bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors influencing quality of life in asthmatics – a case–control study
Authors: Al‐kalemji Abir , Petersen Karin Dam , Sørensen Jan , Sherson David , Thilsing Trine , Schlünssen Vivi , Omland Øyvind , Thomsen Gert , Bælum Jesper 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIntroductionThe quality of life (QOL) in persons with asthma is reduced and different factors such as demography, asthma severity and psychiatric comorbidity play an influential role. However, little is known about the interplay of these factors.ObjectiveTo describe QOL in relation to asthma and analyse for the relative impact of asthma severity, psychiatric comorbidity, lifestyle (smoking and obesity) and demographic determinants on QOL in persons with asthma.MethodsOne thousand one hundred sixty‐one subjects from an earlier cohort with and without asthma were sent an asthma screening questionnaire and a generic QOL measuring instrument (15D).ResultsSeven hundred seventy‐eight valid responses (67%). QOL was significantly reduced in persons with asthma compared with controls (P = 0.001), almost on all domains of 15D. In the adjusted regression model, asthma severity, depression, female gender and smoking were associated with reduced QOL, suggesting that these factors play an independent role on lowering QOL. Depression did not inflate the relationship between asthma severity and worse QOL, suggesting that asthma severity plays an independent role on everyday life regardless of psychological state.ConclusionAsthma severity, psychiatric comorbidity, female gender and smoking were identified in this study to be major contributors to decreased QOL in asthmatics. Health professionals should be aware of this complex picture and take these factors into consideration when choosing the proper treatment of asthma patients. Asthma, asthma severity, epidemiology, psychiatric comorbidity, QOL.
Testing a model to track fish migrations in polar regions using pop‐up satellite archival tags
Authors: CHITTENDEN CEDAR M. , ÅDLANDSVIK BJØRN , PEDERSEN OLE‐PETTER , RIGHTON DAVID , RIKARDSEN AUDUN H. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe use of pop‐up archival satellite tags (PSATs) to geolocate marine fishes in polar regions is challenging due to the brevity of periods during which there is a defined sunrise and sunset. Models using other environmental parameters are thus required to supplement geolocation data in the estimation of marine migratory routes. The objective of this work was to create a simple method that would estimate the migratory pathways of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in polar regions using temperature and depth recordings. Validated geolocations from PSATs were used to test and constrict the model. The model’s predicted migratory routes were within 100 km of the light‐based geolocations calculated by the tags. By constraining the trajectories through the geolocations, bias was reduced. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that slight alterations of the location and timing of the start and end points did not affect the mean migratory route estimates. This method is a management tool that can determine the primary habitat areas for any surface‐ or bottom‐dwelling marine species – especially in polar regions, where other methods may be impossible.
Intestinal anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies in potential coeliac disease
Authors: Tosco A , Aitoro R , Auricchio R , Ponticelli D , Miele E , Paparo F , Greco L , Troncone R , Maglio M 
Published: September 2012

Summary
Anti-tissue transglutaminase 2 (anti-TG2) antibodies are present in the serum of the great majority of untreated coeliac disease (CD) patients. They are produced and deposited in the small intestinal mucosa. Potential CD patients present serum anti-TG2 antibodies higher than cut-off, but a normal duodenal mucosa where mucosal deposits of anti-TG2 are not always detectable. The aim of our work was to investigate the presence of anti-TG2 intestinal antibodies in patients with potential CD, and identify the most sensitive test to detect them. Twelve active CD patients, 28 potential CD patients and 39 non-CD controls were enrolled. Biopsy fragments from all patients were analysed by double immunofluorescence to detect mucosal deposits of anti-TG2 antibodies. Fragments from the same subjects were also cultured for 24 h with medium in the presence or absence of gliadin peptides. Anti-TG2 autoantibodies secreted into supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All active CD, 68% of potential CD patients and 20% of non-CD controls showed mucosal deposits of immunoglobulin (Ig)A anti-TG2; at the same time 100, 96 and 8% of active CD, potential CD and non-CD control patients secreted these antibodies in culture supernatants, respectively. Our data showed that, to detect intestinal anti-TG2 antibodies, the measurement of antibodies secreted into culture supernatants has higher sensitivity and specificity (97·5 and 92·3%, respectively) than the detection of mucosal deposits (77·5 and 80·0%, respectively). The measurement of intestinal anti-TG2 antibodies may prove useful in clinical practice to predict evolution towards mucosal atrophy in potential coeliac patients and identify patients with gluten sensitivity.
Screening for insulinoma antigen 2 and zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies: a cost-effective and age-independent strategy to identify rapid progressors to clinical onset among relatives of type 1 diabetic patients
Authors: Gorus F K , Balti E V , Vermeulen I , Demeester S , Van Dalem A , Costa O , Dorchy H , Tenoutasse S , Mouraux T , De Block C , Gillard P , Decochez K , Wenzlau J M , Hutton J C , Pipeleers D G , Weets I ,   Belgian Diabetes Registry
Published: September 2012

Summary
In first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetic patients, we investigated whether diabetes risk assessment solely based on insulinoma antigen 2 (IA-2) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8) antibody status (IA-2A, respectively, ZnT8A) is as effective as screening for three or four autoantibodies [antibodies against insulin (IAA), glutamate decarboxylase 65 kDa (GAD) glutamate decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA) and IA-2A with or without ZnT8A] in identifying children, adolescents and adults who progress rapidly to diabetes (within 5 years). Antibodies were determined by radiobinding assays during follow-up of 6444 siblings and offspring aged 0–39 years at inclusion and recruited consecutively by the Belgian Diabetes Registry. We identified 394 persistently IAA+, GADA+, IA-2A+ and/or ZnT8A+ relatives (6·1%). After a median follow-up time of 52 months, 132 relatives developed type 1 diabetes. In each age category tested (0–9, 10–19 and 20–39 years) progression to diabetes was significantly quicker in the presence of IA-2A and/or ZnT8A than in their joint absence (P &lt; 0·001). Progression rate was age-independent in IA-2A+ and/or ZnT8A+ relatives but decreased with age if only GADA and/or IAA were present (P = 0·008). In the age group mainly considered for immune interventions until now (10–39 years), screening for IA-2A and ZnT8A alone identified 78% of the rapid progressors (versus 75% if positive for ≥ 2 antibodies among IAA, GADA, IA-2A and ZnT8A or versus 62% without testing for ZnT8A). Screening for IA-2A and ZnT8A alone allows identification of the majority of rapidly progressing prediabetic siblings and offspring regardless of age and is more cost-effective to select participants for intervention trials than conventional screening.
A simple method for determining the spatial resolution of a general inverse problem
Authors: An Meijian 
Published: September 2012

SummaryThe resolution matrix of an inverse problem defines a linear relationship in which each solution parameter is derived from the weighted averages of nearby true-model parameters, and the resolution matrix elements are the weights. Resolution matrices are not only widely used to measure the solution obtainability or the inversion perfectness from the data based on the degree to which the matrix approximates the identity matrix, but also to extract spatial-resolution or resolution-length information. Resolution matrices presented in previous spatial-resolution analysis studies can be divided into three classes: direct resolution matrix, regularized/stabilized resolution matrix and hybrid resolution matrix. The direct resolution matrix can yield resolution-length information only for ill-posed inverse problems. The regularized resolution matrix cannot give any spatial-resolution information. The hybrid resolution matrix can provide resolution-length information; however, this depends on the regularization contribution to the inversion. The computation of the matrices needs matrix operation, however, this is often a difficult problem for very large inverse problems. Here, a new class of resolution matrices, generated using a Gaussian approximation (called the statistical resolution matrices), is proposed whereby the direct determination of the matrix is accomplished via a simple one-parameter non-linear inversion performed based on limited pairs of random synthetic models and their inverse solutions. Tests showed that a statistical resolution matrix could not only measure the resolution obtainable from the data, but also provided reasonable spatial/temporal resolution or resolution-length information. The estimates were restricted to forward/inversion processes and were independent of the degree of inverse skill used in the solution inversion; therefore, the original inversion codes did not need to be modified. The absence of a requirement for matrix operations during the estimation process indicated that this approach is particularly suitable for very large linear/linearized inverse problems. The estimation of statistical resolution matrices is useful for both direction-dependent and direction-independent resolution estimations. Interestingly, even a random synthetic input model without specific checkers provided an inverse output solution that yielded a checkerboard pattern that gave not only indicative resolution-length information but also information on the direction dependence of the resolution.
Azimuthal anisotropy analysis of walkaround vertical seismic profiling vertical seismic profiling: a case study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Dulaijan Khaled , Owusu John C. , Weber Douglass C. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTUnderstanding fracture orientations is important for optimal field development of fractured reservoirs because fractures can act as conduits for fluid flow. This is especially true for unconventional reservoirs (e.g., tight gas sands and shale gas). Using walkaround Vertical Seismic Profiling (VSP) technology presents a unique opportunity to identify seismic azimuthal anisotropy for use in mapping potential fracture zones and their orientation around a borehole. Saudi Aramco recently completed the acquisition, processing and analysis of a walkaround VSP survey through an unconventional tight gas sand reservoir to help characterize fractures.In this paper, we present the results of the seismic azimuthal anisotropy analysis using seismic traveltime, shear‐wave splitting and amplitude attenuation. The azimuthal anisotropy results are compared to the fracture orientations derived from dipole sonic and image logs. The image log interpretation suggests that an orthorhombic fracture system is present. VSP data show that the P‐wave traveltime anisotropy direction is NE to SW. This is consistent with the cemented fractures from the image log interpretation. The seismic amplitude attenuation anisotropy direction is NW to SE. This is consistent with one of the two orientations obtained using transverse to radial amplitude ratio analysis, with the dipole sonic and with open fracture directions interpreted from image log data.
Sports injuries among adolescents: Incidence, causes and consequences
Authors: Schneider Sven , Yamamoto Shelby , Weidmann Christian , Brühmann Boris 
Published: September 2012

Aim:  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 1‐year incidence, location, type, mechanism and severity of sports injuries for adolescents in Germany.Methods:  Data were from the ‘German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents’, a nationwide study of n = 17 641 children and adolescents. Analyses were based on a weighted total sample size of nw = 7451 adolescents between 11 and 17 years of age, 51% of them boys.Results:  A total of 577 adolescents (8%) reported having experienced a sports injury during the past year. Collisions and falls were reported as being the most important causes. The most frequent diagnoses were contusions, dislocations, strains and sprains (60%), followed by fractures (26%). Most injuries (88%) were treated on an outpatient basis with only 12% resulting in hospitalisation. Gender‐specific analyses showed that 9% of the boys and 7% of the girls suffered from a sports injury during the past year. After adjusting for the level of physical activity, these gender differences disappeared (ORgirls 0.94; 95% confidence intervals: 0.74–1.18). Excluding injuries incurred from falls while horse riding, there were no gender differences in the mechanism of injury. Among boys, 30% of all injuries were fractures, among girls 20% (P < 0.05). Apart from fractures, no further differences between the sexes in the range of diagnoses were identified.Conclusions:  Although these results suggest that the risk of sports injuries does not differ significantly based on adolescents' gender, the incidence rate of adolescent sports injuries within Germany is relatively high.
An adolescent patient with post‐thrombotic syndrome achieves excellence in sport
Authors: Jones Sophie , Monagle Paul , Newall Fiona 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe reported incidence of post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS) following deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in children has increased. Diagnosis of PTS is reliant on assessment of clinical signs and self‐report of physical symptoms. We present the case of an 11‐year‐old young man, diagnosed with a spontaneous lower‐limb DVT, who developed significant clinical signs of severe PTS with no apparent physical symptoms. In adolescence, the patient participated in high‐level competitive sport with no reported functional limitations. This case highlights that reliance on the severity of only clinical signs without an understanding of a child's physical abilities limits the assessment of PTS.
Mineral nutrition of the hyperparasitic mistletoe Viscum articulatum Burm. f. (Viscaceae) in tropical Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Tennakoon Kushan U. , Chak Wang H. , Lim Linda B. L. , Bolin Jay F. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA plant parasite parasitizing another plant parasite is known as a hyperparasite. Information is scarce regarding the ecophysiology of hyperparasites and their hosts despite their potential to illuminate processes of host–parasite solute flux. Here we present mineral profiles and stable isotopic data for two associations of the hyperparasite Viscum articulatum and its primary mistletoe and tree hosts. Acting as the terminal sink, the hyperparasite had consistently higher contents of all major and minor elements evaluated compared to the primary parasite and the proximal portion of the tree host branch. The primary parasite had lower contents of Cu, Mg, Mn, N, and Z relative to the proximal portion of the tree host branch, suggesting nutritional stress applied by the hyperparasite. Interestingly Fe and Cu showed no consistent pattern between host and primary parasite, while the osmotically active elements P and K increased from tree host, to primary mistletoe, and finally the hyperparasitic mistletoe. The δ13C partitioning patterns for hyperparasites, primary parasites, and hosts were non‐linear in contrast to linear patterns reported from the literature for autoparasitic mistletoe associations, demonstrating fundamental differences between nutrition in hyperparasites and autoparasites.
Pollen limitation, fruit abortion, and autonomous selfing in three populations of the perennial herbRuellia nudiflora
Authors: Abdala‐Roberts Luis , Marrufo‐Zapata Denis , Arceo‐Gómez Gerardo , Parra‐Tabla Victor 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMultiple factors determine plant reproductive success and their influence may vary spatially. This study addresses several factors influencing female reproductive success in three populations ofRuellia nudiflora, specifically we: (i) determine if fruit set is pollen‐limited and if pollinator visitation rates are related to this condition; (ii) estimate fruit set via autonomous self‐pollination (AS) and relate it to the magnitude of herkogamy; and (iii) evaluate if fruit abortion is a post‐pollination mechanism that determines the magnitude of pollen limitation. At each site we marked 35 plants, grouped as: unmanipulated control (C) plants subjected to open pollination, plants manually cross‐pollinated (MP), and plants excluded from pollinators and only able to self‐pollinate autonomously (AS). Fruit set was greater forMPrelative toCplants providing evidence for pollen limitation, while a tendency was observed for lower fruit abortion ofMPrelative toCplants suggesting that fruit set is influenced not only by pollen deliveryper se, but also by subsequent abortion. In addition, although pollinator visits varied significantly among populations, the magnitude of pollen limitation did not, suggesting that pollinator activity was not relevant in determining pollen limitation. Finally, fruit set tended to decrease with the degree of herkogamy forASplants, but this result was inconclusive. These findings have contributed to identify which factors influence reproductive success in populations ofR. nudiflora, with potentially relevant implications for population genetic structure and mating system evolution of this species.
Talking science and wishing for miracles: Understanding cultures of mental health practice
Authors: Lakeman Richard 
Published: September 2012

AbstractScience can only offer a limited account of, and prescription for, mental health care. Yet the language of science and faith in the universal applicability of particular scientific methods to the craft of mental health care has come to permeate mental health practice communities. In this paper, the argument that many beliefs held by mental health professionals might be considered to be based on faith rather than science is presented, and the view that culture provides a useful lens for understanding mental health services and these paradoxes is proposed. Clearly there is a grand mental health narrative or colonizing influence of biological psychiatry that in various ways affects all mainstream mental health services. Local health services and professional communities might be considered subcultures. Understanding how mental health professions and practice are embedded in culture might be useful in considering how practice changes and why. Culture and caring practices are mutually embedded in localized subcultures. Therefore, a rich description of context and history is necessary in publication, presentation, or other communications to enable genuine understanding by a global audience. Viewing mental health practice in a cultural context highlights the importance of values and differences, and encourages humility in the face of ambiguity.
Effects of positive cognitions and resourcefulness on caregiver burden among caregivers of persons with dementia
Authors: Bekhet Abir K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCurrently, 5.4 million persons in the USA are diagnosed with dementia, and this number is projected to rise to 7.7 million by the year 2030. Family caregivers provide up to 80% of the care needed by persons with dementia and published work suggests that caring for persons with dementia can be very costly to caregivers' health. This study examined the mediating and the moderating effects of positive cognitions on the relationship between caregiver burden and resourcefulness in 80 caregivers of persons with dementia. A descriptive, correlational, and cross‐sectional design was used in this study. The researcher contacted the administrators at the Alzheimer's Association early stage programs in Southeastern Wisconsin and questionnaires were distributed to interested caregivers. Positive cognitions explained 31% of the variance in resourcefulness (F (1, 78) = 35.46, P < 0.001) and as positive cognitions increased, caregivers' resourcefulness increased. Positive cognitions were found to be a mediator as evidenced by a substantial drop in the beta weight of caregiver burden from B = −0.28 to B = −0.11 when positive cognitions were entered into the equation. Interventions to strengthen positive thinking among caregivers of persons with dementia are needed to help caregivers overcome their burden.
Police referrals to a psychiatric hospital: Experiences of nurses caring for police‐referred admissions
Authors: Maharaj Reshin , O'Brien Louise , Gillies Donna , Andrew Sharon 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPolice are a major source of referral to psychiatric hospitals in industrialized countries with mental health legislation. However, little attention has been paid to nurses' experience of caring for police‐referred patients to psychiatric hospitals. This study utilized a Heideggerian phenomenological framework to explore the experiences of nine nurses caring for patients referred by the police, through semistructured interviews. Two major themes emerged from the hermeneutic analyses of interviews conducted with nurse participants: (i) ‘expecting “the worst” ’; and (ii) ‘balancing therapeutic care and forced treatment’. Expecting ‘the worst’ related to the perceptions nurse participants had about patients referred by the police. This included two sub‐themes: (i) ‘we are here to care for whoever they bring in’; and (ii) ‘but who deserves care?’ The second theme balancing therapeutic care and forced treatment included the sub‐themes: (i) ‘taking control, taking care’; and (ii) ‘managing power’. The study raises ethical and skill challenges for nursing including struggling with the notion of who deserves care, and balancing the imperatives of legislation with the need to work within a therapeutic framework.
Simulating the role of visual selective attention during the development of perceptual completion
Authors: Schlesinger Matthew , Amso Dima , Johnson Scott P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe recently proposed a multi‐channel, image‐filtering model for simulating the development of visual selective attention in young infants (Schlesinger, Amso & Johnson, 2007). The model not only captures the performance of 3‐month‐olds on a visual search task, but also implicates two cortical regions that may play a role in the development of visual selective attention. In the current simulation study, we used the same model to simulate 3‐month‐olds’ performance on a second measure, the perceptual unity task. Two parameters in the model – corresponding to areas in the occipital and parietal cortices – were systematically varied while the gaze patterns produced by the model were recorded and subsequently analyzed. Three key findings emerged from the simulation study. First, the model successfully replicated the performance of 3‐month‐olds on the unity perception task. Second, the model also helps to explain the improved performance of 2‐month‐olds when the size of the occluder in the unity perception task is reduced. Third, in contrast to our previous simulation results, variation in only one of the two cortical regions simulated (i.e. recurrent activity in posterior parietal cortex) resulted in a performance pattern that matched 3‐month‐olds. These findings provide additional support for our hypothesis that the development of perceptual completion in early infancy is promoted by progressive improvements in visual selective attention and oculomotor skill.