bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The remote revolution: assessing the impact of working from home on finance professionals
Authors: Al Mohamed Alaa Alden , Al Mohamed Sobhi , Alebrahem Morhaf 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate how remote work affects job performance. It suggests that factors such as the work environment, employee productivity, and work-life balance play a role in mediating this impact. The study also explores how remote work influences employee performance through these variables. The findings of this research have practical implications for businesses looking to evaluate the effectiveness of their remote work policies, especially during the ongoing coronavirus crisis. One distinctive feature of this study is its questionnaire, which has been specifically designed to capture the effects of COVID-19. Data were collected through an online survey distributed to workers in Syria. The survey, which utilized a Likert scale, was sent via email to around 2650 employees and was also shared on social media platforms. A total of 300 respondents took part in the survey. To address the research questions, structural equation modelling was employed in this study. The results indicated that remote work resulted in increased enjoyment, satisfaction, and motivation among employees, ultimately improving job performance. It is worth noting that while this research focuses on examining these benefits within the context of Syria, there is potential for external validity among other countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Neurofibromatosis 1-associated diffuse lung disease in an elderly man—a case report
Authors: Sarkar Subho , Girija Aswathy , Panigrahi Manoj Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Neurofibromatosis 1 is a form of phacomatosis or neurocutaneous disease inherited as an autosomal dominant disease. Thoracic involvement is rare and involves the lung parenchyma, mediastinum, and thoracic cage, including ribs and the spine. Lung parenchymal involvement includes airspace abnormalities like cysts, bullae, and emphysema with an upper lobe predominance and interstitial abnormality in the form of reticulations and fibrosis in the lower lobes. The structural abnormality of the lung resembles numerous other diseases. Hence, properly identifying and recognizing neurofibromatosis 1-associated diffuse lung disease (NF-1 DLD) is crucial in avoiding misdiagnosis. NF1-DLD is associated with many complications like pulmonary hypertension, lung malignancy, aspergilloma, secondary bacterial infections, and pneumothorax.

Case presentation
An elderly male with neurofibromatosis type-1 presented with breathlessness, cough, and mucopurulent expectoration and was found to have diffuse involvement of the lung parenchyma involving cysts, bullae, emphysema, fibrosis, and traction bronchiectasis. He was managed conservatively, controlling infection and optimizing respiratory symptoms.

Conclusion
Neurofibromatosis-associated diffuse lung disease is a rare disorder. There is no definitive treatment that can reverse the pulmonary lesions. However, early diagnosis will help plan effective preventive measures and avoid complications. We present this case to increase awareness regarding the various pulmonary manifestations of neurofibromatosis.
The state-led approach to industrial heritage in China’s mega-events: capital accumulation, urban regeneration, and heritage preservation
Authors: Zhang Mengke 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper employs a comparative analysis to investigate the state-led use of industrial heritage in major Chinese mega-events, delving into the three cases of the Guangzhou Asian Games, the Shanghai Expo, and the Beijing Winter Olympics. Examining the evolving practices led by Chinese governments reveals unique pathways for industrial heritage and showcases its diverse roles in economic development and societal transformation. The three cases illustrate the nuanced dynamics between market forces and state interventions, emphasising the importance of strategic planning and long-term considerations in mega-event-induced heritage practices. Mega-events serve as catalysts for urban regeneration, allowing governments to allocate substantial resources to conserve and repurpose industrial heritage. However, the current paper contends that the sustained benefits of industrial heritage hinge on thoughtful planning for long-term economic and social sustainability, emphasising the need to constrain a focus on short-term gains through land revenue. These reflections contribute to a nuanced understanding of the intricate interplay between heritage preservation, economic development, and sustainable urban planning in the context of China’s mega-events.
Perspectives on physician-assisted suicide in mental healthcare: results of a survey of physicians and medical students
Authors: Reichel Rebecca , Adam Sophia Helen , Ehni Hans-Jörg , Junne Florian , Herrmann-Werner Anne , Fallgatter Andreas J. , Zipfel Stephan , Erschens Rebecca 
Published: August 2024

Background
Physician-assisted suicide (PAS) is typically associated with serious physical illnesses that are prevalent in palliative care. However, individuals with mental illnesses may also experience such severity that life becomes intolerable. In February 2020, the previous German law prohibiting PAS was repealed. Patients with severe mental illnesses are increasingly likely to approach physicians with requests for PAS.

Aims
To explore the ethical and moral perspectives of medical students and physicians when making individual decisions regarding PAS.

Method
An anonymised digital survey was conducted among medical students and physicians in Germany. Participants were presented with a case vignette of a chronically depressed patient requesting PAS. Participants decided on PAS provision and assessed theoretical arguments. We employed generalised ordinal regression and qualitative analysis for data interpretation.

Results
A total of N = 1478 participants completed the survey. Of these, n = 470 (32%) stated that they would refuse the request, whereas n = 582 (39%) would probably refuse, n = 375 (25%) would probably agree and n = 57 (4%) would definitely agree. Patient-centred arguments such as the right to self-determination increased the likelihood of consent. Concerns that PAS for chronically depressed patients might erode trust in the medical profession resulted in a decreased willingness to provide PAS.

Conclusions
Participants displayed relatively low willingness to consider PAS in the case of a chronically depressed patient. This study highlights the substantial influence of theoretical medical-ethical arguments and the broader public discourse, underscoring the necessity of an ethical discussion on PAS for mental illnesses.
From Curtailed Renewable Energy to Green Hydrogen: Infrastructure Planning for Hydrogen Fuel-Cell Vehicles
Authors: He Long , Ke Nan , Mao Ruijiu , Qi Wei , Zhang Hongcai 
Published: August 2024

Problem definition: Hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (HFVs) have been proposed as a promising green transportation alternative. For regions experiencing renewable energy curtailment, promoting HFVs can achieve the dual benefit of reducing curtailment and developing sustainable transportation. However, promoting HFVs faces several major hurdles, including uncertain vehicle adoption, the lack of refueling infrastructure, the spatial mismatch between hydrogen demand and renewable sources for hydrogen production, and the strained power transmission infrastructure. In this paper, we address these challenges and study how to promote HFV adoption by deploying HFV infrastructure and utilizing renewable resources. Methodology/results: We formulate a planning model that jointly determines the location and capacities of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) and hydrogen plants as well as electricity transmission and grid upgrade. Despite the complexity of explicitly considering drivers’ HFV adoption behavior, the bilevel optimization model can be reformulated as a tractable mixed-integer second-order cone program. We apply our model calibrated with real data to the case of Sichuan, a province in China with abundant hydro resources and a vast amount of hydropower curtailment. Managerial implications: We obtain the following findings. (i) The optimal deployment of HRSs displays vastly different spatial patterns depending on the HFV adoption target. The capital city, a transportation hub, is excluded from the plan under a low target and only emerges as the center of HFV adoption under a high target. (ii) Promoting the HFV adoption can overall help reduce hydropower curtailment, but the effectiveness depends on factors such as the adoption target and the grid upgrade cost. (iii) Being a versatile energy carrier, hydrogen can be transported to various locations, which allows for strategic placement of HRSs in locations distinct from hydrogen plant sites. This flexibility offers HFVs greater potential cost savings and curtailment reduction compared with other alternative fuel vehicles (e.g., electric vehicles) under current cost estimates. Funding: W. Qi acknowledges the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72242106, 72188101, and 72272014] and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [Grant RGPIN-2019-04769]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0381 .
TRUNK MUSCLE MASS MEASURED BY BIOELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE ANALYSIS REFLECTS THE CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA OF THE PARAVERTEBRAL MUSCLES AND BACK EXTENSOR STRENGTH
Authors: Salimi H , Ohyama S , Terai H , Hori Y , Takahashi S.H. , Hoshino M , Yabu A , Kobayashi A , Tsujio T , Kotake S , Nakamura H 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundTrunk muscles play an important role in supporting the spinal column. A decline in trunk muscle mass, as measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (TMM–BIA), is associated with low back pain and poor quality of life.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether TMM–BIA correlates with quantitative and functional assessments traditionally used for the trunk muscles.MethodsWe included 380 participants (aged ≥ 65 years; 152 males, 228 females) from the Shiraniwa Elderly Cohort (Shiraniwa) study, for whom the following data were available: TMM–BIA, lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and back muscle strength (BMS). We measured the cross-sectional area (CSA) and fat-free CSA of the paravertebral muscles (PVM), including the erector spinae (ES), multifidus (MF), and psoas major (PM), on an axial lumbar MRI at L3/4. The correlation between TMM–BIA and the CSA of PVM, fat-free CSA of PVM, and BMS was investigated.ResultsTMMBIA correlated with the CSA of total PVM and each individual PVM. A stronger correlation between TMM–BIA and fat-free CSA of PVM was observed. The TMM–BIA also strongly correlated with BMS.ConclusionTMM–BIA is an easy and reliable way to evaluate the trunk muscle mass in a clinical setting.Conflict of interestNoneSources of fundingNone
EFFECT OF SPINAL FUSION ON BIOMECHANICS OF FACET JOINTS: SYNCHRONIZED SPATIO-TEMPORAL AND MECHANICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Warren J. P. , Khan A.L. , Mengoni M. 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesUnderstanding lumbar facet joint involvement and biomechanical changes post spinal fusion is limited. This study aimed to establish an in vitro model assessing mechanical effects of fusion on human lumbar facet joints, employing synchronized motion, pressure, and stiffness analysis.Methods and ResultsSeven human lumbar spinal units (age 54 to 92, ethics 15/YH/0096) underwent fusion via a partial nucleotomy model mimicking a lateral cage approach with PMMA cement injection. Mechanical testing pre and post-fusion included measuring compressive displacement and load, local motion capture, and pressure mapping at the facet joints. pQCT imaging (82 microns isotropic) was carried out at each stage to assess the integrity of the vertebral endplates and quantify the amount of cement injected.Before fusion, relative facet joint displacement (6.5 ± 4.1 mm) at maximum load (1.1 kN) exceeded crosshead displacement (3.9 ± 1.5 mm), with loads transferred across both facet joints. After fusion, facet displacement (2.0 ± 1.2 mm) reduced compared to pre-fusion, as was the crosshead displacement (2.2 ± 0.6 mm). Post-fusion loads (71.4 ± 73.2 N) transferred were reduced compared to pre-fusion levels (194.5 ± 125.4 N). Analysis of CT images showed no endplate damage post-fusion, whilst the IVD tissue: cement volume ratio did not correlate with the post-fusion behaviour of the specimens.ConclusionAn in vitro model showed significant facet movement reduction with stand-alone interbody cage placement. This technique identifies changes in facet movement post-fusion, potentially contributing to subsequent spinal degeneration, highlighting its utility in biomechanical assessment.Conflicts of interestNoneSources of fundingThis work was funded by EPSRC, under grant EP/W015617/1.
NOVEL METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING A MACHINE LEARNING-BASED IMAGING TOOL FOR HYBRID VISUALIZATION OF MACROSCOPIC AND MICROSCOPIC DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN THE INTERVERTEBRAL DISC
Authors: Lama P. , Dolan T. , Adams M.A. 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) algorithm identifies end stage severely degenerated disc as ‘black’, and a moderately degenerate to non-degenerated disc as ‘white’. MRI is based on signal intensity changes that identifies loss of proteoglycans, water, and general radial bulging but lacks association with microscopic features such as fissure, endplate damage, persistent inflammatory catabolism that facilitates proteoglycan loss leading to ultimate collapse of annulus with neo-innervation and vascularization, as an indicator of pain. Thus, we propose a novel machine learning based imaging tool that combines quantifiable microscopic histopathological features with macroscopic signal intensities changes for hybrid assessment of disc degeneration.Methods100-disc tissue were collected from patients undergoing surgeries and cadaveric controls, age range of 35–75 years. MRI Pfirrmann grades were collected in each case, and each disc specimen were processed to identify the 1) region of interest 2) analytical imaging vector 3) data assimilation, grading and scoring pattern 4) identification of machine learning algorithm 5) predictive learning parameters to form an interface between hardware and software operating system.ResultsKernel algorithm defines non-linear data in xy histogram. X,Y values are scored histological spatial variables that signifies loss of proteoglycans, blood vessels ingrowth, and occurrence of tears or fissures in the inner and outer annulus regions mapped with the dampening and graded series of signal intensity changes.ConclusionTo our knowledge this study is the first to propose a machine learning method between microscopic spatial tissue changes and macroscopic signal intensity grades in the intervertebral disc.No conflict of interest declared. Sources of FundingICMR/5/4-5/3/42/Neuro/2022-NCD-1, Dr TMA PAI SMU/ 131/ REG/ TMA PURK/ 164/2020.A part of the above study was presented as an oral paper at the International Society for the Study of Lumbar Spine (ISSLS) meeting held on 1–5th May 2023, Melbourne, Australia.
COMPARISON OF VERTEBRAL AND INTERVERTEBRAL DISC STRAINS IN AXIAL COMPRESSION AND FLEXION, AND THE EFFECT OF DISC DEGENERATION
Authors: Raftery K. , Tavana S. , Newell N. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionVertebral compression fractures are the most common type of osteoporotic fracture. Though 89% of clinical fractures occur anteriorly, it is challenging to replicate these ex vivo with the underlying intervertebral discs (IVDs) present. Furthermore, the role of disc degeneration in this mechanism is poorly understood. Understanding how disc morphology alters vertebral strain distributions may lead to the utilisation of IVD metrics in fracture prediction, or inform surgical decision-making regarding instrumentation type and placement.AimTo determine the effect of disc degeneration on the vertebral trabecular bone strain distributions in axial compression and flexion loading.MethodsEight cadaveric thoracolumbar segments (T11-L3) were prepared (N=4 axial compression, N=4 flexion). µCT-based digital volume correlation was used to quantify trabecular strains. A bespoke loading device fixed specimens at the resultant displacement when loaded to 50N and 800N. Flexion was achieved by adding 6° wedges. Disc degeneration was quantified with Pfirrmann grading and T2 relaxation times.ResultsAnterior axial strains were 80.9±39% higher than the posterior region in flexion (p<0.01), the ratio of which was correlated with T2 relaxation time (R2=0.80, p<0.05). In flexion, the central-to-peripheral axial strain ratio in the endplate region was significantly higher when the underlying IVDs were non-degenerated relative to degenerated (+38.1±12%, p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in axial compression.ConclusionDisc degeneration is a stronger determinant of the trabecular strain distribution when flexion is applied. Load transfer through non-degenerate IVDs under flexion appears to be more centralised, suggesting that disc degeneration predisposes flexion-type compression fractures by shifting high strains anteriorly.Conflicts of interestThe authors declare none.Sources of fundingThis work was funded by the Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/V029452/1), and Back-to-Back.
Risk factors associated with re-revision following revision total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review
Authors: Hald Julius T. , Knudsen Ulrik K. , Petersen Michael M. , Lindberg-Larsen Martin , El-Galaly Anders B. , Odgaard Anders 
Published: August 2024

AimsThe aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and bias evaluation of the current literature to create an overview of risk factors for re-revision following revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA).MethodsA systematic search of MEDLINE and Embase was completed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The studies were required to include a population of index rTKAs. Primary or secondary outcomes had to be re-revision. The association between preoperative factors and the effect on the risk for re-revision was also required to be reported by the studies.ResultsThe search yielded 4,847 studies, of which 15 were included. A majority of the studies were retrospective cohorts or registry studies. In total, 26 significant risk factors for re-revision were identified. Of these, the following risk factors were consistent across multiple studies: age at the time of index revision, male sex, index revision being partial revision, and index revision due to infection. Modifiable risk factors were opioid use, BMI > 40 kg/m2, and anaemia. History of one-stage revision due to infection was associated with the highest risk of re-revision.ConclusionOverall, 26 risk factors have been associated with an increased risk of re-revision following rTKA. However, various levels of methodological bias were found in the studies. Future studies should ensure valid comparisons by including patients with identical indications and using clear definitions for accurate assessments.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(8):644–651.
Efficient ultraviolet beam generation at 294.5  nm by frequency-quadrupling a LD-pumped actively Q-switched Nd:YAG/SrWO4 Raman laser
Authors: Huang Lu , Wu Xin , Li Haiyan , Wei Zhenshuai , Zhao Zhigang , Cong Zhenhua , Liu Zhaojun 
Published: August 2024

An efficient all-solid-state ultraviolet laser at 294.5 nm
is demonstrated based on the
stimulated Raman scattering and two stages of second-harmonic
generation. With a three-mirror cavity, a 2.63 W laser at
589.6 nm with a pulse width of ∼8.5ns and a pulse repetition frequency of
20 kHz is obtained. Employing a BBO crystal as the
frequency-doubled medium, a 332 mW UV beam at 294.5 nm
with a pulse width of ∼5.8ns is obtained under an incident pump
power of 14.12 W; the corresponding conversion efficiency is
2.4% from 808 to 294.5 nm.
External validation of Finnish diabetes risk score (FINDRISC) and Latin American FINDRISC for screening of undiagnosed dysglycemia: Analysis in a Peruvian hospital health care workers sample
Authors: Yovera-Aldana Marlon , Mezones-Holguín Edward , Agüero-Zamora Rosa , Damas-Casani Lucy , Uriol-Llanos Becky , Espinoza-Morales Frank , Soto-Becerra Percy , Ticse-Aguirre Ray 
Published: August 2024

Aims
To evaluate the external validity of Finnish diabetes risk score (FINDRISC) and Latin American FINDRISC (LAFINDRISC) for undiagnosed dysglycemia in hospital health care workers.

Methods
We carried out a cross-sectional study on health workers without a prior history of diabetes mellitus (DM). Undiagnosed dysglycemia (prediabetes or diabetes mellitus) was defined using fasting glucose and two-hour oral glucose tolerance test. LAFINDRISC is an adapted version of FINDRISC with different waist circumference cut-off points. We calculated the area under the receptor operational characteristic curve (AUROC) and explored the best cut-off point.

Results
We included 549 participants in the analysis. The frequency of undiagnosed dysglycemia was 17.8%. The AUROC of LAFINDRISC and FINDRISC were 71.5% and 69.2%; p = 0.007, respectively. The optimal cut-off for undiagnosed dysglycemiaaccording to Index Youden was ≥ 11 in LAFINDRISC (Sensitivity: 78.6%; Specificity: 51.7%) and ≥12 in FINDRISC (Sensitivity: 70.4%; Specificity: 53.9%)

Conclusion
The discriminative capacity of both questionnaires is good for the diagnosis of dysglycemia in the healthcare personnel of the María Auxiliadora hospital. The LAFINDRISC presented a small statistical difference, nontheless clinically similar, since there was no difference by age or sex. Further studies in the general population are required to validate these results.
Comparative analysis of novel hormonal agents in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: A Taiwanese perspective
Authors: Huang Po-Chieh , Huang Li-Hua , Yang Cheng-Kuang , Li Jian-Ri , Chen Chuan-Shu , Wang Shian-Shiang , Chiu Kun-Yuan , Ou Yen-Chuan , Lin Chia-Yen 
Published: August 2024

Background
Non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) is an asymptomatic condition with the potential to progress to metastasis. Novel hormonal agents (NHAs) are currently considered the gold standard treatment for nmCRPC, offering significant survival benefits. However, further evidence is needed to determine whether there are differences in the performance of these drugs among Asian populations.

Methods
This retrospective analysis of nmCRPC patients aims to compare the efficacy and safety of three NHAs–apalutamide, darolutamide, and enzalutamide. Data were collected from two prominent prostate care centers in Taichung, Taiwan. Patient characteristics, treatment details, PSA responses, and adverse events were analyzed. Statistical comparisons were performed, and the study received Institutional Review Board approval.

Results
Total of 64 patients were recruited in this study, including 29 darolutamide, 26 apalutamide, and 9 enzalutamide patients. Baseline characteristics varied between the three patient groups, but the treatment response still revealed similar results. The apalutamide group experienced more adverse events, notably skin rash. Discontinuation rates due to adverse events differed among the groups, and patients receiving darolutamide were less likely to discontinue treatment.

Conclusion
This real-world study provides insights into NHA utilization in nmCRPC within the Taiwanese population. Adverse event profiles varied, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment decisions. The study underscores the importance of regional considerations and contributes valuable data for optimizing treatment outcomes in nmCRPC.