bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy‐efficient outage‐constrained power allocation based on statistical channel knowledge for dual‐hop cognitive relay networks
Authors: Bordón Raikel , Sánchez Samuel Montejo , Mafra Samuel Baraldi , Garcia Fernandez Evelio Martin , Souza Richard Demo , Rebelatto João Luiz 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThis paper investigates the power allocation problem in decode‐and‐forward cognitive dual‐hop systems over Rayleigh fading channels. In order to optimize the performance of the secondary network in terms of power consumption, an outage‐constrained power allocation scheme is proposed. The secondary nodes adjust their transmit power subject to an average interference constraint at the primary receiver and an outage probability constraint for the secondary receivers while having only statistical channel knowledge with respect to the primary nodes. We compare this approach with a power allocation scheme based on instantaneous channel state information under a peak interference constraint. Analytical and numerical results show that the proposed approach, without requiring the constant interchange of channel state information, can achieve a similar performance in terms of outage probability as that of power allocation based on instantaneous channel knowledge. Moreover, the transmit power allocated by the proposed approach is considerably smaller than the power allocated by the method based on instantaneous channel knowledge in more than 50% of the time. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of Metal Cations and Coordination Modes on Luminescent Group 1 and 2 Metal Sulfonate Complexes Constructed from 4,4′‐Dihydroxybiphenyl‐3,3′‐disulfonic Acid
Authors: Yu Yi‐Zhe , Li Ya‐Nan , Deng Zhao‐Peng , Zhu Zhi‐Biao , Huo Li‐Hua , Gao Shan 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe reactions of 4,4′‐dihydroxybiphenyl‐3,3′‐disulfonic acid (H4L) with group 1 and 2 metal salts in aqueous solution lead to six metal sulfonate complexes, [K2(H2L)]n (1), {[Cs2(H2L)(H2O)]n·nH2O} (2), 2[Mg(H2O)6]2+·2(H2L)2–·2H2O (3), {[Ca(H2L)(H2O)2]n·4nH2O} (4), {[Sr(H2L)(H2O)4]n·3nH2O} (5), and {[Ba(H2L)(H2O)]n·nH2O} (6), which have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetry (TG), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, powder XRD, and single‐crystal XRD. Complexes 1, 2, and 6 exhibit 3D pillared‐layered networks formed by M–O–S layers bridged by the biphenyl rings of H2L2– dianions. The [Mg(H2O)6]2+ cations and sulfonate groups in 3 are held together by second‐sphere interactions to generate layer motifs. Complex 4 presents a layer structure formed by Ca–O chains bridged by the biphenyl rings of H2L2– dianions. Complex 5 has a 3D interdigitating architecture (2D + 2D → 3D), in which the 44 hydrogen‐bonding layer is constructed from linear chains. Meanwhile, the recrystallization of H4L from aqueous solution affords the supramolecular complex 2(H3O+)·(H2L)2–·3H2O (S1), which exhibits a 3D pillared‐layered network. The solid‐state luminescence properties demonstrate that 1–6 exhibit violet emission at room temperature and can sensitize EuIII and TbIII ions to exhibit their characteristic emissions.
Difluoromethyl and Chlorofluoromethyl Sulfoximines: Synthesis and Evaluation as Electrophilic Perfluoroalkylating Reagents
Authors: Pégot Bruce , Urban Céline , Bourne Aaron , Le Thanh Nghi , Bouvet Sébastien , Marrot Jérôme , Diter Patrick , Magnier Emmanuel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractAn efficient and convenient method is described that allows the synthesis of a set of difluoromethyl sulfoximines, as well as chlorofluoromethyl sulfoxides, sulfones, and sulfoximines. Our procedure does not require metals or nonrecommended freons, and it gives rise to an original route to Hu's reagent. Unprecedented chlorofluoromethyl sulfoximines have been also isolated, and these compounds have been shown to act as an electrophilic source of this original bis‐halogenated moiety. The mechanism of the electrophilic chlorofluoromethylation is also discussed.
Novel Nanostructured Electrodes Obtained by Pyrolysis of Composite Polymeric Materials
Authors: Amato Letizia , Schulte Lars , Heiskanen Arto , Keller Stephan S. , Ndoni Sokol , Emnéus Jenny 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this work, we compare pyrolyzed carbon derived from the photoresist SU‐8 alone or in combination with polystyrene and poly(styrene)‐block‐poly(dimethylsiloxane) copolymer (PS‐b‐PDMS), to be used as novel materials for micro‐ and nanoelectrodes. The pyrolyzed carbon films are evaluated with scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, the standard rate constant for electron transfer is determined from cyclic voltammograms and found to be lower for PS‐b‐PDMS compared to PS and SU‐8 films. This may be related to the lower carbon content of PS‐b‐PDMS, as well as to its higher microstructural disorder.
Field study on influence of root characteristics on soil suction distribution in slopes vegetated with Cynodon dactylon and Schefflera heptaphylla
Authors: Garg Ankit , Coo Jason Lim , Ng Charles Wang Wai 
Published: March 2015

AbstractVegetation evapotranspiration (ET) induced soil water suction reduces hydraulic conductivity and increases shear strength of slopes. Several field studies have been conducted to investigate suction distribution in vegetated slopes. However, these studies were conducted on natural slopes, which are prone to heterogeneity in vegetation and soil conditions. Moreover, studies quantifying the effect of different vegetation species, root characteristics (root depth and root area index) and transpiration reduction function (Trf) on suction in slopes under natural variation are rare. This study investigated the suction distribution and root characteristics in recompacted slopes vegetated with two different species, i.e. Cynodon dactylon (Bermuda grass) and Schefflera heptaphylla (ivy tree). Bare slope served as a control. Suction distributions during different seasons and rainfall events were monitored. It is found that during the dry season, slope vegetated with young Schefflera heptaphylla seedlings have substantially higher suction within the root zone compared with bare slope and slope vegetated with Cynodon dactylon. This is because Schefflera heptaphylla has a higher root biomass, Trf and ET than Cynodon dactylon. It was also found that suctions within root zones of vegetated slopes and bare slope were completely destroyed under rainfall events corresponding to 2 years and 20 years return period. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecosystem carbon stocks across a tropical intertidal habitat mosaic of mangrove forest, seagrass meadow, mudflat and sandbar
Authors: Phang Valerie X. H. , Chou L. M. , Friess Daniel A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntertidal habitats provide numerous ecosystem services, including the sequestration and storage of carbon, a topic of great recent interest owing to land‐cover transitions and climate change. Mangrove forests and seagrass meadows form a continuum of intertidal habitats, alongside unvegetated mudflats and sandbars, however, studies that consider carbon stocks across these spatially‐linked, threatened ecosystems are limited world‐wide. This paper presents the results of a field‐based carbon stock assessment of aboveground, belowground and sediment organic carbon stock to a depth of 1 m at Chek Jawa, Singapore. It is the first study of ecosystem carbon stocks of both vegetated and unvegetated intertidal habitats in the tropics. Ecosystem carbon stocks were 497 Mg C ha‐1 in the mangrove forest and 138 Mg C ha‐1 in the seagrass meadow. Sediment organic carbon stock dominated the total storage in both habitats, constituting 62% and >99% in the mangrove forest and seagrass meadow, respectively. In the adjacent mudflat and sandbars, which had no vegetative components, sediment organic carbon stock ranged from 124–143 Mg C ha‐1, suggesting that unvegetated habitats have a carbon storage role on the same order of importance as seagrass meadows. This study reinforces the importance of sediment in carbon storage within the intertidal ecosystem, and demonstrates the need to consider unvegetated habitats in intertidal ‘blue carbon’ stock assessments. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adaptive multiresolution semi‐intrusive scheme for UQ in compressible fluid problems
Authors: Abgrall R. , Congedo P. M. , Geraci G. , Iaccarino G. 
Published: March 2015

SummaryThis paper deals with the introduction of a multiresolution strategy into the semi‐intrusive scheme, recently introduced by the authors, aiming to propagate uncertainties in unsteady compressible fluid applications. The mathematical framework of the multiresolution setting is presented for the cell‐average case, and the coupling with the semi‐intrusive scheme is described from both the theoretical and algorithmic point‐of‐view. Some reference test cases are performed to demonstrate the convergence properties and the efficiency of the overall scheme: the linear advection problem for both smooth and discontinuous initial conditions, the inviscid Burgers equation, and an uncertain shock tube problem obtained by modifying the well‐known Sod shock problem. For all the cases, the convergence curves are computed with respect to semi‐analytical (exact) solutions. In the case of the shock tube problem, an original technique to obtain a reference highly‐accurate numerical stochastic solution has also been developed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gray matter atrophy in patients with mild cognitive impairment/Alzheimer's disease over the course of developing delusions
Authors: Fischer Corinne E. , Ting Windsor Kwan‐Chun , Millikin Colleen P. , Ismail Zahinoor , Schweizer Tom A. ,   The Alzheimer Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveWe conducted a neuroimaging analysis to understand the neuroanatomical correlates of gray matter loss in a group of mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's disease patients who developed delusions.MethodsWith data collected as part of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, we conducted voxel‐based morphometry to determine areas of gray matter change in the same Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants, before and after they developed delusions.ResultsWe identified 14 voxel clusters with significant gray matter decrease in patient scans post‐delusional onset, correcting for multiple comparisons (false discovery rate, p < 0.05). Major areas of difference included the right and left insulae, left precuneus, the right and left cerebellar culmen, the left superior temporal gyrus, the right posterior cingulate, the right thalamus, and the left parahippocampal gyrus.ConclusionsAlthough contrary to our initial predictions of enhanced right frontal atrophy, our preliminary work identifies several neuroanatomical areas, including the cerebellum and left posterior hemisphere, which may be involved in delusional development in these patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of projected climate change on the hydrology in the headwaters of the Yellow River basin
Authors: Zhang Yueguan , Su Fengge , Hao Zhenchun , Xu Chongyu , Yu Zhongbo , Wang Lu , Tong Kai 
Published: March 2015

AbstractLocated in the northeast of the Tibetan Plateau, the headwaters of the Yellow River basin (HYRB) are very vulnerable to climate change. In this study, we used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model to assess the impact of future climate change on this region's hydrological components for the near future period of 2013–2042 under three emission scenarios A1B, A2 and B1. The uncertainty in this evaluation was considered by employing Bayesian model averaging approach on global climate model (GCM) multimodel ensemble projections. First, we evaluated the capability of the SWAT model for streamflow simulation in this basin. Second, the GCMs' monthly ensemble projections were downscaled to daily climate data using the bias‐correction and spatial‐disaggregation method and then were utilized as input into the SWAT model. The results indicate the following: (1) The SWAT model exhibits a good performance for both calibration and validation periods after adjusting parameters in snowmelt module and establishing elevation bands in sub‐basins. (2) The projected precipitation suggests a general increase under all three scenarios, with a larger extent in both A1B and B1 and a slight variation for A2. With regard to temperature, all scenarios show pronounced warming trends, of which A2 displays the largest amplitude. (3) In the terms of total runoff from the whole basin, there is an increasing trend in the future streamflow at Tangnaihai gauge under A1B and B1, while the A2 scenario is characterized by a declining trend. Spatially, A1B and B1 scenarios demonstrate increasing trends across most of the region. Groundwater and surface runoffs indicate similar trends with total runoff, whereas all three scenarios exhibit an increase in actual evapotranspiration. Generally, both A1B and B1 scenarios suggest a warmer and wetter tendency over the HYRB in the forthcoming decades, while the case for A2 indicates a warmer and drier trend. Findings from this study can provide beneficial reference to water resource and eco‐environment management strategies for governmental policymakers. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial aggregation of time‐variant stream water ages in urbanizing catchments
Authors: Soulsby C. , Birkel C. , Geris J. , Tetzlaff D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe calibrated an integrated flow–tracer model to simulate spatially distributed isotope time series in stream water in a 7.9‐km2 catchment with an urban area of 13%. The model used flux tracking to estimate the time‐varying age of stream water at the outlet and both urbanized (1.7 km2) and non‐urban (4.5 km2) sub‐catchments over a 2.5‐year period. This included extended wet and dry spells where precipitation equated to >10‐year return periods. Modelling indicated that stream water draining the most urbanized tributary was youngest with a mean transit time (MTT) of 171 days compared with 456 days in the non‐urban tributary. For the larger catchment, the MTT was 280 days. Here, the response of urban contributing areas dominated smaller and more moderate runoff events, but rural contributions dominated during the wettest periods, giving a bi‐modal distribution of water ages. Whilst the approach needs refining for sub‐daily time steps, it provides a basis for projecting the effects of urbanization on stream water transit times and their spatial aggregation. This offers a novel approach for understanding the cumulative impacts of urbanization on stream water quantity and quality, which can contribute to more sustainable management. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond the Rubric
Authors: Beck Sarah W. , Llosa Lorena , Black Kristin , Trzeszkowski‐Giese Alyssa 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn order to teach writing effectively, teachers need assessment tools that work for diagnostic purposes—tools that can help them identify students' specific strengths and challenges with writing, as well as generate new ideas for instruction. This study explored what 5 high school teachers (3ELAand 2ESL) learned about their students' strengths and challenges as writers from the students' performance on a think‐aloud‐protocol (TAP) Assessment, how this information differed from what they knew about the students as writers based only on their previous writing in class, and what ideas this newTAP‐generated information gave them for instruction. We found that theTAPAssessment was especially useful in generating new information related to audience awareness, interpretation of the task, and self‐evaluation. Teachers also offered creative suggestions for adapting theTAPAssessment for further use in their classrooms.
Chondroitin Sulfate‐E Binds to Both Osteoactivin and Integrin αVβ3 and Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation
Authors: Miyazaki Tatsuya , Miyauchi Satoshi , Anada Takahisa , Tawada Akira , Suzuki Osamu 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIntegrins and their ligands have been suggested to be associated with osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption. The present study was designed to investigate whether chondroitin sulfate E (CS‐E), which is one of the sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), is involved in osteoactivin (OA) activity, and osteoclast differentiation. The binding affinity of sulfated GAGs to integrin and its ligand was measured using biotin‐labeled CS‐E, and the osteoclast differentiation was evaluated by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining and a pit formation assay. CS‐E as well as CS‐B, synthetic chondroitin polysulfate, and heparin inhibited osteoclast differentiation of bone marrow‐derived macrophages. Pre‐coating of OA to synthetic calcium phosphate‐coated plates enhanced the osteoclastic differentiation of RAW264 cells, and addition of a neutralizing antibody to OA inhibited its differentiation. CS‐E bound not only to OA, fibronectin, and vitronectin, but also to its receptor integrin αVβ3, and inhibited the direct binding of OA to integrin αVβ3. Furthermore, CS‐E blocked the binding of OA to cells and inhibited OA‐induced osteoclastic differentiation. On the other hand, heparinase treatment of RAW264 cells inhibited osteoclastic differentiation. Since binding of OA to the cells was inhibited by the presence of heparan sulfate or heparinase treatment of cells, heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) was also considered to be an OA receptor. Taken together, the present results suggest that CS‐E is capable of inhibiting OA‐induced osteoclast differentiation by blocking the interaction of OA to integrin αVβ3 and HSPG. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 2247–2257, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Emotion Expression and Substance Use in Newly Parenting Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Desrosiers Alethea , Sipsma Heather , Divney Anna , Magriples Urania , Kershaw Trace 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveDeficits in emotion expression skills have been associated with alcohol and substance use, but the mechanisms through which these associations occur are not well understood. The current study investigated (a) associations between emotion expression and substance use (i.e., alcohol, cigarettes, and marijuana) in newly parenting adolescents and young adults and (b) whether symptoms of depression and stress mediate these associations in young mothers and fathers.MethodsParticipants recruited from obstetrics and gynecology clinics completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Emotion Expression Scale for Children, and substance use items.ResultsPath analysis indicated that lower emotion expression at 6 months postpartum was significantly associated with more alcohol and marijuana use at 12 months postpartum for males but not females. Also among males, stress levels at 6 months postpartum partially mediated associations between emotion expression and alcohol and marijuana use at 12 months postpartum.ConclusionsFindings suggest that poor emotion expression skills are related to more substance use in young fathers, and levels of stress may partially account for this association.
Purification and characterization of an alkaliphilic endo‐xylanase from Streptomyces althioticusLMZM and utilization in the pulp paper industry
Authors: Luo Ling , Cai Jun , Wang Changgao , Lin Jianguo , Du Xin , Zhou Ansheng , Xiang Mengxiong 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDXylanase is the key enzyme involved in the conversion of lignocelluloses.RESULTSAn extracellular xylanase from Streptomyces althioticus LMZM submerged culture medium using corncob was purified and characterized. The enzyme was purified 12.65‐fold through ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G‐25, DEAE cellulose chromatography, followed by gel filtration through a Sephadex G–100 column. The molecular mass of purified xylanase was about 31.75 kDa. The enzyme was an endo‐xylanase, as it degraded xylan to xylooligosaccharide with non‐xylose after 24 h. The purified enzyme showed optimum activity at 60 °C and at pH 8.0 but remained active over a wide range of pH (6.0–11.0) and temperature (40–80 °C). The enzyme retained 98.72% and 69.50% residual enzyme activity at pH 8.0 and at 60 °C after 1 h. The Km and Vmax values were found to be 43.03 mg mL−1 and 312.5 µmol (min mg−1), respectively. The enzyme was remarkably activated by cysteine and Cu2+, and its activity was strongly inhibited by Hg2+. The brightness of kraft pulp was improved by this xylanase.CONCLUSIONSince the enzyme was active over a wide range of pH, and remained active at high temperature, it could find potential uses in biobleaching processes in pulp paper industries and in the production of xylooligosacaharides. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Topographical investigation of changes in depth‐wise proteoglycan distribution in rabbit femoral articular cartilage at 4 weeks after transection of the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Arokoski Mikko E.A. , Tiitu Virpi , Jurvelin Jukka S. , Korhonen Rami K. , Fick James M. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, we explore topographical changes in proteoglycan distribution from femoral condylar cartilage in early osteoarthritis, acquired from both the lateral and medial condyles of anterior cruciate ligament transected (ACLT) and contralateral (CNTRL) rabbit knee joints, at 4 weeks post operation. Four sites across the cartilage surface in a parasagittal plane were defined across tissue sections taken from femoral condyles, and proteoglycan (PG) content was quantified using digital densitometry. The greatest depth‐wise change in PG content due to an ACLT (compared to the CNTRL group) was observed anteriorly (site C) from the most weight‐bearing location within the lateral compartment. In the medial compartment, the greatest change was observed in the most weight‐bearing location (site B). The depth‐wise changes in PG content were observed up to 48% and 28% depth from the tissue surface at these aforementioned sites, respectively (p < 0.05). The smallest depth‐wise change in PG content was observed posteriorly (site A) from the most weight‐bearing location within both femoral condyles (up to 20% and up to 5% depth from the tissue surface at lateral and medial compartments, respectively). This study gives further insight into how early cartilage deterioration progresses across the parasagittal plane of the femoral condyle. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1278–1286, 2015.
Effect of transpiration on iron uptake and translocation in lowland rice
Authors: Shrestha Ram K. , Engel Katrin , Becker Mathias 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe evaluated six lowland rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes with contrasting responses to increasing Fe2+ concentrations under conditions of both low (0.3 kPa) and high (2.4 kPa) vapor pressure deficit. Dry atmospheric conditions generally enhanced transpiration with concomitant increases in Fe uptake and leaf bronzing. Some resistant genotypes were able to limit the water loss by transpiration under higher Fe concentrations thus attenuating negative effects associated with increased Fe2+ translocation at high vapor pressure deficit.