bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demokratie und ihr Eigentum
Authors: Wesche Tilo 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Understanding the relationship of democracy and property ownership is one of the most important tasks for contemporary political philosophy. Surprisingly, philosophers writing on democracy and ownership rarely discuss their interconnectedness. This paper aims to clarify how a normative concept of property arrangements fosters democracy. On the one hand, it argues that democracy depends on a hybrid form of private and social ownership of productive assets that is a feature of economic democracy. The basic aspect of this conception can be captured by the claim that for securing the political liberties a widespread dispersal of property in productive resources is required that minimizes the formation of prejudices and therefore improves the conditions of deliberative democracy. On the other hand, this paper argues that freedom is most central for the justification of property rights. Instead of justifying property rights by external principles of justice, democracy and legitimacy, it argues that the notion of ownership is not intelligible as long as one leaves the concept of freedom aside.
Brief aus Japan
Authors: Minobe Hitoshi 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In order to inform readers about philosophy in Japan, I treat three topics in this letter. Firstly, I talk about the Japanese word “tetsugaku” which means “philosophy”. It is one of many words that were created especially for the translation of Western concepts into Japanese in the latter half of the 19th century when Western culture had been rapidly introduced into Japan. Interestingly enough, Japanese have used this word for thought only since the encounter with the Western world and not before. In fact, what philosophy is, remains quite a complicated question in Japan. Secondly, I mention the dialogue between the Buddhist tradition and the Western philosophy in Japan. I am sure that the dialogue has produced and is still producing rich fruit in the world of philosophy. Finally, I describe how philosophy is received in Japanese society nowadays, especially at university.
The Homer Of The North or: who was Sigurður the Blind?
Authors: Jakobsson Ármann 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSigurður the Blind is a relatively obscure Icelandic poet, and there has been very little study of his work since the early 20th century, perhaps due to the fact that any such study is prone to get lost in the confusion concerning the identity of this late medieval “Homer of the North”. While this may be distracting from the study of his work, this fog may in fact be paradoxically illuminating as to the problems facing scholarship of the late Middle Ages, often revolving around sparse but nevertheless seemingly contradictory sources. Furthermore, one of the most interesting aspects of previous scholarship concerning the poet is how his blindness has figured in the attribution of various poems to Sigurður, and how this blindness has linked him to other blind poets of the 14th to the 17th centuries.
The Forest Pleas of Rockingham: A (Re)Discovered Instance of Sculptural Níð?
Authors: Lawing Sean. B. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn 1272 some dozen men in Northamptonshire, England were pursued by king’s wardens for poaching deer in the royal forest of Rockingham. Legal records for the ensuing case, a “forest plea,” tell us that the wardens caught up with the poachers at a certain forest track where members of the band set up a deer’s head on a stake, intended as an insult to the king and his men. Bo Almqvist, in his defining work
Literarischer Antisemitismus bei Knut Hamsun und Henrik Pontoppidan: zwei Varianten mit unterschiedlicher Tendenz
Authors: von Schnurbein Stefanie 
Published: July 2014

AbstractUp until now, Scandinavianist criticism has barely touched the question of a specific literary function of anti-Semitic stereotypes. This paper starts with a discussion of an older but persistent critical controversy about anti-Semitic tendencies in Knut Hamsun’s work. It then focuses on two novels,
Arc-sprayed Coatings for High Temperature Reactors in Titanium Sponge Process
Authors: Zhang Z. L. , Gong X. , Zhang N. N. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn arc-sprayed composite coating consisted of an under coat Fe25Cr5Al and a top coat Al5Si was sprayed on the reactor wall surface, which is made of mild steel and used for batch production of titanium sponges. After a trial for 15 production cycles, the morphology of the sprayed coating changed greatly into somewhat like a thermal barrier coating. A large number of composite oxides containing aluminum and chromium had been generated in situ within the protective coatings, especially close to the coating/substrate interface. The oxides generated at the interface could improve the bonding of the coating to the steel substrate together with the surface alumina on the coating surface may provide an effective and long-term protection to the steel substrate of reactor at high temperatures.
Creep Behaviour and Fracture Analysis of MoSi2 Based Composites
Authors: Ballóková Beáta , Besterci Michal , Hvizdoš Pavol 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMolybdenum disilicide based composites containing different types of additive materials such as SiC and nano SiC particles have been investigated, based on the detailed examination of their microstructures and fracture surfaces after creep. The materials were prepared via powder metallurgy using high temperature controlled reaction sintering (CRS). The creep experiments were carried out in four-point bending mode in air in the temperature range from 1273 to 1673 K, with constant stress of 100 MPa. The creep behaviour and the mechanisms of damage were investigated on fracture surfaces by SEM and the microstructure and its response to high temperature load were investigated by TEM using the thin foil technique.
Characterization of Monodispersed γ-Al2O3 Particles, Synthesized by Homogeneous Precipitation under Reflux Boiling
Authors: Haq Ikram Ul , Akhtar Khalida , Khan Zia Ullah 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this study, micron size uniform particles of aluminum compounds were synthesized by the homogeneous precipitation method under reflux boiling, using aluminum nitrate, urea and potassium sulfate as starting materials. In this method, varying amounts of the reactants were heated in a Pyrex glass round bottom flask at the boiling temperature for various periods of time, which led to the production of precipitated particles in the reactant mixtures. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of the precipitated particles revealed that uniformity in particle morphology of the precipitated particles was dependent on the applied experimental conditions. As such, the latter were extensively optimized for obtaining particles of uniform morphology and size. Some of the batches of the precipitated particles were calcined at the elevated temperature (800 and 1000 °C) for transformation into crystalline solids. Similarly, the as prepared and calcined particles were characterized by SEM, XRD, TGA/DTA and FTIR. XRD results revealed that at 1000 °C of calcinations, the as prepared amorphous alumina transformed in to crystalline state, while below this temperature, i.e. at 800 °C calcination, the powder was amorphous in nature. The point of zero charge (PZC) of the desired sample was estimated by the salt addition method.
Right thalamic lacunar infarction presenting with anomic aphasia
Authors: Natanzi Naveed , Ashourpour Sogol , Goel Pedram , Nance Patricia W. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe present two cases of thalamic infarction presentation with aphasia, which has rarely been documented in the literature. Of interest, the second case presented with a lesion in the non-dominant thalamus, which made the finding of speech impairment exceedingly rare. Anomic aphasia has been associated with lesions to the basal temporal lobe, anterior inferior temporal lobe, temporo-parieto-occipital junction and the inferior parietal lobe, but rarely in association with the thalamus. Thalamic strokes most often present with motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits; few reports in the medical literature associate aphasia with a thalamic infarction. Possible explanations include crossed aphasia, diaschisis, the hypometabolic theory, and the thalamus as a secondary language center. Our findings may hint to a relationship among language, higher cognitive function, subcortical structures, and interhemispheric connections that are yet to be understood completely. We postulate that an increasingly important role of subcortical neuronal structures in cognitive functions will be recognized as diagnostic imaging technology improves over time.
Leadership and intra-personal development: relevance to Chinese nursing students
Authors: Chan Zenobia C.Y. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIt is well known that intra-personal attributes and leadership styles are crucial elements of nursing education and practice. However, little has been done in these aspects, particularly in terms of students’ perspectives regarding various cultural influences on intra-personal development and nursing leadership. Six focus group interviews were conducted in Hong Kong to explore the meanings of intra-personal development and nursing leadership in nursing education and the clinical setting, and to analyze Chinese culture relevant to intra-personal and leadership development. The results revealed three themes (intra-personal development, nursing leadership, and cultural influence) extracted from the focus group interviews. Regarding intra-personal development, the findings from participants’ experiences suggested that they agreed with the importance of self-awareness, self-reflection, emotional competence, resilience, morality, and self-identity in nursing students. In addition, social competence, communication, team building and self-leadership, as well as crisis, conflict, and stress management, are crucial to nursing leadership. Some participants were also concerned with the cultural influence on gender barriers and hierarchism in the clinical setting. As intra-personal characteristics, leadership competence, and cultural values are crucial and fundamental in education, nursing programs should enhance these aspects for the holistic development of nursing students. Further studies across regions and time, interviews with nursing educators, and cross-cultural collaboration for nursing leadership and intra-personal development in nursing programs are recommended.
The role of teachers in youth development: reflections of students
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Wu Florence K.Y. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the students’ reflections on a subject on leadership and intrapersonal development at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Based on 66 personal reflections collected, the data were analyzed using the “framework analysis” methodology. The respondents generally showed positive attitudes toward the subject and the lecturers, and they perceived that the subject promoted their overall development in different domains. With particular reference to their reflections on the instructors teaching the subject, several emerging themes were identified, including (a) caring and supportive attitude, (b) professional pedagogical arrangements and (c) personal engagements and connections. Exemplars are presented in this paper to support the conclusions. The findings are in line with previous research that teachers play an important role in positive youth development programs.
The relationship between subjective outcome evaluation and objective outcome evaluation findings: evidence from China
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Han Xiao Yan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe relationships between subjective outcome evaluation and objective subjective evaluation measures were examined in this study. In a positive youth development program (Tin Ka Ping P.A.T.H.S. Project), 1083 high school students responded to objective outcome measures, including the Chinese Positive Youth Development Scale (CPYDS) and measures of thriving and life satisfaction at posttest. The respondents also responded to the Chinese Subjective Outcome Scale (CSOS) at posttest. Results showed that different measures derived from the CSOS (lessons, subject, sharing and benefits) had significant relationships with different measures of the CPYDS, thriving and life satisfaction. The different dimensions of the CSOS scores also predicted different objective outcome measures. The present findings provide additional evidence supporting the linkages between objective outcome and subjective outcome measures.
Process evaluation of a pilot subject on service leadership for university students in Hong Kong
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Lin Li , Liu Ting Ting , Law Moon Y.M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTo promote the holistic development of university students under the knowledge economy, a subject entitled “Service Leadership” was developed and piloted at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Process evaluation was carried out for 10 lectures, with each lecture observed by two independent observers who were registered social workers. Inter-rater reliability across the two observers was high, suggesting the observations were reliable. Results showed that program adherence was high in these lectures (mean=97.8%) and ratings on the implementation quality of the subject were also high. Some of the qualities of program implementation were significant predictors of the overall quality and success of the program. Consistent with other findings, the present study suggests that the implementation quality of “Service Leadership” was high.
Multiscale Simulation of Wedge Nanoindentation Based on the Repulsive Force-field Approach
Authors: Li Ying , Ni Yushan 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
A new method is proposed to perform the multiscale simulation of nanoindentation with wedge indenter. We designed a potential field to model the wedge indenter based on the repulsive force-field approach which was used to model round indenters. A smooth curve representing the indenter tip is used to avoid the singularity of an ideal wedge indenter. Simulation with our approach correctly shows essential features of wedge nanoindentation. The load responses during retraction is confirmed by elastic model based on the Oliver–Pharr approach. Significant indentation size effect that the contact hardness decreases with the increase of contact depth is compared with existing models. The atomic configurations of the film shows that perfect dislocations nucleate under the indenter with Burges vectors perpendicular to the indentation direction. The strain distribution under the indenter shows that the length of plastic zone in the indentation direction is much larger than the contact width.
Influence of vitamin E and quercetin on Nigerian Bonny Light crude oil-induced neuronal and testicular toxicity in Wistar rats
Authors: Ebokaiwe Azubuike P. , Farombi Ebenezer O. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background: Mounting experimental evidence highlights the testicular and neuronal toxicity of environmental/industrial chemicals in experimental animals via the mechanism involving oxidative damage. Nigerian Bonny Light crude oil (BLCO) has been reported to exhibit reproductive and neuronal toxicity in male rats. Studies have shown that vitamin E and quercetin protect rat neuronal and testicular cells from environmental chemical-induced oxidative damage. We investigated the possible protective role of quercetin and vitamin E in BLCO induced-neuronal and testicular toxicity.

Methods: Male rats were administered BLCO at doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg body wt/day p.o. three times/week for 6 weeks. Other groups were co-administered BLCO (400 and 800 mg/kg body wt/day p.o.) with/without vitamin E (50 mg/kg body wt/day p.o.) or quercetin (10 mg/kg body wt/day p.o.) three times/week for 6 weeks, respectively.

Results: Semen quality deteriorated, testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were significantly decreased, and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) increased following BLCO reatment. There was a significant decline in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) with concomitant increased levels of lipid peroxidation and activities of xanthine oxidase (XO) in a dose-dependent manner, in testes and brain of rats. Co-administration with vitamin E or quercetin reversed BLCO-induced neuronal and testicular toxicity by preventing oxidative stress, improving sperm quality, and restoring hormonal levels relative to controls.

Conclusions: BLCO altered reproductive indices and induced neuronal toxicity via the mechanism of oxidative stress. Quercetin and vitamin E showed possible chemoprotection against the toxicity.
l-Carnitine is a calcium chelator: a reason for its useful and toxic effects in biological systems
Authors: Banihani Saleem Ali , Bayachou Mekki , Alzoubi Karem 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Background: Investigation of the direct link between l-carnitine (LC), a quaternary ammonium compound that facilitates the passage of unsaturated fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix, and free calcium (Ca2+) is needed to explain a number of varying results obtained from different in vitro and in vivo studies of LC as a supplement.

Methods: The chemical structure of LC, which contains oxygen ligand atoms, prompted to measure its activity as a Ca2+ chelator. The measurement was carried out spectrophotometrically by measuring the reduction in the formation of Ca2+-o-cresolphthalein complexone (Ca-CPC) in the presence of different doses of LC (0.075, 0.75, and 7.5 mM) compared to the control (0.0 mM LC).

Results: The effect of LC was measured as a free entity in solution and when added to human serum. Our results showed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the average absorbance of Ca-CPC in the presence of LC compared to the control.

Conclusions: In conclusion, LC exhibits a significant Ca2+ chelating activity. As Ca2+ is vital in the biochemical and physiological processes of living cells, LC could be affecting the calcium-dependent biological systems by limiting the levels of free Ca2+. Examples include decelerating the blood clotting process, amplifying the effect of anticoagulants, reducing nitric oxide synthase activity, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and decreasing sperm motility.
Antiplasmodial potential of homeopathic drugsChelidoniumand nosode againstPlasmodium bergheiinfection
Authors: Bagai Upma , Walter Neha S. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground: Malaria remains a major global health concern in developing regions of the world. Homeopathy, a holistic system of medicine, has a lot to offer in protecting against malaria.Methods: In the present study, antimalarial efficacy of combination of two homeopathic drugsChelidonium30 and nosode 30 has been evaluatedin vivoagainstPlasmodium berghei(P. berghei) infection using Peters 4-day test. Biochemical assays have been performed to assess the levels of hepatic and renal function biomarkers upon drug treatment using diagnostic kits.Results: The combination of the drugs demonstrated considerablein vivoantimalarial activity with chemosuppression of 91.45% on day 7. The combination also significantly (p<0.0005) enhanced the mean survival time of mice which was calculated to be 22.5±6.31 days, whereas it was 8.55±0.83 days in infected control. The increase in levels of the liver function marker enzymes tested in serum of treated mice were significantly less (p<0.0005) than those observed in infected control on day 10. The serum urea and creatinine used for assessment of renal sufficiency were slightly elevated above normal, but were statistically significant (p<0.0005) as compared to infected control.Conclusions: The study establishes the effectiveness of the combination againstP. berghei in vivoalong with the safety of the drugs to the liver and kidney functions of the host.
Bayn ma‘had Tebuireng wa Madrasat Manba‘ al-‘Ulūm: Dirāsah tārīkhīyah ‘an nash’at mafhūm “Al-Madrasah fī al-Ma‘had”
Authors: Suharto Toto 
Published: July 2014

This article discusses the history of modernization in Indonesian Islamic education, and how its traditional education system is open to modernizing forces. By examining Pesantren Tebuireng and Pesantren Mambaul Ulum, Java’s two old Islamic boarding schools this study explains how the two pesantrens had become the subject of modernization to introduce “madrasah” system. The existing literature in the field suggests that there are two different opinions as to who was the first institution to develop the madrasah model—Pesantren Tebuireng or Pesantren Mambaul Ulum? This study reveals that, historically, Pesantren Tebuireng was the first pesantren that implemented the madrasah model; Pesantren Mambaul Ulum was not, given the fact that the latter is, institutionally, not a boarding school. There are two reasons why Mambaul Ulum is not considered as an Islamic boarding school. Firstly, the main founder of Mambaul Ulum was a King; therefore, intellectually, he did nothave a tradition with the Islamic boarding school system. Secondly, Mambaul Ulum was established with different motives, compared to other Islamic boarding schools established in Java at the time.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v21i1.882
Surface Treatments Effects for NO2 Gas Responsivity of p-Type Surface Conductive Layer on Diamond Films
Authors: Haruta Kenichi , Kimura Hideki , Chiba Masafumi 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe low resistance layer called p-type Surface Conductive Layer (PSCL) is formed when the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) was absorbed onto hydrogen-terminated surface, although the diamond is generally isolator. The PSCL conductance is dependent on NO2 concentration in the atmosphere, and this reaction has reversibility. The diamond having these characteristics can apply to gas sensor. In this study, the gas responsivity of PSCL was improved by surface treatment. The changes in the responsivity were evaluated from serial measurements of the conductance in the gas atmosphere. From this evaluation, it was observed that the adsorption and desorption of NO2 were faster via the surface conditions variation by treatment.
Characterization of a Surface Tarnish Found on Daguerreotypes Revealed under Shortwave Ultraviolet Radiation
Authors: Shugar Aaron , Lough Krista , Chen Jiuan Jiuan 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTA characteristic fluorescent tarnish can be observed on some daguerreotypes under shortwave ultraviolet radiation. The fluorescence can be seen in several distinct patterns: edge tarnish, rings, and continuous films. Dispersive Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were applied to characterize and identify the fluorescent compound. Raman spectroscopy identified the characteristic peak for copper cyanide, CuCN, at 2172 cm-1. Elemental k-ratio maps of the SEM analysis indicated an increase in copper, sodium, carbon and nitrogen in the area of fluorescence. XRD confirmed the identification of a copper cyanide compound. Shortwave ultraviolet radiation can be used in a monitoring program of daguerreotypes to further characterize the fluorescent tarnish and its effect on the deterioration of daguerreotypes.
Multiscale characterization of limestone used on monuments of cultural heritage
Authors: Saheb Mandana , Mertz Jean-Didier , Colas Estel , Rozenbaum Olivier , Chabas Anne , Michelin Anne , Verney-Carron Aurélie , Sizun Jean-Pierre 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTIn the context of the preservation of the cultural heritage, it is important to understand the alteration mechanisms of the materials constituting historical monuments and architecture. Limestone especially is widely used in many French monuments exposed to an urban aggressive atmosphere affecting their durability. To better understand the alteration mechanisms, the first step is to characterize at different scales the stone material properties. In one hand, the pore network that drives the fluids transfer inside the materials was characterized. And on the other hand, the alteration layer formed on several decades aged materials was studied. Results on this fine-scale characterization are discussed.