bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White‐tailed deer fawn recruitment before and after experimental coyote removals in central Georgia
Authors: Gulsby William D. , Killmaster Charlie H. , Bowers John W. , Kelly James D. , Sacks Benjamin N. , Statham Mark J. , Miller Karl V. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTRecent evidence from across the southeastern United States indicating high predation rates by coyotes (Canis latrans) on white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) fawns has led some managers to implement coyote control. Although some evidence suggests coyote control can improve recruitment, success appears to be site dependent. Therefore, we designed an experiment to assess feasibility of coyote control as a management action to increase recruitment on B.F. Grant and Cedar Creek Wildlife Management Areas (WMA) in central Georgia, USA. We estimated annual coyote abundance during 2010–2012 using a noninvasive mark–recapture design and fawn recruitment using infrared‐triggered camera surveys. During March–June 2011 and March–April 2012, trappers removed coyotes from both sites. Estimates of coyote abundance on B.F. Grant WMA after trapping were 81% (2011) and 24% (2012) lower than during preremoval. Coyote abundance estimates were similar among years on Cedar Creek WMA. Fawn recruitment on B.F. Grant WMA averaged 0.65 fawns/adult female prior to removal and 1.01 fawns/adult female during the 2 years following the removals. Fawn recruitment on Cedar Creek WMA did not differ among years during the study, and was similar to that prior to coyote arrival. The differential coyote impacts and variable effectiveness of trapping we observed on nearby sites suggest coyote control may not achieve management objectives in some areas. Furthermore, transient behavior and the potential for coyotes to adapt to control efforts likely reduce efficacy of this management action. However, we observed an increase in recruitment on B.F. Grant WMA during one year, and others have seen similar responses. Therefore if lowered fawn recruitment is hindering achievement of management objectives, we recommend managers who opt to control coyotes continuously monitor recruitment to determine whether a response occurs. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Three Silver(I) Coordination Polymers Constructed from Flexible Bis(benzimidazole) and Carboxylates Ligands
Authors: Wang Xiao Xiao , Liu Yong Guang , Van Hecke Kristof , Goltsev Andrey , Cui Guang Hua 
Published: March 2015

AbstractUnder hydrothermal conditions, three new AgI coordination polymers, [Ag(L1)(Hmip)]n (1), [Ag(L2)0.5(ndc)0.5]n (2), and {[Ag(L3)0.5(Htbi)]·0.25H2O}n (3) [H2mip = 5‐methylisophthalic acid, L1 = 1,4‐bis(2‐methylbenzimidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, H2ndc = 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, L2 = 1,3‐bis(2‐methylbenzimidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene, H2tbi = 5‐tert‐butyl isophthalic acid, L3 = 1,4‐bis(5,6‐dimethylbenzimidazole)butane] were synthesized by employing flexible bis(benzimidazole) and dicarboxylic acid ligands. Polymer 1 displays a 2D 4‐connected 4L2 underlying net topology with the point symbol of (65.8) in standard representation. Compound 2 possesses a 2D uninodal 4‐connected Shubnikov tetragonal plane net (sql) based on a dinuclear AgI clusters with the point symbol (44.62), which is further extended into a 3D supramolecular framework by π–π interactions. Compound 3 possesses dinuclear molecular complex groups, which form chains by weak Ag–O (2.6 Å) coordination bonds, and further assembled into a 2D supramolecular layer by hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions. These complexes exhibit intense fluorescent emissions in solid state. UV/Vis diffuse reflection spectra and the excellent catalytic activity for the degradation of the congo red azo dye in a Fenton‐like process are discussed.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Properties of a Copper Coordination Polymer with Unprecedented Topology
Authors: Xu Heng , Zhu Chang‐Hai , Xue Chen , Gao Ying‐Chun , Huang Rong‐Yi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA copper cyanide coordination polymer [Cu8(CN)8(bbtz)2]n (1) [bbtz = 1,4‐bis(1,2,4‐trizal‐1‐ylmethyl)benzene] was synthesized following a synchronous redox and self‐assembly reaction under the solvothermal condition, and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Interestingly, complex 1 exhibits a two‐dimensional conjugated pillared double‐layer architecture and an unprecedented (3,3,4)‐connected network with the point symbol (6.7.10)2(6.72)2(62.73.10) topology. Moreover, the thermogravimetric analysis indicates complex 1 has highly thermal stability, and the solid‐state emission spectrum for its crystalline material displays a strong green luminescence band (λmax = 565 nm) at room temperature. The electrochemical behavior of complex 1 is determined by the scan rates in the range from –0.5 to +0.3 V at room temperature, and exhibits different redox processes.
Engagement and Disengagement in Mutual‐Help Addiction Recovery Housing: A Test of Affective Events Theory
Authors: Beasley Christopher R. , Jason Leonard A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study tested an affective events theory (AET) model in the Oxford House network of recovery homes. Residents’ congruence with their home (P–E fit) was hypothesized to directly influence behavior that supported the house and other residents—citizenship behavior. We further hypothesized P–E fit would be related to member intentions to leave, with attitudes toward the home mediating that relationship. To assess this, we administered a cross‐sectional national survey to 296 residents of 83 randomly selected Oxford Houses. Although the AET model demonstrated good fit with the data, an alternative model fit better. This alternative model suggested an additional indirect relationship between P–E fit and citizenship mediated by attitudes. Results suggested affective experiences such as feeling like one fits with a community may influence engagement and disengagement. There appears to be a direct influence of fit on citizenship behavior and an indirect influence of fit through recovery home attitudes on both citizenship and intentions to leave the home. We conclude affective experiences could be important for community engagement and disengagement but AET may need to integrate cognitive dissonance theory.
Two Year Clinical Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty Are Not Dependent on Femoral Head Composition
Authors: Ast Michael P. , Lyman Stephen , Gorab Alexandra H. , Parkes Natalie , Boles John , Lee Yuo-yu , Westrich Geoffrey H. 
Published: March 2015

Background Assessment of clinical outcomes and patient quality of life after total hip arthroplasty continues to grow in importance with the focus on how bearing surfaces affect long-term survival, wear, and cost. Further, as quality measures have become incorporated into reimbursement, there is a need to quantify factors which may influence these outcomes. Currently, there is a paucity of literature regarding the effects of the femoral head composition on clinical outcomes or quality of life. Questions/Purposes We sought to determine if any difference in quality of life measures could be detected in patients treated with total hip replacement implanted with cobalt-chrome (CoCr) versus ceramic femoral heads at 2-year follow-up. Methods We compared the hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score (HOOS) and EuroQOL (EQ5D) scores of a matched set of patients that underwent primary total hip arthroplasty with highly cross-linked polyethylene (HXLPE) and a single implant system consisting of either a metal or a ceramic femoral head. Results Clinical outcomes and quality of life improved for both groups after hip replacement surgery. Patients with a ceramic head showed greater improvement than those with a metal head in HOOS pain and EQ5D VAS scores by a statistically significant margin ( p = 0.0417 and 0.019, respectively), but the differences between the HOOS and EQ5D VAS scores (3.4 and 0.04, respectively) do not demonstrate a clinically significant difference. Conclusions We found that the femoral head composition has no effect on clinical outcomes or patient quality of life at 2 years.
Recommendations for the use of tree models to estimate national forest biomass and assess their uncertainty
Authors: Henry Matieu , Cifuentes Jara Miguel , Réjou-Méchain Maxime , Piotto Daniel , Michel Fuentes José María , Wayson Craig , Alice Guier Federico , Castañeda Lombis Héctor , Castellanos López Edwin , Cuenca Lara Ruby , Cueva Rojas Kelvin , Del Águila Pasquel Jhon , Duque Montoya Álvaro , Fernández Vega Javier , Jiménez Galo Abner , López Omar R. , Marklund Lars Gunnar , Milla Fabián , de Jesús Návar Cahidez José , Malavassi Edgar Ortiz , Pérez Johnny , Ramírez Zea Carla , Rangel García Luis , Rubilar Pons Rafael , Sanquetta Carlos , Scott Charles , Westfall James , Zapata-Cuartas Mauricio , Saint-André Laurent 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Key message

Three options are proposed to improve the accuracy of national forest biomass estimates and decrease the uncertainty related to tree model selection depending on available data and national contexts.

Introduction

Different tree volume and biomass equations result in different estimates. At national scale, differences of estimates can be important while they constitute the basis to guide policies and measures, particularly in the context of climate change mitigation.

Method

Few countries have developed national tree volume and biomass equation databases and have explored its potential to decrease uncertainty of volume and biomasttags estimates. With the launch of the GlobAllomeTree webplatform, most countries in the world could have access to country-specific databases. The aim of this article is to recommend approaches for assessing tree and forest volume and biomass at national level with the lowest uncertainty. The article highlights the crucial need to link allometric equation development with national forest inventory planning efforts.

Results

Models must represent the tree population considered. Data availability; technical, financial, and human capacities; and biophysical context, among other factors, will influence the calculation process.

Conclusion

Three options are proposed to improve accuracy of national forest assessment depending on identified contexts. Further improvements could be obtained through improved forest stratification and additional non-destructive field campaigns.
Brain morphometry of individuals with schizophrenia with and without antipsychotic medication – The Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 Study
Authors: Moilanen J. , Huhtaniska S. , Haapea M. , Jääskeläinen E. , Veijola J. , Isohanni M. , Koponen H. , Miettunen J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn schizophrenia, brain morphometric changes may be associated with antipsychotic medication. Only limited data is available concerning individuals with schizophrenia without antipsychotic medication. We aimed to study the associations of: use versus no use of antipsychotic medication; length of continuous time without antipsychotic medication; cumulative dose of lifetime antipsychotic medication; and type of antipsychotic medication; with brain morphometry in schizophrenia after an average of 10 years of illness.MethodsData of 63 individuals with schizophrenia (mean duration of illness 10.4 years) from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 were gathered by interview and from hospital and outpatient records. Structural MRI data at age 34 years were acquired and grey matter volume maps with voxel-based morphometry were analyzed using FSL tools.ResultsOf the individuals studied, 15 (24%) had taken no antipsychotic medication during the previous year. Individuals with antipsychotic medication had lower total grey matter (TGM) volume compared with non-medicated subjects, although this association was not statistically significant (Cohen's d = –0.51, P = 0.078). Time without antipsychotic medication associated with increased TGM (P = 0.028). Longer time without antipsychotic medication associated with increased regional volume in right precentral gyrus and right middle frontal gyrus. There were no associations between cumulative dose of lifetime antipsychotic medication or type of antipsychotic medication and brain morphometry.ConclusionsUnlike some previous investigators, we found no association between cumulative dose of lifetime antipsychotic medication and brain morphological changes in this population-based sample. However, longer continuous time without antipsychotic medication preceding the MRI scan associated with increased gray matter volume.
Glycaemic and insulin responses, glycaemic index and insulinaemic index values of rice between three Asian ethnic groups
Authors: Tan V. M. H. , Wu T. , Henry C. J. , Lee Y. S. 
Published: March 2015

Asians exhibit larger glycaemic response (GR) and insulin response (IR) than Caucasians, predisposing to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to determine the GR and IR as well as the glycaemic index (GI) and insulinaemic index (II) of two rice varieties among three ethnic groups in Singapore. A total of seventy-five healthy males (twenty-five Chinese, twenty-five Malay and twenty-five Asian-Indians) were served the available equivalent carbohydrate amounts (50 g) of test foods (Jasmine rice and Basmati rice) and a reference food (glucose) on separate occasions. Postprandial blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured at fasting ( − 5 and 0 min) and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after food consumption. Using the trapezoidal rule, GR, IR, GI and II values were determined. The GR did not differ between ethnic groups for Jasmine rice and Basmati rice. The IR was consistently higher for Jasmine rice (P= 0·002) and Basmati rice (P= 0·002) among Asian-Indians, probably due to compensatory hyperinsulinaemia to maintain normoglycaemia. The GI and II of both rice varieties did not differ significantly between ethnicities. The overall mean GI for Jasmine rice and Basmati rice were 91 (sd 21) and 59 (sd 15), respectively. The overall mean II for Jasmine rice was 76 (sd 26) and for Basmati rice was 57 (sd 24). We conclude that the GI values presented for Jasmine rice and Basmati rice were applicable to all three ethnic groups in Singapore. Future studies should include deriving the II for greater clinical utility in the prevention and management of T2DM.
Gut instinct: a diagnostic tool?
Authors: Iqbal I Z , Kara N , Hartley C 
Published: March 2015

AbstractObjectives:It is generally accepted that with experience clinicians develop the ability to identify patients who present with malignancy prior to a formal diagnosis. This ability cannot be quantified, nor is it a plausible substitute for investigation. This study aimed to evaluate the association between instinct and head and neck cancer diagnosis.Methods:A prospective study of patients requiring urgent diagnostic procedures for suspected cancer between August and December 2010 was performed. Risk factors, symptoms, signs and the clinician's impression were recorded. These were graded and subsequently correlated with histology findings.Results:Twenty-seven patients, with a mean age of 62.2 years, underwent a diagnostic procedure. Thirty per cent of patients were referred under the two-week pathway and 18.5 per cent had a previous history of head and neck cancer. A diagnosis of cancer was made in 37 per cent of patients. There was a positive correlation between clinical suspicion and cancer diagnosis (Kendall's tau-b = 0.648749).Conclusion:This study highlights the importance of clinical suspicion in cancer diagnosis. Although clinical suspicion cannot be quantified, it should be regarded as an integral part of patient assessment.
A comparative histopathological study of vocal fold polyps in smokers versus non-smokers
Authors: Effat K G , Milad M 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground:A large proportion of patients with vocal fold polyps are cigarette smokers. However, prior to this report no comparative study of polyp histopathology in smokers versus non-smokers had been performed.Methods:A prospective histopathological study of vocal fold polyps excised from 29 patients was undertaken. This comprised a comparative analysis of polyp histopathology in smokers versus non-smokers and a review of the pertinent literature.Results:Vocal fold polyps were larger in smokers than in non-smokers. Histopathological features significantly associated with the polyps of smokers versus those of non-smokers were increased keratinisation, dysplasia, a basement membrane thinning and hyaline degeneration.Conclusion:Cigarette smoke has an injurious effect on vocal fold polyp epithelium and leads to increased hyaline degeneration in polyps.
Factors associated with delays in head and neck cancer treatment: case–control study
Authors: Nash R , Hughes J , Sandison A , Stewart S , Clarke P , Mace A 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBackground:Delays in head and neck cancer treatment lead to increased mortality, more extensive treatment and patient anxiety. We aim to treat all patients with cancer within 62 days of receipt of a referral. An analysis was conducted of those patients whose treatment had been delayed in order to identify factors associated with treatment delay.Methods:In this retrospective case–control study, 50 patients whose treatment was delayed were identified and compared with 50 patients whose treatment was not delayed. Individual factors assessed included patient age, co-morbidity, tumour location and stage, the treatment agreed, the hospitals to which the patients were referred, and the clinicians they saw.Results:There was a significant association between referral to a non-head and neck cancer centre, or review by a non-head and neck multidisciplinary team member, and treatment delay.Conclusion:In the context of centralisation of head and neck cancer services, it is important to consider delays that may be associated with a ‘hub and spoke’ model of service provision.
Associations between Benzodiazepine Use and Neuropsychological Test Scores in Older Adults
Authors: Helmes Edward , Østbye Truls 
Published: March 2015

RÉSUMÉLes benzodiazépines sont largement prescrits pour l'anxiété, bien que l'utilisation de cette classe de médicaments fût associée à la dépendance et les changements cognitifs. Cet article décrit une étude dans laquelle j'ai examiné la relation entre une* classe des benzodiazépines disponibles pour l'utilisation et le rendement lié aux tests neuro-psychologiques dans un échantillon de communauté de 1 754 Canadiens âgés de l'Etude canadienne sur la santé et le vieillissement. Les benzodiazépines ont été classés comme ayant une action de courte durée, intermédiare ou longue. À l'aide d'une analyse de régression multiple, et tenant compte de variables démographiques, les associations ont été calculées entre chaque catégorie de benzodiazépine et huit mesures neuro-psychologiques. Les résultats ont révélé des effets différents au sein des classes des trois médicaments; les benzodiazépines avec une courte demi-vie n'etaient associées à aucune mesure neuro-psychologique. Chacune des benzodiazépines à demi-vie intermédiare et à longue demi-vie ont été associée à deux mesures. Afin d'améliorer notre compréhension de la façon dont l'utilisation des benzodiazépines influence la cognition, une concentration accrue sur des domaines spécifiques de la fonction cognitive est requise.
Sexual health and sexual activity in later life
Authors: Nash Paul , Willis Paul , Tales Andrea , Cryer Thomas 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThe population is ageing and the rights, welfare and wellbeing of this age cohort are becoming more globally prominent and the focus of much policy development. Whilst research is leading the way and informing this in many spheres of an older person's life, this is not the case for sexual health. Campaigns of sexual health literacy and intervention are targeted at ‘at-risk’ cohorts, largely ignoring those over 60 years of age. With increases in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in this age group and the potentially serious nature of untreated conditions, this review highlights the need for increased research, health literacy and targeted interventions. Social, societal and physical barriers preventing older adults engaging with safer sex have been identified, highlighting the extent of the attitudinal and policy shifts required to provide age parity.
Dormancy in cereals (not too much, not so little): about the mechanisms behind this trait
Authors: Rodríguez María V. , Barrero José M. , Corbineau Francoise , Gubler Frank , Benech-Arnold Roberto L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAs in other cultivated species, dormancy can be seen as a problem in cereal production, either due to its short duration or to its long persistence. Indeed, cereal crops lacking enough dormancy at harvest can be exposed to pre-harvest sprouting damage, while a long-lasting dormancy can interfere with processes that rely on rapid germination, such as malting or the emergence of a uniform crop. Because the ancestors of cereal species evolved under very diverse environments worldwide, different mechanisms have arisen as a way of sensing an appropriate germination environment (a crucial factor for winter or summer annuals such as cereals). In addition, different species (and even different varieties within the same species) display diverse grain morphology, allowing some structures to impose dormancy in some cereals but not in others. As in seeds from many other species, the antagonism between the plant hormones abscisic acid and gibberellins is instrumental in cereal grains for the inception, expression, release and re-induction of dormancy. However, the way in which this antagonism operates is different for the various species and involves different molecular steps as regulatory sites. Environmental signals (i.e. temperature, light quality and quantity, oxygen levels) can modulate this hormonal control of dormancy differently, depending on the species. The practical implications of knowledge accumulated in this field are discussed.
‘Queering Genealogy Through Wills’
Authors: Monk Daniel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWills are an overlooked source. Alongside birth, death and marriage certificates they are official legal texts that provide a record of families, kinship and personal life. They have a particular significance for research about gender and sexuality. This paper, by Daniel Monk, highlights some of the insights that they can provide and discusses the methods (and associated pitfalls) for accessing and reading them.
The Scene of The Crime: Police Photographs, Visual Culture and Sexuality
Authors: Janes Dominic 
Published: March 2015

AbstractVisual materials are often neglected by legal researchers. However, as Dominic Janes explains, attitudes to appearances played an important role in the way in which many criminal investigations were undertaken, notably in the years prior to the Sexual Offences Act (1967). Analysis of aspects of visual culture played a role in the detection of many forms of illegal behaviour and the resulting materials provide a valuable resource for the contemporary researcher. These issues are explored through a case study that involves reading between a painting by the British expressionist Francis Bacon (1909–92) and a photograph in the National Archives taken during a police raid on a London flat in 1927.
The Admission of Women into the Legal Profession: a Guide to Archival Sources at IALS
Authors: Dawson Elizabeth 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe article, by Elizabeth Dawson, provides a brief guide to some potential archival sources at IALS for gender based research, focussing particularly on the admission of women to the legal profession after the First World War and beyond. Sources will include the records of legal education, academic and membership organisations and material relating to professional practice. The article also provides guidance to researchers on using the IALS Archive.