bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural Breaks and Convergence in the Regions of Peru: 1970–2010
Authors: Delgado Augusto , Rodríguez Gabriel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe aim of this paper is the analysis of stochastic and β‐convergence in the relative regional per capita outputs using different unit root tests both with and without structural breaks and using a further test that is robust to the presence of I(0) or I(1) errors. It allows robust inference on the estimates of the initial per capita output (intercepts) and the respective growth rates (slopes). The results of the application of unit root tests without structural breaks show the absence of stochastic convergence. However, by incorporating the presence of endogenous breaks, the results are reversed for all regions. In the case of β‐convergence, the results of the robust test WRQF show that all regions have a structural break at some point during the period 1970–2010. We find different behavior for different regions. There is a catching‐up process and a lagging‐behind process for different groups of regions towards more negative or more positive paths.
Fire‐sale FDI? The Impact of Financial Crises on Foreign Direct Investment
Authors: Stoddard Olga , Noy Ilan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe analyze the evolution of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to developing and emerging countries around financial crises. We empirically examine the Fire‐Sale FDI hypothesis and describe the pattern of FDI inflows surrounding financial crises. We also add a more granular detail about the types of financial crises and their potentially differential effects on FDI. We distinguish between mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and greenfield investment, as well as between horizontal (tariff jumping) and vertical (integrating production stages) FDI. We find that financial crises have a strong negative effect on inward FDI in our sample. Crises are also shown to reduce the value of horizontal and vertical FDI. We do not find empirical evidence of fire‐sale FDI; on the contrary, financial crises are shown to affect FDI flows and M&A activity negatively.
Political Economy of Altering Trade Restrictions in Response to Commodity Price Spikes
Authors: Thennakoon Jayanthi 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA model is developed to explain trade policy interventions in response to commodity price spikes. The model predicts that government preferences for averting losses for domestic interest groups lead to changes in trade distortions. In particular, trade interventions in response to downward price spikes are predicted, which is consistent with the proposal for a Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM) in the World Trade Organization (WTO). Higher tariffs are likely in a noncooperative setting, and higher export subsidies will emerge in response. An efficient cooperative trade policy can be achieved in a repeated game setting and with possible involvement of the WTO.
Reduced Number of CD8+ Cells in Tonsillar Germinal Centres in Children with the Periodic Fever, Aphthous Stomatitis, Pharyngitis and Cervical Adenitis Syndrome
Authors: Førsvoll J. , Janssen E. A. M. , Møller I. , Wathne N. , Skaland I. , Klos J. , Kristoffersen E. K. , Øymar K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe syndrome of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis and cervical adenitis (PFAPA) is an autoinflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. Tonsillectomy may cause a prompt resolution of the syndrome. The aim was to study the histologic and immunological aspects of the palatine tonsils in PFAPA, to help understand the pathophysiology of the syndrome. Tonsils from children with PFAPA (n = 11) and children with tonsillar hypertrophy (n = 16) were evaluated histologically after haematoxylin and eosin staining. The number of different cell types was identified immunohistochemically by cluster of differentiation (CD) markers: CD3 (T cells), CD4 (T helper cells), CD8 (cytotoxic T cells), CD15 (neutrophils), CD20 (B cells), CD45 (all leucocytes), CD57 (NK cells) and CD163 (monocytes and macrophages). Tonsils from children with PFAPA showed reactive lymphoid hyperplasia dominated by well‐developed germinal centres with many tingible body macrophages. The histologic findings were unspecific, and a similar morphologic appearance was also found in the tonsils from controls. The number of CD8+ cells in germinal centres differed between children with PFAPA [median 9 cells (quartiles: 5, 15)] and controls [18 cells (12, 33) (P = 0.001)] and between children with PFAPA with (median 14 cells; 9, 16) and without (4 cells; 3, 8) aphthous stomatitis (P = 0.015). For the other cell types, no differences in germinal centres were found between children with PFAPA and controls. In conclusion, a lower number of CD8+ cells were found in germinal centres of tonsils in children with PFAPA compared to controls, which may be a feature linked to the aetiology of the syndrome.
Coleman integration for even-degree models of hyperelliptic curves
Authors: Balakrishnan Jennifer S. 
Published: April 2015

The Coleman integral is a $p$-adic line integral that encapsulates various quantities of number theoretic interest. Building on the work of Harrison [J. Symbolic Comput. 47 (2012) no. 1, 89–101], we extend the Coleman integration algorithms in Balakrishnan et al. [Algorithmic number theory, Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6197 (Springer, 2010) 16–31] and Balakrishnan [ANTS-X: Proceedings of the Tenth Algorithmic Number Theory Symposium, Open Book Series 1 (Mathematical Sciences Publishers, 2013) 41–61] to even-degree models of hyperelliptic curves. We illustrate our methods with numerical examples computed in Sage.
Partial agonistic effects of pilocarpine on Ca2+ responses and salivary secretion in the submandibular glands of live animals
Authors: Nezu Akihiro , Morita Takao , Tojyo Yosuke , Nagai Takeharu , Tanimura Akihiko 
Published: April 2015

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?
Pilocarpine stimulates salivary secretion via muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs), although the Ca2+‐mobilizing effect of pilocarpine in salivary gland cells is extremely small. Therefore, we examined the effect of pilocarpine on Ca2+ responses in submandibular gland cells and on secretion in vitro and in vivo.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Pilocarpine induces small Ca2+ responses and reduces the effects of other mAChR agonists on Ca2+ responses via its partial agonistic effects. These effects of pilocarpine on Ca2+ responses in the submandibular gland were further established in vivo with a novel Ca2+ imaging system and a genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator.

Pilocarpine stimulates salivary secretion via muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs), although the effect of pilocarpine on Ca2+ responses in dispersed salivary gland cells is extremely small. Here, we demonstrate the effect of pilocarpine on Ca2+ responses and salivary secretion in the rat submandibular gland (SMG). In fura‐2‐loaded SMG cells, the maximal effect of pilocarpine on [Ca2+]i elevation was 16% of that of carbachol, and pilocarpine attenuated carbachol‐ and bethanechol (Bet)‐induced [Ca2+]i increases, indicating that pilocarpine acts as a partial agonist for mAChR‐mediated Ca2+ responses. The partial agonistic effect of pilocarpine on Ca2+ dynamics in the SMG was also confirmed in live animals using the genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator, YC‐Nano50. Administration of pilocarpine (3 mg kg−1, i.p.) elicited a small increase in [Ca2+]i in the SMG. Quantitative analyses demonstrated that resting [Ca2+]i was ∼37 nm, which was increased by pilocarpine (3 mg kg−1) and Bet (10 mg kg−1) to 44 and 69 nm, respectively. The inhibitory effects of pilocarpine on Bet‐induced Ca2+ responses were also elucidated in vivo. We further examined real‐time changes in pilocarpine‐induced SMG salivary secretion and showed that pilocarpine induced an extremely weak secretory response and reduced Bet‐induced secretion. Unlike Ca2+ responses, pilocarpine failed to reduce the effect of Bet on SMG blood flow. Our results demonstrate that pilocarpine acts as a partial agonist of mAChRs to induce weak salivary secretion that is correlated with small increases in [Ca2+]i. Furthermore, pilocarpine exhibits an antagonistic effect on mAChR‐induced Ca2+ responses and salivary secretion.
Telemetry for Rotating Measurements on Turbomachinery
Authors: Adler Alan 
Published: April 2015

In the past decade, the use of shaft-mounted radio telemetry systems, for measurements on the rotating components of turbomachines, has grown to maturity. This applications-oriented paper covers the following topics:
What is telemetry?
• Advantages and limitations
• Choosing between telemetry and slip-rings
• Designing a telemetry installation
• Conducting the engine test
• Forthcoming developments in telemetry.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Five Burkholderia pseudomallei Isolates from Australian Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Viberg Linda T. , Price Erin P. , Kidd Timothy J. , Bell Scott C. , Currie Bart J. , Sarovich Derek S. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

We report here five improved high-quality draft genomes of
Burkholderia pseudomallei
isolated from Australian cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. This pathogen is rarely seen in CF patients. These genomes will be used to better understand chronic carriage of
B. pseudomallei
in the CF lung and the within-host evolution of longitudinal isolates from these patients.
Draft Genome Sequences of Lactobacillus plantarum Strain 90sk and Lactobacillus brevis Strain 15f: Focusing on Neurotransmitter Genes
Authors: Yunes Roman A. , Klimina Ksenia M. , Emelyanov Kirill V. , Zakharevich Natalia V. , Poluektova Elena U. , Danilenko Valery N. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

The genomes of
Lactobacillus plantarum
strain 90sk and
Lactobacillus brevis
strain 15f were isolated from human intestinal microbiota. Both strains synthesize gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter. Detailed genome analyses will help to understand the role of GABA in the interaction of bacteria with human intestinal cells.
Genome Sequence of Mushroom Soft-Rot Pathogen Janthinobacterium agaricidamnosum
Authors: Graupner Katharina , Lackner Gerald , Hertweck Christian 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Janthinobacterium agaricidamnosum
causes soft-rot disease of the cultured button mushroom
Agaricus bisporus
and is thus responsible for agricultural losses. Here, we present the genome sequence of
J. agaricidamnosum
DSM 9628. The 5.9-Mb genome harbors several secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene clusters, which renders this neglected bacterium a promising source for genome mining approaches.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lysinibacillus fusiformis Strain SW-B9, a Novel Strain for Biotransformation of Isoeugenol to Vanillin
Authors: Zhao Liqing , Bao Guanhui , Geng Beibei , Song Jiangning , Li Yin 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Lysinibacillus fusiformis
SW-B9 was the first reported strain in
L. fusiformis
showing effective biotransformation of isoeugenol to vanillin. Here, we report the annotated genome of strain SW-B9, which has special pathways for producing vanillin. The genome will provide a genetic basis for better understanding the physiology of this species.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Lachancea lanzarotensis
CBS 12615
T
,
an Ascomycetous Yeast Isolated from Grapes
Authors: Sarilar Véronique , Devillers Hugo , Freel Kelle C. , Schacherer Joseph , Neuvéglise Cécile 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

We report the genome sequencing of the yeast
Lachancea lanzarotensis
CBS 12615
T
. The assembly comprises 24 scaffolds, for a total size of 11.46 Mbp. The annotation revealed 5,058 putative protein-coding genes. Detection of seven centromeres supports a chromosome fusion, which occurred after divergence from
Lachancea thermotolerans
and
Lachancea kluyveri.
Draft Genome Sequences of Marine Isolates of Thalassomonas viridans and Thalassomonas actiniarum
Authors: Olonade Israel , van Zyl Leonardo Joaquim , Trindade Marla 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Thalassomonas viridans
and
Thalassomonas actiniarum
are aerobic Gram-negative bacilli which belong to a genus that has not received much attention, even though, as demonstrated here by the sequencing of their genomes, they are quite different from their closest relatives in current databases. Their genomes are relatively large at 7.7 and 7.4 Mb, respectively. This brief report describes the first draft genomes for any
Thalassomonas
species.
Genome Sequence of Ureaplasma diversum Strain ATCC 49782
Authors: Marques Lucas M. , Guimarães Ana M. S. , Martins Hellen B. , Rezende Izadora S. , Barbosa Maysa S. , Campos Guilherme B. , do Nascimento Naíla C. , dos Santos Andrea P. , Amorim Aline T. , Santos Verena M. , Messick Joanne B. , Timenetsky Jorge 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Ureaplasma diversum
strain ATCC 49782. This species is of bovine origin, having an association with reproductive disorders in cattle, including placentitis, fetal alveolitis, abortion, and birth of weak calves. It has a small circular chromosome of 975,425 bp.
Multimorbidity and healthcare utilisation among high-cost patients in the US Veterans Affairs Health Care System
Authors: Zulman Donna M , Pal Chee Christine , Wagner Todd H , Yoon Jean , Cohen Danielle M , Holmes Tyson H , Ritchie Christine , Asch Steven M 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between multimorbidity and healthcare utilisation patterns among the highest cost patients in a large, integrated healthcare system.DesignIn this retrospective cross-sectional study of all patients in the U.S. Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Care System, we aggregated costs of individuals’ outpatient and inpatient care, pharmacy services and VA-sponsored contract care received in 2010. We assessed chronic condition prevalence, multimorbidity as measured by comorbidity count, and multisystem multimorbidity (number of body systems affected by chronic conditions) among the 5% highest cost patients. Using multivariate regression, we examined the association between multimorbidity and healthcare utilisation and costs, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, homelessness and health insurance status.SettingUSA VA Health Care System.Participants5.2 million VA patients.MeasuresAnnual total costs; absolute and share of costs generated through outpatient, inpatient, pharmacy and VA-sponsored contract care; number of visits to primary, specialty and mental healthcare; number of emergency department visits and hospitalisations.ResultsThe 5% highest cost patients (n=261 699) accounted for 47% of total VA costs. Approximately two-thirds of these patients had chronic conditions affecting ≥3 body systems. Patients with cancer and schizophrenia were less likely to have documented comorbid conditions than other high-cost patients. Multimorbidity was generally associated with greater outpatient and inpatient utilisation. However, increased multisystem multimorbidity was associated with a higher outpatient share of total costs (1.6 percentage points per affected body system, p<0.01) but a lower inpatient share of total costs (−0.6 percentage points per affected body system, p<0.01).ConclusionsMultisystem multimorbidity is common among high-cost VA patients. While some patients might benefit from disease-specific programmes, for most patients with multimorbidity there is a need for interventions that coordinate and maximise efficiency of outpatient services across multiple conditions.
The crustal architecture of the Faroe–Shetland Basin: insights from a newly merged gravity and magnetic dataset
Authors: Rippington Stephen , Mazur Stanislaw , Warner Jamie 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Seismic imaging beneath shallow (<5 km) Palaeogene basaltic volcanic successions on the Faroe–Shetland Margin is very challenging with conventional seismic methods. Consequently, the interpretational uncertainty that surrounds the sub-basalt structure of the region is a major source of exploration risk. This study uses gravity and magnetic data in conjunction with seismic data to map the sub-basalt structure of the Faroe–Shetland Basin and model the crustal architecture of this part of the Atlantic margin. Four crustal types are recognized using gravity data: oceanic, intruded transitional, stretched continental and normal continental crust. Map-based interpretation of the gravity and magnetic data helps redefine the basins, highs and faults in the region. The structural interpretation suggests that the boundary between normal and stretched continental crust is coincident with the long-lived left-lateral ‘West Shetland Shear Zone’, which partitioned strain during rifting of the margin. 2D/2.5D gravity and magnetic models are shown for two seismic profiles from the PGS FSB MegaSurveyPlus. The models suggest highly thinned crust, which was intruded by mafic magma beneath the Flett sub-basin, and an asymmetry to the rifting, which is consistent with a process of Wernicke simple shear.
HRF-Relaxed
Authors: Gaster Benedict R. , Hower Derek , Howes Lee 
Published: April 2015

Memory consistency models, or memory models, allow both programmers and program language implementers to reason about concurrent accesses to one or more memory locations. Memory model specifications balance the often conflicting needs for precise semantics, implementation flexibility, and ease of understanding. Toward that end, popular programming languages like Java, C, and C++ have adopted memory models built on the conceptual foundation of Sequential Consistency for Data-Race-Free programs (SC for DRF). These SC for DRF languages were created with general-purpose homogeneous CPU systems in mind, and all assume a single, global memory address space. Such a uniform address space is usually power and performance prohibitive in heterogeneous Systems on Chips (SoCs), and for that reason most heterogeneous languages have adopted split address spaces and operations with nonglobal visibility.
There have recently been two attempts to bridge the disconnect between the CPU-centric assumptions of the SC for DRF framework and the realities of heterogeneous SoC architectures. Hower et al. proposed a class of Heterogeneous-Race-Free (HRF) memory models that provide a foundation for understanding many of the issues in heterogeneous memory models. At the same time, the Khronos Group developed the OpenCL 2.0 memory model that builds on the C++ memory model. The OpenCL 2.0 model includes features not addressed by HRF: primarily support for relaxed atomics and a property referred to as scope inclusion. In this article, we generalize HRF to allow formalization of and reasoning about more complicated models using OpenCL 2.0 as a point of reference. With that generalization, we (1) make the OpenCL 2.0 memory model more accessible by introducing a platform for feature comparisons to other models, (2) consider a number of shortcomings in the current OpenCL 2.0 model, and (3) propose changes that could be adopted by future OpenCL 2.0 revisions or by other, related, models.
Ultra-Sensitive Detection of the Pretreatment EGFR T790M Mutation in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients with an EGFR-Activating Mutation Using Droplet Digital PCR
Authors: Watanabe Masaru , Kawaguchi Tomoya , Isa Shun-ichi , Ando Masahiko , Tamiya Akihiro , Kubo Akihito , Saka Hideo , Takeo Sadanori , Adachi Hirofumi , Tagawa Tsutomu , Kakegawa Seiichi , Yamashita Motohiro , Kataoka Kazuhiko , Ichinose Yukito , Takeuchi Yukiyasu , Sakamoto Kazuhiro , Matsumura Akihide , Koh Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Purpose: The resistance to the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is a major concern in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. T790M mutation in EGFR accounts for nearly 50% of the acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs. Earlier studies suggested that T790M mutation was also detected in TKI-naïve NSCLCs in a small cohort. Here, we use an ultra-sensitive droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) technique to address the incidence and clinical significance of pretreatment T790M in a larger cohort.
Experimental Design: ddPCR was established as follows: wild-type or T790M mutation-containing DNA fragments were cloned into plasmids. Candidate threshold was identified using wild-type plasmid, normal human genomic DNA, and human A549 cell line DNA, which expresses wild type. Surgically resected tumor tissues from 373 NSCLC patients with EGFR-activating mutations were then examined for the presence of T790M using ddPCR.
Results: Our data revealed a linear performance for this ddPCR method (R2 = 0.998) with an analytical sensitivity of approximately 0.001%. The overall incidence of the pretreatment T790M mutation was 79.9% (298/373), and the frequency ranged from 0.009% to 26.9%. The T790M mutation was detected more frequently in patients with a larger tumor size (P = 0.019) and those with common EGFR-activating mutations (P = 0.022), as compared with the others.
Conclusions: The ultra-sensitive ddPCR assay revealed that pretreatment T790M was found in the majority of NSCLC patients with EGFR-activating mutations. ddPCR should be utilized for detailed assessment of the impact of the low frequency pretreatment T790M mutation on treatment with EGFR-TKIs. Clin Cancer Res; 21(15); 3552–60. ©2015 AACR.
The Paradigmatic Translator and His Method: Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq’s Translation of the Hippocratic Aphorisms from Greek via Syriac into Arabic
Authors: Overwien Oliver 
Published: April 2015

The present article deals with the role of the Syriac intermediary within Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq’s working process. In its first part I aim to show that the Syriac translation of the Hippocratic Aphorisms (ed. Pognon) was produced by Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq. Since this is the first Syriac translation of an ancient medical text which can be definitely ascribed to Ḥunayn, we are now in a better position to understand his working method. In its second part I compare therefore samples of his Syriac translaton with the Greek Vorlage on the one hand and his Arabic version of this Hippocratic text on the other.
Second Primary Lung Cancer After Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Pagedar Nitin A. , Jayawardena Asitha , Charlton Mary E. , Hoffman Henry T. 
Published: April 2015

Background: Recent guidelines recommend chest computed tomography (CT) for smokers based on studies of individuals aged 55 to 74 years with 30-pack year smoking to detect lung cancers. Some have postulated that a prior diagnosis of head and neck cancer (HNC) should also warrant lung cancer screening with CT, but no studies have demonstrated benefit in this population. Our goal was to compare survival of HNC patients with second primary lung cancers (SPLCs) with survival of lung cancer–only patients to determine if detecting early stage lung cancer in those with prior HNC could lead to similar survival benefits. Methods: Survival estimates for patients with early stage SPLC diagnosed between ages 55 and 74 at least 1 year after HNC diagnosis were compared with patients with early stage lung cancer and no other cancers. Results: Median survival of patients with lung cancer only was 38 months. Median survival after SPLC was 22 months. History of head and neck cancer predicted poorer survival after lung cancer diagnosis, P < .0001. Conclusions: Survival outcomes after early lung cancer are worse after HNC. This finding diminishes the effectiveness of chest CT as a screening modality for HNC survivors, and further study should be undertaken prior to its routine use.