bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement of medication adherence for desmopressin by adjusting the prescription dosage in male patients with overactive bladder: A claims database analysis
Authors: Tsubouchi Kazuna , Maeda Toshiki , Emoto Taiki , Aoyagi Chikao , Matsuoka Wataru , Yamazaki Fumihiro , Nakagawa Chizuru , Fukuhara Yuichiro , Tominaga Kosuke , Gunge Naotaka , Miyazaki Takeshi , Okabe Yu , Matsuzaki Hiroshi , Nakamura Nobuyuki , Arima Hisatomi , Haga Nobuhiro 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesDesmopressin is widely used for nocturia in patients with nocturnal polyuria. We investigated the continuation rate and adherence for desmopressin in patients with overactive bladder and nocturia using a claims database and evaluated factors that improved adherence.MethodsPatients with nocturia in a Japanese claims database who started desmopressin between September 2019 and July 2021 were evaluated. Drug persistence was assessed using the Kaplan–Meier method for initial prescription of desmopressin. The proportion of days covered (PDC) was also evaluated among patients with prescription persistence. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression analysis to identify factors predicting adherence to desmopressin.ResultsThe study included 72,888 patients entered into Japan Medical Data Center (JMDC) database between September 2019 and July 2021. For the 236 patients prescribed desmopressin formulations, mean prescription duration was 114 days. Among the total cases, 90 (38.1%) cases were prescribed only once, mean PDC was 0.60, and the number of high‐adherence patients (PDC ≥ 0.80) was 108 (45.8%). Desmopressin prescription doses were fixed in 216 patients and adjusted in 20 patients. Multivariate analysis identified prescription dose adjustment for desmopressin as significantly associated with high PDC.ConclusionDesmopressin showed a 38% dropout rate after the first dose. However, high medication continuation and high medication adherence rates (PDC) could be maintained with prescription adjustments. Careful patient monitoring and appropriate adjustment of the desmopressin dosage appear to be important factors in improving nocturia.
Dopamine production in neurotensin receptor 1 neurons is required for diet‐induced obesity and increased day eating on a high‐fat diet
Authors: Farahmand Firozeh , Sidikpramana Michael , Gomez Alyssa R. , Rivera Luis J. , Trzeciak Jacqueline R. , Sharif Sarah , Tang Qijun , Leinninger Gina M. , Güler Ali D. , Steele Andrew D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to determine a dopaminergic circuit required for diet‐induced obesity in mice.MethodsWe created conditional deletion mutants for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) using neurotensin receptor 1 (Ntsr1) Cre and other Cre drivers and measured feeding and body weight on standard and high‐fat diets. We then used an adeno‐associated virus to selectively restore TH to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) Ntsr1 neurons in conditional knockout (cKO) mice.ResultsMice with cKO of Th using Vglut2‐Cre, Cck‐Cre, Calb1‐Cre, and Bdnf‐Cre were susceptible to obesity on a high‐fat diet; however, Ntsr1‐Cre Th cKO mice resisted weight gain on a high‐fat diet and did not experience an increase in day eating unlike their wild‐type littermate controls. Restoration of TH to the VTA Ntsr1 neurons of the Ntsr1‐Cre Th cKO mice using an adeno‐associated virus resulted in an increase in weight gain and day eating on a high‐fat diet.ConclusionsNtsr1‐Cre Th cKO mice failed to increase day eating on a high‐fat diet, offering a possible explanation for their resistance to diet‐induced obesity. These results implicate VTA Ntsr1 dopamine neurons as promoting out‐of‐phase feeding behavior on a high‐fat diet that could be an important contributor to diet‐induced obesity in humans.
Cultural stewardship in urban spaces: Reviving Indigenous knowledge for the restoration of nature
Authors: Walker Erana , Jowett Tim , Whaanga Hēmi , Wehi Priscilla M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Relationships to nature are important for the health and well‐being of peoples globally and should be actively protected. Indigenous Māori people in Aotearoa New Zealand recognize this important relationship to nature through narratives of lineage and express this through concepts such as kaitiakitanga; a cultural place‐based practice of stewardship that intertwines relationships of responsibility between people, nature and culture. However, many Māori now live outside of tribal areas in urban settings, putting relationships with nature into question.

We asked how urban Māori people practice kaitiakitanga, and what factors might predict flourishing relationships with nature. We surveyed 214 urban Māori who shared their perceptions of kaitiakitanga, cultural practices and restoration activities. The data were analysed by identifying qualitative themes and using linear mixed effect models.

Māori who were exposed to kaitiakitanga as children were more likely to attend marae and family restoration activities, and less likely to attend events led by local councils. Pressingly, young people in urban areas were more at risk of losing cultural knowledge and opportunities to practice cultural practices in urban areas. Age, distance from tribal area and early exposure all affected decision‐making and expression of kaitiakitanga in urban areas.

Knowledge associated with kaitiakitanga can create inclusive and effective urban restoration activities. We suggest that partnership between Māori groups including local marae, and local councils, may provide accessible, best practice urban restoration models that attract local Māori and act to support cultural knowledge, in turn encouraging diverse pathways to nature restoration to develop in urban areas. Likewise, such partnerships will ensure that Māori in cities are supported to express and maintain cultural knowledge and practice into the future.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Informing parents of newborns with sickle cell trait detected at neonatal screening: A northern France experience
Authors: Freppel Malo , Mention Karine , Renom Gilles , Lambilliotte Anne , Barbati Mélissa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNeonatal screening for sickle cell disease (SCD) in France, targeted since 1995, indirectly detects newborns with sickle cell trait (SCT). Information about carrier status must be communicated to families in accordance with the 2006 National Consultative Ethics Committee recommendations; however, no national protocol for this exists. In the departments of Nord and Pas‐de‐Calais, the Regional Neonatal Screening Center transmits this information through a general practitioner (GP). This study aimed to assess the success rate of local practices in transmitting SCT information to parents. The secondary objectives included explaining transmission failures, evaluating post‐information couple screening rates, and conducting a nationwide evaluation of SCT information dissemination. In this retrospective, multicenter study, family doctors were surveyed regarding newborns screened for SCT between January 1 and December 31, 2020, in the Nord and Pas‐de‐Calais departments. Among the 260 screened newborns, 197 were eligible for analysis. Results showed that 31.2% of newborns with SCT had their GP definitively sharing information with their parents. Based on this information, subsequent parental screening accounted for 13.6% of cases. The reasons cited by the GP for failing to convey information included elusive families (52.5%), unfamiliarity or refusal of the role (35%), limited SCD knowledge (25%), and ethical considerations (12.5%). This study highlights the difficulty and heterogeneity in transmitting carrier status information to parents of newborns with SCT. Our findings could serve as a foundation for the development of new methods for information transmission, given the generalization of neonatal screening for SCD by the French National Authority for Health.
Factors associated with pulmonary function decline of patients in the cystic fibrosis registry of Turkey: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Emiralioğlu Nagehan , Çakır Banu , Sertçelik Ahmet , Yalçın Ebru , Kiper Nural , Şen Velat , Altıntaş Derya Ufuk , Serbes Mahir , Çokuğraş Haluk , Kılınç Ayşe Ayzıt , Başkan Azer Kılıç , Hepkaya Evrim , Yazan Hakan , Türel Özden , Kafi Hale Molla , Yılmaz Aslı İmran , Ünal Gökçen , Çağlar Tuğçe , Damadoğlu Ebru , Irmak İlim , Demir Esen , Öztürk Gökçen , Bingöl Ayşen , Başaran Erdem , Sapan Nihat , Aslan Ayşe Tana , Asfuroğlu Pelin , Harmancı Koray , Köse Mehmet , Hangül Melih , Özdemir Ali , Tuğcu Gökçen , Polat Sanem Eryılmaz , Özcan Gizem , Gayretli Zeynep Gökçe , Keskin Özlem , Bilgiç Sevgi , Yüksel Hasan , Özdoğan Şebnem , Topal Erdem , Çaltepe Gönül , Can Demet , Ekren Pervin Korkmaz , Kılıç Mehmet , Süleyman Ayşe , Eyüboğlu Tuğba Şişmanlar , Cinel Güzin , Pekcan Sevgi , Çobanoğlu Nazan , Çakır Erkan , Özçelik Uğur , Doğru Deniz 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe decline in pulmonary function is a predictor of disease progression in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). This study aimed to determine the decline rate of percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppFEV1) based on the data of the CF Registry of Turkey. The secondary aim was to investigate the risk factors related to the decline in ppFEV1.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of CF patients over 6 years old, with pulmonary function data over at least 2 years of follow‐up was extracted from the national CF registry for years 2017–2019. Patients were classified according to disease severity and age groups. Multivariate analysis was used to predict the decline in ppFEV1 and to investigate the associated risk factors.ResultsA total of 1722 pulmonary function test results were available from 574 patients over the study period. Mean diagnostic age was older and weight for age, height for age, and body mass index z scores were significantly lower in the group of ppFEV1 < 40, while chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (p < .001) and mucoid P. aeruginosa colonization (p < .001) were significantly higher in this group (p < .001). Overall mean annual ppFEV1 decline was −0.97% (95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.02 to −1.92%). The mean change of ppFEV1 was significantly higher in the group with ppFEV1 ≥ 70 compared with the other (ppFEV1 < 40 and ppFEV1: 40–69) two groups (p = .004). Chronic P. aeruginosa colonization (odds ratio [OR] = 1.79 95% CI = 1.26–2.54; p = .01) and initial ppFEV1 ≥ 70 (OR = 2.98 95% CI = 1.06‐8.36), p = .038) were associated with significant ppFEV1 decline in the whole cohort.ConclusionsThis data analysis recommends close follow‐up of patients with normal initial ppFEV1 levels at baseline; advocates for early interventions for P. aeruginosa; and underlines the importance of nutritional interventions to slow down lung disease progression.
EFG‐CS: Predicting chemical shifts from amino acid sequences with protein structure prediction using machine learning and deep learning models
Authors: Gu Xiaotong , Myung Yoochan , Rodrigues Carlos H. M. , Ascher David B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) crystallography is one of the main methods in structural biology for analyzing protein stereochemistry and structure. The chemical shift of the resonance frequency reflects the effect of the protons in a molecule producing distinct NMR signals in different chemical environments. Apprehending chemical shifts from NMR signals can be challenging since having an NMR structure does not necessarily provide all the required chemical shift information, making predictive models essential for accurately deducing chemical shifts, either from protein structures or, more ideally, directly from amino acid sequences. Here, we present EFG‐CS, a web server that specializes in chemical shift prediction. EFG‐CS employs a machine learning‐based transfer prediction model for backbone atom chemical shift prediction, using ESMFold‐predicted protein structures. Additionally, ESG‐CS incorporates a graph neural network‐based model to provide comprehensive side‐chain atom chemical shift predictions. Our method demonstrated reliable performance in backbone atom prediction, achieving comparable accuracy levels with root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.30 ppm for H, 0.22 ppm for Hα, 0.89 ppm for C, 0.89 ppm for Cα, 0.84 ppm for Cβ, and 1.69 ppm for N. Moreover, our approach also showed predictive capabilities in side‐chain atom chemical shift prediction achieving RMSE values of 0.71 ppm for Hβ, 0.74–1.15 ppm for Hδ, and 0.58–0.94 ppm for Hγ, solely utilizing amino acid sequences without homology or feature curation. This work shows for the first time that generative AI protein models can predict NMR shifts nearly comparable to experimental models. This web server is freely available at https://biosig.lab.uq.edu.au/efg_cs, and the chemical shift prediction results can be downloaded in tabular format and visualized in 3D format.
DrugDomain: The evolutionary context of drugs and small molecules bound to domains
Authors: Medvedev Kirill E. , Schaeffer R. Dustin , Grishin Nick V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInteractions between proteins and small organic compounds play a crucial role in regulating protein functions. These interactions can modulate various aspects of protein behavior, including enzymatic activity, signaling cascades, and structural stability. By binding to specific sites on proteins, small organic compounds can induce conformational changes, alter protein–protein interactions, or directly affect catalytic activity. Therefore, many drugs available on the market today are small molecules (72% of all approved drugs in the last 5 years). Proteins are composed of one or more domains: evolutionary units that convey function or fitness either singly or in concert with others. Understanding which domain(s) of the target protein binds to a drug can lead to additional opportunities for discovering novel targets. The evolutionary classification of protein domains (ECOD) classifies domains into an evolutionary hierarchy that focuses on distant homology. Previously, no structure‐based protein domain classification existed that included information about both the interaction between small molecules or drugs and the structural domains of a target protein. This data is especially important for multidomain proteins and large complexes. Here, we present the DrugDomain database that reports the interaction between ECOD of human target proteins and DrugBank molecules and drugs. The pilot version of DrugDomain describes the interaction of 5160 DrugBank molecules associated with 2573 human proteins. It describes domains for all experimentally determined structures of these proteins and incorporates AlphaFold models when such structures are unavailable. The DrugDomain database is available online: http://prodata.swmed.edu/DrugDomain/.
Exploring the impacts of COVID‐19 on births in Italy, 2020−2022
Authors: Dalla‐Zuanna Gianpiero , Di‐Fonzo Tommaso , Girolimetto Daniele , Loghi Marzia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDuring the different phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic, conception trends in developed countries varied in profoundly different ways. Scholars have proposed a variety of explanations for these differences, often related to the particular socioeconomic context and social groups of a given nation, highlighting the need for country‐specific, in‐depth analyses. Italy was one of the countries where the number of conceptions resulting in a birth significantly decreased during the first wave of COVID‐19 (March‐May 2020) and again during April‐August 2021. Italy also stands out for its great internal diversity, especially in the first wave of the pandemic. As individual data are not available, fully analysing all the possible causes of the variations in conceptions that occurred in Italy during the pandemic is not possible. However, using national monthly series on deaths, births, and induced abortions by age of mother, contraceptives' sales, and monthly data on births and deaths in the 107 provinces, we explore some Italian peculiarities. We speculate about the plausibility of some interpretations of the monthly fluctuations in conceptions and contraceptive sales, in particular on the effect of the forced separation between noncohabiting partners during the different types of lockdown and on the uncertainty that may have affected couples in the areas hardest hit by Covid‐19 and during the first part of 2021.
Evaluating synthetic aperture radar surface winds for convective squalls in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: La Tran Vu , Messager Christophe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe detection and quantification of strong sea surface winds, reaching up to 25 m·s−1, whether associated with deep convection aloft or not, have been extensively discussed in previous studies. This method involves the combined observation of the same event from both low‐orbit altitude and geostationary (GEO) satellites. Strong surface winds observed by the Sentinel‐1 C‐band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are robustly associated with deep convective clouds detected by GEO infrared sensors. The current paper aims to generalize the previous assessment of several convective wind events by collecting a larger dataset and comparing these data to in‐situ wind observations. To achieve this, we evaluated wind speeds retrieved from Sentinel‐1 SAR images against corresponding in‐situ wind measurements from all active buoys/stations in the Gulf of Mexico. Significant agreement between satellite‐based winds and in‐situ data was achieved, particularly for wind speeds exceeding 3 m·s−1, with even better agreement for wind speeds over 10 m·s−1. From this dataset, three specific convective cases were extracted to illustrate various stages of convective squall events: before, during, and after the occurrence of a squall peak. In each case, comparison with in‐situ measurements showed that SAR‐estimated wind speeds closely matched observed speeds, including the peak convective winds, which were estimated at 18.90 m·s−1 and measured at 20.69 m·s−1. Furthermore, combining these findings with GOES‐16 sequential images illustrates the temporal and spatial similarity between deep convection areas, estimated strong sea surface wind patterns, and measured wind speeds.
Life in Lab: Chemically Fueled Systems Chemistry for Emergent Properties
Authors: Koppayithodi Sudeep , Ranasingh Prerna , Singh Nishant 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the emergence of complex properties in dissipative non‐equilibrium systems is crucial for unraveling the mysteries of life processes. The review focuses on the documented research on chemically fueled autonomous systems, self‐sorting towards compartmentalization, self‐replication via autocatalysis, and rhythmic chemical oscillators. In addition to that, the review also discusses newly introduced reactions and dynamic combinatorial libraries in dissipative systems.
Conformation‐associated health in pet rabbits in the UK: A VetCompass cohort study
Authors: O'Neill Dan G. , Williams Abbie , Brodbelt Dave C. , Church David B. , Hedley Joanna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundDomestic rabbit breeds vary substantially from the wild rabbit body type. However, little is known about how the conformation of pet rabbits influences their health.MethodsData were extracted from VetCompass anonymised clinical records of rabbits under UK primary veterinary care during 2019.ResultsThe study included 162,107 rabbits. Based on 88,693 rabbits with relevant breed information recorded, skull shape was classified as brachycephalic (79.69%), mesaticephalic (16.80%) and dolichocephalic (3.51%). Based on 83,821 rabbits with relevant breed information recorded, ear carriage was classified as lop‐eared (57.05%) and erect‐eared (42.95%). From a random sample of 3933 rabbits, the most prevalent disorders recorded overall were overgrown nail(s) (28.19%), overgrown molar(s) (14.90%) and obesity (8.82%). Compared to those with a mesaticephalic skull shape, brachycephalic rabbits had lower odds of obesity, anorexia and gastrointestinal stasis and higher odds of perineal faecal impaction, tear duct abnormality and haircoat disorder. Compared to erect‐eared rabbits, lop‐eared rabbits had higher odds of perineal faecal impaction and tear duct abnormality.LimitationA large proportion of records with incomplete breed information hindered full analysis for breed‐related and conformation‐related attributes.ConclusionLimited evidence for major links between skull shape or ear carriage conformations and overall disorder risk suggests that factors such as husbandry or even just living life as a domesticated species may be bigger drivers of common health issues in pet rabbits in the UK.
The Evolution of Responsible Sourcing
Authors: Farooki Masuma 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores the evolution of responsible sourcing in mineral supply chains, given the precedence of negative environmental, social, and economic rights that have been part of our global extractive history. It tracks the evolution of concepts of sustainability from a siloed approach to the trade-offs involved in weak and strong sustainability approaches. The chapter introduces the RE-SOURCING Project’s definition of Responsible Sourcing, based on four years of research and consultations. Taking a rights-based approach, it addresses the responsibilities of duty-bearers to the rights-holders. The definition reflects the societal need to change behaviours within mineral supply chains, requiring a halt to negative impacts but also stressing the need to create positive outcomes from operations. The challenges within environmental, social, economic, and governance landscapes are outlined, and the efforts to address these challenges are summarised. The chapter sets out the analytical framework, explored in greater depth in other chapters, addressing how the need to secure a sustainable future translated into a need for changing codes of behaviour in governance, supply chains, financial valuation, and engineering and production methods. A host of guidelines, standards, and legislation have pushed for changes in how the private and public sectors operate, contributing to securing a sustainable future.
Changing Behaviours: Responsible Sourcing by Companies
Authors: Farooki Masuma , Degreif Stefanie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBased on case-studies, this chapter summarises good practices and approaches undertaken by firms in undertaking responsible sourcing operations. Major themes discussed included taking ownership of corporate sustainability policies, where internal drivers and decision-making were key ingredients in changing corporate practices. Firms benefitted from external, robust and sustainability standards, incorporating them into their own management practices and encouraging/facilitating their suppliers to follow suit. Other firms explored and executed sustainability-based business models, from developing Life Cycle Assessment approaches to designing products for longevity to decreasing mineral resource use over the long term. Lead firms, with multiple supplier tiers, have strengthened oversight and governance of their supply chains by using independent third-parties to determine and improve responsible sourcing practices within their supply chains and by coming together to develop assessment mechanisms to monitor and report responsible sourcing performance amongst their shared suppliers. One key approach has been encouraging assessments as a diagnostic tool to improve performance and not as a pass/fail audit approach. The chapter outlines the performance of leading firms, while noting that while different companies are moving at different paces in addressing sustainability impacts, the general trend shows increased observance of responsible sourcing behaviours.