bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic characterization of the new benzimidazole synthetic opioids - nitazenes
Authors: Jadhav Gajanan R. , Fasinu Pius S. 
Published: July 2024

The recent re-emergence and the increasing popularity of nitazenes, a group of new synthetic opioids (NSO) that belong to the benzimidazole chemical class, has raised public health concerns. As a class of potential opioid analgesic agents whose development was discontinued in the 1960s due to their high potential for abuse, very little is known about their metabolism and physiologic disposition. In the current study, three nitazenes–butonitazene, isotonitazene and protonitaze were incubated in human liver microsomes (HLM), human S9 (HS9) fractions and recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes. All three nitazenes were rapidly metabolized in both HLM and HS9 with over 95% depletion within 60 min. In HLM, butonitazene, isotonitazene and protonitazene had in vitro intrinsic clearance (CLint) (µL/min/mg protein) values of 309, 221 and 216 respectively compared to 150 of verapamil, the positive control. In HS9, CLint values were 217, 139, and 150 for butonitazene, isotonitazene and protonitazene respectively compared to only 35 for testosterone, the control probe substrate. Putative metabolite identified from this study include products of hydroxylation, desethylation, dealkylation, desethylation followed by dealkylation, and desethylation followed by hydroxylation. The metabolic phenotyping showed CYP2D6, CYP2B6 and CYP2C8 and the major hepatic enzymes responsible for the metabolism of nitazenes. Within 30 min of incubation, CYP2D6 depleted butonitazene (99%), isotonitazene (72%) and butonitazene (100%) significantly. The rapid metabolism of nitazenes may be an important factor in accurate and timely detections and quantitation of the unchanged drugs in human matrices following intoxication or in forensic analysis. The involvement of multiple polymorphic CYPs in their metabolism may play important roles in the susceptibility to intoxication and/or addiction, depending on the activity of the metabolites.
Game-theory based truck platoon avoidance modes selection near the highway off-ramp in mixed traffic environment
Authors: Li Yi , Wang Lan , Xuan Zhaoze , Shen Wenzhe 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: The rise of autonomous vehicles has brought about a transformative shift in transportation, witnessing the coexistence of human-driven and autonomous vehicles on highways in the United States, Europe, and China. This coexistence poses challenges to traffic operations, particularly in intricate scenarios like highway ramps. The interaction between autonomous truck platoons, displaying heightened maneuverability, and human-driven vehicles has emerged as a critical concern. Consequently, this research aims to propose and investigate three avoidance modes (overall, gap and cross) employed by truck platoons, evaluating their comprehensive impact on human-driven vehicles.Methods: Multiple scenarios are simulated utilizing the Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) software, collecting data on three distinctive avoidance modes concerning Travel Time (TT) and Time to Collision (TTC). Employing principles of game theory, a comprehensive assessment is undertaken to evaluate the traffic efficiency and safety of each mode. Comparative analyses against a no-avoidance baseline are conducted, offering a holistic evaluation of each mode’s applicability across diverse scenarios.Results: The findings highlight the commendable performance of gap mode and overall mode in enhancing traffic efficiency, while cross mode excels in fortifying traffic safety. Overall, the gap mode emerges as the optimal choice among the three.Discussion: This study introduces a game-theoretic approach to managing human-machine mixed traffic flow, establishing a foundational framework for theoretical research in decision-making for emerging mixed traffic environments. It considers safety and efficiency perspectives across different types of traffic entities. The insights gained contribute to the evolving discourse on the integration of autonomous vehicles into existing traffic systems, addressing the intricate challenges posed by the coexistence of various vehicle types on highways.
Influencing factors of different metabolic status in hospitalized patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Ding Mubing , Zhang Shaotong , Zhu Zaochen , Cai Renliang , Fang Jin , Zhou Chao , Zhang Xiangrong , Fang Xinyu 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the risk factors for different metabolic status in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsA total of 968 hospitalized patients with schizophrenia were recruited. Fasting blood glucose (GLU) and lipid profile, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were measured. Schizophrenia patients were divided into four groups: normal metabolism and weight (NMNW), abnormal metabolism and normal weight (AMNW), normal metabolism and overweight/obesity (NMO), and abnormal metabolism and overweight/obesity (AMO).ResultsOur results showed that NMNW, AMNW, NMO, and AMO accounted for 25.3%, 12.7%, 25.4%, and 36.6%, respectively. There were significant differences in age, disease duration, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, chronic disease, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), GLU, TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C among these four groups (all p &lt; 0.05). With the NMNW group as the reference, the disordered multiple classification regression analysis showed that chronic disease was a significant risk factor for AMNW (OR = 5.271, 95% CI = 3.165 to 8.780, p &lt; 0.001) and AMO (OR = 3.245, 95% CI = 2.004 to 5.254, p &lt; 0.001), age was an important protective factor for NMO (OR = 0.968, 95% CI = 0.943 to 0.994, p = 0.015) and AMO (OR = 0.973, 95% CI = 0.948 to 0.999, p &lt; 0.042), waist circumference was a significant risk factor for NMO (OR = 1.218, 95% CI = 1.180 to 1.257, p &lt; 0.001) and AMO (OR = 1.252, 95% CI = 1.212 to 1.291, p &lt; 0.001), and college education was an obvious protective factor for AMO (OR = 0.343, 95% CI = 0.123 to 0.953, p &lt; 0.040) among patients with schizophrenia.ConclusionThe findings of our study underscored the importance of factors such as age, education level, chronic disease, and waist circumference when exploring the influencing factors and biological mechanisms of obesity-related metabolic problems in schizophrenia patients.
Socioeconomic inequality as a predictor of unmet health needs in the older adult population of Serbia
Authors: Savić Nikola , Radević Svetlana , Jovanović Verica , Ranković Nevena , Lukić Igor , Bogdanović Vasić Slobodanka , Arandjelović Branimirka , Bajić Biljana , Mirković Andrea , Arnaut Aleksandra , Bajić Borko , Vukosavljević Svetlana , Kocić Sanja 
Published: July 2024

ObjectivesThe aim of this paper is to assess the relationship between demographic and socioeconomic predictors and the unmet health needs of the older adult population in Serbia.Materials and methodsThe study is part of the Population Health Survey of Serbia, which was conducted in the period from October to December 2019 by the Institute for Public Health of Serbia “Dr. Milan Jovanović Batut” and the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Serbia. The research was conducted on a representative sample of Serbian residents in the form of a cross-sectional study. For the purposes of this research study, data on senior citizens, aged 65 and older, were used.ResultsMultivariate regression analysis of demographic characteristics that showed statistical significance in the univariate model as a whole explains between 4.2% (Cox &amp; Snell R Square) and 5.9% (Nagelkerke R Square) of the variance of unmet health needs and correctly classifies 66.3% cases. Statistically significant demographic predictors were the region where the respondents live, level of education, and material condition. The results of the research show that the most dominant predictors of the unmet health needs of the older adult population are related to socioeconomic inequalities, financial reasons, and predictors related to the inaccessibility of health care.ConclusionThe results suggest that individual socioeconomic predictors have a great influence on the emergence of unmet health needs of the older adult population in Serbia. Every third older adult resident did not receive the necessary health care, most often due to financial constraints.
The effect of educational intervention based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model on self-care behaviors and quality of life of hypertensive patients
Authors: Rakhshani Tayebeh , Tahmasebi Zahra , Ghahremani Leila , Kamyab Amirhossein , Khani Jeihooni Ali 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundTo prevent the harmful consequences of hypertension and enhance the quality of life of hypertensive patients, the use of educational models is highly suggested. Therefore, the present study was designed to determine the effect of education based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED on self-care behaviors and the quality of life of hypertensive patients in Kazeroon city, Iran, in 2023.MethodsA total of 120 hypertensive individuals who were referred to Kazeroon city health centers participated in the current quasi-experimental study. The participants were divided into two experimental and control groups using a random sampling technique (60 participants in each group). The self-care behaviors questionnaire, the quality of life questionnaire, and a questionnaire based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model were used as the data acquisition techniques. Both groups completed the questionnaires before and 2 months after the intervention. The educational program included a six-session, 50–60 min training program using three different teaching methods (speaking, Q&amp;A, group discussion, and peer training) in health facilities. The data were examined using paired t, independent t, and chi-square statistical tests after being entered into the SPSS 24 statistical program.ResultsFollowing the intervention, the experimental group showed significantly higher values in quality of life, knowledge, attitude, enabling and reinforcing factors, and self-care behaviors compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.001 for all comparisons). The experimental group also exhibited a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure measures compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionIn the present study, education based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model and focusing on blood pressure self-care behavior in patients with hypertension led to a decrease in their systolic blood pressure measures and improved their quality of life.
Science behind children’s handwashing: action study of 9- to 10-years-old elementary school students in Japan
Authors: Oura Asae , Naito Yukiko , Yako-Suketomo Hiroko , Nakata Kei , Koyama Masayuki , Ohnishi Hirofumi 
Published: July 2024

BackgroundHand washing instructions for children have been implemented in school education to establish good lifestyle habits. However, repeated hand washing through education from early childhood was common for both teachers and children. If this continues, children might assume they already know how to wash their hands, stop taking handwashing instructions seriously, and become increasingly lax about washing their hands.PurposeThis study aimed to develop a new handwashing education method for children.MethodsWe applied the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) test to health education on hand washing in elementary schools. This study was conducted as part of a class for elementary school students in October 2023, in Hokkaido, Japan. The subjects were 157 third-grade (9–10 years old) elementary school students. After excluding absent pupils, 147 were included in the analysis.ResultsBoth pre- and post-education, ATP values after handwashing were lower than those before handwashing. Following the education, children’s handwashing behavior improved, with an increase in the number of point washed and appropriate timing of handwashing.ConclusionThe new handwashing education program utilizing the ATP-test succeeded in promoting handwashing behavior among many children. Visualizing handwashing using ATP values was effective in motivating children.
Professional narratives on continued training in the laboral landscape of social education
Authors: Campillo Díaz Margarita , Ayala de la Peña Amalia , Álvarez Muñoz José Santiago , Hernández Prados Ma Ángeles 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionLabor consolidation is not a sufficient criterion to abandon the need for the qualification and requalification of professionals, especially in the field of education, which must respond to the uncertainties of society in the light of trends and advances incorporated in pedagogical research.MethodsThe present qualitative study analyzes the training demands of social education professionals from their own perspective, using their own stories in a semi-structured interview format conducted with), key informants from governmental and non-governmental organizations in southeastern Spain, specifically from the autonomous community of the region of Murcia.ResultsAccording to the results, the most frequent and significant formative limitations are those referred to in the field of social policies, legislative training, administrative processing, specialized work in specific sectors or collectives, and mediation. Similarly, the results reveal fashion themes (mental health, gender) and reiteration of non-exclusive conditioners of social education. These are extrapolable to other areas, such as the increasing bureaucracy and complexity in the proceedings as common places in the reflection of professionals with their own initiative and commitment to their own updating that is associated with a reflective criticism of their own professionalization.DiscussionThe diverse range of responses and subjects, as indicated by the numerous descriptors needed for the categorization and their respective percentages, leads us to conclude that ongoing professional training does not encourage excessive specialization. Instead, it necessitates offering a broad range of training adjusted to the versatility of situations.
Groundwater fluoride prediction modeling using physicochemical parameters in Punjab, India: a machine-learning approach
Authors: Kerketta Anjali , Kapoor Harmanpreet Singh , Sahoo Prafulla Kumar 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionRising fluoride levels in groundwater resources have become a worldwide concern, presenting a significant challenge to the safe utilization of water resources and posing potential risks to human well-being. Elevated fluoride and its vast spatial variability have been documented across different districts of Punjab, India, and it is, therefore, imperative to predict the fluoride levels for efficient groundwater resources planning and management.MethodsIn this study, five different models, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (Xgboost), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM), and Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), are proposed to predict groundwater fluoride using the physicochemical parameters and sampling depth as predictor variables. The performance of these five models was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE).Results and discussionELM outperformed the remaining four models, thus exhibiting a strong predictive power. The R2, MAE, and RMSE values for ELM at the training and testing stages were 0.85, 0.46, 0.36 and, 0.95, 0.31, and 0.33, respectively, while other models yielded inferior results. Based on the relative importance scores, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), sodium (Na+), chloride (Cl−), and calcium (Ca2+) contributed significantly to model performance. High variability in the target (fluoride) and predictor variables might have led to the poor performance of the models, implying the need for better data pre-processing techniques to improve data quality. Although ELM showed satisfactory results, it can be considered a promising model for predicting groundwater quality.
Multicriteria analysis of sustainable agri-food waste management for an agroecosystem in Finland
Authors: Marttila Miika , Havukainen Jouni , Uusitalo Ville , Linnanen Lassi , Mikkilä Mirja 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThe reliance on fossil inputs of agricultural practices has led to maximizing yields and profitability, even at the expense of environmental sustainability. Implementing circular waste management solutions could help align the economic and environmental goals of farmers while reducing their reliance on fossil inputs. The co-application of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis has been recognized as a potential solution to assist in the transition towards sustainable agriculture.ObjectivesThis research assesses different waste management strategies of the major sidestreams generated in agroecosystems in Finland from a climate impact and financial perspective, particularly focusing on the integration of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis as an emerging solution.MethodsSix waste management options representing manure application, composting, incineration, anaerobic digestion, pyrolysis, and a co-application process of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis, are simultaneously assessed with cash flow analysis and life cycle assessment.ResultsThe results indicate that co-applying anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis strengthens the performance of a farm through reduced impact on climate, diversified revenue streams, and increased security of supply, even though the direct, short-term financial benefits remain marginal. The capability of co-application of anaerobic digestion and pyrolysis to reduce the climate impacts within the studied system supports the consensus that sustainable and self-sufficient agroecosystems could be supported by this solution in the future.ConclusionThe adoption of more sustainable agricultural practices requires further expansion of technologies and additional value creation mechanisms, such as stronger employment of carbon markets, to even the economic competition and favor low-carbon operations for practitioners.
Knowledge attainment, learning approaches, and self-perceived study burnout among European veterinary students
Authors: Iivanainen Antti , Collares Carlos Fernando , Wandall Jakob , Parpala Anna , Nevgi Anne , Keto-Timonen Riikka , Tipold Andrea , Schaper Elisabeth , van Haeften Theo , Pihl Tina Holberg , Press Charles McLean , Holm Peter 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionThis study investigates the relationship between approaches to learning, self-perceived study burnout, and the level of knowledge among veterinary students. Veterinary educational programs are under regular development and would benefit greatly from detailed feedback on students' knowledge, proficiency, influencing factors, and coping mechanisms.MethodsThe VetRepos consortium developed and calibrated an item repository testing knowledge across the entire veterinary curriculum. Two hundred forty-eight students from seven European veterinary institutions took the VetRepos test, comprising a subset of the repository. They also responded to a questionnaire assessing deep and unreflective learning approaches and self-perceived study burnout, represented by exhaustion and cynicism. Structural equation modeling analyzed the relationship between these latent traits and the VetRepos test score.ResultsThe model failed the exact-fit test but was retained based on global fit indices, inter-item residual correlations, and standardized residual covariances. Root Mean Square Error of Approximation with robust standard errors and scaled test statistic was 0.049 (95% confidence interval 0.033–0.071), scaled and robust Comparative Fit Index 0.95 (0.90–0.98), and scaled Standardized Root Mean Square Residual 0.056 (0.049–0.071). Measurement invariance across study years was not violated (ΔCFI = 0.00, χ2 = 3.78, Δdf = 4, p = 0.44), but it could not be confirmed between genders or universities. The VetRepos test score regressed on the study year [standardized regression coefficient = 0.68 (0.62–0.73)], showed a negative regression on the unreflective learning approach [−0.25 (−0.47 to −0.03)], and a positive regression on the deep approach [0.16 (0.03–0.28)]. No direct association with perceived burnout was observed; however, a significant, medium-sized association was found between the unreflective approach and self-perceived study burnout. No significant differences in learning approaches or perceived burnout were found between study years.DiscussionThe most important source of variance in VetRepos test scores, unrelated to the study year, was the learning approach. The association between the VetRepos test score and self-perceived burnout was indirect. Future research should complement this cross-sectional approach with longitudinal and person-oriented studies, further investigating the relationship between study burnout and learning approaches.
Theileria orientalis Ikeda infection does not negatively impact growth performance or breeding soundness exam results in young beef bulls at bull test stations
Authors: Guynn Sierra R. , Greiner Scott P. , Currin John F. , Todd S. Michelle , Assenga Alphonce , Hungerford Laura L. , Lahmers Kevin K. 
Published: July 2024

IntroductionTheileria orientalis Ikeda genotype is an emerging cattle disease in the US. Since 2017, when T. orientalis Ikeda was discovered in beef cattle in two counties in Virginia, cattle infections have risen to include ~67% of Virginia counties and 14 states. Consistent with New Zealand studies, many infected herds in Virginia were &gt;90% positive upon initial testing without overt evidence of infection. Central bull tests present a unique opportunity to study the effects of T. orientalis Ikeda infections, as bulls from multiple source herds are consolidated. The objective of this study was to determine if infection with T. orientalis Ikeda affected the average daily gain (ADG), adjusted yearling weight (AYW) and breeding soundness of bulls at two test stations in Virginia over a period of years.Materials and methodsThe bulls were fed and housed similarly to compare their growth performance and breeding soundness. For T. orientalis Ikeda testing, DNA was extracted from whole blood for quantitative polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe number of bulls infected with T. orientalis Ikeda at initial delivery to the stations increased significantly over the years studied. Multivariable linear regression models, using Angus bulls from Virginia test stations, indicated no significant effect on ADG or AYW in bulls that became test positive during the test or were positive for the duration, compared to Angus bulls that were negative for the duration. At LOC A, the odds of passing a breeding soundness exam (BSE) were not significantly different for bulls that turned positive during the test or were positive for the duration, compared to bulls that were negative for the duration of the test. At LOC B, bulls that became positive during the test were 2.4 times more likely (95% CI: 1.165–4.995, p = 0.016) to pass their BSE compared to bulls that remained negative throughout the test.DiscussionWe do not suppose that an obscured infection of T. orientalis Ikeda is protective for bulls to pass a BSE. However, this study demonstrates an obscured infection of T. orientalis Ikeda does not negatively affect weight gain or achievement of a satisfactory BSE rating at the central bull test stations in Virginia.