bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Dark Side of the “Secular”: Is the Religious-Secular Distinction a Binary?
Authors: Balagangadhara S. N. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractRecent scholarship claims to have revealed the problematic nature of the religious-secular distinction: (1) the distinction is slippery or fluid; (2) the meanings of the words “religious” and “secular” have changed over multiple historical contexts; (3) the distinction is a binary; (4) it is essentialist in nature. Analyzing these objections, the article shows that it is very difficult to find a clear problem statement. To whom is the religious-secular distinction a problem and why? The distinction was originally made within Christian theology, where it concerned a triad rather than a binary: true religion, false religions, and the secular. The notion of the secular always required the presence of the opposition between truth and falsity in religion, because it was the sphere that remained after true and false religion had been demarcated. In this sense, the secular had a “dark side,” namely, idolatry or false religion. To a Christian believer, there is no conceptual problem involved in making the religious-secular distinction, because his or her theology helps him specify what true and false religion are and, as a consequence, what the secular is. However, because of its neutrality in religious matters, the liberal state has tried to reduce the theological triad to a binary opposition between religion and the secular. The inevitable failure of this attempt has created a formless secular sphere that is haunted by its dark side: the notion of false religion.
Gandhi, Conversion, and the Equality of Religions: More Experiments with Truth
Authors: Claerhout Sarah 
Published: February 2014

AbstractEven though Gandhi is often cited in the debate on religious conversion in India, his viewpoints have not been systematically analyzed. One reason is that his writings present a confounding blend of concepts derived from different traditions. The article argues that this fact provides a unique entry point into Gandhi’s thought. By looking for systematic patterns in his distortive use of English-language terms and ideas, the background ideas that have structured his reasoning can be traced. The conceptual distortions in Gandhi’s writings are shaped by these ideas, which reflect typical Indian attitudes and modes of thought on the question of religion and conversion. Analyzing his writings in this way not only allows for an explanation of his views on religion and his antagonism to conversion, but also clarifies the widespread unease towards Christian proselytism in contemporary India.
The Dynamics of China’s Accession to the WTO: Counting Sense, Coalitions and Constructs
Authors: Blanchard Jean-Marc F. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article probes China’s admission to the World Trade Organization (WTO). China’s WTO accession deserves further analysis because much of the extant literature is divorced from the international relations (IR) literature. Moreover, while past analyses have considered external and internal factors shaping China’s stance towards joining the WTO, they have rarely gone beyond this to probing when particular variables mattered more. For its part, research that emphasises domestic factors falls short because it often treats such factors generically or fails to detail the path through which they affect issue identification, policy construction and implementation. This article addresses these lacunas by conducting a theoretically informed study of China’s WTO accession. While traditional interest-, power- and idea-based IR approaches to international governmental organisations (IGOs) capture various aspects of the story of China’s effort to join the WTO, they miss other critical features. This article argues that a leader-oriented cost-benefit model best explains China’s continued quest to become a WTO member, its aggressive pursuit of accession in the second half of the 1990s, and its willingness to tolerate very demanding WTO entry terms.
Mainland China and Taiwan Face to Face in the WTO: A 10-Year Rollercoaster Ride
Authors: Winkler Sigrid 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article traces the interactions between Taiwan and China in the World Trade Organization with regard to Chinese concerns about Taiwan’s sovereignty and the application of the “one China” principle. The analysis proceeds in three stages: first, both parties’ simultaneous accession negotiations; second, continued sovereignty-related disputes after the accession; and third, Taiwan’s accession to the WTO’s Government Procurement Agreement. The article uses cost/benefit calculations to explain the Chinese and Taiwanese attitudes in their encounters within the WTO framework. The decision-making bodies in the WTO had decided that Taiwan could only accede after China, while agreeing that then Taiwan should become a separate member, independent from China. After this decision, China could have only stopped Taiwan’s accession by letting go of the opportunity to become itself a WTO member. China needed to balance its own wish to join the trade body with its desire to block a Taiwanese entry on sovereignty grounds, therefore from China’s perspective, opposition to Taiwan’s WTO participation became a cost/benefit calculation. Once both Taiwan and China had entered the organisation, China’s means to put pressure on the organisation improved, it could at a much lesser cost influence decisions on Taiwan’s status within the organisation.
Public Morals with Chinese Characteristics: Explaining China’s Adoption of WTO Rules
Authors: Huang Chieh 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article examines China’s compliance with World Trade Organization (WTO) law in the field of publications control from an empirical and theoretical perspective. The study of publications control — a policy field of critical concern to China’s Communist government — highlights the competing interests and ideas over ‘liberalisation’ and ‘state control’ within the Chinese leadership and within WTO circles. The article, first, describes these competing and historically shifting interests and ideas in the case of a recent landmark WTO dispute on publications control and, second, uses two apparently distinct IR theoretical approaches to explain China’s behaviour during the dispute. The article argues that neither an interest-oriented approach nor an idea-centred approach by themselves can explain Chinese political decision-making. The article proposes a combination of two particular views that help to explain the dispute examined but also China’s interactions with the WTO more generally.
Mapping Monotheism: Modes of Monotheistic Rhetoric in the Hebrew Bible
Authors: Lynch Matthew J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Several biblical traditions give expression to Yhwh’s sole divinity in ways utterly unlike the “classic” expressions of monotheism in Deuteronomy, Deutero-Isaiah, or Jeremiah. Priestly literature, for example, does not deny explicitly the existence of other gods, or assert Yhwh’s sole existence. Instead, priestly writers portray a world in which none but Yhwh could meaningfully exist or act. While some biblical scholars have recognized this “implicit” mode of monotheistic rhetoric, the implications of this and other modes of monotheistic rhetoric for a broader understanding of biblical monotheism have gone unappreciated. In this article, I create a taxonomy of various “explicit” and “implicit” modes of monotheizing in the Hebrew Bible. Then, I consider several implications of these diverse modes for understanding the variegated shape of biblical monotheism, and for using the Hebrew Bible to reconstruct monotheism’s history.
Abundance of three species of Isopoda (Peracarida, Isopoda) associated with a coral reef environment in Pacific Mexico
Authors: Cruz-García Roberto , Cupul-Magaña Amilcar L. , Hendrickx Michel E. , Rodríguez-Troncoso Alma P. 
Published: February 2014

Fragments of dead coral belonging toPocilloporaLamarck, 1816 were used during a 1-year period as artificial micro-habitats and positioned at a coral reef community at Islas Marietas, Bahía Banderas, on the west coast of Mexico, to attract and capture isopods. Three species of isopods, totaling 961 specimens were collected. The dominant species wasJoeropsis dubia(Menzies, 1951) (Joeropsididae) (83.03% of the total number of specimens), followed byCalifanthura squamosissima(Menzies, 1951) (Paranthuridae) (9.78%), andParacerceis sculpta(Holmes, 1904) (Sphaeromatidae) (7.18%). The average density of isopods was of 12.0 × 10−2ind. ⋅ cm−2. A positive relationship between water temperature and total density of individuals during the sampling period was found. Annual water temperature changes influenced the abundance of each species in a similar way, with the higher abundances associated to the lower temperatures, which is also related to an increase in primary productivity and the presence of upwellings in the area.
Histopathology of the rice root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola, on Oryza sativa and O. glaberrima
Authors: Cabasan Ma. Teodora Nadong , Kumar Arvind , Bellafiore Stéphane , De Waele Dirk 
Published: February 2014

The root-knot nematode,Meloidogyne graminicola, can cause substantial rice yield losses. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to this nematode species in known resistant rice genotypes may help to improve rice genotypes, aiming at developing and implementing environment-friendly and cost-effective nematode management strategies. Using susceptible and resistant rice genotypes, a comparative analysis of histological response mechanisms was made during two phases of the nematode colonisation:i) root penetration; andii) subsequent establishment and development byM. graminicolasecond-stage juveniles (J2). Two types of defence response mechanisms could be distinguished in the resistant rice genotypes. The early defence response consisted of a hypersensitive response (HR)-like reaction in the early stage of infection characterised by necrosis of cells directly affected by nematode feeding. This HR-like reaction was observed only in theM. graminicola-resistantOryza glaberrimagenotypes and not in theM. graminicola-susceptibleO. sativagenotypes. The late defence response took place after the induction of giant cells by the J2. Giant cells usually collapsed and degenerated before J2 developed into adults. Structural features of the roots of the susceptibleO. sativashowed greater root and stele diam. and cortex thickness than the resistantO. glaberrimagenotypes. Desired features of plants with resistance toM. graminicolaelucidated in this study can be used for selection of plants for breeding programmes.
Padico Holding: Developing Responsiveness through Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Dawoudi Dahouk , Sabella Anton 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe field of business ethics is an area of growth, both in the business and education sectors in the Arab world, including Palestine. But most research on this subject has been carried out in the USA and Europe, which gives most of the issues related to this field a distinctively American or European character. As an alternative, this case attempts to shed the light on a wide range of socio-economic, educational and business issues that are typically encountered in Palestine and to explain innovative approaches to resolving key dilemmas related to resolving the skill shortage that affects the competitiveness of Palestinian enterprises. It will do so by looking at Padico Holding, a pioneer in developing a creative program adapted to the enterprise sector’s needs. The case draws its analysis from international theories and concepts by explaining Padico’s sense of responsibility towards community inspired by Kant’s ethics of duty, which is demonstrated in its business societal orientation built around the “stakeholder model.”
Himalayan Highways: STS, the Spatial Fix, and Socio-Cultural Shifts in the Land of Zomia
Authors: Murton Galen 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
As China and India build modern highways through the Tibet-Nepal borderlands, traditional livelihoods, land use patterns, and trade relations are rapidly changing for numerous highland communities across the Trans-Himalaya interface. In response to recently opened border crossings, various social and market networks have (re)emerged, transforming the parameters of mobility for the populations of High Asia. New roads are critical to these transformations.
Merging Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Marxist analytics to unpack the “black-box” of roads, this study asks two main questions: what are the factors at play in this socio-cultural and geopolitical transition in the Trans-Himalaya borderlands, and how can roads be thought of as technological objects central to this dynamic? After situating the study in the conceptual framework of Zomia, I then draw on Actor Network Theory (ANT), co-production, and the spatial fix to analyze two contemporary trans-border road development projects in Sikkim, India and Mustang, Nepal.
Hawaiʻi in the Twenty First Century, the Age of Globalization
Authors: Redden John Thomas 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Hawaiʻi has been subject to globalization of one form or another since the first Polynesians arrived in their small ships with enough supplies to colonize what we now name the Hawaiʻian Islands. In this article I will first give a brief history and define, in basic terms, the forces of globalization as they affect the Islands. Following that is a fundamental presentation of class, race and economics of the Islands, and then a brief survey of the agriculture and food sources local to the Islands with an emphasis on the Big Island of Hawaiʻi. Lastly, there is a description of the forces that tend to be counter hegemons of globalization in the Hawaiʻian Islands.
Surviving the Future: Mexican Health Policies and Deceitfulness of Universal Coverage in the State of Puebla, México
Authors: Berruecos Luis 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Two years ago, the Governor of the Mexican State of Puebla declared that his State was fully covered by health services, which is not true. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Mexican Constitution, health is one of the most important human rights for every citizen. However, according to our statistics, many indigenous communities of that State are still waiting for those services, even though the budget designated for that purpose has been incremented ten times in the last seven years. Since I have been working for years in the highlands of the northern part of the State, I will prove that medical services are not covering the total population, which means that the future survival of these people is rather grim.
A Phenomenological Analysis of Anxiety as Experienced in Social Situations
Authors: Beck Timothy J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this study, three individual descriptions of anxiety as experienced in social situations were analyzed so that a general structure representing social anxiety could potentially be obtained. The descriptions analyzed produced results that not only overlapped with already existing literature from various perspectives on the topic, but also highlighted certain key factors that have largely been unaccounted for by prior studies. By utilizing the Descriptive Phenomenological Method in Psychology (Giorgi, 2009), these factors were brought to light in more depth and clarity than if the same phenomenon were studied using a third person approach. Specifically, six constituents of social anxiety were revealed; including factors related to inter-subjectivity, the relationship between fear and anxiety, and the relationship between desire and self-lack.
To the Margins. On the Spatiality of Klee’s Art
Authors: Figal Günter 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
With reference mainly to Paul Klee’s Ad marginem from 1930 (reworked 1935/36), this article focuses on space—namely, on the question of how space can be made visible as such. Having figures, lines, and the background establishing an intense interplay of transparency, Klee’s work refrains from displaying the mere spatiality of objects. It is this interplay of transparent figures entangled with their background that are withdrawing but not disappearing that creates an empty space that is as such limited and unoccupied. Compared to a (Japanese Zen-) garden, the idea of limiting and simultaneously making visible an eminent openness is stressed. Referring, furthermore, to observations like Rilke’s poem Shawl or to Toyo Ito’s comments on Klee’s work, this article aims to display the eminent space character becoming visible in the painter’s œuvre.
Transcoding Kant: Kracauer’s Weimar Marxism and After
Authors: Wayne Mike 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Kracauer’s rehabilitation in the 1990s sidelined his Marxist framework of the middle-to-late Weimar era in favour of the then still dominant if decaying paradigms of poststructuralism and postmodernism. It was also silent on the relationship between Kant and Marxism in Kracauer’s work. This essay addresses these weaknesses by arguing that Kracauer transcoded the structure of Kant’s ‘problematic’ around reification into a Marxist framework in the middle-to-late Weimar period. The essay considers how Kracauer conceived the mass ornament (photography and film especially) as a site of reification and critical pedagogy. It explores his strategies of de-reification and their overlap with Walter Benjamin and the ruptures and continuities between the radical Weimar work and his later Theory of Film. The essay argues that the Theory of Film can be better understood as a transcoding of Kant’s philosophy of the aesthetic in the third Critique into the film camera itself, although the Marxian framework of the Weimar period is now considerably attenuated.
African Countries’ Political Independence at Fifty: In Search of Democracy, Peace and Social Justice*
Authors: wa Muiu Mueni 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
What lessons can we draw from the past fifty years of political independence in African countries? Which mistakes can we avoid in the future? Can there be peace without social justice? Four mistakes must be avoided if democracy, peace and social justice are to be achieved in African countries. Drawing on lessons from Central, East, North, West and Southern Africa, I use Fundi wa Africa – a multidisciplinary approach based on a long term historical perspective to argue that individual nationhood (the first mistake) has not resulted in democracy and peace. Only Pan-Africanism (based on the needs and interests of Africans as they define them) will lead to democracy and peace. The second mistake is that leading international financial institutions (IFI) and some Africans assume that democracy has to be introduced to Africa. This assumption is based on the belief that Africans and their culture have nothing to contribute to their own development. As a result liberal democracy is promoted by these agencies as the only option available for African countries. The third mistake is the belief that a colonial state which was developed to fulfill the market and labor needs of colonial powers can lead to democracy and peace for Africans. The fourth mistake is African leaders’ and their supporters’ conviction that neither African intellectuals nor women have any place in African development and may only be given symbolic positions. Without economic independence, the political gains of the past fifty years will be lost. The founding fathers and mothers of Africa’s freedom fought and achieved political independence, but it is up to the next generation to strive for economic empowerment. Only then will African countries cease to be homes for bankrupt ideas as they are freed from conflict and hunger.
English Language and Skill Mismatch: The Case of South Korea.*
Authors: Park Kihong 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Most prior research addressing the topic of job mismatch focuses on educational mismatch, while the economic analysis of skills-job mismatch in terms of skill utilization has received relatively little attention in the literature. Using the 2007 Korea Labor and Income Panel Survey (KLIPS), this paper examines the impact on wages of skills-job mismatch between acquired and required English language proficiency in the Korean workplace. The major findings confirm the validity of the assignment theory proposed by Sattinger (1993), which asserts that the returns to additional investment in human capital appear to depend in part on the quality of the assignment of heterogeneous workers to heterogeneous jobs, and thus returns to investment in skills are limited by how well jobs exploit workers’ skills. Specifically, the results are first, that skills-job mismatch based on English language job requirements has a strong statistically significant impact on wages, second, that the returns to over-skilling are negative (the wage penalty), while the returns to under-skilling are positive (the wage premium), and third, that the wage penalty associated with over-skilling is stronger than the wage premium associated with under-skilling.
Democratization in Malawi: Responding to International and Domestic Pressures
Authors: Emmanuel Nikolas G. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Donors hope that their foreign aid can be influential, far beyond the development projects that they fund. Frequently, aid providers attach political conditions to their monies in the hope that these demands can serve as catalysts to improve the governance in the recipient. This is called a political conditionality approach. Few countries have felt the weight of conditionality as much as Malawi did in the 1990s. Here, donors were able to use aid sanctions to successfully encourage democratization, while strengthening the demands of domestic opposition forces. This paper argues that three factors were critical in this process: 1) aid dependency, 2) donor coordination, and 3) a strong and persistent domestic opposition. With their combined weight, foreign donors and Malawian civil society were able to change the tide in this once highly authoritarian country.
The Practice of Pluralism: Jeffrey Stout and Abraham Kuyper on Religion and Civil Solidarity
Authors: Bennett Kyle David , Nikolajsen Jeppe Bach 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe concept of solidarity plays a significant role within the discursive framework of modern social philosophy. This article points to the notion that solidarity is central to North American philosopher Jeffrey Stout and Dutch theologian Abraham Kuyper’s respective visions for civil society. The article proposes that framing civil society under the category of solidarity is something to be affirmed, as is the quest for a space in which religious pluralism can be encouraged and facilitated. Thus, the article proposes that Christian theologians would do well to lean on a contemporary voice such as Stout, an ally in assessing and critiquing secular liberalism’s prospects in our own day, and Kuyper, a provider of rich theological resources for advancing Stout’s general project, although with some qualification. Both can move the conversation regarding religion and civil society forward. Stoutians and Kuyperians can benefit from this exchange as well. Stoutians can glean several insights from Kuyperians as they consider possible religious resources for moving toward a civil solidarity that embraces religious voices. Kuyperians can find a contemporary North American interlocutor for developing their notion of principled pluralism in civil society.
Urartian Bronze Helmets
Authors: Castelluccia Manuel , Dan Roberto 
Published: February 2014

AbstractMany of the sizeable inventory of Urartian bronze objects are unfortunately unprovenanced objects, which strongly limits our understanding of such Urartian metalwork. This article is devoted to one class of bronze artifacts – helmets – and takes into consideration only those of certain and recognized provenance. The authors also briefly describe some helmets from neighboring regions, such as Transcaucasia and northern Iran, which possess similar features, in order to highlight similarities and differences.