Abstract LB-351: Evaluation of two engineered antibody fragments derived from a human CD20 antibody as tracers for immunoPET .
Authors: Gudas Jean , Olafsen Tove , Ho David , Bartlett Derek , Lipman Arye , Gudas Jean , Sorenson Katy , Keppler Jennifer , Behrenbruch Christian , Wu Anna , Ashworth Sharon , Passchier Jan , Gunn Roger , Matthews Paul 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Background: CD20 is a cell surface antigen that is expressed on the majority of B-cell lymphomas and B-cell leukemias. Several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including the fully human IgG1, Ofatumumab, have been used successfully to target human CD20. Ofatumumab is FDA-approved for the treatment of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and under ongoing clinical development for other hematological malignancies and autoimmune diseases. In this study Ofatumumab was engineered into smaller fragments including a minibody (scFv-CH3; 80kDa) and a cys-diabody (scFv dimer; 50kDa) to enhance pharmacokinetic parameters and optimize possible application for immunoPET imaging.
Methods: The variable (V) genes of Ofatumumab were reformatted into two minibodies (Mb) and four cys-diabodies (Cys-Db), differing in orientation of the V genes and linker lengths. Following in vitro characterization of each variant, a lead candidate from each format was produced at larger scale for in vivo evaluation. Ofatumumab, Mb and Cys-Db were radioiodinated with I-131 (t1/2 8d) for biodistribution and I-124 (t1/2 4.2d) for PET imaging studies using the Iodogen method. Female SCID mice bearing Ramos (CD20+) and BC-1 (CD20−) tumors were used. Blocking studies were performed by pre-injecting 0.2-1mg of unlabeled Ofatumumab 24h prior to imaging. The percent injected dose per gram (%ID/g) was determined in harvested tumor, blood and organs.
Results: The lead Cys-Db and Mb were shown to have similar binding affinity (0.8 nM) to that of the parental Ofatumumab. Receptor specific binding was confirmed by competitive cell binding assays using both fluorophore-conjugated and radiolabeled antibody fragments. Blood clearances resulted in MRTs of 3.8h, 8.3h and 24.9h for Cys-Db, Mb and Ofatumumab, respectively. Due to its slower initial distribution, the Mb had a higher blood AUC (306%ID/g*h) than that of Ofatumumab (234% ID/g*h) and Cys-Db (102% ID/g*h). Biodistribution studies of Ofatumumab revealed significant uptake in spleen, bone and liver, which was attributed to Fc-mediated clearance as this was not observed with the antibody fragments. Imaging studies with Mb and Cys-Db showed clear delineation of Ramos xenografts; 1.3% ID/g Cys-Db at 8h and 2.7% ID/g Mb at 24h. This resulted in a tumor to blood ratio of 1.7 for the Cys-Db at 8h and 1.1 for the Mb at 24h. Prior administration of excess unlabeled Ofatumumab reduced tumor uptake of the
Cys-Db by 50% at 8h and decreased uptake of the Mb by 17% at 24h.
Conclusion: Our preliminary results show that antibody fragments derived from Ofatumumab can be used to target CD20 positive cells in vitro and in vivo. The favorable pharmacokinetics of the Cys-Db resulted in higher tumor to blood ratios at 8h and 24h compared to the Mb or Ofatumumab and support the further development of this fragment as a CD20-targeted immunoPET agent.
Citation Format: Jean Gudas, Tove Olafsen, David Ho, Derek Bartlett, Arye Lipman, Jean Gudas, Katy Sorenson, Jennifer Keppler, Christian Behrenbruch, Anna Wu, Sharon Ashworth, Jan Passchier, Roger Gunn, Paul Matthews. Evaluation of two engineered antibody fragments derived from a human CD20 antibody as tracers for immunoPET . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-351. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-351