bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sensory and chemical effects of two alternatives of prefermentative cold soak in Malbec wines during winemaking and bottle ageing
Authors: Casassa Luis F. , Sari Santiago E. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryTwo alternatives of cold soak (CS), traditional external refrigeration (CS‐T) and use of solid CO2 (CS‐DI), were evaluated in Malbec wines and contrasted against a control (C) during winemaking and up to 24 months of bottle ageing. Sugar consumption up to 5 g L day‐1 was observed in CS‐T during the CS period. Both the viability of the population of Saccharomyces and non‐Saccharomyces were maintained during CS. CS‐T was detrimental for the anthocyanin and phenolic content and caused a reduction of absorbance in the visible spectrum of the wines relative to C and CS‐DI. CS‐DI had an early positive effect in the anthocyanin content and chromatic properties, but this effect subsided after 6 months of bottle ageing relative to C. From a sensory standpoint, CS‐T had the lowest colour saturation and a marked acetaldehyde character. CS‐DI wines were the most saturated in colour at press and early ageing, whereas a balsamic‐like aroma developed during bottle ageing. C wines were characterised by red fruits aroma, reduction and astringency early during winemaking, but a decrease in astringency and the reduction character occurred during bottle ageing.
Extravesical robot‐assisted laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation for vesicoureteral reflux: Initial experience in Japan with the ureteral advancement technique
Authors: Hayashi Yutaro , Mizuno Kentaro , Kurokawa Satoshi , Nakane Akihiro , Kamisawa Hideyuki , Nishio Hidenori , Moritoki Yoshinobu , Tozawa Keiichi , Kohri Kenjiro , Kojima Yoshiyuki 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesTo report our initial experience with robot‐assisted laparoscopic extravesical ureteral reimplantation using the ureteral advancement technique.MethodsA total of 15 ureters from nine patients (age range 2–25 years) underwent robot‐assisted laparoscopic extravesical ureteral reimplantation for the management of vesicoureteral reflux. The reflux was classified as grade I in one ureter, grade II in two ureters, grade III in seven ureters, grade IV in three ureters and grade V in two ureters. One of the five female patients had a bilateral duplex system, and reflux was observed in all four ureters. The da Vinci surgical system was utilized. Ureteral advancement was carried out in all cases. We also compared the operative outcomes between conventional laparoscopic procedure and robotic surgery.ResultsThe console time was 211.5 ± 87.4 min (median ± standard deviation) in the bilateral cases and 144.0 ± 40.8 min in the unilateral cases. Urethral catheters were removed at one or two postoperative days. None of the patients suffered postoperative complications, such as urine leakage or urinary retention. Postoperative voiding cystourethrography showed that the reflux had been resolved in 14 of the 15 ureters (success rate 93.3%). In the remaining case, the reflux grade decreased from III to I. The operative outcomes of robotic surgery were favorable and safe compared with conventional laparoscopic procedure.ConclusionsOur preliminary results showed that robot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery is a feasible and useful approach to extravesical ureteral reimplantation, even for patients with bilateral reflux.
Large Biases in Regression‐Based Constituent Flux Estimates: Causes and Diagnostic Tools
Authors: Hirsch Robert M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIt has been documented in the literature that, in some cases, widely used regression‐based models can produce severely biased estimates of long‐term mean river fluxes of various constituents. These models, estimated using sample values of concentration, discharge, and date, are used to compute estimated fluxes for a multiyear period at a daily time step. This study compares results of the LOADEST seven‐parameter model, LOADEST five‐parameter model, and the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) model using subsampling of six very large datasets to better understand this bias problem. This analysis considers sample datasets for dissolved nitrate and total phosphorus. The results show that LOADEST‐7 and LOADEST‐5, although they often produce very nearly unbiased results, can produce highly biased results. This study identifies three conditions that can give rise to these severe biases: (1) lack of fit of the log of concentration vs. log discharge relationship, (2) substantial differences in the shape of this relationship across seasons, and (3) severely heteroscedastic residuals. The WRTDS model is more resistant to the bias problem than the LOADEST models but is not immune to them. Understanding the causes of the bias problem is crucial to selecting an appropriate method for flux computations. Diagnostic tools for identifying the potential for bias problems are introduced, and strategies for resolving bias problems are described.
The Relationship Between Personal Knowledge and Decision Self‐Efficacy in Choosing Trial of Labor After Cesarean
Authors: Scaffidi Rose M. , Posmontier Barbara , Bloch Joan Rosen , Wittmann‐Price Ruth 
Published: May 2014

IntroductionThe number of women in the United States giving birth via cesarean remains high as the number of vaginal births after cesarean (VBAC) declines. The purpose of this study was to explore how personal knowledge and decision self‐efficacy of women who had a prior cesarean birth affected their decision about mode of birth in a subsequent pregnancy.MethodsA sample of 45 pregnant women with a history of a prior cesarean birth between 10 and 22 weeks’ gestation were surveyed to assess their knowledge of the risks and benefits of trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC) and elective repeat cesarean delivery (ERCD), and their degree of decision self‐efficacy related to their choice of mode of birth for the present pregnancy.ResultsDecision self‐efficacy was not a significant predictor of choice for mode of birth (P = 0.58). Knowledge scores of women who chose ERCD ranged from 0 to 10 (mean [SD], 4.64 [2.94]). Of women who chose TOLAC, knowledge scores ranged from 0 to 13 (mean [SD], 5.90 [3.64]) out of a total possible score of 14. Knowledge was found to be a significant factor in the decision‐making process for mode of birth (P = 0.03). Among women who were deemed to have high knowledge, 55% chose TOLAC, whereas 24% of women with high knowledge chose ERCD. The likelihood of a woman with high knowledge scores choosing a TOLAC was 3.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09‐13.81) times the odds of a woman with low knowledge scores choosing ERCD.DiscussionIn this study, more knowledge about the risks and benefits of TOLAC and ERCD was found to be positively associated with the decision for TOLAC. This finding is important for health care providers when counseling women who have had a prior cesarean about their choices regarding mode of birth during a subsequent pregnancy. Supplying women with complete and accurate information about the risks and benefits of both choices may help increase the number of women who opt for TOLAC.
Comprehensive assessment of alcohol‐related brain damage (ARBD): gap or chasm in the evidence?
Authors: Horton L. , Duffy T. , Hollins Martin C. , Martin C. R. 
Published: May 2014

Accessible summary
Alcohol‐related brain damage (ARBD) causes a broad range of both neurological and neurocognitive impairment.
Mental health nurses are required to provide programmes designed to facilitate individuals with chronic alcohol dependency to radically change their drinking behaviour, invariably with an abstinence focus.
No evidence that related to the nutritional and physical intervention needs of this group was found.
Most instruments used to access domains relevant to ARBD in terms of providing a comprehensive assessment have not been validated in this group.
AbstractAlcohol‐related brain damage (ARBD) is primarily caused by chronic alcohol misuse and thiamine deficiency, and results in a broad range of impairments. Despite the increasing incidence of ARBD in the UK in recent decades, it is currently underdiagnosed, managed inappropriately and treated inadequately. Moreover, information about assessments for individuals with ARBD is currently absent from clinical guidelines and policy documents. The aim of this paper was to review the evidence relating to the neurological, neuropsychological, psychosocial, physical and nutritional assessment of individuals with ARBD to identify appropriate assessment tools that could be used to measure and monitor the impact of ARBD over time. A systematic online database search revealed a total of 160 separate references, 133 of which were rejected and two of which could not be accessed. Twenty‐five papers were included in the review, including six neuroimaging studies, 17 neuropsychological studies and two studies using psychosocial methods of assessment. A lack of evidence for nutritional and physical assessment of individuals with ARBD was found. The review findings are inconclusive; most instruments currently used in ARBD research have not specifically been validated for use within an ARBD context. Further research is required to identify comprehensive methods of ARBD assessment.
Influence of a flooding dose of valine on key indicators of metabolic status in the growing pig
Authors: Libao‐Mercado A. J. , Columbus D. , de Lange C. F. M. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryA key concern with the flooding dose technique for measuring protein synthesis is that a large dose of amino acid (AA) can potentially change the animals’ hormonal and nutritional status, which in turn can influence protein synthesis. Among stable isotope tracers, 1‐[13C]‐valine is the preferred AA for measuring protein synthesis in gut tissue and mucins. A study was conducted to determine the impact of a flooding dose of valine on the metabolic status of pigs. Six barrows [16.5 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly assigned to intravenous infusions of either 150 mm valine (1.5 mmol/kg BW) or physiological saline, following a crossover design. Blood samples were taken 10 min prior to infusion, at the end of infusion, at 10‐min intervals for 60 min post‐infusion, and at 90 and 120 min post‐infusion. Plasma concentrations of insulin, glucose, AA, urea nitrogen and packed cell volume (PCV) were measured. Infusion of valine increased plasma valine concentrations (4129 vs. 582 μm; P < 0.05) but had no influence on PCV (26.4% vs. 27.2%) and plasma concentrations of glucose (6.0 vs. 5.8 mm) and insulin (8.2 vs. 8.5 μU/ml; P > 0.10). Plasma urea nitrogen concentration was reduced with valine infusion (8.5 vs. 7.8 mg/dl; P < 0.05). A flooding dose of valine had no impact on plasma concentrations of AA, and specifically branched‐chain AA such as leucine (240 vs. 231 μm) and isoleucine (310 vs. 331 μm; P > 0.10). There was, however, a slight increase in the plasma concentrations of threonine (224 vs. 263 μm; P < 0.05) and a tendency towards reduced glycine (1387 vs. 1313 μm; P < 0.10). The results indicate that a flooding dose of valine does not cause a substantial change in the metabolic status of growing pigs and is therefore suitable for measuring protein synthesis rates.
Metformin In Vitro and In Vivo Increases Adenosine Signaling in Rabbit Corpora Cavernosa
Authors: Vignozzi Linda , Filippi Sandra , Comeglio Paolo , Cellai Ilaria , Morelli Annamaria , Rastrelli Giulia , Maneschi Elena , Mannucci Edoardo , Maggi Mario 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Introduction
In subjects with erectile dysfunction responding poorly to sildenafil, metformin was reported to improve erections.

Aims
The aim of this study is to investigate metformin's mechanism of action on erectile function, particularly focusing on adenosine (ADO) and nitric oxide (NO) signaling in an animal model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome.

Methods
In vitro contractility studies of penile strips. Penile expression of genes related to ADO or NO signaling was also evaluated.

Main Outcome Measure
In vitro contractility studies were used to investigate the effect of in vivo and ex vivo metformin administration on ADO- or acetylcholine (Ach)-induced relaxation of penile strips from HFD as compared with animals fed a regular diet (RD).

Results
Expression of ADO receptor type 3 (A3R), ADO deaminase (ADA), AMP deaminase type 1 (AMPD1), and 2 (AMPD2) was decreased in HFD as compared with RD. Accordingly, in HFD the ADO relaxant effect was potentiated as compared with RD (P &lt; 0.02). In vivo metformin treatment in both RD and HFD significantly increased the ADO relaxing effect (P &lt; 0.0001 and P &lt; 0.01, respectively, vs. relative untreated groups) although to a different extent. In fact, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)/IC50 ratio in RD increased fourfold vs. HFD (RD IC50 ratio = 13.75 ± 2.96; HFD IC50 ratio = 2.85 ± 0.52). In corpora cavernosa (CC) from HFD, in vivo metformin (i) normalized A3R, ADA, and AMPD1; (ii) further decreased AMPD2; (iii) increased dimethylarginine dimethylamino-hydrolase; and (iv) partially restored impaired Ach-induced relaxation. Ex vivo metformin time and dose dependently increased the relaxant effect of ADO in RD. The potentiating effect of metformin on ADO-induced relaxation was significantly reduced by preincubation with NO synthase inhibitor Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME). Interestingly, in vivo testosterone supplementation in HFD rabbits (i) increased penile expression of endothelial NO synthase and AMPD2 and (ii) restored metformin's potentiating effect on ADO-induced relaxation up to RD level.

Conclusion
Metformin in vivo and ex vivo increases ADO signaling in CC, most probably interfering with NO formation and ADO breakdown.
Where does the carbon go? A model–data intercomparison of vegetation carbon allocation and turnover processes at two temperate forest free‐air CO2 enrichment sites
Authors: De Kauwe Martin G. , Medlyn Belinda E. , Zaehle Sönke , Walker Anthony P. , Dietze Michael C. , Wang Ying‐Ping , Luo Yiqi , Jain Atul K. , El‐Masri Bassil , Hickler Thomas , Wårlind David , Weng Ensheng , Parton William J. , Thornton Peter E. , Wang Shusen , Prentice I. Colin , Asao Shinichi , Smith Benjamin , McCarthy Heather R. , Iversen Colleen M. , Hanson Paul J. , Warren Jeffrey M. , Oren Ram , Norby Richard J. 
Published: May 2014

Summary

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) has the potential to increase vegetation carbon storage if increased net primary production causes increased long‐lived biomass. Model predictions of eCO2 effects on vegetation carbon storage depend on how allocation and turnover processes are represented.

We used data from two temperate forest free‐air CO2 enrichment (FACE) experiments to evaluate representations of allocation and turnover in 11 ecosystem models.

Observed eCO2 effects on allocation were dynamic. Allocation schemes based on functional relationships among biomass fractions that vary with resource availability were best able to capture the general features of the observations. Allocation schemes based on constant fractions or resource limitations performed less well, with some models having unintended outcomes. Few models represent turnover processes mechanistically and there was wide variation in predictions of tissue lifespan. Consequently, models did not perform well at predicting eCO2 effects on vegetation carbon storage.

Our recommendations to reduce uncertainty include: use of allocation schemes constrained by biomass fractions; careful testing of allocation schemes; and synthesis of allocation and turnover data in terms of model parameters. Data from intensively studied ecosystem manipulation experiments are invaluable for constraining models and we recommend that such experiments should attempt to fully quantify carbon, water and nutrient budgets.
Clinical relevance of Küttner tumour and IgG4‐related dacryoadenitis and sialoadenitis
Authors: Furukawa S , Moriyama M , Kawano S , Tanaka A , Maehara T , Hayashida J‐N , Goto Y , Kiyoshima T , Shiratsuchi H , Ohyama Y , Ohta M , Imabayashi Y , Nakamura S 
Published: May 2014

ObjectivesKüttner tumour (KT), so‐called chronic sclerosing sialoadenitis, is characterised by concomitant swelling of the submandibular glands secondary to strong lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis independent of sialolith formation. However, recent studies have indicated that some patients with KT develop high serum levels of IgG4 and infiltration of IgG4‐positive plasma cells, namely IgG4‐related dacryoadenitis and sialoadenitis (IgG4‐DS), so‐called Mikulicz's disease. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical and pathological associations between KT and IgG4‐DS.Materials and MethodsFifty‐four patients pathologically diagnosed with KT or chronic sialoadenitis were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of sialolith (KT‐S (+) or KT‐S (−), respectively).ResultsThere were no significant differences in the clinical findings, including the mean age, sex and disease duration, between the two groups. All patients in the KT‐S (+) group showed unilateral swelling without infiltration of IgG4‐positive plasma cells or a history of other IgG4‐related diseases (IgG4‐RD), while those in the KT‐S (−) group showed bilateral swelling (37.5%), strong infiltration of IgG4‐positive plasma cells (87.5%) and a history of other IgG4‐RD (12.5%).ConclusionsThese results suggest an association between the pathogeneses of KT‐S (−) and IgG4‐DS, but not KT‐S (+).
Report on World Workshops on Oral Medicine (WWOM) IV and V: research themes and citation impact
Authors: Peterson DE , Lodi G , Beier Jensen S , Greenberg MS , Hodgson T , Kerr AR , Wray D , Lockhart PB 
Published: May 2014

The first World Workshop on Oral Medicine (WWOM) was held in 1988. The portfolio has continued to expand in scope and impact over the past 26 years. Five World Workshops were conducted between 1988 and 2010, focusing on creation of systematic reviews in biomedicine and health care of importance to the international oral medicine community. WWOM VI was conducted in April 2014 and further extended this modeling. This most recent Workshop also fostered creation of the inaugural joint meeting between the American Academy of Oral Medicine and the European Association of Oral Medicine, together with The British Society for Oral Medicine and the Oral Medicine Academy of Australasia. The goal of the WWOM portfolio is to strategically enhance international oral medicine research, education, and clinical practice. To this end, this report summarizes subject areas for WWOM IV (2004) and research recommendations for WWOM V (2010), as well as citation metrics relative to publications from these two conferences. The information is designed to provide research and clinical context for key issues in oral medicine as delineated by the WWOM portfolio over the past 10 years, as well as for projected outcomes of WWOM VI over the next 12 months.
Would continuous feedback of patient's clinical outcomes to practitioners improve NHS psychological therapy services? Critical analysis and assessment of quality of existing studies
Authors: Davidson Kate , Perry Andrea , Bell Lisa 
Published: May 2014

PurposeContinuous outcome monitoring studies have been conducted by one group of researchers in the United States, mainly in university counselling clinics. We completed a systematic review of continuous outcome monitoring and feedback during psychological therapy and assessed the quality and methodological rigour of existing studies to examine if the findings might be applicable to psychological therapy settings in the United Kingdom.MethodsAn electronic database literature search was carried out on studies on or after 1990 to June 2013 using strict research criteria. Independent ratings of the quality of existing studies were undertaken.ResultsTen studies with original data met inclusion criteria and two meta‐analyses. Feedback improves outcomes for clients who are at risk of treatment failure but effect sizes diminish with more severe psychiatric populations. No study has followed up patients to assess maintenance of gains. Study quality is highly variable. Few studies included diagnostic information and details of randomization. Clinical Support Tools are thought to be helpful but how these were used was not described.ConclusionsAlthough research in continuous monitoring and feedback of clinical outcomes shows promising results in counselling settings, study quality, and methodological issues set limitations on the generalizability of the findings.Practitioner points

Feedback improves the outcome of therapy for young people with mild problems for those who are at risk of not improving with therapy.

Feedback improves outcomes for those with more severe mental health problems but with reduced effect sizes.

We do not know if improved outcomes are sustained.

The generalizability of the findings may be limited.
Arborescent Vascular Dilatation Mimicking Lichtenberg Figures from Lightning
Authors: Tempark Therdpong , Iwasaki Julie , Shwayder Tor 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe clinical presentation of arborizing vascular dilatation can resemble Lichtenberg figures from lightning. Both have a feather‐like or ferning pattern. We report an interesting case of pressure‐induced vasodilatation (PIV) caused by temporary vascular occlusion from jeans buttons.
Interim Responses of Benthic and Snag‐Dwelling Macroinvertebrates to Reestablished Flow and Habitat Structure in the Kissimmee River, Florida, U.S.A.
Authors: Koebel Joseph W. , Bousquin Stephen G. , Colee James 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA critical component in the effort to restore the Kissimmee River ecosystem is the reestablishment of an aquatic invertebrate community typical of free‐flowing rivers of the southeastern United States. This article evaluates early responses of benthic and snag‐dwelling macroinvertebrates to restoration of flow and habitat structure following Phase I construction (interim period) of the Kissimmee River Restoration Project. Replicate benthic and snag samples were collected from remnant river channels in Pool A (Control site), and Pool C, the site of the first phase of restoration (Impact site). Samples were collected quarterly for 2 years prior to construction (baseline) and monthly or quarterly for 3 years following Phase I construction and restoration of flow. Baseline benthic data indicate a community dominated by taxa tolerant of organic pollution and low levels of dissolved oxygen, including the dipterans Chaoborus americanus (Chaoboridae) and the Chironomus/Goeldichironomus group (Chironomidae). Baseline snag data indicate a community dominated by gathering‐collectors, shredders, and scrapers. Passive filtering‐collector invertebrates were rare. Following restoration of flow, benthic invertebrate communities are numerically dominated by lotic taxa, including bivalves and sand‐dwelling chironomids (e.g. Polypedilum spp., Cryptochironomus spp., and Tanytarsini). Snags within the Phase I area support an invertebrate community dominated by passive filtering‐collectors including Rheotanytarsus spp. (Chironomidae) and Cheumatopsyche spp. (Hydropsychidae). Results indicate that restoration of flow has resulted in ecologically significant changes to the river habitat template not observed in Pool A. Observed shifts in benthic and snag macroinvertebrate community structure support previously developed hypotheses for macroinvertebrate responses to hydrologic restoration.