bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Homomorphic ZW chromosomes 1 in a wild strawberry show distinctive recombination heterogeneity but a small sex-determining region
Authors: Tennessen Jacob A , Govindarajulu Rajanikanth , Liston Aaron , Ashman Tia-Lynn 
Published: October 2015

SummaryRecombination in ancient, heteromorphic sex chromosomes is typically suppressed at the sex-determining region (SDR) and proportionally elevated in the pseudoautosomal region (PAR). However, little is known about recombination dynamics of young, homomorphic plant sex chromosomes.We examine male and female function in crosses and unrelated samples of the dioecious octoploid strawberryFragaria chiloensisin order to map the small and recently evolved SDR controlling both traits and to examine recombination patterns on the incipient ZW chromosome.The SDR of this ZW system is located within a 280kb window, in which the maternal recombination rate is lower than the paternal. In contrast to the SDR, the maternal PAR recombination rate is much higher than the rates of the paternal PAR or autosomes, culminating in an elevated chromosome-wide rate. W-specific divergence is elevated within the SDR and a single polymorphism is observed in high species-wide linkage disequilibrium with sex.Selection for recombination suppression within the small SDR may be weak, but fluctuating sex ratios could favor elevated recombination in the PAR to remove deleterious mutations on the W. The recombination dynamics of this nascent sex chromosome with a modestly diverged SDR may be typical of other dioecious plants.
Exploring the antecedents of firm performance in a Latin-American and European diverse industrial context
Authors: Díaz-Fernández M. Carmen , González-Rodríguez M. Rosario , Paddison Brendan 
Published: October 2015

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the top management team (TMT) intangible assets (demographical and managerial experience) diversity which influences firm performance in a diverse industrial context.Design/methodology/approachThe paper analyses 159 whole TMTs from Latin American and European enterprises. The study focuses on three indicators (sales, return on assets and return on sales) as proxies of firm performance. The hypotheses formulated were tested using panel data and applying a random-effects model.FindingsThe paper reveals a large degree of volatility in the findings depending on the type of firm performance indicator. This provides insights regarding the controversy surrounding the black box Upper Echelon Theory and for entrepreneurial purposes concerning the relationship between TMT composition and the achievement of a high level performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis study could be extended by analysing other important variables, such as top mangers’ physiological traits and cultural differences within the TMTs. The analysis could also be applied to a wider geographical area.Practical implicationsThis paper may help enterprises to reach a better understanding of their TMT’s internal complex diversity by providing appropriate insights for a better decision-making process required to achieve an accurate firm outcome.Originality/valueThe paper is an extension on prior studies not only by focusing on a different geographical area different from the traditional USA context but also applying a longitudinal study scarcely applied in the demographic literature. In addition, attributes for all the TMT’s members (not only CEOs), three different proxies of performance and a highly diverse industry context from Latin American and European companies have been considered.
Explaining job satisfaction and intentions to quit from a value-risk perspective
Authors: Valle Mauricio A. , Ruz Gonzalo A. , Varas Samuel 
Published: October 2015

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of risk aversion (RA) on expected income and job satisfaction (JS) with pay in the case of sales agents under a compensation system based on pay-for-performance.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 125 sales agents of an outbound call center via questionnaires and controlled experiments. Seemingly unrelated equations using maximum likelihood estimation was employed to estimate the proposed model and test relationships.FindingsFindings show that income expectations (IE) respond to a model of trade-off between value and risk. The sales agents trade off their expected value of performance (i.e. expected income) with RA. Additionally, IE and actual performance of the salesperson have influence on JS with pay with opposite signs.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of this research may need to be modified to consider jobs with compensation systems with a higher proportion of fixed component of the wage than the variable component. Also, a broader concept of JS and not just related to the pay, should be considered.Practical implicationsGiven the importance of RA in the attitudes of employees in relation to their expectations, the authors believe that it should be necessary and useful to incorporate measures of RA in the process of selection and recruitment for these jobs.Originality/valueThis paper assessed an important element as the RA at the micro level inside of an organization. This element could be very important for job environments with high uncertainty in income that could influence JS via employee expectations.
Adoption of IFRS in an emerging market: the Chilean case
Authors: Espinosa Christian , Maquieira Carlos , Diaz Fernando , Abarca Allyson 
Published: October 2015

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact triggered by adopting International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in South America. In order to do this, the case of Chile is considered, as it was the first country in the region to adopt IFRS in full form from 2009.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyze a sample of 43 Chilean companies. The analysis has two stages. First, the authors analyze if the adoption of IFRS in Chile produced a statistically significant change in the main financial indicators. Then, the authors analyze the market reaction to the announcement of the adoption and implementation of IFRS, by doing an event study.FindingsThe authors found that adopting IFRS in Chile produced a statistically significant change in the main financial indicators, except for in leverage and Price-Earnings Ratios. As for the main accounts of the financial statements, the authors found significant differences, with the exception of inventories and current assets. However, after assessing the market reaction to the announcement of the adoption and implementation of IFRS, by studying the events, the authors report neither reward nor punishment by the market.Originality/valueThis paper pioneers the analysis of the impact triggered by adopting IFRS in South America. The authors results apply not only to Chile but also to a number of South American countries since many of these countries share similar characteristics with Chile.
Modern slavery and the supply chain: the limits of corporate social responsibility?
Authors: New Stephen John 
Published: October 2015

Purpose– This conceptual paper aims to examine modern slavery in the supply chain, showing how the issue challenges conventional thinking and practice in corporate social responsibility (CSR).Design/methodology/approach– The paper considers the differences between modern slavery and other concerns within CSR. It examines legal attempts to encourage supply chain transparency and the use of corporate CSR methods. An example of forced labour in UK agriculture is used to develop a critique of these approaches. The paper examines the challenges facing research in this important area.Findings– The paper shows that the distinctive characteristics of modern slavery may make conventional supply chain CSR practices relatively ineffective. A holistic perspective may be needed in future research.Research limitations/implications– Researchers need to focus less on the espoused policies of corporations, and more on the enacted practice.Social implications– Modern slavery is universally accepted as a shameful blight on society; firms’ supply chain practices may be part of the problem.Originality/value– The paper’s contribution is to point to the potential differences between modern slavery and other CSR-related issues and to highlight the paradox that firms’ approaches to the issue may run in parallel with actions that foster the problem in the first place.
A commentary on agility in humanitarian aid supply chains
Authors: Oloruntoba Richard , Kovács Gyöngyi 
Published: October 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to provide a commentary and an overview of developments in the field of humanitarianism that could impact theoretical understanding of agility in humanitarian aid supply chains over the past decade.

Design/methodology/approach
– Authors review papers published on agility in humanitarian aid supply chains from 2006 to 2015 in the four leading Emerald-published logistics and supply chain management journals. These are: Supply Chain Management: An International Journal (SCMIJ); International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management (IJPDLM); International Journal of Operations and Production Management (IJOPM); and Journal of Humanitarian Logistics and Supply Chain Management (JHLSCM). This paper presents an overview and update of developments that have the potential to influence current thinking and understanding about agility in humanitarian aid supply chains, and humanitarian aid supply chains in general.

Findings
– Humanitarianism and the environment of Humanitarian organisations are evolving. Such evolution has potential impacts on theoretical discussions and understanding of agility in humanitarian aid supply chains and humanitarian aid supply chains in general.

Research limitations/implications
– This is not a critical literature review but an overview. The paper is based on four logistics and supply chain management journals only. However, the paper is based on the work published over a decade.

Practical implications
– Points scholars and practitioners to the impacts of Humanitarian Organisations using the relief-development continuum on supply chain design decisions including the pursuit of agility.

Social implications
– It may be the time to consider the relief-development continuum in fresh light and its implications for agility in humanitarian aid supply chains.

Originality/value
– This paper seems to be the first paper that highlights the influence of the relief-development continuum model on humanitarian aid supply chain design strategies.
Migration and Land Rental as Responses to Income Shocks in Rural China
Authors: Ward Patrick S. , Shively Gerald E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUsing longitudinal household survey data from rural China and an identification strategy based on observed rainfall realizations, we are able to test household responses to idiosyncratic and covariate income shocks. We find that negative idiosyncratic income shocks increase migration and elicit household out rental of land. The effect of covariate income shocks is generally dependent on both the timing and the nature of the shock. Our results suggest that rainfall deficiencies during paddy maturing or harvesting seasons reduce the number of migrants by raising the marginal value product of farm labour, thereby increasing the opportunity costs associated with migration.
Private Tutoring, Wealth Constraint and Higher Education
Authors: Chu Hsiao‐Lei 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe show that when the effectiveness of private tutoring (PT) exceeds a PT‐effectiveness threshold, poor families become disadvantaged in sending their children to college and, thus, inequity arises. At the same time, the average spending on PT of the poor families is smaller than that of the wealthy families. Tax and transfer policies are able to amend the inequity, but student loans for college tuition and more establishments of colleges may have limited effects on reducing inequity.
Internal Audit Quality and Financial Reporting Quality: The Joint Importance of Independence and Competence
Authors: ABBOTT LAWRENCE J. , DAUGHERTY BRIAN , PARKER SUSAN , PETERS GARY F. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn light of the growing importance of internal audit functions (IAF) and the limited archival evidence on internal audit quality, we examine an interactive model of IAF quality (comprised of competence and independence) to better understand the determinants of IAF effectiveness as a financial reporting monitor. Our tests support the hypothesis that the joint presence of competence and independence is a necessary antecedent to effective IAF financial reporting monitoring. In sum, our results show that, the answer to “what is the effect of internal audit competence (independence) on financial reporting quality?” is “it depends on the independence (competence) of the internal auditor.” Our study extends the understanding of IAF quality determinants in the realm of financial reporting as it relates to ongoing discussions by researchers, standard setters, regulators, and practitioners.
Cyclic and constant hyperoxia cause inflammation, apoptosis and cell death in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Wu J. , Hafner C. , Schramel J. P. , Kaun C. , Krychtiuk K. A. , Wojta J. , Boehme S. , Ullrich R. , Tretter E. V. , Markstaller K. , Klein K. U. 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundPerioperative high‐dose oxygen (O2) exposure can cause hyperoxia. While the effect of constant hyperoxia on the vascular endothelium has been investigated to some extent, the impact of cyclic hyperoxia largely remains unknown. We hypothesized that cyclic hyperoxia would induce more injury than constant hyperoxia to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).MethodsHUVECs were exposed to cyclic hyperoxia (5–95% O2) or constant hyperoxia (95% O2), normoxia (21% O2), and hypoxia (5% O2). Cell growth, viability (Annexin V/propidium iodide and 3‐(4,5‐dimethythiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), release, cytokine (interleukin, IL and macrophage migration inhibitory factor, MIF) release, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) of cell lysate were assessed at baseline and 8, 24, and 72 h. A signal transduction pathway finder array for gene expression analysis was performed after 8 h.ResultsConstant and cyclic hyperoxia‐induced gradually detrimental effects on HUVECs. After 72 h, constant or cyclic hyperoxia exposure induced change in cytotoxic (LDH +12%, P = 0.026; apoptosis +121/61%, P < 0.01; alive cells −15%, P < 0.01; MTT −16/15%, P < 0.01), inflammatory (IL‐6 +142/190%, P < 0.01; IL‐8 +72/43%, P < 0.01; MIF +147/93%, P < 0.01), or redox‐sensitive (SOD +278%, TAC‐25% P < 0.01) markers. Gene expression analysis revealed that constant and cyclic hyperoxia exposure differently activates oxidative stress, nuclear factor kappa B, Notch, and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor pathways.ConclusionsExtreme hyperoxia exposure induces inflammation, apoptosis and cell death in HUVECs. Although our findings cannot be transferred to clinical settings, results suggest that hyperoxia exposure may cause vascular injury that could play a role in determining perioperative outcome.
The roles of book‐tax conformity and tax enforcement in regulating tax reporting behaviour following International Financial Reporting Standards adoption
Authors: Chen Ester , Gavious Ilanit 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis study investigates whether increasing the level of tax enforcement can potentially offset the primary cost of a reduction in the level of book‐tax conformity (BTC) following International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) adoption – increased tax avoidance. We find that after the decrease in BTC and the concomitant increase in tax enforcement that followed IFRS adoption in Israel, tax avoidance declined significantly. Our results imply that one of the primary costs of reducing BTC can be avoided. Moreover, the results suggest that rather than one strict regulatory approach to deal with reporting manipulations, a combination of trust and control is more effective and less radical.
Heart rate and suicide: findings from two cohorts of 533 000 Taiwanese and 75 000 Norwegian adults
Authors: Chang S.‐S. , Bjørngaard J. H. , Tsai M. K. , Bjerkeset O. , Wen C. P. , Yip P. S. F. , Tsao C. K. , Gunnell D. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of resting heart rate with suicide in two large cohorts.MethodThe MJ cohort (Taiwan) included 532 932 adults from a health check‐up programme (1994–2008). The HUNT cohort (Norway) included 74 977 adults in the Nord‐Trøndelag County study (1984–1986), followed up to 2004. In both cohorts heart rate was measured at baseline, and suicide was ascertained through linkage to cause‐of‐death registers. Risk of suicide was estimated using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsThere were 569 and 188 suicides (average follow‐up period of 8.1 and 16.9 years) in the MJ and HUNT cohorts respectively. Sex‐ and age‐adjusted hazard ratio for every 10 beat increase in heart rate per minute was 1.08 (95% Confidence Interval 1.00–1.16) and 1.24 (1.12–1.38) in the MJ and HUNT cohorts, respectively. In the MJ cohort this association was confined to individuals with a history of heart diseases vs. those without such a history (P for interaction = 0.008). In the HUNT cohort the association did not differ by history of heart diseases and was robust to adjustment for health‐related life style, medication use, and symptoms of anxiety and depression.ConclusionElevated resting heart rate may be a marker of increased suicide risk.
Molecular phylogenetics of Australian weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea): exploring relationships in a hyperdiverse lineage through comparison of independent analyses
Authors: Gunter Nicole L , Oberprieler Rolf G , Cameron Stephen L 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWith over 60 000 described species in approximately 5800 genera, weevils (Curculionoidea) represent one of the most diverse and species‐rich superfamilies of eukaryotes on the planet. Recent attempts to resolve the phylogeny of family‐group taxa in weevils using morphological, molecular or combined data sets have produced vastly different patterns of relationships, particularly within the largest family, Curculionidae. Here we present an estimation of the phylogeny of Australian weevils and of the divergence dates of the major lineages based on a multi‐gene data set (28S, 16S and COI) spanning ∼3.5 kbp of DNA sequence. We assess its topological similarities to, and differences from, other recently published phylogenetic trees, particularly in relation to taxon sampling and relative diversity of the lineages, and we discuss the implications for weevil systematics. Our results, derived from a different set of taxa that has different combination of loci and different fossil calibration points, recover a number of relationships and age estimates that are congruent with those obtained by other recent weevil phylogeny estimates, indicating that we are beginning to recognise the major monophyletic lineages and reconstruct the major diversification events within Curculionoidea. Resolution of natural groups within families (e.g. subfamilies and tribes) however remains poor, even for studies with the largest volume of sequence data (whole mitochondrial genome analyses), evidently largely due to deficient taxon sampling. Although taxon sampling is known to be one of the most critical determinants of accurate phylogenetic reconstruction, it is rarely addressed in phylogenetic assessments. Our case study of weevils highlights not only its importance, but also the fact that it is very difficult to achieve comprehensive representative sampling in hyperdiverse lineages because of their sheer taxic diversity. Doubts concerning the monophyly of many subordinate lineages exacerbate this problem, restricting the use of exemplar approaches to taxon sampling. The value of comparing different data sets and analyses for assessing systematic relationships is often overlooked, even despite the presence of many conflicting results in previous phylogenetic hypotheses. A summary of relationships recovered relative to taxon sampling and methodological differences between different phylogenetic reconstructions provides an important stepping‐stone in understanding the diversification of weevils.
Metabolic and functional changes in retinitis pigmentosa: comparing retinal vessel oximetry to full‐field electroretinography, electrooculogram and multifocal electroretinography
Authors: Todorova Margarita G. , Türksever Cengiz , Schötzau Andreas , Schorderet Daniel F. , Valmaggia Christophe 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPurposeTo determine a relationship between the retinal vessel saturation alterations and the residual retinal function measured by means of full‐field electroretinography (full‐field ERG), electrooculogram (EOG) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).MethodsRetinal vessel oximetry (RO), full‐field ERG, EOG and mfERG were performed on 43 eyes of 22 patients suffering from RP and were compared to those of 26 eyes of 13 healthy controls. The oxygen saturation in the first and second branch retinal arterioles (A‐SO2) and venules (V‐SO2) was measured, and their difference (A‐V SO2) was calculated. Full‐field ERG amplitudes, EOG parameters and averaged mfERG response amplitudes (within central 3°, between 3° and 8°, 8° and 15°, 15° and 24°) were evaluated in relation to the RO measurements.ResultsV‐SO2 correlated negatively with the full‐field ERG and EOG values, with increasing functional damage the V‐SO2 was higher. The RP group was well distinguished from the controls when the RO measurements were correlated to the averaged N1 (baseline to trough), but also to the N1P1 (trough‐to‐peak) mfERG response amplitudes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of V‐SO2, compared to those of N1 and N1P1 mfERG response averages (15–24°), presented a high differential margin between RP and controls (p < 0.001), shown by an area under the ROC curve of 0.912 (95% CI: 0.840–0.984).ConclusionRetinal vessel saturation showed a significant relation to full‐field ERG, EOG and mfERG. Thus, retinal vessel oximetry could potentially complement electrophysiological tests in monitoring disease progression in patients with RP.
The bitter truth about bitter taste receptors: beyond sensing bitter in the oral cavity
Authors: Avau B. , Depoortere I. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe bitter taste receptor (TAS2R)‐family of G‐protein‐coupled receptors has been identified on the tongue as detectors of bitter taste over a decade ago. In the last few years, they have been discovered in an ever growing number of extra‐oral tissues, including the airways, the gut, the brain and even the testis. In tissues that contact the exterior, protective functions for TAS2Rs have been proposed, in analogy to their function on the tongue as toxicity detector. However, TAS2Rs have also been found in internal organs, suggesting other roles for these receptors, perhaps involving as yet unidentified endogenous ligands. The current review gives an overview of the different proposed functions for TAS2Rs in tissues other than the oral cavity; from appetite regulation to the treatment of asthma, regulation of gastrointestinal motility and control of airway innate immunity.