bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Platinum‐Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization Reaction to Multiply Substituted Indolines under Microwave‐Assisted Conditions
Authors: Ma Can‐Liang , Yu Xiao‐Long , Zhu Xiao‐Long , Hu Yong‐Zhou , Dong Xiao‐Wu , Tan Bin , Liu Xin‐Yuan 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA convenient platinum‐catalyzed tandem cyclization reaction from readily available aminoalkynes and enones has been developed to efficiently prepare multiply substituted indolines in good yields under microwave irradiation within a short reaction time. This efficient reaction is presumed to proceed via a tandem process involving intramolecular hydroamination of aminoalkynes, Michael addition of enones, aldol condensation and intermolecular transfer hydrogenation.magnified image
Is leg length a biomarker of early life conditions? Evidence from a historically short population
Authors: Sohn Kitae 
Published: January 2015

ObjectivesWhile one group (Positive Group) has argued that leg length is a more accurate biomarker of early life conditions than height, another group (Negative Group) has challenged this argument. Analyzing Indonesian data, we attempt to reconcile these contrasting arguments.MethodsThe sample consists of 4,193 men and 4,684 women, aged 40–70. We regress leg length, trunk length, and height each on education (a proxy for early life conditions), age, and ethnicity. We also adjust for hip size and shrinkage.ResultsThe relationship is statistically significant for leg length, which is generally consistent with the assertion of the Positive Group. However, the relationship is smaller than that for height, which is generally consistent with that of the Negative Group. Specifically, an additional year of schooling is associated with a 0.080 cm longer leg length for men and 0.078 cm for women. The corresponding figures for height are 0.260 cm and 0.201 cm. This remains true when the magnitude of the relationship is compared with the mean length.ConclusionsSmall sample sizes appear to drive the Negative Group's finding that leg length is not statistically significantly related to early life conditions. However, the magnitude of the relationship confirms the Negative Group's argument that leg length is not a more accurate biomarker of early life conditions than height. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:538–545, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Struktur und Mechanismus einer Aspartimid‐abhängigen Peptidligase in humanem Legumain
Authors: Dall Elfriede , Fegg Julia C. , Briza Peter , Brandstetter Hans 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPeptidligasen erweitern das genetisch kodierte Repertoire der Proteinstrukturen und ‐funktionen. Unter Verbrauch von ATP oder NTP knüpfen diese Ligasen nicht‐kanonische Peptidbindungen. Hier beschreiben wir die Entdeckung einer konzeptuell neuen Ligaseaktivität im humanen Legumain (AEP). Legumain ist eine Cysteinprotease, die eine wichtige Rolle für die Immunabwehr und im Tumorgeschehen spielt. Diese Aufgaben wurden bis dato ihrer gut charakterisierten Proteaseaktivität zugeschrieben. Völlig unerwartet erweist sich der der Ligaseaktivität zugrunde liegende Mechanismus unabhängig vom katalytischen Cystein. Stattdessen wird bei der Ligation die Umwandlung eines energiereichen, metastabilen Aspartimids zu Aspartat als endogenes Energiereservoir genutzt. Während die Proteasefunktion bei saurem pH dominiert, zeigt die Ligase bei neutralem pH ihr Aktivitätsoptimum. Diese pH‐Abhängigkeit der beiden gegensätzlichen Aktivitäten legt nahe, dass die Lokalisierung des Enzyms über seine Funktion bestimmt. Relevant wird diese duale Wirkungsweise beispielsweise beim reversiblen Ein‐/Ausschalten von Inhibitoren der Cystatin‐Familie, bei der (In‐)Aktivierung von Enzymen, wie auch bei der Generierung von 3D‐Epitopen für die Beladung von MHCII‐Rezeptoren. Zudem stellt das hier verwendete Aspartat‐Aspartimid(Succinimid)‐Paar eine neue Möglichkeit dar, endergonische Reaktionen in ATP‐armen Umgebungen durch Kupplung zu realisieren.
Struktur und Mechanismus des Heterokomplexes der caseinolytischen Protease ClpP1/2 aus Listeria monocytogenes
Authors: Dahmen Maria , Vielberg Marie‐Theres , Groll Michael , Sieber Stephan A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEine Infektion mit dem Human‐Pathogen Listeria monocytogenes kann zu schwerwiegenden Infektionen mit teilweise tödlichem Ausgang führen. Die Virulenz und intrazelluläre Stresstoleranz des Bakteriums wird von der caseinolytischen Protease P (ClpP), einem Enzym, das in Bakterien hoch konserviert ist, reguliert. L. monocytogenes bildet zwei ClpP‐Isoformen, die auf sequentieller Ebene nur entfernt miteinander verwandt sind und sich in Katalyse, Oligomerisierungszustand, Zusammensetzung ihrer aktiven Zentren und den am N‐Terminus lokalisierten Bindungsstellen für die interagierenden AAA+‐Chaperone unterscheiden. In dieser Arbeit haben wir die Kristallstruktur des ClpP1/2‐Heterokomplexes aus L. monocytogenes gelöst und gewähren in Verbindung mit biochemischen Studien Einblicke in dessen Wirkmechanismus. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die strukturelle Verzahnung von LmClpP1 und LmClpP2 die Bildung eines Heterotetradekamers, Ausrichtung aller 14 aktiven Zentren und eine Steigerung der proteolytischen Aktivität bewirkt. Die katalytischen Zentren wurden zudem als für die transiente Stabilität des Komplexes verantwortlich identifiziert.
Noncanonical Amino Acids to Improve the pH Response of pHLIP Insertion at Tumor Acidity
Authors: Onyango Joab O. , Chung Michael S. , Eng Chee‐Huat , Klees Lukas M. , Langenbacher Rachel , Yao Lan , An Ming 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe pH low insertion peptide (pHLIP) offers the potential to deliver drugs selectively to the cytoplasm of cancer cells based on tumor acidosis. The WT pHLIP inserts into membranes with a pH50 of 6.1, while most solid tumors have extracellular pH (pHe) of 6.5–7.0. To close this gap, a SAR study was carried out to search for pHLIP variants with improved pH response. Replacing Asp25 with α‐aminoadipic acid (Aad) adjusts the pH50 to 6.74, matching average tumor acidity, and replacing Asp14 with γ‐carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) increases the sharpness of pH response (transition over 0.5 instead of 1 pH unit). These effects are additive: the Asp14Gla/Asp25Aad double variant shows a pH50 of 6.79, with sharper transition than Asp25Aad. Furthermore, the advantage of the double variant over WT pHLIP in terms of cargo delivery was demonstrated in turn‐on fluorescence assays and anti‐proliferation studies (using paclitaxel as cargo) in A549 lung cancer cells at pH 6.6.
A Scalable Biomimetic Synthesis of Resveratrol Dimers and Systematic Evaluation of their Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Matsuura Bryan S. , Keylor Mitchell H. , Li Bo , Lin YuXuan , Allison Shelby , Pratt Derek A. , Stephenson Corey R. J. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAn efficient synthetic route to the resveratrol oligomers quadrangularin A and pallidol is reported. It features a scalable biomimetic oxidative dimerization that proceeds in excellent yield and with complete regioselectivity. A systematic evaluation of the natural products and their synthetic precursors as radical‐trapping antioxidants has revealed that, contrary to popular belief, this mode of action is unlikely to account for their observed biological activity.
Oligomeric Hydrogels Self‐Assembled from Reduction‐Controlled Condensation
Authors: Liu Shuang , Tang Anming , Xie Maolin , Zhao Yundan , Jiang Jun , Liang Gaolin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPolymer hydrogels and small‐molecule‐based (SMB) supramolecular hydrogels have been widely explored. But oligomeric hydrogels have remained a challenge because synthetic difficulties of the oligomers and control of their amphiphilicities. Reported herein is the rational design of two precursors Cys(SEt)‐Lys‐CBT (1) and (Cys‐Lys‐CBT)2 (2) (CBT=2‐cyano‐6‐aminobenzothiazole) and the use of a biocompatible condensation to prepare oligomeric hydrogels. Glutathione reduction of 1 or 2 yields the same gelator Cys‐Lys‐CBT (3) which condenses with each other to yield amphiphilic cyclic oligomers. The oligomers instantly self‐assemble into nanofibers and form oligomeric hydrogels with similar mechanic properties. Chemical analyses indicated that the major condensation product in both two hydrogels is a cyclic dimer. Considering its biocompatibility, optimal mechanical strength, and biodegradability, we believe that our oligomeric hydrogel might be useful for long‐term drug delivery in the future.
Effect of borax on the thermal and mechanical properties of ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer rubber‐based heat insulator
Authors: Farajpour Tohid , Bayat Yadollah , Abdollahi Mahdi , Keshavarz Mohammad Hossein 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTThe effect of Borax on the mechanical and ablation properties of three different ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer (EPDM) compounds containing 20 phr carbon fiber, 20 phr Kevlar or 10 phr/ 10 phr carbon fiber/ Kevlar was investigated. All formulations contained 30 phr fumed silica powder and 10 phr paraffinic oil. It was found that adding Borax to the composite samples containing carbon fiber or Kevlar fiber or their mixture with an equal ratio can increase the tensile strength, elastic modulus and hardness with a slightly decrease in the elongation at break of the rubber samples. The results of thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) on the various samples showed significant increase in the char yield at 670°C by adding Borax to the rubber compounds. Moreover, ablation resistance of samples was also improved by increasing Borax content. Meanwhile, density and thermal conductivity of the insulator were also reduced up to about 10% when the carbon fiber was replaced with the Borax. The results indicated that composites containing Kevlar have high storage modulus and produce compact and stable char. EPDM rubber composite containing Borax (20 phr), carbon fiber (10 phr), and Kevlar (10 phr) showed thermal and ablative properties comparable with those of the asbestos‐ filled EPDM. The thermal conductivity and ablation rate of the above‐ mentioned sample were 0.287 W/m/K and 0.13 mm/s respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2015,132, 41936.
Imidazole/(HPO3)3‐doped sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) composite membrane for fuel cells
Authors: Liu Shaoying , Liu Yingying , Sang Shangbin , Zhong Wenjie , Wu Qiumei 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTA novel gel of imidazole/(HPO3)3 was synthesized and incorporated into sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) to fabricate composite proton exchange membranes. The composite membranes were characterized by alternating current impedance (AC), thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mechanical property test. Based on the electrochemical performance investigation, the proton conductivity of the membrane is intimately correlated with the temperature and the mass ratio of imidazole/(HPO3)3 in the composite. The SPEEK/imidazole/(HPO3)3−4 composite membrane (with 44.4 wt % of imidazole/(HPO3)3) has the optimized performance at 135°C. Mover, the strength of the composite membranes is almost comparable to that of Nafion membrane. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41946.
Conditional Cash Transfer in the Philippines: How to Overcome Institutional Constraints for Implementing Social Protection
Authors: Kim Eunju , Yoo Jayoung 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThis article explores how global social policy can be implemented in the local context by examining the policy process undertaken for the conditional cash transfer program (CCT) in the Philippines. It first takes into consideration how they select CCT as flagship social protection program. It, furthermore, takes an in‐depth look at the policy implementation process to find out how the Philippines overcomes institutional constraints where clientelism is prevalent and administrative capacity is inadequate. It shows that CCT could be implemented by centralising targeting and delivery system, investing financial resources with political commitment of national government, and rearranging responsible department based upon inter‐ministerial cooperation. Even though administrative set‐up has been singled out as the principal obstacle hindering necessary policy change in developing countries, this article maintains that the administrative capability can be enhanced in the process of implementing social protection programs.
Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin Using a Colorectal Cancer‐Specific ssDNA Aptamer
Authors: Li Wanming , Chen Hang , Yu Min , Fang Jin 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTTargeted drug delivery is particularly important in cancer treatment because many antitumor drugs are nonspecific and highly toxic to both cancerous and normal cells. The L33 aptamer is a single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) sequence that has the ability to recognize human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line HCT116 specifically. In this study, we demonstrated that the L33 aptamer can selectively internalize into target HCT116 cells via receptor‐mediated endocytosis. Based on this finding, we developed an aptamer‐based drug delivery system using L33 as the carrier of the antitumor drug doxorubicin (Dox). The L33‐Dox complex exhibited specific and high affinity (Kd = 14.3 ± 2.2 nM) binding to HCT116 cells. The results of cytotoxicity assays revealed that the L33‐Dox complex was capable of selectively delivering the drug to the target HCT116 cells and lowered the toxicity for nontarget CL187 cells. These findings indicate that the aptamer‐based targeted drug delivery system has the potential to be used in clinical settings and may overcome drug resistance to a certain extent because high drug dosages can be directed toward target cells. Anat Rec, 297:2280–2288, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Charge Transfer Induces Formation of Stimuli‐Responsive, Chiral, Cohesive Vesicles‐on‐a‐String that Eventually Turn into a Hydrogel
Authors: Bhattacharjee Subham , Bhattacharya Santanu 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA charge transfer (CT) mediated two‐component, multistimuli responsive supergelation involving a L‐histidine‐appended pyrenyl derivative (PyHisOMe) as a donor and an asymmetric bolaamphiphilic naphthalene‐diimide (Asym‐NDI) derivative as an acceptor in a 2:1 mixture of H2O/MeOH was investigated. Asym‐NDI alone self‐assembled into pH‐responsive vesicular nanostructures in water. Excellent selectivity in CT gel formation was achieved in terms of choosing amino acid appended pyrenyl donor scaffolds. Circular dichroism and morphological studies suggested formation of chiral, interconnected vesicular assemblies resembling “pearls‐on‐a‐string” from these CT mixed stacks. XRD studies revealed the formation of monolayer lipid membranes from these CT mixed stacks that eventually led to the formation of individual vesicles. Strong cohesive forces among the interconnected vesicles originate from the protrusion of the oxyethylene chains from the surfaces of the chiral vesicles.
Guaranteed‐Cost Consensus Control For High‐Order Linear Swarm Systems
Authors: Yang Xiaogang , Xi Jianxiang , Wu Jinying , Yao Zhicheng 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGuaranteed‐cost consensus analysis and design problems for high‐order linear time‐invariant swarm systems are dealt with in this paper. First, a guaranteed‐cost consensus control problem is introduced to obtain a trade‐off design object between consensus regulation performances and control energy consumptions. Then, sufficient conditions for guaranteed‐cost consensus and consensualization are presented respectively, an upper bound of the cost function is determined, and explicit expressions of consensus functions are given, which are independent of interaction topologies of swarm systems. Finally, a numerical example is shown to demonstrate theoretical results.
TP Model Transformation as a Manipulation Tool for QLPV Analysis and Design
Authors: Baranyi Péter 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe main motivation of the TP model transformation is that modern identification and control analysis, along with design methodologies, are based on various kinds of different representations that have different benefits and drawbacks in terms of identification and modeling effort and structure, however, the link between these representations is in many cases difficult to establish, especially if the model components are not given by closed formulae but rather by various soft‐computing‐based or black box models. This paper shows that the TP model transformation can serve as a gateway between different representations by bridging to a widely adopted polytopic representation. Further, it is capable of readily manipulating the resulting polytopic representation for further design requirements, which in many cases has a strong effect on the resulting control performance and the conservativeness of the solution. The paper discusses how the TP model transformation can be used as a final step of modeling and, at the same time, as a preprocessing step in polytopic model based design approaches. The paper introduces the generalized TP model transformation, which is a tractable, non‐heuristic numerical tool that can be executed on sets of functions. Different manipulation techniques are investigated to show the benefits of the generalized TP model transformation. Finally, a stability verification technique is proposed for cases where system components are available in different representations.
Exciting physical problems for the near future
Authors: Greiner W. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractA review of the pseudo‐complex theory of General Relativity will be given. The theory implies the existence of a minimal length. Modifying the variational principle did lead to a contribution of a dark energy‐momentum tensor on the right hand side of the Einstein equations. A physical principle emerges from it: Mass not only curves the space but also modifies the vacuum properties around that mass. The dark energy contributions react back on the curvature of space, halting the collapse of any size of mass, and finally the event horizon disappears. For the dark energy contribution a model had to be used, due to the lack of a quantized quantum theory. We resumed some experimental predictions, neglecting the effects of the minimal length. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Strongly interacting matter under extreme conditions: The effect of intense magnetic fields
Authors: Allen P. G. , Scoccola N. N. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe study the effects of magnetic fields on the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter using the Nambu‐Jona‐Lasinio model and its finite temperature extension which includes a coupling to the Polyakov loop. Emphasis is laid on the phase structure and its dependence on the parameters defining the model. We consider two parameter sets showing that they lead to rather different results, especially at low temperatures. The phenomena of magnetic catalysis and its counterpart, magnetic anti‐catalysis, are also discussed. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Parton‐hadron dynamics in heavy‐ion collisions
Authors: Bratkovskaya E. L. , Ozvenchuk V. , Cassing W. , Konchakovski V. P. , Linnyk O. , Marty R. , Berrehrah H. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe dynamics of partons and hadrons in relativistic nucleus‐nucleus collisions is analyzed within the novel Parton‐HadronString Dynamics (PHSD) transport approach, which is based on a dynamical quasiparticle model for the partonic phase (DQPM) including a dynamical hadronization scheme. The PHSD approach is applied to nucleus‐nucleus collisions from low SPS to LHC energies. The traces of partonic interactions are found in particular in the elliptic flow of hadrons and in their transverse mass spectra. We investigate also the equilibrium properties of strongly‐interacting infinite parton‐hadron matter characterized by transport coefficients such as shear and bulk viscosities and the electric conductivity in comparison to lattice QCD results. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
f‐ and r‐modes of slowly rotating stars: New results in the linear treatment
Authors: Chirenti C. , Skákala J. , Yoshida S. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractNewly born neutron stars can present differential rotation, even if later it should be suppressed by viscosity or a sufficiently strong magnetic field. In this early stage of its life, a neutron star is expected to have a strong emission of gravitational waves, which could be influenced by the differential rotation. We present here a new formalism for modelling differentially rotating neutron stars, working on the slow rotation approximation and assuming a small degree of differential rotation. After we establish our equilibrium model, we explore the influence of the differential rotation on the f and r‐modes of oscillation of the neutron star in the Cowling approximation, and we also analyze an effect of the differential rotation on the emission of gravitational radiation from the f‐modes. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modelling the magnetic field configuration of neutron stars
Authors: Ciolfi R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe properties of the extremely strong magnetic fields of neutron stars affect in a unique way their evolution and the associated phenomenology. Due to the lack of constraints from direct observations, our understanding of the magnetic field configuration in neutron star interiors depends on the progress in theoretical modelling. Here we discuss the effort in building models of magnetized neutron stars focussing on some of the recent results. In particular, we comment on the instability of purely poloidal and purely toroidal magnetic field configurations and on the evidence in favour of the so‐called twisted‐torus solutions. We conclude with an outlook on the present status of the field and future directions. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Astrophysical implications on the quantized Faraday effect
Authors: Cruz Rodríguez L. , Pérez Martínez A. , Pérez Rojas H. , Rodríguez Querts E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe aim of this work is to study Faraday rotation in the quantum relativistic limit. Starting from the photon self‐energy in the presence of a constant magnetic field the rotation of the polarization vector of a plane electromagnetic wave which travels along the fermion‐antifermion gas is studied. The connection between Faraday Effect and Quantum Hall Effect (QHE) is discussed. The Faraday angle shows a resonant behavior which is related with the branching points of the Hall conductivity. Possible applications to magnetospheres of compact objects are discussed. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gravity induced evolution of a magnetized fermion gas with finite temperature
Authors: Delgado Gaspar I. , Pérez Martínez A. , Sussman R. A. , Ulacia Rey A. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe examine the dynamics near the collapse of a self‐gravitating magnetized fermion gas at finite temperature, taken as the source of a Bianchi‐I spacetime described by the Kasner metric. The set of Einstein‐Maxwell field equations reduces to a complete and self‐consistent system of non‐linear autonomous ordinary differential equations. By considering a representative set of initial conditions, the numerical solutions of this system show the gas collapsing into both, isotropic (“point‐like”) and anisotropic (“cigar‐like”) singularities. We also examined the behavior during the collapse stage of all relevant state and kinematic variables: the temperature, the expansion scalar, the magnetic field, the magnetization and energy density. We notice a significant qualitative difference in the behavior of the gas for a range of temperatures: T/m ∼ 10–6–10–3. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)