bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nomogram for predicting nasal bleeding after endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of pituitary adenomas: a retrospective study
Authors: Wang Ying , Wang Wei , Huang Qinghua , Yan Wei , Lan Meijuan 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop and validate a dynamic nomogram to assess the risk of nasal bleeding after endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on patients who underwent endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection from June 2019 to June 2021. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to screen for independent risk factors for nasal bleeding from the training set. A multivariate logistic regression model was established, a nomogram was plotted, and it was validated in an internal validation set. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA).ResultsThe nomogram indicators included anticoagulant use, sphenoid sinus artery injury, nasal irrigation, platelet count (PLT), and constipation. The predictive model had an area under the ROC curve of 0.932 (95% CI: 0.873–0.990) and 0.969 (95% CI: 0.940–0.997) for the training and validation sets, respectively, indicating good discrimination. The calibration curve showed good consistency between the actual and predicted incidence of nasal bleeding (p &gt; 0.05). DCA indicated that the nomogram had good clinical net benefit in predicting postoperative nasal bleeding in patients.ConclusionIn summary, this study explored the incidence and influencing factors of nasal bleeding after endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection and established a predictive model to assist clinical decision-making.
Characterisation of Fe Distribution in the Liquid–Solid Boundary of Al–Zn–Mg–Si Alloy Using Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Tian He , Qu Dongdong , Setargew Nega , Parker Daniel J. , Paterson David J. , StJohn David , Nogita Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2024

Al–Zn–Mg–Si alloy coatings have been developed to inhibit the corrosion of cold-rolled steel sheets by offering galvanic and barrier protection to the substrate steel. It is known that Fe deposited from the steel strip modifies the microstructure of the alloy. We cast samples of Al–Zn–Mg–Si coating alloys containing 0.4 wt% Fe and directionally solidified them using a Bridgman furnace to quantify the effect of this Fe addition between 600 °C and 240 °C. By applying a temperature gradient, growth is encouraged, and by then quenching the sample in coolant, the microstructure may be frozen. These samples were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to determine the morphological effects of the Fe distribution across the experimental temperature range. However, due to the sub 1 wt% concentration of Fe, synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM) was applied to quantitatively confirm the Fe distribution. Directionally solidified samples were scanned at 7.05 keV and 18.5 keV using X-ray fluorescence at the Australian Synchrotron using the Maia array detector. It was found that a mass nucleation event of the Fe-based τ6 phase occurred at 495 °C following the nucleation of the primary α-Al phase as a result of a peritectic reaction with remaining liquid.
The impact of probiotic supplementation on dental and general health metrics in pediatric populations
Authors: Tropina A. A. , Moseeva M. V. , Matveeva L. P. , Kovylina O. S. , Sterkhova E. V. 
Published: July 2024

Relevance. Acute respiratory infections account for over 90% of infectious diseases in children. These children are classified as frequently ill, representing a significant concern in contemporary pediatrics. The presence of odontogenic infections further depletes their immunity and acts as a persistent source of sensitisation for the child's body.Materials and methods. A clinical-laboratory longitudinal prospective study was conducted on 477 children aged 12 and 15 years. The children were categorised into groups based on their risk of developing caries (minimal, moderate, high). Oral health status was assessed using the DMF index, oral hygiene was evaluated using the OHI-S index, and periodontal tissue condition was assessed using the PMA index. The activity of cariogenic flora aggression enzymes was measured by the level of salivary sialidase. The child's health status was evaluated using the infection index and the recurrence index. The schoolchildren were recommended a course of a preparation consisting of a combination of the probiotic Streptococcus salivarius M18 (at least 5 x 10^8 CFU) and vitamin D3 (320 IU or 8 µg of vitamin D3) at a dosage of one tablet per day, taken sublingually, for two months twice a year.Results. The study identified moderate correlations between salivary sialidase levels and several indicators, including the gingivitis index, the quantity of dental plaque, and the increase in sialidase activity in saliva. The level of salivary sialidase is regarded as a marker for plaque formation and the extent of periodontal tissue inflammation. Comprehensive oral sanitation, coupled with the strategic use of immunoprophylactic agents, resulted in significant improvements in oral health indicators (OHI-S, PMA, caries reduction) and specific child health metrics (infection index, recurrence index). Additionally, there was a notable reduction in salivary sialidase levels. The method demonstrated the highest efficacy in 12-year-old children who were at high risk of developing caries.Conclusion. The obtained data should be considered when planning individual therapeutic and preventive measures for schoolchildren with varying risks of developing caries and differing overall health statuses. Probiotic-based preparations should be incorporated into these measures.
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on students’ views of a career in general practice: a focus group study
Authors: Hook Zoe , Jackson Ben , Alberti Hugh , Capper Claire , Hay Fiona , Hire Carly , Randles Hannah , Zachary Juliet , Protheroe Joanne 
Published: July 2024

Background
General practice is an essential part of healthcare systems in the UK and internationally but continues to struggle with recruitment. Despite this, few studies have explored factors that influence medical students’ career choices around primary care.

Aim
We aimed to revisit factors that had previously been proposed following new ways of working adopted since the COVID-19 pandemic, including the impact of these changes on learning experiences in primary care.

Design & setting
A qualitative study using focus groups across three English medical schools.

Method
Eight focus groups were held involving 33 final and penultimate year medical students. Qualitative data were analysed using a framework approach. Transcripts were coded independently by two researchers from a different institution before themes were identified.

Results
Six themes were identified: students’ prior career aspirations, their experience of the medical school curriculum, conceptualisation of general practice, future career predictions, views on the school’s curriculum philosophy, and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The curriculum philosophy of each school appeared to be important in this journey and changes since the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on all themes.

Conclusion
Our study has confirmed previous findings that clinical experiences, the perceived narrative of the school, work–life balance, and working environment remain important to students in making career plans. However, in addition, we have found the changing landscape in general practice since the COVID-19 pandemic, including remote consulting, workload, continuity of care, and team-working, are additional factors that concern students.
Access to Expensive Therapies and Diagnostics for Kidney Care in Switzerland
Authors: Luyckx Valerie A. , de Zwart Paul , Spartà Giuseppina , Mueller Thomas F. 
Published: July 2024

Key Points

Inconsistent responses to the prior approval process for similar patients may lead to inequities in access to optimal care.The prior authorizations process leads to frustration among nephrologists and may contribute to moral distress.The prior authorizations process may lead to important delays in kidney care.

Background
In Switzerland, nephrologists must frequently obtain preauthorizations from health insurers for certain medications/tests for individual patients. These are time consuming, and outcomes are inconsistent. Clinical experience suggests inequities in access to expensive medications, related to need for and processes involved with medication preauthorization requests.

Methods
An anonymous survey was conducted between November 2021 and March 2022 regarding experiences in applying for preauthorizations for medications and genetic testing required for kidney care among nephrologists in Switzerland.

Results
Ninety-four responses were received. The most common medications reported to require preapprovals were rituximab, sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), mycophenolate mofetil, and eculizumab. Rebuttals were reported to be most frequently required for rituximab, eculizumab, and SGLT2is, also the most frequently denied medications. Most frequent genetic testing requests were for complement and Alport spectrum disorders. Requests for genetic testing were reported to be most frequently denied for cystic renal diseases, congenital syndromes, and nephrotic syndromes. Most nephrologists found requests for further information from the health insurers seldom reasonable, 72% reported it was rarely/never possible to engage with the insurance physicians, 69% were concerned insurance physicians did not have relevant expertise. Respondents reported receiving different responses from different insurers for similar requests more frequently than from the same insurer (58% versus 8%). One in three nephrologists reported that the preauthorizations process frequently resulted in a clinically relevant delay in treatment. Four of five respondents reported that the preauthorization process frequently made them feel that they could not do their best for the patient.

Conclusions
From the perspective of nephrologists, the preauthorizations process in Switzerland is cumbersome, is not transparent and inequitable, may result in denial or delays of important treatment for patients, and contributes to moral distress.
The role of cultural value in the development and promotion products
Authors: Сокотова Е.М. 
Published: July 2024

В современном мире с развитием Интернета все больше стираются границы между странами и регионами, происходят значительные изменения в поведении потребителей, при этом культура является решающим фактором при принятии решений о покупке продукции. Культурные различия часто становятся преградой для расширения рынков сбыта продукции компаний. Актуальность данной темы обусловлена тем, что несмотря на увеличивающееся число международных конфликтов, экономика продолжает идти по пути глобализации. Экономики разных стран тесно и регулярно взаимодействуют между собой, постепенно исчезают культурные границы в рамках потребления некоторых товаров. Поэтому для эффективного продвижения товаров и услуг на местном и международных рынках необходимо четко понимать, какими культурными ценностями обладает то или иное общество и как в текущий момент оно развивается.
In the modern world, with the development of the Internet, borders between countries and regions are increasingly erased, significant changes in consumer behavior are taking place, while culture is a decisive factor in making decisions about purchasing products. Cultural differences often become an obstacle to the expansion of sales markets for companies' products. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that despite the increasing number of international conflicts, the economy continues to follow the path of globalization. The economies of different countries interact closely and regularly with each other, cultural boundaries gradually disappear within the framework of the consumption of certain goods. Therefore, in order to effectively promote goods and services on local and international markets, it is necessary to clearly understand what cultural values a particular society has and how it is currently developing.
Methodology for establishing and economic justification of rental rates for land plots owned by the Republic of Sakha
Authors: Ефремова И.И. 
Published: July 2024

В статье приводится экономическое обоснование ставок арендной платы за земельные участки, находящиеся в собственности Республики Саха (Якутия). Из трех вариантов ставок арендной платы за земельные участки выбирается один, который, по мнению автора, считается наиболее приемлемым и экономически обоснованным.
The article provides an economic rationale for the rental rates for land plots owned by the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Of the three options for rental rates for land plots, one is selected, which, in the author's opinion, is considered the most acceptable and economically justified.
Marketing in small and medium-sized businesses
Authors: Газалиева Н.И. 
Published: July 2024

В статье рассматриваются значение использования маркетинга в малом и среднем бизнесе как успешного сектора экономики в условиях жесткой конкуренции на рынке. В данной работе проводится исследование направлений маркетинговой деятельности и современных инструментов рыночного продвижения на предприятиях малого и среднего бизнеса. Также рассматриваются условия эффективного функционирования маркетинга в малом бизнесе и отмечается важность стратегического маркетинга. Определены проблемы, усложняющие деятельность малых и средних предприятий и выявлены направления реализации стратегических задач маркетинга, как части хозяйственной системы, с помощью которой получат развитие экономика и общество.
The article discusses the importance of using marketing in small and medium-sized businesses as a successful sector of the economy in the face of fierce competition in the market. In this paper, the research of marketing activities and modern tools of market promotion at small and medium-sized businesses is carried out. The conditions of effective functioning of marketing in small business are also considered and the importance of strategic marketing is noted. The problems complicating the activities of small and medium-sized enterprises are identified and the directions for the implementation of strategic marketing objectives as part of the economic system through which the economy and society will develop are identified.
Development of agriculture in Russia: state and prospects
Authors: Ибрагимов А.Г. , Платоновский Н.Г. , Шулдяков А.В. , Романюк М.А. , Сухарникова М.А. 
Published: July 2024

Статья посвящена вопросу развития сельского хозяйства и регулирования рынка сельскохозяйственной продукции в Российской Федерации. Замечены роль сельского хозяйства в экономике Российской Федерации и отсталость некоторых субъектов страны по развитию отрасли. Для улучшения ситуации Правительством страны в 14 июля 2012 года разработана и запущена Государственная программа развития сельского хозяйства и регулирования рынков сельскохозяйственной продукции, сырья и продовольствия (Госпрограмма АПК) на период 2013-2025 годы. Бюджет финансирования Госпрограмма АПК составляет 5,7 трлн. рублей. По данным Росстата реализация программа дает положительные результаты, в 2021 году достигнуты или превышены плановые значения уровня самообеспечения, предусмотренные проектом по зерну, сахару, растительному маслу, фруктам, ягодам, мясу и мясопродуктам. А по картофелю, овощам и бахчевым культурам, молоку и молокопродуктам уровень самообеспечения оказались ниже, чем плановые значения ведомственного проекта.
The article is devoted to the development of agriculture and regulation of the market of agricultural products in the Russian Federation. The role of agriculture in the economy of the Russian Federation and the backwardness of some subjects of the country in the development of the industry are noted. To improve the situation, on July 14, 2012, the Government of the country developed and launched the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the Regulation of Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food Markets (State AgroIndustrial Program) for the period 2013-2025. The budget for financing the state program of the agro-industrial complex is 5.7 trillion. rubles. According to Rosstat, the implementation of the program is yielding positive results; in 2021, the planned self-sufficiency levels provided for by the project for grain, sugar, vegetable oil, fruits, berries, meat and meat products were achieved or exceeded. And for potatoes, vegetables and melons, milk and dairy products, the level of self-sufficiency turned out to be lower than the planned values of the departmental project.
Diagnostics of the sectoral structure of regions in the information and analytical support of strategic management of territories (on the example 47 of the Southern Federal District)
Authors: Сизенева Л.А. , Шохнех А.В. , Скитер Н.Н. 
Published: July 2024

В статье исследуются подходы к осуществлению диагностики, которые позволят более точно выбрать направления анализа и оценки отраслевой структуры регионов в информационно-аналитическом обеспечении стратегического управления территориями; исследуются основные виды деятельности и доля их вклада в ВВП, ЮФО и ВРП; проведена диагностика отраслевой структуры показателя валовой добавленной стоимости для региональной стратегии субъектов России по фактическим данным за период 2016-2020 гг. и прогнозным данным за 2021 г. (в текущих ценах, в процентах к итогу) (структура ППД_ВДС).
The article examines approaches to the implementation of diagnostics that will allow more accurately choosing the directions of analysis and evaluation of the sectoral structure of regions in the information and analytical support of strategic management of territories; examines the main types of activities and the share of their contribution to GDP, SFD and GRP; diagnostics of the sectoral structure of the gross value added index for the regional strategy of the subjects of Russia on actual data for the period 2016-2020 and forecast data for 2021 (in current prices, as a percentage of the total) (PPD_VDS structure).
Teaching methodology and basics of teaching schoolchildren to design and model products in a digital economy
Authors: Рвачева А.С. , Иванова А.В. , Бадмаева А.О. , Сангаджиев Б.В. , Пюрбеев С.В. , Никулин О.А. , Аннадурдыев А.Ч. 
Published: July 2024

Техническое моделирование является существенным звеном в обучении школьников, его основная задача сводится не только к решению общей задачи трудового воспитания и обучения, но и призвана расширять технический кругозор обучающихся, формировать конструкторские умения и знания, вызывать интерес и привлекать внимание к технике. На уроке Технологии формируются личностные и метапредметные универсальные учебные действия, выражаются они в качестве учебно-познавательного интереса к процессу обработки древесины, как к виду изобразительного искусства; также могут выражаться как интерес и уважительное отношение к культуре различных народов мира; в роли воспитания в обучающихся интереса к самостоятельной творческой деятельности, развитию навыка сотрудничества при выполнении декоративно-творческой деятельности; раскрытие творческого потенциала школьника, активизация его воображения и фантазии. К коммуникативным универсальным учебным действиям относятся: умение построить монологическое высказывание, умение сформулировать собственное мнение, отвечать на вопросы, принимать участие в обсуждении.
Technical modeling is an essential link in the education of schoolchildren, its main task is not only to solve the general problem of labor education and training, but is also designed to expand the technical horizons of students, form design skills and knowledge, arouse interest and draw attention to technology. At the Technology lesson, personal and meta-subject universal educational activities are formed, they are expressed as an educational and cognitive interest in the process of wood processing, as a kind of fine art; can also be expressed as interest and respect for the culture of various peoples of the world; in the role of education in students of interest in independent creative activity, development of the skill of cooperation in the performance of decorative and creative activities; revealing the creative potential of the student, activating his imagination and fantasies. Communicative universal learning activities include: the ability to build a monologue statement, the ability to formulate one's own opinion, answer questions, take part in the discussion.
Use of Big Data technologies in the banking sector
Authors: Поникарова А.С. , Кадеева Е.Н. 
Published: July 2024

В статье рассмотрен сравнительный анализ рекламной деятельности банков, находящихся на территории Республики Татарстан. Выявлены особенности влияния пандемии COVID - 19 на развитие и платежеспособность банков. Проведен корреляционный анализ с использованием коэффициента Питерсона для выявления эффективности стратегического развития организаций банковской сферы. В корреляционной матрице выявлены 3 группы показателей, влияющих на развитие рекламной деятельности банков.
Taking into account the fact that business processes are a necessary functional element of the organizational structure of commercial banks, two blocks of bank business processes are considered: main and auxiliary. Modern areas of using Big Data technology in banking business processes are presented in particular detail, such as: customer credit assessment, fraud detection and prevention, customer segmentation, liquidity risk management, marketing and interaction with customers, increasing the efficiency of customer activation, compliance with regulatory requirements and optimization of reporting management and other business processes.
Chinese miracle or how the lack of corporate governance may lead to $50 billion losses
Authors: Маненков А. , Борщигова Д. , Смирнов В. 
Published: July 2024

Цель статьи исследовать деятельность хедж-фондов США после глобального финансового кризиса 2008 года. Краткая история, цели и специфика деятельности фондов на мировых финансовых рынках обсуждаются в первой части статьи. Во второй части подробно излагаются результаты деятельности хедж-фондов, за которыми следуют выявленные предпосылки для дальнейшего финансового скандала. В третьей части рассматривается концепция ‘обратных слияний’, а также примеры ее использования китайскими компаниями, которые привели к значительным финансовым потерям. В заключение даются рекомендации по прозрачному аудиту, внимательному отношению к отчетности, которые могут быть использованы внешними и внутренними заинтересованными сторонами для предотвращения мошеннических действий.
The article objective is to investigate the US hedge funds activity after the global financial crisis of 2008. A historical brief, objectives and the specifics of funds activities in the global financial markets are discussed in the first part of the article. In the second part, the results of hedge funds performance are elaborated, followed by identified prerequisites for the further financial scandal. At the third part, the concept of ‘reversemergers’ is covered, alongside with its use-cases by Chinese companies, which led to significant financial losses. In conclusion the recommendations for transparent audit, attentive attitude to reporting are given, which may be used by external and internal stakeholders to prevent fraudulent activities.