bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From elastic shallow shells to beams with elastic hinges by $$\Gamma $$-convergence
Authors: Paroni Roberto , Picchi Scardaoni Marco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-limit of a properly rescaled family of energies, defined on a narrow strip, as the width of the strip tends to zero. The limit energy is one-dimensional and is able to capture (and penalize) concentrations of the midline curvature. At the best of our knowledge, it is the first paper in the $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-convergence field for dimension reduction that predicts elastic hinges. In particular, starting from a purely elastic shell model with “smooth” solutions, we obtain a beam model where the derivatives of the displacement and/or of the rotation fields may have jump discontinuities. Mechanically speaking, elastic hinges can occur in the beam.
Evolution of electrical resistance of graphite foils during spark plasma sintering
Authors: Mwaro William B. , Mphahlele Mahlatse R. , Walker Mark 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe progression of the electrical resistance of graphite foils during spark plasma sintering process (SPS) was investigated at constant temperature and pressure. The study applied various set-ups of the SPS device, and the electrical data used for the evaluation of electrical resistance (heating power and current) was obtained from the SPS apparatus in real-time. The contact resistance and resistance due to graphite foil/s was evaluated by subtracting the resistance of the single punch set-up from the set-up of two punches in direct contact and the set-ups with various graphite foils. The results showed that during the initial stages of sintering, set-up resistance increases with time and that, overall, set-up resistance increases with number of graphite foils. Both contact resistance and resistance due to graphite foils was found to decrease with sintering time. In contrast to previous conceptions, the electrical resistance of graphite foils changes in response to sintering conditions during the SPS process.
Urgent and emergent pediatric cardiovascular imaging
Authors: de Lange Charlotte , Rodriguez Carlos Marin , Martinez-Rios Claudia , Lam Christopher Z. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe need for urgent or emergent cardiovascular imaging in children is rare when compared to adults. Patients may present from the neonatal period up to adolescence, and may require imaging for both traumatic and non-traumatic causes. In children, coronary pathology is rarely the cause of an emergency unlike in adults where it is the main cause. Radiology, including chest radiography and computed tomography in conjunction with echocardiography, often plays the most important role in the acute management of these patients. Magnetic resonance imaging can occasionally be useful and may be suitable in more subacute cases. Radiologists’ knowledge of how to manage and interpret these acute conditions including knowing which imaging technique to use is fundamental to appropriate care. In this review, we will concentrate on the most common cardiovascular emergencies in the thoracic region, including thoracic traumatic and non-traumatic emergencies and pulmonary vascular emergencies, as well as acute clinical disorders as a consequence of primary and postoperative congenital heart disease. This review will cover situations where cardiovascular imaging may be acutely needed, and not strictly emergencies only. Imaging recommendations will be discussed according to the different clinical presentations and underlying pathology.
Graphical Abstract
Long-term survivals of immune checkpoint inhibitors as neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy in dMMR/MSI-H colorectal and gastric cancers
Authors: Wang Zhenghang , Cheng Siyuan , Yao Yanhong , Liu Shengde , Liu Zimin , Liu Ning , Jin Yongdong , Zhang Yinjie , Yin Fei , Han Guangjie , Zhang Jingdong , Wang Qiwei , Yan Dong , Wang Li , Lu Hongxia , Deng Ting , Ji Zhi , Gao Hui , Fang Weijia , Zhang Hangyu , Chen Zhiyu , Zou Jianling , Tang Yong , Xu Chunlei , Li Jiayi , Qu Huajun , Bao Liying , Cao Baoshan , Wang Xicheng , Xu Ting , Sun Yu , Shen Lin , Peng Zhi , Li Jian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The long-term survival benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings is unclear for colorectal cancers (CRC) and gastric cancers (GC) with deficiency of mismatch repair (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H).

Methods
This retrospective study enrolled patients with dMMR/MSI-H CRC and GC who received at least one dose of neoadjuvant ICIs (neoadjuvant cohort, NAC) or adjuvant ICIs (adjuvant cohort, AC) at 17 centers in China. Patients with stage IV disease were also eligible if all tumor lesions were radically resectable.

Results
In NAC (n = 124), objective response rates were 75.7% and 55.4%, respectively, in CRC and GC, and pathological complete response rates were 73.4% and 47.7%, respectively. The 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were 96% (95%CI 90–100%) and 100% for CRC (median follow-up [mFU] 29.4 months), respectively, and were 84% (72–96%) and 93% (85–100%) for GC (mFU 33.0 months), respectively. In AC (n = 48), the 3-year DFS and OS rates were 94% (84–100%) and 100% for CRC (mFU 35.5 months), respectively, and were 92% (82–100%) and 96% (88–100%) for GC (mFU 40.4 months), respectively. Among the seven patients with distant relapse, four received dual blockade of PD1 and CTLA4 combined with or without chemo- and targeted drugs, with three partial response and one progressive disease.

Conclusion
With a relatively long follow-up, this study demonstrated that neoadjuvant and adjuvant ICIs might be both associated with promising DFS and OS in dMMR/MSI-H CRC and GC, which should be confirmed in further randomized clinical trials.
A dynamic state variable model suggests a stronger effect of age than individual energetic state on reproductive allocation in burying beetles
Authors: Yang Nathaneal Y. , Griffen Blaine D. , Creighton J. Curtis , Belk Mark C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEvolutionary fitness is determined by how an organism allocates energy, or other limited resources, to reproduction during its lifetime. For iteroparous organisms, two alternative patterns of lifetime reproductive allocation are terminal investment and reproductive restraint. Terminal investment maximizes an individual’s current reproductive output by allocating all available resources to current reproduction at the cost of future reproduction. In contrast, the reproductive restraint strategy allocates the individual’s resources toward future survival and reproductive events. We used dynamic state variable modeling to investigate the conditions under which the burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis, would balance between reproductive restraint and terminal investment over their lifetime. Our model provides a formal extension, specific to burying beetle biology, of the dynamic terminal investment threshold conceptual model. For young females, we show that delayed reproduction and reproductive restraint are the optimal tactic for all individuals except for those in the highest condition. However, as age increases, terminal investment becomes the optimal tactic over an increasingly broader range of individual conditions. Surprisingly, manipulation of a variety of factors, such as survival rate, resource availability, and metabolic costs, causes only minor changes in the general pattern observed. We suggest that in burying beetles, and other similar organisms, age plays a dominant role in determining the pattern of reproductive allocation over a lifetime. Individual energetic condition is important in changing the boundaries between alternative reproductive strategies, but it does not change the overall pattern of dominance of delayed reproduction or reproductive restraint at early ages and dominance of terminal investment with increasing age.
Atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy visualisation of channel occupancy in beryl in different crystallographic directions
Authors: Hanser Carina Silke , Vullum Per Erik , van Helvoort Antonius Theodorus Johannes , Schmitz Fabian Dietmar , Häger Tobias , Botcharnikov Roman , Holst Bodil 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe causes of colour in beryl have been a research topic for decades. For some varieties, such as emerald (green, coloured by Cr3+ and/or V3+), the main cause of colour is substitutions by metal atoms within the framework. However, the causes for the yellow and blue colours in heliodor, golden beryl and aquamarine are still debated. It is generally agreed that Fe ions are responsible for the colour, but there are differing conclusions about the valence states of these ions, the occupied positions and the colour-inducing processes involved. The colour of aquamarine is commonly attributed to intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) between Fe3+ and Fe2+. Various combinations of sites have been proposed to host the Fe ions engaging in this IVCT. Here we present a new approach to address the topic of colour generation: atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). For the first time, atomic resolution images of a beryl (natural aquamarine) are presented in the three crystallographic directions [0001], [1-210] and [1-100]. Ions are clearly resolved in the channels. From the ratio of channel occupation and the correlation of the atoms per formula unit (apfu) calculations we conclude that Fe resides in the framework, not in the channels. The projections in the [1-210] direction directly show that the cavity channel site 2a is occupied, most likely by Cs, in agreement with recent results in the literature.
High-speed single-frame polarimeter for thermal radiation to measure the 3D geometry of hot metal surfaces
Authors: Sawannia Michael , Berger Peter , Weber Rudolf , Hagenlocher Christian , Graf Thomas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe 3D geometry of the interaction zone in laser material processing is of major importance as it defines the absorption of the laser beam and may influence the hydrodynamics of the process. With the aim of measuring this geometry, which typically changes with frequencies in the order of 10 kHz, a single-frame polarimeter with acquisition rates of up to 75 kHz is presented in this work. It simultaneously records four images of the thermal process emission, through four linear polarizers with different orientations. The formulae required for the reconstruction of the 3D geometry from these images are derived and validated on an example of a heated steel sphere. The reconstructed geometry was found to be in good agreement with the examined sphere. An experimental example is also given of the application of this technology to geometry measurement of a highly dynamic laser cutting front at a framerate of 75 kHz.
Orthogonal plating for complex olecranon fractures: retrospective case series with patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Ingwersen Tjalling Aurelius Sebastiaan , Wagner Robert Kaspar , Veenendaal Wouter , Kloen Peter 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Treatment for complex olecranon fractures with metaphyseal comminution can be challenging. To improve reduction maneuvers and augment stability, we apply a small medial and/or lateral locking compression plate (LCP) prior to placing a posterior contoured 3.5 mm–2.7 mm LCP. The aim is to describe our technique and outcomes of this “orthogonal” plating technique.

Material and Methods
26 patients were treated with orthogonal plating. Clinical outcome variables were available for all patients at a median of 27 months (IQR 6–54), and patient-reported outcomes (Q-DASH and MEPS) for 23 patients at 38 months (IQR 18–71).

Results
All fractures healed at a median of 2.0 months (IQR 1.5–3.8). The median elbow flexion was 120°, extension-deficit 15°, pronation 88°, and supination 85°. The median Q-DASH was 9 (IQR 0–22) and the median MEPS was 90 (IQR 80–100). Hardware was electively removed in seven patients. One patient had a late superficial infection that resolved with hardware removal and antibiotics, and one patient had two consecutive re-fractures after two hardware removals; and healed after the second revision surgery.

Conclusion
Orthogonal plating with a posterior LCP and a small medial and/or lateral LCP is a safe technique that leads to excellent healing rates, and good clinical and patient-reported outcomes.
Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: can we measure it and can we treat it?
Authors: DeLuca John 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFatigue is a common and debilitating symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, after over 100 years of inquiry its definition, measurement and understanding remains elusive. This paper describes the challenges clinicians and researchers face when assessing and treating MS patients, as well as our understanding of neural mechanisms involved in fatigue. Challenges for the future are discussed.
Island hitchhikers: pathogen agents of Madeira and Azores ticks
Authors: Rosa Fernanda , Silva Carla , Rodrigues Ricardo , Esteves-Vieira Mariana , Barbosa Inês , Rosa Sara , Dias Deodália , Pina-Martins Francisco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTicks are blood-sucking arthropods that can transmit pathogens to their host. As insular ecosystems can enhance tick-host interactions, this study aimed to understand tick diversity, pathogen presence, and their respective associations in the Azores and Madeira archipelagos. Unfed or partially engorged ticks (n = 120) were collected from 58 cats and dogs in the Azores (n = 41 specimens) and Madeira (n = 79 specimens) from November 2018 to March 2019. Vector identification was based on morphology and molecular criteria. For pathogen sequencing, 18S gene fragment for Babesia/Hepatozoon and gltA for Rickettsia were performed. Sequence data was explored using BLAST and BLAST and phylogenetic inference tools. In the Azores, Ixodes hexagonus, I. ventalloi, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (n = 6; 14.6%, n = 6; 14.6%, and n = 29; 70.7% respectively) were found and in Madeira I. ricinus and R. sanguineus (n = 78, 98.7%; and n = 1, 1.3%; respectively) were identified. Tick COI markers confirmed species highlighting confirmation of R. sanguineus s.s. and genotype A of I. ventalloi. In the Azores Islands, the detected Rickettsia massiliae was linked to R. sanguineus (dogs and cats) and I. hexagonus (dogs), and in Madeira Island, R. monacensis (dogs) and Hepatozoon silvestris (cats) were found associated with I. ricinus. Further, I. ventalloi presence in the Azores expands west its known range, and Hepatozoon silvestris in Madeira may suggest that I. ricinus could have a role as a potential vector. Finally, as R. massiliae and R. monacensis presence underlines public health risks, surveillance by health authorities is crucial as pathogen-tick interactions may drive disease spread, therefore monitoring remains pivotal for disease prevention.
Identifying fine motor difficulties in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a scoping review
Authors: Hanna Silvia , El-Ayadi Moatasem , Abdelazeim Faten 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeSurvival rates for children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have increased significantly over recent decades, and thus attention shifted toward understanding the adverse effects of cancer treatment. Chemotherapy has side effects that could affect muscle state and diminish motor performance. This scoping review was conducted to map the breadth of evidence for different tools used in fine motor skills assessment, the extent of upper extremity strength, and fine motor performance, highlighting the potential risk factors that may influence these skills.MethodsIn March 2023, full-text studies that examined fine motor performance and/or upper extremity strength were identified via searches in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and PEDro databases. The titles and abstracts of selected studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.ResultsThe search yielded initial 418 citations and 26 peer-reviewed articles were finally included in the review. Considerable heterogeneity was observed regarding the methods of evaluating fine motor skills. The results of this review indicate that children and adolescents with ALL experienced fine motor limitations and upper extremity weakness either during or after cessation of treatment.ConclusionThis scoping review presents a broad overview of the literature addressing fine motor difficulties in the pediatric population with ALL. Results accentuate the need to incorporate strengthening and occupational therapy training to preserve muscle strength and minimize future fine motor problems along the course of chemotherapeutic treatment. Little evidence was reported regarding the risk factors that may impair muscle strength and motor performance.
Nutritional support in pancreatic cancer patients and its effect on nutritional status: an observational regional HPB network study investigating current practice
Authors: Wijma Allard G. , Hogenbirk Rianne N. M. , Driessens Heleen , Kluifhooft Daniëlle A. , Jellema-Betten Ellen S. , Tjalsma-de Vries Marlies , Liem Mike S. L. , Nieuwenhuijs Vincent B. , Manusama Eric M. , Hoogwater Frederik J. H. , Nijkamp Maarten W. , Beijer Sandra , Klaase Joost M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Preoperative malnutrition is associated with poor postoperative outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer. This study evaluated the effectiveness of current practice in nutritional support for patients with pancreatic cancer.

Methods
Observational multicenter HPB network study conducted at the Isala Clinics Zwolle, Medical Spectrum Twente, Medical Center Leeuwarden, and University Medical Center Groningen between October 2021 and May 2023. Patients with a suspected pancreatic malignancy scheduled for surgery were screened for malnutrition using the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) questionnaire and referred to a dedicated dietician for nutritional support comprising pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy, dietary advice, and nutritional supplements to achieve adequate caloric and protein intake. At baseline, 1 day preoperatively, and 3 months postoperatively, the nutritional status and muscle thickness were evaluated.

Results
The study included 30 patients, of whom 12 (40%) classified as malnourished (PG-SGA ≥ 4) at baseline. Compared to well-nourished patients, malnourished patients were younger, were predominantly female, and had a higher body mass index, despite having lost more body weight in the past 6 months. All malnourished patients and 78% of the well-nourished patients received nutritional support. Consequently, a preoperative increase in caloric and protein intake and body weight were observed. Postoperatively, despite a further increase in caloric intake, a considerable decrease in protein intake, body weight, and muscle thickness was observed.

Conclusion
Malnutrition is prevalent in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery. Nutritional support by a dedicated dietician is effective in enhancing patients’ preoperative nutritional status. However, postoperative monitoring of adequate nutritional intake in patients could be improved.
An elementary proof of existence and uniqueness for the Euler flow in localized Yudovich spaces
Authors: Crippa Gianluca , Stefani Giorgio 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe revisit Yudovich’s well-posedness result for the 2-dimensional Euler equations for an inviscid incompressible fluid on either a sufficiently regular (not necessarily bounded) open set $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^2$$

Ω
⊂

R

2

or on the torus $$\Omega =\mathbb {T}^2$$

Ω
=

T

2

. We construct global-in-time weak solutions with vorticity in $$L^1\cap L^p_{ul}$$

L
1

∩

L

ul

p

and in $$L^1\cap Y^\Theta _{ul}$$

L
1

∩

Y

ul

Θ

, where $$L^p_{ul}$$

L

ul

p

and $$Y^\Theta _{ul}$$

Y

ul

Θ

are suitable uniformly-localized versions of the Lebesgue space $$L^p$$

L
p

and of the Yudovich space $$Y^\Theta $$

Y
Θ

respectively, with no condition at infinity for the growth function $$\Theta $$
Θ
. We also provide an explicit modulus of continuity for the velocity depending on the growth function $$\Theta $$
Θ
. We prove uniqueness of weak solutions in $$L^1\cap Y^\Theta _{ul}$$

L
1

∩

Y

ul

Θ

under the assumption that $$\Theta $$
Θ
grows moderately at infinity. In contrast to Yudovich’s energy method, we employ a Lagrangian strategy to show uniqueness. Our entire argument relies on elementary real-variable techniques, with no use of either Sobolev spaces, Calderón–Zygmund theory or Littlewood–Paley decomposition, and actually applies not only to the Biot–Savart law, but also to more general operators whose kernels obey some natural structural assumptions.
On the directional asymptotic approach in optimization theory
Authors: Benko Matúš , Mehlitz Patrick 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
As a starting point of our research, we show that, for a fixed order

$$\gamma \ge 1$$

γ
≥
1

, each local minimizer of a rather general nonsmooth optimization problem in Euclidean spaces is either M-stationary in the classical sense (corresponding to stationarity of order 1), satisfies stationarity conditions in terms of a coderivative construction of order

$$\gamma $$

γ

, or is asymptotically stationary with respect to a critical direction as well as order

$$\gamma $$

γ

in a certain sense. By ruling out the latter case with a constraint qualification not stronger than directional metric subregularity, we end up with new necessary optimality conditions comprising a mixture of limiting variational tools of orders 1 and

$$\gamma $$

γ

. These abstract findings are carved out for the broad class of geometric constraints and

$$\gamma :=2$$

γ
:
=
2

, and visualized by examples from complementarity-constrained and nonlinear semidefinite optimization. As a byproduct of the particular setting

$$\gamma :=1$$

γ
:
=
1

, our general approach yields new so-called directional asymptotic regularity conditions which serve as constraint qualifications guaranteeing M-stationarity of local minimizers. We compare these new regularity conditions with standard constraint qualifications from nonsmooth optimization. Further, we extend directional concepts of pseudo- and quasi-normality to arbitrary set-valued mappings. It is shown that these properties provide sufficient conditions for the validity of directional asymptotic regularity. Finally, a novel coderivative-like variational tool is used to construct sufficient conditions for the presence of directional asymptotic regularity. For geometric constraints, it is illustrated that all appearing objects can be calculated in terms of initial problem data.