bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cleft Care in Nigeria: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Oginni F.O. , Oladele A.O. , Adenekan A.T. , Olabanji J.K. 
Published: August 2012

Objective To review the progress of orofacial cleft care in Nigeria and propose a viewpoint for the future. Design Review of the available literature on cleft care in Nigeria and survey of the status of ongoing cleft care in Nigerian centers. We employed a pretested self-administered questionnaire sent and returned through electronic mail. Participants Coordinators of cleft care centers in Nigeria. Main Outcome Measures Findings of literature search and responses to mailed questionnaires. Results Available literature suggests that the fate of orofacial cleft patients during the precolonial era in Nigeria remains unclear. However, there is evidence of surgical care delivery just before the end of the colonial era. We identified and contacted 39 existing cleft care delivery centers, of which 30 (76.9%) responded. The majority (69.2%) of the responding centers began cleft care delivery between 2006 and 2010; 73.3% have designated cleft clinic locations and 66.7% offer interdisciplinary care. All responding centers offer cheiloplasty, while 86.7% offer palatoplasty. Other aspects of cleft care are provided sparingly in most centers due to paucity of manpower. Challenges with hospital administration, securing bed and theater spaces, drug availability, and performing laboratory investigations were the common limitations reported. Conclusions We advocate for improved cleft care delivery through removing administrative bottlenecks, fortifying existing centers, and mentoring younger colleagues for entry into underserved specialties. Concerted effort and international collaborations aimed at transforming some of the existing cleft centers to standard pediatric craniofacial centers are desirable.
Partner Abuse in Ethnic Minority and Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Populations
Authors: West Carolyn M. 
Published: August 2012

This review seeks to synthesize the current state of knowledge regarding gender differences in rates of physical and psychological intimate partner violence (IPV) prevalence among the four largest racial/ethnic groups in the United States, compares rates of physical and psychological IPV between sexual minorities and heterosexuals and among subgroups of sexual minorities (gay men, lesbians, bisexuals), and summarizes correlates and risk factors that are associated with rates of IPV in both ethnic and sexual minorities.A systematic search of the published literature in the past 40 years using various search engines (e.g., PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) was conducted. The review identified 55 studies that met criteria. Few gender differences in rates of physical and psychological aggression were found among African American, Hispanic American, Asian American, and Native American men and women. Psychological aggression was most frequently reported. Bidirectional violence, which primarily took the form of minor aggression, was the most frequently reported form of physical violence. When unidirectional aggression was assessed, it was more likely to be female perpetrated, particularly among African Americans. These gender patterns were consistent across general population, student, and community studies. Respondents who reported a history of same-sex cohabitation and those who identified as sexual minorities reported higher rates of IPV than those who reported only a history of opposite-sex cohabitation and those who identified as heterosexual.Regarding sexual minority subgroup differences, bisexuals appeared to be at a greater risk of IPV, and victimization among transgendered individuals has largely been neglected in the literature. Substance abuse and use, marginalized socioeconomic status in the form of family and neighborhood poverty, and exposure to violence during childhood as a witness or victim of violence in the family of origin were consistently linked to elevated rates of IPV. Associations also were found between level of acculturation and minority stress in the form of internalized homophobia and frequency of discrimination based on sexual orientation. However, the complex association among these variables was less clear across racial groups and sexual orientation. Research limitations and future research directions are discussed.
A Perfect Storm: A Case in Nonprofit Financial Reporting
Authors: Ruhl Jack M. , Smith Ola M. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT
This case provides an opportunity to examine numerous issues related to financial reporting for nonprofits, including the usefulness of generally accepted accounting principles, the level of assurance provided by an audit, the importance of each of the three basic financial statements and notes, and the financial reporting requirements for nonprofits. We specifically highlight the function of the media in financial disclosure for nonprofits. Students are able to see firsthand the type of financial reporting that may result if GAAP is not followed and there is no audit. Moreover, students have the opportunity to learn how incomplete financial reporting affects the relationship between stakeholders and administrators in a nonprofit environment. The case centers around actual events that occurred in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New Orleans from 2001 to 2009, and therefore provides a realistic learning environment. Finally, the case provides students the opportunity to engage in role-playing as financial managers and stakeholders.
Max-Value Stores, Inc.: Financial Reporting of Gift Cards
Authors: Gujarathi Mahendra R. 
Published: August 2012

ABSTRACT
Max-Value Stores, Inc., a discount general merchandise operator, has initiated a program to sell its own gift cards and those of other retailers. This case provides an opportunity to apply your understanding of various financial reporting topics (revenue recognition, liability de-recognition, accounting changes, and deferred tax accounting) to determine the applicable GAAP (generally accepted accounting principles) for recognizing gift card “breakage,” the estimated amount of gift cards that is unlikely to be redeemed. You also must evaluate soundness of the proposals that the management of MVS has made during the process of annual audit to recognize estimated gift card breakage and estimated non-redemption of the restricted gift cards issued during the special Thanksgiving promotion. The case provides you an opportunity to examine several technical and conceptual financial reporting issues in a real-world setting, strengthen accounting research capabilities, understand implications of the choice of an accounting policy for performance measurement and financial statement analysis, and develop critical thinking and professional judgment skills.
Modern sands derived from the Vertiskos Unit of the Serbomacedonian Massif (N. Greece): a preliminary study on the weathering of the Unit
Authors: Georgiadis Ioannis , Koroneos Antonios , Tsirambides Ananias , Stamatakis Michael 
Published: August 2012

Abstract
Modern sand samples were collected from the Vertiskos Unit of the Serbomacedonian Massif, northern Greece, and were examined for their texture and mineralogical composition. They were collected from active channels and torrents. The textural study demonstrated that these modern sands are moderately to very-poorly sorted, often polymodal in grain size distribution, texturally and mineralogically immature to submature, and consist of coarse-grained gravelly sands to slightly-gravelly muddy sands. The dominant composition is quartzofeldspathic. All samples contain detrital minerals of metamorphic origin, mainly amphibole and garnet, in addition to minor amounts of pyroxene and detrital calcite. These sediments were deposited rapidly and close to their source, the metamorphic basement of the Vertiskos Unit. The mineral constituents of the samples indicate that the Vertiskos Unit is undergoing rapid physical weathering due to the temperate and seasonal climate. The results of this study suggest that these modern sands constitute one sedimentary petrologic province comprised of primarily of amphibole-garnet.
Imagining the Heart: Incorporations, Intrusions and Identity
Authors: Shildrick Margrit 
Published: August 2012

Surgical intervention into human corporeality relies on the Cartesian machine model of the body to justify such radical intrusion as the properly reasoned and informed actions and choices of essentially disembodied sovereign subjects. Both the surgical subject and the surgical team are engaged in a form of heroic, albeit supremely functional, medicine in which questions of self, embodiment, and intercorporeality are put to one side. This is especially evident in the field of heart transplantation. Nonetheless, of all the non-visible parts of the body, it is the heart that has been most clearly at the centre of both imagery and imagination in western culture. What is striking is the degree to which the heart is represented not as a merely functional part of the body that might be exchanged at will, but as an organ of immense personal significance. In socio-cultural terms the heart stands in for a range of inherently human attributes such as love, empathy, fear, guilt and so on that are at the core of selfhood. And as my current research on transplantation shows, both recipients and donors are troubled by not so much by biomedical risk, as by issues of identity and the vexed relation between self and other. How then does this cultural and personal understanding line up with the biomedical need to represent the organ as a mere pump, as an exchangeable depersonalised mass that can unproblematically take its place in ‘spare part surgery’? I shall review some contemporary representations of heart donation and transplantation that both re-enforce the supposed utility of the process while at the same time sliding away into the realm of psychic significance where the heart is figured as the gift of life. What are the implications for recipients of receiving such a gift that in the most substantive way crosses the boundary between self and other in a mode that leaves the categorical identity of both open to doubt. How can we reimagine the problematic in ways that would leave behind intimations of intrusion and acknowledge intercorporeality as a positive and desirable outcome?
On the Bragg Diffraction Spectra of a Meyer Set
Authors: Strungaru Nicolae 
Published: August 2012

AbstractMeyer sets have a relatively dense set of Bragg peaks, and for this reason they may be considered as basic mathematical examples of (aperiodic) crystals. In this paper we investigate the pure point part of the diffraction of Meyer sets in more detail. The results are of two kinds. First, we show that, given aMeyer set and any positive intensity a less than the maximum intensity of its Bragg peaks, the set of Bragg peaks whose intensity exceeds a is itself a Meyer set (in the Fourier space). Second, we show that if a Meyer set is modified by addition and removal of points in such a way that its density is not altered too much (the allowable amount being given explicitly as a proportion of the original density), then the newly obtained set still has a relatively dense set of Bragg peaks.
Midia-educação e pesquisa educativa
Authors: Rivoltella Pier Cesare 
Published: August 2012

Este texto se propõe a definir a especificidade da pesquisa no âmbito da Mídia Educação em relação à pesquisa educativa. Para tal, parte da moldura epistemológica apresentada por Van der Maren (2003) contextualizando-a no interior da pesquisa internacional sobre a relação entre mídia e educação.
Marx e Lukács e o problema da individualidade: algumas aproximações
Authors: Vaisman Ester 
Published: August 2012

A última grande obra filosófica de Gyorgy Lukács, para uma ontologia do ser social, assim como os prolegômenos constituem no interior do marxismo uma inovação radical diante da interpretação dispensada à obra de Marx ao longo do último século, pois têm o mérito de enfatizar o caráter ontológico do pensamento de Marx. Entretanto, se deve sublinhar que, segun- do o filósofo húngaro, a categoria da generidade explicita a concepção revolucionária sobre o ser e o devir do gênero huma- no instaurada por Marx. Lukács identifica o lócus genético dessa concepção, ou seja, a superação do gênero natural mudo e o surgimento do gênero propriamente humano, precisamente na práxis que constitui a maneira segundo a qual a “adaptação ativa” se desenvolve e na qual, por consequência, se realiza de modo contraditório e não idêntico a constituição processual do ser social. Nesse contexto, Lukács não compreende a individua-lidade como um dado humano originário, mas, antes, como categoria que se constitui também historicamente, sobre o fundamento de uma “determinação recíproca” com a generidade.
Triggering the Continuous Growth of Graphene Toward Millimeter‐Sized Grains
Authors: Wu Tianru , Ding Guqiao , Shen Honglie , Wang Haomin , Sun Lei , Jiang Da , Xie Xiaoming , Jiang Mianheng 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA simple but efficient strategy to synthesize millimeter‐sized graphene single crystal grains by regulating the supply of reactants in the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process is demonstrated. Polystyrene is used as a carbon source. Pulse heating on the carbon source is utilized to minimize the nucleation density of graphene on copper foil, while a gradual increase in the temperature of the carbon source and the flow rate of hydrogen is adapted to drive the continuous growth of the graphene grains. As a result, the nucleation density of graphene grain can be controlled to as low as ≈100 nuclei/cm2, and a single crystal grain can grow up to dimensions of ≈1.2 mm. Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrical‐transport measurements show that the graphene grains obtained are of high quality. The strategy presented provides very good controllability and enables the possibility of large graphene single crystals, which is of vital importance for practical applications.
Transcatheter closure of multiple interatrial communications
Authors: Masseli Johannes , Bertog Stefan , Stanczak Lukas , Blankenbach Kira , Majunke Nicolas , Reiffenstein Isabel , Renkhoff Kristina , Lehn Katharina , Wunderlich Nina , Sievert Horst 
Published: August 2012

ObjectivesWe sought to examine acute and midterm results of closure of multiple interatrial communications with staged device deployment and to review the relevant literature.BackgroundInformation about percutaneous methods of closure for multiple defects is limited.MethodsWe treated 148 patients with multiple defects. Of these, 88 had a relevant left to right shunt (“LRS”), 52 had a presumed paradoxical embolism (“PPE”), five had both (LRS and PPE), and one patient, respectively, had migraine, decompression sickness, and a right to left shunt. After implantation of the first device, closure of additional septal defects was attempted only if indicated clinically.ResultsNinety‐four patients received a single device and 53 more than one. In four patients, surgical defect closure followed. At the end of follow‐up (FU; mean 4.5 ± 3.4 years), complete closure of all defects occurred in 67.6% (62.1% for LRS, 76.5% for PPE). Clinical success (small or trivial residual shunt) was achieved in 86.9% (83.9% for LRS, 90.2% for PPE). Complications included pericardial effusions in 2.7%, recurrent thromboembolic events in 4.8%, and new onset of atrial fibrillation in 10.1%. In a significant number of patients with multiple defects, after single device implantation, the likelihood of complete closure increased with FU time (26% complete closure at 1 month vs. 78% at 24 months).ConclusionPercutaneous closure of multiple interatrial communications is feasible and safe. Importantly, many residual defects close without further intervention at FU. Therefore, staged device delivery is an alternative to simultaneous device implantation, possibly requiring fewer and smaller second devices. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Triarylamines from Aryl Halides and Arylamines
Authors: Qian Cunwei , Xu Shaojie , Zong Qianshou , Fang Dong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractA simple and efficient methodology for the synthesis of triphenylamines has been demonstrated using copper catalyst with a ligand and tripotassium phosphate as the base. The effect of parameters such as catalyst precursors, ligands, bases and solvents were studied and a series of triphenylamines were obtained with moderate to excellent yields in DMF. This reaction displays great functional groups compatibility in the presence of a broad range of functional groups.
Metal‐Free Oxidation of α‐Hydroxy Ketones to 1,2‐Diketones Catalyzed by Mesoporous Carbon Nitride with Visible Light
Authors: Zheng Zhishuo , Zhou Xiaosong 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAs a photocatalyst, mesoporous carbon nitride (mpg‐C3N4) shows higher photocatalytic activities in organic synthesis. Herein we report an mpg‐C3N4‐catalyzed oxidation of α‐hydroxy ketones to synthesize 1,2‐diketones using visible light. This transformation represents a green and highly efficient synthetic route to synthesize 1,2‐diketones for which catalytic approaches are scarce.
CdGAP regulates cell migration and adhesion dynamics in two‐and three‐dimensional matrix environments
Authors: Wormer Duncan , Deakin Nicholas O. , Turner Christopher E. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractCdGAP is a Rac1/Cdc42 specific GTPase activating protein (GAP) that localizes to cell–matrix adhesions through an interaction with the adhesion scaffold α‐parvin/actopaxin to regulate lamellipodia formation and cell spreading. Herein, we demonstrate, using a combination of siRNA‐mediated silencing and overexpression, that cdGAP negatively regulates directed and random migration by controlling adhesion maturation and dynamics through the regulation of both adhesion assembly and disassembly. Interestingly, cdGAP was also localized to adhesions formed in three‐dimensional (3D) matrix environments and cdGAP depletion promoted cancer cell migration and invasion through 3D matrices. These findings highlight the importance of GAP proteins in the regulation of Rho family GTPases and the coordination of the cell migration machinery. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Case Study of Single‐Pill Combination Therapy: The Ezetimibe/Simvastatin Combination for Treatment of Hyperlipidemia
Authors: Huang Xianhai , Chen David Y.‐K. 
Published: August 2012

AbstractIn recent years, combination therapy has received growing popularity as a powerful therapeutic tactic for the treatment of diseases. The justifications and benefits of combination therapy are far‐reaching, including but not limited to addressing unmet medical needs such as cancer, malaria, and HIV/AIDS, improved clinical efficacy and safety with reduced dosage of a single medication, understanding the underlying science of the disease, alleviating pharmaco‐economic impacts, and better drug life‐cycle management. Using the ezetimibe/simvastatin combination therapy as a case study, a comprehensive overview of the successful discovery and development of the single‐pill combination, Vytorin, is presented in this review. A cursory introduction to combination therapy and the rationale for the ezetimibe/simvastatin combination for the treatment of hyperlipidemia provides an instructive entry point. The discovery and mode of action of simvastatin and ezetimibe monotherapies set the scene for a detailed discussion on the discovery and development of Vytorin, with emphasis on bioequivalency studies, clinical efficacy and safety profile studies, and the economic consequences of the single‐pill combination therapy. Large‐scale outcome clinical trials are also discussed to demonstrate the long‐term effects of Vytorin.
Piedmont olive oils: Compositional characterization and discrimination from oils from other regions
Authors: Aghemo Costanza , Albertino Andrea , Gobetto Roberto , Lussiana Carola , De Maria Antonino , Isocrono Deborah 
Published: August 2012

AbstractPiedmont olive oils collected in 2010 were characterized, for the first time, in terms of their fatty acid profile using GC and 1H NMR and compared to other oils from five Italian regions. Applying NMR spectroscopy on the olive oil samples, without manipulation, it is possible to calculate the proportion of the different acyl groups in the oil samples. As the area of the signals is proportional to the number of each type of proton in the sample, saturated, monounsaturated (oleic acid) and polyunsaturated (linoleic and linolenic acids) fatty acids were determined. All analyzed samples can be categorized as virgin olive oil extra quality according to the oleic/linoleic ratio. Based on a preliminary geographical investigation, olive oils produced in the North of Italy show a good separation from those from Central and Southern regions.Practical applications: Oil characterization of new products is the basis for further nutritional and food technological investigations and the quality of edible oils is of great concern especially for products available on the market. The two adopted techniques show a remarkable agreement in the evaluation of fatty acid composition of oil samples. Also, this research, by means of 1H NMR, provides information on geographical origin of the olive oils of Northern Italian regions with respect to Central and Southern regions.
Primate socioecology at the crossroads: Past, present, and future
Authors: Clutton‐Brock Tim , Janson Charles 
Published: August 2012

AbstractAttempts to explain differences in the size and structure of primate groups have argued that they are a consequence of variation in the intensity of feeding competition caused by contrasts in food distribution. However, although feeding competition can limit the size of female groups, many other factors affect the costs and the benefits of sociality to females and contribute to differences in group size. Moreover, interspecific differences in social relationships between females, in female philopatry, and in kinship between group members appear to be more closely associated with variation in life‐history parameters, reproductive strategies, and phylogeny than with contrasts in food distribution or feeding competition. The mismatch between predictions of socioecological theory and observed variation in primate social behavior has led to protracted arguments about the future of primate socioecology. We argue that future attempts to understand the diversity of primate societies need to be based on an approach that explores separate explanations for different components of social organization, combines ecological and phylogenetic information, and integrates research on primates with similar studies of other groups of mammals. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.