bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-phase model for moisture transport in wood supported by X-ray computed tomography data
Authors: Dsouza Royson D. , Harjupatana Tero , Miettinen Arttu , Brandstätter Florian , Harju Anni , Venäläinen Martti , Möttönen Veikko , Borrega Marc , Paajanen Antti , Füssl Josef , Fortino Stefania 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study investigates the dynamics of moisture transport in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) heartwood and sapwood, under alternating drying and wetting cycles, incorporating interactions between bound water, free water, and water vapor using a multi-phase model. Cylindrical specimens oriented longitudinally, radially, and tangentially were subjected to controlled relative humidity (RH) steps of 33%, 94%, and 64% at 23

$$^\circ$$

∘

C. High-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) provided detailed, time-resolved measurements of moisture distributions within the wood. A multi-phase model was developed that couples Fickian diffusion (for bound water and vapor) with Darcy’s law (for free water), supplemented by phase-conversion terms that account for evaporation and sorption. Key parameters, including absolute and relative permeabilities, direction-dependent vapor diffusivity reductions, thermal conductivity tensors, and free water transport formulations, were determined by matching predicted moisture profiles to the CT measurements. Among concentration and mixed concentration-pressure formulations for free water model, the mixed approach produced the most accurate match. The CT images revealed a rapid depletion of free water during the initial drying step, followed by distinct variations in bound water content as the RH was raised and lowered. Numerical simulations closely replicated these trends, indicating that the calibrated model effectively represents moisture transport both above and below the fiber saturation point.
Cubic calcite and its structural phase transitions
Authors: Yang Yang , Lin Yixin , Ding Xiangdong , Howard Christopher J. , Salje Ekhard K. H. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Calcite, CaCO3, has been reported to exist in as many as seven different structural forms. The structure at room temperature and pressure (space group R

$$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

c, ‘Phase I’) was established by Bragg many years ago. A phase transition to a higher temperature phase (space group R

$$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

m, ‘Phase V’) was noted to occur at around 1240 K—this may proceed via an intermediate phase (space group again R

$$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

c, referred to as ‘Phase IV’). These phases differ primarily in the disposition of the CO3 groups. Additional phases are found at higher pressures. We report a para-phase (parent phase, virtual prototype, aristotype) which assists in understanding the different phases, the phase transitions, and especially the domain structures and twin wall boundaries associated with these transitions. Molecular dynamics methods were used to study the temperature evolution of an isothermal-isobaric (NPT) ensemble of some 384,000 atoms. These computations reproduced the features of the known structures in R

$$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

c and R

$$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

m and then, at higher temperature, revealed a structure of the sodium chloride type (space group Fm

$$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

m) in which the entities were the Ca2+ cation and the CO3
2− anion, this latter with effectively spherical symmetry. On this basis we have upon cooling a necessarily first order ferroelastic transition from cubic Fm

$$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

m to rhombohedral R

$$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

m, computed to occur at a simulated temperature of 1900 K, and a possibly continuous transition from the R

$$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

m to rhombohedral (on a doubled cell) R

$$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

c computed to occur at about 1525 K. The computations also allowed us to follow the domain structure and twin walls as a function of temperature, during both heating and cooling. The structure just below the R

$$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

m to R

$$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

c transition shows strong disorder in the orientation of the CO3 groups, and this may be what is sometimes referred to as Phase IV. The domain structure just below the cubic to rhombohedral transition shows twinning of typical ferroelastic character. The doubling of the cell below the R

$$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

m to rhombohedral (on a doubled cell) R

$$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

c leads to a more complicated twin pattern. Indeed, the different structures can be identified from patterns of twinning. Differences between domain structures obtained on heating and cooling indicate extensive thermal metastabilities.
Climate change analysis from LRD manifold functional regression
Authors: P. Ovalle–Muñoz Diana , Ruiz–Medina M. Dolores 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work is motivated by the problem of predicting downward solar radiation flux spherical maps from the observation of atmospheric pressure at high cloud bottom. To this aim nonlinear functional regression is implemented under strong–correlated functional data. The link operator reflects the heat transfer in the atmosphere. A latent parametric linear functional regression model reduces uncertainty in the support of this operator. An additive long–memory manifold–supported functional time series error models persistence in time of random fluctuations observed in the response. Time is incorporated via the scalar covariates in the latent linear functional regression model. The functional regression parameters in this model are supported on a connected and compact two point homogeneous space. Its generalized least–squares (GLS) parameter estimation is achieved. When the second–order structure of the functional error term is unknown, its minimum contrast estimation is obtained in the spectral domain. The performance of the theoretical and plug–in nonlinear functional regression predictors is illustrated in the simulation study undertaken in the sphere. The Supplementary Material provides a detailed empirical analysis in the one way ANOVA context. The real–data application extends the purely spatial statistical analysis of atmospheric pressure at high cloud bottom, and downward solar radiation flux in Alegría et al. (Electron J Stat 15(1):2360–2392, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1214/21-EJS1842) to the spatiotemporal context.
Phenomenological analysis of the electrical behavior of helical gears to identify sensory utilizable effects for condition monitoring approaches
Authors: Hausmann Maximilian , Koetz Florian , Kirchner Eckhard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this contribution the electrical behavior of helical gear contacts is investigated. The investigation is based on impedance measurements obtained on an industrial gearbox test bench. The results are analyzed to identify the qualitative influence of rotation speed, load, rotation direction, load direction and surface alterations. Furthermore, potentials and limitations of utilizing the electrical behavior of helical gear contacts for condition monitoring applications are discussed. The investigations show that the lubrication condition can be qualitatively identified based on the characteristics of the electrical behavior of the gear contact. Important influencing factors for the lubrication film thickness and consequently the impedance of the gear contact can be determined to be rotation speed and load but also rotation and load direction. Surface alterations like damages but also tooth pitch deviations in the region of single digit micrometers can be seen to have a measurable influence on the impedance signal of the gear contact. These effects can potentially be used for condition monitoring approaches. However, the ambiguity of the impedance signal due to the high number of influencing factors remains a limitation of this new measurement method. Another factor for the ambiguity of the impedance signal is the simultaneous contact of multiple teeth which are not distinguishable in the impedance signal. This contribution shows the potentials and limitations for the sensory utilization of the electrical behavior of helical gear contacts and highlights novel research gaps.
Pons metabolite alterations in narcolepsy type 1
Authors: Mitolo Micaela , Pizza Fabio , Manners David Neil , Guidi Lucia , Venneri Annalena , Morandi Luca , Tonon Caterina , Plazzi Giuseppe , Lodi Raffaele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is a rare central sleep disorder characterized by a selective loss of hypocretin/orexin (hcrt)-producing neurons in the postero-lateral hypothalamus that project to widespread areas of the brain and brainstem. The aim of this study was to explore in a group of NT1 patients the metabolic alterations in the pons and their associations with disease features.

Methods
Twenty-one NT1 patients (16 M) and twenty age-matched healthy controls (10 M) underwent a brain 1H MRS on a 1.5 T GE Medical Systems scanner. Metabolite content of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and myo-inositol (mI) were estimated relative to creatine (Cr), using LCModel 6.3. Clinical data were also collected with validated questionnaires, polysomnography, the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), Cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 (CSF hcrt-1) concentration and genetic markers.

Results
NT1 patients compared with healthy controls showed lower NAA/Cr ratio (p = 0.007) and NAA/mI ratio (p = 0.011) in the pons. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale score showed a significant negative correlation with NAA/Cr content (p = 0.023), MSLT sleep latency a negative correlation with the mI/Cr ratio (p = 0.008), and sleep onset REM periods a positive correlation with the mI/Cr ratio (p = 0.027). CSF hcrt-1 levels were positively correlated with the NAA/Cr ratio (p = 0.039) and negatively with the mI/Cr ratio (p = 0.045) and the Cho/Cr ratio (p = 0.026).

Conclusion
The metabolic alterations found in the pons of NT1 patients using the MR Spectroscopy technique were associated with subjective and objective disease severity measures, highlighting the crucial role of this biomarker in the pathophysiology of the disease.
Vulnerability of structures and infrastructure to wildfires: a perspective into assessment and mitigation strategies
Authors: Naser M. Z. , Kodur Venkatesh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Drawing from historical and recent events, this perspective reports the aftermath of the rise in wildfire frequency and intensity, specifically focusing on the vulnerability of structures (i.e., human settlements and infrastructure) and associated losses. We show that the factors contributing to structure losses are diverse and can span environmental/climate dynamics, consequences of urban planning and existing building codes, and human-induced influence. We also present a few case studies of notable wildfire events to offer valuable insights and lessons on how such fires shaped structures and infrastructure losses. This perspective also shows that wildfire risk can be reduced by emphasizing fire-resistant construction, strategic urban planning, public education, and leveraging technological advancements. Finally, this perspective concludes with an emphasis on proactive mitigation measures to safeguard our built environments and communities against the escalating threat of wildfires.
Phase portraits and bifurcations induced by static and dynamic friction models
Authors: Bekesi Balazs J. , Antali Mate , Csernak Gabor 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The paper discusses the phase-space structure of six variants of a simple mechanical system that differ in the applied friction model. It is shown that many properties of the Coulomb and the Stribeck models, such as the number of equilibria and their stability, are inherited by the Dahl and the LuGre dynamic friction models, respectively. Exploiting similar relationships, a Coulomb-based and a Stribeck-based version of the Generalized Maxwell-Slip model are also introduced. The detailed analysis of these models reveals a surprisingly rich variety of equilibrium types and bifurcations. Moreover, it is highlighted that the most frequently used values of the Stribeck exponent may lead to atypical results such that even a small deviation from these values changes the bifurcation scenario.
A Non-coercive Prevention Cascade Using a Cash-Plus Model for Legally Involved Youth: a Multi-method Study of Feasibility, Acceptability, and Engagement Outcomes
Authors: Walker Sarah C. , Bishop Asia S. , Gudino Juan , Parnes McKenna , Dean Taquesha , Azman Alya A. , Vick Kristin , Gubner Noah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Youth involved in the criminal legal system (YILS) are more likely to experience significant disruptions in social determinants of health. This contributes to, and is reciprocally affected by, ongoing contact with the legal system. Using multiple methods, the current study examined the feasibility and impact of a prevention cascade model designed to universally identify and address early signals of social determinants of health needs including housing and family cohesion using a cash-plus, navigator model. The analysis included 147 youth referred to the Housing Stability for Youth in Courts (HSYNC) program from four juvenile courts in one northwestern state from 2019 through 2022. Analyses revealed youth and families receiving cash-plus were five times more likely to engage in recommended services. Engagement in services across all types of need severity (prevention and crisis) exceeded published benchmarks for other prevention and intervention engagement models. These findings suggest non-coercive services using cash-plus is a highly promising model for connecting YILS and their families to services designed to strengthen social determinants of health.
Dual Intent in Dual-language Programs: Internet Data Mining of School District Communications
Authors: Borchers Conrad , Darriet Clémence , Rosenberg Joshua M. , López Francesca 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Public Internet Data Mining methods enable studying educational institutions' public-facing communication. Multiple online data sources can illuminate differences in how different audiences are addressed online, opening the door for critical inquiry into emerging issues of representation and targeted advertising. The present study presents a case study to exemplify this potential in Dual language education (DLE). Critical theories posit that communications about these programs may be exclusionary to minority groups and threaten equity. This research leverages large-scale public records of public Facebook posts and websites of United States school districts to investigate how districts communicate about DLE. Districts that mentioned DLE on Facebook or the web exhibited higher proportions of Hispanic language learners. Hispanic students generally were represented more on Facebook than on the web. Linguistic differences between DLE mentions on Facebook and the web indicate that Facebook might be used to recruit students for DLE. These findings highlight discrepancies in communication strategies across platforms and underscore the potential for multi-source data analysis to uncover equity-related challenges and opportunities in educational communication. By integrating demographic data with public online content, this study demonstrates how critical lenses can reveal patterns of inclusion and exclusion in public communication and how they relate to different intended audiences.
Genetically Proxied Phosphodiesterase Type 5 (PDE5) Inhibition and Risk of Dementia: A Drug Target Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Brennan Stephen O. , Tinworth Alexander C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Phosphodiesterase−5 (PDE5) inhibitors have gained interest as a potential treatment for dementia. However, current evidence is limited to observational and pre-clinical studies. We conducted a drug-target Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the on-target effects of pharmacological PDE5 inhibition on dementia subtypes and related phenotypes. We selected variants from around the PDE5A locus associated with diastolic and systolic blood pressure, as well as circulating PDE5A levels, to create three instruments for genetically proxied PDE5A inhibition. Using two-sample MR, we validated the instruments against erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension before assessing their associations with dementia subtypes, dementia-related proteins, and neuroimaging traits. After correcting for multiple comparisons, genetically proxied PDE5 inhibition, per one SD lower in diastolic blood pressure, was associated with higher odds of Alzheimer’s disease (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.07–1.11) and Lewy body dementia (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.23–1.41), but a trend towards lower odds of vascular dementia across all instruments. Genetically proxied PDE5 inhibition was associated with both beneficial and adverse effects on brain MRI traits. This included lower volumes of white matter hyperintensities (SD change − 0.035, 95% CI − 0.025, − 0.045), indicating potential benefits, but also reduced volumes of other structures, including the thalamus, suggesting potential adverse effects. PDE5 inhibition was associated with the concentrations of several proteins implicated in dementia pathophysiology. Our findings suggest that while PDE5 inhibition may be associated with a lower risk of vascular dementia, possibly by preventing white matter hyperintensities, it may increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease and Lewy body dementia, warranting further investigation before clinical trials.
Left atrial size and echocardiographic diastolic parameters as predictors of incident atrial fibrillation in older hospitalized patients
Authors: Yin Yan , Li Yanguang , Wang Lili , Li Qiaoyuan , Liu Xu , Hu Zhipeng , Zhang Jiawei , Zhang Tao , Liang Zhuo , Chen ShaoMin , Wang Yunlong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The associations between left atrial (LA) size, echocardiographic diastolic parameter (E/A ratio), and incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in older inpatients remain underexplored.

Aims
This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between LA size, E/A ratio, and AF risk in older hospitalized patients.

Methods
Between January 2015 and May 2023, a total of 2,615 older inpatients (aged ≥ 65 years) were enrolled in this retrospective longitudinal study. Left atrial diameter (LAD) and E/A ratio were measured using transthoracic echocardiography.

Results
Over a median follow-up of 844 days (IQR: 331–1355 days), 209 patients (8.0%) experienced at least one incident of AF. After adjusting for covariates, large LA and high E/A ratio were significantly associated with incident AF, with an 11% increase in risk for each 1 mm increase in LAD over 35 mm (adjusted HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.10–1.13) and a 30% increased risk per standard deviation increase in E/A ratio when E/A ratio exceeded 0.65 (adjusted HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.23–1.37), P < 0.001. The influence of LA size and E/A ratio on incident AF was more pronounced in the younger subgroup of older adults. Incorporating LAD and E/A ratios into the CHA2DS2-VASc score improved its predictive accuracy (AUC increase = 0.168, P < 0.001).

Discussion
This study shows that LA size and E/A ratio are key predictors of AF in hospitalized older patients, with age influencing their predictive value. Incorporating these factors into the CHA2DS2-VASc score enhances risk stratification and highlights the need for early AF screening in this group.

Conclusions
In hospitalized older patients, large LA and high E/A ratio are associated with incident AF, and these associations are more pronounced in younger individuals. LAD and E/A ratios provide incremental predictive value for AF beyond the CHA2DS2-VASc score.

Graphical Abstract
LA, left atrium; ASE: American Society of Echocardiography; E, mitral inflow velocity in the early diastolic phase; A, mitral inflow velocity in the late diastolic phase; AF: Atrial Fibrillation.
The Need to Distinguish between “Lapse” and “Relapse”
Authors: Brown Katherine R. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Over the last decade, behavior analysts have become increasingly interested in relapse and have used the term to describe the reemergence of problem behavior following successful reductions achieved during clinical intervention. Nonetheless, some elements of the current terminology may interfere with behavior analysts’ efforts to examine, predict, and mitigate the conditions that lead to the reemergence of severe problem behavior in clinical settings. The current article (1) describes how the term “relapse” has been used in the field of behavior analysis and fails to capture more nuanced effects observed in the reemergence of problem behavior; (2) suggests use of the terms “lapse” and “relapse” to capture these distinct effects; and (3) outlines the positive impact enhanced technological distinction between the concept of “lapse” and “relapse” could have on clinical research and practice.
Developing novel test for allergy diagnostics: using today’s biochemical techniques
Authors: Whitters Eric , Rodems Kelline , Tao Yinglei , de Poorter Tom 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
The key to moving beyond “bucket chemistry” in allergy testing is to tightly control the sourcing, analysis, and performance testing of the extracts used. It is imperative that each allergen extract be scrutinized using today’s biochemical techniques as an active part of the qualification process rather than the ones developed almost 30 years ago for the technologies of the 1990s. Characterization of allergens demystifies the source material and provides results in the clinical lab that are less ambiguous and are more closely related with the clinical status of the patient.

Methods and results
This article delivers a technical overview that outlines the requisite steps for diagnostic companies to characterize, analyze, and qualify allergen extracts, mixtures, and components integrated into their platforms. It also evaluates diverse technologies employed in both singleplex and multiplex diagnostics, highlighting the incorporation of more precisely defined biochemical materials in their product offerings.

Conclusion
The primary goal of this review is to provide laboratory professionals and clinicians with a systematic approach to ensure that extracts meet stringent performance requirements crucial for dependable allergen-specific IgE testing.