bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Famennian rhynchonellides (Brachiopoda) from deep-water facies of the Ougarta Basin (Saoura Valley, Algeria)
Authors: MOTTEQUIN BERNARD , MALTI FATIMA ZOHRA , BENYOUCEF MADANI , CRÔNIER CATHERINE , SAMAR LOUISA , RANDON CARINE , BRICE DENISE 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn the Saoura Valley (Ougarta Basin, Saharan Algeria), the lower–upper Famennian part of the essentially shally Marhouma Formation is characterized by deep-water facies and includes horizons rich in ammonoids (goniatites and clymeniids) and blind to eye-reduced phacopide trilobites. They are also rich in small-sized and smooth rhynchonellide brachiopods, investigated here for the first time in order to detail their post-Kellwasser recovery. Rhynchonellides clearly predominate in the brachiopod assemblages (representing 90% of the whole assemblage, with 10 species) composed otherwise of athyridides, orthides and spiriferides. Rhynchonellides are mostly represented by relatively flat leiorhynchids and rozmanariids consistent with poor oxygenation on the sea floor. One new species is described (Evanidisinurostrum saouraensesp. nov.); four genera, previously known only from the south-eastern margin of Laurussia, are reported for the first time from the northern margin of Gondwana: the leiorhynchidSphaeridiorhynchusand the rozmanariidsLeptoterorhynchus, PugnariaandNovaplatirostrum.
Internet-based remote health self-checker symptom data as an adjuvant to a national syndromic surveillance system
Authors: ELLIOT A. J. , KARA E. O. , LOVERIDGE P. , BAWA Z. , MORBEY R. A. , MOTH M. , LARGE S. , SMITH G. E. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYSyndromic surveillance is an innovative surveillance tool used to support national surveillance programmes. Recent advances in the use of internet-based health data have demonstrated the potential usefulness of these health data; however, there have been limited studies comparing these innovative health data to existing established syndromic surveillance systems. We conducted a retrospective observational study to assess the usefulness of a national internet-based ‘symptom checker’ service for use as a syndromic surveillance system. NHS Direct online data were extracted for 1 August 2012 to 1 July 2013; a time-series analysis on the symptom categories self-reported by online users was undertaken and compared to existing telehealth syndromic data. There were 3·37 million online users of the internet-based self-checker compared to 1·43 million callers to the telephone triage health service. There was a good correlation between the online and telephone triage data for a number of syndromic indicators including cold/flu, difficulty breathing and eye problems; however, online data appeared to provide additional early warning over telephone triage health data. This assessment has illustrated some potential benefit of using internet-based symptom-checker data and provides the basis for further investigating how these data can be incorporated into national syndromic surveillance programmes.
Local Group Proper Motion Dynamics
Authors: van der Marel Roeland P. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractOur knowledge of the dynamics and masses of galaxies in the Local Group has long been limited by the fact that only line-of-sight velocities were observationally accessible. This introduces significant degeneracies in dynamical models, which can only be resolved by measuring also the velocity components perpendicular to the line of sight. However, beyond the solar neighborhood, the corresponding proper motions have generally been too small to measure. This has changed dramatically over the past decade, especially due to the angular resolution and stability available on the Hubble Space Telescope. Proper motions can now be reliably measured throughout the Local Group, as illustrated by, e.g., the work of the HSTPROMO collaboration. In this review, I summarize the importance of proper motions for Local Group science, and I describe the current and future observational approaches and facilities available to measure proper motions. I highlight recent results on various Milky Way populations (globular clusters, the bulge, the metal-poor halo, hypervelocity stars, and tidal streams), dwarf satellite galaxies, the Magellanic Clouds and the Andromeda System.
Late stages of stellar evolution in population models
Authors: Maraston Claudia 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMy contribution to Roger's celebration symposium focuses on the treatment of late stellar evolutionary phases in stellar population models, reviewing the state of art and discussing some very recent developments, ranging from local stellar clusters up to distant galaxies at high redshift. I shall focus in particular on the Thermally Pulsating Asymptotic Giant Branch, about which a vivid discussion has been ongoing since a few years. I shall present renewed evidence in favour of a sizable contribution from this phase for matching the observed spectral energy distribution of distant massive galaxies. I shall also discuss the possible reasons why such a conclusion has been controversial in the recent literature. Stellar population models are the magic tool to shape the physics of galaxies out of their observed light, and enter virtually all papers presented at this symposium. In a collective effort to properly treat all relevant aspects of the modelling, we split the discussion into six contributions given by experts in the field, as our present to Roger and his outstanding career.
Element abundance ratios in stellar population modelling
Authors: Thomas Daniel 
Published: April 2015

AbstractI review the implementation of the effects from varying chemical element abundance ratios in stellar population modelling, focusing on α- and Fe-peak elements. A brief overview of the development of such models over the past 30 years is provided, starting with early work on the identification of relevant absorption features in the spectra of early-type galaxies in the 1980s leading to the most recent developments of the past years. Recent highlights include the adoption of new flux calibrated libraries, the inclusion of a wide range of chemical elements, the calculation of error estimates on the model, and the consideration of element variation effects on full spectra. The calibration of such models with globular clusters and some key results on the element ratios measured in early-type galaxies are presented.
MaNGA: Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory
Authors: Bundy Kevin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractI describe a new integral field spectroscopic survey called MaNGA (Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory). One of three core programs in the 6-year SDSS-IV project† that began on July 1st, 2014, MaNGA will deploy 17 fiber-bundle IFUs across the Sloan 2.5m Telescope's 3 degree field-of-view, targeting a mass-selected sample with a median redshift of 0.03, typical spatial resolution of 1-2 kpc, and a per-fiber signal-to-noise ratio of 4-8 in the outskirts of target galaxies. For each galaxy in the sample, MaNGA will provide maps and measured gradients of the composition and dynamics of both stars and gas. I discuss early results that highlight MaNGA's potential to shed light on the ionization and chemical enrichment of gas in galaxies, spatial patterns in their star formation histories, and the internal makeup of stellar populations. MaNGA's unprecedented data set will not only provide powerful new insight on galaxy formation and evolution but will serve as a valuable benchmark for future high-z observations from large telescopes and space-based facilities.
First record of three Bivalvia species: Thyasira succisa, Lyonsia norwegica and Poromya granulata in the Adriatic Sea (Central Mediterranean)
Authors: Strafella Pierluigi , Montagnini Luca , Punzo Elisa , Santelli Angela , Cuicchi Clara , Salvalaggio Vera , Fabi Gianna 
Published: April 2015

Three species of bivalves,Thyasira succisa,Lyonsia norwegicaandPoromya granulate, were recorded for the first time in the Adriatic Sea during surveys conducted from 2010 to 2012 on offshore relict sand bottoms at a depth range of 45–80 m.
Genetic and epigenetic profiling of CLL disease progression reveals limited somatic evolution and suggests a relationship to memory-cell development
Authors: Smith E N , Ghia E M , DeBoever C M , Rassenti L Z , Jepsen K , Yoon K-A , Matsui H , Rozenzhak S , Alakus H , Shepard P J , Dai Y , Khosroheidari M , Bina M , Gunderson K L , Messer K , Muthuswamy L , Hudson T J , Harismendy O , Barrett C L , Jamieson C H M , Carson D A , Kipps T J , Frazer K A 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe examined genetic and epigenetic changes that occur during disease progression from indolent to aggressive forms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) using serial samples from 27 patients. Analysis of DNA mutations grouped the leukemia cases into three categories: evolving (26%), expanding (26%) and static (47%). Thus, approximately three-quarters of the CLL cases had little to no genetic subclonal evolution. However, we identified significant recurrent DNA methylation changes during progression at 4752 CpGs enriched for regions near Polycomb 2 repressive complex (PRC2) targets. Progression-associated CpGs near the PRC2 targets undergo methylation changes in the same direction during disease progression as during normal development from naive to memory B cells. Our study shows that CLL progression does not typically occur via subclonal evolution, but that certain CpG sites undergo recurrent methylation changes. Our results suggest CLL progression may involve developmental processes shared in common with the generation of normal memory B cells.
Mesenchymal stromal cells derived from acute myeloid leukemia bone marrow exhibit aberrant cytogenetics and cytokine elaboration
Authors: Huang J C , Basu S K , Zhao X , Chien S , Fang M , Oehler V G , Appelbaum F R , Becker P S 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) play a fundamental role in the BM microenvironment (BME) and abnormalities of these cells may contribute to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) pathogenesis. The aim of the study was to characterize the cytokine and gene expression profile, immunophenotype and cytogenetics of BM-MSCs from AML patients compared to normal BM-MSCs from healthy donors. AML BM-MSCs showed decreased monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels compared to normal BM-MSCs. AML BM-MSCs expressed similar β1 integrin, CD44, CD73, CD90 and E-cadherin compared to normal BM-MSCs. Cytogenetic analysis revealed chromosomal aberrations in AML BM-MSCs, some overlapping with and others distinct from their corresponding AML blasts. No significant difference in gene expression was detected between AML BM-MSCs compared to normal BM-MSCs; however, comparing the differences between AML and MSCs from AML patients with the differences between normal hematopoietic cells and normal MSCs by Ingenuity pathway analysis showed key distinctions of the AML setting: (1) upstream gene regulation by transforming growth factor beta 1, tumor necrosis factor, tissue transglutaminase 2, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha and SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4; (2) integrin and interleukin 8 signaling as overrepresented canonical pathways; and (3) upregulation of transcription factors FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog and v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog. Thus, phenotypic abnormalities of AML BM-MSCs highlight a dysfunctional BME that may impact AML survival and proliferation.
Arabidopsis uses two gluconeogenic gateways for organic acids to fuel seedling establishment
Authors: Eastmond Peter J. , Astley Holly M. , Parsley Kate , Aubry Sylvain , Williams Ben P. , Menard Guillaume N. , Craddock Christian P. , Nunes-Nesi Adriano , Fernie Alisdair R. , Hibberd Julian M. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGluconeogenesis is a fundamental metabolic process that allows organisms to make sugars from non-carbohydrate stores such as lipids and protein. In eukaryotes only one gluconeogenic route has been described from organic acid intermediates and this relies on the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PCK). Here we show that two routes exist in Arabidopsis, and that the second uses pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK). Gluconeogenesis is critical to fuel the transition from seed to seedling. Arabidopsis pck1 and ppdk mutants are compromised in seed-storage reserve mobilization and seedling establishment. Radiolabelling studies show that PCK predominantly allows sugars to be made from dicarboxylic acids, which are products of lipid breakdown. However, PPDK also allows sugars to be made from pyruvate, which is a major product of protein breakdown. We propose that both routes have been evolutionarily conserved in plants because, while PCK expends less energy, PPDK is twice as efficient at recovering carbon from pyruvate.
Controlled induction of DNA double-strand breaks in the mouse liver induces features of tissue ageing
Authors: White Ryan R. , Milholland Brandon , de Bruin Alain , Curran Samuel , Laberge Remi-Martin , van Steeg Harry , Campisi Judith , Maslov Alexander Y. , Vijg Jan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractDNA damage has been implicated in ageing, but direct evidence for a causal relationship is lacking, owing to the difficulty of inducing defined DNA lesions in cells and tissues without simultaneously damaging other biomolecules and cellular structures. Here we directly test whether highly toxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) alone can drive an ageing phenotype using an adenovirus-based system based on tetracycline-controlled expression of the SacI restriction enzyme. We deliver the adenovirus to mice and compare molecular and cellular end points in the liver with normally aged animals. Treated, 3-month-old mice display many, but not all signs of normal liver ageing as early as 1 month after treatment, including ageing pathologies, markers of senescence, fused mitochondria and alterations in gene expression profiles. These results, showing that DSBs alone can cause distinct ageing phenotypes in mouse liver, provide new insights in the role of DNA damage as a driver of tissue ageing.
Chemical Analysis of the Chinese Liquor Luzhoulaojiao by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yao Feng , Yi Bin , Shen Caihong , Tao Fei , Liu Yumin , Lin Zhixin , Xu Ping 
Published: April 2015

AbstractLuzhoulaojiao liquor is a type of Chinese liquor that dates back hundreds of years, but whose precise chemical composition remains unknown. This paper describes the screening of the liquor and the identification of its compounds using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC/TOF-MS). Samples were prepared by both liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase microextraction, which facilitated the detection of thousands of compounds in the liquor, thus demonstrating the superior performance of the proposed method over those reported in previous studies. A total of 320 compounds were common to all 18 types of Luzhoulaojiao liquor studied here and 13 abundant and potentially bioactive compounds were further quantified. The results indicated that the high-performance method presented here is well suited for the detection and identification of compounds in liquors. This study also contributes to enriching our knowledge of the contents of Chinese liquors.
Assessment of radiocesium contamination in frogs 18 months after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
Authors: Matsushima Noe , Ihara Sadao , Takase Minoru , Horiguchi Toshihiro 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe investigated the accumulation of radionuclides in frogs inhabiting radioactively contaminated areas around Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) to search for possible adverse effects due to radionuclides. We collected 5 frog species and soil samples in areas within and outside a 20-km radius from FDNPP in August and September 2012 and determined their radiocesium concentrations (134Cs and 137Cs). There was a positive correlation between radiocesium concentrations in the soil samples and frogs and the highest concentration in frogs was 47,278.53 Bq/kg-wet. Although we conducted a histological examination of frog ovaries and testes by light microscopy to detect possible effects of radionuclides on the morphology of germ cells, there were no clear abnormalities in the gonadal tissues of frogs collected from sites with different contamination levels.
Age-Related Differences in Speech Rate Perception Do Not Necessarily Entail Age-Related Differences in Speech Rate Use
Authors: Heffner Christopher C. , Newman Rochelle S. , Dilley Laura C. , Idsardi William J. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
A new literature has suggested that speech rate can influence the parsing of words quite strongly in speech. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences between younger adults and older adults in the use of context speech rate in word segmentation, given that older adults perceive timing information differently from younger ones.

Method
Younger (18–25 years) and older (55–65 years) adults performed a sentence transcription task for sentences that varied in speech rate context (i.e., distal speech rate) and a syntactic cue to the presence of a word boundary.

Results
There were no differences between younger and older adults in their use of the distal speech rate cue to word segmentation.

Conclusions
The differences previously documented between younger and older adults in their perception of speech rate cues do not necessarily translate to older adults' use of those cues. Older adults' difficulties with compressed speech may arise from problems broader than just speech rate alone.
Automated Speech Rate Measurement in Dysarthria
Authors: Martens Heidi , Dekens Tomas , Van Nuffelen Gwen , Latacz Lukas , Verhelst Werner , De Bodt Marc 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
In this study, a new algorithm for automated determination of speech rate (SR) in dysarthric speech is evaluated. We investigated how reliably the algorithm calculates the SR of dysarthric speech samples when compared with calculation performed by speech-language pathologists.

Method
The new algorithm was trained and tested using Dutch speech samples of 36 speakers with no history of speech impairment and 40 speakers with mild to moderate dysarthria. We tested the algorithm under various conditions: according to speech task type (sentence reading, passage reading, and storytelling) and algorithm optimization method (speaker group optimization and individual speaker optimization). Correlations between automated and human SR determination were calculated for each condition.

Results
High correlations between automated and human SR determination were found in the various testing conditions.

Conclusions
The new algorithm measures SR in a sufficiently reliable manner. It is currently being integrated in a clinical software tool for assessing and managing prosody in dysarthric speech. Further research is needed to fine-tune the algorithm to severely dysarthric speech, to make the algorithm less sensitive to background noise, and to evaluate how the algorithm deals with syllabic consonants.
Ultra‐low startup voltage low output ripple high‐efficiency hysteretic current mode step‐up DC–DC converter
Authors: Yuan Chi , Xinquan Lai , Hanxiao Du 
Published: April 2015

This study proposes a hysteretic current mode step‐up DC–DC converter with ultra‐low startup voltage, low output ripple and high efficiency, which is suitable to be used as a power supply for an accurately voltage controlled systems, high‐efficiency devices and low‐voltage supply applications. A startup module is used for operating the switches when the input voltage is not high enough to supply the control circuit. The output ripple is restricted by a fixed‐hysteretic current mode controller whether the load is heavy or light. The high efficiency is obtained by applying an auto‐mode changed technology under light load. This makes some sub‐circuits of the chip enter into the power save mode and shuts down the power switching devices. At the same time, a back‐gate diode of the rectifying power metal‐oxide semiconductor device is used for maintaining output voltage. The chip has been made with a standard 0.35‐μm complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor process forming an area of only 960 μm × 820 μm. Experimental results show that the minimum startup voltage is 0.8 V; and the output voltage ripple is <10 mV. Moreover, the peak efficiency is 95% with a heavy load that can prolong battery life.
All-atom 3D structure prediction of transmembrane β-barrel proteins from sequences
Authors: Hayat Sikander , Sander Chris , Marks Debora S. , Elofsson Arne 
Published: April 2015

Significance
EVfold_bb predicts all-atom 3D models of large transmembrane β-barrel proteins that are notoriously hard to determine experimentally. In some cases the algorithm can identify interactions between large extracellular loops, plugs, and the transmembrane β-strands. The major advance is the combination of evolutionary couplings between amino acid residues from protein family sequence alignments with prediction of β-strands to ascertain residue pairs that are hydrogen bonded between adjacent β-strands. The method will enable biological research into the function and druggability of outer-membrane proteins.
Prevalence Rates ofBorrelia burgdorferi(Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae),Anaplasma phagocytophilum(Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae), andBabesia microti(Piroplasmida: Babesiidae) in Host-SeekingIxodes scapularis(Acari: Ixodidae) from Pennsylvania
Authors: Hutchinson M. L. , Strohecker M. D. , Simmons T. W. , Kyle A. D. , Helwig M. W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe etiological agents responsible for Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi), human granulocytic anaplasmosis (Anaplasma phagocytophilum), and babesiosis (Babesia microti) are primarily transmitted by the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularisSay. Despite Pennsylvania having in recent years reported the highest number of Lyme disease cases in the United States, relatively little is known regarding the geographic distribution of the vector and its pathogens in the state. Previous attempts at climate-based predictive modeling of I. scapularisoccurrence have not coincided with the high human incidence rates in parts of the state. To elucidate the distribution and pathogen infection rates of I. scapularis, we collected and tested 1,855 adult ticks statewide from 2012 to 2014. The presence of I. scapularisand B. burgdorferiwas confirmed from all 67 Pennsylvania counties. Analyses were performed on 1,363 ticks collected in the fall of 2013 to avoid temporal bias across years. Infection rates were highest for B. burgdorferi(47.4%), followed by Ba. microti(3.5%) and A. phagocytophilum(3.3%). Coinfections included B. burgdorferi + Ba. microti(2.0%), B. burgdorferi + A. phagocytophilum(1.5%) and one tick positive for A. phagocytophilum + Ba. microti.Infection rates for B. burgdorferiwere lower in the western region of the state. Our findings substantiate that Lyme disease risk is high throughout Pennsylvania.