bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The birth and death of a diagnosis: monomania in France, Britain and in Ireland
Authors: Walsh Dermot 
Published: January 2014

ObjectiveThe purpose of this paper is to trace the origins and decline of the diagnostic entity monomania, which became prevalent in the early 19th century and to investigate its use in Irish psychiatry.MethodThe French psychiatric scientific writings of the early 19th century have been surveyed to identify and describe the clinical entity of monomania. The clinical description of monomania has been investigated and its cultural diffusion through literature and the arts has been reviewed. The increase in its use as a diagnosis and its ultimate decline has been documented in France, Britain and Ireland. The clinical characteristics leading to the diagnosis in Ireland have been investigated through the clinical symptoms recorded in patients accorded this diagnosis in the 19th century case books and committal documentation of the Richmond District Asylum and case books of the Central Mental Hospital.FindingsThe diagnostic entity of monomania first emerged in France in the 1820s and had disappeared from use in the hospitals of Paris by 1870. It first appeared in Ireland in the patients’ admission register of the Richmond District Asylum in 1833 and increased substantially before decreasing just as markedly with the last patient, given the diagnosis on admission being in 1878. However, the diagnosis of monomania was applied to admissions to the Central Mental Hospital as late as 1891. The Irish asylum case books have been of limited value in elucidating the clinical and symptomatological presentations leading to its use by 19th century Irish psychiatrists.ConclusionsMonomania, although enjoying a scientific and cultural success in France, both within and without psychiatric circles, was a tenuous clinical entity with an ill-defined and uncertain core and fragile boundaries, both in France and more particularly in Ireland. In pure form, rarely described, its closest modern equivalent would have been delusional disorder, but case descriptions only occasionally correspond to this concept as it is understood today. Its popularity dating from around 1830 declined and by the 1870s it was in terminal decline. The factors delineating its rise and fall are unclear.
A re-analysis of the supposed role of lead poisoning in Sir John Franklin's last expedition, 1845–1848
Authors: Millar Keith , Bowman Adrian W. , Battersby William 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe ‘Franklin expedition’ of 1845 set out to establish a ‘northwest passage’ between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans but ended with the deaths of all 129 crewmen in the grimmest of circumstances. The hypothesis that lead poisoning may have contributed to the disaster is examined by re-analysis of the bone-lead content of seven skeletons in order to model statistically the likely variation in lead burden across the whole crew. Comparison of the estimated lead burdens with present-day data that associates lead with cognitive and physical morbidity suggests that a proportion of the crew may have experienced few or no adverse effects whilst those with higher burdens may have suffered some significant debility. It is unclear whether such debility would have been incapacitating or exceptional for the lead-contaminated environment of nineteenth-century Britain. Whilst lead alone may not have caused the disaster, it is proposed that high levels of lead may have interacted with other factors including dietary insufficiencies and individual constitutional differences to render some, but not all, of the crew more vulnerable to debility in the final throes of the expedition.
Elasticity of care networks and the gendered division of care
Authors: KRUIJSWIJK WILCO , DA ROIT BARBARA , HOOGENBOOM MARCEL 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTThe gender gap in family care-giving is an established research finding: men dedicate less time to care-giving and provide specific gendered types of help. This article argues that in order to grasp men's contribution to care arrangements one should recognise the multifaceted nature of care and examine care networks beyond the ‘care receiver–primary care-giver’ dyad with a dynamic perspective. A qualitative analysis of the care networks of three large Dutch families with an older parent in need of care confirms the greater involvement of women in care-giving and men's tendency to provide specific types of care. However, men also contribute to the elasticity and stability of the care arrangement by filling temporary gaps and supporting the female care-givers. This article puts forward the idea that men's contribution is in turn a factor in the perpetuation of the gendered structure of care-giving.
Introduction to Crumbling Cultures: Deindustrialization, Class, and Memory
Authors: Strangleman Tim , Rhodes James , Linkon Sherry 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIn this introductory essay we review key themes in the scholarly literature on deindustrialization over the last twenty-five to thirty years. While the term deindustrialization has been in use since the early 1980s, more careful attention needs to be brought to bear on the cultural significance of industrial change over time, including on how individuals and communities reinterpret deindustrialization through the lens of memory. This essay highlights contributions that reflect multiple disciplines and approaches, including interdisciplinary work. We also argue that cultural representations such as photography, literature, the media, and personal narratives offer especially useful insights into the continuing significance of deindustrialization, giving us access to the ways people are drawing on and constructing their memories of industrial work and of the process of deindustrialization itself. This essay and the wider special issue suggest that taking a long view—from the perspective of more than two decades after major shutdowns—and examining documentary, personal, and creative representations provides important insights into the meanings and consequences of the experience of deindustrialization for individuals, communities, and nations.
Narrating Past and Future: Deindustrialized Landscapes as Resources
Authors: Linkon Sherry Lee 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA growing body of contemporary American literature, “deindustrialization literature,” most of it by writers who grew up after major plant closings, is set in former industrial areas, such as Detroit and Youngstown. These texts focus on the lives and perspectives of those who have inherited the physical, economic, and cultural landscapes of the rust belt. For these writers and their characters, the past is always an important part of the present. The deindustrialized landscape provides not only the setting but also significant plot elements, themes, and symbols through which these writers narrate stories about young adults wrestling with their identities, affiliations, and opportunities during a period of economic decline and social change. These narratives complicate the relationship between past and present through characters' observations of and interactions in the deindustrialized landscape. With a complex, ambivalent perspective, they suggest the possibility of revival for both communities and individuals. A novel and works of creative non-fiction by Youngstown's Christopher Barzak and the short stories of Detroit's Michael Zadoorian illustrate how representations of abandoned mills and decaying commercial and residential sites can reveal the complex and persistent significance of deindustrialization, decades after closings began, while also pointing toward a future that uses the past as a resource.
Low Wages and No Dignity: Russian Workers Reflect on the Stark Post-Soviet Choices in Blue-Collar Employment
Authors: Morris Jeremy 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis Tale from the Field focuses on the interpretation by workers of the precarious nature of blue-collar formal employment in Russia. In an ethnographic sketch based on over two years in the field, I follow an individual, Sergei, as he relies more and more on informal and other sources of income instead of waged labour in the increasing number of multi-national enterprises which have come to Russia to set up factories. Why does Sergei, and many like him, still young or without memory of Soviet labour practices, ‘choose’ exit from the formal economy at the very moment when wages and conditions are finally increasing? Why is the informal economy as a ‘choice’ so important to blue-collar workers despite the hunger for labour in traditional production industry?
Global Labor History: Promising Challenges
Authors: van der Linden Marcel 
Published: January 2014

AbstractMy essay “The Promise and Challenges of Global Labor History” in issue 82 (Fall 2012) received commentaries from five colleagues. In this reply I focus on seven central issues: the ambiguities of commodification; the contested notion of “capitalism”; the concept of class; household labor; the need for comparative approaches; the newness of Global Labor History; and its prospects in the coming years.
Outbreaks of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliinfection: USA
Authors: LUNA-GIERKE R. E. , GRIFFIN P. M. , GOULD L. H. , HERMAN K. , BOPP C. A. , STROCKBINE N. , MODY R. K. 
Published: January 2014

SUMMARYNon-O157 Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) infections are increasingly detected, but sources are not well established. We summarize outbreaks to 2010 in the USA. Single-aetiology outbreaks were defined as ⩾2 epidemiologically linked culture-confirmed non-O157 STEC infections; multiple-aetiology outbreaks also had laboratory evidence of ⩾2 infections caused by another enteric pathogen. Twenty-six states reported 46 outbreaks with 1727 illnesses and 144 hospitalizations. Of 38 single-aetiology outbreaks, 66% were caused by STEC O111 (n = 14) or O26 (n = 11), and 84% were transmitted through food (n = 17) or person-to-person spread (n = 15); food vehicles included dairy products, produce, and meats; childcare centres were the most common setting for person-to-person spread. Of single-aetiology outbreaks, a greater percentage of persons infected by Shiga toxin 2-positive strains had haemolytic uraemic syndrome compared with persons infected by Shiga toxin 1-only positive strains (7%vs.0·8%). Compared with single-aetiology outbreaks, multiple-aetiology outbreaks were more frequently transmitted through water or animal contact.
Atrial shunts: presentation, investigation, and management, including recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Zvaigzne Cheryl G. , Howarth Andrew G. , Patton David J. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAtrial shunts are a common finding in both paediatric and adult populations. Recent developments in advanced imaging have widened the options for diagnosis and evaluation of such shunts. This paper reviews the various types of interatrial communications, discusses the features of clinical presentation in adults and children, and provides an overview of the clinical assessment including physical examination, electrocardiography, echocardiography, cardiac catheterisation, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Focus will be placed on recent developments in magnetic resonance imaging that may improve the non-invasive evaluation of atrial shunts.
Energy drinks and other dietary supplement use among adolescents attending secondary schools in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Babwah Terence J , Maharaj Rohan G , Nunes Paula 
Published: January 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to determine the knowledge and practices among Trinidad and Tobago school-attending adolescents towards energy drinks (ED), alcohol combined with energy drinks (AwED), weight-altering supplements (WAS) and vitamin/mineral supplements (VMS) and their experience of adverse effects associated with such use.DesignA cross-sectional, proportionate, stratified sampling strategy was adopted using a self-administered, de novo questionnaire.SettingSecondary schools throughout Trinidad and Tobago.SubjectsStudents aged 15–19 years.ResultsFive hundred and sixty-one students participated, an 84 % response rate; 43·0 % were male, 40·5 % East Indian and 34·1 % mixed race. VMS, ED, WAS and anabolic steroids were used by 52·4 %, 44·0 %, 8·9 % and 1·4 % of students, respectively, with 51·6 % of ED users using AwED. Predictors of use of AwED were males and students who played sport for their school (OR = 1·9; 95 % CI 1·2, 3·2 and OR = 2·6; 95 % CI 1·4, 4·7, respectively). Predictors of ED use were males and attendees of government secondary schools (OR = 1·7; 95 % CI 1·1, 2·4 and OR = 1·7; 95 % CI 1·2, 2·4, respectively). Side-effects, mainly palpitations, headaches and sleep disturbances, were reported in 20·7 % of dietary supplement users.ConclusionsMany adolescent students in Trinidad and Tobago use dietary supplements, including ED and AwED, and about one-fifth of users experience side-effects. Identification of students at risk for ED, AwED and WAS use and education of students about the dangers of using dietary supplements need to be instituted to prevent potential adverse events.
Multiscale 3D Virtual Dissections of 100-Million-Year-Old Flowers Using X-Ray Synchrotron Micro- and Nanotomography
Authors: Moreau Jean-David , Cloetens Peter , Gomez Bernard , Daviero-Gomez Véronique , Néraudeau Didier , Lafford Tamzin A. , Tafforeau Paul 
Published: January 2014

AbstractA multiscale approach combining phase-contrast X-ray micro- and nanotomography is applied for imaging a Cretaceous fossil inflorescence in the resolution range from 0.75 μm to 50 nm. The wide range of scale views provides three-dimensional reconstructions from the external gross morphology of the inflorescence fragment to the finest exine sculptures of in situ pollen. This approach enables most of the characteristics usually observed under light microscopy, or with low magnification under scanning and transmission electron microscopy, to be obtained nondestructively. In contrast to previous tomography studies of fossil and extant flowers that used resolutions down to the micron range, we used voxels with a 50 nm side in local tomography scans. This high level of resolution enables systematic affinities of fossil flowers to be established without breaking or slicing specimens.
Disstress in der Chirurgie – Eine Untersuchung in deutschen Krankenhäusern
Authors: Bauer J. , Groneberg D. 
Published: January 2014

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Stress am Arbeitsplatz mit negativen Auswirkungen auf die Gesundheit (Disstress) ist gerade im Fachgebiet der Chirurgie weit verbreitet. Deswegen spielen die subjektiv wahrgenommenen Arbeitsbedingungen der Ärztinnen und Ärzte in der Chirurgie eine erhebliche Rolle für die eigene Gesundheit und die Gesundheit der Patienten. Wie die Arbeitsbedingungen im Fachgebiet der Chirurgie konkret wahrgenommen werden, soll durch die vorliegende Studie geklärt werden.
Material und Methoden Diese webbasierte Studie, an der 1142 Ärzte und Ärztinnen der Chirurgie teilnahmen, stützt sich methodisch auf das Effort-Reward-Imbalance (ERI) Modell von Siegrist und das Job-Demand-Control Modell von Karasek. Der für diese Studie auf Basis der beiden Modelle konzipierte Fragebogen besteht aus Items zweier validierter und etablierter Fragebögen. Dadurch lässt sich eine Aussage über die Berufszufriedenheit und Disstress-Prävalenz im Fachgebiet der Chirurgie treffen.
Ergebnisse In dieser Studie gaben 58,2% (95%-KI: 55,6 – 61,5) der Befragten ungünstige Arbeitsbedingungen in Form von Disstress (ER/JDC-Ratio > 1) an. Gleichzeitig war mit 52,2% (95%-KI: 49,3 – 55,1) ungefähr die Hälfte der Befragten sehr zufrieden mit ihrem Beruf. Bei Ärztinnen lag die Disstress-Prävalenz um 6 Prozentpunkte höher (95%-KI: 0,1 – 12,0) bei 62,4% und war damit signifikant höher als bei Ärzten (OR: 1,29; 95%-KI: 1,01 – 1,65; p < 0,05). In Betrachtung der in dieser Studie untersuchten 4 funktionalen Stellungen im Krankenhaus wiesen Chefärzte/-ärztinnen mit 22,0% die niedrigste Disstress-Prävalenz auf. Die höchste Disstress-Prävalenz wiesen Fachärzte mit 66,7% auf (OR: 7,11; 95%-KI: 3,26 – 15,48; p < 0,001). Weiterhin gaben 43,4% der befragten Fachärzte/-ärztinnen an, sehr zufrieden mit ihrem Beruf zu sein. Bei Oberärzten/-ärztinnen gaben dies 61,5% an (OR: 2,08; 95%-KI: 1,52 – 2,84; p < 0,001).
Schlussfolgerungen Die dargestellten Daten unterstreichen ein hohes Stresspotenzial des Fachgebiets der Chirurgie in Bezug auf die Arbeitsbedingungen. Im Hinblick auf das Potenzial und Personal, welches durch eine Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen im Fachgebiet der Chirurgie in den Kliniken gehalten werden könnte, sollte auf ein Gleichgewicht entsprechend des ERI/JDC-Modells geachtet werden.
Persistence of social signatures in human communication
Authors: Saramäki Jari , Leicht E. A. , López Eduardo , Roberts Sam G. B. , Reed-Tsochas Felix , Dunbar Robin I. M. 
Published: January 2014

Significance
We combine cell phone data with survey responses to show that a person’s social signature, as we call the pattern of their interactions with different friends and family members, is remarkably robust. People focus a high proportion of their communication efforts on a small number of individuals, and this behavior persists even when there are changes in the identity of the individuals involved. Although social signatures vary between individuals, a given individual appears to retain a specific social signature over time. Our results are likely to reflect limitations in the ability of humans to maintain many emotionally close relationships, both because of limited time and because the emotional “capital” that individuals can allocate between family members and friends is finite.
Resonant secondary light emission from plasmonic Au nanostructures at high electron temperatures created by pulsed-laser excitation
Authors: Huang Jingyu , Wang Wei , Murphy Catherine J. , Cahill David G. 
Published: January 2014

SignificanceLight emission from plasmonic nanostructures at wavelengths shorter than the wavelength of pulsed-laser excitation is typically described as two-photon absorption followed by fluorescence. In this work, we present an alternate description of the secondary light emission as a resonant electronic Raman scattering process. Experiments on aqueous suspensions of Au nanorods are quantitatively described by a two-temperature model. The results will facilitate the design of imaging experiments and understanding of background in surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
Mismatch repair protein hMSH2–hMSH6 recognizes mismatches and forms sliding clamps within a D-loop recombination intermediate
Authors: Honda Masayoshi , Okuno Yusuke , Hengel Sarah R. , Martín-López Juana V. , Cook Christopher P. , Amunugama Ravindra , Soukup Randal J. , Subramanyam Shyamal , Fishel Richard , Spies Maria 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Recombination between divergent DNA sequences (homeologous recombination) is generally suppressed to preserve cellular genetic integrity and to ultimately introduce genetic barriers between species. Decades of genetic and cell biology studies have identified the involvement of the mismatch repair (MMR) machinery in the quality control of homologous recombination. However, the molecular mechanism by which this remarkable control is achieved is unknown. Here, we report the biophysical reconstitution and analysis of the early steps in the rejection of divergent DNA sequences by the MMR machinery during recombination initiation. We have determined that the first responder of MMR, human MutS-homolog hMSH2–hMSH6, efficiently recognizes mismatches within a D-loop recombination initiation intermediate, even in the presence of recombination initiation proteins HsRAD51 and human replication protein A (HsRPA).
Biological clockwork underlying adaptive rhythmic movements
Authors: Iwasaki Tetsuya , Chen Jun , Friesen W. Otto 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Animals can adapt the frequency and shape of their oscillatory body movements during locomotion in response to changes in the environment. Although central pattern generators (CPGs) are known to be the basic neuronal circuits responsible for generation of rhythmic movements, no conclusive evidence has so far been found to attribute adaptive behaviors solely to the function of CPGs. We have found a blueprint of a design by nature in terms of mathematical equations. Experimental and computational studies presented in this article demonstrate that CPGs are indeed capable of adapting oscillations to the environment through sensory feedback, but without detailed guidance from the brain.
UCP2 transports C4 metabolites out of mitochondria, regulating glucose and glutamine oxidation
Authors: Vozza Angelo , Parisi Giovanni , De Leonardis Francesco , Lasorsa Francesco M. , Castegna Alessandra , Amorese Daniela , Marmo Raffaele , Calcagnile Valeria M. , Palmieri Luigi , Ricquier Daniel , Paradies Eleonora , Scarcia Pasquale , Palmieri Ferdinando , Bouillaud Frédéric , Fiermonte Giuseppe 
Published: January 2014

Significance
Mitochondrial carriers constitute a large family of transport proteins that play important roles in the intracellular translocation of metabolites, nucleotides, and coenzymes. Despite considerable research efforts, the biochemical function of Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), a member of the mitochondrial carrier family reported to be involved in numerous pathologies, is still elusive. Here we show that UCP2 catalyzes an exchange of malate, oxaloacetate, and aspartate for phosphate, and that it exports C4 metabolites from mitochondria to the cytosol in vivo. Our findings also provide evidence that UCP2 activity limits mitochondrial oxidation of glucose and enhances glutaminolysis. These results provide a unique regulatory mechanism in cell bioenergetics and explain the significance of UCP2 levels in metabolic reprogramming occurring under various physiopathological conditions.
Probing nanoparticle translocation across the permeable endothelium in experimental atherosclerosis
Authors: Kim YongTae , Lobatto Mark E. , Kawahara Tomohiro , Lee Chung Bomy , Mieszawska Aneta J. , Sanchez-Gaytan Brenda L. , Fay Francois , Senders Max L. , Calcagno Claudia , Becraft Jacob , Tun Saung May , Gordon Ronald E. , Stroes Erik S. G. , Ma Mingming , Farokhzad Omid C. , Fayad Zahi A. , Mulder Willem J. M. , Langer Robert 
Published: January 2014

Significance
This study shows that an endothelialized microfluidic chip with controllable permeability can serve as a model for nanoparticle translocation across the permeable endothelium. Integration of this in vitro model and an in vivo rabbit model revealed that the extravasation of nanoparticles across the endothelium in atherosclerotic plaques depends on microvascular permeability. This approach represents a unique method for the assessment of nanoparticle behavior across the atherosclerotic endothelium, and may also serve as a valuable tool to study nanomedicine accumulation in a variety of other diseases.
Preclinical efficacy of growth hormone-releasing hormone antagonists for androgen-dependent and castration-resistant human prostate cancer
Authors: Fahrenholtz Cale D. , Rick Ferenc G. , Garcia Maria I. , Zarandi Marta , Cai Ren-Zhi , Block Norman L. , Schally Andrew V. , Burnstein Kerry L. 
Published: January 2014

SignificanceTherapeutic options for recurrent castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) are limited and more effective treatment regimens are needed. Antagonists of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) inhibit growth of experimental models of human cancer cells, including prostate cancer, by suppressing the actions of tumoral growth factors, particularly GHRH itself, which is an autocrine/paracrine growth factor in many tumors. Here we investigated the antitumor effects of the latest series of highly potent GHRH antagonists—MIA-602, MIA-606, and MIA-690—on androgen-dependent as well as CRPC lines expressing receptors for GHRH. MIA-602 inhibited in vivo growth of both androgen-dependent and CRPCs and decreased cell proliferation in vitro. This study provides evidence of the preclinical efficacy of GHRH antagonist MIA-602 in the treatment of human prostate cancer.