bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EU as a Highly Competitive Social Market Economy –Goal, Options, and Reality
Authors: Šmejkal Václav , Šaroch Stanislav 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
In paragraph 3 of its Article 3, the Treaty on European Union (TEU) requires the EU to go after the goal of a highly competitive social market economy for the first time. It is noticeable in the aforementioned Treaty clause that although it deals with the EU internal market, its authors burdened it with a mission that is far more socially-oriented than market-oriented. However, is „a highly competitive social market econo-my“ of today a meaningful goal and does the EU in its present form have the project and powers to achieve such an objective? The paper is a combination of economic and legal -political analysis through which the authors try to answer three main questions: What is the contemporary meaning of the term “social market economy” in the both economic and EU-law academic theory? Can the EU within the powers conferred to it positively fulfill such an objective, or can it just approach it by weakening the still pre-vailing tendency towards liberalization and deregulation brought about by the construc-tion of the EU internal market and by the promotion of its freedoms?
Carl Andresen (1909-1985) – ein protestantischer Kirchenhistoriker in seiner Zeit
Authors: Ritter Adolf Martin 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
The article sketches fundamental lines of the research and the person of Carl Andresen. Born in the north of Schleswig he remained a man between the boarders, between Patristics and Christian Archeology. This was the basis for his intensive work on the subject “Antiquity and Christianity”, as it can be observed already in his book about Celsus. Finally, the theological importance of Church History was stressed by Andresen. This lead him to a high estimation of “Dogmengeschichte”.
„Patristik – heute eine Disziplin mit Zukunft!“ Zum Gedenken an Carl Andresen (1909-1985)
Authors: Gemeinhardt Peter 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
The present paper gives an outline of Carl Andresen’s scholarly biography and then points out some of his lasting achievements for the writing of Church History. Being initially infl uenced by Hans Lietzmann’s concept of the history of early Christianity, Andresen developed a more theologically informed way of analysing historical phenomena (while retaining his interest in sociological, cultural and philosophical approaches to Religion). Church History is structured by certain “types” of Churches, reflecting sociological as well as ecclesiological aspects. While early Christianity inevitably belongs to the religious commonwealth of Late Antiquity, its self-understanding leads to distinguishing it from other religions. Andresen’s work thus provides a theological framework even for current historical analyses of the Ancient Church.
The Education and (Self-)Affirmation of (Recent or Potential) Converts: The Case of Cyprian and the Ad Donatum
Authors: Engberg Jakob 
Published: April 2015

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Das Setting in Cyprians apologetischem Werk Ad Donatum ist ein Gespräch zwischen ihm und einem Freund, Donatus, das in einem hübschen Garten stattfindet. Im Zusammenhang dieses Gesprächs berichtet Cyprian seinem Freund über seine Hinwendung zum Christentum. Dabei ist zugleich neben Donatus ein größeres Publikum angesprochen, vermutlich Konvertiten in den (je verschiedenen) Stadien ihres Konversionsprozesses. Cyprians Beschreibung diente seiner Selbstvergewisserung über Sinn und Wert von Bekehrung, spornte zugleich aber seinen Gesprächspartner Donatus in dessen Konversionsprozess ebenso an wie andere Leser, die entweder neue oder potentielle Konvertiten waren. Die Bekehrungserzählung reflektiert daher die Bedeutung, die Christen in Karthago um die Mitte des dritten Jahrhunderts der Bekehrung zuschreiben konnten, und die Wertvorstellungen, denen Cyprian während seines Konversionsprozesses begegnete. Damit reiht sich Cyprian unter die Autoren ein, die gewöhnlich als Apologeten bezeichnet werden: Unter den 16 Werken, die gewöhnlich hierzu gezählt werden, beziehen sich 14 auf die Bekehrung des Verfassers. Verteidigung des Christentums, Selbstvergewisserung der zum Christentum Gekommenen und Befürwortung der Hinwendung zum Christentum greifen Hand in Hand.
Ps.-Theophili Alexandrini Sermo de Cruce et Latrone (CPG 2622): Edition of Pierpont Morgan M595 with Parallels and Translation
Authors: Suciu Alin 
Published: April 2015

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet Edition und Übersetzung einer koptischen Homilie zum „Kreuz und dem guten Dieb“ (CPG 2622; clavis coptica 0395), welche Theophilus von Alexandria zugeschrieben wird. Die Edition basiert auf dem Pierpont Morgan Codex M595, ff. 141ro-148ro, einem Pergament-Codex aus dem 9. Jahrhundert, der zum Kloster des Erzengels Michael bei Hamuli in der Fayyum Oase gehörte. Der kritische Apparat belegt die verschiedenen Lesarten der drei anderen verbliebenen Manuskripte dieser Predigt. In der Einleitung findet sich eine Beschreibung der Manuskripte sowie ein Kommentar, der die Predigt über das „Kreuz und den guten Dieb“ von Pseudo- Theophilus ins Verhältnis zur patristischen exegetischen Tradition setzt. Auf literarische Verbindungen zwischen der langen Hymne auf das Kreuz im hier editierten Text und vergleichbarem Stoff im pseudo-Chrysostsomischen Werk In venerabilem crucem sermo (CPG 4525) wird hingewiesen.
Christianisierungen im Römischen Reich: Überlegungen zum Begriff und zur Phasenbildung
Authors: Leppin Hartmut 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
Although the word Christianisation is used frequently in Late Antique studies, definitions are rare. This article proposes a very broad definition: Christianisation denotes historical developments, which lead to a hegemony of Christian discourses or practices in certain spaces, areas, or sections of society. Christian discourses and practices refer to narrations about Christ as a key figure and later on foundational texts which contain them. These developments are not necessarily contemporaneous in various sections of society and they are not linear. Based on this definition, which is not teleological and not normative, a model of stages of Christianisations is put up for discussion: In the beginning, there were particulate Christianisations, affecting only certain groups or areas. It was a special case, when emperors turned to Christianity, deeply changing the political and normative order. Yet, at first, we can observe neutralisation in various social spaces, as for example in political communication; even discourses about forbearance were articulated in imperial panegyric. This stage, however, was short and led to a totalisation of Christianity during the sixth century, when Christian discourses and practices asserted themselves nearly everywhere, preserving, on the other hand, an impressive polyphony within Christianity.
The Election of Primian of Carthage: The Beginning of the End of Donatist Christianity?
Authors: Gaumer Matthew Alan 
Published: April 2015

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
Die bisher wichtigste christliche Gruppe in Nordafrika, die Donatisten, verschwanden nach intensiven Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Römischen Reich und der mit ihm verbündeten katholischen Kirche zu Beginn des fünften Jahrhunderts in ihrer bisherigen festen Organisationsform. Dieser Artikel fragt nach den Gründen hierfür und setzt dabei bei der umstrittenen Wahl Primians zum Bischof von Karthago im Jahr 392 ein. Der historische Kontext der Bischofswahl Primians und der folgenden Kontroverse, die die donatistische Gruppe spaltete, ist bereits erforscht. Insbesondere das Maximianische Schisma zeitigte in diesem Konflikt enorme Probleme, die Primian zunächst durch den Einsatz von Gewalt durch das Römische Reich zurückdrängen konnte. Die Auswirkungen des Schismas traten dann in den anti-donatistischen Werken Augustins von Hippo in den 390er- und 400er-Jahren offensichtlich zu Tage, der daraus drei beißend polemische Argumente ableitete: (1) Donatisten widersprächen ihrer Überzeugung von der Notwendigkeit der Wiedertaufe, indem sie Maximianer die Reintegration ohne Buße oder Widertaufe ermöglichten, (2) sie konterkarierten ihre Betonung der notwendigen Trennung der Kirche von der Welt, indem sie zur Unterdrückung der Maximianer mit dem Römischen Reich koalierten, und (3) Primian habe ausgerechnet die Handlungen wiederholt, die die Donatisten als Ursache ihrer Trennung von den Katholiken ansahen. Augustin verwendete nicht nur literarisch diese Argumente gegen seine Gegner, sondern plädierte (nach 405) auch dafür, dass das Römische Reich die donatistische Kirche auflöst, und zwar auf der Grundlage des Vorwurfs der Häresie und der entsprechenden theodosianischen anti-häretischen Gesetze. Diese Strategie wurde im Jahr 411 auf einem Konzil in Karthago dadurch zur Vollendung gebracht, dass die Auflösung der donatistischen Kirche und die Zusammenführung beider Kirchenstrukturen angeordnet wurden. Zusammenfassend kann die Handlungsweise Primians als oftmals unüberlegt bewertet werden, doch würde es zu weit gehen, ihn allein für das Verschwinden der Donatisten verantwortlich zu machen.
Aufsätze / Essays. Des Kaisers Inszenierung Mythologie und neronische Christenverfolgung
Authors: Schmitt Tassilo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT
The article proposes a new explanation for a note in 1 Clem that „Christian women had to suffer by playing Dirces and Danaids“: It’s nothing but a variation of the „selected punishments“ which characterize Nero’s persecution of Christians. Using myths which were popular at Rome in his times, the histrionic punishments were expressions of the Emperors rôle as a philanthropic artist. In each case Nero also used the arts to make political statements more pointedly.
Warum wirken Wunder? Die Sprache der Ärzte im Traum
Authors: Zeppezauer Dorothea 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWhy are miracles successful? The language of physicians in dreams. This article shows from four different angles and with several examples how miracle stories are composed. It discusses which kind of motifs and functions are used by the authors. In particular it illustrates how the language used by the healer appearing in the patient’s dream is comparable to pagan medical terminology.
Zur Biographie des Bischofs Fortunatian von Aquileia
Authors: Dorfbauer Lukas J. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractFortunatianus, who was bishop of Aquileia in the middle of the 4th century, has not received much scholarly attention. His commentary on the Gospels, which was written under Constantius II (337-361) and used by later writers such as Jerome, was thought to be lost, apart from three short excerpts which were discovered only in the 20th century. However, a (nearly) complete copy of Fortunatianus’ allegedly lost commentary on the Gospels was found in 2012. The present article takes this discovery as an occasion to collect and discuss all the extant sources which are relevant for reconstructing the biography and career of bishop Fortunatianus of Aquileia. Furthermore, it discusses Fortunatianus’ theological positions in the dogmatic controversies of the 4th century on the basis of the full text of his Gospel commentary for the first time (which makes it possible to reject earlier conjectures about his supposed inclinations to “Arianism”). Finally, this article addresses in an appendix the reliability of Jerome as witness to Fortunatianus’ life and work.
Edition: “Jesus says: ‘There Is Nothing Buried That Will Not Be Raised’.” A Late-Antique Shroud with Gospel of Thomas Logion 5 in Context
Authors: Luijendijk AnneMarie 
Published: April 2015

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn diesem Artikel zeige ich, dass ein kleines Leichentuch mit den Wörtern “Jesus sagt: Nichts ist begraben, was nicht auferweckt wird” zeigt, dass das Thomasevangelium im 5. oder 6. Jahrhundert noch in Oxyrhynchos benutzt wurde. Dieses Leichentuch trägt auch wesentlich zum Verständnis ägyptisch-christlicher Begräbnisbräuche und des Glaubens an die Auferstehung bei.
Publish and Anguish: Reconsidering the Never-Ending Crisis of the Humanities
Authors: Cobb Russell 
Published: April 2015

Publish and Anguish: Reconsidering the Never Ending Crisis of the HumanitiesRussell CobbThis article reviews three books (Michael Bérubé. The Left at War. New York: New York University Press, 2009; Stanley Fish. Save the World on Your Own Time. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008; Louis Menand, The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Reaction in the American University. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010) in the larger context of the decline in funding and enrollment numbers in humanities departments. The article explores various responses to the crisis in the humanities in North America and ultimately agrees with Menand that reforms must be taken to make the humanities more relevant to fields outside the academy. The author disagrees with Fish that it is advisable or even possible to separate academic work from politics and also disagrees with Menand that the radical Left, or "Manichean" Left, represents a substantial problem in mainstream academic culture. Publier et s’angoisser: Reconsidérations sur la crise éternelle des sciences humaines Russell Cobb Cet article examine trois ouvrages récents (The Left at War par Michael Bérubé, New York: New York University Press, 2009; Save the World on Your Own Time, par Stanley Fish, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008; The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Reaction in the American University par Louis Menand, New York: W.W. Norton, 2010) dans la perspective du déclin du financement et des inscriptions au sein des départements de sciences humaines. L’auteur y passe en revue un certain nombre de positions adoptées jusqu’ici face à cette crise du point de vue nord-américain, pour finalement se ranger aux arguments de Menand selon lesquels une réforme est nécessaire en vue de rendre les sciences humaines plus compatibles avec des domaines extérieurs au monde académique. L’article s’oppose toutefois à Menand sur la prétendue nature problématique d’une intelligentsia radicale de gauche dans les universités, et prend le contrepied des propos de Fish quant au besoin de séparer la recherche fondamentale de la sphère politique.
MOTHERHOOD AND THE MEDIA UNDER THE MICROSCOPE: THE BACKLASH AGAINST FEMINISM AND THE MOMMY WARS
Authors: Akass Kim 
Published: April 2015

Despite the passing of sexual discrimination legislation, the difficulty of combining work and motherhood repeatedly hits the headlines. This paper looks at the American media phenomenon known as the ‘mommy wars’ and asks if British mothers can expect to face the same issues and attitudes as their American sisters.
A SURREAL LANDSCAPE OF DEVASTATION: AN ANALYSIS OF LEE MILLER’S GRIM GLORY PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE LONDON BLITZ
Authors: Hilditch Lynn 
Published: April 2015

As surrealist war documents, Lee Miller’s war photographs of the London Blitz, published in Ernestine Carter’s Grim Glory: Pictures of Britain Under Fire (1941), effectively demonstrate what Susan Sontag referred to as “a beauty in ruins”. Miller’s Blitz photographs may be deemed aesthetically significant by considering her Surrealist background and by analyzing her images within the context of André Breton’s theory of “convulsive beauty”. Therefore, this essay aims to demonstrate how Miller’s photographs not only depict the chaos and destruction of Britain during the Blitz, they also expose Surrealism’s love of strange, evocative or humorous juxtapositions in the form of artistic visual representations of a temporary surreal landscape filled with fallen statues and broken typewriters.
IN SEARCH OF AUTHENTICITY: TIME AND SPACE IN RUSSIAN HORROR FILM
Authors: Isakava Volha 
Published: April 2015

The paper looks into recent Russian horror films, exploring how the genre conventions associated with Hollywood are transformed and upheld in Russian cinema. The paper argues that the use of space, particularly urban venues, in horror films establishes a sense of authenticity and marks otherwise derivative generic productions as uniquely Russian. The films examined are Night and Day Watch duology (2004, 2006), Trackman (2007) and Dead Daughters (2007); all are set in contemporary Moscow.
THE NEW TOPOGRAPHICS, DARK ECOLOGY, AND THE ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE OF NATIONS: CONSIDERING AGENCY IN THE PHOTOGRAPHS OF EDWARD BURTYNSKY AND MITCH EPSTEIN FROM A POST-ANARCHIST PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Truscello Michael 
Published: April 2015

Edward Burtynsky’s aesthetic and the New Topographic aesthetic from which it derives, I argue, should not be seen as apolitical but rather as traces of an empire in ruins and a sociality to come; that is, by employing a post-anarchist analysis, I demonstrate how Burtynsky’s photographs in his recent collection Oil, and Mitch Epstein’s images from American Power, produce an aesthetic of what Yves Abrioux calls “intensive landscaping,” or “landscaping as style, as the promise of a social spacing yet to come” (264). What Burtynsky and Epstein accomplish in their photographs related to energy in particular is “to invent relations, rather than assert ideological or cultural control” (ibid.); the place of energy extraction and transport becomes not a self-contained striation of ecological degradation, but a “place of passage,” to use Deleuze and Guattari’s terminology, a depiction of wildness and civilization in contact, assembled and reformulating the landscape into something other. The aesthetic under consideration has much in common with Timothy Morton’s “dark ecology” and Stephanie LeManager’s “feeling ecological,” theories that attempt to understand the affective connections between the infrastructure of oil capitalism and ecology (“Petro-Melancholia” 27).
UNCONVENTIONAL OIL AND THE GIFT OF THE UNDULATING PEAK
Authors: Stoekl Allan 
Published: April 2015

In the first part of this essay, I consider why the discussion over the likelihood of imminent “peak oil” has faded from public view in the last few years. I suggest that, due to the decline in demand (due to the recession) and the development of “unconventional” natural gas and oil sources, the “cost” of fuels has passed from the obvious rise in price to that of another dimension: the rise of hidden, “external” costs—a recession triggered by too-high prices, pollution, climate change, and so on. I argue, moreover, that this externalized cost forever defies precise measurement. This is clear, for example, in the case of the “unconventional” production of gas in the “tar sands” region of Alberta. How can one measure the cost of drifting underground plumes of arsenic that may not show up for hundreds of years? All of this makes a precise calculation of “sustainability” just about impossible, while at the same time not absolving us—all of those living in the current fossil-fuel civilization—from attempting to calculate it. In the final part of the essay, I suggest that our subjectivity—as consumers, as free agents—is itself an after-effect of the agency of oil: we as subjects are interpellated by oil. Thus one response to the unknowability of externalities—tied to the impossibility of the “closed economy” of sustainability calculation—may be a different model of agency, in which calculation is replaced, or supplemented, by the act of gift-giving. Most important, perhaps, would be the giving of the gift of oil “addiction” not to any recipient (or agent), but to a necessarily repeated forgetting.
RESISTANCE IS FUTILE? ENDURING HEGEMONY DESPITE IDEOLOGICAL CHALLENGE
Authors: Lassiter Tracy 
Published: April 2015

Hegemonic discourse often portrays as “normal” or desirable the use of fossil fuels, despite the devastation brought through accessing those fuels. Currently, some of the worst examples of this devastation result from the petroleum industry. However, efforts to challenge its practices–and its hegemonic power–in fact reinforce other forms of hegemonic power. This article examines some of those instances. This article analyzes filmmaker Joe Berlinger’s 2009 documentary Crude.Crudefeatures the lawsuit filed by 30,000 Ecuadorian people against Chevron. Ironically, Crude shows how Western upper-class privilege is invoked to solve the Ecuadorians’ problems. We can infer their resistance to one hegemonic power–i.e., a multinational petroleum corporation–is only possible through using other hegemonic power like white, male, upper-class privilege. This article draws upon Gayatri Spivak’s canonical text “Can the Subaltern Speak” and Louis Althusser’s concept of ideological apparatuses to support this claim.
RELATIONSHIPS OF OWNERSHIP: ART AND THEFT IN BOB DYLAN’S 1960S TRILOGY
Authors: Rodgers Michael 
Published: April 2015

Bob Dylan’s corpus is one continually engaged with appropriation and pilfering. This paper will look, predominantly, at three songs from his 1960s’ trilogy – ‘She Belongs To Me’ from Bringing It All Back Home (1965), ‘Visions of Johanna’ from Blonde on Blonde(1966), and ‘Desolation Row’ from Highway 61 Revisited (1965) – arguing that, in these songs, Dylan problematizes the interrelationship between art, theft, and ownership. I argue that, similar to the urban artist Banksy, Dylan challenges, toys with, and appropriates cultural images in order to continually question the concept of proprietorship whilst rescuing cultural images from esoterica and attempting to put them back into the public domain.
IN POSSESSION OF A STOLEN WEAPON: FROM JOHN GAY’S MACHEATH TO RUBÉN BLADES’ PEDRO NAVAJA
Authors: Viselli Antonio 
Published: April 2015

This article analyses the cult salsa song “Pedro Navaja” by Panamanian artist Rubén Blades and the relevance of narrating such a genre peculiar to dancing, an analysis in accordance with adaptation theory outlined by Linda Hutcheon, and a Brechtian semiotic methodology which combinesGestus with theories of the sign. “Pedro Navaja” is arguably a re-writing of “Mack the Knife” – or Die Moritat von Mackie Messer – one which contains, as a sort of mise-en-abyme, elements not only of Kurt Weill’s song, but of both John Gay’s The Beggar’s Opera and Bertolt Brecht’s The Threepenny Opera. This study focuses on the fertile adaptation history of the highwayman Macheath since Gay’s work, on close-readings of “Pedro Navaja” – a narrativized cerebral salsa song – and on the ethics of adapting a character, story or genre. Finally, when the character Pedro Navaja is adapted from Blades’ song by a cineaste and playwright, Blades, furious with what others have done with ‘his’ character, decides to resuscitate his eponymous hero killed off at the end of the original song in order to regain the authority of his creation. From theoretical questions including how to read an adaptation or what constitutes an adaptation, this article focuses on the diachronic recurrences of a specific character-type, on the significance of juxtaposing particular historical junctures and on the violence of adaptation and authorship.