bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating Peptidome to Indicate the Tumor-resident Proteolysis
Authors: Deng Zaian , Li Yaojun , Fan Jia , Wang Guohui , Li Yan , Zhang Yaou , Cai Guoping , Shen Haifa , Ferrari Mauro , Hu Tony Y. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTumor-resident proteases (TRPs) are regarded as informative biomarkers for staging cancer progression and evaluating therapeutic efficacy. Currently in the clinic, measurement of TRP is dependent on invasive biopsies, limiting their usefulness as monitoring tools. Here we identified circulating peptides naturally produced by TRPs and evaluated their potential to monitor the efficacy of anti-tumor treatments. We established a mouse model for ovarian cancer development and treatment by orthotopic implantation of the human drug-resistant ovarian cancer cell line HeyA8-MDR, followed by porous silicon particle- or multistage vector (MSV) - enabled EphA2 siRNA therapy. Immunohistochemistry staining of tumor tissue revealed decreased expression of matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) in mice exhibiting positive responses to MSV-EphA2 siRNA treatment. We demonstrated, via an ex vivo proteolysis assay, that C3f peptides can act as substrates of MMP-9, which cleaves C3f at L1311-L1312 into two peptides (SSATTFRL and LWENGNLLR). Importantly, we showed that these two C3f-derived fragments detected in serum were primarily generated by tumor-resident, but not blood-circulating, MMP-9. Our results suggested that the presence of the circulating fragments specially derived from the localized cleavage in tumor microenvironment can be used to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of anti-cancer treatment, assessed through a relatively noninvasive and user-friendly proteomics approach.
Ribosomal frameshifting and dual-target antiactivation restrict quorum-sensing–activated transfer of a mobile genetic element
Authors: Ramsay Joshua P. , Tester Laura G. L. , Major Anthony S. , Sullivan John T. , Edgar Christina D. , Kleffmann Torsten , Patterson-House Jackson R. , Hall Drew A. , Tate Warren P. , Hynes Michael F. , Ronson Clive W. 
Published: March 2015

Significance
Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) facilitate horizontal transfer of multiple genetic determinants. Here we show that a programmed ribosomal frameshift (PRF) contributes to the regulation of ICE transfer. The low-frequency PRF fuses the coding sequences of two genes, resulting in a single-protein Frameshifted excision activator (FseA) that activates ICE excision. An antiactivator, QseM, known to disrupt the quorum-sensing regulator TraR, also disrupted FseA. The evolved PRF site, together with the dual-target antiactivator, QseM, likely provides robust suppression of ICE transfer in the face of the inherent biological noise of quorum-sensing autoinduction. This work illustrates how a complex multipartite regulatory system has assembled through evolution to form a robust genetic toggle to control gene transcription and translation at both single-cell and cell-population levels.
SHALLOW CAVITIES IN MULTIPLE-PLANET SYSTEMS
Authors: Duffell Paul C. , Dong Ruobing 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACT
Large cavities are often observed in protoplanetary disks, which might suggest the presence of planets opening gaps in the disk. Multiple planets are necessary to produce a wide cavity in the gas. However, multiple planets may also be a burden to the carving out of very deep gaps. When additional planets are added to the system, the time-dependent perturbations from these additional satellites can stir up gas in the gap, suppressing cavity opening. In this study, we perform two-dimensional numerical hydro calculations of gap opening for single and multiple planets, showing the effect that additional planets have on the gap depths. We show that multiple planets produce much shallower cavities than single planets, so that more massive planets are needed in the multiple-planet case to produce an equivalent gap depth as in the single-planet case. To deplete a gap by a factor of 100 for the parameters chosen in this study, one only requires M

p
≈ 3.5 M

J
in the single-planet case, but much more massive planets, M

p
≈ 7 M

J
are required in the multiple-planet case. This requirement of high-mass planets implies that such planets may be detectable in the next generation of direct imaging projects, in gaps whose depths are constrained to be sufficiently deep by ALMA.
Probing Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless Phase Transition of Spin-Half XXZ Chain by Quantum Fisher Information*
Authors: Zheng Qiang , Yao Yao , Xu Xun-Wei 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless phase transition of spin-1/2 XXZ chain is reinvestigated by the quantum Fisher information. Quantum Fisher informations of the whole N sites and the partial N/3 sites display remarkably similar behaviors near the critical point. The critical exponent of quantum Fisher information is obtained as β = 0.47, which is consistent with the results obtained by the concurrence and quantum discord.
Effect of Different Environments on Multipartite Global Discord*
Authors: Xu Bao-Ming , Zou Jian , Li Jun-Gang , Shao Bin 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We investigate the influences of non-Markovian dissipation and global dephasing process on the dynamical behaviors of global discord among four qubits. We find that for the non-Markovian dissipation model W state is the most robust to decoherence compared to Dicke and GHZ states; however, for the global dephasing model Dicke state is the most robust to decoherence among them. Also the dynamical behaviors of global quantum discord are quite different from that of the multipartite entanglement for the non-Markovian dissipation model, while they are very similar to each other for the global dephasing model.
Implementation of Positive Operator-Valued Measure in Passive Faraday Mirror Attack*
Authors: Wang Wei-Long , Gao Ming , Ma Zhi 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Passive Faraday-mirror (PFM) attack is based on imperfect Faraday mirrors in practical quantum cryptography systems and a set of three-dimensional Positive Operator-Valued Measure (POVM) operators plays an important role in this attack. In this paper, we propose a simple scheme to implement the POVM in PFM attack on an Faraday–Michelson quantum cryptography system. Since the POVM can not be implemented directly with previous methods, in this scheme it needs to expand the states sent by Alice and the POVM operators in the attack into four-dimensional Hilbert space first, without changing the attacking effect by calculation. Based on the methods proposed by Ahnert and Payne, the linear-optical setup for implementing the POVM operators is derived. At last, the complete setup for realizing the PFM attack is presented with all parameters. Furthermore, our scheme can also be applied to realize PFM attack on a plug-and-play system by changing the parameters in the setup.
Effect of Anisotropic Spin-Orbit Coupling on the Ground State of Bose–Einstein Condensate in an External Potential*
Authors: He Wan-Quan , Gao Ri-Li , Zhang Pei , Bi Xiong-Wei , Pan Qing-Shan , Xu Shi-Juan 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Spin-orbit coupled Bosonic atoms confined in external potentials open up new avenues for quantum-state manipulation and will contribute to the design and exploration of novel quantum devices. Here we consider a quasi-two-dimensional spin-orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensate confined in an external harmonic potential, with emphasis on the effects of anisotropic spin-orbit coupling on the equilibrium ground-state structure of such a system. For the cases with spin-orbit coupling solely in x- or y-axis direction, the ground-state structure can develop to the well-known standing wave phase, in which the two components always form an alternative density arrangement. For a two-dimensional anisotropic spin-orbit coupling, the separated lumps first become bend, then form two rows of stripe structure along y direction with further increasing the strength of spin-orbit coupling in x-direction. Furthermore, the distance between these two rows of stripe structure is also investigated in detail.
Hard-Core Bosons on a Two-Dimensional Square Optical Superlattice*
Authors: Li Xiao-Juan , Wen Yu-Chuan 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this work, we theoretically study hard-core bosons on a two-dimensional square optical superlattice at T = 0. First of all, we present the mean field phase diagram of this model in terms of the chemical potential μ and the alternating potential strength Δ. Besides a superfluid (SF) phase at Δ = 0 and a charge density wave (CDW) phase in the large Δ at half filling, we demonstrate that a supersolid (SS) phase emerges in the moderate Δ. Then, we focus on the μ = 0, e.g., half filling case, using large-S semiclassical spin-wave approximation to study the SS to CDW quantum phase transition. In particular, we calculate the ground-state energy and the superfluid density at the level of 1/S correction. We then compare the spin-wave results with the large scale quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations using the cluster stochastic series expansion (CSSE) algorithm, and find that while the spin wave method is intuitive with clear physical pictures, the quantum critical point is quite different from that of numerical results which is believed to be accurate. We suggest that as simple as it is, this model still exhibits strong quantum fluctuations near the quantum critical point beyond the power of semiclassical spin-wave approach.
Analysis of the Z(4430) as the First Radial Excitation of the Zc
(3900)*
Authors: Wang Zhi-Gang 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this article, we take the Zc(3900) and Z(4430) as the ground state and the first radial excited state of the axial-vector tetraquark states with JPC = 1+−, respectively, and study their masses and pole residues with the QCD sum rules by calculating the contributions of the vacuum condensates up to dimension-10 in a consistent way in the operator product expansion. The numerical result favors assigning the Zc(3900) and Z(4430) as the ground state and first radial excited state of the axial-vector tetraquark states, respectively.
Pair Production of the Doubly Charged Leptons Associated with a Gauge Boson γ or Z in e+e−
and γγ Collisions at Future Linear Colliders*
Authors: Zeng Qing-Guo , Ji Li , Yang Shuo 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we investigate the production of a pair of doubly charged leptons associated with a gauge boson V(γ or Z) at future linear colliders via e+e− and γγ collisions. The numerical results show that the possible signals of the doubly charged leptons may be detected via the processes e+e− → VX++X−− and γγ → VX++X−− at future ILC or CLIC experiments.
Superposition of Stationary Wave Fields Via Atom Microscopy
Authors: Hizbullah  , Anwar Ali khan , Naveed Khan , Iftikhar Ahmad , Bakht Amin Bacha 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We investigate one-dimensional position microscopy of a three-level atom moving through a stationary wave region under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency. The precise position information of an atom is observed on the resonance absorption and dispersion distribution spectrum of a weak probe field. Single and multiple localization peaks are observed in specific directions of the corresponding wave numbers and phase of the standing wave fields. The strength of space-independent Rabi frequency reduces the position uncertainty in the localized peaks without disturbing the probability of the atom. In a hot atomic medium the localized probability of an atom is reduced which depends upon the temperature of that medium. Our results provide useful applications in the development of laser cooling, atom nanolithography and Bose–Einstein condensation.
Physiological Transportation of Casson Fluid in a Plumb Duct
Authors: Noreen Sher Akbar , Butt Adil Wahid 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper is devoted to a study of the peristaltic motion of a Casson fluid of a non-Newtonian fluid accompanied in a horizontal tube. To characterize the non-Newtonian fluid behavior, we have considered the Casson fluid model. Suitable similarity transformations are utilized to transform the governing partial differential momentum into the non-linear ordinary differential equations. Exact analytical solutions of these equations are obtained and are the properties of velocity, pressure and profiles are then studied graphically.
Quintessence Field as a Perfect Cosmic Fluid of Constant Pressure*
Authors: Liu Wen-Zhong , Ouyang Jun , Yang Huan-Xiong 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
We study the cosmology of a quintessence scalar field which is equivalent to a non-barotropic perfect fluid of constant pressure. The coincidence problem is alleviated by such a quintessence equation-of-state that interpolates between plateau of zero at large redshifts and plateau of minus one as the redshift approaches to zero. The quintessence field is neither a unified dark matter nor a mixture of cosmological constant and cold dark matter, relying on the facts that the quintessence density contrasts of sub-horizon modes would undergo a period of late-time decline and the squared sound speeds of quintessence perturbations do not vanish. What a role does the quintessence play is dynamic dark energy, its clustering could remarkably reduce the growth rate of the density perturbations of non-relativistic matters.
Introduction
Authors: McCready E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter is an overview of the book. It provides a general introduction to the book’s content and motivates some of the theoretical moves made there. As it says, the main theme is how judgements about reliability manifest in the semantics and pragmatics of natural language, focusing on the experiential basis for judging cooperativity and the likelihood that a given information source will give accurate information. It also gives a road map to reading the book, a brief statement of chapter dependencies, and a bit of background.
Trust and reputations
Authors: McCready E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter explores the phenomena of hedging and disclaimers. It proposes an analysis of them on which they serve to protect the reputation of the speaker from damage resulting from speaking falsehoods. This view is formalized using a model of histories of behavior in repeated games, which can be used to make judgements about speaker reliability and cooperativity. The resulting analysis is extended to cases in which only certain parts of the game histories are used to judge reliability, and some additional issues are addressed.
Deriving hedged interpretations
Authors: McCready E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter addresses the question of how hedged interpretations are to be derived, given the lack of any expression with a meaning dedicated to expressing a hedge. It is argued that hedged interpretations are obtained by pragmatic reasoning from the incoherence of certain kinds of discourse moves, in a way dependent on the expression of Moorean paradoxes by means of non-asserted content. A formal model is provided.
The nature of evidentials
Authors: McCready E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter is an overview of the nature of evidentials and of some existing formal analyses of them. It begins with a definition of evidentials and some examples of them, and continues to a summary of semantic analyses of evidentials. This part focues on how existing analyses handle the two types of evidentials that have been shown to exist: so‐called illocutionary and epistemic evidentials. Finally, the treatment of evidentials in formal pragmatics is considered.
Using priorities
Authors: McCready E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter uses the model of chapter 7 to analyze the concept of best possible grounds for a speech act, an important one in the analysis of evidentials. It is argued that best possible grounds amounts to the most reliable source for a particular assertion, as computed on the basis of initial probabilities of reliability together with the history of interaction in the sense of the first part of the book. It is also shown how the history of reliability of a particular evidence source can influence future judgements about its reliability and the overall ordering of evidence sources.
Testimonial evidence
Authors: McCready E. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter returns to the particular case of testimonial evidence and places the proposed account within the philosophical landscape of work on testimony. The approach is argued to be a hybrid of reductionist and anti-reductionist approaches from this perspective. Information states corresponding to sources of testimonial evidence are then introduced and used to solve a puzzle of testimonial evidence based on an anti-reductionist view of testimony. Finally, the chapter returns to the case of hedged assertion, and argues that hedged assertions are an information source of their own, making them parallel to evidentials in the formal analysis.
Proto-Indo-European, Greek, and primitive languages: the last 150 years
Authors: Probert Philomen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChapter 2 introduces an old debate now enjoying a considerable revival: should we expect languages spoken a few thousand years ago, such as Proto-Indo-European, to be in some sense primitive languages? Should we expect them to be systematically less well-equipped than modern languages when it comes to means of forming subordinate clauses? Or should we assume that the uniformitarian principle holds in a strong form, with languages at this time depth conforming to a linguistic typology based on modern languages? In particular, the chapter introduces the way in which ancient Greek has been used in this debate, in the past and again very recently.
Approaches to Proto-Indo-European relative clauses
Authors: Probert Philomen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChapter 3 introduces a long-standing debate about relative clause syntax in the prehistory of the Indo-European language family. Understanding the prehistory of the relative pronouns found in early attested Indo-European languages is usually seen as the key to understanding what, if anything, Proto-Indo-European had by way of relative clauses. Matters are complicated by the presence of two candidates for reconstructable Indo-European relative pronouns, found in different languages from one another. Some early attested Indo-European languages, including Greek, form relative clauses with reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European pronoun*(H)yo-, but others use reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European pronoun *kwi-/kwo-. This chapter surveys the debate as to whether either or both of these already functioned as a relative pronoun in Proto-Indo-European and if so, what relative clause syntax was involved. The chapter finishes by considering alternative approaches that avoid making relative pronouns the starting point for reconstructing relative clause syntax.
What is a relative clause?
Authors: Probert Philomen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChapter 4 considers what is actually meant by the term ‘relative clause’, and lays out a tripartite classification into restrictive relative clauses (the cat whom I love), non-restrictive relative clauses (the cat, whom I love), and inherently maximalizing relative clauses (This was what he wanted). In a language that uses definite articles, a noun modified by a restrictive or non-restrictive relative clause can take a definite or indefinite article (compare the cat whom I love with a cat whom I love, and the cat, whom I love with a cat, whom I love). By contrast, an inherently maximalizing relative clause has something like the meaning of the definite article built into it: what he wanted means something like the thing which he wanted, not a thing which he wanted. This tripartite classification is current in linguistic work, and crucial to the synchronic and diachronic analysis offered in this book.
Conclusions
Authors: Probert Philomen 
Published: March 2015

AbstractChapter 15 draws together the synchronic and diachronic analysis of the book, and returns to the role of ancient Greek relative clauses in the debate about languages spoken a few thousand years ago. The evidence suggests, firstly and most importantly, that when ancient Greek texts appear on the scene, a system including a rather rich variety of relative clause types has been in place for a considerable time: relative clauses do not support the idea that languages spoken a few thousand years ago were systematically poorer in these particular linguistic resources than their descendants. On the other hand, languages do constantly change, and prehistoric Greek was no exception. The chapter draws the analysis of early Greek together with observations about relative clauses elsewhere in the Indo-European language family, especially Latin, Hittite, and Germanic, and concludes with some suggestions about relative clauses in, or near, Proto-Indo-European.
Superconductivity from repulsive interaction
Authors: Maiti S. , Chubukov A. V. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWhether or not electron–electron pairing by the nominally repulsive Coulomb interaction, can give rise to superconductivity by itself is reviewed. The generic scenario of the pairing by electron–electron interaction put forward by Kohn and Luttinger is considered, as are modern studies of the electronic mechanism of superconductivity in the lattice models for the cuprates, the Fe pnictides, and the doped graphene. In the range of interactions where these systems are metals and Mott physics does not play a crucial role, the pairing in all three classes of materials can be viewed as lattice version of Kohn–Luttinger physics, despite differences in pairing symmetries. Conditions under which pairing occurs are discussed, as are the need to perform either parquet renormalization-group analysis at weak coupling or introduce effective interaction mediated by pre-formed spin or charge fluctuations at a stronger coupling and the interplay between superconductivity and density-wave instabilities at weak coupling.
Superfluidity in ultracold atomic Fermi gases
Authors: Zwierlein Martin W. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis chapter reviews experimental studies of fermionic superfluidity in ultracold atomic gases. Scattering properties of ultracold atoms and Feshbach resonances are introduced. The basic theoretical framework is presented based on the Leggett ansatz that provides intuition into many of the observed phenomena. The various experimental observations related to fermion pair condensation and superfluidity are described. The thermodynamic measurements of strongly interacting Fermi gases are considered. Experiments on superfluidity in the presence of population imbalance are reviewed. These studies have led to the observation of the Clogston–Chandrasekhar (or Pauli) limit of fermionic superfluidity and to the identification of a novel attractive Fermi liquid of polaronic quasiparticles. Novel Fermi systems, such as Fermi gases in lower dimensions, optical lattices, dipolar Fermi gases, and spin–orbit coupled Fermi gases, are also touched on briefly.
Coherent exciton transport in semiconductors
Authors: Rontani Massimo , Sham L. J. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
After reviewing the physical systems that may host exciton condensation, this chapter illustrates some recent proposals concerning the detection of coherent exciton flow. It focuses on the exciton analogues of two phenomena—Andreev reflection and the Josephson effect—which are hallmarks of superconducting behavior and stress the crucial differences between excitons and Cooper pairs. It shows that the excitonic insulator is the perfect insulator in terms of both charge and heat transport, with an unusually high resistance at the interface with a semimetal—the normal phase of the condensed state. Such behavior may be explained in terms of the coherence induced into the semimetal by the proximity of the exciton condensate. The exciton superflow may be directly probed in the case that excitons are optically pumped in a double-layer semiconductor heterostructure. The chapter proposes a correlated photon counting experiment for coupled electrostatic exciton traps.