bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling and analysis of floating spar‐type wind turbine drivetrain
Authors: Xing Y. , Karimirad M. , Moan T. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper studies the drivetrain dynamics of a 750 kW spar‐type floating wind turbine (FWT). The drivetrain studied is a high‐speed generator, one‐stage planetary, two‐stage parallel and three‐point support type. The response analysis is carried out in two steps. First, global aero‐hydro‐elastic‐servo time‐domain analyses are performed using HAWC2. The main shaft loads, which include the axial forces, shear forces and bending moments, are obtained in this integrated wind–wave response analysis. These loads are then used as inputs for the multi‐body drivetrain time‐domain analyses in SIMPACK. The investigations are largely based on comparisons of the main shaft loads and internal drivetrain responses from 1 h simulations. The tooth contact forces, bearing loads and gear deflections are the internal drivetrain response variables studied. The comparisons are based on the mean values, standard deviations and maximum values extrapolated using a 10 − 5 up‐crossing rate. Both operational and parked conditions are considered. The investigation consists of three parts. First, the responses are compared between the FWT and its equivalent land‐based version. Second, the contributions from the main shaft loads (shear forces, axial forces and bending moments) and nacelle motions are investigated individually. Third, an improved four‐point support (4PT) system is studied and compared against the original three‐point support system for the FWT. The results show that there are general increases in the standard deviations of the main shaft loads and internal drivetrain responses in the FWT. In addition, these increases are a result of the increased main shaft loads in the FWT, especially the non‐torque loads. Last, the 4PT system, when applied to a FWT drivetrain, significantly reduces the tooth contact forces and bearing loads in the low‐speed stage, but this result comes at the expense of increased main bearing radial loads. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing above‐ and below‐canopy representations of turbulent fluxes in an energy balance snowmelt model
Authors: Mahat Vinod , Tarboton David G. , Molotch Noah P. 
Published: February 2013

Key Points
Model that represents above and below canopy turbulent energy fluxes over snow
Quantifies sensitivity of snowmelt to vegetation consistent with measurements
Validated using both above and within canopy measurements
Groundwater depletion in the Middle East from GRACE with implications for transboundary water management in the Tigris‐Euphrates‐Western Iran region
Authors: Voss Katalyn A. , Famiglietti James S. , Lo MinHui , de Linage Caroline , Rodell Matthew , Swenson Sean C. 
Published: February 2013

Key Points
Massive rate of groundwater depletion in the Middle East
Would not have been observable if not for space‐based methods.
New policies are required for peaceable, sustainable water management
Reverse water‐level change during interference slug tests in fractured rock
Authors: Slack Trever Z. , Murdoch Lawrence C. , Germanovich Leonid N. , Hisz David B. 
Published: February 2013

Key Points
Reverse water level changes occur during slug tests in rock.
RWC results from coupling between pressure change and deformation.
RWC can be of the same magnitude as the expected pressure response.
Generation, transport, and disposal of wastewater associated with Marcellus Shale gas development
Authors: Lutz Brian D. , Lewis Aurana N. , Doyle Martin W. 
Published: February 2013

Key Points
First comprehensive estimates of wastewater from Marcellus shale gas wells
Marcellus wells produce less wastewater per unit gas than conventional wells
Cumulative Marcellus wastewater volume may soon overwhelm disposal capacity
A stochastic model for estimating groundwater and contaminant discharges from fractured rock passive flux meter measurements
Authors: Acar Özlem , Klammler Harald , Hatfield Kirk , Newman Mark A. , Annable Michael D. , Cho Jaehyun , Parker Beth L. , Cherry John A. , Pehme Pete , Quinn Patryk , Kroeker Ryan 
Published: February 2013

Key PointsThe FRPFM measures local water and contaminant fluxes in rock fractures.We develop an equation to estimate discharges across FRPFM control planes.We develop equation for maximum degree of uncertainty in discharge estimates.
Data evaluation for acoustic Doppler current profiler measurements obtained at fixed locations in a natural river
Authors: Petrie John , Diplas Panayiotis , Gutierrez Marte , Nam Soonkie 
Published: February 2013

Key Points
Velocity measurements are obtained with an ADCP in a regulated river
Procedures to assess the ADCP motion and record length are presented
Use of the law of the wall for flow in natural rivers is discussed
Calculating sediment trapping efficiencies for reservoirs in tropical settings: A case study from the Burdekin Falls Dam, NE Australia
Authors: Lewis Stephen E. , Bainbridge Zoë T. , Kuhnert Petra M. , Sherman Bradford S. , Henderson Brent , Dougall Cameron , Cooper Michelle , Brodie Jon E. 
Published: February 2013

Key Points
Brune and Churchill curves poorly predict reservoir trapping in tropical rivers
A modification to the Churchill curve shows promise to better predict trapping
The partitioning of particle size fractions through reservoirs are highlighted
Drainage Volume After Pancreaticoduodenectomy Is a Warning Sign of Chyle Leakage That Inversely Correlates With a Diagnosis of Pancreatic Fistula
Authors: Kim Jae Keun , Park Joon Seong , Hwang Ho Kyoung , Shin Hyun Wook , Yoon Dong Sup 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundChyle leakage is a rare complication of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), and its association with pancreatic fistula has not been established. The aim of this study was to (1) evaluate the incidence, management, and risk factors of chyle leakage after PD; (2) determine if there is a relation between chyle leakage and diagnosis of pancreatic fistula; and (3) predict chyle leakage with drainage volume early.MethodsA total of 222 patients underwent PD or pylorus‐preserving PD. We used the clinical database registry system of the Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System to establish a retrospective cohort with clinicopathologic data.ResultsAltogether, 24 patients (10.8 %) developed chyle leakage. Chyle leakage was identified at a median 5 days after surgery and a mean 2 days after enteral intake. The mean drain triglyceride level was 315 mg/dl. Early enteral intake was independently associated with chyle leakage. Chyle leakage was inversely correlated with a diagnosis of pancreatic fistula with marginal significance (odds ratio 0.27; 95 % confidence interval 0.66–1.09). The receiver operating characteristic curve of the volume on postoperative day 4 demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.740 (p = 0.0001). Drainage >335 ml indicated possible chyle leakage.ConclusionsChyle leakage after PD is associated with early enteral intake. It was inversely correlated with a diagnosis of pancreatic fistula because of the dilution effect of drainage volume on the concentration of drained amylase. Because early diagnosis helps with appropriate management, prediction/suspicion of chyle leakage based on drainage volume may be useful.
Temporal development of muscle atrophy in murine model of arthritis is related to disease severity
Authors: Filippin Lidiane I. , Teixeira Vivian N. , Viacava Paula R. , Lora Priscila S. , Xavier Laura L. , Xavier Ricardo M. 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, affecting mainly the joint but also other tissues. RA patients usually present weakness and muscle atrophy, nonarticular manifestations of the disease. Although causing great impact, the understanding of muscle atrophy, its development, and the mechanisms involved is still very limited. The objective of this study is to evaluate the development of muscle atrophy in skeletal muscle of a murine model of arthritis.MethodsThe experimental murine model of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) was used. DBA/1J mice were randomly divided into three groups: control (CO, n = 25), sham arthritis (SA, n = 25), and arthritis (CIA, n = 28), analyzed in different time points: 25, 35, and 45 days after the induction of arthritis. The arthritis development was followed by clinical scores and hind paw edema three times a week. The spontaneous exploratory locomotion and weight were evaluated weekly. In all time points, serum was collected before the death of the animals for cytokine analysis, and myofiber cross‐sectional areas (CSA) of gastrocnemius (GA) and tibialis anterior (TA) skeletal muscles were evaluated.ResultsThe clinical parameters of arthritis progressively increased in CIA in all experimental times, demonstrating the greatest difference from other groups at 45 days after induction (clinical score: CO, 00 ± 00; SA, 1.00 ± 0.14; CIA, 3.28 ± 0.41 p > 0.05). The CIA animals had lower weights during all the experimentation periods with a difference of 6 % from CO at 45 days (p > 0.05). CIA animals also demonstrated progressive decrease in distance walked, with a reduction of 54 % in 35 and 74 % at 45 days. Cytokine analysis identified significant increase in IL‐6 serum levels in CIA than CO and SA in all experimental times. CSA of the myofiber of GA and TA was decreased 26 and 31 % (p > 0.05) in CIA in 45 days after the induction of disease, respectively. There was significant and inverse correlation between the disease clinical score and myofiber CSA in 45 days (GA: r = −0.71; p = 0.021).ConclusionOur results point to a progressive development of muscle wasting, with premature onset arthritis. These observations are relevant to understand the development of muscle loss, as well as for the design of future studies trying to understand the mechanisms involved in muscle wasting. As far as we are concerned, this is the first study to evaluate the relation between disease score and muscle atrophy in a model of arthritis.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13539‐013‐0102‐1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Determinants of vitamin D status in pregnant fair-skinned women in Sweden
Authors: Brembeck Petra , Winkvist Anna , Olausson Hanna 
Published: February 2013

Low maternal vitamin D status during pregnancy may have negative consequences for both mother and child. There are few studies of vitamin D status and its determinants in pregnant women living at northern latitudes. Thus, the present study investigates vitamin D status and its determinants during the third trimester of women living in Sweden (latitudes 57–58°N). A total of ninety-five fair-skinned pregnant women had blood taken between gestational weeks 35 and 37. The study included a 4 d food diary and questionnaires on dietary intake, supplement use, sun exposure, skin type, travels to southern latitudes and measure of BMI. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was analysed using the chemiluminescence immunoassay. In the third trimester of pregnancy, mean serum concentration of 25(OH)D was 47·4 (sd18·1) nmol/l (range 10–93 nmol/l). In total, 65 % of women had serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l and 17 % < 30 nmol/l. During the winter, 85 % of the pregnant women had serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l and 28 % < 30 nmol/l. The main determinants of vitamin D status were as follows: season; use of vitamin D supplements; travels to southern latitudes. Together, these explained 51 % of the variation in 25(OH)D. In conclusion, during the winter, the majority of fair-skinned pregnant women had serum 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/l in their third trimester and more than every fourth woman < 30 nmol/l. Higher vitamin D intake may therefore be needed during the winter for fair-skinned pregnant women at northern latitudes to avoid vitamin D deficiency.
Wave dispersion derived from the square-root Klein–Gordon–Poisson system
Authors: HAAS F. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractRecently, there has been great interest around quantum relativistic models for plasmas. In particular, striking advances have been obtained by means of the Klein–Gordon–Maxwell system, which provides a first-order approach to the relativistic regimes of quantum plasmas. The Klein–Gordon–Maxwell system provides a reliable model as long as the plasma spin dynamics is not a fundamental aspect, to be addressed using more refined (and heavier) models involving the Pauli–Schrödinger or Dirac equations. In this work, a further simplification is considered, tracing back to the early days of relativistic quantum theory. Namely, we revisit the square-root Klein–Gordon–Poisson system, where the positive branch of the relativistic energy–momentum relation is mapped to a quantum wave equation. The associated linear wave propagation is analyzed and compared with the results in the literature. We determine physical parameters where the simultaneous quantum and relativistic effects can be noticeable in weakly coupled electrostatic plasmas.
Time since birth and time left to live: opposing forces in constructing psychological wellbeing
Authors: DEMIRAY BURCU , BLUCK SUSAN 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTAgeing, by definition, involves moving across lived time. Grounded in developmental psychology, particularly lifespan developmental theory, this study examines two time-related factors that may affect psychological wellbeing in adulthood. Particularly, chronological age and perceived time left to live (i.e.future time perspective) are predicted to act as opposing forces in the construction of psychological wellbeing. Young (N = 285, 19–29 years) and middle-aged adults (N = 135, 47–64 years) self-reported their current psychological wellbeing (across six dimensions) and their sense of future time perspective. As predicted, mediation analyses show that higher levels of chronological age (being in midlife), and having a more open-ended, positive future time perspective are both related to higher psychological wellbeing. Note, however, that being in midlife is related to a more limited and negative future time perspective. As such, confirming our conceptual argument, while both age and future perspective are measures of time in a general sense, analyses show that they act as unique, opposing forces in the construction of psychological wellbeing. The current research suggests that individuals can optimise psychological wellbeing to the extent that they maintain an open-ended and positive sense of the future.
Strumming a place of one's own: gender, independence and the East Asian pop-rock screen
Authors: Tsai Eva , Shin Hyunjoon 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe first decade of the 21st century has seen a concurrent rise of pop-rock screen productions in Japan, South Korea and Taiwan, particularly feature films, documentaries and TV series informed by the guitar and/or band culture. This paper probes the popularisation of pop-rock in the region and asks what gender and sexual expressions have been mobilised in such productions and representations. The paper juxtaposes dominant gender tropes, such as the failing male rocker in search of rebirth (Korea), romantic youth pursuing authenticity (Japan), dazzling but also bedazzled rocker-girl on stage (Japan), indie music goddess in control of subdued femininity (Korea) and peripheral girl-with-acoustic-guitar who chronicles boys' sorrow (Taiwan). Responding to the familiar myth of rebellion in pop-rock discourses, our inter-referential analysis suggests that East Asian pop-rock screen is about the making of heterotopias rather than utopias.
Representing Japan: ‘national’ style among Japanese hip-hop DJs
Authors: Manabe Noriko 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBased on ethnographic interviews, this paper examines how Japanese hip-hop DJs distinguish themselves in the global marketplace in ways that reflect on Japan's two self-images: its impenetrable uniqueness and its adeptness at assimilating other cultures (cf. Ivy, Iwabuchi). Following the autoexoticist strategies of Takemitsu and Akiyoshi, DJ Krush and Shing02 draw on Japanese uniqueness by integrating Japanese instruments (e.g.shakuhachi, shamisen, taiko), genres (biwanarrative), and aesthetics (ma, imperfection) into their works; Evis Beats takes a more parodic approach. At the DMC World Championships, Japanese DJs including DJ Kentarō have competed on the basis of eclecticism and originality in assimilating multiple sound sources. While countering the stereotype of the Japanese as imitators, this emphasis on originality may place some contestants too far from prevailing trends, putting them at a disadvantage. Both strategies imply that Japanese artists experience anxieties regarding their authenticity, necessitating strategies to differentiate themselves.
Deliberating fandom and the new wave of Chinese pop: a case study of Chris Li
Authors: Fung Anthony 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn terms of circulation and sales of albums, the most popular pop music found in mainland China today is the Mandopop imported from Taiwan. The pop music that is genuinely locally produced in China by mainland producers and artists, and which is most notable to the outside world is probably the Chinese rock music and the wave of ‘northwest wind’ pop music produced locally in China in the late 1980s. However, after 2005, there emerged a new kind of Chinese pop that is commercially successful and a product of the nationalPop Idol-like singing contest. This paper describes and explicates the broad popularity of this new wave of Chinese pop. Putting aside the overly discussed topic of democracy that comes out of such politicisedSupergirlcontests, this paper focuses on the nature of the melody and lyrics of pop idol winner Chris Li's songs and how their unique formulation evolves into an important ‘short wave’ of Chinese pop.
High-precision small-scale laser focal spot measurements
Authors: Lu Z.W. , Liu X.Y. , Wang X. , Ba D.X. , Jiang Z.H. , Du P.Y. , Zhu C.Y. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this paper, a method of two-dimensional fine-scanning with charge coupled device has been conducted to precisely measure spatial position and intensity distribution of small-scale focal spot (diameter in microns). The measurement accuracy of the small-scale focal spot position is better than 1 µm when the fluctuations of the light energy and background noise are relatively small. The theoretical analysis is consistent with the experimental results.
Seasonal pattern of hepatitis E virus prevalence in swine in two different geographical areas of China
Authors: LU Y. H. , QIAN H. Z. , HU A. Q. , QIN X. , JIANG Q. W. , ZHENG Y. J. 
Published: February 2013

SUMMARYWe studied seasonal patterns of swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in China. From 2008 to 2011, 4200 swine bile specimens were collected for the detection of HEV RNA. A total of 92/2400 (3·83%) specimens in eastern China and 47/1800 (2·61%) specimens in southwestern China were positive for HEV. Seasonal patterns differing by geographical area were suggested. In eastern China, the major peak of HEV RNA prevalence was during March–April, with a minor peak during September–October, and a dip during July–August. In southwestern China, the peak was during September–October and the dip during March–April. The majority of subtype 4a cases (63/82, 76·83%) were detected in the first half of the year, while the majority of subtype 4b cases (26/29, 89·66%) were concentrated in the second half of the year, suggesting that different subtypes contribute to different peaks. Our results indicate that the distribution of HEV subtypes is associated with seasonal patterns.
Tissue Doppler, strain, and strain rate measurements assessed by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in healthy newborns and infants
Authors: Elkiran Ozlem , Karakurt Cemsit , Kocak Gulendam , Karadag Ahmet 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate cardiac maturational and haemodynamic alteration in healthy newborns and infants and determine reference values in this period using tissue Doppler, strain, and strain rate echocardiography.Material and MethodsThe study included 149 healthy subjects. Babies from 1 day to 3 months were selected from the well-baby nursery department, and infants were selected from paediatric clinics during routine visits for health maintenance. Subjects were allocated to four groups: preterm (36–37 weeks, n = 32), term (≥38 weeks, n = 32), 1 month of age (n = 47), and 3 months of age (n = 38). Standard echocardiographic evaluations, pulsed wave Doppler, tissue Doppler echocardiography, strain, and strain rate studies were applied by the same person using a MyLab50 echo machine. Longitudinal and circumferential systolic strain and strain rate measurements were assessed by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in all subjects.ResultsThe longitudinal systolic velocity, strain, and strain rate values derived from left ventricle apical four-, three-, and two-chamber images, and circumferential systolic velocity, strain, and strain rate values derived from left ventricle short-axis images decreased from the base to the apex in all subjects (p < 0.001).ConclusionSignificant cardiac haemodynamic alterations occurred during the newborn and early infancy periods and were detected by tissue Doppler, strain, and strain rate echocardiography. Although two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography is useful and can produce improved, reliable results in clinical practice, it has some limitations. Therefore, more studies on this issue are required.
Subclinical arterial stiffness in young children after Kawasaki disease
Authors: Oguri Masato , Nakamura Tsuneyuki , Tamanuki Keita , Akita Chisato , Kitaoka Chika , Saikawa Yutaka , Takahashi Masato 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundRecent studies have revealed that atherosclerosis progresses faster than expected in young adults with a history of Kawasaki disease. However, it is unclear as to when these arterial changes become measurable. In this study, we evaluated subclinical arterial stiffness in young children with a history of Kawasaki disease using two-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking.MethodsA total of 75 children with a history of Kawasaki disease (mean age, 8.2 ± 2.8 years) and 50 healthy controls (mean age 8.3 ± 3.5 years) were included. The two regions of interest for speckle tracking were manually positioned at the anterior and posterior carotid arterial wall using a Philips iE33 (Philips Medical Systems, Bothell, WA, USA). The peak systolic strain, time to peak systolic strain, early systolic strain rate, and late systolic strain rate were continuously monitored between the two regions of interest. Furthermore, the intimal-medial thickness, stiffness β, and pressure-elastic modulus, as conventional measures of arterial stiffness, were concurrently obtained.ResultsThe peak systolic strain and late systolic strain rate differed significantly between the patients with Kawasaki disease and controls (6.69% versus 8.60%, p < 0.01, and −0.28/second versus −0.51/second, p < 0.0001, respectively). There was no difference in the time to peak systolic strain, early systolic strain rate, and conventional measures.ConclusionsThe arteries of patients with Kawasaki disease appear to develop mild sclerotic changes shortly after the onset of the disease.