bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐cultural equivalence in translations of the oral health impact profile
Authors: MacEntee Michael I. , Brondani Mario 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) has been translated for comparisons across cultural boundaries. This report on a systematic search of literature published between 1994 and 2014 aims to identify an acceptable method of translating psychometric instruments for cross‐cultural equivalence, and how they were used to translate the OHIP. An electronic search used the keywords ‘cultural adaptation’, ‘validation’, ‘Oral Health Impact Profile’ and ‘OHIP’ in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases supplemented by reference links and grey literature. It included papers on methods of cross‐cultural translation and translations of the OHIP for dentulous adults and adolescents, and excluded papers without translational details or limited to specific disorders. The search identified eight steps to cross‐cultural equivalence, and 36 (plus three supplemental) translations of the OHIP. The steps involve assessment of (i) forward/backward translation by committee, (ii) constructs, (iii) item interpretations, (iv) interval scales, (v) convergent validity, (vi) discriminant validity, (vii) responsiveness to clinical change and (viii) pilot tests. Most (>60%) of the translations involved forward/backward translation by committee, item interpretations, interval scales, convergence, discrimination and pilot tests, but fewer assessed the underlying theory (47%) or responsiveness to clinical change (28%). An acceptable method for translating quality of life‐related psychometric instruments for cross‐cultural equivalence has eight procedural steps, and most of the 36 OHIP translations involved at least five of the steps. Only translations to Saudi Arabian Arabic, Chinese Mandarin, German and Japanese used all eight steps to claim cultural equivalence with the original OHIP.
Features of autosomal recessive non‐syndromic hearing impairment: a review to serve as a reference
Authors: Oonk A.M.M. , Huygen P.L.M. , Kunst H.P.M. , Kremer H. , Pennings R.J.E. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveNon‐syndromic sensorineural hearing impairment is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion in 75–85% of cases. To date, 61 genes with this type of inheritance have been identified as related to hearing impairment, and the genetic heterogeneity is accompanied by a large variety of clinical characteristics.Adequate counselling on a patient's hearing prognosis and rehabilitation is part of the diagnosis on the genetic cause of hearing impairment and, in addition, is important for the psychological well‐being of the patient.Type of reviewTraditional literature review.Data sourceAll articles describing clinical characteristics of the audiovestibular phenotypes of identified genes and related loci have been reviewed.ConclusionThis review aims to serve as a summary and a reference for counselling purposes when a causative gene has been identified in a patient with a non‐syndromic autosomal recessively inherited sensorineural hearing impairment.
Exploiting Listener Gaze to Improve Situated Communication in Dynamic Virtual Environments
Authors: Garoufi Konstantina , Staudte Maria , Koller Alexander , Crocker Matthew W. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBeyond the observation that both speakers and listeners rapidly inspect the visual targets of referring expressions, it has been argued that such gaze may constitute part of the communicative signal. In this study, we investigate whether a speaker may, in principle, exploit listener gaze to improve communicative success. In the context of a virtual environment where listeners follow computer‐generated instructions, we provide two kinds of support for this claim. First, we show that listener gaze provides a reliable real‐time index of understanding even in dynamic and complex environments, and on a per‐utterance basis. Second, we show that a language generation system that uses listener gaze to provide rapid feedback improves overall task performance in comparison with two systems that do not use gaze. Aside from demonstrating the utility of listener gaze in situated communication, our findings open the door to new methods for developing and evaluating multi‐modal models of situated interaction.
The influence of comorbidities on mortality in sarcoidosis: a observational prospective cohort study
Authors: Nowiński Adam , Puścińska Elzbieta , Goljan Anna , Peradzynska Joanna , Bednarek Michal , Korzybski Damian , Kamiński Dariusz , Stokłosa Anna , Czystowska Monika , Śliwiński Pawel , Górecka Dorota 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify the frequency and prevalence of comorbidities in sarcoid patients and to assess their influence on overall mortality in the cohort of patients with sarcoidosis.Materials and methodsA cohort of 557 patients with histologically confirmed sarcoidosis diagnosed between 2007 and 2011 and a group of non‐sarcoid controls were observed. All patients were carefully observed for comorbidities and mortality.Results291 males (52.2%) and 266 females (47.8%) with mean age 48.4 ± 12.0 years in sarcoidosis group and a group of 100 controls with mean age (49.25 ± 10.3) were observed. The mean number of comorbidities in both groups was similar (0.9 ± 0.99 vs 0.81 ± 0.84 NS). The frequency of thyroid disease was significantly higher in sarcoidosis group comparing to controls at the time of diagnosis (OR = 3.62 P = 0.0144). During the observation period (median 58.0 months), 16 patients died (2.9%). The mean number of comorbidities was significantly higher in the groups of non‐survivors as compared to survivors (2.8 ± 1.0, vs 0.8 ± 0.9), P < 0.0001.ConclusionThe comorbidity burden has strong impact on mortality in sarcoidosis. Thyroid diseases are more frequent in sarcoidosis than in non‐sarcoid controls.
Use of polarized light microscopy is essential in the efficient diagnosis of respiratory amyloidosis and could decrease disease prevalence
Authors: Ma Dedong , Lu Hongxiu , Zhang Cuijuan , Ying Yangyang , Xiao Wei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroductionPrimary tracheobronchial amyloidosis (TBA) is a rare disease of unknown etiology, with a high misdiagnosis rate. The current gold standard diagnostic criteria require double‐positive results for Congo red staining and polarized light microscopy examination.ObjectivesThe aim of the present report was to examine the diagnostic value of polarized light microscopy in TBA diagnosis in China.MethodsThirteen cases from the Shandong University Qilu Hospital were reviewed. Polarized light microscopic examination was conducted after searching for cases with positive Congo red staining.ResultsAmong the 13 patients, eight displayed yellow–green birefringence body with polarized light microscopic examination. This result indicated a false‐positive rate of 38.5% with Congo red staining used as the single criteria for TBA diagnosis. After reviewing the Chinese literature and selecting 104 reported cases of TBA in China, we found that diagnosis with the gold standard was confirmed in <30% patients, which may lead to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment.ConclusionThe universal use of polarized light microscopy in China is currently limited, and there is a big gap from the international diagnosis standards. There is a need to include polarized light microscopy in routine TBA diagnosis to reduce the misdiagnosis rate, and achieve optimal treatment.
Acute severe asthma with thyroid crisis and myasthenia: a case report and literature review
Authors: Gong Pi‐Hua , Dong Xiao‐Song , Li Chun , Bao Jing , Cao Zhao‐Long , Yuan Yun , Zheng Ya‐Li , Gao Zhan‐Cheng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground and Aims: Acute severe asthma, thyroid crisis and acute myasthenia are all medical emergencies that rarely coexistent. Here, we report a young man with severe asthma attack, necessitate invasive mechanical ventilation at the onset, followed by thyroid crisis, rhabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, thrombocytopenia and progressive myasthenia. The aim of this study is to better understand the relationships among severe asthma, autoimmune thyroiditis and myasthenia.Methods: The case was presented and former literatures were reviewed.Results: This is the first case report of a young patient presented with severe asthma and autoimmune thyroiditis, followed by thyroid storm, multiple organ dysfunction and myasthenia. Neither conventional treatment for asthma or thyroid storm was effective separately. The patient's clinical condition did not improve until after plasmapheresis.Conclusion: Here, we highlighted both the importance of early recognition of thyroid storm and prompt therapies, which likely attenuated organ dysfunction and enabled this patient to recover from the life‐threatening attack. Asthmatic patients should be closely controlled when suspected of thyroid disorders, especially those with high levels of anti‐thyroid antibodies irrespective of thyroid hormones concentrations.
Substance use, health status and service utilisation of older clients attending specialist drug and alcohol services
Authors: Lintzeris Nicholas , Rivas Consuelo , Monds Lauren A. , Leung Stefanie , Withall Adrienne , Draper Brian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe number of older clients attending drug and alcohol (D&A) services is increasing, although there is insufficient knowledge regarding service needs for this group. The aim of this study was to document the patterns of substance use, health status, cognition, social conditions, and health service utilisation of older clients in D&A treatment.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional observational study of 99 clients aged ≥50 years (M = 55, SD = 4.5; 77% male) attending specialist D&A services (N = 30 alcohol treatment, N = 69 opioid treatment) in Sydney, Australia. Participants completed a confidential research interview. Findings were compared to aggregated data from younger opioid substitution treatment (OST) clients attending the same services (N = 214).ResultsAlcohol (46%), benzodiazepines (40%) and cannabis (38%) were the most commonly reported substances used in the past 4 weeks; 23% reported no recent substance use, and 17% reported using three or more drugs. Participants reported high levels of physical and mental health problems, social isolation, low levels of employment, and a third reported difficulties with daily living activities. Forty percent had been injured in a fall in the past 12 months. The mean Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination‐R score was 82.4 ± 9.6, with 40% performing at a level consistent with severe cognitive impairment. A significantly higher proportion of older participants used alcohol and benzodiazepines than younger clients, and older participants had significantly poorer psychological health, physical health and quality of life.Discussion and ConclusionsD&A services will require strategies to address the complex physical, mental, cognitive and social problems of older clients. [Lintzeris N, Rivas C, Monds LA, Leung S, Withall A, Draper B. Substance use, health status and service utilisation of older clients attending specialist drug and alcohol services. Drug Alcohol Rev 2016;35:223–31]
Opening Pandora's bait box: a potent vector for biological invasions of live marine species
Authors: Fowler Amy E. , Blakeslee April M. H. , Canning‐Clode João , Repetto Michele F. , Phillip Anne M. , Carlton James T. , Moser Fredrika C. , Ruiz Gregory M. , Miller A. Whitman 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimFor over 80 years, the Maine baitworm trade has shipped live polychaete worms and packing algae ‘wormweed’ to distributors world‐wide, while also consistently transferring a wide diversity and abundance of hitchhiking organisms of all life stages to numerous recipient communities. Here, we investigate this potent, yet underestimated, invasion vector using an important recipient region (the Mid‐Atlantic) to examine the stepwise species transfer and survival along four stages of the vector.LocationMaine and Mid‐Atlantic region (New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia and North Carolina), USA.MethodsWe quantified taxonomic identities and abundances of organisms associated with packing algae at four stages along the vector pathway during summer 2011: (1) Maine source habitats; (2) bait boxes from Maine distributors; (3) bait boxes from distributors in five Mid‐Atlantic States; and (4) bait bags from retailers in five Mid‐Atlantic States. We also examined functional diversity based on significant physical and life history characteristics and assessed genetic diversity for two common hitchhiking snail species.ResultsWe identified 17,798 live macro‐organisms across 58 taxa, including marine macro‐invertebrates, macroalgae, vascular plants and semi‐terrestrial or aquatic invertebrates, present in bait boxes and bags. In all measures of diversity and abundance, we observed decreases of live marine macro‐invertebrates across sequential stages of the vector from source to recipient regions. Significant differences in community composition were also observed between stages and were driven by isopods (taxonomic diversity) and isopods, amphipods and some gastropods (functional diversity).Main conclusionsThe lack of management in the face of the sheer magnitude and diversity of organisms that are transported via the live marine bait trade underscores how this is an underappreciated vector that could be a considerable source of successful invasions globally.
The unpredictable characteristics of the localities where new Iberian species will be discovered
Authors: Payo‐Payo Ana , Lobo Jorge M. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTo describe patterns in new species descriptions, examine the spatial distribution and the associated environmental conditions of the localities with newly discovered species, as well as to assess whether protected areas encompass the majority of the occurrences of undescribed species.LocationIbero‐Balear region.MethodsAfter an exhaustive literature review, the temporal and spatial patterns of the terrestrial animal species described in the Ibero‐Balear region from 1994 to 2012 were mapped. Both linear and asymptotic functions were used to compare the rates of discovered species using Akaike weights. Generalized Linear Models were used to estimate the explanatory capacity of a large set of environmental, land use and distance variables on the presence–absence of newly discovered species and on the variation in the number of new discoveries.ResultsThe average annual description rate was 112 species; 99% of the species descriptions were invertebrates. Adjusted discovery curves suggest that we still have an incomplete animal inventory. Environmental variables possess a limited capacity to predict the characteristics of the localities where new species are discovered (≈ 12%).Main conclusionsOur results indicate that it is not possible to provide an advanced estimation of the environmental and land use characteristics of the Ibero‐Balear regions in which new species will be discovered in the future. Current protected areas are not guaranteed to conserve these undiscovered species, and non‐protected areas should also be considered important reservoirs of unknown biodiversity.
Effects of interventions promoting monitoring of medication use and brief messaging on medication adherence for people with Type 2 diabetes: a systematic review of randomized trials
Authors: Farmer A. J. , McSharry J. , Rowbotham S. , McGowan L. , Ricci‐Cabello I. , French D. P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimsTo assess the impact of interventions promoting the monitoring of medication use and brief messaging to support medication adherence in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and to investigate the extent of theory use to guide intervention development.MethodsWe systematically searched for controlled trials, published from 1990 onwards in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane library, that evaluated interventions based on monitoring and brief messaging to support medication adherence in patients with Type 2 diabetes, to examine the effectiveness of such interventions.ResultsA total of 11 trials, comparing 15 interventions, were identified. Only a small minority presented a low risk of bias. Three interventions were based on delivering brief messages, six were based on monitoring medication adherence, and six used both strategies. Messaging interventions included the use of short message service text messages, web‐based feedback, and messages delivered through monitoring devices. Monitoring interventions included remote self‐reporting of medication and telephone calls with healthcare staff. Improvements in medication adherence were observed in six interventions, although effect sizes were generally moderate. Only two interventions improved both adherence and clinical outcomes. A meta‐analysis of five trials (eight interventions) combining monitoring and messaging strategies showed that the pooled difference in medication adherence between intervention and control was moderate and not statistically significant [standardized mean difference = 0.22 (95% CI −0.05; 0.49)]. Only four trials were based on explicit theoretical frameworks.ConclusionsAlthough interventions based on messaging and monitoring have the potential to improve medication adherence in patients with Type 2 diabetes, evidence of their efficacy is limited and additional high‐quality, theory‐based research is needed.
Use of continuous glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes on peritoneal dialysis: poor correlation with HbA1c and high incidence of hypoglycaemia
Authors: Oei E. , Samad N. , Visser A. , Chowdhury T. A. , Fan S. L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundAchieving adequate glycaemic control in patients with diabetes on peritoneal dialysis is challenging. Traditional assessment of glycaemia using HbA1c is difficult in such patients because of renal anaemia or carbamylation of haemoglobin, and significant glucose excursions may be masked. We describe three patients with diabetes on peritoneal dialysis with similar HbA1c levels, but with very different glucose profiles shown on continuous glucose monitoring.Case reportsPatient 1 was treated with gliclazide, and had a number of solutions with high glucose concentration in his dialysis prescription. Continuous glucose monitoring showed glucose levels > 11 mmol/l for > 17 h per day, and < 4 mmol/l for 72 min per day with no symptoms. His HbA1c level was 61 mmol/mol (7.7%). Patient 2 was treated with insulin. Continuous glucose monitoring showed glucose levels > 11 mmol/mol for 3.8 h per day, and < 4 mmol/mol for 3.8 h per day. His HbA1c level was 59 mmol/mol (7.6%). Patient 3 was treated with pioglitazone and gliclazide, and glucose levels were > 11 mmol/l for 8 h per day and < 4 mmol/l for 1.6 h per day. His HbA1c was 62 mmol/mol (7.8%). None of the patients was aware of hypoglycaemia during the periods of low glucose recorded on continuous glucose monitoring.ConclusionDespite similar HbA1c levels, our three patients had very different glucose profiles. These cases highlight the fact that HbA1c is frequently inadequate in reflecting glucose control in patients with diabetes on peritoneal dialysis, and we suggest that intermittent continuous glucose monitoring may allow safer management of glycaemia in such patients.
Psychological morbidity among young adults attending primary care: a retrospective study
Authors: Hickey Louise , Hannigan Ailish , O'Regan Andrew , Khalil Sherif , Meagher David , Cullen Walter 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimCurrently, Ireland has the fourth highest rate of youth suicide in the European Union with psychological morbidity ranging from 21% to 27% in young adults. Primary care is ideally situated to address mental health problems and provide direction and support to young adults. This study investigates the prevalence and management of young adults aged 18–25 presenting to their general practitioner with a psychological problem as part of a larger study on all adults.MethodsA random sample of 100 patients aged 18 and over with a consultation in the previous 2 years was selected from the practice management systems of 40 general practices in Ireland. Clinical records of active patients (excluding temporary visitors to the practice) were examined using a standardized reporting tool to extract information on demographics, prevalence, diagnoses and treatments for psychological problems.ResultsOf the 3845 active patients sampled aged 18 and over, 479 were in the target age group of 18–25. Of the 479 young adults identified (51% female, 60% fee paying), 57 (12%, 95% CI: 9–15%) had a documented psychological problem within the previous 2 years. Those with psychological problems were more likely to be frequent attenders and eligible for free medical care. Depression (23%) and stress and anxiety (23%) were most commonly identified.ConclusionsThe estimated prevalence rate is considerably lower than previous studies which may indicate reluctance among young adults in presenting to primary care or reflect under‐identification of psychological problems. Given the high rate of prescribing, enhancing access to non‐pharmacological treatments in primary care is a priority.
Evaluation of verbal list learning as a predictor of psychosis
Authors: Lindgren Maija , Manninen Marko , Kalska Hely , Mustonen Ulla , Laajasalo Taina , Moilanen Kari , Huttunen Matti O. , Cannon Tyrone D. , Therman Sebastian , Suvisaari Jaana 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimWe explored whether cognitive performance, and verbal learning in particular, predicts psychosis or psychiatric hospitalizations among unselected first‐admission adolescent patients in general psychiatric care.MethodsUp to 152 adolescents aged 15–18 were interviewed with the SIPS, tested with a cognitive test battery in the beginning of their psychiatric treatment, and followed for a maximum of 9 years (median 4.5 years).ResultsThe composite factors of processing speed, verbal performance and visuospatial performance did not predict psychosis (n = 7) or all‐cause psychiatric hospitalizations (n = 26) beyond psychosis risk symptoms. However, those who developed psychosis performed worse on California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) compared to other adolescents. Lower scores of CVLT immediate recall predicted psychosis (P = .003, HR = 1.13 per CVLT point decrease). However, when general verbal ability was adjusted for, CVLT did not reach significance.ConclusionsImpaired verbal list learning may predict psychosis also among adolescent psychiatric patients not preselected for psychosis risk suspicion.
Relating belowground microbial composition to the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional trait distributions of trees in a tropical forest
Authors: Barberán Albert , McGuire Krista L. , Wolf Jeffrey A. , Jones F. Andrew , Wright Stuart Joseph , Turner Benjamin L. , Essene Adam , Hubbell Stephen P. , Faircloth Brant C. , Fierer Noah 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe complexities of the relationships between plant and soil microbial communities remain unresolved. We determined the associations between plant aboveground and belowground (root) distributions and the communities of soil fungi and bacteria found across a diverse tropical forest plot. Soil microbial community composition was correlated with the taxonomic and phylogenetic structure of the aboveground plant assemblages even after controlling for differences in soil characteristics, but these relationships were stronger for fungi than for bacteria. In contrast to expectations, the species composition of roots in our soil core samples was a poor predictor of microbial community composition perhaps due to the patchy, ephemeral, and highly overlapping nature of fine root distributions. Our ability to predict soil microbial composition was not improved by incorporating information on plant functional traits suggesting that the most commonly measured plant traits are not particularly useful for predicting the plot‐level variability in belowground microbial communities.