bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing Parenting Time in Child Support Cases: New Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Pearson Jessica 
Published: April 2015

Despite dramatic increases in collections, child support frequently fails to be the linchpin to family self‐sufficiency that it could be, and many researchers, advocates and policymakers have concluded that future progress in collections will require making the child support system more fair and responsive to its growing poor, never‐married caseload. High on the list of suggested reforms is paying more attention to involving poor fathers in the lives of their children. Since the inception of the child support program in 1975, parenting time and child support have been legally distinct issues and activities pertaining to parenting time have not qualified for the 66 percent of funding that the federal government provides to fund the child support program. As a result, few child support programs address parenting time when they establish or enforce child support orders. Public Law 113–183 (2014) includes a provision to encourage the establishment of safe parenting time arrangements in new child support orders, although the activity is voluntary and no new funding is provided. This article describes the treatment of parenting time in the child support program and the approaches that some states and local jurisdictions have adopted to develop and incorporate parenting time responsibilities with family violence safeguards in new child support orders. This includes the use of standard parenting time schedules, self‐help resources, mediation or facilitation with a neutral third party, and comprehensive programs that attempt to address multiple barriers.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Parenting time and child support are legally distinct issues and courts typically order child support for parents of children born out‐of‐wedlock without simultaneously ordering parenting time arrangements.
Research shows that addressing parenting time improves parent‐child contact and child support payments and that positive paternal engagement improves child outcomes.
A few state and local child support agencies address parenting time using standard parenting time schedules, self‐help resources for parents, mediation or facilitation with a neutral third‐party; and comprehensive programs that address multiple barriers.
Developing a safe, structured approach to parenting time for the child support population will require coordination among courts, domestic violence programs and child support agencies, and allowing these activities to qualify for federal matching funds.
Who Wears the Pants? The Difficulties Men Face When Trying to Take Their Spouse's Surname after Marriage
Authors: Slade Michael 
Published: April 2015

Marital laws in the majority of states currently limit or impose significant obstacles for men seeking to change their surname upon marriage, unequal to laws regarding women who change their surname change. Women currently have the right to sign a marriage license and take their husband's name or some combination name. In contrast, only nine states provide men with the same opportunity. In the remaining states, men usually must apply for a formal name change in order to legally take their wives’ surname. This process requires paying a substantial court filing fee, dealing with drawn out court proceedings and, in some cases, being required to post in newspapers personal information (such as financial information) as well as the petition to change one's name. This Note argues that it is unconstitutional for states to have unequal procedures for men and women to change their surnames upon marriage, resulting in a violation of men's equal protection rights; thus, states can avoid a judicial decision that the current name change statute is unconstitutional by simply equalizing the standard, making it gender neutral.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Women have the statutory right to either change their last name upon marriage or retain their maiden name in all fifty states
Men are provided the same procedure as women to change their surname upon marriage in only nine states
The process for men to change their surname upon marriage in the majority of states can be time consuming, expensive and, when all is said and done, a judge usually has unlimited discretion to decide such matters
Men typically must adhere to formal name change procedures to change their surname after marriage, primarily by petitioning the court
The issue is that it is unconstitutional for states to have unequal procedures for men and women to change their surname upon marriage in violation of husbands’ equal protection rights
Courts should strike down statutes that discriminate against men changing their surname upon marriage or extend to men the same rights women currently have in all states
Calculating Safety: Reckoning with Domestic Violence in the Context of Child Support Parenting Time Initiatives
Authors: Ver Steegh Nancy , Davis Gabrielle 
Published: April 2015

This article explores domestic violence–related implications of federal and state initiatives seeking to establish parenting time in connection with entry of child support orders. The authors recommend and explore two critical family violence safeguards. First, parents need the information and support required by them to make deliberative decisions about parenting time, including: (1) understanding the legal meaning, consequences, and practical effect of formally establishing parenting time; (2) exploration of the extent to which various parenting time arrangements are in the best interests of the child; and (3) knowledge of the nature of dispute resolution and court processes available to them. Second, parents, rather than child support officials, should decide whether, when, and how to pursue establishment of parenting time.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
The impact of domestic violence on parenting and on child safety and well‐being varies extensively.
Some survivors of domestic violence are forced to make high‐stakes calculations regarding the safety and well‐being of their children in the context of parenting time initiatives.
Deliberative, informed, and voluntary decision making about parenting time is a key family violence safeguard.
Domestic violence exclusions are only partially effective, in part because they unrealistically rely on quick and accurate identification and assessment of domestic violence and its implications.
Parents should decide whether, when, and how to establish parenting time.
Co‐Parenting Relationships among Low‐Income, Unmarried Parents: Perspectives of Fathers in Fatherhood Programs
Authors: Fagan Jay , Kaufman Rebecca 
Published: April 2015

The current study examined low‐income, unmarried, nonresidential fathers’ engagement in co‐parenting with the child's mother. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 71 fathers attending nine different fatherhood programs in five cities that serve low‐income, primarily unmarried, nonresidential fathers. The results revealed that co‐parenting in this sample of fathers is a multidimensional construct that includes both negative and positive components. Our results also point to specific behaviors or indicators that seem to be unique to this population of fathers and mothers and that should be used to inform the development of measures of co‐parenting. The need for such measurement development is important given the growing number of unmarried, nonresident fathers and the resources that are currently being invested by federal, state, and local governments to improve low‐income, unmarried, nonresidential fathers’ involvement with their children.
Key Points for the Family Court Community
Co‐parenting relationships among low‐income, unmarried, nonresidential fathers and mothers are multidimensional and include both negative and positive components, including undermining, gatekeeping, parenting alliance, conflict, support, and division of labor.
The components of co‐parenting that are relevant to co‐residential fathers and mothers are also relevant to low‐income, unmarried, nonresidential parents.
Co‐parenting relationships between unmarried, nonresidential mothers and fathers often times involve another adult, particularly the father's new partner.
Practitioners who work with low income, unmarried, nonresidential parents should conduct multi‐dimensional assessments that include both the negative and positive aspects of co‐parenting.
The role of aquatic fungi in transformations of organic matter mediated by nutrients
Authors: Tant Cynthia J. , Rosemond Amy D. , Mehring Andrew S. , Kuehn Kevin A. , Davis John M. 
Published: April 2015

Summary

We assessed the key role of aquatic fungi in modifying coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) by affecting its breakdown rate, nutrient concentration and conversion to fine particulate organic matter (FPOM). Overall, we hypothesised that fungal‐mediated conditioning and breakdown of CPOM would be accelerated when nutrient concentrations are increased and tested the degree to which fungi were critical to CPOM processing and to FPOM production by an invertebrate consumer.

We manipulated the presence and absence of fungi, exogenous nutrients [nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)] and an invertebrate consumer in a full‐factorial laboratory experiment and quantified their effects on CPOM mass loss and nutrient concentration, and the quantity and nutrient concentration of FPOM produced during leaf breakdown.

Mass of CPOM lost and the quantity of FPOM produced were highest in nutrient‐enriched treatments containing fungal decomposers. Across all treatments, FPOM produced was a constant proportion of CPOM lost (67%). Loss of CPOM due to shredders was highest at fungal biomass values >16 mg g dry mass−1, which occurred with nutrient enrichment.

Nitrogen concentration in CPOM increased in treatments with nutrients and fungi, while CPOM P concentration was primarily affected by nutrients. In contrast, FPOM P concentration declined in treatments with fungi and nutrients, suggesting either sequestration via CPOM‐associated fungi or preferential assimilation by shredders. Nitrogen in FPOM increased with nutrients, but was unaffected by fungi.

Our results indicate that aquatic fungi play a critical role in facilitating energy and nutrient flow through detrital pathways and that their ability to mediate organic matter transformations is significantly influenced by nutrient enrichment.
Catheter tip malposition after percutaneous placement of tunneled hemodialysis catheters
Authors: Weber Ewa , Liberek Tomasz , Wołyniec Wojciech , Rutkowski Bolesław 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe percutaneous catheterization of central veins is increasingly used in nephrological practice as a temporary or permanent vascular access. The aim of our study was to present and to analyze episodes of catheter tip malposition during percutaneous tunneled hemodialysis catheter insertion in the large, unselected group of patients. All patients who underwent the procedure of catheter insertion in our department during year 2012 were analyzed retrospectively. One hundred four tunneled hemodialysis catheters were inserted in 101 patients. In 58 patients, the catheter was inserted at the initiation of hemodialysis therapy as the first access and in 46 the catheter was placed because of the failure of the existing one. In 68 patients, the catheter was inserted into the right internal jugular vein and in 20 patients into the left internal jugular vein (LIJV). Subclavian veins were used in five cases and femoral veins in 11 cases. Malposition of the catheter tips occurred in six patients. In all cases, the LIJV was cannulated. In two cases, the catheter tip malposition was in the right innominate vein and in four cases in the azygos vein. Our data demonstrate that with the blind insertion of tunneled hemodialysis catheters, the risk of catheter tip malposition is significantly higher with the left side insertion. As catheter insertion through the LIJV holds very high (30%) risk of the tip malposition, it should always be performed under the fluoroscopic control.
Association of bioimpedance spectroscopy‐based volume estimation with postdialysis hypotension in patients receiving hemodialysis
Authors: Abreo Adrian P. , Chertow Glenn M. , Dalrymple Lorien S. , Kaysen George A. , Johansen Kirsten L. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractClinical examination to determine the dry weight of patients on hemodialysis (HD) has been problematic, with studies showing discordance between physician assessment and objective measures of volume status.We studied the association between predialysis bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS)‐based estimates of fluid overload and postdialysis hypotension in 635 patients in the United States Renal Data System ACTIVE/ADIPOSE (A Cohort study To Investigate the Value of Exercise/Analyses Designed to Investigate the Paradox of Obesity and Survival in ESRD) study receiving HD in 2009–2011. We recorded predialysis and postdialysis weight and blood pressures over 3 consecutive HD sessions and performed BIS before a single session. Using a previously reported method of estimating normohydration weight, we estimated postdialysis fluid overload (FOpost) in liters. We used logistic regression with extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW) or estimated FOpost as the primary predictor and 1 or more postdialysis systolic blood pressures less than 110 mmHg as the dependent variable. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, ultrafiltration rate per kilogram of body weight, end‐stage renal disease vintage, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and albumin. Higher ECW/TBW was associated with lower odds of postdialysis hypotension (odds ratio [OR] 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15–0.84 per 0.1, P = 0.02). Every liter of FOpost was associated with lower adjusted odds of postdialysis hypotension (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.79–0.95, P = 0.003). Prospective studies are needed to determine whether this application of BIS could improve current clinical efforts to minimize episodes of postdialysis hypotension without leading to volume overload.
Histopathological features of molluscum contagiosum other than molluscum bodies
Authors: Ishikawa Martin K , Arps David P , Chow Conroy , Hocker Thomas L , Fullen Douglas R 
Published: April 2015

AimsClassic histopathological features of molluscum contagiosum (MC) include a crateriform, acanthotic epidermis containing intracytoplasmic molluscum bodies (MBs). In our experience, a subset of cases lack these features on initial haematoxylin and eosin‐stained sections. We aimed to describe the histopathological features of MC other than those classically described.Methods and resultsSixty‐seven biopsies diagnosed as MC from January 2011 to October 2012 were retrospectively reviewed. Keratinocytes peripheral to the diagnostic cells with MBs had prominent nucleoli (67; 100%), amphophilic cytoplasm (54; 81%), and in many instances clear cytoplasmic vacuolization (38; 57%). Stroma surrounding MC lesions showed fibroedematous to fibromyxoid changes in many cases (36; 54%), with a subset (13; 19%) showing abundant dermal mucin. In eight of 67 cases (12%), initial sections did not possess MBs or crateriform epidermis of MC. In these cases, initial sections revealed only the epithelial and/or perilesional stromal changes described above. Additional sections contained MBs in all of these cases.ConclusionsPerilesional fibroedematous to fibromyxoid stroma and keratinocyte changes, including prominent nucleoli and amphophilic cytoplasm with clear vacuolization, are common in MC. Recognizing these features may prove helpful in reaching the diagnosis of MC in cases lacking classic histopathological features on initial sections.
Ileitis associated with Meckel's diverticulum
Authors: Hamilton Claire M , Arnason Thomas 
Published: April 2015

AimsHistological features of chronic active ileitis in the small intestine neighbouring a Meckel's diverticulum raise the possibility of concurrent Crohn's disease. Several studies have reported a significant association between Meckel's diverticulum and Crohn's disease, whereas some case reports have proposed that the ileitis is attributable to acid‐secreting gastric heterotopia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, histomorphology and clinical follow‐up of Meckel's diverticulum‐associated ileitis.Methods and resultsMedical records and slides from 48 consecutive surgical resections performed for Meckel's diverticulum were reviewed. Nine of 48 adults had significant inflammatory changes in the small intestine neighbouring the diverticulum. Two were transmural ulcers attributable to ingestion of a sharp object. Two patients had established Crohn's disease, both with long segments (>95 mm) of transmural inflammation located >100 mm from the diverticulum. The remaining five patients had inflammatory changes (ulceration, pseudopyloric metaplasia, submucosal fibrosis, and muscularis mucosa hyperplasia) confined to a short segment (<20 mm) of mucosa/submucosa within 50–60 mm of the diverticulum. Two had gastric heterotopia in the diverticulum. None of these five patients used non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). On follow‐up, none had symptoms, imaging or pathology suggestive of Crohn's disease.ConclusionsIleitis affecting a short segment of mucosa and submucosa in the small intestine near a Meckel's diverticulum is relatively common, and is not necessarily related to Crohn's disease.
Effect of alpha lipoic acid co‐administration on structural and immunohistochemical changes in subcutaneous tissue of anterior abdominal wall of adult male albino rat in response to polypropylene mesh implantation
Authors: Mazroa Shireen A. , Asker Samar A. , Asker Waleed , Abd Ellatif Mohamed 
Published: April 2015

SummaryPolypropylene mesh is commonly used in the treatment of abdominal hernia. Different approaches were addressed to improve their tissue integration and consequently reduce long‐term complications. This study aimed to investigate the effect of alpha‐lipoic acid (ALA) co‐administration on structural and immunohistochemical (IHC) changes in the subcutaneous tissues of the anterior abdominal wall of the adult rat in response to polypropylene mesh implantation. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into: group I (control), group II (receiving ALA), group III (polypropylene mesh implantation) and group IV (mesh implantation + ALA co‐administration). After 4 weeks, subcutaneous tissue samples were prepared for light microscopy and IHC study of CD34 as a marker for angiogenesis. In groups I and II rats, positive CD34 expression was demonstrated by IHC reaction, localized to endothelial cells lining small blood vessels. Group III showed an excess inflammatory reaction, deposition of both regular and irregularly arranged collagen fibres around mesh pores and few elastic fibres. CD34‐positive was detected not only in cells lining small blood vessels but also in other cells scattered in the connective tissue indicating angiogenesis. In group IV, ALA co‐administration resulted in less inflammatory reaction, regular collagen deposition, enhanced elastic fibres synthesis and a significant increase in CD34‐positive cells and small blood vessels reflecting improved angiogenesis. ALA co‐administration with polypropylene mesh implantation controlled the inflammatory reaction, helped regular collagen deposition, enhanced elastic fibres synthesis and improved angiogenesis in the subcutaneous tissue of anterior abdominal wall of adult albino rats, suggesting a possible role of ALA in optimizing mesh integration in subcutaneous tissue.
Effect of spent yeast fortification on physical parameters, volatiles and sensorial characteristics of home‐made bread
Authors: Martins Zita Emanuela , Erben Melina , Gallardo Anabella E. , Silva Ricardo , Barbosa Inês , Pinho Olívia , Ferreira Isabel M. P. L. V. O. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThe impact of bread fortification with dry spent yeast from brewing industry on physical, chemical and sensorial characteristics of home‐made bread was evaluated with the goal of increasing its β‐glucan content. A serving of 50 g of bread fortified with dry spent yeast increased β‐glucan intake from 65 to 125 mg, which is within the guidelines suggested by European Food Safety Authority. Although this fortification darkened the crumb and increased crumb and crust springiness and had impact on volatile profile, concerning key odours only hexanal presented a significant increase in fortified bread. Two machine types (with 1 or 2 paddles) were tested but had a minor impact on bread characteristics. Descriptive analyses performed by a trained panel showed no significant differences in sensorial attributes. Dry spent yeast can be used as ingredient in home‐made bread to increase β‐glucan intake, and contribute to valorisation of this brewing by‐product.
Effect of Irrigant Characteristics on Lesion Formation After Radiofrequency Energy Delivery Using Ablation Catheters with Actively Cooled Tips
Authors: NGUYEN DUY T. , OLSON MATTHEW , ZHENG LIJUN , BARHAM WASEEM , MOSS JOSHUA D. , SAUER WILLIAM H. 
Published: April 2015

Irrigation Characteristics and Ablation LesionsBackgroundThe delivery of radiofrequency (RF) energy through irrigated ablation catheters may be affected by irrigant osmolarity and by catheter position. We sought to characterize lesion formation characteristics using different irrigants in both open and closed irrigated catheter.MethodsAn ex vivo model consisting of viable bovine myocardium and a submersible load cell was assembled in a circulating saline bath at 37 °C. An externally irrigated ablation catheter and a closed irrigated catheter were positioned with 10 g of force in both perpendicular and parallel positions. A series of ablation lesions using different irrigants were delivered using a constant rate of irrigation (30 cc/min) at 50 W. Potential clinical applicability was evaluated in vivo by targeting porcine epicardium with different irrigants during open irrigation ablation and assessing lesion sizes.ResultsAblation in the perpendicular position produced significantly larger lesions for all irrigants, compared to their respective parallel position ablation. For both open and closed irrigated ablation, half normal saline (HNS) ablation created larger lesions than normal saline (NS), and dextrose water (D5W) lesions were significantly larger than both HNS and NS lesions. Steam pops were mostly observed in the perpendicular position, and the rate of steam pops was statistically higher only for open irrigated D5W, but not for HNS, when compared to NS. Both open and closed irrigated ablation with D5W and HNS in the parallel position created larger lesions than parallel NS ablation without causing more steam pops. In an in vivo porcine model, open irrigated ablation with D5W created larger lesions compared to standard NS irrigation.ConclusionsIn ex vivo and in vivo models, decreased osmolarity and charge density increased RF energy delivery to tissue, resulting in larger lesions for both open and closed irrigated ablations. A perpendicular catheter position created larger lesions across all irrigants for both open and closed irrigation ablation. The incidence of steam pops was observed more frequently with high power open irrigated using D5W, especially if the catheter was in a perpendicular position. Further research is required to evaluate any clinical role for using different irrigants with an externally irrigated catheter.