bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Organic Metal Derived from a Selenium Analogue of Benzothienobenzothiophene
Authors: Higashino Toshiki , Kadoya Tomofumi , Kumeta Shohei , Kurata Kohei , Kawamoto Tadashi , Mori Takehiko 
Published: June 2014

AbstractBenzothieno[3,2‐b]benzothiophene (BTBT) is an excellent organic transistor material, and its charge‐transfer salt (BTBT)2PF6 is an organic metal that exhibits conductivity as high as 1500 S cm–1 at room temperature. Here, we report a charge‐transfer salt of the selenium analogue, benzoseleno[3,2‐b]benzoselenophene (BSBS). (BSBS)2TaF6 is a one‐dimensional metal isostructural to (BTBT)2PF6. The resistance jump temperature is reduced from 150 to 90 K, and the increase of the low‐temperature resistivity is largely diminished. However, the spin susceptibility shows an obvious drop below 50 K, which implies that the low‐temperature ground state is essentially a singlet state.
In vitro investigation of antioxidant, anti‐Inflammatory, and antiplatelet adhesion properties of genistein‐modified poly(ethersulfone)/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) hemodialysis membranes
Authors: Chang Teng , DeFine Linda , Alexander Thomas , Kyu Thein 
Published: June 2014

AbstractHemocompatibility of genistein‐modified poly(ethersulfone)/poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PES/PVP) hemodialysis (HD) membranes has been investigated in vitro with emphasis on evaluation of cell viability, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiplatelet adhesion properties. Genistein modified PES/PVP membranes reveal significant reduction of the reactive oxygen species and also considerable suppression of interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α levels in whole blood, but to a lesser extent ininterleukin‐6. The incorporation of PVP into the HD membrane reduces platelet adhesion by virtue of its hydrophilicity. Of particular importance is that platelet adhesion of the genistein modified membranes declines noticeably at low concentrations of genistein for about 5–10%, beyond which it raises the number of adhered platelets. The initial decline in the platelet adhesion is attributable to genistein's ability to inhibit intercellular and/or vascular cell adhesion, whereas the reversal of this adhesion trend with further increase of genistein loading is ascribed to the inherent hydrophobicity of the genistein modified HD membrane. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 539–547, 2015.
Characterization of an injectable, degradable polymer for mechanical stabilization of mandibular fractures
Authors: Henslee Allan M. , Yoon Diana M. , Lu Benjamin Y. , Yu Joseph , Arango Andrew A. , Marruffo Liann P. , Seng Luke , Anver Tamir D. , Ather Hunaiza , Nair Manitha B. , Piper Sean O. , Demian Nagi , Wong Mark E. K. , Kasper F. Kurtis , Mikos Antonios G. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the use of injectable poly(propylene fumarate) (PPF) formulations for mandibular fracture stabilization applications. A full factorial design with main effects analysis was employed to evaluate the effects of the PPF:N‐vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP, crosslinking agent) ratio and dimethyl toluidine (DMT, accelerator) concentration on key physicochemical properties including setting time, maximum temperature, mechanical properties, sol fraction, and swelling ratio. Additionally, the effects of formulation crosslinking time on the mechanical and swelling properties were investigated. The results showed that increasing the PPF:NVP ratio from 3:1 to 4:1 or decreasing the DMT concentration from 0.05 to 0.01 v/w % significantly decreased all mechanical properties as well as significantly increased the sol fraction and swelling ratio. Also, increasing the crosslinking time at 37°C from 1 to 7 days significantly increased all mechanical properties and decreased both the sol fraction and swelling ratio. This study further showed that the flexural stiffness of ex vivo stabilized rabbit mandibles increased from 1.7 ± 0.3 N/mm with a traditional mini‐plate fixator to 14.5 ± 4.1 N/mm for the 4:1 (0.05 v/w % DMT) PPF formulation at day 1. Overall, the formulations tested in this study were found to have properties suitable for potential further consideration in mandibular fracture fixation applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 529–538, 2015.
GATA4 Is Essential for Bone Mineralization via ERα and TGFβ/BMP Pathways
Authors: Güemes Miriam , Garcia Alejandro J , Rigueur Diana , Runke Stephanie , Wang Weiguang , Zhao Gexin , Mayorga Victor Hugo , Atti Elisa , Tetradis Sotirios , Péault Bruno , Lyons Karen , Miranda-Carboni Gustavo A , Krum Susan A 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass, leading to an increased risk of fragility fractures. GATA4 is a zinc-finger transcription factor that is important in several tissues, such as the heart and intestines, and has recently been shown to be a pioneer factor for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in osteoblast-like cells. Herein, we demonstrate that GATA4 is necessary for estrogen-mediated transcription and estrogen-independent mineralization in vitro. In vivo deletion of GATA4, driven by Cre-recombinase in osteoblasts, results in perinatal lethality, decreased trabecular bone properties, and abnormal bone development. Microarray analysis revealed GATA4 suppression of TGFβ signaling, necessary for osteoblast progenitor maintenance, and concomitant activation of BMP signaling, necessary for mineralization. Indeed, pSMAD1/5/8 signaling, downstream of BMP signaling, is decreased in the trabecular region of conditional knockout femurs, and pSMAD2/3, downstream of TGFβ signaling, is increased in the same region. Together, these experiments demonstrate the necessity of GATA4 in osteoblasts. Understanding the role of GATA4 to regulate the tissue specificity of estrogen-mediated osteoblast gene regulation and estrogen-independent bone differentiation may help to develop therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Risk factors associated with severe and recurrent angioedema: An epidemic linked to ACE‐inhibitors
Authors: Loftus Patricia A. , Tan Melin , Patel Gunj , Lin Juan , Helman Sam , Badhey Arvind , Du Eugenie , Smith Richard V. , Fried Marvin P. , Ow Thomas J. 
Published: June 2014

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the etiology and risk factors for severe manifestation and recurrent episodes of angioedema; to evaluate efficacy of short‐term and long‐term management strategies for angioedema among a high‐risk population.Study DesignInstitutional review board‐approved retrospective review of a large, urban population.MethodsData from 875 adult patients treated from January 2008 to December 2013 with the diagnosis of angioedema were obtained using the Clinical Looking Glass utility and review of medical records. Demographic and clinicopathologic risk factors were recorded. The major outcomes evaluated were hospital admission, need for airway intervention, and recurrent episodes of angioedema following the first presentation. Initial treatment strategy and follow‐up recommendations were also recorded.ResultsThe most common cause of angioedema was angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi)‐induced (496 [56.6%]). Significant risk factors for severe cases of angioedema included older age, Hispanic race, ACEi‐induced angioedema type, American Society of Anesthesiologists class III or above, coexistent cardiopulmonary disease, and a positive smoking history. A total of 17.2% of patients experienced recurrent attacks of angioedema; of those patients, 25.9% were still taking an ACEi at subsequent presentation. Risk factors for recurrent episodes included older age, idiopathic angioedema type, and coexistent cardiopulmonary disease. Only 54.1% of patients who experienced ACEi‐induced angioedema had electronic medical record documentation of these allergies.ConclusionsKnowledge of risk factors for severe and recurrent episodes of angioedema and improved education for both healthcare providers and patients, specifically related to ACEi use and allergy documentation, may significantly decrease the burden and morbidity of angioedema among high risk populations.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 124:2502–2507, 2014
Radical polymerization of 2,5‐norbornadienes containing ester groups by AIBN and oxygen gas
Authors: Shiotsuki Masashi , Kai Hironobu , Endo Takeshi 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTNew 2,5‐norbornadiene‐type monomers bearing 1‐adamantyl and cyclohexyl ester groups on their 2‐position polymerized with azobisisobutyronitrile to form the polymers consisting of two types of polymer unit structures. The major part had a saturated nortricyclene framework, which was formed by 2,6‐addition along with intramolecular cyclization on the norbornadiene moiety. The minor part consisted of 2‐norbornene‐type units constructed via 2,3‐addition. A series of norbornadiene‐based monomers spontaneously polymerized in the presence of oxygen. Because a radical inhibitor, namely hydroquinone, could suppress this spontaneous reaction, it was indicated that the oxygen‐induced polymerization proceeds via free‐radical polymerization mechanism. Changing a quantity of provided oxygen gas (O2) to a norbornadiene monomer significantly affected on polymerization results, in specific, molecular weight of the formed polymer, which indicated that oxygen serves as one of the key reagents for the formation of free‐radical initiating species. It was proven that the combination of norbornadiene ethyl ester with O2 was applicable as a new free‐radical initiator for polymerization of methyl methacrylate. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 2528–2536
Synthesis and characterization of D‐(−)‐Salicine‐based star copolymers containing pendant carboxyl groups with fluorophore dyes
Authors: Mielańczyk Anna , Neugebauer Dorota 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTSalicin was modified to monoacetals and diacetals with bromoester groups (fBr = 4 and 6) initiating atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). These glucoinitiators were used to synthesize 4‐ and 6‐arm star copolymers of tert‐butyl methacrylate (tBMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) with different arm polymerization degree (DParm = 13 − 79), and composition (25–75 mol % of tBMA). The transformation of hydrophobic stars into amphiphilics by acidolysis of tert‐butyl groups resulted in copolymers with various contents of hydrophilic fraction based on methacrylic acid (MAA) units (13–75 mol %), which were labeled with fluorescein amine (FA) for the future studies of targeted internalization. The UV spectroscopy and fluorescence measurements of the prepared copolymers confirmed the incorporation of fluorophore moieties (1–14 FA labeled units as max. 5% of total MAA units). The solution properties of star polyacids observed by DLS in a function of a pH show a specific behavior related to the interchain/intrachain interactions yielding particles with diameter sizes in the range from 3 to 15 nm, which can be significantly increased to 180–270 nm by addition of NaCl. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 2399–2411
Stretchable and transparent hydrogels as soft conductors for dielectric elastomer actuators
Authors: Chen Baohong , Bai Yuanyuan , Xiang Feng , Sun Jeong‐Yun , Mei Chen Yong , Wang Hong , Zhou Jinxiong , Suo Zhigang 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTA soft ionic conductor can serve as an artificial nerve in an artificial muscle. A polyacrylamide hydrogel is synthesized containing a hygroscopic salt, lithium chloride. Two layers of the hydrogel are used as ionic conductors to sandwich a dielectric elastomer and fabricate a highly stretchable and transparent actuator. When the two layers of the hydrogels are subject to a voltage, the actuator reduces its thickness and expands. An areal strain of 134% is demonstrated. The voltage‐strain curves are calculated by using a model that accounts for the elastic constraint of the hydrogel and the inhomogeneous deformation of the actuator. For actuators fabricated with the hydrogel of various thicknesses and with the dielectric elastomer of various prestretches, excellent agreements are found between experimental data and theoretical predictions. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014, 52, 1055–1060
An architecture for secure mobile devices
Authors: Mayrhofer René 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMobile devices such as smart phones have become one of the preferred means of accessing digital services, both for consuming and creating content. Unfortunately, securing such mobile devices is inherently difficult for a number of reasons. In this article, we review recent research results, systematically analyze the technical issues of securing mobile device platforms against different threats, and discuss a resulting and currently unsolved problem: How to create an end‐to‐end secure channel between the digital service (e.g., a secure wallet application on an embedded smart card or an infrastructure service connected over wireless media) and the user. Although the problem has been known for years and technical approaches start appearing in products, the user interaction aspects have remained unsolved. We discuss the reasons for this difficulty and suggest potential approaches to create human‐verifiable secure communication with components or services within partially untrusted devices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enediynes, enyne‐allenes, their reactions, and beyond
Authors: Kraka Elfi , Cremer Dieter 
Published: June 2014

Enediynes undergo a Bergman cyclization reaction to form the labile 1,4‐didehy‐drobenzene (p‐benzyne) biradical. The energetics of this reaction and the related Schreiner–Pascal reaction as well as that of the Myers–Saito and Schmittel reactions of enyne‐allenes are discussed on the basis of a variety of quantum chemical and available experimental results. The computational investigation of enediynes has been beneficial for both experimentalists and theoreticians because it has led to new synthetic challenges and new computational methodologies. The accurate description of biradicals has been one of the results of this mutual fertilization. Other results have been the computer‐assisted drug design of new antitumor antibiotics based on the biological activity of natural enediynes, the investigation of hetero‐ and metallo‐enediynes, the use of enediynes in chemical synthesis and materials science, or an understanding of catalyzed enediyne reactions.This article is categorized under:

Structure and Mechanism > Molecular Structures
The epidemiological profile of inflammatory bowel disease patients on biologic therapy at a public hospital in Alagoas
Authors: de Barros Petrille André Cavalcante , da Silva Alberson Maylson Ramos , Neto M.Á.d.F. Lins 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), represented by Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic and idiopathic inflammatory conditions involving the gastrointestinal tract. There are several epidemiological studies that have shown an increased incidence of IBD worldwide.
Objective To analyze the epidemiological profile of patients with IBD under biologic therapy, treated in a coloproctology outpatient clinic, Hospital Universitario Professor Alberto Antunes, Alagoas.
Methods Retrospective observational clinical study, conducted by collecting patients’ records and interviewing them at the time of follow-up.
Results 40 patients were evaluated: 70% female, 27 patients (67.5%) with CD and 13 (32.5%) with UC, mean age of 37.8 years and predominance of white ethnicity. The ileocolonic area was more frequently affected among patients with CD (33.3%), whereas the extensive colitis presentation predominated among UC patients (61.5%). 95% of the patients received some medication before using biologicals. 70% of the respondents remain in deep remission in the period of 6–60 months.
Conclusion The socioeconomic profile of patients was similar to that described in the literature. Crohn's disease was more frequent in our study, while extensive colitis was more common among UC patients. Most patients used biologicals after failure of other treatment options.
Hip Rotator Strength in Healthy Young Adults Measured in Hip Flexion and Extension by Using a Hand‐held Dynamometer
Authors: Bloom Nancy , Cornbleet Suzanne L. 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of hip joint position on hip rotator muscle strength of healthy young adults by using a hand‐held dynamometer.DesignA cross‐sectional cohort study.SettingA university medical center.ParticipantsThirty‐four healthy (19 women, 15 men; mean [standard deviation] age, 25 ± 2.3 years) participated in this study.MethodsA hand‐held dynamometer was used to measure the strength of hip internal rotators and external rotators in 2 positions: hip flexion in sitting and hip extension in supine. The hip was tested in a neutral position with respect to rotation, abduction, and adduction. Isometric force in pounds was measured as the subject pushed against the device.Main Outcome MeasurementsFor each subject, hip rotator muscle strength measurements were taken during a single session. Hypotheses were developed before data collection.ResultsHip internal rotators were significantly stronger in hip flexion compared with hip extension (P < .01). There was no significant difference found in the hip external rotators between the 2 positions.ConclusionsHip internal rotators and external rotators behave differently when comparing strength measurements between the positions of hip flexion and hip extension. A hand‐held dynamometer provided an objective measurement of strength that was clinically feasible to use. Both muscle length and moment arms influence force production of the hip rotators as the hip position changes. Understanding these relationships may help clinicians interpret strength findings and direct intervention toward strengthening the appropriate muscles by using the most advantageous position.
Swirling Flow Over an Oscillatory Stretchable Disk
Authors: Munawar S. , Ali A. , Saleem N. , Naqeeb A. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this work a numerical investigation has been conducted to study the unsteady oscillatory flow of a viscous fluid induced by a swirling disk. The disk stretches radially with the time-based sinusoidal oscillations. The governing equations for the three-dimensional boundary layer-flow are normalized using a suitable set of similarity transformations. The normalized partial differential equations are then solved numerically using a finite difference scheme by altering the semi-infinite domain to a finite domain. The effects of various imperative parameters on the oscillatory flow are discussed with graphs and tables.
REVIEWING THE UNITED KINGDOM'S ICCPR IMMIGRATION RESERVATION IN HONG KONG COURTS
Authors: Ramsden Michael 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn 1976 the UK ratified the ICCPR with a reservation that prevented individuals without the right to ‘enter and remain’ in the UK from invoking Article 12(4) and ‘other provisions’ of the covenant. Upon Hong Kong's reunification with China, the ICCPR ‘as applied to Hong Kong’ in accordance with the UK's ratification was constitutionally guaranteed. It will be argued that the legislation implementing the ICCPR does not reflect the constitutional guarantee ‘as applied to Hong Kong’ because it amounts to a blanket exclusion of all ICCPR rights in immigration matters, impermissibly going beyond the UK's reservation.
Two erotic ideals
Authors: ELLIS FIONA 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn his article ‘Nietzsche, Tristan, and the rehabilitation of erotic distance’ Joseph D. Kuzma identifies two seemingly opposed erotic ideals in Wagner's Tristan and Isolde. He claims that Nietzsche applauded the first and sought to dispense with the second, and that this was his solution to the problem of nihilism. I argue that this ‘solution’ is as ill-defined as the ideals it involves, and that it either consigns us to hell or offers a terminological variant upon theism. I rescue Schopenhauer from some familiar charges and make a link with Simone Weil's reflections upon love's impossibility.
Seasonal induction of GABAergic excitation in the central mammalian clock
Authors: Farajnia Sahar , van Westering Tirsa L. E. , Meijer Johanna H. , Michel Stephan 
Published: June 2014

Significance
The inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA plays an important role in many brain circuits involved in anxiety, depression, epilepsy, and sleep disorders. GABA is critical for maintaining the balance between excitatory and inhibitory transmission, thereby ensuring proper neuronal network function. Here, we report that entraining mice to a long-day photoperiod can modify the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the suprachiasmatic neuronal network by increasing GABAergic excitation. These data suggest that day length affects the role of GABA in the circadian clock. This finding is important given the widespread application of GABAergic drugs and the general increase in the prevalence of sleep disorders.
SPR-5 and MET-2 function cooperatively to reestablish an epigenetic ground state during passage through the germ line
Authors: Kerr Shana C. , Ruppersburg Chelsey Chandler , Francis Joshua W. , Katz David J. 
Published: June 2014

Significance
A major question in biology is how information is regulated during passage from one generation to the next. Here we show that histone methylation is regulated by a cooperative mechanism between the H3K4me2 demethylase LSD1 and the H3K9me2 methyltransferase MET-2. Without these enzymes, the transgenerational inheritance of H3K4me2 results in spermatogenesis genes being expressed somatically and in progeny being sterile. This indicates that H3K4me2 may function in the heritable maintenance of cell fate and that LSD1 and MET-2 may maintain fertility by reestablishing an epigenetic ground state between generations. In addition, by manipulating parental H3K4me2 levels, we demonstrate that chromatin states in the progeny are dependent on parental histone methylation levels. This provides a potential mechanism for the transgenerational inheritance of traits.
Spectrum of hot methane in astronomical objects using a comprehensive computed line list
Authors: Yurchenko Sergei N. , Tennyson Jonathan , Bailey Jeremy , Hollis Morgan D. J. , Tinetti Giovanna 
Published: June 2014

Significance
Hot methane is important in cool stars, brown dwarfs, exoplanets, gas turbine engines, and elsewhere. There is a pressing need for an accurate and complete spectroscopic database for methane at elevated temperatures. We present a comprehensive spectroscopic line list for methane containing almost 10 billion transitions, 2,000 times more than any previous compilation, covering a broad spectroscopic range and applicable for temperatures up to 1,500 K. We demonstrate that such a line list is essential for correctly modeling the brown dwarf 2MASS 0559-14 and leads to large changes in exoplanet models. We believe that this line list will have a large effect on the field of exoplanets and cool stars.