bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The COURAGE Built Environment Outdoor Checklist: An Objective Built Environment Instrument to Investigate the Impact of the Environment on Health and Disability
Authors: Quintas Rui , Raggi Alberto , Bucciarelli Paola , Franco Maria Grazia , Andreotti Alessandra , Caballero Francisco Félix , Olaya Beatriz , Chatterji Somnath , Galas Aleksander , Meriläinen‐Porras Satu , Frisoni Giovanni , Russo Emanuela , Minicuci Nadia , Power Mick , Leonardi Matilde 
Published: July 2013

A tool to assess the built environment, which takes into account issues of disability, accessibility and the need for data comparable across countries and populations, is much needed. The Collaborative Research on Ageing in Europe (COURAGE) in Europe Built Environment Outdoor Checklist (CBE‐OUT) helps us to understand when features of the neighbourhood environment have either a positive or negative impact on the accessibility of neighbourhoods for healthy ageing.The CBE‐OUT is composed of 128 items that can be recorded when present in the evaluated environment. Audits were performed in households randomly selected from each cluster of the sample for Finland, Poland and Spain, following precise rules defined by experts. Global scores were computed both section by section and in the overall checklist, rescaling the resulting scores from 0 (negative environment) to 100 (positive).The total number of completed CBE‐OUT checklists was 2452 (Finland, 245; Poland, 972; and Spain, 1235). Mean global score for our sample is 49.3, suggesting an environment composed both of facilitating and hindering features. Significant differences were observed in the built environment features of the three countries and in particular between Finland and the other two. The assessment of features of built environment is crucial when thinking about ageing and enhanced participation. The COURAGE in Europe project developed this tool to collect information on built environment in an objective evaluation of environmental features and is a recommended methodology for future studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

The CBE‐OUT checklist is an objective evaluation of the built environment and is centred on technical measurement of features present in the environment and has its foundations in the concepts of disability and accessibility operating in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) model.
The CBE‐OUT checklist can be analysed using both the total score and the single section score, allowing an evaluation of the facilitating or hindering role of the environment and is usable for predictive analysis of ageing trends.
The CBE‐OUT checklist makes it possible to collect information about the built environment by means of an objective evaluation of environment features and is a recommended methodology for future studies about the built environment.
Secured flooding time synchronization protocol with moderator
Authors: Huang Ding‐Jie , Teng Wei‐Chung , Yang Kai‐Ting 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThis work aims to address the security vulnerability of the Flooding Time Synchronization Protocol (FTSP), which is currently one of the most popular approaches for time synchronization in wireless sensor networks. FTSP has advanced features, such as implicitly dynamic topology and high time accuracy, but still has unresolved security issues. In order to defend against attacks from malicious nodes, we propose several technologies to reinforce the structure of FTSP. First, a reference node selecting mechanism is proposed to reduce the effect of multiple reference nodes, and four filters are proposed to defend againstseqNumattack, global time attack and node replication attack. Experiment results show that the proposed sequence number blacklist filter and the global time blacklist filter are effective in defending against the aforementioned attacks. Second, a new root selection mechanism is proposed to secure the process of updating the root node. Combining the root selection mechanism with the global time black list filter, the proposed mechanisms successfully defend against traitor attacks on FTSP in our experiment. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective sociodemographic population assessment of elusive species in ecology and conservation management
Authors: Head Josephine S. , Boesch Christophe , Robbins Martha M. , Rabanal Luisa I. , Makaga Loïc , Kühl Hjalmar S. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWildlife managers are urgently searching for improved sociodemographic population assessment methods to evaluate the effectiveness of implemented conservation activities. These need to be inexpensive, appropriate for a wide spectrum of species and straightforward to apply by local staff members with minimal training. Furthermore, conservation management would benefit from single approaches which cover many aspects of population assessment beyond only density estimates, to include for instance social and demographic structure, movement patterns, or species interactions. Remote camera traps have traditionally been used to measure species richness. Currently, there is a rapid move toward using remote camera trapping in density estimation, community ecology, and conservation management. Here, we demonstrate such comprehensive population assessment by linking remote video trapping, spatially explicit capture–recapture (SECR) techniques, and other methods. We apply it to three species: chimpanzeesPan troglodytes troglodytes, gorillasGorilla gorilla gorilla,and forest elephantsLoxodonta cyclotisinLoango National Park,Gabon. All three species exhibited considerable heterogeneity in capture probability at the sex or group level and density was estimated at 1.72, 1.2, and 1.37 individuals per km2and male to female sex ratios were 1:2.1, 1:3.2, and 1:2 for chimpanzees, gorillas, and elephants, respectively. Association patterns revealed four, eight, and 18 independent social groups of chimpanzees, gorillas, and elephants, respectively: key information for both conservation management and studies on the species' ecology. Additionally, there was evidence of resident and nonresident elephants within the study area and intersexual variation in home range size among elephants but not chimpanzees. Our study highlights the potential of combining camera trapping andSECRmethods in conducting detailed population assessments that go far beyond documenting species diversity patterns or estimating single species population size. Our study design is widely applicable to other species and spatial scales, and moderately trained staff members can collect and process the required data. Furthermore, assessments using the same method can be extended to include several other ecological, behavioral, and demographic aspects: fission and fusion dynamics and intergroup transfers, birth and mortality rates, species interactions, and ranging patterns.
Are heat waves susceptible to mitigate the expansion of a species progressing with global warming?
Authors: Robinet Christelle , Rousselet Jérôme , Pineau Patrick , Miard Florie , Roques Alain 
Published: July 2013

AbstractA number of organisms, especially insects, are extending their range in response of the increasing trend of warmer temperatures. However, the effects of more frequent climatic anomalies on these species are not clearly known. The pine processionary moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa, is a forest pest that is currently extending its geographical distribution in Europe in response to climate warming. However, its population density largely decreased in its northern expansion range (near Paris, France) the year following the 2003 heat wave. In this study, we tested whether the 2003 heat wave could have killed a large part of egg masses. First, the local heat wave intensity was determined. Then, an outdoor experiment was conducted to measure the deviation between the temperatures recorded by weather stations and those observed within sun‐exposed egg masses. A second experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions to simulate heat wave conditions (with night/day temperatures of 20/32°C and 20/40°C compared to the control treatment 13/20°C) and measure the potential effects of this heat wave on egg masses. No effects were noticed on egg development. Then, larvae hatched from these egg masses were reared under mild conditions until the third instar and no delayed effects on the development of larvae were found. Instead of eggs, the 2003 heat wave had probably affected directly or indirectly the young larvae that were already hatched when it occurred. Our results suggest that the effects of extreme climatic anomalies occurring over narrow time windows are difficult to determine because they strongly depend on the life stage of the species exposed to these anomalies. However, these effects could potentially reduce or enhance the average warming effects. As extreme weather conditions are predicted to become more frequent in the future, it is necessary to disentangle the effects of the warming trend from the effects of climatic anomalies when predicting the response of a species to climate change.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Cu@C Composite Spheres by a One‐Step Method and Their Use as Sacrificial Templates to Synthesize a CuO@SiO2 Core–Shell Structure
Authors: Cheng Yi , Niu Xiaoyu , Zhao Tieying , Yuan Fulong , Zhu Yujun , Fu Honggang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractCu@C composite spheres with copper nanoparticles dispersed in the carbonaceous matter have been synthesized by a one‐step hydrothermal method by using different copper salts mixed with an aqueous glucose solution. The spheres have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric–differential thermal analysis, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectrocopy. The results show that Cu(NO3)2, CuSO4,and CuCl2 exhibit an accelerating effect on the size of the composite spheres, and microsized composites were obtained. However, a morphological change from irregular cubes and spheres to uniform spheres with a narrow size distribution of 340–400 nm was observed when cupric acetate [Cu(Ac)2] was used. Interestingly, Cu2O, generated in situ from Cu(ac)2, plays an important role in the size of the composite spheres. Moreover, a CuO@SiO2 core–shell structure has been synthesized by using the Cu@C composite spheres as a sacrificial template, and the CO + NO reaction was used as a probe reaction to evaluate its catalytic performance. CuO@SiO2 exhibits excellent catalytic performance in the CO + NO reaction.
Phosphane‐Phosphite Chelators Built on a α‐Cyclodextrin Scaffold: Application in Rh‐Catalysed Asymmetric Hydrogenation and Hydroformylation
Authors: Jouffroy Matthieu , Sémeril David , Armspach Dominique , Matt Dominique 
Published: July 2013

AbstractFour hybrid phosphane‐phosphite ligands were synthesised by regioselective A,B‐functionalisation of a methylated α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) scaffold. In all these ligands the phosphite part comprises a 2,2′‐bisaryloxyphosphanyloxy group. The ligands, which display inherent chirality, readily form 12‐membered chelate rings with d8‐metal ions. In the most flexible chelates (those with an unsubstituted 2,2′‐bisphenoxy group), the metal plane describes a fan‐like motion about the P···P′ axis with concomitant fast atropisomerisation of the biaryl unit. When the latter is blocked, as in the 2,2′‐binaphthyloxyphosphites, the fan‐like motion no longer takes place. Rhodium complexes of the CDs were assessed in asymmetric hydrogenation of α‐dehydroamino acid esters and hydroformylation of styrene. Poor enantiodiscrimination was observed for the highly mobile chelate complexes, whereas the more rigid ones all resulted in significant ee values. The best performing hydrogenation catalyst is the one in which both chiral components – CD and (S)‐binaphthyl – behave in a synergistic way.
Glass/SU‐8 microchip for electrokinetic applications
Authors: Lima Renato Sousa , Carneiro Leão Paulo Augusto Gomes , Monteiro Alessandra Maffei , de Oliveira Piazzetta Maria Helena , Gobbi Angelo Luiz , Mazo Luiz Henrique , Carrilho Emanuel 
Published: July 2013

In this communication, we describe the fabrication and electric characterization of a hybrid glass/SU‐8 microchannels for high‐performance electrokinetic applications. The bonding process employed SU‐8 film as intermediate layer with reduced baking times; all the procedure took less than 50 min (only about 10 min disregarding the cleaning and dehydration steps). Additionally, further steps to improve the adhesion of the substrate to the SU‐8 were not needed. The developed configuration aggregates the advantages of both substrates, including (i) simple fabrication techniques; (ii) high compatibility for integration of microelectromechanical, optical, and electrochemical components (SU‐8); (iii) high and stable electroosmotic mobility (μEO); and (iv) satisfactory heat dissipation capacity (glass). Electroosmotic mobilities were measured as a function of the pH using the current monitoring method, whereas the heat dissipation capacity was investigated through Ohm's law plots for both glass and glass/SU‐8 microchips. The measured μEO values were similar for both microdevices, with mobilities of the order of 4.0–4.5 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 cm−1 at 4–12 pH range using phosphate buffer (10 and 20 mmol/L). The heat dissipation assays were carried out in microchannels filled with 20 mmol/L phosphate buffer. A considerable Joule heating was observed only at electric field strengths greater than 580 V cm−1 in hybrid glass/SU‐8 microdevices, representing a substantial increase of 48% when compared to all SU‐8 microdevices.
Prolonged anxiolytic‐like activity of sandalwood (Santalum album L.) oil in stress‐loaded mice
Authors: Satou Tadaaki , Miyagawa Michiyo , Seimiya Haruna , Yamada Hideo , Hasegawa Toshio , Koike Kazuo 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe fragrance of Santalum album L. (sandalwood) has been used as a sedative. However, few reports have investigated the anxiolytic activity of sandalwood fragrance. Therefore, in this study, we examined the anxiolytic‐like activity of hexane‐extracted sandalwood oil (SAO). Male ICR mice, aged 5 weeks at the start of each experiment, were used. To mimic its clinical use, the effect of SAO after stress loading was investigated. Mice were individually housed in cages for 1 week and subjected to loaded water‐immersion stress for 24 h. Next, SAO inhalation (i.h.) was initiated 90 min prior to the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. As a result, significant anxiolytic‐like activity was observed at 4 μl/l air SAO i.h. In contrast, anxiolytic‐like activity was not observed in non‐stressed control mice. Additionally, mice were subjected to SAO i.h prior to water‐immersion stress for 24 h in order to investigate its prolonged effect. As a result, significant anxiolytic‐like activity was observed at 4 μl/l air SAO i.h. In contrast, anxiolytic‐like activity was not observed in non‐stressed control mice. The above results indicate that the anxiolytic‐like activity of SAO i.h. is revealed under stress conditions and is prolonged for at least 24 h. Since the main components of SAO are (Z)‐α‐santalol (51.1%) and (Z)‐β‐santalol (28.5%), it is proposed that they are involved in mediating the characteristic anxiolytic‐like activity of SAO. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrolysis and Co‐Electrolysis Performance of SOE Short Stacks
Authors: Diethelm S. , herle J. Van , Montinaro D. , Bucheli O. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIn this study, two short SOE stacks (6‐cells) were characterized in steam‐electrolysis mode. The first was based on Ni‐YSZ supported cells with LSCF‐based air electrodes. The second included LSC‐based air electrodes specifically developed within the SOFC600 project. The stacks were fed with a 90% steam, 10% hydrogen mixture, and characterized between 600 and 700 °C. For the LSCF‐based stack, an average cell voltage of 1.6 V was reached at –1 A cm–2 and 700 °C, corresponding to 60% steam conversion. The LSC‐based stack showed better performances, with 1.25 V at –0.8 A cm–2 and 700 °C. Durability tests were performed around the thermoneutral voltage (1.35 V) for resp. 2,400 (LSCF) and 1,500 h (LSC). The average stack degradation rates were resp. +2.8% (kh)–1 (LSCF) and +1.9% (kh)–1 (LSC). Twelve load‐cycles were also performed on the LSC‐stack with no apparent degradation. In addition, co‐electrolysis was performed between 750 and 850 °C by feeding the stack with a 60% H2O, 30% CO2, and 10% H2 mixture. Ninety‐five percent conversion was reached and the measured outlet syngas composition was close to that predicted by thermodynamics. Steam electrolysis tests were carried out in the same conditions for comparison. The stack performance in the co‐electrolysis mode was slightly lower than in the electrolysis mode.
Bonding analysis of planar hypercoordinate atoms via the generalized BLW‐LOL
Authors: Bomble Laetitia , Steinmann Stephan N. , Perez‐Peralta Nancy , Merino Gabriel , Corminboeuf Clemence 
Published: July 2013

The multicenter bonding pattern of the intriguing hexa‐, hepta‐, and octacoordinate boron wheel series (e.g.,
,
,
, and SiB8 as well as the experimentally detected
isomer) is revised using the block‐localized wave function analyzed by the localized orbital locator (BLW‐LOL). The more general implementation of BLW combined with the LOL scalar field is not restricted to the analysis of the out‐of‐plane π‐system but can also provide an intuitive picture of the σ‐radial delocalization and of the role of the central atom. The results confirm the presence of a π‐ring current pattern similar to that of benzene. In addition, the LOLπ isosurfaces along with the maximum intensity in the ΔLOL profiles located above and below the ring suggest that the central atom plays a minor role in the π‐delocalized bonding pattern. Finally, the analysis of the σ‐framework in these boron wheels is in line with a moderated inner cyclic rather than disk‐type delocalization. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of vincristine sulfate liposome injection (VSLI) in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Silverman Jeffrey A. , Reynolds Laurie , Deitcher Steven R. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractVincristine sulfate liposome injection (VSLI,) is a sphingomyelin and cholesterol nanoparticle formulation of vincristine sulfate (VCR) that was designed to overcome the dosing and pharmacokinetic limitations of standard VCR. In contrast to the rapid CL and wide tissue distribution of non‐liposomal VCR, VSLI circulates in plasma for a prolonged period of time, with a slow CL of 345 mL/h and relatively small Vd of 3,570 mL. This facilitates enhanced and prolonged tumor‐tissue delivery of VCR. The maximum tolerated dose of VSLI, 2.25 mg/m2 once per week without a dose cap, enables individual and cumulative VCR exposure unachievable with non‐liposomal VCR at its labeled dose of 1.4 mg/m2. VSLI is associated with a dose‐dependent peripheral neurotoxicity albeit at doses that are two to three times that of standard VCR. VCR dose intensification with VSLI correlated with an increased probability of overall response and a strong trend towards increased complete response in adults with relapsed and/or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Overall, VSLI improves the therapeutic index by facilitating increased dose intensification while maintaining a predictable and manageable safety profile.
Mixotrophic growth of Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis oculata: interaction between glucose and nitrate
Authors: Pagnanelli Francesca , Altimari Pietro , Trabucco Franco , Toro Luigi 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBackgroundA major obstacle to the application of microalgae for bio‐fuel production is light intensity reduction in high density cultures. Mixotrophic operation can solve this problem by exploiting the ability of microalgae to grow on organic carbon in dark conditions. In this article, mixotrophic growth of Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella vulgaris is analyzed. The influence of nitrate and glucose concentration on cell growth in 300 mL Erlenmeyer flasks was investigated using an experimental factorial design. The analysis was extended and validated by analyzing mixotrophic growth in a 6 L bubble column.ResultsThe addition of glucose at concentration 0.1 g L‐1 inhibited or enhanced the growth of Chlorella depending on nitrate concentration, while it increased the growth rate of Nannochloropsis at all nitrate concentrations tested. Statistically significant interaction between glucose and nitrate concentration was revealed for Chlorella; negligible interaction was found for Nannochloropsis. A kinetic characterization, shedding light on the influence of glucose on microalgal growth, was conducted through identification of a Monod‐like model. Experimental tests in 6 L bubble column confirmed for both Chlorella and Nannochloropsis the possibility to significantly enhance growth in the presence of light deficiency through mixotrophic operation.ConclusionsMixotrophic growth is governed by the interaction between organic carbon and nitrogen. This can have a profound impact on kinetic modeling of microalgal growth and on the operation of cultivation systems. Controlling the C/N ratio is in particular fundamental to optimize reactor operation. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Axial super resolution topography of focal adhesion by confocal microscopy
Authors: Chiu Chi‐Li , Gratton Enrico 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTThe protein organization within focal adhesions has been studied by state‐of‐the‐art super resolution methods because of its thin structure, well below diffraction limit. However, to achieve high axial resolution, most of the current approaches rely on either sophisticated optics or diligent sample preparation, limiting their application. In this report we present a phasor‐based method that can be applied to fluorescent samples to determine the precise axial position of proteins using a conventional confocal microscope. We demonstrate that with about 4,000 photon counts collected along a z‐scan, axial localization precision close to 10 nm is achievable. We show that, with within 10 nm, the axial location of paxillin, FAK, and talin is similar at focal adhesion sites, while F‐actin shows a sharp increase in height towards the cell center. We further demonstrated the live imaging capability of this method. With the advantage of simple data acquisition and no special instrument requirement, this approach could have wide dissemination and application potentials. Microsc. Res. Tech., 76:1070–1078, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.