bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: T3P®‐Promoted Kabachnik—Fields Reaction: An Efficient Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates.
Authors: Milen Matyas , Abranyi‐Balogh Peter , Dansco Andras , Frigyes David , Pongo Laszlo , Keglevich Gyoergy 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe one‐pot three‐component reaction of aromatic amines (I), aromatic aldehydes (II) and triethyl phosphite (III) proceeds rapidly in the presence of propylphosphonic anhydride (T3P®) as condensing agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Natural Products. Part 69. A New Strategy for the Synthesis of Crucigasterin A, and Cytotoxic Activity of this Compound and Its Related Analogues.
Authors: Kumar Jayprakash Narayan , Reddy Parigi Raghavendra , Das Biswanath , Kumar C. Ganesh , Sujitha Pombala 
Published: January 2014

AbstractTitle compound (VIII) is synthesized starting from (L)‐(‐)‐malic acid (I) with 84% syn selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Densification Characteristics of ZrO2 Doped Pure Al2O3 Ceramics Synthesized Through Co‐Precipitation Route.
Authors: Chakraborty A. , Sanfui B. K. , Parya T. K. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDouble hydroxide hydrogels of Al and Zr (0—0.3 mol%) are coprecipitated from Al(O‐iPr)3 and ZrOCl2 in 1:1 iPr‐OH/H2O solution (pH 3.5—4, reflux).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation of Allyl Dienol Carbonates: Reactivity, Regioselectivity, Enantioselectivity, and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Arseniyadis Stellios , Fournier Jeremy , Thangavelu Saravanan , Lozano Oscar , Prevost Sebastien , Archambeau Alexis , Menozzi Candice , Cossy Janine 
Published: January 2014

AbstractReview: 144 refs.
A Critical Study of the Use of the Iodine Number in the Characterization of Activated Carbons
Authors: Möller Martin , Treese Julian , Pasel Christoph , Bathen Dieter 
Published: January 2014

AbstractZur Charakterisierung des Adsorptionsverhaltens von Aktivkohlen in der flüssigen Phase wird in der industriellen Praxis häufig die Jodzahl verwendet. Hersteller von Aktivkohlen verwenden dabei experimentelle Methoden, die verschiedenen Regelwerken (u. a. CEFIC 2.3 und ASTM D4607) entnommen sind. Dabei kommen unterschiedliche Methoden für die gleiche Kennzahl zur Anwendung, so dass Aktivkohlen verschiedener Hersteller oft nur unzureichend verglichen werden können. Diese Arbeit bietet daher einen systematischen Vergleich und eine kritische Bewertung von Methoden zur Messung der Jodzahl.
Filter‐based perturbation control of low‐frequency oscillation in voltage‐mode H‐bridge DC–AC inverter
Authors: Lu Weiguo , Zhao Naikuan , Wu Junke , El Aroudi Abdelali , Zhou Luowei 
Published: January 2014

SummaryThis paper presents a new additional perturbation control method for suppressing low‐frequency oscillation in voltage‐mode H‐bridge DC–AC inverter. The stability boundary of the H‐bridge inverter is investigated from its small‐signal averaged model. High input voltage and light load would cause low‐frequency oscillation in this system. To this end, a filter‐based perturbation control (FBPC) is proposed for eliminating this oscillation, by using an analog filter to extract the unexpected signal and applying it to the control loop. Theoretical results show a larger stability range of the controlled system with the proposed FBPC. The simulation and experiment results show that the proposed controller can control the low‐frequency oscillation in H‐bridge DC–AC inverter well. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing effects of native forest restoration on soil moisture dynamics and potential aquifer recharge, Auwahi, Maui
Authors: Perkins Kim S. , Nimmo John R. , Medeiros Arthur C. , Szutu Daphne J. , von Allmen Erica 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the role of soils in regulating water flow through the unsaturated zone is critical in assessing the influence of vegetation on soil moisture dynamics and aquifer recharge. Because of fire, introduced ungulates and landscape‐level invasion of non‐native grasses, less than 10% of original dry forest (~730 mm precipitation annually) still exists on leeward Haleakalā, Maui, Hawaiian Islands. Native dry forest restoration at Auwahi has demonstrated the potential for dramatic revegetation, allowing a unique experimental comparison of hydrologic function between tracts of restored forest and adjacent grasslands. We hypothesized that even relatively recent forest restoration can assist in the recovery of impaired hydrologic function, potentially increasing aquifer recharge. To compare restored forest and grassland sites, we experimentally irrigated and measured soil moisture and temperature with subsurface instrumentation at four locations within the reforested area and four within the grassland, each with a 2·5 × 2·5‐m plot. Compared with grassland areas, water in reforested sites moved to depth faster with larger magnitude changes in water content. The median first arrival velocity of water was greater by a factor of about 13 in the reforested sites compared with the grassland sites. This rapid transport of water to depths of 1 m or greater suggests increased potential aquifer recharge. Improved characterization of how vegetation and soils influence recharge is crucial for understanding the long‐term impacts of forest restoration on aquifer recharge and water resources, especially in moisture‐limited regions. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The role of neutrophils and G‐CSF in DNFB‐induced contact hypersensitivity in mice
Authors: Christensen Anne Deen , Skov Søren , Haase Claus 
Published: January 2014

AbstractNeutrophils are thought to play an important role during contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in mice, a notion which is supported by studies in which neutrophils are depleted by monoclonal antibodies (mAb). Here, we show that administration of the commonly used anti‐mouse Ly6G/C mAb (clone RB6.8C5) leads to depletion of not only neutrophils but also a population of monocytes and macrophages. In contrast, depletion using a Ly6G‐specific mAb (clone 1A8) only leads to depletion of neutrophils. We demonstrate that the anti‐Ly6G/C mAb suppresses the inflammatory response to a higher extent than the anti‐Ly6G mAb suggesting that the impact of neutrophil‐depletion in the CHS model may have been overstated when based on protocols using the anti‐Ly6G/C mAb. Still, the role of neutrophils in CHS is substantiated as we demonstrate that G‐CSF is an important regulator of neutrophil mobilization and effector function in CHS. Indeed, G‐CSF was detectable both in the inflamed tissue and in serum during the immune response and we show that blocking G‐CSF results in a reduced number of neutrophils in the blood and an attenuation of the ear‐swelling response in the tissue.In conclusion, this study supports that neutrophils are important drivers of inflammation in the DNFB‐induced CHS model and shows that G‐CSF is a significant factor in mobilizing neutrophils during the response.
Coping With Vicarious Trauma in the Aftermath of a Natural Disaster
Authors: Smith Lauren E. , Bernal Darren R. , Schwartz Billie S. , Whitt Courtney L. , Christman Seth T. , Donnelly Stephanie , Wheatley Anna , Guillaume Casta , Nicolas Guerda , Kish Jonathan , Kobetz Erin 
Published: January 2014

This study documents the vicarious psychological impact of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti on Haitians living in the United States. The role of coping resources—family, religious, and community support—was explored. The results highlight the importance of family and community as coping strategies to manage such trauma.Este estudio documenta el impacto psicológico vicario que tuvo el terremoto de 2010 en Haití sobre los residentes haitianos que viven en Estados Unidos. Se explora el papel de los recursos de afrontamiento—apoyo familiar, religioso y comunitario. Lo resultados destacan la importancia de la familia y la comunidad como estrategias de afrontamiento para superar un trauma de esas características.
Investigation on Reference Intervals and Regional Differences of Platelet Indices in Healthy Chinese Han Adults
Authors: Hong Jiang , Min Zhao , Bai‐shen Pan , Jie Zhang , Ming‐ting Peng , Xian‐zhang Huang , Xiao‐ke Hao , Lan‐lan Wang , Xin Zhang , Wei Guo , Rui Qiao , Wen‐xiang Chen , Xin‐zhong Wu , Yue‐yun Ma , Hong Shang 
Published: January 2014

BackgroundReference intervals are important for interpretation of clinical laboratory tests. The platelet (PLT) indices such as the mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) are newer hematological parameters, which have been recently reported as clinically valuable biomarkers. However, there are not many studies that have estimated the reference intervals for these parameters in healthy Chinese Han adults.ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to establish reference values of PLT indices [including PLT count, MPV, PDW, platelet‐large cell ratio (P‐LCR), and plateletcrit (Pct)] for healthy Chinese Han adults. We also aimed to determine the region‐based differences of PLT indices in China.MethodsA total of 4,642 volunteers with a mean age of 43 were recruited from six regions of China. PLT indices were performed on Sysmex XE‐2100 hematology analyzers, whose traceability was well verified.ResultsThere were significant region‐based differences for all PLT indices. Reference people in Chengdu had the lowest mean PLT count and Pct, but the highest MPV, PDW, and P‐LCR among the six regions. Therefore, we derived the reference intervals in Chinese Han population excluding Chengdu reference people for PLT indices as PLT count: (127–341) × 109/l; MPV: (9.20–13.30) fl; PDW: 9.90–19.00%; P‐LCR: 18.10–52.00%; Pct: 16.00–41.00%.ConclusionsRegion‐specific reference intervals are essential as there were statistically significant region‐related differences in the PLT parameters. The reference intervals established in this study differed from the existing reference values. Chengdu region may need proper specific reference ranges, which apply to their people, for all PLT parameters.
Virus specific cell‐mediated immunity may play a role in controlling reactivated human herpesvirus 6B in patients under measles induced immunosuppression
Authors: Kumagai Takuji , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Shiraki Kimiyasu , Yoshida Mariko , Nakayama Tetsuo , Ihira Masaru , Asano Yoshizo 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTFor a better understanding of the cellular immune responses to reactivated HHV 6B the lymphoproliferative response to human herpesvirus 6B (HHV 6B) antigen was measured in three consecutive specimens obtained biweekly from 22 young children and infants suffering from acute measles, and in 19 influenza patients and nine healthy control subjects. HHV 6B DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected in 18 of 22 subjects with measles, but not in the influenza patients or the healthy population. A novel reactivation profile of HHV 6B was found in patients with measles in the milder form of immunosuppression than in patients with organ transplantation. HHV 6B specific lymphoproliferation activities increased correspondingly with reactivation of HHV 6B assessed by detecting HHV 6B DNA in PBMCs in patients with measles, but no significant change in either the antibody response to HHV 6B or DNAemia occurred in serial specimens obtained either from patients with influenza or healthy subjects. This novel form of HHV 6B reactivation without antibody response was observed in patients with measles. The dynamic fluctuations in lymphoproliferative responses in measles may represent the balance between HHV 6B reactivation and its suppression by the host immune system. J. Med. Virol. 86:658–665, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Culture‐independent pilot study of microbiota colonizing open fractures and association with severity, mechanism, location, and complication from presentation to early outpatient follow‐up
Authors: Hannigan Geoffrey D. , Hodkinson Brendan P. , McGinnis Kelly , Tyldsley Amanda S. , Anari Jason B. , Horan Annamarie D. , Grice Elizabeth A. , Mehta Samir 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACTPrecise identification of bacteria associated with post‐injury infection, co‐morbidities, and outcomes could have a tremendous impact in the management and treatment of open fractures. We characterized microbiota colonizing open fractures using culture‐independent, high‐throughput DNA sequencing of bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA genes, and analyzed those communities with respect to injury mechanism, severity, anatomical site, and infectious complications. Thirty subjects presenting to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania for acute care of open fractures were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Microbiota was collected from wound center and adjacent skin upon presentation to the emergency department, intraoperatively, and at two outpatient follow‐up visits at approximately 25 and 50 days following initial presentation. Bacterial community composition and diversity colonizing open fracture wounds became increasingly similar to adjacent skin microbiota with healing. Mechanism of injury, severity, complication, and location were all associated with various aspects of microbiota diversity and composition. The results of this pilot study demonstrate the diversity and dynamism of the open fracture microbiota, and their relationship to clinical variables. Validation of these preliminary findings in larger cohorts may lead to the identification of microbiome‐based biomarkers of complication risk and/or to aid in management and treatment of open fractures. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 32:597–605, 2014.
Effect of respiration on the B0 field in the human spinal cord at 3T
Authors: Verma Tanya , Cohen‐Adad Julien 
Published: January 2014

PurposeRespiration affects the bulk magnetic susceptibility, causing frequency shifts as shown in the brain at 7T. Due to the close proximity of the spine to the lungs, this effect is expected to be even larger in the spinal cord, resulting in detrimental B0 offset. The goal of this study was to quantify the effect of respiration on B0 variation in the spinal cord.MethodsSeven healthy subjects were scanned at 3T. Field maps were acquired during inspired and expired conditions. Frequency shift was quantified in the brain, brainstem, and cervico‐thoracic spinal cord. A skewed Gaussian function with linear term was fitted to the frequency shift as a function of z‐location along the spine.ResultsLarge frequency shifts were measured along the cord, with a maximum of 74 Hz at C7 (P < 0.05), corresponding to 0.58 ppm. The proposed model was adequately fitted to the respiratory‐induced frequency‐shifts (adjusted R2 = 0.9954). The morphology of subjects (weight and height) seemed to have an impact on the amplitude of frequency shift, although correlations were not significant.ConclusionsThis study provides a deeper understanding of the contribution of respiration to B0 shift in the spinal cord. The proposed model can be useful for designing future hardware or software strategies to compensate for these B0 variations dynamically. Magn Reson Med 72:1629–1636, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elektronische Nervenzellen
Authors: Thomas Andy , Kaltschmidt Christian 
Published: January 2014

AbstractDas menschliche Gehirn funktioniert grundsätzlich anders als ein digitaler Computer, weshalb es bestimmte Aufgaben viel besser als dieser lösen kann. Hierfür wäre eine Computerarchitektur attraktiv, die künstlich die Eigenschaften biologischer Nervensysteme nachahmt. Vor allem die Verbindungen zwischen den Nervenzellen sind interessant: Diese Synapsen spielen bei Lernprozessen eine entscheidende Rolle. Bislang fehlten jedoch elektronische Bauelemente, die sich als künstliche Synapsen eignen. Memristoren, die zum Beispiel auf Tunnelkontakten basieren, könnten dies ändern.
Mit Pauken und Trommeln
Authors: Mathelitsch Leopold , Verovnik Ivo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractPauken und Trommeln scheinen perfekte Anwendungen der zweidimensionalen Schwingung idealer kreisförmiger Membranen zu sein. Doch die Schwingungsspektren beider Instrumente weichen erheblich von dieser Theorie ab. Die Pauke schwingt nicht etwa mit den anharmonischen Obertönen der idealen Membran, sondern mit harmonischen Oberschwingungen. Ursache ist die über dem Paukenfell mitschwingende Luftsäule. Trommeln produzieren ein komplexes Geräusch. Es beruht vor allem auf der Wechselwirkung zwischen zwei Membranen, die das Trommelgehäuse auf beiden Seiten verschließen.
Physikalische Zauberei: die Kette im Ring
Authors: Vollmer Michael , Möllmann Klaus‐Peter 
Published: January 2014

AbstractEin einfacher physikalischer Zaubertrick besteht darin, eine Kette über den Handrücken zu legen und danach von unten einen Ring über die Kette zu schieben. Der Ring kann entweder von der zweiten Hand oder der die Kette haltenden Hand gehalten werden. Er wird sodann losgelassen und soll (mit einem Knoten) in der Kette hängen bleiben.
Ein Türspalt Licht
Authors: Schlichting H. Joachim 
Published: January 2014

AbstractUnter bestimmten Umständen erscheinen hinter Türspalten mehrere helle Streifen. Die vielleicht überraschende Ursache hierfür sind helle Gegenstände im Außenbereich, die wie Lichtquellen wirken und zu diesem Phänomen führen. Ein einfacher Freihandversuch bestätigt diese vielleicht überraschende Deutung.
Spucke aus dem Gleichgewicht
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: January 2014

AbstractWinterzeit ist Rotweinzeit, und wohltemperierte, tanninreiche Weine sind willkommene Begleiter von Gänsebraten, Schmorgerichten und anderen deftigen Genüssen. Empfindliche Zungen kommen aber mit der Adstringenz, also dem zusammenziehenden, leicht pelzigen Gefühl im Mund, kaum zurecht. Ein Fall für die Proteinphysik.
SEM analysis of defects and wear on Ni–Ti rotary instruments
Authors: Arantes Werington Borges , da Silva Celso Monteiro , Lage‐Marques José Luiz , Habitante Sandramarcia , da Rosa Luiz Carlos Laureano , de Medeiros João Marcelo Ferreira 
Published: January 2014

SummarySEM analysis of endodontic instruments from a Ni–Ti rotary system was assessed, before and after using them, considering their defects and deformations. Twenty Twisted File®, BioRąCe®, Mtwo®, and EndoWave® instruments were micrographed at 190× magnification. The files were washed and micrographed again to view alterations as to the presence or absence of irregular edges, grooves, microcavities, and scraping. Simulated root canal preparations were performed using these instruments. The instruments were cleaned and received a microscopic analysis after being used five times. After analysis tests were tested using Fisher's exact test and Kappa to evaluate the concordance among examiners. There was a statistically significant difference with respect to deformations between Twisted File® and other instruments (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in strains between the other groups (p > 0.05). All Twisted File® instruments showed the same defects; however damage were lower than those found in BioRace® and Mtwo®. The Endowave® did not show the same defects. In accordance with the data we conclude that the presence of defects was higher in Twisted File® instruments as the instruments and BioRace® Mtwo® brand, the defect rate was smaller and Endowave® instruments had no defects. Regarding the presence of wear after five uses among the groups all instruments showed changes in their cutting blades. SCANNING 36:411–418, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved Outcomes in the Management of High‐Risk Incisional Hernias Utilizing Biological Mesh and Soft‐Tissue Reconstruction: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Skipworth J. R. A. , Vyas S. , Uppal L. , Floyd D. , Shankar A. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractIntroductionRepair of incisional hernias is complex in the setting of previous/current infection, loss of domain and bowel involvement, and is often on the background of significant co‐morbidities. Reported repair techniques are associated with significant morbidity and led our unit to develop a novel technique for complex incisional hernia repair.MethodsA retrospective case notes review of all high‐risk (Ventral Hernia Working Group grade 2–4) incisional hernia repairs was undertaken. Standardized repair involved resection of attenuated soft tissue and hernia sac (bioburden reduction), component separation (where necessary), intra‐peritoneal Strattice™ biological mesh insertion, midline fascial closure, and soft‐tissue reconstruction, performed in combination with a plastic surgeon as a single‐stage procedure.ResultsA total of 58 patients underwent hernia repair between February 2009 and September 2012 (median age 59 years; 59 % female). Eleven patients (19 %) were grade 4, 19 (33 %) were grade 3, and 28 (48 %) were grade 2. Nineteen (33 %) were recurrent hernias, and midline fascial closure was achieved in 52 (90 %). Early complications included 15 (26 %) surgical‐site occurrences, three (5 %) respiratory complications, two (3 %) cardiac complications, and two (3 %) urinary tract infections. Follow‐up has revealed three (5 %) asymptomatic hernia recurrences and no patients requiring mesh explantation.ConclusionsThis technique was associated with a low risk of surgical site occurrences and hernia recurrence, with no requirements for mesh explantation. Repair of such complex incisional hernias remains challenging, and further randomized controlled trials are required to elucidate the optimal method of closure and mesh type.
Accumulation of Hydroxyl Lipids and 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐Hexenal in Live Fish Infected with Fish Diseases
Authors: Tanaka Ryusuke , Shigeta Kazuhiro , Sugiura Yoshimasa , Hatate Hideo , Matsushita Teruo 
Published: January 2014

AbstractHydroxy lipids (L‐OH) and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐hexenal (HHE) levels as well as other parameters such as lipid level, lipid class, fatty acid composition, and other aldehydes levels in the liver of diseased fish were investigated. Although significant differences in lipid level, lipid class, fatty acid composition, and other aldehyde levels were not always observed between normal and diseased fish, L‐OH and HHE levels were significantly higher in the liver of the diseased fish than in that of the normal fish cultured with the same feeds under the same conditions. In the liver of puffer fish (Fugu rubripes) infected with Trichodina, L‐OH and HHE levels significantly increased from 25.29 ± 5.04 to 47.70 ± 5.27 nmol/mg lipid and from 299.79 ± 25.25 to 1,184.40 ± 60.27 nmol/g tissue, respectively. When the levels of HHE and other aldehydes in the liver of the normal and diseased puffer fish were plotted, a linear relationship with a high correlation coefficient was observed between HHE and propanal (r2 = 0.9447). Increased L‐OH and HHE levels in the liver of the diseased fish and a high correlation between HHE and propanal in the liver of the normal and diseased fish were also observed in flat fish (Paralichthys olivaceus) infected with streptococcus, yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) infected with jaundice, and amberjack (S. purpurascens) infected with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida.