bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive modeling of anti-malarial molecules inhibiting apicoplast formation
Authors: Jamal Salma , Periwal Vinita ,   Open Source Drug Discovery Consortium, Scaria Vinod 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Malaria is a major healthcare problem worldwide resulting in an estimated 0.65 million deaths every year. It is caused by the members of the parasite genus Plasmodium. The current therapeutic options for malaria are limited to a few classes of molecules, and are fast shrinking due to the emergence of widespread resistance to drugs in the pathogen. The recent availability of high-throughput phenotypic screen datasets for antimalarial activity offers a possibility to create computational models for bioactivity based on chemical descriptors of molecules with potential to accelerate drug discovery for malaria.

Results
In the present study, we have used high-throughput screen datasets for the discovery of apicoplast inhibitors of the malarial pathogen as assayed from the delayed death response. We employed machine learning approach and developed computational predictive models to predict the biological activity of new antimalarial compounds. The molecules were further evaluated for common substructures using a Maximum Common Substructure (MCS) based approach.

Conclusions
We created computational models using state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms. The models were evaluated based on multiple statistical criteria. We found Random Forest based approach provides for better accuracy as assessed from ROC curve analysis. We further evaluated the active molecules using a substructure based approach to identify common substructures enriched in the active set. We argue that the computational models generated could be effectively used to screen large molecular datasets to prioritize them for phenotypic screens, drastically reducing cost while improving the hit rate.
Prediction of a time-to-event trait using genome wide SNP data
Authors: Kim Jinseog , Sohn Insuk , Son Dae-Soon , Kim Dong Hwan , Ahn Taejin , Jung Sin-Ho 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundA popular objective of many high-throughput genome projects is to discover various genomic markers associated with traits and develop statistical models to predict traits of future patients based on marker values.ResultsIn this paper, we present a prediction method for time-to-event traits using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We also propose a MaxTest associating between a time-to-event trait and a SNP accounting for its possible genetic models. The proposed MaxTest can help screen out nonprognostic SNPs and identify genetic models of prognostic SNPs. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through simulations.ConclusionsIn conjunction with the MaxTest, the proposed method provides more parsimonious prediction models but includes more prognostic SNPs than some naive prediction methods. The proposed method is demonstrated with real GWAS data.
Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis: a cross-sectional single-centre experience with bone histomorphometry and quantitative computed tomography
Authors: Bacchetta Justine , Wesseling-Perry Katherine , Gilsanz Vicente , Gales Barbara , Pereira Renata C , Salusky Isidro B 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis (IJO) is a rare condition of poorly understood etiology and pathophysiology that affects otherwise healthy children. This condition is characterized clinically by bone pain and vertebral fractures; spontaneous recovery is observed after puberty in the majority of cases. Although decreased trabecular bone turnover has been noted previously, cortical and trabecular bone characteristics as determined by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and their relationship to bone histomorphometry are unknown.

Methods
All children with a clinical diagnosis of IJO who were followed in our center since 1995 and who had undergone at least one diagnostic bone biopsy were included in this cross-sectional analysis.

Results
Fifteen patients (11 males/4 females) with median ages of 5.8 and 10.2 years at first symptoms and at referral, respectively, were included in the analysis. Histomorphometric analysis demonstrated decreased trabecular bone turnover (BFR/BS) in the majority of patients with heterogeneous parameters of trabecular mineralization and volume. QCTresults demonstrated that bone mineral density (BMD) was reduced in both trabecular/lumbar and cortical/femoral bone: Z score: -2.1 (−3.6;–1.0) and −0.9 (−8.2;1.4)in the two compartments, respectively. In the eight patients who underwent both bone biopsy and QCT, cortical BMD was associated with trabecular separation and with trabecular bone formation rate (r = 0.898 and −0.881, respectively, both p < 0.05).

Conclusions
This series confirms that IJO is characterized by impaired trabecular architecture that can be detected by both bone biopsy and QCT. The association between bone biopsy and QCT results may have implications for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of these children.
Improved photovoltaic performance of silicon nanowire/organic hybrid solar cells by incorporating silver nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Kong , Qu Shengchun , Zhang Xinhui , Tan Furui , Wang Zhanguo 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays show an excellent light-trapping characteristic and high mobility for carriers. Surface plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) can be used to increase light scattering and absorption in solar cells. We fabricated a new kind of SiNW/organic hybrid solar cell by introducing AgNPs. Reflection spectra confirm the improved light scattering of AgNP-decorated SiNW arrays. A double-junction tandem structure was designed to manufacture our hybrid cells. Both short-circuit current and external quantum efficiency measurements show an enhancement in optical absorption of organic layer, especially at lower wavelengths.
Insulin-producing cells could not mimic the physiological regulation of insulin secretion performed by pancreatic beta cells
Authors: Shi Qiping , Luo Simin , Jia Haiying , Feng Lie , Lu Xiaohua , Zhou Lixin , Cai Jiye 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare the difference between insulin-producing cells (IPCs) and normal human pancreatic beta cells both in physiological function and morphological features in cellular level.

Methods
The levels of insulin secretion were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The insulin gene expression was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The morphological features were detected by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and laser confocal scanning microscopy.

Results
IPCs and normal human pancreatic beta cells were similar to each other under the observation in AFM with the porous structure features in the cytoplasm. Both number of membrane particle size and average roughness of normal human beta cells were higher than those of IPCs.

Conclusions
Our results firstly revealed that the cellular ultrastructure of IPCs was closer to that of normal human pancreatic beta cells, but they still could not mimic the physiological regulation of insulin secretion performed by pancreatic beta cells.
A hierarchical propelled fusion strategy for SAR automatic target recognition
Authors: Cui Zongyong , Cao Zongjie , Yang Jianyu , Feng Jilan 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) automatic target recognition (ATR) is playing a very important role in military and civil field. Much work has been done to improve the performance of SAR ATR systems. It is well-known that ensemble methods can be used for improving prediction performance. Thus recognition using multiple classifiers fusion (MCF) has become a research hotspot in SAR ATR. Most current researchers focus on the fusion methods by parallel structure. However, such parallel structure has some disadvantages, such as large time consumption, features attribution conflict and low capability on confuser recognition. A hierarchical propelled strategy for multi-classifier fusion (HPSMCF) is proposed in this paper. The proposed HPSMCF has the characters both of series and parallel structure. Features can be used more effective and the recognition efficiency can be improved by extracting features and fusing the probabilistic outputs in a hierarchical propelled way. Meanwhile, the confuser recognition can be achieved by setting thresholds for the confidence in each level. Experiments on MSTAR public data demonstrate that the proposed HPSMCF is robust for variant recognition conditions. Compared with the parallel structure, HPSMCF has better performance both on time consumption and recognition rate.
Bronchial obstruction by tumor embolus of contralateral lung during pneumonectomy: report of a case
Authors: Lee Dong Kyu , Kim Heezoo , Lim Sang Ho , Choi Young Ho , Kim Hyun Koo 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Bronchial obstruction due to a tumor embolus of the contralateral lung during pneumonectomy is an uncommon and fatal complication. According to previous cases, a bronchial balloon of double-lumen endotracheal tube (DLT) could prevent a dislodged tumor from traveling to the contralateral lung. We experienced a tumor embolism from the bronchus with cancer to the other bronchus despite applying DLT. A 59-year-old male with endobronchial lung cancer underwent a left pneumonectomy. One-lung ventilation was established by the right-sided DLT. After a left bronchial division, a sudden increase of peak airway pressure and reduction of the expired tidal volume to 50 ml was observed. Intraoperative fiberoptic bronchoscopy showed a near total obstruction of the right main bronchus due to tumor emboli. It was not possible to remove the tumor embolus through bronchoscopic suction and forceps. Therefore, we reopened the left bronchial stump and successfully extracted tumor embolus under bronchoscopic guidance.
Endoluminale Lasertherapie vs. Crossektomie/Stripping bei Vena saphena magna-Varicosis
Authors: Stenger D. , Hartmann M. , Roll S. , Flessenkämper I. 
Published: February 2013

ZusammenfassungEinleitung: Zur Therapie der Stammvaricosis der Vena saphena magna stehen u.a. die Kombination Crossektomie/ Stripping und die endoluminale Lasertherapie zur Verfügung, jedoch bislang ohne statistisch belastbare Daten.Material und Methode: Perioperativ, nach 2 und 6 Monaten, wurden sonographische und klinische Parameter in einer prospektiven randomisierten dreiarmigen Multicenter-Studie zwischen der endoluminalen Lasertherapie, der invaginierend durchgeführten, modifizierten, offen operativen Therapie der Stammvarikosis der Vena saphena magna und der endoluminalen Lasertherapie (Laser-prozedur mit 980 nm Laser (Biolitec), Continuous-Mode-Verfahren mit 30 Watt) vergli-chen. Initial und nach 2 Monaten wurden Daten von 449 Patienten, nach 6 Monaten von 388 Patienten erhoben. Zielparameter waren die sonographischen, inguinalen Refluxbefunde einschließlich durchströmter Seitenäste und deren Bezug zu klinischen Rezidiven.Ergebnisse: In den beiden Lasergruppen wurden signifikant mehr crossennahe Seitenäste gefunden als in der operativen Therapie. Es gab zu diesem Zeitpunkt keinen statistisch signifikanten Zusammenhang zwischen Refluxbefunden und klinischen Rezidiven. Die Re-flux- und Rezidivbefunde zeigten im zeitlichen Verlauf keine intraindividuelle Konstanz. Bezüglich der Endpunkte Ödeme, Lymphödeme, neurologische Sensibilitätsstörungen, Matting und postoperative Einschränkungen gab es signifikant mehr Lymphödeme, lokale Sensibilitätsstörungen und Saphenusschäden in den beiden Lasergruppen.Diskussion: Mit längerfristigen Nachuntersuchungen muss die Bedeutung der crossenahen Seitenäste für die Entwicklung klinischer Rezi-dive geklärt werden. Aufgrund des Nebenwirkungsprofils kann die verwendete Lasertechnik nicht als schonenderes Verfahren gegenüber der klassischen Operation bezeichnet werden.
Hematocrit correction does not improve glucose monitor accuracy in the assessment of neonatal hypoglycemia
Authors: Wang Li , Sievenpiper John L. , de Souza Russell J. , Thomaz Michele , Blatz Susan , Grey Vijaylaxmi , Fusch Christoph , Balion Cynthia 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground:The lack of accuracy of point of care (POC) glucose monitors has limited their use in the diagnosis of neonatal hypoglycemia. Hematocrit plays an important role in explaining discordant results. The objective of this study was to to assess the effect of hematocrit on the diagnostic performance of Abbott Precision Xceed Pro (PXP) and Nova StatStrip (StatStrip) monitors in neonates.Methods:All blood samples ordered for laboratory glucose measurement were analyzed using the PXP and StatStrip and compared with the laboratory analyzer (ABL 800 Blood Gas analyzer [ABL]). Acceptable error targets were ±15% for glucose monitoring and ±5% for diagnosis.Results:A total of 307 samples from 176 neonates were analyzed. Overall, 90% of StatStrip and 75% of PXP values met the 15% error limit and 45% of StatStrip and 32% of PXP values met the 5% error limit. At glucose concentrations ≤4 mmol/L, 83% of StatStrip and 79% of PXP values met the 15% error limit, while 37% of StatStrip and 38% of PXP values met the 5% error limit. Hematocrit explained 7.4% of the difference between the PXP and ABL whereas it accounted for only 0.09% of the difference between the StatStrip and ABL. The ROC analysis showed the screening cut point with the best performance for identifying neonatal hypoglycemia was 3.2 mmol/L for StatStrip and 3.3 mmol/L for PXP.Conclusions:Despite a negligible hematocrit effect for the StatStrip, it did not achieve recommended error limits. The StatStrip and PXP glucose monitors remain suitable only for neonatal hypoglycemia screening with confirmation required from a laboratory analyzer.
Large-Scale Direct Shear Testing of Recycled Construction and Demolition Materials
Authors: Piratheepan J. , Arulrajah A. , Disfani M. M. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Laboratory large-scale direct shear tests were carried out on five different recycled construction and demolition materials, such as crushed concrete (CC), crushed rock (CR), crushed brick (CB), reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), and recycled glass (RG). The shear strength parameters were evaluated with a large shear test machine for different values of normal stress ranging from 30 to 200 kPa. Resulting values of cohesion were found to vary in a wide range between 8.55 kPa to 284.5 kPa, whereas coefficient of internal friction varies between 44.6° to 52.1°. The failure envelopes for all materials investigated are straight-line failure envelopes. Crushed rock and crushed concrete showed high cohesion of 284 kPa and 154 kPa, respectively, whereas reclaimed asphalt pavement and recycled glass showed low cohesion of 8.55 kPa and 14 kPa, respectively. Meanwhile, crushed brick showed a medium cohesion of 61.2 kPa. Further, the volumetric behaviours of the recycled materials are dilatancy except for reclaimed asphalt pavement at low normal stress. The results of the shear strength tests indicate that CR, CC, and CB and blends of RAP and medium recycled glass (MRG) with other materials can be viable materials to be sustainably used in pavement sub-base applications.
Performance Evaluation of Flexible Pavements Using a New Field Cyclic Plate Load Test
Authors: McCartney John S. , Cox Brady R. , Wood Clinton M. , El Tawati Abdalla 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
This study presents a new field cyclic plate load test for characterization of the permanent and dynamic deformation behavior of flexible pavements as a function of load and number of loading cycles. Specifically, in this study a Vibroseis was used to apply thousands of loading cycles to pavement sections with a peak dynamic force of 62 kN (a ±22 kN dynamic force superimposed on a static hold-down force of 40 kN), which is approximately equivalent to [3/4] of an ESAL. These vertical loads were applied to a dual wheel-sized loading footprint resting on the pavement surface at a rate of 50 Hz. During loading, the permanent and dynamic surface deformations were recorded every 500 cycles at incremental distances from the loading footprint. The cyclic plate load test was performed for two pavement sections having similar asphalt, subgrade, and base course characteristics, but different base course thicknesses. The results from the pavement sections at two different times of the year (summer and winter) indicate improved performance with increasing base course thickness, and a stiffer response in the winter months due to temperature effects on the asphalt elastic modulus, as expected. The measured permanent deformation basins were interpreted using inverse analysis of an analytical Timoshenko-Winkler beam solution to identify softening of the Young’s moduli of the asphalt and combined base and subgrade layers after application of different numbers of loading cycles. The beam solution provides a good fit to the measured deformation profiles and the inverse analysis shows a clear decrease in Young’s moduli of the pavement layers during cyclic loading.
Modifying Media Content for Preschool Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Christakis Dimitri A. , Garrison Michelle M. , Herrenkohl Todd , Haggerty Kevin , Rivara Frederick P. , Zhou Chuan , Liekweg Kimberly 
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUND:
Although previous studies have revealed that preschool-aged children imitate both aggression and prosocial behaviors on screen, there have been few population-based studies designed to reduce aggression in preschool-aged children by modifying what they watch.

METHODS:
We devised a media diet intervention wherein parents were assisted in substituting high quality prosocial and educational programming for aggression-laden programming without trying to reduce total screen time. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of 565 parents of preschool-aged children ages 3 to 5 years recruited from community pediatric practices. Outcomes were derived from the Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation at 6 and 12 months.

RESULTS:
At 6 months, the overall mean Social Competence and Behavior Evaluation score was 2.11 points better (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78–3.44) in the intervention group as compared with the controls, and similar effects were observed for the externalizing subscale (0.68 [95% CI: 0.06–1.30]) and the social competence subscale (1.04 [95% CI: 0.34–1.74]). The effect for the internalizing subscale was in a positive direction but was not statistically significant (0.42 [95% CI: −0.14 to 0.99]). Although the effect sizes did not noticeably decay at 12 months, the effect on the externalizing subscale was no longer statistically significant (P = .05). In a stratified analysis of the effect on the overall scores, low-income boys appeared to derive the greatest benefit (6.48 [95% CI: 1.60–11.37]).

CONCLUSIONS:
An intervention to reduce exposure to screen violence and increase exposure to prosocial programming can positively impact child behavior.
NIDCAP: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Ohlsson Arne , Jacobs Susan E. 
Published: February 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The “synactive” theory of neurobehavioral development forms the basis of the Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment Program (NIDCAP). Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of NIDCAP in improving outcomes in preterm infants.METHODS:Medline, CINAHL, Embase, PsychInfo, The Cochrane Library, Pediatric Academic Societies’ Abstracts and Web of Science were searched in July 2010 and February 2012. The studies selected were randomized controlled trials testing the effectiveness of NIDCAP on medical and neurodevelopmental outcomes. The authors abstracted baseline characteristics of infants and outcomes. The risk of bias was assessed by using Cochrane criteria. RevMan 5.1 was used to synthesize data by the use of relative risk and risk difference for dichotomous outcomes and mean or standardized mean difference for continuous outcomes.RESULTS:Eleven primary and 7 secondary studies enrolling 627 neonates were included, with 2 of high quality. The composite primary outcomes of death or major sensorineural disability at 18 months corrected age or later in childhood (3 trials, 302 children; relative risk 0.89 [95% confidence interval 0.61 to 1.29]) and survival free of disability at 18 months corrected age or later in childhood (2 trials, 192 infants; relative risk 0.97 [95% confidence interval 0.69 to 1.35]), were not significantly different between the NIDCAP and control groups. With the sensitivity analysis that excluded the 2 statistically heterogeneous outlying studies, there were no significant differences between groups for short-term medical outcomes.CONCLUSIONS:This systematic review including 627 preterm infants did not find any evidence that NIDCAP improves long-term neurodevelopmental or short-term medical outcomes.
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among US Adolescents and Young Adults and Risk of Early Mortality
Authors: Saydah Sharon , Bullard Kai McKeever , Imperatore Giuseppina , Geiss Linda , Gregg Edward W. 
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE:To determine the risk of mortality associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in a national sample of adolescents and young adults.METHODS:Prospective study of participants in the third NHANES (1988–1994), aged 12 to 39 years at the time of the survey (n = 9245). Risk factors included 3 measures of adiposity, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level, cholesterol levels, blood pressure, self-reported smoking status, and cotinine level. Death before age 55 (n = 298) was determined by linkage to the National Death Index through 2006. Proportional hazards models, with age as the time scale, were used to determine the risk of death before age 55 years after adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, and presence of comorbid conditions.RESULTS:After adjusting for age, gender, and race/ethnicity, results of categorical analyses showed that current smokers were at 86% greater risk for early death than those classified as never smokers; that those with a waist-to-height ratio &gt;0.65 were at 139% greater risk than those with a WHR &lt;0.5; and that those with an HbA1c level &gt;6.5% were at 281% greater risk than those with an HbA1c level &lt;5.7%. Neither high-density lipoprotein nor non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol measures were associated with risk for early death.CONCLUSIONS:Our finding that risk for death before age 55 among US adolescents and young adults was associated with central obesity, smoking, and hyperglycemia supports reducing the prevalence of these risk factors among younger US residents.
Crystal Structures of Long-Period Stacking-Ordered Phases in the Mg-TM-RE Ternary Systems
Authors: Kishida Kyosuke , Yokobayashi Hideyuki , Inoue Atsushi , Inui Haruyuki 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTCrystal structures of long-period stacking-ordered (LPSO) phases in the Mg-TM (transition-metal)-RE(rare-earth) systems were investigated by atomic resolution high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). The 18R-type LPSO phase is constructed by stacking 6-layer structural blocks, each of which contains four consecutive close-packed planes enriched with TM and RE atoms. Formation of the TM6RE8 clusters with the L12 type atomic arrangement is commonly observed in both Mg-Al-Gd and Mg-Zn-Y LPSO phases. The difference between the crystal structures of Mg-Al-Gd and Mg-Zn-Y LPSO phases can be interpreted as the difference in the in-plane ordering of the TM6RE8 clusters in the structural block. The Mg-Al-Gd LPSO phase exhibits a long-range in-plane ordering of Gd and Al, which can be described by the periodic arrangement of the Al6Gd8 clusters with the L12 type atomic arrangement on lattice points of a two-dimensional 2$\sqrt 3 $aMg × 2$\sqrt 3 $aMg primitive hexagonal lattice, although the LPSO phase in the Zn/Y-poor Mg-Zn-Y alloys exhibits a shortrange in-plane ordering of the Zn6Y8 clusters.