bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining robotics and 3D printing facilitates closed reduction of humeral shaft fractures using a minimally invasive plate as a reduction template: A proof‐of‐concept study
Authors: Liu Dapeng , Liang Jinghao , Yang Hongju 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis for humeral shaft fractures (HSFs) has limitations due to malreduction and radiation exposure. To address these limitations, we integrated robotics and 3D printing by incorporating plates as reduction templates.MethodThe innovative technology facilitated closed reduction of HSFs in the operating theatre using 18 models with cortical marking holes. The dataset of the precontoured plate was imported into 3D planning software for virtual fixation and screw path planning. The models were divided into half to simulate transverse fractures. During the operation, the software generated drilling trajectories for robot navigation, and precise plate installation achieved automatic fracture reduction.ResultsThe evaluation results of reduction accuracy revealed variations in length, apposition, alignment, and rotation that meet the criteria for anatomic reduction. High interoperator reliabilities were observed for all parameters.ConclusionsThe proposed technology achieved anatomic reduction in simulated bones.
Effects of perirenal fat thickness on postoperative renal dysfunction in patients who underwent robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy for renal tumours
Authors: Nishikawa Ryoma , Morizane Shuichi , Yamamoto Atsushi , Yamane Hiroshi , Shimizu Ryutaro , Kimura Yusuke , Yamaguchi Noriya , Hikita Katsuya , Honda Masashi , Takenaka Atsushi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite partial nephrectomy (PN) renal function preservation benefits, postoperative renal dysfunction may occur. Perirenal fat thickness (PFT) is associated with renal dysfunction such as diabetes; however, its role in renal tumour surgery is unclear. This study investigates the role of PFT in renal function after robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).MethodsPre‐operative factors for postoperative renal dysfunction were analysed in 156 patients undergoing RAPN with ≥1‐year follow‐up. PFT measured using computed tomography categorised patients with PFT >21.0 mm (median) as high‐PFT.ResultsTumour size, total R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score and its N component, renal calyx opening, achievement of trifecta, and PFT were risk factors for renal dysfunction 1 year postoperatively. Age ≥75 years (p = 0.024), total RNS ≥7 (p = 0.036), and PFT >21.0 mm (p = 0.002) significantly correlated with postoperative renal dysfunction.ConclusionsCT‐measured PFT is a valuable predictor of postoperative renal dysfunction.
Hepatitis A in Latin America: The current scenario
Authors: Ré Viviana E. , Ridruejo Ezequiel , Fantilli Anabella C. , Moutinho Bruna Damásio , Pisano María Belén , Pessoa Mário Guimarães 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis review aims to gather and disseminate updated information regarding hepatitis A virus (HAV) in Latin America (LA) in the last 11 years, including seroprevalence, post‐vaccination studies, virus detection in aqueous matrices and food samples, and outbreak reports. Only 24 seroprevalence studies were published between 2012 and 2023 with 55%–100% reported prevalences of anti‐HAV IgG. Among the 25 LA countries, only eight of them have introduced HAV vaccines into their immunisation programs. Outbreaks of hepatitis A occurred between 2017–2019, mainly affecting men who have sex with men in Argentina, Brazil and Chile, probably as a consequence of the abrupt decline of young adults' immunity. This could be due to that young adult have never been infected in childhood (due to socio‐health improvements) and are above the cut‐off ages to be included when the vaccination programs were introduced. Although scarce, studies focused on environmental and food HAV surveillance have shown viral presence in these samples. Surface waters presented HAV detections between 1.2% and 86.7%, and untreated wastewaters between 2.8% and 70.9%. Genotypes found in all cases were IA and IC. The only wastewater‐based epidemiology study showed to be a useful tool as a complement of traditional epidemiological surveillance. Only four LA countries have looked for HAV in food samples, with genome detection rates between 9% and 33%. Latin American HAV circulation scenario is changing. In countries where socioeconomic and sanitary conditions have not improved, the virus persists with high endemicity and the access to the vaccine should be re‐evaluated by local governments. In countries where access to clean water, better sanitary conditions and HAV immunisation programs have been implemented, the number of cases among young adults seems to be increasing, alerting health authorities.
Epigenetics and Ultraviolet Radiation: Implications for Skin Ageing and Carcinogenesis
Authors: Barnes Bethany M. , Shyne Anya , Gunn David A. , Griffiths Christopher E. M. , Watson Rachel E. B. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recent published data have highlighted the importance of epigenetics in the response of the skin to recreational and therapeutic ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure. ‘Epi’—from the Greek επί, meaning over, outside of or around—relates to the chemical modifications that occur on top of the DNA sequence (for example, DNA methylation) and its associated proteins (e.g. histone modifications, including methylation, acetylation and phosphorylation). These epigenetic processes, collectively called the ‘epigenome’, dictate the three-dimensional conformation of the DNA, thus impacting upon gene expression and genomic stability. Given that epigenetic changes are long-lived and mitotically heritable, an accumulation of epigenetic perturbations likely influence the pathogenesis of the chronic consequences of UVR exposure, including photoageing and skin cancer risk. In this review, we describe the multifarious epigenetic effects elicited by UVR in the skin. We further speculate on the underlying molecular mechanisms that may direct epigenetic changes, such as oxidative stress and changes in metabolism, and their impact on skin health and disease.
A Systematic Review of Outcome Measures Evaluating Treatment Efficacy in Vulval Lichen Sclerosus and Evaluation Of Patients’ Priorities
Authors: Jasionowska Sara , Almadori Aurora , Goble Mary , Langridge Benjamin J. , Iakovou Despoina , Kamel Fady , McKenzie Milla , Mclean Allan , Boyle Deborah , Zenner Nicole , Swale Victoria , Butler Peter E. M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Vulval lichen sclerosus (VLS) is an inflammatory skin disease characterised by itching, apareunia, loss of vulval architecture and scarring. Heterogeneity in outcome reporting precludes comparison between treatments. This study aimed to systematically review outcome measures used to evaluate the efficacy of VLS treatments and present patients’ treatment priorities. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines using a registered protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022356738). Multiple databases were searched, along with grey literature on Clinicaltrials.gov, European Union Clinical Trials and International Standard Randomised controlled trial (RCT) registries. All RCTs assessing any treatment for VLS were eligible for inclusion. A total of 775 patients were assessed across 21 RCTs. The assessment tools reported outcomes in the following domains: patient-reported symptoms assessed with one validated scale in 12 studies and seven non-validated scales in nine studies; sexual function with validated female sexual function index and female sexual distress scale in two studies and two non-validated scales in two studies; quality of life with three validated scales in three studies and clinician-reported objective outcomes with two validated scales in three studies and six non-validated scales in fourteen studies. Histological changes were assessed in 10 studies and tissue biomechanics in one study. We also carried out an online survey completed by 809 women with VLS to assess their research and disease treatment priorities and identified validated outcome measures to assess these. There is high variability in assessing treatment outcomes for VLS. We identified validated assessment tools which could be implemented in VLS studies to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments.
Autistic children and their parents in the context of war: Preliminary findings
Authors: Rozenblat Shir , Nitzan Tanya , Matz Vaisman Tamar , Shusel Ronit , Rum Yonat , Ashtamker Michal , Golan Ofer , Dinstein Ilan , Koller Judah 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile existing literature on the intersection of trauma and autism is limited, emerging evidence suggests heightened vulnerability of autistic children to the psychological consequences of traumatic events, including an elevated risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Additionally, parents of autistic children often experience elevated levels of negative emotional states, compared to parents of typically developing children. This study investigates the impact of terrorism and war on autistic and non‐autistic children and their parents, presenting preliminary results from the initial data collection phase of a year‐long longitudinal investigation of the experience of autistic children and their parents following Hamas' 7 October 2023 attack on Israel. Data gathered within 30 days of the initial attack reveal that both autistic and non‐autistic children exhibited clinically significant post‐traumatic stress symptoms, with autistic children demonstrating a more pronounced manifestation. Moreover, parents of autistic children reported significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in the aftermath of the events, compared to an independent cohort of parents of autistic children assessed prior to the crisis. These results underscore the heightened susceptibility of autistic children to post‐traumatic stress and the unique challenges confronted by their parents during times of conflict. The study highlights the imperative for tailored support services for autistic children and their families amidst traumatic incidents and stresses the need for further research in comparable contexts globally.
Aptamer‐Functionalized Magnetic Ti3C2 Based Nanoplatform for Simultaneous Enrichment and Detection of Exosomes
Authors: Cui Hongyuan , Zheng Tianfang , Qian Nana , Fu Xueqi , Li Aijun , Xing Shu , Wang Xiao‐Feng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExosomes are nanovesicles secreted by cells, which play a crucial role in various pathological processes. Exosomes have shown great promise as tumor biomarkers because of the abundant secretion during tumor formation. The development of a convenient, efficient, and cost‐effective method for simultaneously enriching and detecting exosomes is of utmost importance for both basic research and clinical applications. In this study, an aptamer‐functionalized magnetic Ti3C2 composite material (Fe3O4@Ti3C2@PEI@DSP@aptamer@FAM‐ssDNA) is prepared for the simultaneous enrichment and detection of exosomes. CD63 aptamers are utilized to recognize and capture the exosomes, followed by magnetic separation. The exosomes are then released by cleaving the disulfide bonds of DSP. Compared to traditional methods, Fe3O4@Ti3C2@PEI@DSP@aptamer@FAM‐ssDNA exhibited superior efficiency in enriching exosomes while preserving their structural and functional integrity. Detection of exosome concentration is achieved through the fluorescence quenching of Ti3C2 and the competitive binding between the exosomes and a fluorescently labeled probe. This method exhibited a low detection limit of 4.21 × 104 particles mL−1, a number that is comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art method in the detection of exosomes. The present study demonstrates a method of simultaneous enrichment and detection of exosomes with a high sensitivity, accuracy, specificity, and cost‐effectiveness providing significant potential for clinical research and diagnosis.
Twin Boundaries‐Induced Centrosymmetric Breaking of Hollow CaTiO3 Nanocuboids for Piezocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Zhou Hong , Cao Jing , Ji Yehuan , Xia Mengyao , Yao Weifeng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPiezocatalysis, a transformative mechanochemical energy conversion technique, has received considerable attention over the past decade for its role in processes such as hydrogen evolution from water. Despite notable progress in the field, challenges remain, particularly in the areas of limited piezocatalysis efficiency and limited availability of materials requiring a non‐centrosymmetric structure. Here, a pioneering contribution is presented by elucidating the piezocatalytic properties of hollow CaTiO3 nanocuboids, a centrosymmetric material with a nominally nonpolar state. Remarkably, CaTiO3 nanocuboids exhibit an impressive hydrogen production rate of 3.44 mmol g−1 h−1 under ultrasonic vibrations, surpassing the performance of the well‐established piezocatalyst BaTiO3 (2.23 mmol g−1 h−1). In contrast, commercial CaTiO3 nanoparticles do not exhibit piezocatalytic performance. The exceptional performance of hollow CaTiO3 nanocuboids is attributed to the abundance presence of twin boundaries on the {110} facet within its crystal structure, which can impart significant polarization strength to CaTiO3. Extending the investigation to other centrosymmetric materials, such as SrZrO3 and BaZrO3, the experimental results also demonstrate their commendable properties for piezocatalytic hydrogen production from water. This research underscores the significant potential of centrosymmetric materials in piezocatalysis.
3D‐Printed Hydrogels with High‐Strength and Anisotropy Mediated by Chain Rigidity
Authors: Kong Deshuai , Li Yunmeng , Yang Biao , Pang Yaokun , Yuan Hua , Du Cong , Tan Yeqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExtrusion‐based 3D printing is a facile technology to construct complex structures of hydrogels, especially for tough hydrogels that have shown demonstrated potential in load‐bearing materials and tissue engineering. However, 3D‐printed hydrogels often possess mechanical properties that do not guarantee their usage in tissue‐mimicking, load‐bearing components, and motion sensors. This study proposes a novel strategy to construct high‐strength and anisotropic Fe3+ cross‐linked poly(acrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid)/sodium alginate double network hydrogels. The semi‐flexible sodium alginate chains act as a “conformation regulator” to promote the formation of strong intermolecular interactions between polymer chains and lock the more extended conformation exerted by the pre‐stretch, enabling the construction of 3D‐printed hydrogel structures with high orientation. The equilibrated anisotropic hydrogel filaments with a water content of 50–60 wt.% exhibit outstanding mechanical properties (tensile strength: 9–44 MPa; elongation at break: 120–668%; Young's modulus: 7–62 MPa; toughness: 26–52 MJ m−3). 3D‐printed anisotropic hydrogel structures with high mechanical performance show demonstrated potential as loading‐bearing structures and electrodes of flexible triboelectric nanogenerators for versatile human motion sensing.
A Multifunctional Secondary Based on Heterogeneous Co‐MnO@NC for Depth‐Induced Deposition and Conversion of Polysulfides in Li─S Batteries
Authors: He Kaiquan , Yang Hangqi , Wu Xiaowei , Feng Junlong , Hu Pu , Shang Chaoqun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe conductive carbon‐based interlayer, as the secondary current collector in the self‐dissolving battery system, can effectively capture escaping cathode active materials, inducing deep release of remaining capacity. In the multi‐step reactions of Li─S batteries, the environmental tolerance of the conductive carbon‐based interlayer to polysulfides determines the inhibition of shuttle effects. Here, a modified metal–organic framework (Mn‐ZIF67) is utilized to obtain nitrogen‐doped carbon‐coated heterogeneous Co‐MnO (Co‐MnO@NC) with dual catalytic center for the functional interlayer materials. The synergistic coupling mechanism of NC and Co‐MnO achieves rapid deposition and conversion of free polysulfide and fragmented active sulfur on the secondary current collector, reducing capacity loss in the cathode. The Li─S battery with Co‐MnO@NC/PP separator maintains an initial capacity of 1050 mAh g−1 (3C) and excellent cycle stability (0.056% capacity decay rate). Under extreme testing conditions (S load = 5.82 mg cm−2, E/S = 9.1 µL mg−1), a reversible capacity of 501.36 mAh g−1 is observed after 200 cycles at 0.2 C, showing good further practical reliability. This work demonstrates the advancement application of Co‐MnO@NC bimetallic heterojunctions catalysts in the secondary current collector for high‐performance Li─S batteries, thereby providing guidance for the development of interlayer in various dissolution systems.
Tailoring Mott−Schottky RuO2/MgFe‐LDH Heterojunctions in Electrospun Microfibers: A Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Water Electrolysis
Authors: Nagappan Sreenivasan , Jayan Rahul , Rajagopal Nisarga , Krishnan Adithya V , Islam Md Mahbubul , Kundu Subrata 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrogen is a fuel of the future that has the potential to replace conventional fossil fuels in several applications. The quickest and most effective method of producing pure hydrogen with no carbon emissions is water electrolysis. Developing highly active electrocatalysts is crucial due to the slow kinetics of oxygen and hydrogen evolution, which limit the usage of precious metals in water splitting. Interfacial engineering of heterostructures has sparked widespread interest in improving charge transfer efficiency and optimizing adsorption/desorption energetics. The emergence of a built‐in‐electric field between RuO2 and MgFe‐LDH improves the catalytic efficiency toward water splitting reaction. However, LDH‐based materials suffer from poor conductivity, necessitating the design of 1D materials by integration of RuO2/ MgFe‐LDH to enhance catalytic properties through large surface areas and high electronic conductivity. Experimental results demonstrate lower overpotentials (273 and 122 mV at 10 mA cm−2) and remarkable stability (60 h) for the RuO2/MgFe‐LDH/Fiber heterostructure in OER (1 m KOH) and HER (0.5 m H2SO4) reactions. Density functional theory (DFT) unveils a synergistic mechanism at the RuO2/MgFe‐LDH interface, leading to enhanced catalytic activity in OER and improved adsorption energy for hydrogen atoms, thereby facilitating HER catalysis.
Enhanced Interfacial Electron Transfer in Photocatalyst‐Natural Enzyme Coupled Artificial Photosynthesis System: Tuning Strategies and Molecular Simulations
Authors: Lou Xiaoxuan , Zhang Chen , Xu Zhiyong , Ge Shengbo , Zhou Jian , Qin Deyu , Qin Fanzhi , Zhang Xin , Guo Zhanhu , Wang Chongchen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLaccase is capable of catalyzing a vast array of reactions, but its low redox potential limits its potential applications. The use of photocatalytic materials offers a solution to this problem by converting absorbed visible light into electrons to facilitate enzyme catalysis. Herein, MIL‐53(Fe) and NH2‐MIL‐53(Fe) serve as both light absorbers and enzyme immobilization carriers, and laccase is employed for solar‐driven chemical conversion. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy results confirm that visible light irradiation causes rapid transfer of photogenerated electrons from MOF excitation to T1 Cu(II) of laccase, significantly increasing the degradation rate constant of tetracycline (TC) from 0.0062 to 0.0127 min−1. Conversely, there is only minimal or no electron transfer between MOF and laccase in the physical mixture state. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the immobilization of laccase's active site and its covalent binding to the metal‐organic framework surface augment the coupled system's activity, reducing the active site accessible from 27.8 to 18.1 Å. The constructed photo‐enzyme coupled system successfully combines enzyme catalysis’ selectivity with photocatalysis's high reactivity, providing a promising solution for solar energy use.
Crystal‐Phase‐Selective Etching of Heterophase Au Nanostructures
Authors: Saleem Faisal , Liu Guangyao , Liu Guigao , Chen Bo , Yun Qinbai , Ge Yiyao , Zhang An , Wang Xixi , Zhou Xichen , Wang Gang , Liao Lingwen , He Zhen , Li Lujiang , Zhang Hua 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSelective oxidative etching is one of the most effective ways to prepare hollow nanostructures and nanocrystals with specific exposed facets. The mechanism of selective etching in noble metal nanostructures mainly relies on the different reactivity of metal components and the distinct surface energy of multimetallic nanostructures. Recently, phase engineering of nanomaterials (PEN) offers new opportunities for the preparation of unique heterostructures, including heterophase nanostructures. However, the synthesis of hollow multimetallic nanostructures based on crystal‐phase‐selective etching has been rarely studied. Here, a crystal‐phase‐selective etching method is reported to selectively etch the unconventional 4H and 2H phases in the heterophase Au nanostructures. Due to the coating of Pt‐based alloy and the crystal‐phase‐selective etching of 4H‐Au in 4H/face‐centered cubic (fcc) Au nanowires, the well‐defined ladder‐like Au@PtAg nanoframes are prepared. In addition, the 2H‐Au in the fcc‐2H‐fcc Au nanorods and 2H/fcc Au nanosheets can also be selectively etched using the same method. As a proof‐of‐concept application, the ladder‐like Au@PtAg nanoframes are used for the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acidic media, showing excellent performance that is comparable to the commercial Pt/C catalyst.
Embedding Bioprinting of Low Viscous, Photopolymerizable Blood‐Based Bioinks in a Crystal Self‐Healing Transparent Supporting Bath
Authors: Caiado Decarli Monize , Ferreira Helena P. , Sobreiro‐Almeida Rita , Teixeira Filipa C. , Correia Tiago R. , Babilotte Joanna , Olijve Jos , Custódio Catarina A. , Gonçalves Inês C. , Mota Carlos , Mano João F. , Moroni Lorenzo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractProtein‐based hydrogels have great potential to be used as bioinks for biofabrication‐driven tissue regeneration strategies due to their innate bioactivity. Nevertheless, their use as bioinks in conventional 3D bioprinting is impaired due to their intrinsic low viscosity. Using embedding bioprinting, a liquid bioink is printed within a support that physically holds the patterned filament. Inspired by the recognized microencapsulation technique complex coacervation, crystal self‐healing embedding bioprinting (CLADDING) is introduced based on a highly transparent crystal supporting bath. The suitability of distinct classes of gelatins is evaluated (i.e., molecular weight distribution, isoelectric point, and ionic content), as well as the formation of gelatin‐gum arabic microparticles as a function of pH, temperature, solvent, and mass ratios. Characterizing and controlling this parametric window resulted in high yields of support bath with ideal self‐healing properties for interaction with protein‐based bioinks. This support bath achieved transparency, which boosted light permeation within the bath. Bioprinted constructs fully composed of platelet lysates encapsulating a co‐culture of human mesenchymal stromal cells and endothelial cells are obtained, demonstrating a high‐dense cellular network with excellent cell viability and stability over a month. CLADDING broadens the spectrum of photocrosslinkable materials with extremely low viscosity that can now be bioprinted with sensitive cells without any additional support.