bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dating the Anthropocene: Towards an empirical global history of human transformation of the terrestrial biosphere
Authors: Ellis Erle C. , Fuller Dorian Q. , Kaplan Jed O. , Lutters Wayne G. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Human use of land is a major cause of the global environmental changes that define the Anthropocene. Archaeological and paleoecological evidence confirm that human populations and their use of land transformed ecosystems at sites around the world by the late Pleistocene and historical models indicate this transformation may have reached globally significant levels more than 3000 years ago. Yet these data in themselves remain insufficient to conclusively date the emergence of land use as a global force transforming the biosphere, with plausible dates ranging from the late Pleistocene to AD 1800. Conclusive empirical dating of human transformation of the terrestrial biosphere will require unprecedented levels of investment in sustained interdisciplinary collaboration and the development of a geospatial cyberinfrastructure to collate and integrate the field observations of archaeologists, paleoecologists, paleoenvironmental scientists, environmental historians, geoscientists, geographers and other human and environmental scientists globally from the Pleistocene to the present. Existing field observations may yet prove insufficient in terms of their spatial and temporal coverage, but by assessing these observations within a spatially explicit statistically robust global framework, major observational gaps can be identified, stimulating data gathering in underrepresented regions and time periods. Like the Anthropocene itself, building scientific understanding of the human role in shaping the biosphere requires both sustained effort and leveraging the most powerful social systems and technologies ever developed on this planet.
Community Household Income and Resource Utilization for Common Inpatient Pediatric Conditions
Authors: Fieldston Evan S. , Zaniletti Isabella , Hall Matthew , Colvin Jeffrey D. , Gottlieb Laura , Macy Michelle L. , Alpern Elizabeth R. , Morse Rustin B. , Hain Paul D. , Sills Marion R. , Frank Gary , Shah Samir S. 
Published: November 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Child health is influenced by biomedical and socioeconomic factors. Few studies have explored the relationship between community-level income and inpatient resource utilization for children. Our objective was to analyze inpatient costs for children hospitalized with common conditions in relation to zip code-based median annual household income (HHI).METHODS:Retrospective national cohort from 32 freestanding children’s hospitals for asthma, diabetes, bronchiolitis and respiratory syncytial virus, pneumonia, and kidney and urinary tract infections. Standardized cost of care for individual hospitalizations and across hospitalizations for the same patient and condition were modeled by using mixed-effects methods, adjusting for severity of illness, age, gender, and race. Main exposure was median annual HHI. Posthoc tests compared adjusted standardized costs for patients from the lowest and highest income groups.RESULTS:From 116 636 hospitalizations, 4 of 5 conditions had differences at the hospitalization and at the patient level, with lowest-income groups having higher costs. The individual hospitalization level cost differences ranged from $187 (4.1%) to $404 (6.4%). Patient-level cost differences ranged from $310 to $1087 or 6.5% to 15% higher for the lowest-income patients. Higher costs were typically not for laboratory, imaging, or pharmacy costs. In total, patients from lowest income zip codes had $8.4 million more in hospitalization-level costs and $13.6 million more in patient-level costs.CONCLUSIONS:Lower community-level HHI is associated with higher inpatient costs of care for 4 of 5 common pediatric conditions. These findings highlight the need to consider socioeconomic status in health care system design, delivery, and reimbursement calculations.
Finding Suitable Acid for Acidizing of Low Permeable Sandstone Formation: A Research
Authors: Shafiq Mian Umer , Talib Shuker Muhannad 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
As more technologies to enhance oil production recovery are being developed, well stimulation has been introduced and it acts as one of the important roles to fulfil the demand of world for energy. Well stimulation is a well intervention performed on an oil or gas well to increase production by improving the flow of hydrocarbons from the drainage area into the well bore. Well stimulation generally uses fluids which create or enlarge the flow channels of formation so that it can overcome low permeability of formation. A most common and one of the most successful well stimulation is matrix acidizing. In matrix acidizing, acids are injected at matrix pressure below formation fracturing pressure. The permeability of formation will be increased either by removing the pore-plugging materials in the formation or by creating new or enlarged flow paths in the rock depending on the formation and acid types. The right type of acid or combination of acids must be used to remove the damage. Thus, careful acid choice and treatment design are critical for a successful matrix acidizing.
This paper presents the results of laboratory investigation of different acid combinations: HF/HCl, HF/HCOOH, HF/H3PO4, HBF4/HCl and HBF4/HCOOH. Hydrofluoric acid and fluoboric acid are used to dissolve clays and feldspar, while hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and formic acid are added to control the speed of reaction to allow the maximum acid to penetrate the core sample and also act as a buffer to maintain pH of the solution. Different tests have been performed on the core samples before and after the acidizing to do the comparative study. The results analyzed are permeability, porosity, color change, strength and mineralogy. Most of the new combinations used in this research showed better results than mud acid. But overall it is clear that in coming future lot of work can be done on sandstone acidizing prospects.
Increasing the Profits and Production of Mature Fields through Optimized Jet Pump Design & Operational Considerations - A Case Study
Authors: Ahmed Sheraz , Farouque Khurram , Saleem Sheikh Yasir , Ali Sharafat , Ahmad Manzoor , Ahmed Mehtab 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT
Economics changed dramatically in the last quarter of 2008 affecting investment decisions on major E&P activities. In this challenging economic climate, operators realize the value of maximizing production and recovery by employing production enhancement technologies developed and matured through the years. This paper signifies one of the most imperative and efficient methods of achieving this goal with a nominal amount of Capital investment.
Jet pumping technologies have been applied at home for more than 20 years, and also possess a very distinctive advantage comparing with other types of lift. It has no moveable parts and depends only upon the energy transformation between the power fluid and the well fluid to lift it to the surface. Moreover, with the passage of time, many new methods and designs of Jet Pumps have also been developed to enhance the production further from existing wells.
The aim of this paper is to illustrate the optimization of a variety of Operational considerations and surface parameters, for maximizing the productivity of a field through Jet Pumping systems. These include vessel pressure, injection parameters & effect of flow restrictions, Horse-Power requirement and the Nozzle-throat combination required for an efficient jet pump operation based on the true potential of the reservoir.
This paper also includes several optimized Jet Pump designs & surface considerations that can further contribute to production enhancement of a mature producing oil field. It involves the matching of jet pump performance curves with PI/IPR of the well, evaluation of the pump design using JEMS and the Gains attained in different wells with the least amount of effort, along with all the lessons learnt for further improvements in detail.
Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, Carbohydrates, and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Greenwood Darren C. , Threapleton Diane E. , Evans Charlotte E.L. , Cleghorn Christine L. , Nykjaer Camilla , Woodhead Charlotte , Burley Victoria J. 
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE
Diets with high glycemic index (GI), with high glycemic load (GL), or high in all carbohydrates may predispose to higher blood glucose and insulin concentrations, glucose intolerance, and risk of type 2 diabetes. We aimed to conduct a systematic literature review and dose–response meta-analysis of evidence from prospective cohorts.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, MEDLINE in-process, Embase, CAB Abstracts, ISI Web of Science, and BIOSIS for prospective studies of GI, GL, and total carbohydrates in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes up to 17 July 2012. Data were extracted from 24 publications on 21 cohort studies. Studies using different exposure categories were combined on the same scale using linear and nonlinear dose–response trends. Summary relative risks (RRs) were estimated using random-effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS
The summary RR was 1.08 per 5 GI units (95% CI 1.02–1.15; P = 0.01), 1.03 per 20 GL units (95% CI 1.00–1.05; P = 0.02), and 0.97 per 50 g/day of carbohydrate (95% CI 0.90–1.06; P = 0.5). Dose–response trends were linear for GI and GL but more complex for total carbohydrate intake. Heterogeneity was high for all exposures (I2 &gt;50%), partly accounted for by different covariate adjustment and length of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS
Included studies were observational and should be interpreted cautiously. However, our findings are consistent with protective effects of low dietary GI and GL, quantifying the range of intakes associated with lower risk. Future research could focus on the type of sugars and other carbohydrates associated with greatest risk.
Adsorption studies and release of selected dyes from functionalized mesoporous MCM-41 silica
Authors: Lewandowski Dawid , Olejnik Anna , Schroeder Grzegorz 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Functionalized mesoporous MCM-41 silica was subjected to adsorption and release studies of encapsulated guest molecules of three chosen dyes. These mesoporous systems were composed of three different capping reagents introduced by grafting method on the silica surface to control the release of dye molecules at two different pH values. The amounts of dyes adsorbed on the silica surface were measured using ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometry. The efficiency of grafting was calculated on the basis of differential thermal analysis (TG) results and elemental analysis. The release profiles were determined for all obtained systems using USP Dissolution Apparatus 2. Adsorption of the two azo dyes used was the most efficient after the positively charged functionalization and lower after functionalization with neutral and negatively charged capping reagents, while the phthalocyanine dye adsorption was almost functionalization-independent. Grafting efficiency was the highest for neutral capping reagent and much lower for electrically charged molecules of other reagents. Release studies showed clearly that desorption was pH-dependent for azo dyes and pH independent for Alcian Blue. The adsorption and release seem to be connected with the electrical charge of all constituents of these systems. Results obtained can be used for further analysis of different electrically charged molecules.
Erratum to: “Current uses and trends in catalytic isomerization, alkylation and etherification processes to improve gasoline quality”
Authors: Hidalgo José , Zbuzek Michal , Černý Radek , Jíša Petr 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The original version of the article was published in Cent. Eur. J. Chem. 12(1) (2014) pp. 1–13. Unfortunately, the original version of this article contains some mistakes in the text:
The caption of Figure 7. A fixed bed unit converted to the UOP Par-Isom Process™Par Isom Process should be written as Par-Isom Process™everywhere in the text LCC should be written as LLC
The synthesis, structure and physical properties of lanthanide(III) complexes with nicotinic acid
Authors: Hojnik Nuša , Kristl Matjaž , Golobič Amalija , Jagličić Zvonko , Drofenik Miha 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This article reports the synthesis of novel, rare-earth coordination complexes with nicotinic acid. Three compounds with the general formula Ln2[(C5H4NCOO)6(H2O)4] (Ln = Yb, 1; Ln = Gd, 2; Ln = Nd, 3) were prepared from relatively cheap and readily available reactants. Their compositions and structure were characterized by IR spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The magnetic and thermogravimetric properties were also studied. The complexes consist of centrosymetric, dimeric molecules having all six nicotinato ligands coordinated with the central atom in the bidentate mode. The coordination environment of the Ln3+ for all three compounds is 8. Here we describe the crystal structure of Yb and Gd complexes with nicotinic acid.
Silica synthesis by the sol-gel method and its use in the preparation of multifunctional biocomposites
Authors: Klapiszewski Łukasz , Królak Michał , Jesionowski Teofil 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
This study focuses on the optimization process of silica synthesis using the sol-gel method while applying a statistical design of experiments which was based on a multilevel mathematical model. The product obtained in the process of optimized synthesis, characterized by the best dispersive and morphological parameters, was used for the preparation of organic/inorganic composites. The organic precursor was Kraft lignin, a high-molecular natural polymer. Synthesis of silica/lignin biocomposites was carried out by three proposed methods. The physicochemical properties and dispersive-morphological properties of each product were determined using the following available methods: Scanning Electron Microscopy — SEM, Non-Invasive Back-Scattering — NIBS, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy — FT-IR, Thermogravimetric analysis — TG and others. The electrokinetic and thermal properties of the biocomposites sufficed to be applied for example, as a cheap and biodegradable polymer filler. Further areas of application of these composites were sought, especially in electrochemistry as the advanced electrode materials.
Devenir mère, dire sa maternité [Socialisations et émotions invisibilisées de la maternité en Finlande]
Authors: Martiskainen Heini 
Published: November 2013

Becoming a mother : Narratives of motherhood. Invisibilised socialisation and emotions of motherhood.
This article explores the socialisation mechanisms which contribute to shaping the experience of motherhood. Biographical interviews conducted among ‘ young’ mothers in Finland are used to analyse the narratives of motherly experiences and highlight the processes by which the difficulties experienced after birth are avoided in interpersonal relationships. The normativities and identity challenges which are expressed in these narratives render the requirements of contemporary parenthood socially invisible at a time when interpersonal relationships are breaking up and new family norms are emerging. As a consequence, it is difficult to share the experiences of motherhood between inexperienced individuals, as well as between practitioners and parents, and more generally speaking, in the public sphere.
3D ultrasonography is as accurate as low-dose CT in thyroid volumetry
Authors: Licht K. , Darr A. , Opfermann T. , Winkens T. , Freesmeyer M. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryAim: The purpose of this study was to compare thyroid volumetry by three-dimensional mechanically swept ultrasonography (3DmsUS) and low-dose computed tomography (ldCT). Patients, methods: 30 subjects referred for radioiodine therapy of benign thyroid diseases were subjected to 3DmsUS and ldCT. A prerequisite of 3DmsUS analyses was that the scans had to capture the entire thyroid, excluding therefore cases with a very large volume or retrosternal portions. The 3DmsUS data were transformed into a DICOM format, and volumetry calculations were performed via a multimodal workstation equipped with standard software for cross-sectional imaging. Volume was calculated applying both the ellipsoid model and a manually tracing method. Statistical analyses included 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the means and limits of agreement according to Bland and Altman, the latter including 95% of all expected values. Results: Volumetric measurements by 3DmsUS and ldCT resulted in very high, significant correlation coefficients, r = 0.997 using the ellipsoid model and r = 0.993 with the manually tracing method. The mean relative differences of the two imaging modalities proved very small (−1.2±4.0% [95% CI −2.62; 0.28] using the ellipsoid model; −1.1±5.2% [95% CI −2.93; 0.80] using the manually tracing method) and the limits of agreement sufficiently narrow (−9.1% to 6.8%; −11.3% to 9.2%, respectively). Conclusion: For moderately enlarged thyroids, volumetry with 3DmsUS proved comparable to that of ldCT, irrespective of whether the ellipsoid model or the manually tracing method was applied. Thus, 3DmsUS qualifies as a potential alternative to ldCT, provided that the organ is completely accessible. The use of a standard workstation for cross-sectional imaging with routine software did not prove problematic.
Enfant perdu entre pères et mères
Authors: Veuillet-Combier Claudine 
Published: November 2013

L’enfant adopté est aux prises avec une situation qui, en croisant filiation biologique et filiation adoptive, convoque un double réseau de parentalité. Comment s’organise alors sur le plan imaginaire le dialogue entre ces figures parentales plurielles ? Plus précisément : entre « pères » et « mères » comment l’enfant adopté peut-il traiter la question des origines et construire son roman familial ? L’exemple clinique de Léa nous permet de comprendre comment, lorsque l’histoire vécue devient racontable, elle permet la conciliation des figures parentales multiples et permet de renouer avec un principe de continuité fondateur de l’identité.
L'envers de la normalité
Authors: Koren Daniel 
Published: November 2013

Les normes et la « normalité » interpellent la psychanalyse en tant que celle-ci participe du régime général des discours. Comme Foucault l’a clairement établi, elles participent d’une logique du pouvoir. Dès lors, si les normes interpellent les pratiques « psys » avec des visées normatives, la psychanalyse démontre que celles-ci sont la mise en action des signifiants-maîtres du discours du maître. La psychanalyse se situe à l’envers de la normalité, laquelle passe non pas par l’option normalité-anormalité mais par la mise en lumière des signifiants-maîtres auxquels le sujet est aliéné.
« Da vicino nessuno è normale »
Authors: Faugeras Patrick 
Published: November 2013

Quels qu’auront été les aléas de l’histoire, le psychiatre Franco Basaglia n’aurait probablement en rien souscrit à l’aporie sur le tranchant de laquelle les pratiques psychiatriques ne pouvaient qu’user leurs forces si l’on en croit le philosophe Henry Maldiney. La psychiatrie en effet, écrivait le philosophe, ne pouvait qu’osciller entre « normaliser le pathologique » (il visait assurément ainsi certaines menées antipsychiatriques), et « pathologiser le normal » (il devait alors penser aux expériences sectorielles françaises). Le cheminement du psychiatre Franco Basaglia, dont la pensée et la pratique furent, en France, décriées ou soutenues de façon souvent caricaturale, parce que interprétées à l’aune des enjeux nationaux, pourrait être autrement envisagé, et ainsi certaines apories levées, si l’on prenait pleinement en considération ce qu’il déclarait, peu avant sa mort, dans les conférences brésiliennes : « Faire de la psychiatrie, c’est faire de la politique. » Il ne serait peut-être pas si étrange que cela, alors que cette déclaration fut reçue dès sa profération comme un déni de toute thérapeutique, de l’entendre justement comme ce qui en constitue l’essence et la condition de possibilité.
« Cet enfant, mais qu'est-ce que c'est ? ». Le cas Ernesto, un enfant durassien
Authors: Diener Yann 
Published: November 2013

En passant par une lecture de La pluie d’été de Marguerite Duras et du dernier livre de François Meyronnis, Tout autre. Une confession , dans lequel l’écrivain raconte avec une grande précision son enfance hors normes scolaires ainsi que son rapport à l’espace, je rappellerai comment Lacan a critiqué les idées de langage égocentrique et de sujet épistémique chères à Jean Piaget, des idées qui ont malheureusement encore largement cours, y compris chez lesdits « psychanalystes d’enfants ».
Rives et dérive
Authors: Maurer Lise 
Published: November 2013

Cet essai se propose, à partir de la découverte des ex-voto, peints sur bois, exposés au musée de la Marine de Venise, de faire retour à un surprenant ex-voto représenté dans l’ultime tableau inachevé du Titien, une pieta , qui leur est contemporain en ce xvi e siècle. Et, au cours d’une balade au fil des temps – des ex-voto organes ou peints – d’interroger demande et parole donnée. Leur mise en jeu n’est-elle pas témoin du rapport de l’homme à sa finitude, d’une époque, de ses modes de pensée, et du regard à l’œuvre ?
De la calligraphie chinoise à l'écriture du nœud borroméen
Authors: Scherrer Ferdinand 
Published: November 2013

J. Lacan ouvre la leçon du 9 février 1972 du séminaire ...ou pire par la calligraphie au tableau d’une phrase chinoise et il termine cette séance de façon inattendue par l’écriture du nœud borroméen. Ce sera là sa dernière référence au chinois et la première occurrence du nœud borroméen. Je tente ici d’étayer l’hypothèse qu’avec le nœud borroméen, Lacan a enfin trouvé une calligraphie à sa main, une écriture de la rature, de la béance, du trou, bref une « opétique », une logique du trou au fondement de toute logique. Le nœud borroméen est une mathématique poétique et une topologie habitée par le trou du sujet. Le nœud borroméen n’est pas une théorie mais un agir métaphorique, une poësis . Il est une rencontre de Lacan, puis son invention, son sinthome à l’instar de l’écriture pour Joyce. Il relève de son style éminemment singulier, donc inimitable. Le nœud borroméen est le poème et la poémisation de Lacan.
Agir sur les conditions de travail pour maintenir les seniors en emploi
Authors: Poilpot-Rocaboy Gwénaëlle , Pijoan Natacha , Chevance Alain 
Published: November 2013

Dans un contexte d’imposition par la Loi d’un maintien des seniors en emploi, nous questionnons ici les conditions de ce maintien puis évaluons si les politiques des entreprises formalisées dans leurs accords et plans sont susceptibles d’aller dans ce sens. Notre objectif est alors, premièrement, de repérer si les actions visant l’amélioration des conditions de travail sont identifiées dans la littérature comme des déterminants du maintien en emploi des seniors. L’analyse des travaux de recherche nous permet ainsi de proposer un cadre conceptuel nouveau distinguant la volonté des acteurs (le « vouloir ») de la capacité des salariés à rester en emploi (le « pouvoir »). Nous souhaitons, deuxièmement, interroger la place réservée aux conditions de travail en étudiant les intentions d’actions dans ce domaine dans 126 accords et plans seniors (APAS). Cette analyse, basée sur la cartographie cognitive, fait d’une part, émerger trois catégories d’actions liées à l’amélioration des conditions de travail : le développement d’une culture de prévention, la réalisation de diagnostic au travail, la proposition d’aménagements. Elle permet, d’autre part, de structurer les finalités cherchées par ces actions et d’expliquer le maintien dans l’emploi par une combinaison du « pouvoir » et du « vouloir » maintenir des seniors en emploi.