bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between prolactin, breast cancer risk, and antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia: a critical review
Authors: De Hert M. , Peuskens J. , Sabbe T. , Mitchell A. J. , Stubbs B. , Neven P. , Wildiers H. , Detraux J. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveA recent meta‐analysis showed that breast cancer probably is more common in female patients with schizophrenia than in the general population (effect size = 1.25, P < 0.05). Increasing experimental and epidemiological data have alerted researchers to the influence of prolactin (PRL) in mammary carcinogenesis. We therefore investigated the possible relationship between antipsychotic‐induced hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) and breast cancer risk in female patients with schizophrenia.MethodA literature search (1950 until January 2015), using the MEDLINE database, was conducted for English‐language published clinical trials to identify and synthesize data of the current state of knowledge concerning breast cancer risk (factors) in women with schizophrenia and its (their) relationship between HPRL and antipsychotic medication.ResultsAlthough an increasing body of evidence supports the involvement of PRL in breast carcinogenesis, results of human prospective studies are limited, equivocal, and correlative (with risk ratios ranging from 0.70 to 1.9 for premenopausal women and from 0.76 to 2.03 for postmenopausal women). Moreover, these studies equally do not take into account the local production of PRL in breast epithelium, although amplification or overexpression of the local autocrine/paracrine PRL loop may be a more important mechanism in tumorigenesis. Until now, there is also no conclusive evidence that antipsychotic medication can increase the risk of breast malignancy and mortality.ConclusionOther breast risk factors than PRL, such as nulliparity, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and unhealthy lifestyle behaviours (alcohol dependence, smoking, low physical activity), probably are of greater relevance in individual breast cancer cases within the population of female patients with schizophrenia.
Population pharmacokinetics of infliximab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: potential implications for dosing in clinical practice
Authors: Buurman D. J. , Maurer J. M. , Keizer R. J. , Kosterink J. G. W. , Dijkstra G. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryBackgroundInfliximab (IFX) is effective in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Currently, IFX is administered at fixed doses and intervals; however, costs are high and optimisation is necessary. Several publications indicate that IFX should be dosed on trough levels ≥3.0 mg/L. For optimising IFX dosing, the use of a pharmacokinetic model is important. Population pharmacokinetics of IFX have been described earlier; however, these models were not used for dose optimising.AimsTo develop a pharmacokinetic model for IFX in IBD patients that can be used for dose‐optimisation of IFX and to predict serum trough levels in this population.MethodsAn observational retrospective study was performed in 42 IFX‐treated IBD patients. Serum samples were drawn before infusion at T = 0, 2, 6, 14, 22 and 54 weeks and analysed for IFX and antibodies against IFX (ATI). Relevant covariates were recorded and a population pharmacokinetic model was developed.ResultsIndividual plots created using the final model showed good correspondence between observed and model predicted values. Serum levels were influenced by ATI, disease activity, sex and albumin. Our results show that in patients without ATI target trough levels ≥3.0 mg/L can be achieved by increasing dosing intervals from 8 to 12 weeks combined with a dose increase. This results in a reduction of 33% in concomitant costs.ConclusionsIn IBD patients without ATI, trough level dosing based on longer intervals can reduce IFX therapy‐related visits to the hospital with one‐third. Trough level based dose intensification should always be justified by disease activity parameters.
Progressive decline in tacrolimus clearance after renal transplantation is partially explained by decreasing CYP3A4 activity and increasing haematocrit
Authors: de Jonge Hylke , Vanhove Thomas , de Loor Henriëtte , Verbeke Kristin , Kuypers Dirk R. J. 
Published: June 2015

AimsThe long‐term disposition of tacrolimus following kidney transplantation is characterized by a gradual decrease in dose requirements and increase in dose‐corrected exposure. This phenomenon has been attributed to a progressive decline in cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) activity, although this has never been demonstrated in vivo.MethodsSixty‐five tacrolimus‐ and 10 cyclosporine‐treated renal transplant recipients underwent pharmacokinetic testing at day 7 and months 1, 3, 6 and 12 after transplantation, including 8‐h area under the concentration‐time curve (AUC) for tacrolimus or cyclosporine and assessment of CYP3A4 activity using oral and intravenous midazolam (MDZ) drug probes.ResultsTacrolimus clearance decreased gradually throughout the entire first year but only in CYP3A5*3/*3 homozygous recipients (25.6 ± 11.1 l h–1 at day 7; 17 ± 9.1 l h–1 at month 12; P < 0.001). In mixed model analysis, decreasing CYP3A4 activity, measured by apparent oral MDZ clearance (924 ± 443 ml min–1 at day 7 vs. 730 ± 344 ml min–1 at month 1; P < 0.001), explained 55.4% of the decline in tacrolimus clearance in the first month. CYP3A4 activity decreased by 18.9 ml min–1 for every milligram of methylprednisolone dose tapering within the first month; beyond this point it remained stable. A gradual rise in haematocrit throughout the entire first year explained 31.7% of the decrease in tacrolimus clearance in the first month and 23.6% of the decrease between months 1 and 12. Cyclosporine clearance did not change over time.ConclusionsThe maturation of tacrolimus disposition in the first year after renal transplantation observed in CYP3A5*3/*3 homozygous patients can partly be explained by a (steroid tapering‐related) decline in CYP3A4 activity and a progressive increase in haematocrit.
Autologous stem cell transplantation outcomes in elderly patients with B cell Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Gohil Satyen H. , Ardeshna Kirit M. , Lambert Jonathan M. , Pule Martin A. , Mohamedbhai Sajir , Virchis Andres , Morris Emma C. , Linch David C. , Thomson Kirsty J. , Peggs Karl S. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThe precise role of autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains unclear in patients over 60 years of age. There is potential for increased procedural morbidity and mortality, and differences in disease biology that could impact outcomes. We performed a retrospective single‐centre review of 81 elderly B‐cell Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma patients undergoing ASCT. Five‐year overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) was 54·7% and 49·1% respectively. Non‐relapse mortality (NRM) at 100 days and 1 year was 1·3% and 2·5%, suggesting no major excess compared to younger cohorts. OS and PFS were significantly worse in those over 65 years compared to those aged 60–64 (47·6% vs. 57·7%, P = 0·0437, and 27·6% vs. 57·7%, P = 0·0052 at 5 years). This resulted largely from an increased relapse risk (RR) (53·8% vs. 30·1%, P = 0·0511) rather than excess NRM, and age remained independently significant for PFS on multivariate analyses [Hazard ratio 2·56 (1·35–4·84, P = 0·0052) for PFS and 1·89 (0·99–3·61, P = 0·054) for OS]. Our data adds to the growing body of evidence demonstrating that ASCT can be an effective treatment strategy with an acceptable safety profile in selected elderly patients. Further evaluation of its overall benefit is warranted, however, in those over 65 years of age, as RR appears to be considerably higher.
The association between parental imprisonment and the mental health of Palestinian adolescents
Authors: Shehadeh Amer , Loots Gerrit , Vanderfaeillie Johan , Derluyn Ilse 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundSince 1967, the Palestinian Occupied Territories are marked by a protracted political conflict. During this conflict, about one fifth of the Palestinian population has been detained; a considerable part of them having children outside prison. Although parental detention negatively impacts children's psychological well‐being, little is known about this impact within contexts of protracted armed conflict. Therefore, this study aimed at gaining insight into the impact of parental detention onto adolescents' psychological well‐being.MethodOf 314 (11‐ to 18‐year old) Palestinian adolescents who took part, the fathers of 204 adolescents were detained in Israeli prisons. The adolescents completed two self‐report questionnaires: the UCLA‐PTSD‐Reaction Index, investigating symptoms of posttraumatic stress, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, looking at overall psychological problems. Several hierarchical regression analyses investigated mental health differences between both the groups, and possible associations between sociodemographic characteristics and the witnessing of the father's arrest, and the mental health outcomes.ResultsParental detention largely impacted adolescents' mental health, with one fifth to two thirds of the adolescents reporting considerable mental health problems. Witnessing the arrest of the father even increased this risk considerably. Above, girls, younger adolescents, participants living in refugee camps, and those living with extended families also reported higher scores on both questionnaires.ConclusionsDetention of fathers in the context of protracted armed conflicts has a large impact on adolescents' mental health. Besides an overall plea to end armed conflicts as fast as possible, the study also delineates considerable implications for the support and care for these adolescents and their families.
Estimation of density threshold of gregarization of desert locust hoppers from field sampling in Mauritania
Authors: Cisse Sory , Ghaout Saïd , Mazih Ahmed , Ould Babah Ebbe Mohamed Abdallahi , Piou Cyril 
Published: June 2015

AbstractFor desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), the hopper density threshold of gregarization remains poorly documented. Field sampling was carried out in traditional seasonal breeding areas of Mauritania during two successive years without invasion to approximate the gregarization threshold. Hopper densities were assessed at numerous sampling sites. Vegetation was also sampled to characterize the habitats. Hopper behavior was analyzed in situ with the help of a behavioral circular arena to test our assumptions on empirical locust phases determination based on physical appearance (coloration and behavior) following FAO guidelines. The results provided a critical density value around 2.45 hoppers m−2, above which gregarious hoppers were expected to be seen more frequently in nature. Hopper density was confirmed as the main factor explaining the presence of gregarious individuals. The level of involvement of vegetation parameters such as plant density, basal area, volume, distance between plants, greenness, or combinations of these indicators was low in explaining the observation of gregarious hoppers compared with hopper density. Vegetation cover and height were the only vegetation characteristics that could enhance the prediction of phase status with hopper density. The hoppers' phase determined from their behavior observed in the arena was similar to that characterized through FAO guidelines phase assessment, making consistent the field sampling method. Additionnally, the use of this arena illustrated that the grouping behavior of hoppers is a gradual response to density. This study can be seen as a step forward in the estimation of hopper density thresholds of gregarization in the field. This should improve the decision making for intervention during preventive control operations.
How much have we learned about seasonality in tropical insect abundance since Wolda (1988)?
Authors: Kishimoto‐Yamada Keiko , Itioka Takao 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSeasonal patterns in climatic conditions affect the life cycles and temporal patterns in the abundance of most temperate insect species. In tropical regions where there is no winter season, the situation may be different. For a better understanding of the evolution of seasonal life cycles, and the dynamics affecting temporal patterns in abundance of tropical insect populations and assemblages, it is important to study the life cycles of tropical insects and the presence or absence of seasonality in relation to climatic conditions. By reviewing studies on temporal patterns of abundance, this article examines the patterns of seasonality in adult tropical forest insects and discusses the variation in such patterns in various forest types. Seasonal and aseasonal patterns were found to be common in tropical dry and wet regions, respectively. In wet regions, which lack a distinctive dry season, there exists a wide variety of temporal patterns in addition to aseasonal patterns: distinctively seasonal and supra‐annual fluctuations in some insect species. Some of the problems of hidden ecological mechanisms underlying seasonal patterns in abundance are discussed, and the definition of seasonality in temporal patterns of insect abundance at a particular stage in the life cycle is considered. Methodological problems are also discussed.
Genetic improvement for important farmed aquaculture species with a reference to carp, tilapia and prawns in Asia: achievements, lessons and challenges
Authors: Nguyen Nguyen Hong 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThis study provides an overview of successful genetic improvement programmes for important farmed aquaculture species in Asia, with a focus on lessons and experiences gained as well as challenges remaining. In both fish and prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), conventional selective breeding approaches have resulted in significant improvement in productivity, with genetic gains ranging from 8 to 12% per generation. Selection for high growth has also brought about beneficial changes in fillet weight of fish and edible meat in prawns without detrimental effects on flesh quality attributes and fitness‐related traits. Genetically improved animals show remarkable vigour and high adaptation to a range of culture environments/conditions in Asian countries. Despite these successes, however, the conduct and practical implementation of such breeding programmes still present several challenges. These include the expansion of breeding objectives, management of inbreeding in closed‐selection populations, controlling the effects of genotype by environment interactions, simultaneous production of large number of full‐ and half‐sib families for species with asynchronous spawning behaviour, maintaining pedigree records, dissemination of the improved strains for widespread production, as well as a reluctance by many to carry out systematically designed genetic improvement for aquatic animal species. There are also challenges with regard to the application of genomic information in genetic enhancement programmes and the development of genetically improved strains in response to climate and environmental changes. In this study, each of these challenges is discussed and solutions are proposed to increase efficiency of future genetic improvement programmes for economically important aquaculture species.
BDNF signaling in the rat cerebello‐vestibular pathway during vestibular compensation: BDNF signaling in vestibular compensation
Authors: Zhou Liuqing , Zhou Wen , Zhang Sulin , Liu Bo , Liang Pei , Zhou Yan , Zhou Tao , Zhang Kun , Leng Yangming , Kong Weijia 
Published: June 2015

Vestibular compensation, which is the behavioral recovery from lesions to the peripheral vestibular system, is attributed to plasticity of the central vestibular system. It has been reported that brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is expressed and released in an activity‐dependent manner. Upon binding to the tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB), BDNF can acutely modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity in the central nervous system. To assess the possible contribution of BDNF to this recovery process, we studied the expression of BDNF, TrkB.FL, TrkB.T1 and KCC2 (K+‐Cl− cotransporter isoform 2) in the bilateral medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) and the flocculus of rats at 4 h, 8 h, 1, 3 and 7 days following unilateral labyrinthectomy (UL) using immunohistochemistry, quantitative real‐time PCR and western blotting. Our results have shown that, compared with the sham controls and the contra‐lesional side, (a) the expression of BDNF and TrkB.FL increased at 4 h in the ipsi‐lesional flocculus after UL; (b) the expression of TrkB.T1 decreased at 4 h and KCC2 decreased at 8 h and 1 day in the ipsi‐lesional flocculus after UL; and (c) BDNF and TrkB.FL expression was enhanced and KCC2 expression was reduced in the ipsi‐lesional MVN at 8 h after UL. Our data supported the hypothesis that BDNF upregulation may reduce the inhibitory effects of the flocculus and commissural inhibition system by regulating inhibitory GABAergic synaptic transmission in floccular Purkinje cells and Purkinje cell terminals in the MVN. Additionally, KCC2 may be a switch in this process.
Evaluation of downstream migration mitigation actions for eel at an Archimedes screw pump pumping station
Authors: Buysse D. , Mouton A. M. , Baeyens R. , Coeck J. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), mortality was studied in a Belgian lowland canal after downstream passage through a large and small de Wit‐adapted Archimedes screw pump over a 12‐month period. The hypothesis tested was the minimisation of fish injuries with the de Wit adaptation. Simultaneously, downstream migration through a Dutch pool and orifice fishway alongside the pumping station (PS) was monitored. Nets were mounted on the outflow of the pumps, and a cage was placed in the fishway. Based on the condition of the fish and injuries sustained, the assessed maximum mortality rates ranged from 19 ± 4% for the large de Wit Archimedes screw pump to 14 ± 8% for the small de Wit Archimedes screw pump. The screw adaptations did not substantially minimise grinding injuries and overall mortality, and the fishway did not mitigate downstream eel migration. To achieve escapement targets set in the eel management plans, fish‐friendly pump designs and effective PS bypass solutions are needed.
Island and island‐like marine environments
Authors: Dawson Michael N. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIslands are pieces of land entirely surrounded by sea on which terrestrial and marine organisms live as little as a few metres apart. Yet, in contrast to terrestrial species, marine species have attracted little attention in studies of island theory. The experimental and conceptual origins of this dichotomy date back to the 1970s, although the apposition has softened in the early 2000s, in part a consequence of phylogeographic analyses and the discovery of new marine environments. Here, I explore the possible range of island and island‐like settings in the marine realm and find good evidence, albeit in short supply, for integrating marine with terrestrial perspectives during the current transition from equilibrium to general dynamic models of island biogeography. This integration of marine systems into island theory will be facilitated by three advances: (1) development of many descriptive marine studies to reduce the current deficit, (2) design of rigorous comparative studies within and across realms, and (3) modification of conceptual models to unite seemingly disparate situations, for example describing islands in terms of ecological–evolutionary processes. Marine island biogeography is in its infancy; it may present situations that are uncommon in the existing literature, but not rare in nature, and thus contribute substantially to the new dynamic outlook on a half‐century‐old theme.
‘I'm a sick person, not a bad person’: patient experiences of treatments for alcohol use disorders
Authors: McCallum Stacey L , Mikocka‐Walus Antonina A , Gaughwin Matthew D , Andrews Jane M , Turnbull Deborah A 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundEmerging research indicates that standard treatments for alcohol use disorders may not fully meet the needs of patients with co‐occurring severe mental health symptoms. Investigating health quality indicators may provide insight into how current treatment might be improved.ObjectiveTo better understand the experiences of patients receiving treatment for alcohol use disorders and compare the experiences of patients with and without co‐occurring severe mental health symptoms.DesignCross‐sectional qualitative research design using semi‐structured interviews methods and framework analysis approach.SettingInpatient hospital, outpatient service, inpatient detoxification clinic and a residential/ therapeutic community.Participant'sThirty‐four patients receiving treatment for an alcohol use disorder.Main variables studiedThemes relating to patients' experiences of continuity of care, treatment need and satisfaction with treatment were studied. The qualitative data were divided into two groups: patients with (n = 15) and without (n = 19) severe mental health symptoms.ResultsFive themes relating to patient satisfaction with treatment were identified, including: perceived effectiveness of treatment, supportive relationships, specialized but holistic care, patient autonomy and continuity of care. A diverse range of patient treatment needs, staff and service continuity and stigma were also identified as major themes. Five basic themes were identified as more critical to the experiences of patients with severe mental health symptoms.Discussion and conclusionsFindings suggest that patients look for supportive relationships with others, to be involved in treatment decisions, effective specialized and holistic approaches to care and a non‐judgemental treatment environment.
Neuroendocrine differentiation in breast carcinoma: clinicopathological features and outcome
Authors: Bogina Giuseppe , Munari Enrico , Brunelli Matteo , Bortesi Laura , Marconi Marcella , Sommaggio Marco , Lunardi Gianluigi , Gori Stefania , Massocco Alberto , Pegoraro Maria C , Zamboni Giuseppe 
Published: June 2015

AimsPrimary neuroendocrine (NE) breast carcinoma (BC) is an entity with a wide range of prevalence and poorly defined clinical behaviour. We evaluated the prevalence, clinicopathological features and clinical outcome of NEBC.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin and chromogranin A was performed on whole sections from 1232 consecutive cases of invasive BC. We divided NEBC into focal (10–49% positive cells) and diffuse (≥50% positive cells) and compared the outcome of patients with NEBC with strictly matched non‐NEBC. A total of 128 BC showed NE differentiation (10.4%): 84 diffuse (6.8%) and 44 focal (3.6%). NE differentiation showed a significant association with T4 stage (P = 0.001), solid‐papillary and mucinous histotype (P < 0.0001), G2 grading (P = 0.002), positive oestrogen receptor (ER) (P = 0.003) and progesterone receptor (PR) (P = 0.002). Almost 90% of NEBC were ER+/HER2− and more than half ER+/HER2−/Ki67≥14%. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that patients with NEBC showed worse disease‐free survival (DFS) (P = 0.04) compared to matched non‐NEBC. We did not find significant differences regarding clinicopathological features, DFS and CSS between diffuse and focal neuroendocrine BC.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that NEBC represents 7–10% of invasive BC and that NE differentiation does not affect the prognosis of BC in terms of CSS.