bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond COVID-19: the promise of next-generation coronavirus vaccines
Authors: Koolaparambil Mukesh Reshma , Yinda Claude K. , Munster Vincent J. , van Doremalen Neeltje 
Published: August 2024

AbstractCoronaviruses (CoVs) have caused three global outbreaks: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) in 2003, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, with significant mortality and morbidity. The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raised serious concerns about the global preparedness for a pandemic. Furthermore, the changing antigenic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 led to new variants with increased transmissibility and immune evasion. Thus, the development of broad-spectrum vaccines against current and future emerging variants of CoVs will be an essential tool in pandemic preparedness. Distinct phylogenetic features within CoVs complicate and limit the process of generating a pan-CoV vaccine capable of targeting the entire Coronaviridae family. In this review, we aim to provide a detailed overview of the features of CoVs, their phylogeny, current vaccines against various CoVs, the efforts in developing broad-spectrum coronavirus vaccines, and the future.
Realtime bacteria detection and analysis in sterile liquid products using deep learning holographic imaging
Authors: Bravo-Frank Nicholas , Zende Rushikesh , Feng Lei , Mesyngier Nicolas , Pachpute Aditya , Hong Jiarong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe introduce a digital inline holography (DIH) method combined with deep learning (DL) for real-time detection and analysis of bacteria in liquid suspension. Specifically, we designed a prototype that integrates DIH with fluorescence imaging to efficiently capture holograms of bacteria flowing in a microfluidic channel, utilizing the fluorescent signal to manually identify ground truths for validation. We process holograms using a tailored DL framework that includes preprocessing, detection, and classification stages involving three specific DL models trained on an extensive dataset that included holograms of generic particles present in sterile liquid and five bacterial species featuring distinct morphologies, Gram stain attributes, and viability. Our approach, validated through experiments with synthetic data and sterile liquid spiked with different bacteria, accurately distinguishes between bacteria and particles, live and dead bacteria, and Gram-positive and negative bacteria of similar morphology, all while minimizing false positives. The study highlights the potential of combining DIH with DL as a transformative tool for rapid bacterial analysis in clinical and industrial settings, with potential extension to other applications including pharmaceutical screening, environmental monitoring, and disease diagnostics.
Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov method for multilevel nonlocal thermal equilibrium radiative transfer problems
Authors: Arramy D. , de la Cruz Rodríguez J. , Leenaarts J. 
Published: August 2024

Context. The calculation of the emerging radiation from a model atmosphere requires knowledge of the emissivity and absorption coefficients, which are proportional to the atomic level population densities of the levels involved in each transition. Due to the intricate interdependence of the radiation field and the physical state of the atoms, iterative methods are required in order to calculate the atomic level population densities. A variety of different methods have been proposed to solve this problem, which is known as the nonlocal thermodynamical equilibrium (NLTE) problem.
Aims. Our goal is to develop an efficient and rapidly converging method to solve the NLTE problem under the assumption of statistical equilibrium. In particular, we explore whether the Jacobian-Free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) method can be used. This method does not require an explicit construction of the Jacobian matrix because it estimates the new correction with the Krylov-subspace method.
Methods. We implemented an NLTE radiative transfer code with overlapping bound-bound and bound-free transitions. This solved the statistical equilibrium equations using a JFNK method, assuming a depth-stratified plane-parallel atmosphere. As a reference, we also implemented the Rybicki & Hummer (1992) method based on linearization and operator splitting.
Results. Our tests with the Fontenla, Avrett and Loeser C model atmosphere (FAL-C) and two different six-level Ca II and H I atoms show that the JFNK method can converge faster than our reference case by up to a factor 2. This number is evaluated in terms of the total number of evaluations of the formal solution of the radiative transfer equation for all frequencies and directions. This method can also reach a lower residual error compared to the reference case.
Conclusions. The JFNK method we developed poses a new alternative to solving the NLTE problem. Because it is not based on operator splitting with a local approximate operator, it can improve the convergence of the NLTE problem in highly scattering cases. One major advantage of this method is that it is expected to allow for a direct implementation of more complex problems, such as overlapping transitions from different active atoms, charge conservation, or a more efficient treatment of partial redistribution, without having to explicitly linearize the equations.
Magnetograms underestimate even unipolar magnetic flux nearly everywhere on the solar disk
Authors: Sinjan J. , Solanki S. K. , Hirzberger J. , Riethmüller T. L. , Przybylski D. 
Published: August 2024

Context. The amount of magnetic flux passing through the solar surface is an important parameter determining solar activity and the heliospheric magnetic field. It is usually determined from line-of-sight magnetograms.
Aims. We aim to test the reliability of determining the line-of-sight magnetic field from 3D MHD (magnetohydrodynamic) simulations of unipolar regions. In contrast to earlier similar studies, we consider the full solar disk, by considering the full centre-to-limb variation, as well as regions with different averaged field strengths.
Methods. We synthesised Stokes profiles from MURaM MHD simulations of unipolar regions with varying mean vertical magnetic flux densities, ranging from quiet Sun to active region plage. We did this for a comprehensive range of heliocentric angles: from μ = 1 to μ = 0.15, and for two commonly used photospheric spectral lines: Fe I 6173.3 and Fe I 5250.2 Å. The synthesised profiles were spatially foreshortened and binned to different spatial resolutions characteristic of space-based magnetographs currently in operation. The line-of-sight magnetic field was derived with a Milne-Eddington Inversion as well as with other commonly used methods.
Results. The inferred spatially averaged ⟨BLOS⟩ is always lower than that present in the MHD simulations, with the exception of μ ≈ 1 and sufficiently high spatial resolution. It is also generally inconsistent with a linear dependence on μ. Above μ = 0.5 the spatial resolution greatly impacts the retrieved line-of-sight magnetic field. For μ ≤ 0.5 the retrieved BLOS is nearly independent of resolution, but is always lower than expected from the simulation. These trends persist regardless of the mean vertical magnetic field in the MHD simulations and are independent of the BLOS retrieval method. For μ ≤ 0.5, a larger ⟨BLOS⟩ is inferred for the 5250.2 Å spectral line than 6173.3 Å, but the converse is true at higher μ.
Conclusions. The obtained results show that with high spatial resolution observations, for instance those achieved with SO/PHI-HRT (High Resolution Telescope of the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager on Solar Orbiter) at close perihelion, the magnetic flux can be reliably retrieved at high μ values, whereas in lower resolution observations, as well as at lower μ, a significant fraction of the magnetic flux is missed. The results found here raise some doubts of the reliability of determining the radial field by dividing the line-of-sight field by μ and are of considerable importance for deducing the total magnetic flux of the Sun. They may also contribute to the resolution of the open flux problem.
Portal Hypertensive Mayhem: A Case Report of Colonic Variceal Bleeding Treated by Antegrade Embolization
Authors: Unhale Tushar , Devkota Ganesh , Trivedi Harshil , Garg Pallavi , Bashir Shahnawaz , Shawl Muzaffer Rashid , Madan Kaushal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn patients with cirrhosis of the liver, acute variceal bleeding can be fatal. Bleeding colonic varices is a very rare cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding that can result in massive hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis. Here we present the case of a 50-year-old gentleman, having cirrhosis of the liver with chronic portal vein occlusion, who presented with massive bleeding per rectum. Contrast computed tomography (CT) revealed a large shunt arising from the superior mesenteric vein forming submucosal colonic varices and joining the right renal vein. He underwent successful obliteration of the varix by antegrade endovascular embolization via the trans-splenic access. Endovascular embolization could be an effective and life-saving treatment option for colonic variceal bleeding.
Comprehensive Guide to Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach: Step-by-Step Technique
Authors: Anuwong Angkoon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTransoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular approach (TOETVA) is a minimally invasive surgical technique that offers safety comparable to conventional open thyroidectomy, with the added benefit of superior cosmetic outcomes due to the absence of visible scars. This innovative approach is gaining popularity worldwide as an alternative for patients seeking thyroid surgery without postoperative scarring. TOETVA involves positioning the patient supine with slight neck extension under general anesthesia. The procedure uses three trocars placed via midline and lateral incisions, with a 10-mm 30-degree laparoscope for visualization. Preoperative care includes cleaning the surgical area and administering intravenous antibiotics to prevent infection. The technique mirrors conventional thyroidectomy but utilizes standard laparoscopic instruments. It emphasizes the precise identification and preservation of critical anatomical structures, such as the cricoid cartilage, thyroid isthmus, trachea, carotid artery, superior laryngeal nerve, and recurrent laryngeal nerve. The use of an energy device and careful dissection help minimize bleeding and reduce nerve injury risks. Superior pole management and meticulous handling of the thyroid lobe ensures optimal outcomes. The growing popularity of TOETVA indicates a shift toward minimally invasive thyroid surgery, with TOETVA emerging as a leading method. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the procedure, highlighting its benefits and critical aspects of its successful implementation.
A Question of (Academic) Honour? Motivations for Member Participation in Advisory Boards in the German Science System
Authors: Beer Andreas , Hechler Daniel , Pasternack Peer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe paper analyses the motivations of academics to participate in advisory boards that are active within the German science system. Based on the results of an online survey and interviews, reasons for joining a board, staying active as well as reasons for disengagement are explored. The respondents of the survey and the interviewees include both members of advisory boards and their academic coordinators. In the final section of the paper, several possible changes in the work of boards that may influence members' motivation are discussed.
Implementation of the ARIMA model for prediction of economic variables: evidence from the health sector in Brazil
Authors: Pereira da Veiga Claudimar , Pereira da Veiga Cássia Rita , Girotto Felipe Mendes , Marconatto Diego Antonio Bittencourt , Su Zhaohui 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, quantitative models for forecasting economic crises have garnered significant interest from researchers, policymakers, and public and private institutions. Identifying the most appropriate models for predicting economic time series behaviors during crises is a pressing challenge. Effective techniques can be instrumental in forestalling financial irregularities, thus empowering institutions to deploy remedial actions and swiftly minimizing further economic setbacks. Contemporary literature introduces various forecasting models, such as the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. Recognized for its statistical alignment with numerous linear models, the ARIMA model has demonstrated its efficacy across various domains. This paper delves into applying the ARIMA model to predict five critical economic time series that substantially influenced Brazil’s public and private healthcare sectors throughout the economic crisis between 2000 and 2020. These time series encompassed the variables (i) the gross domestic product—GDP, (ii) the Extended National Consumer Price Index—IPCA, (iii) the unemployment rate, (iv) the total number of health plan beneficiaries, and (v) total number of individual health plan beneficiaries. Importantly, this study provides a comprehensive outline of the ARIMA implementation process, underscoring that precise forecasting is pivotal for managers aiming to curtail financial anomalies and avert resource shortages. The findings highlight the ARIMA model’s (1, 0, 2), (2, 2, 1), (0, 1, 2), (1, 1, 2), and (2, 2, 1) viability in accurately forecasting health-related time series, exceeding 95% accuracy for economic variables analyzed. These results have significant practical implications for healthcare managers and decision-makers. By offering accurate forecasts of critical economic metrics, such as the unemployment rate and the transition of beneficiaries between public and private health systems during economic downturns, this research provides valuable insights for strategic planning within the healthcare sector.
To share or not to share, that is the question: a qualitative study of Chinese astronomers’ perceptions, practices, and hesitations about open data sharing
Authors: Liu Jinya , Zhao Kunhua , Gu Liping , Xia Huichuan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMany astronomers in Western countries may have taken open data sharing (ODS) for granted to enhance astronomical discoveries and productivity. However, how strong such an assumption holds among Chinese astronomers has not been investigated or deliberated extensively. This may hinder international ODS with Chinese astronomers and lead to a misunderstanding of Chinese astronomers’ perceptions and practices of ODS. To fill this gap, we conducted a qualitative study comprising 14 semi-structured interviews and 136 open-ended survey responses with Chinese astronomers to understand their choices and concerns regarding ODS. We found that many Chinese astronomers conducted ODS to promote research outputs and respected it as a tradition. Some Chinese astronomers have advocated for data rights protection and data infrastructure’s further improvement in usability and availability to guarantee their ODS practices. Still, some Chinese astronomers agonized about ODS regarding the validity of oral commitment with international research groups and the choices between international traditions and domestic customs in ODS. We discovered two dimensions in Chinese astronomers’ action strategies and choices of ODS and discussed their descriptions and consequences. We also proposed the implications of our research for enhancing international ODS in future work.
Integrating industry 4.0 technologies for the administration of courts and justice dispensation—a systematic review
Authors: Bhatt Hitesh , Bahuguna Rajesh , Swami Siddharth , Singh Rajesh , Gehlot Anita , Akram Shaik Vaseem , Gupta Lovi Raj , Thakur Amit Kumar , Priyadarshi Neeraj , Twala Bhekisipho 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe judiciary is a foundation of democracy, upholding the rule of law and protecting rights. Efficient court administration is vital for public trust, justice, and timely proceedings. Currently, courts face challenges such as inconsistencies, adjournments, and absence of transparency, undermining the justice system. Traditional manual processes and paper-based documentation cause significant backlogs, slow resolutions, and limited public access. As case volumes and complexities rise, modernizing court administration through digital transformation is progressively critical. Currently, many countries are integrating technologies in the courts for its administration and other activities. In recent years, courts and judges have been subjected to pressure to improve performance, uplifting judicial effectiveness to a top priority. Subsequently, several countries have integrated simplification and digitization strategies in judicial initiatives to enhance court efficiency. Switzerland’s Justitia 4.0 and Brazil’s PJE are notable initiatives that focused to strengthen court administration through digitalization. These aspects motivated this study to examine the detailed integration of industry 4.0 technologies such as the Internet of things, cloud computing, blockchain, big data analytics, robotics, drones, Metaverse, digital twins, and artificial intelligence for court administration with digitalized infrastructure. According to the study, integrating these technologies in less complex cases helps minimize expenditures and save time, making to resolve cases conveniently, efficiently, and superiorly. The study also identified the challenges and issues associated with industry 4.0 technologies such as evidence gathering, evidence preservation, robot judges for pre-judgment analysis, and judgment delivery, which future studies need to be explored.
Nutritive value and multi-mycotoxin occurrence in feeds and milk of dairy cattle
Authors: Mannai Amal , Juan Cristina , Manes Jordi , Ben Salem Hichem 
Published: August 2024

Context The contamination of feedstuffs with multi-mycotoxins and their transfer to milk is an important concern because it can affect the health of both animals and humans. Aims This study determined the nutrient composition and quantified the mycotoxins present in dairy feedstuffs and in cow’s milk. Methods Samples of feedstuffs and milk were collected from 11 dairy farms in northern Tunisia for physicochemical composition and mycotoxin analyses. The extraction of mycotoxins was performed by the QuEChERS procedure and the presence of 26 mycotoxins was checked using liquid or gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS and GC–MS/MS). Key results Nutrient contents differ among feedstuffs (P < 0.05). The pH values of oat, ryegrass and pulp silages varied from 4.6 to 5.3. Dry-matter (DM) content was highest for concentrate feeds and hay (90% and 86% DM respectively). Crude protein (CP) content was highest in concentrate feeds (15.8% DM). The neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin contents were highest in green grass, hay, and silage. Eight Fusarium mycotoxins, enniatins (ENA1, ENB, ENB1), beauvericine (BEA), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), deoxynivalenol (DON), 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON), Fumonisin B2 (FB2) and one Alternaria mycotoxin tentoxin (TENT) were detected at low concentrations. There was a significant (P < 0.05) difference in the levels of contamination by ENB between the samples of forages and concentrate feeds. The ENs (ENA1, ENB, ENB1) were the most frequently detected combination of mycotoxins. Milk analysis for fat, CP, lactose and dehydrated dry extract averaged 3.49%, 3.10%, 4.71%, and 8.77% respectively; urea concentration was of 34.01 mg/dL, milk pH was 6.5, and a somatic cell count of 1168.63 103 cells/mL was found. Most milk samples (82%) were contaminated with ENB. Conclusions The levels of mycotoxin contamination in feedstuffs and milk were low and do not present a risk for dairy cattle and consumer health. Implications Mycotoxins in feedstuffs and milk should be regularly analysed to make sure that quality and safety standards are met.
Steel grades classification and heating defects detection of bearing steel bars via pulse eddy current testing
Authors: Qian Miao , Zhao Junjie , Yu Xiaoxiao , Xiang Zhong , Yu Pufan , Wang Feng , Zhang Jianxin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Nondestructive examination of bearing steel raw material is a crucial step in ensuring the production of bearing rings. Traditional nondestructive examination methods struggle with real-time sorting, leading to potential production risks. This study proposes a pulse eddy current testing (PECT) approach combined multidimensional features and classification algorithm, to realize the recognition of steel grades and heating defects of bearing steel bars. Firstly, the two-probes differential PECT system was established. Subsequently, pulse signals were collected, and 27 features in the time domain, and frequency domain were extracted and analyzed. Finally, two classification algorithms, BP neural networking and Rindom Forest, are used to classify bearing steel. Experimental results demonstrate the approach proposed can sort bearing steel, die steel, and high-speed steel bars. Furthermore, it is capable of distinguishing between various types (brand, heat number) of bearing steel bars and identifying their overheated or burnt conditions.
Research on the airflow field and interruption performance of 550 kV fast circuit breaker
Authors: Zou Huancheng , Lin Xin , Zhong Jianying , Wei Jianwei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The fast circuit breaker can achieve the rapid removal of short-circuit faults, which is of paramount significance for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power system. This paper proposes a design scheme for the arc extinguishing chamber of the 550 kV fast circuit breaker, establishes a mathematical model of magneto-hydro-dynamics (MHD) arc, and calculates the trends of gas pressure, arc temperature, and nozzle airflow velocity inside the fast interruption arc extinguishing chamber under different arcing times. It compares and analyzes key interruption parameters such as airflow field characteristics, arc conductance, and post-arc current, researches the interruption performance of fast circuit breakers under different arcing times, and determines the prototype design scheme. It is found that the design scheme of the arc extinguishing chamber with the opening speed of 13.5 m s−1, inflation pressure of 0.6 MPa, overtravel of 33 mm, cylinder radius of 80 mm, and nozzle throat length of 27 mm can compress the short arcing time to 6 ms, while maintaining good interruption performance for medium and long arcing, meeting the requirements of fast interruption. The prototype successfully passed the T100(s) interruption test, achieving a short arcing time of 6.2 ms, as well as corresponding medium and long arcing interruptions, verifying the effectiveness of the simulation calculations. The 550 kV fast circuit breaker successfully reduced the total interruption time to within 25 ms, and the research results successfully guided the development of the fast circuit breaker prototype.