bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching the Transformative Agenda of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Authors: MacNaughton Gillian , Frey Diane 
Published: October 2015

Neoliberalism has dominated the world for over three decades and now permeates our laws, policies and practices at the international, national and local levels. The International Monetary Fund, the World Trade Organization, the European Union, the United States and China all support trade liberalization, privatization of public services and the primacy of markets over people. Indeed, neoliberalism has become so ingrained that it has become invisible and many of us no longer notice when new agendas conflict with international human rights laws and principles to which almost all countries in the world have committed themselves. Adopted in 1948, immediately after World War II, to implement one of the four goals of the new United Nations Organization, the norms and aspirations elaborated in the UDHR provide a framework for a radically different world than the one we have today. In this article, we revisit the content of the UDHR, beginning with the right to a social and international order in which everyone’s rights can be realized, and consider other key provisions that conflict with neoliberalism, including the rights to the benefits of science, to full employment and decent work, to progressive realization of free higher education, to nondiscrimination on the grounds of economic status and to solidarity. We also share some activities that we use in the classroom and online to make the transformative agenda of the UDHR visible to students and demonstrate how far we have strayed from the aspiration of a world in which everyone enjoys their human rights. The article concludes that teaching a holistic vision of the UDHR in a neoliberal world is a radical human rights curriculum.
Teaching the History of Human Rights and "Humanitarian" Interventions
Authors: Nolan Mary 
Published: October 2015

This article explores how I teach about human rights and so-called humanitarian interventions to MA and Ph.D. students. The course has three main themes or foci. First, what are human rights and why have the social and economic human rights laid out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights been so neglected or rejected, especially by the U.S. Second, how has American foreign policy used and abused human rights. Third, why have liberal or humanitarian interventions of a militarized sort become so prevalent since the end of the Cold War and why are they so damaging. The goal is to get students to look critically at the meaning and uses of human rights, about which many display a naive enthusiasm.
Poor pronoun systems and what they teach us
Authors: Harbour Daniel 
Published: October 2015

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>The world’s smallest pronoun systems can eschew any of the following contrasts: (i) author–nonauthor, (ii) participant–nonparticipant, (iii) singular–nonsingular. This supports the view that features are mutually independent parameters (Harbour 2011a, 2014a, 2014b), but is problematic for Koeneman and Zeijlstra’s (2014) recent reworking of the Rich Agreement Hypothesis, which is predicated on the claim that (i)–(iii) are universally obligatory. </span></p></div></div></div>
A Subject Clitic in Child Catalan
Authors: Gavarró Anna 
Published: October 2015

In this paper we examine an instance of subject cliticisation in child Catalan previously unattested in the literature (1),. Given the lack of an adult counterpart to (1) in the input the child is exposed to, the claim is made that its occurrence, far from being accidental, must result from deep properties of grammar, also detectable in other Romance varieties. <dl> <dt>(1)<dd>M'he vist una pel.lícula. (Lena, 5;9)<br> 1sCL have seen a film<br> 'I have seen a film.' </dl> This subject clitic is sensitive to the presence of a person feature - it is limited to first person singular - and tense-sensitive - it is only found in the present perfect. The subject clitic is analysed as a means to identify the empty subject of the sentence in cases where incorporation of be to yield have is taking place, along the lines of Kayne (1993). The analysis extends to also previously unattested existential constructions found in child Catalan, which involve instances of <em>be</em> instead of <em>have (Hi era un caçador instead of Hi havia un caçador </em>'There was a hunter' (Joan 3;5)) , but not vice-versa.
Litt fra bokhøsten 2001
Authors: Wærp Henning Howlid 
Published: October 2015

Anmeldelser av:Laila Stien: SvømmetakNoveller. Tiden norsk forlag 2001Yngve Pedersen: Lysning ForelderOktober 2002, 46 s.Odd W. Surén: Dråper i havet, Aschehoug 1998, 166 s. Kometenes øyeblikk, Aschehoug 2001, 283 s.
Le mage comme métaphore de l'écrivain: le cas de Joséphin Péladan
Authors: Gardini Michela 
Published: October 2015

Joséphin Péladan, author of Décadence Latine and also founder of the Rose+Croix du Temple et du Graal Confraternity, represents from various angles the symbol of that cultural atmosphere which characterizes the end of the nineteenth century. As he stigmatizes the moral and cultural decline of his contemporaries, Péladan creates the character of Mérodack the Magus, described as a supreme being that arises above the bourgeois mediocrity and who, thanks to a self-sublimation process based on will-power, according to the outlook already traced by Eliphas Lévi, not only can redeem himself, but also can show the direction for a shared redemption. However, as a matter of fact, the solipsistic and narcissistic attitude of the Magus ends by overwhelming any social temptation. In this path which shows preferential connections between literature and occultism, the Magus, former other self of the author, his double in the mirror, as their physical resemblance and the interchange of names prove, rises to the metaphor of the writer: both committed to a self-referring dimension, they transgress the bourgeois rules of productivity by changing magic and writing into an ascesis, a self-commemorative operation only consecrated to the ego. This idea of magic, conceived as a metaphor of writing as well, as a hermetic and mystic operation appears, in conclusion as the utmost accomplishment, daintily decadent, of Mallarmé's poetry conception, just a supreme act, which is to find the reason of his own existence solely in itself.
Fem anmeldelser
Authors: Engelskjøn Ragnhild , Wærp Henning Howlid , Utnes Astrid , Stokke Elin 
Published: October 2015

Magnhild Bruheim: Varlset; Liv Marit Idsø og Anne Marie Seem: Midt i jakta og Liv H Willumsen: Havmannens datter. Regine Normann - et livsløp, anmeldt av Ragnhild EngelskjønTore Hoel: Trygve Gulbranssen og kritikken, anmeldt av Henning Howlid WærpHarald Bache-Wiig: Nye veier til barneboka, anmeldt av Astrid UtnesOlav Solberg: Tekst møter tekst. Kristin Lavransdatter og mellomalderen, anmeldt av Elin Stokke
Platsens sanning. Performativitet och gränsdragningar i tornedalsk litteraturhistoria och grammatik
Authors: Heith Anne 
Published: October 2015

The language Meänkieli is an official minority language in Sweden since the year 2000. The acknowledgement of the existence of historical linguistic minorities reflects the fact that Sweden has always been a multiethnic and multilingual space. Long before the present day borders were established there were Sami people and Finno-Ugric groups of people in the northernmost parts of Scandinavia. Since a couple of decades the cultural mobilization among the Swedish Tornedalians has been intensified. Publishing houses which publish in Meänkieli (previously called Tornedalian Finnish) have been established. Furthermore there are conscious attempts at constructing a literary tradition and at producing grammar books of Meänkieli. In 2007 the first volume of a Tornedalian literary history co-authored by Bengt Pohjanen and Kirsti Johansson was published, Den tornedalsfinska litteraturen. Från Kexi till Liksom. Two years later a second volume, Den tornedalsfinska litteraturen. Från Kalkkimaa till Hilja Byström, was published. Both volumes performatively construct a specific Tornedalian literary tradition which is distinguished from a Swedish national tradition. This may be interpreted as a deconstruction of notions of a homogeneous Swedish nation through the production of local truths which challenge culturally homogenizing nation-building.
Tromsø som samisk by? – Språkideologier og medienes rolle i språkdebatten
Authors: Hiss Florian 
Published: October 2015

This article presents a critical analysis of the discursive practices in the public debate on Sámi language in Tromsø. The conflict around the political plan of Tromsø municipality to join the administrative area for the Sámi language lasted for about one year and was largely carried out in the local newspapers, which had established themselves as an arena and broker in the conflict. The focus of this study is, on the one hand, on the role of the media in the debate and, on the other hand, on the socially constructed relations between Sámi and Norwegian language and social meanings, which get expressed in a highly ideological picture of language and local identity and form the ground for the language conflict. The analytic strategy is twofold: as a first step, the study focuses on the reproduction of language ideologies in letters to the editor and readers’ contributions to the local papers’ discussion pages. The identification of the three semiotic processes of iconization (rhematization), fractal recursivity, and erasure reveals how the writers’ expressions of opinion are anchored in a language ideology that connects Sámi language with certain social values and ignores a larger linguistic and cultural diversity in the town of Tromsø. As a second step, the analysis explores the journalistic treatment of the multitude of conflicting voices in the debate and critically sheds light on the construction of a journalistic voice. Although the journalists claim to construe a seemingly neutral ground for their reports (or independent comments), the analysis shows that journalists use the representation of various voices in their texts to construe a positioned, evaluating, and ideologically anchored journalistic voice. In face of the highly ideological character of the language debate in Tromsø, I argue that local journalism has failed in countering the ideological picture of language and society through information and independent journalism.
The Elephant in the Room: A Place for Wikipedia in Higher Education?
Authors: Brox Hilde 
Published: October 2015

The article departs from a pilot survey among Norwegian teacher students that maps their usage, skills and attitudes in relation to the web based encyclopedia Wikipedia. The survey shows that the students are heavy users of Wikipedia content yet show a low level of knowledge as to how content is constructed or the ways in which Wikipedia differs from traditional, paper-based encyclopedias. The students also express little interest in parttaking in creating content or maintaining the site. The second part of the article argues that a way to remedy both lack of knowledge and interest among students is to bring Wikipedia actively into the classrooms and enable students to take part in creating and maintaining Wikipedia content. This way, Wikipedia may serve as an effective tool with which to address and enhance a range of central 21st century skills.
Den stulna myten: Samtida speglingar av antiken
Authors: Jackson Peter 
Published: October 2015

<em>The Stolen Myth: Contemporary Reflections of Antiquity</em>. Proceeding from Roland Barthes’ debunking of ”Romans on film” in the now classical collection <em>Mythologies</em> from 1956, this paper attempts to scrutinize certain popular notions about Greek Antiquity as resulting from so-called hypercorrections of the past. A recent exhibition of reconstructed polychrome statues and reliefs from Classical Antiquity (<em>White Lies</em>), and the Hollywood blockbuster movie <em>Troy</em>, are seen as indicative of this hypercorrecting urge. The arguments goes that such versions of the past – while still being symptomatic of an emergent historical consciousness – suffer from a lacking appreciation of the categories ‘myth’ and ‘history’ in their pre-modern relationship of dynamic complementarity.
Til tross for økt satsning via Opptrappingsplanen, er produksjonen per fagårsverk marginalt endret innen norsk psykiatri
Authors: Waagø-Hansen Clas 
Published: October 2015

<p class="Toverskrift3">Abstract</p><p><strong><em>Despite an increase in resources through the national psychiatric Escalation plan, Norwegian psychiatry has only seen a marginally change in productivity per clinician</em></strong><em>.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Background</em></strong><em>: When an evaluation of the national Norwegian psychiatric Escalation plan was carried out, the conclusion was that the Norwegian Parliaments demand of a 50% increase in productivity had been achieved. The number of treated patients went from 476 000 to 1,1 million a year over a 10 year period. What wasn’t highlighted was the fact that the actual number of clinicians also almost doubled. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the accessible resources within Norwegian psychiatry was utilized, and from a society’s point of view, is it possible to achieve a true increase in productivity through better management of available resources. </em></p><p><strong><em>Method</em></strong><em>: For the analysis of resources used, the cost analytical tool TDABC was chosen. Data used was obtained from The Norwegian Directorate of Health, Statistics Norway and a hospital trust. Clinicians at several sites were interviewed in person, and 235 clinicians completed a web-based survey in order to gain insight in an ordinary clinical working day.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results</em></strong><em>: The findings consistently indicate low productivity on a national level within hospitals. This study investigated 95 062 outpatient consultations in the mentioned Trust, and on average 75% of the working hours were not used on face-to-face patient consultations. Further, available resources were not optimally utilized, patient related outcomes were not used as a tool to adapt/tailor service offered and low productivity has on a national level gained acceptance. The national hospital productivity was on average 38% compared to the productivity by out of hospital practitioners financed by the state. These state financed practitioners have a cost rate of approximately 14%-21% compared to practitioners in hospitals.</em></p><p><strong><em>Implications</em></strong><em>: If the issues highlighted in this study are addressed, the productivity within Norwegian psychiatry should be able to meet and excel the demands set forth by the Norwegian Parliament. Such an outcome would require appropriate management on all levels within the service.</em></p>
Contribution of nitrogen to the photoinduced deformation of amorphous carbon nitride films
Authors: Harata Tomo , Aono Masami , Kitazawa Nobuaki , Watanabe Yoshihisa 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Amorphous carbon nitride (a-CN
x
) films show photoinduced deformation under visible light illumination. To investigate the effect of nitrogen on this deformation, we compared the deformation of a-CN
x
films with that of nitrogen-free amorphous carbon films. The films were deposited on a rectangular ultrathin Si substrate to obtain the amount of deformation estimated from the bending curvature of the substrate. The amount of photoinduced deformation was increased by nitrogen incorporation. In the case of a nitrogen concentration (N/C) of 0.3, the deformation was under the detection limit of our apparatus. By detailed analysis of chemical bonding states, the amount of deformation was found to increase with increasing N/C ratio and N–sp3C/N–sp2C ratio, which increased with increasing nitrogen content. Furthermore, from the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it is found that the photoinduced deformation occurred through the formation of triple bonds as the termination structures related to nitrogen and chain bonds.
Spectral response, carrier lifetime, and photocurrents of SiC photocathodes
Authors: Kato Masashi , Miyake Keiko , Yasuda Tomonari , Ichimura Masaya , Hatayama Tomoaki , Ohshima Takeshi 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) photocathode is one of the candidates for energy conversion from the solar light to hydrogen gas. The conversion efficiencies using SiC photocathodes are still low for practical use. In this study, to find origins of low conversion efficiency, we evaluated carrier lifetimes and depletion layer widths in SiC photocathodes and examined relationship of them with photocurrents. In addition, we observed spectral response of the photocurrents from the photocathodes. From these results, we found that enhancement of the carrier lifetime and the depletion layer width is effective for increase of the conversion efficiency for 4H- and 6H-SiC. 3C-SiC would have defects reducing the effective carrier lifetime, and thus decrease of such defects is essential for increase of the conversion efficiency using 3C-SiC.
Recent freshening of the East Australian Current and its eddies
Authors: Rykova Tatiana , Oke Peter R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe East Australian Current (EAC) has a relatively weak mean flow and an energetic eddy field that dominates the circulation. The properties of the mean flow have been studied in detail, but the changes in the eddy field have received little attention. We analyze Argo temperature and salinity profiles for 2005–2012 to construct a picture of the time‐mean and time‐varying properties of EAC eddies. We find that eddies and the surrounding waters of the western Tasman Sea are freshening at a rate of 0.017–0.025 practical salinity unit/yr over the top 100 m, with no significant temperature change. Consistent with the observations, fields from an eddy‐resolving ocean model show freshening, with no temperature trend. Moreover, the model results indicate that observed changes are significant in the context of the variability over the last 20 years and may be part of a multiyear (perhaps decadal) cycle. We attribute the freshening of the region to increased precipitation off Eastern Australia.
Variability in magnitude of paleoearthquakes revealed by trenching and historical records, along the Haiyuan Fault, China
Authors: Liu‐Zeng Jing , Shao Yanxiu , Klinger Yann , Xie Kejia , Yuan Daoyuang , Lei Zhongsheng 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPaleoseismology provides fundamental data for generalizing earthquake recurrence behavior, by revealing past surface‐rupturing events. Determining the size of paleoseismic events is notoriously more challenging than their timing. Paleoearthquakes exposed in trenches are vaguely defined as large enough to break to the surface and often assumed to be similar in size. Here we show an example where the paleoseismic record includes events of both moderate and large magnitudes. At the Salt Lake site on the active left‐lateral Haiyuan Fault, northern Tibetan Plateau, a high‐resolution stratigraphic sequence recorded three and possibly four events since A.D. 1500, constrained by accelerator mass spectrometry14C dating. Historical accounts of earthquake damage in the study region suggest that several earthquakes exposed in the trenches markedly differ in magnitude. With the exception of the most recentM~8 earthquake that occurred in A.D. 1920, two earlier events, which occurred in A.D. 1760 (or 1709) and 1638, respectively, are considerably smaller, with magnitudeM < 7 and more likelyM~6 or less. Thus, this section of the Haiyuan Fault that broke during moderate‐magnitude events failed again after a short interval during a largeMw7.8–8.3 earthquake, as part of a larger multisegment rupture. Our study shows that moderate‐magnitude events can be preserved in the stratigraphy and exposed by paleoseismic trenching under ideal conditions, for instance, if sedimentation is fast enough and there is no hiatus in deposition. Eventually, the data presented add to the growing body of paleoseismic records containing events of different magnitudes with a large variability in rupture length and coseismic slip.
Universal scaling of the formation factor in clays: Example from the Nankai Trough
Authors: Daigle Hugh , Ghanbarian Behzad , Henry Pierre , Conin Marianne 
Published: October 2015

AbstractElectrical conductivity is a fundamental characteristic describing how strongly a network opposes flow of electrical current. In fully water‐saturated porous media the conductivity, represented by the formation factor, is mainly controlled by porosity, connectivity of the conducting phases, and the tortuosity of electrical current paths. Previous work has shown that universal scaling derived from percolation and effective medium theories accurately describes the relationship between formation factor and porosity when the percolation threshold is taken account, as well as the porosity value at which the scaling switches from percolation theory to effective medium theory. We determined the formation factor in clay‐rich sediments based on cation exchange capacity measurements on samples from five scientific ocean drilling sites in the Nankai Trough. We then compared the results to predictions from universal scaling after determining the volume of clay‐bound water and the percolation threshold. We found that the previously reported universal scaling relations hold in these clay‐rich sediments once the corrections are made for the clay‐bound water and that percolation scaling appears to be valid over the entire range of observed porosities, probably due to relatively broad pore size distributions or low pore system connectivity. Our results show that universal scaling can be applied to describe the porosity dependence of the formation factor in clay‐rich sediments when appropriate corrections are made for the presence of clay‐bound water.
Earthquake rupture process recreated from a natural fault surface
Authors: Parsons Tom , Minasian Diane L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWhat exactly happens on the rupture surface as an earthquake nucleates, spreads, and stops? We cannot observe this directly, and models depend on assumptions about physical conditions and geometry at depth. We thus measure a natural fault surface and use its 3‐D coordinates to construct a replica at 0.1 m resolution to obviate geometry uncertainty. We can recreate stick‐slip behavior on the resulting finite element model that depends solely on observed fault geometry. We clamp the fault together and apply steady state tectonic stress until seismic slip initiates and terminates. Our recreatedM ~ 1 earthquake initiates at contact points where there are steep surface gradients because infinitesimal lateral displacements reduce clamping stress most efficiently there. Unclamping enables accelerating slip to spread across the surface, but the fault soon jams up because its uneven, anisotropic shape begins to juxtapose new high‐relief sticking points. These contacts would ultimately need to be sheared off or strongly deformed before another similar earthquake could occur. Our model shows that an important role is played by fault‐wall geometry, although we do not include effects of varying fluid pressure or exotic rheologies on the fault surfaces. We extrapolate our results to large fault systems using observed self‐similarity properties and suggest that larger ruptures might begin and end in a similar way, although the scale of geometrical variation in fault shape that can arrest a rupture necessarily scales with magnitude. In other words, fault segmentation may be a magnitude‐dependent phenomenon and could vary with each subsequent rupture.