bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myelodysplastic syndromes: 2015 Update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification and management
Authors: Garcia‐Manero Guillermo 
Published: August 2015

Disease overview: The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a very heterogeneous group of myeloid disorders characterized by peripheral blood cytopenias and increased risk of transformation to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). MDS occurs more frequently in older males and in individuals with prior exposure to cytotoxic therapy.Diagnosis: Diagnosis of MDS is based on morphological evidence of dysplasia upon visual examination of a bone marrow aspirate and biopsy. Information obtained from additional studies such as karyotype, flow cytometry, or molecular genetics is complementary but not diagnostic.Risk‐stratification: Prognosis of patients with MDS can be calculated using a number of scoring systems. In general, all these scoring systems include analysis of peripheral cytopenias, percentage of blasts in the bone marrow, and cytogenetic characteristics. The most commonly used system still is probably the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS). IPSS is being replaced by the new revised score IPSS‐R.Risk‐adapted therapy: Therapy is selected based on risk, transfusion needs, percent of bone marrow blasts, and more recently cytogenetic and mutational profiles. Goals of therapy are different in lower risk patients than in higher risk. In lower risk, the goal is to decrease transfusion needs and transformation to higher risk disease or AML, as well as to improve survival. In higher risk, the goal is to prolong survival. Current available therapies include growth factor support, lenalidomide, hypomethylating agents, intensive chemotherapy, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The use of lenalidomide has significant clinical activity in patients with lower risk disease, anemia, and a chromosome 5 alteration. 5‐Azacitidine and decitabine have activity in higher risk MDS. 5‐Azacitidine has been shown to improve survival in higher risk MDS. A number of new molecular lesions have been described in MDS that may serve as new therapeutic targets or aid in the selection of currently available agents. Additional supportive care measures may include the use of prophylactic antibiotics and iron chelation.Management of progressive or refractory disease: At the present time there are no approved interventions for patients with progressive or refractory disease particularly after hypomethylating based therapy. Options include participation in a clinical trial or cytarabine based therapy and stem cell transplantation. Am. J. Hematol. 90:832–841, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stimuli‐Responsive DNA‐Functionalized Nano‐/Microcontainers for Switchable and Controlled Release
Authors: Lu Chun‐Hua , Willner Itamar 
Published: August 2015

AbstractStimuli‐responsive DNA‐functionalized nano‐ and microcontainers composed of mesoporous SiO2 nanoparticles (MP SiO2 NPs), microcapsules, or micelles/vesicles act as carriers for the transport and release of drugs. The information encoded in the DNA sequences provides instructive information for the gating of drug‐loaded pores of MP SiO2 NPs, for the assembly and degradation of microcapsules or lipid–DNA micelles/vesicles, and for the targeting of nano‐/microcontainers to cancer cells. Different triggers are applied to release the drugs loaded in the nano‐/microcontainers by unlocking the pores of the MP SiO2 NPs or by degradation of the containers. These include the use of switchable DNA nanostructures (nucleic acid hairpins, i‐motif, G‐quadruplexes) and the implementation of chemical, thermal, or photonic stimuli. Also, catalytic processes stimulated by DNAzymes or enzymes are used to release drugs from the nano‐/microcontainers.
Aging of polyamide 11. Part 3: Multiscale model predicting the mechanical properties after hydrolytic degradation
Authors: Mazan Tobiasz , Jørgensen Jens Kjær , Echtermeyer Andreas 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTA holistic general multiscale model of polymer degradation has been applied to predict the mechanical properties of polyamide 11 after the hydrolytic ageing. Results for elastic modulus, tensile strength, and embrittlement threshold have been compared with experimental aging in deoxygenated water at 120°C. For all studied properties the modeled trend is close to the experimental test results confirming hydrolysis induced chain scission and chemicrystalization as the two main mechanisms of property change. This suggests that the multiscale modeling methodology can provide a valuable alternative to accelerated aging tests. The model also indicated that the crystalline phase does play a role in the plastic deformation. Moreover, the mechanical equilibrium between effects of macromolecule degradation and an increased degree of crystallinity has been described. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42792.
A Ratiometric Luminescent Thermometer Co‐doped with Lanthanide and Transition Metals
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Hou Zhaohui , Ha Denghui , Li Huanrong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractHerein, we report the fabrication of a sensitive ratiometric and colorimetric luminescent thermometer with a wide operating‐temperature range, from cryogenic temperatures up to high temperatures, through the combination of lanthanide and transition metal complexes. Benefiting from the transition metal complex as a self‐reference, the lanthanide content in the mixed‐coordination complex, Eu0.05(Mebip‐mim bromine)0.15Zn0.95(Mebip‐mim bromine)1.9, was lowered to 5 %.
Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model to identify mechanisms contributing to entacapone low bioavailability
Authors: Alqahtani Saeed , Kaddoumi Amal 
Published: August 2015

AbstractEntacapone is an inhibitor of catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) and is being used to extend the therapeutic effect of levodopa in patients with advanced and fluctuating Parkinson's disease. Entacapone has low and variable oral bioavailability and the underlying mechanism(s) for this behavior have not been studied. To explain such behavior and to characterize the dynamic changes in the metabolism of entacapone, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model was developed integrating in silico, in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic data. The model was developed and verified in healthy volunteers and subsequently expanded to predict the pharmacokinetic parameters of entacapone phosphate, a prodrug of entacapone, and to assess the impact of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of entacapone. Low and inter‐individual variability in bioavailability could be attributed to the extensive first‐pass metabolism by UGTs in the liver and, to a lesser extent, the small intestine. The predictive performance of this model was acceptable with predicted Cmax, AUC and PD parameters lying within 20% of the observed data. The model indicates that the low bioavailability could be attributed to the extensive first‐pass effect of entacapone. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Family of 12‐Azametallacrown‐4 Structural Motif with Heterometallic MnIII‐Ln‐MnIII‐Ln (Ln=Dy, Er, Yb, Tb, Y) Alternate Arrangement and Single‐Molecule Magnet Behavior
Authors: Yang Hua , Cao Fan , Li Dacheng , Zeng Suyuan , Song You , Dou Jianmin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractMixed 3d–4f 12‐azametallacrown‐4 complexes, [Mn2Ln2(OH)2(hppt)4(OAc)2(DMF)2]⋅2 DMF⋅H2O [Ln=Dy (1), Er (2), Yb (3), Tb (4) and Y (5), H2hppt=3‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐5‐(pyrazin‐2‐yl)‐1,2,4‐triazole)], were synthesized by reactions of H2hppt with Mn(OAc)2⋅4 H2O and Ln(NO3)3⋅6 H2O. This is the first 3d–4f azametallacrown family to incorporate Ln ions into the ring sets. These isostructural complexes exhibit alternating arrangements of two Mn and two Ln ions in the rings with each pair of metal centers bound by an NN group and μ2‐O bridging. Magnetic measurements revealed dominant antiferromagnetic interactions between metal centers, and frequency‐dependent out‐of‐phase (${\chi {^\prime}{^\prime}_{\rm{M}} }$) signals below 4 K suggest slow relaxation of magnetization.
Di‐tert‐Butyl Peroxide‐Mediated Atom‐Transfer Radical Addition of 2‐Chlorodithiane to Aryl Alkynes under Mild Conditions
Authors: Lai Junshan , Tian Lixia , Liang Yongping , Zhang Yuan , Xie Xingang , Fang Bowen , Tang Shouchu 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAtom transfer radical addition (ATRA) of 2‐chlorodithiane onto aryl alkynes through the use of di‐tert‐butyl peroxide as an oxidant at room temperature directly affords a variety of synthetically valuable β‐chloro‐(Z)‐vinyl dithianes in good yields with high regioselectivities and without the assistance of any transition metals. It provides an operationally simple pathway to access vinyl dithianes with controlled formation of a new C(sp2)C bond and a C(sp2)Cl bond.
HF‐free synthesis of MIL‐101(Cr) and its hydrogen adsorption studies
Authors: Rallapalli Phani B. S. , Raj Manoj C. , Senthilkumar S. , Somani Rajesh S. , Bajaj Hari C. 
Published: August 2015

The present study focused on the hydrofluoric acid (HF) free synthesis of chromium based metal organic framework, MIL‐101(Cr) and its application for hydrogen storage. MIL‐101(Cr) has been synthesized hydrothermally using HF, acetic acid, perfluorobenzoic acid, and without acid. The characterization of the synthesized materials were carried out using powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and surface area (BET) by nitrogen adsorption isotherm at 77 K. The results demonstrated that acetic acid mediated synthesized MIL‐101(Cr) exhibited higher surface area and pore volume than those synthesized with other organic acids. This may be due to the enhanced dissolution of terephthalic acid in the presence of acetic acid which facilitates the formation of MIL‐101(Cr) nuclei during the synthesis. A comparison of conventional and HF free‐synthesized MIL‐101(Cr) for hydrogen adsorption capacity determined at 77 K up to 4500 kPa revealed that MIL‐101(Cr) synthesized using acetic acid exhibited higher hydrogen adsorption capacity (5.6 wt %) than the MIL‐101(Cr) synthesized with perfluorobenzoic acid (3.7 wt %) and without acid (4.8%). However, it is slightly less than the H2 adsorption capacity of MIL‐101(Cr) synthesized using HF (6.1 wt %). The higher H2 adsorption capacity of MIL‐101(Cr) synthesized using acetic acid can be attributed to the better terephthalate–chromium interaction which facilitates the formation of more crystalline product thereby creating more unsaturated metal centers in MIL‐101(Cr). The present study suggested that acetic acid may be a suitable alternative for highly corrosive and hazardous HF which led to easier preparation of MIL‐101(Cr) for the large‐scale production and applications. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 461–468, 2016
Population vulnerability to storm surge flooding in coastal Virginia, USA
Authors: Liu Hua , Behr Joshua G , Diaz Rafael 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This study aims to assess the vulnerability of populations to storm surge flooding in 12 coastal localities of Virginia, USA. Population vulnerability is assessed by way of 3 physical factors (elevation, slope, and storm surge category), 3 built-up components (road availability, access to hospitals, and access to shelters), and 3 household conditions (storm preparedness, financial constraints to recovering from severe weather events, and health fragility). Fuzzy analysis is used to generate maps illustrating variation in several types of population vulnerability across the region. When considering physical factors and household conditions, the most vulnerable neighborhoods to sea level rise and storm surge flooding are largely found in urban areas. However, when considering access to critical infrastructure, we find rural residents to be more vulnerable than nonrural residents. These detailed assessments can inform both local and state governments in catastrophic planning. In addition, the methodology may be generalized to assess vulnerability in other coastal corridors and communities. The originality is highlighted by evaluating socioeconomic conditions at refined scale, incorporating a broader range of human perceptions and predispositions, and employing a geoinformatics approach combining physical, built-up, and socioeconomic conditions for population vulnerability assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:500–509. © 2015 SETAC
Key Points
The most vulnerable neighborhoods to storm surge flooding are largely found in urban areas when considering physical factors and household resilience conditions. It is found that rural residents relative to nonrural residents to be more vulnerable when considering access to critical infrastructure. The methodology may be generalized to assess vulnerability in other coastal corridors and communities, where the assessments can inform both local and state governments in catastrophic planning. This population vulnerability assessment presents a unique approach by evaluating socioeconomic conditions at a refined scale, incorporating a broad range of human perceptions and predispositions, and employing a geoinformatics approach combining physical, built-up, and socioeconomic conditions.
Antimicrobial effect and biocompatibility of novel metallic nanocrystalline implant coatings
Authors: Gosau Martin , Haupt Michael , Thude Sibylle , Strowitzki Martin , Schminke Boris , Buergers Ralf 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimThe present in vitro study was designed to evaluate the surface characteristics, biocompatibilities and antimicrobial effects of experimental titanium implant surfaces, coated by nanocrystalline silver, copper, and bismuth. Biocompatible and antimicrobial implant modifications could result in reduced biofilm formation on implant surfaces and therefore in less periimplant inflammation.FindingsTitanium discs (thickness 1 mm and 12 mm in diameter) were coated by pulsed magnetron‐sputtering of nanocrystalline metals (bismuth, copper, and silver). Bismuth coatings revealed higher surface roughness values in comparison to silver and copper coatings via atomic force microscopy. Ion release after 168 h in culture medium was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry and showed significant different amounts of released copper (>120 000 µg/L), silver (550 µg/L) or bismuth (80 µg/L). No cytotoxic effect on HaCaT cell proliferation was detected on the uncoated Ti/TiO2 reference surfaces, the bismuth coatings and silver coatings. In contrast, copper‐coated discs showed a strong cytotoxic effect. All three coatings exhibited antimicrobial effects by trend in the fluorometric Resazurin testing and significant localized antibacterial effects in live/dead microscopy after incubation of the specimens for 150 min in bacterial solution of S. epidermidis.ConclusionsThe tested metallic implant coatings (silver and bismuth) allowed surface modifications that may improve therapeutic approaches to biofilm prevention on dental implants. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 1571–1579, 2016.
Production of acidic xylooligosaccharides from methylglucuronoarabinoxylans by Bacillus subtilis strain MR44
Authors: Wei Lusha , Rhee Mun Su , Preston James F , Chen Hui 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDBacillus subtilis 168 secretes endoxylanases Xyn11A and Xyn30C and arabinofuranohydrolase Axh43 that process xylans in hemicellulose fractions. Engineered strain MR44 with a deletion in the xynA gene encoding Xyn11A, converts hardwood methylglucuronoxylans (MeGXn) of dicots to defined acidic xylooligosaccharides (U‐XOS) with a single methylglucuronate linked to xylooligosaccharides with an average ratio of one methylglucuronate to 6–7 xyloses as value‐added products. The MR44 strain also secretes Axh43 that catalyses release of arabinose from methylglucuronoarabinoxylans (MeGAXn) of monocots.RESULTSMR44 strain efficiently processes sorghum MeGAXn with 493 mg g−1 yields of purified U‐XOS. 1H‐NMR analysis of U‐XOS purified by anion exchange chromatography structurally defined the U‐XOS with an average degree of polymerization of xylose units (DP) of 11–12 and a single 4‐O‐methyl‐glucuronic acid α‐1,2‐linked on average to one of 11–12 xylose residues each penultimate to the reducing terminal xylose.CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates the ability of Bacillus subtilis strains to process MeGAXn for production of U‐XOS from monocots, including energy crops and agricultural residues. The U‐XOS with an average DP of 11–12 from sweet sorghum MeGAXn compared with 6–7 from sweetgum MeGXn extends their applications as biologicals and for production of pentosan polysulfates with applications in human and veterinary medicine. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermal cycling can extend tool life in orthopaedic operating rooms
Authors: Katchky Ryan N. , McLachlin Stewart D. , Wong Edwin K.Y. , Finkelstein Joel , Kreder Hans J. , Whyne Cari M. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThermal cycling is a temperature modulation process developed to improve the performance, durability and longevity of materials. This process has been successfully utilized in the automotive, aeronautic and manufacturing industries. Surgical cutting tools undergo cyclical loading and generally fail by dulling, suggesting that thermal cycling may improve their performance and longevity. Ten 2.5 mm orthopaedic drill bits were randomized, with five undergoing thermal cycling within their sterile packaging and five serving as untreated controls. Using a servohydraulic testing machine, 100 drilling cycles were performed with each drill bit into the diaphyseal region of bovine femurs. After every 25 cycles, data was collected by performing identical drilling cycles into simulated human cortical bone material. Maximum force, maximum normalized torque and drilling work were measured, and a scanning electron microscope was used to measure outer corner wear. After 100 drilling cycles, the maximum drilling force, maximum normalized torque, drilling work and microscopic outer corner wear were all significantly lower for the treated drill bits (p < 0.05). Thermal cycling has the potential to decrease operating room costs and thermal necrosis associated with dull cutting tools. Application of this technology may also be relevant to surgical cutting tools such as saw blades, burrs and reamers. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:539–543, 2016.
Effect of Laminin‐A4 inhibition on cluster formation of human osteoarthritic chondrocytes
Authors: Moazedi‐Fuerst Florentine C. , Gruber Gerald , Stradner Martin H. , Guidolin Diego , Jones Jonathan C. , Bodo Koppany , Wagner Karin , Peischler Daniela , Krischan Verena , Weber Jennifer , Sadoghi Patrick , Glehr Mathias , Leithner Andreas , Graninger Winfried B. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTFormation of chondrocyte clusters is not only a morphological sign of osteoarthritis but it is also observed in cell culture. Active locomotion of chondrocytes is controlled by integrins in vitro. Integrins bind to Laminin‐A4 (LAMA4), a protein that is highly expressed in vivo in clusters of hypertrophic chondrocytes. We tested if LAMA4 is relevant for cluster formation. Human chondrocytes were cultured in a 2D matrigel model and treated with different concentrations of a monoclonal inhibitory anti‐LAMA4‐antibody. Migration and cluster formation was analysed using live cell imaging technique. Full genome gene expression analysis was performed to assess the effect of LAMA4 inhibition. The data set were screened for genes relevant to cell motility. F‐actin staining was performed to document cytoskeletal changes. Anti‐LAMA4 treatment significantly reduced the rate of cluster formation in human chondrocytes. Cells changed their surface morphology and exhibited fewer protrusions. Expression of genes associated with cellular motility and migration was affected by anti‐LAMA4 treatment. LAMA4‐integrin signalling affects chondrocyte morphology and gene expression in vitro, thereby contributing to cluster formation in human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:419–426, 2016.
GBA Variants are associated with a distinct pattern of cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Mata Ignacio F. , Leverenz James B. , Weintraub Daniel , Trojanowski John Q. , Chen‐Plotkin Alice , Van Deerlin Vivianna M. , Ritz Beate , Rausch Rebecca , Factor Stewart A. , Wood‐Siverio Cathy , Quinn Joseph F. , Chung Kathryn A. , Peterson‐Hiller Amie L. , Goldman Jennifer G. , Stebbins Glenn T. , Bernard Bryan , Espay Alberto J. , Revilla Fredy J. , Devoto Johnna , Rosenthal Liana S. , Dawson Ted M. , Albert Marilyn S. , Tsuang Debby , Huston Haley , Yearout Dora , Hu Shu‐Ching , Cholerton Brenna A. , Montine Thomas J. , Edwards Karen L. , Zabetian Cyrus P. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundLoss‐of‐function mutations in the GBA gene are associated with more severe cognitive impairment in PD, but the nature of these deficits is not well understood and whether common GBA polymorphisms influence cognitive performance in PD is not yet known.MethodsWe screened the GBA coding region for mutations and the E326K polymorphism in 1,369 PD patients enrolled at eight sites from the PD Cognitive Genetics Consortium. Participants underwent assessments of learning and memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised), working memory/executive function (Letter‐Number Sequencing Test and Trail Making Test A and B), language processing (semantic and phonemic verbal fluency), visuospatial abilities (Benton Judgment of Line Orientation), and global cognitive function (MoCA). We used linear regression to test for association between genotype and cognitive performance with adjustment for important covariates and accounted for multiple testing using Bonferroni's corrections.ResultsMutation carriers (n = 60; 4.4%) and E326K carriers (n = 65; 4.7%) had a higher prevalence of dementia (mutations, odds ratio = 5.1; P = 9.7 × 10−6; E326K, odds ratio = 6.4; P = 5.7 × 10−7) and lower performance on Letter‐Number Sequencing (mutations, corrected P[Pc] = 9.0 × 10−4; E326K, Pc = 0.036), Trail Making B‐A (mutations, Pc = 0.018; E326K, Pc = 0.018), and Benton Judgment of Line Orientation (mutations, Pc = 0.0045; E326K, Pc = 0.0013).ConclusionsBoth GBA mutations and E326K are associated with a distinct cognitive profile characterized by greater impairment in working memory/executive function and visuospatial abilities in PD patients. The discovery that E326K negatively impacts cognitive performance approximately doubles the proportion of PD patients we now recognize are at risk for more severe GBA‐related cognitive deficits. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society