bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exemption from liability for damages
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter talks about Article 79, wherein a party is not liable for a failure to perform any of its obligations if proven that the failure was due to an impediment beyond one’s control. If the party’s failure is due to the failure by a third person whom one has engaged to perform the whole or a part of the contract, that party can be exempt from liability. It highlights the exemption that only has effect for the period during which the impediment exists. The chapter emphasizes that a party who fails to perform must give notice to the other party of the impediment and its effect on one’s ability to perform. If the notice is not received by the other party within a reasonable time after the party who fails to perform have known of the impediment, one is liable for damages resulting from such non-receipt.
Witness Clause
Authors: Schwenzer Ingeborg , Schroeter Ulrich G 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the ‘witness clause’, which is a classic final provision found in almost every private law-making treaty. The witness class states four details about the diplomatic ceremony at which the Sales Convention’s text was formally adopted: the place (Vienna), the date (11 April 1980), the text’s six authentic languages, and a reference to the undersigned plenipotentiaries representing the signatory States. It considers the place and date of adoption as commonly used in practice when referring to the Sales Convention, although they are not formally part of the Convention’s title. The chapter emphasizes one of the components of the witness clause, wherein only the designation of the authentic languages has importance for the Convention’s practical application. The Sales Convention’s witness clause had predecessors in the 1964 Hague Sales Conventions, where the witness clauses only declared two authentic language versions (English and French) as authentic.
Examining the effects of dark matter spikes on eccentric intermediate-mass ratio inspirals using N-body simulations
Authors: Mukherjee Diptajyoti , Holgado A Miguel , Ogiya Go , Trac Hy 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Recent studies suggest that dark matter (DM) spikes around intermediate-mass black holes could cause observable dephasing in gravitational wave (GW) signals from intermediate-mass ratio inspirals (IMRIs). Previous research primarily used non-self-consistent analytic methods to estimate the impact of DM spikes on eccentric IMRIs. Our study provides the first self-consistent treatment of this phenomenon using N-body simulations, incorporating post-Newtonian effects up to the 2.5 order for accurate and robust results. Contrary to prior works, which posited that the cumulative effect of two-body encounters (dynamical friction; DF) is the primary mechanism for energy dissipation, we reveal that a three-body effect (slingshot mechanism) plays a more significant role in driving the binary system’s energy loss and consequent orbital shrinkage. We find that binaries counter-rotating with respect to the DM spike merge faster, while corotating binaries merge slower, contrary to expectations from the DF theory. Using Fokker–Planck methods, we also assess the presence and detectability of spikes in realistic environments. When interacting with surrounding materials, DM spikes can have shallower slopes and lower densities than previously considered, leading to smaller signals and lower detection prospects via dephasing. Our results suggest that ‘deshifting’ rather than dephasing might be a more optimistic signature, as it is more robust even in low-density environments.
The MAGPI Survey: the evolution and drivers of gas turbulence in intermediate-redshift galaxies
Authors: Mai Yifan , Croom Scott M , Wisnioski Emily , Vaughan Sam P , Varidel Mathew R , Battisti Andrew J , Mendel J Trevor , Mun Marcie , Tsukui Takafumi , Foster Caroline , Harborne Katherine E , Lagos Claudia D P , Wang Di , Bellstedt Sabine , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Colless Matthew , D’Eugenio Francesco , Grasha Kathryn , Peng Yingjie , Santucci Giulia , Sweet Sarah M , Thater Sabine , Valenzuela Lucas M , Ziegler Bodo 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
We measure the ionized gas velocity dispersions of star-forming galaxies in the MAGPI survey ($z\sim 0.3$) and compare them with galaxies in the SAMI ($z\sim 0.05$) and KROSS ($z\sim 1$) surveys to investigate how the ionized gas velocity dispersion evolves. For the first time, we use a consistent method that forward models galaxy kinematics from $z=0$ to $z=1$. This method accounts for spatial substructure in emission line flux and beam smearing. We investigate the correlation between gas velocity dispersion and galaxy properties to understand the mechanisms that drive gas turbulence. We find that in both MAGPI and SAMI galaxies, the gas velocity dispersion more strongly correlates with the star-formation rate surface density ($\Sigma _{\rm SFR}$) than with a variety of other physical properties, and the average gas velocity dispersion is similar, at the same $\Sigma _{\rm SFR}$, for SAMI, MAGPI, and KROSS galaxies. The results indicate that mechanisms related to $\Sigma _{\rm SFR}$ could be the dominant driver of gas turbulence from $z\sim 1$ to $z\sim 0$, for example, stellar feedback and/or gravitational instability. The gas velocity dispersion of MAGPI galaxies is also correlated with the non-rotational motion of the gas, illustrating that in addition to star-formation feedback, gas transportation and accretion may also contribute to the gas velocity dispersion for galaxies at $z\sim 0.3$. KROSS galaxies only have a moderate correlation between gas velocity dispersion and $\Sigma _{\rm SFR}$ and a higher scatter of gas velocity dispersion with respect to $\Sigma _{\rm SFR}$, in agreement with the suggestion that other mechanisms, such as gas transportation and accretion, are relatively more important at higher redshift galaxies.
ADARp150 counteracts whole genome duplication
Authors: van Gemert Frank , Drakaki Alexandra , Lozano Isabel Morales , de Groot Daniël , Uiterkamp Maud Schoot , Proost Natalie , Lieftink Cor , van de Ven Marieke , Beijersbergen Roderick L , Jacobs Heinz , te Riele Hein 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Impaired control of the G1/S checkpoint allows initiation of DNA replication under non-permissive conditions. Unscheduled S-phase entry is associated with DNA replication stress, demanding for other checkpoints or cellular pathways to maintain proliferation. Here, we uncovered a requirement for ADARp150 to sustain proliferation of G1/S-checkpoint-defective cells under growth-restricting conditions. Besides its well-established mRNA editing function in inversely oriented short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), we found ADARp150 to exert a critical function in mitosis. ADARp150 depletion resulted in tetraploidization, impeding cell proliferation in mitogen-deprived conditions. Mechanistically we show that ADAR1 depletion induced aberrant expression of Cyclin B3, which was causative for mitotic failure and whole-genome duplication. Finally, we find that also in vivo ADAR1-depletion-provoked tetraploidization hampers tumor outgrowth.
Systematic discovery of DNA-binding tandem repeat proteins
Authors: Hu Xiaoxuan , Zhang Xuechun , Sun Wen , Liu Chunhong , Deng Pujuan , Cao Yuanwei , Zhang Chenze , Xu Ning , Zhang Tongtong , Zhang Yong E , Liu Jun-Jie Gogo , Wang Haoyi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Tandem repeat proteins (TRPs) are widely distributed and bind to a wide variety of ligands. DNA-binding TRPs such as zinc finger (ZNF) and transcription activator-like effector (TALE) play important roles in biology and biotechnology. In this study, we first conducted an extensive analysis of TRPs in public databases, and found that the enormous diversity of TRPs is largely unexplored. We then focused our efforts on identifying novel TRPs possessing DNA-binding capabilities. We established a protein language model for DNA-binding protein prediction (PLM-DBPPred), and predicted a large number of DNA-binding TRPs. A subset was then selected for experimental screening, leading to the identification of 11 novel DNA-binding TRPs, with six showing sequence specificity. Notably, members of the STAR (Short TALE-like Repeat proteins) family can be programmed to target specific 9 bp DNA sequences with high affinity. Leveraging this property, we generated artificial transcription factors using reprogrammed STAR proteins and achieved targeted activation of endogenous gene sets. Furthermore, the members of novel families such as MOON (Marine Organism-Originated DNA binding protein) and pTERF (prokaryotic mTERF-like protein) exhibit unique features and distinct DNA-binding characteristics, revealing interesting biological clues. Our study expands the diversity of DNA-binding TRPs, and demonstrates that a systematic approach greatly enhances the discovery of new biological insights and tools.
Revisiting the model for coactivator recruitment: Med15 can select its target sites independent of promoter-bound transcription factors
Authors: Mindel Vladimir , Brodsky Sagie , Yung Hadas , Manadre Wajd , Barkai Naama 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Activation domains (ADs) within transcription factors (TFs) induce gene expression by recruiting coactivators such as the Mediator complex. Coactivators lack DNA binding domains (DBDs) and are assumed to passively follow their recruiting TFs. This is supported by direct AD-coactivator interactions seen in vitro but has not yet been tested in living cells. To examine that, we targeted two Med15-recruiting ADs to a range of budding yeast promoters through fusion with different DBDs. The DBD-AD fusions localized to hundreds of genomic sites but recruited Med15 and induced transcription in only a subset of bound promoters, characterized by a fuzzy-nucleosome architecture. Direct DBD-Med15 fusions shifted DBD localization towards fuzzy-nucleosome promoters, including promoters devoid of the endogenous Mediator. We propose that Med15, and perhaps other coactivators, possess inherent promoter preference and thus actively contribute to the selection of TF-induced genes.
Cryo-EM structure of DNA polymerase of African swine fever virus
Authors: Kuai Lu , Sun Junqing , Peng Qi , Zhao Xuejin , Yuan Bin , Liu Sheng , Bi Yuhai , Shi Yi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is one of the most important causative agents of animal diseases and can cause highly fatal diseases in swine. ASFV DNA polymerase (DNAPol) is responsible for genome replication and highly conserved in all viral genotypes showing an ideal target for drug development. Here, we systematically determined the structures of ASFV DNAPol in apo, replicating and editing states. Structural analysis revealed that ASFV DNAPol had a classical right-handed structure and showed the highest similarity to the structure of human polymerase delta. Intriguingly, ASFV DNAPol has a much longer fingers subdomain, and the thumb and palm subdomain form a unique interaction that has never been seen. Mutagenesis work revealed that the loss of this unique interaction decreased the enzymatic activity. We also found that the β-hairpin of ASFV DNAPol is located below the template strand in the editing state, which is different from the editing structures of other known B family DNAPols with the β-hairpin above the template strand. It suggests that B family DNAPols have evolved two ways to facilitate the dsDNA unwinding during the transition from replicating into editing state. These findings figured out the working mechanism of ASFV DNAPol and will provide a critical structural basis for the development of antiviral drugs.
Postacute Sequelae of COVID (PASC or Long COVID): An Evidenced-Based Approach
Authors: Griffin Daniel O 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
While the acute manifestations of infectious diseases are well known, in some individuals, symptoms can either persist or appear after the acute period. Postviral fatigue syndromes are recognized with other viral infections and are described after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We have a growing number of individuals with symptoms that persist for weeks, months, and years. Here, we share the evidence regarding the abnormalities associated with postacute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) and therapeutics. We describe physiological and biochemical abnormalities seen in individuals reporting PASC. We describe the several evidence-based interventions to offer patients. It is expected that this growing understanding of the mechanisms driving PASC and the benefits seen with certain therapeutics may not only lead to better outcomes for those with PASC but may also have the potential for understanding and treating other postinfectious sequelae.
Characteristics of Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Caused by Different Beta-hemolytic Streptococci Species: A Single-center Retrospective Study
Authors: Inada Makoto , Iwamoto Noriko , Nomoto Hidetoshi , Tsuzuki Shinya , Takemoto Norihiko , Fuwa Noriko , Moriya Ataru , Ohmagari Norio 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS) is a life-threatening condition caused by beta-hemolytic streptococci (BHS). Streptococcus pyogenes is the main causative agent of this disease; other BHS such as Streptococcus agalactiae or Streptococcus dysgalactiae could also cause STSS. However, the clinical characteristics of STSS caused by other types of BHS remain poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the likelihood of STSS development in various streptococcal species.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective observational study using adult medical records of patients with invasive BHS in a tertiary care institution from 2002 to 2022 and classified them into STSS or non-STSS groups. Multivariable analysis of bacterial species adjusted for age and diabetes mellitus was conducted. S pyogenes cases were propensity-matched (1:4) to non-pyogenes BHS cases.

Results
A total of 43 STSS and 285 non-STSS cases were identified. S pyogenes, S agalactiae, and S dysgalactiae accounted for 17, 13, and 13 STSS cases, respectively. The crude mortality of STSS was approximately 35% in all groups. A multivariable analysis suggested that STSS was less frequent in S agalactiae and S dysgalactiae cases with odds ratio 0.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.10–0.54; P &lt; .001) and 0.23 (95% CI, .10–.55; P &lt; .001), respectively. Propensity score matching showed that S pyogenes caused STSS more frequently than other BHS cases with an odds ratio of 3.28 (95% CI 1.21–8.77; P = .010).

Conclusions
This study described and compared the clinical characteristics of STSS caused by different BHS. We demonstrated that S pyogenes caused STSS more often than other BHS.
Evolution of Laboratory Diagnostics for Cryptococcosis and Missing Links to Optimize Diagnosis and Outcomes in Resource-Constrained Settings
Authors: Kwizera Richard , Kiiza Tadeo K , Akampurira Andrew , Kimuda Sarah , Mugabi Timothy , Meya David B 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cryptococcal meningitis is one of the leading causes of death in sub-Saharan Africa among patients with advanced HIV disease. Early diagnosis is crucial in improving treatment outcomes. Despite advances and the availability of modern and point-of-care diagnostics for cryptococcosis, gaps still exist in resource-constrained settings, leading to unfavorable treatment outcomes. Here, we review the current outstanding issues or missing links that need to be filled to optimize the diagnosis of cryptococcosis in resource-constrained settings to improve treatment outcomes. We highlight the evolution of cryptococcosis diagnostics; the roles of early fungicidal activity, cryptococcal antigen titers, antifungal susceptibility testing, and therapeutic drug monitoring; and the missing links to optimize diagnosis and outcomes, including practical recommendations.
Colo-colonic intussusception secondary to Burkitt lymphoma with concurrent malignant small bowel mesh adhesion
Authors: Ho Mei Jing , Syed Faisal , Wielebinski Wieslawa Mary , Galketiya Kamal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Intussusception is a rare presentation in adult population and usually occurs secondary to an underlying pathology. We report an unusual case of a 28-year-old female who developed a colo-colonic intussusception secondary to Burkitt lymphoma which was managed with an extended right hemicolectomy. The case was further complicated by a segment of small bowel with malignant adhesion to a prosthetic mesh requiring resection of the involved segment of small bowel. We have discussed the significance of this case as well as general considerations in the surgical management of adult intussusception.
Giant molecular clouds and their type classification in M 74: Toward understanding star formation and cloud evolution
Authors: Demachi Fumika , Fukui Yasuo , Yamada Rin I , Tachihara Kengo , Hayakawa Takahiro , Tokuda Kazuki , Fujita Shinji , Kobayashi Masato I N , Muraoka Kazuyuki , Konishi Ayu , Tsuge Kisetsu , Onishi Toshikazu , Kawamura Akiko 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe investigated the giant molecular clouds (GMCs) in M 74 (NGC 628), using data obtained from the PHANGS (Physics at High Angular resolution in Nearby GalaxieS) project. We applied GMC types according to the activity of star formation: Type I without star formation, Type II with H$\alpha$ luminosity ($L_{\mathrm{H\alpha }}$) less than $10^{37.5}\ \rm{erg\ s ^{-1}}$, and Type III with $L_{\mathrm{H\alpha }}$ greater than $10^{37.5}\ \rm{erg\ s^{-1}}$. A total of 432 GMCs were identified, with 59, 201, and 172 GMCs, for Types I, II, and III, respectively. The size and mass of the GMCs range from 23 to 238 pc and $10^{4.9}$ to $10^{7.1}\, M_{\odot }$, indicating that the mass and radius increase from Types I to III. Clusters younger than 4 Myr and H ii regions are concentrated within 150 pc of a GMC, indicating a tight association between these young objects and GMCs. The virial ratio decreases from Type I to Type III, indicating that Type III GMCs are the most gravitationally relaxed among the three. We interpret that the GMCs evolve from Type I to Type III, as previously observed in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Based on a steady-state assumption, the estimated evolutionary timescales of Types I, II, and III are 1, 5, and 4 Myr, respectively. We assume that the timescale of Type III is equal to the age of the associated clusters, indicating a GMC lifetime of 10 Myr or longer. Although Chevance et al. (2020, MNRAS, 493, 2872) investigated GMCs using the same PHANGS dataset of M 74, they did not define a GMC, reaching an evolutionary picture with a 20 Myr duration of the non-star-forming phase, which is five times longer than 4 Myr. We compare the present results with those of Chevance et al. (2020, MNRAS, 493, 2872) and argue that defining individual GMCs is essential for understanding GMC evolution.
TaCAMTA4 negatively regulates H2O2-dependent wheat leaf rust resistance by activating catalase 1 expression
Authors: Sun Tianjie , Ma Nan , Jiao Yuanyuan , Wang Qian , Wang Qipeng , Liu Na , Chen Yan , Han Shengfang , Hou Chunyan , Wang Rongna , Wang Dongmei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Erikss. (Pt), is a serious disease threatening wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production worldwide. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) triggered by Pt infection in resistant wheat cultivars cause oxidative damage directly to biomolecules or is activated by calcium signaling and mediates the hypersensitive response. Calmodulin-binding transcriptional activator 4 (TaCAMTA4) has been reported to negatively regulate wheat resistance to Pt. In this study, we found that TaCAMTA4 was induced by Pt race 165 in its compatible host harboring the Pt-resistant locus Lr26, TcLr26, and silencing of TaCAMTA4 increased local H2O2 accumulation and Pt resistance. Subcellular localization and autoactivation tests revealed that TaCAMTA4 is a nucleus-localized transcriptional activator. Furthermore, 4 DNA motifs recognized by TaCAMTA4 were identified by transcription factor-centered Y1H. Through analyzing the transcriptome database, 4 gene clusters were identified, each containing a different DNA motif on each promoter. Among them, the expression of catalase 1 (TaCAT1) with motif-1 was highly induced in the compatible interaction and was decreased when TaCAMTA4 was silenced. The results of electrophoretic mobility shift assay, ChIP-qPCR, and RT-qPCR further showed that TaCAMTA4 directly bound motif-1 in the TaCAT1 promoter. Furthermore, silencing of TaCAT1 resulted in enhanced resistance to Pt and increased local H2O2 accumulation in wheat, which is consistent with that of TaCAMTA4. Since calmodulin-binding transcription activators are Ca2+ sensors and catalases catalyze the decomposition of H2O2, we hypothesize that Ca2+ regulates the plant immune networks that are controlled by H2O2 and implicate a potential mechanism for Pt to suppress resistance by inducing the expression of the TaCAMTA4-TaCAT1 module, which consequently enhances H2O2 scavenging and attenuates H2O2-dependent resistance.
How can event attribution science underpin financial decisions on Loss and Damage?
Authors: Coumou Dim , Arias Paola A , Bastos Ana , Gonzales Charlotte Kendra Gotangco , Hegerl Gabriele C , Hope Pandora , Jack Christopher , Otto Friederike , Saeed Fahad , Serdeczny Olivia , Shepherd Theodore G , Vautard Robert 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
With climate extremes hitting nations across the globe, disproportionately burdening vulnerable developing countries, the prompt operation of the Loss and Damage fund is of paramount importance. As decisions on resource disbursement at the international level, and investment strategies at the national level, loom, the climate science community's role in providing fair and effective evidence is crucial. Attribution science can provide useful information for decision makers, but both ethical implications and deep uncertainty cannot be ignored. Considering these aspects, we articulate a vision that integrates established attribution methods and multiple lines of evidence within a coherent logical framework.
Predicting and understanding photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction with IR spectroscopy-based interpretable machine learning framework
Authors: Wang Yanxia , Sun Yanjuan , Liu Xinyan , Dong Fan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The highly selective conversion of carbon dioxide into value-added products is extremely valuable. However, even with the aid of in situ characterization techniques, it remains challenging to directly correlate extensive spectral data carrying microscopic information with macroscopic performance. Herein, we adopted advanced machine learning (ML) approaches to establish an accurate and interpretable relationship between vibrational spectral signals and catalytic performances to uncover hidden physical insights. Focusing on photocatalytic CO2 reduction, our model is shown to effectively and accurately predict the CO production activity and selectivity based solely on the infrared (IR) spectral signals, the generalizability of which is additionally demonstrated with a new Bi5O7I photocatalytic system. More importantly, further model analysis has revealed a novel strategy to steer CO selectivity, the physical sanity of which is verified by a detailed reaction mechanism analysis. This work demonstrates the tremendous potential of machine-learned spectroscopy to efficiently identify reaction control factors, which can further lay the foundation for targeted optimization and reverse design.