bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Authigenic U in the Palaeoproterozoic Gulcheru Formation in the Southwestern Margin of the Cuddapah Basin, South India
Authors: Basu Himadri , Umamaheswar K. , Sastry R.S.N. , Chaki Anjan 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Proterozoic Cuddapah basin is a well established U province of India. Both the sediments and the basement granitoids of this basin are characterized by higher abundances of intrinsic U. Remobilization of this intrinsic U had presumably played a role in the formation of the deposits found in this basin. While intrinsic U in the granitoids is controlled mainly by the factors of igneous crystallization, in siliciclastics it is contributed from the detrital and the authigenic (non-detrital) sources. Authigenic U in fine siliciclastics is generally determined by estimating its detrital U with reference to the Th/U ratio of a reference rock. Considering the influence of sedimentological factors like recycling, mixing, hydraulic sorting on Th and the differential chemical stability of U and Th in the near-surface depositional conditions, detrital proxies viz. Al and Ti are taken here for estimating the detrital U.
Authigenic U in the mudrocks of the Gulcheru Formation is estimated at 3.33 ppm and 4.03 ppm with reference to the Th/U and the U/Ti ratios, respectively, of the average Proterozoic cratonic shale. Considering the differences in the stability of Th and U in the sedimentary domain, the former is taken as lower and the latter as higher estimates. The redox-sensitive metal ratios (Ni/Co, V/Cr) indicated that U authigenesis in the Gulcheru Formation took place mainly in oxic-dysoxic water. This study also elucidates the bearing of authigenesis on the elevated intrinsic U abundances in the mudrocks of the Gulcheru Formation.
Strain Estimation of Folds, Orbiculites and Quartz Phenocrysts in the Ambaji Basin of the South Delhi Terrane, Aravalli-Delhi Mobile Belt, NW India and its Tectonic Implication
Authors: Mahadani Tanushree , Biswal Tapas Kumar , Mukherjee Tanmay 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Ambaji basin in the south Delhi terrane of Aravalli-Delhi Mobile Belt consists of greenschist facies rocks which are intruded by 850-750 Ma Ambaji granites and several phases of quartz and pegmatite veins. The basin is tectonically juxtaposed against the Balaram-Kui-Surpagla-Kengora Granulite Complex. In this paper the deformation structures of the Ambaji basin has been studied and strain has been measured using different markers like folds, orbiculites and quartz phenocrysts and its tectonic implication has been discussed. Strain due to folding has been expressed in terms of shortening that has been estimated using wavelength / arc length ratio. Since the folds belong to Class 1C geometry, the arc length of the parent Class 1B fold has been calculated after removing the homogeneous strain component from Class 1C fold. The above technique was verified by drawing a Class 1B fold and modifying to Class 1C by homogeneous strain in Macromedia FreeHand MX software. Further, this was cross checked by measuring strain in two strain ellipses that represent respectively shortening in Class 1B and Class 1C folds. The shortening was estimated to be ca. 65% and 55% during F1 and F2 folding respectively. In order to know the finite strain in the folded rocks the deformed orbiculites in the metabasalt and quartz phenocrysts in the metarhyolite and granites have been analysed by Normalized Fry techniques. An apparent flattening strain with about 10 to 23 % volume loss has been estimated; correlation between inclinations of the longer axis of strain ellipse with strain suggests layer parallel shear to be the primary cause of folding. It has been suggested that buckling associated with moderate shortening and low volume loss are responsible for the deformation in the low grade rocks of Ambaji basin during evolution of South Delhi Terrane.
Evidence of Shock Pressure above 600 kilobar and Post-shock Annealing in Nyaung IIIAB Octahedrite
Authors: Ray D. , Ghosh S. , Murty S.V.S. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Nyaung iron is structurally a medium octahedrite (IIIAB) with several large inclusions of troilite-daubreelite aggregates and rare small inclusions of rhabdites. Primary cooling related textures include Widmanstätten structures on mesoscopic scale and large variety of plessites (net, comb and black variety); the latter formed under low temperature through martensitic transformations. Neumann lines (&lt;130 kb) and widely spread matte kamacites (&gt;600 kb) refer to shock- induced secondary changes. Post- shock annealing event is well documented with a large number of microtextures which include disappearance of older Neumann lines and development of decorated Neumann lines, sub-grain boundaries associated with triple point bearing polygonised kamacite, polygonised plessite and spherodised taenite particles; local recrystallisation coupled with degeneration of ε - kamacite, plastic flowage of taenite lamellae and moving grain boundary pinned with taenite beads. Mean cooling rate for Nyaung octahedrite is estimated ~385°C/ Ma with cooling rate variation by a factor of 3.2. Rapid cooling rate is explained in terms of undisturbed fractional crystallisation of small molten core insulated within a very thin silicate mantle.
Field Study of the Positive Flower Structures of the Gombe Inlier, Upper Benue Trough, Northeastern Nigeria
Authors: Jolly Byami A. , Zaborski Peter M. , Anyiam Okwudiri A. , Nzekwe Ebere I. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The Gombe inlier can be considered as a geological microcosm of the Gongola basin as it vividly displays general stratigraphic and structural styles within a relatively small, easily accessible area. The Cretaceous lithostratigraphic sequence of the Gombe inlier has been affected by sinistral strike-slip faults; the Gombe and Wuro Ladde-Wurin Dole faults with a Benue and Gongola trend respectively.
Detailed study of these two faults shows that the Gombe fault is older and synsedimentary fault movement started in at least the mid-Santonian. Precambrian basement upthrust along the Gombe Fault is likely to have initiated during the first of the two compressive events that affected the upper Benue trough; the mid-Santonian N - S to N 174° E compression. The Wuro Ladde - Wurin Dole fault is relatively younger because (1) it sinistrally truncates the Liji hill anticlines that occur at the northern end of Gombe hill, resulting in a NEE - SWW trend, and (2) the orientation of transpressional structures along this fault suggest they developed during the end-Cretaceous N 140° E to N 150° E compression.
Well-preserved transpressional structures along these faults provide the structural geologist a rare field examples to study their 3-dimensional (3D) geometry and kinematic evolution; and also as an analog for interpreting seismic reflection data that images complex strike-slip structures in the sub-surface.
Size Distribution of Particles in High Sulphur Coal Ash and their Chemistry: A Computer-controlled Scanning Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Saikia Binoy K , Das Tonkeswar , Baruah Bimala P 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The computer-controlled scanning electron microscope (CCSEM) technique was applied to the industrially important coal samples from North-East India to understand the distribution of particle size and consequent ash chemistry. The analysis reveals the presence of ash constituents in different particle sizes with dominance of SiO2 and F2O3 in the coal samples. The variations of the excluded and included nature of these constituents in the coals were evaluated, where the included nature was found to be more dominant than that of excluded ones in both the coal samples. Barium exists in the coals as included in nature. Lead was observed to be associated with the organic part of the coal. The particle-size distributions of the ash constituents were used to interpret the slagging chemistry of the coals.
Evaluation of Permeability Characteristics of a Polymer Fibers-reinforced Soil through Laboratory Tests
Authors: Saghari Siamak , Bagheri Ghader , Shabanzadeh Hamid 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
In geotechnical structures due to the requirement of soil with desired characteristics, handling large volumes of soil is needed. In order to improve the characteristics of soil, soil improvement techniques are used; one of them is enrichment of the soil, using different materials.
Given the growing use of fiber in reinforcement and improving the soil strength profile, various tasks are done with the help of fiber-reinforcement to improve the soil strength parameters. But still, changes in other parameters such as coefficient of permeability, especially in fine-grained soils, has not been studied very well. In this paper permeability characteristics of a polymer fibers-reinforced soil has been evaluated. For this reason samples of the fine-grain soil with various length and weight percentages of polymer fiber are mixed and reinforced. Then they are checked for permeability of granular soils (falling-head method) through standard test methods. Also, fiber impacts in different conditions on coefficient of permeability of soil has been evaluated.
Persistence of non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant use in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation: A single‐center observational study
Authors: Shiga Tsuyoshi , Naganuma Miyoko , Nagao Takehiko , Maruyama Kenji , Suzuki Atsushi , Murasaki Kagari , Hagiwara Nobuhisa 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundNon‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) show a favorable balance between efficacy and safety compared with warfarin for patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). In “real‐world” practice, however, NOAC adherence and persistence among patients are not clear. The aim of this study is to evaluate NOAC and warfarin persistence in Japanese patients with NVAF who newly started these drugs.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 401 patients with NVAF who had newly started NOACs during the first 18 months after our hospital adopted their use (197 dabigatran, 107 rivaroxaban, 102 apixaban) and 200 patients with NVAF who had newly started warfarin during the same period. The endpoint was drug discontinuation for each drug.ResultsDuring the follow‐up period (up to a maximum of 24 months), 113 (28%) patients who had newly started NOACs and 33 (17%) patients who had newly started warfarin discontinued the drug. The persistence rates of patients prescribed NOACs was lower than that of patients prescribed warfarin at 3, 6, and 12 months (85% versus 93%, 79% versus 88%, and 70% versus 82%, respectively). One‐tenth of patients who had newly started NOACs discontinued the drug by their own decision. Drug adverse events, worsening renal dysfunction, and patient desire were the major causes of NOAC discontinuation.ConclusionsThe rate of persistence of prescribed NOACs was significantly lower than that of warfarin in Japanese patients with NVAF.
The Effects of Constraint, Size and Aspect Ratio on Thermal Shock Resistance of ZNS Wave-Transparent Ceramic in its Actual Service
Authors: Li W.-G. , Li D.-J. , Cheng T.-B. , Fang D.-N. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe thermal shock resistance (TSR) of ZnS wave-transparent ceramic depends on not only the mechanical and thermal properties of materials, but also the aerodynamic heating, pneumatic pressure, external constraint, size, aspect ratio and other factors in its actual service process. The theoretical model was established by introducing the analytical solution of transient heat conduction problem of ZnS plate under aerodynamic heating into its thermal stress field model and the pneumatic pressure was introduced. The present work mainly focused on the influences of constraint, size and aspect ratio on the critical rupture temperature difference of ZnS plate subjected to aerodynamic heating and pneumatic pressure. The numerical simulation was also conducted to verify the theoretical model. The results show that the large heat transfer condition corresponds to the poor TSR unless the constraint is too strong; the square plate provides the better TSR in case of different pneumatic pressures; a reasonable side length according to the range of pneumatic pressure would lead to the better TSR.
A Review on Application of Dynamic Parameters of Journal Bearing for Vibration and Condition Monitoring
Authors: Narendiranath Babu T. , Manvel Raj T. , Lakshmanan T. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe journal bearings are used to support high-speed rotors in turbo machinery which often operate above the rotor first bending critical speed. This bearing provide both lateral support and dynamic coefficients: Stiffness, damping, and mass terms, related to machine vibrations. The various methods of identifying journal bearing dynamic characteristics, from measured data, obtained from different measurement systems, are reviewed. The various approaches to the bearing identification problem are discussed. The various data processing methods in the time and frequency domains are presented. Also, vibration and condition monitoring techniques are presented. In this review, the relative strengths and weaknesses of bearing are presented and developments and trends in improving bearing measurements are documented. Future trends of journal bearing are discussed.
Muscle architecture during the course of development ofDiplostomum pseudospathaceumNiewiadomska, 1984 (Trematoda, Diplostomidae) from cercariae to metacercariae
Authors: Petrov A. , Podvyaznaya I. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecent confocal microscopy studies have greatly expanded our knowledge of muscle systems in cercariae and adult digeneans, but the gross anatomy and development of metacercarial musculature remain relatively little known. To further our understanding of metacercarial development, this study used phalloidin staining and confocal microscopy to examine changes in muscle architecture over the course of development from cercariae to infective metacercariae inDiplostomum pseudospathaceumNiewiadomska, 1984. The paper describes muscle development in the body wall, anterior organ (oral sucker), acetabulum, pharynx and midgut and in the musculo-glandular organs that first appear in metacercariae (lappets and holdfast). The muscle architecture of the cercarial tail is also described. The results of the study support previously reported observations that diplostomid musculature undergoes substantial transformation during metacercarial development. The most profound changes, involving extensive remodelling and replacement of cercarial muscles, were seen in the body-wall musculature and in the anterior organ as it developed into the oral sucker. Muscle systems of other cercarial organs showed more gradual changes. The adaptive importance of developmental changes in musculature is discussed.
EQUALITY VERSUS PRIORITY: A USEFUL DISTINCTION
Authors: Broome John 
Published: May 2015

Abstract:Both egalitarianism and prioritarianism give value to equality. Prioritarianism has an additively separable value function whereas egalitarianism does not. I show that in some cases prioritarianism and egalitarianism necessarily have different implications: I describe two alternatives G and H such that egalitarianism necessarily implies G is better than H whereas prioritarianism necessarily implies G and H are equally good. I also raise a doubt about the intelligibility of prioritarianism.
PDGFRα demarcates the cardiogenic clonogenic Sca1+ stem/progenitor cell in adult murine myocardium
Authors: Noseda Michela , Harada Mutsuo , McSweeney Sara , Leja Thomas , Belian Elisa , Stuckey Daniel J. , Abreu Paiva Marta S. , Habib Josef , Macaulay Iain , de Smith Adam J. , al-Beidh Farah , Sampson Robert , Lumbers R. Thomas , Rao Pulivarthi , Harding Sian E. , Blakemore Alexandra I. F. , Eirik Jacobsen Sten , Barahona Mauricio , Schneider Michael D. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractCardiac progenitor/stem cells in adult hearts represent an attractive therapeutic target for heart regeneration, though (inter)-relationships among reported cells remain obscure. Using single-cell qRT–PCR and clonal analyses, here we define four subpopulations of cardiac progenitor/stem cells in adult mouse myocardium all sharing stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1), based on side population (SP) phenotype, PECAM-1 (CD31) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFRα) expression. SP status predicts clonogenicity and cardiogenic gene expression (Gata4/6, Hand2 and Tbx5/20), properties segregating more specifically to PDGFRα+ cells. Clonal progeny of single Sca1+ SP cells show cardiomyocyte, endothelial and smooth muscle lineage potential after cardiac grafting, augmenting cardiac function although durable engraftment is rare. PDGFRα− cells are characterized by Kdr/Flk1, Cdh5, CD31 and lack of clonogenicity. PDGFRα+/CD31− cells derive from cells formerly expressing Mesp1, Nkx2-5, Isl1, Gata5 and Wt1, distinct from PDGFRα−/CD31+ cells (Gata5 low; Flk1 and Tie2 high). Thus, PDGFRα demarcates the clonogenic cardiogenic Sca1+ stem/progenitor cell.
TCR ITAM multiplicity is required for the generation of follicular helper T-cells
Authors: Hwang SuJin , Palin Amy C. , Li LiQi , Song Ki-Duk , Lee Jan , Herz Jasmin , Tubo Noah , Chu Hamlet , Pepper Marion , Lesourne Renaud , Zvezdova Ekaterina , Pinkhasov Julia , Jenkins Marc K. , McGavern Dorian , Love Paul E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) complex contains 10 copies of a di-tyrosine Immunoreceptor-Tyrosine-based-Activation-Motif (ITAM) that initiates TCR signalling by recruiting protein tyrosine kinases. ITAM multiplicity amplifies TCR signals, but the importance of this capability for T-cell responses remains undefined. Most TCR ITAMs (6 of 10) are contributed by the CD3ζ subunits. We generated ‘knock-in’ mice that express non-signalling CD3ζ chains in lieu of wild-type CD3ζ. Here we demonstrate that ITAM multiplicity is important for the development of innate-like T-cells and follicular helper T-cells, events that are known to require strong/sustained TCR–ligand interactions, but is not essential for ‘general’ T-cell responses including proliferation and cytokine production or for the generation of a diverse antigen-reactive TCR repertoire.
Infrared identification of the Criegee intermediates syn- and anti-CH3CHOO, and their distinct conformation-dependent reactivity
Authors: Lin Hui-Yu , Huang Yu-Hsuan , Wang Xiaohong , Bowman Joel M. , Nishimura Yoshifumi , Witek Henryk A. , Lee Yuan-Pern 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe Criegee intermediates are carbonyl oxides that play critical roles in ozonolysis of alkenes in the atmosphere. So far, the mid-infrared spectrum of only the simplest Criegee intermediate CH2OO has been reported. Methyl substitution of CH2OO produces two conformers of CH3CHOO and consequently complicates the infrared spectrum. Here we report the transient infrared spectrum of syn- and anti-CH3CHOO, produced from CH3CHI + O2 in a flow reactor, using a step-scan Fourier-transform spectrometer. Guided and supported by high-level full-dimensional quantum calculations, rotational contours of the four observed bands are simulated successfully and provide definitive identification of both conformers. Furthermore, anti-CH3CHOO shows a reactivity greater than syn-CH3CHOO towards NO/NO2; at the later period of reaction, the spectrum can be simulated with only syn-CH3CHOO. Without NO/NO2, anti-CH3CHOO also decays much faster than syn-CH3CHOO. The direct infrared detection of syn- and anti-CH3CHOO should prove useful for field measurements and laboratory investigations of the Criegee mechanism.
Protein stabilization utilizing a redefined codon
Authors: Ohtake Kazumasa , Yamaguchi Atsushi , Mukai Takahito , Kashimura Hiroki , Hirano Nobutaka , Haruki Mitsuru , Kohashi Sosuke , Yamagishi Kenji , Murayama Kazutaka , Tomabechi Yuri , Itagaki Takashi , Akasaka Ryogo , Kawazoe Masahito , Takemoto Chie , Shirouzu Mikako , Yokoyama Shigeyuki , Sakamoto Kensaku 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRecent advances have fundamentally changed the ways in which synthetic amino acids are incorporated into proteins, enabling their efficient and multiple-site incorporation, in addition to the 20 canonical amino acids. This development provides opportunities for fresh approaches toward addressing fundamental problems in bioengineering. In the present study, we showed that the structural stability of proteins can be enhanced by integrating bulky halogenated amino acids at multiple selected sites. Glutathione S-transferase was thus stabilized significantly (by 5.2 and 5.6 kcal/mol) with 3-chloro- and 3-bromo-l-tyrosines, respectively, incorporated at seven selected sites. X-ray crystallographic analyses revealed that the bulky halogen moieties filled internal spaces within the molecules and formed non-canonical stabilizing interactions with the neighboring residues. This new mechanism for protein stabilization is quite simple and applicable to a wide range of proteins, as demonstrated by the rapid stabilization of the industrially relevant azoreductase.
3D hierarchical assembly of ultrathin MnO2 nanoflakes on silicon nanowires for high performance micro-supercapacitors in Li- doped ionic liquid
Authors: Dubal Deepak P. , Aradilla David , Bidan Gérard , Gentile Pascal , Schubert Thomas J.S. , Wimberg Jan , Sadki Saïd , Gomez-Romero Pedro 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBuilding of hierarchical core-shell hetero-structures is currently the subject of intensive research in the electrochemical field owing to its potential for making improved electrodes for high-performance micro-supercapacitors. Here we report a novel architecture design of hierarchical MnO2@silicon nanowires (MnO2@SiNWs) hetero-structures directly supported onto silicon wafer coupled with Li-ion doped 1-Methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluromethylsulfonyl)imide (PMPyrrBTA) ionic liquids as electrolyte for micro-supercapacitors. A unique 3D mesoporous MnO2@SiNWs in Li-ion doped IL electrolyte can be cycled reversibly across a voltage of 2.2 V and exhibits a high areal capacitance of 13 mFcm−2. The high conductivity of the SiNWs arrays combined with the large surface area of ultrathin MnO2 nanoflakes are responsible for the remarkable performance of these MnO2@SiNWs hetero-structures which exhibit high energy density and excellent cycling stability. This combination of hybrid electrode and hybrid electrolyte opens up a novel avenue to design electrode materials for high-performance micro-supercapacitors.
Large-scale parallel alignment of platelet-shaped particles through gravitational sedimentation
Authors: Behr Sebastian , Vainio Ulla , Müller Martin , Schreyer Andreas , Schneider Gerold A. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractParallel and concentric alignment of microscopic building blocks into several orders of magnitude larger structures is commonly observed in nature. However, if similarly aligned structures are artificially produced their thickness is generally limited to just about one or two orders of magnitude more than the dimensions of the smallest element. We show that sedimentation provides a promising approach to manufacture solid materials consisting of well-aligned platelet-shaped particles while being more than 30 000 times thicker than the individual particle. Such sediments contain up to 28 vol% of particles without any further treatment and can be densified to 67 vol% particle fraction by subsequent unidirectional pressing. The degree of orientation of the platelet-shaped particles within the sediments was tracked by high-energy X-ray diffraction measurements. The Hermans orientation parameter, a statistical measure of the quality of alignment, was determined to be 0.63 ± 0.03 already for as-sedimented samples while the standard deviation of the orientation distribution of particles, another measure of average misalignment, was found to be (21.5 ± 1.4)°. After pressing, these values further improved to (0.81 ± 0.01) and (14.6 ± 0.4)°, respectively. Such quality of alignment competes with, if not even exceeds, values reported in the literature.