bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Leaf‐Like Copper–Zinc Alloy Enables Dendrite‐Free Zinc Anode for Ultra‐Long Life Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Huang Wenting , Huang Yongfeng , Huang Xudong , Shao Fei , Liu Wenbao , Kang Feiyu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetallic zinc exhibits immense potential as an anode material for aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries due to its high theoretical capacity, low redox potential, and inherent safety. However, practical applications are hindered by dendrite formation and poor cycling stability. Herein, a facile substitution reaction method is presented to fabricate a 3D leaf‐like Cu@Zn composite anode. This unique architecture, featuring a 3D network of leaf‐like Cu on a Zn foil surface, significantly reduces nucleation overpotential and facilitates uniform Zn plating/stripping, effectively suppressing dendrite growth. Notably, an alloy layer of CuZn5 forms in situ on the 3D Cu layer during cycling. DFT calculations reveal that this CuZn5 alloy possesses a lower Zn binding energy compared to both Cu and Zn metal, further promoting Zn plating/stripping and enhancing electrochemical kinetics. Consequently, the symmetric Cu@Zn electrode exhibits remarkable cycling stability, surpassing 1300 h at 0.5 mA cm−2 with negligible dendrite formation. Furthermore, full cells comprising Cu@Zn||VO2 exhibit superior capacity and rate performance compared to bare Zn anodes. This work provides a promising strategy for constructing highly stable and efficient Zn anodes for next‐generation aqueous zinc batteries.
Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs): Classification, Synthesis, Modification, and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wang Dayang , Yao Huanchen , Ye Jiashuo , Gao Yan , Cong Hailin , Yu Bing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMetal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are a new variety of solid crystalline porous functional materials. As an extension of inorganic porous materials, it has made important progress in preparation and application. MOFs are widely used in various fields such as gas adsorption storage, drug delivery, sensing, and biological imaging due to their high specific surface area, porosity, adjustable pore size, abundant active sites, and functional modification by introducing groups. In this paper, the types of MOFs are classified, and the synthesis methods and functional modification mechanisms of MOFs materials are summarized. Finally, the application prospects and challenges of metal‐organic framework materials in the biomedical field are discussed, hoping to promote their application in multidisciplinary fields.
Ferroelectric Aluminum Scandium Nitride Transistors with Intrinsic Switching Characteristics and Artificial Synaptic Functions for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Gao Jing , Chien Yu‐Chieh , Li Lingqi , Lee Hock Koon , Samanta Subhranu , Varghese Binni , Xiang Heng , Li Minghua , Liu Chen , Zhu Yao , Chen Li , Ang Kah‐Wee 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAluminum Scandium Nitride (Al1−xScxN) has received attention for its exceptional ferroelectric properties, whereas the fundamental mechanism determining its dynamic response and reliability remains elusive. In this work, an unreported nucleation‐based polarization switching mechanism in Al0.7Sc0.3N (AlScN) is unveiled, driven by its intrinsic ferroelectricity rooted in the ionic displacement. Fast polarization switching, characterized by a remarkably low characteristic time of 0.00183 ps, is captured, and effectively simulated using a nucleation‐limited switching (NLS) model, where the profound effect of defects on the nucleation and domain propagation is systematically studied. These findings are further integrated into Monte Carlo simulations to unravel the influence of the activation energy for ferroelectric switching on the distributions of switching thresholds. The long‐term reliability of devices is also confirmed by time‐dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) measurements, and the effect of thickness scaling is discussed. Ferroelectric field‐effect transistors (FeFETs) are demonstrated through the integration of AlScN and 2D MoS2 channel, where biological synaptic functions can be emulated with optimized operation voltage. The artificial neural network built from AlScN‐based FeFETs achieves 93.8% recognition accuracy of handwritten digits, demonstrating the potential of ferroelectric AlScN in future neuromorphic computing applications.
Sulfur and Wavy‐Stacking Boosted Superior Lithium Storage in 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks
Authors: Li Nana , Zhu Jinhui , Yang Chongqing , Huang Senhe , Jiang Kaiyue , Zheng Qi , Yang Yilong , Mao Haiyan , Han Sheng , Zhu Lei , Zhuang Xiaodong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract2D conjugated covalent organic frameworks (c‐COFs) provide an attractive foundation as organic electrodes in energy storage devices, but their storage capability is long hindered by limited ion accessibility within densely π–π stacked interlayers. Herein, two kinds of 2D c‐COFs based on dioxin and dithiine linkages are reported, which exhibit distinct in‐plane configurations—fully planar and undulated layers. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals wavy square‐planar networks in dithiine‐bridged COF (COF‐S), attributed to curved C─S─C bonds in the dithiine linkage, whereas dioxin‐bridged COF (COF‐O) features densely packed fully planar layers. Theoretical and experimental results elucidate that the undulated stacking within COF‐S possesses an expanded layer distance of 3.8 Å and facilitates effective and rapid Li+ storage, yielding a superior specific capacity of 1305 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, surpassing that of COF‐O (1180 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1). COF‐S also demonstrates an admirable cycle life with 80.4% capacity retention after 5000 cycles. As determined, self‐expanded wavy‐stacking geometry, S‐enriched dithiine in COF‐S enhances the accessibility and redox activity of Li storage, allowing each phthalocyanine core to store 12 Li+ compared to 8 Li+ in COF‐O. These findings underscore the elements and stacking modes of 2D c‐COFs, enabling tunable layer distance and modulation of accessible ions.
Anomalous Diffusion Mechanism for Water in Native and Hydrophobically Modified Starch Using Fractional Calculus
Authors: Matias Gustavo de Souza , Aranha Ana Caroline Raimundini , Lermen Fernando Henrique , Bissaro Camila Andressa , Coelho Tania Maria , Defendi Rafael Oliveira , Jorge Luiz Mario de Matos 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFractional calculus is a method to predict processes mathematically. This study uses fractional order models to determine whether starch hydration is governed by Fickian or anomalous diffusion. Native and modified starches are compared and classified based on their diffusive characteristics and the type of diffusion observed. The study aims to adjust the equation of the analytical solution of the diffusion model to study the hydration of both native and modified starches. The fractional order diffusion model is generalized to compare the two models and identify whether anomalous mechanisms exist in native and modified starches. The results show that water absorption by native and modified starch granules is characterized by anomalous diffusion. This is due to the temperature conditions and differences in the chemical potential of the starches. It is verified that the diffusive characteristics of native and modified starches differ under the same hydration conditions.
Alcohol‐related stigma within the UK veterinary profession
Authors: Cormier Olivia , Seddon Jennifer 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundVeterinarians have poorer mental health and have higher levels of alcohol consumption compared to the general population. This study aimed to explore perceptions and experiences of problem drinking within the veterinary profession in the UK.MethodsOnline semi‐structured interviews were completed with multidisciplined practising veterinarians in the UK. The data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.ResultsSeventeen veterinarians were recruited. The participants were predominantly female (n = 15, 88%). Seven participants (41%) reported personal experience of problem drinking. Four main themes were identified: a normalised culture of drinking, the impact of drinking on mental health and suicide risk, perceptions and attitudes towards problem drinking, and impacts of formal intervention. Drinking to cope was normalised and widespread among veterinarians. Problem drinking was reported to negatively impact mental health and provoke high self‐stigma. Both alcohol‐related stigma and fear of involvement from the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons (RCVS) were barriers to help‐seeking.LimitationsNo other veterinary professionals or participants with lived experience of RCVS investigation for problem drinking were included.ConclusionAlcohol‐related stigma and fear of RCVS involvement reduce veterinary help‐seeking for problem drinking, which may have a negative effect on veterinarians' mental health.
Ventricular fibrillation during thoracoscopic pericardiectomy in a St. Bernard dog
Authors: Mattei Larissa Irina , Barandun Marc , Iff Isabelle 
Published: August 2024

AbstractVentricular fibrillation is one of the known complications of pericardiectomy in veterinary medicine. We present a case of ventricular fibrillation occurring during thoracoscopic pericardiectomy in a 2‐year‐old St. Bernard dog. Despite prompt recognition, immediate resuscitation efforts‐based chest compressions and mechanical ventilation, drug administration and defibrillation (external using 200 J, using 50 J internally subsequently), the dog died. The suspected cause of ventricular fibrillation was related to the use of an electrosurgical device. The challenges encountered during resuscitation and possible reasons for the delayed success of defibrillation are discussed in this report. Electrical safety and the implications during thoracoscopy underscore the importance of the development and the mechanisms underlying ventricular fibrillation during thoracoscopic pericardiectomy.
Developing Cut-off Values for Low and Very Low Bone Mineral Density at the Thoracic Spine Using Quantitative Computed Tomography
Authors: Cheneymann Andia , Therkildsen Josephine , Rasmussen Laust Dupont , Thygesen Jesper , Isaksen Christin , Hauge Ellen-Margrethe , Winther Simon , Böttcher Morten 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOsteoporosis is under-diagnosed while detectable by measuring bone mineral density (BMD) using quantitative computer tomography (QCT). Opportunistic screening for low BMD has previously been suggested using lumbar QCT. However, thoracic QCT also possesses this potential to develop upper and lower cut-off values for low thoracic BMD, corresponding to the current cut-offs for lumbar BMD. In participants referred with chest pain, lumbar and thoracic BMD were measured using non-contrast lumbar- and cardiac CT scans. Lumbar BMD cut-off values for very low (< 80 mg/cm3), low (80–120 mg/cm3), and normal BMD (> 120 mg/cm3) were used to assess the corresponding thoracic values. A linear regression enabled identification of new diagnostic thoracic BMD cut-off values. The 177 participants (mean age 61 [range 31–74] years, 51% women) had a lumbar BMD of 121.6 mg/cm3 (95% CI 115.9–127.3) and a thoracic BMD of 137.0 mg/cm3 (95% CI: 131.5–142.5), p < 0.001. Categorization of lumbar BMD revealed 14%, 35%, and 45% in each BMD category. When applied for the thoracic BMD measurements, 25% of participants were reclassified into a lower group. Linear regression predicted a relationship of Thoracic BMD = 0.85 * Lumbar BMD + 33.5, yielding adjusted thoracic cut-off values of < 102 and > 136 mg/cm3. Significant differences in BMD between lumbar and thoracic regions were found, but a linear relationship enabled the development of thoracic upper and lower cut-off values for low BMD in the thoracic spine. As Thoracic CT scans are frequent, these findings will strengthen the utilization of CT images for opportunistic detection of osteoporosis.
Thyroid cancer incidence in cohorts exposed in childhood to 131I released during the Windscale nuclear reactor accident at Sellafield, England, in 1957
Authors: McNally Richard J. Q. , Wakeford Richard , Bunch Kathryn J. , Hayes Louise , Vernon Sally , Jeffrey Polly-Anne , Paley Lizz , Elliott Alex 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA fire in one of the Windscale nuclear reactors at Sellafield (Cumbria, England) in October 1957 released 1,800 TBq of 131I (half-life, 8 days) to atmosphere. Measurements of 131I activity in thyroids of exposed children showed typical thyroid doses of tens of milligray, but with some exceeding 100 mGy. Radiation exposure in childhood is known to increase the risk of thyroid cancer. Consequently, an investigation was conducted into whether raised numbers of thyroid cancer cases occurred in those exposed to 131I as young children in Cumbria. A database of Cumbrian births from 1950 onwards allowed cohorts of 56,086 births during 1950–1958 and 137,444 births during 1959–1980 to be constructed, periods including children potentially exposed and unexposed, respectively, to 131I. Three areas of Cumbria with different 131I contamination levels were identified from monitoring data, and births assigned to these three areas for the two periods of birth. Members of these six sub-cohorts were linked to incident thyroid cancer cases in Great Britain during 1981–2020 using national cancer registration databases, providing thyroid cancer incidence rates. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs), with the lowest contamination area as a reference, were computed. No IRR differed discernibly from unity. For births during 1950–1958, the IRR for the combined highest and intermediate 131I contamination areas was 0.68 (95% confidence interval: 0.24, 1.56), and no case of thyroid cancer was found in the small cohort born in the highest contamination area. In conclusion, no increased risk of thyroid cancer in those exposed to 131I as young children in Cumbria in 1957 was detected. This study adds to the evidence on the long-term risk of thyroid cancer following childhood exposure to low and moderate levels of 131I, such as occurred following the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011.
Incidence of complications and functional outcomes following segmental femoral shaft fractures: a critical review of the literature
Authors: Vasilopoulou Anastasia , Karampitianis Spyridon , Chloros George D. , Giannoudis Peter V. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Although segmental femoral shaft fractures (SFSF) are very challenging to manage, there has been no critical evaluation of the current practices and outcomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate their characteristics, management trends, outcomes, and complications.

Methods
A literature search was conducted via the SCOPUS, Embase (via SCOPUS) and MEDLINE (via PubMed) between 1995 and 2023. Studies were included if they reported patient demographics, mechanism of injury, classification of fractures, associated injuries, type of management, outcomes, and complications. Exclusion criteria: only diaphyseal fractures were included and proximal and distal femoral fractures were excluded from this study.

Results
Overall, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria reporting on 313 patients. Mean age was 36.2 years with male–female ratio of 4.8 to 1. The majority were high-energy fractures secondary to road traffic accidents and 16% were open. The most commonly associated injuries included chest injury (27%) and lower leg fractures (24%). Treatment consisted of intramedullary nailing (IMN) (72%), plating (22%) or both combined (6%). Outcomes reported: good in 70%, fair in 10%, excellent in 19% and poor in 2% of cases. Mean time to union was 20 weeks. Complications are reported in 24% of cases, with most common delayed union (5%) and non-union (4%).

Conclusion
SFSF are high-energy fractures occurring most commonly in young males, are open in 16% of cases and have significant associated injuries. In their overwhelming majority, IMN is the mainstay of treatment. The expected outcome is generally good in 70% of cases, although not devoid of complications in 24% of cases and patients must be aware of this during the consent process.
The Universal Equivariance Properties of Exotic Aromatic B-Series
Authors: Laurent Adrien , Munthe-Kaas Hans 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe exotic aromatic Butcher series were originally introduced for the calculation of order conditions for the high order numerical integration of ergodic stochastic differential equations in $$\mathbb {R} ^d$$

R

d

and on manifolds. We prove in this paper that exotic aromatic B-series satisfy a universal geometric property, namely that they are characterised by locality and equivariance with respect to orthogonal changes of coordinates. This characterisation confirms that exotic aromatic B-series are a fundamental geometric object that naturally generalises aromatic B-series and B-series, as they share similar equivariance properties. In addition, we provide a classification of the main subsets of the exotic aromatic B-series, in particular the exotic B-series, using different equivariance properties. Along the analysis, we present a generalised definition of exotic aromatic trees, dual vector fields, and we explore the impact of degeneracies on the classification.
Flume model test on the behavior of debris flows into the reservoir and the impact pressure acting on the dam embankment
Authors: Sonoda Yusuke , Sawada Yutaka 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The number of cases of damage to reservoirs due to debris flows has increased. In this study, granular material was released down the slope in a flume model to observe the debris flow morphology in a reservoir and to examine the impact pressure on a model dam embankment. The model flume had a slope angle of 30°, slope section width of 300 mm, and reservoir section width of 800 mm, and a model embankment with pressure and water pressure gauges was installed. Several experiments were conducted by varying the grain size of the granular materials to 3, 6 mm, mixed, and initial water storage levels. Observations from a high-speed camera indicate that when the debris flow enters the reservoir, the momentum rapidly decreases immediately after inflow. However, a solitary wave was generated, with heights reaching up to 2.5 times the initial water level. Additionally, during the impact of the debris flow on the model embankment, a large impact pressure was instantaneously generated. The magnitude and frequency of the occurrence tended to be more pronounced when the grain size was large. Additionally, the instantaneous impact pressure reached approximately twice the average impact pressure. However, with the exception of instantaneous large impact pressures, the existing equations used in the design of Sabo dams and coefficients with a specific range proposed in previous studies can be used to successfully calculate the impact pressure acting on the embankment in relation to the velocity.
Seasonal variation in migration routes of Common Whitethroat Curruca communis
Authors: Briedis Martins , Wong Joanna B. , Adamík Peter , Lislevand Terje , Funts Kaspars , Hromádka Miloslav , Hromádka Kamil , Porkert Jiří , Hahn Steffen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Although geolocator tracking of small passerines has become commonplace in the last two decades, this tool is still underutilized for gathering natural history data of migration in many species. Common Whitethroat (Curruca communis) is one of the most numerous Afro-Palearctic migrants. However, our knowledge of the species’ migration ecology remains limited. Here, we combine ring-recovery analyses with geolocator tracking to describe migration routes and population-specific non-breeding areas in this long-distance migrant. Linkages between breeding, passage and non-breeding areas based on ring-recovery records revealed a strong correlation in longitudes, indicating parallel migration system and population-specific non-breeding grounds in whitethroats. Migration route simulation using EURING data suggested a possible migratory divide in Central Europe in autumn, while broad front migration across the Mediterranean occurs in spring. Geolocator-tracked whitethroats from Czechia (Central Europe) and Latvia (North-eastern Europe) migrated to non-breeding sites in Central Africa, where they first resided in the Sahel region before moving farther to a second non-breeding site in November/December. Major stopovers were associated with crossing of ecological barriers. A single Latvian bird with a repeat track showed similar migration patterns in both years, possibly visiting the same non-breeding sites in consecutive years. Both ringing and tracking data revealed clockwise loop migration between breeding and non-breeding sites.
Image analysis and LSTM methods for forecasting surficial displacements of a landslide triggered by snowfall and rainfall
Authors: Liu Yuting , Brezzi Lorenzo , Liang Zhipeng , Gabrieli Fabio , Zhou Zihan , Cola Simonetta 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Landslide-prone areas, predominantly located in mountainous regions with abundant rainfall, present unique challenges when subject to significant snowfall at high altitudes. Understanding the role of snow accumulation and melting, alongside rainfall and other environmental variables like temperature and humidity, is crucial for assessing landslide stability. To pursue this aim, the present study focuses first on the quantification of snow accumulated on a slope through a simple parameter obtained with image processing. Then, this parameter is included in a slope displacement prediction analysis carried out with long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network. By employing image processing algorithms and filtering out noise from white-shown rocks, the methodology evaluates the percentage of snow cover in RGB images. Subsequent LSTM forecasts of landslide displacement utilize 28-day historical data on rainfall, snow, and slope movements. The presented procedure is applied to the case of a deep-seated landslide in Italy, a site that in winter 2020–2021 experienced heavy snowfall, leading to significant snow accumulation on the slope. These episodes motivated a study aimed at forecasting the superficial displacements of this landslide, considering the presence of snow both at that time and in the following days, along with humidity and temperature. This approach indirectly incorporates snow accumulation and potential melting phenomena into the model. Although the subsequent winters were characterized by reduced snowfall, including this information in the LSTM model for the period characterized by snow on the slope demonstrated a dependency of the predictions on this parameter, thus suggesting that snow is indeed a significant factor in accelerating landslide movements. In this context, detecting snow and incorporating it into the predictive model emerges as a significant aspect for considering the effects of winter snowfall. The method aims to propose an innovative strategy that can be applied in the future to the study of the landslide analyzed in this paper during upcoming winters characterized by significant snowfall, as well as to other case studies of landslides at high altitudes that lack precise snow precipitation recording instruments.