bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A revision of Hydraena species of the “Haenydra” lineage (Coleoptera, Hydraenidae)
Authors: TRIZZINO MARCO , CARNEVALI LUCILLA , DE FELICI STEFANO , AUDISIO PAOLO 
Published: January 2013

Hydraena Kugelann represents the largest genus within the water beetle family Hydraenidae, and in particular within Hydraeninae, with about 900 species widely distributed all over the world and several hundreds not yet described. In a recent cladistic analysis, based on morphological characters, Hydraena s. l. was split into two subgenera: Hydraenopsis Janssens (Gondwanian) and Hydraena s. str. (Laurasian). Moreover, within Hydraena s. str., some derived and well-supported monophyletic clades were recognised, and defined as “lineages”. Among them, the "Haenydra" lineage, previously considered by many authors as a valid genus/subgenus, includes 89 species distributed exclusively in western Palaearctic, from Portugal to Iran, but absent in North Africa. The main aim of the present paper is to provide a revision of the whole lineage, re-examining taxonomy, ecology, and biogeography of all known species. All species were therefore redescribed, also providing information about diagnostic characters, taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships, ecology and biogeography. A faunistic dataset, including all the known published, and many unpublished, localities for each species, with a series of detailed geographic maps for each species and species complex, was herein supplied. Finally, dichotomous keys are provided for identification of males of all the "Haenydra" species.
Revision of the Asian species of Afidentula Kapur, 1958 (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Epilachnini)
Authors: TOMASZEWSKA WIOLETTA , SZAWARYN KAROL 
Published: January 2013

The Asian species of Afidentula Kapur are revised, diagnosed and illustrated. The following new synonyms are proposed: Afidentula stephensi (Mulsant, 1850) (= Afidentula erberi Fürsch, 1984); Afidentula thanhsonensis Hoang, 1977 (=Afidentula cucphuongensis Hoang, 1977). The status of Afidentula herbigrada (Mulsant, 1850) as a synonym of Afidentula bisquadripunctata (Gyllenhal, 1808) is confirmed. One new species: Afidentula semisqualens sp. nov. and three new subspecies: A. manderstjernae bielawskii ssp. nov., A. manderstjernae bhutani ssp. nov. and A. manderstjernae bahraini ssp. nov. are described. The lectotype is designated for: Epilachna minima Gorham, 1894. A key for species identification is presented. Nomenclatural history and distribution are provided for each species. Afidentula decimaculata Wang & Cao, 1992 is treated here as incertae sedis, due to the unavailability of material for study.
Mayflies of the Caucasus Mountains. II. Description of the first representative of the subgenus Helvetoraeticus Bauernfeind &amp; Soldán, 2012 (Heptageniidae: Ecdyonurus)
Authors: KLUGE NIKITA J. , GODUNKO ROMAN J. , APANASKEVICH DMITRY A. 
Published: January 2013

The first representative of the subgenus Helvetoraeticus Bauernfeind & Soldán, 2012, from the Caucasus Mountains, Ecdyonurus (Helvetoraeticus) adjaricus sp. nov., is described on the basis of larvae, female imago (reared from larva) and male imago from the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, Georgia. The male imago of the new species can be separated from other representatives of Helvetoraeticus by its conspicuous yellowish wings coloration (especially of hind wings) and the shape of the penis lobes. The larva has a distinctive broad and apically pointed lateral projection on the pronotum, pointed bristles on the ventral side of the posterior border of the femora and markedly long, sharp posterolateral expansions of abdominal sterna. This last character is unique within Helvetoraeticus. The new species is most closely related to E. krueperi (Stein, 1863).
Validation of three sympatric Thoracophelia species (Annelida: Opheliidae) from Dillon Beach, California using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data
Authors: LAW CHRIS J. , DORGAN KELLY M. , ROUSE GREG W. 
Published: January 2013

Thoracophelia (Annelida, Opheliidae) are burrowing deposit feeders generally found in the mid- to upper intertidal areas of sandy beaches. Thoracophelia mucronata (Treadwell, 1914) is found along the west coast of North America, including at Dillon Beach, CA. Two additional species, Thoracophelia dillonensis (Hartman, 1938) and T. williamsi (Hartman, 1938) were also described from this beach. These three sympatric species have been primarily distinguished by branchial morphology, and efforts to determine the validity of the species have been based on morphological, reproductive and ecological studies. Here we demonstrate using mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data that these three species are valid. Mitochondrial Cytochrome c subunit 1 (COI) sequences show uncorrected interspecific distances of ~9–13%. We found no inter—specific differences in body color or in hemoglobin concentration, but found that reproductive males were pinkish-red in color and had lower hemoglobin concentrations than purplish—red reproductive females.
A new species of Corinnella Thomas &amp; Dominique, 2006 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)
Authors: BOLDRINI R. , SALLES F. F. , PES A. M.O. 
Published: January 2013

The monotypic genus Corinnella Thomas & Dominique, 2006, was described based on nymphs from French Guyana, and since the original description nothing has been added to knowledge of its systematics. The aim of the present paper is to describe a new species of the genus from Northern Brazil, to improve its diagnoses, and to report the genus for the first time from Brazil. The new species can be recognized by: labrum with discernible anteromedial emargination and process; posterior margin of terga IV with rounded spines; and tarsal claw with seven to nine denticles, with the outer and inner denticles distinctly longer than the others.
Pattern of stigma numbers as a taxonomic character in some didemnid ascidians (Aplousobranchia: Didemnidae)
Authors: NAGAYA KAZUHIKO , HIROSE EUICHI 
Published: January 2013

Colonial animals are often lacking in taxonomic characters due to their small size and the simple morphology of zooids. Since zooid size is nearly uniform in many colonial ascidians, the stigma numbers in each row can be a useful taxonomic character. To evaluate their potential utility, we investigated intraspecific variations in stigma patterns in a subset of photosymbiotic didemnid ascidians, including five morphotypes of Didemnum molle, Lissoclinum midui, Trididemnum clinides, and T. nubilum. Stigma number patterns were almost stable in L. midui and T. nubilum. In contrast, there was considerable variation in stigma number even among clone zooids within the same colony in D. molle and T. clinides. Further, the stigma patterns did not differentiate the five morphotypes of D. molle. There was no significant correlation between the total number of stigma and the length of the thorax in any of the species examined here, suggesting that stigma number is probably invariable within each zooid. Stigma patterns can be usable as a taxonomic character in didemnid ascidians, particularly in species having one or a few patterns. Even in species with various patterns, the range of variation will be informative once such ranges are comprehensively described for didemnid species.
The Influence of Entrainment and Mixing on the Initial Formation of Rain in a Warm Cumulus Cloud
Authors: Cooper William A. , Lasher-Trapp Sonia G. , Blyth Alan M. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The objective of this study is to address the problem of the production of rain in warm cumulus clouds that has been observed to occur within about 20 min. A hybrid model approach is used where a microphysical parcel model is run along trajectories produced by a 3D cloud model, with sufficiently high resolution to allow explicit representation of the effects of entrainment and mixing. The model calculations take the next step from the previous study, which showed that entrainment and mixing can accelerate the diffusional growth of cloud droplets to the production of raindrops by collision and coalescence. The mechanism depends on the variability in droplet trajectories arriving at a given location and time in a cumulus cloud. The resulting broadening favors collisions among droplets in the main peak of the droplet size distribution, which leads to the production of raindrop embryos. However, this production and the subsequent growth of the embryos to become raindrops only occur in regions of relatively high cloud water content. The modeling framework allows an objective test of this sequence of events that explain the seemingly contradictory notions of the enhancement of cloud droplet growth as a result of entrainment and mixing and the need for substantial cloud water content for collision and coalescence growth. The results show that raindrops can be produced within 20 min in warm cumulus clouds. The rain produced is sensitive to giant aerosols, but modification of the modeling framework is required to conduct a more robust test of their relative importance.
Moisture Origin and Meridional Transport in Atmospheric Rivers and Their Association with Multiple Cyclones*
Authors: Sodemann Harald , Stohl Andreas 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
During December 2006 many cyclones traveled across the North Atlantic, causing temperature and precipitation in Norway to be well above average. Large excursions of high vertically integrated water vapor, often referred to as atmospheric rivers, reached from the subtropics to high latitudes, inducing precipitation over western Scandinavia. The sources and transport of atmospheric water vapor in the North Atlantic storm track during that month are examined by means of a mesoscale model fitted with water vapor tracers. Decomposition of the modeled total water vapor field into numerical water vapor tracers tagged by evaporation latitude shows that when an atmospheric river was present, a higher fraction of water vapor from remote, southerly source regions caused more intense precipitation. The tracer transport analysis revealed that the atmospheric rivers were composed of a sequence of meridional excursions of water vapor, in close correspondence with the upper-level flow configuration. In cyclone cores, fast turnover of water vapor by evaporation and condensation were identified, leading to a rapid assimilation of water from the underlying ocean surface. In the regions of long-range transport, water vapor tracers from the southern midlatitudes and subtropics dominated over local contributions. By advection of water vapor along their trailing cold fronts cyclones were reinforcing the atmospheric rivers. At the same time the warm conveyor belt circulation was feeding off the atmospheric rivers by large-scale ascent and precipitation. Pronounced atmospheric rivers could persist in the domain throughout more than one cyclone's life cycle. These findings emphasize the interrelation between midlatitude cyclones and atmospheric rivers but also their distinction from the warm conveyor belt airstream.
A Climatological Analysis of the Extratropical Flow Response to Recurving Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones
Authors: Archambault Heather M. , Bosart Lance F. , Keyser Daniel , Cordeira Jason M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAlthough prior studies have established that the extratropical flow pattern often amplifies downstream of recurving tropical cyclones (TCs), the extratropical flow response to recurving TCs has not to the authors' knowledge been systematically examined from a climatological perspective. In this study, a climatology of the extratropical flow response to recurving western North Pacific TCs is constructed from 292 cases of TC recurvature during 1979–2009. The extratropical flow response to TC recurvature is evaluated based on a time-lagged composite time series of an index of the North Pacific meridional flow surrounding TC recurvature. Similar time series are constructed for recurving TCs stratified by characteristics of the large-scale flow pattern, the TC, and the phasing between the TC and the extratropical flow to assess factors influencing the extratropical flow response to TC recurvature. Results reveal that following TC recurvature, significantly amplified flow develops over the North Pacific and persists for ~4 days. The tendency for significantly amplified North Pacific flow to develop following TC recurvature is sensitive to the strength of the TC–extratropical flow interaction (the phasing between the TC and the extratropical flow), which is based on the negative potential vorticity advection by the divergent outflow of the TC. In contrast, the tendency for significantly amplified North Pacific flow to develop following TC recurvature is relatively insensitive to the intensity or size of the recurving TC, or whether it subsequently reintensifies after becoming extratropical.
Health identity, participation and knowledge: A qualitative study of a computer game for health education among adolescents in Denmark
Authors: Grabowski Dan 
Published: January 2013

Objective: To analyse the interrelated processes of identity, participation and knowledge in the context of the health educational Lifecalculator computer game. The analysis focuses on if and how this school-based health promotion initiative communicated relevant health knowledge to adolescents. Further development of the concept of health identity was a secondary objective of the study. Setting: Danish public schools. Methods: A qualitative study based on 21 focus group interviews with a total of 103 adolescents and 10 individual interviews with their teachers. Results: The simplified description of health and health choices in Lifecalculator makes it hard for the adolescents to relate the game to their everyday lives. They know that everyday health choices are more complex and they consequently dismiss the information altogether and do not gain much knowledge. The adolescents’ identities and the way they interpret themselves and their health in relation to others decide if and how they acquire knowledge. Healthy adolescents, who consider themselves as healthy, find it easier to relate to the health knowledge than the unhealthy adolescents who are aware of their unhealthiness. Lifecalculator seems to confirm that healthy adolescents (who view themselves as healthy) are healthy and unhealthy adolescents (who view themselves as unhealthy) are unhealthy and, as such, this approach does very little in terms of motivating participation and presenting the adolescents with new health knowledge. Conclusions: The study of Lifecalculator and the theoretical advances disclose the multi-layered interrelatedness of health identity, knowledge and participation. This interrelatedness creates multiple perspectives for both practice and research.
Non-overweight and overweight children’s physical activity during school recess
Authors: Ridgers Nicola D , Saint-Maurice Pedro F , Welk Gregory J , Siahpush Mohammad , Huberty Jennifer L 
Published: January 2013

Objective: Little research has investigated children’s physical activity levels during school recess and the contribution of recess to school day physical activity levels by weight status. The aims of this study were to examine non-overweight and overweight children’s physical activity levels during school recess, and examine the contribution of recess to school day physical activity. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Four elementary schools located in Nebraska, United States of America (USA). Methods: Two hundred and seventeen children (99 boys, 118 girls; 47.9% overweight) wore a uni-axial accelerometer for five consecutive school days during autumn 2009. The proportion of time spent engaged in sedentary (SED), light (LPA), moderate (MPA) and vigorous (VPA) intensity physical activity during recess was determined using age-specific accelerometer thresholds. Results: Overweight children engaged in more %MPA and less %VPA than non-overweight children, respectively. No differences were found between overweight and healthy weight children’s moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Recess contributed 16.9% and 16.3% towards non-overweight and overweight children’s school day %MVPA, respectively. Conclusion: Examining %MVPA as an outcome variable may mask differences in recess physical activity levels between non-overweight and overweight children. Future research is needed to establish why healthy weight and overweight children engage in differing levels of %MPA and %VPA during recess.
Modeling pedestrian crossing activities in an urban environment using microscopic traffic simulation
Authors: Suh Wonho , Henclewood Dwayne , Greenwood Aaron , Guin Angshuman , Guensler Randall , Hunter Michael P , Fujimoto Richard 
Published: January 2013

Microscopic traffic simulation tools are increasingly being employed as an integral part of modeling vehicular traffic and pedestrian activity. However, the complexity of pedestrians’ behaviors and their interactions with the various components of the traffic network is commonly under-represented in simulation models, resulting in potentially misleading analyses. This paper explores modeling pedestrians at the microscopic level, attempting to replicate observed pedestrian behavior at a crosswalk in Midtown Atlanta, GA. The VISSIM® simulation tool, with pedestrian movement based on the Social Force Model by Helbing and Molnár (Social Force Model for pedestrian dynamics. Phys Rev E 1995; 51: 4282-4286), is utilized. Comparative results of field observations and the microscopic modeling of the same vehicle and pedestrian activity are presented. A primary observation is that, for the intersection studied, only a small percentage of pedestrians appear to comply with the pedestrian signal indication, with the vast majority of pedestrians exhibiting gap-seeking behavior, crossing when a gap is available, regardless of the signal indication. This results in potentially significant over-estimates of wait time if high pedestrian signal compliance rates are assumed. A second notable observation is that the pedestrian crossing behavior is strongly related to the cross-street traffic queue clearance time and subsequent traffic flow. Capturing this interaction significantly enhances the models’ ability to reflect the observed field performance.
Accurate Diagnosis? Exploring Convergence and Divergence in Non-Western Missionary and Sociological Master Narratives of Christian Decline in Western Europe
Authors: Catto Rebecca 
Published: January 2013

Non-Western Christian missionaries from a variety of backgrounds represent Europe as being in decline in terms of its religiosity and morals. Such evaluations are set against a backdrop of Christian demographic shift from the global North to the global South and secularization theory. The shift in demographics is, however, unfinished, as is the inversion of relations implied by the vocal, critical presence of Southern Christians in Europe. There is great religious variety within Europe, the West and the global South. Hence scholars are developing fresh theoretical lenses to take better account of contexts and connections in analyses, and further research into the relationship between rhetoric and reality is called for.
Long-Term Retrospective Analysis of Surgical Treatment for Irretrievable Tuberculosis of the Ankle
Authors: Chen Shih-Hao , Lee Chen-Hsiang , Wong To , Feng Huei-Shian 
Published: January 2013

Background: Although antituberculosis medication is the first step in the management of skeletal tuberculosis (TB), surgical debridement, biopsy, synovectomy, or arthrodesis may be needed for the definitive diagnosis and treatment of the symptomatic ankle. Methods: Twenty-nine patients with TB around the ankle joint were enrolled during a 23-year period and followed for 73.1 months (range, 30-260 months) after TB was controlled. Among 61 surgical procedures performed in 29 patients, complete resolution of ankle TB was seen in 28 patients. Results: According to Martini and Ouahes classification, radiographic findings of localized osteoporosis were stage I in 4 patients, one or more erosions were stage II in 9 patients, destruction of the whole joint was stage III in 8 patients, and anatomic disorganization and subluxation were stage IV in 8 patients. Functional results were excellent in 6 patients and good in 16 patients, but with talar bone collapse or hindfoot malalignment, a fair result was noted in 6 patients. The diagnostic accuracy rates were 28.5% with aspiration of synovial fluid, 66.7% in histological analysis, and 44.4% in bacteriological analysis. Mixed infection with bacterial flora was noted in 8 patients (27.6%). Conclusions: Ankle TB is easily misdiagnosed and may ultimately involve the peritalar neighboring joints with talar height loss or hindfoot deformity. Successful treatment depends on the extent of disease at presentation, accurate staging, duration of adequate chemotherapy, and optimal surgical intervention. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Single-Stage Flexor Tendon Transfer for the Treatment of Severe Concomitant Peroneus Longus and Brevis Tendon Tears
Authors: Jockel Jeffrey R. , Brodsky James W. 
Published: January 2013

Background: Although peroneal tendon injuries are a common cause of lateral ankle pain, there is a paucity of literature specifically addressing the treatment of severe concomitant peroneus longus and brevis tears. The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient outcomes following a single-stage flexor tendon transfer for the treatment of severe concomitant tears of both peroneal tendons. Methods: Eight patients were treated with a single-stage flexor tendon transfer for severe concomitant peroneus longus and brevis tears over a 15-year period. Mean age at the time of surgery was 54 years (range, 41-67 years), including 4 male and 4 female patients. Tendon transfer of either the flexor hallucis longus (FHL) or flexor digitorum longus (FDL) was performed when both peroneal tendons were found intraoperatively to have severe nonreconstructable tears. Mean follow-up time from surgery was 58 months (range, 12-91 months). Preoperative and postoperative AOFAS hindfoot and visual analog pain scores were prospectively collected, and patient charts were reviewed for complications. A postoperative outcome questionnaire was administered during latest follow-up to assess return to activities, satisfaction, and self-rated patient outcome. Results: Mean pre- and postoperative AOFAS hindfoot scores increased from 64 (range, 54-77) to 86 (range, 69-100), whereas mean score for pain on a visual analog scale decreased from 4.2 (range, 0.5-6) to 0.7 (range, 0-3). One surgical complication occurred following FDL transfer in a patient who developed a transient peroneal nerve palsy, and 1 patient underwent a subsequent calcaneal osteotomy. Seven of 8 patients reported a return to preoperative activity levels, and no patient required bracing for activities of daily living. All patients reported satisfaction with surgical results, and 7 rated their outcomes as good or excellent. Conclusion: Single-stage flexor tendon transfer is an effective surgical option for the treatment of severe concomitant peroneus longus and brevis tendon tears. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.