bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Demonstrates Characteristic Differences in Vasculature at Predilection Sites of Osteochondritis Dissecans
Authors: Tóth Ferenc , Nissi Mikko J. , Ellermann Jutta M. , Wang Luning , Shea Kevin G. , Polousky John , Carlson Cathy S. 
Published: August 2015

Background: Understanding the pathogenesis of osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans and other developmental orthopaedic diseases that are thought to occur secondary to defects in vascular supply to growth/epiphyseal cartilage has been hampered by the inability to image the vasculature in this tissue. This is particularly true in human beings due to limitations of current imaging techniques and the lack of availability of appropriate cadaveric samples for histological studies. Hypothesis: Susceptibility-weighted imaging, an MRI sequence, allows identification of characteristic differences in the vascular architecture in species that are affected by osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans on the femoral condyle (humans and pigs) versus a species that is free of the disease (goat). Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Materials: Distal femora from cadavers of juvenile humans (n = 5), pigs (n = 3), and goats (n = 3) were scanned in a 9.4-T MRI scanner using susceptibility-weighted imaging. Three-dimensional reconstructions were created, and minimum intensity projections were calculated in 3 planes to enhance visualization of the vascular architecture. Results: Susceptibility-weighted imaging allowed clear visualization of the epiphyseal vasculature in all species. Vascular architecture, with vessels primarily arising from the perichondrium, was similar in humans and pigs, which are predisposed to osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans, and was starkly different from that present in goats, a species in which there are no reports of osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans. Furthermore, vessels in the distal femoral predilection site disappeared with age in humans in a pattern similar to that reported previously in pigs. Conclusion: Nearly identical vascular architecture at the shared primary predilection site of osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans in the femoral condyles in human beings and pigs suggests that vascular failure, which is known to be central to the pathogenesis of this disease in pigs, may also play a role in humans. Clinical Relevance: This assumption of a shared pathogenesis is supported by the pattern of disappearance of vessels with age at the primary predilection site of osteochondritis dissecans in humans, which is essentially identical to that which has been reported in pigs. Susceptibility-weighted imaging will likely help further elucidate this potential relationship in the future.
Adverse events experienced by participants in a back pain walking intervention: A descriptive study
Authors: Krein Sarah L , Abdul-Wahab Yousef , Kadri Reema , Richardson Caroline R 
Published: August 2015

Objective To understand the range and potential severity of adverse events reported by patients with back pain who were participating in a walking intervention. Methods Data were obtained from participants in a randomized trial of a pedometer-based Internet-mediated intervention to promote walking and reduce back pain-related disability (n = 229 participants, 118 usual care, and 111 intervention). Participants reported adverse events throughout the 12-month study period. All reported events were reviewed and classified by system, severity, and study relatedness. Results A total of 600 adverse events were reported, 250 by those in usual care and nearly 350 by those in the intervention. After worsening back pain (27%), musculoskeletal events were the most commonly reported events (19%), followed by cardiovascular events (14%), infection (11%), and medical procedures (9%). There were three times as many musculoskeletal events in the intervention compared to the usual care group. Cardiovascular events, which were generally not serious and not walking related, were far less common than musculoskeletal injuries. Conclusions Individuals with chronic back pain can safely engage in a pedometer-based, unsupervised walking program. However, patients may benefit from focused counseling about musculoskeletal risks with specific attention to injury prevention measures such as gradually incrementing activity levels.
Celecoxib for the prevention of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: results from a matched control study
Authors: Pagliarulo Vincenzo , Ancona Patrizia , Martines Ivan , Spadavecchia Rossana , Di Stasi Savino , Alba Stefano , Cormio Luigi , Fanizza Caterina , Salerno Annamaria , Carrieri Giuseppe , Pagliarulo Arcangelo 
Published: August 2015

Objectives: New targets and approaches are under investigation for the treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Preclinical data suggest cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) as a promising target. Celecoxib, a COX-2 selective inhibitor, inhibits tumor development and enhances survival, both in vitro and in vivo models of bladder cancer. Therefore, we conducted a pilot study of celecoxib to prevent recurrence in patients with intermediate risk NMIBC. Methods: Treatment with celecoxib was administered orally for 12 months and compared with a contemporary series of patients treated with intravesical mitomycin C (MMC), given weekly for 4 weeks and then monthly for 11 months. Primary endpoints were time to first recurrence and adverse events. Results: From 2003 through 2006, 58 patients were treated with celecoxib and compared with 66 patients receiving MMC. After a median follow up of 75 months, 49 patients were disease free, including 23 (34.85%) in the MMC group and 26 (44.8%) in the celecoxib group. Median disease-free interval was 67 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 35.8 to NA] versus 41 months (95% CI 27.1–67.1; log-rank p = 0.25) for patients treated with MMC and celecoxib, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, treatment was not found to be an independent predictor for recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) 0.76, 95% CI 0.47–1.22, p = 0.25). Overall, 45 AEs were recorded in 35/124 patients. There were no differences between the two groups. Conclusions: Our data support a clinical benefit of celecoxib and encourage future trials in which COX-2 inhibitors may be tested in selected patients with NMIBC.
Assessing the Extent to Which Current Clinical Research is Consistent with Patient Priorities: A Scoping Review Using a Case Study in Patients on or Nearing Dialysis
Authors: Jun Min , Manns Braden , Laupacis Andreas , Manns Liam , Rehal Bhavdeep , Crowe Sally , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose of review: There is growing acknowledgement that engaging patients to identify their research priorities is important. Using a case study of patients on or nearing dialysis, we sought to assess the extent to which recently completed and ongoing clinical research was consistent with priorities identified by patients, caregivers, and clinicians. Sources of information: Over a 4-year sampling frame (January 2010 to December 2013), we systematically searched the medical literature (top 5 nephrology and top 10 general medicine journals accessed through MEDLINE via Ovid), international randomized controlled trial (RCT) registries, and national government and kidney research funding organizations (Canada, U.S., Australia, and U.K.) for published clinical studies, registered RCTs, and funded clinical studies, respectively. Published clinical studies, registered RCTs, and funded clinical studies were categorized as to whether or not they were consistent with the top 10 research priorities identified by patients, their caregivers, and clinicians in a recent comprehensive research priority setting exercise. Findings: The search yielded 4293 published articles, 688 RCTs, and 70 funded studies, of which 1116 articles, 315 RCTs, and 70 funded studies were eligible for inclusion. Overall 194 published studies (17.4 %), 71 RCTs (22.5 %), and 15 funded studies (21.4 %) included topics consistent with the top 10 research priorities identified by patients. Four of the top 10 research priorities, including strategies to improve the management of itching, increase access to kidney transplantation, assess the psychosocial impact of kidney failure, and determine the effects of dietary restriction received virtually no attention. Limitations: The top 10 priorities we used to categorize included studies were identified by Canadian patients, caregivers, and clinicians. The top research priorities may vary across different countries. The proportion of published studies that are consistent with the top 10 priorities could be different in nephrology journals with lower impact factors. Studies related to kidney transplantation and the psychosocial impact of kidney failure may have been published in journals not included in our search strategy. Implications: The majority of recently completed or ongoing clinical studies in patients on or nearing dialysis do not address the top research priorities of patients, raising concerns that current clinical research may not be meeting the needs of the ultimate consumer, in this case, patients on or nearing dialysis. Greater involvement of patients in research is required to bridge the gap between research and patients' needs.
The effect of discontinuous gas exchange on respiratory water loss in grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) varies across an aridity gradient
Authors: Huang Shu-Ping , Talal Stav , Ayali Amir , Gefen Eran 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
The significance of discontinuous gas-exchange cycles (DGC) in reducing respiratory water loss (RWL) in insects is contentious. Results from single-species studies are equivocal in their support of the classic ‘hygric hypothesis’ for the evolution of DGC, whereas comparative analyses generally support a link between DGC and water balance. In this study, we investigated DGC prevalence and characteristics and RWL in three grasshopper species (Acrididae, subfamily Pamphaginae) across an aridity gradient in Israel. In order to determine whether DGC contributes to a reduction in RWL, we compared the DGC characteristics and RWL associated with CO2 release (transpiration ratio, i.e. the molar ratio of RWL to CO2 emission rates) among these species. Transpiration ratios of DGC and continuous breathers were also compared intraspecifically. Our data show that DGC characteristics, DGC prevalence and the transpiration ratios correlate well with habitat aridity. The xeric-adapted Tmethis pulchripennis exhibited a significantly shorter burst period and lower transpiration ratio compared with the other two mesic species, Ocneropsis bethlemita and Ocneropsis lividipes. However, DGC resulted in significant water savings compared with continuous exchange in T. pulchripennis only. These unique DGC characteristics for T. pulchripennis were correlated with its significantly higher mass-specific tracheal volume. Our data suggest that the origin of DGC may not be adaptive, but rather that evolved modulation of cycle characteristics confers a fitness advantage under stressful conditions. This modulation may result from morphological and/or physiological modifications.
Effects of global warming on wind energy potential
Authors: Gungor Afsin 
Published: August 2015

A recent study conducted to determine the potential of wind power in Nigde which used 35 year wind data, has shown that global warming may also affect the potential of wind power negatively. The wind data were collected on 10 min time intervals at 10 m mast height. The missing data were 3.9%. When the results are closely examined it is observed that the potential of wind power has decreased dramatically throughout the years. The 35 yearly data has shown a decrease of wind power density from 48.14 W/m2 to 13.25 W/m2. These results are of extreme importance because of various reasons given below.
The first problem we may see is that it is possible to observe an area which was once regarded as a highly suitable region for wind energy generation is now not as sustainable as it was assumed to be. Thus it may stand as a hidden but great risk for certain wind farm investments. Therefore, the calculation of wind power potential is a really serious matter to deal with. Moreover, if the loss of the wind power potential is observed consistently and continually as a result of global warming, the only reasonable solution to this problem may be the relocation of the whole power-plant.
Objectives of financial reporting and auditing: methodological problems criteria and justify the classification misstatement of the financial statements
Authors: Бычкова  , Bychkova S. , Итыгилова  , Itygilova E. 
Published: August 2015

The article deals with the problem of methodological inconsistencies criteria for the preparation and presentation of financial statements usefulness of the concept of financial
information and the doctrines of the financial statements and, therefore, uncertainty criteria for audits of financial statements. The substantiation of the need to define criteria for the
audit of financial statements on the basis of the modern concept of the usefulness of financial information, certain conceptual principles of IFRS (2010), in the context of the
established doctrines of accounting; the criteria of fairness and reliability of financial information, as well as the substantiation of the classification misstatement of the financial
statements based on the established criteria of the audit.
Potential operational audit business systems
Authors: Ситнов  , Sitnov Alyeksyey 
Published: August 2015

The article summarizes and systematizes views on the process of implementation of the operational audit of the modern business systems. In the study the author has outlined its
views on the possibility of applying the specified direction of the audit when the permanent influence of the external environment on the business system, opened its significant
advantages for system management of these entities. In addition, the author revealed the potential use as tools audit research business systems techniques operationally-cost
analysis and economic-mathematical modeling.
On the question of improving the methods of tax control in Russia
Authors: Шешукова  , Sheshukova T. , Баленко  , Balenko D. 
Published: August 2015

The article discusses the concept and purpose of the «tax control», identify problems in the Russian legislation in the field of tax control and study methods to improve it.
On the example of the leading developed countries illustrate features of the implementation of tax policy in the modern world economy
IQ and Mutual Fund Choice
Authors: Grinblatt Mark , Ikäheimo Seppo , Keloharju Matti , Knüpfer Samuli 
Published: August 2015

We show that cognitive ability influences mutual fund choice: high-IQ investors avoid funds with high management fees. Two competing stories can explain this phenomenon. One is that high-IQ consumers benefit less from costly services, as they find it easier to make informed financial decisions without external help. The alternative story is that these investors are less likely to overpay for the services they receive because they are either better judges of value or more capable of discerning the price charged for these services. A comprehensive data set of Finnish males’ fund holdings supports both stories: consistent with the first story, high-IQ investors tend to avoid funds sold via expensive service-intensive channels and prefer a mix of equity and bond funds to expensive readily packaged balanced funds. Consistent with the alternative story, IQ and fees are inversely correlated, even after controlling for many fund services, including any operating at the fund family level. This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Principal–Agent Settings with Random Shocks
Authors: Rubin Jared , Sheremeta Roman 
Published: August 2015

Using a gift-exchange experiment, we show that the ability of reciprocity to overcome incentive problems inherent in principal–agent settings is greatly reduced when the agent’s effort is distorted by random shocks and transmitted imperfectly to the principal. Specifically, we find that gift exchange contracts without shocks encourage effort and wages well above standard predictions. However, the introduction of random shocks reduces wages and effort, regardless of whether the shocks can be observed by the principal. Moreover, the introduction of shocks significantly reduces the probability of fulfilling the contract by the agent, the payoff of the principal, and total welfare. Therefore, our findings demonstrate that random shocks place an important bound on the ability of gift exchange to overcome principal–agent problems. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2177 . This paper was accepted by John List, behavioral economics.
Functions of bounded variation and curves in metric measure spaces
Authors: Martio Olli 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAn approximation modulus, the$\mathrm{AM}$-modulus, for a family of paths is introduced in a metric measure space${(X,d,\nu)}$. It is shown that a function of bounded variation inXis a BV function on almost every path with respect to the$\mathrm{AM}$-modulus. Properties of the$\mathrm{AM}$-modulus, its relations to the usual${M_{1}}$-modulus and to the BV-capacities of condensers are studied. Only minimal assumptions onXand the measure ν are employed.
Language, identity, and insider/outsider positionality in Caribbean Creole English research
Authors: Nero Shondel 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis article is a critically reflexive interrogation of the researcher’s identity with respect to qualitative language research in her own community, illustrated by discourse analysis of three vignettes from a critical ethnographic study of language education policy in Jamaica. Drawing on her biography as well as poststructuralist theories and research on identity and positioning, the author discusses the ways in which the choice, process, and (re)presentation of her research on Caribbean Creole English speakers in schools are filtered through the tensions among her ascribed, felt, and evolving insider/outsider identities and positionings. These tensions are heightened due to the highly charged and paradoxical nature of creole language politics, particularly with regard to education. Implications of such tensions for qualitative research in applied linguistics are also addressed.
Comparison of functional fibrinogen (FF/CFF) and FIBTEM in surgical patients – a retrospective study
Authors: Prüller Florian , Münch Andreas , Preininger Astrid , Raggam Reinhard Bernd , Grinschgl Yvonne , Krumnikl Jakub , Toller Wolfgang , Metzler Hellfried , Mahla Elisabeth , Mangge Harald 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFibrinogen-based clot firmness is reported as the maximum amplitude (MA) when using the citrated functional fibrinogen (CFF) assay in thrombelastography (TEG), and as the maximum clot firmness (MCF) together with several clot amplitude parameters when using the FIBTEM assay in thromboelastometry (ROTEM). Concern is currently being raised that these two tests have different platelet inhibiting performance and consequently provide different values. This is relevant for the clinical setting of fibrinogen replacement. We aim herein to compare the parameters of these two fibrinogen-based clot quality tests and their correlation with the plasma fibrinogen level as determined by the Clauss method.In total 261 whole blood samples taken from 163 clinical routine surgical patients were analyzed with TEG 5000 and ROTEM tests, and correlation with Clauss fibrinogen level was assessed.: Using TEG, the overall fibrin-based clot firmness measured in the CFF assay was significantly higher than the MCF measured by FIBTEM assay. Both assays showed significantly positive correlations with the fibrinogen levels measured using the Clauss method. However, individual values of Clauss fibrinogen concentration corresponded with different values for the two viscoelastometric tests; e.g. within the range of 1.9–2.1 g/L Clauss fibrinogen the median of CFF MA was 16.3 mm whereas FIBTEM MCF was 12.0 mm.: We showed herein by measurements of citrated whole blood samples from surgical patients that CFF MA values were different from FIBTEM MCF values measured in the same sample. Awareness that these whole blood assays provide different clot amplitude results is mandatory, particularly if they are being considered as tools for guiding fibrinogen supplementation. Thromboembolic side effects caused by a potentially too high fibrinogen substitution must also kept in mind in this context.
Nonlinear iterative algorithms for quasi contraction mapping in modular space
Authors: Moradi Robabe , Razani Abdolrahman 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce new nonlinear iterative
algorithms. These algorithms are used to study the convergence of generated iterative
sequences in modular spaces.
Moreover, we introduce a new double sequence iteration and
prove that sequences converge strongly to a fixed point of
a ρ-quasi contraction mapping in modular spaces. Finally, some
illustrative numerical examples (using the Matlab software) are
presented.
Statistical Medium Optimization for the Increased Production of Recombinant Phytase in the Fed-Batch Cultivation of Pichia pastoris
Authors: Potvin Gabriel , Li Zhi , Zhang Zisheng 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Using a 20-run central composite design, standard Basal Salt Media (BSM) was optimized for the production of recombinant phytase by Pichia pastoris in bioreactor-based fed-batch cultivations using glucose as the carbon source. The phytase activity in the supernatant of the cultures at the end of 48-hour runs was modeled as a function of the medium composition, and this model was successfully validated. Using Inductively Coupled Plasma spectroscopy (ICP), residual elements were quantified in the cultivation broth at the end of each run to confirm that differences in final cell density and enzyme activity were not due to nutrient depletion, but indeed associated with the variations in medium composition. The optimized media contains significantly lower concentration of the potassium and magnesium sources (28.7 g/l KH2PO4 and 4.8 g/l MgSO4·7H2O respectively), as well as a reduced concentration of trace salts, and based on experimental results, significantly outperforms standard media in terms of recombinant product yields under the same conditions.
Phase Equilibria and Interaction Between the CsCl–PbCl2–PbO System Components
Authors: Arkhipov Pavel A. , Zakiryanova Irina D. , Kholkina Anna S. , Bausheva Alexandra V. , Khudorozhkova Anastasia O. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Thermal analysis was applied to determine liquidus temperatures in the CsCl–PbCl2–PbO system, with the PbO concentration ranging from 0 to 20 mol%. The temperature dependence of the PbO solubility in the CsCl–PbCl2 eutectic melt was studied, and the thermodynamic parameters of the PbO dissolution were calculated. The type, morphology, and composition of oxychloride ionic groupings in the melt were determined in situ using Raman spectroscopy.