bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Régulation et confiance
Authors: Noyer Christian 
Published: April 2015

Regulation and Trust.
Trust is an asset of utmost importance for the smooth functioning of modern economies. The recent crisis witnessed the gradual devaluation of this asset among financial system’s participants. The notion of credit crunch is the economic manifestation of such a collapse in value. To combat it, public authorities have used their own credit and put it at risk. This intervention, necessary as it was, cannot substitute for robust and sound financial regulation. The latter is of fundamental importance to build and maintain agents’ trust in the financial system : it protects economic agents ; it addresses market failures ; it limits risk-taking when it exceeds what financial stability requires. A challenge when designing regulation is, however, to minimize the risks of unintended (adverse) consequences. For the future, three goals should drive our efforts : to restore trust in banks, a goal the recently agreed new Capital Accord significantly helps to achieve ; to expand trust in financial products and infrastructure, through greater standardization and more systematic use of robust and supervised clearing and trading venues ; to safeguard trust in regulators, without succumbing to the false assurance associated with automatic prudential rules.
Classification JEL : G28, P16.
La comptabilité mark-to-market en période de crise
Authors: Allen Franklin , Carletti Elena 
Published: April 2015

Mark-to-Market Accounting in Times of Crisis.
Should mark-to-market accounting be used for financial institutions ? One argument is that market prices provide the best estimate of value available and should always be used. However, others suggest that in times of crisis market prices are not a good reflection of value and their use can lead to serious distortions. This article explains the circumstances where market prices do reflect future earning power and when market imperfections mean that they should not be used. In financial crisis situations where liquidity is scarce and prices are low as a result, market prices
Firme bancaire : quel nouveau paradigme après la crise ?
Authors: Pauget Georges , Saïdane Dhafer 
Published: April 2015

Les crises financières sont fréquentes. Leur coût est de plus en plus élevé. La dernière, dite des subprimes, coûterait quasiment 1 000 milliards de dollars. Faut-il y voir des défaillances au niveau de la réglementation, de la gouvernance, du manque de transparence... et du divorce entre la théorie économique et la pratique de la banque ? Les économistes du XXème siècle se sont-ils un peu trop focalisés sur les Business Cycle et la macroéconomie réelle au point de minimiser le rôle de la banque et de la finance ? Cette rupture et ces choix ont sans doute encouragé le développement des stéréotypes sur la banque. Peut-on rêver d’une réconciliation entre la théorie et la pratique bancaire, bref d’un nouveau paradigme de la firme bancaire ? Notre ambition dans ce papier est simple. Elle vise à essayer d’offrir les éléments de réflexion permettant de mieux appréhender la complexité de la banque et à les intégrer dans un cadre théorique.
Classification JEL : E5, G21, G33.
Regards croisés sur le système monétaire international
Authors: Artus Patrick , Bénassy-Quéré Agnès , Cartapanis André , Flandreau Marc 
Published: April 2015

Meeting Eyes on the International Financial System.
During the 27th Journées d’économie financière et monétaire (Bordeaux, June 2010 ; CNRS GdRE 335), the authors have been discussing different points of view relative to the International Financial System. Marc Flandreau analyzes how the acceptances market has been used by the Americain central bank, supported by a political will, to ease the emergence of the dollar as the international currency at the beginning of the 20th century. As for André Cartapanis, the dollar and the euro are into a stable hierarchical configuration : the dollar being an undisputed international currency and the euro a brilliant second. A purely economic analysis does not explain this supremacy, as the international currency also responds to specific political factors and the euro does not offer, on this level, the same attributes that the U. S. dollar. Patrick Artus gives an investor’s outlook : global imbalances will remain but will move due to the ongoing shrinking of the Chinese commercial surpluses and acute attention is now payed to the quality of the assets of central banks balance sheets. Agnès Bénassy-Quéré stresses the unbalances between the relative weights of the real and the financial sectors in both emerging and developed
Écarts d’inflation et soutenabilité de la zone euro : les enseignements des indicateurs des conditions monétaires
Authors: Maâlel Nabil , Zarrad Olfa 
Published: April 2015

Inflation Gaps and Sustainability of the Euro Zone : What Do the Monetary Conditions Indexes Tell Us ?
The existence of inflation gaps across the euro zone countries is a real preoccupation for policy makers. Diverging levels of inflation across a monetary union lead to various gaps of real interest rates among the member countries. These gaps of real interest rates can contribute to maintain both inflation and output gaps. Therefore, the impact of real interest rates can be compensated by the movements of the real effective exchange rate. The motivation of this paper is to test the effect of real effective exchange rate movements on output gaps within the euro area countries. Using the standard version of the monetary conditions index (MCI), which is a combination of the changes of interest rate and exchange rate from some arbitrary base period, we find that there is a compensation between internal and external monetary conditions (interest rate and exchange rate) for many economies of the euro zone members.
Classification JEL : E31, E42, E52, F31.
Biogeographic effects on early establishment of an invasive alien plant
Authors: Sun Yan , Müller‐Schärer Heinz , Maron John L. , Schaffner Urs 
Published: April 2015

• Premise of the study: Biotic resistance is often studied in the context of how interactions between native biota and invading species influence the success of those invaders. Seldom, however, is the strength of “resistance” compared biogeographically, where the ability of a species to impede invader establishment is contrasted between an invader's native and introduced recipient community.• Methods: We conducted an experiment to examine how community diversity influences seedling recruitment of a plant invader where it is native and contrasted with results previously published from introduced ranges. In Switzerland, we created recipient communities that varied in species and functional richness and invaded them, or not, with seeds of Centaurea stoebe, a native European plant that has been previously used in an identical experiment in North America, where it is a prominent invader.• Key results: The biogeographic comparison revealed that the recipient community largely prevented C. stoebe seedling establishment at home (Switzerland), but not away (Montana, USA), and that diversity of the resident vegetation did not contribute to the effects observed in the introduced range.• Conclusions: Our results provide evidence that differences in the biogeographic conditions and/or overall level of competition of resident community between the native and introduced range considerably suppresses seedling recruitment of the invasive plant, rather than resident diversity itself. In the case of C. stoebe, the surprisingly low establishment success in the experiments conducted in the native compared with the introduced range is likely to be influenced by the higher level of competition with resident community, by abiotic environmental conditions or interactions between these two factors in the native range. Release from factors suppressing seedling recruitment at home may contribute to the successful invasion of C. stoebe in North America.
« Élargir les espaces de rationalité ». Une proposition pastorale de Benoît XVI
Authors: Piola Alberto 
Published: April 2015

À plusieurs occasions, dans les premières années de son pontificat, Benoît XVI a repris la thèse de la nécessité d’« élargir les espaces de la rationalité ». En fait, déjà avant d’accéder à la papauté, Ratzinger avait développé une riche réflexion sur le concept de raison, inséparable de la foi et qui ne peut s’auto-limiter à une rationalité positiviste. Une raison « élargie » : telle est celle qui fut proposée dans l’intervention célèbre de Ratisbonne en 2006 ; l’Église est appelée aujourd’hui à proposer une foi amie de l’intelligence, en particulier dans son rapport avec la science et face aux défis que lance l’athéisme scientifique.
Moines et moniales dans la ville. Les Fraternités de Jérusalem
Authors: Delfieux Pierre-Marie 
Published: April 2015

Les Fraternités monastiques de Jérusalem ont été fondées en 1975 à Paris et ont essaimé, depuis lors, dans plusieurs villes d’Europe. Le Père Delfieux met ici en lumière quelques-unes des options de théologie spirituelle à la base des fraternités dans leur lien avec la ville : la valeur du désert, le travail, l’adoration, l’écoute de l’Écriture, une prière qui soit d’abord en Dieu, prière du Dieu Trinitaire en nous, et tout cela dans l’Église, Épouse du Christ et notre Mère.
Adherence to Physical Activity Recommendations and Its Associated Factors: An Interregional Population-Based Study
Authors: Alkerwi Ala'a , Schuh Barbara , Sauvageot Nicolas , Zannad Faiez , Olivier Arnaud , Guillaume Michèle , Albert Adelin , Larsson Charlotte A. 
Published: April 2015

Background Though the influence of physical activity in preventing cardiovascular diseases is well documented, only a few comparative studies have determined the degree of adherence to physical activity recommendations among populations and identified the demographic, socioeco-nomic, behavioural and health-related factors associated with good compliance. Design and methods Cross-sectional interregional NESCaV survey of 3133 subjects compared three populations, Luxembourg, Lorraine (France) and Wallonia (Belgium), by using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Age and gender prevalence rates of physical activity were standardized to the European population. Results The likelihood to meet the recommendations was higher in Luxembourg, after adjustment for age, gender, education, employment, weight status, morbidity score, health perception and level of importance attributed to the practice of physical activity (P<0.0001). The odds for meeting the recommendations were significantly higher among those with secondary than tertiary education. Compared to good self-health perception, subjects with poor or fair self-perceived health were less likely to meet the recommendations; this also applied to those attributing little or enough importance to physical activity compared with great importance. Conclusions Region, education, self-perceived health and perception of importance of physical activity were emerged as independent determinants of meeting the recommendations. Awareness of the positive health effects of physical activity might thus be crucial for motivating the people to become more active. Further research is needed to explore potential region-specific factors which might explain the difference in population behaviours with respect to physical activity.
Microleakage of zirconia frameworks cemented with two types of phosphate monomer-based resin cements
Authors: Owittayakul Darunee , Lerdrit Wipada , Pittayachawan Piyapanna 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Objective: Resin cements containing phosphoric acid modified methacrylate monomers are commonly used for zirconia-based restorations. However, there are few studies of microleakage of zirconia frameworks cemented with these types of resin cements. The purpose of this study was to compare microleakage of zirconia frameworks cemented with two types of phosphate monomer-based resin cements after long-term thermocycling. Materials and Methods: Totally, 30 permanent premolars were randomly divided into two groups: Self-etching (SE) (Panavia™ F2.0, Kuraray Medical, Japan) and self-adhesive (SA) (RelyX™ U100, 3M ESPE, USA) resin cements. The teeth were prepared for zirconia frameworks, which were fabricated by TDS CAD/CAM. After cementation and thermocycling (20,000 cycles), specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue dye solution for 24 h and were sectioned mesiodistally and buccolingually. Microleakage was recorded, and the data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Sign test (α = 0.05). Results: All specimens showed significantly higher microleakage scores at the cementum margins than at the enamel margins (P < 0.05). The SE resin cement provided significantly lower microleakage scores than the SA resin cement at the enamel margin (P < 0.05); however, there were no statistically significant differences in microleakage between two resin cements at the cementum margins (P > 0.05). Conclusion: SE resin cement has a better sealing ability than SA resin cement at the enamel surface. Both resin cements presented high microleakage at the cementum margins, especially at the tooth/resin interface.
Recalibrating O'Neill's Modern Tragedy:
Authors: Callens Johan 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Theater audiences in the Low Countries in the fall of 2013 had the opportunity to see two concurrent productions of Eugene O'Neill's Long Day's Journey Into Night: a condensed adaptation directed by Peter Monsaert for Theater Antigone, Kortrijk, and a more traditional one directed by Ivo van Hove for Toneelgroep Amsterdam. Starting from the directorial concepts and scenographies of both productions, for which respectively Giovanni Vanhoenacker and Jan Versweyveld designed, this article explores earlier theater historical models and contemporary influences (Irving, Yeats, and Ibsen) in order to elucidate these productions' readjustments of O'Neill's tragic dramaturgy.
Global O'Neill:
Authors: Downing Pat Bromilow , MacPherson Fiona , King William Davies 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Production and rehearsal photographs from the 2014 Baxter Theatre Centre's Cape Town production of Desire under the Elms suggest the rich possibilities of an intercultural translation of Eugene O'Neill's play in a South African context. The Eugene O'Neill Review editor issues a call for studies of O'Neill's plays in a global context.
Bioengineering a Human Plasma-Based Epidermal Substitute With Efficient Grafting Capacity and High Content in Clonogenic Cells
Authors: Alexaline Maia M. , Trouillas Marina , Nivet Muriel , Bourreau Emilie , Leclerc Thomas , Duhamel Patrick , Martin Michele T. , Doucet Christelle , Fortunel Nicolas O. , Lataillade Jean-Jacques 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Cultured epithelial autografts (CEAs) produced from a small, healthy skin biopsy represent a lifesaving surgical technique in cases of full-thickness skin burn covering &gt;50% of total body surface area. CEAs also present numerous drawbacks, among them the use of animal proteins and cells, the high fragility of keratinocyte sheets, and the immaturity of the dermal-epidermal junction, leading to heavy cosmetic and functional sequelae. To overcome these weaknesses, we developed a human plasma-based epidermal substitute (hPBES) for epidermal coverage in cases of massive burn, as an alternative to traditional CEA, and set up critical quality controls for preclinical and clinical studies. In this study, phenotypical analyses in conjunction with functional assays (clonal analysis, long-term culture, or in vivo graft) showed that our new substitute fulfills the biological requirements for epidermal regeneration. hPBES keratinocytes showed high potential for cell proliferation and subsequent differentiation similar to healthy skin compared with a well-known reference material, as ascertained by a combination of quality controls. This work highlights the importance of integrating relevant multiparameter quality controls into the bioengineering of new skin substitutes before they reach clinical development.

Significance
This work involves the development of a new bioengineered epidermal substitute with pertinent functional quality controls. The novelty of this work is based on this quality approach.
Tracking Fusion of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Transplantation to the Heart
Authors: Freeman Brian T. , Kouris Nicholas A. , Ogle Brenda M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractEvidence suggests that transplanted mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can aid recovery of damaged myocardium caused by myocardial infarction. One possible mechanism for MSC-mediated recovery is reprogramming after cell fusion between transplanted MSCs and recipient cardiac cells. We used a Cre/LoxP-based luciferase reporter system coupled to biophotonic imaging to detect fusion of transplanted human pluripotent stem cell-derived MSCs to cells of organs of living mice. Human MSCs, with transient expression of a viral fusogen, were delivered to the murine heart via a collagen patch. At 2 days and 1 week later, living mice were probed for bioluminescence indicative of cell fusion. Cell fusion was detected at the site of delivery (heart) and in distal tissues (i.e., stomach, small intestine, liver). Fusion was confirmed at the cellular scale via fluorescence in situ hybridization for human-specific and mouse-specific centromeres. Human cells in organs distal to the heart were typically located near the vasculature, suggesting MSCs and perhaps MSC fusion products have the ability to migrate via the circulatory system to distal organs and engraft with local cells. The present study reveals previously unknown migratory patterns of delivered human MSCs and associated fusion products in the healthy murine heart. The study also sets the stage for follow-on studies to determine the functional effects of cell fusion in a model of myocardial damage or disease.SignificanceMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are transplanted to the heart, cartilage, and other tissues to recover lost function or at least limit overactive immune responses. Analysis of tissues after MSC transplantation shows evidence of fusion between MSCs and the cells of the recipient. To date, the biologic implications of cell fusion remain unclear. A newly developed in vivo tracking system was used to identify MSC fusion products in living mice. The migratory patterns of fusion products were determined both in the target organ (i.e., the heart) and in distal organs. This study shows, for the first time, evidence of fusion products at sites distal from the target organ and data to suggest that migration occurs via the vasculature. These results will inform and improve future, MSC-based therapeutics.
Concise Review: Macrophages: Versatile Gatekeepers During Pancreatic β-Cell Development, Injury, and Regeneration
Authors: Van Gassen Naomi , Staels Willem , Van Overmeire Eva , De Groef Sofie , Sojoodi Mozhdeh , Heremans Yves , Leuckx Gunter , Van de Casteele Mark , Van Ginderachter Jo A. , Heimberg Harry , De Leu Nico 
Published: April 2015

Abstract

Macrophages are classically considered detrimental for pancreatic β-cell survival and function, thereby contributing to β-cell failure in both type 1 (T1D) and 2 (T2D) diabetes mellitus. In addition, adipose tissue macrophages negatively influence peripheral insulin signaling and promote obesity-induced insulin resistance in T2D. In contrast, recent data unexpectedly uncovered that macrophages are not only able to protect β cells during pancreatitis but also to orchestrate β-cell proliferation and regeneration after β-cell injury. Moreover, by altering their activation state, macrophages are able to improve insulin resistance in murine models of T2D. This review will elaborate on current insights in macrophage heterogeneity and on the evolving role of pancreas macrophages during organogenesis, tissue injury, and repair. Additional identification of macrophage subtypes and of their secreted factors might ultimately translate into novel therapeutic strategies for both T1D and T2D.

Significance
Diabetes mellitus is a pandemic disease, characterized by severe acute and chronic complications. Macrophages have long been considered prime suspects in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. In this concise review, current insights in macrophage heterogeneity and on the, as yet, underappreciated role of alternatively activated macrophages in insulin sensing and β-cell development/repair are reported. Further identification of macrophage subtypes and of their secreted factors might ultimately translate into novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes mellitus.
Linked Data in Libraries: A Case Study of Harvesting and Sharing Bibliographic Metadata with BIBFRAME
Authors: Tharani Karim 
Published: April 2015

By way of a case study this paper illustrates and evaluates the Bibliographic Framework (or BIBFRAME) as means for harvesting and sharing bibliographic metadata over the Web for libraries. BIBFRAME is an emerging framework developed by the Library of Congress for bibliographic description based on Linked Data. Much like Semantic Web, the goal of Linked Data is to make Web “data aware” and transform the existing Web of documents into a Web of data. Linked Data leverages the existing Web infrastructure and allows linking and sharing of structured data for human and machine consumption.
The BIBFRAME model attempts to contextualize the Linked Data technology for libraries. Library applications and systems contain high-quality structured metadata but this data is generally static in its presentation and seldom integrated with other internal metadata sources or linked to external Web resources. With BIBFRAME existing disparate library metadata sources such as catalogs and digital collections can be harvested and integrated over the Web. In addition, bibliographic data enriched with Linked Data could offer richer navigational control and access points for users. With Linked Data principles, metadata from libraries could also become harvestable by search engines, transforming dormant catalogs and digital collections into active knowledge repositories. Thus experimenting with Linked Data using existing bibliographic metadata holds the potential to empower libraries to harness the reach of commercial search engines to continuously discover, navigate, and obtain new domain specific knowledge resources on the basis of their verified metadata.
The initial part of the paper introduces BIBFRAME and discusses Linked Data in the context of libraries. The final part of this paper outlines a step-by-step process for implementing BIBFRAME with existing library metadata.
Features and variability of the Cuban Countercurrent in the Yucatan Basin, Caribbean Sea
Authors: Pérez-Santos Iván , Schneider Wolfgang , Fernández-Vila Lázaro 
Published: April 2015

The Cuban Countercurrent (CCC), along with the Yucatan Current, forms part of the Yucatan Basin circulation system, but it has not been well described and its connection to the system of currents in the Caribbean Sea has not been studied. Based on altimetry data (1993–2009) and the MERCATOR three-dimensional assimilation model (2007–2009), the CCC was observed flowing ~1000 km from the eastern Yucatan Channel to Jamaica and to have a width of ~150 km. Off southern Cuba, the mean velocity was 0.20 m s–1 at the surface and 0.05 m s–1 at 1000 m depth. The CCC transported ~3.5 Sv when it passed through the Yucatan Channel towards the Caribbean Sea, where ~1.6 Sv was recorded south of Cuba. During its annual cycle, the CCC weakened from December to February (0–250 m) and in the summer its magnitude intensified slightly, reaching 0.35 m s–1 in August, due to the increase in water temperature of the Atlantic warm pool. Consequently, the sea level rose in the center of the Yucatan Basin and the pressure gradient increased along the Cuban coast, producing an increase in zonal velocity (0.1 m s–1) and transport (2–3 Sv; r = 0.90). Its connection to the Caribbean current system demonstrated the importance of its study.