bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of λ esophagojejunostomy in total gastrectomy under laparoscopy: a modified technique for post-gastrectomy reconstruction
Authors: Liu Lang-Biao , Ruan Guo-Tian , Wu Ya-Dong , Niu Lei , Cai Jun 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveCommon gastrectomy methods can significantly affect patients’ postoperative quality of life. This study investigated the safety, feasibility, and short-term efficacy of λ-type esophagojejunostomy in total gastrectomy under total laparoscopy.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the clinical and follow-up data of 50 patients with adenocarcinoma of the gastric/gastroesophageal junction who underwent total laparoscopic radical gastrectomy with λ-type esophagojejunostomy at the Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2021 to July 2022. Data are reported as mean ± standard deviation.ResultsPatients comprised 27 males and 23 females, aged 42 to 76 (60.9 ± 5.6) years. There were 26 cases of gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (16 Siewert type II and 10 Siewert type III) and 24 cases of adenocarcinoma of the proximal gastric body. All patients underwent radical total gastrectomy and D2 lymph node dissection with λ-type esophagojejunostomy for digestive tract reconstruction under total laparoscopy. The total operation time was 235–295 (249.4 ± 48.5) min, digestive tract reconstruction time was (48.2 ± 23.2) min, intraoperative blood loss was (63.4 ± 48.4) mL, recovery time of exhaust was (3.1 ± 2.2) d, first drinking or eating time was (4.1 ± 2.1) d, and hospital stay was (9.3 ± 4.4) d. Three patients had postoperative complications, including one with duodenal remnant leakage combined with abdominal infection. Anastomotic bleeding and postoperative inflammatory intestinal obstruction occurred in one patient each, all of whom were cured by conservative treatment. The Nutritional Risk Index of the whole group was 53.5 ± 8.4 preoperatively, 47.3 ± 5.6 one week postoperatively, 50.3 ± 5.6 six months postoperatively, and 52.4 ± 4.2 at 12 months postoperatively. Roux-en-Y stasis syndrome and bile reflux esophagitis occurred in one patient each (2.0%). There were no occurrences of recanalization of the closed end of the afferent loop of the esophagojejunostomy anastomosis, anastomotic stricture or obstruction, or tumor recurrence.Conclusionλ-type esophagojejunostomy is safe and feasible for digestive tract reconstruction after total laparoscopic radical gastrectomy. This digestive tract reconstruction method not only maintains intestinal continuity but also simplifies surgical procedures, allowing patients to recover quickly with an excellent short-term effect.
Deep learning-assisted diagnosis of benign and malignant parotid gland tumors based on automatic segmentation of ultrasound images: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Wei Wei , Xu Jingya , Xia Fei , Liu Jun , Zhang Zekai , Wu Jing , Wei Tianjun , Feng Huijun , Ma Qiang , Jiang Feng , Zhu Xiangming , Zhang Xia 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesTo construct deep learning-assisted diagnosis models based on automatic segmentation of ultrasound images to facilitate radiologists in differentiating benign and malignant parotid tumors.MethodsA total of 582 patients histopathologically diagnosed with PGTs were retrospectively recruited from 4 centers, and their data were collected for analysis. The radiomics features of six deep learning models (ResNet18, Inception_v3 etc) were analyzed based on the ultrasound images that were obtained under the best automatic segmentation model (Deeplabv3, UNet++, and UNet). The performance of three physicians was compared when the optimal model was used and not. The Net Reclassification Index (NRI) and Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI) were utilized to evaluate the clinical benefit of the optimal model.ResultsThe Deeplabv3 model performed optimally in terms of automatic segmentation. The ResNet18 deep learning model had the best prediction performance, with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.808 (0.694−0.923), 0.809 (0.712−0.906), and 0.812 (0.680−0.944) in the internal test set and external test sets 1 and 2, respectively. Meanwhile, the optimal model-assisted clinical and overall benefits were markedly enhanced for two out of three radiologists (in internal validation set, NRI: 0.259 and 0.213 [p = 0.002 and 0.017], IDI: 0.284 and 0.201 [p = 0.005 and 0.043], respectively; in external test set 1, NRI: 0.183 and 0.161 [p = 0.019 and 0.008], IDI: 0.205 and 0.184 [p = 0.031 and 0.045], respectively; in external test set 2, NRI: 0.297 and 0.297 [p = 0.038 and 0.047], IDI: 0.332 and 0.294 [p = 0.031 and 0.041], respectively).ConclusionsThe deep learning model constructed for automatic segmentation of ultrasound images can improve the diagnostic performance of radiologists for PGTs.
Frequency of pathogenic germline variants in pediatric medulloblastoma survivors
Authors: Rees Donald , Gianferante D. Matthew , Kim Jung , Stavrou Theodora , Reaman Gregory , Sapkota Yadav , Gramatges M. Monica , Morton Lindsay M. , Hudson Melissa M. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Freedman Neal D. , Huang Wen-Yi , Diver W. Ryan , Lori Adriana , Luo Wen , Hicks Belynda D. , Liu Jia , Hutchinson Amy A. , Goldstein Alisa M. , Mirabello Lisa 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundMedulloblastoma is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. Most cases are sporadic, but well characterized germline alterations in APC, ELP1, GPR161, PTCH1, SUFU, and TP53 predispose to medulloblastoma. However, knowledge about pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants that predispose to medulloblastoma vary based on genes evaluated, patient demographics, and pathogenicity definitions.MethodsGermline exome sequencing was conducted on 160 childhood survivors of medulloblastoma. Analyses focused on rare variants in 239 known cancer susceptibility genes (CSGs). P/LP variants were identified using ClinVar and InterVar. Variants of unknown significance in known medulloblastoma predisposing genes (APC, ELP1, GPR161, PTCH1, SUFU, TP53) were further classified for loss of function variants. We compared the frequency of P/LP variants in cases to that in 1,259 cancer-free adult controls.ResultsTwenty cases (12.5%) had a P/LP variant in an autosomal dominant CSG versus 5% in controls (p=1.0 x10-3), and 10 (6.3%) of these were P/LP variants in a known medulloblastoma gene, significantly greater than 0.2% observed in controls (p=1.4x10-8). The CSGs with the most P/LP variants in cases, and significantly higher than controls, were ELP1 (p=3.0x10-4) and SUFU (p=1.4x10-3).ConclusionApproximately one in eight pediatric medulloblastoma survivors had an autosomal dominant P/LP CSG variant. We confirm several known associated genes and identify novel genes that may be important in medulloblastoma.
Prognostic analysis of patients with gastric cancer based on N6-methyladenosine modification patterns and tumor microenvironment characterization
Authors: Huo Miaomiao , Zhang Min , Zhang Jingyao , Wang Yong , Hu Ting , Ma Tianyu , Wang Yinuo , Yuan Baowen , Qin Hao , Teng Xu , Yu Hefen , Huang Wei , Wang Yan 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundCancers arise from genetic and epigenetic abnormalities that affect oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, compounded by gene mutations. The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification, regulated by methylation regulators, has been implicated in tumor proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. However, the role of m6A modification patterns in the tumor microenvironment of gastric cancer (GC) remains poorly understood.Materials and methodsIn this study, we analyzed m6A modification patterns in 267 GC samples utilizing 31 m6A regulators. Using consensus clustering, we identified two unique subgroups of GC. Patients with GC were segregated into high- and low-infiltration cohorts to evaluate the infiltration proportions of the five prognostically significant immune cell types. Leveraging the differential genes in GC, we identified a “green” module via Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis. A risk prediction model was established using the LASSO regression method.ResultsThe “green” module was connected to both the m6A RNA methylation cluster and immune infiltration patterns. Based on “Module Membership” and “Gene Significance”, 37 hub genes were identified, and a risk prediction model incorporating nine hub genes was established. Furthermore, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that YTHDF1 elevated the expression of DNMT3B, which synergistically promoted the initiation and development of GC. We elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of DNMT3B by YTHDF1 and explored the crosstalk between m6A and 5mC modification.Conclusionm6A RNA methylation regulators are instrumental in malignant progression and the dynamics of tumor microenvironment infiltration of GC. Assessing m6A modification patterns and tumor microenvironment infiltration characteristics in patients with GC holds promise as a valuable prognostic biomarker.
Safe delivery kits and newborn infection in rural Ethiopian communities
Authors: Hwang Won Ju , Lee Tae Hwa 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesOur goal in this study to investigate the impacts of using safe delivery kits, along with education on their appropriate use, has on preventing newborn and maternal infection.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingParticipants, and Interventions: we conducted the study on 23 sites across a rural district in Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Safe delivery kits were distributed by health extension workers. Participants comprised 534 mothers between the ages of 17 and 45 years, who were given a safe delivery kit at 7 months’ pregnancy for use during their subsequent delivery. Data collection was performed by the trained interviewers in rural Ethiopian communities.ResultsMultiple logistic regression analyses showed an independent association between using the cord tie provided in the kits and decreased newborn infection. Specifically, newborns whose mothers used the cord tie were 30 times less likely to develop cord infection than those not using the cord tie in the kits. Further, mothers who received education regarding safe delivery kit use had lower rates of puerperal infection.ConclusionSingle-use delivery kits, when combined with education regarding the appropriate means of using the kit, can decrease the likelihood of maternal infection.Implications for nursingNurses and health extension workers in low and middle-income countries should educate mothers on safe delivery kits by providing information regarding their usefulness and the importance of correct and consistent use. Implications for Health Policy: our findings emphasize the need for further interventions in vulnerable countries designed to increase the rate of hygienic birthing practices for deliveries outside health-care facilities.
The role of culturally appropriate interpersonal communication strategies to reduce hepatitis B and liver cancer disparities
Authors: Zovich Beatrice , Block Suzanne J. , Borondy-Jenkins Fiona , Moraras Kate , Chen Thomas , Adedokun Rukayat , Hua Dung , Cohen Chari 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAsian and Pacific Islander (API), African, and Caribbean immigrant groups in the U.S. are disproportionately impacted by chronic hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer). Creating educational communication campaigns about hepatitis B and liver cancer for these communities is necessary to increase disease-related awareness and prompt health-promoting behaviors. Identifying interpersonal communication (IPC) preferences within diverse communities for integration into an educational campaign that emphasizes the link between hepatitis B and liver cancer can ultimately promote uptake of screening, vaccination and linkage to appropriate care.MethodsFifteen focus groups and two key informant interviews were conducted with participants from Micronesian, Chinese, Hmong, Nigerian, Ghanaian, Vietnamese, Korean, Somali, Ethiopian, Filipino, Haitian, and Francophone West African communities. Data were analyzed using thematic coding and analysis.ResultsFindings demonstrate that all communities preferred that materials be offered in both English and native languages and emphasized that campaigns highlight the connection between hepatitis B and liver cancer. Educational sessions should take place in settings where communities feel safe, including community-based organizations, religious establishments, and healthcare offices, and should be facilitated by trusted messengers, including patient navigators, doctors and faith leaders. Presenting accurate information and dispelling myths and misconceptions around hepatitis B, liver cancer, and their connection were the biggest needs identified across all focus groups.DiscussionThis study provides insight into community-specific preferences for learning about hepatitis B and liver cancer through IPC methods. The findings from this study can be used to design multi-platform, culturally and linguistically appropriate health education campaigns to facilitate improved diagnosis, prevention, and management of hepatitis B and liver cancer among heavily impacted communities in the U.S.
Association between physical activity level and diabetes incidence among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: a cross-sectional study from the China health and retirement longitudinal study
Authors: Zhang Yunqing , Meng Fanhao , Fei Xueyin , Wang Ke , Wu Yigao , Wang Xueting 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundIt has been shown that diabetes is associated with insufficient physical activity among middle-aged and older adults, but the association between different physical activity levels (PAL) and diabetes incidence needs to be further explored.ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the correlation and dose–response relationship between different PAL and the diabetes incidence in middle-aged and older adults.MethodsUtilizing data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), this cross-sectional analysis included 17,226 middle-aged and older adults aged 45 and above. Binary logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to explore the correlation and dose–response relationship between different PAL and the incidence of diabetes in the total middle-aged and older adults population as well as in subgroups. Sensitivity analyses were also performed to verify the robustness of the findings.ResultsIn the entire study population, compared with the lowest PAL, participants in the third and fourth quartiles PAL saw diabetes incidence significantly reduced by 16% (p = 0.005) and 33% (p &lt; 0.001), respectively (pfor trend &lt; 0.001). In subgroup analyses, the fourth quartile PAL significantly reduced the diabetes incidence among females, individuals aged 60–69, and rural residents by 25% (p = 0.011), 38% (p &lt; 0.001) and 28% (p &lt; 0.001), respectively. For males, middle-aged (45–59 years), and urban residents, the third quartile PAL reduced diabetes incidence by 22% (p = 0.004), 24% (p = 0.012), 21% (p = 0.013), respectively. When the fourth quartile PAL was reached, the diabetes incidence was significantly reduced in these populations by 41% (p &lt; 0.001), 39% (p &lt; 0.001), and 41% (p &lt; 0.001), respectively. There was a negative dose–response relationship between physical activity and diabetes incidence in specific Chinese middle-aged and older adults population. In addition, sensitivity analyses indicated the robustness of the findings.ConclusionHigher PAL was associated with lower diabetes incidence in specific Chinese middle-aged and older adults population. It is feasible to use physical activity to predict diabetes incidence in this demographic, and high PAL may be an effective means of preventing and controlling diabetes.
Monte Carlo-based in-depth morphological analysis of medullary cavity for designing personalized femoral stem
Authors: Wang Lin , Sun Hui , Guo Kaijin , He Kunjin , Geng Weizhong , Zhou Wen , Wei Jian 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe design of femoral stem prostheses requires a precise understanding of the femoral marrow cavity. Traditional measurements of morphological parameters in the upper femur, particularly the medullary cavity and cortical region, are primarily based on coronal and sagittal axes, which may not fully capture the true three-dimensional structure of the femur.MethodsPropose a Monte Carlo-based method for a more comprehensive analysis of the femoral marrow cavity, using CT scans of femurs from a selected group of patients. The study aimed to define and calculate anatomically semantic morphological parameters to enhance the understanding of the femoral marrow cavity's anatomical morphological changes, ultimately improving the design and clinical selection of femoral stem prostheses. To enhance the accuracy of femoral stem prosthesis design, this study aims to develop a Monte Carlo-based method for a more comprehensive analysis of the femoral marrow cavity. The proposed method transforms the non-random problem of determining cross-sectional size into a random issue, allowing for the calculation of the size of the medullary cavity and cortical region. Anatomically semantic morphological parameters are then defined, calculated, and analyzed.ResultsThe experimental results indicate that the newly defined parameters complement existing ones, providing a more rational scientific basis for understanding the anatomical morphological changes of the femoral marrow cavity.ConclusionThis research offers essential scientific theoretical support for improved morphologic research, design, and clinical selection of femoral stem prostheses. It holds significant importance and application value in clinical practice, contributing to a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of femoral anatomy for prosthetic design.
Non-Debye Behavior of the Néel and Brown Relaxation in Interacting Magnetic Nanoparticle Ensembles
Authors: Botez Cristian E. , Knoop Jeffrey 
Published: August 2024

We used ac-susceptibility measurements to study the superspin relaxation in Fe3O4/Isopar M nanomagnetic fluids of different concentrations. Temperature-resolved data collected at different frequencies, χ″ vs. T|f, reveal magnetic events both below and above the freezing point of the carrier fluid (TF = 197 K): χ″ shows peaks at temperatures Tp1 and Tp2 around 75 K and 225 K, respectively. Below TF, the Néel mechanism is entirely responsible for the superspin relaxation (as the carrier fluid is frozen), and we found that the temperature dependence of the relaxation time, τN(Tp1), is well described by the Dorman–Bessais–Fiorani (DBF) model: τNT=τrexp⁡EB+EadkB T. Above TF, both the internal (Néel) and the Brownian superspin relaxation mechanisms are active. Yet, we found evidence that the effective relaxation times, τeff, corresponding to the Tp2 peaks observed in the denser samples do not follow the typical Debye behavior described by the Rosensweig formula 1τeff=1τN+1τB. First, τeff is 5 × 10−5 s at 225 K, almost three orders of magnitude more that its Néel counterpart, τN~8 × 10−8 s, estimated by extrapolating the above-mentioned DBF analysis. Thus, 1τN≫1τeff, which is clearly not consistent with the Rosensweig formula. Second, the observed temperature dependence of the effective relaxation time, τeff(Tp2), is excellently described by τB−1T=Tγ0exp⁡−E′kBT−T0′, a model solely based on the hydrodynamic Brown relaxation, τB(T)=3ηTVHkBT, combined with an activation law for the temperature variation of the viscosity, ηT=η0exp⁡E′/kB(T−T0′. The best fit yields γ0=3ηVHkB = 1.6 × 10−5 s·K, E′/kB = 312 K, and T0′ = 178 K. Finally, the higher temperature Tp2 peaks vanish in the more diluted samples (δ ≤ 0.02). This indicates that the formation of larger hydrodynamic particles via aggregation, which is responsible for the observed Brownian relaxation in dense samples, is inhibited by dilution. Our findings, corroborating previous results from Monte Carlo calculations, are important because they might lead to new strategies to synthesize functional magnetic ferrofluids for biomedical applications.
SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF SPORTS SELECTION AND ORIENTATION
Authors: PROSKURNIN A. 
Published: August 2024

The relationship between the concepts of «sports selection» and «sports orientation» is determined. The limiting factors of an effective system of sports selection are determined. Peculiarities of the implementation of sports selection tasks at separate stages of an athlete’s training are presented: the basic stage, the stage of children selection according to motor abilities, the stage of gifted athletes selection; stage of talented athletes selection; stage of sports elite selection. The principles of sports selection are characterized: systematicity, scientific foundation, complexity, prolonged dynamic selection, pedagogical value, adaptability of selection criteria, humanism, relevance, profitability, dynamic prediction (monitoring). It is established that the selection system involves the development and experimental testing of the effectiveness of selection models within the framework of organizational measures; at the same time, modeling has a certain effectiveness only when the experimental model reproduces the main characteristics of the planned system of athletes training, corresponds to its purpose, tasks, methods, takes into account the peculiarities of the multi-year training stages.
PENGARUH LAYANAN INFORMASI MENGENAI KARIR TERHADAP PENURUNAN KERAGU-RAGUAN PEMBUATAN PUTUSAN KARIR SISWA SMA
Authors: Kintan A.A.I Sacharissa Davita , Retnoningtyas Diah Widiawati , Widarnandana I Gde Dhika 
Published: August 2024

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh pemberian informasi karir terhadap penurunan keragu-raguan pembuatan putusan karir pada siswa kelas 10 dan 11 di SMA Negeri X di kota Denpasar. Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen, dengan metode non-equivalent control group. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA Negeri X di Denpasar yang mengalami tingkat keraguraguan yang tinggi dan sedang dalam pembuatan putusan karir dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 90, dengan sampel penelitian sebesar 74 siswa dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Career Decision Scale (CDS) yang berfungsi untuk mengukur keragu-raguan dalam pembuatan putusan karir. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian layanan informasi mengenai karir berpengaruh terhadap penurunan karagu-raguan dalam pembuatan putusan karir.Kata kunci : karir; pembuatan putusan karir; siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA)Abstract. The Influence of Careers Information Services Provision Towards the Decreasing of The Career Decisions Hesitancy in 10th and 11th Grade Students at Senior High School X Denpasar. This study aimed to find out whether there is an effect of providing career information towards the decreasing of the career decisions hesitancy in 10th and 11th Grade Students at Senior High School in Denpasar. Experimental research applied as the type of the research combine with the non-equivalent control group method. The population in this study were 90 high school students in Denpasar who experienced high and moderate levels of hesitancy in career decision making, with a sample of 74 students used purposive sampling technique. Career Decision Scale (CDS) applied as the measuring instrument which serves to measure hesitancy in career decision making. The results of this study indicate that the provision of careers information services influenced the decreased of hesitancy in career decision making.Keywords: careers; career decision making; Students at Senior High School