bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrography, geochemistry, and Hf‐Nd isotope evolution of drill core samples and target rocks from the El'gygytgyn impact crater, NE Chukotka, Arctic Russia
Authors: Pittarello Lidia , Schulz Toni , Koeberl Christian , Hoffmann J. Elis , Münker Carsten 
Published: June 2013

AbstractEl'gygytgyn in northeast Chukotka (Russia) is a 3.6 Ma, 18‐km‐diameter impact structure. The impact crater was recently drilled in the framework of a project sponsored by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). Target rocks at the El'gygytgyn area are dominated by the felsic members of the Late Cretaceous Okhotsk‐Chukotka Volcanic Belt (OCVB). Such a target lithology is unique among terrestrial impact craters, thereby providing the opportunity to study shock metamorphism in siliceous volcanic rocks. Here, we present a petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic study of the section of the drill core underneath the lacustrine sediments, extending from ∼316 m to 517 m below the lake bottom (blb). The drill core stratigraphy includes ∼80 m of suevite and a cross section through a volcanic suite, which consists of (1) a middle section (∼390–423 mblb) with dominant felsic tuffs and a few mafic members, and (2) a welded rhyolitic‐dacitic ignimbrite (∼423–517 mblb). The melt fragments embedded in the suevite are interpreted as being impact‐related by comparison with impact glasses from the crater and in opposition to the target rock, which does not include similar melts. A suevitic dyke crosscuts the lower section of the core at the depth 471.40 mblb. Evidence for shock metamorphism is concentrated in the upper 10 m of the drill core and almost limited to the suevitic breccia. The geochemical and isotope (Nd and Hf) composition of samples from the target and the drill core reveals relationships to the “Berlozhya magmatic assemblage” (BMA) arguing for similar source magmas. The primitive upper mantle (PUM)‐normalized trace element plot of rocks investigated here confirms a subduction‐related signature, as previously proposed for rocks from both OCVB and BMA.
Using grounded theory methodology to conceptualize the mother–infant communication dynamic: Potential application to compliance with infant feeding recommendations
Authors: Waller Jennifer , Bower Katherine M. , Spence Marsha , Kavanagh Katherine F. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractExcessive, rapid weight gain in early infancy has been linked to risk of later overweight and obesity. Inappropriate infant feeding practices associated with this rapid weight gain are currently of great interest. Understanding the origin of these practices may increase the effectiveness of interventions. Low‐income populations in the Southeastern United States are at increased risk for development of inappropriate infant feeding practices, secondary to the relatively low rates of breastfeeding reported from this region. The objective was to use grounded theory methodology (GTM) to explore interactions between mothers and infants that may influence development of feeding practices, and to do so among low‐income, primiparous, Southeastern United States mothers. Analysis of 15 in‐depth phone interviews resulted in development of a theoretical model in which Mother–Infant Communication Dynamic emerged as the central concept. The central concept suggests a communication pattern developed over the first year of life, based on a positive feedback loop, which is harmonious and results in the maternal perception of mother and infant now speaking the same language. Importantly, though harmonious, this dynamic may result from inaccurate maternal interpretation of infant cues and behaviours, subsequently leading to inappropriate infant feeding practices. Future research should test this theoretical model using direct observation of mother–infant communication, to increase the understanding of maternal interpretation of infant cues. Subsequently, interventions targeting accurate maternal interpretation of and response to infant cues, and impact on rate of infant weight gain could be tested. If effective, health care providers could potentially use these concepts to attenuate excess rapid infant weight gain.
A rat model for orthodontic translational expansive tooth movement
Authors: Danz J. C. , Dalstra M. , Bosshardt D. D. , Katsaros C. , Stavropoulos A. 
Published: June 2013

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo present the development of an experimental model in rats for translational expansive tooth movement.Setting and SampleSection of Periodontology at Department of Dentistry Aarhus University. Twenty male Wistar rats in two pilot experimental settings plus seven animals without any intervention serving as controls.Material and MethodsThe second molar (group P1) or the second and third molar (group P2) in the maxillae of the animals were moved buccally using transpalatal β‐titanium springs. In the group P2, two spring types (high force and low force) and two preangulations (0° passive or 30° torsion moment) were tested. The amount and type of tooth movement achieved and the resulting skeletal effect were assessed on microCT images, histological analysis was performed on few selected specimens.ResultsExpansive translational root movement amounting half a tooth width was achieved. Comparison of the amount of tooth movement at the right and left side of the maxilla showed that the expansion was rather symmetrical in the P2 group. Skeletal widening of the maxilla contributed in the P2 group to approximately one‐third of the total root movement, whereas two‐thirds were dental movement.ConclusionWith the model used in the P2 group, further research on translational expansive tooth movement and its effect on the periodontium can be pursued. In models for orthodontic expansion, it is strongly recommended to separately evaluate skeletal and dental effects.
Clinical significance of aberrant vimentin expression in oral premalignant lesions and carcinomas
Authors: Sawant SS , Vaidya MM , Chaukar DA , Alam H , Dmello C , Gangadaran P , Kannan S , Kane S , Dange PP , Dey N , Ranganathan K , D'Cruz AK 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical significance of vimentin expression at early and late events of tobacco/areca nut–associated oral tumorigenesis.Materials and MethodsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) was carried out on paraffin‐embedded tissues of oral mucosa normal (n = 10), inflammatory lesions (n = 19), leukoplakia (n = 52), submucous fibrosis (n = 71) and tumours/cut margins (n = 227 each), using anti‐vimentin antibody, and the expression profile was correlated with patients' clinical parameters. Immunofluorescence, Western blot and RT‐PCR analysis were also carried out wherever adequate and fresh tissues were available.ResultsAberrant vimentin expression was seen in hyperplastic, dysplastic and fibrotic tissues, which showed statistically significant correlation with the histopathological grade of dysplasia (P = 0.001) and fibrosis (P = 0.009). Vimentin expression also showed statistically significant correlation with tumour size (P = 0.048), clinical stage (P = 0.013), regional lymph node metastases (P = 0.001), local recurrence (P = 0.001) and survival (P = 0.021) of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Its expression in invasive fronts statistically correlated with development of nodal metastasis and local recurrence.ConclusionsOur results suggest possible role of vimentin in early events of tobacco/areca nut–associated oral tumorigenesis, which may prove useful to predict the malignant potential of high‐risk oral lesions. Further, association between vimentin expression in invasive fronts and aggressive phenotype of tumours may help clinicians to choose the appropriate treatment modality for OSCC management.
Development of Xanthomonas fragariae populations and disease progression in strawberry plants after spray‐inoculation of leaves
Authors: Kastelein P. , Krijger M. , Czajkowski R. , van der Zouwen P. S. , van der Schoor R. , Jalink H. , van der Wolf J. M. 
Published: June 2013

Xanthomonas fragariae is the causative agent of angular leaf spot disease of strawberry. Greenhouse experiments were conducted using a X. fragariae isolate tagged with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) for detailed population dynamic studies in and on leaves after spray‐inoculation. The GFP‐tagged bacteria were monitored with dilution plating of leaf washings and leaf extracts, and analysis of intact leaves using a non‐invasive monitoring system called PathoScreen, based on laser radiation of fluorescent cells in plant tissues and signal recording with a sensitive camera. PathoScreen was also used to monitor bacteria grown on an agar medium after leaf printing. During the first 3 days after inoculation, bacterial populations washed off leaves rapidly decreased by at least a factor of 1000, after which populations remained stable until 14 days post‐inoculation (dpi), when symptoms first started to appear. Thereafter, populations increased to a level of 1012 colony‐forming units (CFU) g−1 of leaf material or higher. Similarly, densities in leaf extracts were low during the first 3 days after inoculation, at a level of 100–1000 CFU g−1 of leaf tissue. Gradually populations increased to a level of 109–1012 CFU g−1 at 28 dpi. Higher densities of epiphytic populations were found on the abaxial side than on the adaxial leaf side during the first 2 weeks after inoculation. After spray‐inoculation of leaves, bacterial populations released from infected plants remained low until symptoms appeared, after which plants became highly infectious, in particular under high humidity.
Interaction of cyclic mechanical stretch and toll‐like receptor 4‐mediated innate immunity in rat alveolar type II cells
Authors: Kuhn Hartmut , Petzold Katja , Hammerschmidt Stefan , Wirtz Hubert 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackground and objectiveIn cases of infection‐induced acute lung injury, mechanical ventilation might be necessary to maintain oxygenation. Although low tidal volume ventilation is applied, alveolar over‐distension may occur and result in ventilator‐induced lung injury. In this study, we investigate (i) the influence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation on high‐amplitude stretching; and (ii) the effect of stretching on LPS‐mediated immune response in isolated rat alveolar type II cells.MethodsType II cells were incubated with LPS and stretched for 24 h on elastic membranes. Initially we examined apoptosis and lactic acid dehydrogenase release in LPS‐treated stretched cells. Furthermore we determined toll‐like receptor (TLR) 4 expression, TLR4 signalling by analysis of nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) activation and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, macrophage inflammatory protein‐2, interleukin‐1 beta, tumour necrosis factor alpha).ResultsOur results show that LPS increases apoptosis and cytotoxicity in high amplitude stretched cells. Stretching and LPS activate NF‐κB. The LPS influence is the prevailing one while no synergistic effects were observed by additional stretching. LPS stimulates an increased secretion of the inflammatory mediators only. Stretching had no influence on cytokines secretion.ConclusionsWe conclude that activation of TLR4 mediated immunity intensifies cell damage caused by stretching whereas in return stretching had no influence on TLR4 mediated innate immunity.
Resistance Genes Underlying the LS
A
Phenotype of Staphylococcal Isolates from France
Authors: Tessé Sophie , Trueba François , Berthet Nicolas , Hot Chloé , Chesneau Olivier 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

There exist numerous genes disseminated by mobile elements that can confer cross-resistance to lincosamides and streptogramin A compounds in staphylococci. This study investigated the nature and means of dissemination of genes responsible for LS
A
resistance among 24 French clinical isolates screened for reduced susceptibility to lincomycin. The
vga
(A)
v
gene was found to be the most prevalent determinant of LS
A
resistance, while Tn
5406
appeared to be its exclusive gene support.
Characterization of TEM-1 β-Lactamase-Producing Kingella kingae Clinical Isolates
Authors: Banerjee Anushree , Kaplan Jeffrey B. , Soherwardy Amenah , Nudell Yoav , Mackenzie Grace A. , Johnson Shannon , Balashova Nataliya V. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Kingella kingae
is a human pathogen that causes pediatric osteoarticular infections and infective endocarditis in children and adults. The bacterium is usually susceptible to β-lactam antibiotics, although β-lactam resistance has been reported in rare isolates. This study was conducted to identify β-lactam-resistant strains and to characterize the resistance mechanism. Screening of a set of 90
K. kingae
clinical isolates obtained from different geographic locations revealed high-level resistance to penicillins among 25% of the strains isolated from Minnesota and Iceland. These strains produced TEM-1 β-lactamase and were shown to contain additional ≥50-kb plasmids. Ion Torrent sequencing of extrachromosomal DNA from a β-lactamase-producing strain confirmed the plasmid location of the

bla
TEM

gene. An identical plasmid pattern was demonstrated by multiplex PCR in all β-lactamase producers. The porin gene's fragments were analyzed to investigate the relatedness of bacterial strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 27 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the
por
gene fragment, resulting in two major clusters with 11 allele types forming bacterial-strain subclusters. β-Lactamase producers were grouped together based on
por
genotyping. Our results suggest that the β-lactamase-producing strains likely originate from a single plasmid-bearing
K. kingae
isolate that traveled from Europe to the United States, or vice versa. This study highlights the prevalence of penicillin resistance among
K. kingae
strains in some regions and emphasizes the importance of surveillance for antibiotic resistance of the pathogen.
Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Heterogeneous Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Casapao Anthony M. , Leonard Steven N. , Davis Susan L. , Lodise Thomas P. , Patel Nimish , Goff Debra A. , LaPlante Kerry L. , Potoski Brian A. , Rybak Michael J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate
Staphylococcus aureus
(hVISA) infections varies in the literature, a problem complicated by the lack of routine screening procedures; however, limited data suggest that hVISA has been associated with persistent bloodstream infections (BSI) and vancomycin failure, yet these studies have been confounded by design issues. We conducted this study to compare the characteristics of patients with BSI caused by hVISA with those with vancomycin-susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus
(VSSA) treated with vancomycin. This retrospective, multicenter matched (1:1) cohort study compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of hVISA and VSSA. Patients with hVISA methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) BSI from 2004 to 2012 were matched to VSSA-MRSA BSI patients. The primary outcome was failure of vancomycin treatment, defined as a composite of persistent bacteremia (≥7 days), persistent signs and symptoms, change of MRSA antibiotic, recurrent BSI, or MRSA-related mortality. We identified 122 matched cases. The overall vancomycin failure rate was 57% (82% hVISA versus 33% VSSA;
P
< 0.001). The individual components of failure in hVISA versus VSSA were persistent bacteremia, 59% versus 21% (
P
< 0.001); change in MRSA therapy, 54% versus 25% (
P
= 0.001); MRSA-related mortality, 21% versus 10% (
P
= 0.081); and recurrence of BSI, 26% versus 2% (
P
< 0.001). Using logistic regression analysis and adjusting for covariates, hVISA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 11.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3 to 28.7) and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (aOR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.8 to 11.6) were still independently associated with vancomycin failure. Relative to VSSA BSI, patients with hVISA were more likely to experience failure of vancomycin treatment, including persistent bacteremia and recurrence. Our results indicate that hVISA was responsible for considerable morbidity.
Vancomycin Use for Pediatric Clostridium difficile Infection Is Increasing and Associated with Specific Patient Characteristics
Authors: Schwenk Hayden T. , Graham Dionne A. , Sharma Tanvi S. , Sandora Thomas J. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

In adults with
Clostridium difficile
infection (CDI), enteral vancomycin is considered the preferred initial regimen for severe disease; however, patterns of antimicrobial use for children with CDI are unknown. We sought to describe trends in and predictors of vancomycin use for the treatment of children with CDI admitted to tertiary-care children's hospitals in the United States. We used a database of freestanding children's hospitals to identify patients 1 to 18 years old with CDI between January 2006 and June 2011. The first hospitalization with a diagnosis of CDI for each patient was identified, and CDI-directed therapy was assessed. Generalized estimating equations were used to identify predictors of vancomycin receipt, controlling for clustering within hospitals. Vancomycin use has increased significantly (
P
= 0.005), with substantial variability between hospitals (0 to 16%). In multivariate analyses, vancomycin use was more common in children age 7 to 13 years old (versus children 1 to 2 years old: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.13 to 2.18), 14 to 18 years old (AOR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.76), in an ICU (AOR = 1.37; 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.80), or with chronic gastrointestinal conditions (AOR = 2.01; 95% CI = 1.44 to 2.81). Vancomycin use was less common in black (AOR = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.39 to 0.73) and Hispanic (AOR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.47 to 0.84) patients and in children with malignancies (AOR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.36 to 0.89). Despite a lack of empirical evidence to suggest superiority, vancomycin use for pediatric CDI is increasing. Furthermore, there is substantial variability in vancomycin use between hospitals. Further studies are needed to explore potential racial and ethnic differences in CDI management and to investigate clinicians' rationale for using vancomycin for initial therapy in selected populations.
Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Associates with CRISPR Sequence Type
Authors: DiMarzio Michael , Shariat Nikki , Kariyawasam Subhashinie , Barrangou Rodolphe , Dudley Edward G. 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Typhimurium is a leading cause of food-borne salmonellosis in the United States. The number of antibiotic-resistant isolates identified in humans is steadily increasing, suggesting that the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains is a major threat to public health.
S
. Typhimurium is commonly identified in a wide range of animal hosts, food sources, and environments, but little is known about the factors mediating the spread of antibiotic resistance in this ecologically complex serovar. Previously, we developed a subtyping method, CRISPR–multi-virulence-locus sequence typing (MVLST), which discriminates among strains of several common
S. enterica
serovars. Here, CRISPR-MVLST identified 22 sequence types within a collection of 76
S
. Typhimurium isolates from a variety of animal sources throughout central Pennsylvania. Six of the sequence types were identified in more than one isolate, and we observed statistically significant differences in resistance among these sequence types to 7 antibiotics commonly used in veterinary and human medicine, such as ceftiofur and ampicillin (
P
< 0.05). Importantly, five of these sequence types were subsequently identified in human clinical isolates, and a subset of these isolates had identical antibiotic resistance patterns, suggesting that these subpopulations are being transmitted through the food system. Therefore, CRISPR-MVLST is a promising subtyping method for monitoring the farm-to-fork spread of antibiotic resistance in
S
. Typhimurium.
Genome Sequence of an Environmental Isolate of the Bacterial Pathogen Legionella pneumophila
Authors: Ma Jian , He Yongqun , Hu Bijie , Luo Zhao-Qing 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

We report here the genomic sequence of
Legionella pneumophila
strain LPE509 from the water distribution system of a hospital in Shanghai, China. This is the first complete genome sequence of an environmental
L. pneumophila
isolate. Genomic analyses identified approximately 600 genes unique to LPE509 compared to those of the 7 available
L. pneumophila
genomes.
Microbleeds as a predictor of intracerebral haemorrhage and ischaemic stroke after a TIA or minor ischaemic stroke: a cohort study
Authors: Kwa Vincent I H , Algra Ale , Brundel Manon , Bouvy Willem , Kappelle L Jaap 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesWe examined whether patients with cerebral microbleeds on MRI, who started and continued antithrombotic medication for years, have an increased risk of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH).DesignProspective cohort study.SettingsMulticentre outpatient clinics in the Netherlands.ParticipantsWe followed 397 patients with newly diagnosed transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or minor ischaemic stroke receiving anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs. 58% were men. The mean age was 65.3 years. 395 (99%) patients were white Europeans. MRI including a T2*-weighted gradient echo was performed within 3 months after start of medication. 48 (12%) patients had one or more microbleeds. They were followed every 6 months by telephone for a mean of 3.8 years.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcome was a symptomatic ICH. Secondary outcome were all strokes, ischaemic stroke, myocardial infarct, death from all vascular causes, death from non-vascular causes and death from all causes.ResultsFive patients (1%) suffered from a symptomatic ICH. One ICH occurred in a patient with microbleeds at baseline (adjusted HR 2.6, 95% CI 0.3 to 27). The incidence of all strokes during follow-up was higher in patients with than without microbleeds (adjusted HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0 to 5.3), with a dose–response relationship. The incidences of ischaemic stroke, vascular death, non-vascular death and death of all causes were higher in patients with microbleeds, but not statistically significant.ConclusionsIn our cohort of patients using antithrombotic drugs after a TIA or minor ischaemic stroke, we found that microbleeds on MRI are associated with an increased risk of future stroke in general, but we did not find an increased risk of symptomatic ICH.