bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between obstructive sleep apnea severity and glucose control in patients with untreated versus treated diabetes
Authors: Priou Pascaline , Le Vaillant Marc , Meslier Nicole , Chollet Sylvaine , Pigeanne Thierry , Masson Philippe , Bizieux‐Thaminy Acya , Humeau Marie‐Pierre , Goupil François , Ducluzeau Pierre‐Henri , Gagnadoux Frédéric ,   The IRSR sleep cohort group
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine whether the association between obstructive sleep apnea severity and glucose control differs between patients with newly diagnosed and untreated type 2 diabetes, and patients with known and treated type 2 diabetes. This multicentre cross‐sectional study included 762 patients investigated by sleep recording for suspected obstructive sleep apnea, 497 of whom were previously diagnosed and treated for type 2 diabetes (treated diabetic patients), while 265 had no medical history of diabetes but had fasting blood glucose ≥126 mg dL−1 and/or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5% consistent with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (untreated diabetic patients). Multivariate regression analyses were performed to evaluate the independent association between HbA1c and obstructive sleep apnea severity in treated and untreated patients with diabetes. In untreated diabetic patients, HbA1c was positively associated with apnea–hypopnea index (P = 0.0007) and 3% oxygen desaturation index (P = 0.0016) after adjustment for age, gender, body mass index, alcohol habits, metabolic dyslipidaemia, hypertension, statin use and study site. The adjusted mean value of HbA1c increased from 6.68% in the lowest quartile of the apnea–hypopnea index (<17) to 7.20% in the highest quartile of the apnea–hypopnea index (>61; P = 0.033 for linear trend). In treated patients with diabetes, HbA1c was associated with non‐sleep variables, including age, metabolic dyslipidaemia and insulin use, but not with obstructive sleep apnea severity. Obstructive sleep apnea may adversely affect glucose control in patients with newly diagnosed and untreated type 2 diabetes, but may have a limited impact in patients with overt type 2 diabetes receiving anti‐diabetic medications.
The Real Dirt on Responsible Agricultural Investments at Rio+20: Multilateralism versus Corporate Self-Regulation
Authors: Müller Birgit , Cloiseau Gilles 
Published: February 2015

This article uses a fine-grained anthropological and linguistic analysis to expose the routine negotiating practices and power games behind the conclusion of paragraph 115 on responsible agricultural investments during the Rio+20 Conference in June 2012. These negotiations are simultaneously a telling example for the quotidian stuff of international governance—an arena in which much larger forces are played out through small language-based tactics, and they are representative of an exceptional moment when global multilateral policy making in the frame of the United Nations was challenged by the legitimation of private authority and corporate self-regulation. Combining anthropological and linguistic methods, the article focused on language use, analyzing the ways in which people interact in a highly coded language, how they “perform,” by exploring, playing with, and twisting the grammatical structures of the spoken language. At issue is the large-scale appropriation of agricultural land all over the world by multinational corporations, investment funds, and foreign governments.
115. We reaffirm the important work and inclusive nature of the Committee on World Food Security (CFS), including through its role in facilitating country-initiated assessments on sustainable food production and food security, and we encourage countries to give due consideration to implementing the CFS Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure of Land, Fisheries and Forests in the Context of National Food Security. We take note of the on-going discussions on responsible agricultural investment in the framework of the CFS, as well as the Principles for Responsible Agricultural Investment (PRAI).
Petrography and composition of Martian regolith breccia meteorite Northwest Africa 7475
Authors: Wittmann Axel , Korotev Randy L. , Jolliff Bradley L. , Irving Anthony J. , Moser Desmond E. , Barker Ivan , Rumble Douglas 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Northwest Africa (NWA) 7475 meteorite is one of the several stones of paired regolith breccias from Mars based on petrography, oxygen isotope, mineral compositions, and bulk rock compositions. Its inventory of lithic clasts is dominated by vitrophyre impact melts that were emplaced while they were still molten. Other clast types include crystallized impact melt rocks, evolved plutonic rocks, possible basalts, contact metamorphosed rocks, and siltstones. Impact spherules and vitrophyre shards record airborne transport, and accreted dust rims were sintered on most clasts, presumably during residence in an ejecta plume. The clast assemblage records at least three impact events, one that formed an impact melt sheet on Mars ≤4.4 Ga ago, a second that assembledNWA7475 from impactites associated with the impact melt sheet at 1.7–1.4 Ga, and a third that launchedNWA7475 from Mars ~5 Ma ago. Mildly shocked pyroxene and plagioclase constrain shock metamorphic conditions during launch to >5 and <15 GPa. The mild postshock‐heating that resulted from these shock pressures would have been insufficient to sterilize this water‐bearing lithology during launch. Magnetite, maghemite, and pyrite are likely products of secondary alteration on Mars. Textural relationships suggest that calcium‐carbonate and goethite are probably of terrestrial origin, yet trace element chemistry indicates relatively low terrestrial alteration. Comparison of Mars Odyssey gamma‐ray spectrometer data with the Fe and Th abundances ofNWA7475 points to a provenance in the ancient southern highlands of Mars. Gratteri crater, with an age of ~5 Ma and an apparent diameter of 6.9 km, marks one possible launch site ofNWA7475.
Jasmonate‐dependent depletion of soluble sugars compromises plant resistance to Manduca sexta
Authors: Machado Ricardo A. R. , Arce Carla C. M. , Ferrieri Abigail P. , Baldwin Ian T. , Erb Matthias 
Published: February 2015

Summary

Jasmonates regulate plant secondary metabolism and herbivore resistance. How they influence primary metabolites and how this may affect herbivore growth and performance are not well understood.

We profiled sugars and starch of jasmonate biosynthesis‐deficient and jasmonate‐insensitive Nicotiana attenuata plants and manipulated leaf carbohydrates through genetic engineering and in vitro complementation to assess how jasmonate‐dependent sugar accumulation affects the growth of Manduca sexta caterpillars.

We found that jasmonates reduce the constitutive and herbivore‐induced concentration of glucose and fructose in the leaves across different developmental stages. Diurnal, jasmonate‐dependent inhibition of invertase activity was identified as a likely mechanism for this phenomenon. Contrary to our expectation, both in planta and in vitro approaches showed that the lower sugar concentrations led to increased M. sexta growth. As a consequence, jasmonate‐dependent depletion of sugars rendered N. attenuata plants more susceptible to M. sexta attack.

In conclusion, jasmonates are important regulators of leaf carbohydrate accumulation and this determines herbivore growth. Jasmonate‐dependent resistance is reduced rather than enhanced through the suppression of glucose and fructose concentrations, which may contribute to the evolution of divergent resistance strategies of plants in nature.
Two guard cell mitogen‐activated protein kinases, MPK9 and MPK12, function in methyl jasmonate‐induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Khokon Md. A. R. , Salam M. A. , Jammes F. , Ye W. , Hossain M. A. , Uraji M. , Nakamura Y. , Mori I. C. , Kwak J. M. , Murata Y. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMethyl jasmonate (MeJA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signalling cascades share several signalling components in guard cells. We previously showed that two guard cell‐preferential mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), MPK9 and MPK12, positively regulate ABA signalling in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we examined whether these two MAP kinases function in MeJA signalling using genetic mutants for MPK9 and MPK12 combined with a pharmacological approach. MeJA induced stomatal closure in mpk9‐1 and mpk12‐1 single mutants as well as wild‐type plants, but not in mpk9‐1 mpk12‐1 double mutants. Consistently, the MAPKK inhibitor PD98059 inhibited the MeJA‐induced stomatal closure in wild‐type plants. MeJA elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cytosolic alkalisation in guard cells of the mpk9‐1, mpk12‐1 and mpk9‐1 mpk12‐1 mutants, as well in wild‐type plants. Furthermore, MeJA triggered elevation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in the mpk9‐1 mpk12‐1 double mutant as well as wild‐type plants. Activation of S‐type anion channels by MeJA was impaired in mpk9‐1 mpk12‐1. Together, these results indicate that MPK9 and MPK12 function upstream of S‐type anion channel activation and downstream of ROS production, cytosolic alkalisation and [Ca2+]cyt elevation in guard cell MeJA signalling, suggesting that MPK9 and MPK12 are key regulators mediating both ABA and MeJA signalling in guard cells.
Microbial deposits in the aftermath of the end‐Permian mass extinction: A diverging case from the Mineral Mountains (Utah, USA)
Authors: Vennin Emmanuelle , Olivier Nicolas , Brayard Arnaud , Bour Ivan , Thomazo Christophe , Escarguel Gilles , Fara Emmanuel , Bylund Kevin G. , Jenks James F. , Stephen Daniel A. , Hofmann Richard 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Lower Triassic Mineral Mountains area (Utah, USA) preserves diversified Smithian and Spathian reefs and bioaccumulations that contain fenestral‐microbialites and various benthic and pelagic organisms. Ecological and environmental changes during the Early Triassic are commonly assumed to be associated with numerous perturbations (productivity changes, acidifica‐tion, redox changes, hypercapnia, eustatism and temperature changes) post‐dating the Permian–Triassic mass extinction. New data acquired in the Mineral Mountains sediments provide evidence to decipher the relationships between depositional environments and the growth and distribution of microbial structures. These data also help to understand better the controlling factors acting upon sedimentation and community turnovers through the Smithian–early Spathian. The studied section records a large‐scale depositional sequence during the Dienerian(?)–Spathian interval. During the transgression, depositional environments evolved from a coastal bay with continental deposits to intertidal fenestral–microbial limestones, shallow subtidal marine sponge–microbial reefs to deep subtidal mud‐dominated limestones. Storm‐induced deposits, microbialite–sponge reefs and shallow subtidal deposits indicate the regression. Three microbialite associations occur in ascending order: (i) a red beds microbialite association deposited in low‐energy hypersaline supratidal conditions where microbialites consist of microbial mats and poorly preserved microbially induced sedimentary structure; (ii) a Smithian microbialite association formed in moderate to high‐energy, tidal conditions where microbialites include stromatolites and associated carbonate grains (oncoids, ooids and peloids); and (iii) a Spathian microbialite association developed in low‐energy offshore conditions that is preserved as multiple decimetre thick isolated domes and coalescent domes. Data indicate that the morphologies of the three microbialite associations are controlled primarily by accommodation, hydrodynamics, bathymetry and grain supply. This study suggests that microbial constructions are controlled by changes between trapping and binding versus precipitation processes in variable hydrodynamic conditions. Due to the presence of numerous metazoans associated with microbialites throughout the Smithian increase in accommodation and Spathian decrease in accommodation, the commonly assumed anachronistic character of the Early Triassic microbialites and the traditional view of prolonged deleterious conditions during the Early Triassic time interval is questioned.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF) directly from positive blood culture flasks allows rapid identification of bloodstream infections in immunosuppressed hosts
Authors: Egli A. , Osthoff M. , Goldenberger D. , Halter J. , Schaub S. , Steiger J. , Weisser M. , Frei R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroductionIn immunosuppressed hosts, rapid identification of microorganisms of bloodstream infections is crucial to ensuring effective antimicrobial therapy. Conventional culture requires up to 72 h from sample collection to pathogen identification.MethodsWe used the SepsiTyper Kit and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF; Microflex, Bruker) directly from positive blood culture (BacT/ALERT 3D, FN/FA vials; bioMérieux) in comparison to standard culture methodology (VITEK 2; bioMérieux) for species identification.ResultsA total of 62 consecutive positive blood cultures from immunosuppressed patients (solid organ or hematopoietic transplant recipients, or with febrile neutropenia) were analyzed. Culture yielded gram‐negative bacteria (GNB) in 27/62 (43.5%) and gram‐positive (GPB) in 35/62 (56.5%) vials. For GNB, the predominant species identified by MALDI‐TOF and confirmed by VITEK were Escherichia coli (16/16 correctly identified) and Enterobacter cloacae (4/4), with a sensitivity and specificity of 92.6% and 100%, respectively. For GPB, predominant species were Staphylococcus aureus (3/3), coagulase‐negative staphylococci (12/24), and Enterococcus faecium (6/6) with a sensitivity of 100%, 60%, and 100%, respectively. The median time from blood collection to species identification was 27.4 h with MALDI‐TOF identification and 46.6 h with conventional methodology.ConclusionUsing MALDI‐TOF directly from positive blood cultures allowed a shorter time to identification with high sensitivity and specificity in immunosuppressed patients.
Molecular techniques to interrogate and edit the Chlamydomonas nuclear genome
Authors: Jinkerson Robert E. , Jonikas Martin C. 
Published: February 2015

SummaryThe success of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model organism is to a large extent due to the wide range of molecular techniques that are available for its characterization. Here, we review some of the techniques currently used to modify and interrogate the C. reinhardtii nuclear genome and explore several technologies under development. Nuclear mutants can be generated with ultraviolet (UV) light and chemical mutagens, or by insertional mutagenesis. Nuclear transformation methods include biolistic delivery, agitation with glass beads, and electroporation. Transforming DNA integrates into the genome at random sites, and multiple strategies exist for mapping insertion sites. A limited number of studies have demonstrated targeted modification of the nuclear genome by approaches such as zinc‐finger nucleases and homologous recombination. RNA interference is widely used to knock down expression levels of nuclear genes. A wide assortment of transgenes has been successfully expressed in the Chlamydomonas nuclear genome, including transformation markers, fluorescent proteins, reporter genes, epitope tagged proteins, and even therapeutic proteins. Optimized expression constructs and strains help transgene expression. Emerging technologies such as the CRISPR/Cas9 system, high‐throughput mutant identification, and a whole‐genome knockout library are being developed for this organism. We discuss how these advances will propel future investigations.
Yamuna Kachru and world Englishes
Authors: BOLTON KINGSLEY 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTProfessor Yamuna Kachru brought an enormous energy and commitment to the world Englishes (WE) enterprise over three decades. Her research and publications were characterized by a unique intelligence, informed by her expert knowledge of South Asian linguistics, as well as a lively and curious intellect fascinated by many other aspects of language studies. Her contribution to world Englishes was lucidly informed by her own experiences of India and by her deep and comprehensive research on South Asian languages. The arc of her research career can be traced from South Asian linguistics through contrastive discourse analysis to a wide variety of research and publications on world Englishes, about which she co‐authored three volumes, and published more than forty research papers. Her work continues to serve as an inspiration for WE scholars and students throughout the world.
Mapping Yamunaji's scholarly tributaries: Childhood education and professional writing
Authors: PANDEY ANITA 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper recognizes and celebrates Dr. Yamuna Kachru's multiple research contributions. Continuing with the metaphor of the powerful River Yamuna that the preceding paper uses, this one explores two tributaries or, more specifically, two applications of her research, namely, the value of her contributions to the field of childhood education and to professional communication. Implications and directions for future research are also outlined.
Professor Yamuna Kachru's scholarly work: A bibliography
Authors: BOLTON KINGSLEY , SMITH LARRY E. , SRIDHAR S. N. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThis article comprises an extensive bibliography that maps the arc of Professor Yamuna Kachru's publications over a period of forty‐six years, from 1965–2011. This bibliography not only reflects the productivity of Professor Kachru's scholarly endeavors, but also provides a testament to the breadth and diversity of her academic and research interests, which is also the focus of the substantive articles contributed to this special issue. It is our intention that this bibliography should not only stand as a record of a remarkable and inspiring academic leader, but also as a point of reference for future generations of scholars, who, in their turn, will be inspired by her research.
With admiration, gratitude, and deep respect: In honor of Professor Yamuna Kachru (1933–2013)
Authors: BOLTON KINGSLEY , DAVIS DANIEL R. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTProfessor Yamuna Kachru spent her early years in India, where she completed her BA and MA studies in Hindi language and literature, as well as a Diploma in Linguistics. She went to the UK in 1959, where she taught at SOAS, and completed her PhD. In 1965 she moved to the University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign to join her husband Professor Braj B. Kachru in the Linguistics Department. Over the course of her career she published an impressive body of work that included research on South Asian linguistics, Hindi language studies, applied linguistics, Asian Englishes, contrastive rhetoric, discourse analysis, and cross‐cultural communication. Her many awards include the Presidential Award for her research and publications on Hindi linguistics, which she received from the President of India in 2006. The collection of papers in this special issue pays tribute to her life and work, with much admiration, gratitude and deep respect.
Poly‐N‐acetyl glucosamine nanofibers for negative‐pressure wound therapies
Authors: Fulco Ilario , Erba Paolo , Valeri Robert C. , Vournakis John , Schaefer Dirk J 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe wound healing promoting effect of negative wound pressure therapies (NPWT) takes place at the wound interface. The use of bioactive substances at this site represents a major research area for the development of future NPWT therapies. To assess wound healing kinetics in pressure ulcers treated by NPWT with or without the use of a thin interface membrane consisting of poly‐N‐acetyl glucosamine nanofibers (sNAG) a prospective randomized clinical trial was performed. The safety of the combination of NPWT and sNAG was also assessed in patients treated with antiplatelet drugs. In the performed study, the combination of NPWT and sNAG in 10 patients compared to NPWT alone in 10 patients promoted wound healing due to an improved contraction of the wound margins (p = 0.05) without a change in wound epithelization. In 6 patients treated with antiplatelet drugs no increased wound bleeding was observed in patients treated by NPWT and sNAG. In conclusion, the application of thin membranes of sNAG nanofibers at the wound interface using NPWT was safe and augmented the action of NPWT leading to improved wound healing due to a stimulation of wound contraction.
Topical administration of a connexin43‐based peptide augments healing of chronic neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers: A multicenter, randomized trial
Authors: Grek Christina L. , Prasad G.M. , Viswanathan Vijay , Armstrong David G. , Gourdie Robert G. , Ghatnekar Gautam S. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTNonhealing neuropathic foot ulcers remain a significant problem in individuals with diabetes. The gap‐junctional protein connexin43 (Cx43) has roles in dermal wound healing and targeting Cx43 signalling accelerates wound reepithelialization. In a prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial we evaluated the efficacy and safety of a peptide mimetic of the C‐terminus of Cx43, alpha connexin carboxy‐terminal (ACT1), in accelerating the healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) when incorporated into standard of care (SOC) protocols. Adults with DFUs of at least four weeks duration were randomized to receive SOC with or without topical application of ACT1. Primary outcome was mean percent ulcer reepithelialization and safety variables included incidence of treatment related adverse events (AEs) and detection of ACT1 immunogenicity. ACT1 treatment was associated with a significantly greater reduction in mean percent ulcer area from baseline to 12 weeks (72.1% vs. 57.1%; p = 0.03). Analysis of incidence and median time‐to‐complete‐ulcer closure revealed that ACT1 treatment was associated with a greater percentage of participants that reached 100% ulcer reepitheliazation and a reduced median time‐to‐complete‐ulcer closure. No AEs reported were treatment related, and ACT1 was not immunogenic. Treatment protocols that incorporate ACT1 may present a therapeutic strategy that safely augments the reepithelialization of chronic DFUs.
Gas Turbine Compartment Ventilation System
Authors: Kothakapu Divya , Avishetti Srinivas 
Published: February 2015

The configuration of the compartment ventilation system is an important requirement in the gas turbine industry. The purpose of heating and ventilation system is to keep the turbine compartment within a fixed temperature envelope for at least personnel safety, equipment protection and reduction of turbine distortion by maintaining circumferentially uniform temperature distribution. The ventilation system also provides capability to detect and dilute the leaks by continually purging potential gas build up areas. Displacement ventilation is commonly used for the above considerations.
The current GE approach is to perform CFD analysis to quantify the ventilation fan flow rate and arrive at fan static pressure head through simplified 1-D calculations.
A detailed CFD geometric model is developed by including the entire turbine, piping, major support structure, all components with stringent temperature limits, ventilation inlets and outlets, enclosure roof and walls to verify the flow field. The fan static pressure head for various ambient conditions is obtained through 1-D calculations using the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) duct-fitting database.
The goal of this work is: (1) accurate modeling of the components within the enclosure for better prediction of component temperatures; (2) consideration of solar radiation; and (3) integration of the 1-Dimensional Flowmaster models and 3-Dimensional CFD results to improve the predictions from One-Dimensional model.