bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid and efficient bioconversion of chicory inulin to fructose by immobilized thermostable inulinase from Aspergillus tubingensis CR16
Authors: Trivedi Sneha , Divecha Jyoti , Shah Tapan , Shah Amita 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background
Fructose, a monosaccharide, has gained wide applications in food, pharmaceutical and medical industries because of its favourable properties and health benefits. Biocatalytic production of fructose from inulin employing inulinase is the most promising alternative for fructose production. For commercial production, use of immobilized inulinase is advantageous as it offers reutilization of enzyme and increase in stability. In order to meet the demand of concentrated fructose syrup, inulin hydrolysis at high substrate loading is essential.

Results
Inulinase was immobilized on chitosan particles and employed for fructose production by inulin hydrolysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed linkage of inulinase with chitosan particles. Immobilized biocatalyst displayed significant increase in thermostability at 60 and 65 °C. Statistical model was proposed with an objective of optimizing enzymatic inulin hydrolytic process. At high substrate loading (17.5 % inulin), using 9.9 U/g immobilized inulinase at 60 °C in 12 h, maximum sugar yield was 171.1 ± 0.3 mg/ml and productivity was 14.25 g/l/h. Immobilized enzyme was reused for ten cycles. Raw inulin from chicory and asparagus was extracted and supplied in 17.5 % for enzymatic hydrolysis as a replacement of pure inulin. More than 70 % chicory inulin and 85 % asparagus inulin were hydrolyzed under optimized parameters at 60 °C. Results of high performance liquid chromatography confirmed the release of fructose after inulin hydrolysis.

Conclusions
The present findings prove potentiality of immobilized thermostable inulinase from Aspergillus tubingensis CR16 for efficient production of fructose syrup. Successful immobilization of inulinase on chitosan increased its stability and provided the benefit of enzyme reutilization. Box-Behnken design gave a significant model for inulin hydrolysis. Extraction of raw inulin from chicory and asparagus and their enzymatic hydrolysis using immobilized inulinase suggested that it can be a remarkable cost-effective process for large-scale fructose production.
Large-scale forest inventories of the United States and China reveal positive effects of biodiversity on productivity
Authors: Watson James V , Liang Jingjing , Tobin Patrick C , Lei Xiangdong , Rentch James S , Artis Catherine E 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background
With the loss of species worldwide due to anthropogenic factors, especially in forested ecosystems, it has become more urgent than ever to understand the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationship (BEFR). BEFR research in forested ecosystems is very limited and thus studies that incorporate greater geographic coverage and structural complexity are needed.

Methods
We compiled ground-measured data from approx. one half million forest inventory sample plots across the contiguous United States, Alaska, and northeastern China to map tree species richness, forest stocking, and productivity at a continental scale. Based on these data, we investigated the relationship between forest productivity and tree species diversity, using a multiple regression analysis and a non-parametric approach to account for spatial autocorrelation.

Results
In general, forests in the eastern United States consisted of more tree species than any other regions in the country. The highest forest stocking values over the entire study area were concentrated in the western United States and Central Appalachia. Overall, 96.4 % of sample plots (477,281) showed a significant positive effect of species richness on site productivity, and only 3.6 % (17,349) had an insignificant or negative effect.

Conclusions
The large number of ground-measured plots, as well as the magnitude of geographic scale, rendered overwhelming evidence in support of a positive BEFR. This empirical evidence provides insights to forest management and biological conservation across different types of forested ecosystems. Forest timber productivity may be impaired by the loss of species in forests, and biological conservation, due to its potential benefits on maintaining species richness and productivity, can have profound impacts on the functioning and services of forested ecosystems.
Bioavailability of surface dissolved organic matter to aphotic bacterial communities in the Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica
Authors: Sipler Rachel E. , Connelly Tara L. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Antarctic seas, and particularly the Amundsen Sea Polynya, are some of the most productive oceanic regions on Earth. Ice-algal production during austral spring is followed by open-water pelagic production later in the season. Although ice-free growth accounts for a greater percentage of the annual net primary production, ice algae provide an important source of nutrients to organisms throughout the water column and benthos in areas and seasons when open-water production is insignificant. The objectives of this study were to assess the bioavailability of dissolved organic matter (DOM), sourced from ice algae or the chlorophyll maximum (chl max), to marine bacterioplankton and to determine the fate of carbon within these different DOM pools, including loss to respiration, incorporation into bacterial biomass and retention within the DOM pool itself. Nutrient concentrations and bacterial abundance, production, and cell volume were monitored during a 7-day bioassay study involving four treatments conducted shipboard in the Amundsen Sea Polynya, Antarctica. The greatest response in bacterial abundance and activity was observed when ice-algal meltwater was supplied to aphotic zone bacterioplankton collected from 170-m depth. However, bacterial growth efficiency was higher (24%) when chl max water was supplied to the same aphotic zone bacterial community compared to the bacterial growth efficiency of the ice-algal treatment (15%). Approximately 15% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from the ice-algal source and 18% from the chl max was consumed by aphotic bacterial communities over the relatively short, one-week incubation. In contrast, 65% of the dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) added as an integral part of the ice-algal DOM was consumed, but none of the DON supplied with chl max water was labile. This study underscores the importance of considering DOM sources when investigating or predicting changes in carbon and nitrogen cycling within the Amundsen Sea.
Robust stability of a class of uncertain fractional order linear systems with pure delay
Authors: Busłowicz Mikołaj , Ruszewski Andrzej 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper considers the robust stability problem of uncertain continuous-time fractional order linear systems with pure delay in the following two cases: a) the state matrix is a linear convex combination of two known constant matrices, b) the state matrix is an interval matrix. It is shown that the system is robustly stable if and only if all the eigenvalues of the state matrix multiplied by delay in power equal to fractional order are located in the open stability region in the complex plane. Parametric description of boundary of this region is derived. In the case a) the necessary and sufficient computational condition for robust stability is established. This condition is given in terms of eigenvalue-loci of the state matrix, fractional order and time delay. In the case b) the method for determining the rectangle with sides parallel to the axes of the complex plane in which all the eigenvalues of interval matrix are located is given and the sufficient condition for robust stability is proposed. This condition is satisfied if the rectangle multiplied by delay in power equal to fractional order lie in the stability region. The considerations are illustrated by numerical examples.
Permutation, no-wait, no-idle flow shop problems
Authors: Makuchowski Mariusz 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper compares the schedules of different variants of the flow shop problem, i.e. permutation, no waiting and no idle flow shop problems. It is assessed the impact of the constraints on the extension of the schedules and correlations of the length of the schedules for these variants. It is also examined the effectiveness of a set of insert type algorithms. The efficiency of the algorithms is tested on well-known literature benchmarks.
Descriptor standard and positive discrete-time nonlinear systems
Authors: Kaczorek Tadeusz 
Published: July 2015

AbstractA method of analysis of descriptor nonlinear discrete-time systems with regular pencils of linear part is proposed. The method is based on the Weierstrass-Kronecker decomposition of the pencils. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the positivity of the nonlinear systems are established. A procedure for computing the solution to the equations describing the nonlinear systems are proposed and demonstrated on numerical examples.
Dynamic Properties of Concrete Composite Panels under Eccentric Compression Loading Tests
Authors: de Castro Magalhaes Max , da Silva Roberto M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The main aim of this paper is to examine the variability of some dynamic properties of concrete composite panels to in-plane eccentric compression loads via static and dynamic impact testing. First, experimental tests were performed in order to obtain the dynamic and static properties of concrete composite panels. In-plane eccentric loads were statically applied to a couple of panels in ten uniform steps. For each step, dynamic impact testing was performed and the modal damping, peak amplitude and natural frequencies obtained. Second, a ‘hybrid’ model, based on the concepts of modal analysis and the Finite Element Method, was developed in order to obtain the natural frequencies and corresponding normal modes of the composite panels within the frequency range 0–200 Hz. For this model, an initial warp of the panel middle surface was incorporated into the formulation in order to represent the applied flexural moment provoked by the eccentric in-plane loads. The accuracy of the ‘hybrid’ model was verified by comparison with the experimental results. Third, comparison is made between predictions (using on the ‘hybrid’ model) and experimental results.
Be-nign Shmuel-bukh: On the Melody (or Melodies) Mentioned in Old-Yiddish Epics
Authors: Roman Oren 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDie meisten altjiddischen Bibeldichtungen verwenden ebenso wie auch einige andere altjiddische Texte die gleiche, aus vier Versen bestehende Strophenform. Diese Struktur wird oft
Use of (R)-Mandelic Acid as Chiral Co-Catalyst in the Michael Addition Reaction Organocatalyzed by (1S,4S)-2-Tosyl-2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane under Solvent-Free Conditions
Authors: Ávila-Ortiz C. Gabriela , López-Ortiz Manuel , Vega-Peñaloza Alberto , Regla Ignacio , Juaristi Eusebio 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis article describes a study on the Michael addition reaction of cyclohexanone to nitroolefins catalyzed by the chiral secondary amine (1S,4S)-2-tosyl- 2,5-diazabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane. Reactions were carried out under solvent-free conditions to make them more environmentally friendly. Initially, the observed diastereoand enantioselectivities were moderate to good, but were significantly improved by lowering the reaction temperature. Furthermore, a variety of chiral acids were also tested as co-catalysts in both of their enantiomeric forms, which revealed that (R)-mandelic acid affords excellent results in terms of yield and stereoselectivity. Monitoring the reaction by MS-TOF allowed for the detection of key reaction intermediates, and a reasonable reaction mechanism in which both catalysts are involved is proposed.
How image and text semantic analysis systems can be applied for educational and teaching purposes
Authors: Stašák Jozef 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This contribution deals with algorithm closely related to design and implementation of simple database conceptual models based on terms and principles concerned to image and text semantic analysis, while the term deterministic image is being postulated and introduced and its structure elements are described. On the other hand, the presented contribution contains a set of adequate information, how that algorithm may be applied in teaching concerned to simple database conceptual model.
Karl Krumbacher and the history of Byzantine literature
Authors: Agapitos Panagiotis A. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe paper (structured in five parts) examines how Karl Krumbacher (1856-1909) formulated his major concepts about Byzantine literature and its history. After a brief look at Krumbacher’s formation as scholar, the main part of the paper examines the “history” of the writing of the Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur in its two editions, as well as the now forgotten Die griechische Litteratur des Mittelalters (1905), a chapter written for a popularizing volume on Greek and Latin literature. The main aim of the paper is to show which exactly were Krumbacher’s concepts on periodization, literature, language and culture in Byzantine times, and how these concepts influenced the way in which Byzantine and Early Modern Greek was viewed and studied until very recently.
Holomorphic Poisson Cohomology
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Grandini Daniele , Poon Yat-Sun 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Holomorphic Poisson structures arise naturally in the realm of generalized geometry. A holomorphic
Poisson structure induces a deformation of the complex structure in a generalized sense, whose cohomology
is obtained by twisting the Dolbeault @-operator by the holomorphic Poisson bivector field. Therefore,
the cohomology space naturally appears as the limit of a spectral sequence of a double complex. The first
sheet of this spectral sequence is simply the Dolbeault cohomology with coefficients in the exterior algebra of
the holomorphic tangent bundle. We identify various necessary conditions on compact complex manifolds
on which this spectral sequence degenerates on the level of the second sheet. The manifolds to our concern
include all compact complex surfaces, Kähler manifolds, and nilmanifolds with abelian complex structures
or parallelizable complex structures.
Cerodontha (Poemyza) unisetiorbita Zlobin, 1993 (Diptera: Agromyzidae), a leaf-miner on bamboo: first records from Central Europe/ Cerodontha (Poemyza) unisetiorbita Zlobin, 1993 (Diptera: Agromyzidae), vrtalka minující na bambusu: první nálezy ve střední Evropě.
Authors: Černý Miloš , Roháček Jindřich 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Cerodontha (Poemyza) unisetiorbita Zlobin, 1993 (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is added to the fauna of the Czech Republic and Germany, based on rearing records from the Zoological garden Zlín-Lešná (Czech Republic) and from the Bamboo garden near Hannover (Germany). The distribution and biology of C. (P.) unisetiorbita are reviewed. The new records are given with illustrated habitat and host-plant data and photographs of living females, puparium and a hymenopterous parasitoid (Braconidae) reared from the puparium, and their significance is discussed.
Self-Biased Magnetoelectric Composites: An Overview and Future Perspectives
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Maurya Deepam , Yan Yongke , Srinivasan Gopalan , Quandt Eckhard , Priya Shashank 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Self-biased magnetoelectric (ME) composites, defined as materials that enable large ME coupling under external AC magnetic field in the absence of DC magnetic field, are an interesting, challenging and practical field of research. In comparison to the conventional ME composites, eliminating the need of DC magnetic bias provides great potential towards device miniaturization and development of components for electronics and medical applications. In this review, the current state-of-the-art of the different self-biased structures, their working mechanisms, as well as their main characteristics are summarized. Further, the nature and requirement of the self-biased magnetoelectric response is discussed with respect to the specific applications. Lastly, the remaining challenges as well as future perspective of this research field are discussed.
Comparison of the Flight Loads Spectra of Two Business Jets
Authors: Kliment Linda K. , Rokhsaz Kamran 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Operational flight loads have been analyzed from two business jets, a Global 5000 and a Global Express XRS. It is shown that both airframes were subjected to nearly the same number of ground-air-ground cycles, even though the flight times were much different. Flights have been divided into various phases, and loads and turbulence data have been categorized by altitude bands within each phase. Cumulative occurrences of incremental vertical gust load factors have been compared and shown to be comparable for the two airframes. Maneuver load factors have been shown to spread over a wider range of values for the 5000 in every phase. This has been confirmed through comparison of combined loads with those from a CRJ100 and an ERJ-145XR. Derived gust velocities, obtained from the load factors are presented in the form of exceedance spectra. These results from both aircraft are shown to agree well
Selected Aspects Related to the Applied Loads Control During Fatigue Tests of a Metallic Airframe
Authors: Brzęczek Józef , Chodur Jerzy , Pietruszka Janusz 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Service life of the PZL M28 is computed based on the results of the full-scale fatigue tests of the structure [1]. As the PZL M28 is a commuter category airplane according to the 14 CFR Part 23 and CS-23 regulations, the test objects are: (1) wing and wing load carry-through structure, (2) empennage and attached fuselage structure. Additionally, there are fatigue tests carried out for the landing gear and other selected elements including control system elements. The aircraft load carry-through structure is metallic and the cabin is unpressurized. The fatigue tests are conducted stage-by-stage. As tests progress, it is possible to extend the aircraft target service life, applying the safe life philosophy with reference to the primary components of the load carry-through structure.
The article brings into attention the issue of the applied loads control in conducting fatigue tests of the metallic airframe.
Physician Self-Referral of Physical Therapy Services for Patients with Low Back Pain: Implications for Use, Types of Treatments Received and Expenditures
Authors: Mitchell Jean M. , Reschovsky James D. , Franzini Luisa , Reicherter Elizabeth Anne 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Prior research on treatment of low back pain has documented large increases in use of spinal surgery, MRIs and lumbosacral injections linked to physician self-referral arrangements. No recent research has examined whether physician ownership of physical therapy services results in greater use of physical therapy to treat low back pain. The objective of this study is to investigate whether physician ownership of physical therapy services affects frequency of use, visits and types of physical therapy services received by patients with low back pain. Using claims records from insured patients covered by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Texas (2008–2011) we compared several metrics of use of physical therapy services for low back pain episodes controlling for self-referral status. We identified 158,151 low back pain episodes, 27% met the criteria to be classified as “self-referral.” Only 10% of “non-self-referral” episodes received physical therapy compared to 26% of self-referral episodes (p<0.001). The unadjusted and regression adjusted self-referral effect was identical – about 16 percentage point difference (p<0.001). Among patients who received some physical therapy, self-referral episodes were comprised of 2.26 fewer visits and 11 fewer physical therapy service units (p<0.001). Non-self-referring episodes included a significantly higher proportion of “active” (hands on or patient engaged) as opposed to “passive” treatments (p<0.001). The regression-adjusted difference was 30 percentage points when measured as actual counts and 29 percentage points when measured in RVUs (p<0.001). Total spending on back-related care was 35% higher for self-referred episodes compared to their non-self-referred counterparts (p<0.001). Ownership of physical therapy services influence physicians’ referral to initiate a course of physical therapy to treat low back pain, but also affect the types of physical therapy services a patient receives.
The Relative Age Effect in Spanish Female Soccer Players. Influence of the Competitive Level and a Playing Position
Authors: Sedano Silvia , Vaeyens Roel , Redondo Juan Carlos 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The purposes of the study were to examine relative age effects (RAEs) in Spanish female soccer and to identify the influence of a playing position. The sample comprised all female players (n=4035) of five different competitive levels in the 2010-2013 seasons: First, Second and Third divisions (n=936, n=1711 and n=870, respectively), and National and Regional (n=232 and n=286, respectively) teams were included. Differences between the observed and expected birth-date distributions were tested based on data from the general Spanish population, using the chi-square statistic followed up by calculating odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results revealed that the birth-date distributions of almost all groups of football players showed an overrepresentation of players born in the first quartile. Only in the lowest level was age distribution not significantly different from that of the general population. Moreover, the RAE risk progressively increased with a higher level of involvement. It was also observed that at some playing positions the birth-date distributions were significantly biased. That was the case for goalkeepers and defenders. It could be concluded that in the current structure of Spanish female soccer there is a relative age effect, probably due to the early processes of talent identification.
Connecting Athletes’ Self-Perceptions and Metaperceptions of Competence: a Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Cecchini Jose A. , Fernández-Rio Javier , Méndez-Giménez Antonio 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This study explored the relationships between athletes’ competence self-perceptions and metaperceptions. Two hundred and fifty one student-athletes (14.26 ± 1.89 years), members of twenty different teams (basketball, soccer) completed a questionnaire which included the Perception of Success Questionnaire, the Competence subscale of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, and modified versions of both questionnaires to assess athletes’ metaperceptions. Structural equation modelling analysis revealed that athletes’ task and ego metaperceptions positively predicted task and ego self-perceptions, respectively. Competence metaperceptions were strong predictors of competence selfperceptions, confirming the atypical metaperception formation in outcome-dependent contexts such as sport. Task and ego metaperceptions positively predicted athletes’ competence metaperceptions. How coaches value their athletes’ competence is more influential on what the athletes think of themselves than their own self-perceptions. Athletes’ ego and task metaperceptions influenced their competence metaperceptions (how coaches rate their competence). Therefore, athletes build their competence metaperceptions using all information available from their coaches. Finally, only taskself perfections positively predicted athletes’ competence self-perceptions.