bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structured assessment of suicide risk in a psychiatric emergency service: Psychometric evaluation of the Nurses’ Global Assessment of Suicide Risk scale (NGASR)
Authors: van Veen Mark , van Weeghel Inge , Koekkoek Bauke , Braam Arjan W 
Published: July 2014

Background: Risk of suicide is notoriously difficult to assess, and no gold standard is available, in terms of an instrument of first choice. Many different instruments are in use, among which are some that are not properly psychometrically investigated. Aim: The aim of this study is to establish the psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Nurses’ Global Assessment of Suicide Risk scale (NGASR), and the feasibility of its use in assessing suicide risk. Therefore, our research questions are as follows: what is the reliability, validity, interpretability and feasibility of the NGASR? Methods: A psychometric study of acceptability, reliability and predictive validity among 252 patients making use of a concurrent instrument, the Suicide Intention Scale (SIS), concurrent assessment by a physician and 6-month follow-up. Results: Factor analysis identified five factors. Cronbach’s alpha was .45. Intraclass correlation was .92 (95% confidence interval (CI) = .85–.95). Association between total NGASR and SIS was substantial and significant ( B = 0.66, standard error of mean (SE) = 0.19, ß = .66, p = .003). NGASR total score had a significant and moderately strong association with judgement by a physician on ‘suicidal thoughts’ (odds ratio (OR) = 1.24, p = < .001) or ‘suicidal thoughts or plans’ (OR = 1.35, p = .001). No significant association of NGASR scores and 6-month follow-up of suicidality was found. Conclusions: Internal consistency of the NGASR and most of the subscales identified was low. Other indicators of reliability of the NGASR were sufficient, although predictive validity was poor. The NGASR did not outperform other instruments but is easy to use, and may contribute to identification of risk factors, as well as to a more integral assessment of suicide risk.
Continuum beliefs and attitudes towards people with mental illness: Results from a national survey in France
Authors: Angermeyer Matthias C , Millier Aurélie , Rémuzat Cécile , Refaï Tarek , Schomerus Georg , Toumi Mondher 
Published: July 2014

Background: Whether mental disorders should be considered as categorical or dimensional has found increasing attention among mental health professionals. Only little is known about what the public thinks about this issue. Aims: First, to assess how prevalent the belief in a continuum of symptoms from mental health to mental illness is among the general public. Second, to examine how continuum beliefs are associated with attitudes towards people with mental disorder. Methods: In 2012, an on-line survey was conducted in France ( N = 1,600). After the presentation of a case-vignette depicting a person with either schizophrenia or depression, belief in a continuum of symptoms, emotional reactions and desire for social distance related to the person in the vignette were assessed. Results: While 58.2% of respondents agreed in a symptom continuum for depression, this percentage was only 28.5% for schizophrenia. In both disorders, continuum beliefs were associated with more pro-social reactions and less desire for social distance. Only in schizophrenia, there was an inverse relationship with the expression of anger. Conclusions: There is increasing evidence of an association between continuum beliefs and positive attitudes towards people with mental illness. Information on the continuous nature of psychopathological phenomena may usefully be included in anti-stigma messages.
Single versus repetitive injection of lignocaine in the management of carpal tunnel syndrome – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Akarsu S. , Karadaş Ö. , Tok F. , Gül H. Levent , Eroğlu E. 
Published: July 2014

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of single versus repetitive injection of lignocaine into the carpal tunnel for the management of carpal tunnel syndrome. The 42 patients included were randomly assigned to two Groups: group 1 was injected with 4 mL of 1% lignocaine once and Group 2 was injected with 4 mL of 1% lignocaine twice a week for 2 weeks. Clinical and electrophysiological evaluations were performed at the study onset, and at 6 and 12 weeks following the final injection. Initially, the groups were similar with respect to clinical and electrophysiological findings. All parameters in Group 2 improved 6 weeks post treatment ( p < 0.05), and these improvements persisted at 12 weeks post treatment ( p < 0.05). Repetitive local lignocaine injection was effective in reducing the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome and improving electrophysiological findings.
Is opiate action in cough due to sedation?
Authors: Dickinson Rebecca S. , Morjaria Jaymin B. , Wright Caroline E. , Morice Alyn H. 
Published: July 2014

Objectives: Opiates have been used for cough suppression for centuries. It is unclear whether this antitussive action is due to their known sedative effects. We aimed to assess correlation between cough suppression and opiate usage. Methods: We performed a post hoc analysis of two published trials with three opioids. In study one, patients with chronic cough were treated with 4 weeks of modified release morphine sulphate (5 mg twice daily) or placebo in a double-blinded placebo-controlled fashion. Cough suppression was assessed subjectively by the Leicester Cough Questionnaire and objectively by citric acid aerosol (CAA) induced cough challenge. In study 2, normal volunteers were given single doses of placebo, codeine 30 mg or dextromethorphan 50 mg and cough suppression assessed using the CAA-induced cough challenge. Sedation was contemporaneously assessed by direct questioning. Results: There were 14 episodes of patient-reported sedation; 2 with modified release morphine sulphate, 9 with codeine and 3 with dextromethorphan. There was no correlation between change in the Leicester Cough Questionnaire or the CAA-induced cough challenge and reported sedation. Conclusion: This observational study suggests that sedation is unlikely to underlie the antitussive properties of these opioids. Eliciting the mechanism of these medications in cough may be a target for future tailored drug development.
Hydroniumjarosite, (H3O)+Fe3(SO4)2(OH)6, from Cerros Pintados, Chile: Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopic study
Authors: Plášil J. , Škoda R. , Fejfarová K. , Čejka J. , Kasatkin A. V. , Dušek M. , Talla D. , Lapčák L. , Machovič V. , Dini M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe natural hydroniumjarosite sample from Cerros Pintados (Chile) was investigated by electron microprobe, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy (Infrared and Raman). The chemical composition of studied specimens (wt.%, mean of seven analyses) obtained from electron microprobe (in wt.%): Na2O 1.30, K2O 0.23, CaO 0.04, Fe2O350.49, Al2O30.37, SiO20.33, SO333.88, H2O (calculated on the basis of Σ(OH–+H3O+) deduced from the charge balance) 13.32, total 99.98, corresponds to the empirical formula (H3O)0.77+(Na0.20K0.02)∑0.22(Fe2.95Al0.03)∑2.98(OH)6.12[(SO4)1.97(SiO4)0.03]∑2.00(calculated on the basis of S + Si = 2 a.p.f.u. (atoms per formula unit)). The studied hydroniumjarosite is trigonal, with space groupRm, witha= 7.3408(2),c= 17.0451(6) Å andV= 795.46(4) Å3. The refined structure architecture is consistent with known jarosite-series minerals, including synthetic hydroniumjarosite. However, in the current study the presence of H3O+is well documented in difference Fourier maps, where characteristic positive difference Fourier maxima, with apparent trigonal symmetry, were localized in the vicinity of the O4 atom in the channel-voids of the structure. The structure of natural hydroniumjarosite, including the H atoms, was refined toR1= 0.0166 for 2113 unique observed reflections, withIobs>3σ(I). The present structure model, which includes the position of the H atom within the hydronium ion, is discussed with regard to the vibration spectroscopy results and earlier published density-functional theory (DFT) calculations for the alunite-like structure containing H3O+.
Franconite, NaNb2O5(OH)·3H2O: structure determination and the role of H bonding, with comments on the crystal chemistry of franconite-related minerals
Authors: Haring M. M. M. , McDonald A. M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe crystal structure of franconite, NaNb2O5(OH)·3H2O, has been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction using material from Mont Saint-Hilaire, Québec, Canada. Results givea= 10.119(2),b= 6.436(1),c= 12.682(2) Å and β = 99.91(3)° and confirm the correct space group asP21/c. The crystal structure, refined toR= 4.63% andwR2=11.95%, contains oneNasite, two distorted octahedralNbsites and nineOsites. It consists of clusters of four edge-sharing Nb(O,OH)6octahedra, linked through shared corners to adjacent clusters, forming layers of Nb(O,OH)6octahedra. These alternate along [100] with layers composed of NaO(H2O)4polyhedra, the two being linked together by well defined H bonding. The predominance of H bonding, essential to the mineral, results in a perfect {100} cleavage. Chemical analyses (n= 7) of four crystals give the empirical formula (Na0.73Ca0.13☐0.14)∑=1.00(Nb1.96Ti0.02Si0.02Al0.01)∑=2.01O5(OH)·3H2O (based on nine oxygens) or ideally NaNb2O5(OH)·3H2O. Franconite is crystallo-chemically related to SOMS [Sandia Octahedral Molecular Sieves; Na2Nb2−xMxO6−x(OH)x·H2O with M = Ti, Zr, Hf], a group of synthetic compounds with strong ion-exchange capabilities. Both hochelagaite (CaNb4O11·nH2O) and ternovite (MgNb4O11·nH2O) have X-ray powder diffraction patterns and cation ratios similar to those of franconite indicating that these minerals probably have similar structures.
Belakovskiite,
Na7(UO2)(SO4)4(SO3OH)(H2O)3,
a new uranyl sulfate mineral from the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County,
Utah, USA
Authors: Kampf A. R. , Plášil J. , Kasatkin A. V. , Marty J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe new mineral belakovskiite (IMA2013-075),
Na7(UO2)(SO4)4(SO3OH)(H2O)3,
was found in the Blue Lizard mine, Red Canyon, White Canyon district, San
Juan County, Utah, USA, where it occurs as a secondary alteration phase in
association with blödite, ferrinatrite, kröhnkite, meisserite and
metavoltine. Crystals of belakovskiite are very pale yellowish-green
hair-like fibres up to 2 mm long and usually no more than a few mm in
diameter. The fibres are elongated on [100] and slightly flattened on {021}.
Crystals are transparent with a vitreous lustre. The mineral has a white
streak and a probable Mohs hardness of ∼2. Fibres are flexible and elastic,
with brittle failure and irregular fracture. No cleavage was observed. The
mineral is readily soluble in cold H2O. The calculated density is
2.953 g cm−3. Optically, belakovskiite is biaxial (+) with α =
1.500(1), β = 1.511(1) and γ = 1.523(1) (measured in white light). The
measured 2V is 87.1(6)° and the calculated 2V is 88°. The mineral is
non-pleochroic. The partially determined optical orientation is
X ≈ a. Electron-microprobe analysis
provided Na2O 21.67, UO3 30.48, SO3 40.86,
H2O 6.45 (structure), total 99.46 wt.% yielding the empirical
formula
Na6.83(U1.04O2)(SO4)4(S0.99O3OH)(H2O)3
based on 25 O a.p.f.u. Belakovskiite is triclinic, P, with a = 5.4581(3),
b = 11.3288(6), c = 18.4163(13) Å, α =
104.786(7)°, β = 90.092(6)°, γ = 96.767(7)°, V =
1092.76(11) Å3 and Z = 2. The eight strongest
X-ray powder diffraction lines are [dobs Å(I)(hkl)]: 8.96(35)(002),
8.46(29)(011), 5.19(100)(01,101,10),
4.66(58)(013,02,0,110), 3.568(37)(120,023,005,03), 3.057(59)(06,15,31),
2.930(27)(multiple) and 1.8320(29)(multiple). The structure, refined to
R1 = 5.39% for 3163 Fo > 4σF reflections, contains
[(UO2)(SO4)4(H2O)]6−
polyhedral clusters connected via an extensive network of
Na−O bonds and H bonds involving eight Na sites, three other H2O
sites and an SO3OH (hydrosulfate) group. The 3-D framework, thus
defined, is unique among known uranyl sulfate structures. The mineral is
named for Dmitry Ilych Belakovskiy, a prominent Russian mineralogist and
Curator of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum.
Chemical variability in wakabayashilite: a real feature or an analytical artifact?
Authors: Bindi L. , Bonazzi P. , Zoppi M. , Spry P. G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWakabayashilite is a rare mineral with ideal formula [(As,Sb)6S9][As4S5]. Its structure consists of an [M6S9] bundle-like unit (M = As, Sb) running along the [001] axis and [As4S5] cage-like molecules. In this study, samples of wakabayashilite from different occurrences (Khaidarkan, Kyrgyzstan; Jas Roux, France; White Caps mine, USA; Nishinomaki mine, Japan) were selected to verify the possible presence of different molecular groups replacing the As4S5molecule. Given the chemical (electron probe microanalysis-wavelength dispersive spectroscopy), spectroscopic (micro-Raman) and structural (single-crystal X-ray diffraction) results obtained, it appears evident that only the As4S5molecular group is present in the wakabayashilite structure and that the apparent non-stoichiometry reported in literature is actually due to unreliable chemical analyses. The structural role of the minor elements (Cu, Zn and Tl) in wakabayashilite is also discussed.
Trace element composition of quartz from different types of
pegmatites: A case study from the Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif
(Czech Republic)
Authors: Breiter K. , Ackerman L. , Ďurišova J. , Svojtka M. , Novák M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe evolution of the trace-element patterns of quartz during crystallization
of pegmatite melt was investigated using laser ablation inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometry. The contents of Al, B, Ba, Be, Cr, Fe, Ge, Li, Mn,
P, Rb, Sn, Sr and Ti were analysed in quartz from the border, intermediate
and core zones of four granitic pegmatites differing in degree of
fractionation and origin. The material investigated originates from the
pegmatite district of the Strážek Unit, Moldanubian Zone, Bohemian Massif,
Czech Republic and includes: lepidolite LCT (Li-Cs-Ta) pegmatite from Rožná;
berylcolumbite LCT pegmatite from Věžná; anatectic pegmatite from Znětínek;
and intragranitic NYF (Nb-Y-F) pegmatite Vladislav from the Třebíč Pluton.
The abundances of the elements analysed varied over wide intervals: <1 to
32 ppm Li, 0.5 to 6 ppm B, <1 to 10 ppm Ge, 1 to 10 ppm P, 10 to 450 ppm
Al, 1 to 45 ppm Ti and <1 to 40 ppm Fe (average sample contents).
Concentrations of Be, Rb, Sr, Sn, Ba, Cr and Mn are usually <1 ppm.
Quartz from LCT pegmatites exhibits a distinct evolutionary trend with a
decrease in Ti and an increase in Al, Li and Ge from the pegmatite border to
the core. In comparison with the most fractionated rare-metal granites,
pegmatitic quartz is relatively depleted in Al and Li, but strongly enriched
in Ge. Quartz from simple anatectic and NYF pegmatites is poor in all trace
elements with their evolution marked by a decrease in Ti and a small
increase in Ge. There is little Al or Li and neither shows any systematic
change with pegmatite evolution. Using the Ti-in-quartz thermobarometer, the
outer zones of the Znětínek and Vladislav pegmatites crystallized at ∼670°C,
whereas the border zone in the Rožná pegmatite yields a temperature near
610°C.
Single-crystal neutron diffraction and Raman spectroscopic study of hydroxylherderite, CaBePO4(OH,F)
Authors: Gatta G. D. , Jacobsen S. D. , Vignola P. , McIntyre G. J. , Guastella G. , Abate L. F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe crystal structure, H bonding and chemical composition of hydroxylherderite from the Bennett pegmatite, Buckfield, Oxford County, Maine, USA were investigated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and neutron Laue diffraction, electron microprobe analysis in wavelength-dispersive mode, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and polarized Raman spectroscopy [Ca(Na0.01Ca1.01)∑1.02Be(Be0.98Li0.01)∑0.99P(Si0.03P0.98)∑1.01O4(OH0.67F0.33)∑1,Z= 4,a= 9.7856(5),b= 7.6607(5),c= 4.8025(3) Å, β = 90.02(3)°,V= 360.02(4) Å3, space groupP21/a]. The neutron-structure refinement converged with fully anisotropic displacement parameters to give a final agreement indexR1= 0.0363 for 85 refined parameters and 1614 unique reflections withFo>4σ(Fo). The structure refinement was used to determine the H position and geometry of H bonding in the structure. OneHsite was found on theO5 anion with an O–H interatomic distance, corrected for “riding motion”, of 0.996(2) Å. The H bond of hydroxylherderite is bifurcated withO2 andO4 acceptors forming H bonds withO5⋯O2 = 3.163(1) Å,H⋯O2 = 2.544(2) ÅandO5–H⋯O2 = 121.8(1)°;O5⋯O4 = 3.081(1) Å,H⋯O4 = 2.428(2) Å andO5–H⋯O4 = 124.4(1)°. The highly non-linear O–H⋯O hydrogen bonds in hydroxylherderite and in the isotypic datolite [ideally CaBSiO4(OH)] are constrained by the tetrahedral network topology. Two main O–H stretching modes were observed in the Raman spectra at 3565 and 3620 cm–1, which are attributed to the bifurcated H bond. Two additional weak bands at 3575 and 3610 cm–1are attributed to Si–P disorder in the tetrahedral sites. Results of this study will contribute to the correlation of H-bonding geometry and O–H stretching frequencies of highly non-linear H bonds.
Arsenic-bearing new mineral species from Valletta mine, Maira Valley, Piedmont, Italy: I. Grandaite, Sr2Al(AsO4)2(OH), description and crystal structure
Authors: Cámara F. , Ciriotti M. E. , Bittarello E. , Nestola F. , Massimi F. , Radica F. , Costa E. , Benna P. , Piccoli G. C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe new mineral species grandaite, ideally Sr2Al(AsO4)2(OH), has been discovered on the dump of Valletta mine, Maira Valley, Cuneo province, Piedmont, Italy. Its origin is related to the reaction between the ore minerals and hydrothermal solutions. It occurs in thin masses of bright orange to salmon to brown coloured crystals, or infrequently as fan-like aggregates of small (<1 mm) crystals, with reddish-brown streak and waxy to vitreous lustre. Grandaite is associated with aegirine, baryte, braunite, hematite, tilasite, quartz, unidentified Mn oxides and Mn silicates under study.Grandaite is biaxial (+) with refractive indices α = 1.726(1), β = 1.731(1), γ = 1.752(1). Its calculated density is 4.378 g/cm3. Grandaite is monoclinic, space groupP21/m, witha= 7.5764(5),b= 5.9507(4),c= 8.8050(6) Å, β = 112.551(2)°,V= 366.62(4) Å3andZ= 2. The eight strongest diffraction lines of the observed X-ray powder diffraction pattern are [din Å, (I), (hkl)]: 3.194 (100)(11), 2.981 (50.9)(020), 2.922 (40.2)(03), 2.743 (31.4)(120), 2.705 (65.2)(112), 2.087 (51.8) (23), 1.685 (24.5)(321), 1.663 (27.7)(132). Chemical analyses by electron microprobe gave (wt.%) SrO 29.81, CaO 7.28, BaO 1.56, Al2O37.07, Fe2O32.34, Mn2O31.88, MgO 1.04, PbO 0.43, As2O544.95, V2O50.50, P2O50.09, sum 96.95; H2O 1.83 wt.% was calculated by stoichiometry from the results of the crystal-structure analysis. Raman and infrared spectroscopies confirmed the presence of (AsO4)3−and OH groups. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of 9 O a.p.f.u., in agreement with the structural results, is (Sr1.41Ca0.64Ba0.05Pb0.01)∑=2.11(Al0.68Fe0.143+Mn0.123+Mg0.13)∑=1.07[(As0.96V0.01)∑=0.97O4]2(OH), the simplified formula is (Sr,Ca)2(Al,Fe3+)(AsO4)2(OH) and the ideal formula is Sr2Al(AsO4)2(OH).The crystal structure was solved by direct methods and found to be topologically identical to that of arsenbrackebuschite. The structure model was refined on the basis of 1442 observed reflections toR1= 2.78%. In the structure of grandaite, chains of edge-sharingM3+octahedra run along [010] and share vertices with T5+tetrahedra, building up [M3+(T5+O4)2(OH, H2O)] units, which are connected through interstitial divalent cations. Grandaite is named after the informal appellation of the province where the type locality is located. The new mineral was approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (IMA2013-059). The discovery of grandaite and of other members of the group (description still in progress) opens up the possibility of exploring the crystal chemistry of the brackebuschite supergroup.
Erratum to: Genome-wide mutational landscape of mucinous carcinomatosis peritonei of appendiceal origin
Authors: Alakus Hakan , Babicky Michele L , Ghosh Pradipta , Yost Shawn , Jepsen Kristen , Dai Yang , Arias Angelo , Samuels Michael L , Mose Evangeline S , Schwab Richard B , Peterson Michael R , Lowy Andrew M , Frazer Kelly A , Harismendy Olivier 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNo abstract.
Performance of locally available bulking agents in Newfoundland and Labrador during bench-scale municipal solid waste composting
Authors: Kazemi Khoshrooz , Zhang Baiyu , Lye Leonard M , Lin Weiyun 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background
Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) has one of the highest waste disposal rates in Canada and it has 200 small communities without access to central composting facilities. During Municipal solid waste (MSW) composting, the selection of bulking agents is critical. Bench-scale composting systems plus locally available bulking agents are thus desired for economic and effective MSW management in NL communities. This study evaluated the performance of locally available bulking agents (i.e., NL sawdust and peat) during MSW composting in a bench-scale system. Physiochemical (temperature, oxygen uptake rate, pH, electrical conductivity, moisture and ash content, and C/N ratio) and biological (enzyme activities and germination index) parameters were monitored to evaluate compost maturity and stability.

Results
In peat composting, higher temperature for a longer duration was observed, indicating more effective pathogen removal and sterilization. High enzyme activities of dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, and phosphodiesterase in the third week of composting imply high microbial activity and high decomposition rate. The low C/N ratio for compost product implies acceptable stability states. In sawdust composting, higher temperature and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) were observed in the third week of composting, and higher enzyme activities in the second week. Sawdust composting generated a higher germination index, indicating higher maturity.

Conclusions
Both sawdust and peat are effective bulking agents for the bench-scale composting. The choice of a bulking agent for a particular community depends on the availability of the agent and land in the region, convenience of transportation, price, and the expected quality of the compost product.