bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Enamel Bevel on the Clinical Performance of Resin Composite Restorations Placed in Non‐carious Cervical Lesions
Authors: Costa Thays Regina Ferreira Da , Loguercio Alessandro Dourado , Reis Alessandra 
Published: June 2013

AbstractStatement of the ProblemLaboratory testing of enamel bevel reports many advantages; however clinical studies on this topic are scarce and controversial.Purpose of the StudyTo evaluate the effect of enamel bevel on the retention rates of composite restorations placed in non‐carious cervical lesions (NCCLs).Materials and MethodsForty‐two patients with more than 20 teeth in occlusion and having at least two NCCLs participated in this study. The cavities were divided into non‐beveled (control) and beveled (short bevel [45°, 1–2 mm long] prepared with a diamond bur) groups. The NCCLs were restored with the 2‐step etch‐and‐rinse adhesive ExciTE and the resin composite 4 Seasons (Ivoclar Vivadent). Eight‐four restorations were placed and evaluated at baseline, after 6 and 12 months according to the modified U.S. Public Health Service criteria.ResultsThe 12‐month retention rates (95% confidence interval) for the beveled (91% [77–97%]) and non‐beveled [88% (73–95%)] groups were similar. No significant differences were detected between groups in other criteria (Fisher test, p > 0.05). No significant differences were detected in the same group compared across different recall times (McNemar test, p > 0.05).ConclusionEnamel beveling may not be clinically relevant for the retention of composite restorations in NCCLs after 12 months.Clinical SignificanceBeveling enamel margins may not be necessary in NCCL restorations restored with the 2‐step etch‐and‐rinse systems.
A Methodological Study for Optimizing Material Selection in Sustainable Product Design
Authors: Tambouratzis Tatiana , Karalekas Dimitris , Moustakas Nikolaos 
Published: June 2013

SummaryA computational intelligence‐based identification of the properties of maximally sustainable materials for a given application, as derived from key properties of existing candidate materials, is put forward. The correlation surface between material properties (input) and environmental impact (EI) values (output) of the candidate materials is initially created using general regression (GR) artificial neural networks (ANNs). Genetic algorithms (GAs) are subsequently employed for swiftly identifying the minimum point of the correlation surface, thus exposing the properties of the maximally sustainable material. The ANN is compared to and found to be more accurate than classic polynomial regression (PR) interpolation/prediction, with sensitivity and multicriteria analyses further confirming the stability of the proposed methodology under variations in the properties of the materials as well as the relative importance values assigned to the input properties. A nominal demonstration concerning material selection for manufacturing maximally sustainable liquid containers is presented, showing that by appropriately picking the pertinent input properties and the desired material selection criteria, the proposed methodology can be applied to a wide range of material selection tasks.
Transformational leadership and performance: An experimental investigation of the mediating effects of basic needs satisfaction and work engagement
Authors: Kovjanic Snjezana , Schuh Sebastian C. , Jonas Klaus 
Published: June 2013

The aim of the present research was to integrate and extend theorizing on transformational leadership, self‐determination, and work engagement. Specifically, we tested experimentally our hypotheses that the satisfaction of followers' basic psychological needs (i.e., for competence, relatedness, and autonomy) and work engagement mediate the relationship between transformational leadership and performance. A total of 190 participants worked on a brainstorming task under either a transformational or a non‐transformational leadership condition. Followers' performance was operationalized through quantity, quality, and persistence. Results revealed that satisfaction of the needs for competence and relatedness mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement, which, in turn, was positively related to quality, quantity, and persistence. Taken together, these findings are largely in line with our theoretical model and support Bass' (Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York, NY: Free Press, 1985) and Burns' (Leadership. New York: Harper & Row, 1978) theories on needs satisfaction being a central mechanism behind transformational leadership.Practitioner points

The results of this study suggest that organizations can benefit from implementing measures to increase employees' work engagement, because this can enhance employees' performance.

Furthermore, the study provides an indication of how to design such measures. It suggests that initiatives focusing on followers' basic psychological needs satisfaction (especially of the needs for competence and relatedness) are particularly effective.

Finally, our findings indicate that transformational leadership is one concrete way to foster employees' needs satisfaction and, consequently, work engagement and performance. Hence, integrating the frameworks of transformational leadership and followers' psychological needs can provide valuable insights for leadership development.
Association of cell adhesion molecule gene polymorphisms with recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Alkhateeb Asem , Karasneh Jumana , Abbadi Hebah , Hassan Ahmad , Thornhill Martin 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundRecurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral ulcerative condition. At ulcer sites vascular adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1), E‐selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) are strongly expressed on blood vessels, and ICAM‐1 is expressed on keratinocytes. Expression of these molecules would promote leukocyte accumulation and invasion of the epithelium. Thus, polymorphisms in these candidate genes might contribute to RAS susceptibility. We investigated whether the inheritance of specific selectin, ICAM and VCAM gene polymorphisms is associated with RAS susceptibility.MethodsNinety‐six RAS cases and 153 controls were recruited from a Jordanian population. Blood was collected for hematological investigations and genotyping. Six SNPs were genotyped: E‐selectin rs5361 and rs1805193, L‐selectin, rs2205849, ICAM‐1 rs5498, ICAM‐5 rs885743 and VCAM‐1 rs1800821. Association was determined using chi‐square and binary logistic regression analysis after correcting for confounding factors. Linkage disequilibrium was determined using the EH program, and the Phase 2.1 program was used to construct and compare haplotypes between cases and controls.ResultsThere was a significant association of the A allele (Pcorr = 0.027), AA and AC genotypes (OR = 10.9 and 9.0, respectively) of the E‐selectin rs5361 gene polymorphism and TAA haplotype (rs2205849, rs5361, and rs1805193, respectively; P = 0.03) with RAS. None of the other SNPs showed a significant association.ConclusionsThis is the first report to link inheritance of the A allele, AA and AC genotypes of the E‐selectin rs5361 polymorphism with increased risk of RAS. Further studies in different patient cohorts are needed to confirm the association, and functional analyses might clarify the biological significance of the association.
Tuite, γ‐Ca3(PO4)2, formed by chlorapatite decomposition in a shock vein of the Suizhou L6 chondrite
Authors: Xie Xiande , Zhai Shuangmeng , Chen Ming , Yang Hexiong 
Published: June 2013

AbstractTuite, γ‐Ca3(PO4)2, was first discovered as the high‐pressure phase of whitlockite in shock veins of the Suizhou L6 meteorite. This study reports the finding of tuite in a shock vein of the same Suizhou chondrite as a product of decomposition of chlorapatite, where it coexists with coarse‐grained ringwoodite, majorite, lingunite, fine‐grained majorite‐pyrope solid solution, and magnesiowüstite. Moreover, we also successfully synthesized tuite with a multianvil apparatus from chlorapatite at 15 GPa and 1573 K over 24 h. Both natural and synthetic tuite crystals were examined by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope, electron microprobe analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Our results suggest that the Na2O, MgO, and Cl contents in natural tuite may serve as good indicators for distinguishing the precursor phosphate mineral, chlorapatite or whitlockite.
Systematic review of lifestyle interventions to limit postpartum weight retention: implications for future opportunities to prevent maternal overweight and obesity following childbirth
Authors: van der Pligt P. , Willcox J. , Hesketh K. D. , Ball K. , Wilkinson S. , Crawford D. , Campbell K. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryPostpartum weight retention can predict future weight gain and long‐term obesity. Moreover, failure to lose weight gained during pregnancy can lead to increased body mass index for subsequent pregnancies, increasing the risk of adverse maternal and foetal pregnancy outcomes. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions aimed at reducing postpartum weight retention. Seven electronic databases were searched for intervention studies and trials enrolling women with singleton pregnancies and published in English from January 1990 to October 2012. Studies were included when postpartum weight was a main outcome and when diet and/or exercise and/or weight monitoring were intervention components. No limitations were placed on age, body mass index or parity. Eleven studies were identified as eligible for inclusion in this review, of which 10 were randomized controlled trials. Seven studies were successful in decreasing postpartum weight retention, six of which included both dietary and physical activity components, incorporated via a range of methods and delivered by a variety of health practitioners. Few studies utilized modern technologies as alternatives to traditional face‐to‐face support and cost‐effectiveness was not assessed in any of the studies. These results suggest that postpartum weight loss is achievable, which may form an important component of obesity prevention in mothers; however, the optimal setting, delivery, intervention length and recruitment approach remains unclear.
Influence of Adolescence and Obesity on the Rate of Stillbirth
Authors: Warshak Carri R. , Wolfe Katherine B. , Russell Kimberly A. , Habli Mounira , Lewis David F. , DeFranco Emily A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundWe hypothesise that the rate of stillbirth is increased in mothers younger than 18 years of age compared to adult mothers, and that obesity further increases the risk of stillbirth in this population.MethodsWe conducted a population‐based cohort study comparing rates of stillbirth between adolescent, defined as young women under the age of 18 and adult women. We then compared the rate of stillbirth in normal weight vs. obese adolescents. These effects were stratified according to gestational age. Log‐binomial regression models were used to estimate the effect of adolescence and obesity on stillbirth risk while adjusting for important confounders. Risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals [CI]were calculated.ResultsWe reviewed data from 650 760 births in Missouri between 1998 and 2005. Stillbirth rates were 6.7 and 4.1 per 1000 in adolescents and adult women, respectively (RR 1.2, 95% CI 1.03–1.5). A higher proportion of stillbirths occurred prior to 28 weeks in adolescents vs. adults (53% vs. 37% respectively, P = 0.002). The risk of stillbirth in obese adolescents was further increased over normal weight adolescents (adjusted RR [aRR] 1.7, 95% CI 1.02–2.9).ConclusionAdolescent pregnancies, particularly obese adolescents, are at an increased risk of stillbirth.
Evaluation of Methods to Determine Sperm Density for the European eel, Anguilla anguilla
Authors: Sørensen SR , Gallego V , Pérez L , Butts IAE , Tomkiewicz J , Asturiano JF 
Published: June 2013

ContentsEuropean eel, Anguilla anguilla, is a target species for future captive breeding, yet best methodology to estimate sperm density for application in in vitro fertilization is not established. Thus, our objectives were to evaluate methods to estimate European eel sperm density including spermatocrit, computer‐assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and flow cytometry (FCM), using Neubauer Improved haemocytometer as benchmark. Initially, relationships between spermatocrit, haemocytometer counts and sperm motility were analysed, as well as the effect of sperm dilution on haemocytometer counts. Furthermore, accuracy and precision of spermatocrit, applying a range of G‐forces, were tested and the best G‐force used in method comparisons. We found no effect of dilution on haemocytometer sperm density estimates, whereas motility associated positively with haemocytometer counts, but not with spermatocrit. Results from all techniques, spermatocrit, CASA and FCM, showed significant positive correlations with haemocytometer counts. The best correlation between spermatocrit and haemocytometer counts was obtained at 6000 × g (r = 0.68). Of two CASA variants, one or three photographic fields (CASA‐1 and CASA‐2), CASA‐2 showed a very high accuracy to haemocytometer counts (r = 0.93), but low precision (CV: CASA‐2 = 28.4%). FCM was tested with and without microfluorospheres (FCM‐1 and FCM‐2), and relationships to haemocytometer counts were highly accurate (FCM‐1: r = 0.94; FCM‐2: r = 0.88) and precise (CV: FCM‐1 = 2.5; FCM‐2 = 2.7%). Overall, CASA‐2 and FCM‐1 feature reliable methods for quantification of European eel sperm, but FCM‐1 has a clear advantage featuring highest precision and accuracy. Together, these results provide a useful basis for gamete management in fertilization protocols.
Lectin Histochemistry as a Tool to Identify Apoptotic Cells in the Seminiferous Epithelium of Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) Subjected to Short Photoperiod
Authors: Seco‐Rovira V , Beltrán‐Frutos E , Ferrer C , Sánchez‐Huertas MM , Madrid JF , Saez FJ , Pastor LM 
Published: June 2013

ContentsLectins have been widely used to study the pattern of cellular glycoconjugates in numerous species. In the process of cellular apoptosis, it has been observed that changes occur in the membrane sugar sequences of these apoptotic cells. The aim of our work was to identify which lectins, out of an extensive battery of the same (PNA, SBA, HPA, LTA, Con‐A, UEA‐I, WGA, DBA, MAA, GNA, AAA, SNA), show affinity for germinal cells in apoptosis, at what stage of cell death they do so and in which germinal cell types they can be detected. For this, we studied testis sections during testicular regression in Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) subjected to short photoperiod. Several lectins showed an affinity for the glycoconjugate residues of germ cells in apoptosis: Gal β1,3‐GalNAcα1, α‐d‐mannose, N‐acetylgalactosamine and l‐fucose. Furthermore, lectin specificity was observed for some specific germinal cells and in certain stages of apoptosis. It was also observed that one of these lectins (PNA) showed affinity for Sertoli cells undergoing apoptosis. Therefore, we conclude that the use of lectin histochemistry could be a very useful tool for studying apoptosis in the seminiferous epithelium because of the specificity shown towards germinal cells in pathological or experimentally induced epithelial depletion models.
Risk‐Based Approach for Microbiological Food Safety Management in the Dairy Industry: The Case of Listeria monocytogenes in Soft Cheese Made from Pasteurized Milk
Authors: Tenenhaus‐Aziza Fanny , Daudin Jean‐Jacques , Maffre Alexandre , Sanaa Moez 
Published: June 2013

According to Codex Alimentarius Commission recommendations, management options applied at the process production level should be based on good hygiene practices, HACCP system, and new risk management metrics such as the food safety objective. To follow this last recommendation, the use of quantitative microbiological risk assessment is an appealing approach to link new risk‐based metrics to management options that may be applied by food operators.Through a specific case study, Listeria monocytogenes in soft cheese made from pasteurized milk, the objective of the present article is to practically show how quantitative risk assessment could be used to direct potential intervention strategies at different food processing steps.Based on many assumptions, the model developed estimates the risk of listeriosis at the moment of consumption taking into account the entire manufacturing process and potential sources of contamination. From pasteurization to consumption, the amplification of a primo‐contamination event of the milk, the fresh cheese or the process environment is simulated, over time, space, and between products, accounting for the impact of management options, such as hygienic operations and sampling plans. A sensitivity analysis of the model will help orientating data to be collected prioritarily for the improvement and the validation of the model.What‐if scenarios were simulated and allowed for the identification of major parameters contributing to the risk of listeriosis and the optimization of preventive and corrective measures.
The method of nursing support in hospital and patients' and family members' experiences of the effectiveness of the support
Authors: Mattila Elina , Kaunonen Marja , Aalto Pirjo , Åstedt‐Kurki Päivi 
Published: June 2013

Nurses are an important source of support for patients and family members during hospitalization. It is unclear, however, what kinds of support methods are used in hospitals and how the support affects the patient and family member(s). This study describes methods of nursing support in hospital and adult patients' and their family members' experiences of this support. The data were collected in spring 2009 through essays written by and group interviews with nurses (n = 11) working at a Finnish university hospital. The data from patients (n = 9) and family members (n = 7) were collected in individual and group interviews. The material was interpreted by inductive content analysis. In their interaction with patients and family members, the hospital nurses used the methods of emotional and informational support. Patients' and family members' experiences of the effectiveness of this support were related to the establishment of a care relationship, their future outlook, mental well‐being and experiences of getting well. The evidence from this research will be useful in developing methods of nursing support for patients and family members and family‐oriented care in hospital.
Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), Anno 2013: Reframing The Comparative Method's Seminal Statements
Authors: Rihoux Benoît 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis review article examines the ways in which QCA is being (re)framed by some main authors in the field, in a context of expansion and diversification of this approach and set of techniques. Charles Ragin's seminal The Comparative Method (1987) is first synthetized in the form of eight statements which are then confronted to eight recent book‐length publications: three QCA textbooks and five methodological volumes also touching upon QCA. On the whole, it appears that most statements have been considerably refined, both conceptually and technically, whereas only one statement is not taken on board anymore. In addition, QCA is being reframed and extended in different ways beyond Charles Ragin's initial statements.
Regime Change and Conflict Recidivism within Rivalry: Interludes in Disputes
Authors: Tan Bann Seng 
Published: June 2013

AbstractHow does regime change affect the risk of militarized disputes? Within the democratic peace literature, there is disagreement over whether it is democratization, autocratization, political dissimilarity or political instability that is particularly perilous. I distinguish four perspectives from this literature and test their attendant hypotheses on a dataset of conflict episodes within enduring rivalry from 1816 to 2001 using survival analysis. I find that both democratization and autocratization reduce the hazard of dispute recurrence in enduring rivalries. After controlling for selection bias, the effect of democratization was robust whereas the effect of autocratization was not. Democratization also has the additional property of terminating rivalries; autocratization does not. Together, the results imply that democratization is better at promoting a transition from rivalry to peaceful relations than is the autocratization of a rivalry dyad.
Introducing a dexamethasone mouse model for monitoring in vivo viability of stored human platelets
Authors: Xie R. F. , Yang J. , Ren Y. N. , Fan H. H. , Qian K. C. 
Published: June 2013

SUMMARYObjectivesThe aim of this study is to establish an available animal model which can evaluate in vivo viability of stored human platelets (HuPLTs).BackgroundThe viability in vivo of HuPLTs was usually evaluated by transfusing HuPLTs into animals before clinical trials. It is necessary to develop a method which may slow down rapid clearance of HuPLTs from circulation of the animal.MethodsCarbon clearance tests were performed by treating mice with dexamethasone (DEX) to determine the phagocytic ability of the mice macrophages. HuPLTs in mice whole blood were detected by flow cytometric analysis with mouse anti‐human CD41‐fluorescein isothiocyanate monoclonal antibody. Recovery and survival of the HuPLTs stored at 22 °C for 1 day were evaluated after transfusing these HuPLTs into DEX‐treated mice, and compared with those either stored at 22 °C for 5 days or at 4 °C for 1 day.ResultsCorrected phagocytic indexes of DEX‐treated mice decreased significantly compared with those of control mice (P < 0·05). The recovery after 24 h and survival time of fresh HuPLTs in DEX‐treated mice were much higher than those in control mice (P < 0·01). After transfused into the DEX‐treated mice, HuPLTs stored either at 22 °C for 5 days or at 4 °C for 1 day showed decrease in recovery and survival compared with those stored at 22 °C for 1 day (P < 0·05).ConclusionDexamethasone slows down the rate of HuPLTs clearance efficiently in mouse circulation. And the DEX‐treated mouse model was able to evaluate the in vivo viability of stored HuPLTs.
A data‐driven approach to patient blood management
Authors: Cohn Claudia S. , Welbig Julie , Bowman Robert , Kammann Susan , Frey Katherine , Zantek Nicole 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundPatient blood management (PBM) has become a topic of intense interest; however, implementing a robust PBM system in a large academic hospital can be a challenge. In a joint effort between transfusion medicine and information technology, we have developed three overlapping databases that allow for a comprehensive, semiautomated approach to monitoring up‐to‐date red blood cell (RBC) usage in our hospital. Data derived from this work have allowed us to target our PBM efforts.Study Design and MethodsInformation on transfusions is collected using three databases: daily report, discharge database, and denominator database. The daily report collects data on all transfusions in the past 24 hours. The discharge database integrates transfusion data and diagnostic billing codes. The denominator database allows for rate calculations by tracking all patients with a hemoglobin test ordered. A set of algorithms is applied to automatically audit RBC transfusions. The transfusions that do not fit the algorithms' rules are manually reviewed. Data from audits are compiled into reports and distributed to medical directors. Data are also used to target education efforts.ResultsSince our PBM program began, the percentage of appropriate RBC orders increased from an initial 70%‐80% to 90%‐95%, and the overall RBC transfusions/1000 patient‐days has decreased by 67% in targeted areas of the hospital. Our PBM program has shaved approximately 3% from our hospital's blood budget.ConclusionOur semiautomated auditing system allows us to quickly and comprehensively analyze and track blood usage throughout our hospital. Using this technology, we have seen improvements in our hospital's PBM.