bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visualization of molecular fluorescence point spread functions via remote excitation switching fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Su Liang , Lu Gang , Kenens Bart , Rocha Susana , Fron Eduard , Yuan Haifeng , Chen Chang , Van Dorpe Pol , Roeffaers Maarten B. J. , Mizuno Hideaki , Hofkens Johan , Hutchison James A. , Uji-i Hiroshi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe enhancement of molecular absorption, emission and scattering processes by coupling to surface plasmon polaritons on metallic nanoparticles is a key issue in plasmonics for applications in (bio)chemical sensing, light harvesting and photocatalysis. Nevertheless, the point spread functions for single-molecule emission near metallic nanoparticles remain difficult to characterize due to fluorophore photodegradation, background emission and scattering from the plasmonic structure. Here we overcome this problem by exciting fluorophores remotely using plasmons propagating along metallic nanowires. The experiments reveal a complex array of single-molecule fluorescence point spread functions that depend not only on nanowire dimensions but also on the position and orientation of the molecular transition dipole. This work has consequences for both single-molecule regime-sensing and super-resolution imaging involving metallic nanoparticles and opens the possibilities for fast size sorting of metallic nanoparticles, and for predicting molecular orientation and binding position on metallic nanoparticles via far-field optical imaging.
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Active-Reference, Double-Blind, Flexible-Dose Study of the Efficacy of Vortioxetine on Cognitive Function in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Mahableshwarkar Atul R , Zajecka John , Jacobson William , Chen Yinzhong , Keefe Richard SE 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, active-referenced (duloxetine 60 mg), parallel-group study evaluated the short-term efficacy and safety of vortioxetine (10–20 mg) on cognitive function in adults (aged 18–65 years) diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) who self-reported cognitive dysfunction. Efficacy was evaluated using ANCOVA for the change from baseline to week 8 in the digit symbol substitution test (DSST)–number of correct symbols as the prespecified primary end point. The patient-reported perceived deficits questionnaire (PDQ) and physician-assessed clinical global impression (CGI) were analyzed in a prespecified hierarchical testing sequence as key secondary end points. Additional predefined end points included the objective performance-based University of San Diego performance-based skills assessment (UPSA) (ANCOVA) to measure functionality, MADRS (MMRM) to assess efficacy in depression, and a prespecified multiple regression analysis (path analysis) to calculate directvsindirect effects of vortioxetine on cognitive function. Safety and tolerability were assessed at all visits. Vortioxetine was statistically superior to placebo on the DSST (P<0.05), PDQ (P<0.01), CGI-I (P<0.001), MADRS (P<0.05), and UPSA (P<0.001). Path analysis indicated that vortioxetine’s cognitive benefit was primarily a direct treatment effect rather than due to alleviation of depressive symptoms. Duloxetine was not significantly different from placebo on the DSST or UPSA, but was superior to placebo on the PDQ, CGI-I, and MADRS. Common adverse events (incidence ⩾5%) for vortioxetine were nausea, headache, and diarrhea. In this study of MDD adults who self-reported cognitive dysfunction, vortioxetine significantly improved cognitive function, depression, and functionality and was generally well tolerated.
Strongly anisotropic in-plane thermal transport in single-layer black phosphorene
Authors: Jain Ankit , McGaughey Alan J. H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractUsing first principles calculations, we predict the thermal conductivity of the two-dimensional materials black phosphorene and blue phosphorene. Black phosphorene has an unprecedented thermal conductivity anisotropy ratio of three, with predicted values of 110 W/m-K and 36 W/m-K along its armchair and zigzag directions at a temperature of 300 K. For blue phosphorene, which is isotropic with a zigzag structure, the predicted value is 78 W/m-K. The two allotropes show strikingly different thermal conductivity accumulation, with phonons of mean free paths between 10 nm and 1 μm dominating in black phosphorene, while a much narrower band of mean free paths (50–200 nm) dominate in blue phosphorene. Black phosphorene shows intriguing potential for strain-tuning of its thermal conductivity tensor.
Design and fabrication of far ultraviolet filters based on π-multilayer technology in high-k materials
Authors: Wang Xiao-Dong , Chen Bo , Wang Hai-Feng , He Fei , Zheng Xin , He Ling-Ping , Chen Bin , Liu Shi-Jie , Cui Zhong-Xu , Yang Xiao-Hu , Li Yun-Peng 
Published: February 2015

AbstractApplication of π-multilayer technology is extended to high extinction coefficient materials, which is introduced into metal-dielectric filter design. Metal materials often have high extinction coefficients in far ultraviolet (FUV) region, so optical thickness of metal materials should be smaller than that of the dielectric material. A broadband FUV filter of 9-layer non-periodic Al/MgF2 multilayer was successfully designed and fabricated and it shows high reflectance in 140–180 nm, suppressed reflectance in 120–137 nm and 181–220 nm.
Ultra-fast and energy-efficient sintering of ceramics by electric current concentration
Authors: Zapata-Solvas E. , Gómez-García D. , Domínguez-Rodríguez A. , Todd R. I. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractElectric current activated/assisted sintering (ECAS) techniques, such as electrical discharge sintering (EDS) or resistive sintering (RS), have been intensively investigated for longer than 50 years. In this work, a novel system including an electrically insulated graphite die for Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) is described, which allows the sintering of any refractory ceramic material in less than 1 minute starting from room temperature with heating rates higher than 2000°C/min and an energy consumption up to 100 times lower than with SPS. The system alternates or combines direct resistive sintering (DRS) and indirect resistive sintering (IRS). Electrical insulation of the die has been achieved through the insertion of a film made of alumina fibers between the graphite die and the graphite punches, which are protected from the alumina fiber film by a graphite foil. This system localized the electric current directly through the sample (conductive materials) as in DRS and EDS, or through the thin graphite foil (non-conductive materials) as in IRS and is the first system capable of being used under EDS or RS conditions independently combining current concentration/localization phenomena.
On-chip Fabrication of High Performance Nanostructured ZnO UV Detectors
Authors: Alenezi Mohammad R. , Henley Simon J. , Silva S. R. P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDeveloping rationally controlled bottom-up device fabrication processes is essential for the achievement of high performance optimal devices. We report a controlled, seedless and site-selective hydrothermal technique to fabricate high-performance nanostructured ZnO UV-detectors directly on-chip. We demonstrate that by controlling the nanowire growth process, via tuning the experimental parameters such as the concentration of reactants and the growth time and by introducing a refresh of the growth solution, the device structure efficiency can be enhanced to significantly improve its performance. The on-chip fabricated bridging nanosyringe ultraviolet detector demonstrates improved sensitivity (~105), nanowatts detectability and ultrafast response-time (90 ms) and recovery-time (210 ms). The improvement in response-time and recovery-time is attributed to the unique nanowire-nanowire junction barrier dominated resistance and the direct contact between ZnO and Au electrodes. Furthermore, the enhanced sensitivity and nanowatts detectability of the bridging nanosyringe device are due to the reduction in dimensionality and ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratio. This work paves the way toward low cost, large scale, low temperature, seedless and site-selective fabrication of high performance ZnO nanowire sensors on flexible and transparent substrates.
Structural basis for PPARγ transactivation by endocrine-disrupting organotin compounds
Authors: Harada Shusaku , Hiromori Youhei , Nakamura Shota , Kawahara Kazuki , Fukakusa Shunsuke , Maruno Takahiro , Noda Masanori , Uchiyama Susumu , Fukui Kiichi , Nishikawa Jun-ichi , Nagase Hisamitsu , Kobayashi Yuji , Yoshida Takuya , Ohkubo Tadayasu , Nakanishi Tsuyoshi 
Published: February 2015

AbstractOrganotin compounds such as triphenyltin (TPT) and tributyltin (TBT) act as endocrine disruptors through the peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) signaling pathway. We recently found that TPT is a particularly strong agonist of PPARγ. To elucidate the mechanism underlying organotin-dependent PPARγ activation, we here analyzed the interactions of PPARγ ligand-binding domain (LBD) with TPT and TBT by using X-ray crystallography and mass spectroscopy in conjunction with cell-based activity assays. Crystal structures of PPARγ-LBD/TBT and PPARγ-LBD/TPT complexes were determined at 1.95 Å and 1.89 Å, respectively. Specific binding of organotins is achieved through non-covalent ionic interactions between the sulfur atom of Cys285 and the tin atom. Comparisons of the determined structures suggest that the strong activity of TPT arises through interactions with helix 12 of LBD primarily via π-π interactions. Our findings elucidate the structural basis of PPARγ activation by TPT.
Quantitative relationship between crystallite size and adhesion strength of the electroforming layer during microelectroforming process
Authors: Zhao Zhong , Du Liqun 
Published: February 2015

Many micrometal devices are fabricated by microelectroforming technology in microelectromechanical systems. Micrometal devices usually suffer from poor interfacial adhesion strength, which restricts the application of microelectroforming technology. To solve this problem, in this reported work the influence of the electroforming crystallite size on practical adhesion energy is investigated. Furthermore, based on the energy balance criterion of fracture mechanics, the Miedema model of experimental electron theory (Miedema model) and the surface stress model, the equations between the crystallite size and the practical adhesion energy are established originally. Concerning the equations, the results show that the practical adhesion energy keeps an increasing trend and approaches basic adhesion energy as the crystallite size increases. To prove the equations, microelectroforming experiments were performed. The practical adhesion energy was measured by a scratch test. The crystallite size of the electroforming layer was tested by X‐ray diffraction technology. The results of the experiments show that, within the range of the crystallite size, the practical adhesion energy keeps an increasing trend and approaches 15 J/m2. The theoretical and the experimental results show the same trend. The equations are verified by the experiments and this work may guide the microelectroforming process.
Dengue: recent past and future threats
Authors: Rogers David J. 
Published: February 2015

This article explores four key questions about statistical models developed to describe the recent past and future of vector-borne diseases, with special emphasis on dengue:(1) How many variables should be used to make predictions about the future of vector-borne diseases?(2) Is the spatial resolution of a climate dataset an important determinant of model accuracy?(3) Does inclusion of the future distributions of vectors affect predictions of the futures of the diseases they transmit?(4) Which are the key predictor variables involved in determining the distributions of vector-borne diseases in the present and future?Examples are given of dengue models using one, five or 10 meteorological variables and at spatial resolutions of from one-sixth to two degrees. Model accuracy is improved with a greater number of descriptor variables, but is surprisingly unaffected by the spatial resolution of the data. Dengue models with a reduced set of climate variables derived from the HadCM3 global circulation model predictions for the 1980s are improved when risk maps for dengue's two main vectors (Aedes aegyptiandAedes albopictus) are also included as predictor variables; disease and vector models are projected into the future using the global circulation model predictions for the 2020s, 2040s and 2080s. The Garthwaite–Koch corr-max transformation is presented as a novel way of showing the relative contribution of each of the input predictor variables to the map predictions.
Spike sorting for large, dense electrode arrays
Authors: Rossant Cyrille , Kadir Shabnam , Goodman Dan F. M. , Schulman John , Belluscio Mariano , Buzsaki Gyorgy , Harris Kenneth D. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDevelopments in microfabrication technology have enabled the production of neural electrode arrays with hundreds of closely-spaced recording sites, and electrodes with thousands of sites are currently under development. These probes will in principle allow the simultaneous recording of very large numbers of neurons. However, use of this technology requires the development of techniques for decoding the spike times of the recorded neurons, from the raw data captured from the probes. There currently exists no practical solution to this problem of “spike sorting” for large, dense electrode arrays. Here, we present a set of novel tools to solve this problem, implemented in a suite of practical, user-friendly, open-source software. We validate these methods on data from rat cortex, demonstrating error rates as low as 5%.
Improving staff morale through authentic appreciation
Authors: White Paul 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to address the increasingly low levels of staff morale found in workplaces and the challenges managers have. Employees tend to view employee recognition programs cynically and the reasons for these reactions are explained, along with the negative results which follow. The concept of authentic appreciation is discussed, and the core components necessary for employees to feel truly valued and practical steps that can be taken are outlined.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper reports lessons learned through the author’s experiences of applying the concepts to workplaces over the past several years.

Findings
– Job satisfaction and employee engagement are declining in spite of the proliferation of employee recognition programs. Employees perceive much employee recognition activity as being disingenuous, leading to apathy and sarcasm. There are structural issues that need to be corrected for employee recognition to be perceived as authentic – making recognition less generic, more individualized and communicated regularly in the manner that is valued by the recipients.

Practical implications
– Traditional approaches to employee recognition (awards and rewards) need to be re-evaluated. Continuing these activities may actually increase the negativity within a work environment. Learning what each individual employee values and then communicating appreciation to them in ways that are perceived as authentic is critical to having a positive result.

Originality/value
– The paper challenges the current (and growing) trend of impersonal employee recognition programs and examines the factors that contribute to recognition being perceived as inauthentic. The author then provides an alternative approach and methodology that facilitates the ability to communicate authentic appreciation.
Ownership concentration, ownership composition and the performance of the Kuwaiti listed non-financial firms
Authors: Al-Saidi Mejbel , Al-Shammari Bader 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to investigate the relationship between ownership structure (ownership concentration and ownership composition) and firm performance in Kuwaiti non-financial firms. To this end, it examines the relationship between firm performance and ownership concentration to determine whether the impact of this relationship is conditional on the nature of the large shareholders.

Design/methodology/approach
– First, the relationship between ownership concentration and firm performance was tested using ordinary least squares regressions on 618 observations (103 listed firms) from 2005 to 2010; next, the ownership compositions were classified as institutional, government and individuals (families) and their impact on firm performance examined.

Findings
– The overall concentration ownership by large shareholders showed no impact on firm performance. However, when the type of shareholders was introduced, only the government and individuals (families) ownership categories influenced firm performance. Therefore, certain types of shareholders are better at monitoring, and not all concentration by large shareholders is beneficial to Kuwaiti firms.

Research limitations/implications
– This study examined only one important aspect of the corporate governance mechanisms, namely, ownership concentration. Thus, further study may include other mechanisms such as board variables, role of debt and shareholders rights in examining the firm performance. This study is limited to the Kuwaiti environment, and thus, next step can be very useful in case of comparing ownership concentration in the Gulf Cooperation Council (Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia) or across different Arab countries.

Practical implications
– The results of this study have important implications for the regulators in Kuwait in their efforts to increase the efficiency of the rapidly developing capital markets and in protecting investors and keeping confidence in the economy. They may mandate a corporate governance code to protect minority shareholders. Investors may use the findings to understand Kuwaiti companies. Such findings may assist them to diversify their investment portfolios.

Originality/value
– This paper extends literature review by investigating the role of large shareholders in the context of a developing country that is characterized by high level of ownership concentration and weak legal protection for investors as well as the absence of code that organized the corporate governance practices.
How SMEs use trade shows to enter global value chains
Authors: Measson Nadège , Campbell-Hunt Colin 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– By examining SMEs’ participation in trade fairs as a way to establish network relationships within a global value chain (GVC), the purpose of this paper is to offer one example of the steps used to reach this goal.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study uses a priori deductions derived from prior literature and case analysis of a purposive sample of six New Zealand SMEs to develop propositions on the use of trade fairs to enter a GVC network. The authors use the typology of GVC governance developed by Gereffi et al. (2005) to investigate how the use of trade fairs varies for each governance type.

Findings
– The study concludes that international trade fairs offer great network-building possibilities for SMEs, as well as selling, promotion and information gathering benefits. Both theoretical argument and experiential evidence suggest that these benefits are contingent on the GVC’s governance type.

Originality/value
– Although there is extensive work on the importance of networks to SME internationalisation, less has been done on the detailed steps used to build these networks.
Member perceptions of ESG investing through superannuation
Authors: de Zwaan Laura , Brimble Mark , Stewart Jenny 
Published: February 2015

Purpose
– Environmental, social and governance (ESG) risks have the potential to negatively impact financial returns, yet few superannuation funds integrate these considerations into their investment selection. The Cooper Review (2010) identified a lack of member demand as a key impediment to ESG investing by superannuation funds. Given this problem, the aim of this study is to explore superannuation fund members’ perceptions of ESG investing by their funds in order to identify reasons for the lack of demand.

Design/methodology/approach
– An on-line survey was developed and distributed to assess possible reasons why members do not select ESG investment options. In total, 549 Australian superannuation fund members responded to the survey.

Findings
– Results indicate that the majority of superannuation fund members are interested in ESG investing. Members lack awareness of their fund’s approach to ESG investing, and they do not perceive there to be a financial penalty from ESG investing. Finally, members show a preference for consideration of governance issues over both social and environmental issues.

Research limitations/implications
– Respondents are well educated and the majority did not choose their superannuation fund. There was no measure of financial literacy included in the research instrument. There is also a general limitation in surveying superannuation fund members when they lack knowledge about superannuation.

Practical implications
– The results indicate that superannuation members are interested in both superannuation and ESG investing. Given the low take-up of ESG investment options, this finding raises the question of how effectively funds are engaging their members.

Social implications
– The results should be of interest to superannuation funds and may lead to renewed interest in promoting ESG products.

Originality/value
– This is the first study to examine superannuation members’ attitudes and behaviours towards ESG investing in the context of superannuation. The study also adds to our understanding of member decision-making in the $1.8 trillion superannuation industry.