bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evapotranspiration comparisons between eddy covariance measurements and meteorological and remote‐sensing‐based models in disturbed ponderosa pine forests
Authors: Ha Wonsook , Kolb Thomas E. , Springer Abraham E. , Dore Sabina , O'Donnell Frances C. , Martinez Morales Rodolfo , Masek Lopez Sharon , Koch George W. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) comprises a major portion of the water budget in forests, yet few studies have measured or estimated ET in semi‐arid, high‐elevation ponderosa pine forests of the south‐western USA or have investigated the capacity of models to predict ET in disturbed forests. We measured actual ET with the eddy covariance (eddy) method over 4 years in three ponderosa pine forests near Flagstaff, Arizona, that differ in disturbance history (undisturbed control, wildfire burned, and restoration thinning) and compared these measurements (415–510 mm year−1on average) with actual ET estimated from five meteorological models [Penman–Monteith (P‐M), P‐M with dynamic control of stomatal resistance (P‐M‐d), Priestley–Taylor (P‐T), McNaughton–Black (M‐B), and Shuttleworth–Wallace (S‐W)] and from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ET product. The meteorological models with constant stomatal resistance (P‐M, M‐B, and S‐W) provided the most accurate estimates of annual eddy ET (average percent differences ranged between 11 and −14%), but their accuracy varied across sites. The P‐M‐d consistently underpredicted ET at all sites. The more simplistic P‐T model performed well at the control site (18% overprediction) but strongly overpredicted annual eddy ET at the restoration sites (92%) and underpredicted at the fire site (−26%). The MODIS ET underpredicted annual eddy ET at all sites by at least 51% primarily because of underestimation of leaf area index. Overall, we conclude that with accurate parameterization, micrometeorological models can predict ET within 30% in forests of the south‐western USA and that remote sensing‐based ET estimates need to be improved through use of higher resolution products. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acyclic triene metathesis (ATMET) miniemulsion polymerization of linseed oil produces polymer nanoparticles with comparable molecular weight to that of bulk reactions
Authors: de O. Romera Cristian , Cardoso Priscilla B. , Meier Michael A. R. , Sayer Claudia , Araújo Pedro H. H. 
Published: December 2014

Acyclic triene metathesis (ATMET) polymerizations of linseed oil were performed in bulk and miniemulsion to evaluate the activity of different types of ruthenium‐based catalysts (Grubbs 1st and 2nd generations, Hoveyda–Grubbs 2nd generation and Umicore M2) in both systems. Miniemulsion polymerizations with a nonionic surfactant resulted in polymer nanoparticles with an average size around 200 nm. The number‐average molecular weight (Mn) of the polymers, approximately 6 kDa, obtained by linseed oil metathesis miniemulsion polymerizations was found to be comparable to linseed oil metathesis bulk reactions if Umicore M2 and Hoveyda–Grubbs 2nd generation catalysts and nonionic surfactants were used. The presence of oleic acid moieties and saturated fatty acids in linseed oil limited the molecular weight increase and cross‐linking, since they act as chain‐stoppers. On the other hand, ATMET homopolymerization of glyceryl triundec‐10‐enoate (UDTG) with terminal double bonds led to a massive gel formation due to the three highly reactive terminal double bonds per molecule. Increasing the amount of linseed oil in ATMET copolymerization between linseed oil and UDTG resulted in lower gel content.Practical applications: Naturally occurring renewable plant oils as raw materials, without prior chemical modifications, are a very attractive alternative to fossil reserves. Linseed oil contains about 90% unsaturated fatty acids. This property makes it suitable for ATMET polymerization, including the miniemulsion technique, allowing the synthesis of branched macromolecular nanoparticles. The ratio of linseed oil and glyceryl triundec‐10‐enoate (UDTG) in ATMET copolymerization can tune the gel content, as the presence of oleic acid moieties and saturated fatty acids in linseed oil limits the cross‐linking.Branched macromolecule nanoparticles were obtained by ATMET miniemulsion polymerization of linseed oil.
Aftershock seismic assessment taking into account postmainshock residual drifts
Authors: Ruiz‐García Jorge , Aguilar Julio D. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThis paper introduces and evaluates a methodology for the aftershock seismic assessment of buildings taking explicitly into account residual drift demands after the mainshock (i.e., postmainshock residual interstory drifts,RIDRo). The methodology is applied to a testbed four‐story steel moment‐resisting building designed with modern seismic design provisions when subjected to a set of near‐fault mainshock–aftershock seismic sequences that induce five levels ofRIDRo. Once the postmainshock residual drift is induced to the building model, a postmainshock incremental dynamic analysis is performed under each aftershock to obtain its collapse capacity and its capacity associated to demolition (i.e., the capacity to reach or exceed a 2% residual drift). The effect of additional sources of stiffness and strength (i.e., interior gravity frames and slab contribution) and the polarity of the aftershocks are examined in this study. Results of this investigation show that the collapse potential under aftershocks strongly depends on the modeling approach (i.e., the aftershock collapse potential is modified when additional sources of lateral stiffness and strength are included in the analytical model). Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the aftershock capacity associated to demolition (i.e., the aftershock collapse capacity associated to a residual interstory drift that leads to an imminent demolition) is lower than that of the aftershock collapse capacity, which mean that this parameter should be a better measure of the building residual capacity against aftershocks. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human‐induced sedimentation patterns of a channelized lowland river
Authors: Ciszewski Dariusz , Czajka Agnieszka 
Published: December 2014

AbstractChannelization of the severely polluted Odra and Vistula Rivers in Poland induced intensive accumulation of fine‐grained deposits rich in organic matter and heavy metals. These sediments have been identified in vertical profiles in a narrow zone along river banks both in groyne‐created basins and on the floodplain. Grain size, organic matter, zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu) content and cesium‐137 (137Cs) was used for sediment dating and, stratigraphy and chemistry have been diagnostic features for these deposits, named industrial alluvium. In the most polluted river reaches stabilized by bank reinforcements and groynes, 2‐m‐thick slack water groyne deposits are composed of uniform strata of polluted silts with organic matter content over 10%, Zn content over 1000 mg/kg and average Cu and Pb over 100 mg/kg. The average rate of sediment accretion in groynes is higher than on the floodplain and reaches 5 cm/yr. Stratification which appears at higher levels in the groyne fields and on the levees reflects a change from in‐channel to overbank deposition and is typified by dark layers separated by bright, sandy, and less polluted strata. Stratified, 4‐m‐thick, sediment sequences have been found in groyne fields of incised river reaches. The average rate of sediment accretion in these reaches is of the order of 5 cm/yr. In stable and relatively less polluted river reaches, vertical‐accretion organic deposits are finely laminated and the average rate of deposition amounts to a few millimeters per year. Investigations indicate that groyne construction favors conditions for long‐term storage of sediments at channel banks. For this reason, groynes should be considered as structures that efficiently limit sudden release of sediment‐associated heavy metals stored in channels and in floodplains of the historically polluted rivers. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Southeast Collector Project – Procurement of TBMs by the client / Southeast Collector Project – Beistellung der TBMs durch den Bauherrn
Authors: Urschitz Gerhard J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe “Southeast Collector” project, a 15 km long sewer tunnel in the York Region east of Toronto, Canada, has a special feature in that the four TBMs for boring the tunnel are being provided by the client. This holds many unusual situations and challenges concerning on the one hand the risk distribution and on the other hand the construction dynamics. The article intends to discuss the motivations as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this concept through the example of this project, diverse research and available references. It finally attempts to find answers to the questions where and when the procurement of tunnel boring machines by the client may be appropriate.Das Projekt “Southeast Collector”, ein 15 km langer Abwasserstollen in der York Region östlich von Toronto, Kanada, zeichnet sich durch eine Besonderheit aus, nämlich, dass die vier TBMs für den Vortrieb durch den Bauherrn bereitgestellt werden. Diese Situation birgt viele Ungewöhnlichkeiten und Herausforderungen in sich, was sich einerseits in der Risikoverteilung, aber andererseits in der Ausführungsdynamik widerspiegelt. Es wird versucht anhand dieses Projekts, diverser Nachforschungen und bestehender Literatur die Motivation, die Vor‐ und Nachteile und Herausforderungen dieses Konzepts zu erarbeiten, um schlussendlich Antworten zu finden, wo und wann die Beistellung von Vortriebsmaschinen durch den Bauherrn sinnvoll erscheinen mag.
The Fréjus rescue tunnel / Rettungsstollen Fréjus
Authors: Götz David 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn order to upgrade to the latest safety regulations, a rescue tunnel is being constructed parallel to the existing 12.9 km long, single bore Fréjus Tunnel. A particular challenge to the mechanised tunnel drive is the alignment through squeezing rock mass in places. In order to overcome the squeezing sections, various technical and organisational measures have been implemented during the course of the project.Zur Anpassung an die aktuellen Sicherheitsvorschriften wird parallel zum 12,9 km langen, einröhrigen Fréjus Tunnel ein Rettungsstollen gebaut. Eine besondere Herausforderung ist der Verlauf des maschinellen Vortriebs durch stellenweise drückendes Gebirge. Zur Bewältigung der druckhaften Abschnitte wurden im Laufe des Projekts verschiedene technische und organisatorische Maßnahmen umgesetzt.
Application examples for tendering models to promote partnership at the TIWAG / Praxisbeispiele für partnerschaftsfördernde Vergabemodelle bei der TIWAG
Authors: Mitteregger Klaus , Deisl Franz 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe TIWAG – Tiroler Wasserkraft AG has started to implement new ideas to find the best bidder for the construction project “New construction of penstock and surge tank at the Kaunertal power station” and the design project “Tender and construction design of the extension of the Kirchbichl power station”. The article describes the constraints and course of action of the procedure and also refers to the Austrian partnership model VIP. For the future tendering of drill and blast and mechanised underground construction works, the TIWAG is interested in a clear delineation of spheres in the payment of geologically induced costs; the first ideas for this purpose are described.Die TIWAG‐Tiroler Wasserkraft AG hat mit dem Projekt “Neubau Druckschacht und Wasserschloss Kraftwerk Kaunertal” bei Bauleistungen sowie für Planungsleistungen mit dem Projekt “Ausschreibungs‐ und Ausführungsplanung Erweiterung Kraftwerk Kirchbichl” begonnen, neue Ideen in der Bestbieterfindung umzusetzen. Ziel war es, für die Projektrealisierung einen gleichberechtigten Partner zu finden. Im Beitrag werden die Randbedingungen, der Ablauf es Verfahrens sowie ein Bezug zum VIP dargestellt. Für zukünftige Ausschreibungen von zyklischen und kontinuierlichen Untertagebaumaßnahmen befasst sich die TIWAG mit einer klaren Sphärentrennung bei der Vergütung von geologisch induzierten Kosten; erste Ideen dazu werden vorgestellt.
Dealing With Missing Behavioral Endpoints in Health Promotion Research by Modeling Cognitive Parameters in Cost‐Effectiveness Analyses of Behavioral Interventions: A Validation Study
Authors: Prenger Rilana , Pieterse Marcel E. , Braakman‐Jansen Louise M. A. , Feenstra Talitha L. , Smit Eline S. , Hoving Ciska , de Vries Hein , van Ommeren Jan‐Kees , Evers Silvia M. A. A. , van der Palen Job 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCost‐effectiveness analyses (CEAs) of behavioral interventions typically use physical outcome criteria. However, any progress in cognitive antecedents of behavior change may be seen as a beneficial outcome of an intervention. The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility and validity of incorporating cognitive parameters of behavior change in CEAs.The CEA from a randomized controlled trial on smoking cessation was reanalyzed. First, relevant cognitive antecedents of behavior change in this dataset were identified. Then, transition probabilities between combined states of smoking and cognitions at 6 weeks and corresponding 6 months smoking status were obtained from the dataset. These rates were extrapolated to the period from 6 to 12 months in a decision analytic model. Simulated results were compared with the 12 months' observed cost‐effectiveness results.Self‐efficacy was the strongest time‐varying predictor of smoking cessation. Twelve months' observed CEA results for the multiple tailoring intervention versus usual care showed €3188 had to be paid for each additional quitter versus €10,600 in the simulated model.The simulated CEA showed largely similar but somewhat more conservative results. Using self‐efficacy to enhance the estimation of the true behavioral outcome seems a feasible and valid way to estimate future cost‐effectiveness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling Volatility Spillover Effects Between Developed Stock Markets and Asian Emerging Stock Markets
Authors: Li Yanan , Giles David E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the linkages of stock markets across the USA, Japan and six Asian developing countries: China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand over the period 1 January 1993 to 31 December 2012. The volatility spillover is modelled through an asymmetric multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedastic model. We find significant unidirectional shock and volatility spillovers from the US market to both the Japanese and the Asian emerging markets. It is also found that the volatility spillovers between the US market and the Asian markets are stronger and bidirectional during the Asian financial crisis. Further, during the last 5 years, the linkages between the Japanese market and the Asian emerging markets became more apparent. Our paper contributes to the literature by examining both the long‐run and the short‐run periods and focusing on shock and volatility spillovers rather than return spillovers, which have been the primary focus of most other studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase transformation of dental zirconia following artificial aging
Authors: Lucas Thomas J. , Lawson Nathaniel C. , Janowski Gregg M. , Burgess John O. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAimsLow‐temperature degradation (LTD) of yttria‐stabilized zirconia can produce increased surface roughness with a concomitant decrease in strength. This study determined the effectiveness of artificial aging (prolonged boiling/autoclaving) to induce LTD of Y‐TZP (yttria‐tetragonal zirconia‐polycrystals) and used artificial aging for transformation depth progression analyses. The null hypothesis is aging techniques tested produce the same amount of transformation, transformation is not time/temperature dependent and LTD causes a constant transformation throughout the Y‐TZP samples.MethodsDental‐grade Y‐TZP samples were randomly divided into nine subgroups (n = 5): as received, 3.5 and 7 day boiling, 1 bar autoclave (1, 3, 5 h), and 2 bar autoclave (1, 3, 5 h). A 4‐h boil treatment (n = 2) was performed post‐experiment for completion of data. Transformation was measured using traditional X‐ray diffraction and low‐angle X‐ray diffraction.ResultsThe fraction of t → m transformation increased with aging time. The 3.5 day boil and 2 bar 5 h autoclave produced similar transformation results, while the 7 day boiling treatment revealed the greatest transformation. The surface layer of the aged specimen underwent the most transformation while all samples displayed decreasing transformation with depth.SignificanceSurface transformation was evident, which can lead to rougher surfaces and increased wear of opposing dentition/materials. Therefore, wear studies addressing LTD of Y‐TZP are needed utilizing accelerated aging. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1519–1523, 2015.
Coenzyme Q10 and spinocerebellar ataxias
Authors: Lo Raymond Y. , Figueroa Karla P. , Pulst Stefan M. , Lin Chi‐Ying , Perlman Susan , Wilmot George , Gomez Christopher , Schmahmann Jeremy , Paulson Henry , Shakkottai Vikram G. , Ying Sarah , Zesiewicz Theresa , Bushara Khalaf , Geschwind Michael , Xia Guangbin , Subramony S.H. , Ashizawa Tetsuo , Kuo Sheng‐Han 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between drug exposure and disease severity in SCA types 1, 2, 3 and 6. The Clinical Research Consortium for Spinocerebellar Ataxias (CRC‐SCA) enrolled 319 participants with SCA1, 2, 3, and 6 from 12 medical centers in the United States and repeatedly measured clinical severity by the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA), the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale part IV (UHDRS‐IV), and the 9‐item Patient Health Questionnaire during July 2009 to May 2012. We employed generalized estimating equations in regression models to study the longitudinal effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), statin, and vitamin E on clinical severity of ataxia after adjusting for age, sex, and pathological CAG repeat number. Cross‐sectionally, exposure to CoQ10 was associated with lower SARA and higher UHDRS‐IV scores in SCA1 and 3. No association was found between statins, vitamin E, and clinical outcome. Longitudinally, CoQ10, statins, and vitamin E did not change the rates of clinical deterioration indexed by SARA and UHDRS‐IV scores within 2 years. CoQ10 is associated with better clinical outcome in SCA1 and 3. These drug exposures did not appear to influence clinical progression within 2 years. Further studies are warranted to confirm the association. © 2014 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Reducing execution profiles: techniques and benefits
Authors: Farjo Joan , Assi Rawad Abou , Masri Wes 
Published: December 2014

SummaryThe interest in leveraging data mining and statistical techniques to enable dynamic program analysis has increased tremendously in recent years. Researchers have presented numerous techniques that mine and analyze execution profiles to assist software testing and other reliability enhancing approaches. Previous empirical studies have shown that the effectiveness of such techniques is likely to be impacted by the type of profiled program elements. This work further studies the impact of the characteristics of execution profiles by focusing on their size; noting that a typical profile comprises a large number of program elements, in the order of thousands or higher. Specifically, the authors devised six reduction techniques and comparatively evaluated them by measuring the following: (1) reduction rate; (2) information loss; (3) impact on two applications of dynamic program analysis, namely, cluster‐based test suite minimization (App‐I), and profile‐based online failure and intrusion detection (App‐II). The results were promising as the following: (a) the average reduction rate ranged from 92% to 98%; (b) three techniques were lossless and three were slightly lossy; (c) reducing execution profiles exhibited a major positive impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of App‐I; and (d) reduction exhibited a positive impact on the efficiency of App‐II, but a minor negative impact on its effectiveness. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Underestimated Risk of Cancer in Patients with Multinodular Goiters After a Benign Fine Needle Aspiration
Authors: Campbell Michael J. , Seib Carolyn D. , Candell Leah , Gosnell Jessica E. , Duh Quan‐Yang , Clark Orlo H. , Shen Wen T. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractImportanceUltrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) is an excellent tool for evaluating patients with solitary thyroid nodules, with a false‐negative malignancy rate of <3 %. The utility of FNA in patients with a cervical multinodular goiter (MNG) is unknown, because biopsy and surveillance of thyroids with numerous nodules may be impractical.ObjectiveTo evaluate the incidence and risk factors for unsuspected thyroid cancer on final pathology in patients with a non‐functional, cervical MNG who had a benign preoperative FNA and underwent thyroidectomy.Design, setting and participantsRetrospective review of patients with non‐functional, cervical MNG at a high‐volume tertiary referral center between 2005 and 2012.Main outcome measure(s)Incidence of thyroid cancer on surgical pathology.ResultsOf the 134 patients included in the study, 31 (23.1 %) were found to have thyroid cancer on final pathology. Twenty‐one (15.7 %) patients had a microscopic papillary cancer (<1 cm) and 10 (7.5 %) patients had other forms of thyroid cancer [five follicular, four papillary (>1 cm), and one patient with a papillary and follicular cancer]. On univariate analysis, male gender had a near‐significant association with non‐micropapillary thyroid cancer (p = 0.06). On multivariate analysis, male gender (OR = 10.2, 95 % CI 1.35–76.8) and FNA cytology not reviewed at our institution (OR = 6.0, 95 % CI 1.2–30) were independently associated with non‐micropapillary thyroid cancer.Conclusions and relevanceThe incidence of thyroid cancer in patients with MNG and benign FNA is significant. Men and patients in whom the FNA cytology is not reviewed by an experienced cytopathologist may be at an increased risk for an undetected thyroid cancer.