bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanically Activated Combustion Synthesis of Molybdenum Silicides and Borosilicides
Authors: Alam Mohammad S. , Esparza Alan A. , Shafirovich Evgeny 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTMolybdenum silicides and borosilicides are promising structural materials for advanced power plants. A major challenge, however, is to simultaneously achieve high oxidation resistance and acceptable mechanical properties at high temperatures. For example, molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) has excellent oxidation resistance and poor mechanical properties, while Mo-rich silicides such as Mo5Si3 (called T1) have much better mechanical properties but poor oxidation resistance. One approach is based on the fabrication of MoSi2−T1 composites that combine high oxidation resistance of MoSi2 and good mechanical properties of T1. Another approach involves the addition of boron to Mo-rich silicides for improving their oxidation resistance through the formation of a borosilicate surface layer. In particular, Mo5SiB2 (called T2) phase and alloys based on this phase are promising materials.In the present paper, MoSi2−T1 composites and materials based on T2 phase are obtained by mechanically activated self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (MASHS). To obtain denser products, the so-called SHS compaction (quasi-isostatic pressing of hot combustion products) has been employed. Thermal analysis has shown that SHS compaction significantly improves the oxidation resistance. Self-sustained combustion of Mo/Si/B mixtures for the formation of T2 phase becomes possible if the composition is designed for adding a more exothermic reaction of MoB formation. These mixtures exhibit spin combustion. Oxidation resistance of the obtained multi-phase Mo−Si−B materials is independent on the concentration of Mo phase in the products. The “chemical oven” technique has been used to obtain a single Mo5SiB2 phase and an alloy consisting of α-Mo, Mo5SiB2, and Mo3Si phases.
Microstructure and Phase Transformation Temperatures of Two-Phase FeAl (B2) + FeAl2 Alloys
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Palm Martin , Scherf Anke , Janda Daniel , Heilmaier Martin , Stein Frank 
Published: January 2015

ABSTRACTFe-Al alloys with about 55 to 65 at.% Al undergo a eutectoid transformation at 1095 °C: Fe5Al8 (ε) ↔ FeAl + FeAl2. Hence, as-cast Fe-Al alloys in this composition range show a very fine-scaled lamellar microstructure (average lamellar spacing below 500 nm) consisting of the two phases FeAl and FeAl2. The microstructure looks similar to the α2 + γ lamellar microstructure of Ti-Al-based alloys, which is known for having well-balanced properties in terms of creep, ductility and strength. However, there is limited knowledge about the properties of Fe-Al-based alloys in this composition range. In this study, a series of as-cast as well as heat-treated Fe-Al alloys with compositions between 57 and 63 at.% Al were investigated. The microstructures and crystal structures were analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The composition dependence of all transition temperatures was obtained by differential thermal analysis (DTA).
Marcin Bucer jako pionier reformacyjnego pojednania
Authors: Medwid Wojciech 
Published: January 2015

Artykuł dotyczy życia i dzieła Marcina Bucera, protestanckiego reformatora związanego ze Strasburgiem. Jego życie było wielką próbą uzdrowienia rosnącej przepaści pomiędzy dwoma czołowymi reformatorami – Marcinem Lutrem i Huldrychem Zwinglim, zwłaszcza w kwestii Eucharystii oraz pojednania protestantów i katolików. Bucer wywarł wpływ na luterańskie, kalwińskie i anglikańskie doktryny i praktyki. Pierwotnie był dominikaninem, ale potem rozpoczął pracę na rzecz reformacji. Stał się zagorzałym wielbicielem Erazma, a wkrótce entuzjastycznym uczniem Lutra. Wierzył, że katolicy mogą przyłączyć się do reformacji. W Strasburgu jego działalność obejmowała wiele sfer. Stał się głównym reformatorem miasta i miał udział w wielu ważnych wydarzeniach religijno-politycznych tego okresu. Bucer zajął się nowym obrzędem mszy i dyscypliny kościelnej. W Anglii pomógł w reformie Kościoła lokalnego i nowego modlitewnika. Bardziej zależało mu na dialogu i pozyskaniu swoich przeciwników niż na walce o teoretyczne kwestie doktrynalne. Dla jasnego określenia doktryny zawsze był gotów zrezygnować z niejasnej formuły na rzecz jedności. Jego działalność nie doprowadziła do powstania nowego odłamu protestantyzmu. Został zapamiętany jako jeden z pierwszych pionierów ekumenizmu.
Duszpasterska opieka i głoszenie Dobrej Nowiny Chrystusa rodzicom dzieci zmarłych przed urodzeniem
Authors: Sławiński Henryk 
Published: January 2015

Artykuł opisuje zmiany w duszpasterstwie Kościoła uwarunkowane zmianami w zakresie opinii teologów katolickich na temat losu dzieci, które zmarły bez chrztu. W okresie, w którym dominujące opinie o losie dzieci zmarłych bez chrztu mówiły o piekle lub przynajmniej pozbawieniu uszczęśliwiającej wizji Boga, niemożliwe było głoszenie Dobrej Nowiny o zbawieniu w Jezusie Chrystusie. II Sobór Watykański dał decydujące impulsy do zmiany opinii teologicznej w omawianej kwestii. Obecnie teologowie katoliccy podkreślają nadzieję na zbawienie dzieci, które zmarły bez chrztu. Podstawą tej nadziei są: powszechna zbawcza wola Boga, miłość Jezusa do dzieci, śmierć Chrystusa za wszystkich, nieograniczone miłosierdzie Boga, który w sposób znany tylko sobie może podarować zbawienie dzieciom zmarłym bez chrztu. Inspirowane przez II Sobór Watykański zmiany w prawodawstwie kościelnym oraz obrzędy liturgiczne odnowione na podstawie nauczania soborowego pozwalają aktualnie pochować nieochrzczone niemowlęta i celebrować obrzęd chrześcijańskiego pogrzebu przewidziany dla nich, a także odprawić mszę świętą specjalnie przygotowaną na taką okazję. Wszystkie te argumenty pozwalają głosicielom słowa Bożego zwiastować Dobrą Nowinę rodzicom opłakującym utratę dziecka, które zmarło bez chrztu.
Nostra aetate – stages of creation, with a particular focus on paragraph no. 2… and the people involved in its development
Authors: Dupuche John 
Published: January 2015

Nostra aetate began as an important statement concerning the relations of the Church with the Jews but soon developed into a highly significant text on the relationship of the Church to all the religions of the world. While there been many works on the theology of Nostra aetate, there are few studies that present in detail the major personages and stages, the crucial issues and opposing forces surrounding this prophetic document. This article seeks to address this lacuna.The article also gives special attention to key phrases from paragraph 2 that show an extraordinary shift from millennial attitudes, among which “the Church does not reject what is truly and holy in these religions”.Finally it goes on to show how the wholesale rejection of Nostra aetate by the Society of St Pius X has led to schism.
A minute stingless bee in Eocene Fushan amber from northeastern China (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Engel Michael S. , Michener Charles D. 
Published: January 2015

The first fossil bee in Eocene amber of the Fushan Coalfield, Liaoning, China is described and figured. Exebotrigona velteni Engel & Michener, new genus and species (Apinae: Meliponini) is based on a stingless bee worker and is remarkably similar in several apomorphic traits to the species of the New World genus Trigonisca Moure s.l. The diversity of fossil and subfossil Meliponini is briefly summarized, as are the characters and possible affinities of Exebotrigona.
The bee genus <i>Ischnomelissa</i> in Peru, with a key to the species (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
Authors: Engel Michael S. 
Published: January 2015

A new species of the rare augochlorine bee genus Ischnomelissa Engel (Augochlorini: Augochlorina) is described and figured from cloud forests of the Abra Patricia Reserve, Amazonas, Peru. Ischnomelissa lignopteryx Engel, new species, is distinguished from its congeners by the darkly infumate wing membranes, dark green and non-shining integument of the head and mesosoma, dark brown legs and metasoma (except basal patch of amber on the first metasomal tergum), and integumental sculpturing. A revised key to the species of the genus is provided.
A new species of <i>Microsphecodes</i> from Peru, with notes on the classification of the genus (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
Authors: Engel Michael S. 
Published: January 2015

A new species of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Microsphecodes Eickwort & Stage (Halictinae: Halictini) is described and figured from Amazonian Peru. Microsphecodes stenochorus Engel, new species, is closest to M. kathleenae (Eickwort) and M. russeiclypeatus (Sakagami & Moure) but may be distinguished by coloration and propodeal sculpturing. Microsphecodes consists of two groups of divergent morphologies and these are newly considered as distinct subgenera: Microsphecodes s.str. and Baeosphecodes Engel, new subgenus. Provisional keys to species of Microsphecodes are provided.
Recent fieldguides to neotropical stingless bees
Authors: Gonzalez Victor H. 
Published: January 2015

Book review of:Oliveira, F.F., de, B.T.T. Richers, J.R. da Silva, R.C. Farias, & T.A. de Lima Matos. 2013. Guia Ilustrado das Abelhas “Sem-Ferrão” das Reservas Amanã e Mamirauá, Amazonas, Brasil (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini). IDSM [Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá]; Tefé, Brazil; 267 pp. ISBN 978-85-88758-27-8 [paperback].Giraldo, C., A. Rodríguez, F.J. Chamorro, D. Obregón, P. Montoya, N. Ramírez, V. Solarte, & G. Nates-Parra. 2011. Guía Ilustrada de Polen y Plantas Nativas Visitadas por Abejas: Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Santander, Sucre, Atlántico y Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Unibiblos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Bogotá, Colombia; 230 pp. ISBN 978-95-87199-83-3 [spiral bound].
Three new species of the bee genus <i>Caenaugochlora</i> from Central America and Colombia (Hymenoptera: Halictidae)
Authors: Engel Michael S. 
Published: January 2015

Three distinctive new species of the augochlorine bee genus Caenaugochlora Michener (Halictinae: Augochlorini) are described and figured as Caenaugochlora (Caenaugochlora) leoi Engel, new species, from Costa Rica, C. (C.) hestia Engel, new species, from Panama, and C. (C.) gonzalezi Engel, new species, from Colombia. The new species are distinguished from among their congeners and the diversity of Caenaugochlora tabulated. In addition, a third subgenus is established within the genus and a revised key to the subgenera proposed. Metaugochlora Engel, new subgenus, is based on two species described earlier from the Andes of Ecuador and exhibiting traits intermediate between Caenaugochlora s.str. and Ctenaugochlora Eickwort. It is possible that these groups would be more suitably treated as individual genera in the future and as our knowledge of the total diversity is refined.
Estimation of Native Nutrient Supplying Capacity of Soil for Improving Wheat (Triticum Asestivum L.) Productivity in Chitwan Valley, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari A.R. , Adhikari K. R. , Regmi A.P. , McDonald A. 
Published: January 2015

Three field experiments were conducted at farmer's field of Torikhet, Gopaljung and Kalyanpur of Chitwan Valley, Nepal during Nov 2011- April 2012 to assess N, P and K supplying capacity of soil. Each experimental site consists of four replications and five treatments laid out in RCB design. Among the five treatments, -N, -P and -K were set to estimate the inherent N, P and K supplying capacity of soil respectively. Highest uptake of N (100 Kg ha-1), P (21 Kg ha-1) and K (84 Kg ha-1) by wheat and highest native N (41 Kg ha-1), P (18 Kg ha-1) and K (72 Kg ha-1) supplying capacity of soil was recorded at Kalyanpur. Similarly, N, P and K required to produce one Mg of wheat grain was found highest in Kalyanpur. Based on the yield obtained in fully fertilized plot, target yield of 5 Mg ha-1 was set. Finally, N, P and K fertilizer needed were calculated on the basis of nutrient required for target yield, NPK supplying capacity of soil and recovery efficiency of NPK from fully fertilized plot. To obtain the target grain yield of 5 Mg ha-1, N: P: K at differential rate of 140: 30.5: 57 Kg ha-1, 140:27:53 Kg ha-1 and 120:22.5:38.5 Kg ha-1 has to be supplied from external source in Torikhet, Gopaljung and Kalyanpur respectively. This research outcome strengthens the fact that spatial variability for soil nutrient supplying exist across the farmer’s field. So it is necessary to estimate that variability for improving wheat productivity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11276 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 478-482
Swertia chirayita: The Himalayan Herb
Authors: Khanal Supreet , Shakya N. , Nepal N. , Pant D. 
Published: January 2015

Swertia chirayita is a native Himalayan herb typically found in the altitude of 1500 to 3100m. Swertia species are commonly used as primary medicines in fever, digestive and enteric diseases; especially S. chirayita is of principal importance. The pharmacological and ethno-medicinal perspective of the plant is well understood traditionally and pharmaceutically. Its secondary metabolites including glycosides and xanthones show promising bioactivity making it a powerful herb. Mixing of Swertia chirayita with its other species is done routinely in chiretta trade. Extensive wild collection and lack of sustainable conservation has led to the vulnerable status of the wild cultivar. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11281 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 389-392
Development of Rhamnolipid Based White board cleaner
Authors: Turbekar Reshma , Malik Nagesh , Dey Debarshi , Thakare Deepak 
Published: January 2015

In the present study biosurfactant based white board cleaner was formulated, using column purified rhamnolipid produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A rhamnolipid concentration of 0.01% was finalized, as it was efficiently able to remove fresh and aged white board marker stains on white board. The rhamnolipid formulation was found to be stable over a tested span of 6 months and it did not exhibit any cytotoxicity on Human Lung Epithelial Cell Line (L132) and Normal Human Skin Fibroblast (NHSF) cell line. The cleaning efficiency was equivalent to conventional synthetic surfactants, but the biosurfactant based approach is more environment friendly and biocompatible. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11589 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 570-573
The incidence of raised intracranial pressure in nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis following primary surgery
Authors: Thomas Gregory P. L. , Johnson David , Byren Jo C. , Judge Andrew D. , Jayamohan Jayaratnam , Magdum Shailendra A. , Richards Peter G. , Wall Steven A. 
Published: January 2015

OBJECT
Raised intracranial pressure (ICP) is recognized to occur in patients with nonsyndromic isolated sagittal craniosynostosis (SC) prior to surgery. However, the incidence of raised ICP following primary surgery is rarely reported and there appears to be a widely held assumption that corrective surgery for SC prevents the later development of intracranial hypertension. This study reports the incidence of postoperative raised ICP in a large cohort of patients with SC treated by 1 of 2 surgical procedures in a single craniofacial unit.

METHODS
A retrospective review was performed of all patients with SC who underwent either a modified strip craniectomy (MSC) or calvarial remodeling (CR) procedure under the care of the Oxford Craniofacial Unit between 1995 and 2010 and who were followed up for more than 2 years. The influence of patient age at surgery, year of surgery, sex, procedure type, and the presence of raised ICP preoperatively were analyzed.

RESULTS
Two hundred seventeen children had primary surgery for SC and were followed up for a mean of 86 months. The overall rate of raised ICP following surgery was 6.9%, occurring at a mean of 51 months after the primary surgical procedure. Raised ICP was significantly more common in those patients treated by MSC (13 of 89 patients, 14.6%) than CR (2 of 128 patients, 1.6%). Also, raised ICP was more common in patients under 1 year of age, the majority of whom were treated by MCS. No other factor was found to have a significant effect.

CONCLUSIONS
Postoperative raised ICP was found in more than 1 in 20 children treated for nonsyndromic SC in this series. It was significantly influenced by the primary surgical procedure and age at primary surgery. Careful long-term follow-up is essential if children who develop raised ICP following surgery are not to be overlooked.
A method for eliminating bacterial contamination from in vitro moss cultures
Authors: Carey Sarah B. , Payton Adam C. , McDaniel Stuart F. 
Published: January 2015

• Premise of the study: Bacterial contamination is a major problem in plant tissue culture, resulting in loss of experimental strains or preventing use of field‐collected isolates. Here we evaluated an agar embedding method for eliminating bacteria from experimental cultures of the mosses Ceratodon purpureus and Physcomitrella patens.• Methods and Results: We blended moss protonema that had been inoculated with bacteria and embedded the cell fragments in antibiotic‐containing, low‐concentration agar. The plants were placed in a growth chamber and allowed to grow until the moss grew out of the media. The plants were then transferred to new plates and observed for contamination. The embedding method consistently outperformed standard procedures.• Conclusions: The embedding method places moss in direct contact with antibiotics, arresting bacterial replication and allowing moss to outgrow contamination. We anticipate this method will prove valuable for other plants capable of clonal propagation by blending.
Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite markers for the threatened Arnica montana (Asteraceae)
Authors: Duwe Virginia K. , Ismail Sascha A. , Buser Andres , Sossai Esther , Borsch Thomas , Muller Ludo A. H. 
Published: January 2015

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite markers were developed to investigate population genetic structure in the threatened species Arnica montana.• Methods and Results: Fourteen microsatellite markers with di‐, tetra‐, and hexanucleotide repeat motifs were developed for A. montana using 454 pyrosequencing without and with library‐enrichment methods, resulting in 56,545 sequence reads and 14,467 sequence reads, respectively. All loci showed a high level of polymorphism, with allele numbers ranging from four to 11 in five individuals from five populations (25 samples) and an expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.192 to 0.648 across the loci.• Conclusions: This set of microsatellite markers is the first one described for A. montana and will facilitate conservation genetic applications as well as the understanding of phylogeographic patterns in this species.
Entecavir Allows an Unexpectedly High Residual Replication of HBV Mutants Resistant to Lamivudine
Authors: Geipel Andreas , Seiz Pia L , Niekamp Hauke , Neumann-Fraune Maria , Zhang Ke , Kaiser Rolf , Protzer Ulrike , Gerlich Wolfram H , Glebe Dieter ,   The HOPE Consortium
Published: January 2015

Background Entecavir is an efficient inhibitor of HBV reverse transcriptase (RT) and widely used for therapy of chronic hepatitis B. Entecavir treatment of HBV patients with lamivudine-resistant viral strains, however, often fails, but the mechanism of cross-resistance development is not fully understood. Methods Using non-linear regression models, dose– response curves of cloned HBV strains from patients pre-treated with RT inhibitors were established in human hepatoma cell lines after transfection with HBV genomes containing HBV polymerase genes from patient isolates. 50% and 90% inhibitory concentrations (IC50 and IC90) and corresponding antiviral resistance factors (RF50 and RF90) were calculated. Results The entecavir dose–response curve of lamivudine-resistant HBV RT mutants rtM204 for the replication of HBV decreased less than expected with increasing drug dose. Remarkably, due to the fat dose–response curves, RF90 values against entecavir of samples with rtM204 substitutions were up to 30x higher than their RF50 values. Conclusions The unexpectedly high IC90 indicates a strong residual replication capacity of lamivudine-resistant HBV rtM204 variants under entecavir therapy, although IC50 values are initially within the therapeutic range of ente-cavir. This characteristic favours rapid selection of additional mutants with overt resistance against entecavir. Thus, the current phenotypic resistance assays should include determination of IC90.
Impact of an Electronic Medical Record on the Incidence of Antiretroviral Prescription Errors and HIV Pharmacist Reconciliation on Error Correction among Hospitalized HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: Batra Rishi , Wolbach-Lowes Jane , Swindells Susan , Scarsi Kimberly K , Podany Anthony T , Sayles Harlan , Sandkovsky Uriel 
Published: January 2015

Background Previous review of admissions from 2009–2011 in our institution found a 35.1% error rate in antiretroviral (ART) prescribing, with 55% of errors never corrected. Subsequently, our institution implemented a unified electronic medical record (EMR) and we developed a medication reconciliation process with an HIV pharmacist. We report the impact of the EMR on incidence of errors and of the pharmacist intervention on time to error correction. Methods Prospective medical record review of HIV-infected patients hospitalized for >24 h between 9 March 2013 and 10 March 2014. An HIV pharmacist reconciled outpatient ART prescriptions with inpatient orders within 24 h of admission. Prescribing errors were classified and time to error correction recorded. Error rates and time to correction were compared to historical data using relative risks (RR) and logistic regression models. Results 43 medication errors were identified in 31/186 admissions (16.7%). The incidence of errors decreased significantly after EMR (RR 0.47, 95% CI 0.34, 0.67). Logistic regression adjusting for gender and race/ethnicity found that errors were 61% less likely to occur using the EMR (95% CI 40%, 75%; P<0.001). All identified errors were corrected, 65% within 24 h and 81.4% within 48 h. Compared to historical data where only 31% of errors were corrected in <24 h and 55% were never corrected, errors were 9.4x more likely to be corrected within 24 h with HIV pharmacist intervention ( P<0.001). Conclusions Use of an EMR decreased the error rate by more than 50% but despite this, ART errors remained common. HIV pharmacist intervention was key to timely error correction.
Monnaie, choix individuels et frictions
Authors: Benetti Carlo 
Published: January 2015

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est d’évaluer les conséquences de la "simplification" proposée par Hicks en 1935 sur l’analyse actuelle de l’intégration de la monnaie dans la théorie de la valeur. La suggestion méthodologique de Hicks est fondée sur deux concepts centraux : le choix individuel et les frictions. Depuis 1935, le développement de la théorie monétare est caractérisé par la recherche des frictions appropriées pour que, à l’équilibre, les individus choisissent la monnaie. Nous montrons qu’à partir de ces concepts, par ailleurs bien adaptés à l’analyse de la monnaie comme réserve de valeur, il n’est pas possible d’obtenir un modèle où les théories de la monnaie et des prix sont intégrées de manière satisfaisante. Après un examen critique des principaux résultats de la théorie monétaire récente, nous esquissons une solution alternative fondée sur un schéma de formation des prix où la monnaie, comme moyen d’échange, est la condition du système des prix. Dans ce cadre, la monnaie peut être intégrée à la théorie des prix en dehors des concepts hicksiens de choix individuel et de frictions.