bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface plasmon resonance‐based DNA microarrays: Comparison of thiol and phosphorothioate modified oligonucleotides
Authors: Jiménez‐Monroy K. L. , Kick A. , Eersels K. , van Grinsven B. , Wagner P. , Mertig M. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe present the use of thiol‐modified and phosphorothioate (PT)‐modified oligonucleotides for building DNA microarrays on the gold surface of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) chips. PT‐modified oligonucleotides (PTOs) have several advantages in comparison to thiol‐modified ones. They do not form disulfides and the PT groups can be introduced in any desired position of the molecular backbone of the oligonucleotide. Additionally, modifications with PT groups are not as cost‐intensive as thiol groups. The direct immobilization of the oligonucleotides via thiol and PT groups is compared. The affinity of the PT groups to gold is lower than that of thiol groups. Nevertheless, the hybridization kinetics of a model polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product could be studied in real time on a DNA microarray for both types of modified oligonucleotides. This contributes to clarification of previous, contradictory reports on the use of PTOs for their attachment to gold surfaces. The immobilization of PTOs could be improved by the introduction of iodoacetylated surfaces, which are reactive to bind PTs as well as thiols with high efficiency. Furthermore, the influence of the probe structure on the probe density and the hybridization was investigated.
Mode‐locked Yb:LuAG ceramics laser
Authors: Luo Dewei , Zhang Jian , Xu Changwen , Lin Hui , Yang Hao , Zhu Haiyong , Shao Guodong , Tang Dingyuan , Kong Lingbing 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA diode‐pumped Yb:LuAG ceramics laser was investigated. CW laser performance was achieved. Passively femtosecond mode‐locked laser operation was also successfully realized by using a SESAM mirror. The mode‐locked pulse duration as short as 650 fs was obtained with a maximum output power of 200 mW. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical properties and laser performance of Ho:LuAG ceramics
Authors: Yang Hao , Zhang Jian , Luo Dewei , Lin Hui , Chen Hao , Shen Deyuan , Tang Dingyuan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractLutetium aluminum garnet (LuAG) is a garnet isostructure similar to yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG). High optical quality of 1.0 mol% Ho3+ doped LuAG transparent polycrystalline ceramics were fabricated successfully by reactive sintering method. The microstructures, optical properties and laser performance of the Ho:LuAG ceramics were investigated in this study. The in‐line transmittance of Ho:LuAG transparent ceramics is higher than 84% at 2500 nm. The absorption coefficient of 1.0 mol% Ho:LuAG is 0.88 cm–1 at 1906 nm and its absorption cross section is calculated to be 0.62×10–20 cm2. The laser oscillation of Ho:LuAG transparent ceramic without coated was also firstly obtained in this study. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐temperature thermoelectric properties of p‐type skutterudites Ybx Co3FeSb12
Authors: Dong Yongkwan , Puneet Pooja , Tritt Terry M. , Nolas George S. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPartially filled polycrystalline p‐type skutterudites of nominal compositions Ybx Co3FeSb12 were synthesized and their thermoelectric properties characterized. The compositions and filling fractions were confirmed with a combination of Rietveld refinement and elemental analysis. The thermoelectric properties were evaluated from 300 K to 810 K. The Seebeck coefficient and resistivity increase while the thermal conductivity decreases with increasing Yb content. A maximum ZT value of 0.85 was obtained at 810 K. This work is part of a continuing effort to enhance the thermoelectric properties of p‐type skutterudites, as this class of materials continues to be of interest for thermoelectrics applications. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Propagation of the Madden–Julian Oscillation through the Maritime Continent and scale interaction with the diurnal cycle of precipitation
Authors: Peatman Simon C. , Matthews Adrian J. , Stevens David P. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe convectively active part of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) propagates eastward through the warm pool, from the Indian Ocean through the Maritime Continent (the Indonesian archipelago) to the western Pacific. The Maritime Continent's complex topography means the exact nature of the MJO propagation through this region is unclear. Model simulations of the MJO are often poor over the region, leading to local errors in latent heat release and global errors in medium‐range weather prediction and climate simulation.Using 14 northern winters of TRMM satellite data it is shown that, where the mean diurnal cycle of precipitation is strong, 80% of the MJO precipitation signal in the Maritime Continent is accounted for by changes in the amplitude of the diurnal cycle. Additionally, the relationship between outgoing long‐wave radiation (OLR) and precipitation is weakened here, such that OLR is no longer a reliable proxy for precipitation. The canonical view of the MJO as the smooth eastward propagation of a large‐scale precipitation envelope also breaks down over the islands of the Maritime Continent. Instead, a vanguard of precipitation (anomalies of 2.5 mm day−1 over 106 km2) jumps ahead of the main body by approximately 6 days or 2000 km. Hence, there can be enhanced precipitation over Sumatra, Borneo or New Guinea when the large‐scale MJO envelope over the surrounding ocean is one of suppressed precipitation.This behaviour can be accommodated into existing MJO theories. Frictional and topographic moisture convergence and relatively clear skies ahead of the main convective envelope combine with the low thermal inertia of the islands, to allow a rapid response in the diurnal cycle which rectifies onto the lower‐frequency MJO. Hence, accurate representations of the diurnal cycle and its scale interaction appear to be necessary for models to simulate the MJO successfully.
Preparation of MoS2‐Coated Three‐Dimensional Graphene Networks for High‐Performance Anode Material in Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Cao Xiehong , Shi Yumeng , Shi Wenhui , Rui Xianhong , Yan Qingyu , Kong Jing , Zhang Hua 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA novel composite, MoS2‐coated three‐dimensional graphene network (3DGN), referred to as MoS2/3DGN, is synthesized by a facile CVD method. The 3DGN, composed of interconnected graphene sheets, not only serves as template for the deposition of MoS2, but also provides good electrical contact between the current collector and deposited MoS2. As a proof of concept, the MoS2/3DGN composite, used as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, shows excellent electrochemical performance, which exhibits reversible capacities of 877 and 665 mAh g−1 during the 50th cycle at current densities of 100 and 500 mA g−1, respectively, indicating its good cycling performance. Furthermore, the MoS2/3DGN composite also shows excellent high‐current‐density performance, e.g., depicts a 10th‐cycle capacity of 466 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 4 A g−1.
Teaching With Interactive Picture E‐Books in Grades K–6
Authors: Schugar Heather Ruetschlin , Smith Carol A. , Schugar Jordan T. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis article presents general implications for using interactive electronic picture books in the classroom. The suggestions are rooted in research with middle grades readers in a tutoring setting and kindergarten through fourth‐grade classroom settings. Specific attention is given toward those features in eBooks that may distract, support, or extend comprehension. The article also addresses ways to familiarize students with multi‐touch tablet devices while encouraging students and teachers to transfer print‐based reading strategies to this new medium. In addition, the authors provide a framework for considering the relationship between interactive features in eBooks and students’ comprehension while establishing the need for more scaffolding of reading instruction when using ebooks.
The reproductive biology of two understory plants in the Atlantic rain forest, Brazil
Authors: Stein Katharina , Hensen Isabell 
Published: May 2013

AbstractOutcrossing and sexual reproduction of most flowering plants depends on pollinators. Plant traits likely to be involved in pollinator attraction include flower color, shape, and size. Furthermore, plant or flower density and the temporal flowering pattern may have an effect on reproduction. In this study, we examine the pollination ecology, breeding system, female reproductive output, and germination of two tropical understory species, Stenostephanus lobeliiformis (Acanthaceae) and Besleria melancholica (Gesneriaceae), which differ in these traits. Pollinator observations revealed that the dense flowering S. lobeliiformis with pinkish flowers received a higher diversity of pollinators, but visitor frequency measured as visits per flower per hour was much less (0.1 h−1) than that to B. melancholica, which has a smaller floral display of dull‐colored flowers (1.5 h−1). Pollination experiments revealed that S. lobeliiformis but not B. melancholica is pollen‐limited. In addition, both species are partially self‐incompatible and depend on pollinators for outcrossing. Natural fruit set of open‐pollinated unmanipulated flowers (control treatment) in both species is 22–26 %. Germination studies indicated inbreeding depression in S. lobeliiformis. We conclude that the pollination ecology of these species is influenced by a broad set of traits and that very different combinations of these traits can be successful in terms of reproduction.
How to Attain an Ultralow Interfacial Tension and a Three‐Phase Behavior with a Surfactant Formulation for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Review. Part 2. Performance Improvement Trends from Winsor's Premise to Currently Proposed Inter‐ and Intra‐Molecular Mixtures
Authors: Salager Jean‐Louis , Forgiarini Ana M. , Márquez Laura , Manchego Lisbeth , Bullón Johnny 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe minimum interfacial tension occurrence along a formulation scan at the so‐called optimum formulation is discussed to be related to the interfacial curvature. The attained minimum tension is inversely proportional to the domain size of the bicontinuous microemulsion and to the interfacial layer rigidity, but no accurate prediction is available. The data from a very simple ternary system made of pure products accurately follows the correlation for optimum formulation, and exhibit a linear relationship between the performance index as the logarithm of the minimum tension at optimum, and the formulation variables. This relation is probably too simple when the number of variables is increased as in practical cases. The review of published data for more realistic systems proposed for enhanced oil recovery over the past 30 years indicates a general guidelines following Winsor's basic studies concerning the surfactant–oil–water interfacial interactions. It is well known that the major performance benefits are achieved by blending amphiphilic species at the interface as intermolecular or intramolecular mixtures, sometimes in extremely complex formulations. The complexity is such that a good knowledge of the possible trends and an experienced practical know‐how to avoid trial and error are important for the practitioner in enhanced oil recovery.
Synthesis and Properties of Mono or Double Long‐Chain Alkanolamine Surfactants
Authors: Zhang Ya , Xu Yongshen , Qiu Shouji , Yang Lei 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTwo types of N‐substituted long‐chain alkanolamine surfactants were prepared. Firstly, octadecyl glycidyl ether was synthesized from octadecanol and epichlorohydrin. Subsequently, a ring‐opening reaction of the epoxide ring of octadecyl glycidyl ether was performed with monoethanolamine and diethanolamine to synthesize bis(octadecyloxy)‐2‐ hydroxypropylmonoethanolamine (D‐MEA)and octadecyloxy‐2‐hydroxypropyldiethanolamine(M‐DEA) without catalyst at 60 °C, respectively. And their corresponding tertiary amine salts bis(octadecyloxy)‐2‐hydroxypropylmonoethanolamine hydrochloride (D‐MEAS) and octadecyloxy‐2‐hydroxypropyldiethanolamine hydrochloride (M‐DEAS) were attained by neutralization with hydrochloric acid. The study on these four surfactants included their surface active properties, foaming abilities, emulsifying properties, lime‐soap dispersion abilities and wetting abilities. The results show that D‐MEAS possesses the best surface active property and lime‐soap dispersion ability. D‐MEA has better foaming ability and foaming stability. The wetting ability of M‐DEA and the emulsifying property of M‐DEAS are prominent.
New Long Chain Bases in Lipophosphonoglycan of Acanthamoeba Castellanii
Authors: Karaś Magdalena A. , Russa Ryszard 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe polymer called lipophosphonoglycan (LPG) was isolated from Acanthamoeba castellanii membranes after exhaustive delipidation and butanol extraction. A novel extremely long phytosphingosine was revealed in glycoinositolphosphosphingolipid (GIPSL). All data obtained by gas–liquid chromatography coupled with MS analyses of products liberated during acid methanolysis and products of sodium metaperiodate and permanganate–periodate oxidations showed an unusual pattern of long chain bases (LCB) with branched bases (anteiso‐C24, anteiso‐C25, anteiso‐C26, iso‐C26, anteiso‐C27, and anteiso‐C28) and normal ones (C24, C25, C26, C27). The phytosphingosines with hexa‐, hepta‐, and octacosanoic chains have not been detected in Acanthamoeba cells up to now. Also, the isomer configuration of long chain bases in LPG of A. castellanii was not defined in earlier reports. In the GC–MS chromatograms, the component forming a peak corresponding to anteiso‐C25 phytosphingosine was the most abundant and constituted more than 50 % of all LCB.
Analysis of discrete time schemes for milling forces control under fractional order holds
Authors: Rubio Luis , De la Sen Manuel , Longstaff Andrew Peter , Myers Alan 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this paper, discrete time model reference control schemes for practical milling using different discretization of the continuous-time plant are presented. First, a basic controller scheme is addressed where a fractional order hold with pre-fixed value of the gain is used. Secondly, a multi-model scheme, which outputs different discretization in parallel with the continuous-time milling system transfer function under a fractional order hold (FROH) of correcting β ∈ [−1, 1], is dealt with. Then, an intelligent design framework is designed as a supervisory scheme with two hierarchical levels in order to find the most appropriate value for the gain β. For choosing the value of β, a tracking performance index is designed. It evaluates each pre-defined discretization of the continuous time milling transfer function and the scheme chooses the one with the smallest value of the index in order to generate the real control input to the plant. Two different methods of adjusting this value are presented and discussed. The first one selects a β-value among a fixed pre-defined set of possible values, while the second one the value of β is updated by adding or subtracting a small quantity.
Influences on Pregnancy-Termination Decisions in Matlab, Bangladesh
Authors: DaVanzo Julie , Rahman Mizanur , Ahmed Shahabuddin , Razzaque Abdur 
Published: May 2013

Abstract
We investigate factors affecting women’s decisions to terminate pregnancies in Matlab, Bangladesh, using logistic regression on high-quality data from the Demographic Surveillance System on more than 215,000 pregnancies that occurred between 1978 and 2008. Variables associated with the desire not to have another birth soon (very young and older maternal age, a greater number of living children, the recent birth of twins or of a son, a short interval since a recent live birth) are associated with a greater likelihood of pregnancy termination, and the effects of many of these explanatory variables are stronger in more recent years. Women are less likely to terminate a pregnancy if they don’t have any living sons or recently experienced a miscarriage, a stillbirth, or the death of a child. The higher the woman’s level of education, the more likely she is to terminate a pregnancy. Between 1982 and the mid-2000s, pregnancy termination was significantly less likely in the area of Matlab with better family planning services.
Aktiv leben nach Krebs mit gesundheitsorientierten Trainingsangeboten
Authors: Scharhag-Rosenberger Friederike 
Published: May 2013

Einleitung
Die Anzahl Krebsüberlebender steigt stetig an. Da Krebsbetroffene ein erhöhtes Risiko für Begleit- und Folgeerkrankungen aufweisen, stellen sie eine Herausforderung für das Gesundheitswesen dar. Gesundheitsorientierte Bewegungsprogramme tragen dazu bei, die Lebensqualität Krebsüberlebender zu verbessern, gesundheitlichen Problemen entgegenzuwirken und eventuell das Sterberisiko zu senken. Die Entwicklung spezieller Bewegungsangebote für Krebsüberlebende ist deshalb eine Aufgabe und ein Zukunftsmarkt für verschiedene Akteure im Gesundheits- und Fitnessbereich.
Comprehensive On-site Medical and Public Health Training for Local Medical Practitioners in a Refugee Setting
Authors: Asgary Ramin , Jacobson Karen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesIn refugee settings, local medical personnel manage a broad range of health problems but commonly lack proper skills and training, which contributes to inefficient use of resources. To fill that gap, we designed, implemented, and evaluated a curriculum for a comprehensive on-site training for medical providers.MethodsThe comprehensive teaching curriculum provided ongoing on-site training for medical providers (4 physicians, 7 medical officers, 15 nurses and nurse aids, and 30 community health workers) in a sub-Saharan refugee camp. The curriculum included didactic sessions, inpatient and outpatient practice-based teaching, and case-based discussions, which included clinical topics, refugee public health, and organizational skills. The usefulness and efficacy of the training were evaluated through pretraining and posttraining tests, anonymous self-assessment surveys, focus group discussions, and direct clinical observation.ResultsPhysicians had a 50% (95% CI 17%-82%; range, 25%-75%) improvement in knowledge and skills. They rated the quality and usefulness of lectures 4.75 and practice-based teaching 5.0 on a 5-point scale (1=poor to 5=excellent). Evaluation of medical officers’ knowledge revealed improvements in (1) overall test scores (52% [SD 8%] to 80% [SD 5%]; P < .0001); (2) pediatric infectious diseases (44% [SD 9%] to 79% [SD 7%]; P < .001); and (3) noninfectious diseases (57% [SD 16%] to 81% [SD 10%] P < .01). Main barriers to effective learning were lack of training prioritization, time constraints, and limited ancillary support.ConclusionsA long-term, ongoing training curriculum for medical providers initiated by aid agencies but integrated into horizontal peer-to-peer education is feasible and effective in refugee settings. Such programs need prioritizing, practice and system-based personnel training, and a comprehensive curriculum to improve clinical decision making.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:82-88)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Parents and Youth After Health-Related Disasters
Authors: Sprang Ginny , Silman Miriam 
Published: May 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis study investigated the psychosocial responses of children and their parents to pandemic disasters, specifically measuring traumatic stress responses in children and parents with varying disease-containment experiences.MethodsA mixed-method approach using survey, focus groups, and interviews produced data from 398 parents. Adult respondents completed the University of California at Los Angeles Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index (PTSD-RI) Parent Version and the PTSD Check List Civilian Version (PCL-C).ResultsDisease-containment measures such as quarantine and isolation can be traumatizing to a significant portion of children and parents. Criteria for PTSD was met in 30% of isolated or quarantined children based on parental reports, and 25% of quarantined or isolated parents (based on self-reports).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that pandemic disasters and subsequent disease-containment responses may create a condition that families and children find traumatic. Because pandemic disasters are unique and do not include congregate sites for prolonged support and recovery, they require specific response strategies to ensure the behavioral health needs of children and families. Pandemic planning must address these needs and disease-containment measures. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2013;7:105-110)
Iwasawa Theory for K2n
Authors: Ji Qingzhong , Qin Hourong 
Published: May 2013

AbstractGiven a number field F and a prime number p; let Fn denote the cyclotomic extension with [Fn : F] = pn; and let $\mathematical script capital(O)_F_n\$ denote its ring of integers. We establish an analogue of the classical Iwasawa theorem for the orders of K2i ($\mathematical script capital(O)_F_n\$){p}.
Kingship by Descent or Kingship by Election? The Contested Title of James VI and I
Authors: Kanemura Rei 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThroughout the reign of Elizabeth I, a steady stream of tracts appeared in English print to vindicate the succession of the most prominent contenders, Mary and James Stuart of Scotland. This article offers a comprehensive account of the polemical battle between the supporters and opponents of the Stuarts, and further identifies various theories of English kingship, most notably the theory of corporate kingship, developed by the Stuart polemicists to defend the Scottish succession. James's accession to the English throne in March 1603 marked the protracted end of the debate over the succession. The article concludes by suggesting that, while powerfully renouncing the opposition to his succession, over the course of his attempt to unify his two kingdoms, James and his supporters ultimately departed from the polemic of corporate kingship, for a more assertive language of kingship by natural and divine law.
Closed form Solution for Degenerate Scale Problem of Joukowcki Airfoil Configuration in Antiplane Elasticity
Authors: Chen Y. Z. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a closed form solution for degenerate scale problem of the Joukowcki thin airfoil configuration in antiplane elasticity. The solution depends on a conformal mapping function for the Joukowcki thin airfoil configuration.