bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of the Single-Leg Triple Hop Test in Women With and Without Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: dos Reis Amir Curcio , Correa João Carlos Ferrari , Bley André Serra , Rabelo Nayra Deise dos Anjos , Fukuda Thiago Yukio , Lucareli Paulo Roberto Garcia 
Published: August 2015

Study Design Cross-sectional study. Objectives To compare the biomechanical strategies of the trunk and lower extremity during the transition period between the first and second hop of a single-leg triple hop test in women with and without patellofemoral pain (PFP). Background Recent literature has shown that PFP is associated with biomechanical impairments of the lower extremities. A number of studies have analyzed the position of the trunk and lower extremities for functional activities such as walking, squatting, jumping, and the step-down test. However, studies on more challenging activities, such as the single-leg triple hop test, may be more representative of sports requiring jumping movements. Methods Women between 18 and 35 years of age (control group, n = 20; PFP group, n = 20) participated in the study. Three-dimensional kinematic and kinetic data were collected during the transition period between the first and second hops while participants performed the single-leg triple hop test. Results Compared to the control group, women with PFP exhibited greater (P<.05) anterior and ipsilateral trunk lean, contralateral pelvic drop, hip internal rotation and adduction, and ankle eversion, while exhibiting less hip and knee flexion. A significant difference (P<.05) in time to peak joint angle was also found between groups for all the variables analyzed, except anterior pelvic tilt and hip flexion. In addition, women with PFP exhibited greater (P<.05) hip and knee abductor internal moments. Conclusion Compared to the control group, women with PFP exhibited altered trunk, pelvis, hip, knee, and ankle kinematics and kinetics. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(10):799–807. Epub 24 Aug 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5011
Star Excursion Balance Test Performance Varies by Sport in Healthy Division I Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Stiffler Mikel R. , Sanfilippo Jennifer L. , Brooks M. Alison , Heiderscheit Bryan C. 
Published: August 2015

Study Design Cross-sectional. Objectives To describe performance and asymmetry on the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) by sex and sport, and to determine if differences exist within a collegiate athlete population. Background Performance on the SEBT may differ between sexes and levels of competition, though the results of previous studies have been inconsistent. Investigation of performance and asymmetry differences between sports is limited. Sex- and sport-specific reference values likely need to be determined to best assess SEBT performance. Methods Performance on the SEBT was retrospectively reviewed in 393 healthy National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate athletes from 8 sports. Means, standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all variables. Normalized reach distance (percent limb length) and asymmetry between limbs were compared for the anterior (ANT), posterolateral (PL), and posteromedial (PM) directions and for the composite (COMP) score using a 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of sex by sport, and a 1-way ANOVA to separately compare sports within each sex. Results Average normalized reach distance ranged from 62% to 69%, 84% to 97%, and 99% to 113% in the ANT, PL, and PM directions, respectively, and from 82% to 92% in the COMP score. Normalized asymmetry ranged from 3% to 4%, 5% to 8%, and 5% to 6% in the ANT, PL, and PM directions, respectively. A significant sex-by-sport interaction (P = .039) was observed in the ANT direction, with a sex effect for soccer players (P<.001; men less than women). Significant differences were observed in the PL and PM directions and in the COMP score among women's teams, with women's ice hockey players reaching the farthest (COMP, 90.0%). Among men's teams, significant differences were observed in all directions and in the COMP score. Men's ice hockey players (COMP, 91.9%) and wrestlers achieved the farthest distances (COMP, 88.8%). Conclusion Performance on the SEBT varies by team, with a difference between sexes also present for soccer. Performance on the SEBT and potential injury risk should be interpreted within the context of the athlete's sport. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(10):772–780. Epub 24 Aug 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.5777
Validity of Inter-rectus Distance Measurement in Postpartum Women Using Extended Field-of-View Ultrasound Imaging Techniques
Authors: Keshwani Nadia , Mathur Sunita , McLean Linda 
Published: August 2015

Study Design Reliability and validity study. Objectives To investigate the criterion-related validity and reliability of inter-rectus distance (IRD) measurement using extended field-of-view (FOV) techniques during ultrasound imaging (USI) in parous women. Background Ultrasound imaging is the gold standard for noninvasive IRD measurement in parous women when investigating diastasis recti; however, its use is limited when IRD is large. Extended FOV techniques (panoramic USI or using acoustic standoff pads) allow complete visualization of the linea alba when the IRD is large and conventional imaging is not sufficient; however, the validity of using these techniques has never been investigated. Methods Two-dimensional ultrasound images were acquired at the superior umbilical border from 21 women using conventional USI, panoramic USI, and a standoff pad. Five images were captured using each method. Inter-rectus distance was measured offline. Criterion-related validity was investigated using repeated-measures analyses of variance to test for bias, and linear regression models, Pearson correlation coefficients (r), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) to assess agreement. Standard error of the measurement for each extended FOV technique was calculated. The between-trial reliability of each technique was determined using ICCs. Results Inter-rectus distance from images acquired using extended FOV techniques did not differ from values acquired using conventional USI (P = .441). Images acquired using extended FOV techniques were highly correlated with those acquired using conventional imaging (r>0.95, P<.0001). The standard error of the measurement of each extended FOV technique was 0.17 to 0.18 cm. The between-trial reliability of all techniques was excellent (ICC3,1>0.90). Conclusion Panoramic USI and acoustic standoff pads are valid methods of increasing FOV to measure IRD. In this study, USI measurements were limited to IRDs of less than or equal to 3 finger widths, based on palpation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2015;45(10):808–813. Epub 24 Aug 2015. doi:10.2519/jospt.2015.6143
Assessment of the uncertainties of MULTICELL calculations by the OECD NEA UAM PWR pin cell burnup benchmark
Authors: Panka I. , Keresztúri A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Defining precisely the burnup of the nuclear fuel is important from the point of view of core design calculations, safety analyses, criticality calculations (e. g. burnup credit calculations), etc. This paper deals with the uncertainties of MULTICELL calculations obtained by the solution of the OECD NEA UAM PWR pin cell burnup benchmark. In this assessment Monte-Carlo type statistical analyses are applied and the energy dependent covariance matrices of the cross-sections are taken into account. Additionally, the impact of the uncertainties of the fission yields is also considered. The target quantities are the burnup dependent uncertainties of the infinite multiplication factor, the two-group cross-sections, the reaction rates and the number densities of some isotopes up to the burnup of 60 MWd/kgU. In the paper the burnup dependent tendencies of the corresponding uncertainties and their sources are analyzed.
Applying full multigroup cell characteristics from MCU code to finite difference calculations of neutron field in VVER core
Authors: Gorodkov S. S. , Kalugin M. A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Up to now core calculations with Monte Carlo provided only average cross-sections of mesh cells for further use either in finite difference calculations or as benchmark ones for approximate spectral algorithms. Now MCU code is capable to handle functions, which may be interpreted as average diffusion coefficients. Subsequently the results of finite difference calculations with cells characteristic sets obtained in such a way can be compared with Monte Carlo results as benchmarks, giving reliable information on quality of production code under consideration. As an example of such analysis, the results of mesh calculations with 1-, 2-, 4-, 8- and 12 neutron groups of some model VVER fuel assembly are presented in comparison with the exact Monte Carlo solution. As a second example, an analysis is presented of water gap approximate enlargement between fuel assemblies, allowing VVER core region be covered by regular mesh.
An analysis of reactivity prediction during the reactor start-up process
Authors: Bajgl J. , Krýsl V. , Švarný J. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The different VVER-440 core fuel loadings subcriticality evaluations are performed during the start-up process by boron dilution or control assembly withdrawn by macrocode MOBY-DICK calculations. The dynamic reactivity and quasicritical reactivity are compared and sensitivity of reactivity prediction at the low boundary of start-up interval (ρ = −0,01) has been provided on the basis of different modelling of ionization chamber (IC) response calculation. Special attention is paid to the impact of power distribution and spontaneous fission distribution form factor on IC response correction during control assembly movement. Precision and robustness of different corrections of IC signal processing in real core start-up processed IC signals was evaluated.
Analyses of Beyond Design Basis Accident Homogeneous Boron Dilution Scenarios
Authors: Keresztúri A. , Hegyi Gy. , Maráczy Cs. , Trosztel I. , Tóta Á. , Karsa Z. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Homogeneous boron dilution scenarios in a VVER-440 reactor were analyzed using the coupled KIKO3D-ATHLET code. The scenarios are named “homogeneous” because of the very slow dilution caused by a rupture in the heat exchanger of the makeup system. In the case of the presented Beyond Design Basis Accident (BDBA) scenarios, it was supposed that after 30 min the operator doesn't stop the dilution, violating the prescriptions of the Limits and Conditions document. Without the presented analyses, a significant contribution of the homogeneous boron dilution to the Core Damage Frequency (CDF) had to be assumed in the Probabilistic Safety Analyses (PSA). According to the combined results of the presented deterministic and probabilistic analyses, the final conclusion is that boron dilution transients don't give significant contribution to the CDF for the investigated VVER-440 NPP.
Usage of burnt fuel isotopic compositions from engineering codes in Monte-Carlo code calculations
Authors: Aleshin S. S. , Gorodkov S. S. , Shcherenko A. I. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A burn-up calculation of VVER's cores by Monte-Carlo code is complex process and requires large computational costs. This fact makes Monte-Carlo codes usage complicated for project and operating calculations. Previously prepared isotopic compositions are proposed to use for the Monte-Carlo code (MCU) calculations of different states of VVER's core with burnt fuel. Isotopic compositions are proposed to calculate by an approximation method. The approximation method is based on usage of a spectral functionality and reference isotopic compositions, that are calculated by engineering codes (TVS-M, PERMAK-A). The multiplication factors and power distributions of FA and VVER with infinite height are calculated in this work by the Monte-Carlo code MCU using earlier prepared isotopic compositions. The MCU calculation data were compared with the data which were obtained by engineering codes.
Inter-assembly gap deviations in VVER-1000: Accounting for effects on engineering margin factors
Authors: Shishkov L. , Gorodkov S. , Mikailov E. , Sukhino-Khomenko E. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Jacketless fuel assemblies change their form in the course of operation. Often they bow lengthwise. Primarily, these fuel assembly (FA) bows threaten to reduce the control rods' fall rate, but at the same time they change (e. g. increase) the amount of moderator in inter-assembly gaps, thus producing additional power surges. Gap sizes vary randomly and their impact is accounted for with the help of engineering margin factors. For VVER-1000, this account of engineering margin factors increases the fuel component of electricity generation cost by 3–5%, and a half of this increase is due to inter-assembly gap variations. This paper discusses the technique used to account for the impact produced by these gaps on fuel rod power; gives numerical values of sensitivity factors for power variations vs. gap sizes depending on the computational model assumed; and discusses the interference of gap effects and the account of power and coolant temperature feedbacks.
Osteopontin Promotes Oncostatin M Production in Human Osteoblasts: Implication of Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy
Authors: Su Chen-Ming , Chiang Yi-Chun , Huang Chun-Yin , Hsu Chin-Jung , Fong Yi-Chin , Tang Chih-Hsin 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that subchondral bone might play an essential role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Osteopontin (OPN) induces the production of an important proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of RA. This study evaluated the activation of oncostatin M (OSM) by OPN in human primary osteoblasts to understand RA pathogenesis and characterized the intracellular signaling pathways involved in this activation. Quantitative PCR, ELISA, and Western blot results indicated that stimulation of human primary osteoblasts with OPN induces OSM expression through αvβ3 integrin/c-Src/platelet-derived growth factor receptor transactivation/MEK/ERK. Treatment of osteoblasts with OPN also increased c-Jun phosphorylation, AP-1 luciferase activity, and c-Jun binding to the AP-1 element on the OSM promoter, as demonstrated using chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Moreover, inhibition of OPN expression using lentiviral-OPN short hairpin RNA resulted in the amelioration of articular swelling, cartilage erosion, and OSM expression in the ankle joint of mice with collagen-induced arthritis as shown using microcomputed tomography and immunohistochemistry staining. Our results imply that OSM expression in osteoblasts increases in response to OPN-induced inflammation in vitro. Finally, lentiviral-OPN short hairpin RNA ameliorates the inflammatory response and bone destruction in mice with collagen-induced arthritis. Therefore, OPN may be a potential therapeutic target for RA.
Kupffer Cells Support Hepatitis B Virus–Mediated CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion via Hepatitis B Core Antigen–TLR2 Interactions in Mice
Authors: Li Min , Sun Rui , Xu Long , Yin Wenwei , Chen Yongyan , Zheng Xiaodong , Lian Zhexiong , Wei Haiming , Tian Zhigang 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) persistence is a fundamental process in chronic HBV infection and a key factor in all related liver diseases; however, the mechanisms have yet to be elucidated. We studied the role of TLR2 in HBV persistence using a well-established HBV-carrier mouse model generated by hydrodynamically injecting a phospho–adeno-associated virus/HBV1.2 plasmid into mice. We found that a genetic deficiency in TLR2 improves HBV elimination, whereas activating TLR2 led to more stable HBV persistence, suggesting that TLR2 activation is critical in HBV persistence. Furthermore, we noted that TLR2 activation could inhibit CD8+ T cell function, causing the exhaustion phenotype in HBV-carrier mice, because TLR2 deficiency might rescue CD8+ T cell function in a cellular adoptive experiment. TLR2 expression on Kupffer cells (KCs) was upregulated in HBV-carrier mice, which accounts for HBV persistence, because the difference in anti-HBV immunity between HBV-carrier wild-type and Tlr2−/− mice did not exist after KC depletion. In addition, similar to TLR2 deficiency, after KC depletion, CD8+ T cells were more efficiently activated in HBV-carrier mice, leading to rapid HBV elimination. KCs produced more IL-10 upon TLR2 activation in response to direct hepatitis B core Ag stimulation, and the elevated IL-10 inhibited CD8+ T cell function in HBV-carrier mice, because IL-10 deficiency or anti–IL-10R treatment resulted in CD8+ T cells with stronger antiviral function. In conclusion, KCs support liver tolerance by inducing anti-HBV CD8+ T cell exhaustion via IL-10 production after TLR2 activation by hepatitis B core Ag stimulation.
Ipertensione arteriosa: il ruolo dell’internista
Authors: Pinna Guest Editors: G. , Nardi R. 
Published: August 2015

<img src="/public/site/images/pgranata/Sezioni2.jpg" alt="" /><br /><p class="titolo"><strong>Ipertensione arteriosa: il ruolo dell’internista </strong>1<br /><em>M. Campanini</em></p><img src="/public/site/images/pgranata/rass.jpg" alt="" /><br /><p class="titolo"><strong>Controversie sulle linee guida dell’ipertensione </strong>3<br /><em>A. Mazza, S. Lenti</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Ipertensione arteriosa e diabete mellito </strong>8<br /><em>C. Marengo, G. Imperiale, G. Pinna</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Cardiopatia ischemica e ipertensione: quale ruolo per l’internista? </strong>16<br /><em>F. Angeli, G. Reboldi, A. Aita, C. Bartolini, M. Garofoli, P. Verdecchia</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Ipertensione arteriosa e scompenso cardiaco </strong>22<br /><em>F. Orlandini, M. La Regina</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Ipertensione arteriosa e fibrillazione atriale </strong>31<br /><em>R. Frediani, G. Mathieu, G. Pinna</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong> Rene e ipertensione arteriosa: storia di una relazione complicata. Quale ruolo per l’internista? </strong>43<br /><em>D. Manfellotto, F. Lorenzi</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Ipertensione secondaria </strong>51<br /><em>G. Antonucci, G. Bertinieri</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Nutraceutica ed ipertensione arteriosa </strong>58<br /><em>M. D’Avino, D. Caruso</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Disfunzione erettile e ipertensione arteriosa </strong>65<br /><em>N. Artom, G. Pinna</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>Ipertensione arteriosa nell’anziano </strong>71<br /><em>C. Pascale, A. Artom</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>L’ipertensione resistente </strong>80<br /><em>G. Mathieu</em></p><p class="titolo"><strong>La terapia di associazione nell’ipertensione arteriosa </strong>90<br /><em>G. Pinna, S. Cozzio</em></p>
Spreadsheets - 90+ million End User Programmers With No Comment Tracking or Version Control
Authors: Durusau Patrick , Hunting Sam 
Published: August 2015

Stephen Gandel's Damn Excel! How the 'most important software application of all time' is ruining the world is NOT an indictment of Excel. It is an indictment of the inability to:

link spreadsheets to emails

track relationships between cells and between cells and formulas

track comments on spreadsheet errors

have versioning for cell contents/formulas

Without those capabilities, spreadsheets are dangerous to their authors and others.
How dangerous you ask? A short list of horror stories would include: 2013, the "London Whale," JPMorgan Chase, lost £250 million; 2013, error in calculation of international Government debt to GDP ratios; 2012, JPMorgan Chase loses $6.2 billion due to a spreadsheet formula error; 2011, MF Global collapses, in part due to the use of spreadsheets to track assets and liabilities; 2010, US Federal Reserve, spreadsheet error on calculation of $4 billion in Consumer Revolving Credit. The EuSpRIG Horror Stories page has a generous sampling of more spreadsheet horror stories.
Statistically speaking, F1F9 estimates:
88% of all spreadsheets have errors in them, while 50% of spreadsheets used by large companies have material defects, resulting in loss of time and money, damaged reputations, lost jobs and disrupted careers.
If that weren't bad enough, other research indicates that 33% of all bad business decisons are traceable to spreadsheet errors. That's right, 33% of all bad business decisions. That's a business case looking for a solution. Yes?

Disclaimer: Topic maps, even a legend based on the Topic Maps Reference Model, ISO/IEC 13250-5 (2015), cannot magically prevent fraud, stupidity or human error. Topic maps can enable the modeling of relationships within spreadsheets, create comment tracking on errors/spreadsheets, even when the comments are in emails, and explore the subject identities and merging practices required for content level versioing of spreadsheets. Our goal is to empower you to detect fraud, stupidity and human error.
On the technical side, we will analyze real world spreadsheets, determine subjects to be represented and how to identify them, create a legend that will constrain the representatives of subjects (using ordinary XML tools), create a topic map of an actual spreadsheet and review our results against the known requirements to improve auditing of spreadsheets. The auditing process itself will be shown to be auditable.
Markup as Index Interface
Authors: Holstege Mary 
Published: August 2015

To a search engine, indexes are specified by the content: the words, phrases, and characters that are actually present tell the search engine what inverted indexes to create. Other external knowledge can be applied add to this inventory of indexes. For example, knowledge of the document language can lead to indexes for word stems or decompounding. These can unify different content into the same index or split the same content into multiple indexes. That is, different words manifest in the content can be unified under a single search key, and the same word can have multiple manifestations under different search keys. Turning this around, the indexes represent the retrievable information content in the document. Full text search is not an either/or yes/no system, but one of relative fit (scoring). Precision balances against recall, mediated by scoring.
The search engine perspective offers a different way to think about markup:

As a specification of the retrievable information content of the document.

As something that can, with additional information, unify different markup or provide multiple distinct views of the same markup.

As something that can be present to greater or lesser degrees, with a goodness of match (scoring).

As a specification that can be adjusted to balance precision and recall.

What does this search engine perspective on markup mean, concretely? Can we use it to reframe some persistent conundrums, such as vocabulary resolution and overlap? Let's see.
Diagramming XML
Authors: Quin Liam R. E. 
Published: August 2015

The growth in popularity of “Big Data” has brought an increased interest in visualization; that is, in software that draws graphical representations of data in the hope that a human observer can spot emergent patterns. Visualization takes data and shows a usually incomplete view.
People working with XML documents may have large amounts of data to visualize, in which case some of these techniques can be very effective. People may also wish to explore constraints on the XML documents, such as those typically expressed in an XML DTD or schema.
This paper will focus primarily not on data visualization of trends but on explicit visual representation of relationships: that is diagrams that illustrate a DTD schema, an XML instance, a universe of possible instances, and relationships between these things. Techniques used will focus on producing diagrams intended for use in Web browsers using libraries such as D3.js.
An underlying motivation for this work is to explore affordances peculiar to XML documents: to ask, what makes XML special, or, what would need to be reinvented if one were to abandon XML for other systems.