bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X-ray view of dissipative warm corona in active galactic nuclei
Authors: Palit B. , Różańska A. , Petrucci P. O. , Gronkiewicz D. , Barnier S. , Bianchi S. , Ballantyne D. R. , Gianolli V. E. , Middei R. , Belmont R. , Ursini F. 
Published: August 2024

Context. Detections of the X-ray spectra of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) typically reveal a noticeable excess of soft X-rays beyond the extrapolation of the power-law trend observed between 2 and 10 keV. However, the cause of this surplus remains unclear. In the scenario of soft Comptonization, observations suggest a warm corona temperature, ranging from 0.1 to 1 keV, and an optical depth of approximately 10 to 30. Furthermore, according to radiative constraints derived from spectral analyses employing Comptonization models, it has been suggested that most of the accretion power is released within the warm corona. At the same time, the disk beneath it is largely non-dissipative, mainly emitting the reprocessed radiation from the corona.
Aims. We tested the dissipative warm corona model using the radiative transfer code TITAN-NOAR on a sample of 82 XMM-Newton EPIC-pn observations of 21 AGNs. Based on a spectral modeling of the X-ray data, we aim to estimate the total amount of internal heating inside the warm corona on top of the accretion disk.
Methods. By modeling the 0.3–10 keV EPIC-pn spectra with the TITAN-NOAR model component, we estimated the internal heating and optical depth of the warm corona and checked their correlations with such global parameters as the hot corona spectral index, black hole mass, and accretion rate. From the model normalization, we computed the radial extent of the warm corona on top of the cold accretion disk.
Results. Our model infers the presence of dissipative warm corona, with optical depths distributed across the range of ∼6–30 and a total internal heating in the range of ∼1–29 × 10−23 erg s−1 cm3. We do not detect any variation between these properties and global properties, such as the black hole mass and accretion rate. The extent of the warm corona is spread across a broad range, from 7–408 gravitational radii, and we find that the warm corona is more extended for higher accretion rates.
Conclusions. Soft excess emission is ubiquitous across a wide mass range and accretion rate in AGNs. We confirm that the warm corona responsible for producing the soft X-ray excess is highly dissipative with greater optical depths being associated with lower internal heating and vice versa. The cold standard accretion disk regulates the extent of the warm corona.
Thermosphere model assessment for geomagnetic storms from 2001 to 2023
Authors: Bruinsma Sean , Laurens Sophie 
Published: August 2024

We present an updated study for thermosphere model assessment under geomagnetic storm conditions, defined when the geomagnetic index ap = 80 or larger. Comparisons between five empirical models, NRLMSISE-00, JB2008, and three versions of DTM2020, and CHAMP, GRACE, GOCE, Swarm-A, and GRACE-FO neutral density data sets for 152 storms are presented. The storms are categorized according to ap, as single peak or multiple peaks. After applying a model debiasing procedure using the density data just before the onset of a storm, the models are on average only slightly biased, often only a few percent. This is an unexpected and reassuring result for these relatively simple models, which were fitted to different observations. The standard deviations of these averages are however up to 12% (1-sigma), which places the small biases into perspective. The smallest biases are achieved at the lowest altitude when comparing with GOCE data, and the highest for GRACE. The best results, i.e. smallest bias and standard deviation on average over all single-peak storms, over the entire 4-Phase storm period are obtained with DTM2020_Intermediate and DTM2020_Research models, while the oldest model, NRLMSISE-00, is the least precise. However, NRLMSISE-00 is the least biased when compared to multiple-peak storms. As could be expected, multiple-peak storms are reproduced with less precision than single-peak storms. The assessment reveals that model precision decreases with altitude, but that bias is independent of altitude, at least in the range covered by the data, 250–550 km.
Withaphysalin Derivatives from Iochroma arborescens Induce Antiproliferative and Antimigratory Activities in vitro
Authors: de Sá Rodrigo Elísio , de Araújo Gisele Santos , Machado Fabrício dos Santos , Souza Jessica Maria Teles , Barros Ayslan Batista , Pinto Francisco das Chagas Lima , Agostinho Joana Deyse Lima , Ayala Alejandro Pedro , Marinho Filho José Delano Barreto , Pessoa Otília Deusdênia Loiola , Araújo Ana Jérsia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWithanolides are steroidal lactones commonly found in plants of the Solanaceae family that have significant medicinal value. In this study, three withanolides extracted from Iochroma arborescens leaves were isolated and characterized. These included withaphysalin F (3) and two newly identified epimeric compounds: 18R- and 18S-O-methyl-withaphysalin F (1 and 2). Their structures were elucidated by NMR, IR, MS, CD, and X-ray diffraction analysis, and their potential against cell proliferation and migration was investigated. The cytotoxic assay revealed activity against different tumor and non-tumor cell lines. (18S)-O-methyl-withaphysalin F (2) presented cell death effects after at least 6 hours of exposure. MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to 0.06 and 0.6 µM of (18S)-O-methyl-withaphysalin F (2), and reductions in cell adhesion, migration, and clonogenicity were observed. Morphological
analysis revealed negative regulation in filopodia, salience, and roughness, as well as alterations in cellular microarchitecture. These results provide clues as to the effects of (18S)-O-methyl-withaphysalin F (2), allowing new molecular modifications to improve potency and selectivity and increase our antineoplastic arsenal.
A Comprehensive Approach to C3a-Aryl-Substituted Hydroindole Alkaloids by Utilizing Enantioselective Gold Catalysis
Authors: Czekelius Constantin , Yu Jhen Kuei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA diversity-oriented total synthesis for Amaryllidaceae alkaloids incorporating the frequently found C3a-arylated hydroindole moiety was developed. Chiral-anion-induced gold(I) catalysis was employed for the cyclization of 1,4-diynes to the pyrrolidine and the installation of the all-carbon quaternary stereocenter. Both enantiomeric series of crinine-type alkaloids in high enantiopurity were accessible by this methodology. The formal synthesis of a wide range of Amaryllidaceae alkaloids is described, such as (+)-vitattine, (–)-epi-vitattine, (–)-elwesein, (–)-epi-elwesein, (–)-crinine, (–)-epi-crinine, (–)-buphanisine, (–)-flexinine, and (+)-gracilamine.
Imaging in Interventional Radiology: Applications of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound
Authors: HonShideler Curtis , Coffin Breyen , Guez David 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis review explores the applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in interventional radiology, focusing on its role in endoleak detection after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR), periprocedural thermal ablation guidance, and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). CEUS offers a dynamic assessment for the detection of endoleak following EVAR, facilitating accurate diagnosis and classification. In periprocedural thermal ablation, CEUS enhances target lesion delineation with the visualization of real-time perfusion changes, optimizing treatment strategies and reducing residual tumor rates. Finally, CEUS has demonstrated efficacy in intraprocedural evaluation and postprocedural follow-up in TACE for HCC, offering early detection of residual tumor enhancement and providing an alternative for patients with contraindications to contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Overall, CEUS is a versatile and valuable tool with many applications to offer interventional radiologists enhanced diagnostic capabilities and improved patient management.
Imaging for Hemorrhoidal Disease: Navigating Rectal Artery Embolization from Planning to Follow-up
Authors: Lindquist Jonathan , Hart James , Marchak Katherine , Bent Robinson Eduardo , Trivedi Premal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHemorrhoid disease is very common, affecting greater than one-third of adults. Conservative management and several office-based procedures are useful in the treatment of internal hemorrhoids. Patients with refractory hemorrhoid disease have traditionally been treated with surgical hemorrhoidectomy. Rectal artery embolization has emerged as an alternative to surgical hemorrhoidectomy and has been shown to be safe and effective in case series and clinical trials completed over the past decade. Embolization has significantly less postprocedure pain when compared with surgical hemorrhoidectomy with similar outcomes. Pre- and postprocedure imaging are not routinely performed. Intraprocedural imaging consists of selective catheterization of the superior rectal arteries from the inferior mesenteric artery, and the middle rectal arteries from the internal iliac artery. The inferior rectal artery is seldom embolized due to the supply of the levator ani muscle and skin. To date, intermediate and large particles and fibered and nonfibered coils have been used successfully.
A pragmatic data processing system for large resistive sensor arrays
Authors: Sun X. , Zhang M. 
Published: August 2024

Large resistive sensor arrays (RSAs) show great potential in tactile perception. However, the large number of sensors can result in great hardware overhead and bring difficulties for acquiring and processing mass data timely in transient measurement applications. This paper implements a field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based data processing system for a large RSA of 96 × 96, which shows good power consumption and high-speed wireless data update. For crosstalk-free measure, the zero potential method is improved with bus switches, leading to fewer operational amplifiers required and less negative power consumption. A real-time embedded data processing system is realized by FPGA for excellent parallel processing ability. A high-speed wireless transfer scheme with automatic regulated transfer size is proposed and realized by a wireless fidelity module, which allows timely data analysis at the remote end. Moreover, fault identification of RSAs fabricated by micro-electromechanical system technology is achieved. Tests carried out on a 32 × 32 RSA show that the total power consumption is 2209 mW, including 1261 mW of processors and 948 mW of readout circuits, corresponding to 2.15 mW/pixel. The total negative power consumption of 549 mW has been reduced by 50% compared with the zero potential method. The scanning speed is 400 fps, and the wireless transfer speed is up to 120 fps when the transceiver and receiver are 5 m apart.
Elucidating phonon dephasing mechanisms in layered perovskites with coherent Raman spectroscopies
Authors: Gan Zijian , Gloor Camryn J. , Yan Liang , Zhong Xiaowei , You Wei , Moran Andrew M. 
Published: August 2024

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite quantum wells exhibit electronic structures with properties intermediate between those of inorganic semiconductors and molecular crystals. In these systems, periodic layers of organic spacer molecules occupy the interstitial spaces between perovskite sheets, thereby confining electronic excitations to two dimensions. Here, we investigate spectroscopic line broadening mechanisms for phonons coupled to excitons in lead-iodide layered perovskites with phenyl ethyl ammonium (PEA) and azobenzene ethyl ammonium (AzoEA) spacer cations. Using a modified Elliot line shape analysis for the absorbance and photoluminescence spectra, polaron binding energies of 11.2 and 17.5 meV are calculated for (PEA)2PbI4 and (AzoEA)2PbI4, respectively. To determine whether the polaron stabilization processes influence the dephasing mechanisms of coupled phonons, five-pulse coherent Raman spectroscopies are applied to the two systems under electronically resonant conditions. The prominence of inhomogeneous line broadening mechanisms detected in (AzoEA)2PbI4 suggests that thermal fluctuations involving the deformable organic phase broaden the distributions of phonon frequencies within the quantum wells. In addition, our data indicate that polaron stabilization primarily involves photoinduced reorganization of the organic phases for both systems, whereas the impulsively excited phonons represent less than 10% of the total polaron binding energy. The signal generation mechanisms associated with our fifth-order coherent Raman experiments are explored with a perturbative model in which cumulant expansions are used to account for time-coincident vibrational dephasing and polaron stabilization processes.
Silver vanadate nanoparticles: Green synthesis, enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity
Authors: Prakruthi R. , Deepakumari H. N. , Revanasiddappa H. D. , Alfaisal Faisal M. , Alam Shamshad , Majdi Hasan Sh. , Amir khan Mohammad , Ukkund Shareefraza J. 
Published: August 2024

Nanotechnology provides a very good chance to research and develop multipurpose nanomaterials because of their smaller size, larger surface area, low cost, and nanoscale materials, which are auspicious tools for many biological applications. The AgVO3 nanoparticle synthesis employing plant extract has offered an eco-friendly alternative for the industry. Literature survey shows that no research has been performed on AgVO3 using jackfruit; hence, we prepared AgVO3 using jackfruit extract as a reducing agent by a simple, easy, and eco-friendly precipitation method. The characterization techniques used for synthesized AgVO3 nanoparticles were x-ray diffraction analysis, which determines the monoclinic structure of synthesized AgVO3 nanoparticles; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which shows the bonding of V–O–V; and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectra (EDS), which confirm the size, shape, purity, and elemental composition. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis confirms the pore size, pore volume, and surface area of synthesized AgVO3 nanoparticles, Raman studies show the crystalline property, and UV–Vis studies give information about the material’s formation and optical properties. The bandgap was calculated to be 2.54 eV. Furthermore, the photocatalytic studies show 98.14% degradation in 180 min using MB dye. We also performed scavenger studies for detection of OH· radicals and recyclability. Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) micro-organisms were used to determine the antimicrobial characteristics. The full analysis verifies AgVO3’s antibacterial activity against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as its excellent photocatalytic activities for the degradation of the organic dye methylene blue with a high degree of recyclability.
Enhancing terahertz magneto-optical effects in wafer-scale RIG single crystal thick films with anti-reflective coatings for improved transmittance
Authors: Xue Qiang , Zhang Yuan-Jing , Yang Qing-Hui , Zhang Huai-Wu , Wen Qi-Ye 
Published: August 2024

Wafer-scale rare-earth iron garnet (RIG) single crystal thick films were fabricated on 3-in. gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrates using liquid phase epitaxy. The terahertz transmittance of the RIG crystals improved after removing the GGG substrate by polishing. The time-domain spectra at Terahertz (THz) frequencies indicate the existence of a magneto-optical effect in RIG samples. The results indicate that the RIG samples exhibit a high refractive index of ∼4.50 within the 0.1–1.0 THz frequency range, a transmittance of around 40%, and an absorption rate of only 10–50 cm−1. The Faraday rotation angles of the thick single-crystal films of the RIG samples were measured using a THz-TDS system. The RIG has a thickness of ∼330 μm. The Faraday rotation angles of RIG crystals at THz frequencies can reach up to 16° when an external magnetic field of 0.18 T is applied. The Verdet constants of the RIG sample were calculated to be ∼120°/mm/T. To improve the transmittance of the RIG sample, epoxy resin and polymethylpentene (TPX) were used as anti-reflective films. The transmittance of the RIG sample increased by ∼5% for the 80 μm thick epoxy and about 10% for the 320 μm thick TPX. Therefore, this RIG single crystal thick film can achieve a low loss, a high transmittance, and a strong magneto-optical effect in the terahertz region with the cooperation of a reflection-reducing film. It is expected to have wide applications in terahertz magnetic polarization conversion, non-reciprocal phase shifters, and isolators.
Effect of cooling rates and equilibration times on post-thaw sperm quality of Kail rams
Authors: Hameed Nasir , Zubair Muhammad , Ahmad Nasim , Durrani Aneela Zameer , Khan Muhammad Irfan-ur-Rehman 
Published: August 2024

Context The conflicting findings regarding the impact of equilibration time on post-thawed sperm quality underscore the need for further research to evaluate the impact of equilibration time and cooling rate on post-thaw sperm quality of ram semen. Aims The current study aimed to assess the combined impact of cooling rates and pre-freezing equilibration times on post-thaw sperm quality in Kail ram semen (n = 5). Methods Semen collection was performed using an artificial vagina at 42°C. The pooled semen was divided into equal aliquots and subjected to either slow cooling (SC, −0.27°C/min) or moderate cooling (MC, −0.36°C/min) rates, transitioning from 37°C to 4°C. Equilibration times of 0, 4, 8, and 12 h were employed before freezing. Key results Semen samples undergoing the SC rate and equilibrated for 4 h exhibited higher (P < 0.05) percentages of progressive motile (PM), rapid progressive (RP), and medium progressive (MP) sperm compared with the MC rate. However, total motility remained unaffected by the cooling rate (P < 0.05). Semen equilibrated for 4 h demonstrated higher (P < 0.05) percentages of PM and RP sperm, as well as improved kinematics (curvilinear velocity, average path velocity, and straight-line velocity) compared with other equilibration times. Nevertheless, equilibration time had no (P > 0.05) impact on the amplitude of the lateral head displacement for semen samples subjected to the MC rate. Notably, the cooling rate did not affect post-thaw sperm kinematics, plasma membrane integrity, or live-sperm percentage (P > 0.05). Semen samples equilibrated for 4, 8, and 12 h exhibited a higher (P < 0.05) percentage of sperm with intact plasma membrane and viability than did those equilibrated for 0 h. Conclusions In conclusion, slow cooling rate and a 4 h equilibration period were shown to be optimal for preserving post-thaw sperm quality in Kail rams. Implications The findings highlighted the combined effect of cooling rate and equilibration time on post-thaw sperm quality for optimising sperm cryopreservation protocols in the context of ram semen.
Associations between antibacterial mouthwash use with sexual behaviours and sexually transmitted infections among Chinese men who have sex with men: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hu Yawu , Zhao Rui , Li Gaixia , Liu Yi , Lu Fang , She Bingyang , Zhao Min , Zhang Lei 
Published: August 2024

Background Mouthwash is a commonly used product with the potential to prevent STIs. This study aimed to determine the association between mouthwash use frequency with sexual behaviours and STIs among Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among MSM in Xi’an, China, from January to September 2022. Participants were categorised into non-mouthwash users, occasional (used it less than once every week) and frequent (used it more than once every week) mouthwash users. Multinomial logistic regression was performed to identify the association between mouthwash use frequency with sexual behaviours. Results Of 838 MSM included in the analysis, 621 (74.11%) reported never using mouthwash, whereas 47 (5.60%) used it occasionally and 170 (20.29%) used it frequently. Frequent mouthwash users had a lower prevalence of chlamydia compared with occasional users (8.33% vs 23.93%, P < 0.05). In comparison with participants who consistently used condoms, those who used condoms occasionally and never used condoms were 1.8 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.838, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.011–3.375) and 4.5 (aOR 4.538, 95% CI 1.259–16.362) times more likely to be frequent mouthwash users, respectively. Participants with more sexual partners who engaged in kissing (aOR 1.060, 95% CI 1.019–1.103), receptive oral sex (aOR 1.065, 95% CI 1.024–1.108), insertive oral sex (aOR 1.043, 95% CI 1.014–1.072) and receptive anal sex (aOR 1.076, 95% CI 1.027–1.127) were more likely to be frequent mouthwash users. Conclusion MSM with more sexual partners or lower condom use frequency were more likely to be frequent mouthwash users. However, frequent mouthwash users had a lower chlamydia prevalence.
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Lu-177 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 177Lu to include the 2023 result of the CMI (Czechia)
Authors: Coulon Romain , Michotte Carine , Courte Sammy , Nonis Manuel , Gressier Vincent , Sochorová Jana , Auerbach Pavel 
Published: August 2024

Main text
Since 2000, 8 laboratories have submitted 8 samples of 177Lu to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)- K1.Lu-177. Recently, the CMI (Czechia) participated in the comparison. The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR or linked to the SIR from the CCRI(II)-K2.Lu-177 comparison have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical representation is also given.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).