bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Trochlear Dysplasia on Patellofemoral Biomechanics
Authors: Van Haver Annemieke , De Roo Karel , De Beule Matthieu , Labey Luc , De Baets Patrick , Dejour David , Claessens Tom , Verdonk Peter 
Published: March 2015

Background: Trochlear dysplasia appears in different geometrical variations. The Dejour classification is widely used to grade the severity of trochlear dysplasia and to decide on treatment. Purpose: To investigate the effect of trochlear dysplasia on patellofemoral biomechanics and to determine if different types of trochlear dysplasia have different effects on patellofemoral biomechanics. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Trochlear dysplasia was simulated in 4 cadaveric knees by replacing the native cadaveric trochlea with different types of custom-made trochlear implants, manufactured with 3-dimensional printing. For each knee, 5 trochlear implants were designed: 1 implant simulated the native trochlea (control condition), and 4 implants simulated 4 types of trochlear dysplasia. The knees were subjected to 3 biomechanical tests: a squat simulation, an open chain extension simulation, and a patellar stability test. The patellofemoral kinematics, contact area, contact pressure, and stability were compared between the control condition (replica implants) and the trochlear dysplastic condition and among the subgroups of trochlear dysplasia. Results: The patellofemoral joint in the trochlear dysplastic group showed increased internal rotation, lateral tilt, and lateral translation; increased contact pressures; decreased contact areas; and decreased stability when compared with the control group. Within the trochlear dysplastic group, the implants graded as Dejour type D showed the largest deviations for the kinematical parameters, and the implants graded as Dejour types B and D showed the largest deviations for the patellofemoral contact areas and pressures. Conclusion: Patellofemoral kinematics, contact area, contact pressure, and stability are significantly affected by trochlear dysplasia. Of all types of trochlear dysplasia, the models characterized with a pronounced trochlear bump showed the largest deviations in patellofemoral biomechanics. Clinical Relevance: Investigating the relationship between the shape of the trochlea and patellofemoral biomechanics can provide insight into the short-term effects (maltracking, increased pressures, and instability) and long-term effects (osteoarthritis) of different types of trochlear dysplasia. Furthermore, this investigation provides an empirical explanation for better treatment outcomes of trochleoplasty for Dejour types B and D dysplasia.
α-Mannan induces Th17-mediated pulmonary graft-versus-host disease in mice
Authors: Uryu Hidetaka , Hashimoto Daigo , Kato Koji , Hayase Eiko , Matsuoka Satomi , Ogasawara Reiki , Takahashi Shuichiro , Maeda Yoshinobu , Iwasaki Hiromi , Miyamoto Toshihiro , Saijo Shinobu , Iwakura Yoichiro , Hill Geoffrey R. , Akashi Koichi , Teshima Takanori 
Published: March 2015

Key PointsMn stimulates macrophages via Dectin-2 to induce donor Th17 differentiation after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Mn-induced Th17 cells accumulate in the lungs to cause pulmonary GVHD.
Cyclic growth of hierarchical structures in the aluminum-silicate system
Authors: Dyonizy Agnieszka , Kaminker Vitaliy , Wieckowska Joanna , Krzywicki Tomasz , Pantaleone Jim , Nowak Piotr , Maselko Jerzy 
Published: March 2015

Abstract

Background
Biological structures grow spontaneously from a seed, using materials supplied by the environment. These structures are hierarchical, with the ‘building blocks’ on each level constructed from those on the lower level. To understand and model the processes that occur on many levels, and later construct them, is a difficult task. However interest in this subject is growing. It is now possible to study the spontaneous growth of hierarchical structures in simple, two component chemical systems.

Results
Aluminum-silicate systems have been observed to grow into structures that are approximately conical. These structures are composed of multiple smaller cones with several hierarchical levels of complexity. On the highest level the system resembles a metropolis, with a horizontal resource distribution network connecting vertical, conical structures. The cones are made from many smaller cones that are connected together forming a whole with unusual behavior. The growth is observed to switch periodically between the vertical and horizontal directions.

Conclusion
A structure grown in a dish is observed to have many similarities to other hierarchical systems such as biological organisms or cities. This system may provide a simple model system to search for universal laws governing the growth of complex hierarchical structures.
Physical monitoring and advice: absence of evidence is not evidence of absence
Authors: Smith Katharine 
Published: March 2015

SummaryIndividuals with severe mental illness have increased rates of physical health problems and reduced life expectancy. As a vulnerable population, they have been identified as needing increased physical health monitoring and treatment. The first of two Cochrane reviews considered here assessed the evidence for the benefit of monitoring but found no studies that could be included. The second reviewed the evidence for provision of general physical healthcare advice. Although the results were suggestive of benefit, the evidence, where available, was of poor quality. These reviews highlight an important area for future research to evaluate the relative health and cost benefits of different types of intervention.
In-patient services for people with intellectual disability and mental health or behavioural difficulties
Authors: Devapriam John , Rosenbach Alan , Alexander Regi 
Published: March 2015

SummaryOver the past few decades, care for people with intellectual disability in the UK has moved from long-stay hospitals to the community. As in the general population, a number of these people have mental health and behavioural difficulties for which they may require in-patient services. Consequently, psychiatrists need to be aware of the in-patient mental healthcare provision for these individuals. This article describes the different categories of in-patient bed for patients with intellectual disability and ways to monitor the quality and outcomes of in-patient care.
Why are long-acting injectable antipsychotics still underused?
Authors: Bosanac Peter , Castle David Jonathan 
Published: March 2015

Summary‘Depot antipsychotics' (‘long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications' or LAIs) are underused in the treatment of schizophrenia (including first episodes) and, possibly, of schizophrenia with comorbid substance use disorders. Patients' and clinicians' beliefs and attitudes, and service barriers, affect best practice and evidence-based care in LAI prescription. Poor medication adherence is a key reason for LAI prescription, but patients receiving LAIs may still relapse or experience significant side-effects. Patients' and clinicians' attitudes towards antipsychotic medication, as well as the quality of their recovery-focused relationship, are key factors in adherence. Clinicians should avoid a dichotomous ‘oralv. LAI’ choice: LAIs may have a place at various stages in the continuum of care and they should be one of the options discussed with any patient requiring long-term treatment, even early in the illness course. Many clinicians need better education about LAIs and greater familiarity with schizophrenia treatment guidelines.
Sleep disorders in children and adolescents†
Authors: Stores Gregory 
Published: March 2015

SummaryDisordered sleep has long been recognised as both a consequence of psychiatric illness and a contributory factor to its development. Significant sleep disturbance occurs in about 25% of children and adolescents and 80% or more of children in high-risk groups; it often continues into adulthood. All psychiatrists should therefore be familiar with the principles of sleep medicine and the impact of sleep and its disorders. In this article, the relationship between sleep disorders and the breadth of child and adolescent psychiatry in particular is explored. The classification, aetiology and implications of sleep disorders are discussed, as well as the practicalities of screening, diagnosis and management, with a view to informing readers how accurate diagnosis, prevention and successful treatment of sleep disorders can benefit patients and their families.
Ester-Linked Alkyl Chain Effect on the 2D Structures of Isobutenyl Compounds: Scanning Tunneling Microscopic Study
Authors: Kikkawa Yoshihiro , Ishitsuka Manami , Omori Kazuhiro , Kashiwada Ayumi , Tsuzuki Seiji , Hiratani Kazuhisa 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Various lengths of alkyl chains were introduced to the basic skeleton of isobutenyl ether compounds via ester bond (D1-OCn), and the 2D structures were investigated by using scanning tunneling microscopy at a solid/liquid interface. In the D1-OCn, two naphthalene units with ester-linked alkyl chains were connected with the isobutenyl group. The D1-OCn possessing C18–21 alkyl chains displayed alternate changes in the 2D structures, in which the alkyl chains were oriented in the same direction to form an interdigitation, whereas those with C15–17 chains showed the same dumbbell-shaped structures, suggesting that there is a specific alkyl chain length range exhibiting the odd–even effect. After the thermal reaction of tandem Claisen rearrangement (TCR), ether functions in the D1-OCn were converted to hydroxy groups accompanied by a new C–C bond formation (D2-OCn). Then, odd–even effect in the D1-OCn was completely cancelled to show only linear alignment in which the alkyl chains turned to the opposite direction, regardless of the alkyl chain length in the rearranged compounds (D2-OCn). This result indicates that various 2D structures of the isobutenyl compounds with ester groups can be transformed to the same linear alignment by the TCR. However, odd–even effect and structural transformation due to the Claisen rearrangement were unavailable for the “half” molecule containing a single naphthalene unit with an alkyl chain and an allyl moiety. Therefore, it can be concluded that dual alkyl chains connected to the naphthalene units are necessary for the isobutenyl ether compounds to reveal the odd–even effect and structural transformation by the TCR.
Synthesis and Solid-State Polymerization of Diacetylene Derivatives with an N-Carbazolylphenyl Group
Authors: Ikeshima Masataka , Mamada Masashi , Katagiri Hiroshi , Minami Tsuyoshi , Okada Shuji , Tokito Shizuo 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Four diacetylene derivatives with an N-carbazolylphenyl group as a donor moiety have been synthesized and subsequently characterized. These diacetylene derivatives undergo solid-state polymerization via UV irradiation, although these compounds have relatively large π-conjugated aromatic groups. The polymerization behaviors of these derivatives were confirmed by distinct absorption bands for polydiacetylenes. The reactive process is strongly influenced by the slightly differing side groups. Single crystal growth of the two compounds was successful and their crystal structure analyses revealed large differences in the molecular conformations and intermolecular geometries caused by a methylene unit. The HOMO population of the monomers is predominantly expressed in the phenyl carbazole unit, while each polymer showed differing HOMO energies with some polymers exhibiting high-lying HOMO levels.
Preparation Method of PVDF Membrane with Both Hydrophilicity and Smooth Surface Morphology
Authors: Woo Sahng Hyuck , Jeong Sungkuk , Park Jinwon , Min Byoung Ryul 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In this study, four different types of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes were prepared by blending with poly(vinylidene fluoride)-graft-poly(sulfopropyl methacrylate) (PVDF-g-PSPMA) or/and potassium perchlorate (KClO4). Blending PVDF with PVDF-g-PSPMA and KClO4 allowed the membrane to have hydrophilicity and smooth surface morphology. For example, blending of PVDF-g-PSPMA and KClO4 (A4) showed approximately 13° lower water contact angle and about 23-nm more smooth surface morphology in comparison with no additives (A1) and blending of PVDF-g-PSPMA only (A2), respectively.
Recent Advances in Splitting Methods for Multiphysics and Multiscale: Theory and Applications
Authors: Geiser Jürgen 
Published: March 2015

In this paper are presented some recent advances in multiscale splitting methods, based on additive and iterative schemes and applied to deterministic and stochastic differential equations. Several interesting algorithmic aspects of these novel splitting schemes will be discussed. For example, why a decomposed, or split, system may be the key to many important applications in multiply scaled subjects, and why iterative splitting methods can be powerful and more appropriate for well-balanced coupled nonlinear problems. Both theoretical and practical aspects of the recent advances in splitting methods for multiphysics and multiscale applications will be discussed.
Do Stock Analysts Influence Merger Completion? An Examination of Postmerger Announcement Recommendations
Authors: Becher David A. , Cohn Jonathan B. , Juergens Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2015

This paper investigates the effects of analyst recommendations issued after a merger announcement on deal completion. We find the probability of completion increases (decreases) with the favorability of acquirer (target) recommendations. Results from instrumental variables tests support causality running from recommendations to merger outcomes. Additional tests suggest that these relations are driven by target shareholders reassessing the merger offer in response to movements in acquirer and target valuations. We also find that favorably recommended firms in a proposed merger underperform following deal resolution, suggesting that investors overreact to postmerger announcement recommendations. This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
Thiol switches in redox regulation of chloroplasts: balancing redox state, metabolism and oxidative stress
Authors: Dietz Karl-Josef , Hell Rüdiger 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
In photosynthesizing chloroplasts, rapidly changing energy input, intermediate generation of strong reductants as well as oxidants and multiple participating physicochemical processes and pathways, call for efficient regulation. Coupling redox information to protein function via thiol modifications offers a powerful mechanism to activate, down-regulate and coordinate interdependent processes. Efficient thiol switching of target proteins involves the thiol-disulfide redox regulatory network, which is highly elaborated in chloroplasts. This review addresses the features of this network. Its conditional function depends on specificity of reduction and oxidation reactions and pathways, thiol redox buffering, but also formation of heterogeneous milieus by microdomains, metabolite gradients and macromolecular assemblies. One major player is glutathione. Its synthesis and function is under feedback redox control. The number of thiol-controlled processes and involved thiol switched proteins is steadily increasing, e.g., in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, plastid transcription and plastid translation. Thus chloroplasts utilize an intricate and versatile redox regulatory network for intraorganellar and retrograde communication.
Precise Point Positioning using Multi-Constellation GNSS Observations for Kinematic Applications
Authors: Rabbou Mahmoud Abd , El-Rabbany Ahmed 
Published: March 2015

AbstractTraditional precise point positioning (PPP) is commonly based on un-differenced ionosphere-free linear combination of Global Positioning System (GPS) observations. Unfortunately, for kinematic applications, GPS often experiences poor satellite visibility or weak satellite geometry in urban areas. To overcome this limitation, we developed a PPP model, which combines the observations of three global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), namely GPS, GLONASS and Galileo. Both un-differenced and between-satellite single-difference (BSSD) ionosphere-free linear combinations of pseudorange and carrier phase GNSS measurements are processed. The performance of the combined GNSS PPP solution is compared with the GPS-only PPP solution using a real test scenario in downtown Kingston, Ontario. Inter-system biases between GPS and the other two systems are also studied and obtained as a byproduct of the PPP solution. It is shown that the addition of GLONASS observations improves the kinematic PPP solution accuracy in comparison with that of GPS-only solution. However, the contribution of adding Galileo observations is not significant due to the limited number of Galileo satellites launched up to date. In addition, BSSD solution is found to be superior to that of traditional un-differenced model.
Peepshows for All: Performing Words and the Travelling Showman
Authors: Plunkett John 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The ‘peepshow’ was one of the commonest and cheapest forms of optical entertainment for most of the nineteenth century: however, it has received relatively little scholarly attention. This essay explores the heyday of the peepshow through a detailed exploration of its exhibition spaces, performance practices, and audience experiences, as well as its relationship with other popular forms such as theatre, lecturing, and illustrated journalism. In particular, the essay argues that the peepshow should not be seen as predominantly a ‘visual’ show, but, rather, that the oral performance of the peep showman was crucial to the appeal and organisation of the exhibition. The visual tableaux were subservient to his narrative, and the showman needs to be seen as part of the growth of illustrated lecturing during the period.
“Highly Superior ‘Variety Turns’”: The Orthodox Roots of Suffrage Theatre
Authors: Farkas Anna 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This paper locates the origins of the forms and practices of Edwardian suffrage theatre in a late-Victorian middle-class entertainment culture with which it shared many of its distinguishing features, if not its politics. Suffrage theatre has long been lauded for its radical embracing of alternative performance spaces and a democratic blurring of the lines between amateur and professional. However, these features were already present in the 1890s, in a theatrical scene which emerged from nineteenth-century enthusiasm for private theatricals and which offered women authors important artistic opportunities. “Dramatic recitals,” which combined the performance of short plays and dramatic sketches with recitation and music, developed independently of both the West End and the music hall, drawing instead on the traditions of home performance. This genteel variety theatre was written and performed by women and clearly directed at primarily female audiences, laying the foundation for suffrage theatre in spite of its own conservative gender politics.
Early-onset central diabetes insipidus is associated with de novo arginine vasopressin–neurophysin II or Wolfram syndrome 1 gene mutations
Authors: Perrotta Silverio , Di Iorgi Natascia , Ragione Fulvio Della , Scianguetta Saverio , Borriello Adriana , Allegri Anna Elsa Maria , Ferraro Marcella , Santoro Claudia , Napoli Flavia , Calcagno Annalisa , Giaccardi Marta , Cappa Marco , Salerno Maria Carolina , Cozzolino Domenico , Maghnie Mohamad 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveIdiopathic early-onset central diabetes insipidus (CDI) might be due to mutations of arginine vasopressin–neurophysin II (AVP–NPII (AVP)) or wolframin (WFS1) genes.Design and methodsSequencing of AVP and WFS1 genes was performed in nine children with CDI, aged between 9 and 68 months, and negative family history for polyuria and polydipsia.ResultsTwo patients carried a mutation in the AVP gene: a heterozygous G-to-T transition at nucleotide position 322 of exon 2 (c.322G>T) resulting in a stop codon at position 108 (p.Glu108X), and a novel deletion from nucleotide 52 to 54 (c.52_54delTCC) producing a deletion of a serine at position 18 (p.Ser18del) of the AVP pre-prohormone signal peptide. A third patient carried two heterozygous mutations in the WFS1 gene localized on different alleles. The first change was A-to-G transition at nucleotide 997 in exon 8 (c.997A>G), resulting in a valine residue at position 333 in place of isoleucine (p.Ile333Val). The second novel mutation was a 3 bp insertion in exon 8, c.2392_2393insACG causing the addition of an aspartate residue at position 797 and the maintenance of the correct open reading frame (p. Asp797_Val798insAsp). While similar WFS1 protein levels were detected in fibroblasts from healthy subjects and from the patient and his parents, a major sensitivity to staurosporine-induced apoptosis was observed in the patient fibroblasts as well as in patients with Wolfram syndrome.ConclusionsEarly-onset CDI is associated with de novo mutations of the AVP gene and with hereditary WFS1 gene changes. These findings have valuable implications for management and genetic counseling.
Analysis of salivary cortisol levels to determine the association between depression level and differences in circadian rhythms of shift‐working nurses
Authors: Baba Michie , Ohkura Mitsuru , Koga Kayoko , Nishiuchi Kyoko , C. Lourdes R. Herrera , Matsuse Ryoichi , Inoue Toshitaka 
Published: March 2015

Analysis of salivary cortisol levels to determine the association between depression level and differences in circadian rhythms of shift‐working nurses: Michie Baba, et al. School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka UniversityObjectiveThe aim of this study was to clarify whether there are differences in the circadian rhythms of shift‐working nurses by assessing depression, fatigue and salivary cortisol levels.MethodsForty nurses working in a two‐shift system at “Hospital A”, Fukuoka City, Japan, used a self‐rated depression scale (SDS) to assess their depression levels. Fatigue levels were measured with the visual analogue scale for fatigue (VAS‐F); saliva was collected before and during shifts for three days. Results were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA).ResultsThirty‐six valid records were obtained, and subjects were classified according to SDS scores into a normal group (NG), moderate group (MG) and severe group (SG). There were no significant differences in the day shift salivary cortisol values of the three groups. However, the night shift salivary cortisol value for the SG was 0.132 μg/dl at 16:00, before starting the shift, and decreased to 0.036 μg/dl at 20:00. It increased slightly up to 0.057 μg/dl by 24:00 and formed a peak between 5:00 and 7:00, with the levels being 0.322 μg/ dl and 0.305 μg/dl respectively. Meanwhile, the NG cortisol value was 0.154 μg/dl before the shift, decreased to 0.034 μg/dl by 20:00, slightly increased up to 0.093 μg/dl by 5:00 and presented its peak value, 0.253 μg/dl, at 7:00 next morning.ConclusionsSG nurses presented significantly increased salivary cortisol levels early in the morning during night shifts, showing a phase deviation in the circadian rhythm. Because subjective fatigue levels did not differ with time, SG nurses should understand and deal with physical changes in the early morning. This approach may reduce medical accidents and malpractice in the early morning.