bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Surfaces and Near-Surface Atmospheres of Ganymede, Europa and Callisto by JUICE
Authors: Tosi Federico , Roatsch Thomas , Galli André , Hauber Ernst , Lucchetti Alice , Molyneux Philippa , Stephan Katrin , Achilleos Nicholas , Bovolo Francesca , Carter John , Cavalié Thibault , Cimò Giuseppe , D’Aversa Emiliano , Gwinner Klaus , Hartogh Paul , Huybrighs Hans , Langevin Yves , Lellouch Emmanuel , Migliorini Alessandra , Palumbo Pasquale , Piccioni Giuseppe , Plaut Jeffrey J. , Postberg Frank , Poulet François , Retherford Kurt , Rezac Ladislav , Roth Lorenz , Solomonidou Anezina , Tobie Gabriel , Tortora Paolo , Tubiana Cecilia , Wagner Roland , Wirström Eva , Wurz Peter , Zambon Francesca , Zannoni Marco , Barabash Stas , Bruzzone Lorenzo , Dougherty Michele , Gladstone Randy , Gurvits Leonid I. , Hussmann Hauke , Iess Luciano , Wahlund Jan-Erik , Witasse Olivier , Vallat Claire , Lorente Rosario 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe present the state of the art on the study of surfaces and tenuous atmospheres of the icy Galilean satellites Ganymede, Europa and Callisto, from past and ongoing space exploration conducted with several spacecraft to recent telescopic observations, and we show how the ESA JUICE mission plans to explore these surfaces and atmospheres in detail with its scientific payload. The surface geology of the moons is the main evidence of their evolution and reflects the internal heating provided by tidal interactions. Surface composition is the result of endogenous and exogenous processes, with the former providing valuable information about the potential composition of shallow subsurface liquid pockets, possibly connected to deeper oceans. Finally, the icy Galilean moons have tenuous atmospheres that arise from charged particle sputtering affecting their surfaces. In the case of Europa, plumes of water vapour have also been reported, whose phenomenology at present is poorly understood and requires future close exploration. In the three main sections of the article, we discuss these topics, highlighting the key scientific objectives and investigations to be achieved by JUICE. Based on a recent predicted trajectory, we also show potential coverage maps and other examples of reference measurements. The scientific discussion and observation planning presented here are the outcome of the JUICE Working Group 2 (WG2): “Surfaces and Near-surface Exospheres of the Satellites, dust and rings”.
Assessment of metal(loid) and natural radionuclide pollution in surface sediments of an estuary affected by mining and phosphogypsum releases
Authors: Guerrero José Luis , Barba-Lobo Alejandro , Romero-Forte Carmen , Bolívar Juan Pedro 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe prolonged impact over the Tinto River estuary by both the significant pollution by acid mine drainage (AMD) affecting this river and the polluted releases from phosphogypsum (PG) piles has led to the severe environmental degradation of this ecosystem. The aim of this work was to assess the current environmental quality of the Tinto River estuary through the study of the spatial distribution of metal(loid)s and natural radionuclides in the surface sediments from the channel edge. The sediments contain mean concentrations 5–20 times higher than the background values for pollutants such as Zn, As, Cu, Pb, or U, and up to two orders of magnitude higher for P. The studied sediments are heavily polluted by toxic heavy metals and metalloids (Pb, Zn, Cu, and As) according to the US EPA guidelines. Most of the analyzed sediment samples are also strongly polluted by long-lived natural radionuclides, mainly U-isotopes and 210Pb with concentrations up to one order of magnitude higher than unpolluted sediments, mostly due to the contribution by the PG leachates. The enrichment factors (EF) were extremely high (EF > 50) for As and very severe enrichment (25 ≤ EF < 50) for P, Cd, Zn, Cu, and Pb.
Impact of urban land use as public bath and park lawn compared to rural meadows on soil pH, compaction, and organic carbon and nitrogen content and stock, C/N ratio
Authors: Burghardt Wolfgang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim was to show the extent to which urban soils differ from rural ones. The main focus was the effect of lawn use compared to meadow on soil properties.

Material and methods
Study sites were a public bath lawn, near a children’s pool and football goal, differently frequented public park areas, and meadows inclusive of Colluvium. Undisturbed soils were sampled. The pH, bulk density, and soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) content were determined, the SOC density and SOC and N stocks, and C/N ratio were calculated.

Results and discussion
The pH of urban soils was variable and increased with depth. The meadow soil had very low pH values. The bulk density of urban soils showed the low compaction effect of older soil deposition techniques. Differences in soil bulk density occurred due to site use intensity. The top soil of the meadows had a very low bulk density due to its high soil organic matter content. In the subsoil it increased to low to moderate values. The SOC content and density differed between the types of lawn use and were not uniform. The meadow soils were more uniform. The N content varied not only on lawn sites but also in part between meadows.

Conclusion
Soil properties between urban lawn and rural meadow soils and within the groups of these soils differ due to the mode of deposition of soil substrates and the age of soils. Similar effects on soil properties exist, depending on soil use.
Silymarin ameliorates diazinon-induced subacute nephrotoxicity in rats via the Keap1–Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway
Authors: Fath Eman Mohamed , Bakery Hatem H. , EL-Shawarby Ragab M. , Abosalem Mohamed E. S. , Ibrahim Samar S. , Ebrahim Nesrine , Hegazy Ahmed Medhat 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The goal of the current study was to clarify the potential molecular mechanism underlying the protective effects of silymarin (SIL) administration against diazinon-induced subacute nephrotoxicity, with a special emphasis on the role of the Kelch-like-associated protein-1 (Keap1)–nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)–heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway in minimizing the oxidative stress induced by diazinon (DZN).

Methods
Five equal groups of thirty adult male Wistar rats were created at random. Group 1 (G1) was maintained under typical control conditions and administered saline intragastrically (I/G) once daily for 4 weeks; G2 was administered olive oil I/G for 4 weeks; G3 was I/G administered silymarin daily for 4 weeks; G4 was I/G administered diazinon daily for 4 weeks. G5 was I/G administered silymarin daily 1 h before the I/G administration of the diazinon for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the end of the experiment for the determination of complete blood cell count, and kidney function tests. Kidney specimens were collected for the evaluation of the oxidative markers, mRNA gene expression, protein markers, and histopathological examination.

Results
SIL reduced the renal dysfunction caused by DZN by restoring urea and creatinine levels, as well as oxidative indicators. Although the expression of Keap-1 was also elevated, overexpression of Nrf2 also enhanced the expression of HO-1, a crucial target enzyme of Nrf2.

Conclusions
SIL is hypothesized to potentially aid in the prevention and management of nephrotoxicity caused by DZN.
Effects of Elevated Temperature on Agronomic, Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Potato Genotypes: 1. Agronomic and Morphological traits
Authors: Naawe Eric Kuopuobe , Köken Ibrahim , Aytekin Ramazan Ilhan , Gleku Olivet Delasi , Çalişkan Sevgi , Çalişkan Mehmet Emin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGlobal elevated temperatures create uncertainties in crop yield production and sustainability, threatening potatoes’ food security and sustainability roles. This has been among the primary research concerns necessitating the need to evaluate potato genotypes’ response to elevated temperature under field conditions. This study assessed potato genotypes’ agronomic and morphological responses to elevated temperatures. The experiments were conducted under field conditions in the 2022 and 2023 cropping seasons in a split-plot design. Two heat treatments were applied; a control treatment in which the plants received the field temperature of the experimental station, and a heat treatment in which the plants received a temperature of + 6.0–10.0 °C depending on the date and time of day. The agronomic and morphological traits evaluated included tuber yield, mean tuber weight, days to emergence, plant height, number of stems per plant, days to physiological maturity, and tuber size distribution. The results showed significant (P < 0.01) variations in the potato genotypes in response to elevated temperature in all traits except days to emergence. Elevated temperature promoted plant height by 36.94%, and days to physiological maturity by 2.55%, while reducing the number of stems per plant by 11.77% and days to emergence by 2.31%. Furthermore, elevated temperature increased total tuber yield by 25.38%, the number of tubers per plant by 18.75%, mean tuber weight by 8.89%, third-class tuber size distribution by 25.95% and malformed tuber ratio by 1.98%, while decreasing first-class tuber size distribution by 10.11%, second-class size distribution by 1.70% and marketable tuber yield by 4.22%. The results of this study demonstrated the impact of heat stress on potato tuber yield and size distribution. The study showed that temperatures around 27.0 °C to 33.0 °C effectively promoted total tuber yield, number of tubers per plant and mean tuber weight; thus, an increase in temperature within the effective range of potato plants promoted yield and yield-related components. This study demonstrates that open-sided field chambers can be a screening tool for heat tolerance of potato genotypes under field conditions. Potato genotypes with less variation in the traits between the heat and control treatment demonstrate heat tolerance and could be used as selection markers for heat-tolerant genotypes.
Urban-rural differences in the desired number of children in Austria 1986–2021
Authors: Riederer Bernhard , Setz Ingrid , Buber-Ennser Isabella 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on the development of urban-rural differences in the desired number of children in Austria over a 35-year period. Guided by the theory of the Second Demographic Transition, we analyse representative data from a special module added to the Austrian Microcensus/Labour Force Survey approximately every five years between 1986 and 2021. Our empirical analysis confirms urban-rural differences in the desired number of children. In addition, we find evidence of convergence, primarily driven by a decline in the desired number of children in rural regions. Our results further suggest that postponement of parenthood may have led to adaptive processes decisive for this decline. We show that changes in living arrangements, female education and employment have contributed to both developments of the desired number of children and urban-rural differences. Thus, our paper not only contributes to the understanding of how social change affects demographic behaviours, but also adds to the growing body of research demonstrating the continuing relevance of urban-rural differences for current debates about family change.
The Role of Preoperative Abdominal Ultrasound in the Preparation of Patients Undergoing Primary Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Machine Learning Algorithm on 4418 Patients’ Records
Authors: Hany Mohamed , Shafei Mohamed El , Ibrahim Mohamed , Agayby Ann Samy Shafiq , Abouelnasr Anwar Ashraf , Aboelsoud Moustafa R. , Elmongui Ehab , Torensma Bart 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
The utility of preoperative abdominal ultrasonography (US) in evaluating patients with obesity before metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) remains ambiguously defined.

Method
Retrospective analysis whereby patients were classified into four groups based on ultrasound results. Group 1 had normal findings. Group 2 had non-significant findings that did not affect the planned procedure. Group 3 required additional or follow-up surgeries without changing the surgical plan. Group 4, impacting the procedure, needed further investigations and was subdivided into 4A, delaying surgery for more assessments, and 4B, altering or canceling the procedure due to critical findings. Machine learning techniques were utilized to identify variables.

Results
Four thousand four hundred eighteen patients’ records were analyzed. Group 1 was 45.7%. Group 2, 35.7%; Group 3, 17.0%; Group 4, 1.5%, Group 4A, 0.8%; and Group 4B, 0.7%, where surgeries were either canceled (0.3%) or postponed (0.4%). The hyperparameter tuning process identified a Decision Tree classifier with a maximum tree depth of 7 as the most effective model. The model demonstrated high effectiveness in identifying patients who would benefit from preoperative ultrasound before MBS, with training and testing accuracies of 0.983 and 0.985. It also showed high precision (0.954), recall (0.962), F1 score (0.958), and an AUC of 0.976.

Conclusion
Our study found that preoperative ultrasound demonstrated clinical utility for a subset of patients undergoing metabolic bariatric surgery. Specifically, 15.9% of the cohort benefited from the identification of chronic calculous cholecystitis, leading to concomitant cholecystectomy. Additionally, surgery was postponed in 1.4% of the cases due to other findings. While these findings indicate a potential benefit in certain cases, further research, including a cost–benefit analysis, is necessary to fully evaluate routine preoperative ultrasound’s overall utility and economic impact in this patient population.

Graphical Abstract
(Un)intended spillovers of green government policies: The case of plastic regulations
Authors: van Doorn Jenny , Risselada Hans , Rizio Stephanie M. , Ye Mengfei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractGovernments enact various regulations to decrease the use of plastic. This raises the question of whether the effectiveness of such measures is restricted to the realm of the plastic products being regulated, or whether and how it ‘spills over’ on to the use of other plastic products. Leveraging scanner and survey data across 22 countries, the authors show that a ban or a charge on plastic bags strengthens descriptive social norms to avoid plastic, which in turn curbs the purchasing and use of plastic bottles, as well as of other plastics. Yet there is also a dark side to charging consumers for plastic bags, as a negative cueing effect can lower concerns about plastic pollution and make consumers less vigilant about their use of other plastic products. Taken together, this research shows that government regulation aimed at changing small common behaviors potentially has a much larger impact via spillover effects.
Complexity of 2-Rainbow Total Domination Problem
Authors: Šumenjak Tadeja Kraner , Tepeh Aleksandra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we extend the findings of recent studies on k-rainbow total domination by placing our focus on its computational complexity aspects. We show that the problem of determining whether a graph has a 2-rainbow total dominating function of a given weight is NP-complete. This complexity result holds even when restricted to planar graphs. Along the way tight bounds for the k-rainbow total domination number of rooted product graphs are established. In addition, we obtain the closed formula for the k-rainbow total domination number of the corona product $$G*H$$

G

∗
H

, provided that H has enough vertices.
Photoelastic measurements and evaluation methods for edge stress in architectural tempered glass
Authors: Efferz Lena , Schuler Christian , Siebert Geralt 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe mechanical and safety-relevant properties of tempered architectural glass are tested using destructive bending strength and fracture pattern tests. The edge stress provides essential information on the quality of the tempering process and can, therefore, be used to ensure quality characteristics. The paper shows that the current valid evaluation method for edge stress, according to ASTM C 1279-09, is unsuitable for architectural glass. The chamfer which is required for tempered glass by the European standards for tempered glass prevents the direct measurement of retardation and edge stress. Therefore, an extrapolation of the retardation curve towards the edge is necessary. The paper compares fitting functions of different polynomial degrees to determine and assess the edge stress. The objective is to develop a proper evaluation method of edge stress for quality control in the latest inline measurement systems which can be applied to replace operator-dependent measuring devices. The study presents appropriate methods and evaluates them through experimental investigations using the phase shift technique and multiple wavelength photoelasticity.
Logarithmic refinements of a power weighted Hardy–Rellich-type inequality
Authors: Gesztesy Fritz , Pang Michael M. H. , Stanfill Jonathan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe principal purpose of this note is to prove a logarithmic refinement of the power weighted Hardy–Rellich inequality on n-dimensional balls, valid for the largest variety of underlying parameters and for all dimensions $$n \in {\mathbb {N}}$$

n
∈
N

, $$n\ge 2$$

n
≥
2

.
A review on dynamic pharmacological potency and multifaceted biological activities of propolis
Authors: Bhatti Neelam , Hajam Younis Ahmad , Mushtaq Saresh , Kaur Lovepreet , Kumar Rajesh , Rai Seema 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis review explores the therapeutic potential of propolis, a natural resin produced by bees, by analyzing recent literature spanning from 2005 to 2023. Various databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, SCOPUS, and WoS were searched to uncover recent findings. Propolis exhibits a diverse array of pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and wound-healing effects. It shows promise in treating respiratory infections, oral diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, and skin conditions. Additionally, recent research suggests its potential as an anticancer agent. The review also investigates efficacy of propolis in addressing antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, gastrointestinal diseases, metabolic disorders (diabetes), reproductive disorder (PCOS), cardiovascular diseases, hepatotoxicity, and wound healing properties of propolis. Hence, propolis could emerge as a natural remedy with significant potential for enhancing healthcare outcomes.
The ethico-politics of design toolkits: responsible AI tools, from big tech guidelines to feminist ideation cards
Authors: Hollanek Tomasz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper interrogates the belief in toolkitting as a method for translating AI ethics theory into practice and assesses the toolkit paradigm’s effect on the understanding of ethics in AI research and AI-related policy. Drawing on a meta-review of existing ‘toolkit-scoping’ work, I demonstrate that most toolkits embody a reductionist conception of ethics and that, because of this, their capacity for facilitating change is limited. Then, I analyze the features of several ‘alternative’ toolkits–informed by feminist theory, posthumanism, and critical design–whose creators recognize that ethics cannot become a box-ticking exercise for engineers, while the ethical should not be dissociated from the political. This analysis then serves to provide suggestions for future toolkit creators and users on how to meaningfully adopt the toolkit format in AI ethics work without overselling its transformative potential: how different stakeholders can draw on the myriad of tools to achieve socially desirable results but reject the oversimplification of ethical practice that many toolkits embody.
Designing 3D-printed concrete structures with scaled fabrication models
Authors: Zhi Yefan , Teng Teng , Akbarzadeh Masoud 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article proposes using scaled fabrication models to assist the design research of 3D-printed discrete concrete structures where full-scale fabrication tests are costly and time-consuming. A scaled fabrication model (SFM) is a scaled model 3D-printed the same way as in actual construction to reflect its fabrication details and acquire alike layer line textures. The components of a 1:10 SFM can be easily produced by consumer-level desktop 3D printers with minimal modification. SFMs assist the design communication and make possible quick tests of distinct fabrication designs that are hard to assess in digital modeling during the conceptual design phase. A case study of a discrete compression-dominant funicular floor derived from graphic statics is presented to illustrate the contribution of SFM to the design research of force-informed toolpathing where the printing direction of a component is aligned to the principal stress line. The design iterations encompass a sequence of component, partial, and full model SFM printing tests to explore and optimize the fabrication schemes where parallel, non-parallel, and creased slicing methods to create toolpaths are compared and chosen to adapt different discrete components.
Clinical data on treatment regimen and use of medication among patients with hemophilia B in Korea
Authors: Park Young Shil , Park Ji Kyoung , Park Jeong A , Baek Hee Jo , Lee Jae Hee , You Chur Woo , Lyu Chuhl Joo , Choi Eun Jin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
To investigate the clinical treatment status, such as treatment regimen, bleeding events, and drug dose, in patients with hemophilia B in South Korea.

Methods
In this retrospective chart review, data of patients with hemophilia B from eight university hospitals were collected. Demographic and clinical data, treatment data, such as regimen and number of injections, dose of factor IX concentrate, and bleeding data were reviewed. Descriptive analyses were performed with annual data for 2019, 2020, and 2021, as well as the three years consecutively.

Results
The medical records of 150 patients with hemophilia B between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2021, were collected. Among these, 72 (48.0%) were severe, 47 (31.3%) were moderate, and 28 (18.7%) were mild. The results showed approximately two times more patients receiving prophylaxis as those receiving on-demand therapy, with 66.1% of patients receiving prophylaxis in 2019, 64.9% in 2020, and 72.1% in 2021. Annualized bleeding rates were 2.2% (± 3.1) in 2019, 1.8% (± 3.0) in 2020, and 1.8% (± 2.9) in 2021 among patients receiving prophylaxis. For the doses of factor IX concentrate, patients receiving prophylaxis received an average of 41.6 (± 11.9) IU/Kg/Injection in 2019, 45.7 (± 12.9) IU/Kg/Injection in 2020, and 60.1 (± 24.0) IU/Kg/Injection in 2021.

Conclusions
Clinically, prophylaxis is more prevalent than reported. Based on insights gained from current clinical evidence, it is expected that the unmet medical needs of patients can be identified, and physicians can evaluate the status of patients and actively manage hemophilia B using more effective treatment strategies.