bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental evidence for the immediate impact of fertilization and irrigation upon the plant and invertebrate communities of mountain grasslands
Authors: Andrey Aline , Humbert Jean‐Yves , Pernollet Claire , Arlettaz Raphaël 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe response of montane and subalpine hay meadow plant and arthropod communities to the application of liquid manure and aerial irrigation – two novel, rapidly spreading management practices – remains poorly understood, which hampers the formulation of best practice management recommendations for both hay production and biodiversity preservation. In these nutrient‐poor mountain grasslands, a moderate management regime could enhance overall conditions for biodiversity. This study experimentally assessed, at the site scale, among low‐input montane and subalpine meadows, the short‐term effects (1 year) of a moderate intensification (slurry fertilization: 26.7–53.3 kg N·ha−1·year−1; irrigation with sprinklers: 20 mm·week−1; singly or combined together) on plant species richness, vegetation structure, hay production, and arthropod abundance and biomass in the inner European Alps (Valais, SW Switzerland). Results show that (1) montane and subalpine hay meadow ecological communities respond very rapidly to an intensification of management practices; (2) on a short‐term basis, a moderate intensification of very low‐input hay meadows has positive effects on plant species richness, vegetation structure, hay production, and arthropod abundance and biomass; (3) vegetation structure is likely to be the key factor limiting arthropod abundance and biomass. Our ongoing experiments will in the longer term identify which level of management intensity achieves an optimal balance between biodiversity and hay production.
Associations among hydrologic classifications and fish traits to support environmental flow standards
Authors: McManamay Ryan A. , Bevelhimer Mark S. , Frimpong Emmanuel A. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractClassification systems are valuable to ecological management in that they organize information into consolidated units thereby providing efficient means to achieve conservation objectives. Of the many ways classifications benefit management, hypothesis generation has been discussed as the most important. However, in order to provide templates for developing and testing ecologically relevant hypotheses, classifications created using environmental variables must be linked to ecological patterns. Herein, we develop associations between a recent US hydrologic classification and fish traits in order to form a template for generating flow–ecology hypotheses and supporting environmental flow standard development. Tradeoffs in adaptive strategies for fish were observed across a spectrum of stable, perennial flow to unstable intermittent flow. In accordance with theory, periodic strategists were associated with stable, predictable flow, whereas opportunistic strategists were more affiliated with intermittent, variable flows. We developed linkages between the uniqueness of hydrologic character and ecological distinction among classes, which may translate into predictions between losses in hydrologic uniqueness and ecological community response. Comparisons of classification strength between hydrologic classifications and other frameworks suggested that spatially contiguous classifications with higher regionalization will tend to explain more variation in ecological patterns. Despite explaining less ecological variation than other frameworks, we contend that hydrologic classifications are still useful because they provide a conceptual linkage between hydrologic variation and ecological communities to support flow–ecology relationships. Mechanistic associations among fish traits and hydrologic classes support the presumption that environmental flow standards should be developed uniquely for stream classes and ecological communities, therein. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Silver(I)‐Catalyzed Route to Pyrroles: Synthesis of Halogenated Pseudilins as Allosteric Inhibitors for Myosin ATPase and X‐ray Crystal Structures of the Protein–Inhibitor Complexes
Authors: Martin René , Risacher Célia , Barthel André , Jäger Anne , Schmidt Arndt W. , Richter Sabine , Böhl Markus , Preller Matthias , Chinthalapudi Krishna , Manstein Dietmar J. , Gutzeit Herwig O. , Knölker Hans‐Joachim 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe pentahalogenated 2‐arylpyrrole‐type alkaloids pentabromopseudilin and pentachloropseudilin represent a new class of isoform‐specific allosteric inhibitors of myosin ATPase. Herein, we describe an application of the silver(I)‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of N‐(homopropargyl)toluenesulfonamides to the total syntheses of these natural products and several non‐natural analogues. Moreover, we examine the inhibitiory effect of pentahalogenated pseudilins on myosin ATPase activity.
Formal C–H‐Azidation – Based Shortcut to Diazido Building Blocks for the Versatile Preparation of Photoaffinity Labeling Probes
Authors: Yoshida Suguru , Misawa Yoshihiro , Hosoya Takamitsu 
Published: May 2014

AbstractShort synthetic routes to diazido building blocks with different connectable groups were established on the basis of the sequential iridium‐catalyzed C–H borylation and copper‐catalyzed azidation of 1,3‐disubstituted benzenes, followed by diverse azido‐friendly functional‐group transformations. These building blocks facilitate the rapid development of effective diazido photoaffinity labeling probes that are useful for the identification of unknown target biomolecules of bioactive compounds.
Monitoring CO2 sequestration into deep saline aquifer and associated salt intrusion using coupled multiphase flow modeling and time‐lapse electrical resistivity tomography
Authors: Lu Chuan , Zhang Chi , Hunag Hai , Johnson Timothy C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSuccessful geological storage and sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) require efficient monitoring of the migration of CO2 plume during and after large‐scale injection in order to verify the containment of the injected CO2 within the target formation and to evaluate potential leakage risk. Field studies have shown that surface and cross‐borehole electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) can be a useful tool in imaging and characterizing solute transport in heterogeneous subsurface. In this synthetic study, we have coupled a 3‐D multiphase flow model with a parallel 3‐D time‐lapse ERT inversion code to explore the feasibility of using time‐lapse ERT for simultaneously monitoring the migration of CO2 plume in deep saline formation and potential brine intrusion into shallow fresh water aquifer. Direct comparisons of the inverted CO2 plumes resulting from ERT with multiphase flow simulation results indicate the ERT could be used to delineate the migration of CO2 plume. Detailed comparisons on the locations, sizes and shapes of CO2 plume and intruded brine plumes suggest that ERT inversion tends to underestimate the area review of the CO2 plume, but overestimate the thickness and total volume of the CO2 plume. The total volume of intruded brine plumes is overestimated as well. However, all discrepancies remain within reasonable ranges. Our study suggests that time‐lapse ERT is a useful monitoring tool in characterizing the movement of injected CO2 into deep saline aquifer and detecting potential brine intrusion under large‐scale field injection conditions.
RARE SHOCKS, GREAT RECESSIONS
Authors: Cúrdia Vasco , Del Negro Marco , Greenwald Daniel L. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYWe estimate a DSGE (dynamic stochastic general equilibrium) model where rare large shocks can occur, by replacing the commonly used Gaussian assumption with a Student's t‐distribution. Results from the Smets and Wouters (American Economic Review 2007; 97: 586–606) model estimated on the usual set of macroeconomic time series over the 1964–2011 period indicate that (i) the Student's t specification is strongly favored by the data even when we allow for low‐frequency variation in the volatility of the shocks, and (ii)) the estimated degrees of freedom are quite low for several shocks that drive US business cycles, implying an important role for rare large shocks. This result holds even if we exclude the Great Recession period from the sample. We also show that inference about low‐frequency changes in volatility—and, in particular, inference about the magnitude of Great Moderation—is different once we allow for fat tails. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of fat accumulation in the liver on hemodynamic variables assessed by doppler ultrasonography
Authors: Topal Naile Bolca , Orcan Serap , Sığırlı Deniz , Orcan Gökhan , Eritmen Ülkü 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeTo investigate the effect of various degrees of fatty liver infiltration on hepatic hemodynamics using Doppler ultrasonography.MethodsWe included 40 patients with hepatic steatosis and 20 healthy volunteers. Hepatic steatosis was quantified by a chemical shift MRI. Hepatic artery peak systolic and end‐diastolic velocity, resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI), hepatic vein RI and PI, portal vein RI, PI, congestion index, and peak maximum velocity were evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography. The hepatic vein waveforms were classified as triphasic, biphasic, or monophasic. Kruskal‐Wallis test was performed for comparing more than two groups. If significant differences were found, Mann‐Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction was performed for pair‐wise comparisons. Pearson &gch;2 and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare categorical variables.ResultsAccording to MRI, 15 patients had mild, 14 patients had moderate, and 11 patients had severe fatty infiltration. Portal vein peak maximum velocity was median: 19.8 (range 12–33.3), 21.1 (8–41.8), 16.6 (10.6–24.9), and 29.2 (14.1–40.4) cm/s. Congestion index was 0.05 (0.02–0.16), 0.07 (0.01–0.17), 0.11 (0.06–0.24), and 0.05 (0.02–0.16). Hepatic artery RI was 0.75 (0.56–1.00), 0.66 (0.52–0.87), 0.83 (0.38–1.00), and 0.76 (0.48–2.76), and PI was 1.83 (0.90–3.13), 1.38 (1.04–2.63), 1.97 (0.86–2.90), and 1.82 (0.70–2.90) (p = .046 and p = .036) in the mild, moderate, severe steatosis, and control groups, respectively. The rate of triphasic hepatic vein waveforms was higher in controls than in patients with severe steatosis.ConclusionsPortal vein flow velocity decreases in severe hepatic steatosis when compared with controls. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43:26–33, 2015
Sonographic findings and perinatal outcome of multiple pregnancies associating a complete hydatiform mole and a live fetus: A case series
Authors: Kutuk Mehmet Serdar , Ozgun Mahmut Tuncay , Dolanbay Mehmet , Batukan Cem , Uludag Semih , Basbug Mustafa 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe aim of this case series was to present the ultrasonographic findings, clinical features, management, and outcome of multiple pregnancies with complete hydatidiform mole and coexisting fetus (CHMCF).MethodsSonographic features and obstetrical and perinatal outcomes of seven cases with CHMCF were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsA total of seven cases was included in the analysis. Six cases were twins and one case was quadruplet. The mean ± SD maternal age was 25.3 ± 1.9 years (median: 25; range: 23–29). The mean gestational age at diagnosis was 16.1 ± 4.6 weeks (median: 17; range: 11–23). Two pregnancies were achieved by ovulation induction. Two couples opted for pregnancy termination. Four pregnancies resulted in fetal loss between the 11th and 23th week of gestation. One pregnancy ended with the preterm delivery of a live‐born neonate at 34 weeks due to pre‐eclampsia. One patient developed persistent trophoblastic disease, which was treated by hysterectomy. The mean ± SD time for β‐human chorionic gonadotropin clearance was 3.7 ± 0.5 weeks (median: 4; range: 3–4) in the six patients without persistent trophoblastic disease.ConclusionsSpontaneous fetal loss is the most likely outcome for CHMCF. However, on the basis of our experience, we recommend carefully monitored continuation of pregnancy as long as maternal complications are not present or are controllable. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:465–471, 2014
Improvement of Thematic Classification in Offender Profiling: Classifying Serbian Homicides Using Multiple Correspondence, Cluster, and Discriminant Function Analyses
Authors: Goodwill Alasdair M. , Allen Jared C. , Kolarevic Dag 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates thematic classification of homicides for the purpose of behavioural investigative analysis (e.g. offender profiling). Previous research has predominantly used smallest space analysis (SSA) to conceptualise and classify offences into thematic groups based on crime scene behaviour data. This paper introduces a combined approach utilising multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), cluster analysis (CA), and discriminant function analysis (DFA) to define and differentiate crime scenes into expressive or instrumental and impersonal or personal crimes. MCA is used to derive the latent structural dimensions in the crime data and produce quantitative scores for each offence along these dimensions. Two‐step CA was then utilised to classify offences. Offence dimensional scores were then used to predict cluster membership under DFA, producing cluster centroids corresponding to MCA dimensions. Centroids were plotted on the MCA correspondence map to simultaneously conceptualise crime classification and the latent structure of the Serbian crime data. Classification of offences based on MCA dimensional scores were 91.5% accurate. This MCA–CA–DFA approach may reduce some of the more subjective aspects of SSA methodology used in classification, whilst producing a product more amenable to objective and cumulative review. Implications for offender profiling research utilising SSA and this approach are discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Class‐modeling approach to PTR‐TOFMS data: a peppers case study
Authors: Taiti Cosimo , Costa Corrado , Menesatti Paolo , Comparini Diego , Bazihizina Nadia , Azzarello Elisa , Masi Elisa , Mancuso Stefano 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDProton transfer reaction–mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS), in its recently developed implementation based on time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (PTR‐TOFMS), was used to rapidly determine the volatile compounds present in fruits of Capsicum spp.RESULTSWe analyzed the volatile organic compounds emission profile of freshly cut chili peppers belonging to three species and 33 different cultivars. PTR‐TOFMS data, analyzed with appropriate and advanced multivariate class‐modeling approaches, perfectly discriminated among the three species (100% correct classification in validation set). VIP (variable importance in projection) scores were used to select the 15 most important volatile compounds in discriminating the species. The best candidates for Capsicum spp. were compounds with measured m/z of 63.027, 101.096 and 107.050, which were, respectively, tentatively identified as dimethyl sulfide, hexanal and benzaldehyde.CONCLUSIONSBased on the promising results, the possibility of introducing multivariate class‐modeling techniques, different from the classification approaches, in the field of volatile compounds analyses is discussed. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Principle and validation of digital driving for active matrix organic light emitting diodes displays
Authors: Volkert Pascal , Xu Chihao 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe feasibility of digital driving has been investigated, which may be an enabling technology for low‐cost, power‐efficient and high‐quality active matrix organic light emitting diodes displays (AMOLED displays). The theoretical requirements therefore are analyzed. Methods for avoiding imaging artifacts are proposed. Results based on two prototypes are presented showing that digital drive is feasible for state‐of‐the‐art manufacturing technology with comparable image quality to analog‐driven AMOLED displays but at lower power consumption and lower production cost.
The Gap Between the Physiological and Therapeutic Roles of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Galderisi Umberto , Giordano Antonio 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSeveral investigators have cultivated marrow stromal cells and have identified a population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These cells expand extensively in vitro and exhibit multilineage differentiation potential. The lack of MSC‐specific markers impedes identification of MSC functions. Further in vivo studies of these cells may elucidate the nature of MSCs.Although the nature of MSCs remains unclear, nonclonal stromal cultures are used as a source of putative MSCs for therapeutic purposes. Preclinical studies and clinical trials assumed that transplanted MSCs exert their effects through their differentiation properties or through the release of molecules that restore tissue functions and modulate immune cells. These studies reported contradictory results and failed to meet expectations. Thus, it is important to note that current protocols for MSC therapy are primarily based on the use of in vitro expanded nonclonal MSCs.Clearly defining the physiological features of in situ MSCs and the in vitro and in vivo properties of nonclonal cultures of stromal cells, which are often misidentified as pure stem cell cultures, may explain the reported failures of MSC therapy. This review will address these issues.
Insights into the association of Gla‐rich protein and osteoarthritis, novel splice variants and γ‐carboxylation status
Authors: Rafael Marta S. , Cavaco Sofia , Viegas Carla S. B. , Santos Sofia , Ramos Acácio , Willems Brecht A. G. , Herfs Marjolein , Theuwissen Elke , Vermeer Cees , Simes Dina C. 
Published: May 2014

ScopeGla‐rich protein (GRP) is a vitamin K dependent protein, characterized by a high density of γ‐carboxylated Glu residues, shown to accumulate in mouse and sturgeon cartilage and at sites of skin and vascular calcification in humans. Therefore, we investigated the involvement of GRP in pathological calcification in osteoarthritis (OA).Methods and resultsComparative analysis of GRP patterning at transcriptional and translational levels was performed between controls and OA patients. Using a RT‐PCR strategy we unveiled two novel splice variants in human—GRP‐F5 and F6—potentially characterized by the loss of full γ‐carboxylation and secretion functional motifs. GRP‐F1 is shown to be the predominant splice variant expressed in mouse and human adult tissues, particularly in OA cartilage, while an overexpressing human cell model points it as the major γ‐carboxylated isoform. Using validated conformational antibodies detecting carboxylated or undercarboxylated GRP (c/uc GRP), we have demonstrated cGRP accumulation in controls, whereas ucGRP was the predominant form in OA‐affected tissues, colocalizing at sites of ectopic calcification.ConclusionOverall, our results indicate the predominance of GRP‐F1, and a clear association of ucGRP with OA cartilage and synovial membrane. Levels of vitamin K should be further assessed in these patients to determine its potential therapeutic use as a supplement in OA treatment.
Platelet‐derived growth factor BB and DD and angiopoietin1 are altered in follicular fluid from polycystic ovary syndrome patients
Authors: Scotti Leopoldina , Parborell Fernanda , Irusta Griselda , De Zuñiga Ignacio , Bisioli Claudio , Pettorossi Hernan , Tesone Marta , Abramovich Dalhia 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinological pathology among women of reproductive age, and is characterized by abnormalities in ovarian angiogenesis, among other features. Consistent with this association, follicular fluid (FF) concentration and ovarian expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are increased in PCOS patients. In this study, we examined the protein levels of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) BB and DD (PDGFBB and PDGFDD), angiopoietin 1 and 2 (ANGPT1 and ANGPT2), and their soluble receptor sTIE2 in FF from PCOS and control patients undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. We also analyzed the effect of FF from PCOS and control patients on tight and adherens junction protein expression in an endothelial cell line. PDGFBB and PDGFDD were significantly lower whereas ANGPT1 concentration was significantly higher in FF from PCOS patients than from control patients. No changes were found in the concentration of ANGPT2 or sTIE2. Expression of claudin‐5 was significantly increased in endothelial cells incubated for 24 hr in the presence of FF from PCOS versus from control patients, while vascular‐endothelial cadherin, β‐catenin, and zonula occludens 1 expression were unchanged. The changes observed in the levels of PDGF isoforms and ANGPT1 may prevent VEGF‐induced vascular permeability in the PCOS ovary by regulating endothelial‐cell‐junction protein levels. Restoring the levels of angiogenic factors may provide new insights into PCOS treatment and the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in affected women. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 81: 748–756, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Post‐contrast myocardialT1and ECV disagree in a longitudinal canine study
Authors: Koopmann Matthias , Hong KyungPyo , Kholmovski Eugene G. , Huang Eric C. , Hu Nan , Ying Jian , Levenson Richard , Vijayakumar Sathya , Dosdall Derek J. , Ranjan Ravi , Kim Daniel 
Published: May 2014

Both post‐contrast myocardialT1and extracellular volume (ECV) measurements have been associated with diffuse interstitial fibrosis. The cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) field is migrating towards ECV, because it is largely insensitive to confounders that affect post‐contrast myocardialT1. Despite the theoretical advantages of myocardial ECV over post‐contrast myocardialT1, systematic experimental studies comparing the two measurements are largely lacking. We sought to measure the temporal changes in post‐contrast myocardialT1and ECV in an established canine model with chronic atrial fibrillation.Seventeen mongrel dogs, implanted with a pacemaker to induce chronic atrial fibrillation via rapid atrial pacing, were scanned multiple times for a total of 46 CMR scans at 3T. These dogs with different disease durations (0–22 months) were part of a separate longitudinal study aimed at studying the relationship between AF and pathophysiology. In each animal, we measured native and post‐contrastT1values and hematocrit. Temporal changes in post‐contrast myocardialT1and ECV, as well as other CMR parameters, were modeled with linear mixed effect models to account for repeated measurements over disease duration.In 17 animals, post‐contrast myocardialT1decreased significantly from 872 to 698 ms (p< 0.001), which corresponds to a 24.9% relative reduction. In contrast, ECV increased from 21.0 to 22.0% (p= 0.38), which corresponds to only a 4.5% relative increase. To partially investigate this discrepancy, we quantified collagen volume fraction (CVF) in post‐mortem heart tissues of six canines sacrificed at different disease durations (0–22 months). CVF quantified by histology increased from 0.9 to 1.9% (p= 0.56), which agrees better with ECV than with post‐contrast myocardialT1. This study shows that post‐contrast myocardialT1and ECV may disagree in a longitudinal canine study. A more comprehensive study, including histologic, cardiac, and renal functional analyses, is warranted to test rigorously which CMR parameter (ECV or post‐contrast myocardialT1) agrees better with CVF. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.