bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving delivery of health care to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children
Authors: Attwood Lucy , Rodrigues Sarah , Winsor Josephine , Warren Shirley , Biviano Lyn , Gunasekera Hasantha 
Published: November 2014

AimTo identify opportunities to improve health‐care delivery for urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children requiring hospital admission and to determine their characteristics.MethodsWe analysed all documentation of admissions of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children to a tertiary paediatric hospital in 2010. We reviewed the medical records to determine whether the Aboriginal status of patients was known, whether Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander children and their families were reviewed by Aboriginal staff during admission and whether basic health‐care quality indicators were met, including documentation of anthropometry, ear examination findings, immunisation status and catch‐up immunisation delivery.ResultsIn 2010, 543 (2%) patients admitted to the institution were identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander: 140/538 (26.0%) were from the first decile (most disadvantaged) on Socio‐Economic Indexes for Areas index. Of all admitted children, 148/543 (27.3%) were referred to Aboriginal health professionals during admission, more when length of stay was greater than 7 days (61% vs. 23%, P < 0.001). There was documentation of weight in 533/543 (98.2%), ear examinations in 64/543 (11.8%), immunisations being not up to date in 126/543 (23%), catch‐up immunisation given in 7/126 (5.6%), Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander status in 8/543 (1.5%) medical and 1/543 (0.2%) nursing discharge summaries.ConclusionsWe have identified several opportunities to improve culturally appropriate health‐care delivery for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children admitted to hospital, including improved recognition of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander status of patients, improved access to Aboriginal health professionals and increased performance and documentation of basic anthropometry, ear examination and immunisation catch‐up.
A case of type B botulism in a pregnant bitch
Authors: Lamoureux A. , Pouzot‐Nevoret C. , Escriou C. 
Published: November 2014

A two‐year‐old pregnant Gordon setter presented with acute onset of flaccid tetraparesis and respiratory distress. Neurological examination revealed diffuse lower motor neuron dysfunction.Clostridium botulinumneurotoxin B was isolated from the dog's serum. The dog was hospitalised and received supportive care; respiratory function was monitored but positive‐pressure ventilation was not required. Recovery was complete within 1 month and parturition occurred without complication 49 days after admission. The puppies delivered lacked any obvious congenital defects and development during the first few months of life was normal. The source of contamination was suspected to be poorly conserved dry food.To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report ofC. botulinumneurotoxin B isolation in a dog and the first report of botulism in a pregnant bitch.
Simeprevir with peginterferon/ribavirin for treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection: pooled safety analysis from Phase IIb and III studies
Authors: Manns M. P. , Fried M. W. , Zeuzem S. , Jacobson I. M. , Forns X. , Poordad F. , Peeters M. , Fu M. , Lenz O. , Ouwerkerk‐Mahadevan S. , Jessner W. , Scott J. A. , Kalmeijer R. , De La Rosa G. , Sinha R. , Beumont‐Mauviel M. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryThis pooled analysis of five Phase IIb and III studies evaluated the safety and tolerability of simeprevir, a once daily, oral hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitor. Data were summarised for patients who received simeprevir 150 mg once daily (n = 924) or placebo (n = 540) plus pegylated interferon‐α/ribavirin for 12 weeks. During the first 12 weeks of treatment, few patients discontinued simeprevir or placebo due to adverse events (AEs) (both 2.2%). Pruritus (23.8% vs 17.4%), rash (any; 22.9% vs 16.7%) and photosensitivity (3.2% vs 0.6%) [Correction added on 16 January 2015, after first online publication: In the above sentence, the values in ‘Photosensitivity’ were previously incorrect and have now been changed to 3.2% vs 0.6%.] were more prevalent in the simeprevir vs the placebo groups. Most AEs were grade 1/2 (72.4% for simeprevir vs 71.3% for placebo). All grade 3/4 AEs occurred in <5.0% of patients, except neutropenia (9.8% vs 7.6%). Overall incidence of neutropenia was similar (17.3% vs 15.7%). Incidence of anaemia was 13.2% for simeprevir vs 10.9% for placebo, and incidence of increased bilirubin was 8.4% vs 2.8%. Bilirubin increases were mild‐to‐moderate and transient without concurrent transaminase increases or association with hepatic injury. Safety and tolerability did not vary with METAVIR score, although increased bilirubin and anaemia were more frequent in simeprevir‐treated patients with METAVIR F4 (increased bilirubin, 13.0% vs 3.3%; anaemia, 19.0% vs 14.8%). Serious AEs were infrequent (2.1% for simeprevir vs 3.0% for placebo). No deaths were reported during the first 12 weeks of treatment. Patient‐reported fatigue and other outcomes were comparable for both groups, but were of shorter duration for simeprevir due to the use of response‐guided therapy. Simeprevir is well tolerated in HCV genotype 1‐infected patients.
Simulation‐Based Seismic Risk Assessment of Gas Distribution Networks
Authors: Esposito Simona , Iervolino Iunio , d'Onofrio Anna , Santo Antonio , Cavalieri Francesco , Franchin Paolo 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe basic function of a gas distribution system, essentially composed of buried pipelines, reduction stations, and demand nodes, is to deliver gas from sources to end users. The objective of the article is to discuss the evaluation of seismic risk of gas networks in compliance with the performance‐based earthquake engineering framework adapted to spatially distributed systems. In particular, three issues are addressed: (1) spatial seismic hazard characterization in terms of ground shaking and permanent ground deformation; (2) analysis of system's vulnerability via fragility curves; (3) seismic performance evaluation via computer‐aided simulation. As an application, the seismic risk analysis of L'Aquila (central Italy) gas distribution network, a 621‐km mid‐ and low‐pressure pipeline system was considered. The analyses were performed with reference to the mid‐pressure part of the network, through an object‐oriented software, specific for risk assessment of lifelines, developed by the authors. Results in terms of connectivity‐based performance indicators are presented and discussed, along with a performance disaggregation analysis carried out to evaluate the contribution of the components of the system to the risk.
Assessing the value of imperfect biocontainment nationally: rapeseed in the United Kingdom as an exemplar
Authors: Ford Caroline S. , Allainguillaume Joël , Fu Tzu‐Yu Richard , Mitchley Jonathan , Wilkinson Mike J. 
Published: November 2014

Summary

Paternal biocontainment methods (PBMs) act by preventing pollen‐mediated transgene flow. They are compromised by transgene escape via the crop‐maternal line. We therefore assess the efficacy of PBMs for transgenic rapeseed (Brassica napus) biocontainment across the United Kingdom by estimating crop‐maternal hybridization with its two progenitor species.

We used remote sensing, field surveys, agricultural statistics, and meta‐analysis to determine the extent of sympatry between the crop and populations of riparian and weedy B. rapa and B. oleracea. We then estimated the incidence of crop‐maternal hybridization across all settings to predict the efficacy of PBMs.

Evidence of crop chloroplast capture by the progenitors was expanded to a national scale, revealing that crop‐maternal gene flow occurs at widely variable rates and is dependent on both the recipient and setting.

We use these data to explore the value that this kind of biocontainment can bring to genetic modification (GM) risk management in terms of reducing the impact that hybrids have on the environment rather than preventing or reducing hybrid abundance per se.
High prevalence of anti‐hepatitis B core antigen in hepatitis B virus–vaccinated Chinese blood donors suggests insufficient protection but little threat to the blood supply
Authors: Zheng Xin , Ye Xianlin , Du Peng , Zeng Jinfeng , Zhu Weigang , Yang Baocheng , Li Chengyao , Allain Jean‐Pierre 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundIn East Asia, individuals systematically vaccinated at birth to hepatitis B virus (HBV) are an increasing part of the blood donor population. Their environment presents a high risk of contact with HBV. HBV vaccine efficacy and potential safety risk carried by vaccinated donors were examined.Study Design and MethodsA total of 2028 vaccinated blood donors were recruited in 2012 and 2013 and tested for serologic (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg], antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen [anti‐HBs], and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen [anti‐HBc]) and molecular (HBV DNA) markers of HBV. HBsAg, anti‐HBs, and viral load were quantified.ResultsDonors 18 to 21 years systematically vaccinated at birth and 22 to 25 years and older donors had both 30.0% negative serology and 1.8% anti‐HBc only but the latter group carried significantly higher prevalence of anti‐HBc (p < 0.0001). Anti‐HBc, mostly associated with anti‐HBs, increased from 10.7% at age 18 to 31.5% at age 25. The level of anti‐HBs was significantly higher in anti‐HBc–positive donors than in anti‐HBs–only donors (p < 0.0001). Samples from 24 donors contained low viral load (25 ± 22 IU/mL), half of them undetected by standard nucleic acid testing (NAT), and were classified as four recent infections, 17 occult HBV infections (OBI), and three primary OBIs. Eighteen of 24 carried anti‐HBs; 14 of 15 strains were wild‐type Genotype B and one was Genotype C.ConclusionsIn an environment of frequent high Genotype B or C viremia, blood donors vaccinated at birth are frequently but mildly infected: asymptomatic and normal alanine aminotransferase level, identified by anti‐HBc seroconversion and boosting of anti‐HBs. Low viral load and frequent anti‐HBs limit transfusion risk.
Dynamic tumor tracking using the Elekta Agility MLC
Authors: Fast Martin F. , Nill Simeon , Bedford James L. , Oelfke Uwe 
Published: November 2014

Purpose:To evaluate the performance of the Elekta Agility multileaf collimator (MLC) for dynamic real‐time tumor tracking.Methods:The authors have developed a new control software which interfaces to the Agility MLC to dynamically program the movement of individual leaves, the dynamic leaf guides (DLGs), and the Y collimators (“jaws”) based on the actual target trajectory. A motion platform was used to perform dynamic tracking experiments with sinusoidal trajectories. The actual target positions reported by the motion platform at 20, 30, or 40 Hz were used as shift vectors for the MLC in beams‐eye‐view. The system latency of the MLC (i.e., the average latency comprising target device reporting latencies and MLC adjustment latency) and the geometric tracking accuracy were extracted from a sequence of MV portal images acquired during irradiation for the following treatment scenarios: leaf‐only motion, jaw + leaf motion, and DLG + leaf motion.Results:The portal imager measurements indicated a clear dependence of the system latency on the target position reporting frequency. Deducting the effect of the target frequency, the leaf adjustment latency was measured to be 38 ± 3 ms for a maximum target speed v of 13 mm/s. The jaw + leaf adjustment latency was 53 ± 3 at a similar speed. The system latency at a target position frequency of 30 Hz was in the range of 56–61 ms for the leaves (v ≤ 31 mm/s), 71–78 ms for the jaw + leaf motion (v ≤ 25 mm/s), and 58–72 ms for the DLG + leaf motion (v ≤ 59 mm/s). The tracking accuracy showed a similar dependency on the target position frequency and the maximum target speed. For the leaves, the root‐mean‐squared error (RMSE) was between 0.6–1.5 mm depending on the maximum target speed. For the jaw + leaf (DLG + leaf) motion, the RMSE was between 0.7–1.5 mm (1.9–3.4 mm).Conclusions:The authors have measured the latency and geometric accuracy of the Agility MLC, facilitating its future use for clinical tracking applications.
Does the Addition of Hip Strengthening to a Knee-Focused Exercise Program Improve Outcomes in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome?
Authors: Bloomer Ben A. , Durall Chris J. 
Published: November 2014

Clinical Scenario:Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is one of the most common disorders affecting the lower extremities. To improve function and decrease pain, affected individuals often undergo a guided rehabilitation program. Traditional programs have concentrated on quadriceps strengthening and other knee-focused exercises, but recent literature suggests that adding hip-muscle strengthening may improve outcomes. This review was conducted to determine the extent to which current evidence supports the addition of hip-muscle strengthening to a knee-focused strengthening and stretching program in the treatment of PFPS.Focused Clinical Question:Does the addition of hip-muscle strengthening to a knee-focused strengthening and stretching program improve outcomes in patients with PFPS?
Advances in MBE Selective Area Growth of III-Nitride Nanostructures: From NanoLEDs to Pseudo Substrates
Authors: Albert Steven , Bengoechea-Encabo Ana Maria , Barbagini Francesca , Lopez-Rormero David , Sanchez-Garcia Miguel Angel , Calleja Enrique , Lefebvre Pierre , Kong Xiang , Jahn Uwe , Trampert Achim , Müller Marcus , Bertram Frank , Schmidt Gordon , Veit Peter , Petzold Silke , Christen Jürgen , De Mierry Philippe , Zuñiga-Perez Jesus 
Published: November 2014

The aim of this work is to provide an overview on the recent advances in the selective area growth (SAG) of ( In ) GaN nanostructures by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy, focusing on their potential as building blocks for next generation LEDs. The first three sections deal with the basic growth mechanisms of GaN SAG and the emission control in the entire ultraviolet to infrared range, including approaches for white light emission, using InGaN disks and thick segments on axial nanocolumns. SAG of axial nanostructures is developed on both GaN /sapphire templates and GaN -buffered Si (111). As an alternative to axial nanocolumns, section 4 reports on the growth and characterization of InGaN / GaN core-shell structures on an ordered array of top-down patterned GaN microrods. Finally, section 5 reports on the SAG of GaN , with and without InGaN insertion, on semi-polar (11-22) and non-polar (11-20) templates. Upon SAG the high defect density present in the templates is strongly reduced as indicated by a dramatic improvement of the optical properties. In the case of SAG on non-polar (11-22) templates, the formation of nanostructures with a low aspect ratio took place allowing for the fabrication of high-quality, non-polar GaN pseudo-templates by coalescence of these nanostructures.
Social Interactomes for Enabling Research Communities
Authors: Guinney Justin , Dienstmann Rodrigo , Ferté Charles , Friend Stephen , McCormick Frank 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Summary: Data-driven analyses of scientific abstracts with web apps such as “abstract interactomes” provide a new visualization tool for the biomedical research community to interactively navigate a rich assembly of investigators and identify common research topics. Alternative conference formats such as “social interactomes,” with structured, albeit informal, discussions among attendees, are able to engage fellows and top investigators, facilitate the exchange of ideas, and encourage data sharing and future collaborations. Cancer Discov; 4(11); 1265–8. ©2014 AACR.
Impact of Subdaily Air–Sea Interaction on Simulating Intraseasonal Oscillations over the Tropical Asian Monsoon Region
Authors: Hu Wenting , Duan Anmin , Wu Guoxiong 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The off-equatorial boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) is closely linked to the onset, active, and break phases of the tropical Asian monsoon, but the accurate simulation of the eastward-propagating low-frequency ISO by current models remains a challenge. In this study, an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM)–ocean mixed layer coupled model with high (10 min) coupling frequency (DC_10m) shows improved skill in simulating the ISO signal in terms of period, intensity, and propagation direction, compared with the coupled runs with low (1 and 12 h) coupling frequency and a stand-alone AGCM driven by the daily sea surface temperature (SST) fields. In particular, only the DC_10m is able to recreate the observed lead–lag phase relationship between SST (SST tendency) and precipitation at intraseasonal time scales, indicating that the ISO signal is closely linked to the subdaily air–sea interaction. During the ISO life cycle, air–sea interaction reduces the SST underlying the convection via wind–evaporation and cloud–radiation feedbacks, as well as wind-induced oceanic mixing, which in turn restrains convection. However, to the east of the convection, the heat-induced atmospheric Gill-type response leads to downward motion and a reduced surface westerly background flow because of the easterly anomalies. The resultant decreased oceanic mixing, together with the increased shortwave flux, tends to warm the SST and subsequently trigger convection. Therefore, the eastward-propagating ISO may result from an asymmetric east–west change in SST induced mainly by multiscale air–sea interactions.
Climatology and Ensemble Predictions of Nonconvective High Wind Events in the New York City Metropolitan Region
Authors: Layer Michael , Colle Brian A. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Damaging wind events not associated with severe convective storms or tropical cyclones can cause significant problems with transportation, infrastructure, and public safety over the northeastern United States. These nonconvective wind events (NCWEs) are difficult to forecast in New York City and surrounding regions as revealed by the relatively poor probability of detection (POD) and false alarm ratio (FAR) in recent years. This paper investigates the climatology of NCWEs between 15 September and 15 May over 13 cool seasons from 2000/01 through 2012/13. The events are separated into three distinct synoptic patterns: pre-cold-frontal (PRF), post-cold-frontal (POF), and nor’easter/coastal storm (NEC) cases. Relationships between observed winds and some atmospheric parameters such as 900-hPa geopotential height gradient, 3-h mean sea level pressure (MSLP) tendency, low-level wind profile, and stability are also presented. Overall, PRF and NEC have the largest FAR, because several events with a low-level jet at 1–2 km above the surface have relatively strong low-level stability that limits vertical momentum mixing. The POD is lowest for the POF events, which have a strong diurnal influence given the relatively deep mixed layer. Verification is also conducted over the cool seasons from 2009/10 to 2013/14 using the Short Range Ensemble Forecast (SREF) system from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). Both deterministic and probabilistic verification metrics are used to evaluate the performance of the ensemble during NCWEs. Although the SREF has more forecast skill than any of the deterministic SREF control members, it is rather poorly calibrated and exhibits a significant overconfidence given its positive wind speed bias in the lower troposphere.
Summary of the findings of the International Collaboration on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Prognosis
Authors: Donovan James , Cancelliere Carol , Cassidy J David 
Published: November 2014

AbstractIn 2004, the WHO Collaborating Centre for Neurotrauma, Prevention, Management and Rehabilitation Task Force published the first large systematic review and best evidence synthesis on the clinical course and prognosis for recovery after MTBI. Ten years later, the International Collaboration on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Prognosis (ICoMP) formed to update the original WHO Task Force results. This summary review highlights important clinical findings from the full ICoMP results including the current evidence on the course and prognosis of recovery after MTBI in diverse patient populations (e.g., adults, athletes and children) and injury environments (e.g., motor vehicle collisions) as well as on the risk of long-term outcomes after MTBI, such as Parkinsons disease and dementia. Additional clinical areas of interest in MTBI are also discussed including the similarities between MTBI and other traumatic injuries and the risk of Second Impact Syndrome after sport concussion. Clinicians can use this information to help inform patients on the likely course of recovery after MTBI/concussion and guide better decision-making in the care of these patients.
Synthetic nanowire/nanotube-based solid substrates for controlled cell growth
Authors: Baik Ku Youn , Park Sung Young , Namgung Seon , Kim Daesan , Cho Dong-guk , Lee Minju , Hong Seunghun 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The behaviour of cells can be controlled by various microenvironments such as nanostructured cell-culture substrates with controlled nanotopography and chemical properties. One of promising substrates for controlled cell growth is a solid substrate comprised of synthetic one-dimensional nanostructures such as polymer nanofibers, carbon-based nanotubes/nanofibers, and inorganic nanowires. Such nanotube/nanowire structures have a similar dimension as extracellular matrix fibers, and their nanotopography and chemical properties can be easily controlled, which expands their possible applications in controlling the growth and differentiation of cells. This paper provides a concise review on the recent applications of solid substrates based on synthetic nanowires/nanotubes for controlled cell growth and differentiation.
Evaluating malingering in cognitive and memory examinations: a guide for clinicians
Authors: Tracy Derek K. 
Published: November 2014

SummaryCognitive and memory testing are a common part of clinical practice, but professional concerns are sometimes raised that the individual being tested might be feigning deficits. Most clinicians have limited experience and training in detecting malingering in such cognitive testing, and the very issue raises considerable ethical dilemmas. Nevertheless, psychiatric work faces ever greater potential for legal scrutiny, and failure to appropriately evaluate potential malingering risks professional embarrassment and distress. There is a need for clinicians to make themselves aware of the ways in which malingered behaviour might be evaluated through the clinical history, the use of routine psychometric testing and, particularly, the use of symptom validity (‘malingering’) tests. This article describes these factors and gives guidance on the appropriate reporting of findings.Learning Objectives•Better understand the complexities in cognitive assessment where malingering is suspected.•Understand the types and limitations of the major symptom validity tests.•Be better prepared to produce documentation and reports stating test findings.