bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial Diversity in Engineered Haloalkaline Environments Shaped by Shared Geochemical Drivers Observed in Natural Analogues
Authors: Santini Talitha C. , Warren Lesley A. , Kendra Kathryn E. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Microbial communities in engineered terrestrial haloalkaline environments have been poorly characterized relative to their natural counterparts and are geologically recent in formation, offering opportunities to explore microbial diversity and assembly in dynamic, geochemically comparable contexts. In this study, the microbial community structure and geochemical characteristics of three geographically dispersed bauxite residue environments along a remediation gradient were assessed and subsequently compared with other engineered and natural haloalkaline systems. In bauxite residues, bacterial communities were similar at the phylum level (dominated by
Proteobacteria
and
Firmicutes
) to those found in soda lakes, oil sands tailings, and nuclear wastes; however, they differed at lower taxonomic levels, with only 23% of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) shared with other haloalkaline environments. Although being less diverse than natural analogues, bauxite residue harbored substantial novel bacterial taxa, with 90% of OTUs nonmatchable to cultured representative sequences. Fungal communities were dominated by
Ascomycota
and
Basidiomycota
, consistent with previous studies of hypersaline environments, and also harbored substantial novel (73% of OTUs) taxa. In bauxite residues, community structure was clearly linked to geochemical and physical environmental parameters, with 84% of variation in bacterial and 73% of variation in fungal community structures explained by environmental parameters. The major driver of bacterial community structure (salinity) was consistent across natural and engineered environments; however, drivers differed for fungal community structure between natural (pH) and engineered (total alkalinity) environments. This study demonstrates that both engineered and natural terrestrial haloalkaline environments host substantial repositories of microbial diversity, which are strongly shaped by geochemical drivers.
Does smoking reduction worsen mental health? A comparison of two observational approaches
Authors: Taylor Gemma , Taylor Amy , Munafò Marcus R , McNeill Ann , Aveyard Paul 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesThe association between smoking reduction and mental health is of particular interest given that many smokers report that smoking offers mental health benefits. We aimed to assess the association between smoking reduction and change in mental health using two different analytical approaches to determine if there was any evidence of an association. There were no prior hypotheses.DesignA secondary analysis of prospective individual level patient data from 5 merged placebo-controlled randomised trials of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking reduction.ParticipantsAll participants were adult smokers, selected because they wanted to reduce but not stop smoking, and had smoked for at least 3 years. Participants were excluded if they were pregnant, breastfeeding, under psychiatric care, deemed to be unfit by a general practitioner, or part of a cessation programme. 2066 participants were enrolled in the trials, 177 participants were biologically validated as prolonged reducers, and 509 as continuing smokers at both 6-week and 18-week follow-ups.Primary outcomeChange in mental health from baseline to an 18-week follow-up was measured using the emotional well-being subscale on the Short Form Health Survey-36.ResultsAfter adjustment for confounding variables, the differences for reducers compared with continuing smokers were: regression modelling −0.6 (95% CI −4.4 to 3.2) and propensity score matching 1.1 (95% CI −2.0 to 4.1).ConclusionsSmoking reduction, sustained for at least 12 weeks, was not associated with change in mental health, suggesting that reducing smoking was no better or worse for mental health than continuing smoking. Clinicians offering smoking reduction as a route to quit can be confident that, on average, smoking reduction is not associated with negative change in mental health.
Human gammaherpesviruses viraemia in HIV infected patients
Authors: Ferraz da Silva Ana Paula , Giron Leila Bertoni , Ramos da Silva Suzane , Naime Barbosa Alexandre , Almeida Ricardo Augusto Monteiro de Barros , Elgui de Oliveira Deilson 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundThe Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) are consistently associated with lymphoproliferative diseases and cancers in humans, notably in patients with HIV.AimsOur aim was to evaluate whether EBV and/or KSHV viral loads regularly assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) correlate with clinical or laboratorial parameters retrieved for patients living with HIV.MethodsThis was a longitudinal study with a cohort of 157 HIV positive patients attending an academic HIV outpatient clinic in São Paulo State, Brazil. For each patient, up to four blood samples were collected over a 1 year clinical follow-up: on enrolment into the study, and after 4, 8 and 12 months. Total DNA was extracted from PBMC, and EBV and KSHV viral loads were assessed by real time quantitative PCR.ResultsHigher viral loads for EBV were significantly associated with high HIV viraemia, a greater number of circulating T CD8+ cells and lack of virological response to the antiretroviral treatment. KSHV viral load was undetectable in virtually all samples.ConclusionsEBV viral load in PBMC correlated with the number of circulating T CD8+ lymphocytes and the response to the antiretroviral therapy in HIV infected patients. In contrast, KSHV was undetectable in PBMC, presumably an effect of the antiretroviral treatment. Therefore, either KSHV infection in the population studied was absent or viral load in PBMC was beyond the analytical limit of the assay.
Association of PIK3CA Mutation Status before and after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with Response to Chemotherapy in Women with Breast Cancer
Authors: Yuan Hua , Chen Jiuan , Liu Yiqiang , Ouyang Tao , Li Jinfeng , Wang Tianfeng , Fan Zhaoqing , Fan Tie , Lin Benyao , Xie Yuntao 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Purpose: The association between PIK3CA mutations and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in women with primary breast cancer is not fully elucidated.
Experimental Design: PIK3CA mutations in breast cancer tissues that were taken prior to the initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy were identified in 729 operable primary breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Among these, the PIK3CA mutations were also reassessed in tumor tissues procured following operation in 102 patients after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Results: A total of 206 out of 729 (28.3%) patients had PIK3CA mutations, and 19.5% of patients (142/729) in this cohort achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients with PIK3CA mutations exhibited a lower pCR rate than did those with wild-type (14.6% vs. 21.4%, P = 0.035). No significant differences in disease-free survival (DFS) or distant disease-free survival (DDFS) were observed between PIK3CA mutant and wild-type in the entire study population. Among the 102 patients with PIK3CA mutation statuses available before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 24 patients (23.5%) had PIK3CA mutations before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Of these 24 patients, 15 patients retained their initial PIK3CA mutations and 9 patients lost their initial mutations after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients who retained the initial mutations after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n = 15) had a worse DDFS than the remaining patients (n = 87) in this subgroup [unadjusted HR, 2.34; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.98–5.62; P = 0.050].
Conclusions: Patients with PIK3CA mutations are less likely to respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients who retain their initial PIK3CA mutations after neoadjuvant chemotherapy have an unfavorable survival. Clin Cancer Res; 21(19); 4365–72. ©2015 AACR.
Narracje litotyczne w wielkiej narracji teatru antropologicznego na przykładzie pracy Teatru Węgajty/Projektu Terenowego w Domu Pomocy Społecznej w Jonkowie
Authors: Paprocka Kamila 
Published: May 2015

Litotes situated in the grand narration of the anthropological theatre: a case study of Teatr Węgajty/Projekt TerenowyThis article is an excerpt of the author's MA thesis: Litotes in the anthropological theatre’s grand narrative. The case of Teatr Węgajty/ Projekt Terenowy. It analyses the attitude of the anthropological theatre towards principles that constituted its foundation, such as the fascination with the traditional culture and work in the local community. The anthropological theatre’s grand narrative is replaced by the small narrative of teatr potrzebny (‘theatre of necessity’), which originates from the excluded, forgotten litotes. The paper provides documentation and an analysis of teatr potrzebny, taking the example of the work of Teatr Węgajty/Projekt Terenowy in a Social Welfare Home in Jonkowo. Narracje litotyczne w wielkiej narracji teatru antropologicznego na przykładzie pracy Teatru Węgajty/Projektu Terenowego w Domu Pomocy Społecznej w JonkowieArtykuł stanowi fragment mojej pracy magisterskiej Narracje litotyczne w wielkiej narracji teatru antropologicznego na przykładzie pracy Teatru Węgajty/Projektu Terenowego. Analizuję w nim możliwości teatru antropologicznego poprzez pokazanie elementów, które legły u jego podstaw: fascynacji kulturą tradycyjną oraz pracy w lokalnej wspólnocie. „Wielka narracja” teatru antropologicznego zastąpiona zostaje „małą narracją” „teatru potrzebnego”, wywodzącą się z wykluczonych, zapomnianych litot. Artykuł dokumentuje i analizuje tzw. teatr potrzebny na przykładzie działań Teatru Węgajty/ Projektu Terenowego w Domu Pomocy Społecznej w Jonkowie.
Kilka uwag o trwałości legendy o krwi. Na marginesie „Kłamstwa krwi” Jolanty Żyndul
Authors: Tokarska-Bakir Joanna 
Published: May 2015

A few remarks on the persistence of the legend of bloodThe article is an extended review of Jolanta Żyndul’s Kłamstwo krwi (‘The Lies of Blood’). Żyndul unearths numerous cases of accusing Jews of ritual murders, which happened in the 19th and the 20th century, and were then forgotten by the Poles. Żyndul puts the libel of the legend of blood inside a wider context of social, religious and political relations in the recent history. She revises the historical narration, which produced the oblivion by undermining the significance of those events. Kilka uwag o trwałości legendy o krwi. Na marginesie „Kłamstwa krwi” Jolanty ŻyndulTekst jest rozszerzoną recenzją monografii historycznej dotyczącej legend o krwi ery nowoczesnej pióra Jolanty Żyndul. Historyczka odkrywa niezwykle liczne dziewiętnasto- i dwudziestowieczne przypadki obwinień Żydów o mord rytualny, zupełnie wyparte z pamięci historycznej Polaków. Sytuuje oszczerstwo krwi w sieci powiązań społecznych, religijnych i politycznych historii najnowszej, poddając rewizji narrację historyczną, która, podważając znaczenie tych niezrozumiałych „epizodów”, wyprodukowała zapomnienie.
„Komuniści (nie) mają ojczyzny...” Wanda Wasilewska jako polska (anty)bohaterka narodowa
Authors: Mrozik Agnieszka 
Published: May 2015

Communists have no homeland: a portrait of Wanda Wasilewska The paper offers an analysis of a number of biographies of Wanda Wasilewska, written in different historical periods. An attempt was made to reconstruct the mechanisms that governed the functioning of Wanda Wasilewska’s communist figure in the Polish political discourse; explain how she was perceived by the society, and how it altered in the course of the Polish cultural and historical transformations. A biography of an individual gains coherence as a result of the community’s search for its identity: it serves as a building block for a coherent biography of the entire community. The writing and rewriting of the biography of Wasilewska has long been a kind of “production of communism” in Poland, and communism has been one of the most important aspects of Polish identity in the recent decades. „Komuniści (nie) mają ojczyzny...” Wanda Wasilewska jako polska (anty)bohaterka narodowaAutorka analizuje powstające w rożnych okresach historycznych biografie Wandy Wasilewskiej. Usiłuje odtworzyć mechanizmy konstruowania figury komunistki w polskim dyskursie publicznym, zbadać, jak funkcjonowała ona w społecznym odbiorze, a także ustalić, jak zmieniało się jej znaczenie w procesie przemian historycznych i kulturowych. Autorka pokazuje, że tworzenie spójnej biografii jednostki – szczególnie jednostki ważnej w historii danej zbiorowości – dokonuje się w odpowiedzi na tożsamościowe poszukiwania wspólnoty: służy wytworzeniu zbiorowej biografii jako koherentnej całości. Zwraca uwagę, że pisanie biografii Wasilewskiej jako komunistki było i wciąż jest swoistym „wytwarzaniem komunizmu” w Polsce. Komunizm zaś w szerokim planie jest ważnym – jeśli nie najważniejszym w ostatnich dziesięcioleciach – komponentem polskiej zbiorowej tożsamości.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes in morbidly adherent placenta: a developing country experience
Authors: Singh Renu , Pradeep Yashodhara 
Published: May 2015

Background Morbid adherent placenta, a severe pregnancy complication, is associated with massive obstetrical haemorrhage and high maternal mortality. Antenatal diagnosis and meticulous multidisciplinary planning at delivery is crucial for optimal outcome. We aim to identify the maternal and neonatal outcome in women with morbid adherent placenta. Method It was a retrospective evaluation of cases of clinically suspected and/or histologically confirmed morbid adherent placenta over a 1-year period. Results The incidence of morbid adherent placenta was 1 per 306 deliveries. Previous Caesarean section with placenta praevia was the commonest risk factor. Among all, 71.4% had no antenatal care. Of all, 38.9% women needed transfer to critical care. There were five (23.8%) maternal deaths. Of the 21 neonates, four were stillborn, nine needed NICU transfer and eight had an Apgar score of 9 at 5 min of birth. Conclusion Morbid adherent placenta is associated with poor maternal and neonatal outcome.
Concurrent biliary drainage and portal vein embolization in preparation for extended hepatectomy in patients with biliary cancer
Authors: Nilsson Jan , Eriksson Sam , Nørgaard Larsen Peter , Keussen Inger , Christiansen Frevert Susanne , Lindell Gert , Sturesson Christian 
Published: May 2015

Background Patients with perihilar cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer extending into the hilum often present with jaundice and a small future liver remnant (FLR). If resectable, preoperative biliary drainage and portal vein embolization (PVE) are indicated. Classically, these measures have been performed sequentially, separated by 4–6 weeks. Purpose To report on a new regime where percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and PVE are performed simultaneously, shortening the preoperative process. Material and Methods Six patients were treated with concurrent PTBD and PVE under general anesthesia. Results Surgical exploration followed the combined procedure after 35 days (range, 28–51 days). The FLR ratio increased from 22% to 32%. Three patients developed cholangitis after the procedure. Conclusion The combined approach of PTBD and PVE seems feasible, but more studies on morbidity are warranted.
The Information and Motivation and Behavioral Skills Model of ART Adherence among HIV-Positive Adults in Mexico
Authors: Santillán Torres Torija Carolina , Villagrán Vázquez Gabina , Robles Montijo Silvia Susana , Eguiluz Romo Luz de Lourdes 
Published: May 2015

Introduction: Middle-income countries are in need of research that uses theoretical-based models to assess factors that predict adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and help in the design, implementation, and evaluation of interventions for nonadherent populations. In Mexico, the Information and Motivation and Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model of ART Adherence constructs is useful in describing and predicting adherence behaviors in various samples but has not been articulated to people living with HIV (PLWH) on ART. The aim of this was to characterize the IMB core constructs and identify correlates of ART adherence in an HIV-positive clinic sample in Mexico. Methods: A convenience sample of 109 HIV-positive patients attending their monthly visits at a local public hospital were interviewed with the Spanish version of the LifeWindows IMB ART Adherence Questionnaire (LW-IMB-AAQ) as well as a sociodemographic questionnaire. All participants were recruited from a hospital-based outpatient clinical care site. Results: Partial confirmation of the relationships proposed by the IMB Model of ART Adherence was found. As predicted by the model, only behavioral skills had direct association with all measures of self-reported adherence, and motivation was associated with behavioral skills. Information did not demonstrate significant relations to either motivation or behavioral skills, nor did it directly associate with adherence. Self-reported adherence did not associate with CD4 counts, nor did any of the IMB model core constructs. Conclusion: Applicability of the IMB Model of ART Adherence in this setting is discussed. The IMB Model of ART Adherence offered promise in this population and could help tailor population-specific interventions to promote high rates of ART adherence.
Mechanisms of PD-L1/PD-1–mediated CD8 T-cell dysfunction in the context of aging-related immune defects in the Eµ-TCL1 CLL mouse model
Authors: McClanahan Fabienne , Riches John C. , Miller Shaun , Day William P. , Kotsiou Eleni , Neuberg Donna , Croce Carlo M. , Capasso Melania , Gribben John G. 
Published: May 2015

Key PointsPD-L1/PD-1–mediated CD8 T-cell dysfunction develops with CLL in different organs, and similarities to aging-related immune defects exist. PD-1+ normal T cells have markedly different effector functions than PD-1+ CLL T cells.
The synaptic recruitment of lipid rafts is dependent on CD19-PI3K module and cytoskeleton remodeling molecules
Authors: Xu Liling , Auzins Arturs , Sun Xiaolin , Xu Yinsheng , Harnischfeger Fiona , Lu Yun , Li Zhanguo , Chen Ying-Hua , Zheng Wenjie , Liu Wanli 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Sphingolipid- and cholesterol-rich lipid raft microdomains are important in the initiation of BCR signaling. Although it is known that lipid rafts promote the coclustering of BCR and Lyn kinase microclusters within the B cell IS, the molecular mechanism of the recruitment of lipid rafts into the B cell IS is not understood completely. Here, we report that the synaptic recruitment of lipid rafts is dependent on the cytoskeleton-remodeling proteins, RhoA and Vav. Such an event is also efficiently regulated by motor proteins, myosin IIA and dynein. Further evidence suggests the synaptic recruitment of lipid rafts is, by principle, an event triggered by BCR signaling molecules and second messenger molecules. BCR-activating coreceptor CD19 potently enhances such an event depending on its cytoplasmic Tyr421 and Tyr482 residues. The enhancing function of the CD19-PI3K module in synaptic recruitment of lipid rafts is also confirmed in human peripheral blood B cells. Thus, these results improve our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the recruitment of lipid raft microdomains in B cell IS.
Role of the endothelial surface layer in neutrophil recruitment
Authors: Marki Alex , Esko Jeffrey D , Pries Axel R , Ley Klaus 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Neutrophil recruitment in most tissues is limited to postcapillary venules, where E- and P-selectins are inducibly expressed by venular endothelial cells. These molecules support neutrophil rolling via binding of PSGL-1 and other ligands on neutrophils. Selectins extend ≤38 nm above the endothelial plasma membrane, and PSGL-1 extends to 50 nm above the neutrophil plasma membrane. However, endothelial cells are covered with an ESL composed of glycosaminoglycans that is ≥500 nm thick and has measurable resistance against compression. The neutrophil surface is also covered with a surface layer. These surface layers would be expected to completely shield adhesion molecules; thus, neutrophils should not be able to roll and adhere. However, in the cremaster muscle and in many other models investigated using intravital microscopy, neutrophils clearly roll, and their rolling is easily and quickly induced. This conundrum was thought to be resolved by the observation that the induction of selectins is accompanied by ESL shedding; however, ESL shedding only partially reduces the ESL thickness (to 200 nm) and thus is insufficient to expose adhesion molecules. In addition to its antiadhesive functions, the ESL also presents neutrophil arrest-inducing chemokines. ESL heparan sulfate can also bind L-selectin expressed by the neutrophils, which contributes to rolling and arrest. We conclude that ESL has both proadhesive and antiadhesive functions. However, most previous studies considered either only the proadhesive or only the antiadhesive effects of the ESL. An integrated model for the role of the ESL in neutrophil rolling, arrest, and transmigration is needed.
Superantigens produced by catheter-associated Staphylococcus aureus elicit systemic inflammatory disease in the absence of bacteremia
Authors: Chung Jin-Won , Greenwood-Quaintance Kerryl E , Karau Melissa J , Tilahun Ashenafi , Khaleghi Shahryar Rostamkolaei , Chowdhary Vaidehi R , David Chella S , Patel Robin , Rajagopalan Govindarajan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
SAgs, produced by Staphylococcus aureus, play a major role in the pathogenesis of invasive staphylococcal diseases by inducing potent activation of the immune system. However, the role of SAgs, produced by S. aureus, associated with indwelling devices or tissues, are not known. Given the prevalence of device-associated infection with toxigenic S. aureus in clinical settings and the potency of SAgs, we hypothesized that continuous exposure to SAgs produced by catheter-associated S. aureus could have systemic consequences. To investigate these effects, we established a murine in vivo catheter colonization model. One centimeter long intravenous catheters were colonized with a clinical S. aureus isolate producing SAgs or isogenic S. aureus strains, capable or incapable of producing SAg. Catheters were subcutaneously implanted in age-matched HLA-DR3, B6, and AEo mice lacking MHC class II molecules and euthanized 7 d later. There was no evidence of systemic infection. However, in HLA-DR3 transgenic mice, which respond robustly to SSAgs, the SSAg-producing, but not the nonproducing strains, caused a transient increase in serum cytokine levels and a protracted expansion of splenic CD4+ T cells expressing SSAg-reactive TCR Vβ8. Lungs, livers, and kidneys from these mice showed infiltration with CD4+ and CD11b+ cells. These findings were absent in B6 and AEo mice, which are known to respond poorly to SSAgs. Overall, our novel findings suggest that systemic immune activation elicited by SAgs, produced by S. aureus colonizing foreign bodies, could have clinical consequences in humans.