bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of Latino/a cultural values into palliative health care: A culture centered model
Authors: Adames Hector Y. , Chavez-Dueñas Nayeli Y. , Fuentes Milton A. , Salas Silvia P. , Perez-Chavez Jessica G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjective:Culture helps us grapple with, understand, and navigate the dying process. Although often overlooked, cultural values play a critical and influential role in palliative care. The purpose of the present study was two-fold: one, to review whether Latino/a cultural values have been integrated into the palliative care literature for Latinos/as; two, identify publications that provide recommendations on how palliative care providers can integrate Latino/a cultural values into the end-of-life care.Method:A comprehensive systematic review on the area of Latino/a cultural values in palliative care was conducted via an electronic literature search of publications between 1930–2013. Five articles were identified for reviewing, discussing, or mentioning Latino/a cultural values and palliative care.Results:Only one article specifically addressed Latino/a cultural values in palliative care. The four remaining articles discuss or mention cultural values; however, the cultural values were not the main focus of each article's thesis.Significance of results:The results of the current study highlight the lack of literature specifically addressing the importance of integrating Latino/a cultural values into the delivery of palliative care. As a result, this article introduces the Culture-Centered Palliative Care Model (CCPC). The article defines five key traditional Latino/a cultural values (i.e.,familismo,personalismo,respeto,confianza, anddignidad), discusses the influence of each value on palliative health care, and ends with practical recommendations for service providers. Special attention is given to the stages of acculturation and ethnic identity.
Medical oncologist's commitment in end-of-life care of cancer patients
Authors: Bascioni Romeo , Giorgi Francesca , Esperide Barbara , Brugni Manuela , Basirat Farnoosh , Rastelli Francesca , De Signoribus Giorgio , Giustini Lucio 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjective:Cancer patients and family members can feel abandoned by their oncologist at the transition to end-of-life (eoL) care. In this study, we evaluated the level of satisfaction of family caregivers when the oncology team assisted the patient until death.Methods:Two oncology units were reorganized to ensure continuity of care; oncologists trained in palliative care medicine assisted patients until death. Relatives who assisted the patient at home or at an inpatient hospice underwent a semi-structured phone interview >1 month after the patient's death. Satisfaction was measured using a five-point Likert scale ranging from very dissatisfied (score 0) to very satisfied (score 100).Results:Relatives of 65 patients were contacted, 55 accepted the interview. Patients were followed at home (41) or at an inpatient hospice (14), for 1–24 weeks (median 3 weeks). A specific question on the relevance of the oncologist having a role in EoL care produced a score of 82. The overall satisfaction score was higher than in our previous study in which a continuity of care model was not adopted, with a score improvement from 55/100 to 84/100 (p < 0.001).Significance of results:A care program where the oncologist is involved in EoL management improved the satisfaction of caregivers of cancer patients. When a longstanding and trusting relationship has been established, the connection between the patient and the oncologist should not be lost.
Mindfulness in informal caregivers of palliative patients
Authors: Kögler Monika , Brandstätter Monika , Borasio Gian Domenico , Fensterer Veronika , Küchenhoff Helmut , Fegg Martin Johannes 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectives:Mindfulness is a concept of growing impact on psychotherapy and has been shown to be effective for stress reduction and to improve psychological well-being. Existential Behavioural Therapy (EBT) was developed to support relatives of palliative care (PC) patients to cope with their situation during caregiving and bereavement. Mindfulness training was a core element of the intervention.We investigated the relationship between mindfulness, mental distress, and psychological well-being in informal caregivers, and evaluated if the effects of the intervention were mediated by mindfulness.Methods:Relatives of PC inpatients took part in a randomized-controlled EBT trial and completed the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised, items from the Five Facets of Mindfulness as well as the Brief Symptom Inventory, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the WHOQOL-BREF, a numerical rating scale on quality of life (range 0–10), and the Schedule for Meaning in Life Evaluation at pre- and post-intervention, and a 3- and 12-months follow-up.Results:One-hundred-and-thirty carers were included, most of them (71.6%) recently being bereaved at the beginning of the intervention. High correlations between mindfulness and mental distress (r = −0.51, p < 0.001) as well as life satisfaction (r = 0.52, p < 0.001) were found. Mindfulness was a significant predictor of improvement in psychological distress, meaning in life and quality of life three months after the intervention. The EBT effects were partly mediated by mindfulness.Significance of results:Mindfulness seems to be a promising concept in supporting informal caregivers of PC patients. Further research is needed to identify the required format and intensity of mindfulness practice necessary for improvement.
Structure and function of Parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase reveals aspects of RING and HECT ligases
Authors: Riley B.E. , Lougheed J.C. , Callaway K. , Velasquez M. , Brecht E. , Nguyen L. , Shaler T. , Walker D. , Yang Y. , Regnstrom K. , Diep L. , Zhang Z. , Chiou S. , Bova M. , Artis D.R. , Yao N. , Baker J. , Yednock T. , Johnston J.A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractParkin is a RING-between-RING E3 ligase that functions in the covalent attachment of ubiquitin to specific substrates, and mutations in Parkin are linked to Parkinson’s disease, cancer and mycobacterial infection. The RING-between-RING family of E3 ligases are suggested to function with a canonical RING domain and a catalytic cysteine residue usually restricted to HECT E3 ligases, thus termed ‘RING/HECT hybrid’ enzymes. Here we present the 1.58 Å structure of Parkin-R0RBR, revealing the fold architecture for the four RING domains, and several unpredicted interfaces. Examination of the Parkin active site suggests a catalytic network consisting of C431 and H433. In cells, mutation of C431 eliminates Parkin-catalysed degradation of mitochondria, and capture of an ubiquitin oxyester confirms C431 as Parkin’s cellular active site. Our data confirm that Parkin is a RING/HECT hybrid, and provide the first crystal structure of an RING-between-RING E3 ligase at atomic resolution, providing insight into this disease-related protein.
Vegetarian diet-induced increase in linoleic acid in serum phospholipids is associated with improved insulin sensitivity in subjects with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kahleova H , Matoulek M , Bratova M , Malinska H , Kazdova L , Hill M , Pelikanova T 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS:
Fatty acids are important cellular constituents that may affect many metabolic processes relevant for the development of diabetes and its complications. We showed previously that vegetarian diet leads to greater increase in metabolic clearance rate of glucose (MCR) than conventional hypocaloric diet. The aim of this secondary analysis was to explore the role of changes in fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids in diet- and exercise-induced changes in MCR in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

METHODS:
Subjects with T2D (n=74) were randomly assigned into a vegetarian group (VG, n=37) following vegetarian diet or a control group (CG, n=37) following a conventional diet. Both diets were calorie restricted (−500 kcal day–1). Participants were examined at baseline, 12 weeks of diet intervention and 24 weeks (subsequent 12 weeks of diet were combined with aerobic exercise). The fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids was measured by gas liquid chromatography. MCR was measured by hyperinsulinemic isoglycemic clamp. Visceral fat (VF) was measured by magnetic resonance imaging.

RESULTS:
Linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n6) increased in VG (P=0.04), whereas it decreased in CG (P=0.04) in response to dietary interventions. It did not change significantly after the addition of exercise in either group (group × time P<0.001). In VG, changes in 18:2n6 correlated positively with changes in MCR (r=+0.22; P=0.04) and negatively with changes in VF (r=−0.43; P=0.01). After adjustment for changes in body mass index, the association between 18:2n6 and MCR was no longer significant. The addition of exercise resulted in greater changes of phospholipid fatty acids composition in VG than in CG.

CONCLUSION:
We demonstrated that the insulin-sensitizing effect of a vegetarian diet might be related to the increased proportion of LA in serum phospholipids.
Cooperative wideband spectrum sensing in suspicious cognitive radio network
Authors: Srinu Sesham , Sabat Samrat Lagnajeet 
Published: June 2013

This study presents a cooperative wideband spectrum‐sensing technique based on the entropy of the received signal in the frequency domain. To enhance the efficiency of detection, multiple suspicious cognitive users are excluded from the network using generalised extreme studentised deviate test and sigma limit test. The performance of the proposed technique is compared with the energy detection technique under different channel environments. The simulation results demonstrate that the entropy detection method, with excluded suspicious users, has 9 dB improvement in performance compared to the energy detection technique in extremely low signal‐to‐noise ratio regime. This is a significant improvement for cognitive radio systems. The simulations were performed with false alarm probability and detection probability of 0.01 and 0.9, respectively. The hardware‐in‐the‐loop simulation of the proposed algorithm is further carried out in the Xilinx Virtex‐4 Field Programmable Gate Array.
Indirect laser-induced breakdown of transparent thin gel layer for sensitive trace element detection
Authors: Xiu Junshan , Bai Xueshi , Negre Erwan , Motto-Ros Vincent , Yu Jin 
Published: June 2013

Optical emissions from major and trace elements embodied in a transparent gel prepared from cooking oil were detected when the gel was spread in thin film on a metallic substrate and a plasma was induced on the substrate surface using nanosecond infrared pulsed laser. Such emissions are due to indirect breakdown of the coating layer. The generated plasma, a mixture of substances from the substrate, the layer, and the ambient gas, was characterized using emission spectroscopy. Temperature higher than 15 000 K determined in the plasma allows considering sensitive detection of trace elements in liquids, gels, biological samples, or thin films.
X4‐tropic human immunodeficiency virus IIIB utilizes CXCR4 as coreceptor, as distinct from R5X4‐tropic viruses
Authors: Islam Salequl , Hoque Sheikh Ariful , Adnan Nihad , Tanaka Atsushi , Jinno‐Oue Atsushi , Hoshino Hiroo 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTHuman immunodeficiency viruses initiate infections via CCR5 coreceptors and then change their tropism to C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), this change being associated with rapid disease progression. HIV‐1IIIB, a widely described pure X4‐tropic strain, is distinct from R5X4‐tropic viruses. In this study, the requirement for amino terminal regions (NTRs) of CXCR4 for entry of HIV‐1IIIB virus into host cells was examined and compared to that of R5X4‐tropic viruses. CXCR4 and its deletion mutant (CXCR4ΔNTR23; first 23 amino acids removed from NTR) were amplified to examine their coreceptor activities. NP‐2/CD4/CXCR4 and NP‐2/CD4/CXCR4ΔNTR23 cell lines were prepared accordingly. Indirect immune fluorescence assay (IFA), PCR, and reverse transcriptase (RT) activity were used to compare the process of infection of host cells by HIV‐1IIIB virus, one R5‐tropic and five other R5X4‐tropic viruses. All the R5X4‐tropic HIVs were found to utilize both CCR5 and CXCR4 but unable to use CXCR4ΔNTR23 as coreceptors. In contrast, X4‐tropic HIV‐1IIIB was found to preferentially infect through CXCR4ΔNTR23. Viral antigens in infected NP‐2/CD4/CXCR4ΔNTR23 cells were detected by IFA and confirmed by detection of proviral DNA and by performing RT assays on the spent cell‐supernatants. In dual tropic viruses, deletion of 23 amino acids from NTR abrogates the coreceptor activity of CXCR4. This observation demonstrates that NTR of CXCR4 have an obligatory coreceptor role for dual tropic viruses. However, HIV‐1IIIB may have different requirements for NTR than R5X4 viruses or may infect host cells independent of NTR of CXCR4.
Lipopolysaccharide accelerates collagen‐induced arthritis in association with rapid and continuous production of inflammatory mediators and anti‐type II collagen antibody
Authors: Tanaka Shinji , Toki Tadashi , Akimoto Toshihiko , Morishita Kaoru 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTCollagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) is an animal model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to accelerate CIA; however, the pathogenetic mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In this study, type II collagen (CII)‐immunized mice were found to have marked increases in degree of expression of mRNA of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐1β, and macrophage inflammatory protein‐2 (MIP‐2) in their arthritic paws and of serum anti‐CII antibody concentration before the onset of arthritis induced by LPS injection. The gene expression was rapid and continuous after direct activation of nuclear factor κB. The amounts of mRNA of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and MIP‐2, as well as of matrix metalloproteinases and the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand, increased with the development of arthritis, correlated positively with clinical severity and corresponded with histopathological changes. Moreover, anti‐TNF‐α neutralizing antibody inhibited the development of LPS‐accelerated CIA and a single injection of recombinant mouse TNF‐α induced increases in anti‐CII antibody concentrations, suggesting TNF‐α may contribute to the development of arthritis by both initiation of inflammation and production of autoantibodies. These data suggest that exacerbation of RA by LPS is associated with rapid and continuous production of inflammatory mediators and autoantibodies.
FORUM: Sharing or sparing? How should we grow the world's cities?
Authors: Lin Brenda B. , Fuller Richard A. 
Published: June 2013

Summary

There has long been a debate amongst conservation biologists about how agricultural land use should be distributed spatially. Advocates of land sparing argue that high‐intensity food production on small units of land will conserve more natural habitat than low‐intensity farming spread across larger areas. Others argue that less intensive production over a greater area of land will reduce the overall load of human stressors upon ecosystems.

Although agricultural and urban systems have traditionally been considered as different fields of research, there are strong parallels between the two landscapes in the patterns of their spatial configuration and the trade‐offs associated with their development. Continued and rapid urbanization, with associated losses in vegetation, highlights the need for a uniting spatial framework to assess the ecological impacts of urbanization. Here, we apply some of the thinking emerging from the agricultural land‐sparing debate to urbanization, review the similarities and differences between the two systems and set out a research agenda.

Intensification of urban systems to increase housing density leads to buildings being interspersed with small tracts of natural or semi‐natural habitat patches (e.g. forest patches, parks). Urban extensification, on the other hand, is characterized by sprawling suburbanization with less concentrated, more distributed green space, often predominantly in the form of backyard or streetscape vegetation. We argue that regional scale analyses are urgently needed to determine which of these patterns of urban growth has a lower overall impact on biodiversity and to explore the geographical and taxonomic variation in the most ecologically appropriate city layout.

Synthesis and applications. The spatial pattern of urban development will affect biodiversity conservation within and beyond a city's borders. We chart the early progress of empirical work on the land‐sparing debate in an urban context and suggest that to yield development patterns that minimize overall ecological impact, urban planners must work at the scale of at least the entire city rather than on a case‐by‐case basis.
Working alliance development in occupational therapy: A cross‐case analysis
Authors: Morrison Tricia L. , Smith J. David 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundDespite reverence afforded the therapeutic relationship construct in occupational therapy, many occupational therapists feel ill equipped to use themselves therapeutically to enhance the relationship with their clients. Furthermore, although occupational therapists often link the strength of the therapeutic relationship to therapy outcomes, related occupational therapy specific research has been limited. According to the psychotherapy literature, the working alliance is one element of the therapeutic relationship which has in fact been linked to therapy outcomes.MethodsA mixed‐methods, prospective, multiple case study approach was used to compare the experiences of the working alliance by both occupational therapists and clients across four therapeutic dyads.ResultsSeveral key elements were identified in this study's qualitative data as shaping the process of alliance development in occupational therapy including: the fostering of an interpersonal connection; the use of humour as therapeutic modality; an impetus to act that leads to functional enhancements; a shared sense of success and a positive feedback mechanism created through successfully attaining clearly delineated, client‐centred therapy goals.ConclusionsBy considering these identified elements, occupational therapists may focus upon tangible considerations towards enhanced therapeutic use‐of‐self in the development of sound working alliance with their clients potentially improving therapy outcomes.
The effect of selected hydrocolloids on the rheological properties of processed cheese analogues made with vegetable fats during the cooling phase
Authors: Hanáková Zuzana , Buňka František , Pavlínek Vladimír , Hudečková Lenka , Janiš Rahula 
Published: June 2013

The aim of this work was to observe the influence of different hydrocolloids on changes in the rheological properties of processed cheese and their analogues within the process of cooling depending on the type of the fat used (butter, coconut fat and palm oil). κ‐carrageenan, ι‐carrageenan, λ‐carrageenan, arabic gum and locust bean gum were used at a concentration of 1.0% w/w. With the decreasing temperature during the cooling period, an increase in the complex modulus (G*) was observed in all samples tested. Within the cooling period, the sample with the addition of κ‐carrageenan showed both the most significant increase in G* in comparison with the control and the highest values of hardness after a 7‐day storage period regardless of the type of the fat used. The samples with coconut fat were assessed as the hardest. On the other hand, the samples with palm oil showed the lowest hardness (with the same hydrocolloid used). In the gelling hydrocolloids (κ‐ and ι‐carrageenan), only small changes in temperature of coil‐to‐helix transition were observed (in range of 2–7 °C) as a result of the addition of different types of fat.
The effect of using an exopolysaccharide‐producing culture on the physicochemical properties of low‐fat and reduced‐fat Kasar cheeses
Authors: Şanli Tuba , Gursel Asuman , Şanli Ebru , Acar Esra , Benli Mehlika 
Published: June 2013

A mixed starter culture containing exopolysaccharide (EPS)‐producing strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus was combined with Lactobacillus helveticus LH301 and used in the manufacture of low‐fat and reduced‐fat Kasar cheeses. For comparison, low‐fat (C10) and reduced‐fat (C20) cheeses were made using EPS‐producing (EPS+) starter strain and EPS‐non‐producing (EPS−) starter strain. The physicochemical properties of the cheeses were assessed in terms of chemical composition, texture, microstructure and microbial content over 90 days. Cheeses made with EPS‐producing culture (EPS10 and EPS20) had lower protein contents than control cheeses with 10% and 20% fat in dry basis (C10 and C20). Scanning electron microscopy images showed that using EPS‐producing culture resulted in a less compact protein matrix and sponge‐like structure in the cheese samples. In general, cheeses made using EPS‐producing culture had lower total viable counts. This could be related to the reduced survivability of EPS‐producing cells in the cheese matrix during ripening due to autolysis ability.
A survey of the microbiological quality of Sharri, a hard mountain cheese from Kosovo
Authors: Rysha Agim , Markov Ksenija , Frece Jadranka , Čvek Domagoj , Delaš Frane 
Published: June 2013

The microbiological quality of a hard mountain unpasteurised sheep cheese from three randomly selected manufacturing locations in Kosovo was investigated. Forty‐eight samples of row milk, coagulum, 8–10 days ripening cheese and of ready to eat cheese (45‐days in brine) were tested. Seventy‐five per cent of raw milk samples failed to comply with EU regulation 853/2004. All of coagulum and ripened cheese failed to comply with EU regulation 2073/2005 on process hygiene criteria. Despite the high incidence of coagulase‐positive staphylococci even in the final product [>105 colony‐forming units (cfu)/g], Staphylococcal enterotoxin was detected in none of the samples and no samples were positive for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enteritidis.
Effects of Locust Bean Gum and Mono‐ and Diglyceride Concentrations on Particle Size and Melting Rates of Ice Cream
Authors: Cropper S.L. , Kocaoglu‐Vurma N.A. , Tharp B.W. , Harper W.J. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine how varying concentrations of the stabilizer, locust bean gum (LBG), and different levels of the emulsifier, mono‐ and diglycerides (MDGs), influenced fat aggregation and melting characteristics of ice cream. Ice creams were made containing MDGs and LBG singly and in combination at concentrations ranging between 0.0% to 0.14% and 0.0% to 0.23%, respectively. Particle size analysis, conducted on both the mixes and ice cream, and melting rate testing on the ice cream were used to determine fat aggregation. No significant differences (P < 0.05) were found between particle size values for experimental ice cream mixes. However, higher concentrations of both LBG and MDG in the ice creams resulted in values that were larger than the control. This study also found an increase in the particle size values when MDG levels were held constant and LBG amounts were increased in the ice cream. Ice creams with higher concentrations of MDG and LBG together had the greatest difference in the rate of melting than the control. The melting rate decreased with increasing LBG concentrations at constant MDG levels. These results illustrated that fat aggregation may not only be affected by emulsifiers, but that stabilizers may play a role in contributing to the destabilization of fat globules.