bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phosphine‐Initiated Domino Reaction: A Convenient Method for the Preparation of Spirocyclopentanones
Authors: Liang Ling , Li Erqing , Xie Peizhong , Huang You 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAn efficient synthetic approach has been developed for the construction of the spirocyclopentanone skeleton via a phosphine‐catalyzed [3+2] annulation reaction. With this novel and economical protocol, various quaternary carbon‐centered spirocyclopentanones could be readily obtained.
Dämmstoffe – innovativ, nachhaltig, effizient
Authors: Holm Andreas H. , Sprengard Christoph , Treml Sebastian 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDie energetische Sanierung im Gebäudebereich ist die Voraussetzung zur Reduzierung des Energieverbrauchs in Deutschland. Durch eine Beschreibung aktueller Innovationen in Bezug auf die eingesetzten Dämmstoffe, die ökologischen und ökonomischen Aspekte sowie eine realistische und bauteilbezogene Abschätzung des Einsparpotentials bei Sanierungsmaßnahmen im Bestand wird dies verdeutlicht. Betrachtet man das Einsparpotential der Gebäudesanierung, so wird klar, dass die energetische Sanierung des Gebäudebestands ein unverzichtbarer Baustein der Energiewende ist.Innovative insulation materials for sustainability and energy efficiency in the building sector. The energetically restoration in the building sector is a prerequisite for reducing energy consumption in Germany. This is brought out through a description of the latest innovations in terms of insulation materials used, the environmental and economic aspects as well as a realistic estimate of the energy saving potential of substituted building components. The energy efficient restoration of existing buildings is an essential component of the energy transition.
Zur Messung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit feuchter Stoffe
Authors: Gertis Karl , Holm Andreas 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDie Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Baustoffen hängt von einer Vielzahl von Einflussgrößen ab, über die ebenfalls eine Vielzahl von Publikationen erschienen ist. Die wohl gründlichste und sachkundigste Zusammenstellung all dieser Einflüsse ist von W. F. Cammerer [1] gegeben worden. Man beschäftigt sich fast schon 100 Jahre mit der Problematik des Feuchteeinflusses. Trotzdem sind die Abläufe und Wirkungszusammenhänge bei der Wärmeleitung, wenn gleichzeitig Feuchte vorhanden ist, bis heute nicht wirklich geklärt. Das liegt daran, dass die Gesetzmäßigkeiten des gekoppelten instationären Transportes von Wärme und Wasser, das sich in den Poren des Stoffes in Bewegung setzt, sobald ein Temperaturgefälle anliegt, erst in den letzten Jahrzehnten durch numerische Ansätze mittels Computerberechnung präziser behandelt werden können. Die für die Berechnung nötigen Stoffwerte sind ebenfalls erst in den letzten Jahren komplettiert worden. Man kann jetzt das schon lange bekannte Problem mit besseren Ansätzen angehen, z. B., indem die in den Wärmeleitfähigkeits‐Apparaturen während der Messung auftretenden Feuchtewanderungsprozesse theoretisch nachgebildet werden. Daraus lässt sich dann auch der Feuchteeinfluss ableiten, der aufgrund der anwesenden und sich während der Messung verlagernden Feuchte entsteht.On the measurement of thermal conductivity of humid substances. The thermal conductivity of building materials depends on a wide range of influencing variables, and a large number of articles have been published. The most thorough and knowledgeable compilation of these influences have probably been collected by W. F. Cammerer [1]. There has been a focus on the problem of moisture influence for nearly a hundred years. Until today the processes and correlating effects of thermal conductivity with simultaneous presence of dampness have not become fully clear. The reason for this is that the laws of coupled transient transportation of heat and water, which starts in the pores of the substance as soon as there is a thermal gradient, have only been treated in a more precise way in the last century. Also the properties necessary for calculation have only been completed recently. This allows a much better approach to the problem well known for a long time. This shall be demonstrated in the present study by theoretically reproducing, in the thermal conductivity apparatus, the moisture migration process during measurement. Thus, it is possible to work out the effects of moisture resulting from the dampness already present and the one which results from the moisture shifting during measurement.
Schallschutz und akustische Wirkweise bei mehrlagigen textilen Fassadensystemen
Authors: Schmid Fabian , Haase Walter , Sobek Werner , Veres Eva , Mehra Schew‐Ram , Sedlbauer Klaus 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDas Leitbild einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung ist inzwischen auch im Bauwesen von großer Bedeutung. Die Bautechnik und die Baukonstruktion entwickeln sich entsprechend diesem Trend weiter. Lösungen, die energie‐, ressourcen‐ und massesparend sind, müssen sich in dichten, lärmbelasteten urbanen Räumen bewähren. An den Gebäudehüllen als Schnittstelle zwischen Innen‐ und Außenräumen entstehen so in besonderer Weise Spannungsfelder. Fassaden‐ und Dachsysteme müssen dabei unterschiedlichsten Anforderungen gerecht werden.Das Konzept der adaptiven mehrlagigen textilen Gebäudehüllen als Fassadensystemlösung, welches am Institut für Leichtbau Entwerfen und Konstruieren (ILEK) entwickelt wurde, versucht diese vielfältigen Anforderungen durch eine äußerst masse‐ und ressourcensparende Lösung zu erfüllen. Die nun in Kooperation mit dem Lehrstuhl für Bauphysik (LBP) durchgeführte Untersuchung konzentrierte sich auf eine Bewertung der akustischen Wirkweise dieser textilen Fassadensysteme und auf eine mögliche Weiterentwicklung des Gesamtkonzeptes. Insbesondere die Aspekte des Schallschutzes und der Raumakustik sind aufgrund der fehlenden Masse bei textilen Gebäudehüllen, der kognitiven Relevanz der akustischen Wahrnehmung und der sich abzeichnenden städtebaulichen Entwicklungstendenzen für die Weiterentwicklung und Anwendung solcher leichten Fassadensysteme relevant.Noise protection and acoustic behaviour of multi‐layer textile façade systems. The guiding principle of a sustainable development is nowadays also in the building industry of great importance. Building technology and construction continue to evolve according to this trend. Solutions that are energy, resource and mass saving must prove themselves in dense, noise‐polluted urban areas. Contradictions result especially at the building envelopes, as they are the interface between interior and exterior spaces. Thereby façade and roof systems have to satisfy varying needs.The concept of an adaptive multi‐layer textile building envelope as a façade solution was developed at the Institute for Lightweight Structures and Conceptual Design (ILEK) in order to satisfy these diverse requirements with a highly mass and resource saving solution. The study conducted together with the Dept. of Building Physics (LBP) focused on the investigation of the acoustic behaviour of these textile façade systems and on potentials to further improve the over‐all concept. The aspects of sound insulation and room acoustics are relevant in particular for the advancement and application of such lightweight façade systems due to the missing mass, the cognitive relevance of acoustic perception and the emerging trends in the urban development.
Techno‐economic analysis of co‐located corn grain and corn stover ethanol plants
Authors: Ou Longwen , Brown Tristan R. , Thilakaratne Rajeeva , Hu Guiping , Brown Robert C. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to evaluate the economic performance of co‐located corn grain ethanol (Gen 1) and cellulosic ethanol (Gen 2) facilities. We present six scenarios to evaluate the impact of stover‐to‐grain mass (SGM) ratios on overall minimum ethanol selling price (MESP). For the Gen 1 plant, MESP is $3.18/ gasoline gallon equivalent (GGE) while for the Gen 2 plant it is $5.64/GGE. Co‐located Gen 1 and Gen 2 plants operating at the lowest SGM ratio of 0.4 generates the lowest overall MESP of $3.73/GGE as well as the highest MESP for cellulosic ethanol of $7.85/GGE. Co‐located plants operating at the highest SGM ratio of 1.0 achieve the highest overall MESP of $3.94/GGE as well as the lowest MESP for cellulosic ethanol of $5.47/GGE. Sensitivity analysis shows that the prices of feedstocks have the greatest impact on the overall MESP. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
How authenticity and self‐directedness and student perceptions thereof predict competence development in hands‐on simulations
Authors: Khaled Anne , Gulikers Judith , Biemans Harm , Mulder Martin 
Published: February 2014

Hands‐on simulations are increasingly used in vocational oriented curricula to create meaningful, occupation‐related learning experiences. However, more insight is required about precisely what characteristics in hands‐on simulations enhance outcomes that students need for their future occupation, such as competencies. This study aims to examine how constructivist pedagogical–didactic design principles affect competence development of senior vocational education and professionally oriented bachelor's degree students in a wide range of hands‐on simulations. For this purpose, 23 hands‐on simulations were studied. Teachers rated the degree of authenticity and self‐directedness of the hands‐on simulations. Student perceptions (N = 516) of value, authenticity and self‐directedness (operationalized as choice), as well as their competence development, were gathered using questionnaires. The results of the hierarchical regression analyses showed that: (1) authenticity and self‐directedness did not automatically lead to more competence development; and (2) student perceptions of perceived value, authenticity and choice of how to perform tasks were the main predictors of competence development in the simulations. Nonetheless, the additional mediation analyses suggest that it is still important for teachers to invest in learning activities that stimulate self‐directedness as these activities indirectly predicted competence development, through student perceptions. Several reasons for the results are discussed, among them the mismatch between teachers and students of what was considered authentic, complexity of the simulations, the teacher's role as facilitator instead of activator and the lack of choice possibilities. Ideas for future research, as well as practical implications concerning designing and implementing hands‐on simulations for fostering competence development, are suggested.
Study on constant–step stress accelerated life tests in white organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Zhang J. P. , Liu C. , Chen X. , Cheng G. L. , Zhou A. X. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn order to obtain reliability information for a white organic light‐emitting diode (OLED), two constant and one step stress tests were conducted with its working current increased. The Weibull function was applied to describe the OLED life distribution, and the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) and its iterative flow chart were used to calculate shape and scale parameters. Furthermore, the accelerated life equation was determined using the least squares method, a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was performed to assess if the white OLED life follows a Weibull distribution, and self‐developed software was used to predict the average and the median lifetimes of the OLED. The numerical results indicate that white OLED life conforms to a Weibull distribution, and that the accelerated life equation completely satisfies the inverse power law. The estimated life of a white OLED may provide significant guidelines for its manufacturers and customers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liver retraction using n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate glue during single-incision laparoscopic upper abdominal surgery
Authors: Wu S , Yu H , Fan Y , Kong J , Yu X 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Liver retraction is critical in single-incision laparoscopic upper abdominal surgery. Several techniques have been reported. Some need an additional port, whereas others are complicated and time-consuming.

Methods
n-Butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) glue was applied to bond the left lateral lobe of the liver to the diaphragm in different single-incision laparoscopic upper abdominal procedures. Liver adhesion time and duration of operation were recorded, and preoperative and postoperative liver function tests carried out.

Results
All procedures were completed successfully without additional ports or special instruments. The technique provided adequate workspace and a clear view. Mean liver adhesion time was 1·5 min. The maximum operating time was 310 min. Levels of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were raised on day 1 after surgery but had returned to normal by day 7.

Conclusion
Creating adhesion between the left lateral lobe of the liver and the diaphragm using NBCA glue is a simple, safe and effective way of achieving liver retraction in single-incision laparoscopic upper abdominal surgery.
Mapping a mutation in Caenorhabditis elegans using a polymerase chain reaction‐based approach
Authors: Myers Edith M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMany single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified within the Caenorhabditis elegans genome. SNPs present in the genomes of two isogenic C. elegans strains have been routinely used as a tool in forward genetics to map a mutation to a particular chromosome. This article describes a laboratory exercise in which undergraduate students use molecular biological techniques to map a mutation to a chromosome using a set of SNPs. Through this multi‐week exercise, students perform genetic crosses, DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction, restriction enzyme digests, agarose gel electrophoresis, and analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Students then analyze their results to deduce the chromosomal location of the mutation. Students also use bioinformatics websites to develop hypotheses that link the genotype to the phenotype. © 2014 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 42(3):XXXXX–XXXXX, 2014.
High‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for quantification of endothelin receptor antagonist drug, ambrisentan, in human plasma and its application in a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Lukram Ojit Kumar , Sharma Ramkishor 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA simple and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method has been developed for the quantification of ambrisentan (AMB) in human plasma using midazolam (MID) as an internal standard (IS). Chromatographic separation was performed using a Beta Basic‐8 (50 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) column with an isocratic mobile phase. AMB and MID were detected with proton adducts at m/z 379.09 → 303.12 and 326.15 → 291.14 in multiple reaction monitoring‐positive mode, respectively. A solid‐phase extraction method was used for extraction of the analyte and IS from the plasma samples. The method was shown to be reproducible and reliable with within‐run precision <11%, between‐run precision <14% and linear concentration range from 10.0 to 2000.2 ng/mL, with a correlation coefficient (r2) of >0.995. The method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of oral administration of AMB (10 mg) in 24 healthy Indian male human volunteers under fasting conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of eight terpenoids from tissue cultures of the Chinese herbal plant, Tripterygium wilfordii, by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Su Ping , Cheng Qiqing , Wang Xiujuan , Cheng Xiaoqing , Zhang Meng , Tong Yuru , Li Fei , Gao Wei , Huang Luqi 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTIn this study, a reliable method for analysis and identification of eight terpenoids in tissue cultures of Tripterygium wilfordii has been established using high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ESI‐MS). Our study indicated that sterile seedlings, callus cultures and cell‐suspension cultures can rapidly increase the amount of biological materials. HPLC‐ESI‐MS was used to identify terpenoids from the extracts of these tissue cultures. Triptolide, triptophenolide, celastrol and wilforlide A were unambiguously determined by comparing the retention times, UV spectral data, and mass fragmentation behaviors with those of the reference compounds. Another four compounds were tentatively identified as triptonoterpenol, triptonoterpene, 22β‐hydroxy‐3‐oxoolean‐12‐en‐29‐oic acid and wilforlide B, based on their UV and mass spectrometry spectra. The quantitative analysis showed that all three materials contain triptolide, triptophenolide, celastrol, wilforlide A, and the contents of the four compounds in the cell‐suspension cultures were 53.1, 240, 129 and 964 µg/g, respectively, which were at least 2.0‐fold higher than these in the sterile seedlings and callus cultures. Considering the known pharmacological activity of triptolide and celastrol, we recommend the cell‐suspension cultures as biological materials for future studies, such as clinical and toxicological studies. The developed method was validated by the evaluation of its precision, linearity, detection limits and recovery, and it was successfully used to identify and quantify the terpenoids in the tissue cultures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of morphine and its major metabolites M3G and M6G in antemortem and postmortem samples
Authors: Oliveira Ana , Carvalho Félix , Pinho Paula Guedes , Remião Fernando , Medeiros Rui , Dinis‐Oliveira Ricardo Jorge 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTMorphine is one of the most effective agents for the control of significant pain, primarily metabolized to morphine‐3‐glucuronide (M3G) and morphine‐6‐glucuronide (M6G). While M6G is a potent opioid agonist, M3G has no opioid action and seems to have a role in side‐effects caused by morphine. In this study, a reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatographic method with diode‐array and electrochemical detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of morphine, M3G and M6G in antemortem and postmortem samples (plasma, whole blood, urine, liver, kidney and brain). Morphine, glucuronides and internal standard were extracted by double solid‐phase extraction and the separation was carried out with a Waters Spherisorb® ODS2 reversed‐phase column and potassium phosphate buffer (pH = 2.2)–acetonitrile containing sodium dodecyl sulfate as the mobile phase. The method proved to be specific with good linearity for all analytes in a calibration range from 1 to 600 ng/mL and proved to be accurate and have adequate precision and recovery. Limits of detection in the studied matrices were 0.4–4.5 ng/mL for morphine, 2.7–6.1 ng/mL for M3G and 0.8–4.4 ng/mL for M6G. The proposed method can be successfully applied to quantify morphine and its metabolites in several biological samples, covering the major routes of distribution, metabolism and elimination of morphine. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Religion–Health Connection Among African Americans: What Is the Role of Social Capital?
Authors: Holt Cheryl L. , Clark Eddie M. , Wang Min Qi , Williams Beverly Rosa , Schulz Emily 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTResearchers have expressed growing interest in factors that may explain the relationship between religious involvement and health‐related outcomes. Faith‐based organizations are a significant institution in African American communities, both serving religious/spiritual needs and providing an important source of social capital. These communities often suffer a disproportionate burden of health conditions as well. The present study examined the role of social capital (social support, interconnectedness, and community participation) in the relationship between religious involvement (beliefs and behaviours) and physical and emotional functioning and depressive symptoms, among a national probability sample of African Americans (N = 803). Participants completed telephone interviews. We used structural equation modelling to test hypotheses based on the theoretical model. Results indicate that interconnectedness played a modest mediational role in the relationship between religious behaviours/participation and depressive symptoms. Interconnectedness was predictive of fewer depressive symptoms and marginally with better emotional functioning. Findings highlight the importance of trust in and commitment to one's community for health and have implications for community‐based health promotion initiatives. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification and Characterization of a Welwitindolinone Alkaloid Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in the Stigonematalean Cyanobacterium Hapalosiphon welwitschii
Authors: Hillwig Matthew L. , Fuhrman Heather A. , Ittiamornkul Kuljira , Sevco Tyler J. , Kwak Daniel H. , Liu Xinyu 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe identification of a 36 kb welwitindolinone (wel) biosynthetic gene cluster in Hapalosiphon welwitschii UTEX B1830 is reported. Characterization of the enzymes responsible for assembling the early biosynthetic intermediates geranyl pyrophosphate and 3‐((Z)‐2′‐isocyanoethenyl)indole as well as a dedicated N‐methyltransferase in the maturation of N‐methylwelwitindolinone C isothiocyanate solidified the link between the wel pathway and welwitindolinone biosynthesis. Comparative analysis of the ambiguine and welwitindolinone biosynthetic pathways in two different organisms provided insights into the origins of diverse structures within hapalindole‐type molecules.
How Important are Impurities in Catalysis? An Example from Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Lübbe Christa , Dumrath Andreas , Neumann Helfried , Schäffer Marion , Zimmermann Ralf , Beller Matthias , Kadyrov Renat 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe dramatic effect of substrate impurities on the performance of a specific ruthenium catalyst system is demonstrated in the benchmark metathesis reaction of diethyl diallylmalonate. Based on detailed two‐dimensional GC–time‐of‐flight MS measurements, the significant influence of small amounts of different contaminations, especially various organic halides, is shown. This work serves as an incisive example of the importance of impurities to catalyst performance, also in homogeneous catalysis, which is often ignored in academic research.
Characterization of Ta–Ti Thin Films by using a Scanning Droplet Cell in Combination with AC Linear Sweep Voltammetry
Authors: Fan Mu , Sliozberg Kirill , La Mantia Fabio , Miyashita Naoko , Hagymási Marcel , Schnitter Christoph , Ludwig Alfred , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: February 2014

AbstractA binary Ta–Ti thin film composition‐spread materials library is prepared through magnetron sputter co‐deposition. An automated microelectrochemical investigation on selected surface areas, corresponding to a concentration gradient of Ti varying from 0.5 to 36 at %, is achieved by using a scanning droplet cell. Simultaneously, during the anodic oxide growth, a small alternating current (AC) voltage is superimposed on the increasing direct current (DC) potential in order to record the capacitance of the mixed‐metal oxide by using alternating current linear sweep voltammetry (AC‐LSV). Valve metal behavior, with the current stabilizing after an initial rapid increase, is found for all investigated compositions. AC‐LSV allows the ratio of the formation factor to the relative permittivity for different compositions to be calculated.