bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global warming and coastal protected areas: A study on phytoplankton abundance and sea surface temperature in different regions of the Brazilian South Atlantic Coastal Ocean
Authors: da Silveira Bueno Carolina , Paytan Adina , de Souza Cassiano Dias , Franco Telma Teixeira 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, we examined the relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and phytoplankton abundance in coastal regions of the Brazilian South Atlantic: São Paulo, Paraná, and Santa Catarina, and the Protection Area of Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) in Santa Catarina (APA), a conservation zone established along 130 km of coastline. Using SST and chlorophyll‐a (Chl‐a) data from 2002 to 2023, we found significant differences in SST between the regions, with São Paulo having the highest SST, followed by Paraná and Santa Catarina. All locations showed a consistent increase in SST over the years, with North Santa Catarina, APA and São Paulo experiencing the lowest rate of increase. Correlation analyses between SST and Chl‐a revealed a stronger inverse relationship in North Santa Catarina and APA, indicating an increased response of Chl‐a to SST variations in this region. The presence of protected area appears to play an essential role in reducing the negative impacts of increasing SST. Specifically, while there is a wealth of research on the consequences of global warming on diverse coastal and oceanic areas, heterogeneity among different settings persists and the causes for this necessitating attention. Our findings have implications for both localized scientific approaches and broader climate policies, emphasizing the importance of considering coastal ecosystem resilience to climate change in future conservation and adaptation strategies.
Spin‐Crossover and Liquid Crystal Property in Fe(II) Complexes: Impact of Alkyl Chain Lengths
Authors: Yadav Jyoti , Joshi Sindhuja , De Ritobrata , Pal Santanu Kumar , Konar Sanjit 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMaterials that combine spin‐crossover (SCO) and liquid crystal (LC) behavior have gained significant attention due to their potential applications in technological devices, attributed to their easy processability. Herein, we report three neutral heteroleptic Fe(II) complexes: [Fe(dpa‐C4)2(NCS)2] (1), [Fe(dpa‐C6)2(NCS)2] (2), and [Fe(dpa‐C16)2(NCS)2] (3) (dpa‐Cn=N‐alkyl‐N‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)pyridin‐2‐amine; n=4, 6 and 16), which exhibit thermal‐induced spin transition behavior. The transition profiles and temperatures are effectively modulated by the length of the alkyl chains. Longer alkyl chains result in gradual and higher T1/2 values, while the shorter chains lead to abrupt SCO with lower T1/2 (i. e. T1/2=259 K (3) >237 K (2) >211 K (1)). Crystallographic studies reveal the impact of hydrophobic and hydrophilic packing in the crystal lattice, contributing to cooperativity and thereby affecting the SCO behavior. Complex 3 with long alkyl chain substitution, displayed non‐synchronized SCO‐LC behavior due to the thermal motion of the alkyl chains.
Short‐term multivariate airworthiness forecasting based on decomposition and deep prediction models
Authors: Tatli Ali , Filik Tansu , Bocu Erdogan , Karakoc Hikmet Tahir 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a model for predicting airworthiness in terms of meteorology information within the viewpoint of not only formal regulations but also informal rules based on acquired indicators from flight training organization experience (AIs‐FTOE). The case study is carried out in the Hasan Polatkan Airport which is used by the Department of Flight Training of Eskişehir Technical University (ESTU‐P), which is also recognized as a flight training organization. Within the study, the constraints (derived from regulations and AIs‐FTOE) and the data set used in models are explained. Also, the models are introduced based on the gated recurrent unit (GRU) and long short‐term memory (LSTM) with the use of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and variational mode decomposition (VMD). Finally, a model‐selective mechanism (MSM) is proposed to use the models in common. The findings show that the models presented in the study produce successful results that can be used in flight training organization's (FTO) planning studies. The MSM uses GRU and LSTM together with decomposition techniques to provide more advanced prediction capabilities. When the literature is examined, it is observed that although meteorological conditions are of vital importance in the efficiency of FTOs, there are not enough studies on airworthiness based on meteorology. So, a model that will assist in scheduling plans is presented for FTOs. Airworthiness analysis of forecasting can provide a comprehensive reference to support planning efficiency in FTOs. To the authors' knowledge, this study will be the first in the literature on airworthiness that presents the MSM using a hybrid deep learning algorithm and decomposition of time series models in concurrent.
Fortification of milk powder with cashew apple juice using maltodextrin as a carrier material: A novel dairy recipe
Authors: Sithu Rameshbabu Vinoth Kannan , Rangarajan Vivek , Manjare Sampatrao Dagu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFood preservation and fortification pose significant challenges in the fruit and dairy sectors, particularly in developing regions with limited infrastructure and rising production volumes. Cashew apples, rich in antioxidants such as vitamin C and polyphenolic compounds, often go to waste due to their high perishability. In Goa, India, these discarded fruits are used to produce “Feni,” an alcoholic beverage, but broader utilization strategies are still needed. This study introduces a novel approach to extend the shelf life of dairy products like milk powder and enhance their nutritional content by fortifying it with cashew apple juice (CAJ) through spray drying. In order to reduce moisture content during spray drying and to obtain a free‐flowing powder of the final product, maltodextrin was added. Maltodextrin alters the adhesive properties of the fruit juice droplets on surfaces and facilitates the formulation of free‐flowing powder. The key parameters including solubility, bulk density, and glass transition temperature, along with structural analyses such as X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, were evaluated to compare the fortified CAJ milk powder with its commercial counterparts. Experiments determined optimal spray‐drying conditions, achieving a free‐flowing powder at inlet and outlet temperatures of 140 and 60°C, respectively, with a 7% maltodextrin concentration (18 DE). The resulting milk powder displayed a Tg value of 76.7 ± 2.3°C, falling within the acceptable range of 65 to 98°C, demonstrating the feasibility of this fortification method based on the spray‐drying process parameters.
Unveiling the distinctive geochemical signature of fine ware through Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes: A site‐specific perspective from the site of Cales (South Italy)
Authors: Verde Maria , De Bonis Alberto , D'Antonio Massimo , Renson Virginie , Czujko Stephen , Tomeo Antonella , Morra Vincenzo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study explores the use of three isotopic systematics—Sr, Nd, and Pb— combined together for the first time to trace the origins of ancient pottery. This approach strengthens our ability to relate raw materials to the final products. The materials selected for the analysis are from a well‐documented data set, previously subjected to a thorough mineralogical–petrographic and chemical characterization. Seventeen ceramic specimens represented by black‐glazed pottery, Terra sigillata, and fine common ware as well as production indicators such as black‐glazed pottery wasters and spacers were examined via isotope analyses. These samples were discovered in the archaeological site of Cales, presently Calvi Risorta, in South Italy. CaO‐rich clay raw materials from the area of interest were also analyzed as comparative references for the investigated ceramics. The comparison of the archaeometric data of the ceramic samples with the clay raw materials showed an affinity between the ceramics studied and local clay raw materials belonging to Mio‐Pliocene marine sediments from the Campania Apennine Mountain area. This affinity was more accurately defined through the Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopes, which show coinciding signatures among ceramic samples, production indicators, and raw materials. The method yields promising outcomes that reinforce prior experimental investigations and amplify its reliability. The multi‐isotopic methodology highlights the significance of combining geochemical data to pinpoint the origins of raw materials used for ancient ceramic production.
Formulation of a CITE metric for evaluating the clinical implications of medical studies and their originating hospitals in China
Authors: Jianchao Gao , Xiaoyuan Chen , Chenyan Gao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe number of medical research publications by Chinese clinical investigators has risen substantially, contributing to 14.63% of the global total in 2019; however, their tangible impact on clinical decision‐making remains limited. Various evaluation methods have been developed to measure hospital research competence in China, such as Fudan University's China hospital ranking and Science and Technology Evaluation Metrics (STEM) ranking, which predominantly focuses on factors such as academic reputation, volume of publications and patents, and research resources. However, composite indices may not fully capture the actual clinical value generated by medical research. To address this gap, we introduced the “Clinical Influence and Timeliness Evaluation (CITE)” metric to assess both the clinical importance of a given medical research study and the clinical influence of the hospital where it originated. The methodology used relies on the premise that influential medical research would be referenced in clinical guidelines, which serve as critical resources for clinicians.MethodsThe CITE metric was applied for 78,636 medical studies concerning chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) published between 2000 and 2020 and referenced in both Chinese and international clinical guidelines for COPD. Specific indexes and formulas were derived to quantify the clinical weight of a medical research study (W) and its timeliness (T), enabling a dynamic assessment of the clinical value of each study and the overall contribution of a particular hospital.ResultsIn this analysis, we incorporated 499 hospitals in China and quantitatively identified their dynamic clinical influence in COPD from 2000 to 2020. Our findings offer objective and targeted evaluation metrics by focusing on clinical relevance and recognizing the collaborative nature of medical research.ConclusionThe CITE metric provides an innovative method to gauge the true impact of medical research in China, with potential applications across different medical specialties. CITE can serve as a useful tool for understanding the relationship between research input and practical clinical outcomes, ultimately promoting more clinically relevant research endeavors.
Effects of diabetes‐related foot ulcer depth on healing days, cost, and quality of life: A prospective observational study
Authors: Oe Makoto , Jais Suriadi , Sari Nurmila , Sanada Hiromi , Sasongko Agung , Haryanto Haryanto 
Published: August 2024

Key points

The relationship between the depth of the diabetes‐related foot ulcers, and the healing days, cost, and QOL was examined.
Depth 4 and 5 ulcers, namely beyond the tendons, exhibited significantly longer healing days and higher costs than Depth 2 and 3 ulcers. As for QOL, there were no significant differences in utility values between the depth categories.
Results on healing time and cost reiterate the importance of early consultation, especially before the depth becomes deeper than the tendon.
Retrospective, observational study of different medication regimens and outcome in children with cough variant asthma
Authors: Lou Nannan , Ma Xiang , Luo Qingxin , Wei Xiaoling , Zhang Yun , Guo Jing , Wang Jing , Gai Zhongtao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis retrospective longitudinal cohort study aimed to explore the best therapeutic regimen and treatment duration of cough variant asthma (CVA) in children.MethodsA total of 314 children with CVA were divided into receive inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) combined with long‐acting beta2‐agonist (LABA) group, ICS combined with leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRA) group, ICS monotherapy group and LTRA monotherapy group. All clinical data were statistically analyzed. Logistic regression model was used to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different treatment schemes at each follow‐up time point and the best treatment scheme. The Cox proportional hazard regression model based on inverse probability weighting was used to compare the effects of different medication regimens on adverse outcomes with asthma recurrence or progression as the end point.Results(1) After comprehensive analysis, ICS + LABA group was the preferred control regimen for CVA within 8 weeks. After 8 weeks of diagnosis, the efficacy of ICS group or LTRA group was comparable to that of ICS + LABA group and ICS + LTRA group. (2) The ICS + LABA group showed a significant improvement in cough at an early stage, particularly at 4 weeks; the symptoms of ICS + LTRA and ICS groups were significantly improved at 36 weeks. The LTRA group alone showed significant improvement at 20 weeks.ConclusionICS + LABA, ICS + LTRA, ICS alone and LTRA alone can effectively treat CVA. ICS + LABA could improve the symptoms most quickly within 8 weeks after CVA diagnosis, followed by ICS + LATR group. After 8 weeks, it can be reduced to ICS alone to control CVA for at least 36 weeks based on the remission of symptoms in children.
Basketball detection and trajectory prediction using IoT for assisting physical training
Authors: Liang Xianhui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWith the development of the Internet of Things (IoTs) and 5G technologies, more and more smart applications are emerging. This paper designs an IoTs‐based college basketball teaching system which can automatically detect basketball and predict its trajectory for auxiliary teaching. The difficulties include low‐latency video processing and a smart algorithm for automatic basketball detection and its trajectory prediction. For the former issue, the basketball videos are collected using a 5G camera and transmitted to the Jetson TX2 platform through a 5G network. For the latter issue, an end‐to‐end deep learning framework is proposed and deployed on the Jetson TX2 platform. First, a pre‐trained YOLOv5 is used to obtain high‐confidence candidate regions; then, the local dependencies are disclosed using a spatial graph convolutional layer; lastly, a multi‐head self‐attention (MSA) mechanism is used to improve the modeling of long‐distance dependencies. The proposed system is evaluated on a self‐built basketball dataset and the results show its effectiveness for basketball detection and trajectory prediction.
Structural breaks and GARCH models of exchange rate volatility: Re‐examination and extension
Authors: Hasanov Akram Shavkatovich , Brooks Robert , Abrorov Sirojiddin , Burkhanov Aktam Usmanovich 
Published: August 2024

SummaryWe examine the empirical significance of structural changes concerning generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models of exchange rate volatility using out‐of‐sample tests by replicating and carrying out robustness checks on the volatility forecasting study by Rapach and Strauss (Journal of Applied Econometrics, 2008; 23, 65–90). We employ the same econometric models but incorporate recent US dollar daily exchange rates data while also using different software, a relatively recent forecast accuracy test and loss metrics. Our objective is to attain scientific replication in a broad sense. Our analysis verifies and broadly aligns with the results obtained in the original study. In particular, we find strong evidence that the models incorporating structural breaks demonstrate superior performance across all loss functions and forecast horizons compared with those models that ignore instabilities.
Self‐assessment of professional competence and influential factors among dental students
Authors: Ghaemi‐Amiri Maryam , Mirzapour Abouzar , Gholinia Hemmatollah , Sistani Mohammad Mehdi Naghibi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and objectiveCompetency‐based education is recognized for evaluating dental students' knowledge and skills. However, practical management training, which is the hands‐on education and experience in managing operations and patient interactions, does not align fully with this framework. This study aims to assess professional competence and related factors among dental students using self‐assessment, contributing to dental education literature, and identifying areas for improvement.MethodsA cross‐sectional study included 50 total senior dental students from a top‐ranked dental school. With a response rate of 100%, data were collected using a structured questionnaire with three sections: personal information, self‐assessment of professional competency, and factors influencing competency. Statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics and tests like Chi‐square and ANOVA, analyzed the data.ResultsThe average self‐reported professional competence score was 71.15 with a standard deviation of 3.05. Associations between age, gender, grade point average (GPA), and self‐reported professional competence were assessed, with no significant links found (p > 0.05). Influential factors included interaction with clinical instructors (69.24%) and interest in dentistry (67.03%). No significant differences in self‐reported professional competence were observed among students residing on‐campus versus off‐campus.ConclusionAge, gender, and GPA do not significantly impact dental students’ self‐reported professional competence. Positive interaction with instructors and interest in dentistry contribute to skill development. Practical experience and effective educational relationships are crucial. Dental education institutions should improve clinical competence by fostering strong student‐instructor relationships, increasing hands‐on clinical training, and fostering student interest in dentistry.
Strong arc decompositions of split digraphs
Authors: Bang‐Jensen Jørgen , Wang Yun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA strong arc decomposition of a digraph is a partition of its arc set into two sets such that the digraph is strong for . Bang‐Jensen and Yeo conjectured that there is some such that every ‐arc‐strong digraph has a strong arc decomposition. They also proved that with one exception on four vertices every 2‐arc‐strong semicomplete digraph has a strong arc decomposition. Bang‐Jensen and Huang extended this result to locally semicomplete digraphs by proving that every 2‐arc‐strong locally semicomplete digraph which is not the square of an even cycle has a strong arc decomposition. This implies that every 3‐arc‐strong locally semicomplete digraph has a strong arc decomposition. A split digraph is a digraph whose underlying undirected graph is a split graph, meaning that its vertices can be partitioned into a clique and an independent set. Equivalently, a split digraph is any digraph which can be obtained from a semicomplete digraph by adding a new set of vertices and some arcs between and . In this paper, we prove that every 3‐arc‐strong split digraph has a strong arc decomposition which can be found in polynomial time and we provide infinite classes of 2‐strong split digraphs with no strong arc decomposition. We also pose a number of open problems on split digraphs.
Histopathological Patterns of Otosclerosis Progression: Exploring Otic Capsule and Round Window Involvement
Authors: Shimura Tomotaka , Keskin Yilmaz Nevra , Koerig Schuster Artur , Song Grace , Cureoglu Emre Abdullah , Kobayashi Sei , Rajan Dilshan , da Costa Monsanto Rafael 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesObliteration of the round window (RW) in cases of otosclerosis presents a significant clinical challenge due to its association with more severe hearing loss and a poorer prognosis for functional recovery after stapes surgery. The objective is to assess and characterize the occurrence of RW involvement in otosclerosis cases and to identify patterns of disease progression that may indicate a potential for RW obliteration.MethodsWe selected archival temporal bones from donors with otosclerosis. We evaluated the degree of RW obliteration using a semi‐quantitative scale and the location of the foci within the temporal bone, and whether the foci were continuous or isolated.ResultsMost of the foci were located anteriorly to the oval window (89.2%), while RW area involvement was seen in 26.9% of the ears. In cases with fenestral foci, 68.1% directly involved and/or fixed the footplate. Among donors with bilateral otosclerosis, foci affected both ears in a similar pattern in 64.2%. Among donors with RW involvement, ones with continuous, large lesions that extended from the oval window associated with complete RW obliteration, while ones with smaller degrees of obliteration had solitary foci scattered within the otic capsule.ConclusionOur results demonstrate a high rate of RW involvement in cases of otosclerosis. Ears with continuous lesions extending from the oval window region to the RW area were more likely to present with complete RW obliteration. These results provide insights that could lead to better prognostic assessment of patients with otosclerosis in the future.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 2024
Does polymixis complicate prediction of high‐frequency dissolved oxygen in lakes and reservoirs?
Authors: Robbins Caleb J. , Sadler Jeffrey M. , Trolle Dennis , Nielsen Anders , Wagner Nicole D. , Scott J. Thad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAs lake and reservoir ecosystems transition across major environmental regimes (e.g., mixing regime) resulting from anthropogenic change, setting predictive expectations is imperative. We tested the hypothesis that (dissolved) oxygen is more predictable in monomictic reservoirs that thermally stratify throughout the summer (warm) season compared to polymictic reservoirs that stratify intermittently. Using two‐hourly vertical profiles of oxygen, we compared daily‐aggregated errors of oxygen predictions from random forests across and within two monomictic and two polymictic reservoirs in the south‐central (subtropical) USA. Although one monomictic reservoir was typically more predictable than the polymictic reservoirs, the hypereutrophic, small monomictic reservoir had less predictable oxygen patterns potentially related to rapid oxygen cycling and intrusions of oxygenated waters in the hypolimnion without mixing. Daily mixing did not relate strongly to model errors. Water temperature, depth, and wind were the most important predictors, but were not clearly related to season or mixing. Lastly, we compared multiple model types (regression, neural network, and process‐based) in one polymictic reservoir to test how our interpretations of oxygen predictability were sensitive to model type, finding that the models generally agreed; however, the process‐based model poorly predicted oxygen in the middle of the vertical profiles (5 m) where most models performed poorly due to a temporally unstable, vacillating metalimnion. Our results suggest predicting reservoir oxygen dynamics may be easier in stratified reservoirs, but eutrophication and complex hydrodynamics may cause forecasting surprises especially for those who use or manage water resources in mono‐ or dimictic reservoirs.