bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A split reliable transport protocol over the vehicular ad hoc network communication environment
Authors: Huang Chung‐Ming , Lin Shih‐Yang , Lin Ching‐Yuan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTo have reliable transmission in the vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) environment, a split reliable transport protocol (SRTP) is proposed in this paper. The basic idea of SRTP is to separate a long connection into several subconnections in order to reduce the overhead of packet retransmission, in which the length of each subconnection depends on links’ states between vehicles. Three main issues that need to be resolved for SRTP are the following: (i) how to decide the length of each subconnection when a connection is established initially; (ii) how to enhance the connection's stability after the connection is established to deal with the fast topology change in the VANET environment; and (iii) how to deal with packet congestion. An estimative scheme using location and speed information of vehicles to estimate the connectivity time of the links between vehicles are used in SRTP. The estimated values can be used to decide the lengths of subconnections and adjust them dynamically. Another mechanism named channel busy rate aware congestion avoidance is proposed to avoid network congestion in the ad hoc network environment. The simulation results show that SRTP can be operated well in the VANET environment, and the aforementioned three issues can be appropriately resolved. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
User behavior modeling of voice communications: an empirical study
Authors: Büyükçorak Saliha , Karabulut Kurt Gunes , Toprakkiran Guven 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn this study, analysis and modeling of arrival and service processes are presented in a comprehensive fashion in order to determine statistical properties of voice traffic from end‐user perspective in accordance with the queueing theory. For the first time in the literature, we introduce a user centric approach and examine these services considering both flow directions of voice traffic, the uplink and the downlink as opposed to existing studies with the network centric approach. In our study, we use experimental data composed of actual phone calls collected from 2G/3G networks. To achieve this, we designed and implemented a data collection system for mobile users and compared the results by using data from an operational cellular network. In order to determine the time correlation of voice calls, Hurst parameter estimation methods are used. On the basis of the outcomes, independency of call arrivals is shown. Additionally, it is shown that calls acquired from user and network centric approaches are both Poisson distributed. Next, looking at the problem from service process perspective, thorough analyses are performed to determine mathematical models that can best characterize call holding times. Maximum likelihood estimation and expectation maximization algorithm are used, and it is shown that the optimum mathematical model for the characterization of call holding times is the lognormal distribution family. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Syntheses, Characterization, and Electrochemical Lithium‐Ion Storage Properties of Two Cobalt(II) Coordination Polymers Containing 5‐Hydroxyisophthalic Acid and Bis‐benzoimidazole Ligands
Authors: Wen Yong‐Hong , Xu Guo‐Feng , Yao Kuo , Dou Run‐Tao , Guo Jin‐Xue 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTwo cobalt(II) coordination polymers, namely {[Co(HO‐BDC)(bbe)]·(H2O)}n (1), and {[Co(O‐BDC)(bbp)]·(H2O)}n (2) (HO‐H2BDC = 5‐hydroxyisophthalic acid, bbe = 1, 2‐bis(benzoimidazol‐2‐yl)ethane, and bbp = 1, 3‐bis(benzoimidazol‐2‐yl)propane) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions, and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectroscopy, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analyses. Compound 1 is a 1D chain, whereas 2 is a (3, 3)‐connected 2D network with (63) topology. These two 1D and 2D complexes are further connected by hydrogen bonds to form the 3D supramolecular architectures. The electrochemical lithium‐ion storage properties of the as‐made Co3O4 by calcination of 1 are investigated in detail.
Roles of fragmented and logged forests for bird communities in industrial Acacia mangium plantations in Indonesia
Authors: Fujita Motoko S. , Prawiradilaga Dewi M. , Yoshimura Tsuyoshi 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIndustrial timber plantations severely impact biodiversity in Southeast Asia. Forest fragments survive within plantations, but their conservation value in highly deforested landscapes in Southeast Asia is poorly understood. In this study, we compared bird assemblages in acacia plantations and fragmented forests in South Sumatra to evaluate each habitat's potential conservation value. To clarify the impact of habitat change, we also analyzed the response of feeding guild composition. Five habitat types were studied: large logged forest (LLF), burnt logged forest (BLF), remnant logged forest (RLF), 4‐year‐old acacia plantation (AP4), and 1‐year‐old acacia plantation (AP1). Estimated species richness (Chao 2) was highest in LLF then AP4 and BLF, while AP1 and RLF had lower estimated species richness. Community composition was roughly divided into two groups by non‐metric multidimensional scaling ordination: acacia plantation and logged forest. Sallying substrate‐gleaning insectivores, such as drongos, broadbills, and some flycatchers, were restricted to LLF, whereas acacia plantation hosted many terrestrial frugivores, such as doves. Although fragmented forests in our study site lacked several common tropical forest species, these fragments provide an important habitat for some sallying and terrestrial insectivores. A network of small riparian remnant forests could be a complementary habitat for some species, while the conservation value of burnt forest might be low. In conclusion, the highly fragmented forests in plantations are suboptimal habitats for birds but are still very important, because large primary forest blocks have been nearly lost in the surrounding landscape.
Meaningless words promote meaningful categorization
Authors: LUPYAN GARY , CASASANTO DANIEL 
Published: June 2014

abstractOn traditional accounts, word meanings are entries in a mental lexicon. Nonsense words lack such entries, and are therefore meaningless. Here, we show thatunder some circumstancesnonsense words function indistinguishably from conventional words. The ‘nonsense’ wordsfooveandcrelchled participants to select systematically different clusters of adjectives and were reliably matched to different species of alien creatures (e.g., ‘crelches’ were pointy and narrow and ‘fooves’ were large and fat). In a categorization task in which participants learned to group two species of aliens primarily on the basis of roundness/pointiness, these novel labels facilitated performance as much as conventional words (e.g.,round,pointy). The results expand the scope of research on sound symbolism and support a non-traditional view of word meaning according to which words do not have meanings by virtue of a conventionalized form−meaning pairing. Rather, the ‘meaning’ of a word is the effect that the word form has on the user’s mental activity.
A GROUP SUM INEQUALITY AND ITS APPLICATION TO POWER GRAPHS
Authors: CURTIN BRIAN , POURGHOLI G. R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractLet $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}G$ be a finite group of order $n$, and let $\text {C}_n$ be the cyclic group of order $n$. For $g\in G$, let ${\mathrm{o}}(g)$ denote the order of $g$. Let $\phi $ denote the Euler totient function. We show that $\sum _{g \in \text {C}_n} \phi ({\mathrm{o}}(g))\geq \sum _{g \in G} \phi ({\mathrm{o}}(g))$, with equality if and only if $G$ is isomorphic to $\text {C}_n$. As an application, we show that among all finite groups of a given order, the cyclic group of that order has the maximum number of bidirectional edges in its directed power graph.
Thermal developmental plasticity affects body size and water conservation ofDrosophila nepalensisfrom the Western Himalayas
Authors: Parkash R. , Lambhod C. , Singh D. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn the Western Himalayas,Drosophila nepalensisis more abundant during the colder and drier winter than the warmer rainy season but the mechanistic bases of such adaptations are largely unknown. We tested effects of developmental plasticity on desiccation-related traits (body size, body melanization and water balance traits) that may be consistent with changes in seasonal abundance of this species.D. nepalensisgrown at 15°C has shown twofold higher body size, greater melanization (∼15-fold), higher desiccation resistance (∼55 h), hemolymph as well as carbohydrate content (twofold higher) as compared with corresponding values at 25°C. Water loss before succumbing to death was much higher (∼16%) at 15°C than 25°C. Developmental plastic effects on body size are associated with changes in water balance-related traits (bulk water, hemolymph and dehydration tolerance). The role of body melanization was evident from the analysis of assorted darker and lighter flies (from a mass culture ofD. nepalensisreared at 21°C) which lacked differences in dry mass but showed differences in desiccation survival hours and rate of water loss. For adult acclimation, we found a slight increase in desiccation resistance of flies reared at lower growth temperature, whereas in flies reared at 25°C such a response was lacking. InD. nepalensis, greater developmental plasticity is consistent with its contrasting levels of seasonal abundance. Finally, in the context of global climate change in the Western Himalayas,D. nepalensisseems vulnerable in the warmer season due to lower adult as well as developmental acclimation potential at higher growth temperature (25°C).
A rapid method of species identification of wild chironomids (Diptera: Chironomidae) via electrophoresis of hemoglobin proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel (SDS–PAGE)
Authors: Oh J.T. , Epler J.H. , Bentivegna C.S. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractStudying aquatic benthic macroinvertebrates (BMIs) in the field requires accurate taxonomic identification, which can be difficult and time consuming. Conventionally, head capsule morphology has been used to identify wild larvae of Chironomidae. However, due to the number of species and possible damage and/or deformity of their head capsules, another supporting approach for identification is needed. Here, we provide hemoglobin (Hb) protein in hemolymph of chironomids as a new biomarker that may help resolve some of the ambiguities and difficulties encountered during taxonomic identification. Chironomids collected from two locations in Maine and New Jersey, USA were identified to the genus level and in some cases to the species-level using head capsule and body morphologies. The head capsule for a particular individual was then associated with a corresponding Hb protein profile generated from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE). Distinct Hb profiles were observed from one group (Thienemannimyia) and four genera (Chironomus, Cricotopus, Dicrotendipes, andGlyptotendipes) of chironomids. Several species were polymorphic, having more than one Hb profile and/or having bands of the same size as those of other species. However, major bands and the combination of bands could distinguish individuals at the genus and sometimes species-level. Overall, this study showed that Hb profiles can be used in combination with head capsule morphology to identify wild chironomids.
Play on the Proper Names of Individuals in the Catullan Corpus: Wordplay, the Iambic Tradition, and the Late Republican Culture of Public Abuse
Authors: Ingleheart Jennifer 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe paper explores the significance of names and naming in Catullus. Catullus’ use of proper names, and in particular his play on the connotations of the names of individuals who are attacked within his poems, has not been fully explored to date, and the paper identifies several examples of such play which have not previously been recognized. The paper examines Catullan wordplay in the context of both the iambic tradition and the public abuse culture of the late Roman Republic.
Policy learning and science policy innovation adoption by street-level bureaucrats
Authors: Arnold Gwen 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article investigates the conditions under which government officials who implement policy integrate the best available science into regulatory practice. It examines the adoption of rapid wetland assessment tools, a type of science policy innovation, by street-level bureaucrats in six US Mid-Atlantic states. These bureaucrats operate in relatively opaque and discretion-laden institutional settings. The analysis of an original survey of state wetland officials shows that these officials are more likely to adopt tools when they have more opportunities to learn tool-related information and practice norms. Bureaucrats’ adoption of this class of science policy innovations appears facilitated by peer communication via network ties, on-the-job experience and incentives and disincentives associated with bureaucrats’ organisational contexts and operating environments.
Determining the maximal singularity-free circle or sphere of parallel mechanisms using interval analysis
Authors: Kaloorazi Mohammad Hadi Farzaneh , Masouleh Mehdi Tale , Caro Stéphane 
Published: June 2014

SUMMARYThis paper proposes a systematic algorithm based on the concept of interval analysis to obtain the maximal singularity-free circle or sphere within the workspace of parallel mechanisms. As case studies the 3-RPR planar and 6-UPS parallel mechanisms are considered to illustrate the relevance of the algorithm for 2D and 3D workspaces. To this end, the main algorithm is divided into four sub-algorithms, which eases the understanding of the main approach and leads to a more effective and robust algorithm to solve the problem. The first step is introduced to obtain the constant-orientation workspace and then the singularity locus. The main purpose is to obtain the maximal singularity-free workspace for an initial guess. Eventually, the general maximal singularity-free workspace is obtained. The main contribution of the paper is the proposition of a systematic algorithm to obtain the maximal singularity-free circle/sphere in the workspace of parallel mechanisms. The combination of a maximal singularity-free circle or sphere with the workspace analysis by taking into account the stroke of actuators, as additional constraint to the latter problem, is considered. Moreover, the center point of the circle/sphere is not restrained to a prescribed point.
China's Vision for Developing Sichuan's Post-Earthquake Countryside: Turning Unruly Peasants into Grateful Urban Citizens
Authors: Sorace Christian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractIn the aftermath of the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, government officials, scholars and outside observers eagerly hoped that the emergency relief and reconstruction process would bring about the emergence of civil society and increase grassroots democratic participation. Contrary to this optimistic assessment, this article contends that the local state used the opportunity of the disaster as an experimental laboratory to implement an array of already existing national development plans. The urgency with which the reconstruction was to be completed and the opportunities to meet national development targets as well as access reconstruction funds were too tempting to resist. However, the ham-fisted Leninist implementation style met with local resistance and has contributed to a significant deterioration in local state–society relations. The fact that many local residents continue to question why, despite the huge resources invested by the state in the reconstruction project, they have yet to see any improvement in their economic and overall living conditions points to a deficit of local participation and a breakdown in political communication and trust. By focusing on the different political economies of disaster reconstruction, this article attempts to illuminate the regime's vision for developing the countryside, rural politics, and state–society relations in China more broadly. Unless the state is able to incorporate local needs into its development plans, it will not win the trust and support of local residents, regardless of the amount of money it invests or the benevolence of its intentions.
Brooklyn's agrarian questions
Authors: Weissman Evan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThroughout the USA, urban agriculture is expanding as a manifestation of an emerging American food politics. Through a case study of Brooklyn, New York, I used mixed qualitative research methods to investigate the political possibilities of urban agriculture for fostering food justice. My findings build on the existing alternative food network (AFN) literature by indicating that problematic contradictions rooted in the neoliberalization of urban agriculture limit the transformative possibilities of farming the city as currently practiced in Brooklyn. I suggest that longstanding agrarian questions—concerns over the relationship between agriculture and capitalism and the politics of small-scale producers—are informative for critical interrogation of urban agriculture as a politicization of food.
Further validation of unsaturated long-chain fatty acids as inhibitors for oxidized low-density lipoprotein binding to CD36 via assays with synthetic CD36 peptide-cross-linked plates
Authors: Kozai Yuki , Tsuzuki Satoshi , Takai Marie , Eguchi Ai , Matsumura Shigenobu , Inoue Kazuo , Fushiki Tohru 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We recently obtained evidence that unsaturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) (e.g. oleic acid) inhibit binding of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs) to CD36. In the present study, we validated this prediction by examining inhibition by unsaturated LCFAs of Alexa-fluor-labeled oxLDL binding to multiwell plates onto which a synthetic CD36 peptide is covalently immobilized via thiol–maleimide coupling.
A simple and rapid method for visualization of male meiotic chromosomes in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Li Junhua , Yuan Jinhong , Zhao Xiting , Zhang Xiaoli , Li Mingjun 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Meiotic chromosomes are of basic interest to the geneticist and cell biologist who study their behavior. A rapid and highly repeatable method for visualization of meiotic chromosomes is useful. Here we describe a fast staining protocol for Arabidopsis male meiotic chromosomes. Meiocytes were squashed into a labeling buffer, the chromosome morphology could be analyzed using fluorescence without any additional treatment.
Comparison of hydrophilic variation and bioethanol production of furfural residues after delignification pretreatment
Authors: Bu Lingxi , Tang Yong , Xing Yang , Zhang Weiming , Shang Xinhui , Jiang Jianxin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractFurfural residue (FR) is a waste lignocellulosic material with enormous potential for bioethanol production. In this study, bioethanol production from FR after delignification was compared. Hydrophilic variation was measured by conductometric titration to detect the relationship between hydrophilicity and bioethanol production. It was found that ethanol yield increased as delignification enhanced, and it reached up to 75.6% of theoretical yield for samples with 8.7% lignin. The amount of by-products decreased as delignification increased. New inflection points appeared in conductometric titration curves of samples that were partially delignified, but they vanished in the curves of the highly delignified samples. Total charges and carboxyl levels increased after slight delignification, and they decreased upon further delignification. These phenomena suggested some new hydrophilic groups were formed during pretreated delignification, which would be beneficial to enzymatic hydrolysis. However, some newly formed groups may act as toxicant to the yeast during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.
(2-Nitroethyl)benzene: a major flower scent from the Japanese loquat Eriobotrya japonica [Rosales: Rosaceae]
Authors: Kuwahara Yasumasa , Ichiki Yayoi , Morita Masashi , Asano Yasuhisa 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
(2-Nitroethyl)benzene was identified as a major component of the flower scent of the Japanese loquat Eriobotrya japonica [Rosales: Rosaceae], together with p-methoxybenzaldehyde and methyl p-methoxybenzoate. The corresponding volatiles from chopped leaves did not contain these three compounds. This is the first time that 1-nitro-2-phenyl-ethane has been demonstrated to be a natural product among Japanese plants, although two Japanese millipedes are known to possess the same aromatics.
Ethanol stress impairs protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum and activates Ire1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Miyagawa Ken-Ichi , Ishiwata-Kimata Yuki , Kohno Kenji , Kimata Yukio 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Impaired protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) evokes the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is triggered in budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, by the ER-located transmembrane protein Ire1. Here, we report that ethanol stress damages protein folding in the ER, causing activation of Ire1 in yeast cells. The UPR likely contributes to the ethanol tolerance of yeast cells.
Diallyl trisulfide induces apoptosis in Jurkat cells by the modification of cysteine residues in thioredoxin
Authors: Watanabe Kazunari , Hosono Takashi , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Hosono-Fukao Tomomi , Ariga Toyohiko , Seki Taiichiro 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We reported the regulation of protein function by oxidative modification of the specific cysteine residue(s) by diallyl trisulfide (DATS). In this study, we examined if DATS modifies the cysteine residue of thioredoxin (Trx) by urea-polyacryl amide gel electrophoresis. DATS modified two specific cysteine residues in Trx and this oxidative modification of cysteine residues would be sole causative of the apoptosis induced by DATS in leukemic cells.
Molecular cloning, purification, and biochemical characterization of recombinant isocitrate dehydrogenase from Streptomyces coelicolor M-145
Authors: Takahashi-Iñiguez Tóshiko , Cruz-Rabadán Saul , Miguel Burciaga-Cifuentes Luis , Elena Flores María 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Isocitrate dehydrogenase is a key enzyme in carbon metabolism. In this study we demonstrated that SCO7000 of Streptomyces coelicolor M-145 codes for the isocitrate dehydrogenase. Recombinant enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli had a specific activity of 25.3 μmoles/mg/min using NADP+ and Mn2+ as a cofactor, 40-times higher than that obtained in cell-free extract. Pure IDH showed a single band with an apparent Mr of 84 KDa in SDS-PAGE, which was also recognized as His-tag protein in the Western blot. Unexpectedly, in ND-PAGE conditions showed a predominant band of ~168 KDa that corresponded to the dimeric form of ScIDH. Also, zymogram assay and analytical gel filtration reveal that dimer was the active form. Kinetic parameters were 1.38, 0.11, and 0.109 mM for isocitrate, NADP, and Mn2+, respectively. ATP, ADP, AMP, and their mixtures were the main ScIDH activity inhibitors. Zn2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cu+ had inhibitory effect on enzyme activity.