bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micro‐Neutralization Test for Mumps Virus Using the 96‐Well Tissue Culture Plate and PAP (Peroxidase‐Anti peroxidase) Staining Technique
Authors: Okuno Yoshinobu , Yamanishi Koichi , Lwin Soe , Takahashi Michiaki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA rapid micro‐test method for mumps virus neutralization was developed. In this method, a 96‐well tissue culture plate was used for preparation of cell monolayers and the PAP staining technique was used for visualization of mumps virus infected cells. Clusters of infected cells were observed as a focus and the numbers of foci could be counted by the naked eye 2 days after the infection. A linear relationship between virus dilutions and focus numbers was observed. When neutralizing antibodies in sera from cases of natural mumps infection were assayed, a good correlation was observed between those obtained by the focus reduction method applying the micromethod and those obtained by the ordinary plaque method. Our results indicate that this micromethod is useful in mumps virus neutralization tests and it has many advantages over other methods previously reported.
Increased Multiplication of Dengue Virus in Mouse Peritoneal Macrophage Cultures by Treatment with Extracts of Ascaris‐Parascaris Parasites
Authors: Wiharta Agus S. , Hotta Hak , Hotta Susumu , Matsumura Takeo , Sujudi  , Tsuji Moriyasu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMethylcellulose‐elicited peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice were cultivated in vitro and inoculated with dengue virus (DV). At intervals thereafter portions of the culture fluids were taken and titrated for viral infectivity. Extracts from Ascaris suum and Parascaris equorum, either crude or Sephadex G‐100 fractionated, were examined for effects on the multiplication of DV. The macrophage cultures treated with the above substances produced larger amounts of DV compared with untreated control cultures. The enhancing effect of the substances depended on doses added and duration of treatment and was suppressed by co‐treatment with carrageenan, a specific macrophage‐inhibiting agent, but was not related to the viability of cultured cells. In fluorescent antibody (FA) as well as infectious center assay experiments, it was shown that the DV‐infected cells were found more frequently in treated cultures than in untreated control cultures. In the treated cultures phagocytosis by cultured cells was also of a higher magnitude than that in untreated cultures. In cocultures of macrophages and splenocytes from the same line of mice, no additive effect of splenocytes was noted. The limulus amebocyte lysate clotting enzyme reaction (Limulus test) indicated that involvement of bacterial lipo‐polysaccharides in the enhancement phenomena was negligible. The data so far obtained suggest that the enhancing effect was due to direct action of the parasitic extracts on macrophages. Four Sephadex G‐100 fractions from the crude extracts showed similar activities; however, the effects of fractions I and III appeared to be comparatively strong. Significance of the findings in relation to the pathogenesis of DV infection was discussed.
Dual Effects of OK‐432 on Mitogenic Response of Splenocytes to Concanavalin A
Authors: Tomioka Haruaki , Saito Hajime , Nagashima Kiyofumi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOK‐432, a streptococcal preparation, was studied for its effect on the concanavalin A (Con A)‐induced mitogenesis of the host spleen cells. When mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of OK‐432, there was a substantial increase in the mitogenic response of splenocytes, whereas multiple injections conversely resulted in a marked reduction of the mitogenic response, when the spleen cells were cultured at high cell densities of over than 5 × 105 cells/well. The reduced Con A‐responsiveness in the latter was not restored by mixing spleen cells from mice given multiple OK‐432 injections with those from normal mice. Moreover, splenic macrophages from OK‐432‐injected mice exhibited marked inhibitory activity against Con A‐mitogenesis of normal splenocytes, while normal splenic macrophages failed to show such an effect. Splenic T cells from OK‐432‐injected mice also showed an inhibitory activity against Con A‐mitogenesis of normal splenocytes and similar activity was also noted in normal splenic T cells. Therefore, the OK‐432‐spleen cells contain two types of suppressor cells; one is a newly elicited suppressor macrophage and the other is a suppressor T cell supposedly resident also in normal spleen cells. In the OK‐432‐injected spleen cells, accessory cell function for T cell Con A‐mitogenesis was markedly reduced. On the other hand, it was noted that the interleukin 2‐producing ability of the OK‐432‐splenocytes was augmented more than that of normal splenocytes, indicating that multiple OK‐432 injections also cause an increase in the helper T cell activity of the host spleen cells.
Potentiality of Artificial Sea Water Salts for the Production of Carrageenase by a Marine Cytophaga sp.
Authors: Sarwar Golam , Oda Hiroshi , Sakata Taizo , Kakimoto Daiichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractProduction of an extracellular enzyme complex (carrageenase) was studied by examining cell‐free fluids from cultures of a marine Cytophaga, 1k‐C783, growing on different media.Among artificial sea water salts, only NaCl and MgCl2 were utilized by the organism to produce carrageenase. The minimal concentrations of suitable com2 binations of NaCl and MgCl2 were found to be 0.05 M NaCl plus 0.25 M MgCl2, and 0.15 M NaCl plus 0.15 M MgCl2. KCl and CaCl2 did not have any role in carrageenase production in ZoBell 2216 E broth medium.Carrageenase was synthesized continuously within the resting cells and was released from the cells as well as in the growing cells, when nutrient had been supplied.
Abnormal Glucose Metabolism in Murine Cytomegalovirus (MCMV)‐Infected Mice
Authors: Hayashi Kozaburo , Fujisaki Yoko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFive strains of male and female mice were infected with salivary gland‐passaged murine cytomegalovirus (SG‐MCMV) intraperitoneally. Although none of them became hyperglycemic, 13–30% of BALB/c male and female, ICR/Slc male and female and C57BL/6J male mice had abnormal values in glucose tolerance tests (GTT) 14 to 30 day post infection. Serum insulin levels in BALB/c male mice were low and infective virus was detected in the pancreas during the acute phase of infection. Histopathology showed mild edematous changes with inflammatory cell infiltrations in the pancreas. Viral antigen was located in acinar cells and occasionally in beta cells by an immunofluorescence test.
Role of Interleukin 2 on Enhancement of Concanavalin A‐Induced Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Proliferation by Murine B Cell Mitogens
Authors: Nitta Toshimasa , Konno‐Ejiri Hiromi , Okumura Seiichi , Ozawa Atsushi , Nakano Masayasu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMurine B cell mitogens such as bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), butanol‐extracted water soluble adjuvant (Bu‐WSA), dextran sulfate (DS), synthetic muramyl dipeptide (MDP), and its analog MDP‐Lys (L18) do not show any mitogenic ability in vitro on human peripheral blood lymphocytes or mixed cell populations of purified T and B cells obtained from the lymphocytes in an ordinary culture system. However, these mitogens are capable of enhancing the mitogenic effect of concanavalin A (Con A) in the cultures.In the presence of one of these mitogens, the activity of interleukin 2 (IL 2), but not interleukin 1, in the supernatants obtained from cultures containing Con A‐stimulated T cell and B cell populations was higher than that of control cultures. The role of the newly produced IL 2 in the synergistic effect of the mitogens in human lymphocyte cell cultures was discussed.
Enhancement of Dengue Virus Infection in Cultured Mouse Macrophages by Lipophilic Derivatives of Muramyl Peptides
Authors: Hotta Hak , Sanchez Luis Fernando , Takada Haruhiko , Homma Morio , Kotani Shozo 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDengue virus multiplication in cultures of a murine myelomonocytic cell line (WEHI‐3) as well as mouse peritoneal macrophages was enhanced by treatment of the cells with lipophilic derivatives of muramyl peptides for 2 or 3 days before virus inoculation, but not for 2 hr before virus inoculation or during the adsorption period. The infection‐enhancing activity of the materials was dependent on their chemical structure, correlating with their immunoadjuvanticity. The infection enhancement in WEHI‐3 cells was due primarily to an increase in the number of virus‐infected cells which was accompanied by an increased cellular capacity to bind latex particles to their cell surfaces.
Some Properties of Vibrio vulnificus Hemolysin
Authors: Shinoda Sumio , Miyoshi Shin‐Ichi , Yamanaka Hiroyasu , Miyoshi‐Nakahara Noriko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSome properties of hemolysin produced by Vibrio vulnificus were investigated. The hemolysin was heat labile, and the hemolytic activity was inhibited by adding cholesterol or divalent cations. Cholesterol inhibited the temperature‐independent hemolysin‐binding step, suggesting that cholesterol made up the binding site of the cell membrane, whereas the divalent cations inhibited the temperature‐dependent membrane‐degradation step. However, the V. vulnificus hemolysin was stable to oxygen and sulfhydryl reagents and was not inactivated by antiserum against streptolysin O, suggesting that the V. vulnificus hemolysin differs from oxygen‐labile hemolysins which bind to cholesterol. The V. vulnificus hemolysin seems to be one of the exceptional cholesterol‐binding hemolysins.
Attachment of Mycoplasma pulmonis to Rat and Mouse Synovial Cells Cultured In Vitro
Authors: Araake Minako , Yayoshi Masumi , Yoshioka Morimasa 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe attachment of Mycoplasma pulmonis m53 organisms to mouse and rat synovial cells was examined by using the organisms and the synovial cells treated in various ways. M. pulmonis treated with trypsin attached to the synovial cells, but the organisms treated with pronase, formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, or heat did not. These findings suggest that the sites for binding M. pulmonis to the mouse and rat synovial cells are of polypeptide nature. Treatment of M. pulmonis with sialic acid and treatment of the synovial cell sheets with neuraminidase did not affect the attachment. The synovial cell surface for receptors M. pulmonis organisms would be different from those on respiratory cells or erythrocytes for M. pneumoniae or M. gallisepticum. Even nonviable organisms and M. pulmonis membranes attached to the mouse or rat synovial cells. The nature of the receptor of mouse synovial cells would be different from that of rat cells, since rat cells were affected by treatment with formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde, but mouse cells were not.
Sequential Production of Alpha and Beta Interferons and Gamma Interferon in the Circulation of Listeria monocytogenes‐Infected Mice after Stimulation with Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Nakane Akio , Minagawa Tomonori 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSequential production of interferon (IFN)‐α/β and IFN‐γ in the circulation of mice which had been previously infected with viable Listeria monocytogenes was induced by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from Salmonella typhimurium. IFN‐α/β production occurred 2 hr after injection of LPS, thereafter IFN‐γ appeared and the maximum titer was demonstrated at 6 hr. At that time, almost all of the IFN was IFN‐γ. IFN‐γ production in response to LPS was observed from the 5th through the 11th day after infection with Listeria, but it was not demonstrated in either mice infected with lower doses of viable Listeria or mice immunized with heat‐killed bacteria. IFN‐α/β production was not drastically affected by treatment with hydrocortisone, cyclophosphamide, carrageenan, antithymocyte serum, or anti‐asialo GM1 antibody, whereas IFN‐γ production was suppressed by administration of all those agents. Noteworthily, IFN‐α/β, but not IFN‐γ, was produced even 6 hr after stimulation with LPS in cyclophosphamide‐ or antithymocyte serum‐treated mice. IFN‐γ induction by LPS was markedly suppressed in mice in which IFN‐α/β produced by Listeria infection itself had been depleted by treatment with anti‐mouse IFN‐α/β antibody, but it was not inhibited in mice when IFN‐α/β induced not by Listeria infection but by LPS had been depleted by treatment with anti‐mouse IFN‐α/β antibody.
Studies on Pathogenesis of Buffalo Pox Virus in Rabbits: Quantitative Assay of Virus in Different Organs
Authors: Chandra Rajesh , Singh Indra Pal , Garg Shri Krishna 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe buffalo pox virus was found to multiply in the skin, the primary site of inoculation with an eclipse phase of 12 hr. The virus was then detected in the skin after 15 hr followed by its appearance in regional lymph nodes 36 hr postinoculation. Primary viremia was detected 48 hr postinoculation, followed by detection of virus in the lungs, liver, and spleen. The virus multiplied in the lungs on day 4 and in the liver and spleen on day 5 postinoculation and its release led to secondary viremia. In a follow‐up from day 7 to 14 postinoculation, the virus was detected in the kidneys, stomach, intestines, and gonads.
Monoclonal and Oligoclonal Immunoglobulins Localized in Human Dental Periapical Lesion
Authors: Matsumoto Yukihiro 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe gamma‐globulin fractions of extracts obtained from 70 periapical lesions were studied by agarose gel electrophoresis and immunofixation. In agarose gel electrophoresis, homogeneous bands in the gamma‐globulin region were found in 25 of 70 specimens (36%). Among the 25 specimens showing homogeneous bands, these bands in six specimens were identified as monoclonal or oligoclonal immunoglobulins. Local production of oligoclonal immunoglobulins was suggested since the corresponding homogeneous bands were not detected in the serum of the same patient. These immunoglobulins may be produced as a result of local immunogenic response against infecting bacteria in periapical inflammation.
Anti‐O‐Phosphotyrosine Antibodies in Human Sera
Authors: Ogawa Ryoichi , Ohtsuka Masahiro , Noguchi Kenichi , Iwamura Kenichiro , Watanabe Yasushi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAntibodies reactive with O‐phosphotyrosine (PTYR) were detected in 60 out of 621 inpatients, with high frequencies in hematologic and lung malignancies, hepatic diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and autoimmune diseases. Affinity‐purified antibodies proved capable of recognizing PTYR‐containing proteins in a human carcinoma cell line, A431, both by immunofluorescent staining and by immunoaffinity chromatography, but had no detectable affinity for phosphorylated serine or threonine, or for the nucleotides tested. In these respects, the antibodies observed in human sera were indistinguishable from anti‐PTYR antibodies raised experimentally in rabbits or mice.
Cloning and Expression of the pnd Gene of R16: Determination of Transcriptional Direction and Evolutionary Analysis
Authors: Sakikawa Tomi , Akimoto Shigeru , Ohnishi Yoshinari 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe gene promoting nucleic‐acid degradation (pnd) of IncB plasmid R16 was cloned into the vector plasmid pACYC177. The pnd gene was found to be located on a 0.55‐kilobase (kb) AluI‐PstI fragment by constructing subclones carrying various portions of the initially cloned fragment. The direction of transcription of the pnd gene was determined by inserting the gene in both orientations into the lacZ′ gene of the plasmid pUR222. In the recombinant plasmid pCM2, transcription of the pnd gene was controlled by the lac promoter region. Addition of cAMP at 42 C resulted in rapid degradation of stable RNA in cells harboring pCM2. In contrast, no RNA degradation was observed in cells harboring pCM14, which has the same insert as pCM2 but in the opposite orientation.The equivalent gene, pnd of IncIα plasmid R483, has previously been cloned, and a detailed restriction map of the region has been constructed (Akimoto, S., and Ohnishi, Y. 1982. Microbiol. Immunol. 26: 779–793). We constructed a detailed restriction map of the pnd region of R16 and compared it with that of R483. Restriction analyses revealed a similar structure in these two pnd regions. The results suggest that the pnd genes of R16 and R483 have a common evolutional origin.
Virulence of Chick Embryo Fibroblast‐Passaged Flury HEP Rabies Virus and Its Revertants in Mice
Authors: Arai Yohko T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractChick embryo fibroblast‐passaged Flury high egg passage (HEP) rabies virus failed to kill nude mice or cyclophosphamide‐treated mice when inoculated intracerebrally. The virus regained neurovirulence for adult mice after three passages in mouse neuroblastoma C1300 cells (NA cells). However, even after 20 passages in NA cells, the virulence could not be increased to the level shown by the virus passaged several times in suckling mice.Some physiological and biological properties of the virus showing and not showing mouse virulence after five serial passages and after one single passage in NA cells, respectively, were compared.
A Field Study of Infection with Human T‐Cell Leukemia Virus among Asian Primates
Authors: Ishida Takafumi , Yamamoto Kohtaro , Ishimoto Goichi , Shotake Takayoshi , Takenaka Osamu , Nozawa Ken , Hayami Masanori , Hinuma Yorio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAsian nonhuman primates were surveyed seroepidemiologically for natural infection with human T‐cell leukemia virus (ATLV/HTLV) or a closely related agent. Materials from various primates (three genera [Macaca, Presbytis, and Hylobates], 17 species, totalling 1,079 animals) under natural conditions were obtained in the field study. Virus infection was determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test using HTLV‐specific antigens. Animals seropositive for HTLV were found only among macaques originating from various localities, toque monkeys in Sri Lanka (17.5%), crab‐eating macaques in Thailand (1.3%), stumptailed macaques in Thailand (1.5%), rhesus monkeys in Thailand (3.3%), and Celebes macaques in Indonesia (16.9%). Langurs and gibbons were seronegative. Thus the wide distribution of HTLV in nature among various macaques suggests that the introduction of this virus into primates occurred in ancient times.
Persistence of Mumps Virus in Mouse L929 Cells
Authors: Ito Yasuhiko , Tsurudome Masato , Hishiyama Michiko 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe characteristics of a persistent infection of L929 cells with mumps virus (MuV) is presented. The persistent infection (L‐MuV cells) was regulated by interferon (IFN) produced endogenously and almost all the properties showed that the carrier culture was maintained by horizontal transmission of the virus. Small‐plaque mutants, but not temperature‐sensitive variants, were selected during the persistent infection.MuV released from L‐MuV cells (MuV‐pi) replicated efficiently in L929 cells, while infection of L929 cells with the original MuV‐o resulted in an abortive infection. The efficient replication of MuV‐pi in L929 cells can be explained by the findings that MuV‐pi induced IFN more slowly and had lower susceptibility to IFN in L929 cells than MuV‐o did. M protein was synthesized to a considerable degree in MuV‐pi‐infected cells, while it could not be detected in MuV‐o‐infected cells. By contrast, MuV‐pi formed small plaques in Vero cell monolayers and the yield of MuV‐pi in Vero cells was lower than that of MuV‐o. M protein induced by MuV‐pi decayed easily in Vero cells. M protein was considered to be a limiting factor for MuV replication in both cell lines.
A Novel Cell‐Surface Antigen Expressed on Most Leukocytes and a Minor Cortisone‐Resistant Population of Thymocytes in Rats: Characterization by Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Matsuura Akihiro , Ishii Yoshifumi , Iwaki Hiroyuki , Kikuchi Kokichi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractA cell‐surface antigen on rat lympho‐hemopoietic cells was determined by using a monoclonal antibody, R2–1B3 (1B3). The 1B3 antibody, when tested for its reactivity with different hemopoietic cells by cytofluorography with a FACS analyzer, labeled more than 80% of lymph node, spleen, and bone marrow cells and 10–20% of thymus cells. Cytofluorographic analysis performed on purified rat T cells, B cells, macrophages, and granulocytes demonstrated that the antigen defined by 1B3 was readily detectable on all of these cell types, with the greatest expression on B cells. A minor population of thymocytes that were labeled by 1B3 appeared to be cortisone‐resistant and were located mainly in the thymic medulla. These 1B3 positive thymic cells seemed to be functionally more mature than 1B3‐negative thymus cells as suggested by the fact that the cytotoxic treatment of thymus cells with 1B3 antibody and complement (C) resulted in significant reduction of their responsiveness to phytomitogens and lymphokines derived from concanavalin A (con A) activated rat spleen cell cultures. Immunochemical data showed that 1B3 antibody recognized the broad ill‐defined band with a molecular weight of 32K to 47K daltons as estimated by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These data indicate that the 1B3 defined antigen is distinct from other, previously reported, antigens on rat lymphoid cells including leukocyte‐common (L‐C) and MRC OX‐22 antigens, and that this 1B3 antibody is a useful reagent for analyzing the intrathymic differentiation of T cells in rats.
Protective Effect of Colostrum in Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infection Induced in Infant Mice
Authors: Katsura Takuya , Kanamori Masato , Ogata Sachio , Kitamoto Osamu 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe immunological responses and mechanism of maternal immunity in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection of mice were investigated. ICR female mice, 4 weeks old, and infant mice, 2 to 4 days old, were infected with M. pneumoniae. Anti‐M. pneumoniae antibodies in serum and colostrum were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The specific IgG antibody production persisted for 9 months or longer in both the young and infant mice. These infected mice were protected from rechallenge with M. pneumoniae. In addition, the infected dams conferred passive immunity on their offspring. The infant mice born to uninfected normal dams were protected from the challenge with M. pneumoniae when fed by infected foster dams. Conversely, the infant mice born to infected dams were not protected from the challenge with M. pneumoniae when the infants were fed by uninfected dams. The specific IgG antibody appeared in serum of infant mice inoculated orally with M. pneumoniae‐infected mouse serum and the infants were protected from challenge with M. pneumoniae, while the infants given protein A‐absorbed serum were not protected from the challenge. These results suggest that one of the factors involved in the resistance of infant mice to M. pneumoniae infection is the specific IgG antibody present in the colostrum rather than the result of transplacental transfer.
Numerical Identification of Slowly Growing Mycobacteria
Authors: Tsukamura Michio 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNumerical identification using the range of a species defined as (M±2s)% was shown to be suitable for the identification of slowly growing mycobacteria. In the formula, M is the mean matching coefficient for individual strains of each species to the hypothetical median organism pattern of their own species and s is the standard deviation.