bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Penalty Function Evolution Algorithms for History Matching of Oil and Gas Reservoir Models
Authors: Abdelkhalik Ossama , Daoud Ahmed , Goh Shu Ting 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper presents a novel implementation for evolutionary algorithms in oil and gas reservoirs history matching problems. The reservoir history is divided into time segments. In each time segment, a penalty function is constructed that quantifies the mismatch between the measurements and the simulated measurements, using only the measurements available up to the current time segment. An evolutionary optimization algorithm is used, in each time segment, to search for the optimal reservoir permeability and porosity parameters. The penalty function varies between segments; yet the optimal reservoir characterization is common among all the constructed penalty functions. A population of the reservoir characterizations evolves among subsequent time segments through minimizing different penalty functions. The advantage of this implementation is two fold. First, the computational cost of the history matching process is significantly reduced. Second, problem constraints can be included in the penalty function to produce more realistic solutions. The proposed concept of dynamic penalty function is applicable to any evolutionary algorithm. In this paper, the implementation is carried out using genetic algorithms. Two case studies are presented in this paper: a synthetic case study and the PUNQ-S3 field case study. A computational cost analysis that demonstrates the computational advantage of the proposed method is presented.
HPHT 101 - What Every Engineer or Geoscientist Should Know about High Pressure High Temperature Wells
Authors: Shadravan Arash , Amani Mahmood 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe high-profile blowout at Macondo well in the US Gulf of Mexico, brought the challenges and the risks of drilling into high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) fields increasingly into focus. Technology, HSE, new standards, such as new API procedures, and educating the crew seem to be vital in developing HPHT resources. High-pressure high-temperature fields broadly exist in Gulf of Mexico, North Sea, South East Asia, Africa, China and Middle East. Almost a quarter of HPHT operations worldwide is expected to happen in American continent and the majority of that solely in North America. Oil major companies have identified key challenges in HPHT development and production, and service providers have offered insights regarding current or planned technologies to meet these challenges. Drilling into some shale plays such as Haynesville or deep formations and producing oil and gas at HPHT condition, have been crucially challenging. Therefore, companies are compelled to meet or exceed a vast array of environmental, health and safety standards.This paper, as a simplified summary of the current status of HPHT global market, clarifies the existing technological gaps in the field of HPHT drilling, cementing and completion. It also contains the necessary knowledge that every engineer or geoscientist might need to know about high pressure high temperature wells. This study, not only reviews the reports from the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) and important case studies of HPHT operations around the globe but also compiles the technical solutions to better maneuver in the HPHT market. Finally, the HPHT related priorities of National Energy Technology Laboratories (NETL), operated by the US Department of Energy (DOE), and DeepStar, as a strong mix of large and mid-size operators are investigated.
A New Approach Optimizing Mature Waterfloods with Electrokinetics-Assisted Surfactant Flooding in Abu Dhabi Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Ansari Arsalan , Haroun Mohammed , Sayed Nada Abou , Kindy Nabeela AI , Ali Basma , Shrestha Reena Amatya , Sarma Hemanta 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEOR technologies such as CO2 flooding and chemical floods have been on the forefront of oil and gas R&D for the past 4 decades. While most of them are demonstrating very promising results in both lab scale and field pilots, the thrive for exploring additional EOR technologies while achieving full field application has yet to be achieved. Among the emerging EOR technologies is the surfactant EOR along with the application of electrically enhanced oil recovery (EEOR) which is gaining increased popularity due to a number of reservoir-related advantages such as reduction in fluid viscosity, water-cut and increased reservoir permeability.Experiments were conducted on 1.5" carbonate reservoir cores extracted from Abu Dhabi producing oil fields, which were saturated with medium crude oil in a specially designed EK core flood setup. Electrokinetics (DC voltage of 2V/cm) was applied on these oil saturated cores along with waterflooding simultaneously until the ultimate recovery was reached. In the second stage, the recovery was further enhanced by injecting non-ionic surfactant (APG) along with sequential application of EK. This was compared with simultaneous application of EK-assisted surfactant flooding. A smart Surfactant-EOR process was done in this study that allowed shifting from sequential to simultaneous Surfactant-EOR alongside EEORThe experimental results at ambient conditions show that the application of waterflooding on the carbonate cores yields recovery of approximately 46–72% and an additional 8–14% incremental recovery resulted upon application of EK, which could be promising for water swept reservoirs. However, there was an additional 6–11% recovery enhanced by the application of EK-assisted surfactant flooding. In addition, EK was shown to enhance the carbonate reservoir’s permeability by approximately 11–29%. Furthermore, this process can be engineered to be a greener approach as the water requirement can be reduced upto 20% in the presence of electrokinetics which is also economically feasible.
A New Approach in Modeling of Fracture Ballooning in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Shahri Mojtaba Pordel , Mehrabi Mehran 
Published: December 2012

AbstractFracture ballooning usually occurs in naturally fractured reservoirs and is often mistakenly regarded as an influx of formation fluid, which may lead to misdiagnosed results in costly operations. In order to treat this phenomenon and to distinguish it from conventional losses or kicks, several mechanisms and models have been developed. Among these mechanisms under which borehole ballooning in naturally fractured reservoirs take place, opening/closing of natural fractures plays a dominant role. In this study a mathematical model is developed for mud invasion through an arbitrarily inclined, deformable, rectangular fracture with a limited extension. A governing equation is derived based on equations of change and lubrication approximation theory (Reynolds's Equation). The equation is then solved numerically using finite difference method. Considering an exponential pressure-aperture deformation law and a yield-power-law fluid rheology has made this model more general and much closer to the reality than the previous ones. Describing fluid rheology with yield-power-law model makes the governing equation a versatile model because it includes various types of drilling mud rheology, i.e., Newtonian fluids, Bingham-plastic fluids, power-law, and yield-power-law rheological models. Sensitivity analysis on some parameters related to the physical properties of the fracture shows how fracture extension, aspect ratio and length, and location of wellbore can influence fracture ballooning. The proposed model can also be useful for minimizing the amount of mud loss by understanding the effect of fracture mechanical parameters on the ballooning, and for predicting rate of mud loss at different formation pressures.
Effects of Metformin Versus Glipizide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hong Jie , Zhang Yifei , Lai Shenghan , Lv Ankang , Su Qing , Dong Yan , Zhou Zhiguang , Tang Weili , Zhao Jiajun , Cui Lianqun , Zou Dajin , Wang Dawang , Li Hong , Liu Chao , Wu Guoting , Shen Jie , Zhu Dalong , Wang Weiqing , Shen Weifeng , Ning Guang ,   on behalf of the SPREAD-DIMCAD Investigators
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
The two major classes of antidiabetic drugs, sulfonylureas and metformin, may differentially affect macrovascular complications and mortality in diabetic patients. We compared the long-term effects of glipizide and metformin on the major cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients who had a history of coronary artery disease (CAD).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 304 type 2 diabetic patients with CAD, mean age = 63.3 years (range, 36–80 years), were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either glipizide (30 mg daily) or metformin (1.5 g daily) for 3 years. The primary end points were times to the composite of recurrent cardiovascular events, including death from a cardiovascular cause, death from any cause, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or arterial revascularization.

RESULTS
At the end of study drug administration, both groups achieved a significant decrease in the level of glycated hemoglobin (7.1% in the glipizide group and 7.0% in the metformin group). At a median follow-up of 5.0 years, 91 participants had developed 103 primary end points. Intention-to-treat analysis showed an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 0.54 (95% CI 0.30–0.90; P = 0.026) for the composites of cardiovascular events among the patients that received metformin, compared with glipizide. The secondary end points and adverse events were not significantly different between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS
Treatment with metformin for 3 years substantially reduced major cardiovascular events in a median follow-up of 5.0 years compared with glipizide. Our results indicated a potential benefit of metformin therapy on cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk patients.
Ecological Status of the Herpeto-Mammalian Fauna of the Padma River and its Adjacent Areas, Rajshahi and their Conservation Issues
Authors: Rahman Md Saidur , Sarker Sohrab Uddin , Jaman M Firoj 
Published: December 2012

Status and diversity of animals are the important indicators for a healthy habitat of animals. We conducted a survey on ecology and status of herpeto-mammalian fauna from November 1995 to October 1996 in the Padma river and its adjacent areas, Rajshahi. To achieve the objectives direct field observation and interviewing local people were made by employing standard methods. A total of 50 species of herpeto-mammalian fauna was recorded from the study area. Of these, 5(10%) were amphibians, 20 (40%) reptiles and 25 (50%) mammals. In the amphibians, 3 species were common, rest one species was fairly common and one few. In the reptiles, 5 species were very common, 4 common, 7 fairly common, 3 few and only one species was occasionally found. Of the mammals, 2 species were very common, 5 common, 10 fairly common, 6 few and 2 species were occasional. Among the total species, 3 species of amphibians were vulnerable nationally, 4 species of reptiles were critically endangered, 4 endangered and 4 vulnerable and one species of mammals were critically endangered (Lutra lutra), 6 endangered and 4 species were vulnerable nationally. Group discussion with the local people indicated that species diversity of herpetomammalian fauna has been decreased day by day in the study area. This might be due to the results of highly disturbance by human. Meanwhile, increase of human population, destruction of habitat, expansion of agricultural activities, illegal hunting and trade are the main causes for declining herpeto-mammalian fauna in the study area. The study suggests that creation of public awareness, improvement of ecological condition and implementing a management action plan are necessary to conserve the herpeto-mammalian fauna in the study area DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v40i1.12903 Bangladesh J. Zool. 40(1): 135-145, 2012
Outcome of adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia following induction chemotherapy with modified MRC UKALL XII/ECOG E2993 protocol
Authors: Islam N , Rahman MM , Aziz MA , Begum F , Yunus ABM 
Published: December 2012

Cure rates for adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in developing countries are significantly lower because of problems unique to these countries. Recent studies have reported complete response rates for any induction regimen of more than 90% in adult ALL patients. This study was conducted to evaluate the response rate of induction chemotherapy in adult ALL patients in the Department of Haematology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, from January 2007 to December 2008. In this observational study, 35 newly diagnosed ALL patients classified either as L1/L2 according to French-American-British (FAB) classification, aged between 15 to 60 years were assigned for induction therapy with modified MRC UKALL XII/ECOG E2993 protocol. But ultimately 30 patients completed therapy and available for statistical analysis. Among the studied 30 cases 12(40%) patients after phase 1 and overall 24(80%) patients after phase 2 induction therapy, achieved morphologic complete remission (CR). After phase 2 therapy 6(20%) patients fell in the group of non responders (NR) as the blast percentage was ?5% at the time of bone marrow evaluation. This study shows the response rates in adult ALL with induction therapy slightly below the anticipated response rates of developed countries which may be due to little modification of the original protocol. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i2.12879 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38: 43-46
Pour une psychologie sociale de la communication
Authors: Chabrol Claude 
Published: December 2012

Résumé	La psychologie de la communication est une problématique qui naît dans les années 1990 des travaux des psychologues sociaux et des analystes du discours. Ses analyses et observations montrent que nous sommes avant tout des êtres communicants, agissant et pensant dans un monde de signes, de gestes et d’objets signifiants dont la signification est présumée mais négociable selon les types de contrats de communication en cours dans le contexte de structurations sociales données.	On y souligne la prédominance des structures interactionnistes et interlocutives, comme le primat des multiples stratégies possibles d’actions cognitives et affectives des récepteurs face aux productions discursives et gestuelles ou iconiques des émetteurs.	Cette orientation trouve particulièrement ses applications pour les activités verbocentrées, surtout évoquées ici : réception des médias, prévention sanitaire ou routière, réception de la publicité, protection de l’environnement, gestion des conversations, etc., mais aussi pour celles qui sont praxéo-centrées : organisation du travail sur machines et structurations de la coopération des intervenants, implantations dans l’espace et programmation gestuelle?
Pratiques professionnelles, évaluation et recherche-action
Authors: Boutanquoi Michel 
Published: December 2012

Résumé L’article se propose de souligner l’intérêt du recours à la recherche-action dans le cadre de l’évaluation des pratiques professionnelles. Après avoir précisé le cadre de référence pour penser la recherche-action et l’évaluation, deux recherches sont présentées : l’une porte sur un dispositif de soin pour mineurs auteurs de violences sexuelles, l’autre sur les pratiques d’évaluation des situations en protection de l’enfance. Le propos se concentre sur la construction de la démarche entre professionnels et chercheurs. Contextes, mis en oeuvre et déroulement sont décrits puis, dans une logique comparative, sont analysées les difficultés rencontrées et les manières de les surmonter. Quelques résultats sont mis en avant.
Quelle Europe pour les Turcs ?
Authors: Servantie Alain 
Published: December 2012

L’Europe est un concept récent pour les Turcs, symbole plus de changements technologiques et économiques que d’une évolution des valeurs, que d’une intégration de diversités. Les obstacles rencontrés par les Turcs dans les négociations d’une adhésion à l’UE sont attribués à l’incompréhension de la situation du pays par les hommes politiques des Etats-membres. Mais, les Turcs savent-ils vraiment ce que sont les valeurs européennes, ce qu’est l’évolution de l’intégration ? Il ne semble pas que l’enseignement ou les médias fassent passer cette information : dans les sondages, dans les études d’opinion, dans les déclarations publiques, l’Europe reste lointaine.
Les Libano-Syriens au Sénégal
Authors: Bouba Nouhou Alhadji 
Published: December 2012

En avril 2012, les médias arabes firent grand écho de la nomination de l’écologiste libano-sénégalais, Haïdar El-Ali, au poste de ministre de l’Ecologie et de la protection de la nature du Sénégal. En effet, la population sénégalaise, musulmane à plus de 90 %, est aussi composée de 30000 Libano-Syriens. Dans quel contexte émigrèrent-ils au Sénégal ? Comment reconstituèrent-ils leur identité confessionnelle ?
Manager entre légèreté et pesanteurs : le ballet de l'Opéra de Paris
Authors: Lefèvre Brigitte 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Diriger la danse à l’Opéra de Paris, c’est être dans un entre-deux : accompagner des projets qui n’existent que sous forme de pensées, avec le remarquable outil qu’est le ballet ; faire vivre les œuvres classiques et donner la parole aux créateurs les plus contemporains...
La responsabilité en discussion : Apel/Jonas
Authors: Pommier Éric 
Published: December 2012

Résumé Si l’éthique formulée par Hans Jonas constitue un progrès de la conscience morale, qui peut ainsi s’armer pour répondre aux défis posés par la technique contemporaine, elle court cependant le risque de s’énoncer au détriment de l’impératif de progrès et de justice. C’est cette inquiétude qui conduit à instaurer ici un dialogue entre l’éfthique de la discussion de Karl-Otto Apel et l’impératif de responsabilité de Hans Jonas. Nous présentons l’éthique de Jonas, les objections que lui adresse Apel, les réponses possibles à la lecture réductrice qu’il fait de la pensée jonassienne, tout en maintenant ce en quoi l’éthique de la discussion pourrait consolider les perspectives juridico-politiques envisagées par Jonas.
Bending analysis of laminated composite plates using finite element method
Authors: Reddy B. Sidda , Reddy A. Ramanjaneya , Kumar J. Suresh , Reddy K. Vijaya Kumar 
Published: December 2012

Laminated composite plate structures find numerous applications in aerospace, military and automotive industries. The role of transverse shear is very important in composites, as the material is weak in shear due to its low shear modulus compared to extensional rigidity. Hence, an accurate understanding of their structural behaviour is required, such as deflections and stresses. In this paper, a number of finite element analyses have been carried out for various side-to-thickness ratios, aspect ratios and modulus ratios to study the effect of transverse shear deformation on deflection and stresses of laminated composite plates subjected to uniformly distributed load. The numerical results showed, on the deflections and stresses, that the effect of coupling is to decrease the deflections with the increase in the aspect ratio and modulus ratio and increase the stresses with the increase in the side-to-thickness ratio and modulus ratio.Keywords: Laminated composite plate, bending analysis, uniformly distributed load, finite element method.
Applications of Cell-Free Fetal DNA in Maternal Serum
Authors: Ghorbian Saeid 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTCell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) is available in the maternal circulation throughout pregnancy and can be used for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis including, determination of fetal sex, identification of specific single gene disorders, typing of fetal blood groups (RhD), paternity determination and potentially routine use for Down's syndrome (DS) testing of all pregnancies. I searched published literature on the PubMed and databases on Scopus interface systematically using keyword's cffDNA, noninvasive diagnosis, fetal DNA in the maternal serum. Reference lists from the papers were also searched. cffDNA representing only 3% of the total cell-free circulating DNA in early and rising to 12% in late pregnancy, clinical investigations has already demonstrated the potential advantage, such as improving safety, earlier diagnosis and comparative ease of testing using cffDNA technology. The discovery of cffDNA circulating in the maternal serum has opened the door to noninvasive prenatal diagnosis testing with novel clinical implications.How to cite this articleGhorbian S. Applications of Cell-Free Fetal DNA in Maternal Serum. Int J Infertility Fetal Med 2012;3(2):33-39.
Synthesis and Characterization of Oligo(Ethylene Glycol)s Functionalized with Desaminotyrosine or Desaminotyrosyltyrosine
Authors: Julich-Gruner Konstanze K. , Neffe Axel T. , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: December 2012

Purpose The aromatic compounds desaminotyrosine (DAT) and desaminotyrosyltyrosine (DATT) have been successfully used to functionalize gelatin in order to form physically crosslinked networks via p-p interactions and hydrogen bonds of the introduced phenol moieties. Here, it was explored whether this concept can be applied to a synthetic polymer not engaging in additional interactions such as triple helix formation in gelatin, enabling a network to form by physical interactions mainly related to the terminal functional groups. Oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) was chosen as hydrophilic synthetic polymer for the backbone structure. Methods Linear OEG (MP = 3 kDa) and four-arm OEG (Mn = 5 kDa) with amino functionalities as endgroups were functionalized with DAT and DATT using EDC·HCl and NHS as activating agents. The compounds were characterized by NMR, IR spectroscopy, and MALDI. Rheological behavior of aqueous solutions of the polymers was studied. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) was determined by a fluorescence spectroscopic analysis using the hydrophobic fluorescent dye pyrene. Results DATT-functionalized linear OEG, four-arm DAT-functionalized OEG and four-arm DATT-functionalized OEG were synthesized with degrees of functionalization of 60–95 mol%. All compounds were water soluble, and rheological measurements revealed a decrease in storage modulus G′ and loss modulus G″ compared to unfunctionalized OEG. Moreover, the CMC of linear OEG-DATT could be determined. Conclusions The syntheses of OEG functionalized with the aromatic compounds DAT and DATT was reported. The polymers showed the properties of a surfactant.
Design of Bioactive Electrospun Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Cirillo Valentina , Guarino Vincenzo , Ambrosio Luigi 
Published: December 2012

Background This study aimed to produce polycaprolactone (PCL) and PCL/gelatin fibrous scaffolds by electrospinning to engineer functional bone by the careful reproduction of the native microenviroment of the natural tissue. Methods Polymer solutions were processed by electrospinning technique to fabricate 2D and 3D platforms in the form of random flat membranes and bilayered conduits, through the use of collectors – i.e., grounded metal plates and a rotating mandrel, via a 2-step electrospinning process, to produce a bilayered structure. Results The results showed that solvent properties and the integration of gelatin could strongly influence the scaffold features in terms of fiber size scale and homogeneity, thus potentially affecting the final biological response. Moreover, 3D bilayered devices ensured the mechanical stability required to guide the forming bone during the regeneration process. Conclusions Overall, bioactive 2D or 3D electrospun platforms with microstructured and nanostructured properties can be used successfully as extracellular matrix analogues in bone regeneration.