bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Kora Pacemaker is Safe and Effective for Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Savouré Arnaud , Mechulan Alexis , Burban Marc , Olivier Audrey , Lazarus Arnaud 
Published: August 2015

Background The impact of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on pacemakers is potentially hazardous. We present clinical results from a novel MRI conditional pacing system with the capability to switch automatically to asynchronous mode in the presence of a strong magnetic field. Aims The IKONE ( Assessment of the MRI solution: KORA 100™ and Beflex™ pacing leads system) study is an open-label, prospective, multicenter study aimed at confirming the safety and effectiveness of the system, when used in patients undergoing MRI of anatomical regions excluding the chest. Methods Primary eligibility criteria included patients implanted with the system, with or without a clinically indicated MRI. The primary endpoint was to confirm no significant change in pacing capture thresholds at 1 month after an MRI, with an absolute difference of ≤0.75 V between the pre- and 1-month post-MRI for both atrial and ventricular capture thresholds. Results Out of 33 patients enrolled (mean age: 72.8 ± 11.4 years, 70% male, implant indication or device), 29 patients implanted with the MRI conditional system underwent an MRI 6-8 week postimplant. The study reached its primary endpoint: the mean absolute difference in pacing capture threshold at 1-month post-MRI versus pre-MRI was less than 0.75 V in the atrium (Δ = 0.18 ± 0.16 V, P-value <0.001) and in the ventricle (Δ = 0.18 ± 0.22 V, P-value <0.001). There were no adverse events related to the MRI procedure nor were there reports of patient symptoms or discomfort associated. MR image quality was of diagnostic quality in all patients. Conclusion Lead electrical performance as measured by difference in capture thresholds were not impacted by MRI. This first clinical evaluation of a novel MRI conditional system demonstrates it is safe and effective for use in out-of-chest, 1.5-T MR imaging.
Continuing Assessment of the 5-Day Sodium Carbonate-Ammonium Nitrate Extraction Assay as an Indicator Test for Silicon Fertilizers
Authors: Zellner Wendy , Friedrich Russell L , Kim Sujin , Sturtz Douglas , Frantz Jonathan , Altland James , Krause Charles 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The 5-day sodium carbonate-ammonium nitrate extraction assay (5-day method) has been recognized by the American Association of Plant Food Control Officials as a validated test method to identify fertilizers or beneficial substances that provide plant-available silicon (Si). The test method used the molybdenum blue colorimetric assay to quantify percentage Si; however, laboratories may use inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) for elemental analysis. To examine the use of either colorimetric or ICP-OES methods for Si determination, the 5-day method was performed on the following Si-containing compounds; wollastonite, sand, biochar, and a basic oven furnace (BOF) slag. Grow-out studies using Zinnia elegans were also performed using varying rates of the wollastonite, biochar, and BOF slag. Our results show using the 5-day method, wollastonite had the highest extracted amounts of silicic acid (H4SiO4) at 4% followed by biochar (2%), BOF slag (1%), and sand (0%). Extraction values calculated using either the molybdenum blue colorimetric assay or ICP-OES for detection of the H4SiO4 had a significant correlation, supporting the application of either detection method for this type of analysis. However, when extracted values were compared to amounts of Si taken up by the plants, the 5-day method overestimated both wollastonite and biochar. While this method is a valid indicator test for determining a soluble Si source, other plant species and methods should be perused to potentially provide more quantitative analyses for plant-available Si content of all materials.
Optimized Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Method and High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection for Simultaneous Determination of Sorbic and Benzoic Acids and Evaluation of Contamination of These Preservatives in Iranian Foods
Authors: Javanmardi Fardin , Arefhosseini Seyyed Rafie , Ansarin Masood , Nemati Mahboob 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A rapid, simple, and sensitive dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction procedure followed by HPLC-UV was applied to determine the benzoate and sorbate in foods. The method was optimized for some variables including extraction solvent type and volume, dispersing solvent type and volume, and the effects of salt and pH. Optimum conditions were determined as follows: sample volume, 5 mL; extraction solvent (chloroform) volume, 250 μL; disperser solvent (acetone) volume, 1.2 mL; NaCl amount, 0.75 g/5 mL at pH 4. Sixty samples were analyzed, including 15 doogh, 15 fruit juice, 15 cookie, and 15 tomato paste; benzoic acid was detected in 57 samples (95%) at levels up to 448.1 μg/mL and sorbic acid in 31 samples (51.6%) at levels up to 1369 μg/mL. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the LOD and LOQ were determined as 0.1 and 0.5 μg/mL for benzoate and 0.08 and 0.3 μg/mL for sorbate, respectively. The results showed that these preservatives are commonly used at high levels in yogurt drinks (dooghs) and cookies. Also, the concentration of benzoic acid that was detected in the tomato paste and fruit juice samples was low but may affect children and sensitive persons.
Delirium in the elderly in intensive care units: an integrative literature review
Authors: De Barros Marcia Abath Aires , De Oliveira Figueirêdo Danielle Samara Tavares , Fernandes Maria das Graças Melo , Ramalho Neto José Melquiades , Macêdo-Costa Kátia Neyla de Freitas 
Published: August 2015

Objetivo: Realizar um levantamento acerca do delirium em idosos em Unidade de Terapia intensiva (UTI). Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura, nas bases de dados, MEDLINE e IBECS, em maio de 2012, cujos critérios de inclusão foram ser publicado entre maio de 2007 a maio de 2012, disponibilidade na íntegra e nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados: Foram encontrados 68 produções e selecionados 16, as quais foram categorizados em: 1) Incidência e prevalência de delirium em Idosos na UTI; 2) Fatores de risco precipitantes e predisponentes do delirium em idosos na UTI e 3) Estratégias de prevenção de fatores de risco modificáveis do delirium em idosos nas UTIs. Conclusão: A produção científica acerca do delirium no Brasil é incipiente, os profissionais de saúde, especialmente da enfermagem, necessitam melhorar o reconhecimento desta síndrome e implementar estratégias de prevenção dos fatores de risco para delirium.
Strategies for joining to the treatment for seropositive pregnant women to human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Pereira Fabiani Weiss , Kleinubing Raquel Einloft , Ilha Silomar , Gomes Giovana Calcagno , De Souza Michele Bulhosa 
Published: August 2015

Objetivo: Identificar as estratégias que os profissionais utilizam para auxiliar na adesão ao tratamento de gestantes soropositivas para o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva de caráter qualitativo desenvolvida com dez profissionais que atuam em um Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento no sul do Brasil. Os dados, coletados no período de maio de 2010 por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, foram submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: Os resultadosapontaram como estratégias ações de acolhimento, visando a inclusão dessas gestantes no serviço e a aproximação com a equipe; a realização de atividades grupais e a busca ativa das faltosas, respeitando sua autonomia e preservando seu sigilo. Conclusão: Concluiu-se que para a adesão ao tratamento é necessário que a equipe esteja envolvida no atendimento de forma interdisciplinar, humanizada e qualificada, podendo o enfermeiro ser o articulador das ações. Descritores: HIV, Gestantes, Profissionais da saúde, Enfermagem.
Nursing interventions for children and adolescents with câncer during the chemotherapy treatment
Authors: Dos Santos Thaís Regina Araújo , De Souza Sônia Regina 
Published: August 2015

RESUMO Objetivos: Identificar, a partir da produção científica, as ações de enfermagem para crianças e adolescentes durante o tratamento de quimioterapia; Classificar as ações de enfermagem, identificadas na literatura, de acordo com os domínios da Taxonomia NIC (Intervenções de Enfermagem); Compor um quadro referencial com as principais Intervenções de Enfermagem, segundo a Taxonomia NIC, para crianças e adolescentes durante o tratamento quimioterápico. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que tem o objetivo de identificar as intervenções de enfermagem à criança e ao adolescente com câncer durante o tratamento quimioterápico. Resultados: Foram identificadas dez ações de enfermagem. Estas foram classificadas de acordo com os domínios da Taxonomia NIC (Intervenções de Enfermagem). Conclusão: A intervenção psicológica, o apoio dos profissionais e a presença da família junto à criança e/ou ao adolescente geram resultados positivos durante o tratamento e depois do fim do mesmo. O principal foco da presente pesquisa é mostrar que a assistência de enfermagem prestada às crianças e aos adolescentes com câncer não deve se limitar a atender somente o corpo biológico, mas também considerá-los como seres em crescimento e desenvolvimento. Descritores: Assistência de Enfermagem, Criança/Adolescente, Quimioterapia.
Cervical spinal cord injuries associated with resuscitation from fatal circulatory collapse
Authors: Miyata Kei , Mikami Takeshi , Koyanagi Izumi , Mikuni Nobuhiro , Narimatsu Eichi 
Published: August 2015

IntroductionFatal cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) associated with collapse of the circulatory and/or respiratory system usually consists of high cervical SCI caused by high‐energy trauma. As the elderly population grows, however, the etiology of fatal SCI may be changing. The aim of the present study was to understand the current clinical features of fatal SCI.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed on 73 consecutive patients with acute cervical SCI between 2007 and 2013. Fourteen (19%) of them presented in a state of coma due to severe circulatory collapse after cardiac arrest (CA, n = 11) or respiratory arrest (RA, n = 3), and were resuscitated at the scene or hospital. The clinical features and radiological findings of these 14 patients were compared with those of the other 59.ResultsEleven of the 14 fatal SCI patients were injured by minor traumas. Computed tomography revealed C1‐2 fractures or dislocations in 11 patients and subaxial injuries in three patients. Eleven patients showed some kind of ossification of the spinal column ligaments. In a univariate analysis, the predictive factors associated with fatal circulatory collapse were age (P = 0.02), estimated C1/2 injury (P < 0.0001), and complete tetraplegia (P < 0.0001). In a multiple regression model for fatality, the odds ratios (OR) for C1/2 injury and ASIA impairment score (AIS) A were 20.58 (P = 0.006) and 151.97 (P = 0.002).ConclusionsA state of unconsciousness with fatal circulatory collapse was significantly associated with C1/2 injury and AIS A. Moreover, our data show that fatal SCI can occur due to minor trauma in elderly people.
Structure of Nanochannel Entrances in Stopcock‐Functionalized Zeolite L Composites
Authors: Tabacchi Gloria , Fois Ettore , Calzaferri Gion 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMultifunctional hybrid materials are obtained by modifying zeolite L (ZL) with stopcock molecules, consisting of a tail group that can enter the ZL nanochannels and a head group too large to pass the channel opening. However, to date no microscopic‐level structural information on modified ZL materials has been reported. Herein we draw atomistic pictures of channel openings and stopcock‐functionalized ZL based on first‐principles calculations. We elucidate the interactions of the tail group with the inner surface of ZL channels and the space‐filling properties of the stopcocks, revealing cork‐ or lid‐sealing modes. Water is essential to obtain stable modifications. AlOH groups are the preferred modification sites, bipodal modifications suffer from strain, and tripod binding is ruled out. Our results suggest the viability of recursive functionalization by cross‐linking.
Identification of 1H‐indene‐(1,3,5,6)‐tetrol derivatives as potent pancreatic lipase inhibitors using molecular docking and molecular dynamics approach
Authors: Kalathiya Umesh , Padariya M. , Baginski M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPancreatic lipase is a potential therapeutic target to treat diet‐induced obesity in humans, as obesity‐related diseases continue to be a global problem. Despite intensive research on finding potential inhibitors, very few compounds have been introduced to clinical studies. In this work, new chemical scaffold 1H‐indene‐(1,3,5,6)‐tetrol was proposed using knowledge‐based approach, and 36 inhibitors were derived by modifying its functional groups at different positions in scaffold. To explore binding affinity and interactions of ligands with protein, CDOCKER and AutoDock programs were used for molecular docking studies. Analyzing results of rigid and flexible docking algorithms, inhibitors C_12, C_24, and C_36 were selected based on different properties and high predicted binding affinities for further analysis. These three inhibitors have different moieties placed at different functional groups in scaffold, and to characterize structural rationales for inhibitory activities of compounds, molecular dynamics simulations were performed (500 nSec). It has been shown through simulations that two structural fragments (indene and indole) in inhibitor can be treated as isosteric structures and their position at binding cleft can be replaced by each other. Taking into account these information, two lines of inhibitors can further be developed, each line based on a different core scaffold, that is, indene/indole.
Development of a functional assay to detect inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum glutathione reductase utilizing liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Authors: Burkard Lexi , Scheuermann Alexis , Simithy Johayra , Calderón Angela I. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPlasmodium falciparum (Pf) like most other organisms, has a sophisticated antioxidant system, part of which includes glutathione reductase (GR). GR works by recycling toxic glutathione disulfide to glutathione, thereby reducing reactive oxygen species and making a form of glutathione (GSH) the parasite can use. Inhibition of this enzyme in Pf impedes parasite growth. In addition, it has been confirmed that PfGR is not identical to human GR. Thus, PfGR is an excellent target for antimalarial drug development. A functional assay utilizing liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was developed to specifically identify and evaluate inhibitors of PfGR. Using recombinant PfGR enzyme and 1,4‐naphthoquinone (1) as a reference compound and 4‐nitrobenzothiadiazole (2) and methylene blue (3) as additional compounds, we quantified the concentration of GSH produced compared with a control to determine the inhibitory effect of these compounds. Our results coincide with that presented in literature: compounds 1–3 inhibit PfGR with IC50 values of 2.71, 8.38, and 19.23 µm, respectively. Good precision for this assay was exhibited by low values of intraday and interday coefficient of variation (3.1 and 2.4%, respectively). Thus, this assay can be used to screen for other potential inhibitors of PfGR quickly and accurately. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(Chemotaxonomic) Implications of Postharvest/Storage‐Induced Changes in Plant Volatile Profiles – the Case of Artemisia absinthium L. Essential Oil
Authors: Blagojević Polina D. , Radulović Niko S. , Skropeta Danielle 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe plant volatile profile and the essential‐oil chemical composition change during the storage of plant material. The objective of this study was to develop a mathematical model able to predict, explain, and quantify these changes. Mathematical equations, derived under the assumption that the essential oil contained within plant material could be treated as an ideal solution (Raoult's law), were applied for tracking of postharvest changes in the volatile profile of Artemisia absinthium L. (the essential oils were analyzed by GC‐FID and GC/MS). Starting from a specific chemical composition of an essential‐oil sample obtained from plant material after a short drying period (typically 5–10 d), and by using the equations derived from this model, one could easily predict evaporation‐induced changes in the volatile profile of the plant material. Based on the composition of the essential‐oil sample obtained after a given storage time t, it is possible to identify those components that were involved in chemical reactions, both as reactants and possible products. The established model even allowed the recognition of pairs of transformation, i.e., ‘daughter’ products and their ‘parent’ compounds. The obtained results highlight that the essential‐oil composition is highly dependent on the storage period of any plant material and urges caution in different types of phytochemical studies, especially chemotaxonomic ones, or practical application.
Fatty‐Acid Composition of Seeds and Chemotaxonomic Evaluation of Sixteen Sapindaceae Species
Authors: Coutinho Diogenes J. Gusmão , Barbosa Mariana O. , Silva Rejane M. , da Silva Suzene I. , de Oliveira Antonio Fernando M. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractCircumscriptions for the Sapindaceae family and its infrafamilial relationships have been widely discussed. Certain groups are highly morphologically similar; thus, it is difficult to identify certain taxa. DNA Analyses have also indicated complex phylogenetic relationships, and it is difficult to relate such analyses to morphological data. Given the above concerns, this study aimed to investigate the fatty‐acid profiles of the seed oils of 16 Sapindaceae species belonging to five tribes and to evaluate their potential chemotaxonomic significance. In total, eleven fatty acids were identified, and eicosenoic acid predominated in nine species. Multivariate analyses (principal component and cluster analyses) of the fatty‐acid profiles of the seed oils allowed to separate them in two major clusters. The first cluster, characterized by oils with high eicosenoic acid levels, included all species belonging to the Paullinieae tribe (Cardiospermum, Paullinia, and Serjania species). In the second main cluster, the chemical similarity of the oils was lower, and the species belonged to different tribes. Nevertheless, the tree investigated Allophylus species (Thouinieae tribe) constituted a separate subcluster. Thus, the results showed that the fatty‐acid composition of the seed oils of Sapindaceae species provide chemotaxonomic support for the separation of the Paullinieae tribe from the other tribes studied.
Five New Guaiane Sesquiterpenes from the Endophytic Fungus Xylaria sp. YM 311647 of Azadirachta indica
Authors: Huang Rong , Xie Xiao‐Song , Fang Xiao‐Wei , Ma Kai‐Xia , Wu Shao‐Hua 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFive new guaiane sesquiterpenes, 1–5, were isolated from the culture broth of the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp. YM 311647, isolated from Azadirachta indica A. Juss. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, and their inhibitory activities against five pathogenic fungi were evaluated. All guaiane sesquiterpenes showed moderate or weak antifungal activities in a broth microdilution assay.
Kinetics of Catalytic Oxidation of Sulfite in Diluted Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Opletal Michal , Novotný Petr , Rejl František J. , Moucha Tomáš , Kordač Michal 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe reaction kinetics for low concentrations of sulfite close to the stoichiometric ration of oxygen was investigated in a rapid‐mixing apparatus. Air‐ or pure oxygen‐saturated solution containing the catalyst was mixed with aqueous sulfite solution. Mixing ratios with stoichiometric excess of dissolved oxygen were tested. Reaction orders for sulfite, oxygen, and a Co(II) catalyst from literature were confirmed in the tested concentration range. The apparent kinetic constant and activation energy data are presented. The high importance of proper mixing of the two reacting solutions is reported, which was revealed during the development of the precise experimental technique providing reliable kinetic data.
Mass Transfer from Single Taylor Bubbles in Minichannels
Authors: Kastens Sven , Hosoda Shogo , Schlüter Michael , Tomiyama Akio 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMass transfer from single CO2 Taylor bubbles in vertical minichannels was measured for various channel hydraulic diameters Dh. The effects of channel geometries on the mass transfer were also investigated by using square ducts and circular pipes. Bubble rising velocities, vB, in the ducts were much faster than those in the pipes due to large liquid flow areas in the corners of the ducts. The values of mass transfer coefficients in the pipes were almost the same as those in the ducts, in spite of a large difference in vB. Sherwood numbers, ShD, using Dh as a characteristic length, are well‐correlated in terms of the Eötvös number. The proposed ShD correlation can well predict a long‐term dissolution process of a Taylor bubble.
Mechanistic Investigations of the Stereoselective Rare Earth Metal‐Mediated Ring‐Opening Polymerization of β‐Butyrolactone
Authors: Altenbuchner Peter T. , Kronast Alexander , Kissling Stefan , Vagin Sergei I. , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Pöthig Alexander , Deglmann Peter , Loos Robert , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is produced by numerous bacteria as carbon and energy reserve storage material. Whereas nature only produces PHB in its strictly isotactic (R) form, homogeneous catalysis, when starting from racemic (rac) β‐butyrolactone (BL) as monomer, can in fact produce a wide variety of tacticities. The variation of the metal center and the surrounding ligand structure enable activity as well as tacticity tuning. However, no homogeneous catalyst exists to date that is easy to modify, highly active, and able to produce PHB with high isotacticities fromrac‐β‐BL. Therefore, in this work, the reaction kinetics of various 2‐methoxyethylamino‐bis(phenolate) lanthanide (Ln=Sm, Tb, Y, Lu) catalysts are examined in detail. The order in monomer and catalyst are determined to elucidate the reaction mechanism and the results are correlated with DFT calculations of the catalytic cycle. Furthermore, the enthalpies and entropies of the rate‐determining steps are determined through temperature‐dependent in situ IR measurements. Experimental and computational results converge in one specific mechanism for the ring‐opening polymerization of BL and even allow us to rationalize the preference forsyndiotacticPHB.
Stabilizing and Activating Nitrogen Catenates
Authors: Bohle D. Scott , Chua Zhijie , Singer Hobbs Maya , Perepichka Inna , Waked Alexander 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe remarkably stable catenated hexa‐nitrogen chain in bis(benzotriazene‐4‐one) is structurally, theoretically, and spectroscopically characterized to illustrate the durability of the central NN bond in this hexaazo chain. The reactions of this species illustrate the potential of these nitrogen catenates for the preparation of other condensed heterocycles, such as bispyrazolones, by thermal nitrogen exclusion or by trapping the single ring‐opened Dimroth intermediates. In these latter reactions, 2‐naphtholate anion condenses with bis(benzotriazene‐4‐one) to trap and retain a zwitterionic diazonium intermediate as an isolated diazo product, whereas transition metals ring effect ring‐extrusion of dinitrogen from the Dimroth intermediate to generate chelating σ‐aryls. The catenated nitrogen species can be stabilized by incorporating strong formal sp2sp2 NN σ bonds with orthogonal orientations. Extending these stabilization and activation principles may allow these types of nitrogen catenates to be useful synthons for other polyaza species.