bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palladium‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of Arylketones at Low Catalyst Loadings
Authors: Marelli Enrico , Corpet Martin , Davies Sian R. , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA general catalytic protocol for the α‐arylation of aryl ketones has been developed. It involves the use of a preformed, bench‐stable Pd–N‐heterocyclic carbene pre‐catalyst bearing IHept as an ancillary ligand, and allows the coupling of various functionalized coupling partners at very low catalyst loading. Careful choice of the solvent/base system was crucial to obtain optimum catalyst performance. The pre‐catalyst was also successfully tested in the synthesis of an industrially relevant compound.
Diazo‐ and Transition‐Metal‐Free CH Insertion: A Direct Synthesis of β‐Lactams
Authors: Gomes Luis F. R. , Veiros Luís F. , Maulide Nuno , Afonso Carlos A. M. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCarbene intermediates are very useful species for a range of reactions including CH insertions and cycloadditions. They are most commonly generated by metal‐catalyzed release of nitrogen gas from diazo precursors. Herein, we present a novel CH insertion of simple β‐ketoamide substrates, through reaction with (diacetoxyiodo)benzene (DIB) in the presence of a base. This unprecedented transformation bypasses the use of either diazo precursors or metal catalysts and directly delivers β‐lactam products by an iodonium ylide, in a single step under mild conditions. Mechanistic studies support the intermediacy of a free singlet carbene of unique reactivity and selectivity.
Gold(I)‐Catalyzed 1,4‐ and/or 1,5‐Heteroaryl Migration Reactions through Regiocontrolled Cyclizations
Authors: Wang Chengyu , Xie Xin , Liu Jun , Liu Yuanhong , Li Yuxue 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGold(I)‐catalyzed regioselective cycloisomerizations of furan‐ynes have been described. The reaction provides a concise access to stereodefined trisubstituted alkenes by endo cyclization with concomitant 1,5‐migration of the furanyl group in the presence of unactivated 3 Å molecular sieves. In the absence of molecular sieves, indene products are generated by exo cyclization, followed by 1,4‐furanyl migration/cyclization. The scope for 1,5‐migrations can be extended to other heterocycles, such as benzofurans, thiophenes, and pyrroles.
The Crystal Structure of a Homodimeric Pseudomonas Glyoxalase I Enzyme Reveals Asymmetric Metallation Commensurate with Half‐of‐Sites Activity
Authors: Bythell‐Douglas Rohan , Suttisansanee Uthaiwan , Flematti Gavin R. , Challenor Michael , Lee Mihwa , Panjikar Santosh , Honek John F. , Bond Charles S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe Zn inactive class of glyoxalase I (Glo1) metalloenzymes are typically homodimeric with two metal‐dependent active sites. While the two active sites share identical amino acid composition, this class of enzyme is optimally active with only one metal per homodimer. We have determined the X‐ray crystal structure of GloA2, a Zn inactive Glo1 enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The presented structures exhibit an unprecedented metal‐binding arrangement consistent with half‐of‐sites activity: one active site contains a single activating Ni2+ ion, whereas the other contains two inactivating Zn2+ ions. Enzymological experiments prompted by the binuclear Zn2+ site identified a novel catalytic property of GloA2. The enzyme can function as a Zn2+/Co2+‐dependent hydrolase, in addition to its previously determined glyoxalase I activity. The presented findings demonstrate that GloA2 can accommodate two distinct metal‐binding arrangements simultaneously, each of which catalyzes a different reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Method for Metal‐Free Radical Trifluoromethylation of Styrenes with NaSO2CF3.
Authors: Luo Hai‐Qing , Zhang Zhi‐Peng , Dong Wen , Luo Xu‐Zhong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractOther alkenes such as indene, internal and aliphatic alkenes fail to provide the desired products.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel One‐Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Isocoumarins from Arynes and Trifluoroacetylated β‐Diketones.
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Hirano Koki , Tanabe Yukiko , Itoyama Ryoichi , Miura Atsumi , Nagahora Noriyoshi , Shioji Kosei 
Published: November 2014

AbstractCompound (VIII) is fully demethylated to afford thunberginol A.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Substituted Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines.
Authors: Prieur Vanessa , Rubio‐Martinez Jaime , Font‐Bardia Merce , Guillaumet Gerald , Pujol M. Dolors 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA sequential route for preparation of triarylated pyrrolopyrimidines starting from common dichloropyrimidine (I) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Gombaspiroketals A—C, Sesterterpenes from the Sponge Clathria gombawuiensis.
Authors: Woo Jung‐Kyun , Kim Chang‐Kwon , Kim Seong‐Hwan , Kim Heegyu , Oh Dong‐Chan , Oh Ki‐Bong , Shin Jongheon 
Published: November 2014

AbstractGombaspiroketals A (Ib), B (II), and C (Ia) are isolated as a new skeletal class of tetracyclic sesterterpenes from the marine title sponge.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II) Triflate as a Mild and Efficient Catalyst for Ferrier Glycosylation: Synthesis of 2,3‐Unsaturated O‐Glycosides.
Authors: Srinivas Batthula , Reddy Thurpu Raghavender , Radha Krishna Palakodety , Kashyap Sudhir 
Published: November 2014

Abstract1‐Azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐3‐ol fails to react.
Chemical Resistance and Mechanical Stability of Polymer Film Heat Exchangers
Authors: Laaber Dmitrij , Bart Hans‐Jörg 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPolyimide and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) films were examined as alternative materials in heat exchangers in respect of their mechanical behavior at temperatures of up to 90 °C and in contact with water, toluene and hexane. It was shown that the PTFE films have a sufficient durability and can be successfully used with these organic liquids. Furthermore, a hydrodynamically optimized prototype of a heat exchanger was designed based on CFD studies coupled with FEM analysis considering geometry deformations of the films caused by pressure loss.
Analysis of stage and clinical/prognostic factors for lung cancer from SEER registries: AJCC staging and collaborative stage data collection system
Authors: Chen Vivien W. , Ruiz Bernardo A. , Hsieh Mei‐Chin , Wu Xiao‐Cheng , Ries Lynn A. G. , Lewis Denise R. 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDThe American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th edition introduced major changes in the staging of lung cancer, including the tumor (T), node (N), metastasis (M)—TNM—system and new stage/prognostic site‐specific factors (SSFs), collected under the Collaborative Stage Version 2 (CSv2) Data Collection System. The intent was to improve the stage precision that could guide treatment options and ultimately lead to better survival. This report examines stage trends, the change in stage distributions from the AJCC 6th to the 7th edition, and findings of the prognostic SSFs for 2010 lung cancer cases.METHODSData were from the November 2012 submission of 18 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program population‐based registries. A total of 344,797 cases of lung cancer, diagnosed in 2004‐2010, were analyzed.RESULTSThe percentages of small tumors and early‐stage lung cancer cases increased from 2004 to 2010. The AJCC 7th edition, implemented for 2010 diagnosis year, subclassified tumor size and reclassified multiple tumor nodules, pleural effusions, and involvement of tumors in the contralateral lung, resulting in a slight decrease in stage IB and stage IIIB and a small increase in stage IIA and stage IV. Overall about 80% of cases remained the same stage group in the AJCC 6th and 7th editions. About 21% of lung cancer patients had separate tumor nodules in the ipsilateral (same) lung, and 23% of the surgically resected patients had visceral pleural invasion, both adverse prognostic factors.CONCLUSIONSIt is feasible for high‐quality population‐based registries such as the SEER Program to collect more refined staging and prognostic SSFs that allows better categorization of lung cancer patients with different clinical outcomes and to assess their survival. Cancer 2014;120(23 suppl):3781‐92. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Clinical and prognostic factors for melanoma of the skin using SEER registries: Collaborative stage data collection system, version 1 and version 2
Authors: Kosary Carol L. , Altekruse Sean F. , Ruhl Jennifer , Lee Richard , Dickie Lois 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDThe objectives of this article are to assess the completeness of the data collected on site‐specific factors (SSFs) as a part of Collaborative Stage (CS) version 2 and the impact of the transition from the American Joint Committee on Cancer's (AJCC) 6th to 7th edition guidelines on stage distribution.METHODSIncidence data for melanomas of the skin from 18 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries (SEER‐18) were analyzed. Percentages of unknown cases for 7 SSFs were examined, along with staging trends from 2004 to 2010 and differences in AJCC 6th and 7th edition stage distributions for 2010 cases.RESULTSFewer than 10% of cases were coded as unknown for SSFs 1 (measured thickness), 2 (ulceration), and 3 (lymph node metastasis). For the remaining SSFs, 36‐81% of cases were coded as unknown. Stage distributions were relatively consistent across time and between the AJCC 6th and 7th editions, with the exception of stage IA and stage INOS (not otherwise specified), for which a shift in cases was observed between the AJCC 6th and 7th edition guidelines fOR 2010 cases.CONCLUSIONSA shift of cases out of stage IA and into stage INOS was observed between the AJCC 6th and 7th edition guidelines for 2010 cases. This was attributed to the high number of cases coded as unknown for SSF7 (primary tumor mitotic count/rate). The percentage of cases coded as unknown varied by SSF. Data completeness presents an issue for SSFs introduced in CS version 2. Cancer 2014;120(23 suppl):3807‐14. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Analysis of stage and clinical/prognostic factors for colon and rectal cancer from SEER registries: AJCC and collaborative stage data collection system
Authors: Chen Vivien W. , Hsieh Mei‐Chin , Charlton Mary E. , Ruiz Bernardo A. , Karlitz Jordan , Altekruse Sean F. , Ries Lynn A. G. , Jessup J. Milburn 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDThe Collaborative Stage (CS) Data Collection System enables multiple cancer registration programs to document anatomic and molecular pathology features that contribute to the Tumor (T), Node (N), Metastasis (M) — TNM — system of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). This article highlights changes in CS for colon and rectal carcinomas as TNM moved from the AJCC 6th to the 7th editions.METHODSData from 18 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population‐based registries were analyzed for the years 2004‐2010, which included 191,361colon and 73,341 rectal carcinomas.RESULTSOverall, the incidence of colon and rectal cancers declined, with the greatest decrease in stage 0. The AJCC's 7th edition introduction of changes in the subcategorization of T4, N1, and N2 caused shifting within stage groups in 25,577 colon and 10,150 rectal cancers diagnosed in 2010. Several site‐specific factors (SSFs) introduced in the 7th edition had interesting findings: 1) approximately 10% of colon and rectal cancers had tumor deposits — about 30%‐40% occurred without lymph node metastases, which resulted in 2.5% of colon and 3.3% of rectal cases becoming N1c (stage III A/B) in the AJCC 7th edition; 2) 10% of colon and 12% of rectal cases had circumferential radial margins <1 mm; 3) about 46% of colorectal cases did not have a carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) testing or documented CEA information; and 4) about 10% of colorectal cases had perineural invasion.CONCLUSIONSAdoption of the AJCC 7th edition by the SEER program provides an assessment tool for staging and SSFs on clinical outcomes. This evidence can be used for education and improved treatment for colorectal carcinomas. Cancer 2014;120(23 suppl):3793‐806. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Outcome of patients with low‐risk and intermediate‐1‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome after hypomethylating agent failure: A report on behalf of the MDS Clinical Research Consortium
Authors: Jabbour Elias J. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Strati Paolo , Mishra Asmita , Al Ali Najla H. , Padron Eric , Lancet Jeffrey , Kadia Tapan , Daver Naval , O'Brien Susan , Steensma David P. , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Gore Steven D. , Dezern Amy , Roboz Gail J. , List Alan F. , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Komrokji Rami S. 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUNDThe hypomethylating agents (HMAs) azacitidine and decitabine are most commonly used to treat patients with higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). To the authors' knowledge, the prognosis of patients with low‐risk and intermediate‐1–risk MDS by the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) after HMA failure has not been explored comprehensively.METHODSThe clinical characteristics and treatment outcome of 438 patients with low‐risk and intermediate‐1–risk MDS who were treated with HMAs were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTSUsing the International Working Group response criteria, the overall objective response to HMA was 35% with a median of 6 cycles of HMA administered, and the median response duration was 7 months. Only 7% of patients had disease that transformed into acute myeloid leukemia while receiving therapy. Of the 290 patients who were evaluable at the time of HMA failure, 77% remained in the lower‐risk disease categories. On multivariate analysis, baseline neutropenia, intermediate‐risk and poor‐risk baseline karyotype, and lack of response to HMA were found to be independently associated with a higher risk of disease progression. With a median follow‐up of 16 months, the median transformation‐free survival and overall survival (OS) after HMA failure were 15 months and 17 months, respectively. On multivariate analysis, only The University of Texas MD Anderson Global Scoring System was found to be independently predictive of outcome, with patients with higher‐risk categories having poor transformation‐free survival (hazards ratio [HR], 1.5;P = .003) and OS (HR, 1.8;P = .002). The administration of salvage therapy was independently associated with better OS only (HR, 0.8;P = .01).CONCLUSIONSOutcomes of patients with lower‐risk MDS after HMA failure are poor and the treatment of these patients remains an unmet medical need. OS is a reasonable primary endpoint for clinical studies targeting this population.Cancer2015;121:876–882.©2014 American Cancer Society.
A comparative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of FSK0808 versus reference filgrastim after repeated subcutaneous administration in healthy Japanese men
Authors: Matsuguma Kyoko , Matsuki Shunji , Sakamoto Kei , Shiramoto Masanari , Nakagawa Misato , Kimura Miyuki , Irie Shin , Kaneko Daiki , Ohnishi Akihiro 
Published: November 2014

AbstractFSK0808, a biosimilar of filgrastim, is a recombinant human granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor developed by Fuji Pharmaceuticals and Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. We conducted a double‐blind, randomized, crossover study in healthy Japanese men, comparing the number of CD34‐positive cells (CD34+ cells) after repeated subcutaneous administration of either FSK0808 or the reference filgrastim (Gran®). As primary endpoints, we compared the maximum number of CD34+ cells (CD34+ Cmax) and the time to reach CD34+ Cmax (CD34+ tmax). As secondary endpoints, we compared the area under the curve for the number of CD34+ cells over time at the 410 hours time point (CD34+ AUC0–410), the parameters used to calculate the pharmacodynamic index of the absolute neutrophil count, and the pharmacokinetic parameters. Regarding the CD34+ Cmax and the CD34+ AUC0–410 values, the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the differences between the mean values for each drug was within the range of log(0.8)–log(1.25). With respect to the differences in the median values between drugs, the ratio against the reference filgrastim median value in the 95% CI was within the range of ± 0.2 for the CD34+ tmax value. From these results, we considered that these drugs display equivalent pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties.
Ternary Ag/MgO‐SiO2 Catalysts for the Conversion of Ethanol into Butadiene
Authors: Janssens Wout , Makshina Ekaterina V. , Vanelderen Pieter , De Clippel Filip , Houthoofd Kristof , Kerkhofs Stef , Martens Johan A. , Jacobs Pierre A. , Sels Bert F. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractTernary Ag/Magnesia‐silica catalysts were tested in the direct synthesis of 1,3‐butadiene from ethanol. The influence of the silver content and the type of silica source on catalytic performance has been studied. Prepared catalysts were characterized by 29Si NMR, N2 sorption, small‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements, XRD, environmental scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (ESEM/EDX), FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine and CO2, temperature‐programmed desorption of CO2 and UV/Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Based on these characterization results, the catalytic performance of the catalysts in the 1,3‐butadiene formation process was interpreted and a tentative model explaining the role of the different catalytically active sites was elaborated. The balance of the active sites is crucial to obtain an active and selective catalyst to form 1,3‐butadiene from ethanol. The optimal silver loading is 1–2 wt % on a MgO‐silica support with a molar Mg/Si ratio of 2. The silver species and basic sites (MgO pairs and basic OH groups) are of prime importance in the 1,3‐butadiene production, catalyzing mainly the ethanol dehydrogenation and the aldol condensation, respectively.
Highly Photocatalytically Active Iron(III) Titanium Oxide Thin films via Aerosol‐Assisted CVD
Authors: Sathasivam Sanjayan , Bhachu Davinder S. , Lu Yao , Bawaked Salem M. , Obaid Abdullah Y. , Al‐Thabaiti Shaeel , Basahel Sulaiman N. , Carmalt Claire J. , Parkin Ivan P. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper presents, for the first time, the synthesis, via aerosol‐assisted (AA)CVD followed by annealing at 620 °C for 5 h, of pure Fe2TiO5 thin films on glass. The thin film is deposited from a one pot solution containing titanium isopropoxide and tris(acetylacetonato)iron in an ethyl acetate solvent. The film is characterized using a range of techniques including powder X‐ray diffraction(XRD), wavelength dispersive X‐ray (WDX) spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV‐vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the film under UVA and visible light irradiation is also tested. The results show that Fe2TiO5 is able to degrade resazurin redox dye under UVA illumination at a rate much higher than Pilkington NSG ActivTM, with a formal quantum efficiency (FQE) an order of magnitude superior.
Cryptanalysis and improvement of an efficient authenticated key exchange protocol with tight security reduction
Authors: Lu Siqi , Zhao Jinhua , Cheng Qingfeng 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThe SMEN protocol, proposed by Wu and Ustaoglu in 2009, has been considered to be secure as the authors claimed, and numerous theories are proposed based on this protocol. This paper analyzes the SMEN protocol and finds that this protocol is not resistant to the session corruption attack and the key compromise impersonation attack. Then, we propose an improved protocol with tight security reduction. Our improved protocol not only avoids the above attacks but also embraces the same efficiency as the SMEN protocol in terms of exponentiation. Besides, formal analysis of the improved protocol is presented by using the formal automatic security analysis tool Scyther. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hyperbaric oxygenation treatment alleviates CCI‐induced neuropathic pain and decreases spinal apoptosis
Authors: Hu Q. , Fang L. , Li F. , Thomas S. , Yang Z. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundIncreased apoptotic changes in the spinal cord may be responsible for the development of chronic constriction injury (CCI)‐induced neuropathic pain. We previously reported the beneficial effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in the treatment of CCI‐induced neuropathic pain. In this study, we tested our hypotheses that HBO may achieve its beneficial effect by inhibiting CCI‐induced proapoptosis gene expression and apoptosis in the spinal cord.MethodsMale rats were randomized into: SHAM, CCI and CCI + HBO groups. Mechanical hyperalgesia was tested daily following surgery. CCI + HBO rats were treated with HBO for 1 h daily. At 3 days post‐CCI, the expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α and caspase‐3 genes was detected. At 7 days post‐CCI, apoptotic cells in the spinal cord were detected.ResultsThree days post‐CCI, mechanical allodynia had developed in the ipsilateral paw compared with SHAM animals. HBO significantly alleviated CCI‐induced mechanical allodynia. In comparison with SHAM, CCI‐induced neuropathic pain was associated with higher mRNA levels of TNF‐α and caspase‐3. HBO significantly decreased CCI‐induced mRNA levels of TNF‐α and caspase‐3. CCI‐induced neuropathic pain was also associated with more apoptotic cells in the spinal cord 7 days post‐CCI. HBO significantly reduced CCI‐induced apoptosis to the level of SHAM animals.ConclusionsOverly expressed proapoptosis genes, and subsequent increase in spinal apoptotic cells, seem to contribute to the development of CCI‐induced neuropathic pain. The inhibitory role of HBO on spinal proapoptosis genes and apoptotic changes may contribute to its beneficial effect on CCI‐induced neuropathic pain.
Use of prescribed opioids by children and adolescents: Differences between Denmark, Norway and Sweden
Authors: Mahic M. , Fredheim O.M. , Borchgrevink P.C. , Skurtveit S. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere are few studies on the use of opioids among children and adolescents. The aim of this study was to determine the 1‐year prevalence of prescribed opioid dispensing in Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and to compare gender and age differences in the use of weak and strong opioids between the three countries.MethodsData on the dispensing of opioids were collected from the websites of the complete national prescription databases in the three countries. All individuals aged 0–19 with at least one prescription of opioids during the study period were included.ResultsThe 1‐year prevalence of opioid use among young individuals aged 0–19 years increased during the study period (2006–2012) in Denmark from 2.5 to 3.4 per thousand, in Norway from 10.7 to 13.4 per thousand and in Sweden from 5.9 to 7.1 per thousand. In all three countries, more boys than girls used opioids between the ages of 0 and 10, whereas girls were the major users in the age range 11–19. Use of opioids in all three countries was dominated by weak opioids, codeine being the most dominant in Norway and Sweden and tramadol in Denmark.ConclusionsThe 1‐year prevalence of prescribed opioid use among children and adolescents in Norway was far higher than in Denmark and Sweden. During the study period, an increasing use of opioids among children and adolescents was observed in all three countries.
Electroanalytical Sensor Based on Unmodified Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrode for the Determination of Levo‐Thyroxine
Authors: Das Ashis , Sangaranarayanan M. V. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe electrochemical behaviour of thyroxine (T4) is analysed using the disposable screen‐printed carbon electrode (SPCE) in the neutral phosphate buffer solution with cyclic voltammetric technique. The Differential Pulse Voltammetry and Chronoamperometry were employed for sensing of T4. The lowest detection limit of 3 nM was obtained from the differential pulse voltammetric method without preconditioning. The Density Functional Theoretical study of T4 was performed to elucidate the mechanism of oxidation. The analysis of the commercial pharmaceutical samples indicates the validity of the proposed method.