bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal dynamics of Puumala hantavirus associated with its rodent host, Myodes glareolus
Authors: Weber de Melo Vanessa , Sheikh Ali Hanan , Freise Jona , Kühnert Denise , Essbauer Sandra , Mertens Marc , Wanka Konrad M. , Drewes Stephan , Ulrich Rainer G. , Heckel Gerald 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMany viruses significantly impact human and animal health. Understanding the population dynamics of these viruses and their hosts can provide important insights for epidemiology and virus evolution. Puumala virus (PUUV) is a European hantavirus that may cause regional outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans. Here, we analyzed the spatiotemporal dynamics of PUUV circulating in local populations of its rodent reservoir host, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) during eight years. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of all three genome segments of PUUV showed strong geographical structuring at a very local scale. There was a high temporal turnover of virus strains in the local bank vole populations, but several virus strains persisted through multiple years. Phylodynamic analyses showed no significant changes in the local effective population sizes of PUUV, although vole numbers and virus prevalence fluctuated widely. Microsatellite data demonstrated also a temporally persisting subdivision between local vole populations, but these groups did not correspond to the subdivision in the virus strains. We conclude that restricted transmission between vole populations and genetic drift play important roles in shaping the genetic structure and temporal dynamics of PUUV in its natural host which has several implications for zoonotic risks of the human population.
Patient preference for integrating homeopathy (PPIH) and attitude and satisfaction following integration within mainstream healthcare settings in West Bengal, India: the part 2 (PPIH‐2) study
Authors: Saha Subhranil , Koley Munmun , Arya Jogendra S , Choubey Gurudev , Upadhyaya Shailaja , Rasaily Bhupendra N , Datta Somnath , Roy Aparna , Mukherjee Sudeshna , Mundle Malay 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundIn India, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies, namely ayurveda, yoga, unani, siddha, homeopathy and amchi/sowa‐rigpa/Tibetan medicine (AYUSH), are being integrated into mainstream health care; however, public opinion on this integrated model has not been evaluated.ObjectivesTo evaluate patients' satisfaction following integration of homeopathy into mainstream health care, attitudes towards integrated services and satisfaction following consultation with homeopaths.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was undertaken in November 2014 involving 456 patients visiting five integrated homeopathy clinics across four northern districts in West Bengal, India. A 14‐item self‐administered questionnaire, comprising four‐point Likert scale response sets (i.e. 1 = strongly disagree to 4 = strongly agree) and written in local vernacular Bengali, was used to address the above objective.ResultsOf the patients surveyed, 98.8% were satisfied with the integrated services and disclosed a high level of satisfaction (86.3% of maximum score) following consultation with homeopaths. Although the patients preferred that allopaths to have knowledge of homeopathy, they did not prefer them to prescribe homeopathic medicines. In‐house referrals were found to be compromised. Higher educational status and referrals seemed to influence satisfaction and attitude scores significantly (P<0.05), while satisfaction scores following consultation remained uninfluenced by suspected variables.ConclusionWhen formulating strategies for integrated CAM models in India, patient preferences should be evaluated with reasonable importance.
Time‐lag effects of global vegetation responses to climate change
Authors: Wu Donghai , Zhao Xiang , Liang Shunlin , Zhou Tao , Huang Kaicheng , Tang Bijian , Zhao Wenqian 
Published: April 2015

AbstractClimate conditions significantly affect vegetation growth in terrestrial ecosystems. Due to the spatial heterogeneity of ecosystems, the vegetation responses to climate vary considerably with the diverse spatial patterns and the time‐lag effects, which are the most important mechanism of climate–vegetation interactive effects. Extensive studies focused on large‐scale vegetation–climate interactions use the simultaneous meteorological and vegetation indicators to develop models; however, the time‐lag effects are less considered, which tends to increase uncertainty. In this study, we aim to quantitatively determine the time‐lag effects of global vegetation responses to different climatic factors using the GIMMS3g NDVI time series and the CRU temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation datasets. First, this study analyzed the time‐lag effects of global vegetation responses to different climatic factors. Then, a multiple linear regression model and partial correlation model were established to statistically analyze the roles of different climatic factors on vegetation responses, from which the primary climate‐driving factors for different vegetation types were determined. The results showed that (i) both the time‐lag effects of the vegetation responses and the major climate‐driving factors that significantly affect vegetation growth varied significantly at the global scale, which was related to the diverse vegetation and climate characteristics; (ii) regarding the time‐lag effects, the climatic factors explained 64% variation of the global vegetation growth, which was 11% relatively higher than the model ignoring the time‐lag effects; (iii) for the area with a significant change trend (for the period 1982–2008) in the global GIMMS3g NDVI (P < 0.05), the primary driving factor was temperature; and (iv) at the regional scale, the variation in vegetation growth was also related to human activities and natural disturbances. Considering the time‐lag effects is quite important for better predicting and evaluating the vegetation dynamics under the background of global climate change.
Simultaneous determination of arbutin and its decomposed product hydroquinone in whitening creams using high‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection: Effect of temperature and pH on decomposition
Authors: Jeon J. S. , Kim B. H. , Lee S. H. , Kwon H. J. , Bae H. J. , Kim S. K. , Park J. A , Shim J. H. , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Shin H. C. 
Published: April 2015

SynopsisObjectiveArbutin is an effective agent for the treatment of melanin disorders. Arbutin may be converted to hydroquinone under conditions of high temperature, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and dilute acid. The aim of the current study was to develop an analytical method to determine the levels of arbutin and hydroquinone in whitening cosmetic products using high‐performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC‐DAD). In addition, we investigated the effects of high temperature and pH on the decomposition of arbutin.MethodsSamples extracted using two‐step sonications were separated on a C18 column using a gradient mobile phase consisting of water and methanol. A 60‐mm (40 μL) DAD cell was used to enhance the sensitivity of hydroquinone determination. Thermal decomposition of arbutin was evaluated at temperatures ranging from 60 to 120°C for 1–36 h.ResultsThe method showed good linearity (R2 ≥ 0.9997), precision (relative standard deviation, RSD < 5%) and acceptable extraction recovery (90–102.6%). The limits of quantitation for arbutin and hydroquinone were 0.0085 and 0.0119 μg mL−1, respectively. One sample of 21 cosmetic products tested contained arbutin at a concentration 1.61 g 100 g−1 cream and 0.12 g 100 g−1 cream of hydroquinone. Arbutin (327.18 ppm) decomposed after 6 h at 120°C and produced 10.73 ppm of hydroquinone.ConclusionThe developed method is simple to detect both arbutin and hydroquinone simultaneously in cosmetic products, at an adequate level of sensitivity. Notably, temperature and pH did not influence the decomposition of arbutin to hydroquinone in a 2% arbutin cream.
Phytochemical composition and bioactivities of lupin: a review
Authors: Khan Muhammad K. , Karnpanit Weeraya , Nasar‐Abbas Syed M. , Huma Zill‐e‐ , Jayasena Vijay 
Published: April 2015

SummaryLupin is a nonstarchy grain legume with high protein, dietary fibre and low fat contents. The industrial shift of lupin seed utilisation from feed to food has recently increased the scientific interest to explore its phytochemical composition and biological activities. Lupin seeds contain significant amounts of polyphenols, carotenoids, phytosterols, tocopherols, alkaloids and peptides with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic and anti‐inflammatory activities. Among polyphenols, genistein and their derivatives (isoflavones) are of great importance because of their phytoestrogenic potential. This comprehensive review will help out the readers in understanding the phytochemicals present in lupin and their benefits.
A randomised clinical trial on the use of intermediate bonding on the retention of fissure sealants in children
Authors: McCafferty Jennifer , O'Connell Anne C. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo assess whether an adhesive bonding agent increases the retention of resin fissure sealants on first permanent molars (FPMs) and to determine any difference in sealant retention on occlusal, buccal, or palatal surfaces. The effect of the child's behaviour on the retention of the sealants was also assessed.MethodsOne hundred and twelve children were recruited (age range 5–15 years). One operator placed sealants (Helioseal, Ivoclar Vivadent) on 390 FPMs using a split‐mouth design. The study group, (n = 195), had an ethanol‐based adhesive bond (ExciTEF, Ivoclar Vivadent) placed prior to sealant application, and no bond was used in the control group (n = 195). The sealants were reviewed after 12 months and analysed using Fisher's exact test.ResultsThe addition of a bonding agent significantly increased sealant retention (P = 0.0005). Retention of bonded sealants on occlusal surfaces was higher (98%) than non‐bonded sealants (93%) (P = 0.08). Bonded sealants placed on buccal/palatal surfaces were retained (92%) more successfully than non‐bonded sealants (82%) (P = 0.0005). The behaviour of the patient significantly affected the retention of fissure sealants (P = 0.0001).ConclusionsThe addition of an ethanol‐based bonding agent significantly increased the retention of sealants at 12 months particularly on palatal fissures of maxillary first permanent molar teeth.
ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS STRAINS DERIVED FROM FURUNCLE AND BULLOUS IMPETIGO
Authors: Dekio Satoshi , Hirata Tetsuo , Jidoi Joji , Ozasa Shozaburo , Ohno Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTSusceptibilities of Staphylococcus aureus strains derived from furuncle and bullous impetigo to Ampicillin, Cephalexin, Erythromycin, Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol were studied by examining their minimum inhibitory concentrations. Susceptibilities to every antibiotic studied were lower among the furuncle group than bullous impetigo group. This result is considered to be due to differences in the types of strains causing the two pyodermas. It was also indicated in this study that the susceptibilities to the antibiotics (Ampicillin, Cephalexin, Erythromycin and Tetracycline) which have been used in greater amounts were higher than that to the antibiotic (Chloramphenicol) which has been used in lesser ones.
SKIN ELASTICITY IN LOCALIZED SCLERODERMA (MORPHOEA)
Authors: Serup JØrgen , Northeved Allan 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA method for measuring skin elasticity in vivo based on repeated applications of suction to a circular skin area with a diameter of 10 mm and measurement of tensile distensibility (TD), hysteresis (H), and resilient distension (RD) by the principle of electrical capacitance calibrated to elevation of the skin surface in mm is introduced. Measurements in 14 patients of 51 lesions of localized scleroderma (morphoea) and regional controls revealed a characteristic rheological pattern in the sclerotic state representing structural alterations with reduced TD and H; H became temporarily increased during remission. Measurements in control regions showed significant correlations between TD and H (r=0.382), and between H and RD (r=0.420). Regional differences between extremities, abdomen, and back were significant and “inversely” correlated to skin thickness as measured by ultrasound (r=0.451). The method was highly reproducible according to studies on silicone rubber membrane (SD of TD different sites, 0.023 mm; SD of H, 0.010 mm; SD of TD same sites repeated, 0.010 mm). The biological, day‐to‐day variation in different regions of a healthy individual was considerably higher (SD of TD, 0.048–0.087 mm), in particular with respect to H (SD, 0.122–0.277 mm). TD was very variable. Experiments on abdominal skin showed that previous mechanical stress resulted in a characteristic pattern with an increase in TD and a decrease in H. Acute edema (histamine weal) resulted in a characteristic pattern with increased TD and H. Both experiments illustrated functional aspects of skin rheology overlying the structure and explaining part of the biological variation.
A CASE OF GRANULOMA ANNULARE AND SARCOIDOSIS
Authors: Kato Hideyuki , Fujieda Yoshihiko , Kitajima Yasuo , Yaoita Hideo 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTGranuloma annulare (GA) and sarcoidosis are two diseases of unknown causes with epithelioid cell granuloma formation. In this paper, we discuss a patient with manifestations of GA and both systemic and cutaneous sarcoidosis. We examined serum MIF and serum MAF to study the relationship between GA and sarcoidosis. Only the serum from a patient in the active stage of sarcoidosis had significant MIF activity. Additional significant MAF activity was found in the active stages of sarcoidosis and GA, especially the stage of developing GA. It may be characteristic that GA has a high potential MAF activity.
CUTANEOUS CRYPTOCOCCOSIS
Authors: Chiang Yuh‐Chiau , Chuan Ming‐Tuo , Chang Chun‐Hsiang , Yeh Hsu‐Po , Lü Yau‐Chin 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA 45‐year‐old female patient developed 10 verrucous lesions on the face, neck, back and forearms. Diplopia and occasional headaches occurred at the same time. Examination of the skin lesions by histopathology, direct immunofluorescent study and tissue culture showed cutaneous Cryptococcosis. Meningeal cryptococcosis was also found. Complete cure was effected by a two‐month‐course of Amphotericin B and 5‐fluorocytosine as combined therapy.
AN UNUSUAL ASSOCIATION OF ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS AND CROUZON'S DISEASE—
Authors: Reddy B.S.N. , Garg B.R. , Padiyar N.V. , Krishnaram A.S. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA sporadic case of Crouzon's disease associated with benign acanthosis nigricans in a 14 year‐old‐boy is described as an interesting dermatologic rarity. To our knowledge this is the first documented case in the literature to describe such an association. The concurrence of both these disorders is explained by their common genetic background.
CHARACTERIZATION OF CULTURED DERMAL FIBROBLASTS AND ISOLATION OF GLY‐COSAMINOGLYCANS FROM THE MEDIUM OF CELLS OF PATIENTS WITH WERNER'S SYNDROME
Authors: Maekawa Yoshihiro , Kudo Shoichiro , Hayashibara Toshio 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTDermal fibroblasts of Werner's syndrome were cultured and examined for life span, population doubling time, and isolation of glycosaminoglycans synthesized by cultured fibroblasts. The life span of Werner's fibroblasts did not exceed that of normal subjects and the population doubling time of Werner's fibroblasts was essentially the same as that of fibroblasts from an older age group. Much hyaluronic acid could be isolated from the medium of cultured Werner's fibroblasts. The synthesis of glycosaminoglycans per cell per hour was quantitatively the same for the healthy controls and Werner's fibroblasts.
EFFECT OF CEPHARANTHINE ON CELL‐TYPE CONVERSION IN B16 MOUSE MELANOMA CELLS
Authors: Takeuchi Takuji , Sato Seiji 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTCells of B16‐conv line isolated from a cultured B16 mouse melanoma cell strain are spindle‐shaped cells (S type) with tyrosinase activity under usual culture conditions. When the cells were seeded for colony formation on plastic substratum in Eagle's MEM containing cepharanthine (0.8–1.0 µM), cell‐type conversion occurred from the spindle‐shaped to DOPA‐negative fibroblast‐like cell (F type) with a significant frequency.
A STUDY OF EXPERIMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS ON MOUSE DORSAL SKIN USING
Authors: Noguchi Nobuko 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe present research was designed to examine the effects of ultraviolet (UV), PUVA, and retinoid on experimental carcinogenesis and to observe the behavior of sulphydryl groups during the process of carcinogenesis.Male, four week old, ddy‐strain mice had one of the following treatments applied to their dorsal skin: twice weekly applications of 3‐methylcholanthrene (MC), a carcinogenic initiator; a single application of MC followed by twice‐weekly applications of 12‐o‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate, a carcinogenic promoter; or treatment with or without a single application of MC followed by twice‐weekly treatment with UV, PUVA, retinoid, or retinoid plus UV. The oncogenic and carcinogenic development was studied macroscopically, histologically and histochemically.UV obviously promoted carcinogenesis, whereas retinoid on its own did not. During MC plus UV carcinogenesis, the action of retinoid differed depending on its type. There was no influence exerted by 0.01% all‐trans retinoid. On the other hand, 0.01% 13‐cis retinoid was able to moderately inhibit cancer development (p<0.01). PUVA produced papillomas accompanied by marked dysplasia by the 28th week; however, no carcinogenesis was observed during the observation period.As a result of the histochemical time‐course observations of the cancerization process through application of DACM staining, abnormal, strongly fluorescent granules abundant in the—SH group and the S—S bond were observed in the period before any evolution to cancer cells could be seen light‐microscopically. These characteristic granules are suspected to be products resulting from cancerous changes, and therefore it is suggested that DACM staining may be a suitable marker for carcinogenesis.
FACTORS INFLUENCING CONJUGATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS WITH THE ɛ‐AMINO GROUP
Authors: Takeuchi Yoshio 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTFactors influencing the conjugation potency of eugenol (E), isoeugenol (IE), methyl isoeugenol (MIE), and acetyl isoeugenol (AIE) with [l‐14C]ɛ‐aminocaproic acid are investigated. The conjugation reaction for IE is accelerated in the presence of H2O2‐peroxidase and inhibited under anaerobic conditions by nitrogen gas flow. An oxidation reaction is found to be necessary for the conjugation of IE with ɛ‐aminocaproic acid. Immediately after mixing the phenolic compounds with [1‐14C]ɛ‐aminocaproic acid and H2O2‐peroxidase, the main conjugates are 7.7% for IE, 2.1% for E, 0.7% for AIE, and 0.2% for MIE. IE, which is a potent sensitizer in vivo, produces the greatest amount of conjugates while MIE, which is negative in vivo, produces almost no conjugates. AIE and E, both mild sensitizers in vivo, produce less conjugates than IE.
FUCOSIDOSIS TYPE 3 WITH ANGIOKERATOMA CORPORIS DIFFUSUM
Authors: Honjoh Michio , Yamaguchi Shuichi , Kohda Naoya , Mori Yoshiomi , Nishimura Hiroshi 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTDisseminated angiokeratoma were seen in a 14‐year‐old Japanese boy with an inherited deficiency for alpha‐L‐fucosidase. He had gargoylian features, psychomotor retardation, small stature, vertebral changes, pale nail beds, recurrent infections and hypohidrosis in addition to angiokeratoma.In the areas of angiokeratoma, we found thin‐walled dilated capillaries in the upper dermis. Several nondistended small blood vessels and eccrine sweat glands of secretory coils and ducts appeared narrowed by swollen epithelial cells with a finely vacuolated cytoplasm. In the pale nail bed, we found thickened dermis without an increased number of blood vessels.Electron microscopic studies showed endothelial cells of dermal capillaries and eccrine sweat gland epithelium were extensively enlarged: their cytoplasm was occupied by numerous electronlucent, membrane‐limited vacuoles containing scant, finely granular or electronlucent material. In the myoepithelial cells of sweat gland and in the cytoplasm of Schwann cells, lamellar membrane‐bound inclusions were seen.
EPIDERMODYSPLASIA VERRUCIFORMIS
Authors: Yambe Hideko , Oikawa Osamu , Jimbow Kowichi 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA case of epidermodysplasia verruciformis in which most of the skin lesions gradually decreased during OK 432 therapy is reported.In correspondence with clinical improvement after this therapy, the T‐cell subpopulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes, which had decreased before OK 432 treatment, returned to the normal range, and the in vitro lymphocyte response to PHA also increased. The clinical regression of skin lesions appeared to be related to the recovery of general cell‐mediated immunity after OK 432 treatment.
CORRELATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL, BACTERIOLOGICAL, HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL FEATURE OF LEPROSY
Authors: Sehgal Virender Nath , Koranne Ravindra Vishnu , Sehgal Sunil , Beoher Prakash Chand , Sharma Viray Kumar 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTFifty untreated and uncomplicated leprosy patients comprising three with TT, twenty‐six with BT, ten with BB, four with BL and seven with LL formed the subject material for the study. They were subjected to detailed morphological, bacteriological, histopathological and immunological investigations. Four investigators undertook the study and each one independently investigated one parameter according to a pre‐conceived standard set. The data were pooled and analysed after breaking the code. A good correlation amongst all four parameters was seen only in 44%. A striking variation in three other parameters was found in 56%, primarily in the borderline groups suggesting subclinical bacteriological, histopathological and immunological instability, either in the form of upgrading or downgrading. Similarly, the separation of five indeterminate cases from those of BT group was intriguing.
TOPICAL APPLICATION OF 3‐CARBETHOXYPSORALEN PLUS UVA IN THE TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS
Authors: Kimura Shigeru , Mizuno Nobuyuki , Hirano Shigeru , Yoshikawa Kunihiko 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTTen psoriatic patients were treated with topically‐applied 3‐carbethoxypsoralen (3CPs) plus UVA‐light (3CPs PUVA). Of the ten patients, five underwent this treatment more than 20 times. Psoriasis was resolved in only two of the five cases, but the effectiveness of 3CPs PUVA was not confirmed, because control sites without treatment showed similar degrees of resolution. In the other three patients, no beneficial effects were observed. One patient dropped out. The remaining four patients discontinued treatment because of severe dermatitis after five to 19 exposures to 3CPs PUVA. Three of the four were proven to be allergic to 3CPs (one, contact and photocontact, and two, photocontact allergy). Surprisingly, the psoriatic lesions in these four patients resolved spontaneously as their dermatitis faded away. UVA induced tight binding of 3CPs with human serum albumin in vitro, indicating that 3CPs can be a potent hapten for photoallergy.