bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determination of Principal In-Situ Stress Magnitude from Well Logs in Unconventional Reservoirs: A Practical Application in Willesden Green Field, Canada
Authors: Urban Edgar , Aguilera Roberto 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A methodology to determine and delimitate the magnitude of the principal in-situ stresses in the Glauconite Formation of the Willesden Green Field in the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) is presented. The result is used to correlate with several failure scenarios including confirmation of hydraulically fractured zones and to optimize net stress conditions for drilling and wellbore stability.
Geomechanical rock properties (Poisson's ratio, Young's Modulus, Biot vertical constant, rock strength, and the coefficient of angel friction) and the minimum horizontal stress (Shmin) are calculated from well logs. The Mohr failure criteria is considered in other to determine possible failure magnitude of normal stress. Based on the minimum horizontal stress, the magnitude of the maximum horizontal stress (Shmax) is delimited. This permits estimating failure magnitudes of normal, reverse, strike-slip faulting planes, wellbore and tensile breakout scenarios.
Based on the theory of wellbore equilibrium, the Shmax is calculated in the fractured interval. This is corroborated with different failure scenarios predicted with the Mohr-Coulomb envelopes, and the unconfined rock strength (UCS) estimated from well logs.
The stress polygon that describes the in situ stress magnitudes limitations before failure for the Willesden Green Field is elaborated, and defines a very low-stress zone in the highly gas saturated and permeable interval. The polygon is suitable for drilling design and geomechanical analysis, particularly in those intervals where wellbore stability may be a problem.
The methodology can have practical and wide application in several fields where the predictions are limited due to restricted geomechanical information. The approach permits a quick delimitation of in-situ stresses valuable in those reservoirs with wellbore stability problems due to abnormal pressures.
Efficient Fractured Reservoir Simulation Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Benamram Z. , Tarakanov A. , Nasrabadi H. , Gildin E. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In this paper, for the first time, a comprehensive methodology for the application of a generalized lattice Boltzmann model towards simulation of fluid flow within a hydrocarbon fractured reservoir is presented to validate its use as a reservoir simulation tool. The lattice Boltzmann method simulates fluid flow by defining a system with microscopic flow characteristics. In this method, the fluid consists of fictitious particles (mass fractions). These particles propagate (stream) and collide. The method assumes discretization of the physical system in both space and time. In space, the particles are allowed to move on lattice nodes. Interaction (possible collision) of particles is evaluated at these time steps. The interaction step is designed in such a way that the generalized Navier-Stokes equation is valid for the time-average motion of the particles.
The focus of this work is the formulation of precise boundary conditions on the surface of fractures and the wellbore. In addition, the set of dimensionless parameters that govern the evolution of the pressure profile is redefined. Pressure profiles are presented visually throughout this paper to provide the reader insight how such a product would be utilized by the petroleum engineer.
Most importantly, the methodology is tested against commercial software and results show excellent agree-ment for both homogenous and heterogenous reservoir cases. This strong agreement provides motivation for the oil and gas community to expand this model towards more complex subsurface conditions.
Wells Trajectory Optimization in Low Thickness Zones by Applying Geosteering Azimuth Tools
Authors: Ballesteros J. , Bravo G. , Cerchiaro J. , Perez M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The azimuthal measurements tools used for geosteering in zones with low thickness, low lithological contrast and lateral changes have provided great benefits to optimize real time decision-making and perform geo positioning of trajectories within the different reservoirs.
Strengthening Sustainable Development in Five Communities in the Bermejo Field, Ecuador
Authors: Vega D. , Paredes D. , Martellotta P. 
Published: November 2015

Summary
This project encompasses strengthening sustainable development in five communities in the Bermejo Field, Ecuador, by means of a Project Advisory Board (PAB). The PAB is made up of members of the community and acts as an external advising entity. It represents the interests and expectations of the community, and decides which social projects will be carried out.
The main problem we identified was poor management among the people with regards to the promotion of sustainable development throughout the communities. Also, due to the technical limitations that arose in accurately implementing projects and that the projects were executed in isolation, without the help of the community, we saw a decrease in financial income. As a result, the community members lost motivation, and neglected their projects and crops because of the low profitability.
In order to create the PAB, we identified community leaders from among families that managed the project. Each leader was trained in leadership and organizational skills, management and productive project management.
Following this, the trained leaders were appointed as members of the Project Advisory Board through community meetings. Then, the leaders, together with the community, drafted a regulation to determine the structure of the PAB and another for the presentation of projects.
The Project Advisory Board identified action areas as opportunities of intervention from which it would form programs. These action areas were: Education, Culture, Health, Environment, Social Inclusion and Sustainability. The Project Advisory Board executed 5 action areas; with 11 lines of intervention, corresponding to 13 programs with 28 projects, obtaining 23 components.
The Project Advisory Board (PAB) strengthened and increased the efficiency of the communities; thereby, improving the quality of life of the people and allowing them to partake in decision-making processes. As a result, the community members are able to have greater control over their lives in the long run. Sustainable development community projects and programs are what contribute to strengthening the viability of the community in the long term.
Effects of remineralization procedures on shear bond strengths of brackets bonded to demineralized enamel surfaces with self-etch systems
Authors: Baka Zeliha Müge , Akin Mehmet , Ileri Zehra , Basciftci Faruk Ayhan 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To compare the effects of different remineralization procedures on the surface roughness of teeth, shear bond strengths (SBSs), and Adhesive Remnant Index scores of self-etching primer (SEP) used to bond orthodontic brackets to previously treated demineralized enamel surfaces.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 140 extracted human premolar teeth were randomly divided into seven equal groups. Group I was the control group. A demineralization procedure was performed in the other six groups. A remineralization procedure was performed before bonding by using casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate, fluoride, a microabrasion mixture (18% hydrochloric acid-fine pumice), a microabrasion agent, and resin infiltration in groups III to VII. Brackets were bonded using a self-etching primer/adhesive system. The specimens were tested for SBS. The roughness and morphology of the enamel surfaces were analyzed using profilometer and scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance, Tukey, and G-tests at the α  =  .05 level.

Results:
Significant differences were found in the SBS values among the seven groups (F  =  32.69, P  =  .003). The lowest SBS value was found in group II (2.62 ± 1.46 MPa). No significant differences were found between groups I, III, and VII, between groups III and IV, or between groups V and VI. The differences in the roughness values were statistically significant among the groups (P  =  .002).

Conclusions:
Remineralization procedures restore the decreased SBS of orthodontic brackets and decrease surface roughness caused by enamel demineralization. SEPs provide clinically acceptable SBS values for bonding orthodontic brackets to previously treated demineralized enamel surfaces.
Accelerometer Quantification of Physical Activity and Activity Patterns in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis and Population Controls
Authors: van Genderen Simon , Boonen Annelies , van der Heijde Désirée , Heuft Liesbeth , Luime Jolanda , Spoorenberg Anneke , Arends Suzanne , Landewé Robert , Plasqui Guy 
Published: November 2015

Objective.To compare the total amount of physical activity (TPA) and time spent in various activity intensities of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and population controls, and to explore factors related to physical activity (PA).Methods.Subjects were asked to wear a triaxial accelerometer for 7 days and to complete a series of questionnaires. Multivariable regressions were used to assess generic determinants of TPA in patients and controls, and in patients to explore demographic and disease-specific determinants of various PA intensities.Results.One hundred and thirty-five patients [51 ± 13 yrs, 60% men, body mass index (BMI) 26.0 ± 4.3 kg/m2] and 99 controls (45 ± 12 yrs, 67% men, BMI 25.1 ± 4.3 kg/m2) were included. Patients did not differ from controls regarding TPA (589 vs 608 vector count/min, p = 0.98), minutes/day spent in sedentary (524 vs 541, p = 0.17), and light PA (290 vs 290 p = 0.95), but spent fewer minutes/day in moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA; 23 vs 30 min/day, p = 0.006). Perceived functional ability (physical component summary of the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36) and BMI were associated with TPA independent of having AS (p interaction = 0.21 and 0.94, respectively). Additional analyses in patients showed that time spent in MVPA was negatively influenced by BMI, physical function (Bath AS Functional Index), and disease duration. In patients ≥ 52 years old, a higher Bath AS Disease Activity Index was associated with less time spent in sedentary and more time spent in light activities.Conclusion.Compared with controls, patients with AS had similar TPA, but may avoid engagement in higher intensities of PA. Lower levels of functional ability and higher BMI were associated with lower TPA in both patients and controls.
Association of Body Mass Index Categories with Disease Activity and Radiographic Joint Damage in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Vidal Celine , Barnetche Thomas , Morel Jacques , Combe Bernard , Daïen Claire 
Published: November 2015

Objective.Obesity and overweight are increasing conditions. Adipose tissue with proinflammatory properties could be involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity and radiographic progression. This study aims to investigate the influence of overweight and obesity on RA activity and severity.Methods.We conducted a systematic review and metaanalysis to assess the association of body mass index (BMI) categories with the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), functional disability [Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)], and radiographic joint damage in patients with RA. We searched Medline through PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for all studies assessing DAS28, HAQ, or/and radiographic damage according to predefined BMI groups.Results.Among the 737 citations retrieved, 58 articles met the inclusion criteria and 7 were included in the metaanalysis. DAS28 was higher in obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2) than non-obese (BMI ≤ 30 kg/m2) patients (mean difference 0.14, 95% CI 0.01–0.27, p = 0.04, I2 = 0%). HAQ score was also higher among obese patients (mean difference 0.10, 95% CI 0.01–0.19, p = 0.03, I2 = 0%). Radiographic joint damage was negatively associated with obesity (standardized mean difference −0.15, 95% CI −0.29 to −0.02, p = 0.03, I2 = 38%).Conclusion.Obesity in RA is associated with increased DAS28 and HAQ score and with lower radiographic joint damage. These associations mainly result from an increase of subjective components of the DAS28 (total joint count and global health assessment) in obese patients. Conflicting results were reported concerning inflammation markers (C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate).
CanVasc Recommendations for the Management of Antineutrophil Cytoplasm Antibody-associated Vasculitides
Authors: McGeoch Lucy , Twilt Marinka , Famorca Leilani , Bakowsky Volodko , Barra Lillian , Benseler Susan M. , Cabral David A. , Carette Simon , Cox Gerald P. , Dhindsa Navjot , Dipchand Christine S. , Fifi-Mah Aurore , Goulet Michelle , Khalidi Nader , Khraishi Majed M. , Liang Patrick , Milman Nataliya , Pineau Christian A. , Reich Heather N. , Samadi Nooshin , Shojania Kam , Taylor-Gjevre Regina , Towheed Tanveer E. , Trudeau Judith , Walsh Michael , Yacyshyn Elaine , Pagnoux Christian ,   for The Canadian Vasculitis Research Network
Published: November 2015

Objective.The Canadian Vasculitis research network (CanVasc) is composed of physicians from different medical specialties and researchers with expertise in vasculitis. One of its aims is to develop recommendations for the diagnosis and management of antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) in Canada.Methods.Diagnostic and therapeutic questions were developed based on the results of a national needs assessment survey. A systematic review of existing non-Canadian recommendations and guidelines for the diagnosis and management of AAV and studies of AAV published after the 2009 European League Against Rheumatism/European Vasculitis Society recommendations (publication date: January 2009) until November 2014 was performed in the Medline database, Cochrane library, and main vasculitis conference proceedings. Quality of supporting evidence for each therapeutic recommendation was graded. The full working group as well as additional reviewers, including patients, reviewed the developed therapeutic recommendations and nontherapeutic statements using a modified 2-step Delphi technique and through discussion to reach consensus.Results.Nineteen recommendations and 17 statements addressing general AAV diagnosis and management were developed, as well as appendices for practical use, for rheumatologists, nephrologists, respirologists, general internists, and all other healthcare professionals more occasionally involved in the management of patients with AAV in community and academic practice settings.Conclusion.These recommendations were developed based on a synthesis of existing international guidelines, other published supporting evidence, and expert consensus considering the Canadian healthcare context, with the intention of promoting best practices and improving healthcare delivery for patients with AAV.
Safety and Efficacy of Belimumab to Treat Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Academic Clinical Practices
Authors: Hui-Yuen Joyce S. , Reddy Arthi , Taylor Jennifer , Li Xiaoqing , Eichenfield Andrew H. , Bermudez Liza M. , Starr Amy J. , Imundo Lisa F. , Buyon Jill , Furie Richard A. , Kamen Diane L. , Manzi Susan , Petri Michelle , Ramsey-Goldman Rosalind , van Vollenhoven Ronald F. , Wallace Daniel J. , Askanase Anca 
Published: November 2015

Objective.To evaluate the use and efficacy of belimumab in academic practices. Belimumab is a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits soluble B lymphocyte stimulator and has been approved for the treatment of adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods.Invitations to participate and complete a 1-page questionnaire for each patient prescribed belimumab were sent to 16 physicians experienced in SLE phase III clinical trials. The outcome was defined as the physician’s impression of improvement in the initial manifestation(s) being treated without worsening in other organ systems.Results.Of 195 patients treated with belimumab at 10 academic centers, 96% were taking background medications for SLE at initiation of belimumab, with 74% taking corticosteroids. The main indications for initiation of belimumab were arthritis, rash, and/or worsening serologic activity, with 30% of patients unable to taper corticosteroids. Of the 120 patients taking belimumab for at least 6 months, 51% responded clinically and 67% had ≥ 25% improvement in laboratory values. While numbers are limited, black patients showed improvement at 6 months. In a subset of 39 patients with childhood-onset SLE, 65% responded favorably at 6 months, and 35% discontinued corticosteroids.Conclusion.Our data demonstrate favorable clinical and laboratory outcomes in patients with SLE at 6 months across all racial and ethnic groups, with similar improvement seen among patients with childhood-onset SLE.
Clinical and Economic Burden of Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–associated Vasculitis in the United States
Authors: Raimundo Karina , Farr Amanda M. , Kim Gilwan , Duna George 
Published: November 2015

Objective.To describe the prevalence of major relapse and healthcare costs among patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA); to find patients with microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) in administrative databases, because no MPA diagnosis code exists; and to describe the clinical and economic burden associated with MPA.Methods.Adults (≥ 18 yrs) with ≥ 2 diagnoses of GPA [International Classification of Diseases-9-Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM 446.4)] during 2009–2013 were extracted from the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial and Medicare Supplemental databases. Evidence of major relapse (based on the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score) and healthcare costs were collected during 12-month and 24-month followup periods. Adults with ≥ 2 diagnoses of unspecified arteritis (ICD-9-CM 447.6) were found as potential patients with MPA and additional criteria based on clinical input were applied to refine the sample. Major relapse-associated conditions and healthcare costs in the 6 months pre- and post-diagnosis were measured. Costs were inflated to 2013 US$.Results.A total of 2784 patients with GPA were found and 18.7% experienced a major relapse in the 12-month followup period. The patients with a major relapse incurred higher average all-cause (12-month: $88,065 vs $30,682; p < 0.0001) and GPA-related costs (12-month: $61,636 vs $15,748; p < 0.0001) than patients without a relapse. Trends were consistent over the 24-month followup period. There were 612 incident patients with MPA. Following MPA diagnosis, healthcare costs nearly doubled ($30,166 vs $56,642; p < 0.0001).Conclusion.In a real-world setting, patients with GPA who experience major relapse have higher economic burden, compared to patients without a relapse. MPA diagnosis was associated with nearly a 2-fold increase in healthcare costs.
Serum Biopterin and Neopterin Levels as Predictors of Empty Follicles
Authors: Hamuro Akihiro , Tachibana Daisuke , Misugi Takuya , Katayama Hiroko , Ozaki Koji , Fujino Yuji , Yoshihiro Nakamura , Shintaku Haruo , Koyama Masayasu 
Published: November 2015

Objective This study measured serum and follicular fluid (FF) levels of biopterin, neopterin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in patients receiving mild ovarian stimulation for oocyte retrieval. Patients and Methods Infertile patients who underwent ovarian stimulation were divided into the following: Group 1, no oocyte retrieval ( n = 12), and Group 2, retrieval of more than four oocytes ( n = 13). Median total gonadotropin dose in both groups was 150 IU. Biopterin and neopterin levels were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. VEGF and M-CSF levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared to Group 2, serum and FF levels of neopterin and VEGF and serum levels of M-CSF were significantly increased, and serum and FF levels of biopterin were significantly decreased in Group 1 ( P < 0.05 each). Conclusion Biopterin and neopterin levels showed similar differences in FF and serum of patients with empty follicles. Decreased biopterin and increased neopterin in serum could predict poor oocyte retrieval.
Decentraliseren zonder recentralisatiereflex
Authors: van den Berg J. , Bosselaar J.H. , van der Veer J. 
Published: November 2015

Decentraliseren zonder recentralisatiereflex
De verwachtingen over de uitwerking van decentralisaties in het sociale domein zijn hooggespannen: efficiëntere dienstverlening, een grotere doelmatigheid en meer responsiviteit liggen in het verschiet. Maar zijn deze verwachtingen realistisch? De praktijk leert dat decentralisaties vaak worden gevolgd door recentraliserende maatregelen, waardoor de rijksoverheid de verantwoordelijkheid weer in handen neemt. Bovendien hebben gemeenten de neiging om elkaars beleid te kopiëren, in plaats van er een lokale kleur aan te geven. In deze bijdrage wordt stilgestaan bij deze mechanismen en de vraag hoe hierop kan worden geanticipeerd tijdens de aanstaande decentralisatieoperaties.
De las feminae a las fembres: la misoginia medieval en Cataluña y Provenza
Authors: Cuadrada Coral 
Published: November 2015

<p>Este artículo analiza algunas de las causas del deterioro en la consideración de las mujeres desde la Alta Edad Media a la misoginia bajomedieval, en Cataluña y Provenza. Estudio: 1. La filiación matrilineal. En los actos de homenaje de los siglos X-XI los vasallos se hacen hombres o mujeres propios de su señor feudal declarándose hijos o hijas de su madre; 2. La presencia de feminae en la documentación. Estas mujeres fueron mujeres propietarias de bienes fundarios que actuaron con total libertad en compras, ventas o transmisiones, siendo las protagonistas de los negocios sin procuración o acompañamiento de ningún hombre; 3. La exaltación de la mujer en la literatura trovadoresca y el amor cortés. Al declararse la cruzada contra los cátaros se condena también esta poesía hasta prohibirla, por subversiva; y 4. La difusión del culto mariano a partir del siglo XII. Paralelamente, la normatización y elevación a la categoría de sacramento al matrimonio.</p>
«Porque si se offresciere algún aviso o alguna cosa que vuestra merced me quiera screvir de secreto le envío esta cifra». Claves criptográficas conservadas en el archivo particular de Juan Rena durante el primera tercio del siglo XVI
Authors: Serrano Larráyoz Fernando 
Published: November 2015

<p>La reciente organización realizada por el Archivo General de Navarra de los papeles procedentes del archivo particular del clérigo veneciano Juan Rena (ca. 1480-1539), mano derecha de Fernando II de Aragón (el Católico) y Carlos V en la reestructuración administrativa del reino de Navarra tras su conquista en 1512, ha permitido conocer diverso material criptográfico tocante a las actividades vinculadas con su persona entre 1520 y 1529. En el presente trabajo se estudian tres cifras desconocidas hasta el momento, enmarcándolas en su contexto cronológico y relacionando sus principales características con otras claves conocidas en el ámbito hispano del siglo XVI. El desconocimiento de la existencia de este tipo de documentación relativa a las élites navarras de la Baja Edad Media y el Renacimiento las hace más interesantes, porque permite comprobar que no debieron de ser infrecuentes entre los sectores privilegiados.</p>