bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REM sleep and depressive symptoms in a population‐based study of middle‐aged and elderly persons
Authors: Luik Annemarie I. , Zuurbier Lisette A. , Whitmore Harry , Hofman Albert , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: January 2015

SummaryAlterations in rapid eye movement sleep have been consistently related to depression in clinical studies. So far, there is limited evidence from population‐based studies for this association of rapid eye movement sleep alterations with depressive symptoms. In 489 participants of the Rotterdam Study, we assessed rapid eye movement sleep latency, rapid eye movement sleep duration and rapid eye movement density with ambulant polysomnography, and depressive symptoms with the Center of Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression Scale. A longer rapid eye movement sleep latency (B = 0.002, P = 0.025) and higher rapid eye movement density (B = 0.015, P = 0.046) were related to depressive symptoms after age–sex adjustment. When we excluded persons who used sleep medication or medication for the nervous system (n = 124), only rapid eye movement density remained related to depressive symptoms (B = 0.018, P = 0.027). Our results suggest that rapid eye movement density is a marker of depressive symptoms in the general population, and that associations of rapid eye movement sleep with depressive symptoms are modified by the use of medication.
Factors associated with hepatitis C virus RNA levels in early chronic infection: the InC3 study
Authors: Hajarizadeh B. , Grady B. , Page K. , Kim A. Y. , McGovern B. H. , Cox A. L. , Rice T. M. , Sacks‐Davis R. , Bruneau J. , Morris M. , Amin J. , Schinkel J. , Applegate T. , Maher L. , Hellard M. , Lloyd A. R. , Prins M. , Geskus R. B. , Dore G. J. , Grebely J. ,   the InC Study Group
Published: January 2015

SummaryImproved understanding of natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA levels in chronic infection provides enhanced insights into immunopathogenesis of HCV and has implications for the clinical management of chronic HCV infection. This study assessed factors associated with HCV RNA levels during early chronic infection in a population with well‐defined early chronic HCV infection. Data were from an international collaboration of nine prospective cohorts studying acute HCV infection (InC3 study). Individuals with persistent HCV and detectable HCV RNA during early chronic infection (one year [±4 months] postinfection) were included. Distribution of HCV RNA levels during early chronic infection was compared by selected host and virological factors. A total of 308 individuals were included. Median HCV RNA levels were significantly higher among males (vs females; 5.15 vs 4.74 log IU/mL; P < 0.01) and among individuals with HIV co‐infection (vs no HIV; 5.89 vs 4.86; P = 0.02). In adjusted logistic regression, male sex (vs female, adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.93; 95%CI: 1.01, 3.69), interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) rs12979860 CC genotype (vs TT/CT; AOR: 2.48; 95%CI: 1.42, 4.35), HIV co‐infection (vs no HIV; AOR: 3.27; 95%CI: 1.35, 7.93) and HCV genotype G2 (vs G3; AOR: 5.40; 95%CI: 1.63, 17.84) were independently associated with high HCV RNA levels (>5.6 log IU/mL = 400 000 IU/mL). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that IFNL4 rs12979860 CC genotype, male sex, HIV co‐infection and HCV genotype G2 are associated with high HCV RNA levels in early chronic infection. These factors exert their role as early as one year following infection.
Expression of Nociceptive Ligands in Canine Osteosarcoma
Authors: Shor S. , Fadl‐Alla B.A. , Pondenis H.C. , Zhang X. , Wycislo K.L. , Lezmi S. , Fan T.M. 
Published: January 2015

BackgroundCanine osteosarcoma (OS) is associated with localized pain as a result of tissue injury from tumor infiltration and peritumoral inflammation. Malignant bone pain is caused by stimulation of peripheral pain receptors, termed nociceptors, which reside in the localized tumor microenvironment, including the periosteal and intramedullary bone cavities. Several nociceptive ligands have been determined to participate directly or indirectly in generating bone pain associated with diverse skeletal abnormalities.HypothesisCanine OS cells actively produce nociceptive ligands with the capacity to directly or indirectly activate peripheral pain receptors residing in the bone tumor microenvironment.AnimalsTen dogs with appendicular OS.MethodsExpression of nerve growth factor, endothelin‐1, and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase‐1 was characterized in OS cell lines and naturally occurring OS samples. In 10 dogs with OS, circulating concentrations of nociceptive ligands were quantified and correlated with subjective pain scores and tumor volume in patients treated with standardized palliative therapies.ResultsCanine OS cells express and secrete nerve growth factor, endothelin‐1, and prostaglandin E2. Naturally occurring OS samples uniformly express nociceptive ligands. In a subset of OS‐bearing dogs, circulating nociceptive ligand concentrations were detectable but failed to correlate with pain status. Localized foci of nerve terminal proliferation were identified in a minority of primary bone tumor samples.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCanine OS cells express nociceptive ligands, potentially permitting active participation of OS cells in the generation of malignant bone pain. Specific inhibitors of nociceptive ligand signaling pathways might improve pain control in dogs with OS.
Elevated AST‐to‐platelet ratio index is associated with increased all‐cause mortality among HIV‐infected adults in Zambia
Authors: Vinikoor Michael J. , Sinkala Edford , Mweemba Aggrey , Zanolini Arianna , Mulenga Lloyd , Sikazwe Izukanji , Fried Michael W. , Eron Joseph J. , Wandeler Gilles , Chi Benjamin H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractBackground & AimsWe investigated the association between significant liver fibrosis, determined by AST‐to‐platelet ratio index (APRI), and all‐cause mortality among HIV‐infected patients prescribed antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Zambia.MethodsAmong HIV‐infected adults who initiated ART, we categorized baseline APRI scores according to established thresholds for significant hepatic fibrosis (APRI ≥1.5) and cirrhosis (APRI ≥2.0). Using multivariable logistic regression we identified risk factors for elevated APRI including demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), HIV clinical and immunological status, and tuberculosis. In the subset tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), we investigated the association of hepatitis B virus co‐infection with APRI score. Using Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression we determined the association of elevated APRI with death during ART.ResultsAmong 20 308 adults in the analysis cohort, 1027 (5.1%) had significant liver fibrosis at ART initiation including 616 (3.0%) with cirrhosis. Risk factors for significant fibrosis or cirrhosis included male sex, BMI <18, WHO clinical stage 3 or 4, CD4+ count <200 cells/mm3, and tuberculosis. Among the 237 (1.2%) who were tested, HBsAg‐positive patients had four times the odds (adjusted odds ratio, 4.15; 95% CI, 1.71–10.04) of significant fibrosis compared HBsAg‐negatives. Both significant fibrosis (adjusted hazard ratio 1.41, 95% CI, 1.21–1.64) and cirrhosis (adjusted hazard ratio 1.57, 95% CI, 1.31–1.89) were associated with increased all‐cause mortality.ConclusionLiver fibrosis may be a risk factor for mortality during ART among HIV‐infected individuals in Africa. APRI is an inexpensive and potentially useful test for liver fibrosis in resource‐constrained settings.
Do island plant populations really have lower genetic variation than mainland populations? Effects of selection and distribution range on genetic diversity estimates
Authors: García‐Verdugo C. , Sajeva M. , La Mantia T. , Harrouni C. , Msanda F. , Caujapé‐Castells J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEcological and evolutionary studies largely assume that island populations display low levels of neutral genetic variation. However, this notion has only been formally tested in a few cases involving plant taxa, and the confounding effect of selection on genetic diversity (GD) estimates based on putatively neutral markers has typically been overlooked. Here, we generated nuclear microsatellite and plastid DNA sequence data in Periploca laevigata, a plant taxon with an island–mainland distribution area, to (i) investigate whether selection affects GD estimates of populations across contrasting habitats; and (ii) test the long‐standing idea that island populations have lower GD than their mainland counterparts. Plastid data showed that colonization of the Canary Islands promoted strong lineage divergence within P. laevigata, which was accompanied by selective sweeps at several nuclear microsatellite loci. Inclusion of loci affected by strong divergent selection produced a significant downward bias in the GD estimates of the mainland lineage, but such underestimates were substantial (>14%) only when more than one loci under selection were included in the computations. When loci affected by selection were removed, we did not find evidence that insular Periploca populations have less GD than their mainland counterparts. The analysis of data obtained from a comprehensive literature survey reinforced this result, as overall comparisons of GD estimates between island and mainland populations were not significant across plant taxa (N = 66), with the only exception of island endemics with narrow distributions. This study suggests that identification and removal of markers potentially affected by selection should be routinely implemented in estimates of GD, particularly if different lineages are compared. Furthermore, it provides compelling evidence that the expectation of low GD cannot be generalized to island plant populations.
Limited influence of local and landscape factors on finescale gene flow in two pond‐breeding amphibians
Authors: Coster Stephanie S. , Babbitt Kimberly J. , Cooper Andrew , Kovach Adrienne I. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractDispersal and gene flow within animal populations are influenced by the composition and configuration of the landscape. In this study, we evaluated hypotheses about the impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on genetic differentiation in two amphibian species, the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) and the wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) in a commercial forest in central Maine. We conducted this analysis at two scales: a local level, focused on factors measured at each breeding pond, and a landscape level, focused on factors measured between ponds. We investigated the effects of a number of environmental factors in six categories including Productivity, Physical, Land Composition, Land Configuration, Isolation and Location. Embryos were sampled from 56 spotted salamander breeding ponds and 39 wood frog breeding ponds. We used a hierarchical Bayesian approach in the program GESTE at each breeding pond and a random forest algorithm in conjunction with a network analysis between the ponds. We found overall high genetic connectivity across distances up to 17 km for both species and a limited effect of natural and anthropogenic factors on gene flow. We found the null models best explained patterns of genetic differentiation at a local level and found several factors at the landscape level that weakly influenced gene flow. This research indicates multiscale investigations that incorporate local and landscape factors are valuable for understanding patterns of gene flow. Our findings suggest that dispersal rates in this system are high enough to minimize genetic structuring and that current forestry practices do not significantly impede dispersal.
Cyanobacteria drive community composition and functionality in rock–soil interface communities
Authors: Valverde Angel , Makhalanyane Thulani P. , Seely Mary , Cowan Don A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMost ecological research on hypoliths, significant primary producers in hyperarid deserts, has focused on the diversity of individual groups of microbes (i.e. bacteria). However, microbial communities are inherently complex, and the interactions between cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria, protista and metazoa are likely to be very important for ecosystem functioning. Cyanobacterial and heterotrophic bacterial communities were analysed by pyrosequencing, while metazoan and protistan communities were assessed by T‐RFLP analysis. Microbial functionality was estimated using carbon substrate utilization. Cyanobacterial community composition was significant in shaping community structure and function in hypoliths. Ecological network analysis showed that most significant co‐occurrences were positive, representing potential synergistic interactions. There were several highly interconnected associations (modules), and specific cyanobacteria were important in driving the modular structure of hypolithic networks. Together, our results suggest that hypolithic cyanobacteria have strong effects on higher trophic levels and ecosystem functioning.
The genetic basis of population fecundity prediction across multiple field populations of Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Sun Zhong Xiang , Zhai Yi Fan , Zhang Jian Qing , Kang Kui , Cai Jing Heng , Fu Yonggui , Qiu Jie Qi , Shen Jia Wei , Zhang Wen Qing 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIdentifying the molecular markers for complex quantitative traits in natural populations promises to provide novel insight into genetic mechanisms of adaptation and to aid in forecasting population dynamics. In this study, we investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using candidate gene approach from high‐ and low‐fecundity populations of the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) divergently selected for fecundity. We also tested whether the population fecundity can be predicted by a few SNPs. Seven genes (ACE, fizzy, HMGCR, LpR, Sxl, Vg and VgR) were inspected for SNPs in N. lugens, which is a serious insect pest of rice. By direct sequencing of the complementary DNA and promoter sequences of these candidate genes, 1033 SNPs were discovered within high‐ and low‐fecundity BPH populations. A panel of 121 candidate SNPs were selected and genotyped in 215 individuals from 2 laboratory populations (HFP and LFP) and 3 field populations (GZP, SGP and ZSP). Prior to association tests, population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) among the 3 field populations were analysed. The association results showed that 7 SNPs were significantly associated with population fecundity in BPH. These significant SNPs were used for constructing general liner models with stepwise regression. The best predictive model was composed of 2 SNPs (ACE‐862 and VgR‐816) with very good fitting degree. We found that 29% of the phenotypic variation in fecundity could be accounted for by only two markers. Using two laboratory populations and a complete independent field population, the predictive accuracy was 84.35–92.39%. The predictive model provides an efficient molecular method to predict BPH fecundity of field populations and provides novel insights for insect population management.
Global variability in leaf respiration in relation to climate, plant functional types and leaf traits
Authors: Atkin Owen K. , Bloomfield Keith J. , Reich Peter B. , Tjoelker Mark G. , Asner Gregory P. , Bonal Damien , Bönisch Gerhard , Bradford Matt G. , Cernusak Lucas A. , Cosio Eric G. , Creek Danielle , Crous Kristine Y. , Domingues Tomas F. , Dukes Jeffrey S. , Egerton John J. G. , Evans John R. , Farquhar Graham D. , Fyllas Nikolaos M. , Gauthier Paul P. G. , Gloor Emanuel , Gimeno Teresa E. , Griffin Kevin L. , Guerrieri Rossella , Heskel Mary A. , Huntingford Chris , Ishida Françoise Yoko , Kattge Jens , Lambers Hans , Liddell Michael J. , Lloyd Jon , Lusk Christopher H. , Martin Roberta E. , Maksimov Ayal P. , Maximov Trofim C. , Malhi Yadvinder , Medlyn Belinda E. , Meir Patrick , Mercado Lina M. , Mirotchnick Nicholas , Ng Desmond , Niinemets Ülo , O'Sullivan Odhran S. , Phillips Oliver L. , Poorter Lourens , Poot Pieter , Prentice I. Colin , Salinas Norma , Rowland Lucy M. , Ryan Michael G. , Sitch Stephen , Slot Martijn , Smith Nicholas G. , Turnbull Matthew H. , VanderWel Mark C. , Valladares Fernando , Veneklaas Erik J. , Weerasinghe Lasantha K. , Wirth Christian , Wright Ian J. , Wythers Kirk R. , Xiang Jen , Xiang Shuang , Zaragoza‐Castells Joana 
Published: January 2015

Summary

Leaf dark respiration (Rdark) is an important yet poorly quantified component of the global carbon cycle. Given this, we analyzed a new global database of Rdark and associated leaf traits.

Data for 899 species were compiled from 100 sites (from the Arctic to the tropics). Several woody and nonwoody plant functional types (PFTs) were represented. Mixed‐effects models were used to disentangle sources of variation in Rdark.

Area‐based Rdark at the prevailing average daily growth temperature (T) of each site increased only twofold from the Arctic to the tropics, despite a 20°C increase in growing T (8–28°C). By contrast, Rdark at a standard T (25°C, Rdark25) was threefold higher in the Arctic than in the tropics, and twofold higher at arid than at mesic sites. Species and PFTs at cold sites exhibited higher Rdark25 at a given photosynthetic capacity (Vcmax25) or leaf nitrogen concentration ([N]) than species at warmer sites. Rdark25 values at any given Vcmax25 or [N] were higher in herbs than in woody plants.

The results highlight variation in Rdark among species and across global gradients in T and aridity. In addition to their ecological significance, the results provide a framework for improving representation of Rdark in terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) and associated land‐surface components of Earth system models (ESMs).
HbNIN2, a cytosolic alkaline/neutral‐invertase, is responsible for sucrose catabolism in rubber‐producing laticifers of Hevea brasiliensis (para rubber tree)
Authors: Liu Shujin , Lan Jixian , Zhou Binhui , Qin Yunxia , Zhou Yihua , Xiao Xiaohu , Yang Jianghua , Gou Jiqing , Qi Jiyan , Huang Yacheng , Tang Chaorong 
Published: January 2015

Summary

In Hevea brasiliensis, an alkaline/neutral invertase (A/N‐Inv) is responsible for sucrose catabolism in latex (essentially the cytoplasm of rubber‐producing laticifers, the source of natural rubber) and implicated in rubber yield. However, neither the gene encoding this enzyme nor its molecular and biochemical properties have been well documented.

Three Hevea A/N‐Inv genes, namely HbNIN1, 2 and 3, were first cloned and characterized in planta and in Escherichia coli. Cellular localizations of HbNIN2 mRNA and protein were probed. From latex, active A/N‐Inv proteins were purified, identified, and explored for enzymatic properties.

HbNIN2 was identified as the major A/N‐Inv gene functioning in latex based on its functionality in E. coli, its latex‐predominant expression, the conspicuous localization of its mRNA and protein in the laticifers, and its expressional correlation with rubber yield. An active A/N‐Inv protein was partially purified from latex, and determined as HbNIN2. The enhancement of HbNIN2 enzymatic activity by pyridoxal is peculiar to A/N‐Invs in other plants.

We conclude that HbNIN2, a cytosolic A/N‐Inv, is responsible for sucrose catabolism in rubber laticifers. The results contribute to the studies of sucrose catabolism in plants as a whole and natural rubber synthesis in particular.
Evaluation of the pediatric post anesthesia discharge scoring system in an ambulatory surgery unit
Authors: Moncel Jean Benoit , Nardi Nicolas , Wodey Eric , Pouvreau Aline , Ecoffey Claude 
Published: January 2015

SummaryIntroductionTo optimize the care pathway for children scheduled for ambulatory surgery, a pediatric postanesthetic discharge scoring system (Ped‐PADSS) was developed from a score used in adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate this score prospectively on a cohort of children who had a day case surgical procedure.Materials and methodsThis was a single center prospective observational study. Inclusion criteria were predefined as follows: children aged 6 months–16 years at the time of the study, with a scheduled day surgery. Discharge was validated by Ped‐PADSS scores ≥9, obtained at one hour intervals, after the return from the operating room and with the agreement of the surgeon. The duration of postoperative hospitalization was compared with data collected before the implementation of the score using the Student's t‐test.ResultsFrom February to July 2012, 1060 children were included. One hour after the return from the operating room, 97.2% of children were dischargeable using Ped‐PADSS. Two hours after the return from the operating room, 99.8% of children were dischargeable. The median postoperative hospital stay (n = 1041) was reduced by 69 min compared to the median stay before using the output score (n = 150) (P < 0.01).ConclusionThe Ped‐PADSS score allows for the majority of children to be discharged 1 h after their return from the postanesthesia care unit. Children who were discharged using the Ped‐PADSS score returned home in safe and optimal conditions.
Not all ideals are equal: Intrinsic and extrinsic ideals in relationships
Authors: RODRIGUEZ LINDSEY M. , HADDEN BENJAMIN W. , KNEE C. RAYMOND 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe ideal standards model suggests that greater consistency between ideal standards and actual perceptions of one's relationship predicts positive relationship evaluations; however, no research has evaluated whether this differs across types of ideals. A self‐determination theory perspective was derived to test whether satisfaction of intrinsic ideals buffers the importance of extrinsic ideals. Participants (N = 195) in committed relationships directly and indirectly reported the extent to which their partner met their ideal on two dimensions: intrinsic (e.g., warm, intimate) and extrinsic (e.g., attractive, successful). Relationship need fulfillment and relationship quality were also assessed. Hypotheses were largely supported, such that satisfaction of intrinsic ideals more strongly predicted relationship functioning, and satisfaction of intrinsic ideals buffered the relevance of extrinsic ideals for outcomes.
Overweight, central obesity, and cardiometabolic risk factors in pediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Dagher Marc , Ng Vicky L. , Carpenter Andrea , Rankin Stephanie , De Angelis Maria , Avitzur Yaron , Mouzaki Marialena 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPTMS describes the presence of ≥3 cardiometabolic risk factors that include obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and IR. The prevalence of the clustering of ≥3 cardiometabolic risk factors or central obesity has not been studied in pediatric LT recipients. Single‐center, cross‐sectional study. Inclusion criteria: LT recipients 2–18 yr‐old, at least one yr post‐LT. Exclusion criteria: recipients of liver retransplants or multivisceral transplants. Eighty‐seven patients were identified. Median age was 9.8 yr (range 2–18), median time since LT was 6.9 yr (range 1–17). The most common indication for LT was biliary atresia (56%), and the most frequently used immunosuppressant was tacrolimus (80%). The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 21% and 5%, respectively. Central obesity affected 14%, hypertension 44%, IR 27%, low HDL 20%, and hypertriglyceridemia 39% of patients. The prevalence of ≥3 cardiometabolic risk factors was 19%. Fifty percent of the overweight/obese patients had ≥3 risk factors. Time since transplant, immunosuppression and renal function were not different between those with <3 or ≥3 risk factors. Clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors is prevalent in pediatric LT recipients, suggesting an increased risk of future CV events.