bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Search for genetic modifiers of IRF6 and genotype–phenotype correlations in Van der Woude and popliteal pterygium syndromes
Authors: Leslie Elizabeth J. , Mancuso Jennifer L. , Schutte Brian C. , Cooper Margaret E. , Durda Kate M. , L'Heureux Jamie , Zucchero Theresa M. , Marazita Mary L. , Murray Jeffrey C. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTVan der Woude syndrome is the most common form of syndromic orofacial clefting, accounting for 1–2% of all patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate. Van der Woude and popliteal pterygium syndromes are caused by mutations in IRF6, but phenotypic variability within and among families with either syndrome suggests that other genetic factors contribute to the phenotypes. The aim of this study was to identify common variants acting as genetic modifiers of IRF6 as well as genotype–phenotype correlations based on mutation type and location. We identified an association between mutations in the DNA‐binding domain of IRF6 and limb defects (including pterygia). Although we did not detect formally significant associations with the genes tested, borderline associations suggest several genes that could modify the VWS phenotype, including FOXE1, TGFB3, and TFAP2A. Some of these genes are hypothesized to be part of the IRF6 gene regulatory network and may suggest additional genes for future study when larger sample sizes are also available. We also show that families with the Van de Woude phenotype but in whom no mutations have been identified have a lower frequency of cleft lip, suggesting there may be locus and/or mutation class differences in Van de Woude syndrome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Observer‐based scheme for the control of high order systems with two unstable poles plus time delay
Authors: Novella Rodríguez David Fernando , del Muro‐Cuéllar Basilio , Sename Olivier 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper deals with the problem of the stabilization and control of linear time invariant high order systems with two unstable real poles plus time delay. A simple observer‐based controller is designed in order to achieve a stable behavior of the closed‐loop system. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the proposed control structure are stated. Hence, only four proportional gains and the model of the plant are enough to obtain a stable response of the delayed system. Moreover, a robustness analysis is presented in order to compute the maximal uncertainty bound accepted for the delay term. In addition, a two degree of freedom proportional‐integral control action is implemented in order to track step references and to reject step disturbances. The achieved performance of the proposed control strategy is illustrated by mean of numerical simulations. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of combined pretreatment of quadrol and anhydrous ionic liquid microemulsion on the physicochemical property of masson pine
Authors: Li Long , Yang Ren‐dang , Liu De‐tao , Yang Fei 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe physical properties of laboratory‐prepared anhydrous ionic liquid microemulsion, including quasi‐ternary phase diagram, conductivity, surface tension, and simulating graph of a microscopic particle system were investigated to maintain the optimum ratio of CTAB (Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium Bromide) and n‐butyl alcohol at 1/24 to 1/12. The microemulsion region can reach a maximum of 75% at lower temperatures. We constructed a combined pretreatment of quadrol and anhydrous ionic liquid microemulsion on masson pine powder and analyzed its properties by Fourier‐transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis‐derivative thermogravimetry, XRD (X‐ray diffraction), and scanning electron microscope. Results showed that hemicellulose and a noncrystalline region in cellulose were disrupted effectively after pretreatment. Relative crystallinity increased from 35.8 to 49.8. A few crystalline structures of cellulose I were recrystallized and then transformed to cellulose II as indicated by IR, XRD, and DTG results. Thermostability decreased, and the region with a main thermal weight loss at 375°C shifted to the region with a lower temperature at 310°C. The yield of glucose can reach to 78.2%, which is 2.2 times than that of untreated powder; the combined pretreatment is an effective method to promote the development of bio‐energy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39794.
Brazilian wetlands: their definition, delineation, and classification for research, sustainable management, and protection
Authors: Junk W. J. , Piedade M. T. F. , Lourival R. , Wittmann F. , Kandus P. , Lacerda L. D. , Bozelli R. L. , Esteves F. A. , Nunes da Cunha C. , Maltchik L. , Schöngart J. , Schaeffer‐Novelli Y. , Agostinho A. A. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACT

Although 20% of Brazilian territory is covered by wetlands, wetland inventories are still incomplete. In 1993, Brazil signed the Ramsar Convention but a coherent national policy for the sustainable management and protection of wetlands has yet to be established.
Major gaps in the definition of a specific wetland policy are twofold: (1) the lack of standardized criteria by which wetlands are defined and delineated that reflects the specific ecological conditions of the country and (2) the lack of a national classification of wetlands that takes into account specific hydrological conditions and respective plant communities.
In recent years, efforts have been made at a regional level to improve public awareness of the ecology of Brazilian wetlands, their benefits to society, and the major threats endangering them. Studies have shown that wetlands play a crucial role in the regional hydrological cycle and provide multiple benefits for local populations. Furthermore, Brazilian wetlands contribute significantly to South American biodiversity. Therefore, wetland conservation and sustainable management should be given high legislative priority.
This article provides a synthesis of the current body of knowledge on the distribution, hydrology, and vegetation cover of Brazilian wetlands. Their definition, delineation, and classification at the national level are proposed in order to establish a scientific basis for discussions on a national wetland policy that mandates the sustainable management of Brazil's extremely diverse and complex wetlands. This goal is particularly urgent in the face of the continuing and dramatic deterioration of wetlands resulting from large‐scale agro‐industrial expansion, and hydroelectric projects as well as the projected impact of global climate change on hydrological cycles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of Single‐Handed Helical Carbon/Silica and Carbonaceous Nanotubes by Using 4,4′‐Biphenylene‐Bridged Polybissilsesquioxane
Authors: Zhang Chuanyong , Li Yi , Li Baozong , Yang Yonggang 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSingle‐handed, helical, 4,4′‐biphenylene‐bridged polybissilsesquioxane nanotubes were prepared by using the self‐assemblies of a pair of chiral low‐molecular‐weight gelators as templates. Single‐handed, helical, carbon/silica nanotubes were obtained after carbonization of the self‐assemblies, and single‐handed helical carbonaceous nanotubes were then obtained by removal of silica with aqueous HF. Samples were characterized by using field‐emission SEM, TEM, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. The polysilsesquioxane and carbonaceous structures exhibited optical activity. The walls of the carbon/silica and carbonaceous nanotubes were predominantly amorphous carbon. The surface area of the left‐handed, helical, carbonaceous nanotubes was 1439 m2 g−1, and such materials have potential applications as catalyst supports, chirality sensors, supercapacitor electrodes, and adsorbents.
Application of TLC, HPLC and GC methods to the study of amino acid and peptide enantiomers: a review
Authors: Dołowy Małgorzata , Pyka Alina 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTAmino acids are very important organic compounds in nature. The biological activity of amino acids depends mainly on their stereoisomeric configuration (d‐ or l‐). Thus, the stereochemical analysis of amino acids and peptides is an important aspect of their characterization. Owing to the increasing role of amino acid configuration in biomedical and pharmaceutical studies, numerous analytical methods have been described in the literature. Among a wide range of analytical techniques available for the steroselective separation of different amino acids, which were obtained from plants or biological samples, chromatographic methods such as thin‐layer chromatography, high‐performance chromatography and also gas chromatography are very useful. This review presents such systems developed for direct stereoisomeric separation and quantitative determination of amino acid and peptide enantiomers with emphasis on selected literature published during two last decades. Almost all aspects, including sample preparation prior chromatographic analysis, stationary phase, solvent system and detection system, are discussed. New possibilities in chiral amino acid analysis have been opened up by the application of mass spectrometry and infrared detection in thin‐layer chromatography and mass spectrometry–selected ion monitoring detection system in gas chromatography. A modern trend in high‐performance chromatography is two‐dimensional chromatography. These innovations have led to decreased development time and increased amino acid resolution and detectability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment with the vascular disruptive agent OXi4503 induces an immediate and widespread epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the surviving tumor
Authors: Fifis Theodora , Nguyen Linh , Malcontenti‐Wilson Cathy , Chan Lie Sam , Nunes Costa Patricia Luiza , Daruwalla Jurstine , Nikfarjam Mehrdad , Muralidharan Vijayaragavan , Waltham Mark , Thompson Erik W. , Christophi Christopher 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEpithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is considered an important mechanism in tumor resistance to drug treatments; however, in vivo observation of this process has been limited. In this study we demonstrated an immediate and widespread EMT involving all surviving tumor cells following treatment of a mouse model of colorectal liver metastases with the vascular disruptive agent OXi4503. EMT was characterized by significant downregulation of E‐cadherin, relocation and nuclear accumulation of β‐catenin as well as significant upregulation of ZEB1 and vimentin. Concomitantly, significant temporal upregulation in hypoxia and the pro‐angiogenic growth factors hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha, hepatocyte growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor‐beta were seen within the surviving tumor. The process of EMT was transient and by 5 days after treatment tumor cell reversion to epithelial morphology was evident. This reversal, termed mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) is a process implicated in the development of new metastases but has not been observed in vivo histologically. Similar EMT changes were observed in response to other antitumor treatments including chemotherapy, thermal ablation, and antiangiogenic treatments in our mouse colorectal metastasis model and in a murine orthotopic breast cancer model after OXi4503 treatment. These results suggest that EMT may be an early mechanism adopted by tumors in response to injury and hypoxic stress, such that inhibition of EMT in combination with other therapies could play a significant role in future cancer therapy.
Charge‐Recombination Fluorescence from Push–Pull Electronic Systems Constructed around Amino‐Substituted Styryl–BODIPY Dyes
Authors: Nano Adela , Ziessel Raymond , Stachelek Patrycya , Harriman Anthony 
Published: August 2013

AbstractA small series of donor–acceptor molecular dyads has been synthesized and fully characterized. In each case, the acceptor is a dicyanovinyl unit and the donor is a boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye equipped with a single styryl arm bearing a terminal amino group. In the absence of the acceptor, the BODIPY‐based dyes are strongly fluorescent in the far‐red region and the relaxed excited‐singlet states possess significant charge‐transfer character. As such, the emission maxima depend on both the solvent polarity and temperature. With the corresponding push–pull molecules, there is a low‐energy charge‐transfer state that can be observed by both absorption and emission spectroscopy. Here, charge‐recombination fluorescence is weak and decays over a few hundred picoseconds or so to recover the ground state. Overall, these results permit evaluation of the factors affecting the probability of charge‐recombination fluorescence in push–pull dyes. The photophysical studies are supported by cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations.
Dehydrogenation of AmineBorane Me2NH⋅BH3 Catalyzed by a LanthanumHydride Complex
Authors: Cui Peng , Spaniol Thomas P. , Maron Laurent , Okuda Jun 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe rare‐earth‐metal hydride complexes [{(1,7‐Me2TACD)LnH}4] (Ln=La 1 a, Y 1 b; (1,7‐Me2TACD)H2=1,7‐dimethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane, 1,7‐Me2[12]aneN4) were synthesized by hydrogenolysis of [{(1,7‐Me2TACD)Ln(η3‐C3H5)}2] with 1 bar H2. The tetrameric structures were confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction of compound 1 a. Both complexes catalyze the dehydrogenation of secondary amineborane Me2NH⋅BH3 to afford the cyclic dimer (Me2NBH2)2 and (Me2N)2BH under mild conditions. Whilst the complete conversion of Me2NH⋅BH3 was observed within 2 h with lanthanumhydride 1 a, the yttrium homologue 1 b required 48 h to reach 95 % conversion. Further reactions of compound 1 a with Me2NH⋅BH3 in various stoichiometric ratios gave a series of intermediate products, [{(1,7‐Me2TACD)LaH}4](Me2NBH2)2 (2 a), [(1,7‐Me2TACDH)La(Me2NBH3)2] (3 a), [(1,7‐Me2TACD)(Me2NBH2)La(Me2NBH3)] (4 a), and [(1,7‐Me2TACD)(Me2NBH2)2La(Me2NBH3)] (5 a). Complexes 2 a, 3 a, and 5 a were isolated and characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. These intermediates revealed the activation and coordination modes of “Me2NH⋅BH3” fragments that were trapped within the coordination sphere of a rare‐earth‐metal center.
Hollow‐Shelled Nanoreactors Endowed with High Catalytic Activity
Authors: Pérez‐Lorenzo Moisés , Vaz Belén , Salgueiriño Verónica , Correa‐Duarte Miguel A. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractHollow‐shelled nanoreactors have emerged as efficient structures to maximize the potential of nanoparticles in the field of catalysis. In this Concept article, we underline the importance of both the morphology of the active nanoparticles as well as the composition and porosity of the shell for the catalytic performance of the overall nanocomposite. Different configurations are discussed, with a focus on preparative methods and applications in organic synthesis. Perspectives on future designs that may offer new opportunities to improve the selectivity of the catalyzed transformations and add additional features are also addressed, in order to illustrate the potential of these unique nanostructures.
Chlorophyll Breakdown in Senescent Banana Leaves: Catabolism Reprogrammed for Biosynthesis of Persistent Blue Fluorescent Tetrapyrroles
Authors: Vergeiner Clemens , Banala Srinivas , Kräutler Bernhard 
Published: August 2013

AbstractChlorophyll breakdown is a visual phenomenon of leaf senescence and fruit ripening. It leads to the formation of colorless chlorophyll catabolites, a group of (chlorophyll‐derived bilin‐type) linear tetrapyrroles. Here, analysis and structure elucidation of the chlorophyll breakdown products in leaves of banana (Musa acuminata) is reported. In senescent leaves of this monocot all chlorophyll catabolites identified were hypermodified fluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (hmFCCs). Surprisingly, nonfluorescent chlorophyll catabolites (NCCs) were not found, the often abundant and apparently typical final chlorophyll breakdown products in senescent leaves. As a rule, FCCs exist only fleetingly, and they isomerize rapidly to NCCs in the senescent plant cell. Amazingly, in the leaves of banana plants, persistent hmFCCs were identified that accounted for about 80 % of the chlorophyll broken down, and yellow leaves of M. acuminata display a strong blue luminescence. The structures of eight hmFCCs from banana leaves were analyzed by spectroscopic means. The massive accumulation of the hmFCCs in banana leaves, and their functional group characteristics, indicate a chlorophyll breakdown path, the downstream transformations of which are entirely reprogrammed towards the generation of persistent and blue fluorescent FCCs. As expressed earlier in related studies, the present findings call for attention, as to still elusive biological roles of these linear tetrapyrroles.
Automated spine and vertebrae detection in CT images using object‐based image analysis
Authors: Schwier M. , Chitiboi T. , Hülnhagen T. , Hahn H.K. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYAlthough computer assistance has become common in medical practice, some of the most challenging tasks that remain unsolved are in the area of automatic detection and recognition. The human visual perception is in general far superior to computer vision algorithms. Object‐based image analysis is a relatively new approach that aims to lift image analysis from a pixel‐based processing to a semantic region‐based processing of images. It allows effective integration of reasoning processes and contextual concepts into the recognition method. In this paper, we present an approach that applies object‐based image analysis to the task of detecting the spine in computed tomography images. A spine detection would be of great benefit in several contexts, from the automatic labeling of vertebrae to the assessment of spinal pathologies. We show with our approach how region‐based features, contextual information and domain knowledge, especially concerning the typical shape and structure of the spine and its components, can be used effectively in the analysis process. The results of our approach are promising with a detection rate for vertebral bodies of 96% and a precision of 99%. We also gain a good two‐dimensional segmentation of the spine along the more central slices and a coarse three‐dimensional segmentation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imaging Nanocarbon Materials: Soot Particles in Flames are Not Structurally Homogeneous
Authors: Schenk Marina , Lieb Sydnie , Vieker Henning , Beyer André , Gölzhäuser Armin , Wang Hai , Kohse‐Höinghaus Katharina 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFor the first time, nascent soot particles are probed by using helium‐ion microscopy (HIM). HIM is a technique that is similar to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) but it can achieve higher contrast and improved surface sensitivity, especially for carbonaceous materials. The HIM microscope yields images with a high contrast, which allows for the unambiguous recognition of smaller nascent soot particles than those observed in previous transmission electron microscopy studies. The results indicate that HIM is ideal for rapid and reliable probing of the morphology of nascent soot, with surface details visible down to approximately 5 nm, and particles as small as 2 nm are detectable. The results also show that nascent soot is structurally and chemically inhomogeneous, and even the smallest particles can have shapes that deviate from a perfect sphere.
Reactivity of Dicoordinated Stannylones (Sn0) versus Stannylenes (SnII): An Investigation Using DFT‐Based Reactivity Indices
Authors: Broeckaert Lies , Frenking Gernot , Geerlings Paul , De Proft Frank 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe reactivity of dicoordinated Sn0 compounds, stannylones, is probed using density functional theory (DFT)‐based reactivity indices and compared with the reactivity of dicoordinated SnII compounds, stannylenes. For the former compounds, the influence of different types of electron‐donating ligands, such as cyclic and acyclic carbenes, stannylenes and phosphines, on the reactivity of the central Sn atom is analyzed in detail. Sn0 compounds are found to be relatively soft systems with a high nucleophilicity, and the plots of the Fukui function f− for an electrophilic attack consistently predict the highest reactivity on the Sn atom. Next, complexes of dicoordinated Sn compounds with different Lewis acids of variable hardness are computed. In a first part, the double‐base character of stannylones is demonstrated in interactions with the hardest Lewis acid H+. Both the first and second proton affinities (PAs) are high and are well correlated with the atomic charge on the Sn atom, probing its local hardness. These observations are also in line with electrostatic potential plots that demonstrate that the tin atom in Sn0 compounds bears a higher negative charge in comparison to SnII compounds. Stannylones and stannylenes can be distinguished from each other by the partial charges at Sn and by various reactivity indices. It also becomes clear that there is a smooth transition between the two classes of compounds. We furthermore demonstrate both from DFT‐based reactivity indices and from energy decomposition analysis, combined with natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA‐NOCV), that the monocomplexed stannylones are still nucleophilic and as reactive towards a second Lewis acid as towards the first one. The dominating interaction is a strong σ‐type interaction from the Sn atom towards the Lewis acid. The interaction energy is higher for complexes with the cation Ag+ than with the non‐charged electrophiles BH3, BF3, and AlCl3.
Securing a wireless sensor network for human tracking: a review of solutions
Authors: Carrasco Alejandro , Alcaraz Francisco , Barbancho Julio , Larios Diego F. , Luis Sevillano Jose 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYCurrently, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are formed by devices with limited resources and limited power energy availability. Thanks to their cost effectiveness, flexibility, and ease of deployment, wireless sensor networks have been applied to many scenarios such as industrial, civil, and military applications. For many applications, security is a primary issue, but this produces an extra energy cost. Thus, in real applications, a trade‐off is required between the security level and energy consumption. This paper evaluates different security schemes applied to human tracking applications, based on a real‐case scenario. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.