bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal and mechanical evolution of an orogenic wedge during Variscan collision: an example in the Maures–Tanneron Massif (SE France)
Authors: Schneider Julie , Corsini Michel , Reverso-Peila Alexandre , Lardeaux Jean-Marc 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Synthesis of structural, petrological and geochronological data for the Maures–Tanneron Massif and its integration in the framework of adjacent massifs (i.e. Sardinia and Corsica) has allowed us to propose a new model of evolution for the southern Variscan belt. After Siluro-Devonian subduction associated with high-pressure–low-temperature (HP/LT) metamorphism M
0
(
c.
10–15 °C km
−1
) and subsequent Carboniferous nappes stacking, the belt underwent strong reworking related to back-thrusting. Nappes stacking and back-thrusting were associated with typical Barrovian metamorphism M
1
(
c.
20–30 °C km
−1
) starting at 360 Ma that progressively evolved to higher temperature metamorphisms M
2
(
c.
40–60 °C km
−1
) and M
3
(
c.
60–80 °C km
−1
) during 330–300 Ma in the internal part of the belt. Progressive increase of the thermal gradient is interpreted as a consequence of gravitational instabilities triggered in the partially molten orogenic root. Continuous compressive forces applied to the belt allowed vertical extrusion of the orogenic root in fold-dome structures. The mass transfer is accommodated by orogen-parallel transpressive shearing synchronous with M
3
during Late Carboniferous time. The orogenic wedge is characterized by two main tectono-metamorphic units decoupled by a major shear belt: an Internal Zone with migmatites and syntectonic granitoids, where HP relicts have been exhumed, and an External Zone that escaped the late HT event and preserved precious structures.
A Fully Pipelined FPGA Architecture of a Factored Restricted Boltzmann Machine Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Kim Lok-Won , Asaad Sameh , Linsker Ralph 
Published: February 2014

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are a natural target for hardware acceleration by FPGAs and GPGPUs because commercial-scale applications can require days to weeks to train using CPUs, and the algorithms are highly parallelizable. Previous work on FPGAs has shown how hardware parallelism can be used to accelerate a “Restricted Boltzmann Machine” (RBM) ANN algorithm, and how to distribute computation across multiple FPGAs.
Here we describe a fully pipelined parallel architecture that exploits “mini-batch” training (combining many input cases to compute each set of weight updates) to further accelerate ANN training. We implement on an FPGA, for the first time to our knowledge, a more powerful variant of the basic RBM, the “Factored RBM” (fRBM). The fRBM has proved valuable in learning transformations and in discovering features that are present across multiple types of input. We obtain (in simulation) a 100-fold acceleration (vs. CPU software) for an fRBM having N = 256 units in each of its four groups (two input, one output, one intermediate group of units) running on a Virtex-6 LX760 FPGA. Many of the architectural features we implement are applicable not only to fRBMs, but to basic RBMs and other ANN algorithms more broadly.
Determinants of Human Papillomavirus Coinfections among Montreal University Students: The Influence of Behavioral and Biologic Factors
Authors: Smith Michaela A. , Tellier Pierre-Paul , Roger Michel , Coutlée Francois , Franco Eduardo L. , Richardson Harriet 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) coinfections are common among HPV-infected individuals, but the significance and etiology of these infections remain unclear. Though current evidence suggests that women with coinfections have increased HPV exposure (i.e., more sexual partners), it is also hypothesized that these women may represent a subgroup with increased biologic susceptibility. This study sought to examine determinants of coinfections in a cohort of young women, examining both behavioral and biologic factors related to HPV acquisition over time.
Methods: Female university students (n = 537) in Montreal, Canada, were followed for 2 years at 6-month intervals. At each visit, cervical specimens were collected for cytology and HPV testing, and women completed a questionnaire about lifestyle and behavior. HLA alleles were typed from purified DNA collected from cervical specimens. Two definitions of coinfections were used: cumulative coinfection over follow-up and concurrent coinfection at each visit. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine predictors of both cumulative and concurrent coinfections using baseline and time-dependent covariates.
Results: The most consistent determinant of coinfection occurrence was number of sexual partners, though several genes of the immune response (HLA-DQB1*06:02, HLA-G*01:01:03, and HLA-G*01:01:05) were also identified as significant predictors of cumulative coinfections.
Conclusions: HPV coinfections mainly occur due to increased sexual activity, but biologic susceptibility may also be involved in a subset of women. Immunologic factors may put women at greater risk of coinfections over the long term, but short-term risk is almost exclusively driven by modifiable sexual behaviors.
Impact: Additional research should continue to further identify immunologic biomarkers of HPV susceptibility. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(5); 812–22. ©2014 AACR.
The Role of Gene Body Cytosine Modifications in MGMT Expression and Sensitivity to Temozolomide
Authors: Moen Erika L. , Stark Amy L. , Zhang Wei , Dolan M. Eileen , Godley Lucy A. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is known to play a role in sensitivity to temozolomide. Promoter hypermethylation of MGMT is commonly used to predict low expression levels of MGMT in gliomas, despite observed discordance between promoter methylation and protein levels. Here, we investigated the functional role of gene body cytosine modification in regulating levels of MGMT gene expression and sensitivity to temozolomide. In 91 human glioblastoma samples, we observed significant variation in MGMT expression levels in patients with an unmethylated promoter, with higher levels of gene body cytosine modification correlating with higher gene expression levels. Furthermore, inducing hypomethylation across the MGMT gene body with decitabine corresponded with decreased levels of MGMT gene expression in lymphoblastoid and glioblastoma cell lines, indicating an important functional role for gene body cytosine modifications in maintaining gene expression. We reasoned that the decrease in MGMT expression induced by decitabine may render resistant glioblastoma cell lines more sensitive to temozolomide. Consistent with this reasoning, we found that the MGMT-expressing glioblastoma cell lines exhibiting an unmethylated MGMT promoter that were pretreated with decitabine became significantly more sensitive to temozolomide. Overall, our results suggest a functional role for gene body cytosine modification in regulating gene expression of MGMT and indicate that pretreating patients whose tumors have an unmethylated MGMT promoter with decitabine before temozolomide treatment may increase their response to therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(5); 1334–44. ©2014 AACR.
Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier 3–Modified Proteome Regulated by Brain Ischemia in Novel Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier Transgenic Mice
Authors: Yang Wei , Sheng Huaxin , Thompson J. Will , Zhao Shengli , Wang Liangli , Miao Pei , Liu Xiaozhi , Moseley M. Arthur , Paschen Wulf 
Published: February 2014

Background and Purpose—
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) conjugation is a post-translational modification associated with many human diseases. Characterization of the SUMO-modified proteome is pivotal to define the mechanistic link between SUMO conjugation and such diseases. This is particularly evident for SUMO2/3 conjugation, which is massively activated after brain ischemia/stroke, and is believed to be a protective response. The purpose of this study was to perform a comprehensive analysis of the SUMO3-modified proteome regulated by brain ischemia using a novel SUMO transgenic mouse.

Methods—
To enable SUMO proteomics analysis in vivo, we generated transgenic mice conditionally expressing tagged SUMO1-3 paralogues. Transgenic mice were subjected to 10 minutes forebrain ischemia and 1 hour of reperfusion. SUMO3-conjugated proteins were enriched by anti-FLAG affinity purification and analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Results—
Characterization of SUMO transgenic mice demonstrated that all 3 tagged SUMO paralogues were functionally active, and expression of exogenous SUMOs did not modify the endogenous SUMOylation machinery. Proteomics analysis identified 112 putative SUMO3 substrates of which 91 candidates were more abundant in the ischemia group than the sham group. Data analysis revealed processes/pathways with putative neuroprotective functions, including glucocorticoid receptor signaling, RNA processing, and SUMOylation-dependent ubiquitin conjugation.

Conclusions—
The identified proteins/pathways modulated by SUMOylation could be the key to understand the mechanisms linking SUMOylation to neuroprotection, and thus provide new promising targets for therapeutic interventions. The new transgenic mouse will be an invaluable platform for analyzing the SUMO-modified proteome in models of human disorders and thereby help to mechanistically link SUMOylation to the pathological processes.
Introduction to Part I: Time and its Transformations from the Old World to the New
Authors: Stanfield-Mazzi Maya 
Published: February 2014

‭The four articles in Part I, Time and its Transformations from the Old World to the New, suggest that as Christianity was transmitted to the New World, this transmission necessitated new ways of conceiving of time and history. The articles thus point to new ways of thinking about the legacy of Christianity in Latin America. They also lead to a re-envisioning of the wider history of the Christian faith, a vision similarly expressed by artist Robert Graham on the doors of the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles.‬
The Trouble with Insect Cyborgs
Authors: Dodd Adam 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This paper examines recent developments in the construction of insect cyborgs by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (darpa), a branch of the u.s. Department of Defense, as part of its Hybrid Insect Microelectromechanical Systems (hi-mems ) project. It takes a sociological approach in order to account for the processes involved in the creation of insect cyborgs, arguing that such creatures should be seen as the outcome of social, as well as technological, conditions. The paper critically reflects on the ethical implications of the hi-mems project and discusses the philosophical repercussions of treating insects as if they are machines.
Non-Human Animal Abuse and Wildlife Trade: Harm in the Fur and Falcon Trades
Authors: Wyatt Tanya 
Published: February 2014

AbstractUntil recently, the field of criminology has largely ignored the suffering and abuse of non-human animals in the variety of forms in which it occurs. In order to address one aspect of this suffering, this article explores the non-human animal abuse inherent in the trade of wildlife. To demonstrate both the individual harm to non-human animals and the institutionalized abuse in this market, the fur and falcon trades will be detailed. First, since non-human animal abuse and harm have been largely invisible to the criminological community, this article sets out one justification for the adoption of a harm-based discourse. The result is examination of the these two forms of wildlife trade from an animal rights and species justice perspective of harm that is now one of the three broad conceptions of justice in the rapidly growing field of green criminology.
Theories of Practice: Marxist History-Writing and Complexity
Authors: Haldon John 
Published: February 2014

AbstractJairus Banaji’s collection of essays is a stimulating and provocative assessment of recent Marxist history-writing on issues of social theory and historical development in both ancient as well as modern societies. It challenges the overly simplistic application of Marx’s categories of analysis, arguing for both complexity and a clearer theorisation of fundamental terminology and analytical tropes, including labour-process and mode of production. This review article suggests that, while the basic arguments represent a welcome corrective to some Marxist historical work, and at the same time address in an accessible way non-Marxist historians, there remain some problematic issues, in particular in respect of the criteria for differentiating between different types of mode of production, the level at which this concept has heuristic application, and the distinction between the political/institutional and the modal instances of theorisations of social-economic relations. Some of these issues are exemplified by reference to particular historical cases.
Lineages of Capital
Authors: Bhattacharya Neeladri 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBanaji’s essays offer a powerful plea for a renewal of Marxism, a passionate argument to emancipate Marxism from the dead weight of vulgar traditions – with their simplifications, forced abstractions, mechanical reductions, generalised a-historical theorising, and familiar teleologies. To reinvigorate Marxism, argues Banaji, it is essential to use theory creatively, and recognise the need for complexity in thinking about categories. We cannot generalise about modes of production simply by referring to the forms of labour exploitation in the abstract: associate serfdom or coerced labour with feudalism, and free wage-labour with capitalism. Without historical research into the specific ways in which each economy works – its history and logic of operation – we cannot in the abstract characterise a mode of production: we only end up producing a formal evolutionary sequence of modes. Agreeing with the general thrust of the critique mounted in the book, this essay suggests that Banaji’s own arguments often reproduce the binaries and linearities he opposes, and remain framed within certain forms of reductionism.
The Absent Body of Labour Power: Uno Kōzō’s Logic of Capital
Authors: Walker Gavin 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe debate around labour power, and particularly regarding its status as the ‘most peculiar’ of commodities, has been widely revisited in contemporary Marxist thought and critical theory. This concept, which has often resurfaced in works by Negri, Spivak, Virno and numerous other contemporary thinkers, has a long prehistory in the work of Marx and subsequent Marxist theorists, perhaps most importantly in the work of Uno Kōzō, arguably the most influential and widely known Marxist thinker in modern Japan. Uno’s work, and particularly his major theoretical works of the 1950s, developed an entirelogicalanalysis of the peculiar position of the labour-power commodity within capital’s drive, noting that this site marks the place wherein capital’slogical interiorand itshistorical exteriorinterpenetrate each other, generating a volatile force of excess at the core of capital’s supposedly smooth and pure circuit-process. By developing around this point an extensive theoretical discussion of its dynamics ofimpossibilityorirrationality, centred on a term –muri– that he raises to the level of a concept, Uno formulates a series of original theses in methodology, on the concept of population, and particularly around the figures of thelogicaland thehistoricalin the critical analysis of capitalism. Focusing in particular on this ‘impossibility’ ormurithat is nevertheless constantly ‘passing through’ the capital-relation, this essay investigates the entire range of Uno’s analysis, revealing not only a crucial thread of theoretical inquiry that remains contemporary for us today, but also another set of possibilities linking the critique of political economy to the renewal of revolutionary politics.
Paysans et seigneurs en Europe: une histoire comparée, XVIe–XIXe siècle, Guy Lemarchand, Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2011
Authors: Heller Henry 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn this panoramic survey Guy Lemarchand undertakes to outline the history of the feudal system which persisted across the European continent from the sixteenth until the second half of the nineteenth century. In the crisis of the seventeenth century, seigneurial reaction backed by the absolutist state enabled this feudal mode to reconsolidate and extend itself eastward. The eighteenth century represented the system’s apogee based on high food prices, increased rents and state support. Feudalism’s dissolution beginning with the French Revolution and continuing until the emancipation of the Russian serfs came about as a result of revolution from below and from above under the increasing influence of capitalism and liberalism. Offering an enormous comparative perspective on this long-lived mode of production, Lemarchand’s work fails to articulate theoretically the relationship between this enduring mode and the concurrent rise of capitalism.
Evaluation of the activated clotting time and activated partial thromboplastin time for the monitoring of heparin in adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients
Authors: Atallah S , Liebl M , Fitousis K , Bostan F , Masud F 
Published: February 2014

Introduction: Historically, the activated clotting time (ACT) has been the preferred monitoring test of the heparin effect in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) patients. However, few adult studies have evaluated its correlation to the heparin dose or other monitoring tests, such as the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). This retrospective study sought to evaluate the correlation between the heparin dose and these monitoring tests. Methods: Patients administered a heparin drip during ECMO were included in this study. The primary endpoints were the correlation between heparin dose and ACT or aPTT and the relationship between paired ACT and aPTT samples. Results: Forty-six patients met the criteria for study inclusion. A better correlation was observed for heparin dose and aPTT (Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient ( r) = 0.43 – 0.54) versus ACT ( r = 0.11 – 0.14). Among the paired sample data, ACT values did not differ significantly between Groups two (aPTT 60 – 75 seconds) and three (aPTT >75 seconds). Conclusion: The heparin dose correlated better with aPTT relative to ACT and, thus, may be considered a more effective tool for the dosing of heparin in adult ECMO patients. Paired ACT and aPTT sample data suggested a poor relationship between these two anticoagulant monitoring tests.
Relationship of the Functional Movement Screen In-Line Lunge to Power, Speed, and Balance Measures
Authors: Hartigan Erin H. , Lawrence Michael , Bisson Brian M. , Torgerson Erik , Knight Ryan C. 
Published: February 2014

Background: The in-line lunge of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) evaluates lateral stability, balance, and movement asymmetries. Athletes who score poorly on the in-line lunge should avoid activities requiring power or speed until scores are improved, yet relationships between the in-line lunge scores and other measures of balance, power, and speed are unknown. Hypothesis: (1) Lunge scores will correlate with center of pressure (COP), maximum jump height (MJH), and 36.6-meter sprint time and (2) there will be no differences between limbs on lunge scores, MJH, or COP. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Thirty-seven healthy, active participants completed the first 3 tasks of the FMS (eg, deep squat, hurdle step, in-line lunge), unilateral drop jumps, and 36.6-meter sprints. A 3-dimensional motion analysis system captured MJH. Force platforms measured COP excursion. A laser timing system measured 36.6-m sprint time. Statistical analyses were used to determine whether a relationship existed between lunge scores and COP, MJH, and 36.6-m speed (Spearman rho tests) and whether differences existed between limbs in lunge scores (Wilcoxon signed-rank test), MJH, and COP (paired t tests). Results: Lunge scores were not significantly correlated with COP, MJH, or 36.6-m sprint time. Lunge scores, COP excursion, and MJH were not statistically different between limbs. Conclusion: Performance on the FMS in-line lunge was not related to balance, power, or speed. Healthy participants were symmetrical in lunging measures and MJH. Clinical Relevance: Scores on the FMS in-line lunge should not be attributed to power, speed, or balance performance without further examination. However, assessing limb symmetry appears to be clinically relevant.
Prevalence of Abnormal Vitamin D Levels Among Division I NCAA Athletes
Authors: Villacis Diego , Yi Anthony , Jahn Ryan , Kephart Curtis J. , Charlton Timothy , Gamradt Seth C. , Romano Russ , Tibone James E. , Hatch George F. Rick 
Published: February 2014

Background: Up to 1 billion people have insufficient or deficient vitamin D levels. Despite the well-documented, widespread prevalence of low vitamin D levels and the importance of vitamin D for athletes, there is a paucity of research investigating the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in athletes. Hypothesis: We investigated the prevalence of abnormal vitamin D levels in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I college athletes at a single institution. We hypothesized that vitamin D insufficiency is prevalent among our cohort. Study Design: Cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Methods: We measured serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels of 223 NCAA Division I athletes between June 2012 and August 2012. The prevalence of normal (≥32 ng/mL), insufficient (20 to <32 ng/mL), and deficient (<20 ng/mL) vitamin D levels was determined. Logistic regression was utilized to analyze risk factors for abnormal vitamin D levels. Results: The mean serum 25(OH)D level for the 223 members of this study was 40.1 ± 14.9 ng/mL. Overall, 148 (66.4%) participants had sufficient 25(OH)D levels, and 75 (33.6%) had abnormal levels. Univariate analysis revealed the following significant predictors of abnormal vitamin D levels: male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.83; P = 0.0006), Hispanic race (OR = 6.07; P = 0.0063), black race (OR = 19.1; P < 0.0001), and dark skin tone (OR = 15.2; P < 0.0001). Only dark skin tone remained a significant predictor of abnormal vitamin D levels after multivariate analysis (adjusted OR = 15.2; P < 0.0001). Conclusion: In a large cohort of NCAA athletes, more than one third had abnormal vitamin D levels. Races with dark skin tones are at much higher risk than white athletes. Male athletes are more likely than female athletes to be vitamin D deficient. Our study demonstrates a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among healthy NCAA athletes. Clinical Relevance: Many studies indicate a significant prevalence of vitamin-D insufficiency across various populations. Recent studies have demonstrated a direct relationship between serum 25(OH)D levels and muscle power, force, velocity, and optimal bone mass. In fact, studies examining muscle biopsies from patients with low vitamin D levels have demonstrated atrophic changes in type II muscle fibers, which are crucial to most athletes. Furthermore, insufficient 25(OH)D levels can result in secondary hyperparathyroidism, increased bone turnover, bone loss, and increased risk of low trauma fractures and muscle injuries. Despite this well-documented relationship between vitamin D and athletic performance, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in NCAA athletes has not been well studied.