bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verhalten der Stute in der Geburt – eine
Literaturübersicht
Authors: Lindinger Hannah , Wehrend Axel 
Published: June 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Geburt des Pferdes ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es bei Verzögerungen sehr
schnell zum Tod des Fohlens kommt. Daher ist eine Geburtsüberwachung bzw. die
möglichst schnelle Erkennung einer Dystokie von großer Bedeutung. Dazu ist es
wichtig, zwischen Verhalten, das mit einer physiologischen Geburt und mit einer
Schwergeburt assoziiert ist, zu unterscheiden. Ziel dieser Veröffentlichung ist
es daher, anhand einer Literaturübersicht das physiologische Verhalten von
Stuten in der Geburt darzustellen. Das Verhalten der Stuten in der Öffnungsphase
der Geburt ist sehr individuell. Generell ist es durch eine Erhöhung der
Bewegungsaktivität gekennzeichnet. In dieser Phase sind 13 verschiedene
Verhaltensweisen beschrieben (z. B. Hinlegen und Aufstehen, Einstellen der
Futteraufnahme, lokales Schwitzen, häufiger Kot- und Harnabsatz). In der
Austreibungsphase und Nachgeburtsphase zeigen Stuten ein einheitlicheres
Verhaltensmuster. Über 95% der Stuten gebären in Seitenlage. Nach der Expulsion
des Fetus bleiben Stuten in der Regel noch einige Minuten liegen. Unmittelbar
nach dem Aufstehen beginnen die Stuten intensiv mit dem Fohlen Kontakt
aufzunehmen. Die Expulsion der Nachgeburt erfolgt meist im Stehen. Für die
Praxis ist festzuhalten, dass die Erkennung der Geburt in der Öffnungsphase der
Geburt aufgrund der individuellen Verhaltensweisen der Stuten schwierig ist.
Relation between Burnout and Psychosocial Factors in Health Care Providers and Family Caregivers of Patients with Cancer
Authors: Asha D. , Padmaja G. , Rao C. Raghavendra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Introduction Burnout has been widely studied among oncology health care providers such as nurses and doctors. However, it is a less explored but highly prevalent factor in family caregivers of patients with cancer.
Objective The study aimed to understand the construct of burnout among health care providers and family caregivers of patients with cancer, through three objectives: (1) to distinguish burnout between health care providers and family caregivers; (2) to predict burnout based on measurable characteristics, namely, perceived stress, psychological morbidity, well-being, problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and avoidant coping; and (3) to find out the levels of burnout (low, medium, and high) in health care providers and family caregivers.
Materials and Methods It is a cross-sectional study conducted among the health care providers and family caregivers of patients with cancer. The measures used in the study were the Professional Quality of Life scale, 12-Item General Health Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, 5-Item World Health Organization Well-Being Index, Brief COPE inventory, and a sociodemographic details form.
Results The study found a statistically significant difference in the mean burnout of health care providers (p = 0.027) and family caregivers. Study variables such as perceived stress and avoidant coping positively predicted burnout, whereas well-being and emotion-focused coping negatively predicted burnout. The study also found that a majority of the participants fell into the category of “medium” level of burnout.
Conclusion While enhancing well-being and employing adaptive coping styles can act as the mitigating factors to burnout, the existence of stress and maladaptive styles of coping can prove counterproductive in dealing with burnout in work environments. This indicates that there is a need for psychosocial interventions to help the medical professionals deal with the burnout.
Capacitating One Health in Eastern and Southern Africa: Experiences and Implications in Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Yordanos , Mor Siobhan , Knight-Jones Theo , Richards Shauna , Kaba Mirgissa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Capacitating One Health in Eastern and Southern Africa (COHESA) project team has embarked on an initiative to assess and enhance the OH landscape in Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA). To achieve the institutionalization and operationalization of OH, the project team has developed a multifaceted evaluation tool to assess the status of OH across research and innovation, governance, education, and implementation. The major findings of this assessment reveal a complex landscape of challenges and opportunities in Ethiopia. Within research and innovation, Ethiopia faces gaps in institutionalization and awareness of OH approaches and principles. In the field of education, participants emphasize the absence of formal OH education aligned with the education system in Ethiopia, emphasizing the need for robust action to align OH approaches and principles into the existing curriculum. Additionally, the governance structure for OH is not fully institutionalized, necessitating policy attention and resource allocation. Implementation of OH efforts also encounters challenges due to the lack of formal institutionalization and dedicated budgets. The Ethiopian COHESA team has developed a comprehensive plan to address these major thematic findings through advocacy, documentation of evidence, capacity building, and the championing of OH at all levels (regional and national). This case underscores the importance of government ownership and collaboration among stakeholders to bridge gaps and establish a solid foundation for OH in Ethiopia. This work also sheds light on Ethiopia’s journey toward institutionalizing and implementing OH practices and serves as a valuable resource for other countries seeking to embark on similar initiatives.

Information
© The Authors 2024
The Regenerative Vanua Journey: Rekindling the Connection and Regeneration of Vanua through Regenerative Agritourism Experiences
Authors: Addinsall Cherise , Spooner Jerry , Pollock Anna , Rakau-Tokatakee Laurana , Mackenzie-Reur Votausi , Barrett John , Bibi Patricia , Addinsall Eva 
Published: June 2024

Summary
This case study explores the journey of the not-for-profit Regenerative Vanua, which is an organisation operating in the South Pacific and is responsible for research, training and development support for regenerative agritourism and regenerative landscapes. Since its inception, Regenerative Vanua has developed the Regenerative Agritourism Pathway Recognition Program and the Regenerative Agritourism Framework, and in 2022 was awarded the Islands Innovations Award for the programs piloted in Vanuatu. Regenerative Vanua is now collaborating with the Global Agritourism Network, the Pasifika Agritourism Network, the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat, the World Indigenous Tourism Alliance, Pacific Island Food Revolution, the European Union, the Australian Centre for International Agriculture Research, and the Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research to apply what has been learned in Vanuatu throughout the Pacific Islands. The first Global Regenerative Agritourism Symposium – held in Vanuatu in June 2024 – spotlights the incredible work being done in the Pacific and allows the world to see that it is Pacific Islanders who are helping to lead us all into a regenerative future.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Dynamic responses of Salmonella Typhimurium to re-exposure to sublethal ciprofloxacin
Authors: Yi Jiseok , Kim Junhwan , Ahn Juhee 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the history-dependent behaviors of Salmonella Typhimurium re-exposed to sublethal levels of ciprofloxacin. The S. Typhimurium cells were pre-exposed to 0 (CON), 1/16 (LOW), 1/8 (MED), and 1/4 (HIGH) minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin, followed by re-exposure to the same concentrations. The bacterial growth, postantibiotic effect (PAE), relative fitness, and swimming motility of treatments were evaluated in the absence of ciprofloxacin. The lag phase duration (LPD) was estimate to assess bacterial recovery under ciprofloxacin exposure. A disk diffusion assay was used to determine the cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity of CON, LOW, MED, and HIGH treatments to ciprofloxacin (CIP), ceftriaxone (CEF), erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin (GEN), and polymyxin B (POL). The S. Typhimurium cells pre-exposed to ciprofloxacin were susceptible in antibiotic-free media, showing delayed growth. The highest PAE (&gt;1 h) and bacterial fluctuation (CV = 5%) were observed at the High treatment compared to the CON. The HIGH treatment had the lowest relative fitness levels (0.87) and swimming motility (55 mm). The LPD was significantly decreased at the LOW treatment (1.8 h) when re-exposed to 1/16 × MIC of ciprofloxacin. The LOW, MED, and HIGH treatments showed the cross-resistance to POL and the collateral sensitivity to CEF, ERY, and GEN. The pre-exposure to ciprofloxacin could induce phenotypic diversity, corresponding to the history-dependent behaviors. These results provide important insights for the dynamic nature of bacterial populations when re-exposed to sublethal concentrations of antibiotics.
Undergraduate Medical Education Curriculum Reforms in Pakistan: A Mixed Methods Study of Academic Leadership Perspectives
Authors: Bakhshi Saqib Kamran , Afzal Noreen , Merchant Asma Altaf Hussain , Abdul Rahim Komal , Shaikh Namra Qadeer , Noorali Ali Aahil , Lakhdir Maryam Pyar Ali , Tariq Muhammad , Haider Adil H. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Periodic revision of undergraduate medical education (UGME) curricula is an essential part of evidence-based educational practices. Pakistan’s national UGME curriculum, last updated in 2005, was reviewed, and recommended updates were made in 2022. The authors explore academic medical school leaders’ perspectives about the proposed reforms, gaps within the existing curriculum, and how to ensure the reform implementation is effective, collaborative, and feedback-driven.

Method
Using a mixed methods approach, data were collected from April to July 2022. Academic leadership (principals, who could designate vice principals or medical educators) at all medical schools across Pakistan (n = 117) were invited. Agreement with each of 20 proposed reforms was measured via a survey employing a Likert scale. A semistructured interview guide expanded on the survey questions with probes.

Results
Eighty-eight survey responses, from private (59; 67.0%) and public (29; 33.0%) institutions, were obtained (75.2% response rate). Participants recommended most of the proposed reforms. The 3 reforms that received the highest agreement were teaching professionalism as an integral part of the curriculum (83; 94.3%), mandating bedside procedural skills training (80; 90.9%), and including patient safety in the UGME curriculum (79; 89.8%). Including multidisciplinary tumor boards and surgical oncology had the lowest agreement (26; 29.5%). Fifteen interviews were conducted, which revealed 3 major themes: perceptions about changes to the curricular content, limitation of human and financial resources as barriers to reform implementation, and recommendations for effective implementation of an updated curriculum.

Conclusions
The findings reflect an overall positive attitude of academic medical school leadership toward the 20 proposed UGME curriculum reforms, which could aid with on-the-ground implementation. However, major limitations, such as a lack of trained faculty and financial resources, must be addressed. The authors propose future research on the resources required for implementing UGME reforms and the reforms’ impact after national implementation.
All You Need Is Music: Supporting Medical Students’ Emotional Development With a Music-Based Pedagogy
Authors: Rivas Marcelo B.S. , Cruvinel Agnes F.C. , Sacardo Daniele P. , Schubert Daniel U.C. , Bteshe Mariana , de Carvalho-Filho Marco A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Problem
Although the practice of medicine is often emotionally challenging, medical curricula seldom systematically address the emotional development of medical students. To fill this gap, the authors developed and evaluated an innovative pedagogical activity based on music to nurture medical students’ emotional development. The authors believe that the metaphoric nature of music offers an efficient venue for exploring emotion perception, expression, and regulation.

Approach
The pedagogical activity Emotions in Medicine was carried out throughout 2020 and 2021 and consisted of 4 encounters to explore: (1) emotion perception, (2) emotion expression, (3) emotion regulation, and (4) the role of emotions in medical practice. During all encounters, the authors used music to evoke students’ emotions and focused the discussions on the relevance of emotions for meaningful medical practice. Emotional intelligence before and after the workshop was tested using the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT), a validated psychometric scale.

Outcomes
The workshop facilitated emotional connection among students and created a safe space to explore the role of emotions in medical practice. The mean total pretest SSEIT score was 110 (SD = 14.2); it increased to 116.8 (SD = 16.1) in the posttest (P < .001). This increase was true across its 4 dimensions: (1) perception of emotions, (2) management of own emotions (3) management of others’ emotions, and (4) use of emotions.

Next Steps
Music can be an active tool to explore the role of emotions in medical practice. It fosters students’ capacity to identify and reflect on emotions while exploring their role in patient care. Further (qualitative) research is needed to explore the mechanisms by which music facilitates learning emotion perception, expression, and regulation.
Rhodoferax lithotrophicus sp. nov., a neutrophilic iron-oxidizing and -reducing bacterium isolated from iron-rich freshwater sediments
Authors: Kato Shingo , Itoh Takashi , Iino Takao , Sakamoto Mitsuo , Ohkuma Moriya 
Published: June 2024

A neutrophilic iron-oxidizing and -reducing bacterium, strain MIZ03T, was previously isolated from a wetland in Ibaraki, Japan. Here, we report the detailed characteristics of this strain. It was motile with a single polar flagellum, and Gram-stain-negative. It could grow not only chemolithoautotrophically but also chemoorganotrophically by aerobic respiration and fermentation. Major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 1
ω7c/C16 : 1
ω6c, and C16 : 0. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that strain MIZ03T belonged to the genus Rhodoferax. This strain was closely related to Rhodoferax ferrireducens with 98.5 % of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Based on its phenotypic and genomic based characteristics, we conclude that strain MIZ03T represents a new species in the genus Rhodoferax. We propose the name Rhodoferax lithotrophicus sp. nov. to accommodate this strain. The type strain is MIZ03T (=JCM 34246T=DSM 113266T). We also propose the name Rhodoferax koreensis sp. nov., of which the type strain is DCY110T (=KCTC 52288T=JCM 31441T), for the effectively, but not yet validly, published name ‘Rhodoferax koreense’.
Network pharmacological evaluation of active ingredients and potential targets of San Huang Decoction in the treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Chao Shuai , Liu Shiqiang , Wang Kun , Xie Mingming , Liu Beibei 
Published: June 2024

AbstractObjectiveUsing the method of network pharmacology, the possible targets and related signaling pathways of San Huang Decoction against breast cancer were explored.MethodsThe active ingredients of San Huang Decoction were screened in Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). All targets of San Huang Decoction and breast cancer were obtained through five databases, and R software was used to obtain their common targets. Then, Cytoscape software was used to construct the active ingredient-target network map. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was obtained with the help of the STRING database, and key targets were screened out through network topology analysis. Common targets were subjected to gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis using R software.ResultsA total of 39 active ingredients were screened from San Huang Decoction, of which 20 belonged to Huangqi, 16 belonged to Dahuang, and 3 belonged to Jianghuang. After taking the intersection of all the targets of San Huang Decoction and breast cancer, a total of 185 potential targets of San Huang Decoction against breast cancer were obtained. PPI network analysis screened out 16 targets that may be the key targets of San Huang Decoction against breast cancer. The enrichment analysis of GO and KEGG suggested that the common targets were involved in various biological processes and functions through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and HIF-1 signaling pathway, including oxidation stress, transcription-related functions, and nuclear receptor functions.ConclusionThis study predicted the potential targets and signaling pathways of San Huang Decoction against breast cancer, and provided scientific guidance for the further study on the anti-breast cancer mechanism of San Huang Decoction.
CRISPR-Cas9/Cas12a Systems for efficient genome editing and large genomic fragment deletions inAspergillus niger
Authors: Yuan Guoliang , Deng Shuang , Czajka Jeffrey J. , Dai Ziyu , Hofstad Beth A. , Kim Joonhoon , Pomraning Kyle R. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractCRISPR technology has revolutionized fungal genetic engineering by accelerating the pace and expanding the feasible scope of experiments in this field. Among various CRISPR-Cas systems, Cas9 and Cas12a are widely used in genetic and metabolic engineering. In filamentous fungi, both Cas9 and Cas12a have been utilized as CRISPR nucleases. In this work we first compared efficacies and types of genetic edits for CRISPR-Cas9 and -Cas12a systems at the polyketide synthase (albA) gene locus inAspergillus niger. By employing a tRNA-based gRNA polycistronic cassette, both Cas9 and Cas12a have demonstrated remarkable editing efficacy. Cas12a demonstrated superiority over Cas9 protein when one gRNA was used for targeting, achieving an editing efficiency of 89.5% compared to 15% for Cas9. Moreover, when employing two gRNAs for targeting, both systems achieved up to 100% editing efficiency for single gene editing. In addition, the CRISPR-Cas9 system has been reported to induce large genomic deletions in various species. However, its use for engineering large chromosomal segments deletions in filamentous fungi still requires optimization. Here, we engineered Cas9 and - Cas12a-induced large genomic fragment deletions by targeting various genomic regions ofA.nigerranging from 3.5 kb to 40 kb. Our findings demonstrate that targeted engineering of large chromosomal segments can be achieved, with deletions of up to 66.7% efficiency. Furthermore, by targeting a secondary metabolite gene cluster, we show that fragments over 100 kb can be efficiently and specifically deleted using the CRISPR-Cas9 or -Cas12a system. Overall, in this paper, we present an efficient multi-gRNA genome editing system utilizing Cas9 or Cas12a that enables highly efficient targeted editing of genes and large chromosomal regions inA.niger.
Effect of Over-expression of GRXs on Thermo and Acetic Acid Stress Tolerance ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wang Lin , Zhang Li-shuang , Zhang Mei-ling , He Ya-xin , Yu Yuan , Xu Ke 
Published: June 2024

AbstractEthanol production from renewable cellulosic materials is a globally significant research area. However, the high temperatures and acetic acid generated during cellulose pretreatment can inhibitSaccharomyces cerevisiaegrowth, reducing ethanol yields. This study investigates the impact of glutaredoxin family genes (GRXs) over-expression onS. cerevisiaecell growth and fermentation performance under thermal and acetic acid stress. Engineered strains overexpressingGRX1, GRX2, andGRX5demonstrated enhanced growth at 42°C, while those overexpressingGRX1, GRX2, GRX6, andGRX7showed improved growth at 1 g/L acetic acid. These results suggest that GRX over-expression can remediateS. cerevisiae, potentially accelerating advancements in green biomanufacturing.
Evidence-based Practice in Medical Education: Team-based Learning in a Blended Curriculum
Authors: Smith Natalie 
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThis article explores the redesign of a Physician Associate (PA) program’s didactic coursework from traditional lecture-based methods to a student-centered blended learning platform incorporating Team-Based Learning (TBL). The initiative, supported by a course innovation grant, aimed to address the limitations of passive learning by integrating active learning experiences that enhance student engagement and comprehension. The redesigned Diagnostic Methods I course leverages blended learning to combine online materials with face-to-face interactions, fostering critical thinking and practical application of knowledge. TBL, a structured approach to collaborative learning, facilitates deeper understanding through readiness assurance tests and team-based problem-solving. Early findings indicate improved student outcomes and positive perceptions of the blended TBL approach, suggesting its potential as a valuable educational strategy in PA programs. The article provides practical insights and lessons learned for educators seeking to implement TBL and blended learning in similar educational settings.
Autophagy controls differentiation ofDrosophilablood cells by regulating Notch levels in response to nutrient availability
Authors: Katz Maximiliano J. , Rodríguez Felipe , Evangelisti Fermín , Perez-Pandolfo Sebastián , Sommario Natalia , Borrat Agustina , Melani Mariana , Wappner Pablo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractDrosophilalarval hematopoiesis takes place at the lymph gland, where blood cell progenitors differentiate into two possible cell types: plasmatocytes, analogous to mammalian macrophages, or crystal cells that share features with mammalian megakaryocytes; a third cell type, the lamellocytes, can develop only upon specific immune challenges. In this work, we investigate the role of autophagy inDrosophilahematopoiesis. We found that autophagy inhibition in blood cell progenitors results in augmented crystal cell differentiation due to accumulation of high levels of Notch protein. Notch activation during hematopoiesis depends on the endocytic pathway, which cross-talks with autophagy: While endocytosis and endosomal maturation are essential for Notch activation, autophagosomes are required for Notch lysosomal degradation. TOR signaling inhibits autophagosome biogenesis, which in turn prevents the formation of Notch-containing amphisomes, being the latter necessary for Notch lysosomal destruction. Reduction of Notch lysosomal degradation shifts the balance towards Notch activation at late endosomal membranes, thereby enhancing differentiation of crystal cells. Our work defines a novel mechanism of regulation of immune cell differentiation in response to the nutritional status of the organism: High nutrient availability induces TOR activation, thereby inhibiting autophagy, hindering lysosomal degradation of Notch, and promoting crystal cell differentiation.