bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Betaglycan Alters NFκB-TGFβ2 Cross Talk to Reduce Survival of Human Granulosa Tumor Cells
Authors: Bilandzic Maree , Chu Simon , Wang Yao , Tan Han L. , Fuller Peter J. , Findlay Jock K. , Stenvers Kaye L. 
Published: January 2013

Abstract
The molecular pathways controlling granulosa cell tumor (GCT) survival are poorly understood. In many cell types, nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) and TGFβ coordinately regulate cell survival to maintain tissue homeostasis. Because GCT cell lines exhibit constitutively activated NFκB, we hypothesized that NFκB blocks TGFβ-mediated cell death in GCT cells. To test this hypothesis, we used the human GCT cell line KGN, which exhibits loss of betaglycan, a TGFβ co-receptor. After inhibition of NFκB in KGN cells, re-expression of betaglycan resulted in a decrease in cell viability, which was further decreased by TGFβ2. Intriguingly, TGFβ2 increased NFκB reporter activity in control cells, but betaglycan expression suppressed both basal and TGFβ2-stimulated NFκB activity. Chemical inhibition of Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 (SMAD2/3) signaling or SMAD2/3 gene silencing revealed that both SMADs contributed to cell survival. Furthermore, inhibiting NFκB activity resulted in a specific reduction in SMAD3 expression. Conversely, overexpression of SMAD3 increased basal NFκB activity and countered betaglycan-mediated suppression of NFκB activity. Finally, ERK1/2 activation emerged as the point of convergence of NFκB, SMAD3, and TGFβ2/betaglycan governance of GCT cell viability. Key findings in KGN cells were reproduced in a second GCT cell line, COV434. Collectively, our data establish that both SMAD2/3 and NFκB signaling pathways support GCT cell viability and suggest the existence of a positive feedback loop between NFκB and SMAD3 signaling in late-stage GCT. Furthermore, our data suggest that loss of betaglycan during tumor progression in GCT alters the functional outcomes generated by NFκB and TGFβ pathway cross talk.
PAK–PIX interactions regulate adhesion dynamics and membrane protrusion to control neurite outgrowth
Authors: Santiago-Medina Miguel , Gregus Kelly A. , Gomez Timothy M. 
Published: January 2013

Summary
The roles of P21-activated kinase (PAK) in the regulation of axon outgrowth downstream of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are poorly understood. Here we show that PAK1–3 and PIX are expressed in the developing spinal cord and differentially localize to point contacts and filopodial tips within motile growth cones. Using a specific interfering peptide called PAK18, we found that axon outgrowth is robustly stimulated on laminin by partial inhibition of PAK–PIX interactions and PAK function, whereas complete inhibition of PAK function stalls axon outgrowth. Furthermore, modest inhibition of PAK–PIX stimulates the assembly and turnover of growth cone point contacts, whereas strong inhibition over-stabilizes adhesions. Point mutations within PAK confirm the importance of PIX binding. Together our data suggest that regulation of PAK–PIX interactions in growth cones controls neurite outgrowth by influencing the activity of several important mediators of actin filament polymerization and retrograde flow, as well as integrin-dependent adhesion to laminin.
Dinosaur lactation?
Authors: Else Paul L. 
Published: January 2013

Summary
Lactation is a process associated with mammals, yet a number of birds feed their newly hatched young on secretions analogous to the milk of mammals. These secretions are produced from various sections (crop organ, oesophageal lining and proventriculus) of the upper digestive tract and possess similar levels of fat and protein, as well as added carotenoids, antibodies and, in the case of pigeons and doves, epidermal growth factor. Parental care in avian species has been proposed to originate from dinosaurs. This study examines the possibility that some dinosaurs used secretory feeding to increase the rate of growth of their young, estimated to be similar to that of present day birds and mammals. Dinosaur ‘lactation’ could also have facilitated immune responses as well as extending parental protection as a result of feeding newly hatched young in nest environments. While the arguments for dinosaur lactation are somewhat generic, a case study for lactation in herbivorous site-nesting dinosaurs is presented. It is proposes that secretory feeding could have been used to bridge the gap between hatching and establishment of the normal diet in some dinosaurs.
Shock avoidance by discrimination learning in the shore crab (Carcinus maenas) is consistent with a key criterion for pain
Authors: Magee Barry , Elwood Robert W. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYNociception allows for immediate reflex withdrawal whereas pain allows for longer-term protection via rapid learning. We examine here whether shore crabs placed within a brightly lit chamber learn to avoid one of two dark shelters when that shelter consistently results in shock. Crabs were randomly selected to receive shock or not prior to making their first choice and were tested again over 10 trials. Those that received shock in trial 2, irrespective of shock in trial 1, were more likely to switch shelter choice in the next trial and thus showed rapid discrimination. During trial 1, many crabs emerged from the shock shelter and an increasing proportion emerged in later trials, thus avoiding shock by entering a normally avoided light area. In a final test we switched distinctive visual stimuli positioned above each shelter and/or changed the orientation of the crab when placed in the chamber for the test. The visual stimuli had no effect on choice, but crabs with altered orientation now selected the shock shelter, indicating that they had discriminated between the two shelters on the basis of movement direction. These data, and those of other recent experiments, are consistent with key criteria for pain experience and are broadly similar to those from vertebrate studies.
Zebrafish larvae evade predators by sensing water flow
Authors: Stewart William J. , Cardenas Gilberto S. , McHenry Matthew J. 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARYThe ability of fish to evade predators is central to the ecology and evolution of a diversity of species. However, it is largely unclear how prey fish detect predators in order to initiate their escape. We tested whether larval zebrafish (Danio rerio) sense the flow created by adult predators of the same species. When placed together in a cylindrical arena, we found that larvae were able to escape 70% of predator strikes (mean escape probability Pescape=0.7, N=13). However, when we pharmacologically ablated the flow-sensitive lateral line system, larvae were rarely capable of escape (mean Pescape=0.05, N=11). In order to explore the rapid events that facilitate a successful escape, we recorded freely swimming predators and prey using a custom-built camera dolly. This device permitted two-dimensional camera motion to manually track prey and record their escape response with high temporal and spatial resolution. These recordings demonstrated that prey were more than 3 times more likely to evade a suction-feeding predator if they responded before (Pescape=0.53, N=43), rather than after (Pescape=0.15, N=13), a predator's mouth opened, which is a highly significant difference. Therefore, flow sensing plays an essential role in predator evasion by facilitating a response prior to a predator's strike.
Minke whales maximise energy storage on their feeding grounds
Authors: Christiansen Fredrik , Víkingsson Gísli A. , Rasmussen Marianne H. , Lusseau David 
Published: January 2013

SUMMARY
Seasonal trends in energy storage of the minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata), a capital breeder, were investigated in Iceland, a North Atlantic feeding ground. The aim was to better understand the energy acquisition strategies of minke whales and the energetic costs that different reproductive classes face during the breeding season. We modelled total blubber volume, using blubber thickness and morphometric measurements of individual whales. Blubber volume was influenced by body length, and was higher for pregnant females than mature whales. Blubber volume increased linearly through the feeding season at the same rate for mature (mean ± s.e.m.=0.0028±0.00103 m3 day−1; N=61 male, 5 female) and pregnant whales (0.0024±0.00100 m3 day−1; N=49), suggesting that minke whales aim to maximise energy storage while on the feeding grounds. The total amount of blubber accumulated over the feeding season (0.51±0.119 m3 for mature and 0.43±0.112 m3 for pregnant whales), together with energy stored as muscle and intra-abdominal fats, constitutes the total amount of energy available for reproduction (fetus development and lactation) on the breeding grounds, as well as migration, daily field metabolic rates, growth and body maintenance. No seasonal variation was observed for immature whales (N=4 male, 12 female), suggesting that they are investing most of their excess energy into growth rather than reproduction, in order to reach the length of sexual maturity faster and start reproducing earlier. Our novel modelling approach provides insight into large whale bioenergetics and life history strategies, as well as the relationship between single-site measurement of blubber thickness and total blubber volume.
Managing Licensing in a Market for Technology
Authors: Arora Ashish , Fosfuri Andrea , Rønde Thomas 
Published: January 2013

Technology licensing is an important means for companies to extract more value from their intellectual assets. We build a model that helps understand how licensing activity should be organized within large corporations. More specifically, we compare decentralization—where the business unit using the technology makes licensing decisions—to centralized licensing. The business unit has superior information about licensing opportunities but may not have the appropriate incentives because its rewards depend on product market performance. If licensing is decentralized, the business unit forgoes valuable licensing opportunities because the rewards for licensing are (optimally) weaker than those for product market profits. This distortion is stronger when production-based incentives, especially private benefits, of business unit managers are more powerful, making centralization more attractive. Surprisingly, we find that interdependency across business units may result in more, not less, decentralization. Furthermore, even though centralization results in less information, centralized licensing deals are larger. Our model conforms to the existing evidence that reports heterogeneity across firms in both licensing propensity and organization of licensing. This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
Do Analysts Sacrifice Forecast Accuracy for Informativeness?
Authors: Louis Henock , Sun Amy X. , Urcan Oktay 
Published: January 2013

Analysts deviate from management guidance to correct for perceived earnings management. Although the deviations reduce forecast accuracy, they improve forecast informativeness, bringing the forecasts closer to the unmanaged earnings and reducing accruals mispricing. An implicit assumption in the literature is that more accurate analyst forecasts (i.e., estimates that are closer to the reported earnings) are better for investors, and that analysts' objective is to forecast the reported (managed) earnings accurately. Our analysis suggests that this is not necessarily the case and that an inaccurate forecast can actually be more informative than an accurate one. Prior studies on analysts' deviations from management guidance focus on analysts' incentives to issue estimates that managers can beat. These studies implicitly assume that analysts side with management against the interests of their clients. Our analysis indicates that analysts could also deviate from management guidance to provide useful valuation information to their clients. This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
Direct Characterization of Motion-Dependent Parameters of Sperm in a Microfluidic Device: Proof of Principle
Authors: Chen Yu-An , Chen Ken-Chao , Tsai Vincent FS , Huang Zi-Wei , Hsieh Ju-Ton , Wo Andrew M 
Published: January 2013

BACKGROUNDSemen analysis is essential for evaluating male infertility. Besides sperm concentration, other properties, such as motility and morphology, are critical indicators in assessing sperm quality. Nevertheless, rapid and complete assessment of these measures still presents considerable difficulty and involves a range of complex issues. Here we present a microfluidic device capable of quantifying a range of properties of human sperm via the resistive pulse technique (RPT).METHODSAn aperture, designed as a long channel, was used to allow the quantification of various properties as sperm swam through.RESULTSThe time trace of the voltage drop across the aperture during sperm passage contained a wealth of information: the sperm volume was presented by the amplitude of the induced pulse, the swim velocity was evaluated via the duration, and the beat frequency was calculated from the voltage undulation superposed on the pulse signal. The RPT measurement of swim velocity and beat frequency showed a correlation with the same observation in a microscope (R2 = 0.94 and 0.70, respectively).CONCLUSIONSThe proposed proof of principle enables substantial quantification of the motion-dependent properties of sperm. Because this approach requires only a current/voltage source and data analysis, it is economically advantageous compared with optical methods for characterizing sperm motion. Furthermore, this approach may be used to characterize sperm morphology.
Adherence to Wearing Prescription Custom-Made Footwear in Patients With Diabetes at High Risk for Plantar Foot Ulceration
Authors: Waaijman Roelof , Keukenkamp Renske , de Haart Mirjam , Polomski Wojtek P. , Nollet Frans , Bus Sicco A. 
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE
Prescription custom-made footwear can only be effective in preventing diabetic foot ulcers if worn by the patient. Particularly, the high prevalence of recurrent foot ulcers focuses the attention on adherence, for which objective data are nonexisting. We objectively assessed adherence in patients with high risk of ulcer recurrence and evaluated what determines adherence.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In 107 patients with diabetes, neuropathy, a recently healed plantar foot ulcer, and custom-made footwear, footwear use was measured during 7 consecutive days using a shoe-worn, temperature-based monitor. Daily step count was measured simultaneously using an ankle-worn activity monitor. Patients logged time away from home. Adherence was calculated as the percentage of steps that prescription footwear was worn. Determinants of adherence were evaluated in multivariate linear regression analysis.

RESULTS
Mean ± SD adherence was 71 ± 25%. Adherence at home was 61 ± 32%, over 3,959 ± 2,594 steps, and away from home 87 ± 26%, over 2,604 ± 2,507 steps. In 35 patients with low adherence (&lt;60%), adherence at home was 28 ± 24%. Lower BMI, more severe foot deformity, and more appealing footwear were significantly associated with higher adherence.

CONCLUSIONS
The results show that adherence to wearing custom-made footwear is insufficient, particularly at home where patients exhibit their largest walking activity. This low adherence is a major threat for reulceration. These objective findings provide directions for improvement in adherence, which could include prescribing specific off-loading footwear for indoors, and they set a reference for future comparative research on footwear adherence in diabetes.
Dry-snow metamorphism expressed by crystal shape
Authors: Sokratov Sergey , Kazakov Nikolai 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDry-snow metamorphism was the focus of extensive investigations in Russia over several decades. Large amounts of data were collected and used to construct a conceptual model based on crystallographic laws. The difference in terminology compared with the conventional model made these results less accessible to the wider international snow science community. This paper attempts to explain this terminology and its background so that the reported findings are not overlooked in ongoing investigations of the driving forces and consequences of snow metamorphism.
Patients with Very Early-onset Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Exhibit More Inflammatory Features and a Worse Outcome
Authors: RUSSO RICARDO A.G. , KATSICAS MARÍA M. 
Published: January 2013

Objective.Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) frequently leads to disability and damage. Predictive factors for a poor outcome include persistent systemic features and younger age at onset. We describe and analyze disease features in patients with early-onset (EO) SJIA (disease onset before age 18 mo) and compare them to patients with later-onset (LO) disease.Methods.Clinical features at onset, activity measures (occurrence of macrophage activation syndrome, remission), and outcome measures for disability [Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) ≥ 0.5] and damage [radiographic joint destruction, Juvenile Arthritis Damage Index (JADI) score, growth retardation] observed during followup were analyzed retrospectively in patients with SJIA followed for ≥ 3 years since disease onset.Results.In total 132 patients were included. SJIA started at age ≤ 18 months in 19 (14%) patients and at a later age in 113 (86%) children. At onset, serositis (p < 0.01) and hepatomegaly (p < 0.05) were more frequent in EO patients, who also exhibited lower hemoglobin levels (p < 0.03) and higher platelet counts (p < 0.03) than patients with LO. Macrophage activation syndrome occurred in 20 patients (11 EO and 9 LO; p < 0.0001). Remission was achieved by 49 patients (37%; 4 EO and 45 LO). At last visit, destructive hip disease (p < 0.04), growth retardation (p < 0.01), radiographic damage (p < 0.02), and disability (p < 0.04) were more frequent in patients with EO disease, who had higher JADI scores (p < 0.003).Conclusion.Patients with EO exhibited a more aggressive and destructive disease course than patients with LO SJIA.
Factors Influencing Concordance Between Clinical and Ultrasound Findings in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Le BOEDEC MARION , JOUSSE-JOULIN SANDRINE , FERLET JEAN-FRANÇOIS , MARHADOUR THIERRY , CHALES GÉRARD , GRANGE LAURENT , HACQUARD-BOUDER CÉCILE , LOEUILLE DAMIEN , SELLAM JÉRÉMIE , ALBERT JEAN-DAVID , BENTIN JACQUES , CHARY-VALCKENAERE ISABELLE , D’AGOSTINO MARIA-ANTONIETTA , ETCHEPARE FABIEN , GAUDIN PHILIPPE , HUDRY CHRISTOPHE , DOUGADOS MAXIME , SARAUX ALAIN 
Published: January 2013

Objective.Clinical joint examination (CJE) is less time-consuming than ultrasound (US) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Low concordance between CJE and US would indicate that the 2 tests provide different types of information. Knowledge of factors associated with CJE/US concordance would help to select patients and joints for US. Our objective was to identify factors associated with CJE/US concordance.Methods.Seventy-six patients with RA requiring tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antagonist therapy were included in a prospective, multicenter cohort. In each patient, 38 joints were evaluated. Synovitis was scored using CJE, B-mode US (B-US), and power Doppler US (PDUS). Joints whose kappa coefficient (κ) for agreement CJE/US was < 0.1 were considered discordant. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with CJE/US concordance, defined as factors yielding p < 0.05 and OR > 2.Results.Concordance before TNF-α antagonist therapy varied across joints for CJE/US (κ = −0.08 to 0.51) and B-US/PDUS (κ = 0.30 to 0.67). CJE/US concordance was low at the metatarsophalangeal joints and shoulders (κ < 0.1). Before TNF-α antagonist therapy, a low 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) was associated with good CJE/B-US concordance, and no factors were associated with CJE/PDUS concordance. After TNF-α antagonist therapy, only the joint site was associated with CJE/B-US concordance; joint site and short disease duration were associated with CJE/PDUS concordance.Conclusion.Concordance between CJE and US is poor overall. US adds information to CJE, most notably at the metatarsophalangeal joints and shoulders. Usefulness is decreased for B-US when DAS28 is low and for PDUS when disease duration is short.
Three-dimensional Volumetric Ultrasound: A Valid Method for Blinded Assessment of Response to Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: NAREDO ESPERANZA , ACEBES CARLOS , BRITO ELIA , de AGUSTÍN JUAN JOSÉ , de MIGUEL EUGENIO , MAYORDOMO LUCÍA , MÖLLER INGRID , MORAGUES CARMEN , REJÓN EDUARDO , RODRIGUEZ ANA , USON JACQUELINE , GARRIDO JESÚS , MARTÍNEZ-HERNÁNDEZ DAVID ,   the Ultrasound School of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology
Published: January 2013

Objective.To assess the responsiveness and repeatability of volumetric power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) evaluation of synovitis and bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods.Twenty-three patients with RA (19 women, mean age 52.7 ± 12.6 yrs, mean disease duration 10.1 ± 8.6 yrs) were prospectively enrolled. All patients were beginning therapy with rituximab because of disease activity despite therapy with synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and tumor necrosis factor-blocking agents. Patients underwent clinical, laboratory, and volumetric PDUS examination at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Ten centers participated in the study. Four centers recruited the patients and performed the volumetric acquisitions of PDUS images, while the remaining 6 centers assessed the PDUS volumes, blinded to the identity of patients and date of the visits. The most symptomatic hand and foot were scored for B-mode synovitis, synovial PD signal, and bone erosions. The repeatability of the volumetric PDUS assessment was investigated.Results.An overall improvement in clinical and PDUS measurements was found at the followup assessments. The mean indexes for synovial PD signal and bone erosions and the number of sites with abnormalities decreased significantly throughout the followup (p < 0.05). The intraacquisition, intrareader reliability was excellent for all PDUS measurements (intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.9).Conclusion.The results of our pilot study suggest that volumetric PDUS can be responsive and repeatable in multicenter cohort studies of RA. This technique may minimize assessment biases and reduce acquisition variability in open-label and observational studies.
La lecture des récits de fiction à l'école maternelle, histoire d'un genre professionnel
Authors: Bishop Marie-France 
Published: January 2013

L’article s’attache à décrire, dans un parcours historique, les transformations d’une pratique professionnelle particulière : la lecture des récits de fictions à l’école maternelle. Cinq périodes sont considérées, qui correspondent à des étapes institutionnelles importantes. C’est à travers la lecture des textes officiels, que les différentes finalités assignées à la lecture des récits est appréhendée. L’hypothèse est qu’il s’agit d’un genre professionnel qui s’est élaboré au fil du temps, avec des modifications, mais également des éléments stables lesquels se retrouvent dans la mémoire professionnelle. Ce genre est dépendant des modèles pédagogiques dominants aux différentes périodes. La connaissance de cette pratique est un outil de réflexion didactique, mais aussi une base indispensable pour la formation des enseignants.