bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Heck and Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling Reactions Using Recyclable Pd—Fe3O4 Heterodimeric Nanocrystal Catalysts.
Authors: Chung Jooyoung , Kim Jinju , Jang Youngjin , Byun Sangmoon , Hyeon Taeghwan , Kim B. Moon 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe title reactions proceed smoothly in the presence of heterobimetallic nanocrystals without the need of additives.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand and Substrate Effects During Pd‐Catalyzed Cyclizations of Alkyne‐Tethered Cyclohexadienones.
Authors: Tello‐Aburto Rodolfo , Kalstabakken Kyle A. , Harned Andrew M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIt is found that the Pd‐catalyzed cyclization of alkyne‐tethered cyclohexadienones is highly sensitive to the steric environment of both the ligand as well as the substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Diazo Compounds as Electrophiles to React with 1,4‐Dilithio‐1,3‐dienes: Efficient Synthesis of 1‐Imino‐pyrrole Derivatives.
Authors: Zhan Ming , Zhang Shaoguang , Zhang Wen‐Xiong , Xi Zhenfeng 
Published: December 2013

Abstract1,4‐Dilithio‐1,3‐dienes, generated from the corresponding 1,4‐diiododienes are coupled with diaryldiazomethanes to yield 1‐iminopyrroles after aqueous work‐up in air.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Chemoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles via Isocyanide‐Based Multicomponent Domino Reaction.
Authors: Wang Xiang , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Wang Shun‐Yi , Zhou Weiqun , Ji Shun‐Jun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA novel synthesis of highly substituted pyrroles is achieved by catalyst‐free reaction of isocyanides, primary or secondary amines and gem‐dicyanoalkenes (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioconvergent Cross‐Couplings of Racemic Alkylmetal Reagents with Unactivated Secondary Alkyl Electrophiles: Catalytic Asymmetric Negishi α‐Alkylations of N‐Boc‐Pyrrolidine.
Authors: Cordier Christopher J. , Lundgren Rylan J. , Fu Gregory C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFor the first time the title reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Carboazidation of Arylacrylamides.
Authors: Wei Xiao‐Hong , Li Ya‐Min , Zhou An‐Xi , Yang Ting‐Ting , Yang Shang‐Dong 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe silver‐catalyzed carboazidation of alkenes and a subsequent CH‐functionalization cascade process allows the synthesis of a wide range of azide oxindoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Chlorocyclization of Indole Derived Benzamides for the Synthesis of Spiro‐indolines.
Authors: Yin Qin , You Shu‐Li 
Published: December 2013

AbstractEnantioselective chlorocyclization of indole derived benzamides (I) and (III) offers an efficient method for the construction of chiral indole skeletons (II) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Diverse Reactivity in Microwave‐Promoted Catalyst‐Free Coupling of Substituted Anilines with Ethyl Trifluoropyruvate and Biological Evaluation.
Authors: Zhang Chen , Zhuang Dao‐Min , Li Jia , Chen Si‐Yuan , Du Xiao‐Long , Wang Jian‐Yong , Li Jing‐Yun , Jiang Biao , Yao Jian‐Hua 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe reactivity of electron‐donating substituted anilines with ethyl trifluoropyruvate is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Base Catalyzed Synthesis of Multisubstituted 4‐Sulfonyl‐1H‐pyrazole Involving a Novel 1,3‐Sulfonyl Shift.
Authors: Zhu Yu , Lu Wen‐Ting , Sun Hong‐Chao , Zhan Zhuang‐Ping 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA simple one‐pot procedure allows the conversion of N‐propargylic sulfonylhydrazones into the title pyrazole derivatives via allenic sulfonamide formation and 1,3‐sulfonyl shift followed by an intramolecular Michael addition.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity Evaluation of 2,3‐Thiazolidin‐4‐one Derivatives on Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines.
Authors: Pezzi Vincenzo , et al. et al. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSome of the title compounds (IV), obtained via a multicomponent reaction, exhibit strong inhibitory effects on the breast cancer cell growth.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Modification of Light‐Sensitive 3‐Acyl‐2‐hetarylchromones Containing Bromomethyl Group in the Acyl Fragment.
Authors: Semenova I. S. , Levchenko K. S. , Yarovenko V. N. , Krayushkin M. M. , Barachevskii V. A. , Kobeleva O. I. , Valova T. M. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPhotosensitive 3‐aroyl‐2‐hetarylchromone derivatives containing a bromomethyl‐group in the 3‐aroyl fragment are synthesized and reacted with various N‐, S‐, and O‐nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Transition‐Metal‐Chloride/Sodium‐Nitrite/TEMPO Catalytic System for Aerobic Oxidative Aromatization of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Lou Bin‐Hui , Chen Shu‐Bin , Wang Jian , Chen Ying , Li Jing‐Hua 
Published: December 2013

AbstractMnCl2, NiCl2, FeCl3, and several Cu(I) and Cu(II) salts are disclosed as efficient oxidation catalysts for 1,4‐dihydropyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: IBX Mediated Reaction of β‐Enamino Esters with Allylic Alcohols: A One‐Pot Metal Free Domino Approach to Functionalized Pyridines.
Authors: Gade Narendar Reddy , Devendram V. , Pal Manojit , Iqbal Javed 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIBX facilitates the reaction of β‐enamino esters (I) with allylic alcohols (II) and (IV) allowing a direct synthesis of functionalized pyridines, including 2‐substituted nicotinic acids (III) and densely substituted pyridines (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of Novel 4‐Aryl Substituted Thiophene Derivatives with a Vinyl‐quinoline Unit.
Authors: Xu Zhaozhe , Yu Dian , Yu Mingxin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA series of novel fluorescent thiophene and quinoline derivatives are obtained by palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of bromothiophenyl‐vinylquinolines (III) with various arylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Atroposelective [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions Catalyzed by a Rhodium(I)‐Chiral Phosphate System.
Authors: Aubert Corinne , et al. et al. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe first asymmetric chiral anion‐directed transition metal‐catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition using a Rh(I)/phosphate system is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 6‐Aryl‐benzo[h][1,2,4]‐triazolo[5,1‐b]quinazoline‐7,8‐diones as Potent Antitumoral Agents.
Authors: Wu Liqiang , Zhang Chong , Li Weilin 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA novel method for the regioselective synthesis of the title compounds (IV) is developed using the sulfamic acid catalyzed three‐component coupling of aldehydes, 2‐hydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone and 3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole under solvent‐free reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: [4 + 3] Cycloaddition of in situ Generated Azoalkenes with C,N‐Cyclic Azomethine Imines: Efficient Synthesis of Tetrazepine Derivatives.
Authors: Hu Xiao‐Qiang , Chen Jia‐Rong , Gao Shuang , Feng Bin , Lu Liang‐Qiu , Xiao Wen‐Jing 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe title cycloaddition reaction affords highly functionalized 1,2,4,5‐tetrazepine derivatives such as (III) and (V) in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Fluoroalkylation of (Bromomethyl)pinacolborane Using Silicon Reagents.
Authors: Levin Vitalij V. , Elkin Pavel K. , Struchkova Marina I. , Dilman Alexander D. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe reaction proceeds through initial formation of borate anions followed by intramolecular nucleophilic substitution of bromine functionality.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of N,N‐Dimethylamino(diphenylphosphoryl)chloromethane with Alkan‐2‐ones.
Authors: Morgalyuk V. P. , Strelkova T. V. , Nifant'ev E. E. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe title reaction gives α‐phosphorylated alcohols according to an Abramov‐type reaction [→ (III)] or phosphorylated Mannich bases (V) depending on the ketone structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Hydroquinone with 2‐Ethoxyvinylphosphonyl Dichloride.
Authors: Sadykova Yu. M. , Dalmatova N. V. , Burilov A. R. , Pudovik M. A. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe reaction of phosphonic dichloride (I) with hydroquinone (II) leads to the cage‐type phosphonate (III) in one‐step.
ChemInform Abstract: Photonic Crystal Fibres for Chemical Sensing and Photochemistry
Authors: Cubillas Ana M. , Unterkofler Sarah , Euser Tijmen G. , Etzold Bastian J. M. , Jones Anita C. , Sadler Peter J. , Wasserscheid Peter , Russell Philip St. J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractReview: 201 refs.
Definition of chromaticity coordinates
Authors: Brill Michael H. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe CIE defines chromaticity coordinates as the ratio of each of a set of three tristimulus values to their sum. As shown here, for two‐equation systems such as 1964 (u′,v′), there is always a tristimulus coordinate system that allows this definition to work. However, to include systems like that of MacLeod and Boynton in which three equations define chromaticity, an extension of the CIE definition would require a linear transformation that follows the ratio process. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 39, 317–318, 2014; Published Online 20 December 2013 in Wiley Online Library
(wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/col.21863
Exciplex Emission from a Boron Dipyrromethene (Bodipy) Dye Equipped with a Dicyanovinyl Appendage
Authors: Nano Adela , Ziessel Raymond , Stachelek Patrycja , Alamiry Mohammed A. H. , Harriman Anthony 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe photophysical properties of a prototypic donor–acceptor dyad, featuring a conventional boron dipyrromethene (Bodipy) dye linked to a dicyanovinyl unit through a meso‐phenylene ring, have been recorded in weakly polar solvents. The absorption spectrum remains unperturbed relative to that of the parent Bodipy dye but the fluorescence is extensively quenched. At room temperature, the emission spectrum comprises roughly equal contributions from the regular π, π* excited‐singlet state and from an exciplex formed by partial charge transfer from Bodipy to the dicyanovinyl residue. This mixture moves progressively in favor of the locally excited π, π* state on cooling and the exciplex is no longer seen in frozen media; the overall emission quantum yield changes dramatically near the freezing point of the solvent. The exciplex, which has a lifetime of approximately 1 ns at room temperature, can also be seen by transient absorption spectroscopy, in which it decays to form the locally excited triplet state. Under applied pressure (P<170 MPa), formation of the exciplex is somewhat hindered by restricted rotation around the semirigid linkage and again the emission profile shifts in favor of the π, π* excited state. At higher pressure (170<P<550 MPa), the molecule undergoes reversible distortion that has a small effect on the yield of π, π* emission but severely quenches exciplex fluorescence. In the limiting case, this high‐pressure effect decreases the molar volume of the solute by approximately 25 cm3 and opens a new channel for nonradiative deactivation of the excited‐state manifold.
Conversion of CO2 and C2H6 to Propanoic Acid over a Au‐Exchanged MCM‐22 Zeolite
Authors: Sangthong Winyoo , Probst Michael , Limtrakul Jumras 
Published: December 2013

AbstractFinding novel catalysts for the direct conversion of CO2 to fuels and chemicals is a primary goal in energy and environmental research. In this work, density functional theory (DFT) is used to study possible reaction mechanisms for the conversion of CO2 and C2H6 to propanoic acid over a gold‐exchanged MCM‐22 zeolite catalyst. The reaction begins with the activation of ethane to produce a gold ethyl hydride intermediate. Hydrogen transfers to the framework oxygen leads then to gold ethyl adsorbed on the Brønsted‐acid site. The energy barriers for these steps of ethane activation are 9.3 and 16.3 kcal mol−1, respectively. Two mechanisms of propanoic acid formation are investigated. In the first one, the insertion of CO2 into the AuH bond of the first intermediate yields gold carboxyl ethyl as subsequent intermediate. This is then converted to propanoic acid by forming the relevant CC bond. The activation energy of the rate‐determining step of this pathway is 48.2 kcal mol−1. In the second mechanism, CO2 interacts with gold ethyl adsorbed on the Brønsted‐acid site. Propanoic acid is formed via protonation of CO2 by the Brønsted acid and the simultaneous formation of a bond between CO2 and the ethyl group. The activation energy there is 44.2 kcal mol−1, favoring this second pathway at least at low temperatures. Gold‐exchanged MCM‐22 zeolite can therefore, at least in principle, be used as the catalyst for producing propanoic acid from CO2 and ethane.
Altering the Self‐organization of Dyes on Titania with Dyeing Solvents to Tune the Charge‐transfer Dynamics of Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yinglin , Yang Lin , Zhang Jing , Li Renzhi , Zhang Min , Wang Peng 
Published: December 2013

AbstractHerein we selected the model organic donor–acceptor dye C218 and modulated the self‐organization of dye molecules on the surface of titania by changing the dyeing solvent from chlorobenzene to a mixture of acetonitrile and tert‐butanol. We further unveiled the relationship between the microstructure of a dye layer and the multichannel charge‐transfer dynamics that underlie the photovoltaic performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells.
Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells with Vertically Aligned TiO2 Nanowire Arrays Grown on Carbon Fibers
Authors: Cai Xin , Wu Hongwei , Hou Shaocong , Peng Ming , Yu Xiao , Zou Dechun 
Published: December 2013

AbstractOne‐dimensional semiconductor TiO2 nanowires (TNWs) have received widespread attention from solar cell and related optoelectronics scientists. The controllable synthesis of ordered TNW arrays on arbitrary substrates would benefit both fundamental research and practical applications. Herein, vertically aligned TNW arrays in situ grown on carbon fiber (CF) substrates through a facile, controllable, and seed‐assisted thermal process is presented. Also, hierarchical TiO2‐nanoparticle/TNW arrays were prepared that favor both the dye loading and depressed charge recombination of the CF/TNW photoanode. An impressive conversion efficiency of 2.48 % (under air mass 1.5 global illumination) and an apparent efficiency of 4.18 % (with a diffuse board) due to the 3D light harvesting of the wire solar cell were achieved. Moreover, efficient and inexpensive wire solar cells made from all‐CF electrodes and completely flexible CF‐based wire solar cells were demonstrated, taking into account actual application requirements. This work may provide an intriguing avenue for the pursuit of lightweight, cost‐effective, and high‐performance flexible/wearable solar cells.
Oligo(metallocene)s Containing Keto‐Bridged Phospholyl Rings
Authors: Carmichael Duncan , le Goff Xavier‐Frédéric , Muller Eric 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA chiral racemic tris(phosphaferrocene) complex showing two bridging keto functionalities has been prepared diastereoselectively through the elaboration of a single 2,5‐diester‐substituted phosphaferrocene. The reaction profile involves the intervention of a single trinuclear complex, which contains two phosphametallocene units and an η1‐coordinated phospholyl ligand 9, whose organisation determines the stereochemistry of the final product. This complex evolves smoothly to give a chiral triphosphametallocene (±)‐(R*,R*)‐[2,5‐(2′‐CO2Me‐3′,4′‐Me2PC4‐FeCp*)‐(η5‐Me2PC4)FeCp*] 10.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Neutral and Cationic Hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate–Ruthenium(II) Azido Complexes
Authors: García‐Fernández Almudena , Díez Josefina , Gamasa M. Pilar , Lastra Elena 
Published: December 2013

AbstractNeutral half‐sandwich azidoruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(N3){κ3(N,N,N)‐Tp}(PPh3)(PTA)] (1a) [Tp = hydridotris(pyrazolyl)borate, PTA = 1,3,5‐triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane] and cationic [Ru(N3){κ3(N,N,N)‐Tp}(PPh3)(1‐R‐PTA)][X] [R = Me (1b), CH2CH=CH2 (1c)] have been synthesized. Complexes 1a–c react with tetracyanoethylene through a 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition to give the corresponding tetrazolato derivatives [Ru(N4C{C(CN)=C(CN)2}){κ3(N,N,N)‐Tp}(PPh3)(PTA)] (2a) and [Ru(N4C{C(CN)=C(CN)2}){κ3(N,N,N)‐Tp}(PPh3)(1‐R‐PTA)][X] [R = Me (2b), CH2CH=CH2 (2c)]. Neutral azido complex 1a also reacts with activated alkynes dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) and diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DEAD) to give the corresponding triazolato derivatives [Ru{N3C2(CO2R)2}{κ3(N,N,N)‐Tp}(PPh3)(PTA)] [R = Me (3), Et (4)].
Structural Analysis of the Core Oligosaccharide and the O‐Specific Polysaccharide from the Plesiomonas shigelloides O33:H3 (Strain CNCTC 34/89) Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Nestor Gustav , Lukasiewicz Jolanta , Sandström Corine 
Published: December 2013

AbstractLipopolysaccharides (LPS, endotoxin) with different core oligosaccharide glycoforms from the same species are common, but diversity among glycoforms reported to date has been related to terminal residues only. In this work, contrary to the variety of known LPS structures, we observed a 30 % replacement of glucosamine to glucose in the middle of the outer core region of the Plesiomonas shigelloides serotype O33:H3 (CNCTC 34/89) lipopolysaccharide. Such atypical modification within the same serotype raises questions about the biosynthesis of core structures. The core oligosaccharide was an undecasaccharide with a high level of O‐acetylation on the residue linked to the O‐specific polysaccharide. The core oligosaccharide, the O‐specific polysaccharide, and the linkage between them were determined by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and chemical analysis. The presence of the O‐specific polysaccharide on the bacterial cell surface was confirmed by 1H high‐resolution magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopy.
Limits of the Inversion Phenomenon in Triazolyl‐Substituted β‐Cyclodextrin Dimers
Authors: Potier Jonathan , Menuel Stéphane , Azaroual Nathalie , Monflier Eric , Hapiot Frédéric 
Published: December 2013

AbstractSix different β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) dimers have been synthesized by copper‐catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition. The nature of the spacer connecting the two β‐CDs has been varied in length and hydrophilicity. For each dimer, a detailed NMR study was carried out in D2O. It was found that, whereas β‐CD dimers having short spacer exhibited only one conformation, β‐CD dimers having long and/or hydrophobic spacers showed two different conformations. Indeed, the latter underwent an inversion process leading to self‐inclusion of the spacer in one of the two CD cavities. The behavior of the six β‐CD dimers in water has thus been rationalized and this allowed the proportion of “free” cavities actually available for molecular recognition to be determined.
Effects-driven chemical fractionation of heavy fuel oil to isolate compounds toxic to trout embryos
Authors: Bornstein Jason M. , Adams Julie , Hollebone Bruce , King Thomas , Hodson Peter V. , Brown R. Stephen 
Published: December 2013

Abstract

Heavy fuel oil (HFO) spills account for approximately 60% of ship–source oil spills and are up to 50 times more toxic than medium and light crude oils. Heavy fuel oils contain elevated concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkyl-PAHs, known to be toxic to fish; however, little direct characterization of HFO toxicity has been reported. An effects-driven chemical fractionation was conducted on HFO 7102 to separate compounds with similar chemical and physical properties, including toxicity, to isolate the groups of compounds most toxic to trout embryos. After each separation, toxicity tests directed the next phase of fractionation, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis correlated composition with toxicity, with a focus on PAHs. Low-temperature vacuum distillation permitted the separation of HFO into 3 fractions based on boiling point ranges. The most toxic of these fractions underwent wax precipitation to remove long-chain n-alkanes. The remaining PAH-rich extract was further separated using open column chromatography, which provided distinct fractions that were grouped according to increasing aromatic ring count. The most toxic of these fractions was richest in PAHs and alkyl-PAHs. The results of the present study were consistent with previous crude oil studies that identified PAH-rich fractions as the most toxic. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:814–824. © 2013 SETAC
A quantitative structure–property relationship approach to determine the essential molecular functionalities of potent odorants
Authors: Pal Pallabi , Mitra Indrani , Roy Kunal 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTFor the last 100 years, considerable effort has been oriented towards the investigation of odorous molecules from natural sources and the development of new synthetic odorants. In this search, cheminformatic tools for quantitative structure–property relationships (QSPRs) have been shown to be beneficial for the primary screening of odorant molecules. The present work attempts to identify the distinct chemical features that impart a strong smell to the molecules. Here, genetic/partial least squares (G/PLS) regression has been employed using an easily interpretable descriptor pool for generating a QSPR model to predict odour detection thresholds, using 204 diverse airborne chemicals. The model was rigorously validated using a variety of statistical parameters and different validation metrics which yielded good results. The statistical model developed provides valuable information about the contribution of structural fragments that are essential for lowering the odour threshold of the molecules, which may guide the development of new potent odorants. The interpretation of the descriptors contained in the model provides knowledge about the requirement of nucleophilicity of a molecule in relation to its binding with odorant receptors. Based on the predictive power and interpretability of the model, they might be further utilized for guiding the design and screening of new stronger odorant molecules. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting Forward Defaults with the Discrete‐Time Hazard Model
Authors: Hwang Ruey‐Ching , Chu Chih‐Kang 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTFor predicting forward default probabilities of firms, the discrete‐time forward hazard model (DFHM) is proposed. We derive maximum likelihood estimates for the parameters in DFHM. To improve its predictive power in practice, we also consider an extension of DFHM by replacing its constant coefficients of firm‐specific predictors with smooth functions of macroeconomic variables. The resulting model is called the discrete‐time varying‐coefficient forward hazard model (DVFHM). Through local maximum likelihood analysis, DVFHM is shown to be a reliable and flexible model for forward default prediction. We use real panel datasets to illustrate these two models. Using an expanding rolling window approach, our empirical results confirm that DVFHM has better and more robust out‐of‐sample performance on forward default prediction than DFHM, in the sense of yielding more accurate predicted numbers of defaults and predicted survival times. Thus DVFHM is a useful alternative for studying forward default losses in portfolios. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Truncated‐Octahedral Pt–Pd Nanocrystals Supported on Carbon Black as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Chu Y.‐Y. , Wang Z.‐B. , Dai Z. , Gu D.‐M. , Yin G.‐P. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractA novel PtPd/C nanocrystals catalyst with truncated‐octahedral structure has been successfully prepared by ethylene glycol reduction to induce anisotropic growth in an isotropic medium by adding a small amount of Fe3+ species. Its structure, composition, and morphology are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy elemental maps, respectively. The electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the highly dispersed and uniform PtPd/C nanocrystals have excellent poisoning tolerance, significantly higher electrocatalytic activity and durability for the methanol oxidation, as compared to solid solution PtPd/C and Pt/C catalysts. This may be ascribed to the stepped atoms and dangling bonds, which served as active sites for breaking chemical bonds during oxidation–reduction reaction; the high density of preferred crystal planes of (111) facets greatly enhanced the oxidation of poisonous residues during reaction.