bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETHINKING EPISTEMIC INCENTIVES: HOW PATIENT-CENTERED, OPEN SOURCE DRUG DISCOVERY GENERATES MORE VALUABLE KNOWLEDGE SOONER
Authors: Bradner Alexandra 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDrug discovery traditionally has occurred behind closed doors in for-profit corporations hoping to develop best-selling medicines that recoup initial research investment, sustain marketing infrastructures, and pass on healthy returns to shareholders. Only corporate Pharma has the man- and purchasing-power to synthesize the thousands of molecules needed to find a new drug and to conduct the clinical trials that will make the drug legal. Against this view, individual physician-scientists have suggested that the promise of applied genomics work calls for a new form of social organization – the open source sharing of molecular probes – in order to speed the generation and understanding of new therapeutics. Recent successes in open source drug discovery show it is possible to produce valuable, empirically adequate, and sustainable collective beliefs without secrecy, proprietary attitudes, initial cooperation from Pharma, or outsized monetary incentives. After reviewing and differentiating these successes, I diagnose the source of this healthy new epistemic strategy.
Instability of plumes driven by localized heating
Authors: Lopez Juan M. , Marques Francisco 
Published: November 2013

AbstractPlumes due to localized buoyancy sources are of wide interest owing to their prevalence in many situations. This study investigates the transition from laminar to turbulent dynamics. Several experiments have reported that this transition is sensitive to external perturbations. As such, a well-controlled set-up has been chosen for our numerical study, consisting of a localized heat source at the bottom of an enclosed cylinder whose walls are all maintained at a fixed uniform temperature, except for the localized heat source. At moderate Rayleigh numbers $\mathit{Ra}$, the flow consists of a steady, axisymmetric purely poloidal plume. On increasing $\mathit{Ra}$, the flow undergoes a supercritical Hopf bifurcation to an axisymmetric ‘puffing’ plume, where a vortex ring is periodically emitted from the localized heater. At higher $\mathit{Ra}$, this state becomes unstable to a sequence of symmetry-breaking bifurcations, going through a quasi-periodic ‘fluttering’ stage where the axisymmetric rings are tilted, and other states in which the sequence of tilted rings interact with each other. The sequence of symmetry-breaking bifurcations in the transition to turbulence culminates in a torus breakup event in which all the spatial and spatio-temporal symmetries of the system are broken.
High Trait Anger Mexican Youth: Characteristics, Parental Anger, and Counseling Needs
Authors: Alcázar-Olán Raúl J. , Deffenbacher Jerry L. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study compared three groups of Mexican youth: (1) high trait anger adolescents recognizing anger problems (HR); (2) high trait anger youth not reporting anger problems (HNR); and (3) low trait anger adolescents not reporting anger problems (LNR). The HR group was sizable, representing 21% of all students and 72% of high anger youth. Compared to LNR, high anger groups (HR and HNR) experienced more angry feelings, engaged in anger suppression (e.g., holding anger in and harboring grudges) and aggressive anger expression (e.g., urges to aggression, physical aggressive anger expression toward others and toward self and objects), and reported lower internal and external anger control (e.g., relaxing and controlling one’s behavior when angry). High anger groups also reported greater trait anger in both parents than LNR, suggesting parent’s anger is a risk factor for anger in adolescents. HR and HNR groups, however, did not differ on any variable. Findings for high anger groups supported the intensity, aggression, and reduced positive coping hypotheses of State-Trait Anger Theory. Findings were also discussed in terms of the counseling needs of high anger Mexican youth and State-Trait Theory.
Die gemeinsamen und spezifischen Komponenten von Depression und Angst
Authors: Baumann Christian , Klauke Benedikt , Domschke Katharina , Fassbinder Frauke , Gartmann Nina , Kalisch Raffael , Reif Andreas , Deckert Jürgen , Pauli Paul 
Published: November 2013

Theoretischer Hintergrund: Mit Fragebögen erfasste Depressions- und Angstwerte sind häufig hoch korreliert. Nach dem Tripartite Modell von Clark und Watson (1991) ist diese Kovariation auf die gemeinsame Komponente negativer Affekt zurückzuführen. Eine bessere Differenzierung depressiver und ängstlicher Symptome sei über den depressionsspezifischen geringen positiven Affekt und das angstspezifische physiologische Hyperarousal möglich. Fragestellung: Ziel dieser Studie ist die Überprüfung dieses Modells und die Bestimmung übergeordneter angst- und depressionsspezifischer Faktoren. Methode: Die Evaluation des Modells erfolgte anhand von Fragebögen zu Depression, Angst und Affekt an einer Stichprobe von 1 110 gesunden Erwachsenen (48 % weiblich; Alter: M = 25.43; SD = 6.07). Ergebnisse: Eine Hauptachsenanalyse erbrachte eine zweifaktorielle Lösung, welche sich ebenfalls in den Strukturgleichungsmodellen abbildete und die Konstrukte Depression und Angst repräsentiert. Beide Faktoren waren mit negativem Affekt assoziiert, nur die Komponente Depression war durch das Fehlen von positivem Affekt gekennzeichnet. Die angstspezifische Komponente Hyperarousal konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Implikationen für weiterführende Studien, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Weiterentwicklung des Modells, werden diskutiert.
Compactification of a Drinfeld period domain over a finite field
Authors: Pink Richard , Schieder Simon 
Published: November 2013

We study a certain compactification of the Drinfeld period domain over a finite field which arises naturally in the context of Drinfeld moduli spaces. Its boundary is a disjoint union of period domains of smaller rank, but these are glued together in a way that is dual to how they are glued in the compactification by projective space. This compactification is normal and singular along all boundary strata of codimension

⩾
2

\geqslant 2

. We study its geometry from various angles including the projective coordinate ring with its Hilbert function, the cohomology of twisting sheaves, the dualizing sheaf, and give a modular interpretation for it. We construct a natural desingularization which is smooth projective and whose boundary is a divisor with normal crossings. We also study its quotients by certain finite groups.
The Demise of the Being to V Construction
Authors: Hundt Marianne 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis paper revisits a construction that is rare in historical data, namely the combination of being with an infinitive, as in They being to arrive early that afternoon, all necessary preparations had been made. In early and late Modern English, the be to construction had a fuller paradigm than it does in Present Day English, where it is (almost) exclusively used in tensed forms. The focus in this paper is on part of the paradigm of the be to construction, i.e., instances with a present participle form of be. Relevant neighbouring constructions are being Ving and having to V, but the construction also needs to be discussed against the background of developments in the system of auxiliaries and future time expressions. On the basis of evidence from historical text databases and corpora, this paper provides the first detailed description of the syntactic contexts, functions and distribution of the being to V construction. In a next step, corpus data are used to discuss possible reasons (i.e., system dependency, paradigmatic attrition, competition and distributional fragmentation) for its apparent demise. The study thus contributes to the still somewhat underexplored area of syntactic loss.
Accidental spinal potassium chloride injection successfully treated with spinal lavage
Authors: Dias J. , Lages N. , Marinho A. , Maria L. , Tinoco J. , Vieira D. , Correia C. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryWe describe the management of a 62‐year‐old man who developed severe pain, cramps, paraplegia and pulmonary oedema after the accidental administration of potassium chloride into the subarachnoid space. In addition to supportive treatment, we performed cerebrospinal fluid lavage with saline 0.9%. The patient recovered well without any permanent injury.
Intention, Emotion, and Action: A Neural Theory Based on Semantic Pointers
Authors: Schröder Tobias , Stewart Terrence C. , Thagard Paul 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe propose a unified theory of intentions as neural processes that integrate representations of states of affairs, actions, and emotional evaluation. We show how this theory provides answers to philosophical questions about the concept of intention, psychological questions about human behavior, computational questions about the relations between belief and action, and neuroscientific questions about how the brain produces actions. Our theory of intention ties together biologically plausible mechanisms for belief, planning, and motor control. The computational feasibility of these mechanisms is shown by a model that simulates psychologically important cases of intention.
The history of the concept of epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Capovilla Giuseppe , Wolf Peter , Beccaria Francesca , Avanzini Giuliano 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe first description of epileptic encephalopathies dates back to Dr. West who, in 1857, described the syndrome that took his name. In addition to West syndrome, in the last century other epileptic syndromes entered into the chapter of epileptic encephalopathies. Henry Gastaut has the virtue of having created the modern concept of epileptic encephalopathy and entering it into the official terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). After the first proposal, it was further defined and refined over time.
Depressive Symptoms and Suicide Risk in Older Adults: Value Placed on Autonomy as a Moderator for Men but Not Women
Authors: Bamonti Patricia M. , Price Elizabeth C. , Fiske Amy 
Published: November 2013

Risk for suicide is elevated among older men. We examined whether value placed on autonomy amplifies the relation between depressive symptoms and suicide risk differently for older men and women. Participants were 98 community‐dwelling older adults, M age 73.6 (SD = 8.6), 65.1% female, 93.1% White. Questionnaires measured suicide risk (SBQ‐R), depressive symptoms (CESD), and value placed on autonomy (PSI‐II autonomy). Among men, depressive symptoms were associated with suicide risk only when PSI‐II autonomy was elevated. Among women, greater depressive symptoms were associated with suicide risk at all levels of PSI‐II autonomy. Further research on attitudes toward autonomy is warranted.
The Effects of Trailing Edge Thickness on the Losses of Ultra-High Lift LP Turbine Blades
Authors: Zhou Chao , Hodson Howard , Himmel Christoph 
Published: November 2013

Experimental, numerical and analytical methods were used to investigate the effects of the blade trailing edge thickness on the profile loss of ultra-high lift low pressure turbine blades.
Two cascades, the T106C and the T2, were studied. The loss obtained based on the data at the blade trailing edge plane and the plane 0.3 Chord downstream of the trailing edge agree with each other for T106C blade with and without upstream wakes at different Reynolds numbers. The blade profile losses were broken down as the suction surface boundary loss, the pressure side boundary loss and the mixing loss downstream of the trailing edge for six Reynolds numbers.
Trailing edge thicknesses varying from 1.4% to 4.7% Pitch were investigated at a Reynolds number of 210000. It was found that the flow distributions across the passage at the trailing edge planes were highly non-uniform. In particular, and as a result, the trailing edge base pressure was higher than the mixed-out static pressure, so the contribution of the base pressure to the mixing loss downstream of the trailing edge plane was to reduce the loss. When the trailing edge thickness increases, there are three main effects: 1) The area with high base pressure region increase, which tends to reduce the downstream mixing loss; 2) The base pressure reduces, which tends to increase the loss; 3) The flow diffusion downstream of the trailing edge, which tends to increase the loss. The overall result is the combined effect.
For the T106C cascade, increasing the trailing edge thickness from 1.9% Pitch to 2.8% Pitch has a small effect on the loss. Further increasing the trailing edge thickness increases the loss. The T2 blade has a higher lift than the T106C blade, so the effects of the base pressure in reducing the mixing loss downstream of the trailing edge is more evident. The experimental results show that the profile loss first decreases and then increases as the trailing edge thickness increases. CFD, using the transition k-ω SST model and the k-ω SST model, provides good predictions of the aerodynamic performance. It was used to study the cases with trailing edge thicknesses of 1.4% Pitch and 2.9% Pitch. The profile loss is almost the same for these two trailing edge thickness. The results show that it is possible to use thicker blade trailing edges in low pressure turbines without aerodynamic penalty. This can lead to benefits in terms of mechanical integrity and manufacturing cost reductions.
Measured Comparison of Leakage and Rotordynamic Characteristics for a Slanted-Tooth and a Straight-Tooth Labyrinth Seal
Authors: Mehta Naitik J. , Childs Dara W. 
Published: November 2013

Measured results are presented to compare rotordynamic coefficients and leakage of a slanted-tooth labyrinth seal and a straight-tooth labyrinth seal. Both seals had identical pitch, depth, and number of teeth. The teeth inclination angle of the teeth on the slanted-tooth labyrinth was 65° from the normal axis. Experiments were carried out at an inlet pressure of 70 bar-a (1015 psi-a), pressure ratios of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6, rotor speeds of 10.2, 15.35, and 20.2 krpm, and a radial clearance of 0.2 mm (8 mils). One zero and two positive inlet preswirl ratios were used.
The results show only minute difference in the rotordynamic coefficients between the two seals. The slanted-tooth labyrinth seal consistently leaked approximately 10% less at all conditions. Predictions were made using a one control volume bulk-flow model (1CVM) which was developed for a straight-tooth labyrinth seal design. 1CVM under-predicted the rotordynamic coefficients and the leakage.
A Zonal Calculation Method for Axial Gas Turbine Diffusers
Authors: Hirschmann A. , Casey M. , Montgomery M. 
Published: November 2013

The axial exhaust downstream of a gas turbine in a combined cycle plant includes an annular diffuser with struts and a closed hub carrying the turbine rotor bearing. Flow separation occurs at the blunt end of the hub and can also occur on the casing wall and on the struts. A zonal method for the computation of the flow in such diffusers is described. A throughflow code is used for the axisymmetric core flow, a lag-entrainment-integral-method for the blockage of the boundary layers and the wake of the hub. For cases with separated flow a semi-inverse procedure for the coupling is needed. Additional empirical information is required such as a term related to the closing of the hub separation, correlations for the skin friction and the form factor and an estimate of the losses based on a dissipation coefficient.
Experimental data from annular diffuser test cases from the literature and from a typical turbine diffuser are used to validate the method. The location of the separation in the diffuser is calculated correctly and the prediction of the pressure recovery is promising, suggesting that this is a useful tool for the preliminary design of highly loaded annular configurations.
Automated Design Optimization and Experimental Validation for Intermediate Casing Duct of Aeroengine
Authors: Wu Yadong , Li Bin , Teng Jinfang , Chen Yunyong , Li You , Wang Hongtao 
Published: November 2013

In aeroengine, an s-shaped annular duct is used to connect the high pressure compressor spool to the upstream low pressure compressor. The intermediate casing duct is required because the compressors are designed with different mean radii. Shortening the length of intermediate casing duct is of important significance for improving the performance of aeroengines. Meanwhile, the struts guiding the flow are installed in the intermediate duct, the inlet flow of the duct is not even, and outlet flow requires sufficient uniformity to ensure good working conditions for the high pressure compressor. So the design and optimization of flow path of intermediate casing duct including struts have very important practical significance.
This study builds up a system of numerical optimization 3D model based on genetic algorithm and Kriging agent model on the Matlab platform, which automatically couples pre-processing, solver and post-processing of Numeca CFD software. This tool optimizes the intermediate casing duct including struts and a best flow path profile is obtained under the given constrained conditions.
The optimization method is validated through experimental investigation. Four kinds of intermediate casing ducts are test, including the original model, optimization model, as well as two models based on optimization model, respectively. The chord of the struts and the length of flow path are changed for the last two models. The internal flow characteristics and aerodynamic performance of four cases above are measured, and the effects of the geometry structure of flow paths and struts to the aerodynamic performance of the ducts are evaluated, and the results may bring some modifications to the optimization method to make it more perfect. Through the experimental and numerical study, two key factors affecting the design of intermediate duct are brought about, which is the midway offset ratio and the maximum to the minimum area ratio of flow path along streamwise including struts. For the given intermediate casing duct in this study, the midway offset ratio is about 0.41, and the maximum to the minimum area ratio of flow path along streamwise including struts should be small.
The Role of Density Gradient in Species Migration and Secondary Flow Structures in Axial Flow Turbines
Authors: Zou Xin , Yuan Xin , Dawes W. N. 
Published: November 2013

Physical quantities at combustor exit, hence turbine inlet, are highly non-uniform not just due to spatially varying combustion but also due to the dilution air and film-cooling air used in the combustor design. The effects of inlet total pressure and temperature (“hot streak”) non-uniformity on the unsteady flow and heat transfer of turbine stages have been widely studied. However, few studies have considered the effects of inlet density non-uniformity derived from spatially varying species concentration (“species streak”). This “species streak” results in density gradients which, if not aligned with pressure gradients, will lead to the generation of baroclinic torque which will influence the generation, migration and evolution of vorticity within the turbine passages and hence the secondary flow structure and mixing within the blade row.
This paper examines the “species streak” effects on the unsteady flow and heat transfer within a high-pressure axial flow turbine stage focusing on the flow through the rotor. First, a validation study was carried out to check the capability of the selected CFD in modeling unsteady turbine stage flows. Time-accurate solutions were achieved and the results agreed well with the available experimental measurements. Based on the validation, two expanded case studies were carried out to investigate the “species streak” effects on the secondary flow and heat transfer in turbine rotor passages. It was found that the “species streak” could generate “hot streak enhancement structure” as well as “baroclinic torque structure” in rotor passages, which would work with the inherent secondary flow structures in rotor to determine its heat transfer. It was also found that the contributions of the baroclinic torque source term could have magnitudes comparable to other effects, such as vortex stretching, in creating secondary flows. In some circumstances, however, the overall effects of the baroclinic torque could be partially reduced by opposite vortex stretching effects generated by the same density gradients.
Application of Design of Experiment to a Gas Turbine Cascade Test Cell
Authors: Evans R. O. , Dawes W. N. , Zhang Q. 
Published: November 2013

Testing of gas turbine blades within a specialized, well-understood, test cell environment remains a key part of the overall design process. This paper describes the simulation of a cascade of transonic turbine blades within the full test cell environment. The objective of this simulation is to bring CFD to bear to understand various installation issues which go into the design of the test cell. The focus here is on the role of the tailboards in managing periodic test conditions in a cascade with relatively few blades and transonic exit.
Using a Design of Experiment methodology a series of simulations was performed with a systematic variation in both the location of solid tailboards and the open area ratio of a slotted tailboard. The flow relative to the target test blade was successfully optimized with respect to a reference periodic condition.
Contactless Shaft Torque Detection for Wide Range Performance Measurement of Exhaust Gas Turbocharger Turbines
Authors: Lüddecke Bernhardt , Filsinger Dietmar , Ehrhard Jan , Steinacher Bastian , Seene Christian , Bargende Michael 
Published: November 2013

Turbochargers develop away from an auxiliary component — being “off the shelve” — towards an integrated component of the internal combustion engine. Hence, increased attention is paid to the accuracy of the measured turbine and compressor maps. Especially turbine efficiency measurement under engine-relevant operating conditions (pulsed flow) is recently receiving increased attention in the respective research community. Despite various turbine map extrapolation methods, sufficient accuracy of the input test data is indispensable. Accurate experimental data are necessary to achieve high quality extrapolation results, enabling a wide range and precise prediction of turbine behavior under unsteady flow conditions, determined by intermittent operation of the internal combustion engine.
The present work describes the first application of a contactless shaft torque measurement technique — based on magnetostriction — to a small automotive turbocharger. The contactless torque measuring system is presented in detail and sensor principle as well as sensor calibration are illustrated. A sensitivity study regarding sensor position influences onto sensor signal proves the robustness and very good repeatability of the system. In the second part of the paper, steady state experimental results from operation on a conventional hot gas test stand over a wide map range are presented. These results are validated against full turbine stage (adiabatic as well as diabatic) CFD results as well as against “cold” efficiency measurements, based on measured inlet and outlet temperatures. The influence and relevance of bearing friction for such measurements is underlined and the improvements on this matter — achieved by direct torque measurement — are demonstrated.