bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy lattices assisted EJAYA Q-learning for automated pulmonary diseases classification
Authors: Kukker Amit , Sharma Rajneesh , Pandey Gaurav , Faseehuddin Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This work proposes a novel technique called Enhanced JAYA (EJAYA) assisted Q-Learning for the classification of pulmonary diseases, such as pneumonia and tuberculosis (TB) sub-classes using chest x-ray images. The work introduces Fuzzy lattices formation to handle real time (non-linear and non-stationary) data based feature extraction using Schrödinger equation. Features based adaptive classification is made possible through the Q-learning algorithm wherein optimal Q-values selection is done via EJAYA optimization algorithm. Fuzzy lattice is formed using x-ray image pixels and lattice Kinetic Energy (K.E.) is calculated using the Schrödinger equation. Feature vector lattices having highest K.E. have been used as an input features for the classifier. The classifier has been employed for pneumonia classification (normal, mild and severe) and Tuberculosis detection (presence or absence). A total of 3000 images have been used for pneumonia classification yielding an accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision and F-scores of 97.90%, 98.43%, 97.25%, 97.78% and 98.10%, respectively. For Tuberculosis 600 samples have been used. The achived accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision and F-score are 95.50%, 96.39%, 94.40% 95.52% and 95.95%, respectively. Computational time are 40.96 and 39.98 s for pneumonia and TB classification. Classifier learning rate (training accuracy) for pneumonia classes (normal, mild and severe) are 97.907%, 95.375% and 96.391%, respectively and for tuberculosis (present and absent) are 96.928% and 95.905%, respectively. The results have been compared with contemporary classification techniques which shows superiority of the proposed approach in terms of accuracy and speed of classification. The technique could serve as a fast and accurate tool for automated pneumonia and tuberculosis classification.
Pig-derived ECM-SIS provides a novel matrix gel for tumor modeling
Authors: Wu Yanhua , Wang Hao , Qu Changbo , Deng Xuesong , Li Na , Yue Sile , Xu Wenjing , Chen Yinghua , Zhou Ming 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The absence of effective extracellular matrix to mimic the natural tumor microenvironment remains a significant obstacle in cancer research. Matrigel, abundant in various biological matrix components, is limited in its application due to its high cost. This has prompted researchers to explore alternative matrix substitutes. Here, we have investigated the effects of the extracellular matrix derived from pig small intestinal submucosa (ECM-SIS) in xenograft tumor modeling. Our results showed that the pig-derived ECM-SIS effectively promotes the establishment of xenograft tumor models, with a tumor formation rate comparable to that of Matrigel. Furthermore, we showed that the pig-derived ECM-SIS exhibited lower immune rejection and fewer infiltrating macrophages than Matrigel. Gene sequencing analysis demonstrated only a 0.5% difference in genes between pig-derived ECM-SIS and Matrigel during the process of tumor tissue formation. These differentially expressed genes primarily participate in cellular processes, biological regulation, and metabolic processes. These findings emphasize the potential of pig-derived ECM-SIS as a cost-effective option for tumor modeling in cancer research.
Influence of reinforcement on vibration control in adhesively bonded single lap joints: a numerical and experimental validation
Authors: Akkasali Naveen Kumar , Biswas Sandhyarani 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this growing world, it is imperative to employ innovative techniques that effectively manage the structural response of materials without inducing adverse effects on the original structure. This can be achieved mainly by changing the material and geometrical features of the adhesive. In this work, an attempt has been made to control the eigenvalues of adhesively bonded single-lap joints (SLJs) by reinforcing them with polymer patches. Numerical techniques were utilized to adhere the polymer patches to the single-lap bonded joints using ABAQUS software. Subsequently, the eigenvalue responses of SLJs, both with and without patches, were experimentally well agreed with the numerical predictions. The validated numerical model was then used to investigate its structural response by modifying the parameters such as patch shape, patch position, and adhesive geometry. Additionally, it has been observed that a square-shaped polymer patch at the overlapping edge is more effective in reducing the eigenvalues compared to patches of different shapes and positions. The eigenvalue response follows a declining trend as the adhesive thickness increases, forming thicker bonds.
Introduction
Authors: Oade Stephanie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The Introduction sets out the key aims and ambitions of the volume; principally, that the book may further the integration of classical music into the sphere of reception studies. It proposes an analytical style that equally balances text and music, with the result that a shared concern—the nature of the lyric genre and ideas of lyricism—may be considered from a dual perspective. It positions the volume within current trends, outlines the methodological approaches and practical limitations of the volume, and offers an overview of the chapters that follow.
Allopolyploidy enhances survival advantages for urban environments in the native plant genus Commelina
Authors: Shimomai Hina , Taichi Nakata , Katsuhara Koki R , Kato Seiji , Ushimaru Atushi , Ohmido Nobuko 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Urbanization-induced environmental changes affect the geographical distribution of natural plant species. This study focused on how polyploidization, a dynamic genome change, influences the survival and distribution of Commelina communis (Cc) and its subspecies C. communis f. ciliata (Ccfc), which have variable chromosome numbers (e.g. Cc, 2n = 88 for Cc; Ccfc, 2n = 46 for Ccfc). The aim was to investigate polyploidization effects on natural plant distribution in urban environments.

Methods
The geographical distribution across urban–rural gradients was investigated at a total of 218 sites in Japan. Stomata size and density were measured and compared between Cc and Ccfc. Flow cytometry determined genome size and polyploidy. Chromosome karyotyping was performed using the genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) method.

Key Results
Urban areas were exclusively dominated by Cc, while Cc and Ccfc coexisted in rural areas. Cc had larger and fewer stomata and a genome size more than twice that of Ccfc. GISH results indicated that Cc possesses Ccfc and another unknown genome, suggesting allopolyploidy.

Conclusions
Our results show that the ploidy difference affects the geographical distribution, stomata traits and genome size between two distinct taxa in the genus Commelina, C. communis as a neo-tetraploid and C. communis f. ciliata, the diploid. Cc is an allopolyploid and is therefore not only polyploidy but also has an additional genome that provides new sets of genes and alleles, contributing to Cc having enhanced survival potentials in urban environments compared with Ccfc. This is the first investigation to clarify the distribution difference related to urban environments, the difference in stomata traits and genome size, and to study chromosome composition in Commelina species.
DeepBAM: a high-accuracy single-molecule CpG methylation detection tool for Oxford nanopore sequencing
Authors: Bai Xin , Yao Hui-Cong , Wu Bo , Liu Luo-Ran , Ding Yu-Ying , Xiao Chuan-Le 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Recent nanopore sequencing system (R10.4) has enhanced base calling accuracy and is being increasingly utilized for detecting CpG methylation state. However, the robustness and universality of the methylation calling model in officially supplied Dorado remains poorly tested. In this study, we obtained heterogeneous datasets from human and plant sources to carry out comprehensive evaluations, which showed that Dorado performed significantly different across datasets. We therefore developed deep neural networks and implemented several optimizations in training a new model called DeepBAM. DeepBAM achieved superior and more stable performances compared with Dorado, including higher area under the ROC curves (98.47% on average and up to 7.36% improvement) and F1 scores (94.97% on average and up to 16.24% improvement) across the datasets. DeepBAM-based whole genome methylation frequencies have achieved &gt;0.95 correlations with BS-seq on four of five datasets, outperforming Dorado in all instances. It enables unraveling allele-specific methylation patterns, including regions of transposable elements. The enhanced performance of DeepBAM paves the way for broader applications of nanopore sequencing in CpG methylation studies.
Impaired energy expenditure following exposure to either DDT or DDE in mice may be mediated by DNA methylation changes in brown adipose
Authors: Jugan Juliann A , Jackson Kyle B , Elmore Sarah E , La Merrill Michele A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The insecticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its persistent metabolite, dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), have been associated with increased adiposity and obesity in multiple generations of rodents and humans. These lipophilic pollutants accumulate in adipose tissue and appear to decrease energy expenditure through the impairment of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT). We hypothesized that impaired thermogenesis is due to persistent epigenetic modifications of BAT. To address this, we exposed C57BL/6 J mice to DDT or DDE from gestational day (GD) 11.5 to postnatal day (PND) 5, evaluated longitudinal body temperature, and performed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing and RNA sequencing of BAT from infant and adult offspring. Exposure to DDT or DDE reduced core body temperature in adult mice, and differential methylation at the pathway and gene level was persistent from infancy to adulthood. Furthermore, thermogenesis and biological pathways essential for thermogenic function, such as oxidative phosphorylation and mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) signaling, were enriched with differential methylation and RNA transcription in adult mice exposed to DDT or DDE. PAZ6 human brown preadipocytes were differentiated in the presence of DDT or DDE to understand the brown adipocyte-autonomous effect of these pollutants. In vitro exposure led to limited changes in RNA expression; however, mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased in vitro with 0.1 µM and 1 µM doses of DDT or DDE. These results demonstrate that concentrations of DDT and DDE relevant to human exposure have a significant effect on thermogenesis, the transcriptome, and DNA methylome of mouse BAT and the mitochondrial function of human brown adipocytes.
Being Under-Benefited and Perceived Stress in the Relationship Between Aging Parents and Adult Children: The Moderating Role of Empathy
Authors: Jiang Da , Huang Zewen , Lee Chi-Kin John 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Previous studies examining the relationship between being under-benefited and stress among aging parents and their adult children have yielded mixed findings. Few studies have examined whether this positive association can be alleviated by state-level or trait-level factors. Given the positive effects of empathy on interpersonal exchanges, we tested the moderating role of empathy on the relationship between being under-benefited and perceived stress among aging parents and adult children in this 14-day diary study.

Research Design and Methods
A sample of 99 pairs of parents (Mage = 50.01 years, SDage = 4.53 years; 79.8% female) and children (Mage = 22.38, SDage = 3.49; 85.9% female) were recruited reported their level of being under-benefited in the exchange with their parent/child, perceived stress, and empathy as an affective state on a daily basis for 14 consecutive days, after completing a pretest which measured their trait empathy and demographic information.

Results
For both parents and children, the positive under-benefited-stress association was only significant when they reported lower affective empathy on a daily basis. The association between the level of being under-benefited and stress was negative when children reported greater affective empathy on a daily basis. Children reported more perceived stress on the days their parents reported a greater level of being under-benefited. Such association was only significant in children with lower trait empathy. The negative association between children’s being under-benefited and parents’ perceived stress was only significant in parents with higher trait empathy.

Discussion and Implications
These findings highlight the importance of empathy as a daily affect and a trait in the relationship between daily exchanges and mental health in the intergenerational contexts between aging parents and adult children.
An Integrative Understanding of Evolutionary Convergence Across Organisms and Biological Scales
Authors: Lau Emily S , Varney Rebecca M , Goodheart Jessica A 
Published: August 2024

Synopsis
The extent to which evolution is predictable is a long-standing question in biology, with implications for urgent biological issues such as viral evolution, the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, and organismal responses to climate change. Convergent evolution, the phylogenetically independent evolution of similar phenotypes, provides biological replicates useful for exploring patterns of predictability in evolution. Understanding evolutionary convergence requires synthesizing findings across biological scales and organisms. To this end, we organized a SICB-wide symposium entitled “Integrating research on convergent evolution across levels of biological organization, organisms, and time.” Our symposium showcased interdisciplinary research on evolutionary convergence across diverse study systems and levels of biological organization, while highlighting new techniques and comparative methods for identifying patterns of predictability in convergently evolved traits. Here, we introduce findings from papers included in this symposium issue and identify common themes, highlight emerging questions, and discuss how we can integrate new techniques, tools, and systems to expand our understanding of evolutionary convergence.
Human Infection With IsrRAPXV: A Novel Zoonotic Bat-Derived Poxvirus
Authors: Paran Yael , David Dan , Rudoler Nir , Ingbir Merav , Khoury Nardeen , Halutz Ora , Ben-Ami Ronen , Berkowitz Asaf , Sol Asaf 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Bats are recognized as the natural reservoir of several zoonotic viruses that pose a threat to public health worldwide. In our recent reports, we describe the identification of a novel poxvirus, IsrRAPXV, in Egyptian fruit bats. This poxvirus is associated with high morbidity and mortality in bats.

Methods
Herein, we describe the identification of a poxvirus in a female patient hospitalized with systemic symptoms and severe painful skin lesions on her hands. We performed quantitative polymerase chain reaction, whole genome sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis to identify and characterize this poxvirus as the etiologic agent.

Results
The patient interacted with wounded and sick bats as a volunteer in a bat shelter run by an Israel bat sanctuary organization. Samples collected from the patient's skin lesions were positive for the presence of IsrRAPXV by polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis showed that this virus is identical to IsrRAPXV, originally described by us as the causative agent of skin lesions in fruit bats.

Conclusions
Our finding suggest that IsrRAPXV is zoonotic; therefore, veterinarians and volunteers working in bat shelters should meticulously follow the guidelines of working with bats and use required personal protective equipment.
New Cretaceous snakeflies highlight the morphological disparity of Mesoraphidiidae and its response to the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution
Authors: Lu Xiumei , Stubbs Thomas L , Zhuo De , Xu Chunpeng , Donoghue Philip C J , Liu Xingyue 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Mesoraphidiidae is an extinct family of the order Raphidioptera with an evolutionary history that is largely unexplored. Here, we uncovered the evolutionary history of Mesoraphidiidae using phylogenetic comparative approaches, based on an updated morphological dataset, with an additional description of two new genera and species with distinct cephalic elongation, Dracoraphidia brachystigma gen. et sp. nov. and Teratocephala macrostigma gen. et sp. nov., from mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber. Phylogenetic analysis shows their affinity to the subfamily Alloraphidiinae. Our results show that the radiation of species diversity and morphological disparity of Mesoraphidiidae dates back to the Lower Cretaceous and experienced a distinct peak approximately 130–118 million years ago (Ma). This timeframe aligns with the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution (KTR), a period from 125 to 80 Ma marked by the proliferation of flowering plants and their interactions with insects. The habitat preference of mesoraphidiid larvae to gymnosperm plants might have led to their extinction during the KTR, with the associated decline of gymnosperm diversity. Despite reduction in the occupation of morphospace by Mesoraphidiinae, there is surprising expansion of morphospace occupation by Alloraphidiinae in the Upper Cretaceous, possibly related to cephalic elongation, which may have enhanced pollen-feeding or predation ability, in response to extrinsic changes to biodiversity and ecosystems during the KTR. This study enriches our understanding of the macroevolution of snakeflies during the Mesozoic and provides new evidence for the impact of the KTR on insects.
P04 Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis adherence: before and after antimicrobial stewardship team impact in a south Indian secondary care hospital
Authors: Dorairajan Suresh Kumar , Srinivasan Sowmiya , Basha Safiya Banu Sadik , Sivakumar Sanju Menaka , Rajavel Saravanan , Kannan Sakthi Atchitha Sudalai , Mari Rithika , Kuppusamy Santhiya , Koteeswaran Monish Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is the major reason for antibiotic usage in secondary care hospitals. Implementing international guidelines, such as ASHP, is feasible in large tertiary care hospitals due to the presence of hospital antibiotic stewardship teams. However, it is challenging in resource-limited secondary care hospitals. The impact of antibiotic stewardship teams on SAP in secondary care hospitals is limited in the developing world.

Objectives
To assess the impact of the hospital’s antibiotic stewardship team on the SAP adherence in a secondary care hospital in India.

Methods
This prospective pre- and post-intervention study was conducted in a 200-bed South Indian secondary care hospital between May and October 2023. The hospital’s antimicrobial stewardship team (AMST), guided by an infectious disease physician, audited the case records of surgical patients, and adherence to SAP guidelines was recorded. In the pre-intervention phase (May to July 2023), no meetings occurred between the hospital surgical and antimicrobial stewardship teams, with only a few random SAP audits. In the post-intervention phase (August to October 2023), regular meetings facilitated systematic monitoring of all surgeries for SAP adherence, with data recorded in Google forms and the impact analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results
A total of 1520 surgeries were conducted during the study period, with 767 in the pre-intervention period and 753 in the post-intervention period. In the pre-intervention period, 281 elective clean and clean-contaminated surgeries were audited, of which 200 received antibiotics. However, only 27% received appropriate antibiotics according to SAP guidelines, with a mean duration of SAP at 6.62 days. In the post-intervention period, all 753 surgeries were audited, and 350 elective clean and clean-contaminated surgeries received antibiotics. In this phase, 57.7% of the surgeries adhered to appropriate SAP, with a mean duration of SAP at 5.89 days (Table 1).

Conclusions
AMST significantly improved SAP guidelines adherence, enhancing appropriate antibiotic use and reducing duration. Future efforts should focus on continuous monitoring and education for sustained improvement.
P13 Systematic review assessing the impact of using McIsaac and Centor scores to aid antibiotic prescription decision making in patients presenting to secondary care with pharyngitis
Authors: Kanagasabai Atchchuthan , Evans Callum , Jones Hayley E , Hay Alastair D , Dawson Sarah , Savović Jelena , Elwenspoek Martha M C 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Complications can develop in the 5%–30% of pharyngitis cases caused by group A streptococcus (GAS); therefore, the appropriateness of antibiotics needs to be considered. Centor and McIsaac scores are clinical prediction rules for diagnosing GAS pharyngitis. Antibiotic prescription score thresholds vary between guidelines.

Objectives
Estimate the sensitivity and specificity of McIsaac and Centor scores to diagnose GAS pharyngitis and evaluate their impact on antibiotic prescribing under different testing scenarios at each threshold in secondary care.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science were searched from inception to September 2022 for studies of patients presenting with acute pharyngitis to emergency or outpatient clinics that estimated the accuracy of McIsaac or Centor scores against throat cultures and/or rapid antigen detection tests (RADT) as reference standards. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) was used for risk of bias assessment. Sensitivities and specificities of McIsaac and Centor scores were pooled at each threshold using bivariate random effects meta-analysis. We described antibiotic prescription rates under different testing scenarios and at different thresholds using natural frequencies for 10 000 patients.

Results
Fourteen studies were included (eight McIsaac and six Centor scores). Eight studies had unclear and six had high risk of bias. McIsaac score had higher estimated sensitivity and lower specificity relative to Centor scores at equivalent thresholds but with wide and overlapping confidence regions. Using either score as a triage to RADT to decide antibiotic treatment would reduce antibiotic prescriptions relative to RADT test on everyone: estimated reductions in prescriptions in a cohort of 10 000 patients 1244, 172 and 666 for NICE (Centor), Danish and German (McIsaac) guidelines respectively, but with 893, 87 and 368 of these being true positive GAS cases.

Conclusions
Centor and McIsaac scores are equally ineffective at triaging patients who need antibiotics. Finding a balanced treatment threshold to recommend prescribing antibiotic to prevent over/under treatment is challenging. Good safety netting by clinicians may enable use of high treatment thresholds safely and prevent over-prescription of antibiotics.