bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of variables associated with the relationship between obesity and depression
Authors: Preiss K. , Brennan L. , Clarke D. 
Published: July 2013

SummaryObesity is one of the leading causes of preventable diseases and disability worldwide, and depression is among the leading causes of burden of disease. Both disorders are increasingly prevalent and comorbid. This comorbidity compounds associated health. While there is consistent evidence of a bidirectional obesity depression relationship, little is known about the biopsychosocial variables associated with this relationship. A systematic review was undertaken to identify variables associated with the relationship between obesity (Body mass index > 30 kg m−2) and depression. Forty‐six studies were identified. Obesity, educational attainment, body image, binge eating, physical health, psychological characteristics and interpersonal effectiveness were consistently associated with the relationship between obesity and depression. The current review identified potential biopsychosocial variables associated with the relationship between obesity and depression. This knowledge can inform future research examining moderators, mediators and mechanisms of the relationship between obesity and depression. Improved understanding of this relationship will inform identification, prevention and intervention efforts.
Prevalence of Diagnosed Opioid Abuse and its Economic Burden in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Baser Onur , Xie Lin , Mardekian Jack , Schaaf David , Wang Li , Joshi Ashish V. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate prevalence and risk‐adjusted healthcare costs of diagnosed opioid abuse in the national Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Costs were compared between patients with and without diagnosed opioid abuse.DesignMedical and pharmacy claims analysis of VHA data (10/01/2006 to 09/30/2010) were retrospectively analyzed. Prevalence was calculated as the percent of patients with diagnosed opioid abuse for the entire VHA membership and those with noncancer pain diagnoses, compared between patients prescribed opioids prior to abuse diagnosis and those not prescribed opioids through the VHA system. Healthcare utilization and costs were estimated using matching techniques and generalized linear models to control for clinical and demographic differences between patients with and without diagnosed opioid abuse. Separate comparisons were made (with diagnosed abuse vs. without) for each cohort: patients with/without opioid prescriptions.ResultsFive‐year diagnosed opioid abuse was 1.11%. Among patients prescribed opioids, 5‐year abuse prevalence was 3.04%. Pain patients prescribed opioids had the highest abuse rate at 3.26%. Adjusted annual healthcare costs for diagnosed opioid abuse patients were higher than for those without diagnosed abuse, (prescribed opioids overall healthcare costs: $28,882, with diagnosed abuse vs. $13,605 for those without; not prescribed opioids: $25,197 vs. $6350, P‐value< 0.0001; opioid‐specific healthcare costs for patients prescribed opioids: $8956 vs. $218; patients not prescribed opioids: $8733 vs. $20).ConclusionsDiagnosed opioid abuse prevalence is almost 7‐fold higher in the veteran's administration population than in commercial health plans and translates to a significant economic burden. Appropriate interventions should be considered to prevent and reduce opioid abuse.
Atypical Location of Lymphocytoma Cutis in a Child
Authors: Amschler Katharina , Schön Michael P. , Mempel Martin , Zutt Markus 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLyme borreliosis is a common infectious disease that can affect myocardial muscle or the central nervous system if not treated at an early stage. Here we report a unique case of an atypical location of lymphocytoma cutis in a 3‐year‐old boy. Histologic and immunohistochemical analysis revealed the correct diagnosis.
Red blood cell transfusion practice in children: current status and areas for improvement? A study of the use of red blood cell transfusions in children and infants
Authors: New Helen V. , Grant‐Casey John , Lowe Derek , Kelleher Andrea , Hennem Sylvia , Stanworth Simon J. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundPatterns of red blood cell (RBC) transfusion are less well understood for children than adults. This study was undertaken to document current pediatric practice, to identify specific areas for improving patient care and safety.Study Design and MethodsAll UK hospitals were invited to participate. All children less than 18 years old admitted and receiving a RBC transfusion during a 3‐month period in 2009 were eligible for inclusion.ResultsA total of 160 of 247 (65%) sites treating children or neonates responded; 119 provided data on 1302 pediatric patients transfused in nonneonatal wards. A total of 74% of patients received a single RBC transfusion during their admission. More than half (53%) of recipients had a hematologic or oncologic underlying diagnosis, and 33% were on general pediatric wards. The median pretransfusion hemoglobin (Hb) level was 7.9 g/dL (interquartile range [IQR], 6.9‐9.4 g/dL), varying by location and diagnosis. The median volume prescribed was 15 mL/kg (IQR, 11.8‐19.2 mL/kg). Prescribing by units instead of milliliters was recorded for 493 of 1264 (39%) of transfusions. For 734 of 1302 (56%) where Hb levels were available within 2 days between pre‐ and posttransfusion Hb, the median transfusion increment was 2.8 g/dL (IQR, 1.4‐3.9 g/dL).ConclusionThis study of UK pediatric RBC transfusion practice has demonstrated significant variation in pretransfusion Hb, frequent prescribing in units rather than milliliters, and a high proportion of single transfusions during admissions. Future education and research should target transfusion triggers and prescription volumes for children in all clinical areas.
Effects of cryopreservation on microbial‐contaminated cord blood
Authors: Clark Pamela , Trickett Annette , Saffo Sandra , Stark Damien 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundCord blood units (CBUs) are associated with significant risk of exposure to microbial contamination during collection and processing; however, the survival of bacteria within aCBUis poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether contaminating organisms inCBUsurvive the cryopreservation, frozen storage, and subsequent thawing conditions before infusion.Study Design and MethodsA total of 134CBUsrejected from banking due to known contamination were thawed and rescreened using blood culture bottles (BacT/ALERT, bioMérieux). An additional 61 freshCBUswere deliberately spiked with a range of microbial organisms and evaluated both before freeze and after thaw.ResultsMicrobial contaminants were detected after thaw in 63% of stored contaminatedCBUsand 85% of spikedCBUs. Postthaw organism detection in spiked cord blood (CB) was higher in adult culture bottles (80%) than pediatric culture bottles (61%). Twenty percent of spiked organisms, particularlyBacillus subtilis,Escherichia coli,Clostridium sporogenes, andPropionibacterium acnes, were not detected in prefreeze samples but were detectable after thaw.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the majority of contaminating organisms isolated in a prefreeze sample ofCBhave the ability to survive cryopreservation, frozen storage, and thawing. Further,CBUsreported as microbial free may contain microbial contamination, which could result in transplantation of contaminatedCBand be potentially deleterious to a patient.
A complete self-testing and self-configuring NoC infrastructure for cost-effective MPSoCs
Authors: Ghiribaldi Alberto , Ludovici Daniele , Triviño Francisco , Strano Alessandro , Flich José , Sánchez José LUIS , Alfaro Francisco , Favalli Michele , Bertozzi Davide 
Published: July 2013

Networks-on-chip need to survive to manufacturing faults in order to sustain yield. An effective testing and configuration strategy however implies two opposite requirements. One one hand, a fast and scalable built-in self-testing and self-diagnosis procedure has to be carried out concurrently at NoC switches. On the other hand, programming the NoC routing mechanism to go around faulty links and switches can be optimally performed by a centralized controller with global network visibility. To the best of our knowledge, this article proposes for the first time a global network testing and configuration strategy that meets the opposite requirements by means of a fault-tolerant dual network architecture and a fast configuration algorithm for the most common failure patterns.
Experimental results report an area overhead as low as 12.5% with respect to the baseline switch architecture while achieving a high degree of fault tolerance. In fact, even when multiple stuck-at faults are considered, the capability of fault masking by the dual network is always over 80%, and the support for multiple link failures is more than 90% in presence of two unusable links in the main network with minimum set-up times.
To hardware prefetch or not to prefetch?
Authors: Kang Hui , Wong Jennifer L. 
Published: July 2013

Most hardware and software venders suggest disabling hardware prefetching in virtualized environments. They claim that prefetching is detrimental to application performance due to inaccurate prediction caused by workload diversity and VM interference on shared cache. However, no comprehensive or quantitative measurements to support this belief have been performed.
This paper is the first to systematically measure the influence of hardware prefetching in virtualized environments. We examine a wide variety of benchmarks on three types of chip-multiprocessors (CMPs) to analyze the hardware prefetching performance. We conduct extensive experiments by taking into account a number of important virtualization factors. We find that hardware prefetching has minimal destructive influence under most configurations. Only with certain application combinations does prefetching influence the overall performance.
To leverage these findings and make hardware prefetching effective across a diversity of virtualized environments, we propose a dynamic prefetching-aware VCPU-core binding approach (PAVCB), which includes two phases - classifying and binding. The workload of each VM is classified into different cache sharing constraint categories based upon its cache access characteristics, considering both prefetch requests and demand requests. Then following heuristic rules, the VCPUs of each VM are scheduled onto appropriate cores subject to cache sharing constraints. We show that the proposed approach can improve performance by 12% on average over the default scheduler and 46% over manual system administrator bindings across different workload combinations in the presence of hardware prefetching.
Fine-grained fault tolerance using device checkpoints
Authors: Kadav Asim , Renzelmann Matthew J. , Swift Michael M. 
Published: July 2013

Recovering faults in drivers is difficult compared to other code because their state is spread across both memory and a device. Existing driver fault-tolerance mechanisms either restart the driver and discard its state, which can break applications, or require an extensive logging mechanism to replay requests and recreate driver state. Even logging may be insufficient, though, if the semantics of requests are ambiguous. In addition, these systems either require large subsystems that must be kept up-to-date as the kernel changes, or require substantial rewriting of drivers.
We present a new driver fault-tolerance mechanism that provides fine-grained control over the code protected. Fine-Grained Fault Tolerance (FGFT) isolates driver code at the granularity of a single entry point. It executes driver code as a transaction, allowing roll back if the driver fails. We develop a novel checkpointing mechanism to save and restore device state using existing power management code. Unlike past systems, FGFT can be incrementally deployed in a single driver without the need for a large kernel subsystem, but at the cost of small modifications to the driver.
In the evaluation, we show that FGFT can have almost zero runtime cost in many cases, and that checkpoint-based recovery can reduce the duration of a failure by 79% compared to restarting the driver. Finally, we show that applying FGFT to a driver requires little effort, and the majority of drivers in common classes already contain the power-management code needed for checkpoint/restore.
Asynchronous functional reactive programming for GUIs
Authors: Czaplicki Evan , Chong Stephen 
Published: July 2013

Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) mediate many of our interactions with computers. Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) is a promising approach to GUI design, providing high-level, declarative, compositional abstractions to describe user interactions and time-dependent computations. We present Elm, a practical FRP language focused on easy creation of responsive GUIs. Elm has two major features: simple declarative support for
Asynchronous FRP
; and purely functional graphical layout.

Asynchronous FRP allows the programmer to specify when the global ordering of event processing can be violated, and thus enables efficient concurrent execution of FRP programs; long-running computation can be executed asynchronously and not adversely affect the responsiveness of the user interface.
Layout in Elm is achieved using a purely functional declarative framework that makes it simple to create and combine text, images, and video into rich multimedia displays.
Together, Elm's two major features simplify the complicated task of creating responsive and usable GUIs.
A general constraint-centric scheduling framework for spatial architectures
Authors: Nowatzki Tony , Sartin-Tarm Michael , De Carli Lorenzo , Sankaralingam Karthikeyan , Estan Cristian , Robatmili Behnam 
Published: July 2013

Specialized execution using spatial architectures provides energy efficient computation, but requires effective algorithms for spatially scheduling the computation. Generally, this has been solved with architecture-specific heuristics, an approach which suffers from poor compiler/architect productivity, lack of insight on optimality, and inhibits migration of techniques between architectures.
Our goal is to develop a scheduling framework usable for all spatial architectures. To this end, we expresses spatial scheduling as a constraint satisfaction problem using Integer Linear Programming (ILP). We observe that architecture primitives and scheduler responsibilities can be related through five abstractions: placement of computation, routing of data, managing event timing, managing resource utilization, and forming the optimization objectives. We encode these responsibilities as 20 general ILP constraints, which are used to create schedulers for the disparate TRIPS, DySER, and PLUG architectures. Our results show that a general declarative approach using ILP is implementable, practical, and typically matches or outperforms specialized schedulers.
Using managed runtime systems to tolerate holes in wearable memories
Authors: Gao Tiejun , Strauss Karin , Blackburn Stephen M. , McKinley Kathryn S. , Burger Doug , Larus James 
Published: July 2013

New memory technologies, such as phase-change memory (PCM), promise denser and cheaper main memory, and are expected to displace DRAM. However, many of them experience permanent failures far more quickly than DRAM. DRAM mechanisms that handle permanent failures rely on very low failure rates and, if directly applied to PCM, are extremely inefficient: Discarding a page when the first line fails wastes 98% of the memory.
This paper proposes low complexity cooperative software and hardware that handle failure rates as high as 50%. Our approach makes error handling transparent to the application by using the memory abstraction offered by managed languages. Once hardware error correction for a memory line is exhausted, rather than discarding the entire page, the hardware communicates the failed line to a failure-aware OS and runtime. The runtime ensures memory allocations never use failed lines and moves data when lines fail during program execution. This paper describes minimal extensions to an Immix mark-region garbage collector, which correctly utilizes pages with failed physical lines by skipping over failures. This paper also proposes hardware support that clusters failed lines at one end of a memory region to reduce fragmentation and improve performance under failures. Contrary to accepted hardware wisdom that advocates for wear-leveling, we show that with software support non-uniform failures delay the impact of memory failure. Together, these mechanisms incur no performance overhead when there are no failures and at failure levels of 10% to 50% suffer only an average overhead of 4% and 12%}, respectively. These results indicate that hardware and software cooperation can greatly extend the life of wearable memories.
AutoSynch
Authors: Hung Wei-Lun , Garg Vijay K. 
Published: July 2013

Most programming languages use monitors with explicit signals for synchronization in shared-memory programs. Requiring programmers to signal threads explicitly results in many concurrency bugs due to missed notifications, or notifications on wrong condition variables. In this paper, we describe an implementation of an automatic signaling monitor in Java called AutoSynch that eliminates such concurrency bugs by removing the burden of signaling from the programmer. We show that the belief that automatic signaling monitors are prohibitively expensive is wrong. For most problems, programs based on AutoSynch are almost as fast as those based on explicit signaling. For some, AutoSynch is even faster than explicit signaling because it never uses signalAll, whereas the programmers end up using signalAll with the explicit signal mechanism.
AutoSynch} achieves efficiency in synchronization based on three novel ideas. We introduce an operation called closure that enables the predicate evaluation in every thread, thereby reducing context switches during the execution of the program. Secondly, AutoSynch avoids signalAll by using a property called relay invariance that guarantees that whenever possible there is always at least one thread whose condition is true which has been signaled. Finally, AutoSynch uses a technique called predicate tagging to efficiently determine a thread that should be signaled. To evaluate the efficiency of AutoSynch, we have implemented many different well-known synchronization problems such as the producers/consumers problem, the readers/writers problems, and the dining philosophers problem. The results show that AutoSynch is almost as efficient as the explicit-signal monitor and even more efficient for some cases.
Predictability of Explosive Cyclogenesis over the Northwestern Pacific Region Using Ensemble Reanalysis
Authors: Kuwano-Yoshida Akira , Enomoto Takeshi 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
The predictability of explosive cyclones over the northwestern Pacific region is investigated using an ensemble reanalysis dataset. Explosive cyclones are categorized into two types according to whether the region of the most rapid development is in the Sea of Okhotsk or Sea of Japan (OJ) or in the northwestern Pacific Ocean (PO). Cyclone-relative composite analyses are performed for analysis increments (the differences between the analysis and the 6-h forecast) and ensemble spreads (the standard deviations of ensemble members of the analysis or first guess) at the time of the maximum deepening rate. The increment composite shows that the OJ explosive cyclone center is forecast too far north compared to the analyzed center, whereas the PO explosive cyclone is forecast shallower than the analyzed center. To understand the cause of these biases, a diagnosis of the increment using the Zwack–Okossi (Z-O) development equation is conducted. The results suggest that the increment characteristics of both the OJ and PO explosive cyclones are associated with the most important cyclone development mechanisms. The OJ explosive cyclone forecast error is related to a deeper upper trough, whereas the PO explosive cyclone error is related to weaker latent heat release in the model. A diagnosis of the spread utilizing the Z-O development equation clarifies the mechanism underlying the uncertainty in the modeled sea level pressure. For OJ explosive cyclones, the spread of adiabatic warming causes substantial sea level pressure spreading southwest of the center of the cyclones. For PO explosive cyclones, the latent heat release causes substantial sea level pressure spreading around the cyclone center.
Probing the stability of the “naked” mucin-like domain of human α-dystroglycan
Authors: Bozzi Manuela , Di Stasio Enrico , Scaglione Giovanni Luca , Desiderio Claudia , Martelli Claudia , Giardina Bruno , Sciandra Francesca , Brancaccio Andrea 
Published: July 2013

Abstract

Background
α-Dystroglycan (α-DG) is heavily glycosylated within its central mucin-like domain. The glycosylation shell of α-dystroglycan is known to largely influence its functional properties toward extracellular ligands. The structural features of this α-dystroglycan domain have been poorly studied so far. For the first time, we have attempted a recombinant expression approach in E. coli cells, in order to analyze by biochemical and biophysical techniques this important domain of the α-dystroglycan core protein.

Results
We expressed the recombinant mucin-like domain of human α-dystroglycan in E. coli cells, and purified it as a soluble peptide of 174 aa. A cleavage event, that progressively emerges under repeated cycles of freeze/thaw, occurs at the carboxy side of Arg461, liberating a 151 aa fragment as revealed by mass spectrometry analysis. The mucin-like peptide lacks any particular fold, as confirmed by its hydrodynamic properties and its fluorescence behavior under guanidine hydrochloride denaturation. Dynamic light scattering has been used to demonstrate that this mucin-like peptide is arranged in a conformation that is prone to aggregation at room temperature, with a melting temperature of ~40°C, which indicates a pronounced instability. Such a conclusion has been corroborated by trypsin limited proteolysis, upon which the protein has been fully degraded in less than 60 min.

Conclusions
Our analysis indirectly confirms the idea that the mucin-like domain of α-dystroglycan needs to be extensively glycosylated in order to reach a stable conformation. The absence/reduction of glycosylation by itself may greatly reduce the stability of the dystroglycan complex. Although an altered pattern of α-dystroglycan O-mannosylation, that is not significantly changing its overall glycosylation fraction, represents the primary molecular clue behind currently known dystroglycanopathies, it cannot be ruled out that still unidentified forms of αDG-related dystrophy might originate by a more substantial reduction of α-dystroglycan glycosylation and by its consequent destabilization.