bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arctic Ocean Heat Impact on Regional Ice Decay: A Suggested Positive Feedback
Authors: Ivanov Vladimir , Alexeev Vladimir , Koldunov Nikolay V. , Repina Irina , Sandø Anne Britt , Smedsrud Lars Henrik , Smirnov Alexander 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBroad, long-living, ice-free areas in midwinter northeast of Svalbard between 2011 and 2014 are investigated. The formation of these persistent and reemerging anomalies is linked, hypothetically, with the increased seasonality of Arctic sea ice cover, enabling an enhanced influence of oceanic heat on sea ice and, in particular, heat transported by Atlantic Water. The “memory” of ice-depleted conditions in summer is transferred to the fall season through excess heat content in the upper mixed layer, which in turn transfers to midwinter via thinner and younger ice. This thinner ice is more fragile and mobile, thus facilitating the formation of polynyas and leads. When openings in ice cover form along the Atlantic Water pathway, weak density stratification at the mixed layer base supports the development of thermohaline convection, which further entrains warm and salty water from deeper layers. Convection-induced upward heat flux from the Atlantic layer retards ice formation, either keeping ice thickness low or blocking ice formation entirely. Certain stages of this chain of events have been examined in a region north of Svalbard and Franz Joseph Land, between 80° and 83°N and 15° and 60°E, where the top hundred meters of Atlantic inflow through the Fram Strait cools and freshens rapidly. Complementary research methods, including statistical analyses of observations and numerical modeling, are used to support the basic concept that the recently observed retreat of sea ice northeast of Svalbard in winter may be explained by a positive feedback between summer ice decay and the growing influence of oceanic heat on a seasonal time scale.
A Revised Real-Time Multivariate MJO Index
Authors: Liu Ping , Zhang Qin , Zhang Chidong , Zhu Yuejian , Khairoutdinov Marat , Kim Hye-Mi , Schumacher Courtney , Zhang Minghua 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This study investigates why OLR plays a small role in the Real-time Multivariate (Madden–Julian oscillation) MJO (RMM) index and how to improve it. The RMM index consists of the first two leading principal components (PCs) of a covariance matrix, which is constructed by combined daily anomalies of OLR and zonal winds at 850 (U850) and 200 hPa (U200) in the tropics after being normalized with their globally averaged standard deviations of 15.3 W m−2, 1.8 m s−1, and 4.9 m s−1, respectively. This covariance matrix is reasoned mathematically close to a correlation matrix. Both matrices substantially suppress the overall contribution of OLR and make the index more dynamical and nearly transparent to the convective initiation of the MJO. A covariance matrix that does not use normalized anomalies leads to the other extreme where OLR plays a dominant role while U850 and U200 are minor. Numerous tests indicate that a simple scaling of the anomalies (i.e., 2 W m−2, 1 m s−1, and 1 m s−1) can better balance the roles of OLR and winds. The revised PCs substantially enhance OLR over the eastern Indian and western Pacific Oceans and change it less notably in other locations, while they reduce U850 and U200 only slightly. Comparisons with the original RMM in spatial structure, power spectra, and standard deviation demonstrate improvements of the revised RMM index.
Importance of Latent Heating in Mesocyclones for the Decay of Cold Air Outbreaks: A Numerical Process Study from the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Papritz Lukas , Pfahl Stephan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this study the dynamical mechanisms shaping the evolution of a marine cold air outbreak (CAO) that occurred over the Ross, Amundsen, and Bellingshausen Seas in June 2010 are investigated in an isentropic framework. The drainage of cold air from West Antarctica into the interior Ross Sea, its subsequent export, and the formation of a dome of cold air off the sea ice edge are shown to be intimately linked to a lower-tropospheric cyclone, as well as the cyclonic breaking of an upper-level potential vorticity trough. The dome formation is accompanied by an extreme deepening of the boundary layer, whose top reaches to the height of the low-lying tropopause within the trough, potentially allowing for deep stratosphere–troposphere exchange. A crucial finding of this study is that the decay of the CAO is essentially driven by the circulation associated with a train of mesocyclones and the release of latent heat in their warm sectors. Sensitivity experiments with switched off fluxes of sensible and latent heat reveal that the erosion of the CAO air mass depends critically on the moistening by latent heat fluxes, whereby the synergistic effects of sensible heat fluxes and moist processes amplify the erosion. Within the CAO air mass, the erosion is inhibited by cloud-top radiative cooling and the dissolution of clouds by the entrainment of dryer air. These findings potentially have implications for the representation of CAOs in coarse-resolution climate models.
Assessing Cognitive Distraction in the Automobile
Authors: Strayer David L. , Turrill Jonna , Cooper Joel M. , Coleman James R. , Medeiros-Ward Nathan , Biondi Francesco 
Published: November 2015

Objective: The objective was to establish a systematic framework for measuring and understanding cognitive distraction in the automobile. Background: Driver distraction from secondary in-vehicle activities is increasingly recognized as a significant source of injuries and fatalities on the roadway. Method: Across three studies, participants completed eight in-vehicle tasks commonly performed by the driver of an automobile. Primary, secondary, subjective, and physiological measures were collected and integrated into a cognitive distraction scale. Results: In-vehicle activities, such as listening to the radio or an audio book, were associated with a low level of cognitive workload; the conversation activities of talking to a passenger in the vehicle or conversing with a friend on a handheld or hands-free cell phone were associated with a moderate level of cognitive workload; and using a speech-to-text interfaced e-mail system involved a high level of cognitive workload. Conclusion: The research established that there are significant impairments to driving that stem from the diversion of attention from the task of operating a motor vehicle and that the impairments to driving are directly related to the cognitive workload of these in-vehicle activities. Moreover, the adoption of voice-based systems in the vehicle may have unintended consequences that adversely affect traffic safety. Application: These findings can be used to help inform scientifically based policies on driver distraction, particularly as they relate to cognitive distraction stemming from the diversion of attention to other concurrent activities in the vehicle.
A Systematic Review of Non‐Echo Planar Diffusion‐Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Detection of Primary and Postoperative Cholesteatoma
Authors: van Egmond Sylvia L. , Stegeman Inge , Grolman Wilko , Aarts Mark C. J. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of non–echo planar diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW‐MRI) for primary and recurrent/residual (postoperative) cholesteatoma in adults (≥18 years) after canal wall up surgery.Data SourcesWe conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane up to October 22, 2014.Review methodsAll studies investigating non–echo planar DW‐MRI for primary and postoperative cholesteatoma were selected and critically appraised for relevance and validity.ResultsIn total, 779 unique articles were identified, of which 23 articles were included for critical appraisal. Seven articles met our criteria for relevance and validity for postoperative cholesteatoma. Four studies were additionally included for subgroup analysis of primary cases only. Ranges of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value yielded 43%‐92%, 58%‐100%, 50%‐100% and 64%‐100%, respectively. Results for primary subgroup analysis were 83%‐100%, 50%‐100%, 85%‐100%, and 50%‐100%, respectively. Results for subgroup analysis for only postoperative cases yielded 80%‐82%, 90%‐100%, 96%‐100%, 64%‐85%, respectively. Despite a higher prevalence of cholesteatoma in the primary cases, there was no clinical difference in added value of DW‐MRI between primary and postoperative cases.ConclusionWe found a high predictive value of non–echo planar DW‐MRI for the detection of primary and postoperative cholesteatoma. Given the moderate quality of evidence, we strongly recommend both the use of non‐echo planar DW‐MRI scans for the follow‐up after cholesteatoma surgery, and when the correct diagnosis is questioned in primary preoperative cases.
Tobacco Use Is Associated With Increased Complications After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Cancienne Jourdan M. , Gwathmey F. Winston , Miller Mark D. , Werner Brian C. 
Published: November 2015

Background: The use of tobacco is a well-established cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. There have been few studies examining the effect of tobacco use on outcomes and complications after arthroscopic knee procedures such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Purpose: To investigate the relationship between tobacco use and rates of postoperative infection, venous thromboembolism (VTE), arthrofibrosis, and subsequent ACL reconstruction after primary ACL reconstruction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A national insurance database was queried for patients who underwent arthroscopic-assisted ACL reconstruction using Current Procedural Terminology code 29888. Patients underage for tobacco use in all regions of the United States (age <20 years), those with prior ACL reconstruction, and those with the following concomitant procedures were excluded: open cruciate or collateral ligament reconstruction, open or arthroscopic cartilage procedures, patellar stabilization, extra-articular ligamentous reconstruction, and posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Tobacco use and non–tobacco use cohorts were queried using International Classification of Diseases–9th Revision coding. The non–tobacco use patients were then matched to the patients with coded tobacco use by age, sex, obesity, diabetes, meniscal repair, and meniscectomy. Complications within 90 days postoperatively were assessed for both cohorts, including infection, VTE, arthrofibrosis, and subsequent ipsilateral or contralateral ACL reconstruction after the index procedure. Results: A total of 13,358 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction met inclusion and exclusion criteria, including 1659 patients with documented tobacco use and 11,699 matched controls. The incidence of infection was significantly higher in patients who use tobacco (2.0%) versus matched controls (0.9%; odds ratio [OR], 2.3; P < .0001). The rate of VTE was also significantly higher in patients who use tobacco (1.0%) compared with matched controls (0.5%; OR, 1.9; P = .035). The rate of subsequent ACL reconstruction was significantly higher in the tobacco use cohort (12.6%) compared with matched controls (7.8%; OR, 1.7; P < .0001). There was no significant difference in the rate of postoperative stiffness after ACL reconstruction between patients who use tobacco (2.0%) and matched controls (2.3%; OR, 0.9; P = .656). Conclusion: ACL reconstruction in patients who use tobacco is associated with significantly increased rates of infection, VTE, and subsequent ACL reconstruction compared with controls. There was no association between tobacco use and postoperative arthrofibrosis after primary ACL reconstruction.
Visfatin: New marker of oxidative stress in preterm newborns
Authors: Marseglia Lucia , D’Angelo Gabriella , Manti Marta , Aversa Salvatore , Fiamingo Chiara , Arrigo Teresa , Barberi Ignazio , Mamì Carmelo , Gitto Eloisa 
Published: November 2015

Background: Oxidative stress is involved in several neonatal conditions characterized by an upregulation in the production of oxidative or nitrative free radicals and a concomitant decrease in the availability of antioxidant species. Oxygen, which is obviously vital to survival, can be highly damaging to neonatal tissue which is known to be poorly equipped to neutralize toxic derivatives. Thus, exposure of the newborn infant to high oxygen concentrations during resuscitation at birth increases oxidative damage. Visfatin is an adipocytokine involved in oxidative stress and an important mediator of inflammation that induces dose-dependent production of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. To our knowledge, the diagnostic value of visfatin as a marker of oxidative stress in preterm newborns has not been investigated. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate visfatin levels in preterm neonates resuscitated with different concentrations of oxygen in the delivery room. Patients: Fifty-two preterm newborns with gestational age less than 32 weeks, resuscitated randomly with different oxygen concentrations (40%, 60%, or 100%) were enrolled at the University Hospital of Messina, over a 12-month period to evaluate serum visfatin levels at T0 (within 1 h after birth), T24 h, T72 h, and T168 h of life. Results: At T72 h and T168 h, higher serum visfatin values in the high-oxygen group compared to the low- and mild-oxygen subjects ( P = 0.002 and P <0.001, respectively) were noted. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that visfatin could be a new marker of oxidative stress in preterm newborns.
RETRACTED: Women’s Preference for Attractive Makeup Tracks Changes in Their Salivary Testosterone
Authors: Fisher Claire I. , Hahn Amanda C. , DeBruine Lisa M. , Jones Benedict C. 
Published: November 2015

At the request of the authors, the following article has been retracted by the Editor and publishers of Psychological Science: Fisher, C. I., Hahn, A. C., DeBruine, L. M., & Jones, B. C. (2015). Women’s preference for attractive makeup tracks changes in their salivary testosterone. Psychological Science, 26, 1958–1964. doi:10.1177/0956797615609900
Cultural objects in a transforming world
Authors: Beckstead Zachary 
Published: November 2015

Individuals and groups exist in tension between the present ( as-is) based on the past ( as-was) and the future ( as-could-be). As with individuals, the fate and trajectory of groups are uncertain, tenuous and open to constant change since they are open-systems relating to their environment. In spite of the open and flexible nature of groups, they are also quasi-stable systems that need to maintain their steady-state. Individuals, scholars and non-scholars, may ask what organizes, maintain the bonds, ties, relationships necessary for social and communal life—for ethnic, religious and other groups to persist, proliferate and to proverbially “live another day?” This article looks at the arhuaca community and the act of knitting the mochila that was discussed in Rodriguez-Burgos et al.’s recent article. The fluid and dynamic nature of groups is postulated and explored through the theoretical approach in sociology that has been called Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and serves as a framework for understanding the issues of change and maintenance of groups and the role material things like the mochila play in this dynamic and unfolding process. I conclude that things—tangible artifacts—are important facets of the psyche because they are both nodes in complicated networks (made up of human and non-human actors) and instantiated networks themselves. Things stabilize relationships and “transmit” culture without becoming static entities themselves.
The hidden burden of adult allergic rhinitis: UK healthcare resource utilisation survey
Authors: Price David , Scadding Glenis , Ryan Dermot , Bachert Claus , Canonica G. Walter , Mullol Joaquim , Klimek Ludger , Pitman Richard , Acaster Sarah , Murray Ruth , Bousquet Jean 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe affliction of allergic rhinitis (AR) has been trivialised in the past. Recent initiatives by the European Academy of Allergy & Clinical Immunology and by the EU parliament seek to rectify that situation. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive picture of the burden and unmet need of AR patients.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional, online, questionnaire‐based study (June–July 2011) including symptomatic seasonal AR (SAR) patients (≥18 years) from a panel. SAR episode pattern, severity, medication/co‐medication usage, residual symptoms on treatment, number of healthcare visits, absenteeism and presenteeism were collected.ResultsOne thousand patients were recruited (mild: n = 254; moderate/severe: n = 746). Patients with moderate/severe disease had significantly more symptomatic episodes/year (8.0 vs 6.0/year; p = 0.025) with longer episode‐duration (12.5 vs 9.8 days; p = 0.0041) and more commonly used ≥2 AR therapies (70.5 vs 56.1 %; OR 1.87; p = 0.0001), looking for better and faster nasal and ocular symptom relief. The reported symptom burden was high irrespective of treatment, and significantly (p < 0.0001) higher in the moderate/severe group. Patients with moderate/severe AR were more likely to visit their GP (1.61 vs 1.19 times/year; OR: 1.49; p = 0.0061); due to dissatisfaction with therapy in 35.4 % of cases. Patients reported SAR‐related absenteeism from work on 4.1 days/year (total cost to UK: £1.25 billion/year) and noted presenteeism for a mean of 37.7 days/year (vs 21.0 days/year; OR 1.71; p = 0.0048). Asthma co‐morbid patients reported the need to increase their reliever‐ (1 in 2 patients) and controller‐medication (1 in 5 patients) if they did not take their rhinitis medication.ConclusionsThis study differentiated between patients with mild and moderate/severe AR, demonstrating a burden of poorly controlled symptoms and high co‐medication use. The deficiency in obtaining symptom control with what are currently considered firstline treatments suggests the need for a novel therapeutic approach.
Phase II Study of Allogeneic Transplantation for Older Patients With Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Complete Remission Using a Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Regimen: Results From Cancer and Leukemia Group B 100103 (Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology)/Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trial Network 0502
Authors: Devine Steven M. , Owzar Kouros , Blum William , Mulkey Flora , Stone Richard M. , Hsu Jack W. , Champlin Richard E. , Chen Yi-Bin , Vij Ravi , Slack James , Soiffer Robert J. , Larson Richard A. , Shea Thomas C. , Hars Vera , Sibley Alexander B. , Giralt Sergio , Carter Shelly , Horowitz Mary M. , Linker Charles , Alyea Edwin P. 
Published: November 2015

PurposeLong-term survival rates for older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are extremely low. Previous observational studies suggest that allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) may improve overall survival (OS) because of lower rates of relapse. We sought to prospectively determine the value of HSCT for older patients with AML in first complete remission.Patients and MethodsWe conducted a prospective multicenter phase II study to assess the efficacy of reduced-intensity conditioning HSCT for patients between the ages of 60 and 74 years with AML in first complete remission. The primary end point was disease-free survival at 2 years after HSCT. Secondary end points included nonrelapse mortality (NRM), graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), relapse, and OS.ResultsIn all, 114 patients with a median age of 65 years received transplantations. The majority (52%) received transplantations from unrelated donors and were given antithymocyte globulin for GVHD prophylaxis. Disease-free survival and OS at 2 years after transplantation were 42% (95% CI, 33% to 52%) and 48% (95% CI, 39% to 58%), respectively, for the entire group and 40% (95% CI, 29% to 55%) and 50% (95% CI, 38% to 64%) for the unrelated donor group. NRM at 2 years was 15% (95% CI, 8% to 21%). Grade 2 to 4 acute GVHD occurred in 9.6% (95% CI, 4% to 15%) of patients, and chronic GVHD occurred in 28% (95% CI, 19% to 36%) of patients. The cumulative incidence of relapse at 2 years was 44% (95% CI, 35% to 53%).ConclusionReduced-intensity conditioning HSCT to maintain remission in selected older patients with AML is relatively well tolerated and appears to provide superior outcomes when compared with historical patients treated without HSCT. GVHD and NRM rates were lower than expected. Future transplantation studies in these patients should focus on further reducing the risk of relapse.
Adjuvant Imatinib for High-Risk GI Stromal Tumor: Analysis of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Joensuu Heikki , Eriksson Mikael , Sundby Hall Kirsten , Reichardt Annette , Hartmann Jörg T. , Pink Daniel , Ramadori Giuliano , Hohenberger Peter , Al-Batran Salah-Eddin , Schlemmer Marcus , Bauer Sebastian , Wardelmann Eva , Nilsson Bengt , Sihto Harri , Bono Petri , Kallio Raija , Junnila Jouni , Alvegård Thor , Reichardt Peter 
Published: November 2015

Purpose Three years of adjuvant imatinib therapy are recommended for patients with GI stromal tumor (GIST) with high-risk features, according to survival findings in the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group XVIII/AIO (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie) trial. To investigate whether the survival benefits have persisted, we performed the second planned analysis of the trial. Patients and Methods Eligible patients had macroscopically completely excised, KIT-positive GIST with a high risk of recurrence, as determined by using the modified National Institutes of Health criteria. After surgery, the patients were randomly assigned to receive imatinib for either 1 or 3 years. The primary objective was recurrence-free survival (RFS), and the secondary objectives included survival. Results A total of 400 patients were entered onto this open-label study between February 4, 2004, and September 29, 2008. During a median follow-up of 90 months, 171 recurrences and 69 deaths were detected. Patients assigned to the 3-year group had longer RFS than those assigned to the 1- year group; 5-year RFS was 71.1% versus 52.3%, respectively (hazard ratio [HR], 0.60; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.81; P < .001), and survival was 91.9% versus 85.3% (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.97; P = .036). Patients in the 3-year group survived longer in the subset with centrally confirmed GIST and without macroscopic metastases at study entry (93.4% v 86.8%; HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.30 to 0.93; P = .024). Similar numbers of cardiac events and second cancers were recorded in the groups. Conclusion Three years of adjuvant imatinib therapy results in longer survival than 1 year of imatinib. High 5-year survival rates are achievable in patient populations with high-risk GIST.