bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Support‐seeking, support‐provision and support‐perception in distressed married couples: a multi‐method analysis
Authors: Verhofstadt Lesley LL , Lemmens Gilbert MD , Buysse Ann 
Published: December 2012

An emerging consensus argues for the importance of spousal support in our understanding of how relationships succeed or fail. This report covers two studies that examined support seeking, support provision and support perception in distressed married couples. In Study 1 a total of seventy distressed and seventy non‐distressed couples participated in a survey study; in Study 2 twenty distressed and twenty non‐distressed couples participated in an observational study. Global self‐reports were used in both studies to assess spouses’ support behaviour and perceived support. These measures were supplemented in Study 2 with measures of observed support behaviour and interaction‐based perceived support as assessed during specific support interactions. Our self‐report and observational measures consistently indicated that distressed marital couples display lower levels of positive support‐seeking and emotional or instrumental support provision than non‐distressed couples. We also found evidence for higher levels of negative support‐seeking and provision behaviour in distressed couples, as compared to non‐distressed couples. Distressed spouses also reported lower levels of global and interaction‐based perceived support than non‐distressed spouses.Practitioner points
Assess and evaluate the different support behaviour in couples
Explain the interactional support behaviour cycle
Increase support skills within the couple
Detect and block negative support behaviour
Transcriptional and functional characterization of genetic elements involved in galacto‐oligosaccharide utilization by Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003
Authors: O'Connell Motherway Mary , Kinsella Michael , Fitzgerald Gerald F. , van Sinderen Douwe 
Published: December 2012

SummarySeveral prebiotics, such as inulin, fructo‐oligosaccharides and galacto‐oligosaccharides, are widely used commercially in foods and there is convincing evidence, in particular for galacto‐oligosaccharides, that prebiotics can modulate the microbiota and promote bifidobacterial growth in the intestinal tract of infants and adults. In this study we describe the identification and functional characterization of the genetic loci responsible for the transport and metabolism of purified galacto‐oligosaccharides (PGOS) by Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003. We further demonstrate that an extracellular endogalactanase specified by several B. breve strains, including B. breve UCC2003, is essential for partial degradation of PGOS components with a high degree of polymerization. These partially hydrolysed PGOS components are presumed to be transported into the bifidobacterial cell via various ABC transport systems and sugar permeases where they are further degraded to galactose and glucose monomers that feed into the bifid shunt. This work significantly advances our molecular understanding of bifidobacterial PGOS metabolism and its associated genetic machinery to utilize this prebiotic.
Cranial osteology of Picini (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae)
Authors: Donatelli Reginaldo J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe Picini is composed of 26 species of woodpeckers from the old world that are grouped into seven genera. Given the absence of detailed studies on the cranial osteology of the Picini, the purpose of this study is to describe the cranial osteology of 14 species of Picini from six genera and to compare these species with each other, with other species of woodpeckers and with other bird groups. The results of the analysis of the bone structures of the skull of the Picini indicate that there are seven outstanding characteristic of bones involved in the functional mechanistics of the jaw apparatus. In the ossa cranii, these include the frontal overhang, the postorbital process, the extension of the parietal versus the frontal region and the temporal fossa. In the ossa faciei, these include the rostral expansion of the pterygoid, the ventral palatine fossa and the orbital process of the quadrate bone. For all of the structures associated with the cranial osteology of the investigated species, there is a clear distinction between the species of the genus Picus and the other species studied. Blythipicus rubiginosus, Chrysocolaptes lucidus, Reinwardtipicus validus, Gecinulus viridis and the species of the genus Dinopium exhibit additional particularities.
Childhood sexual abuse: community‐based treatment practices and predictors of use of evidence‐based practices
Authors: Czincz Jennifer , Romano Elisa 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundCognitive behavior therapy with abuse‐focused components is empirically supported for children/adolescents who have experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA). We examined the extent to which community‐based psychologists use evidence‐based practices (EBP) for CSA and identified predictors of EBP use.MethodPsychologists (N = 231) providing CSA treatment services to children/adolescents in Ontario (Canada) were identified through the first census of child and adolescent psychology clinicians registered with the College of Psychologists of Ontario. Participants completed a questionnaire on treatment strategies, sociodemographics, work setting, treatment provision, and attitudes toward EBP. Data were collected between December 2009 and June 2010.ResultsThe majority (78%) of psychologists providing CSA services reported never having received training in specific treatment approaches for this population. Only 5% of psychologists received training in the EBP of trauma‐focused cognitive behavior therapy. Multiple regressions indicated that age, theoretical orientation, continuing education, and attitudes predicted the use of an empirically based intervention for CSA.ConclusionStudy findings show that few community‐based psychologists have received training in specific treatment approaches for CSA victims and very few are trained to deliver EBP for this population. There are ethical concerns about the practice of psychologists who are untrained and unsupervised doing this work. Research findings, which underline the need for training, supervision, and continuing education, need to be translated into clinical practice.
Absence of parasympathetic reactivation after maximal exercise
Authors: de Oliveira Tiago Peçanha , de Alvarenga Mattos Raphael , da Silva Rhenan Bartels Ferreira , Rezende Rafael Andrade , de Lima Jorge Roberto Perrout 
Published: December 2012

SummaryThe ability of the human organism to recover its autonomic balance soon after physical exercise cessation has an important impact on the individual's health status. Although the dynamics of heart rate recovery after maximal exercise has been studied, little is known about heart rate variability after this type of exercise. The aim of this study is to analyse the dynamics of heart rate and heart rate variability recovery after maximal exercise in healthy young men. Fifteen healthy male subjects (21·7 ± 3·4 years; 24·0 ± 2·1 kg m−2) participated in the study. The experimental protocol consisted of an incremental maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer, until maximal voluntary exhaustion. After the test, recovery R‐R intervals were recorded for 5 min. From the absolute differences between peak heart rate values and the heart rate values at 1 and 5 min of the recovery, the heart rate recovery was calculated. Postexercise heart rate variability was analysed from calculations of the SDNN and RMSSD indexes, in 30‐s windows (SDNN30s and RMSSD30s) throughout recovery. One and 5 min after maximal exercise cessation, the heart rate recovered 34·7 (±6·6) and 75·5 (±6·1) bpm, respectively. With regard to HRV recovery, while the SDNN30s index had a slight increase, RMSSD30s index remained totally suppressed throughout the recovery, suggesting an absence of vagal modulation reactivation and, possibly, a discrete sympathetic withdrawal. Therefore, it is possible that the main mechanism associated with the fall of HR after maximal exercise is sympathetic withdrawal or a vagal tone restoration without vagal modulation recovery.
Alcohol and young people: What the legislation says about access and secondary supply
Authors: Roche Ann M. , Steenson Tania , Andrew Rachel 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIssueThe rationale and potential impact ofAustralia's recent legislative changes regulating secondary supply of alcohol to minors, particularly on private premises.ApproachAn examination of similarities and differences between state and territory liquor licensing legislation regulating secondary supply of alcohol to minors was undertaken.Key FindingsTheNorthernTerritory,NewSouthWales,Queensland,Tasmania andVictoria prohibit supply of alcohol to minors on private premises, except by parents/guardians/authorised persons.NorthernTerritory,Queensland andTasmanian legislation also prescribes that supply must occur responsibly and under supervision. Elsewhere, alcohol supply to minors on private premises is unregulated. These legislative changes reflect the ‘familialisation’ of adolescent drinking.ImplicationsRecent legislative amendments regulating secondary supply on private premises may indicate growing awareness of adolescent alcohol‐related harms and signal a shift in community norms. However, sociocultural factors, misunderstanding and challenges in enforcing the legislation may limit compliance.ConclusionsChanges in secondary supply legislation need effective dissemination as divergence between states and territories may result in confusion about legal responsibilities. A national approach may be warranted to help set community boundaries for young people's drinking.
Reactive oxygen species are generated by the respiratory complex II – evidence for lack of contribution of the reverse electron flow in complex I
Authors: Moreno‐Sánchez Rafael , Hernández‐Esquivel Luz , Rivero‐Segura Nadia A. , Marín‐Hernández Alvaro , Neuzil Jiri , Ralph Stephen J. , Rodríguez‐Enríquez Sara 
Published: December 2012

Succinate‐driven oxidation via complex II (CII) may have a significant contribution towards the high rates of production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria. Here, we show that the CII Q site inhibitor thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA) blocks succinate + rotenone‐driven ROS production, whereas the complex III (CIII) Qo inhibitor stigmatellin has no effect, indicating that CII, not CIII, is the ROS‐producing site. The complex I (CI) inhibitor rotenone partially reduces the ROS production driven by high succinate levels (5 mm), which is commonly interpreted as being due to inhibition of a reverse electron flow from CII to CI. However, experimental evidence presented here contradicts the model of reverse electron flow. First, ROS levels produced using succinate + rotenone were significantly higher than those produced using glutamate + malate + rotenone. Second, in tumor mitochondria, succinate‐driven ROS production was significantly increased (not decreased) by rotenone. Third, in liver mitochondria, rotenone had no effects on succinate‐driven ROS production. Fourth, using isolated heart or hepatoma (AS‐30D) mitochondria, the CII Qp anti‐cancer drug mitochondrially targeted vitamin E succinate (MitoVES) induced elevated ROS production in the presence of low levels of succinate(0.5 mm), but rotenone had no effect. Using sub‐mitochondrial particles, the Cu‐based anti‐cancer drug Casiopeina II‐gly enhanced succinate‐driven ROS production. Thus, the present results are inconsistent with and question the interpretation of reverse electron flow from CII to CI and the rotenone effect on ROS production supported by succinate oxidation. Instead, a thermodynamically more favorable explanation is that, in the absence of CIII or complex IV (CIV) inhibitors (which, when added, facilitate reverse electron flow by inducing accumulation of ubiquinol, the CI product), the CII redox centers are the major source of succinate‐driven ROS production.
Youth, Wars and Violence in West Africa
Authors: Peters Krijn 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBeing plagued for decades by political tension, structural violence and armed conflict, recently the West African coastal region moved a step closer towards political stability and sustainable peace. This article assesses the wars in Guinea‐Bissau, Sierra Leone, Liberia and Cote d’Ivoire and the role of young people in these. It is argued that young people experienced a crisis prior to the conflicts: the patrimonial structured states were no longer able to fulfil their promises towards their clients with young people – at the lowest rungs of the patrimonial ladder – becoming the main victims of this failure. In some cases an additional crisis was experienced: due to a generational asymmetric control over resources – such as a productive and reproductive means and customary law – young people became particularly vulnerable to exploitation by elites who could jeopardize their social transition from youthhood to adulthood. For many of youthful participants in the conflicts, this single or double failure – from the state and the more traditional organised localities – was a driving force in the decision to actively participate in the conflicts, it is argued. Moreover, by joining the militias or armed forces young people entered an alternative structure, in some cases more based on meritocratic than on patrimonial principles, offering opportunities to those who normally would have remained vulnerable to exploitation and marginalisation.
Urban Citizenship, the Right to the City and Politics of Disability in Istanbul
Authors: Bezmez Dikmen 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSince the late 1990s, the ‘urban citizenship’ literature has accentuated the burgeoning potential of the city as host to more democratic interpretations of citizenship. A more recent literature highlighted the ‘local trap’ in such assumptions, arguing that the local cannot exist outside of neoliberalization. This article examines some of the recent institutional transformations in Istanbul's local government and seeks to understand where these might be situated in this discussion. Three institutions dealing with disability are scrutinized with regard to their power dynamics, discourses and practices. The argument is that, although superficially such developments seem to represent some of the tendencies highlighted by the urban citizenship literature (in terms of their scale, timing and appeal to a group previously excluded from modern citizenship), deeper analysis shows that these often promote charity‐ rather than rights‐based approaches. This is because the push factors in the emergence of these institutions are not the urban struggles on the part of the disability community, but rather the ruling party's populism, the impact of supranational agencies and the demands of non‐disabled residents at district level. Each of the three institutions examined is shaped primarily by one factor, leading to differing degrees of charity‐ and rights‐based practices. Arguments concerning the prospects of more democratic interpretations of citizenship at local level need to consider experiences in diverse settings.
Caring for military spouses in primary care
Authors: Padden Diane , Posey Sheena M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPurposeTo provide primary care providers with knowledge of unique challenges faced by military families. By understanding how military families cope with military lifestyle and deployment, providers can be more effective in their care of these patients and offer assistance in optimizing their health.Data sourcesResearch articles, World Wide Web search of resources for military families and Department of Defense documents.ConclusionsMilitary families are faced with many challenges and hardships such as frequent geographic relocations, social isolation, periodic deployments and separations, and risk of injury and death. Unique stressors associated with deployment include assumption of single parent role, altered finances, change in social support from family and friends, and concerns for the safety of the service member. Ineffective coping with stressors can manifest both physically and/or psychologically.Implications for practiceHealthcare providers should routinely inquire about a patient's possible military affiliation. Military spouses need to be assessed for current stress levels and coping behaviors used in order to provide the most appropriate recommendations and referrals. As healthcare providers, understanding the unique demands of the military lifestyle is necessary to provide effective quality care with optimal health outcomes in this population.
The consensus model for regulation of APRNs: Implications for nurse practitioners
Authors: Rounds Linda R. , Zych Jolene J. , Mallary Laura L. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPurpose: To examine the Consensus Model for APRN Regulation as a proposed solution to simplify and unify regulation of advanced nursing practice with respect to licensure, certification, accreditation, and educational standards.Data sources: Policy statements and reports issued by national organizations of nursing professionals and discussion within the scholarly literature provided an overview of regulatory differences among the 50 U.S. states, their impacts on advanced practice registered nurse (APRN) practice, and discussion of the Consensus Model as a potential solution.Conclusions: Major organizations of nursing professionals have endorsed the Consensus Model, indicating the importance of this significant step toward standards and consistent quality in APRN education and practice. Diverse regulatory criteria, such as variable accreditation standards, disparate certification and licensing requirements, inconsistent population foci, and scopes of practice, represent barriers to optimized APRN function within today's complex healthcare system and, ultimately, reduced access to safe, quality care for patients.Implications for practice: The Consensus Model for APRN Regulation promises to unify APRN education, practice, and licensure, promoting greater mobility among nursing professionals. Elimination of inconsistencies in APRN licensure, education, certification, and accreditation requirements will promote greater value and mobility for the APRN within the healthcare system.
Distance from source and fluoride concentrations in municipal water supply
Authors: Rawson Kenneth G. , Ditmyer Marcia M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentrations of fluoride in community water at the point of source, compared to the concentration delivered to various locations within the Las Vegas Valley, to determine if the levels of fluoride change over distance.MethodsTen samples per week over an 8‐week period were taken from four locations, totaling 320 samples. The first location included the water treatment facility where fluoride is added to the municipal water to bring the concentrations to the desired amount. The other locations included three residences at an increasing distance from the source of fluoridation. The 320 samples were submitted for fluoride analysis. Repeated‐measure anova was used to compare the means between the four data points.ResultsThe fluoride concentration data for the four test locations ranged from 0.73 to 0.89 mg/L. Mauchly's test of sphericity revealed no significant difference in the fluoride concentrations in Las Vegas from the point of source to distant locations.ConclusionsThe analysis of the collected data revealed that there was no statistical difference in the fluoride concentration in the Las Vegas municipal water supply from the source to the remote locations, and that distance does not affect fluoride concentration in the Las Vegas Valley municipal water supply.
Alterations in soft tissue levels and aesthetics over a 16–22year period following single implant treatment in periodontally‐healthy patients: a retrospective case series
Authors: Dierens Melissa , de Bruecker Evelyn , Vandeweghe Stefan , Kisch Jëno , de Bruyn Hugo , Cosyn Jan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPurposeLong term studies on single implants are scarce and merely focus on clinical response parameters, complications and bone remodelling. The objective of this retrospective case series was to assess alterations in soft tissue levels and aesthetics over a 16–22 year period in periodontally‐healthy patients.Material and methodsPatients who had received a single turned implant in the anterior maxilla/mandible at the Dental Specialist Clinic in Malmö between 1987 and 1993 were invited for a re‐examination on the basis of a number of inclusion criteria. Both neighbouring teeth had to be present at re‐examination and baseline clinical photographs (within the first year of function) had to be available for soft tissue evaluation. These photographs were superimposed onto final clinical photographs to assess longitudinal soft tissue alterations.ResultsTwenty‐one patients (nine females; mean age 23, range 16–41) treated with 24 single implants met the criteria for soft tissue evaluation. Peri‐implant soft tissue levels (papillae, midfacial level) remained stable over a 16–22 year observation period (p ≥ 0.372). However, neighbouring teeth demonstrated midfacial recession and eruption pointing to a major distortion with the implant crown (> 1 mm) in 5/24 (21%) and 10/24 (42%) of the cases, respectively. Baseline aesthetics was considered poor (mean Pink Esthetic Score 7.42, mean White Esthetic Score 5.43), yet a significant time effect could not be demonstrated (p ≥ 0.552). Implant and tooth bone loss was low (mean 0.6 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively) over a 16–22 year period.ConclusionsThis limited case series demonstrated stable peri‐implant soft tissue levels and aesthetics in the long term following single implant treatment in periodontally‐healthy patients. However, midfacial recession and eruption may be expected at neighbouring teeth.
Atypical panmixia in a European dolphin species (Delphinus delphis): implications for the evolution of diversity across oceanic boundaries
Authors: Moura A. E. , Natoli A. , Rogan E. , Hoelzel A. R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDespite the scarcity of geographical barriers in the ocean environment, delphinid cetaceans often exhibit marked patterns of population structure on a regional scale. The European coastline is a prime example, with species exhibiting population structure across well‐defined environmental boundaries. Here we undertake a comprehensive population genetic study on the European common dolphin (Delphinus delphis, based on 492 samples and 15 loci) and establish that this species shows exceptional panmixia across most of the study range. We found differentiation only between the eastern and western Mediterranean, consistent with earlier studies, and here use approximate Bayesian computations to explore different scenarios to explain the observed pattern. Our results suggest that a recent population bottleneck likely contributed significantly to the differentiation of the Eastern Mediterranean population (in Greek waters). This interpretation is consistent with independent census data that suggest a sharp population decline in the recent past. The implication is that an unperturbed population may currently show panmixia across the full study range. This exception to the more typical pattern of population structure seen for other regional dolphin species (and for common dolphin populations elsewhere in the world) suggests particular ecological or life‐history traits distinct to this species in European waters.