bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L'évolution des normes dans l'institution carcérale
Authors: Lemonde Lucie 
Published: July 2014

SommaireAprès avoir analysé les caractéristiques de l'institution carcérale et du rôle traditionnel du droit dans cet ordre juridique totalitaire, l'auteure tente d'identifier les facteurs et les mouvements sociaux ayant contribué à l'émergence, depuis la fin des années soixante-dix, d'une normativité des droits fondamentaux des personnes incarcérées. Elle soutient que les développements récents sont principalement le résultat de la lutte du mouvement des droits des détenus devant les tribunaux. Au fur et à mesure que les tribunaux ont élaboré des critères pour juger de la légalité d'une pratique ou d'un processus décisionnel, il y a eu, au cours des années quatre-vingt, intégration progressive par le législateur canadien de ces exigences jurisprudentielles. L'intervention judiciaire en droit carcéral canadien a eu un impact important sur l'élaboration de nouvelles normes de justice carcérale consacrant le devoir d'agir équitablement envers les détenus et les droits fondamentaux des personnes incarcérées.
Les êtres humains et les animaux aussi: la protection des sujets d'expérimentation en recherche biomédicale au Canada
Authors: Leroux Thérèse , Létourneau Lyne 
Published: July 2014

RésuméL'utilisation de sujets d'expérimentation humains et animaux dans le domaine biomédical est universellement acceptée. À défaut d'une telle méthode, dit-on, qu'adviendrait-il du progrès de la science et du soulagement des misères dans le monde? Quoi qu'il en soit, un fait demeure: l'expérimentation humaine et animale, de par sa nature même, appelle la protection des êtres humains et des animaux qui y sont soumis. Au Canada, qu'en est-il de la protection offerte aux sujets d'expérimentation humains et animaux? En lieu et place d'une loi fédérale, des systèmes de contrôle volontaire ont été instaurés par la communauté scientifique. Ceux-ci sont fondés sur la création de comités d'éthique institutionnels. Ils sont complétés par un contrôle a posteriori de l'expérimentation. Dans le c dre de cet article, les auteures décrivent ces systèmes de contrôle et les analysent. D'apparence rassurante, ils révèlent toutefois certaines faiblesses.
Introduction: Law as Source of Popular Culture and Popular Culture as Source of Law
Authors: Howes David 
Published: July 2014

The relationship between law and popular culture is a complex and multi-faceted one. The essays in this special issue examine this relationship from different angles, and at the same time seek to sharpen our sense of “popular justice.”The lead article by Alan Hunt traces the attitudes of Europe's governing elites to the culture of the masses from the 1400s on, and shows how law has traditionally been used to “reform” popular culture—or in other words, to contain and neutralize its perceived threat to the established order. Yet popular culture may also contribute to the maintenance of the established order, precisely because of the way it diverts the masses, as Anne Warner La Forest shows in her analysis of the way the film The Piano was received by critics. “Law and order” may also serve as the subject or source of popular culture, as in the case of the American television programme called “Law & Order,” or the numerous reflections of law and lawyers in Canadian television drama discussed by Mary Jane Miller.
Administering Justice Without the State: A Study of the Private Justice System of the Hudson's Bay Company to 1800
Authors: Smandych Russell , Linden Rick 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn 1670, a royal charter granted by the English monarchy gave the Hudson's Bay Company the exclusive right to rule over an area that encompasses most of what is now the western part of Canada. As part of its original charter, the Hudson's Bay Company was given the power to enact any laws and regulations not repugnant to the laws of England that were deemed necessary to govern its relations with its servants and to maintain social order throughout the vast territory known as Rupertsland. This paper examines the development of the “private” legal system of the Hudson's Bay Company to 1800. Particular attention is given to examining the specific methods of legal ordering and social control that were used within the Company to discipline Company employees. The data examined in the study provide an empirical foundation for broader theorizing about the nature of non-state forms of governance, legal pluralism, and social control. Specifically, the study provides evidence which shows the complex and varied ways in which legal ordering and social control occur outside the state
Introduction: Law as a Means of Exclusion
Authors: Bertrand Marie-Andrée 
Published: July 2014

In our call for papers for this special issue of the Canadian Journal of Law and Society on “Law as a factor of exclusion,” we announced that we were seeking contributions on the discriminatory and exclusionary power of legal and non-legal norms and institutions. We also intimated that the use of historical approaches might prove revealing in analyses of statutes and other legislation, especially for their potential to uncover otherwise hidden legislative agenda.The articles in this issue of the Journal meet and surpass our expectations. Each of the authors brings into sharp focus the central issues at stake in the announced theme. While the majority of the contributions take legislation and judicial decisions as their primary material, some are directed to exploring non-legal norms and social rules. Moreover, even in those contributions taking the state law as their object, the authors display a keen awareness of the power of social norms and social institutions; one of these deals specifically with the practices of the legal profession and the legal academy. Nearly all of the authors historicize their subject.
The Paradox of Hong Kong Colonialism: Inclusion as Exclusion
Authors: Cheung Anne S. Y. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the British legal policy in Hong Kong which preserved Chinese customary law as a subtle and indirect form of social control. The initial takeover of Hong Kong by the British in 1841 was motivated by economic interest in China. Hong Kong was to be developed into an entrepôt under a laissez-faire government. In order to pacify the local subjects and the Chinese government, English law was applied to British subjects but the local Chinese were governed by Chinese customary law. Gradually, the interpretation of customary law by English judges and common law courts transformed and even created a new understanding of this law. The preservation of customary law had the paradoxical effect of ousting the local narrative. One hundred and fifty-six years have passed; Hong Kong has fulfilled the British dream of being a flamboyant commercial centre. However, in less than 150 days, Hong Kong will be elevated from the status of a British colony to that of “special administrative region” of China. Nonetheless, the rhetoric of laissez-faire government continues to be reflected in the policy of “high degree of autonomy.” The fate of Hong Kong is certainly unknown. Hopefully, the study of its past experience will shed some light on its future.
National Identity, Ethnic Surnames and the State
Authors: Scassa Teresa 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSurnames tend to be indicators of a particular linguistic or ethnic background. For this reason, many states have sought, directly or indirectly, to influence the language of the surnames of their nationals. In this paper, the author demonstrates how surname policies have tended to reflect certain national identity objectives: to assimilate or to segregate particular ethnic communities, or to engage in national building exercises around a shared ethnic identity. These surname policies are particularly interesting in the context of ethnically diverse countries like the United States and Canada. The author draws on examples from these countries to illustrate how attitudes towards surnames reflect the inclusion or exclusion of particular communities from articulations of a national identity.
Le Droit, l'exclusion et les Autochtones
Authors: Jaccoud Mylène 
Published: July 2014

RésuméL'exclusion sociale des autochtones est définie comme une condition de non-citoyenneté qui résulte d'une rupture entre un peuple et son «historicité.» Ce processus de rupture implique que certains individus et certains groupes ont perdu l'accès à des droits sociaux, civils et politiques. Historiquement, la marginalisation des autochtones s'inscrit dans le cursus d'une incorporation à l'État-nation qui s'est traduite par une politique de réduction et de ségrégation internes ayant contribué à l'appropriation des terres auxquelles les autochtones étaient liés matériellement et symboliquement. Cet article tente de comprendre le rôle joué par le droit dans ce processus de rupture, en examinant plus particulièrement les effets de la Loi sur les Indiens. L'auteure conçoit que l'imposition du droit aux premières nations, consécutive à leur incorporation à l'État-nation, a été producteur d'exclusions en amorçant puis en renforçant des ruptures matérielles et identitaires. En guise de conclusion, l'auteure propose six principes théoriques permettant d'analyser la complexité des rapports entre le droit et l'exclusion.
La Vengeance, l'tat et la peine
Authors: Robert Philippe 
Published: July 2014

RésuméL'auteur commence par soupeser le thème du numéro, «le droit comme facteur d'exclusion», en cherchant à débusquer la forte polysémie des termes pour conclure que les rapports du droit et de l'exclusion sont probablement ambigus. Comparer les différentes acceptions, jouer sur le flou que suscite leur coexistence, voilà l'objet de cet article qui s'attache au droit pénal car la suspicion d'exclusion y prend beaucoup de relief. Cependant la théorie pénaliste le présente, à l'inverse, comme un effort pour arracher l'humanité au jeu archaïque du vindicatif. S'appuyant sur des travaux souvent récents d'anthropologie, l'auteur propose de voir, au contraire, dans le vindicatoire et dans le pénal deux formes de juridicité également réglées dont la plus excluante, au moins dans son principe, est probablement la seconde. Mais comme rien n'est simple dans ce jeu du droit et de l'exclusion, il cherche ensuite à vérifier le propos en examinant les opérations contemporaines du pénal—la création de l'incrimination et sa mise en œuvre. En démontant plusieurs cas-types, l'auteur parvient finalement à montrer la complexité de la relation du droit et de l'exclusion et l'impossibilité d'une conclusion trop brève ou trop aprioriste.
Ways Not to Think About Social Theory: Rethinking Environment, Law and Society
Authors: Leane Geoffrey W.G. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIt is possible to broadly characterize social theory in terms of routine moves which are shaped by aprioricontexts, and deep structure moves which seek to delineate those shaping contexts and, sometimes, to call for new ones. Thus, for example, in the environmental literature we see the routine moves of so-called “shallow ecologists,” who tend to privilege natural systems only to the extent that they serve human ends, and the deep structure moves of “deep ecologists,” who value non-human life forms and systems for their intrinsic value. The author discusses those moves and demonstrates two deep structure theories in the progression of the spiritual view of nature from animism to its current form of instrumental rationality, together with the implications of liberal political ideology for environmentalism. He then advocates an alternative approach to social theory, grounded in the notion that institutional innovation, properly understood and “managed” along a trajectory free of the dead hand of deep structure theory, may hold the promise of transformative possibilities that are neither trivial nor unrealizably utopian. The implications for environmental reform are considered, together with an example taken from the practices of industrial production.
Cultural Studies Encounters Legal Pluralism: Certain Objects of Order, Law and Culture
Authors: Duncanson Ian 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCultural studies provides an interesting conceptual perspective on legal pluralism for a number of reasons. Rather than asking ontological questions about parallel legal systems, cultural studies frameworks encourage questions about the meanings which might be generated for “law” at the plural sites of intersection of regulatory phenomena: legal meanings must defer to questions about how a subject is positioned, subjected. Narratives of culture, broadly conceived, also allow us to notice the diverse, fluid and often contradictory patterns of regulation and discipline created when there are politically powerful beliefs in the singularity of order and certainty. The efforts in Anglophone cultures to create an “English” heritage safe from various threatening others is echoed in jurisprudential specifications of the criteria of legality.
Du droit d'association au droit social: Essai sur la crise du droit libéral et l'émergence d'une alternative pluraliste à la norme étatique, 1850–1930
Authors: Fecteau Jean-Marie 
Published: July 2014

RésuméLa mise en place du système normatif libéral au XIXesiècle est un phénomène dont on ne cesse de découvrir la complexité. En substance, il s'agit, pour des sociétés en profonde mutation politique et économique, d'adapter la légalité aux nouveaux impératifs de la démocratie et de l'économie de marché, moteurs centraux du mode de régulation qui tisse ses ramifications sur tout l'Occident à l'époque. Au-delà des difficultés de mise en place du système de lois et d'institutions juridiques et des pesanteurs historiques qui traversent ce processus, le développement du droit d'association vient instituer, au coeur du droit libéral, une contradiction potentielle entre les droits des individus et l'organisation des collectifs. C'est l'évolution de cette contradiction et ses implications que l'on esquisse dans ce bref article.
Global Human Rights and Local Social Movements in a Legally Plural World
Authors: Merry Sally Engle 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe problem of universalism and relativism in human rights needs to be considered through ethnographic examinations of the mobilization of global human rights in local political struggles. Using the example of a local movement against gender violence in the United States, this article argues that the rights approach provides important resources for local movements but contains particular Western concepts and categories of subjectivity. Given the extent to which legal strategies are subverted within and outside the legal system, here the rights strategy creates new cultural spaces far more than it produces coercive intervention. A framework of legal pluralism and local mobilization provides a perspective which moves beyond the dichotomies of the universalism/relativism debate.
La Perception du risque technologique: Le droit entre Janus et Prométhée
Authors: Boustany Katia , Halde Normand , Antaki Mark 
Published: July 2014

RésuméAvec, sous l'effet des théories néo-libérales, la remise en cause du processus étatique de réglementation, notamment dans les secteurs technonologiques, de nombreuses questions se posent quant à la capacité des personnes ayant subi un préjudice du fait d'activités technoscientifiques à en obtenir réparation par voie judiciaire. Après avoir exposé les principaux éléments théoriques du débat sur les rapports entre normativité, valeurs démocratiques et économie, l'article s'intéresse à la perception de la science et du risque technoscientifique par les juges, à travers l'analyse de certaines jurisprudences québécoise et canadiennes sous l'angle des rapports entre la preuve scientifique et la preuve en droit. Les auteurs discutent ainsi le problème du poids et de de l'importance de la preuve scientifique dans le processus judiciaire et se réfèrent également aux termes du débat tel qu'il se déroule aux États-Unis.
Mechanisms and processes of relational and physical victimization, depressive symptoms, and children's relational-interdependent self-construals: Implications for peer relationships and psychopathology
Authors: Kawabata Yoshito , Tseng Wan-Ling , Crick Nicki R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis short-term longitudinal study examined the associations between relational and physical victimization and depressive symptoms, and the moderating role of school-aged children's relational-interdependent self-construals in these associations. The participants were 387 children (51.8% boys) who were in the fifth grade (M= 10.48 years,SD= 0.55) in Taiwan and followed at two time points (a 6-month interval) during a calendar year. A multiple-informant approach was used where forms of peer victimization, depressive symptoms, and relational-interdependent self-construals were assessed via peer nominations, teacher reports, and child reports, respectively. All measures had favorable psychometric properties. The results of a multigroup cross-lagged model demonstrated that relational victimization (not physical victimization) was positively predictive of subsequent depressive symptoms, and the effect was evidenced for highly interdependent children only. The opposite link was also significant, such that depressive symptoms predicted subsequent relational victimization (not physical victimization) for children who exhibited low and high levels of relational-interdependent self-construals. In contrast, physical victimization predated a lower level of depressive symptoms for highly interdependent children. These effects were unaffected by the gender of the child. The findings, especially the interactive effects of relational victimization (as a contextual factor) and relational-interdependent self-construals (as an individual vulnerability) on depressive symptoms, are discussed from a developmental psychopathology perspective.
Dwelling on it may make it worse: The links between relational victimization, relational aggression, rumination, and depressive symptoms in adolescents
Authors: Mathieson Lindsay C. , Klimes-Dougan Bonnie , Crick Nicki R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAlthough there is considerable evidence that relational victimization is associated with depressive symptoms in youth, our understanding about the mechanisms by which victimization and depressive symptoms are linked is limited. The current study explored ruminating about victimization experiences as a potential mechanism that might contribute to an understanding of the association between relational victimization and depressive symptoms. We also tested the specificity of the proposed models by controlling for and testing parallel models of a highly related behavior: relational aggression. A sample of 499 adolescents from sixth through eighth grades participated. Teacher reports were used to assess relational victimization and relational aggression. Self-reports were used to assess depressive symptoms and rumination. The results showed that rumination partially mediated the association between relational victimization and depressive symptoms. No moderation effect was found. In contrast, rumination moderated the association between relational aggression and depressive symptoms. Specifically, relational aggression was associated with depressive symptoms for those adolescents who were also ruminators. Thus, ruminating about victimization experiences appears to be an important mechanism that functions differently for relational aggression and relational victimization in conferring risk for depressive symptoms. The findings offer important practical implications for those working with adolescents and also lay the groundwork for future research.
Parenting, relational aggression, and borderline personality features: Associations over time in a Russian longitudinal sample
Authors: Nelson David A. , Coyne Sarah M. , Swanson Savannah M. , Hart Craig H. , Olsen Joseph A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCrick, Murray-Close, and Woods (2005) encouraged the study of relational aggression as a developmental precursor to borderline personality features in children and adolescents. A longitudinal study is needed to more fully explore this association, to contrast potential associations with physical aggression, and to assess generalizability across various cultural contexts. In addition, parenting is of particular interest in the prediction of aggression or borderline personality disorder. Early aggression and parenting experiences may differ in their long-term prediction of aggression or borderline features, which may have important implications for early intervention. The currrent study incorporated a longitudinal sample of preschool children (84 boys, 84 girls) living in intact, two-parent biological households in Voronezh, Russia. Teachers provided ratings of children's relational and physical aggression in preschool. Mothers and fathers also self-reported their engagement in authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and psychological controlling forms of parenting with their preschooler. A decade later, 70.8% of the original child participants consented to a follow-up study in which they completed self-reports of relational and physical aggression and borderline personality features. The multivariate results of this study showed that preschool relational aggression in girls predicted adolescent relational aggression. Preschool aversive parenting (i.e., authoritarian, permissive, and psychologically controlling forms) significantly predicted aggression and borderline features in adolescent females. For adolescent males, preschool authoritative parenting served as a protective factor against aggression and borderline features, whereas authoritarian parenting was a risk factor for later aggression.
Borderline personality features in childhood: The role of subtype, developmental timing, and chronicity of child maltreatment
Authors: Hecht Kathryn F. , Cicchetti Dante , Rogosch Fred A. , Crick Nicki R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractChild maltreatment has been established as a risk factor for borderline personality disorder (BPD), yet few studies consider how maltreatment influences the development of BPD features through childhood and adolescence. Subtype, developmental timing, and chronicity of child maltreatment were examined as factors in the development of borderline personality features in childhood. Children (Mage = 11.30,SD= 0.94), including 314 maltreated and 285 nonmaltreated children from comparable low socioeconomic backgrounds, provided self-reports of developmentally salient borderline personality traits. Maltreated children had higher overall borderline feature scores, had higher scores on each individual subscale, and were more likely to be identified as at high risk for development of BPD through raised scores on all four subscales. Chronicity of maltreatment predicted higher overall borderline feature scores, and patterns of onset and recency of maltreatment significantly predicted whether a participant would meet criteria for the high-risk group. Implications of findings and recommendations for intervention are discussed.