bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intracellular annexin A2 regulates NF-κB signaling by binding to the p50 subunit: implications for gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Jung H , Kim J S , Kim W K , Oh K-J , Kim J-M , Lee H J , Han B S , Kim D S , Seo Y S , Lee S C , Park S G , Bae K-H 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAnnexin A2 (ANXA2) expression is highly upregulated in many types of cancer. Although cell surface localization of ANXA2 has been reported to have a critical role in the progression and metastasis of a variety of tumors, including pancreatic cancer, the biological role of intracellular ANXA2 is not fully understood. Herein the role of intracellular ANXA2 was investigated in a pancreatic cancer cell line. We first determined whether ANXA2 is involved in NF-κB signaling pathways. ANXA2 bound to the p50 subunit of NF-κB in a calcium-independent manner, and the ANXA2–p50 complex translocated into the nucleus. Furthermore, ANXA2 increased the transcriptional activity of NF-κB in both the resting and activated states and upregulated the transcription of several target genes downstream of NF-κB, including that encoding interleukin (IL)-6, which contributes to anti-apoptotic signaling. In Mia-Paca2 cells, we determined the effects of wild-type ANXA2 and an ANXA2 mutant, Y23A, which suppresses the cell surface localization, on upregulation of NF-κB transcriptional activity and secretion of IL-6. Both wild-type and Y23A ANXA2 induced anti-apoptotic effects in response to treatment with tumor necrosis factor-α or gemcitabine. Based on these results, we suggest that ANXA2 mediates resistance to gemcitabine by directly increasing the activity of NF-κB. Collectively, these data may provide additional information about the biological role of ANXA2 in pancreatic cancer and suggest that ANXA2 is a potential biomarker for the drug resistance phenotype and a candidate therapeutic target for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
Die for the community: an overview of programmed cell death in bacteria
Authors: Allocati N , Masulli M , Di Ilio C , De Laurenzi V 
Published: January 2015

AbstractProgrammed cell death is a process known to have a crucial role in many aspects of eukaryotes physiology and is clearly essential to their life. As a consequence, the underlying molecular mechanisms have been extensively studied in eukaryotes and we now know that different signalling pathways leading to functionally and morphologically different forms of death exist in these organisms. Similarly, mono-cellular organism can activate signalling pathways leading to death of a number of cells within a colony. The reason why a single-cell organism would activate a program leading to its death is apparently counterintuitive and probably for this reason cell death in prokaryotes has received a lot less attention in the past years. However, as summarized in this review there are many reasons leading to prokaryotic cell death, for the benefit of the colony. Indeed, single-celled organism can greatly benefit from multicellular organization. Within this forms of organization, regulation of death becomes an important issue, contributing to important processes such as: stress response, development, genetic transformation, and biofilm formation.
PINK1-induced mitophagy promotes neuroprotection in Huntington’s disease
Authors: Khalil B , El Fissi N , Aouane A , Cabirol-Pol M-J , Rival T , Liévens J-C 
Published: January 2015

AbstractHuntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by aberrant expansion of CAG repeat in the huntingtin gene. Mutant Huntingtin (mHtt) alters multiple cellular processes, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. Among those alterations, impaired mitochondrial metabolism seems to have a major role in HD pathogenesis. In this study, we used the Drosophila model system to further investigate the role of mitochondrial damages in HD. We first analyzed the impact of mHtt on mitochondrial morphology, and surprisingly, we revealed the formation of abnormal ring-shaped mitochondria in photoreceptor neurons. Because such mitochondrial spheroids were previously detected in cells where mitophagy is blocked, we analyzed the effect of PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1), which controls Parkin-mediated mitophagy. Consistently, we found that PINK1 overexpression alleviated mitochondrial spheroid formation in HD flies. More importantly, PINK1 ameliorated ATP levels, neuronal integrity and adult fly survival, demonstrating that PINK1 counteracts the neurotoxicity of mHtt. This neuroprotection was Parkin-dependent and required mitochondrial outer membrane proteins, mitofusin and the voltage-dependent anion channel. Consistent with our observations in flies, we demonstrated that the removal of defective mitochondria was impaired in HD striatal cells derived from HdhQ111 knock-in mice, and that overexpressing PINK1 in these cells partially restored mitophagy. The presence of mHtt did not affect Parkin-mediated mitochondrial ubiquitination but decreased the targeting of mitochondria to autophagosomes. Altogether, our findings suggest that mitophagy is altered in the presence of mHtt and that increasing PINK1/Parkin mitochondrial quality control pathway may improve mitochondrial integrity and neuroprotection in HD.
Mechanics of epithelial closure over non-adherent environments
Authors: Vedula Sri Ram Krishna , Peyret Grégoire , Cheddadi Ibrahim , Chen Tianchi , Brugués Agustí , Hirata Hiroaki , Lopez-Menendez Horacio , Toyama Yusuke , Neves de Almeida Luís , Trepat Xavier , Lim Chwee Teck , Ladoux Benoit 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe closure of gaps within epithelia is crucial to maintain its integrity during biological processes such as wound healing and gastrulation. Depending on the distribution of extracellular matrix, gap closure occurs through assembly of multicellular actin-based contractile cables or protrusive activity of border cells into the gap. Here we show that the supracellular actomyosin contractility of cells near the gap edge exerts sufficient tension on the surrounding tissue to promote closure of non-adherent gaps. Using traction force microscopy, we observe that cell-generated forces on the substrate at the gap edge first point away from the centre of the gap and then increase in the radial direction pointing into the gap as closure proceeds. Combining with numerical simulations, we show that the increase in force relies less on localized purse-string contractility and more on large-scale remodelling of the suspended tissue around the gap. Our results provide a framework for understanding the assembly and the mechanics of cellular contractility at the tissue level.
Tropical Atlantic temperature seasonality at the end of the last interglacial
Authors: Felis Thomas , Giry Cyril , Scholz Denis , Lohmann Gerrit , Pfeiffer Madlene , Pätzold Jürgen , Kölling Martin , Scheffers Sander R. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe end of the last interglacial period, ~118 kyr ago, was characterized by substantial ocean circulation and climate perturbations resulting from instabilities of polar ice sheets. These perturbations are crucial for a better understanding of future climate change. The seasonal temperature changes of the tropical ocean, however, which play an important role in seasonal climate extremes such as hurricanes, floods and droughts at the present day, are not well known for this period that led into the last glacial. Here we present a monthly resolved snapshot of reconstructed sea surface temperature in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean for 117.7±0.8 kyr ago, using coral Sr/Ca and δ18O records. We find that temperature seasonality was similar to today, which is consistent with the orbital insolation forcing. Our coral and climate model results suggest that temperature seasonality of the tropical surface ocean is controlled mainly by orbital insolation changes during interglacials.
Formation of Stoichiometric CsFn Compounds
Authors: Zhu Qiang , Oganov Artem R. , Zeng Qingfeng 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAlkali halidesMX, have been viewed as typical ionic compounds, characterized by 1:1 ratio necessary for charge balance between M+and X−. It was proposed that group I elements like Cs can be oxidized further under high pressure. Here we perform a comprehensive study for the CsF-F system at pressures up to 100 GPa and find extremely versatile chemistry. A series of CsFn(n≥ 1) compounds are predicted to be stable already at ambient pressure. Under pressure, 5pelectrons of Cs atoms become active, with growing tendency to form Cs (III) and (V) valence states at fluorine-rich conditions. Although Cs (II) and (IV) are not energetically favoured, the interplay between two mechanisms (polyfluoride anions and polyvalent Cs cations) allows CsF2and CsF4compounds to be stable under pressure. The estimated defluorination temperatures of CsFn(n= 2,3,5) compounds at atmospheric pressure (218°C, 150°C, -15°C, respectively), are attractive for fluorine storage applications.
Assessing Cholesterol Storage in Live Cells and C. elegans by Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging of Phenyl-Diyne Cholesterol
Authors: Lee Hyeon Jeong , Zhang Wandi , Zhang Delong , Yang Yang , Liu Bin , Barker Eric L. , Buhman Kimberly K. , Slipchenko Lyudmila V. , Dai Mingji , Cheng Ji-Xin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractWe report a cholesterol imaging method using rationally synthesized phenyl-diyne cholesterol (PhDY-Chol) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscope. The phenyl-diyne group is biologically inert and provides a Raman scattering cross section that is 88 times larger than the endogenous C = O stretching mode. SRS microscopy offers an imaging speed that is faster than spontaneous Raman microscopy by three orders of magnitude and a detection sensitivity of 31 μM PhDY-Chol (~1,800 molecules in the excitation volume). Inside living CHO cells, PhDY-Chol mimics the behavior of cholesterol, including membrane incorporation and esterification. In a cellular model of Niemann-Pick type C disease, PhDY-Chol reflects the lysosomal accumulation of cholesterol and shows relocation to lipid droplets after HPβCD treatment. In live C. elegans, PhDY-Chol mimics cholesterol uptake by intestinal cells and reflects cholesterol storage. Together, our work demonstrates an enabling platform for study of cholesterol storage and trafficking in living cells and vital organisms.
The Hd, Hj, and Hz66 flagella variants of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi modify host responses and cellular interactions
Authors: Schreiber Fernanda , Kay Sally , Frankel Gad , Clare Simon , Goulding David , van de Vosse Esther , van Dissel Jaap T. , Strugnell Richard , Thwaites Guy , Kingsley Robert A. , Dougan Gordon , Baker Stephen 
Published: January 2015

AbstractSalmonellaTyphi, the causative agent of typhoid fever, is a monophyletic, human-restricted bacterium that exhibits limited phenotypic variation.S. Typhi from Indonesia are a notable exception, with circulating strains expressing diverse flagella antigens including Hj,Hdand Hz66. Hypothesizing thatS. Typhi flagella plays a key role during infection, we constructed anS. TyphifliCmutant and otherwise isogenicS. Typhi strains expressing the Hj,Hd, Hz66flagella antigens. Phenotyping revealed differences in flagellum structure, strain motility and immunogenicity, but not in the ability of flagellated isolates to induce TLR5 activity. Invasion assays using epithelial and macrophage cell lines revealed differences in the ability of theseS. Typhi derivatives to invade cells or induce cellular restructuring in the form of ruffles. Notably, the Hjvariant induced substantial ruffles that were not fully dependent on the GTPases that contribute to this process. These data highlight important differences in the phenotypic properties ofS. Typhi flagella variation and how they impact on the pathogenesis ofS. Typhi.
Determining the Pathogenicity of Genetic Variants Associated with Cardiac Channelopathies
Authors: Campuzano Oscar , Allegue Catarina , Fernandez Anna , Iglesias Anna , Brugada Ramon 
Published: January 2015

AbstractAdvancements in genetic screening have generated massive amounts of data on genetic variation; however, a lack of clear pathogenic stratification has left most variants classified as being of unknown significance. This is a critical limitation for translating genetic data into clinical practice. Genetic screening is currently recommended in the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of cardiac channelopathies, which are major contributors to sudden cardiac death in young people. We propose to characterize the pathogenicity of genetic variants associated with cardiac channelopathies using a stratified scoring system. The development of this system was considered by using all of the tools currently available to define pathogenicity. The use of this scoring system could help clinicians to understand the limitations of genetic associations with a disease and help them better define the role that genetics can have in their clinical routine.
Intraoperative vascular DIVA surgery reveals angiogenic hotspots in tumor zones of malignant gliomas
Authors: Eyüpoglu Ilker Y. , Hore Nirjhar , Fan Zheng , Buslei Rolf , Merkel Andreas , Buchfelder Michael , Savaskan Nicolai E. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractMalignant gliomas belong to the most threatening tumor entities and are hallmarked by rapid proliferation, hypervascularization and an invasive growth pattern. The primary obstacle in surgical treatment lies in differentiation between healthy and pathological tissue at the tumor margins, where current visualization methods reach their limits. Here, we report on a novel technique (vascular dual intraoperative visualization approach - vDIVA) enabling visualization of different tumor zones (TZ I–III) on the basis of angiogenic hotspots. We investigated glioblastoma patients who underwent 5-ALA fluorescence-guided surgery with simultaneous intraoperative ICG fluorescence angiography. This vDIVA technique revealed hypervascularized areas which were further histologically investigated. Neuropathological assessments revealed tissue areas at the resection margins corresponding to TZ II and postoperative CD34- and Map2 immunostaining confirmed these angiogenic hotspots to be occupied by glioma cells. Hence, the vascular architecture in this transitional zone could be well differentiated from both primary tumor bulk and healthy brain parenchyma. These data demonstrate that ICG fluorescence angiography improves state-of-the-art glioma surgery techniques and facilitates the future characterization of polyclonal attributes of malignant gliomas.
Effects of Verb Familiarity on Finiteness Marking in Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Abel Alyson D. , Rice Mabel L. , Bontempo Daniel E. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
Children with specific language impairment (SLI) have known deficits in the verb lexicon and finiteness marking. This study investigated a potential relationship between these 2 variables in children with SLI and 2 control groups considering predictions from 2 different theoretical perspectives, morphosyntactic versus morphophonological.

Method

Children with SLI, age-equivalent, and language-equivalent (LE) control children (
n
= 59) completed an experimental sentence imitation task that generated estimates of children's finiteness accuracy under 2 levels of verb familiarity—familiar real verbs versus unfamiliar real verbs—in clausal sites marked for finiteness. Imitations were coded and analyzed for overall accuracy as well as finiteness marking and verb root imitation accuracy.

Results
Statistical comparisons revealed that children with SLI did not differ from LE children and were less accurate than age-equivalent children on all dependent variables: overall imitation, finiteness marking imitation, and verb root imitation accuracy. A significant Group × Condition interaction for finiteness marking revealed lower levels of accuracy on unfamiliar verbs for the SLI and LE groups only.

Conclusions
Findings indicate a relationship between verb familiarity and finiteness marking in children with SLI and younger controls and help clarify the roles of morphosyntax, verb lexicon, and morphophonology.
Point-of-Care Testing in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Fries Dietmar , Streif Werner 
Published: January 2015

Point-of-care (POC) testing in hemostasis has experienced a significant increase in the spectrum of available tests and the number of tests performed. Short turn-around time and observation of rapid changes in test results are facilitated. The quality control process in POC testing must encompass a preanalytic (collection), analytic (measurement), and postanalytic (clinical response) phase. Erroneous interpretation of findings and difficult quality controls can outweigh the advantages of POC testing.Only a limited number of hemostatic POC tests have proven useful so far: prothrombin time POC—monitoring of oral vitamin K antagonists; activated clotting time POC—monitoring of high-dose heparin therapy; platelet function analyzer (PFA; Siemens, Marburg, Germany) closure time (CT)—detection of von Willebrand disease and severe platelet function defects; whole blood aggregometry (WBA) Multiplate (Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland), and the VerifyNow system (Accumetrics, San Diego, CA)—detection of platelet dysfunction due to antiplatelet drugs; thromboelastography—continuous observation of clot formation and fibrinolysis. The use of various agonists in WBA and thromboelastography (TEG) requires some expertise. In experienced hands the PFA CT and WBA and TEG are recommended combinations.Application of POC testing depends strictly on whether it improves medical care and patient outcome. More POC test systems are in the research pipeline, but only a few will resist the ravages of time.
In the Labyrinth of the Library: Petrarch’s Cicero, Dante’s Virgil, and the Historiography of the Renaissance
Authors: Eisner Martin 
Published: January 2015

AbstractPetrarch’s 1345 discovery of Cicero’s personal letters in Verona has long been regarded as a foundational moment in the historiography of the Renaissance. In the traditional view, Petrarch’s discovery engenders a new historical self-consciousness that has frequently been described, since the middle of the twentieth century, in terms of a contrast between a medieval Dante and a Renaissance Petrarch. In keeping with recent work rethinking periodization, this essay revisits Petrarch’s letters on his discovery to reconsider the distance between Dante and Petrarch and to reveal how Petrarch constructs his new relationship with Cicero through Dante’s characterization of Virgil. While some critics have noted this Dantean presence, they have not examined its meaning. This study argues that Petrarch’s borrowing from Dante is significant because it shows how Dante’s complex relationship to the past embodied in the figure of Virgil shaped Petrarch’s construction of his Cicero and informed Renaissance ideas of history.
Finite 𝑝-groups with a Frobenius group of automorphisms whose kernel is a cyclic 𝑝-group
Authors: Khukhro E. , Makarenko N. 
Published: January 2015

Suppose that a finite

p
p

-group

P
P

admits a Frobenius group of automorphisms

F
H

FH

with kernel

F
F

that is a cyclic

p
p

-group and with complement

H
H

. It is proved that if the fixed-point subgroup

C
P

(
H
)

C_P(H)

of the complement is nilpotent of class

c
c

, then

P
P

has a characteristic subgroup of index bounded in terms of

c
c

,

|

C
P

(
F
)

|

|C_P(F)|

, and

|

F

|

|F|

whose nilpotency class is bounded in terms of

c
c

and

|

H

|

|H|

only. Examples show that the condition of

F
F

being cyclic is essential. The proof is based on a Lie ring method and a theorem of the authors and P. Shumyatsky about Lie rings with a metacyclic Frobenius group of automorphisms

F
H

FH

. It is also proved that

P
P

has a characteristic subgroup of

(

|

C
P

(
F
)

|

,

|

F

|

)

(|C_P(F)|, |F|)

-bounded index whose order and rank are bounded in terms of

|

H

|

|H|

and the order and rank of

C
P

(
H
)

C_P(H)

, respectively, and whose exponent is bounded in terms of the exponent of

C
P

(
H
)

C_P(H)

.
Pentecostals, Proselytization, and Anti-Christian Violence in Contemporary India
Authors: Bauman Chad M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractEvery year, there are several hundred attacks on India’s Christians carried out by violent anti-minority activists, many of them provoked by what they perceive to be Christians’ propensity for aggressive proselytization, and/or by rumored or real conversions to the faith. In this violence, Pentecostal Christians are disproportionately targeted. Based on extensive interviews and ethnographic work, and drawing upon the vast scholarly literature on interreligious violence in India, the volume attempts to account for this disproportionate targeting with reference to Indian Christian history, contemporary Indian politics, Indian social and cultural characteristics, and Pentecostal belief and practice. While some of the factors in the targeting of Pentecostals are obvious and expected (e.g., their relatively greater evangelical assertiveness), other factors also play a significant role, among them the marginalization of Pentecostals by “mainstream” Christians, the social location of Pentecostals, and transnational flows of missionary personnel, theories, and funds.
Pentecostalism in the Context of Indian History and Politics
Authors: Bauman Chad M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractThe first half of the chapter traces the history of Hindu–Christian relations from the establishment of Indian Christianity, through the British colonial period, to contemporary times and seeks to account, with reference to this history, for the growing animosity between Hindus and Christians. Then, the second half of the chapter pauses to consider the development of a relatively common critique of Christianity in India, a critique focusing on its putative foreign funding and aggressive evangelical tendencies (and articulated by Mohandas Gandhi, Sita Ram Goel, Ram Swarup, Swami Dayananda Saraswati, Arun Shourie, and others). Finally, the chapter locates Pentecostal Christianity within the historical trajectory described in the first part of the chapter, and the anti-Christian critique described in the second.
Force, Fraud, and Inducement?
Authors: Bauman Chad M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractOne of the claims commonly made against Indian Christianity is that the physical healing provided in its medical hospitals has served as an illegitimate inducement to Christian faith, either because non-Christians who receive healing feel obligated toward the Christians who provided it, or because non-Christians are impressed and attracted by the great displays of western wealth and technological power on display in Indian Christian hospitals. This claim is in many ways undermined by the growing prevalence of Christian faith healing, and what the chapter calls “recuperative conversions,” that is, conversions to Christianity brought about by spiritual or physical healing wrought by the prayerful interventions of Christian thaumaturges, many of them Pentecostal. Whatever else they may be, these healings are not dependent on displays of western wealth and power, and so they alter the contours of the debate about inducement in significant ways.
Competing motivation models and diachrony: What evidence for what motivations?
Authors: Cristofaro Sonia 
Published: January 2015

AbstractCompeting motivation models are usually established on synchronic grounds. The chapter discusses several diachronic processes that give rise to patterns that have been accounted for in terms of competing motivations, such as the development of different alignment systems and that of overt, as opposed to zero marking for number. These processes challenge the relevant competing motivations models both in the sense that they provide no evidence for the principles postulated in these models, and in the sense that they do not point to a competition between different principles pertaining to the encoding of the same grammatical domain.