bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards a Grammatical Analysis of Scelsi's Late Music
Authors: Dickson Ian 
Published: November 2012

AbstractGiacinto Scelsi (1905–1988) is a problematic figure for musical analysis on account of his extreme anti‐rationalism and devaluing of the score. By the 1950s he was creating music through improvisation and delegating to assistants the task of transcribing the results. The idiom he evolved was novel not only in its extreme economy of means, usually consisting of subtle inflections of continuous sounds, but also in its apparent rejection of any rational organisation.Analysts of Scelsi's work have tended to concentrate on large‐scale musical architecture, neglecting the apparently redundant, non‐developmental gestures from which, nonetheless, this architecture must be built up. Many of Scelsi's advocates have encouraged this by insisting on the music's irreducibility and exceptional rapport with sound. Such an argument stems from the composer's own mysticism: he attributed the automaticity of his improvisations to the cosmic power of sound, rather than to the long hours that he spent creating them.This article explores the idea that Scelsi's music is conditioned, if not by an explicit grammar (traditional or avant‐garde), then by the ‘model’ of the original improvisations, and that his manipulation of nuance can be considered as a kind of syntax. It argues that a grammatical analysis accounts for the persuasiveness and variety of the improvisations more plausibly than statistical analysis or metaphysical formulations involving sound ‘itself’.
Bisphenol A in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Krieter Detlef H. , Canaud Bernard , Lemke Horst‐Dieter , Rodriguez Annie , Morgenroth Andreas , von Appen Kai , Dragoun Gerd‐Peter , Wanner Christoph 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe estrogenic endocrine‐disrupting substance bisphenol A (BPA) is extensively used as a starting material for a variety of consumer plastic products including dialyzer materials. The present study was performed to explore plasma BPA levels in patients with impaired renal function and to investigate if dialyzers differing in elutable BPA influence plasma levels in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. In vitro BPA was eluted from high‐flux polyethersulfone (PUREMA H, referred as PUR‐H), high‐flux polysulfone (referred as HF‐PSu), and low‐flux polysulfone (referred as LF‐PSu) dialyzers by recirculation with water for 180 min. In a cross‐sectional clinical study, plasma BPA levels of outpatients with different stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) from four different centers were determined. Furthermore, in a prospective, randomized, and crossover setting, 18 maintenance dialysis patients were subjected successively to 4 weeks of thrice‐weekly hemodialysis with each LF‐PSu, HF‐PSu, and PUR‐H. In addition, the fractions of protein‐bound and free BPA were determined in a subset of dialysis patients. The mass of BPA eluted from the blood compartments in vitro under aqueous conditions varied for the three dialyzers being very low for PUR‐H (6.2 ± 2.5 ng; P < 0.001), intermediate for HF‐PSu (48.1 ± 7.7 ng), and highest for LF‐PSu (140.8 ± 38.7 ng; P < 0.01). In 152 prevalent patients with CKD enrolled in the cross‐sectional trial, plasma BPA started to rise after stage 3. Maintenance hemodialysis patients had more than six times higher BPA concentrations than patients with CKD stage 5 not yet on dialysis (10.0 ± 6.6 vs. 1.6 ± 1.8 ng/mL; P < 0.001). The BPA concentrations highly and inversely correlated with renal function. In the randomized controlled study, the plasma BPA concentrations were highly elevated compared with healthy controls (range 9.1 ± 4.5–12.0 ± 6.0 ng/mL vs. ≤0.2 ± 0.1 ng/mL; P < 0.001), but no change of the plasma levels was observed during hemodialysis with any of the three dialyzers in the course of a single treatment and over a period of 4 weeks. The protein‐bound fraction of plasma BPA in the dialysis patients was 74 ± 5%. Renal function and, most likely, the total quantity of ingested BPA are essential parameters affecting plasma BPA concentrations. Dialyzers are one additional source of BPA, but differences in the elutable BPA content are not associated with a significant effect on BPA plasma levels in Western European maintenance dialysis patients. Due to high protein binding, the removal of BPA by hemodialysis is limited.
Consumption of beef/veal/lamb in Australian children: Intake, nutrient contribution and comparison with other meat, poultry and fish categories
Authors: Bowen Jane , Baird Danielle , Syrette Julie , Noakes Manny , Baghurst Katrine 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo describe reported consumption of meat for children using the 2007 Australian National Children's Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey.MethodsOne‐day, weighted data are described for consumption of meat, poultry and fish consumed as ‘cuts’ and from mixed dishes. Data are presented for all children by age groups (2–3 years, 4–8 years, 9–13years, 14–16 years) and gender. Trimming practices, time and place of consumption, and nutrient contributions are described.ResultsNinety per cent of children reported consuming meat, poultry or fish on the day surveyed. Reported mean consumption of all beef/veal/lamb, pork/ham/bacon, poultry and fish ranged from 52 g in 2 to 3‐year‐old boys to 161 g in 14 to 16‐year‐old boys; and was lower in 9 to 16‐year‐olds girls; 98 g.Mean reported consumption of beef/veal/lamb was 21–64 g for boys and 23–36 g for girls, depending on age group.For meals where the meat, poultry or fish were identified individually, meals with beef/veal/lamb contained more vegetables (159 g) than pork/ham/bacon (50 g) and poultry (110 g). The beef/veal/lamb was fully (20%) or semi‐trimmed (58%), and 49% of minced beef/veal/lamb was lean. Sixty‐eight per cent of respondents reported eating poultry with the skin removed.Across all age groups, beef/veal/lamb in cuts and mixed dishes contributed 4% of total energy, 6% of total fat, 5% of saturated fat, 46% of haem iron, 18% of zinc and 21% of long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acid intake.ConclusionsThese findings help to inform evidence‐based individual or population‐level recommendations.
Long bone fracture as a complication following external skeletal fixation: 11 cases
Authors: Knudsen C. S. , Arthurs G. I. , Hayes G. M. , Langley‐Hobbs S. J. 
Published: November 2012

OBJECTIVESTo report on a series of dogs and cats with long bone fractures that occurred as a direct consequence of linear external skeletal fixation (ESF) application.METHODSRetrospective study. Data from the medical records and radiographs of canine (n = 4) and feline (n = 7) cases were collected from three referral and three first opinion practices in theUK(1999 to 2011).RESULTSLong bone fractures occurred following the application of linearESFeither while theESFwas in situ or after removal. All fractures occurred through either a pin tract or an empty drill hole. Pins associated withESF‐related fracture tended to be in the higher end of the recommended size range. The majority of cases had additional complicating factors such as multiple injuries, revision surgery, poor owner compliance with postoperative exercise restriction and the presence of empty drill holes.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEIn cases with features that could complicate outcome, careful attention should be paid to recommendations forESFapplication. Leaving empty drill holes is suboptimal. The retrospective nature of the study, low numbers of, and diversity amongst, cases should be taken into consideration when interpreting the results from this study.
Using endemism to assess representation of protected areas – the family Myrtaceae in the Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area
Authors: Laffan Shawn W. , Ramp Daniel , Roger Erin 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimWe assess how much of species' ranges are present within protected areas and how different land units within protected areas contribute to overall protection, both within their region and at continental scales. We do this using the plant family Myrtaceae in relation to the globally important Greater Blue Mountains World Heritage Area (GBMWHA) in New South Wales, Australia.LocationSouth‐eastern Australia.MethodsCompiling data throughout the region and nationally, we considered two spatially based quantitative measures of endemism (relative range restriction): weighted endemism (WE) and corrected weighted endemism (CWE). In both measures, species are weighted by the proportion of their ranges found within the analysis window, with the ranges calculated as the total number of cells in which they occur (10 km × 10 km in this research). We also derived a novel expectation for the contribution of each species to the endemism scores at each taxonomic level based on the additive properties of the metrics and their relationship to species richness. We used this expectation to assess the proportional contribution of each genus to the endemism scores.ResultsThe degree to which Myrtaceae species within the GBMWHA are endemic to the GBMWHA area is 16%, meaning that an average of 16% of the ranges of species found in the GBMWHA are restricted to that area. The figure for those species with ranges less than or equal to the median (80 cells) is 33%. The genus Eucalyptus contributes the most to the endemism scores obtained, but no more than would be expected given its number of species. The genus Leptospermum is 3.7% less restricted to the GBMWHA than would be expected, while the genus Melaleuca is 5% more restricted than expected.Main conclusionsCentres of high endemism within the GBMWHA and surrounds were identified. This research presents a template for quantifying endemism for regions at local to global scales. Spatially‐based quantitative measures of endemism, such as outlined here, are an important means to quantify and visualize these aspects of conservation significance for the management of protected areas.
Properties and Nematicide Performance of Avermectins
Authors: Cabrera Jose Alfonso , Menjivar Roy D. , Dababat Abd el‐Fattah A. , Sikora Richard A. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractIn 1979, the anthelmintic activity of abamectin, a mixture of avermectins B1a and B1b, was first reported. Since then, multiple articles have investigated avermectins' degradation and its efficacy against a wide variety of pests under different conditions and using different modes of application. However, there is a gap in the literature of analysing abamectin properties and its performance as a non‐fumigant nematicide when applied liquid or granular vs. new avenues of application based on seed and seedling treatment. Therefore, this article reviewed literature to discuss the mode of action, environmental aspects, the nematicidal effectiveness of treatment forms and the range of activity to address these topics.
Assessing the community clinic replacement effect on private Medicaid practices in oral health care within rural environments
Authors: Squillace Joe 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectivesChildren in Medicaid/CHIP public coverage programs who reside in rural counties have limited access to dental care services. Shortages of dental professionals in rural areas impede utilization of dental care. Public and private initiatives are attempting to address this crisis. Missourians instituted deregulatory policies and invested in community‐based initiatives.MethodsUsing a Medicaid/CHIP claims administrative dataset from 2004 to 2007, this research explored patterns of utilization to assess the impact of these efforts.ResultsThe number of participating private dental office providers declined over the study period, and the number of children utilizing clinics increased. Trends are being observed within the public health dental care market demonstrating clinics are replacing private dentists as providers of Medicaid/CHIP dental services.ConclusionsAllowing greater market entry through deregulation could provide states with greater improvements to their public dental health infrastructure.
Prisons: the psychiatric institution of last resort?
Authors: Huxter M. J. 
Published: November 2012

Accessible summary
Throughout recorded history, the mentally ill have been living at the fringes of society, frequently alienated, treated inhumanely, and made as scapegoats for the prevailing societal ills.
Australia has seen the number of public psychiatric hospital beds fall from 30 000 in the early 1960's to 8000 as of 2006. The Australian population has more than doubled since this time, such phenomena is mirrored in the UK and the USA.
As of June 2011, there were 28 964 individuals detained in Australian prisons, this represents a figure close to 70% higher than in comparison to the figure reported in 1996. However, Australia's population has only increased by just over 27% in this time period.
Authors and researchers are claiming that a debilitated public psychiatric healthcare system has resulted in large ‘trans‐migrations’ of patients from psychiatric hospital beds to prisons and jails, via an intermediary period in their communities.
AbstractThe World Health Organization declared in 1948 that the enjoyment of the highest individual attainment of health for any person is a fundamental human right. Australia, the UK and the United States all legally ratified this declaration as becoming signatories to their founding treatise with the United Nations. Despite this, there are many conspicuous examples of inequities of public health as found within these nations. One of the more disparate and outrageous examples of inequities in public health has been an insidious trend towards criminalizing mental illness, and the largely unjust treatment of many mentally ill persons. This change has resulted in untold numbers of mentally ill persons being over‐represented within the criminal justice system, experiencing higher morbidity, co‐morbidity and mortality rates, and having difficulty in surviving in a society frequently dealing with their illness in a persecutory manner. Questions must be raised: that although over the passage of time medical science and technology has changed, but has western societies’ attitudes to health equity kept pace?
The experience of weight gain as a result of taking second‐generation antipsychotic medications: the mental health consumer perspective
Authors: Usher K. , Park T. , Foster K. 
Published: November 2012

Accessible summary
Weight gain is a known, predictable side‐effect of second‐generation antipsychotic drugs.
Study participants reported struggling to manage the insatiable appetite and weight gained associated with the drugs.
Cessation of prescribed medication was considered by most as a way of managing the weight gain associated with the drugs.
AbstractThis interpretive qualitative study aimed to describe and construct the meaning of the experience of living with the weight gain associated with second‐generation antipsychotics. A qualitative study that incorporated the tenets of phenomenology and utilized in‐depth interviews was conducted with eight mental health consumers. Thematic analysis resulted in three themes: Grappling with the weight; Living with the consequences of being overweight; and Experiencing negative emotions about the weight gain. The findings indicate that consumers struggle to manage the insatiable appetite and the related weight gain associated with second‐generation antipsychotic medication, as well as the numerous associated physical and emotional issues. Adherence with prescribed second‐generation antipsychotic medication was also affected and a number of the participants indicated they had ceased or considered ceasing their medication because of the weight gain associated with the drugs.
Increased renal expression and urinary excretion of TLR4 in acute kidney injury associated with cirrhosis
Authors: Shah Naina , Mohamed Fatma E. , Jover‐Cobos Maria , Macnaughtan Jane , Davies Nathan , Moreau Richard , Paradis Valerie , Moore Kevin , Mookerjee Raj , Jalan Rajiv 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundPatients with cirrhosis frequently develop renal dysfunction, a proportion of who do not fulfill criteria for hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). We hypothesized that the kidneys in these patients would exhibit histological and biomarker evidence of kidney injury. We looked specifically for TLR expression as they may mediate kidney injury.MethodsSixty seven subjects (6); alcoholic cirrhosis: compensated (9), acute deterioration of alcoholic cirrhosis (52)] were included. Renal dysfunction was defined as a creatinine of >133 μmol/L and/or according to the AKI network criteria. Urinary biomarkers, KIM‐1, πGST, αGST and a novel biomarker, urinary TLR4 were measured. Renal biopsies were also available from eight other alcoholic cirrhosis patients (three non‐HRS renal dysfunction; five HRS) that were stained for TLR4 and caspase‐3.ResultsFourteen patients developed renal dysfunction, amongst these three had type 2 HRS. KIM‐1, πGST and αGST were higher in patients with acute deterioration of cirrhosis compared with patients with compensated cirrhosis, but did not differ between those with and without renal dysfunction. Urinary TLR4 was significantly higher in patients with renal dysfunction associated with infection/inflammation. Kidney biopsies from non‐HRS renal dysfunction patients showed tubular damage with evidence of increased tubular expression of TLR4, and caspase‐3. Minor changes were observed in HRS patients.ConclusionsThe data provide proof of concept that renal dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis with superimposed inflammation is associated with significant tubular injury and apoptosis and with increased renal expression and urinary excretion of the TLR4, suggesting a potential role of TLR4 as mediator of renal injury.
Increased expression of mitochondrial proteins associated with autophagy in biliary epithelial lesions in primary biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Sasaki Motoko , Miyakoshi Masami , Sato Yasunori , Nakanuma Yasuni 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackground/AimsWe have reported the involvement of deregulated autophagy and subsequent cellular senescence in biliary epithelial lesions in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Given that mitochondria are a major target of autophagy, we hypothesized that deregulated autophagy of mitochondria may be involved in autoimmune pathogenesis in PBC.MethodsWe examined immunohistochemically the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex‐E2 component (PDC‐E2) and cytochrome c oxidase, subunit I (CCO), in livers taken from patients with PBC (n = 42) and control livers (n = 76). The colocalization of mitochondrial antigens with an autophagy marker microtubule‐associated protein‐light chain 3β (LC3), a deregulated autophagy marker p62/sequestosome‐1 (p62) and a lysosomal marker LAMP‐1 was examined by double immunofluorescence. We examined the colocalization of mitochondrial antigens with LC3, p62 and LAMP‐1 and the cell‐surface expression of PDC‐E2 in cultured biliary epithelial cells (BECs) treated with various stresses.ResultsIntense granular expression of PDC‐E2 and CCO was seen in the damaged small bile ducts (SBDs) in PBC and the expression was significantly more frequent in PBC than in control livers (P < 0.01). The granular expression of mitochondrial antigens was colocalized with LC3 in damaged SBDs in PBC. The accumulation of LC3‐expressing punctae colocalized with PDC‐E2 and CCO was significantly more increased in cultured BECs treated with various stresses. The cell‐surface expression of PDC‐E2 was induced by various stresses in BECs.ConclusionDeregulated autophagy may contribute to the abnormal expression of mitochondrial antigens and may be involved in the autoimmune pathogenesis of bile duct lesions in PBC.
Portal, but not lobular, macrophages express matrix metalloproteinase‐9: association with the ductular reaction and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Gadd Victoria L. , Melino Michelle , Roy Sandrine , Horsfall Leigh , O'Rourke Peter , Williams Millicent R. , Irvine Katharine M. , Sweet Matthew J. , Jonsson Julie R. , Clouston Andrew D. , Powell Elizabeth E. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundLiver macrophages are a heterogeneous cell population that produces factors involved in fibrogenesis and matrix turnover, including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) ‐9. During liver injury, their close proximity to hepatic progenitor cells and the ductular reaction may enable them to regulate liver repair and fibrosis.AimsTo enumerate and characterise liver macrophages in patients with chronic hepatitis C, to determine whether a distinct population of macrophages is associated with the ductular reaction and portal fibrosis.MethodsImmunostaining for macrophage markers (CD68, CD163, CCR2), the ductular reaction (keratin‐7) and MMP‐9 was performed in liver biopsy sections from patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) (n = 85).ResultsPortal tracts were more densely populated with macrophages (10.5 ± 0.36 macrophages/HPF) than lobules (7.2 ± 0.16 macrophages/HPF, P < 0.001) and macrophages were found in close proximity to the ductular reaction. ≥30% of portal and periductal macrophages expressed MMP‐9 and these were significantly associated with increasing stage of fibrosis (rs = 0.58, 0.68, respectively, both P < 0.001). In contrast, MMP‐9+ macrophages were largely absent in lobular regions and non‐diseased liver. Hepatic MMP‐9 mRNA levels and gelatinolytic activity were significantly associated with stage of fibrosis (rs = 0.47, rs = 0.89, respectively, both P < 0.001). Furthermore, a second distinct CCR2+ macrophage population was localised to the centrilobular regions and was predominantly absent from portal and periductal areas.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate significant regional differences in macrophage phenotypes, suggesting that there are at least two populations of liver macrophages. We propose that these populations have distinct contributions to the pathogenesis of chronic HCV‐related liver disease.
Virulence factor regulator (Vfr) controls virulence‐associated phenotypes in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605 by a quorum sensing‐independent mechanism
Authors: Taguchi Fumiko , Ichinose Yuki 
Published: November 2012

SummaryVirulence factor regulator (Vfr) is a member of the cyclic 3′,5′‐adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) receptor proteins that regulate the expression of many important virulence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The role of Vfr in pathogenicity has not been elucidated fully in phytopathogenic bacteria. To investigate the function of Vfr in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 6605, the vfr gene was disrupted. The virulence of the vfr mutant towards host tobacco plants was attenuated significantly, and the intracellular cAMP level was decreased. The vfr mutant reduced the expression of flagella‐, pili‐ and type III secretion system‐related genes and the defence response in nonhost Arabidopsis leaves. Furthermore, the expression levels of achromobactin‐related genes and the iron uptake ability were decreased, suggesting that Vfr regulates positively these virulence‐related genes. In contrast, the vfr mutant showed higher tolerance to antimicrobial compounds as a result of the enhanced expression of the resistance–nodulation–division family members, the mexA, mexB and oprM genes. We further demonstrated that the mutant strains of vfr and cyaA, an adenylate cyclase gene responsible for cAMP synthesis, showed a similar phenotype, suggesting that Vfr regulates virulence factors in a cAMP‐dependent manner. Because there was no significant difference in the production of acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) quorum sensing molecules in the wild‐type, vfr and cyaA mutant strains, Vfr might control important virulence factors by an AHL‐independent mechanism in an early stage of infection by this bacterium.