bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vocation, Friendship and Resilience: A Study Exploring Nursing Student
and Staff Views on Retention and Attrition
Authors: Williamson Graham R. , Health Val , Proctor-Childs Tracey 
Published: October 2013

Introduction:
There is international concern about retention of student nurses on undergraduate programmes. United Kingdom Higher Education Institutions are monitored on their attrition statistics and can be penalised financially, so they have an incentive to help students remain on their programmes beyond their moral duty to ensure students receive the best possible educational experience.

Aims:
to understand students’ and staff concerns about programmes and placements as part of developing our retention strategies.

Design:
This study reports qualitative data on retention and attrition collected as part of an action research study.

Setting:
One University School of Nursing and Midwifery in the South West of England.

Participants:
Staff, current third year and ex-student nurses from the adult field.

Methods:
Data were collected in focus groups, both face-to face and virtual, and individual telephone interviews. These were transcribed and subjected to qualitative content analysis.

Results:
Four themes emerged: Academic support, Placements and mentors, Stresses and the reality of nursing life, and Dreams for a better programme.

Conclusions:
The themes Academic support, Placements and mentors and Stresses and the reality of nursing life, resonate with international literature. Dreams for a better programme included smaller group learning. Vocation, friendship and resilience seem instrumental in retaining students, and Higher Education Institutions should work to facilitate these. ‘Vocation’ has been overlooked in the retention discussions, and working more actively to foster vocation and belongingness could be important.
Clinico-histopathological correlation of skin biopsies in leprosy
Authors: Manandhar U , Adhikari RC , Sayami G 
Published: October 2013

Background: In leprosy, there is a range of varied clinicopathologic manifestations and the diagnosis is made from adequate clinical information combined with bacilloscopy and histopathology which helps in diagnosing different types of leprosy and separating it from other granulomatous lesions. Aim of the study was to classify leprosy according to Ridley Jopling classification and perform the clinicopathological correlation. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional comparative study of skin biopsies of newly diagnosed leprosy recieved over a period of 18 months from January 2009 to June 2010 and clinicopathologic correlation was done along with special stain. Results: This study included 75 patients diagnosed clinically as leprosy. Skin biopsy revealed evidence of leprosy in 72 cases. Maximum number of patient clinically belonged to tuberculoid leprosy which constituted 25 (33%) cases followed by borderline tuberculoid 19 (25.33%). On the contrary, histologically borderline tuberculoid was the most common type (40%, n=30) cases and tuberculoid leprosy constituted (13.33%, n=10) cases. Three cases of clinically diagnosed tuberculoid leprosy showed no features of leprosy histologically. Clinical and histopathological correlation was seen in 34 cases (45.33%). The correlation was highest in borderline tuberculoid (63.15%) followed by borderline lepromatous and lepromatous leprosy. Slit skin smear was positive in 31 cases (43.05%). Fite Farraco stain was positive in 18 cases (25%). Conclusion: The classification of leprosy requires attention to the histopathological criteria and correlation with clinicalinformationand bacteriological examination so as to facilitate accurate therapy to prevent undesirable complication. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i6.8992 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, 452-458
Study of microbial flora in indwelling catheter, drains, CIVP lines and endotracheal tubes
Authors: Pradhan SB , Dhakhwa R , Shrestha CD 
Published: October 2013

Background: The use of indwelling devices like Urinary catheter, Drain tubes, Central intravascular catheter, endotracheal tubes has become routine practice in the medical field. Localized or systematic infection are frequent complications associated with extensive use of these devices, requiring its removal or may even be associated with life threatening consequences. Materials and Methods: Microbiological study was carried out among all the indwelling device samples received from 20th April 2011 to 19th April 2012 at Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. Results: Out of total 205 samples (125 Foley’s catheters, 31 drain tubes, 29 central intravascular catheter lines and 20 endotracheal tubes) received during this study period, 38.4% urinary catheters, 23.33% drain tubes, 6.9% central intravascular catheter lines and 40.0% endotracheal tubes were found to have significant growth. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella were found to be the commonest organisms. Conclusion: The infection rates of indwelling devices used for various reasons are found to be very high. These infections have increased the morbidity and mortality of the hospitalized patients and also increased the duration of hospital stay. Thus aseptic measurements during insertion of these devices periodic change of these devices may help to overcome these complications. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i6.8995 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, 469-471
Study of megakaryocytes in bone marrow aspiration smears in patients with thrombocytopenia
Authors: Choudhary PK , Sing SK , Basnet RB 
Published: October 2013

Background: Dysplastic changes in megakaryocyte are well-recognized features of myelodysplastic syndrome. However, several studies have shown it’s occurrence in various other disorders. This study was done to understand the various megakaryocytic alterations including the dysplastic forms in hematological disorders presenting with thrombocytopenia other than in myelodysplastic syndrome. Materials and Methods: All cases of thrombocytopenia in the study period of May 2010 to April 2012 were included. Bone marrow aspiration study was done in each case of thrombocytopenia. Megakaryocytes were examined in bone marrow aspiration smears in terms of their number and morphology. Dysplasia was considered significant if ≥ 10% of megakaryocyte examined show dysplastic morphology. Results: Dysplastic megakaryocytes were observed in 52.3%, 50% and 21.2% of the cases of megaloblastic anemia, acute leukemia and immune thrombocytopenic purpura respectively. Most common dysplastic feature observed were multiple separate nuclei (25.2%) and micromegakaryocyte (17.3%). Hypogranular form was the least observed dysplastic feature (1.4%; 2/139 cases). Conclusion: Dysplasia in megakaryocyte is a quiet common occurrence in various non-myelodysplastic syndroms related thrombocytopenia. The mere presence of dysplastic megakaryocyte should not prompt an interpretation of myelodysplastic syndroms and should always be correlated with patient’s clinical and other hematological parameters. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i6.8997 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, 476-481
Lymphoid associated antigen expression in new cases of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Jha R , Grover G , Bose P 
Published: October 2013

Background: Occurrence of aberrant phenotype has been reported in acute leukemias with varying frequency though its prognostic importance remains controversial. In acute myeloid leukemias, aberrant phenotype, as high as 88 %, has been reported. To evaluate the occurrence of aberrant lymphoid phenotypes and to correlate their presence with various French American British classification, 100 cases of fresh acute myeloid leukemias were analyzed for lymphoid markers CD 4,7,8,10 and 19. Materials and Methods: Whole blood or bone marrow aspirate collected in EDTA were processed by standard method and subjected to immunophenotyping for B Cells marker CD 19 and 10 and T cell marker CD 4, 7 and 8. Results: Aberrant lymphoid markers were seen in 35(35%) cases. All FAB subtypes except M7 showed aberrancy for the markers studied. However it was the most common in M0 (100%), followed by M2 (51.9%). T cell aberrancy was the most common, comprising 62.8% (22/35) of total aberrancy. CD 7 was the most common aberrantly expressed marker, seen in 20% AML, followed by CD 4(14%) and CD 19 (8%). Conclusion: Occurrence of lymphoid phenotypes is frequent in pediatric as well adult AML. Though T cell markers are more common, only B cell as well as both B and T cell markers may be co expressed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i6.8999 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, 487-490
Aspergillus endocarditis presenting as acute right lower limb pain
Authors: Ghosh P , Saha K 
Published: October 2013

Corrigendum: On 31/10/2013 the name of the author K. Shah was corrected to read K. Saha.Aspergillus endocarditis is an 2nd most common cause of endocarditis having poor prognosis. We report a rare case of fungal endocarditis following cardiac valve replacement presenting as acute pain in the right lower limb. Embolism and endocarditis were primarily detected by CT angiography and echocardiography respectively. Diagnosis was established by histopathology and culture of the emboli and was confirmed later by isolation of the Aspergillus species from the resected valve tissue. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v3i6.9002 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2013) Vol. 3, 502-504
Les décrets de Colophon-sur-Mer en l'honneur des Attalides Athènaios et Philétairos
Authors: Gauthier Philippe 
Published: October 2013

The study is in two parts. 1) A new edition of the decree of Colophon-sur-Mer in honor of Prince Athenaios of Pergamon, the youngest son of Attale I.
2) Edition and commentary of a fragment of a decree of the same city in honor of Prince Philetairos, brother of Athenaios.
La dichotomie comme grille de lecture du conflit espagnol dans la presse napoléonienne : l’Espagne réfractaire contre l’Espagne « régénérationniste »
Authors: Soupiron Stéphane 
Published: October 2013

L’article revient sur un procédé discursif utilisé massivement par la propagande napoléonienne dans l’organe de presse que constitue le Journal de l’Empire, à savoir l’opposition dichotomique. En même temps, il permet de mettre en avant les causes profondes de la campagne d’Espagne puisqu’il s’attarde sur les préjugés et l’incompréhension de la France face à la nation qu’elle se destina à « régénérer ». Inspirée en grande partie des Lumières, l’image montrée par le quotidien parisien est celle d’une nation espagnole ayant un potentiel important mais étant toutefois paralysée par l’action d’une communauté monacale importante, rétrograde et superstitieuse, nullement comparable aux autres clergés d’Europe. On y retrouve également l’opposition qui est faite entre les bons et les mauvais Espagnols suivant qu’ils soutiennent ou non le pouvoir napoléonien. Enfin, outre le réquisitoire qui est mené sur l’alliance malsaine qui unit la révolution espagnole à l’Anglais malfaisant, se noue un discours venant discréditer les membres de la Junte de Séville.
El Semanario Económico (1765-1767): a la Ilustración por la utilidad
Authors: Ocampo Suárez-Valdés Joaquín 
Published: October 2013

Au cours de sa brève trajectoire éditoriale, le Semanario Económico (1765-1767), qui figure parmi les pionniers de la presse, reproduit dans ses pages certains des traits distinctifs des « Lumières précoces » espagnoles: conscience du retard économique et scientifique de l'Espagne, volonté (peut-être volontarisme, en raison du décalage entre fins et moyens) de se mettre au diapason des nations européennes les plus développées, effort pour harmoniser tradition et modernité, et, enfin, cet optimisme éclairé qui assumait que la diffusion des Lumières constituait une condition suffisante pour combler son retard, en ignorant les restrictions et résistances sociales au changement. Sans pour autant ôter une once de mérite au solitaire et titanesque effort de son éditeur et rédacteur, Pedro Araus, on ne peut, dans le cadre d'une analyse historique, ignorer l'abîme qui existe entre l'offre culturelle offerte par le périodique et l'aversion au risque ainsi que la demande de stabilité des groupes privilégiés de l'Ancien Régime, hypothétiques lecteurs de cette publication.
‘The Voice in the Mirror’. Michael Jackson: From a Vocal Identity to its Double in Sound
Authors: Stegner-Petitjean Isabelle 
Published: October 2013

Michael Jackson est un artiste dont les multiples expressions vocales constituent le premier jalon d’une identité paroxystiquement pop. Les références esthétiques éclectiques qui ont échafaudé et nourri sa vocalité se sont trouvées systématiquement réappropriées, réinvesties et assimilées en une seule et même personnalité vocale. L’identité sonore de Michael Jackson, outre ses constituants mélodiques et rythmiques, est construite de façon audible et tangible sur un phénomène de physicalité qui fait la part belle au bruitisme buccal, guttural, respiratoire ou corporel d’un chanteur dansant même en studio. Soucieux de restituer avec transparence cette identité, l’ingénieur du son Bruce Swedien a opté pour des approches techniques et des stratégies de studio visant à conserver fidèlement les expressions premières du chanteur : micros, prises de son analogiques, techniques d’enregistrement des larges prismes vocaux, élaboration d’espaces acoustiques naturels, champ stéréophonique converti en un espace sonore tridimensionnel jouant sur les early reflections, plywood, Monstercable ou encore Tubetraps ont fait l’objet, dans la quête d’authenticité de Bruce Swedien, de choix délibérés convoquant conjointement ou tour à tour tradition et technologie.
Acute-Phase Protein Hemopexin Is a Negative Regulator of Th17 Response and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Development
Authors: Rolla Simona , Ingoglia Giada , Bardina Valentina , Silengo Lorenzo , Altruda Fiorella , Novelli Francesco , Tolosano Emanuela 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Hemopexin (Hx) is an acute-phase protein synthesized by hepatocytes in response to the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Hx is the plasma protein with the highest binding affinity to heme and controls heme-iron availability in tissues and also in T lymphocytes, where it modulates their responsiveness to IFN-γ. Recent data have questioned regarding an anti-inflammatory role of Hx, a role that may be both heme-binding dependent and independent. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Hx in the development of a T cell–mediated inflammatory autoimmune response. During experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the mouse model of multiple sclerosis, Hx content in serum increased and remained high. When EAE was induced in Hx knockout (Hx−/−) mice, they developed a clinically earlier and exacerbated EAE compared with wild-type mice, associated to a higher amount of CD4+-infiltrating T cells. The severe EAE developed by Hx−/− mice could be ascribed to an enhanced expansion of Th17 cells accounting for both a higher disposition of naive T cells to differentiate toward the Th17 lineage and a higher production of Th17 differentiating cytokines IL-6 and IL-23 by APCs. When purified human Hx was injected in Hx−/− mice before EAE induction, Th17 expansion, as well as disease severity, were comparable with those of wild-type mice. Taken together, these data indicate that Hx has a negative regulatory role in Th17-mediated inflammation and prospect its pharmacological use to limit the expansion of this cell subset in inflammatory and autoimmune disease.
Optimized Tetramer Analysis Reveals Ly49 Promiscuity for MHC Ligands
Authors: McFall Emily , Tu Megan M. , Al-Khattabi Nuha , Tai Lee-Hwa , St.-Laurent Aaron S. , Tzankova Velina , Hall Clayton W. , Belanger Simon , Troke Angela D. , Wight Andrew , Mahmoud Ahmad Bakur , Zein Haggag S. , Rahim Mir Munir A. , Carlyle James R. , Makrigiannis Andrew P. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Murine Ly49 receptors, which are expressed mainly on NK and NKT cells, interact with MHC class I (MHC-I) molecules with varying specificity. Differing reports of Ly49/MHC binding affinities may be affected by multiple factors, including cis versus trans competition and species origin of the MHC-I L chain (β2-microglobulin). To determine the contribution of each of these factors, Ly49G, Ly49I, Ly49O, Ly49V, and Ly49Q receptors from the 129 mouse strain were expressed individually on human 293T cells or the mouse cell lines MHC-I–deficient C1498, H-2b–expressing MC57G, and H-2k–expressing L929. The capacity to bind to H-2Db– and H-2Kb–soluble MHC-I tetramers containing either human or murine β2-microglobulin L chains was tested for all five Ly49 receptors in all four cell lines. We found that most of these five inhibitory Ly49 receptors show binding for one or both self–MHC-I molecules in soluble tetramer binding assays when three conditions are fulfilled: 1) lack of competing cis interactions, 2) tetramer L chain is of mouse origin, and 3) Ly49 is expressed in mouse and not human cell lines. Furthermore, Ly49Q, the single known MHC-I receptor on plasmacytoid dendritic cells, was shown to bind H-2Db in addition to H-2Kb when the above conditions were met, suggesting that Ly49Q functions as a pan–MHC-Ia receptor on plasmacytoid dendritic cells. In this study, we have optimized the parameters for soluble tetramer binding analyses to enhance future Ly49 ligand identification and to better evaluate specific contributions by different Ly49/MHC-I pairs to NK cell education and function.
Complement Factor B Is the Downstream Effector of TLRs and Plays an Important Role in a Mouse Model of Severe Sepsis
Authors: Zou Lin , Feng Yan , Li Yan , Zhang Ming , Chen Chan , Cai Jiayan , Gong Yu , Wang Larry , Thurman Joshua M. , Wu Xiaobo , Atkinson John P. , Chao Wei 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSevere sepsis involves massive activation of the innate immune system and leads to high mortality. Previous studies have demonstrated that various types of TLRs mediate a systemic inflammatory response and contribute to organ injury and mortality in animal models of severe sepsis. However, the downstream mechanisms responsible for TLR-mediated septic injury are poorly understood. In this article, we show that activation of TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 markedly enhanced complement factor B (cfB) synthesis and release by macrophages and cardiac cells. Polymicrobial sepsis, created by cecal ligation and puncture in a mouse model, augmented cfB levels in the serum, peritoneal cavity, and major organs including the kidney and heart. Cecal ligation and puncture also led to the alternative pathway activation, C3 fragment deposition in the kidney and heart, and cfB-dependent C3dg elevation. Bacteria isolated from septic mice activated the serum alternative pathway via a factor D–dependent manner. MyD88 deletion attenuated cfB/C3 upregulation as well as cleavage induced by polymicrobial infection. Importantly, during sepsis, absence of cfB conferred a protective effect with improved survival and cardiac function and markedly attenuated acute kidney injury. cfB deletion also led to increased neutrophil migratory function during the early phase of sepsis, decreased local and systemic bacterial load, attenuated cytokine production, and reduced neutrophil reactive oxygen species production. Together, our data indicate that cfB acts as a downstream effector of TLR signaling and plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of severe bacterial sepsis.
Nancy Prince's Utopias: Reimagining the African American Utopian Tradition
Authors: Foster Amber 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT
In A Narrative of the Life and Travels of Mrs. Nancy Prince (1850), Nancy Gardner Prince travels from the northern United States to Russia and Jamaica and, in each location, struggles to create a “home” for herself and others through negotiation with (and resistance to) extant discourses of race, class, gender, and empire. Her utopias, like all real-world utopias, are doomed to fail, yet I argue that placing Prince's Narrative within the context of an expanded definition of utopian discourse reveals African American engagement in utopian thought at a much earlier period than supposed. As early as the 1820s, thousands of African Americans were attempting to create egalitarian societies in Canada and the margins of the northern United States, and these experiments had a dramatic impact on the literature of the period. I place all of Prince's utopias within the larger historical and literary context of the utopian fervor taking place throughout her lifetime. In so doing, I hope to expand the current conception of African American utopian literary production to include earlier, autobiographical writers such as Prince who sought out a “good place” significantly prior to the emergence of the African American utopian novel in the latter nineteenth century.
Studying at the UCL Institute of Archaeology
Authors: Sillar Bill , Daniel Lisa , Frearson Charlotte 
Published: October 2013

Ranked 1st in The Guardian (2013) league table for studying
archaeology
Ranked 2nd in The Times (2013) ‘Good University
Guide’
100% of Institute undergraduate finalists expressed satisfaction with our
teaching and support in the UK National Student Surveys 2010 and 2011
Phamacokinetics of rivaroxaban in adolescents
Authors: Gehrisch S. , Beyer-Westendorf J. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryBackground: The direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban is approved for venous throm-boembolism (VTE) treatment in adults. However, in all phase-III trials children or adolescents have not been included. For under-aged VTE patients, current standard treatment consists of low molecular weight heparin or Vitamin K antagonists. Rivaroxaban could be an attractive alternative, however, no data on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of rivaroxaban in adolescents are currently available.Patient, methods: We report PK data for rivaroxaban derived from a girl (age:15 years), who presented three month after acute deep vein thrombosis, already receiving rivaroxaban therapy. In the steady state of rivaroxaban therapy (20 mg once daily), plasma levels at baseline, 3 and 6 hours after intake of rivaroxaban were measured to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and changes of global coagulation tests.Results: At baseline, a very low trough level of only 9.9 ng/ml rivaroxaban was found. At 3 hours, a peak concentration of 137.76 ng/ml rivaroxaban was observed with a rapid decrease within 6 hours after drug intake, when plasma levels of 34.45 ng/ml were measured. The patients INR and aPTT values reacted correspondingly.Conclusion: Our data indicate that adolescents may exhibit lower peak and trough levels after rivaroxaban intake compared to adult patients, but seem to have similar PK curves during the elimination phase. While our case is the first published case of a successful VTE treatment in an under-aged , we strongly discourage the routine use of rivaroxaban in non-adult patients, until data from phase II and III trials are available.
Enhanced POC export in the oligotrophic northwest Pacific Ocean after extreme weather events
Authors: Chen Kuo‐Shu , Hung Chin‐Chang , Gong Gwo‐Ching , Chou Wen‐Chen , Chung Chih‐Ching , Shih Yung‐Yen , Wang Chau‐Chang 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTo study effects of extreme weather events (EWEs, e.g., dust storm and typhoon) on the export of particulate organic carbon (POC) measured by a floating sediment trap in the oligotrophic ocean, eight sea‐going expeditions were conducted in the oligotrophic northwest Pacific (NWP) in 2007 and 2008, covering all four seasons and the passage of several EWEs. Results of year‐round field observations demonstrate that the POC export fluxes in the oligotrophic NWP did not exhibit apparent seasonal variations yielding an average flux of 36.9 ± 5.8 mg‐C m−2 d−1 without EWE effects. With EWE effects, however, the POC export flux (51.7 ± 13.2 mg‐C m−2 d−1) showed an approximately 40% increase compared to the average flux measured without EWE effects. These results suggest that EWEs can trigger elevated POC export from the euphotic zone in the oligotrophic ocean.