bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COVID-19 Pandemic Quarantines and Mental Health Among Adolescents in Norway
Authors: Pettersen Johanne H. , Hannigan Laurie J. , Gustavson Kristin , Lund Ingunn O. , Pearson Rebecca M. , Jensen Pia , Nesvåg Ragnar , Brandlistuen Ragnhild E. , Ask Helga 
Published: July 2024

ImportanceAdolescence is a critical developmental phase when mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression, often emerge. Stringent public health measures and quarantine mandates during the COVID-19 pandemic could threaten adolescent mental health.ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of public health measures and quarantine experiences with mental distress among Norwegian adolescents and to explore if certain vulnerability factors moderate these associations.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis longitudinal cohort study used repeated measures to capture variations in mental distress explained by the stringency of public health measures and quarantine experiences. Data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child cohort study were linked to national health registries and a national stringency index from April 1, 2020, to February 17, 2021. Participant included 7787 Norwegian adolescents aged 16 to 18 years. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to October 2023.ExposuresStringency index of public health measures and quarantine experiences including recent quarantine (within the last 2 weeks) and quarantine frequency (cumulative number of quarantine episodes).Main Outcome and MeasuresMental distress was measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist across 6 data collection waves.ResultsIn this study, 7787 participants were included in the analysis (4473 female [57%]; mean [SD] age, 17.0 [0.6] years). Stringent public health measures (β = 0.18; SE, 0.02;P &amp;lt; .001), recent quarantine (β = 0.11; SE, 0.02;P &amp;lt; .001), and frequent quarantine (β = 0.08; SE, 0.01;P &amp;lt; .001) were associated with higher levels of mental distress. The associations between public health measures and mental distress were not moderated by sex, age, prepandemic anxiety or depression, or genetic liability for mental health conditions. Frequency of quarantine appeared to be more strongly associated with mental distress among younger adolescents (β = −0.04; SE, 0.01;P = .008), those with parents with lower education (β = −0.04; SE, 0.01;P = .007), and those with lower genetic risk for depression (β = −0.03; SE, 0.01;P = .006).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, younger adolescents, those with parents with lower education, or those with low genetic liability for depression appeared more vulnerable when being quarantined several times. These findings emphasize the need for targeted support strategies to better protect adolescent well-being during future crises. Adolescents who experienced increased mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic may be at risk of continued mental health problems and in need of ongoing support.
Decentralized adaptive practical prescribed‐time control via command filters
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhang Tianping 
Published: July 2024

SummaryThis paper proposes a command filter‐based decentralized adaptive backstepping practical prescribed‐time (PPT) tracking control scheme for a class of non‐strict feedback interconnected systems with time varying parameters, unknown control coefficients, unmodeled dynamics, input deadzone and saturation. By the aid of the characteristics of Gaussian functions, the obstacles arising from the non‐strict feedback terms are successfully solved. By constructing a novel time‐varying scaling function and utilizing nonlinear mapping, the PPT tracking control is developed. The estimations of dynamical uncertainties resulting from unmodeled dynamics are accomplished by employing auxiliary signals, while the unknown continuous terms are characterized by the aid of radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs). A superposition of two hyperbolic tangent functions is utilized to approximate input nonlinearity. Utilizing the compact set defined in the command filtered backstepping technique, the problem of unknown control direction is solved without using the Nussbaum gain technique. All the signals involved are proved to be semi‐global uniform ultimate bounded, and the tracking error can enter the pre‐specified convergence region within a pre‐specified time. Simulation results are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control approach.
Potassium Phthalimide Doped with Delta‐Site Structures to Construct Ultra‐Long Cycle Life Aqueous Zn‐Polymer Batteries
Authors: Gong Shengen , Sun Kaisheng , Cao Ningzhi , Chao Danming , Jia Xiaoteng , Wang Caiyun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAqueous Zn‐polymer batteries hold great promise for environmentally friendly energy storage systems. However, the poor cycling performance caused by irreversible structural deformation and polymer chain entanglement during the embedding and de‐embedding processes of Zn2+ and H+ ions is one of the key challenges facing their development. Here a new polyaniline cathode doped is developed with potassium phthalimide using a secondary doping approach. This polymeric electrode integrates the conjugated backbone for charge transport with an anionic phthalimide dopant for constructing a triangular‐site structure, as illustrated by the density functional theory calculations. This unique molecular structure is favorable for improving conductivity and structural stability by effectively modulating the localized electron cloud density. The Zn‐polymer battery holds an outstanding capacity retention of 76.1% after 25,000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1 with the coulombic efficiency maintained above 99.4%. This secondary doped polymer strategy offers a new host alternative for the ultra‐long cycle life of Zn‐polymer batteries. The molecular design strategy and the insight into the relationship between the structure and performance may provide some guidelines for developing polymer cathodes with high stability.
Programmable Chemical Reactions Enable Ultrastrong Soft Pneumatic Actuation
Authors: Qu Yang , Tang Wei , Zhong Yiding , Sheng Qincheng , Xu Huxiu , Qin Kecheng , Li Zhaoyang , Guo Xinyu , Gao Yidan , Yang Huayong , Zou Jun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSoft pneumatic actuation is widely used in wearable devices, soft robots, artificial muscles, and surgery machines. However, generating high‐pressure gases in a soft, controllable, and portable way remains a substantial challenge. Here, a class of programmable chemical reactions that can be used to controllably generate gases with a maximum pressure output of nearly 6 MPa is reported. It is proposed to realize the programmability of the chemical reaction process using thermoelectric material with programmable electric current and employing preprogrammed reversible chemical reactants. The programmable chemical reactions as soft pneumatic actuation can be operated independently as miniature gas sources (∼20–100 g) or combined with arbitrary physical structures to make self‐contained machines, capable of generating unprecedented pressures of nearly 6 MPa or forces of about 18 kN in a controllable, portable, and silent manner. Striking demonstrations of breaking a brick, a marble, and concrete blocks, raising a sightseeing car, and successful applications in artificial muscles and soft assistive wearables illustrate tremendous application prospects of soft pneumatic actuation via programmable chemical reactions. The study establishes a new paradigm toward ultrastrong soft pneumatic actuation.
Insulator Polymer Matrix Construction on All‐Small‐Molecule Photoactive Blend Towards Extrapolated 15000 Hour T80 Stable Devices
Authors: Ma Ruijie , Jiang Xinyu , Dela Peña Top Archie , Gao Wei , Wu Jiaying , Li Mingjie , Roth Stephan V. , Müller‐Buschbaum Peter , Li Gang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo boost the stability of all‐small‐molecule (ASM) organic photovoltaic (OPV) blends, an insulator polymer called styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene (SEBS) as morphology stabilizer is applied into the host system of small molecules BM‐ClEH:BO‐4Cl. Minor addition of SEBS (1 mg/ml in host solution) provides a significantly enhanced T80 value of 15000 hours (extrapolated), surpassing doping‐free (0 mg/ml) and heavy doping (10 mg/ml) counterparts (900 hours, 30 hours). The material reproducibility and cost‐effectiveness of the active layer will not be affected by this industrially available polymer, where the power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be well maintained at 15.02%, which is still a decent value for non‐halogen solvent‐treated ASM OPV. Morphological and photophysical characterizations clearly demonstrate SEBS's pivotal effect on suppressing the degradation of donor molecules and blend film's crystallization/aggregation reorganization, which protects the exciton dynamics effectively. This work pays meaningful attention to the ASM system stability, performs a smart strategy to suppress the film morphology degradation, and releases a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of device performance reduction.
Unveiling the Effect of Cooling Rate on Grown‐in Defects Concentration in Polycrystalline Perovskite Films for Solar Cells with Improved Stability
Authors: Yin Qixin , Chen Tian , Xie Jiangsheng , Lin Ruohao , Liang Jiahao , Wang Hepeng , Luo Yuqing , Zhou Sicen , Li Hailin , Wang Zhouti , Gao Pingqi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNumerous efforts are devoted to reducing the defects at perovskite surface and/or grain boundary; however, the grown‐in defects inside grain is rarely studied. Here, the influence of cooling rate on the point defects concentration in polycrystalline perovskite film during heat treatment processing is investigated. With the combination of theoretical and experimental studies, this work reveals that the supersaturated point defects in perovskite films generate during the cooling process and its concentration improves as the cooling rate increases. The supersaturated point defects can be minimized through slowing the cooling rate. As a result, the optimized FAPbI3 polycrystalline films achieve a superior carrier lifetime of up to 12.6 µs and improved stability. The champion device delivers a 25.47% PCE (certified 24.7%) and retain 90% of their initial value after >1100 h of operation at the maximum power point. These results provide a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of grown‐in defects formation in polycrystalline perovskite film.
Bond Formation at Polycarbonate | X Interfaces (X = Al2O3, TiO2, TiAlO2) Studied by Theory and Experiments
Authors: Patterer Lena , Ondračka Pavel , Bogdanovski Dimitri , Mráz Stanislav , Pöllmann Peter J. , Karimi Aghda Soheil , Vašina Petr , Schneider Jochen M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInterfacial bond formation during sputter deposition of metal‐oxide thin films onto polycarbonate (PC) is investigated by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of PC|X interfaces (X = Al2O3, TiO2, TiAlO2). Generally, the predicted bond formation is consistent with the experimental data. For all three interfaces, the majority of bonds identified by XPS are (C─O)─metal bonds, whereas C─metal bonds are the minority. Compared to the PC|Al2O3 interface, the PC|TiO2 and PC|TiAlO2 interfaces exhibit a reduction in the measured interfacial bond density by 75 and ∼65%, respectively. Multiplying the predicted bond strength with the corresponding experimentally determined interfacial bond density shows that Al2O3 exhibits the strongest interface with PC, while TiO2 and TiAlO2 exhibit ∼70 and ∼60% weaker interfaces, respectively. This can be understood by considering the complex interplay between the metal‐oxide composition, the bond strength, and the population of bonds formed across the interface.
High‐Throughput Microfluidic 3D Outer Blood‐Retinal Barrier Model in a 96‐Well Format: Analysis of Cellular Interactions and Barrier Function in Retinal Health and Disease
Authors: Kim Jiho , Song Youngsook , Jolly Amber L. , Hwang Taeseon , Kim Suryong , Lee Byungjun , Jang Jinhwan , Jo Dong Hyun , Baek Kyusuk , Liu Tsung‐Li , Yoo Sanghee , Jeon Noo Li 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNumerous diseases, including age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), arise from the blood‐retinal barrier and blood vessel abnormalities in the eye; unfortunately, there is a lack of reliable in vitro models for their systematic study. This study describes a high‐throughput microphysiological system (MPS) designed to model the outer Blood‐Retinal Barrier (oBRB). The MPS platform is engineered to integrate seamlessly with high‐content screening technologies, utilizing a design with a single oBRB model incorporating RPE (retina pigment epithelial cells) and endothelial cell co‐culture to fit within a single 96‐well. Arranged in the standard 96‐well plate format, the platform allows high‐throughput assessment of barrier integrity through 3D confocal imaging (ZO‐1 staining), Trans Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER), and permeability measurements. The oBRB model enables the investigation of crosstalk among different cell types in co‐culture. This includes assessing changes in the barrier integrity of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) monolayer and investigating neovascularization events resulting from endothelial cell remodeling. The platform is positioned for utility in drug discovery and development efforts targeting diseases involving oBRB damage and choroidal neovascularization, such as age‐related macular degeneration.
Large Electro‐Optic Coefficient in Single‐Domain PIN‐PMN‐PT Single Crystal
Authors: Liu Xin , Li Fangbing , Li Jingwei , Tan Peng , Lei Jing , Zhao Weigang , Song Kexin , Zheng Huaibin , Tian Hao , Li Fei , Wei Xiaoyong , Xu Zhuo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDue to the excellent shear‐mode piezoelectric properties, single‐domain tetragonal Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3‐Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐PbTiO3 (PIN‐PMN‐PT) crystals are believed to possess giant electro‐optic (EO) coefficients as well. However, the EO properties of single‐domain PIN‐PMN‐PT crystals have not been systematically studied because of the difficulties in the single‐domain sample preparation. Here, by this newly developed orthogonal poling method, single‐domain tetragonal PIN‐PMN‐39PT crystals are successfully obtained by poling the sample along the non‐spontaneous polarization direction at room temperature. Optical grade crystal with good transparency and high EO coefficient component γ51 (≈2800 pm V−1) is achieved. The orientation dependence of the EO coefficient is analyzed based on the measured full matrix of the EO coefficients. This work confirms the giant EO performance of domain‐engineered PIN‐PMN‐PT single crystals mainly comes from the contribution of EO coefficient component γ51 of single domain crystal other than the domain wall or domain switching related mechanisms.
Non‐Covalent Iron‐Armored Chain Horse: A Strategy Leading to Highly Efficient Deep‐Blue Room Temperature Phosphorescence
Authors: Gu Ting , Wang Tai , Wu Tongyue , Li Xiaoyu , Huang Jianbin , Xiao Yunlong , Yan Yun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe iron‐armored chain horse is a military strategy in ancient China to enhance the combat force of the entire army, especially when individual fighters are vulnerable to being picked off one by one. Herein, this strategy is adopted to generate highly efficient metal‐free blue room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) using the world's largest production of dicarboxylate acid. By encapsulating the commercially available chemical disodium terephthalate (DTPA) within the iron armor of α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD), and subsequently linking the iron‐armored DTPA@α‐CD horses into a crystalline array mediated by hydrogen bonds and Na+ coordination, a highly confined and segregated arrangement of DTPA is achieved, leading to heavy atom‐free deep‐blue phosphorescence with a maximum efficiency of 83.3%. Since the crystalline array of the iron‐armored chain horse DTPA@α‐CD can be facilely obtained through water evaporation, the current phosphorescent material allows for rapid, high‐throughput solution processing of deep‐blue afterglow display, offering an economic and environmentally benign approach for deep‐blue RTP materials and facilitating their application.
Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Combining Thick Inorganic Perovskite Hole Transport Layers and Ultrathin Emitting Layers
Authors: Forzatti Michele , Chin Sang‐Hyun , Hernández‐Fenollosa M Angeles , Sessolo Michele , Tordera Daniel , Bolink Henk J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOrganic light‐emitting diodes have a huge gain in popularity over the past 25 years for display and lighting applications, but the production of low‐cost efficient devices remains a challenge. OLEDs using sub‐nanometer undoped emissive layers are a route to fabricate cost‐effective devices but, as they are inherently thin, it opens to issues with variation in thickness and shunting paths. At the same time, lead chloride perovskites are currently being investigated as charge transport materials in light‐emitting devices owing to their wide bandgap, and remarkable high carrier mobility. In this work, for the first time, OLEDs that combine vacuum‐processed thick cesium lead chloride perovskite hole transport layers with ultrathin Ir complex‐based emissive layers are reported. Defects on the perovskite film are suppressed and the thickness of the emitting layer is optimized. Semitransparent devices are also fabricated with an average visible transmittance of over 50%. The results show extraordinarily thick devices (>1 µm) with low turn‐on voltage (3.3 V), high luminance (>15 000 cd m−2) and efficiencies (up to 54.1 cd A−1), and a negligible efficiency roll‐off in the display applications luminance region.
Oxidative Synthesis of 1,3‐Diarylphenanthro[9,10‐c]thiophenes and their Aerobic Photoconversion to 9,10‐Diaroylphenanthrenes
Authors: Sankarrao Mahanthi , Maddala Sudhakar , Parthasarathy Venkatakrishnan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOur study introduces a streamlined oxidative method for synthesizing 1,3‐diarylphenanthro[9,10‐c]thiophenes, and their subsequent oxidative cleavage to yield 9,10‐diaroylphenanthrenes. Harnessing an optimized aerobic photochemical transformation, we showcase broad substrate scope and tolerance to various photosensitive functional groups. Our mechanistic investigations unveil the pivotal role of singlet oxygen, providing intriguing insights into the reaction pathway. The synthesized 9,10‐diaroylphenanthrenes serve as versatile building blocks for nitrogen‐containing heterocycles, dibenzoannulated phthalazines, that are promising compounds with diverse functionalities. Offering mild conditions, and broad applicability, our synthetic strategy is useful for organic synthesis and chemical biology exploration.
Metabolic Profiling of Cochlear Organoids Identifies α‐Ketoglutarate and NAD+ as Limiting Factors for Hair Cell Reprogramming
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhang Linqing , Chen Zhen , He Yihan , Huang Yuhang , Qiu Cui , Zhu Chengwen , Zhou Danxia , Gan Zhenji , Gao Xia , Wan Guoqiang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCochlear hair cells are the sensory cells responsible for transduction of acoustic signals. In mammals, damaged hair cells do not regenerate, resulting in permanent hearing loss. Reprogramming of the surrounding supporting cells to functional hair cells represent a novel strategy to hearing restoration. However, cellular processes governing the efficient and functional hair cell reprogramming are not completely understood. Employing the mouse cochlear organoid system, detailed metabolomic characterizations of the expanding and differentiating organoids are performed. It is found that hair cell differentiation is associated with increased mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) activity and reactive oxidative species generation. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses indicate reduced expression of oxidoreductases and tricyclic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. The metabolic decoupling between ETC and TCA cycle limits the availability of the key metabolic cofactors, α‐ketoglutarate (α‐KG) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). Reduced expression of NAD+ in cochlear supporting cells by PGC1α deficiency further impairs hair cell reprogramming, while supplementation of α‐KG and NAD+ promotes hair cell reprogramming both in vitro and in vivo. These findings reveal metabolic rewiring as a central cellular process during hair cell differentiation, and highlight the insufficiency of key metabolites as a metabolic barrier for efficient hair cell reprogramming.
Biodegradable Ruthenium‐Rhenium Complexes Containing Nanoamplifiers: Triggering ROS‐Induced CO Release for Synergistic Cancer Treatment
Authors: Liu Aijie , Huang Zhenkun , Du Xiangfu , Duvva Naresh , Du Yuting , Teng Zihao , Liao Zhihuan , Liu Chen , Tian Haining , Huo Shuaidong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe constrained effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) has impeded its widespread use in clinical practice. Urgent efforts are needed to address the shortcomings faced in photodynamic therapy, such as photosensitizer toxicity, short half‐life, and limited action range of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, a biodegradable copolymer nanoamplifier is reported that contains ruthenium complex (Ru‐complex) as photosensitizer (PS) and rhenium complex (Re‐complex) as carbon monoxide (CO)‐release molecule (CORM). The well‐designed nanoamplifier brings PS and CORM into close spatial proximity, significantly promotes the utilization of light‐stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cascaded amplifying CO release, thus enabling an enhanced synergistic effect of PDT and gas therapy for cancer treatment. Moreover, owing to its intrinsic photodegradable nature, the nanoamplifier exhibits good tumor accumulation and penetration ability, and excellent biocompatibility in vivo. These findings suggest that the biodegradable cascaded nanoamplifiers pave the way for a synergistic and clinically viable integration of photodynamic and gas therapy.
Revolutionary Energy Harvesting: Gravity‐Driven Piezocatalysts for Sustainable Hydrogen Production in MoS2@Mo2CTx Systems
Authors: Lin Hsun‐Yen , Wu Jyh Ming 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydrogen (H2) is mainly produced using steam methane reforming, electrolysis, and gasification, which require external energy and special catalysts. A new catalyst by combining MoS2 nanoflowers (NFs) with metal carbide/nitride nanosheets (Mo2CTx MXene) to create a nanosheet bending moment. The MoS2@Mo2CTx heterostructures achieve a production rate of 1164.8 µmol g−1 h−1 under an application of mechanical force, 4.01 and 3.06 times higher than Mo2CTx and MoS2 alone, due to enhanced charge transfer from MoS2's piezoelectricity and Mo2CTx's conductivity. This study introduces a pioneering methodology that harnesses gravitational energy as a continuous mechanical force, simulated using a peristaltic pump, to drive the piezocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), achieving a notable hydrogen production rate of 454.1 µmol g−1 over 24 hours and demonstrating a sustained capability for hydrogen generation. The theoretical calculation results validate the piezoelectric potential in water‐flow‐pressure triggered HER systems. The piezocatalytic HER system, assuming powered by the Hoover Dam, will produce 290.9 kmoles of hydrogen per ton daily, equivalent to utilizing 19 150 kWh of energy in the electrocatalytic system. The simulated gravity‐driven water flow using MoS2@Mo2CTx piezocatalysts for H2 generation demonstrates superior efficiency by eliminating common thermal energy conversion losses, marking a significant breakthrough in sustainable hydrogen production technologies.