bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Pulse Laser Annealing to Increase Sharpness of Implanted-junction Rectifier in Semiconductor Heterostructure
Authors: Pankratov E. L. 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
It has been recently shown that inhomogeneity of a semiconductor heterostructure leads to increasing of sharpness of diffusion-junction and implanted-junction rectifiers, which are formed in the semiconductor heterostructure. It has been also shown that together with increasing of the sharpness, homogeneity of impurity distribution in doped area increases. The both effect could be increased by formation of an inhomogeneous distribution of temperature (for example, by laser annealing). Some conditions on correlation between inhomogeneities of the semiconductor heterostructure and temperature distribution have been considered. Annealing time has been optimized for pulse laser annealing.
Controlled Growth and Cathodoluminescence Property of ZnS nanobelts with Large Aspect Ratio
Authors: Wu Xiang , Lei Ying , Zheng Yufeng , Qu Fengyu 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
ZnS nanobelts with large aspect ratio are successfully synthesized on a large scale through thermally evaporating of ZnS powder with a trace of SnO2 powder using gold coated Si wafer as the substrate at 1100°C. The results indicate that the as-obtained ZnS nanobelts are about 10 nm in thickness and hundreds of micrometers in length, and the aspect ratio reaches more than 104. Substrate dependent experiments are conducted to better study the growth mechanism of the ZnS nanobelts. Subsequently, optical properties of the as-synthesized ZnS nanobelts are also investigated by using a cathodoluminescence (CL) system, which shows the existence of a strong ultraviolet emission at 342 nm and two poor emission peaks at 522 nm and 683 nm at room temperature, respectively.
Identification of Risk Factors for Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency After Pancreaticoduodenectomy Using a 13C‐Labeled Mixed Triglyceride Breath Test
Authors: Hirono Seiko , Murakami Yoshiaki , Tani Masaji , Kawai Manabu , Okada Ken‐ichi , Uemura Kenichiro , Sudo Takeshi , Hashimoto Yasushi , Nakagawa Naoya , Kondo Naru , Yamaue Hiroki 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere are only a few reports concerning long‐term exocrine function after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), although the number of long‐term survivors has increased. We assessed pancreatic exocrine function after PD in 189 patients to identify risk factors for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency.MethodsWe evaluated patients’ exocrine function by using the 13C‐labeled mixed triglyceride breath test, a noninvasive test feasible in outpatient service units. The present study included 99 patients that underwent pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ) at Wakayama Medical University Hospital and 90 patients that underwent pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) at Hiroshima University Hospital, the standard reconstruction techniques during PD at the respective hospitals. We also analyzed long‐term morphological changes of remnant pancreas by computed tomography (main pancreatic duct dilation and parenchymal atrophy), nutritional status, and endocrine function.ResultsIndependent risk factors for exocrine insufficiency after PD include hard pancreas (P = 0.003, odds ratio; 3.157) and PG reconstruction (P = 0.040, odds ratio; 2.321). Breath test results correlated significantly with post‐operative morphological changes, nutritional status, and endocrine function. Atrophic changes of the remnant pancreas in the PG group were more severe than those in the PJ group. Furthermore, for patients with a soft pancreas, postoperative body weight changes, prognostic nutritional index, serum total protein levels as well as exocrine test were worse in the PG group, compared with the PJ group.ConclusionsOur results showed that PJ reconstruction might be superior to PG during PD, from the viewpoint of long‐term pancreatic exocrine function, although further prospective studies are needed.
Autoadjustable Sutures and Modified Seldinger Technique Applied to Laparoscopic Jejunostomy
Authors: Pili Diego , Ciotola Franco , Riganti Juan Martín , Badaloni Adolfo , Nieponice Alejandro 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis is a simple technique to be applied to those patients requiring an alternative feeding method. This technique has been successfully applied to 25 patients suffering from esophageal carcinoma. The procedure involves laparoscopic approach, suture of the selected intestinal loop to the abdominal wall and jejunostomy using Seldinger technique and autoadjustable sutures. No morbidity or mortality was reported.
Prevalence of Cold Sensitivity in Patients with Hand Pathology
Authors: Novak Christine B. , McCabe Steven J. 
Published: October 2014

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cold sensitivity in patients with hand- and wrist-related diagnoses. Methods We included English-speaking adults who were more than 1 month following hand injury or onset of symptoms. Patients were asked if exposure to cold air or water provoked cold-related symptoms and to rank symptom severity (scale 0–10). Statistical analyses evaluated the relationships between the cold sensitivity and independent variables (age, gender, history of trauma, and time from injury/symptoms). Results There were 197 patients (mean age 49± 16 years): 98 trauma and 99 non-trauma cases. Cold-induced symptoms were reported by 34 %, with 10 % reporting severe symptoms. Exposure to cold air is the most common catalyst; mean severity score was 6.7±2.2. Those with traumatic injuries compared to non-trauma diagnoses reported significantly more cold-induced symptoms ( p=.04). Using backward linear regression, the significant predictors of cold symptom severity were trauma ( p=.004) and time since onset ( p=.003). Including only the trauma patients in the regression model, the significant predictor was time since injury ( p=.005). Conclusions Cold-induced symptoms are reported by more than 30 % of hand-related diagnoses, and exposure to cold air was the most commonly reported trigger. The significant predictors of cold-induced symptoms are traumatic injuries and longer time from injury. This study provides evidence of the common problem of cold sensitivity in patients with hand pathology. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level II
Improved Chemical Synthesis, X‐Ray Crystallographic Analysis, and NMR Characterization of (22R)‐/(22S)‐Hydroxy Epimers of Bile Acids
Authors: Omura Kaoru , Ohsaki Ayumi , Zhou Biao , Kushida Manaka , Mitsuma Takashi , Kobayashi Akiko , Hagey Lee R. , Hofmann Alan F. , Iida Takashi 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report an improved synthesis of the (22R)‐ and (22S)‐epimers of 3α,7α,12α,22‐tetrahydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid and 3α,7α,22‐trihydroxy‐5β‐cholan‐24‐oic acid from cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), respectively. The principal reactions involved were as follows: (1) oxidative decarboxylation of the bile acid peracetates with lead tetraacetate, and (2) subsequent Reformatsky reaction of the 23,24‐dinor‐22‐aldehydes with ethyl bromoacetate in the presence of activated Zn as a catalyst with the reaction temperature maintained precisely at 75 °C. The absolute configuration of the chiral center at C‐22 of each epimer was established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data using its ethyl ester‐peracetate derivative. The 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectra that permit the (22R)‐ and (22S)‐epimers to be distinguished are reported as well as the specific 1H shift effects induced by C5D5N. Bile acids having hydroxyl groups at C‐22 are present in a variety of animal biles, previously have been difficult to identify, and are known to have distinctive physicochemical and biological properties.
Joining of Individual Silver Nanowires via Electrical Current
Authors: Vafaei Arash , Hu Anming , Goldthorpe Irene A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA procedure for joining polyol-synthesized silver nanowires in air using current-induced Joule heat welding is reported. Using a common probe station and photolithographically patterned gold electrodes, the welding process is completed using a common semiconductor analyzer. A unique two-step procedure eliminates the dielectric barrier at the point of contact without damaging the nanowires away from the junction. This procedure is designed for metal–metal contacts where a strong dielectric intermediate layer might exist, which can occur with metals prone to oxidation or corrosion in air, or as a result of the electrode deposition process. Ohmic connections are also established in cases where there is an initial gap between two nanowires.
Composites of Graphene and LiFePO4 as Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Battery: A Mini-review
Authors: Wu Haixia , Liu Qinjiao , Guo Shouwu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis mini-review highlights selectively the recent research progress in the composites of LiFePO4 and graphene. In particularly, the different fabrication protocols, and the electrochemical performance of the composites are summarized in detail. The structural and morphology characters of graphene sheets that may affect the property of the composites are discussed briefly. The possible ongoing researches in area are speculated upon.
Amplified Detection of Iron Ion Based on Plasmon Enhanced Fluorescence and Subsequently Fluorescence Quenching
Authors: Zhou Lin , Zhang Han , Luan Yanping , Cheng Si , Fan Li-Juan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA facile and rapid approach for detecting low concentration of iron ion (Fe3+) with improved sensitivity was developed on the basis of plasmon enhanced fluorescence and subsequently amplified fluorescence quenching. Au1Ag4@SiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and dispersed into fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) solution. The fluorescence of the FITC solution was improved due to plasmon enhanced fluorescence. However, efficient fluorescence quenching of the FITC/Au1Ag4@SiO2 solution was subsequently achieved when Fe3+, with a concentration ranging from 17 nM to 3.4 μM, was added into the FITC/Au1Ag4@SiO2 solution, whereas almost no fluorescence quenching was observed for pure FITC solution under the same condition. FITC/Au1Ag4@SiO2 solution shows a better sensitivity for detecting low concentration of Fe3+ compared to pure FITC solution. The quantized limit of detection toward Fe3+ was improved from 4.6 μM for pure FITC solution to 20 nM for FITC/Au1Ag4@SiO2 solution.
Spin-dependent Transport Properties of CrO2 Micro Rod
Authors: Wang Zhen , Xi Li , Yang Yikai , Li Yue , Han Xuemeng , Zuo Yalu , Wang Jianbo 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe CrO2 micro rod powder was synthesized by decomposing the CrO3 flakes at a specific temperature to yield precursor and annealing such a precursor in a sealed glass tube. The magneto-transport properties have been measured by a direct current four-probe method using a Cu/CrO2 rods/colloidal silver liquid electrode sandwich device. The largest magnetoresistance (MR) around ~72 % was observed at 77 K with applied current of 0.05 μA. The non-linear I–V curve indicates a tunneling type transport properties and the tunneling barrier height is around 2.2 ± 0.04 eV at 77 K, which is obtained with fitting the non-linear I–V curves using Simmons’ equation. A mixing of Cr oxides on the surface of CrO2 rod observed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy provides a tunneling barrier rather than a single phase of Cr2O3 insulating barrier. The MR shows strong bias voltage dependence and is ascribed to the two-step tunneling process.
Angle-Resolved Plasmonic Properties of Single Gold Nanorod Dimers
Authors: Wu Jian , Lu Xuxing , Zhu Qiannan , Zhao Junwei , Shen Qishun , Zhan Li , Ni Weihai 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThrough wet-chemical assembly methods, gold nanorods were placed close to each other and formed a dimer with a gap distance ~1 nm, and hence degenerated plasmonic dipole modes of individual nanorods coupled together to produce hybridized bonding and antibonding resonance modes. Previous studies using a condenser for illumination result in averaged signals over all excitation angles. By exciting an individual dimer obliquely at different angles, we demonstrate that these two new resonance modes are highly tunable and sensitive to the angle between the excitation polarization and the dimer orientation, which follows cos2φ dependence. Moreover, for dimer structures with various structure angles, the resonance wavelengths as well as the refractive index sensitivities were found independent of the structure angle. Calculated angle-resolved plasmonic properties are in good agreement with the measurements. The assembled nanostructures investigated here are important for fundamental researches as well as potential applications when they are used as building blocks in plasmon-based optical and optoelectronic devices.
Rare Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms are Associated with High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE) Susceptibility in Han Chinese
Authors: Luo Yongjun , Gao Wenxiang , Chen Yu , Liu Fuyu , Gao Yuqi 
Published: October 2014

Background.— The role of genetics in determining an individual's susceptibility to high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) is unclear. However a number of genetic polymorphisms have recently been found to be overrepresented in patients with HAPE. Changes at the mitochondrial level may play an important role in the human body's adaptation to hypoxia. Polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been shown to be responsible for differences in organelle function. Therefore, the frequency of mtDNA 3397A/G and 3552T/A polymorphisms were studied to determine their potential role in HAPE. Objectives.— To further study the role of mtDNA 3397A/G and 3552T/A variations of reduced nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide dehydrogenase 1 in HAPE susceptibility. Methods.— The single-nucleotide polymorphisms of mtDNA 3397 and 3552 in patients with HAPE ( n = 132) and their matched control subjects ( n = 233) were studied using polymerase chain reaction sequencing. Results.— The frequency of mtDNA 3397G in the HAPE group (2.3%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (0%; P = .021; odds ratio, 2.806; 95% confidence interval, 2.443 to 3.223). The frequency of mtDNA 3552A in the HAPE group (6.8%) also was significantly higher than in the control group (1.7%; P = .012; odds ratio, 4.198; 95% confidence interval, 1.264 to 13.880). Conclusions.— In this study, we present the first evidence of differences in mtDNA polymorphism frequencies between HAPE victims and healthy Han Chinese. Genotypes of mtDNA 3397G and 3552A were correlated with HAPE susceptibility. This result could contribute to defining the role of the mitochondrial genome in the pathogenesis of HAPE.
Fatalities From Venomous and Nonvenomous Animals in the United States (1999–2007)
Authors: Forrester Jared A. , Holstege Christopher P. , Forrester Joseph D. 
Published: October 2014

Objective To review recent (1999–2007) US mortality data from deaths caused by nonvenomous and venomous animals and compare recent data with historic data. Methods The CDC WONDER Database was queried to return all animal-related fatalities between 1999 and 2007. Rates for animal-related fatalities were calculated using the estimated 2003 US population. Inclusion criteria included all mortalities that were a consequence of bite, contact, attack, or envenomation (ICD-10 codes W53–W59 and X20–X29). Results There were 1802 animal-related fatalities with the majority coming from nonvenomous animals (60.4%). The largest percentage (36.4%) of animal-related fatalities was attributable to “other mammals,” which is largely composed of farm animals. Deaths attributable to Hymenoptera (hornets, wasps, and bees) have increased during the past 60 years in the United States and now account for more than 79 fatalities per year and 28.2% of the total animal-related fatalities from 1999 to 2007. Dog-related fatalities have increased in the United States, accounting for approximately 28 fatalities per year and 13.9% of the total animal-related fatalities. Conclusions Prevention measures aimed at minimizing injury from animals should be directed at certain high-risk groups such as farmworkers, agricultural workers, and parents of children with dogs.
The Hawkesbury Canoe Classic: Musculoskeletal Injury Surveillance and Risk Factors Associated With Marathon Paddling
Authors: Abraham David , Stepkovitch Nicholas 
Published: October 2014

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and risk factors for musculoskeletal injury associated with marathon paddling. Methods A prospective observational cohort study was conducted during the 2006 Hawkesbury Canoe Classic (HCC), an annual 111-km paddling race in Sydney, Australia. Before the race, a written questionnaire was distributed to competitors to gather information regarding their age, gender, type of craft they were competing in, paddling experience, HCC experience, training distances, and preceding injuries. The paddler's average race speed was also used for analysis. Injuries were recorded throughout the race. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify if any of the variables were associated with injuries observed during the race. Results Six hundred and twelve paddlers competed in the race, with 298 respondents participating in the study. Eighty-eight paddlers with a total of 135 injuries presented for medical assessment. More than one third of injuries involved the shoulder (35.6%), followed by the thoracic spine (23%), and lumbar spine (17%). Men were 3.6 times (CI: 1.39 to 9.32, P = .01) more likely to present with an injury compared with the women. A faster average speed (ie, faster finishing time) was correlated with a decrease in injury presentation (odds ratio 0.77, CI: 0.63 to 0.93, P = .01). Modifiable risk factors such as age, type of craft, paddling experience, HCC experience, training distances, and preceding injuries were not shown to increase the chance of injury presentation. Conclusions Further data gathered over a series of this race may point to modifiable risk factors that may help reduce the incidence of injury.
Immunization and challenge shown by hamsters infected withOpisthorchis viverrinifollowing exposure to gamma-irradiated metacercariae of this carcinogenic liver fluke
Authors: Papatpremsiri A. , Junpue P. , Loukas A. , Brindley P.J. , Bethony J.M. , Sripa B. , Laha T. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHere we report findings to optimize and standardize conditions to attenuate metacercariae ofOpisthorchis viverriniby ionizing radiation to elicit protective immune responses to challenge infection. Metacercariae were gamma-irradiated and the ability of irradiated metacercariae to prevent patent infection of challenge metacercariae in hamsters was determined, as well as their ability to induce a host antibody response. Metacercariae irradiated in a dose-dependent manner, with 3, 5, 10, 12, 20, 25 and 50 Gray, were used to infect Syrian golden hamsters by stomach gavage to ascertain the effect of irradiation on ability of the worms to establish infection. In addition, other hamsters were infected with metacercariae irradiated with 20–50 Gray, followed by challenge with intact/wild-type (non-irradiated) metacercariae to determine the protective effect as established by the numbers of adult flukes, eggs ofO. viverriniin hamster faeces and anti-O. viverriniantibody titres. Significantly fewer worms were recovered from hamsters immunized with metacercariae irradiated at 20, 25 and 50 Gray than from control hamsters infected with intact metacercariae or 0 Gray, and the worms showed damaged reproductive organs. Faecal egg numbers were decreased significantly in hamsters immunized with 25 and 50 Gray metacercariae ofO. viverrini. Moreover, hamsters administered metacercariae that were protected elicited a robust, specific anti-fluke immunoglobulin G response compared to control hamsters, suggesting a role for antibody in protection elicited by radiation-attenuated metacercariae.
Re-irradiation in head and neck cancers: an Indian tertiary cancer centre experience
Authors: Mallick S , Gandhi A K , Joshi N P , Pandit S , Bhasker S , Sharma A , Thakar A , Mohanti B K 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjective:To explore the treatment outcomes of patients treated with re-irradiation for recurrent or second primary head and neck cancer.Method:An analysis was performed of 79 head and neck cancer patients who underwent re-irradiation for second primaries or recurrent disease from January 1999 to December 2011.Results:Median time from previous radiation to re-irradiation for second primary or recurrence was 53.6 months (range, 2.7–454.7 months). Median age at diagnosis of first primary was 54 years. Median re-irradiation dose was 45 Gy (range, 45–60 Gy). Acute grade 3 or worse toxicity was seen in 30 per cent of patients. Median progression-free survival for recurrent disease was 15.0 months (95 per cent confidence interval, 8.33–21.66). The following factors had a statistically significant, positive impact on progression-free survival: patient age of less than 50 years (median progression-free survival was 29.43, vs 13.9 months for those aged 50 years or older; p = 0.004) and disease-free interval of 2 years or more (median progression-free survival was 51.66, vs 13.9 months for those with less than 2 years disease-free interval).Conclusion:Re-irradiation of second primaries or recurrences of head and neck cancers with moderate radiation doses yields acceptable progression-free survival and morbidity rates.
New laryngoscope for endoscopic arytenoidectomies
Authors: Yilmaz T , Süslü N , Bajin M D , Günaydin R Ö , Özer S , Atay G 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjective:During an endoscopic arytenoidectomy, an intubation tube must be elevated anteriorly with the laryngoscope to ensure an adequate surgical field. This paper describes a new laryngoscope that has a canal along the outer wall of the body and a ridge which runs along the canal.Method:Ten patients underwent endoscopic total arytenoidectomy using this new laryngoscope and 10 patients underwent the same operation using a regular laryngoscope.Results:The duration of all operations ranged between 25 and 65 minutes, with a median duration of 42.5 minutes. The median duration with the new laryngoscope was 39 minutes, and that with the regular laryngoscope was 49 minutes; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05).Conclusion:This new laryngoscope shortened the duration of the endoscopic arytenoidectomy and facilitated the procedure by enlarging the surgical field. This new laryngoscope may be a beneficial surgical instrument for posterior endoscopic laryngeal operations.