bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Views on wet nursing and expressing breastmilk for sharing and human milk bank donation among mothers in two parenting social media communities in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Tuan T. , Huynh Ngoc L. , Becker Genevieve , Tran Hoang T. , Cashin Jennifer , Mathisen Roger 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNutrition in early life plays a key role in shaping an infant's future health. There is limited understanding of the perspectives of Vietnamese mothers with children under 24 months of age regarding breastmilk expression, donation and use. In this cross‐sectional study, an online survey was administered through two parenting social media communities to assess opinions on breastmilk expression, breastmilk donation including contributions from bereaved mothers and the use of donor human milk. A 4‐point Likert scale was used to evaluate respondents' opinions, and demographic and breastfeeding information was collected. Among 375 respondents, almost 30% had received breastmilk from another woman, either through direct breastfeeding (14.7%), expressed breastmilk (12.5%) or from a human milk bank (2.7%). In this survey of 375 mothers, 84.0% indicated they would store excess breastmilk, while 75.7% and 69.6% would donate to a human milk bank or another mother, respectively. When faced with insufficient breastmilk, 88.5% of mothers would seek ways to increase supply, whereas 23.8% considered using commercial milk formula. Regarding milk expression among the 375 mothers, 78.4% preferred electric pumps, compared to 48.6% for manual pumps and 45.9% for hand expression. Additionally, 80.5% of the 375 mothers would suggest donating stored milk to bereaved peers and 85.6% would suggest mothers with mild COVID‐19 to continue breastfeeding with precautions. These findings indicate that this sample has positive views on breastfeeding, breastmilk donation and the use of donor human milk.
Long‐term use of lokivetmab in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kasper Bettina , Zablotski Yury , Mueller Ralf S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundLokivetmab, a caninised monoclonal antibody against interleukin (IL)‐31, is an effective treatment for the pruritus associated with canine atopic dermatitis (cAD).ObjectivesTo investigate the efficacy and safety of lokivetmab during long‐term treatment defined as at least three consecutive lokivetmab injections in atopic dogs under field conditions. To assess individual factors influencing treatment outcome and adverse events.Animals150 dogs with cAD.Materials and MethodsMedical records of dogs treated with lokivetmab were reviewed, and owners and/or veterinarians were contacted as needed for follow‐up. A decrease of the pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) score by ≥2 or a PVAS score ≤2 after treatment was considered as treatment success. Logistic regression was used to investigate the influence of a variety of factors on outcome: type of cAD (food versus environment), age at first lokivetmab administration, disease chronicity, dosage and/or secondary infection. Any adverse event that occurred during the study period was recorded.ResultsLokivetmab reduced the PVAS score with long‐term use (p < 0.01); the success rate was 53 of 69 total dogs (77%). The probability of treatment failure decreased with increasing treatment duration. None of the factors investigated influenced the treatment outcome. Twelve dogs of 150 (8%) showed adverse events such as gastrointestinal signs or lethargy.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceLokivetmab appears to be an effective and safe long‐term anti‐itch therapy for dogs with cAD.
Perfect powers in elliptic divisibility sequences
Authors: Nowroozi Maryam , Siksek Samir 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLet be an elliptic curve given by an integral Weierstrass equation. Let be a point of infinite order, and let be the elliptic divisibility sequence generated by . This paper is concerned with a question posed in 2007 by Everest, Reynolds and Stevens: does contain only finitely many perfect powers? We answer this question positively under the following three additional assumptions:

is non‐integral;
, where is the discriminant of ;
, where denotes the connected component of identity.
Our method makes use of Galois representations attached to elliptic curves defined over totally real fields, and their modularity. We can deduce the same theorem without assumptions (ii) and (iii), provided that we assume some standard conjectures from the Langlands programme.
Inscribable fans I: Inscribed cones and virtual polytopes
Authors: Manecke Sebastian , Sanyal Raman 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe investigate polytopes inscribed into a sphere that are normally equivalent (or strongly isomorphic) to a given polytope . We show that the associated space of polytopes, called the inscribed cone of , is closed under Minkowski addition. Inscribed cones are interpreted as type cones of ideal hyperbolic polytopes and as deformation spaces of Delaunay subdivisions. In particular, testing if there is an inscribed polytope normally equivalent to is polynomial time solvable. Normal equivalence is decided on the level of normal fans and we study the structure of inscribed cones for various classes of polytopes and fans, including simple, simplicial, and even. We classify (virtually) inscribable fans in dimension 2 as well as inscribable permutahedra and nestohedra. A second goal of the paper is to introduce inscribed virtual polytopes. Polytopes with a fixed normal fan form a monoid with respect to Minkowski addition and the associated Grothendieck group is called the type space of . Elements of the type space correspond to formal Minkowski differences and are naturally equipped with vertices and hence with a notion of inscribability. We show that inscribed virtual polytopes form a subgroup, which can be nontrivial even if does not have actual inscribed polytopes. We relate inscribed virtual polytopes to routed particle trajectories, that is, piecewise‐linear trajectories of particles in a ball with restricted directions. The state spaces gives rise to connected groupoids generated by reflections, called reflection groupoids. The endomorphism groups of reflection groupoids can be thought of as discrete holonomy groups of the trajectories and we determine when they are reflection groups.
Activation of angiotensin II type 2 receptor leads to preservation of primary cilia in tubular cells during renal ischaemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Maknis Tomás Rivabella , Fussi M. Fernanda , Pariani Alejandro P. , Huhn Victoria , Vena Rodrigo , Favre Cristián , Molinas Sara M. , Larocca M. Cecilia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIschaemia‐reperfusion (IR)‐associated acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe clinical condition that lacks effective pharmacological treatments. Our recent research revealed that pretreatment with the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) agonist C21 alleviates kidney damage during IR. Primary cilia are organelles crucial for regulation of epithelial cell homeostasis, which are significantly affected by IR injury. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of AT2R activation on cilia integrity during IR and to identify pathways involved in the nephroprotective effect of C21. Rats were subjected to 40 min of unilateral ischaemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Immunofluorescence analysis of the kidneys showed that the nephroprotective effect of C21 was associated with preservation of cilia integrity in tubular cells. AT2R agonists increased α‐tubulin acetylation in primary cilia in tubular cells in vivo and in a cell model. Analysis of ERK phosphorylation indicated that AT2R activation led to diminished activation of ERK1/2 in tubular cells. Similar to AT2R agonists, inhibitors of α‐tubulin deacetylase HDAC6 or inhibitors of ERK activation ameliorated IR‐induced cell death and preserved cilia integrity. Immunofluorescence analysis of tubular cells revealed significant ERK localization at primary cilia and demonstrated that ERK inhibition increased cilia levels of acetylated α‐tubulin. Overall, our findings demonstrate that C21 elicits a preconditioning effect that enhances cilia stability in renal tubular cells, thereby preserving their integrity when exposed to IR injury. Furthermore, our results indicate that this effect might be mediated by AT2R‐induced inhibition of ERK activation. These findings offer potential insights for the development of pharmacological interventions to mitigate IR‐associated AKI.
imageKey points
The AT2R agonist C21 prevents primary cilia shortening and tubular cell deciliation during renal ischaemia‐reperfusion.
AT2R activation inhibits ERK1/2 in renal tubular cells.
Both AT2R agonists and ERK1/2 inhibitors increase alpha‐tubulin acetylation at the primary cilium in tubular cells.
AT2R activation, ERK1/2 inhibition or inhibition of alpha‐tubulin deacetylation elicit protective effects in tubular cells subjected to ischaemia‐reperfusion injury.
OpgH is an essential regulator of
Caulobacter
morphology
Authors: Daitch Allison K. , Smith Erika L. , Goley Erin D. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacterial growth and division rely on intricate regulation of morphogenetic complexes to remodel the cell envelope without compromising envelope integrity. Significant progress has been made in recent years towards understanding the regulation of cell wall metabolic enzymes. However, other cell envelope components play a role in morphogenesis as well. A primary factor required to protect envelope integrity in low osmolarity environments is OpgH, the synthase of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs). Here, we demonstrate that OpgH is essential in the α-proteobacterium
Caulobacter crescentus
. Unexpectedly, depletion of OpgH or attempted complementation with a catalytically dead OpgH variant results in striking asymmetric bulging and cell lysis. These shape defects are accompanied by reduced cell wall synthesis and mislocalization of morphogenetic complexes. Interestingly, overactivation of the CenKR two-component system that has been implicated in cell envelope stress homeostasis in α-proteobacteria phenocopies the morphogenetic defects associated with OpgH depletion. Each of these perturbations leads to an increase in the levels of the elongasome protein, MreB, and decreases in the levels of divisome proteins FtsZ and MipZ as well as OpgH, itself. Constitutive production of OpgH during CenKR overactivation prevents cell bulging, but cells still exhibit morphogenetic defects. We propose that OPG depletion activates CenKR, leading to changes in the expression of cell envelope-related genes, but that OPGs also exert CenKR-independent effects on morphogenesis. Our data establish a surprising function for an OpgH homolog in morphogenesis and reveal an essential role of OpgH in maintaining cell morphology in
Caulobacter
.

IMPORTANCE

Bacteria must synthesize and fortify the cell envelope in a tightly regulated manner to orchestrate growth and adaptation. Osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs) are important, but poorly understood, constituents of Gram-negative cell envelopes that contribute to envelope integrity and protect against osmotic stress. Here, we determined that the OPG synthase OpgH plays a surprising, essential role in morphogenesis in
Caulobacter crescentus
. Loss of OpgH causes asymmetric cell bulging and lysis via misregulation of the localization and activity of morphogenetic complexes. Overactivation of the CenKR two-component system involved in envelope homeostasis phenocopies OpgH depletion, suggesting that depletion of OpgH activates CenKR. Because cell envelope integrity is critical for bacterial survival, understanding how OpgH activity contributes to morphogenesis and maintenance of envelope integrity could aid in the development of antibiotic therapies.
Health-seeking behaviour and patient-related factors associated with the time to TB treatment initiation in four African countries: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Sathar Farzana , Charalambous Salome , Velen Kavindhran , Fielding Katherine , Rachow Andrea , Ivanova Olena , Rassool Mohammed S , Lalashowi Julieth , Owolabi Olumuyiwa , Nhassengo Pedroso , Chihota Violet , Evans Denise 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionIn 2022, tuberculosis (TB) was the second-leading cause of global deaths from a single infectious agent. Delays in initiating TB treatment can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. We describe the total delay in treatment initiation, identify patient-related factors associated with time to treatment initiation and explore health-seeking behaviour prior to treatment initiation among people living with TB (PLTB) in four African countries.MethodsCross-sectional survey nested in a large prospective cohort of adults (≥18 years) with drug-susceptible pulmonary TB. PLTB enrolled in South Africa, Tanzania, Mozambique and The Gambia between September 2017 and January 2020. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on demographics and map the patient experience prior to treatment initiation. Total delay (weeks) was the time between the onset of the first TB symptom and the initiation of treatment at the health facility. We developed a Cox regression model to study the relationship between explanatory variables and the time-to-event outcome, TB treatment initiation.ResultsWe enrolled 1400 participants (South Africa: 344, Tanzania: 282, Mozambique: 407, The Gambia: 367) (mean age 36 years, 66% male). Overall HIV prevalence was 42% but varied by country (South Africa: 68%, Tanzania: 49%, Mozambique: 45%, The Gambia: 7%). The overall median total delay was 6 weeks (IQR 4–10). People living with HIV (vs HIV negative; adjusted HR (aHR)=1.33 (95% CI 1.2 to 1.5)) and those living with a partner (vs married; aHR=1.35 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.6)) or single (vs married; aHR=1.24 (95% CI 1.1 to 1.4)) had a higher chance of initiating TB treatment. Primary care facilities and pharmacies were the main providers where individuals first sought care after experiencing TB symptoms.ConclusionThere are delays in TB treatment initiation among presumptive TB individuals. Partnerships with pharmacies, active case finding and decentralised TB services may be important to incorporate into the National TB Control Programme.
Definitions of pulmonary exacerbation in people with cystic fibrosis: a scoping review
Authors: Almulhem Maryam , Ward Christopher , Haq Iram , Gray Robert D , Brodlie Malcolm 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundPulmonary exacerbations (PExs) are clinically important in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Multiple definitions have been used for PEx, and this scoping review aimed to identify the different definitions reported in the literature and to ascertain which signs and symptoms are commonly used to define them.MethodsA search was performed using Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Scopus and CINAHL. All publications reporting clinical trials or prospective observational studies involving definitions of PEx in people with CF published in English from January 1990 to December 2022 were included. Data were then extracted for qualitative thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 14 039 records were identified, with 7647 titles and abstracts screened once duplicates were removed, 898 reviewed as full text and 377 meeting the inclusion criteria. Pre-existing definitions were used in 148 publications. In 75% of papers, an objective definition was used, while 25% used a subjective definition, which subcategorised into treatment-based definitions (76%) and those involving clinician judgement (24%). Objective definitions were subcategorised into three groups: those based on a combination of signs and symptoms (50%), those based on a predefined combination of signs and symptoms plus the initiation of acute treatment (47%) and scores involving different clinical features each with a specific weighting (3%). The most common signs and symptoms reported in the definitions were, in order, sputum production, cough, lung function, weight/appetite, dyspnoea, chest X-ray changes, chest sounds, fever, fatigue or lethargy and haemoptysis.ConclusionWe have identified substantial variation in the definitions of PEx in people with CF reported in the literature. There is a requirement for the development of internationally agreed-upon, standardised and validated age-specific definitions. Such definitions would allow comparison between studies and effective meta-analysis to be performed and are especially important in the highly effective modulator therapy era in CF care.
Mortality follow-up of Fernald Feed Materials Production Center workers exposed to uranium from 1951 to 1985
Authors: Milder Cato M , Bellamy Michael B , Howard Sara C , Ellis Elizabeth D , Golden Ashley P , Cohen Sarah S , Mumma Michael T , French Benjamin , Zablotska Lydia B , Boice John D 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThis follow-up study of uranium processing workers at the Fernald Feed Materials Production Center examines the relationship between radiation exposure and cancer and non-cancer mortality among 6403 workers employed for at least 30 days between 1951 and 1985.MethodsWe estimated cumulative, individual, annualised doses to 15 organs/tissues from external, internal and radon exposures. Vital status and cause of death were ascertained in 2017. The analysis employed standardised mortality ratios, Cox proportional hazards and Poisson regression models. Competing risk analysis was conducted for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk given several assumptions about risk independent of competing outcomes. Emphysema was examined to assess the potential for confounding by smoking.ResultsVital status was confirmed for 98.1% of workers, with 65.1% deceased. All-cause mortality was less than expected in salaried but not hourly workers when compared with the US population. A statistically significant dose response was observed between external (but not total or internal) lung dose and lung cancer mortality (HR at 100 mGy adjusted for internal dose=1.45; 95% CI=1.05 to 2.01). Significantly increased HRs at 100 mGy dose to heart were observed for CVD (1.27; 95% CI=1.07 to 1.50) and ischaemic heart disease (1.30; 95% CI=1.07 to 1.58). CVD risk remained elevated regardless of competing risk assumptions. Both external and internal radiation were associated with emphysema.ConclusionsLung cancer was associated with external dose, though positive dose responses for emphysema imply residual confounding by smoking. Novel use of competing risk analysis for CVD demonstrates leveraging retrospective data for future risk prediction.
Myofascial pain syndrome in patients with cancer: a narrative review
Authors: Kawasaki Naruaki , Ishiki Hiroto , Arakawa Sayaka , Satomi Eriko , Matsuoka Hiromichi , Hasuo Hideaki 
Published: August 2024

PurposeMyofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a chronic musculoskeletal pain syndrome. The purpose of this review is to describe the epidemiological and treatment evidence and to address the future research agenda in patients with cancer.MethodsA narrative review of previous reports investigating the prevalence and treatment of MPS in the oncology field is presented. The target population is patients with cancer and cancer survivors.ResultsThere have been three prospective and two retrospective studies investigating the prevalence of MPS. MPS is as high as 38%–45% in patients with advanced or incurable cancer and 11.9%–44.8% in cancer survivors. A total of nine reports investigated the efficacy of the following interventions: trigger point injection (TPI), myofascial techniques and ischaemic compression. TPI has been reported to be effective in four observational studies. One randomised study reported the efficacy of myofascial techniques, but two randomised studies reported no added beneficial effects of it in breast cancer survivors. Two randomised studies investigated the efficacy of ischaemic compression, but the obtained results were contradictory.ConclusionsMPS is highly prevalent. We should know that non-cancer pain is also common in both patients with cancer and survivors. In treating such pain, careful physical examination is essential. Then, non-pharmacological treatment should be considered as well as pharmacotherapy. As evidence regarding MPS in the oncology field is scarce, further research is warranted.
Soybean responds infrequently to phosphorus fertilization in Manitoba
Authors: Bardella Gustavo R. , Tiessen Kevin H.D. , Flaten Don , Tenuta Mario , Lawley Yvonne , Heard John , Zvomuya Francis 
Published: August 2024

Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) production in Manitoba has increased substantially over the last 20 years, raising questions about phosphorus (P) fertilization in this region. Between 2013 and 2015, a study was conducted across 28 sites in Manitoba to evaluate the effect of P fertilizer rate and placement on soybean plant stand and seed yield. Treatments were 22.5, 45, and 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 applied as monoammonium phosphate, seed-placed, side-banded or broadcast, plus an unfertilized control treatment. Plant stand reduction due to seed-placed fertilizer toxicity was observed at five of 28 site-years, typically at the rate of 90 kg P2O5 ha−1. Stand reduction was most frequent on medium- to coarse-textured soils, dry soils or when seeding equipment had low seedbed utilization. Seed yield was reduced at two site-years due to seed placing 90 kg P2O5 ha−1, which reduced plant stands below the recommended threshold of 247 000 plants ha−1. Phosphorus fertilization did not increase seed yield, regardless of P rate, P placement, or Olsen soil test P level, except for one site-year where 45 and 90 kg P2O5 ha−1 increased seed yield by 343 and 430 kg ha−1, respectively. The extremely infrequent response to P fertilizer in combination with the high rate of P removal indicates that soybeans can use soil P reservoirs that are less available to other crops. Nevertheless, soybean growers in Manitoba should consider strategies for applying supplemental P to soybean or other crops in their rotation to maintain P fertility in soil.
An Immunometabolic Route for Activating cGAS/STING to Drive Anticancer Immunity
Authors: Borges Francisca , Garg Abhishek D. 
Published: August 2024

The cGAS/STING pathway is a crucial immune activator in cancer biology, triggering innate immunosurveillance against tumors by sensing and reacting to endogenous mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In this issue of Cancer Research, research by Saha and colleagues highlights the significant impact of serine deprivation on this pathway, thereby unveiling its potential for anticancer therapy. Serine is essential for cellular metabolism and influences tumor growth and immune responses. Depriving cells of serine caused mitochondrial dysfunction and the release of mtDNA into the cytosol, activating the cGAS/STING pathway and inducing type I IFN responses. In mouse models, serine deprivation enhanced antitumor immunity, with increased tumoral immune infiltration, including CD4+/CD8+ T cells and type I IFN responses. Clinically, a genetic signature indicative of lower serine enrichment in colorectal cancer patients correlated with immune activation and improved survival. Furthermore, combining serine deprivation with PD1 blockade significantly reduced tumor volume and led to long-term immunity in mice, suggesting that serine depletion enhances the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. These findings propose serine deprivation as a promising strategy to boost antitumor immunity and improve cancer patient outcomes.See related article by Saha et al., p. 2645