bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of İscehisar Andesite (Afyonkarahisar-Turkey), Used as a Building Stone Source of Historical Heritages from Ancient Times to the Present
Authors: Çelik Mustafa Yavuz 
Published: June 2024

AbstractMost historical structures that have survived to the present day are constructed from natural stones. One such natural stone is andesite. This study conducted a series of characterization studies on andesites used as building stones in Afyonkarahisar (Turkey). The building stones in question were determined by the petrographic-mineralogical (polarizing microscope, XRD, SEM), chemical, pore diameter distribution, and physico-mechanical properties. Although the İscehisar andesite is not as well-known as the İscehisar marble, it is a volcanic rock widely used in cultural heritage sites such as mosques, fountains, and bridges that have survived from the Seljuk and Ottoman periods to the present day in Afyonkarahisar. Despite the presence of pink, brown, and gray-black colors in the İscehisar andesite, it is evident that the preference in historical buildings is mainly for gray-black variants. Andesite, marble, and limestone, such as İscehisar Bridge from the Hellenistic period, Kırkgöz Bridge from the Byzantine era, Altıgöz Bridge from the Seljuk period, and Kanlı Göl Bridge from the Ottoman period, were used together in various combinations. Mosques are another group of structures in which andesite and other volcanic rocks are heavily used, such as bridges. While tuff is commonly used in examples of Seljuk and Ottoman architecture that have survived to the present day, andesite and other volcanic rocks along with bricks have also been used to construct dozens of mosques. Andesites found in the İscehisar region continue to be widely extracted, cut, and shaped using different surface processing techniques and are used today.
FUT11 expression in gastric cancer: its prognostic significance and role in immune regulation
Authors: Huang Yanqing , Yang Xiaoying , Wei Mengda , Yang Xi , Yuan Zhenmin , Huang Junjie , Wei Junren , Tian Lei 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Gastric cancer (GC) is a malignant digestive tract tumor with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. Fucosylation is important in tumor glycosylation, in which the key enzyme is fucosyltransferase (FUT). FUT11 is a member of the fucosyltransferase family and has been closely associated with the development of multiple cancers. However, the specific relationship between FUT11 and GC prognosis and its molecular mechanism has not been fully studied. This study explored FUT11 expression, clinical correlation, and its role in GC occurrence and development to deepen understanding of its function.

Methods
FUT11 expression in 33 cancers was preliminarily analyzed using the Tumor Immunoassay Resource (TIMER2.0) database. FUT11 expression in GC was evaluated using The Cancer Genome Atlas stomach adenocarcinoma (TCGA-STAD) and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA2) data and verified using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) GSE65801 dataset. Furthermore, we studied the survival prognosis of FUT11 in GC and analyzed its effect on the survival rate of patients with GC using the KM-plotter. We also performed COX regression analysis on TCGA GC clinical data and analyzed FUT11 expression in the pathway using the STRING and LinkedOmics databases. Moreover, the relationship between FUT11 and GC immune infiltration level was examined, and the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis diagram was constructed. The FUT11 genetic variation information was retrieved using cBioPortal, and its drug sensitivity was analyzed using CellMiner. Finally, differential FUT11 expression in GC tissues was verified using immunohistochemistry.

Results
The data mining and analysis demonstrated that FUT11 expression was abnormally elevated in GC tissues and correlated with poor patient prognosis. The FUT11 expression level was an independent prognostic factor for GC. The difference in FUT11 expression level resulted in different degrees of immune cell infiltration in the patients with GC, which might regulate the tumor microenvironment. FUT11 affected GC development by participating in cancer pathways such as PI3K–AKT, neuroactive ligand–receptor, and MAPK. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that FUT11 was highly expressed in GC.

Conclusions
This study revealed that FUT11 expression is significantly increased in GC tissues. This increase is associated with poor prognosis and might affect immune regulation. FUT11 might have immunological and targeted therapeutic value, providing a new approach to GC treatment.
On Integral Representations Involving the Probability Generating Function for Inverse Moments of Positive Discrete Random Variables
Authors: Jones M. C. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractI simplify and note extensions of results of Shibu et al. Sankhy$$\overline{a}$$

a
¯

, Ser. A85 (2023a,b) concerning integral representations involving the probability generating function for inverse moments of positive discrete random variables, both univariate and multivariate.
Impact of airtaxi operations in the control zone on air traffic controllers
Authors: Schier-Morgenthal S. , Metz I. C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUrban air mobility is one approach to reduce congested road traffic and door-to-door travel times. Introducing these vehicles into the urban areas challenges air traffic control once the designated corridors interfere with the control zone of an airport. In this paper, it is evaluated how the performance of air traffic controllers is affected by airtaxi operations in the control zone given the example of Hamburg airport. Moreover, it is assessed whether an enhanced airside situation display showing routes and labels is able to counteract adverse impacts on workload and situation awareness. As a method, eight controllers participated in three simulation runs: first with conventional air traffic, second with additional airtaxis, and third with airtaxis, and the enhanced airside situation display. It revealed that workload increases by more than 40% without reaching overload states in the simulation. The enhanced airside situation display is able to reduce some, but not all adverse impacts. Based on the results, further ways to handle UAM vehicles in the control zone are suggested.
The Limits of Calibration and the Possibility of Roles for Trustworthy AI
Authors: Franke Ulrik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWith increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in high-stakes contexts, a race for “trustworthy AI” is under way. However, Dorsch and Deroy (Philosophy & Technology 37, 62, 2024) recently argued that regardless of its feasibility, morally trustworthy AI is unnecessary: We should merely rely on rather than trust AI, and carefully calibrate our reliance using the reliability scores which are often available. This short commentary on Dorsch and Deroy engages with the claim that morally trustworthy AI is unnecessary and argues that since there are important limits to how good calibration based on reliability scores can be, some residual roles for trustworthy AI (if feasible) are still possible.
Sex and caste effects on the vibrational sensitivity in honey bees (Apis mellifera)
Authors: Chehaimi Sarah , Kirchner Wolfgang H. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn the darkness of their nests, most social insect species communicate relying on chemical, tactile, electrical and mechanical signals. In honeybees, vibrational signals play a role not only in worker communication but also in communication among virgin queens in the process of swarming. Whereas the sensitivity to vibrations has been well studied in worker bees, vibrational sensitivity of queens and drones has never been investigated. We therefore studied the sensitivity to vibrations comparatively in workers, virgin and laying queens and in drones, focusing on the frequency range mainly used by virgin queens (350–500 Hz). Bees were tested behaviorally for responses to pulses of substrate borne vibrations in arenas placed on vibrational exciters. Vibrational amplitudes were measured using (LDV-calibrated) accelerometers. Real stimuli and sham stimuli were presented in a pseudorandom order. The threshold was defined as the lowest tested amplitude at which significantly more behavioral reactions were shown to real stimuli than to sham stimuli. Workers and virgin queens respond to amplitudes down to 0.25 m/s2. The thresholds of laying queens are substantially higher and they respond to minimum amplitudes of 0.55 m/s2. Drones show responses to amplitudes down to 0.6 m/s2. We conclude that sex and caste have effects on vibrational sensitivity in honeybees: virgin queens are significantly more sensitive than laying queens, indicating that a high sensitivity is crucial for survival during the process of swarming; workers are likewise highly sensitive to execute efficient everyday work; drones are significantly the least sensitive.
Optimizing open-pit coal mining operations: Leveraging meteorological conditions for dust removal and diffusion
Authors: Wang Zhiming , Zhou Wei , Jiskani Izhar Mithal , Yan Junlong , Luo Huaiting 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDust pollution from Chinese open-pit coal mines (OPCMs) threatens the coexistence of resource development and environmental protection. This research introduces a new approach to designing OPCMs based on meteorological indicators for dust removal and diffusion. It analyzes the production, distribution, and dust emission features of large-scale OPCMs in China. The factors affecting dust dispersion and atmospheric pollution characteristics were also examined. The findings reveal a surge in the number and output of OPCMs, intensifying the conflict between resource development and environmental protection. Notably, over 80% of OPCMs are in arid and semi-arid regions, exacerbating the challenge. Microclimate effects, including circulation and inversion effects, further amplify dust pollution. Regional and seasonal dust pollution patterns were identified, with the southern region experiencing the highest pollution levels, followed by the northern and central regions. Seasonally, dust pollution exhibits the following pattern: winter > autumn > spring > summer. An alarming decline in atmospheric self-cleaning capacity over the past two decades underscores the pressing challenges ahead for dust control. The increase in air stagnation days/events highlights the urgency for effective dust prevention and control measures. This research suggests considering meteorological elements in OPCM design for dust control. Optimizing mining operations based on weather forecasts enables the utilization of natural conditions for effective dust prevention and control. The results provide insights for dust prevention and control in open-pit mines to foster green and climate-smart mining.
Rim-Perfect Compactifications of Frames and Zero-Dimensionally Embedded Remainders
Authors: Mthethwa Simo , Nogwebela Gugulethu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe introduce zero-dimensionally embedded (ZDE) sublocales as those sublocales S with the property that the ambient frame has a basis, elements of which induce open sublocales whose frontiers miss S. This notion is stronger than the traditional zero-dimensionality of a sublocale. A compactification of a frame is perfect if its associated right adjoint preserves disjoint binary joins. Herein, the class of rim-perfect compactifications of frames is introduced, and we show that it contains all the perfect ones. Indeed, not every rim-perfect compactification is perfect, but compactifications with a ZDE remainder do not distinguish between rim-perfectness and perfectness. The Freudenthal compactification has a ZDE remainder. We show that a frame L is rim-compact if and only if L has a compactification with a ZDE remainder. Several results concerning perfect compactifications and ZDE remainders are provided.
Biocompatible Sugar Beet Molasses Carbon Dots as Potential Elicitor to Improve Bioactive Compounds of Wheatgrass Juice
Authors: Kara Meryem , Dinç Saliha , Altunbaş Osman , Karaşahin Muhammet , Günhan Rabia Serpil 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The enrichment of health-promoting compounds in plants and foods has received significant research attention over the past years, leading researchers to use cutting-edge technologies like elicitation in agriculture and food production systems. Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to function as effective elicitors, enhancing the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Although carbon dots (CDs) are at the forefront due to their favorable characteristics, such as being green, biocompatible, and low toxicity, their functions as elicitors have not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of this study was, therefore, to investigate the potential effect of sugar beet molasses carbon dots (SBM-CDs), characterized by their endogenous food-borne nature as elicitors, on the agronomic and bioactive compounds of wheatgrass juice obtained from hydroponically cultivated wheatgrasses.

Methods
Wheatgrasses were grown with and without SBM-CDs extracted from molasses at 50–200 mg L− 1 concentrations through a nutrient solution in a hydroponic system. After 7 days, wheatgrass juice was obtained by squeezing wheatgrass. The effects of SBM-CDs were investigated by assessing the agronomic parameters and bioactive compounds of wheatgrass juice.

Results
The amount of β-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C, and chlorophyll a increased by 150%, 84%, 25%, and 89%, respectively, with the application of 200 mg L− 1 SBM-CDs (p < 0.01) in comparison with the control group (the application without SBM-CDs). Besides, this application resulted in a 34% increase in the total quantity of tested phenolic compounds.

Conclusions
These data suggest that our biomass-derived renewable CDs may be a novel category of elicitors for enhancing the production of bioactive compounds in wheatgrass.
Multimodal electrospray thruster for small spacecraft: design and experimental characterization
Authors: Mallalieu Peter , Jugroot Manish 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Electrospray thrusters are a promising electric micropropulsion technology which could be used to meet the propulsion needs of nanosatellites, or for fine attitude control of larger spacecraft. Multimodal propulsion is the integration of two or more propulsion modes into a system which utilizes a common propellant. Indeed, spacecraft mission simulations and models have shown that this type of multimode propulsion capacity is exciting because of the flexibility and adaptability it provides mission designers and planners. A single spacecraft would have potential to execute drastically different mission profiles, and the exact mission could even be determined post-launch. The current paper investigates a micro-propulsion system which combines a droplet and ion mode electrospray emitter into a unified multimodal system (using an ionic liquid as the common propellant for both systems). The high relative thrust droplet mode emitter was fabricated from P3 borosilicate glass while the high efficiency ion mode emitter, Carbon Xerogel dense porous substrate, was fabricated in-house. To characterize the multimodal thruster, a full beam and time-of-flight (ToF) experimental setup were developed at the RMC Advanced Propulsion and Plasma Exploration Laboratory (RAPPEL) and experiments were conducted using a custom vacuum chamber. The ion mode emitter, with a beam comprised purely of ions had an onset voltage around 1400 V with an estimated thrust performance of 0.14

$$\mu N$$

μ
N

and specific impulse of 4040 s. For droplet mode, with a mixed beam comprised of around 17

$$\%$$

%

droplets and 83

$$\%$$

%

ions, an onset voltage of 1375 V with an estimated performance of thrust at 14

$$\mu N$$

μ
N

and specific impulse of 140 s were measured. The prototype thruster demonstrates how various electrospray emitters could be combined into a multimodal system to provide flexibility and adaptability in providing effective thrust for small satellites.
A method for visualizing urban road events using distributed acoustic sensing
Authors: Hou Shitong , Li Yaojie , Wu Gang , Wu Dong , Dong Yixuan , Zhang Shuya , Wu Jing 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study presents the construction of an urban underground sensing system using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology, which utilizes the existing optical fiber infrastructure around urban roads for communication. To address the challenges posed by the complexity and variability of DAS data in infrastructure monitoring environments such as urban roads, as well as the difficulty and poor effectiveness of raw data visualization, a novel method for visualizing DAS data is proposed. This method involves preprocessing the data through wavelet threshold denoising, combining it with the root-mean-square (RMS) energy index to generate a visualization, and applying the dynamic threshold method to remove and suppress abnormal data indicators. Finally, this paper tested the visualization performance to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving urban road safety management. The study focused on three typical urban road safety risk events: vehicle driving, construction, and road subsurface cavity incidents. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the data visualization method, showing improved visualization of vehicle trajectory directions and numbers, construction segment behaviors, and approximate road subsurface cavity locations in the time domain compared to the original data.
Selecting Appropriate Model Complexity: An Example of Tracer Inversion for Thermal Prediction in Enhanced Geothermal Systems
Authors: Wu Hui , Jin Zhijun , Jiang Su , Tang Hewei , Morris Joseph P. , Zhang Jinjiang , Zhang Bo 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA major challenge in the inversion of subsurface parameters is the ill‐posedness issue caused by the inherent subsurface complexities and the generally spatially sparse data. Appropriate simplifications of inversion models are thus necessary to make the inversion process tractable and meanwhile preserve the predictive ability of the inversion results. In this study, we investigate the effect of model complexity on fracture aperture inversion and thermal performance prediction in a field‐scale EGS model. Principal component analysis was used to map the aperture field to a low‐dimensional latent space. The complexity of the inversion model was quantitatively represented by the percentage of total variance in the original aperture fields preserved by the latent space. Tracer, pressure and flow rate data were used to invert for fracture aperture through an ensemble‐based inversion method, and the inferred aperture field was used to predict thermal performance. With an over‐simplified aperture model, ensemble collapse occurred. The inverted aperture models failed to resolve necessary flow and transport features, leading to a biased thermal performance prediction. A complex aperture model involved excessive features and was prone to overinterpreting the inversion data. Both the tracer/pressure/flow rate data reproduction and thermal prediction showed significant uncertainties, making it difficult to properly estimate long‐term thermal performance. Fortunately, our results indicate that there exists an appropriate model complexity which can simultaneously match inversion data and predict thermal performance with an acceptable uncertainty. The quality of the fit of tracer data appears to be a useful indicator of such an appropriate model complexity.
In‐Phase PDO and El Niño Events Enhance the Summer CO2 Emissions in Saline Lakes on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau
Authors: Shi Fangzhong , Li Xiaoyan , Zhao Shaojie , Wei Junqi , Zhang Yu , Yang Xiaofan 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSaline lakes contributions to the carbon cycle is crucial to the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau (QTP) carbon budget. Here, based on the 8‐year direct measurement of CO2 flux over the Qinghai Lake (QHL) and 83 collected CO2 flux data estimated by pCO2 sampling from 45 lakes over the QTP, we identified the interannual variations of CO2 flux and its response to the extreme climate events. Results showed: (a) the QHL CO2 absorption weakened in the spring, autumn and winter and turn to CO2 emissions in the summer during 2013–2020; (b) with higher Ts and less precipitation, coupling of positive Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño enhanced the summer CO2 emissions; and (c) the PDO and ENSO had obvious superposition effect on the decrease of CO2 absorption in autumn. Our results show the potential mechanism of lake CO2 flux responses to extreme climate and further defines the significance of the QTP carbon budget and cycling.
Emerging probing perspective of two-dimensional materials physics: terahertz emission spectroscopy
Authors: Wu Yifei , Wang Yuqi , Bao Di , Deng Xiaonan , Zhang Simian , Yu-chun Lin , Ke Shengxian , Liu Jianing , Liu Yingjie , Wang Zeli , Ham Pingren , Hanna Andrew , Pan Jiaming , Hu Xinyue , Li Zhengcao , Zhou Ji , Wang Chen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTerahertz (THz) emission spectroscopy (TES) has emerged as a highly effective and versatile technique for investigating the photoelectric properties of diverse materials and nonlinear physical processes in the past few decades. Concurrently, research on two-dimensional (2D) materials has experienced substantial growth due to their atomically thin structures, exceptional mechanical and optoelectronic properties, and the potential for applications in flexible electronics, sensing, and nanoelectronics. Specifically, these materials offer advantages such as tunable bandgap, high carrier mobility, wideband optical absorption, and relatively short carrier lifetime. By applying TES to investigate the 2D materials, their interfaces and heterostructures, rich information about the interplay among photons, charges, phonons and spins can be unfolded, which provides fundamental understanding for future applications. Thus it is timely to review the nonlinear processes underlying THz emission in 2D materials including optical rectification, photon-drag, high-order harmonic generation and spin-to-charge conversion, showcasing the rich diversity of the TES employed to unravel the complex nature of these materials. Typical applications based on THz emissions, such as THz lasers, ultrafast imaging and biosensors, are also discussed. Step further, we analyzed the unique advantages of spintronic terahertz emitters and the future technological advancements in the development of new THz generation mechanisms leading to advanced THz sources characterized by wide bandwidth, high power and integration, suitable for industrial and commercial applications. The continuous advancement and integration of TES with the study of 2D materials and heterostructures promise to revolutionize research in different areas, including basic materials physics, novel optoelectronic devices, and chips for post-Moore’s era.