bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA): A novel modulator of p38 for proliferation, migration, and survival in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Yiming , Guo Zhenghui , Du Tao , Chen Jieqing , Wang Wei , Xu Kewei , Lin Tianxin , Huang Hai 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDRegulated activation of p38 is crucial for cell proliferation, survival, and metabolism. Our previous studies had showed that prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) can facilitate the proliferation, migration, survival of the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line, but the mechanisms are poorly defined.METHODSOur LNCaP cells had been stably transfected with lentivirus‐mediated shRNA for PSMA silencing in previous study. We first testify the efficacy of PSMA knockdown in our LNCaP cell line. Then using this PSMA (−) LNCaP cell line, we compared the expression of PSMA and P‐p38 by Western blotting among groups. Furthermore, we also performed immunofluorescence to confirm the change of P‐p38 in cells. Then, cell viability and migration were measured by cell counting kit‐8 reagent and Transwell analysis respectively. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate cell survival.RESULTSAfter silencing the expression of PSMA, the level of the phospho‐p38 (P‐p38) decreased approximate 40% compared with the blank and NC groups (P < 0.05). When the cells were incubated with SB203582 (p38 inhibitor), the P‐p38 in three groups was at low level and no difference among groups (P > 0.05). Then the results of immunofluorescence further proved the relationship between PSMA and P‐p38. Decrease of cell viability, migration, and survival was observed upon PSMA silencing. SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK pathway, also reduced proliferation, migration, and survival of LNCaP cells.CONCLUSIONThese data suggests PSMA may stimulate prostate cancer cells proliferation, migration and survival through p38 MAPK pathway, revealing a novel mechanism for PSMA playing positive role on LNCaP cells. Prostate 73: 835–841, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving the contribution of climate model information to decision making: the value and demands of robust decision frameworks
Authors: Weaver Christopher P. , Lempert Robert J. , Brown Casey , Hall John A. , Revell David , Sarewitz Daniel 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn this paper, we review the need for, use of, and demands on climate modeling to support so‐called ‘robust’ decision frameworks, in the context of improving the contribution of climate information to effective decision making. Such frameworks seek to identify policy vulnerabilities under deep uncertainty about the future and propose strategies for minimizing regret in the event of broken assumptions. We argue that currently there is a severe underutilization of climate models as tools for supporting decision making, and that this is slowing progress in developing informed adaptation and mitigation responses to climate change. This underutilization stems from two root causes, about which there is a growing body of literature: one, a widespread, but limiting, conception that the usefulness of climate models in planning begins and ends with regional‐scale predictions of multidecadal climate change; two, the general failure so far to incorporate learning from the decision and social sciences into climate‐related decision support in key sectors. We further argue that addressing these root causes will require expanding the conception of climate models; not simply as prediction machines within ‘predict‐then‐act’ decision frameworks, but as scenario generators, sources of insight into complex system behavior, and aids to critical thinking within robust decision frameworks. Such a shift, however, would have implications for how users perceive and use information from climate models and, ultimately, the types of information they will demand from these models—and thus for the types of simulations and numerical experiments that will have the most value for informing decision making. WIREs Clim Change 2013, 4:39–60. doi: 10.1002/wcc.202This article is categorized under:

Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models
Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change > Institutions for Adaptation
Pregnancy after in vitro fertilization in a liver transplant patient
Authors: Choi Janet M. , Mahany Erica B. , Sauer Mark V. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe present the case of a liver transplant patient who conceived following assisted reproduction and experienced a normal pregnancy with a good outcome. This case illustrates that, in select cases and with multidisciplinary effort, women may undergo ovarian hyperstimulation and egg retrieval following liver transplant without undue risk or complications.
Effect of Stress Concentration on Laminated Plates
Authors: Sayyad A. S. , Ghugal Y. M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of stress distribution in orthotropic and laminated plates subjected to central concentrated load. An equivalent single layer trigonometric shear deformation theory taking into account transverse shear deformation effect as well as transverse normal strain effect is used to obtain in-plane normal and transverse shear stresses through the thickness of plate. Governing equations and boundary conditions of the theory are obtained using the principle of virtual work. A simply supported plate with central concentrated load is considered for the numerical analysis. Anomalous behavior of inplane normal and transverse shear stresses is observed due to effect of stress concentration compared to classical plate theory and first order shear deformation theory.
Pushing the Agenda: Presidential Leadership in U.S. Lawmaking, 1953–2004. By Matthew N. Beckmann
Authors: Green Matthew N. 
Published: December 2012

Pushing the Agenda: Presidential Leadership in U.S. Lawmaking, 1953–2004. By Matthew N. Beckmann. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010. 194p. $99.00 cloth, $26.99 paper.The American president is many things. He serves as the head of state, chief of his political party, manager of the national bureaucracy, commander of the armed forces, and even (to some at least) a moral leader of the country. But one of the most important roles of the president is legislative leader: setting the nation's policy agenda, proposing new bills, and steering key initiatives through Congress. The central nature of that role is evidenced by our tendency to think of past presidents in terms of their trademark policy proposals, be it Harry “Fair Deal” Truman or Ronald Reagan's “Reaganomics.”
Neoliberalism, Race, and the American Welfare State
Authors: Hanson Russell L. 
Published: December 2012

Disciplining the Poor: Neoliberal Paternalism and the Persistent Power of Race. By Joe Soss, Richard C. Fording, and Sanford F. Schram. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011. 368p. $75.00 cloth, $25.00 paper.It is more than 15 years since the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act was passed in 1996, famously described by then-President Bill Clinton as “the end of welfare as we know it.” In Disciplining the Poor, Joe Soss, Richard Fording, and Sanford Schram analyze recent changes in US welfare policy as reflections of broader transformations of the “governance” of poverty, arguing that these transformations represent a new form of “neoliberal paternalism” in which race continues to be an important element. In this symposium, a diverse group of political scientists working on welfare issues have been asked to critically assess the book's account and to comment more broadly on the importance of the “governance of poverty” to the future of American politics.—Jeffrey C. Isaac, Editor
EUROPEAN MARKET MAKING AND POLICY DUPLICATION
Authors: Frankel Christian 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACT
This paper argues that private regulation has been essential to the making of the common European market. The distinction between negative and positive integration, usually used to understand the making of the common European market, only gives us part of the picture, as it focuses on public authorities and the regulation issued by them, and tends to ignore private authorities. A focus on private regulation is suggested to enlarge the focus on positive and negative integration, and this is used in an analysis of EU's removal of barriers to trade from 1958 to 2000. The paper shows that private regulation in the form of technical standardisation has become essential to European market making.
Effect of High Night Temperature During Grain Filling on Amyloplast Development and Grain Quality in Japonica Rice
Authors: Song Xiaoyan , Du Yanxiu , Song Xingnian , Zhao Quanzhi 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTHigh‐quality japonica rices Yujing 6 and Fangxin 4 were cultured under ambient night temperature (ANT, 19.7°C) and high night temperature (HNT, 26.7°C) in a greenhouse for the analysis of amyloplast development and grain quality during the grain‐filling stage. Results indicated that the HNT treatment had distinct effects on the grain‐filling rate of Yujing 6 and Fangxin 4 1–10 days after anthesis. HNT increased the rate of grain filling by 9.89–40.45% and decreased the accumulation of grain‐filling matter, resulting in inferior appearance and poor milling qualities (e.g., brown rice rate, milled rice rate, head rice rate, imperfect rice rate, chalky rice rate, and chalkiness degree). Results from a rapid viscosity analyzer showed that the HNT treatment decreased the paste viscosity, depending on the rice cultivar. Differential scanning calorimetry results indicated that the gelatinization temperatures of HNT such as onset temperature, peak temperature, and final temperature were all significantly higher than those of ANT. However, HNT had no distinct effects on the X‐ray diffraction pattern of rice starch.
Crystal Structure of Rice Importin-α and Structural Basis of Its Interaction with Plant-Specific Nuclear Localization Signals
Authors: Chang Chiung-Wen , Couñago Rafael Lemos Miguez , Williams Simon J. , Bodén Mikael , Kobe Boštjan 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
In the classical nucleocytoplasmic import pathway, nuclear localization signals (NLSs) in cargo proteins are recognized by the import receptor importin-α. Importin-α has two separate NLS binding sites (the major and the minor site), both of which recognize positively charged amino acid clusters in NLSs. Little is known about the molecular basis of the unique features of the classical nuclear import pathway in plants. We determined the crystal structure of rice (Oryza sativa) importin-α1a at 2-Å resolution. The structure reveals that the autoinhibitory mechanism mediated by the importin-β binding domain of importin-α operates in plants, with NLS-mimicking sequences binding to both minor and major NLS binding sites. Consistent with yeast and mammalian proteins, rice importin-α binds the prototypical NLS from simian virus 40 large T-antigen preferentially at the major NLS binding site. We show that two NLSs, previously described as plant specific, bind to and are functional with plant, mammalian, and yeast importin-α proteins but interact with rice importin-α more strongly. The crystal structures of their complexes with rice importin-α show that they bind to the minor NLS binding site. By contrast, the crystal structures of their complexes with mouse (Mus musculus) importin-α show preferential binding to the major NLS binding site. Our results reveal the molecular basis of a number of features of the classical nuclear transport pathway specific to plants.
Differential equations and expansions for quaternionic modular forms in the discriminant 6 case
Authors: Baba Srinath , Granath Håkan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe study the differential structure of the ring of modular forms for the unit group of the quaternion algebra over ℚ of discriminant 6. Using these results we give an explicit formula for Taylor expansions of the modular forms at the elliptic points. Using appropriate normalizations we show that the Taylor coefficients at the elliptic points of the generators of the ring of modular forms are all rational and 6-integral. This gives a rational structure on the ring of modular forms. We give a recursive formula for computing the Taylor coefficients of modular forms at elliptic points and, as an application, give an algorithm for computing modular polynomials.
Notes on Lower Devonian crinoids in the collections of the British Geological Survey, Keyworth
Authors: Donovan Stephen K. 
Published: December 2012

Summary

Lower Devonian crinoids are poorly known from the British Isles. The British Geological Survey, Geological Survey Museum collection of Lower Devonian crinoids, mainly made by amateur collectors in the 19th century, is described for the first time. Taxa include
Hexacrinites
sp. A,
Hexacrinites
sp. B,
Floricrinus
(col.)
priscus
(Goldfuss) (probably Middle Devonian) and
Bystrowicrinus
(col.) sp.
sensu lato
; some nautiloids were misidentified as crinoids.
Hexacrinites
is moderately speciose in the Middle Devonian of SW England; columnals described herein extend this record into the Lower Devonian (Emsian).
Pentacrinus priscus
Goldfuss, erroneously included in a Mesozoic genus for over 180 years ago, is reclassified within the Devonian morphogenus
Floricrinus
(col.) Stukalina. Both
F
. (col.)
priscus
and
Bystrowicrinus
(col.) sp. represent columnal morphologies similar to some crinoids locally common in the Upper Ordovician, but unknown from the Silurian of the British Isles.
New perspectives on the globally important Ediacaran fossil discoveries in Charnwood Forest, UK: prequel to
Authors: Howe Mike P.A. , Evans Mark , Carney John N. , Wilby Philip R. 
Published: December 2012

Summary

The study of latest Neoproterozoic fossils that comprise the Ediacara biota is a relatively new frontier of palaeontology. That it started when it did is due, in no small measure, to the discovery of macrofossils in Charnwood Forest in 1957, and their description in a paper to the
Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society
by Trevor Ford in 1958. There is a prequel to this, however. We reveal newly found correspondence showing that as long ago as 1848 enterprising naturalists had seen these macrofossils and recognized them as such. The subsequent rejection of those finds by others mirrors the experiences of geologists elsewhere in the world, and is attributed to a previously received wisdom that macrofossils only occurred in Cambrian or younger strata.
Development and Characterization of HPV-Positive and HPV-Negative Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Tumorgrafts
Authors: Kimple Randall J. , Harari Paul M. , Torres Alexandra D. , Yang Robert Z. , Soriano Benjamin J. , Yu Menggang , Armstrong Eric A. , Blitzer Grace C. , Smith Molly A. , Lorenz Laurel D. , Lee Denis , Yang David T. , McCulloch Timothy M. , Hartig Gregory K. , Lambert Paul F. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Purpose: To develop a clinically relevant model system to study head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), we have established and characterized a direct-from-patient tumorgraft model of human papillomavirus (HPV)–positive and HPV-negative cancers.
Experimental Design: Patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent HNSCC were consented for donation of tumor specimens. Surgically obtained tissue was implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. During subsequent passages, both formalin-fixed/paraffin-embedded as well as flash-frozen tissues were harvested. Tumors were analyzed for a variety of relevant tumor markers. Tumor growth rates and response to radiation, cisplatin, or cetuximab were assessed and early passage cell strains were developed for rapid testing of drug sensitivity.
Results: Tumorgrafts have been established in 22 of 26 patients to date. Significant diversity in tumorgraft tumor differentiation was observed with good agreement in degree of differentiation between patient tumor and tumorgraft (Kappa 0.72). Six tumorgrafts were HPV-positive on the basis of p16 staining. A strong inverse correlation between tumorgraft p16 and p53 or Rb was identified (Spearman correlations P = 0.085 and P = 0.002, respectively). Significant growth inhibition of representative tumorgrafts was shown with cisplatin, cetuximab, or radiation treatment delivered over a two-week period. Early passage cell strains showed high consistency in response to cancer therapy between tumorgraft and cell strain.
Conclusions: We have established a robust human tumorgraft model system for investigating HPV-positive and HPV-negative HNSCC. These tumorgrafts show strong correlation with the original tumor specimens and provide a powerful resource for investigating mechanisms of therapeutic response as well as preclinical testing. Clin Cancer Res; 19(4); 855–64. ©2012 AACR.
Reciprocal Interactions between Tumor-Associated Macrophages and CD44-Positive Cancer Cells via Osteopontin/CD44 Promote Tumorigenicity in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Rao Guanhua , Wang Hongyi , Li Baowei , Huang Li , Xue Danfeng , Wang Xiaohui , Jin Haijing , Wang Jun , Zhu Yushan , Lu Youyong , Du Lei , Chen Quan 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Purpose: CD44 is of functional importance for tumor initiation and progression in colorectal cancer, but how this molecule benefits cancer cells from the tumor microenvironment, especially tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), remains poorly defined.
Experimental Design: In vivo tumorigenic assays were conducted to assess the role of murine TAMs in the tumorigenesis of human colorectal cancer cells. Both in vitro and in vivo osteopontin (OPN) expression levels in TAMs were examined by immunohistochemistry, quantitative PCR, and Western blotting. Soft agar colony formation assays were used to estimate the clonogenicity of colorectal cancer cells that had received different treatments. The relationships between the expression levels of OPN, CD44v6, and CD68 and clinical prognosis were evaluated by tissue microarray analysis.
Results: We found that macrophages, when coinjected or cocultured with CD44-positive colorectal cancer cells, were able to produce higher levels of OPN, which in turn facilitated the tumorigenicity and clonogenicity of the colorectal cancer cells. The knockdown of CD44 or treatment with blocking antibodies to CD44 attenuated OPN secretion. OPN, through binding to its receptor CD44, activated c-jun-NH2-kinase signaling and promoted the clonogenicity of colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, tissue microarray data have shown that OPN expression, in combination with CD44v6, has a negative correlation with colorectal cancer patient survival.
Conclusions: These results suggest that the OPN–CD44 interaction is important for colorectal cancer progression and could serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 19(4); 785–97. ©2012 AACR.
A Focus on PD-L1 in Human Melanoma
Authors: Hersey Peter , Gallagher Stuart 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Treatment of metastatic melanoma with inhibitors of the BRAF V600 oncogene in melanoma has been limited by the development of resistance. Combining the BRAF inhibitors with immunotherapy may prolong the response, but will acquisition of resistance to BRAF inhibitors also make melanoma cells resistant to immunotherapy? Clin Cancer Res; 19(3); 514–6. ©2012 AACR.
Incremental Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Contemporary Stress Echocardiography in a Chest Pain Unit
Authors: Shah Benoy N. , Balaji Gothandaraman , Alhajiri Abdalla , Ramzy Ihab S. , Ahmadvazir Shahram , Senior Roxy 
Published: December 2012

Background—
Clinical assessment often cannot reliably or rapidly risk stratify patients hospitalized with suspected acute coronary syndrome. The real-world clinical value of stress echocardiography (SE) in these patients is unknown. Thus, we undertook this study to assess the feasibility, safety, ability for early triaging, and prediction of hard events of SE incorporated into a chest pain unit for patients admitted with acute chest pain, nondiagnostic ECG, and negative 12-hour troponin.

Methods and Results—

Accordingly, 839 consecutive patients who underwent clinical, ECG, and SE assessments within 24 hours of admission were assessed for feasibility, safety, impact on triaging and discharge, and 30-day readmission rate and were followed up for hard events (all-cause mortality and acute myocardial infarction). Of the 839 patients, 811 (96.7%) had diagnostic SE results. Median time to SE and median length of stay for normal SE patients (77%) were both 1 day. The 30-day readmission rate was 0.5%. During long-term follow-up of 27±11 months, 39 hard events (30 deaths and 9 acute myocardial infarctions) occurred. Kaplan-Meier estimates of hard events were 0.5% versus 6.6% in the normal versus abnormal SE groups, respectively, in the first year of follow-up (15 events in the first year). Among all prognostic variables, only abnormal SE (hazard ratio, 4.08; 95% confidence interval, 2.15–7.72;
P
<0.001) and advancing age (hazard ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.39–2.37;
P
<0.001) predicted hard events in multivariable regression analysis.

Conclusions—
SE incorporated into a chest pain unit has excellent feasibility and provides rapid assessment and discharge with accurate risk stratification of patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome but nondiagnostic ECG and negative 12-hour troponin.
Survival Trends in Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrests
Authors: Girotra Saket , Spertus John A. , Li Yan , Berg Robert A. , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Chan Paul S. ,   for the American Heart Association Get With the Guidelines–Resuscitation Investigators
Published: December 2012

Background—
Despite ongoing efforts to improve the quality of pediatric resuscitation, it remains unknown whether survival in children with in-hospital cardiac arrest has improved.

Methods and Results—

Between 2000 and 2009, we identified children (<18 years of age) with an in-hospital cardiac arrest at hospitals with >3 years of participation and >5 cases annually within the national Get With The Guidelines–Resuscitation registry. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine temporal trends in survival to discharge. We also explored whether trends in survival were attributable to improvement in acute resuscitation or postresuscitation care and examined trends in neurological disability among survivors. Among 1031 children at 12 hospitals, the initial cardiac arrest rhythm was asystole and pulseless electrical activity in 874 children (84.8%) and ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia in 157 children (15.2%), with an increase in cardiac arrests due to pulseless electrical activity over time (
P
for trend <0.001). Risk-adjusted rates of survival to discharge increased from 14.3% in 2000 to 43.4% in 2009 (adjusted rate ratio per year, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.16;
P
for trend=0.02). Improvement in survival was driven largely by an improvement in acute resuscitation survival (risk-adjusted rates: 42.9% in 2000, 81.2% in 2009; adjusted rate ratio per year: 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.08;
P
for trend=0.006). Moreover, survival trends were not accompanied by higher rates of neurological disability among survivors over time (unadjusted
P
for trend=0.32), suggesting an overall increase in the number of survivors without neurological disability over time.

Conclusions—
Rates of survival to hospital discharge in children with in-hospital cardiac arrests have improved over the past decade without higher rates of neurological disability among survivors.