bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beliefs about Penis Size: Validation of a Scale for Men Ashamed about Their Penis Size
Authors: Veale David , Eshkevari Ertimiss , Read Julie , Miles Sarah , Troglia Andrea , Phillips Rachael , Echeverria Lina Maria Carmona , Fiorito Chiara , Wylie Kevan , Muir Gordon 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Introduction
No measures are available for understanding beliefs in men who experience shame about the perceived size of their penis. Such a measure might be helpful for treatment planning, and measuring outcome after any psychological or physical intervention.

Aim
Our aim was to validate a newly developed measure called the Beliefs about Penis Size Scale (BAPS).

Method
One hundred seventy-three male participants completed a new questionnaire consisting of 18 items to be validated and developed into the BAPS, as well as various other standardized measures. A urologist also measured actual penis size.

Main Outcome Measures
The BAPS was validated against six psychosexual self-report questionnaires as well as penile size measurements.

Results
Exploratory factor analysis reduced the number of items in the BAPS from 18 to 10, which was best explained by one factor. The 10-item BAPS had good internal consistency and correlated significantly with measures of depression, anxiety, body image quality of life, social anxiety, erectile function, overall satisfaction, and the importance attached to penis size. The BAPS was not found to correlate with actual penis size. It was able to discriminate between those who had concerns or were dissatisfied about their penis size and those who were not.

Conclusions
This is the first study to develop a scale for measurement of beliefs about penis size. It may be used as part of an assessment for men who experience shame about the perceived size of their penis and as an outcome measure after treatment. The BAPS measures various manifestations of masculinity and shame about their perceived penis size including internal self-evaluative beliefs; negative evaluation by others; anticipated consequences of a perceived small penis, and extreme self-consciousness.
Impact of Prostate Cancer on Sexual Relationships: A Longitudinal Perspective on Intimate Partners' Experiences
Authors: Ramsey Scott D. , Zeliadt Steven B. , Blough David K. , Moinpour Carol M. , Hall Ingrid J. , Smith Judith Lee , Ekwueme Donatus U. , Fedorenko Catherine R. , Fairweather Megan E. , Koepl Lisel M. , Thompson Ian M. , Keane Thomas E. , Penson David F. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In this prospective study of localized prostate cancer patients and their partners, we analyzed how partner issues evolve over time, focusing on satisfaction with care, influence of cancer treatment, and its impact on relationship with patient, cancer worry, and personal activities.

Aims
Our study aims were twofold: (i) to determine whether the impact of treatment on patients and partners moderate over time and (ii) if receiving surgery (i.e., radical prostatectomy) influences partner issues more than other treatments.

Methods
Patients newly diagnosed with localized prostate cancer and their female partners were recruited from three states to complete surveys by mail at three time points over 12 months.

Main Outcome Measures
The four primary outcomes assessed in the partner analysis included satisfaction with treatment, cancer worry, and the influence of cancer and its treatment on their relationship (both general relationship and sexual relationship).

Results
This analysis included 88 patient–partner pairs. At 6 months, partners reported that cancer had a negative impact on their sexual relationship (39%—somewhat negative and 12%—very negative). At 12 months, this proportion increased substantially (42%—somewhat negative and 29%—very negative). Partners were significantly more likely to report that their sexual relationship was worse when the patient reported having surgery (P = 0.0045, odds ratio = 9.8025, 95% confidence interval 2.076–46.296). A minority of partners reported significant negative impacts in other areas involving their personal activities (16% at 6 months and 25% at 12 months) or work life (6% at 6 months, which increased to 12% at 12 months).

Conclusion
From partners' perspectives, prostate cancer therapy has negative impact on sexual relationships and appears to worsen over time.
Coadministration of Anastrozole Sustains Therapeutic Testosterone Levels in Hypogonadal Men Undergoing Testosterone Pellet Insertion
Authors: Mechlin Clay W. , Frankel Jason , McCullough Andrew 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Current U.S. Food and Drug Administration–approved therapies for hypogonadism involve testosterone (T) replacement. Testosterone pellets (TP) require a minor office procedure every 3 to 4 months. The need for repeated insertions increases the likelihood of a complication. Anastrozole (AZ) is an aromatase inhibitor that has been used off-label for the treatment of male hypogonadism. AZ increases T levels by lowering serum estradiol (E2) levels and increasing gonadotropin (GTP) levels.

Aim
We hypothesized that the concomitant use of AZ with TP insertions would sustain therapeutic T levels and increase the interval between TP insertions.

Methods
Men treated with TP for hypogonadism at an academic center were offered AZ (1 mg/day) at the time of TP reinsertion as a way of potentially decreasing the frequency of TP insertions. Total T (TT), free T (FT), sex hormone binding globulin, E2, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone FSH levels were obtained prior to T replacement and at 6 and 15 weeks from TP insertion. Men were re-implanted at 16 weeks if their TT levels were less than 350 ng/dL and their symptoms recurred. We retrospectively reviewed our records of men who underwent TP, TP, and AZ from 2011 to 2012. Demographics, TT, FT, LH, FSH, and E2 levels were recorded. Data were analyzed with anova and a Tukey's test.

Main Outcome Measure
TT level at 6, 15, or &gt;15 weeks from TP insertion.

Results
Thirty-eight men with 65 insertions were analyzed. The TP AZ group had significantly higher TT and FT levels than the TP group at &gt;120 days (P &lt; 0.05). The TP group had significantly higher E2 levels at all time points (P &lt; 0.01). GTP levels remained stable in the TP AZ group. Average time to reinsertion in TP AZ was 198 days vs. 128 days in the TP group.

Conclusion
Men on TP AZ maintain therapeutic T levels longer than men on TP alone and have significantly less GTP suppression.
Psychotherapy Improved the Sleep Quality in a Patient Who Was a Victim of Child Sexual Abuse: A Case Report
Authors: Coelho Glaury A. , Rodrigues Elisa , Andersen Monica L. , Tufik Sergio , Hachul Helena 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Victims of child sexual abuse (CSA) often experience symptoms such as recurrent nightmares, which affect their adult life.

Aim
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of psychotherapy on the quality of life and sleep in a female patient with a previous history of CSA.

Methods
The patient was climacteric (menopausal transition) and treated in an outpatient clinic. She underwent 40 sessions of psychotherapy and was evaluated before and after the sessions using questionnaires and polysomnography (PSG).

Main Outcome Measures
Measurements were taken using the following: Kupperman Index (KI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire, and PSG. Reports of dream content were also evaluated during the study.

Results
After psychotherapeutic intervention, the frequency of nightmares and their attendant suffering decreased. Additionally, the context of the nightmares changed, and a decrease was noted in the KI, BAI, and BDI parameters. The PSG indicated an increase in rapid eye movement sleep.

Conclusion
Psychotherapeutic intervention combined with zolpidem and fluoxetine treatment contributed to a resignification of the dreams of a patient with a history of CSA. The treatment also improved the quality of her dreams and her quality of life.
Treatment of LUTS Secondary to BPH While Preserving Sexual Function: Randomized Controlled Study of Prostatic Urethral Lift
Authors: McVary Kevin T. , Gange Steven N. , Shore Neal D. , Bolton Damien M. , Cowan Barrett E. , Thomas Brown B. , Te Alexis E. , Chin Peter T. , Rukstalis Daniel B. , Roehrborn Claus G. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Introduction
We analyzed data obtained from a randomized controlled blinded study of the prostatic urethral lift (PUL) to evaluate the sexual side effects of this novel treatment.

Aims
We sought to determine whether PUL, when conducted in a randomized study, significantly improved lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and urinary flow rate while preserving sexual function.

Methods
Men ≥50 years with prostates 30–80 cc, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) &gt;12, and peak urinary flow rate (Qmax) ≤12 ml/s were randomized 2:1 between PUL and sham. Sexual activity was not an inclusion criterion. In PUL, permanent transprostatic implants are placed to retract encroaching lateral lobes and open the prostatic fossa. Sham entailed rigid cystoscopy with sounds to mimic PUL and a blinding screen.

Main Outcome Measures
Blinded groups were compared at 3 months and active arm then followed to 12 months for LUTS with IPSS and for sexual function with sexual health inventory for men (SHIM) and Male Sexual Health Questionnaire for Ejaculatory Dysfunction (MSHQ-EjD). Subjects were censored from primary sexual function analysis if they had baseline SHIM &lt; 5 at enrollment. Secondary stratified analysis by erectile dysfunction (ED) severity was conducted.

Results
There was no evidence of degradation in erectile or ejaculatory function after PUL. SHIM and MSHQ-EjD scores were not different from control at 3 months but were modestly improved and statistically different from baseline at 1 year. Ejaculatory bother score was most improved with a 40% improvement over baseline. Twelve-month SHIM was significantly improved from baseline for men entering the study with severe ED, P = 0.016. IPSS and Qmax were significantly superior to both control at 3 months and baseline at 1 year. There was no instance of de novo sustained anejaculation or ED over the course of the study.

Conclusions
The PUL improves LUTS and urinary flow while preserving erectile and ejaculatory function.
Gender‐specific anthropometric markers of adiposity, metabolic syndrome and visceral adiposity index (VAI) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Mazzuca Emilia , Battaglia Salvatore , Marrone Oreste , Marotta Anna M. , Castrogiovanni Alessandra , Esquinas Cristina , Barcelò Antonia , Barbé Ferran , Bonsignore Maria R. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea often coexists with visceral adiposity and metabolic syndrome. In this study, we analysed gender‐related differences in anthropometrics according to sleep apnea severity and metabolic abnormalities. In addition, the visceral adiposity index, a recently introduced marker of cardiometabolic risk, was analysed. Consecutive subjects with suspected obstructive sleep apnea (n = 528, 423 males, mean age ± standard deviation: 51.3 ± 12.8 years, body mass index: 31.0 ± 6.2 kg m−2) were studied by full polysomnography (apnea–hypopnea index 43.4 ± 27.6 h−1). Variables of general and visceral adiposity were measured (body mass index, neck, waist and hip circumferences, waist‐to‐hip ratio). The visceral adiposity index was calculated, and metabolic syndrome was assessed (NCEP‐ATP III criteria). The sample included controls (apnea–hypopnea index <10 h−1, n = 55), and patients with mild–moderate (apnea–hypopnea index 10–30 h−1, n = 144) and severe sleep apnea (apnea–hypopnea index >30 h−1, n = 329). When anthropometric variables were entered in stepwise multiple regression, body mass index, waist circumference and diagnosis of metabolic syndrome were associated with the apnea–hypopnea index in men (adjusted R2 = 0.308); by contrast, only hip circumference and height‐normalized neck circumference were associated with sleep apnea severity in women (adjusted R2 = 0.339). These results changed little in patients without metabolic syndrome; conversely, waist circumference was the only correlate of apnea–hypopnea index in men and women with metabolic syndrome. The visceral adiposity index increased with insulin resistance, but did not predict sleep apnea severity. These data suggest gender‐related interactions between obstructive sleep apnea, obesity and metabolic abnormalities. The visceral adiposity index was a good marker of metabolic syndrome, but not of obstructive sleep apnea.
The number needed to treat to prevent mortality and cirrhosis‐related complications among patients with cirrhosis and HCV genotype 1 infection
Authors: van der Meer A. J. , Veldt B. J. , Feld J. J. , Wedemeyer H. , Dufour J.‐F. , Lammert F. , Duarte‐Rojo A. , Manns M. P. , Zeuzem S. , Hofmann W. P. , de Knegt R. J. , Hansen B. E. , Janssen H. L. A. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryCirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remain at risk for complications following sustained virological response (SVR). Therefore, we aimed to evaluate treatment efficacy with the number needed to treat (NNT) to prevent clinical endpoints. Mortality and cirrhosis‐related morbidity were assessed in an international multicentre cohort of consecutively treated patients with HCV genotype 1 infection and cirrhosis. The NNT to prevent death or clinical disease progression (any cirrhosis‐related event or death) in one patient was determined with the adjusted (event‐free) survival among patients without SVR and adjusted hazard ratio of SVR. Overall, 248 patients were followed for a median of 8.3 (IQR 6.2–11.1) years. Fifty‐nine (24%) patients attained SVR. Among patients without SVR, the adjusted 5‐year survival and event‐free survival were 94.4% and 80.0%, respectively. SVR was associated with reduced all‐cause mortality (HR 0.15, 95% CI 0.05–0.48, P = 0.002) and clinical disease progression (HR 0.16, 95% CI 0.07–0.36, P < 0.001). The NNT to prevent one death in 5 years declined from 1052 (95% CI 937–1755) at 2% SVR (interferon monotherapy) to 61 (95% CI 54–101) at 35% SVR (peginterferon and ribavirin). At 50% SVR, which might be expected with triple therapy, the estimated NNT was 43 (95% CI 38–71). The NNT to prevent clinical disease progression in one patient in 5 years was 302 (95% CI 271–407), 18 (95% CI 16–24) and 13 (95% CI 11–17) at 2%, 35% and 50% SVR, respectively. In conclusion, the NNT to prevent clinical endpoints among cirrhotic patients with HCV genotype 1 has declined enormously with the improvement of antiviral therapy.
Therapeutic Plasma Concentrations of Epsilon Aminocaproic Acid and Tranexamic Acid in Horses
Authors: Fletcher D.J. , Brainard B.M. , Epstein K. , Radcliffe R. , Divers T. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundAntifibrinolytic drugs such as epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) and tranexamic acid (TEA) are used to treat various bleeding disorders in horses. Although horses are hypofibrinolytic compared to humans, dosing schemes have been derived from pharmacokinetic studies targeting plasma concentrations in humans.Hypothesis/ObjectivesWe hypothesized therapeutic plasma concentrations of antifibrinolytic drugs in horses would be significantly lower than in humans. Our objective was to use thromboleastography (TEG) and an in vitro model of hyperfibrinolysis to predict therapeutic concentrations ofEACAandTEAin horses and humans.AnimalsCitrated plasma collected from 24 random source clinically healthy research horses. Commercial pooled human citrated plasma with normal coagulation parameters was purchased.MethodsMinimum tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) concentration to induce complete fibrinolysis within 10 minutes was determined using serial dilutions oftPAin equine plasma. Results used to create an in vitro hyperfibrinolysis model with equine and human citrated plasma, and the minimum concentrations of EACA and TEA required to completely inhibit fibrinolysis for 30 minutes (estimated therapeutic concentrations) determined using serial dilutions of the drugs.ResultsEstimated therapeutic concentrations ofEACAandTEAwere significantly lower in horses (5.82; 95% CI 3.77–7.86 μg/mL and 0.512; 95% CI 0.277–0.748 μg/mL) than in humans (113.2; 95% CI 95.8–130.6 μg/mL and 11.4; 95% CI 8.62–14.1 μg/mL).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCurrent dosing schemes forEACAandTEAin horses may be as much as 20× higher than necessary, potentially increasing cost of treatment and risk of adverse effects.
Evaluation of 4 Point‐of‐Care Units for the Determination of Blood l‐Lactate Concentration in Cattle
Authors: Karapinar T. , Kaynar O. , Hayirli A. , Kom M. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundDespite being used commonly in bovine medicine, information on reliability of point‐of‐care (POC) lactate meters is limited.ObjectiveTo determine the validity of 4 commercially available POC lactate meters in cattle.AnimalsCattle with various diseases (n = 120).MethodsBlood samples collected from the jugular vein were processed immediately on POC lactate meters. Plasma l‐lactate concentration was measured by the enzymatic‐colorimetric method (ELISA). Data were subjected to Friedman's test for comparison, Passing‐Bablok regression and Bland‐Altman plot analyses for reliability, and receiver operating characteristics analysis for sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp).ResultsThe POC lactate meters were highly correlated with ELISA (r = 0.98–0.99) despite disagreements among units. When regressed on ELISA, blood l‐lactate concentrations generated from Accutrend Plus and Lactate Pro were linear up to 16.6 and 15.7 mmol/L, respectively, whereas those generated from i‐STAT and Lactate Scout were linear up to 19.5 and 19.7 mmol/L, respectively. All POC lactate meters had a Se of 100% with Sp of 95.7–98.6% at a plasma l‐lactate cut‐off concentration of 4 mmol/L. i‐STAT had the best accuracy (99.0%) and precision (99.8%), the best linear fit (y = −0.13 + 1.04X) yielding the lowest bias (−6.6%) as well as the highest Se (100%) and Sp (98.6%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceDespite high correlation with the reference method, dilution is needed for Accutrend Plus/Lactate Pro and i‐STAT/Lactate Scout if concentrations >15 and 20 mmol/L, respectively. i‐STAT provided the most accurate and precise results.
Clinical and Clinicopathological Factors Associated with Survival in 44 Horses with Equine Neorickettsiosis (Potomac Horse Fever)
Authors: Bertin F.R. , Reising A. , Slovis N.M. , Constable P.D. , Taylor S.D. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundThe epidemiology of equine neorickettsiosis (EN) has been extensively studied but limited clinical and clinicopathological data are available concerning naturally infected horses.HypothesisFactors predictive of survival will be identified in horses diagnosed withEN.AnimalsConvenience sample of 44 horses withENadmitted to 2 referral institutions.MethodsA retrospective study was performed. A diagnosis ofENwas based on the presence of positive blood or fecalPCR.ResultsThe most common clinical signs included diarrhea (66%), fever (50%), anorexia (45%), depression (39%), colic (39%), and lameness (18%). The median duration of hospitalization was 6 days and 73% of horses survived to discharge. Laminitis was present in 36% of horses, 88% of which were affected in all 4 feet. Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations, as well asRBCcount, blood hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, band neutrophils, serumASTactivity, serumCKactivity, and anion gap, were significantly (P < .05) higher in nonsurvivors. Serum chloride and sodium, concentrations as well as duration of hospitalization were significantly lower in nonsurvivors. The results of forward stepwise logistic regression indicated that blood hemoglobin concentration on admission and antimicrobial treatment with oxytetracycline were independent factors associated with survival.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceSeverity of colitis as reflected by electrolyte loss, hemoconcentration, and prerenal azotemia were predictors of survival in horses diagnosed withEN. Treatment with oxytetracycline was associated with increased survival.
Returns to Foreign Language Skills of Immigrants in Spain
Authors: Isphording Ingo E. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract. This study examines the returns to foreign language skills of immigrants in the Spanish labor market. Measurement error and endogeneity issues are addressed by deriving a set of novel instruments for foreign language proficiency through a measure of linguistic dissimilarity. Using cross‐sectional data from the 2007 National Immigrant Survey of Spain (NISS), returns to language skills are estimated separately for English, German, and French proficiency. Foreign language proficiency produces high returns, which appear to be mediated through the channel of occupational choice. The results are discussed against the background of a severe foreign language skills shortage in the Spanish economy. Immigrants may deal as a supplier of foreign language proficiency in the short run.
Genetic variation in interleukin 28B and correlation with chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Saudi Arabian patients
Authors: Al‐Qahtani Ahmed A. , Al‐Anazi Mashael R. , Abdo Ayman A. , Sanai Faisal M. , Al‐Hamoudi Waleed K. , Alswat Khalid A. , Al‐Ashgar Hamad I. , Khalaf Nisreen Z. , Viswan Nisha A. , Al Ahdal Mohammed N. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackground & AimsSeveral genome‐wide association studies have shown that genetic variations in the chromosomal region containing interleukin‐28B (IL28B) gene are associated with response to treatment in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This study was conducted to examine the role of genetic variations in IL28B on disease progression in Saudi Arabian patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV).MethodsThe study included 1128 subjects divided into four categories; 304 clearance subjects, 518 inactive carriers, 212 active carriers and 94 cirrhosis/HCC.ResultsThree single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs12979860 (OR = 1.307; 95% CI 1.046–1.634, χ2 = 5.57 and P = 0.0183), rs12980275 (OR = 0.642; CI 0.517–0.798, χ2 = 16.17 and P = 0.0001) and rs8105790 (OR = 0.746; CI 0.592–0.941, χ2 = 6.12 and P = 0.0133), were found to be strongly associated with HBV clearance. The frequency of the G allele of rs12980275 and the C allele of rs8105790 were found to be more in clearance group than in patients and could contribute to protection against the disease. On the other hand, only rs12979860 showed significant difference in distribution when inactive group was compared to other groups (OR = 1.285; CI 1.030–1.603, χ2 = 4.95, P = 0.0261). No significant association was evident for any of the variants when active carriers were compared to cirrhosis/HCC patients. Haplotype analysis showed that a combination of A‐T‐T‐G of rs12980275, rs8105790, rs8099917, and rs7248668, respectively, was associated with clearance of the virus (frequency = 67.5% and P = 0.015).Conclusiongenetic variations in IL28B gene region may influence the clearance of HBV infection.