bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Novel Precursors of HIV-1 Proteases Inhibitors as a Novel Anticancer Therapy: Real Time Metabolic Profile Analysis of Leukemia and Myeloma Cell Lines
Authors: Sichetti Mariza , Giglio Eugenia , Giuseffi Martina , Mecca Marisabel 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE As of today, the central role of mitochondrial metabolism associated with tumorigenesis and progression of malignancies has been deeply investigated. Moreover, oxidative phosphorylation inhibition shows that aerobic glycolysis alone is not sufficient to sustain cancer cell survival. In this study, we used Agilent Seahorse XF-Pro Analyzer to investigate the effect of two different HIV-1 protease inhibitor precursor, by interrogating mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis of live cells in real time. METHODS The Agilent Seahorse XF-Pro Analyzer is a fully integrated 96-wells instrument that measures in real time, directly into the cell culture plate, the flux of oxygen (oxygen consumption rate, OCR) and protons (extracellular acidification rate, ECAR) of respectively mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. The Seahorse ATP rate assay kit is used a fluorescent biosensor cartridge, able to measure pH and oxygen levels in the medium. Data were expressed as a percentage of OCR or ECAR change comparing metabolic rate after compound exposure to a pre-exposure baseline. Two multiple myeloma cell lines (MM1S and RPMI-8226) and a chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell line (HG3) were treated for 24h with HIV-1 protease inhibitor precursor of Darunavir (RDD-19 and RDD-142). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from healthy donators were used as control. RESULTS In the experimental protocol used, we observed that the mitochondrial respiration rates markedly decrease in response to RDD-19 and RDD-142 in all cell lines. In particular, in HG3 (chronic lymphocytic leukemia) cells the effect of RDD-142 compared to RDD-19 and DMSO (negative control) is extremely significant. Interestingly, the mitochondrial ATP production decreases in parallel with the slightly increase of glycolytic rate suggesting a compensatory effect in cellular survival. CONCLUSION The Warburg effect postulated that the increase of glycolysis rate drives malignant transformation. However, the importance of mitochondrial respiration contribution and subsequent energy production still have a fundamental role in tumor growth. Our data confirms this argument and suggests that respiration-deficient cancer cells have a severely compromised ability for tumor progression. In particular, our finding shed light on further investigation of RDD-19 and RDD-142 as promising anticancer candidates on leukemia and myeloma cells.
A Novel Mechanism Promotes Actin Patch Formation to Prevent Chromatin Bridge Breakage in Cytokinesis
Authors: Balafouti Sofia , Zachos George , Petsalaki Eleni 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Chromatin bridges are strands of incompletely segregated DNA connecting the anaphase poles or daughter nuclei. If unresolved, chromatin bridges can break in cytokinesis leading to micronuclei formation and accumulation of DNA damage. To prevent this, human cells form accumulations of polymerized actin (actin patches) at the base of the intercellular canal to stabilize chromatin bridges however, the molecular mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. METHODS To investigate these mechanisms, we analyzed carcinoma cells by confocal or live-cell fluorescence microscopy. Also, to detect proteins from cell lysates we used molecular techniques, such as western blotting and GST-pull downs. RESULTS In the present study, we identify small GTPases and downstream signaling components which control the growth or contraction of filamentous actin fibers, that localize to actin patches and are required for stable chromatin bridges in cytokinesis. Inhibition of these actin regulators reduces actin patch formation and promotes chromatin bridge breakage. Furthermore, chromatin breakage in cells deficient for the above proteins is not caused by premature abscission, but correlates with reduced actin patches compared with wild-type cells. We also propose that DNA bridges generate tension inside the nucleus which is then transmitted through specific mechanosensitive complexes to the cell cytoskeleton to promote generation of actin patches in the cytoplasm. CONCLUSION This study identifies a novel signaling pathway that prevents chromatin bridge breakage by promoting actin patch formation in cytokinesis in human cells. Because chromatin breakage can lead to genomic instability that is associated with cancer formation or progression, understanding how cells stabilize chromatin bridges may help us understand mechanisms of tumorigenesis.
Assessing Differences in Healthcare Access for Women in Rural Uganda by HIV Status
Authors: Sheehan Mia , Dau Hallie , AboMoslim Maryam , Naguti Priscilla , Mwandacha Nelly , Booth Amy , Smith Laurie , Orem Jackson , Ogilvie Gina , Nakisige Carolyn 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Although a preventable disease, cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer death among women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Uganda has one of the highest cervical cancer incidence rates, largely due to limited accessibility and availability of screening services. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive women are significantly more likely to develop cervical cancer and face barriers to accessing healthcare when compared to HIV-negative women. As such, HIV-positive women represent a priority population for cervical cancer prevention. This study aims to compare how HIV-positive and HIV-negative women in rural Uganda access health services to inform the integration of cervical cancer screening with HIV care. METHODS This cross-sectional study recruited women living in the South Busoga District Reserve from January to August 2023. Women were eligible if they were aged 30 to 49 years old, had no history of cervical cancer screening or treatment, had no previous hysterectomy, and could provide informed consent. Participants completed a survey administered by village health teams, which included questions on HIV status, demographics, healthcare access, and services received. The data was analyzed using bivariate descriptive statistics, including chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS Among the 1437 participants included in the analysis, 8.8% were HIV-positive. The majority of the respondents were between 30-39 years of age, were married, had received primary education or higher, and were farmers. The majority of women in both groups had accessed outreach visits (HIV-positive = 89.0%, HIV-negative = 85.8%) and health centers (HIV-positive = 96.1%, HIV-negative = 80.2%). The most commonly received services among both groups of women at outreach visits and health centers were immunization and antenatal care, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that there were no significant differences in healthcare access between HIV-positive and HIV-negative women in rural Uganda. Additionally, the high usage of healthcare services by women living with HIV suggests that the integration of cervical cancer and HIV screening may facilitate early detection and prevention of cervical cancer among this population. This can reduce the burden of disease in Uganda and further contribute to the World Health Organization's initiative to eradicate cervical cancer.
Building a Laparoscopic Urology Cancer Program in an Academic Tertiary Hospital in Southern Nigeria
Authors: Oyetola Okonji Nkemdilim Ifeyinwa , Osaghae Samuel Omoregie , Osaigbovo Emmanuel Osaro , Ozah Ehiremen , Obasuyi Joseph 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Despite being the mainstay in early renal cancer treatment worldwide, due to the proven advantages of significantly reduced morbidity, reduced blood loss, better cosmetic appearance, and early discharge, laparoscopic cancer surgeries are rarely performed in low and middle-income countries in Nigeria This is largely due to a dearth of laparoscopic Urology cancer training programs in majority of Nigeria. This paper aims to describe the pilot implementation of a laparoscopic renal training workshop in one of the flagship tertiary teaching hospitals in the southern geopolitical zone of Nigeria, as a means of capacity building for improved renal oncologic outcomes. METHODS The 1st advanced laparoscopic Urology workshop was conducted at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital from the 11th- 15th of September 2023. Fourteen Participants were nominated across 3 hospitals that offer open renal Urologic surgeries for renal pathologies, including renal malignancies in 2 of the 6 states in the South-South region of Nigeria. Following the training, pilot implementation of laparoscopic renal cancer surgery was done in consenting patients in one of the centers. The study endpoints were implementation outcomes of reach during the training workshop and feasibility of the program, and its descriptive statistics were computed. RESULTS The reach of the training workshop among Urology consultants was 75% (n=6). The reach among Urology trainees was 67% (n=4). Laparoscopic surgery was executed in 67% (n=10) of patients. Male to female ratio was 1:1. Age range 21-67 years. Rate of conversion to open surgery was 20% (n=2). Postoperative surgical morbidity was recorded in 10% (n=1). Postoperative hospital stay was 3-5 days. There was no requirement for blood transfusion and no mortality was recorded. Participants reported a high rate of relevance of the training on their knowledge, acquisition of intended skills and intent to use the skills gained to perform laparoscopic urology surgeries. Challenges faced were lack of adequate urology laparoscopy instruments, out of pocket financing of surgeries and limited capability of the improvised lap trainers/ simulators. CONCLUSION Notwithstanding the challenges, the lap program was feasible to implement in a low resource setting. The success of the 1st advanced Urology Laparoscopic training program in UBTH projects the effectiveness of cancer training programs in low and middle income countries.
Cancer Burden in Rwanda: 5 Years Diagnostic Experience at University of Teaching Hospital of Butare, Rwanda
Authors: Fathima Samreen , Hategekimana Elise 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Cancer is recognized as a global problem. Recent reports indicate that 1 in 5 men and 1 in 6 women worldwide will develop cancer in their lifetime. In 2018, 18.1 million new cases were reported worldwide, with many of them occurring in low- and middle-income countries. Approximately 1 million new cases are diagnosed annually in Africa. The University Teaching Hospital of Butare (CHUB) diagnoses many cancer cases annually at Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, but there is no consensus or study as to which types of cancers predominate and how patient care can be enhanced in future. In this study, we studied the status of cancer burden based on types at CHUB, Rwanda. We reviewed the different types of diagnosis made and the associated demographics. METHODS This retrospective study included all anatomical pathology reports seen between 2018-2022 at CHUB. Anatomical pathology reports were examined, and cases were classified based on age, sex, district/location, and diagnosis of malignancy. Cancer types were grouped according to the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. RESULTS A total of 8085 specimens reports were examined. Of the 8085 specimens, 1709 (21%) had diagnosis of malignancy and 6376 specimens had a benign diagnosis. Of the 1709 specimens, 990 were female patients and 717 were male patients. Diagnosis of Carcinoma (1365), sarcoma (109), lymphoma (99), melanoma (59), and non-differentiated (45) was made. In patients less than 15 years old, lymphoma had the highest rate of diagnosis, followed by sarcoma. Of all diagnosed cancers, cervix was most prevalent followed by stomach, prostate, breast, and skin. Cervical carcinoma was most prevalent in females and prostate in males. CONCLUSION Cancer cases and the number of diagnosed specimens increased in 2020. The number of histologically diagnosed cancers is still low considering 4 million people who can access care at CHUB. Gastric cancer is a major concern as it comes second behind cervix by only 5 cases in the last 5 years. Major challenges of further classifications of sarcomas, lymphomas and non-differentiated cancers are due to lack of immunohistochemistry, as well as population sensitization for screening and early diagnosis.
Correlation Studies Are Essential for Achieving World Health Organization Cervical Screening Targets
Authors: Suba Eric , Neethling Greta , Boaz Mwesigwa , Van Duong Dang , Grzybicki Dana 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Cervical screening prevents cervical cancer by detecting and eradicating pre-cancerous cervical lesions before they progress to cancers. The World Health Organization global strategy to accelerate the elimination of cervical cancer as a public health problem sets the following two targets regarding cervical screening: 70% of the world's women should be screened with a high-performance test, and 90% of women with cervical disease should receive appropriate follow-up care. Quality management is the clinical discipline that assesses whether those targets are met. METHODS Correlation studies (CS) are quality management methods that compare cervical screening test results with follow-up cervical biopsy test results and assess whether those pairs of results are concordant, discordant, or missing. CS assess whether women with abnormal cervical screening test results have received appropriate follow-up care. CS determines whether cervical screening tests are high-performing by assessing whether cervical disease-detection rates are in control, relative to local benchmarks. Because CS detect medical errors, there are psychological, professional, and financial obstacles that hamper implementation of CS. In 1988, the US Federal Government mandated implementation of certain types of CS throughout the USA. Because there is little data regarding implementation of CS in LMICs, we surveyed practitioners in LMICs, in person and by videoconference, regarding local practices for implementation of CS in LMICs. RESULTS Where implemented, CS provides information critical to assuring the effectiveness of cervical cancer prevention efforts in LMICs. However, there are significant obstacles to implementing CS in LMICs. CONCLUSION In LMICs, expanding information-sharing networks among clinical practitioners, improving quality management training in CS, and implementing appropriate changes to healthcare regulations will help meet cervical screening targets set by WHO and thereby improve the effectiveness of global cervical cancer prevention efforts.
Dietary Patterns and Risk of Breast Cancer in Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dabar Anita , Akinsolu Folahanmi Tomiwa , Abodunrin Olunike , Olagunju Mobolaji , Adekola Bukola Marylyn , Aleru Elizabath , Ajala Lydia , Samuel Ekundayo , Mustahpa Adetoun 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer affecting women worldwide. The etiology of cancer is multifactorial and includes both non-modifiable factors such as age, race, and ethnicity and modifiable factors such as dietary patterns, level of physical activity, and alcohol consumption. Most epidemiological studies investigating the role of dietary patterns in the development of breast cancer are mostly performed in Western countries, and thus dietary patterns in Africa and breast cancer are less understood. It is therefore imperative to identify specific African diets or food groups that can be linked to the development of breast cancer. To systematically review and identify studies that investigate the role of African dietary patterns or food groups in the development of breast cancer. METHODS Studies that were published between January 2010 and June 2023. Articles that focused on groups, single food groups, or nutrients were included in the search. Search terms were combined using Boolean operators: breast cancer AND (diet OR dietary patterns) AND Africa AND women. Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were used as databases to search for relevant articles. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were included in the review. A total of 13 articles met the search criteria. The quality of each article was appraised. Using relevant tools. Using a data extraction form, relevant information was extracted from the 13 articles. RESULTS Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and lean proteins may reduce breast cancer risk, while processed foods may contribute to increased risk. CONCLUSION There is a need for a culturally sensitive yet scientifically informed approach to dietary guidelines in African countries aimed at breast cancer prevention.
Distribution and Types of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes and Associated Cervical Neoplastic Lesions in Women Living With HIV Infection in Jos Nigeria
Authors: Magaji Francis , Cosmas Nanma , Acheng Shedrach , Nenrot Danjuma , Asufi Joyce , Christian Elizebeth , Olugbenga Silas , Sagay Solomon , Murphy Robert , Lifang Hou , Achenbach Chad , Musa Jonah 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE The distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) genotypes in women living with HIV (WLWH) and cervical neoplastic lesion (CNL) are not clearly predictable. We sought to determine prevalence of hrHPV genotypes, distribution, risk of multiple hrHPV and CNL in WLWH in Jos, Nigeria. METHODS Study was carried out from a cohort of study participants in the u54 NIH/NCI funded project titled ‘Epigenomic biomarkers of HIV-Associated Cancers in Nigeria’ (U54CA221205) in Jos, Nigeria. WLWH who were CC-free (n=22), precancer (61) and CC (n=17) gave informed consent and participated in the study between Oct’-2019 & Sept’- 2022. Information on socio-demographic and clinical history were obtained using structured questionnaire. Cervical-vaginal specimens collected, HPV DNA detection and genotyping performed using Anyplex-II HPV28 kit (Seegene, Korea). Prevalence and distributions of hrHPV genotypes determined and logistic regression analysis used to analyze associations between multiple hrHPV and CNL. RESULTS Of the 101 WLWH, median age was 50.00 (IQR 43-57), median duration of HIV infection was 12 years (IQR 9-14), and median age at sexual debut was 18 years (IQR 16-20). History of multiple sexual partners (MSP) was 70.3%. The overall hrHPV prevalence was 57.4%, with single hrHPV in 29.7% and multiple hrHPV in 27.7%. The three commonest hrHPV genotypes were HPV 16 (12.9%), HPV 31 (10.9%), and HPV 45/52/58 (9.9%). HPV genotypes 16/18/other-hrHPVs was 10.9%, and HPV 31/33/45/52/58 without HPV 16 or 18 was 11.9%. HPV 16 was higher for precancer, and CC compared with CC-free (46.1% vs 38.5% vs 15.4%, p=0.113) and HPV 31/other-hrHPVs was higher in precancer and CC (71.4% vs 28.6% vs 0%, p=0.282) and other-hrHPVs without genotype 16 or 18 was higher in precancer compared with CC-free and CC (82.3% vs 5.9% vs 11.8%, p=0.141). History of MSP (aOR=8.18, 95% CI 1.44, 59.04), age at first cervical cancer screening (aOR=7.5, 95% CI 1.29, 63.23), and duration of HIV infection in years (aOR=0.86, 95% CI 0.73, 0.99), were independently associated with multiple hrHPV genotypes. CONCLUSION There is high prevalence of multiple hrHPV genotypes with diverse distribution. Universal HPV vaccination and HPV DNA testing for cervical cancer screening in HIV clinics may lead to reduction in incidence of CNL among the most at risk population.
Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention to Improve Safe Handling of Chemotherapeutic Drugs Among Healthcare Workers in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Cham , Nguyen Kim Hoa , Nguyen Mai Anh , Nguyen Thu Namg , Le Son , Tran Kim Cuc , Nguyen Ha , Pham Ha , Nguyen Hoai Thu , Tong Xuan Vinh , Trinh Hieu , Le Thanh Chi , Mai Loan , Nguyen Luu Hoang , Nguyen Ngoc , Hermiston Michelle , Bui Lan Ngoc 
Published: July 2024

PURPOSE To ensure the safety of patients and healthcare workers (HCWs), guidelines for the safe handling of hazardous drugs, such as chemotherapy agents, and the provision of personal protective equipment (PPE) are critical. These guidelines and PPE are only effective if they are followed. In developing countries, models to improve PPE compliance to reduce HCWs occupational exposure are required. This pilot aims to evaluate PPE compliance following an educational program in four hospitals caring for children with cancer in Vietnam. METHODS Healthcare workers classified as doctors, nurses, pharmacists, pharmacy technicians, and ancillary staff from pediatric hematology oncology and pharmacy departments from four hospitals undertook a 90-minute educational program. The educational intervention included a video on the management of hazardous drug spills and slides presentation on principles of safe hazardous drugs handling facilitated by trainers at each facility. Compliance was monitored monthly for 3 months following the intervention. Participants completed pre- and post- intervention online anonymous knowledge questionnaire. T and Ï‡2-tests are used for statistical analyses. RESULTS We conducted a total of 2894 direct observations for PPE compliance, including 1,129 pre-intervention and 1765 post-intervention. PPE compliance increased significantly from baseline 44% to 79%; P < 0.001. Compliance improved on all indications and professional categories following the introduction of the educational intervention. Greatest significant improvements were seen with disposal or cleaning (62 vs 7%; P < 0.001), administration (59 vs 25%; P < 0.001), and physician group (58 vs 9%; P < 0.001), respectively. There was significant increase in mean total knowledge score post-intervention (17.7 ±2.1) than pre-intervention (15.5 Â±3.4) (p < 0.00001). CONCLUSION A simple educational model was implemented in four Vietnamese hospitals that revealed good PPE compliance. Safe handling knowledge of chemotherapeutic drugs increased during the intervention. This PPE compliance model could be used in developing countries where resources are limited.