bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difficult mask ventilation in general surgical population: observation of risk factors and predictors
Authors: Cattano Davide , Killoran Peter V. , Cai Chunyan , Katsiampoura Anastasia D. , Corso Ruggero M. , Hagberg Carin A. 
Published: August 2014

Background: There are few predictors of difficult mask ventilation and a simple, objective, predictive system to identify patients at risk of difficult mask ventilation does not currently exist. We present a retrospective - subgroup analysis aimed at identifying predictive factors for difficult mask ventilation (DMV) in patients undergoing pre-operative airway assessment before elective surgery at a major teaching hospital.Methods: Data for this retrospective analysis were derived from a database of airway assessments, management plans, and outcomes that were collected prospectively from August 2008 to May 2010 at a Level 1 academic trauma center. Patients were stratified into two groups based on the difficulty of mask ventilation and the cohorts were analyzed using univariate analysis and stepwise selection method.Results: A total of 1399 pre-operative assessments were completed with documentation stating that mask ventilation was attempted. Of those 1399, 124 (8.9%) patients were found to be difficult to mask ventilate. A comparison of patients with and without difficult mask ventilation identified seven risk factors for DMV: age, body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, history of difficult intubation, presence of facial hair, perceived short neck and obstructive sleep apnea. Although seven risk factors were identified, no individual subject had more than four risk factors.Conclusion: The results of this study confirm that in a real world clinical setting, the incidence of DMV is not negligible and suggest the use of a simple bedside predictive score to improve the accuracy of DMV prediction, thereby improving patient safety. Further prospective studies to validate this score would be useful.
Developing a real-time assessment of staffing needs in delivery suites
Authors: Ball Jean A , Washbrook Marie 
Published: August 2014

The workload in delivery suites can not easily be managed as women arrive in labour and give birth at any time in the day or night, and emergencies can arise at any time. Matching this dynamic work pattern with the necessary numbers and skills of midwives to meet agreed care standards is difficult. The Birthrate Plus Acuity tool has been designed to give midwives a prospective and predictive measure of client needs and the staff needed to meet those needs, and to assist the development of care policies in clinical governance. First developed with services in Wales, the Acuity system has now been used in a variety of maternity services. This is the third article in the series.
Family Reflections on the Foundations of Self-Determination in Early Childhood
Authors: Summers Jean Ann , Brotherson Mary Jane , Erwin Elizabeth J. , Maude Susan P. , Palmer Susan B. , Haines Shana J. , Stroup-Rentier Vera , Wu Hsiang-Yi , Farstad Peck Nancy , Zheng Yuzhu Z. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis study investigated families' perspectives about and strategies used to develop foundational skills (i.e., choice-making, self-regulation, and engagement) leading to the development of the self-determination of their young children with disabilities. Two research questions guided the study: (1) What do families believe is important when working with practitioners in partnership to build foundational skills leading to self-determination at home and school? (2) What do families think about providing opportunities for developing these skills, and how do they provide such opportunities? Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews and an open-ended online survey. Families reported a variety of strategies used to develop choice-making, self-regulation, and engagement skills. Results can assist early education service providers to better understand how families conceptualize choice-making, self-regulation, and engagement for their children to successfully build partnerships and engage families.
Modeling of Effect of Glucose Sensor Errors on Insulin Dosage and Glucose Bolus Computed by LOGIC-Insulin
Authors: Van Herpe Tom , De Moor Bart , Van den Berghe Greet , Mesotten Dieter 
Published: August 2014

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Effective and safe glycemic control in critically ill patients requires accurate glucose sensors and adequate insulin dosage calculators. The LOGIC-Insulin calculator for glycemic control has recently been validated in the LOGIC-1 randomized controlled trial. In this study, we aimed to determine the allowable error for intermittent and continuous glucose sensors, on the basis of the LOGIC-Insulin calculator.

METHODS
A gaussian simulation model with a varying bias (0%–20%) and CV (−20% to +20%) simulated blood glucose values from the LOGIC-1 study (n = 149 patients) in 10 Monte Carlo steps. A clinical error grid system was developed to compare the simulated LOGIC-Insulin–directed intervention with the nominal intervention (0% bias, 0% CV). The severity of error measuring the clinical effect of the simulated LOGIC-Insulin intervention was graded as type B, C, and D errors. Type D errors were classified as acutely life-threatening (0% probability preferred).

RESULTS
The probability of all types of errors was lower for continuous sensors compared with intermittent sensors. The maximum total error (TE), defined as the first TE introducing a type B/C/D error, was similar for both sensor types. To avoid type D errors, TEs &lt;15.7% for intermittent sensors and &lt;17.8% for continuous sensors were required. Mean absolute relative difference thresholds for type C errors were 7.1% for intermittent and 11.0% for continuous sensors.

CONCLUSIONS
Continuous sensors had a lower probability for clinical errors than intermittent sensors at the same accuracy level. These simulations demonstrated the suitability of the LOGIC-Insulin control system for use with continuous, as well as intermittent, sensors.
“Functional” Inspiratory and Core Muscle Training Enhances Running Performance and Economy
Authors: Tong Tomas K. , McConnell Alison K. , Lin Hua , Nie Jinlei , Zhang Haifeng , Wang Jiayuan 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Tong, TK, McConnell, AK, Lin, H, Nie, J, Zhang, H, and Wang, J. “Functional” inspiratory and core muscle training enhances running performance and economy. J Strength Cond Res 30(10): 2942–2951, 2016—We compared the effects of two 6-week high-intensity interval training interventions. Under the control condition (CON), only interval training was undertaken, whereas under the intervention condition (ICT), interval training sessions were followed immediately by core training, which was combined with simultaneous inspiratory muscle training (IMT)—“functional” IMT. Sixteen recreational runners were allocated to either ICT or CON groups. Before the intervention phase, both groups undertook a 4-week program of “foundation” IMT to control for the known ergogenic effect of IMT (30 inspiratory efforts at 50% maximal static inspiratory pressure [P0] per set, 2 sets per day, 6 days per week). The subsequent 6-week interval running training phase consisted of 3–4 sessions per week. In addition, the ICT group undertook 4 inspiratory-loaded core exercises (10 repetitions per set, 2 sets per day, inspiratory load set at 50% post-IMT P0) immediately after each interval training session. The CON group received neither core training nor functional IMT. After the intervention phase, global inspiratory and core muscle functions increased in both groups (p ≤ 0.05), as evidenced by P0 and a sport-specific endurance plank test (SEPT) performance, respectively. Compared with CON, the ICT group showed larger improvements in SEPT, running economy at the speed of the onset of blood lactate accumulation, and 1-hour running performance (3.04% vs. 1.57%, p ≤ 0.05). The changes in these variables were interindividually correlated (r ≥ 0.57, n = 16, p ≤ 0.05). Such findings suggest that the addition of inspiratory-loaded core conditioning into a high-intensity interval training program augments the influence of the interval program on endurance running performance and that this may be underpinned by an improvement in running economy.
The Hippo Pathway Controls Border Cell Migration Through Distinct Mechanisms in Outer Border Cells and Polar Cells of the Drosophila Ovary
Authors: Lin Tzu-Huai , Yeh Tsung-Han , Wang Tsu-Wei , Yu Jenn-Yah 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The Hippo pathway is a key signaling cascade in controlling organ size. The core components of this pathway are two kinases, Hippo (Hpo) and Warts (Wts), and a transcriptional coactivator, Yorkie (Yki). Yes-associated protein (YAP, a Yki homolog in mammals) promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and cell migration in vitro. Here, we use border cells in the Drosophila ovary as a model to study Hippo pathway functions in cell migration in vivo. During oogenesis, polar cells secrete Unpaired (Upd), which activates JAK/STAT signaling of neighboring cells and specifies them into outer border cells. The outer border cells form a cluster with polar cells and undergo migration. We find that hpo and wts are required for migration of the border cell cluster. In outer border cells, overexpression of hpo disrupts polarization of the actin cytoskeleton and attenuates migration. In polar cells, knockdown of hpo and wts or overexpression of yki impairs border cell induction and disrupts migration. These manipulations in polar cells reduce JAK/STAT activity in outer border cells. Expression of upd-lacZ is increased and decreased in yki and hpo mutant polar cells, respectively. Furthermore, forced expression of upd in polar cells rescues defects of border cell induction and migration caused by wts knockdown. These results suggest that Yki negatively regulates border cell induction by inhibiting JAK/STAT signaling. Together, our data elucidate two distinct mechanisms of the Hippo pathway in controlling border cell migration: (1) in outer border cells, it regulates polarized distribution of the actin cytoskeleton; (2) in polar cells, it regulates upd expression to control border cell induction and migration.
Efficient Marker-Free Recovery of Custom Genetic Modifications with CRISPR/Cas9 in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Arribere Joshua A , Bell Ryan T , Fu Becky X H , Artiles Karen L , Hartman Phil S , Fire Andrew Z 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Facilitated by recent advances using CRISPR/Cas9, genome editing technologies now permit custom genetic modifications in a wide variety of organisms. Ideally, modified animals could be both efficiently made and easily identified with minimal initial screening and without introducing exogenous sequence at the locus of interest or marker mutations elsewhere. To this end, we describe a coconversion strategy, using CRISPR/Cas9 in which screening for a dominant phenotypic oligonucleotide-templated conversion event at one locus can be used to enrich for custom modifications at another unlinked locus. After the desired mutation is identified among the F1 progeny heterozygous for the dominant marker mutation, F2 animals that have lost the marker mutation are picked to obtain the desired mutation in an unmarked genetic background. We have developed such a coconversion strategy for Caenorhabditis elegans, using a number of dominant phenotypic markers. Examining the coconversion at a second (unselected) locus of interest in the marked F1 animals, we observed that 14–84% of screened animals showed homologous recombination. By reconstituting the unmarked background through segregation of the dominant marker mutation at each step, we show that custom modification events can be carried out recursively, enabling multiple mutant animals to be made. While our initial choice of a coconversion marker [rol-6(su1006)] was readily applicable in a single round of coconversion, the genetic properties of this locus were not optimal in that CRISPR-mediated deletion mutations at the unselected rol-6 locus can render a fraction of coconverted strains recalcitrant to further rounds of similar mutagenesis. An optimal marker in this sense would provide phenotypic distinctions between the desired mutant/+ class and alternative +/+, mutant/null, null/null, and null/+ genotypes. Reviewing dominant alleles from classical C. elegans genetics, we identified one mutation in dpy-10 and one mutation in sqt-1 that meet these criteria and demonstrate that these too can be used as effective conversion markers. Coconversion was observed using a variety of donor molecules at the second (unselected) locus, including oligonucleotides, PCR products, and plasmids. We note that the coconversion approach described here could be applied in any of the variety of systems where suitable coconversion markers can be identified from previous intensive genetic analyses of gain-of-function alleles.
Influence of temperature on tensile behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotube modified epoxy nanocomposites
Authors: Revathi Aroor , Rao Sandhya , Rao Kavitha V. , Rajendra Prakash Myadam , Sendil Murugan Mohanraj , Srihari Shylaja , Dayananda Gidnahalli Narayana Reddy 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Investigating a Moche Cast Copper Artifact for Its Manufacturing Technology
Authors: Shugar Aaron , Notis Michael , Newbury Dale , Ritchie Nicholas 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTA Moche cast copper alloy object was investigated with focus on three main areas: the alloy composition, the casting technology, and the corrosion process. This complex artifact has thin connective arms between the body and the head, a situation that would be very difficult to cast. The entire artifact was mounted and polished allowing for complete microstructural and microchemical analysis, providing insight into the forming technology. In addition, gigapixel x-ray spectrum imaging was undertaken to explore the alloy composition and the solidification process of the entire sample. This process used four 30 mm2SDD-EDS detectors to collect the 150 gigabyte file mapping an area of 46 080 × 39 934 pixels. Raman analysis was performed to confirm the corrosion compounds.
Mechanical Characterization of Thin Films by Micromechanical Techniques
Authors: Schweitz Jan-Åke 
Published: August 2014

Evaluating the mechanical properties of thin films on thick substrates is tricky. Some useful techniques for mechanical property measurements on macroscopic film specimens exist, e.g., internal stress measurements by x-ray diffraction or by wafer buckling. Many conventional techniques, however, such as indentation for hardness measurement or scratch testing for evaluation of adhesion or wear resistance, yield results that are difficult or impossible to evaluate in terms of more fundamental film properties. In fact, these techniques are more practical engineering tools than tools for scientific study.One solution is to miniaturize the test probe to dimensions approaching the film thickness. The nanoindentation technique for submicrohardness measurement described elsewhere in this issue by Pharr and Oliver is a recent example of such an approach. Still, for very thin films it is difficult to separate the influence of the substrate properties from the film properties, and the indentation process is inherently too complex to be well suited for determining fundamental materials parameters.The rapidly evolving field of micromechanics offers some new possibilities in thin film characterization. Important film properties such as internal stress, elastic moduli, plastic yield limit, and fracture data can be extracted from experiments with micromachined test structures in the 10–1,000 μm size range.
Core-Level Photoemission From Stoichiometric GaN(0001)-1×1
Authors: Widstrand S.M. , Magnusson K.O. , Johansson L.S.O. , Moons E. , Gurnett M. , Oshima M. 
Published: August 2014

We report on a high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HRXPS) study using synchrotron radiation, for the identification of the core level binding energies of Ga 3d and N 1s, from a stoichiometric Ga-polar GaN(0001)-1×1 sample.Three surface shifted components were found on the stoichiometric surface for the Ga 3d feature. The first surface shifted component has a higher binding energy of 0.85 eV, and is interpreted as surface Ga with one of the N bonds replaced by an empty dangling bond. This structure is belonging to the stoichiometric clean and ordered Ga-polar GaN(0001)-1×1 surface. The second, with a binding energy relative the bulk of −0.76 eV, is interpreted as Ga with one of the bonds to a Ga atom, which indicates a slight excess of Ga on the surface. The third surface shifted component is shifted by 2.01 eV and is related to gallium oxide in different configurations.The N 1s feature is complex with five surface shifted components relative the bulk were found. Two components with binding energy shifts of −0.54 eV and 0.47 eV are interpreted as surface shifted core levels from the stoichiometric, clean Ga-polar GaN(0001)-1×1 surface.We also analysed the Ga 3d spectrum after deposition of 1.5 ML of Ga on a stoichiometric surface. The surface shift for the Ga 3d5/2 component from the Ga overlayer is −1.74 eV relative the bulk GaN.The C 1s and O 1s core levels from remaining surface contamination have also been line shaped analysed and show complex structures.
Growth of Ga-face and N-face GaN films using ZnO Substrates
Authors: Hellman E. S. , Buchanan D. N. E. , Wiesmann D. , Brener I. 
Published: August 2014

We have used plasma molecular beam epitaxy on (0 0 0 1) and (0 0 0 ) ZnO substrates to induce epitaxial growth of GaN of a known polarity. The polarity of the ZnO substrates can be easily and unambiguously determined by measuring the sign of the piezoelectric coefficient. If we assume that N-face GaN grows on O face ZnO and that Ga-face GaN grows on Zn face ZnO, then we can study the growth of both Ga and N faces. The most striking difference is the doping behavior of the two faces. Growth on the Ga-face is characterized by a higher carrier concentration and a lower threshold for Ga droplet formation.
Establishment and Gene Expression Characteristics of the Silk Gland Cell Line BmSG-SWU1 of Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae)
Authors: Feng Zhen-Yue , Pan Chun , Liu Min , Tian Zhi-Qiang , Chen Xue-Mei , Kuang Xiu-Xiu , Lu Cheng , Pan Min-Hui 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
A BmSG-SWUl cell line was established from the silk gland tissues of newly hatched Bombyx mori L. larvae by performing primary cultures for 2 yr. The cell line was comprised of long and thin shuttle cells. The percentage of cells with the chromosome number 2n = 56 was 76.28%. Therefore, the cell line was considered a diploid cell line. Fingerprint analysis of BmSG-SWUl cells and four other cell lines indicated that BmSG-SWUl cells had a specific fingerprint, and that the genetic relationship between BmSG-SWUl cells and the original silk gland tissue was the closest. We used whole genome microarray data, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence quantitative real-time—polymerase chain reaction to analyze the expression profile of BmSG-SWUl cells. On day 3 of the fifth instar silk gland, the two known silk gland-specific genes Fib-L and P25 as well as 18 other highly expressed genes were found in the whole genome microarray data. Only some of these were expressed in the BmSG-SWUl cell line, which showed that this cell line had maintained some gene expression characteristics of silk gland. The key cell cycle-control genes BmCyclinB and BmCyclinB3 of the G2 and M phase were expressed at low levels in silk glands. Contrarily, they were highly expressed in BmSG-SWUlcells, in the ovaries and other cell lines, which suggested that BmCyclinB and BmCyclinB3 are important for the transformation of BmSG-SWUl cell line from endoreduplication to the mitotic cycle.
Two New Species ofKalligrammaWalther (Neuroptera: Kalligrammatidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China
Authors: Yang Qiang , Makarkin Vladimir N , Ren Dong 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTwo new fossil species of Kalligramma Walther (Neuroptera: Kalligrammatidae) are described from the Middle Jurassic locality at Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China: Kalligramma elegans n. sp. and Kalligramma albifasciatum n. sp. The subcosta anterior wing vein is found in both species. K. albifasciatum n. sp. is remarkable by its forewing color pattern in having the broad white transverse fascia through wing, hitherto unknown in the genus. Kalligramma turutanovae Martynova is transferred to Huiyingogramma Liu et al., n. sit. A new diagnosis of the genus Kalligramma is provided (amended from Panfilov 1968).
Experimental Study of the Fracture and Matrix Effects on Free-Fall Gravity Drainage With Micromodels
Authors: Moghaddam Mehdi Bahari , Rasaei Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2014

Summary
Free-fall gravity drainage (FFGD) is the main production mechanism in the gas-invaded zone of fractured reservoirs. The gravity and capillary forces are two major forces that control the production performance of a fractured system under an FFGD mechanism. Gravity force acts as a driving force to remove oil from the matrix block whereas the resistive capillary force tends to keep oil inside the matrix. In this study, a series of experiments was performed to study the effects of the geometrical characteristics of the fracture and matrix on the oil-production rate under an FFGD mechanism by use of a glass micromodel. The oil-recovery factor (RF) was also obtained for a single matrix block by use of different patterns. Results from the experiments show that different flow regimes occur during the production life of a single matrix block under a FFGD mechanism. The fluid flow is controlled by the capillary-dominated regime at the early stage and late time of production life, whereas it shows a stabilized bulk flow under a gravity-dominated regime is exhibited at other times. Experimental results revealed that for a narrow fracture opening, fracture capillary pressure has a form similar to that of the matrix block. Also, it was observed that the oil-production rate and RF of the matrix block decreased as the permeability ratio between two media (matrix block and fracture) increased. Lower production rate is achieved in larger-fracture-spacing micromodels. In addition, wider vertical fractures lead to an early breakthrough of gas in bottom horizontal fracture that makes up the main portion of oil traps in the matrix block, and this reduces the RF. Results from this study show that in a heterogeneous layered matrix block, both the drainage rate and RF decrease in comparison with a homogeneous matrix block. Finally, a multiple linear-regression analysis was performed to understand the dimensionless groups affecting the RF of the FFGD process. It was found that the Bond number cannot truly describe the process and other parameters such as the fracture-/matrix-permeability ratio; fracture spacing and fracture opening should also be considered.