bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Inertia in People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Khunti Kamlesh , Wolden Michael L. , Thorsted Brian Larsen , Andersen Marc , Davies Melanie J. 
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE
To determine time to treatment intensification in people with type 2 diabetes treated with one, two, or three oral antidiabetes drugs (OADs) and associated levels of glycemic control.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a retrospective cohort study based on 81,573 people with type 2 diabetes in the U.K. Clinical Practice Research Datalink between January 2004 and December 2006, with follow-up until April 2011.

RESULTS
In people with HbA1c ≥7.0, ≥7.5, or ≥8.0% (≥53, ≥58, or ≥64 mmol/mol), median time from above HbA1c cutoff to intensification with an additional OAD was 2.9, 1.9, or 1.6 years, respectively, for those taking one OAD and &gt;7.2, &gt;7.2, and &gt;6.9 years for those taking two OADs. Median time to intensification with insulin was &gt;7.1, &gt;6.1, or 6.0 years for those taking one, two, or three OADs. Mean HbA1c at intensification with an OAD or insulin for people taking one, two, or three OADs was 8.7, 9.1, and 9.7%. In patients taking one, two, or three OADs, median time from treatment initiation to intensification with an OAD or insulin exceeded the maximum follow-up time of 7.2 years. The probability of patients with poor glycemic control taking one, two, or three OADs, intensifying at end of follow-up with an OAD, was 21.1–43.6% and with insulin 5.1–12.0%.

CONCLUSIONS
There are delays in treatment intensification in people with type 2 diabetes despite suboptimal glycemic control. A substantial proportion of people remain in poor glycemic control for several years before intensification with OADs and insulin.
Sex-Specific Associations of Gestational Glucose Tolerance With Childhood Body Composition
Authors: Regnault Nolwenn , Gillman Matthew W. , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Eggleston Emma , Oken Emily 
Published: July 2013

OBJECTIVE
To examine the associations of maternal gestational glucose tolerance with offspring body composition in late childhood.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Among 958 women in the prebirth cohort Project Viva, glucose tolerance was assessed in the second trimester by nonfasting 50-g 1-h glucose challenge test (GCT), followed if abnormal by fasting 100-g 3-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). We categorized women as normoglycemic (83.3%) if GCT was ≤140 mg/dL, isolated hyperglycemia (9.1%) if GCT was abnormal but OGTT normal, intermediate glucose intolerance (IGI) (3.3%) if there was one abnormal value on OGTT, or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (4.5%) if there were two or more abnormal OGTT values. Using multivariable linear regression, we examined adjusted associations of glucose tolerance with offspring overall (N = 958) and central (N = 760) adiposity and body composition using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured at the school-age visit (95 ± 10 months).

RESULTS
Compared with that in the male offspring of normoglycemic mothers, DXA fat mass was higher in male offspring of GDM mothers (1.89 kg [95% CI 0.33–3.45]) but not in male offspring of mothers with IGI (0.06 kg [−1.45 to 1.57]). DXA trunk-to-peripheral fat mass, a measure of central adiposity, was also somewhat higher in male offspring of GDM mothers (0.04 [−0.01 to 0.09]). In girls, DXA fat mass was higher in offspring of mothers with IGI (2.23 kg [0.12–4.34]) but not GDM (−1.25 kg [−3.13 to 0.63]). We showed no association of gestational glucose tolerance with DXA lean mass.

CONCLUSIONS
In this study, only male offspring of GDM mothers manifested increased adiposity, whereas only female offspring of mothers with IGI did so. Sex differences in glycemic sensitivity may explain these findings.
Evaluation of a point-of-care glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate meter operated in various environmental conditions in prepartum and postpartum sheep
Authors: Hornig Katlin J. , Byers Stacey R. , Callan Robert J. , Holt Timothy , Field Megan , Han Hyungchul 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Objective—To compare β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) and glucose concentrations measured with a dual-purpose point-of-care (POC) meter designed for use in humans and a laboratory biochemical analyzer (LBA) to determine whether the POC meter would be reliable for on-farm measurement of blood glucose and BHB concentrations in sheep in various environmental conditions and nutritional states.
Animals—36 pregnant mixed-breed ewes involved in a maternal feed restriction study.
Procedures—Blood samples were collected from each sheep at multiple points throughout gestation and lactation to allow for tracking of gradually increasing metabolic hardship. Whole blood glucose and BHB concentrations were measured with the POC meter and compared with serum results obtained with an LBA.
Results—464 samples were collected. Whole blood BHB concentrations measured with the POC meter compared well with LBA results, and error grid analysis showed the POC values were acceptable. Whole blood glucose concentrations measured with the POC meter had more variation, compared with LBA values, over the glucose ranges evaluated. Results of error grid analysis of POC-measured glucose concentrations were not acceptable, indicating errors likely to result in needless treatment with glucose or other supplemental energy sources in normoglycemic sheep.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The POC meter was user-friendly and performed well across a wide range of conditions. The meter was adequate for detection of pregnancy toxemia in sheep via whole blood BHB concentration. Results should be interpreted with caution when the POC meter is used to measure blood glucose concentrations.
Comparison of two analyzers for measurement of plasma total carbon dioxide concentration in horses
Authors: Constable Peter D. , Tinkler Stacy H. , Couëtil Laurent. L. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the degree of agreement between 2 analyzers for measurement of total CO2 concentration (ctCO2) in equine plasma.
Animals—6 healthy untrained horses, 6 trained Standardbreds undergoing a simulated race protocol, and 135 trained Standardbreds at a racetrack.
Procedures—Jugular venous blood samples were obtained from all horses. Two analyzers (commonly used analyzer A and less expensive analyzer B) were used to measure plasma ctCO2 in each sample. Validation of both analyzers was conducted in accordance with guidelines established by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute and involved characterization of linearity, total analytic error, and bias estimation.
Results—Total analytic error (instrument SD) was 0.58 mmol/L (coefficient of variation, 1.6%) and 0.49 mmol/L (coefficient of variation, 1.4%) for analyzers A and B, respectively, when measuring an aqueous standard containing 36.0 mmol of CO2/L. A 1 g/L decrease in plasma protein concentration corresponded to an increase in ctCO2 measured with analyzer B of 0.065 mmol/L. A difference plot indicated that analyzer B produced values 2.7% higher than analyzer A for 103 samples from the 6 trained and exercised Standardbreds (mean plasma protein concentration, 67 g/L).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Analyzer B provided adequate precision and linearity for measurement of ctCO2 from 5 to 40 mmol/L and was therefore suitable for measuring ctCO2 in equine plasma, provided allowances are made for changes in plasma protein concentration.
In vivo and in vitro evaluation of the effects of domperidone on the gastrointestinal tract of healthy horses
Authors: Nieto Jorge E. , Maher Omar , Stanley Scott D. , Larson Richard , Snyder Jack R. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of domperidone on in vivo and in vitro measures of gastrointestinal tract motility and contractility in healthy horses.
Sample—18 adult horses and tissue samples from an additional 26 adult horses.
Procedures—Domperidone or placebo paste was administered to healthy horses in a 2-period crossover study. Gastric emptying was evaluated after oral administration of domperidone paste (1.1 or 5.0 mg/kg) or placebo paste by means of the acetaminophen absorption test in 12 horses. Frequency of defecation, weight of feces produced, fecal moisture, and stomach-to-anus transit time of microspheres were evaluated after administration of domperidone paste (1.1 mg/kg) or placebo paste in 6 horses. The effect of domperidone on smooth muscle contractile activity in samples of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, or colon obtained from 26 horses immediately after euthanasia (for nonsystemic medical problems) was investigated.
Results—Oral administration of 5.0 mg of domperidone/kg increased peak plasma acetaminophen concentration and area under the curve, indicating increased gastric emptying. Administration of 1.1 mg of domperidone/kg had no effect on gastric emptying, transit time, defecation frequency, or amount and moisture of excreted feces. Contractile activities of circular and longitudinal muscle strips from the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, or colon were not altered by domperidone. Dopamine increased contractile activity of longitudinal muscle strips but not that of circular muscle strips from the midjejunum. Domperidone decreased the dopamine-induced contractile activity of midjejunal longitudinal muscle strips.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The potential beneficial effects of domperidone in horses with ileus need to be evaluated in horses with decreased gastric emptying or adynamic ileus.
Effect of treatment with simvastatin and cyclosporine on neurotransmitter concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage in dogs
Authors: Platt Simon R. , Coates Joan R. , Eifler Danielle M. , Edwards Gaylen L. , Kent Marc , Bulsara Ketan R. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Objective—To measure concentrations of glutamate, aspartate, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glycine in CSF of dogs with experimentally induced subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and to assess effects of cyclosporine and simvastatin on these concentrations.
Sample—CSF samples from 13 dogs.
Procedures—In a previous study, SAH was induced in dogs via 2 injections of autologous blood into the cerebellomedullary cistern 24 hours apart. Dogs were untreated (control; n = 5) or received simvastatin alone (4) or simvastatin in combination with cyclosporine (4). Samples of CSF were collected before the first blood injection (baseline; time 0), before the second blood injection, and on days 3, 7, and 10. For the study reported here, neurotransmitter concentrations in CSF were analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed with a repeated-measures model with adjustments for multiple comparisons by use of the Tukey method.
Results—In control dogs, the glutamate concentration peaked on day 3 and there was a significant increase in GABA and glutamate concentrations. Glutamate concentrations were significantly lower and glycine concentrations significantly higher on day 3 after administration of simvastatin alone or simvastatin in combination with cyclosporine, compared with concentrations for the control group. No significant differences in GABA and aspartate concentrations were detected among treatment groups at any time point.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Glutamate concentrations were increased in the CSF of dogs with SAH. Simvastatin administration attenuated high glutamate concentrations. A combination of immunosuppression and upregulation of nitric oxide synthase may be useful in lowering high glutamate concentrations in ischemic CNS conditions.
Evaluation of serosal patch supplementation of surgical anastomoses in intestinal segments from canine cadavers
Authors: Hansen Lane A. , Monnet Eric L. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Objective—To compare leakage and maximum intraluminal pressures of intestinal anastomoses with and without serosal patch supplementation in dogs.
Sample—Healthy small intestine segments from cadavers of 2 dogs euthanized for reasons unrelated to the study.
Procedures—12 enterectomy constructs were created by anastomosis of intestinal segments with a standard simple continuous suture pattern. Half of the constructs were randomly selected for additional serosal patch support. Leakage and maximum intraluminal pressures were measured in and compared between patch-supplemented and nonsupplemented constructs.
Results—Mean ± SD leakage pressure was significantly greater for the patch-supplemented anastomoses (81.8 ± 6.7 mm Hg) than for the nonsupplemented anastomoses (28.0 ± 6.7 mm Hg). Maximum intraluminal pressures were not significantly different between the groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Serosal patch–supplemented anastomoses were able to sustain a significantly higher pressure before leakage than were nonsupplemented anastomoses in intestinal specimens from canine cadavers. The serosal patch supplementation may protect against leakage immediately after enterectomy in dogs.
Suitability of Customer Relationship Management Systems for the Management of Study Participants in Biomedical Research
Authors: Rienhoff O. , Schulze T. G. , Nussbeck S. Y. , Schwanke J. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryBackground: Longitudinal biomedical research projects study patients or participants over a course of time. No IT solution is known that can manage study participants, enhance quality of data, support re-contacting of participants, plan study visits, and keep track of informed consent procedures and recruitments that may be subject to change over time.. In business settings management of personal is one of the major aspects of customer relationship management systems (CRMS).Objectives: To evaluate whether CRMS are suitable IT solutions for study participant management in biomedical research.Methods: Three boards of experts in the field of biomedical research were consulted to get an insight into recent IT developments regarding study participant management systems (SPMS). Subsequently, a requirements analysis was performed with stake-holders of a major biomedical research project. The successive suitability evaluation was based on the comparison of the identified requirements with the features of six CRMS.Results: Independently of each other, the interviewed expert boards confirmed that there is no generic IT solution for the management of participants. Sixty-four requirements were identified and prioritized in a requirements analysis. The best CRMS was able to fulfill forty-two of these requirements. The non-fulfilled requirements demand an adaption of the CRMS, consuming time and resources, reducing the update compatibility, the system’s suitability, and the security of the CRMS.Conclusions: A specific solution for the SPMS is favored instead of a generic and commercially-oriented CRMS. Therefore, the development of a small and specific SPMS solution was commenced and is currently on the way to completion.
The desert moss Pterygoneurum lamellatum (Pottiaceae) exhibits an inducible ecological strategy of desiccation tolerance: Effects of rate of drying on shoot damage and regeneration
Authors: Stark Lloyd R. , Greenwood Joshua L. , Brinda John C. , Oliver Melvin J. 
Published: July 2013

• Premise of the study: Bryophytes include clades that incorporate constitutive desiccation tolerance, especially terrestrial species. Here we test the hypothesis that the opposing ecological strategy of desiccation tolerance, inducibility, is present in a desert moss, and address this hypothesis by varying rates of drying in a laboratory study. Desiccation tolerance is arguably the most important evolutionary innovation relevant to the colonization of land by plants; increased understanding of the ecological drivers of this trait will eventually illuminate the responsible mechanisms and ultimately open doors to the potential for the application of this trait in cultivated plants.• Methods: Plants were cloned, grown in continuous culture (dehardened) for several months, and subjected to rates of drying (drying times) ranging from 30 min to 53 h, rehydrated and tested for recovery using chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf damage, and regeneration of protonema and shoots.• Key results: Rate of drying significantly affected all recovery responses, with very rapid drying rates severely damaging the entire shoot except the shoot apex and resulting in slower growth rates, fewer regenerative shoots produced, and a compromised photosynthetic system as inferred from fluorescence parameters.• Conclusions: For the first time, a desert moss is shown to exhibit an ecological strategy of desiccation tolerance that is inducible, challenging the assumption that arid‐land bryophytes rely exclusively on constitutive protection. Results indicate that previous considerations defining a slow‐dry event in bryophytes need reevaluation, and that the ecological strategy of inducible desiccation tolerance is probably more common than currently understood among terrestrial bryophytes.
De la haine nécessaire à la clôture totalitaire du sens
Authors: Stephanatos Gerassimos 
Published: July 2013

Quelle place donner à l’« aptitude à la haine » freudienne, dans ce trajet individuel et collectif qui peut conduire de la différenciation identificatoire/identitaire nécessaire au repli et à l’aliénation ? La haine dans ses aspects destructeurs et constructeurs fait que la psyché rejette ce qu’elle n’est pas elle-même, et que l’institution sociale tend à se clore sur elle-même. Deux ordres d’effets psychiques et sociaux de la haine, irréductibles les uns aux autres malgré leurs liens essentiels, leurs correspondances innombrables et leur conjonction dangereuse, qui peut dans les conditions spécifiques transformer les « détails de différenciation » du narcissisme des petites différences en traits de haine identificatoires, mettant en action le déchaînement destructeur.
Psychanalyse du soupçon, l'altérité mise à l'épreuve
Authors: Thibaudeau Caroline 
Published: July 2013

Partant de ses manifestations et de la manière dont il surgit dans la relation, le soupçon apparaît comme un indicateur éclairant de ce qui est en jeu dans le processus d’accès à la différenciation et à l’altérité, préalable à toute inscription subjective, et de ses écueils lorsqu’il révèle les failles narcissiques du sujet. Par ailleurs, définir le soupçon peut nous aider à décrypter le monde dans lequel nous vivons. En effet, le soupçon colonise les esprits, s’infiltre dans nos relations et vient contaminer nos représentations. Il entre dans la sphère sociale comme par effraction... Le soupçon serait-il le révélateur de l’état de fragilisation du lien social et de la manière dont nous envisageons notre rapport à l’Autre et l’accueil que nous lui réservons dans l’espace commun du vivre ensemble ? Parias, monstres sociaux, étrangers... autant d’archétypes ou de figures négatives de boucs émissaires, qui semblent condenser aujourd’hui l’angoisse du Réel à celle de notre pulsionnalité interne et sur lesquels se fondent les termes d’un nouveau pacte social.
La demande d'asile : l'attente du lieu d'un lien social ?
Authors: Baligand Pascale 
Published: July 2013

Cet article invite à questionner la notion de lien social à partir d’une situation qui se situe à ses marges : celle des demandeurs d’asile. La demande d’asile instaure une attente que l’on peut comprendre comme attente d’un nouveau lien social, en un nouveau lieu. Nous développons ce point à partir du cas de Joseph et en référence à la figure du Nebenmensch en tant que prochain qui ouvre la possibilité d’un lien social pour le sujet en même temps qu’il lui fait une place dans le monde.
Pour une démocratie écologique
Authors: Blesson Mathieu 
Published: July 2013

Quelle est la nature du contrat qui, aujourd’hui en France, caractérise le lien social ? Sous la bannière de la démocratie, un personnage nouveau a récemment fait son apparition. En effet, qu’ils soient activistes, scientifiques ou hommes politiques, les écologistes d’aujourd’hui investissent l’espace public en vue de combattre les ravages de la société industrielle et toucher ainsi le maximum de personnes. Soucieux de l’environnement, ils n’ont plus que ce mot à la bouche. C’est un véritable hymne à la nature que ces défenseurs de la planète entonnent sans forcément savoir qu’en réalité les paroles n’en sont pas écrites par eux mais par quelqu’un qui s’appelait Rousseau, Jean-Jacques de son prénom.
Protein Kinase C Inhibitor Generates Stable Human Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells
Authors: Matsumoto Takuya , Hasegawa Hitoshi , Onishi Sachiko , Ishizaki Jun , Suemori Koichiro , Yasukawa Masaki 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) are a promising tool for a specific form of cellular therapy whereby immunological tolerance can be induced in the context of transplantation and autoimmunity. From libraries of bioactive lipids, nuclear receptor ligands, and kinase inhibitors, we screened conventional protein kinase C inhibitors (PKCIs) bisindolylmaleimide I, Gö6983, and Ro32-0432 with strong tolerogenic potential. PKCI-treated human DCs were generated by subjecting them to a maturation process after differentiation of immature DCs. The PKCI-treated DCs had a semimature phenotype, showing high production of IL-10, and efficiently induced IL-10–producing T cells and functional Foxp3+ regulatory T cells from naive CD4+ T cells, thus eliciting a strong immunosuppressive function. They also showed CCR7 expression and sufficient capacity for migration toward CCR7 ligands. Additionally, PKCI-treated DCs were highly stable when exposed to inflammatory stimuli such as proinflammatory cytokines or LPS. Conventional PKCIs inhibited NF-κB activation of both the canonical and noncanonical pathways of DC maturation, thus suppressing the expression of costimulatory molecules and IL-12 production. High production of IL-10 in PKCI-treated DCs was due to not only an increase of intracellular cAMP, but also a synergistic effect of increased cAMP and NF-κB inhibition. Moreover, PKCI-treated mouse DCs that had properties similar to PKCI-treated human DCs prevented graft-versus-host disease in a murine model of acute graft-versus-host disease. Conventional PKCI-treated DCs may be useful for tolerance-inducing therapy, as they satisfy the required functional characteristics for clinical-grade tolerogenic DCs.
Allergens as Immunomodulatory Proteins: The Cat Dander Protein Fel d 1 Enhances TLR Activation by Lipid Ligands
Authors: Herre Jurgen , Grönlund Hans , Brooks Heather , Hopkins Lee , Waggoner Lisa , Murton Ben , Gangloff Monique , Opaleye Olaniyi , Chilvers Edwin R. , Fitzgerald Kate , Gay Nick , Monie Tom , Bryant Clare 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Allergic responses can be triggered by structurally diverse allergens. Most allergens are proteins, yet extensive research has not revealed how they initiate the allergic response and why the myriad of other inhaled proteins do not. Among these allergens, the cat secretoglobulin protein Fel d 1 is a major allergen and is responsible for severe allergic responses. In this study, we show that similar to the mite dust allergen Der p 2, Fel d 1 substantially enhances signaling through the innate receptors TLR4 and TLR2. In contrast to Der p 2, however, Fel d 1 does not act by mimicking the TLR4 coreceptor MD2 and is not able to bind stably to the TLR4/MD2 complex in vitro. Fel d 1 does, however, bind to the TLR4 agonist LPS, suggesting that a lipid transfer mechanism may be involved in the Fel d 1 enhancement of TLR signaling. We also show that the dog allergen Can f 6, a member of a distinct class of lipocalin allergens, has very similar properties to Fel d 1. We propose that Fel d 1 and Can f 6 belong to a group of allergen immunomodulatory proteins that enhance innate immune signaling and promote airway hypersensitivity reactions in diseases such as asthma.