bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inflammation and Disease Activity are Associated with High Circulating Cardiac Markers in Rheumatoid Arthritis Independently of Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Authors: Avouac Jérôme , Meune Christophe , Chenevier-Gobeaux Camille , Dieudé Philippe , Borderie Didier , Lefevre Guillaume , Kahan André , Allanore Yannick 
Published: December 2013

Objective.To measure concentrations of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (HS-cTnT) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to examine correlates.Methods.The plasma concentrations of HS-cTnT and NT-proBNP were measured in consecutive patients with RA and compared to values obtained from age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls.Results.We included 236 unrelated patients with RA (192 females, 57 ± 13 yrs) and 213 controls (170 females, 55 ± 15 yrs). Seventy-one patients with RA were free of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. HS-cTnT and NT-proBNP concentrations were significantly higher in the total cohort of patients with RA (p = 0.03 and p < 0.0001, respectively) and in the subgroup free of CV risk factors (p = 0.02 and p < 0.0001, respectively) compared to controls. In addition, both the total cohort of patients with RA and the subgroup free of CV risk factors were more likely to have levels above the cutoff concentrations of HS-cTnT (p = 0.003 and p = 0.007, respectively) and NT-proBNP (p = 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively) than controls. Patients with RA and increased C-reactive protein (CRP) levels had higher HS-cTnT (p = 0.03) and NT-proBNP (p = 0.02) concentrations. HS-cTnT levels positively correlated with the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28-CRP; r = 0.2, p = 0.020). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that increased HS-cTnT levels were independently associated with a DAS28-CRP > 5.1 (OR 11.8; 95% CI 1.6–35.5) and a body mass index > 30 kg/m2 (OR 2.7; 95% CI 1.3–5.5).Conclusion.HS-cTnT and NTproBNP are increased in patients with RA, independent of CV risk factors. The association between HS-cTnT, NT-proBNP, and CRP, together with the correlation between HS-cTnT and disease activity, support the link between myocardial injury/dysfunction and inflammation.
OMERACT Endorsement of Measures of Outcome for Studies of Acute Gout
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Taylor William J. , Dalbeth Nicola , Simon Lee S. , Sundy John , Grainger Rebecca , Alten Rieke , March Lyn , Strand Vibeke , Wells George , Khanna Dinesh , McQueen Fiona , Schlesinger Naomi , Boonen Annelies , Boers Maarten , Saag Kenneth G. , Schumacher H. Ralph , Edwards N. Lawrence 
Published: December 2013

Objective.To determine the extent to which participants at the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) 11 meeting agree that instruments used in clinical trials to measure OMERACT core outcome domains in acute gout fulfill OMERACT filter requirements of truth, discrimination, and feasibility; and where future research efforts need to be directed.Methods.Results of a systematic literature review and analysis of individual-level data from recent clinical studies of acute gout were presented to OMERACT participants. The information was discussed in breakout groups, and opinion was defined by subsequent voting in a plenary session. Endorsement was defined as at least 70% of participants voting in agreement with the proposition (where the denominator excluded those participants who did not vote or who voted “don’t know”).Results.The following measures were endorsed for use in clinical trials of acute gout: (1) 5-point Likert scale and/or visual analog scale (0 to 100 mm) to measure pain; (2) 4-point Likert scale for joint swelling; (3) 4-point Likert scale for joint tenderness; and (4) 5-point Likert scale for patient global assessment of response to treatment. Measures for the activity limitations domain were not endorsed.Conclusion.Measures of pain, joint swelling, joint tenderness, and patient global assessment in acute gout were endorsed at OMERACT 11. These measures should now be used in clinical trials of acute gout.
Un continent de possibles oubliés
Authors: Bertrand Romain 
Published: December 2013

L’histoire globale a tendance à raisonner « en ligne droite » ; elle décentre le regard tout en maintenant souvent la causalité. On voit alors surgir des questionnements sur les origines du capitalisme en Asie à l’époque moderne ; or la distance géographique se double d’une distance temporelle et conceptuelle, qu’il faut analyser à travers des exemples précis. Les relations commerciales entre Hollandais et Indonésiens au xvii e siècle, par exemple, ne sauraient se réduire à une forme de précapitalisme.
Soutenir la mobilisation politique par l'image. Photographie contestataire au Yémen
Authors: Alviso-Marino Anahi 
Published: December 2013

En revenant sur la première phase des mobilisations initiées en 2011 au Yémen, cette contribution reconstitue le récit visuel d’un processus de changement politique « révolutionnaire » à travers le travail de photographes engagés. Analyser la contestation politique à travers la production de photographes qui campent dans un espace occupé pour protester permet de souligner l’usage de ressources visuelles contre la domination. En étudiant l’intersection entre l’espace, la photographie et la contestation, cet article interroge l’usage de la photographie en tant que support protestataire et moyen de sensibilisation politique.
Photographie et film dans les projets urbains participatifs : mont(r)er l'image d'un habitant actif ?
Authors: Mamou Khedidja 
Published: December 2013

Le projet urbain s’accompagne d’un foisonnement de supports de représentation visuelle pour (faire) participer. Si les habitants sont majoritairement « attendus » pour/sur leur savoir d’usage, photo et vidéo ouvrent à la mobilisation d’autres savoirs et concourent à produire et à montrer une image habitante différente. Ces supports semblent servir des prises de parole « équitables », car mieux distribuées, et donnent à voir la part individuelle et collective de la participation. Seulement, si l’habitant participe de cette « part individuelle », il n’est que très rarement invité à participer au montage des représentations collectives (visuelle et sociale) produites par la photo et la vidéo.
Procédure « mini‑public » et eau potable, un couple imbuvable ? La délibération entre spontanéité, concession, glissement et discussion
Authors: Bedu Clémence 
Published: December 2013

Les procédures de type « mini‑public » florissantes aujourd’hui débouchent souvent sur un « avis citoyen » censé éclairer la décision publique. Quelle est la fabrication d’un tel avis ? La délibération y est‑elle vraiment au rendez‑vous ? Fondée sur l’étude d’un « atelier citoyen » portant sur la gouvernance d’un service d’eau potable, notre enquête ethnographique met à l’épreuve le socle normatif de la délibération. Elle décrit la trajectoire multicontingente des recommandations inscrites dans l’avis final pour esquisser les contours d’une critériologie opératoire de la production collective dans ces démarches.
Insertion ou bricolage ?
Authors: Olivera Martin 
Published: December 2013

Les Roms constituent un ensemble de familles migrantes précaires qui, comme d’autres avant elles, vivent en bidonville. Pourtant les autorités publiques peinent à considérer ce qu’elles qualifient de « problème rom » sous les seuls angles du mal-logement et de l’insertion sociale. Est-ce à dire que l’insertion des Roms est trop coûteuse ? Leur prise en charge, qui relève souvent du bricolage, met en lumière les limites du travail social aux prises aux injonctions paradoxales des institutions et du manque de moyens, plus sûrement que les difficultés d’intégration de ces populations.
Citoyenneté et mobilité en Europe
Authors: Habu Groud Thomas 
Published: December 2013

Bien que constamment désignés, dans les discours politiques, comme constituant une catégorie à part, aux caractéristiques culturelles particulières et à la marginalité ancestrale, les Roms en sont identifiés par aucun critère légal, ni en droit français, ni dans le droit de l’Union européenne. Comment alors accéder à la citoyenneté européenne et comment l’exercer en termes de liberté de circulation et de droit au séjour ?
Les droits de la Terre-Mère et le bien vivre, ou les apports des peuples autochtones face à la détérioration de la planète
Authors: Morin Françoise 
Published: December 2013

Face aux répercussions négatives de l’activité humaine sur la nature et l’environnement, les instances onusiennes ont réagi, depuis plus de quarante ans, multipliant les rapports, organisant des sommets, adoptant une Charte mondiale de la Nature et prônant, depuis 1987, « le développement durable ». De leur côté, les peuples autochtones, l’un des groupes les plus touchés par cette dégradation de la planète, luttent pour leur droit au consentement préalable, libre et informé, relatif aux projets d’exploitation de leurs ressources naturelles. Ils prônent les droits de la Terre-Mère. Cet article analyse comment les instances internationales réagissent aux propositions autochtones et montre comment deux pays d’Amérique Latine, la Bolivie et l’Équateur, conçoivent la notion de « bien vivre » comme alternative au développement.
Manifestations et principes de la circulation non marchande dans le Viêt Nam rural à l'époque contemporaine : donner, recevoir et rendre pour s'allier
Authors: Pannier Emmanuel 
Published: December 2013

Cette étude ethnographique de la circulation non marchande dans un village du delta du fleuve Rouge (Viêt Nam) consiste à cerner le phénomène dans sa singularité, en cherchant à voir dans quelle mesure les faits empiriques raisonnent avec les théories existantes sur la question. La mise à jour des caractéristiques de ces transferts non marchands donne à voir un système de dons cérémoniels fondé sur l’entraide, la réciprocité des gestes et l’entretien de dettes morales, dont les effets principaux consistent à tisser et entretenir un lien affectif interpersonnel ( quan hẹ tình cảm ). Dans ce contexte, où les sphères de l’État et du marché ne suffisent pas à produire la confiance nécessaire aux échanges ni à réguler les relations, les dons d’alliance – et les relations personnelles affectives qu’ils nourrissent – s’affirment de fait comme un élément pivot du vivre-ensemble dans le Viêt Nam rural.
Les belles choses sont difficiles
Authors: Xu Yi Bing 
Published: December 2013

On cherche toujours l’esthétique ; même si on ne sait pas vraiment ce que c’est et pourquoi on la recherche. L’esthétique traditionnelle chinoise considère que la symétrie est la beauté, et la clé de cette beauté consiste dans le troisième élément pouvant déterminer la symétrie, c’est-à-dire ce que l’on appelle « déterminant », « délimitant » ou « reliant ». L’essence du troisième élément réside dans le sens. Dans la vie quotidienne, on utilise d’une part le sens pour organiser sa vie et d’autre part, par l’« élaboration » du sens, on veut agir sur l’autre.
Smooth Muscle Cells Relay Acute Pulmonary Inflammation via Distinct ADAM17/ErbB Axes
Authors: Dreymueller Daniela , Martin Christian , Schumacher Julian , Groth Esther , Boehm Julia Katharina , Reiss Lucy Kathleen , Uhlig Stefan , Ludwig Andreas 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In acute pulmonary inflammation, danger is first recognized by epithelial cells lining the alveolar lumen and relayed to vascular responses, including leukocyte recruitment and increased endothelial permeability. We supposed that this inflammatory relay critically depends on the immunological function of lung interstitial cells such as smooth muscle cells (SMC). Mice with smooth muscle protein-22α promotor-driven deficiency of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) 17 (SM22-Adam17−/−) were investigated in models of acute pulmonary inflammation (LPS, cytokine, and acid instillation). Underlying signaling mechanisms were identified in cultured tracheal SMC and verified by in vivo reconstitution experiments. SM22-Adam17−/− mice showed considerably decreased cytokine production and vascular responses in LPS- or acid-induced pulmonary inflammation. In vitro, ADAM17 deficiency abrogated cytokine release of primary SMC stimulated with LPS or supernatant of acid-exposed epithelial cells. This was explained by a loss of ADAM17-mediated growth factor shedding. LPS responses required ErbB1/epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation by TGFα, whereas acid responses required ErbB4 transactivation by neuregulins. Finally, LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation in SM22-Adam17−/− mice was restored by exogenous TGFα application, confirming the involvement of transactivation pathways in vivo. This highlights a new decisive immunological role of lung interstitial cells such as SMC in promoting acute pulmonary inflammation by ADAM17-dependent transactivation.
"DREEM" comes true - Students′ perceptions of educational environment in an Indian medical school
Authors: Kiran HS , Gowdappa Basavana H 
Published: December 2013

Background:
The accomplishment and contentment of students depends upon their educational environment. Very few studies in India have looked at the impact of educational environment on students, there are few such studies in our country despite having a large number of medical schools.

Objective:
This study was performed to assess the undergraduate students’ perceptions of medical education in general and educational environment in our medical school in particular.

Materials and Methods:
The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM), a validated inventory was distributed among undergraduate students in final Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) (2010-2011) and students who were undergoing internship (2010-2011) and various scores were calculated and the means were compared using Mann-Whitney test.

Results:
The mean total DREEM score was found to be 121.5/200 for final MBBS students (n = 115) and 118.4/200 (n = 109) for the internship batch students. There was no statistically significant difference between the scores of the two batches. The overall DREEM score for our Medical School during the academic year 2010-2011 (for the final MBBS and internship batch) was 120/200 (n = 224), which showed that the students’ perceptions were more positive.

Conclusion:
The study showed that the students’ perception of the educational environment was positive. There was no statistically significant difference between the scores of the two batches (final MBBS and internship). This study helped us to introspect and identify remediable areas in the educational environment of our medical school and hence we could suggest some measures to modify them.
Do models of organic carbon mineralization extrapolate to warmer tropical sediments?
Authors: Cardoso Simone J. , Enrich-Prast Alex , Pace Michael L. , Roland Fábio 
Published: December 2013

Freshwater sediments are important sites of organic carbon (OC) burial and mineralization. Previous studies indicate that warming can increase rates of OC mineralization, implying more CO2 release from sediments and, consequently, less OC burial, but temperatures typical of tropical ecosystems are poorly represented in the models of temperature and OC mineralization. We measured OC mineralization rates in 61 Brazilian tropical systems, including rivers, streams, lakes, coastal lagoons, and reservoirs from different regions (Pantanal, Amazonia, Atlantic Forest, and coastal areas). Oxygen consumption and dissolved inorganic carbon production in sediment core incubations were used for estimating OC mineralization rates. Multiple regression models were used to investigate the importance of temperature and other variables to predict OC mineralization. The average OC mineralization rate for all systems was 1223 ± 950 mg C m‒2 d‒1. Rates increased significantly with increasing temperature and varied across system types and regions. In addition, salinity, total nitrogen, and chlorophyll a were important factors controlling OC mineralization in tropical sediments. The pattern of increasing mineralization with temperature was remarkably consistent with theoretical and empirical expectations. The explanatory power of previous temperature vs. mineralization models is confirmed and enhanced by the addition of the tropical data that substantially extended the temperature range.
Selectivity by planktivorous fish at different prey densities, heterogeneities, and spatial scales
Authors: Maszczyk Piotr , Gliwicz Z. Maciej 
Published: December 2013

Studies in artificially confined, small‐scale experimental systems with a homogeneous prey distribution suggest that selectivity in planktivorous fish for more conspicuous and rewarding prey (such as adult Daphnia with eggs in the brood cavities) is stronger at high than at low prey population density. We examined whether prey selectivity is altered when fish are allowed to feed in larger scale systems and on more heterogeneously distributed prey. The experimental system was comprised of 1000 liter tanks (one, four, or eight), interconnected to allow free movement of roach (Rutilus rutilus, eight per tank), with different densities of Daphnia prey, distributed with varying levels of homogeneity. As reported previously, the selectivity of roach increased at higher Daphnia densities, but only in small‐scale systems where prey distribution was homogeneous. However, the opposite was found in large‐scale systems with heterogeneous prey distribution, i.e., greater selectivity at lower prey densities. The reversed slope of the selectivity‐on‐prey‐density regression was linked to increased swimming speed at low prey density, where the fish, less constrained by the limited size of the experimental system, accelerate, possibly in an effort to compensate for low encounter rate and to more rapidly locate patches of prey. More selective feeding on scarce and patchy prey may result from the decreased relative visibility of smaller prey and from the increased capture costs due to the need to expend more energy for postcapture accelerations to regain a higher speed.
Thermal structure and variability of a shallow tropical reservoir
Authors: Xing Zikun , Fong Derek A. , Yat-Man Lo Edmond , Monismith Stephen G. 
Published: December 2013

The structure and mixing dynamics of shallow tropical reservoirs was investigated using data collected in the Kranji Reservoir in Singapore. Water temperature data spanning a 2 month period in 2007 shows that diurnal cycles of stratification and destratification were formed in various locations in the reservoir. Temperature stratification of 0.5°C to 3.5°C was formed during the daylight hours and reduced nightly when cooling occurred. Substantial horizontal redistribution of heat was also observed between the side arms and the main body of the reservoir. The Kranji's dynamics can be summarized in terms of three physical forcing regimes: a solar radiation—dominated regime, a windy regime, and a cold inflow regime. We delineate the three physical forcing regimes by two potentially useful dimensionless numbers that quantify the relative influences of surface heating, wind stirring, and inflow buoyancy fluxes. For most of the measurement period (88% of the data record), the solar radiation—dominated regime characterized the hydrodynamics. In spite of the dominance of solar radiation in setting local stratification, it is shown that Kranji Reservoir is a three‐dimensional system in which there can be significant variations in temperature in the vertical and along‐reservoir directions, as determined by cold inflow events, differential heating, and reservoir releases. Moreover, the data suggest that the dynamical balance of the Kranji system is sensitive to small forcing events, with the timescales of stratification and mixing as short as a day or less.
The Great Salt Lake's monimolimnion and its importance for mercury bioaccumulation in brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana)
Authors: Jones Erin F. , Wurtsbaugh Wayne A. 
Published: December 2013

The Great Salt Lake (Utah) is divided by a railroad causeway that causes the lake's south arm to be chemically stratified, when saltier, denser water from the north underflows into the south, creating an anoxic, sulfide‐rich deep brine layer that accumulates high levels of total mercury (Hg; 59 ng L−1) and methylmercury (33 ng L−1). Approximately 40% of this water is advected into the upper mixed layer annually. High mercury levels of brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana) in the mixed layer are passed to waterfowl, creating a human health hazard. We hypothesized that high mercury levels in Artemia are due to exposure when mercury is mixed into the upper layer or when they feed on mercury‐rich organic matter in the chemocline separating the two layers. Surprisingly, in aquaria growth experiments with 0%, 10%, or 25% deep brine water, Artemia exposed to progressively higher concentrations of mercury had significantly less mercury. In column experiments simulating a lake with a deep brine layer, Artemia grazed in the chemocline, but they also had lower mercury concentrations than Artemia in controls without a deep brine layer. This was due to detrital dilution of the mercury because the deep brine layer has very high particulate organic carbon (POC; 11.0 mg C L−1), which reduced the Hg : POC ratio of food 7‐fold compared to that in the overlying mixed layer. Consequently, although Artemia are exposed to the high concentrations of methylmercury generated in the deep layer, the detrimental effect is partially ameliorated by detrital dilution of the mercury.
Sea temperature shapes seasonal fluctuations in seaweed biomass within the Ningaloo coral reef ecosystem
Authors: Fulton Christopher J. , Depczynski Martial. , Holmes Thomas H. , Noble Mae M. , Radford Ben , Wernberg Thomas , Wilson Shaun K. 
Published: December 2013

Environmental drivers of seaweed biomass were investigated at Ningaloo, Western Australia, a coral reef ecosystem with negligible anthropogenic influences on seaweeds from fishing, farming, or eutrophication. Periodic surveys of benthic macroalgae occupying seaweed‐dominated beds within the lagoon at two locations (Coral Bay, Tantabiddi) were made during winter, spring, and late summer over a 26 month period. Canopy‐forming Sargassum spp. biomass fluctuated over a seasonal growth—decay cycle, with highest values in the warm summer months (up to 1013 g fresh weight 0.25 m−2 at Coral Bay) and lowest values in winter (down to 155 g fresh weight 0.25 m−2 at Tantabiddi). Conversely, prominent understory seaweed genera Dictyopteris and Lobophora reached peak biomass in winter, when the Sargassum spp. canopy was lowest. Sargassum spp. biomass variation could be attributed largely to time (52%), location (21%), and site (26%), with low variation within individual seaweed beds (1%). Statistical analysis of the influence of five environmental variables (temperature, light, wind‐driven upwelling, rainfall, significant wave height) indicated that location and sea temperature (1 month antecedent to biomass) provided the best explanation for Sargassum spp. biomass fluctuations. While sea temperature is a key driver of seaweed temporal dynamics, heterogeneity at the kilometer scale suggests that spatial context is also important. Given the important role of seaweeds in many ecosystem processes, this strong biophysical coupling between Sargassum spp. biomass and sea temperature suggests that thermal climate change will significantly affect coral reef productivity and biodiversity.