bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients' concern about their medicine after a generic switch: a combined cross‐sectional questionnaire and register study
Authors: Rathe Jette , Søndergaard Jens , Jarbøl Dorte E. , Hallas Jesper , Andersen Morten 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeThis study aims to investigate the possible association between patients' concerns about their medicine and generic switch.MethodsCross‐sectional survey was carried out comprising responses from 2217 randomly selected persons aged 20 years or older and living in the Region of Southern Denmark, who had redeemed generically substitutable drugs in September 2008. For each patient, we focused on the purchase of one generically substitutable drug (index drug). We applied the specific concerns subscale from the Beliefs about Medicine Questionnaire (BMQ) to analyse lack of confidence in treatment. We also included general beliefs about medicine (BMQ), views on generic medicine and confidence in the health‐care system. The information about the patients' generic switch was obtained from a prescription database and not provided by the patients. Data were analysed using linear regression.ResultsNo statistically significant associations were found between concerns about the index medicine and the generic switch (−0.02 95% CI: −0.10; 0.05). Viewing medicines as harmful in general was associated with increased concerns (BMQ general harm: 0.39 95% CI: 0.30; 0.47 and BMQ general overuse: 0.28 95% CI: 0.20; 0.35). Patients having high confidence in the health‐care system showed less concern (−0.16 95% CI: −0.27; −0.06).ConclusionThis study showed that for all three drug categories investigated, the patients who experienced a generic switch did not have more concerns about their index medicine than patients who did not switch. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time synchronization: pivotal element in cloud forensics
Authors: Marangos Nikolaos , Rizomiliotis Panagiotis , Mitrou Lilian 
Published: June 2014

AbstractCloud computing (CC) is the new trend in computing and resource management. This architectural shift toward thin clients and the centralized on‐demand provision of computing resources aspires to offer significant economical benefits to its users. However, the adaption of the CC model has forced many times the IT industry and the academia to revisit most of the traditional tools and technologies. The last few years, it has been identified that one of the computer branches that has been most affected by the CC model is Digital Forensics, one of the main law enforcement tools in the cyberspace. In this context, a new security area was born, the so‐called cloud forensics (CF). In this paper, we investigate the impact that the CC model has on the trustworthiness of one of the main CF sources of information, the log‐files. More precisely, we bring forth a crucial but rather underestimated problem, the problem of accurate log‐records timestamping. The synchronization of time (stamps) is of major importance for the investigation logs to be used as source of evidence. We show that this requirement is not easy in the cloud context. We demonstrate that the main features of CC render existing time synchronization techniques inadequate, and we provide a list of guidelines toward a CF aware timekeeping system. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Hydrophobicity and Temperature on the Interactions in the Mixed Micelles of Triblock Polymers [(EO76PO29EO76) and (EO19PO69EO19)] with Monomeric and Gemini Surfactants
Authors: Banipal Tarlok Singh , Sood Ashwani Kumar 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe interactions in the mixed micelles of two triblock polymers, F68 (EO76PO29EO76) and P123 (EO19PO69EO19), with a series of monomeric (dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, tetradecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide) and gemini {dimethylene bis(alkyldimethyl ammonium bromide), m‐2‐m, where m = 10, 12 and 14} cationic surfactants were studied by surface tension and viscosity measurements in aqueous solutions at different temperatures. The mixed micellar and interfacial properties of the binary mixtures were analyzed using Clint, Rubingh, Rosen and Maeda approaches. Both F68 and P123 show weak interactions with the studied cationic surfactants at 298.15 K which become favorable (synergistic) at higher temperatures. Further, the synergistic interactions are more in mixtures of P123 than F68 at higher temperatures. A comparison of the effects of number of EO and PO blocks in triblock polymers on various physicochemical parameters of the mixed micelles has also been made. The unfavorable enthalpy changes are compensated by favorable entropy changes as a result of the hydrophobic effect. The relative viscosity (ηr) studies show that the size of the micelles formed by pure P123 is smaller than those of F68. The values of ηr for the mixed micelles of F68 show significant variation with chain length of gemini surfactants whereas no such effect is seen in mixtures with P123.
Achieving superlubricity in DLC films by controlling bulk, surface, and tribochemistry
Authors: Erdemir Ali , Eryilmaz Osman 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Superlubricity refers to a sliding regime in which contacting surfaces move over one another without generating much adhesion or friction [1]. From a practical application point of view, this will be the most ideal tribological situation for many moving mechanical systems mainly because friction consumes large amounts of energy and causes greenhouse gas emissions [2]. Superlubric sliding can also improve performance and durability of these systems. In this paper, we attempt to provide an overview of how controlled or targeted bulk, surface, or tribochemistry can lead to superlubricity in diamond-like carbon (DLC) films. Specifically, we show that how providing hydrogen into bulk and near surface regions as well as to sliding contact interfaces of DLC films can lead to super-low friction and wear. Incorporation of hydrogen into bulk DLC or near surface regions can be done during deposition or through hydrogen plasma treatment after the deposition. Hydrogen can also be fed into the sliding contact interfaces of DLCs during tribological testing to reduce friction. Due to favorable tribochemical interactions, these interfaces become very rich in hydrogen and thus provide super-low friction after a brief run-in period. Regardless of the method used, when sliding surfaces of DLC films are enriched in hydrogen, they then provide some of the lowest friction coefficients (i.e., down to 0.001). Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (TOF-SIMS) is used to gather evidence on the extent and nature of tribochemical interactions with hydrogen. Based on the tribological and surface analytical findings, we provide a mechanistic model for the critical role of hydrogen on superlubricity of DLC films.
Surface passivation and boundary lubrication of self-mated tetrahedral amorphous carbon asperities under extreme tribological conditions
Authors: Romero Pedro A. , Pastewka Lars , Von Lautz Julian , Moseler Michael 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Tetrahedral amorphous carbon coatings have the potential to significantly reduce friction and wear between sliding components. Here, we provide atomistic insights into the evolution of the sliding interface between naked and hydrogen-passivated ta-C sliding partners under dry and lubricated conditions. Using reactive classical atomistic simulations we show that sliding induces a sp3 to sp2 rehybridization and that the shear resistance is reduced by hydrogen-passivation and hexadecane-lubrication—despite our finding that nanoscale hexadecane layers are not always able to separate and protect ta-C counter surfaces during sliding. As asperities deform, carbon atoms within the hexadecane lubricant bind to the ta-C sliding partners resulting in degradation of the hexadecane molecules and in increased material intermixing at the sliding interface. Hydrogen atoms from the passivation layer and from the hexadecane chains continue to be mixed within a sp2 rich sliding interface eventually generating a tribo-layer that resembles an a-C:H type of material. Upon separation of the sliding partners, the tribo-couple splits within the newly formed sp2 rich a-C:H mixed layer with significant material transfer across the sliding partners. This leaves behind a-C:H coated ta-C surfaces with dangling C bonds, linear C chains and hydrocarbon fragments.
Drops of power-law fluids falling on a coated vertical fibre
Authors: Yu Liyan , Hinch John 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe study the solitary wave solutions in a thin film of a power-law fluid coating a vertical fibre. Different behaviours are observed for shear-thickening and shear-thinning fluids. For shear-thickening fluids, the solitary waves are larger and faster when the reduced Bond number is smaller. For shear-thinning fluids, two branches of solutions exist for a certain range of the Bond number, where the solitary waves are larger and faster on one and smaller and slower on the other as the Bond number decreases. We carry out an asymptotic analysis for the large and fast-travelling solitary waves to explain how their speeds and amplitudes change with the Bond number. The analysis is then extended to examine the stability of the two branches of solutions for the shear-thinning fluids.
‘To Preserve the Skin in Health’: Drainage, Bodily Control and the Visual Definition of Healthy Skin 1835–1900
Authors: te Hennepe Mieneke 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe concept of a healthy skin penetrated the lives of many people in late-nineteenth-century Britain. Popular writings on skin and soap advertisements are significant for pointing to the notions of the skin as a symbolic surface: a visual moral ideal. Popular health publications reveal how much contemporary understanding of skin defined and connected ideas of cleanliness and the visual ideals of the healthy body in Victorian Britain. Characterised as a ‘sanitary commissioner’ of the body, skin represented the organ of drainage for bodyandsociety. The importance of keeping the skin clean and purging it of waste materials such as sweat and dirt resonated in a Britain that embraced city sanitation developments, female beauty practices, racial identities and moral reform. By focusing on the popular work by British surgeon and dermatologist Erasmus Wilson (1809–84), this article offers a history of skin through the lens of the sanitary movement and developments in the struggle for control over healthy skin still in place today.
MultiMLton: A multicore-aware runtime for standard ML
Authors: SIVARAMAKRISHNAN K. C. , ZIAREK LUKASZ , JAGANNATHAN SURESH 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMultiMLtonis an extension of the MLton compiler and runtime system that targets scalable, multicore architectures. It provides specific support for ACML, a derivative of Concurrent ML that allows for the construction of composableasynchronousevents. To effectively manage asynchrony, we require the runtime to efficiently handle potentially large numbers of lightweight, short-lived threads, many of which are created specifically to deal with the implicit concurrency introduced by asynchronous events. Scalability demands also dictate that the runtime minimize global coordination.MultiMLtontherefore implements a split-heap memory manager that allows mutators and collectors running on different cores to operate mostly independently. More significantly,MultiMLtonexploits the premise that there is a surfeit of available concurrency in ACML programs to realize a new collector design that completely eliminates the need for read barriers, a source of significant overhead in other managed runtimes. These two symbiotic features - a thread design specifically tailored to support asynchronous communication, and a memory manager that exploits lightweight concurrency to greatly reduce barrier overheads - areMultiMLton's key novelties. In this article, we describe the rationale, design, and implementation of these features, and provide experimental results over a range of parallel benchmarks and different multicore architectures including an 864 core Azul Vega 3, and a 48 core non-coherent Intel SCC (Single-Cloud Computer), that justify our design decisions.
Narratives of Africa in a Digital World: Kony 2012 and Student Perceptions of Conflict and Agency in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Hershey Megan , Artime Michael 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTKony 2012, a film released by the nonprofit Invisible Children in the spring of 2012, drew a flurry of Facebook “shares” and “likes.” However, critics expressed a concern that the film offered a distorted portrayal of Africans and African politics. In this article, we test these criticisms by asking what effects the film had on college students’ perceptions of Africa and Africans. To address this question, we draw on a survey and an experiment conducted at a small liberal arts college whereKony 2012enjoyed popularity. The results show that the film did affect students’ perceptions of Africa; specifically, it led many to perceive Africans as lacking agency and autonomy. We argue that whereas the film did have initial negative effects on students’ perceptions of Africa, these effects seem to fade over time. Future research should explore the compounding effects of exposure to images that misrepresent the African continent.
Simulating a Foreign Policy Dilemma: Considering US Humanitarian Intervention
Authors: Switky Bob 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe humanitarian impulse in the United States routinely clashes with isolationist sentiment, with appeals to the national interest, and with apathy in and out of government. This class exercise encourages students to explore the contours of the debate over humanitarian intervention with a crisis unfolding in Belagua, a fictitious Latin American country. As the crisis deteriorates, students increasingly feel the tension between wanting to help the at-risk civilian population and avoiding a messy conflict from which the United States could have trouble extracting itself. The project requires students to address key questions about the US role in the Belagua case and to consider what the United States could or should have done in actual situations, such as Rwanda and Syria. Because these crises are likely to occur in the decades to come, this exercise initiates students to the challenges that the United States, as well as the international community, undoubtedly will face.
Terra incognita Hausarztpraxis – Tabakentwöhnung in der deutschen Primärversorgung
Authors: Schneider Sven , Diehl Katharina , Bock Christina , Herr Raphael M. , Mayer Manfred , Lindinger Peter , Görig Tatiana 
Published: June 2014

Zielsetzung: Die Hausarztpraxis gilt als ideales Setting für die Tabakentwöhnung. Die bundesweite „ÄSP-kardio-Studie“ liefert aktuelle Daten zum Status quo der Tabakentwöhnung nach der „5 A-Strategie“ in deutschen Hausarztpraxen. Methodik: Zwischen 10/2011 und 03/2012 wurden über 4.000 Hausärzte repräsentativ befragt. Der Fragebogen wurde vorab einem Expert Review unterzogen, durch kognitive Interviews validiert und in einer Pilotstudie getestet. Ergebnisse: Routinemäßig erfassten 89 % der Hausärzte etwaigen Tabakkonsum („Assess“), 82 % rieten Rauchern zu einem Rauchstopp („Advise“) und 12 % vereinbarten schriftliche Ziele einer Entwöhnung („Agree“). Hilfestellungen („Assist“) in Form einer Kurzintervention fanden mit 72 % deutlich häufiger statt als in Form von Informationsmaterial (33 %) oder einer Entwöhnungstherapie (27 %). Etwa die Hälfte (54 %) vereinbarte Folgetermine zur Überprüfung des Rauchstopps („Arrange“). Das Angebot war von arzt-, praxis- sowie patientenspezifischen Faktoren abhängig und in den nordöstlichen Bundesländern unterdurchschnittlich. Acht von 10 Hausärzten (77 %) bewerteten ihre Maßnahmen als nicht erfolgreich. Schlussfolgerungen: Deutlich wird die suboptimale und ungleich verteilte Versorgung von Rauchern mit angemessenen Entwöhnungsmaßnahmen in deutschen Hausarztpraxen.
Quantifying selection in immune receptor repertoires
Authors: Elhanati Yuval , Murugan Anand , Callan Curtis G. , Mora Thierry , Walczak Aleksandra M. 
Published: June 2014

Significance
The immune system defends against pathogens through a diverse population of T cells that display different antigen recognition surface receptor proteins. Receptor diversity is produced by an initial random gene recombination process followed by selection for a desirable range of peptide binding. Although recombination is well-understood, selection has not been quantitatively characterized. By combining high-throughput sequencing data with modeling, we quantify the selection pressure that shapes functional repertoires. Selection is found to vary little between individuals or between naive and memory repertoires. It reinforces the biases of the recombination process, meaning that sequences more likely to be produced are also more likely to pass selection. The model accounts for public sequences shared between individuals as resulting from pure chance.
Unripe Rubus coreanus Miquel suppresses migration and invasion of human prostate cancer cells by reducing matrix metalloproteinase expression
Authors: Kim Yesl , Lee Seung Min , Kim Jung-Hyun 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM) is used to promote prostate health and has been shown to have anti-oxidant and anti-carcinogenic activities. However, the effects and mechanisms of RCM on prostate cancer metastasis remain unclear. PC-3 and DU 145 cells were treated with ethanol or water extract of unripe or ripe RCM and examined for cell invasion, migration, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity and expression. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt activities were examined. Unripe RCM extracts exerted significant inhibitory effects on cell migration, invasion, and MMPs activities. A significant reduction in MMPs activities by unripe RCM ethanol extract treatment (UE) was associated with reduction of MMPs expression and induction of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) expression. Furthermore, PI3K/Akt activity was diminished by UE treatment. In this study, we demonstrated that UE decreased metastatic potential of prostate cancer cells by reducing MMPs expression through the suppression of PI3K/Akt phosphorylation, thereby decreasing MMP activity and enhancing TIMPs expression.
Multiplanar breast kinematics during different exercise modalities
Authors: Risius Deborah , Milligan Alexandra , Mills Chris , Scurr Joanna 
Published: June 2014

AbstractMultiplanar breast movement reduction is crucial to increasing physical activity participation amongst women. To date, research has focused on breast movement during running, but until breast movement is understood during different exercise modalities, the breast support requirements for specific activities are unknown. To understand breast support requirements during different exercise modalities, this study aimed to determine multiplanar breast kinematics during running, jumping and agility tasks. Sixteen 32D participants had markers attached to their right nipple and torso. Relative multiplanar breast displacement was calculated during bare‐breasted treadmill running (10 kph), maximum countermovement jumping and an agility t‐test. Exercise modality influenced the magnitude and direction of breast displacement, velocity and acceleration (p <. 05). Jumping produced greater vertical breast displacement (.09 m) but less mediolateral breast displacement (.05 m) than running or the agility task, but agility tasks produced the highest multiplanar breast velocities and acceleration. Breast movement during jumping was predominantly in the vertical direction, whereas the agility task produced a greater percentage of mediolateral breast acceleration than running or jumping. Exercise modality impacted upon the magnitude and distribution of bare‐breasted multiplanar breast kinematics in this homogenous 32D cohort. Therefore, to reduce breast movement in women of a 32D bra size, manufacturers may wish to design sport‐specific products, with greater vertical support for exercise modalities incorporating jumping and greater mediolateral support for agility tasks.
Constraints on the gas masses of low-z damped Lyman α systems
Authors: Mazumdar Parichay , Kanekar Nissim , Prochaska J. Xavier 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We report a deep search for redshifted H i 21 cm emission from three damped and sub-damped Lyman α absorbers (DLAs) at z ≈ 0.1 with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). No evidence for a redshifted H i 21 cm emission signal was obtained in the GBT spectra of two absorbers, with the data on the third rendered unusable by terrestrial interference. The non-detections of H i 21 cm emission yield strong constraints on the H i masses of the associated galaxies, MH i &lt; 2.3 × 109 × (Δ V/100)1/2 M⊙ for the sub-DLA at z = 0.0830 towards J1553+3548 and MH i &lt; 2.7 × 109 × (Δ V/100)1/2 M⊙ for the DLA at z = 0.0963 towards J1619+3342, where ΔV is the H i 21 cm line width, in km s−1. This continues the trend of low H i masses found in all low-z DLAs and sub-DLAs that have been searched for redshifted H i 21 cm emission. Low-redshift absorbers with relatively low H i column densities, ≲ few × 1020 cm−2, thus do not typically arise in massive gas-rich galaxies.
Ceftaroline in Combination With Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole for Salvage Therapy of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia and Endocarditis
Authors: Fabre Valeria , Ferrada Marcela , Buckel Whitney R. , Avdic Edina , Cosgrove Sara E. 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
No clinical trials have investigated the use of ceftaroline fosamil for salvage therapy of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and endocarditis. We report data on 29 patients who received ceftaroline ± another antimicrobial for this indication. Ninety percent of patients had microbiologic cure and 31% had treatment success with a median follow-up of 6 months.
Near-infrared colors of asteroid 2012 DA14 at its closest approach to Earth: Observations with the Nishiharima Infrared Camera (NIC)
Authors: Takahashi Jun , Urakawa Seitaro , Terai Tsuyoshi , Hanayama Hidekazu , Arai Akira , Honda Satoshi , Takagi Yuhei , Itoh Yoichi , Zenno Takahiro , Ishiguro Masateru 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
We present the results of our JHKs photometry of asteroid 2012 DA14 at its closest approach to Earth on 2013 February 15. Possible spectral changes associated with resurfacing by planetary encounters are of great interest. The Earth flyby of 2012 DA14 provided a rare opportunity to investigate this effect. Our observations were conducted using the Nishiharima Infrared Camera (NIC) attached to the 2.0 m Nayuta telescope at the Nishi-Harima Astronomical Observatory. Despite the extraordinarily fast sky motion of up to near 50″ s−1, the telescope successfully tracked the asteroid. The NIC achievement of three-band simultaneous observations allowed us to reliably deduce the colors of this fast-moving object. The derived near-infrared relative reflectances are flat, which is consistent with the classification of the asteroid as L-type. The J − H and H − Ks colors at 0.5–1 hr after the closest approach are compared with those observed by de León (2013, A&A, 555, L2) at ∼ 10 hr after the closest time. We did not detect color changes significantly exceeding the photometric errors, which are ∼ 0.1 mag. This project has demonstrated the potential of the NIC as a three-band simultaneous imager, especially for observations of rapidly time-variable phenomena.