bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emulsion flow through a packed bed with multiple drop breakup
Authors: Zinchenko Alexander Z. , Davis Robert H. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPressure-driven squeezing of a concentrated emulsion of deformable drops through a randomly packed granular material is studied by rigorous three-dimensional multidrop–multiparticle simulations at low Reynolds numbers. The drops are comparable in size with granular particles, so the drop phase and the carrier fluid have different permeabilities, and the emulsion cannot be treated as single phase. Squeezing requires significant drop deformation and can meet much resistance, depending on the capillary number $\boldsymbol{Ca}$. The granular material is modelled as a random loose packing (RLP) of many highly-frictional rigid monodisperse spheres in a periodic cell in mechanical equilibrium. Flow simulations for many drops squeezing through the network of solid spheres are performed by an extension of the multipole-accelerated boundary-integral (BI) algorithm of Zinchenko & Davis (J. Comput. Phys., vol. 227, 2008, pp. 7841–7888). A major improvement is robust mesh control on drop surfaces combined with a novel fragmentation algorithm, now allowing for long-time simulations with intricate drop shapes and multiple breakups. A major challenge is that up to $O(1{0}^{5} )$ time steps are required in a simulation for time averaging, and $O(1{0}^{4} )$ boundary elements per surface to sufficiently resolve lubrication and breakups. Such simulations are feasible due to multipole acceleration, with two orders-of-magnitude gain over the standard BI coding. For initial drop-to-particle size ratio 0.51–0.52, emulsion concentration 41–42 % in the available space, and matching viscosities, time- and ensemble-averaged permeabilities of the drop phase and the continuous phase are studied versus $\boldsymbol{Ca}$ for systems of different size (up to 36 particles and 100 drops in a periodic cell). An avalanche of drop breakups observed at sufficiently large $\boldsymbol{Ca}$ does not preclude the permeabilities from reaching a statistical steady state in a feasible simulation time. The critical, system-size-independent $\boldsymbol{Ca}$, when the drop-phase flow effectively stops due to blockage in the pores by capillary forces, is estimated from simulations. For a sample RLP configuration, deep distinctions are found between the flow of concentrated emulsions and single-drop motion.
The dynamics of a non-dilute vesicle suspension in a simple shear flow
Authors: Zhao Hong , Shaqfeh Eric S. G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe simulate multivesicle suspensions undergoing simple shear deformation by using the Stokes-flow boundary-integral equation method to quantify the effect of vesicle–vesicle interactions on the microstructure and rheology of the suspension. The binary collisions between vesicles are found to cause a vesicle’s instantaneous inclination angle to deviate considerably from its stationary tank-treading angle. The strength of the binary interaction becomes significant when the distance between centroids is less than three vesicle radii, which is consistent with observations from experiments. Vesicle interactions in the suspension delay the transition from tank-treading (TT) to trembling (TR)/tumbling (TU), which can be explained by the augmentation of the inclination angles in a binary collision when the viscosity ratio $\lambda $ is close to its critical value. Accordingly, in a non-dilute suspension the global minimum of the particle shear viscosity occurs at higher values of $\lambda $ due to the close correlation between the vesicle’s orientation and particle shear stress. In the high-$\lambda $ regime, collisions in a suspension disrupt the TU cycles of individual vesicles, resulting in intermittent TU/TR motions. In addition, an entangled state is observed to occur for an interacting vesicle pair in the TR/TU regime, where the centroids are aligned approximately parallel to the vorticity direction and rotates about it. The persistence of this close-range interaction results in two distinct peaks in the pair distribution of vesicles. However, their existence is limited to suspensions at low volume fraction, as they are otherwise disrupted by the three-body interactions that occur more frequently in a dense suspension.
WEAK CONTINUITY OF THE COMPLEX -HESSIAN OPERATORS WITH RESPECT TO LOCAL UNIFORM CONVERGENCE
Authors: TRUDINGER NEIL S. , ZHANG WEI 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we study the properties of $k$-plurisubharmonic functions defined on domains in ${ \mathbb{C} }^{n} $. By the monotonicity formula, we give an alternative proof of the weak continuity of complex $k$-Hessian operators with respect to local uniform convergence.
Up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) and autophagy-related genes by repeated treatments with resveratrol in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Takizawa Yoshie , Kosuge Yukiko , Awaji Hiroyo , Tamura Emi , Takai Ayako , Yanai Takaaki , Yamamoto Reiko , Kokame Koichi , Miyata Toshiyuki , Nakata Rieko , Inoue Hiroyasu 
Published: June 2013

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin found in red wine and various plants, has been reported to up-regulate the expression of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). However, this effect was neither long term in nature nor physiologically relevant at the concentration of resveratrol studied. In the present study, we investigated the effects of repeated treatments with a lower concentration of resveratrol on the expression of genes in HUVEC. The expression levels of eNOS and silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) were up-regulated in HUVEC by repeated treatments with 1 μm-resveratrol for 6 d, but not with fenofibrate. Moreover, resveratrol treatment increased the expression of autophagy-regulated genes such as γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor-associated protein (GABARAP), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) and autophagy-related protein 3 (ATG3), the radical scavenger activity-related metallothionein-1X (MT1X) gene and the anti-inflammatory activity-related annexin A2 (ANXA) gene. In addition, resveratrol treatment down-regulated the expression of the cell-cycle checkpoint control RAD9 homologue B (RAD9B) gene. These results indicate the beneficial effects of resveratrol on the cardiovascular system.
U–Pb geochronology of Cretaceous magmatism on Svalbard and Franz Josef Land, Barents Sea Large Igneous Province
Authors: CORFU FERNANDO , POLTEAU STÉPHANE , PLANKE SVERRE , FALEIDE JAN INGE , SVENSEN HENRIK , ZAYONCHECK ANDREW , STOLBOV NIKOLAY 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe opening of the Arctic oceanic basins in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic proceeded in steps, with episodes of magmatism and sedimentation marking specific stages in this development. In addition to the stratigraphic record provided by sediments and fossils, the intrusive and extrusive rocks yield important information on this evolution. This study has determined the ages of mafic sills and a felsic tuff in Svalbard and Franz Josef Land using the isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) U–Pb method on zircon, baddeleyite, titanite and rutile. The results indicate crystallization of the Diabasodden sill at 124.5 ± 0.2 Ma and the Linnévatn sill at 124.7 ± 0.3 Ma, the latter also containing slightly younger secondary titanite with an age of 123.9 ± 0.3 Ma. A bentonite in the Helvetiafjellet Formation, also on Svalbard, has an age of 123.3 ± 0.2 Ma. Zircon in mafic sills intersected by drill cores in Franz Josef Land indicate an age of 122.7 Ma for a thick sill on Severnaya Island and a single grain age of ≥122.2 ± 1.1 Ma for a thinner sill on Nagurskaya Island. These data emphasize the importance and relatively short-lived nature of the Cretaceous magmatic event in the region.
The use of soy protein polymers as a release device for nematophagous fungi in the control of parasitic nematodes in ruminants
Authors: Sagüés M.F. , Purslow P. , Fernández A.S. , Iglesias L.E. , Fusé L.A. , Saumell C.A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis trial was conducted to evaluate the predatory activity of Duddingtonia flagrans incorporated into soy protein-based polymers as a controlled-release device (CRD). The rate of fungal release from the polymers and time of residence of the CRD in the rumen of a cannulated sheep was also determined. After administration to the sheep, the CRD was extracted at weekly intervals over a month for observation of its physical structure and faeces were collected to observe the subsequent predatory activity of the fungus in Petri dishes with water-agar 2% and Panagrellus spp. as bait. The CRD slowly degraded in the rumen over 4 weeks and liberated D. flagrans into the faeces. The formulation of the soy protein-based polymers did not affect the predatory activity of the fungus. The study demonstrates that biodegradable soy protein polymers could potentially improve the use of nematophagous fungi for controlling nematode parasites of ruminants.
Habitat-specific seed dormancy-release mechanisms in four legume species
Authors: van Klinken Rieks D. , Goulier Jean-Baptiste 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPhysical seed dormancy is a common attribute among plants, and a wide range of dormancy-release mechanisms have been described, but their ecological significance is rarely tested through comparative study. This study tests whether dormancy-release responses to wet heat in four legume species with physical dormancy are correlated with habitat: two wetland species (Mimosa pigraandParkinsonia aculeata, both dispersed primarily by water) and two terrestrial species (Acacia niloticaandProsopis pallida, both dispersed primarily through vertebrate herbivores). Dormancy release was compared at three moisture levels (80% relative humidity, saturated and submerged) at constant (20–45°C) and diurnally fluctuating (20/40°C) temperatures for 14 d. Seed viability was tested by germinating at 25°C. The functional relationship between temperature and dormancy release after 14 d differed between species: submerged seeds of the two wetland species showed a quadratic response, with low rates of imbibition below 20–25°C and complete imbibition at around 40°C;P. pallidaseeds showed a linear positive relationship, whereas there was no temperature response forA. niloticaseeds below 45°C. Surprisingly, dormancy release after 14 d was relatively insensitive to moisture levels, although rate of dormancy release was generally slower under drier conditions. Dormancy release was not influenced by fluctuating temperatures. Seed viability was largely unaffected by temperature or moisture regime, although it did differ with species and was lower for non-dormant seeds. Our results suggest that a functional dormancy-release response to wet heat provides important fitness benefits for wetland species, but not for species dispersed through vertebrate herbivores, for which it may be maladaptive.
Review Article Socio-economic determinants of micronutrient intake and status in Europe: a systematic review
Authors: Novaković Romana , Cavelaars Adriënne , Geelen Anouk , Nikolić Marina , Altaba Iris Iglesia , Viñas Blanca Roman , Ngo Joy , Golsorkhi Mana , Medina Marisol Warthon , Brzozowska Anna , Szczecinska Anna , de Cock Diederik , Vansant Greet , Renkema Marianne , Majem Lluís Serra , Moreno Luis Aznar , Glibetić Maria , Gurinović Mirjana , van't Veer Pieter , de Groot Lisette CPGM 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo provide the evidence base for targeted nutrition policies to reduce the risk of micronutrient/diet-related diseases among disadvantaged populations in Europe, by focusing on: folate, vitamin B12, Fe, Zn and iodine for intake and status; and vitamin C, vitamin D, Ca, Se and Cu for intake.DesignMEDLINE and Embase databases were searched to collect original studies that: (i) were published from 1990 to 2011; (ii) involved >100 subjects; (iii) had assessed dietary intake at the individual level; and/or (iv) included best practice biomarkers reflecting micronutrient status. We estimated relative differences in mean micronutrient intake and/or status between the lowest and highest socio-economic groups to: (i) evaluate variation in intake and status between socio-economic groups; and (ii) report on data availability.SettingEurope.SubjectsChildren, adults and elderly.ResultsData from eighteen publications originating primarily from Western Europe showed that there is a positive association between indicators of socio-economic status and micronutrient intake and/or status. The largest differences were observed for intake of vitamin C in eleven out of twelve studies (5–47 %) and for vitamin D in total of four studies (4–31 %).ConclusionsThe positive association observed between micronutrient intake and socio-economic status should complement existing evidence on socio-economic inequalities in diet-related diseases among disadvantaged populations in Europe. These findings could provide clues for further research and have implications for public health policy aimed at improving the intake of micronutrients and diet-related diseases.
NONLINEAR WAVE EQUATIONS AND REACTION–DIFFUSION EQUATIONS WITH SEVERAL NONLINEAR SOURCE TERMS OF DIFFERENT SIGNS AT HIGH ENERGY LEVEL
Authors: XU RUNZHANG , YANG YANBING , CHEN SHAOHUA , SU JIA , SHEN JIHONG , HUANG SHAOBIN 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the initial boundary value problem of a class of nonlinear wave equations and reaction–diffusion equations with several nonlinear source terms of different signs. For the initial boundary value problem of the nonlinear wave equations, we derive a blow up result for certain initial data with arbitrary positive initial energy. For the initial boundary value problem of the nonlinear reaction–diffusion equations, we discuss some probabilities of the existence and nonexistence of global solutions and give some sufficient conditions for the global and nonglobal existence of solutions at high initial energy level by employing the comparison principle and variational methods.
The experiences, coping mechanisms, and impact of death and dying on palliative medicine specialists
Authors: Zambrano Sofia C. , Chur-Hansen Anna , Crawford Gregory B. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectives:Research on the experiences, coping mechanisms, and impact of death and dying on the lives of palliative medicine specialists is limited. Most research focuses on the multidisciplinary team or on nurses who work with the dying. Fewer studies consider medical professionals trained in palliative medicine. This study aimed to explore the experiences, coping mechanisms, and impact of death and dying on palliative medicine specialists when dealing with their patients at the end of life.Methods:A qualitative research approach guided the study, one-on-one interview data were analyzed thematically. A purposeful sampling technique was employed for participant recruitment. Seven palliative medicine specialists practicing in one city participated in open-ended, in-depth interviews.Results:The analysis of participants' accounts identified three distinct themes. These wereBeing with the dying,Being affected by death,and dyingandAdjusting to the impact of death and dying.Significance of results:This study further contributes to the understanding of the impact of death and dying on professionals who care for dying patients and their families. Despite the stressors and the potential for burnout and compassion fatigue, these participants employed strategies that enhanced meaning-making and emphasized the rewards of their work. However, the consequences of work stressors cannot be underestimated in the practice of palliative care.
Elektronischer Mutter(Eltern)-Kind Pass – Möglichkeiten, Zielsetzungen und internationale Erfahrungen
Authors: Piso B. , Mathis-Edenhofer S. , Schramm F. , Wild C. 
Published: June 2013

ZusammenfassungVor dem Hintergrund einer Neugestaltung des Eltern-Kind-Vorsorgeprogramms in Österreich, welche auch eine elektronische statt papierbasierte Umsetzung beinhalten könnte, soll ein Überblick internationaler Pilotierungen elektronischer Eltern-Kind-Vorsorge Initiativen (eEKVI) gegeben, und für die Umsetzung relevanten Grenzen, Möglichkeiten und Zielsetzungen dieser Projekte aufgezeigt werden.Datenbankrecherche sowie Handsuche nach internationalen (Pilot-) Projekten.Von 30 ausgewählten eEKVI können 9 als elektronische Eltern- bzw. Kinder-Gesundheitsakten angesehen werden, welche entweder im Kontext einer umfassenden elektronischen Gesundheitsakte, als elektronische Umsetzung eines papierbasierten Dokuments oder als an eine Einrichtung gebundene IT-Lösung realisiert wurden. eEKVI sind bislang international noch kaum flächendeckend implementiert, einige wenige bedienen neben klassischen Kern-Zielen (Abwicklung und Administration der Versorgung usw.) auch planerische Zielsetzungen und ermöglichen dadurch ein systemisches Lernen aufgrund von Feedback und Evaluationszyklen.Basierend auf Erfahrungen internationaler eEKVI sollten Kernaspekte einer erfolgreichen Planung und Umsetzung, wie beispielsweise die Definition von erwarteten Nutzen-Zielen und deren Monitoring oder die Bildung eines für Planung und Konzeption verantwortlichen Teams unter früher Einbeziehung von Endnutzern und Akteuren, berücksichtigt werden, um vermeidbare Fehler zu minimieren. Eine konsequente Technikfolgenabschätzung – auch von IT-basierten Interventionen im Gesundheitswesen – ist jedenfalls zu fordern, um ein reflektiertes Vorgehen zu ermöglichen.
Candidate phylum TM6 genome recovered from a hospital sink biofilm provides genomic insights into this uncultivated phylum
Authors: McLean Jeffrey S. , Lombardo Mary-Jane , Badger Jonathan H. , Edlund Anna , Novotny Mark , Yee-Greenbaum Joyclyn , Vyahhi Nikolay , Hall Adam P. , Yang Youngik , Dupont Christopher L. , Ziegler Michael G. , Chitsaz Hamidreza , Allen Andrew E. , Yooseph Shibu , Tesler Glenn , Pevzner Pavel A. , Friedman Robert M. , Nealson Kenneth H. , Venter J. Craig , Lasken Roger S. 
Published: June 2013

Significance
This research highlights the discovery and genome reconstruction of a member of the globally distributed yet uncultivated candidate phylum TM6 (designated TM6SC1). In addition to the 16S rRNA gene, no other genomic information is available for this cosmopolitan phylum. This report also introduces a mini-metagenomic approach based on the use of high-throughput single-cell genomics techniques and assembly tools that address a widely recognized issue: how to effectively capture and sequence the currently uncultivated bacterial species that make up the “dark matter of life.” Amplification and sequencing random pools of 100 events enabled an estimated 90% recovery of the TM6SC1 genome.
Quantifying the topography of the intrinsic energy landscape of flexible biomolecular recognition
Authors: Chu Xiakun , Gan Linfeng , Wang Erkang , Wang Jin 
Published: June 2013

Significance
Biomolecular binding, which controls the realization of biomolecular function, is ubiquitous and fundamental to many cellular processes. We quantified the intrinsic energy landscapes of flexible biomolecular recognition—i.e., the binding–folding. Our findings reveal that the energy landscape topography determines the thermodynamics, kinetics, and the association mechanism of the binding–folding dynamics. These three aspects are closely related to feasibility, efficiency, and the ways of realizing biomolecular function, respectively. Our results provide a unique way to address the long-standing debate of the “structure–dynamics–function” relationship using landscape topography and establish the connections between recognition landscape theory and experimental measurements.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Acquisition of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the Setting of Endemicity
Authors: Swaminathan Mahesh , Sharma Saarika , Blash Stephanie Poliansky , Patel Gopi , Banach David B. , Phillips Michael , LaBombardi Vincent , Anderson Karen F. , Kitchel Brandon , Srinivasan Arjun , Calfee David P. 
Published: June 2013

Objective.To describe the epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) carriage and acquisition among hospitalized patients in an area of CRE endemicity.Design.Cohort study with a nested case-control study.Setting.Two acute care, academic hospitals in New York City.Participants.All patients admitted to 7 study units, including intensive care, medical-surgical, and acute rehabilitation units.Method.Perianal samples were collected from patients at admission and weekly thereafter to detect asymptomatic gastrointestinal carriage of CRE. A nested case-control study was performed to identify factors associated with CRE acquisition. Case patients were those who acquired CRE during a single hospitalization. Control subjects had no microbiologic evidence of CRE and at least 1 negative surveillance sample. Clinical data were abstracted from the medical record.Results.The prevalence of CRE in the study population was 5.4% (306 of 5,676 patients), and 104 patients met the case definition of acquisition during a single hospital stay. Mechanical ventilation (odds ratio [OR], 11.5), pulmonary disease (OR, 5.2), days of antibiotic therapy (OR, 1.04), and CRE colonization pressure (OR, 1.15) were independently associated with CRE acquisition. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis identified 87% of tested Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates as sharing related patterns (greater than 78% similarity), which suggests clonal transmission within and between the study hospitals.Conclusions.Critical illness and underlying medical conditions, CRE colonization pressure, and antimicrobial exposure are important risk factors for CRE acquisition. Adherence to infection control practices and antimicrobial stewardship appear to be critical components of a CRE control program.
A label for peer‐reviewed books? Some critical reflections
Authors: BORGHART Pieter 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTThe recently established quality label for peer‐reviewed publications in Flanders has lately aroused some interest in the international literature on scholarly communication. Although the so‐called GPRC‐label is in principle a welcome initiative, its implementation, from 2010 onwards, has already engendered several unexpected side‐effects. This article discusses these pitfalls and traces their origin in the Flemish performance‐based research funding system. It also points to a number of hard‐to‐solve practical problems if the quality label were to be implemented in an international context. In this way, it aims to temper the enthusiasm with which the label has been welcomed, both in Flanders and internationally.
‘Héloïse’: towards a co‐ordinated ecosystem approach for the archiving of scientific publications?
Authors: DILLAERTS Hans , CHARTRON Ghislaine 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTWith the continued development of open access policies, it is important to promote consensus‐building projects with the various stakeholders. This article gives an account of how such collaboration has facilitated the construction of the project Héloïse. This project is a French information service dedicated to describing the policies of French publishers on the self‐archiving of scientific publications. Héloïse represents a real tool of mediation whose development involved much debate between publishers and research stakeholders. This article seeks to demonstrate that the development of trust between the actors involved in the project was a major component of its success.