bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple and rapid chromatographic method to determine unauthorized basic colorants (rhodamine B, auramine O, and pararosaniline) in processed foods
Authors: Tatebe Chiye , Zhong Xining , Ohtsuki Takashi , Kubota Hiroki , Sato Kyoko , Akiyama Hiroshi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA simple and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to determine basic colorants such as pararosaniline (PA), auramine O (AO), and rhodamine B (RB) in various processed foods was developed. Linearity of the calibration curves ranged from 0.05 to 50 μg/mL for PA and 0.05–100 μg/mL for AO and RB. The detection and quantification limits (LOD and LOQ) of the basic colorants, which were evaluated as signal‐to‐noise ratios of 3 for LOD and 10 for LOQ, ranged from 0.0125 to 0.05 and 0.025 to 0.125 μg/g, respectively. The recoveries and relative standard deviations of three basic colorants in six processed foods, namely, chili sauce, curry paste, gochujang (hot pepper paste), tandoori chicken (roasted chicken prepared with yogurt and spices), powder soup, and shrimp powder ranged from 70.2% to 102.8% and 0.8% to 8.0%, respectively. The intraday precision of the recovery test ranged from 1.7% to 4.5%, whereas the interday precision ranged from 3.7% to 7.7%. The reported method has been successfully applied to basic colorant determination in various processed foods such as fat‐based food matrices (curry paste and tandoori chicken), chili products (gochujang and chili sauce), and protein‐based products (shrimp powder and powder soup). Thin layer chromatography and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods for the determination of basic colorants in processed foods were also developed for rapid analysis and identification, respectively. These methods are very useful for monitoring unauthorized basic colorants in inspection centers or quarantine laboratories in many countries.
Rock mass behaviour of weathered, jointed and faulted Khondalite – Examples from the underground crude oil storage caverns in Visakhapatnam, India
Authors: Millen Bernard , Sigl Oskar , Höfer‐Öllinger Giorgio 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn 2008, Indian Strategic Petroleum Reserve Limited started construction of an underground unlined rock cavern complex for storage of imported crude oil at Visakhapatnam for 1.3 MMT (million metric tons) of crude oil. The excavation of the works was finally completed in February 2014. During the construction stage, after 95 % of the total excavation volume had already been excavated, an extreme wedge sliding event occurred in one of the cavern walls in April 2011, which caused a major delay to completion of the project. This wedge slide and other rock mass behaviour encountered during the excavation of the underground storage facility are described and discussed in this paper.
São Paulo Metro – developments in shield tunnelling
Authors: Rocha Hugo Cássio , Comulada Marc , Maidl Ulrich , Maia Carlos Henrique Turolla 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Metro Network in São Paulo has five lines in service with a total length of 107 km in one of the most booming cities in South America with a population of over 11 million inhabitants. The network can still be considered to be in its early stages; the first line was only constructed in 1968 and is now being extended. Whilst the settlement‐prone Tertiary soils under São Paulo and also the crystalline basement, with its different grades of weathering and fracturing and high abrasiveness, pose challenges for shield tunnelling, they actually represent optimum conditions for high performance shield tunnelling. The paper deals with the experience gained by operator Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo‐ Metrô, contractor Construtora Norberto Odebrecht and consultant Maidl Tunnelconsultants in the construction of the metro lines with mechanised shield tunnelling technology.
Simulation of liquefied sand by the Lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Schenkengel Kay‐Uwe , Vrettos Christos 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe Lattice Boltzmann method is increasingly used in the computational modeling of a wide variety of complex fluid flow problems. Macroscopic quantities like fluid density, velocity, or stress are expressed as moments of a distribution function. The approach can be adopted to simulate non‐Newtonian fluids. Laboratory tests on liquefied sand show a shear‐thinning behavior, i.e. decreasing viscosity with increasing shear strain rate. Geophysical flows show similar behavior. In the paper, the rheological behavior of the liquefied soil is characterized by means of a non‐linear model with upper and lower limiting values of the fluid viscosity. The main features of the applied numerical procedure are described. Typical situations are simulated such as liquefaction‐induced flow in a shaking table test, slope failure, and flow around a rigid wall embedded in liquefied soil. The results enable the qualitative assessment of the resulting displacement patterns.Simulation von verflüssigtem Sand mit der Gitter‐Boltzmann‐Methode. Gitter‐Boltzmann‐Methoden werden zunehmend für die numerische Simulation einer Vielzahl von komplexen hydrodynamischen Problemstellungen angewandt. Makroskopische Eigenschaften wie Flüssigkeitsdichte, Geschwindigkeit oder Spannung werden als Momente einer Verteilungsfunktion dargestellt. Das Verfahren kann eingesetzt werden, um nicht‐Newtonsche Fluide zu modellieren. Laborversuche an verflüssigtem Sand zeigen ein scherverdünnendes Verhalten, d. h. abfallende Viskosität mit zunehmender Scherdehnungsrate. Geophysikalische Strömungen verhalten sich ähnlich. In der Arbeit erfolgt die rheologische Charakterisierung des verflüssigten Bodens mittels eines nichtlinearen Modells mit oberen und unteren Grenzwerten für die Viskosität. Die wesentlichen Merkmale der eingesetzten numerischen Methode werden beschrieben. Typische Situationen, wie verflüssigungsinduziertes Fließen in einem Rütteltischversuch, das Versagen einer Böschung sowie das Fließen um eine Wand in verflüssigtem Boden werden simuliert. Die Ergebnisse ermöglichen eine qualitative Erfassung der maßgebenden Verformungsmechanismen.
GKM Mannheim – Spezialtiefbau im Kraftwerksbau
Authors: Wölfle Gunther 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBeim Neubau des Blocks 9 des Großkraftwerks Mannheim sind umfangreiche Bauarbeiten zu bewerkstelligen. Aufgrund des begrenzt zur Verfügung stehenden Platzes und zur Kostenoptimierung werden die benötigten Bauteile in ihrer räumlichen Ausdehnung assimiliert. Dies hat zur Folge, dass die Bauwerke immer tiefer in den Untergrund expandieren. Des Weiteren bündeln sich die Bauwerkslasten auf einer immer kleiner werdenden Fläche und müssen vom Untergrund möglichst setzungsunempfindlich aufgenommen werden. Dies bietet ein äußerst facettenreiches Betätigungsfeld für den Spezialtiefbau im Kraftwerksbau. Im Folgenden wird über die Vielfalt der hier zur Anwendung gekommenen Verfahren des Spezialtiefbaus und den damit verbundenen komplexen arbeitstechnischen Aufgaben berichtet.Mannheim power station – foundation engineering in power plant construction. Extensive construction work is to be carried out for the new construction of block 9 at Mannheim power station. Due to the limited space available and to optimize costs, the required components will be assimilated in their spatial dimensions. The consequence of this is that the building works will expand deeper and deeper into the ground. Furthermore, the structural loads will become concentrated on an increasingly smaller space and must be supported from below ground as much as possible to avoid settlement. This offers an exceptionally diverse field of activity for foundation engineering in power plant construction. The following report covers the diversity of the foundation engineering techniques used and the complex procedural tasks associated with them.
Histopathological mapping of metastatic tumor cells in sentinel lymph nodes of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Denoth Seraina , Broglie Martina A. , Haerle Stephan K. , Huber Gerhard F. , Haile Sarah R. , Soltermann Alex , Jochum Wolfram , Stoeckli Sandro J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundSentinel lymph node biopsy is a reliable technique for accurate determination of the cervical lymph node status in patients with early oral and oropharyngeal cancer but analyses on the distribution pattern of metastatic spread within sentinel lymph nodes are lacking.MethodsThe localizations of carcinoma deposits were analyzed with a virtual microscope by creating digital images from the microscopic glass slides.ResultsMetastatic deposits were not randomly distributed within sentinel lymph nodes but were predominant in the central planes closer to the lymphatic inlet. Initial evaluation of the 4 most central slices achieved a high rate of 90% for the detection of micrometastases and of 80% for the detection of isolated tumor cells (ITCs).ConclusionBased on the distribution we recommend an initial cut through the hilus and to proceed with the 4 most central 150‐µm slices. Complete step sectioning is only required in case of a so far negative result. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1477–1482, 2015
Prognostic value of pretreatment 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT volume‐based parameters in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with known p16 and p53 status
Authors: Kikuchi Masahiro , Koyasu Sho , Shinohara Shogo , Usami Yu , Imai Yukihiro , Hino Megumu , Itoh Kyo , Tona Risa , Kanazawa Yuji , Kishimoto Ippei , Harada Hiroyuki , Naito Yasushi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine whether pretreatment 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG PET/CT) volume‐based parameters, such as metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis, add more prognostic information in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).MethodsThe subjects were 47 patients with oropharyngeal SCC who underwent 18F‐FDG PET/CT before any treatment and followed by definitive therapy. PET parameters (metabolic tumor volume and total lesion glycolysis) and tumor p16/p53 status were evaluated retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed for disease‐free survival (DFS), disease‐specific survival (DSS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsAll volume‐based PET parameters were found to be significant prognostic factors for DFS, DSS, and OS in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, only metabolic tumor volume for total tumor lesions (cutoff 65) retained an independent association with DFS, DSS, and OS.ConclusionMetabolic tumor volume for total tumor lesions may be a predictive marker for survival outcomes in patients with oropharyngeal SCC with known p16/p53 status. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: 1524–1531, 2015
Improving surface and transport properties of macroporous hydrogels for bone regeneration
Authors: Guarino Vincenzo , Galizia Michele , Alvarez‐Perez Marco , Mensitieri Giuseppe , Ambrosio Luigi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHydrogels have been frequently considered as suitable materials for hard tissue engineering as mineralized extracellular matrix analogue. However, major lacks in bone‐substitution still concern the mimicking of native microenvironment for promoting cell differentiation into osteogenic way. Here, we propose the study of mineralized macroporous hydrogels (mMHs) made of poly(ethylenglycol)diacrylate fabricated by the combination of ultraviolet photopolymerization/salt leaching technique and treated by osteopromotive medium. We demonstrate that peculiar morphological and chemical features of mMH are crucial to create a reservoir system able to efficiently recruit environmental signals to cells. In particular, mass transport mechanisms are regulated by the coupling of a Knudsen‐type diffusion within the void space of the pores with a standard diffusion mechanism through the pores walls. Meanwhile, the deposition of hydrophilic mineral phases onto the pore surface further affects transport mechanisms, in view of their capability to establish interactions with water molecules and to exert mechanical constrains on the swelling of the hydrogel network, thus promoting slower diffusion kinetics. These properties concur to influence in vitro human mesenchymal stem cells activities: macropore architecture of the hydrogel‐like network positively affects cell recognition as compared to nonporous scaffolds, while osteopromotive treatment mainly allows to guide differentiation in osteogenic way as proved by staining of in vitro formed Ca‐rich mineral deposits (i.e., alizarin red) and expression via reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction of main bone markers. Hence, mMH is promising to develop three‐dimensional scaffolds as experimental model to study in vitro cell events during bone regeneration. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1095–1105, 2015.
Source and Characteristic of Fluorescence Humic Substances in Arsenic Polluted Groundwater of Bangladesh
Authors: Tareq Shafi M 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFluorescence characteristic and molecular size distribution of groundwater humic substance (HS) from arsenic contaminated (AsCon) and uncontaminated (nAsCon) areas of Bangladesh indicated that source of HS in aquifers are different with specific molecular size distributions. AsCon area showed signature of microbial degraded HS with small molecular size (0.65 KDa) whereas nAsCon area has minor signature of microbial originated HS with relatively high molecular size (1.24 KDa).
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics
Authors: Suttmann Oliver , Stute Uwe 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCutting or drilling of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) components is required, for example, when a component needs to be trimmed or prepared for rivets. Lasers can be a very attractive tool for drilling and cutting fiber‐reinforced plastics, as they have already been successfully used in sheet metal processing: laser light is non‐wear and non‐tactile. It provides consistent production results, even on complex geometries. Today, mechanical processes still dominate manufacturing, although the mechanical load caused by the pressure of drilling can easily lead to delamination, and tools wear out quickly.
Polygon Laser Scanning
Authors: De Loor Ronny , Penning Lars , Slagle Rick 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThroughput is key to enable the advent of high powered lasers sources. However, their deployment in large scale production is limited by the lack of adequately scaled scanning systems. Based on proven engineering concepts a polygon scanner system has been introduced in the market place. Together with novel all‐mirror focusing optics and high speed synchronization features a solution is discussed to unlock the potential for both legacy and ultrafast pulsed lasers in a range of applications.
Temperature and Stress Behavior During Close‐Edge Laser Welding
Authors: Stritt Peter , Weller Daniel 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWelding aluminum in close edge position leads to non symmetric temperature distributions which strongly influence the resultant thermo‐mechanical loads. Therefore, a major challenge in this welding regime is the formation of hot cracks. A finite element model was established to predict the resultant stress and strain during welding, thus increasing the process knowledge, enabling flexible and cost‐effective process optimization.
Fiber‐coupled Diode Lasers with Highest Brilliance
Authors: Werner Ekkehard 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFiber‐coupled diodes providing high power in combination with high brightness are becoming more and more important for several applications such as direct material processing, medical applications and pumping high power fiber lasers. Especially direct diode systems or the pumping of high power fiber lasers require diodes with good efficiency and high brightness. These laser systems are becoming an increasingly important alternative to energy‐inefficient lamp‐pumped lasers for material machining processes such as cutting and welding.
Design Some New Type‐I c‐met Inhibitors Based on Molecular Docking and Topomer CoMFA Research
Authors: Tian Yuanxin , Shen Yudong , Zhang Xianzuo , Ye Lianbao , Li Zhonghuang , Liu Zhong , Zhang Jiajie , Wu Shuguang 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this paper, a specific design strategy targeting c‐met kinase was reported based on docking modeling and topomer comparative molecular field analysis (Topomer CoMFA). A novel U‐shape conformation which is distinct from the literature was demonstrated by molecular docking among 68 U‐shape c‐met inhibitors. According to the docking results, two Topomer CoMFA models with high predictive ability were established based on the two fragment rule. The results from both docking and topomer CoMFA showed that the π–π stacking interaction with Tyr1230 and the hydrogen bond with hinge region play an important role in inhibitory activity. Furthermore, the flexible linker and the adjacent solvent group would be favorable to stabilize the conformation and to enhance the two interactions mentioned above. Based on our patent, 14 new compounds were designed by our design strategy. The binding mode exhibited as expected and their activities were predicted by topomer CoMFA model. The preliminary biological tests showed most of them have potent activity to c‐met kinase. Our study would provide guidelines to design some new U‐shaped c‐met inhibitors with new scaffolds and optimize the current molecules.
Bioisosteres and Scaffold Hopping in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Brown Nathan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe twin concepts of bioisosteric replacement and scaffold hopping are increasingly becoming important in modern drug design. The concepts of isosterism stretch back over a century, but only recently have systematic and data‐intensive methods been used to explore appropriate replacements. Here, a summary of the history of bioisosterism is presented to provide context to the methods applied. Molecular similarity and data mining methods are introduced as approaches to introduce these replacements to rationalise the space of synthetic targets to consider in a medicinal chemistry project. Lastly, an outlook of the field is given of potential future improvements and areas of focus that should be considered to anyone interested in the field.
Drug‐Like ProteinProtein Interaction Modulators: Challenges and Opportunities for Drug Discovery and Chemical Biology
Authors: Villoutreix Bruno O. , Kuenemann Melaine A. , Poyet Jean‐Luc , Bruzzoni‐Giovanelli Heriberto , Labbé Céline , Lagorce David , Sperandio Olivier , Miteva Maria A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFundamental processes in living cells are largely controlled by macromolecular interactions and among them, proteinprotein interactions (PPIs) have a critical role while their dysregulations can contribute to the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Although PPIs were considered as attractive pharmaceutical targets already some years ago, they have been thus far largely unexploited for therapeutic interventions with low molecular weight compounds. Several limiting factors, from technological hurdles to conceptual barriers, are known, which, taken together, explain why research in this area has been relatively slow. However, this last decade, the scientific community has challenged the dogma and became more enthusiastic about the modulation of PPIs with small drug‐like molecules. In fact, several success stories were reported both, at the preclinical and clinical stages. In this review article, written for the 2014 International Summer School in Chemoinformatics (Strasbourg, France), we discuss in silico tools (essentially post 2012) and databases that can assist the design of low molecular weight PPI modulators (these tools can be found at www.vls3d.com). We first introduce the field of proteinprotein interaction research, discuss key challenges and comment recently reported in silico packages, protocols and databases dedicated to PPIs. Then, we illustrate how in silico methods can be used and combined with experimental work to identify PPI modulators.
Multi‐species diffusion analysis in porous media under various dry density and temperature conditions: molecular dynamics simulation, homogenization analysis, and finite element method
Authors: Choi Jung Hae , Kawamura Katsuyuki , Kimoto Kazushi , Ichikawa Yasuaki , Chae Byung‐Gon 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYIn porous media, chemical species that dissolve in pore water can be transported via diffusion mechanisms or advective fluxes, close to or far away from where precipitation occurs. In the case of a high‐level radioactive waste disposal system, compacted bentonite is used in a buffer material in an engineering barrier system to minimize the amount of specific nuclides that breach into the surrounding host rock. To minimize breaching, it is very important to understand the transport mechanism of multiple chemical species in porous media. In the following research, we introduced FEM analysis methods using the results of the molecular dynamics simulation and homogenization analysis (MD/HA) method. First, the diffusion coefficients of ions (Cl−, I−, and Na+) in different water layers of Na‐beidellite were calculated using the MD/HA procedure under various dry density (1.2, 1.6, and 2.0 Mg/m3) and temperature (293, 323, and 363 K) conditions. Next, using FEM analysis that used the MD/HA results as input parameters, the diffusion behaviors of ions in porous media were calculated. The results indicate that the diffusion coefficients of the interlayer water in Na‐beidellite are different from the diffusion coefficients under dry density conditions. Further, the concentration profiles (Ct/C0) of iodine and chloride are proportional to temperature but inversely proportional to dry density. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuropsychological functioning of children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia: impact of whole brain radiation therapy
Authors: Annett Robert D. , Hile Sarah , Bedrick Edward , Kunin‐Batson Alicia S. , Krull Kevin R. , Embry Leanne , MacLean Willliam E. , Noll Robert B. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjectivesTo provide one of the first prospective reports examining neuropsychological outcomes for children treated with 1800 cGy whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and prophylactic chemotherapy versus prophylactic chemotherapy alone for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Acute and long‐term neuropsychological toxicities associated with WBRT are compared.MethodsThis multisite study included 188 children, ages 4–21 years at enrollment, who were assessed with standardized neuropsychological tests at 9, 21, and 48 months after diagnosis with intermediate risk ALL. All participating children were receiving treatment on a parent study CCG105.ResultsVerbal intelligence (VIQ) scores for children receiving WBRT was significantly lower than VIQ for prophylactic chemotherapy at the 48‐month time point (p < 0.05). A significant cross‐level interaction between time since diagnosis and treatment condition was observed (p < 0.05). WBRT did not result in differences in PIQ; both groups of children demonstrated comparable increases in PIQ. Neuropsychological findings at 48 months after diagnosis indicated diminished performance in neuromotor, visual–motor coordination, and executive functioning for children receiving WBRT. Academic achievement was unaffected by WBRT at 4 years after diagnosis.ConclusionsThe measurement of verbal and performance IQ as a primary endpoint in ALL clinical trials is critical to characterizing neuropsychological late effects. A trajectory of decline in neuropsychological functioning, specifically verbal IQ, was observed. Missing data within the trial occurred at random and did not impact results observed. The impact of WBRT becomes evident at 48 months after diagnosis, suggesting the need for long‐term follow‐up beyond the time frame typically used in Phase III trials. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.