bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Nonlinear Contact Force Model for Revolute Joint with Clearance
Authors: Bai Z. F. , Zhao Y. , Wang X. G. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTClearances in the joints of mechanism cause vibrations and noise in mechanical systems. The contact force model is the important factor in dynamic analysis of mechanical systems with clearance. This paper presents a nonlinear contact force model for revolute joint with clearance, which is a hybrid model of the Lankarani-Nikravesh model and the improved elastic foundation model. The framework of the Lankarani-Nikravesh model is used with the nonlinear stiffness coefficient derived using the improved elastic foundation model and the damping applied in introducing the ratio of the nonlinear stiffness coefficient of the improved elastic foundation model and contact stiffness of Lankarani-Nikravesh model. Finally, the nonlinear hybrid contact force model is analyzed and discussed. The hybrid contact force model presented in this paper is a nonlinear continuous contact force model, which extends contact modeling of joints with clearance and has a greater applicable scope.
Persistent delusional theme over 13 episodes of psychotic depression
Authors: Østergaard Søren Dinesen , Leadholm Anne Katrine K. , Rothschild Anthony J. 
Published: August 2013

ObjectiveUnipolar psychotic depression (PD) is a highly debilitating condition, which needs intense monitoring and treatment. Among patients with recurrent PD, delusions tend to be very similar or identical over several separate episodes during the course of illness, but case reports illustrating this clinical phenomenon in detail are lacking from the literature.MethodsCase report describing the 45-year-old Ms. J, who has experienced multiple episodes of PD. The report is based on a review of her medical file.ResultsThe delusional theme of Ms. J's initial episode of PD reappeared at several subsequent episodes. During the majority of admissions, Ms. J was treated with electroconvulsive therapy, which resulted in significant improvement in the depressive, psychotic and catatonic features.ConclusionMs. J's case illustrates that PD can be a stable phenotype over many episodes and that it is important to recognise psychotic symptoms in order to prescribe the best possible treatment.
Network maps of the human brain's rich club
Authors: SPORNS OLAF , VAN DEN HEUVEL MARTIJN P. 
Published: August 2013

Does the human brain have a central connective core, and, if so, how costly is it?Noninvasive imaging data allow the construction of network maps of the human brain, recording its structural and functional connectivity. A number of studies have reported on various characteristic network attributes, such as a tendency toward local clustering, high global efficiency, the prevalence of specific network motifs, and a pronounced community structure with several anatomically and functionally defined modules and interconnecting hub regions (Bullmore & Sporns, 2009; van den Heuvel & Hulshoff Pol, 2010; Sporns, 2011). Hubs are of particular interest in studies of the brain since they may play crucial roles in integrative processes and global brain communication, thought to be essential for many aspects of higher brain function. Indeed, hubs have been shown to correspond to brain regions that exhibit complex physiological responses and maintain widespread and diverse connection profiles with other parts of the brain. We asked if, in addition to being highly connected, brain hubs would also exhibit a strong tendency to be mutually interconnected, forming what has been called a “rich club” (Colizza et al., 2006). Rich club organization is present in a network if sets of high-degree nodes exhibit denser mutual connections than predicted on the basis of the degree sequence alone. We investigated rich club organization in the human brain in datasets that recorded weighted projections among different anatomical regions of the cerebral cortex, recorded from several cohorts of healthy human volunteers (van den Heuvel & Sporns, 2011; van den Heuvel et al., 2012).
THE ROBIN PROBLEM FOR THE HÉNON EQUATION
Authors: HE HAIYANG 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the following Robin problem:$$\begin{eqnarray*}\displaystyle \left\{ \begin{array}{ @{}ll@{}} \displaystyle - \Delta u= \mid x{\mathop{\mid }\nolimits }^{\alpha } {u}^{p} , \quad & \displaystyle x\in \Omega , \\ \displaystyle u\gt 0, \quad & \displaystyle x\in \Omega , \\ \displaystyle \displaystyle \frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu } + \beta u= 0, \quad & \displaystyle x\in \partial \Omega , \end{array} \right.&&\displaystyle\end{eqnarray*}$$where$\Omega $is the unit ball in${ \mathbb{R} }^{N} $centred at the origin, with$N\geq 3$,$p\gt 1$,$\alpha \gt 0$,$\beta \gt 0$, and$\nu $is the unit outward vector normal to$\partial \Omega $. We prove that the above problem has no solution when$\beta $is small enough. We also obtain existence results and we analyse the symmetry breaking of the ground state solutions.
ON SOLUTIONS TO SOME POLYNOMIAL CONGRUENCES IN SMALL BOXES
Authors: SHPARLINSKI IGOR E. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe use bounds of mixed character sum to study the distribution of solutions to certain polynomial systems of congruences modulo a prime $p$. In particular, we obtain nontrivial results about the number of solutions in boxes with the side length below ${p}^{1/ 2} $, which seems to be the limit of more general methods based on the bounds of exponential sums along varieties.
COMBINING MULTI-DIMENSIONAL SCALING AND CLUSTER ANALYSIS TO DESCRIBE THE DIVERSITY OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS
Authors: PACINI G. C. , COLUCCI D. , BAUDRON F. , RIGHI E. , CORBEELS M. , TITTONELL P. , STEFANINI F. M. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYCapturing agricultural heterogeneity through the analysis of farm typologies is key with regard to the design of sustainable policies and to the adoptability of new technologies. An optimal balance needs to be found between, on the one hand, the requirement to consider local stakeholder and expert knowledge for typology identification, and on the other hand, the need to identify typologies that transcend the local boundaries of single studies and can be used for comparisons. In this paper, we propose a method that supports expert-driven identification of farm typologies, while at the same time keeping the characteristics of objectivity and reproducibility of statistical tools. The method uses a range of multivariate analysis techniques and it is based on a protocol that favours the use of stakeholder and expert knowledge in the process of typology identification by means of visualization of farm groups and relevant statistics. Results of two studies in Zimbabwe and Kenya are shown. Findings obtained with the method proposed are contrasted with those obtained through a parametric method based on latent class analysis. The method is compared to alternative approaches with regard to stakeholder-orientation and statistical reliability.
A rare association of leiomyosarcoma with squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: two cases
Authors: Kara E , Cetik M F , Tuncer U , Uguz A 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjective:To discuss the histopathogenesis and treatment choices for synchronous tumours of the larynx.Case reports:We present two cases of synchronous laryngeal leiomyosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The first case was an early-stage tumour and the second an advanced-stage tumour of the larynx. Selection of adequate treatment for synchronous tumours is difficult because of different spreading rates and metastatic patterns. Treatment choices for both the primary tumour site and the neck should be related to the stage of the squamous component of the tumour.Conclusion:In such cases, the tumour location, tumour stage and lymphatic metastases must be carefully evaluated in order to make the optimum treatment choice. Treatment evaluation of the neck should be related to the stage of the squamous component of these synchronous tumours. Partial laryngectomy techniques may be preferred if the extent of the disease permits.
Laryngotracheal reconstruction for relapsing polychondritis: case report and review of the literature
Authors: Xie C , Shah N , Shah P L , Sandhu G 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackground:Relapsing polychondritis is a multi-system autoimmune disease characterised by the inflammation and destruction of cartilaginous structures. The most common sites are the pinna, nose, laryngotracheobronchial tree and peripheral joints. Airway involvement occurs in up to half of patients affected, at any disease stage. It is the most severe and life-threatening aspect of the disease, and proves to be a therapeutic challenge.Objectives:This article reports our experience of performing laryngotracheal reconstruction in a patient with relapsing polychondritis. A review of the literature is presented, with a focused discussion of airway treatment options.Methods:Laryngotracheal reconstruction for relapsing polychondritis was performed using hyoid bone pedicled on sternohyoid muscle.Conclusion:Airway management in relapsing polychondritis can improve quality of life and palliate patients effectively.
Variation in prevalence and intensity of two avian ectoparasites in a polluted area
Authors: EEVA TAPIO , KLEMOLA TERO 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYWe counted the numbers of pupae of two ectoparasitic flies (Protocalliphorasp. andOrnithomyiasp.) in the nests of a passerine bird, the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) to find out if their prevalence or intensity are affected by long-term environmental pollution by a copper smelter and whether such an interaction would have impacts on birds' breeding success. Fecal metal concentrations ofF. hypoleucanestlings were used to explore direct association between metal levels and parasite prevalence, but we also included other explanatory factors in our analysis, such as timing of breeding, brood size, ambient temperature, habitat quality and host population density. We found that environmental pollution decreased the prevalence ofProtocalliphoravia changed habitat quality but did not affect the prevalence ofOrnithomyia. The prevalence of neither ectoparasite was, however, directly related to ambient metal levels. Both ectoparasites showed higher prevalence when ambient temperature during the nestling period was high, emphasizing the potential of climate change to modify host–parasite relationships. The prevalence ofOrnithomyiawas further highest in denseF. hypoleucapopulations and late broods. Nestling survival decreased with increasing infestation intensity ofOrnithomyiawhile no association was found forProtocalliphora. Despite relatively low numbers and overall weak effect of parasites on survival, the possible delayed and/or sublethal effects of these ectoparasites call for further studies. Our results suggest that pollution-related effects on avian ectoparasite numbers are species-specific and reflect habitat changes rather than direct toxic effect of heavy metals.
Identification of a novel chitin-binding spore wall protein (NbSWP12) with a BAR-2 domain fromNosema bombycis(microsporidia)
Authors: CHEN JIE , GENG LINA , LONG MENGXIAN , LI TIAN , LI ZHI , YANG DONGLIN , MA CHAO , WU HAIJING , MA ZHENGANG , LI CHUNFENG , PAN GUOQING , ZHOU ZEYANG 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYThe spore wall ofNosema bombycisplays an important role in microsporidian pathogenesis. Protein fractions from germinated spore coats were analysed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. Three protein spots were identified as the hypothetical spore wall protein NbHSWP12. A BAR-2 domain (e-value: 1.35e-03) was identified in the protein, and an N-terminal protein-heparin interaction motif, a potential N-glycosylation site, and 16 phosphorylation sites primarily activated by protein kinase C were also predicted. The sequence analysis suggested thatNbhswp12and its homologous genes are widely distributed among microsporidia. Additionally,Nbhswp12gene homologues share similar sequence features. An indirect immunofluorescence analysis showed that NbHSWP12 localized to the spore wall, and thus we renamed it spore wall protein 12 (NbSWP12). Moreover, NbSWP12 could adhere to deproteinizedN. bombycischitin coats that were obtained by hot alkaline treatment. This novelN. bombycisspore wall protein may function in a structural capacity to facilitate microsporidial spore maintenance.
The finch epidemic strain of Trichomonas gallinae is predominant in British non-passerines
Authors: CHI JEAN F. , LAWSON BECKI , DURRANT CHRIS , BECKMANN KATIE , JOHN SHINTO , ALREFAEI ABDULWAHED F. , KIRKBRIDE KIM , BELL DIANA J. , CUNNINGHAM ANDREW A. , TYLER KEVIN M. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYAvian trichomonosis, caused by the flagellated protozoan Trichomonas gallinae, is a recently emerged infectious disease of British passerines. The aetiological agent, a clonal epidemic strain of the parasite, has caused unprecedented finch mortality and population-level declines in Britain and has since spread to continental Europe. To better understand the potential origin of this epidemic and to further investigate its host range, T. gallinae DNA extracts were collected from parasite culture and tissue samples from a range of avian species in Britain. Sequence typing at the ITS1/5.8S rRNA/ITS2 region resolved three distinct ITS region types circulating in free-ranging British birds. Subtyping by sequence analyses at the Fe-hydrogenase gene demonstrated further strain variation within these ITS region types. The UK finch epidemic strain was preponderant amongst columbids sampled, however, wide strain diversity was encountered in isolates from a relatively small number of pigeons, suggesting further strains present in columbid populations across the UK are yet to be identified. Fe-hydrogenase gene sequence data in isolates from birds of prey with disease were predominantly identical to the UK finch epidemic strain, demonstrating its presence as a virulent strain in UK birds of prey since at least 2009.
The structure of the symptoms of major depression: exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in depressed Han Chinese women
Authors: Li Y. , Aggen S. , Shi S. , Gao J. , Li Y. , Tao M. , Zhang K. , Wang X. , Gao C. , Yang L. , Liu Y. , Li K. , Shi J. , Wang G. , Liu L. , Zhang J. , Du B. , Jiang G. , Shen J. , Zhang Z. , Liang W. , Sun J. , Hu J. , Liu T. , Wang X. , Miao G. , Meng H. , Li Y. , Hu C. , Li Y. , Huang G. , Li G. , Ha B. , Deng H. , Mei Q. , Zhong H. , Gao S. , Sang H. , Zhang Y. , Fang X. , Yu F. , Yang D. , Liu T. , Chen Y. , Hong X. , Wu W. , Chen G. , Cai M. , Song Y. , Pan J. , Dong J. , Pan R. , Zhang W. , Shen Z. , Liu Z. , Gu D. , Wang X. , Liu X. , Zhang Q. , Flint J. , Kendler K. S. 
Published: August 2013

BackgroundThe symptoms of major depression (MD) are clinically diverse. Do they form coherent factors that might clarify the underlying nature of this important psychiatric syndrome?MethodSymptoms at lifetime worst depressive episode were assessed at structured psychiatric interview in 6008 women of Han Chinese descent, age ⩾30 years with recurrent DSM-IV MD. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatoryfactor analysis (CFA) were performed in Mplus in random split-half samples.ResultsThe preliminary EFA results were consistently supported by the findings from CFA. Analyses of the nine DSM-IV MD symptomatic A criteria revealed two factors loading on: (i) general depressive symptoms; and (ii) guilt/suicidal ideation. Examining 14 disaggregated DSM-IV criteria revealed three factors reflecting: (i) weight/appetite disturbance; (ii) general depressive symptoms; and (iii) sleep disturbance. Using all symptoms (n = 27), we identified five factors that reflected: (i) weight/appetite symptoms; (ii) general retarded depressive symptoms; (iii) atypical vegetative symptoms; (iv) suicidality/hopelessness; and (v) symptoms of agitation and anxiety.ConclusionsMD is a clinically complex syndrome with several underlying correlated symptom dimensions. In addition to a general depressive symptom factor, a complete picture must include factors reflecting typical/atypical vegetative symptoms, cognitive symptoms (hopelessness/suicidal ideation), and an agitated symptom factor characterized by anxiety, guilt, helplessness and irritability. Prior cross-cultural studies, factor analyses of MD in Western populations and empirical findings in this sample showing risk factor profiles similar to those seen in Western populations suggest that our results are likely to be broadly representative of the human depressive syndrome.
Immigration and loneliness in later life
Authors: WU ZHENG , PENNING MARGARET 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTAlthough the loneliness of both older adults and immigrants is frequently asserted, knowledge regarding the implications of immigration for loneliness in later life is limited. In particular, little attention has been directed to the impact of factors that might differentiate individuals within the immigrant population. Using data from the 2007 General Social Survey (GSS-21) conducted by Statistics Canada, this study examined the effects of immigrant status as well as immigrant generation, length of residence in Canada and race/ethnicity on loneliness among adults aged 60 and over (N=10,553). Regression analyses (ordinary least squares) estimating both the general and age-specific effects of immigrant experience on loneliness, indicated that immigrants report higher levels of loneliness than native-born Canadians, that race/ethnicity influenced loneliness particularly among immigrants and that generational status as well as length of residence also had an impact, but one that differed across age groups. Immigration-related variables appeared less consequential for loneliness in the oldest-old (aged 80+) than in younger elderly age groups. These findings attest to the significance of immigrant status for an understanding of loneliness in later life but suggest a need to acknowledge the diversity of immigrant experiences associated with lifecourse and other factors.
Robust fuzzy sliding mode control for tracking the robot manipulator in joint space and in presence of uncertainties
Authors: Soltanpour Mohammad Reza , Khooban Mohammad Hassan , Soltani Mahmoodreza 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a simple fuzzy sliding mode control to achieve the best trajectory tracking for the robot manipulator. In the core of the proposed method, by applying the feedback linearization technique, the known dynamics of the robot's manipulator is removed; then, in order to overcome the remaining uncertainties, a classic sliding mode control is designed. Afterward, by applying the TS fuzzy model, the classic sliding mode controller is converted to fuzzy sliding mode controller with very simple rule base. The mathematical analysis shows that the robot manipulator with the new proposed control in tracking the robot manipulator in presence of uncertainties has the globally asymptotic stability. Finally, to show the performance of the proposed method, the controller is simulated on a robot manipulator with two degrees of freedom as case study of the research. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed control scheme in presence of the structured and unstructured uncertainties.
Resistant Gram-negative infections in the outpatient setting in Latin America
Authors: SALLES M. J. C. , ZURITA J. , MEJÍA C. , VILLEGAS M. V. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYLatin America has a high rate of community-associated infections caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae relative to other world regions. A review of the literature over the last 10 years indicates that urinary tract infections (UTIs) byEscherichia coli, and intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) byE. coliandKlebsiella pneumoniae, were characterized by high rates of resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, quinolones, and second-generation cephalosporins, and by low levels of resistance to aminoglycosides, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin. In addition, preliminary data indicate an increase in IAIs by Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrumβ-lactamases, with reduced susceptibilities to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins. Primary-care physicians in Latin America should recognize the public health threat associated with UTIs and IAIs by resistant Gram-negative bacteria. As the number of therapeutic options become limited, we recommend that antimicrobial prescribing be guided by infection severity, established patient risk factors for multidrug-resistant infections, acquaintance with local antimicrobial susceptibility data, and culture collection.
An examination of linking hypotheses drawn from the perceptual consequences of experimentally induced changes in neural circuitry
Authors: MITCHELL DONALD E. , LOMBER STEPHEN G. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBecause targeted early experiential manipulations alter both perception and the response properties of particular cells in the striate cortex, they have been used as evidence for linking hypotheses between the two. However, such hypotheses assume that the effects of the early biased visual input are restricted to just the specific cell population and/or visual areas of interest and that the neural populations that contribute to the visual perception itself do not change. To examine this assumption, we measured the consequences for vision of an extended period of early monocular deprivation (MD) on a kitten (from 19 to 219 days of age) that began well before, and extended beyond, bilateral ablation of visual cortical areas 17 and 18 at 132 days of age. In agreement with previous work, the lesion reduced visual acuity by only a factor of two indicating that the neural sites, other than cortical areas 17 and 18, that support vision in their absence have good spatial resolution. However, these sites appear to be affected profoundly by MD as the effects on vision were just as severe as those observed following MD imposed on normal animals. The pervasive effects of selected early visual deprivation across many cortical areas reported here and elsewhere, together with the potential for perception to be mediated at a different neural site following deprivation than after typical rearing, points to a need for caution in the use of data from early experiential manipulations for formulation of linking hypotheses.
Hippocampal Lateralization and Memory in Children and Adults
Authors: Hopf Laura , Quraan Maher A. , Cheung Michael J. , Taylor Margot J. , Ryan Jennifer D. , Moses Sandra N. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe neural organization of cognitive processes, particularly hemispheric lateralization, changes throughout childhood and adolescence. Differences in the neural basis of relational memory between children and adults are not well characterized. In this study we used magnetoencephalography to observe the lateralization differences of hippocampal activation in children and adults during performance of a relational memory task, transverse patterning (TP). The TP task was paired with an elemental control task, which does not depend upon the hippocampus. We contrasted two hypotheses; the compensation hypothesis would suggest that more bilateral activation in children would lead to better TP performance, whereas the maturation hypothesis would predict that a more adult-like right-lateralized pattern of hippocampal activation would lead to better performance. Mean-centered partial least squares analysis was used to determine unique patterns of brain activation specific to each task per group, while diminishing activation that is consistent across tasks. Our findings support the maturation hypothesis that a more adult-like pattern of increased right hippocampal lateralization in children leads to superior performance on the TP task. We also found dynamic changes of lateralization throughout the time course for all three groups, suggesting that caution is needed when interpreting conclusions about brain lateralization. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–11)