bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zola's
fin-de-siècle
Reproductive Politics
Authors: Counter Andrew J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
This article offers a synoptic reading of Émile Zola's fictional and journalistic writings from the mid-1890s to his death in 1902, considering these in light of the novelist's engagement with the Third Republic's politics of pronatalism, and with questions of reproduction more broadly. It explores Zola's particular conception of the problem of depopulation (the declining French birth rate at the end of the nineteenth century) as an aesthetic question demanding an aesthetic solution, before examining how he attempted to provide such a solution in his later fiction. The final novels are shown to be incessantly preoccupied, and at several levels, with an idealized figure of the child. The article finally considers the intolerance that Zola displayed in his last few novels towards all individuals — homosexuals, ‘new women’, priests, Catholics, decadent novelists, childless heterosexuals — whom he imagined as failing to conform to his own reproductive ideal.
La Bruyère: Virtue and Disinterestedness
Authors: Moriarty Michael 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

This article studies the notion of virtue put forward in La Bruyère's
Les Caractères
. La Bruyère upholds the Aristotelian notion (rejected by hard-line Augustinians of his own century) of virtue as doing good deeds for their own sake: he examines the relationship between virtue and motive, denying that virtue is present where the behaviour is subordinated to the pursuit of self-interest. The pursuit of glory, on the other hand, may be laudable if the means to that end involve acting for the common good rather than for selfish advantage. Particular stress is laid on doing good to other people, especially when this entails self-sacrifice. Friendship, too, is evaluated in respect of its freedom from self-interestedness. Disinterestedness is not simply a moral value, but a potential source of happiness and fulfilment, in that it liberates the individual from humiliating social dependence; it is also a social ideal, capable of regenerating society, by encouraging people to focus on using their talents for the good of the community rather than for seeking advancement through favour.
Dispersal of the introduced red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in Norwegian waters: a tag-recapture study
Authors: Windsland Kristin , Hvingel Carsten , Nilssen Einar M. , Sundet Jan H. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the effect of sex, size, region, and density on dispersal rate of the introduced red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in Norwegian waters. We examined the effect of these factors using logistic regression analysis. Tag-recapture data corrected for fishing effort enabled us to estimate dispersal rates from four main regions along the Norwegian coast: Varangerfjorden, Tanafjorden, Laksefjorden, and Porsangerfjorden. The probability of dispersal was independent of sex and size, but both the logistic regression and the evaluation of corrected tag-recapture data revealed differences in dispersal between region and with increasing duration. The recapture data indicated a relationship between population density and dispersal within research regions but not between population density and dispersal between research regions. Our main conclusion is that there are large individual differences in dispersal ability and the range expansion of red king crab is a result of (i) the presence of long-distance dispersers and (ii) time-dependent slow migration by short distance dispersers. We also conclude that there appears less dispersal in Norwegian waters than in native waters, which might be caused by differences in geographical complexity.
Active opportunist species as potential diagnostic markers for comparative tracking of complex marine ecosystem responses to global trends
Authors: Bakun Andrew 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
As it becomes ever clearer that on longer time scales marine ecosystems function as non-linear “complex adaptive systems”, potential consequences of global change become obscured within a maze of multiple possibilities. This essay attempts to route one pathway to a potentially more robust conceptual synthesis, employing the globally important example of anchovies and sardines as a model. Expressly, the anchovy emerges as an efficient specialist of neritic origin. In contrast, the sardine's oceanic-based adaptations equip it to deal with intermittent episodes of poorly productive conditions and to take advantage of associated reduction in predation pressure on early life stages of their offspring. Based on the overall synthesis, the nimble, wide-ranging, actively opportunistic sardine appears notably well equipped to deal with climate-related disruptions and dislocations and even to profit from their adverse effects on predators and competitors. Global-scale multispecies population synchronies in the 1970s to the mid-1980s suggest that a variety of different species types might be flagged for investigation as perhaps embodying similar “active opportunist” attributes. If so, events and anecdotes might, as global changes proceed, be viewed within a developing universal framework that could support increasingly effective transfers of experience and predictive foresight across different species groups and regional ecosystems.
Absolute proper motion of IRAS 00259+5625 with VERA: Indication of superbubble expansion motion
Authors: Sakai Nobuyuki , Sato Mayumi , Motogi Kazuhito , Nagayama Takumi , Shibata Katsunori M. , Kanaguchi Masahiro , Honma Mareki 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
We present the first measurement of the absolute proper motions of IRAS 00259+5625 (CB3, LBN594) associated with the H i loop called the “NGC 281 superbubble” that extends from the Galactic plane over ∼ 300 pc toward decreasing galactic latitude. The proper motion components measured with VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA) are (μαcos δ, μδ) = (−2.48 ± 0.32, −2.85 ± 0.65) mas yr−1, converted into (μlcos b, μb) = (−2.72 ± 0.32, −2.62 ± 0.65) mas yr−1 in the Galactic coordinates. The measured proper motion perpendicular to the Galactic plane (μb) shows vertical motion away from the Galactic plane with a significance of about ∼ 4 σ. As for the source distance, the distance measured with VERA is marginal, $2.4^{+1.0}_{-0.6}$ kpc. Using the distance, an absolute vertical motion (vb) of −17.9 ± 12.2 km s−1 is determined with ∼ 1.5 σ significance. The tendency towards the large vertical motion is consistent with previous very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) results for NGC 281 associated with the same superbubble. Thus, our VLBI results indicate superbubble expansion motion whose origin is believed to be sequential supernova explosions.
The effect of the broad-line region with geometrical structures on gamma-ray absorption in blazars
Authors: Lei Maichang , Wang Jiancheng 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The broad-line region (BLR) is an important component of blazars, especially for flat spectrum radio quasars. The soft photons arising from the BLR will substantially affect the transparency of the γ-ray photons produced in the relativistic jet. We study the effect of the geometrical structure of the BLR on the absorption of γ-rays. We find that the γ-ray optical depth strongly depends on the geometrical structure of the BLR. For a “flat” BLR geometry, γ-ray photons with specified energies could escape transparently even if their emission region is located inside the cavity of the BLR.
Photon surfing and magic speed revisited: Translucent effect
Authors: Fukue Jun 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Under the radiative environment of the intense radiation field around active phenomena such as black hole accretion disks, gaseous particles receive a strong radiative flux, which accelerates them, while they suffer from radiation drag by aberrated photons, which decelerates them. As a result, the acceleration of gaseous particles—photon surfing—would terminate at some magical speed βm(=v/c); (4-√7)/3 ∼ 0.45 for acceleration above an infinite flat radiator (Icke 1989, A&A, 216, 294). In a realistic gaseous cloud, part of the radiation would be absorbed by the cloud, some would be reflected, and some transmitted. We examine these translucent effects for a geometrically thin gaseous cloud (stratus). When the optical depth of the stratus is sufficiently large, the terminal speed is the well known magical speed βm for a particle. When the optical depth is around or less than unity, on the other hand, the terminal magical speed becomes large, up to ∼ 0.7c. This is just the translucent effect; the aberrated photons from the top of the stratus transmit the stratus much more than the direct photons from the bottom of the stratus facing the source.
What’s Wrong With Factory Farming?
Authors: Anomaly Jonathan 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Factory farming continues to grow around the world as a low-cost way of producing animal products for human consumption. However, many of the practices associated with intensive animal farming have been criticized by public health professionals and animal welfare advocates. The aim of this essay is to raise three independent moral concerns with factory farming, and to explain why the practices associated with factory farming flourish despite the cruelty inflicted on animals and the public health risks imposed on people. I conclude that the costs of factory farming as it is currently practiced far outweigh the benefits, and offer a few suggestions for how to improve the situation for animals and people.
Automated ensemble assembly and validation of microbial genomes
Authors: Koren Sergey , Treangen Todd J. , Hill Christopher M. , Pop Mihai , Phillippy Adam M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe continued democratization of DNA sequencing has sparked a new wave of development of genome assembly and assembly validation methods. As individual research labs, rather than centralized centers, begin to sequence the majority of new genomes, it is important to establish best practices for genome assembly. However, recent evaluations such as GAGE and the Assemblathon have concluded that there is no single best approach to genome assembly. Instead, it is preferable to generate multiple assemblies and validate them to determine which is most useful for the desired analysis; this is a labor-intensive process that is often impossible or unfeasible.ResultsTo encourage best practices supported by the community, we present iMetAMOS, an automatedensemble assembly pipeline; iMetAMOS encapsulates the process of running, validating, and selecting a single assembly from multiple assemblies. iMetAMOS packages several leading open-source tools into a single binary that automates parameter selection and execution of multiple assemblers, scores the resulting assemblies based on multiple validation metrics, and annotates the assemblies for genes and contaminants. We demonstrate the utility of the ensemble process on 225 previously unassembledMycobacterium tuberculosisgenomes as well as aRhodobacter sphaeroidesbenchmark dataset. On these real data, iMetAMOS reliably produces validated assemblies and identifies potential contamination without user intervention. In addition, intelligent parameter selection produces assemblies ofR. sphaeroidesthat exceed the quality of those from the GAGE-B evaluation, affecting the relative ranking of some assemblers.ConclusionsEnsemble assembly with iMetAMOS provides users with multiple, validated assemblies for each genome. Although computationally limited to small or mid-sized genomes, this approach is the most effective and reproducible means for generating high-quality assemblies and enables users to select an assembly best tailored to their specific needs.
Epistasis within the MHC contributes to the genetic architecture of celiac disease
Authors: Goudey Benjamin , Abraham Gad , Kikianty Eder , Wang Qiao , Rawlinson Dave , Shi Fan , Haviv Izhak , Stern Linda , Kowalczyk Adam , Inouye Michael 
Published: February 2014

AbstractEpistasis has long been thought to contribute to the genetic aetiology of complex diseases, yet few robust epistatic interactions in humans have been detected. We have conducted exhaustive genome-wide scans for pairwise epistasis in five independent celiac disease (CD) case-control studies, using a rapid model-free approach to examine over 500 billion SNP pairs in total. We found 20 significant epistatic signals within the HLA region which achieved stringent replication criteria across multiple studies and were independent of known CD risk HLA haplotypes. The strongest independent CD epistatic signal corresponded to genes in the HLA class III region, in particularPRRC2AandGPANK1/C6orf47,which are known to contain variants for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and early menopause, co-morbidities of celiac disease. Replicable evidence for epistatic variants outside the MHC was not observed. Both within and between European populations, we observed striking consistency of epistatic models and epistatic model distribution. Within the UK population, models of CD based on both epistatic and additive single-SNP effects increased explained CD variance by approximately 1% over those of single SNPs. Models of only epistatic pairs or additive single-SNPs showed similar levels of CD variance explained, indicating the existence of a substantial overlap of additive and epistatic components. Our findings have implications for the determination of genetic architecture and, by extension, the use of human genetics for validation of therapeutic targets.
Analysis of Complementarity Requirements for Plant MicroRNA Targeting Using a Nicotiana benthamiana Quantitative Transient Assay
Authors: Liu Qikun , Wang Feng , Axtell Michael J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) guide RNA-induced silencing complexes to target RNAs based on miRNA-target complementarity. Using a dual-luciferase based sensor system in Nicotiana benthamiana, we quantitatively assessed the relationship between miRNA-target complementarity and silencing efficacy measured at both the RNA and protein levels, using several conserved miRNAs and their known target sites from Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that naturally occurring sites have variable efficacies attributable to their complementarity patterns. We also observed that sites with a few mismatches to the miRNA 3′ regions, which are common in plants, are often equally effective and sometimes more effective than perfectly matched sites. By contrast, mismatches to the miRNA 5′ regions strongly reduce or eliminate repression efficacy but are nonetheless present in several natural sites, suggesting that in some cases, suboptimal miRNA efficacies are either tolerated or perhaps selected for. Central mismatches fully abolished repression efficacy in our system, but such sites then became effective miRNA target mimics. Complementarity patterns that are functional in animals (seed sites, 3′-supplementary sites, and centered sites) did not reliably confer repression, regardless of context (3′-untranslated region or open reading frame) or measurement type (RNA or protein levels). Overall, these data provide a robust and empirical foundation for understanding, predicting, and designing functional miRNA target sites in plants.
Crisis communication and terrorism: the Norway attacks on 22 July 2011
Authors: Falkheimer Jesper 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– The aim of this paper is two-fold: to describe and to consider the implications of the synthesis between terrorism, the media and strategic communication, using the Norway attacks as an example; and to describe and analyze the challenges and execution of crisis communication during and after the Norwegian attacks.Design/methodology/approach– The article is based on earlier research and secondary data (an extensive assessment made by the Norwegian police authority in 2012), as well as a minor media analysis focusing on representation of the perpetrator. An interview with two high-ranking communication officials working for the crisis management coordination secretariat in Norway has served as supplementary material.Findings– The crisis challenged the linear process of standard planning and information transmission. The terrorist attacks in Norway and how they were framed, especially before the perpetrator was identified, are linked to a global discourse on terrorists, and demonstrate the need for developing specific terrorism crisis communication theory. The news media coverage gave the perpetrator and his political messages publicity, but more as a lone disturbed individual, associated with school shootings more than with terrorism. There is a need for increased knowledge about terrorism as strategic communication or public relations. The variety among stakeholders and the increased possibilities for terrorists to control and plan their communications in have implications during all phases of a crisis. New strategies and tactics that oppose and defeat the terrorist's communication goals must be developed.Originality/value– The article views terrorism from a communication perspective and develops important questions about the relationship between terrorism, media, strategic communication and crisis communication.
Internal communication for employee enablement
Authors: Mazzei Alessandra 
Published: February 2014

Purpose– This paper aims to understand if, and how, internal communication strategies can promote strategic employee communicative actions such as to disseminate positive information that enhances the company's reputation. These communicative actions sustain the competitive advantage of a company.Design/methodology/approach– This paper is based on interviews with internal communication experts; internal communication managers in ten American and 22 Italian companies. Three focus groups in Italy comprised of internal communication managers, scholars and experts.Findings– Employee communicative actions have been categorized into: exploration, interpretation, sharing and acting. Internal communication strategies enable employees to be effective communicators.Research limitations/implications– A survey among employees was used to investigate the link between employee communicative actions and internal communication and relationship quality.Practical implications– Internal communication managers are expected first, to become enablers towards employees and line managers; and second, to facilitate sense-making processes and the quality relationship building.Originality/value– This article provides empirical evidence of the emerging issues of employee communicative actions and the enablement function of internal communication. It adds a broader and validated range of employee communicative actions to those that had previously been studied, and develops a preliminary inventory of enablement strategies that have been adopted by leading companies.
Organizational blogging: a case study of a corporate weblog from an employee perspective
Authors: Agerdal-Hjermind Annette 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– The aim of this paper is to address and discuss usage and implications of a weblog in a corporate communication context from an employees' perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper is a case study of a government agency's corporate blogging activity, traced through focus group interviews with the organizational bloggers and analyzed using situational analysis and thematic network analysis.

Findings
– The study problematizes the predominant focus on the promises of interactivity and dialogue as a repeated positive motivation for corporate bloggers by shedding a light on blogging as experienced from inside an organization. The study shows that employee bloggers use the blog platform in a varied way and do not agree internally on the appropriate corporate blog usage. Four main positions that encapsulate the variation in blog usage – the official, the debater, the engineer and the passionate blogger – are identified, and the implications (opportunities and barriers) of blogging for the blogging employees' behavior and motivation are unfolded and discussed.

Practical implications
– The findings are useful for managers to get insight into the challenges, barriers and opportunities, which employees experience when acting as bloggers on behalf of an organization, as well as when acting on other transparent Web 2.0 mediated communications platforms for corporate purposes. The findings also indicate and give recommendations to the internal resources required to support the employees when letting them out into the blogosphere.

Originality/value
– The paper provides a documented, nuanced and deep insight and understanding into blog usage in a corporate context from the perspective of the employee bloggers. This insight is as critical to our understanding of blogging and social media in a corporate context, as it is to our understanding of transparent and participatory organizational culture.
International mediation as a distinct form of conflict management
Authors: Vukovic Sinisa 
Published: February 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to provide a structured overview of the most important research conducted in the field of international mediation. Although there are still strong similarities between the processes of international and domestic mediation, lack of a clear structure on the international level suggests that international mediation activities could be separately academically scrutinized. This literature review is aimed at illustrating the unique nature of international mediation.

Design/methodology/approach
– Various factors that affect the overall process and the outcome of international mediation efforts were clustered in four distinct yet interrelated groups. The first section illustrates various mediators' characteristics that might induce the disputants to accept mediation and agree to specific terms that were mediated in the process. In the second section two distinct factors affecting the mediation outcome were explained: contextual and behavioral. Finally, in the third sections various types of mediators were discussed.

Findings
– The article shows the intricate complexities of international mediation, highlighting four distinct features that might have an effect on the mediation outcome: mediator's characteristics, contextual features, behavioral factors, and types of mediators.

Originality/value
– This article attempts to offer a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in international mediation, and suggests potential areas of future research.