bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histological subtypes of lung cancer in Chinese women from 2000 to 2012
Authors: Zou Xiao Nong , Lin Dongmei , Chao Ann , Wan Xia , Feng Qinfu , Li Junling , Yang Jie , Yang Gong Huan , Lv Ning 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to characterize the histological and epidemiological features of lung cancer in Chinese women.MethodsDemographic and histological information on female lung cancer cases identified during 1 January 2000 through 31 December 2012 from the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were collected. The International Classification of Diseases for Oncology system was used to classify the histological subtypes. Relative frequencies (RF) were estimated for major histological subtypes and compared by the years of diagnosis and birth, and among residential areas. Statistical differences were tested for RFs in the time periods with a trend test and with Pearson Chi square tests for distribution.ResultsOf 7070 female Chinese lung cancer cases, the major histological subtypes were adenocarcinoma (ADC) 65.79%; squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) 10.21%; small cell cancer 8.12%; large cell carcinoma, 2.79%; and adeno‐squamous carcinoma (ASC), 2.19%. ADC increased, with RFs from 46.72% in the cases identified in 2000–2002 to 76.49% in 2011–2012 (Z = 16.998, P < 0.0001); SCC decreased from 15.69% to 5.97% (Z = −8.750, P < 0.0001). Compared to the cases identified in 2000–2006, the age‐adjusted RFs of ADC in 2007–2012 consistently increased in all study areas.ConclusionThe significant increase of ADC of the lung in Chinese women suggests that a persistently strong exposure to potential carcinogens in the Chinese population should be further and fully investigated.
Analyzing the welfare‐improving potential of land in the former homelands of South Africa
Authors: Lovo Stefania 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article contributes to the debate on the role of land in reducing poverty in rural South Africa. It uses the year of arrival in the former homelands as an instrument for land access and size. This identification strategy is based on the fact that African households were forcibly relocated to the homelands during the apartheid. Due to increasing population pressure, later arrivals were less likely to be assigned land. The results show that land has a large positive effect on household welfare. Because the homelands are relatively disadvantaged areas, these results provide a lower bound for the positive effects of land on household welfare.
Childhood obesity in Mexico: the effect of international migration
Authors: Damon Amy , Kristiansen Devon 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThis article estimates the effect of international migration from Mexico to the United States on the obesity status of children who remain in Mexico. Theory suggests that increased liquidity as well as changing time allocations resulting from migration may influence obesity outcomes. Natural disasters are used as an identification strategy. Results suggest that older boys in urban areas are more likely to become obese when either a male or female migrates from the household, while girls in urban areas are less likely to become obese. Both changes in food expenditure patterns and time use changes after migration are likely pathways that affect childhood obesity. While there are some changes in food expenditures, we find more importantly that urban girls engage in more housework and screen time after migration, whereas urban teen boys do not substitute for adult work as much as girls. These changes in strenuous activities, particularly for girls, likely explain the differential effect that migration has on boys’ and girls’ obesity outcomes in Mexico.
Randomised clinical trial: gluten may cause depression in subjects with non‐coeliac gluten sensitivity – an exploratory clinical study
Authors: Peters S. L. , Biesiekierski J. R. , Yelland G. W. , Muir J. G. , Gibson P. R. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryBackgroundCurrent evidence suggests that many patients with self‐reported non‐coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) retain gastrointestinal symptoms on a gluten‐free diet (GFD) but continue to restrict gluten as they report ‘feeling better’.AimTo investigate the notion that a major effect of gluten in those with NCGS is on mental state and not necessarily on gastrointestinal symptoms.MethodsTwenty‐two subjects (24–62 years, five male) with irritable bowel syndrome who had coeliac disease excluded but were symptomatically controlled on a GFD, undertook a double‐blind cross‐over study. Participants randomly received one of three dietary challenges for 3 days, followed by a minimum 3‐day washout before crossing over to the next diet. Challenge gluten‐free food was supplemented with gluten (16 g/day), whey (16 g/day) or not supplemented (placebo). End‐points included mental state as assessed by the Spielberger State Trait Personality Inventory (STPI), cortisol secretion and gastrointestinal symptoms.ResultsGluten ingestion was associated with higher overall STPI state depression scores compared to placebo [M = 2.03, 95% CI (0.55–3.51), P = 0.010] but not whey [M = 1.48, 95% CI (−0.14 to 3.10), P = 0.07]. No differences were found for other STPI state indices or for any STPI trait measures. No difference in cortisol secretion was identified between challenges. Gastrointestinal symptoms were induced similarly across all dietary challenges.ConclusionsShort‐term exposure to gluten specifically induced current feelings of depression with no effect on other indices or on emotional disposition. Gluten‐specific induction of gastrointestinal symptoms was not identified. Such findings might explain why patients with non‐coeliac gluten sensitivity feel better on a gluten‐free diet despite the continuation of gastrointestinal symptoms.
Twenty‐year mortality of adult patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia: a Danish population‐based cohort study
Authors: Frederiksen Henrik , Maegbaek Merete Lund , Nørgaard Mette 
Published: April 2014

SummaryStudies have reported a 1·3‐ to 2·2‐fold higher mortality rate among patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) compared to the general population. However, long‐term mortality estimates as well as cause‐specific mortality data are sparse. In our population‐based cohort of adult patients with newly diagnosed ITP and up to 37 years of follow‐up, the 5‐year, 10‐year and 20‐year mortality among the ITP patients was 22%, 34% and 49%, respectively. The mortality in the ITP cohort was consistently higher than in the in the general population cohort yielding an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1·5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1·2–1·8]. The adjusted HRs of mortality due to cardiovascular disease, infection, bleeding and haematological cancer were 1·5 (95% CI: 1·1–1·5), 2·4 (95% CI: 1·0–5·7), 6·2 (95% CI: 2·8–13·5) and 5·7 (95% CI: 2·1–15·7), respectively, whereas mortality due to solid cancer and other causes were similar in ITP patients and the general population. We conclude that mortality rates among ITP patients are higher than in the general population, predominantly as a result of increased cardiovascular disease, infection, bleeding and haematological cancer cause‐specific mortalities.
Revelation of fibroblast protein commonalities and differences and their possible roles in wound healing and tumourigenesis using co‐culture models of cells
Authors: Jarkovska Karla , Dvorankova Barbora , Halada Petr , Kodet Ondrej , Szabo Pavol , Gadher Suresh Jivan , Motlik Jan , Kovarova Hana , Smetana Karel 
Published: April 2014

Background informationThe in vitro co‐culture models of communication between normal fibroblasts and epithelial cells, such as keratinocytes or squamous cell carcinoma cells of FaDu line representing wound healing or cancer development, were established by non‐direct contact between the cells and utilised in this study to examine epithelia‐induced changes in overall fibroblast proteome patterns.ResultsWe were able to select the proteins co‐regulated in both models in order to evaluate possible molecular commonalities between wound healing and tumour development. Amongst the most pronounced were the proteins implemented in contractile activity and formation of actin cytoskeleton such as caldesmon, calponin‐2, myosin regulatory light‐chain 12A and cofilin‐1, which were expressed independently of the presence of α‐smooth muscle actin. Additionally, proteins altered differently highlighted functional and cellular phenotypes during transition of fibroblasts towards myofibroblasts or cancer‐associated fibroblasts. Results showed coordinated regulation of cytoskeleton proteins selective for wound healing which were lost in tumourigenesis model. Vimentin bridged this group of proteins with other regulated proteins in human fibroblasts involved in protein or RNA processing and metabolic regulation.ConclusionsThe findings provide strong support for crucial role of stromal microenvironment in wound healing and tumourigenesis. In particular, epithelia‐induced protein changes in fibroblasts offer new potential targets which may lead to novel tailored cancer therapeutic strategies.
Quetiapine XR‐induced neutropenia: is a clozapine trial still possible for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia? A case report
Authors: Crépeau‐Gendron Gabrielle , L'Heureux Sophie 
Published: April 2014

AbstractAimOur case report addresses the use of clozapine in patients who have a history of quetiapine XR‐induced neutropenia. There are no current guidelines for this situation.MethodsWe present the case of a young woman treated with clozapine at a first‐episode psychosis clinic after a moderate quetiapine XR‐induced neutropenia (0,5–1,0 × 109 L−1).ResultsThe patient was successfully treated with clozapine and lithium, with less psychotic symptoms and a better level of functioning. The neutrophil count remained normal during the treatment period, which has been longer than a year.ConclusionThe outcome of this case supports the notion that clinicians could consider introducing clozapine in treatment‐refractory patients who have a history of quetiapine XR‐induced neutropenia, with close blood monitoring. Lithium co‐administration may play a role in maintaining a normal neutrophil count.
Sorafenib plus all‐trans retinoic acid for AML patients with FLT3‐ITD and NPM1 mutations
Authors: Guenounou Sarah , Delabesse Eric , Récher Christian 
Published: April 2014

AbstractKnowledge of the molecular basis of acute myeloid leukaemia has increased considerably in the past few years, and therapies targeting specific molecular defects of this disease are intensively investigated. Patients with both NPM1 and FLT3‐ITD mutations encompass 20% of cytogenetically normal AML. The multikinase and FLT3 inhibitor, sorafenib, has shown some efficacy in patients with relapsed FLT3‐ITD+ AML. In addition, it is suggested that all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) used in combination with chemotherapy has shown to improve outcome of patients harbouring NPM1 mutations. We report here the clinical course of three patients with refractory or relapsed FLT3‐ITD+/NPM1+ AML who achieved significant response upon sorafenib and ATRA combination.
Diagnostic utility of cortical excitability studies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Geevasinga N. , Menon P. , Yiannikas C. , Kiernan M. C. , Vucic S. 
Published: April 2014

Background and purposeThe diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) relies on identification of a combination of upper and lower motor neuron signs. In order to improve the diagnostic sensitivity for ALS, Awaji criteria were developed, in part to better incorporate neurophysiological measures, although assessment of upper motor neuron dysfunction remained clinically based. Given that cortical hyperexcitability appears to be an early feature in ALS, the present study assessed the diagnostic utility of a threshold tracking transcranial magnetic stimulation technique as an aid to the research‐based Awaji criteria in establishing an earlier diagnosis of ALS.MethodsProspective studies were undertaken on a cohort of 82 patients with suspected ALS and results were compared with 34 healthy controls.ResultsShort‐interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) was significantly reduced in ALS patients (P < 0.0001), with a comparable reduction evident in the Awaji groups (SICIAWAJI POSSIBLE 1.3% ± 1.3%; SICIAWAJI PROBABLE/DEFINITE 1.4% ±1.7%). Central motor conduction time was significantly prolonged (P < 0.001), whereas the motor evoked potential amplitude (P < 0.05) and intracortical facilitation (P < 0.05) were increased. The frequency of transcranial magnetic stimulation abnormalities was similar across Awaji subgroups, and addition of transcranial magnetic stimulation abnormalities as a diagnostic category enabled reclassification of 88% of Awaji possible patients to Awaji probable/definite.ConclusionsCortical excitability studies potentially facilitate an earlier diagnosis of ALS when combined with clinical and conventional neurophysiological findings, albeit in a research setting.
Association between metabolic syndrome and white matter lesions in middle‐aged and elderly patients
Authors: Yin Z.‐G. , Cui M. , Zhou S.‐M. , Yu M.‐M. , Li R. , Zhou H.‐D. 
Published: April 2014

Background and purposeMetabolic syndrome (MetS) has been reported to be associated with silent lacunar infarction, which is highly related to white matter lesions (WMLs). However, little is known about the relationship between MetS and the prevalence of WMLs. The association between MetS, its components and WMLs in middle‐aged and elderly patients was investigated.MethodsConsecutive patients aged 50 years and older were prospectively enrolled in this study. All participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans to assess the presence and severity of WMLs. The MetS was defined according to the updated National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between MetS, its components and WMLs.ResultsA total of 852 patients were enrolled in the study. MetS was present in 38.4%. MetS was associated with an increased risk of periventricular WMLs (PVWMLs) and deep WMLs (DWMLs) after multivariable adjustment (odds ratio 3.21, 95% confidence interval 2.26–4.55 for PVWMLs; odds ratio 2.93, 95% confidence interval 2.09–4.09 for DWMLs). Amongst MetS components, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting blood glucose and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol were associated with PVWMLs, whilst elevated blood pressure and low high density lipoprotein cholesterol were related to DWMLs.ConclusionsOur findings demonstrate that MetS is associated with the prevalence of PVWMLs and DWMLs independent of other risk factors in middle‐aged and elderly patients. The association between MetS as a cluster and WMLs was not driven by MetS components.
Electroencephalographic sleep elements and outcome in acute encephalopathic patients: a 4‐year cohort study
Authors: Sutter R. , Barnes B. , Leyva A. , Kaplan P. W. , Geocadin R. G. 
Published: April 2014

Background and purposeAcute encephalopathy in hospitalized patients is common and associated with high mortality. Preservation of physiological sleep has been associated with favorable outcomes in acute brain injury. It is hypothesized that electroencephalographic presence of sleep elements is associated with good outcome in encephalopathic adults.MethodsThis observational study was performed at an academic tertiary medical care center. Clinical data, electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics and outcome of critically ill patients with acute encephalopathy were assessed. EEGs were interpreted regarding the presence of sleep elements (K‐complexes, vertex sharp‐waves and sleep spindles). Associations between sleep elements and outcome (graded by the Glasgow Outcome Scale, GOS) were analyzed.ResultsOne hundred and forty‐two consecutive patients with a median age of 64.5 years (range 18–98) and mean Glasgow Coma Scale 10.4 (± 3.8) were included. Leading etiologies were infections (47.2%), intracranial hemorrhages (14.1%) and ischaemic strokes (10.6%). All EEGs demonstrated encephalopathy patterns and 38% had ≥1 sleep element (27.5% K‐complexes, 31.7% vertex sharp‐waves and 33.8% sleep spindles). Patients without sleep elements were older (P = 0.010) and septic shock was more common (P = 0.014). Amongst sleep elements, K‐complexes were significantly associated with good outcome, even after adjusting for possible confounders (odds ratio for GOS 5 = 2.79, 95% confidence interval 1.16–6.69) and without significant effect modification across subgroups.ConclusionsWhilst EEG sleep elements were detected more frequently in patients with favorable outcome, only K‐complexes were significantly and independently associated with good outcome in intensive care unit patients with acute encephalopathy, findings that need to be confirmed in larger prospective studies.
Overcoming Methodological Nationalism in Nationalism Studies: The Impact of Tourism on the Construction and Diffusion of National and Regional Identities
Authors: Storm Eric 
Published: April 2014

AbstractDuring the last 30 years, our understanding of the nation‐building process in various parts of Europe and across the globe has increased substantially. Some of the most important results of this growing body of studies will be discussed in this review article, which consists of four parts. First, I will examine some innovative trends in the field of nationalism studies, such as the growing attention for the impact of nationalism on popular culture and the interplay between regional and national identities. The second part makes clear that the overwhelming majority of existing studies deals with one region or nation, while taking the national framework for granted. By presenting the history of Europe as a collection of (isolated) national histories, most scholars still fall prey to a methodological nationalism. One way to overcome this (implicit) methodological nationalism is to analyse the impact of foreign tourism on the construction and diffusion of national and regional identities. The role of tourism in the construction of territorial identities has already been explored in a growing number of studies. Some of the most important contributions to this field will be reviewed in the third part. Finally, I will argue that the impact of foreign visitors on the nation‐building process can best be studied in a comparative way by focusing on local communities as the arena in which the outside influences of an international, national and regional level came together and demanded a local response.
Authorial Intention in Medieval Historiography
Authors: Lake Justin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractSince the mid‐20th century, scholars have focused increasing attention on the context of medieval historical writing and the intentions of medieval historians. Analyzing the intentions of medieval authors is a delicate task, one that requires attention to questions of genre, language, form, mentality, and intended audience. A central problem is that medieval historians tend to describe their goals in terms of literary commonplaces, ortopoi, which can mask as much as they reveal. For this reason, recent scholarship has tended to focus on the political motives of medieval historical writing. While this development has had a largely salutary effect on our understanding of medieval historiography, we should be wary of categorizing medieval histories as ‘propaganda’ or assuming that they were always written as unified statements of purpose. Finally, we should take into account the personal and egoistic motives that historians may have had for writing. The most successful efforts at understanding authorial intentionality to date have combined historical and literary approaches, considering the author both as an agent of the institution on whose behalf he wrote and as an individual with his own personal motivations.
Soluble CD14 is essential for lipopolysaccharide‐dependent activation of human intestinal mast cells from macroscopically normal as well as Crohn's disease tissue
Authors: Brenner Sibylle A. , Zacheja Steffi , Schäffer Michael , Feilhauer Katharina , Bischoff Stephan C. , Lorentz Axel 
Published: April 2014

SummaryMast cells are now considered sentinels in immunity. Given their location underneath the gastrointestinal barrier, mast cells are entrusted with the task of tolerating commensal microorganisms and eliminating potential pathogens in the gut microbiota. The aim of our study was to analyse the responsiveness of mast cells isolated from macroscopically normal and Crohn's disease‐affected intestine to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To determine the LPS‐mediated signalling, human intestinal mast cells were treated with LPS alone or in combination with soluble CD14 due to their lack of surface CD14 expression. LPS alone failed to stimulate cytokine expression in human intestinal mast cells from both macroscopically normal and Crohn's disease tissue. Upon administration of LPS and soluble CD14, there was a dose‐ and time‐dependent induction of cytokine and chemokine expression. Moreover, CXCL8 and interleukin‐1β protein expression was induced in response to activation with LPS plus soluble CD14. Expression of cytokines and chemokines was at similar levels in mast cells from macroscopically normal and Crohn's disease‐affected intestine after LPS/soluble CD14 treatment. In conclusion, human intestinal mast cells appear to tolerate LPS per se. The LPS‐mediated activation in mast cells may be provoked by soluble CD14 distributed by other LPS‐triggered cells at the gastrointestinal barrier.
Why is sex so rare in Lecane inermis (Rotifera: Monogononta) in wastewater treatment plants?
Authors: Pajdak‐Stós Agnieszka , Fiałkowska Edyta , Kocerba‐Soroka Wioleta , Sobczyk Mateusz , Fyda Janusz 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe monogonont rotifer Lecane inermis is commonly known as a facultative parthenogen. Unexpectedly, among numerous lineages we isolated from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), only one was capable of sexual reproduction. We investigated why sex was so rare among L. inermis in WWTP. The reproductive modes of lineages derived from the sexual lineage were examined. Among all lineages, the fraction of those reproducing only asexually for 14 d was 0.39. In the subsequent round, the fraction of asexual lineages reached 0.61. The population growth rate of the parthenogenetic lineages was significantly higher than that of the sexual lineages. We simulated the fate of rotifer populations in WWTP by removing 10% of the experimental cultures each day. After 10 d of these conditions, the mean number of females was greater in parthenogenetic than in sexual lineages. After 20 d, only solitary dormant eggs remained in the sexual lineages. It therefore appears that the loss of sex may be attributed to the specific conditions of the WWTP. When there is no risk of desiccation and no need for dormancy, the fast‐growing parthenogens outcompete lineages investing in costly sex. Furthermore, even if some resting eggs were deposited, they would be washed out from the system with the excess sludge.
Wide Color Variation in SiNO Thin Films Dispersed with Precipitated TiN Nano Particles
Authors: Sawada Akinori , Masubuchi Yuji , Motohashi Teruki , Kikkawa Shinichi 
Published: April 2014

Amorphous thin films of Ti1−ySiy(N,O) with y ≥ 0.38 were prepared by reactive sputter deposition in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thermal annealing of the films in an ammonia flow above 800°C yielded Si(N,O) amorphous thin films dispersed with precipitated TiN nanosized particles. The film color changed with Si content y and the annealing conditions, from carrot orange to cream yellow in the as‐deposited films due to their oxynitride nature, and from dark green to canary yellow and from iron blue to horizon blue at respective annealing temperatures of 800°C and 900°C due to metallic nature of the TiN nanosized particles precipitated in the annealing.