bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trend Analysis of Rainfall and Temperature of Periyar River Basin
Authors: Khan Rehan , Sharif Mohammed , Shakeel Mohammad 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The Periyar River Basin, located in the southern part of India, is an ecologically significant region characterized by diverse flora and fauna. Understanding the long-term trends of rainfall and temperature in this basin is crucial for assessing the impacts of climate change on its hydrological system and ecosystem dynamics. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of rainfall and temperature trends in the Periyar River Basin, using historical climate data spanning several decades. Rainfall analysis revealed substantial inter-annual and intra-seasonal variability in the basin. The Mann-Kendall trend test was employed to detect significant trends in annual and seasonal rainfall. The results indicated a variable trend in the annual rainfall, particularly during the monsoon season, which could have potential implications for water availability and agricultural practices. Temperature trends were analysed using statistical techniques such as linear regression and the Sen’s slope estimator. The results demonstrated a clear warming trend in the basin, with a significant increase in mean annual temperatures. In contrast to the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, it was discovered that the pace of warming was higher in the winter and pre-monsoon seasons. These temperature trends have important implications for the hydrological regime, ecosystem dynamics, and agricultural practices in the basin. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the changing climate patterns in the Periyar River Basin. The observed variation in annual rainfall and the increasing temperature trends underscore the need for sustainable water resource management strategies, climate-resilient agricultural practices, and conservation measures to mitigate the potential adverse impacts on the basin’s ecosystems and human livelihoods. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers, water resource managers, and stakeholders involved in the sustainable development of the Periyar River Basin and other similar regions worldwide.
Predicting Compressive Strength of Pervious Concrete Using Artificial Neural Network and Regression
Authors: Tekwani B , Gupta A B 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Conventional concrete is amongst the most practicing materials used in construction industry. Now researchers are gradually progressing to nonconventional concrete for sustainable construction. Pervious concrete is sustainable type concrete, it has little or no fines which makes open cell structure that allows water and air to pass through it. The estimation of strength of normal conventional concrete using Rebound Hammer (RN’) and Ultra-Sonic Pulse Velocity (UPV’) tester has been widely discussed and appropriate models also suggested for correlations, but correlation models for pervious concrete are not yet suggested. In this experimental study two types of pervious concretes were prepared. On these samples Destructive Test (DT) and Non Destructive Test (NDT) were performed. Using the concluded results correlation equations were developed using statistical curve fitting method between crushing strength and RN’ and UPV’ derived for pervious concrete. A Neural Network was also developed to estimate compressive strength of pervious concrete using Destructive Test (DT) and Non Destructive Test (NDT) methods, for this dataset were divided into three sets educating data, testing and validation. A mathematical equation was developed for computations of in situ compressive strength with help of weights and biases extracted from ANN. The obtained results from ANN mathematical model was compared with statistical model. The coefficient of determination (R2) is 0.980 while for statistical curve fitting is 0.743. The RMSE, MAPE and VAF of ANN model are 1.889, 8.45 and 93.11 while for statistical curve fitting are 2.094, 11.58 and 74.3. The results indicate that ANN can have better prediction of compressive strength of pervious concrete.
A review on the applications of biomimetic principles for sustainable construction
Authors: Adarsh S , Thomas Anu V 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Biomimetics is an applied science that offers reasonable solutions to various issues of mankind by deriving inspirations from nature by studying the natural designs, processes and systems and imitating the same, thereby achieving maximum construction benefits, even post construction, in a sustainable manner. This paper is a state-of-art review on biomimetics, the different levels of biomimetics, the various approaches of biomimetics, and applications of biomimetics in the construction industry. A case study on East Gate Centre, Harare, is presented to show how the biomimetic approach can be incorporated into the design of new buildings, to function like living organisms, thereby meeting the necessary requirements of making them adaptable to the climatic conditions, and also being able to provide most of its energy requirements from the surrounding nature. The design of the building is on the basis of the ideas and strategies inherited from termites and termite mound. The termites are effectively capable of maintaining a regular uniform internal temperature of 30°C, despite a fluctuation of the daily temperature from less than 0°C to higher than 40°C. This building with an approximate area of 32000 square meters was built with just 10 percentage of the costs of ventilation normally required for the region, 35 percent less costs for energy requirements, and also about 10 percent lesser typical capital costs, thus resulting in savings of about $3.5 million for the $36 million building. Various findings from the study reveal that biomimetic approaches have considerable potential in energy and resource management and utilization, and achieving sustainable development in the construction sector.
Performance evaluation of Trombe wall systems in enhancing thermal comfort in residential buildings of Subtropical highland climate - A case of Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Manav M. , Aniket Sharma 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The implementation of passive solar technology has a substantial impact on the improvement of thermal comfort in indoor environments through lower consumption of energy. is significantly influenced by the implementation of passive solar technologies. Among these, the Trombe wall stands out as a viable option due to its simplicity and seamless integration with buildings, enabling both heating and cooling functionalities. To enhance thermal comfort in existing residential structures in Hamirpur, this research primarily focuses on evaluating the thermal efficiency of two different Trombe wall systems, the simple Trombe wall, and the modified Trombe wall. Firstly, A total of 11 case study buildings, representing conventional and traditional residential structures, were chosen within the Subtropical highland climate (Cwa) zone as sample cases. On-site measurements were taken and data was collected using a survey questionnaire to record thermal comfort parameters for defining the neutral comfort range of the residents. To ascertain the total discomfort hours during both heating and cooling design days throughout the year, simulation studies were conducted utilizing the Design Builder software. for varying Trombe wall design parameters including Trombe wall area, channel depth, inlet-outlet size, and glazing properties. Based on the results of extensive simulations, design guidelines for the Trombe wall in residential buildings were proposed.
Relocation of plastic hinge in steel beam using Shape Memory Alloy
Authors: Jadhav R V , Bajoria K M , Mane A M , Mane S D , Patil A D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Steel framed structures with different types of frames are very widely used in low and midrise buildings around the world. Among all the steel frames moment resisting frames (MRF) are most popular ones which can provide large clear spans as bracing systems are absent in these types of frames. The study of past seismic events implies that the connections are vulnerable under lateral seismic loads. As bracings are not provided in moment resisting frames, the main components which support the lateral loads in the frame are the beam column connections. The failure prone critical location in steel frames is the beam column connection having possibility of brittle failure. To avoid this, efforts are being taken to shift the position of plastic hinge from beam column junction. In this research a new composite beam of NiTi and Steel is developed which absorb the dynamic load and develops a pseudo hinge in NTi Material. This avoids the damage at junction under seismic load. On unloading after the seismic event the yielding developed in NiTi in the beam gets recovered and beam regains the original shape. This happens due to the special property of NiTi, which is known as super elasticity. This is a stress induced property in which material sustains the loads because of superelasticity. The performance of this novel connection is compared with steel connection. The NiTi connection shows superior performance showing 80-95 % recovery.
Quantifying the impact of earthquakes on urban energy consumption and carbon emissions in Tokyo from a nexus perspective
Authors: Hu Xujie , Yan Wanglin 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Unexpected events can have profound impacts on urban resource supply and consumption. The Great East Japan Earthquake (3.11 hereafter) triggered not only the planned blackout in the Tokyo Metropolitan Region soon after the disaster but also the energy shift to fossil fuels to recover from the disfunction of Fukushima nuclear power plants. Previous research has mainly focused on the direct energy consumption and carbon emissions of different sectors while the intensity and extensity of the impact on industries and the environment have never been empirically addressed. This study explores energy-use efficiency and carbon emissions in Tokyo from 2011 to 2015 through a lens of nexus using environmentally extended input-output analysis and community-wide carbon analytic approaches. Results show that the energy consumption is the largest exporter and importer of carbon emissions, whereas energy losses and carbon emissions caused by energy conversion and transmission are almost twice as much as those caused by the direct parts. Strong nexus effects among building and material, transportation, and energy consumption were observed. The 3.11 greatly impacted the energy structure and carbon emission patterns because of the increased consumption of coal for electricity. The share of energy consumption and carbon emissions by raw materials for construction also increased because of the increased demand for the reparation and reconstruction of buildings and transport systems. This structural change provided new scientific evidence for governments to implement decarbonization policies while preparing for unprecedented events.
Effect of aging treatment on microstructure and corrosion properties of Al-Cu-Mn-Si-Mg-Er-Zr alloy
Authors: Ma Chenxi , Rong Li , Wei Wu , Chen Jiongshen , Wang Meng , Wang Zezhong , Zhou Li , Wang Xiaobo , Zheng Zhihao , Huang Hui 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The microstructure, mechanical properties and intergranular corrosion resistance of Al-Cu-Mn-Si-Mg-Er-Zr alloy with squeeze casting in the peak aging state at different temperatures were studied. The alloy was aged at 165 °C, 175 °C and 185 °C, and reached peak aging at 18 h, 12 h and 8 h respectively, among them, the alloy treated with 175 °C/12 h aging has the highest hardness, reaching 149 HV, and the yield strength is also the highest, which is 387 MPa. It is because the Q phase precipitated during the aging process of the alloy provides a heterogeneous nucleation site for the θ′ phase, the average size of the θ′ phase is 73.38 nm. The intergranular corrosion depth of the alloy after aging treatment at 175 °C/12 h was the deepest, reaching 284.91μm. At this time, the width of precipitation-free zone(PFZ) is the widest in the grain boundary microstructure, which is 92.21 nm, and the grain boundary precipitation phase is continuously distributed.
Machine learning system for commercial banana harvesting
Authors: Hayat Ahatsham , Baglat Preety , Mendonça Fábio , Mostafa Sheikh Shanawaz , Morgado-Dias Fernando 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The conventional process of visual detection and manual harvesting of the banana bunch has been a known problem faced by the agricultural industry. It is a laborious activity associated with inconsistency in the inspection and grading process, leading to post-harvest losses. Automated fruit harvesting using computer vision empowered by deep learning could significantly impact the visual inspection process domains, allowing consistent harvesting and grading. To achieve the goal of the industry-level harvesting process, this work collects data from professional harvesters from the industry. It investigates six state-of-the-art architectures to find the best solution. 2,685 samples were collected from four different sites with expert opinions from industry harvesters to cut (or harvest) and keep (or not harvest) the banana brunch. Comparative results showed that the DenseNet121 architecture outperformed the other examined architectures, reaching a precision, recall, F1 score, accuracy, and specificity of 85%, 82%, 82%, 83%, and 83%, respectively. In addition, an understanding of the underlying black box nature of the solution was visualized and found adequate. This visual interpretation of the model supports human expert’s criteria for harvesting. This system can assist or replace human experts in the field.
Conclusion
Authors: Alami Ilias , Dixon Adam D 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In recapping the key arguments of the book, this chapter emphasizes its contribution to new state capitalism debates and related literatures, from state theory to the international political economy of state transformations, and the role of the state in global production and financial networks, and discusses future research avenues. The chapter then asks: ‘how will state capitalism shape our near future?’ and offers a series of provisional arguments and speculative hypotheses. It identifies the seeds of possible future transformations contained within our state capitalist present, and discusses them with respect to neoliberalism, climate change, and the future of capitalism as a mode of production. Neoliberalism is already evolving new mutants in reaction to state capitalism. In an age of catastrophic climate warming and environmental breakdown, the new state capitalism is not only here to stay, but its presence might be felt throughout the world economy like never before in recent capitalist history. This could lead to a qualitative change, that is, a deeper mutation in the form of the state and its relation to capital. The spectre of state capitalism is the hypothesis that the cumulative combination of resurgent state ownership and ramped up statism, while not aimed at transforming the social property relations of capitalist society, may inadvertently end up doing so, with consequences for the nature of global capitalism, patterns of class formation, and the socialization of capital, production, and private labour. The chapter closes the book by identifying potential openings for progressive and emancipatory politics.
Socioeconomic disadvantage and racial/ethnic disparities in low-risk cesarean birth in California
Authors: Bane Shalmali , Mujahid Mahasin S , Main Elliot K , Carmichael Suzan L 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Our objective was to assess the relationship of socioeconomic disadvantage and race/ethnicity with low-risk cesarean birth. We examined birth certificates (2007-2018) linked with maternal hospitalization data from California; the outcome was cesarean birth among low-risk deliveries (ie, nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex [NTSV]). We used generalized estimation equation Poisson regression with an interaction term for race/ethnicity (n = 7 groups) and a measure of socioeconomic disadvantage (census tract–level neighborhood deprivation index, education, or insurance). Among 1 815 933 NTSV births, 26.6% were by cesarean section. When assessing the joint effect of race/ethnicity and socioeconomic disadvantage among low-risk births, risk of cesarean birth increased with socioeconomic disadvantage for most racial/ethnic groups, and disadvantaged Black individuals had the highest risks. For example, Black individuals with a high school education or less had a risk ratio of 1.49 (95% CI, 1.45-1.53) relative to White individuals with a college degree. The disparity in risk of cesarean birth between Black and White individuals was observed across all strata of socioeconomic disadvantage. Asian American and Hispanic individuals had higher risks than White individuals at lower socioeconomic disadvantage; this disparity was not observed at higher levels of disadvantage. Black individuals have a persistent, elevated risk of cesarean birth relative to White individuals, regardless of socioeconomic disadvantage.
346 Planning for growth: occupational hygiene capability
Authors: Alesbury Roger 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
ILO estimates that each year a total of 160 million new cases of work-related illness occur globally (35 million due to exposure to chemicals) and 2 million lives are lost to occupational disease (3% of all deaths).
How do we as a community grow the occupational hygiene skill base to manage this risk?
In 2006, concerned at the slow growth in occupational hygiene capability, a group of senior occupational hygienists with global reach met to consider options. Their report was circulated widely and presented at International Conferences and IOHA and National Association meetings. With input and contributions from across the world, a series of modular training packages were developed. In 2009, the Occupational Hygiene Training Association (OHTA) was formed to run this program under the IOHA umbrella.
This talk will cover how OHTA evolved, what it offers and how it complements and supports other programmes to develop and grow occupational hygiene capability. For the last 15 years, its resources have been used by occupational hygienists across the world for the training and development of the next generation of occupational hygienists.
As OHTA enters the next phase of its evolution, hear latest developments and how you can become part of this program “Uniting Occupational Hygiene Professionals at a Global level to protect worker health”
28 IOHA National accreditation recognition certification program development template and guideline
Authors: Fuller Thomas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The National Accreditation Recognition (NAR) Committee establishes a process and criteria to recognize national occupational hygiene associations who offer certification examinations for the profession. The goal is to promote global respect for and recognition of Occupational Hygiene Certification Programs which meet or exceed the IOHA Model Certification Program requirements. Although some preliminary guidance is provided to potential applicants on the NAR Committee webpage, the development of required procedures and documents can be a daunting endeavor. This session will provide a guideline or template for proposed policies and programs that can be used as a model or roadmap for organizations considering the creation of a certification exam and program. Even members of national credentialing organizations who are already NAR Committee recognized can benefit by attending this topical session where innovations and new methodologies for examination and program implementation will be presented and discussed.
29 Survey of occupational hygiene professional practice in spanish-speaking countries
Authors: Fuller Thomas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Professional credentialing schemes based on experience and examination are used to clarify the scope and required competencies associated with the practice of a profession. To date there is no certification scheme for occupational hygienists in Spanish speaking regions. To fill this void a new credentialing body has been created called the Iberoamerican Board of Occupational Hygiene (JIHO). As a first step to the development of a certification exam for it was necessary to determine the interest in an occupational hygiene certification exam in Spanish and to clarify the most common work practices for those working in the profession. To determine the proper exam weightings for occupational hygiene competencies needed to practice in Spanish-speaking regions JIHO conducted a comprehensive survey of professional practice of occupational hygiene in nations where Spanish is spoken as the primary language. Surveys were sent to 456 practicing occupational hygienists in 9 different countries on a variety of topics. Results indicated that 86% of respondents felt a strong need for an OH certification exam in Spanish. The most frequent and important technical competencies utilized in practice were indicated as 1) awareness about the health effects of hazardous agents to make decisions about workplace activities and worker exposures, and 2) the application of the hierarchy of controls, control banding, hazard communication, training of employees and other methods to reduce worker exposure and workplace risks. The study results have been used to guide the weighting and importance of various technical topics and rubrics on the JIHO exam.
63 How to influence worker health protection through effective communication
Authors: Kirby Margaret 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background
A key part of the role of occupational hygienists is about communicating information on health hazards and controls which are needed to protect worker health. How we communicate is evolving in line with the changing world of work, and the increase in remote work. Research shows that email and text-based communication is often overestimated in terms of its influence and impact. According to the research, only 15% of our communication success is due to our technical knowledge, and 85% is due to our skill in communicating, negotiating and leading.

Aim
This talk outlines why worker health communication can often go wrong or not gain the buy in or support which is required. It will outline new thoughts and new ways of communicating which will win people over to the way you would like them to perceive health hazards, risk and controls. It will enable you to arouse enthusiasm among your work colleagues to want to support occupational hygiene measures. It will also increase your influence and your ability to get things done.

Methods
This creative and engaging talk demonstrates through factual evidence, historical references, and real-life scenarios where worker health communication has failed and why. It outlines a set of fundamental principles to follow which will revolutionise how worker health protection information is communicated in order to get the best out of people, and positively influence risk perception and behaviours.

Outcomes
Delegates will learn the fundamental principles when communicating on worker health protection and exponentially increase their influence and success within the workplace and beyond.