bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-objective optimal reactive power dispatch to maximize power system social welfare in the presence of generalized unified power flow controller
Authors: Suresh Chintalapudi Venkata , Sivangaraju Sirigiri 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In this paper a novel non-linear optimization problem is formulated to maximize the social welfare in restructured environment with generalized unified power flow controller (GUPFC). This paper presents a methodology to optimally allocate the reactive power by minimizing voltage deviation at load buses and total transmission power losses so as to maximize the social welfare. The conventional active power generation cost function is modified by combining costs of reactive power generated by the generators, shunt capacitors and total power losses to it. The formulated objectives are optimized individually and simultaneously as multi-objective optimization problem, while satisfying equality, in-equality, practical and device operational constraints. A new optimization method, based on two stage initialization and random distribution processes is proposed to test the effectiveness of the proposed approach on IEEE-30 bus system, and the detailed analysis is carried out.
Flux-weakening control methods for hybrid excitation synchronous motor
Authors: Mingming Huang , Xinjun Guo , Ping Jin , Quanzhen Huang , Yuping Liu , Na Li 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The hybrid excitation synchronous motor (HESM), which aim at combining the advantages of permanent magnet motor and wound excitation motor, have the characteristics of low-speed high-torque hill climbing and wide speed range. Firstly, a new kind of HESM is presented in the paper, and its structure and mathematical model are illustrated. Then, based on a space voltage vector control, a novel flux-weakening method for speed adjustment in the high speed region is presented. The unique feature of the proposed control method is that the HESM driving system keeps the q-axis back-EMF components invariable during the flux-weakening operation process. Moreover, a copper loss minimization algorithm is adopted to reduce the copper loss of the HESM in the high speed region. Lastly, the proposed method is validated by the simulation and the experimental results.
Intraparenchymal ultrasound application and improved distribution of infusate with convection-enhanced delivery in rodent and nonhuman primate brain
Authors: Mano Yui , Saito Ryuta , Haga Yoichi , Matsunaga Tadao , Zhang Rong , Chonan Masashi , Haryu Shinya , Shoji Takuhiro , Sato Aya , Sonoda Yukihiko , Tsuruoka Noriko , Nishiyachi Keisuke , Sumiyoshi Akira , Nonaka Hiroi , Kawashima Ryuta , Tominaga Teiji 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is an effective drug delivery method that delivers high concentrations of drugs directly into the targeted lesion beyond the blood-brain barrier. However, the drug distribution attained using CED has not satisfactorily covered the entire targeted lesion in tumors such as glioma. Recently, the efficacy of ultrasound assistance was reported for various drug delivery applications. The authors developed a new ultrasound-facilitated drug delivery (UFD) system that enables the application of ultrasound at the infusion site. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of the UFD system and to examine effective ultrasound profiles.

METHODS
The authors fabricated a steel bar-based device that generates ultrasound and enables infusion of the aqueous drug from one end of the bar. The volume of distribution (Vd) after infusion of 10 ml of 2% Evans blue dye (EBD) into rodent brain was tested with different frequencies and applied voltages: 252 kHz/30 V; 252 kHz/60 V; 524 kHz/13 V; 524 kHz/30 V; and 524 kHz/60 V. In addition, infusion of 5 mM gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) was tested with 260 kHz/60 V, the distribution of which was evaluated using a 7-T MRI unit. In a nonhuman primate (Macaca fascicularis) study, 300 μl of 1 mM Gd-DTPA/EBD was infused. The final distribution was evaluated using MRI. Two-sample comparisons were made by Student t-test, and 1-way ANOVA was used for multiple comparisons. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS
After infusion of 10 μl of EBD into the rat brain using the UFD system, the Vds of EBD in the UFD groups were significantly larger than those of the control group. When a frequency of 252 kHz was applied, the Vd of the group in which 60 V was applied was significantly larger than that of the group in which 30 V was used. When a frequency of 524 kHz was applied, the Vd tended to increase with application of a higher voltage; however, the differences were not significant (1-way ANOVA). The Vd of Gd-DTPA was also significantly larger in the UFD group than in the control group (p < 0.05, Student t-test). The volume of Gd-DTPA in the nonhuman primate used in this study was 1209.8 ± 193.6 mm3. This volume was much larger than that achieved by conventional CED (568.6 ± 141.0 mm3).

CONCLUSIONS
The UFD system facilitated the distribution of EBD and Gd-DTPA more effectively than conventional CED. Lower frequency and higher applied voltage using resonance frequencies might be more effective to enlarge the Vd. The UFD system may provide a new treatment approach for CNS disorders.
Neuroimaging characteristics of ruptured aneurysm as predictors of outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: pooled analyses of the SAHIT cohort
Authors: Jaja Blessing N. R. , Lingsma Hester , Steyerberg Ewout W. , Schweizer Tom A. , Thorpe Kevin E. , Macdonald R. Loch 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Neuroimaging characteristics of ruptured aneurysms are important to guide treatment selection, and they have been studied for their value as outcome predictors following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Despite multiple studies, the prognostic value of aneurysm diameter, location, and extravasated SAH clot on computed tomography scan remains debatable. The authors aimed to more precisely ascertain the relation of these factors to outcome.

METHODS
The data sets of studies included in the Subarachnoid Hemorrhage International Trialists (SAHIT) repository were analyzed including data on ruptured aneurysm location and diameter (7 studies, n = 9125) and on subarachnoid clot graded on the Fisher scale (8 studies; n = 9452) for the relation to outcome on the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at 3 months. Prognostic strength was quantified by fitting proportional odds logistic regression models. Univariable odds ratios (ORs) were pooled across studies using random effects models. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for fixed effect of study, age, neurological status on admission, other neuroimaging factors, and treatment modality. The neuroimaging predictors were assessed for their added incremental predictive value measured as partial R2.

RESULTS
Spline plots indicated outcomes were worse at extremes of aneurysm size, i.e., less than 4 or greater than 9 mm. In between, aneurysm size had no effect on outcome (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.98–1.09 for 9 mm vs 4 mm, i.e., 75th vs 25th percentile), except in those who were treated conservatively (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.02–1.35). Compared with anterior cerebral artery aneurysms, posterior circulation aneurysms tended to result in slightly poorer outcome in patients who underwent endovascular coil embolization (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.82–1.57) or surgical clipping (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.10–1.57); the relation was statistically significant only in the latter. Fisher CT subarachnoid clot burden was related to outcome in a gradient manner. Each of the studied predictors accounted for less than 1% of the explained variance in outcome.

CONCLUSIONS
This study, which is based on the largest cohort of patients so far analyzed, has more precisely determined the prognostic value of the studied neuroimaging factors. Treatment choice has strong influence on the prognostic effect of aneurysm size and location. These findings should guide the development of reliable prognostic models and inform the design and analysis of future prospective studies, including clinical trials.
Hemispheric surgery for refractory epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis with emphasis on seizure predictors and outcomes
Authors: Hu Wen-Han , Zhang Chao , Zhang Kai , Shao Xiao-Qiu , Zhang Jian-Guo 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Conflicting conclusions have been reported regarding several factors that may predict seizure outcomes after hemispheric surgery for refractory epilepsy. The goal of this study was to identify the possible predictors of seizure outcome by pooling the rates of postoperative seizure freedom found in the published literature.

METHODS
A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library identified English-language articles published since 1970 that describe seizure outcomes in patients who underwent hemispheric surgery for refractory epilepsy. Two reviewers independently assessed article eligibility and extracted the data. The authors pooled rates of seizure freedom from papers included in the study. Eight potential prognostic variables were identified and dichotomized for analyses. The authors also compared continuous variables within seizure-free and seizure-recurrent groups. Random- or fixed-effects models were used in the analyses depending on the presence or absence of heterogeneity.

RESULTS
The pooled seizure-free rate among the 1528 patients (from 56 studies) who underwent hemispheric surgery was 73%. Patients with an epilepsy etiology of developmental disorders, generalized seizures, nonlateralization on electroencephalography, and contralateral MRI abnormalities had reduced odds of being seizure-free after surgery.

CONCLUSIONS
Hemispheric surgery is an effective therapeutic modality for medically intractable epilepsy. This meta-analysis provides useful evidence-based information for the selection of candidates for hemispheric surgery, presurgical counseling, and explanation of seizure outcomes.
Penetrating head injuries in children due to BB and pellet guns: a poorly recognized public health risk
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Kumar Ramesh , Mallory Grant W. , Jacob Jeffrey T. , Daniels David J. , Wetjen Nicholas M. , Foy Andrew B. , O’Neill Brent R. , Clarke Michelle J. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
Nonpowder guns, defined as spring- or gas-powered BB or pellet guns, can be dangerous weapons that are often marketed to children. In recent decades, advances in compressed-gas technology have led to a significant increase in the power and muzzle velocity of these weapons. The risk of intracranial injury in children due to nonpowder weapons is poorly documented.

METHODS
A retrospective review was conducted at 3 institutions studying children 16 years or younger who had intracranial injuries secondary to nonpowder guns.

RESULTS
The authors reviewed 14 cases of intracranial injury in children from 3 institutions. Eleven (79%) of the 14 children were injured by BB guns, while 3 (21%) were injured by pellet guns. In 10 (71%) children, the injury was accidental. There was 1 recognized assault, but there were no suicide attempts; in the remaining 3 patients, the intention was indeterminate. There were no mortalities among the patients in this series. Ten (71%) of the children required operative intervention, and 6 (43%) were left with permanent neurological injuries, including epilepsy, cognitive deficits, hydrocephalus, diplopia, visual field cut, and blindness.

CONCLUSIONS
Nonpowder guns are weapons with the ability to penetrate a child’s skull and brain. Awareness should be raised among parents, children, and policy makers as to the risk posed by these weapons.
Young adults with spina bifida transitioned to a medical home: a survey of medical care in Jacksonville, Florida
Authors: Aguilera Antonio M. , Wood David L. , Keeley Cortney , James Hector E. , Aldana Philipp R. 
Published: October 2015

OBJECT
The transition of the young adult with spina bifida (YASB) from pediatric to adult health care is considered a priority by organized pediatrics. There is a paucity of transition programs and related studies. Jacksonville Health and Transition Services (JaxHATS) is one such transition program in Jacksonville, Florida. This study’s purpose was to evaluate the health care access, utilization, and quality of life (QOL) of a group of YASBs who have transitioned from pediatric care.

METHODS
A survey tool addressing access to health care and quality of health and life was developed based on an established survey. Records of the Spinal Defects Clinic held at Wolfson Children’s Hospital and JaxHATS Clinic were reviewed and YASBs (> 18 and < 30 years old) were identified.

RESULTS
Ten of the 12 invited YASBs in the Jacksonville area completed the surveys. The mean age of respondents was 25.1 years. All reported regular medical home visits, 8 with JaxHATS and 2 with other family care groups. All reported easy access to medical care and routine visits to spina bifida (SB) specialists; none reported difficulty or delays in obtaining health care. Only 2 patients required emergent care in the last year for an SB-related medical problem. Seven respondents reported very good to excellent QOL. Family, lifestyle, and environmental factors were also examined.

CONCLUSIONS
In this small group of YASBs with a medical home, easy access to care for medical conditions was the norm, with few individuals having recent emergency visits and almost all reporting at least a good overall QOL. Larger studies of YASBs are needed to evaluate the positive effects of medical homes on health and QOL in this population.
« Ceux qui ne boivent pas perdent le chemin de leurs ancêtres ». Évolution des usages sociaux de l’alcool dans une communauté indigène des Hautes Terres du Chiapas
Authors: Chosson Marie 
Published: October 2015

Dans les communautés indigènes mayas tseltal des Hautes Terres du Chiapas, l’alcool joue, depuis toujours, un rôle fondamental dans de nombreux processus de la vie sociale. Cette contribution se propose, dans un premier temps, de revenir sur ces pratiques et représentations émiques relatives à la consommation d’alcool ainsi que sur les critères distinguant, selon les traditionalistes, le « bien boire » de l’alcoolisme jugé négatif. Sera évoquée ensuite l’émergence d’une nouvelle dimension symbolique des usages traditionnels de l’alcool. En manifestation à de récents bouleversements au sein de la communauté villageoise d’Aguacatenango, la fonction des pratiques de consommation d’alcool dépassent aujourd’hui le seul aspect de structuration des relations entre individus et avec les entités divines. Le maintien de ces pratiques est aujourd’hui devenu, pour les traditionalistes, un enjeu essentiel de préservation de ce qu’ils considèrent comme leur identité culturelle.
Les fonctions ambivalentes de l’alcool en milieu de travail : bon objet et mauvais objet
Authors: Crespin Renaud , Lhuilier Dominique , Lutz Gladys 
Published: October 2015

La construction sociale de la problématique alcool et travail retient essentiellement la figure de l’alcoolique chronique ou les états d’ivresse, troubles à l’ordre productif. Afin d’élargir l’analyse, nous étudions ici les différents types d’usages de l’alcool et leurs principales fonctions. Méthode : Cette recherche-action s’appuie sur des entretiens dialogiques, individuels (25) et collectifs (6), visant l’exploration des trajectoires professionnelles et de consommation, articulées à l’analyse du travail. Résultats : La consommation d’alcool est une conduite paradoxale : elle vise la prévention des risques du travail et constitue une ressource face aux épreuves du travail. La typologie de ses fonctions professionnelles distingue l’anesthésie ; la stimulation ; la récupération ; l’entretien des liens professionnels. Conclusion : Les consommations d’alcool, adjuvant chimique de l’action, s’insèrent étroitement aux modalités d’organisation et de régulation du travail.
Représentations sociales de l’alcoolisme féminin et masculin en fonction des pratiques de consommation d’alcool
Authors: Taschini Elsa , Urdapilleta Isabel , Verlhiac Jean-François , Tavani Jean Louis 
Published: October 2015

L’étude que nous présentons dans cet article a un triple objectif : (1) explorer les représentations sociales de l’alcoolisme féminin, (2) étudier l’influence des pratiques de consommation d’alcool (évaluées par l’Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) sur les représentations sociales de l’alcoolisme masculin et féminin en France, enfin (3) étudier l’influence du genre des participants sur la construction sociale de ces deux objets. Un échantillon de 436 Français de 18 à 64 ans a effectué une tâche d’associations libres à partir des mots inducteurs « alcoolisme féminin » et « alcoolisme masculin ». Les résultats, traités par Analyses Factorielles des Correspondances, montrent la dualité de la consommation d’alcool pour les deux objets. L’alcoolisme masculin et celui féminin se caractérisent à la fois par le contexte de consommation positif associé à l’aspect festif de l’alcool, mais également par des termes évaluatifs (négatifs) et par des termes descriptifs pour qualifier respectivement l’alcoolisme féminin et l’alcoolisme masculin. Si des causes communes sont assorties à ces deux formes d’alcoolisme, l’alcoolisme féminin semble être associé au besoin de s’échapper, alors que l’alcoolisme masculin est associé à la fois à une vulnérabilité psychologique et à un effet du groupe de pairs. Les conséquences de l’alcoolisme pour les deux objets sont la déchéance, l’isolement et la violence, mais l’alcoolisme masculin est plus particulièrement associé au danger pour le consommateur ou pour autrui alors que pour l’alcoolisme féminin le danger semble exister uniquement pour la consommatrice. Ces résultats sont modulés par le niveau de pratiques de consommation d’alcool des participants, leur sexe et leur âge.
Médecins et maternité au début du XX e siècle en France
Authors: Le Den Mariette 
Published: October 2015

De par leur légitimité scientifique et leur capital social et culturel, les médecins français ont détenu durant des siècles le monopole du savoir sur les femmes, alors considérées comme des mères « par nature » et réduites à leur seule faculté de génitrices. Au début du XX e siècle, cette vision de la femme est plus que tenace dans le milieu médical, bien décidé à enrayer la baisse de la natalité et le péril vénérien par une incitation générale des femmes à la « bonne » maternité. Ainsi, se basant sur la légitimité de leurs découvertes, les médecins, qui semblent souvent se muer en anthropologues moralistes, vont s’accaparer la gestion de la vie reproductive et sexuelle des femmes en cherchant par tous les moyens à optimiser leur fonction maternelle. Ce faisant, ils contribuent à la définition et à la normalisation de leur fécondité ainsi qu’à la stigmatisation de ce qui va à l’encontre de leur capacité à enfanter.
Les professionnels de santé en Europe : contribution à une définition unitaire
Authors: Roynier Céline 
Published: October 2015

La profession de santé n’est pas définie en tant que notion. Envisager les définitions juridiques des professions de santé dans certains systèmes européens apporte sur ce point un éclairage complémentaire de celui des sciences politiques : au-delà de la combinaison des critères de la qualification et des actes pour identifier les professions de santé, le droit espagnol ou encore britannique utilise un troisième critère, celui de missions du système de santé. L’on se rend alors compte que le droit français l’utilise également pour définir la profession d’infirmier/infirmière ou encore celle de médecin généraliste.
La grève de la force publique de São Paulo (13 et 14 janvier 1961)
Authors: Rosemberg André 
Published: October 2015

Cet article étudie la grève de la Force publique (Força pública) qui se déroula à São Paulo les 13 et 14 janvier 1961. La Force publique est une police militaire, en tenue et armée, patrouillant dans les rues. Cette grève s’inscrit dans le contexte de grands bouleversements sociopolitiques du début des années 1960 et constitue un épisode situé en amont de la chute du régime démocratique en vigueur au Brésil depuis 1946. Rétrospectivement, on peut mettre en évidence que ce mouvement de grève représente un condensé des multiples tensions idéologiques relatives à la fois aux intérêts corporatifs de la police et aux projets politiques pour l’avenir du pays.
Les évacuations de 1939 en Moselle et en Sarre
Authors: Williams Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2015

À la suite de l’invasion allemande de la Pologne en septembre 1939, plus de cinq cent mille personnes sont évacuées de chaque côté de la frontière franco-allemande. Pour les plus d’un million de civils évacués, les dix mois qui suivent représentent un « exil intérieur ». Il va sans dire que de telles mesures ne se préparent pas en un jour. Les préparatifs desdites évacuations commencent beaucoup plus tôt en France qu’en Allemagne, mais subissent cependant dans les deux pays des changements par rapport aux mesures envisagées initialement. Dans la présente contribution, les planifications des évacuations de la population civile entre les deux lignes fortifiées, Maginot et Siegfried, sont analysées et comparées en détail.
Bescherm het slachtoffer, begin bij de verdachte
Authors: Veraart W.J. 
Published: October 2015

Protect the victim, start with the accused
This article argues that the notion of ‘victim’ primarily refers to the position of the person who, in the course of a (sacred, religious, legal, etc.) procedure, is ritually sacrificed to avert the wrath of the gods or to preserve peace in the community. In early modernity the Latin victima (sacrificial animal) was also used as a reference to Jesus Christ. Christ was seen as the Lamb of God, the innocent sacrificial lamb which, after an unfair trial, was crucified and died for the sins of the world. In the eighteenth century, under influence of the Enlightenment, the victim concept has been secularized and come to refer to every casualty of bad luck, crime, or disaster. Art history, however, offers interesting examples of pictures of mythical figures such as Sisyphus and Prometheus, representing early images of secularized victimhood in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. In the present day, the concept of victimhood is often used to define the position of the injured party in criminal proceedings. In this frame, the injured victim, looking for legal recognition, is juxtaposed against the position of the accused who is characterized as the possible culprit. However, reflection on the history of the victim concept reveals that it primarily refers to the position of the wrongly or falsely accused or condemned in the course of legal (or pseudolegal) proceedings. A state governed by the rule of law (‘rechtsstaat’) can be defined as a legal form of society which does its utmost to avoid the justice system producing its own victims. In this approach, a victim-oriented criminal justice system is fully aware of the need to protect precisely those who are threatened by the power of the state and public opinion because they are in the dock.
Der RegE des VSBG aus verbraucherrechtlicher und -politischer Sicht
Authors: Tonner Klaus 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
In dem Beitrag wird bedauert, dass der Regierungsentwurf für ein Verbraucherstreitbeilegungsgesetz (VSBG-E) nur in wenigen Fällen über die Minimalstandards der AS-Richtlinie hinausgeht. Es werden Vorschläge für das weitere Gesetzgebungsverfahren unterbreitet, wo noch Nachbesserungsbedarf gesehen wird. Insbesondere sollten Streitmittler Volljuristen sein, und Entscheidungen der Schlichtungsstellen sollten wenigstens in Auswahl veröffentlicht werden.