bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normal pregnancy outcome in a woman with chronic myeloid leukemia and epilepsy: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Sahin Levent , Aygun Banu Kumbak 
Published: December 2012

Abstract

Introduction: The management of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) during pregnancy is a matter of continued debate. Imatinib therapy for CML might be associated with fetal anomalies and discontinuation of the drug with disease progression. We present the achievement and management of a pregnancy in a woman with both CML and epilepsy. We describe the first uneventful pregnancy and successful delivery of a healthy, normal baby in a patient with CML and epilepsy.

Case report: A 25-year-old woman with both CML and epilepsy presented with infertility to our in vitro fertilization unit. She has CML diagnosed 5 years ago and epilepsy 9 years ago. She was on imatinib therapy for CML and valproic acid therapy for epilepsy. She became pregnant with ovulation monitoring in a spontaneous cycle. Because the patient was asymptomatic and stable, she stopped imatinib therapy and was observed with only a single antiepileptic drug, valproic acid, during the entire pregnancy. No problem occurred during the pregnancy, and she delivered a healthy baby by cesarean section at 38 weeks’ gestation.

Conclusion: The management of CML during pregnancy might be individualized on the basis of clinical manifestations, and close observation without any intervention may be an option after proper counseling of the patient. A healthy birth is possible in a well-controlled pregnancy in a woman with both CML and epilepsy.
Photooxidative cyclization of 3-aryl/heteroaryl-4-heteroaryl coumarins: an experimental and semi-empirical study
Authors: Kumari T.U. , Krupadanam G.L.D. , Srimannarayana G. , Padmavathi D.A. , Bhavani A.K.D. , Veeresham S. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Photochemical oxidation of substituted coumarins 1, 3 and 5 in benzene solution containing iodine gave the respective products 2, 4 and 6. The structures of the photoproducts have been confirmed by analyses of analytical and spectral data. The experimental results are further strengthened by their agreement with computationally calculated dipole moments (μ), minimum-energy values and heats of formations.
Solvent-free chemical modification of wood by acetic and butyric anhydride with iodine as catalyst
Authors: Eranna Prasad Bhadravati , Pandey Krishna Kumar 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A solvent-free process has been developed concerning the chemical modification of rubberwood and the isolates from it (holocellulose and Klason lignin) by means of acetic anhydride (Ac2O) and butyric anhydride (But2O), with iodine as the catalyst. The effect of temperature and reaction time was in focus, and the conversion products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The acetylation of holocellulose and lignin with Ac2O was performed at 120°C, whereas the modification of wood with Ac2O and But2O was carried out in the temperature range of 90–120°C for different reaction times between 15 and 240 min. The extent of the chemical modification was measured by the weight percent gain, and the modified wood was characterized by FTIR-attenuated total reflectance (ATR) method. The presence of small amounts of iodine (0.02 or 0.035 M) elevated the conversion rate of modification. The dimensional stability of the modified woods was essentially improved.
Analysis of DCM extractable components from hot-pressed hybrid poplar
Authors: Osman Noridah B. , McDonald Armando G. , Laborie Marie-Pierre G. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The effects of thermal compression on the organic-soluble material of a uniform wood substrate, hybrid poplar (clone OP-367), has been studied. Poplar veneers were preconditioned to 0% or 8% moisture content and subsequently hot pressed at 150°C, 200°C, and 250°C. The dichloromethane (DCM) extracts were characterized by various hyphenated analyses [gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), analytical pyrolysis (Py-GC-MS), electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC)]. The yields and composition of extractable compounds were markedly influenced by treatment at 250°C compared to those obtained at lower temperatures. Most importantly, the organic extracts contained a significant portion of lignin-derived compounds after treatment at 250°C.
Copper precipitation of Cu-monoethanolamine preservative in wood
Authors: Lee Myung Jae , Cooper Paul 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Copper precipitation is one of the important Cu fixation mechanisms of Cu-amine-treated wood. In the present work, possible pathways of Cu precipitation have been investigated via in vitro and in situ studies focusing on effects of pH and temperature and Cu species formed in Cu-monoethanolamine (Cu-Mea)-treated wood. Higher-concentration Cu-Mea solutions required a lower pH and higher amounts of acid for the precipitation because of the higher amount of free Mea in the preservative-wood system. For this reason, Cu fixation during wet conditioning of wood treated to high Cu retention (2.0% treating solution) resulted in only a slight pH decrease and low Cu fixation. When lower-concentration solutions (0.67% and 0.2%) were applied, the pH decreased enough for Cu precipitation, and the much higher Cu fixation rate was driven by both chemisorption and precipitation. Evaluation of leaching after wet conditioning and drying showed that additional Cu precipitation could occur during drying. Wet conditioning of Cu-Mea-treated wood at 50°C showed outwardly faster and higher Cu fixation, but resulted in higher Cu leaching. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, the in vitro precipitated Cu was a mixture of azurite and malachite, and possibly, Cu2O formed as a result of Cu-Mea decomposition.
Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyimide/Organoclay Nanocomposites Derived From 3,3′,4,4′-Biphenyltetracarboxylic Dianhydride and 1,2-Bis(4-Aminophenoxy)Ethane
Authors: Feyzi Akram , Faghihi Khalil , Zolanvari Abdol Ali 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA series of nanocomposites consist of organic polyimide and organo-modified clay content varying from 0 to 10 mass%, were successfully prepared by in situ polymerization. Polyimide used as a matrix of nanocomposite was prepared through the reaction of 1,2-bis(4-aminophenoxy)ethane (BAE) and 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC). The resulting nanocomposite films were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Morphology and Dielectric Properties of Boron-doped BaTiO3
Authors: Zheng Zhuo Qun , Zhou Xiao Ping 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBoron-doped BaTiO3 precurors (BaTi1−xB2xO3+X) were prepared via the glycol-glycerol complexes of boron, titanium (IV), and barium. With optimum composition, ceramics with dielectric properties comparable to those of pristine BaTiO3 ceramic sintered at 1300°C can be obtained after sintered at temperature less than 900°C (room-temperature dielectric constant ∼4000, dielectric strength ∼7.0 kV/mm). The appreciable decrease in sintering temperature is attributable to (a) addition of boron dopant as substitute of titamium rather than to stochiometric BaTiO3, and (b) application of glycol-glycerol solvents/ligands in the synthesis of precursors, which guarantees the compositional homogenization of the final ceramics.
A Thermodynamic Model for Evaluation of Mass Action Concentrations of Ce2O3-contained Slag Systems Based on the Ion and Molecule Coexistence Theory
Authors: Wu Chengchuan , Cheng Guoguang , Long Hu , Yang Xiaohong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAccording to the ion and molecule coexistence theory (IMCT) for molten slags and corresponding phase diagrams, a thermodynamic model for the evaluation of mass action concentrations (designated by Ni for structure unit i) for Ce2O3-Al2O3, CaO-Al2O3-Ce2O3 and CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-Ce2O3 slag systems has been formulated. The results show that when the mole fraction of Ce2O3 is at 0.49 in the binary slag, the mass action concentration of Ce2O3·Al2O3 achieves its maximum value 0.90. In a composition area of CaO/Al2O3 (mass fraction ratio) from 0.7 to 1.5 and Ce2O3 content (mass fraction) from 0 to 45% of the ternary slag at 1773 K, the results show that trends of calculated NAl2O3 are in good agreement with reported measured trends of aAl2O3. The iso-curves of NCe2O3 and NCaO are also drawn from the calculated results. A thermodynamic model of the equilibrium between 55.83%CaO-23%Al2O3-11.17%SiO2-10%Ce2O3 quaternary slag and molten steel containing aluminum has been further discussed. Results indicate that certain content of Ce would be dissolved in steel, which increases with the increasing of temperature and aluminum content, and when the aluminum content is 0.02%, the corresponding cerium content is in the range of 1.87 to 13.30 ppm at 1873 K. In summary, using Ce2O3 to replace Al2O3 can effectively reduce NAl2O3, certain content of Ce can dissolved in steel.
Investigation on Preparation of Micro-Sized Hematite Powder from Hydrous Ferrous Sulfate Using Microwave and Conventional Heating
Authors: Yu Yan-tao , Peng Jin-hui , Liu Bing-guo , Chen Guo , Srinivasakannan C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMicrowave and conventional heating were employed to synthesize micro-sized hematite powder from hydrous ferrous sulfate, a by-product in the process of titanium pigment manufacture. The TG/DTG analysis was used to study thermal behavior of the industrial ferrous sulfate. Therefore the temperature which was significant to product was defined. The calcination experiments were carried out to assess the effect of calcination temperature covering three different temperatures (650°C, 750°C and 850°C, respectively). X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was used to characterize the structure of the product, while the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to characterize the morphology of the product. Microwave calcination process resulted in a mixture of hematite and minor magnetite while a considerable amount of magnesium sulfate was detected with the conventional calcination process. The transformation from periclase to magnesium was discussed during the calcinations as well. The conventional heating resulted in porous product while the microwave heating resulted in smaller particle size.
Effect of Water-Vapor Content on Reaction Rate of Hexagonal BN Powder at 1273 K
Authors: Yu Ziyou , Hou Xinmei , Chen Zhiyuan , Chou Kuo-Chih 
Published: December 2012

AbstractHexagonal BN powder with average particle size of 1.2 µm was exposed at 1273 K in H2O/air gas mixture with the range of mass ratio from 0:100 to 6.5:100 at a total pressure of 1 atm. Thermalgravimetry (TG) method was used to measure the reaction behavior of BN powder in water vapor. XRD and SEM were employed to analyze the phases and morphological revolution during reaction. The TG curves showed that the overall reaction process could be divided into two stages. In first stage, weight gained rapidly and the main reaction was the oxidation of BN. The weight gain turning point of the curves with different water-vapor contents varied, indicating that water-vapor had an impact on oxidation rate to some degree. In second stage, weight loss due to B2O3 reacting with H2O to form volatile product. The rate of weight loss increased with increasing the water vapor content. The reaction rate was described by a linear rate law, i.e., α = −klt. The relationship between kl and partial pressure of water vapor p was described by a function of kl = 0.4p. The determination of the activation energy was complicated due to variations in the reaction mechanism.
International accessibility: a proposal for a system of symbols for people with disabilities
Authors: Domínguez Trinidad , Alén Elisa , Fraiz José 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBy collecting and analyzing existing systems of symbols linked to disabilities and thereby identifying possible problems that these symbol systems pose, this study proposes improvements that account for primary disability groups worldwide. A content analysis was applied to textual and digitalized formats to review the predominant systems of symbols. Then disability experts analyzed the proposed symbol system in a panel setting. The proposed system of disability symbols offers standardized format and content. This system outlines compliance parameters as well as the scope of group referents. Those attempting to standardize the disability field should take advantage of common synergies that reflect universal usage choices.
On the iterative inversion of generalized attenuated Radon transforms
Authors: Miqueles Eduardo X. , De Pierro Alvaro R. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract.
We are concerned with an iterative inversion of the Generalized Attenuated
Radon Transform (GART) first introduced by Kunyansky (1992). It is essentially based on approximating
the inverse of GART by
a scaled inverse Radon transform followed by an appropriate iterative refinement. This paper presents a convergence proof for this iterative method introducing tighter and computable
estimates (compared to Kunyansky) for the iteration contraction constants. As expected, such constants depend on the attenuation parameter , i.e.,
the higher is, the closer the constant is to one yielding slow convergence to the solution. Such values are compared with those obtained using the infinite-dimensional version
of the power method by Kreĭn and Rutman (1950).
Physics of the zero- photonic gap: fundamentals and latest developments
Authors: Zhou Lei , Song Zhengyong , Huang Xueqin , Chan C.T. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA short overview is presented on the research works related to the zero- gap, which appears as the volume-averaged refraction index vanishes in photonic structures containing both positive and negative-index materials. After introducing the basic concept of the zero- gap based on both rigorous mathematics and numerical simulations, the unique properties of such a band gap are discussed, including its robustness against weak disorder, wide-incidence-angle operation and scaling invariance, which do not belong to a conventional Bragg gap. We then describe the simulation and experimental verifications on the zero- gap and its extraordinary properties in different frequency domains. After that, the unusual photonic and physical effects discovered based on the zero- gap and their potential applications are reviewed, including beam manipulations and nonlinear effects. Before concluding this review, several interesting ideas inspired from the zero- gap works will be introduced, including the zero-phase gaps, zero-permittivity and zero-permeability gaps, complete band gaps, and zero-refraction-index materials with Dirac-Cone dispersion.
Nanoplasmonic sensing for nanomaterials science
Authors: Larsson Elin M. , Syrenova Svetlana , Langhammer Christoph 
Published: December 2012

AbstractNanoplasmonic sensing has over the last two decades emerged as and diversified into a very promising experimental platform technology for studies of biomolecular interactions and for biomolecule detection (biosensors). Inspired by this success, in more recent years, nanoplasmonic sensing strategies have been adapted and tailored successfully for probing functional nanomaterials and catalysts in situ and in real time. An increasing number of these studies focus on using the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) as an experimental tool to study a process of interest in a nanomaterial, with a materials science focus. The key assets of nanoplasmonic sensing in this area are its remote readout, non-invasive nature, single particle experiment capability, ease of use and, maybe most importantly, unmatched flexibility in terms of compatibility with all material types (particles and thin/thick layers, conductive or insulating) are identified. In a direct nanoplasmonic sensing experiment the plasmonic nanoparticles are active and simultaneously constitute the sensor and the studied nano-entity. In an indirect nanoplasmonic sensing experiment the plasmonic nanoparticles are inert and adjacent to the material of interest to probe a process occurring in/on this material. In this review we define and discuss these two generic experimental strategies and summarize the growing applications of nanoplasmonic sensors as experimental tools to address materials science-related questions.
Nanotechnology meets regenerative medicine: a new frontier?
Authors: Wong Kenneth K.Y. , Liu Xuelai 
Published: December 2012

AbstractRegenerative medicine is the creation of a tissue or organ with normal structures and functions to replace the lost or impaired ones via biological modulation and tissue engineering. Indeed, many researchers have focused on exploring new techniques or approaches in this field. In recent years, numerous nanotechnologies have been incorporated into the field of regenerative medicine, aiming to replace tissues. The application of nanotechnology is important as many nanomaterials exhibit novel biological properties in the modulation of cellular events. The two main directions in this field are to provide biologically compatible scaffolds as an optimal environment for cell migration and proliferation; as well as to attempt to induce stem cell recruitment and differentiation. Thus, this review will focus on these two aspects, briefly describing the clinical applications.
Immune responses of therapeutic lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Chen Weihsu Claire , May Jonathan P. , Li Shyh-Dar 
Published: December 2012

AbstractNanoparticle-based drug delivery is an emerging technology for targeting therapeutics to the diseased site for enhanced therapy and reduced toxicity. A number of pharmaceutical products that involve nanotechnology have been approved for clinical use, and because of altered pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, their profiles of interaction with host cells and resulting toxicity are different from parent agents. This review focuses on the immune responses induced by therapeutic lipid nanoparticles. These immune responses can provoke toxicity, affect pharmacokinetics of the nanoparticles or induce therapeutic effect. This article begins with a general introduction on immune responses and innate and acquired immunity. Specific examples of therapeutic lipid nanoparticles inducing immune responses in each category are presented with detailed discussions on the mechanisms. Current guidelines for evaluating immune response of nanomedicines are summarized. Finally, perspectives and future directions are provided emphasizing mechanistic studies of immune reactions triggered by nanoparticles.
The Consequences of Divide-and-Rule Politics in Africa South of the Sahara
Authors: Bethke Felix S. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
In post-colonial Africa many rulers relied on so called ‘divide-and-rule’ politics to survive in office. The concept of divide-and-rule describes a strategy for rulers to sustain power by exploiting coordination problems among potential rivals. Rulers can break up rival concentrations of power by making discriminatory offers/sanctions or simply destroying communication channels among potential rivals. In this paper I will study the consequences of ‘divide-and-rule’ politics using original data on cabinet changes. In the empirical analysis I focus on the question whether cabinet shuffles affect the probability that a ruler is deposed in a coup d’etat and the probability of a coup attempt respectively. The analysis reveals that the incidence of a cabinet shuffle decreases the probability of a successful coup. This result proved to be robust even when accounting for endogeneity using an instrumental variable approach. The results also showed that if rulers excessively reshuffle their ministers they risk a higher probability of coup attempts. Cabinet volatility, measured as the frequency of cabinet shuffles within six month is positively related to the probability of a coup attempt.
Citizenry Accountability in Autocracies
Authors: Gilli Mario , Li Yuan 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Do the citizens have a role in constraining policies in autocratic governments? Usually the political and economic literature model autocracy as if the citizens have no role in constraining leader’s behavior, but actually autocratic government are afraid of possible citizens’ revolts. In this paper we focus on contemporary China to analyze how citizens might induce an autocratic government to adopt congruent policies. Although there is no party or electoral competition, the leader fears deposition by coup d’etat of the selectorate and revolutionary threats from citizens. We build a three player political agency model to study the role of both these constraints and we show that the effectiveness of the selectorate and of revolutionary threats are crucial factors in determining the policy outcomes. In particular, we show that the citizens can effectively discipline the leader because of the revolution threat notwithstanding the selectorate size, but this may result in a failed state when the costs of revolting and the selectorate size are small. As the size of the selectorate and the costs of revolution vary dramatically across countries, our result explain why different types of autocracies arise. In particular our model and results provide a useful framework to interpret China policy in the last twenty years.
Wartime Violence and Post-Conflict Political Mobilization in Mozambique
Authors: Mcdougal Topher , Caruso Raul 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Mozambique’s post-conflict development has recently focused on the promise of biofuels production, and the Government of Mozambique has accordingly made hundreds of agricultural concessions to foreign and domestic corporations since 2006. In response, local groups have sought community land grants to protect livelihoods. We seek to understand whether the magnitude and recentness of violent events during Mozambique’s 16-year civil war determined the success of communities’ efforts to secure lands. We hypothesize that violence weakens the ability of communities to protect their traditional land uses from concessions by lobbying for community land grants. This hypothesis - dubbed the “weak institutions hypothesis” - is contrasted with the idea that violence galvanizes political participation. We test the hypothesis using GIS-generated data at the district level on recognized community landholdings and civil war events. Controlling for factors such as market access, road distance to grain warehouses, and spatial auto-correlation, we find that more intense violence is possibly (but not significantly) associated with more land grants, and that districts experiencing more recent violence are actually more likely to lobby successfully for land grants - lending support to the idea that violence boosts community use of riskpooling institutions.
The effect of within-group inequality in a conflict against a unitary threat
Authors: Cubel Maria , Sanchez-Pages Santiago 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A group of agents must defend their individual income from an external threat by pooling their efforts against it. The winner of this confrontation is determined by a contest success function where members’ efforts display a varying degree of complementarity. Individual effort is costly and its cost follows a convex isoelastic function. We investigate how the success of the group in the conflict and its members’ utilities vary with the degree of within-group inequality. We show that there is a natural relationship between the group’s probability of victory and the Atkinson index of inequality. If members’ efforts are complementary or the cost function convex enough, more egalitarianism within the group increases the likelihood of victory against the external threat. The opposite holds when members’ efforts are substitutes and the cost linear enough.