bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Yield of Same Setting Oesophago-Gastro-Duodenoscopy (OGD)and Colonoscopy for Pediatric Patients with Chronic Diarrhea
Authors: El-Hodhod Mostafa Abdel-Aziz , Aziz Ghazal Faten Abdel , Hamdy Ahmed Mohamed , Mohsen Yosra Mohamed , Abbas Saleh Ghada Saleh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
In patients with unexplained chronic diarrhea colonoscopy and upper GI endoscopy are helpful in the diagnosis. It is the routine practice in Ain Shams University pediatric endoscopy unit to perform both procedures at same setting for patients with unexplained chronic diarrhea.

Aim of the Work
To find out whether doing Oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD) and colonoscopy in patients with chronic diarrhea in one setting is essential for the diagnosis of all cases.

Patients and Methods
Fifty patients presenting with chronic unexplained diarrhea (&gt;4 weeks duration) in Paediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Children’s Hospital, Ain-Shams University were enrolled. After full history taking, physical examination, both endoscopies were performed biopsy taken and histopathological recording for each sample.

Results
Of 50 patients with chronic diarrhea included in our study; 23 (46%) had positive endoscopic findings in the OGD. Most common findings in esophagus and stomach were inflammation and erythema. while most common findings in duodenum were edema and flattened mucosa. Colonoscopy findings were positive in 50% of patients including inflammation, nodularity, and edema mostly in the ileum. 50% of endoscopied patients reached final diagnosis based on endoscopy and histopathology. Definitive diagnosis reached through EGD alone in (12%) of cases, through colonoscopy alone in (28%) and through both techniques in (60%). There was no statistical significant agreement between endoscopy findings and predominant gastrointestinal manifestations including different types of diarrhea, fecal calprotectin with p-value =0.150, and 0.833 respectively. There was no statistical significant agreement between final diagnosis and suspected GIT part involvement on initial clinical evaluation with p- value=0.805.

Conclusion
Endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal tract and colonoscopy at same day may be helpful in diagnosis of cases with chronic diarrhea as we can't decide which one to perform based on clinical presentation.
Developmental Outcomes of Traumatic Brain Injury in Infants and Children: A Prospective Study
Authors: Deif-Allah Shaymaa A , Abdel Ghany Walid A , Abdelaziz Esmail K , Elmikaty Hani A , Abdel Raouf Batoul M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children is a significant health burden worldwide. Children aged 0 to 4 years have the highest incidence of TBI among the non-elderly. These children suffer from long term neurological deficits that compromise their quality of life and daily living activities.

Objective
To determine the developmental outcomes of infants and children with TBI.

Subjects and Methods
A prospective descriptive study on infants and children with TBI was conducted. Developmental outcomes by Age and Stage Questionnaire 3rd edition (ASQ-3) was assessed twice; once at hospital discharge and another time 3 months later. Further, Bayley scales of infants and toddlers’ development III was assessed only once in the second visit. Results at discharge and follow up were compared and correlated.

Results
Eighty -five patients were included in the study with 63.5% were males and the median age was 24(12-34) months, range (1- 42 months). There were statistically significant difference between ASQ-3 at discharge and follow up which was higher at follow up than at discharge indicating better developmental outcomes(P &lt; 0.001 for all aspects). Comparison between ASQ-3 (problem solving) and Bayley Scale (cognitive) at follow up shows that there was no statistically significant difference between them with kappa agreement and 95% CI of 0.527 (0.218–0.837). Also, comparison between ASQ-3 (motor) at follow-up and Bayley Scale (motor)at follow up shows that there was no statistically significant difference between them with kappa agreement and 95% CI of 0.285 (0.001 - 0.569). Also, comparison between ASQ-3 (communication) and Bayley Scale (language) at follow up shows that there was no statistically significant difference between them with kappa agreement and 95% CI 0.501 (0.235 - 0.766). this means that both tests were comparable

Conclusions
ASQ-3 can be used as a screening tool for infants and children after TBI before referral to Bayley scale. Developmental milestones improved at follow up in most infants and children after TBI.
Bee Honey as an Adjuvant Therapeutic Modality for Children with Functional Dyspepsia
Authors: Abdulrhman Mamdouh Abdulmaksoud , Mohsen Awad Yosra Mohamed , Eid Sayed Amna Ali 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a constellation of diverse gastrointestinal disturbing symptoms with multifactorial feature, that are not attributable to organic causes after proper medical assessment. Treatment options are unsatisfactory due to the lack of identifiable pathophysiology as well as the pharmacological therapy are less effective, so using an additional reliable non- pharmacological therapy would be promising. Bee honey has been used as a complementary and alternative medicine for its several benefits in different health aspects.

Objective
To assess the effect of bee honey as an adjuvant therapy among children with functional dyspepsia.

Patients and Methods
In this randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT) 30 patients aged (8-18) years old according to Rome IV criteria from Gastroenterology Clinic in Children’s Hospital, Ain Shams University, Egypt. Patients were randomly allocated into 2 groups; both groups received proton pump inhibitor (PPI) for 4 weeks and the intervention group received honey in addition. Both groups were re-assessed after this period. All patients were subjected to thorough history taking, physical examination and follow-up assessment which was done every week during the study period. Assessment of the severity of dyspepsia was done by using "Modified Glasgow Dyspepsia Severity Score" (MGDS) score.

Results
There were no significant differences in the baseline sociodemographic characteristics and total scores at the beginning of the study among both groups(p &gt; 0.05). A significant beneficial effect of honey combined with PPI in improvement of FD and decrease severity of symptoms in intervention group which was evident from significant decreases in total score interpretation (P &lt; 0.05). There was statistically significant difference between both groups as regards to the percentage of improvement, where the patients who received honey showed a higher percentage of cure rate (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
Honey supplementation combined with PPI could be used as a novel therapeutic modality in children with functional dyspepsia with high cure rate.
Efficacy and Safety of Resveratrol in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: El-Asrar Mohamed Abo , Rahman Ismail Eman Abdel , Salah Nouran Yousef , Abd Elhamid Noha Mahmoud 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Resveratrol is a food component found in grapes, peanuts, cranberries.. It has a wide range of effects including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Resveratrol could ameliorate diabetes in diabetic animals and it showed beneficial effects in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

Objectives
This randomized-controlled trial assessed the efficacy and safety of oral resveratrol supplementation on glycemic control and lipid profile in pediatric patients with T1DM.

Methods
This study included 60 children and adolescents with T1DM. Enrolled patients aged 12- 18 years with disease duration &gt; 5 years. Patients were randomly assigned into two groups; intervention group who received oral resveratrol tablets 250 mg twice daily. The other group (did not receive any supplementation and served as a control group. Both groups were followed-up for 6 months with assessment of fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c% and fasting lipid profile.

Results
After 6 months, resveratrol therapy resulted in a significant decrease of FBG, HbA1c, triglycerides and total cholesterol compared with baseline levels and compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.001). No significant difference was found between Patients with T1DM without resveratrol adjuvant therapy at baseline and at 6 months as regards any of the studied variables except for triglycerides and total cholesterol which were significantly increased at study end.

Conclusions
Resveratrol as an adjuvant therapy to insulin improved blood glucose levels, glycemic control and dyslipidemia without adverse effects in pediatric patients with T1DM.
Non-Invasive High Frequency Oscillatory Ventilation versus Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Preterm Neonates With Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Gad Ghada Ibrahim , Salama Asmaa Ahmed , Amin Ibrahim Mariam John 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the main cause of respiratory failure in preterm neonates, its incidence varies from 80% to 25% depending on gestational age. When optimal prenatal care is provided, the best approach to treat RDS, according to several recent trials, consists of providing continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) from the first minutes of life using short binasal prongs or masks, followed by early selective surfactant administration for babies with worsening oxygenation and/or increasing work of breathing. Any effort must be done to minimize the time under invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Non-invasive high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (nHFOV) is a new mode of non-invasive ventilation that connects non-invasive circuits to high-frequency ventilators, through which gas exchange is achieved by the superposition of high-frequency oscillation over continuous positive flow. Compared with other non-invasive ventilation modes, nHFOV combines the advantages of nCPAP and high-frequency ventilation, making it more effective at maintaining alveolar stability, eliminating CO2, and limiting barotrauma.

Objective
To investigate the effectiveness of nasal high frequency oscillatory ventilation in comparison to nCPAP as a primary mode of respiratory support in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome.

Methods
This randomized controlled trial that was conducted on 90 neonates diagnosed with RDS at the Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs), Ain Shams University Hospitals throughout six months.

Results
In the current study, there was a significant decrease in FiO2 needs in nHFOV group vs. nCPAP group, the median (IQR) (30% (21 to 37) vs. 31% (30 to 40) respectively, P-value=0.030), but non significant difference in RDS according to total Silverman score in nHFOV group vs. nCPAP group with median (IQR) total Silverman score (4 (4 to 5)vs. 4 (3 to 6) respectively, P-value= 0.474).

Conclusion
Using nHFOV is better than nCPAP in decreasing the need of FiO2.
Frequency of Wheezing Among Preschool Children Presenting to the Emergency Department: Single Centre Study
Authors: El-Owaidy Rasha H , Ali Ahmed A , Shousha Ghada A , El-Sayed Zeinab A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Preschool wheeze (PSW) is a serious clinical problem which, while typically mild, can present within a wide spectrum of severity and is associated with considerable healthcare costs. Therefore, we were motivated to investigate the frequency rate of PSW among the children presenting to emergency department (ED) of a primary care General Pediatric Hospital, ni Suez, Egypt, over a period of one year.

Patients and Methods
A Cross sectional study was conducted from May 2019 to April 2020 in the ED of Suez General Hospital. Patients aged from 1 to 5 years, presenting with preschool wheezes were recruited with detailed description of the episodes concerning severity on presentation, seasonal variations and response to treatment.

Results
Out of 3720 infants and children presenting to the ER over the study period, 302 (8.1%) patients had SW, 187(61.9%) males and 115 (38.1%) females with mean age of 2.65 ‡ 1.21 years. Over the study period, frequency of PSW presentation was more during winter (38.5%) and fall (28.1%). Around 33 % of PSW patients had associated allergic rhinitis (32.8%), while family history of allergy was positive in 29.1%. Flare ups severity was determined at time of enrollment and showed that 60.9% were mild, 30.5% moderate, 7% severe and 1.7% were life threatening exacerbations.

Conclusion
PSW is common among Egyptian children with frequency approaching international numbers. Wider scale longitudinal studies are needed to estimate the frequency and severity of PSW and the risk of future asthma.
Comparison of Oral Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Raising Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Status in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Elsedfy Heba Hassan , Hassan Nawar Marwa Magdy , Ali Sohair Abdelbaset , Ahmed Mahmoud Rana Abd Elhakim 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
there is a controversy regarding the effect of vitamin D2 and D3 in elevating and sustaining 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in pediatric patients. It has been suggested that vitamin D3 may be superior to vitamin D2 in raising and sustaining adequate 25(OH)D values. Aim: To study the difference between the effect of enteral vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 administration in raising and maintaining serum 25(OH)D in pediatric patients.

Methods
Randomized controlled clinical trial, conducted in Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt, where 60 participants who had vitamin D deficiency were recruited. Subjects were divided into two groups, 30 patients per group (group A received 2400 IU of oral vitamin D2 daily and group B received 2400 IU of oral vitamin D3 daily). History of sun exposure and dietary intake of calcium, assessment of anthropometric measures and Tanner staging, laboratory investigations were documented. Follow up of serum level of 25(OH)D was done every month for three consecutive months.

Results
Oral vitamin D3 supplementation in group B patients resulted in significantly higher increments in 25(OH)D levels than that achieved by oral vitamin D2 supplementation in group A after 2nd, and 3rd months of the supplementation (P=0.000). Vitamin D3 supplementation resulted in a significantly greater increment in serum 25(OH)D levels from 1st to 2nd month and from 1st to 3rd month than Vitamin D2 supplementation (P=0.000). All participants in group B (100%) who received vitamin D3 reached sufficient levels (≥ 30 ng/ml) after 2 months while 76.7% of participants in group A who received vitamin D2 reached sufficient levels after 2 months and 23.3% of participants after 3 months (P= 0.017).

Conclusion
Oral vitamin D3 supplementation was more effective in raising serum 25(OH)D status in pediatric patients than oral vitamin D2 supplementation.
COVID-19 Infection in a Group of Egyptian Children with Bronchial Asthma: A Single Center Study
Authors: Harb Waleed N , Shousha Ghada A , El-Owaidy Rasha H , El-Sayed Zeineb A 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Impact of asthma on COVID-19 severity and outcome in infants is not well investigated. Therefore, we sought to assess the presentation, severity and outcome of COVID-19 infection in a group of Egyptian asthmatic children.

Patients and Methods
We conducted an observational follow up study on 30 asthmatic children with probable/confirmed COVID-19, aged 6-10 years, who were enrolled consecutively from the Emergency department and Isolation Ward, Children`s Hospital, Ain Shams University, Egypt. COVID-19 clinical manifestations, severity and outcome were studied.

Results
The median age of the children was 9 years (IQR: 6-18 years). Out of the 30 studied patients, we had 9 boys and 21 girls. COVID-19 was asymptomatic in 2/30 (6.7%), mild in 20/30 (66.7%), and severe in 8/30 (26.7%). Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 included constitutional (22,73.3%), respiratory (21, 70%), gastrointestinal (7, 23%), cardio- vascular (5, 16.7%), and dermatological (1, 3.3%) manifestations. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-c) was diagnosed in only one patient. Chest X-ray abnormalities were found in (36.7%). The median duration of hospital stay was 10 days, Complete resolution was the final outcome of all patients.

Conclusion
Asthma does not represent a risk of severe COVID-19 or poor outcome and COVID-19 course, and the outcome in asthmatic children is similar to the general pediatric population. However, our study is limited by the small sample size and short duration of follow-up. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the exact impact of different SARS-CoV-2 variants with respect to asthma phenotypes and asthma biological treatments and allergen immunotherapies in children.
Effects of Memantine on Cognitive Flexibility in a Valproic Acid Rat Model of Autism
Authors: Zohny Sohir M , Habib Mohamed Z , Mohamad Magda I , Elayat Wael M , Elhossiny Reham M , Abd El-salam Mohamed F , Hassan Ghada A M , Aboul-Fotouh Sawsan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Autistic children frequently struggle with cognitive flexibility. The potential molecular mechanism underlying cognitive inflexibility remains unclear. Decreased level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which plays a vital role in neural development and synaptic plasticity may have a role. This study aimed to investigate the effects of memantine on (BDNF) expression in hippocampus of prenatal VPA exposed rats, and its consequent effects on cognitive flexibility.
Pregnant female rats received a single intraperitoneal injection of VPA (600 mg/kg) on gestational day 12.5 to induce autistic-like behaviors in their offspring. Afterwards, the 23-day-old male Wistar rat pups received daily intraperitoneal injections of memantine (20 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The prenatal VPA-exposed rats exhibited reduced cognitive flexibility in the attentional set- shifting task (ASST) reflecting ASD-associated cognitive flexibility deficits, a common ASD- associated problem with accompanied reduction in hippocampal BDNF. The defective performance in ASST was more prominent in the reversal stages. Memantine associated increased hippocampal BDNF could alleviate cognitive inflexibility in ASD. This study draws attention to the potential favorable effect of memantine on cognitive performance in autistic subjects.
Evaluation of Serum Procalcitonin as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Sepsis in Major Burn Patients: A Prospective Study
Authors: Mohammed Salah Nasser , Ghanem Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen , Abd ElHalim Mohamed Mamdouh , Fekry Mohamed Fathy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Sepsis in burns worsens the patient’s prognosis and increases the risk of organ failure and death. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), which is a direct response to sepsis is the main reason for death in burn patients. Identifying early sepsis is very important, given that every 6 h delay in the diagnosis of sepsis reduces survival by 10%. Complexity in diagnosing sepsis in the burn is due to the systemic response to the burn itself clinically simulating sepsis.

Aim of the Work
The aim of this study is: To investigate the diagnostic validity of PCT in burn sepsis as an early diagnostic tool and to identify its prognostic value in major burn patients with sepsis.

Patients and Methods
The study was a prospective study carried out in the Burn Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Ain Shams University Hospitals on 30 patients that were admitted from October 2021 to April 2022 with major burn (more than 20% of TBSA) were included and the Local Ethics Committee approved the study, and informed consent was obtained from all participants or their guardians.

Results
It had been revealed that the first 3 samples have no significant increase in PCT levels in relation to sepsis. However, the following 2 samples which had been withdrawn on day 5 show a significant increase in PCT levels, and these on day 7 on admission are highly significant with a median (IQR) range of 9 ng/dl and median (IQR) range of 13.2 ng/dl respectively. Moreover, it had been noted that the PCT level on admission was significant for the prognosis of death with a median (IQR) range of 1.65 ng/dl while in survivor patients the median was 0.45 ng/dl.

Conclusion
Our study demonstrated that PCT level in major burn patients is a promising diagnostic biomarker in detecting sepsis that could facilitate ideal management and initiate proper antimicrobial therapy and good prognostic value as an early predictor of mortality.
Satisfaction and Comfortability of the International Non-Arab Students at Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University in Their Accommodation Place: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Ali Yomna Ayman Ali , Hussein Abdullah Rasha Saad , Manzour Ayat Farouk , Mustafa Nayera Samy 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The growing international educational marketplace attracts students from all over the world. These students bring economic benefits to the host countries and their cultures and languages. However, international students face challenges and have needs and expectations when studying abroad. Comfortability in their accommodation whether it is in official dorms or private places among one of the most concerning challenges.

Objectives
To measure international non-Arab students’ satisfaction and comfortability level in their accommodation place, and to identify the effect of gender and place of accommodation on the satisfaction and comfortability level of students.

Methods
A cross sectional study with a total of 119 international non-Arab students were included in the study (42% males, and 58% females), Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire including questions about age, gender, place of accommodation, satisfaction, and comfortability in the accommodation place.

Results
The mean age of the sample was (19.46 ± 2.02), and 58% of them were females. Most of the study participants lived in rented apartments (53.80%). The mean of the comfortability in the accommodation place was (32.08 ± 6.80). 46 % of the study participants had moderate comfortability in their accommodation. Satisfaction and comfortability in the accommodation place was associated with the gender of the students and the accommodation group (official dorms and private places), P values were 0.032, and 0.002, respectively.

Conclusion and Recommendation
The satisfaction and comfortability of the international students in the official dorms are lower than in the private places, and this needs more institutional support to improve the students’ experience.