bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large eddy simulation of flow over a twisted cylinder at a subcritical Reynolds number
Authors: Jung Jae Hwan , Yoon Hyun Sik 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe consider a twisted cylinder that was designed by rotating the elliptic cross-section along the spanwise direction, resulting in a passive control. The flow over the twisted cylinder is investigated at a subcritical Reynolds number (Re) of 3000 using large eddy simulation based on the finite volume method. For comparison, the flow past smooth and wavy cylinders is also calculated. The twisted cylinder achieves reductions of approximately 13 and 5 % in mean drag compared with smooth and wavy cylinders, respectively. In particular, the root mean square (r.m.s.) value of the lift fluctuation of the twisted cylinder shows a substantial decrease of approximately 96 % compared with the smooth cylinder. The shear layer of the twisted cylinder covering the recirculation region is more elongated than those of the smooth and wavy cylinders, and vortex shedding from the twisted cylinder is considerably suppressed. Consequently, the elongation of the shear layer from the body and the near disappearance of vortex shedding in the near wake with weak vortical strength contributes directly to the reduction of drag and lift oscillation. Various fundamental mechanisms that affect the flow phenomena, three-dimensional separation, pressure coefficient, vortex formation length and turbulent kinetic energy are examined systematically to demonstrate the effect of the twisted cylinder surface. In addition, for the twisted cylinder at$\mathit{Re}=3000$, the effect of the cross-sectional aspect ratio is investigated from 1.25 to 2.25 to find an optimal value that can reduce the drag and lift forces. Moreover, the effect of the Reynolds number on the aerodynamic characteristics is investigated in the range of$3\times 10^{3}\leqslant \mathit{Re}\leqslant 1\times 10^{4}$. We find that asReincreases, the mean drag and the r.m.s. lift coefficient of the twisted cylinder increase, and the vortex formation length decreases.
Fully nonlinear long-wave models in the presence of vorticity
Authors: Castro Angel , Lannes David 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe study here Green–Naghdi type equations (also called fully nonlinear Boussinesq, or Serre equations) modelling the propagation of large-amplitude waves in shallow water without a smallness assumption on the amplitude of the waves. The novelty here is that we allow for a general vorticity, thereby allowing complex interactions between surface waves and currents. We show that the a priori ($2+1$)-dimensional dynamics of the vorticity can be reduced to a finite cascade of two-dimensional equations. With a mechanism reminiscent of turbulence theory, vorticity effects contribute to the averaged momentum equation through a Reynolds-like tensor that can be determined by a cascade of equations. Closure is obtained at the precision of the model at the second order of this cascade. We also show how to reconstruct the velocity field in the ($2+1$)-dimensional fluid domain from this set of two-dimensional equations and exhibit transfer mechanisms between the horizontal and vertical components of the vorticity, thus opening perspectives for the study of rip currents, for instance.
Is there a linear relationship between the dose of ruminanttrans-fatty acids and cardiovascular risk markers in healthy subjects: results from a systematic review and meta-regression of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Gayet-Boyer Constance , Tenenhaus-Aziza Fanny , Prunet Caroline , Marmonier Corinne , Malpuech-Brugère Corinne , Lamarche Benoit , Chardigny Jean-Michel 
Published: October 2014

The effects of ruminant (R)trans-fatty acids (TFA) on the risk of CVD are still under debate. It could be argued that the lack of the effect of R-TFA may be the result of the small amount of their intake. Taking into consideration the growing available data from intervention studies, we carried out a systematic review and meta-regression to assess the impact of R-TFA intake levels on changes in the total cholesterol: HDL-cholesterol (TC:HDL-C) ratio. A systematic review of the literature was conducted and thirteen randomised clinical trials were included, yielding a total of twenty-three independent experimental groups of subjects. A univariate random-effects meta-regression approach was used to quantify the relationship between the dose of R-TFA and changes in the TC:HDL-C ratio. To consider several potential modifiers such as subject and dietary characteristics, a multivariate regression analysis was performed. We found no relationship between R-TFA intake levels of up to 4·19 % of daily energy intake (EI) and changes in cardiovascular risk factors such as TC:HDL-C and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C):HDL-C ratios. In addition, a multivariate regression analysis that included other dietary variables, as well as subject baseline characteristics, confirmed that doses of R-TFA did not significantly influence the changes in the lipid ratio. Our findings showed that doses of R-TFA did not influence the changes in the ratios of plasma TC:HDL-C and LDL-C:HDL-C. These data suggest that TFA from natural sources, at least at the current levels of intake and up to 4·19 % EI, have no adverse effects on these key CVD risk markers in healthy people.
A dietary pattern rich in lignans, quercetin and resveratrol decreases the risk of oesophageal cancer
Authors: Lin Yulan , Yngve Agneta , Lagergren Jesper , Lu Yunxia 
Published: October 2014

Dietary lignans, quercetin and resveratrol have oestrogenic properties, and animal studies suggest that they synergistically decrease cancer risk. A protective effect of lignans on the development of oesophageal cancer in humans has recently been demonstrated, and the present study aimed to test whether these three phytochemicals synergistically decrease the risk of oesophageal cancer. Data from a Swedish nationwide population-based case–control study that recruited 181 cases of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC), 158 cases of oesophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC), 255 cases of gastro-oesophageal junctional adenocarcinoma (JAC) and 806 controls were analysed. Exposure data were collected through face-to-face interviews and questionnaires. The intake of lignans, quercetin and resveratrol was assessed using a sixty-three-item FFQ. Reduced-rank regression was used to assess a dietary pattern, and a simplified dietary pattern score was categorised into quintiles on the basis of the distribution among the control subjects. Unconditional multivariable logistic regression provided OR with 95 % CI, adjusted for all the potential risk factors. A dietary pattern rich in lignans, quercetin and resveratrol was mainly characterised by a high intake of tea, wine, lettuce, mixed vegetables, tomatoes, and whole-grain bread and a low intake of milk. There were dose-dependent associations between simplified dietary pattern scores and all types of oesophageal cancer (all P for trend < 0·05). On comparing the highest quintiles with the lowest, the adjusted OR were found to be 0·24 (95 % CI 0·12, 0·49) for OAC, 0·31 (95 % CI 0·15, 0·65) for OSCC, and 0·49 (95 % CI 0·28, 0·84) for JAC. The results of the present study indicate that a dietary pattern characterised by the intake of lignans, quercetin and resveratrol may play a protective role in the development of oesophageal cancer in the Swedish population.
Impact of cafeteria feeding during lactation in the rat on novel object discrimination in the offspring
Authors: Wright Thomas M. , King Madeleine V. , Davey William G. , Langley-Evans Simon C. , Voigt Jörg-Peter W. 
Published: October 2014

There is increasing evidence that hyperenergetic diets have an impact on memory in rodents. However, it is largely unknown how diets, such as a cafeteria diet (CD), that mimic a Western-type diet act on learning and memory, in particular when fed during early stages of development. Here, we fed lactating dams a CD and exposed both male and female offspring to a novel object discrimination (NOD) task, a two-trial test of recognition memory in which rats exposed to two identical objects during a training/familiarisation trial can discriminate a novel from a familiar object during the subsequent choice trial. The choice trial was performed following inter-trial interval (ITI) delays of up to 4 h. Maternal diet did not have an impact on exploration of the objects by either sex during the familiarisation trial. Control males discriminated the novel from the familiar object, indicating intact memory with an ITI of 1 h, but not 2 or 4 h. The CD delayed this natural forgetting in male rats such that discrimination was also evident after a 2 h ITI. In contrast, control females exhibited discrimination following both 1 and 2 h ITI, but the CD impaired performance. In summary, the present study shows that maternal exposure to the CD programmes NOD in the adult. In better-performing females, dietary programming interferes with NOD, whereas NOD was improved in males after lactational CD feeding.
A Frostman-Type Lemma for Sets with Large Intersections, and an Application to Diophantine Approximation
Authors: Persson Tomas , Reeve Henry W. J. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe consider classes of subsets of [0, 1], originally introduced by Falconer, that are closed under countable intersections, and such that every set in the class has Hausdorff dimension at least s. We provide a Frostman-type lemma to determine if a limsup set is in such a class. Suppose that E = lim sup En ⊂ [0, 1], and that μn are probability measures with support in En. If there exists a constant C such thatfor all n, then, under suitable conditions on the limit measure of the sequence (μn), we prove that the set E is in the class .As an application we prove that, for α > 1 and almost all λ ∈ (½, 1), the setwhere and ak ∈ {0, 1}}, belongs to the class . This improves one of our previously published results.
On Nonlinear Boundary Conditions Involving Decomposable Linear Functionals
Authors: Goodrich Christopher S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn this paper we consider the existence of a positive solution to boundary-value problems with non-local nonlinear boundary conditions, the archetypical example being −y″(t) = λf(t,y(t)),t∈ (0, 1),y(0) =H(φ(y)),y(1) = 0. Here,His a nonlinear function,λ> 0 is a parameter andφis a linear functional that is realized as a Lebesgue—Stieltjes integral with signed measure. By requiringφto decompose in a certain way, we show that this problem has at least one positive solution for eachλ∈ (0,λ0), for a numberλ0> 0 that is explicitly computable. We also give a separate result that holds for allλ> 0.
Equivariant Compactifications of Two-Dimensional Algebraic Groups
Authors: Derenthal Ulrich , Loughran Daniel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe classify generically transitive actions of semi-direct products on ℙ2. Motivated by the program to study the distribution of rational points on del Pezzo surfaces (Manin's conjecture), we determine all (possibly singular) del Pezzo surfaces that are equivariant compactifications of homogeneous spaces for semi-direct products .
Locating the locale of local food: The importance of context, space and social relations
Authors: Carroll Brídín E. , Fahy Frances 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLocalization is one process/outcome that is proffered as key to the ‘grand challenges’ that currently face the food system. Consumers are attributed much agency in this potential transformation, being encouraged from all levels of society to exert their consumer muscle by buying local food. However, due to the social construction of scale it cannot be said that ‘local food’ is a definite entity and consumers understand the term ‘local food’ differently depending on their geographic and social context. As such, the research upon which this paper is based aimed to provide a nuanced understanding of how consumers in the particular spatial and social contexts of urban and rural Ireland understood the concept of ‘local food’. A specific objective was to test the theory that these consumers may have fallen into the ‘local trap’ by unquestioningly associating food from a spatially proximate place with positive characteristics. A three-phase mixed methodology was undertaken with a sample of consumers dwelling in urban and rural areas in both Dublin and Galway, Ireland: 1000 householders were surveyed; 6 focus group discussions took place; and 28 semi-structured interviews were carried out. The results presented in this paper indicate that for most participants in this study, spatial proximity is the main parameter against which the ‘localness’ of food is measured. Also, it was found that participants held multiple meanings of local food and there was a degree of fluidity in their understandings of the term. The results from the case study regions highlight how participants’ understandings of local food changed depending on the food in question and its availability. However, the paper also indicates that as consumers move from one place to another, the meaning of local food becomes highly elastic. The meaning is stretched or contracted according to the perceived availability of food, greater or lesser connections to the local producer community and the relative geographic size of participants’ locations. Our analysis of findings from all three phases of this research revealed a difference in understandings of local food among participants resident in urban and rural areas: participants dwelling in rural areas were more likely than those in urban areas to define local food according to narrower spatial limits. The paper concludes with an overview of the practical and theoretical significance of these results in addressing the current dearth of research exploring the meaning of local food for consumers and suggests avenues for future research.
Home equity release for long-term care financing: an improved market structure and pricing approach
Authors: Andrews Doug , Oberoi Jaideep 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHome equity release products have been promoted as a potential solution to residential long-term care costs for the elderly. Lower than expected utilisation of home equity release loans has prompted efforts to better model and price the no-negative-equity-guarantee (NNEG) built into the contracts, but loan rates are still widely perceived by homeowners as being unattractive. We propose the introduction of a new adjustable rate loan based on a regional house price index, with the NNEG being borne by a specially created intermediary. The proposed approach allows us to directly address and separately price the basis risk between individual house price returns and index returns. In addition, it offers the opportunity to create securities based on residential real estate that would be attractive to a wider class of investors. The alternative risk-sharing mechanism creates a more transparent and simple pricing structure for the loans. We then use house sales data to demonstrate the approach. We find in our sample that it would be possible to make higher loans than seen in previous literature using standard roll-up contracts. In the most favourable scenario for our simulations, the maximum loan is 89% of the appraised home value if the loan is advanced as a lump sum and 95% if the loan is advanced in instalments.
Laterally spreading iron, humic-like dissolved organic matter and nutrients in cold, dense subsurface water of the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Hioki Nanako , Kuma Kenshi , Morita Yuichirou , Sasayama Ryouhei , Ooki Atsushi , Kondo Yoshiko , Obata Hajime , Nishioka Jun , Yamashita Youhei , Nishino Shigeto , Kikuchi Takashi , Aoyama Michio 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe location and magnitude of oceanic iron sources remain uncertain owing to a scarcity of data, particularly in the Arctic Ocean. The formation of cold, dense water in the subsurface layer of the western Arctic Ocean is a key process in the lateral transport of iron, macronutrients and other chemical constituents. Here, we present iron, humic-like fluorescent dissolved organic matter and nutrient concentration data in waters above the continental slope and shelf and along two transects across the shelf–basin interface in the western Arctic Ocean. We detected high concentrations in shelf bottom waters and in a plume that extended in the subsurface cold dense water of the halocline layer in slope and basin regions. At σθ = 26.5, dissolved Fe, humic-like fluorescence intensity and nutrient maxima coincided with N* minima (large negative values of N* indicate significant denitrification within shelf sediments). These results suggest that these constituents are supplied from the shelf sediments and then transported laterally to basin regions. Humic dissolved organic matter probably plays the most important role in the subsurface maxima and lateral transport of dissolved Fe in the halocline layer as natural Fe-binding organic ligand.
Promotion or suppression of glucose isomerization in subcritical aqueous straight- and branched-chain alcohols
Authors: Gao Da-Ming , Kobayashi Takashi , Adachi Shuji 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The influence of water-miscible alcohols (methanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and t-butyl alcohol) on the isomerization of glucose to fructose and mannose was investigated under subcritical aqueous conditions (180–200 °C). Primary and secondary alcohols promoted the conversion and isomerization of glucose to afford fructose and mannose with high and low selectivity, respectively. On the other hand, the decomposition (side-reaction) of glucose was suppressed in the presence of the primary and secondary alcohols compared with that in subcritical water. The yield of fructose increased with increasing concentration of the primary and secondary alcohols, and the species of the primary and secondary alcohols tested had little effect on the isomerization behavior of glucose. In contrast, the isomerization of glucose was suppressed in subcritical aqueous t-butyl alcohol. Both the conversion of glucose and the yield of fructose decreased with increasing concentration of t-butyl alcohol. In addition, mannose was not detected in reactions using subcritical aqueous t-butyl alcohol.
Cardenolide glycosides from the seeds of Digitalis purpurea exhibit carcinoma-specific cytotoxicity toward renal adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Fujino Tomofumi , Kuroda Minpei , Matsuo Yukiko , Kubo Satoshi , Tamura Chikako , Sakamoto Nami , Mimaki Yoshihiro , Hayakawa Makio 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Four cardenolide glycosides, glucodigifucoside (2), 3′-O-acetylglucoevatromonoside (9), digitoxigenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-3-O-acetyl-β-D-digitoxopyranoside (11), and purpureaglycoside A (12), isolated from the seeds of Digitalis purpurea, exhibited potent cytotoxicity against human renal adenocarcinoma cell line ACHN. These compounds exhibited significantly lower IC50 values against ACHN than that against normal human renal proximal tubule-derived cell line HK-2. In particular, 2 exhibited the most potent and carcinoma-specific cytotoxicity, with a sixfold lower IC50 value against ACHN than that against HK-2. Measurement of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor levels revealed that upregulation of p21/Cip1 expression was involved in the carcinoma-specific cytotoxicity of 2. Further, compound 2 also exhibited the carcinoma-specific cytotoxicity toward hepatocellular carcinoma cell line.
Default risk in agricultural lending, the effects of commodity price volatility and climate
Authors: Castro Carlos , Garcia Karen 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– Commodity price volatility and small variations in climate conditions may have an important impact on the creditworthiness of any agricultural project. The evolution of such risk factors is vital for the credit risk analysis of a rural bank. The purpose of this paper is to determine the importance of price volatility and climate factors within a default risk model.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors estimate a generalized linear model (GLM) based on a structural default risk model. With the estimated factor loadings, the authors simulate the loss distribution of the portfolio and perform stress test to determine the impact of the relevant risk factors on economic capital.

Findings
– The results indicate that both the price volatility and climate factors are statistically significant; however, their economic significance is smaller compare to other factors that the authors control for: macroeconomic conditions for the agricultural sector and intermediate input prices.

Research limitations/implications
– The analysis of non-systemic risk factors such as price volatility and climate conditions requires statistical methods focussed on measuring causal effects at higher quantiles, not just at the conditional mean, this is, however, a current limitation of GLMs.

Practical implications
– The authors provide a design of a portfolio credit risk model, that is more suited to the special characteristics of a rural bank, than commercial credit risk models.

Originality/value
– The paper incorporates agricultural-specific risk factors in a default risk model and a portfolio credit risk model.
Interrelationships between theory and research impact
Authors: Holt Gary D. , Goulding Jack , Akintoye Akintola 
Published: October 2014

Purpose– Of late within the UK, government funded research has emphasised “impact” as a prerequisite for financial support, while the Research Excellence Framework (REF) now also includes impact as an assessment criterion. The purpose of this paper is to investigate perceptions of the construction management research (CMR) community on “impact”, especially, in relation to its possible future interrelationships with theory generation and development, research design and research outputs.Design/methodology/approach– A mixed methods design employs a structured questionnaire survey of CMR academics to collect numeric (scaled) and qualitative (narrative) data. These are analysed using graphical, descriptive statistical and informal content analysis techniques to examine perceptions and inference.Findings– There is a self-reported high understanding of impact and theory as separate concepts, but variance among perceptions as to their interrelationships. In addition, there is greater acceptance of the role of impact relating to research grants, but less so in relation to the REF. Respondents were ambivalent regarding possible effects, that an increasing emphasis on impact may have for the future. There was “slight agreement” that impact was good for CMR and, that existing theory must always be considered in research design.Research limitations/implications– The contribution of this study adds empirical evidence to the ongoing debate regarding the “emerging” role of research impact within the UK; to some extent generally, and with respect to the CMR community more specifically.Originality/value– The empirical findings are entirely novel.