bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Symbolic Powers Versus Regular Powers of Ideals of General Points in ℙ1× ℙ1
Authors: Guardo Elena , Harbourne Brian , Van Tuyl Adam 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRecent work of Ein–Lazarsfeld–Smith and Hochster–Huneke raised the problem of which symbolic powers of an ideal are contained in a given ordinary power of the ideal. Bocci–Harbourne developed methods to address this problem, which involve asymptotic numerical characters of symbolic powers of the ideals. Most of the work done up to now has been done for ideals defining 0-dimensional subschemes of projective space. Here we focus on certain subschemes given by a union of lines in ℙ3that can also be viewed as points in ℙ1✗ ℙ1. We also obtain results on the closely related problem, studied by Hochster and by Li and Swanson, of determining situations for which each symbolic power of an ideal is an ordinary power.
Accuracy and Reliability of Volume Measurements by 3D Ultrasound: A Prospective Study Performed by Novices
Authors: Nguyen Tho Quynh , Flores Melanie , Ortiz Melchor , Lee Soyoung , Mulla Zuber D 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study evaluates the accuracy and reliability of off-line volume measurement using virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCALTM) and two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound by novices.

Methods
Thirty medical students, 15 sonographers and three experts were recruited to measure a liver, a gestational sac and a breast cancer lesion using 2D ultrasound and threedimensional (3D) VOCALTM method. The VOCALTM measurements produced by the experts were used as the gold standard for comparison. Accuracy and reliability were assessed by analysis of variance followed by a mean separation procedure.

Results
The t-test revealed with statistical significance that in measuring the liver, students outperformed sonographers regardless of 2D or VOCALTM methods; also, VOCALTM generated more accurate measurements than 2D ultrasound in both groups. In regards to the gestational sac, students continued to perform well with both 2D and VOCALTM while the sonographers were accurate by using VOCALTM only. Both groups of novices were not accurate with measuring the breast lesion. VOCALTM increased the novices’ interobserver reliability but not intraobserver reliability.

Conclusion
Students and sonographers can measure regularly shaped structures, such as the gestational sac accurately and reliably using VOCALTM. VOCALTM increased interobserver reliability in all groups of operators.

How to cite this article
Nguyen TQ, Flores M, Ortiz M, Lee S, Mulla ZD, Plavsic SK. Accuracy and Reliability of Volume Measurements by 3D Ultrasound: A Prospective Study Performed by Novices. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(3):219-224.
Diagnosis and Management of Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome
Authors: Rossi A Cristina , Addario Vincenzo D’ 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
Twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) is a complication unique to monochorionic twin pregnancies, in which the two twins share a common placenta and unequal blood exchange from one twin (donor) to the cotwin occurs through placental arterovenous anastomoses. The diagnosis is posed with the sonographic detection of oligohydramnios in the donor's sac, as a consequence of hypovolemia, and polyhydramnios in the recipient's sac, resulting from hypervolemia. The severity of TTTS is assessed according to Quintero staging system, which is based on five stages that range from visualization of the donor's bladder to intrauterine demise of one or both twins. Because laser therapy has revealed the optimal treatment for TTTS, management of twins affected with TTTS consists in preoperative and postoperative assessment of the twins by ultrasound examination. The aim of this review was to describe the diagnosis and management of TTTS and discuss controversies and limitations of current literature.

How to cite this article
Rossi AC, D'Addario V. Diagnosis and Management of Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;6(3):286-289.
Isolated Primary Subglottic Laryngeal Amyloidosis Presenting as Sudden Airway Obstruction
Authors: Nayar Ravi C , Kakkillaya Shreekantha B , Tandon Shantanu 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTLaryngeal amyloidosis of head and neck is a rare benign disease of unknown etiology. It accounts for less than 1% of all the benign laryngeal tumors. It is seen most commonly in the 5th to 7th decade of life with 3:1 male to female predominance. It may present with hoarseness, pain or difficulty in breathing.We report a case of isolated laryngeal amyloidosis in a 46-year-old female who presented to us as a surgical emergency in stridor, requiring a tracheostomy. The patient was managed by staged microlaryngoscopy and CO2laser excision, and is on regular follow-up.Laryngeal amyloidosis is an uncommon benign pathology, and can present with acute airway obstruction. Isolated subglottic laryngeal amyloidosis should be kept in mind in any case presenting with acute upper respiratory tract obstruction. Longterm follow-up is essential because of the slowly progressive nature of the disease.How to cite this articleVamanshankar H, Kakkillaya SB, Tandon S, Nayar RC. Isolated Primary Subglottic Laryngeal Amyloidosis Presenting as Sudden Airway Obstruction. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2012;2(1):30-32.
The Efficacy of Treatment for Vocal Fold Bowing with Pulsed Dye Laser
Authors: Koo Yong Cheol , Chung Hyo Jin , Suh Michelle J , Choi Hong-Shik 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
Bowing of the vocal folds can result from aging, atrophy or idiopathic causes, such as an injudicious vocal cord surgery. Bowing results in dysphonia due to inadequate approximation of the vocal folds.
A number of treatments have been proposed for this condition. Intracordal injection of biological materials including liquid silicon and Teflon and various types of thyroplasty have been utilized. However, full voice recovery has never been fully achieved.
We present a case involving a 64-year-old Asian man with dysphonia for 30 years. The patient's vocal fold bowing was examined on laryngoscopy. The disease was effectively treated with pulsed dye laser (PDL) followed by speech therapy.
Observation of the patient over 1 year did not show any signs of recurrence. Our analysis revealed voice quality improvement.

How to cite this article
Koo YC, Chung HJ, Suh MJ, Choi HS. The Efficacy of Treatment for Vocal Fold Bowing with Pulsed Dye Laser. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2012;2(1):46-48.
“None but Myself Shall Play the Changeling”:
Authors: Buccola Regina 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT
This essay explores the overlap between many standard features of the gypsy stereotype in early modern England and early modern beliefs about fairies. Ultimately, this feminist reading of these intersecting early modern dramatic narratives concludes that the “folly” characteristic of fairy and gypsy narratives is, quite often, empowering for the women whose lives it touches: in The Spanish Gypsy, the gypsy patriarch's response to Constanza's headstrong assertion “None but myself shall play the changeling” is “Do what thou wilt” (2.1.124–25).
Suivi et optimisation d’une station de décontamination des eaux usées de la filière traitement de surface : abattement chimique et impact écotoxicologique
Authors: Charles Jérémie , Crini Grégorio , Sancey Bertrand , Trunfio Giuseppe , Badot Pierre-Marie , Morin-Crini Nadia , Minary Jean-François , Gavoille Sophie , Lagarrigue Céline , Torri Giangiacomo , Vismara Elena , Winterton Peter 
Published: September 2012

Les traitements de surfaces (TS) utilisent des volumes importants d’eau et de produits chimiques dans leurs procédés de fabrication. Bien que des efforts considérables en matière d’amélioration des procédés aient été réalisés depuis 20 ans, la filière TS est encore considérée comme l’une des plus polluantes en matière de rejets. Le principal problème environnemental auquel est confrontée la filière est celui de la forte charge polluante des eaux issues de leurs procédés. Ces eaux usées sont complexes et difficiles à traiter car elles contiennent des polluants de nature et de concentration variables, et de plus susceptibles d’interactions. La législation étant de plus en plus exigeante dans de nombreux pays, les industriels tendent à réduire les impacts environnementaux. La technique de décontamination qui fait référence dans le secteur TS est la physico-chimie, qui consiste à insolubiliser les polluants par ajout de substances chimiques, et à séparer les deux phases eau-boue par un procédé physique. Dans ce contexte, nous avons analysé et optimisé pendant 24 mois le fonctionnement d’une station de traitement. Cet article présente les abattements chimiques obtenus suite aux différentes solutions d’optimisation validées en laboratoire puis transposées sur site industriel. L’optimisation de la station a permis de diminuer respectivement la charge organique, les nitrites et le zinc de 60 à 80 %, de 70 à 90 %, et de 70 à 95 %. Afin d’évaluer l’intérêt de chaque proposition d’optimisation, des tests écotoxicologiques normalisés de germination de graines de laitues ont été réalisés sur les effluents. La diminution des concentrations en polluants dans les eaux correspond à une diminution de l’impact du rejet sur la germination des graines. Des tests de croissance des plantes ont également confirmé le gain environnemental obtenu. Les tests biologiques proposés sont de bons indicateurs des concentrations en contaminants présents dans les eaux. Ces tests simples, peu onéreux et fiables peuvent être utilisés en routine pour évaluer les impacts d’un rejet.
Persistance des entérovirus dans les eaux usées à Yopougon, Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Kouassi Julien Momou , Akoua-Koffl Chantal , Traore Karim  Sory , Edgard Valéry  Adjogoua , Tieoulou Leontine , Boni Juste Géraud , Signo Paul  Koffi , Djako Sosthène Akre , Guidy Françoise , Traore Fanta , Houenou Pascal Valentin , Dosso Mireille 
Published: September 2012

Plusieurs facteurs environnementaux contribuent au maintien de l’infectivité des entérovirus hors de l’organisme dans divers milieux hydriques pendant parfois de longues périodes. Cette étude effectuée in situ avait pour but : (i) d’isoler les entérovirus des eaux usées urbaines et lagunaires sur quatre lignées cellulaires, (ii) de suivre la distribution et la persistance de ces virus sous l’influence des facteurs environnementaux abiotiques. Les échantillons d'eaux usées ont été collectés à neuf points de prélèvement le long d'un canal dont l'écoulement débouche sur une lagune tropicale à Yopougon. Les entérovirus ont été concentrés par l’utilisation de DextranT40 et du Polyéthylène glycol 6000 selon des recommandations de l'OMS. Les mesures du pH, de la température, de la conductivité et de la salinité ont été effectuées sur site. La détermination des sulfates (SO42-) a été réalisée conformément à la HACH METHOD 8051.
Parmi les échantillons d'eaux usées brutes (n = 45) et lagunaire (n = 21), 68,9 % et 52,4 % respectivement se sont révélés positifs à l'isolement viral. La présence des entérovirus a été confirmée par RT-PCR dans 57,8 % et 42,8 % des échantillons d'eaux usées brutes et lagunaires. Nous avons observé pour des pluviométries de 0,4 mm et de 252,9 mm que des échantillons étaient positifs respectivement dans 44,4 % et 60,9 % des cas. Par ailleurs, les entérovirus infectieux ont été détectés en milieu lagunaire pour une gamme de températures oscillant de 26 oC à 30 oC. Ces valeurs se situent au-dessus du seuil de 22 oC où leur survie serait affectée dans les estuaires.
Cette étude semble démontrer que la valeur maximale du pH (pH Max = 9,57) et de la salinité (salinité Max = 10,7) couplée à d'autres facteurs environnementaux ne favoriserait pas la persistance des entérovirus.
Les interactions entre ces eaux et les populations le long du canal et en aval exposent celles-ci à des risques sanitaires multiples.
Analyse des services d'eau non conventionnels dans les quartiers à habitat spontané : cas du quartier EBA'A dans la périphérie de la ville de Yaoundé (région du centre au Cameroun)
Authors: Ndongo Barthelémy , Ngnikam Emmanuel , Mbouendeu Stéphane Lako 
Published: September 2012

Cet article présente une analyse du service d’eau non conventionnel (service n’ayant fait l’objet d’aucune convention (cahier de charge, contrat, norme ou règlement, etc.), et donc organisé de façon intuitive par les utilisateurs) d’un quartier à habitat spontané de la périphérie de Yaoundé (EBA’A). L’étude aura consisté à : identifier les caractéristiques de ce service, relever les contraintes auxquelles ses usagers sont soumis, identifier les principaux déterminants de satisfaction de la clientèle et définir les perspectives d’amélioration de ce service. Pour cela, une enquête ménage a été effectuée dans le quartier sur un échantillon représentatif de la population étudiée. Cette enquête fut complétée par des observations et mesures faites sur le terrain. L’analyse des données collectées révèle que les services d’eau locaux non conventionnels s’appuient sur des ouvrages de desserte autonomes qui sont considérablement éloignés des usagers. Ce type de service semble contraignant pour les ménages d’EBA’A, et ce, plus sur le plan des conditions d’approvisionnement que du coût du service. C’est pourquoi, en guise d’amélioration, les ménages souhaitent avoir un service d’eau potable proche et permanent, même si son coût demeure élevé. Cependant, il existe un seuil de 2,10 $•m-3 pour ces populations. Dans ces conditions, un délai de paiement des factures d’au moins dix jours, avec des interruptions de service n’excédant pas trois jours, semble tolérable pour ces ménages. Ainsi, les services d’eau potable non conventionnels pourraient s’avérer être des alternatives d’accès à l’eau potable satisfaisantes dans les quartiers défavorisés, à condition qu’ils soient proches des usagers, permanents, et qu’ils aient un coût supportable par les ménages.
Preparation of Azido Containing Oligonucleotides Through Diazo Transfer Reaction
Authors: Lartia Rémy , Bonnat Laureen , Murat Pierre , Defrancq Eric 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe use of diazo transfer reagent, imidazole‐1‐sulfonyl azide hydrochloride (ISAHC), in the presence of Cu2+ cation enables clean and efficient conversion of aminated oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) into their azido counterparts under mild conditions. ODNs bearing amino tether either at the 3′, 5′, or any internal position could be modified in this way, thus demonstrating the versatility of this reaction. The method also benefits from the commercial availability or easy access by routine automated DNA synthesis of amino‐containing oligodeoxyribonucleotide starting material. Easy access to such azido‐modified ODNs is of great interest for conjugation in particular through copper catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition (CuAAC reaction). Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 50:4.50.1‐4.50.7. © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Commentary on ‘Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in children (published trials only)’
Authors: Parker Michelle , Shah Samir S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Wang K, Shun‐Shin M, Gill P, Perera R, Harnden A. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in children (published trials only). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD002744. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002744.pub4.Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Summary article. Copyright © 2012 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
Adrenalectomy and Castration in the Genetically Obese (OB/OB) Mouse
Authors: Shimizu Hiroyuki , Ohshim Kihachi , Peterson Margaret , Swerdloff Ronald S. , Bray George A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe present studies have tested the hypothesis that adrenalectomy could modify the phenotypic expression of genetic obesity by examining the effects of adrenalectomy on the function of the gonadal system in lean and ob/ob mice. Corticosterone concentrations were undetectable in the adrenalectomized animals. Adrenalectomy significantly slowed the weight gain of obese mice in comparison to sham‐adrenalectomized controls. Gonadectomy had no independent effect on weight gain. The testes, prostate, and seminal vesicles in the ob/ob mice were significantly smaller than in the lean animals. Castration lowered the weights of the prostate and seminal vesicles in the lean mice to weights close to those observed in the castrated ob/ob mice. Castration significantly increased the concentrations of LH and FSH in both ob/ob and lean mice, but the absolute concentrations were higher in the lean mice in both conditions. Adrenalectomy per se had no effect on the concentration of LH, FSH, or testosterone or on the weights of the prostate or seminal vesicles. These data indicate that adrenalectomy has no effect on the physiologic control of the reproductive system in genetically obese mice, and are consistent with the hypothesis that the defect in the ob/ob mouse is a modulator of steroid action which over expresses glucocorticoid effects and under expresses gonadal steroid effects.
Weight Cycling: A Review of the Animal Literature
Authors: Reed George W , Hill James O. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis review critically evaluates the animal literature concerning the effects of weight cycling on factors related to development of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Although human studies have been used to retrospectively examine the relationship between fluctuations in body weight and a variety of disease markers, direct causal links between weight cycling and negative health effects have been inferred from a series of scientific publications using animals as subjects. We use data from 24 such publications to evaluate evidence for and against a series of hypotheses that have been suggested regarding weight cycling and health. Although there are some intriguing results, there is currently little evidence to support any of these hypotheses. However, methodological limitations were identified in many of these studies, and caution should be used in making definitive decisions about weight cycling. Weight cycling studies could be improved by including more appropriate controls, comparing controls to weight cycling animals at more appropriate time points, and giving more attention to potential effects of diet composition. While more careful research is needed, at this time we conclude that the published animal literature does not justify any warnings about the hazards of weight cycling.
Level of Preadipocyte Growth Factor in Rat Adipose Tissue which Specifically Permits the Proliferation of Preadipocytes Is Affected by Restricted Energy Intake
Authors: Aoki Naohito , Kawada Teruo , Sugimoto Etsuro 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe previously reported the presence of a protein growth factor in rat adipose tissue which specifically permits the proliferation of 3T3‐L1 and Obl771 preadipocytes [Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1990;171:905–912, ref. 1] and which is hereinafter referred to as PAGF (preadipocyte growth factor). In this study, the effects of long‐term restricted energy intake on the PAGF activity in rat epididymal and perirenal adipose tissue toward 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes were investigated. When rats were subjected to restricted energy intake for three weeks, PAGF activity increased with energy intake. The body weight, epididymal and perirenal fat depot weights and glycerol 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity also increased with the energy intake, whereas the lactate dehydrogenase activity remained almost constant in all energy intake groups. These results suggest that the PAGF in fat depots functions in response to energy intake and contributes to the de novo formation of adipocytes and the growth of adipose tissue. This factor may provide a useful tool for further elucidation of the relationship between energy storage in adipose tissue and adipose tissue development.
Segregation Analysis of Body Mass Index in an Unselected French‐Canadian Sample: The Québec Family Study
Authors: Rice Treva , Borecki Ingrid B. , Bouchard Claude , Ruo RD.C. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractInterest in a single gene etiology for obesity, as assessed by the body mass index (BMI), has been spurred recently by reports of a putative recessive major gene for extreme values, which accounts for as much as 40% of the variance. The major gene hypothesis was evaluated here in the Québec Family Study, a random sample of 375 French‐Canadian volunteer families. This report represents one component in a more complete investigation of obesity in these families. In contrast to the recent studies, a major gene hypothesis for BMI was not verified here. Although there was a major effect, it did not conform to a Mendelian pattern of transmission. A multifactorial component (i.e., polygenic and/or common environmental factors) accounted for 42% of the phenotypic variance. In addition, evidence of heterogeneity between the generations was found. The heterogeneity was traced to the major non‐Mendelian component (which accounted for 0.01% of the variance in parents and over 40% in offspring) rather than to the multifactorial one. These results would suggest that a simple recessive gene mixed model may not be sufficient to explain the familial distribution of the BMI. Several factors which may have contributed to these results include temporal trends and surrogate effects such as those related to variation in body composition and energy balance components. (OBESITY RESEARCH 1993; 1:288–294)
Duration of Improved Muscle Glucose Uptake After Acute Exercise in Obese Zucker Rats
Authors: Betts Jeffery J. , Sherman William M. , Reed Michael J. , Gao Jiaping P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSkeletal muscle is insulin resistant in the obese Zucker rat. Endurance training reduces muscle insulin resistance, but the effects of a single acute exercise session on muscle insulin resistance in the obese Zucker rat are unknown. Therefore, insulin responsiveness of muscle glucose uptake was measured in 15‐week‐old obese rats either 1, 48, or 72 hours after two hours of intermittent exercise (3030 min; work:rest). Hindlimbs of sedentary lean (LS) and obese (OS) rats and exercised obese (OE) rats were perfused after a 10‐hour fast under both basal (0 mU.ml−1) and maximal (20 mU.ml−1) insulin concentrations to measure net glucose uptake. Insulin responsiveness of net glucose uptake was significantly reduced in OS compared to LS (8.5 ± 1.6 vs 15.3 ± 2.0 μmol.g−1.h−1, respectively). Compared to OS, insulin responsiveness of net glucose uptake was significantly increased by 56% and 80% at 1 hour and 48 hours after acute exercise. However, 72 hours after acute exercise, the increased insulin responsiveness of net glucose uptake was no longer evident. These results indicate that improved responsiveness of muscle glucose uptake persists for at least 48 hours after two hours of acute intermittent exercise in 15‐week‐old obese Zucker rats. (OBESITY RESEARCH 1993; 1:295–302)