bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kidney transplantation in the Hispanic population
Authors: Matsuoka Lea , Alicuben Evan , Woo Karen , Cao Shu , Groshen Susan , Qazi Yasir , Smogorzewski Miroslaw , Selby Rick , Alexopoulos Sophoclis 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHispanic race and low socioeconomic status are established predictors of disparity in access to kidney transplantation. This single‐center retrospective review was undertaken to determine whether Hispanic race predicted kidney transplant outcomes. A total of 720 patients underwent kidney transplantation from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2013, including 398 Hispanic patients and 322 non‐Hispanic patients. Hispanic patients were significantly younger (p < 0.0001), on hemodialysis for longer (p = 0.0018), had a greater percentage with public insurance (p < 0.0001), more commonly had diabetes as the cause of end‐stage renal disease (p = 0.0167), and had a lower percentage of living donors (p = 0.0013) compared to non‐Hispanic patients. There was no difference in one‐, five‐, and 10‐yr graft (97%, 81%, and 61% vs. 95%, 76%, and 42% p = 0.18) or patient survival (98%, 90%, and 84% vs. 97%, 87%, and 69% p = 0.11) between the Hispanic and non‐Hispanic recipients. Multivariate analysis identified increased recipient age and kidney donor profile index to be predictive of lower graft survival and increasing recipient age to be predictive of lower patient survival. In the largest single‐center study on kidney transplantation outcomes in Hispanic patients, there is no difference in graft and recipient survival between Hispanic and non‐Hispanic kidney transplant patients, and in multivariate analysis, Hispanic race is not a risk factor for graft or patient survival.
Sensitization trends after renal allograft failure: the role of DQ eplet mismatches in becoming highly sensitized
Authors: Singh Pooja , Filippone Edward J. , Colombe Beth W. , Shah Ashesh P. , Zhan Tingting , Harach Mary , Gorn Chad , Frank Adam M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSensitization following renal allograft failure (AF) is highly variable. Some patients remain non‐sensitized (NS), while others become highly sensitized (HS). We studied 66 NS patients who experienced AF after initial kidney transplantation. Post‐failure, two main groups of NS panel reactive antibody (PRA) class I and II <10% and HS patients (PRA class I or II ≥80%) were identified. The impact of acute rejection (AR), immunosuppression withdrawal (ISW) at AF, allograft nephrectomy, graft intolerance syndrome (GIS), and both standard serologic and eplet‐based mismatches (MM) in inducing HS status after failure was examined. Late PRA testing post‐failure revealed 18 patients remained NS and 34 patients became HS. African American recipients, ISW at AF, DQB1 eplet MM, and presence of GIS were associated with becoming HS. Presence of total zero eplet MM, zero DQA1/B1 eplet MM, continuation of immunosuppression after failure, and a hyporesponsive immune status characterized by recurrent infections were features of NS patients. DQ eplet MM represents a significant risk for becoming HS after AF. Studies comparing ISW vs. continuation in re‐transplant candidates with high baseline DQ eplet MM burden should be performed. This may provide insights if sensitization post‐AF can be lessened.
Impact of non‐anastomotic biliary strictures after liver transplantation on healthcare consumption, use of ionizing radiation and infectious events
Authors: de Vries A. Boudewijn , Koornstra Jan J. , Lo Ten Foe Jerome R. , Porte Robert J. , van den Berg Aad P. , Blokzijl Hans , Verdonk Robert C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundNon‐anastomotic biliary strictures (NAS) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) have a negative influence on graft survival. Expert opinion suggests a negative effect of NAS on other important aspects of post‐transplant care, although its impact is largely unknown as data are scarce.MethodsThis retrospective single center study analyzed data on healthcare consumption, use of ionizing radiation, infectious complications and development of highly resistant microorganisms (HRMO) in adult patients with NAS. A comparison with a matched control group was made.ResultsForty‐three liver recipients with NAS and 43 controls were included. Hospital admissions were higher in patients with NAS. Most common reason for admission was bacterial cholangitis (BC), with 70% of the patients having at least one episode compared to 9% in the control group. In patients with NAS, 67% received at least one ERCP compared to 21% in the control group (p = 0.001). This resulted in a larger yearly received radiation dose for patients with NAS (p = 0.001). Frequency of intravenous antibiotic therapy was higher (p = 0.001) for patients with NAS, consistently resulting in a higher number of cultures found with HRMO (p = 0.012).ConclusionNAS after OLT have a negative effect on post‐transplant care, increasing readmission rates, interventional procedures, exposure to ionizing radiation, use of antibiotics, and development of HRMO.
Predicting invasiveness of species in trade: climate match, trophic guild and fecundity influence establishment and impact of non‐native freshwater fishes
Authors: Howeth Jennifer G. , Gantz Crysta A. , Angermeier Paul L. , Frimpong Emmanuel A. , Hoff Michael H. , Keller Reuben P. , Mandrak Nicholas E. , Marchetti Michael P. , Olden Julian D. , Romagosa Christina M. , Lodge David M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimImpacts of non‐native species have motivated development of risk assessment tools for identifying introduced species likely to become invasive. Here, we develop trait‐based models for the establishment and impact stages of freshwater fish invasion, and use them to screen non‐native species common in international trade. We also determine which species in the aquarium, biological supply, live bait, live food and water garden trades are likely to become invasive. Results are compared to historical patterns of non‐native fish establishment to assess the relative importance over time of pathways in causing invasions.LocationLaurentian Great Lakes region.MethodsTrait‐based classification trees for the establishment and impact stages of invasion were developed from data on freshwater fish species that established or failed to establish in the Great Lakes. Fishes in trade were determined from import data from Canadian and United States regulatory agencies, assigned to specific trades and screened through the developed models.ResultsClimate match between a species’ native range and the Great Lakes region predicted establishment success with 75–81% accuracy. Trophic guild and fecundity predicted potential harmful impacts of established non‐native fishes with 75–83% accuracy. Screening outcomes suggest the water garden trade poses the greatest risk of introducing new invasive species, followed by the live food and aquarium trades. Analysis of historical patterns of introduction pathways demonstrates the increasing importance of these trades relative to other pathways. Comparisons among trades reveal that model predictions parallel historical patterns; all fishes previously introduced from the water garden trade have established. The live bait, biological supply, aquarium and live food trades have also contributed established non‐native fishes.Main conclusionsOur models predict invasion risk of potential fish invaders to the Great Lakes region and could help managers prioritize efforts among species and pathways to minimize such risk. Similar approaches could be applied to other taxonomic groups and geographic regions.
Social Policy for Neoliberalism: The Bolsa Família Programme in Brazil
Authors: Saad‐Filho Alfredo 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) is one of the largest conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes in the world. CCTs have been described as a ‘magic bullet’ for development, and PBF is widely regarded as an exemplary programme. Examination of its conceptual underpinnings, features, impact and limitations shows that PBF provides substantial income support to the poorest. However, PBF is also self‐limiting and it can offer only limited long‐term gains to the poor. More significant outcomes require the expansion of the scope of PBF and other social programmes towards the universalization and decommodification of social provision in Brazil.
Utility of Real Time 3D Echocardiography for the Assessment of Left Ventricular Mass in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Comparison with Cardiac Magnetic Resonance
Authors: Avegliano Gustavo P. , Costabel Juan P. , Asch Federico M. , Sciancalepore Agustina , Kuschnir Paola , Huguet Marina , Tobon‐Gomez Catalina , Frangi Alejandro F. , Ronderos Ricardo 
Published: November 2015

Introduction and objectivesPatients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have irregular ventricular shapes with small and sometimes obliterated cavities at end‐systole that affect the quantification of left ventricular mass (LVM) by conventional methods, such as M‐mode or two‐dimensional echocardiography. The goal of this study was to validate the use of real time three‐dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) to quantify LVM using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) as a reference, in a large population of patients with different types of HCM.MethodsForty‐eight consecutive patients with HCM had a complete transthoracic examination and CMR performed within 7 days. LVM was calculated by M‐mode and RT3DE and compared to CMR that served as gold standard.ResultsLeft ventricular mass calculated by RT3DE was 195 ± 41 g and 187 ± 49 g by CMR. The correlation between the two methods was moderate, with a Lin index of 0.63 and good linear correlation (r = 0.63, P < 0.0001). The correlation was high when RT3DE was of high or adequate image quality. The correlation between LVM by M‐mode and CMR was poor.ConclusionThree‐dimensional echocardiography is an accurate method for the quantification of LVM in patients with different subtypes of HCM that is in better agreement with CMR reference values than M‐mode measurements.
A noninterventional study evaluating the effectiveness and safety of lacosamide added to monotherapy in patients with epilepsy with partial‐onset seizures in daily clinical practice: The VITOBA study
Authors: Runge Uwe , Arnold Stephan , Brandt Christian , Reinhardt Fritjof , Kühn Frank , Isensee Kathleen , Ramirez Francisco , Dedeken Peter , Lauterbach Thomas , Noack‐Rink Matthias , Mayer Thomas 
Published: November 2015

SummaryObjectiveEvidence for the efficacy and safety of adjunctive lacosamide in the treatment of partial‐onset seizures (POS) was gained during placebo‐controlled clinical trials in patients with treatment‐resistant seizures who were taking one to three concomitant antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The VITOBA study (NCT01098162) evaluated the effectiveness and tolerability of adjunctive lacosamide added to one baseline AED in real‐world clinical practice.MethodsWe conducted a 6‐month observational study at 112 sites across Germany. Adult patients (≥16 years) with POS received lacosamide adjunctive to only one baseline AED. Seizure frequency reduction at the end of the observation period was compared with a 3‐month retrospective baseline period.ResultsFive hundred seventy‐one patients received lacosamide at least once (Safety Set [SS]); 520 provided evaluable seizure records (Full Analysis Set [FAS]); and 499 took in‐label dosages of lacosamide (up to 400 mg) and were evaluated for effectiveness (modified FAS). Median baseline seizure frequency was 2.0 per 28 days: 47.1% of patients (235/499, mFAS) took a concomitant sodium channel–blocking (SCB) AED; 38.1% (190/499) had only one lifetime AED; and 18.4% (92/499) were aged ≥65 years (mFAS). At the final visit, 72.5% (358/494) of patients showed a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency from baseline, 63.8% (315/494) showed a ≥75% reduction, and 45.5% (225/494) were seizure‐free. Seizure freedom rates were higher in patients aged ≥65 years (56.7%) compared with patients aged <65 years (43.1%), in patients with ≤5 years epilepsy duration (52.5%) versus >5 years duration (41.0%), and when added to first monotherapy (60.5%) rather than as a later therapy option. Treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were reported by 48.5% (277/571) of patients (SS), with a profile similar to that observed in pivotal trials; 466 of patients (81.6%, SS) continued lacosamide therapy after the trial.SignificanceThese results suggest that lacosamide use, added to one concomitant AED, was effective at improving seizure control and was well tolerated in patients treated in routine clinical practice.
Development of antipeptide enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for determination of gelatin in confectionery products
Authors: Tukiran Nur Azira , Ismail Amin , Mustafa Shuhaimi , Hamid Muhajir 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe gelatin sources have become a controversial issue with regard to religious and health concern. Thus, the aims of this study were to develop and evaluate the efficiency of polyclonal antibodies against peptide immunogen of collagen α2 (I) chain for determination of gelatin sources in confectionery products by competitive indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Collagen α2 (I) chain protein showed resistance against heat treatment and detectable in certain commercial products when analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). The established ELISA exhibited low cross‐reactivity to fish and chicken gelatin. The IC50 value was 0.39 μg mL−1, and the limit of detection (IC10) was 0.05 μg mL−1. There were no false‐positive results from forty‐eight commercially processed products. The present method is useful for determination of gelatin in confectionery products.
Potentiality of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KFCC11574P isolated from Korean traditional doenjang as a starter in the production of functional soya bean paste
Authors: Hong Yeun , Jung Hyun‐Ji , Han Seon‐Kyeong , Kim Hae‐Yeong 
Published: November 2015

SummaryProteolytic activity, fibrinolytic activity and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibitory activity, volatile compound profile, off‐flavour compound and sensory characteristics in soya bean paste made with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KFCC11574P (KHG19) strain were compared with those in three different commercial soya bean paste samples. The KHG19 strain was isolated from doenjang, a traditional Korean soya bean paste, and the maximum dominance in soya bean paste prepared in this study was 68.8% after 2 months of ageing. Proteolytic and fibrinolytic activities in soya bean paste made with KHG19 strain (KHG19 soya bean paste) were higher than those in commercial soya bean pastes. The maximum proteolytic activity (2.47 cm2) was observed after 3 months of ageing, and the maximum relative fibrinolytic activity (236.98%) was appeared after 2 months of ageing. ACE‐inhibitory activity in KHG19 soya bean paste was similar to those in commercial samples. The volatile compound profile of KHG19 soya bean paste was closest to that of cheonggukjang according to the result from principal component analysis. The sensory score for off‐flavour character was significantly low in KHG19 soya bean paste (2.9) compare with the score (6.8) for Korean traditional doenjang. KHG19 strain can be used for the production of functional soya bean paste that would be affordable to global consumer.
Sword bean (Canavalia gladiata) as a source of antioxidant phenolics
Authors: Gan Ren‐You , Lui Wing‐Yee , Corke Harold 
Published: November 2015

SummarySword beans (Canavalia gladiata) have been used as grain legumes and medicinal plants in China for thousands of years. To explore new natural antioxidant sources, the antioxidant capacity and phenolic composition in the soluble and bound fractions of three sword bean genotypes were evaluated in vitro. The red and black sword beans were found to have antioxidant capacity compared to the white sword bean, and this was attributed to their red and black bean coats, which possessed extremely high phenolic content. Gallic acid and its derivatives, such as methyl gallate, digalloyl hexoside and digallic acid, were the main phenolic compounds in the coats of red and black sword beans. Therefore, the red and black sword beans, especially their bean coats, are good sources of antioxidant phenolics and may have potential health benefits.
A review of contemporary patterns of endemism for shallow water reef fauna in the Red Sea
Authors: DiBattista Joseph D. , Roberts May B. , Bouwmeester Jessica , Bowen Brian W. , Coker Darren J. , Lozano‐Cortés Diego F. , Howard Choat J. , Gaither Michelle R. , Hobbs Jean‐Paul A. , Khalil Maha T. , Kochzius Marc , Myers Robert F. , Paulay Gustav , Robitzch Vanessa S. N. , Saenz‐Agudelo Pablo , Salas Eva , Sinclair‐Taylor Tane H. , Toonen Robert J. , Westneat Mark W. , Williams Suzanne T. , Berumen Michael L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimThe Red Sea is characterised by a unique fauna and historical periods of desiccation, hypersalinity and intermittent isolation. The origin and contemporary composition of reef‐associated taxa in this region can illuminate biogeographical principles about vicariance and the establishment (or local extirpation) of existing species. Here we aim to: (1) outline the distribution of shallow water fauna between the Red Sea and adjacent regions, (2) explore mechanisms for maintaining these distributions and (3) propose hypotheses to test these mechanisms.LocationRed Sea, Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea, Arabian Gulf and Indian Ocean.MethodsUpdated checklists for scleractinian corals, fishes and non‐coral invertebrates were used to determine species richness in the Red Sea and the rest of the Arabian Peninsula and assess levels of endemism. Fine‐scale diversity and abundance of reef fishes within the Red Sea were explored using ecological survey data.ResultsWithin the Red Sea, we recorded 346 zooxanthellate and azooxanthellate scleractinian coral species of which 19 are endemic (5.5%). Currently 635 species of polychaetes, 211 echinoderms and 79 ascidians have been documented, with endemism rates of 12.6%, 8.1% and 16.5% respectively. A preliminary compilation of 231 species of crustaceans and 137 species of molluscs include 10.0% and 6.6% endemism respectively. We documented 1071 shallow fish species, with 12.9% endemic in the entire Red Sea and 14.1% endemic in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Based on ecological survey data of endemic fishes, there were no major changes in species richness or abundance across 1100 km of Saudi Arabian coastline.Main conclusionsThe Red Sea biota appears resilient to major environmental fluctuations and is characterized by high rates of endemism with variable degrees of incursion into the Gulf of Aden. The nearby Omani and Arabian Gulfs also have variable environments and high levels of endemism, but these are not consistently distinct across taxa. The presence of physical barriers does not appear to explain species distributions, which are more likely determined by ecological plasticity and genetic diversity.
Oligarchic patterns in tropical forests: role of the spatial extent, environmental heterogeneity and diversity
Authors: Arellano Gabriel , Jørgensen Peter M. , Fuentes Alfredo F. , Loza M. Isabel , Torrez Vania , Macía Manuel J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimOligarchic patterns can vary from weak (i.e. little difference between rare and common species) to strong (i.e. a set of dominant species is immediately evident). Our aim was to understand the relationships between the strength of the oligarchic patterns, diversities (alpha, beta and gamma), and five potential causes (elevational variability, soil heterogeneity, elevation, soil conditions and geographical extent).LocationThe Amazon–Andes transition in the Madidi region (Bolivia).MethodsWe established 398 plots of 0.1 ha each, containing 121,183 individual woody plants belonging to 2390 species. Then we defined 500 sub‐regions (= unique overlapping subsets of 50 plots from the pool of 398 plots) so they varied in extent from 220 to 17,700 km2 within the study area. We employed two independent path analyses to relate environmental characteristics and geographical extent of sub‐regions to (1) oligarchic strength and (2) alpha, beta and gamma diversities. We used generalized linear models to relate diversities to different measures of oligarchic strength.ResultsOligarchies at larger extents were weaker, a trend strongly driven by the pure effect of area and, secondarily, by environmental heterogeneity. Oligarchies at higher elevations were weaker than expected, and oligarchies in acidic and nutrients‐poor soils were not stronger than those in less stressful soils. Trends in oligarchic strength were inversely correlated with those of gamma and beta diversity: weaker oligarchies were found in species‐rich and heterogeneous communities.Main conclusionsEnvironmental heterogeneity and low landscape connectivity limit the strength of the oligarchic pattern. Although diversities (particularly beta diversity) and oligarchic strength are closely related, they are somewhat differently driven by external factors. In particular, oligarchic strength is more sensitive to spatial extent and less sensitive to environmental heterogeneity than beta diversity. Finally, the study of oligarchic patterns should consider a priori expectations based on species richness and turnover.
Successful Repeat Catheter Ablation of Recurrent Longstanding Persistent Atrial Fibrillation With Rotor Elimination as the Procedural Endpoint: A Case Series
Authors: SOMMER PHILIPP , KIRCHER SIMON , ROLF SASCHA , JOHN SILKE , ARYA ARASH , DINOV BORISLAV , RICHTER SERGIO , BOLLMANN ANDREAS , HINDRICKS GERHARD 
Published: November 2015

Rotor Elimination as Endpoint for AF AblationsBackgroundThere remains a lack of consensus regarding the ideal ablation strategy for atrial fibrillation (AF), particularly in patients with persistent or longstanding persistent AF. Given increasing evidence from clinical imaging studies that rotors sustain AF, rotor elimination may be a desirable procedural endpoint. However, there is no description to date of the clinical outcomes using rotor elimination during ablation as the procedural endpoint. Moreover, a series of studies question whether procedural AF termination is a desirable endpoint for ablation after many forms of AF ablation.Methods and ResultsWe report a single‐center experience of rotor elimination during AF ablation using Focal Impulse and Rotor Mapping (FIRM), describing 20 consecutive patients with case descriptions of 3 patients with recurrent longstanding persistent AF after prior ablation. In all cases, endocardial mapping using a 64‐electrode basket catheter was performed to identify rotors, which were eliminated using radiofrequency catheter ablation. After it was verified that all identified rotors were eliminated, standard ablation consisting of PV isolation was performed. Notably, persistent AF terminated in only 1/20 (5%) patients. However, after a follow‐up of 6 months, single‐procedure freedom from AF was 80% (16/20 patients) with only 1 patient on antiarrhythmic drugs. All three patients in the highlighted series are AF free despite the lack of acute procedural AF termination.ConclusionsPatients with persistent AF including those with unsuccessful prior ablation can be treated successfully by rotor targeted ablation, using the elimination of all rotors rather than acute AF termination as the procedural endpoint.