bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compatibility between Forficula auricularia and entomopathogenic nematodes to be used in pome fruit pest management
Authors: Lordan J. , Alegre S. , Alins G. , Sarasúa M. J. , Morton A. , García del Pino F. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUse of predators, parasitoids and entomopathogens as biocontrol agents in pome fruit production can lead to more efficient and sustainable pest management programmes. The European earwig (Forficula auricularia Linnaeus [Dermaptera: Forficulidae]) is a major predator of key pests in pome fruit orchards, and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are obligate parasites of a large number of insect species. Therefore, the interaction between earwigs and EPNs can play an important role in pest management programmes. Susceptibility of the European earwig to Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae (Steinernematidae) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Heterorhabditidae) was evaluated. S. carpocapsae was the only tested EPN capable of killing the European earwig. However, the European earwig can detect the presence of S. carpocapsae and therefore avoid nematode‐treated shelters. An earwig deterrent activity in EPN‐killed codling moth larvae that reduces the foraging of European earwig on insect cadavers containing nematodes and allows nematodes to complete their life cycle was also assessed with the three species of nematodes. These findings suggest a positive compatibility between the European earwig and EPNs.
Controlled attenuation parameter for the detection of steatosis severity in chronic liver disease: A meta‐analysis of diagnostic accuracy
Authors: Shi Ke‐Qing , Tang Jun‐Zhou , Zhu Xue‐Lian , Ying Li , Li De‐Wei , Gao Jian , Fang Yu‐Xiao , Li Gui‐Ling , Song Yi‐Jiang , Deng Zhu‐Jun , Wu Jian‐Min , Tang Kai‐Fu 
Published: January 2014

AbstractBackground and AimControlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a novel ultrasound‐based elastography method for detection of steatosis severity. This meta‐analysis aimed to assess the performance of CAP.MethodsPubMed, the Cochrane Library, and the Web of Knowledge were searched to find studies, published in English, relating to accuracy evaluations of CAP for detecting stage 1 (S1), stage 2 (S2), or stage 3 (S3) hepatic steatosis which was diagnosed by liver biopsy. Sensitivities, specificities, and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curves were used to examine CAP performance. The clinical utility of CAP was also evaluated.ResultsNine studies, with 11 cohorts were analyzed. The summary sensitivities and specificities values were 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69–0.84) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.68–0.86) for ≥ S1, 0.85 (95% CI, 0.74–0.92) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.71–0.85) for ≥ S2, and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.76–0.89) and 0.79 (95% CI, 0.68–0.87) for ≥ S3. The HSROCs were 0.85 (95% CI, 0.81–88) for ≥ S1, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.85–0.91) for ≥ S2, and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.84–0.90) for ≥ S3. Following a “positive” measurement (over the threshold value) for ≥ S1, ≥ S2, and ≥ S3, the corresponding post‐test probabilities for the presence of steatosis (pretest probability was 50%) were 78%, 80% and 80%, respectively; if the values were below these thresholds (“negative” results), the post‐test probabilities were 22%, 16%, and 17%, respectively.ConclusionsCAP has good sensitivity and specificity for detecting hepatic steatosis; however, based on a meta‐analysis, CAP was limited in their accuracy of steatosis, which precluded widespread use in clinical practice.
GluN2D‐containing NMDA receptors inhibit neurotransmission in the mouse striatum through a cholinergic mechanism: implication for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqun , Feng Ze‐Jun , Chergui Karima 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe GluN2 subunits that compose NMDA receptors (NMDARs) determine functional and pharmacological properties of the receptor. In the striatum, functions and potential dysfunctions of NMDARs attributed to specific GluN2 subunits have not been clearly elucidated, although NMDARs play critical roles in the interactions between glutamate and dopamine. Through the use of amperometry and field potential recordings in mouse brain slices, we found that NMDARs that contain the GluN2D subunit contribute to NMDA‐induced inhibition of evoked dopamine release and of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the striatum of control mice. Inhibition is likely mediated through increased firing in cholinergic interneurons, which were shown to express GluN2D. Indeed, NMDA‐induced inhibition of both dopamine release and glutamatergic neurotransmission is reduced in the presence of muscarinic receptor antagonists and is mimicked by a muscarinic receptor agonist. We have also examined whether this function of GluN2D‐containing NMDARs is altered in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. We found that the inhibitory role of GluN2D‐containing NMDARs on glutamatergic neurotransmission is impaired in the 6‐hydroxydopamine lesioned striatum. These results identify a role for GluN2D‐containing NMDARs and adaptive changes in experimental Parkinsonism. GluN2D might constitute an attractive target for the development of novel pharmacological tools for therapeutic intervention in Parkinson's disease.image
We have examined the role of NMDA receptors composed of the GluN2D subunit in the mouse striatum. These receptors inhibit the release of dopamine and of glutamate through a mechanism that involves activation of cholinergic interneurons. This inhibitory role is impaired in the dopamine‐depleted striatum. This study identifies GluN2D as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in Parkinson's disease.
Alanine‐(87)‐threonine polymorphism impairs signaling and internalization of the human P2Y11 receptor, when co‐expressed with the P2Y1 receptor
Authors: Haas Michael , Shaaban Ahmed , Reiser Georg 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe P2Y11 nucleotide receptor detects high extracellular ATP concentrations. Mutations of the human P2RY11 gene can play a role in brain autoimmune responses, and the P2Y11 receptor alanine‐87‐threonine (A87T) polymorphism has been suggested to affect immune‐system functions. We investigated receptor functionality of the P2Y11A87T mutant using HEK293 and 1321N1 astrocytoma cells. In HEK293 cells, the P2Y11 receptor agonist 3′‐O‐(4‐benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (BzATP) was completely inactive in evoking intracellular calcium release while the potency of ATP was reduced. ATP was also less potent in triggering cAMP generation. However, 1321N1 astrocytoma cells, which lack any endogenous P2Y1 receptors, did not display a reduction. Only when 1321N1 cells were co‐transfected with P2Y11A87T and P2Y1 receptors, the calcium responses to the P2Y11 receptor‐specific agonist BzATP were reduced. It is already known that P2Y1 and P2Y11 receptors interact. We thus conclude that the physiological impact of A87T mutation of the P2Y11 receptor derives from detrimental effects on P2Y1–P2Y11 receptor interaction. We additionally investigated alanine‐87‐serine and alanine‐87‐tyrosine P2Y11 receptor mutants. Both mutations rescue the response to BzATP in HEK293 cells, thus ruling out polarity of amino acid‐87 to be the molecular basis for altered receptor characteristics. We further found that the P2Y11A87T receptor shows complete loss of nucleotide‐induced internalization in HEK293 cells. Thus, we demonstrate impaired signaling of the P2Y11 A87T‐mutated receptors when co‐operating with P2Y1 receptors.
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The human P2Y11 nucleotide receptor plays key role in immune‐responses in brain and other tissues. We provide evidence for significant functional disturbance of the P2Y11 receptor carrying the Alanine‐87‐Threonine mutation caused by natural polymorphism. This receptor defect is apparent only when co‐expressed with P2Y1 receptors. We found reductions in ligand‐induced calcium and cAMP responses and in nucleotide‐induced receptor internalization / resensitization. Thus, prolonged nucleotide treatments are the basis for the molecular defects of the mutant receptor in diseases.
MRS glucose mapping and PET joining forces: re‐evaluation of the lumped constant in the rat brain under isoflurane anaesthesia
Authors: Alf Malte F. , Duarte João M. N. , Lei Hongxia , Krämer Stefanie D. , Mlynarik Vladimir , Schibli Roger , Gruetter Rolf 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAlthough numerous positron emission tomography (PET) studies with 18F‐fluoro‐deoxyglucose (FDG) have reported quantitative results on cerebral glucose kinetics and consumption, there is a large variation between the absolute values found in the literature. One of the underlying causes is the inconsistent use of the lumped constants (LCs), the derivation of which is often based on multiple assumptions that render absolute numbers imprecise and errors hard to quantify. We combined a kinetic FDG‐PET study with magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of glucose dynamics in Sprague–Dawley rats to obtain a more comprehensive view of brain glucose kinetics and determine a reliable value for the LC under isoflurane anaesthesia. Maps of Tmax/CMRglc derived from MRSI data and Tmax determined from PET kinetic modelling allowed to obtain an LC‐independent CMRglc. The LC was estimated to range from 0.33 ± 0.07 in retrosplenial cortex to 0.44 ± 0.05 in hippocampus, yielding CMRglc between 62 ± 14 and 54 ± 11 μmol/min/100 g, respectively. These newly determined LCs for four distinct areas in the rat brain under isoflurane anaesthesia provide means of comparing the growing amount of FDG‐PET data available from translational studies.
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The lumped constant (LC) is a correction factor employed to estimate the glucose metabolic rate (CMRglc) from the metabolic rate of a radioactive glucose analog such as 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). By combining FDG positron emission tomography (PET) with magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of glucose dynamics, we determined the FDG LC in the rat brain under isoflurane anaesthesia.
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy and variants: where we are and where we should go
Authors: Nobile‐Orazio Eduardo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a chronic and often disabling sensory motor neuropathy postulated as caused by an immune attack against peripheral nerve myelin. In addition to a classic sensory–motor polyneuropathy, other phenotypes of CIDP have been described including the Lewis‐Sumner syndrome, distal acquired demyelinating symmetric (DADS) neuropathy, pure motor CIDP, pure sensory CIDP including chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy (CISP), and focal CIDP. These phenotypes are currently considered to be variants of CIDP, even if the possibility that they represent different demyelinating neuropathies cannot be fully excluded considering differences in their response to therapy. Several data support the role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of CIDP even if the precise targets and actors (antibodies and lymphocytes) of this immune response remain uncertain. Recent studies have shown that the therapeutic response may differ in patients with peculiar clinical presentations supporting the hypothesis that different pathogenetic mechanisms may underlie the heterogeneity of CIDP. The majority of patients with CIDP show improvement after immune therapies including corticosteroids, plasma exchange, and high‐dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). It remains unclear why none of the other immune therapies that were reported to be variably effective in other immune disorders proved to be effective also in CIDP.
Distribution of sensory nerve endings around the human sinus tarsi: a cadaver study
Authors: Rein Susanne , Manthey Suzanne , Zwipp Hans , Witt Andreas 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyse the pattern of sensory nerve endings and blood vessels around the sinus tarsi. The superficial and deep parts of the fat pads at the inferior extensor retinaculum (IER) as well as the subtalar joint capsule inside the sinus tarsi from 13 cadaver feet were dissected. The distribution of the sensory nerve endings and blood vessels were analysed in the resected specimens as the number per cm2 after staining with haematoxylin‐eosin, S100 protein, low‐affinity neurotrophin receptor p75, and protein gene product 9.5 using the classification of Freeman and Wyke. Free nerve endings were the predominant sensory ending (P < 0.001). Ruffini and Golgi‐like endings were rarely found and no Pacini corpuscles were seen. Significantly more free nerve endings (P < 0.001) and blood vessels (P = 0.01) were observed in the subtalar joint capsule than in the superficial part of the fat pad at the IER. The deep part of the fat pad at the IER had significantly more blood vessels than the superficial part of the fat pad at the IER (P = 0.012). Significantly more blood vessels than free nerve endings were seen in all three groups (P < 0.001). No significant differences in distribution were seen in terms of right or left side, except for free nerve endings in the superficial part of the fat pad at the IER (P = 0.003). A greater number of free nerve endings correlated with a greater number of blood vessels. The presence of sensory nerve endings between individual fat cells supports the hypothesis that the fat pad has a proprioceptive role monitoring changes and that it is a source of pain in sinus tarsi syndrome due to the abundance of free nerve endings.
Proposal of a concept and design of a randomized phase III trial investigating the survival effect of para‐aortic lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer
Authors: Watari Hidemichi , Todo Yukiharu , Kang Sokbom , Odagiri Tetsuji , Sakuragi Noriaki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAlthough prospective studies have failed to show the therapeutic effect of lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of endometrial cancer, several retrospective studies including the SEPAL study revealed the survival effect of lymphadenectomy. To prospectively investigate the survival benefit of para‐aortic lymphadenectomy shown in the SEPAL study, we are proposing a new concept of a randomized phase III trial. An appropriate study population will be selected according to the preoperative assessments (evaluation of myometrial invasion and cervical invasion with magnetic resonance imaging, extrauterine spread with computed tomography, and histological type and grade by pathological evaluation) to estimate the risk of lymph node metastasis. Patients relevant to potential International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (2008) stage IB, II and III diseases will be eligible, and randomly assigned to two arms: pelvic lymphadenectomy alone (control), or pelvic and para‐aortic lymphadenectomy (experimental). After initial surgery, patients with postoperative pathological risk factors for recurrence will receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Because we aim to investigate the therapeutic significance of primary treatments, including surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, the primary end‐point could be recurrence‐free survival. One of the most important issues to successfully perform this prospective study is to assure the quality of lymphadenectomy (extent and area), which could be evaluated based on the number of harvested nodes and objective evaluation of dissected area by videos and/or photos.
Tailoring lymphadenectomy according to the risk of lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer
Authors: Todo Yukiharu , Watari Hidemichi , Kang Sokbom , Sakuragi Noriaki 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIt has been strongly suggested that patients with endometrial cancer with low risk of lymph node metastasis do not benefit from lymphadenectomy and that intermediate‐risk/high‐risk endometrial cancer patients benefit from complete pelvic and para‐aortic lymphadenectomy. This hypothesis needs to be validated by prospective studies. For randomized controlled trials (RCT), heterogeneity of intervention compromises internal validity and non‐participation of experienced doctors compromises external validity. As these situations easily occur in randomized surgical trials (RST) intended for high‐risk patients, the effects of complicated surgery, such as full lymphadenectomy, might be underestimated in RST. In a famous RST, data for all eligible patients implied that survival outcome for the non‐randomized group was significantly better than that for the randomized group. One plausible explanation is that physicians' judgment and experience produce better treatment decisions than do random choices. Although two RCT from European countries showed negative results of lymphadenectomy on prognosis, valuing the care of individual patients may be more important than uncritically adopting the results of RCT. In endometrial cancer, lymphadenectomy must be tailored to maximize the therapeutic effect of surgery and minimize its invasiveness and adverse effects. Two strategies are: (i) to remove lymph nodes most likely to harbor disease while sparing lymph nodes that are unlikely to be affected; and (ii) to perform full lymphadenectomies only on patients who can potentially benefit from them. Here, we focus on the second strategy. Preoperative risk assessments used in Japan and Korea to select low‐risk patients who would not benefit from lymphadenectomy are discussed.
Annual report of Gynecologic Oncology Committee, Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2013
Authors: Aoki Daisuke 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWe present the Patient Annual Report in 2011 and the Treatment Annual Report in 2005 that were collected and analyzed by the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Data on 15 698 patients with cervical cancer, 7713 with endometrial cancer and 4672 with ovarian cancer in whom treatment was started in 2011 and data on the prognosis of 2985 patients with cervical cancer, 2812 with endometrial cancer, and 1839 with ovarian cancer who were started on treatment in 2005 were analyzed and summarized. Patient Annual Report in 2011: Stage 0 accounted for 58%, stage I for 24%, stage II for 9%, stage III for 5%, and stage IV for 4% of all the patients with cervical cancer. Stage 0 accounted for 6%, stage I for 61%, stage II for 8%, stage III for 18%, and stage IV for 7% of patients with endometrial cancer. Stage I accounted for 43%, stage II for 9%, stage III for 29%, and stage IV for 8% of patients with ovarian cancer. Treatment Annual Report in 2005: The 5‐year overall survival rates of patients with cervical cancer were 91% in stage I, 78% in stage II, 57% in stage III, and 30% in stage IV. The 5‐year overall survival rates of patients with endometrial cancer were 95% in stage I, 89% in stage II, 77% in stage III, and 23% in stage IV. The 5‐year overall survival rates of patients with ovarian surface epithelial‐stromal tumors were 92% in stage I, 75% in stage II, 50% in stage III and 39% in stage IV.
The wisdom of letting go and performance: The moderating role of emotional intelligence and discrete emotions
Authors: Gooty Janaki , Gavin Mark B. , Ashkanasy Neal M. , Thomas Jane S. 
Published: January 2014

Drawing upon cognitive appraisal theory and affective events theory, we develop and test a model of discrete emotions, coping, and performance that contains both within‐ and between‐person components. We argue that when employees feel angry, guilty, joyous, or proud at work, those with higher levels of ability‐based emotional intelligence will turn to emotion‐focused coping as a means to deal with the immediate aftermath of the emotion. This form of coping requires the least amount of cognitive resources and facilitates performance by helping individuals to meet their task demands. Random coefficient modelling findings from daily diary data collected in a law enforcement setting support our proposed ideas concerning the interactive effects of emotions and emotional intelligence on coping, as well as the effects of coping on task performance.Practitioner pointsThe findings from this study conducted in a law enforcement setting suggest that coping strategies such as venting, denial, and disengagement might be adaptive for short‐term performance.Organizations could manage employee emotions via awareness of appropriate coping responses and selecting higherABEIindividuals for jobs that involve emotions on a routine basis.
Neurobiological Processes of Risk and Resilience in Adolescence: Implications for Policy and Prevention Science
Authors: Busso Daniel S. 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the concepts of risk and resilience and their potential to inform clinical interventions, school‐based prevention programs, and social policies. Research suggests that childhood adversity can trigger a cascade of psychological and neurobiological events that can lead to mental disorders in later life. Yet little is known about how these processes manifest in adolescence, a developmental window that is typically associated with an elevated risk for psychopathology and represents a period of neurological growth and reorganization that is second only to early childhood. A better understanding of adolescent brain development may provide an empirical grounding to improve the focus and timing of interventions, particularly those that target self‐regulation, meta‐cognition, and social supports. Finally, opportunities and challenges that emerge when bridging neuroscience and prevention science are discussed.
Food Choice Is Multifaceted, Contextual, Dynamic, Multilevel, Integrated, and Diverse
Authors: Sobal Jeffery , Bisogni Carole A. , Jastran Margaret 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTEating is broadly conceptualized as food choice. Food choice is a complex activity with many dimensions. Food choice is multifaceted as it involves whether, where, when, how long, how, why, with whom, for whom, and under what conditions eating occurs. Food choice is contextual as it is situated within specific conditions and settings involving both individuals and institutions. Food choice is dynamic as it unfolds and is embedded in eating episodes over lifetimes within historical eras. Food choice is multilevel as physical, biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors operate simultaneously and interact. Food choice is integrated as people coordinate many considerations to construct specific eating activities. Food choice is diverse in its broad scope of distinct and unique eating activities. Food choice can be examined using both multi‐perspective and multi‐purpose approaches, and it may not be possible to integrate different perspectives into a unified approach to understanding and changing food choice.