bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors Affecting Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) Seedling Survival Rates
Authors: Maines Anastasia P. , Knochel David G. , Seastedt Timothy R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPredicting site vulnerability to nonnative plant establishment remains a difficult goal. Seedling survival is an important component of population dynamics and can affect the success of control strategies. Field manipulations allow potential causal mechanisms of site vulnerability to be evaluated under realistic environmental conditions. We conducted field studies to determine the effects of plant competition and differing precipitation regimes on spotted knapweed seedling survival. We also examined the effect of herbivory on rosette survival and growth. Seeds were sown into plots with vegetation intact or removed at three sites. Seeds were also sown into plots where plant competition and precipitation were manipulated in a factorial design at a single site. Field studies demonstrated that site accounted for much of the variation in emergence rate, while herbivory and plant competition affected seedling survival rates. We observed a wide range in emergence rates, with site averages ranging from 13.1 to 42.5%. Survival the following year ranged from 0.5 to 9.4% of sown seeds. Rosette survival was significantly higher when herbivores were excluded from plots. Below average precipitation reduced seedling survival; however, even with supplemental water, dry-down of exposed sites resulted in low seedling survival. Of the 8,000 seeds added to plots in one study, by autumn, only eight plants resulted, seven of which survived in watered plots with intact vegetation. Collectively, these results show that seedling survival is a critical phase in spotted knapweed population dynamics and can vary among habitats on the basis of plant competition and precipitation. Furthermore, herbivory affects all stages of the lifecycle from the seedling onward. The observed differences help explain the reported variability in seedling survival in the literature and inform efforts to control spotted knapweed using plant competition and biological controls.
Do Woody Plants Prevent the Establishment of Common Reed along Highways? Insights from Southern Quebec
Authors: Albert Arnaud , Brisson Jacques , Dubé Jean , Lavoie Claude 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe common reed (Phragmites australis) is one of the most invasive vascular plants in northeastern North America. A competitive genotype from Eurasia has recently invaded road and agricultural ditches, which facilitate the dispersal of the plant over long distances. However, large tracts of roadsides—apparently propitious for the establishment of the plant—are not invaded by the grass. We hypothesized that the absence of the invader is associated with physical and biological characteristics of roadsides. To test this hypothesis, we collected field data and developed two statistical models to explain the presence or absence of the common reed along a highway of southern Quebec highly invaded by the plant but with contrasting patterns of common reed distribution. The models explained 23 to 30% of the total variance and correctly predicted the presence or absence of common reed 71% of the time. The models suggest that a dense woody plant cover over a drainage ditch limits the establishment and/or expansion of the common reed, probably by competition for light and space. Also, shaded ditches are not subjected to a frequent maintenance, and are therefore less disturbed, probably further reducing common reed invasion because the germination of their seeds is less likely without soil disturbance. This study yields insights on the potential of woody plants for controlling the expansion of invasive grasses, and could help to justify the preservation of dense shrubs and tree hedges along right-of-ways.
A Pilot Study Examining the Awareness, Attitude, and Burden of Informal Caregivers of Patients With Dementia
Authors: Qadir Farah , Gulzar Wajiha , Haqqani Sabahat , Khalid Amna 
Published: December 2013

Pakistan is 1 of 5 countries with the highest projected increase in prevalence of dementia in the Asia Pacific region (Access Economic, 2006), where there is a lack of structured support network for caregivers in general and for dementia caregivers in specific. The caregivers and other related individuals predominantly rely on traditional familial support for caregiving. This approach places immense burdens on the familial caregivers (Shaji, 2009). In Pakistan, there is paucity of research evidence on care of patients with dementia and the needs of caregivers dealing with such patients. This study explores awareness among caregivers, their attitudes toward family members suffering from dementia, and their experience of burden. In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 caregivers of patients diagnosed with dementia in Rawalpindi/Islamabad, Pakistan. There was a considerable lack of awareness about dementia as an illness among the caregivers. They reported a conflict between emotional and religious commitments to nurture older adult relatives and their experience of psychological, physical, and economic burden, resulting in occasional episodes of carelessness and violence toward them. The study indicated that women, particularly those who were employed outside of the home, reported higher levels of stress. It is suggested that support from extended family in all forms was perceived as a concrete form of stress relief by the primary caregiver. The findings of this study indicate that the social and financial burden of dementia on families of caregivers in Pakistan may be exacerbated if they do not have support. This indicates a need for multipronged intervention from both government and nongovernment organizations, as well as the community, to develop programs for caregivers that are nested within the cultural context of filial piety in Pakistan. These strategies should also be gender sensitive, giving priority to more at-risk groups.
Use of lidocaine-bupivacaine–infused absorbable gelatin hemostatic sponges versus lidocaine-bupivacaine retrobulbar injections for postoperative analgesia following eye enucleation in dogs
Authors: Ploog Christina L. , Swinger Robert L. , Spade Julia , Quandt Kimberly M. , Mitchell Mark A. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Objective—To compare use of lidocaine-bupivacaine–infused absorbable gelatin hemostatic sponges versus lidocaine-bupivacaine retrobulbar injections for postoperative analgesia in dogs following eye enucleation.
Design—Randomized case-control study.
Animals—19 dogs that underwent eye enucleation.
Procedures—19 client-owned dogs admitted to a referral hospital for routine eye enucleation were enrolled with owner consent and randomly assigned to receive an orbital absorbable gelatin hemostatic sponge infused with lidocaine and bupivacaine after globe removal (n = 8) or retrobulbar injection of lidocaine and bupivacaine before globe removal (11). Baseline pain scores were recorded on the basis of an ordinal pain scale. Anesthetic premedication consisted of hydromorphone, midazolam, and glycopyrrolate. Propofol was used for anesthetic induction and isoflurane for maintenance. A transpalpebral eye enucleation was performed by a board-certified ophthalmologist. Pain scores and heart rate were again recorded 15 and 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 24 hours after extubation by trained observers masked to treatment groups. Dogs were given hydromorphone as rescue analgesia if the total pain score was ≥ 9 of 18 or any categorical pain score was ≥ 3 (on a scale from 0 to 3 or 0 to 4).
Results—There were significant differences over time for comfort level, response to touch, behavior, heart rate, and total pain score; however, there was no difference between treatment groups. One dog in the absorbable gelatin hemostatic sponge group required rescue hydromorphone 4 hours after surgery.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The absorbable gelatin hemostatic sponge proved to be as effective in providing local analgesia for eye enucleation in dogs as the retrobulbar injections.
Strategies for Assignment of HIV-HCV Genotype-1-Coinfected Patients to Either Dual-Therapy or Direct-Acting Antiviral Agent-Based Triple-Therapy
Authors: Mandorfer Mattias , Neukam Karin , Rivero Antonio , Puoti Massimo , Boesecke Christoph , Baumgarten Axel , Grzeszczuk Anna , Zangerle Robert , Ernst Diana , Rockstroh Jürgen Kurt , Trauner Michael , Pineda Juan Antonio , Peck-Radosavljevic Markus , Reiberger Thomas 
Published: December 2013

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate strategies for assignment of HIV–HCV genotype-1-coinfected patients (HIV–HCV-GT1) to either dual-therapy or direct-acting antiviral agent (DAA)-based triple-therapy. Methods A total of 148 treatment-naive HIV–HCV-GT1 who received antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon/ ribavirin were included in this multinational, retrospective analysis. Patients with rapid virological response (RVR) were treated for 48 weeks, while patients without RVR received either 48 or 72 weeks of treatment. IL28B rs12979860 (IL28B) non-C/C, advanced liver fibrosis and high HCV RNA were considered as established risk factors for treatment failure. Results A trend toward higher sustained virological response (SVR) rates in patients with IL28B C/C (65% [37/57] versus 51% [40/79]; P=0.097) was observed. Higher SVR rates were observed in patients without advanced liver fibrosis (61% [47/77] versus 42% [22/52]); P=0.036) and without high HCV RNA (73% [35/48] versus 49% [49/100]; P=0.006), as well as in patients with RVR (90% [35/39] versus 45% [49/109]; P<0.001). SVR rates varied statistically significantly between the risk factors for treatment failure subgroups (86% [6/7] versus 69% [34/49] versus 48% [21/44] versus 20% [4/20] for zero, one, two and three risk factors, respectively; P<0.001). In patients without RVR, higher rates of SVR were observed in those treated for 72 weeks (62% [23/37]), when compared to patients treated for 48 weeks (36% [26/72]; P=0.01). Conclusions RVR had an excellent positive predictive value for the response to dual-therapy in HIV–HCV-GT1, emphasizing the utility of a lead-in phase for assigning these patients to dual-therapy or DAA-based triple-therapy. The use of an IL28B-guided approach was suboptimal, while a combination of established baseline predictors may provide guidance for individual treatment decisions prior to the initiation of antiviral therapy. However, the extension of treatment duration to 72 weeks in HIV–HCV-GT1 without RVR should be strongly considered if triple-therapy is not available.
Chronic Hepatitis B Monitoring and Treatment Patterns in Five European Countries with Different Access and Reimbursement Policies
Authors: Arama Victoria , Leblebicioglu Hakan , Simon Krzysztof , Zarski Jean Pierre , Niederau Claus , Habersetzer François , Vermehren Johannes , Bludzin Wieslawa , Jinga Mariana , Ulusoy Sercan , Klauck Isabelle , Morais Edith , Bjork Stefan , Lescrauwaet Benedicte , Kamar Driss , Zeuzem Stefan ,   the AI463-121 European Longitudinal Chronic Hepatitis B Study Group, Marcellin Patrick , Botta-Fridlund Danielle , Pol Stanislas , Maynard Marianne , Habersetzer François , Causse Xavier , Alric Laurent , Simo Noumbissie Pauline , Mauss Stefan , Gerken Guido , Goeser Tobias , Wiese Manfred , Busch Heiner , Schneider Lothar , Schubert Jens , Brenner Meike , Scheffrahn Inka , Dziambor Andrzej , Goryszewski Dariusz , Postawa-Klosinska Barbara , Sieklucki Jerzy , Pleśniak Robert , Acalovschi Monica , Tanasescu Coman , Raducan Lucian , Sporea Ioan , Voiculescu Mihai , Chira Olimpia , Stefan Arama Sorin , Andreea Radulescu Mihaela , Nicolau Adriana , Nitescu Doina , Munteanu Daniela Ioana , Nanu Andrei , Dan Isabel , Nicolita Diana , Ionescu Camelia , Ecobici Monica , Micu Gina , Irinel Parepa Raluca , Suceveanu Andra , Usluer Gaye , Baskol Mevlut , Ozaras Resat , Esen Saban , Kartal Elif Doyuk , Yamazhan Tansu 
Published: December 2013

Background In Europe, health-care policies are determined at a national level and differ between countries. This analysis from a prospective, longitudinal, non-interventional study aimed to describe patterns in the clinical monitoring and treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in five European countries. Methods Country-specific cohorts of adult patients with compensated CHB managed in clinics in Germany, France, Poland, Romania and Turkey were followed for up to 2 years between March 2008 and December 2010. Results A total of 1,267 patients were included. Baseline age and gender distribution were similar across countries for patients who were treated ( n=567) and untreated ( n=700) at baseline. Most treated patients were receiving monotherapy at baseline, most frequently with entecavir or tenofovir in Germany, France and Turkey, and with lamivudine in Poland and Romania. Use of pegylated interferon was more frequent in Poland and Romania than in other countries. In Romania monotherapy with entecavir increased after it became reimbursed in 2008. Hospitalizations during follow-up were more frequent in Romania (1.45 hospital days/patient-year) and Poland (1.81 days/patient-year) than in Turkey, France and Germany (0.00, 0.05 and 0.10 days/patient-year, respectively); clinic visits were more frequent in Poland (3.20 versus 0.30–1.78 visits/patient-year across other countries). Conclusions These results illustrate country-specific patterns in the management of CHB patients across Europe. Observed monitoring patterns, hospitalization rates and other health-care utilization may be related to cost and reimbursement issues; however, further study in individual countries would be required to con-firm these (post hoc) observations.
Globale, connectée ou transnationale : les échelles de l'histoire
Authors: Minard Philippe 
Published: December 2013

Le décentrement de l’histoire a permis de s’éloigner du « grand récit » de la domination occidentale du monde et de prendre en compte des sujets dépassant les frontières nationales. Mais l’histoire globale tend parfois à réintroduire un biais téléologique, présentant la mondialisation comme un phénomène inévitable.
Cologne. 1973. « Terreur turque » ou grève d'usine ?
Authors: Corteel Delphine 
Published: December 2013

En 1973, en Allemagne, une vague de grèves déclenchée dans les usines métallurgiques s’affranchit du cadre légal allemand qui fait de l’usine un lieu dé-conflictualisé. Ces grèves introduisent une rupture dans le schéma des relations industrielles allemandes. Celle menée dans l’usine Ford de Cologne a ceci de particulier que la critique de la mobilisation prit la forme d’attaques racistes.
La trahison d'Edward O. Wilson
Authors: Servigne Pablo 
Published: December 2013

Le père fondateur de la sociobiologie, Edward O. Wilson, vient de « retourner » la théorie en inversant l’hypothèse de base. L’origine de la socialité ne serait plus génétique mais écologique ! Le choc est rude : plusieurs générations de sociobiologistes sont furieux et ne peuvent rien contre la puissance médiatique et scientifique d’E. O. Wilson. Voici l’histoire d’un paradoxe, d’une trahison et d’un changement de paradigme.
Le cyborg : vers une mutation anthropologique ?
Authors: Borel Simon 
Published: December 2013

Cet article interroge la montée en puissance des utopies posthumanistes et des technologies cyborgs. Leurs projets de performation illimitée des possibilités individuelles posent la question du dépassement de l’humanité. Faut-il l’interpréter comme la victoire positive de la culture sur la nature ou comme la réification totale de l’homme et de la nature devenant les objets de la technique ? En tout cas, l’utopie (concrète) cyborg est synonyme d’une véritable mutation anthropologique. Moins qu’à une impossible maîtrise absolue de l’homme sur la/sa nature, elle pourrait conduire l’humanité à un processus inédit de dépossession et d’aliénation.
Les données sur la nature entre rationalisation et passion
Authors: Alphandéry Pierre , Fortier Agnès 
Published: December 2013

La nature est aujourd’hui inséparable d’équipements qui l’auscultent, la découpent en composantes, la quantifient, la qualifient, la mettent en réseau. Au nom de la défense du vivant, se déploient des instruments et des dispositifs utilisant une grande masse d’informations issues de la multiplication des banques de données portant sur la nature. Cette dynamique marque profondément le fonctionnement des associations naturalistes, principales structures productrices des données en France. Mais quels que soient les efforts de rationalisation entrepris depuis plusieurs décennies, la production des données reste fortement marquée par les valeurs et le rapport à la nature de ceux qui en assurent la collecte. Nous montrons que cette production de données relève de deux registres de rapports à la nature : le premier se présente de manière objectiviste, privilégiant les considérations scientifiques et gestionnaires, et le second, plus subjectiviste, est fondé sur la proximité, la familiarité, les savoirs non scientifiques, etc. Ceci fait des données naturalistes un objet complexe en tension.
De la nature des « paiements pour services environnementaux »
Authors: Karsenty Alain 
Published: December 2013

Les paiements pour services environnementaux (PSE) sont des instruments fondés sur l’incitation monétaire pour des objectifs de conservation de la nature. Si les services écosystémiques sont définis comme les bienfaits que la nature prodigue aux hommes, les services environnementaux – au cœur des PSE – doivent être compris comme des services que les gens se rendent entre eux à propos de la nature. Si certains veulent voir dans les PSE des « instruments de marchandisation de la nature », en pratique les PSE consistent généralement à payer des usagers pour qu’ils suspendent certains de leurs droits d’usage, légalement reconnus ou non, sans transfert de ces droits et sans recours au marché. D’autres PSE rémunèrent les propriétaires pour qu’ils améliorent la qualité environnementale de leurs terres. Le principal problème potentiel, avec les PSE, est qu’ils peuvent inciter les usagers à se comporter en créanciers menaçants et ruiner tout espoir de conservation désintéressée de la nature.
Ressource naturelle ou service écologique gratuit ? Ce que l'eau nous donne
Authors: Pierron Jean-Philippe 
Published: December 2013

Qu’est-ce que l’eau ? n’est pas une question qui porte sur sa composition et demanderait : De quoi est-elle faite ? Ce n’est pas non plus une question portant sur ses seuls usages : De l’eau, que pouvons-nous faire ? Elle interroge notre disposition, à nous, qui nous étonnons d’être vivants sur la Terre, à envisager le sens d’une appartenance, et à nous demander : Qu’est-ce qu’elle nous donne ? Il ne s’agit pas de se demander si l’eau nous appartient, mais en quel sens nous nourrissons avec elle des appartenances.
Interprétation théorique de l'exhibitionnisme sur Facebook : Lipovetsky, Goffman, Beck et Maffesoli
Authors: Choi Hang-sub 
Published: December 2013

Pour Goffman, la vie quotidienne montrée sur Facebook est semblable à une scène de théâtre où l’individu opère une performance devant les autres. Lipovetsky explique que cet individualisme hédoniste se manifeste sous plusieurs formes dans le comportement de l’individu sur Facebook. Beck insiste que l’individu devient obsédé de renouveler toujours cette « identité factice ». Pour Maffesoli, la saturation de l’individualité a entraîné le déclin de l’individualisme. La socialité est fondée sur la reliance émotionnelle que l’on peut souvent observer dans l’échange de messages sur Facebook
Association of B12 deficiency and clinical neuropathy with metformin use in type 2 diabetes patients
Authors: Singh AK , Kumar A , Karmakar D , Jha RK 
Published: December 2013

Context:
Long-term metformin use has been hypothesized to cause B12 deficiency and neuropathy in Type 2 diabetes patients. However, there is a paucity of Indian data regarding the same. Aim: To compare the prevalence of B12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with or without metformin.

Materials and Methods:
We recruited patients with Type 2 diabetes and divided them into metformin exposed and nonmetformin exposed groups. We measured baseline demographic variables like age, sex, vegetarian status, and HbA1c levels in both groups. We compared vitamin B12 levels and severity of peripheral neuropathy (using Toronto Clinical Scoring System (TCSS)) in both groups. Definite B12 deficiency was defined as B12 <150 pg/ml and possible B12 deficiency as <220 pg/ml. The difference in vitamin B12 levels and TCSS was calculated in both groups using independent samples t-test. Spearman's rank correlation between cumulative metformin use and B12 level was calculated. Odds ratio of vitamin B12 deficiency in metformin exposed group was also estimated.

Results:
Mean serum B12 levels was significantly lower in metformin exposed group (n=84) compared with nonmetformin exposed group (n=52) (410±230.7 versus 549.2±244.7, P=0.0011). Mean neuropathy score was significantly higher in metformin exposed group. (5.72±2.04 versus 4.62±2.12, P=0.0064). Odds ratio for possible B12 deficiency was 4.45 (95% CI 1.24-15.97). There was significant negative correlation between cumulative metformin dose and vitamin B12 level (r=−0.68, P<0.0001).

Conclusion:
Metformin use is associated with vitamin B12 deficiency and clinical neuropathy in Type 2 diabetes patients.
Does first line antiretroviral therapy increase the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Indian patients?
Authors: Carey RAB , Rupali P , Abraham OC , Kattula D 
Published: December 2013

Context:
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is associated with a myriad of metabolic complications which are potential cardiovascular risk factors. Early detection of these risk factors could help in alleviating morbidity and mortality in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients on ART.

Aims:
To study the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients on a combination of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-NRTIs (NNRTIs) - the standard combination first line ART regimen used in tertiary referral center.

Settings and Design:
The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in HIV infected subjects with stage 1t disease on standard first line ART for at least 1 year, HIV infected subjects with stage 1 disease and not on ART and HIV negative subjects was assessed. The study was a cross-sectional study design.

Materials and Methods:
Basic demographic data was collected and patients were examined for anthropometric data and blood was collected for analysis of blood glucose, serum lipids, and fasting insulin levels. Statistical Analysis: Chi-square test was used to calculate significance. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0 was used for data analysis.

Results:
The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia was higher in the patients on ART when compared to patients not on ART (P<0.001). There was no difference in the prevalence of abnormal glycemic status, obesity, abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia between patients on ART and those not on ART.

Conclusions:
First line ART is associated with increased prevalence of dyslipidemia. Early detection and treatment of dyslipidemia should help in reducing the cardiovascular morbidity in patients on ART.