bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Craniofacial Resection for T4 Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma
Authors: Nishio Naoki , Fujimoto Yasushi , Fujii Masazumi , Saito Kiyoshi , Hiramatsu Mariko , Maruo Takashi , Iwami Kenichiro , Kamei Yuzuru , Yagi Shunjiro , Takahashi Masakatsu , Hayashi Yuichiro , Ando Atsushi , Nakashima Tsutomu 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to clarify the outcomes of craniofacial resection for locally advanced maxillary sinus carcinoma classified as T4 and to present methods for managing cases involving the skull base.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary university hospital.Subjects and MethodsWe performed anterolateral craniofacial resection in en bloc fashion for locally advanced maxillary sinus carcinoma at stage T4. Participants comprised 40 patients with T4 maxillary sinus carcinoma treated between 1992 and 2011. Surgical outcomes were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsForty patients with stage T4a (n = 26) or stage T4b (n = 14) were included in this study. Five‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates for the 40 patients with T4 maxillary sinus carcinoma were 62.7% and 52.6%, respectively. Cavernous sinus involvement correlated significantly with worse prognosis (P =. 012). In 35 cases without cavernous sinus involvement, previous treatment (P =. 017) and positive margins (P =. 019) correlated significantly with worse prognosis, and 5‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates were 72.4% and 55.3%, respectively.ConclusionThis study only included cases of locally advanced maxillary sinus carcinoma classified as T4. Considering the advanced stage, our study suggests relatively favorable outcomes and the importance of managing the cavernous sinus in en bloc resections of malignant skull base tumors. Craniofacial resection in en bloc fashion achieved good survival rates.
Postmarket Modifications of High‐Risk Therapeutic Devices in Otolaryngology Cleared by the US Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Rathi Vinay K. , Ross Joseph S. , Samuel Andre M. , Mehra Saral 
Published: June 2015

Objective:The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) grants initial marketing clearance for novel high‐risk medical devices via the premarket approval (PMA) pathway, which requires clinical data demonstrating safety and effectiveness. Manufacturers may subsequently file supplemental PMA applications (supplements) to implement incremental device changes, usually without additional clinical data. Given the potentially significant clinical implications of using new device models, this study characterized the frequency and nature of changes to high‐risk therapeutic otolaryngic devices cleared via the PMA pathway.Study Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:FDA PMA database.Methods:Original high‐risk therapeutic otolaryngic devices and supplements were identified. Supplements were characterized by clearance date, change type, and review track, including real‐time (design‐minor) and 180‐day (design‐major) tracks. Median device lineage life span (postmarket period over which changes occurred) and median number of changes per original device were calculated.Results:Through 2014, the FDA cleared 14 original high‐risk therapeutic otolaryngic devices via the PMA pathway and 528 incremental changes via supplements. Devices were modified over a median 10.5‐year life span (interquartile range, 4.4‐15.8; range, 0.7‐24.1), and they underwent a median 22 changes (interquartile range, 10‐70; range, 2‐108). Over half (272 of 528; 52%) altered device design, most of which were reviewed via the 180‐day track (199 of 272; 73%) intended for major design changes. Few real‐time design changes (11 of 73; 15%) were designated by the FDA as “minor.”Conclusion:A substantial number of incremental changes have been made to high‐risk therapeutic otolaryngic devices over time, including many major design changes without supporting clinical data.
Effect of Adenotonsillectomy on Central and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Thottam Prasad John , Choi Sukgi , Simons Jeffrey P. , Kitsko Dennis J. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesTo determine and quantify changes in both central and obstructive sleep apnea in patients with Down syndrome (DS) after adenotonsillectomy (AT).Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care children’s hospital.Subjects and MethodsThe records of all patients with DS who underwent AT for sleep‐disordered breathing between November 2008 and December 2014 were examined. In total, 113 patients were identified, and 36 of these patients had pre‐ and postoperative polysomnograms (PSGs) that were analyzed for obstructive and central components. Wilcoxon signed‐rank test, paired t test, and McNemar test were used to examine pre‐ and postoperative PSG differences. Logistic regression and multivariate analysis of variance of patient characteristics (between subjects) and PSG results (within subjects) were conducted.ResultsThe mean (SD) patient age was 5.5 (4.0) years (range, 0.9‐15 years); 50.0% were male. After AT, significant reductions were identified in both obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) (P <. 001) and overall AHI (P <. 001). Among the 15 patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea, 86.7% experienced a significant AHI reduction to moderate or mild disease (P <. 001). In addition, of the 15 patients with central sleep apnea (central apnea index [CAI] >1), 66.7% had resolution of central sleep apnea postoperatively (P =. 004). There was also a significant interaction identified between CAI reduction, preoperative CO2 retention, and adenoid size, F(2, 20) = 6.87, P =. 05.ConclusionChildren with DS who underwent AT demonstrated significant reductions in both obstructive and central apneic indices on PSG. A significant number of patients with central sleep apnea demonstrated resolution postoperatively. Additional analysis demonstrated a significant interaction between CO2 retention, adenoid size, and postoperative CAI reduction.
d-Dimer as a Screening Marker for Venous Thromboembolism After Surgery Among Patients Younger Than 50 With Lower Limb Fractures
Authors: Yang Yong , Zan Pengfei , Gong Jinpeng , Cai Ming 
Published: June 2015

Objective: For the present study, the authors hypothesized that the d-dimer levels would be systematically raised in a postoperative population of patients younger than 50 with lower limb fractures and to define a feasible cutoff value for identification of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Methods: Doppler ultrasonography of lower limbs was performed pre- and postoperatively to evaluate for deep vein thrombosis in 150 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Plasma d-dimer levels were assessed 2 days before surgery and on the 3rd, 7th, and 10th days after surgery. Statistical analysis was carried out to define a feasible threshold for the d-dimer levels. Results: Plasma d-dimer levels were found to be systematically raised postoperatively, and they differed between patients with and without VTE significantly. On the third day after surgery, d-dimer levels of more than 3 mg/L indicated VTE with a sensitivity of 88.37% and a specificity of 96.96%, allowing for the definition of a feasible cutoff value. Duration of surgery, duration of tourniquet, ventilation time, and time of postoperative immobility of lower limbs were identified as highly significant risk factors for the development of VTE. Conclusion: Using a threshold of 3 mg/L, the d-dimer levels will screen out VTE with a high degree of sensitivity and specificity in younger patients who have undergone ORIF for lower limb fractures.
Rebound hyperglycaemia in diabetic cats
Authors: Roomp Kirsten , Rand Jacquie 
Published: June 2015

Objectives Rebound hyperglycaemia (also termed Somogyi effect) is defined as hyperglycaemia caused by the release of counter-regulatory hormones in response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, and is widely believed to be common in diabetic cats. However, studies in human diabetic patients over the past quarter century have rejected the common occurrence of this phenomenon. Therefore, we evaluated the occurrence and prevalence of rebound hyperglycaemia in diabetic cats. Methods In a retrospective study, 10,767 blood glucose curves of 55 cats treated with glargine using an intensive blood glucose regulation protocol with a median of five blood glucose measurements per day were evaluated for evidence of rebound hyperglycaemic events, defined in two different ways (with and without an insulin resistance component). Results While biochemical hypoglycaemia occurred frequently, blood glucose curves consistent with rebound hyperglycaemia with insulin resistance was confined to four single events in four different cats. In 14/55 cats (25%), a median of 1.5% (range 0.32–7.7%) of blood glucose curves were consistent with rebound hyperglycaemia without an insulin resistance component; this represented 0.42% of blood glucose curves in both affected and unaffected cats. Conclusions and relevance We conclude that despite the frequent occurrence of biochemical hypoglycaemia, rebound hyperglycaemia is rare in cats treated with glargine on a protocol aimed at tight glycaemic control. For glargine-treated cats, insulin dose should not be reduced when there is hyperglycaemia in the absence of biochemical or clinical evidence of hypoglycaemia.
A pilot study exploring the effects of musical genres on the depth of general anaesthesia assessed by haemodynamic responses
Authors: Mira Filipa , Costa Alexandra , Mendes Eva , Azevedo Pedro , Carreira L Miguel 
Published: June 2015

Objectives This pilot study aimed to investigate whether and how music and musical genres may influence the depth of anaesthesia, as measured using changes in arterial blood pressure (ABP), including systolic blood pressure (SBP), and heart rate (HR) across three different surgical time points. Methods This work focused on a sample of 12 female cats ( Felis catus) that were subjected to an elective ovariohysterectomy (OVH), and three different surgical time points were considered (T1, coeliotomy; T2, ligature placement and transection of the ovarian pedicle; and T3, ligature placement and transection of the uterine body). All of the cats were subjected to stimulation with 2 min segments of three music tracks from different genres (pop [PM], classical [CM] and heavy metal [HM]). At the same time, ABP and HR measurements were obtained using a multi-parametric monitor. For statistical analysis, P values <0.05 were considered significant. Results For all cats, music exposure induced statistically significant changes in the parameters under study; the same finding was observed for the genre of music. The majority of cats experienced the same variation pattern, with lower values when exposed to CM, intermediate values when exposed to PM and higher values when exposed to HM. Conclusions and relevance Our results indicate that the development of sensory processing of acoustic stimuli is maintained by cats under general anaesthesia and reveal the influence of music on the autonomous nervous system, as measured using HR and SBP.
What can Ruby do with a camera? Ex-prisoners use Photovoice to reverse the rules of surveillance
Authors: Jarldorn Michele 
Published: June 2015

This article provides an account of the possibilities of using Photovoice as a research method that can empower participants by foregrounding the data produced by Ruby (a pseudonym) to highlight women’s unique experiences of imprisonment and release. Designed using an anti-oppressive, critical social work perspective, this project aims to gain a greater understanding of the post-release experiences of ex-prisoners in South Australia. Participants were posed with the research question ‘if you were able to spend 15 minutes with a politician or policy maker, what would you want to tell them about your experiences?’ Through her lens, Ruby returns the gaze of surveillance, commenting on the disempowerment women experience in prison and their attempts at reclaiming their rights and dignity. Ruby’s data discredit some of the pervasive myths surrounding criminalised women, while calling for fair medical treatment and equal opportunities for women to prepare for their release. This article concludes that the solidarity built between women in prison helps them to tolerate undignified spaces and that their freedom is tempered with an enduring concern for those left behind.
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination in adults undergoing immunosuppressive treatment for inflammatory diseases – a longitudinal study
Authors: Fischer Lara , Gerstel Patricia Francis , Poncet Antoine , Siegrist Claire-Anne , Laffitte Emmanuel , Gabay Cem , Seebach Joerg Dieter , Ribi Camillo 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy are at increased risk of infection. Community-acquired pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease account for substantial morbidity and mortality in this population and may be prevented by vaccination. Ideally, immunization to pneumococcal antigens should take place before the start of immunosuppressive treatment. Often, however, the treatment cannot be delayed. Little is known about the efficacy of pneumococcal vaccines during immunosuppressive treatment. The objectives of this study were to determine the percentage of vaccine-naïve, immunosuppressed adults with inflammatory diseases seroprotected against Streptococcus pneumoniae and to assess factors associated with the immunogenicity, clinical impact and safety of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) in seronegative subjects.

Methods
This observational study included patients 18 years of age and older who were receiving prednisone ≥20 mg/day or other immunosuppressive drugs. Exclusion criteria were PPV administration in the previous 5 years, intravenous immunoglobulins and pregnancy. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels against six pneumococcal serotypes were measured. Seropositivity was defined as IgG of 0.5 μg/ml or greater for at least four of six serotypes. Seronegative patients received PPV, and seropositive patients were included as a comparison group. Vaccine response and tolerance were assessed after 4–8 weeks. Disease activity was evaluated on the basis of the Physician Global Assessment scores. Serology was repeated after 1 year, and information on any kind of infection needing medical attention was collected. Outcomes were the proportion of seropositivity and infections between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients.

Results
Of 201 included patients, 35 received high-dose corticosteroids and 181 were given immunosuppressive drugs. Baseline seronegativity in 60 (30 %) patients was associated with corticotherapy and lower total IgG. After PPV, disease activity remained unchanged or decreased in 81 % of patients, and 87 % became seropositive. After 1 year, 67 % of vaccinated compared with 90 % of observed patients were seropositive (p < 0.001), whereas the rate of infections did not differ between groups. Those still taking prednisone ≥10 mg/day tended to have poorer serological responses and had significantly more infections.

Conclusions
PPV was safe and moderately effective based on serological response. Seropositivity to pneumococcal antigens significantly reduced the risk of infections. Sustained high-dose corticosteroids were associated with poor vaccine response and more infections.
Transvenous vagus nerve stimulation does not modulate the innate immune response during experimental human endotoxemia: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Kox Matthijs , van Eijk Lucas T. , Verhaak Tim , Frenzel Tim , Kiers Harmke D. , Gerretsen Jelle , van der Hoeven Johannes G. , Kornet Lilian , Scheiner Avram , Pickkers Peter 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) exerts beneficial anti-inflammatory effects in various animal models of inflammation, including collagen-induced arthritis, and is implicated in representing a novel therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. However, evidence of anti-inflammatory effects of VNS in humans is very scarce. Transvenous VNS (tVNS) is a newly developed and less invasive method to stimulate the vagus nerve. In the present study, we determined whether tVNS is a feasible and safe procedure and investigated its putative anti-inflammatory effects during experimental human endotoxemia.

Methods
We performed a randomized double-blind sham-controlled study in healthy male volunteers. A stimulation catheter was inserted in the left internal jugular vein at spinal level C5–C7, adjacent to the vagus nerve. In the tVNS group (n = 10), stimulation was continuously performed for 30 minutes (0–10 V, 1 ms, 20 Hz), starting 10 minutes before intravenous administration of 2 ng kg−1Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Sham-instrumented subjects (n = 10) received no electrical stimulation.

Results
No serious adverse events occurred throughout the study. In the tVNS group, stimulation of the vagus nerve was achieved as indicated by laryngeal vibration. Endotoxemia resulted in fever, flu-like symptoms, and hemodynamic changes that were unaffected by tVNS. Furthermore, plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines increased sharply during endotoxemia, but responses were similar between groups. Finally, cytokine production by leukocytes stimulated with LPS ex vivo, as well as neutrophil phagocytosis capacity, were not influenced by tVNS.

Conclusions
tVNS is feasible and safe, but does not modulate the innate immune response in humans in vivo during experimental human endotoxemia.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01944228. Registered 12 September 2013.
Prognostic factors for progression of clinical osteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Bastick Alex N. , Runhaar Jos , Belo Janneke N. , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M.A. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Introduction
We performed a systematic review of prognostic factors for the progression of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA), defined as increase in pain, decline in physical function or total joint replacement.

Method
We searched for available observational studies up to January 2015 in Medline and Embase according to a specified search strategy. Studies that fulfilled our initial inclusion criteria were assessed for methodological quality. Data were extracted and the results were pooled, or if necessary summarized according to a best evidence synthesis.

Results
Of 1,392 articles identified, 30 met the inclusion criteria and 38 determinants were investigated. Pooling was not possible due to large heterogeneity between studies. The best evidence synthesis showed strong evidence that age, ethnicity, body mass index, co-morbidity count, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-detected infrapatellar synovitis, joint effusion and baseline OA severity (both radiographic and clinical) are associated with clinical knee OA progression. There was moderate evidence showing that education level, vitality, pain-coping subscale resting, MRI-detected medial femorotibial cartilage loss and general bone marrow lesions are associated with clinical knee OA progression. However, evidence for the majority of determinants was limited (including knee range of motion or markers) or conflicting (including age, gender and joint line tenderness).

Conclusion
Strong evidence was found for multiple prognostic factors for progression of clinical knee OA. A large variety in definitions of clinical knee OA (progression) remains, which makes it impossible to summarize the evidence through meta-analyses. More research on prognostic factors for knee OA is needed using symptom progression as an outcome measure. Remarkably, only few studies have been performed using pain progression as an outcome measure. The pathophysiology of radiographic factors and their relation with symptoms should be further explored.
New fixed point theorems for generalized F-contractions in complete metric spaces
Authors: Ahmad Jamshaid , Al-Rawashdeh Ahmed , Azam Akbar 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this paper, owing to the concept of F-contraction, we define two new classes of functions $M(S,T)$
M
(
S
,
T
)
and $N(S,T)$
N
(
S
,
T
)
, and we prove some new fixed point results for single-valued and multivalued mappings in complete metric spaces. Our results extend, generalize and unify several known results in the literature. We include an example to show that the generalization is proper.
Duration of untreated psychosis and need for admission in patients who engage with mental health services in the prodromal phase
Authors: Valmaggia Lucia R. , Byrne Majella , Day Fern , Broome Matthew R. , Johns Louise , Howes Oliver , Power Paddy , Badger Steven , Fusar-Poli Paolo , McGuire Philip K. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundIt is unknown whether prodromal services improve outcomes in those who go on to develop psychosis, and whether these patients are demographically different from the overall first-episode population.AimsTo compare sociodemographic features, duration of untreated psychosis, hospital admission and frequency of compulsory treatment in the first year after the onset of psychosis in patients who present to prodromal services with patients who did not present to services until the first episode of psychosis.MethodWe compared two groups of patients with first-episode psychosis: one who made transition after presenting in the prodromal phase and the other who had presented with a first episode.ResultsThe patients who had presented before the first episode were more likely to be employed and less likely to belong to an ethnic minority group. They had a shorter duration of untreated psychosis, and were less likely to have been admitted to hospital and to have required compulsory treatment.ConclusionsPatients who develop psychosis after being engaged in the prodromal phase have a better short-term clinical outcome than patients who do not present until the first episode. Patients who present during first episodes may be more likely to have sociodemographic features associated with relatively poor outcomes.
To the Question of Comprehensive Treatment in the Patients with Ovarian Cancer III-IV Stages by Autohemochemotherapy Associated with the «Melaxen»
Authors: Козырева  , Kozyreva S. , Козырев  , Kozyrev K. , Карсанов  , Karsanov S. 
Published: June 2015

This paper presents the positive characteristics of preoperative autohemochemotherapy associated with the drug &#34;Melaxen” as a synthetic analogue of the epiphysial hormone melatonin, produced by Unipharm-USA in the complex treatment of patients with ovarian cancer on the stage III-IV. The authors emphasize that the &#34;Melaxen&#34; has a powerful antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and adaptogenic action, reduces stress response and regulates neuroendocrine function and biological rhythms. The authors believe that neoadjuvant autohemotherapy by the &#34;Melaxen&#34; with a powerful immunomodulatory and lipoic effects, improves general non-specific resistance of the organism, has a positive effect on the immediate and remote results of complex treatment of patients. In comparison with polychemotherapy, the autohemotherapy in combination with the “Melaxen&#34; has the advantages. This therapy is significant in several basic methods of treatment of malignant tumors of the localization.
It was found that with autohemochemotherapy by the &#34;Melaxen&#34; improves efficiency polychemotherapy, reduces its toxicity, consequently, clinically warranted and expedient in this connection, can be used as subsidiary means complex treatment of ovarian cancer recurrence in the spread process. The drug allows to improve the quality of life, to increase its duration in critically ill patients.