bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA sensors in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects
Authors: Kwak Hyosang , Lee Ein , Karki Rajendra 
Published: August 2024

SummaryDNA sensors generally initiate innate immune responses through the production of type I interferons. While extensively studied for host defense against invading pathogens, emerging evidence highlights the involvement of DNA sensors in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Elevated levels of modified, damaged, or ectopically localized self‐DNA and non‐self‐DNA have been observed in patients and animal models with obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. The accumulation of cytosolic DNA aberrantly activates DNA signaling pathways, driving the pathological progression of these disorders. This review highlights the roles of specific DNA sensors, such as cyclic AMP‐GMP synthase and stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS‐STING), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9), interferon gamma‐inducible protein 16 (IFI16), DNA‐dependent protein kinase (DNA‐PK), and DEAD‐box helicase 41 (DDX41) in various metabolic disorders. We explore how DNA signaling pathways in both immune and non‐immune cells contribute to the development of these diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the intricate interplay between metabolic stress and immune responses, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms of DNA sensor signaling in these contexts provides a foundation for developing novel interventions aimed at mitigating the impact of these pervasive health issues.
Arthropod diversity in constructed wetlands is affected strongly by shoreline properties but only weakly by grazing
Authors: Åhlén David , Jarsjö Jerker , Jonsell Mats , Klatt Björn K. , Schneider Lea D. , Strand John , Hambäck Peter A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimAquatic‐terrestrial transition zones contain features essential for many species that often benefit wetland biodiversity. Shallow flood‐zone areas and reed beds are indicative of natural wetland habitats; however, how such features affect the native arthropod biodiversity in constructed wetlands is scarcely investigated. We asked how these shoreline features, as well as wetland shoreline properties and grazing management, influence riparian arthropod diversities and habitat specializations.LocationConstructed wetlands, Sweden.TaxaAraneae, Coleoptera, Diptera.MethodsTaxonomic‐, phylogenetic‐ and trait diversities, along with habitat specialist species richness, were measured in riparian spiders, beetles and selected Diptera in 68 constructed wetlands in two regions of Sweden. We ran structural equation models to estimate direct and indirect effects from shoreline slope, flooded grassland, reed areas and grazing management on group diversities, and used multivariate models to determine drivers on habitat specialist species richness.ResultsFlooded grassland and reed area, along with shoreline slope influenced arthropod diversities, and responses differed between arthropod groups and diversity metrics. Spider trait diversity was greater in wetlands with larger flooded grassland areas, whilst beetle trait diversity was reduced. Spider phylogenetic diversity was greater in wetlands containing larger reed areas and in wetlands with steeper shorelines. However, species richness in predatory flies was greater in wetlands with more gentle shorelines. Grazing management had limited effects on arthropod diversities; however, species richness in wetland specialist and generalist predatory dipterans was greater in the absence of grazers in wetlands with greater flooded grassland areas.Main ConclusionsAs requirements vary considerably among arthropods, care must be taken when constructing and managing wetlands to benefit arthropod biodiversity. The present results suggest wetlands with a varied shoreline, albeit with greater proportions of flood areas, or multiple adjacent wetlands with varying shores in a wet landscape and a mild grazing regiment, would accommodate a more diverse arthropod fauna.
A2 reactive astrocyte‐derived exosomes alleviate cerebral ischemia–reperfusion injury by delivering miR‐628
Authors: Wang Yingju , Li He , Sun Hanwen , Xu Chen , Sun Hongxue , Wei Wan , Song Jihe , Jia Feihong , Zhong Di , Li Guozhong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIschemia and hypoxia activate astrocytes into reactive types A1 and A2, which play roles in damage and protection, respectively. However, the function and mechanism of A1 and A2 astrocyte exosomes are unknown. After astrocyte exosomes were injected into the lateral ventricle, infarct volume, damage to the blood–brain barrier (BBB), apoptosis and the expression of microglia‐related proteins were measured. The dual luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the target genes of miR‐628, and overexpressing A2‐Exos overexpressed and knocked down miR‐628 were constructed. qRT–PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were subsequently performed. A2‐Exos obviously reduced the infarct volume, damage to the BBB and apoptosis and promoted M2 microglial polarization. RT–PCR showed that miR‐628 was highly expressed in A2‐Exos. Dual luciferase reporter assays revealed that NLRP3, S1PR3 and IRF5 are target genes of miR‐628. After miR‐628 was overexpressed or knocked down, the protective effects of A2‐Exos increased or decreased, respectively. A2‐Exos reduced pyroptosis and BBB damage and promoted M2 microglial polarization through the inhibition of NLRP3, S1PR3 and IRF5 via the delivery of miR‐628. This study explored the mechanism of action of A2‐Exos and provided new therapeutic targets and concepts for treating cerebral ischemia.
Pyrocurzerenone suppresses human oral cancer cell metastasis by inhibiting the expression of ERK1/2 and cathepsin S proteins
Authors: Hsieh Ming‐Ju , Lin Chia‐Chieh , Ho Hsin‐Yu , Chuang Yi‐Ching , Lo Yu‐Sheng , Chen Mu‐Kuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPyrocurzerenone is a natural compound found in Curcuma zedoaria and Chloranthus serratus. However, the anticancer effect of pyrocurzerenone in oral cancer remains unclear. Using the MTT assay, wound healing assay, transwell assay and western blot analysis, we investigated the impact of pyrocurzerenone on antimetastatic activity, as well as the critical signalling pathways that underlie the processes of oral cancer cell lines SCC‐9, SCC‐1 and SAS in this work. Our findings suggested that pyrocurzerenone inhibits cell migration and invasion ability in oral cancer cell lines. Furthermore, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 had significant inhibitory effects in SCC‐9 and SCC‐1 cell lines. Combining ERK1/2 inhibitors with pyrocurzerenone decreased the migration and invasion activity of SCC‐9 and SCC‐1 cell lines. We also found that the expressed level of cathepsin S decreased under pyrocurzerenone treatment. This study showed that pyrocurzerenone reduced ERK1/2 expression of the proteins and cathepsin S, suggesting that it could be a valuable treatment to inhibit human oral cancer cell metastasis.
Reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the Chinese Life Attitude Self‐rating Questionnaire for Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhou Kaina , Wang Wen , Ning Fan , Wang Xiao , Zhao Fang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesPsychometrics of the Chinese Life Attitude Self‐rating Questionnaire for Breast Cancer (LASQ‐BC) has not yet been conducted in a larger sample of women with breast cancer. This study aimed to examine the reliability, validity, and sensitivity of the LASQ‐BC in Chinese mainland female breast cancer patients.MethodThis is a cross‐sectional study. Reliability was determined by Cronbach's α and Guttman split‐half coefficient. Convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated via item‐subscale and item‐total score correlations. Factorial validity was estimated using a principal component analysis with varimax rotation. Sensitivity was identified via Cohen's effect size (ES) and an independent sample t‐test between the new and recurrent cases. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to further examine sensitivity of the LASQ‐BC under the influence of newly diagnosed breast cancer (yes vs. no).ResultsA total of 429 patients completed the questionnaire. Cronbach's α of the LASQ‐BC was 0.96, ranging from 0.86 to 0.92 for the four subscales (i.e., choice and responsibility, life meaning, benevolence, and life experiences). The Guttman split‐half coefficient was 0.90. The hypothesised item‐subscale and item‐total score correlations were higher than the critical value of 0.50. Four factors were extracted from the 23 items, explaining 69.29% of the total variance. Eligible ES (range: 0.38−0.48) was found in the four subscales and total score between the new and recurrent cases (independent sample t‐test), and under the influence of newly diagnosed breast cancer (yes vs. no; multiple linear regression analysis).ConclusionThe Chinese LASQ‐BC has acceptable reliability, validity, and sensitivity in women with breast cancer of mainland China. It can be used to female breast cancer patients as an invaluable metric and a crucial instrument for assessing and discerning those grappling with a suboptimal life attitude, and in gauging the efficacy of psychological interventions tailored to enhance this perspective.
Adoption of self‐measured blood pressure monitoring in underserved communities: Program evaluation in primary care
Authors: Shields Maureen , Guzman Iridian , Rouse Jackie , Siddiqi Alvia , Pletcher Mark J. , Khatib Rasha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRationaleSelf‐measured blood pressure (SMBP) monitoring is crucial for hypertension management, yet its adoption, particularly among disadvantaged populations, remains low. ‘Love Your Heart’ is a quality improvement program providing free standard SMBP devices to hypertensive patients, aiming to enhance adoption and assess its impact on blood pressure control.Aims and ObjectivesThis study evaluates the ‘Love Your Heart’ program's implementation success through assessing adoption rates and exploring changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) among participants. We aim to understand factors influencing adoption and potential benefits of SMBP monitoring in a diverse, socially disadvantaged patient population.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated the ‘Love Your Heart’ program using electronic health records (EHR) at a primary care site in Chicago. Adult patients with hypertension were enroled in the 6‐month program, which included education sessions and free SMBP devices. Adoption was measured by participation in program components, and changes in SBP were analysed based on adoption status. Statistical analyses were conducted using SAS software, adhering to STROBE reporting guidelines.ResultsOf 621 eligible patients, 104 participated, with 83 included in the evaluation. Despite all participants receiving free SMBP devices, adoption rates were modest, with only 7% sharing readings with the care team. However, patients who received device instructions demonstrated greater decreases in SBP compared to those who did not. Although not statistically significant, clinically meaningful decreases in SBP were observed among adopters.ConclusionThe ‘Love Your Heart’ program highlights the challenges of promoting SMBP monitoring among disadvantaged patient populations. While providing free devices addresses access barriers, low reporting to the care team suggests the need for further support mechanisms. Future research should explore strategies to enhance SMBP adoption and integration into clinical care, particularly in settings lacking automated data transmission systems.
Remarkable genetic variability and high antigenicity of the octapeptide‐repeat region in an Entamoeba nuttalli‐specific surface protein
Authors: Imai Tatsuya , Kakino Azumi , Sugawara Akitomo , Cheng Xunjia , Tachibana Hiroshi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEntamoeba nuttalli is genetically the closest to Entamoeba histolytica, the causative agent of human amebiasis. E. nuttalli is found in Macaca species, exhibiting no symptoms while potentially virulent. Using comparative genomics of Entamoeba species, we identified a gene encoding an E. nuttalli‐specific protein containing 42 repeats of an octapeptide (PTORS). In the present study, we analyzed the genes in E. nuttalli strains derived from various geographic locations and host species. Sequence analysis of genomic DNA from four strains indicated 43, 44, and 48 repeat types in addition to 42 repeats and remarkable genetic diversity in the repeat region, although all nucleotide substitutions were synonymous. In contrast, the sequences of the N‐terminal side region and C‐terminus were identical among the strains. Monoclonal antibodies prepared against recombinant PTORS were reactive to the repeat regions but not to the N‐terminal side regions. Polyclonal antibodies did not react with the N‐terminal region, demonstrating that the repeat region had higher antigenicity. Analysis using synthetic peptides revealed that the two repeats of the octapeptide functioned as epitopes. Immunofluorescence microscopy using monoclonal antibodies demonstrated the surface localization of PTORS. These results suggest that the repeat region of PTORS plays an important role in host–parasite interactions.
Utility of prostaglandin analogues and phosphodiesterase inhibitors as promising last resorts for the treatment of vitiligo: A systematic review, from mechanisms of action to mono‐, combination and comparative therapies
Authors: Pourriyahi Homa , Hosseini Nastaran‐Sadat , Nooshabadi Mohammadreza Padooiy , Pourriahi Homayoun , Baradaran Hamid Reza , Abtahi‐Naeini Bahareh , Goodarzi Azadeh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe treatment of vitiligo is a persistent challenge in dermatology. New treatments are being offered and studied in this field for those resistant to or intolerant of classical therapies.AimsIn this systematic review, we study the use of prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) and phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEIs) in the treatment of vitiligo, as they are known for their pigmentation inducing effects through activating melanocytes.MethodsWe searched four main online databases with the keywords “Vitiligo”, “Prostaglandin analogue” and “Phosphodiesterase inhibitor”.ResultsA total of 42 articles were included, with 1027 cases, studying drugs like bimatoprost, latanoprost, travoprost, dinoprostone, apremilast, crisaborole, etc. Among the included studies, the treatment regimens are commonly once or twice daily for 12–48 weeks, with a mean of 20.61 weeks, and the routes of administration are mainly topical gels or ophthalmic solutions and oral tablets. Side effects are mild and tolerable, namely erythema, itching or burning sensations at application site for topicals, or gastrointestinal problems with apremilast. Repigmentation results are significant in both adult and pediatric patients and progressive or stable vitiligo. PGAs and PDEIs outperform many classical therapies, for example, narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy (NB‐UVB), tacrolimus, mometasone or methylprednisolone mini‐pulse. PGAs or PDEIs are usually used in combination therapies to either cause synergism or increase drug delivery, and almost always enhance repigmentation, for example, with NB‐UVB, fractional CO2 laser, microneedling, and mometasone.ConclusionMonotherapy or add‐on PGAs and PDEIs can be considered effective treatments for vitiligo and promising last resorts for those resistant to other therapies.
Hepatocyte growth factor‐modified adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells inhibit human hypertrophic scar fibroblast activation
Authors: Zhang Tianli 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeNucleoside‐modified messenger RNA (modRNA) holds the potential for facilitating genetic enhancement of stem cells. In this study, modRNA encoding hepatocyte growth factor (modHGF) was used to chemically modify adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) and the effect of modified ADSCs on the activation of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) was evaluated.MethodsCCK‐8, wound healing, and transwell assays were utilized to evaluate the viability and migratory potential of modHGF‐engineered ADSCs and their effect on HSF activation. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect the expression of collagen‐I (Col I), collagen‐III (Col III), alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), matrix metallopeptidase 1 (MMP‐1), and MMP‐3.ResultsTransfection of ADSCs with modHGF (HGF‐ADSC) resulted in enhanced production of HGF. Meanwhile, modHGF modification enhanced the viability and migration of ADSCs. Notably, culture media from HGF‐ADSCs exhibited a more potent inhibitory effect on the proliferation and migration of HSFs. In addition, culture media from HGF‐ADSCs inhibited extracellular matrix synthesis of HSFs, as evidenced by reduced expression levels of Col I, Col III, and α‐SMA, while increasing expression of MMP‐1 and MMP‐3. Conversely, neutralization experiments confirmed that these effects could be effectively alleviated by blocking HGF activity.ConclusionmodHGF modification optimizes the inhibitory effect of ADSCs on HSF activation, which provides a promising alternative for preventing and treating hyperplastic scars.
Implementation of the Health Promoting School Approach in Europe: A Cross‐Sectional Study Among National Representatives
Authors: Bartelink Nina , van Assema Patricia , Vennegoor Gerjanne , Bessems Kathelijne 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAlthough principles of the health promoting school (HPS) approach are followed worldwide, differences between countries in the implementation are reported. The aim of the current study was (1) to examine the implementation of the HPS approach in European countries in terms of different implementation indicators, that is, percentage of schools implementing the HPS approach, implementation of core components, and positioning on so‐called HPS‐related spectra, (2) to explore patterns of consistency between the implementation indicators across countries, and (3) to examine perceived barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the HPS approach across countries.MethodsThis study analyzed data from a survey that was part of the Schools for Health in Europe network's Monitoring Task 2020. The survey was completed by HPS representatives of 24 network member countries.ResultsLarge variations exist in (the influencing factors for) the implementation of the HPS approach in European countries. Observed patterns show that countries with higher percentages of schools implementing the HPS approach also score higher on the implementation of the core components and, in terms of spectra, more toward implementing multiple HPS core components, add‐in strategies, action‐oriented research and national‐level driven dissemination. In each country a unique mix of barriers and facilitators was observed.ConclusionCountries committed to implementing the HPS approach in as many schools as possible also seem to pay attention to the quality of implementation. For a complete and accurate measurement of implementation, the use of multiple implementation indicators is desirable.
Clinical outcomes of MAFLD versus NAFLD: A meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Pennisi Grazia , Infantino Giuseppe , Celsa Ciro , Di Maria Gabriele , Enea Marco , Vaccaro Marco , Cannella Roberto , Ciccioli Carlo , La Mantia Claudia , Mantovani Alessandro , Mercurio Francesco , Tilg Herbert , Targher Giovanni , Di Marco Vito , Cammà Calogero , Petta Salvatore 
Published: August 2024

AbstractImportanceThe recent change in terminology from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) highlights the link between hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunction, taking out the stigmata of alcohol.ObjectiveWe compared the effects of NAFLD and MAFLD definitions on the risk of overall and cardiovascular (CV) mortality, liver‐related events (LRE), nonfatal CV events (CVE), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and extra‐hepatic cancers (EHC).Data Sources and Study SelectionWe systematically searched four large electronic databases for cohort studies (published through August 2023) that simultaneously used NAFLD and MAFLD definitions for examining the risk of mortality and adverse CV, renal, or oncological outcomes associated with both definitions. In total, 21 eligible cohort studies were identified. Meta‐analysis was performed using random‐effects modelling.ResultsCompared with those with NAFLD, individuals with MAFLD had significantly higher rates of overall mortality (random‐effect OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04–1.21, p = .004) and CV mortality (random‐effect OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.04–1.26, p = .004), and a marginal trend towards higher rates of developing CKD (random‐effect OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.12, p = .058) and EHC events (random‐effect OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.00–1.23, p = .052). We found no significant differences in the risk LREs and nonfatal CVE between MAFLD and NAFLD. Meta‐regression analyses identified male sex and metabolic comorbidities as the strongest risk factors related to the risk of adverse clinical outcomes in MAFLD compared to NAFLD.Conclusions and RelevanceIndividuals with MAFLD have higher rates of overall and CV mortality and higher rates of developing CKD and EHC events than those with NAFLD, possibly due to the dysmetabolic risk profile related to MAFLD.
Insights into the evolutionary and ecological adaption strategies of nirS‐ and nirK‐type denitrifying communities
Authors: Ming Yuzhen , Abdullah Al Mamun , Zhang Dandan , Zhu Wengen , Liu Huanping , Cai Lanlan , Yu Xiaoli , Wu Kun , Niu Mingyang , Zeng Qinglu , He Zhili , Yan Qingyun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDenitrification is a crucial process in the global nitrogen cycle, in which two functionally equivalent genes, nirS and nirK, catalyse the critical reaction and are usually used as marker genes. The nirK gene can function independently, whereas nirS requires additional genes to encode nitrite reductase and is more sensitive to environmental factors than nirK. However, the ecological differentiation mechanisms of those denitrifying microbial communities and their adaptation strategies to environmental stresses remain unclear. Here, we conducted metagenomic analysis for sediments and bioreactor samples from Lake Donghu, China. We found that nirS‐type denitrifying communities had a significantly lower horizontal gene transfer frequency than that of nirK‐type denitrifying communities, and nirS gene phylogeny was more congruent with taxonomy than that of nirK gene. Metabolic reconstruction of metagenome‐assembled genomes further revealed that nirS‐type denitrifying communities have robust metabolic systems for energy conservation, enabling them to survive under environmental stresses. Nevertheless, nirK‐type denitrifying communities seemed to adapt to oxygen‐limited environments with the ability to utilize various carbon and nitrogen compounds. Thus, this study provides novel insights into the ecological differentiation mechanism of nirS and nirK‐type denitrifying communities, as well as the regulation of the global nitrogen cycle and greenhouse gas emissions.