bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Range dynamics driven by Quaternary climate oscillations explain the distribution of introgressed mtDNA of Lepus timidus origin in hares from the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Acevedo Pelayo , Melo‐Ferreira José , Farelo Liliana , Beltran‐Beck Beatriz , Real Raimundo , Campos Rita , Alves Paulo C. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAimA striking case of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) introgression occurs in the Iberian Peninsula: the mtDNA of Lepus timidus, a species that inhabited this territory during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), is almost fixed in the Iberian range of Lepus europaeus, is very frequent in the northern half of Iberia within Lepus granatensis, and is fixed in Lepus castroviejoi. Here, we used a transdisciplinary approach to understand the ecological drivers of the distribution of this introgressed mtDNA in the Iberian hare species.LocationEurope, with an emphasis on the Iberian Peninsula.MethodsFirst, we modelled the climatic niche of L. timidus to predict the favourability for the species during the LGM. Second, we gathered data regarding L. timidus mtDNA introgression for 1137 individuals (139 populations) from the Iberian Peninsula. We tested whether the climatic favourability for L. timidus during the LGM reflects the frequency of the introgressed mtDNA in the carrier hare populations.ResultsThe climatic favourability for the LGM is positively related to the presence of individuals with L. timidus mtDNA, and discriminates better than by chance between individuals with and without this lineage. At the population level, the favourability values relate to the observed frequencies of mtDNA introgression and discriminate between populations with and without L. timidus mtDNA.Main conclusionsThe results suggest that the geographical distribution of L. timidus mtDNA introgression is linked to L. timidus distribution in Iberia during the LGM. Our study helps to improve our understanding of the role of climate in the reticulated evolutionary history of hares, and is a first step towards understanding the ecological impact of mtDNA introgression on Iberian hares.
Norepinephrine and its metabolites are involved in the synthesis of neuromelanin derived from the locus coeruleus
Authors: Wakamatsu Kazumasa , Tabuchi Keisuke , Ojika Makoto , Zucca Fabio A. , Zecca Luigi , Ito Shosuke 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn order to elucidate the chemical structure of black to brown pigments, neuromelanins (NMs), in the substantia nigra (SN) and the locus coeruleus (LC) in the central nervous system of humans and other mammalian species during aging, chemical degradative methods are powerful tools. HPLC analysis after hydroiodic acid hydrolysis detected aminohydroxyphenylethylamines, aminohydroxyphenylacetic acids, and aminohydroxyethylbenzenes, which confirmed that SN‐NM and LC‐NM contain melanin derived not only from dopamine and norepinephrine (NE) but also from several other catecholic metabolites, such as 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3,4‐dihydroxymandelic acid, 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylethanol, and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol, in addition to the corresponding Cys‐derivatives in varying degrees. However, hydroiodic acid hydrolysis showed that LC‐NM produced the same degradation products as were detected in SN‐NM. Thus, we needed to develop a new chemical detection method to validate the existence of NE in LC‐NM. In the present study, we report that HCl hydrolysis of LC‐NM in the presence of thioglycolic acid yields new products arising from substitution of the hydroxyl group by thioglycolic acid at the benzyl position of NE and cysteinyl‐NE. This is the first chemical evidence showing that NE and cysteinyl‐NE are incorporated into LC‐NM.
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Using the chemical degradation methods for the determination of catechols in neuromelanin (NM), we have shown that dopamine (DA), 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylethanol (DOPE), and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) are mainly responsible for the structure of NM from substantia nigra (SN), while norepinephrine (NE), 3,4‐dihydroxymandelic acid (DOMA), and 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylethylene glycol (DOPEG) are additionally responsible for the structure of NM from locus coeruleus (LC).
Victorian Melodrama
Authors: Gilmour Michael 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article offers a survey of criticism on Victorian melodrama since the rise of cultural studies in the 1960s. It will consider various approaches to melodrama, from formalist and materialist accounts to revisionist studies which investigate the historiography of Victorian popular theatre. The field of melodrama studies is now so large that it is impossible to provide a comprehensive survey within this space. As such, there are some omissions: this article focusses almost exclusively on studies which take British (primarily London) melodrama as their focus, and it only includes scholarship dealing with melodrama on the stage and in the novel. The first part of this essay summarises foundational work in the field, and the second section details how melodrama has been seen as influencing other cultural forms. The third section turns to scholarship which places melodrama within its historical context, whilst the fourth section considers revisionist accounts which question the interpretative and discursive methods used to conceptualise the Victorian theatre. To conclude, this essay will address the subject of emotion and melodrama, and suggest a possible new framework through which to view and expand upon current understandings of ‘affect’ and the melodramatic theatre.
Life under ice in the perennial ice‐covered Lake Glubokoe in Summer (East Antarctica)
Authors: Sharov Andrey N. , Berezina Nadezhda A. , Tolstikov Aleksey V. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis study focuses on hydrological and biotic variables in Lake Glubokoe, which is located in Thala Hills of Enderby Land (East Antarctica). Water and sediment samples and physical measurements were collected once a week in the austral summer (19 December 2010 – 6 February 2011). This lake exhibits perennial ice cover that reached a thickness of 2.5–2.7 m during the study period. A very low concentration of planktonic chlorophyll‐a (0.06–0.45 μg L−1) was measured in the lake, indicating its ultra‐oligotrophic status. The water was poorly populated by algae and metazoans, especially in upper waters below ice cover to a depth of 2 m. Small planktonic organisms (2–5 μm) were observed throughout the study period, but larger organisms (>8 μm) such as the cyanobacteria Planktolyngbya limnetica occurred only during the warmest period (January). Only few individuals of metazoans (rotifers) were found in planktonic samples. Due to deep light penetration (10–15% of incoming active solar radiation reached the depth of 30 m), thick cyanobacterial mats (30 cm) cover all the bottom surface (grey silts) in the lake. Abundant benthic biota associated with these mats was found (up to 1000 ind. m−2). Among the benthic metazoans, bdelloid rotifers and tardigrades were the dominating taxa. The results of this study suggest a typical ecological feature of most subglacial lakes in East Antarctica is that metazoans are very poor in the pelagic zone, preferring instead to occupy an area near the lake bottom because of a favourable constant temperature of 4 °C, good level of dissolved oxygen and available food resources as the bacterial detritus.
Microbial metagenomics in aquaculture: a potential tool for a deeper insight into the activity
Authors: Martínez‐Porchas Marcel , Vargas‐Albores Francisco 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe use and study of microbes in aquaculture has become a common practice in the last decade. Metagenomics is a relative recent genomics subdiscipline that has emerged as a promising scientific tool to analyse the complex genomes contained within microbial communities. However, despite the potential of metagenomics, its use is not yet common in some agro‐industrial disciplines such as aquaculture. In this review, we analyse some of the potential uses of metagenomics in aquaculture to highlight the microbial diversity and dynamics of the culture systems. This review addresses some potential uses of metagenomics in the study of microbial diversity, microbial roles in microcosms, antibiotic resistance genes, novel and potential pathogens, microbial communities forming bioflocs, probiotics and other applications.
Enhancing aquaculture development: mapping the tilapia aquaculture value chain in Ghana
Authors: Asiedu Berchie , Failler Pierre , Beyens Yolaine 
Published: July 2015

AbstractFish is important in the diet of millions of Ghanaians supplying protein and micronutrients. Ghanaians have developed taste preferences for the consumption of Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia), thereby booming the tilapia aquaculture industry. This paper looks comprehensively at the value chain of the tilapia aquaculture sector in Ghana to identify particular areas of intervention and development opportunities in achieving food security and nutrition needs, safety, quality and trade benefits. Mixed methods (including stakeholders’ workshop, interviews and document analysis from official sources) were employed in collecting data between January and December 2014. The analysis indicates that farmed tilapia products are currently not exported but locally consumed. In 2012, approximately 28 000 t of tilapia were supplied to the local market. The bulk of the supply came from cage culture (85%) with the remaining coming from ponds and dugouts. About 98% of tilapia coming from aquaculture is supplied directly to the local markets, whilst 2% is family consumed (subsistence). The marketing channel involves farmers selling to wholesalers/retailers and to consumers/restaurants in nearby villages or secondary towns. The processing technology is generally low (mainly sun drying, small size smokers). Currently, due to the growing middle‐class Ghanaians, high domestic demand for fish and high levels of undernutrition among many poor Ghanaians, there is a good and readily available market for all sizes of tilapia produced locally. However, farmed tilapia has the potential for export to the international markets if it is processed as smoked and salted. To achieve this, there is the need to develop a practical guide for aquaculture exporters by the relevant stakeholders, strengthen capacity building of public institutions to deal with the export of aquaculture products and train more aquaculture personnel, and collate proper documentation of aquaculture products.
Grounding, Contingency and Transitivity
Authors: Loss Roberto 
Published: July 2015

AbstractGrounding contingentism is the doctrine according to which grounds are not guaranteed to necessitate what they ground. In this paper I will argue that the most plausible version of contingentism (which I will label ‘serious contingentism’) is incompatible with the idea that the grounding relation is transitive, unless either ‘priority monism’ or ‘contrastivism’ are assumed.
Clinical impact of early bronchoscopy in mechanically ventilated patients with aspiration pneumonia
Authors: Lee Hyun Woo , Min Jinsoo , Park Jisoo , Lee Yeon Joo , Kim Se Joong , Park Jong Sun , Yoon Ho Il , Lee Jae‐Ho , Lee Choon‐Taek , Cho Young‐Jae 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveA handful of studies have reported that bronchoscopies influence the clinical outcome of mechanically ventilated patients with aspiration pneumonia. The purpose of the present study is to elucidate the therapeutic role of early bronchoscopy in patients with aspiration who are mechanically ventilated.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted via medical record review from 2003 through 2013 in a tertiary hospital. All the diagnoses of pneumonia were supported by the probability of aspiration and consolidation of dependent areas confirmed by computed tomography. Patients who underwent bronchoscopy within 24 h after intubation were categorized as the early bronchoscopy group and the others as the late bronchoscopy group. We compared the demographics, clinical parameters and outcomes between the two groups.ResultsOf the 154 patients who were included, the early bronchoscopy group (n = 93) showed significantly lower in‐intensive care unit (ICU) mortality and 90‐day mortality (in‐ICU: 4.9% vs 24.6%; 90‐day: 11.8 vs 32.8%) regardless of the initial empirical antibiotics. In addition, their sequential organ failure assessment score on day 7 tended to decrease more rapidly. Among the survivors, patients in the early bronchoscopy group were extubated earlier with a higher success rate, had a shorter length of mechanical ventilation and had a shorter ICU stay. The early bronchoscopy was associated with lower 90‐day mortality in multivariate analysis (odds ratio: 0.412; 95% confidence interval: 0.192–0.883).ConclusionsEarly bronchoscopy could benefit the clinical outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients with aspiration pneumonia.
Drift Estimation in Sparse Sequential Dynamic Imaging, With Application to Nanoscale Fluorescence Microscopy
Authors: Hartmann Alexander , Huckemann Stephan , Dannemann Jörn , Laitenberger Oskar , Geisler Claudia , Egner Alexander , Munk Axel 
Published: July 2015

SummaryA major challenge in many modern superresolution fluorescence microscopy techniques at the nanoscale lies in the correct alignment of long sequences of sparse but spatially and temporally highly resolved images. This is caused by the temporal drift of the protein structure, e.g. due to temporal thermal inhomogeneity of the object of interest or its supporting area during the observation process. We develop a simple semiparametric model for drift correction in single-marker switching microscopy. Then we propose an M-estimator for the drift and show its asymptotic normality. This is used to correct the final image and it is shown that this purely statistical method is competitive with state of the art calibration techniques which require the incorporation of fiducial markers in the specimen. Moreover, a simple bootstrap algorithm allows us to quantify the precision of the drift estimate and its effect on the final image estimation. We argue that purely statistical drift correction is even more robust than fiducial tracking, rendering the latter superfluous in many applications. The practicability of our method is demonstrated by a simulation study and by a single-marker switching application. This serves as a prototype for many other typical imaging techniques where sparse observations with high temporal resolution are blurred by motion of the object to be reconstructed.
Incorporating world Englishes into undergraduate ESL education courses
Authors: ATES BURCU , ESLAMI ZOHREH R. , WRIGHT KATHERINE LANDAU 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTEnglish has become the language of global communication and users around the globe are adapting it to meet their needs. It is essential for teachers to keep pace with the changing expectation of its users to be able to prepare students for the realities they encounter in today's globalized world. The purpose of our study was to incorporate world Englishes perspectives into required undergraduate ESL education courses in a teacher education program that prepares PreK‐6 generalist and grades 4–8 content area teachers in the southwestern United States. Qualitative and quantitative research findings revealed that preservice teachers vastly benefited from exposure to world Englishes perspectives. The study has pedagogical implications for teacher education programs.
Insights from ELF and WE in teacher training in Greece and Turkey
Authors: SIFAKIS NICOS C. , BAYYURT YASEMIN 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe paper describes a framework for the education of ESOL teachers that is inspired by principles grounded in research on English as a lingua franca (ELF) and world Englishes (WE). The essential feature of such a framework is that it involves interested teachers in a critical reorientation of their beliefs toward English language teaching, learning and communication. This transformative framework informs what we call the ‘ELF‐aware’ teacher education component. We then present a framework for a transformative perspective for ELF‐aware and WE‐aware teachers and describe the phases of a teacher education project that attempted to put this framework into practice.
Bilingual creativity in Russia: English‐Russian language play
Authors: RIVLINA ALEXANDRA 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe paper shows that English in modern Russia, like in many other Expanding Circle countries, is predominantly used in a mix with Russian in the creative (poetic, aesthetic, imaginative, or innovative) function in various domains. In this article, the peculiarities of the creative use of English in the Russian context are highlighted, and the article also discusses the semantic and pragmatic aspects of English‐Russian language play, demonstrating that English can be played on either just for entertainment or for conveying complex ideological meanings, determined by controversial attitudes to Westernization and Englishization in Russian society.
Modelling the development of English in Hong Kong
Authors: EVANS STEPHEN 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTInspired by Schneider's (2007) innovative Dynamic Model, this paper traces the rise of English‐knowing bilingualism in Hong Kong by analysing the authorship of 1,379 letters published in the city's leading English‐language newspapers since the early 1840s. The evidence points to three main phases in the evolution of this community: 1840s–1910s, 1920s–1970s, 1980s–present. In the first phase, the bilingual segment of the Chinese community was apparently microscopic or, in the words of a colonial official, ‘infinitesimal’. The second and third phases may be characterised as periods of spreading minority and majority bilingualism respectively.
Structure and gating of CLC channels and exchangers
Authors: Accardi Alessio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSince their serendipitous discovery the CLC family of Cl− transporting proteins has been a never ending source of surprises. From their double‐barrelled architecture to their complex structure and divergence as channels and transporters, the CLCs never cease to amaze biophysicists, biochemists and physiologists alike. These unusual functional properties allow the CLCs to fill diverse physiological niches, regulating processes that range from muscle contraction to acidification of intracellular organelles, nutrient accumulation and survival of bacteria to environmental stresses. Over the last 15 years, the availability of atomic‐level information on the structure of the CLCs, coupled to the discovery that the family is divided into passive channels and secondary active transporters, has revolutionized our understanding of their function. These breakthroughs led to the identification of the key structural elements regulating gating, transport, selectivity and regulation by ligands. Unexpectedly, many lines of evidence indicate that the CLC exchangers function according to a non‐conventional transport mechanism that defies the fundamental tenets of the alternating‐access paradigm for exchange transport, paving the way for future unexpected insights into the principles underlying active transport and channel gating.
Pyoverdine and Proteases Affect the Response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Gallium in Human Serum
Authors: Bonchi Carlo , Frangipani Emanuela , Imperi Francesco , Visca Paolo 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Gallium is an iron mimetic which has recently been repurposed as an antibacterial agent due to its capability to disrupt bacterial iron metabolism. In this study, the antibacterial activity of gallium nitrate [Ga(NO
3
)
3
] was investigated in complement-free human serum (HS) on 55
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
clinical isolates from cystic fibrosis and non-cystic fibrosis patients. The susceptibility of
P. aeruginosa
to Ga(NO
3
)
3
in HS was dependent on the bacterial ability to acquire iron from serum binding proteins (i.e., transferrin). The extent of serum protein degradation correlated well with
P. aeruginosa
growth in HS, while pyoverdine production did not. However, pyoverdine-deficient
P. aeruginosa
strains were unable to grow in HS and overcome iron restriction, albeit capable of releasing proteases. Predigestion of HS with proteinase K promoted the growth of all strains, irrespective of their ability to produce proteases and/or pyoverdine. The MICs of Ga(NO
3
)
3
were higher in HS than in an iron-poor Casamino Acids medium, where proteolysis does not affect iron availability. Coherently, strains displaying high proteolytic activity were less susceptible to Ga(NO
3
)
3
in HS. Our data support a model in which both pyoverdine and proteases affect the response of
P. aeruginosa
to Ga(NO
3
)
3
in HS. The relatively high Ga(NO
3
)
3
concentration required to inhibit the growth of highly proteolytic
P. aeruginosa
isolates in HS poses a limitation to the potential of Ga(NO
3
)
3
in the treatment of
P. aeruginosa
bloodstream infections.
‘Care for Stroke’, a web-based, smartphone-enabled educational intervention for management of physical disabilities following stroke: feasibility in the Indian context
Authors: Sureshkumar K , Murthy G V S , Munuswamy Suresh , Goenka Shifalika , Kuper Hannah 
Published: July 2015

IntroductionStroke rehabilitation is a process targeted towards restoration or maintenance of the physical, mental, intellectual and social abilities of an individual affected by stroke. Unlike high-income countries, the resources for stroke rehabilitation are very limited in many low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Provision of cost-effective, post-stroke multidisciplinary rehabilitation services for the stroke survivors therefore becomes crucial to address the unmet needs and growing magnitude of disability experienced by the stroke survivors in LMICs. In order to meet the growing need for post-stroke rehabilitation services in India, we developed a web-based Smartphone-enabled educational intervention for management of physical disabilities following a stroke.MethodsOn the basis of the findings from the rehabilitation needs assessment study, guidance from the expert group and available evidence from systematic reviews, the framework of the intervention content was designed. Web-based application designing and development by Professional application developers were subsequently undertaken.ResultsThe application is called ‘Care for Stroke’. It is a web-based educational intervention for management of physical disabilities following a stroke. This intervention is developed for use by the Stroke survivors who have any kind of rehabilitation needs to independently participate in his/her family and social roles.Discussion‘Care for stroke’ is an innovative intervention which could be tested not just for its feasibility and acceptability but also for its clinical and cost-effectiveness through rigorously designed, randomised clinical trials. It is very important to test this intervention in LMICs where the rehabilitation and information needs of the stroke survivors seem to be substantial and largely unmet.