bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatores associados a diferentes tipos de comportamento sedentário em quilombolas da microrregião de Guanambi, Brasil
Authors: Almeida Claudio Bispo de , Mussi Ricardo Franklin de Freitas , Casotti Cezar Augusto 
Published: July 2024

Os comportamentos sedentários atingem grande parte da população brasileira, e as populações remanescentes de quilombos estão expostas a estes comportamentos. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os fatores associados aos comportamentos sedentários em quilombolas da microrregião de Guanambi, Bahia, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico, do tipo transversal. Os desfechos, tempo sentado e tempo de TV, foram obtidos por formulário de entrevista. Utilizou-se regressão logística, modelo backward conditional. Como resultados dos 850 quilombolas avaliados, nos adultos, o tempo sentado associou-se com: maior renda (OR=1,76;IC95%:1,10-2,79); sem companheiro (OR=1,76;IC95%:1,11-2,79); fisicamente ativo (OR=1,92; IC95%:1,06-3,45); sem dislipidemia do HDL-c (OR=0,45;IC95%:0,24-0,84); e tempo de TV associou-se com não etilismo (OR=0,43;IC95%:0,24-0,77); ser fisicamente ativo (OR=1,76;IC95%:1,05-2,98); e sem hipertensão arterial (OR=1,71; IC95%:1,09-2,68). Nos idosos, o tempo sentado associou-se com a ausência de hiperglicemia (OR=0,37;IC95%:0,16-0,87) e hipertrigliceridemia (OR=2,57;IC95%:1,06-6,23); e tempo de TV aos sem obesidade (OR=0,16;IC95%:0,05-0,58). Conclui-se que as associações entre os comportamentos sedentários e as demais variáveis diferiram por desfecho, e por grupo etário.
Terapia Ocupacional em saúde mental: perfil das pesquisadoras brasileiras
Authors: Taño Bruna Lidia , Leão Adriana , Constantinidis Teresinha Cid 
Published: July 2024

O presente estudo tem como objetivo caracterizar o perfil dos pesquisadores terapeutas ocupacionais brasileiros que atuam no campo da saúde mental, com base nas informações curriculares da Plataforma Lattes do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Trata-se de pesquisa tipo documental, mediante coleta de dados e análise documental dos currículos de terapeutas ocupacionais pesquisadoras e pesquisadores em saúde mental a partir dos dados públicos contido na referida plataforma. A coleta dos dados foi realizada em três etapas subsequentes, ocorrida no primeiro trimestre de 2020: buscas por terapeutas ocupacionais; identificação de terapeutas ocupacionais que atuam ou pesquisam em saúde mental; identificação de terapeutas ocupacionais pesquisadoras em saúde mental. A busca resultou no número de 98 terapeutas ocupacionais pesquisadoras especificamente no campo da saúde mental. Foi caracterizado o perfil de pesquisadoras e pesquisadores terapeutas ocupacionais no campo da saúde mental a partir dos seguintes critérios que apresentamos a seguir: identificação geral, a partir das informações de orientação de gênero, da graduação - ano, estados e regiões e da atuação profissional; pós graduação; produção bibliográfica; orientação. Destaca-se a presença absoluta de mulheres neste campo, a aceleração nas formações pós-graduadas nos últimos 15 anos, a centralização da região sudeste na trajetória acadêmica das pesquisadoras, bem como a presença maciça destas em programas de pós-graduação na grande área de Ciências da Saúde.
Application of sensory and motor training in AIDET communication mode in patients after knee arthroplasty
Authors: Tong Di , Zhang Jing , Liang Xin-Ying 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND
Patients with knee arthroplasty often have problems such as slow recovery of knee function, which may cause negative emotions and affect their postoperative rehabilitation. The application of sensory and motor training in the Acknowledge, Introduce, Duration, Evaluation, Thank You (AIDET) communication mode in patients after knee arthroplasty can provide reference for the selection of postoperative rehabilitation training measures.
AIM
To explore the sensory and motor training effects in AIDET communication mode on knee function recovery and resilience of patients after knee arthroplasty.
METHODS
One hundred patients who underwent knee arthroplasty at our hospital between January 2022 and January 2024 were randomly divided into two groups. The control group (n = 50) received routine rehabilitation training. In the observation group (n = 50), the AIDET communication mode was used to perform sensory and motor training, in addition to routine rehabilitation training. The rehabilitation training was administered for 8 weeks. After surgery, knee function, balance ability, walking ability, proprioception, and resilience were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
The New York Hospital for Special Surgery knee scores of the observation group at the time of discharge and 8 weeks after intervention were (65.23 ± 6.84, 84.53 ± 5.27), which was higher than those of the control group (61.03 ± 7.15, 74.92 ± 6.52) (P < 0.05). The balance ability of the observation group at the time of discharge and 8 weeks after the intervention was higher than that of the control group, the time of time up to go test was shorter than that of the control group, and proprioceptive function was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The resilience level in the observation group after the intervention was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Sensory and motor training in AIDET communication mode promotes knee function recovery of patients after knee arthroplasty, improves their limb walking ability and balance function, and increases their resilience level.
Optimization of air refractive index based on dispersive interferometry
Authors: Gao Biyang , Wu Tengfei , Zhou Qiang 
Published: July 2024

This study discusses the limitations of the multi-color method for air refractive index compensation and introduces the nonlinear objective refractivity optimization (NORO) to address these shortcomings. Utilizing a nonlinear objective function and the Davidon-Fletcher-Powel (DFP) optimization method, NORO provides precise, self-corrected geometric distance without the need for extensive environmental sensing or broad spectral coverage. Compared to the multi-color method, the NORO method reduces the minimum usable spectral range from 600 nm to 40 nm, achieving consistency with the empirical formula within 2.5 ppm using a 90 nm spectral range, significantly decreasing the dependence of algorithm accuracy on the spectral range. During a 4.5-hour long-term compensation, the relative residual compared to the empirical formula remains within 3 ppm, with a standard deviation of σ
E
= 9.4 × 10−7. Additionally, in long-distance measurements compared with the empirical formula, the NORO method demonstrates an agreement within 1.89 × 10−7 m for distances up to 12 m, without requiring environmental parameter sensing.
Using zero-inflated and hurdle regression models to analyze schistosomiasis data of school children in the southern areas of Ghana
Authors: Nketia Kojo , de Souza Dziedzom K. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease prevalent in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world, especially in Africa. Detecting the presence of the disease is based on the detection of the parasites in the stool or urine of children and adults. In such studies, typically, data collected on schistosomiasis infection includes information on many negative individuals leading to a high zero inflation. Thus, in practice, counts data with excessive zeros are common. However, the purpose of this analysis is to apply statistical models to the count data and evaluate their performance and results.

Methods
This is a secondary analysis of previously collected data. As part of a modelling process, a comparison of the Poisson regression, negative binomial regression and their associated zero inflated and hurdle models were used to determine which offered the best fit to the count data.

Results
Overall, 94.1% of the study participants did not have any schistosomiasis eggs out of 1345 people tested, resulting in a high zero inflation. The performance of the negative binomial regression models (hurdle negative binomial (HNB), zero inflated negative binomial (ZINB) and the standard negative binomial) were better than the Poisson-based regression models (Poisson, zero inflated Poisson, hurdle Poisson). The best models were the ZINB and HNB and their performances were indistinguishable according to information-based criteria test values.

Conclusion
The zero-inflated negative binomial and hurdle negative binomial models were found to be the most satisfactory fit for modelling the over-dispersed zero inflated count data and are recommended for use in future statistical modelling analyses.
Impact of social network composition on cognitive decline: Digital Dementia Registry Bavaria (digiDEM Bayern)
Authors: Laininger Lisa , Dietzel Nikolas , Graessel Elmar , Prokosch Hans-Ulrich , Kolominsky-Rabas Peter L. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Currently, there is no curative treatment for dementia. The implementation of preventive measures is of great importance. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and address individual and modifiable risk factors. Social isolation, defined through social networks, is a factor that may influence the onset and progression of the disease. The networks of older people are mostly composed of either family or friends. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of social isolation and network composition on cognition over the course of 12 months in people with cognitive impairment.

Methods
Data basis is the multicentre, prospective, longitudinal register study ‘Digital Dementia Registery Bavaria—digiDEM Bayern‘. The degree of social isolation was assessed using the Lubben Social Network Scale- Revised (LSNS-R) and the degree of cognitive impairment using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), conducted at baseline and after 12 months. Data were analysed using pre-post ANCOVA, adjusted for baseline MMSE, age, gender, education, living situation and Barthel-Index.

Results
106 subjects (78.9 ± 8.2 years; 66% female) were included in the analysis. The mean MMSE score at baseline was 24.3 (SD = 3.6). Within the friendship subscore, risk for social isolation was highly prevalent (42.5%). Though, there was no difference between individuals with higher/ lower risk of social isolation within the friendship-network after adjusting for common risk factors in cognitive decline over time, F (1,98) = .046, p = .831, partial η2 = .000.

Conclusion
The results of this study showed that the risk of social isolation from friends is very high among people with cognitive impairment. However, social isolation does not appear to have a bearing influence on the course of cognition. Nevertheless, it is important for people with cognitive impairment to promote and maintain close social contacts with friends.
Nurses’ perspectives on the provision of self-care management education to patients with heart failure: A qualitative study at Cardiac Hospital, Dar es Salaam Tanzania
Authors: Shirima Peter M. , Mkoka Dickson A. , Iseselo Masunga K. 
Published: July 2024

Background
Patients’ education along with a motivation for developing self-care management skills is an essential component in the management of heart failure(HF). Self-care management education has been practiced by nurses in many hospitals. However, there is inadequate evidence for the provision of self-care management education in low-income countries including Tanzania. Lack of self-care management education to patients with HF during discharge is the most common reason for re-admission to hospitals.

Aim
This study aimed to explore nurses’ perspectives focusing on facilitators and barriers to the provision of self-care management education to patients with heart failure at Jakaya Kikwete Cardiac Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Materials and methods
This study used a qualitative descriptive design. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 12 study participants. In-depth interviews were used to collect the data. We used thematic analysis to come up with the themes and sub-themes.

Results
The two major themes emerged from this study; The first theme is “Improved patient quality of life and health outcome” which describes factors that motivate nurses to continue giving self-care management education to heart failure patients. The second theme is “Reduced effective uptake of self-care management education” which describes nurses’perspectives on barriers for providing self-care management education to heart falure patients. Nurses highlight some barriers while providing self-care management education to patients with heart failure including;inadequate knowledge of self-care management among nurses, lack of privacy during the provision of self-care education, poor communication skills among nurses, and lack of learning materials. Also, nurses pointed out facilitators that influence the provision of self-care management education such as increased involvement of family members and the use of peer educators.

Conclusions and recommendations
Poor self-care management for patients with heart failure results in readmission and prolonged hospital stay. Family involvement and the use of peer educators are the key steps in the improvement of self-care management for patients with HF. However, patient cognitive impairment and poverty which contribute to poor health outcomes, should be taken into consideration when planning for discharge for patients with HF. Self-care management education should be part of routine health care.
Comparison of hospitalization events among residents of assisted living and nursing homes during COVID-19: Do settings respond differently during public health crises?
Authors: Maxwell Colleen J. , McArthur Eric , Hogan David B. , Dampf Hana , Poss Jeffrey , Amuah Joseph E. , Bronskill Susan E. , Youngson Erik , Hsu Zoe , Hoben Matthias 
Published: July 2024

Background
COVID-19 and resulting health system and policy decisions led to significant changes in healthcare use by nursing homes (NH) residents. It is unclear whether healthcare outcomes were similarly affected among older adults in assisted living (AL). This study compared hospitalization events in AL and NHs during COVID-19 pandemic waves 1 through 4, relative to historical periods.

Methods
This was a population-based, repeated cross-sectional study using linked clinical and health administrative databases (January 2018 to December 2021) for residents of all publicly subsidized AL and NH settings in Alberta, Canada. Setting-specific monthly cohorts were derived for pandemic (starting March 1, 2020) and comparable historical (2018/2019 combined) periods. Monthly rates (per 100 person-days) of all-cause hospitalization, hospitalization with delayed discharge, and hospitalization with death were plotted and rate ratios (RR) estimated for period (pandemic wave vs historical comparison), setting (AL vs NH) and period-setting interactions, using Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations, adjusting for resident and home characteristics.

Results
On March 1, 2020, there were 9,485 AL and 14,319 NH residents, comparable in age (mean 81 years), sex (>60% female) and dementia prevalence (58–62%). All-cause hospitalization rates declined in both settings during waves 1 (AL: adjusted RR 0.60, 95%CI 0.51–0.71; NH: 0.74, 0.64–0.85) and 4 (AL: 0.76, 0.66–0.88; NH: 0.65, 0.56–0.75) but unlike NHs, AL rates were not significantly lower during wave 2 (and increased 27% vs NH, January 2021). Hospitalization with delayed discharge increased in NHs only (during and immediately after wave 1). Both settings showed a significant increase in hospitalization with death in wave 2, this increase was larger and persisted longer for AL.

Conclusions
Pandemic-related changes in hospitalization events differed for AL and NH residents and by wave, suggesting unique system and setting factors driving healthcare use and outcomes in these settings in response to this external stress.
Association of Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) Use With Severity and Outcomes in Patients With Viral Hepatitis-Associated Acute Liver Failure
Authors: Lee William M. , Barnard Carson , Rule Jody A. , Orandi Babak J. , James Laura P. , Stravitz R. Todd , Durkalski Valerie , Fontana Robert J. ,   for the Acute Liver Failure Study Group
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Acute viral hepatitis (AVH) comprises 11% of acute liver failure (ALF) in North America while acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity represents 46%. The use of APAP to treat prodromal hepatitis symptoms is common. It is unknown if concurrent APAP use impacts liver injury in AVH-induced ALF.

METHODS:
In this prospective, multicenter cohort study, 356 patients meeting criteria for AVH including hepatitis A, B, Epstein-Barr virus, and herpes simplex virus, all leading to ALF (hepatic encephalopathy after acute illness, international normalized ratio ≥1.5), or acute liver injury (acute liver injury, international normalized ratio >2.0, no hepatic encephalopathy) were reviewed for evidence of APAP use: APAP ingestion history or measurement of serum APAP level or APAP-CYS adducts, a specific biomarker released into blood with APAP injury. Patients were grouped by APAP exposure level, from high (measurable APAP levels or toxic APAP-CYS), medium (therapeutic APAP-CYS), low (history of APAP ingestion only and/or barely detectable APAP-CYS), or no exposure recorded.

RESULTS:
Two hundred five of 356 patients (57.5%) with AVH-ALF had evidence of APAP use: 87 out of 356 (24%) demonstrated high or medium exposures. The aminotransferase and bilirubin levels of high/medium group resembled a mixed APAP-viral injury. Mortality was the highest (51.6%, 21.4%, 28.8%, and 30.5%), and transplant-free survival was the lowest (22.6%, 44.6%, 41.5%, and 40.4%) in the high exposure group compared with medium, low, and no exposure groups. However, the specific comparisons of mortality and transplant-free survival between the high exposure and no exposure groups were not statistically different even after adjusting for baseline patient characteristics differences.

DISCUSSION:
APAP use in AVH-ALF is common and may negatively impact outcomes compared with little or no APAP exposure. Prospective studies of the safest and effective dose of APAP to use in patients with AVH are needed.
The Survival Benefit of Reabstinence After Harmful Alcohol Use Following Early Liver Transplant for Severe Alcohol-Associated Hepatitis: A Multicenter ACCELERATE Study
Authors: Dukewich Matthew , Dodge Jennifer L. , Lucey Michael R. , Rice John P. , Shetty Kirti , Jakhete Neha , Im Gene Y. , Weinberg Ethan M. , Hsu Christine , Smith Coleman , Ghobrial R. Mark , Therapondos George , Shoreibah Mohamed , Aryan Mahmoud , Eswaran Sheila , Fix Oren K. , Maddur Haripriya , Terrault Norah , Lee Brian P. 
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Early (i.e., without mandated period of abstinence) liver transplant (LT) for alcohol-associated hepatitis is the fastest-growing indication for LT in the United States and Europe. Harmful alcohol use after LT is associated with poor outcomes, but the distinction of establishing abstinence after return to drinking (i.e., reabstinence) is understudied. This study aims to characterize the survival outcomes of achieving reabstinence after post-LT harmful alcohol use.

METHODS:
We analyzed early LT recipients from 12 US LT centers between 2006 and 2021. Post-LT alcohol use was characterized as harmful using criteria of “binge” (≥5 [men] or ≥4 [women] drinks in < 24 hours) or “frequent” (≥4 days in one week) by interview or phosphatidylethanol >20 ng/mL. Reabstinence was defined as ≥12 consecutive months without harmful alcohol use after harmful alcohol use.

RESULTS:
Among 347 LT recipients (64% male, median age 43, median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium score 38) with median post-LT follow-up of 2.2 years (interquartile interval 1.1–3.6), 276 (80%) recipients had no evidence of harmful alcohol use, 35 (10%) recipients had reabstinence, and 36 (10%) recipients had continued harmful alcohol use without reabstinence. Five-year predicted survival, adjusted for age, sex, and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium score, was lowest among LT recipients with continued harmful alcohol use (77%), but similar among those with no harmful use (93%) and reabstinence (94%).

DISCUSSION:
Achieving reabstinence after post-LT harmful alcohol use is associated with similar 5-year post-LT survival compared with those without evidence of post-LT harmful alcohol use. Our findings highlight the importance of early detection and treatment of post-LT alcohol use.
Isolated Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Gastritis Leading to Gastrocolic Fistula Formation
Authors: Shrivastava Samarth , Patel Neha 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are important immunotherapeutic tools with known potential for adverse events (immune-related adverse events [irAEs]) in the gastrointestinal system. Although ICI-induced colitis and diarrhea are well documented, irAEs localized to the stomach are less frequently described. The management of most irAEs is suspension of ICI therapy and immune suppression. In rare cases of ICI-induced gastritis, treatment strategies of immune suppression have been scarcely described. To our knowledge, there have been no reported cases of severe ICI-induced gastritis leading to fistula formation. This case report describes a patient with isolated ICI-induced gastritis leading to an ulcer with gastrocolic fistula and his treatment course.
Right ventricular diastolic adaptation to pressure overload in different rat strains
Authors: Axelsen Julie S. , Andersen Stine , Ringgaard Steffen , Smal Rowan , Lluciá‐Valldeperas Aida , Nielsen‐Kudsk Jens Erik , de Man Frances S. , Andersen Asger 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDifferent rat strains are used in various animal models of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular (RV) failure. No systematic assessment has been made to test differences in RV response to pressure overload between rat strains. We compared RV adaptation to pulmonary trunk banding (PTB) in Wistar (W), Sprague Dawley (SD), and Fischer344 (F) rats by hemodynamic profiling focusing on diastolic function. Age‐matched male rat weanlings were randomized to sham surgery (W‐sham, n = 5; SD‐sham, n = 4; F‐sham, n = 4) or PTB (W‐PTB, n = 8; SD‐PTB, n = 8; F‐PTB, n = 8). RV function was evaluated after 5 weeks by echocardiography, cardiac MRI, and invasive pressure‐volume measurements. PTB caused RV failure and increased RV systolic pressures four‐fold in all three PTB groups compared with sham. W‐ and SD‐PTB had a 2.4‐fold increase in RV end‐systolic volume index compared with sham, while F‐PTB rats were less affected. Diastolic and right atrial impairment were evident by increased RV end‐diastolic elastance, filling pressure, and E/e' in PTB rats compared with sham, again F‐PTB the least affected. In conclusions, PTB caused RV failure with signs of diastolic dysfunction. Despite a similar increase in RV systolic pressure, F‐PTB rats showed less RV dilatation and a more preserved diastolic function compared with W‐ and SD‐PTB.