bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman Spectroscopic Study of Rare Earth Chlorides in Alkali Chloride Eutectic Melts
Authors: Uda Takeshi , Fujii Toshiyuki , Iwadate Yasuhiko , Uehara Akihiro , Yamana Hajimu 
Published: March 2013

AbstractRaman spectra of rare earth (REE: rare earth elements) trichloride (REE = Y, La, Ce, Pr, Sm, Gd, Dy, or Yb) dissolved in alkali chloride eutectic melts (LiCl‐KCl, LiCl‐RbCl, and LiCl‐CsCl) were measured at 793 K. The spectra showed polarized peaks centered around 240–270 cm–1, which were identified as the totally symmetric stretching vibration (ν1) of the octahedral REECl63–. The ν1 frequency increased with the polarizing power of the trivalent REE ions. The change in the ν1 frequency was found to be larger for lighter lanthanides. This was attributable to the distortion of the Oh symmetry of REECl63–.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Magnetic Properties of Three Metal‐Nitroxide Complexes with the V‐shaped 4, 4′‐Oxybis(benzoate)
Authors: Chen Yi‐Wen , Li Hong‐Dao , Gao Dong‐Zhao , Wang Xiu‐Guang , Liu Zhong‐Yi , Sun Ya‐Qiu , Zhang Guo‐Ying , Xu Yan‐Yan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThree new metal–nitroxide complexes {[Ni(NIT4Py)2(obb)(H2O)2]·1.5H2O}n (1), {[Co(NIT4Py)2(obb)(H2O)2]·2H2O}n (2), and [Co(IM4Py)2(obb)2(H2O)2][Co(IM4Py)2(H2O)4]·10H2O (3) with the V‐shaped 4,4′‐oxybis(benzoate) [NIT4Py = 2‐(4′‐pyridyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide, IM4Py = 2‐(4′‐pyridyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxide, and obb = 4, 4′‐oxybis(benzoate) anion] were synthesized and structurally characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses indicate that complexes 1 and 2 crystallize in neutral one‐dimensional (1D) zigzag chains, in which the nitroxide–metal–nitroxide units are linked by the V‐shaped 4,4′‐oxybis(benzoate) anions, whereas complex 3 consists of isolated mononuclear [Co(IM4Py)2(obb)2(H2O)2]2– anions and [Co(IM4Py)2(H2O)4]2+ ions. Magnetic measurements show that complexes 1 and 2 both exhibit weak antiferromagnetic interactions between the metal ions and the nitroxides.
Reflux Symptoms and Side Effects Among Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease at Baseline, During Treatment with PPIs, and After Nissen Fundoplication
Authors: Rantanen Tuomo , Kiljander Toni , Salminen Paulina , Ranta Arto , Oksala Niku , Kellokumpu Ilmo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundThere are no prospective studies available on the behavior of extraesophageal and esophageal symptoms and treatment‐related side effects in patients without effective antireflux medication, receiving the most effective antireflux medication, and after laparoscopic fundoplication.MethodsExtraesophageal and esophageal reflux symptoms and treatment‐related side effects were assessed in 60 patients while they were on no effective antireflux medication (three‐week washout period), after three month of treatment with double‐dose esomeprazole, and 3 months after laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication. Esophageal and extraesophageal reflux symptoms, rectal flatulence, and bloating were analyzed with the visual analog scale. In addition, dysphagia, rectal flatulence, and bloating were recorded as none, mild, moderate, or severe.ResultsBoth extraesophageal and esophageal reflux symptoms decreased after treatment with esomeprazole and were further reduced after fundoplication. Dysphagia and flatulence did not increase from baseline after surgery. Bloating decreased both after treatment with esomeprazole and after fundoplication. In contrast, dysphagia and increased flatus were found more often after surgery than during treatment with esomeprazole. Dysphagia and rectal flatulence were less common during treatment with esomeprazole than at baseline or after surgery.ConclusionsBoth extraesophageal and esophageal reflux symptoms decreased after treatment with esomeprazole and were reduced further after fundoplication. Any treatment‐related side effect was not increased after surgery when compared to baseline. However, compared to esomeprazole there was more dysphagia and flatulence after fundoplication.
Perioperative Fluid Restriction in Major Abdominal Surgery: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Randomized, Clinical Trials
Authors: Boland Michael R. , Noorani Ayesha , Varty Kevin , Coffey J. Calvin , Agha Riaz , Walsh Stewart R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundFluid management is a fundamental component of surgical care. Recently, there has been considerable interest in perioperative fluid restriction as a method of facilitating recovery following elective major surgery. A number of randomized trials have addressed the issue in various surgical specialities, and a recent meta‐analysis proposed uniform definitions regarding fluid amount as well as examining fluid restriction in patients undergoing colonic resection.MethodsMedline, Embase, trial registries, conference proceedings, and article reference lists were searched to identify randomized, controlled trials of perioperative fluid restriction versus “standard” perioperative fluid management, as per definitions formulated previously. All of the studies involved patients undergoing colonic resection. The primary outcome measure was postoperative morbidity. Secondary endpoints included mortality, renal failure, time to first flatus, and length of hospital stay. A random effects model was applied.ResultsSeven randomized, controlled trials with a total of 856 patients investigating standard versus restrictive fluid regimes, as denoted by the definitions, were included. Perioperative fluid restriction had no effect on the risk of postoperative complications (OR 0.49 (95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.2–1.18; P = 0.101). There was no detectable effect on death and fluid restriction did not reduce hospital stay (Pooled weighted mean difference −0.25; 95 % CI 0.72–0.21; P = 0.29).ConclusionsPerioperative fluid restriction does not significantly reduce the risk of complications following major abdominal surgery. Furthermore, it does not appear to reduce length of hospital stay.
Differences in feeding activity between females and males of Temora longicornis
Authors: Moison Maud , Schmitt François G. , Souissi Sami 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe have studied experimentally in the laboratory the behavioural responses of females and males of the calanoid copepod Temora longicornis and their encounter probability with the alga Rhodomonas. Both sexes of this calanoid copepod adapted their motion velocity and style of swimming in reaction to the presence of prey. Their mean velocity, as well as the probability of high velocity values, increased in the presence of the algae. Moreover, the time spent in swimming activity increased, reflecting a possible adaptation in order to facilitate encounter with prey. Females were more sensitive to the presence of food: mean velocities showed a 40 % increase for males, from control to food conditions, whereas for females the increase was 240 %. This result was confirmed using several indicators: net‐to‐gross displacement ratio, probability density functions, and symbolic dynamics. This may indicate that female T. longicornis are more attracted by food than males.
FTIR Spectroscpy of Natural Fluorite from Ambadongar, Gujarat
Authors: Singh R. K. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
The principal aim of this study is to examine the presence of structural water in the form of a hydrous ion (OH–) in fluorites of Ambadongar, Gujarat. Several recent spectroscopic studies indicate that in addition to molecular water in fluid inclusions of fluorite, structurally bound water may occur as H2O and OH species in hydrothermal fluorite. To further clarify this effect, a FTIR study has been carried on hydrothermal fluorite samples from Ambadongar. The analysis were carried out at room temperature as well as 250°C on powdered samples of yellow, blue-green, blue and colourless fluorites. FTIR spectroscopic measurements of all the fluorites show a broad absorption band between 3439-3410 cm-1 corresponding to bond of O-H stretching vibration indicating the presence of structurally bound water in all fluorites. This structural water in variable amount as different hydrous species associated with other impurity may act as an energy absorbent in the crystal and production of colour in fluorites. From field study of fluorite veins the colour was determined as blue and purple, which, are commonly inter layered, followed by white, finally yellow and colourless varieties.
Integrating Remote Sensing and GIS for Identification of Groundwater Prospective Zones in the Narava Basin, Visakhapatnam Region, Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Narendra K. , Rao K. Nageswara , Latha P. Swarna 
Published: March 2013

Abstract:
This paper mainly deals with the integrated approach of remote sensing and Geographical Information System (GIS) to delineate groundwater prospective zones in Narava basin, Visakhapatnam region. The various thematic maps generated for delineating groundwater potential zones are geomorphology, geology, lineament density, drainage density, slope and land use/land cover (LULC). Weighted index overlay (WIO) technique is used to investigate a number of choice possibilities and evaluate suitability according to the associated weight of each unit. The integrated map of the area shows different zones of groundwater prospects, viz. very good (18.9% of the area), good (26.4% of the area), moderate (17.1% of the area) and poor (37.6% of the area). The categorization of groundwater potential was in good agreement with the available water column in the basin area.
Variation in Groundwater Levels and Water Quality in Chhatna Block, Bankura District, West Bengal – A GIS Approach
Authors: Nag S. K. , Ghosh P. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract:
Ground water levels and quality in Chhatna Block of West Bengal were studied based on different indices for irrigation and drinking purposes. A detailed hydrogeological investigation was carried out to have an overall idea of the aquifer system of the area. The ground water occurs under shallow to moderately deep water table condition. The groundwater is stored mostly in the weathered residuum and fractured - hard rock. Sodium absorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium bi-carbonate (RSBC), electrical conductance (EC), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR) Kelly’s ratio (KR), total hardness (TH), permeability index (PI) were calculated as derived parameters, to investigate the ionic toxicity. From the results of chemical analysis, it was revealed that the values of Sodium Adsorption Ratio indicate that, ground water of the area falls under the category of low sodium hazard. So, there was neither salinity nor toxicity problem of irrigation water, and hence the ground water can safely be used for long-term irrigation. Plotting of analytical results of the groundwater collected from different areas in Piper’s trilinear diagram (1944) indicate that, the waters of the study area fall under fresh and sulphate rich region of the rhombus.
Identity of Schizaphis species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the United Kingdom: are they a threat to crops?
Authors: Kati Amalia , Shufran Kevin A. , Taylor Mark S. , Barjadze Shalva , Eastop Victor F. , Blackman Roger L. , Harrington Richard 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), is a major pest of cereals in some parts of the world and is of particular concern because it can be resistant to some insecticides and overcome the resistance of crops. In the UK, it has never been found on crops, but two rather little-known and closely-related species (Schizaphis holci and Schizaphis agrostis) are associated with the wild grasses, Holcus lanatus and Agrostis stolonifera. Since 1987, winged (alate) aphids morphologically resembling the greenbug have been found in increasing numbers in 12.2 m high suction-trap samples of the Rothamsted Insect Survey (RIS); hence, studies were undertaken to establish their identity. Clones (=asexual lineages) established from populations collected from H. lanatus in southern England showed strong preference for Holcus over Agrostis and Hordeum in laboratory tests and produced sexual morphs when transferred to short-day conditions, the males being apterous, as expected for S. holci. Multivariate morphometric comparisons of alatae caught in UK RIS suction traps in 2007 and 2011 with named specimens from museum collections, including S. graminum from many countries, indicated that the suction-trapped alatae were mostly S. agrostis and S. holci. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mtDNA obtained from 62 UK specimens from suction-traps had 95.4–100% sequence identity with US specimens of S. graminum. Two of the UK specimens had identical COI sequence to the US sorghum-adapted form of S. graminum, and these specimens also had 100% identity with a 640 bp fragment of nDNA CytC, indicating that this form of S. graminum may already be present in the UK. Present and future economic implications of these results are discussed.
TRADING IN POWER: MERCHANTS AND THE STATE IN 19TH-CENTURY EGYPT
Authors: Ghazaleh Pascale 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this article, I argue that commercial legislation promulgated and implemented in Egypt during the first half of the 19th century was one of several factors that diminished the effect of merchants’ social networks, reduced merchants’ identity to a purely professional dimension, and made profit dependent upon association with the state. The transformation of merchants’ social roles was not part of a natural evolution toward modernization and the specialized division of labor. Rather, it resulted from interactions between state-building endeavors, pressures from established merchants who sought to parry threats to their position while profiting from new business opportunities, and an influx of merchants from outside the Ottoman sultanate, who could draw neither on personal connections nor on knowledge of local markets but instead had to depend on the protection of the European consulates and the influence of the growing Egyptian state apparatus.
Defamation Law in Turbulence: Does Israel Need ‘Libel Reform’?
Authors: Gidron Tamar 
Published: March 2013

Among the various bills proposing amendments to Israel's Defamation (Prohibition) Law that were presented to the 18th Knesset, the most controversial one is the bill proposing an increase in the caps on statutory damages (without proof of special or general damage). The current NIS 50,000 cap (NIS 100,000 when the publication was intended to cause injury) will be replaced, if the bill is approved, by a NIS 300,000 cap (NIS 600,000 when the publication was intended to cause injury). This proposed massive change has ignited a heated public debate. The bill, according to its proponents, is targeted principally at the media. Its aim is deterrence and even punishment, accomplished by attaching a higher price tag to libellous publications while focusing on remedies and leaving liability tests (including defences) untouched.I claim that this bill is both unnecessary and detrimental.Based on case law from the eight-year period 2004–11 on damages awarded by Israeli courts in defamation cases – both damages awarded ‘without proof of damage’ (the plaintiff does not need to prove damage caused by the publication) and damages awarded for ‘general damage’ (some general damage needs to be proved) – I conclude that the spectrum of judicial discretion is sufficiently broad to accommodate any level of deterrence seen fit by the courts in any circumstances. The fact that average damages awards do not reach the statutory caps indicates that, for all practical purposes, legislative intrusion in the manner proposed is erroneous. As to the normative standards the bill strives to convey, I maintain that absent reasonable justifications based on identifiable changes in cultural, social or other circumstances over time, the attempt to change the currently accepted balance between the rights of reputation and freedom of speech in Israeli defamation law in terms of damages awards is also erroneous.Even if some modification of the current balance between reputation and free speech, as a result of specified changes in circumstances, do indeed appear to be necessary, the particular content, form and measure of this specific bill – which have yet to be examined and assessed – do not seem to provide the right approach to achieve such modifications.
Tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen embedded in casein rule its degradation under physiological situations: manipulation with casein hydrolysate
Authors: Silanikove Nissim , Shapiro Fira , Merin Uzi , Leitner Gabriel 
Published: March 2013

The aims of this study were to test the assumption that tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen (PG) are closely associated with the casein micelle and form a functional complex that rules casein degradation. This assumption was essentially verified for bovine milk under conditions wherein the plasmin system was activated by treatment with casein hydrolysate. It was also shown that urokinase-type PA (u-PA), the second type of plasminogen activator present in milk, was not involved in casein degradation. In agreement with previous studies, we show that treatment with casein hydrolysate precipitously reduced mammary secretion, disrupted the tight junction integrity (increase in Na+and decrease in K+concentrations), induced hydrolysis of casein, and activated various elements of the innate and acquired immune system. In the present study, we have identified t-PA as the principal PA, which is responsible for the conversion of PG to plasmin. It was found that t-PA and plasminogen are present in freshly secreted milk (less than 10 min from its secretion), suggesting that they are secreted as a complex by the mammary gland epithelial cells. Further research is needed to provide the direct evidence to verify this concept.
Day-case tonsillectomy for children in Glasgow: the impact of changing indications and deprivation
Authors: Clement W A 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjective:To determine the number of children undergoing tonsillectomy that could have this performed as a day surgery procedure.Methods:This paper reports a prospective cohort study, which entailed a comparison of children's eligibility for day-case surgery between 2001 and 2011 and an assessment of the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation scores.Results:In total, 148 children were enrolled. In 2011, 60 children (42 per cent) were eligible for surgery with same day discharge compared with 27 per cent in 2001. The percentage of children undergoing tonsillectomy for sleep-related breathing disorders or obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome increased from 26 per cent to 55 per cent.Conclusion:Eligibility for tonsillectomy with same day discharge has increased. This appears to be related to an increase in the number of children who are able to fulfil the social criteria for same day discharge. The results indicate an association between deprivation and tonsillectomy, particularly surgery carried out for the symptoms of sleep-related breathing disorders or obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome. There has been a significant increase in the percentage of children undergoing tonsillectomy for the indication of sleep-related breathing disorders or obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnoea syndrome.
Quality of life assessment in patients treated for metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Wang A Y , Palme C E , Wang J T , Morgan G J , Gebski V , Gilchrist J , Veness M J 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground:Treatment for metastatic cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is usually multimodal and associated with morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of treatment on patients' quality of life.Method:Cross-sectional survey of 42 patients (35 men, 7 women) at least 6 months after metastatic cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treatment, using two standardised quality of life questionnaires: the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Head and Neck questionnaire and the Facial Disability Index, with statistical analysis to identify potential predictors of outcome.Results:Female gender correlated with significantly lower Facial Disability Index physical function scores (p = 0.017). Alcohol consumption correlated with significantly better scores for Functional Assessment social well-being (p = 0.016), general total score (p = 0.041) and overall total score (p = 0.033), and for Facial Disability Index physical function (p = 0.034). Marital status, education, employment, chemotherapy, time from last treatment, parotidectomy and facial nerve sacrifice did not affect quality of life. The commonest patient complaints were dry mouth (76 per cent), altered voice quality and strength (55 per cent), and physical appearance (45 per cent).Conclusion:Female gender predicts worse quality of life, while alcohol consumption (versus none) predicted for better quality of life.
Normal and abnormal pulmonary arteriovenous shunting: occurrence and mechanisms
Authors: Hoffman Julien I.E. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSevere cyanosis due to pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas occurs often after a bidirectional superior cavopulmonary anastomosis (Glenn operation) and also in some congenital anomalies in which hepatic venous blood bypasses the lungs in the first passage. Relocation of hepatic flow into the lungs usually causes these fistulas to disappear. Similar pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas are observed in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, and in liver disease (hepatopulmonary syndrome). There is no convincing identification yet of a responsible hepatic factor that produces these lesions. Candidates for such a factor are reviewed, and the possibility of angiotensin or bradykinin contributing to the fistulas is discussed.
Scimitar syndrome and anomalous origin of the circumflex artery from the main pulmonary artery in infancy: a case report
Authors: Marcondes Luciana D. F. , Ghez Olivier , Magee Alan G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe present a neonate with an antenatal diagnosis of Scimitar syndrome and aortic arch hypoplasia. After delivery, computerised tomography scan additionally revealed an anomalous origin of the circumflex coronary artery from the main pulmonary artery. The management of this rare combination is discussed.
Lexical acquisition and semantic space models: Learning the semantics of unknown words
Authors: CHOLAKOV KOSTADIN 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn recent studies it has been shown that syntax-based semantic space models outperform models in which the context is represented as a bag-of-words in several semantic analysis tasks. This has been generally attributed to the fact that syntax-based models employ corpora that are syntactically annotated by a parser and a computational grammar. However, if the corpora processed contain words which are unknown to the parser and the grammar, a syntax-based model may lose its advantage since the syntactic properties of such words are unavailable. On the other hand, bag-of-words models do not face this issue since they operate on raw, non-annotated corpora and are thus more robust. In this paper, we compare the performance of syntax-based and bag-of-words models when applied to the task of learning the semantics of unknown words. In our experiments, unknown words are considered the words which are not known to the Alpino parser and grammar of Dutch. In our study, the semantics of an unknown word is defined by finding its most similar word incornetto, a Dutch lexico-semantic hierarchy. We show that for unknown words the syntax-based model performs worse than the bag-of-words approach. Furthermore, we show that if we first learn the syntactic properties of unknown words by an appropriate lexical acquisition method, then in fact the syntax-based model does outperform the bag-of-words approach. The conclusion we draw is that, for words unknown to a given grammar, a bag-of-words model is more robust than a syntax-based model. However, the combination of lexical acquisition and syntax-based semantic models is best suited for learning the semantics of unknown words.