bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of Aqueous Ethanol Solutions Stored in Glass Ampules
Authors: Pella PA , Diamondstone BI 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
During our work on the development of performance standards for breath alcohol analyzers [1], it was necessary to prepare known concentrations of ethanol in distilled water for the purpose of measuring the performance capabilities of such instruments. In these studies we were concerned with the preservation of our reference ethanol solutions. For this reason we prepared a solution of known ethanol concentration and stored it in a number of flame-sealed, glass ampules. Some questions have been raised concerning the stability of ethanol solutions when stored in this manner [2]. We have measured the ethanol concentration by dichromate oxidimetry over a period of two years, and the results are reported in this paper.
Identification of Street Drugs by Thin-Layer Chromatography and a Single Visualization Reagent
Authors: Vinson JA , Hooyman JE , Ward CE 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A number of reports on the use of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in the analysis of street drugs have appeared [1–3]. Colors with various visualization agents applied in sequence are used for identification in conjunction with Rf values, spot tests [4], and crystal tests [5]. This paper reports the use of a rapid TLC screening procedure that utilizes a single developing solvent and a single visualization reagent, N,2,6-trichloro-p-benzoquinone imine (TCBI), for the preliminary identification of the drugs of abuse. In addition, other TLC developing solvents are outlined that can be used for further confirmation.
GC-Quadrupole Mass Fragmentography of Heroin
Authors: Jerpe JH , Bena FE , Morris W 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The use of internal standards in solutions analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) has become a routine system for simultaneous quantitative and qualitative analysis. Selection of a suitable internal standard has depended upon the following: (1) elution time must not significantly overlap the elution time of drug assayed, and preferably elute later; (2) the detector response must be linear over a wide range of concentrations; (3) a stock solution should be stable for a considerable period of time; and (4) the preparation and synthesis of internal standard should be rapid or the standard should be commercially available.
A Review of “Atlas of Legal Medicine”
Authors: Hertzog RW 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Dry. Watanabe's outstanding pictorial presentation of forensic pathology remains unparalleled since the first edition of Atlas of Legal Medicine appeared in 1968. The work admirably fulfills the expectation of an atlas through more than 500 photographs. These cover postmortem changes, chemical and physical injuries, and natural diseases manifesting as sudden unexpected death. All areas of forensic pathology are covered and illustrated at the gross level.
A Review of “Methoden der Geschlechts-, Körperlängen- und Lebensalterbestimmung von Skeletfunden”
Authors: Kerley ER 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paperback volume will be of interest to those engaged in forensic anthropology or osteological research who can read at least some German. As the title states, it deals with the determination of sex, stature, and age from skeletal findings, and it is limited to these topics in skeletal identification. Basically, it is quite a useful compilation of references to the various methods that have been described for making such estimates and determinations, with brief descriptions of most of the methods cited. It is much more than a simple annotated bibliography, but could not be used as a handbook. The selection and arrangement of the references cited make them quite accessible in this new reference work.
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase Activity in the Postcoital Vagina
Authors: McCloskey KL , Muscillo GC , Noordewier B 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The criminal offense of rape has been defined in various ways by both legal and medical authorities [1ߝ4]. There appears to be general agreement that two requirements are essential for establishing the crime of rape: (1) the lack of consent of the alleged victim and (2) carnal knowledge (constituted by even the slightest penetration by the male organ). Because circumstantial evidence alone may be inadequate for proof, the physician and the forensic scientist are required to assume major roles in supplying objective information in cases of this kind. They can be called upon to furnish evidence pertaining to the above requirements. The physician assesses and describes whatever injuries and medical evidence there may be. The forensic scientist is typically concerned with demonstrating the presence of seminal fluid in locations that would indicate recent sexual activity.
An Unusual Case of Pseudo Rape
Authors: Schiff AF 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
There are very few people who do not regard rape as a particularly brutal, heinous, and savage crime, far removed from the usual crimes of auto theft, burglary, grand larceny, shoplifting, and even murder, and deserving the most severe penalty the law can offer. On the other hand, there are even fewer people who do not view a man falsely and maliciously accused of rape with amazement, horror, pity, and a “There but for the grace of God go I” attitude.
An Improved Density Gradient System for Forensic Science Soil Studies
Authors: Nute HD 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The density of a homogenous material is one of the more useful of its properties. Being dependent on the nature and composition of the material, it can be used as both a point of identification of the substance and a comparison of its composition with similar substances; being constant, affected only by temperature, it is reproducible. Techniques and equipment exist to easily and precisely measure the density of most liquids and solids. The basic techniques and applications of density measurements in the field of forensic science are covered by Kirk [1,2].
Enzymatic Characterization of Soil Evidence
Authors: Thornton JI , McLaren AD 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Soils is most assuredly an important type of physical evidence; if one can establish that soil on the shoes or clothing of a suspect matches that of a crime scene it will lend support to a hypothesis that the suspect had, in fact, visited the scene. Likewise, comparison of soil from the tires or the undercarriage of an automobile with the soil from a particular location may establish with greater or lesser certainty that the automobile was at one time present at the location. Furthermore, soil evidence is more likely to be encountered in those offenses against persons or property which society deems most severe. Equally important is that soil evidence, properly examined and properly interpreted, may serve an exclusionary purpose and exonerate the innocent. Erratum to this paper appears in 21(2).
A Review of “Anaesthetics, Resuscitation and Intensive Care: A Textbook for Students and Residents”
Authors: Roaf ER , Gibbs RF 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Somewhat less than 300 pages long, this small, paper-covered book is intended for medical students and “housemen”. First written in 1965, this popular British anesthesia text is now in its fourth edition. Although well written and cleanly illustrated, the book attempts to deal with altogether too much material in too few pages to be anything but an introduction. The charts, pictures, and line drawings are frequently used to great advantage and are clearly the book's finest feature.
Petrography, geochemistry and age of Cerro Frontino Gabro
Authors: Rodríguez-García Gabriel , Bermúdez-Cordero Jose Gilberto 
Published: July 2015

The Gabro de Cerro Frontino was emplaced in the Cañasgordas Block, located in the Northern Segment of the Colombian Western Cordillera. It corresponds to a pluton composed of at least three magmatic pulses, emplaced during a short period of time. Gabbros and diorites are more common in the unit than clinopiroxenites, monzodiorites and monzonites. These rocks are composed of calcic to intermediate plagioclase, augite-egerine type clinopyroxene and biotite; olivine and flogopite may be present in some mafic rocks and alkali feldspar and quartz may be present in some felsic rocks. Sphene, magnetite and apatite are common accessory minerals. The silica content in the rocks varies between 37.08% and 54.4%, with constant values of MnO (0.1% 0.4%), impoverishment of Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, TiO2 and P2O5 as SiO2 increases, and enrichment of K2O, Na2O and Al2O3 as SiO2 increases. The basic and ultrabasic rocks fall in the sub-alkaline series, the rest of the samples fall in the medium to K-rich calc-alkaline series and in the shoshonitic series. The Gabro de Cerro Frontinocorresponds to magmas impoverished on heavy rare earth elements with respect to light rare earth elements, which suggests the contribution of a subduction component in the magma genesis. The LILE (Sr, K, Rb, Pb, Ba) are enriched with respect to the HFSE values that are relatively flat and impoverished; the unit also exhibits a negative anomaly of Nb with respect to Th and Ce, being a magmatic arc the environment of generation. The ages obtained in biotite using the Ar-Ar method fall between 9.87±0.18 Ma and 11.44±0.36 Ma, Middle to upper Miocene (Tortonian-Serravallian), similar to age of other plutons that are part of the Botón Arc.
GERAÇÃO DE RESÍDUOS NO PROCESSAMENTO DE ÁGATAS
Authors: Almeida Silva Rodrigo De , Schneider Ivo André H. 
Published: July 2015

O Brasil é um dos o principais produtores de gemas de cor, e o Rio Grande do Sul o estado com maior produção de ágatas ametistas e citrinos. Este setor é preponderante na economia das regiões do Alto Uruguai e Planalto Médio, mas apresenta dificuldades tecnológicas, onde destacam-se o grande volume de gemas exportadas em estado bruto com baixo valor agregado e equipamentos com baixa eficiência. Um outro problema detectado é o grande volume de resíduos gerados sem tratamento e destinação adequada. O objetivo do presente trabalho é realizar um diagnóstico do beneficiamento das gemas, identificar os tipos de resíduos gerados e a importância da aplicação da gestão ambiental para este setor industrial. Pode-se concluir que, de forma geral, o setor apresenta um descaso com o meio ambiente onde poucas empresas tratam seus resíduos ainda com a visão de “fim de tubo”.
Trayectorias sociales improbables: adolescentes chilenos de estratos bajos competentes en lectura
Authors: Ortiz Iván 
Published: July 2015

Se ha vuelto de sentido común constatar que los logros en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes de origen social popular resultan inferiores en comparación con sus pares más privilegiados, como lo señalan las teorías de la reproducción social. Este artículo, por el contrario, fija la mirada en los casos que escapan a esta tendencia, es decir, en los estudiantes de estrato social bajo que obtienen buenos resultados académicos. Mediante análisis de regresión logística se averiguó qué tipo de factores individuales, de las escuelas y de los padres, se asocian con los estudiantes chilenos de nivel socioeconómico bajo que obtuvieron buenos resultados en la prueba de competencia lectora del estudio PISA 2009. Las variables de los estudiantes resultaron tener más fuerza predictiva que las de las escuelas y que las de los padres. Se discuten estos resultados. AbstractIt is generally believed that students from low-income families are less successful at school, as indicated by theories of social reproduction. This article focuses on Chilean students that, in spite of their social background, have performed well in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2009. Using logistic regression analysis we identify factors associated with academic achievement in reading. Results show that student variables have a greater explanatory value than family and school variables.
La construcción discursiva de la prevención del delito en México 2006-2009
Authors: Quintana Navarrete Miguel 
Published: July 2015

Este estudio analiza la construcción discursiva de la prevención del delito en México durante la primera mitad de la presidencia de Felipe Calderón. Se distinguen las características de diversos sujetos y objetos — así como de las relaciones entre ellos— creados y representados en el discurso oficial preventivo. El análisis revela el sustento axiológico neoconservador de la prevención y el modo en que sus principios son "operacionalizados" con el fin de articularlos a la experiencia cotidiana. Los hallazgos dan sustento empírico a teorías y conceptos criminológicos contemporáneos, principalmente los de "criminologías de uno mismo" y "criminologías del otro", muestran la construcción discursiva de una prevención familiar del delito como un tipo específico de prevención.AbstractThis study analyzes the discursive construction of crime prevention in Mexico during the first half of Felipe Calderón's presidency. The characteristics of different subjects and objects — as well as the relations between them— created and represented in the official discourse are distinguished. The analysis reveals the neo-conservative axiological basis of crime prevention, and the way its tenets are "operationalized" in order to articulate them to everyday experience. The findings provide empirical support to contemporary criminological theories and concepts, mainly the notions of "criminologies of the self" and "criminologies of the other", and reveal the discursive construction of a distinct type of crime prevention based on the family.
Use of a Double‐Layer Technique With an Acellular Dermal Matrix to Treat Miller Class I and II Gingival Recession Defects: 4‐ to 5‐Year Results
Authors: Mahn Douglas H. 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: The purpose of this retrospective record review is to evaluate the long‐term performance of a double‐layer technique using an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in conjunction with a coronally advanced flap (CAF) in treating Miller Class I and II gingival recession defects (GRDs).Case Series: A total of 26 patients with isolated Class I and II GRDs were treated. These patients were treated as part of routine clinical practice based on the individual needs of the patient. After 4 to 5 years (48 to 66 months), the mean GRD decreased from 4.0 ± 1.0 to 0.3 ± 0.6 mm. This represents 92.5% root coverage. Complete root coverage was achieved in 69.2% of the cases. Improvements were also found for probing depths and clinical attachment levels at 4 to 5 years.Conclusion: These results support the use of a double‐layer technique using an ADM in conjunction with a CAF in treating Class I and II GRDs.
Profile of Ophthalmological Diseases in Out-Patients of Shree Birendra Hospital
Authors: Bist Ramesh Raj , Rajkarnikar Sagar , Gurung Anu , Chetry Pratik 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: The causes of blindness and the pattern of eye diseases differ in developing and developedcountries and often in communities. A study of the pattern of ocular diseases is very important because whilesome eye conditions are just causes of ocular morbidity others invariably lead to blindness.Methods: This was a retrospective study including all the cases which attended the department of Ophthalmologyof Shree Birendra Hospital in April 2010 to April 2011.Results: A total of 17988 patients were seen during the study period with mean age 39.95 ± 18.94 years, maleto female ratio of 51.02: 48.92% in the department of Ophthalmology. Among them 4779 were regular servingarmy personnel and 13209 were ex-army and army families. The largest number of cases were seen in lensrelated disease (25.19%), followed by conjunctival and scleral disease (24.29%).Conclusions: The pattern of eye disease varies in different age groups. In younger age group conjunctival,scleral disease and refractive error were commonly seen whereas in elder age group lens disorder was frequentlyseen. The number of blind patients was more in females than in male patients.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i2.12917
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its Component in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.
Authors: Rajbhandari Ajay , Pandeya Dipendra Raj , Bhattarai Madur Dev , Malla Ravi , Sharma Arun , Shrestha Dina , Chettry Pratik 
Published: July 2015

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the most frequently encountered problems owing tosigniÞ cant number of patients needing hospitalization during pregnancy. The incidence of UTI in pregnantwomen is reported to be high up to 7-8%.Methods: This is a prospective study conducted in Valley Maternity Hospital during a period of 6 months(Jan 2011 to June 2011). 520 MSU (Mid stream urine samples) from pregnant women clinically suspected ofurine infection were evaluated by urine dipstick analysis, microscopic and culture method. The isolates wereidentiÞ ed and antibiotic sensitivity pattern was determined by standard protocol.Results: The majority of the patients were in-between the age group of 20-30years- 338cases (65%) and thesepatients usually presented in the Þ rst trimester of pregnancy- 317cases (60.96%). Out of the 520 clinicallysuspected UTI cases, 232 (44.61%) was culture positive. Out of the culture positive cases; Escherichia coli(E.coli) was the most common accounting for a total of 144cases (80%). Nitrofurantoin was found to be the mosteffective drug against the gram negative (Gm-ve) bacteria. Similarly, Ampicillin, Amoxycillin and Cloxacillinwere found to be effective agent against gram positive (Gm+ve) bacteria.Conclusion: Screening for bacteriuria is recommended among all pregnant women at the Þ rst prenatal visit andin the subsequent trimesters of pregnancy.Key words: UTI, Pregnant women, Antibiotics, Culture method.Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its Component inPatients with Acute Coronary Syndrome.Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome is most common and important risk factor in patients of coronary arterydisease. Other risk factors like smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes were also frequentlyfound. Public awareness to control the risk factors can reduce the prevalence of coronary artery disease in ourcountry.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i2.12928
Prevalence of Amp C Beta-lactamase Producers Among Uropathogens at Shree Birendra Hospital.
Authors: Dhungel Laxmi , Manandhar Sarita , Bhatta Sabita , Chaudhary Raina 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: Amp C β lactamases confer resistance to a wide variety of β-lactam antibiotics and are poorly inhibited by β-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid. Plasmid carrying Amp C enzyme also carry genes responsible of resistance to multiple other antibiotics, hence therapeutic options to infection caused by this type of organism is limited. Limited studies on prevalence of these organisms have been done in Nepal. The study is done to know the prevalence of Amp C β lactamase producers among the uropathogens. Methods: Amp C β lactamase producers were detected by double disc synergy test using the disc of cefoxitin (30μg) and cefoxitn (30μg) plus phenylboronic acid (20μl). An increase in zone diameter of ≥5mm to cefoxitin disc with phenylboronic acid versus cefoxitin alone was considered confirmed ABL producers. Result: The ABL production was found in 8.94% of the total isolates. It was observed in 9.87% of E. coli isolates and in 20% of Ps. aeruginosa. ABL producers were found to be resistant to many drugs when compared to Non-ABL producers. Conclusion: Amp C β lactamase producers were found among uropathogens. They were resistant to many antibiotics compared to Non- Amp C β lactamase producers.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.12991
Knowledge on Premarital Sex and its Consequences Among Adolescents at a Higher Secondary School.
Authors: Bhandari Sushila Devi 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: The premarital sex knowledge and consequences among adolescents was the subject of the research presented. Premarital sex issues are bombarding and it is an emerging topic, though adolescents are not being serious about it, they will be in great trouble in near future if they did not get adequate knowledge about this topic as premarital sex consequences rates are increasing day by day in all over the world like STIs, adolescence pregnancy, guilt, depression, stress, loss of self-respects etc especially on young adolescents. Methods: It was descriptive, cross-sectional study. Simple random sampling lottery method was used for obtaining 141 samples from higher secondary school. Self-administered questionnaire was distributed among adolescent to obtain their responses regarding premarital sex. Results: Out of 141 respondents, the study revealed that 87.2% responded premarital sex to be inappropriate. While 34% responded the cause of having premarital sex is due to lack of sex education. Regarding the consequences of premarital sex majority of the respondents were aware about different consequences that may occur due to premarital sex. Conclusions: Majority of the respondents had knowledge about premarital sex and its consequences.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v13i1.12999
Absent, Invisible, and Incoherent: Archiving Queer Women’s Performance Futurities
Authors: Newman Laine Zisman 
Published: July 2015

Abstract: Without a mandated space for her theatrical performance, the queer woman artist is othered and nomadic in her practice. The shifting borders that map her spaces offer both benefits and obstacles: she is free of the confines of a static venue but in a constant search for her next performance space. While there are significant achievements in queer women’s performance that are worthy of celebration, the transience of queer women’s spaces affects not only these works’ development and production in the present but also their prominence within the historical archive and the potentialities afforded to their works in the future, impacting both queer visibility in history and queer futurities. The need to struggle repeatedly to secure venues for rehearsals and productions leaves queer women artists unable to focus needed attention on how their work is documented. Thus, a lack of stable space also contributes to perpetuating cycles of invisibility. This article does not seek to essentialize experiences of space as any one thing but, in contrast, seeks to examine how the transience of queer women’s performance presents ongoing challenges in the documentation and historicization of queer women’s performance, practice, and community.
Biomechanical comparison of two locking plate constructs under cyclic torsional loading in a fracture gap model
Authors: Bilmont A. , Palierne S. , Verset M. , Swider P. , Autefage A. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjectives: The number of locking screws required per fragment during bridging osteo-synthesis in the dog has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to assess the survival of two constructs, with either two or three screws per fragment, under cyclic torsion.Methods: Ten-hole 3.5 mm stainless steel locking compression plates (LCP) were fixed 1 mm away from bone surrogates with a fracture gap of 47 mm using two bicortical locking screws (10 constructs) or three bicortical locking screws (10 constructs) per fragment, placed at the extremities of each LCP. Constructs were tested in cyclic torsion (range: 0 to +0.218 rad) until failure.Results: The 3-screws constructs (29.65 ± 1.89 N.m/rad) were stiffer than the 2-screws constructs (23.73 ± 0.87 N.m/rad), and therefore, were subjected to a greater torque during cycling (6.05 ± 1.33 N.m and 4.88 ± 1.14 N.m respectively). The 3-screws constructs sustained a significantly greater number of cycles (20,700 ± 5,735 cycles) than the 2-screws constructs (15,600 ± 5,272 cycles). In most constructs, failure was due to screw damage at the junction of the shaft and head. The remaining constructs failed because of screw head unlocking, sometimes due to incomplete seating of the screw head prior to testing.Clinical significance: Omitting the third innermost locking screw during bridging osteosynthesis led to a reduction in fatigue life of 25% and construct stiffness by 20%. Fracture of the screws is believed to occur sequentially, starting with the innermost screw that initially shields the other screws.