bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socialism and Political Identity: Eugène Fournière and Intellectual Militancy in the Third Republic
Authors: Wright Julian 
Published: August 2013

The French socialist movement developed out of an eclectic mixture of ideas and militant groupings in the late nineteenth century. As party unity developed, many theoretical positions were sidelined. The strand of thinking exemplified by the working-class journalist Eugène Fournière, an advanced form of economic federalism that drew on the writings of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, found it difficult to identify itself clearly in twentieth-century socialism; yet this strand has remained a source of fruitful discussion. This article attempts to unpack the relationship between the intellectual history of these forms of socialism and the issues of political identity faced by militants who were attempting to forge a clear identity. Using Fournière as a case study, this article suggests that a fresh examination of the political culture of the socialist movement will give a stronger basis for understanding how dissidence and libertarianism have been vital elements in French socialism.
Le mouvement socialiste français s’est développé au sein d’une nébuleuse d’idées et de groupements militants à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle. Dès l’achèvement du parti socialiste unifié (1905), plusieurs des courants théoriques qui avaient joué un role important ont été écartés dans l’intérêt général du parti. Le journaliste ouvrier Eugène Fournière prônait un fédéralisme économique inspiré des théories de Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, mais ce courant était difficile à reconnaître dans le nouveau contexte du monde socialiste. Cependant, ce courant est demeuré un important lieu de débat idéologique au vingtième siècle, surtout quand l’orthodoxie du parti a été la cible d’attaques provenant de la gauche libertaire. L’article analyse les relations entre l’histoire intellectuelle de ces socialismes et les problèmes d’identité politique éprouvés par les militants. Le cas Fournière est analysé pour mieux comprendre pourquoi le mouvement socialiste éprouve autant de difficultés à assimiler ses propres traditions socialistes. L’article suggère une nouvelle perspective sur la culture politique du mouvement socialiste pour mieux comprendre les façons dont la dissidence et le questionnement libertaire ont fonctionné comme un élément central de l’activité et de la pensée militante du socialisme en France.
Fluid motion mediates biochemical composition and physiological aspects in the green alga Dunaliella primolecta Butcher
Authors: Chengala Anwar , Hondzo Miki , Mashek Douglas G. 
Published: August 2013

Lay AbstractExperiments were conducted in a laboratory bioreactor to study the effect of small‐scale fluid motion on the composition of some key biochemical compounds and physiological processes of the microalga Dunaliella primolecta Butcher. The bioreactor with submersible speakers generated nearly homogeneous and isotropic turbulence. Fluid flow was the only systematically controlled experimental variable, with other environmental conditions, including light intensity, temperature, initial salinity, and nutrient concentration, nearly similar during the experimental measurements. The growth, protein, and fatty acid accumulation of D. primolecta were enhanced by the moving fluid flow in the bioreactor. Conversely, no significant increases in these variables were observed under stagnant fluid conditions. The results could have important implications for the design and operation of natural and engineered bioreactors under specified fluid flow conditions for efficient bioenergy production from microalgae.
Functional coupling between large-conductance potassium channels and Cav3.2 voltage-dependent calcium channels participates in prostate cancer cell growth
Authors: Gackière Florian , Warnier Marine , Katsogiannou Maria , Derouiche Sandra , Delcourt Philippe , Dewailly Etienne , Slomianny Christian , Humez Sandrine , Prevarskaya Natalia , Roudbaraki Morad , Mariot Pascal 
Published: August 2013

Summary
It is strongly suspected that potassium (K+) channels are involved in various aspects of prostate cancer development, such as cell growth. However, the molecular nature of those K+ channels implicated in prostate cancer cell proliferation and the mechanisms through which they control proliferation are still unknown. This study uses pharmacological, biophysical and molecular approaches to show that the main voltage-dependent K+ current in prostate cancer LNCaP cells is carried by large-conductance BK channels. Indeed, most of the voltage-dependent current was inhibited by inhibitors of BK channels (paxillin and iberiotoxin) and by siRNA targeting BK channels. In addition, we reveal that BK channels constitute the main K+ channel family involved in setting the resting membrane potential in LNCaP cells at around −40 mV. This consequently promotes a constitutive calcium entry through T-type Cav3.2 calcium channels. We demonstrate, using single-channel recording, confocal imaging and co-immunoprecipitation approaches, that both channels form macromolecular complexes. Finally, using flow cytometry cell cycle measurements, cell survival assays and Ki67 immunofluorescent staining, we show that both BK and Cav3.2 channels participate in the proliferation of prostate cancer cells.
Biomechanics and energetics of walking on uneven terrain
Authors: Voloshina Alexandra S. , Kuo Arthur D. , Daley Monica A , Ferris Daniel P. 
Published: August 2013

Summary
Walking on uneven terrain is more energetically costly than walking on smooth ground, but the biomechanical factors that contribute to this increase are unknown. To identify possible factors, we constructed an uneven terrain treadmill that allowed us to record biomechanical, electromyographic, and metabolic energetics data from human subjects. We hypothesized that walking on uneven terrain would increase step width and length variability, joint mechanical work, and muscle co-activation compared to walking on smooth terrain. We tested healthy subjects (N=11) walking at 1.0 m/s, and found that, when walking on uneven terrain with up to 2.5 cm variation, subjects decreased their step length by 4% and did not significantly change their step width, while both step length and width variability increased significantly (22% and 36%, respectively; p&lt;0.05). Uneven terrain walking caused a 28% and 62% increase in positive knee and hip work, and a 26% greater magnitude of negative knee work (0.0106, 0.1078, and 0.0425 J/kg, respectively; p&lt;0.05). Mean muscle activity increased in seven muscles in the lower leg and thigh (p&lt;0.05). These changes caused overall net metabolic energy expenditure to increase by 0.73 W/kg (28%; p&lt;0.0001). Much of that increase could be explained by the increased mechanical work observed at the knee and hip. Greater muscle co-activation could also contribute to increased energetic cost but to unknown degree. The findings provide insight into how lower limb muscles are used differently for natural terrain compared to laboratory conditions.
RNA-Seq reveals early distinctions and late convergence of gene expression between diapause and quiescence in the Asian tiger mosquito,Aedes albopictus
Authors: Poelchau Monica F. , Reynolds Julie A. , Elsik Christine G. , Denlinger David L. , Armbruster Peter A. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryDormancy is a critical adaptation allowing insects to withstand harsh environmental conditions. The pre-programmed developmental arrest of diapause is a form of dormancy that is distinct from quiescence, in which development arrests in immediate response to hardship. Much progress has been made in understanding the environmental and hormonal controls of diapause. However, studies identifying transcriptional changes unique to diapause, rather than quiescence, are lacking, making it difficult to disentangle the transcriptional profiles of diapause from dormancy in general. The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, presents an ideal model for such a study, as diapausing and quiescent eggs can be staged and collected for global gene expression profiling using a newly developed transcriptome. Here, we use RNA-Seq to contrast gene expression during diapause with quiescence to identify transcriptional changes specific to the diapause response. We identify global trends in gene expression that show gradual convergence of diapause gene expression upon gene expression during quiescence. Functionally, early diapause Ae. albopictus show strong expression differences of genes involved in metabolism, which diminish over time. Of these, only expression of lipid metabolism genes remained distinct in late diapause. We identify several genes putatively related to hormonal control of development that are persistently differentially expressed throughout diapause, suggesting these might be involved in the maintenance of diapause. Our results identify key biological differences between diapausing and quiescent pharate larvae, and suggest candidate pathways for studying metabolism and the hormonal control of development during diapause in other species.
The spatiotemporal dynamics of rheotactic behavior depends on flow speed and available sensory information
Authors: Bak-Coleman Joseph , Court Autumn , Paley Derek A. , Coombs Sheryl 
Published: August 2013

Summary
Rheotaxis is a robust, multisensory behavior with many potential benefits for fish and other aquatic organisms. Visual (optic flow) cues appear to be sufficient for rheotaxis, but other sensory cues can clearly compensate for the loss of vision. Nevertheless, the nature of multisensory interactions and the relative contributions of different senses under varying conditions are poorly understood — largely because there is so little description of the actual behavior. Here we examine the effects of different flow speeds and different sensory conditions on the spatiotemporal dynamics of rheotaxis. Although the overall ability of giant danio (Devario aequipinnatus) to head upstream is largely unaffected by either unimodal or bimodal deprivation of visual and/or lateral line senses, the spatiotemporal form of the behavior is altered in subtle ways. When deprived of vision, fish move further upstream, but the angular accuracy of the upstream heading is reduced. In addition, visually-deprived fish exhibit left/right sweeping movements near the upstream barrier at low flow speeds. Sweeping movements are abolished when these fish are additionally deprived of lateral line information. These results indicate that fish adopt different sensorimotor strategies to compensate for the loss of one or more senses and that the nature of multisensory interactions is a complex function of flow speed.
Cost, effectiveness and environmental relevance of multidrug transporters in sea urchin embryos
Authors: Cole Bryan J. , Hamdoun Amro , Epel David 
Published: August 2013

Summary
ATP Binding Cassette transporters protect cells via efflux of xenobiotics and endogenous byproducts of detoxification. While the cost of this ATP-dependent extrusion is known at the molecular level, i.e. the ATP used for each efflux event, the overall cost to a cell or organism of operating this defense is unclear, especially as the cost of efflux changes depending on environmental conditions. During prolonged exposure to xenobiotics, multidrug transporter activity could be costly and ineffective because effluxed substrate molecules are not modified in the process and could thus undergo repeated cycles of efflux and re-entry. Here we use embryos of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, as a model to determine transport costs and benefits under environmentally relevant xenobiotic concentrations. Strikingly, our results show that efflux transporter activity costs less than 0.2% of total ATP usage, as a proportion of oxygen consumption. The benefits of transport, defined as the reduction in substrate accumulation due to transporter activity, depended largely, but not entirely, on the rate of passive flux of each substrate across the plasma membrane. One of the substrates tested exhibited rapid membrane permeation coupled with high rates of efflux, thus inducing rapid and futile cycles of efflux followed by re-entry of the substrate. This combination significantly reduced transporter effectiveness as a defense and increased costs even at relatively low substrate concentrations. Despite these effects with certain substrates, our results show that efflux transporters are a remarkably effective and low-cost first line of defense against exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of xenobiotics.
Experimental relationships between levels of corticosterone in plasma and feathers in a free-living bird
Authors: Fairhurst Graham D. , Marchant Tracy A. , Soos Catherine , Machin Karen L. , Clark Robert G. 
Published: August 2013

Summary
Integrated measures of corticosterone (CORT), such as from feathers (CORTf), have intuitive appeal because they incorporate both the duration and amplitude of glucocorticoid secretion. An association between CORTf and plasma CORT has never been shown in wild birds, and it is unclear as to when and if these measures should be correlated, given that they are fundamentally different yet related measures of physiology. We hypothesized that CORTf should correlate with instantaneous measurements of plasma CORT when the latter reflect sustained changes in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. To test this, we experimentally manipulated levels of plasma CORT in wild nestling tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor) using 5-day time-release CORT pellets, and measured plasma CORT and growth parameters before, during, and at the end of hormone manipulation (days 7, 9, and 11 post-hatch, respectively). CORTf and plasma CORT were significantly positively related only when the latter was at its highest and most variable among individuals (day 9). A similar relationship was expected at day 11, but plasma CORT had returned to near original levels. Nestlings with higher CORTf were smaller, lighter, and less likely to fledge, but we did not detect seasonal effects on CORTf. Our results clearly demonstrate that CORTf from free-living birds can reflect plasma CORT, but correlations may not always be expected, especially if elevations in plasma CORT are relatively modest and of short duration. Our work suggests that CORTf is best used to study activity of the HPA axis over relatively long time frames and can be used effectively to advance avian ecology.
Discovery of a novel neurophysin-associated neuropeptide that triggers cardiac stomach contraction and retraction in starfish
Authors: Semmens Dean C. , Dane Robyn E. , Pancholi Mahesh R. , Slade Susan E. , Scrivens James H. , Elphick Maurice R. 
Published: August 2013

Summary
Feeding in starfish is a remarkable process in which the cardiac stomach is everted over prey and then retracted when prey tissue has been resorbed. Previous studies have revealed that SALMFamide-type neuropeptides trigger cardiac stomach relaxation and eversion in the starfish Asterias rubens. We hypothesised, therefore, that a counteracting neuropeptide system controls cardiac stomach contraction and retraction. Members of the NG peptide family cause muscle contraction in other echinoderms (e.g. NGFFFamide in sea urchins and NGIWYamide in sea cucumbers), so we investigated NG peptides as candidate regulators of cardiac stomach retraction in starfish. Generation and analysis of neural transcriptome sequence data from Asterias rubens revealed a precursor protein comprising two copies of a novel NG peptide, NGFFYamide, which was confirmed by mass spectrometry. A noteworthy feature of the NGFFYamide precursor is a C-terminal neurophysin domain, indicative of a common ancestry with vasopressin/oxytocin-type neuropeptide precursors. Interestingly, in precursors of other NG peptides the neurophysin domain has been retained (e.g. NGFFFamide) or lost (e.g. NGIWYamide and human neuropeptide S) and its functional significance remains to be determined. Investigation of the pharmacological actions of NGFFYamide in starfish revealed that it is a potent stimulator of cardiac stomach contraction in vitro and that it triggers cardiac stomach retraction in vivo. Thus, discovery of NGFFYamide provides a novel insight on neural regulation of cardiac stomach retraction as well as a rationale for chemically based strategies to control starfish that feed on economically important shellfish (e.g. mussels) or protected marine fauna (e.g. coral).
The simple ears of noctuoid moths are tuned to the calls of their sympatric bat community
Authors: ter Hofstede Hannah M. , Goerlitz Holger R. , Ratcliffe John M. , Holderied Marc W. , Surlykke Annemarie 
Published: August 2013

SummaryInsects with bat-detecting ears are ideal animals for investigating sensory system adaptations to predator cues. Noctuid moths have two auditory receptors (A1 and A2) sensitive to the ultrasonic echolocation calls of insectivorous bats. Larger moths are detected at greater distances by bats than smaller moths. Larger moths also have lower A1 best thresholds, allowing them to detect bats at greater distances and possibly compensating for their increased conspicuousness. Interestingly, the sound frequency at the lowest threshold is lower in larger than smaller moths, suggesting that the relationship between threshold and size might vary across frequencies used by different bat species. Here, we demonstrate that the relationships between threshold and size in moths were only significant at some frequencies, and these frequencies differed between three locations (UK, Canada, Denmark). The relationships were more likely to be significant at call frequencies used by proportionately more bat species in the moths’ specific bat community, suggesting an association between the tuning of moth ears and the cues provided by sympatric predators. Additionally, we found that the best threshold and best frequency of the less sensitive A2 receptor are also related to size, and that these relationships hold when controlling for evolutionary relationships. The slopes of best threshold vs. size differ, however, such that the difference in threshold between A1 and A2 is greater for larger than smaller moths. The shorter time from A1 to A2 excitation in smaller than larger moths could potentially compensate for shorter absolute detection distances in smaller moths.
Context-Dependent Preferences and Innovation Strategy
Authors: Chen Yuxin , Turut Özge 
Published: August 2013

Disruptive innovations introduce a new performance dimension into a product category, but often suffer from inferior performance on key performance dimensions of their existing substitutes. Hence, the followers of these innovations face an important decision to make: they must choose to improve the new technology either on the key performance dimension shared with the old technology or on the new performance dimension. This paper investigates which path firms should choose when they face such a dilemma in the absence of any cost or capability issues. In doing so, we integrate customer response into the theory of technological evolution and allow preferences on the product choices to be context dependent. We show that context-dependent preferences may encourage the follower to improve the new technology on the new performance dimension. Later, we extend our game to a dynamic one and show that the context-dependent preferences may cause the pioneer to innovate less. This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
Uncertainty, Risk, and Incentives: Theory and Evidence
Authors: He Zhiguo , Li Si , Wei Bin , Yu Jianfeng 
Published: August 2013

Uncertainty has qualitatively different implications than risk in studying executive incentives. We study the interplay between profitability uncertainty and moral hazard, where profitability is multiplicative with managerial effort. Investors who face greater uncertainty desire faster learning, and consequently offer higher managerial incentives to induce higher effort from the manager. In contrast to the standard negative risk-incentive trade-off, this “learning-by-doing” effect generates a positive relation between profitability uncertainty and incentives. We document empirical support for this prediction. This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Peri-acetabular bone mineral density in total hip replacement
Authors: Gauthier L. , Dinh L. , Beaulé P. E. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo quantify and compare peri-acetabular bone mineral density (BMD) between a monoblock acetabular component using a metal-on-metal (MoM) bearing and a modular titanium shell with a polyethylene (PE) insert. The secondary outcome was to measure patient-reported clinical function.MethodsA total of 50 patients (25 per group) were randomised to MoM or metal-on-polyethlene (MoP). There were 27 women (11 MoM) and 23 men (14 MoM) with a mean age of 61.6 years (47.7 to 73.2). Measurements of peri-prosthetic acetabular and contralateral hip (covariate) BMD were performed at baseline and at one and two years’ follow-up. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC), University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity score, Harris hip score, and RAND-36 were also completed at these intervals.ResultsAt two years, only zone 1 showed a loss in BMD (-2.5%) in MoM group compared with a gain in the MoP group (+2.2%). Zone 2 showed loss in both groups (-2.2% for MoM; -3.9% for MoP) and zones 3 and 4 a gain in both groups (+0.1% for MoM; +3.3% for MoP). No other between-group differences were detected. When adjusting for BMD of the contralateral hip, no differences in BMD were observed. The only significant differences in functional scores at two years were higher UCLA activity (7.3 (sd 1.2) vs 6.1 (sd 1.5); p = 0.01) and RAND-36 physical function (82.1 (sd 13.0) vs 64.5 (sd 26.4); p = 0.02) for MoM bearings versus MoP. One revision was performed in the MoM group, for aseptic acetabular loosening at 11 months.ConclusionsWhen controlling for systemic BMD, there were no significant differences between MoM and MoP groups in peri-acetabular BMD. However, increasing reports of adverse tissue reactions with large head MoM THR have restricted the use of the monoblock acetabular component to resurfacing only.
‘The Tower and the Quest’: A storytelling space for avatars
Authors: Ayiter Elif , Dahslveen Heidi 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
In this article, we discuss a project that was co-authored by a storyteller and a visual artist in the metaverse of Second Life in 2009. The aim of the project was to create a storytelling space that would be used by its visitors to create their own unique narratives, as well as their own original performances, all of which would take their trajectories by being immersed in a virtual architecture/landscape, through avatar costumes and a substantial library of dramatic poses and animations that were put at their disposal by the authors at the location of the event. The project wove together several concepts: these are Roy Ascott’s tenets of ‘distributed authorship’ and ‘participatory poesis’, which were brought together with a term that was coined by Axel Bruns to describe novel collaborative electronic forms of creative output in which the roles of the ‘user’ and the ‘producer’ have become merged, manifesting as a novel type of online behaviour that the author defines as ‘Produsage’. These primary concepts were substantiated by research that combined the fields of performance art, storytelling, memory arts and the usage of mnemonic devices, including the Renaissance notion of the ‘memory theatre’ with Cyberpsychology, particularly in relation to avatar studies.