bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-collected versus clinician-collected sampling for sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Taylor Darlene , Lunny Carole , Wong Tom , Gilbert Mark , Li Neville , Lester Richard , Krajden Mel , Hoang Linda , Ogilvie Gina 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Three meta-analyses and one systematic review have been conducted on the question of whether self-collected specimens are as accurate as clinician-collected specimens for STI screening. However, these reviews predate 2007 and did not analyze rectal or pharyngeal collection sites. Currently, there is no consensus on which sampling method is the most effective for the diagnosis of genital chlamydia (CT), gonorrhea (GC) or human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Our meta-analysis aims to be comprehensive in that it will examine the evidence of whether self-collected vaginal, urine, pharyngeal and rectal specimens provide as accurate a clinical diagnosis as clinician-collected samples (reference standard).

Methods/Design
Inclusion and exclusion criteria: Eligible studies include both randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, pre- and post-test designs, and controlled observational studies. Search strategy: The databases that will be searched include the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), EMBASE and PubMed/Medline. Data collection and analysis: Data will be abstracted independently by two reviewers using a standardized pre-tested data abstraction form. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the Q2 test. Sensitivity and specificity estimates with 95% confidence intervals as well as negative and positive likelihood ratios will be pooled and weighted using random effects meta-analysis, if appropriate. A hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics curve for self-collected specimens will be generated.

Discussion
This synthesis involves a meta-analysis of self-collected samples (urine, vaginal, pharyngeal and rectal swabs) versus clinician-collected samples for the diagnosis of CT, GC and HPV, the most prevalent STIs. Our systematic review will allow patients, clinicians and researchers to determine the diagnostic accuracy of specimens collected by patients compared to those collected by clinicians in the detection of chlamydia, gonorrhea and HPV.
Subacromial impingement syndrome in a patient with hereditary multiple exostosis: a case report
Authors: Clement Nicholas D , McBirnie Julie M , Porter Daniel E 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundHereditary multiple exostosis (HME) is characterised by multiple osteochondromas that are distributed throughout the skeleton, invariably involving the shoulder girdle. Tumours within the subacromial space can cause secondary irritation of the rotator cuff and result in subacromial impingement syndrome.Case presentationWe describe a 19 year old female patient with HME who presented with subacromial impingement syndrome secondary to a benign exostosis originating from the spine of the scapular and projecting into the subacromial space.ConclusionThe unique aspects of this report was that the origin of the exostosis, which was not observed on early standard radiographs of the shoulder, and the use of arthroscopic excision of the exostosis. Hence we believe a low threshold for additional imaging, such as a magnetic resonance imaging, should be considered for patients with HME with subacromial impingement syndrome to ensure a symptomatic exostosis is not neglected. Arthroscopic excision of a benign subacromial exostosis is effective, offering a minimally invasive approach with relief of the patient’s symptoms.
Prospective prediction of suicide in a nationally representative
sample: religious service attendance as a protective factor
Authors: Kleiman Evan M. , Liu Richard T. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundPrevious research into religious service attendance as a protective
factor against suicide has been conducted only retrospectively, with
psychological autopsy studies using proxy informants of completed
suicide, rather than prospectively, with completed suicide as a dependent
variable.AimsTo determine whether individuals who frequently attended religious
services were less likely to die by suicide than those who did not attend
so frequently.MethodWe analysed data from a nationally representative sample
(n = 20 014), collected in the USA between 1988 and
1994, and follow-up mortality data from baseline to the end of 2006.ResultsCox proportional hazard regression analysis indicated that those who
frequently attended religious services were less likely to die by suicide
than those who did not attend, after accounting for the effects of other
relevant risk factors.ConclusionsFrequent religious service attendance is a long-term protective factor
against suicide.
Gecko toe and lamellar shear adhesion on macroscopic, engineered rough surfaces
Authors: Gillies Andrew G. , Lin Haowen , Henry Amy , Ren Angela , Shiuan Kevin , Fearing Ronald S. , Full Robert J. 
Published: October 2013

Summary
The role in adhesion of the toes and lamellae - intermediate sized structures - found on the gecko foot remains unclear. Insight into the function of these structures can lead to a more general understanding of the hierarchical nature of the gecko adhesive system, but in particular how environmental topology may relate to gecko foot morphology. We sought to discern the mechanics of the toes and lamellae by examining gecko adhesion on controlled, macroscopically rough surfaces. We used live Tokay geckos, Gekko gecko, to observe the maximum shear force a gecko foot can attain on an engineered substrate constructed with sinusoidal patterns of varying amplitudes and wavelengths in sizes similar to the dimensions of the toes and lamellae structures (0.5 to 6 mm). We found shear adhesion was significantly decreased on surfaces that had amplitudes and wavelengths approaching the lamella length and inter-lamella spacing, losing 95% of shear adhesion over the range tested. We discovered that the toes are capable of adhering to surfaces with amplitudes much larger than their dimensions even without engaging claws, maintaining 60% of shear adhesion on surfaces with amplitudes of 3 mm. Gecko adhesion can be predicted by the ratio of the lamella dimensions to surface feature dimensions. In addition to setae, remarkable macroscopic-scale features of gecko toes and lamellae that include compliance and passive conformation are necessary to maintain contact, and consequently, generate shear adhesion on macroscopically rough surfaces. Findings on the larger scale structures in the hierarchy of gecko foot function could provide the biological inspiration to drive the design of more effective and versatile synthetic fibrillar adhesives.
Elevated Factor IX Activity Is Associated With an Increased Odds Ratio for Both Arterial and Venous Thrombotic Events
Authors: Heikal Nahla M. , Murphy Karla K. , Crist Ronda A. , Wilson Andrew R. , Rodgers George M. , Smock Kristi J. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Objectives:
Elevations of factor IX (FIX) are thought to contribute to thrombotic risk, but this has not been well characterized. We retrospectively sought to determine whether elevated FIX levels are a risk factor for thrombosis in 81 adult subjects younger than 65 years (mean, 47 years) who were referred for evaluation of a hypercoagulable state.

Methods:
Patients were classified by arterial transient ischemic attack/stroke (TIA/stroke, n = 62) or venous thromboembolism (VTE, n = 19) events. FIX activity testing was performed on all 81 subjects and a reference group of 40 healthy individuals.

Results:
Thirteen (21%) of 62 subjects with TIA/stroke and 5 (26%) of 19 subjects with VTE had elevated FIX activity. Odds ratios for TIA/stroke and VTE in subjects with elevated FIX activity were 3.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.76–17.65) and 6.8 (95% CI, 1.18–39.07), respectively.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest an association between elevated FIX levels and both arterial and venous thrombotic events.
Demonization and drug regulation: The state, culture and FDA regulators as villains in popular fiction, 1974–present
Authors: Richert Lucas 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Prescription drugs play an increasingly significant part in Americans’ lives. Therefore, undermining the process that safeguards the integrity of that drug armamentarium is particularly scandalous. This article critically considers three novels, The Third Patient, The Delta Factor and Strong Medicine, and attempts to locate them in a broader debate about the relationship between culture and the state. My analysis explores the development and implementation of a regulatory reform philosophy in the United States after 1974 and highlights the demonization of big government and specifically government bureaucrats like FDA officials. At the same time, the novels offer a specific critique of large bureaucracies, even as they acknowledge that such enormous entities provide opportunities for particular types of conspiracy narratives.
Bi-Sobolev homeomorphism with zero minors almost everywhere
Authors: Černý Robert 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Suppose that

N
,
α
,
β
∈
ℕ

$N,\alpha ,\beta \in \mathbb {N}$

are satisfying the conditions

2
≤
α
≤
N
-
1

$2\le \alpha \le N-1$

and

2
≤
β
≤
N
-
1

$2\le \beta \le N-1$

. Let us fix

p
∈
[
1
,
min

{

N

N
-
α
+
1

,
N
-
β
+
1
}

)

$p\in [1,\min \lbrace \frac{N}{N-\alpha +1},N-\beta +1\rbrace )$

and

q
∈
[
1
,
min

{

N

N
-
β
+
1

,
N
-
α
+
1
}

)

$q\in [1,\min \lbrace \frac{N}{N-\beta +1},N-\alpha +1\rbrace )$

. We construct a homeomorphism

f
:

[
0
,
1
]

N

↦

[
0
,
1
]

N

$f\colon [0,1]^N\mapsto [0,1]^N$

such that

f
∈

W

1
,
p

(

[
0
,
1
]

N

,

ℝ
N

)

$f\in W^{1,p}([0,1]^N, \mathbb {R}^N)$

, f is the identity on the boundary, all minors of D
f of the α-th order are zero almost everywhere,

f

-
1

∈

W

1
,
q

(

[
0
,
1
]

N

,

ℝ
N

)

$f^{-1}\in W^{1,q}([0,1]^N, \mathbb {R}^N)$

and all minors of

D

f

-
1

$Df^{-1}$

of the β-th order are zero almost everywhere.
A simplified version of our construction gives a homeomorphism

f
:

[
0
,
1
]

N

↦

[
0
,
1
]

N

$f\colon [0,1]^N\mapsto [0,1]^N$

such that

f
∈

W

1
,
p

(

[
0
,
1
]

N

,

ℝ
N

)

$f\in W^{1,p}([0,1]^N, \mathbb {R}^N)$

, f is the identity on the boundary and all minors of D
f of the α-th order are zero almost everywhere under a less restrictive assumption

p
∈
[
1
,

N

N
-
α
+
1

)

$p\in [1,\frac{N}{N-\alpha +1})$

.
Cortisol and cortisone ratio in urine: LC-MS/MS method validation and preliminary clinical application
Authors: Antonelli Giorgia , Artusi Carlo , Marinova Mariela , Brugnolo Laura , Zaninotto Martina , Scaroni Carla , Gatti Rosalba , Mantero Franco , Plebani Mario 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe determination of urinary cortisol/cortisone ratio is of clinical utility in cases of Cushing’s syndrome, apparent mineralocorticoid excess, and also provides information on 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) type 2 activity. It is therefore of utmost importance to ensure accurate cortisol and cortisone measurement and establish appropriate reference ranges.After the isotopic dilution of urine, sample cleanups were obtained with on-line solid-phase extraction and cortisol and cortisone, separated using a Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18 HPLC analytical column, were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry with an electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode operation.The method was linear, with concentrations of up to 625 and 1125 nmol/L and lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) of 5 and 6 nmol/L, for cortisol and cortisone, respectively. Within-run and between-run coefficients of variation were <5% and 6% for cortisol and 6% and 8% for cortisone, respectively. No ion suppression was observed. The non-parametric reference range for the cortisol/cortisone ratio was 0.14–1.09.A simple and sensitive liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the measurement of cortisol and cortisone in urine. Our findings indicate that the proposed analytical method is suitable for routine purposes and useful in many pathological conditions.
Improvement in clinical outcomes following optimal targeting of brain ventricular catheters with intraoperative imaging
Authors: Janson Christopher G. , Romanova Liudmila G. , Rudser Kyle D. , Haines Stephen J. 
Published: October 2013

Object
The accurate placement of cerebral ventricular shunt catheters in hydrocephalus is an important clinical problem. Malfunction of shunts remains their most common complication and greatest liability, and the influence of catheter position on shunt function remains poorly defined. The objectives of this study were as follows: 1) determine the accuracy of intraventricular catheter placement with respect to a historically favored target, defined as a 1-cm radius sphere at the anterior lip of the ipsilateral foramen of Monro; 2) confirm that this target represents a satisfactory site for frontal and occipital catheter placement by examining whether inaccuracy is associated with more shunt failures; and 3) determine whether catheter trajectory, use of image confirmation, or other factors are associated with either the accuracy or the longevity of shunts.

Methods
A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on 236 patients with 426 ventricular shunts placed or revised at the University of Minnesota over a 10-year period.

Results
Accuracy of shunt placement was optimal in 43.9% of patients and suboptimal or poor in 56.1% of patients. Time to failure was significantly affected by the accuracy of catheter placement with respect to the ipsilateral foramen of Monro, with a 57% higher risk of failure with suboptimal placement (hazard ratio [HR] 1.57, 95% CI 1.26–1.96; p < 0.001) and a 66% higher risk with poor placement (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.45–1.89; p < 0.001) relative to optimal placement. The odds of highly suboptimal or unacceptable placement were significantly increased by lack of any intraoperative imaging (OR 5.89, 95% CI 2.36–14.65; p < 0.001). Use of a nonfrontal posterior trajectory also showed a trend toward poor placement (OR 1.64, p = 0.138).

Conclusions
The historical target for catheter tip placement within 1 cm of the foramen of Monro in the ipsilateral lateral ventricle was associated with significantly longer revision-free survival compared with other locations. This effect remained significant after adjusting for age and whether there was a prior history of shunting. The accuracy of catheter placement in both pediatric and adult patients was strongly associated with use of intraoperative fluoroscopic confirmation. In analyses comparing intraoperative fluoroscopy and no imaging, there was a non–statistically significant difference in the 3-year time to failure, but the worst-case scenario of catastrophic short-term failure was almost completely avoided with fluoroscopy. The authors conclude that accuracy of placement is critical for shunt survival, and that use of intraoperative imaging confirmation may optimize outcomes by avoiding the majority of unacceptable placements.
A randomized double-blind crossover trial comparing subthalamic and pallidal deep brain stimulation for dystonia
Authors: Schjerling Lisbeth , Hjermind Lena E. , Jespersen Bo , Madsen Flemming F. , Brennum Jannick , Jensen Steen R. , Løkkegaard Annemette , Karlsborg Merete 
Published: October 2013

Object
The authors' aim was to compare the subthalamic nucleus (STN) with the globus pallidus internus (GPi) as a stimulation target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) for medically refractory dystonia.

Methods
In a prospective double-blind crossover study, electrodes were bilaterally implanted in the STN and GPi of 12 patients with focal, multifocal, or generalized dystonia. Each patient was randomly selected to undergo initial bilateral stimulation of either the STN or the GPi for 6 months, followed by bilateral stimulation of the other nucleus for another 6 months. Preoperative and postoperative ratings were assessed by using the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale (BFMDRS) and video recordings. Quality of life was evaluated by using questionnaires (36-item Short Form Health Survey). Supplemental Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) scores were assessed for patients with focal dystonia (torticollis) by examining the video recordings.

Results
On average for all patients, DBS improved the BFMDRS movement scores (p < 0.05) and quality of life physical scores (p < 0.01). After stimulation of the STN, the mean 6-month improvement in BFMDRS movement score was 13.8 points; after stimulation of the GPi, this improvement was 9.1 points (p = 0.08). Quality of life did not differ significantly regardless of which nucleus was stimulated. All 12 patients accepted 6 months of stimulation of the STN, but only 7 accepted 6 months of stimulation of the GPi. Among those who rejected stimulation of the GPi, 3 accepted concomitant stimulation of both the STN and GPi for 6 months, resulting in improved quality of life physical and mental scores and BFMDRS movement scores. Among the 4 patients who were rated according to TWSTRS, after 6 months of stimulation of both the STN and GPi, TWSTRS scores improved by 4.7% after stimulation of the GPi and 50.8% after stimulation of the STN (p = 0.08).

Conclusions
The STN seems to be a well-accepted, safe, and promising stimulation target in the treatment of dystonia, but further studies are necessary before the optimal target can be concluded. Simultaneous stimulation of the STN and GPi should be further investigated. Clinical trial registration no.: KF 01-110/01 (Committees on Biomedical Research Ethics of the Capital Region of Denmark).
Decompressive craniectomy for severe traumatic brain injury: is life worth living?
Authors: Honeybul Stephen , Janzen Courtney , Kruger Kate , Ho Kwok M. 
Published: October 2013

Object
The object of this study was to assess the long-term outcome and quality of life of patients who have survived with severe disability following decompressive craniectomy for severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods
The authors assessed outcome beyond 3 years among a cohort of 39 patients who had been adjudged either severely disabled or in vegetative state 18 months after decompressive craniectomy for TBI. Assessments performed included the Extended Glasgow Outcome Scale, modified Barthel Index (mBI), Zarit Burden Interview, and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). The issue of retrospective consent for surgery was also assessed.

Results
Of the 39 eligible patients, 7 died, 12 were lost to follow-up, and 20 patients or their next of kin consented to participate in the study. Among those 20 patients, 5 in a vegetative state at 18 months remained so beyond 3 years, and the other 15 patients remained severely disabled after a median follow-up of 5 years. The patients' average daily activity per the mBI (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] = −0.661, p = 0.01) and SF-36 physical score (r = −0.543, p = 0.037) were inversely correlated with the severity of TBI. However, the SF-36 mental scores of the patients were reasonably high (median 46, interquartile range 37–52). The majority of patients and their next of kin believed that they would have provided consent for surgical decompression even if they had known the eventual outcome.

Conclusions
Substantial physical recovery beyond 18 months after decompressive craniectomy for severe TBI was not observed; however, many patients appeared to have recalibrated their expectations regarding what they believed to be an acceptable quality of life.
« Perúpetro est ton ami » : un gouvernement des contestataires en Amazonie péruvienne
Authors: Buu-Sao Doris 
Published: October 2013

En Amazonie péruvienne, les acteurs de l’extraction pétrolière se saisissent de l’appareil de la participation de manière à pacifier les conflits suscités par leur activité. Les mécanismes participatifs se présentent comme des instruments adaptables aux modalités de contestation. Ils vont de pair avec les techniques des compagnies privées pour établir des relations « harmonieuses » avec les populations locales. L’ethnographie d’un de ces interstices institutionnels de la participation, où des acteurs publics et privés du secteur extractif tissent des relations d’« amitié » avec certaines élites locales, donne à voir un « gouvernement des contestataires », producteur d’un leadership indigène technique qui consent et participe à l’extraction pétrolière.
La guerre, toujours recommencée
Authors: David Dominique 
Published: October 2013

Le monde des conflits n’est pas un : il juxtapose des espaces, des logiques, des acteurs très divers. Pour l’heure, aucune logique transnationale, ou de puissance, ne semble pouvoir réguler ces conflits. Leurs causes demeurent multiples, les acteurs susceptibles de peser sur le système international se font plus nombreux et les puissances peinent à maîtriser l’éventail des affrontements possibles. Le monde des conflits du xxi e siècle sera ainsi à la fois familier et inédit.
Comme des pépins de grenade dispersés
Authors: Uysal Ayşen 
Published: October 2013

Cet article analyse l’impact de la répression sur le militantisme en se focalisant sur le devenir des militants politiques turcs des années 1970 suite au coup d’État militaire de 1980. Nous nous demandons quel impact la répression militaire a eu sur une organisation de masse précise, Devrimci-Yol (DY), comment les trajectoires militantes ont été affectées par la répression, tout en nous demandant plus généralement en quoi et comment elle a pu modifier les formes et l’intensité de l’engagement. C’est l’étude de la construction sociale de l’ exit et de la voice face à la répression subie par les militants de la DY qui constitue le fil directeur de cette contribution, en tentant de tenir ensemble trois niveaux d’analyse : contextuel, organisationnel et individuel. Cet article entend démontrer que les effets de la répression tiennent autant aux formes de la répression elle-même qu’aux ressources initiales des militants victimes, à l’espace de mobilisation dans lequel ils s’inscrivent et aux transformations sociopolitiques que connaît la Turquie dans la période.
Community, Rights and the Self: Comparing Critical Realism, George Herbert Mead and Beth Singer
Authors: Pratten Stephen 
Published: October 2013

Résumé Ce document examine les liens entre la manière de rendre compte de la réalité sociale esquissée par George Herbert Mead et développée par Beth Singer et la contrepartie que l’on trouve chez les promoteurs du réalisme critique. Que ce soit principalement dans l’optique d’une défense de la pertinence des contributions de Mead ou dans la perspective d’un raffinement de l’ontologie sociale associée au réalisme critique, les auteurs qui ont déjà comparé ces perspectives ont considéré avant tout les différences. Dans cet article, je soutiens qu’il existe des similitudes importantes entre la manière de rendre compte de la collectivité, des normes et des droits chez Mead et Singer et les thèses récentes énoncées de certains partisans du réalisme critique. En outre, je suggère que dans les cas mêmes où les limitations de l’analyse de Mead sont évidentes, par exemple dans sa description par trop « socialisée » du soi, diverses réponses aux critiques peuvent être apportée et plus d’une se trouve en cohérence avec des aspects centraux du réalisme critique.