bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperdry human amniotic membrane is useful material for tissue engineering: Physical, morphological properties, and safety as the new biological material
Authors: Okabe Motonori , Kitagawa Kiyotaka , Yoshida Toshiko , Suzuki Takuma , Waki Hiroki , Koike Chika , Furuichi Etsuko , Katou Kiyoshi , Nomura Yoshihiro , Uji Yoshinori , Hayashi Atsushi , Saito Shigeru , Nikaido Toshio 
Published: April 2013

AbstractHuman amniotic membrane (AM) has been used widely as graft biomaterial for a variety of clinical applications. But, there are some persistent problems related to the preparation, storage, and sterilization. To resolve these problems, we developed hyperdry AM (HD‐AM) using far‐infrared rays, depression of air, and microwaves and then sterilized by γ‐ray irradiation. To elucidate the benefit of HD‐AM as biological materials, compare with the physical and histological properties of HD‐AM with a freeze‐dried AM (FD‐AM) as typical freeze‐dried methods, evaluate the safety of HD‐AM in vivo experiment used nude mice, and demonstrate the feasibility of HD‐AM transplant in pterygium. The water permeability and the sieving coefficient of HD‐AM were significantly lower than that of FD‐AM. HD‐AM has kept the morphological structure of epithelium and connective tissues. At 18 months after transplanted, single and multilayers of HD‐AM in the intraperitoneal cavity was degraded without any infiltrated cells. For clinical treatment, recurrence of pterygium and regrowth of the subconjunctival fibrosis were not observed during the 6‐month follow‐up periods after the surgery. It was proposed that HD‐AM was a safe and effective new biological material for clinical use including treatment for recurrent pterygium. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 862–870, 2014.
Gelation and biocompatibility of injectable alginate–calcium phosphate gels for bone regeneration
Authors: Alves Cardoso D. , van den Beucken J. J. J. P. , Both L. L. H. , Bender J. , Jansen J. A. , Leeuwenburgh S. C. G. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn emerging approach toward development of injectable, self‐setting, and fully biodegradable bone substitutes involves the combination of injectable hydrogel matrices with a dispersed phase consisting of nanosized calcium phosphate particles. Here, novel injectable composites for bone regeneration have been developed based on the combination of ultrapure alginate as the matrix phase, crystalline CaP [monetite and poorly crystalline hydroxyapatite (HA)] powders as both a dispersed mineral phase and a source of calcium for cross‐linking alginate, glucono‐delta‐lactone (GDL) as acidifier and glycerol as both plasticizer and temporary sequestrant. The composites were maximized with respect to CaP content to obtain the highest amount of osteoconductive filler. The viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of the precursor compounds and composites were analyzed using rheometry, elemental analysis (for calcium release and uptake), acidity [by measuring pH in simulated body fluid (SBF)], general biocompatibility (subcutaneous implantation in rabbits), and osteocompatibility (implantation in femoral condyle bone defect of rabbits). The gelation of the resulting composites could be controlled from seconds to tens of minutes by varying the solubility of the CaP phase (HA vs. monetite) or amount of GDL. All composites mineralized extensively in SBF for up to 11 days. In vivo, the composites also disintegrated upon implantation in subcutaneous or bone tissue, leaving behind less degradable but osteoconductive CaP particles. Although the composites need to be optimized with respect to the available amount of calcium for cross‐linking of alginate, the beneficial bone response as observed in the in vivo studies render these gels promising for minimally invasive applications as bone‐filling material. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 808–817, 2014.
Biofilm formation on nanostructured hydroxyapatite‐coated titanium
Authors: Westas Emma , Gillstedt Martin , Lönn‐Stensrud Jessica , Bruzell Ellen , Andersson Martin 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBiofilm formation on medical devices is a common cause of implant failure, especially regarding implants that breach the epithelial tissue, so‐called transcutaneous implants. Nanotechnology and the development of new nanomaterials have given the opportunity to design nanotextured implant surfaces. Such surfaces have been studied using various in vitro methods showing that nanosized features strongly benefit bone cell growth. However, little is known on how nanostructured features affect biofilm formation. The aim of this study was therefore to examine the shape‐ and chemical‐dependent effect of a nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on the degree of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation. Three different types of nanosized HA particles having different shapes and calcium to phosphate ratios were compared to uncoated turned titanium using safranin stain in a biofilm assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for assessment of biofilm biomass and bacterial volume, respectively. No difference in biofilm biomass was detected for the various surfaces after 6 h incubation with S. epidermidis. Additionally, image analysis of CLSM Z‐stacks confirmed the biofilm assay and showed similar results. In conclusion, the difference in nanomorphology and chemical composition of the surface coatings did not influence the adhesion and biofilm formation of S. epidermidis. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1063–1070, 2014.
Risk assessment tools to identify women with increased risk of osteoporotic fracture: Complexity or simplicity? A systematic review
Authors: Rubin Katrine Hass , Friis-Holmberg Teresa , Hermann Anne Pernille , Abrahamsen Bo , Brixen Kim 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACT

A huge number of risk assessment tools have been developed. Far from all have been validated in external studies, more of them have absence of methodological and transparent evidence, and few are integrated in national guidelines. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to provide an overview of existing valid and reliable risk assessment tools for prediction of osteoporotic fractures. Additionally, we aimed to determine if the performance of each tool was sufficient for practical use, and last, to examine whether the complexity of the tools influenced their discriminative power. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for papers and evaluated these with respect to methodological quality using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) checklist. A total of 48 tools were identified; 20 had been externally validated, however, only six tools had been tested more than once in a population-based setting with acceptable methodological quality. None of the tools performed consistently better than the others and simple tools (i.e., the Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool [OST], Osteoporosis Risk Assessment Instrument [ORAI], and Garvan Fracture Risk Calculator [Garvan]) often did as well or better than more complex tools (i.e., Simple Calculated Risk Estimation Score [SCORE], WHO Fracture Risk Assessment Tool [FRAX], and Qfracture). No studies determined the effectiveness of tools in selecting patients for therapy and thus improving fracture outcomes. High-quality studies in randomized design with population-based cohorts with different case mixes are needed.
Building Cohesion Across Representations: A Mechanism for STEM Integration
Authors: Nathan Mitchell J. , Srisurichan Rachaya , Walkington Candace , Wolfgram Matthew , Williams Caro , Alibali Martha W. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPurposeThe mechanisms of integration of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) remain largely underspecified in the research and policy literatures, despite their purported benefits. Our novel claim is that one key mechanism of STEM integration is producing and maintaining cohesion of central concepts across the range of representations, objects, activities, and social structures in the engineering classroom.MethodWe analyze multiviewpoint videos of multiday classroom activities from Project Lead the Way (PLTW) classes in digital electronics in two urban high schools.ResultsTo forge cohesion, teachers use coordination of representations, tools, and materials, and they use projection to reference places and events, past and future. Teachers also perform explicit identification to label central invariant relations that are the conceptual focus of their instruction. Teachers typically perform identification, coordination, and projection on the particular STEM representations used in projects in order to improve the cohesion of the conceptual content of a curriculum unit. Teachers can also represent the larger sequence of project activities within the curriculum to construct a cohesive account of how the various activities and representations relate and build upon key ideas.ConclusionsThis paper found that cohesion‐producing activities promote student understanding by threading conceptual relations through different mathematical representations, scientific laws, technological objects, engineering designs, learning spaces, and social structures. In these ways, cohesion can promote STEM integration in the engineering classroom.
Answering questions on call: Pediatric resident physicians' use of handoffs and other resources
Authors: McSweeney Maireade E. , Landrigan Christopher P. , Jiang Hongyu , Starmer Amy , Lightdale Jenifer R. 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDLittle is known in the literature about the types of questions being asked of on‐call housestaff and the resources used to provide answers.OBJECTIVETo characterize questions being asked of pediatric interns on call and evaluate their use of written handoffs, verbal handoffs, and other resources.DESIGN/METHODSProspective direct observational study.SETTINGInpatient wards at an academic tertiary care children's hospital.PARTICIPANTSPediatric interns.RESULTSTrainees were asked 2.6 questions/hour (interquartile range: 1.4–4.7); most involved medications (28%), general care plans (27%), diagnostic tests/procedures (22%), diet/fluids (15%), and physical exams (9%). Interns reported using information provided in written or verbal handoffs to answer 32.6% questions (written 7.3%; verbal 25.3%). Other resources utilized included general medical knowledge, the medical record, and parental report. Questions pertaining to diet/fluids were associated with increased written handoff use (odds ratio [OR]: 3.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.51–8.76), whereas having worked more consecutive nights was associated with decreased written handoff use (OR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.09–0.93). Questions regarding general care plans (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.13–3.78), those asked by clinical staff (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.04–3.66), and questions asked of patients with longer lengths of stay (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.02–3.80) were predictive of verbal handoff use.CONCLUSIONSPediatric housestaff face frequent questions during overnight shifts and frequently use information received during handoffs to provide answers. A better understanding of how handoffs and other resources are utilized by housestaff could inform future targeted initiatives to improve trainees' access to key information at night. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:328–333. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Medications associated with clinical deterioration in hospitalized children
Authors: Huang Emily J. , Bonafide Christopher P. , Keren Ron , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Holmes John H. 
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUNDMedical emergency teams have been shown to reduce mortality in children's hospitals, but there are many potential barriers to their activation. Surveillance tools using electronic health record data help identify children at risk of deterioration. Existing early warning scores primarily include vital signs, but may benefit from the incorporation of medications.OBJECTIVEWe aimed to identify the therapeutic classes of medications temporally associated with clinical deterioration that could be incorporated with vital signs into surveillance tools.DESIGNCase‐crossover study.SETTINGThe Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.PATIENTSChildren with clinical deterioration, defined as cardiopulmonary arrest, acute respiratory compromise, or urgent intensive care unit transfer while hospitalized on pediatric wards (n = 141).EXPOSURESIntravenous administrations of medications from therapeutic classes administered in ≥5% of control periods.RESULTSNine therapeutic classes were significantly associated with clinical deterioration: glycopeptide antibiotics, anaerobic antibiotics, third‐generation and fourth‐generation cephalosporins, aminoglycoside antibiotics, systemic corticosteroids, benzodiazepines, loop diuretics, narcotic analgesics (full opioid agonists), and antidotes to hypersensitivity reactions.CONCLUSIONSWe identified a set of therapeutic classes associated with increased risk of clinical deterioration. Future work should focus on evaluating whether including these therapeutic classes in multivariable models improves their accuracy in detecting early, evolving deterioration. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:254–260. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Mechanical, compositional, and structural properties of the mouse patellar tendon with changes in biglycan gene expression
Authors: Dourte LeAnn M. , Pathmanathan Lydia , Mienaltowski Michael J. , Jawad Abbas F. , Birk David E. , Soslowsky Louis J. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTTendons have complex mechanical properties that depend on their structure and composition. Some studies have assessed the role of small leucine‐rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) in the mechanical response of tendon, but the relationships between sophisticated mechanics, assembly of collagen and SLRPs have not been well characterized. In this study, biglycan gene expression was varied in a dose dependent manner using biglycan null, biglycan heterozygote and wild type mice. Measures of mechanical (tension and compression), compositional and structural changes of the mouse patellar tendon were evaluated. Viscoelastic, tensile dynamic modulus was found to be increased in the biglycan heterozygous and biglycan null tendons compared to wild type. Gene expression analyses revealed biglycan gene expression was closely associated in a dose‐dependent allelic manner. No differences were seen between genotypes in elastic or compressive properties or quantitative measures of collagen structure. These results suggest that biglycan, a member of the SLRP family, plays a role in tendon viscoelasticity that cannot be completely explained by its role in collagen fibrillogenesis. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1430–1437, 2013
Adequate lymph node recovery improves survival in colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Onitilo Adedayo A. , Stankowski Rachel V. , Engel Jessica M. , Doi Suhail A.R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntroductionCurrent recommendations suggest recovery of 12 lymph nodes during surgical resection for colorectal cancer (CRC) for proper staging and prognostication. Adequate lymph node recovery has been associated with improved patient survival, with results inconsistent.MethodsWe examined factors for association with adequate lymph node recovery and used findings to adjust survival analyses to clarify whether adequate lymph node examination is associated with CRC survival or associated with a subset of characteristics that biases lymph node recovery.ResultsIn 74% of subjects (1,036/1,397) an adequate number of lymph nodes was examined. A stepwise multivariate regression analysis showed procedure year, cancer stage, tumor size, and age at diagnosis were significantly associated with lymph node recovery. These and other factors associated with survival status were adjusted for in further analyses, revealing no difference in unadjusted overall survival by adequacy of lymph node recovery (HR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.75–1.08, P = 0.239). However, in adjusted Cox proportional hazards analysis, adequate lymph node recovery was associated with reduced risk for death (HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.57–0.89, P = 0.002).ConclusionThe current recommendation for retrieval and examination of at least 12 lymph nodes is appropriate for proper treatment and prognostication in patients undergoing surgical resection for CRC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2013;107:828–834. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Initial clinical laboratory experience in noninvasive prenatal testing for fetal aneuploidy from maternal plasma DNA samples
Authors: Futch Tracy , Spinosa John , Bhatt Sucheta , de Feo Eileen , Rava Richard P. , Sehnert Amy J. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study is to report the experience of noninvasive prenatal DNA testing using massively parallel sequencing in an accredited clinical laboratory.MethodsLaboratory information was examined for blood samples received for testing between February and November 2012 for chromosome 21 (Chr21), Chr18, and Chr13. Monosomy X (MX) testing was available from July 2012 for cystic hygroma indication. Outcomes were collected from providers on samples with positive results.ResultsThere were 5974 samples tested, and results were issued within an average of 5.1 business days. Aneuploidy was detected in 284 (4.8%) samples (155 Chr21, 66 Chr18, 19 Chr13, 40 MX, and four double aneuploidy). Follow‐ups are available for 245/284 (86%), and 77/284 (27.1%) are confirmed, including one double‐aneuploidy case concordant with cytogenetics from maternal malignancy. Fourteen (0.2%) discordant (putative false‐positive) results (one Chr21, six Chr18, three Chr13, three MX, and one Chr21/13) have been identified. Five (0.08%) false‐negative cases are reported (two trisomy 21, two trisomy 18, and one MX). In 170 (2.8%) cases, the result for a single chromosome was indefinite.ConclusionsThis report suggests that clinical testing of maternal cell‐free DNA for fetal aneuploidy operates within performance parameters established in validation studies. Noninvasive prenatal testing is sensitive to biological contributions from placental and maternal sources. ©2013 Verinata Health, Inc. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The clinical implementation of non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis for single‐gene disorders: challenges and progress made
Authors: Lench Nicholas , Barrett Angela , Fielding Sarah , McKay Fiona , Hill Melissa , Jenkins Lucy , White Helen , Chitty Lyn S. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTRecently, we have witnessed the rapid translation into clinical practice of non‐invasive prenatal testing for the common aneuploidies, most notably within the United States and China. This represents a lucrative market with testing being driven by companies developing and offering their services. These tests are currently aimed at women with high/medium‐risk pregnancies identified by serum screening and/or ultrasound scanning. Uptake has been impressive, albeit limited to the commercial sector. However, non‐invasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for single‐gene disorders has attracted less interest, no doubt because this represents a much smaller market opportunity and in the majority of cases has to be provided on a bespoke, patient or disease‐specific basis. The methods and workflows are labour‐intensive and not readily scalable. Nonetheless, there exists a significant need for NIPD of single‐gene disorders, and the continuing advances in technology and data analysis should facilitate the expansion of the NIPD test repertoire. Here, we review the progress that has been made to date, the different methods and platform technologies, the technical challenges, and assess how new developments may be applied to extend testing to a wider range of genetic disorders. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uptake of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in women following positive aneuploidy screening
Authors: Chetty Shilpa , Garabedian Matthew J. , Norton Mary E. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate how the introduction of noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) impacted women's testing choices following a positive prenatal screening (PNS) result.MethodsBeginning in March 2012, women referred to our Prenatal Diagnosis Center following a positive PNS result were offered NIPT or invasive prenatal diagnosis. Rates of invasive testing and declining follow‐up were compared with testing decisions the prior year. Differences were compared using t‐test and chi‐square. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of test choice.ResultsBetween March 2012 and February 2013, 398 screen positive women were seen: 156 (39.2%) underwent invasive testing, 157 (39.4%) had NIPT and 84 (21.1%) declined further testing. In the prior year, 638 screen positive patients were seen: 301 (47.2%) had invasive testing and 337 (52.8%) declined. The rate of invasive testing declined significantly (p = 0.012). Moreover, fewer women declined follow‐up testing after introduction of NIPT, 21.2% versus 52.8%, p ≤ 0.001. Race/ethnicity and timing of results (first versus second trimester) were predictors of testing choices; payer and maternal age were not.ConclusionThe introduction of NIPT resulted in a significant decrease in invasive diagnostic testing. Additionally, fewer women declined further testing when NIPT was available. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of maternal plasma DNA fetal fraction on next generation sequencing tests for common fetal aneuploidies
Authors: Canick Jacob A. , Palomaki Glenn E. , Kloza Edward M. , Lambert‐Messerlian Geralyn M. , Haddow James E. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTMaternal plasma contains circulating cell‐free DNA fragments originating from both the mother and the placenta. The proportion derived from the placenta is known as the fetal fraction. When measured between 10 and 20 gestational weeks, the average fetal fraction in the maternal plasma is 10% to 15% but can range from under 3% to over 30%. Screening performance using next‐generation sequencing of circulating cell‐free DNA is better with increasing fetal fraction and, generally, samples whose values are less than 3% or 4% are unsuitable. Three examples of the clinical impact of fetal fraction are discussed. First, the distribution of test results for Down syndrome pregnancies improves as fetal fraction increases, and this can be exploited in reporting patient results. Second, the strongest factor associated with fetal fraction is maternal weight; the false negative rate and rate of low fetal fractions are highest for women with high maternal weights. Third, in a mosaic, the degree of mosaicism will impact the performance of the test because it will reduce the effective fetal fraction. By understanding these aspects of the role of fetal fraction in maternal plasma DNA testing for aneuploidy, we can better appreciate the power and the limitations of this impressive new methodology. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.