bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Challenges for Quantum Software Engineering: An Industrial Application Scenario Perspective
Authors: Carbonelli Cecilia , Felderer Michael , Jung Matthias , Lobe Elisabeth , Lochau Malte , Luber Sebastian , Mauerer Wolfgang , Ramler Rudolf , Schaefer Ina , Schroth Christoph 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQuantum software is becoming a key enabler for applying quantum computing to industrial use cases. This poses challenges to quantum software engineering in providing efficient and effective means to develop such software. Eventually, this must be reliably achieved in time, on budget, and in quality, using sound and well-principled engineering approaches. Given that quantum computers are based on fundamentally different principles than classical machines, this raises the question if, how, and to what extent established techniques for systematically engineering software need to be adapted. In this chapter, we analyze three paradigmatic application scenarios for quantum software engineering from an industrial perspective. The respective use cases center around (1) optimization and quantum cloud services, (2) quantum simulation, and (3) embedded quantum computing. Our aim is to provide a concise overview of the current and future applications of quantum computing in diverse industrial settings. We derive presumed challenges for quantum software engineering and thus provide research directions for this emerging field.
Engineering Hybrid Software Systems
Authors: Jiménez-Navajas Luis , Pérez-Castillo Ricardo , Piattini Mario 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQuantum computing is getting closer and closer to bringing all its potential applications to our lives. This means that in a few years the current IT will evolve into hybrid software systems where quantum and classical computing paradigms should be designed, developed, and operated together. This is a big challenge that will require software modernization processes for transforming and migrating legacy software systems (which may include adding new existing quantum software) toward such hybrid software systems. This chapter discusses the challenges of hybrid software and how software modernization (based on architecture-driven modernization) can be used as a reengineering solution for an effective evolution of classical and quantum software.
The Arab Gulf States in Transition: Power Centralization, Economic Transformation, and Neo-Nationalism
Authors: Wang Tingyi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Arab Gulf States survived through the Arab Spring, but they still have faced a series of challenges in recent years: the Yemen war, the Qatar diplomatic crisis, the game of thrones, the shale gas revolution, the rivalry of great powers, and the emergence of a young generation. Along with all these factors, there’s a trend of new nationalism springing across this region. The power of Gulf Arab states is transferring from experienced older princes to the hands of a determined young generation, which may shape the future of these states for decades. At the same time, all of these states are launching their national economic projects, such like UAE Vision 2021, Saudi Vision 2030, Oman Vision 2040, etc. The new leadership, ambitious economic projects, and rapidly growing population under stalled globalization bred neo-nationalism in the Gulf region. What are the driving forces behind their transition, how do the Gulf states transform, and what are the potential impacts? These are the questions this paper tries to answer.
Complexity and operator growth for quantum systems in dynamic equilibrium
Authors: Beetar Cameron , Gupta Nitin , Haque S. Shajidul , Murugan Jeff , Van Zyl Hendrik J R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Krylov complexity is a measure of operator growth in quantum systems, based on the number of orthogonal basis vectors needed to approximate the time evolution of an operator. In this paper, we study the Krylov complexity of a PT-symmetric system of oscillators, which exhibits two phase transitions that separate a dissipative state, a Rabi-oscillation state, and an ultra-strongly coupled regime. We use a generalization of the su(1) algebra associated to the Bateman oscillator to describe the Hamiltonian of the coupled system, and construct a set of coherent states associated with this algebra. We compute the Krylov (spread) complexity using these coherent states, and find that it can distinguish between the PT-symmetric and PT symmetry-broken phases. We also show that the Krylov complexity reveals the ill-defined nature of the vacuum of the Bateman oscillator, which is a special case of our system. Our results demonstrate the utility of Krylov complexity as a tool to probe the properties and transitions of PT-symmetric systems.
Discontinuity in RG flows across dimensions: entanglement, anomaly coefficients and geometry
Authors: de-la-Cruz-Moreno José , Liu James T. , Pando Zayas Leopoldo A. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We study the entanglement entropy associated with a holographic RG flow from AdS7 to AdS4 × ℍ3, where ℍ3 is a 3-dimensional hyperbolic manifold with curvature κ. The dual six-dimensional RG flow is disconnected from Lorentz-invariant flows. In this context we address various notions of central charges and identify a monotonic candidate c-function that captures IR aspects of the flow. The UV behavior of the holographic entanglement entropy and, in particular its universal term, display an interesting dependence on the curvature, κ. We then contrast our holographic results with existing field theory computations in six dimensions and find a series of new corrections in curvature to the universal term in the entanglement entropy.
On self-dual Carrollian conformal nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Chen Bin , Hou Jue , Sun Haowei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this work, we study the duality symmetry group of Carrollian (nonlinear) electrodynamics and propose a family of Carrollian ModMax theories, which are invariant under Carrollian SO(2) electromagnetic (EM) duality transformations and conformal transformation. We define the Carrollian SO(2) EM transformations, with the help of Hodge duality in Carrollian geometry, then we rederive the Gaillard-Zumino consistency condition for EM duality of Carrollian nonlinear electrodynamics. Together with the traceless condition for the energy-momentum tensor, we are able to determine the Lagrangian of the Carrollian ModMax theories among pure electrodynamics. We furthermore study their behaviors under the $$ \sqrt{T\overline{T}} $$

T

T
¯

deformation flow, and show that these theories deform to each other and may reach two endpoints under the flow, with one of the endpoint being the Carrollian Maxwell theory. As a byproduct, we construct a family of two-dimensional Carrollian ModMax-like multiple scalar theories, which are closed under the $$ \sqrt{T\overline{T}} $$

T

T
¯

flow and may flow to a BMS free multi-scalar model.
Integrability of large-charge sectors in generic 2D EFTs
Authors: Dodelson Matthew , Hellerman Simeon , Watanabe Masataka , Yamazaki Masahito 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
It is shown that integrability is an accidental property of generic two-dimensional O(2)-symmetric asymptotically-free theories in the regime where the charge density is much larger than the dynamical scale. We show this by constructing an infinite tower of higher-spin conserved currents in the most generic effective Lagrangian at large chemical potential to all orders in perturbative expansion in the renormalization-group invariant coupling constant.
When strings surprise
Authors: Itzhaki Nissan , Peleg Uri 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We argue that on-shell excitations with large negative energies are created rapidly when the string coupling increases with time. This does not indicate an inconsistency in string theory since the negative energy on-shell excitation is always entangled with an on-shell excitation with a positive energy. The total energy of this energy-EPR state vanishes. We discuss the reason the energy-EPR states appear in string theory and the role they might play in black hole physics.
Millicharged particles from proton bremsstrahlung in the atmosphere
Authors: Du Mingxuan , Fang Rundong , Liu Zuowei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Light millicharged particles can be copiously produced from meson decays in cosmic ray collisions with the atmosphere, leading to detectable signals in large underground neutrino detectors. In this paper we study a new channel for generating atmospheric millicharged particles, the proton bremsstrahlung process. We find that the proton bremsstrahlung process leads to a significantly higher flux of millicharged particles compared to meson decays and, for certain masses, results in a one-order-of-magnitude improvement in the flux. Consequently, Super-K constraints on ε2 for sub-GeV MCPs are improved by half order of magnitude. We further note that the study on the proton bremsstrahlung process can be extended to a variety of new physics particle searches in atmospheric collisions and in low energy proton accelerators.
Marginally deformed AdS5/CFT4 backgrounds in Type IIB
Authors: Merrikin Paul 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Multi-parameter families of $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 0 Type IIA and Type IIB AdS5 solutions are presented, promoting to $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 in some special cases. The G-Structure description of each $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 1 solution is given, requiring an Abelian T-Duality of the G-Structure conditions and Pure Spinors. Investigations at the boundaries are performed for a two-parameter family of Type IIA and a three-parameter family of Type IIB solutions, finding the presence of orbifold singularities in some backgrounds. All parameters drop out of the Holographic Central Charge calculation, pointing to marginal deformations in the dual CFT description.
Superradiance in the bulk protects quantum state evolution of rapidly rotating matter on the boundary
Authors: McInnes Brett 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
It has been argued that the rate at which the interior of an AdS black hole evolves is dual to the rate of evolution of the (quantum state of the) strongly coupled matter on the boundary which, according to holography, is dual to the black hole. However, we have shown elsewhere that it seems to be possible, by adjusting the specific angular momentum of an AdS5-Kerr black hole, to reduce this rate to (effectively) zero. We argue that this is unphysical, and that it is prevented by the intervention of a superradiant instability, which causes the black hole to shed angular momentum when the angular velocity exceeds a certain critical value. The precise way in which this works has recently been explained by the “grey galaxy” model of the end state, in which the angular momentum is transferred to a “galactic disc.” Thus, the black hole itself cannot sustain a specific angular momentum beyond a critical value: there is an effective upper bound. The holographic interpretation is that, beyond a certain limiting specific angular momentum, strongly coupled matter (corresponding to the black hole) will spontaneously shed angular momentum to some other, confined, form of matter (corresponding to the disc). This idea is supported by recent numerical work on ultra-vortical plasmas. Such an upper bound on specific angular momentum would prevent arbitrarily small rates of quantum state evolution on the boundary. We give a tentative discussion of the relevant observational data in the case of the vortical Quark-Gluon Plasma, and suggest a way in which such an upper bound might appear in future observations.
Boundary reparametrizations and six-point functions on the AdS2 string
Authors: Giombi Simone , Komatsu Shota , Offertaler Bendeguz , Shan Jieru 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We compute the tree-level connected six-point function of identical scalar fluctuations of the AdS2 string worldsheet dual to the half-BPS Wilson line in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 Super Yang-Mills. The calculation can be carried out analytically in the conformal gauge approach, where the boundary reparametrization mode of the string plays a crucial role. We also study the analytic continuation of the six-point function to an out-of-time-order configuration, which is related to a 3-to-3 scattering amplitude in flat space. As a check of our results, we also numerically compute the six-point function using the Nambu-Goto action in static gauge, finding agreement with the conformal gauge answer.
Prähospitale Analgesie mit Nalbuphin und Paracetamol im Vergleich zu Piritramid durch Notfallsanitäter*innen – eine multizentrische Observationsstudie
Authors: Deslandes Marvin , Deicke Martin , Grannemann Julia Johanna , Hinkelbein Jochen , Hoyer Annika , Kalmbach Matthias , Kobiella André , Strickmann Bernd , Plappert Thomas , Jansen Gerrit 
Published: August 2024

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung
Angesichts der Änderungen des Betäubungsmittelgesetzes untersucht die vorliegende Arbeit die prähospitale Analgesie durch Notfallsanitäter*innen mittels Piritramid vs. Nalbuphin + Paracetamol.

Material und Methode
Alle prähospitalen Analgesien durch Notfallsanitäter*innen der Rettungsdienste der Kreise Fulda (Piritramid) sowie Gütersloh (Nalbuphin + Paracetamol) wurden im Hinblick auf die Schmerzstärke anhand der Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) zu Einsatzbeginn und -ende sowie die aufgetretenen Komplikationen ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Insgesamt wurden 2429 Analgesien ausgewertet (Nalbuphin + Paracetamol: 1635 (67,3 %), NRS-initial: 8,0 ± 1,4, NRS-Einsatzende: 3,7 ± 2,0; Piritramid: 794 (32,7 %), NRS-initial: 8,5 ± 1,1, NRS-Einsatzende: 4,5 ± 1,6). Faktoren mit Einfluss auf eine NRS-Veränderung waren: initiale NRS (Regressionskoeffizient (RK): 0,7075, 95 %-Konfidenzintervall (95 %-KI): 0,6503–0,7647, p < 0,001) sowie Therapie mit Nalbuphin + Paracetamol (RK: 0,6048, 95 %-KI: 0,4396–0,7700, p < 0,001). Die Therapie mit Nalbuphin + Paracetamol (n = 796 (48,7 %)) im Vergleich zu Piritramid (n = 190 (23,9 %)) erhöhte die Chancen, eine NRS < 4 am Einsatzende aufzuweisen (Odds Ratio (OR): 2,712, 95 %-KI: 2,227–3,303, p < 0,001). Komplikationen traten bei Therapie mit Piritramid bei n = 44 (5,5 %) und bei Nalbuphin + Paracetamol bei n = 35 (2,1 %) auf. Risikofaktoren für Komplikationen waren Analgesie mit Piritramid (OR: 2,699, 95 %-KI: 1,693–4,301, p < 0,001), weibliches Geschlecht (OR: 2,372, 95 %-KI: 1,396–4,029, p = 0,0014) sowie das Lebensalter (OR: 1,013, 95 %-KI: 1,002–1,025, p = 0,0232).

Diskussion
Im Vergleich mit Piritramid weist die prähospitale Analgesie mit Nalbuphin + Paracetamol günstige Effekte im Hinblick auf analgetische Effektivität und Komplikationsraten auf und sollte in zukünftigen Empfehlungen für Notfallsanitäter*innen berücksichtigt werden.
Comparative renal outcomes of matched cohorts of patients with type 2 diabetes receiving SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists under routine care
Authors: Fadini Gian Paolo , Longato Enrico , Morieri Mario Luca , Bonora Enzo , Consoli Agostino , Fattor Bruno , Rigato Mauro , Turchi Federica , Del Prato Stefano , Avogaro Angelo , Solini Anna ,   on behalf of DARWIN-Renal Study Investigators
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
We compared the effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors (SGLT2i) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) on renal outcomes in individuals with type 2 diabetes, focusing on the changes in eGFR and albuminuria.

Methods
This was a multicentre retrospective observational study on new users of diabetes medications. Participant characteristics were assessed before and after propensity score matching. The primary endpoint, change in eGFR, was analysed using mixed-effects models. Secondary endpoints included categorical eGFR-based outcomes and changes in albuminuria. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess robustness of the findings.

Results
After matching, 5701 participants/group were included. Participants were predominantly male, aged 61 years, with a 10 year duration of diabetes, a baseline HbA1c of 64 mmol/mol (8.0%) and BMI of 33 kg/m2. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) was present in 23% of participants. During a median of 2.1 years, from a baseline of 87 ml/min per 1.73 m2, eGFR remained higher in the SGLT2i group compared with the GLP-1RA group throughout the observation period by 1.2 ml/min per 1.73 m2. No differences were detected in albuminuria change. The SGLT2i group exhibited lower rates of worsening CKD class and favourable changes in BP compared with the GLP-1RA group, despite lesser HbA1c decline. SGLT2i also reduced eGFR decline better than GLP-1RA in participants without baseline CKD.

Conclusions/interpretation
In individuals with type 2 diabetes, treatment with SGLT2i was associated with better preservation of renal function compared with GLP-1RA, as evidenced by slower decline in eGFR. These findings reinforce SGLT2i as preferred agents for renal protection in this patient population.

Graphical Abstract
Identifying emotions in earthquake tweets
Authors: Anthony Patricia , Hoi Ki Wong Jennifer , Joyce Zita 
Published: August 2024

AbstractChristchurch, New Zealand experienced devastating earthquakes on September 4, 2010, and February 22, 2011, resulting in extensive infrastructural damage and leaving lasting psychological scars of fear, depression, shock, and anger among the local population. Even after thirteen years, the aftermath of these earthquakes continues to deeply affect these individuals, as they grapple with enduring emotional challenges. Social media, particularly X (formerly Twitter), has emerged as a prominent platform for individuals to express their emotions, and during earthquake occurrences, people turn to Twitter to share their feelings in real-time. This study focuses on examining the emotional patterns exhibited in “earthquake tweets” posted by individuals affected by the Christchurch earthquakes between 2010 and 2019. We utilise machine learning techniques to classify these tweets into six classes of emotions of anger, fear, grateful, humour, sympathy and worry. The analysis shows a progressive increase in the percentage of tweets expressing fear and worry over the years. This finding indicates that the community continues to experience a heightened sense of fear and worry whenever earthquakes occur.
An improved peridynamics topology optimization formulation for compliance minimization
Authors: Vieira Francisco S. , Araújo Aurélio L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis work proposes an improved peridynamics density-based topology optimization framework for compliance minimization. One of the main advantages of using a peridynamics discretization relies in the fact that it provides a consistent regularization of classical continuum mechanics into a nonlocal continuum, thus containing an inherent length scale called the horizon. Furthermore, this reformulation allows for discontinuities and is highly suitable for treating fracture and crack propagation. Partial differential equations are rewritten as integrodifferential equations and its numerical implementation can be straightforwardly done using meshfree collocation, inheriting its advantages. In the optimization formulation, Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) is used as interpolation for the design variables. To improve the peridynamic formulation and to evaluate the objective function in a energetically consistent manner, surface correction is implemented. Moreover, a detailed sensitivity analysis reveals an analytical expression for the objective function derivatives, different from an expression commonly used in the literature, providing an important basis for gradient-based topology optimization with peridynamics. The proposed implementation is studied with two examples illustrating different characteristics of this framework. The analytical expression for the sensitivities is validated against a reference solution, providing an improvement over the referred expression in the literature. Also, the effect of using the surface correction is evidenced. An extensive analysis of the horizon size and sensitivity filter radius indicates that the current method is mesh-independent, i.e. a sensitivity filter is redundant since peridynamics intrinsically filters length scales with the horizon. Different optimization methods are also tested for uncracked and cracked structures, demonstrating the capabilities and robustness of the proposed framework.
Quantitative Disorder Effects in Low-Dimensional Spin Systems
Authors: Dario Paul , Harel Matan , Peled Ron 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe Imry–Ma phenomenon, predicted in 1975 by Imry and Ma and rigorously established in 1989 by Aizenman and Wehr, states that first-order phase transitions of low-dimensional spin systems are ‘rounded’ by the addition of a quenched random field coupled to the quantity undergoing the transition. The phenomenon applies to a wide class of spin systems in dimensions $$d\le 2$$

d
≤
2

and to spin systems possessing a continuous symmetry in dimensions $$d\le 4$$

d
≤
4

. This work provides quantitative estimates for the Imry–Ma phenomenon: in a cubic domain of side length L, we study the effect of the boundary conditions on the spatial and thermal average of the quantity coupled to the random field. We show that the boundary effect diminishes at least as fast as an inverse power of $$\log \log L$$

log
log
L

in general two-dimensional spin systems. For systems possessing a continuous symmetry, we show that the boundary effect diminishes at least as fast as an inverse power of L in two and three dimensions and at least as fast as an inverse power of $$\log \log L$$

log
log
L

in four dimensions. Finally, we establish a partial uniqueness results for translation-covariant Gibbs states, and prove that, for almost every realization of the random field, all such states must agree on the thermally-averaged value of the quantity coupled to the random field. Specific models of interest for the obtained results include the random-field q-state Potts model, the Edwards-Anderson spin glass model, and the random-field spin O(n) models.
Inverse Reduction for Hook-Type W-Algebras
Authors: Fehily Zachary 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOriginating in the work of A.M. Semikhatov and D. Adamović, inverse reductions are embeddings involving W-algebras corresponding to the same Lie algebra but different nilpotent orbits. Here, we show that an inverse reduction embedding between the affine $$\mathfrak {sl}_{n+1}$$

sl

n
+
1

vertex operator algebra and the minimal $$\mathfrak {sl}_{n+1}$$

sl

n
+
1

W-algebra exists. This generalises the realisations for $$n=1,2$$

n
=
1
,
2

in Adamović (Commun Math Phys 366:1025–1067, 2019), Adamović (Math Ann 1–44, 2023). A similar argument is then used to show that inverse reduction embeddings exists between all hook-type $$\mathfrak {sl}_{n+1}$$

sl

n
+
1

W-algebras, which includes the principal/regular, subregular, minimal $$\mathfrak {sl}_{n+1}$$

sl

n
+
1

W-algebras, and the affine $$\mathfrak {sl}_{n+1}$$

sl

n
+
1

vertex operator algebra. This generalises the regular-to-subregular inverse reduction of Fehily (Commun Contemp Math 2250049, 2022), and similarly uses free-field realisations and their associated screening operators.