bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of Repeat Testing of Critical Values: A Q-Probes Analysis of 86 Clinical Laboratories
Authors: Lehman Christopher M. , Howanitz Peter J. , Souers Rhona , Karcher Donald S. 
Published: May 2014

Context.— A common laboratory practice is to repeat critical values before reporting the test results to the clinical care provider. This may be an unnecessary step that delays the reporting of critical test results without adding value to the accuracy of the test result.Objectives.— To determine the proportions of repeated chemistry and hematology critical values that differ significantly from the original value as defined by the participating laboratory, to determine the threshold differences defined by the laboratory as clinically significant, and to determine the additional time required to analyze the repeat test.Design.— Participants prospectively reviewed critical test results for 4 laboratory tests: glucose, potassium, white blood cell count, and platelet count. Participants reported the following information: initial and repeated test result; time initial and repeat results were first known to laboratory staff; critical result notification time; if the repeat result was still a critical result; if the repeat result was significantly different from the initial result, as judged by the laboratory professional or policy; significant difference threshold, as defined by the laboratory; the make and model of the instrument used for primary and repeat testing.Results.— Routine, repeat analysis of critical values is a common practice. Most laboratories did not formally define a significant difference between repeat results. Repeated results were rarely considered significantly different. Median repeated times were at least 17 to 21 minutes for 10% of laboratories. Twenty percent of laboratories reported at least 1 incident in the last calendar year of delayed result reporting that clinicians indicated had adversely affected patient care.Conclusion.— Routine repeat analysis of automated chemistry and hematology critical values is unlikely to be clinically useful and may adversely affect patient care.
Le péritexte des traductions anglaises du Discours sur les Sciences et les Arts de Jean-Jacques Rousseau : la voix énarrative du traducteur
Authors: Rooryck Guy , Jooken Lieve 
Published: May 2014

Des échanges et des transferts entre les nations européennes naît au xviiiesiècle la conceptualisation d’un monde nouveau où la traduction joue un rôle médiateur indispensable. Recourant à l’appareil critique genettien, cette étude tente spécifiquement de définir une typologie des fonctions assumées par la voix du traducteur qui laisse une trace explicite ou implicite dans le discours traduit. Cette voix assume, dans l’appropriation du texte original, une fonction herméneutique définie ici comme « énarrative ». Le cas étudié est celui duDiscours sur les Sciences et les Arts(1751), qui a propulsé Rousseau sur l’avant-scène de la République des Lettres et qui a connu pas moins de quatre traductions anglaises du vivant de l’auteur. Séduits par l’éloquence qu’il s’agit d’égaler et par la hardiesse du propos, traducteurs et commentateurs expriment tantôt leur perplexité, tantôt leur fascination. Les traductions de Bowyer (1751), Wynne (1752), d’un auteur anonyme (1760) et de Kenrick (1767) contiennent dans leur appareil péritextuel de précieuses indications sur la réception des idées qu’elles propagent. Les traducteurs font ainsi entendre leur voixénarrativetant dans l’appareil titulaire que dans des préfaces originales en anglais, assumant ainsi les fonctionsméta-discursive,évaluative,argumentativeetextra-diégétiqueque cet article contribue à définir.
A strategy for diagnosing and interpreting hydrological model nonstationarity
Authors: Westra Seth , Thyer Mark , Leonard Michael , Kavetski Dmitri , Lambert Martin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a strategy for diagnosing and interpreting hydrological nonstationarity, aiming to improve hydrological models and their predictive ability under changing hydroclimatic conditions. The strategy consists of four elements: (i) detecting potential systematic errors in the calibration data; (ii) hypothesizing a set of “nonstationary” parameterizations of existing hydrological model structures, where one or more parameters vary in time as functions of selected covariates; (iii) trialing alternative stationary model structures to assess whether parameter nonstationarity can be reduced by modifying the model structure; and (iv) selecting one or more models for prediction. The Scott Creek catchment in South Australia and the lumped hydrological model GR4J are used to illustrate the strategy. Streamflow predictions improve significantly when the GR4J parameter describing the maximum capacity of the production store is allowed to vary in time as a combined function of: (i) an annual sinusoid; (ii) the previous 365 day rainfall and potential evapotranspiration; and (iii) a linear trend. This improvement provides strong evidence of model nonstationarity. Based on a range of hydrologically oriented diagnostics such as flow‐duration curves, the GR4J model structure was modified by introducing an additional calibration parameter that controls recession behavior and by making actual evapotranspiration dependent only on catchment storage. Model comparison using an information‐theoretic measure (the Akaike Information Criterion) and several hydrologically oriented diagnostics shows that the GR4J modifications clearly improve predictive performance in Scott Creek catchment. Based on a comparison of 22 versions of GR4J with different representations of nonstationarity and other modifications, the model selection approach applied in the exploratory period (used for parameter estimation) correctly identifies models that perform well in a much drier independent confirmatory period.
Water consumption in Iron Age, Roman, and Early Medieval Croatia
Authors: Lightfoot E. , Šlaus M. , O'Connell T.C. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTPatterns of water consumption by past human populations are rarely considered, yet drinking behavior is socially mediated and access to water sources is often socially controlled. Oxygen isotope analysis of archeological human remains is commonly used to identify migrants in the archeological record, but it can also be used to consider water itself, as this technique documents water consumption rather than migration directly. Here, we report an oxygen isotope study of humans and animals from coastal regions of Croatia in the Iron Age, Roman, and Early Medieval periods. The results show that while faunal values have little diachronic variation, the human data vary through time, and there are wide ranges of values within each period. Our interpretation is that this is not solely a result of mobility, but that human behavior can and did lead to human oxygen isotope ratios that are different from that expected from consumption of local precipitation. Am J Phys Anthropol 154:535–543, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Base‐Controlled Selectivity in the Synthesis of Linear and Angular Fused Quinazolinones by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation/Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Sequence
Authors: Chen Jianbin , Natte Kishore , Spannenberg Anke , Neumann Helfried , Langer Peter , Beller Matthias , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA new approach for the facile synthesis of fused quinazolinone scaffolds through a palladium‐catalyzed carbonylative coupling followed by an intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution is described. The base serves as the key modulator: Whereas DBU gives rise to the linear isomers, Et3N promotes the preferential formation of angular products. Interestingly, a light‐induced 4+4 reaction of the product was also observed.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Amination of Thioethers with N‐Mesyloxycarbamates: DMAP and Bis(DMAP)CH2Cl2 as Key Additives
Authors: Lebel Hélène , Piras Henri , Bartholoméüs Johan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA stereoselective Rh‐catalyzed intermolecular amination of thioethers using a readily available chiral N‐mesyloxycarbamate to produce sulfilimines in excellent yields and diastereomeric ratio is described. A catalytic mixture of 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) and bis(DMAP)CH2Cl2 proved pivotal in achieving high selectivity. The X‐ray crystal structure of the (DMAP)2⋅[Rh2{(S)‐nttl}4] complex was obtained and mechanistic studies suggested a RhII‐RhIII complex as the catalytically active species.
Heterogeneous Solution NMR Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange
Authors: Shi Fan , Coffey Aaron M. , Waddell Kevin W. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Goodson Boyd M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA novel variant of an iridium‐based organometallic catalyst was synthesized and used to enhance the NMR signals of pyridine in a heterogeneous phase by immobilization on polymer microbead solid supports. Upon administration of parahydrogen (pH2) gas to a methanol mixture containing the HET‐SABRE catalyst particles and the pyridine, up to fivefold enhancements were observed in the 1H NMR spectra after sample transfer to high field (9.4 T). Importantly, enhancements were not due to any residual catalyst molecules in solution, thus supporting the true heterogeneity of the SABRE process. Further significant improvements may be expected by systematic optimization of experimental parameters. Moreover, the heterogeneous catalyst is easy to separate and recycle, thus opening a door to future potential applications varying from spectroscopic studies of catalysis, to imaging metabolites in the body without concern of contamination from expensive and potentially toxic metal catalysts or accompanying organic molecules.
Monolithically Integrated Spinel MxCo3−xO4 (M=Co, Ni, Zn) Nanoarray Catalysts: Scalable Synthesis and Cation Manipulation for Tunable Low‐Temperature CH4 and CO Oxidation
Authors: Ren Zheng , Botu Venkatesh , Wang Sibo , Meng Yongtao , Song Wenqiao , Guo Yanbing , Ramprasad Ramamurthy , Suib Steven L. , Gao Pu‐Xian 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA series of large scale MxCo3−xO4 (M=Co, Ni, Zn) nanoarray catalysts have been cost‐effectively integrated onto large commercial cordierite monolithic substrates to greatly enhance the catalyst utilization efficiency. The monolithically integrated spinel nanoarrays exhibit tunable catalytic performance (as revealed by spectroscopy characterization and parallel first‐principles calculations) toward low‐temperature CO and CH4 oxidation by selective cation occupancy and concentration, which lead to controlled adsorption–desorption behavior and surface defect population. This provides a feasible approach for scalable fabrication and rational manipulation of metal oxide nanoarray catalysts applicable at low temperatures for various catalytic reactions.
Activation of Carboxylic Acids in Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Monaco Mattia Riccardo , Poladura Belén , Diaz de Los Bernardos Miriam , Leutzsch Markus , Goddard Richard , List Benjamin 
Published: May 2014

AbstractOrganocatalysis, catalysis using small organic molecules, has recently evolved into a general approach for asymmetric synthesis, complementing both metal catalysis and biocatalysis.1 Its success relies to a large extent upon the introduction of novel and generic activation modes.2 Remarkably though, while carboxylic acids have been used as catalyst directing groups in supramolecular transition‐metal catalysis,3 a general and well‐defined activation mode for this useful and abundant substance class is still lacking. Herein we propose the heterodimeric association of carboxylic acids with chiral phosphoric acid catalysts as a new activation principle for organocatalysis. This self‐assembly increases both the acidity of the phosphoric acid catalyst and the reactivity of the carboxylic acid. To illustrate this principle, we apply our concept in a general and highly enantioselective catalytic aziridine‐opening reaction with carboxylic acids as nucleophiles.
Induced‐Fit Mechanism in Class I Terpene Cyclases
Authors: Baer Philipp , Rabe Patrick , Fischer Katrin , Citron Christian A. , Klapschinski Tim A. , Groll Michael , Dickschat Jeroen S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe present crystallographic and functional data of selina‐4(15),7(11)‐diene synthase (SdS) from Streptomyces pristinaespiralis in its open and closed (ligand‐bound) conformation. We could identify an induced‐fit mechanism by elucidating a rearrangement of the G1/2 helix‐break motif upon substrate binding. This rearrangement highlights a novel effector triad comprising the pyrophosphate sensor Arg178, the linker Asp181, and the effector Gly182‐O. This structural motif is strictly conserved in class I terpene cyclases from bacteria, fungi, and plants, including epi‐isozizaene synthase (3KB9), aristolochene synthase (4KUX), bornyl diphosphate synthase (1N20), limonene synthase (2ONG), 5‐epi‐aristolochene synthase (5EAT), and taxa‐4(5),11(12)‐diene synthase (3P5R). An elaborate structure‐based mutagenesis in combination with analysis of the distinct product spectra confirmed the mechanistic models of carbocation formation and stabilization in SdS.
A new spectrofluorimetric method for determination of losartan potassium in rabbit plasma and its application to pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Demirkaya‐Miloglu Fatma , Yaman Mehmet Emrah , Kadioglu Yucel 
Published: May 2014

AbstractA new spectrofluorimetric method to determine losartan potassium (LP) in rabbit plasma is described. The method was based on measuring the native fluorescence of LP in acidic medium. Optimum excitation and emission wavelengths were found to be 248 nm and 410 nm, respectively, in methanol that was diluted with a sulfurous acid solution LP was extracted from rabbit plasma by methyl‐tertiary‐butyl‐ether in acidic media and then back extracted with NaOH. The calibration curves were linear between 0.025 and 0.5 µg/mL with a lower limit of detection 0.004 µg/mL. Precision and accuracy values of the method were calculated as lower than 4.97% and ± 5.68, respectively and the recovery of LP from rabbit plasma was higher than 91.1%. In addition, stability studies of LP in rabbit plasma were carried out and demonstrated its good stability at − 20 °C and at room temperature. The developed and validated method was successfully applied for estimating the pharmacokinetic parameters of LP following oral administrations of a single 10 mg LP/kg to rabbits and it could be concluded that the method can be applied to clinical trials. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metabonomic study of biochemical changes in urinary of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after the treatment of sulfonylurea antidiabetic drugs based on ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Huo Taoguang , Xiong Zhili , Lu Xiumei , Cai Shuang 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTA metabonomic study on biochemical changes in the urine of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients after the treatment of sulfonylurea (SU) antidiabetic drugs was performed. An ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) method was used to generate metabolic fingerprints for the metabonomic analysis of urinary samples obtained from 20 T2DM patients without any drug treatment and 20 T2DM patients treated with SU antidiabetic drugs and 20 normal glucose tolerance subjects. The resulting data were subjected to chemometric analysis (principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis) to investigate the effect of SU antidiabetic drugs on urinary metabolite profiles of T2DM patients. Biomarkers such as xanthine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, hippurate, phenylacetylglutamine, carnitine C8:1, carnitine C10:3, uric acid and citrate were found to be responsible for the separation of T2DM and SU‐treated groups, which indicates a potential effect of SU on energy metabolism, Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, gut microflora metabolism and oxidative stress. The study may be helpful to the understanding of the action of mechanism of SU antidiabetic drugs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) on tumor‐associated macrophages is a marker of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer
Authors: Illemann Martin , Laerum Ole Didrik , Hasselby Jane Preuss , Thurison Tine , Høyer‐Hansen Gunilla , Nielsen Hans Jørgen ,   the Danish Study Group on Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer, Christensen Ib Jarle 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPatients were identified from a population‐based prospective study of 4990 individuals with symptoms associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). A total of 244 CRC tissue samples were available for immunohistochemical staining of uPAR, semiquantitatively scored at the invasive front, and in the tumor core on cancer cells, macrophages, and myofibroblasts. In addition, the levels of the intact and cleaved uPAR‐forms in blood from the same patients are evaluated in this study. In a univariate analysis, the number of uPAR‐positive versus uPAR‐negative macrophages (HR = 2.26, [95% CI: 1.39–3.66, P = 0.0009]) and cancer cells (HR=1.49, [95% CI: 1.01–2.20, P = 0.047]) located in the tumor core were significantly associated to overall survival. In a multivariate analysis, uPAR‐positive versus uPAR‐negative macrophages located in the tumor core showed the best separation of patients with positive score associated to poor prognosis (HR = 1.84 [95% CI: 1.12–3.04, P = 0.017]). In a multivariate analysis including clinical covariates and soluble uPAR(I), the latter was significantly associated to overall survival (HR = 2.68 [95% CI: 1.90–3.79, P < 0.0001]) and uPAR‐positive macrophages in the tumor core remained significantly associated to overall survival (HR = 1.81 [95% CI: 1.08–3.01, P = 0.023]). Membrane‐bound uPAR showed additive effects with the circulating uPAR(I) and stage, giving a hazard ratio of 12 between low and high scores. Thus, combining stage, uPAR(I) in blood and uPAR on macrophages in the tumor core increase the prognostic precision more than tenfold, as compared to stage alone.
Distinct effects of Disabled‐2 on transferrin uptake in different cell types and culture conditions
Authors: Chu Hui‐Chun , Tseng Wei‐Lien , Lee Hsing‐Ying , Cheng Ju‐Chien , Chang Shy‐Shin , Yung Benjamin Yat‐Ming , Tseng Ching‐Ping 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIron uptake by the transferrin (Tf)‐transferrin receptor (TfR) complex is critical for erythroid differentiation. The mechanisms of TfR trafficking have been examined, but the adaptor proteins involved in this process are not fully elucidated. We have investigated the role of the adaptor protein, Disabled‐2 (Dab2), in erythroid differentiation and Tf uptake in the cells of hematopoietic lineage. Dab2 was upregulated in a time‐dependent manner during erythroid differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells and human K562 erythroleukemic cells. Attenuating Dab2 expression in K562 cells diminished TfR internalization and increased surface levels of TfR concomitantly with a decrease in Tf uptake and erythroid differentiation. Dab2 regulated Tf uptake of the suspended, but not adherent, cultures of K562 cells. In contrast, Dab2 is not involved in TfR trafficking in the HeLa cells with epithelial origin. These differential effects are Dab2‐specific because attenuating the expression of adaptor protein 2 μ subunit inhibited the uptake of Tf regardless of culture condition. We offer novel insight of Dab2 function in iron uptake and TfR internalization for the suspended culture of hematopoietic lineage cells.
Role of autophagy and mTOR signaling in neural differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Li Yanfei , Wang Cuiqin , Zhang Guangyu , Wang Xiaohan , Duan Ranran , Gao Huili , Peng Tao , Teng Junfang , Jia Yanjie 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAutophagy is involved in cell differentiation. We present evidence that autophagy is activated during β‐mercaptoethanol (β‐ME)‐induced neuronal differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in which mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is important. mTOR activity declined after being transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Using 3‐methyladenine (3‐MA) and rapamycin to regulate the activity of mTOR, it was found that the efficiency of neuronal differentiation was affected.
Maternal caffeine exposure impairs insulin secretion by pancreatic β‐cells and increases the risk of type II diabetes mellitus in offspring
Authors: Sun Tingting , Guo Jinghui , Chen Hui , Zhang Jieting , Zhang Xiaohu , Jiang Xiaohua , Wang Fuqiang , Xu Zhiyang , Huang Xiaoyan , Sha Jiahao , Chan Hsiao Chang 
Published: May 2014

AbstractMaternal caffeine exposure may be one of the causes for intrauterine growth retardation and low birth weight (LBW), and increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the adulthood has been associated with LBW. However, whether maternal caffeine exposure contributes to T2DM development of her offspring has not been fully investigated. We have investigated the influence of maternal caffeine exposure on glucose homeostasis in vivo and effects of long‐term caffeine load on insulin secretion of β‐cells. The intake of caffeine during gestation markedly decreases birth weight and postnatal body weight of the offspring. Serum insulin levels of adult offspring after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were significantly lower in the caffeine group compared to the control, although plasma glucose levels were not significantly altered. Proteome analysis of pancreas of adult offspring identified 24 proteins that were differentially expressed between the caffeine and control groups, including proteins involved in energy metabolism. In a rat pancreatic β‐cell line Rin‐5f cells, caffeine downregulated expression of one of the proteins involved in insulin synthesis, P4hb, and there was reduced transcriptional expression of insulin. While basal insulin secretion of caffeine‐treated cells was elevated, insulin secretion after glucose challenge in long‐term caffeine‐treated cells was significantly reduced, with increased apoptosis of β‐cells. These results indicate that maternal caffeine exposure may result in potentially abnormal glucose homeostasis and increase the risk of T2DM in the offspring adulthood.
Abnormal differentiation of intestinal epithelium and intestinal barrier dysfunction in diabetic mice associated with depressed Notch/NICD transduction in Notch/Hes1 signal pathway
Authors: Min Xiao‐Hui , Yu Tao , Qing Qing , Yuan Yu‐Hong , Zhong Wa , Chen Guang‐Cheng , Zhao Li‐Na , Deng Na , Zhang Li‐Fa , Chen Qi‐Kui 
Published: May 2014

AbstractProliferative change and intestinal barrier dysfunction in intestinal mucosa of diabetes have been described, but the differentiation characteristics of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and the mechanisms in the IECs development remain unclear. To explore the intestinal epithelial constitution patterns and barrier function, the diabetic mouse model was induced by streptozotocin. Tight junctions between IECs were significantly damaged and the serum level of D‐lactate was raised in diabetic mice (P < 0.05). The expression of Zo1 and Ocln in the small intestine of diabetic mice were lower, while the markers for absorptive cell (SI) and Paneth cell (Lyz1) were significantly higher than in control mice (P < 0.05). The expression of Msi1, Notch1, and Dll1 in small intestine gradually increased throughout the course of hyperglycemia in diabetic mice (P < 0.05). However, the expression of NICD, RBP‐jκ, Math1, and Hes1 had a reverse trend compared with Msi1 and Notch1. Intestinal absorptive cells and Paneth cells had a high proliferation rate in diabetic mice. However, the intestinal barrier dysfunction associated with the decreased expressions of Zo1 and Ocln was detected throughout hyperglycemia. In conclusion, downregulation of Notch/Hes1 signal pathway caused by depressed Notch/NICD transduction is associated with the abnormal differentiation of IECs and intestinal barrier dysfunction in diabetic mice.