bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and clinical manifestations of children with macrolide‐resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Ping‐Sheng , Chang Luan‐Yin , Lin Hsiao‐Chuan , Chi Hsin , Hsieh Yu‐Chia , Huang Yi‐Chuan , Liu Ching‐Chuan , Huang Yhu‐Chering , Huang Li‐Min 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMycoplasma pneumoniae accounts for 10–30% of community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. This study reveals the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of children with macrolide‐resistant (MLr) M. pneumoniae pneumonia in Taiwan. Respiratory tract specimens were collected from children hospitalized with CAP for evaluation via PCR followed by DNA sequencing for several point mutations related to the MLr character. Of the 412 specimens collected during the study period, 60 (15%) were positive for M. pneumoniae, 14 (23%) of which presented point mutation (all A2063G) in 23S rRNA. Clinical symptoms and chest X‐ray findings between the MLs and MLr groups were not significantly different. However, the MLr group had longer mean duration of fever after azithromycin treatment (3.2 days vs. 1.6 days, P = 0.02) and significantly higher percentage of changing antibiotics for suspected MLr strain (42% vs. 13%, P = 0.04). Although 58% of children in the MLr group did not receive effective antibiotics, all children were discharged without sequelae. In conclusion, 15% of CAP in children is caused by M. pneumoniae and the macrolide‐resistance rate is 23% in Taiwan. Despite ineffective antibiotics, children with MLr M. pneumoniae pneumonia recover completely. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:904–911. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical‐Pathologic Correlation Between Transperineal Mapping Biopsies of the Prostate and Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction of Prostatectomy Specimens
Authors: Crawford E. David , Rove Kyle O. , Barqawi Al B. , Maroni Paul D. , Werahera Priya N. , Baer Craig A. , Koul Hari K. , Rove Cory A. , Lucia M. Scott , La Rosa Francisco G. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUNDExtended transrectal ultrasound guided biopsies (TRUSB) of the prostate may not accurately convey true morphometric information and Gleason score (GS) of prostate cancer (PCa) and the clinical use of template‐guided (5‐mm grid) transperineal mapping biopsies (TPMBs) remains controversial.METHODSWe correlated the clinical‐pathologic results of 1,403 TPMB cores obtained from 25 men diagnosed with PCa with 64 cancer lesions found in their corresponding radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. Special computer models of three‐dimensional, whole‐mounted radical prostatectomy (3D‐WMRP) specimens were generated and used as gold standard to determine tumor morphometric data. Between‐sample rates of upgrade and downgrade (highest GS and a novel cumulative GS) and upstage and downstage (laterality) were determined. Lesions ≥ 0.5 cm3 or GS ≥ 7 were considered clinically significant.RESULTSFrom 64 separate 3D‐WMRP lesions, 25 had significant volume (mean 1.13 cm3) and 39 were insignificant (mean 0.09 cm3) (P < 0.0001); 18/64 lesions were missed by TPMB, but only one was clinically significant with GS‐8 (0.02 cm3). When comparing the cumulative GS of TPMB versus RP, 72% (n = 18) had identical scores, 12% (n = 3) were upgraded, and only 16% (n = 4) were downgraded. Laterality of TPMB and RP was strongly correlated, 80% same laterality, 4% were up‐staged, and 16% down‐staged.CONCLUSIONSOur clinical‐pathology correlation showed very high accuracy of TPMB with a 5‐mm grid template to detect clinically significant PCa lesions as compared with 3D‐WMRP, providing physicians and patients with a reliable assessment of grade and stage of disease and the opportunity to choose the most appropriate therapeutic options. Prostate 73: 778–787, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experiment and simulation of micro‐part dynamics with roughness effect
Authors: Le Phuong Hoai , Xuan Dinh Thien , Mitani Atsushi , Hirai Shinichi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this study, we perform an experiment and develop a dynamic model that describes the planar motion modes of a micro‐part, including two linear motions and one rotational motion, on a saw‐tooth surface. In the experiment, the planar motion of the micro‐part is obtained by a particle‐tracking method. The rotation angle is measured from the principal axis of the micro‐part image. In a simulation, the contact between the micro‐part and the saw‐tooth surface is assumed to be the contact between a number of hemispheres on the micro‐part and the surface, which results in either a point contact or a slope contact. The effect of the saw‐tooth surface's roughness on the contact force at each contact point is modeled as a field of normal vectors. In addition, the roughness of the saw‐tooth surface is approximated by superposing white noise on an ideal saw‐tooth profile and is used to evaluate the adhesion force. The results show that the model can describe the motion modes of a micro‐part. Furthermore, the simulated results of the two linear motions are in good agreement with our experimental results from a previous study. The proposed model can be used to improve the design of surfaces for micro‐part transport. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Solvothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Luminescent Properties of Two Transition Metal Complexes with 5‐Nitro‐8‐hydroxyquinoline and N‐Containing Auxiliary Ligands
Authors: Hu Yao‐Min , Qu Jing , Yi Yong‐Ling , Hu Cong‐Cong , Gao Hong‐Ling , Cui Jian‐Zhong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTwo complexes, Zn4(C9H5N2O3)8(4, 4′‐bipy)2 (1) and [Cd(C9H5N2O3)2(2, 2′‐bipy)]·2H2O (2) were synthesized by solvothermal reactions of transition metal nitrates with 5‐nitro‐quinoline‐8‐yl acetate (NQA) under intervention of auxiliary ligands, and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, TGA, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In complex 1, every 4, 4′‐bipy adopts a monodentate bridging mode and links two dinuclear asymmetric units, resulting a centrosymmetric neutral tetranuclear zinc complex. Complex 2 is a mononuclear complex, which is alternately arranged to form a 2D network through four kinds of hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, complexes 1 and 2 show excellent luminescent properties in solid state at room temperature.
Synthesis, Band and Crystal Structures, and Optical Properties of the Ternary Compound Mg2Te3O8
Authors: Lin Wan‐Feng , Xing Qiu‐Ju , Ma Jun , Zou Jian‐Ping , Lei Si‐Liang , Luo Xu‐Biao , Guo Guo‐Cong 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe new spiroffite Mg2Te3O8 (1) was prepared by hydrothemal methods and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Compound 1 crystallizes in the space group C2/c of the monoclinic system with two formula units in a cell: a = 12.6030(7), b = 5.2254(3), c = 11.6331(7) Å, β = 98.6960(10)°, V = 757.30(8) Å3. The structure features a 3D open‐framework with spiroffite topology that has large tunnels approximately 3.2 × 5.5 Å. The optical properties and thermal stability of 1 were characterized by UV and IR spectroscopy as well as TG. Calculations of the electronic band structure along with the density of states (DOS) indicate that the present compound is a semiconductor with an indirect band gap, and that the optical absorption is mainly originated from the charge transitions from O‐2p state to Te‐5p and Te‐5s states.
Effect of dune sand on the properties of flowing sand-concrete (FSC)
Authors: Bouziani Tayeb , Bederina Madani , Hadjoudja Mourad 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Sand-concrete is being researched for potential usage in construction in Saharan regions of Algeria, because of shortage in coarse aggregate resources. This research work deals with the effect of dune sand, available in huge quantities in these regions, on the properties of flowing sand-concrete (FSC) prepared with different proportions of dune and river sands. Mini-cone slump test, v-funnel flow-time test and viscosity measurements were used to characterize the behaviour of FSC in fresh state. The 28-day compressive strength was also determined. Test results show that an optimal content of dune sand, which makes satisfied fresh and hardened properties of FSC, is obtained. Moreover, the obtained flow index (constant b) calculated by the help of power-law viscosity model is successfully correlated to the experimental results of v-funnel flow time.
Exercise to Enhance Neurocognitive Function After Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Fogelman David , Zafonte Ross 
Published: November 2012

AbstractVigorous exercise has long been associated with improved health in many domains. Results of clinical observation have suggested that neurocognitive performance also is improved by vigorous exercise. Data derived from animal model–based research have been emerging that show molecular and neuroanatomic mechanisms that may explain how exercise improves cognition, particularly after traumatic brain injury. This article will summarize the current state of the basic science and clinical literature regarding exercise as an intervention, both independently and in conjunction with other modalities, for brain injury rehabilitation. A key principle is the factor of timing of the initiation of exercise after mild traumatic brain injury, balancing potentially favorable and detrimental effects on recovery.
The Role and Efficacy of Exercise in Persons With Cancer
Authors: Eickmeyer Sarah M. , Gamble Gail L. , Shahpar Samman , Do Kim D. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractImprovements in cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment have resulted in an increasing population of cancer survivors with impairments in physical function, cancer‐related symptoms, and reduced quality of life. Exercise and physical activity have therapeutic value at multiple points along the cancer disease continuum, spanning disease prevention, treatment, survivorship, prognostic outcomes, and end‐of‐life issues. Molecular mechanisms for the influence of exercise in persons with cancer include altering tumor initiation pathways and affecting hormonal, inflammatory, immune, and insulin pathways. Physical activity has been found to play a role in the prevention of certain malignancies, including breast, colon, and other cancers. An increasing amount of evidence indicates that physical activity may affect prognostic outcomes in certain cancer diagnoses, especially breast cancer. Structured exercise and physical activity interventions can be helpful in addressing specific survivorship issues, including overall quality of life, cardiorespiratory impairment, cancer‐related fatigue, and lymphedema. Exercise also may be helpful during the palliative care phase to alleviate symptoms and increase physical well‐being. This article will familiarize physiatrists with the current state of evidence regarding the role and efficacy of exercise in persons with cancer.
History, prejudice, and the study of social inequities
Authors: Harrell Jules P. , Medford Edna Greene 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIntegrating a historical perspective into studies of prejudicial attitudes facilitates the interpretation of paradoxical findings of the kind cited in the target article. History also encourages research to move beyond the study of prejudice and to consider institutional and structural forces that maintain social inequities. Multilevel approaches can study these factors in both field and laboratory studies.
All about us, but never about us: The three-pronged potency of prejudice
Authors: Haslam S. Alexander , Reynolds Katherine J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThree points that are implicit in Dixon et al.'s paradigm-challenging paper serve to make prejudice potent. First, prejudice reflects understandings of social identity – the relationship of “us” to “them” – that are shared within particular groups. Second, these understandings are actively promoted by leaders who represent and advance in-group identity. Third, prejudice is identified in out-groups, not in-groups.
Of babies and bathwater, and rabbits and rabbit holes: A plea for conflict prevention, not conflict promotion
Authors: Hewstone Miles , Swart Hermann , Hodson Gordon 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDixon et al. overlook the fact that contact predicts not only favorable out-group attitudes/evaluations, but also cognitions, affect, and behavior. The weight of evidence supporting the benefits of intergroup contact cautions against throwing the (contact) baby out with the bathwater. The goal to “ignite struggles” in pursuit of social equality, we argue, incautiously risks hurling us down the proverbial rabbit hole.
What works to address prejudice? Look to developmental science research for the answer
Authors: Killen Melanie , Mulvey Kelly Lynn , Hitti Aline , Rutland Adam 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDevelopmental perspectives on prejudice provide a fundamental and important key to the puzzle for determining how to address prejudice. Research with historically disadvantaged and advantaged groups in childhood and adolescence reveals the complexity of social cognitive and moral judgments about prejudice, discrimination, bias, and exclusion. Children are aware of status and hierarchies, and often reject the status quo. Intervention, to be effective, must happen early in development, before prejudice and stereotypes are deeply entrenched.
Impedance matching condition analysis of the multi-filar tape-helix Blumlein PFL with discontinuous dielectrics
Authors: Zhang Y. , Liu J.L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn this paper, the characteristic impedance matching of the inner line and outer line of the multi-filar tape-helix Blumlein pulse forming line (BPFL) is analyzed in detail by dispersion theory of tape helix. Analysis of the spatial harmonics of multi-filar tape-helix BPFL shows that the integer harmonic numbers of the excited spatial harmonics are not continuous. In addition, the basic harmonic component still dominates the dispersion characteristics of the multi-filar tape-helix BPFL at low frequency band. The impedance mismatching phenomenon caused by the discontinuity of filling dielectrics in the inner line of BPFL is studied as an important issue. Effects of dielectric discontinuity on the coupled electromagnetic fields and the parameters of the outer line are also analyzed. The impedance matching conditions are both obtained under the situations of continuous filling dielectric and discontinuous dielectrics, respectively. Impedance characteristics of these two situations are analyzed by comparison, and effects of the thickness of support dielectric on the impedance are also presented. When the 6 mm-thickness nylon support of the multi-filar tape helix is used in the filling dielectric of de-ionized water, the characteristic impedances of the inner line and outer line of BPFL are 53 Ω and 14.7 Ω, respectively. After the improvement about substituting de-ionized water by castor oil, the relative permittivities of the support dielectric and filling dielectric are almost the same, and the impedances of the inner and outer line of BPFL become 80 Ω and 79 Ω, respectively. That is to say, the impedance mismatching problem caused by dielectric discontinuity is solved. Circuit simulation and experimental results basically correspond to the theoretical results, and the fact demonstrates that impedance analysis of the multi-filar tape-helix BPFL based on dispersion theory is correct.
Stent therapy for acute and chronic obstructions in extracardiac Fontan conduits
Authors: Sreeram Narayanswami , Emmel Mathias , Bennink Gerardus 
Published: November 2012

AbstractWe describe transcatheter therapy for early onset occlusion or stenoses of extracardiac conduits in three children who had undergone Fontan completion. Successful stent implantation was associated with complete resolution of symptoms.
Mathematical Outcomes and Working Memory in Children With TBI and Orthopedic Injury
Authors: Raghubar Kimberly P. , Barnes Marcia A. , Prasad Mary , Johnson Chad P. , Ewing-Cobbs Linda 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis study compared mathematical outcomes in children with predominantly moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI;n= 50) or orthopedic injury (OI;n=47) at 2 and 24 months post-injury. Working memory and its contribution to math outcomes at 24 months post-injury was also examined. Participants were administered an experimental cognitive addition task and standardized measures of calculation, math fluency, and applied problems; as well as experimental measures of verbal and visual-spatial working memory. Although children with TBI did not have deficits in foundational math fact retrieval, they performed more poorly than OIs on standardized measures of math. In the TBI group, performance on standardized measures was predicted by age at injury, socioeconomic status, and the duration of impaired consciousness. Children with TBI showed impairments on verbal, but not visual working memory relative to children with OI. Verbal working memory mediated group differences on math calculations and applied problems at 24 months post-injury. Children with TBI have difficulties in mathematics, but do not have deficits in math fact retrieval, a signature deficit of math disabilities. Results are discussed with reference to models of mathematical cognition and disability and the role of working memory in math learning and performance for children with TBI. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–10)
Evaluation of photographs supporting an FFQ developed for adolescents
Authors: Brito Alessandra Page , Guimarães Celso Pereira , Pereira Rosangela Alves 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the validity of food photographs used to support the reporting of food intake with an FFQ designed for adolescents from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.DesignA set of ninety-five food photographs was elaborated. The photographs’ evaluation process included the acknowledgement of foods and portions in the pictures. In the identification of foods (ninety-five photographs) and typical portions (twelve photographs), the adolescents were requested to answer a structured questionnaire related to the food photographs. The identification of the portion size of amorphous foods (forty-three photographs) was performed using three different portion sizes of actual preparations. The proportions (and 95 % confidence intervals) of adolescents who correctly identified foods and portion size in each photograph were estimated.SettingA public school in Niterói, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.SubjectsSixty-two adolescents between 11·0 and 18·9 years old, randomly selected.ResultsAt least 90 % of adolescents correctly identified the food in ninety-two photographs and the food in the three remaining photographs was recognized by 80–89 % of the adolescents. At least 98 % of the adolescents correctly identified eleven typical or natural portions in the food photographs. For amorphous foods, at least 70 % of teenagers correctly identified the portion size in the photograph of thirty-one foods; for the other photographs, the portion size was correctly recognized by 50–69 % of the adolescents for eight foods and by less than 50 % of adolescents for four foods.ConclusionsThe analysed photographs are appropriate visual aids to the reporting of food consumption by adolescents.
Improving myelin/oligodendrocyte-related dysfunction: a new mechanism of antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia?
Authors: Ren Yuan , Wang Hanzhi , Xiao Lan 
Published: November 2012

AbstractSchizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder with complex clinical manifestations and its aetiological factors remain unclear. During the past decade, the oligodendrocyte-related myelin dysfunction was proposed as a hypothesis for schizophrenia, supported initially by a series of neuroimaging studies and genetic evidence. Recently, the effects of antipsychotics on myelination and oligodendroglial lineage development and their underlying molecular mechanisms were evaluated. Data from those studies suggest that the antipsychotics-resulting improvement in myelin/oligodendrocyte-related dysfunction may contribute, at least in part, to their therapeutic effect on schizophrenia. Importantly, these findings may provide the basis for a new insight into the therapeutic strategy by targeting the oligodendroglia lineage cells against schizophrenia.
Influence of interplanetary magnetic field and solar wind on auroral brightness in different regions
Authors: Yang Y. F. , Lu J. Y. , Wang J.‐S. , Peng Z. , Zhou L. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBy integrating and averaging the auroral brightness from Polar Ultraviolet Imager auroral images, which have the whole auroral ovals, and combining the observation data of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and solar wind from NASA Operating Missions as a Node on the Internet (OMNI), we investigate the influence of IMF and solar wind on auroral activities, and analyze the separate roles of the solar wind dynamic pressure, density, and velocity on aurora, respectively. We statistically analyze the relations between the interplanetary conditions and the auroral brightness in dawnside, dayside, duskside, and nightside. It is found that the three components of the IMF have different effects on the auroral brightness in the different regions. Different from the nightside auroral brightness, the dawnside, dayside, and duskside auroral brightness are affected by the IMF Bx, and By components more significantly. The IMF Bx and By components have different effects on these three regional auroral brightness under the opposite polarities of the IMF Bz. As expected, the nightside aurora is mainly affected by the IMF Bz, and under southward IMF, the larger the |Bz|, the brighter the nightside aurora. The IMF Bx and By components have no visible effects. On the other hand, it is also found that the aurora is not intensified singly with the increase of the solar wind dynamic pressure: when only the dynamic pressure is high, but the solar wind velocity is not very fast, the aurora will not necessarily be intensified significantly. These results can be used to qualitatively predict the auroral activities in different regions for various interplanetary conditions.
High‐frequency source radiation during the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake, Japan, inferred from KiK‐net strong‐motion seismograms
Authors: Kumagai Hiroyuki , Pulido Nelson , Fukuyama Eiichi , Aoi Shin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractTo investigate source processes of the 2011 Tohoku‐Oki earthquake, we utilized a source location method using high‐frequency (5−10 Hz) seismic amplitudes. In this method, we assumed far‐field isotropic radiation of S waves, and conducted a spatial grid search to find the best fitting source locations along the subducted slab in each successive time window. Our application of the method to the Tohoku‐Oki earthquake resulted in artifact source locations at shallow depths near the trench caused by limited station coverage and noise effects. We then assumed various source node distributions along the plate, and found that the observed seismograms were most reasonably explained when assuming deep source nodes. This result suggests that the high‐frequency seismic waves were radiated at deeper depths during the earthquake, a feature which is consistent with results obtained from teleseismic back‐projection and strong‐motion source model studies. We identified three high‐frequency subevents, and compared them with the moment‐rate function estimated from low‐frequency seismograms. Our comparison indicated that no significant moment release occurred during the first high‐frequency subevent and the largest moment‐release pulse occurred almost simultaneously with the second high‐frequency subevent. We speculated that the initial slow rupture propagated bilaterally from the hypocenter toward the land and trench. The landward subshear rupture propagation consisted of three successive high‐frequency subevents. The trenchward propagation ruptured the strong asperity and released the largest moment near the trench.