bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Nulliparous Women with Spontaneous Labor Onset Admitted to Hospitals in Pre‐active versus Active Labor
Authors: Neal Jeremy L. 
Published: October 2014

PurposeThe aims of this study were to estimate the percentage of low‐risk, nulliparous women with spontaneous labor onset who are admitted to labor units prior to active labor and to evaluate the effects of the timing of admission (ie, pre‐active versus active labor) on labor interventions and mode of birth.Research QuestionsWhat percentage of low‐risk, nulliparous women are admitted to labor units prior to active labor onset? Are women admitted to hospitals in pre‐active labor more prone to exogenous oxytocin augmentation, amniotomy, and cesarean birth?SignificanceThe timing of when a woman is admitted to the hospital for labor care following spontaneous contraction onset may be among the most important decisions that labor attendants make as it may influence care patterns and birth outcomes.MethodsObstetric data from low‐risk, nulliparous women with spontaneous labor onset (N = 216) were merged from 2 prospective studies conducted at 3 large Midwestern hospitals. Women dilating less than 0.5 cm per hour, on average, for the first 4 hours post‐admission were classified in the pre‐active labor group while those dilating 0.5 cm or greater per hour were classified in the active labor group. Baseline characteristics, labor interventions, and outcomes were compared between groups using Fisher's exact and Mann‐Whitney U tests, as appropriate. Likelihoods for oxytocin augmentation, amniotomy, and cesarean were assessed by logistic regression.ResultsOf the sample of 216 low‐risk, nulliparous women, 114 (52.8%) were admitted in pre‐active labor, and 102 (47.2%) were admitted in active labor. Women who were admitted in pre‐active labor were more likely to undergo oxytocin augmentation (84.2% and 45.1%, respectively; odds ratio [OR], 6.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.43–12.27) but not amniotomy (55.3% and 61.8%, respectively; OR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.44–1.32) when compared to women admitted in active labor. The likelihood of cesarean was higher for women admitted before active labor onset (15.8% and 6.9%, respectively; OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.02–6.37).DiscussionMany low‐risk, nulliparous women with regular, spontaneous uterine contractions are admitted to labor units before active labor onset, which increases their likelihood of receiving oxytocin and giving birth via cesarean. An evidence‐based, standardized approach for labor admission decision making is recommended to decrease inadvertent admissions of women in pre‐active labor. When active labor cannot be diagnosed with relative certainty, observation before admission to the birthing unit is warranted.
Node retraction during patterning of the urinary collecting duct system
Authors: Lindström Nils O. , Chang C.‐Hong , Valerius M. Todd , Hohenstein Peter , Davies Jamie A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis report presents a novel mechanism for remodelling a branched epithelial tree. The mouse renal collecting duct develops by growth and repeated branching of an initially unbranched ureteric bud: this mechanism initially produces an almost fractal form with young branches connected to the centre of the kidney via a sequence of nodes (branch points) distributed widely throughout the developing organ. The collecting ducts of a mature kidney have a different form: from the nephrons in the renal cortex, long, straight lengths of collecting duct run almost parallel to one another through the renal medulla, and open together to the renal pelvis. Here we present time‐lapse studies of E11.5 kidneys growing in culture: after about 5 days, the collecting duct trees show evidence of ‘node retraction’, in which the node of a ‘Y’‐shaped branch moves downwards, shortening the stalk of the ‘Y’, lengthening its arms and narrowing their divergence angle so that the ‘Y’ becomes a ‘V’. Computer simulation suggests that node retraction can transform a spread tree, like that of an early kidney, into one with long, almost‐parallel medullary rays similar to those seen in a mature real kidney.
Factors that contribute to underrecognition of delirium by registered nurses in acute care settings: a scoping review of the literature to explain this phenomenon
Authors: El Hussein Mohamed , Hirst Sandra , Salyers Vincent 
Published: October 2014

Aims and objectivesIn order to obtain more information regarding this phenomenon, a scoping review of the literature was undertaken to analyse current research on the recognition of delirium by registered nurses in acute care settings.BackgroundDelirium is often manifested as a sign of an underlying undiagnosed condition that requires immediate intervention and is frequently manifested in acute care settings. Unfortunately, registered nurses often do not recognise delirium and its occurrence goes under‐reported.Design/MethodsBased on six inclusion criteria, a search in numerous databases using terms such as delirium detection, recognition and diagnosis by registered nurses was undertaken. Eight quantitative studies were deemed relevant and analysed for this scoping review.ResultsSeven major categories emerged: the fluctuating nature of delirium, the impact of delirium education on its recognition, communication barriers, inadequate use of delirium assessment tools, lack of conceptual understanding of delirium, delirium as a burden and the likeness of delirium and dementia. A brief summary of the findings in each category is reported here.ConclusionsThe scoping review revealed that delirium remains underrecognised by registered nurses, which potentially contributes to reduced quality of nursing care for clients experiencing this condition. Further research on delirium and the processes that registered nurses use to recognise it is timely and will facilitate the development of evidence‐based interventions to manage it.Relevance to clinical practiceWhile acute care registered nurses have historically reported dramatic changes in cognitive and neuro‐biological functions in ill older adults, the literature highlighted in this scoping review revealed the following: (1) the need for further research to validate delirium assessment tools and, (2) the need for education and training for registered nurses on the use of these assessment tools to promote early recognition and thereby decrease the incidence of delirium in older adults.
Which employees craft their jobs and how? Basic dimensions of personality and employees' job crafting behaviour
Authors: Bipp Tanja , Demerouti Evangelia 
Published: October 2014

The aim of the current research was to examine to what degree basic personality dimensions serve as determinants of job crafting behaviour and to investigate how this behaviour can be influenced via behavioural intentions. In Study 1, we investigated the relationship of approach and avoidance temperament with job crafting in terms of seeking resources, seeking challenges, and reducing demands in a sample of 193 international employees. In Study 2 (n = 130 employees), we experimentally manipulated the current motivational state in terms of approach/avoidance goals and measured job crafting behaviours in a follow‐up survey. Results confirmed that employees scoring high on approach temperament report to seek resources and demands, whereas employees scoring high on avoidance temperament tend to reduce hindering demands in the workplace. Furthermore, the manipulation of goals had indirect effects on job crafting via behavioural intentions. Although the effects of the concentration on approach goals on job crafting were contradictory to our expectations, the pursuit of avoidance goals led to higher demands‐reducing behaviour. Taking everything together, we provide important insights into the effects of basic personality dimensions on job crafting behaviour and highlight the possibilities and boundaries for managers to influence the job crafting behaviours of employees.Practitioner points

Our study provides insights about which types of employees alter their job demands and resources.

Employees scoring high on approach temperament seek resources and demands, whereas employees scoring high on avoidance temperament reduce demands.

Managers are able to influence job crafting behaviour indirectly by stimulating the pursuit of approach and/or avoidance goals.

A sole focus on (performance) approach goals might have hindering effects in terms of positive job crafting behaviours.
Correlation between the levels of non‐specific physical symptoms and pressure pain thresholds measured by algometry in patients with temporomandibular disorders
Authors: Ramalho D. , Macedo L. , Goffredo Filho G. , Goes C. , Tesch R. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryRecent studies showed that patients with chronic TMD pain also feature increased sensitivity in other craniofacial regions, and even in remote peripheral areas, suggesting that nociceptive processing is centrally facilitated in this patient population. The aim of this study was to investigate the existence of a negative correlation between the levels of non‐specific physical symptoms and pressure pain thresholds measured by algometry at sites distant from the chief complaint of oro‐facial pain in patients with TMD. A total of 20 female patients were evaluated comprising 11 patients diagnosed with myofascial pain (Group I of RDC/TMD) and 9 patients with arthralgia (Group III of RDC/TMD), with both reporting chronic TMD pain for at least 3 months. Patients were tested by the pressure algometry technique, and, in the same visit, clinical diagnosis and levels of non‐specific physical symptoms, including pain‐related issues or not, were obtained. The raw scores were then standardised into a T‐score. The possible correlation between the dependent variable levels of non‐specific physical symptoms and pressure pain thresholds measured by algometry at sites distant from the chief complaint of oro‐facial pain was assessed with Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results were considered statistically significant, which stood a lower than 5% probability of occurring by chance (P < 0·05). A statistically significant (P = 0·02) negative correlation (−0·51) was found to exist between the levels of non‐specific physical symptoms, only if including issues involving pain‐related symptoms, and experimental pressure pain thresholds in patients with painful TMD.
Nuclear Factor I‐C acts as a regulator of hepatocyte proliferation at the onset of liver regeneration
Authors: Edelmann Simone , Fahrner René , Malinka Thomas , Song Bryan H. , Stroka Deborah , Mermod Nicolas 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground & AimsKnockout studies of the murine Nuclear Factor I‐C (NFI‐C) transcription factor revealed abnormal skin wound healing and growth of its appendages, suggesting a role in controlling cell proliferation in adult regenerative processes. Liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy (PH) is a well‐established regenerative model whereby changes elicited in hepatocytes lead to their rapid and phased proliferation. Although NFI‐C is highly expressed in the liver, no hepatic function was yet established for this transcription factor. This study aimed to determine whether NFI‐C may play a role in hepatocyte proliferation and liver regeneration.MethodsLiver regeneration and cell proliferation pathways following two‐thirds PH were investigated in NFI‐C knockout (ko) and wild‐type (wt) mice.ResultsWe show that the absence of NFI‐C impaired hepatocyte proliferation because of plasminogen activator I (PAI‐1) overexpression and the subsequent suppression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) activity and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) signalling, a potent hepatocyte mitogen. This indicated that NFI‐C first acts to promote hepatocyte proliferation at the onset of liver regeneration in wt mice. The subsequent transient down regulation of NFI‐C, as can be explained by a self‐regulatory feedback loop with transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐ß1), may limit the number of hepatocytes entering the first wave of cell division and/or prevent late initiations of mitosis.ConclusionNFI‐C acts as a regulator of the phased hepatocyte proliferation during liver regeneration.
Maternal diet during early childhood, but not pregnancy, predicts diet quality and fruit and vegetable acceptance in offspring
Authors: Ashman Amy M. , Collins Clare E. , Hure Alexis J. , Jensen Megan , Oldmeadow Christopher 
Published: October 2014

AbstractStudies have identified prenatal flavour exposure as a determinant of taste preferences in infants; however, these studies have focused on relatively small samples and limited flavours. As many parents struggle with getting children to accept a variety of nutritious foods, a study of the factors influencing food acceptance is warranted. The objective of this study was to determine whether exposure to a wider variety of fruit and vegetables and overall higher diet quality in utero results in acceptance of a greater variety of these foods and better diet quality for offspring during childhood. This study is a secondary data analysis of pregnant women (n = 52) and their resulting offspring recruited for the Women and Their Children's Health study in NSW, Australia. Dietary intake of mothers and children was measured using food frequency questionnaires. Diet quality and vegetable and fruit variety were calculated using the Australian Recommended Food Score and the Australian Child and Adolescent Recommended Food Score. Associations between maternal and child diet quality and variety were assessed using Pearson's correlations and the total effect of in utero maternal pregnancy diet on childhood diet was decomposed into direct and indirect effect using mediation analysis. Maternal pregnancy and post‐natal diet were both correlated with child diet for overall diet quality and fruit and vegetable variety (P < 0.001). Mediation analyses showed that the indirect effect of maternal pregnancy diet on child diet was mediated through maternal post‐natal diet, particularly for fruit (P = 0.045) and vegetables (P = 0.055). Nutrition intervention should therefore be aimed at improving diet quality and variety in mothers with young children, in order to subsequently improve eating habits of offspring.
The Machinations of Luck
Authors: Rescher Nicholas 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLuck is at issue when it is a matter of pure chance that a result of significant positive of negative value ensues for someone. Luck differs from fate, which pivots on an individual's condition, and from fortune, which pivots on an individual's talent and effort. It is by luck that you are rich when you win the lottery, by fortune if your wealth comes from talent and hard work, and by fate if you inherit those millions. On this basis luck lies beyond anyone's rational control. With risk (R) as the probability of failure in a chancy situation and the stake (S) as the difference between a favorable and an unfavorable outcome, luck (L) can be measured as the product of these quantities: L = R × S. The condition of humankind in an uncertain world being as it is, luck cannot be eliminated as a key factor of our existence, be it in cognitive, practical, or ethical regards.
The Modal Account of Luck
Authors: Pritchard Duncan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis essay offers a rearticulation and defence of the modal account of luck that the author developed in earlier work (e.g.,Pritchard 2005). In particular, the proposal is situated within a certain methodology, a component of which is paying due attention to the cognitive science literature on luck (and risk) ascriptions. It is shown that with the modal account of luck properly articulated it can adequately deal with some of the problems that have recently been offered against it, and that the view has a number of attractions over competing proposals, such as the lack of control account.
Anscombe and “Hume and Julius Caesar”
Authors: Duran Jane 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis article analyzes Elizabeth Anscombe's short piece “Hume and Julius Caesar” from the standpoint of traditional foundationalist epistemic criteria, and concludes that while Anscombe may be right about finding a mistake in Hume, she has also failed to fill in her own arguments in the way that her overall aim requires. Special allusion is made to the work of J. L. Austin, especially insofar as that work has to do with reformulating sentences so that they appear to meet foundationalist criteria.
Libertarianism and Free Determined Decisions
Authors: Lemos John 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFree determined decisions are free decisions that are causally determined by the character of the agent. Robert Kane is a libertarian about free will who believes some of our free decisions are determined in this way. According to Kane, for a determined decision to be free it must proceed from the agent's character and the agent must have shaped that character through previous undetermined free decisions. In recent writings, Mark Balaguer has argued that human beings may well possess libertarian freedom, but he rejects Kane's view that free determined acts must proceed from a character that is constructed from prior undetermined free decisions. This essay explains Balaguer's argument for rejecting the Kanean view and critically responds to it in defense of Kane's position on free determined decisions.
The Potentiality of the Embryo and the Somatic Cell
Authors: McGee Andrew 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRecent arguments on the ethics of stem cell research have taken a novel approach to the question of the moral status of the embryo. One influential argument focuses on a property that the embryo is said to possess—namely, the property of being an entity with a rational nature or, less controversially, an entity that has the potential to acquire a rational nature—and claims that this property is also possessed by a somatic cell. Since nobody seriously thinks that we have a duty to preserve the countless such cells we wash off our body every day in the shower, the argument is intended as a reductio ad absurdum of the claim that the embryo should be afforded the same moral status as a fully developed human being. This article argues that this argument is not successful and that it consequently plays into the hands of those who oppose embryonic stem cell research. It is therefore better to abandon this argument and focus instead on the different argument that potentiality, as such, is not a sufficient ground for the creation of moral obligations towards the embryo.
Systems biology defines the biological significance of redox‐active proteins during cellulose degradation in an aerobic bacterium
Authors: Gardner Jeffrey G. , Crouch Lucy , Labourel Aurore , Forsberg Zarah , Bukhman Yury V. , Vaaje‐Kolstad Gustav , Gilbert Harry J. , Keating David H. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryMicrobial depolymerization of plant cell walls contributes to global carbon balance and is a critical component of renewable energy. The genomes of lignocellulose degrading microorganisms encode diverse classes of carbohydrate modifying enzymes, although currently there is a paucity of knowledge on the role of these proteins in vivo. We report the comprehensive analysis of the cellulose degradation system in the saprophytic bacterium Cellvibrio japonicus. Gene expression profiling of C. japonicus demonstrated that three of the 12 predicted β‐1,4 endoglucanases (cel5A, cel5B, and cel45A) and the sole predicted cellobiohydrolase (cel6A) showed elevated expression during growth on cellulose. Targeted gene disruptions of all 13 predicted cellulase genes showed that only cel5B and cel6A were required for optimal growth on cellulose. Our analysis also identified three additional genes required for cellulose degradation: lpmo10B encodes a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO), while cbp2D and cbp2E encode proteins containing carbohydrate binding modules and predicted cytochrome domains for electron transfer. CjLPMO10B oxidized cellulose and Cbp2D demonstrated spectral properties consistent with redox function. Collectively, this report provides insight into the biological role of LPMOs and redox proteins in cellulose utilization and suggests that C. japonicus utilizes a combination of hydrolytic and oxidative cleavage mechanisms to degrade cellulose.
Never ending stories: visual diarizing to recreate autobiographical memory of intensive care unit survivors
Authors: Ewens Beverley A , Hendricks Joyce M , Sundin Deb 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study was to explore the potential use of visual diarizing to enable intensive care unit (ICU) survivors to create their story of recovery.BackgroundAn ICU experience can have deleterious psychological and physical effects on survivors leading to reductions in quality of life which for some may be of significant duration. Although there has been exploration of many interventions to support recovery in this group, service provision for survivors remains inconsistent and inadequate.Design and participantsA qualitative interpretive biographical exploration of the ICU experience and recovery phase of ICU survivors using visual diarizing as method. This paper is a component of a larger study and presents an analyses of one participant's visual diary in detail.MethodsData collection was twofold. The participant was supplied with visual diary materials at 2 months post‐hospital discharge and depicted his story in words and pictures for a 3‐month period, after which he was interviewed. The interview enabled the participant and researcher to interpret the visual diary and create a biographical account of his ICU stay and recovery journey.FindingsThe analysis of one participant's visual diary yielded a wealth of information about his recovery trajectory articulated through the images he chose to symbolize his story. The participant confirmed feelings of persecution whilst in ICU and was unprepared for the physical and psychological disability which ensued following his discharge from hospital. However, his story was one of hope for the future and a determination that good would come out of his experience. He considered using the visual diary enhanced his recovery.ConclusionsThe participant perceived that visual diarizing enhanced his recovery trajectory by enabling him to recreate his story using visual imagery in a prospective diary.Relevance to clinical practiceProspective visual diarizing with ICU survivors may have potential as an aid to recovery.
Putin, Erdogan and Orbán: Band of Brothers?
Authors: SIMONYI ANDRÁS 
Published: October 2014

In 1990, right after the Berlin Wall fell, NPQ published our Spring edition, titled “The New World Disorder,” about the nationalistic chaos and up‐in‐theair sensibility of that fraught new historical moment.Nearly a quarter of a century later, the regime of globalization that had supplanted the Cold War world of blocs is itself coming apart at the seams. Even Henry Kissinger these days says “the world order is crumbling.”Will this New World Disorder 2.0 revert to a system of conflicting blocs, as during the Cold War, or will we be mature enough to save the interdependence of plural identities that is the foundation of a new global civilization?In this section our contributors offer their perspectives on what the future holds.
New BRICS Bank a Building Block of Alternative World Order
Authors: KHANNA PARAG 
Published: October 2014

In 1990, right after the Berlin Wall fell, NPQ published our Spring edition, titled “The New World Disorder,” about the nationalistic chaos and up‐in‐theair sensibility of that fraught new historical moment.Nearly a quarter of a century later, the regime of globalization that had supplanted the Cold War world of blocs is itself coming apart at the seams. Even Henry Kissinger these days says “the world order is crumbling.”Will this New World Disorder 2.0 revert to a system of conflicting blocs, as during the Cold War, or will we be mature enough to save the interdependence of plural identities that is the foundation of a new global civilization?In this section our contributors offer their perspectives on what the future holds.