bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemostatic glues in tonsillectomy: A systematic review
Authors: Sproat Rhona , Radford Peter , Hunt Alison 
Published: May 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe aim of this study was to compare use of hemostatic glues to conventional techniques of intraoperative hemostasis for tonsillectomy.Study DesignA systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis.MethodsAll published prospective controlled trials that compared hemostatic glues to conventional techniques of hemostasis were identified. We performed a meta‐analysis of articles comparing fibrin sealant to electrocautery, and of those comparing electrocautery to electrocautery plus fibrin hemostasis.ResultsSeven studies were identified that made qualifications for review, with a total of 748 patients. Outcome measures were postoperative hemorrhage recorded by investigators, and visual analogue scores of pain for day 1, day 3, and day 10 postoperatively. Use of fibrin sealant was not associated with a reduction in hemorrhage rates following tonsillectomy when compared to electrocautery (pooled relative risk [RR] 0.315; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.047‐2.093, 224 patients). No statistical difference in bleeding rate was seen between electrocautery hemostasis alone, compared to electrocautery with fibrin sealant (pooled RR 1.742; 95% CI: 0.433‐7.005, 108 patients). No statistically significant difference in pain was identified.ConclusionsPain and bleeding are significant causes of morbidity post‐tonsillectomy. We conclude that there is no significant evidence to support hemostatic glues over current techniques for reducing severity of these outcomes. Consequently, we do not recommended hemostatic glues for routine use in current clinical practice. Studies were generally of low quality and inadequately powered to detect a statistical difference, even when pooled. We advocate further research to facilitate future meta‐analysis.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:236–242, 2016
The use of ultrasound imaging in evaluation of peritonsillar infections
Authors: Nogan Stephen , Jandali Dan , Cipolla Michael , DeSilva Brad 
Published: May 2015

Objectives/HypothesisThe objectives of this study were to evaluate safety and patient tolerance of intraoral ultrasound and to evaluate efficacy of intraoral ultrasound in the diagnosis of peritonsillar infections.Study DesignProspective single‐cohort study involving adult patients (age >18 years) with evaluation consistent with possible peritonsillar abscess.MethodsTwenty‐four patients were evaluated in the emergency department for peritonsillar infection. Signs and symptoms were recorded including uvular deviation, trismus, and fluctuance. Intraoral ultrasound was performed, and presence or absence of abscess was recorded. Eight patients had a computed tomography (CT) scan. Needle aspiration was performed by the otolaryngology physician in appropriate patients. Presence of purulence confirmed peritonsillar abscess.ResultsIntraoral ultrasound was successfully performed on 87.5% (21/24) of patients. The probe could not access the peritonsillar space in 12.5% (3/24) of patients due to trismus. The positive predictive value of ultrasound in diagnosing abscess was 78.6% (11/14). The negative predictive value was 100% (7/7). The specificity was 70% (7/10), and the sensitivity was 100% (11/11). CT scan of the neck was obtained in 8/24 patients and found to be 100% sensitive and specific in diagnosing abscess.ConclusionsIntraoral ultrasound is a sensitive imaging modality at our institution, making it a strong initial imaging choice in patients with peritonsillar infections. Ultrasound can reliably rule out the presence of abscess and make CT of the neck unnecessary in most patients. Although ultrasound is generally well tolerated, diagnosis in patients with severe trismus can be made clinically or with CT scan. Intraoral ultrasound is a useful tool in diagnosing and treating peritonsillar infections when imaging is required.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 125:2604–2607, 2015
Inner ear deficits in irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma survivors
Authors: Chi Fan‐Hsiang , Young Yi‐Ho 
Published: May 2015

Objectives/HypothesisDespite the advancement of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, inner ear symptoms such as hearing loss, tinnitus, or vertigo/dizziness are still experienced in irradiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) survivors. This study utilized an inner ear test battery to assess the causes and sequence of inner ear deficits in irradiated NPC survivors with a mean interval of 10 years after radiotherapy.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsThirty‐six irradiated NPC survivors were enrolled. Otoscopy and an inner ear test battery comprising audiometry were performed, as well as ocular vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), cervical VEMP (cVEMP), and caloric tests.ResultsOtoscopic examination revealed middle ear complications in 37 ears (51%), including radiation‐induced otitis media in 32 ears and otitis media with effusion in five ears. Percentages of abnormal cVEMP test, oVEMP test, bone‐conducted mean hearing level, and caloric test were 91%, 75%, 67%, and 39%, respectively, exhibiting a significantly declining sequence in inner ear deficits. Most (67%) NPC survivors had inner ear deficit originated from peripheral vestibular lesion, mainly due to sequela of otitis media. In contrast, 33% of them had inner ear deficit caused by central vestibular disorder.ConclusionsA significant sequential decline in inner ear function of irradiated NPC survivors was observed from the saccule to the utricle, cochlea, and semicircular canals. Most of them were due to sequela of otitis media, followed by central vestibular disorder.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:2565–2571, 2015
Use of continuous positive airway pressure after rhinoplasty, septoplasty, and sinus surgery: A survey of current practice patterns
Authors: Cohen Justin C. , Larrabee Yuna C. , Weinstein Andrew L. , Stewart Michael G. 
Published: May 2015

ObjectiveTo explore current practice patterns in the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) following nasal or sinus surgery.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.MethodsAn electronic 24‐question survey was created to evaluate surgeon practice patterns for restarting CPAP after nasal surgery. We also explored factors contributing to their decisions (1–5 Likert scale) and complications believed to be directly related to restarting CPAP. Factors with a median rating score greater than 3 out of 5 were deemed “important.” Subgroup analyses were performed to assess the impact of practice setting and clinical experience.ResultsA total of 407 physicians completed the survey (27.4% response rate for those that opened the e‐mail). The majority of surgeons temporarily stop CPAP after nasal surgery, generally for 1 to 2 weeks, although the range of time is wide. There are also many surgeons who do not stop CPAP after any of these procedures and who reported that complications were fairly minimal. Severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) was deemed important for all procedures. There were additional patient and surgery‐specific factors considered important for each individual surgery. Subgroup analysis revealed significant differences in physician practice setting and clinical experience.ConclusionRegarding the use of CPAP after nasal surgery, considerable variation existed in the practice patterns of physicians. Severity of OSA was universally considered important, but the remaining factors were less consistent. A comparative study investigating the outcomes of various protocols is necessary.Level of EvidenceN/A. Laryngoscope, 125:2612–2616, 2015
Implications of intraglandular lymph node metastases in primary carcinomas of the parotid gland
Authors: Nisa Lluís , Salmina Cinzia , Dettmer Matthias Stephan , Arnold Andreas , Aebersold Daniel Matthias , Borner Urs , Giger Roland 
Published: May 2015

Objectives/HypothesisAssess the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of intraglandular lymph node (IGLN) metastases in primary parotid gland carcinomas (PGCs).Study DesignRetrospective study at a tertiary referral university hospital.MethodsWe reviewed the records of 95 patients with primary PGCs, treated at least surgically, between 1997 and 2010. We assessed the clinicopathological associations of IGLN metastases, their prognostic significance, and predictive value in the diagnosis of occult neck lymph node metastasesResultsTwenty‐four (25.26%) patients had IGLN metastases. This feature was significantly more prevalent in patients with advanced pT status (P = .01), pN status (P < .01), and overall stage (P < .001); high‐risk carcinomas (P = .01); as well as in patients with treatment failures (P < .01). IGLN involvement was significantly associated with decreased univariate disease‐free survival (P < .001). Positive and negative predictive values and accuracy for IGLN involvement in the detection of occult neck lymph node metastases were 63.64%, 90.48%, and 84.91%, respectively. The diagnostic values were generally higher in patients with low‐risk subtype of PGCs.ConclusionsIGLN involvement provides prognostic information and is associated with advanced tumoral stage and higher risk of recurrence. This feature could be used as a potential readout to determine whether a neck dissection in clinically negative neck lymph nodes is needed or not.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 125:2099–2106, 2015
Sleep and health implications of snoring: A populational analysis
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: May 2015

Objectives/HypothesisDetermine the prevalence of snoring and if snoring is associated with negative effects on sleep patterns and other health conditions.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis of large‐scale national risk‐factor survey.MethodsThe Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for the 2012 sleep health component was analyzed to determine the relationships between respondents' sleep patterns including average hours slept, days of insufficient sleep, falling asleep while driving, and the presence of snoring. The associations between snoring and coronary artery disease, stroke, and depressive disorder were also determined.ResultsAmong 8,137,604 weighted respondents (raw N = 22,745), 52.8% (95% confidence interval, 51.9%‐53.8%) reported that they snored. Males were more likely to report snoring than females (59.0% vs. 46.9%, respectively, P < .001) and increasing body mass index was associated with a higher prevalence of snoring (normal weight, 36% snoring vs. obese, 71%; P < .001). Snorers reported decreased sleep time, more lack of sleep days, and unintentional falling asleep days than nonsnorers (6.97 vs. 7.15 hours, 9.1 vs. 7.6 days, and 3.3 vs. 2.1 days, respectively; all P < .001). Snorers were more likely to have fallen asleep while driving than nonsnorers (odds ratio, 1.49; P < .001). Snorers also demonstrated increased odds ratios for coronary artery disease and depressive disorder (odds ratios 1.40 and 1.39; respectively, P < .001), but not for stroke (P = .421).ConclusionsSelf‐reported snoring is associated with significant negative sleep pattern behaviors as well as coronary artery disease and depressive disorders. Further study of snoring as a risk factor for poor sleep and other diseases is warranted.Level of Evidence2c Laryngoscope, 125:2413–2416, 2015
Isolating the hydrodynamic triggers of the dive response in eastern oyster larvae
Authors: Wheeler Jeanette D. , Helfrich Karl R. , Anderson Erik J. , Mullineaux Lauren S. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the behavior of larval invertebrates during planktonic and settlement phases remains an open and intriguing problem in larval ecology. Larvae modify their vertical swimming behavior in response to water column cues to feed, avoid predators, and search for settlement sites. The larval eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) can descend in the water column via active downward swimming, sinking, or “diving,” which is a flick and retraction of the ciliated velum to propel a transient downward acceleration. Diving may play an important role in active settlement, as diving larvae move rapidly downward in the water column and may regulate their proximity to suitable settlement sites. Alternatively, it may function as a predator‐avoidance escape mechanism. We examined potential hydrodynamic triggers to this behavior by observing larval oysters in a grid‐stirred turbulence tank. Larval swimming was recorded for two turbulence intensities and flow properties around each larva were measured using particle image velocimetry. The statistics of flow properties likely to be sensed by larvae (fluid acceleration, deformation, vorticity, and angular acceleration) were compared between diving and non‐diving larvae. Our analyses showed that diving larvae experienced high average flow accelerations in short time intervals (approximately 1–2 s) prior to dive onset, while accelerations experienced by non‐diving larvae were significantly lower. Further, the probability that larvae dove increased with the fluid acceleration they experienced. These results indicate that oyster larvae actively respond to hydrodynamic signals in the local flow field, which has ecological implications for settlement and predator avoidance.
Efficacy of different modes of fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of primary cutaneous amyloidosis: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Esmat Samia M. , Fawzi Marwa M. , Gawdat Heba I. , Ali Heba S. , Sayed Safinaz S. 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundPrimary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA) comprises three main forms: macular, lichen, and nodular amyloidosis. The current available treatments are quite disappointing.ObjectivesAssess and compare the clinical and histological changes induced by different modes of Fractional CO2 laser in treatment of PCA.Patients and MethodsTwenty five patients with PCA (16 macular and 9 lichen amyloidosis) were treated by fractional CO2 using; superficial ablation (area A) and deep rejuvenation (area B). Each patient received 4 sessions with 4 weeks intervals. Skin biopsies were obtained from all patients at baseline and one month after the last session. Patients were assessed clinically and histologically (Congo red staining, polarized light). Patients were followed‐up for 3 months after treatment.ResultsBoth modes yielded significant reduction of pigmentation, thickness, itching, and amyloid deposits (P‐value < 0.001). However, the percentage of reduction of pigmentation was significantly higher in area A (P‐value = 0.003). Pain was significantly higher in area B. Significant reduction in dermal amyloid deposits denotes their trans‐epidermal elimination induced by fractional photothermolysis.ConclusionBoth superficial and deep modes of fractional CO2 laser showed comparable efficacy in treatment of PCA. Superficial mode being better tolerated by patients, is recommended as a valid therapeutic option. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:388–395, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Rigid‐Rod Polyamides from 3,3′‐bis­(trifluoromethyl)‐4,4′‐diamino‐1,1′‐biphenyl
Authors: Kim Sun Dal , Byun Taejoon , Lee Byungyong , Kim Sang Youl , Chung Im Sik 
Published: May 2015

A diamine monomer with trifluoromethyl groups, 3,3′‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐4,4′‐diamino‐1,1′‐biphenyl, is synthesized from 5‐bromo‐2‐nitrobenzotrifluoride with two steps. The model reaction with monofunctional benzoyl chloride at room temperature gives the model compound with a quantitative yield. The results of the model reaction indicate that the amine groups have sufficient reactivity in spite of the presence of electron‐withdrawing and bulky trifluoromethyl group at the ortho position. The monomer is polymerized with terephthaloyl chloride and isophthaloyl chloride in N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) or DMAc containing LiCl using pyridine as an acid acceptor at room temperature. All synthesized polymers are somewhat crystalline and colorless. While the meta‐linked polyamide (PA2) shows excellent solubility in polar aprotic solvents, the para‐linked one (PA1) is dissolved in polar aprotic solvents containing LiCl and concentrated H2SO4. They show good thermal and thermooxidative stability as well as high melting temperatures.
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Facile Route for the Synthesis of Adamantane‐Containing Polypeptides through Polycondensation of Activated Urethane Derivative of α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Yamada Shuhei , Goto Mitsuaki , Endo Takeshi 
Published: May 2015

A facile route has been discovered for the synthesis of polypeptides containing adamantane moieties in the side chain, poly(Nδ‐adamantyl‐l‐glutamine) P1 and poly(Nγ‐adamantyl‐l‐asparagine) P2, through polycondensation of an N‐phenoxycarbonyl derivative of the corresponding Nδ‐adamantyl‐l‐glutamine 1 and Nγ‐adamantyl‐l‐asparagine 2, respectively, along with the elimination of phenol and CO2. The urethane derivatives are readily synthesized by the N‐carbamylation of tetrabutylammonium salts of α‐amino acids with diphenyl carbonate. Polycondensation of the urethane derivative proceeds smoothly upon heating to 60 °C in N,N‐dimethylacetamide using n‐butylamine (n‐BuNH2) as an initiator. Size exclusion chromatography, 1H NMR spectra, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of flight mass spectrometry analyses reveal that polycondensation of 1 with n‐BuNH2 yields a well‐defined polypeptide in terms of molecular weight and terminal structure. On the other hand, polycondensation of 2 affords poor molecular weight control and leads to the formation of oligopeptides. Furthermore, using amine‐terminated poly(ethylene‐glycol) in place of n‐BuNH2 yields a diblock copolymer composed of polyether and polypeptide segments bearing an adamantane moiety through polycondensation of the urethane derivative.
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Pathways Through Care for Long‐Term Pain After Knee Replacement: A Qualitative Study With Healthcare Professionals
Authors: MacKichan F. , Wylde V. , Gooberman‐Hill R. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundChronic pain after total knee replacement is experienced by around 20% of patients in the UK. Ensuring that services are designed to best meet the needs of patients requires a foundation of empirical work. The present study sought to describe healthcare professionals’ experiences and views on the assessment and care of patients with chronic pain after total knee replacement.MethodsWe undertook a qualitative focus group study with healthcare professionals at a large acute NHS hospital trust, all of whom came into contact with patients experiencing chronic pain after total knee replacement. Snowball sampling was used to recruit participants to four focus groups. Transcripts of the audio‐recorded groups were analysed thematically.ResultsEighteen healthcare professionals from a range of disciplines took part. Participants found it difficult to conceptualize chronic pain; its character varied between patients, and its origins and progress were often ambiguous. In the first of two superordinate themes, participants recognized chronic pain as a possible outcome of total knee replacement, but felt that patients may be unprepared for this. In the second superordinate theme, apparent complexities in assessing and managing patients with chronic pain after total knee replacement and a lack of explicit access points meant that healthcare professionals often saw no clear way to help patients. Participants agreed that a multidisciplinary approach that adapts to individual patient context was an ideal approach.ConclusionThe present study illustrated potential obstacles to ‘best practice’ in the management of chronic pain after total knee replacement, identified through research with healthcare professionals. There is a need to improve access to services and develop well‐defined and flexible care pathways that can accommodate complexities inherent to chronic pain, such as an unpredictable course. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimization of composite structures under multiple load cases using a discrete approach based on lamination parameters
Authors: de Faria Alfredo R. 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis paper presents a new optimization technique applicable to optimization of composite structures subjected to multiple objectives. The composite structures may be composed of an arbitrary number of laminates. The technique is especially suited for the case where the layers of the laminates may assume a discrete number of orientations. However, given the efficiency of the technique, it is readily extendable to situations where the ply orientations vary quasi‐continuously, for instance, by one degree in one degree. The high efficiency is obtained through application of lamination parameters, which, in the case of symmetric laminates, consist of only 10 parameters per laminate. Three traditional structures, a rectangular composite plate, a cantilever composite beam, and a stiffened composite panel, are optimized against buckling when subjected to multiple load cases. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of Arylamine Tribenzopentaphenes and Investigation of their Hole Mobility
Authors: Alameddine Bassam , Rice Andrew H. , Luscombe Christine , Jenny Titus A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe report the versatile synthesis of two tribenzo[fj,ij,rst]pentaphene (TBP) derivatives bearing two diarylamine substituents attached at the opposite ends of the aromatic core. Field effect transistor (FET) devices of the bis‐diarylamine‐TBP compounds were fabricated using spin coating under different concentrations, spin speed, and solvent conditions. Emission spectra and surface investigation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveal the formation of aggregates induced by the strong π–π stacking of the aromatic core leading to island features, and thus, unexpected low hole mobilities. The synthetic strategy we show herein, however, offers the possibility to decorate the TBP core structure with various charge‐carrier peripheral groups and optimized alkyl chains, which should improve the crystalline property of their thin films upon deposition, leading consequently to a better hole transport mobility.
Reflections on Migration, Community, and Place
Authors: Phillips Deborah , Robinson David 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThis paper explores different conceptualisations of migration, community, and place as an introduction to a themed issue of this journal concerned with the contextualisation of migrants' experiences across a range of nested scales. The purpose of this collection of papers is to draw out the spatial variability, contradictions, and ambiguities in migrant experiences and to explore conceptual frameworks for understanding the connections between migration, community, and place. The papers focus on local places of social encounter, particularly at the neighbourhood and city scale, but they also draw attention to the value of comparative research to tease out structural differences in opportunities, social context, and policy that underpin commonalities and differences in experience between localities. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Severe respiratory failure associated with influenza B virus infection
Authors: Kato Shinpei , Fujisawa Tomoyuki , Enomoto Noriyuki , Inui Naoki , Nakamura Yutaro , Suda Takafumi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA 72‐year‐old man who had been diagnosed with type B influenza infection and high fever 4 days previously was admitted to our hospital. He presented with severe respiratory insufficiency; chest computed tomography (CT) revealed extensive ground‐glass opacity in lung fields on both sides. Although peramivir and antibiotics were administered, reticular shadows on chest CT worsened and respiratory insufficiency deteriorated. The patient fulfilled the criteria for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Despite multimodal therapy, including noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, polymyxin B‐immobilized fiber column hemoperfusion, and methylprednisolone infusion, his general condition gradually deteriorated. He died of respiratory failure on day 129. Pathology findings of the lungs during autopsy showed diffuse alveolar damage. To our knowledge, this is the first report of severe respiratory failure after type B influenza infection. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for fatal respiratory failure in cases of type B as well as type A influenza infections.