bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contaminating the Transcendental: Toward a Phenomenological Naturalism
Authors: Fernandez Anthony Vincent 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe proper relationship between phenomenology and naturalism has reemerged as a pressing issue following interdisciplinary developments in the cognitive sciences. Most solutions opt for a naturalized phenomenology, rather than a phenomenological naturalism. This article takes up the latter approach, confronting the implications of Merleau-Ponty's reformulation of Husserl's paradox of subjectivity. I argue that Merleau-Ponty's formulation—which I term “the paradox of madness”—reveals a deep, ontological contingency in what Husserl took to be necessary transcendental structures of consciousness and world, revealing that these transcendental structures are in fact embedded in and contaminated by the very world they constitute and disclose.
In Defense of the Critical Philosophy: On Schelling's Departure from Kant and Fichte in Abhandlungen zur Erläuterung des Idealismus der Wissenschaftslehre (1796/1797)
Authors: Harry Chelsea C. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
This article considers the second treatise of Schelling's Abhandlungen zur Erläuterung des Idealismus der Wissenschaftslehre (Treatises Explaining the Idealism of the Science of Knowledge, 1796/97), a lesser-known work from the early Schelling. Here, Schelling proposes to defend the critical position insofar as it purports to be a system based on human reason, but instead he issues a backhanded critique of the assumption on behalf of the critical philosophers to try and limit the bounds of pure reason by means of their own use of reason. Schelling then offers an alternative way to think about the relationship of mind (Geist) and matter in nature. This article argues that Schelling's actual explanation of the critical philosophy as a position founded by reasonable minds ultimately belies his promise to defend it, thus calling into question that Schelling's thought prior to 1800 was a mere reiteration of Kantian/Fichtean transcendentalism.
That Which Cannot Be Shared: On the Politics of Shame
Authors: Holmes Amanda 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT
In the wake of a political project spanning three decades that was committted to a rhetoric of gay pride, a few queer theorists turned to the affect of shame to rethink queer politics in the twenty-first century. This article entertains the possibility of a politics of shame but ultimately suggests that a politics of shame presents an interesting paradox: shame, in one of its most important senses, seems to dissipate when it is made public or when it is shared. That is, the negative and isolating qualities that are constitutive of the affect of shame are negated when it is confessed. To confess one's shame is to destroy it. The impossibility of sharing shame renders it difficult to politicize. Drawing from Freud, Lacan, Jacques-Alain Miller, and Sartre, I posit a notion of shame that is constitutive of a kind of political subjectivity, though is not itself a programmatic politics.
Seasonal variations of MLT tides revealed by a meteor radar chain based on Hough mode decomposition
Authors: Yu You , Wan Weixing , Ren Zhipeng , Xiong Bo , Zhang Yun , Hu Lianhuan , Ning Baiqi , Liu Libo 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSeasonal variations of different tides in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere are investigated from wind observations of a meteor radar chain on the basis of Hough mode decomposition. First, the observed winds are decomposed into different (diurnal, semidiurnal, and terdiurnal) tidal components. Different seasonal patterns are revealed for each component. Pronounced semiannual oscillation (SAO) is presented in the diurnal component, while latitude‐dependent seasonal variation is found in the semidiurnal and terdiurnal components. At the low/midlatitude stations, the semiannual/annual oscillation is relatively stronger. Then, Hough mode decomposition is utilized to extract the dominant tidal modes of each decomposed component. It is found that each component is dominated by one of its symmetric tidal modes with strong seasonal dependency. Apparent SAO is observed in the dominant (1, 1) mode; (2, 4) mode is strong in the autumn and winter months (after the September equinox). Based on the extracted results we further map the three‐dimensional distribution (latitude × altitude × season) of each tidal component. The mapped results are finally compared with the corresponding values observed by the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Doppler Interferometer (TIDI) and modeled from the global scale wave model (GSWM). Each mapped tidal component agrees well with corresponding TIDI observation in the seasonal variation. Meanwhile, coincidences are found in the seasonal dependency of the diurnal component between the mapped values and the modeled results from GSWM, while difference between them exists in that of the semidiurnal one.
Centrifugal acceleration at high altitudes above the polar cap: A Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Abudayyeh H. A. , Barghouthi I. A. , Slapak R. , Nilsson H. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA Monte Carlo simulation was used to study the outflow of O+ and H+ ions along three flight trajectories above the polar cap up to altitudes of about 15 RE. Barghouthi (2008) developed a model on the basis of altitude and velocity‐dependent wave‐particle interactions and a radial geomagnetic field which includes the effects of ambipolar electric field and gravitational and mirror forces. In the present work we improve this model to include the effect of the centrifugal force, with the use of relevant boundary conditions. In addition, the magnetic field and flight trajectories, namely, the central polar cap (CPC), nightside polar cap (NPC), and cusp, were calculated using the Tsyganenko T96 model. To simulate wave‐particle interactions, the perpendicular velocity diffusion coefficients for O+ ions in each region were determined such that the simulation results fit the observations. For H+ ions, a constant perpendicular velocity diffusion coefficient was assumed for all altitudes in all regions as recommended by Nilsson et al. (2013). The effect of centrifugal acceleration was simulated by considering three values for the ionospheric electric field: 0 (no centrifugal acceleration), 50, and 100 mV/m. It was found that the centrifugal acceleration increases the parallel bulk velocity and decreases the parallel and perpendicular temperatures of both ion species at altitudes above about 4 RE. Centrifugal acceleration also increases the temperature anisotropy at high altitudes. At a given altitude, centrifugal acceleration decreases the density of H+ ions while it increases the density of O+ ions. This implies that with higher centrifugal acceleration more O+ ions overcome the potential barrier. It was also found that aside from two exceptions centrifugal acceleration has the same effect on the velocities of both ions. This implies that the centrifugal acceleration is universal for all particles. The parallel bulk velocities at a given value of ionospheric electric field were highest in the cusp followed by the CPC followed by the NPC. In this study a region of no wave‐particle interaction was assumed in the CPC and NPC between 3.7 and 7.5 RE. In this region the perpendicular temperature was found to decrease with altitude due to perpendicular adiabatic cooling.
Ferrithrix
Authors: Norris Paul R. 
Published: July 2015

Fer.ri.thr'ix. L. n.
ferrum
iron; Gr. fem. n.
thrix
hair, thread; N.L. fem. n.
Ferrithrix
iron thread, referring to filamentous nature and capacity for ferrous iron oxidation.

Actinobacteria / Acidimicrobiia / Acidimicrobiales / Acidimicrobiaceae / Ferrithrix

Grows as filaments
(occasionally as single rods). Gram‐stain‐negative.
Acidophilic
,
thermotolerant
, or moderately thermophilic, with optimum growth at 43°C.
Obligately heterotrophic
. Grows on yeast extract, glycerol, or ethanol. Capable of
ferrous iron oxidation
and ferric iron reduction. Unknown growth factor(s) from yeast extract is (are) required for growth.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 50 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Ferrithrix thermotolerans
Johnson, Bacelar‐Nicolau, Okibe, Thomas and Hallberg 2009, 1088
VP
.
Actinobaculum
Authors: Lawson Paul A. 
Published: July 2015

Ac.ti.no.ba'cu.lum. Gr. n.actis, actinosray; L. neut. n.baculumrod, stick; N.L. neut. n.Actinobaculumray stick.Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Actinomycetales / Actinomycetaceae / ActinobaculumOn blood agar,cells are straight to slightly curved rods, some of which exhibit branching. Cells are Gram‐stain‐positive, not acid‐fast, and nonmotile and do not form spores. Anaerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Catalase‐negative.Acid may or may not be produced from glucose.The major end product of glucose and/or maltose metabolism is acetate or lactate.Esculin and gelatin are not hydrolyzed. Nitrate is not reduced to nitrite. Acetoin is not produced.The cell‐wall murein type is type A5a(L‐Lys–L‐Ala–Lys–D‐Glu orL‐Lys–Lys–D‐Glu). The major long‐chain cellular fatty acids are straight‐chain saturated and monounsaturated components.DNA G+C content (mol%): 55–57 (Tm).Type species:Actinobaculum suis(Wegienek and Reddy 1982) Lawson, Falsen, Åkervall, Vandamme and Collins 1997, 902VP.
Gardnerella
Authors: Storms Virginie , Vandamme Peter 
Published: July 2015

Gard.ner.el'la. N.L. fem. dim. n.Gardnerellanamed after H.L. Gardner.Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Bifidobacteriales / Bifidobacteriaceae / GardnerellaPleomorphic rods ~0.5 µm in diameter and 1.5–2.5 µm in length.Filaments do not occur. Neither capsules nor endospores are formed.Gram‐stain‐negative to Gram‐stain‐variable. Nonmotile.Facultatively anaerobic. Fastidious in growth requirements.Catalase‐ and oxidase‐negative.Chemo‐organotrophic, with a fermentative type of metabolism.Acid, but no gas, is producedfrom a variety of carbohydrates, includingmaltose and starch. Acetic acid is the major product of fermentation.Hippurate is hydrolyzed. Human blood, but not sheep blood, is hemolyzed.Found in the human genital and urinary tracts.DNA G+C content (mol%): 42–44 (Bd).Type species:Gardnerella vaginalis(Gardner and Dukes 1 9 5 5) Greenwood and Pickett 1 9 8 0, 176VP(Haemophilus vaginalisGardner and Dukes 1 9 5 5, 963).
Millisia
Authors: Soddell Jacques A. , Mcilroy Simon J. , Seviour Robert J. 
Published: July 2015

Mil.li'si.a N.L. fem. n. named after Nancy F. Millis, a celebrated microbiologist who promoted wastewater microbiology in Australia
Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Corynebacteriales / Nocardiaceae / Millisia

Aerobic, Gram‐stain‐positive to Gram‐stain‐variable, acid–alcohol‐fast, nonmotile, catalase‐positive actinomycete that
forms non‐sporing rods which show only rudimentary right‐angled branching and which contain polyphosphate storage granules. In stationary phase, the rods fragment into spherical unicells
(Figure 1). Salmon pink, irregular colonies with filamentous margins and sparse unbranched aerial hyphae are formed on glucose‐yeast extract agar. Colonies are matt and dry in appearance, soft in texture, and easy to emulsify. Diffusible pigments are not produced.

Whole‐organism hydrolysates are rich in
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, and galactose.

The organism contains
N
‐glycolated muramic acid residues,

a predominant dihydrogenated menaquinone with eight isoprene units, and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylinositol mannosides as major polar lipids. Mycolic acids have 44–52 carbon atoms (principal components C
48
, C
50
, and C
52
), and oleic, palmitic, and palmitoleic acids are the predominant fatty acids, with relatively small amounts of myristic, stearic, and tuberculostearic acids.

A member of the family
Nocardiaceae
in the order
Corynebacteriales
.

DNA G+C content (mol%)
: 64.7 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Millisia brevis
Soddell, Stainsby, Eales, Kroppenstedt, Seviour and Goodfellow 2006a, 742
VP
.
Rhodococcus
Authors: Jones Amanda L. , Goodfellow Michael 
Published: July 2015

Rho.do.coc'cus. Gr. n.rhodonthe rose; N.L. masc. n.coccus(from Gr. masc. n.kokkosgrain, seed) coccus; N.L. masc. n.Rhodococcusa red coccus.Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Corynebacteriales / Nocardiaceae / RhodococcusAerobic, Gram‐stain‐positive to Gram‐stain‐variable, nonmotile actinomycetesthat are usually partially acid–alcohol‐fast at some stage of the growth cycle. Rods to extensively branched substrate mycelium may be formed. In all strains the growth cycle begins with the coccus or short rod stage, with different organisms showing a succession of more or less complex morphological stages by which the completion of the cycle is achieved. Cocci may germinate into short rods, form filaments with side projections, show elementary branching, or, in the most differentiated forms, produce extensively branched hyphae. The next generation of cocci and short rods are formed by fragmentation of the rods, filaments, and hyphae. Some strains form sparse microscopically visible aerial hyphae, which may be branched, or aerial synnemata consisting of unbranched filaments that coalesce and project upwards. Colonies may be rough, smooth, or mucoid and pigmented buff, cream, orange, red, or yellow, although colorless variants occur. Chemo‐organotrophic with an oxidative type of metabolism. Catalase‐positive, arylsulfatase‐negative, and sensitive to lysozyme. Most strains grow well on standard media between 15 and 40°C, and use a wide range of organic compounds as sole sources of carbon for energy and growth.DNA G+C content(mol%): 63–73 (HPLC,Tm).Type species:Rhodococcus rhodochrous(Zopf 1889) Tsukamura 1974, 43VP.
Haloactinopolyspora
Authors: Tang Shun‐Kun , Zhi Xiao‐Yang , Li Wen‐Jun 
Published: July 2015

ha.lo.ac.ti.no.po.ly.spo'ra. Gr. n.
hals halos
salt; Gr. n.
actis, actinos
a ray; Gr. adj.
poly
many; Gr. n.
spora
a seed and, in biology, a spore; N.L. fem. n.
Haloactinopolyspora
salt‐loving and the many spored ray.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Jiangellales / Jiangellaceae / Haloactinopolyspora
Gram‐stain‐positive, strictly aerobic, moderately halophilic filamentous actinomycete. The substrate mycelium fragments into rod‐like elements, and the aerial mycelium has long spore chains and forms root‐like spore heaps at maturity (Figure 1). The growth is good on GTY agar and potato agar, moderate on Czapek's agar, inorganic salts‐starch agar (ISP 4), and oatmeal agar (ISP 3), weak on nutrient agar and glycerol/asparagine agar (ISP 5), but no growth is observed on yeast extract‐malt extract agar (ISP 2). The color of the aerial mycelium is white and that of the substrate mycelium was white‐yellow. No soluble pigments are produced.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 70–71.

Type species
:
Haloactinopolyspora alba
Tang, Zhi, Wang, Shi, Lou, Xu and Li 2011, 199
VP
.
Jiangella
Authors: Zhi Xiao‐Yang , Tang Shun‐Kun , Li Wen‐Jun 
Published: July 2015

Ji.ang.el'la. N.L. fem. dim. n.
Jiangella
named after the Chinese microbiologist Cheng‐Lin Jiang in recognition of his work on actinomycete taxonomy.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Jiangellales / Jiangellaceae / Jiangella
Gram‐stain‐positive, filamentous actinomycete. Aerobic, with a strictly respiratory type of metabolism. Catalase positive.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 70–71.5.

Type species
:
Jiangella gansuensis
Song, Li, Wang, Chen, Zhang and Xu 2005, 883
VP
.
Pseudoclavibacter
Authors: Manaia Célia M. , Nogales Balbina , Nunes Olga C. 
Published: July 2015

Pseu.do.cla.vi.bac'ter. Gr. adj.pseudêsfalse; N. L. masc. n.Clavibactera bacterial generic name; N.L. masc. n.PseudoclavibacterfalseClavibacter.Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Microbacteriaceae / PseudoclavibacterRod‐shaped cells. Gram‐stain‐positive. Nonsporeforming.Nonmotile. Strictly aerobic. The optimal growth temperature is 30°C. Catalase‐positive.Chemo‐organotrophic. Nitrate is not reduced.The diamino acid 2,4‐diaminobutyric acid (DAB) is present in the peptidoglycan. The muramic acid of the peptidoglycan is of the acetyl type.The major respiratory quinone is MK‐9. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The major cellular fatty acids are 12‐methyl‐tetradecanoic acid (C15:0anteiso), 14‐methyl‐pentadecanoic acid (C16:0iso), and 14‐methyl‐hexadecanoic acid (C17:0anteiso).DNA G+C content(mol%): 67.Type species:Pseudoclavibacter helvolusManaia, Nogales, Weiss and Nunes 2004, 787VP.
Rathayibacter
Authors: Evtushenko Lyudmila I. , Dorofeeva Lubov V. 
Published: July 2015

Ra.thay.i.bac'ter. N.L. n.RathayaRathay, referring to E. Rathay, Australian plant pathologist who first isolated strains of the genus; N.L. masc. n.bacterrod; N.L. masc. n.Rathayibactera rod isolated by Rathay.Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Microbacteriaceae / RathayibacterYoung cells areirregular, straight to slightly curved rods, most of which are 0.5–0.7 µm in diameter and ~1.1–2.0 µm in length,with bluntly rounded ends. Cells are often disposed at an angle to each other, giving V‐formsor sometimes more complex angular arrangements.In older cultures, coccobacillaric forms usually predominant. Nonmotile. Nonsporeforming. Capsule is produced. Stains Gram‐positivebut not acid‐fast.Lysozyme resistant. Chemo‐organotrophs. Obligately aerobic, having arespiratory type of metabolismwith oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Catalase‐positive.Oxidase reaction is usually negativeor weakly positive.Nutritionally exacting, most strains require vitamins and amino acids for growth. Growth moderate to good on standard laboratory media based on peptone, yeast extract, and glucose at near neutral pH. Colonies are yellow or rose‐orange to pink. Acids are produced oxidatively and rather weakly from carbohydrates.Nitrate is not reduced to nitrite; nitrite is not reduced. Mesophilic. Optimum temperature ~24–27°C; no growth at 7°C or 37°C.DNA G+C(mol%): 60–69.Type species:Rathayibacter rathayi(Smith 1913) Zgurskaya, Evtushenko, Akimov and Kalakoutskii 1993, 146VP(“Aplanobacter rathayi” Smith 1913, 926; “Phytomonas rathayi” Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Hunton 1923, 192;Corynebacterium rathayiDowson 1942, 313; “Pseudobacterium rathayi” Krasil'nikov 1949, 225; “Corynebacterium michiganensepv.rathayi” Dye and Kemp 1977, 578;Clavibacter rathayiDavis, Gillespie, Vidaver and Harris 1984, 113).
Citricoccus
Authors: Busse Hans‐Jürgen , Kämpfer Peter 
Published: July 2015

Ci.tri.coc'cus. L. n.
citrus
lemon, citron or citrus, an African tree; N.L. masc. n.
coccus
a sphere; N.L. masc. n.
Citricoccus
lemon‐yellow‐pigmented coccus.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Micrococcaceae / Citricoccus
Cocci, occurring singly, in short chains or in clusters, about 1 µm in diameter; cells are nonmotile, Gram‐stain‐positive, non‐spore‐forming, and aerobic. Oxidase‐negative and catalasepositive.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 63.8–68.

Type species
:
Citricoccus muralis
Altenburger, Kämpfer, Schumann, Steiner, Lubitz and Busse 2002, 2099
VP
.
Cellulosimicrobium
Authors: Schumann Peter , Stackebrandt Erko 
Published: July 2015

Cel.lu.lo.si.mi.cro'bi.um. N.L. n.cellulosumcellulose; N.L. neut. n.microbium, microbe; N.L. neut. n.Cellulosimicrobiumcellulose microbe.Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micrococcales / Promicromonosporaceae / CellulosimicrobiumGram‐stain‐positive, but cells are very readily decolorized. In young cultures, a substrate mycelium is produced which fragments later into irregular, curved, and club‐shaped rods which may be arranged in V forms. After exhaustion of the medium, the rods are transformed into shorter rods or even spherical cells. Do not form endospores. Not acid‐fast. Motile or nonmotile. Chemo‐organotrophic; metabolism respiratory and facultatively anaerobic. Acid produced from several carbohydrates. Catalase positive. Nitrate reduction is positive or negative.Cellulolytic.Peptidoglycan contains l‐lysine;the interpeptide bridge consists of d‐Ser–d‐Asp orL‐Thr–d‐Asp,type A4α.Major menaquinone is MK‐9(H4),and predominating fatty acids are C15:0anteiso,C15:0iso,C16:0iso,and C17:0anteiso. Whole‐cell sugars are galactose, rhamnose, glucose, fucose, and mannose or galactose and ribose; one type strain contains only galactose. Phylogenetically, a member of the familyPromicromonosporaceae.DNA G+C content(mol%): 72.9–76.5 (Tm).Type species:Cellulomicrobium cellulans(Metcalfe and Brown 1957) Schumann, Weiss and Stackebrandt, 2001, 1009VP(Nocardia cellulansMetcalfe and Brown 1957).
Amycolatopsis
Authors: Tan Geok Yuan Annie , Goodfellow Michael 
Published: July 2015

A.my.co.la.top'sis. N.L. fem. n.Amycolatagenus belonging to the orderActinomycetales; Gr. fem. n.opsisaspect, appearance; N.L. fem. n.Amycolatopsisthat which appears similar toAmycolata.Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Pseudonocardiales / Pseudonocardiaceae / AmycolatopsisAerobic to facultatively anaerobic,Gram‐stain‐positive,non‐acid‐fast,nonmotile,catalase‐positive actinomycetes that form branching substrate hyphae which fragment into squarish and rod‐shaped elements.When formed,aerial hyphae may be sterile or differentiate into chains of smooth‐walled,squarish to ellipsoidal spore‐like structures. Chemo‐organotrophic to facultatively autotrophic. Grows on a broad range of organic and synthetic media. Mesophilic or thermophilic.Whole‐organism hydrolysates are rich inmeso‐2,6‐diaminopimelic acid,arabinose,and galactose. The peptidoglycan is of the A1γ type. Muramic acid moieties areN‐acetylated.The diagnostic phospholipid is phosphatidylethanolamine(with or without phosphatidylmethylethanolamine)or phosphatidylmethylethanolaminewith variable occurrence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; containscomplex mixtures of saturated and branched chain fatty acids. Does not contain mycolic acids. The phylogenetic position ofAmycolatopsis, as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, is in the familyPseudonocardiaceae.Common in arid soils but has also been isolated from activated sludge, equine placentas, and from clinical and plant material.DNA G+C content(mol%): 66–75 (Tm; HPLC).Type species:Amycolatopsis orientalis(Pittenger and Brigham 1956) Lechevalier, Prauser, Labeda and Ruan 1986, 35VP.
Crossiella
Authors: Labeda David P. 
Published: July 2015

Cros.si.el'la. N.L. fem. dim. n.Crossiellanamed for Thomas Cross, a microbiologist at the University of Bradford who made many contributions to actinomycete biology and systematics.Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Pseudonocardiales / Pseudonocardiaceae / CrossiellaAerobic. Gram‐stain‐positive, non‐acid fast, nonmotile actinomycetes. Forms branched substrate mycelium (approx. 0.5 µm in diameter) and, on some media, aerial mycelia are produced.Vegetative mycelium may fragment into rod‐shaped elements and sclerotia‐like pseudosporangia may be produced on the substrate mycelium.Swellings may be produced at or near the tip of aerial hyphae. Mycolic acids are absent. Catalase‐positive.Containsmeso‐diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid and acetylated peptidoglycan.The whole‐cell sugar pattern consists of galactose,mannose,rhamnose,and ribose.The phospholipid pattern consists of phosphatidylethanolamine,phosphatidylmethylethanolamine,phosphatidylinositol,and phosphatidylinositol mannosides.The predominant menaquinone is MK‐9(H4). Has a fatty acid profile rich in branched‐chain and saturated components.Phylogenetically,the nearest neighbor is the genusKutzneria.DNA G+C content(mol%): 71.4 (Tm).Type species:Crossiella cryophilaLabeda 2001, 1579VP.