bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standards And Guidelines For The Use Of Satellite-Based Ice Information In The Oil &Gas Sector
Authors: Power Desmond , Partington Kim , Spring Walt , Dittman Christoph 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The oil and gas industry is increasingly focusing its interests andactivities on areas that are prone to ice cover, in the form of sea ice andicebergs. The authors have noticed two significant trends with respect to theice charting to support operations in oil and gas operations:At present, companies who require ice information are developing their owninternal practices based on different experiences.No industry-wide standards exist for ice charting in this sector.
As a consequence, the authors have embarked on a project to address thisdeficiency by identifying minimum standards and best practices for theprovision of ice information derived from satellites for companies operating inthe polar and sub-polar regions. The development of a guideline governing icecharts is the primary focus of this project. The project has identifiedrequirements through the oil and gas project lifecycle, has matched these todifferent regions and has categorised satellite-derived ice information byservices and products. The project has reviewed current practices and willestablish a guideline with input and validation from the industry, taking intoaccount current constraints and future opportunities. Ice charting guidelineswill provide clear options to industry. Companies will be able to buildprocesses and systems around guidelines and can be assured that compliantservice providers will be compatible with their systems. Guidelines will alsoincrease access of the market to service providers, leading to increasedcompetition and lower costs. Ultimately, the knowledge of ice chartingcapabilities will be well documented so that they are not lost with staffattrition. This paper presents an overview of the ice charting guidelinesproject and its objectives, schedule, status and deliverables. This project isbeing coordinated through the Oil and Gas Earth Observation Group (OGEO) of theInternational Association of Oil and Gas producers (OGP) with initial seedfunding from the European Space Agency and Shell E&P International.
Index Terms—ice charting, ice information, sea ice, icebergs, guideline

Introduction
The oil and gas industry are increasingly focusing their interests andactivities on areas that are prone to ice cover, in the form of sea ice andicebergs. At present, the approach being taken by companies who require iceinformation is to develop their own internal practices based on differentexperiences. No industry-wide standards exist. In this project, we aim toaddress this deficiency, by identifing minimum standards and best practices forthe provision of ice information derived from satellites for companiesoperating in the polar and sub-polar regions
Ice Worthy Jack UP Assisted Conical Piled Monopod Concept for Offshore Arctic Field Development
Authors: Aurora Ravi P. , Williams Alan , Argiolas Ricardo 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
This paper describes the results of the feasibility study of an arcticoffshore platform concept sponsored by ConocoPhillips. This concept consists ofa Conical Piled Monopod (CPM) platform, shown in Figure 1, assisted by an IceWorthy Jack-up rig, Gemini, to drill development wells in Multi Year iceconditions as illustrated in Figures 2 and 3. The Gemini design is beingjointly developed by ConocoPhillips and Keppel Offshore and Marine TechnologyCentre Pte Ltd based in Houston. Gemini is equipped with two drill rigsthat can simultaneously or individually cantilever above the well slots locatedon the deck of the CPM. The key benefit of Gemini lies in extending thedrilling season from a few months during ice free season to several monthsbeyond the ice free period.
The study was carried out at Granherne Limited under ConocoPhillips'supervision between March 2010 and February 2011. A topsides operatingload of 5,000 tonnes was assumed, instead of 70,000 tonnes (or more)corresponding to a two drill rig stand alone drilling and production CPM. Thefeasibility of a stand alone drilling and production CPM was presented inanother paper at Icetech12 in September 2012.
The study concludes that a Gemini assisted CPM is feasible for iceconditions in the Canadian Beaufort Sea. The ice loads were calculated, in consultation with Ken Croasdale, a well known specialist in this discipline. Ice conditions assumed in this study were in accordance with ISO-19906, namely,12m thick level ice and a very rare 25m thick ice island event. No icemanagement was assumed. A Gemini assisted CPM offers a much lighter platformcompared to a standalone CPM or Gravity Based Structure.
ConocoPhillips has a patent pending on the CPM. ConocoPhillips andKeppel Offshore have patent(s) pending on the Ice Worthy Jack Up drilling rig, Gemini.
Recognition and Management of the Distinctions of Harsh Environment FPSO Project Design and Management
Authors: Larson Andrew , Leitko Scott 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The extreme conditions and harsh environment for which FPSO's andhydrocarbon gathering facilities are being considered introduces distinctchallenges to effective and efficient project management and execution. The presentation is based on the experiences gathered during the design phasesof two contemporary harsh environment FPSO's and the associated subsea, flowline, pipeline and riser systems (Chevron Rosebank and GAZPROMShtokman). This presentation will focus on the adjustments that must beconsidered to " standard" project execution and management in order toincorporate the elemental distinctions without sacrificing efficiency, logicalsequencing, safety or project schedule. Specifically, the presentationwill focus on the following:Incorporation of severe environment conditions into element design and theassociated effects on project execution planning and sequencing,Recognizing operational adjustments and the influence on design sequenceand basis,Incorporation of weatherization techniques and the effects on layout anddesign sequence, safety (hazards and benefit opportunities),Understanding the distinctive impacts to interface definition and designmanagement, and,Understanding the impacts of narrow weather windows with regard toinstallation, operation and maintenance on design, execution and contractingstrategies.
The paper is intended to inform the audience as to the distinctivecharacteristics of harsh environment design management contrasted with the morefamiliar benign environment design projects.
Near-Real-Time Tracking and Integrated Forecasting of Arctic Ice Floes
Authors: Anno P. , Soofi K. , Cobb B. , Santosuosso J. , Yetsko C. , Glover D. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Hydrocarbon exploration in the Arctic environment will very much depend onour ability to continuously track ice floes and forecast ice events that maygenerate dangerous loads on exploration and production infrastructure. Wepresent a first-of-its-kind computational framework which is centered aroundnear-real-time satellite imagery and incorporates real-time metocean data, providing automated analysis of such hazards in regions where moving ice ispresent. Our automated framework carries out several ongoing operations: icedetection and classification from satellite images, floe tracking from oneimage to the next, forecasting of floe trajectories beyond the observed tracks, and estimation of an uncertainty cone around the trajectory forecast. Weutilized the IBM InfoSphere™ Streams real-time analytics platform to deploy oursoftware, which made it possible for us to concentrate exclusively onprototyping algorithms, taking for granted the streaming infrastructure neededfor real-time data ingestion and flow between operators. Given our experiencedeveloping this prototype we conclude that a production-worthy, automatedtracking and forecasting capability is computationally feasible and within ourreach.

Introduction
Exploration in the Arctic will lean heavily on our ability to continuouslytrack ice floes and to forecast ice events that may generate dangerous loads ondrilling and production infrastructure. The engineering challengesnotwithstanding of deploying data acquisition systems in the Arctic, in thisproject we investigated analytical problems that surround continuous trackingand forecasting of ice floe trajectories. Here we introduce a first-of-its-kindcomputational prototype for real-time analysis of ice floes and icebergs. Ourprototype centers around our proven ability to acquire near-real-time satellite(Synthetic Aperture Radar) imagery and to incorporate real-time metocean datastreams, a powerful combination of data for automated analysis and modeling ofhazards in regions that feature moving ice. Key metocean data streams forforecasting ice movement include wind velocity measurements and forecasts, aswell as water current models and velocity measurements. We collected both SARand metocean data over a ConocoPhillips block in the Beaufort Sea (Figure 1)for this investigation. Our near-real-time SAR imagery stream over theblock (Figure 2) provided the primary data for tracking.
HVDC Enables Subsea Active Production Technology
Authors: Voight Richard 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A growing number of projects are employing some form of subsea processing. Integrated system approaches to subsea processing, commonly known as SubseaActive Processing Technologies (SAPT), can require a great deal of power. Subsea boosting and/or separation pumps can easily reach 3 MW each; withmultiple pump installations quickly adding up to a substantial demand on a hostfacility. When the power transmission distances approach 100 km or more, ACpower distribution becomes less and less practical. For this reason, powerindustry leaders envision the future installation of offshore electricalutility infrastructures based on High Voltage DC (HVDC) TransmissionTechnology, just as they are presently employed for land based utilities. Taking advantage of these large HVDC offshore power grids for small, isolatedsubsea installations requiring only moderate power levels calls for adaptingHVDC technology to a scale sized to the power requirements of theseinstallations. The HVDC Power Buoy concept, proposed for isolated SAPTinstallations requiring subsea power in the range of 10 to 20 MW, is one suchadaptation. This paper will present the HVDC Power Buoy concept and its keycomponents; the benefits and drivers for its development; the perceivedqualification challenges as well as the target applications for thetechnology.

Introduction
To introduce the HVDC Power Buoy concept, a subsea completion, with subseaprocessing included, with a tieback distance of 150 km and a total subsea powerrequirement of 15MVA @ 0.7 PF (10.5 MW) is used as a demonstrative test case. First, the case of providing AC power to the subsea completion is considered toillustrate the issues associated with AC power transmission. Then, as analternative, an HVDC Power Buoy with a HVDC power transmission link ispresented to show the advantages of this approach. Since the HVDC PowerBuoy is a new concept, the technical gaps are then identified with suggestedpaths forward to mitigate said gaps. By enabling the use of HVDC powertransmission, the HVDC Power Buoy concept is expected to make Subsea ActiveProcessing Technology practical for many isolated and otherwise stranded subseafields.
Effective Stakeholder Identification across Arctic Alaska
Authors: Dunham W. Jon 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Stakeholder engagement is a key component of the development of projects inArctic Alaska. Identification of key stakeholders is critical to ensurethe public engagement is effective and will aid in:Collection of Traditional Knowledge used to shape the approach todevelopment;Addressing regulatory issues with local cultural, wildlife, and marinemammal commissions as well as planning boards;Developing a plan that incorporates participation in the project successthrough local employment and giving to the affected communities; andBalancing the local benefits with the burdens of project development inAlaska.
This paper will be based on a review of projects in Alaska over the last 15years that have received local community acceptance based on effectivelyidentifying key stakeholders.

Application:
Possible applications of this information include methods for developing andcollecting key stakeholder data and ways to implement this data. This mayalso have application to other communities with similar characteristics ofInuit.

Results, Observations, and Conclusions:
Identifying key stakeholders and effectively addressing issues raised bythese key stakeholders can help shape acceptance of a development project inAlaska. With the stakeholder information becoming more wide-ranging andless specific, the importance of finding informed individuals and groups thatauthoritatively speak for an interest group or community can focus thestakeholder data collection effort.
Intra-Articular Psoas Tendon Release Alters Fluid Flow during Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Hanypsiak Bryan T. , Stoll Marc A. , Gerhardt Michael B. , DeLong Jeffrey M. 
Published: December 2012

While not proven definitively, the hypothesis that intra-articular psoas tendon release allows fluid to track into the retroperitoneal space has been widely accepted. This study attempts to identify the path through which fluid enters the pelvis and retroperitoneal space. Six hemi-pelvis human cadaveric specimens were utilized for this study. 3 specimens underwent a capsulotomy and psoas tendon release, while 3 had only a capsulotomy. Arthroscopy fluid was combined with Barium and Methylene blue, and fluid was run at 50 mmHg for 2 hours. A gross dissection was performed at the end of the arthroscopy and the path of fluid flow into the pelvis and throughout the thigh was identified. All 6 specimens showed extravasation of fluid into the pelvis at the 5 minute mark. Specimens with a psoas tendon release showed an altered pattern of fluid flow. In all three of these specimens, the psoas muscle belly was bright blue, along with the remaining tendon. Two of the 3 specimens showed tracking of fluid along the vasculature in both directions. The volume of fluid tracking into the pelvis was increased following a psoas release. Arthroscopy fluid rapidly enters the pelvis following the initiation of hip arthroscopy, regardless of the status of the psoas tendon. Release of the psoas tendon allows fluid to diffuse into the psoas muscle and anterior medial thigh, tracking both proximally and distally along the neurovascular structures, and the volume of fluid tracking into the pelvis is increased following a psoas release.
The use of wild plants as food in pre-industrial Sweden
Authors: Svanberg Ingvar 
Published: December 2012

<p>This paper is a review of the actual gathering and use of wild edible plants in the 18th and 19th centuries, with a brief concluding discussion on the present day use of wild plants as food within Sweden. The peasants and the nomads in pre-industrial Sweden utilised very few wild plant taxa as food. Many even despised the wild fruits and green plants. Some plants and fruits were earlier mostly eaten fresh on the spot, or gathered for consumption in bread, gruel or soup. Other fruits were dried or preserved in other ways. In times of food shortages the amount of wild plants increased in the diet, but still the peasantry and nomads were often able to use fish and game to provide enough nutrients.</p> <p>With access to cheap sugar in the early 20th century wild fruits (<em>Vaccinium myrtillus </em>L., <em>V. vitis-idaea </em>L., and <em>Rubus chamaemorus </em>L.) increased in importance, especially among urban-dwellers and within food industry. In the last few decades fungi have also become part of the urban diet. Fifty years ago working class people gathered only <em>Cantharellus cibarius </em>(Fr.) and occasionally <em>Boletus edulis </em>Bull. Nowadays more taxa are utilised within the Swedish households, and especially the easy to pick <em>Cantharellus tubaeformis </em>(Pers.) has become very popular recently. Harvesting fruits and mushrooms in the forests is a popular pastime for many urban people, but also a source of income for immigrants and especially foreign seasonal labour. The only traditional green wild food plant that is regularly eaten in contemporary Sweden is <em>Urtica dioica </em>L.</p>
Strategic construal of in and out in English particle verbs (PVs)
Authors: Geld Renata , Maldonado Ricardo 
Published: December 2012

Author/s
Renata GeldUniversity of Zagreb, CroatiaRicardo MaldonadoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico

ABSTRACT
The central aim of this work is to describe the strategic construal of in and out in English particle verbs. The term strategic construal assumes the following: 1) exploration of strategic thinking in L2 learning and processing, and 2) exploration of dynamic and subjective construction of meaning pertaining to the human ability to understand and portray the same situation in alternate ways (Langacker 1987). In other words, the paper relies on two theoretical paradigms with self-evident commonalities – a strong link between language and cognition, and the insistence on the individual and subjective nature of meaning construction. The aim was to investigate whether L2 users of English are aware of the symbolic nature of language when dealing with highly schematic linguistic categories. Our hypotheses were that construal of in and out is comparable to their cognitive linguistic description in English as L1 and that it shows a cognitively motivated path from the topological to the aspectual. Both hypotheses have been confirmed.
Macmillan Collocations Dictionary for Learners of English
Authors: Fuertes-Olivera Pedro A. 
Published: December 2012

Reviewed by Pedro A. Fuertes-OliveraUniversidad de Valladolid, Spain

1. INTRODUCTION
The Macmillan Collocations Dictionary for Learners of English (MCD) is a monolingual print dictionary aimed primarily at helping upper-intermediate to advanced students in productive use situations, such as taking English exams (especially the IELTS exams) and working in academic or professional environments. It has over 121,000 collocational phrases, a figure that leads Coffey to claim that the MCD attaches more collocates to each headword than competing dictionaries, for example, the Oxford Collocations Dictionary for Students of English (OCD) (Coffey 2011: 329).
L’influence des circonstances du décès sur l’ajustement au deuil
Authors: Thériault Hélène , Séguin Monique , Drouin Marc-Simon 
Published: December 2012

La littérature scientifique explique que plusieurs variables peuvent influencer l’ajustement au deuil. La nature du décès – plus particulièrement un décès après suicide – a été identifiée comme une des variables pouvant contribuer à rendre le deuil plus complexe. La présente étude a pour but d’évaluer les réactions survenant plusieurs années après un décès par suicide (n = 31) et par maladie (n = 38) ainsi que le lien avec les facteurs contribuant au développement de complications. Les mesures incluaient des questionnaires auto-administrés évaluant les réactions des personnes endeuillées (échelle de dépression, traumatique, de détresse) ainsi que le style d’attachement. Seul le style d’attachement insécure et l’intensité des réactions traumatiques prédisent le développement d’un deuil compliqué, éléments sur lesquels il serait important d’intervenir.
Étude des facteurs d’ajustement au deuil après un suicide et après un décès soudain non intentionnel
Authors: Bournival Chantal , Séguin Monique , Drouin Marc-Simon 
Published: December 2012

La question de savoir si le deuil après suicide est plus difficile qu’une autre forme de deuil est encore débattue dans la littérature contemporaine. Cependant, outre la nature du décès, d’autres variables peuvent expliquer la difficulté du processus d’ajustement au deuil. Parmi ces variables, il y a la satisfaction de couple, la satisfaction de vie et l’attachement. Cette étude a comparé des femmes veuves endeuillées après un suicide (n = 22) et des femmes veuves endeuillées à la suite d’un décès non intentionnel (n = 24). Les résultats indiquent que les femmes endeuillées par le suicide d’un proche, comparativement à celles ayant vécu un autre type de deuil à la suite d’un décès non intentionnel, rapportaient davantage de détresse psychologique et une plus grande insatisfaction face à la vie et au couple. En revanche, la détresse ressentie n’est pas associée à la nature du décès, mais le niveau de satisfaction de vie et de couple serait davantage lié à la difficulté du deuil vécu.
No Phoria
Authors: Pal Virendra K , Agrawal Ajai , Suman Suwarna , Pratap VB 
Published: December 2012

Purpose:
Cover-Uncover test is used to examine for phoria or tropia. It is believed that most eyes are orthophoric or heterophoric, however we believe that there is always tropia, if a proper careful cover test is done.

Design:
Prospective observational study

Methods:
Visibly orthophoric cases without any ocular pathology were included and were examined by correct method of cover test by all authors and collected data were analyzed.

Results:
One thousand cases of 5-20 years age group, with 682 males and 318 females were included in this study. Cover test revealed a small angle deviation in all cases with exotropia commoner than esotropia. Small angle deviations were usually 2-10 prism diopters (PD), and no associated ocular pathology was present in microtropia. No phoria was present in any case.

Conclusion:
All eyes have tropias and no phorias are normally present.
Geriatric Emergency Preparedness and Response Workshops: An Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitudes, Intentions, and Self-Efficacy of Participants
Authors: Roush Robert Ellis , Tyson Sandra Kay 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTObjective: Older persons have levels of frailty and disability that place them at far greater risk of harm in disasters than younger adults, making it crucial for all agency planners, public health workers, and health care providers to be aware of age-appropriate considerations of preparedness and response. This research evaluated the knowledge and utilization intentions of participants of a geriatric emergency preparedness and response (GEPR) continuing education program that was designed to provide this training.Methods: A qualitative training evaluation was conducted using course evaluation questionnaires from GEPR workshops offered in 2009 in 7 nationwide cities through a partnership of the University of Texas Center for Biosecurity and Public Health Preparedness with the Texas Consortium Geriatric Education Center at Baylor College of Medicine, Houston.Results: Evaluations were completed by 292 participants. Respondents were able to name specific information learned, give examples of applications of the material, and devise plans for further action. Participants believed that their ability to do their jobs had increased, and they provided insightful suggestions instructive to both trainers and to leaders of health care organizations.Conclusions: The results of the evaluation suggest that GEPR workshops are effective in increasing the knowledge of participants and their intentions to use it. There is both a need and a demand for this training. Developers and trainers should provide participants with sufficient time for absorbing the information, consider tailoring the training to the local context, and provide opportunity for practical application, particularly planning exercises.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:385-392)