bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saponin components in Polygala tenuifolia as potential candidate drugs for treating dementia
Authors: Li Songzhe , Hou Zhitao , Ye Ting , Song Xiaochen , Hu Xinying , Chen Jing 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThis study aims to elucidate the intervention effects of saponin components from Polygala tenuifolia Willd (Polygalaceae) on dementia, providing experimental evidence and new insights for the research and application of saponins in the field of dementia.Materials and MethodsThis review is based on a search of the PubMed, NCBI, and Google Scholar databases from their inception to 13 May 2024, using terms such as “P. tenuifolia,” “P. tenuifolia and saponins,” “toxicity,” “dementia,” “Alzheimer’s disease,” “Parkinson’s disease dementia,” and “vascular dementia.” The article summarizes the saponin components of P. tenuifolia, including tenuigenin, tenuifolin, polygalasaponins XXXII, and onjisaponin B, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms of dementia. Importantly, it highlights the potential mechanisms by which the active components of P. tenuifolia prevent and treat diseases and relevant clinical studies.ResultsThe saponin components of P. tenuifolia can reduce β-amyloid accumulation, exhibit antioxidant effects, regulate neurotransmitters, improve synaptic function, possess anti-inflammatory properties, inhibit neuronal apoptosis, and modulate autophagy. Therefore, P. tenuifolia may play a role in the prevention and treatment of dementia.ConclusionThe saponin components of P. tenuifolia have shown certain therapeutic effects on dementia. They can prevent and treat dementia through various mechanisms.
Pharmacokinetic study of Q808 in rhesus monkey using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Xiao Ning , Li Xiang , Li Wei , Zhao Jialin , Li Yingnan , Wang Limei 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundQ808 is a novel antiepileptic agent currently in development. In this study, we established and validated a LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of Q808 in Rhesus monkey plasma. Furthermore, we applied this method to investigate the pharmacokinetics of Q808 in Rhesus monkeys.MethodsSamples containing diazepam as an internal standard (IS) were subjected to liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and separated using a Zorbax Extend C18 column. The detection of Q808 and IS was performed using multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM), specifically monitoring precursor-to-product ion transitions at m/z 297.9 to 213.9 and m/z 285.2 to 193.1 for Q808 and IS, respectively. For the pharmacokinetic study of Q808, a total of 30 healthy Rhesus monkeys (half male and half female) were administered single oral doses, single IV doses, or multiple oral doses of Q808. Blood samples were collected at predetermined time points for subsequent pharmacokinetic analysis.ResultsThe developed LC-MS/MS method exhibited linearity within the concentration range of 1.5–750 ng/mL with intra-day precision ≤8.3% and inter-day precision ≤14.6%. Additionally, accuracy was found to be ≤ 3.4%. In the pharmacokinetic study involving single oral doses of Q808 in Rhesus monkeys, Q808 was absorbed with a median time to peak plasma concentration ranging from 4.50–6.00 h and was eliminated with a terminal elimination half-life (t1/2) between 9.34–11.31 h. No definitive conclusion regarding linear pharmacokinetic characteristics could be drawn. The absolute bioavailability was determined as 20.95%, indicating limited systemic exposure after oral administration. Multiple dosing did not result in significant accumulation based on an accumulation factor Rac value of 1.31.ConclusionWe have successfully developed and validated a rapid yet sensitive LC-MS/MS method for quantifying levels of Q808 in rhesus monkey plasma for the first time. The determination method and pharmacokinetic characteristics of Q808 in rhesus monkey support the next steps in drug development.
Body mass index is associated with pulmonary gas and blood distribution mismatch in COVID-19 acute respiratory failure. A physiological study
Authors: Bjarnadóttir Kristín J. , Perchiazzi Gaetano , Sidenbladh Caroline Lördal , Larina Aleksandra , Wallin Ewa , Larsson Ing-Marie , Franzén Stephanie , Larsson Anders O. , Sousa Mayson L. A. , Segelsjö Monica , Hansen Tomas , Frithiof Robert , Hultström Michael , Lipcsey Miklos , Pellegrini Mariangela 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe effects of obesity on pulmonary gas and blood distribution in patients with acute respiratory failure remain unknown. Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) is a X-ray-based method used to study regional distribution of gas and blood within the lung. We hypothesized that 1) regional gas/blood mismatch can be quantified by DECT; 2) obesity influences the global and regional distribution of pulmonary gas and blood; 3) regardless of ventilation modality (invasive vs. non-invasive ventilation), patients’ body mass index (BMI) has an impact on pulmonary gas/blood mismatch.MethodsThis single-centre prospective observational study enrolled 118 hypoxic COVID-19 patients (92 male) in need of respiratory support and intensive care who underwent DECT. The cohort was divided into three groups according to BMI: 1. BMI&lt;25 kg/m2 (non-obese), 2. BMI = 25–40 kg/m2 (overweight to obese), and 3. BMI&gt;40 kg/m2 (morbidly obese). Gravitational analysis of Hounsfield unit distribution of gas and blood was derived from DECT and used to calculate regional gas/blood mismatch. A sensitivity analysis was performed to investigate the influence of the chosen ventilatory modality and BMI on gas/blood mismatch and adjust for other possible confounders (i.e., age and sex).Results1) Regional pulmonary distribution of gas and blood and their mismatch were quantified using DECT imaging. 2) The BMI&gt;40 kg/m2 group had less hyperinflation in the non-dependent regions and more lung collapse in the dependent regions compared to the other BMI groups. In morbidly obese patients, gas and blood were more evenly distributed; therefore, the mismatch was lower than in other patients (30% vs. 36%, p &lt; 0.05). 3) An increase in BMI of 5 kg/m2 was associated with a decrease in mismatch of 3.3% (CI: 3.67% to −2.93%, p &lt; 0.05). Neither the ventilatory modality nor age and sex affected the gas/blood mismatch (p &gt; 0.05).Conclusion1) In a hypoxic COVID-19 population needing intensive care, pulmonary gas/blood mismatch can be quantified at a global and regional level using DECT. 2) Obesity influences the global and regional distribution of gas and blood within the lung, and BMI&gt;40 kg/m2 improves pulmonary gas/blood mismatch. 3) This is true regardless of the ventilatory mode and other possible confounders, i.e., age and sex.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04316884, NCT04474249.
Decreased free D-aspartate levels in the blood serum of patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Garofalo Martina , De Simone Giuseppe , Motta Zoraide , Nuzzo Tommaso , De Grandis Elisa , Bruno Claudio , Boeri Silvia , Riccio Maria Pia , Pastore Lucio , Bravaccio Carmela , Iasevoli Felice , Salvatore Francesco , Pollegioni Loredano , Errico Francesco , de Bartolomeis Andrea , Usiello Alessandro 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionSchizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by different psychopathological manifestations and divergent clinical trajectories. Various alterations at glutamatergic synapses have been reported in both disorders, including abnormal NMDA and metabotropic receptor signaling.MethodsWe conducted a bicentric study to assess the blood serum levels of NMDA receptors-related glutamatergic amino acids and their precursors, including L-glutamate, L-glutamine, D-aspartate, L-aspartate, L-asparagine, D-serine, L-serine and glycine, in ASD, SCZ patients and their respective control subjects. Specifically, the SCZ patients were subdivided into treatment-resistant and non-treatment-resistant SCZ patients, based on their responsivity to conventional antipsychotics.ResultsD-serine and D-aspartate serum reductions were found in SCZ patients compared to controls. Conversely, no significant differences between cases and controls were found in amino acid concentrations in the two ASD cohorts analyzed.DiscussionThis result further encourages future research to evaluate the predictive role of selected D-amino acids as peripheral markers for SCZ pathophysiology and diagnosis.
Will urban scale affect health services inequity? The empirical evidence from cities in China
Authors: Wang Hongchuan , Xu Kaibo , Fang Handong , Lin Hui , Zeng Huatang 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundThe equity of public resources triggered by city shrinkage is a global challenge. Significantly, the impact of city shrinkage on the allocation of health service resources needs to be better understood. This study explores the impact of population change on government investment and health service delivery in shrinking cities.Data and methodUsing data from China’s Urban Statistical Yearbook (2010–2020), we employ regression discontinuity (RD) and fixed-effect models to examine the causal relationship between city shrinkage and health service provision.ResultShrinking cities show significant disparities in health resources, particularly in bed numbers (−1,167.58, p &lt; 0.05) and doctor availability (−538.54, p &lt; 0.05). Economic development (p &lt; 0.01) and financial autonomy (p &lt; 0.01) influence hospital bed distribution. Investments in public services (primary schools and teachers, p &lt; 0.01) affect health resource delivery. Robustness tests support our results.ConclusionThis study reveals how city shrinkage disrupts health service provision and equity, establishing a causal relationship between city shrinkage/expansion and health resource allocation, emphasizing the imbalance caused by urban population changes. City expansion intensifies competition for health resources, while shrinking cities struggle to provide adequate resources due to government reluctance. Policymakers should adapt health resource allocation strategies to meet patient demands in changing urban landscapes.
Causes of mortality in military working dog from traumatic injuries
Authors: Storer Amanda P. , Edwards Thomas H. , Rutter Christine R. , Young Grace E. , Mullaney Sara B. 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThis study aimed to identify the pathophysiologic causes of death following traumatic injuries in military working dogs (MWDs) and determine the risk factors associated with mortality in MWD following traumatic injuries. The results of this study will allow for better targeting of interventions to ameliorate these pathophysiologic causes of death and inform research priorities directed at the pathophysiology that leads to the death of MWDs.MethodsThe final dataset for this study was compiled by using two previously established datasets. Based on review of available data and supplemental records (when available), MWDs in which a definitive cause of death could be determined were included in the study population. These MWDs were assigned a cause of death based on categories previously identified in studies evaluating service member casualties. A group of MWDs who survived their traumatic injury and had similar mechanisms of injury and types of injury to the deceased MWDs were included to allow for comparison and establishment of risk factors associated with MWD death. Variables collected included breed, age, sex, mechanism of injury, survival/non-survival, type of trauma, mechanism of injury, pathophysiology that led to death and pre-hospital care provided. Statistical analysis included Fishers exact test for categorical variables and univariable and multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with the MWD death.ResultsA total of 84 MWDs (33 non-survivors and 51 survivors) were included in this study. Of the 33 MWDs that died, 27 (81.8%) were noted to be dead on arrival. The pathophysiologic causes of death were found to be hemorrhage (45.5% [n = 15]), head trauma (21.2% [n = 7]), catastrophic tissue destruction (15.2% [n = 5]), pneumothorax (9.1% [n = 3]) and one (3% [n = 1]) of each of the following: septic shock, asphyxiation and burns. Military working dogs that did not receive non-DVM care were 3.55 times more likely to die than those that did receive non-DVM care (95% CI 1.03–12.27). The majority of MWDs died of their injuries before reaching veterinary care.DiscussionTo increase the survival of MWDs on the battlefield, further research should focus on developing new interventions and techniques to mitigate the effects of the pathophysiology noted to cause MWD death. Furthermore, given that care by a non-DVM was found to be associated with survival, the implementation of pre-hospital care and early resuscitation techniques should be a continued priority for those treating MWDs at both the point of injury and in the prehospital setting.
COVID-19 Vaccine in Lung and Liver Transplant Recipients Exceeds Expectations: An Italian Real-Life Experience on Immunogenicity and Clinical Efficacy of BNT162b2 Vaccine
Authors: Morlacchi Letizia Corinna , Alicandro Gianfranco , Uceda Renteria Sara , Zignani Nunzio , Giacomel Giovanni , Rossetti Valeria , Sagasta Michele , Citterio Gaia , Lombardi Andrea , Dibenedetto Clara , Antonelli Barbara , Rosso Lorenzo , Lampertico Pietro , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Blasi Francesco , Donato Maria Francesca 
Published: July 2024

This study assessed humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses to the BNT162b2 vaccine in orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) and lung transplant (LUT) recipients who received three doses of the vaccine from March 2021 at our institution. Serum samples were collected 60 days post-second and third dose to quantify antibodies against the spike region of SARS-CoV-2 while whole blood samples were collected to analyze the SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response using an IFN-γ ELISpot assay. We enrolled 244 OLT and 120 LUT recipients. The third dose increased antibody titres in OLT recipients (from a median value of 131 after the second dose to 5523 IU/mL, p &lt; 0.001) and LUT recipients (from 14.8 to 1729 IU/mL, p &lt; 0.001). T-cell response also increased in OLT recipients (from 8.5 to 23 IFN-γ SFU per 250,000 PBMC, p &lt; 0.001) and LUT recipients (from 8 to 15 IFN-γ SFU per 250,000 PBMC, p &lt; 0.001). A total of 128 breakthrough infections were observed: two (0.8%) OLT recipients were hospitalized due to COVID-19 and one died (0.4%); among LUT recipients, seven were hospitalized (5.8%) and two patients died (1.7%). In conclusion, the three-dose schedule of the BNT162b2 vaccine elicited both humoral and T cell-mediated responses in solid organ transplant recipients. The risk of severe COVID-19 post-vaccination was low in this population.
A Probabilistic Study of CO2 Plume Geothermal and Hydrothermal Systems: A Sensitivity Study of Different Reservoir Conditions in Williston Basin, North Dakota
Authors: Gyimah Emmanuel , Tomomewo Olusegun , Nkok Luc Yvan , Bade Shree Om , Ofosu Ebenezer Asare , Bawuah Maxwell Collins 
Published: July 2024

The exploration of alternative energy sources has gained significant traction in recent years, driven by the urgent need to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and transition towards sustainable energy. Among these alternatives, CO2 plume geothermal and hydrothermal systems have emerged as promising options due to their potential for providing clean, renewable energy. This study presents a probabilistic investigation into the sensitivity of CO2 plume geothermal and hydrothermal systems under various reservoir conditions in the Williston Basin, North Dakota. In addition to elucidating the impact of reservoir conditions on system performance, the study utilizes probabilistic methods to assess energy output of CO2 plume geothermal and hydrothermal systems. Insights derived from this probabilistic investigation offer valuable guidance for the working fluid selection, systems design and optimization in the Williston Basin and beyond. Results from the sensitivity analysis reveal the profound influence of reservoir conditions on the behavior and efficiency of CO2 plume geothermal and hydrothermal systems. Our case study on Red River Formation and Deadwood Formations shows a potential of 34% increase and 32% decrease in heat extraction based on varying reservoir conditions. Our investigations in the Beaver Lodge field within the Red River Formation yielded arithmetic mean values for CO2 best case resources, hydrothermal resources and the CO2 worst case as 6.36 × 1018 J, 4.75 × 1018 J and 3.24 × 1018 J, respectively. Overall, this research contributes to advancing the knowledge and understanding of CO2 plume geothermal and hydrothermal systems as viable pathways towards sustainable energy production and carbon sequestration. By highlighting the sensitivity of these systems to reservoir conditions, the study provides valuable insights that can inform decision-making processes and future research endeavours aimed at fostering the transition to a low-carbon energy landscape.
Sensitivity enhancement of hydrogen-gas sensor by sub nm Au on Pd surface of a wireless quartz resonator
Authors: Nagakubo Akira , Matsukura Tokiya , Ogi Hirotsugu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) is an important source of next-generation energy production. The various H2 sensors developed to date cannot easily detect very low concentrations of H2 (<10 ppm) at room temperature within 100 s. In this study, we develop H2 sensors by depositing a 200 nm thick palladium (Pd) film on AT-cut quartz resonators and adding a sub nm gold (Au) layer on the Pd surface. Moderate Au deposition on the Pd surface improves the sensitivity of the sensor by decreasing the activation energy of atomic-hydrogen migration from the surface to the subsurface. The optimal Au thickness that minimizes the activation energy is 0.5 nm. Finally, we show that the approximate detection limit at room temperature is 5 ppm.
The Effect of Using E-Government Services in Reducing Population Mobilitywithin the City of Amman
Authors: Momani Hana , Khawaldwh Hamzeh 
Published: July 2024

خلفية الدرسة ومشكلتها: واجهت مدينة عمّان في الآونة الأخيرة مشكلة الازدحام المروريّ المتمثلة بحركة السّكان مشاة أو داخل مركباتهم، وأصبح الطلب على التنقلات اليوميّة أكثر فأكثر؛ مما يفقد الناس أفضل أوقاتهم بالوقوف في طوابير في محطات الحافلات، ومواقف سيارات الأجرة، والدوائر الرسميّة، وبما أنّ استخدام تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات يمكن أن يلعب دورًا فعّالً في حل المشكلات مثل حركة المرور والسكان من خلال الاستعاضة عن الحركات المادية بالوصول الافتراضي، جاءت هذه الدراسة لقياس أثر الخدمات الحكوميّة الإلكترونيّة في تقليل حركة النقل داخل المدينة. وإظهار البعد المكاني لها.
الأهداف: تهدف هذه الدراسة التعرف إلى الخدمات الحكومية الإلكترونية في عمّان وأثرها في تقليل تنقل السكان داخل المدينة.
الطرق المستخدمة: قام الباحثان باستخدام المنهج الإحصائي الوصفي والتحليلي، لغايات تحقيق أهدافها، وتم تحليل البيانات المشتقة من أداة الدراسة (الاستبانة) التي وُزّعت على عيّنة بلغت (464) فردًا من سكان المدينة.
النتائج: بلغ مجموع الخدمات (437 خدمة إلكترونية) من مختلف المؤسسات. وُزّعت على 27 دائرة حكومة، أكثرها خدمات أمانة عمّان الكبرى (103) خدمات، وتُسهمُ بشكل متوسط في تقليل حركة السكان؛ إذ بلغت نسبتها (%29.09)، وفي المرتبة الثانية فإنّ الخدمات الحكوميّة الإلكترونيّة قللت حركة السكان بشكل كبير جدًا بنسبة (% 24.78)، كما أنّ الخدمات الحكوميّة الإلكترونيّة أسهمت بشكل متوسط إلى كبير جدًا في تقليل حركة التنقل بنسبة تزيد عن (% 50). أمّا قيمة الحركة المقللة عبر المناطق تباينت مكانيًّا، فكانت أعلى قيمة تقليل حركة في كل من: بدر، بدر الجديدة، ووادي السير بنسبة (20-%28)، وأقلها في كل من النصر، بسمان، ومرج الحمام بنسبة (0 - % 4).
التوصيات: أوصت الدراسة بضرورة أتمتة جميع الخدمات الحكوميّة، ذات الطابع الورقيّ والإداريّ، لتقليل ازدحام المرور الناجم عن حركة السكان لطلب الخدمة.
TENDÊNCIA TEMPORAL DE INFANTES COM DIAGNÓSTICOS DE ANOMALIAS CONGÊNITAS
Authors: Siedschlag Leticia da Silva Castilho , Fumes Isabela Cristina Machado , Remondini Pedro Henrique Rocha , Sales Letícia de Matos , Machado Elizeu , Pereira Rosenilda da rocha Nascimento , Razeira Alexandra Berndt , Souza Danielle Talita de , Barbosa Viviany de Fátima Brito , Santos Jucelene Gonçalves do , Fogaça Najara Reigota , Milacki Cilmara , Lepinski Andressa Gabriele , Kossoski Regiane de Cassia , Cunha Jamilla Oliveira da 
Published: July 2024

As anomalias congênitas representam um significativo desafio de saúde pública global, afetando aproximadamente 3 a 6% dos recém-nascidos em todo o mundo. No Brasil, atualmente elas ocupam a segunda posição entre as principais causas de óbito dos infantes. Portanto, é crucial realizar estudos abrangentes para entender o impacto dessas anomalias na saúde das crianças. Foram analisados dados disponibilizados pelo Sistema de Informação de Nascidos Vivos - SINASC, entre os anos de 2018 a 2022 totalizando um número de 120.908 diagnósticos registrados por anomalias congênitas em recém nascidos no Brasil. Tendo em vista, que o ano de 2018 apresentou o maior número de notificações com aproximadamente 25.932 casos. Diante disso, antes da concepção, equipes de saúde podem auxiliar no planejamento reprodutivo, avaliando a saúde da mulher e fornecendo orientações sobre a gestação durante o pré-natal.
COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE DOENÇA DE PLUMMER E DOENÇA DE GRAVES: DIFERENÇAS CLÍNICAS, DIAGNÓSTICAS E TERAPÊUTICAS.
Authors: Moraes Samuel Antonio Andrade De , Souza Fernanda Alves de , Danielli Germano , França Cecília Maria Rodrigues de , Ribeiro Pâmela Marina Borges , Hennemann Alex , Menon Gabrielle Marcantes , Martinez Lívia de Castro , Artunduaga William Alberto Hermida , Carrizo Juliana Fernandes Areal , Pinheiro Kevin Enrrique Andrade , Neto João Florêncio Monteiro , Mendonça Luis Otávio Galho , Vilâny Monise Martins Portela Fontenele , Barbosa Mariana Loiola Marques , Sales Elvis Bezerra de Souza , Saad Caroline Kosteczka Cheres , Novais José Gabriel de Araújo , Olsen Valery Zandavalli , Rios Cristiane de Carvalho , Soares Amanda Monteiro Gimenes , Maia Éllen Araujo Martins 
Published: July 2024

A Doença de Plummer e a Doença de Graves são condições prevalentes de hipertireoidismo com distintos mecanismos patofisiológicos. Enquanto a Doença de Plummer é caracterizada por nódulos autônomos que produzem hormônios independentemente do TSH, a Doença de Graves é uma condição autoimune com estimulação difusa da tireoide devido a anticorpos contra o receptor de TSH. Metodologia:A pesquisa foi realizada através do acesso online nas bases de dados científicos como: Google Scholar, National Library of Medicine(PubMed), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e Scientific Electronic Library Online(SCIELO) para seleção dos artigos, através de palavras-chave presentes nos descritoresPlummer's Disease, Hyperthyroidism, Thyroid Ultrasonography, Graves' Disease, TSH Receptor Antibodies e Exophthalmos. Resultados: Pacientes com Doença de Plummer apresentam sintomas insidiosos de hipertireoidismo associados a nódulos tireoidianos palpáveis, diagnosticados por cintilografia mostrando captação heterogênea. Na Doença de Graves, além dos sinais clássicos de hipertireoidismo, são comuns exoftalmia e outros sintomas autoimunes, com diagnóstico confirmado por anticorpos antirreceptor de TSH e cintilografia com captação difusa. Tratamentos para Doença de Plummer incluem iodoterapia radioativa e cirurgia, enquanto para Doença de Graves, a abordagem inicial é com medicamentos antitireoidianos, seguidos de iodoterapia ou cirurgia em casos refratários.Considerações Finais: A diferenciação entre Doença de Plummer e Doença de Graves é essencial para um tratamento eficaz. A Doença de Plummer requer intervenções focadas nos nódulos hiperfuncionantes, enquanto a Doença de Graves necessita de uma abordagem ampla que inclui o manejo das manifestações autoimunes. A personalização do tratamento baseada na etiologia específica do hipertireoidismo é fundamental para otimizar os resultados terapêuticos e a qualidade de vida dos pacientes.