bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Heterocyclization of β‐Alkynyl Hydroxamic Acids: Synthesis of Isoxazolidin‐3‐ones.
Authors: Haering Andreas P. , Klahn Philipp , Juebermann Martin , Mohr Fabian , Kirsch Stefan F. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIsoxazolidin‐3‐ones are obtained by mild Au‐catalyzed 5‐exo cyclization of N‐substituted α‐alkynyl hydroxamic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Regioselective Direct Arylation at the C‐3 Position of N‐Alkyl‐2‐pyridone.
Authors: Modak Atanu , Rana Sujoy , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: May 2015

AbstractC‐3‐arylated 2‐pyridones are synthesized by direct C‐H coupling of the corresponding N‐alkyl‐2‐pyridones with arylboronic acids using potassium peroxodisulfate as oxidant in the presence of Fe(III)‐catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Tricyclic Dihydropyrimidine Derivatives and Their Biological Evaluation.
Authors: Kaur Navneet , Kaur Kamalpreet , Raj Tilak , Kaur Gaganpreet , Singh Ajnesh , Aree Thammarat , Park Sae‐Jin , Kim Tack‐Joong , Singh Narinder , Jang Doo Ok 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe title compounds are synthesized using one‐pot, three‐component Traube—Schwarz reaction with various aldehydes in presence of a zinc catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot, Three‐Component Aminotriazine Annulation onto 5‐Aminopyrazole‐4‐carbonitriles under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Lim Felicia Phei Lin , Luna Giuseppe , Dolzhenko Anton V. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe operationally simple reaction of 5‐aminopyrazoles (I) with triethyl orthoformate and cyanamide proceeds in a chemo‐ and regioselective manner to form pyrazolotriazine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of 4‐Oxo‐5‐trimethylsilanyl Derived α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Reid Caroline M. , Fanning Kate N. , Fowler Lindsay S. , Sutherland Andrew 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn comparison to similar 2‐oxo‐trimethylsilanes the title compound (III) is relatively stable and can by separated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bis(arylethynyl) Selenides by One‐Pot Protocol.
Authors: Zhu Yun‐Xing , Zhao Zi‐Jian , Zhang Yang , Su Qiong , Peng Zhi‐Hong , An De‐Lie 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA series of the title compounds (II) is efficiently obtained by one‐pot three‐step synthesis starting from the corresponding bis(arylethanonyl) selenides (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Criofolinine and Vernavosine, New Pentacyclic Indole Alkaloids Incorporating Pyrroloazepine and Pyridopyrimidine Moieties Derived from a Common Yohimbine Precursor.
Authors: Nge Choy‐Eng , Gan Chew‐Yan , Lim Kuan‐Hon , Ting Kang‐Nee , Low Yun‐Yee , Kam Toh‐Seok 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe isolation and structure elucidation of criofolinine (I) and the ethyl ether derivative (IIb) of vernavosine (IIa) are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐ and Indium‐Catalyzed Reactions Toward Nitrogen‐ and Oxygen‐Containing Saturated Heterocycles
Authors: Cornil Johan , Gonnard Laurine , Bensoussan Charlelie , Serra‐Muns Anna , Gnamm Christian , Commandeur Claude , Commandeur Malgorzata , Reymond Sebastien , Guerinot Amandine , Cossy Janine 
Published: May 2015

AbstractReview: 74 refs.
Potent, Metabolically Stable 2‐Alkyl‐8‐(2H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐2‐yl)‐9H‐adenines as Adenosine A2A Receptor Ligands
Authors: Pace Silvia , Brogin Giandomenico , Stasi Maria Antonietta , Riccioni Teresa , Borsini Franco , Capocasa Francesca , Manera Francesco , Tallarico Carlo , Grossi Pietro , Vacondio Federica , Bassi Michele , Bartoccini Francesca , Lucarini Simone , Piersanti Giovanni , Tarzia Giorgio , Cabri Walter , Minetti Patrizia 
Published: May 2015

AbstractInhibition of adenosine A2A receptors has been shown to elicit a therapeutic response in preclinical animal models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We previously identified the triazolo‐9H‐purine, ST1535, as a potent A2AR antagonist. Studies revealed that ST1535 is extensively hydroxylated at the ω‐1 position of the butyl side chain. Here, we describe the synthesis and evaluation of derivatives in which the ω‐1 position has been substituted (F, Me, OH) in order to block metabolism. The stability of the compounds was evaluated in human liver microsomes (HLM), and the affinity for A2AR was determined. Two compounds, (2‐(3,3‐dimethylbutyl)‐9‐methyl‐8‐(2H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐2‐yl)‐9H‐purin‐6‐amine (3 b) and 4‐(6‐amino‐9‐methyl‐8‐(2H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐2‐yl)‐9H‐purin‐2‐yl)‐2‐methylbutan‐2‐ol (3 c), exhibited good affinity against A2AR (Ki=0.4 nM and 2 nM, respectively) and high in vitro metabolic stability (89.5 % and 95.3 % recovery, respectively, after incubation with HLM for two hours).
A wideband low‐spur 0.18‐µm CMOS phase‐locked loop with bandwidth calibration
Authors: Yu Yueh‐Hua , Chen Yi‐Jan Emery 
Published: May 2015

SummaryThis paper presents a 0.18‐µm complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor wideband phase‐locked loop with low reference spurs. The dual‐level charge‐pump current calibration technique is proposed to maintain a constant loop bandwidth for wide operation frequency range and achieve low reference spurs. The first level charge‐pump current calibration is seamlessly incorporated in the automatic frequency band hopping control and the mechanism also ensures enough negative transconductance for the voltage‐controlled oscillator to function throughout the whole frequency range. The charge‐pump current mismatch is calibrated by the second level charge‐pump current calibration combined with the pulse‐width scaling technique. The operation frequency range of the phase‐locked loop covers from 4.7 GHz to 6.1 GHz. The measured phase noise is−116 dBc/Hz at 1‐MHz offset and the reference spurs are below−66.8 dBc. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
R‐11‐based power control approach for overlaid femtocell networks
Authors: Sambanthan Padmapriya , Muthu Tamilarasi 
Published: May 2015

SummaryShort range, low power, plug‐and‐play femtocell has carved a niche for itself because of its potential for higher rate indoor voice and data service, coverage enhancement over cell edges, high network capacity, and negligible greenhouse gas emission. The frequency reuse phenomenon in two‐tier cellular network subjects the cell‐edge macrouser to severe downlink interference from co‐channel deployed femtocells in the same province. Downlink power control approach is a recommended remedy to overcome such type of interferences. This paper proposes release‐11‐based maximum downlink power control (R‐11‐based MDPC) approach to protect macrouser's service from co‐channel interference. The feedback strategy incorporated in this paper is formulated by R‐11 of 3rd Generation Partnership Program for Long Term Evolution standard. Implementation of new R‐11‐based feedback strategy between femto‐base station and macro‐base station with MDPC approach ensures instantaneous power control with minimal feedback delay, higher signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR), simple receiver module design, and better service availability. Simulation results of R‐11‐based MDPC approach clearly indicate reduced feedback delay, better power control with minimal interference, improved SINR, and negligible outage probability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intramandibular glands in different castes of leaf‐cutting Ant, Atta laevigata (Fr. Smith, 1858) (Formicidae: Attini)
Authors: Martins Luiza Carla Barbosa , Della Lucia Terezinha Maria Castro , Gonçalves Wagner Gonzaga , Delabie Jacques Hubert Charles , Zanuncio José cola , Serrão José Eduardo 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIntramandibular glands have been poorly studied in polymorphic ants, where the differences between castes were unsufficiently scrutinized. Leaf‐cutting ants possess one of the most complex systems of communication and labor division, which is polymorphic well as age polyethism, and makes them an ideal model for the study of intramandibular glands. This study has investigated the occurrence of intramandibular glands in female castes and subcastes of Atta laevigata. The mandibles of the queen, medium, and minor workers, and soldiers were submitted to histological, histochemical, ultrastructural, and morphometric analyses. The class‐3 gland cells and the epidermal gland with a reservoir were found in all the castes. The queens and soldiers showed a higher number of class‐3 gland cells, distributed within the mandible as well as a greater gland size in comparison to the workers. The histochemical tests, periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS), mercury‐bromophenol, and Nile blue, were similar for the class‐3 gland cells and epidermal glands with a reservoir. However, the tests evidenced differences between the castes, with carbohydrates strongly positive in all of them, whereas neutral lipids were found in the queen and soldiers. The protein was weakly positive in the queen, whereas in the soldier, medium, and minor workers these reactions were strongly positive in the intramandibular glands. Our findings in A. laevigata suggest that intramandibular glands are directly involved in labor division and consequently in chemical communication between the castes. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:603–612, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nano‐domains formation on photoalignment thin film by self‐organized dewetting
Authors: Lee Chung‐Yung , Li Yuet‐Wing , Tseng Man‐Chun , Chigrinov Vladimir G. , Kwok Hoi‐Sing 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA novel discontinuous photoalignment surface with nano‐domains for liquid crystal is developed. The formation of the discontinuous structure is created by self‐organized dewetting, which is regarded as one of the most promising bottom‐up approaches to fabricate nano‐structure. Different dewetting conditions, such as surface roughness, thickness and viscosity, have been investigated. Such discontinuous photoalignment layer can be fabricated on top of another continuous alignment layer to form a new kind of heterogeneous nano‐structured alignment surface – stacked alignment layers. This heterogeneous alignment surface can be used to produce arbitrary pretilt angles for the liquid crystal display. Simulation model has been built to understand the dewetting mechanism. Experiments using photo‐aligned and photo‐polymerisable polymer have been done to verify the dewetting theory. The produced stacked alignment layers are proved to be robust. Moreover, the dewetting processing is a fully controllable process and is compatible with existing manufacturing techniques.
Impact of delayed lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel lymphnode biopsy for breast cancer
Authors: Wang Hanghang , Heck Karissa , Pruitt Scott K. , Wong Terence Z. , Scheri Randall P. , Georgiade Gregory S. , Ichite Ikwunze , Hwang E. Shelley 
Published: May 2015

BackgroundDespite universal adoption of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for breast cancer, there remains no standardized protocol for preoperative lymphoscintographic assessment of sentinel nodes. Both immediate and delayed lymphoscintigraphy are currently utilized, although it is unclear how delayed imaging impacts SLN identification.MethodsAmong patients diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent SLNB at Duke from 2011 to 2012, two protocols for preoperative lymphoscintigraphy were used: protocol A included both immediate and delayed lymphoscintigraphy (n = 152), while protocol B involved immediate lymphoscintigraphy only (n = 103).ResultsThe overall intraoperative SLN identification rate was 98.4% and did not differ between groups. A lower number of SLN were visualized on the immediate scan using protocol A compared to protocol B (P < 0.001). Although a greater total number of nodes was excised using protocol A, this result was not statistically significant (P = 0.08). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the number of negative SLN between groups (P = 0.51).ConclusionsWe found no significant impact on identification rate or number of SLN excised with the use of delayed versus immediate imaging. These findings support abandoning delayed lymphoscintographic imaging, except in those cases where aberrant drainage is suspected. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:931–934. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Positive Affect and Malleable Mental Accounting: An Investigation of the Role of Positive Affect in Flexible Expense Categorization and Spending
Authors: Loureiro Yuliya Komarova , Haws Kelly L. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTThe present research examines the impact of positive affect on mental accounting and the underlying mechanisms. The authors find that individuals in a positive (vs. neutral) affective state are less likely to exploit ambiguity in mental accounts and justify spending, but only when processing resources are unconstrained. In contrast, when processing resources are limited (high cognitive load), those in a positive (vs. neutral) affective state are more likely to spend. These findings offer new insights into the interplay between affect and cognition in decision making, the use of mental accounting strategies, and the role of affect in spending and self‐control.
A new role for α‐synuclein in Parkinson's disease: Alteration of ER–mitochondrial communication
Authors: Guardia‐Laguarta Cristina , Area‐Gomez Estela , Schon Eric A. , Przedborski Serge 
Published: May 2015

AbstractFamilial cases of Parkinson's disease (PD) can be associated with overexpression or mutation of α‐synuclein, a synaptic protein reported to be localized mainly in the cytosol and mitochondria. We recently showed that wild‐type α‐synuclein is not present in mitochondria, as previously thought, but rather is located in mitochondrial‐associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes. Remarkably, we also found that PD‐related mutated α‐synuclein results in its reduced association with mitochondria‐associated membranes, coincident with a lower degree of apposition of endoplasmic reticulum with mitochondria and an increase in mitochondrial fragmentation, as compared with wild‐type. This new subcellular localization of α‐synuclein raises fundamental questions regarding the relationship of α‐synuclein to mitochondria‐associated membranes function, in both normal and pathological states. In this article, we attempt to relate aspects of PD pathogenesis to what is known about mitochondria‐associated membranes' behavior and function. We hypothesize that early events occurring in dopaminergic neurons at the level of the mitochondria‐associated membranes could cause long‐term disturbances that lead to PD. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Fast rotary nonlinear spatial acquisition (FRONSAC) imaging
Authors: Wang Haifeng , Tam Leo K. , Constable R. Todd , Galiana Gigi 
Published: May 2015

PurposeNonlinear spatial encoding magnetic fields (SEMs) have been studied to reconstruct images from a minimum number of echoes. Previous work has also explored single shot trajectories in nonlinear SEMs. However, the search continues for optimal schemes that apply nonlinear SEMs to improve spatial encoding efficiency and image quality.Theory and MethodsWe enhance the encoding efficiency of standard linear gradient trajectories by adding a rapidly rotating nonlinear SEM of moderate amplitude, the so called FRONSAC (Fast ROtary Nonlinear Spatial ACquisition) imaging. This additional gradient greatly improves the image quality of highly undersampled single‐shot trajectories, including EPI, Spiral, and Rosette trajectories.ResultsOur simulations, including noise and dephasing effects, test the effect of adding FRONSAC gradients, demonstrating the applicability of this approach. Performance is explained by demonstrating the additional k‐space sampling the nonlinear gradient provides. Studies of the optimal amplitude and frequency of the additional FRONSAC field are presented, and the role of enhanced sampling during the readout demonstrated. Dynamic field mapping in a second‐order gradient system shows the proposed gradient waveforms are feasible.ConclusionImages resulting from highly undersampled existing k‐space trajectories, such as EPI, Spiral, and Rosette, are greatly enhanced simply by adding a rotating nonlinear SEM field. Magn Reson Med 75:1154–1165, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous FETI and block FETI: Robust domain decomposition with multiple search directions
Authors: Gosselet Pierre , Rixen Daniel , Roux François‐Xavier , Spillane Nicole 
Published: May 2015

SummaryDomain decomposition methods often exhibit very poor performance when applied to engineering problems with large heterogeneities. In particular, for heterogeneities along domain interfaces, the iterative techniques to solve the interface problem are lacking an efficient preconditioner. Recently, a robust approach, named finite element tearing and interconnection (FETI)–generalized eigenvalues in the overlaps (Geneo), was proposed where troublesome modes are precomputed and deflated from the interface problem. The cost of the FETI–Geneo is, however, high. We propose in this paper techniques that share similar ideas with FETI–Geneo but where no preprocessing is needed and that can be easily and efficiently implemented as an alternative to standard domain decomposition methods. In the block iterative approaches presented in this paper, the search space at every iteration on the interface problem contains as many directions as there are domains in the decomposition. Those search directions originate either from the domain‐wise preconditioner (in the simultaneous FETI method) or from the block structure of the right‐hand side of the interface problem (block FETI). We show on two‐dimensional structural examples that both methods are robust and provide good convergence in the presence of high heterogeneities, even when the interface is jagged or when the domains have a bad aspect ratio. The simultaneous FETI was also efficiently implemented in an optimized parallel code and exhibited excellent performance compared with the regular FETI method. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Breast cancer heterogeneity: parallel evolution or conscious uncoupling?
Authors: Natrajan Rachael C 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBreast cancer is known to display considerable inter‐ and intra‐tumour genetic heterogeneity. It is now widely accepted that no two breast cancers harbour the same complement of genomic alterations, and that both primary and metastatic breast cancers are composed of multiple genetically diverse subclones that evolve under different selective pressures. Recent work published in the Journal of Pathology by Desmedt and colleagues questions the evolutionary dynamics of multi‐focal breast cancer with similar pathological features by studying the mutational repertoire of different lesions. Whilst the majority of the lesions showed some common driver alterations, one‐third lacked any common mutations, suggesting very early clonal divergence. These and other recent observations underscore the need for a fundamental understanding of the rules governing breast cancer evolution, and highlight the need for in‐depth assessment of driver alterations for appropriate patient management and selective treatment. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional crystalline supramolecular nanostructures from self‐assembly of rod–coil molecules incorporating lateral carboxyl group in the middle of the rod segment
Authors: Yu Shengsheng , Yang Yuntian , Li Chengfan , Chen Tie , Jin Long Yi 
Published: May 2015

AbstractWe report the synthesis and self‐assembling behaviour of coil–rod–coil molecules 1a–1c and 2a–2c, which incorporate lateral carboxyl or ester groups in the middle of the rod segment. The self‐assembling behaviour of these molecules was investigated in the bulk using differential scanning calorimetry, polarised optical microscopy and small‐angle X‐ray scattering. Our results reveal that hydrogen bonds strongly influence the self‐assembling behaviour of rod‐like building blocks. Molecules 1a–1c, which incorporate carboxyl groups in the middle of rod segments, self‐assemble into two‐dimensional (2‐D) columnar, three‐dimensional (3‐D) body‐centred tetragonal and 3‐D hexagonal close‐packed assemblies in the crystalline state. However, molecules 2a–2c, which contain ester groups in the centre of rod segments, self‐assemble into unexpected lamellar, hexagonal perforated lamellar and 2‐D columnar nanostructures in the bulk, indicating that hydrogen bonds impede intermolecular stacking in this rod–coil system. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Temperature and pH responsive hydrogels based on polyethylene glycol analogues and poly(methacrylic acid) via click chemistry
Authors: Sheng Weijuan , Liu Teng , Liu Shouxin , Wang Qinqin , Li Xuan , Guang Naer 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA novel temperature responsive copolymer, poly[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate‐co‐oligo(ethylene glycol)methacrylate‐co‐N‐hydroxymethyl acrylamide] [P(MEO2MA‐co‐OEGMA‐co‐HMAM)], was synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. pH responsive poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) was synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. After the hydroxyl groups on P(MEO2MA‐co‐OEGMA‐co‐HMAM) were transformed into azide groups and the carboxyl groups on PMAA were transformed into alkyne groups respectively, a novel temperature and pH responsive hydrogel was fabricated by click chemistry between the azide‐P(MEO2MA‐co‐OEGMA‐co‐HMAM) and alkyne‐PMAA in the presence of CuSO4 and sodium ascorbate in aqueous solution. The rheological kinetics of gel formation demonstrated that gelation had commenced within 5 min at 25 °C, since then the storage modulus (G′) was higher than the loss modulus (G″). SEM images of hydrogel morphology and the swelling ratios of hydrogel at different temperatures and pH proved that the formed hydrogel had temperature and pH sensitivities. Bovine serum albumin was used as a model to evaluate the sustained release of the hydrogel; the results indicated that the hydrogel was a promising candidate for controlling protein drug delivery. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and phase behavior of a polynorbornene‐based molecular brush with dual “jacketing” effects
Authors: Qiao Yangyang , Ping Jing , Tian Haijian , Zhang Qikai , Zhou Sheng , Shen Zhihao , Zheng Shijun , Fan Xinghe 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, a series of well‐defined liquid crystalline molecular brushes with dual “jacketing” effects, polynorbornene‐g‐poly{2,5‐bis[(4‐methoxyhenyl)oxycarbonyl] styrene} (PNb‐g‐PMPCS), were synthesized by the “grafting through” method from ring opening metathesis polymerization of α‐norbornenyl‐terminated PMPCS. The rigid PMPCS side chain was synthesized by Cu(I)‐catalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization initiated by N‐[(2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropanoyl)ethyl]‐cis‐5‐norbornene‐exo‐2,3‐dicarboximide. The chemical structures of the molecular brushes were confirmed by 1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and the thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). GPC results reveal that the molecular brushes have relatively narrow polydispersities. TGA results show that the molecular brushes have excellent thermal stabilities. The PMPCS side chains in all the molecular brushes form the columnar nematic liquid crystalline phase, which is a little different from the behavior of linear PMPCS possibly due to the confinement or other effects of the brush architecture which leads to decreased order. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 2116–2123