bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optical band gap of Li8SiN4 with disordered structure as a cathode material of lithium secondary batteries
Authors: Yamashita T. , Kuwano S. , Kuriyama K. , Kushida K. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe band gap of and disordered structure in Li8SiN4 (lattice constant: a = 10.148 Å, c = 9.567 Å) are studied by optical absorption, photoacoustic spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman scattering spectroscopy. Li8SiN4 is a semiconductor with a band gap of 2.4 eV, suggesting the transition from the N‐2p valence band to the conduction band mainly consisting of Si‐3s and/or ‐3p orbitals. A broad Raman peak is observed at 586 cm–1, indicating the homogenously random distribution of Li and Si atoms. Li8SiN4 crystallizes in a superstructure of eight face‐centered N sublattices. In each sublattice, one Li and one Si atom are randomly and diagonally occupied at two tetrahedral sites next to N, while six Li atoms reside at the other sites next to N. The possible locations of one remaining Li atom are also discussed. Li8SiN4 is a direct transition, which is slightly larger than the d‐d electron transitions in the typical cathode materials LiMn2O4 and LiCoO2. For a 5 × 5 mm2 sized lithium secondary battery with the Li8SiN4 + acetylene black cathode/propylene carbonate + LiClO4 electrolyte/Li anode structure, the capacity for the discharge current of 10 µA is between 2.44 µAh/cm2 and 3.56 µAh/cm2 for a potential range between 2.8 V and 3.8 V. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Band gap and optical transmission in the Fibonacci type one‐dimensional A5B6C7 based photonic crystals
Authors: Simsek Sevket , Koc Husnu , Palaz Selami , Oltulu Oral , Mamedov Amirullah M. , Ozbay Ekmel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn this work, we present an investigation of the optical properties and band structure calculations for the photonic crystal structures (PCs) based on one‐dimensional (1D) photonic crystal. Here we use 1D A5B6C7(A:Sb; B:S,Se; C:I) based layers in air background. We have theoretically calculated photonic band structure and optical properties of A5B6C7(A:Sb; B:S,Se; C:I) based PCs. In our simulation, we employed the finite‐difference time domain (FDTD) technique and the plane wave expansion method (PWE) which implies the solution of Maxwell equations with centered finite‐difference expressions for the space and time derivatives. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Elemental substitution effects in multiferroic R Fe2O4 (R: rare earths)
Authors: Yoshii Kenji , Funae Takashi , Mizumaki Masaichiro , Ejiri Hiroki , Ikeda Naoshi , Saitoh Hiroyuki , Matsumura Daiju 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWe report the effects of elemental substitutions in multiferroic R Fe2O4 (R: Y, Ho‐Lu, In). The substitution by nonmagnetic Ga3+ at the Fe site, which has not been reported so far, shows a drastic decrease in the ferrimagnetic transition temperature (TN). This is plausibly owing to the suppression of magnetic interactions between Fe ions, based on our previous results of other substituted systems such as R FeCoO4. Dielectric constants near room temperature were comparable to those of R Fe2O4. The suppression of dielectric loss in this system is suitable to application. The R ‐site substitution was also attempted by the large R3+ ions such as Dy3+. The solubility limit was up to ∼10% of R ions. TN was raised by 5‐10 K for Dy3+ substitution. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of visible‐light transparent solar cells composed of NiO/NixZn1‐xO/ZnO heterostructures
Authors: Kawade Daisuke , Moriyama Kazuma , Nakamura Fumika , Chichibu Shigefusa F. , Sugiyama Mutsumi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractVisible‐light transparent solar cells were fabricated using p ‐type NiO and n ‐type ZnO by conventional RF reactive sputtering with NiZnO alloy as an intrinsic interlayer. The energy band diagrams of NiO/NiZnO/ZnO heterojunctions were revealed by photoelectron yield spectroscopy, and the band gap energies were estimated to be 1.2 eV for NiO/Ni0.4Zn0.6O and 0.6 eV for Ni0.4Zn0.6O/ZnO heterojunctions. By using In2O3:Sn (ITO) as a transparent electrode in NiO‐based visible‐light transparent solar cells, a small but noticeable photovoltaic effect was obtained. The short‐circuit current density (Jsc) increased from 4 μA/cm2 to 12 μA/cm2 due to the insertion of Ni0.4Zn0.6O interlayer. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cu2SnS3 thin film solar cells prepared by thermal crystallization of evaporated Cu/Sn precursors in sulfur and tin atmosphere
Authors: Nakashima M. , Yamaguchi T. , Itani H. , Sasano J. , Izaki M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCu2SnS3 thin films were prepared by crystallization in sulfur and tin mixing atmosphere from the stacked Cu/Sn precursors deposited by sequential evaporation of Sn and Cu elements. From EPMA analysis, the composition of the thin film was approximately constant regardless changing Sn mole ratio in the precursor. However, the composition of inside of the thin films and Mo layer had gradation. The Raman analysis showed that the spectrum corresponded to monoclinic Cu2SnS3. Cu2SnS3 thin films were applied to the fabrication of Cu2SnS3 solar cells. The values of Voc and Isc increased with decreasing Sn mole ratio in the precursor. The largest Voc of 247.5 mV was achieved in sample of Cu/Sn mole ratio of 2/1.2, which is comparable with early reported value of Voc. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First‐principles study of doping properties in ZnSnAs2
Authors: Ishikawa Masato , Nakayama Takashi 
Published: March 2015

AbstractDoping properties in ZnSnAs2 compound semiconductors were studied by the first‐principles spin‐polarized calculation. We have shown that the Ga doping into Zn site produces an ideal n‐type system with small effective mass, not sensitive to the doping concentration, which feature merits the optical isolator application. On the other hand, the Mn doping into Sn site induces a large spin moment around S=1, which merits the spintronics application. When the Mn concentration is increased, however, Mn atoms prefer to locate nearby and the spin moment decreases by the anti‐ferromagnetic interaction between Mn atoms. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Aktiv geregelte Schwingungstilger für weitgespannte Förderbandbrücken
Authors: Weber Felix , Baader Jakob , Bitterli Kurt , Rufer Peter 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWeitgespannte Förderbandbrücken werden in unzugänglichem Gelände für die Schüttgutförderung eingesetzt. Weil Förderbandbrücken aus Stahl mit sehr kleiner Dämpfung gebaut sind und große freie Längen aufweisen, sind diese schwingungsanfällig. Wegen ihrer unterschiedlichen Spannweiten und zeitlich veränderlicher Schüttgutmenge variieren ihre Modalparameter. Deshalb wird hier die Entwicklung eines aktiv geregelten Schwingungstilgers beschrieben.Actively controlled vibration absorbers for long span belt conveyor bridges. Belt conveyor bridges with big free spans are used for the bulk material transportation if the site is difficult to access. Due to their steel construction with low inherent damping and their long free spans, belt conveyor bridges are prone to vibrations. Their modal parameters vary because of their different free lengths and time varying payload. This article therefore describes the development of an actively controlled vibration absorber.
Exploring Culturally Relevant Texts With Kindergartners and Their Families
Authors: Schrodt Katie , Fain Jeanne Gilliam , Hasty Michelle 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis article shares a monthly curricular model that can help teachers and families bridge the gap between home and school by using literature and response inspired from the cultures in the classroom. Integrating culturally responsive texts and family response journals into the classroom and the home can help children, their families, and peers make critical connections to the literature as well as understand diversity as a productive resource. This yearlong curriculum model took place in a diverse kindergarten classroom that included children and families representing a wide range of socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds. This article focuses on three months of the curricular structure where families engaged in literature focused on adoption. Findings demonstrated that families’ responses led to expanded views of family structures and cultures and provided space for critical conversations around texts in the home and school. Authentic family and child responses are included in the article.
Structural Diversity in Manganese(II) Complexes with Multidentate N‐Donor Imino Pyridyl Ligands
Authors: Masoumi Asad , Gargari Masoumeh Servati , Mahmoudi Ghodrat , Machura Barbara , Lynch Vincent , Giester Gerald , Abedi Marjan , Hazendonk Paul 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFour Mn(NCS)2 based compounds of the types [Mn(SCN)2(L1)]·EtOH (1), [Mn(SCN)2(L2)]·½EtOH (2), [Mn(SCN)2(L3)] (3), and [Mn(SCN)2(L4)2]n·3nMeCN (4) [L1 = benzilbis((pyridin‐2‐yl)methylidenehydrazone), L2 = benzilbis((acetylpyridin‐2‐yl)methylidenehydrazone, L3 = benzilbis((phenylpyridin‐2‐yl)methylidenehydrazone, and L4 = benzilbis((pyridin‐3‐yl)methylidenehydrazone)] were synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies, elemental analysis, and IR spectroscopy. The first three complexes of general formula Mn(SCN)2(L1–3) consist of discrete units, whereas the fourth one consists of one‐dimensional coordination polymer. The central metal atoms in 1–4 exhibit a distorted octahedral arrangement.
M2(H2O)[μ10‐C6H2(COO)4] (M = Ba2+, Pb2+) – Two Isotypic Three‐Dimensional Coordination Polymers with a Layer‐like Separation between Anions and Cations
Authors: Köferstein Roberto , Robl Christian 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMonoclinic single crystals of Ba2(H2O)[μ10‐C6H2(COO)4] (1) and Pb2(H2O)[μ10‐C6H2(COO)4] (2) were obtained using the silica gel method [space group C2/c (no. 15), Z = 4; 1: a = 780.89(4), b = 1756.19(8), c = 914.80(5) pm, β = 114.512(5)°; 2: a = 756.70(10), b = 1772.8(2), c = 890.2(2) pm, β = 113.590(10)°]. There are two crystallographically independent M2+ ions (M = Ba, Pb). M(1) is surrounded by eight carboxylate oxygen atoms and one water molecule forming a tricapped trigonal prism. M(2) is coordinated by ten carboxylate oxygen atoms in the shape of a tetracapped octahedron. The connection between the M(1) and M(2) polyhedra leads to infinite layers parallel to (010), which are linked by [C6H2(COO)4]4– anions to form a three‐dimensional framework. The [C6H2(COO)4]4– anion adopts a μ10 coordination mode. Compound 1 reveals short Ba–Ba contacts of 426.46(2) pm, whereas the Pb–Pb distance of 411.01(6) pm in 2 is larger than twice the van der Waals radius.
Synthesis, Spectroscopy, X‐ray Crystallography, and DFT Computations of Nanosized Phosphazenes
Authors: Shariatinia Zahra , Moghadam Elnaz Jalali , Maghsoudi Narges , Mousavi Hourieh Sadat Mirhosseini , Dusek Michal , Eigner Vaclav 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNanoparticles of nine phosphazenes with general formula 4‐CH3C6H4S(O)2N=PX3 [X = Cl (A), NC4H8 (1), NC6H12 (2), NC4H8N–C(O)OC2H5 (3), NC4H8N–C(O)OC6H5 (4), NC4H8O (5), NHCH2–C4H7O (6), N(CH3)(C6H11) (7), NHCH2–C6H5 (8), and 2‐NH‐NC5H4 (9)] were synthesized using ultrasonic method and characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, FT‐IR, fluorescence, as well as UV/Vis spectroscopy and additionally with XRD, FE‐SEM, N2 sorption, and elemental analysis. The 31P NMR spectra of compounds 1–9 reveal the most up field shift δ(31P) for 9 at –11.45 ppm reflecting the most electron donation of 2‐aminopyridinyl rings through resonance to the phosphorus atom. The 1H, 13C NMR spectra of 7 exhibit two sets of signals for the hydrogen and carbon atoms of its two isomers present in the solution state in 1:4 ratio. The FE‐SEM micrographs illustrate that the nanoparticles of compounds 1–9 have spherical morphology and a size of 27–42 nm. From the XRD patterns, the crystal sizes were estimated to about 24–86 nm. The highest bandgap was measured for 3 (3.81 eV) whereas the smallest was measured for 8 (3.50 eV). The structures of two polymorphs of compound 5 (5, 5′) were determined by X‐ray crystallography at 120 K. Both of these polymorphs are triclinic with P1 space group but 5 has a doubled unit cell volume and two symmetrically independent molecules (5a and 5b). In structures 5a and 5′, the phosphorus and all endocyclic atoms of two morpholinyl rings display disorder, whereas the molecule 5b does not show disorder. The strong intermolecular O–H···O hydrogen bonds plus weak intermolecular C–H···O and C–H···N interactions create three‐dimensional polymers in the crystalline networks of 5 and 5′. The DFT computations illustrate that molecule 5b is more stable than 5a by –1.1062 and –0.9779 kcal·mol–1 at B3LYP and B3PW91 levels, respectively. The NBO calculations presented sp3d hybridization for phosphorus and sulfur atoms and sp2, sp3 hybrids for the nitrogen and oxygen atoms.
Community Psychology and the Capabilities Approach
Authors: Shinn Marybeth 
Published: March 2015

AbstractWhat makes for a good life? The capabilities approach to this question has much to offer community psychology, particularly with respect to marginalized groups. Capabilities are freedoms to engage in valued social activities and roles—what people can do and be given both their capacities, and environmental opportunities and constraints. Economist Amartya Sen’s focus on freedoms and agency resonates with psychological calls for empowerment, and philosopher Martha Nussbaum’s specification of requirements for a life that is fully human provides an important guide for social programs. Community psychology’s focus on mediating structures has much to offer the capabilities approach. Parallels between capabilities, as enumerated by Nussbaum, and settings that foster positive youth development, as described in a National Research Council Report (Eccles and Gootman (Eds) in Community programs to promote youth development. National Academy Press, Washington,2002) suggest extensions of the approach to children. Community psychologists can contribute to theory about ways to create and modify settings to enhance capabilities as well as empowerment and positive youth development. Finally, capabilities are difficult to measure, because they involve freedoms to choose but only choices actually made or enacted can be observed. The variation in activities or goals across members of a setting provides a measure of the capabilities that the setting fosters.
Sex, violence, & rock n' roll: Longitudinal effects of music on aggression, sex, and prosocial behavior during adolescence
Authors: Coyne Sarah M. , Padilla‐Walker Laura M. 
Published: March 2015

ABSTRACTThe current study examined longitudinal associations between listening to aggression, sex, and prosocial behavior in music on a number of behavioral outcomes across a one‐year period during adolescence. Adolescents (N = 548, M age = 15.32, 52% female) completed a number of questionnaires on musical preferences, general media use, aggression, sexual outcomes, and prosocial behavior at two different time points separated by about one year. Using structural equation modeling to analyze the data, results revealed that listening to aggression in music was associated with increased aggression and decreased prosocial behavior over time, even when controlling for initial levels of these behaviors. Listening to sexual content in music was associated with earlier initiation of sexual intercourse and a trend for a higher number of sexual partners (reported at Time 2). Prosocial behavior in music was not associated with any behavioral outcome longitudinally. Collectively, these results suggest that listening to certain types of content in music can have a longitudinal effect on behavior during adolescence.
On three-dimensional internal gravity wave beams and induced large-scale mean flows
Authors: Kataoka T. , Akylas T. R. 
Published: March 2015

The three-dimensional propagation of internal gravity wave beams in a uniformly stratified Boussinesq fluid is discussed, assuming that variations in the along-beam and transverse directions are of long length scale relative to the beam width. This situation applies, for instance, to the far-field behaviour of a wave beam generated by a horizontal line source with weak transverse dependence. In contrast to the two-dimensional case of purely along-beam variations, where nonlinear effects are minor even for beams of finite amplitude, three-dimensional nonlinear interactions trigger the transfer of energy to a circulating horizontal time-mean flow. This resonant beam–mean-flow coupling is analysed, and a system of two evolution equations is derived for the propagation of a small-amplitude beam along with the induced mean flow. This model explains the salient features of the experimental observations of Bordes et al. (Phys. Fluids, vol. 24, 2012, 086602).
Micronutrient intakes and potential inadequacies of community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review
Authors: ter Borg Sovianne , Verlaan Sjors , Hemsworth Jaimie , Mijnarends Donja M. , Schols Jos M. G. A. , Luiking Yvette C. , de Groot Lisette C. P. G. M. 
Published: March 2015

Micronutrient deficiencies and low dietary intakes among community-dwelling older adults are associated with functional decline, frailty and difficulties with independent living. As such, studies that seek to understand the types and magnitude of potential dietary inadequacies might be beneficial for guiding future interventions. We carried out a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Observational cohort and longitudinal studies presenting the habitual dietary intakes of older adults ( ≥ 65 years) were included. Sex-specific mean (and standard deviation) habitual micronutrient intakes were extracted from each article to calculate the percentage of older people who were at risk for inadequate micronutrient intakes using the estimated average requirement (EAR) cut-point method. The percentage at risk for inadequate micronutrient intakes from habitual dietary intakes was calculated for twenty micronutrients. A total of thirty-seven articles were included in the pooled systematic analysis. Of the twenty nutrients analysed, six were considered a possible public health concern: vitamin D, thiamin, riboflavin, Ca, Mg and Se. The extent to which these apparent inadequacies are relevant depends on dynamic factors, including absorption and utilisation, vitamin and mineral supplement use, dietary assessment methods and the selection of the reference value. In light of these considerations, the present review provides insight into the type and magnitude of vitamin and mineral inadequacies.
INVITUS INVITAM: A WINDOW ALLUSION IN SUETONIUS' TITUS
Authors: Macrae Duncan E. 
Published: April 2015

Berenicen statim ab urbe dimisit invitus invitam.As for Berenice, he immediately dismissed her from the city against his will, against her will. (Suet. Tit. 7.2)
Suetonius' laconic description of Titus' dismissal of his consort, the Herodian Berenice, after his accession to the Principate has attracted the attention of readers across the centuries. The biographer's use of polyptoton, invitus invitam, to describe the mental states of the Roman princeps and Judaean princess has been read as particularly moving. Perhaps most notably, Racine turned the emperor's banishment of his lover into the central dilemma of his tragedy Bérénice. At the start of his preface to the text of the play, the dramatist amalgamates this sentence with another from earlier in the chapter, retaining the striking repetition, ‘Titus reginam Berenicen cui etiam nuptias pollicitus ferebatur, statim ab Urbe dimisit invitus invitam’. Racine claims that this account of the dismissal of Berenice provides appropriate subject matter for tragic poetry and, to support his case, he compares Virgil's treatment of the separation of Aeneas and Dido to the situation of Titus and Berenice. Suetonius is not normally read as a literarily sophisticated writer, but we should take a cue from Racine's response to this sentence. In this article, I argue that Suetonius himself chose to compare Titus and Berenice with Dido and Aeneas by an allusion in this sentence to Virgil's Aeneid and to Catullus' translation of the Coma Berenices. Within a rather matter-of-fact presentation of the relationship between the Flavian emperor and his Herodian consort, Suetonius evoked a more dramatic model.
Sex and Death: Gender Differences in Aggression and Motivations for Violence
Authors: McDermott Rose 
Published: March 2015

AbstractGreater theoretical consensus and cohesion could offer critical insights for the broader community of international relations scholars into the role that gender plays in spawning and sustaining processes of violence. This review essay examines the role of gender in generating and perpetuating violence and aggression, both in theory and practice. I make four central claims. First, in many studies involving the role of sex and gender in violence, specific causal models tend to remain underspecified. Second, a divergence in fundamental assumptions regarding the ontological basis of sex differences implicitly permeates and shatters this literature. Third, arguments that men and women are more or less likely to fight appear too simplistic; rather, it is worth considering that men and women may possess different motivations for fighting, and fight under different circumstances and for different reasons. Finally, systematic differences in the variant psychologies of men and women regarding the relative merit of offense and defense exert predictable consequences for public opinion surrounding the conduct of war in particular.
Between Dissolution and Blood: How Administrative Lines and Categories Shape Secessionist Outcomes
Authors: Griffiths Ryan D. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractCommon wisdom and current scholarship hold that governments need to stand firm in the face of secessionist demands, since permitting the secession of one region can set a precedent for others. For this reason governments will often choose blood rather than risk dissolution. I argue that administrative organization provides states with a third option. Those regions that represent a unique administrative type stand a much better chance of seceding peacefully. Moreover, large articulated states sometimes downsize by administrative category, which helps explain why governments will release one set of units without contest while preventing another set from doing the same. Finally, secessionist movements that do not cohere with any administrative region are the least likely to be granted independence. In sum, the administrative architecture of states provides governments with a means to discriminate between secessionist demands. I test this theory in a large-N study using original data on secessionist movements and administrative units between 1816 and 2011.
African Union Rising to the Need for Continental IP Protection? The Establishment of the Pan-African Intellectual Property Organization
Authors: Mupangavanhu Y 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIntellectual property rights protection is at the forefront of some of the major controversies regarding the impact of globalization. African countries have in recent years participated to an unprecedented degree in both international and bilateral initiatives dealing with intellectual property. The negotiating positions have been varied and, from a regional perspective, have not been coherent at some levels, with different countries advancing different positions. African countries have adopted regional integration as a strategy to deal with the challenges of globalization. Regional integration is believed to increase negotiating capacities and competitiveness in global trade. It is also believed to improve access to foreign technology. The African Union is facilitating the establishment of a continental intellectual property body. Accordingly, the main aim of this article is to discuss the establishment of the Pan-African Intellectual Property Organization in line with the African Union's vision for regional integration.