bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criminal justice system contact and mortality among offenders with mental illness in British Columbia: an assessment of mediation
Authors: McCandless Lawrence C , Stewart Lauren C , Rempel Emily S , Venners Scott A , Somers Julian M 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundPersons with mental illness are over-represented in prison populations around the world. They are more vulnerable to arrest and more likely to experience repeated encounters with the criminal justice system. Whether criminal justice involvement, in and of itself, is associated with higher mortality, particularly among offenders with mental illness, is unknown.MethodsThe authors conducted a mediation analysis of mortality rates in a cohort of 79 088 offenders from British Columbia using administrative records spanning 2001–2010, where the mediating variable was the individual-level rate of criminal sentencing.ResultsDuring 339 506 person-years of follow-up, there were 1841 deaths. The diagnosis of mental illness had no direct association with higher mortality after adjustment for confounders (HR=0.98, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.06). However, mental illness had an indirect association with mortality that was mediated through more frequent criminal justice involvement (HR=1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04).ConclusionsThese findings support the hypothesis that offenders with mental illness experience higher mortality that is mediated by higher rates of criminal justice contact. The results of our study indicate that criminal justice diversion programmes are further warranted because they may contribute to the prevention of mortality among offenders with mental illness.
Stroke recurrence rates among patients with symptomatic intracranial vertebrobasilar stenoses: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abuzinadah Ahmad R , Alanazy Mohammed H , Almekhlafi Mohammed A , Duan Yanjune , Zhu Haifeng , Mazighi Mikael , Lutsep Helmi L , Donnon Tyrone , Hill Michael D 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundA recent randomized trial of patients with primarily anterior circulation intracranial artery stenosis showed that intensive medical therapy was superior to intracranial stenting in preventing recurrent stroke. The rate of stroke recurrence or death in symptomatic intracranial vertebrobasilar stenosis with medical therapy alone may be especially high, and rates compared with endovascular therapy need further study.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting the rates of stroke recurrence or death (the primary outcome) in symptomatic intracranial vertebrobasilar stenosis with medical or endovascular treatment over a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. We included all studies in any language indexed in MEDLINE or EMBASE, supplemented by bibliography searches and by contacting the authors. The secondary endpoints were stroke recurrence, and basilar artery and vertebral artery stroke recurrence rates.Results23 studies (592 medical treatment patients and 480 endovascular treatment patients) were included. The risk of combined stroke recurrence or death was 14.8 per 100 person-years (95% CI 9.5 to 20.1) in the medical group compared with 8.9 per 100 person-years (95% CI 6.9 to 11.0) in the endovascular group. The incidence rate ratio was 1.3 (95% CI 1.0 to 1.7). The stroke recurrence rate was 9.6 per 100 person-years (95% CI 5.1 to 14.1) in the medical group compared with 7.2 per 100 person-years (95% CI 5.5 to 9.0) in the endovascular group.ConclusionsOur results showed that the risk of stroke recurrence or death or the risk of stroke recurrence alone was comparable between the medical and endovascular therapy groups. A small preventive effect of endovascular therapy may exist, particularly if the 30 day postprocedural risk is reduced.
REAPING THE BENEFITS: MECHANISMS FOR KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER IN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT COLLABORATION
Authors: AXELSON MATTIAS , RICHTNÉR ANDERS 
Published: December 2014

Research on knowledge transfer has predominantly focused on how to transfer source knowledge successfully to a recipient. However, there is a lack of studies on product development (PD) collaborations where the parties involved in the knowledge transfer must all jointly contribute to the knowledge transfer process when no clear sender–receiver relationship exists. Our paper concerns these relationships and is guided by the following research question: What are the mechanisms used in order to create operational level conditions for knowledge transfer in collaborative PD projects?Through a three-year longitudinal inductive case study on knowledge transfer between two companies, covering both operational and managerial levels, five key mechanisms for enabling knowledge transfer were identified: (1) co-locate a team; (2) access to existing technology; (3) establish a common vocabulary; (4) shared work processes; and (5) having joint work tasks. Our results show these five mechanisms have a mutual influence on each other, thus further facilitating the transfer of knowledge. Understanding the mechanisms and their interplay can help companies succeed in their attempts at reaping the benefits of PD collaborations.
Prospective Validation of a New Method of Monitoring Minimal Residual Disease in Childhood Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Steinbach Daniel , Bader Peter , Willasch Andre , Bartholomae Stephan , Debatin Klaus-Michael , Zimmermann Martin , Creutzig Ursula , Reinhardt Dirk , Gruhn Bernd 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Purpose: This study evaluated the prognostic impact of a novel, simple, and standardized assay for monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) in pediatric acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).
Experimental Design: The expression of seven leukemia-associated genes (WT1, PRAME, CCL23, GAGED2, MSLN, SPAG6, and ST18) was measured by TaqMan Low Density Arrays in 112 patients and 52 healthy controls. Patients were treated according to the multicenter study AML-BFM 2004. Samples were collected prospectively at standard time points. The laboratory that measured MRD was blinded to patient outcome.
Results: Relapse-free survival (RFS) was 95% (N = 19; SE = 5%) if expression of all genes was down to normal on day 15, 63% (N = 41; SE = 8%) if expression was normalized on day 28, and 38% (N = 21; SE = 11%) in patients who still showed elevated expression on day 28. The prognostic impact of MRD remained significant (P = 0.002) when patients were stratified for the AML-BFM 2004 risk group. Multivariate analysis identified the MRD risk group and day 28 cytology as the only independent prognostic factors. Patients with a cytologic nonremission on day 28, which was confirmed by MRD, had a dismal prognosis. Only 1 out of 8 patients survived without relapse.
Conclusions: This novel method of monitoring MRD has a strong prognostic impact that is independent from established risk factors in childhood AML. Clin Cancer Res; 21(6); 1353–9. ©2014 AACR.
Subjective Memory Complaints and the Risk of Stroke
Authors: Sajjad Ayesha , Mirza Saira Saeed , Portegies Marileen L.P. , Bos Michiel J. , Hofman Albert , Koudstaal Peter J. , Tiemeier Henning , Ikram M. Arfan 
Published: December 2014

Background and Purpose—
Persons with cognitive impairment, as assessed by cognitive tests, are at a higher risk of stroke. Subjective memory complaints might be an earlier marker for stroke, especially in persons with higher education. Their cognitive reserve might mask their cognitive impairment during cognitive testing. In a population-based setting, we investigated the association between subjective memory complaints and stroke. We simultaneously investigated the association between Mini-Mental State Examination and stroke. We also assessed whether these associations varied with educational level.

Methods—
9152 participants from the Rotterdam Study (baseline 1990–1993 or 2000–2001) completed the subjective memory complaints questionnaire and underwent Mini-Mental State Examination assessment. Subsequently, the entire cohort was followed for incident stroke until 2012. We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the associations between subjective memory complaints and Mini-Mental State Examination, with stroke.

Results—
During a follow-up of 111 593 person years, 1134 strokes were identified, of which 663 were ischemic and 99 hemorrhagic. In the fully adjusted model, presence of subjective memory complaints was independently associated with a higher risk of stroke (hazard ratio, 1.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–1.39), but a higher Mini-Mental State Examination was not (hazard ratio per point increase, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.95–1.02). The association between subjective memory complaints and risk of stroke was modified by educational level, with a higher risk of stroke in persons with a higher level of education (hazard ratio, 1.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–1.81).

Conclusions—
Subjective memory complaints might be an early indicator of stroke risk, especially in highly educated individuals.
NURR1 Involvement in Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Treatment Complications After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Merino-Zamorano Cristina , Hernández-Guillamon Mar , Jullienne Amandine , Le Béhot Audrey , Bardou Isabelle , Parés Mireia , Fernández-Cadenas Israel , Giralt Dolors , Carrera Caty , Ribó Marc , Vivien Denis , Ali Carine , Rosell Anna , Montaner Joan 
Published: December 2014

Background and Purpose—
Despite the effectiveness of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) during the acute phase of ischemic stroke, the therapy remains limited by a narrow time window and the occurrence of occasional vascular side effects, particularly symptomatic hemorrhages. Our aim was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the endothelial damage resulting from r-tPA treatment in ischemic-like conditions.

Methods—
Microarray analyses were performed on cerebral endothelial cells submitted to r-tPA treatment during oxygen and glucose deprivation to identify novel biomarker candidates. Validation was then performed in vivo in a mouse model of thromboembolic stroke and culminated in an analysis in a clinical cohort of patients with ischemic stroke treated with thrombolysis.

Results—
The transcription factor NURR1 (NR4A2) was identified as a downstream target induced by r-tPA during oxygen and glucose deprivation. Silencing NURR1 expression reversed the endothelial-toxicity induced by the combined stimuli, a protective effect attributable to reduced levels of proinflammatory mediators, such as nuclear factor-kappa-beta 2 (NF-κ-B2), interleukin 1 alpha (IL1α), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3), colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage; CSF2). The detrimental effect of delayed thrombolysis, in conditions in which NURR1 gene expression was enhanced, was confirmed in the preclinical stroke model. Finally, we determined that patients with stroke who had a symptomatic hemorrhagic transformation after r-tPA treatment exhibited higher baseline serum NURR1 levels than did patients with an asymptomatic or absence of cerebral bleedings.

Conclusions—
Our results suggest that NURR1 upregulation by r-tPA during ischemic stroke is associated with endothelial dysfunction and inflammation and the enhancement of hemorrhagic complications associated to thrombolysis.
On the Relationships between Subtropical Clouds and Meteorology in Observations and CMIP3 and CMIP5 Models
Authors: Myers Timothy A. , Norris Joel R. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractClimate models’ simulation of clouds over the eastern subtropical oceans contributes to large uncertainties in projected cloud feedback to global warming. Here, interannual relationships of cloud radiative effect and cloud fraction to meteorological variables are examined in observations and in models participating in phases 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5, respectively). In observations, cooler sea surface temperature, a stronger estimated temperature inversion, and colder horizontal surface temperature advection are each associated with larger low-level cloud fraction and increased reflected shortwave radiation. A moister free troposphere and weaker subsidence are each associated with larger mid- and high-level cloud fraction and offsetting components of shortwave and longwave cloud radiative effect. It is found that a larger percentage of CMIP5 than CMIP3 models simulate the wrong sign or magnitude of the relationship of shortwave cloud radiative effect to sea surface temperature and estimated inversion strength. Furthermore, most models fail to produce the sign of the relationship between shortwave cloud radiative effect and temperature advection. These deficiencies are mostly, but not exclusively, attributable to errors in the relationship between low-level cloud fraction and meteorology. Poor model performance also arises due to errors in the response of mid- and high-level cloud fraction to variations in meteorology. Models exhibiting relationships closest to observations tend to project less solar reflection by clouds in the late twenty-first century and have higher climate sensitivities than poorer-performing models. Nevertheless, the intermodel spread of climate sensitivity is large even among these realistic models.
Dynamic Adjustment of the Ocean Circulation to Self-Attraction and Loading Effects
Authors: Vinogradova Nadya T. , Ponte Rui M. , Quinn Katherine J. , Tamisiea Mark E. , Campin Jean-Michel , Davis James L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe oceanic response to surface loading, such as that related to atmospheric pressure, freshwater exchange, and changes in the gravity field, is essential to our understanding of sea level variability. In particular, so-called self-attraction and loading (SAL) effects caused by the redistribution of mass within the land–atmosphere–ocean system can have a measurable impact on sea level. In this study, the nature of SAL-induced variability in sea level is examined in terms of its equilibrium (static) and nonequilibrium (dynamic) components, using a general circulation model that implicitly includes the physics of SAL. The additional SAL forcing is derived by decomposing ocean mass anomalies into spherical harmonics and then applying Love numbers to infer associated crustal displacements and gravitational shifts. This implementation of SAL physics incurs only a relatively small computational cost. Effects of SAL on sea level amount to about 10% of the applied surface loading on average but depend strongly on location. The dynamic component exhibits large-scale basinwide patterns, with considerable contributions from subweekly time scales. Departures from equilibrium decrease toward longer time scales but are not totally negligible in many places. Ocean modeling studies should benefit from using a dynamical implementation of SAL as used here.
Conventional vascular risk factors: Their role in the association between migraine and cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Sacco Simona , Pistoia Francesca , Degan Diana , Carolei Antonio 
Published: December 2014

Introduction Migraine, in particular migraine with aura, has been found to be associated with cardiovascular disease. However, the role of conventional vascular risk factors in the association is still debated. The aim of the present review is to address the association between migraine and conventional cardiovascular risk factors as well as to address their possible role in the association between migraine and cardiovascular disease. Methods Data for this review were obtained through searches in multiple sources up to May 2014 using the terms “migraine” OR “headache” in combination with all the vascular risk factors of interest. Results Data about the possible association between migraine and high blood pressure values are heterogeneous, hindering any final conclusion. Data addressing the possible association between migraine and diabetes mellitus indicate the lack of any association or in some cases a negative association between the two conditions. The body of evidence on the role of dyslipidemia in migraineurs is relatively homogeneous and, with few exceptions, reports an association between migraine and an unfavorable lipid profile; however, the difference in lipid levels between migraineurs and non-migraineurs is small and its clinical implication unclear. Regarding obesity, a trend has been observed of increased risk of migraine with increasing obesity, especially in young patients, albeit in the midst of conflicting data. Evidence about the association between cigarette smoking and migraine mostly indicates that migraineurs are more commonly smokers than non-migraineurs. On the other hand, the majority of the available studies report less alcohol use in migraineurs than in non-migraineurs. Finally, many of the available studies suggest a more frequent family history of cardiovascular disease in migraineurs as compared to non-migraineurs. Since most of the studies that supported the association between migraine and cardiovascular disease adjusted the analyses for the presence of several vascular risk factors, they cannot entirely explain this association. Conclusions Based on the available reported data, it seems unlikely that the higher risk of cardiovascular disease in migraineurs is mediated by any single vascular risk factor. For this reason the role of specific interactions among risk factors with the contribution of genetic, environmental, personality and psychological factors should be appropriately investigated.
Outcomes of Arthroscopic Hill-Sachs Remplissage and Anterior Bankart Repair
Authors: Merolla Giovanni , Paladini Paolo , Di Napoli Giuseppe , Campi Fabrizio , Porcellini Giuseppe 
Published: December 2014

Background: Hill-Sachs lesions are compression fractures that result from shoulder dislocation. They involve “engaging” the humeral head on the anterior glenoid rim when the arm is abducted and externally rotated. The defect grows as the number of dislocations increases. Hypothesis: Arthroscopic remplissage and anterior Bankart repair do not significantly affect infraspinatus strength while ensuring healing of the capsulotenodesis. Study design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Sixty-one patients with traumatic anterior shoulder instability treated by arthroscopic Bankart repair and Hill-Sachs remplissage at least 24 months previously were compared with a control group of 40 healthy participants. Preoperative imaging included magnetic resonance imaging for Bankart lesion identification and computed tomography to quantify the humeral head defect. Active range of motion and clinical scores (Walch-Duplay, Constant-Murley, and Rowe) were assessed. External rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR) were measured with arm at the side (ER1 and IR1) and abducted at 90° (ER2 and IR2). Infraspinatus strength was assessed with the scapula free (infraspinatus strength test [IST]) and retracted (infraspinatus scapula retraction test [ISRT]). Infraspinatus tenodesis and posterior capsulodesis healing were evaluated by ultrasound (US). Results: The follow-up median was 39.5 months (range, 24-56 months). One patient experienced a recurrence of instability at 34 months. In the remplissage patients, ER1 was significantly lower in the affected compared with the unaffected shoulder ( P < .001). Mean IST and ISRT strength values did not show differences between sides. The mean Constant-Murley score rose from 62.9 ± 7.1 to 90 ± 5.2 ( P < .0001). The Walch-Duplay and Rowe scores were excellent in 23 (78.6%), good in 6 (17.8%), and poor in 1 patient (both scores). The remplissage group had significantly lower ER1 ( P < .001), ER2 ( P < .001), and IR2 ( P < .01) values compared with the control group. Differences in IST and ISRT between the groups were not significant. Capsulotenodesis healing and filling of the Hill-Sachs defect were confirmed by dynamic US in all subjects. Conclusion: Arthroscopic remplissage is a reliable approach to Hill-Sachs lesions. The ER and IR restriction does not significantly affect quality of life. Infraspinatus strength recovery is satisfactory even compared with healthy subjects. Ultrasound examination allows accurate evaluation of capsulotenodesis healing.
The Size of the Human Tongue Shadow in Different Mandibular Postures
Authors: Vig P. S. , Cohen A. M. 
Published: December 2014

A previous objection to the cephalometric assessment of individual variations in tongue size was the difficulty of obtaining a standardized position of the tongue and the effect this may have on its apparent size. Five different positions of the mandible were recorded on cephalometric radiographs in sixteen individuals. The tongue postures adopted were produced spontaneously for each posed position of the mandible. Measurement of the tongue area revealed a high degree of intra-individual consistency when comparing the tongue area with the mandible at rest to the area found when the teeth were edge to edge or in occlusion. When the mouth was wide open or the mandible was maximally protruded, the tongue area measurement was significantly different (smaller). The level of reliability of the tongue measurements has been established. It is suggested that further studies of orofacial morphology and posture could usefully incorporate tongue dimensions, provided that recordings were made while the mandible is contained by an envelope of movement limited by occlusion, rest position and incisors edge to edge.
Loss of PRDM11 promotes MYC-driven lymphomagenesis
Authors: Fog Cathrine Kolster , Asmar Fazila , Côme Christophe , Jensen Klaus Thorleif , Johansen Jens Vilstrup , Kheir Tony Bou , Jacobsen Linda , Friis Carsten , Louw Alison , Rosgaard Louise , Øbro Nina Friesgaard , Marquart Hanne Vibeke , Anthonsen Kristian , Braat Arie Koen , van Lohuizen Maarten , Ralfkiaer Elisabeth , Grønbæk Kirsten , Lund Anders Henrik 
Published: December 2014

Key Points
Loss of Prdm11 accelerates MYC-driven lymphomagenesis. PRDM11 regulates transcription of target genes, including FOS and JUN.
Transformed follicular non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Casulo Carla , Burack W. Richard , Friedberg Jonathan W. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHistologic transformation of follicular lymphoma to an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a critical biologic event with profound implications on the natural history of this otherwise indolent disease. Recent insights into the genetic and epigenetic basis of transformation have been described, with the recognition of pivotal events governing the initiation and persistence of tumor evolution. Outcomes of patients with transformed lymphoma have historically been poor; however, several studies in the rituximab era suggest that survival may be more favorable than previously recognized. This review highlights our current understanding of transformed follicular lymphoma biology and pathogenesis, current treatment, and future directions.
Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and mediastinal gray zone lymphoma: do they require a unique therapeutic approach?
Authors: Dunleavy Kieron , Wilson Wyndham H. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) is a subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) that is putatively derived from a thymic B cell. Accounting for up to 10% of cases of DLBCL, this subtype predominantly affects women in the third and fourth decades of life. Its clinical and molecular characteristics are distinct from other subtypes of DLBCL and, in fact, closely resemble those of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma (NSHL). Recently, mediastinal lymphomas with features intermediate between PMBL and NSHL, called mediastinal gray-zone lymphomas, have been described. The optimal management of PMBL is controversial, and most standard approaches include a combination of immunochemotherapy and mediastinal radiation. Recently, the recognition that mediastinal radiation is associated with significant long-term toxicities has led to the development of novel approaches for PMBL that have shown excellent efficacy and challenge the need for routine mediastinal radiation.