bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slab Tear of Subducted Indian Lithosphere Beneath the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis Region
Authors: Li Ziqing , Zhang Bo , Guo Lei , Hou Zhaoliang , Grasemann Bernhard , Cai Fulong , Wang Houqi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, region‐scale dextral strike‐slip shear zones, crucial for India‐Asia convergence, were investigated along the Dulongjiang shear zone near the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis (EHS). Structural, kinematic, and geochronological data from Dulongjiang and Nabang regions in western Yunnan, China, reveal dextral strike‐slip shearing between 30 and 15 Ma. Various rocks were affected by moderate‐temperature shear deformation (∼450–550°C), inferred from microstructures and quartz CPO patterns, during dextral strike‐slip and exhumation of the shear zone. Combined with structures of pre‐, syn‐, and post‐shearing leucogranites, zircon U‐Pb dating indicates that the dextral shear along the shear zone began in the Early Oligocene (30–29 Ma) subsequent to the India‐Asia collision. Micas in mylonitic granites yield 40Ar/39Ar ages, suggesting that the principal dextral shear deformation occurred approximately between 18 and 15 Ma. The Dulongjiang shear zone is linked to the Parlung, Nabang shear zone, and Sagaing Fault, forming a regional Cenozoic dextral shear system around the EHS. The study, combined with tomographic anomalies beneath the India‐Asia collision zone, highlights distinct lithospheric‐scale evolution in southeastern and eastern Tibet. Continuous intracontinental strike‐slip shearing indicates a tectonic shift from Tibetan extension to block rotation around the EHS. From 30 to 15 Ma, slab tear, accompanied by clockwise rotation and dextral strike‐slip shearing, suggests a warmer geodynamic setting influenced by hot mantle flow associated with ongoing subduction of the Indian lithosphere. Oligocene‐Miocene dextral strike‐slip shearing around the EHS, linking southwards with the Sagaing Fault, may correspond to the rotation necessary for slab to bend, stretch, and eventually tear beneath the region.
Evaluation of a newly developed oral and maxillofacial surgical robotic platform (KD-SR-01) in head and neck surgery: a preclinical trial in porcine models
Authors: Ma Zhongkai , Guo Zhiyong , Ding Zhangfan , Cao Chang , He Jialu , Tang Heyi , Hua Yufei , Hong Jiawei , Shen Qiang , Lubamba Grace Paka , Wang Xiaoyi , Yang Zheng , Zhu Guiquan , Li Chunjie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTraditional open head and neck surgery often leaves permanent scars, significantly affecting appearance. The emergence of surgical robots has introduced a new era for minimally invasive surgery. However, the complex anatomy of the head and neck region, particularly the oral and maxillofacial areas, combined with the high costs associated with established systems such as the da Vinci, has limited the widespread adoption of surgical robots in this field. Recently, surgical robotic platform in China has developed rapidly, exemplified by the promise shown by the KangDuo Surgical Robot (KD-SR). Although the KD-SR has achieved some results comparable to the da Vinci surgical robot in urology and colorectal surgery, its performance in complex head and neck regions remains untested. This study evaluated the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of the newly developed KD-SR-01, comparing it with standard endoscopic systems in head and neck procedures on porcine models. We performed parotidectomy, submandibular gland resection, and neck dissection, collected baseline characteristics, perioperative data, and specifically assessed cognitive workload using the NASA-TLX. None of the robotic procedures were converted to endoscopic or open surgery. The results showed no significant difference in operation time between the two groups (P = 0.126), better intraoperative bleeding control (P = 0.001), and a significant reduction in cognitive workload (P < 0.001) in the robotic group. In conclusion, the KD-SR-01 is feasible, effective, and safe for head and neck surgery. Further investigation through well-designed clinical trials with long-term follow-up is necessary to establish the full potential of this emerging robotic platform.
Rare histological prostate cancer subtypes: Cancer-specific and other-cause mortality
Authors: Siech Carolin , de Angelis Mario , Jannello Letizia Maria Ippolita , Di Bello Francesco , Rodriguez Peñaranda Natali , Goyal Jordan A. , Tian Zhe , Saad Fred , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Puliatti Stefano , Longo Nicola , de Cobelli Ottavio , Briganti Alberto , Hoeh Benedikt , Mandel Philipp , Kluth Luis A. , Chun Felix K. H. , Karakiewicz Pierre I. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
To assess cancer-specific mortality (CSM) and other-cause mortality (OCM) rates in patients with rare histological prostate cancer subtypes.

Methods
Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004–2020), we applied smoothed cumulative incidence plots and competing risks regression (CRR) models.

Results
Of 827,549 patients, 1510 (0.18%) harbored ductal, 952 (0.12%) neuroendocrine, 462 (0.06%) mucinous, and 95 (0.01%) signet ring cell carcinoma. In the localized stage, five-year CSM vs. OCM rates ranged from 2 vs. 10% in acinar and 3 vs. 8% in mucinous, to 55 vs. 19% in neuroendocrine carcinoma patients. In the locally advanced stage, five-year CSM vs. OCM rates ranged from 5 vs. 6% in acinar, to 14 vs. 16% in ductal, and to 71 vs. 15% in neuroendocrine carcinoma patients. In the metastatic stage, five-year CSM vs. OCM rates ranged from 49 vs. 15% in signet ring cell and 56 vs. 16% in mucinous, to 63 vs. 9% in ductal and 85 vs. 12% in neuroendocrine carcinoma. In multivariable CRR, localized neuroendocrine (HR 3.09), locally advanced neuroendocrine (HR 9.66), locally advanced ductal (HR 2.26), and finally metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma patients (HR 3.57; all p < 0.001) exhibited higher CSM rates relative to acinar adenocarcinoma patients.

Conclusions
Compared to acinar adenocarcinoma, patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma of all stages and locally advanced ductal carcinoma exhibit higher CSM rates. Conversely, CSM rates of mucinous and signet ring cell adenocarcinoma do not differ from those of acinar adenocarcinoma.
Learning to express reward prediction error-like dopaminergic activity requires plastic representations of time
Authors: Cone Ian , Clopath Claudia , Shouval Harel Z. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe dominant theoretical framework to account for reinforcement learning in the brain is temporal difference learning (TD) learning, whereby certain units signal reward prediction errors (RPE). The TD algorithm has been traditionally mapped onto the dopaminergic system, as firing properties of dopamine neurons can resemble RPEs. However, certain predictions of TD learning are inconsistent with experimental results, and previous implementations of the algorithm have made unscalable assumptions regarding stimulus-specific fixed temporal bases. We propose an alternate framework to describe dopamine signaling in the brain, FLEX (Flexibly Learned Errors in Expected Reward). In FLEX, dopamine release is similar, but not identical to RPE, leading to predictions that contrast to those of TD. While FLEX itself is a general theoretical framework, we describe a specific, biophysically plausible implementation, the results of which are consistent with a preponderance of both existing and reanalyzed experimental data.
The type III effector NopL interacts with GmREM1a and GmNFR5 to promote symbiosis in soybean
Authors: Ma Chao , Wang Jinhui , Gao Yongkang , Dong Xulun , Feng Haojie , Yang Mingliang , Yu Yanyu , Liu Chunyan , Wu Xiaoxia , Qi Zhaoming , Mur Luis A. J. , Magne Kévin , Zou Jianan , Hu Zhenbang , Tian Zhixi , Su Chao , Ratet Pascal , Chen Qingshan , Xin Dawei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe establishment of symbiotic interactions between leguminous plants and rhizobia requires complex cellular programming activated by Rhizobium Nod factors (NFs) as well as type III effector (T3E)-mediated symbiotic signaling. However, the mechanisms by which different signals jointly affect symbiosis are still unclear. Here we describe the mechanisms mediating the cross-talk between the broad host range rhizobia Sinorhizobium fredii HH103 T3E Nodulation Outer Protein L (NopL) effector and NF signaling in soybean. NopL physically interacts with the Glycine max Remorin 1a (GmREM1a) and the NFs receptor NFR5 (GmNFR5) and promotes GmNFR5 recruitment by GmREM1a. Furthermore, NopL and NF influence the expression of GmRINRK1, a receptor-like kinase (LRR-RLK) ortholog of the Lotus RINRK1, that mediates NF signaling. Taken together, our work indicates that S. fredii NopL can interact with the NF signaling cascade components to promote the symbiotic interaction in soybean.
Efficient molecular doping of polymeric semiconductors improved by coupled reaction
Authors: Pan Jiahao , Wang Jing , Li Kuncai , Dai Xu , Li Qing , Chong Daotong , Chen Bin , Yan Junjie , Wang Hong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExploring chemical doping method to improve the electrical conductivity of polymers is still very attractive for researchers. In this work, we report a developed method of doping a polymer semiconductor aided by the coupled reaction that commonly exists in biological systems where a non-spontaneous reaction is driven by a spontaneous reaction. During the doping process, the chemical reaction between the dopant and the polymer is promoted by introducing a thermodynamically favorable reaction via adding additives that are highly reactive to the reduction product of the dopant to form a coupled reaction, thus significantly improving the electrical conductivity of polymers by 3–7 orders. This coupled reaction doping process shows the potential of wide applications in exploring efficient doping systems to prepare functional conducting polymers, which could be a powerful tool for modern organic electronics.
A safe, effective and adaptable live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine to reduce disease and transmission using one-to-stop genome modifications
Authors: Schön Jacob , Barut G. Tuba , Trüeb Bettina Salome , Halwe Nico Joel , Berenguer Veiga Inês , Kratzel Annika , Ulrich Lorenz , Kelly Jenna N. , Brügger Melanie , Wylezich Claudia , Taddeo Adriano , Aguiar Moreira Etori , Túrós Demeter , Grau-Roma Llorenç , Ahrens Ann Kathrin , Schlottau Kore , Britzke Tobias , Breithaupt Angele , Corleis Björn , Kochmann Jana , Oliveira Esteves Blandina I. , Almeida Lea , Thomann Lisa , Devisme Christelle , Stalder Hanspeter , Steiner Silvio , Ochsenbein Sarah , Schmied Kimberly , Labroussaa Fabien , Jores Jörg , V’kovski Philip , Cmiljanovic Vladimir , Alves Marco P. , Benarafa Charaf , Ebert Nadine , Hoffmann Donata , Beer Martin , Thiel Volker 
Published: July 2024

AbstractApproved vaccines are effective against severe COVID-19, but broader immunity is needed against new variants and transmission. Therefore, we developed genome-modified live-attenuated vaccines (LAV) by recoding the SARS-CoV-2 genome, including ‘one-to-stop’ (OTS) codons, disabling Nsp1 translational repression and removing ORF6, 7ab and 8 to boost host immune responses, as well as the spike polybasic cleavage site to optimize the safety profile. The resulting OTS-modified SARS-CoV-2 LAVs, designated as OTS-206 and OTS-228, are genetically stable and can be intranasally administered, while being adjustable and sustainable regarding the level of attenuation. OTS-228 exhibits an optimal safety profile in preclinical animal models, with no side effects or detectable transmission. A single-dose vaccination induces a sterilizing immunity in vivo against homologous WT SARS-CoV-2 challenge infection and a broad protection against Omicron BA.2, BA.5 and XBB.1.5, with reduced transmission. Finally, this promising LAV approach could be applicable to other emerging viruses.
Fast-moving stars around an intermediate-mass black hole in ω Centauri
Authors: Häberle Maximilian , Neumayer Nadine , Seth Anil , Bellini Andrea , Libralato Mattia , Baumgardt Holger , Whitaker Matthew , Dumont Antoine , Alfaro-Cuello Mayte , Anderson Jay , Clontz Callie , Kacharov Nikolay , Kamann Sebastian , Feldmeier-Krause Anja , Milone Antonino , Nitschai Maria Selina , Pechetti Renuka , van de Ven Glenn 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBlack holes have been found over a wide range of masses, from stellar remnants with masses of 5–150 solar masses (M☉), to those found at the centres of galaxies with M > 105M☉. However, only a few debated candidate black holes exist between 150M☉ and 105M☉. Determining the population of these intermediate-mass black holes is an important step towards understanding supermassive black hole formation in the early universe1,2. Several studies have claimed the detection of a central black hole in ω Centauri, the most massive globular cluster of the Milky Way3–5. However, these studies have been questioned because of the possible mass contribution of stellar mass black holes, their sensitivity to the cluster centre and the lack of fast-moving stars above the escape velocity6–9. Here we report the observations of seven fast-moving stars in the central 3 arcsec (0.08 pc) of ω Centauri. The velocities of the fast-moving stars are significantly higher than the expected central escape velocity of the star cluster, so their presence can be explained only by being bound to a massive black hole. From the velocities alone, we can infer a firm lower limit of the black hole mass of about 8,200M☉, making this a good case for an intermediate-mass black hole in the local universe.
Emergence of large-scale cell death through ferroptotic trigger waves
Authors: Co Hannah K. C. , Wu Chia-Chou , Lee Yi-Chen , Chen Sheng-hong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLarge-scale cell death is commonly observed during organismal development and in human pathologies1–5. These cell death events extend over great distances to eliminate large populations of cells, raising the question of how cell death can be coordinated in space and time. One mechanism that enables long-range signal transmission is trigger waves6, but how this mechanism might be used for death events in cell populations remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that ferroptosis, an iron- and lipid-peroxidation-dependent form of cell death, can propagate across human cells over long distances (≥5 mm) at constant speeds (around 5.5 μm min−1) through trigger waves of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Chemical and genetic perturbations indicate a primary role of ROS feedback loops (Fenton reaction, NADPH oxidase signalling and glutathione synthesis) in controlling the progression of ferroptotic trigger waves. We show that introducing ferroptotic stress through suppression of cystine uptake activates these ROS feedback loops, converting cellular redox systems from being monostable to being bistable and thereby priming cell populations to become bistable media over which ROS propagate. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ferroptosis and its propagation accompany the massive, yet spatially restricted, cell death events during muscle remodelling of the embryonic avian limb, substantiating its use as a tissue-sculpting strategy during embryogenesis. Our findings highlight the role of ferroptosis in coordinating global cell death events, providing a paradigm for investigating large-scale cell death in embryonic development and human pathologies.
An enterococcal phage-derived enzyme suppresses graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Fujimoto Kosuke , Hayashi Tetsuya , Yamamoto Mako , Sato Noriaki , Shimohigoshi Masaki , Miyaoka Daichi , Yokota Chieko , Watanabe Miki , Hisaki Yuki , Kamei Yukari , Yokoyama Yuki , Yabuno Takato , Hirose Asao , Nakamae Mika , Nakamae Hirohisa , Uematsu Miho , Sato Shintaro , Yamaguchi Kiyoshi , Furukawa Yoichi , Akeda Yukihiro , Hino Masayuki , Imoto Seiya , Uematsu Satoshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChanges in the gut microbiome have pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after allogenic haematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT)1–6. However, effective methods for safely resolving gut dysbiosis have not yet been established. An expansion of the pathogen Enterococcus faecalis in the intestine, associated with dysbiosis, has been shown to be a risk factor for aGVHD7–10. Here we analyse the intestinal microbiome of patients with allo-HCT, and find that E. faecalis escapes elimination and proliferates in the intestine by forming biofilms, rather than by acquiring drug-resistance genes. We isolated cytolysin-positive highly pathogenic E. faecalis from faecal samples and identified an anti-E. faecalis enzyme derived from E. faecalis-specific bacteriophages by analysing bacterial whole-genome sequencing data. The antibacterial enzyme had lytic activity against the biofilm of E. faecalis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, in aGVHD-induced gnotobiotic mice that were colonized with E. faecalis or with patient faecal samples characterized by the domination of Enterococcus, levels of intestinal cytolysin-positive E.faecalis were decreased and survival was significantly increased in the group that was treated with the E. faecalis-specific enzyme, compared with controls. Thus, administration of a phage-derived antibacterial enzyme that is specific to biofilm-forming pathogenic E. faecalis—which is difficult to eliminate with existing antibiotics—might provide an approach to protect against aGVHD.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells control homeostasis of megakaryopoiesis
Authors: Gaertner Florian , Ishikawa-Ankerhold Hellen , Stutte Susanne , Fu Wenwen , Weitz Jutta , Dueck Anne , Nelakuditi Bhavishya , Fumagalli Valeria , van den Heuvel Dominic , Belz Larissa , Sobirova Gulnoza , Zhang Zhe , Titova Anna , Navarro Alejandro Martinez , Pekayvaz Kami , Lorenz Michael , von Baumgarten Louisa , Kranich Jan , Straub Tobias , Popper Bastian , Zheden Vanessa , Kaufmann Walter Anton , Guo Chenglong , Piontek Guido , von Stillfried Saskia , Boor Peter , Colonna Marco , Clauß Sebastian , Schulz Christian , Brocker Thomas , Walzog Barbara , Scheiermann Christoph , Aird William C. , Nerlov Claus , Stark Konstantin , Petzold Tobias , Engelhardt Stefan , Sixt Michael , Hauschild Robert , Rudelius Martina , Oostendorp Robert A. J. , Iannacone Matteo , Heinig Matthias , Massberg Steffen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPlatelet homeostasis is essential for vascular integrity and immune defence1,2. Although the process of platelet formation by fragmenting megakaryocytes (MKs; thrombopoiesis) has been extensively studied, the cellular and molecular mechanisms required to constantly replenish the pool of MKs by their progenitor cells (megakaryopoiesis) remains unclear3,4. Here we use intravital imaging to track the cellular dynamics of megakaryopoiesis over days. We identify plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) as homeostatic sensors that monitor the bone marrow for apoptotic MKs and deliver IFNα to the MK niche triggering local on-demand proliferation and maturation of MK progenitors. This pDC-dependent feedback loop is crucial for MK and platelet homeostasis at steady state and under stress. pDCs are best known for their ability to function as vigilant detectors of viral infection5. We show that virus-induced activation of pDCs interferes with their function as homeostatic sensors of megakaryopoiesis. Consequently, activation of pDCs by SARS-CoV-2 leads to excessive megakaryopoiesis. Together, we identify a pDC-dependent homeostatic circuit that involves innate immune sensing and demand-adapted release of inflammatory mediators to maintain homeostasis of the megakaryocytic lineage.
Silencing CK19 regulates ferroptosis by affecting the expression of GPX4 and ACSL4 in oral squamous cell carcinoma in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Rao Yong , Li Jingying , Shi Lijuan , Chen Xiao , Hu Yun , Mao Yalin , Zhang Xiaoyan , Liu Xuqian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo analyze the mechanism of how interfering with the cytokeratin 19 (CK19) pathway via the ferroptosis pathway affects tumor biological behaviors in the process of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) development. TCGA was used to analyze the expression of CK19 in pan-cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) and to explore the ferroptosis-related genes related to HNSC. The effect of silencing CK19 on the migration ability of HSC-4 cells was verified by wound healing and migration assay. HSC-4 cells with silencing of CK19 and tumor-bearing nude mouse model were constructed. RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence and western blot were used to analyze the expression of ferroptosis-related genes. CK19 is highly expressed in human OSCC and nude mice. The migration ability of cells in the CK19-silenced group was lower than that of the control group. In vivo and in vitro, CK19 was negatively correlated with the expression of ACSL4 and positively correlated with the expression of GPX4. Compared with the control group, GPX4 expression was down-regulated and ACSL4 expression was up-regulated in the CK19-silenced group. Silencing CK19 also increased intracellular Fe2+ content and MDA content. Silencing CK19 can affect the expression of GPX4 and ACSL4 to regulate ferroptosis and at the same time increase the content of MDA, Fe2+ and ROS levels, thereby activating the regulation of ferroptosis pathway in the development of OSCC.
Retinal hyperspectral imaging in mouse models of Parkinson’s disease and healthy aging
Authors: Trlin Paul , Gong Jenny , Tran Katie K. N. , Wong Vickie H. Y. , Lee Pei Ying , Hoang Anh , Zhao Da , Beauchamp Leah C. , Lim Jeremiah K. H. , Metha Andrew , Barnham Kevin J. , Finkelstein David I. , Bui Bang V. , Bedggood Phillip , Nguyen Christine T. O. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRetinal hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a non-invasive in vivo approach that has shown promise in Alzheimer’s disease. Parkinson’s disease is another neurodegenerative disease where brain pathobiology such as alpha-synuclein and iron overaccumulation have been implicated in the retina. However, it remains unknown whether HSI is altered in in vivo models of Parkinson’s disease, whether it differs from healthy aging, and the mechanisms which drive these changes. To address this, we conducted HSI in two mouse models of Parkinson’s disease across different ages; an alpha-synuclein overaccumulation model (hA53T transgenic line M83, A53T) and an iron deposition model (Tau knock out, TauKO). In comparison to wild-type littermates the A53T and TauKO mice both demonstrated increased reflectivity at short wavelengths ~ 450 to 600 nm. In contrast, healthy aging in three background strains exhibited the opposite effect, a decreased reflectance in the short wavelength spectrum. We also demonstrate that the Parkinson’s hyperspectral signature is similar to that from an Alzheimer’s disease model, 5xFAD mice. Multivariate analyses of HSI were significant when plotted against age. Moreover, when alpha-synuclein, iron or retinal nerve fibre layer thickness were added as a cofactor this improved the R2 values of the correlations in certain groups. This study demonstrates an in vivo hyperspectral signature in Parkinson’s disease that is consistent in two mouse models and is distinct from healthy aging. There is also a suggestion that factors including retinal deposition of alpha-synuclein and iron may play a role in driving the Parkinson’s disease hyperspectral profile and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in advanced aging. These findings suggest that HSI may be a promising translation tool in Parkinson’s disease.