bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipocalin2 as a plasma marker for tumors with hypoxic regions
Authors: Nakamura Ibuki , Hama Susumu , Itakura Shoko , Takasaki Ichiro , Nishi Takayuki , Tabuchi Yoshiaki , Kogure Kentaro 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHypoxic tumors have been identified as appropriate indicators of tumor malignancy. However, no convenient plasma marker for hypoxic tumors has been described. Therefore, to identify a novel, convenient plasma marker for hypoxic tumors, we used microarray analysis to compare gene expression profiles of normoxic and hypoxic tumor tissues of mice bearing melanomas. Among the upregulated genes detected in hypoxic tumors, we chose to study the secretory protein lipocalin2 (LCN2) as a marker for hypoxic tumors. LCN2 protein levels in the plasma of mice bearing hypoxic tumors were significantly increased compared with those in mice bearing normoxic tumors. Interestingly,LCN2mRNA levels were 17-fold higher in HIF-1α-positive hypoxic tumors than in HIF-1α-negative normoxic tumors. Furthermore,LCN2mRNA levels were significantly higher in the B16-F1 cells and various human tumor cells cultured under hypoxic conditions than in cells cultured under normoxic conditions, while no changes in mRNA expression were observed in nontumor NIH-3T3 cells, even under hypoxic conditions. In cultured cells, the expression pattern ofLCN2was mostly consistent with that of HIF-1α, whereas that of a conventional hypoxic marker, carbonic anhydrase IX, was not. Collectively, our data suggested that LCN2 was a useful plasma marker for hypoxic tumors.
Performance enhancement of mapping multiplexing technique utilising dual‐drive Mach–Zehnder modulator for metropolitan area networks
Authors: Elsherif Mohamed A. , Malekmohammadi Amin 
Published: December 2014

A methodology to control the eye opening distribution of mapping multiplexing technique (MMT) system is proposed and presented. The authors modelled and analysed a method to enhance the receiver sensitivity of MMT system by using optimised dual‐drive Mach–Zehnder modulator. The proposed method offers larger eye opening for distorted Level‐3 eyes. Based on the numerical calculation, the optimisation leads toward minimal eye closure. The performance of proposed system is shown to be improved by 6.1 dB in terms of receiver sensitivity compared with the conventional MMT system. Throughout the paper, the authors also discuss a numerical comparative analysis between the proposed MMT model, conventional MMT model, 33% return‐to‐zero on–off‐keying (33%RZ‐OOK), 50% RZ‐OOK, 67% carrier‐suppressed RZ‐OOK and 4‐ary amplitude shift keying in terms of positive chromatic dispersion tolerance and spectral efficiency.
Preparation of water‐dispersible TiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Kang Shi‐Zhao , Yin Dieer , Li Xiangqing , Zhang Qiang , Mu Jin 
Published: December 2014

Water‐dispersible TiO2 nanoparticles with narrow size distribution and good crystallinity were synthesised in a solvothermal process using lactic acid as the capping agent. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm were used to characterise the products. Meanwhile, the dispersion behaviour of the as‐prepared TiO2 nanoparticles was investigated. The as‐prepared powder can be easily redispersed in water to form a stable solution‐like suspension with a concentration of 60 mg·ml−1. Moreover, the dispersion mechanism was also preliminarily discussed, suggesting that the excellent dispersibility of the as‐prepared TiO2 nanoparticles is probably because of electrostatic repulsion from lactic acid molecules covalently linked to TiO2 nanoparticles.
Das Konzept der Validationstherapie nach Naomi Feil bei Patienten mit
demenziellen Erkrankungen in der neurologischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Blümner Kristina , Bsdok Katja 
Published: December 2014

ZusammenfassungAufgrund der stetig steigenden Lebenserwartung in den Industrieländern steigt
auch in Deutschland der Versorgungs- und Pflegebedarf enorm an. Ein Großteil des
zukünftigen Bedarfs wird durch die Demenzerkrankungen verursacht. Daher bedarf
es einer Optimierung der Pflege- und Versorgungskonzepte. Ein solches auf die
Bedürfnisse von Demenzkranken ausgerichtetes optimiertes Versorgungskonzept ist
die Validationstherapie.
Trophic coherence determines food-web stability
Authors: Johnson Samuel , Domínguez-García Virginia , Donetti Luca , Muñoz Miguel A. 
Published: December 2014

Significance
The fact that large, complex ecosystems are particularly robust is mysterious in the light of mathematical arguments that suggest they should be unstable; i.e., susceptible to runaway fluctuations in species’ abundances. Here we show that food webs (networks describing who eats whom in an ecosystem) exhibit a property we call trophic coherence, a measure of how neatly the species fall into distinct levels. We find that this property makes networks far more linearly stable than if the links (predator–prey interactions) were placed randomly between species, or according to existing structural models. A simple model we propose to capture this feature shows that networks can, in fact, become more stable with size and complexity, suggesting a possible solution to the paradox.
Miz-1 regulates translation of
Trp53
via ribosomal protein L22 in cells undergoing V(D)J recombination
Authors: Rashkovan Marissa , Vadnais Charles , Ross Julie , Gigoux Mathieu , Suh Woong-Kyung , Gu Wei , Kosan Christian , Möröy Tarik 
Published: December 2014

Significance
V(D)J recombination occurs in lymphoid precursors to enable their maturation, but also induces DNA damage. Thus, it has been proposed that the activity of the tumor suppressor and gatekeeper protein p53 must be controlled during this process to prevent premature induction of apoptosis. In this study, we show that the transcription factor Miz-1 can exert such a function. Miz-1 activates expression of the ribosomal protein Rpl22, which in turn controls the translation of p53 specifically in lymphoid precursors. We propose that this Miz-1–Rpl22–p53 pathway prevents p53 from inducing cell death as a response to V(D)J recombination in lymphoid precursors from both the T-lineage and the B-lineage.
Site-specific cation release drives actin filament severing by vertebrate cofilin
Authors: Kang Hyeran , Bradley Michael J. , Cao Wenxiang , Zhou Kaifeng , Grintsevich Elena E. , Michelot Alphée , Sindelar Charles V. , Hochstrasser Mark , De La Cruz Enrique M. 
Published: December 2014

Significance
Cofilin is an essential actin regulatory protein that severs filaments, which accelerates network remodeling by increasing the concentration of filament ends available for elongation and subunit exchange. The molecular basis of how cofilin binding interactions fragment filaments, which have stiffness comparable to commercial laboratory plastics, remains a central and unresolved mystery of cellular actin cytoskeleton reorganization. In this study we demonstrate that actin filament severing by vertebrate cofilin is driven by the linked dissociation of a single, site-specific cation that controls filament structure and mechanical properties, and that filament severing is an essential function of cofilin in cells. This work establishes that discrete interactions with cations serve a central regulatory function in mediating actin filament fragmentation by certain classes of severing proteins.
Stoichiometry and geometry of the CXC chemokine receptor 4 complex with CXC ligand 12: Molecular modeling and experimental validation
Authors: Kufareva Irina , Stephens Bryan S. , Holden Lauren G. , Qin Ling , Zhao Chunxia , Kawamura Tetsuya , Abagyan Ruben , Handel Tracy M. 
Published: December 2014

Significance
The chemokine receptor axis plays a critical role in numerous physiological and pathological processes, yet the structural basis of receptor interaction with chemokines is poorly understood. Although the community agrees on the existence of two distinct epitopes for recognition of receptors by chemokines, conflicting evidence from structural and mutagenesis studies suggested several possibilities for receptor:chemokine complex stoichiometry. We use a combination of computational, functional, and biophysical approaches to show that despite its dimeric nature, chemokine receptor CXCR4 interacts with its chemokine ligand, CXCL12, in a 1:1 stoichiometry. This result is also likely relevant for other receptor:chemokine pairs. Structural modeling informed by restraints derived from cysteine trapping experiments enabled determination of the receptor:chemokine complex geometry at a medium resolution level.
van der Waals interactions at the nanoscale: The effects of nonlocality
Authors: Luo Yu , Zhao Rongkuo , Pendry John B. 
Published: December 2014

Significance
The van der Waals interaction is a ubiquitous but subtle force between particles mediated by quantum fluctuations of charge. It is the most long-range force acting between particles and influences a range of phenomena such as surface adhesion, friction, and colloid stability. Calculations of the force between parallel surfaces >10 nm apart is a simple task, but when the geometry is more complex, e.g., a pair of nanospheres <5 nm apart, the task is more difficult. Furthermore a macroscopic description of the dielectric properties no longer suffices, and we must consider the diffuse nonlocal nature of the electron polarization cloud. In this paper, we propose a simple analytic treatment of the problem.
Accessible DNA and Relative Depletion of H3K9me2 at Maize Loci Undergoing RNA-Directed DNA Methylation
Authors: Gent Jonathan I. , Madzima Thelma F. , Bader Rechien , Kent Matthew R. , Zhang Xiaoyu , Stam Maike , McGinnis Karen M. , Dawe R. Kelly 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) in plants is a well-characterized example of RNA interference-related transcriptional gene silencing. To determine the relationships between RdDM and heterochromatin in the repeat-rich maize (Zea mays) genome, we performed whole-genome analyses of several heterochromatic features: dimethylation of lysine 9 and lysine 27 (H3K9me2 and H3K27me2), chromatin accessibility, DNA methylation, and small RNAs; we also analyzed two mutants that affect these processes, mediator of paramutation1 and zea methyltransferase2. The data revealed that the majority of the genome exists in a heterochromatic state defined by inaccessible chromatin that is marked by H3K9me2 and H3K27me2 but that lacks RdDM. The minority of the genome marked by RdDM was predominantly near genes, and its overall chromatin structure appeared more similar to euchromatin than to heterochromatin. These and other data indicate that the densely staining chromatin defined as heterochromatin differs fundamentally from RdDM-targeted chromatin. We propose that small interfering RNAs perform a specialized role in repressing transposons in accessible chromatin environments and that the bulk of heterochromatin is incompatible with small RNA production.
Flight response of slope‐soaring birds to seasonal variation in thermal generation
Authors: Duerr Adam E. , Miller Tricia A. , Lanzone Michael , Brandes David , Cooper Jeff , O'Malley Kieran , Maisonneuve Charles , Tremblay Junior A. , Katzner Todd 
Published: December 2014

Summary

Animals respond to a variety of environmental cues, including weather conditions, when migrating. Understanding the relationship between weather and migration behaviour is vital to assessing time‐ and energy limitations of soaring birds. Different soaring modes have different efficiencies, are dependent upon different types of subsidized lift and are weather dependent.

We collected GPS locations from 47 known‐age golden eagles that moved along 83 migration tracks. We paired each location with weather to determine meteorological correlates of migration during spring and fall as birds crossed three distinct ecoregions in north‐east North America.

Golden eagle migration was associated with weather conditions that promoted thermal development, regardless of season, ecoregion or age. Eagle migration showed age‐ and season‐specific responses to weather conditions that promoted orographic lift.

In spring, adult eagles migrated earlier, over fewer days, and under more variable weather conditions than did pre‐adults, suggesting that adults were time limited and pre‐adults made choices to conserve energy. In fall, we found no difference in the time span of migration or when each age class migrates; however, we saw evidence that pre‐adults were less efficient migrants than adults.

The decision by soaring birds to migrate when thermals developed allowed individuals to manage trade‐offs between migratory speed and migratory efficiency. When time was limited (i.e. spring movement of adults speeding towards nesting territories), use of whatever lift was available decreased the time span of migration. When migration was not time limited (e.g. spring movements by pre‐adults, all movements in fall), eagles avoided suboptimal flight conditions by pausing migration, thus increasing the time span of migration while reducing energetic costs.
Missing in action: inclusion and exclusion in the first days of AIDS in The Netherlands
Authors: Dijstelbloem Huub 
Published: December 2014

AbstractApproaches combining social and political theory with ontology have rarely been utilised in the evaluation of decision‐making processes. Drawing on such an approach clarifies the questions that still need to be asked about the policy response toHIV/AIDSin The Netherlands in the early 1980s. The initial response in The Netherlands is internationally regarded as an example of successful cooperation between public authorities, health organisations, blood banks and the gay movement. In comparison with other countries, deeply dividing social conflicts as well as dramatic medical disasters were avoided. This image, however, is misleading. Although it was on a smaller scale than the disasters with contaminated blood products in other countries, The Netherlands had their blood scandal too. A reconstruction of this episode offers the opportunity to evaluate the role objects are granted in theories of institutionalisation and to critically examine the procedural notion of politics in actor network theory. The aim of the article is to show that analyses of decision‐making processes under conditions of uncertainty ought to engage more carefully with processes of exclusion and the transformative role of objects.
Trust in health care encounters and systems: a case study of British pensioners living in Spain
Authors: Legido‐Quigley Helena , McKee Martin , Green Judith 
Published: December 2014

AbstractResearch on trust in health care faces two enduring challenges. Firstly, there are conceptual ambiguities in distinguishing trust from related concepts, such as confidence or dependence. Second, the tacit understandings which underpin the ‘faith’ element of trust are difficult to explicate. A case study of British pensioners who have moved to Spain provides an opportunity to explore trust in a setting where they often have a choice of where to access health care (UK or Spain), and are therefore not in a state of dependence, and in which the ‘differences’ of a new field generates reflection on their tacit expectations of providers and systems. In accounting for decisions to use (or not to use) Spanish health care, British pensioners cited experiential knowledge of symbolic indicators of trustworthy institutions (they were hygienic, modern, efficient), which contributed to background confidence in the system, and interpersonal qualities of practitioners (respect for older people, embodied empathy and reciprocity) which evoked familiar relations, within which faith is implicit. In contrast, with limited recent access to the British system, their background confidence had been compromised by reports of poor performance, with few opportunities to rebuild the interrelational bases of trust.
Nutrigerontology: why we need a new scientific discipline to develop diets and guidelines to reduce the risk of aging‐related diseases
Authors: Verburgh Kris 
Published: December 2014

SummaryMany diets and nutritional advice are circulating, often based on short‐ or medium‐term clinical trials and primary outcomes, like changes in LDL cholesterol or weight. It remains difficult to assess which dietary interventions can be effective in the long term to reduce the risk of aging‐related disease and increase the (healthy) lifespan. At the same time, the scientific discipline that studies the aging process has identified some important nutrient‐sensing pathways that modulate the aging process, such as the mTOR and the insulin/insulin‐like growth factor signaling pathway. A thorough understanding of the aging process can help assessing the efficacy of dietary interventions aimed at reducing the risk of aging‐related diseases. To come to these insights, a synthesis of biogerontological, nutritional, and medical knowledge is needed, which can be framed in a new discipline called ‘nutrigerontology’.
Combined effects of prenatal medication use and delivery type are associated with eczema at age 2 years
Authors: Wegienka G. , Havstad S. , Zoratti E. M. , Kim H. , Ownby D. R. , Johnson C. C. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryBackgroundSeparately, prenatal antibiotics and Caesarian delivery have been found to be associated with increased risk of allergic diseases. It is not clear whether these factors may modify the effect of each other.ObjectiveTo assess whether the associations between delivery types and eczema, sensitization and total IgE at age 2 years were modified by maternal use of prenatal medications.MethodsPrenatal charts of women enrolled in the WHEALS birth cohort were reviewed for delivery mode and medications prescribed and administered throughout their entire pregnancy, including systemic antibiotics and vaginally applied antifungal medications. The associations between the delivery mode and select medications and, eczema, sensitization (≥ 1 of 10 allergen‐specific IgE ≥ 0.35 IU/mL) and total IgE at age 2 years were assessed.ResultsThere was a lower risk of eczema among vaginally vs. c‐section born children (relative risk adjusted for race = aRR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.56, 1.05). Although not statistically significantly different, this association was stronger among the subset of children born vaginally to a mother who did not use systemic antibiotics or vaginal antifungal medications (aRR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.44, 1.08) compared to those born vaginally to mothers who used systemic antibiotics or vaginal antifungals (aRR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.57, 1.14). A protective association between vaginal birth and sensitization (aRR = 0.86, 95% CI 0.72, 1.03) was similar for those children born vaginally to a mother who did not (aRR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.69, 1.10) and who did (RR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.70, 1.04) use systemic antibiotics or vaginal antifungal medications. There were no associations with total IgE.ConclusionsChildren born vaginally had lower risk of eczema and sensitization compared with those born via c‐section; however, the protective association with eczema may be slightly weakened when mothers took systemic antibiotics or vaginally applied medications during pregnancy.
Elevated presence of myeloid dendritic cells in nasal polyps of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Poposki J. A. , Peterson S. , Welch K. , Schleimer R. P. , Hulse K. E. , Peters A. T. , Norton J. , Suh L. A. , Carter R. , Harris K. E. , Grammer L. C. , Tan B. K. , Chandra R. K. , Conley D. B. , Kern R. C. , Kato A. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryBackgroundAlthough chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is characterized by Th2 inflammation, the mechanism underlying the onset and amplification of this inflammation has not been fully elucidated. Dendritic cells (DCs) are major antigen‐presenting cells, central inducers of adaptive immunity and critical regulators of many inflammatory diseases. However, the presence of DCs in CRS, especially in nasal polyps (NPs), has not been extensively studied.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to characterize DC subsets in CRS.MethodsWe used real‐time PCR to assess the expression of mRNA for markers of myeloid DCs (mDCs; CD1c), plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs; CD303) and Langerhans cells (LCs; CD1a, CD207) in uncinate tissue (UT) from controls and patients with CRS as well as in NP. We assayed the presence of DCs by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry.ResultsCompared to UT from control subjects (n = 15) and patients with CRS without NP (CRSsNP) (n = 16) and CRSwNP (n = 17), mRNAs for CD1a and CD1c were significantly elevated in NPs (n = 29). In contrast, CD207 mRNA was not elevated in NPs. Immunohistochemistry showed that CD1c+ cells but not CD303+ cells were significantly elevated in NPs compared to control subjects or patients with CRSsNP. Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD1a+ cells in NPs might be a subset of mDC1s and that CD45+CD19−CD1c+CD11c+CD141−CD303−HLA‐DR+ mDC1s and CD45+CD19−CD11c+CD1c−CD141high HLA‐DR+ mDC2s were significantly elevated in NPs compared to UT from controls and CRSsNP, but CD45+CD11c−CD303+HLA‐DR+ pDCs were only elevated in NPs compared to control UT.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceMyeloid DCs are elevated in CRSwNP, especially in NPs. Myeloid DCs thus may indirectly contribute to the inflammation observed in CRSwNP.
National Culture and Internal Control Disclosures: A Cross‐country Analysis
Authors: Hooghiemstra Reggy , Hermes Niels , Emanuels Jim 
Published: December 2014

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueThis study examines the association between national culture and the amount of information on internal controls listed companies disclose in their annual reports. In particular, we argue that culture affects managers' perceptions of the costs and benefits of disclosing information and, consequently, drive managers' disclosure choices. In addition, we investigate whether culture indirectly, via investor protection, determines disclosure decisions.Research Findings/InsightsUsing unique hand‐collected data from a sample of 4,370 firm‐year observations for 1,559 firms from 29 countries for the period 2005 to 2007, we find that national culture directly affects such disclosures. Moreover, we show that national culture also indirectly affects disclosures via the level of investor protection in a country.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis article is the first to examine cultural determinants of internal control disclosures using a framework in which managers' disclosing decisions are determined by the trade‐off between the costs and benefits of disclosing such information. Moreover, we are the first to demonstrate that culture not only directly but also indirectly, via investor protection, influences disclosure choices.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study contributes to the debate on the development and design of corporate governance practices. Accounting scandals and corporate failures in recent years have raised calls for improved internal controls, as well as enhanced reporting about these internal controls. Many of these calls are characterized by the view that there is an optimal way of developing such systems. We show that differences in internal control disclosures are influenced by cultural differences. Therefore, introducing a uniform approach to demanding disclosure of information on internal controls may not necessarily translate into uniform reporting practices.