bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of HIV and Chlamydia Infection on Rectal Inflammation and Cytokine Concentrations in Men Who Have Sex with Men
Authors: Heiligenberg Marlies , Lutter René , Pajkrt Dasja , Adams Karin , De Vries Henry , Heijman Titia , Schim van der Loeff Maarten F. , Geerlings Suzanne 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTAsymptomaticChlamydia trachomatisinfections are common in HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM). AlthoughC. trachomatiscombined with HIV would be likely to enhance inflammation, the asymptomatic course suggests otherwise. We assessed local inflammation, mucosal damage, and cytokine concentrations in rectal mucosal fluid samples from patients with HIV (with or without the use of combination antiretroviral therapy [cART]) and with or without the presence of rectalC. trachomatis. Rectal swabs from 79 MSM (with and withoutC. trachomatis, HIV, and cART use) who reported a history of receptive anal sex were analyzed for neutrophil activation (measured by myeloperoxidase [MPO]), mucosal leakage (measured by albumin and alpha-2-macroglobulin), and proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines.C. trachomatisinfection, HIV infection, and cART use in MSM had no differential effects on rectal neutrophilic inflammation and mucosal damage. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) was found to correlate with MPO, and MPO correlated with markers of mucosal damage. In HIV-negative participants, men withC. trachomatisinfection had lower concentrations of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), IL-1α, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) than men without rectalC. trachomatisinfection (P= 0.005, 0.007, and 0.07, respectively). We found no difference in anal cytokine concentrations in HIV-infected participants in relation to the presence ofC. trachomatisinfection or cART use. In participants with rectalC. trachomatisinfection, those who were HIV negative had lower median concentrations of IL-8 and IL-1α than those with HIV (P= 0.05 and 0.06, respectively). The slope of the regression line between MPO and IL-8 was reduced in participants with rectalC. trachomatisinfection.C. trachomatisdampens cytokine concentrations but not in HIV-infected patients. The extent of mucosal damage was comparable in all patient groups. The apparent reduced neutrophil response to IL-8 in HIV-infected patients withC. trachomatisinfection is in accordance with its asymptomatic course.
Stability of Cervical Specimens in SurePath Medium for Human Papillomavirus Testing with the Roche cobas 4800 Assay
Authors: Gilbert Laura , Oates Elizabeth , Ratnam Samuel 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
The stability of cervical specimens in SurePath preservative fluid for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing with Roche cobas 4800 was determined using a panel of 308 pooled specimens from a colposcopy referral population. The SurePath specimens appeared to be stable for up to 10 weeks at ambient temperature for HPV testing with cobas 4800.
Dystonin/BPAG1 Promotes Plus-End-Directed Transport of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Capsids on Microtubules during Entry
Authors: McElwee Marion , Beilstein Frauke , Labetoulle Marc , Rixon Frazer J. , Pasdeloup David 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT
During infection by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), the viral capsid is transported around the cytoplasm along the microtubule (MT) network. Although molecular motors have been implicated in this process, the composition of the molecular machinery required for efficient directional transport is unknown. We previously showed that dystonin (BPAG1) is recruited to HSV-1 capsids by the capsid-bound tegument protein pUL37 to promote efficient cytoplasmic transport of capsids during egress. Dystonin is a cytoskeleton cross-linker which localizes at MT plus ends and has roles in retrograde and anterograde transport in neurons. In this study, we investigated the role of dystonin during the entry stages of HSV-1 infection. Because of the way in which the MT network is organized, capsids are required to change their direction of motion along the MTs as they travel from the point of entry to the nucleus, where replication takes place. Thus, capsids first travel to the centrosome (the principal microtubule organizing center) by minus-end-directed transport and then switch polarity and travel to the nucleus by plus-end-directed transport. We observed that transport of capsids toward the centrosome was slowed, but not blocked, by dystonin depletion. However, transport of capsids away from the centrosome was significantly impaired, causing them to accumulate in the vicinity of the centrosome and reducing the numbers reaching the nucleus. We conclude that, during entry of HSV-1, dystonin has a specific role in plus-ended transport of capsids from the centrosome to the nucleus.
High prevalence of overuse injury among iron-distance triathletes
Authors: Andersen Christian A , Clarsen Ben , Johansen Tone V , Engebretsen Lars 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundTriathlon is an increasingly popular sport at both the elite and the recreational level. However, there have been few high-quality studies of injuries and illnesses among triathletes.ObjectiveTo register overuse problems and acute injuries among iron-distance triathletes throughout a training season leading up to a major event.MethodsA 26-week prospective cohort study was conducted including 174 participants of the 2011 Norseman Xtreme Triathlon. Data on overuse injuries located in the shoulder, lower back, thigh, knee and lower leg were collected every second week using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire. Illnesses, acute injuries and overuse problems affecting other anatomical areas were also recorded using standard injury surveillance methods.ResultsThe average prevalence of overuse problems was 56% (95% CI 51 to 61) (490 cases). The average prevalence of substantial overuse problems was 20% (95% CI 18 to 21) (165 cases). The most prevalent sites of overuse problems were the knee (25%), lower leg (23%) and lower back (23%). The acute injury incidence was 0.97 injuries per 1000 h of training (36 cases) and 1.02 injuries per 1000 h of competition (5 cases). A majority of moderate and severe acute injuries were located at the knee, shoulder/clavicle and sternum/ribs. The predominant types of acute injuries were contusions, fractures and sprains. The incidence of illness was 5.3/1000 athlete-days (156 cases).ConclusionsOveruse problems constitute the majority of injury cases among iron-distance triathletes, and are far more common than acute injuries and illnesses. The most prevalent sites of injury in the present study were the knee, lower leg, lower back and shoulder. Future injury prevention studies in iron-distance triathletes should focus on these areas.
Use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and lifestyle among women of childbearing age: a Danish cross-sectional survey
Authors: Laugesen Kristina , Telén Andersen Ane Birgitte , Nørgaard Mette , Nielsen Rikke Beck , Thomsen Reimar Wernich , Larsen Finn Breinholt , Sørensen Henrik Toft 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveTo examine the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) among Danish women of childbearing age according to lifestyle factors.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingThe Central Denmark Region.Participants4234 women (71.5% of the invited women) aged 25–44 years who participated in a public health survey in 2006.Outcome measuresPrevalence and prevalence ratios (PRs) of current and former SSRI use among women characterised by selected lifestyle factors. We obtained information on SSRI use through linkage to the Aarhus University Prescription Database covering all pharmacies in the region.ResultsOf the 4234 women in the study, 161 (3.8%) were current SSRI users, 60 (1.4%) were recent users, 223 (5.3%) were former users and 3790 (89.5%) were never users. Current use of SSRIs was more prevalent in obese women than in non-obese women (PR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.3), in current smokers compared with non-current smokers (PR 1.6, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.2), in women who drank more than seven alcoholic drinks weekly compared with women who drank seven or fewer drinks weekly (PR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.8) and in women with an unhealthy diet compared with women with a healthy diet (PR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.6). Prevalence of former use of SSRIs was similarly increased except in those with an unhealthy diet (PR 1.1, 95% CI 0.8 to 1.7). SSRI use did not differ according to participation in regular physical activity.ConclusionsWomen with an unhealthy lifestyle were about 1.5-fold more likely to be current or former users of SSRIs than those with a healthy lifestyle. These findings may be useful for quantitative assessment of the contribution of lifestyle factors to uncontrolled confounding in studies of SSRI use in pregnancy.
Concomitant chronic pulmonary diseases and their association with hospital outcomes in patients with anaphylaxis and other allergic conditions: a cohort study
Authors: Mulla Zuber D , Simons F Estelle R 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesTo determine if chronic pulmonary diseases adversely impact selected outcomes in hospitalised patients who have various allergic conditions including anaphylaxis.DesignA population-based cohort study.ParticipantsA statewide hospital inpatient discharge database from Texas, USA, covering the years 2004–2007 was analysed. Patients with anaphylaxis and other allergic conditions were identified using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes. Within each group of patients (the overall group with various selected allergic conditions and the subgroup with anaphylaxis), the exposure variables were 11 chronic pulmonary diseases including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis.Primary outcome measuresAdmission to an intensive care unit, a prolonged (>3 days) hospital stay, receipt of mechanical ventilation and death in hospital. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted OR and 95% CI for these four outcomes.Results30 390 patients with allergic conditions were identified, of whom 2410 had anaphylaxis. The following results pertain to the subcohort of patients with anaphylaxis. Median age was 50 years (range 0–95 years) and 1470 (61%) were female. The hospital mortality was 2.7%. Although asthma was not associated with hospital mortality (OR=1.27, 95% CI 0.55 to 2.90), asthmatics had more than twice the odds of non-asthmatics of receiving mechanical ventilation (OR=2.45, 95% CI 1.81 to 3.33). Chronic bronchitis, COPD, emphysema and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) were also associated with an increased risk of requiring mechanical ventilation. Chronic bronchitis and COPD were associated with a prolonged length of stay: OR=2.69 (95% CI 1.45 to 4.98) and OR=1.86 (95% CI 1.30 to 2.66), respectively. ILD was the only chronic pulmonary disease associated with an elevated risk of hospital mortality: OR=8.71 (95% CI 1.48 to 51.20).ConclusionsIn this unique analysis of a large database, we found that asthma, COPD and other chronic pulmonary diseases increased the risk of adverse outcomes among hospitalised patients with anaphylaxis.
A system-wide approach to explaining variation in potentially avoidable emergency admissions: national ecological study
Authors: O'Cathain Alicia , Knowles Emma , Maheswaran Ravi , Pearson Tim , Turner Janette , Hirst Enid , Goodacre Steve , Nicholl Jon 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundSome emergency admissions can be avoided if acute exacerbations of health problems are managed by the range of health services providing emergency and urgent care.AimTo identify system-wide factors explaining variation in age sex adjusted admission rates for conditions rich in avoidable admissions.DesignNational ecological study.Setting152 emergency and urgent care systems in England.MethodsHospital Episode Statistics data on emergency admissions were used to calculate an age sex adjusted admission rate for conditions rich in avoidable admissions for each emergency and urgent care system in England for 2008–2011.ResultsThere were 3 273 395 relevant admissions in 2008–2011, accounting for 22% of all emergency admissions. The mean age sex adjusted admission rate was 2258 per year per 100 000 population, with a 3.4-fold variation between systems (1268 and 4359). Factors beyond the control of health services explained the majority of variation: unemployment rates explained 72%, with urban/rural status explaining further variation (R2=75%). Factors related to emergency departments, hospitals, emergency ambulance services and general practice explained further variation (R2=85%): the attendance rate at emergency departments, percentage of emergency department attendances converted to admissions, percentage of emergency admissions staying less than a day, percentage of emergency ambulance calls not transported to hospital and perceived access to general practice within 48 h.ConclusionsInterventions to reduce avoidable admissions should be targeted at deprived communities. Better use of emergency departments, ambulance services and primary care could further reduce avoidable emergency admissions.
Risk factors for unplanned pregnancy among young women in Tanzania
Authors: Calvert Clara , Baisley Kathy , Doyle Aoife M , Maganja Kaballa , Changalucha John , Watson-Jones Deborah , Hayes Richard J , Ross David A 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundWith effective contraceptives available, unplanned pregnancies are preventable and educational interventions have been cited as a promising platform to increase contraceptive use through improving knowledge. However, results from trials of educational interventions have been disappointing. In order to effectively target future interventions, this study aimed to identify risk factors for unplanned pregnancy among young women in Mwanza, Tanzania.MethodsData were analysed from the MEMA kwa Vijiana Trial Long-term Evaluation Survey, a cross-sectional study of 13 814 young adults aged 15–30 years in Mwanza, Tanzania. Potential risk factors for unplanned pregnancy were grouped under three headings: socio-demographic, knowledge of and attitude towards sexual health, and sexual behaviour and contraceptive use. Conditional logistic regression was used to identify predictors of reported unplanned pregnancy among all sexually active women.ResultsIncreasing age, lower educational level, not being currently married, knowing where to access condoms, increasing number of sexual partners and younger reported age at sexual debut were associated with unplanned pregnancy.DiscussionA number of demographic and sexual behaviour risk factors for pregnancy are identified which will help guide future intervention programmes aiming to reduce unplanned pregnancies. This study suggests effective measures to prevent unplanned pregnancies should focus on encouraging girls to stay in school.
French military general practitioner: ultrasound practice
Authors: Maurin Olga , De Regloix S , Lefort H , Delort G , Domanski L , Tourtier J-P , Palmier B 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivesUltrasound has been used in the field and in emergency departments for more than two decades. In a military setting, its use has grown rapidly as it has gained widespread acceptance among emergency physicians and as the range of diagnostic and triage applications has continued to expand. Technological changes have enabled ultrasound devices to become accessible to general practitioners (GP), and it could be of particular interest for military GPs in isolated environments. We have investigated both the training of French military GPs in the area of ultrasonography and the use of ultrasound devices, in daily practice and abroad, in isolated military settings.MethodsIn 2011, a questionnaire was sent to all 147 in-the-field GPs of the French southeast regional military health service. The questionnaire evaluated the training of military GPs in ultrasonography, the use of ultrasound in France in daily practice, and during military operations in isolated environments abroad during 2010.ResultsThe response rate was 52%. On the one hand, half the responding GPs had been specially trained in ultrasound, mainly (97%) in military institutes. On the other hand, only a quarter of doctors used ultrasound in daily practice. Among those GPs performing ultrasound examinations in France, 75% used it in 2010 during isolated operations abroad. Ultrasound examinations performed in such an austere environment were retrospectively declared useful to guide clinical reasoning (41% of examinations carried out), diagnosis (21%) and decision making as regards evacuation (11%).ConclusionsThe challenge for the future is to make ultrasound courses mandatory for all military GPs going on overseas operations, to develop daily practice, and to investigate effective triage systems, combining both ultrasound imagery and physical examination.
Human placenta as an ex vivo vascular model for neurointerventional research
Authors: Kwok John Ching Kwong , Huang Wei , Leung Wing-Cheong , Chan Siu-Ki , Chan Kwong-Yau , Leung Kar-Ming , Chu Alberto Chi Ho , Lam Alexander Kar Ngai 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundHuman placenta is a convenient resource for biomedical research, and has not yet been used for neurointerventional surgery research.ObjectiveOur objective was to explore the feasibility of using human placenta to test various endovascular interventions and for training.Design18 placentas soon after delivery were prepared for six pilot studies. (1) Study on anatomical similarity to human cerebral vessel. (2) Simulation of stent assisted coiling and flow diversion on an aneurysm model. (3) Simulation of intra-arterial thrombolysis. (4) Simulation of embolization of arteriovenous malformation with glues. (5) Simulation of mechanical thrombolysis and comparison of different devices. (6) Vascular model for training of neurointerventionalists.ResultsWhen the chorionic plate vessels were compared with the cerebral cortical vessels, similarities were found in vascular branch patterns, histological cross sections, and angiographic appearances. Due to the semitransparency of its vessel wall, performance of flow diverter and stent assisted coiling of an aneurysm could be visualized under direct microscopic observation. Similarly, timing of clot lysis and glue polymerization could be estimated. Endothelial change after thrombectomy could be assessed by histological methods. From these pilot studies, the placenta model could be adopted to simulate various clinical situations. It is also ideal for interventional radiology training.ConclusionsIt is feasible to adopt the human placenta as an ex vivo vascular model in neurointerventional surgery research due to the fact that its vessels resemble the brain vasculature.
"Political polarization of web search queries and hashtags" by Ingmar Weber, with Martin Vesely as coordinator
Authors: Weber Ingmar 
Published: August 2013

What can user-generated online data tell us about political issues and partisan politics? How polarized is a web search query such as "climategate 2.0" and can we quantify the leaning of the hashtag #climatechange?
We summarize recent work that studies U.S. politics using web search logs and Twitter data from the angle of political left-vs.-right polarization. With a simple yet effective methodology we discover a number of interesting findings. For example, we show a tendency for web search queries with a right leaning to surface more results with a negative sentiment, and we give a description of political hashtag hijacking where one political camp tries to \jam the frequency" of the other one.
We end with a discussion of challenges and opportunities in the area of data-driven political science that might be of interest to researchers looking to apply knowledge management in an interdisciplinary setting.
About the Institute of Information Systems at Hof University, Germany
Authors: Atzenbeck Claus 
Published: August 2013

The Institute of Information Systems (iisys) is a young and upcoming research institute at Hof University, Germany, with a broad focus on information systems. Four scientific teams perform top level research in national and international projects. Additionally, associated experts add specific expertise of various application domains. Some of its researchers have a strong background in hypertext related topics.
For more information about iisys and its projects, please visit www.iisys.de.
Chemoimmunotherapy Using Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin and Interleukin-18 in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: A Phase I Dose-Escalation Study
Authors: Simpkins Fiona , Flores Aurea , Chu Christina , Berek Jonathan S. , Lucci Joseph , Murray Sharon , Bauman John , Struemper Herbert , Germaschewski Fiona , Jonak Zdenka , Gardner Olivia , Toso John , Coukos George 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRecombinant interleukin (IL)-18 (SB-485232) is an immunostimulatory cytokine, with shown antitumor activity in combination with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in preclinical models. This phase I study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and biologic activity of SB-485232 administered in combination with PLD in subjects with recurrent ovarian cancer. The protocol comprised four cycles of PLD (40 mg/m2) on day 1 every 28 days, in combination with SB-485232 at increasing doses (1, 3, 10, 30, and 100 μg/kg) on days 2 and 9 of each cycle, to be administered over five subject cohorts, followed by discretionary PLD monotherapy. Sixteen subjects were enrolled. One subject withdrew due to PLD hypersensitivity. Most subjects (82%) were platinum-resistant or refractory, and had received a median of three or more prior chemotherapy regimens. SB-485232 up to 100 μg/kg with PLD had an acceptable safety profile. Common drug-related adverse events were grade 1 or 2 (no grade 4 or 5 adverse events). Concomitant PLD administration did not attenuate the biologic activity of IL-18, with maximal SB-485232 biologic activity already observed at 3 μg/kg. Ten of 16 enrolled subjects (63%) completed treatment, whereas five (31%) subjects progressed on treatment. A 6% partial objective response rate and a 38% stable disease rate were observed. We provide pilot data suggesting that SB-485232 at the 3 μg/kg dose level in combination with PLD is safe and biologically active. This combination warrants further study in a phase II trial. Cancer Immunol Res; 1(3); 168–78. ©2013 AACR.