bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risonanza magnetica funzionale dell'encefalo in pazienti candidati ad intervento chirurgico con guida stereotassica
Authors: Ukmar M. , Zanier F. , Longo R. , Rossi M. , Skrap M. , Pozzi-Mucelli R.S. 
Published: April 2015

Negli ultimi anni la risonanza magnetica funzionale dell'encefalo (fMRI) si è proposta con successo nello studio dell'attività encefalica durante lo svolgimento di determinate funzioni. Si è inoltre delineato per essa un ruolo paricolarmente interessante nell'ambito della pianificazione preoperatoria di pazienti destinati ad un intervento chirurgico in sedi encefaliche critiche, ovvero ad alto rischio di invalidtà postoperatoria. Il presente lavoro mira alla realizzazione di mappe di attivazione motoria in pazienti con lesioni occupanti spazio nell'encefalo mediante un tomografo a 1,5 T di non recentissima tecnologia; successivamente si è voluto valutare l'informatività di tali mappe, sia dal punto di vista neurochirurgico sia dal punto di vista neurofisiologico. Sono stati presi in esame 5 pazienti, tutti portatori di una lesione occupante spazio in prossimità della corteccia perirolandica e tutti destinati ad un intervento chirurgico in stereotassi per l'asportazione di tale lesione. I pazienti venivano sottoposti in un'unica seduta allo studio funzionale e morfologico dell'encefalo con il casco stereotassico in sede. Lo studio di fMRI si è svolto su uno o massimo due piani assiali orientati ortogonalmente al decorso della scissura di Rolando. Esso prevedeva come prova di attivazione il movimento della mano controlaterale all'emisfero con la lesione da asportare. In un paziente la funzione motoria è stata studiata anche intraoperatoriamente mediante la stimolazione elettrica della corteccia cerebrale. In 4 pazienti si è avuta una netta rappresentazione della corteccia sensitivo-motoria di tale emisfero. In 3 di essi si è vista inoltre un'attivazione dell'emisfero opposto, ipsilaterale alla mano in movimento. Altre zone di attivazione visualizzate nei nostri studi sono state messe in relazione con l'area motoria supplementare (3 pazienti) e l'area premotoria (2 pazienti). Nel paziente in cui si è proceduto intraoperatoriamente con la stimolazione elettrica della corteccia cerebrale è stata riscontrata una buona concordanza tra lo studio elettrofisiologico e l'indagine di fMRI. Analizzando i risultati da noi conseguiti possiamo concludere che anche un tomografo a 1,5 T di tipo convenzionale si presta ad un'indagine di fMRI in pazienti con lesioni encefaliche. Le mappe di attivazione realizzate su uno o due piani assiali sono in grado di fornire delle informazioni sui rapporti tra la lesione da asportare e la corteccia sensitivo-motoria, in particolare l'area della mano. Ciò ha notevoli implicazioni dal punto di vista neurochirurgico, considerando quanto sia importante la salvaguardia dell'integrità funzionale del soggetto che si sottopone ad un intervento neurochirurgico in una sede critica come la corteccia perirolandica.
Fistola vertebro-giugulare
Authors: Tecame S. , Taliercio G. , Spena M. , Maglione F. , Caranci F. 
Published: April 2015

Le fistole artero-venose vertebrali sono lesioni rare, generalmente secondarie a traumi, definite dalla presenza di una comunicazione anomala tra l'arteria vertebrale, o un suo ramo, ed una vena adiacente. L'embolizzazione trans-arteriosa con palloncini staccabili è diventata il principale trattamento di elezione delle fistole artero-venose post-traumatiche. Comunque, in qualche caso, questo approccio può risultare difficile se la fistola appare associata a formazioni pseduoaneurismatiche. In questi casi l'embolizzazione con spirali può essere una valida alternativa. Viene qui presentato un caso di fistola vertebro-giugulare post-traumatica trattata con palloncino staccabile e spirali dopo endoprotesi della vena a protezione del sistema venoso.
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
Authors: Roncallo F. , Murialdo A. , Gazzola P. , Inglese M. , Bisio N. , Arena E. , Bartolini A. 
Published: April 2015

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system usually developing in close temporal relationship to an infective illness or vaccination. This paper presents clinical, cerebrospinal fluid and MRI findings in ADEM and discusses the role of the MRI in the distinction of ADEM and MS. We reviewed the medical records, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and MRI studies of six consecutive patients diagnosed as having ADEM during a three-year period. All patients had CSF, including electrophoresis for demonstration of oligoclonal bands, and MRI studies in the acute stage; five patients repeated these examinations in the subacute and chronic stages. Four patients had clinical evidence of a multifocal neurological syndrome. In the two other cases there was clinical evidence only of transverse myelitis. The CSF was abnormal in all cases and showed a mild increase in cell count and protein. IgG synthesis and myelin basic protein were present in three patients. MRI was abnormal in all six patients in the acute stage of the illness. In five cases there were some features of the distribution of the lesions which differed from those usually seen in MS. One showed extensive asymmetric bilateral changes; two had high signal lesions in the basal ganglia and thalamus; two demonstrated a tumour-like mass. One patient died one week after clinical onset and the pathologic findings showed an acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis. One patient demonstrated a recurrent MRI pattern of diffuse periventricular white matter lesions, after an abrupt end of corticosteroid treatment. Five patients demonstrated a marked decrease in the size and number of the lesions after steroid treatment; no new lesions were identified. The CNS white matter may be affected by inflammatory demyelinating disorders, including ADEM, that cause clinical diagnostic difficulty with MS. MS and ADEM may be indistinguishable in the acute phase. The clinical course of the disease together with the follow-up MRI will distinguish one entity from the other. Long-term follow-up disclosing newly appearing symptoms and lesions is against the diagnosis of ADEM, because this entity is typically a monophasic disease, unlike MS that usually has a releasing and relapsing course.
Lesioni osteodurali lombosacrali nella neurofibromatosi di von Recklinghausen
Authors: Muras I. , Scuotto A. , Conforti R. , Bernini F.P. 
Published: April 2015

Il morbo di Recklinghausen è una facomatosi a trasmissione autosomica dominante caratterizzata dalle macchie cutanee color “caffè-latte” e dai neurofibromi. A queste manifestazioni possono associarsi lesioni tumorali del sistema nervoso ed alterazioni scheletriche. Anomalie osteodurali, specie se localizzate a livello lombosacrale, sono invece rare. Gli autori, pertanto, presentano 10 casi di Recklinghausen con anomalie osteodurali lombo-sacrali selezionati dalla classifica degli ultimi dodici anni. I pazienti di più vecchia data sono stati studiati con esame diretto e stratigrafico della colonna seguito da mielografia; quelli più recenti con TC, mielo-TC e RM. Vengono discusse le ipotesi patogenetiche delle suddette alterazioni, i quadri diagnostici e le indicazioni terapeutiche, anche alla luce della revisione della letteratura.
Helical CT with Virtual Endoscopy of a Laryngeal Chondroma
Authors: Roncallo F. , Turtulici I. , Bonaldo E. , Bisio N. , Barbieri M. , Bartolini A. 
Published: April 2015

A 65-year-old man had hoarseness and dyspnea. A CT scan showed a cartilaginous tumour of the subglottic larynx appearing as a submucosal calcified neck mass with cartilaginous matrix extending into the airway. Chondromas and chondrosarcomas are rare, accounting for less than 1% of all laryngeal neoplasms. The distinction between chondromas and chondrosarcomas is a histologic diagnosis that may be difficult, particularly in well differentiated neoplasms. Often tumours initially reported as chondromas have recurred as low-grade chondrosarcomas. On direct laryngoscopy, cartilaginous tumours of the larynx are usually submucosal and are covered by intact laryngeal mucosa. The intact mucosa was identified on CT scans in this case. Radiographic examinations are useful, and coarse calcification is identified on plain films in most cases. CT is useful in assessing the tumour's origin and extension and is more sensitive that plain films in identifying the characteristic calcifications. In the absence of metastasis, radiographic investigation is unable to differentiate benign chondroma from low-grade chondrosarcomas. Surgery is the treatment of choice for laryngeal chondromas and chondrosarcomas. Radio- and chemotherapy have in general been ineffective.
Cerebral Aneurysms Missed by the First Angiographic Study in Subarachnoid Hemorrhages
Authors: Bradač G.B. , Bergui M. , Ferrio M.F. , Fontanella M. , Stura G. 
Published: April 2015

Angiograms were negative, in 81 out of 551 patients with spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), in whom an aneurysm was suspected, the angiogram was negative. One to 4 weeks later 51 patients were submitted to a second angiogram, which revealed an aneurysm in 6 cases. Three of these patients had a second hemorrhage. In all cases diffuse bleeding with involvement of the fronto-basal interhemispheric fissure was present on CT. Four aneurysms were of the Anterior Communicans Artery (ACoA), and 2 of the carotid siphon. The reason for the false negative angiograms and the usefulness of a control angiogram are discussed.
Endovascular Treatment in 86 Cases of Recently Bled Aneurysms
Authors: Lemme-Plaghos L.A. , Ceciliano A.L. , Garbugino S.L. 
Published: April 2015

We therefore analysed retrospectively our series of 86 single aneurysm cases treated within 14 days of haemorrhage, comparing the final outcome of those patients treated during the first three days (rebleedings period) and those in the following ten days (vasospasm period). This series shows that GDC occlusion of recently bled aneurysms even in early stages of SAH significantly diminishes the rebleeding rate as previously reported with surgery and endovascular treatments. The long-term clinical outcome observed in our patients seems to be related more to the initial clinical condition than to an early endovascular procedure.
Intracranial Aneurysms with Third Nerve Palsy
Authors: Guelbenzu S. , Barrena R. , Asensio S. Garcia , Gaya A. , Mur C. Garcia , Mazas L. 
Published: April 2015

To present our experience of embolization for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms with third nerve palsy, we analyzed 15 patients with posterior communicating artery aneurysms presenting third nerve palsy. Nine had subaracnoid hemorrhage. In all of them a packing of aneurysm with different types of coils was performed. We employed in 4 cases coils with fibers, in 4 tungsten spirals and in 7 cases GDC coils. Most posterior communicating artery aneurysms are bilobulated. We have tried to pack and close the first lobulation of aneurysm and so we tried to deposit the less coils than possible. The mean time of recovery was 2.5 months: 1–5 months if the aneurysm was packed only in its first lobule and 3 months if the technical difficulties forced complete packing of the aneurysm. Although this is not a large series, it is significant and shows that the excellent recovery in all cases does not contraindicate aneurysm embolization with coils in patients with third nerve palsy. The bilobulated aneurysms in which we packed the first lobulation completely have a faster recovery.
Evaluation of Fetal Central Nervous System Abnormalities with Ultrafast MRI
Authors: Levine D. , Barnes P.D. , Madsen J. , Hulka C. , Edelman R.R. 
Published: April 2015

Central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities affect approximately 6000 neonates each year in the United States. The standard prenatal approach for evaluating these anomalies is ultrasonography (US). However, the sonographic evaluation of the fetal CNS is limited. 41 fetuses with suspected abnormal central nervous system (CNS) underwent prenatal MRI. In each case MR allowed for visualization of the region of suspected abnormality. MR added additional information to that provided by ultrasound in 28 cases. When a CNS anomaly is detected by US, then MR may demonstrate additional findings which alter patient counseling and management.
Analysis of Hemodynamics by MR-Angio and Embolization of Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome: Five Year Follow-up
Authors: Orszagh M. , Schulte D.M. , Korinthenberg R. , Schumacher M. 
Published: April 2015

A newborn male child was admitted with hypoxemia, high output failure, hypertrophic right lower limb with a segmental pink naevus flammeus, lymphatic edema, subcutaneous varices and multiple arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) spinal and pelvine; findings of the Klippel-Trenaunay- / Parkes-Weber-Overlap Syndrom (KTW). Because of a threatening right heart insufficiency caused by the shuntvolume, the child was embolized as early as 5 months of age. In the course of 5 years, a total of 17 spinal and pelvic feeding arteries were occluded in 6 sessions using Histoacryl, Platincoils or Ethibloc. The low weight of the child's body (4.3 kg) and cardiac insufficiency (CI) limited the amount of contrast agent and fluid. To reduce the amount of contrast agent used for diagnostic purposes we analyzed the pathological hemodynamics by magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Within 5 years normal bodily development took place with no sings of exponential growth of the affected leg. We understand the “newly formed” fistulae in the current angiography as a local hemodynamic activation of persistent primitive arteriovenous communication caused by mesodermal disturbances, the degree of which correlate with the prognosis.
Laryngeal Carcinomas: CT Appearance after Radiation Therapy
Authors: Roncallo F. , Turtulici I. , Bisio N. , Bartolini A. 
Published: April 2015

Current treatment of head and and neck carcinomas includes also Radiation Therapy (RT). Control with RT allows the patient to retain a functioning organ in cases in which surgical cure may require an extensive demolition. Consequently a growing number of selected patients are treated with RT. To evaluate the CT appearance of laryngeal carcinomas treated with RT and the ability of Computed Tomography (CT) to differentiate persistent or residual tumor from radio-induced changes of soft tissues. Pre- and post-treatment CT examinations (n = 325) of 132 patients with primary laryngeal cancers treated with RT (4500–7500 cGy) were retrospectively evaluated. We subdivide the patients in three groups on the basis of the differences in the CT appearance of the primary tumors treated with RT 1) Responders (42): complete resolution of tumor or reduction in tumor size = or > 75%; 2) Non-Responders (55): persistent tumor or residual mass with reduction in tumor size — or < 50%. 3) Partial Responders (35): persistent residual mass with reduction in tumor size from 50% to 75% or persistent asimmetry of the mucosal surface. There are some points to analyse in the interpretation of CT imaging of post-treated head and neck region: 1) Transient changes of irradiated soft tissues are more prominent during the first three month after RT. 2) Persistent changes are subgrouped in: a) Superficial (skin and platysmal thickening, reticulation of subcutaneous fat); b) Glandular (major salivary glands adenitis and fatty degeneration); c) Deep (reticulation and fibrous degeneration of anterior and posterior cervical and perivascular fat); d) Visceral (increased en-hancement of the pharyngeal mucosa and thickening of posterior pharyngeal wall, epiglottis, aryepiglottic folds, false vocal cords, anterior and posterior commissures, subglottic larynx, increased attenuation of paralaryngeal fat). 3) Progressive arytenoid cartilage sclerosis is indicative of a poor outcome. 4) The patients of the third group may be followed also with seriated CT, because they have a significant percentage of recurrence.
Dynamic Gadolinium-Enhanced MR Imaging of Recurrent Inverted Papilloma
Authors: Lai P.-H. , Pan H.-B. , Yang C.-F. , Wu M.-T. , Chu S.-T. , Ger L.-P. 
Published: April 2015

To evaluate the usefulness of dynamic Gd-enhanced MR imaging in distinguishing recurrent inverted papilloma (IP) from postoperative changes. Ten patients with 13 surgical proved lesions were examined. T1-weighted (pre- and postcontrast), proton-density, and T2-weighted spin-echo images were evaluated. A total of nine dynamic FSE (fast spin-echo) images were obtained at 0, 5, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 300 seconds after bolus Gd-DTPA injection. Signal-time curves were obtained from dynamic scan. Reading of the T2-weighted images yielded a sensitivity of 75%, a specificity of 80%, and an accuracy of 77%. The contrast T1-weighted studies yielded a sensitivity of 63%, a specificity of 60%, and an accuracy of 67%. With a relative signal increase (RSI) of 2.0 or higher, a 60-second imaging time provided the sensitivity of 87% for the detection of recurrence and a specificity of 80%. There were significant differences in the RSI at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 seconds (P < 0.01) between recurrent tumor and postoperative changes. Dynamic MR imaging can increase the diagnostic accuracy in the local recurrence of IP, and help differentiate recurrence and postoperative changes.
Epithelioid Hemangioma and Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma
Authors: Rissé N. , Hagen T. , Jacobs G. , Romeike B. , Piepgras U. 
Published: April 2015

55% of all tumorous intraspinal CNS-lesions are found extradurally. Epithelioid hemangiomas (EH) and epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas (EHE) are rare vascular formations of mesenchymal origin which occur in the skin, all parenchymal organs and also infrequently in vertebral bodies. This case report describes the morphological findings in CT, MR and angiography in correlation to the histopathological examination in 3 patients and their clinical course. Patient 1: 76 yr., progressive paraplegia, initial diagnosis: hemangioma T8 with intraspinal portions. Partial resection and histopathological diagnosis EH; embolisation and re-operation with complete resection. Patient 2: 56 yr., ataxia, initial diagnosis: metastasis with osteolytic destruction T2 and intraspinal tumor. Complete resection, histopathological diagnosis: EH. Patient 3: 71 yr., osteolytic destruction T2, initial diagnosis: metastasis/tonsillary carcinoma. Complete resection, histopathological diagnosis: EHE. CT generally reveals osteolytic and soft tissue signs but MR (T1- and T2-weighted, contrast media uptake) presents varying results. EH and EHE as possibly malignant structures cannot be differentiated radiologically from each other and other vascularized masses. Embolisation prior to complete resection is helpful. EHE can furthermore metastasize lymphatically.
Regulation of thrombosis and vascular function by protein methionine oxidation
Authors: Gu Sean X. , Stevens Jeff W. , Lentz Steven R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRedox biology is fundamental to both normal cellular homeostasis and pathological states associated with excessive oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species function not only as signaling molecules but also as redox regulators of protein function. In the vascular system, redox reactions help regulate key physiologic responses such as cell adhesion, vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, angiogenesis, inflammatory gene expression, and apoptosis. During pathologic states, altered redox balance can cause vascular cell dysfunction and affect the equilibrium between procoagulant and anticoagulant systems, contributing to thrombotic vascular disease. This review focuses on the emerging role of a specific reversible redox reaction, protein methionine oxidation, in vascular disease and thrombosis. A growing number of cardiovascular and hemostatic proteins are recognized to undergo reversible methionine oxidation, in which methionine residues are posttranslationally oxidized to methionine sulfoxide. Protein methionine oxidation can be reversed by the action of stereospecific enzymes known as methionine sulfoxide reductases. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is a prototypical methionine redox sensor that responds to changes in the intracellular redox state via reversible oxidation of tandem methionine residues in its regulatory domain. Several other proteins with oxidation-sensitive methionine residues, including apolipoprotein A-I, thrombomodulin, and von Willebrand factor, may contribute to vascular disease and thrombosis.
Tension-type headache associated with obstructive sleep apnea: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Chiu Yu-Chwen , Hu Hsiao-Yun , Lee Fei-Peng , Huang Hung-Meng 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Background
There is still controversy regarding the association between primary headaches and obstructive sleep apnea. We explored the relationship between tension-type headache (TTH) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using a large nationwide population-based data set in Taiwan.

Methods
We identified 4759 patients diagnosed with OSA from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, based on polysomnography, as the OSA group. We then randomly selected 19036 subjects without OSA, matched by sex and age, to serve as the non-OSA group. The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model with matching for age and sex was used to assess the possible associations between TTH and OSA among the patients.

Results
The prevalence of TTH was 10.2% among OSA patients and 7.7% among non-OSA patients (p < 0.001). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed patients with OSA were more likely to have TTH (hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.06–1.31) (p = 0.003) than patients in the non-OSA group.

Conclusion
Patients with OSA had a higher likelihood of developing TTH than patients in the non-OSA group. Further studies of physiological patterns between OSA and TTH are needed to confirm the study findings.
Structural modulation of silicon nanowires by combining a high gas flow rate with metal catalysts
Authors: Seo Dongjea , Lee Jaejun , Kim Sung Wook , Kim Ilsoo , Na Jukwan , Hong Min-Ho , Choi Heon-Jin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe grew silicon nanowires (SiNWs) by a vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism using metal catalysts of gold (Au), titanium (Ti), manganese (Mn), and iron (Fe) under a high flow rate of hydrogen (H2). This combination of catalyst types and high gas flow rate revealed the potential for growing various SiNWs, including kinked SiNWs (with Au), ultra-thin SiNWs having diameters about 5 nm (with Ti), rough-surfaced SiNWs (with Mn), and ribbon-shaped SiNWs tens of microns in width (with Fe). The high flow rate of gas affects the VLS mechanism differently for each combination; for example, it induces an unstable solid-liquid interfaces (with Au), active etching of the catalyst (with Ti), sidewall deposition by a vapor-solid (VS) mechanism, and an asymmetric precipitation of Si in the catalyst (with Fe). Our combinatorial approach may provide a new path for the structural modulation of SiNWs via the VLS mechanism.PACS:80; 81; 82