bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐time electrical monitoring of reagent delivery during a subsurface amendment experiment
Authors: Rucker Dale F. , Crook Nigel , Winterton Jeffrey , McNeill Michael , Baldyga Chris A. , Noonan Gillian , Fink James B. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTAn electrical resistivity monitoring survey was conducted on a mine heap to track reagent movement during high‐pressure injections. The injections were designed to increase the dissolution of metallic gold from low‐grade ore and enhance recovery after surface leaching had ceased. The main objective of the geoelectrical monitoring was to observe the effectiveness of the injection technique and provide feedback to optimize injection parameters in real time. Real‐time assessment was achieved by monitoring the raw output current and transfer resistance on a network of borehole electrodes installed around the injection well. It was demonstrated that the output current increased significantly on particular borehole electrodes after commencement of reagent injection, when the wetting front arrived at the electrodes. When injection ceased, the electrical current returned to the initial baseline current values. The timing and distribution of the electrodes demonstrating this behaviour varied with injection depth. The internal structure of the heap was likely a controlling factor in reagent movement. Resistance, converted to apparent resistivity, was also shown to change significantly in the region near the injection. Verification of the real‐time assessment was conducted with post‐injection time‐lapse 3D tomographic inversion. While inverse modelling provides a truer 3D representation of reagent injection, the cost was shown to be a time‐lag of 3.5 days to complete the modelling. The simplicity of monitoring the raw current output and voltage can make this a powerful tool for real‐time tracking of fluid movement in the subsurface.
E and Id Proteins Influence Invariant NKT Cell Sublineage Differentiation and Proliferation
Authors: D’Cruz Louise M. , Stradner Martin H. , Yang Cliff Y. , Goldrath Ananda W. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Disease outcome is known to be influenced by defined subsets of invariant NKT (iNKT) cells residing in distinct locations within peripheral tissue. However, the factors governing the development of these unique iNKT sublineages during thymic development are unknown. In this study we explored the mechanism by which E protein transcription factors and their negative regulators, the Id proteins, control the development of iNKT sublineages after positive selection. We found that E proteins directly bound the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) promoter and were required for expression of this lineage-defining transcription factor and for the maturation and expansion of thymic iNKT cells. Moreover, expression of the negative regulators of E proteins, Id2 and Id3, defined distinct iNKT cell sublineages. Id3 was expressed in PLZFhigh NKT2 cells and loss of Id3 allowed for increased thymic iNKT cell expansion and abundance of the PLZF+ NKT2 sublineage. Id2 was expressed in T-BET+ NKT1 cells, and both Id proteins were required for the formation of this sublineage. Thus, we provide insight into E and Id protein regulation of iNKT cell proliferation and differentiation to specific sublineages during development in the thymus.
Experience with peroneus brevis muscle flaps for reconstruction of distal leg and ankle defects
Authors: Bajantri Babu , Bharathi Ravindra , Ramkumar Sanjai , Latheef Latheesh , Dhane Smitha , Sabapathy S. Raja 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTObjective: Peroneus brevis is a muscle in the leg which is expendable without much functional deficit. The objective of this study was to find out its usefulness in coverage of the defects of the lower leg and ankle. Patients and Methods: A retrospective analysis of the use of 39 pedicled peroneus brevis muscle flaps used for coverage of defects of the lower leg and ankle between November 2010 and December 2012 was carried out. The flaps were proximally based for defects of the lower third of the leg in 12 patients and distally based for reconstruction of defects of the ankle in 26 patients, with one patient having flaps on both ankles. Results: Partial flap loss in critical areas was found in four patients requiring further flap cover and in non-critical areas in two patients, which were managed with a skin graft. Three of the four critical losses occurred when we used it for covering defects over the medial malleolus. There was no complete flap loss in any of the patients. Conclusion: This flap has a unique vascular pattern and fails to fit into the classification of the vasculature of muscles by Mathes and Nahai. The unusual feature is an axial vessel system running down the deep aspect of the muscle and linking the perforators from the peroneal artery and anterior tibial artery, which allows it to be raised proximally or distally on a single perforator. The flap is simple to raise and safe for the reconstruction of small-to moderate-sized skin defects of the distal third of the tibia and all parts of the ankle except the medial malleolus, which is too far from the pedicle of the distally based flap. The donor site can be closed primarily to provide a linear scar. The muscle flap thins with time to provide a good result aesthetically at the primary defect.
Tadalafil significantly reduces ischemia reperfusion injury in skin island flaps
Authors: Kayiran Oguz , Cuzdan Suat S. , Uysal Afsin , Kocer Ugur 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Numerous pharmacological agents have been used to enhance the viability of flaps. Ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is an unwanted, sometimes devastating complication in reconstructive microsurgery. Tadalafil, a specific inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 is mainly used for erectile dysfunction, and acts on vascular smooth muscles, platelets and leukocytes. Herein, the protective and therapeutical effect of tadalafil in I/R injury in rat skin flap model is evaluated. Materials and Methods: Sixty epigastric island flaps were used to create I/R model in 60 Wistar rats (non-ischemic group, ischemic group, medication group). Biochemical markers including total nitrite, malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were analysed. Necrosis rates were calculated and histopathologic evaluation was carried out. Results: MDA, MPO and total nitrite values were found elevated in the ischemic group, however there was an evident drop in the medication group. Histological results revealed that early inflammatory findings (oedema, neutrophil infiltration, necrosis rate) were observed lower with tadalafil administration. Moreover, statistical significance (P < 0.05) was recorded. Conclusions: We conclude that tadalafil has beneficial effects on epigastric island flaps against I/R injury.
Microvascular free flap reconstruction for head and neck cancer in a resource-constrained environment in rural India
Authors: Trivedi Nirav P. , Trivedi Pravin , Trivedi Harish , Trivedi Saroj , Trivedi Nirali 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Introduction: Reconstruction with free flaps has significantly changed the outcome of patients with head and neck cancer. Microsurgery is still considered a specialised procedure and is not routinely performed in the resource-constrained environment of certain developing parts of India. Materials and Methods: This article focuses on the practice environment in a cancer clinic in rural India. Availability of infrastructure, selection of the case, choice of flap, estimation of cost and complications associated with treatment are evaluated and the merits and demerits of such an approach are discussed. Results: We performed 22 cases of free flaps in a six-month period (2008-2009). Majority (17) of the patients had oral cancer. Seven were related to the tongue and eight to the buccal mucosa. Radial forearm free flap (RFF: 9) and anterolateral thigh flap (ALT: 9) were the most commonly used flaps. A fibula flap (1) was done for an anterior mandible defect, whereas a jejunum free flap (1) was done for a laryngopharyngectomy defect. There were six complications with two re-explorations but no loss of flaps. Conclusion: Reconstruction with microvascular free flaps is feasible in a resource-constrained setup with motivation and careful planning.
Life threatening deep scald burns in a neonate: A rare case report
Authors: Bhatia Vijay Y. , Mishra Susant , Menon Pramod A. , Nanavati Nidhish 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTDomestic burns in neonate are rare in literature. Neonates are high risk for burns because of their thin and fragile skin, fluid overload or dehydration as the fluid balance range is small and immature immune system leading to septicaemia. Neonates are not small adults, owing to their different physiological response makes the management of neonates challenging as the clinical signs are different from the adults and the resuscitation protocols or end points are also different. We present a case of 11 days old neonate, who sustained 51% scald burns when the hot water bag being used by her mother accidentally burst, the youngest reported case of domestic scald burns with such high percentage. The baby was managed by fluid resuscitation, antibiotics, dressings, ventilatory support for septicaemia and subsequently homograft application. The neonate was discharged with completely healed areas after 35 days of burns and is on regular follow up and no complications have been observed.
Retrograde vascularisation of fibula free flap in composite oro-mandibular reconstruction
Authors: Nambi G.I. , Dhiwakar M. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTWe present a case of composite oromandibular reconstruction with fibula free flap in which the vascularity to the flap was established in a retrograde direction through the distal end of the peroneal pedicle vessels. The flap was initially designed in such a way so as to anastomose with superior thyroid artery. However after initial good flow, the superior thyroid artery flow became insufficient. Therefore, an attempt was made to vascularise the flap by anastomosing the distal end of peroneal vessels with the facial artery and a tributary of the internal jugular vein so that the flap was perfused in a retrograde direction. This was successful and the retrograde flow was adequate to ensure flap survival. We believe this to be the first successful case of reverse vascular flow reported for composite oromandibular reconstruction with the fibula free flap.
Management of bi-canalicular block: A novel technique
Authors: Meena Manju , Naik Milind , Honavar Santosh 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTMedial canthal dystopia with canalicular obstruction is a common presentation following injury to the medial canthal region. Conjunctivodacryocystorhinostomy with Lester′s Jones tube is considered as the standard treatment in such cases. Alternatively, these patients can be managed by retrograde intubation dacryocystorhinostomy with medial canthoplasty. We herein describe the modification of retrograde bicanalicular intubation, combined with medial canthoplasty (monopedicle flap) which gives good cosmetic results.
Thinking of Their Sisters:
Authors: Gregory Rabia 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT
Fifteenth-century nuns Alijt Bake and Magdalena Beutler were both condemned for false mystical teachings but were also influential teachers whose books were widely recopied into the seventeenth century. Though both women's careers are typically considered as evidence for an antifeminist ecclesiastical crackdown on female visionaries, the popularity of their written books suggests that there were competing hermeneutics for interpreting women's visions. Through comparisons with other convent authors this essay argues that women religious and lay readers authorized women teachers for the utility of their books while men engaged in the discernment of spirits sometimes overlooked female comportment to promote the objectives of their own religious orders.
Elevated Aurora Kinase A Protein Expression in Diabetic Skin Tissue
Authors: Cho Moon Kyun , An Je Min , Kim Chul Han , Kang Sang Gue 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundAurora kinase A (Aurora-A) plays an important role in the regulation of mitosis and cytokinesis. Dysregulated Aurora-A leads to mitotic faults and results in pathological conditions. No studies on Aurora-A expression in human diabetic skin tissue have been reported. In light of this, we explored the expression of Aurora-A in human diabetic skin tissue.
Methods Aurora-A protein was evaluated by western blotting in 6 human diabetic skin tissue and 6 normal skin specimens.
Results Increased expression of Aurora-A protein was detected in all diabetic skin tissue samples in both western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. However, in the case of the normal skin tissue, no bands of Aurora-A protein were detected in either the western blotting analysis or the immunohistochemical staining.
Conclusions Thus far, there have been no studies on the expression of Aurora-A in diabetic skin tissue. However, we believe that oxidative DNA damage related to the expression of Aurora-A protein and Aurora-A could be involved inhuman diabetic skin tissue.
Asymptomatic cryptococcal antigenemia is associated with mortality among HIV‐positive patients in Indonesia
Authors: Ganiem Ahmad Rizal , Indrati Agnes Rengga , Wisaksana Rudi , Meijerink Hinta , van der Ven Andre , Alisjahbana Bachti , van Crevel Reinout 
Published: January 2014

IntroductionPrevious studies, mostly from Africa, have shown that serum cryptococcal antigenemia may precede the development of cryptococcal meningitis and early death among patients with advanced HIV infection. We examined cryptococcal antigenemia as a risk factor for HIV‐associated mortality in Indonesia, which is experiencing a rapidly growing HIV epidemic.MethodsWe included ART‐naïve HIV patients with a CD4 cell count below 100 cells/μL and no signs of meningitis in an outpatient HIV clinic in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Baseline clinical data and follow‐up were retrieved from a prospective database, and cryptococcal antigen was measured in stored serum samples using a semiquantitative lateral flow assay. Cox regression analysis was used to identify factors related to mortality.ResultsAmong 810 patients (median CD4 cell count 22), 58 (7.1%) had a positive cryptococcal antigen test with a median titre of 1:80 (range: 1:1 to 1:2560). Cryptococcal antigenemia at baseline was strongly associated with the development of cryptococcal meningitis and early death and loss to follow‐up. After one year, both death (22.4% vs. 11.6%; p=0.016; adjusted HR 2.19; 95% CI 1.78–4.06) and the combined endpoint of death or loss to follow‐up (67.2% vs. 40.4%; p<0.001; adjusted HR 1.57; 95% CI 1.12–2.20) were significantly higher among patients with a positive cryptococcal antigen test.ConclusionsCryptococcal antigenemia is common and clinically relevant among patients with advanced HIV in this setting. Routine screening for cryptococcal antigen followed by lumbar puncture and pre‐emptive antifungal treatment for those who are positive may help in reducing early mortality.
Electronic Regimes: Democracy and Geopolitical Strategies in Digital Networks
Authors: Santaniello Mauro , Amoretti Francesco 
Published: January 2014

AbstractFrom the second half of the 1980s onward, Western governments have been pursuing vigorously the implementation of digitalization policies. As a result, political institutions and administrative procedures have been progressively computerized. Even non‐Western countries like China, India, and Russia have started reform processes aiming at the creation of “virtual states.” Concurrently, developments in the Internet and related technologies have affected international relations, either heightening conflict or strengthening cooperation. e‐Democracy and e‐government projects and policies have generated numerous case studies, leading to a solid research tradition investigating the extent to which politics has been transformed. However, theoretical development to understand the geopolitical strategies designed by states in order to control and regulate digital networks has lagged behind. This article analyzes the main trajectories followed by states in their digitalization processes, highlighting their constitutional and geopolitical relevance. It explores the relationships between the state and information and communication technologies and proposes a set of typologies of digital regimes.
Quasi‐dynamic versus fully dynamic simulations of earthquakes and aseismic slip with and without enhanced coseismic weakening
Authors: Thomas Marion Y. , Lapusta Nadia , Noda Hiroyuki , Avouac Jean‐Philippe 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPhysics‐based numerical simulations of earthquakes and slow slip, coupled with field observations and laboratory experiments, can, in principle, be used to determine fault properties and potential fault behaviors. Because of the computational cost of simulating inertial wave‐mediated effects, their representation is often simplified. The quasi‐dynamic (QD) approach approximately accounts for inertial effects through a radiation damping term. We compare QD and fully dynamic (FD) simulations by exploring the long‐term behavior of rate‐and‐state fault models with and without additional weakening during seismic slip. The models incorporate a velocity‐strengthening (VS) patch in a velocity‐weakening (VW) zone, to consider rupture interaction with a slip‐inhibiting heterogeneity. Without additional weakening, the QD and FD approaches generate qualitatively similar slip patterns with quantitative differences, such as slower slip velocities and rupture speeds during earthquakes and more propensity for rupture arrest at the VS patch in the QD cases. Simulations with additional coseismic weakening produce qualitatively different patterns of earthquakes, with near‐periodic pulse‐like events in the FD simulations and much larger crack‐like events accompanied by smaller events in the QD simulations. This is because the FD simulations with additional weakening allow earthquake rupture to propagate at a much lower level of prestress than the QD simulations. The resulting much larger ruptures in the QD simulations are more likely to propagate through the VS patch, unlike for the cases with no additional weakening. Overall, the QD approach should be used with caution, as the QD simulation results could drastically differ from the true response of the physical model considered.
A physical model of sea wave period from altimeter data
Authors: Badulin S. I. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA physical model for sea wave period from altimeter data is presented. Physical roots of the model are in recent advances of the theory of weak turbulence of wind‐driven waves that predicts the link of instant wave energy to instant energy flux to/from waves. The model operates with wave height and its spatial derivative and does not refer to normalized radar cross‐section σ0 measured by the altimeter. Thus, the resulting formula for wave period does not contain any empirical parameters and does not require features of particular satellite altimeter or any calibration for specific region of measurements. A single case study illustrates consistency of the new approach with previously proposed empirical models in terms of estimates of wave periods and their statistical distributions. The paper brings attention to the possible corruption of dynamical parameters such as wave steepness or energy fluxes to/from waves when using the empirical approaches. Applications of the new model to the studies of sea wave dynamics are discussed.
Accuracy of dental age estimation charts: Schour and Massler, Ubelaker and the London Atlas
Authors: AlQahtani S. J. , Hector M. P. , Liversidge H. M. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTDental age estimation charts are frequently used to assess maturity and estimate age. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of estimating age of three dental development charts (Schour and Massler, Ubelaker, and the London Atlas). The test sample was skeletal remains and dental radiographs of known‐age individuals (N = 1,506, prenatal to 23.94 years). Dental age was estimated using charts of Schour and Massler, Ubelaker, and The London Atlas. Dental and chronological ages were compared using a paired t‐test for the three methods. The absolute mean difference between dental and chronological age was calculated. Results show that all three methods under‐estimated age but the London Atlas performed better than Schour and Massler and Ubelaker in all measures. The mean difference for Schour and Massler and Ubelaker was −0.76 and −0.80 years (SD 1.27 year, N = 1,227) respectively and for the London Atlas was −0.10 year (SD 0.97 year, N = 1,429). Further analysis by age category showed similar accuracy for all three methods for individuals younger than 1 year. For ages 1–18, the mean difference between dental and chronological ages was significant (P < 0.05) for Schour and Massler and Ubelaker and not significant (P > 0.05) for the London Atlas for most age categories. These findings show that the London Atlas performs better than Schour and Massler and Ubelaker and represents a substantial improvement in accuracy of dental age estimation from developing teeth. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:70–78, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Near‐IR Absorbing Nickel(II) Porphyrinoids Prepared by Regioselective Insertion of Silylenes into Antiaromatic Nickel(II) Norcorrole
Authors: Fukuoka Takaki , Uchida Kenya , Sung Young Mo , Shin Ji‐Young , Ishida Shintaro , Lim Jong Min , Hiroto Satoru , Furukawa Ko , Kim Dongho , Iwamoto Takeaki , Shinokubo Hiroshi 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe treatment of an antiaromatic norcorrole NiII complex with a kinetically stabilized silylene provided ring‐expansion products in excellent yields through the highly regio‐ and stereoselective insertion into the β‐β pyrrolic CC bonds. The resultant NiII porphyrinoid monoinsertion product exhibited relatively strong near‐IR absorption bands due to the small HOMO–LUMO gap in spite of the disrupted cyclic π‐conjugation by the silicon atom.
Distinct mechanisms determine organ left‐right asymmetry patterning in an uncoupled way
Authors: Huang Sizhou , Xu Wenming , Su Bingyin , Luo Lingfei 
Published: January 2014

Disruption of Nodal in the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) usually leads to left‐right (LR) patterning defects in multiple organs. However, whether the LR patterning of organs is always regulated in a coupled way has largely not yet been elucidated. In addition, whether other crucial regulators exist in the LPM that coordinate with Nodal in regulating organ LR patterning is also undetermined. In this paper, after briefly summarizing the common process of LR patterning, the most puzzling question regarding the initiation of asymmetry is considered and the divergent mechanisms underlying the uncoupled LR patterning in different organs are discussed. On the basis of cases in which different organ LR patterning is determined in an uncoupled way via an independent mechanism or at a different time, we propose that there are other critical factors in the LPM that coordinate with Nodal to regulate heart LR asymmetry patterning during early LR patterning.Also watch the Video Abstract.