bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precision Control of Temperature Response by Copolymerization of Di(Ethylene Glycol) Acrylate and an Acrylamide Comonomer
Authors: De Priyadarsi , Sumerlin Brent S. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe readily tuned thermoresponsive behavior of well‐defined statistical and block copolymers of di(ethylene glycol)ethyl ether acrylate (DEGA) and N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMA) was investigated. DEGA and DMA were copolymerized with various comonomer feed ratios by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Reactivity ratios were determined, which allowed copolymers with precisely tuned compositions to be prepared. The cloud point of the resulting copolymers was observed to vary linearly with the mole fraction of hydrophilic DMA over the range of 10–90 °C. Block copolymers of DEGA were also prepared by chain extension of poly(DEGA) homopolymers with DMA. The resulting block copolymers formed well‐defined polymeric micelles when heated above the cloud point of the poly(DEGA) block. Thus, copolymerization of DEGA was shown to be a convenient route to thermoresponsive polymers with specific and predictable transition temperatures.
From CO2‐Based Multifunctional Polycarbonates With a Controlled Number of Functional Groups to Graft Polymers
Authors: Geschwind Jeannette , Wurm Frederik , Frey Holger 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCopolymerization of CO2 and epoxides is employed to generate functional polycarbonates. The introduction of reactive double bonds at a poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) backbone is realized by the copolymerization of aliphatic alkene epoxides with propylene oxide (PO) and carbon dioxide (CO2). A series of copolymers with random structure and varying comonomer content (3–22%) with molecular weights in the range of 22 000–34 000 g mol−1 is synthesized and characterized with respect to their microstructure and thermal properties. The facile transformation of the double bonds is verified by a thiol‐ene reaction, resulting in quantitative conversion of the double bonds. Polycarbonate derivatives with multiple functionalities are prepared, providing suitable moieties for further grafting.magnified image
Silver‐Polydopamine Hybrid Coatings of Electrospun Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanofibers
Authors: Son Ho Yeon , Ryu Ji Hyun , Lee Haeshin , Nam Yoon Sung 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCatechol, a unique adhesive molecule found in mussel proteins, can reduce metal ions while it is oxidized and polymerized with amines to polydopamine (pD). Here, pD coatings are employed with simultaneous reduction of metal ions to prepare electrospun polymer nanofibers functionalized with metal nanoparticles. The oxidative polymerization of dopamines mediates the reduction of silver ions to metallic silver nanoparticles and their deposition on polymer nanofibers. The formation of silver‐pD‐coated polymer nanofibers stabilizes the porous structure of nanofibers in aqueous solution. It is expected that the pD‐mediated metal coatings on polymer nanofibers can be used to prepare highly porous, inorganic/organic hybrid nanomaterials for a broad range of practical applications. magnified image
Measuring Care Transition Quality for Older Patients with Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: McLeod Jordache , Stolee Paul , Walker Jennifer , Heckman George 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the current study was to examine the ability of a performance measurement scale, the Care Transitions Measure (CTM) adequately to assess the quality of care transitions among a complex population of older musculoskeletal (MSK) rehabilitation patients.MethodsFifteen older (aged 60+) patients with MSK disorders were recruited from two inpatient rehabilitation units. A telephone interview was conducted three to four weeks post‐discharge; this included the CTM and global questions used for construct validation. To assess inter‐rater reliability, the CTM was re‐administered to ten subjects in a second interview six to ten days later. Participant comments were recorded in an effort to gauge how respondents understood and interpreted items.ResultsThe CTM demonstrated acceptable inter‐rater reliability for the overall score (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.77; p = 0.03), in spite of only fair agreement for specific items. The internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.94). The construct validity was supported; however, qualitative data suggest that additional items should be considered for inclusion, and the need for revisions to the wording of the response options and some items.ConclusionsAlthough the CTM proved to be reliable for an MSK population, there is a need for modifications to improve the construct validity and utility of the CTM. Recommendations for scale improvement are made. The results of the present study support efforts to improve the outcomes of care transitions, care planning and the overall quality of life for older rehabilitation patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ELSiTO. A Collaborative European Initiative to Foster Social Inclusion with Persons Experiencing Mental Illness
Authors: Ammeraal M. , Kantartzis S. , Burger M. , Bogeas T. , van der Molen C. , Vercruysse L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractELSiTO (Empowering Learning for Social Inclusion Through Occupation), an international collaborative partnership, with over 30 members from Belgium, Greece and the Netherlands, aimed to explore the nature and processes of social inclusion for persons experiencing mental illness. Members included persons experiencing mental illness and health professionals. Four international visits and local activities enabled a knowledge creation process that combined the experience of social inclusion as we lived and worked together with exploration of the processes of community projects, narratives of experiences and reflective workshops. Outcomes included identification and description of the following: the nature of social inclusion as lived by the participants; the critical elements that support inclusion; and the competences that are developed by all stakeholders during this process. The complex process of social inclusion is facilitated by doing together in environments that enable equality, trust, risk taking and realignment of power. These conceptual understandings of inclusion are discussed in relation to the ongoing activities of the partners, to their potential contribution to the education of occupational therapists (and other professionals) and to the development of socially inclusive occupation‐based projects in the community. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐invasive prenatal testing of fetal whole chromosome aneuploidy by massively parallel sequencing
Authors: Liang Desheng , Lv Weigang , Wang Hua , Xu Liangpu , Liu Jing , Li Haoxian , Hu Liang , Peng Ying , Wu Lingqian 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine whether non‐invasive prenatal testing by maternal plasma DNA sequencing can uncover all fetal chromosome aneuploidies in one simple sequencing event.MethodsPlasma samples from 435 pregnant women at high risk for Down syndrome were collected prior to amniocentesis in three hospitals in China between March 2009 and June 2011. We sequenced the plasma DNA extracted from these samples at low coverage. We discovered that the genome representation of each of the 24 chromosomes obeyed a linear relationship to its GC content. Applying this relationship, we analysed the copy number of each of the 24 chromosomes. Full fetal karyotyping was compared with maternal plasma DNA sequencing results.ResultsAmong the 435 samples, 412 samples (94.7%) have full karyotyping and sequencing results. Sixty‐seven samples containing a fetal chromosome aneuploidy, including trisomy 21, trisomy 18, trisomy 13, trisomy 9, monosomy X or others, can be accurately identified with a detection sensitivity of 100% and a detection specificity of 99.71%. Normalization of the chromosome representation values against chromosomal guanine/cytosine base content is the key issue to ensure the accuracy.ConclusionsOur results indicate that non‐invasive detection of fetal chromosome aneuploidies for all 24 chromosomes in one single sequencing event is feasible. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charge transport study of semiconducting polymers and their bulk heterojunction blends by capacitance measurements
Authors: Chan Kevin K. H. , Tsang S. W. , Lee Harrison K. H. , So F. , So S. K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe use frequency dependent capacitance measurements to probe carrier mobilities and transport parameters of six representative semiconducting polymers and some of their bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blends. With a suitable choice of a hole injection layer, well‐defined signals for hole transport characterization can be obtained for the pristine polymers [J. Appl. Phys. 99, 013706 (2006)]. However, ill‐defined signals with negative capacitances, arising from undesirable electron leakages, are obtained for the BHJ blends. The problem of electron leakage can be circumvented by inserting an electron blocking and trapping layer under the cathode. As a result, hole transport properties of BHJ blends can be obtained. For the BHJ of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) blended with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PC61BM), the hole mobilities seem to be insensitive to the composition of the BHJ, indicating the P3HT component in the BHJ is well connected. On the other hand, for poly[N‐9“‐hepta‐decanyl‐2,7‐carbazole‐alt‐5,5‐(4′,7′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadia zole)] doped with [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCDTBT:PC71BM), a clear reduction of the hole mobility is observed as the polymer composition is reduced. Temperature dependent experiments were performed. The data are analyzed by the Gaussian Disorder Model. We found that the energetic disorder is independent of the composition of the BHJ. Organic photovoltaic performances of BHJ blends are also measured in this contribution. The correlation between device performance and energetic disorder of the BHJ will be discussed. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Raman and photoluminescence studies of transitions of quantum‐confined acceptors
Authors: Huang Hai‐Bei , Zheng Wei‐Min , Cong Wei‐Yan , Meng Xiang‐Yan , Zhai Jian‐Bo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe internal transitions of Be acceptors confined in the center of GaAs/AlAs multiple quantum wells are investigated by Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. A series of Be δ‐doped GaAs/AlAs multiple quantum wells with doping at the well center and well widths ranging from 30 to 200 Å were grown on (100) GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Both the Raman and PL spectra were measured at 4 and 20 K, respectively. The confined longitudinal optical (LO) modes, and transitions of Be acceptors from the 1S3/2(Γ6) ground state to 2S3/2(Γ6) first excited state were clearly observed in Raman spectra. Two‐hole transitions of the acceptor‐bound excitons from the 1S3/2(Γ6) ground state to the 2S3/2(Γ6) first excited state were also observed. It is found that the experimental results in the Raman spectra are close to those measured in the PL experiments.
From configuration interaction to coupled cluster theory: The quadratic configuration interaction approach
Authors: Cremer Dieter 
Published: January 2013

AbstractConfiguration interaction (CI) theory has dominated the first 50 years of quantum chemistry before it was replaced by many‐body perturbation theory and coupled cluster theory. However, even today it plays an important role in the education of everybody who wants to enter the realm of quantum chemistry. Apart from this, full CI is the method of choice for getting exact energies for a given basis set. The development of CI theory from the early days of quantum chemistry up to our time is described with special emphasis on the size‐extensivity problem, which after its discovery has reduced the use of CI methods considerably. It led to the development of the quadratic CI (QCI) approach as a special form of size‐extensive CI. Intimately linked with QCI is the scientific dispute between QCI developers and their opponents, who argued that the QCI approach in its original form does not lead to a set of size‐extensive CI methods. This dispute was settled when it was shown that QCI in its original form can be converted into a generally defined series of size‐extensive methods, which however have to be viewed as a series of simplified coupled cluster methods rather than a series of size‐extensive CI methods. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article is categorized under:

Electronic Structure Theory > Ab Initio Electronic Structure Methods
A Mobile Colonoscopic Unit for Lynch Syndrome: Trends in Surveillance Uptake and Patient Experiences of Screening in a Developing Country
Authors: Bruwer Zandrè , Futter Merle , Ramesar Raj 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Genetic and Endoscopic Surveillance Clinic is an annual outreach service offering accessible colonoscopic surveillance to known families with Lynch syndrome living in remote areas of the Western and Northern Cape Province of South Africa. Unfortunately attendance at this outreach clinic has been declining over several years and fewer than a quarter of participants, attending for surveillance, have been adherent with all their recommended screening appointments. Concerns exist for non‐adherent individuals as screening can prevent colorectal cancer by removing the precancerous lesion or enabling the treatment of a malignancy at an early stage. This study explored the experience of surveillance from both the non‐adherers’ and adherers’ perspectives and identified unique factors affecting attendance at the outreach clinic. Rates of compliance are calculated for 191 mutation‐positive cases of Lynch syndrome, using strict attendance criteria, and compared to figures obtained from self‐reported attendance. Non‐compliance was under‐reported and compliance was exaggerated when basing data on self‐reported adherence to recommendations. Specific characteristics of the outreach clinic affecting compliance are identified and recommendations are made to facilitate improvements to the service. These improvements can result in increased compliance with screening regimens and ultimately reduce cancer‐related mortality.
Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities of Quercus liaotungensis along local slopes in the temperate oak forests on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Zhang Jian , Taniguchi Takeshi , Tateno Ryunosuke , Xu Ming , Du Sheng , Liu Guo‐Bin , Yamanaka Norikazu 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTopographic factors strongly affect the diversity of plants and local environmental conditions, yet little is known about their effects on the distribution of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF). By combining morphological and molecular identification methods, we investigated the relationship between EMF communities of Quercus liaotungensis and topographic factors along local slopes in the temperate oak forest on the Loess Plateau of northwest China. ITS‐RFLP analysis revealed a high diversity of EMF taxa (135 taxa) associated with Q. liaotungensis along three local slopes. EMF communities among slope sites or slope positions, tended to share major common EMF species, which accounted for more than 80 % of the total EMF abundance, and showed a diverse distribution, which mainly related to rare species. Ordination analyses showed that EMF taxa distribution was significantly correlated with several environmental variables (slope site, slope position, slope gradient, and soil C:N). Topography‐mediated changes of environmental conditions may be important determinants of the distribution of EMF taxa along local slopes (slope position and slope site) in the central Loess Plateau.
Speciality interests and career calling to medicine among first-year medical
students
Authors: Borges Nicole J. , Manuel R. Stephen , Duffy Ryan D. 
Published: January 2013

The construct of calling has recently been applied to the vocation of medicine. We
explored whether medical students endorse the presence of a calling or a search for a
calling and how calling related to initial speciality interest. 574 first-year medical
students (84 % response rate) were administered the Brief Calling Survey and indicated
their speciality interest. For presence of a calling, the median response was mostly
true for: ‘I have a calling to a particular kind of work’ and moderately true for: ‘I
have a good understanding of my calling as it applies to my career’. For search for a
calling, median response was mildly true: ‘I am trying to figure out my calling in my
career’ and ‘I am searching for my calling as it applies to my career’. Mann–Whitney U
(p < 0.05) results indicate that students interested in primary care (n = 185) versus
non-primary care (n = 389) are more likely to endorse the presence of a calling.
Students were more likely to endorse the presence of a calling rather than a search for
a calling, with those interested in primary care expressing stronger presence of a
calling to medicine.
Acceptability and use of emergency contraception among married women in Bangalore, India
Authors: Rocca Corinne H. , Shankar Mridula , Sreevathsa Anuradha , Krishnan Suneeta 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess knowledge, acceptability, and use of emergency contraceptive pills (ECs) among lower‐income married women in Bangalore, India.MethodsEC counseling and supplies were offered to 322 women aged 18–25 years participating in a longitudinal reproductive health study. Participants completed interviews at enrollment and were followed for 1 year. EC acceptability and use were assessed, and factors associated with use were identified.Results206/320 (64.4%) participants did not desire pregnancy but only 46/321 (14.3%) used an intrauterine device or contraceptive pills. Only 25 (7.8%) had heard of ECs. Overall, 123 (38.2%) participants requested advance provisions of ECs after counseling. Over a year, 37/263 (14.1%) women used ECs, usually within 3 days of unprotected sex (33 [89.2%]), and 32 (86.5%) took both pills together or 1 day apart. Thirty‐six (97.3%) felt glad and 31 (83.8%) were relieved after taking ECs. Twenty‐five (67.6%) women who used ECs sought permission from their husbands. The only factor associated with EC use was couples' pregnancy intentions (odds ratio 4.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.43–15.58; P ≤ 0.01).ConclusionIndian women with access to ECs generally used them correctly and found them acceptable. Efforts to expand EC knowledge and access should be coupled with efforts to promote gender equality in the reproductive sphere.
Description of fracture zones based on the structural inhomogeneity of the reflector deformation field
Authors: Glukhmanchuk E.D. , Vasilevskiy A.N. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The role of fracture and faulting zones in the filtration inhomogeneity of productive formations in oil and gas fields has been considered. The absence of fracture or faulting zones from geological and, consequently, hydrodynamical models reduces the flooding efficiency and the oil recovery factor in general.
The current situation results from the underdevelopment of methods for the mapping and classification of fracture zones based on seismic-prospecting data. For example, the use of the seismic-horizon gradient method makes it possible to describe only complete rock fracturing at tectonic-block boundaries.
We propose to use the structural inhomogeneity of the deformation field of seismic horizons for a more complete description and classification of fracture zones by the faulting regime. This parameter is suitable not only for late but also for early stages of faulting and describes block-boundary deformations more accurately than gradients. The example of a West Siberian oil and gas field showed that the production wells from the J1 productive formation in the faulting zones with the calculated post-Cenomanian structural inhomogeneity of the deformation field have considerably higher discharges owing to fracture permeability.
Composition of drainage mine waters interacting with sulfide-containing rock: a predictive estimation
Authors: Edelev A.V. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The development of the predictive estimation of drainage waters of sulfide-containing wastes from mining industry attracts much attention. Investigation of the particular objects permits the development of empirical dependences for analysis of various situations in similar technogenic systems. In this contribution, the acid and neutralization potentials of the waste rocks from the Veduginskoe and Taseevskoe gold deposits were calculated from the measured contents of sulfide sulfur and CO32–. Accelerated-leaching experiments (peroxide and dynamic) were carried out, and pH values, acidity and alkalinity (titrated and calculated), and metal (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Co) concentrations were determined. The values of net acid generation potential were compared with the chemical composition of model drainage waters. The data were correlated with the physicochemical processes in the water-rock system. The value of net acid generation potential was proposed to use for estimating the chemical composition of mine waters.
Scorpion Stings Presenting to an Emergency Department in Singapore With Special Reference to Isometrus Maculatus
Authors: Tan Hock Heng , Mong Rupeng 
Published: January 2013

Objective We describe the epidemiology and clinical features of scorpion stings presenting to an emergency department in Singapore, including that of the venomous species Isometrus maculatus. A management approach to scorpion stings is proposed. Methods A retrospective study was done for patients from 2004 to 2009. Cases were identified by searching through emergency department records with ICD code E905, inpatient records, and the hospital toxicology service records. Identification of species was assisted by the Venom and Toxin research program at the National University of Singapore. Results A total of 13 cases of scorpion stings were identified. Eleven stings occurred locally, and the remaining 2 stings occurred in neighboring countries. The most common presenting symptoms were pain (92%), numbness (31%), and weakness (23%) confined to the region of the sting. The most common clinical signs recorded were redness (77%), tenderness (77%), and swelling (46%). Only 2 patients had significant alterations of vital signs: 1 had hypertension and the other had hypotension from anaphylaxis. Three patients experienced complications (abscess formation, anaphylaxis, cellulitis) requiring inpatient management. There were no fatalities, and all patients made a good recovery. Three cases were identified to be stings from I maculatus. These cases occurred locally, and mainly had clinical features of pain, redness, and mild regional numbness. Conclusions Scorpion stings are uncommon presentations to the emergency department. Most stings cause local reactions that can be managed with supportive treatment. Stings by I maculatus were observed to cause mild, self-limiting effects.