bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of behaviour of aluminium oxide nanoparticles suspended in SAE20W40 oil under extreme pressure lubrication
Authors: Thakre Avinash A. , Thakur Animesh 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to include investigation on extreme pressure lubrication behaviour of Al2O3 nanoparticles suspended in SAE20W40 lubricating oil. Effects of nanoparticles size (40-80 nm) and its concentration (0-1 per cent) on the coefficient of friction is studied using pin-on-disc tribotester.

Design/methodology/approach
– Taguchi technique is used to optimize the process parameters for lower coefficient of friction. L18 orthogonal array involving six levels for one factor and three levels for remaining three factors is selected for the experimentation. The parameters selected for the study are sliding speed, normal load, nanoparticles size and its concentration in base oil.

Findings
– It has been found that the presence of nanoparticles in proper concentration shows excellent tribological improvement in frictional characteristics compared to the base oil. The optimal combination of the parameters for minimum coefficient of friction is found to be 0.8 per cent concentration of 60 nm sized Al2O3 nanoparticles, 1,200 rpm sliding speed and 160 N of normal load. The mechanism of friction reduction in presence of nanoparticles is investigated using scanning electron microscopy.

Originality/value
– This is the original work.
Innovative technique of measuring follower rotation in real production engine using Gradiometer sensor and the effect of friction modifier
Authors: Mufti Riaz Ahmad , Zahid Rehan , Qureshi Farrukh , Aslam Jawad 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to understand the effect of engine operating conditions and lubricant friction modifier on direct acting tappet rotation. In this research work, novel method of measuring engine tappet rotation speed has been developed. The technique is so novel. It allows the measurement on real production engine with no modification to the engine tappet bore. Also, In this paper, the effect of engine operating conditions and the effectiveness of friction modifier on tappet rotation is reported.

Design/methodology/approach
– For the very first time, for the purpose of measuring follower rotation in a real production engine, a 4 × 6 mm2 electronic chip called Gradiometer is mounted outside the tappet housing, allowing the monitoring of tappet rotation speed without the need to machine a hole in the tappet bore. This novel technique is adopted on Mercedes Benz OM464 engine to study the effect of engine conditions and lubricant chemistry on tappet performance.

Findings
– The main outcome of this research work is the development of novel method of measuring tappet rotation. Also, during the experiments, it was revealed that although friction modifiers help in reducing friction at the cam/tappet interface, they can also adversely affect the tappet rotation speed.

Originality/value
– The novel technique developed in the research work is one of the most cost effective and simple to use. Researches can adopt the technique to study the tribological performance of direct acting tappet on real production engine. Researches acknowledge the effectiveness of friction modifiers in valve train but its effect on rotation which plays a key role in the component durability has not been the focus of most of the researches mainly due to lack of effective techniques.
Wear behavior of Fe-Cr-B alloys under dry sliding condition
Authors: Cui Gongjun , Wei Jin , Wu Gongxiong 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to prepare new Fe-Cr-B alloys which have better wear resistance and investigate the wear mechanisms of these alloys tribotesting against SiC ceramic balls under dry sliding process.

Design/methodology/approach
– Fe-Cr matrix alloys were fabricated using powder metallurgy route. The tribological behaviors of Fe-Cr alloys tribotesting against SiC ceramic balls using a ball-on-disc tribotester were studied at different testing conditions. Meanwhile, microstructure, phases and morphology of worn surfaces were investigated.

Findings
– The element boron improved mechanical properties and tribological behavior of alloys. The friction coefficients of Fe-Cr matrix alloys did not show obvious difference. The specific wear rates of alloys decreased and then increased because of the brittleness of alloys with the increase of boron content. Fe-21 weight per cent Cr-7 weight per cent B alloy showed the best tribological properties in dry sliding. The wear mechanism of Fe-Cr alloy was plastic deformation and abrasive wear. However, the Fe-Cr-B alloys showed fatigue spalling characteristics.

Originality/value
– This paper reported a new, cheap and wear-resistant Fe matrix material to prepare mechanical parts in food and mining industrial fields.
Parametric design of surface textures on journal bearing
Authors: Zhang Hui , Dong Guangneng , Hua Meng , Guo Feifei , Chin Kwai Sang 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The main purpose of this paper is to understand and model the hydrodynamic influence of surface textures on journal bearings.

Design/methodology/approach
– In the model, a rectangular array of circle dimples is used to modify the film thickness expression. In full film and cavitation regions, classical Reynolds equation and Reynolds boundary condition are used as the governing equations, respectively. By setting high load bearing capacity as the main optimal goal, the influence of textures on tribological characteristics is studied to get the optimal distribution and parameters of textures.

Findings
– The results suggest that the load bearing capacity of a journal bearing may be improved through appropriate arrangement of textures partially covering its sleeve. The reduction of the cavitation area may also be achieved by arranging the textures in divergent region. With a high density distribution of textures which have step depths varying linearly along the circumferential direction of the bearing, the load bearing capacity enhancement seems to give good performance. Comparing with smooth bearing, the load bearing capacity enhancement of such textures is about 56.1 per cent, although the influence of texture diameters for the same area density seems insignificant.

Originality/value
– The paper shows how surface textures can be designed on journal bearing to improve its tribological performances.
Studies on the effect of minor addition of phosphorous on microstructure, mechanical and wear behavior of LM-28 alloy
Authors: Ganiger Basavaraj Mallappa , Tumbigeri Mata Chandrashekharaiah , Manohara H R , Prasad T B 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The main purpose of the research paper is to study the effect of refinement of primary silicon on sliding wear behavior of commercially available LM-28 alloy and correlate these with the micro-structural and mechanical properties. It is well known that the refinement of primary silicon increases the toughness, ultimate tensile stress (UTS) and wear resistance of the Al-Si alloys at ambient temperature. But exact addition level is not clearly mentioned in the paper; hence, the present paper throws light on the addition level for refinement of primary silicon present in LM-28 alloy.

Design/methodology/approach
– In the present paper, commercially available LM-28 alloy was prepared in the laboratory before and after the addition of Cu-P master alloy. Further wear studies will be carried out at room temperature. Wear properties are correlated with microstructure and mechanical properties.

Findings
– Improvements in mechanical properties were observed after refinement of the primary silicon present in LM-28 alloy.

Research limitations/implications
– Further studies are required regarding in-depth investigation of refinement of primary silicon and its effects on the life of the components prepared by this alloy.

Practical implications
– The data obtained from the research paper help the manufacturers of automotive, aerospace and marine components, such as pistons, cylinder heads and blocks, etc.

Social implications
– The present research work will be an essential information required for the students of undergraduate, postgraduate and research scholars to carry out research at an R&D centre.

Originality/value
– Experiments are conducted at an R&D centre and analyses were carried out for structural changes, mechanical properties and wear properties. Further, the results are compared with other researcher’s data.
Research on wireless nondestructive monitoring method for film pressure of water-lubricated bearing
Authors: Wang Nan , Meng Qingfeng 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a nondestructive monitoring method based on wireless sensor technology to measure the continuous circumferential film pressure on radial cross-section of water-lubricated bearing, in addition, to study the influence factors to wireless communication.

Design/methodology/approach
– The unique shaft and wireless equipments are designed, the pressure sensors are installed in right shoulder of shaft, the wireless transmitter is installed at the end of shaft and the sensors are connected with wireless transmitter by data cable. By this way, the film pressure can be obtained via wireless communication. The film pressure of eight grooved water-lubricated rubber bearings with concave staves is measured, the performance evaluation of wireless equipments is conducted and the influence factors to wireless communication is analyzed by Doppler frequency shift theory.

Findings
– The rupturing and nonuniform water film is observed, the grooves decrease the film pressure of rubber bearing which is in mixed lubricating state. The main influence factor to wireless communication is shaft speed which has greater effect on packet loss rate than that on bit error rate.

Practical implications
– By studying the actual continuous water film pressure, the bearing properties can be studied in-depth, and this has significant meaning to the design and application of bearing. Moreover, the study on influence factors to wireless communication can be used for references to other wireless monitoring on rotating machinery.

Originality/value
– The continuous water film pressure can be monitored by this method, the lubricating state of bearing working surface cannot be damaged and the signal attenuation can be avoided. Therefore, the measuring accuracy is promoted and the measuring process also becomes convenient and high efficiency.
Taguchi optimization of tribological properties of Al/Gr/B4C composite
Authors: Sharma Amit , Garg Manish , Singh Satnam 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop hybrid aluminum metal matrix composite by stir casting process, reinforced with graphite and hard boron carbide particles to enhance the wear resistance. An attempt is made to optimize the wear (weight loss) and coefficient of friction (COF) by considering three factors, i.e. normal load, track diameter and sliding speed which were varied at three different levels.

Design/methodology/approach
– The effect of graphite and boron carbide on microhardness was studied by adding them in varying percentages. After determining the best combination of hybrid reinforcements, optimization of wear (weight loss) and COF was carried out at various levels of considered factors. Taguchi design of experiments was used using the software “Minitab 16.1”. ANOVA was used to analyze the effect of various parameters on wear and COF. To validate the results, mathematical modeling was carried out in terms of regression equations and results obtained by regression equations.

Findings
– The results revealed that the lower weight percentage of graphite (3 per cent) and boron carbide (1 per cent) significantly improved microhardness of developed composites. Results of ANOVA revealed that normal load was the main contributing factor for wear and COF. The results obtained by regression equations and confirmatory tests were within the results obtained by ANOVA.

Originality/value
– To the best of the author’s knowledge, very less work has been reported on optimization of wear and COF using hybrid reinforcement particles of graphite and boron carbide.
Image based portable wear debris analysis tool
Authors: Khan Muhammad Ali , Cheema Ahmed Farooq , Khan Sohaib Zia , Qureshi Shafiq-ur-Rehman 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to show the development of an image processing-based portable equipment for an automatic wear debris analysis. It can analyze both the qualitative and quantitative features of machine wear debris: size, quantity, size distribution, shape, surface texture and material composition via color.Design/methodology/approach– It comprises hardware and software components which can take debris in near real-time from a machine oil sump and process it for features diagnosis. This processing provides the information of the basic features on the user screen which can further be used for machine component health diagnosis.Findings– The developed system has the capacity to replace the existing off-line methods due to its cost effectiveness and simplicity in operation. The system is able to analyze debris basic quantitative and qualitative features greater than 50 micron and less than 300 micron.Originality/value– Wear debris basic features analysis tool is developed and discussed. The portable and near real-time analysis offered by the discussed work can be more technically effective as compared to the existing off-line and online techniques.
Automatic annotation method on learners’ opinions in case method discussion
Authors: Samejima Masaki , Hisakane Daichi , Komoda Norihisa 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to annotate an attribute of a problem, a solution or no annotation on learners’ opinions automatically for supporting the learners’ discussion without a facilitator. The case method aims at discussing problems and solutions in a target case. However, the learners miss discussing some of problems and solutions.

Design/methodology/approach
– Because opinions about problems and solutions on the same case are similar to each other, the proposed method uses opinions that are correctly annotated in past discussions for annotating an appropriate attribute on each opinion in discussions of the same case. The annotation on each opinion is identified by Support Vector Machine learned with opinions and annotations in the past discussion.

Findings
– Compared to a simple method that uses decision tree classification, this proposed method improves the recall rate and the precision rate of annotating the attribute by over 10 per cent. The proposed method is effective for automatic annotation.

Originality/value
– Because the recall rate and the precision rate of annotating an attribute of a problem are over 80 per cent, it is possible to make learners aware of problems that they should discuss. On the other hand, the recall rate and the precision rate of annotating an attribute of a solution are still low. The authors discuss the research issue to improve the rates for automatic annotation.
Simulating apprenticeship using multimedia in higher education
Authors: Bider Ilia , Henkel Martin , Kowalski Stewart , Perjons Erik 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to report on a project aimed at using simulation for improving the quality of teaching and learning modeling skills. More specifically, the project goal was to facilitate the students to acquire skills of building models of organizational structure and behavior through analysis of internal and external documents, and interviews with employees and management. An important skill that practitioners in the information systems field need to possess is the skill of modeling information systems. The main problem with acquiring modeling skills is to learn how to extract knowledge from the unstructured reality of business life.Design/methodology/approach– To achieve the goal, a solution was introduced in the form of a computerized environment utilizing multimedia to simulate a case of an apprenticeship situation. The paper gives an overview of the problem that the solution addresses, presents the solution and reports on the trial completed in a first-year undergraduate course at Stockholm University.Findings– The results of the trial indicate that using rich multimedia along with a case-based learning approach did improve the overall performance of the students. It was also shown that both students’ and the teachers’ attitudes toward the solution were positive.Originality/value– The solution presented in this paper, using computer simulation in teaching/learning by focusing on an apprenticeship situation, can be reused by other university teachers, especially in the Information Systems discipline. This solution can thus be used in teaching, system design, requirements engineering, business analysis and other courses typical for information systems.
Cyberbullying aggressors among Spanish secondary education students: an exploratory study
Authors: Buelga Sofía , Cava Maria J. , Musitu Gonzalo , Torralba Eva 
Published: June 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to explore the prevalence rate of adolescents engaging in aggressive behaviours towards their peers using the Internet and mobile phones, while examining the duration and intensity of this cyberbullying, and to analyse differences in cyberbullying behaviours based on gender and age (academic grades). Research on cyberbullying indicates that it is a global problem that is increasing dramatically among adolescents.Design/methodology/approach– The sample was composed of 1,415 Spanish adolescents of both sexes (760 boys and 655 girls) between 12 and 17 years old (M = 13.9 years old; SD = 1.4).Findings– The results indicated that the cyberbullying prevalence among adolescents in the past year was 32 per cent. Likewise, the data suggest that boys and students in their fourth year of secondary education (15-17 years old) perpetrated cyberbullying on their peers more than girls and students in lower grades.Research limitations/implications– The results presented in this research should be interpreted with caution due to its cross-sectional nature; a longitudinal study with measurements at different times would help to confirm the results observed here. On the other hand, in this study, the adolescents’ responses were obtained through self-reports and, although they could be subject to social desirability effects and biases, as indicated by Flisheret al.(2004), the reliability and validity of adolescent self-reports in the measurement of risk behaviours were quite acceptable.Practical implications– It is of crucial importance to develop educational strategies designed to favour the responsible use of the new technologies. In many cases, children and adolescents are not aware of psychological and legal consequences that their cyber-aggressions can have on themselves, on the victims and on their families and social environment.Social implications– The authors feel that this research may contribute to clarifying some crucial issues related to the growing problem of cyberbullying that affects adolescents in many countries of the world. As the present research deals with aspects of interactive technology and smart education, the authors believe that the findings reported in the manuscript would be of interest to potential readers of thisJournal.Originality/value– This paper is an original perspective on cyberbullying aggressors among secondary education students in a Spanish context.
A course on serious game design and development using an online problem-based learning approach
Authors: Kapralos Bill , Fisher Stephanie , Clarkson Jessica , van Oostveen Roland 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe a novel undergraduate course on serious game design and development that integrates both game and instructional design, thus providing an effective approach to teaching serious game design and development. Very little effort has been dedicated to the teaching of proper serious game design and development leading to many examples of serious games that provide little, if any, educational value.

Design/methodology/approach
– Organized around a collection of video clips (that provided a brief contextualized overview of the topic and questions for further exploration), readings, interdisciplinary research projects and games, the course introduced the principles of game and instructional design, educational theories used to support game-based learning and methods for evaluating serious games. Discussions and activities supported the problems that students worked on throughout the course to develop a critical stance and approach toward implementing game-based learning. Students designed serious games and examined potential issues and complexities involved in developing serious games and incorporating them within a teaching curriculum.

Findings
– Results of student course evaluations reveal that the course was fun and engaging. Students found the course fun and engaging, and through the successful completion of the final course project, all students met all of the course objectives. A discussion regarding the techniques and approaches used in the course that were successful (or unsuccessful) is provided.

Research limitations/implications
– It should be noted that a more detailed analysis has not been presented to fully demonstrate the effectiveness of the course. A more detailed analysis may have included a comparison with, for example, past versions of the course that was not based on an online problem-based learning (PBL) approach, to better quantify the effectiveness of the course. However, such a comparison could not be carried out here, given there was no measure of prior knowledge of students taken before they took course (e.g. no “pre-test data”).

Originality/value
– Unlike the few existing courses dedicated to serious game design, the course was designed specifically to facilitate a fully online PBL approach and provided students the opportunity to take control of their own learning through active research, exploration and problem-solving alone, in groups and through facilitated class discussions.
Shared cognition facilitated by teacher use of interactive whiteboard technologies
Authors: Redman Christine , Vincent John  Terence 
Published: June 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to examine questioning opportunities afforded by interactive whiteboards (IWBs) by highlighting pedagogical decisions enacted by teachers to ensure that they work with the wider affordances of the device.

Design/methodology/approach
– Three primary/elementary teachers participated in a study designed to identify the types of questions that teachers could enable, sustain and afford with an IWB. The teachers selected lessons to be videotaped. Pre- and post-lessons interviews were held with each teacher. Pre-lesson interviews sought the intent of the lesson and intended use of the IWB. Post-lesson interviews included teachers reviewing videotapes of the lessons and teachers reflecting on, reviewing and explaining significant and key events. They provided their reasons and justification behind their informed choices.

Findings
– Teachers enacted a framework that demonstrated their commitment to developing communities of learners. They sought strategic ways to utilise the IWB in dialogically focussed classrooms. Teachers used IWBs to sustain conversations that raise and resolve their learners’ questions, to present challenges to the group.

Research limitations/implications
– This study has a small number of participants, but is fine-grained in analysis. The recorded lessons have only occurred in mathematics classes. Lesson sequences are short, and a longer sequence, over eight weeks, would have also been illuminating.

Originality/value
– The study is unique in showing the shift in power and ownership between interactions among the teacher, students and the IWB.