bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
To appreciate the influence of contributed determinants on dental care utilization in the context of socio-economic inequalities
Authors: Joudi Aydin , Sargeran Katayoun , Hessari Hossein 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
To appreciate dental care utilization in ‌the context of socio-economic inequalities, it is imperative to identify sources of inequalities and evaluate the extent to which dental care utilization is still related to socio-economic status. This study aimed to quantify the influence of contributed determinants on dental care utilization in the context of socio-economic inequalities amongst adults residing in Tehran metropolis.

Methods
In this cross-sectional community-based study, a stratified random sample of 1,510 subjects aged over 18 years was investigated by the zero-inflated Poisson analysis to measure the effect of determinants on utilization of dental care, and concentration index as well as the decomposition approach to identify the contributions of deterministic variables to the socio-economic inequality. Data was obtained by employing a phone interview survey. Individuals who were not willing or able to answer the questions in the telephone interview due to hearing or neurological problems did not participate in the interview. Dental care utilization was measured using the number of dental appointments.

Results
Gender (male), oral health-related behaviors (such as brushing and dental flossing), experience of toothache, and concern about dental appearance were associated with an increased likelihood of utilizing dental care. Individuals who belonged to advanced age groups and lived alone significantly underutilized dental care. The concentration index equaling 0.05 (SE = 0.05) corroborates a pro-rich inequality. Decomposition analysis demonstrated the impact of oral health-related behaviors (i.e. dental brushing and use of dental flossing), concern about dental appearance, toothache, gender (male), insurance coverage of dental care, and smoking habit on the poor-rich gap in the dental care utilization.

Conclusions
The influence of socio-economic inequalities on dental care utilization is discernable along the entire spectrum of socio-economic status. Individuals with lower socio-economic status experience more underutilization of dental care. Community subgroups, particularly the more deprived bracket, require consideration from key stakeholders, including policymakers and health professionals for the enhancement of dental care utilization as revealed by underlying determinants.
Integration of photomagnetic bimodal imaging to monitor an autogenous exosome loaded platform: unveiling strong targeted retention effects for guiding the photothermal and magnetothermal therapy in a mouse prostate cancer model
Authors: Liu Songlu , Shang Wenting , Song Jian , Li Qiubai , Wang Liang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent cancer among males, emphasizing the critical need for precise diagnosis and treatment to enhance patient prognosis. Recent studies have extensively utilized urine exosomes from patients with cancer for targeted delivery. This study aimed to employ highly sensitive magnetic particle imaging (MPI) and fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI) to monitor the targeted delivery of an exosome-loaded platform at the tumour site, offering insights into a potential combined photothermal and magnetic thermal therapy regime for PCa.

Results
MPI and FMI were utilized to monitor the in vivo retention performance of exosomes in a prostate tumour mouse model. The exosome-loaded platform exhibited robust homologous targeting ability during imaging (SPIONs@EXO-Dye:66·48%±3·85%; Dye-SPIONs: 34·57%±7·55%, **P<0·01), as verified by in vitro imaging and in vitro tissue Prussian blue staining.

Conclusions
The experimental data underscore the feasibility of using MPI for in vivo PCa imaging. Furthermore, the exosome-loaded platform may contribute to the precise diagnosis and treatment of PCa.

Graphical Abstract
The impact of mitochondrial impairments on sperm function and male fertility: a systematic review
Authors: Vahedi Raad Minoo , Firouzabadi Amir Masoud , Tofighi Niaki Maryam , Henkel Ralf , Fesahat Farzaneh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Besides adenine triphosphate (ATP) production for sustaining motility, the mitochondria of sperm also host other critical cellular functions during germ cell development and fertilization including calcium homeostasis, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and in some cases steroid hormone biosynthesis. Normal mitochondrial membrane potential with optimal mitochondrial performance is essential for sperm motility, capacitation, acrosome reaction, and DNA integrity.

Results
Defects in the sperm mitochondrial function can severely harm the fertility potential of males. The role of sperm mitochondria in fertilization and its final fate after fertilization is still controversial. Here, we review the current knowledge on human sperm mitochondria characteristics and their physiological and pathological conditions, paying special attention to improvements in assistant reproductive technology and available treatments to ameliorate male infertility.

Conclusion
Although mitochondrial variants associated with male infertility have potential clinical use, research is limited. Further understanding is needed to determine how these characteristics lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and affect male fertility potential.
Siloed mentality, health system suboptimization and the healthcare symphony: a Canadian perspective
Authors: Lau Robin S. , Boesen Mari E. , Richer Lawrence , Hill Michael D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMeasuring and optimizing a health system is challenging when patient care is split between many independent organizations. For example, patients receive care from their primary care provider, outpatient specialist clinics, hospitals, private providers and, in some instances, family members. These silos are maintained through different funding sources (or lack of funding) which incentivize siloed service delivery. A shift towards prioritizing patient outcomes and keeping the patient at the centre of care is emerging. However, competing philosophies on patient needs, how health is defined and how health is produced and funded is creating and engraining silos in the delivery of health services. Healthcare and health outcomes are produced through a series of activities conducted by diverse teams of health professionals working in concert. Health professionals are continually learning from each patient interaction; however, silos are barriers to information exchange, collaborative evidence generation and health system improvement. This paper presents a systems view of healthcare and provides a systems lens to approach current challenges in health systems. The first part of the paper provides a background on the current state and challenges to healthcare in Canada. The second part presents potential reasons for continued health system underperformance. The paper concludes with a system perspective for addressing these challenges.
Thigh-worn accelerometry: a comparative study of two no-code classification methods for identifying physical activity types
Authors: Lendt Claas , Braun Theresa , Biallas Bianca , Froböse Ingo , Johansson Peter J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
The more accurate we can assess human physical behaviour in free-living conditions the better we can understand its relationship with health and wellbeing. Thigh-worn accelerometry can be used to identify basic activity types as well as different postures with high accuracy. User-friendly software without the need for specialized programming may support the adoption of this method. This study aims to evaluate the classification accuracy of two novel no-code classification methods, namely SENS motion and ActiPASS.

Methods
A sample of 38 healthy adults (30.8 ± 9.6 years; 53% female) wore the SENS motion accelerometer (12.5 Hz; ±4 g) on their thigh during various physical activities. Participants completed standardized activities with varying intensities in the laboratory. Activities included walking, running, cycling, sitting, standing, and lying down. Subsequently, participants performed unrestricted free-living activities outside of the laboratory while being video-recorded with a chest-mounted camera. Videos were annotated using a predefined labelling scheme and annotations served as a reference for the free-living condition. Classification output from the SENS motion software and ActiPASS software was compared to reference labels.

Results
A total of 63.6 h of activity data were analysed. We observed a high level of agreement between the two classification algorithms and their respective references in both conditions. In the free-living condition, Cohen’s kappa coefficients were 0.86 for SENS and 0.92 for ActiPASS. The mean balanced accuracy ranged from 0.81 (cycling) to 0.99 (running) for SENS and from 0.92 (walking) to 0.99 (sedentary) for ActiPASS across all activity types.

Conclusions
The study shows that two available no-code classification methods can be used to accurately identify basic physical activity types and postures. Our results highlight the accuracy of both methods based on relatively low sampling frequency data. The classification methods showed differences in performance, with lower sensitivity observed in free-living cycling (SENS) and slow treadmill walking (ActiPASS). Both methods use different sets of activity classes with varying definitions, which may explain the observed differences. Our results support the use of the SENS motion system and both no-code classification methods.
The diagnostic accuracy of infrared thermography in lumbosacral radicular pain: a prospective study
Authors: Liu Hong , Zhu Zhaoji , Jin Xiaohong , Huang Peng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
To identify the sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy of infrared thermography in diagnosing lumbosacral radicular pain.

Methods
Patients sequentially presenting with lower extremity pain were enrolled. A clinical certainty score ranging from 0 to 10 was used to assess the likelihood of lumbosacral radicular pain, with higher scores indicating higher likelihood. Infrared Thermography scans were performed and the temperature difference (ΔT) was calculated as ΔT = T1 - T2, where T2 represents the skin temperature of the most painful area on the affected limb and T1 represents the skin temperature of the same area on the unaffected limb. Upon discharge from the hospital, two independent doctors diagnosed lumbosacral radicular pain based on intraoperative findings, surgical effectiveness, and medical records.

Results
A total of 162 patients were included in the study, with the adjudicated golden standard diagnosis revealing that 101 (62%) patients had lumbosacral radicular pain, while the lower extremity pain in 61 patients was attributed to other diseases. The optimal diagnostic value for ΔT was identified to fall between 0.8℃ and 2.2℃, with a corresponding diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 80%, 89%, and 66% respectively. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for the clinical certainty score were reported as 69%, 62%, and 79% respectively. Combining the clinical certainty score with ΔT yielded a diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 84%, 77%, and 88% respectively.

Conclusion
Infrared thermography proves to be a highly sensitive tool for diagnosing lumbosacral radicular pain. It offers additional diagnostic value in cases where general clinical evaluation may not provide conclusive results.

Trial registration
ChiCTR2300078786, 19/22/2023.
Hope Groups: a protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial of psychosocial, mental health, and parenting support groups for Ukrainian caregivers during war and conflict
Authors: Tucker Sydney , Baldonado Nicole , Ruina Olha , Ratmann Oliver , Flaxman Seth , Bryn Lyudmyla , Lachman Jamie , Taradaika Evgenia , Melendez-Torres G. J. , Vallance Inge , Goldman Philip , Cluver Lucie , Hillis Susan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
In 2021, more than two-thirds of the world’s children lived in a conflict-affected country. In 2022, 13 million Ukrainians were forced to flee their homes after Russia’s full-scale invasion. Hope Groups are a 12-session psychosocial, mental health, and parenting support intervention designed to strengthen parents, caregivers, and children affected by war and crisis. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Hope Groups among Ukrainians affected by war, compared to a wait-list control group. This protocol describes a promising decentralized intervention delivery model and an innovative research design, which estimates the causal effect of Hope Groups while prioritizing prompt delivery of beneficial services to war-affected participants.

Methods
This protocol describes a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) among Ukrainians externally displaced, internally displaced within Ukraine, and living at home in war-affected areas. This study consists of 90 clusters with 4–7 participants per cluster, totaling approximately n = 450 participants. Intervention clusters will receive 12-session Hope Groups led by peer facilitators, and control clusters will be wait-listed to receive the intervention after the RCT concludes. Clusters will be matched on the facilitator performing recruitment and intervention delivery. Primary outcomes are caregiver mental health, violence against children, and positive parenting practices. Secondary outcomes include prevention of violence against women and caregiver and child well-being. Outcomes will be based on caregiver report and collected at baseline and endline (1-week post-intervention). Follow-up data will be collected among the intervention group at 6–8 weeks post-intervention, with aims for quasi-experimental follow-ups after 6 and 12 months, pending war circumstances and funding. Analyses will utilize matching techniques, Bayesian interim analyses, and multi-level modeling to estimate the causal effect of Hope Groups in comparison to wait-list controls.

Discussion
This study is the first known randomized trial of a psychosocial, mental health, and parenting intervention among Ukrainians affected by war. If results demonstrate effectiveness, Hope Groups hold the potential to be adapted and scaled to other populations affected by war and crisis worldwide. Additionally, methodologies described in this protocol could be utilized in crisis-setting research to simultaneously prioritize the estimation of causal effects and prompt delivery of beneficial interventions to crisis-affected populations.

Trial registration
This trial was registered on Open Science Framework on November 9, 2023. Registration: OSF.IO/UVJ67.
Whole-genome sequencing of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli causing urinary tract infection in an immunocompromised patient: a case report
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Yahya , Gorish Babbiker Mohammed Taher , Alhaj Esraa Mohammed , Elrhim Mayasir Abd Elmoniem Abd , Siddig Shimaa Saifaldeen , Altayb Hisham N. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Escherichia coli is a major human pathogen responsible for a broad range of clinical illnesses. It has been linked to endemic and epidemic nosocomial diseases caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens in Sudan as well as throughout the globe.

Case presentation
A 76-year-old African woman arrived at Saad Rashwan Medical Centre complaining of backaches and discomfort during urination. Throughout the preceding 5 years, the patient had recurrent urinary tract infections. Following overnight incubation at 37 °C, Escherichia coli was found in her midstream urine specimen on cysteine lactose electrolyte deficient agar media. Minimum inhibitory concentration (colorimetric/turbidimetric method) was employed to test a wide range of antimicrobial drugs against this bacterial strain, and the results revealed significant multidrug resistance. QIAamp® DNA Mini Kit was used to obtain DNA Template from the purified Escherichia coli (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The bacterial whole-genome sequence was done by Novogene company (Hong Kong) using Illumina HiSeq 2500 (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA), followed by whole genome reconstructions, and identification of antibiotic-resistant genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that our strain was related to the Escherichia coli DSM30083 ( genome sequence ID: CP033092.2) from the USA. Our strain possessed the following antimicrobial-resistant genes: aminoglycoside (kdpE, baeR, cpxA, aadA5), nitroimidazole (msbA), phosphonic acid (mdtG), tetracycline (emrY), macrolide, penam, tetracycline, (evgA, TolC, H-NS), fluoroquinolone, cephalosporin, glycylcycline, penam, tetracycline, rifamycin, phenicol antibiotic, disinfecting agents and antiseptics (acrB; marA), sulfonamide (sul1), macrolide (Mrx), cephalosporin, penam (CTX-M-15), carbapenem, cephalosporin, and penam (OXA-1).

Conclusion
This study found that the isolated Escherichia coli strain had varied antimicrobial resistance genes on the basis of whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic resistance analyses. Whole-genome sequencing is critical for control and preventative methods to battle the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance. A larger investigation is recommended for improved generalization of results.
The role of specific energy consumption in a heat recovery system for cassava starch production using an integrated agro-industrial system
Authors: Van Giau Vo , Kien Tran Trung , Van Thanh Tran , Hieu Tran Thi , Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong , Son Le Thanh , Schnitzer Hans , Le Luu Tran , Hai Le Thanh 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions is a crucial issue in the cassava starch processing industry. In this study, the integrated system combining livestock, cassava cultivation and cassava production in the same area leads to both a zero emission goal and economic efficiency, a typical example of an effective agro-industrial symbiosis. A heat exchange/recovery system was applied including the economizer, heat exchanger tank, biogas tank, and boiler. The economizer attached to the boiler’s chimney transfers heat from exhaust gases for pre-heating feed water entering the boiler. The biogas tank recovers energy from the wastewater of starch production and livestock, and the generated biogas was used as fuel for the boiler.

Results
The energy and exergy efficiency, energy losses, and exergy destruction for the heat recovery system were analyzed. The specific energy consumption was used to evaluate the overall energy efficiency for a cassava starch factory with a capacity of 20 tons/day. The results show that there is a high potential to recycle waste into energy in the cassava starch industry. The total energy saving and reduced greenhouse gas emissions per year of the cassava starch factory were 0.054%/year and 123,564 kgCO2/per year, respectively.

Conclusions
Cassava starch factories can save energy and reduce emissions when applying a heat recovery system in the integrated agro-industrial system. Excess heat from the production was used for evaporating (removal of) NH3 in wastewater flow from the biogas tank, and for heating the biogas system to enhance the efficiency of methane production. A biochar filter was attached to the economizer for adsorption of released ammonium, and the biochar after adsorption was combined with sludge from the biogas tank to produce a solid biofertilizer.
New horizons in criminal legal data: creating a comprehensive archive
Authors: LeMasters Katherine , McCauley Erin , Brinkley-Rubinstein Lauren 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile criminal legal involvement is a structural determinant of health, both administrative and national longitudinal cohort data are collected and made available in a way that prevents a full understanding of this relationship. Administrative data are both collected and overseen by the same entity and are incomplete, delayed, and/or uninterpretable. Cohort data often only ask these questions to the most vulnerable, and do not include all types of criminal legal involvement, when this involvement occurs in someone’s life, or family and community involvement. To achieve a more optimized data landscape and to facilitate population-level research on criminal legal involvement and health, (1) individual administrative level data must be made available and able to be linked across carceral systems, (2) a national data archive must be made to maintain and make criminal legal data available to researchers, and (3) a nationally representative, longitudinal study focused on those with criminal legal involvement is necessary. By beginning to critically think about how future data could be collated and collected, we can begin to provide more robust evidence around how the criminal legal system impacts the health of our society and, in turn, create policy reform.
Efflorescence, subflorescence, and crust weathering characteristics of sandstone in Nankan Grotto, China: insights into petrography and environment constraints
Authors: Zhang Xuening , Wu Xiyong , Ling Sixiang , Cao Yijian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The different salt weathering issues of the sandstone in the Nankan Grotto have significantly influenced their preservation conditions. This work aimed to evaluate the petrography and environment constraints for salt weathering of three typical sandstones: yellow sandstone, cyan sandstone, and gray sandstone in the Nankan Grotto. Salt resistance test and acid leaching test were conducted on these three sandstones. In addition, the mineralogy, geochemical mass balance, micro-structure, and water transport properties of these sandstones were also analyzed. It is found that yellow sandstone had high quartz concentration, porosity, and water transport ability. Cyan sandstone had low calcite concentration, high porosity and medium water transport ability. Gray sandstone had high calcite concentration, low porosity and water transport ability. The decay of sandstones in the salt resistance test at 20 °C was faster than those at 5 °C and 35 °C. In addition, yellow sandstone was the most resistant to the salt resistance test, followed by cyan sandstone, and gray sandstone was the most vulnerable to the salt resistance test. In the H2SO4 acid leaching test, efflorescence pattern was the most likely type of decay in yellow and cyan sandstones. Thenardite was the exclusive salt in the yellow sandstone, while gypsum was the mainly salt in the cyan sandstone. Gypsum crust and subflorescence were the most common types of decay for gray sandstone. In the HNO3 acid leaching test, yellow and cyan sandstones did not show obvious variations. For gray sandstone, the secondary minerals were gypsum and dolomite, and crust pattern was observed. In general, the salt weathering of gray sandstone was more severe than yellow and cyan sandstones. The differences in petrography (mainly calcite concentration) and micro-structure of sandstone and the external environment leaded to the differences in the types, amounts, and locations of the salt crystallization in the acid leaching tests. These contributed to the different development of efflorescence, subflorescence, and crust patterns. Our research reveals the petrographic, micro-structural, and environmental constraints for different salt weathering processes of sandstones in the Nankan Grotto.