bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Restoration Replacement in Posterior Teeth for U.S. Navy and Marine Corps Personnel
Authors: Laccabue M , Ahlf RL , Simecek JW 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARY

Statement of Problem
There are no recent data that describe the replacement rates of resin composite and dental amalgam restorations placed by US Navy dentists. Information is needed to provide the best possible care for our military personnel which would minimize the probability of dental emergencies, especially for those who are deployed.

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to determine if the frequency of posterior restoration replacement in military personnel differed based on the type of restorative material utilized.

Methods and Materials
Data contained in dental records in an observational study (retrospective cohort) were evaluated to identify resin composite and dental amalgam restorations placed by navy dentists in posterior teeth. The status of all erupted, unerupted, missing, and replaced teeth was documented. The type and condition of all existing restorations were recorded for each posterior tooth. Investigators reviewed 2921 dental records, and of those, 247 patients met the criteria for inclusion in the study. A total of 1050 restorations (485 resin composite and 565 amalgam) were evaluated.

Results
A Cox proportional hazards model was adjusted for number of tooth surfaces restored, caries risk, and filled posterior surfaces at initial exam. The overall rate of replacement for all restorations in the sample was 5.7% during the average 2.8-year follow-up. No significant elevation of risk for restoration replacement existed when comparing resin composite and amalgam. Both the number of restored surfaces and caries risk status were independent risk factors for replacement. When restoring multisurface cavity preparations, providers placed amalgams by an approximate 2:1 ratio over resin composites for this study population.

Conclusion
The results for this study show that no difference existed in the rate of replacement for amalgam vs resin composite. When restorations increased from just a single occlusal surface to additional surfaces, the rate of replacement was elevated and statistically significant for both materials. A higher caries risk status was also significant in elevating replacement rates for both materials.
Comparison of Enamel and Dentin Shear Bond Strengths of Current Dental Bonding Adhesives From Three Bond Generations
Authors: Meharry MR , Moazzami SM , Li Y 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARY

Objective:
Durability is still a major challenge in adhesive dentistry. One of the biggest areas of development has been to simplify the bonding process by using all-in-one adhesives. The aim of this study was to compare the shear bond strength (SBS) to dentin and enamel of nine dental bonding agents (DBAs) from three generations after simulated aging.

Methods and Materials:
For this study, 108 sound extracted human molars were randomly assigned to nine groups (n=12). The sample teeth were mounted in self-cure acrylic resin sectioned to provide paired enamel and dentin samples. All samples were polished with 240 and 600-grit silicon carbide sandpaper and randomly grouped according to the product and substrates (enamel or dentin). Herculite Ultra resin composite cylinders were bonded on each test surface, stored in 100% humidity at 37°C for 24 hours, and then thermocyled for 1,000 cycles at 5°C and 55°C. SBS testing was performed using an Ultratester at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Statistical analysis included two-factor analysis of variance, one-sample Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and the Scheffe post hoc test at an alpha level of 0.05 using SAS version 9.2.

Results:
Significant differences in SBS were observed between the sixth- and seventh-generation DBAs (p=0.002) but not between the sixth- and fourth-generation DBAs. Scheffe post hoc tests for the sixth-generation DBAs showed that some DBAs yielded significantly higher enamel SBS than others, but not as much as dentin SBS. As for the seventh-generation DBAs, similar post hoc tests showed significant variations in SBS between substrates (enamel and dentin) and DBAs tested. Significant main effects were also found for the different substrates for the fourth-generation (F[1,96]=10.532; p=0.003) and seventh-generation (F[1,96]=22.254; p&lt;0.001) DBAs, but not for the sixth-generation DBAs (F[1,96]=1.895, p=0.172). The SBS was higher on dentin than enamel for the fourth- and seventh-generation DBAs.

Conclusion:
As expected, fourth- and sixth-generation DBAs generally showed stronger SBS values than the seventh-generation all-in-one DBAs. The new sixth-generation DBA OptiBond XTR (Kerr) showed strong SBS values to both substrates and performed well in comparison to the other DBAs tested.
Transenamel and Transdentinal Penetration of Hydrogen Peroxide Applied to Cracked or Microabrasioned Enamel
Authors: Briso ALF , Lima APB , Gonçalves RS , Gallinari MO , Santos PH dos 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARY
The present study evaluated transenamel and transdentinal penetration of hydrogen peroxide during tooth whitening recognized in altered enamel by the presence of cracks or microabrasion. We used 72 experimental units (n=20) obtained from bovine incisors: GI-sound enamel; GII-teeth showing visible enamel cracks (4 mm to 5.7 mm in length); and GIII-microabrasioned enamel. The 12 remaining specimens were used to analyze the enamel surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy. The specimens were cylindrical and 5.7 mm in diameter and 3.5 mm thick. A product based on 35% hydrogen peroxide was used for bleaching, following the manufacturer's recommendations for use. To quantify the H2O2 penetration, the specimens were placed in artificial pulp chambers containing an acetate buffer solution. After bleaching, the solution was collected and adequately proportioned with leucocrystal violet, peroxidase enzyme, and deionized water. The resulting solution was evaluated using ultraviolet visible reflectance spectrophotometer equipment. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher's PLSD at a significance level of 0.05, and significant differences in the penetration of peroxide in different substrate conditions were observed (p&lt;0.0001). The penetration of hydrogen peroxide was more intense in cracked teeth. The group in which the enamel was microabraded showed intermediate values when compared to the control group. Microabrasion and the presence of cracks in the enamel make this substrate more susceptible to penetration of hydrogen peroxide during in-office whitening.
Effects of chemical restraint on electroretinograms recorded sequentially in awake, sedated, and anesthetized dogs
Authors: Freeman Kate S. , Good Kathryn L. , Kass Philip H. , Park Shin Ae , Nestorowicz Natalia , Ofri Ron 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Objective—To quantitatively and qualitatively compare electroretinography (ERG) recordings in awake, sedated, and anesthetized dogs.
Animals—Six 6-month-old Beagles.
Procedures—A brief ERG protocol for dogs was used. Following 1-minute and subsequent 5-minute dark adaptation, mixed rod-cone responses were recorded bilaterally with a handheld multispecies ERG device with dogs in each of 3 states of consciousness: awake, sedated (dexmedetomidine and butorphanol), and anesthetized (atropine and hydromorphone, followed by propofol and midazolam and anesthetic maintenance with isoflurane). Low- and high-frequency noise levels were quantified via Fourier analysis, and the effect of consciousness state on signal amplitude, implicit time, and noise was analyzed via repeated-measures ANOVA. In addition, 13 veterinary ophthalmologists who were unaware of the dogs’ consciousness states subjectively graded the ERG recording quality, and scores for each tracing were compared.
Results—ERG amplitudes were highest in awake dogs and lowest in anesthetized dogs. Implicit times were shortest in awake dogs and longest in anesthetized dogs. Differences in b-wave amplitudes and a-wave implicit times were significant. Neither low- nor high-frequency noise levels differed significantly among consciousness states. Furthermore, no significant differences were identified among observers’ scores assigned to ERG tracings.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Anesthesia and sedation resulted in significant attenuation and delay of ERG responses in dogs. Chemical restraint of dogs had no consistently significant effect on low- or high-frequency noise levels or on observer perception of signal quality.
Pharmacokinetics of repeated oral administration of tramadol hydrochloride in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis)
Authors: Souza Marcy J. , Gerhardt Lillian , Cox Sherry 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the pharmacokinetics of tramadol hydrochloride (30 mg/kg) following twice-daily oral administration in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).
Animals—9 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots.
Procedures—Tramadol hydrochloride was administered to each parrot at a dosage of 30 mg/kg, PO, every 12 hours for 5 days. Blood samples were collected just prior to dose 2 on the first day of administration (day 1) and 5 minutes before and 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 180, 360, and 720 minutes after the morning dose was given on day 5. Plasma was harvested from blood samples and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Degree of sedation was evaluated in each parrot throughout the study.
Results—No changes in the parrots’ behavior were observed. Twelve hours after the first dose was administered, mean ± SD concentrations of tramadol and its only active metabolite M1 (O-desmethyltramadol) were 53 ± 57 ng/mL and 6 ± 6 ng/mL, respectively. At steady state following 4.5 days of twice-daily administration, the mean half-lives for plasma tramadol and M1 concentrations were 2.92 ± 0.78 hours and 2.14 ± 0.07 hours, respectively. On day 5 of tramadol administration, plasma concentrations remained in the therapeutic range for approximately 6 hours. Other tramadol metabolites (M2, M4, and M5) were also present.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—On the basis of these results and modeling of the data, tramadol at a dosage of 30 mg/kg, PO, will likely need to be administered every 6 to 8 hours to maintain therapeutic plasma concentrations in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots. (Am J Vet Res 2013;74:957–962)
Effect of dexmedetomidine, morphine-lidocaine-ketamine, and dexmedetomidine-morphine-lidocaine-ketamine constant rate infusions on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane and bispectral index in dogs
Authors: Ebner Lisa Sams , Lerche Phillip , Bednarski Richard M. , Hubbell John A. E. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of dexmedetomidine, morphine-lidocaine-ketamine (MLK), and dexmedetomidine-morphine-lidocaine-ketamine (DMLK) constant rate infusions on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane and bispectral index (BIS) in dogs.
Animals—6 healthy adult dogs.
Procedures—Each dog was anesthetized 4 times with a 7-day washout period between anesthetic episodes. During the first anesthetic episode, the MAC of isoflurane (baseline) was established. During the 3 subsequent anesthetic episodes, the MAC of isoflurane was determined following constant rate infusion of dexmedetomidine (0.5 μg/kg/h), MLK (morphine, 0.2 mg/kg/h; lidocaine, 3 mg/kg/h; and ketamine, 0.6 mg/kg/h), or DMLK (dexmedetomidine, 0.5 μg/kg/h; morphine, 0.2 mg/kg/h; lidocaine, 3 mg/kg/h; and ketamine 0.6 mg/kg/h). Among treatments, MAC of isoflurane was compared by means of a Friedman test with Conover posttest comparisons, and heart rate, direct arterial pressures, cardiac output, body temperature, inspired and expired gas concentrations, arterial blood gas values, and BIS were compared with repeated-measures ANOVA and a Dunn test for multiple comparisons.
Results—Infusion of dexmedetomidine, MLK, and DMLK decreased the MAC of isoflurane from baseline by 30%, 55%, and 90%, respectively. Mean heart rates during dexmedetomidine and DMLK treatments was lower than that during MLK treatment. Compared with baseline values, mean heart rate decreased for all treatments, arterial pressure increased for the DMLK treatment, cardiac output decreased for the dexmedetomidine treatment, and BIS increased for the MLK and DMLK treatments. Time to extubation and sternal recumbency did not differ among treatments.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Infusion of dexmedetomidine, MLK, or DMLK reduced the MAC of isoflurane in dogs. (Am J Vet Res 2013;74:963–970)
Towards the classification of weak Fano threefolds with ρ = 2
Authors: Cutrone Joseph , Marshburn Nicholas 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this paper, examples of type II Sarkisov links between smooth complex projective Fano threefolds with Picard number one are provided. To show examples of these links, we study smooth weak Fano threefolds X with Picard number two and with a divisorial extremal ray. We assume that the pluri-anticanonical morphism of X contracts only a finite number of curves. The numerical classification of these particular smooth weak Fano threefolds is completed and the geometric existence of some numerical cases is proven.
On the graph labellings arising from phylogenetics
Authors: Buczyńska Weronika , Buczyński Jarosław , Kubjas Kaie , Michałek Mateusz 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
We study semigroups of labellings associated to a graph. These generalise the Jukes-Cantor model and phylogenetic toric varieties defined in [Buczynska W., Phylogenetic toric varieties on graphs, J. Algebraic Combin., 2012, 35(3), 421–460]. Our main theorem bounds the degree of the generators of the semigroup by g + 1 when the graph has first Betti number g. Also, we provide a series of examples where the bound is sharp.
Corrigendum of the paper: some results on certain classes of multivalently analytic functions based on differential subordination involving a convolution structure math. Slovaca 60 (2010), 471–484 (subordination result and generalizations)
Authors: Prajapat J. , Raina R. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
This note gives the correct form of a result (Theorem 2, p. 478) published recently in [Math. Slovaca 60 (2010), 471–484].
Extending asymmetric convergence and Cauchy condition using ideals
Authors: Das Pratulananda , Ghosal Sanjoy , Pal Sudip 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this paper we use the notion of ideals to extend the convergence and Cauchy conditions in asymmetric metric spaces. The asymmetry (or rather, absence of symmetry) of these spaces makes the whole treatment different from the metric case and we use a genuinely asymmetric condition called (AMA) to prove many results and show that certain classic results fail in the asymmetric context if the assumption is dropped.
On the diophantine equation x
2 + 2a · 3b · 11c = y
n
Authors: Cangül İsmaıl , Demırcı Musa , İnam İlker , Luca Florian , Soydan Gökhan 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
In this note, we find all the solutions of the Diophantine equation x
2 + 2a · 3b · 11c = y
n, in nonnegative integers a, b, c, x, y, n ≥ 3 with x and y coprime.
Understanding the “footprint of state socialism” in east central European post-socialism
Authors: Segert Dieter 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The paper outlines the debate on European state socialism as a social and political order. There are different attempts to obtain a better understanding of the core principles of this type of society and a continuing public debate on it. Following the end of the decade of the transition from “socialism to capitalism” we can observe a renewal in the debates on the “Ancient regime” and its heritage. There are different reasons for this phenomenon; these include new insights from the archives and the recent politics on history in post-socialist societies. The new “zeitgeist” following the world financial crisis of 2008 might be an additional reason. The issues that developed are discussions on the nature of state socialism, some hypotheses on the role of reformers within the changes to late socialism from the perspective of political science, and some assumptions on the methods adopted by former reform socialists after 1989.
Evaluation of text document clustering approach based on particle swarm optimization
Authors: Karol Stuti , Mangat Veenu 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Clustering, an extremely important technique in Data Mining is an automatic learning technique aimed at grouping a set of objects into subsets or clusters. The goal is to create clusters that are coherent internally, but substantially different from each other. Text Document Clustering refers to the clustering of related text documents into groups based upon their content. It is a fundamental operation used in unsupervised document organization, text data mining, automatic topic extraction, and information retrieval. Fast and high-quality document clustering algorithms play an important role in effectively navigating, summarizing, and organizing information. The documents to be clustered can be web news articles, abstracts of research papers etc. This paper proposes two techniques for efficient document clustering involving the application of soft computing approach as an intelligent hybrid approach PSO algorithm. The proposed approach involves partitioning Fuzzy C-Means algorithm and K-Means algorithm each hybridized with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The performance of these hybrid algorithms has been evaluated against traditional partitioning techniques (K-Means and Fuzzy C Means).
Cross-sectional area and mean echogenicity of shoulder and elbow tendons in adult German Shepherd dogs
Authors: Loprete G. , Musella V. , Britti D. , Vilar J. M. , Spinella G. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to describe the cross-sectional area and mean echogenicity of the main tendons of the shoulder and elbow joints in adult German Shepherd dogs and to determine the effects of sex, weight, and age on these parameters. No previous publications in the veterinary literature have reported information regarding quantitative ultrasonographic tendon measurements in dogs.Thirty German Shepherd dogs were examined: 13 males and 17 females. The cross-sectional area was significantly higher in males than in females (p <0.05) for the distal tendon of the triceps brachii muscle and the tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris and common digital extensor muscles. The influence of sex on mean echogenicity was not significant. According to age, mean echogenicity was higher in older dogs, while the cross-sectional areas were similar in the two groups. Cross-sectional area and mean echogenicity of the tendons showed a direct increase with an increase in body weight. The data gained from this study can help support the clinician to discriminate between normal and pathological conditions.
Handling of the tibial muscle envelope in tibial plateau levelling osteotomy - to elevate or not?
Authors: Edwards M. R. , Nelson N. C. , von Pfeil D. J. F. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryObjective: To compare the outcome of the tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) procedure, using a 6-hole 3.5 mm locking TPLO plate and performed with the muscle elevation technique (ET) and placement of sponges, to the TPLO without performing these steps (non-elevation-technique [NET]).Material and methods: Medical records and radiographs of dogs with ET (n = 21) or NET (n = 19) were retrospectively reviewed. Signalment, TPLO procedure side, meniscal treatment, surgery time, haemorrhage, preand postoperative tibial plateau angle, assistant, amount of rehabilitation, bone healing (cortical, osteotomy, combined healing scores), complications, limb function, recovery time and follow-up were recorded and analysed using multivariate analysis. A value of p <0.05 was considered significant.Results: Surgery time was significantly shorter with the NET (68.5 min ± 3.4) than with the ET (87.8 min ± 3.4) (p <0.01). No significant differences were detected for all other evaluated factors. Soft tissue trauma was minimal and none of the dogs suffered severe haemorrhage. The bone healing scores with the NET and the ET were not significantly different (p = 0.1, p = 0.2, p = 0.1). Complications were rare, minor and not significantly different between groups (p = 0.73).Clinical relevance: The results of this in vivo study indicate that NET is a feasible technique that can be considered for the clinical setting.
Randomized Study of Asunaprevir plus Pegylated Interferon-α and Ribavirin for Previously Untreated Genotype 1 Chronic Hepatitis C
Authors: Bronowicki Jean-Pierre , Pol Stanislas , Thuluvath Paul J , Larrey Dominique , Martorell Claudia T , Rustgi Vinod K , Morris David W , Younes Ziad , Fried Michael W , Bourlière Marc , Hézode Christophe , Reddy K Rajender , Massoud Omar , Abrams Gary A , Ratziu Vlad , He Bing , Eley Timothy , Ahmad Alaa , Cohen David , Hindes Robert , McPhee Fiona , Reilly Bridget , Mendez Patricia , Hughes Eric 
Published: June 2013

Background Asunaprevir is a selective NS3 protease inhibitor with in vitro activity against HCV genotypes 1 and 4. Methods In this Phase IIa double-blind study, treatment-naive HCV genotype-1-infected patients in the United States and France were randomly assigned 1:1:1:1 to placebo or asunaprevir 200 mg twice daily, 600 mg twice daily or 600 mg once daily in combination with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-α2a and ribavirin for 48 weeks. The primary efficacy end point was undetectable HCV RNA at weeks 4 and 12 (extended rapid virological response [eRVR]). Other end points included safety and undetectable HCV RNA at 24 weeks post-treatment (24-week sustained virological response [SVR24]). Results A total of 47 patients were randomized and treated. eRVR was achieved by 75% (9/12), 75% (9/12) and 92% (11/12) of patients in the asunaprevir 200 mg twice-daily, 600 mg twice-daily and 600 mg once-daily groups, respectively, versus 0% (0/11) in the placebo group. Corresponding SVR24 rates were 83% (10/12), 83% (10/12) and 92% (11/12) in the asunaprevir groups and 46% (5/11) in the placebo group. There was no virological breakthrough in any asunaprevir group. Following the 12-week analysis, the 600 mg doses were reduced to 200 mg twice daily because of a greater frequency of transaminase elevations at the 600 mg dose. The most common grade 3–4 laboratory abnormalities were consistent with those reported for PEG-IFN and ribavirin. Conclusions Asunaprevir plus PEG-IFN and ribavirin achieved higher response rates than placebo plus PEG-IFN and ribavirin, with a tolerable adverse event profile at the 200 mg twice-daily dose. This dose is being evaluated in the Phase IIb and Phase III studies.
Le palais des ombres
Authors: Wiener Élise 
Published: June 2013

Cet article propose d’analyser la manière dont, depuis le Romantisme, la ruine fonctionne de manière paradigmatique dans les théories de la représentation. La conception romantique, pour laquelle le passage du réel à sa représentation s’effectue sur le mode de la réduction et de la perte, se trouve bouleversée par l’invention de la photographie en 1839. L’ontologie de l’image photographique, qui tresse présence et absence, inscription et retrait, être et non-être, retourne les catégories de la ruine. À la ruine romantique, trace d’une origine perdue, succède une ruine à travers laquelle la trace fait signe vers une absence d’origine. Les modalités de la trace – inscription de l’ombre du passé dans le présent, hantise des lieux, mémoire tissée par l’oubli, être fondé par le non-être – s’inscrivent au cœur de la structure narrative des romans de Patrick Modiano, et dénotent une certaine forme de rapport contemporain au réel.