completed a web-based, cross-sectional survey about sexual experiences and quality of life.

Main Outcome Measures
Data were collected on infertility diagnosis, length of infertility, number of IVF cycles, pregnancy, and birth outcomes. Six domains of sexual function as well as the medical impact of IVF were assessed using the SFQ. A validated instrument was used to measure FertiQoL.

Results
Reliability analyses for the SFQ indicate sufficiently strong fit (Cronbach's alpha = 0.79 to 0.89). Compared with a nonclinical sample, women undergoing IVF scored significantly lower in sexual interest, desire, orgasm, satisfaction, sexual activity, and overall sexual function (P &lt; 0.05). A stepwise linear regression indicated that sexual problems predicted FertiQoL scores (Beta = 4.61, P &lt; 0.01). The most common sexual problems included lack of sexual interest or desire (30%), difficulty with orgasm (15%), vaginal dryness (14%), and vaginal tightness (13%).

Conclusions
Women undergoing IVF may be at particular risk for sexual problems. Sexual function issues may markedly impact overall quality of life during fertility treatment and should be addressed as an important component of comprehensive care.
Evaluation of Elevated Dietary Aluminum and Iron on Red Drum, Sciaenops ocellatus
Authors: Fauzi Ichsan A. , Gatlin Delbert M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine if relatively high dietary levels of aluminum and iron might affect growth, mortality, and mineral content of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, because algae coproduct may have rather high aluminum and iron levels due to the algae harvesting and extracting processes. Experimental diets were prepared by supplementing different levels of aluminum (1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, and 3000 mg/kg diet) from aluminum sulfate, or iron (1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg/kg diet) from ferric sulfate, or a combination of aluminum and iron (4000 mg Al/kg and 4000 mg Fe/kg) to a basal diet which was formulated from practical ingredients and analyzed to contain an average of 526 mg Fe/kg and 1940 mg Al/kg diet. The feeding trial was conducted in a recirculating system consisting of 38‐L aquaria maintained at 7 ppt salinity with synthetic seawater and sodium chloride. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 12 juvenile red drum initially averaging 4.5 g/fish for 7 wk. At the end of the feeding period, there were no significant differences in average weight gain, feed efficiency, or hepatosomatic index of fish fed the various diets. Significant differences were found in liver iron concentration (P = 0.045) but not iron concentration of whole body or muscle tissues. In regard to aluminum content of the liver, whole body, and muscle tissues, detectable levels were not recorded. Based on these results, it does not appear that extremely high levels of aluminum or iron adversely affect juvenile red drum, and thus elevated levels of these minerals should not limit the use of algal coproducts in diet formulations.
Comprehensive Investigation of Streptococcosis Outbreaks in Cultured Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and Red Tilapia, Oreochromis sp., of Thailand
Authors: Jantrakajorn Sasibha , Maisak Hathairat , Wongtavatchai Janenuj 
Published: January 2015

AbstractStreptococcosis causes economic losses due to mass mortality at all culturing stages in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and red tilapia, Oreochromis sp., farming throughout Thailand. Diseased tilapia collected from outbreak areas during 2003–2012 were examined using histopathological, biochemical, and molecular tools. Infected fish showed clinical signs of septicemia, and bacteria were found in visceral organs. All gram‐positive cocci isolates were negative to catalase and oxidase, and exhibited β‐hemolysis; however, they possessed various biochemical profiles. PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene was used for 165 samples, and resulted in identification of 143 (86.67%) with Streptococcus agalactiae and 14 (8.48%) with Streptococcus iniae, and 8 (4.85%) with mixed infection. High similarity (≥98%) of 16S rRNA gene sequences to the reference strain S. agalactiae (accession no. EF092913) and S. iniae ATCC29178 type strain was observed in the typing of S. agalactiae and S. iniae from Thai farmed tilapia. This investigation documented that at least two species of streptococcal bacteria, S. agalactiae and S. iniae, were involved in tilapia streptococcal infection in Thailand. The molecular recognition of the etiologic agents showed that S. agalactiae was the dominant species that cause disease in all culture areas, whereas S. iniae were discovered only in cases from the northeastern and central regions.
A Novel Metallothionein Gene from Mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii: Identification and Expression under Lanthanum Exposure
Authors: Yang Shoubao , Wei Min , Yang Xiaoxue , Wang Heng , He Liping , Li Chen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMetallothionein (MT) is a superfamily of cysteine‐rich, metal‐binding, low‐molecular‐weight proteins that participate in the storage, transportation, and metabolism of the trace metal elements. In this study, a novel MT gene from Hyriopsis cumingii was cloned (designated HcMT1); it shared 59.2% identity with previously published MT sequence of H. cumingii and 56.1–97.3% identity with other MT genes from mollusks. The expression level of HcMT1 in various tissues was determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Relatively higher expression levels were observed in digestive gonad, mantle, and gill, and the expression level in hemocytes was significantly upregulated by lanthanum (La3+) exposure. The nucleotide sequence of HcMT1 amplified from genomic DNA is identical to the cDNA template group under La3+ exposure, which indicated that HcMT1 is an intronless gene. These results indicate that HcMT1 may play an important role in La3+ metabolism.
Patchwork planet: the resource dispersion hypothesis, society, and the ecology of life
Authors: Macdonald D. W. , Johnson D. D. P. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractVirtually nothing in nature is uniform. Observed at the right scale, most entities are clustered rather than evenly distributed, spatially and temporally, and this applies across domains from the distribution of matter in the universe, to habitats across theEarth's surface, and to energy in the landscape. Patchiness means organisms cannot carve out even territories. Instead, their shape and size depends on the dispersion of materials needed for survival and reproduction. This fundamental feature of life is intrinsically understood in ecology, for example, in the ideal free distribution and optimal foraging theory, and is represented in the anatomy as well as behaviour of organisms via the structures and strategies for moving, finding and capturing these patchy resources. But perhaps most striking of all is the role of patchiness in facilitating the formation of social groups – of societies. The resource dispersion hypothesis (RDH) suggests that where resources are dispersed and rich enough, multiple individuals can collapse into groups that share the same space at little cost to each other. Cooperation may be absent, but sociality is favoured nevertheless. Thirty years after the origin of the hypothesis, we review the accumulating models, critiques, evidence and experiments, concluding thatRDHis a pervasive feature of animal spacing patterns across a wide range of species, taxonomic groups and ecosystems. In the spirit of the original objective of theHuxleyReviews to ‘suggest and inspire research that will improve our knowledge in the future’, we also take the opportunity to consider wider implications of theRDH. If we live and evolved on a patchwork planet, then we should expect broader effects. Indeed, we suggest that theRDHhas played an important role in the evolution of cooperation, biodiversity, behaviour and, not least, in the social organization of humans in our evolutionary past and today.
Sponge waste that fuels marine oligotrophic food webs: a re‐assessment of its origin and nature
Authors: Maldonado Manuel 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIt has recently been realized that sponges take up much of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) available in the water of reefs. The energy derived from this DOM is suggested to be invested in renewing the sponge filter cells (choanocytes) every few hours, generating an outflow of detrital particulate organic matter (POM) that is rapidly ingested by other invertebrates. By this DOM‐to‐POM recycling, sponges are proposed to fuel the food web of oligotrophic marine communities, including reefs, caves and deep‐sea environments. In four species studied herein by electron microscopy, the POM found in the outgoing aquiferous canals had a complex composition, with large between‐species differences. It may include choanocytes (0–52%), and also mesohyl cells, such as archeocytes (9–20%) and spherulous, and granular cells with inclusions (27–90%). Exocytosed vesicles also occurred. Surprisingly, to end up into the outgoing canals, the internal mesohyl cells squeezed between the epithelial cells (endopinacocytes) of the canal wall. Mesohyl cells were also able to transfer their inclusions to the endopinacocytes, which in turn extruded their acquired vesicle loads into the canal lumen. The unanticipated abundant participation of mesohyl cells and endopinacocytes in the production of POM appears to be an ordinary process that occurs continuously in the sponges, mostly related to elimination of digestion leftovers and excretion by‐products. Therefore, POM is generated by sponges irrespective of whether the primary food source is particulate (evidence from this study) or DOM (previous literature). Altogether, these results indicate that the cellular mechanisms behind the relevant organic‐matter recycling carried out by sponges are more diverse than initially anticipated. The varying ratios of choanocytes/mesohyl cells in the POM across species suggest that different sponge species may impact differently the energetics of food webs of the respective oligotrophic habitats where they dominate.
Non‐syndromic bilateral dentigerous cysts with significant root resorption: a case report
Authors: Vassiliou L.‐V. , Lahiri S. , Matthews S.N. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDentigerous cysts are the most common developmental odontogenic cysts and are associated with impacted teeth, usually third molars. Bilateral dentigerous cysts are rare and usually occur in patients with a known syndrome, such as cleidocranial dysplasia. In this study, we report a case of bilateral dentigerous cysts with associated significant root resorption in an otherwise healthy 38‐year‐old female patient. The patient presented with left‐sided non‐tender mandibular swelling and mobility of the left mandibular first and second molar teeth. Radiological investigations revealed two large, unilocular, well‐circumscribed, radiolucent lesions involving the impacted lower wisdom teeth. There was extensive root resorption of the lower molars. The patient underwent enucleation of both cysts and extraction of the involved teeth. Histological features were consistent with dentigerous cysts, with both lesions consisting of a fibrous wall lined by non‐keratinizing stratified squamous epithelium. Non‐syndromic bilateral dentigerous cysts are extremely uncommon. This case, with associated significant root resorption, reflects aggressive biological behaviour and shows that commonly encountered lesions can present as a diagnostic challenge, emphasizing the importance of histopathological analysis in the definitive diagnosis and the overall management.
Marker‐assisted backcrossing of a null allele of the α‐subunit of Soybean (Glycine max) β‐conglycinin with a Chinese soybean cultivar (a). The development of improved lines
Authors: Song Bo , Shen Liwei , Wei Xiaoshuang , Guo Bowen , Tuo Yun , Tian Fudong , Han Zheng , Wang Xueying , Li Wenbin , Liu Shanshan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe development of soybean varieties that lack the β‐conglycinin α‐subunit is an attractive goal because the β‐conglycinin α‐subunit negatively influences the nutrition and gelation of tofu and is a major allergen. To remove this undesirable allergen and simultaneously improve the seed nutritional value and food‐processing quality, marker‐assisted background selection (MABS) was used in backcross breeding to incorporate cgy‐2, a null phenotype version of the gene encoding the β‐conglycinin α‐subunit, from the donor line ‘RiB’ into the genetic background of the Chinese cultivar ‘Dongnong47’ (DN47), a popular high‐oil superfine seed soybean cultivar from Heilongjiang Province, China. In each F2 (F2, BCnF2) generation of the breeding programme, the offspring that carried the introgressed cgy‐2 were identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and rescreened by MABS using simple sequence repeat markers to accelerate recurrent parent genome recovery. Of the 49 advanced backcrossing breeding lines (ABLs), the three best lines, ABL1, ABL2 and ABL3, were selected from the BC1, BC2 and BC3 populations, respectively. The ABLs were evaluated for desirable agronomic characteristics, yield‐related traits, amino acid composition, free amino acid composition and tofu‐processing quality in the mature seeds. All of the ABLs lacked the α‐subunit but grew and reproduced normally without deleterious effects on physiological processes such as seed development and germination. The free amino acid content of ABL1 was significantly higher than that of ‘DN47’, with arginine (Arg) being particularly enriched. Compared to the recurrent parent ‘DN47’, the total protein content of the three ABLs was higher, the amino acid composition of the seed proteins was markedly modified and the yield and hardness of the tofu that was made from the ABLs were significantly increased. MABS combined with stringent phenotypic selection in a backcross breeding programme is a feasible strategy for the genetic engineering of seed protein components to produce allergenic subunit‐deficient variant alleles.
Variations in chlorosis and potential usefulness of alloplasmic Brassica rapa with the cytoplasm of male sterile Brassica juncea
Authors: Chang Caitao , Sun Deling , Hondo Kana , Kakihara Fumika 
Published: January 2015

AbstractTo select superior seed parents for vegetable hybrid seed production, we conducted interspecific crosses between male sterile Brassica juncea (2n = 36, AABB) and eight inbred lines of Brassica rapa (2n = 20, AA). Alloplasmic lines of B. rapa with the cytoplasm of B. juncea were developed from B. juncea × B. rapa hybrids by repeated backcrossing using B. rapa as the recurrent male parent until the BC3 generation. Seed fertility, male sterility and chlorophyll content were investigated in these plants cultivated under four different temperature conditions (5, 10, 12 and 20°C). At 10°C, the alloplasmic lines of B. rapa with the cytoplasm of B. juncea were male sterile with partly chlorotic leaves. The alloplasmic B. rapa had lower chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid contents than those of the original B. rapa. The leaves recovered from chlorosis when the plants were cultivated at 20°C. An alloplasmic line of B. rapa (A6) is available as a seed parent for vegetable hybrid seed production and contributes seed fertility, slight chlorosis and stable male sterility.
Localized and non‐localized effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis on accumulation of osmolytes and aquaporins and on antioxidant systems in maize plants subjected to total or partial root drying
Authors: BÁRZANA GLORIA , AROCA RICARDO , RUIZ‐LOZANO JUAN MANUEL 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis alters host plant physiology under drought stress, but no information is available on whether or not the AM affects respond to drought locally or systemically. A split‐root system was used to obtain AM plants with total or only half root system colonized as well as to induce physiological drought affecting the whole plant or non‐physiological drought affecting only the half root system. We analysed the local and/or systemic nature of the AM effects on accumulation of osmoregulatory compounds and aquaporins and on antioxidant systems. Maize plants accumulated proline both, locally in roots affected by drought and systemically when the drought affected the whole root system, being the last effect ampler in AM plants. PIPs (plasma membrane intrinsic proteins) aquaporins were also differently regulated by drought in AM and non‐AM root compartments. When the drought affected only the AM root compartment, the rise of lipid peroxidation was restricted to such compartment. On the contrary, when the drought affected the non‐AM root fraction, the rise of lipid peroxidation was similar in both root compartments. Thus, the benefits of the AM symbiosis not only rely in a lower oxidative stress in the host plant, but it also restricts locally such oxidative stress.
Seeing Double: Annular Diaper Rash in Twins
Authors: Sommer Lacy L. , Manders Steven M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe report a case of dichorionic, diamniotic twins who developed similar erythematous, annular, erosive plaques in the inguinal folds in the first few weeks of life that were refractory to topical antifungals and oral antibiotics. The twins were found to have high transaminase levels, antinuclear antibody positivity, and anti‐SSS/Ro) and anti‐SSB/La autoantibodies. The rash resolved without scarring by 7 months of age with the use of low‐potency topical corticosteroids. We suggest that physicians consider neonatal lupus erythematosus in neonates with atypical eruptions occurring in sun‐protected skin.
Unusually Large Patch‐Type Noninvoluting Congenital Hemangioma of the Shoulder: A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Bonifazi Ernesto , Cutrone Mario 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNoninvoluting congenital hemangiomas (NICHs) are vascular tumors that are fully formed at birth and do not regress. Clinically, NICHs persist indefinitely over time. Histologically they are characterized by deep dermal lobules of small vessels with endothelial cells that do not stain with glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1). Two similar cases of unusually large, patch‐type NICHs of the shoulder in neonates were observed in the past 20 years in two pediatric dermatology units in Italy. In both cases, histopathology showed lobular collections of small vessels that did not stain with GLUT1. The clinical features of the two cases remained unchanged over a follow‐up period of 10 and 4 years, respectively. The large size and flat appearance of the lesions could be due to their early onset during embryogenesis.
Recurrent Oral and Genital Ulcers in an Infant: Neonatal Presentation of Pediatric Behçet Disease
Authors: Johnson Emma F. , Hawkins Danielle M. , Gifford Laura K. , Smidt Aimee C. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBehçet disease is a complex, multisystem disease characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcerations. It rarely occurs in infants or children. Neonatal Behçet disease has been reported in infants whose ulcers resolve at or before 9 weeks of age. Few cases of neonatal Behçet disease persisting into childhood have previously been reported. We report the case of a 1‐month‐old infant who presented with severe recurrent genital ulcerations and at 6 months developed recurrent oral ulcerations. Her orogenital ulcerations continue to recur. Human leukocyte antigen testing revealed HLA‐B51 and B44 positivity. This is a case of pediatric Behçet disease in the neonatal period. Behçet disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of recurrent genital and oral ulcerations in infants and children.
Living donor liver transplantation from an asymptomatic donor with mild coagulation factor IX deficiency: Report of a case
Authors: Sanada Yukihiro , Sasanuma Hideki , Sakuma Yasunaru , Morishima Kazue , Kasahara Naoya , Kaneda Yuji , Miki Atsushi , Fujiwara Takehito , Shimizu Atsushi , Hyodo Masanobu , Hirata Yuta , Yamada Naoya , Okada Noriki , Ihara Yoshiyuki , Urahashi Taizen , Madoiwa Seiji , Mimuro Jun , Mizuta Koichi , Yasuda Yoshikazu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe use of donors with coagulation FIX deficiency is controversial, and there are no current protocols for peri‐transplant management. We herein describe the first reported case of a pediatric LDLT from an asymptomatic donor with mild coagulation FIX deficiency. A 32‐yr‐old female was evaluated as a donor for her 12‐month‐old daughter with biliary atresia. The donor's pretransplant coagulation tests revealed asymptomatic mild coagulation FIX deficiency (FIX activity 60.8%). Freeze‐dried human blood coagulation FIX concentrate was administered before the dissection of the liver and 12 h afterwards by bolus infusion (40 U/kg) and was continued on POD 1. The bleeding volume at LDLT was 590 mL. On POD 1, 3, 5, and 13, the coagulation FIX activity of the donor was 121.3%, 130.6%, 114.6%, and 50.2%, respectively. The donor's post‐transplant course was uneventful, and the recipient is currently doing well at 18 months after LDLT. The FIX activity of the donor and recipient at nine months after LDLT was 39.2% and 58.0%, respectively. LDLT from donors with mild coagulation FIX deficiency could be performed effectively and safely using peri‐transplant short‐term coagulation FIX replacement and long‐term monitoring of the plasma FIX level in the donor.