bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SRC-2 orchestrates polygenic inputs for fine-tuning glucose homeostasis
Authors: Fleet Tiffany , Zhang Bin , Lin Fumin , Zhu Bokai , Dasgupta Subhamoy , Stashi Erin , Tackett Bryan , Thevananther Sundararajah , Rajapakshe Kimal I. , Gonzales Naomi , Dean Adam , Mao Jianqiang , Timchenko Nikolai , Malovannaya Anna , Qin Jun , Coarfa Cristian , DeMayo Francesco , Dacso Clifford C. , Foulds Charles E. , O’Malley Bert W. , York Brian 
Published: October 2015

Significance
Maintenance of glucose concentrations within a homeostatic range is essential for preserving the function of glucose-sensitive tissues. Perturbations in the mechanisms that control this homeostasis give rise to a continuum of glucopathologies associated with aberrant carbohydrate metabolism. Here we show Steroid Receptor Coactivator 2 (SRC-2) to be an integral coregulator that couples gene output with energetic demand by stabilizing and amplifying transcriptional complexes. This study highlights the collective importance of transcriptional coregulators for coordination of gene expression events and may provide insight for understanding components of polygenic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Agonist antibody that induces human malignant cells to kill one another
Authors: Yea Kyungmoo , Zhang Hongkai , Xie Jia , Jones Teresa M. , Lin Chih-Wei , Francesconi Walter , Berton Fulvia , Fallahi Mohammad , Sauer Karsten , Lerner Richard A. 
Published: October 2015

SignificanceA major goal in cancer research is to discover agents that transform malignant cells into benign cells. Here, we report on an agonist antibody that converts leukemic cells into killer cells. This induction has an added benefit: In addition to transforming the cancer cells into other, presumably less aggressive, cells, the newly induced cells have a killer phenotype and kill other as yet unconverted members of the malignant clone.
A Reappraisal of Reproduction in Anadromous Alewives: Determinate versus Indeterminate Fecundity, Batch Size, and Batch Number
Authors: Ganias Konstantinos , Divino Jeffrey N. , Gherard Katie E. , Davis Justin P. , Mouchlianitis Foivos , Schultz Eric T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractInnovative methods for analysis of reproduction may provide more information that can be used to conserve species of concern. We present data on oocyte development, batch size, and batch number of anadromous Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus in a lake‐spawning population located in Connecticut. We sampled female Alewives as they arrived at the spawning habitat (uprunners) and females as they were leaving (downrunners). We estimated batch size by weighing all oocytes and performed image analysis on oocytes in subsamples of some ovaries, thereby estimating oocyte size‐frequency distribution to define the number of batches. We performed both whole‐mount and histological analysis on other ovaries to compare gravimetric and stereological estimates of batch size and to precisely characterize oocyte developmental stages. Uprunners had advanced oocytes at the ultimate stage of vitellogenesis and usually three additional less‐developed batches. Postovulatory follicles and oocytes that were being resorbed were prevalent in downrunners but were absent in uprunners. Females spawned at least three batches in a season; however, downrunners had nearly as many batches as uprunners in their ovaries, indicating there was continuing recruitment and maturation of fresh batches. A numerical model of oocyte growth indicated that there is sufficient time for batches recruited at the beginning of the spawning season to develop and be spawned in the same season, indicating that fecundity is indeterminate. Accurate assessments of individual reproductive performance will require detailed consideration of within‐season oocyte dynamics as opposed to relying on enumerating oocytes in prespawners.Received November 25, 2014; accepted July 13, 2015
EXTENDED BASELINE PHOTOMETRY OF RAPIDLY CHANGING WEATHER PATTERNS ON THE BROWN DWARF BINARY LUHMAN-16
Authors: Street R. A. , Fulton B. J. , Scholz A. , Horne Keith , Helling C. , Juncher D. , Lee E. K. H. , Valenti S. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACT
Luhman-16 (WISE J1049-5319) was recently discovered to be a nearby (∼2 pc) brown dwarf binary that exhibits a high degree of photometric variability (Δm ∼ 0.1 mag). This is thought to be due to the evolution of “cloud” features on the photosphere, but Luhman-16 has been found to show unusually rapid changes, possibly resulting from fast-evolving “weather.” This target is of particular interest because it consists of a co-evolutionary pair of brown dwarfs spanning the transition between L and T spectral types (L7.5 and T0.5), which are expected to be associated with changes in cloud surface coverage. Being comparatively bright (I ∼ 15.5 mag), the target is well suited for observation with the new Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network (LCOGT) of 1 m telescopes. We present long-time baseline photometric observations from two of LCOGT's southern hemisphere sites, which were used in tandem to monitor Luhman-16 for up to 13.25 hr at a time (more than twice the rotation period), for a total of 41.2 days in the SDSS-i′ and Pan-STARRS-Z filters. We use this data set to characterize the changing rotational modulation, which may be explained by the evolution of cloud features at varying latitudes on the surfaces of the two brown dwarfs.
EURAMET.L-K3.2009.1: bilateral comparison on angle
Authors: Salgado José , Alfiyati Nurul 
Published: October 2015

The results of the bilateral comparison on line-scale between French (LNE) and Indonesian (KIM-LIPI) NMI for length, is presented. 5 angle blocks (5'', 5', 30', 5°, 30°) were measured by both participants. LNE acted as the coordinator and pilot laboratory. The results showed a disagreement between both participants mainly for the 5' angle block due to geometrical defects.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Fire affects microhabitat selection, movement patterns, and body condition of an Australian rodent (
Rattus fuscipes
)
Authors: Fordyce Amber , Hradsky Bronwyn A. , Ritchie Euan G. , Di Stefano Julian 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Resource selection by animals influences individual fitness, the abundance of local populations, and the distribution of species. Further, the degree to which individuals select particular resources can be altered by numerous factors including competition, predation, and both natural- and human-induced environmental change. Understanding the influence of such factors on the way animals use resources can guide species conservation and management in changing environments. In this study, we investigated the effects of a prescribed fire on small-scale (microhabitat) resource selection, abundance, body condition, and movement pathways of a native Australian rodent, the bush rat ( Rattus fuscipes ). Using a before-after, control-impact design, we gathered data from 60 individuals fitted with spool and line tracking devices. In unburnt forest, selection of resources by bush rats was positively related to rushes, logs and complex habitat, and negatively related to ferns and litter. Fire caused selection for spreading grass, rushes, and complex habitat to increase relative to an unburnt control location. At the burnt location after the fire, rats selected patches of unburnt vegetation, and no rats were caught at a trapping site where most of the understory had been burnt. The fire also reduced bush rat abundance and body condition and caused movement pathways to become more convoluted. After the fire, some individuals moved through burnt areas but the majority of movements occurred within unburnt patches. The effects of fire on bush rat resource selection, movement, body condition, and abundance were likely driven by several linked factors including limited access to shelter and food due to the loss of understory vegetation and heightened levels of perceived predation risk. Our findings suggest the influence of prescribed fire on small mammals will depend on the resulting mosaic of burnt and unburnt patches and how well this corresponds to the resource requirements of particular species.
Detecting stars at the galactic centre via synchrotron emission
Authors: Ginsburg Idan , Wang Xiawei , Loeb Abraham , Cohen Ofer 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Stars orbiting within 1 arcsec of the supermassive black hole in the Galactic Centre, Sgr A*, are notoriously difficult to detect due to obscuration by gas and dust. We show that some stars orbiting this region may be detectable via synchrotron emission. In such instances, a bow shock forms around the star and accelerates the electrons. We calculate that around the 10 GHz band (radio) and at 1014 Hz (infrared) the luminosity of a star orbiting the black hole is comparable to the luminosity of Sgr A*. The strength of the synchrotron emission depends on a number of factors including the star's orbital velocity. Thus, the ideal time to observe the synchrotron flux is when the star is at pericentre. The star S2 will be ∼0.015 arcsec from Sgr A* in 2018, and is an excellent target to test our predictions.
The African Enigma
Authors: Moradi Alexander , Hirvonen Kalle 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
African adult populations are remarkably tall for the low income levels that prevail at the country level. The average African woman is about 158.5 cm tall, whereas the low gross domestic product per capita would lead us to expect a mean height more similar to the shortest populations in the world, about 4 cm shorter. This is the case in spite of the fact that indicators of socioeconomic status and height are positively correlated within each country. The chapter also shows that the physical stature of African children fit well into the global income–height relationship. Hence, we conclude that the anomaly in the income–height nexus at country level appears to originate between childhood and adulthood. We present evidence for considerable catch-up growth involving entire populations. We discuss possible reasons for this catch-up growth including genetics, and, above all, better nutrition and health conditions during adolescence.
Why Do People with Higher Body Weight Earn Lower Wages?
Authors: Greve Jane 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis chapter surveys the empirical literature on the relationship between body weight and wages. Mixed results are found for the impact of increasing body weight on wages for different gender, age, race, and occupational groups. Most of the literature points to a negative effect of increasing body weight on wages among white women. The results are more ambiguous for men. The chapter presents various hypotheses and empirical evidence on why some people with higher body weight tend to earn lower wages, and it discusses the empirical results pointing to wage discrimination. Finally, the chapter presents an overview of recent trends and developments in the economic literature on body weight and wages.
Discourse-configurationality
Authors: Surányi Balázs 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis chapter provides an overview of the notion of discourse-configurationality, a parametric property of languages in which at least one category of the Information Structural notions Topic and Focus is associated with a particular phrase structure configuration. The chapter clarifies the relation between discourse-configurationality and the concept of (non-)configurationality, and it compares discourse-configurationality to the more inclusive notion of discourse-prominence. A survey of the major parameters in cross-linguistic variation is presented, distinguishing different types of discourse-configurationality both within and across its two main manifestations: namely topic-configurationality and focus-configurationality. The concluding part outlines several prominent theoretical approaches to the syntax of discourse-configurationality, raising issues of grammatical architecture that centre around the hypothesis of the Autonomy of Syntax.
FASTmC:a suite of predictive models for non-reference-based estimations of DNA methylation
Authors: Bewick Adam J. , Hofmesiter Brigitte T. , Lee Kevin , Zhang Xiaoyu , Hall Dave W. , Schmitz Robert J. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTWe describe a suite of predictive models, coinedFASTmC,for non-reference, cost-effective exploration and comparative analysis of context-specific DNA methylation levels. Accurate estimations of true DNA methylation levels can be obtained from as few as several thousand short-reads generated from whole genome bisulfite sequencing. These models make high-resolution time course or developmental, and large diversity studies practical regardless of species, genome size and availability of a reference genome.
Optimal compensation for neuron death
Authors: Barrett David G.T. , Denève Sophie , Machens Christian K. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe brain has an impressive ability to withstand neural damage. Diseases that kill neurons can go unnoticed for years, and incomplete brain lesions or silencing of neurons often fail to produce any effect. How does the brain compensate for such damage, and what are the limits of this compensation? We propose that neural circuits optimally compensate for neuron death, thereby preserving their function as much as possible. We show that this compensation can explain changes in tuning curves induced by neuron silencing across a variety of systems, including the primary visual cortex. We find that optimal compensation can be implemented through the dynamics of networks with a tight balance of excitation and inhibition, without requiring synaptic plasticity. The limits of this compensatory mechanism are reached when excitation and inhibition become unbalanced, thereby demarcating a recovery boundary, where signal representation fails and where diseases may become symptomatic.
Membrane filter method to study the effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium longum on fecal microbiota
Authors: Shimizu Hidenori , Benno Yoshimi 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTA large number of commensal bacteria inhabit the intestinal tract, and interbacterial communication among gut microbiota is thought to occur. In order to analyze symbiotic relationships between probiotic strains and the gut microbiota, a ring with a membrane filter fitted to the bottom was used for in vitro investigations. Test strains comprising probiotic nitto strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus NT and Bifidobacterium longum NT) and type strains (L. acidophilus JCM1132T and B. longum JCM1217T) were obtained from diluted fecal samples using the membrane filter to simulate interbacterial communication. Bifidobacterium spp., Streptococcus pasteurianus, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Clostridium spp. were the most abundant gut bacteria detected before coculture with the test strains. Results of the coculture experiments indicated that the test strains significantly promote the growth of Ruminococcus gnavus, Ruminococcus torques, and Veillonella spp. and inhibit the growth of Sutterella wadsworthensis. Differences in the relative abundances of gut bacterial strains were furthermore observed after coculture of the fecal samples with each test strain. Bifidobacterium spp., which was detected as the dominant strain in the fecal samples, was found to be unaffected by coculture with the test strains. In the present study, interbacterial communication using bacterial metabolites between the test strains and the gut microbiota was demonstrated by the coculture technique. The detailed mechanisms and effects of the complex interbacterial communications that occur among the gut microbiota are, however, still unclear. Further investigation of these relationships by coculture of several fecal samples with probiotic strains is urgently required.
Soil‐borne reservoirs of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria are established following therapeutic treatment of dairy calves
Authors: Liu Jinxin , Zhao Zhe , Orfe Lisa , Subbiah Murugan , Call Douglas R. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWe determined if antibiotics residues that are excreted from treated animals can contribute to persistence of resistant bacteria in agricultural environments. Administration of ceftiofur, a third‐generation cephalosporin, resulted in a ∼ 3 log increase in ceftiofur‐resistant Escherichia coli found in the faeces and pen soils by day 10 (P = 0.005). This resistant population quickly subsided in faeces, but was sustained in the pen soil (∼ 4.5 log bacteria g−1) throughout the trial (1 month). Florfenicol treatment resulted in a similar pattern although the loss of florfenicol‐resistant E. coli was slower for faeces and remained stable at ∼ 6 log bacteria g−1 in the soil. Calves were treated in pens where eGFP‐labelled E. coli were present in the bedding (∼ 2 log g−1) resulting in amplification of the eGFP E. coli population ∼ 2.1 log more than eGFP E. coli populations in pens with untreated calves (day 4; P < 0.005). Excreted residues accounted for > 10‐fold greater contribution to the bedding reservoir compared with shedding of resistant bacteria in faeces. Treatment with therapeutic doses of ceftiofur or florfenicol resulted in 2–3 log g−1 more bacteria than the estimated ID50 (2.83 CFU g−1), consistent with a soil‐borne reservoir emerging after antibiotic treatment that can contribute to the long‐term persistence of antibiotic resistance in animal agriculture.
Latent vs. Observed Variables: Analysis of Irrigation Water Efficiency Using SEM and SUR
Authors: Tang Jianjun , Folmer Henk 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn this paper we compare conceptualising single factor technical and allocative efficiency as indicators of a single latent variable, or as separate observed variables. In the former case, the impacts on both efficiency types are analysed by means of structural equation modeling (SEM), in the latter by seemingly unrelated regression (SUR). We compare estimation results of the two approaches based on a dataset on single factor irrigation water use efficiency obtained from a survey of 360 farmers in the Guanzhong Plain, China. The main methodological findings are that SEM allows identification of the most important dimension of irrigation water efficiency (technical efficiency) via comparison of their factor scores and reliability. Moreover, it reduces multicollinearity and attenuation bias. It thus is preferable to SUR. The SEM estimates show that perception of water scarcity is the most important positive determinant of both types of efficiency, followed by irrigation infrastructure, income and water price. Furthermore, there is a strong negative reverse effect from efficiency on perception.
Single incision laparoscopic surgery for multiple colorectal cancers
Authors: Ishiyama Yasuhiro , Hirano Yasumitsu , Hattori Masakazu , Douden Kenji , Hashizume Yasuo 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate short‐term outcomes of single‐incision surgery with two segmental colorectal resections and anastomoses for multiple synchronous colorectal cancers.MethodsTen patients with multiple colorectal cancers underwent two synchronous segmental colorectal resections and anastomoses. The methodology of the procedures, operative results, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated.ResultsThe median operative time was 270 min (range, 146–427 min), and the median blood loss was 70 mL (range, 10–260 mL). No conversions to open surgery or intraoperative complications occurred. Four cases needed additional ports, and one case required a diverting stoma.ConclusionSILS with two segmental colorectal resections and anastomoses was safely performed in all cases without severe postoperative complications. This procedure seems to be a feasible option for resecting multiple synchronous colorectal cancers.
Video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery after renal transplantation: A single‐institution experience
Authors: Maeda Hideyuki , Kanzaki Masato , Sakamoto Kei , Kikkawa Takuma , Isaka Tamami , Oyama Kunihiro , Murasugi Masahide , Fuchinoue Shohei , Tanabe Kazunari , Onuki Takamasa 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe number of renal transplantations performed for patients with chronic kidney disease has increased in Japan, but little is known about the outcomes in those who subsequently undergo video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). We therefore investigated the outcomes of consecutive patients requiring VATS after renal transplantation at our institute.MethodsWe retrospectively collected the clinical data for patients undergoing VATS after renal transplantation between January 2003 and September 2014. Specifically, we compared the serum creatinine level and estimated glomerular filtration rate preoperatively and postoperatively, and investigated the postoperative complications.ResultsIn total, 12 patients underwent VATS after renal transplantation during the study period. All patients received two or three immunosuppressive agents. Operative methods used included VATS wedge resection (n = 4), segmentectomy (n = 4), lobectomy (n = 2), mediastinal tumor resection (n = 1), and chest wall tumor resection (n = 1). No patients required perioperative hemodialysis. There were no intraoperative complications, but one patient developed postoperative hemorrhagic cystitis and another developed pneumonia. One patient developed pneumocystis pneumonia 2 months after left lower lobectomy and required hemodialysis. No further hemodialysis was required by any patient. Of note, no statistically significant differences were observed between the preoperative and postoperative serum creatinine level (P = 0.666) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (P = 0.388). There were no in‐hospital deaths. Univariate analysis revealed no significant risk factors for postoperative complications.ConclusionThis report showed favorable results for VATS after renal transplantation. However, clinicians must remain vigilant for complications because transplant recipients remain permanently immunocompromised.
Repeat transurethral resection for non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer: a contemporary series
Authors: Gendy Rasha , Delprado Warick , Brenner Phillip , Brooks Andrew , Coombes Graham , Cozzi Paul , Nash Peter , Patel Manish I. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the depth of transurethral resections of bladder tumour (TURBT), residual cancer rates and up‐staging rates in a contemporary Australian series.Materials and MethodsSpecimen reports from a single, major reporting pathology centre, servicing a group of urological oncologists in Sydney were obtained for TURBTs performed between October 2008 and February 2013. We examined the depth of TURBT, rates of repeat‐TURBT (re‐TUR) and residual cancer rates at the 3–6 month check cystoscopy.ResultsOne thousand and two hundred and nine transurethral resection specimens retrieved during this period were analysed. There were 162 (13.4%) T1 specimens and 631 (52.2%) Ta specimens, 218 (34.5%) of which were high grade. Muscularis propria was present in 506 (41.9%) specimens in total and in 151 (39.7%) of 380 high‐risk specimens (high grade Ta, T1). Of the 380 high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive tumours, 85 (22.4%) proceeded to re‐TUR. Of the 48 T1 specimens and 37 Ta high grade specimens that proceeded to re‐TUR, 7 (14.6%) and 1 (2.7%) respectively were upstaged to muscle‐invasive disease. Rates of residual disease/early recurrence at 3–6 months was significantly better for those with re‐TUR compared to those without 56.8% vs 82.5% (P < 0.001) for Ta high grade and 39.6% vs 84% (P = 0.028) for T1 tumours respectively.ConclusionRe‐TUR rates in high‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer are low. However in a contemporary series, the upstaging rates are low, but residual cancer rates high, supporting the need for re‐TUR in this population.