bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial Frequency Tuning Reveals Interactions between the Dorsal and Ventral Visual Systems
Authors: Mahon Bradford Z. , Kumar Nicholas , Almeida Jorge 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
It is widely argued that the ability to recognize and identify manipulable objects depends on the retrieval and simulation of action-based information associated with using those objects. Evidence for that view comes from fMRI studies that have reported differential BOLD contrast in dorsal visual stream regions when participants view manipulable objects compared with a range of baseline categories. An alternative interpretation is that processes internal to the ventral visual pathway are sufficient to support the visual identification of manipulable objects and that the retrieval of object-associated use information is contingent on analysis of the visual input by the ventral stream. Here, we sought to distinguish these two perspectives by exploiting the fact that the dorsal stream is largely driven by magnocellular input, which is biased toward low spatial frequency visual information. Thus, any tool-selective responses in parietal cortex that are driven by high spatial frequencies would be indicative of inputs from the ventral visual pathway. Participants viewed images of tools and animals containing only low, or only high, spatial frequencies during fMRI. We find an internal parcellation of left parietal “tool-preferring” voxels: Inferior aspects of left parietal cortex are driven by high spatial frequency information and have privileged connectivity with ventral stream regions that show similar category preferences, whereas superior regions are driven by low spatial frequency information. Our findings suggest that the automatic activation of complex object-associated manipulation knowledge is contingent on analysis of the visual input by the ventral visual pathway.
A review of the literature on the social and environmental factors which influence children (aged 3–5 years) to be obese/overweight and the accuracy of parental perceptions
Authors: McMullan Julie , Keeney Sinead 
Published: February 2013

Objective: This article aims to review the previously published literature on the social and environmental factors which influence children (aged 3–5 years) to be obese/overweight and the accuracy of parental perceptions. Obesity levels are on the increase in today’s society and habits are being passed from parents to children, with family lifestyle choices often influencing this health condition. Childhood obesity has many consequences; therefore it is vital that action is taken to stop this epidemic spreading further. Design: A variety of databases and websites were used to search for relevant and up-to-date research studies and information on the subject of childhood obesity. Setting: There appears to be a dearth of research focusing on nursery and primary one-aged children, especially within the United Kingdom (UK). Therefore the literature focuses on this group within the population. Method: Several studies on childhood obesity were identified and critically analysed in the following areas: childhood obesity and environment, childhood obesity and socioeconomic status. Results: It became obvious from the identified studies that there is no clear solution to solving the issue of obesity in young children. Conclusion: It appears that targeting several factors within their lives is the only way to begin to see a change in children’s lifestyles which will hopefully be passed onto future generations.
Effects of Knowledge and Internal Locus of Control in Groups of Health Care Workers Judging Likelihood of Pathogen Transfer
Authors: McLaughlin Anne Collins , Walsh Fran , Bryant Michelle 
Published: February 2013

Objective: A study was conducted to measure the effects of attitudes and beliefs on the risk judgments of health care workers. Background: Lack of hand hygiene compliance is a worldwide issue in health care, contributing to infections, fatalities, and increased health care costs. Human factors methods are a promising solution to the problem of compliance, although thus far, the concentration has been on process and engineering methods, such as the design of no-touch sinks. Factors internal to the health care worker, such as their attitudes and beliefs about hand hygiene, have received less attention. Method: For this study, three groups of health care workers completed measures of attitudes, control beliefs, and hand hygiene knowledge. They then provided risk judgments of touching various surfaces via a factorial survey. Results: Attitudes, knowledge, control beliefs, and surface type all predicted the risk judgments of the sample of health care workers, with differences between professional groups. Conclusion: Health care workers perceive less risk when touching surfaces, which may explain historically low rates of hand hygiene compliance after surface contact. Application: Although more research is needed to directly connect risk judgments to failures of hand hygiene, the current results can inform interventions targeting the internal attitudes and beliefs of health care workers.
Comparison of Hamstring Strain Injury Rates Between Male and Female Intercollegiate Soccer Athletes
Authors: Cross Kevin M. , Gurka Kelly K. , Saliba Susan , Conaway Mark , Hertel Jay 
Published: February 2013

Background: Hamstring strains are common among soccer athletes, and they have a high incidence of recurrence. Among American collegiate soccer players, men have an overall higher incidence rate of hamstring strains than women. Purpose: This research compares the hamstring strain injury rates in event and athlete characteristics between male and female college soccer athletes. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: Data describing partial and complete hamstring strains were obtained from the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance System (ISS) for men’s and women’s soccer from 2004 to 2009. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing the incidence of hamstring strains between the sexes as well as during games versus practices and the preseason versus the in-season were calculated. χ2 tests were used to compare the occurrence of hamstring strains across different event and athlete characteristics. Results: Men were 64% more likely than women to sustain a hamstring strain (IRR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.37-1.96). Men had significantly higher rates of hamstring strains than women during both games (IRR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.82-3.23) and practices (IRR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.06-1.68). There were no differences between men and women in injury rates during the preseason, but men were significantly more likely to sustain a hamstring strain during the in-season (IRR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.56-2.52). Men had a significantly higher proportion of recurrent hamstring strains compared with women (men, 22%; women, 12%; P = .003). There were no significant differences in the distribution of strains in event or athlete characteristics between men and women for first-time or recurrent hamstring strains. Conclusion: In collegiate soccer, men have significantly higher rates of hamstring strains than women, and regardless of the recurrence status, the event and athlete characteristics were similar for both sexes. Identifying common characteristics may assist in the targeted development of preventive and rehabilitative programs as well as continued research on hamstring strains among collegiate soccer players.
Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Focused Shock Waves in the Treatment of Jumper’s Knee in Athletes
Authors: Vetrano Mario , Castorina Anna , Vulpiani Maria Chiara , Baldini Rossella , Pavan Antonio , Ferretti Andrea 
Published: February 2013

Background: Tendinopathies represent a serious challenge for orthopaedic surgeons involved in treatment of athletes. Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and safety of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections and focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in athletes with jumper’s knee. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Forty-six consecutive athletes with jumper’s knee were selected for this study and randomized into 2 treatment groups: 2 autologous PRP injections over 2 weeks under ultrasound guidance (PRP group; n = 23), and 3 sessions of focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (2.400 impulses at 0.17-0.25 mJ/mm2 per session) (ESWT group; n = 23). The outcome measures were Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Patella (VISA-P) questionnaire, pain visual analog scale (VAS), and modified Blazina scale. A reviewer who was blinded as to the group allocation of participants performed outcome assessments before treatment and at 2, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Nonparametric tests were used for within-group (Friedman/Wilcoxon test) and between-group (Kruskal-Wallis/Fisher test) testing, and the significance level was set at .05. Results: The 2 groups were homogeneous in terms of age, sex, level of sports participation, and pretreatment clinical status. Patients in both groups showed statistically significant improvement of symptoms at all follow-up assessments. The VISA-P, VAS, and modified Blazina scale scores showed no significant differences between groups at 2-month follow-up ( P = .635, .360, and .339, respectively). The PRP group showed significantly better improvement than the ESWT group in VISA-P, VAS scores at 6- and 12-month follow-up, and modified Blazina scale score at 12-month follow-up ( P < .05 for all). Conclusion: Therapeutic injections of PRP lead to better midterm clinical results compared with focused ESWT in the treatment of jumper’s knee in athletes.
Cytotoxic and phytotoxic actions of Heliotropium strigosum
Authors: Shah Syed Majid , Hussain Sajid , Khan Arif-ullah , Shah Azhar-ul-Haq Ali , Khan Haroon , Ullah Farhat , Barkatullah  
Published: February 2013

This study describes the cytotoxic and phytotoxic activities of the crude extract of Heliotropium strigosum and its resultant fractions. In brine shrimp toxicology assays, profound cytotoxicity was displayed by ethyl acetate (LD50 8.3 μg/ml) and chloroform (LD50 8.8 μg/ml) fractions, followed by relatively weak crude methanolic extract of H. strigosum (LD50 909 μg/ml) and n-hexane fraction (LD50 1000 μg/ml). In case of phytotoxicity activity against Lemna acquinoctialis, highest phytotoxic effect was showed by ethyl acetate fraction (LD50 91.0 μg/ml), while chloroform fraction, plant crude extract and n-hexane, respectively, caused 50%, 30.76 ± 1.1% and 30.7 ± 1.1% inhibitory action at maximum concentration used, that is, 1000 μg/ml. These data indicates that H. strigosum exhibits cytotoxic and phytotoxic potential, which explore its use as anticancer and herbicidal medicine. The ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were more potent for the evaluated toxicity effects, thus recommended for isolation and identification of the active compounds.
The periodontal health of lead-exposed children living in a shipyard industrial area
Authors: Youravong Nattaporn , Teanpaisan Rawee 
Published: February 2013

In a cross-sectional design, 292 schoolchildren living around a shipyard area, known to be contaminated with lead from shipyard industry, were examined to verify the association between lead exposure and periodontal health. The probing pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing, plaque and calculus, and the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ( Aa) in subgingival crevices were recorded. Gingival inflammation was the most common (98%) among children in the area. No significant difference in gingival inflammation was observed between high blood lead (PbB) and low PbB children. The prevalence rate of probing PD of ≥5 mm was 14%. The high PbB group showed more deep pockets at tooth 16 (upper right first permanent molar) and tooth 46 (lower right first permanent molar) than the low PbB group. The odds ratios (ORs) for having probing PD ≥5 mm after adjusting for other factors were 3.63 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24–10.61; p = 0.02) for tooth 16 and 3.93 (95% CI, 1.18–13.00; p = 0.02) for tooth 46. The presence of Aa was observed in 17% of the children and it significantly increased in high PbB compared with low PbB children at tooth 46 (OR = 5.53, 95% CI: 1.68–18.15; p = 0.005). This study may suggest no association between lead exposure and gingival inflammation, yet there was the involvement of deeper periodontal tissue in lead-exposed children.
Infections With Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Charcot Arthropathy of the Foot
Authors: Illgner Ulrich , Uekoetter Andreas , Runge Sabrina , Wetz Hans Henning 
Published: February 2013

Background: Patients with Charcot arthropathy present a high risk for ulcers with secondary bone infection. Infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa represent a severe threat to the patients. We hypothesized that infections with P aeruginosa result in a longer stay in hospital and more operations than infections with other bacteria. Methods: All patients who underwent surgery for Charcot arthropathy of the feet between 1996 and 2006 (n = 205) in our clinic were included. The duration of hospitalization and number of surgeries for infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) versus P aeruginosa were compared to infections with other bacteria. All patients were scanned for MRSA and were isolated when tested positive and treated according to a defined algorithm. Results: Seventy-nine intraoperative samples exhibited bacterial growth: 12 cases of MRSA, 14 cases of P aeruginosa, and 53 case of other bacteria. Patients with deep infections due to P aeruginosa stayed significantly longer in the hospital (52 vs 35 days, P < .041) and needed significantly more surgery (1.71 vs 1.28 surgeries, P < .027). There was no significant difference between patients with MRSA infections and those without MRSA or P aeruginosa. Conclusion: Infections with P aeruginosa resulted in more surgeries and a longer stay in the hospital. Early debridement is the basic treatment. A specific algorithm for isolation and operative and antibiotic treatment for P aeruginosa infections is proposed similar to an algorithm for MRSA that has been shown to be successful. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case Series.
Clinical Outcome and Magnetic Resonance Imaging after Osteochondral Autologous Transplantation in Osteochondritis Dissecans of the Talus
Authors: Woelfle Julia V. , Reichel Heiko , Javaheripour-Otto Katayoun , Nelitz Manfred 
Published: February 2013

Background: Osteochondral autologous transplantation (OAT) has been performed for years for osteochondritis dissecans of the knee with good clinical results. In osteochondritis dissecans of the talus, however, OAT represents a challenge to the orthopaedic surgeon as frequently malleolar osteotomy has to be performed for exposure of the talus and the harvesting of the osteochondral graft usually requires an arthrotomy of the knee. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the clinical outcome of OAT in 32 patients (mean follow-up 29 months) by means of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale, ankle pain on the visual analogue scale (VAS), HSS Patella Score, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the osteochondral graft. Results: Median AOFAS score was 86, median ankle pain on VAS was 2.0, and median HSS Patella score was 95. Complications included 1 case of delayed wound healing and 1 case of nonunion of the malleolar osteotomy requiring revision surgery. MRI findings were abnormal in 14 out of 28 cases; however, with the numbers available in our study no correlation to clinical outcome could be detected. Conclusion: OAT in osteochondritis dissecans of the talus was a safe procedure with good clinical results. As abnormal MRI finding was not necessarily diagnostically conclusive, MRI might be of limited value in postoperative follow-up. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
A Model of Hypoxia-Reoxygenation on Isolated Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Portal Lolita , Martin Valérie , Assaly Rana , d'Anglemont de Tassigny Alexandra , Michineau Stéphanie , Berdeaux Alain , Ghaleh Bijan , Pons Sandrine 
Published: February 2013

The use of in vitro experimental models of hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) that mimic in vivo ischemia-reperfusion represents a powerful tool to investigate cardioprotective strategies against myocardial infarction. Most in vitro studies are performed using neonatal cardiac cells or immortalized embryonic cardiac cell lines which may limit the extrapolation of the results. We developed an H/R model using adult cardiomyocytes freshly isolated from mice and compared its characteristics to the in vivo ischemia-reperfusion conditions. First, cell death was assessed at different values of pH medium during hypoxia (6.2 vs 7.4) to simulate extracellular pH during in vivo ischemia. Cardiomyocyte mortality was aggravated with hypoxia under acidic pH. We next evaluated the relationship between the duration of hypoxia and cell death. Hypoxia time-dependently reduced myocyte viability (−24%, −36%, −53%, and −74% with 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 hours of hypoxia followed by 17 hours of reoxygenation, respectively). We then focused on the duration of reoxygenation as cardioprotective strategies have been reported to have different effects with short and long durations of reperfusion. We observed that cardiomyocyte mortality was increased when the duration of reoxygenation was increased from 2 h to 17 hours. Finally, we used our characterized model to investigate the cardioprotective effect of regular treadmill exercise. Myocyte viability was significantly greater in exercised when compared to sedentary mice (44% and 26%, respectively). Similarly, mice submitted to in vivo ischemia-reperfusion elicited infarct sizes reaching 27%, 43%, and 55% with 20, 30, and 45 minutes of coronary artery occlusion. In addition, infarct size was significantly reduced by exercise. In conclusion, this H/R model of cardiomyocytes freshly isolated from adult mice shows similar characteristics to the in vivo ischemia-reperfusion conditions. The comparison of in vivo and in vitro settings represents a powerful approach to investigate cardioprotective strategies and to distinguish between direct and indirect cardiomyocyte-dependent mechanisms.
Building partnerships in social work education: Towards achieving collaborative advantage for employers and universities
Authors: Wilson George 
Published: February 2013

Summary Better partnership working between employers and academic institutions has recently been identified as one of the key developments needed to improve social work education and practice in the UK (Social Work Reform Board, 2010). However, the praxis of collaborative working in social work education remains under-researched and it is unclear what factors are significant in promoting effective partnership. This article contributes to this debate by reporting research that examined the experience of social work academics working with employers to deliver qualifying level social work education in Northern Ireland. Findings This analysis explores key factors in the dynamics of the collaborative process and identifies both congruence and discord in academic and employer perspectives. The findings highlight the collaborative advantage accruing from partnership working, which include the benefits of a centrally coordinated system for the management and delivery of practice learning. However, the results also indicate that engaging in partnership working is a complex process that can create conflict and tensions, and that it is important to ground collaborations in realistic expectations of what can be achieved. Application This article identifies opportunities for achieving collaborative advantage and the challenges. It identifies lessons learned about the value of partnership working in social work education and ways to increase its efficacy.
VCAM-1 and VAP-1 recruit myeloid cells that promote pulmonary metastasis in mice
Authors: Ferjančič Špela , Gil-Bernabé Ana M. , Hill Sally A. , Allen Philip D. , Richardson Peter , Sparey Tim , Savory Edward , McGuffog Jane , Muschel Ruth J. 
Published: February 2013

Key PointsMetastatic tumor cell attachment induces endothelial VCAM-1 and VAP-1. VCAM-1 and VAP-1 promote metastatic tumor cell survival by recruiting myeloid cells, pointing to VAP-1 as a therapeutic target.
Solvability and iterative algorithms for a system of generalized nonlinear mixed quasivariational inclusions with "Equation missing"-monotone operators
Authors: Liu Zeqing , Wang Lili , Ume Jeong Sheok , Kang Shin Min 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce and discuss a new system of generalized nonlinear mixed quasivariational inclusions with(Hi,ηi)-monotone operators in Hilbert spaces, which includes several systems of variational inequalities and variational inclusions as special cases. By employing the resolvent operator technique associated with(Hi,ηi)-monotone operators, we suggest two iterative algorithms for computing the approximate solutions of the system of generalized nonlinear mixed quasivariational inclusions. Under certain conditions, we obtain the existence of solutions for the system of generalized nonlinear mixed quasivariational inclusions and prove the convergence of the iterative sequences generated by the iterative algorithms. The results presented in this paper extend, improve and unify many known results in recent literature.MSC:47J20, 49J40.
Reversible tetraplegia after percutaneous nephrostolithotomy and septic shock: a case of critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy with acute onset and complete recovery
Authors: Li Hai , Wu Li-Min , Kong Xiang-Bo , Hou Yi , Zhao Rui , Li Hong-Yan , Zhang Hong-Liang 
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Background
Critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) and critical illness myopathy (CIM) are complications causing weakness of respiratory and limb muscles in critically ill patients. As an important differential diagnosis of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), CIP and CIM should be diagnosed with caution, after a complete clinical and laboratory examination. Although not uncommon in ICU, CIP and CIM as severe complications of percutaneous nephrostolithotomy (PNL) have not been documented in literature.

Case presentation
A 48-year-old Chinese woman was referred to our hospital, complaining of occasional pain in the right lower back for one month. Lithiasis was diagnosed by ultrasonographical and radiological examinations on the urinary system. PNL was indicated and performed. The patient developed CIP and CIM on the fourth day after PNL. Early recognition and treatment of the severe complications contributed to a satisfactory recovery of the patient.

Conclusion
This case expands our understanding of the complications of PNL and underscores the importance of differentiating CIP/CIM from GBS in case of such patients developing weakness after the treatment. Clinical characteristics and examination results should be carefully evaluated to make the diagnosis of CIP or CIM. Both anti-septic prophylaxis and control of hyperglycemia might be effective for the prevention of CIP or CIM; aggressive treatment on sepsis and multiple organ failure is considered to be the most effective measure to reduce the incidence of CIP/CIM.