bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uniformly Nanopatterned Graphene Field-Effect Transistors with Enhanced Properties
Authors: Choi Duyoung , Kuru Cihan , Kim Youngjin , Kim Gunwoo , Kim Taekyoung , Chen Renkun , Jin Sungho 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
We have successfully fabricated and characterized highly uniform nanopatterned graphene (NPG). Thin anodized aluminum oxide nanomask was prepared by facile self-assembly technique without using polymer buffer layer, which was utilized as a direct-contact template for oxygen plasma etch to produce near-periodic, small-neck-width NPG. The NPG exhibits a homogeneous mesh structure with an average neck width as small as ~11 nm. The highly uniform 11-nm neck width creates a quantum confinement in NPG, which has led to a record bandgap opening of ~200 meV in graphene for the given level of neck width. Electronic characterization of single-layer NPG field-effect transistors (FETs) was performed, which demonstrated a high on-off switching ratio. We found that the NPG allows for experimental confirmation of the relationship between electrical conductance and bandgap. This work also demonstrates that our direct-contact, self-assembled mask lithography is a pathway for low-cost, high-throughput, large-scale nanomanufacturing of graphene nanodevices.
Tipping the balance between good and evil: aberrant 14-3-3ζ expression drives oncogenic TGF-β signaling in metastatic breast cancers
Authors: Morrison Chevaun D. , Schiemann William P. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTransforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) readily suppresses the development of early-stage breast cancers, an activity that gives way to tumor promotion in their late-stage counterparts. The molecular mechanisms underlying this mysterious switch in TGF-β function remain murky. In addressing this conundrum, Xu et al. observed aberrant 14-3-3ζ expression to prevent the formation of tumor-suppressive Smad2/3:p53 complexes, while simultaneously driving the generation of oncogenic Smad2/3:Gli2 complexes. Once formed, Smad2/3:Gli2 complexes stimulate the expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein necessary for breast cancer metastasis to bone. This viewpoint highlights 14-3-3ζ as an essential driver of oncogenic signaling by Smad2/3 and TGF-β in metastatic breast cancers.
Mammographic density and breast cancer in women from high risk families
Authors: Ramón y Cajal Teresa , Chirivella Isabel , Miranda Josefa , Teule Alexandre , Izquierdo Ángel , Balmaña Judith , Sánchez-Heras Ana Beatriz , Llort Gemma , Fisas David , Lope Virginia , Hernández-Agudo Elena , Juan-Fita María José , Tena Isabel , Robles Luis , Guillén-Ponce Carmen , Pérez-Segura Pedro , Luque-Molina Mari Sol , Hernando-Polo Susana , Salinas Mónica , Brunet Joan , Salas-Trejo María Dolores , Barnadas Agustí , Pollán Marina 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Mammographic density (MD) is one of the strongest determinants of sporadic breast cancer (BC). In this study, we compared MD in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and non-carriers from BRCA1/2 mutation-positive families and investigated the association between MD and BC among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers per type of mutation and tumor subtype.

Methods
The study was carried out in 1039 female members of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation-positive families followed at 16 Spanish Genetic Counseling Units. Participants’ density was scored retrospectively from available mammograms by a single blinded radiologist using a 5-category scale (<10 %, 10-25 %, 25-50 %, 50-75 %, >75 %). In BC cases, we selected mammograms taken prior to diagnosis or from the contralateral breast, whereas, in non-cases, the last screening mammogram was evaluated. MD distribution in carriers and non-carriers was compared using ordinal logistic models, and the association between MD and BC in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers was studied using logistic regression. Huber-White robust estimators of variance were used to take into account correlations between family members. A similar multinomial model was used to explore this association by BC subtype.

Results
We identified and scored mammograms from 341 BRCA1, 350 BRCA2 mutation carriers and 229 non-carriers. Compared to non-carriers, MD was significantly lower among BRCA2 mutation carriers (odds ratio (OR) =0.71; P-value=0.04), but not among BRCA1 carriers (OR=0.84; P-value=0.33). MD was associated with subsequent development BC (OR per category of MD=1.45; 95 % confidence interval=1.18-1.78, P-value<0.001), with no significant differences between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (P-value=0.48). Finally, no statistically significant differences were observed in the association of MD with specific BC subtypes.

Conclusions
Our study, the largest to date on this issue, confirms that MD is an independent risk factor for all BC subtypes in either BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, and should be considered a phenotype risk marker in this context.
The nature of evidence for and against epigenetic inheritance
Authors: Nadeau Joseph H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractNot so fast. The Iqbal et. al. study and the associated Whitelaw commentary highlight the appropriately high standards of study design and interpretation needed to obtain good evidence for or against epigenetic inheritance.Please see related article: www.dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0714-1
Response to: the nature of evidence for and against epigenetic inheritance
Authors: Szabó Piroska E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe thank Dr. Nadeau for his interest in our work. Dr. Nadeau has raised concerns about the experimental approach (mouse strains, route of administration, lack of phenotypic assessment) and about the validity of our conclusions. We will respond to each of these concerns point-by point.Please see related article: www.dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0709-y
An iterative algorithm for hierarchical fixed point problems for a finite family of nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Bnouhachem Abdellah , Ansari Qamrul Hasan , Yao Jen-Chih 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper aims to deal with an iterative algorithm for hierarchical fixed point problems for a finite family of nonexpansive mappings in the setting of real Hilbert spaces. We establish the strong convergence of the proposed method under some suitable conditions. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed method and convergence result. The algorithm and result presented in this paper extend and improve some well-known algorithm and results, respectively, in the literature.
The study of fixed points for multivalued mappings in a Menger probabilistic metric space endowed with a graph
Authors: Argoubi Hajer , Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem 
Published: July 2015

AbstractWe study the existence of fixed points for multivalued mappings $f: S \to S$
f
:
S
→
S
, where $(S,F,T)$
(
S
,
F
,
T
)
is a complete Menger PM-space with a t-norm of H-type T and S is endowed with a directed graph $G=(V(G),E(G))$
G
=
(
V
(
G
)
,
E
(
G
)
)
such that $V(G)=S$
V
(
G
)
=
S
and $\Delta= \{ (x,x): x \in S \} \subset E(G)$
Δ
=
{
(
x
,
x
)
:
x
∈
S
}
⊂
E
(
G
)
. The obtained results recover several existing fixed point theorems from the literature. As applications, we obtain a convergence result of successive approximations for certain nonlinear operators defined on a complete metric space. This last result allows us to establish a Kelisky-Rivlin type result for a class of modified q-Bernstein operators on the space $C([0,1])$
C
(
[
0
,
1
]
)
.
Moonshine
Authors: Duncan John FR , Griffin Michael J , Ono Ken 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMonstrous moonshinerelates distinguished modular functions to the representation theory of the Monster "Image missing". The celebrated observations that$$ 1=1,\ \ \ 196884=1+196883,\ \ \ 21493760=1+196883+21296876,\ \ \ \dots\dots (*)$$1=1,196884=1+196883,21493760=1+196883+21296876,……(*)illustrate the case ofJ(τ)=j(τ)−744, whose coefficients turn out to be sums of the dimensions of the 194 irreducible representations of "Image missing". Such formulas are dictated by the structure of the graded monstrous moonshine modules. Recent works in moonshine suggest deep relations between number theory and physics. Number theoretic Kloosterman sums have reappeared in quantum gravity, and mock modular forms have emerged as candidates for the computation of black hole degeneracies. This paper is a survey of past and present research on moonshine. We also compute the quantum dimensions of the monster orbifold and obtain exact formulas for the multiplicities of the irreducible components of the moonshine modules. These formulas imply that such multiplicities are asymptotically proportional to dimensions. For example, the proportion of 1’s in (*) tends to$$\frac{\dim(\chi_{1})}{\sum_{i=1}^{194}\dim(\chi_{i})}=\frac{1}{5844076785304502808013602136}=1.711\ldots \times 10^{-28}. $$dim(χ1)∑i=1194dim(χi)=15844076785304502808013602136=1.711…×10−28.2010 Mathematics Subject Classification:11F11; 11 F22; 11F37; 11F50; 20C34; 20C35
A Cys-Gly-Cys triad in the dehydrogenase region of Nox2 plays a key role in the interaction with p67phox
Authors: Dahan Iris , Smith Susan M E , Pick Edgar 
Published: July 2015

Abstractp67phox is the paramount cytosolic regulator of the superoxide-generating Nox of phagocytes, by controlling the conformation of the catalytic component, Nox2. The initiating event of this process is a protein–protein interaction between p67phox and the part of Nox2 protruding into the cytosol, known as the dehydrogenase region. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize region(s) in Nox2 acting as binding site(s) for p67phox. For this purpose, we measured the binding of recombinant p67phox to an array of 91 overlapping synthetic pentadecapeptides covering the length of the dehydrogenase region (residues 288–570). We found that: 1) p67phox binds to a site corresponding to residues 357–383, represented by a cluster of 5 peptides (Nos. 24–28); 2) maximal binding was to peptides 24 (357–371) and 28 (369–383); 3) these shared a 369Cys-Gly-Cys371 triad, found to be responsible for binding; 4) the Cys-Gly-Cys triad was present in Nox2 of mammals, birds, and amphibians but was absent in other Nox; 5) substituting a Nox4 or Nox1 sequence for the Nox2 sequence in peptide 24 abolished binding; 6) replacing 369Cys by Arg in peptide 24 (mimicking a mutation in chronic granulomatous disease) abolished binding; 7) the same replacement in peptide 28 did not affect binding, indicating the existence of an additional binding site. Our results reveal an essential role for the Cys-Gly-Cys triad in Nox2 in binding p67phox, seconded by an additional binding region, comprising residues C terminal to Cys-Gly-Cys. The 2 regions interact with distinct partner sites in p67phox.
Neutrophils in viral infections: Current concepts and caveats
Authors: Galani Ioanna E , Andreakos Evangelos 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Neutrophils are the first immune cell population recruited to sites of infection, including viral infections, and exhibit both protective and pathologic functions. In antibacterial and antifungal immunity, the role of neutrophils is well defined. However, in antiviral immunity, much less is known. Conventional wisdom suggests that neutrophils enhance antiviral defenses, yet evidence for that is limited. Interaction with other immune cell populations, virus internalization and killing, the release of cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial components are all mechanisms by which neutrophils can contribute to pathogen clearance. NET formation, extensively studied during bacterial infection, can further mediate antiviral defense by trapping and inactivating virus. In the present review, we discuss the current understanding of the complex role of neutrophil immunity in viral infections and disease pathogenesis and the potential mechanisms identified to date. We pinpoint the importance of a finely tuned neutrophilic response for achieving effective immune protection while avoiding detrimental tissue damage that can form the basis for the development of novel therapeutics.
Replication and contradiction of highly cited research papers in
psychiatry: 10-year follow-up
Authors: Tajika Aran , Ogawa Yusuke , Takeshima Nozomi , Hayasaka Yu , Furukawa Toshi A. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundContradictions and initial overestimates are not unusual among highly
cited studies. However, this issue has not been researched in
psychiatry.AimsTo assess how highly cited studies in psychiatry are replicated by
subsequent studies.MethodWe selected highly cited studies claiming effective psychiatric
treatments in the years 2000 through 2002. For each of these studies we
searched for subsequent studies with a better-controlled design, or with
a similar design but a larger sample.ResultsAmong 83 articles recommending effective interventions, 40 had not been
subject to any attempt at replication, 16 were contradicted, 11 were
found to have substantially smaller effects and only 16 were replicated.
The standardised mean differences of the initial studies were
overestimated by 132%. Studies with a total sample size of 100 or more
tended to produce replicable results.ConclusionsCaution is needed when a study with a small sample size reports a large
effect.
Excess cause-specific mortality in in-patient-treated
individuals with personality disorder: 25-year nationwide population-based
study
Authors: Björkenstam Emma , Björkenstam Charlotte , Holm Herman , Gerdin Bengt , Ekselius Lisa 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundAlthough personality disorders are associated with increased overall
mortality, less is known about cause of death and personality type.AimsTo determine causes of mortality in ICD personality disorders.MethodBased on data from Swedish nationwide registers, individuals admitted to
hospital with a primary diagnosis of personality disorder between 1987
and 2011 were followed with respect to mortality until 31 December 2011.
Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% confidence intervals and
underlying causes of death were calculated.ResultsAll-cause SMRs were increased, overall and in all clusters, for natural
as well as unnatural causes of death. The overall SMR was 6.1 in women
and 5.0 in men, as high as previously reported for anorexia nervosa, with
higher rates in cluster B and mixed/other personality disorders. The SMR
for suicide was 34.5 in women and 16.0 in men for cluster B disorders.
Somatic and psychiatric comorbidity increased SMRs.ConclusionsThe SMR was substantially increased for all personality disorder
clusters. Thus, there was an increased premature mortality risk for all
personality disorders, irrespective of category.
Crisis and World Temporality: The Post-Fukushima Binary of the Everyday
Authors: Odagiri Takushi 
Published: July 2015

Various elements of the everyday have been suspended, interrogated, and redefined in the estranged experience of the crisis that occurred in Japan shortly after March 2011. This complex transformation of quotidian consciousness gives renewed meaning to Miki Kiyoshi's philosophy of history, especially his interrogations of human temporality in the 1930s. Miki's idea of the binary of genzai (the present) and gendai (the modern) that he developed during wartime resembles the duality of everyday experience in the postearthquake nuclear crisis of the current century. Simultaneously, this recognition of the binary gives the biosemiological notion Umwelt (Uexküll) a new definition. Namely, despite the modern's tendency to quantify its temporality, human Umwelt retained its singularity of the present in these circumstances.
Another similarity between these two historical circumstances is awareness of world temporality and its presumed universality. The publication of Karatani Kōjin's Reading “The Structure of World History” (2011), which is his self-commentaries on The Structure of World History (2010), signals an elevated awareness of world history in the current century. It is possible to compare this contemporary discourse on world history to the wartime debates on world history: The Standpoint of World History and Japan (1943). However, contrary to Miki's in-depth examinations of the quotidian, neither Structure nor Standpoint shows analogous commitments to their respective everyday.
Miki's binary of everydayness remains self-contradictory between the singularity of the quotidian and the universal of world temporality without collapsing to one or the other. Since this binary essentially characterizes his philosophical anthropology (ningengaku), his thought involves the redefinition of the idea of the human, the concept that fundamentally characterizes present civilizations.
Suppressing β3-integrin triggers a neuropilin-1 dependent change in focal adhesion remodelling that can be targeted to block pathological angiogenesis
Authors: Ellison Tim S. , Atkinson Samuel J. , Steri Veronica , Kirkup Benjamin M. , Preedy Michael E. J. , Johnson Robert T. , Ruhrberg Christiana , Edwards Dylan R. , Schneider Jochen G. , Weilbaecher Katherine , Robinson Stephen D. 
Published: July 2015

Anti-angiogenic treatments against αvβ3-integrin fail to block tumour growth in the long term, which suggests tumour vascular escape through αvβ3-integrin-independent mechanisms. Here, we show that suppression of β3-integrin leads to the activation of a neuropilin-1 (NRP1) dependent cell migration pathway in endothelial cells via a mechanism that depends on NRP1's mobilisation away from mature focal adhesions following VEGF-stimulation. The simultaneous genetic targeting of both molecules significantly impairs paxillin-1 activation and focal adhesion remodelling in endothelial cells and therefore inhibits tumour angiogenesis and the growth of already established tumours. These findings provide a firm foundation for testing drugs against these molecules in combination to treat patients with advanced cancers.
Tar-free and Benzo[a]pyrene-free Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Bamboo and Antibacterial Property of Recovered Vinegar
Authors: Yamashiro Keisaku , Ariffin Hidayah , Nishida Haruo 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Bamboo, which was treated using superheated steam controlled at a low temperature range, gave tar-free and benzo[a]pyrene-free vinegar. The vinegar’s selective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus concerned with the atopic dermatitis and Bacillus cereus causing food poisoning in humans was confirmed, while no effect was found against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis as being indigenous bacteria in natural environments.
Selective Halogenation of C–H Bonds on Porphyrin Rings Using NaX/H2O2
Authors: Tian Mi , Chen Shi , Sheng Wenbing , Huang Hui , Guo Cancheng 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The selective oxidative halogenation of C–H bonds on porphyrins by halides/H2O2 is achieved. Different activities are observed for the three types of aromatic C–H bonds on porphyrin ring: meso-H is halogenated preferentially, the β-H could be substituted by Br or I, whereas benzo-C–H bonds remain intact. The reaction proceeds smoothly in a pseudo heterogeneous system and provides an alternative eco-friendly and efficient protocol for the synthesis of haloporphyrins.
Chemically Hazardous Emissions into the Atmosphere Due to Technogenic Accidents at Ukraine Facilities
Authors: Кустов  , Kustov M. 
Published: July 2015

The paper considers the qualitative and quantitative composition of the lower troposphere and the main pollutants under
normal conditions, and in the event of industrial accidents. It identifies the main chemically hazardous substances released
into the atmosphere during depressurization of production machinery without subsequent burning sand inventories of such
substances on the enterprises of Ukraine. The paper also analyzes the combustion products composition of main classes
of flammable substances. On the basis of the analysis the combustion products’ hazard level is defined, as well as their
quantitative composition; hence relying on this analysis major hazardous substances released into the atmosphere during
fires are identified.
International media spotlight on the Amazon roams, but rarely enlightens
Authors: Tollefson Jeff 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The international media has played a powerful role by highlighting problems in the Brazilian Amazon, projecting the views of scientists and activists and projecting data from Brazil’s satellite monitoring program to throughout society. Journalists have also told powerful stories about violence and corruption and put pressure on both the Brazilian government and the agribusiness industry. But very few have attempted to explain the forces at work in the Brazilian Amazon today, despite the fact that the drop in deforestation, if sustained, would represent perhaps a singular environmental success story that could have repercussions across the world. If the goal of the media is to seek and promote understanding in the midst of confusion and debate, journalists must engage on a deeper level.
CDS, UX, and System Redesign – Promising Techniques and Tools to Bridge the
Evidence Gap
Authors: McGinn Thomas 
Published: July 2015

Introduction: In this special issue of eGEMs, we explore the struggles related to
bringing evidence into day-to-day practice, what I define as the “evidence gap.” We are
all aware of high quality evidence in the form of guidelines, randomized clinical trials
for treatments and diagnostic tests, and clinical prediction rules, which are all
readily available online. We also know that electronic health records (EHRs) are now
ubiquitous in health care and in most practices across the country. How we marry this
high quality evidence and the practice of medicine through effective decision support is
a major challenge.About the Issue: All of the articles in this issue explore, in some
fashion, CDS systems and how we can best bring providers and their work environment to
the evidence. We are at the very early stages of the science of usability. Much more
research and funding is needed in this area if we hope to improve the dissemination and
implementation of evidence in practice. While the featured examples, techniques, and
tools in the special issue are a promising start to improving usability and CDS, many of
the papers highlight current gaps in knowledge and a great need for generalizable
approaches. The great promise is for “learning” approaches to generate new evidence and
to integrate this evidence in reliable, patient-centered ways at scale using new
technology. Closing the evidence gap is a real possibility, but only if the community
works together to innovate and invest in research on the best ways to disseminate,
communicate, and implement evidence in practice.
Why Dose Frequency Affects Spoken Vocabulary in Preschoolers With Down Syndrome
Authors: Yoder Paul J. , Woynaroski Tiffany , Fey Marc E. , Warren Steven F. , Gardner Elizabeth 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In an earlier randomized clinical trial, daily communication and language therapy resulted in more favorable spoken vocabulary outcomes than weekly therapy sessions in a subgroup of initially nonverbal preschoolers with intellectual disabilities that included only children with Down syndrome (DS). In this reanalysis of the dataset involving only the participants with DS, we found that more therapy led to larger spoken vocabularies at posttreatment because it increased children’s canonical syllabic communication and receptive vocabulary growth early in the treatment phase.