bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Mono‐, Di‐, and Tri‐3,4‐dimethoxycinnamoyl‐1,5‐γ‐quinides
Authors: Sinisi Valentina , Boronová Katarína , Colomban Silvia , Navarini Luciano , Berti Federico , Forzato Cristina 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTri‐3,4‐dimethoxycinnamoyl‐1,5‐γ‐quinide was synthesized and fully characterized by a direct synthesis from quinic acid and a large excess of 3,4‐dimethoxycinnamoyl chloride. Mono‐ and di‐3,4‐dimethoxycinnamoyl‐1,5‐γ‐quinides were also obtained from the direct coupling of 1,5‐γ‐quinide and 3,4‐dimethoxycinnamoyl chloride in different molar ratios. Moreover, a hypothetical mechanism of the direct lactonization is proposed.
Tasks and challenges of geochemical monitoring
Authors: May Franz , Waldmann Svenja 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA variety of monitoring tools are available for the various purposes of supervision and verification of underground geological CO2 storage. Geophysical tools can provide an indirect indication of the migration of substances in the subsurface or leakage through overburden. Geochemical techniques have to be applied though for verification of the nature of substances involved. Chemical species may be indicators for storage processes. Some can be harmful to the environment outside of the storage complex and thus appropriate monitoring of affected or endangered environments may be required. Natural CO2 reservoirs, CO2‐rich groundwater, and saline springs can be used to study fluid transport processes that could be similar to the migration and leakage associated with underground CO2 storage. Natural sites have been used for testing monitoring tools and learning about natural background variations. Experience gained from natural analogs and from pilot CO2 storage monitoring reveals the potential and limitations of chemical monitoring methods. Based on these experiences, the use of baseline functions and different thresholds are recommended in order to optimize detection and quantification of geochemical deviations from variable backgrounds. Chemical monitoring tools have to be incorporated into comprehensive concepts for CO2 storage monitoring. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repetitive noxious neonatal stimuli increases dentate gyrus cell proliferation and hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor levels
Authors: Malheiros J.M. , Lima M. , Avanzi R.D.T. , Gomes da Silva S. , Suchecki D. , Guinsburg R , Covolan L. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTNeonatal noxious stimulation has been proposed to model pain triggered by diagnostic/therapeutic invasive procedures in premature infants. Previous studies have shown that hippocampal neurogenesis rate and the behavioral repertoire of adult rats may be altered by neonatal noxious stimuli. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether noxious stimulation during neonatal period alters the nociceptive response and dentate gyrus neurogenesis when compared to rats subjected to a single noxious stimulus in late infancy. Plasma corticosterone and hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were measured. Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus was evaluated in adolescent rats (postnatal day 40; P40) exposed twice to intra‐plantar injections of Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) on P1 and P21 (group P1P21) or P8 and P21 (P8P21) or exposed once on P21 (pubertal). On P21, one subset of animals received 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) and was euthanized on P40 for identification of proliferating cells in the dentate gyrus. Another subset was sampled for thermal response or plasma corticosterone measurement and hippocampal BDNF levels. Proliferative cell rate in dentate gyrus was the highest in all re‐exposed groups (P < 0.001), except for P8 females (P8P21F), revealing also a sex difference, where P8P21 males showed higher rate than females (P < 0.001). Stimulated groups took longer than CTL animals to lick the paws (P < 0.001), regardless of the age when the noxious stimulus was applied. Re‐exposed groups had lower corticosterone plasma level (P1P21 M and F, P8P21M) than controls. On the contrary, hippocampal BDNF was increased in males from both re‐exposed groups. These results show that infant noxious stimulation in neonatally previously stimulated rats is related to high proliferation in the DG and this association seems to be modified by the animal's sex. The new generated dentate granule cells in the hippocampus may have a role in the long‐term behavioral responses to neonatal nociceptive stimulation. Noxious stimulation in the neonatal period results in sex‐dependent neurogenic response. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of differentially expressed proteins related to organophosphorus‐induced delayed neuropathy in the brains of hens
Authors: Jiang Ying , Liu Xiaohui , Li Shuangyue , Zhang Yanning , Piao Fengyuan , Sun Xiance 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTSome organophosphorus compounds can cause organophosphate‐induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN). Incidents have been documented for decades, however, little is known about which proteins contribute to the initiation, progression and development of OPIDN. In this study, 51 hens were divided into three groups. The tri‐ortho‐cresyl‐phosphate (TOCP) group was treated with 1000 mg kg–1 TOCP whereas the control group was treated with an equivalent volume of vehicle. The PMSF + TOCP group was treated subcutaneously with 40 mg kg–1 phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), followed by 1000 mg kg–1 TOCP 24 h later. Proteins in the brains of hens were separated by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on day 5 after TOCP administration. Mass spectrometry identified eight differentially expressed proteins. Among these proteins, downregulated expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) in the brains of hens after TOCP treatment was further confirmed by real time RT‐PCR and ELISA. Moreover, the brains of hens exposed to TOCP exhibited increased levels of glutamate (Glu) and cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), and a decreased level of glutamine (Gln). However, there were no significant differences in GS expression or levels of Glu, Gln, and [Ca2+]i in the brains of hens among the groups on day 21 after TOCP administration. These results indicate that TOCP exposure downregulates GS expression in the brains of hens, and that downregulation of GS is accompanied by increased levels of Glu and [Ca2+]i in the early stage after TOCP administration. It is also suggested that the downregulated expression of GS might be associated with OPIDN through the disruption of homeostasis of the Glu–Gln cycle and [Ca2+]i. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of endocytic uptake in transfection efficiency of solid lipid nanoparticles‐based nonviral vectors
Authors: Ruiz de Garibay Aritz Perez , Solinís Aspiazu María Ángeles , Rodríguez Gascón Alicia , Ganjian Haleh , Fuchs Renate 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundAs has been shown for different vector systems, the entry pathway(s) impacts upon the transfection efficiency. The present study aimed to explore the cellular uptake mechanisms of three different vectors based on solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) in HeLa cells. The use of endocytosis inhibitors that affect specific internalization pathways provides a tool for the study of these routes.MethodsWe prepared three vectors based on solid lipid nanoparticles: without protamine, with protamine, and with protamine and dextran. Uptake, percentage of transfected HeLa cells and enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) production were all analyzed in the presence or absence of different endocytosis inhibitors. In addition, co‐localization studies using lysosomal markers were carried out to determine the influence of the trafficking to late endosomal compartments on the transfection capacity of the vectors.ResultsUptake and transfection of each vector was affected differently by each endocytosis inhibitor. Ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA) did not affect uptake of the DNA‐SLN vector, whereas all of the inhibitors affected transfection. In the case of protamine‐DNA‐SLN and dextran‐protamine‐DNA‐SLN vectors, EIPA affected uptake and dynasore did not decrease transfection.ConclusionsDNA‐SLN vector appear to enter productively by multiple pathways in HeLa cells. By contrast, dynamin does not appear to be essential in the productive entry of protamine‐containing vectors. In addition, enhancement of the macropinocytic route increases EGFP production when dextran is added to the vector. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of normal regional myocardial function by MRI cardiac tagging
Authors: Del‐Canto Irene , López‐Lereu María P. , Monmeneu José V. , Croisille Pierre , Clarysse Patrick , Chorro Francisco J. , Bodí Vicente , Moratal David 
Published: December 2013

PurposeThe aim of this study was to establish reference values for segmental myocardial strain measured by magnetic resonance (MR) cardiac tagging in order to characterize the regional function of the heart.Material and MethodsWe characterized the left ventricular (LV) systolic deformation in 39 subjects (26 women and 13 men, age 58.8 ± 11.6 years) whose cardiological study had not revealed any significant abnormality. The deformation was measured from MR‐tagged (Siemens 1.5T MR) images using an algorithm based on sine wave modeling. Circumferential and radial peak systolic strain values along with the torsion angle and circumferential‐longitudinal (CL) shear were determined in 16 LV segments in order to settle the reference values for these parameters.ResultsCircumferential strain was highest at the anterior and lateral walls (−20.2 ± 4.0% and −21.8 ± 4.3%, respectively; P < 0.05) and was lowest at the base level (−17.2 ± 3.1% vs. −20.1 ± 3.1% “mid level,” P < 0.05; −17.2 ± 3.1% vs. −20.3 ± 3.0% “apical level,” P < 0.05). Radial strain highest values were from inferior and lateral walls (13.7 ± 7.4% and 12.8 ± 7.8%, respectively; P < 0.05) and it was lowest medially (9.4 ± 4.1% vs. 13.1 ± 4.1% “base level,” P < 0.05; 9.4 ± 4.1% vs. 12.1 ± 4.4% “apical level,” P < 0.05). Torsion angle (counterclockwise when viewed from the apex) increased with the distance from the base (7.9 ± 2.4° vs. 16.8 ± 4.4°, P < 0.05), and the highest and lowest values were found at lateral (medial lateral: 12.0 ± 4.4°, apical lateral: 25.1 ± 6.4°, P < 0.05) and septal wall (medial septal: 3.6 ± 2.1°, apical septal: 8.3 ± 5.3°, P < 0.05), respectively. These differences were found again in CL shear values, around the LV circumference. However, CL shear remained constant with increasing distance from the base (9.1 ± 2.6°, medium and 9.8 ± 2.4°, apex).ConclusionIn summary, this study provides reference values for the assessment of regional myocardial function by MR cardiac tagging. Comparison of patient deformation parameters with normal deformation patterns may permit early detection of regional systolic dysfunction. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;41:83–92. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mind, Machine, and Creativity: An Artist's Perspective
Authors: Sundararajan Louise 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHarold Cohen is a renowned painter who has developed a computer program, AARON, to create art. While AARON has been hailed as one of the most creative AI programs, Cohen consistently rejects the claims of machine creativity. Questioning the possibility for AI to model human creativity, Cohen suggests in so many words that the human mind takes a different route to creativity, a route that privileges the relational, rather than the computational, dimension of cognition. This unique perspective on the tangled web of mind, machine, and creativity is explored by an application of three relational models of the mind to an analysis of Cohen's talks and writings, which are available on his website: www.aaronshome.com.
Perioperative ketorolac increases post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage in adults but not children
Authors: Chan Dylan K. , Parikh Sanjay R. 
Published: December 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the risk of post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage associated with perioperative ketorolac use.Study DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis of primary articles reporting individual‐level post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage rates in subjects receiving perioperative ketorolac and matched controls. Retrospective and prospective studies were both included.MethodsPubMed search was performed for “[ketorolac OR toradol] AND tonsillectomy.” Articles fulfilling inclusion criteria were subjected to meta‐analysis to determine summary relative risk (RR).ResultsAdults are at five times increased risk for post‐tonsillectomy hemorrhage with ketorolac use (RR: 5.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.08–15.27; P < .001). In contrast, children under 18 are not at statistically significantly increased risk (RR: 1.39; 95% CI: 0.84–2.30; P = .20). Both retrospective and prospective studies yield consistent findings. There is no association of RR with pre‐ or postoperative administration of ketorolac.ConclusionsKetorolac can be used safely in children, but is associated with a five‐fold increased bleeding risk in adults.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 124:1789–1793, 2014
Nemaline myopathy caused by TNNT1 mutations in a Dutch pedigree
Authors: van der Pol W. Ludo , Leijenaar Jolien F. , Spliet Wim G. M. , Lavrijsen Selma W. , Jansen Nicolaas J. G. , Braun Kees P. J. , Mulder Marcel , Timmers‐Raaijmakers Brigitte , Ratsma Kimberly , Dooijes Dennis , van Haelst Mieke M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNemaline myopathy (NM) is genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by early onset muscular weakness and sarcoplasmatic or intranuclear inclusions of rod‐shaped Z‐disk material in muscle fibers. Thus far, mutations in seven genes have been identified as cause of NM. Only one single TNNT1 nonsense mutation has been previously described that causes autosomal recessive NM in the old order Amish with a very specific clinical phenotype including rapidly progressive contractures. Here, we report a patient who is compound heterozygous for a c.309+1G>A mutation and an exon 14 deletion in the TNNT1 gene. This report confirms the specific clinical phenotype of TNNT1 NM and documents two new TNNT1 mutations outside the old order Amish.
Association study in three different populations between the GPR88 gene and major psychoses
Authors: Del Zompo Maria , Deleuze Jean‐François , Chillotti Caterina , Cousin Emmanuelle , Niehaus Dana , Ebstein Richard P. , Ardau Raffaella , Macé Sandrine , Warnich Louise , Mujahed Mustafa , Severino Giovanni , Dib Colette , Jordaan Esme , Murad Ibrahim , Soubigou Stéphane , Koen Liezl , Bannoura Issam , Rocher Corinne , Laurent Claudine , Derock Murielle , Faucon Biguet Nicole , Mallet Jacques , Meloni Rolando 
Published: December 2013

AbstractGPR88, coding for a G protein‐coupled orphan receptor that is highly represented in the striatum, is a strong functional candidate gene for neuropsychiatric disorders and is located at 1p22‐p21, a chromosomal region that we have previously linked to bipolar disorder (BD) in the Sardinian population. In order to ascertain the relevance of GPR88 as a risk factor for psychiatric diseases, we performed a genetic association analysis between GPR88 and BD in a sample of triads (patient and both parents) recruited in the Sardinian and the Palestinian population as well as between GPR88 and schizophrenia (SZ) in triads from the Xhosa population in South Africa. We found a positive association between GPR88 and BD in the Sardinian and Palestinian triads. Moreover, we found a positive association between GPR88 and SZ in triads from the Xhosa population in South Africa. When these results were corrected for multiple testing, the association between GPR88 and BD was maintained in the Palestinian population. Thus, these results suggest that GPR88 deserves consideration as a candidate gene for psychiatric diseases and requires to be further investigated in other populations.
Whole‐brain three‐dimensional T2‐weighted BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla
Authors: Hua Jun , Qin Qin , van Zijl Peter C.M. , Pekar James J. , Jones Craig K. 
Published: December 2013

PurposeA new acquisition scheme for T2‐weighted spin‐echo BOLD fMRI is introduced.MethodsIt uses a T2‐preparation module to induce blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast, followed by a single‐shot three‐dimensional (3D) fast gradient‐echo readout with short echo time (TE). It differs from most spin‐echo BOLD sequences in that BOLD contrast is generated before the readout, which eliminates the “dead time” due to long TE required for T2 contrast, and substantially improves acquisition efficiency. This approach, termed “3D T2prep‐GRE,” was implemented at 7 Tesla (T) with a typical spatial (2.5 × 2.5 × 2.5 mm3) and temporal (TR = 2.3 s) resolution for functional MRI (fMRI) and whole‐brain coverage (55 slices), and compared with the widely used 2D spin‐echo EPI sequence.ResultsIn fMRI experiments of simultaneous visual/motor activities, 3D T2prep‐GRE showed minimal distortion and little signal dropout across the whole brain. Its lower power deposition allowed greater spatial coverage (55 versus 17 slices with identical TR, resolution and power level), temporal SNR (60% higher) and CNR (35% higher) efficiency than 2D spin‐echo EPI. It also showed smaller T2* contamination.ConclusionThis approach is expected to be useful for ultra‐high field fMRI, especially for regions near air cavities. The concept of using T2‐preparation to generate BOLD contrast can be combined with many other sequences at any field strength. Magn Reson Med 72:1530–1540, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
First‐trimester uterine artery Doppler and adverse pregnancy outcome: a meta‐analysis involving 55 974 women
Authors: Velauthar L. , Plana M. N. , Kalidindi M. , Zamora J. , Thilaganathan B. , Illanes S. E. , Khan K. S. , Aquilina J. , Thangaratinam S. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo determine the accuracy with which uterine artery Doppler in the first trimester of pregnancy predicts pre‐eclampsia and fetal growth restriction, particularly early‐onset disease.MethodsWe searched MEDLINE (1951–2012), EMBASE (1980–2012) and the Cochrane Library (2012) for relevant citations without language restrictions. Two reviewers independently selected studies that evaluated the accuracy of first‐trimester uterine artery Doppler to predict adverse pregnancy outcome and performed data extraction to construct 2 × 2 tables. We synthesized sensitivity and specificity for various Doppler indices using a bivariate random‐effects model.ResultsFrom 1866 citations, we identified 18 studies (55 974 women). The sensitivity and specificity of abnormal uterine artery flow velocity waveform (FVW) in the prediction of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia were 47.8% (95% CI: 39.0–56.8) and 92.1% (95% CI: 88.6–94.6), and in the prediction of early‐onset fetal growth restriction were 39.2% (95% CI: 26.3–53.8) and 93.1% (95% CI: 90.6–95.0), respectively. The sensitivities for predicting any pre‐eclampsia and fetal growth restriction were 26.4% (95% CI: 22.5–30.8) and 15.4% (95% CI: 12.4–18.9), respectively, and the specificities were 93.4% (95% CI: 90.4–95.5%) and 93.3% (95% CI: 90.9–95.1), respectively. The number needed to treat (NNT) with aspirin to prevent one case of early‐onset pre‐eclampsia fell from 1000 to 173 and from 2500 to 421 for background risks varying between 1% and 0.4%, respectively.ConclusionsFirst‐trimester uterine artery Doppler is a useful tool for predicting early‐onset pre‐eclampsia, as well as other adverse pregnancy outcomes. Based on the NNT, abnormal uterine artery Doppler in low‐risk women achieves a sufficiently high performance to justify aspirin prophylaxis in those who test positive. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Outreach and integration programs to promote family planning in the extended postpartum period
Authors: Sonalkar Sarita , Mody Sheila , Gaffield Mary E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractBackgroundWHO recommends birth spacing to improve the health of the mother and child. One strategy to facilitate birth spacing is to improve the use of family planning during the first year postpartum.ObjectivesTo determine from the literature the effectiveness of postpartum family‐planning programs and to identify research gaps.Search strategyPubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched for articles published between database inception and March 2013. Abstracts of conference presentations, dissertations, and unpublished studies were also considered.Selection criteriaPublished studies with birth spacing or contraceptive use outcomes were included.Data collection and analysisStandard abstract forms and the US Preventive Services Task Force grading system were used to summarize and assess the quality of the evidence.Main resultsThirty‐four studies were included. Prenatal care, home visitation programs, and educational interventions were associated with improved family‐planning outcomes, but should be further studied in low‐resource settings. Mother–infant care integration, multidisciplinary interventions, and cash transfer/microfinance interventions need further investigation.ConclusionsProgrammatic interventions may improve birth spacing and contraceptive uptake. Larger well‐designed studies in international settings are needed to determine the most effective ways to deliver family‐planning interventions.
Microbial community dynamics and effect of environmental microbial reservoirs on red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus)
Authors: Loudon Andrew H , Woodhams Douglas C , Parfrey Laura Wegener , Archer Holly , Knight Rob , McKenzie Valerie , Harris Reid N 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Beneficial cutaneous bacteria on amphibians can protect against the lethal disease chytridiomycosis, which has devastated many amphibian species and is caused by the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. We describe the diversity of bacteria on red-backed salamanders (Plethodon cinereus) in the wild and the stability of these communities through time in captivity using culture-independent Illumina 16S rRNA gene sequencing. After field sampling, salamanders were housed with soil from the field or sterile media. The captive conditions led to different trajectories of bacterial communities. Eight OTUs present on &gt;90% of salamanders in the field, through time, and in both treatments were defined as the core community, suggesting that some bacteria are closely associated with the host and are independent of an environmental reservoir. One of these taxa, a Pseudomonas sp., was previously cultured from amphibians and found to be antifungal. As all host-associated bacteria were found in the soil reservoir, environmental microbes strongly influence host–microbial diversity and likely regulate the core community. Using PICRUSt, an exploratory bioinformatics tool to predict gene functions, we found that core skin bacteria provided similar gene functions to the entire community. We suggest that future experiments focus on testing whether core bacteria on salamander skin contribute to the observed resistance to chytridiomycosis in this species even under hygenic captive conditions. For disease-susceptible hosts, providing an environmental reservoir with defensive bacteria in captive-rearing programs may improve outcomes by increasing bacterial diversity on threatened amphibians or increasing the likelihood that defensive bacteria are available for colonization.