bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cerebrovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Pooled Patient‐Level Study
Authors: van Nieuwkerk Astrid C. , Aarts Hugo M. , Hemelrijk Kimberley I. , Urbano Carrillo Cristobal , Tchétché Didier , de Brito Fabio S. , Barbanti Marco , Kornowski Ran , Latib Azeem , D'Onofrio Augusto , Ribichini Flavio , García‐Blas Sergio , Dumonteil Nicolas , Abizaid Alexandre , Sartori Samantha , D'Errigo Paola , Tarantini Giuseppe , Lunardi Mattia , Orvin Katia , Pagnesi Matteo , Navarro Felipe , Dangas George , Mehran Roxana , Delewi Ronak 
Published: August 2024

Background
Cerebrovascular events remain one of the most devastating complications of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Data from real‐world contemporary cohorts on longitudinal trends and outcomes remain limited. The aim of this study was to assess incidence, temporal trends, predictors, and outcomes of cerebrovascular events following transfemoral TAVI.

Methods and Results

The CENTER2 (Cerebrovascular Events in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation With Balloon‐Expandable Valves Versus Self‐Expandable Valves 2) study includes patients undergoing TAVI between 2007 and 2022. The database contains pooled patient‐level data from 10 clinical studies. A total of 24 305 patients underwent transfemoral TAVI (mean age 81.5±6.7 years, 56% women, median Society of Thoracic Surgeon Predicted Risk of Mortality 4.9% [3.1%–8.5%]). Of these patients, 2.2% (n=534) experienced stroke in the first 30 days after TAVI, and 40 (0.4%) had a transient ischemic attack. Stroke rates remained stable during the treatment period (2007–2010: 2.1%, 2011–2014: 2.5%, 2015–2018: 2.1%, 2019–2022: 2.1%;
P
trend
=0.28). Moreover, 30‐day cerebrovascular event rates were similar across Society of Thoracic Surgeon Predicted Risk of Mortality risk categories: 2.1% in low‐risk, 2.6% in intermediate‐risk, and 2.5% in high‐risk patients (
P
=0.21). Mortality was higher in patients with 30‐day stroke than without at 30 days (20.3% versus 4.7%; odds ratio, 5.1 [95% CI, 4.1–6.5];
P
<0.001) and at 1 year (44.1% versus 15.0%; hazard ratio, 3.5 [95% CI, 3.0–4.2];
P
<0.001). One‐year mortality rates for stroke did not decline over time (2007–2010: 46.9%, 2011–2014: 46.0%, 2015–2018: 43.0%, 2019–2022: 39.1%;
P
trend
=0.32). At 1 year, 7.0% of patients undergoing TAVI had a stroke.

Conclusions
In 24 305 patients who underwent transfemoral TAVI, 30‐day cerebrovascular event incidence remained ≈ 2.2% between 2007 and 2022. Thirty‐day stroke rates were similar throughout Society of Thoracic Surgeon Predicted Risk of Mortality risk categories. Mortality rates after stroke remain high.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03588247.
Percentage Predicted Peak Oxygen Consumption in People With Fontan Circulation: A Rapid Systematic Scoping Review and Validation Study
Authors: Wadey Curtis A. , Tomlinson Owen W. , Barker Alan R. , Stuart A. Graham , Tran Derek L. , Laohachai Karina , Ayer Julian , Weintraub Robert G. , Cordina Rachael , Williams Craig A. 
Published: August 2024

Background

Peak oxygen consumption (peak

V
̇

O
2

$$ \dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2 $$

) is routinely measured in people who have congenital heart disease and is reported as a percentage of predicted value, based upon age‐ and sex‐matched normative reference values (NRVs). This study aimed to identify which NRVs are being used, assess whether NRVs are being applied appropriately, and evaluate if recommended NRVs are valid when applied to people with congenital heart disease.

Methods and Results

A systematic scoping review identified studies that reported peak

V
̇

O
2

$$ \dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2 $$

percentage of predicted value in people with congenital heart disease. A modified risk of bias tool evaluated the included studies. Forty‐five studies reported peak

V
̇

O
2

$$ \dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2 $$

percentage of predicted value, and only 21 (47%) studies described or provided a reference on how their percentage of predicted value was calculated. The most cited NRVs were from Wasserman (n=12) and Cooper and Weiler‐Ravell (n=7). Risk of bias analysis judged 63% of studies as having some concerns. The NRVs recommended by the American Heart Association were applied to participants with a Fontan circulation (n=70; aged 26.5±6.4 years; 59% women) to examine validity. Predicted peak

V
̇

O
2

$$ \dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2 $$

values from the Wasserman NRV was not significantly associated to measured peak

V
̇

O
2

$$ \dot{\mathrm{V}}{\mathrm{O}}_2 $$

values (men: b=0.31,
R
2
≤0.01; women: b=0.07,
R
2
=0.02).

Conclusions
Numerous NRVs have been applied to individuals with congenital heart disease and are often poorly reported and inappropriately matched to participants. The Wasserman NRV was the most cited but showed poor validity when applied to a Fontan cohort.
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Left Atrial Strain in the Prediction of Death, Ischemic Stroke, and Heart Failure
Authors: Krittayaphong Rungroj , Jirataiporn Kanchalaporn , Yindeengam Ahthit , Songsangjinda Thammarak 
Published: August 2024

Background
To determine the prognostic value of left atrial strain (LAS) using cardiac magnetic resonance for predicting death, heart failure, and ischemic stroke in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease with preserved left ventricular systolic function and no prior history of ischemic stroke, heart failure, or atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results
This retrospective cohort analysis included patients referred for stress cardiac magnetic resonance or myocardial viability studies between September 2017 and December 2019. Patients with impaired left ventricular systolic function (<50%) or a history of atrial fibrillation, stroke, or heart failure were excluded. A multivariable Cox model assessed the prognostic value of LAS, with the primary outcomes being the composite outcomes of all‐cause death, ischemic stroke, and heart failure. A total of 2030 participants were included in the study. The average LAS was 24.1±8.5%; 928 had LAS <23%, and 1102 had LAS ≥23%. The mean follow‐up duration was 39.9±13.6 months. There were 49 deaths (2.4%), 32 ischemic strokes (1.6%), and 34 heart failure events (1.7%). Patients with LAS <23% were at greater risk for composite outcome, with an adjusted hazard ratio of 2.31 (95% CI, 1.50–3.55).

Conclusions
LAS by cardiac magnetic resonance has an independent and incremental prognostic value for death, ischemic stroke, and heart failure in patients with preserved left ventricular systolic function. This prognostic value is observed after adjusting for clinical and cardiac magnetic resonance parameters, including left ventricular systolic function, late gadolinium enhancement, and left atrial volume index.
Association Between the Timing of Atrial Fibrillation Detection and Functional Outcome Following Mechanical Thrombectomy
Authors: Ryu Jae‐Chan , Lee Sang‐Hun , Jung Jin‐Man , Kwon Boseong , Song Yunsun , Lee Deok H. , Koo Sujin , Chang Jun Y. , Kang Dong‐Wha , Kwon Sun U. , Kim Jong S. , Kim Bum J. 
Published: August 2024

Background
Atrial fibrillation detected after stroke (AFDAS) refers to the identification of newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF) following an ischemic stroke in patients without known AF (KAF). The objective of this study was to compare the functional outcomes of patients diagnosed with AFDAS and those with KAF who underwent mechanical thrombectomy.

Methods and Results

We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent mechanical thrombectomy and with either new AF diagnosed during hospitalization or KAF. We compared the baseline characteristics, clinical, and procedure‐related variables between those with AFDAS and KAF. The primary outcome was the achievement of functional independence, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 2, at 3 months after stroke. Of the 252 patients, 101 (40.1%) were classified into the AFDAS group. The KAF group exhibited a higher rate of stroke history compared with the AFDAS group (32.5% versus 13.9%;
P
=0.001). Tandem occlusion was more common in the KAF group (13.2% versus 5.9%), while M2 occlusion was more common in the AFDAS group (11.3% versus 20.8%). The proportion of patients who achieved functional independence was higher in the AFDAS group (37.7% versus 52.5%;
P
=0.029). Multivariable analysis showed that AFDAS was associated with a favorable functional outcome (odds ratio, 2.67 [95% CI, 1.39–5.14];
P
=0.003).

Conclusions
AFDAS demonstrated a positive association with functional independence in patients with stroke who underwent mechanical thrombectomy and were finally diagnosed to have AF during hospitalization. The observed disparities in occlusion site, intractable thrombus, and history of previous stroke may have contributed to these findings.
Acute Myocardial Injury in Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Secondary Observational Analysis of the FAST Trial
Authors: Rosso Michela , Stengl Helena , Scheitz Jan F. , Lewey Jennifer , Mayer Stephan A. , Yaghi Shadi , Kasner Scott E , Witsch Jens 
Published: August 2024

Background
Acute myocardial injury is associated with poor outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke, but its prognostic significance in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage remains unclear. We investigated whether acute myocardial injury and the direction of the cardiac troponin I (cTnI) change (rising versus falling) affect post‐intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes.

Methods and Results
We re‐analyzed the FAST (Factor‐Seven‐for‐Acute‐Hemorrhagic‐Stroke) trial. Acute myocardial injury was defined as at least 1 cTnI value above the upper reference limit with a rise/fall of >20%. Logistic regression tested for associations (1) between acute myocardial injury (presence versus absence) and poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale 4–6) and mortality at 15 and 90 days; (2) among 3 groups (rising versus falling versus no acute myocardial injury) and outcomes. Among the 841 FAST participants, 785 patients were included. Acute myocardial injury was detected in 29% (n=227); 170 had rising cTnI. At 15 and 90 days, respectively, those with acute myocardial injury had higher odds of poor outcome (adjusted odds ratio) ([aOR] 2.3 [95% CI, 1.3–3.9]); and adjusted odds ratio 2.5 [95% CI, 1.6–3.9];, and higher odds of mortality (adjusted odds ratio 2.4 [95% CI, 1.4–4.3]; and adjusted odds ratio 2.2 [CI, 1.3–3.6]) than patients without. There was no interaction between FAST group assignment and myocardial injury, and associations between myocardial injury and outcomes were consistent across group assignments. Rising cTnI was associated with the highest risk of poor outcomes and mortality.

Conclusions
In this secondary analysis of the FAST trial, acute myocardial injury was common and associated with poor outcomes. The direction of the cTnI change might provide additional risk stratification after intracerebral hemorrhage.
Low Ventricular Stiffness Is Associated With Suboptimal Outcomes in Patients With a Single Right Ventricle After the Fontan Operation: A Novel Phenotype
Authors: Chowdhury Shahryar M. , Atz Andrew M. , Graham Eric M. , Bandisode Varsha M. , Rhodes John F. , Nutting Arni C. , Taylor Carolyn , Savage Andrew , Hassid Marc , Kavarana Minoo , Menick Donald 
Published: August 2024

Background
Despite a rigorous screening process, including cardiac catheterization, a subset of patients with a single right ventricle (SRV) demonstrates suboptimal short‐term outcomes after the Fontan operation. The goal of this study was to perform a comprehensive assessment of diastolic function in pre‐Fontan patients with an SRV using invasive reference‐standard measures and determine their associations with post‐Fontan outcomes.

Methods and Results

Children aged 2 to 6 years with SRV physiology undergoing pre‐Fontan heart catheterization were recruited prospectively. Patients were divided into those who had an optimal or suboptimal outcome. A suboptimal outcome was defined as length of stay ≥14 days or heart transplant/cardiac death in first year after Fontan. Patients underwent pressure–volume loop analysis using reference‐standard methods. The measure of ventricular stiffness, β, was obtained via preload reduction. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for extracellular volume and serum draws for matrix metalloproteinase activity were performed. Of 19 patients with an SRV, 9 (47%) had a suboptimal outcome. Mean age was 4.2±0.7 years. Patients with suboptimal outcomes had lower ventricular stiffness (0.021 [0.009–0.049] versus 0.090 [0.031–0.118] mL
−1
;
P
=0.02), lower extracellular volume (25% [28%–32%] versus 31% [28%–33%];
P
=0.02), and lower matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (90 [79–104] versus 108 [79–128] ng/mL;
P
=0.01) compared with patients with optimal outcomes. The only invasive measure that had an association with suboptimal outcome was β (
P
=0.038).

Conclusions
Patients with an SRV with suboptimal outcome after the Fontan operation had lower ventricular stiffness and evidence of maladaptive extracellular matrix metabolism compared with patients with optimal outcome. This appears to be a novel phenotype that may have important clinical implications and requires further study.
First report of Trypoxylon clavicerum (Crabronidae: Hymenoptera) from the Indian subcontinent: its nesting behaviour and prey preference
Authors: Udayakumar Amala , Shamappa Venu Hunasikote , Kandan A. , Sampathkumar M. , Arvind M. , Shivalingaswamy T.M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A study was conducted to document the nesting behaviour and prey composition of a crabronid wasp, Trypoxylon sp. The wasp was molecularly characterised as T. clavicerum (NCBI Accession No. OQ913679.1). Nest acceptance rate was significantly higher in the reeds of Ipomea carnea (79.20%) and bamboo (84.80%). The mean number of brood cells (4.40 ± 0.89 cells/nest) and vestibular cells (1.06 cells/nest) built by the wasp was significantly higher in the reeds of I. carnea. Brood parasitisation by the nest parasite Amobia sp. was significantly higher in nests built by the wasp in paper straws (58.57%) compared to the nests built in the reeds of bamboo (23.33%). The mean durations of the egg, larval and pupal stages of T. clavicerum were 2.60 ± 0.55, 6.01 ± 0.71 and 4.80 ± 0.84 days. The number of nests recovered was observed to be the highest during the months of August (3.66 ± 1.53 nests), September (5.00 ± 4.36 nests), October (8.67 ± 2.89 nests) and November (6.00 ± 2.10 nests). The major species of spider from the occupied nests belonged to two families, viz. Salticidae (81%) and Oxyopidae (19%). During the nesting period the adult wasp provisioned a greater number of spiderlings (3.25 to 3.60 spiderlings/cell) than adult spiders (1.20 to 1.60 adult spiders/cell) to her brood. The time taken to complete a single nest provisioned with adult spiders and spiderlings (13.20 ± 6.83 hr/single nest) was significantly less than for the nests provisioned with adult spiders (46.80 ± 14.80 hr/single nest) only. This study is the first ever report of nesting behaviour and prey composition of the spider-hunting wasp T. clavicerum from India.
Biology and morphometrics of cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero, 1977 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: Murthy Jasti Sri Vishnu , Chellappan Mani , M.T. Ranjith , Revi Smitha , E.R. Harish , A.G. Kiran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Biology and morphometry studies of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), on cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) were carried out on the M4 variety. P. manihoti damages cassava through direct feeding on sap and the injection of toxic saliva. Additionally, it concomitantly promotes sooty mold growth and development. Establishing a comprehensive insect management strategy requires a fundamental understanding of the biology of pest species. In this experiment, cassava cuttings were planted in polybags within a polyhouse. After reaching the eight- to ten-leaf stage, the plants were inoculated with 20 eggs each and observed daily until they completed their life cycle. This observation process was carried out on 80 individual insects, each representing a replicate. The mean egg duration was 6.8 days, the durations of the first, second, and third nymphal instars were 6.4, 4.6, and 5.3 days, respectively, and the duration of the adult stage was 20.9 days. Similarly, the mean duration of pre-oviposition was 5.7 days, the duration of the oviposition period was 11.3 days, and the duration of post-oviposition was 3.8 days. Overall, on average, the life cycle took 44.2 days, and a single female could lay 259 eggs. The net reproductive rate () was 226.78 ♀/♀, the mean generation time (T) was 33.07 days, the intrinsic (rm) and finite (λ) rates of increase were 0.164 and 1.178 ♀/♀/day, respectively, and the doubling time was 4.22 days. A nonsignificant variation was observed in the morphometrics (length and width) within the same instar stages of P. manihoti. This information is essential for gaining insights into population dynamics and formulating efficient management approaches for P. manihoti under investigation.
Parasitoids of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) – a minor problem or the tip of the iceberg?
Authors: Rojo S. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An overview of parasitoid species found on the black soldier fly is presented. The future significance of these natural enemies remains uncertain. However, a thorough assessment of their impact on black soldier fly farms worldwide is essential. The initial step involves the taxonomic identification and study of the life cycles of the species involved.
A New Paradigm for Active–Break Cycle in the Indian Summer Monsoon
Authors: Krishnamurthy V. , Shukla J. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A multichannel singular spectrum analysis of 121 years of daily rainfall over India and 43 years of outgoing longwave radiation and horizontal wind has revealed two dominant intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) that describe the space–time variability of monsoon rainfall. The two nonlinear oscillations are not perfectly periodic but exhibit broadband spectra centered at 45 and 28 days. These modes have coherent and near-regular spatial structure and temporal variations. This study posits that the two nonlinear oscillations provide a consistent and comprehensive framework to study the variability and predictability of intraseasonal rainfall variations. The active and break cycles of monsoon rainfall over India have been traditionally defined by using an arbitrarily chosen duration of persistence of arbitrarily chosen amount of rainfall averaged over an arbitrarily chosen area. This study shows that the phases of the two objectively derived modes of variability provide an objective method for defining the active and break cycles. The two ISOs are further shown to make negligible contribution to the seasonal mean rainfall and its interannual variability. This study proposes that the investigations of the origins of these nonlinear modes, and modulations of their amplitudes and phases, provide a new paradigm for future research on validation and predictability of intraseasonal variations in climate models.
The Role of Atmospheric Rivers Moisture Origin in the Seasonality of Extreme Precipitation in the Eastern United States
Authors: Aljoda Ali , Dhakal Nirajan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Regional patterns of the seasonal weather and atmospheric moisture origins can impact the seasonal activities of extreme precipitation in the eastern United States (eUS). At many locations, tracks of atmospheric moisture can have different influence on timing of extreme precipitation based on the moisture origin source. In this study, we evaluate the contribution of atmospheric rivers (ARs) and their moisture origin sources to the distribution and seasonal effectivity of annual maximum precipitation (AMP) across the eUS during 1950–2021. Our results suggest that AR is a dominant mechanism of AMP in the eUS as it contributes to 75% (31 438 out of 41 976) of total AMP events recorded between 1950 and 2021. The seasonal analysis based on the circular density approach shows that spring, summer, and fall seasons display strong signals of seasonality of AMP-AR events. The spatial patterns of AMP associated with the four major moisture sources (the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the combined source of the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, and the local source of moisture) reinforce the key role ARs play in transporting water vapor to the eUS from both oceanic and inland originated moisture. The results additionally highlight the importance of moisture subsources (major source subregions) in modulating the seasonality of extreme precipitation in the eUS.
Case Series of 6 Fetuses With Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type II: A Retrospective Study of Heart Pathology
Authors: Verdonk Sara J. E. , Storoni Silvia , Zhytnik Lidiia , Micha Dimitra , van den Aardweg Joost G. , Kamp Otto , Eekhoff Elisabeth M. W. , Bugiani Marianna 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by bone fragility. While skeletal manifestations are well documented, few studies have explored the effect of OI on the fetal heart. This retrospective case series investigates cardiac pathology in OI type II fetuses, aiming to address this gap. Methods: Medical records and autopsy reports of 6 genetically confirmed OI type II cases were examined. Fetuses had pathogenic variants in COL1A1 or PPIB, inducing structural defects in collagen type I. In addition to hematoxylin and eosin and Elastic van Gieson staining, the expression of collagen type I, COL1A1 and COL1A2 chains was examined by immunohistochemistry. Results: Immunohistochemistry confirmed robust expression of collagen type I throughout the heart. Five fetuses had normal heart weight, while 1 had a low heart weight in the context of generalized growth retardation. None displayed structural heart anomalies. Conclusion: This study reveals robust collagen type I expression in the hearts of OI type II fetuses without structural anomalies. We hypothesize that collagen type I abnormalities may not be causative factors for heart anomalies during early embryonic development. Instead, their impact may be conceivably related to an increased susceptibility to degenerative changes later in life.
Damage of Nickel-coated glass/epoxy foam-core composites induced by artificial lightning strikes
Authors: Hoang Van-Tho , Choi Won-Ho , Lee Juhyeong , Park Chanyeop , Kweon Jin-Hwe , Kwak Byeong-Su , Nam Young-Woo 
Published: August 2024

In the field of composite materials, many reports have shown that catastrophic structural damage is caused by lightning strikes. In this study, new design concepts were proposed for the lightning-strike protection of nickel-coated glass/epoxy foam-core composites. Instead of using a neat metal mesh, glass fibers were modified with nickel particles via a plating technique to improve their thermal and electrical conductivities. In addition, a thin Invar plate was inserted at the middle of the structure and a foam core was introduced to reduce damage to the structure. Three models with different materials and stacking sequences were used in this study. Severe damage was experimentally observed following artificial lightning at a peak current of approximately 150 kA when considering a waveform A. Furthermore, numerical prediction was performed to identify the damage mechanisms of the structures. Besides the heat flux source, a mechanical source known as the shock wave overpressure was investigated separately as a new factor for dielectric materials. These two sources of lightning were determined as minor reasons for the structural damage. The failure modes were analyzed for further discussion about the failure mechanism in this study.