bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical features, presentation, and tolerance of platinum‐based chemotherapy in germ cell tumor patients 50 years of age and older
Authors: Feldman Darren R. , Voss Martin H. , Jacobsen Erin P. , Jia Xiaoyu , Suarez J. Andres , Turkula Stefan , Sheinfeld Joel , Bosl George J. , Motzer Robert J. , Patil Sujata 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDGerm cell tumors (GCTs) primarily affect adolescent and young adult men. Detailed clinical and treatment characteristics in older men are lacking.METHODSPatients with GCT seen over a 20‐year period at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center were identified. Primary tumor site and histology were compared for patients aged ≥ 50 years at diagnosis versus younger men. For patients aged ≥ 50, individual chart review was performed and treatment delays, changes, and toxicities were recorded for those treated with first‐line chemotherapy.RESULTSOf 4235 diagnoses of GCT, 3999 (94.4%) were made at age < 50 versus 236 (5.6%) at age ≥ 50. Compared with patients diagnosed before age 50, older men more frequently had seminoma (62.7% versus 36.7%) and less frequently, nonseminoma (34.7% versus 63.2%) (P < .0001). Predominant histology switched from nonseminoma to seminoma around age 35. Distribution of primary sites also differed for older versus younger men (testis: 89.4% versus 92.9%; retroperitoneal: 3.8% versus 0.7%; CNS 0% versus 1.7%) except for mediastinal primary tumors, which remained constant across age groups. Fifty patients age ≥ 50 received first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy; 30 experienced complications leading to treatment discontinuation, delay ≥ 7 days, or regimen change. Twenty‐two (44%) patients experienced neutropenic fever, 6 despite prophylactic growth factor support. Estimated 5‐year survival for chemotherapy‐treated patients was 84.9%.CONCLUSIONSMen aged ≥ 50 years comprise less than 10% of GCT diagnoses and have distinct clinical and histological characteristics as compared with younger patients. Although complications from chemotherapy occur frequently in older men, prognosis remains excellent when risk‐directed treatment is administered with curative intent. Cancer 2013;119:2574–2581. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Matched‐pair and propensity score comparisons of outcomes of patients with clinical stage I non–small cell lung cancer treated with resection or stereotactic radiosurgery
Authors: Varlotto John , Fakiris Achilles , Flickinger John , Medford‐Davis Laura , Liss Adam , Shelkey Julia , Belani Chandra , DeLuca Jill , Recht Abram , Maheshwari Neelabh , Barriger Robert , Yao Nengliang , DeCamp Malcolm 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDStereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an alternative to surgery for clinical stage I non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but comparing its effectiveness is difficult because of differences in patient selection and staging.METHODSTwo databases were combined which contained patients treated from 1999 to 2008 by lobectomy (LR, n = 132), sublobar resection (SLR, n = 48), and SBRT (n = 137) after negative staging. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed for survival (OS), total recurrence control (TRC comprises local‐regional and distant control), and locoregional control (LRC) in our entire population. A matched‐pair analysis was also performed that compared surgery and SBRT results. Median follow‐up for the entire study population was 25.8 months.RESULTSOn univariate analysis, OS was significantly worse with SBRT and also correlated with histology, the Charlson comorbidity index, tumor size, and aspirin use; TRC correlated only with histology; and no variable significantly correlated with LRC. OS was significantly poorer for SBRT in the matched‐pair analysis than for patients treated with surgery, but TRC and LRC were not significantly different between these groups. Multivariate analyses including propensity score as a covariate (controlling for all factors affecting treatment selection) found that OS correlated only with Charlson comorbidity index, and TRC correlated only with tumor grade. LRC correlated only with tumor size with or without propensity score correction.CONCLUSIONSThis retrospective study has demonstrated similar OS, LRC, and TRC with SBRT or surgery after controlling for prognostic and patient selection factors. Randomized clinical trials are needed to better compare the effectiveness of these treatments. Cancer 2013;119:2683–2691. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Cardiovascular and lung mesh generation based on centerlines
Authors: Marchandise E. , Geuzaine C. , Remacle J.F. 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYWe present a fully automatic procedure for the mesh generation of tubular geometries such as blood vessels or airways. The procedure is implemented in the open‐source Gmsh software and relies on a centerline description of the input geometry. The presented method can generate different type of meshes: isotropic tetrahedral meshes, anisotropic tetrahedral meshes, and mixed hexahedral/tetrahedral meshes. Additionally, a multiple layered arterial wall can be generated with a variable thickness. All the generated meshes rely on a mesh size field and a mesh metric that is based on centerline descriptions, namely the distance to the centerlines and a local reference system based on the tangent and the normal directions to the centerlines. Different examples show that the proposed method is very efficient and robust and leads to high quality computational meshes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In Situ Direct Measurement of Vapor Pressures and Thermodynamic Parameters of Volatile Organic Materials in the Vapor Phase: Benzoic Acid, Ferrocene, and Naphthalene
Authors: Hikal Walid M. , Weeks Brandon L. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe report the direct determination of vapor pressures and optical and thermodynamic parameters of powders of low‐volatile materials in their vapor phase using a commercial UV/Vis spectrometer. This methodology is based on the linear proportionality between the density of the saturated gas of the material and the absorbance of the gas at different temperatures. The vapor pressure values determined for benzoic acid and ferrocene are in good agreement with those reported in the literature with ∼2–7 % uncertainty. Thermodynamic parameters of benzoic acid, ferrocene, and naphthalene are determined in situ at temperatures below their melting points. The sublimation enthalpies of the investigated organic molecules are in excellent agreement with the ICTAC recommended values (less than 1 % difference). This method has been used to measure vapor pressures and thermodynamic parameters of organic volatile materials with vapor pressures of ∼0.5–355 Pa in the 50–100 °C temperature range.
Solar Power Conditioners Using Bidirectional Chopper Circuits Connected in Series
Authors: Fujita Hideaki , Mabuchi Masao , Tsubota Yasuhiro , Mizogami Takao 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThis paper proposes a new high‐efficiency grid‐connection inverter suitable for the interface with thin‐film solar cells, which is composed of two bidirectional buck converters and an H‐bridge PWM converter connected in series. The switching frequencies of the first bidirectional buck converters are equal to the grid frequency, while the second is operated at twice the grid frequency. The combination of these two converters synthesizes an AC rectangular voltage pulse train from the DC input power. The H‐bridge PWM converter is operated at 20 kHz with a low DC capacitor voltage to compensate for the harmonic voltage included in the rectangular voltage pulse train. As a result, the proposed grid‐connection inverter makes it possible to reduce both switching loss and common mode voltage. Experimental results obtained by a 1‐kW single‐phase inverter demonstrate a high efficiency of 98% without any common mode voltage. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(2): 51–60, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.22379
Synthesis and Functionalization of Triply Fused Porphyrin Dimers
Authors: Ryan Aoife A. , Senge Mathias O. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractCurrent applications of porphyrins in medicine and optics, such as photodynamic therapy or nonlinear absorption, increasingly require the use of far‐red absorbing dyes. Modification of the porphyrin structure to accommodate these conditions can be achieved by extending the conjugation of the porphyrin π system, which causes a bathochromic shift in the absorption spectrum. Thus, conjugated porphyrin oligomers have found widespread use. However, past synthetic strategies have mainly targeted symmetric porphyrin dimers, trimers, and oligomers which limit the practical use of such chromophores. To further extend the absorption profile, a series of symmetric and unsymmetric dimeric and oligomeric porphyrin β–β, meso–meso, β′–β′ triply fused systems were synthesized by oxidative coupling methods. This required an analysis and optimization of the various synthetic strategies. These arrays exhibit a dramatic bathochromic shift into the near‐infrared region and many display absorption at wavelengths greater than 1050 nm. Additionally, post‐fusing chemical transformations, namely, organolithium, cycloaddition, and transition‐metal‐catalyzed reactions, at the meso and β positions enable the fine‐tuning of such arrays to enhance the bathochromic shift and their potential optical applications.
Tautomerism in the Fused N‐Rich Tri­azolotriazole Heterocyclic System
Authors: Centore Roberto , Fusco Sandra , Capobianco Amedeo , Piccialli Vincenzo , Zaccaria Sabrina , Peluso Andrea 
Published: April 2013

AbstractTautomerism in the [1,2,4]triazolo[3,2‐c][1,2,4]triazole fused aromatic system has been investigated by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis, UV/Vis spectroscopy and theoretical calculations on selected new heterobicycle derivatives. The reactions of 3,4‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazoles with acyl chlorides or acetic anhydride in pyridine at reflux led to ring closure and the fused aromatic system was obtained as the secondary amide at N2 instead of at N5 as previously reported in the literature. For the [1,2,4]triazolo[3,2‐c][1,2,4]triazole system, three different tautomers can be present. Crystal structure analysis showed the presence of only one tautomer or, depending on the packing, a mixture of two; theoretical calculations supported this finding, predicting that for all the investigated compounds one tautomer is energetically disfavoured with respect to the other two. The electronic absorption spectra of some compounds show a marked solvent dependence, which has been interpreted, with the help of theoretical calculations, in terms of acid/base equilibria, which are critically dependent upon the substituents at the heterobicycle.
Amphiphilic Cyclic Peptoids That Exhibit Antimicrobial Activity by Disrupting Staphylococcus aureus Membranes
Authors: Huang Mia L. , Benson Meredith A. , Shin Sung Bin Y. , Torres Victor J. , Kirshenbaum Kent 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThere is a significant unmet need for new antimicrobial agents that can address antimicrobial resistance. One promising group of antimicrobials is the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their synthetic mimics. In particular, synthetic sequence‐specific oligomers of N‐substituted glycine, termed “peptoids”, have been found to show potent antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens in vitro and can act against the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. In this study, we evaluate the antimicrobial activity of cyclic peptoid oligomers against clinical isolates of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The presence of the macrocyclic constraints can enforce a globally amphiphilic organization of the peptoid side‐chains. Several of these new amphiphilic compounds show potent and selective antimicrobial activity. Electron microscopy experiments demonstrate that the peptoids target and damage the MRSA cytoplasmic membrane through the formation of pores. These results substantiate the potential of peptoids as antimicrobial therapeutic agents for the treatment of S. aureus infections.
Pillararenes: Versatile Synthetic Receptors for Supramolecular Chemistry
Authors: Ogoshi Tomoki , Yamagishi Tada‐aki 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn 2008 we reported a new class of macrocyclic hosts that we named “pillararenes”. To date, pillar[5]arenes and pillar[6]arenes, containing five and six repeating units, respectively, have been synthesized. Pillar[5]arenes and pillar[6]arenes can accommodate 10 and 12 substituent groups, respectively. The position‐selective versatile functionalization of these substituents enables the preparation of various supramolecular assemblies. Here we discuss the synthesis and selective functionalization of pillararenes. We also discuss the use of the various pillararene derivatives as components of supramolecular assemblies such as sensors, a self‐inclusion complex, supramolecular dimers, polymers, an alternating polymer consisting of pillar[5]arene and pillar[6]arene units, systems in which pillararene shuttles along an axle, rotaxanes, polyrotaxanes, and pillar[5]arene‐based bulk‐materials, as well as colloidal assembly of pillararenes, biomedical applications, and hybridization with inorganic materials.
Three‐Component Tandem‐Intramolecular Hydroamination Reactions in One Pot Involving Indoles, 2‐Aminobenzyl Alcohols, and 2‐Alkynylbenzaldehydes: Consecutive 7‐endo‐trig and Electrophilic 6‐endo‐dig Cyclizations
Authors: Samala Srinivas , Saifuddin Mohammad , Mandadapu Anil K. , Kundu Bijoy 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA one‐pot protocol for the synthesis of indole‐based annulated polyheterocycles involving consecutive 7‐endo‐trig and electrophilic 6‐endo‐dig cyclizations is described. The reaction proceeds initially through annulation of 5‐methoxyindole, 2‐amino benzyl alcohol and 2‐alkynylbenzaldehyde in a three‐component tandem manner to form benzazepino‐indole, which then undergoes a second consecutive ring closure through intramolecular hydroamination to yield isoquinolino‐benzazepino‐indoles hitherto not reported in the literature.
Schmidt hammer exposure‐age dating (SHD) of late Quaternary fluvial terraces in New Zealand
Authors: Stahl Timothy , Winkler Stefan , Quigley Mark , Bebbington Mark , Duffy Brendan , Duke Daniel 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTSchmidt hammer (SH) R‐values are reported for surface clasts from numerically dated Holocene and Pleistocene fluvial terraces in the South Island of New Zealand. The R‐values are combined with previously obtained weathering rind, radiocarbon, terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide and luminescence terrace ages to derive SH R‐value chronofunctions for greywacke clasts from four distinct locations. Our results show that different weathering rates affect the form of the SH R‐value versus Age curve, however a fundamental dependency between the two remains constant over timescales ranging from 102 to 105 years. Power law scaling constants suggest changes in clast weathering rates are primarily affected by climatic (precipitation and temperature) and sedimentologic variables (source terrane petrology). Age uncertainties of ~22% of the surface age suggest that Schmidt hammer exposure‐age dating (SHD) is a reliable calibrated‐age dating technique for fluvial terraces. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between depression and maintenance medication adherence among Medicare beneficiaries with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Qian Jingjing , Simoni‐Wastila Linda , Rattinger Gail B. , Zuckerman Ilene H. , Lehmann Susan , Wei Yu‐Jung J. , Stuart Bruce 
Published: April 2013

ObjectiveDepression is a significant comorbidity in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Although comorbid depression is associated with low use and poor adherence to medications treating other chronic conditions, evidence of the relationship between depression and COPD management is limited. This study estimated the association between depression and COPD maintenance medication (MM) adherence among patients with COPD.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used a 5% random sample of 2006–2007 Chronic Condition Warehouse data. Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in Parts A, B, and D plans with diagnosed COPD who survived through 2006 were included (n = 74,863). COPD MM adherence was measured as medication discontinuation and proportion of days covered (PDC). Depression was identified through the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. Multivariable models with modified generalized estimating equations were used to estimate adjusted association between depression diagnosis and medication adherence, controlling for sociodemographics, comorbidities, and disease severity.ResultsAmong the sample, about one third (33.6%) had diagnosed depression. More than half (61.8%) of beneficiaries with COPD filled at least one COPD MM prescription. Depressed beneficiaries had a higher likelihood of using COPD MM than non‐depressed beneficiaries (adjusted prevalence ratios [PR] = 1.02; 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.01, 1.03). Among COPD MM users, depressed beneficiaries were more likely to discontinue medications (PR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.04, 1.14) and less likely to exhibit PDC ≥ 0.80 (PR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.86, 0.92) than non‐depressed beneficiaries.ConclusionsDepression is prevalent in Medicare beneficiaries with COPD and independently associated with lower COPD MM adherence. Interventions to improve medication adherence for COPD patients may consider management of comorbidities such as depression. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural climate variability and teleconnections to precipitation over the Pacific‐North American region in CMIP3 and CMIP5 models
Authors: Polade Suraj D. , Gershunov Alexander , Cayan Daniel R. , Dettinger Michael D. , Pierce David W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNatural climate variability will continue to be an important aspect of future regional climate even in the midst of long‐term secular changes. Consequently, the ability of climate models to simulate major natural modes of variability and their teleconnections provides important context for the interpretation and use of climate change projections. Comparisons reported here indicate that the CMIP5 generation of global climate models shows significant improvements in simulations of key Pacific climate mode and their teleconnections to North America compared to earlier CMIP3 simulations. The performance of 14 models with simulations in both the CMIP3 and CMIP5 archives are assessed using singular value decomposition analysis of simulated and observed winter Pacific sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and concurrent precipitation over the contiguous United States and northwestern Mexico. Most of the models reproduce basic features of the key natural mode and their teleconnections, albeit with notable regional deviations from observations in both SST and precipitation. Increasing horizontal resolution in the CMIP5 simulations is an important, but not a necessary, factor in the improvement from CMIP3 to CMIP5.
SIMULATION OF SOIL WATER AND SALINITY DISTRIBUTION UNDER SURFACE DRIP IRRIGATION
Authors: Selim Tarek , Berndtsson Ronny , Persson Magnus 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTHigher crop production and better water use efficiency are usually achieved with surface drip irrigation as compared to traditional surface irrigation methods. Increasing competition for fresh water also means a greater use of brackish water in agriculture. For this reason, the effects of soil hydraulic properties, initial soil moisture content (θi), and irrigation regime on soil water and salinity distribution under surface drip irrigation (DI) with brackish irrigation water were investigated. Model simulations were performed using the HYDRUS‐2D/3D model assuming tomato crop in saline soil. Simulation scenarios were conducted including sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam soils, together with daily and alternate‐day irrigation regimes. Two θi values were considered in the simulations. Results revealed that the effect of the irrigation regime on wetting patterns differed according to the soil's hydraulic properties, while the effect of the initial soil moisture content disappeared after a few days. The irrigation regime and θi value did not display any significant effect on soil salinity distribution. Higher soil salinity occurred along the soil surface by the end of the simulation period. The higher soil salinity was more close to the emitter in sand as compared to loamy sand and sandy loam. Water balance calculations showed that as the initial soil moisture content increased, the free drainage component increased. However, the irrigation regime and initial soil moisture content did not affect the evaporation rate and root water uptake rate. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative molecular characterization of aluminum hydroxy‐gels derived from chloride and sulphate salts
Authors: Leetmaa Karl , Gomez Mario A. , Becze Levente , Guo Fuqiang , Demopoulos George P. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundAluminum (III) hydroxy‐gels find important applications in areas such as paint pigments, pharmaceuticals and water treatment or toxic metal sequestration. Since the method of preparation may affect their properties and performance, in this work we prepare aluminum hydroxy‐gels from either chloride or sulphate salts and subject them to comparative characterization.ResultsAluminum (III) hydroxy‐gels were produced by partial quick neutralization of 2 mol L−1 AlCl3 or Al(SO4)1.5 salt solutions with 5 N NaOH at room temperature. The gels were found, following ageing and water washing, to consist of 60–70 wt% Al(OH)3, 5–18 wt% Cl or SO4 and ∼20 wt% water. Both gel materials upon drying were seen to be highly porous formed from aggregates of very fine particles nucleated during the fast neutralization process. The Al(SO4)1.5‐derived gel was found to differ significantly from the AlCl3‐derived gel both in terms of surface area (38 m2 g−1 vs. 18 m2 g−1) and chemical features. The aluminum chloride gel material is probably composed of chains of aluminum octahedra (Aln(OH)2.5Cl0.5n(H2O)3n) while the aluminum sulphate gel of SO4‐stabilized Keggin Al13 structure: AlO4Al12(OH)24(SO4)3.5(H2O)12.ConclusionThe distinct molecular structure of the aluminum sulphate‐derived gel may provide an effective matrix for hazardous metal containment. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
The importance of current distribution and cell hydrodynamic analysis for the design of electrocoagulation reactors
Authors: Vázquez Armando , Nava José Luis , Cruz Roel , Lázaro Isabel , Rodríguez Israel 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe effects of current distribution and cell hydrodynamics on the performance of an electrocoagulation (EC) reactor were studied. This analysis only considered the distributions of primary potential and current density. The hydrodynamic behavior was analyzed by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using a turbulent model (k–ϵ). For this study, only the fluid movement between electrodes was taken into account.RESULTSThe analysis of current distribution showed the effects of cell geometry and electrode configuration on both the potential and current distributions on the anodes. Insulators placed at the edges of the electrodes produced border effects on the potential values that favored a secondary reaction and diminished the formation of aluminum clots. The CFD analysis indicated that the cell geometry arrangement generates low velocity profiles between the electrodes. From the experimental evaluation, it was observed that EC performance was improved when uniform potential and current densities were achieved with low flow velocity profiles.CONCLUSIONSAnalysis of the hydrodynamic behavior showed the impact of different hydrodynamic phenomena on both the formation of clots and the removal of the sludge formed. Likewise, it was confirmed that in optimizing energy consumption, an analysis of current distribution is a very useful tool for evaluating the arrangement of electrodes and the cell geometry.