bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Heterotrophic Microbial Communities in Estuarine C Budgets and the Biogeochemical C Cycle with Implications for Global Warming: Research Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Anderson O. Roger 
Published: October 2015

AbstractEstuaries are among the most productive and economically important marine ecosystems at the land–ocean interface and contribute significantly to exchange of CO2 with the atmosphere. Estuarine microbial communities are major links in the biogeochemical C cycle and flow of C in food webs from primary producers to higher consumers. Considerable attention has been given to bacteria and autotrophic eukaryotes in estuarine ecosystems, but less research has been devoted to the role of heterotrophic eukaryotic microbes. Current research is reviewed here on the role of heterotrophic eukaryotic microbes in C biogeochemistry and ecology of estuaries, with particular attention to C budgets, trophodynamics, and the metabolic fate of C in microbial communities. Some attention is given to the importance of these processes in climate change and global warming, especially in relation to sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2, while also documenting the current paucity of research on the role of eukaryotic microbes that contribute to this larger question of C biogeochemistry and the environment. Some recommendations are made for future directions of research and opportunities of applying newer technologies and analytical approaches to a more refined analysis of the role of C in estuarine microbial community processes and the biogeochemical C cycle.
Conjugation morphology of Zygogonium ericetorum (Zygnematophyceae, Charophyta) from a high alpine habitat
Authors: Stancheva Rosalina , Herburger Klaus , Sheath Robert G. , Holzinger Andreas 
Published: October 2015

Reproductive characteristics are important for defining taxonomic groups of filamentous Zygnematophyceae, but they have not been fully observed in the genus Zygogonium. Specimens of Z. ericetorum previously studied and used to clarify the generic concept lacked fertile material, which was obtained recently. This study illustrates for the first time, using color light microscopic and fluorescence images, a consequent conjugation stage in Z. ericetorum, including completely developed zygospores and purple cytoplasmic residue content left outside the zygospores, similar to aplanospore formation. Structures confirmed earlier reports and provided new observation informative regarding phylogenetically relevant reproductive characters of Z. ericetorum.
Ethical principles for novel therapies in veterinary practice
Authors: Yeates J. W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo present insights to aid decision‐making about novel veterinary treatments from regulations concerning animal experimentation and human clinical medical trials.Materials and MethodsEU Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes and EU Regulation 536/2014 on clinical trials on medicinal products for human use were analysed, evaluated and “translated” into relevant principles for veterinary surgeons.ResultsA number of principles are relevant, relating to treatment expectations, thresholds and objectives; client consent; minimising harms; personnel; review committees; assessment and publication.Clinical SignificanceThese principles should assist veterinary surgeons to make good ethical decisions about novel treatments.
Impact of the Minimum Wage on Youth Labor Markets
Authors: Liu Shanshan , Hyclak Thomas J. , Regmi Krishna 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe study the effect of the minimum wage on labor market outcomes for young workers using US county‐level panel data from the first quarter of 2000 to the first quarter of 2009. We go beyond the usual estimates of earnings and employment effects to consider how differences across states in the minimum wage affect worker turnover via separations and accessions and job turnover through new job creation and job losses. We find that a higher minimum wage level is associated with higher earnings, lower employment and reduced worker turnover for those in the 14–18 age group. For workers aged 19–21 and 22–24, we find less consistent evidence of minimum wage effects on earnings and employment. But, even for these age groups, a higher minimum wage is found to reduce accessions, separations and the turnover rate.
Extreme nickel hyperaccumulation in the vascular tracts of the tree Phyllanthus balgooyi from Borneo
Authors: Mesjasz‐Przybylowicz Jolanta , Przybylowicz Wojciech , Barnabas Alban , van der Ent Antony 
Published: October 2015

Summary

Phyllanthus balgooyi (Phyllanthaceae), one of > 20 nickel (Ni) hyperaccumulator plant species known in Sabah (Malaysia) on the island of Borneo, is remarkable because it contains > 16 wt% Ni in its phloem sap, the second highest concentration of Ni in any living material in the world (after Pycnandra acuminata (Sapotaceae) from New Caledonia with 25 wt% Ni in latex).

This study focused on the tissue‐level distribution of Ni and other elements in the leaves, petioles and stem of P. balgooyi using nuclear microprobe imaging (micro‐PIXE).

The results show that in the stems and petioles of P. balgooyi Ni concentrations were very high in the phloem, while in the leaves there was significant enrichment of this element in the major vascular bundles. In the leaves, cobalt (Co) was codistributed with Ni, while the distribution of manganese (Mn) was different. The highest enrichment of calcium (Ca) in the stems was in the periderm, the epidermis and subepidermis of the petiole, and in the palisade mesophyll of the leaf.

Preferential accumulation of Ni in the vascular tracts suggests that Ni is present in a metabolically active form. The elemental distribution of P. balgooyi differs from those of many other Ni hyperaccumulator plant species from around the world where Ni is preferentially accumulated in leaf epidermal cells.
ON THE DYNAMICS OF EVOLUTIONARY COMPETITION MODELS
Authors: ACKLEH AZMY S. , CUSHING J. M. , SALCEANU PAUL L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAs exemplified by classic Lotka–Volterra theory, there are several canonical outcomes possible to a two species (interference) competitive interaction: coexistence, initial condition‐dependent competitive exclusion of one species, or the global exclusion of one species. Evolutionary versions of Lotka–Volterra dynamics have been investigated in order to see the role that evolutionary adaptation can play in influencing the competitive outcome. For the most part, however, these investigations have been carried out by numerical simulations. In this paper, we provide some rigorous mathematical criteria concerning the outcome of a competition between two species x1 and x2 when evolution is taken into account. Motivated by two classic experiments in which the outcome of two competing beetle species was observed to change due to phenotypic or genetic changes in one species, we consider the case when only the species x2 can evolutionarily adapt. Using methods from persistence theory, we obtain criteria under which x2 will persist and criteria under which x1 will persist.
Effective Dose Titration of Fentanyl Sublingual Spray in Patients With Breakthrough Cancer Pain
Authors: Rauck Richard , Bull Janet , Parikh Neha , Dillaha Larry , Stearns Lisa 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo further describe effective dose titration of fentanyl sublingual spray to treat breakthrough cancer pain (BTCP) during the 26‐day open‐label titration phase of a phase 3, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study.MethodsOpioid‐tolerant patients with 1 to 4 episodes of BTCP per day were enrolled. For randomization into double‐blind treatment, patients must have titrated to a dose (100 to 1,600 mcg) providing effective analgesia for 2 consecutive BTCP episodes. The Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication was administered at baseline and at titration end and included a Global Satisfaction domain.ResultsOf 130 patients undergoing titration, 98 (75%) achieved pain relief (median dose = 800 mcg). The most common doses that allowed for adequate pain relief were 800 mcg (24.5%) and 1,200 mcg (20.4%). Of 32 (25%) patients who withdrew from the study, only 3 (2.3%) did not achieve an effective dose. In patients attaining an effective dose, mean Global Satisfaction increased from 54.9 ± 2.1 at baseline to 75.3 ± 1.7 at the end of the titration phase. Seventy‐eight patients (60%) reported ≥ 1 adverse event (AE). Thirty‐three AEs (25.4%) were considered probably related to treatment, with nausea (6.2%) and somnolence (4.6%) most commonly reported.ConclusionsIn patients with BTCP, fentanyl sublingual spray can be rapidly and safely titrated to an effective dose, resulting in greater satisfaction with fentanyl sublingual spray than previous BTCP medications.
How biophysical in vivo testing techniques can be used to characterize full thickness skin equivalents
Authors: Houcine A. , Delalleau A. , Heraud S. , Guiraud B. , Payre B. , Duplan H. , Delisle M.‐B. , Damour O. , Bessou‐Touya S. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundThe reliability of the biophysical properties of skin equivalents (SEs) remains a challenge for medical applications and for product efficacy tests following the European Directive 2003/15/EC2 on the prohibition of animal experiments for cosmetic products.MethodsWe propose to adapt the biophysical in vivo testing techniques to compare full thickness model growth vs. time. The interest in using such techniques lies in possible comparisons between in vivo and in vitro skin as well as monitoring samples over the culture time.ResultsHigh frequency ultrasound technique, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and laser scanning microscopy were used to analyze SEs morphology at days D42 and D60 whereas their microstructure was assessed through transmission electron microscopy and classical histology. A correlation between these observations and mechanical measurements has been proposed so as to underline the consequence of both the development of the dermis elastic fibers and the epidermis differentiation.ConclusionUltrasounds measurements show a highly homogeneous dermis whereas the OCT technique clearly distinguishes the stratum corneum and the living epidermis. The increase in the thicknesses of these layers as well as the growth in elastin and collagen fibers results in strong modifications of the samples mechanical properties.
A Molecular-Level Landscape of Diet-Gut Microbiome Interactions: Toward Dietary Interventions Targeting Bacterial Genes
Authors: Ni Yueqiong , Li Jun , Panagiotou Gianni 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTAs diet is considered the major regulator of the gut ecosystem, the overall objective of this work was to demonstrate that a detailed knowledge of the phytochemical composition of food could add to our understanding of observed changes in functionality and activity of the gut microbiota. We used metatranscriptomic data from a human dietary intervention study to develop a network that consists of >400 compounds present in the administered plant-based diet linked to 609 microbial targets in the gut. Approximately 20% of the targeted bacterial proteins showed significant changes in their gene expression levels, while functional and topology analyses revealed that proteins in metabolic networks with high centrality are the most “vulnerable” targets. This global view and the mechanistic understanding of the associations between microbial gene expression and dietary molecules could be regarded as a promising methodological approach for targeting specific bacterial proteins that impact human health.IMPORTANCEIt is a general belief that microbiome-derived drugs and therapies will come to the market in coming years, either in the form of molecules that mimic a beneficial interaction between bacteria and host or molecules that disturb a harmful interaction or proteins that can modify the microbiome or bacterial species to change the balance of “good” and “bad” bacteria in the gut microbiome. However, among the numerous factors, what has proven the most influential for modulating the microbial composition of the gut is diet. In line with this, we demonstrate here that a systematic analysis of the interactions between the small molecules present in our diet and the gut bacterial proteome holds great potential for designing dietary interventions to improve human health.
Histological examination of vascular damage caused by stent retriever thrombectomy devices
Authors: Arai Daisuke , Ishii Akira , Chihara Hideo , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: October 2015

Background and objectivesAlthough the recently marketed stent retriever thrombectomy devices have demonstrated a high recanalization rate and favorable clinical outcomes, there is a concern about the risks of intimal injuries when pulling out the stent in the unfolded position. In this study, the Solitaire Flow Restoration System and the Trevo retriever were used in a histopathological comparison of vascular injuries caused by stent retriever thrombectomy devices.MethodsRabbit carotid arteries were used in the experiments with stent retriever thrombectomy devices. Carotid artery samples were harvested either 1 or 2 weeks postoperatively for histological examination.ResultsHistological changes caused by the use of stent retriever thrombectomy devices were observed from the intimal to medial layers. With the Solitaire FR 4 mm, intimal and medial thickening was observed 1 week postoperatively, and progression of intimal thickening was observed 2 weeks postoperatively. The extent of intimal thickening tended to be greater with the Solitaire FR 6 mm than with the Solitaire FR 4 mm, but this difference was not significant. Compared with the Solitaire FR 4 mm, the Trevo had a significantly smaller area of intimal thickening.ConclusionsAlthough there are some differences among devices, results from this study indicate that stent retriever thrombectomy devices induce vascular damage that extends to the medial layer.
The Discipline of Innovation
Authors: Pacione Chris 
Published: October 2015

As design and engineering professionals you are no-doubt familiar with lots of tools and techniques that you can employ in your work like task analysis and usability testing. But did you realize there are over 900 design and innovation methods at your disposal? But which ones are worth mastering and incorporating into your daily work? Are there methods that are more indispensable and better suited for today’s design and business challenges? CEO and Co-Founder of LUMA Institute, Chris Pacione, will discuss the research he and his team conducted on design methodology and a new framework that emerged from this research called “A Taxonomy of Innovation”. He will share what they learned and then facilitate a quick hands-on workshop designed to highlight some specific ways of leveraging these methods to deliver more useful, usable and desirable solutions, more often.
Integration of innate into adaptive immune responses in ZAP-70–positive chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Wagner Michaela , Oelsner Madlen , Moore Andrew , Götte Frederik , Kuhn Peer-Hendrik , Haferlach Torsten , Fiegl Michael , Bogner Christian , Baxter E. Joanna , Peschel Christian , Follows George A. , Ringshausen Ingo 
Published: October 2015

Key PointsActivation of innate immune receptors induces an antiapoptotic signal and proliferation in ZAP-70–positive CLL dependent on Syk activation. TLR9 activation autonomously induces BCR signaling in ZAP-70–positive CLL based on an auto/paracrine feedback loop involving immunoglobulin M.
An emerging role for prdm family genes in dorsoventral patterning of the vertebrate nervous system
Authors: Zannino Denise A. , Sagerström Charles G. 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The embryonic vertebrate neural tube is divided along its dorsoventral (DV) axis into eleven molecularly discrete progenitor domains. Each of these domains gives rise to distinct neuronal cell types; the ventral-most six domains contribute to motor circuits, while the five dorsal domains contribute to sensory circuits. Following the initial neurogenesis step, these domains also generate glial cell types—either astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. This DV pattern is initiated by two morphogens—Sonic Hedgehog released from notochord and floor plate and Bone Morphogenetic Protein produced in the roof plate—that act in concentration gradients to induce expression of genes along the DV axis. Subsequently, these DV-restricted genes cooperate to define progenitor domains and to control neuronal cell fate specification and differentiation in each domain. Many genes involved in this process have been identified, but significant gaps remain in our understanding of the underlying genetic program. Here we review recent work identifying members of the Prdm gene family as novel regulators of DV patterning in the neural tube. Many Prdm proteins regulate transcription by controlling histone modifications (either via intrinsic histone methyltransferase activity, or by recruiting histone modifying enzymes). Prdm genes are expressed in spatially restricted domains along the DV axis of the neural tube and play important roles in the specification of progenitor domains, as well as in the subsequent differentiation of motor neurons and various types of interneurons. Strikingly, Prdm proteins appear to function by binding to, and modulating the activity of, other transcription factors (particularly bHLH proteins). The identity of key transcription factors in DV patterning of the neural tube has been elucidated previously (e.g. the nkx, bHLH and pax families), but it now appears that an additional family is also required and that it acts in a potentially novel manner.
Russian migrants to Russia: assimilation and local labor market effects
Authors: Lazareva Olga 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
As a result of the collapse of the Soviet Union, five million Russian and Russian-speaking people repatriated to Russia during 1990–2002. I use this natural experiment to study labor market assimilation of migrants and their effect on the employment and wages of the local population. I show that male immigrants were fully integrated into the labor market, while female immigrants faced significant wage and employment gaps upon arrival, and their assimilation was slow. Using an IV strategy to account for the endogenous choice of location, I find a negative effect of the inflows of immigrants on the local population’s employment but not on wages. The initial displacement effects are particularly large for men, but they disappear after about ten years after the peak of migration wave.
Phylogeny and taxonomy of Archilejeunea (Marchantiophyta: Lejeuneaceae) based on molecular markers and morphology
Authors: Shi Xue-Qin , Gradstein S. Robbert , Zhu Rui-Liang 
Published: October 2015

AbstractArchilejeunea, a pantropical liverwort genus of about 22 species, has not been revised worldwide and recent phylogenetic study showed that the genus is not monophyletic. We addressed phylogenetic relationships of Archilejeunea by using nuclear (ITS) and chloroplast (rbcL, trnL‐F) DNA regions. Bayesian, likelihood and parsimony phylogenetic analyses of a broad sampling of the group resolved the species in three robust clades, which are morphologically distinct. Based on our molecular phylogenetic results, we split Archilejeunea into two distantly related genera, Archilejeunea s. str. with six species and Dibrachiella stat. nov. with nine species. Both groups have tropical Afro‐American distributions but the range of Archilejeunea is much more restricted than that of Dibrachiella. Archilejeunea is sister to Verdoornianthus from Amazonia and Dibrachiella is member of a clade together with the paleotropical Ptychanthus and Tuzibeanthus, and the pantropical Spruceanthus. Five species previously placed in Archilejeunea (A. abbreviata, A. amakawana, A. kiushiana, A. olivacea, A. planiuscula) are resolved in Spruceanthus, which is morphologically very similar to Dibrachiella. Fifteen new combinations and one replacement name are proposed. Ancestral state reconstruction showed that morphological characters traditionally used to define genera of Ptychanthoideae are highly homoplasious. Spruceanthus differs from Dibrachiella in possessing homogeneous oil bodies.
East Asian origin and Northern Hemisphere diversification in the Brachythecium novae‐angliae‐complex (Bryophyta)
Authors: Huttunen Sanna , Kuznetsova Oxana , Li Min , Wang You-Fang , Ignatov Michael S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractCool climate biomes in the Northern Hemisphere have evolved relatively recently. Temperature decline between the late Eocene and the Pliocene contributed to the evolution of many plant groups in modern cool climate biomes, such as mosses belonging to the Brachythecium novae‐angliae‐complex. The Brachythecium novae‐angliae‐complex comprises three species that have a disjunct distribution in temperate and boreal regions in the Northern Hemisphere. The core species in the complex have only recently been transferred from Bryhnia to Brachythecium and the delimitation of the complex and of species within it still remains uncertain. We reconstructed the evolutionary history of the group using molecular data and estimated the timing of the diversifications in the tree. In addition, we examined the morphology and compared morphological diversification with genetic diversity. The Brachythecium novae‐angliae‐complex diversified in East Asia in the middle Miocene, 9.1 Ma (HPD 95% 3.9–14.8 Myr). Bryhnia trichomitria and B. graminicolor were revealed not to be close relatives of the complex and are therefore transferred to Brachythecium and Koponeniella gen. nov., respectively. Both morphology and molecular data supported the position of Asian Brachythecium noesicum as sister to the Brachythecium novae‐angliae crown clade that includes two species, B. hultenii and B. novae‐angliae. The crown clade diverged at the end of the Miocene, 6.4 Ma (HPD 95% 2.4–11.6 Myr) and its taxa have a disjunct distribution in cool temperate and boreal areas in the Beringia region (B. novae‐angliae subsp. hultenii), and eastern North America and northwestern Europe (B. novae‐angliae subsp. novae‐angliae). In the crown clade the majority of populations belong to one common haplotype present in all three disjunct parts of the distribution area. Despite low variation in DNA sequence data, morphology allows the distinction between B. novae‐angliae subsp. hultenii and B. novae‐angliae subsp. novae‐angliae. Because of weak morphological and genetic differentiation, European Bryhnia scabrida is treated here as a synonym of Brachythecium novae‐angliae subsp. novae‐angliae. Glacial survival during the Quaternary and climatic oscillations during the late Tertiary and Quaternary in East Asia may have resulted in diversification of the complex and enabled adaptation to cool temperate and boreal climates.