bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La souffrance animale à distance
Authors: Keck Frédéric , Ticktin Miriam 
Published: July 2015

Cet article étudie le rôle des vétérinaires dans l’humanitaire à partir de deux types de pratique : la défense des animaux contre la cruauté et la surveillance des animaux touchés par les épidémies. En suivant l’extension de l’action humanitaire aux animaux comme nouvelles figures de victimes innocentes, nous cherchons à dépasser l’approche compassionnelle de l’humanitaire pour étudier les nouvelles formes scientifiques impliquant des non-humains, comme la médecine vétérinaire légale, les neurosciences et l’immunologie. Nous soutenons finalement que ces sciences produisent de nouveaux collectifs d’humains et de non-humains.
Modeling and analysis of process configurations for solvent‐based post‐combustion carbon capture
Authors: Sharma Manish , Qadir Abdul , Khalilpour Rajab , Abbas Ali 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper investigates different configurations for solvent‐based post‐combustion carbon capture processes. The aim of this paper is to find the best process configuration for amine stripping process to be used for further study. From the literature, some of the most energy‐efficient schemes are identified and compared in different scenarios. It was found that for absorber, the two most talked about configurations worth investigating are inter‐cooling and pump‐around, while for stripper modification, rich split, lean vapor compression (LVC), and a new configuration‐phase separation heat exchanger (PSHE) have shown quite promising results, although the best way of comparison would be the techno‐economic analysis of all the configurations; from heuristics, two stand‐alone modifications for absorber, pump‐around and inter‐cooling; and three stripper modifications, rich split, LVC, and PSHE combined with absorber inter‐cooling are simulated and compared based on their energy consumption. The next step of this work will be the total cost calculation and heat integration of these schemes with power plant. © 2015 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of different ionizable groups on the thermal properties of waterborne polyurethanes used in bulletproof composites
Authors: Li Yan , Zheng Jian , Luo Yunjun , Zhou Hong , Wang Qingchun 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe thermal stability of the resin matrix is an important factor affecting the safety performance of fiber‐reinforced bulletproof composites (FRBCs) during their service period. In this study, two kinds of waterborne polyurethanes based on polyester diol (PEDL218) and isophorone diisocyanate were synthesized; these were used as the matrix of para‐aramid FRBCs. Their thermal stability and thermal decomposition behaviors in a nitrogen atmosphere were studied by dynamic thermogravimetric analysis techniques. The kinetic parameters, including the activation energy (E) and pre‐exponential factor (A), were calculated by the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose, Kissinger, and Šatava–Šesták methods. The results show that the cationic waterborne polyurethane with quaternary ammonium groups has better thermal stability than the anionic waterborne polyurethane with carboxylate groups. Their nonisothermal decomposition mechanisms were studied, and the kinetic parameters were also calculated; this will offer theoretical reference for the manufacturing and application of FRBCs based on waterborne polyurethane. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42374.
Melt processed PLA/PCL blends: Effect of processing method on phase structure, morphology, and mechanical properties
Authors: Urquijo Jon , Guerrica‐Echevarría Gonzalo , Eguiazábal José Ignacio 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTPoly(lactic acid) (PLA)‐rich poly(lactic acid)/poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PLA/PCL) blends were melt‐blended at different compositions. The compositions such as 90/10 and 80/20 were obtained using three different blending methods and processed by injection molding and hot pressing. All blends were immiscible. The crystallinity of PLA increased slightly in the presence of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), and the PCL exhibited fractionated crystallization in the presence of PLA. Injection molded specimens, compared with hot pressed specimens, presented much smaller PCL particles regardless of the blending method used. Some interfacial adhesion was observed in all cases. The stiffness of PLA/PCL blends decreased as the PCL content was increased and was independent of processing. Injection molded specimens showed ductile behavior and broke at elongation values close to 140%, while the elongation at break of the hot pressed specimens was clearly lower, most likely due to the larger size of the PCL particles. Although the impact strength of the blends remained low, it improved by approximately 200% with 30% PCL and by 350% with 40% PCL. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 42641.
Recycling carbon fiber composites using microwave irradiation: Reinforcement study of the recycled fiber in new composites
Authors: Jiang Long , Ulven Chad A. , Gutschmidt David , Anderson Michael , Balo Sloan , Lee Mitchell , Vigness Jacob 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTWith increasing use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites in transportation, sports, and many other industries, recycling of the scrap and end‐of‐life composites has presented both great challenges and opportunities. In this work, we report our study on reclaiming carbon fibers from CFRP using energy efficient microwave irradiation. Different irradiation conditions were used and the optimal conditions were determined based on the surface morphology of the recycled fiber. Polypropylene (PP) and Nylon, representing nonpolar and polar polymers, respectively, were reinforced using the recycled fiber through extrusion and injection molding. For comparison, PP and Nylon reinforced by virgin carbon fiber were also prepared using the same processing conditions. Tensile, flexural, and impact test results showed that, while both carbon fibers could improve these properties, they exhibited different reinforcing effects on the two polymers. The recycled fiber outperformed the virgin fiber in reinforcing PP whereas the virgin fiber performed better in Nylon. This was due to the differences in surface roughness, surface bonding, and fiber aspect ratio between the two fibers. This study shows the great potential of recycled carbon fiber and microwave irradiation as an effective recycling technique. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42658.
Cloning and characterization of a novel PE_PGRS60 protein (Rv3652) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv exhibit fibronectin‐binding property
Authors: Meena Laxman S. , Meena Jaishree 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe binding of pathogenic bacteria to extracellular matrix components enhances adhesion and invasion of host cells. The host receptor proteins such as fibronectin (Fn) targeted to pathogenic ligands that have clinical importance. In the present study, we cloned, expressed, purified, and identified a novel Fn‐binding protein from PE_PGRS60 (Rv3652) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. The protein product of Rv3652 showed optimum binding efficiency to 10 ng Fn at 0.2 µg purified protein of PE_PGRS60 and 20 ng Fn at 0.2 µg concentrations, respectively. PE_PGRS60 protein (primary sequences) of different pathogenic mycobacterium species retrieved from NCBI exhibited complete homology at the 104 residues on multiple sequence alignment. The primary sequence of protein from H37Rv was further used to predict cleavage signals. The secondary structure prediction method revealed a number of residues responsible for alpha helices formation and percentage of residues participating in the random coils and extended strands. In addition, online prediction tools such as B‐ and T‐cell epitopes showed the surface probability scale and antigenic propensity scale. The current finding opens new opportunity to mycobacterial survival and pathogenesis research of PE‐polymorphic GC‐rich repetitive sequences (PE‐PGRS) family proteins.
Promise and peril: Dissemination of findings from studies of drugs used in pregnancy and their association with birth defects
Authors: Patrick Stephen W. , Cooper William O. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundWhen and how to publish birth defects research can be complex, especially in the context of drugs used in pregnancy. Such research frequently involves multiple stakeholders, including regulatory agencies. Researchers must balance the potential peril of an unnecessarily panicked populace versus the benefit of protecting the public's health.MethodsWe use a case presentation and contemporary literature to highlight the potential tradeoffs that researchers must consider. We highlight important considerations including the public health impact, examining the likelihood of causality, understanding common considerations when using large data sources, the role of peer review and working in partnership with regulatory agencies.ResultsWe suggest that plans for analyses, dissemination and risk communication are done best a priori and not post hoc.ConclusionRigorous research evaluating the impact of drugs used in pregnancy, coupled with effective dissemination strategies, has the potential improve outcomes for mothers and their infants for generations. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:729–732, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental study of the characteristics of a novel mesh suture
Authors: Dumanian G A , Tulaimat A , Dumanian Z P 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background
The failure of sutures to maintain tissue in apposition is well characterized in hernia repairs. A mesh suture designed to facilitate tissue integration into and around the filaments may improve tissue hold and decrease suture pull-through.

Methods
In vitro, the sutures were compared for resistance to pull-through in ballistics gel. In vivo, closure of midline laparotomy incisions was done with both sutures in 11 female pigs. Tissue segments were subsequently subjected to mechanical and histological testing.

Results
The mesh suture had tensile characteristics nearly identical to those of 0-polypropylene suture. Mesh suture demonstrated greater resistance to pull-through than standard suture (mean(s.d.) 4·27(0·42) versus 2·23(0·48) N; P &lt; 0·001) in vitro. In pigs, the ultimate tensile strength for repaired linea alba at 8 days was higher with mesh suture (320(57) versus 160(56) N; P &lt; 0·001), as was the work to failure (24·6(14·2) versus 7·3(3·7) J; P &lt; 0·001) and elasticity (128(9) versus 72(7) N/cm; P &lt; 0·001) in comparison with 0-polypropylene suture. Histological examination at 8 and 90 days showed complete tissue integration of the mesh suture.

Conclusion
The novel mesh suture structure increased the strength of early wound healing in an experimental model. Surgical relevanceTraditional sutures have the significant drawback of cutting and pulling through tissues in high-tension closures. A new mesh suture design with a flexible macroporous outer wall and a hollow core allows the tissues to grow into the suture, improving early wound strength and decreasing suture pull-through. This technology may dramatically increase the reliability of high-tension closures, thereby preventing incisional hernia after laparotomy. As suture pull-through is a problem relevant to all surgical disciplines, numerous additional indications are envisioned with mesh suture formulations of different physical properties and materials.
Genetic profiles of cervical tumors by high‐throughput sequencing for personalized medical care
Authors: Muller Etienne , Brault Baptiste , Holmes Allyson , Legros Angelina , Jeannot Emmanuelle , Campitelli Maura , Rousselin Antoine , Goardon Nicolas , Frébourg Thierry , Krieger Sophie , Crouet Hubert , Nicolas Alain , Sastre Xavier , Vaur Dominique , Castéra Laurent 
Published: July 2015

AbstractCancer treatment is facing major evolution since the advent of targeted therapies. Building genetic profiles could predict sensitivity or resistance to these therapies and highlight disease‐specific abnormalities, supporting personalized patient care. In the context of biomedical research and clinical diagnosis, our laboratory has developed an oncogenic panel comprised of 226 genes and a dedicated bioinformatic pipeline to explore somatic mutations in cervical carcinomas, using high‐throughput sequencing. Twenty‐nine tumors were sequenced for exons within 226 genes. The automated pipeline used includes a database and a filtration system dedicated to identifying mutations of interest and excluding false positive and germline mutations. One‐hundred and seventy‐six total mutational events were found among the 29 tumors. Our cervical tumor mutational landscape shows that most mutations are found in PIK3CA (E545K, E542K) and KRAS (G12D, G13D) and others in FBXW7 (R465C, R505G, R479Q). Mutations have also been found in ALK (V1149L, A1266T) and EGFR (T259M). These results showed that 48% of patients display at least one deleterious mutation in genes that have been already targeted by the Food and Drug Administration approved therapies. Considering deleterious mutations, 59% of patients could be eligible for clinical trials. Sequencing hundreds of genes in a clinical context has become feasible, in terms of time and cost. In the near future, such an analysis could be a part of a battery of examinations along the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, helping to detect sensitivity or resistance to targeted therapies and allow advancements towards personalized oncology.
P‐glycoprotein is expressed and causes resistance to chemotherapy in EBV‐positive T‐cell lymphoproliferative diseases
Authors: Yoshimori Mayumi , Takada Honami , Imadome Ken‐Ichi , Kurata Morito , Yamamoto Kouhei , Koyama Takatoshi , Shimizu Norio , Fujiwara Shigeyoshi , Miura Osamu , Arai Ayako 
Published: July 2015

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus‐positive T‐cell lymphoproliferative diseases (EBV‐T‐LPDs) are rare lymphomas with poor prognosis. Although chemotherapeutic strategies such as CHOP have been often selected, they have exhibited only limited efficacy. To clarify the mechanism of chemoresistance, we examined P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) expression. P‐gp acts as an energy‐dependent efflux pump that excretes drugs from the cytoplasm, resulting in low‐intracellular drug concentrations and poor sensitivity to chemotherapy. We examined P‐gp expression in EBV‐positive cells by immunohistochemistry staining in three patients of EBV‐T‐LPDs and the expression was detected in all patients. We also examined mdr1 mRNA expression by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase‐chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in EBV‐positive tumor cells from these patients and additional three patients. The expression was detected in all examined patients. In five EBV‐T‐LPDs patients, P‐gp function was detected by Rhodamine‐123 efflux assay in these cells. The efflux was inhibited by treatment with a P‐gp inhibitor, cyclosporine A (CsA). We also examined and detected P‐gp expression in EBV‐positive T‐cell lines SNT8 and SNT16 established from EBV‐T‐LPDs patients, by RT‐PCR and western blotting. The function was also detected by Rhodamine‐123 efflux in these cell lines. Inhibition and knock down of P‐gp by CsA and siRNA, respectively, enhanced etoposide‐ and doxorubicin‐induced cell death in the EBV‐positive T‐cell lines. Finally, we infected the T‐cell line MOLT4 with EBV, and found that mdr1 mRNA expression and Rhodamine 123 efflux were upregulated after infection. These results indicated that enhanced P‐gp expression contributed to the chemoresistance of EBV‐T‐LPDs.
Assessment of clinical occupational dose reduction effect of a new interventional cardiology shield for radial access combined with a scatter reducing drape
Authors: Gilligan Paddy , Lynch J. , Eder H. , Maguire S. , Fox E. , Doyle B. , Casserly I. , McCann H. , Foley D. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo assess the occupational dose reduction effect of a new interventional cardiology shield for radial access combined with a scatter reducing drape.BackgroundTransradial access for catheterization has been shown to increase occupational radiation dose. Current shielding techniques are primarily based on the femoral access. This article looks at the clinical occupational combined dose reduction effect of a commercially available shield and drape which is specific to access type.MethodsThe evaluation took place in a busy interventional cardiology laboratory, with a single plane 30 × 40 cm flat panel detector (Siemens Artis Zee, Germany). Radiation exposure to staff was measured using electronic personal dosimeters (Unfors RaysafeAB, Sweden) placed at the collar. Patient radiation exposure was assessed using screening time and dose area product per case. Both staff and patient radiation exposure were monitored for a number of case types and operators before, during, and after deployment of the new shield and drapes.ResultsThe cardiologists' overall median collar badge reading per case reduced from 15.4 μSv per case without the shield/drape combination to 7.3 μSv per case with the shield drape combination in situ (P < 0.001). The radiographers badge reading was reduced from 4.2 μSv per case without to 2.5 μSv per case with the shield drape combination in situ (P < 0.001). There was no statistical difference in the cardiac technician's badge reading. Patient's dose area product was not significantly affected by the placement of the shield and drape combination.ConclusionsThe shield/drape combination can significantly reduce operator exposure in a cardiac catheterization laboratory. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Palliative balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty for infants with unrestrictive ventricular septal defect or single ventricle associated with severe pulmonary stenosis
Authors: Lizano Santamaria Ramiro W. , Gillespie Matthew J. , Dori Yoav , Rome Jonathan J. , Glatz Andrew C. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundSymptomatic infants with unrestrictive ventricular septal defect (VSD) or single ventricle with severe pulmonary stenosis (PS) are typically treated surgically. High surgical risk infants may benefit from catheter‐based palliative pulmonary valvuloplasty.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients with severe PS associated with unrestrictive VSD or single ventricle who underwent palliative pulmonary valvuloplasty as initial management and describe outcomes.ResultsFrom 2000 to 2013, 16 patients met inclusion criteria and underwent valvuloplasty at a median age and weight of 25 (range 1–352) days and 3.65 (range 2.2–12) kg. Common diagnoses included tetralogy of Fallot (50%) and double‐outlet right ventricle (25%). In all, the indication was cyanosis. Reasons to defer surgery included low weight (37.5%), preference for complex operation at older age (31.25%) and significant comorbidity (18.75%). Following valvuloplasty, significant increases in oxygen saturation (83.1 ± 8.8 vs. 74.7 ± 8.7%, P = 0.008) and QP:QS (1.6 ± 0.5 vs. 0.8 ± 0.3, P = 0.0005) occurred. All two ventricle patients (n = 10) ultimately had complete operative repair at a median of 125 (range 27–382) days after valvuloplasty, during which time there was 20.3 ± 9.2 g/day of weight gain without change in oxygen saturation. Single ventricle patients who underwent cavopulmonary connection (n = 3) had similar weight gain and palliation time, but with a decrease in oxygen saturation. Two patients required reintervention to augment QP prior to definitive repair.ConclusionsIn select infants with unrestrictive VSD or single ventricle associated with severe PS, palliative pulmonary valvuloplasty provides an effective and durable method of increasing oxygen saturation until definitive surgical treatment can be performed. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Creating Standards for First of a Kind and Unique Modular Process Plants
Authors: Bottenberg Herman 
Published: July 2015

AbstractModular plants offer the opportunity to save time and reduce development costs for market introduction of new products and processes. When designing process plants, sizing of equipment, process lines and the overall plant is determined by the process. Taking into account scale‐up factors which vary per process and type of industry most plants will have their own scale to be built at. Based on this vast variety in size and type of projects, it may be concluded that a standard module size that matches the process requirements in most cases is hard to determine. In this article an overview will be presented of different modular plant cases and the basis for standardizing these modular plants.
Simulating a Global Dynamic Supply Chain as a Market of Agents with Adaptive Bidding Strategies
Authors: Bas Gerben , Van der Lei Telli 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe use of modular plants in the chemical industry is expected to make the structure of supply chains more dynamic. The models currently used to get insight in supply chains assume a predefined supply chain structure, as orders are exogenously defined. Consequently, those models cannot grasp the dynamic nature of supply chains with modular plants. In this paper a market conceptualization based on agent‐based computational economics is presented that includes transport costs in the negotiations and enables the modeling of supply chains as structures that emerge from market dynamics. It is shown that this conceptualization can capture the market dynamics that are needed to simulate a dynamic supply chain.
Hydrothermale Karbonisierung. 4. Thermische Eigenschaften der Produkte
Authors: Kruse Andrea , Kirchherr Monika , Gaag Stefanie , Zevaco Thomas A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDie Flüchtigkeit von HTC‐Kohlen aus unterschiedlichen Biomassen und Modellsubstanzen wird mittels thermogravimetrischer Messungen verglichen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass sich Lignocellulosen und deren Karbonisate deutlich anders verhalten als Biomassen anderer Zusammensetzung. Grund hierfür ist die Verminderung des Karbonisierungsgrades von Cellulose, die in Lignocellulosen durch Lignin verursacht wird. Außerdem wurden thermisch nachbehandelte HTC‐Kohlen untersucht. Die chemischen Veränderungen durch Wasserabspaltung und Vernetzung bei Karbonisierung und Nachbehandlung konnten durch FTIR‐Messungen identifiziert werden.