bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collectieve acties uit solidariteit, als correlarium van de vrijheid van collectief overleg (artikel 6 ESH) en van de vrijheid van vakvereniging (artikel 11 EVRM)
Authors: Dorssemont F. 
Published: July 2015

Collectieve acties uit solidariteit, als correlarium van de vrijheid van collectief overleg (artikel 6 ESH) en van de vrijheid van vakvereniging (artikel 11 EVRM)

HR 31 oktober 2014, JAR 2014/298 (Enerco)In 2014 dienden twee hoge rechtscolleges een uitspraak te doen over de rechtmatigheid van collectieve acties die in het teken stonden van solidariteit. Het meest recente arrest is van Hollandse bodem. Op 31 oktober 2014 sprak de Hoge Raad zich uit over de voorziening in cassatie die FNV Bondgenoten en de vakvereniging Het Zwarte Korps inleidden tegen een arrest van het Gerechtshof Arnhem-Leeuwarden. Nagenoeg acht maanden eerder diende het Europees Hof voor de Rechten van de Mens zich uit te spreken over de vraag of de Britse wettelijke bepalingen die solidariteitsstakingen (secondary actions) verboden een aantasting inhielden van de door artikel 11 EVRM gewaarborgde vrijheid van vakvereniging. In deze bijdrage wordt het arrest van de Hoge Raad geanalyseerd en geduid. Het Enerco-arrest wordt in drievoud gecontextualiseerd. De eerste contextualisering is van rechtsvergelijkende aard. In een tweede beweging wordt onderzocht hoe de door de Hoge Raad gegeven interpretatie van artikel 6 ESH zich verhoudt tot de ‘jurisprudentie’ (lees: de conclusies van het Europees Comité voor Sociale Rechten) en met enkele spraakmakende commentaren van het Europees Sociaal Handvest in verband met de rechtspositie van de uit solidariteit gevoerde collectieve actie. Tot slot wordt het Enerco-arrest geconfronteerd met het arrest RMT/VK
Burgerparticipatie en ‘crafting’ in het lokale veiligheidsbeleid
Authors: van der Land Marco , van Stokkom Bas 
Published: July 2015

Citizen participation and crafting professionals in local safety and security policy
An increasingly large degree of ‘public craftsmanship’ is demanded from professionals working in neighborhoods where citizens actively participate in security issues. The central question in this article is what role these neighbourhood professionals – mostly civil servants, (community) police officers and welfare professionals – play in facilitating and supporting civic projects in the field of security, how they create their ‘own’ social order outside of the formal policy domain of the organizations involved, and how they keep the public interest in mind. On the basis of three types of neighbourhood based projects – Neighbourhood Watches, ‘The Neighbourhood Governs’, and Residential Budgets – questions about the improvising and ‘crafting’ work of professionals are explored in this article. Such work is much needed in order to successfully establish connections between the different parties involved, navigate between the interests of citizens and organizations, recruit civilians while simultaneously amending their aspirations and expectations, safeguard public interests and ensure the progress of projects. Some professionals back away from these additional tasks and responsibilities they are increasingly face with. In many neighbourhoods much more is required from professionals however than the traditional roles as they were once defined by police, welfare and municipal organizations. In particular, the ‘new’ crafting professionals need to be able to deal with unreasonable expectations of ‘angry citizens’ who tend to dominate citizen participation in local security issues, act impartially and be accountable to the larger public, show personality and street credibility, and, finally, be attentive to unequal outcomes with regard to the distribution of safety and security projects in neighborhoods and districts.
Positieve veiligheid: een kwestie van vertrouwen
Authors: van Marle Fenna 
Published: July 2015

Positive security: a matter of trust
The concept of security is mainly used in a negative way as it is related to the prevention and repression of matters which are perceived as not secure or not safe. This article provides a definition of positive security in order to provide a starting point for research and for working on positive security in the field. The influence of the belief in the idea of social engineering on the negative view of security is discussed and the way in which this is a hindrance to security. The meaning of the concept of security is outlined by focusing on the origin of this concept, the difference between objective and subjective security and by distinguishing it from the absence of crime. Research on public familiarity is covered which is argued to be an important concept in relation to positive security as it shows the importance of trust and predictability. The statement that trust is crucial to security is further supported by examining this relationship from a psychological perspective. In addition agency is introduced as the second factor, next to trust, as conditions for creating positive security. Finally, the focus is on the practical utility of the operationalisation of positive security for further research on the way positive security is shaped in practice.
Cell Therapy Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Renal Progenitors Ameliorates Acute Kidney Injury in Mice
Authors: Toyohara Takafumi , Mae Shin-Ichi , Sueta Shin-Ichi , Inoue Tatsuyuki , Yamagishi Yukiko , Kawamoto Tatsuya , Kasahara Tomoko , Hoshina Azusa , Toyoda Taro , Tanaka Hiromi , Araoka Toshikazu , Sato-Otsubo Aiko , Takahashi Kazutoshi , Sato Yasunori , Yamaji Noboru , Ogawa Seishi , Yamanaka Shinya , Osafune Kenji 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a rapid loss of renal function resulting from various etiologies, with a mortality rate exceeding 60% among intensive care patients. Because conventional treatments have failed to alleviate this condition, the development of regenerative therapies using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) presents a promising new therapeutic option for AKI. We describe our methodology for generating renal progenitors from hiPSCs that show potential in ameliorating AKI. We established a multistep differentiation protocol for inducing hiPSCs into OSR1+SIX2+ renal progenitors capable of reconstituting three-dimensional proximal renal tubule-like structures in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that renal subcapsular transplantation of hiPSC-derived renal progenitors ameliorated the AKI in mice induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury, significantly suppressing the elevation of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels and attenuating histopathological changes, such as tubular necrosis, tubule dilatation with casts, and interstitial fibrosis. To our knowledge, few reports demonstrating the therapeutic efficacy of cell therapy with renal lineage cells generated from hiPSCs have been published. Our results suggest that regenerative medicine strategies for kidney diseases could be developed using hiPSC-derived renal cells.

Significance
This report is the first to demonstrate that the transplantation of renal progenitor cells differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has therapeutic effectiveness in mouse models of acute kidney injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury. In addition, this report clearly demonstrates that the therapeutic benefits come from trophic effects by the renal progenitor cells, and it identifies the renoprotective factors secreted by the progenitors. The results of this study indicate the feasibility of developing regenerative medicine strategy using iPS cells against renal diseases.
Pseudo Almost Periodic Solutions for HCNNs with Time-Varying Leakage Delays
Authors: Tunç Cemil 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a class of high-order cellular neural networks (HCNNs) model with time-varying delays in the leakage terms. We give some sufficient conditions which guarantee the exponential stability of pseudo almost periodic solutions for the model. The obtained results complement with some recent ones in the literature.The technique of proof involves the exponential dichotomy theory and the fixed point theorem. An illustrative example is given with an application.
Controls on the breach geometry and flood hydrograph during overtopping of noncohesive earthen dams
Authors: Walder Joseph S. , Iverson Richard M. , Godt Jonathan W. , Logan Matthew , Solovitz Stephen A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOvertopping failure of noncohesive earthen dams was investigated in 13 large‐scale experiments with dams built of compacted, damp, fine‐grained sand. Breaching was initiated by cutting a notch across the dam crest and allowing water escaping from a finite upstream reservoir to form its own channel. The channel developed a stepped profile, and upstream migration of the steps, which coalesced into a headcut, led to the establishment of hydraulic control (critical flow) at the channel head, or breach crest, an arcuate erosional feature that functions hydraulically as a weir. Novel photogrammetric methods, along with underwater videography, revealed that the retreating headcut maintained a slope near the angle of friction of the sand, while the cross section at the breach crest maintained a geometrically similar shape through time. That cross‐sectional shape was nearly unaffected by slope failures, contrary to the assumption in many models of dam breaching. Flood hydrographs were quite reproducible—for sets of dams ranging in height from 0.55 m to 0.98 m—when the time datum was chosen as the time that the migrating headcut intersected the breach crest. Peak discharge increased almost linearly as a function of initial dam height. Early‐time variability between flood hydrographs for nominally identical dams is probably a reflection of subtle experiment‐to‐experiment differences in groundwater hydrology and the interaction between surface water and groundwater.
Geology, sulfide geochemistry and supercritical venting at the Beebe Hydrothermal Vent Field, Cayman Trough
Authors: Webber Alexander P. , Roberts Stephen , Murton Bramley J. , Hodgkinson Matthew R. S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe Beebe Vent Field (BVF) is the world's deepest known hydrothermal system, at 4960 m below sea level. Located on the Mid‐Cayman Spreading Centre, Caribbean, the BVF hosts high temperature (∼401°C) “black smoker” vents that build Cu, Zn and Au‐rich sulfide mounds and chimneys. The BVF is highly gold‐rich, with Au values up to 93 ppm and an average Au:Ag ratio of 0.15. Gold precipitation is directly associated with diffuse flow through “beehive” chimneys. Significant mass‐wasting of sulfide material at the BVF, accompanied by changes in metal content, results in metaliferous talus and sediment deposits. Situated on very thin (2–3 km thick) oceanic crust, at an ultraslow spreading centre, the hydrothermal system circulates fluids to a depth of ∼1.8 km in a basement that is likely to include a mixture of both mafic and ultramafic lithologies. We suggest hydrothermal interaction with chalcophile‐bearing sulfides in the mantle rocks, together with precipitation of Au in beehive chimney structures, has resulted in the formation of a Au‐rich volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit. With its spatial distribution of deposit materials and metal contents, the BVF represents a modern day analogue for basalt hosted, Au‐rich VMS systems.
Injection of iodine to the stratosphere
Authors: Saiz‐Lopez A. , Baidar S. , Cuevas C. A. , Koenig T. K. , Fernandez R. P. , Dix B. , Kinnison D. E. , Lamarque J.‐F. , Rodriguez‐Lloveras X. , Campos T. L. , Volkamer R. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe report a new estimation of the injection of iodine into the stratosphere based on novel daytime (solar zenith angle < 45°) aircraft observations in the tropical tropopause layer and a global atmospheric model with the most recent knowledge about iodine photochemistry. The results indicate that significant levels of total reactive iodine (0.25–0.7 parts per trillion by volume), between 2 and 5 times larger than the accepted upper limits, can be injected into the stratosphere via tropical convective outflow. At these iodine levels, modeled iodine catalytic cycles account for up to 30% of the contemporary ozone loss in the tropical lower stratosphere and can exert a stratospheric ozone depletion potential equivalent to, or even larger than, that of very short‐lived bromocarbons. Therefore, we suggest that iodine sources and chemistry need to be considered in assessments of the historical and future evolution of the stratospheric ozone layer.
Van Allen Probes observation and modeling of chorus excitation and propagation during weak geomagnetic activities
Authors: He Yihua , Xiao Fuliang , Zhou Qinghua , Yang Chang , Liu Si , Baker D. N. , Kletzing C. A. , Kurth W. S. , Hospodarsky G. B. , Spence H. E. , Reeves G. D. , Funsten H. O. , Blake J. B. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe report correlated data on nightside chorus waves and energetic electrons during two small storm periods: 1 November 2012 (Dst≈−45) and 14 January 2013 (Dst≈−18). The Van Allen Probes simultaneously observed strong chorus waves at locations L = 5.8–6.3, with a lower frequency band 0.1–0.5fce and a peak spectral density ∼10−4 nT2/Hz. In the same period, the fluxes and anisotropy of energetic (∼10–300 keV) electrons were greatly enhanced in the interval of large negative interplanetary magnetic field Bz. Using a bi‐Maxwellian distribution to model the observed electron distribution, we perform ray tracing simulations to show that nightside chorus waves are indeed produced by the observed electron distribution with a peak growth for a field‐aligned propagation approximately between 0.3fce and 0.4fce, at latitude <7°. Moreover, chorus waves launched with initial normal angles either θ<90° or >90° propagate along the field either northward or southward and then bounce back either away from Earth for a lower frequency or toward Earth for higher frequencies. The current results indicate that nightside chorus waves can be excited even during weak geomagnetic activities in cases of continuous injection associated with negative Bz. Moreover, we examine a dayside event during a small storm C on 8 May 2014 (Dst≈−45) and find that the observed anisotropic energetic electron distributions potentially contribute to the generation of dayside chorus waves, but this requires more thorough studies in the future.
Mapping of decadal middle Adriatic oceanographic variability and its relation to the BiOS regime
Authors: Mihanović Hrvoje , Vilibić Ivica , Dunić Natalija , Šepić Jadranka 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe analyzed long‐term time series of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations collected along the Palagruža Sill transect (middle Adriatic) between 1952 and 2010. The data have been mostly collected on seasonal basis, allowing for extraction of seasonal signal from the series. By applying Self‐Organizing Maps (SOM) method, a kind of unsupervised neural network method, the processes on a decadal time scale emerged as the most relevant for changes of oceanographic properties in the middle Adriatic area. Sensitivity studies revealed that oceanographic patterns obtained by SOM were not sensitive to shortening of time series, to removal of data from one station or to removal of DO from the analysis. Simultaneous SOM‐based mapping of sea surface heights in the northern Ionian Sea, with these heights serving as a proxy for the Adriatic‐Ionian Bimodal Oscillating System (BiOS), revealed asymmetry between anticyclonic and cyclonic BiOS patterns and correlated the decadal oscillations in the middle Adriatic with the reversals in the BiOS circulation regimes. These reversals are found to either rapidly change oceanographic properties in the middle Adriatic (e.g., during the Eastern Mediterranean Transient) or to change them with a time lag of 2–3 years. The mapped connections may be used for a short‐time (a few years) forecasting of the Adriatic oceanographic properties or for mapping future climate decadal oscillations as seen by ocean climate models.
Right‐side cooling and phytoplankton bloom in the wake of a tropical cyclone
Authors: Huang S.‐M. , Oey Lie‐Yauw 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe rightward tendency (in northern hemisphere) of enhanced phytoplankton bloom often observed in the wake of a tropical cyclone has commonly been attributed to the rightward bias of mixing due to stronger wind and wind‐current resonance. We demonstrated using a high‐resolution biophysical model that vertical mixing alone resulted only in weak asymmetry after the passage of the storm. The enhanced bloom was caused instead by decreased turbulence due to restratification by submesoscale recirculation cells preferentially produced on the right side, rightward shift of cool isotherms, and spin‐up of a subsurface jet. We showed using a two‐time scale asymptotic expansion that these slower‐evolving features were forced by resonance Reynolds stresses of the energetic and rapidly oscillating near‐inertial internal waves.
Influence of availability of TAO data on NCEP ocean data assimilation systems along the equatorial Pacific
Authors: Hu Zeng‐Zhen , Kumar Arun 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIt is reasonable to assume that the quality of an ocean reanalysis will depend not only on the ocean data assimilation system but also on the availability of observational data. Among the data assimilated in the tropical Pacific, observations from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) moored array are an important contributor. Due to various reasons, in the last couple of years, TAO had a very low data delivery rate at some of the mooring sites. In this work, we examined the influence of the availability of in situ TAO data from all 10 equatorial mooring sites in 1999–2014 by comparing ocean temperature from two data assimilation systems at National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP): the Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS) and the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). Our working hypothesis is that missing of in situ observational data should lead to less observational constraint, and consequently, larger divergence between ocean reanalyses. Compared with periods of no in situ TAO observations, the disagreements of ocean temperature between CFSR and GODAS are indeed smaller when in situ TAO observations are available. The disagreements are largest along the thermocline due to its being the region of strongest variability. Thus, it is suggested that without the constraint of in situ TAO observations, the inconsistency between the ocean reanalyses from two NCEP data assimilation systems is larger, highlighting the contribution of TAO observations. Moreover, it is also suggested that the disagreement of ocean temperature between GODAS and CFSR is mainly caused by the difference of the models used in the assimilation systems and the impact of in situ TAO availability plays a secondary, but important role. To improve the quality of the assimilation products, it is necessary both to reduce model bias and to assimilate more high‐quality data.
Imbibition of hydraulic fracturing fluids into partially saturated shale
Authors: Birdsell Daniel T. , Rajaram Harihar , Lackey Greg 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRecent studies suggest that imbibition of hydraulic fracturing fluids into partially saturated shale is an important mechanism that restricts their migration, thus reducing the risk of groundwater contamination. We present computations of imbibition based on an exact semianalytical solution for spontaneous imbibition. These computations lead to quantitative estimates of an imbibition rate parameter (A) with units of
for shale, which is related to porous medium and fluid properties, and the initial water saturation. Our calculations suggest that significant fractions of injected fluid volumes (15–95%) can be imbibed in shale gas systems, whereas imbibition volumes in shale oil systems is much lower (3–27%). We present a nondimensionalization of A, which provides insights into the critical factors controlling imbibition, and facilitates the estimation of A based on readily measured porous medium and fluid properties. For a given set of medium and fluid properties, A varies by less than factors of ∼1.8 (gas nonwetting phase) and ∼3.4 (oil nonwetting phase) over the range of initial water saturations reported for the Marcellus shale (0.05–0.6). However, for higher initial water saturations, A decreases significantly. The intrinsic permeability of the shale and the viscosity of the fluids are the most important properties controlling the imbibition rate.
Detecting COOL Impacts on United States–Canada Bilateral Hog and Pork Trade Flows
Authors: Rude James , Felt Marie‐Hélène , Twine Edgar 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the impact of mandatory Country of Origin Labeling on American imports of Canadian hogs and pork by testing for structural change. Given the uncertainties over the timing of the implementation and reform of COOL, we implement statistical procedures that endogenously test for structural change over multiple time periods. We find evidence that COOL has impacted U.S./Canada feeder and slaughter hog trade flows. In contrast, we found no evidence of structural change for pork trade flows that could be associated with COOL. [EconLit citations: Q17; C12].
Effects of allergic rhinitis and desloratadine on the submandibular gland in a rat allergy model
Authors: Tatar Arzu , Parlak Secil Nazife , Yayla Muhammet , Ugan Rustem Anil , Polat Elif , Halici Zekai 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) and antihistamine usage can cause xerostomia. The study aims to examine if AR, antihistamines, and the use of antihistamines in AR have histopathological effects on the submandibular gland. The study also investigates the effect of oxidant and antioxidant plasma parameters.MethodsThirty‐two adult Sprague‐Dawley rats were used in the study. The rats were divided into the 4 following groups: the control group (C group); the AR group; an antihistamine‐treated group (AH group); and an AR plus antihistamine‐treated group (AR+AH group). The AR and AR+AH groups were sensitized using ovalbumin. The AR+AH and AH groups received desloratadine. The histopathological effects of AR and desloratadine treatment on the submandibular glands (SMGs) and the values of the oxidative and antioxidative serum parameters were evaluated.ResultsHistopathological examination of sections of the SMGs from the AR and AH groups revealed that vacuolization was present in the mucous acinar and ductal cells and that the number of connective‐tissue cells was greater than that of the control group. The appearances of the AR+AH–group sections were similar to those of the control group. The superoxide dismutase activity level and the glutathione level were relatively decreased in these groups compared with those of the control group. The malondialdehyde level in the AR group was increased compared with that of the control group.ConclusionThe AR‐induced pathological changes were diminished by desloratadine treatment. Thus, the new‐generation antihistamine desloratadine may be used to treatment of AR patients who have xerostomia.
Sodium‐Naphthalenide‐Driven Synthesis of Base‐Metal Nanoparticles and Follow‐up Reactions
Authors: Schöttle Christian , Bockstaller Pascal , Popescu Radian , Gerthsen Dagmar , Feldmann Claus 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMo0, W0, Fe0, Ru0, Re0, and Zn0 nanoparticles—essentially base metals—are prepared as a general strategy by a sodium naphthalenide ([NaNaph])‐driven reduction of simple metal chlorides in ethers (1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME), tetrahydrofuran (THF)). All the nanoparticles have diameters ≤10 nm, and they can be obtained either as powder samples or long‐term stable suspensions. Direct follow‐up reactions (e.g., Mo0+S8, FeCl3+AsCl3, ReCl5+MoCl5), moreover, allow the preparation of MoS2, FeAs2, or Re4Mo nanoparticles of similar size as the pristine metals (≤10 nm).