bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acceleration and flotation of a glacier terminus during formation of a proglacial lake in Rhonegletscher, Switzerland
Authors: Tsutaki Shun , Sugiyama Shin , Nishimura Daisuke , Funk Martin 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn 2005 the ongoing retreat of Rhonegletscher, Switzerland, led to the formation of a proglacial lake. To investigate the influence of proglacial lake formation on the dynamics and evolution of glaciers, we measured horizontal flow velocity, vertical ice motion and water levels in boreholes with high spatial resolutions during the summer seasons of 2007–09. Annual flow speeds near the terminus increased by a factor of 2.7 from 2005/06 to 2007/08, and exceeded 20 m a−1 in 2009. The velocity increased towards the glacier front, indicating that the ice was thinning under a longitudinally stretching flow regime. Our observations show that the increase in flow speed near the terminus was due to increases in basal motion as a result of ice thinning. During summer 2009, the ice surface at the terminus moved vertically upwards by up to 4.69 m as the ice began to float on the lake. The observed ice motion can be explained by the upward bending of marginal ice and the formation of faults that cut through the entire ice thickness. We predict that if the current ice thinning continues, the basal water pressure will exceed the pressure exerted by the ice overburden, and the glacier will progressively disintegrate over an expanding area.
Preliminary Results of a Prospective Study on Severe Lower Limb Trauma: Analysis of Laboratory Tests as Predictors of Amputation
Authors: Garcia Diogo de Freitas Valeiro , de Sá Rafael Richard Clorado , de Oliveira Bernini Celso , Rasslan Samir 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT
The decision of either preserving a member or primary amputation (PA) in severe extremity trauma, especially in the presence of fractures, vascular injuries or serious injuries of soft tissues has always been a challenge for the trauma surgeon. The initial assessment with objective criteria like indexes, such as the Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) or the PSI, can aid in the differentiation of members that can be saved or should be amputated primarily. We report on the design and preliminary results of our ongoing prospective study analyzing laboratory test as predictors of amputation in severe lower limb trauma.

Materials and methods
All patients treated in our emergency department with severe lower limb trauma and open fractures (classified as Gustilo III) were included in this study. We collected blood for laboratory test of all patients at admission. All injured limb were photographed for posterior analysis and MESS classification.

Results
From March 15, 2012, to June 10, 2012, n = 20 patients were included in our study. PA was performed in eight (40%) and preserving procedures (PP) in 12 (60%). Mean age was 30 in PP group and 40.5 in PA. Mean systolic pressure at the emergency room was 130 mm Hg in PP and 107 mm Hg in PA. MESS index was calculated for all patients and the means were 5 for the PP group and 8 for the PA group. Laboratory test of the two groups were compared and statistically analyzed. Acidosis, arterial lactate levels and hemoglobin levels at admission had a statistical difference between the two groups: pH = 7.36 PP vs 7.18 PA (p = 0.001); lactate: PP = 25 vs PA = 63 (p < 0.001); hemoglobin: PP = 13.6 vs PA = 7.85 (p = 0.03).

Conclusion
Laboratory results of tests collected during initial assessment of patients with severe lower limb trauma are different between those submitted to PA or a PP.

How to cite this article
Garcia DFV, de Sá RRC, Bernini CO, Rasslan S . Preliminary Results of a Prospective Study on Severe Lower Limb Trauma: Analysis of Laboratory Tests as Predictors of Amputation. Panam J Trauma Critical Care Emerg Surg 2013;2(1):58-61.
Preparation and Characterization of Zeolite Membrane for Bioethanol Purification
Authors: Purbasari Aprilina , Istirokhatun Titik , Devi Ariestya Meta , Mahsunnah Lulluil , Susanto Heru 
Published: June 2013

The use of bioethanol as an alternative fuel with a purity of more than 99.5% wt has prompted research on bioethanol purification. One of the promising methods used for bioethanol purification is pervaporation membrane. This research is aimed to prepare and characterize zeolite membranes for pervaporation membrane. The membrane preparation consisted of two stages, namely support preparation and zeolite deposition on the support. In support preparation, α- alumina and kaolin with specific composition (50:30; 40:40; 50:30) was mixed with additives and water. After pugging and aging process, the mixture became paste and extruded into tubular shape. The tube was then calcined at temperature of 1250 °C for 3 hours. After that, zeolite 4A was deposited on the tubes using clear solution made of 10 %wt zeolite and 90 %wt water and heated at temperature of 80 °C for 3 hours. Furthermore, the resulting zeolite membranes was washed with deionized water for 5 minutes and dried in oven at temperature of 100 °C for 24 hours. Characterization of zeolite membranes included mechanical strength test, XRD, and SEM. In the mechanical strength test, the membrane sample with α- alumina:kaolin = 50:30 (membrane A) has the highest mechanical strength of 46.65 N/mm2. Result of XRD analysis for the membrane A indicated that mullite and corundum phases were formed, which mullite phase was more dominant. Meanwhile the result of SEM analysis shows that zeolite crystals have been formed and covered the pores support, but the deposition of zeolite has not been optimal yet. The performance examination for bioethanol purification showed that the membrane could increase the purity of bioethanol from 95% to 98.5% wt. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Vertically Aligned Hybrid Core/Shell Semiconductor Nanowires for Photonics Applications
Authors: Macias‐Montero Manuel , Filippin A. Nicolas , Saghi Zineb , Aparicio Francisco J. , Barranco Angel , Espinos Juan P. , Frutos Fabian , Gonzalez‐Elipe Agustin R. , Borras Ana 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA family of 1D organic/inorganic core/shell materials formed by an inner organic nanowire (ONW) conformally covered with an inorganic wide band gap semiconductor (ZnO or TiO2) layer is presented. The developed procedure is a two‐steps vacuum methodology involving the formation of supported single crystal small‐molecule nanowires by physical vapor deposition and plasma enhance chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of the inorganic shell. Critical characteristics of the last technique are the possibilities of low temperature and remote configuration deposition. Additionally, an initial step has to be included in order to create nucleation centers for the growth of the ONWs. The procedure and its general character in terms of the variability in organic core and inorganic shells composition and the applicability of the technique to different substrates are presented. The formation of the inorganic shell with no damage of the organic core single‐crystalline structure is demonstrated by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The vertical alignment of the hybrid nanostructure is achieved thanks to the interaction of the 1D organic nanostructured surfaces and the glow discharge during the deposition of the inorganic shell by PECVD. The optical properties of these core/shell NWs are studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy, and their application as nanoscale waveguides in the 550–750 nm range addressed.
Financial crisis and collapsed banks: Psychological distress and work related factors among surviving employees—A nation‐wide study
Authors: Snorradóttir Ásta , Vilhjálmsson Rúnar , Rafnsdóttir Guðbjörg Linda , Tómasson Kristinn 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAimThe study considered psychological distress among surviving bank employees differently entangled in downsizing and restructuring following the financial crisis of 2008.MethodsA cross‐sectional, nationwide study was conducted among surviving employees (N = 1880, response rate 68%). Multivariate analysis was conducted to assess factors associated with psychological distress.ResultsIn the banks, where all employees experienced rapid and unpredictable organizational changes, psychological distress was higher among employees most entangled in the downsizing and restructuring process. Being subjected to downsizing within own department, salary cut, and transfer to another department, was directly related to increased psychological distress, controlling for background factors. The associations between downsizing, restructuring, and distress were reduced somewhat by adding job demands, job control, and empowering leadership to the model, however, adding social support had little effect on these associations.ConclusionEmployees most entangled in organizational changes are the most vulnerable and should be prioritized in workplace interventions during organizational changes. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:1095–1106, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sleep disturbance, distress, and quality of life in ovarian cancer patients during the first year after diagnosis
Authors: Clevenger Lauren , Schrepf Andrew , DeGeest Koenraad , Bender David , Goodheart Michael , Ahmed Amina , Dahmoush Laila , Penedo Frank , Lucci Joseph , Thaker Premal H. , Mendez Luis , Sood Anil K. , Slavich George M. , Lutgendorf Susan K. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUNDSleep disturbance is a common clinical complaint of oncology patients and contributes to substantial morbidity. However, because most sleep studies have been cross‐sectional, associations between sleep quality and distress in patients with ovarian cancer over time remain unclear. This prospective longitudinal study examined rates of sleep disturbance; contributions of depression, anxiety, and medication use in sleep disturbance; and associations between sleep quality and quality of life (QOL) during the first year after diagnosis among women with ovarian cancer.METHODSWomen with a pelvic mass completed measures of sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and QOL before surgery. Those diagnosed with primary epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer repeated surveys at 6 months and 1 year after diagnosis. Mixed modeling was used to examine trajectories of psychosocial measures over time, as well as associations between changes in distress and sleep quality. Relationships between changes in sleep and QOL were also examined.RESULTSThe majority of patients reported disturbed global sleep (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index > 5) at all 3 time points. Medications for sleep and pain were associated with worse sleep at all time points. Greater increases in depression were associated with increased disturbances in sleep quality over time (P < .04). Worsening sleep was also associated with declines in QOL over time (P < .001).CONCLUSIONSSleep disturbance is common and persistent in women with ovarian cancer, and is linked to depressive symptoms and QOL. Pharmacologic treatment does not appear to adequately address this problem. Results highlight the need for ongoing screening and intervention for sleep disturbance in this population. Cancer 2013;119:3234–3241. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
The demarcation between younger and older acute myeloid leukemia patients: A pooled analysis of 3 prospective studies
Authors: Yanada Masamitsu , Ohtake Shigeki , Miyawaki Shuichi , Sakamaki Hisashi , Sakura Toru , Maeda Tomoya , Miyamura Koichi , Asou Norio , Oh Iekuni , Miyatake Junichi , Kanbayashi Hiroyuki , Takeuchi Jin , Takahashi Masatomo , Dobashi Nobuaki , Kiyoi Hitoshi , Miyazaki Yasushi , Emi Nobuhiko , Kobayashi Yukio , Ohno Ryuzo , Naoe Tomoki ,   for the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUNDContemporary treatment protocols for adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are age‐specific, and older patients are generally treated less intensively than younger patients. However, it remains uncertain whether older but fit patients with AML really need to have their treatment attenuated.METHODSTo evaluate the contribution of age to outcome for patients with AML receiving intensive chemotherapy, data were analyzed for 2276 patients aged less than 65 years who were treated uniformly, regardless of age, in 3 consecutive prospective studies conducted by the Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group.RESULTSA substantial drop in overall survival (OS) between patients aged 40 to 49 years and 50 to 64 years led to a focus on 2 comparisons: 1) age < 50 versus ≥ 50 years; and 2) age 50 to 54 versus 55 to 59 versus 60 to 64 years. OS was significantly better for patients aged < 50 years than that for those aged ≥ 50 years (49.6% and 37.0% at 5 years; P < .001); older patients were more susceptible to relapse, but not to early death or nonrelapse mortality. The significant differences in OS between these 2 age groups were equally seen for patients with favorable, intermediate, and adverse cytogenetics (P < .001 each). Outcomes for those aged 50 to 54, 55 to 59, and 60 to 64 years were similar, with 5‐year OS rates of 38.2%, 35.1%, and 38.0%, respectively (P = .934), and no differences in early death or nonrelapse mortality were observed among these age groups.CONCLUSIONSThese findings justify the use of intensive chemotherapy without dose attenuation toward older but fit patients with AML, at least up to the age of 64 years. Cancer 2013;119:3326–33. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy: A potentially curable approach to early stage multiple primary lung cancer
Authors: Chang Joe Y. , Liu Yung‐Hsien , Zhu Zhengfei , Welsh James W. , Gomez Daniel R. , Komaki Ritsuko , Roth Jack A. , Swisher Stephen G. 
Published: June 2013

BACKGROUNDSurgical resection has been the standard treatment for early stage multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC). However, a significant proportion of patients with MPLC cannot undergo surgery. For this report, the authors explored the role of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) for patients with MPLC.METHODSPatients with MPLC who received SABR (50 grays [Gy] in 4 fractions or 70 Gy in 10 fractions) for the second tumor were reviewed. Four‐dimensional, computed tomography‐based, planning/volumetric image‐guided treatment was used for all patients. Treatment outcomes/toxicities were analyzed.RESULTSFor the 101 patients who received SABR, at a median follow‐up of 36 months and with a median overall survival (OS) of 46 months, the 2‐year and 4‐year in‐field local control rates were 97.4% and 95.7%, respectively. The 2‐year and 4‐year OS rates were 73.2% and 47.5%, respectively; and the progression‐free survival (PFS) rates were 67% and 58%, respectively. Patients who had metachronous tumors had better OS and PFS than patients who had synchronous tumors (2‐year OS: 80.6% metachronous vs 61.5% synchronous; 4‐year OS: 52.7% vs 39.7%, respectively; P = .047; 2‐year PFS: 84.7% vs 49.4%, respectively; 4‐year PFS: 75.6% vs 30.4%, respectively; P = .0001). For patients who either underwent surgery or received SABR for an index tumor, the incidence of grade ≥3 radiation pneumonitis was 3% (2 of 71 patients); however, this increased to 17% (5 of 30 patients) for those who received conventional radiotherapy for an index tumor. Other grade ≥3 toxicities included grade 3 chest wall pain (3 of 101 patients; 3%) and grade 3 skin toxicity (1 of 101 patients; 1%).CONCLUSIONSSABR achieves promising long‐term tumor control and survival and may be a potential curative treatment for early stage MPLC. Cancer 2013;119:3402–10. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Effects of deformation on transmural dispersion of repolarization using in silico models of human left ventricular wedge
Authors: de Oliveira B. L. , Rocha B. M. , Barra L. P. S. , Toledo E. M. , Sundnes J. , Weber dos Santos R. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYMechanical deformation affects the electrical activity of the heart through multiple feedback loops. The purpose of this work is to study the effect of deformation on transmural dispersion of repolarization and on surface electrograms using an in silico human ventricular wedge. To achieve this purpose, we developed a strongly coupled electromechanical cell model by coupling a human left ventricle electrophysiology model and an active contraction model reparameterized for human cells. This model was then embedded in tissue simulations on the basis of bidomain equations and nonlinear solid mechanics. The coupled model was used to evaluate effects of mechanical deformation on important features of repolarization and electrograms. Our results indicate an increase in the T‐wave amplitude of the surface electrograms in simulations that account for the effects of cardiac deformation. This increased T‐wave amplitude can be explained by changes to the coupling between neighboring myocytes, also known as electrotonic effect. The thickening of the ventricular wall during repolarization contributes to the decoupling of cells in the transmural direction, enhancing action potential heterogeneity and increasing both transmural repolarization dispersion and T‐wave amplitude of surface electrograms. The simulations suggest that a considerable percentage of the T‐wave amplitude (15%) may be related to cardiac deformation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequency of hybridization between Ostrinia nubilalis E‐and Z‐pheromone races in regions of sympatry within the United States
Authors: Coates Brad S. , Johnson Holly , Kim Kyung‐Seok , Hellmich Richard L. , Abel Craig A. , Mason Charles , Sappington Thomas W. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFemale European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, produce and males respond to sex pheromone blends with either E‐ or Z‐Δ11‐tetradecenyl acetate as the major component. E‐ and Z‐race populations are sympatric in the Eastern United States, Southeastern Canada, and the Mediterranean region of Europe. The E‐ and Z‐pheromone races of O. nubilalis are models for incipient species formation, but hybridization frequencies within natural populations remain obscure due to lack of a high‐throughput phenotyping method. Lassance et al. previously identified a pheromone gland‐expressed fatty‐acyl reductase gene (pgfar) that controls the ratio of Δ11‐tetradecenyl acetate stereoisomers. We identified three single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers within pgfar that are differentially fixed between E‐ and Z‐race females, and that are ≥98.2% correlated with female pheromone ratios measured by gas chromatography. Genotypic data from locations in the United States demonstrated that pgfar‐z alleles were fixed within historically allopatric Z‐pheromone race populations in the Midwest, and that hybrid frequency ranged from 0.00 to 0.42 within 11 sympatric sites where the two races co‐occur in the Eastern United States (mean hybridization frequency or heterozygosity (HO) = 0.226 ± 0.279). Estimates of hybridization between the E‐ and Z‐races are important for understanding the dynamics involved in maintaining race integrity, and are consistent with previous estimates of low levels of genetic divergence between E‐ and Z‐races and the presence of weak prezygotic mating barriers.
A comparative study of truly incompressible and weakly compressible SPH methods for free surface incompressible flows
Authors: Chen Z. , Zong Z. , Liu M. B. , Li H. T. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYIn this paper, the performance of the incompressible SPH (ISPH) method and an improved weakly compressible SPH (IWCSPH) method for free surface incompressible flows are compared and analyzed. In both methods, the Navier–Stokes equations are solved, and no artificial viscosity is used. The ISPH algorithm in this paper is based on the classical SPH projection method with common treatments on solid boundaries and free surfaces. The IWCSPH model includes some advanced corrective algorithms in density approximation and solid boundary treatment (SBT). In density approximation, the moving least squares (MLS) approach is applied to re‐initialize density every several steps to obtain smoother and more stable pressure fields. An improved coupled dynamic SBT algorithm is implemented to obtain stable pressure values near solid wall areas and, thus, to minimize possible numerical oscillations brought in by the solid boundaries. Three representative numerical examples, including a benchmark test for hydrostatic pressure, a dam breaking problem and a liquid sloshing problem, are comparatively analyzed with ISPH and IWCSPH. It is demonstrated that the present IWCSPH is more attractive than ISPH in modeling free surface incompressible flows as it is more accurate and more stable with comparable or even less computational efforts. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Are plasma bubbles a prerequisite for the formation of broad plasma depletions in the equatorial F region?
Authors: Kil Hyosub , Lee Woo Kyoung 
Published: June 2013

AbstractFormation of broad plasma depletions (BPDs) at night in the equatorial F region is understood in association with plasma bubbles. However, we report BPDs that do not show a connection with bubbles. The characteristics of BPDs are investigated using the observations of the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite on 31 December 2008, 28 July 2010, and 1 February 2011. On those days, BPDs are detected in the longitude regions where C/NOFS did not detect bubbles prior to the detection of BPDs. The coincident C/NOFS and radar observations over Jicamarca in Peru show the occurrence of BPDs at the time when backscatter echoes are absent and at the height below backscatter echoes. These observations indicate that bubbles are not a prerequisite for those BPDs. The detections of those BPDs can be explained by the uplift of the equatorial F region peak height above the satellite orbit.
IL‐33/IL‐31 axis: A new pathological mechanisms for EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors‐associated skin toxicity
Authors: Gangemi Sebastiano , Franchina Tindara , Minciullo Paola Lucia , Profita Mirella , Zanghì Mariangela , David Antonio , Kennez Ivanna , Adamo Vincenzo 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe dermatologic side effects are the most common adverse effects associated with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Although the mechanisms underlying the development of the skin toxicity remain unclear, immunological mechanisms are considered to be involved. A possible correlation between plasma levels of certain cytokines and development of skin toxicity has been reported. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible contribution of IL‐31 and IL‐33, cytokines involved in disorders associated with itching, in the pathogenesis of pruritus in patients undergoing EGFR‐TK inhibitors. We report a significant increase of IL‐31 and IL‐33 serum levels in a patient with a bronchioalveolar carcinoma, who had showed previous skin rash, xerosis, and pruritus during treatment with different EGFR‐TK inhibitors. She developed intense iching during gefitinib therapy. Therefore, we had collected patient blood sample to evaluate IL‐31 and IL‐33 serum levels compared to controls, reporting a significant increase in serum of patient. In the light of these findings, EGFR‐TK inhibitors‐related symptoms of dermatologic toxicities might be related to the release of IL‐31 and IL‐33. In particular, it is supposable that EGFR‐TK inhibitors could cause keratinocytes injury, the release of IL‐33 and the consequent interaction with its receptor on mast cells, that induces the secretion of several factors capable to cause skin manifestations, included IL‐31, a known pruritus‐inducing cytokine. This report, to the best of our knowledge, is the first work describing a possible involvement of IL‐31/IL‐33 axis in the pathogenesis of skin side effects related to EGFR‐TK inhibitors treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 2673–2676, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.