bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HbA1c After a Short Period of Monotherapy With Metformin Identifies Durable Glycemic Control Among Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Zeitler Phil , Hirst Kathryn , Copeland Kenneth C. , El ghormli Laure , Levitt Katz Lorraine , Levitsky Lynne L. , Linder Barbara , McGuigan Paul , White Neil H. , Wilfley Denise ,   for the TODAY Study Group
Published: November 2015

OBJECTIVE
To determine whether clinically accessible parameters early in the course of youth-onset type 2 diabetes predict likelihood of durable control on oral therapy.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
TODAY was a randomized clinical trial of adolescents with type 2 diabetes. Two groups, including participants from all three treatments, were defined for analysis: 1) those who remained in glycemic control for at least 48 months of follow-up and 2) those who lost glycemic control before 48 months. Outcome group was analyzed in univariate and multivariate models as a function of baseline characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, BMI, waist circumference, Tanner stage, disease duration, depressive symptoms) and biochemical measures (HbA1c, C-peptide, lean and fat body mass, insulin inverse, insulinogenic index). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to analyze HbA1c cut points.

RESULTS
In multivariate models including factors significant in univariate analysis, only HbA1c and insulinogenic index at randomization remained significant (P &lt; 0.0001 and P = 0.0002, respectively). An HbA1c cutoff of 6.3% (45 mmol/mol) (positive likelihood ratio [PLR] 3.7) was identified that optimally distinguished the groups; sex-specific cutoffs were 6.3% (45 mmol/mol) for females (PLR 4.4) and 5.6% (38 mmol/mol) for males (PLR 2.1).

CONCLUSIONS
Identifying youth with type 2 diabetes at risk for rapid loss of glycemic control would allow more targeted therapy. HbA1c is a clinically accessible measure to identify high risk for loss of glycemic control on oral therapy. Adolescents with type 2 diabetes unable to attain a non–diabetes range HbA1c on metformin are at increased risk for rapid loss of glycemic control.
Toughening of Polylactide by Bio-Based and Petroleum-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers
Authors: Meyva Y. , Kaynak C. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to improve toughness of inherently very brittle polylactide (PLA) without sacrificing strength and thermal properties, so that biopolymer PLA could be used in engineering applications. For this purpose, PLA was blended with various amounts of two different thermoplastic elastomers; TPU (petroleum-based thermoplastic polyurethane) and TPE (bio-based thermoplastic polyester). Melt blending and specimen shaping were achieved by using a twin-screw extruder and injection molder, respectively. SEM analysis indicated that TPU and TPE were immiscible forming fine and uniform round domains in the PLA matrix. It was revealed that rubber-toughening mechanisms of TPU and TPE were very effective. For instance, using only 10 phr of TPU or TPE increased Charpy impact toughness of PLA more than 300 %, while increases in fracture toughness (KIC and GIC) values of PLA were as much as 35 % and 130 %, respectively. Other mechanical tests (tension, flexure, hardness) and thermal analyses (DSC) revealed that there were no significant detrimental effects of using 10 phr TPU or TPE on the engineering performance of PLA.
Paste Extrusion and Mechanical Properties of PTFE
Authors: Ansari M. , Vavlekas D. , McCoy J. L. , Hatzikiriakos S. G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe paste extrusion process of two types of PTFE has been studied in capillary extrusion using dies having different reduction ratio (RR) and die entrance angles. The extrusion pressure shows a weak increase with shear rate over a wide range of flow rates and a more significant increase with reduction ratio. Moreover, the extrusion pressure exhibits a minimum for entrance angle at around 30°. A simple analytical model based on the radial flow hypothesis (previously developed) has been found to represent the extrusion pressure adequately as a function of flow rate (shear rate) and geometrical characteristics of the capillary dies. The extrudates collected at different processing conditions were dried and tested in uniaxial extension to assess their effect on mechanical properties. The tensile modulus, yield stress and ultimate tensile strength of the obtained extrudates were found to be increasing functions of reduction ratio, although the opposite effect was found for the ultimate elongational strain. These mechanical properties are also found to be insensitive to changes in the die entrance angle although the ultimate tensile strength has shown a maximum at the entrance angle of about 60°. The PTFE paste extrudates show a Poisson's ratio equal to zero in tensile experiments, thus exhibiting expansion (significant density reduction with stretching). Finally, a simple model was derived for the density change in tensile deformation by taking into the account the Poisson's ratio and the strain recovery (recovery of the elastic energy stored upon removal of the tensile stress).
Forschung zur richtigen Zeit, umsetzungsorientiert und politisch eingebettet
Authors: Manser Rolf , Steffen Konrad , Meier Ueli , Küchli Christian 
Published: November 2015

Research at the right time, implementation-oriented and politically embedded
Climate change is occurring at a speed that raises doubts as to whether multi-functional forests can adapt to it naturally in time. In the medium to long term, important forest services seem to be endangered. Therefore, forest management strategies that support the adaptation of forests and maintain forest functions are necessary. In order to develop the necessary knowledge base and qualified decision-making support, the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment and the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research started the “Forest and Climate Change” research program in 2009. This special issue, devoted to the reaction and sensitivity of forest trees and stands to increased drought, presents for the first time results of the research program more broadly. This research program is one of the activities at the federal level relating to mitigation of climate change and adaptation to its impacts. It is politically embedded as an integral part of both the Forest Policy 2020 and the Federal Council's strategy of adaptation to climate change.
Zustand und Entwicklung der Trockenheit in Schweizer Wäldern
Authors: Remund Jan , Augustin Sabine 
Published: November 2015

State and development of drought in Swiss forests
Climate scenarios for the 21st century for Switzerland show increasing temperatures and more frequent weather extremes and the risk of drought will become more important. The objective of the study was the calculation of indicators which allow the estimation and evaluation of drought risks on a regional scale. The site water balance and the ratio between actual and potential evapotranspiration (ETa/ETp) were used as indicators. They are closely related to vitality parameters of trees. For projections in the future were used the A1B climate scenario, which assumes a warming of 2.7 to 4.1°C in Switzerland, and three regional climate models (CLM, RCA, REGCM3), which predict different developments regarding precipitation and temperature. Historical time series between 1951 and 2012 and scenarios up to 2100 for different climatic regions were calculated. The indicators reproduce well the measured trends and the regional differences. In all regions there was in the past a trend to increased drought. The Geneva/ Vaud region as well as the western midlands and north Switzerland show the most pronounced changes. Projections with the CLM model (which reproduced best the historic trend 1981–2010 for Switzerland) show increasing drought and, in general, an increasing variability of the climate for the mid-century.
Indikatoren zur Schätzung des Trockenheitsrisikos in Buchen- und Fichtenwäldern
Authors: Braun Sabine , Remund Jan , Rihm Beat 
Published: November 2015

Indicators for quantitative assessment of drought risks in beech and Norway spruce forests
The application of climate models to forecast future forest development asks for quantitative drought-response relationships, with the term “drought” first needing a definition. The long-term data series of an intercantonal forest observation program allowed to test various drought indicators, to compare them and to derive quantitative relationships for beech and Norway spruce. For basal area increment of both tree species indicators of the site water balance (SWB) performed best. For beech mortality site water balance and several indicators basing on the ratio between actual and potential evapo-transpiration (ETa/ETp) were equivalent, whereas for spruce mortality ETa/ETp during the first 80 days of the season was the best indicator. With these indicators the average drought related growth reduction after 2003 – a year with extreme drought – was estimated to amount to 32% for beech and 37% for Norway spruce. Mortality of Norway spruce increased by 130%, whereas the estimates for the increase of beech mortality vary between 54 and 110%, depending on the indicator. The observed quantitative relationships for growth were applied to map drought responses of growth for Switzerland. The maps clearly show the dry regions of Switzerland (northern Switzerland, southern Jura foothills, Lemanic region, Valais and Rhine valley around Chur), where basal area increment of beech and Norway spruce was reduced by more than 40%.
Zuwachs und Klimasensitivität von Baumarten im Ökogramm der kollinen und submontanen Stufe
Authors: Weber Pascale , Heiri Caroline , Lévesque Mathieu , Sanders Tanja , Trotsiuk Volodymyr , Walthert Lorenz 
Published: November 2015

Growth potential and climate sensitivity of tree species in the ecogram for the colline and submontane zone
In forestry practice a large amount of empirical knowledge exists about the productivity of individual tree species in relation to site properties. However, so far, only few scientific studies have investigated the influence of soil properties on the growth potential of various tree species along gradients of soil water as well as nutrient availability. Thus, there is a research gap to estimate the productivity and climate sensitivity of tree species under climate change, especially regarding productive sites and forest ad-mixtures in the lower elevations. Using what we call a «growth ecogram», we demonstrate species- and site-specific patterns of mean annual basal area increment and mean sensitivity of ring width (strength of year-to-year variation) for Fagus sylvatica, Quercus spp., Fraxinus excelsior, Picea abies, Abies alba and Pinus sylvestris, based on tree-ring data from 508 (co-)dominant trees on 27 locations. For beech, annual basal area increment ( average 1957–2006) was significantly correlated with tree height of the dominant sampling trees and proved itself as a possible alternative for assessing site quality. The fact that dominant trees of the different tree species showed partly similar growth potential within the same ecotype indicates comparable growth limitation by site conditions. Mean sensitivity of ring width – a measure of climate sensitivity – had decreased for oak and ash, while it had increased in pine. Beech showed diverging reactions with increasing sensitivity at productive sites (as measured by the C:N ratio of the topsoil), suggesting an increasing limitation by climate at these sites. Hence, we derive an important role of soil properties in the response of forests to climate change at lower elevations, which should be taken into account when estimating future forest productivity.
Entwicklung klimasensitiver Wachstumsfunktionen für das Szenariomodell «Massimo»
Authors: Rohner Brigitte , Thürig Esther 
Published: November 2015

Development of climate-dependent growth functions for the scenario model “Massimo”
Tree growth is substantially influenced by climatic factors. In the face of climate change, climate effects should therefore be included in estimations of Switzerland's future forest productivity. In order to include climate effects in the growth functions of the “Massimo” model, which is typically applied to project forest resources in Switzerland, we statistically modelled climate effects on tree growth representatively for Switzerland by simultaneously considering further growth-influencing factors. First, we used tree ring data to evaluate how climate variables should be defined. This analyses showed that for modelling multi-year tree growth we should use averages of whole-year variables. Second, we fitted nonlinear mixed-effects models separately for the main tree species to individual-tree growth data from the Swiss National Forest Inventory. In these models, we combined climate variables defined according to the results of the tree ring study with various further variables that characterize sites, stands and individual trees. The quantified effects were generally plausible and explained convincingly the physiological differences between the species. The statistical growth models for the main tree species will now be included in the forest scenario model “Massimo”. This will allow for founded analyses of scenarios which assume changing climatic conditions.
Einfluss wildlebender Huftiere auf die Waldverjüngung: ein Überblick für die Schweiz
Authors: Kupferschmid Andrea D. , Heiri Caroline , Huber Markus , Fehr Michiel , Frei Maurus , Gmür Pascal , Imesch Nicole , Zinggeler Jürg , Brang Peter , Clivaz Jean-Christophe , Odermatt Oswald 
Published: November 2015

Influence of wild ungulates on forest regeneration: overview for Switzerland
Terminal shoots of tree saplings are part of the diet of chamois, roe and red deer, which in turn can affect forest regeneration. We investigated the current extent of browsing influence on the Swiss forest and the existence of regional differences. Our overview includes all available, regionally assessed data on the influence of roe deer, chamois and red deer in Switzerland, i.e. data of the fourth Swiss National Forest Inventory (NFI 2009/13) and data from the cantons derived from 1) representative sample plot inventories, 2) surveys in selected forest areas and 3) assessments by expert opinion. In the time period between approx. 2009 and 2014 no larger region of Switzerland stood out with respect to browsing influence. On the level of the ungulates home range or forest districts we found large differences in the browsing impact, but on at least two-thirds of the assessed forest area of Switzerland browsing had no major influence on single tree species nor on forest regeneration in general (browsing level 1). In the colline vegetation belt frequent browsing has the most adverse influence on oak, in the montane belt on silver fir and in the lower subalpine belt on maple and rowan. Investigations focusing on a better understanding of the relationship between the objectively measurable browsing intensity and regeneration density as well as data on seedlings &lt;10 cm would allow an even better assessment of the browsing influence on the forest. With Swiss-wide standardized assessments by expert opinion within uniformly defined ungulate home ranges, the comparability of data on the impact of wild ungulates on the Swiss forest could be further improved.
COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN QUASI AROMATIC RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Ali M. , Mian M. A. K. , Hossain M. A. , Islam M. Z. , Hossain M. M. 
Published: November 2015

The experiment was conducted to study general and specific combining ability (GCA and SCA) and to estimate heterosis estimation at experimental farm of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur during T. Aman, 2006 and 2007 seasons. Eleven rice parental lines consisting of two quasi CMS lines in BC3 generation as lines and nine restorer lines as testers along with their eighteen F1s and a check variety (BRRI dhan37) were used for combining ability study in a line x tester mating design for eight characters. Ratio of general combining ability (GCA) to specific combining ability (SCA) variances above unity were observed for 1000-grain weight(g) indicating predominance of additive gene action for controlling the character. Among mother parents, CMS-1 appeared as good general combiner for panicle length, 1000-grain weight(g), and grain lengthbreadth ratio. Among male parents, Benaful, Oval Tapi and Sorukamini-1 were observed to be good general combiners for most of the characters studied. The cross combinations, CMS-1 × Kataribhog, CMS-2 × Maloti-1 and CMS-2 × Keora were found as good specific combiners for most of the characters under study. Good specific combiners were evolved from all kinds of combinations of general combiners indicating additive and non-additive types of gene effect for inheritance. Maximum hybrids showed desired significant standard heterosis for panicle length and 1000-grain weight. None of the hybrids showed desired and significant standard heterosis simultaneously for any three or more characters.
A Comparative Study on Haemodynamic and Recovery Status in Day-Case Anaesthesia Between Infusion of Propofol, Midazolam, Nalbuphine and Ketamine, Diazepam, Tramadol
Authors: Haque M Masudul , Alam Md Rabiul , Mamun Md Al , Hossain Md Mozaffer , Islam Md Zahurul 
Published: November 2015

A prospective comparative study was carried out to evaluate haemodynamic and recovery status using infusion of propofol-midazolam-nalbuphine and ketamine-diazepam-tramadol in surgical daycases. Fifty patients of either sex aged within 18-60 years ASA grade I or II requiring routine surgery as day-case basis under GA were selected in Dept of Anaesthesia, CMH, Dhaka during February-May 2006. Cases were randomly divided equally into two groups of 25 each. Group-A received propofolmidazolam- nalbuphine infusion and infusion of ketamine-diazepam-tramadol was used in Group- B for anaesthesia. Haemodynamic parameters, recovery status and home readiness time were monitored and recorded at 10 min intervals. The variations in heart rate, systolic and diastolic BP of both groups were found statistically insignificant (p-values: 0.0524, 0.0513 and 0.0575 respectively). Recovery scores were high in Group-A (p-0.0443) and time for home-readiness were found 242±35 (mean±SD) minutes in Group-A and 367±83 minutes in Group-B (p-0.0329). Drugs used in Group-B were found highly cost effective. It is concluded that by using ketamine, diazepam and tramadol combination (group-B), we can reduce the cost of anaesthesia, which is necessity for majority of patients in our country. On the other hand, propofol, midazolam and nalbuphine combination (group-A), a costlier regime appears suitable for the patients from affluent population. Both the regimes can be practiced with safety. Journal of BSA, Vol. 21, No. 1, January 2008 36-42
Gender Variation of Lipid Profiles of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients attended at a Specialized Diabetic Hospital in Dhaka
Authors: Yeasmin Roksana , Nahar Nazmun , Muttalib MA , Bhuiyan Md. Nizamul Hoque , Zahid ATM Zoadur Rahim , Jahan Waseka Akhter 
Published: November 2015

Background: The pattern of dyslipidemia varies among the patients of type 2 of diabetes mellitus. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to observe gender difference of lipid abnormalities in type-2 Diabetes Mellitus patients.Methodology: This cross sectional comparative study was conducted in the OPD of Department of medicine at BIRDEM, Dhaka from January, 2014 to July, 2014 for a period of six months. Convenient purposive sampling method was used and data assessed in a prospective manner. Blood sugar (FBS, ABF), lipid profile (TG, TC, LDLC, and HDLC) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS software program.Results: A total number of 400 type 2 DM patients (200 males and 200 females) attending to BIRDEM OPD were recruited in this study. Blood sugar was higher than normal in both male and female (FBS=8.79±.20, 8.64±0.22 respectively and ABF=12.15±0.27, 11.8±0.29 mmol/l respectively). TG level was also higher in two groups of study subjects with male level is slightly more than female (194.99±6.72 and 185.21±15.51 respectively) with no significant difference between the groups (P>.05). Total cholesterol and LDL-C level was within normal physiological level in both groups, where as these levels were higher in female in comparison to male (TC=184.44±3.33 &166.16±3.04 respectively, LDLC=109.68±2.59 & 88.66±2.59 respectively), showing significant difference between the groups (P=.000). HDL-C was below normal in both male (38.28± 48) and female (39.02±2.59); however HDL-C was slightly higher in female than male and the difference was insignificant (p=.330). Conclusion: In conclusion dyslipidemia were observed in a greater proportion of female diabetic patients than male diabetic patients.Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, 2015;2(2):34-38
Pregnant Women Presented with Acute Kidney Injury: A Case Report
Authors: Choudhury Farzana Rabee 
Published: November 2015

Acute Renal Failure is most challenging clinical problem when it occurs during pregnancy. Septic abortion is the most common cause of PRAKI in developing countries but its worldwide incidence has declined significantly. Sometimes septic abortion complicated by multiorgan failure. This 35 yrs multiparous lady having history of induced abortion, presented with multiorgan dysfunction. The patient was successfully treated and discharged with total care.Journal of Current and Advance Medical Research, 2015;2(2):47-48
La reconstitution du costume d’Arégonde. Nouvelles propositions
Authors: Périn Patrick 
Published: November 2015

Michel Fleury, der 1957 die Ausgrabungen von Edouard Salin unter der Basilika von Saint-Denis wieder aufgenommen hatte, entdeckte 1959 einen Sarkophag (Nr. 49) mit einer weiblichen Toten, die die außergewöhnliche Qualität ihrer Grabbeigaben und die Erhaltung der organischen Überreste ihrer Kleidung auszeichnete. Ein Goldring mit dem Namen ARN EGVNDIS und einem zentralen als REGIN E entzifferten Monogramm erlaubte die Verstorbene als Königin Arnegundis, eine von Gregor von Tours erwähnte Gemahlin Chlothars I. (511-561) und Mutter Chilperichs I., zu identifizieren. In Anbetracht des 539 angesetzten Geburtsdatums Chilperichs (tatsächlich wurde er 534 geboren) und einer anthropologischen Schätzung, die das Todesalter der Verstorbenen um 45 Jahre veranschlagte, wurde für ihren Tod die Zeit um 565/ 570 berechnet. Da diese Datierung nicht mit der des deutlich jüngeren Grabinventars übereinstimmte, bezweifelten mehrere Forscher, dass es sich bei der Verstorbenen tatsächlich um die von Gregor von Tours erwähnte historische Persönlichkeit handelte. Vor kurzem wurden das etwa dreißig Jahre lang verschollene Skelett der Toten aus dem Grab 49 und die mitgegebenen organischen pflanzlichen und tierischen Überreste wiederentdeckt. So bot sich die Gelegenheit den Fall wieder aufzurollen. Nun ist gesichert, dass die Tote etwa 61 jährig (± drei Jahre) um 580 starb, was der archäologischen Datierung der Grabbeigaben und folglich der historischen Identifizierung der Verstorbenen besser entspricht. Die erneute Überprüfung der organischen Überreste stellt zudem Michel Fleurys und Albert France-Lanords Rekonstruktion der Kleidung Arnegundis’ in Frage. Im
Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France (C2RMF) wurden die Beigaben aus Gold und Silber und die diese zierenden Granate analysiert. Diese Untersuchungen haben neue Erkenntnisse sowohl bezüglich der Legierungen als auch bezüglich der Herkunft der Granate gebracht.