bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leveraging geo-computational innovations for sustainable disaster management to enhance flood resilience
Authors: Jain Harshita 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe increasing frequency of flood disasters around the globe highlights the need for creative approaches to improve disaster preparedness. This thorough analysis and assessment explore the topic of enhancing flood disaster resilience by utilising cutting-edge geo-computational techniques. By combining a variety of techniques, such as remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), LiDAR, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and cutting-edge technologies like machine learning and geospatial big data analytics, the study provides a complex framework for flood monitoring, risk assessment, and mitigation. By using remote sensing technology, flood occurrences can be tracked in real time and inundations may be precisely mapped, which makes proactive response plans possible. GIS facilitates effective evacuation planning by streamlining spatial analysis and decision-making procedures and providing critical insights into risky locations. High-resolution elevation data is provided by LiDAR technology, which is essential for precise flood modelling and simulation. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) may be quickly deployed to assist with situational awareness and damage assessment during a disaster. Furthermore, predictive skills are enhanced by the combination of machine learning and geographic big data analytics, opening the door to the creation of adaptive reaction plans and early warning systems. This investigation highlights how geo-computational tools may significantly improve community resilience and lessen the negative effects of flood disasters. After a thorough review of the literature and case studies, this study clarifies how these approaches might improve disaster response and preparation to a great extent.
The analysis of potentially toxic heavy metal contamination in the Lake Bogoria geothermal springs
Authors: Sunguti Anzelim E. , Kibet Joshua K. , Kinyanjui Thomas K. , Oyugi Albert M. , Muhizi Theoneste 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLake Bogoria geothermal system is a natural geological site in Kenya that boasts a habitat for Flamingos which attract tourists, and its water find applications in agriculture and recreation. Accordingly, its geological processes, closed water systems and anthropogenic activities may lead to accumulation of potential toxic metal contamination. The present study focused on the analysis of potentially toxic metals — manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) in geothermal spring water samples after acid digestion method, and evaluated their health risks through dermal and ingestion exposures. Principal component analysis (PCA), enrichment factors (EF) and Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) were performed to determine the sources and correlation between the metals investigated. Manganese, Cu and Ni recorded mean concentrations (ppm) of 0.19 ± 0.08, 0.02 ± 0.02 and 0.03 ± 0.02, respectively, which were below the permissible World Health Organisation (WHO) limits, whereas Pb (0.06 ± 0.04) and Cd (0.05 ± 0.02) levels were above the threshold standards. PCA revealed that these metals may have originated from geological regimes and surface run-offs. Copper and Cd metals were highly enriched indicating an anthropogenic origin. The Hazard quotients (HQ) of Pb and Cd were $$>1,$$

>
1
,

hence they are potential precursors for non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks in both children and adults. The findings of this study showed possible Pb and Cd metal contamination from geothermal waters. Therefore, there is need for remediation, continuous monitoring and assessment of geothermal waters before utilization for recreation, crop production and geothermal energy exploitation to ensure environmental conservation and human safety.
Role of chest ultrasound in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism: a cohort study
Authors: Mohsen Mostafa , Hadidy Amr El , Taema khaled , Belal Soliman 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common and usually fatal condition that is commonly misdiagnosed and consequently ignored. Lung ultrasonography is quickly becoming a valuable tool in the ER and ICU for assisting in emergency decisions.

Methods
One hundred fourteen patients with moderate/high probability of PE in the Critical Care Department meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. A detailed medical history and a full physical examination involving vital signs, transthoracic ultrasound, CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA), and echocardiography were done for the eligible participants. The goal of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic role of transthoracic ultrasound (TUS) in PE and to compare its specificity and sensitivity with CT pulmonary angiography. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results
Within the 75 patients with confirmed PE based on CTPA, 30 had LUS findings of confirmed PE (40%), and 45 had LUS findings not consistent with confirmed PE (60%). Within the 39 patients with no PE based on CTPA, all patients had LUS findings of non-confirmed PE (100%), and no patients had LUS findings of confirmed PE (0%). The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism based on confirmed LUS signs had sensitivity and specificity of 40% and 100% respectively with 100% positive predictive value and 46.4% negative predictive value.

Conclusion
Positive TUS findings with moderate/high suspicion for PE may prove a valuable tool in the diagnosis of PE at the bedside, especially in the emergency setting, but a negative TUS study cannot rule out PE with certainty.
How Well Does the DOE Global Storm Resolving Model Simulate Clouds and Precipitation Over the Amazon?
Authors: Tian Jingjing , Zhang Yunyan , Klein Stephen A. , Terai Christopher R. , Caldwell Peter M. , Beydoun Hassan , Bogenschutz Peter , Ma Hsi‐Yen , Donahue Aaron S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study assesses a 40‐day 3.25‐km global simulation of the Simple Cloud‐Resolving E3SM Model (SCREAMv0) using high‐resolution ground‐based observations from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon) field campaign. SCREAMv0 reasonably captures the diurnal timing of boundary layer clouds yet underestimates the boundary layer cloud fraction and mid‐level congestus. SCREAMv0 well replicates the precipitation diurnal cycle, however it exhibits biases in the precipitation cluster size distribution compared to scanning radar observations. Specifically, SCREAMv0 overproduces clusters smaller than 128 km, and does not form enough large clusters. Such biases suggest an inhibition of convective upscale growth, preventing isolated deep convective clusters from evolving into larger mesoscale systems. This model bias is partially attributed to the misrepresentation of land‐atmosphere coupling. This study highlights the potential use of high‐resolution ground‐based observations to diagnose convective processes in global storm resolving model simulations, identify key model deficiencies, and guide future process‐oriented model sensitivity tests and detailed analyses.
Asymmetric and Irreversible Response of Tropical Cyclone Potential Intensity to CO2 Removal
Authors: Huan Dubin , Yan Qing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the behaviors of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity under the CO2 removal scenario is important for future climate adaptation and policy making. Based on the idealized CO2 ramp‐up (from 284.7 to 1,138.8 ppm) and symmetric ramp‐down experiments, our results suggest an asymmetric and irreversible response of TC potential intensity to CO2 reduction. Potential intensity shows an additional enhancement at the same CO2 level during the CO2 ramp‐down relative to the ramp‐up periods (though with regional differences), and does not completely return to the initial value even when CO2 recovers on multi‐decadal to centennial timescale. The enhanced potential intensity is dominated by the increased thermodynamic disequilibrium, which is mainly attributed to the weakened surface winds arising from the El Niño‐like warming pattern and inter‐hemispheric ocean temperature contrast. Our results highlight the potential risks of stronger storms on the socioeconomic development under the negative carbon emissions pathways.
Tissue microenvironment induces tissue specificity of ILC2
Authors: Qin Minjing , Fang Yuanyuan , Zheng Qitong , Peng Mengyun , Wang Lu , Sang Xia’nan , Cao Gang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractType 2 innate lymphoid cells were found to be members of the innate immune cell family, which is involved in innate and adaptive immunity to resist the invasion of foreign antigens and induce allergic reactions caused by allergens. The advancement of ILC2 research has pointed out that ILC2s have a high degree of diversity, challenging the notion of their homogeneity as a cellular population. An increasing number of studies indicate that ILC2 is a cell population with tissue specificity which can be induced by the tissue microenvironment. In addition, crosstalk between tissues can change ILC2 functions of migration and activation. Here, we emphasize that ILC2 undergoes adaptive changes under the regulation of the tissue microenvironment and distant tissues, thereby coordinating the organization’s operation. In addition, ILC2 alterations induced by the tissue microenvironment are not limited to the ILC2 cell population, and ILC2 can also transdifferentiate into another class of ILC cell population (ILC1 or ILC3). In this review, we summarized the tissue-specific effects of ILC2 by tissue microenvironment and focused on the function of ILC2 in inter-tissue crosstalk. Lastly, we discussed the transdifferentiations of ILC2 caused by the abnormal change in tissue environment.
Controlling 229Th isomeric state population in a VUV transparent crystal
Authors: Hiraki Takahiro , Okai Koichi , Bartokos Michael , Beeks Kjeld , Fujimoto Hiroyuki , Fukunaga Yuta , Haba Hiromitsu , Kasamatsu Yoshitaka , Kitao Shinji , Leitner Adrian , Masuda Takahiko , Guan Ming , Nagasawa Nobumoto , Ogake Ryoichiro , Pimon Martin , Pressler Martin , Sasao Noboru , Schaden Fabian , Schumm Thorsten , Seto Makoto , Shigekawa Yudai , Shimizu Kotaro , Sikorsky Tomas , Tamasaku Kenji , Takatori Sayuri , Watanabe Tsukasa , Yamaguchi Atsushi , Yoda Yoshitaka , Yoshimi Akihiro , Yoshimura Koji 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe radioisotope thorium-229 (229Th) is renowned for its extraordinarily low-energy, long-lived nuclear first-excited state. This isomeric state can be excited by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lasers and 229Th has been proposed as a reference transition for ultra-precise nuclear clocks. To assess the feasibility and performance of the nuclear clock concept, time-controlled excitation and depopulation of the 229Th isomer are imperative. Here we report the population of the 229Th isomeric state through resonant X-ray pumping and detection of the radiative decay in a VUV transparent 229Th-doped CaF2 crystal. The decay half-life is measured to 447(25) s, with a transition wavelength of 148.18(42) nm and a radiative decay fraction consistent with unity. Furthermore, we report a new “X-ray quenching” effect which allows to de-populate the isomer on demand and effectively reduce the half-life. Such controlled quenching can be used to significantly speed up the interrogation cycle in future nuclear clock schemes.
Biophysical neural adaptation mechanisms enable artificial neural networks to capture dynamic retinal computation
Authors: Idrees Saad , Manookin Michael B. , Rieke Fred , Field Greg D. , Zylberberg Joel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAdaptation is a universal aspect of neural systems that changes circuit computations to match prevailing inputs. These changes facilitate efficient encoding of sensory inputs while avoiding saturation. Conventional artificial neural networks (ANNs) have limited adaptive capabilities, hindering their ability to reliably predict neural output under dynamic input conditions. Can embedding neural adaptive mechanisms in ANNs improve their performance? To answer this question, we develop a new deep learning model of the retina that incorporates the biophysics of photoreceptor adaptation at the front-end of conventional convolutional neural networks (CNNs). These conventional CNNs build on ’Deep Retina,’ a previously developed model of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) activity. CNNs that include this new photoreceptor layer outperform conventional CNN models at predicting male and female primate and rat RGC responses to naturalistic stimuli that include dynamic local intensity changes and large changes in the ambient illumination. These improved predictions result directly from adaptation within the phototransduction cascade. This research underscores the potential of embedding models of neural adaptation in ANNs and using them to determine how neural circuits manage the complexities of encoding natural inputs that are dynamic and span a large range of light levels.
1,3-Difunctionalization of [1.1.1]propellane through iron-hydride catalyzed hydropyridylation
Authors: Kim Changha , Kim Yuhyun , Hong Sungwoo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCurrent methodologies for the functionalization of [1.1.1]propellane primarily focus on achieving 1, 3-difunctionalized bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane or ring-opened cyclobutane moiety. Herein, we report an innovative approach for the 1, 3-difunctionalization of [1.1.1]propellane, enabling access to a diverse range of highly functionalized cyclobutanes via nucleophilic attack followed by ring opening and iron-hydride hydrogen atom transfer. To enable this method, we developed an efficient iron-catalyzed hydropyridylation of various alkenes for C − H alkylation of pyridines at the C4 position, eliminating the need for stoichiometric quantities of oxidants or reductants. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the resulting N-centered radical serves as an effective oxidizing agent, facilitating single-electron transfer oxidation of the reduced iron catalyst. This process efficiently sustains the catalytic cycle, offering significant advantages for substrates with oxidatively sensitive functionalities that are generally incompatible with alternative approaches. The strategy presented herein is not only mechanistically compelling but also demonstrates broad versatility, highlighting its potential for late-stage functionalization.
Homologous but not heterologous COVID-19 vaccine booster elicits IgG4+ B-cells and enhanced Omicron subvariant binding
Authors: Hartley Gemma E. , Fryer Holly A. , Gill Paul A. , Boo Irene , Bornheimer Scott J. , Hogarth P. Mark , Drummer Heidi E. , O’Hehir Robyn E. , Edwards Emily S. J. , van Zelm Menno C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBooster vaccinations are recommended to improve protection against severe disease from SARS-CoV-2 infection. With primary vaccinations involving various adenoviral vector and mRNA-based formulations, it remains unclear if these differentially affect the immune response to booster doses. We examined the effects of homologous (mRNA/mRNA) and heterologous (adenoviral vector/mRNA) vaccination on antibody and memory B cell (Bmem) responses against ancestral and Omicron subvariants. Healthy adults who received primary BNT162b2 (mRNA) or ChAdOx1 (vector) vaccination were sampled 1-month and 6-months after their 2nd and 3rd dose (homologous or heterologous) vaccination. Recombinant spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) proteins from ancestral, Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 variants were produced for ELISA-based serology, and tetramerized for immunophenotyping of RBD-specific Bmem. Dose 3 boosters significantly increased ancestral RBD-specific plasma IgG and Bmem in both cohorts. Up to 80% of ancestral RBD-specific Bmem expressed IgG1+. IgG4+ Bmem were detectable after primary mRNA vaccination, and expanded significantly to 5–20% after dose 3, whereas heterologous boosting did not elicit IgG4+ Bmem. Recognition of Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 by ancestral RBD-specific plasma IgG increased from 20% to 60% after the 3rd dose in both cohorts. Reactivity of ancestral RBD-specific Bmem to Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 increased following a homologous booster from 40% to 60%, but not after a heterologous booster. A 3rd mRNA dose generates similarly robust serological and Bmem responses in homologous and heterologous vaccination groups. The expansion of IgG4+ Bmem after mRNA priming might result from the unique vaccine formulation or dosing schedule affecting the Bmem response duration and antibody maturation.
Lifetime optimisation of integrated thermally and electrically driven solar desalination plants
Authors: Winchester Benedict , Huang Gan , Beath Hamish , Sandwell Philip , Cen Jiajun , Nelson Jenny , Markides Christos N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe compare the performance of photovoltaic (PV), flat-plate and evacuated-tube solar-thermal (ST), and hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) collectors to meet the energy demands of multi-effect distillation (MED) desalination plants across four locations. We consider three scales: 1700 m3day−1, 120 m3day−1 and 3 m3day−1. We find a strong dependence of the capacity and configuration of the solar collectors on both the cost of sourcing electricity from the grid and the specific collector employed. We find specific costs as low as 7.8, 3.4 and 3.7 USDm−3 for the three plant capacities. We find that solar-driven systems optimised for the lowest specific cost result in CO2eq emissions equal to, or higher than, those from grid-driven reverse osmosis (RO) and in line with PV-RO. This highlights the need to consider the environmental footprint of these systems to ensure that desalination is in line with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 6.
A systematic search for RNA structural switches across the human transcriptome
Authors: Khoroshkin Matvei , Asarnow Daniel , Zhou Shaopu , Navickas Albertas , Winters Aidan , Goudreau Jackson , Zhou Simon K. , Yu Johnny , Palka Christina , Fish Lisa , Borah Ashir , Yousefi Kian , Carpenter Christopher , Ansel K. Mark , Cheng Yifan , Gilbert Luke A. , Goodarzi Hani 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRNA structural switches are key regulators of gene expression in bacteria, but their characterization in Metazoa remains limited. Here, we present SwitchSeeker, a comprehensive computational and experimental approach for systematic identification of functional RNA structural switches. We applied SwitchSeeker to the human transcriptome and identified 245 putative RNA switches. To validate our approach, we characterized a previously unknown RNA switch in the 3ʹ untranslated region of the RORC (RAR-related orphan receptor C) transcript. In vivo dimethyl sulfate (DMS) mutational profiling with sequencing (DMS-MaPseq), coupled with cryogenic electron microscopy, confirmed its existence as two alternative structural conformations. Furthermore, we used genome-scale CRISPR screens to identify trans factors that regulate gene expression through this RNA structural switch. We found that nonsense-mediated messenger RNA decay acts on this element in a conformation-specific manner. SwitchSeeker provides an unbiased, experimentally driven method for discovering RNA structural switches that shape the eukaryotic gene expression landscape.
Deep learning pose detection model for sow locomotion
Authors: de Paula Tauana Maria Carlos Guimarães , de Sousa Rafael Vieira , Sarmiento Marisol Parada , Kramer Ton , de Souza Sardinha Edson José , Sabei Leandro , Machado Júlia Silvestrini , Vilioti Mirela , Zanella Adroaldo José 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLameness affects animal mobility, causing pain and discomfort. Lameness in early stages often goes undetected due to a lack of observation, precision, and reliability. Automated and non-invasive systems offer precision and detection ease and may improve animal welfare. This study was conducted to create a repository of images and videos of sows with different locomotion scores. Our goal is to develop a computer vision model for automatically identifying specific points on the sow's body. The automatic identification and ability to track specific body areas, will allow us to conduct kinematic studies with the aim of facilitating the detection of lameness using deep learning. The video database was collected on a pig farm with a scenario built to allow filming of sows in locomotion with different lameness scores. Two stereo cameras were used to record 2D videos images. Thirteen locomotion experts assessed the videos using the Locomotion Score System developed by Zinpro Corporation. From this annotated repository, computational models were trained and tested using the open-source deep learning-based animal pose tracking framework SLEAP (Social LEAP Estimates Animal Poses). The top-performing models were constructed using the LEAP architecture to accurately track 6 (lateral view) and 10 (dorsal view) skeleton keypoints. The architecture achieved average precisions values of 0.90 and 0.72, average distances of 6.83 and 11.37 in pixel, and similarities of 0.94 and 0.86 for the lateral and dorsal views, respectively. These computational models are proposed as a Precision Livestock Farming tool and method for identifying and estimating postures in pigs automatically and objectively. The 2D video image repository with different pig locomotion scores can be used as a tool for teaching and research. Based on our skeleton keypoint classification results, an automatic system could be developed. This could contribute to the objective assessment of locomotion scores in sows, improving their welfare.
Comparison of three primer pairs for molecular sex determination in Eurasian pygmy owls (Glaucidium passerinum)
Authors: Stehlíková Sovadinová Simona , Mekadim Chahrazed , Korpimäki Erkki , Mrázek Jakub , Kouba Marek 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBird sex determination is fundamental in various ecological and biological studies, although many avian species cannot be sexed visually due to their monomorphic and/or monochromatic appearance. Thus, reliable laboratory methods for sexing are a prerequisite. Most avian nestlings lack sex-related signs, including the Eurasian pygmy owl (Glaucidium passerinum). We performed laboratory sex determination analysis of this species using blood samples of 242 juveniles and nine adults. It relied on the qPCR of the specific intron from the chromo-helicase DNA-binding protein 1 gene. We tested three primer sets, the P2/P8, 2550F/2718R, and CHD1F/CHD1R, commonly used for bird laboratory sexing. The outcomes were displayed on an agarose gel electrophoresis and a plot from melt curve analysis, which had not been previously conducted in Eurasian pygmy owls. We found that only primer set CHD1F/CHD1R proved reliable, as the only one determined sex with one and two band/s and peak/s on the electrophoresis and the melt curve plot for males and females, respectively. The other two primer pairs failed and depicted one band/peak in all specimens regardless of their sex. Therefore, we recommend performing Eurasian pygmy owls’ laboratory sexing by qPCR with CHD1F/CHD1R primers only.