bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Justice et identité
Authors: Jobin Guy 
Published: September 2014

Cette étude est consacrée aux effets de la mutation de la question sociale sur le discours magistériel en éthique sociale et politique. Le mot « mutation » désigne le fait qu’aux enjeux socio-économiques qui formaient traditionnellement le noyau dur de la question sociale s’ajoutent d’autres enjeux de nature différente, notamment ceux liés à la reconnaissance morale et juridique des identités individuelles et collectives. Deux thèmes de l’enseignement social de l’Église seront retenus et explorés ici pour tester l’hypothèse d’une répercussion de la mutation de la question sociale sur l’enseignement social de l’Église catholique. Ce sont l’enseignement sur le bien commun et l’enseignement qui condamne la discrimination. Nous concluons qu’il y a bien une ouverture du discours magistériel aux transformations des idées et des jugements dans le domaine éthico-moral. On voit pourtant que, même dans ces conditions, l’arrimage de logiques hétérogènes génère dans l’enseignement social des « tensions » épistémologiques et pratiques qu’on ne saurait minimiser.
Estimating dissolved organic carbon inventories in the East China Sea using remote‐sensing data
Authors: Liu Qiong , Pan Delu , Bai Yan , Wu Kai , Chen Chen‐Tung Authur , Liu Zhiliang , Zhang Lin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe coastal ocean is characterized by a high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration due to large terrestrial inputs and high primary production. Monitoring the dynamic variation of DOC inventories in coastal oceans provide more information on carbon flux, but is very challenging in practice. We propose a method of estimating DOC inventories in the East China Sea (ECS) by integrating the surface DOC distribution with a vertical model of the DOC profile via satellite data. Surface DOC concentration was retrieved from satellite‐derived chromophoric dissolved organic matter and chlorophyll concentration. Two vertical DOC profile models (uniform model and stratified model) were established based on water‐density profiles, and the usage of these two models was corresponded to water mass classification determined by a water mass index. The average bias of the satellite‐derived DOC inventory, in the euphotic layer was 23.8% in spring, 24.8% in autumn and 14.7% in winter, and in the water column was 15.6% in spring, 12.3% in autumn, and 10.2% in winter. The total satellite‐derived DOC inventory integrated in the water column was about 31.84, 31.96, 28.59, and 31.18 Tg in four seasons in the ECS (5.84 × 105 km2). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the remote‐sensing method of estimating DOC inventory is stable and reliable. The available long‐term and large‐scale satellite‐derived DOC inventories in marginal sea would provide us basic information on carbon cycle, and the difference between the seasonal DOC inventories would help to understand the DOC export and relative biogeochemical processes in the ECS.
Vertical structure of eddies and Rossby waves, and their effect on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5°N
Authors: Clément L. , Frajka‐Williams E. , Szuts Z. B. , Cunningham S. A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe meridional overturning circulation (MOC) at
in the Atlantic has a standard deviation of 4.9 Sv and contains large fluctuations at subannual periods. The geostrophic component of the MOC is believed to be influenced on subannual time scales by eddies and Rossby waves. To quantify this effect, the vertical structure and surface characteristics of westward propagating signals are studied using altimetric data and full‐depth mooring measurements from the RAPID array at
. Westward propagating features are observed in the western North Atlantic in both data sets and have periods of 80–250 days in the first baroclinic mode. These features are still observed by the RAPID moorings 20 km offshore of the western boundary. The western boundary also exhibits deep variability characterized by enhanced energy in higher baroclinic modes. The effect of eddies and Rossby waves on the geostrophic transport is quantified by representing their vertical structure with the first baroclinic mode. In total, 42% of the variance of the transbasin thermocline transport inferred from geostrophic calculations at
can be attributed to first mode variability, which is associated with eddies and Rossby waves at periods of 80–250 days. The standard deviation of the transbasin thermocline transport due to eddies and Rossby waves is estimated to be 2.6 Sv.
Systematic Evaluation of Skin and Adnexa in Mutant Laboratory Mice
Authors: Silva Kathleen A. , Kennedy Victoria E. , Sundberg John P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe skin and its adnexa (hair and nails) comprise one of the easiest organ systems to evaluate, as they are the most accessible. However, mice are small and have lots of very fine hairs of multiple types. Thus, while major abnormalities are obvious, subtle abnormalities or the basis for these defects can be difficult to define. To assist in outlining basic approaches to evaluating mice clinically as well as microscopically with the help of a pathologist, methods are provided here that are used routinely in many laboratories. The mouse is a very useful mammalian model system for studying normal and abnormal (disease) development, and there is a high degree of correlation not only with human biology and medicine but with that of most other mammalian species. Utilizing basic approaches standardizes analysis and provides quality samples for analysis. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 4:105‐119 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overview of Mouse Models of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Bobela Wojciech , Zheng Lu , Schneider Bernard L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractParkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of neurons in specific regions of the nervous system, notably in the substantia nigra pars compacta and, in most cases, by the deposition of intraneuronal inclusions named Lewy bodies. These pathological alterations have profound effects on the brain function, leading to the progressive development of various symptoms, the most prominent being the impaired initiation of voluntary movements caused by the loss of dopamine signaling in the basal ganglia. Here, we provide an overview of the mouse models of Parkinson's disease, with the goal of guiding selection of the most appropriate model for studying the question at hand. Pharmacological approaches targeting dopamine signaling and toxins leading to selective degeneration of nigral neurons are used to validate symptomatic treatments that aim at restoring effective dopaminergic function for motor control. Alternative mouse models are based on genetic modifications that are meant to reproduce the inherited alterations associated with familial forms of Parkinson's disease. Although genetic models have most often failed to induce overt degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons, they provide essential tools to explore the multifactorial etiology of this complex neurodegenerative disorder. Curr. Protoc. Mouse Biol. 4:121‐139 © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluating Indeterminate Interferon‐γ–Release Assay Results in Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy
Authors: Calabrese Cassandra , Overman Robert A. , Dusetzina Stacie B. , Hajj‐Ali Rula A. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo analyze the rate of indeterminate interferon‐γ–release assay (specifically the QuantiFeron‐TB Gold In‐Tube [QFT‐GIT]) testing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with chronic inflammatory disease (CID) compared with the general hospital population (GH) and a healthy reference group of hospital employees (HR), and to analyze factors associated with an indeterminate test result.MethodsAdults with a QFT‐GIT result within a large regional US health system were included. We compared the likelihood of having an indeterminate test across each patient group. Among patients with CID, we estimated the effect of glucocorticoids, biologic agents, and disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) use on the likelihood of having an indeterminate test, controlling for age, sex, comorbidities, and prior health services use.ResultsOf the 55,108 patients who met the inclusion criteria, CID made up 5.2% (n = 2,864), GH 48.2%, and HR 46.6% of the study population. Indeterminate results were present in 5.3% of the CID group, 1.9% of the GH group, and 1.5% of the HR group. Compared with HR, patients with CID were 2.4 times as likely to have indeterminate test results (adjusted risk ratio [RR] 2.4, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.9–2.9). In adjusted models restricted to patients with CID, glucocorticoid use significantly increased the likelihood of an indeterminate test (adjusted RR 1.4 [95% CI 1.02–2.0]) while DMARD use decreased this likelihood (adjusted RR 0.7 [95% CI 0.5–0.97]) when compared to patients not receiving medications.ConclusionPatients with CID were more likely to have indeterminate QFT‐GIT results when compared to HR subjects. Among patients with CID, only glucocorticoid use was associated with an increased likelihood of having an indeterminate test result.
Comparison of Tests for Lumbar Flexion and Hip Function in Patients With and Without Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Stolwijk Carmen , Ramiro Sofia , Vosse Debby , Landewé Robert , van der Heijde Désirée , van Tubergen Astrid 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo compare the 15‐cm Schober test with the 10‐cm Schober test and the intermalleolar distance (IMD) with the internal hip rotation (IHR).MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among both healthy individuals and patients with axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).The spinal and hip mobility tests were assessed in all subjects. Agreement between the different tests was assessed with correlation coefficients, Bland and Altman agreement, and by cumulative probability plots. The component scores for lumbar flexion in the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI) with use of either the 10‐cm Schober test or the 15‐cm Schober test were compared.ResultsA total of 393 healthy individuals (51% males; mean age 44 years) and 90 patients with axial SpA (53% males; mean age 49 years) were included. A strong correlation was found between the 10‐cm and 15‐cm Schober test, in both healthy individuals (r = 0.89) and in patients (r = 0.93). The 10‐cm Schober test was systematically lower than the 15‐cm test with a mean ± SD difference of 1.5 ± 0.8 cm in patients, resulting in a higher total mean ± SD BASMI score of 0.4 ± 0.2 points. The correlation between IMD and IRH was weak, both in healthy individuals (r = 0.29) and in patients (r = 0.40).ConclusionThe 10‐cm and 15‐cm Schober tests are highly correlated but, as expected, the 10‐cm method is systematically lower than the 15‐cm method. Therefore, these measures cannot be interchangeably used in the BASMI. The IMD and IHR are not correlated, indicating that they measure different aspects of hip mobility. Therefore, the IHR cannot be used as a substitute for the IMD.
Visible Light‐Induced Aromatic Difluoroalkylation
Authors: Jung Jaehun , Kim Eunjin , You Youngmin , Cho Eun Jin 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDifluoroalkylated aromatics are important structural motifs in pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications. Herein, we report their synthesis by a mild, efficient, and convenient method using visible light photoredox catalysis. A variety of unactivated aromatics were difluoroalkylated with ethyl 2‐bromo‐2,2‐difluoroacetate (BrCF2CO2Et) in the presence of the triscyclometalated Ir complex fac‐[Ir(ppy)3] under visible light irradiation at room temperature. It is shown that reaction outcomes containing the CF2CO2Et moiety can be converted to a variety of other CF2‐containing aromatics, demonstrating the synthetic utility of the present method.magnified image
Substituent Enabled Divergent Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles: a Metal Carbene Approach Involving Intramolecular Carbene Interception
Authors: Xu Hua‐Dong , Xu Ke , Jia Zhi‐Hong , Zhou Hao , Jiang Pan , Lu Xiao‐Long , Pan Ying‐Peng , Wu Hao , Ding Yun , Shen Mei‐Hua , Pan Xian‐Hua 
Published: September 2014

AbstractN‐Aryl‐N‐allyl‐bis‐functionalized amino‐1‐sulfonyl‐1,2,3‐trizoles undergo rhodium‐catalyzed cyclization reactions and subsequent hydrolytic cleavage of the sulfonyl imine to give two structurally distinct N‐heterocycles, 3‐indolyl aldehydes and 3‐azabicyclo[3,1,0]hexyl aldehydes. The product ratio can be tuned by varying the electronic properties of the two functional groups attached to the N atom. Based on these findings, two efficient and general methods for the synthesis of highly valuable 3‐indolyl aldehydes and 3‐azabicyclo[3,1,0]hexyl aldehydes have been developed.
Study on the preparation and mechanical properties of injection‐moulded wood‐based plastics
Authors: Su Meng , Chen Jianqiang , Pan Zhenhong , Li Xiaobao , Xu Anqi , Hong Jianguo 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe objectives of this study were to prepare injection‐moulded wood‐based plastics and to characterize their mechanical properties. Injection‐moulded wood‐based plastics with satisfactory flexural (65.7 MPa) and tensile strengths (30.1 MPa) were successfully obtained through a simple reaction of mulberry branch meal with phthalic anhydride (PA) in 1‐methylimidazole under mild condition. The X‐ray diffraction results indicated complete disruption of the crystallinity of cellulose because the pattern obtained for esterified fiber was almost a straight line without any peaks. The peaks in the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra (1738 and 748 cm−1) and NMR spectra (173.3 and 133.5 ppm) indicated the attachment of 0‐carboxybenzoyl groups onto the wood fibers via ester bonds. The differential scanning calorimetry curves showed that the glass transition temperature decreased with increasing weight percentage gain (WPG). The derivative thermogravimetric analysis curves indicated that esterified wood fiber was less thermally stable than the untreated fiber and that the component tends to be homogeneous with increasing WPG. Scanning electron microscope revealed that the fractured surfaces of most samples were smooth and uniform but that high temperature and less PA dosage could lead to the appearance of holes and cracks. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41376.
Novel polyimide/graphene oxide composite films with ultralow dielectric constants
Authors: Zhi‐Qiang Yang , Yuan Yuan , Feng‐Ling Li , Rui‐Jin Liao 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTGraphene is generally used for conductive material; it can also be used as a key nanofiller for the insulation material of inverter motors. In this study, a series of polyimide (PI) films were prepared successfully by a conventional two‐step polymerization method based on bis[3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]methane as a diamine and 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride as a dihydride with different weight percentage graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets as nanofillers. The dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (tan δ) of these films were measured. The results show good dielectric properties, especially an ultralow ε value of 1.41 at 1 MHz with 0.19% GO. This showed that the low ε value was caused by a high free volume led by the GO nanosheets and the CF bond. The structure and micromorphology of the PIs were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41385.
HLA–DRB1–Associated Rheumatoid Arthritis Risk at Multiple Levels in African Americans: Hierarchical Classification Systems, Amino Acid Positions, and Residues
Authors: Reynolds Richard J. , Ahmed Altan F. , Danila Maria I. , Hughes Laura B. ,   the Consortium for the Longitudinal Evaluation of African Americans with Early Rheumatoid Arthritis Investigators, Gregersen Peter K. , Raychaudhuri Soumya , Plenge Robert M. , Bridges S. Louis 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate HLA–DRB1 genetic risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in African Americans by 3 validated allele classification systems and by amino acid position and residue, and to compare genetic risk between African American and European ancestries.MethodsFour‐digit HLA–DRB1 genotyping was performed on 561 autoantibody‐positive African American cases and 776 African American controls. Association analysis was performed on Tezenas du Montcel (TdM), de Vries (DV), and Mattey classification system alleles and separately by amino acid position and individual residues.ResultsTdM S2 and S3P alleles were associated with RA (odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 2.8 [2.0–3.9] and 2.1 [1.7–2.7], respectively). The DV (P = 3.2 × 10−12) and Mattey (P = 6.5 × 10−13) system alleles were both protective in African Americans. Amino acid position 11 (permutation P < 0.00001) accounted for nearly all variability explained by HLA–DRB1, although conditional analysis demonstrated that position 57 was also significant (0.01 ≤ permutation P ≤ 0.05). The valine and aspartic acid residues at position 11 conferred the highest risk of RA in African Americans.ConclusionWith some exceptions, the genetic risk conferred by HLA–DRB1 in African Americans is similar to that in individuals of European ancestry at multiple levels: classification system (e.g., TdM), amino acid position (e.g., 11), and residue (Val11). Unlike that reported for individuals of European ancestry, amino acid position 57 was associated with RA in African Americans, but positions 71 and 74 were not. Asp11 (odds ratio 1 in European ancestry) corresponds to the 4‐digit classical allele *09:01, which is also a risk allele for RA in Koreans.
Relationships Between Body Mass Index, Fat Mass, Muscle Mass, and Musculoskeletal Pain in Community Residents
Authors: Yoo Jong Jin , Cho Nam Han , Lim Seung Hun , Kim Hyun Ah 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relationships between fat mass, muscle mass, fat:muscle mass ratio, metabolic syndrome, and musculoskeletal pain in community residents.MethodsIn the Korean Health and Genome Study, 1,530 participants (mean ± SD age 60.8 ± 8.60 years) completed pain questionnaires and underwent dual x‐ray absorptiometry to calculate body composition. Pain was categorized according to the number of pain regions, such that widespread pain, defined as pain above the waist, below the waist, on both sides of the body, and in the axial region, represented the most severe pain. Metabolic syndrome was defined using the International Diabetes Federation 2005 recommendations, and the association between metabolic syndrome and pain was evaluated by dividing the population into 4 groups, according to the presence/absence of metabolic syndrome and of high body mass index (BMI).ResultsTotal fat mass and fat:muscle mass ratio were significantly and positively associated with musculoskeletal pain among female subjects only. Compared to the lowest quartile of fat:muscle mass ratio, the odds ratios for widespread pain among subjects in other quartiles were significantly increased after adjustment for confounders. Widespread pain was more prevalent among subjects with metabolic syndrome whether their BMI was high or normal, especially among female subjects.ConclusionIncreased fat mass and fat:muscle mass ratio were significantly associated with musculoskeletal pain among women. Widespread pain was significantly associated with a high fat:muscle mass ratio after adjustment for confounders. Understanding the relationship between fat mass and pain may provide insights into preventative measures and therapeutic strategies for musculoskeletal pain.
Expression of the Dermatomyositis Autoantigen Transcription Intermediary Factor 1γ in Regenerating Muscle
Authors: Mohassel Payam , Rosen Paul , Casciola‐Rosen Livia , Pak Katherine , Mammen Andrew L. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveAutoantibodies against transcription intermediary factor 1γ (TIF1γ) are found in many patients with dermatomyositis (DM). Although TIF1γ is known to play a role in the differentiation of other tissues, its functional role in muscle regeneration has not been elucidated. This study was undertaken to explore the regulation and functional role of this protein during muscle differentiation and regeneration.MethodsTIF1γ expression was analyzed in human muscle biopsy specimens using immunofluorescence microscopy. Immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting analyses were used to study TIF1γ expression in a mouse model of muscle injury and repair. The effect of premature TIF1γ silencing on muscle differentiation was studied in cultured mouse myoblasts.ResultsIn muscle biopsy specimens from DM patients, TIF1γ was expressed at low levels in the nuclei of histologically normal muscle cells but at high levels in the centralized nuclei of atrophic, perifascicular myofibers expressing markers of regeneration. TIF1γ levels were also increased in regenerating myonuclei following muscle injury in mice. Premature silencing of TIF1γ in vitro using small interfering RNA did not accelerate the expression of myogenin, a transcription factor that plays a central role in regulating relatively early stages of muscle differentiation. However, premature silencing of TIF1γ did accelerate myotube fusion and the expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC), a later marker of muscle differentiation.ConclusionThe DM autoantigen TIF1γ is markedly up‐regulated during muscle regeneration in human and mouse muscle cells. Premature silencing of this protein in cultured myoblasts accelerates MyHC expression and myoblast fusion. However, TIF1γ may function independently of, or downstream from, myogenin.
Folate Depletion and Increased Glutamation in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Patients Treated With Methotrexate
Authors: Funk Ryan S. , van Haandel Leon , Leeder J. Steven , Becker Mara L. 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveFolates exist as a fluctuating pool of polyglutamated metabolites that may serve as a clinical marker of methotrexate (MTX) activity. This study was undertaken to evaluate circulating folate content and folate polyglutamate distribution in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients and in a cell culture model based on MTX exposure and folate supply.MethodsBlood, plasma, and red blood cell (RBC) measurements of MTX and folates were obtained from previously published data sets and an additional analysis of JIA patients receiving MTX (n = 98) and those not receiving MTX (n = 78). Erythroblastoid cells maintained in culture were exposed to MTX and grown under varying levels of folic acid supplementation. Samples were analyzed for cellular folate and MTX content.ResultsCirculating folate levels were lower in JIA patients receiving MTX, with reduced levels of blood, plasma, and RBC 5‐methyl‐tetrahydrofolate (5mTHF) (P < 0.0001). Average polyglutamate chain length (Gluavg) of RBC 5mTHF was elevated in JIA patients receiving MTX (median ± interquartile range 5.63 ± 0.15 versus 5.54 ± 0.11 in those not receiving MTX; P < 0.001) and correlated with both RBC MTX accumulation (P = 0.02) and reduced plasma 5mTHF levels (P = 0.008). MTX exposure and folate deprivation in erythroblastoid cells resulted in a depletion of bioactive folate species that was associated with a shift to higher Gluavg values for several species, most notably tetrahydrofolate (THF) and 5,10‐methylene‐tetrahydrofolate (CH2THF). Increased Gluavg resulted from the depletion of short‐chain and the accumulation of long‐chain glutamate species.ConclusionOur findings indicate that folate content and polyglutamate distribution are responsive markers of MTX activity and folate supply in vivo and in vitro, and may provide novel clinical markers of pharmacologic activity of MTX.