bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Arabidopsis Class II Formin, AtFH19, Nucleates Actin Assembly, Binds to the Barbed End of Actin Filaments, and Antagonizes the Effect of AtFH1 on Actin DynamicsF
Authors: Zheng Yiyan , Xin Haibo , Lin Jinxing , Liu Chun‐Ming , Huang Shanjin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFormin is a major protein responsible for regulating the nucleation of actin filaments, and as such, it permits the cell to control where and when to assemble actin arrays. It is encoded by a multigene family comprising 21 members in Arabidopsis thaliana. The Arabidopsis formins can be separated into two phylogenetically‐distinct classes: there are 11 class I formins and 10 class II formins. Significant questions remain unanswered regarding the molecular mechanism of actin nucleation and elongation stimulated by each formin isovariant, and how the different isovariants coordinate to regulate actin dynamics in cells. Here, we characterize a class II formin, AtFH19, biochemically. We found that AtFH19 retains all general properties of the formin family, including nucleation and barbed end capping activity. It can also generate actin filaments from a pool of actin monomers bound to profilin. However, both the nucleation and barbed end capping activities of AtFH19 are less efficient compared to those of another well‐characterized formin, AtFH1. Interestingly, AtFH19 FH1FH2 competes with AtFH1 FH1FH2 in binding actin filament barbed ends, and inhibits the effect of AtFH1 FH1FH2 on actin. We thus propose a mechanism in which two quantitatively different formins coordinate to regulate actin dynamics by competing for actin filament barbed ends.
A significant role of sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac contraction of a basal vertebrate, the river lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis)
Authors: Vornanen M. , Haverinen J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimCardiac contraction and relaxation are mediated by rapidly changing calcium concentration around the myofibrils. In comparison with endotherms, ectothermic hearts are more strongly dependent on extracellular calcium for contraction suggesting this trait might represent the primitive vertebrate mode of cardiac activation. This study tests the hypothesis that intracellular calcium stores play a minor role in cardiac excitation–contraction coupling of a basal vertebrate, the lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis).MethodsContribution of sarcoplasmic reticulum to cardiac calcium management was examined by measuring the ryanodine sensitivity of contraction, determining the number of cardiac ryanodine receptors and their calcium sensitivity, assessing the size of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium stores in enzymatically isolated cardiac myocytes and qualitative electron microscopic observations of sarcoplasmic reticulum in cardiac muscle.ResultsAn extensive network of nonjunctional sarcoplasmic reticulum around myofibrils and numerous junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum couplings at the periphery of the myocytes was present in atrial and ventricular muscle of the lamprey heart. High numbers of ryanodine receptors were present in atrial (0.16 ± 0.04 nmol mg−1 prot) and ventricular membranes (0.27 ± 0.03) (P < 0.01), and 10 μm ryanodine inhibited large part of contraction force in atrial (37.8 ± 5.7%) and ventricular (49.2 ± 6.5%) muscle.ConclusionSarcoplasmic reticulum is well developed in the lamprey heart and plays a significant role in cardiac calcium management. This suggests that in the common ancestor of vertebrates, cardiac excitation–contraction coupling could have been fairly strongly dependent on sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium stores. Functionally, this trait might be associated with high cardiac output and active predatory lifestyle of the lamprey.
Gas Permeability and Thermal Behavior of Polypropylene Films Used for Packaging Minimally Processed Fresh‐Cut Potatoes: A Case Study
Authors: Siracusa Valentina , Blanco Ignazio , Romani Santina , Tylewicz Urszula , Dalla Rosa Marco 
Published: September 2012

Abstract:  This work reports an experimental study on the permeability and thermal behavior of commercial polypropylene (PP) film used for fresh‐cut potatoes packaging. The permeability was tested using oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, mix of these 3 gases, normally used for modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and Air, to understand if it would be possible to extend the shelf life of this food product designed for the catering field in respect to the packaging behavior. The temperature influence on permeability data, from 5 to 40 °C, was analyzed, before and after 4, 8, 12, 15, and 20 d of food contact, pointing out the dependence between temperature and gas transmission rate (GTR), solubility (S), diffusion coefficient (D), and time lag (tL) parameters. The activation energies (E) of the permeation process were determined with the different gases used in the experiments. The thermal behavior of PP film was studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) to well understand its thermal stability. Fourier transformed‐infrared with attenuated total reflectance (FT‐IR/ATR) spectroscopy was also performed in order to study the influence of the food contact on the chemical characteristics of the polymer film. The results obtained were discussed and compared each other. Studied samples showed, for all investigated gases, an increase of gas permeability and S values at higher temperature. Heat resistance classification among the sample as it is and stored in modified atmospheres was made. Finally all performed experiments have showed good polymer stability for the shelf‐life storage potatoes under study.Practical Application:  Study of packaging material was performed in a range of temperature, which can simulate the service condition to assess the suitability of a commercial polymer film for modified atmosphere packaging of fresh‐cut potatoes minimally processed designed for catering purpose.
Integrated approach to outpatient dental treatment of a patient with cerebral palsy: a case report
Authors: Katz Cintia Regina Tornisiello 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe large number of oral manifestations associated with motor disorders in patients with cerebral palsy (CP) makes the dentist an indispensable member of the multidisciplinary team caring for this population. This case report presents an 11‐year‐old girl with spastic CP who had severe motor impairment, and a description of her care illustrates the importance of integrated care for patients with CP who are receiving outpatient dental treatment. It was determined that the use of adaptations based on knowledge of CP supported the outpatient dental treatment. The integrated approach used during dental treatment enabled the application of knowledge from the fields of dentistry, physical therapy, and speech therapy to provide for a better quality of life for the patient and, consequently, the caregiver through the improvement in the patient's oral and general health.
Oral health findings in athletes with intellectual disabilities at the NYC Special Olympics
Authors: Fernandez Jill B. , Lim Lily J. , Dougherty Nancy , LaSasso Jennifer , Atar Michael , Daronch Marcia 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis study collected data to describe the oral health in Special Olympics athletes with intellectual disabilities from New York City, using the standardized Special Olympics, Special Smiles protocol.A total of 664 self‐selected athletes with intellectual disabilities were screened between 2005 and 2008. A standardized form was used for data collection. Screenings were performed using available light or flashlight, tongue depressor, and disposable mirror. Oral hygiene, reports of oral pain, untreated caries, missing and filled teeth were recorded. The majority of the athletes were 20 years of age or older (52%). Of the examined athletes, 9% reported oral pain, 8% needed urgent care, 28% had untreated caries, 60% had filled teeth, and 32% had signs of gingival disease. Mouthguards were recommended for 26% of athletes.Our findings offer an initial evaluation of the oral health of Special Olympics athletes with intellectual disabilities in New York City. Results showed high preventive and restorative oral health needs in the Special Olympics population.
Knowledge and practice of behavioral management principles among dentists treating adults with learning disabilities
Authors: Humza Bin Saeed M. , Daly Blánaid , Newton J. T. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis study investigated U.K. dentists’ knowledge and practice of behavioral management principles (BMPs) as applied to adults with learning disabilities (AWLD).A postal questionnaire enquired into the dentists’ experience in managing AWLD, utilization of behavioral management techniques, and knowledge of BMPs. The response rate was 41% (N = 53). Two groups were investigated: specialists (dentists registered on the Special Care Dentistry specialists’ list, n = 37) and nonspecialists (dentists not on the list, n = 16).Although specialists treated more AWLD than nonspecialists, both groups of dentists reported they felt highly confident in managing AWLD. However, all dentists’ knowledge of the principles of nonpharmacological BMPs was low. Specialists had a tendency to use a greater range of nonpharmacological behavioral management techniques compared to non‐specialists.These results suggest that dental team members need more training in the theory and practice of BMPs, which might lead to less reliance on costly pharmacological interventions and a clinical experience that is more respectful of the dignity and independence of AWLD.
Dental injuries and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children
Authors: Altun Ceyhan , Guven Gunseli , Akgun Ozlem Marti , Acikel Cengizhan 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and traumatic dental injuries in children. A total of 194 children aged 7–15 years participated in this study. Fifty‐seven traumatic injuries to permanent teeth were observed in 33 children. Although a statistically significant difference was not found (p= .848), the rate of incidence was higher in the group with ADHD (17.5%) than in the control group (16.5%). The maxillary right central incisors accounted for nearly half of all injured teeth, while the maxillary central incisors represented the most frequently injured teeth. Enamel fracture was the most common type of dental injury observed. The incidence of enamel fracture was higher in the control group (66.7%) than in the subjects with ADHD (43.3%). There was a significant association between the occurrence of traumatic dental injury and the presence of an overjet greater than 3 mm (p= .020).
Recovering the personal identity of an elderly patient with cleft lip: a case report
Authors: Khalil Wissem , da Silva Henrique Laboissière , Serafim Kátia Tavares , Volpato Luiz Evaristo Ricci , Casela Luiz Fernando Passos , Aranha Andreza Maria Fábio 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTInstances of unoperated cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) in adult or elderly patients are still seen in developing countries. This paper presents the multidisciplinary management and the personal identity revival of a 72‐year‐old patient with unoperated unilateral complete cleft lip. The facial deformity was characterized by a protrusion of the excess of orbicularis oris muscle, irregularities of the upper lip, nose distortion, and septum deviation to the cleft side. The patient was edentulous with the maxillary alveolar ridge collapsed and an associated fistula. The cleft lip was repaired using the Tennison–Randall technique and complete dentures were delivered after the oroantral fistula had been closed. The patient was very pleased with the improvement in speech and eating and she approved of her facial esthetics. The existence of unoperated oral clefts in the elderly population highlights the need to improve policies in treating patients with CLP, mainly in developing countries.
Complementary and alternative medicine usage by patients of a dental school clinic
Authors: Spector Michael L. , Fischer Mark , Dawson Deborah V. , Holmes David C. , Kummet Colleen , Nisly Nicole L. , Baker Karen A. K. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTThis pilot study investigated the prevalence and specific reasons for usage of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among patients of a dental school clinic. Four hundred and two patients completed a 30‐page survey on CAM usage. A higher rate of CAM usage was found in this dental school clinic population than rates previously reported in a general population. More than three‐quarters (76.1%) of the respondents reported using at least one CAM treatment in the past 12 months; 93.3% reported using at least one CAM treatment at some time in their lives. High rates of chiropractic use were found in this population. Tooth pain was the most frequently reported dental condition motivating CAM use. About 10% of dental school clinic patients use topical oral herbal and/or natural products to treat dental conditions, most frequently for preventive/oral health reasons or for tooth pain.
Venereal Shedding of Equid Herpesvirus‐1 (EHV‐1) in Naturally Infected Stallions
Authors: Walter J. , Balzer H.‐J. , Seeh C. , Fey K. , Bleul U. , Osterrieder N. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundEquid herpesvirus 1 (EHV‐1) is a highly prevalent pathogen in horse populations worldwide. Oronasal infection represents the classic route of disease transmission. Venereal shedding of EHV‐1 is not regarded relevant in terms of virus spreading, which is in contrast to the close relatives of EHV‐1, bovine and suid alphaherpesvirus, for which artificial insemination is a well‐documented and accepted means of virus spread.ObjectivesDocumentation of venereal EHV‐1 shedding in 3 naturally infected stallions.AnimalsThree stallions were infected during an acute outbreak by an EHV‐1 strain with the G2254/D752 Pol genotype.MethodsIn this observational study, 12 semen samples from these 3 stallions were tested for EHV‐1 to determine venereal shedding. EHV‐1 was diagnosed by conventional PCR and paired serum neutralization tests in 42 horses. Semen samples were separated into sperm and seminal plasma fractions and tested for EHV‐1 by conventional and quantitative PCR as well as virus isolation by cell culture.ResultsAcute EHV‐1 infection was diagnosed on the premise. Five semen samples collected from 2 of the 3 stallions tested positive for EHV‐1 by (q)PCR. On days 18 and 20 after onset of fever, the last positive samples were retrieved. All samples were positive in seminal plasma, only three in sperm fraction. Virus isolation attempts were unsuccessful.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceThe data presented here document shedding of EHV‐1 in semen of naturally infected stallions for close to 3 weeks, which seems not to be directly associated with spermatozoa.
NEWTON AND KANT: QUANTITY OF MATTER IN THE METAPHYSICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NATURAL SCIENCE
Authors: FRIEDMAN MICHAEL 
Published: September 2012

abstractImmanuel Kant's Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science (1786) provides metaphysical foundations for the application of mathematics to empirically given nature. The application that Kant primarily has in mind is that achieved in Isaac Newton's Principia (1687). Thus, Kant's first chapter, the Phoronomy, concerns the mathematization of speed or velocity, and his fourth chapter, the Phenomenology, concerns the empirical application of the Newtonian notions of true or absolute space, time, and motion. This paper concentrates on Kant's second and third chapters—the Dynamics and the Mechanics, respectively—and argues that they are best read as providing a transcendental explanation of the conditions for the possibility of applying the (mathematical) concept of quantity of matter to experience. Kant again has in mind the empirical measures of this quantity that Newton fashions in the Principia, and he aims to make clear, in particular, how Newton achieves a universal measure for all bodies whatsoever by projecting the static quantity of terrestrial weight into the heavens by means of the theory of universal gravitation. Kant is not attempting to prove a priori what Newton has established empirically but, rather, to clarify the character of Newton's mathematization by building Newton's empirical measures into the very concept of matter that is articulated in the Metaphysical Foundations.
NEWTON AND THE MECHANICAL PHILOSOPHY: GRAVITATION AS THE BALANCE OF THE HEAVENS
Authors: MACHAMER PETER , MCGUIRE J. E. , KOCHIRAS HYLARIE 
Published: September 2012

abstractWe argue that Isaac Newton really is best understood as being in the tradition of the Mechanical Philosophy and, further, that Newton saw himself as being in this tradition. But the tradition as Newton understands it is not that of Robert Boyle and many others, for whom the Mechanical Philosophy was defined by contact action and a corpuscularean theory of matter. Instead, as we argue in this paper, Newton interpreted and extended the Mechanical Philosophy's slogan “matter and motion” in reference to the long and distinguished tradition of mixed mathematics and the study of simple machines.
NEWTON AND PROCLUS: GEOMETRY, IMAGINATION, AND KNOWING SPACE
Authors: DOMSKI MARY 
Published: September 2012

abstractI aim to clarify the argument for space that Newton presents inDe Gravitatione(composed prior to 1687) by putting Newton's remarks into conversation with the account of geometrical knowledge found in Proclus'sCommentary on the First Book of Euclid'sElements (ca. 450). What I highlight is that both Newton and Proclus adopt an epistemic progression (or “order of knowing”) according to which geometrical knowledge necessarily precedes our knowledge of metaphysical truths concerning the ontological state of affairs. As I argue, Newton's commitment to this order of knowing clarifies the interplay of the imagination and understanding in geometrical inquiry and illuminates how geometrical knowledge of space can lead to knowledge that space depends on and is related to God. In general, appreciating the Proclean elements of Newton's argument brings added light to the significance of geometrical inquiry for his general natural philosophical program and grants us insight into the philosophical grounding for the notion of absolute space that is presented in thePrincipia mathematica(1687).
NEWTON AND DESCARTES: THEOLOGY AND NATURAL PHILOSOPHY
Authors: JANIAK ANDREW 
Published: September 2012

abstractScholars have long recognized that Newton regarded Descartes as his principal philosophical interlocutor when composing the first edition of Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica in 1687. The arguments in the Scholium on space and time, for instance, can profitably be interpreted as focusing on the conception of space and motion in part two of Descartes's Principles of Philosophy (1644). What is less well known, however, is that this Cartesian conception, along with Descartes's attempt to avoid Galileo's fate in 1633, serves as an essential background to understanding Newton's own (poorly understood) view of the theological implications of his theory of space and motion. In particular, after withdrawing Le Monde from publication in 1633 because of its Copernican leanings, Descartes later introduced what some regard as a “fudge factor” into the theory of motion in the Principles: from an ordinary perspective the earth does move; but from a philosophical one, it does not. This background indicates the novelty and originality of Newton's own attempt to explicate how scriptural passages concerning the motions of the heavenly bodies can be reconciled with the philosophical views he developed during the 1680s. New evidence from archival sources and correspondence supports this argument, shedding light on the Scholium and on Newton's conception of philosophy's relation to theology.
NEWTON AND HAMILTON: IN DEFENSE OF TRUTH IN ALGEBRA
Authors: FOLINA JANET 
Published: September 2012

abstractAlthough it is clear that Sir William Rowan Hamilton supported a Kantian account of algebra, I argue that there is an important sense in which Hamilton's philosophy of mathematics can be situated in the Newtonian tradition. Drawing from both Niccolo Guicciardini's (2009) and Stephen Gaukroger's (2010) readings of the Newton–Leibniz controversy over the calculus, I aim to show that the very epistemic ideals that underpin Newton's argument for the superiority of geometry over algebra also motivate Hamilton's philosophy of algebra. Namely, Hamilton's defense of algebra, like Newton's defense of geometry, is driven by the claim that a mathematical science must have a proper object and thus a basis in truth. In particular, Hamilton aims to show that algebra is not a mere language, or tool, or a mere “art”; instead, he argues, algebra is a bona fide mathematical science, like geometry, because its methods also provide true and accurate insight into a genuine subject matter, namely, the pure form of temporal intuition.
NEWTON AND SPINOZA: ON MOTION AND MATTER (AND GOD, OF COURSE)
Authors: SCHLIESSER ERIC 
Published: September 2012

abstractThis study explores several arguments against Spinoza's philosophy that were developed by Henry More, Samuel Clarke, and Colin Maclaurin. In the arguments on which I focus, More, Clarke, and Maclaurin aim to establish the existence of an immaterial and intelligent God precisely by showing that Spinoza does not have the resources to adequately explain the origin of motion. Attending to these criticisms grants us a deeper appreciation for how the authority derived from the empirical success of Newton's enterprise was used to settle debates within philosophy. What I emphasize is that in the progression from More to Clarke to Maclaurin, key Newtonian concepts from thePrincipia(1687), such as motion, atomism, and the vacuum, are introduced and exploited in order to challenge the account of matter and motion that is presented in Spinoza'sEthics(1677). Building on this treatment, I use the arguments from More and Clarke especially to help discern the anti‐Spinozism that can be detected in Newton's General Scholium (1713). Ultimately, the Newtonian criticisms that I detail offer us a more nuanced view of the problems that plague Spinoza's philosophy, and they also challenge the idea that Spinoza seamlessly fits into a progressive narrative about the scientific revolution.