bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective comparison of running injuries between shod and barefoot runners
Authors: Altman Allison R , Davis Irene S 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundAdvocates of barefoot running suggest that it is more natural and may be a way to minimise injury risk. In contrast, opponents believe shoes are needed to adequately cushion and support the foot. However, to date, there have been no prospective studies of injury patterns in barefoot and shod runners. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence and rate of injuries between shod and barefoot runners.MethodsA prospective survey was conducted over the course of a year among 201 (107 barefoot and 94 shod) adult runners. Information regarding injuries and mileage was logged monthly using a custom, web-based database program. The number of injured runners, number of injuries per runner and injury rates were compared between habitual barefoot and habitual shod runners. Both musculoskeletal and plantar surface injuries were assessed.ResultsStatistically fewer overall, diagnosed, musculoskeletal injuries/runner were noted in the barefoot group. However, injury rates were not statistically different between groups due to significantly less mileage run in the barefoot group. As expected, barefoot runners sustained a statistically greater number of injuries to the plantar surface of the foot. The descriptive analysis suggests a greater number of calf injuries, but lower number of knee and hip injuries in the barefoot group. Additionally barefoot runners reported less plantar fasciitis than the shod group.ConclusionsBarefoot running is associated with fewer overall musculoskeletal injuries/runner, but similar injury rates. A larger scale cohort is needed to more accurately assess differences in individual injuries between these two groups.
An observational study of patient characteristics and mortality following hypoglycemia in the community
Authors: Elwen Francesca R , Huskinson Alice , Clapham Linda , Bottomley Matthew J , Heller Simon R , James Cathryn , Abbas Afroze , Baxter Paul , Ajjan Ramzi A 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesCharacterize patients with diabetes with severe hypoglycemia requiring emergency services intervention at home and investigate 12-month mortality.Research design and methodsEmergency services call-outs for hypoglycemia were recorded between 2005 and 2013 in an area covering 34 000 patients with diabetes. Patient characteristics were documented together with capillary blood glucose (CBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and treatment for hypoglycemia; 12-month mortality and variables influencing survival were analyzed.ResultsIn 1835 episodes among 1156 patients, 45% had type 1 diabetes (68.2% males) and 44% had type 2 diabetes (49.4% males), with a minority unclassified. CBG at presentation (mean±SD) was 1.76±0.72 mmol/L in patients with type 1 diabetes and 1.96±0.68 mmol/L in patients with type 2 diabetes (p<0.0001), with a higher HbA1c in the former group (8.3±1.52% (67.5±16.4 mmol/mol) and 7.8±1.74% (61.6±19.0 mmol/mol), respectively; p<0.0001). A third of patients with type 2 diabetes were not on insulin therapy and displayed lower HbA1c compared with insulin users. Glucagon was used in 37% of patients with type 1 diabetes and 28% of patients with type 2 diabetes (p<0.0001). One-year mortality was 4.45% in type 1 diabetes and 22.1% in type 2 diabetes. Age and type of diabetes were predictive of mortality in multivariable analysis, whereas CBG levels/frequency of hypoglycemia had no effect.ConclusionsSevere hypoglycemia in the community is common with a male predominance in type 1 diabetes. Severe hypoglycemia in non-insulin treated patients with type 2 diabetes is associated with lower HbA1c compared with insulin users. Severe hypoglycemia appears to be associated with increased mortality at 12 months, particularly in type 2 diabetes.
Approaches to supporting lactation and breastfeeding for very preterm infants in the NICU: a qualitative study in three European regions
Authors: Bonet Mercedes , Forcella Emanuela , Blondel Béatrice , Draper Elizabeth S , Agostino Rocco , Cuttini Marina , Zeitlin Jennifer 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo explore differences in approaches to supporting lactation and breastfeeding for very preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in 3 European regions.DesignQualitative cross-sectional study carried out by means of face-to-face semistructured interviews. Verbatim transcripts were coded using a theoretical framework derived from the literature and supplemented by data-driven concepts and codes.Setting4 purposively selected NICUs in each of 3 European regions in 2010 (Ile-de-France in France, Lazio in Italy, and the former Trent region in the UK).ParticipantsNICU staff members (n=22).ResultsPolicies and practices for managing mother's own milk for very preterm babies differed between regions, and were much more complex in Ile-de-France than in the Trent or Lazio regions. Staff approaches to mothers to initiate lactation differed by region, with an emphasis on the nutritional and immunological value of human milk in the Trent region and on the ‘normalising’ effect of breastfeeding on the mother-child relationship in Lazio. French and English staff expressed conflicting opinions about the use of bottles, which was routine in Italy. Italian informants stressed the importance of early maternal milk expression and feeding, but also mentioned discharging infants home before feeding at the breast was established. In Ile-de-France and Trent, successful feeding from the breast was achieved before discharge, although this was seen as a factor that could prolong hospitalisation and discourage continued breastfeeding for some women.ConclusionsTargeted health promotion policies in the NICU are necessary to increase the number of infants receiving their mother's milk and to support mothers with transfer of the infant to the breast. Integrating knowledge about the different approaches to lactation and breastfeeding in European NICUs could improve the relevance of recommendations in multiple cultural settings.
Identification of Biomarkers Including 18FDG-PET/CT for Early Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Humbert Olivier , Riedinger Jean-Marc , Charon-Barra Céline , Berriolo-Riedinger Alina , Desmoulins Isabelle , Lorgis Véronique , Kanoun Salim , Coutant Charles , Fumoleau Pierre , Cochet Alexandre , Brunotte François 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the value of the metabolic tumor response assessed with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), compared with clinicobiologic markers to predict pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).
Experimental Design: Fifty consecutive women with TNBC and an indication for NAC were prospectively included. Different pretreatment clinical, biologic, and pathologic biomarkers, including SBR grade, the Ki-67 proliferation index, androgen receptor expression, EGF receptor (EGFR), and cytokeratin 5/6 staining, were assessed. Tumor glucose metabolism at baseline and its change after the first cycle of NAC (ΔSUVmax) were assessed using FDG-PET.
Results: The pCR rate was 42%. High Ki-67 proliferation index (P = 0.016), negative EGFR status (P = 0.042), and high ΔSUVmax (P = 0.002) were significantly associated with pCR. In multivariate logistic regression, both negative EGFR status (OR, 6.4; P = 0.043) and high ΔSUVmax (OR, 7.1; P = 0.014) were independent predictors of pCR. Using a threshold at −50%, tumor ΔSUVmax predicted pCR with a negative, a positive predictive value, and an accuracy of 79%, 70%, and 75%, respectively. Combining a low ΔSUVmax and positive EGFR status could predict non-pCR with an accuracy of 92%.
Conclusions: It is important to define the chemosensitivity of TNBC to NAC early. Combining EGFR status and the metabolic response assessed with FDG-PET can help the physician to early predict the probability of achieving pCR or not. Given these results, the interest of response-guided tailoring of the chemotherapy might be tested in multicenter trials. Clin Cancer Res; 21(24); 5460–8. ©2015 AACR.
IL10R2 Overexpression Promotes IL22/STAT3 Signaling in Colorectal Carcinogenesis
Authors: Khare Vineeta , Paul Gregor , Movadat Oliver , Frick Adrian , Jambrich Manuela , Krnjic Anita , Marian Brigitte , Wrba Friedrich , Gasche Christoph 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The mucosal immune response in the setting of intestinal inflammation contributes to colorectal cancer. IL10 signaling has a central role in gut homeostasis and is impaired in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Out of two IL10 receptor subunits, IL10R1 and IL10R2, the latter is shared among the IL10 family of cytokines and activates STAT signaling. STAT3 is oncogenic in colorectal cancer; however, knowledge about IL10 signaling upstream of STAT3 in colorectal cancer is lacking. Here, expression of IL10 signaling genes was examined in matched pairs from normal and tumor tissue from colorectal cancer patients showing overexpression (mRNA, protein) of IL10R2 and STAT3 but not IL10R1. IL10R2 overexpression was related to microsatellite stability. Transient overexpression of IL10R2 in HT29 cells increased proliferation upon ligand activation (IL10 and IL22). IL22, and not IL10, phosphorylated STAT3 along with increased phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. A significantly higher expression of IL22R1 and IL10R2 was also confirmed in a separate cohort of colorectal cancer samples. IL22 expression was elevated in gut mucosa from patients with IBD and colitis-associated cancer, which also exhibited increased expression of IL22R1 but not its coreceptor IL10R2. Overall, these data indicate that overexpression of IL10R2 and STAT3 contributes to colorectal carcinogenesis in microsatellite-stable tumors through IL22/STAT3 signaling. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(11); 1227–35. ©2015 AACR.
Phase I Trial of a Yeast-Based Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine (GI-6301) Targeting the Transcription Factor Brachyury
Authors: Heery Christopher R. , Singh B. Harpreet , Rauckhorst Myrna , Marté Jennifer L. , Donahue Renee N. , Grenga Italia , Rodell Timothy C. , Dahut William , Arlen Philip M. , Madan Ravi A. , Schlom Jeffrey , Gulley James L. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The nuclear transcription factor brachyury has previously been shown to be a strong mediator of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human carcinoma cells and a strong negative prognostic factor in several tumor types. Brachyury is overexpressed in a range of human carcinomas as well as in chordoma, a rare tumor for which there is no standard systemic therapy. Preclinical studies have shown that a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) vaccine encoding brachyury (GI-6301) can activate human T cells in vitro. A phase I dose-escalation (3+3 design) trial enrolled 34 patients at 4 dose levels [3, 3, 16, and 11 patients, respectively, at 4, 16, 40, and 80 yeast units (YU)]. Expansion cohorts were enrolled at 40- and 80-YU dose levels for analysis of immune response and clinical activity. We observed brachyury-specific T-cell immune responses in the majority of evaluable patients despite most having been heavily pretreated. No evidence of autoimmunity or other serious adverse events was observed. Two chordoma patients showed evidence of disease control (one mixed response and one partial response). A patient with colorectal carcinoma, who enrolled on study with a large progressing pelvic mass and rising carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), remains on study for greater than 1 year with stable disease, evidence of decreased tumor density, and decreased serum CEA. This is the first-in-human study to demonstrate the safety and immunogenicity of this therapeutic cancer vaccine and provides the rationale for exploration in phase II studies. A randomized phase II chordoma study is now enrolling patients. Cancer Immunol Res; 3(11); 1248–56. ©2015 AACR.
Reflections on Aboriginal perinatal mental health, mothers, babies, families and community: A South Australian trainee’s experience
Authors: Laddipeerla Aparna , Alexander Jacob , Lattanzio Adriana 
Published: July 2015

Objective: This paper explores novel training opportunities that the Expanded Setting Training Program (ESTP) provides for advanced psychiatry trainees. It is a reflection of a trainee’s learning experiences during a year-long posting in Aboriginal Perinatal Mental Health, working alongside the Aboriginal Family Birthing Program, coupled with reflection and supervision. Conclusions: ESTP provided a fertile area to hone an advanced trainee’s skills in the niche areas of Aboriginal mental health, perinatal mental health, culture and psychiatry. In addition, it provided skills in the area of leadership, health advocacy and the establishment and maintenance of successful programs in disadvantaged, culturally and linguistically diverse communities. The ESTP Aboriginal Mental Health rotation provides a unique experience for training, and the learning opportunities are limited only by the creativity of the trainee and supervisor.
Epigenetic Therapy for the Treatment of Hypertension-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy and Fibrosis
Authors: Watson Chris J. , Horgan Stephen , Neary Roisin , Glezeva Nadezhda , Tea Isaac , Corrigan Niamh , McDonald Ken , Ledwidge Mark , Baugh John 
Published: July 2015

Background: The development of heart failure is associated with changes in the size, shape, and structure of the heart that has a negative impact on cardiac function. These pathological changes involve excessive extracellular matrix deposition within the myocardial interstitium and myocyte hypertrophy. Alterations in fibroblast phenotype and myocyte activity are associated with reprogramming of gene transcriptional profiles that likely requires epigenetic alterations in chromatin structure. The aim of our work was to investigate the potential of a currently licensed anticancer epigenetic modifier as a treatment option for cardiac diseases associated with hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Methods and Results: The effects of DNA methylation inhibition with 5-azacytidine (5-aza) were examined in a human primary fibroblast cell line and in a spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model. The results from this work allude to novel in vivo antifibrotic and antihypertrophic actions of 5-aza. Administration of the DNA methylation inhibitor significantly improved several echocardiographic parameters associated with hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Myocardial collagen levels and myocyte size were reduced in 5-aza-treated SHRs. These findings are supported by beneficial in vitro effects in cardiac fibroblasts. Collagen I, collagen III, and α-smooth muscle actin were reduced in a human ventricular cardiac fibroblast cell line treated with 5-aza. Conclusion: These findings suggest a role for epigenetic modifications in contributing to the profibrotic and hypertrophic changes evident during disease progression. Therapeutic intervention with 5-aza demonstrated favorable effects highlighting the potential use of this epigenetic modifier as a treatment option for cardiac pathologies associated with hypertrophy and fibrosis.
Personal value preferences and burnout of social workers
Authors: Tartakovsky Eugene 
Published: July 2015

Summary The present study examines the connection between the personal value preferences of social workers and their burnout. A total of 512 Israeli social workers participated in the study. Findings Socio-demographic characteristics explained only a small proportion of the variance in the social workers' burnout; however, years of experience in social work, education, and salary were significant predictors of the social workers' burnout. Personal value preferences explained a substantial proportion of the variance in the social workers' burnout beyond the effect of the socio-demographic variables. A higher preference for the benevolence, universalism, and achievement values and a lower preference for the power and face values were associated with less burnout. Applications The results obtained are discussed in light of the value congruence paradigm. The study's implications for the training and practice of social workers are discussed.
The Influence of Contraception, Abortion, and Natural Family Planning on Divorce Rates as Found in the 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth
Authors: Fehring Richard J. 
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of contraception, abortion, and natural family planning (NFP) on divorce rates of US women of reproductive age. The variables of importance of religion and frequency of church attendance were also included in the analysis. The study involved 5,530 reproductive age women in the (2006–2010) National Survey of Family Growth who indicate that they were ever married. Among the women who ever used NFP only 9.6 percent were currently divorced compared with the 14.4 percent who were currently divorced among the women who never used NFP ( x2 = 5.34, P < 0.21). Odds ratio analysis indicated that ever having an abortion, sterilization, and/or methods of contraception increased the likelihood of divorce – up to two times. Frequency of church attendance decreased the risk of divorce. Although there is less divorce among NFP users the reason might be due to their religiosity. Lay summary Providers of natural family planning (NFP) frequently mention that couples who practice NFP have fewer divorces compared to couples who use contraception. Evidence for this comment is weak. This study utilized a large data set of 5,530 reproductive age women to determine the influence that contraception, sterilization, abortion, and NFP has on divorce rates. Among the women participants who ever used NFP only 9.6 percent were currently divorced compared with the 14.4 percent who used methods of contraception, sterilization or abortion as a family planning method. Frequency of church attendance also reduced the likelihood of divorce.
Emerging functions of serum amyloid A in inflammation
Authors: Ye Richard D , Sun Lei 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
SAA is a major acute-phase protein produced in large quantity during APR. The rise of SAA concentration in blood circulation during APR has been a clinical marker for active inflammation. In the past decade, research has been conducted to determine whether SAA plays an active role during inflammation and if so, how it influences the course of inflammation. These efforts have led to the discovery of cytokine-like activities of rhSAA, which is commercially available and widely used in most of the published studies. SAA activates multiple receptors, including the FPR2, the TLRs TLR2 and TLR4, the scavenger receptor SR-BI, and the ATP receptor P2X7. More recent studies have shown that SAA not only activates transcription factors, such as NF-κB, but also plays a role in epigenetic regulation through a MyD88-IRF4-Jmjd3 pathway. It is postulated that the activation of these pathways leads to induced expression of proinflammatory factors and a subset of proteins expressed by the M2 macrophages. These functional properties set SAA apart from well-characterized inflammatory factors, such as LPS and TNF-α, suggesting that it may play a homeostatic role during the course of inflammation. Ongoing and future studies are directed to addressing unresolved issues, including the difference between rSAA and native SAA isoforms and the exact functions of SAA in physiologic and pathologic settings.
Heroin on trial: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials of diamorphine-prescribing as treatment for refractory heroin addiction
Authors: Strang John , Groshkova Teodora , Uchtenhagen Ambros , van den Brink Wim , Haasen Christian , Schechter Martin T. , Lintzeris Nick , Bell James , Pirona Alessandro , Oviedo-Joekes Eugenia , Simon Roland , Metrebian Nicola 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundSupervised injectable heroin (SIH) treatment has emerged over the past 15 years as an intensive treatment for entrenched heroin users who have not responded to standard treatments such as oral methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) or residential rehabilitation.AimsTo synthesise published findings for treatment with SIH for refractory heroin-dependence through systematic review and meta-analysis, and to examine the political and scientific response to these findings.MethodRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) of SIH treatment were identified through database searching, and random effects pooled efficacy was estimated for SIH treatment. Methodological quality was assessed according to criteria set out by the Cochrane Collaboration.ResultsSix RCTs met the inclusion criteria for analysis. Across the trials, SIH treatment improved treatment outcome, i.e. greater reduction in the use of illicit ‘street’ heroin in patients receiving SIH treatment compared with control groups (most often receiving MMT).ConclusionsSIH is found to be an effective way of treating heroin dependence refractory to standard treatment. SIH may be less safe than MMT and therefore requires more clinical attention to manage greater safety issues. This intensive intervention is for a patient population previously considered unresponsive to treatment. Inclusion of this low-volume, high-intensity treatment can now improve the impact of comprehensive healthcare provision.
RNA splicing regulated by RBFOX1 is essential for cardiac function in zebrafish
Authors: Frese Karen S. , Meder Benjamin , Keller Andreas , Just Steffen , Haas Jan , Vogel Britta , Fischer Simon , Backes Christina , Matzas Mark , Köhler Doreen , Benes Vladimir , Katus Hugo A. , Rottbauer Wolfgang 
Published: June 2015

Alternative splicing (AS) is one of the major mechanisms to warrant the proteomic and functional diversity of eukaryotes. However, the complex nature of the splicing machinery, its associated splicing regulators and the functional implications of alternatively spliced transcripts is only poorly understood.
We investigated here the functional role of the splicing regulator rbfox1 in vivo using the zebrafish as a model system. We find that loss-of rbfox1 leads to progressive cardiac contractile dysfunction and heart failure. By using deep-transcriptome sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR we show that depletion of rbfox1 in zebrafish results in an altered isoform expression of several crucial target genes, such as actn3a and hug.
This study underlines that tightly regulated splicing is necessary for unconstrained cardiac function and renders the splicing regulator rbfox1 an interesting target to be investigated in human heart failure and cardiomyopathy.
Percepções de qualidade do serviço público
Authors: Novaes Cristina , Lasso Sarah , Mainardes Emerson Wagner 
Published: June 2015

Identificar o conceito de qualidade que mais influencia a percepção dos usuários quanto à qualidade de um serviço público é o objetivo fundamental desta pesquisa. A partir dos tradicionais conceitos apresentados na literatura, foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva do tipo survey, com uma abordagem quantitativa com uma amostra de 207 cidadãos. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário contendo 21 afirmações acompanhada de uma escala de concordância. O questionário foi formulado com cinco afirmações para cada conceito: Qualidade como Excelência, Qualidade como Valor, Qualidade como Conformação de Especificações e Qualidade como Superação das Expectativas dos Clientes. Foi realizada uma afirmação geral: “Eu sei identificar quando um serviço público é oferecido com qualidade.” Após análise dos dados, os resultados evidenciam que a percepção do cidadão está relacionada ao conceito de Qualidade como Conformação de Especificações. O gestor público pode agir sobre as variáveis deste conceito para influenciar a percepção do cidadão sobre a qualidade de um serviço público.