bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic Assessment of Spleen Stiffness Before and After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Placement With or Without Concurrent Embolization of Portal Systemic Collateral Veins in Patients With Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension
Authors: Novelli Paula M. , Cho Kyung , Rubin Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesTo determine the feasibility of spleen stiffness measurement in the evaluation of portal hemodynamics in patients undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) placement.MethodsWe prospectively correlated the spleen stiffness as measured by the shear wave velocity with the portal pressure and portosystemic gradient in patients undergoing TIPS procedures. Twenty‐three consecutive patients referred for placement of a TIPS were enrolled. Included in our study were 19 patients in whom a spleen stiffness measurement was obtained before, immediately after, and 1 to 3 days after placement. Spleen stiffness was measured by calculating the Young modulus estimated from the shear wave velocity. A 2‐tailed nonparametric Mann‐Whitney U test was used to assess statistically significant differences in spleen stiffness measurement after TIPS placement, and regression analysis was used to correlate spleen stiffness measurement with portal pressure.ResultsAfter TIPS placement, the spleen stiffness measurement increased, with a mean increase in the Young modulus ± SD of 6.54 ± 6.29 kPa in 42% of patients (8 of 19). In the remaining 58% (11 of 19), the spleens became softer after TIPS placement (Young modulus decreased by 9.57 ± 8.82 kPa). Eight patients, including 5 with concurrent embolization or thrombosis of competitive shunts, had increased spleen stiffness. The mean change in the median spleen stiffness before and after TIPS placement between the patients with and without competitive shunts was statistically significantly different (P < .04, nonparametric Mann‐Whitney U test). There was no measurable correlation between spleen stiffness measurement and portal pressure before and after TIPS placement.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the feasibility of a noninvasive spleen stiffness measurement, which could complement conventional sonography with additional functional information in patients undergoing TIPS procedures.
Shape‐Based Approach for Coronary Calcium Lesion Volume Measurement on Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging and Its Association With Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness
Authors: Araki Tadashi , Ikeda Nobutaka , Dey Nilanjan , Acharjee Suvojit , Molinari Filippo , Saba Luca , Godia Elisa Cuadrado , Nicolaides Andrew , Suri Jasjit S. 
Published: February 2015

ObjectivesCoronary calcification plays an important role in diagnostic classification of lesion subsets. According to histopathologic studies, vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque contains calcified deposits, and there can be considerable variation in the extent and degree of calcification. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has demonstrated its role in imaging coronary arteries, thereby displaying calcium lesions. The aim of this work was to develop a fully automated system for detection, area and volume measurement, and characterization of the largest calcium deposits in coronary arteries. Furthermore, we demonstrate the correlation between the coronary calcium IVUS volume and the neurologic risk biomarker B‐mode carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT).MethodsOur system automatically detects the frames with calcium, identifies the largest calcium region, and performs shape‐based volume measurements. The carotid IMT is measured by using AtheroEdge software (AtheroPoint, LLC) on B‐mode ultrasound imaging.ResultsOur database consists of low‐contrast IVUS videos and corresponding B‐mode images from 100 patients. Our experiments showed that the correlation between calcium volumes and carotid IMT was higher for the left carotid artery compared to the right carotid artery (r = 0.066 for the left carotid artery and 0.121 for the right carotid artery). We obtained 97% accuracy for automated calcium detection compared against the scoring given by our expert radiologists. Furthermore, we benchmarked shape‐based volume measurement against the conventional method, which used integration of regions and showed a correlation of 84%.ConclusionsSince carotid IMT is an independent prognostic factor for myocardial infarction, and calcium lesions are correlated with stroke risk, we believe that this automated system for calcium volume measurement could be useful for assessing patients' cardiovascular risk.
Improving snow albedo processes in WRF/SSiB regional climate model to assess impact of dust and black carbon in snow on surface energy balance and hydrology over western U.S.
Authors: Oaida Catalina M. , Xue Yongkang , Flanner Mark G. , Skiles S. McKenzie , De Sales Fernando , Painter Thomas H. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractTwo important factors that control snow albedo are snow grain growth and presence of light‐absorbing impurities (aerosols) in snow. However, current regional climate models do not include such processes in a physically based manner in their land surface models. We improve snow albedo calculations in the Simplified Simple Biosphere (SSiB) land surface model coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) regional climate model (RCM), by incorporating the physically based SNow ICe And Radiative (SNICAR) scheme. SNICAR simulates snow albedo evolution due to snow aging and presence of aerosols in snow. The land surface model is further modified to account for deposition, movement, and removal by meltwater of such impurities in the snowpack. This paper presents model development technique, validation with in situ observations, and preliminary results from RCM simulations investigating the impact of such impurities in snow on surface energy and water budgets. By including snow‐aerosol interactions, the new land surface model is able to realistically simulate observed snow albedo, snow grain size, dust in snow, and surface water and energy balances in offline simulations for a location in western U.S. Preliminary results with the fully coupled RCM show that over western U.S., realistic aerosol deposition in snow induces a springtime average radiative forcing of 16 W/m2 due to a 6% albedo reduction, a regional surface warming of 0.84°C, and a snowpack reduction of 11 mm.
Observed anomalous atmospheric patterns in summers of unusual Arctic sea ice melt
Authors: Knudsen Erlend M. , Orsolini Yvan J. , Furevik Tore , Hodges Kevin I. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe Arctic sea ice retreat has accelerated over the last decade. The negative trend is largest in summer, but substantial interannual variability still remains. Here we explore observed atmospheric conditions and feedback mechanisms during summer months of anomalous sea ice melt in the Arctic. Compositing months of anomalous low and high sea ice melt over 1979–2013, we find distinct patterns in atmospheric circulation, precipitation, radiation, and temperature. Compared to summer months of anomalous low sea ice melt, high melt months are characterized by anomalous high sea level pressure in the Arctic (up to 7 hPa), with a corresponding tendency of storms to track on a more zonal path. As a result, the Arctic receives less precipitation overall and 39% less snowfall. This lowers the albedo of the region and reduces the negative feedback the snowfall provides for the sea ice. With an anticyclonic tendency, 12 W/m2 more incoming shortwave radiation reaches the surface in the start of the season. The melting sea ice in turn promotes cloud development in the marginal ice zones and enhances downwelling longwave radiation at the surface toward the end of the season. A positive cloud feedback emerges. In midlatitudes, the more zonally tracking cyclones give stormier, cloudier, wetter, and cooler summers in most of northern Europe and around the Sea of Okhotsk. Farther south, the region from the Mediterranean Sea to East Asia experiences significant surface warming (up to 2.4°C), possibly linked to changes in the jet stream.
Large snowmelt versus rainfall events in the mountains
Authors: Fassnacht Steven R. , Records Rosemary M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWhile snow is the dominant precipitation type in mountain regions, estimates of rainfall are used for design, even though snowmelt provides most of the runoff. Daily data were used to estimate the 10 and 100 year, 24 h snowmelt, precipitation, and rainfall events at 90 Snow Telemetry stations across the Southern Rocky Mountains. Three probability distributions were compared, and the Pearson type III distribution yielded the most conservative estimates. Precipitation was on average 33% and 28% more than rainfall for the 10 and 100 year events. Snowfall exceeded rainfall at most of the stations and was on average 53% and 38% more for the 10 and 100 year events. On average, snowmelt was 15% and 8.9% more than precipitation. Where snow accumulation is substantial, it is recommended that snowmelt be considered in conjunction with rainfall and precipitation frequencies to develop flood frequencies.
The signature of mesoscale eddies on the air‐sea turbulent heat fluxes in the South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Villas Bôas A. B. , Sato O. T. , Chaigneau A. , Castelão G. P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractBy collocating 10 years (1999–2009) of remotely sensed surface turbulent heat fluxes with satellite altimetry data, we investigate the impact of oceanic mesoscale eddies on the latent and sensible heat fluxes in the South Atlantic Ocean. In strongly energetic regions, such as the Brazil–Malvinas confluence and the Agulhas Current Retroflection, eddies explain up to 20% of the total variance in the surface turbulent heat fluxes with averaged anomalies of ± (10–20) W/m2. Cyclonic (anticyclonic, respectively) eddies are associated with negative (positive) heat flux anomalies that tend to cool (warm) the marine atmospheric boundary layer. A composite analysis of the turbulent heat flux anomalies inside the eddies reveals a direct relationship between eddy amplitude and the intensity of such anomalies. In addition, these anomalies are stronger near the eddy center, decaying radially to reach minimum values outside the eddies.
Satellite view of quasi‐equilibrium states in tropical convection and precipitation microphysics
Authors: Matsui Toshi , Tao Wei‐Kuo , Munchak S. Joseph , Grecu Mircea , Huffman George J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis study shows the time series of statistical composites of precipitation‐microphysics signals derived from long‐term Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite observations aggregated over the entire tropical domain (37°N–37°S). The result shows the nearly time‐invariant monthly signal statistics throughout this time, confirming convection quasi‐equilibrium (CQE) states. Merged precipitation data, with much better temporal and spatial coverage, provide evidence that the equilibrium state occurs on a daily scale. These results further indicate the presence of precipitation microphysics quasi‐equilibrium (MQE) within the CQE environment. A simple analytic microphysics framework illustrates the equilibrium precipitation size distribution, as compared with the TRMM radar‐based as well as preliminary Global Precipitation Measurement combined retrievals. The MQE readily explains the near‐constant tropical precipitation rate, which is roughly balanced with atmospheric radiative cooling rate at the entire tropical scale. Further investigation is required through theoretical, observational, and numerical manners to support the MQE hypothesis.
Microimaging transienter Konzentrationsprofile von Reaktant‐ und Produktmolekülen während einer katalytischen Umwandlung in nanoporösen Materialien
Authors: Titze Tobias , Chmelik Christian , Kullmann Jens , Prager Lutz , Miersemann Erich , Gläser Roger , Enke Dirk , Weitkamp Jens , Kärger Jörg 
Published: February 2015

AbstractMicroimaging mittels IR‐Mikroskopie wird verwendet, um die Entwicklung der Konzentrationsprofile von Reaktant‐ und Produktmolekülen während einer katalytischen Reaktion aufzuzeichnen. Beobachtet wird dazu die Hydrierung von Benzol zu Cyclohexan an Nickel‐Nanopartikeln in einem nanoporösen Glas als Trägermaterial. Da der Porennutzungsgrad definiert ist als Quotient aus effektiver Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit und Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit ohne Diffusionslimitierung, wird er herkömmlicherweise bestimmt, indem Reaktionsgeschwindigkeiten für unterschiedlich starke Transportlimitierungen miteinander verglichen werden. Die Variation der “Limitierung” erfolgt dabei durch die Veränderung geeigneter Systemparameter, wie z. B. der Partikelgröße des nanoporösen Katalysatorträgers. Mit den neuen Möglichkeiten des Microimagings kann der Porennutzungsgrad in einer einzigen Messung bestimmt werden, indem lediglich die Verteilung der Reaktant‐ und Produktmoleküle im Katalysator verfolgt wird.
Discrimination Between 8‐Oxo‐2′‐Deoxyguanosine and 2′‐Deoxyguanosine in DNA by the Single Nucleotide Primer Extension Reaction with Adap Triphosphate
Authors: Taniguchi Yosuke , Kikukawa Yoshiya , Sasaki Shigeki 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe adenosine derivative of 2‐oxo‐1,3‐diazaphenoxazine (Adap) exhibits a superb ability to recognize and form base pairs with 8‐oxo‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐oxo‐dG) in duplex DNA. In this study, the triphosphate of Adap (dAdapTP) was synthesized and tested for single nucleotide incorporation into primer strands using the Klenow Fragment. The efficiency of dAdapTP incorporation into 8‐oxo‐dG‐containing templates was more than 36‐fold higher than with dG‐containing templates, and provides better discrimination than does the incorporation of natural 2′‐deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP). The selective incorporation of dAdapTP into 8‐oxo‐dG templates was therefore applied to the detection of 8‐oxo‐dG in human telomeric DNA sequences extracted from H2O2‐treated HeLa cells. The enzymatic incorporation of dAdapTP into 8‐oxo‐dG‐containing templates may provide a novel basis for sequencing oxidative DNA damage in the genome.
The Design of Dual Emitting Cores for Green Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Materials
Authors: Cho Yong Joo , Jeon Sang Kyu , Chin Byung Doo , Yu Eunsun , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: February 2015

AbstractDual emitting cores for thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters were developed. Relative to the corresponding TADF emitter with a single emitting core the TADF emitter with a dual emitting core, 3,3′,5,5′‐tetra(carbazol‐9‐yl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2,2′,6,6′‐tetracarbonitrile, showed enhanced light absorption accompanied by a high photoluminescence quantum yield. The quantum and power efficiencies of the TADF devices were enhanced by the dual emitting cores.
Phenanthriporphyrin: An Antiaromatic Aceneporphyrinoid as a Ligand for a Hypervalent Organophosphorus(V) Moiety
Authors: Szyszko Bartosz , Białońska Agata , Szterenberg Ludmiła , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe incorporation of a phenanthrene moiety into a porphyrin framework results in the formation of a hybrid macrocycle—phenanthriporphyrin—merging the structural features of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and porphyrins. An antiaromatic aceneporphyrinoid, adopting the trianionic {CCNN} core, is suitable for the incorporation of a phosphorus(V) center to form a hypervalent organophosphorus(V) derivative.
Mild Deoxygenation of Aromatic Ketones and Aldehydes over Pd/C Using Polymethylhydrosiloxane as the Reducing Agent
Authors: Volkov Alexey , Gustafson Karl P. J. , Tai Cheuk‐Wai , Verho Oscar , Bäckvall Jan‐E. , Adolfsson Hans 
Published: February 2015

AbstractHerein, a practical and mild method for the deoxygenation of a wide range of benzylic aldehydes and ketones is described, which utilizes heterogeneous Pd/C as the catalyst together with the green hydride source, polymethylhydrosiloxane. The developed catalytic protocol is scalable and robust, as exemplified by the deoxygenation of ethyl vanillin, which was performed on a 30 mmol scale in an open‐to‐air setup using only 0.085 mol % Pd/C catalyst to furnish the corresponding deoxygenated product in 93 % yield within 3 hours at room temperature. Furthermore, the Pd/C catalyst was shown to be recyclable up to 6 times without any observable decrease in efficiency and it exhibited low metal leaching under the reaction conditions.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Vicinal Amino Alcohols Synthesis from Allyl Amines by In Situ Tether Formation and Carboetherification
Authors: Orcel Ugo , Waser Jerome 
Published: February 2015

AbstractVicinal amino alcohols are important structural motifs of bioactive compounds. Reported herein is an efficient method for their synthesis based on the palladium‐catalyzed oxy‐alkynylation, oxy‐arylation, or oxy‐vinylation of allylic amines. High regio‐ and stereoselectivity were ensured through the in situ formation of a hemiaminal tether using the cheap commercially available trifluoroacetaldehyde in its hemiacetal form. The obtained compounds are important building blocks, which can be orthogonally deprotected to give either free alcohols, amines, or terminal alkynes.
Cobalt Phosphide Nanowires: Efficient Nanostructures for Fluorescence Sensing of Biomolecules and Photocatalytic Evolution of Dihydrogen from Water under Visible Light
Authors: Tian Jingqi , Cheng Ningyan , Liu Qian , Xing Wei , Sun Xuping 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe detection of specific DNA sequences plays an important role in the identification of disease‐causing pathogens and genetic diseases, and photochemical water splitting offers a promising avenue to sustainable, environmentally friendly hydrogen production. Cobalt–phosphorus nanowires (CoP NWs) show a high fluorescence quenching ability and different affinity toward single‐ versus double‐stranded DNA. Based on this result, the utilization of CoP NWs as fluorescent DNA nanosensors with a detection limit of 100 pM and a selectivity down to single‐base mismatch was demonstrated. The use of a thrombin‐specific DNA aptamer also enabled the selective detection of thrombin. The photoinduced electron transfer from the excited dye that labels the oligonucleotide probe to the CoP semiconductor led to efficient fluorescence quenching, and largely enhanced the photocatalytic evolution of hydrogen from water under visible light.
Polyfunctional macromonomers obtained from 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl) propanoic acid and tall oil fatty acids
Authors: Mejía María C. , Murillo Edwin A. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTMacromonomers (MMs) were obtained with different proportions of dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) and tall oil fatty acid (TOFA). The MMs were characterized by their acid value (AV), their hydroxyl value (OHV), IR spectroscopy, NMR, electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry, UV spectroscopy, rheological, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, gloss, flexibility, and adherence analyses. The presence of hydroxyl and ester groups and double bonds were confirmed by IR and NMR analyses. IR analysis showed that the intensity of the OH groups decreased with the addition of TOFA. In all cases, the AVs of the MMs were lower than those of DMPA and TOFA. By electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry, the formation of the DMPA homopolymers and structures with molecular weights higher than that of DMPA were observed. All of the MMs were amorphous. The viscosity of the MMs decreased with the addition of TOFA. The gloss values of the MMs at 85° were higher than 100, and the flexibility was good. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42029.
Response of Corynebacterium glutamicum exposed to oscillating cultivation conditions in a two‐ and a novel three‐compartment scale‐down bioreactor
Authors: Lemoine Anja , Maya Martίnez‐Iturralde Nina , Spann Robert , Neubauer Peter , Junne Stefan 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTThe oscillatory conditions in substrate and oxygen supply that typically occur on a large (industrial) scale are usually simulated in two‐compartment scale‐down reactors. In this study, the performance of nutrient‐limited fed‐batch cultivations of Corynebacterium glutamicum in a standard two‐compartment reactor (two‐CR) is compared to the performance in a novel three‐compartment reactor (three‐CR). The three‐CR is designed to mimic three distinct zones of an industrial scale bioreactor that occur if the feed addition is installed at the bottom of the fluid phase. Our findings show that lactate and succinate appear in concentrations two‐fold higher in the three‐CR cultivation than in the two‐CR cultivation. Similar results are revealed for the amino acids glycine, threonine, glutamate, and glutamine. In contrast to the two‐CR cultivation, no intracellular accumulation of pyruvate is observed in the three‐CR cultivation, since the carbon fluxes are directed toward lactate. As previously reported, the expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is increased in the context of oxygen deprivation. Thus, C. glutamicum adapts to the oscillating environment in the three‐CR. This successful adaptation is revealed by a flow cytometric analysis of BOX‐stained cells and a series of electrooptical at line measurements of cell polarisability. Both methods indicate a higher polarisability of cells in the three‐CR cultivation. PI‐staining does not indicate any membrane damage or accelerated cell death in either system. However, although the strain shows robustness, the product yield of lysine is reduced in scale‐down cultivations as compared to cultivations at homogeneous conditions, which underlines the relevance of process optimization. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 1220–1231. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Simple Iridicycle Catalyst for Efficient Transfer Hydrogenation of N‐Heterocycles in Water
Authors: Talwar Dinesh , Li Ho Yin , Durham Emma , Xiao Jianliang 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA cyclometalated iridium complex is shown to catalyse the transfer hydrogenation of various nitrogen heterocycles, including but not limited to quinolines, isoquinolines, indoles and pyridinium salts, in an aqueous solution of HCO2H/HCO2Na under mild conditions. The catalyst shows excellent functional‐group compatibility and high turnover number (up to 7500), with catalyst loadings as low as 0.01 mol % being feasible. Mechanistic investigation of the quinoline reduction suggests that the transfer hydrogenation proceeds via both 1,2‐ and 1,4‐addition pathways, with the catalytic turnover being limited by the step of hydride transfer.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed CH Arylations with Weakly‐Coordinating Amides and Tetrazoles: Expedient Route to Angiotensin‐II‐Receptor Blockers
Authors: Li Jie , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: February 2015

AbstractCobalt‐catalyzed CH arylations enabled the synthesis of biaryl tetrazoles, which are key structural motifs in antihypertensive angiotensin‐II‐receptor blockers. Thus, weakly‐coordinating benzamides were employed for step‐economical CH arylations with ample scope. Further, a low‐valent NHC complex enabled first cobalt‐catalyzed CH functionalization by tetrazole assistance.