bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
791 – Dual Diagnosis of Schizophrenia and Substance Abuse: The Need for Awareness
Authors: Rady A. , Salama H. , Elkholy O. , Shawky A. 
Published: July 2013

Background:The dual diagnosis of substance abuse and severe mental illness has been proposed by some authors to highlight the high frequency of such association. Our objectif was to determine the prevalence of dual diagnosis among mentally ill patients and and particularly schizophrenic patients. as a secondary purpose, to describe the profile of patient at higher risk to develop dual diagnosis.Method:683 mentally ill patients were recruited from el Mamoura Psychiatric Hospital, they were assessed by the Arabic version of 6 item K6 scale, those scoring above 13 were submitted to a structured clininical interview SCID-I module for schizophrenia, urine screening for drugs of abuse and complete history of substance abuse and other medical disciplines.Results:22% of the sample fulfill the diagnosis of dual diagnosis. 28.99% of the sample were schizophrenic, 16.67% among the later were fulfilling diagnosis of dual diagnosis. Results reveals higher risk for dual diagnosis in patients younger in age, single, low socioeconomic state and low level of education. Those having dual diagnosis tend to have early onset, longer duration of illness, poor compliance, higher rate of smoking and increased number of relapses.Conclusion:Double diagnosis is an important issue that needs more focus in mental health services. Awareness of mental health providers about dual diagnosis is highly recommended.
792 – Dual Diagnosis of Mood Disorder and Substance Abuse: The Need for Awareness
Authors: Rady A. , Salama H. , Elkholy O. , Shawky A. 
Published: July 2013

Background:The dual diagnosis of substance abuse and severe mental illness has been proposed by some authors to highlight the high frequency of such association. Our objectif was to determine the prevalence of dual diagnosis among mentally ill patients and and particularly mood disorder patients. as a secondary purpose, to describe the profile of patient at higher risk to develop dual diagnosis.Method:683 mentally ill patients were recruited from el Mamoura Psychiatric Hospital, they were assessed by the Arabic version of 6 item K6 scale, those scoring above 13 were submitted to a structured clininical interview SCID-I module for mood disorder, urine screening for drugs of abuse and complete history of substance abuse and other medical disciplines.Results:22% of the sample fulfill the diagnosis of dual diagnosis. 39.68% of the sample had mood disorder, 17.71% among the later were fulfilling diagnosis of dual diagnosis. No difference between MDD and Bipolar disorder regarding rate of dual diagnosis. Results reveals higher risk for dual diagnosis in patients younger in age, single, low socioeconomic state and low level of education. Those having dual diagnosis tend to have early onset, longer duration of illness, poor compliance, higher rate of smoking and increased number of relapses.Conclusion:Double diagnosis is an important issue that needs more focus in mental health services. Awareness of mental health providers about dual diagnosis is highly recommended.
803 – Correlates of Cannabis use Disorders among Bipolar Outpatients Enrolled in the Bipolar Expert Centers French Network
Authors: Icick R. , Guillaume S. , Gard S. , Desage A. , Barde M. , Henry C. , Bellivier F. ,   The BIPADD Group of FACE
Published: July 2013

Introduction:Bipolar disorder (BIPD) is a chronic and disabling illness with frequent comorbid addictive disorders (ADD). Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of cannabis use disorders (CUD) in that population.Objectives:We sought to characterize clinical, sociodemographic, childhood trauma and psychological correlates associated with CUD in bipolar patients.Aims:Our main hypothesis was that BIPD + CUD patients would be more impulsive and affectively unstable than those without.Methods:Patients enrolled in a French national network underwent a thorough assessment including lifetime diagnoses using the SCID-IV questionnaire and measures of current symptomatology (Altman and MADRS), impulsivity (BIS-10), emotional instability (AIM and ALS), hostility (BDHI) and history of childhood trauma (CTQ). Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify specific associations between several correlates and CUD status.Results:Among the 718 patients included, 414 (57.7%) were women, with a mean age of 43 years, and 546 (76.4%) were diagnosed with type I bipolar disorder and 190 (26.9%) had at least one lifetime substance use disorder. CUD were associated with lifetime history of suicidal behavior, psychotic symptoms during an affective episode, rapid cycling and CTQ sub-scores, clinical and psychological dimensions. Parts of these associations remained after controlling for comorbid alcohol use disorders.Conclusions:These results suggest a high prevalence of CUD in BIPD, which was associated with a higher severity and worse outcomes of illness. Although the retrospective nature of this study prevents causal interpretations, our results suggest that at-risk traits among CUD+BIPD patients may induce these clinical features.
807 – the Relationship Between Ward Occupancy Level and Staff-to-patient Ratio and Incidents of Aggressive Behavior on An Acute Psychiatric Inpatient Unit in Iran
Authors: Motamedi B. , Pak M. 
Published: July 2013

Objective:Violence in psychiatric wards is common, and it is on the rise. This study examined the relationship between ward occupancy level and staff-to-patient ratio and incidents of aggressive behavior, both physical and verbal, on an acute inpatient unit in Iran.Methods:Logistic regression was used to analyze data collected from the ward's log of adverse incidents and the ward census over a 12-month period. A physical incident was defined as an unwelcome physical contact or willful damage to property. Incidents of self-harm were excluded. Verbal aggression was any threat of physical or sexual harm.Results:Among 381 admissions during the study period, 58 incidents were recorded--25 incidents of verbal aggression and 33 incidents of physical violence. Logistic regression demonstrated that the occupancy level was positively associated with the occurrence of any type of violent incident. the average occupancy level when an incident occurred was 77 percent, compared with 69 percent when no incidents occurred. the average occupancy level was significantly higher when verbal incidents occurred (80 percent) than when physical incidents occurred (70 percent). No association was found between violence and staff-to-patient ratio. Incidents were significantly more likely to occur during the afternoon shifts (3 p.m. to 11 p.m.).Conclusions:Crowding was found to be significantly associated with aggressive incidents, and in particular with verbal aggression.
828 – Smoking Cessation in Pregnant Women with Mental Disorders: A Cohort and Nested Qualitative Study
Authors: Howard L. , Rowe M. , Bewley S. , Marteau T. , Demilew J. 
Published: July 2013

Objective:To investigate whether 1) pregnant smokers with mental disorders are less likely to accept referrals to smoking cessation services compared to pregnant smokers without disorders; 2) they experience specific barriers to smoking cessation.Design:Cohort study supplemented by cross-sectional survey and nested qualitative study.Setting:Three maternity services, London, UKPopulation:Pregnant smokers with and without mental disorders.Methods:Case notes were examined on a cohort of 400 consecutive pregnant smokers; data were triangulated with routinely collected data on 845 pregnant smokers at 2 other sites; 27 pregnant smokers were interviewed using qualitative methods.Main outcome measures:Acceptance of referral to smoking cessation services; Perceived barriers to quitting.Results:Pregnant smokers with a mental disorder recorded by midwives were a quarter of the cohort (97, 23%), were more likely to accept referral to smoking cessation services (69% vs 56%, AOR 1.70), but more likely to still smoke at delivery (69% vs 56% AOR 2.63). Discussion about smoking was documented in 7.7% of subsequent antenatal visits in women with or without mental disorders. Pregnant smokers with diagnosed mental disorders reported that they and health practitioners did not prioritise smoking advice due to concern about adversely impacting mental health.Conclusions:Pregnant women with mental disorders appear more motivated, yet find it more difficult, to stop smoking. Prioritisation of mental health over smoking may thus lead to increasing health inequality for this group. Research into effective smoking cessation interventions is required for those with mental disorders.
839 – Sloreta Findings In Patients With Panic Disorder, Changes After Combined Therapy - Pilot Study
Authors: Kamaradova D. , Prasko J. , Cerna M. , Grambal A. , Jelenova D. , Latalova K. , Sigmundova Z. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionPanic disorder is frequent psychiatric disorder characterized by sudden and unexpected onset of a panic attack, characterized by terror or impending doom, and associated with many somatic symptoms. Panic is considered as a state of hyperarousal, the EEG has had a prominent place in anxiety studies. sLORETA (standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography) is now widely used research method investigating the electrical activity of the brain with zero localization error and ability to reconstruct multiple resources.ObjectivesEEG may be useful toll in looking for predictors to therapeutic response.AimsThe study aimed at finding electrotomographic differences between patients with panic disorder who respond to combined therapy.MethodWe measured patients with Panic disorder. Diagnosis was confirmed by M.I.N.I. (MINI-international neuropsychiatric interview). Patients were treated both by psychotropics and CBT (cognitive behavioral therapy) for six week. The symptoms intensity was assessed using BAI (Beck Anxiety Inventory) and BDI (Beck Depression Inventory). They were also examined by EEG. It was measured in rest state with closed eyes, using standard 10-20 montage with 19 electrodes. Measurements were carried out at the beginning and after 6 weeks of therapy.ResultsWe found decreased absolute power in alfa-2 (10.5 - 12 Hz) activity in anterior cingulated, and increased absolute power in beta-3 (21.5 - 30 Hz) activity in superior frontal gyrus.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that cognitive behavioural psychotherapy can cause changes in brain activity.Supported byIGA MZ CR NT 11047-4/2010
852 – Family Climate, Expressed Emotion, And Parental Attitudes In Families Of Alcoholics
Authors: Cosci F. , Bertoli G. , Berrocal C. , Londi I. , Patussi V. , Sirigatti S. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionParental alcoholism may lead to adverse psychological outcomes for those who grow up in such family environments.ObjectivesSeveral studies show that children of alcoholics (COAs) live in family climates characterized by conflict, unpredictability, and manifestations of contempt. Moreover, COAs are exposed to a high level of expressed emotion due, for instance, to threats and denigration.AimsWe compared a group of COAs with a group of non COAs measuring the family climate, the level of expressed emotion and the parental attitudes on the basis of both children and parents' point of view.Methods25 COAs (mean age 17,8 ± 3,3 years) and 25 non COAs (mean age 18,3 ± 3,3 years), matched for age and sex, were evaluated in the frame of an observational naturalistic study design. Self-administered rating scales were used to assess the level of expressed emotion in the family (Level of Expressed Emotion Scale - LEES), the parental (Parental Attitudes Scales - PAD) and family (Family Attitudes Questionnaire - FAQ) attitudes.ResultsThe two groups did differ for FAQ total score and for the FAQ subscale assessing the relation between parents. They also differed for the level of expressed emotion (i.e., LEES total score) and for the LEES subscale assessing tolerance and expectations.ConclusionsCOAs are characterized by the perception of a negative family climate that is primarily expressed in terms of conflict and deterioration of relationship between parents.
856 – Early Detection Of Depression In Children And Adolescents: The New Children's Depression Screener (child-s) And The Depression Screener For Teenagers (desteen)
Authors: Allgaier A.-K. , Dolle K. , Pietsch K. , Frühe B. , Saravo B. , Schulte-Körne G. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionDepression in children and adolescents is still underdiagnosed. Valid and brief screening-tools for these age groups are missing.ObjectiveFor children and adolescents in particular, we developed the screening-tools ChilD-S and DesTeen and assessed their validity as opposed to established instruments.MethodsBoth screeners were validated in a paediatric (228 children, 316 adolescents) and a clinical sample (77 children, 87 adolescents). Gold standard for validation were ICD-10 diagnoses of a depressive episode or dysthymia based on a structured interview. Using receiver operating characteristic analyses, the area under the curve (AUC) and the cut-offs with the highest sum of sensitivity and specificity were computed. In addition, it was examined whether the instruments differed significantly in validity measures.ResultsPoint-prevalences were 5.3% (children) and 9.8% (adolescents) in paediatric care and 23.5% and 26.1% in clinical care.The 8-item ChilD-S yielded AUCs of 98% and 93% in the paediatric and in the clinical sample. Sensitivities were 100% and 94%, with specificities of 87% and 78%.The abbreviated 6-item DesTeen showed an AUC of 95% in both settings. Sensitivities were 100% and 91% in the paediatric and in the clinical sample, specificities were 82% and 89%. Being even shorter, the two screening-tools performed equally well or better than the established instruments.ConclusionsThe ChilD-S and the DesTeen discriminate well between depression and depression-like symptoms in somatic diseases as well as between depression and other forms of mental disorders. Valid and brief, they can both be recommended for usage in paediatric and clinical settings.
869 – Infections During Pregnancy And After Birth, And The Risk Of Autism Spectrum Disorders: a Register-based Study Utilizing a Danish Historic Birth Cohort
Authors: Abdallah M.W. , Hougaard D.M. , Nørgaard-Pedersen B. , Grove J. , Bonefeld-Jørgensen E.C. , Mortensen E.L. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionMounting evidence suggests that immune dysfunction may play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In addition, several studies have reported that congenital and postnatal infections may contribute to the neurobiological basis of ASD.Aims/objectivesThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between infections during pregnancy and after birth, and ASD.MethodsA case-control study design was adopted. Both cases and controls were retrieved from a historic birth cohort (HBC) maintained at Statens Serum Institute in Copenhagen/Denmark and were followed up retrospectively during pregnancy and after birth over four pre-defined periods. Study subjects were followed-up utilizing Danish nation-wide health registers for outpatient and hospital admissions due to infections. Associations between infections and ASD were analyzed using Mantel- Haenszel estimate of the odds ratio (OR) and logistic regression models.ResultsIn total, 414 ASD cases and 820 controls were followed-up during pregnancy and a mean 16.3 years after birth. Crude, but not adjusted estimates showed that ASD cases had an increased risk of hospital admission due to infection at the end of the first year of life (OR = 1.48 [range: 1.07-2.05], P = 0.02) and at the end of the follow-up period (OR = 1.30 [range: 1.02-1.64], P = 0.03).ConclusionThe present findings indicate that infections have a potential role in the pathophysiology of ASD; however, further studies are necessary to determine if infections etiologically contribute to ASD or if they act as an epiphenomenon due to distorted immunity in children with ASD.
872 – Characteristics Of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder In Patients With An Intellectual Disability
Authors: Wieland J. , Wardenaar K.J. , Dautovic E. , Zitman F.G. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundPeople with an intellectual disability (ID) are likely to experience traumatic events and more vulnerable to its disruptive effects and thus to post traumatic stress disorders (PTSD). Little is known about how these PTSDs present themselves in patients with ID and whether this presentation differs from patients without an ID.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to compare PTSD symptomatology in psychiatric outpatients with borderline to mild ID and outpatients without ID in naturalistic out-patient samples from psychiatric secondary care.Subjects and methodsFrom June 1th 2010 to March 15th 2012, 56 patients were diagnosed with PTSD. Using Routine Outcome Monitoring (ROM), 45 patients (80.4%) had complete data on both the Impact of Events Scale Revised (IES-R) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). They were compared to 45 gender- and age-matched non-ID patients diagnosed with PTSD in the same period.ResultsPreliminary results show that there are some small differences in general psychological symptom patterns between ID and non-ID patients with PTSD as shown on the subscales obsession-compulsion, psychoticism and depression of the BSI. On the IES-R, there was no difference between ID and non-ID patients. There was no difference in symptomatology between patients with borderline or mild ID.ConclusionPTSD symptomatology does not differ in ID patients compared to non-ID patients. Consequently, ID patients deserve the same evidence based care.
878 – Self-harm Patients In General Hospital: Prevalence Of Maladaptive Personality Traits
Authors: Tay A.T.S. , Cheng S.E.T. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionSelf-harm patients utilize many resources. This is especially so for those with underlying maladaptive personality traits, which, have not been examined locally.AimTo estimate the prevalence of maladaptive personality traits in self-harm patients.MethodologyA 5-months cross sectional study was conducted at Changi General Hospital (CGH). English-speaking patients over 21 years old admitted for self-harm behavior were recruited into our study after being referred to our consultation liaison team. The ICD-10 (WHO 1993) was used for psychiatric diagnoses, and the International Personality Disorders Examination (IPDE) ICD-10 version screening questionnaire and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) 21 were administered. STATA version 10.1 was used for statistical analyses.ResultsOf all patients referred, forty patients were eligible and 37 of them consented to participate in the study. All participants were screened positive for at least one class of maladaptive personality traits, with the majority (89.19%) being screened positive for more than 1 class of maladaptive traits. The three most prevalent classes of maladaptive traits were anankastic (75.68%), schizoid (67.57%) and paranoid (62.16%). More than three quarters (78.38%) of the participants had 3 or more classes of maladaptive traits.ConclusionsMaladaptive personality traits are common and inherent in self-harm patients, with majority of them exhibiting anankastic, schizoid and paranoid traits in this study. Understanding the nature of maladaptive traits in self-harm patients can help us in tailoring future interventions towards such self-harm behavior to bring about improvements in psychiatric care, reduction of self-harm frequency and reduce health care cost.
882 – Evaluation Of Sense Of Humor In Schizophrenia As Such And Affected By Treatment: Abstract Thinking, Semantic Ambiguity Or Lateral Neuronal Disinhibition
Authors: Pirkalani K.K. , Talaee Rad Z. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionSchizophrenic patients have shown by experience to have reduced sense of humor and do not understand jokes completely.ObjectivesIt is unclear whether this is the result of a global emotional numbness, a dysfunctional abstract thinking or problem of semantic field. Besides, the relevance of this issue in mood disturbances in psychotic patients must be reappraised.AimsIncrease of sociability in schizophrenic patients by way of augmenting sense of humor.MethodsHundred schizophrenic patients were evaluated by way of interview and three questionnaires for their sense of humor and abstract thinking in response to non sexual jokes. They were asked to tell ten jokes and grade them in regard to funniness. In addition ten jokes were told to them and asked them to grade these jokes in a 10 strength scale. These steps were repeated after 12 weeks of conventional antipsychotic treatment in addition to short courses of psychotherapies.ResultsSchizophrenic patients have an overall reduced sense of humor for jokes even if they can understand the core reality of them hence not a matter of deranged abstract thinking. They show also reduced expression of joy in response to jokes that they have rated highest. This denotes some degrees of emotional numbness. Treatment of patients with conventional antipsychotics cannot completely restore the sense of humor even after a 3 months period.ConclusionsWe conclude that sense of humor is a central issue in social functioning and some additional treatments must be used to normalize patients with schizophrenia.
883 – Questionnaire On Sexual Attitude And Function 2009: a Novel Clinical And Epidemiological Computer Based Tool
Authors: Pirkalani K.K. , Talaee Rad Z. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionIn a society with religious and cultural restrains a standardized tool for sexual evaluation is urgently needed.ObjectiveTo study sexual problems of our patients and standardizing it for patients with different backgrounds we developed a questionnaire with 240 phrases that were extracted from a pool of 1400 sentences addressing sexual problems. Sixty four scales under four headings (sexual general characteristics, deviations, dysfunctions and psychodynamic syndromes) (16 items each) were evaluated based on criteria of DSM-IV and ICD 11. Five validity scales (honesty, desirability, debasement, guilt feeling and overall validity) were also used for better assessment.AimEvaluation of the clinical relevance of the QSAF 2009.MethodsA total of 1300 patients in the four variants of the test were evaluated during a time span of 7 years. The questions were presented to examinees at 8th grade and higher in a calm environment and the results were evaluated by computer software specifically developed for this purpose.ResultsThe last version of the test was completed by 734 patients with excellent compliance. It was rated as polite and comprehensive. For almost all scales the sensitivity and specificity were around 85 and 92% respectively.ConclusionQSAF 2009 is an excellent tool both in clinics (diagnosis and follow up) and epidemiology with high sensitivity and specificity. It has also application in cross cultural studies, medico - legal issues and medical documentation. It prevents face to face interviews, breaks patients’ resistance and is less time consuming than scheduled interviews.