bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How does soil water potential limit the seasonal dynamics of sap flow and circumference changes in European beech?
Authors: Sitková Zuzana , Nalevanková Paulína , Střelcová Katarína , Fleischer Jr. Peter , Ježík Marek , Sitko Roman , Pavlenda Pavel , Hlásny Tomáš 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
We focus on the analysis of sap flow and stem circumference changes in European beech (Fagus sylvatica, L.) in relation to available soil water and weather conditions during the growing seasons 2012 and 2013. The objective was to examine how soil water potential affects growth and transpiration of a mature beech stand situated at the lower distributional limit of beech in Slovakia. To be able to evaluate beech response to soil water shortage, we irrigated a group of 6 trees during the period of pronounced drought, while the control group of other 6 trees remained exposed to actual weather conditions. Mean air temperatures of both seasons were considerably above the long-term average and the temporal pattern of precipitation differed between the years. During the whole growing season 2012, beech samples transpired an average volume of 6.9 m3 of water in the control and 7.7 m3 in the irrigated group. A slightly higher average volume was found in the growing season 2013 under both treatments (7.7 m3 in control and 10.5 m3 in irrigated trees). In the drought period 2012, when the irrigation experiment was commenced, the sap flow in the control group was reduced by 30% as compared with the irrigated group. In 2013, a 38.1% difference in sap flow was observed between the groups. Sap flow in the non-irrigated trees decreased with reducing soil moisture, and ceased at soil water potential -0.6 MPa. In both treatments and years, we found significant correlations between hourly sap flow and investigated weather variables. A reduction in stem circumferences of the control trees, which was observed during stem shrinkage phase, was up to 19% in 2012 and 10% in 2013. We conclude that stem circumference shrinkage during the peak of soil drought was induced by the cessation in the sap flow process.
Photosynthetic response of European beech to atmospheric and soil drought
Authors: Priwitzer Tibor , Kurjak Daniel , Kmeť Jaroslav , Sitková Zuzana , Leštianska Adriana 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Physiological response of European beech under soil and atmospheric drought conditions was investigated in this study. A group of six beech trees was irrigated during the growing season 2012, while the second group of non-irrigated (control) beech trees was treated under natural soil drought. During the experiment, we observed more than 45-day long period when no precipitation fell on the soil surface. The relationship of PN (CO2 assimilation rate) to gS (stomatal conductance) was very tight in both groups, which indicates that stomatal opening was the main factor limiting PN. The statistically significant differences in gS between the groups of trees were revealed only on the last measuring day. The significant differences in PN were confirmed on the days when the differences in soil water potential (ΨS) appeared. On these measurement days, the PN values of irrigated individuals were approximately 1.9 or 3.3 times greater than the values of non-irrigated individuals. At the level of primary photosynthetic processes (chlorophyll fluorescence parameters) we did not observe lower values of the control individuals in comparison with the irrigated trees in any of the evaluated parameters. Long-term soil water deficit caused strong decrease of leaf water potential (ΨL) in the control trees, but ΨL values of the irrigated trees were also rather low due to diurnal dynamics in higher parts of crown. Close relationship between ΨL and gS was confirmed for the control (non-irrigated) trees, but could not be confirmed for the irrigated trees. We revealed significant influence of VPD (vapour pressure deficit of the air) on gS only in the control group. On the days when ΨS decreased, the stomata of the non-irrigated trees were closed in spite of the low VPD values. Almost complete stomatal closure in both groups of trees was caused by the increase of VPD to 1.2 kPa.
Large larch bark beetle Ips cembrae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in the Czech Republic: analysis of population development and catches in pheromone traps / Lýkožrout modřínový Ips cembrae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) v České republice: analýza vývoje populací a vzorků z feromonových lapačů
Authors: Grucmanová Šárka , Holuša Jaroslav , Trombik Jiří , Lukášová Karolina 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper summarises available data on the occurrence of Ips cembrae in the Czech Republic and analyses the effect of temperature and precipitation on its population growth; compares numbers of beetles of overwintering and offspring generation, and compares the proportion of females and males caught in pheromone traps. The analysed data of the Forestry and Game Management Research Institute about the volume of harvested wood infested by I. cembrae from 1994 to 2013 varied between 150 and 1,415 m3. During the entire study period I. cembrae attacked more than 0.5 m3 per ha of larch forest stands in only four districts. Temperatures over the period from March to October, from April to June and annual average temperatures during the preceding and actual years, and the ratio of the annual rainfall to long-term rainfall average obtained from the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute had no significant effect on the population growth. Adults were also caught with pheromone traps, in which two generations were documented. In 2013, the numbers of caught beetles of the offspring generation exceeded those of the overwintering generation. This was due to warm and dry weather and, probably also due to high reproductive success. Although more females were caught by pheromone trapping, numbers of males and females did not differ significantly. During the studied period several periods of local outbreak of I. cembrae occurred in the Czech Republic, but their causes remained unclear, although the increase of bark beetles populations is generally regarded as a result of hot and dry weather. Larch bark beetle represents only a marginal problem in the Czech Republic.
Príspevok k problematike určovania špecifickej hmotnosti subhorizontov opadu lesných pôd
Authors: Bútorová Jana 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
According to national and international laboratory methods, the density of soil samples is determined by pycnometer in heated samples crushed by ultrasound. In mineral soils, the elementary unit of density is represented by a mineral grain of quartz, granite, andesite, etc. On the other hand, in organic soils, the elementary unit is represented by a leaf (or just a part of it), needles, stems and roots. Heating of the mineral grain causes its release from the soil aggregate. Organic parts of the soil are losing air vacuoles by heat treatment while in the same time, carbohydrates, proteins, oils and resins create new chemicals which are heavier than water. That is a reason why density determination of litter subhorizons in forest soils needs to have different rules in comparison with mineral soil samples. Samples with more than 50 volume per cent of organic matter are not treated by heat and do not decompose. In case of high mineral soil content, mineral parts are removed from the sample and their density is determined. The final density is based on mathematically processed data.
Porovnanie vývoja vybraných jedľobukových porastov vo výskumno-účelovom objekte „Komárnik"
Authors: Štefančík Igor , Pajtík Jozef , Bošeľa Michal , Priwitzer Tibor , Čaboun Vladimír , Klouček Tomáš 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe paper presents results of a long-term observation focused on the growth of two selected fir-beech stands in the area of the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, which were established in the past to investigate the effect of different management treatments on the growth and structure of the stands. Attention was paid to changes in the tree species proportion, vertical and horizontal structure, the quantitative production and dead wood. The results of the monitoring of approximately 60-year stands development suggested a reduction of the fir proportion and an increase proportion of beech and maple in the natural conditions. Production characteristics (wood stock, above ground biomass, carbon stock, and dead wood) have reached higher values on the control area. The results suggested that the close-to-nature management of these forest stands has a beneficial effect on their structure and overall development.
Parazitické nematódy rastlín a voľne žijúce pôdne nematódy vo vybraných lesných škôlkach Slovenska
Authors: Renčo Marek 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The paper presents the results from the analysis of the 45 soil samples collected in 2010 from ten forest nurseries located at different regions of Slovak Republic. In total, 142 species of nematodes belonging to 87 genera were found. Out of them, 32 species are considered as plant feeders - parasites of higher plants, 11 species belong to fungal feeders, 10 species to root-fungal feeders, 8 species of predatory nematodes, 20 species of omnivorous nematodes and 49 species of bacteriovorous nematodes. The highest number of species was found in the Picea abies (94) and Quercus robur (80) rhizosphere. The survey results showed that communities of soil nematodes in forest nurseries are represented by all trophic groups of nematodes, but bacteriovorous, phytophagous and phyto-mycophagous nematodes prevailed and represented about 80% a total nematode fauna of coniferous and deciduous seedlings. The species of Acrobeloides nanus, Cephalobus persegnis, Rhabditis sp. juv.¸ Mesorhabditis sp.juv., Helicotylenchus digonicus, Paratylecnhus bukowensis, Trichodorus sprasus, Filenchus vulgaris, Malenchus exiguus, Tylencholaimus mirabilis, Tylencholaimus stecki belong to the most abundant at this study.
Návrh modelu mediálnej komunikácie lesných podnikov
Authors: Lichý Ján 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Nowadays, forest enterprises are facing the persistent need for communication with media, while such situation was not common in the past. Thus, it is necessary to study the principles of media communication under special conditions of forestry, using phenomenological approach. The paper, based on the analysis of theoretical background of communication and media policy, proposes model of the forest enterprise presentation in media, including general principles of communication policy with special emphasis on its effectiveness in non-monetary terms. More specifically, the following issues are addresses in the paper: goal and objectives of media communication as well as basic characteristics of media communication. Then, the irreplaceable components of the model of forest enterprise media communication, including the enterprise communicator role, media communication tools and strategies, are proposed. Finally, the measures of effective media presentation of forest enterprises are discussed.
SIGNS and MEANINGS: Horace’s Trial and the Quarrel of the Cid (II)
Authors: Soare Antoine 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In Corneille’s Horace the hero is brought to trial for having defended Rome’s integrity by killing his own sister. The fifth act of the play is devoted to this trial, but should also be read like an allegorical re-enactment of the Querelle du Cid, during which Corneille himself was put to a kind of a ”trial’’ by colleagues and critics scandalized by the moral and ideological audacity of this first play dedicated to a criminal hero. Our paper tries to point out in detail the analogies that authorize such a reading.
JACOB’s LADDER: Holotropic Economy
Authors: Brăilean Tiberiu 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Economic activity and reflection should be Holotropic, that is aiming at unity, instead of overspecialized approaches. A cosmic awareness is needed, along a radical revision and reformulation of human nature and of reality. In the modern era, the Hylotropic, matter oriented movement prevailed, imposing a coarser materiality and a marked spiritual devolution. This is how it reached this form of economy, based on selfishness, mercantilism and highly pecuniary greedy interest, a highly financialized economy and its dominance (econocracy) over the other social disciplines, over the behaviour and human life in general. It seems we are at the end of such a period and a new holotropic era is to come.
The Topicality of the Humanism of Chartres
Authors: Deremble Jean-Paul 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The main question this article arises is about the nowadays pertinence of the humanist heritage of Chartres. The most radical modernity cannot avoid a permanent cohabitation with the past, with the magic of the cathedral and the memory of an emotional power. Medieval thought has set the standards of a sustainable humanisation that has lost nothing of its topicality. The harmonious equilibrium of eternal beauty, transparent in the spiritual timeless message of Chartres attests that the medieval concept of humanism is still intelligible for the modern sensitivity
About the Word Arbuse as one of the First Russicisms in the Language of Russian Germans
Authors: Jolanta Mędelska , Marek Cieszkowski , Rutkowska Jankowiak 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The article presents the process of creation of German island dialects in Russia and in the USSR. Starting in the second half of the 18th century, people from various German regions, primarily farmers and artisans, migrated to Russia. The authorities most frequently settled them in so-called colonies, or in other words, compact country villages, which were typically separated widely from each other. Germans settled in very large numbers along the Volga, in southern Russia, Crimea, the Caucasus, as well as in the St. Petersburg region, Novgorod, Voronezh and Volyn.
The arrivals from Germany brought with them a wide range of dialects and local varieties. Arriving in the colonies, they most commonly settled down based on their places of origin in Germany, but sometimes by religious denomination or even on the basis of friendships formed on the way to Russia. In this way, the residents of one colony might speak even dozens of substantially different dialects and local varieties. These native varieties of speech mixed together and created a common code, which nevertheless retained archaisms as a result of the lack of contact with the living German language.
Despite the significant degree to which Germans were isolated from Russians, linguistic borrowings from Russian began to appear in their language early on, even during the long journey to the migrants’ new home. Primarily, lexis required for everyday life were borrowed.
The authors of this article, in researching the Soviet variety of German in Russia, observed that the Russicism Arbuse appeared frequently in this variety, yet only rarely - as dictionary entries testify - in German used in Germany. Analysis revealed that Arbuse is one of the earliest and most widely spread Russicisms in the language of Germans from Russia. Likely it is through their particular code that the term made its way into German dictionaries.
The Use of Verbs in Business E-Mail Communication – A Pragmalingu Istic Corpus Study
Authors: Šiškovič Mojca Nidorfer 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Corpus analyses conducted with the help of special tools have become more widely used in all areas of linguistics, including discourse analysis, genre analysis and pragmatics. The paper presents a pragmalinguistic research study of verbs, carried out on a specialized corpus of authentic correspondence of (chains of) Slovene business e-mails, Posle-pis. The corpus tools Oxford Wordsmith Tools 5.0 and Sketch Engine were used for analysis, and the research was followed by a comparison of language use with two Slovene reference corpora FidaPLUS and Gigafida. The study confirms the hypothesis that business discourse via e-mail has inherent characteristics that are shown through the frequency of use of certain verbs and verb forms. Certain forms were also identified which prove the conventionalized language use of business e-mail discourse.
The Prophet Muhammad’s Models of Coexistence and the Constitution of Medina
Authors: Demirel Serdar 
Published: May 2015

AbstractModern humankind is experiencing some obstacles in solving the complex and chronic problems of society. The question how multireligious, multicultural, and multiethnic societies can exist peacefully raises these problems. The difficulty of finding a solution to these problems has historical, social, and political aspects. The reluctance of the public in general and decision-making mechanisms in particular to force or step over the boundaries of modern paradigms can also be added to these problems. This study explains the models of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) for peaceful coexistence with particular focus on the Constitution of Medina.
Supplication, Prayer and the Inner Peace They Afford
Authors: Aydin Hayati 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThis article emphasizes two important aspects of worship in Islam. It focuses, namely, on two different types of terms for prayer: supplication (du’a)and prayer (salat). In Islamic tradition supplication means giving one’s whole self to God and presenting one’s physical and spiritual needs to Him. Salat (prayer) is communication between the temporal and spiritual domains. In fact, prayers function as regulators and equaliser systems on personality and character. In the context of worship, if prayers are done consciously they improve people both internally and externally. If, while worshipping God consciously , one feels that he or she is before God, he or she will feel that way, i.e. in God’s presence, all the time, and this will regulate his or her behaviours.
Evaluation of corrosion resitance of weathering steel with 3 % Ni
Authors: Kreislová K. , Křivý V. 
Published: May 2015

Streszczenie
V článku je porovnáváno korozní chování různých typů patinujících ocelí s novým typem oceli se zvýšeným obsahem niklu exponovaných na atmosférických stanicích v České republice a ve zrychlených laboratorních testech. Korozní úbytky po 1, 2 a 4 letech expozice v atmosférických podmínkách byl porovnán efekt obsahu SO2 a depozice chloridů s výsledky modifikovaných zrychlených korozních testů. Rovněž byly provedeny analýzy korozních produktů. Byla hodnocena ochranná účinnost vzniklých patin.
Corrosion behaviour of copper in wet bentonite Rokle B75
Authors: Stoulil J. , Horáčková L. , Říhová-Ambrožová J. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Materials for storing nuclear waste are a hot topic all over the globe right now. This study monitors corrosion behaviour of copper as one of the contemplated materials in the Czech bentonite Rokle B75. The tests were carried out in a thermostated cell deaerated with argon at temperatures of 90 and 40°C in the environment of bentonite pore solution, bentonite pore solution with an addition of sulphides and wet bentonite suspension. The scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and resistometric methods of corrosion rate measurements were applied. The most compact layer is formed in the environment of bentonite pore solution. The addition of sulphides leads to a significant growth of thickness of the layer of corrosion products and its porosity. However, the porosity decreases towards the layer - metal interface. The layer formed after exposure to the wet bentonite suspension is reported to have the worst parameters. Nevertheless, considering the final temperature of 40°C in the repository, the corrosion rate will still be acceptable.
Evaluation of the impact of selected microbiological preparations on the development of the aboveground biomass of Trifolium pratense L. / Ocena wpływu wybranych preparatów mikrobiologicznych na kształtowanie się biomasy nadziemnej Trifolium pratense L.
Authors: Sosnowski Jacek , Jankowski Kazimierz , Wiśniewska-Kadżajan Beata 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In order to determine the impact of improved microbiological preparations of soil on the development of the aboveground biomass of red clover (Parade variety) in the 2012-2013 year, field experiment with cultivation of this species was conducted. Experiment factors were three preparations containing composition of soil microorganisms (trade name: UGmax, Humus Active and Ekoużyźniacz). All study objects were carried out in triplicate. The analysed features were: green and dry matter of plant (kg • m-2), plant height (cm), number of shoots (unit • m-2), share of leaves and stems in biomass (%). The plants were cut three times, and collections of fresh weight were carried out at the beginning of flowering, i.e. when in 30-50% of the plants from plots the flower buds bloomed. The results were statistically analysed using analysis of variance. The study shows that the effects of biopreparations were dependent on the type of preparation and cut. Also, the meteorological conditions during the growing season of each research year were highly significant. The highest values of the analysed parameters were obtained for the plants that were sprayed using aqueous solutions of UGmax and Humus Active. There were no clear effects of soil fertilisers on the biomass structure expressed as the percentage of leaves and stems
Evaluation of influence of the Mine-Energetic Plant “Janina” in Libiąż activity on soil productivity index / Ocena wpływu działalności eksploatacyjnej Zakładu Górniczo- Energetycznego „Janina” w Libiążu na indeks produktywności gleb
Authors: Klatka Sławomir , Boroń Krzysztof , Ryczek Marek , Malec Magdalena 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The aim of the work was the determination of productivity index (PI) of soil in the area of exploitation activity of the Mine-Energetic Plant “Janina” in Libiąż using the Zhenqi Hu et al. [1992] method. Studies were carried out in mining subsidence basin in the Żarki village near Libiąż where two soil pits were realised and material for laboratory investigations was taken. Soil properties determined in laboratory used the Zhenqi Hu et al. [1992] algorithm method and values of PI were calculated. Mean value of PI amounted 0.67, which classifies the investigated area as one of the conditions for poor agricultural production. Changes of primary soil properties caused by mining activity of the Mine-Energetic Plant “Janina” had the highest influence on the calculated PIs. The determined PIs show the necessity of undertaking reclamation works for restoring primary properties of soil
Influence of farming technology on bioaccumulation of calcium, magnesium and sodium in muscle tissue of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) / Wpływ technologii chowu na biokumulację wapnia, magnezu i sodu w tkance mięśniowej pstrąga tęczowego (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum)
Authors: Barszcz Agnieszka A. , Siemianowska Ewa , Sidoruk Marcin , Skibniewska Krystyna A. , Szarek Józef 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Poland is one of the countries with limited water resources where water saving is recommended e.g. by improving aquaculture methods to use less water. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of water quality and aquaculture technology on bioaccumulation of calcium, magnesium and sodium in muscle tissue of rainbow trout. The study was performed in spring and autumn 2011 in two trout fish farms using different farming technologies: one with flow-through system and the other with water recirculation system. The farming technology had significant influence on magnesium and sodium in waste waters but did not affect the content of the minerals in muscle tissue of rainbow trout