bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing cortical auditory processing in children with typical and atypical benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: Electrophysiologic evidence of the role of non–rapid eye movement sleep abnormalities
Authors: Filippini Melissa , Boni Antonella , Giannotta Melania , Pini Antonella , Russo Angelo , Musti Muriel Assunta , Guerra Angelo , Lassonde Maryse , Gobbi Giuseppe 
Published: March 2015

SummaryObjectiveThe mismatch negativity (MMN) is an objective measure of central auditory discrimination.MMNalterations have been shown in children with language and/or developmental disorders. In benign focal epilepsies, neuropsychological disorders are often reported and linked to interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) during non–rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. There are few studies reportingMMNin children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) and sleepIEDs. Moreover, noMMNrecording has yet been reported in atypicalBECTSchildren with continuous spike‐and‐wave during sleep (CSWS). We retrospectively comparedMMNin typical and atypicalBECTSchildren, particularly addressing the impact ofNREMsleepIEDs on auditory discrimination. Moreover, we attempted a neuropsychological characterization of patients.MethodsTheMMNwas recorded in 9 normal controls and 23 patients (14 typicalBECTSand 9 atypicalBECTS) in an oddball paradigm with syllable stimuli.MMN, sleep electroencephalography (EEG) and neuropsychological evaluation were realized in the same testing session.ResultsMeasurableMMNresponses to speech stimuli were identified in both the control and patient groups. A significant difference between control and atypicalBECTSchildren was found with respect to amplitude (p = 0.0061). AtypicalBECTSalso showed a lowerMMNamplitude with respect to typicalBECTS, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.0545). Statistical comparisons between groups revealed no differences in latency. Among the neuropsychological variables, academic difficulties were significantly more prominent in the patients with atypicalBECTS(p = 0.04).SignificanceCSWS EEGpattern affects auditory discrimination and may have a long‐lasting impact on academic skills acquisition, whereas in typicalBECTSchildren with a lower degree ofIED NREMsleep, plastic brain reorganization or the preservation of participating networks may prevent such difficulty. Early electrophysiologic identification of auditory discrimination deficits in epileptic children could be used in early rehabilitation, thereby reducing the risk of developing neuropsychological disorders.
Effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation following epilepsy surgery: Current state of knowledge
Authors: Mazur‐Mosiewicz Anya , Carlson Helen L. , Hartwick Cailey , Dykeman Jonathan , Lenders Taryn , Brooks Brian L. , Wiebe Samuel 
Published: March 2015

SummaryObjectiveCognitive rehabilitation (CR) is a well‐researched therapeutic option for a variety of neurocognitive problems. Recently, CR has been proposed as an option for patients who experience cognitive difficulties following epilepsy surgery (ES). However, there is inconsistency in reporting the efficacy of CR in this population. We appraise existing evidence regarding CR approaches in patients undergoing resective ES and review effectiveness of specific CR strategies.MethodsA comprehensive literature search using MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EBM Reviews (including the Cochrane database) identified studies in English published before September 2014, without age restriction, related to CR in patients who underwent resective ES. We included studies focused on patients who underwent ES and who received at least one type of cognitive rehabilitation.ResultsOf 2,059 citations identified, four fulfilled eligibility criteria (n = 577), and all investigated the effectiveness of specific CR strategies in patients with either left or right temporal lobe resections. CR strategies used included internal compensatory strategies, external memory aids, psychoeducation, verbal and visual memory training, and exercises of attention and executive functions. None were randomized trials, and only one study involved standardized methods or described the procedures in detail. Evidence suggests that CR may contribute to improvements in aspects of verbal memory, with particular benefit of visual imagery techniques; CR aimed at verbal memory functions may be less effective for patients with hemispheric‐dominant resections, and figural memory may not be improved by CR. Furthermore, CR may improve functional and life outcomes, but its timing does not appear to influence its effectiveness.SignificanceWe demonstrate that CR interventions are overwhelmingly under researched or underreported, and there is a need for a systematic evaluation of CR in this patient population. CR should be given greater attention after ES to determine its efficacy and role in the management of these patients.
Finding Hope in the Life of Young Part‐timers
Authors: Masuda Jin 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe objective of this article is to link the structural factor (employment structure) and subjective factor (notion of labor) concerned with the generation process of young part‐timers (freeters) by considering their life histories in terms of hope. Based on the ongoing research conducted over a period of 5 years on three male freeters, the following facts have come to light. Freeters are located on the lower strata of full‐time and part‐time jobs. They cannot envision a future career path in either employment style. Due to current labor ethics, they cannot form a subgroup that acknowledges their employment style and present‐time orientation. Under pressure from labor ethics, which insist that they do “decent” work, they cannot help but hope to escape from this double‐bind. To put it briefly, present Japanese society needs flexible workers, on the one hand, but cannot permit them to be flexible on the other. This kind of structural tension drives the young workers to hope. But hope does not dissolve the structural tension. On the contrary, it works to prolong this structural tension itself.
Social Capital in Korea: Relational Capital, Trust, and Transparency
Authors: Yee Jaeyeol 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis article starts by distinguishing two different types of social capital, that is, societal moral resource capital and relational capital. Social capital as a societal moral resource is best characterized in Putnam's works. Social capital as the relational mobilization of information and control is best conceptualized by Coleman. By contrasting these two aspects of social capital, and by contextualizing the peculiarity of social relations in East Asian countries, this article explores the characteristics of social capital in Korea. For that purpose, I focus on the working of relational capital, or inmaek, in the creation and reproduction of social inequality. Moreover, I calculate the macro‐level transformation of Korean society in terms of the role of societal moral resources.
Assessing the alignment of sexual and natural selection using radiomutagenized seed beetles
Authors: Power D. J. , Holman L. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA major unsolved question in evolutionary biology concerns the relationship between natural and sexual selection. Sexual selection might augment natural selection, for example if mutations that harm female fecundity also reduce male mating success. Conversely, sexual selection might favour traits that impair naturally selected fitness components. We induced detrimental mutations in Callosobruchus maculatus beetles using X‐ray irradiation and then experimentally measured the effect of precopulatory sexual selection on offspring number and survival rate. Sexual selection treatment had a negative effect on egg‐to‐adult survivorship, although the number of progeny reaching adulthood was unaffected, perhaps because eggs and juveniles that failed to develop lessened competition on the survivors. We hypothesize that the negative effect of sexual selection arose because sexually competitive males transmitted a smaller nuptial gift or carried alleles that conferred reduced survival. Although we found no evidence that sexual selection on males can purge alleles that are detrimental to naturally selected fitness components, such benefits might exist in other environmental or genetic contexts.
A fast experimental beam hardening correction method for accurate bone mineral measurements in 3D μCT imaging system
Authors: KOUBAR KHODOR , BEKAERT VIRGILE , BRASSE DAVID , LAQUERRIERE PATRICE 
Published: March 2015

SummaryBone mineral density plays an important role in the determination of bone strength and fracture risks. Consequently, it is very important to obtain accurate bone mineral density measurements. The microcomputerized tomography system provides 3D information about the architectural properties of bone. Quantitative analysis accuracy is decreased by the presence of artefacts in the reconstructed images, mainly due to beam hardening artefacts (such as cupping artefacts). In this paper, we introduced a new beam hardening correction method based on a postreconstruction technique performed with the use of off‐line water and bone linearization curves experimentally calculated aiming to take into account the nonhomogeneity in the scanned animal. In order to evaluate the mass correction rate, calibration line has been carried out to convert the reconstructed linear attenuation coefficient into bone masses. The presented correction method was then applied on a multimaterial cylindrical phantom and on mouse skeleton images. Mass correction rate up to 18% between uncorrected and corrected images were obtained as well as a remarkable improvement of a calculated mouse femur mass has been noticed. Results were also compared to those obtained when using the simple water linearization technique which does not take into account the nonhomogeneity in the object.
AAV‐mediated expression of BAG1 and ROCK2‐shRNA promote neuronal survival and axonal sprouting in a rat model of rubrospinal tract injury
Authors: Challagundla Malleswari , Koch Jan Christoph , Ribas Vinicius Toledo , Michel Uwe , Kügler Sebastian , Ostendorf Thomas , Bradke Frank , Müller Hans Werner , Bähr Mathias , Lingor Paul 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA lesion to the rat rubrospinal tract is a model for traumatic spinal cord lesions and results in atrophy of the red nucleus neurons, axonal dieback, and locomotor deficits. In this study, we used adeno‐associated virus (AAV)‐mediated over‐expression of BAG1 and ROCK2‐shRNA in the red nucleus to trace [by co‐expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)] and treat the rubrospinal tract after unilateral dorsal hemisection. We investigated the effects of targeted gene therapy on neuronal survival, axonal sprouting of the rubrospinal tract, and motor recovery 12 weeks after unilateral dorsal hemisection at Th8in rats. In addition to the evaluation of BAG1 and ROCK2 as therapeutic targets in spinal cord injury, we aimed to demonstrate the feasibility and the limits of an AAV‐mediated protein over‐expression versus AAV.shRNA‐mediated down‐regulation in this traumatic CNS lesion model. Our results demonstrate that BAG1 and ROCK2‐shRNA both promote neuronal survival of red nucleus neurons and enhance axonal sprouting proximal to the lesion.imageUnderstanding the mechanisms involved in neuronal survival and axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) is pivotal for the development of new therapies. We showed that over‐expression of BAG1 (Bcl‐2‐associated athanogene‐1) and down‐regulation of ROCK2 (Rho‐associated protein kinase) improve neuronal survival and axonal sprouting after SCI. Our results imply that BAG1 and ROCK2 represent interesting molecular targets that can be used in future therapeutic strategies for the treatment of SCI. AAV = adeno‐associated virus.
Efficacy of neurostimulation to treat symptoms of Mal de Debarquement Syndrome. A preliminary study using repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Pearce Alan J. , Davies Charlotte P. , Major Brendan P. 
Published: March 2015

Mal de debarquement syndrome (MdDS) is a rare and poorly understood condition of perceived continual motion. Using a multiple‐case design (n = 13; 8 f; 63.5 ± 12.6 years), this study investigated the efficacy of eight 20‐min sessions, over 4 weeks, of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the dorsolateral pre‐frontal cortex. Compared to sham, rTMS demonstrated improvement in balance and confidence in daily living activities. rTMS shows promise for the treatment of MdDS. However, larger trials with longer intervention periods are required.
Translating knowledge into best practice care bundles: a pragmatic strategy for EBP implementation via moving postprocedural pain management nursing guidelines into clinical practice
Authors: Saunders Hannele 
Published: March 2015

Aims and objectivesTo describe quantitative and qualitative best evidence as sources for practical interventions usable in daily care delivery in order to integrate best evidence into clinical decision‐making at local practice settings. To illustrate the development, implementation and evaluation of a pain management nursing care bundle based on a clinical practice guideline via a real‐world clinical exemplar.BackgroundSuccessful implementation of evidence‐based practice requires consistent integration of best evidence into daily clinical decision‐making. Best evidence comprises high‐quality knowledge summarised in systematic reviews and translated into guidelines. However, consistent integration of guidelines into care delivery remains challenging, partly due to guidelines not being in a usable form for daily practice or relevant for the local context.DesignA position paper with a clinical exemplar of a nurse‐led, evidence‐based quality improvement project to design, implement and evaluate a pain management care bundle translated from a national nursing guideline.MethodsA pragmatic approach to integrating guidelines into daily practice is presented. Best evidence from a national nursing guideline was translated into a pain management care bundle and integrated into daily practice in 15 medical‐surgical (med‐surg) units of nine hospitals of a large university hospital system in Finland.ConclusionsTranslation of best evidence from guidelines into usable form as care bundles adapted to the local setting may increase implementation and uptake of guidelines and improve quality and consistency of care delivery.Relevance to clinical practiceA pragmatic approach to translating a nursing guideline into a pain management care bundle to incorporate best evidence into daily practice may help achieve more consistent and equitable integration of guidelines into care delivery, and better quality of pain management and patient outcomes.
Cross‐Industry Product Diversification and Contagion in Risk and Return: The case of Bank‐Insurance and Insurance‐Bank Takeovers
Authors: Elyasiani Elyas , Staikouras Sotiris K. , Dontis‐Charitos Panagiotis 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe investigate the impact of domestic/international bancassurance deals on the risk‐return profiles of announcing and nonannouncing banks and insurers within a GARCH model. Bank‐insurance deals produce intra‐ and interindustry contagion in both risk and return, with larger deals producing greater contagion. Bidder banks and peers experience positive abnormal returns, with the effects on insurer peers being stronger than those on bank peers. Insurance‐bank deals produce insignificant excess returns for bidder and peer insurers and positive valuations for peer banks. Following the deal, the bank bidders' idiosyncratic (systematic) risk falls (increases), while insurance bidders exhibit a lower systematic risk and maintain their idiosyncratic risk.
Refugee children's play: Before and after migration to Australia
Authors: MacMillan Kelli K , Ohan Jeneva , Cherian Sarah , Mutch Raewyn C 
Published: March 2015

AimPlay is vital to children's development, health and resilience. Play modulates cognitive, emotional and social well‐being. Children constitute approximately half of all humanitarian refugee entrants resettled in Australia. Refugee children are commonly victims and witnesses of war and persecution, living across resource‐poor environs during transit. Little is known about the effects of refugee migration on play. This study explores how refugee children engaged in play pre‐migration (in their home country) and post‐migration (Australia).MethodsRefugee children attending the Refugee Health Clinic of a tertiary children's hospital were invited to complete a qualitative descriptive study of play. The children were asked to draw how they played pre‐ and post‐migration. Drawings were analysed for (i) the presence of play; (ii) location of play; and (iii) drawing detail.ResultsNineteen refugee children were recruited (mean age 8.5 years ± standard deviation 6.4 months). Significantly fewer children drew play pre‐ versus post‐migration (11/19, 58% vs. 18/19, 95% P < 0.03). Girls had greater comparative changes in play with migration (pre: 2/8, 25% vs. post: 7/8, 87%, P = 0.06), trending to significance. Of those children who drew play, almost all drew playing outside (pre‐migration: 10/11, 90.9%; post‐migration: 17/18, 94.4%). Drawings showed equivalent detail pre‐ and post‐migration.ConclusionResettled refugee children, especially girls, demonstrated limited play pre‐migration, with higher levels of engagement post‐resettlement. Facilitating opportunities for variety of play may strengthen positive resettlement outcomes for children and parents. Larger longitudinal studies examining play in refugee children and associations with physical, development and psychological well‐being are warranted.
Two different approaches for novel extracapsular cranial cruciate ligament reconstruction: an in vitro kinematics study
Authors: Cinti F. , Signorelli C. , Lopomo N. , Baracchi M. , Del Magno S. , Foglia A. , Zaffagnini S. , Pisoni L. 
Published: March 2015

OBJECTIVETo analyse the best combination of isometric points with the best kinematic results between two different approaches of TightRope® cranial cruciate ligament reconstruction.MATERIALS AND METHODSCranial drawer, cranial tibial thrust, internal/external, range of motion and varus/valgus tests were passively performed in different stifle conditions: cranial cruciate ligament‐intact/deficient, after F2‐T2/F2‐T3 TR reconstruction at 22‐44‐99 N of tension. Data were acquired by a custom‐made navigation system.RESULTSThe cranial drawer test showed recovery of laxity only at 99 N in both approaches. Significant laxity reduction (cranial tibial thrust) was present at only the F2‐T2 point. Differences were noted in internal/external and varus/valgus rotation between the cranial cruciate ligament‐intact and TightRope® stifles at all of the implant tensions. The range of motion underlined significantly lower laxity values following the F2‐T2/F2‐T3 reconstruction at all of the evaluated implant tensions.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe best isometric site was at the F2‐T2 point, however significant differences in the amount of laxity between the two techniques were limited to the cranial tibial thrust and internal/external test. The F2‐T2 technique was the best consideration for clinical application because it is relatively easy to perform, repeatable and results in good stifle stability with low morbidity and complications.
Inferring the prevalence and function of finger hyperextension inArchosauria from finger‐joint range of motion in theAmerican alligator
Authors: Hutson J. D. , Hutson K. N. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractQuadrupedal dinosaurs and other archosaurs are hypothesized to alleviate differences in height between shorter forelimbs and longer hindlimbs via digitigrady (standing on fingers). An alternative hypothesis suggests that they trend toward metacarpogrady (vertical, columnar palms with finger reduction and loss) to abandon semi‐pronated (mechanically misaligned) wrist and finger joints. Range of motion (ROM) studies provide support for the latter hypothesis by showing that some dinosaurian fingers were held hyperextended away from the palm at metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints. However, recent studies dispute traditionalMCPhyperextension characters. Moreover,in vivo ROMis assumed to be less than fossilROMbecause of the constraining influence of lost soft tissues, further implying that reports ofMCPhyperextension in fossil archosaurs may be overstated. Because crocodilian fingers reportedly hyperextend during the high walk, aROMstudy of theirMCPjoints could clarify these issues. Here a repeated‐measures analysis was used to gatherex vivofinger jointROMdata in degrees from fully fleshed to skeletonized conditions in digitIIIof theAmerican alligatorAlligator mississippiensis. Results verify thatMCPjoints hyperextend, and show that soft tissues significantly affectex vivo ROM. SkeletalROMswere greater than fleshedROMsin the three interphalangeal joints; however theMCPjoint had the opposite result after losing curved articular cartilages. These results suggest that studies of flattened metacarpo‐ and metatarsophalangeal joints in fossil archosaurs may underestimatein vivohyperextension. A comparison of characters inAlligator mississippiensisand the rauisuchidPostosuchussuggests thatPostosuchusmetacarpal adaptations represent a transitional stage toward vertical quadrupedal support with hyperextendedMCPjoints. This information provides support for the preexisting hypothesis that quadrupedal archosaurs tend to transform their wrist + palm into a rigid stilt‐like extension of the forearm, which implies that locomotor abandonment of semi‐pronated wrist/finger joints and alleviation of limb disparity evolve synchronously.
Pedal grasping in an arboreal rodent relates to above‐branch behavior on slender substrates
Authors: Youlatos D. , Karantanis N. E. , Byron C. D. , Panyutina A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn order to exploit the three‐dimensional, discontinuous and unstable arboreal milieu, most arboreal mammals employ efficient foot (pedal) grasping that establishes firm contact with the substrate and enables secure and safe locomotion and postures. Such pedal grasp can be performed in variable ways in relation to substrate characteristics. In order to investigate the interplay between pedal grasping modes, arboreal locomotor and postural behavior, and substrate size and inclination in arboreal mammals, we filmed and quantitatively analyzed these behaviors in captive African woodland dormice. Our observations revealed that African woodland dormice exhibited a flexible locomotor and postural repertoire, mainly on small and horizontal substrates. Hallucal grasping was the main pedal grasping mode and associated with walk, clamber and stand on mainly small‐ to medium‐sized horizontal substrates, whereas claws were commonly used during vertical climb and cling on medium‐sized to large vertical substrates. These results clearly demonstrate the importance of hallucal grasping for balancing above, and not below, small‐ and medium‐sized arboreal substrates of moderate inclinations. Therefore, we assert that efficient pedal grasping and its associated positional behavior may have been fundamental for the differentiation and successful radiation of virtually all early mammals that sought refuge in tree canopies, enabling efficient utilization of the small branch niche. Evidence suggests that extant arboreal rodents offer useful functional morphology evidence of the transitional stages that lead to arboreal specialists, euprimates included, and research toward this direction has much to offer to our understanding of evolutionary adaptations exhibited by small‐bodied arboreal mammals.