bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Athletic Trainers' Knowledge Regarding Airway Adjuncts
Authors: Edler Jessica R. , Eberman Lindsey E. , Kahanov Leamor , Roman Christopher , Mata Heather Lynne 
Published: June 2015

Context
Research suggests that knowledge gaps regarding the appropriate use of airway adjuncts exist among various health care practitioners, and that knowledge is especially limited within athletic training.

Objective
To determine the relationship between perceived knowledge (PK) and actual knowledge (AK) of airway adjunct use and the difference in PK after AK assessment.

Design
Knowledge assessment.

Patients or Other Participants
Two thousand athletic trainers received the survey via e-mail; 152 (7.6%) responded.

Intervention(s)
The AK assessment included 7 items based on the use and implementation of airway adjuncts based on the National Athletic Trainers' Association educational competencies. Perceived knowledge was measured using a well-established PK questionnaire, which also included 1 item to rate likelihood to pursue continuing education (CE).

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Perceived knowledge was compared pre- and posttest. Our demographic variables assessed how often lifesaving skills were used. We used total scores of the AK assessment to measure AK. We employed dependent t tests to determine the pre- and posttest differences in PK and likelihood to pursue CE. We used a correlation analysis to determine the relationship between PK and AK. We calculated separate analyses of variance to determine differences in AK between the frequencies of lifesaving skill use.

Results
We identified no significant change (t150 = −0.91, P = .37, 95% confidence interval = −0.17 to 0.06) in likelihood to pursue CE. Greater PK was weakly associated with greater AK (r = 0.36, P &lt; .001). We found a significant difference (F1,145 = 4.63, P = .03, effect size = 0.031, 1 − β = 0.57) between the frequency of use of lifesaving skills and AK.

Conclusion
We identified a knowledge gap among athletic trainers in the use of airway adjuncts. Although the likelihood to pursue CE score was high, the score did not significantly increase after completing the assessment. Participants who use lifesaving skills more frequently scored higher on the AK assessment, suggesting that the more frequently athletic trainers utilize a skill, the more knowledgeable they are.
Routine Clinical Mutation Profiling of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Using Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Deeb Kristin K. , Hohman Colleen M. , Risch Nicholas F. , Metzger Daniel J. , Starostik Petr 
Published: June 2015

Context
The availability of massive, parallel-sequencing technologies makes possible efficient, simultaneous detection of driver and druggable mutations in cancer.

Objective
To develop an amplicon-based, next-generation sequencing, mutation-detection assay for lung cancer using the 454 GS Junior (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, Indiana) platform.

Design
Fusion primers incorporating target sequence, 454 adaptors, and multiplex identifiers were designed to generate 35 amplicons (median length 246 base pairs) covering 8.9 kilobases of mutational hotspots in AKT1, BRAF, EGFR, ERBB2, HRAS, KRAS, NRAS, PIK3CA, and MAP2K1 genes and all exons of the PTEN gene.

Results
The assay was validated on 23 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung cancer specimens. A minimum number of reads was consistently achieved with overall median read depth of 529× per amplicon. In total, 25 point mutations and 4 insertions/deletions (indels) with a frequency of 5.5% to 93.1% mutant alleles were detected. All EGFR, ERBB2, KRAS, PIK3CA, KRAS, and PTEN mutations, as detected by next-generation sequencing, were confirmed by pyrosequencing, with the exception of 3 point mutations in a tumor sample with low mutant-allele burden (below the pyrosequencing limit of detection).

Conclusions
The GS Junior–based, targeted, resequencing assay for a focused set of non–small cell lung cancer driver genes allows for quick and sensitive detection of point mutations and indels for the most relevant therapeutic genes in this type of cancer.
Drug-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Fisher Kurt , Vuppalanchi Raj , Saxena Romil 
Published: June 2015

Context
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) represents a diverse set of responses following exposure to any manufactured or naturally occurring chemical compound. Drug-induced liver injury is of major concern owing to the ever increasing number of compounds introduced into the market for treatment of various diseases as well as the increasing popularity of herbals, which lend themselves to self-medication but are not rigorously regulated.

Objective
To provide an overview of the prevalence, classification, and diagnosis of DILI with emphasis on pathogenesis and the role of a liver biopsy. To focus on the most common, emerging, and herbal agents that cause DILI with emphasis on the histologic pattern of injury observed.

Data Sources
A review of the literature was drawn from the PubMed (US National Library of Medicine) repository, textbooks, and online databases. All figures were taken from cases seen at our tertiary referral center, which is 1 of 12 participating sites in the National Institutes of Health–funded Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network.

Conclusions
Drug-induced liver injury due to prescription, over-the-counter, and herbal products is a major cause of liver disease in the United States and around the world. Diagnosis of DILI is challenging because there is no single clinical, laboratory, or histologic feature specific to DILI. Accurate diagnosis requires establishing a causal relationship with the suspected agent and excluding competing causes of liver injury. The liver biopsy is an essential component in the management of DILI by offering clues to the underlying pathogenesis, providing prognostic information, and guiding therapy.
Clinical Laboratory Quality Practices When Hemolysis Occurs
Authors: Howanitz Peter J. , Lehman Christopher M. , Jones Bruce A. , Meier Frederick A. , Horowitz Gary L. 
Published: June 2015

ContextHemolyzed specimens delay clinical laboratory results, proliferate unnecessary testing, complicate physician decisions, injure patients indirectly, and increase health care costs.ObjectiveTo determine quality improvement practices when hemolysis occurs.DesignWe used the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Survey Program to distribute a Q-Probes–type questionnaire about hemolysis practices to CAP Chemistry Survey participants.ResultsOf 3495 participants sent the questionnaire, 846 (24%) responded. Although 85%, 69%, and 55% of participants had written hemolysis policies for potassium, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose, respectively, only a few (46%, 40%, and 40%) had standardized hemolysis reports between their primary and secondary chemistry analyzers for these 3 analytes. Most participants (70%) had not attempted to validate the manufacturers' hemolysis data for these 3 analytes; however, essentially all who tried, succeeded. Forty-nine percent of participants had taken corrective action to reduce hemolysis during the past year and used, on average, 2.4 different actions, with collection and distribution of hemolysis data to administrative leadership (57%), troubleshooting outliers (55%), retraining phlebotomist (53%), and establishment of quality improvement teams among the laboratory and at problem locations (37%) being the most common actions. When asked to assess their progress in reducing hemolysis, 70% noted slow to no progress, and 2% gave up on improvement. Upon measuring potassium, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose, approximately 60% of participants used the same specimen flag for hemolysis as for lipemia and icterus.ConclusionsHemolysis decreases the quality and increases the cost of health care. Practices for measuring, reporting, and decreasing hemolysis rates need improvement.
Clinical management of carbamazepine intoxication during anti-tubercular treatment: a case report
Authors: Calderazzo Massimo , Rende Pierandrea , Gambardella Paolo , Colosimo Manuela , De Sarro Giovambattista , Gallelli Luca 
Published: June 2015

We describe a 67-year-old man with medical history of focal post-stroke seizure and type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with carbamazepine, clobazam, gliclazide, insulin glargine, and omeprazole we visited for the onset in the last 7 days of asthenia, cough with mucus, breathing difficulty, chest pain, and weight loss. After clinical and laboratory tests, pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed, and a treatment with isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide rifampicin, and pyridoxine was started. Therapeutic drug monitoring of tuberculosis treatment documented that all drugs were in normal therapeutic range. Four days after the beginning of the treatment, we documented the improvement of fever, and three days later the patient showed sleepiness, visual disorder and asthenia. Clinical and pharmacological evaluation suggested a carbamazepine toxicity probably related to a drug interaction (Drug Interaction Probability Scale score = 6). The impossibility to switch carbamazepine for another antiepileptic drug, due to a resistant form of seizure, induced the discontinuation of tuberculosis treatment, resulting in the normalization of serum carbamazepine levels in one day (10 µg/ml) and in the worsening of fever, requiring a new clinical and pharmacological evaluation. The titration dosage of carbamazepine and its therapeutic drug monitoring allowed to continue the treatment with both antitubercular drugs and carbamazepine, without the development of adverse drug reactions. To date, tuberculosis treatment was stopped and clinical evaluation, radiology and microbiology assays documented the absence of tubercular infection and no seizures appeared (carbamazepine dosage 800 mg/bid; serum levels 9.5 µg/ml).
Apprendre à l’âge adulte : entre imitation et émancipation
Authors: Vieille-Grosjean Henri , Di Patrizio Gabriel 
Published: June 2015

Le processus d’apprentissage en FPC (Formation Professionnelle Continue) s’inscrit dans un espace/temps qui renvoie selon nous à l’agir communicationnel. Il relève d’un espace de sens, référé à la notion de passage et donc de processus. Il est bien connu aujourd’hui qu’une des modalités de l’apprentissage chez les adultes comme chez les enfants, s’appuie sur le mimétisme et l’imitation. D’autre part, le jeu des interactions fait que les apprentissages ne sont pas transmis sans une renégociation autonome et médiate de chacun des sujets « entre soi » et des sujets entre eux (apprentissage vicariant). Cette relation entre les partenaires se fondera sur des caractéristiques qui permettent de comprendre l’interprétation comme une modalité, un médium indispensable à un « apprentissage émancipateur ». Dès lors, le savoir construit, le savoir en élaboration, engage le pas vers une conversion (métanoïa) du regard de l’apprenant adulte, mais également de celui de l’appreneur, vers une autonomisation du sujet et son émancipation.
Les enseignants du secondaire à l’épreuve de la loi de 2005
Authors: Guibert Pascal , Le Corre Nadine 
Published: June 2015

En modifiant le code de l’Éducation et la définition du handicap, la loi du 11 février 2005 en faveur des personnes handicapées a permis d’accroître le nombre d’élèves en situation de handicap dans les établissements ordinaires du second degré. Neuf ans après la promulgation de cette loi, la confrontation sur le terrain avec des élèves à « besoins éducatifs particuliers » est une épreuve que les enseignants peuvent évoquer en tant qu’expérience. Quel est l’impact de cette loi sur les pratiques professionnelles des enseignants du second degré? Dans une perspective interactionniste, cet article tente de montrer de quelles manières la loi de 2005 met en question le « mandat » et « la licence » (Hughes, 1996) de la profession enseignante, mais aussi selon quelles modalités elle peut encourager les enseignants du second degré à développer de nouvelles compétences professionnelles.
L’activité de démoustication, entre contraintes techniques, écologiques et sociales
Authors: Pécaud Sophie 
Published: June 2015

Nous présentons les résultats d’une étude de terrain menée en 2009 et visant à une meilleure compréhension de l’activité des agents de démoustication de l’EID Atlantique dans les zones humides littorales de la façade atlantique française (du Morbihan à la Gironde). Nous nous attachons d’abord à caractériser le contexte dans lequel ces agents travaillent, tant en termes écologiques qu’en termes sociaux. Puis nous proposons une modélisation de leur activité, mettant en lumière de manière inédite sa forte composante sociale : il s’agit pour eux de maintenir, dans les zones qu’ils prennent en charge, non seulement un équilibre écologique minimisant la prolifération de moustiques, mais aussi un équilibre social visant la satisfaction de l’ensemble des usagers auxquels ils ont affaire (paludiers, ostréiculteurs, éleveurs de bétail, membres d’associations de chasse et d’associations naturalistes, randonneurs et promeneurs).
Source, transport, and evolution of saline groundwater in a shallow Holocene aquifer on the tidal deltaplain of southwest Bangladesh
Authors: Worland Scott C. , Hornberger George M. , Goodbred Steven L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDeltaic groundwater resources are often vulnerable to degradation from seawater intrusion or through interaction with saline paleowaters. The Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna River delta, in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India, is a particularly vulnerable area with an estimated 20 million coastal inhabitants directly affected by saline drinking water. The shallow groundwater of the coastal regions is primarily brackish with pockets of fresher water. A small‐scale hydrologic investigation of groundwater salinity beneath an embanked tidal channel island was undertaken to explore possible hydrogeological explanations of the distribution of water salinities in the shallow aquifer. This study employs a combination of 3H and 14C dating, electromagnetic subsurface mapping, and a 2‐D solute transport model. The authors conclude that the shallow groundwater salinity can best be explained by the slow infiltration of meteoric water into paleo‐brackish estuarine water that was deposited during the early‐mid Holocene.
Feasibility study on the derivation of the O+‐O collision frequency from ionospheric field‐aligned observations
Authors: Dang Tong , Lei Jiuhou , Dou Xiankang , Wan Weixing 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRecently, Vickers et al. (2013) used a simplified ion momentum equation to derive the ion‐neutral (O+‐O) collision frequency and thermospheric atomic oxygen density from the European Incoherent Scatter Svalbard Radar data. It was assumed that the vertical neutral wind at high latitudes is generally small under geomagnetically quiet conditions so that it was neglected in their derivation. Although the vertical neutral wind may indeed be small, the field‐aligned neutral wind component, which needs to be taken into consideration in the ion momentum equation, can be large. Simulations with the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere Electrodynamics Global Circulation Model have been carried out to evaluate the effect of the neutral wind on the estimation of the ion‐neutral collision frequency from the ion momentum equation. Our results reveal that, even at high latitudes, the effect of the neutral wind can be significant in the derivation of the ion‐neutral collision frequency from ionospheric field‐aligned observations, especially at night.
A statistical study of the low‐altitude ionospheric magnetic fields over the north pole of Venus
Authors: Zhang T. L. , Baumjohann W. , Russell C. T. , Villarreal M. N. , Luhmann J. G. , Teh W. L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractExamination of Venus Express (VEX) low‐altitude ionospheric magnetic field measurements during solar minimum has revealed the presence of strong magnetic fields at low altitudes over the north pole of Venus. A total of 77 events with strong magnetic fields as VEX crossed the northern polar region were identified between July 2008 and October 2009. These events all have strong horizontal fields, slowly varying with position. Using the superposed epoch method, we find that the averaged peak field is about 45 nT, which is well above the average ambient ionospheric field of 20 nT, with a full width at half maximum duration of 32 s, equivalent to a width of about 300 km. Considering the field orientation preference and spacecraft trajectory geometry, we conclude that these strong fields are found over the northern hemisphere with an occurrence frequency of more than 33% during solar minimum. They do not show a preference for any particular interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation. However, they are found over the geographic pole more often when the interplanetary field is in the Venus orbital plane than when it is perpendicular to the orbital plane of Venus. The structures were found most frequently in the −E hemisphere, determined from the IMF orientation. The enhanced magnetic field is mainly quasi perpendicular to solar wind flow direction, and it is suggested that these structures form in the low‐altitude collisional ionosphere where the diffusion and convection times are long.
Intraseasonal to seasonal variability of the intermediate waters along the Kuroshio path east of Taiwan
Authors: Mensah Vigan , Jan Sen , Chang Ming‐Huei , Yang Yiing‐Jang 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe variability of the intermediate water (IW) east of Luzon and Taiwan is investigated using data acquired from moored instrumented lines and shipboard hydrographic and current velocity surveys. The IW is defined as the water mass with a local salinity minimum along the Kuroshio path. An empirical formula is developed to estimate the IW salinity minimum east of Taiwan using temperature measurements around 580 m depth. Properties of the IW east of Taiwan vary greatly as a result of variable contributions from three water masses including the high‐salinity South China Sea Intermediate Water (SCSIW), the low‐salinity North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW), and the intermediate‐salinity Kuroshio Intermediate Water (KIW). Our analysis concludes that NPIW is predominantly found east of Taiwan, and the northward transport of KIW from northeast of Luzon to east of Taiwan is not a steady process. Concurrent mooring measurements at these two locations enable us to correlate the variations of the layer thickness of the Kuroshio near its origin (KLTo) northeast of Luzon to the nature of the IW east of Taiwan. When the Kuroshio is deep, i.e., large KLTo, KIW is transported northward across the Luzon Strait, where its salinity increases presumably due to turbulence mixing with SCSIW. This modified KIW is then transported to the east of Taiwan. When the Kuroshio is shallow, i.e., small KLTo, the KIW transport east of Luzon is nil or southward. East of Taiwan, NPIW feeds in below the Kuroshio and is transported northward beyond the I‐Lan Ridge.
Seasonal Variation in the Price Discovery Process of International Wheat
Authors: Arnade Carlos , Vocke Gary 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper uses the Gonzalo–Granger price discovery method to determine whether wheat prices are primarily discovered in the Northern Hemisphere or Southern Hemisphere and whether the price discovery process changes throughout the calendar year. Testing U.S. hard red winter prices against Argentina's wheat price we find that the United States dominates the price discovery process 7 months of the year. Testing U.S Portland soft white prices against Australia's wheat price we find that both countries play a significant role in price discovery but the relative country contribution to price formation varies throughout the year. We also find that the price discovery process changes over time. [EconLit citations: D4, C1, F15].
Cognitive function in chronic rhinosinusitis: a controlled clinical study
Authors: Soler Zachary M. , Eckert Mark A. , Storck Kristina , Schlosser Rodney J. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundCognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has previously received little attention. Cognitive data generally includes only subjective measures and lack appropriate controls when cognition is considered. The purpose of this study was to characterize dimensions of cognitive function that are affected in patients with CRS compared to a control sample using subjective and objective measures of cognitive function.MethodsPatients fulfilling diagnostic criteria for CRS and non‐CRS controls were recruited from the same clinical reference population. Patient‐reported cognitive dysfunction was assessed using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and fatigue via the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Objective cognitive function was assessed using a battery of tests from the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM) computerized platform.ResultsA total of 100 subjects were enrolled, including 50 patients with active CRS and 50 control subjects. Patients with CRS scored significantly worse in subjective cognition as measured by total CFQ scores (38.3 ± 16.5 vs 30.9 ± 12.5; p = 0.009) and the FSS (4.2 ± 1.6 vs 3.0 ± 1.5; p = 0.001). Patients with CRS were also found to have worse simple reaction time scores compared to controls without CRS (162.4 ± 56.2 vs 193.0 ± 44.6; p = 0.003). These differences persisted regardless of polyp status. Performance differences for FSS and SRT measures remained significant after controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, allergic rhinitis, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, depression, and antihistamine usage.ConclusionPatients with CRS report significantly more cognitive dysfunction and fatigue on validated instruments and had worse reaction times on computerized testing. Further study is necessary to determine whether available treatments impact these measures.
Analysis of the clinical backgrounds of patients who developed respiratory acidosis under high‐flow oxygen therapy during emergency transport
Authors: Ogino Hirokazu , Nishimura Naoki , Yamano Yasuhiko , Ishikawa Genta , Tomishima Yutaka , Jinta Torahiko , Takahashi Osamu , Chohnabayashi Naohiko 
Published: June 2015

AimHigh‐flow oxygen is often administered to patients during emergency transport and can sometimes cause respiratory acidosis with disturbed consciousness, thereby necessitating mechanical ventilation. Although oxygen titration in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients during emergency transport reduces mortality rates, the clinical risk factors for respiratory acidosis in emergency settings are not fully understood. Therefore, we analyzed the clinical backgrounds of patients who developed respiratory acidosis during pre‐hospital transport.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of patients who arrived at our hospital by emergency transport in 2010 who received high‐flow oxygen while in transit. Respiratory acidosis was defined by the following arterial blood gas readings: pH, ≤7.35; PaCO2, ≥45 mmHg; and HCO3−, ≥24 mmol/L. The risk factors were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsIn 765 study patients, 66 patients showed respiratory acidosis. The following risk factors for respiratory acidosis were identified: age, ≥65 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7–2.8); transportation time, ≥10 min (OR 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1–3.7); three digits on the Japan Coma Scale (OR 3.1; 95% CI, 1.7–5.8); percutaneous oxygen saturation, ≤90% (OR 1.6; 95% CI, 0.8–3.0); tuberculosis (OR 4.5; 95% CI, 1.4–15.1); asthma (OR 1.8; 95% CI, 0.6–5.3); pneumonia (OR 1.5; 95% CI, 0.7–3.1); and lung cancer (OR 3.9; 95% CI, 1.5–10.1). These underlying diseases as risk factors included both comorbid diseases and past medical conditions.ConclusionsThe factors identified may contribute to the development of respiratory acidosis. Further studies on preventing respiratory acidosis will improve the quality of emergency medical care.