bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Covert Orienting in Three Etiologies of Congenital Hydrocephalus: The Effect of Midbrain and Posterior Fossa Dysmorphology
Authors: Treble-Barna Amery , Kulesz Paulina A. , Dennis Maureen , Fletcher Jack M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCovert orienting is related to the integrity of the midbrain, but the specificity of the relation is unclear. We compared covert orienting in three etiologies of congenital hydrocephalus (aqueductal stenosis [AS], Dandy-Walker malformation [DWM], and spina bifida myelomeningocele [SBM]—with and without tectal beaking) to explore the effects of midbrain and posterior fossa malformations. We hypothesized a stepwise order of group performance reflecting the degree of midbrain tectum dysmorphology. Performance on an exogenously cued covert orienting task was compared using repeated measures analysis of covariance, controlling for age. Individuals with SBM and tectal beaking demonstrated the greatest disengagement cost in the vertical plane, whereas individuals with AS performed as well as a typically developing (TD) group. Individuals with SBM but no tectal beaking and individuals with DWM showed greater disengagement costs in the vertical plane relative to the TD group, but better performance relative to the group with SBM and tectal beaking. Individuals with AS, DWM, and SBM and tectal beaking demonstrated poorer inhibition of return than TD individuals. Impairments in attentional disengagement in SBM are not attributable to the general effects of hydrocephalus, but are instead associated with specific midbrain anomalies that are part of the Chiari II malformation. (JINS, 2014, 20, 1–10)
aspeed: Solver scheduling via answer set programming
Authors: HOOS HOLGER , KAMINSKI ROLAND , LINDAUER MARIUS , SCHAUB TORSTEN 
Published: February 2014

AbstractAlthough Boolean Constraint Technology has made tremendous progress over the last decade, the efficacy of state-of-the-art solvers is known to vary considerably across different types of problem instances, and is known to depend strongly on algorithm parameters. This problem was addressed by means of a simple, yet effective approach using handmade, uniform, and unordered schedules of multiple solvers inppfolio, which showed very impressive performance in the 2011 Satisfiability Testing (SAT) Competition. Inspired by this, we take advantage of the modeling and solving capacities of Answer Set Programming (ASP) to automatically determine more refined, that is, nonuniform and ordered solver schedules from the existing benchmarking data. We begin by formulating the determination of such schedules as multi-criteria optimization problems and provide corresponding ASP encodings. The resulting encodings are easily customizable for different settings, and the computation of optimum schedules can mostly be done in the blink of an eye, even when dealing with large runtime data sets stemming from many solvers on hundreds to thousands of instances. Also, the fact that our approach can be customized easily enabled us to swiftly adapt it to generate parallel schedules for multi-processor machines.
Relocation of Papillary Muscles for Ischemic Mitral Valve Regurgitation
Authors: Fattouch Khalil , Castrovinci Sebastiano , Murana Giacomo , Dioguardi Pietro , Guccione Francesco , Bianco Giuseppe , Nasso Giuseppe , Speziale Giuseppe 
Published: February 2014

Objective The assessment of the mitral valve apparatus (MVA) and its modifications during ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) is better performed by three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The aim of our study was to carry out nonrestrictive mitral annuloplasty in addition to relocation of papillary muscles (PPMs) oriented by preoperative real-time 3D TEE through the mitral valve quantification dedicated software. Methods Since January 2008, a total of 70 patients with severe IMR were examined both before and after mitral valve repair. The mean (SD) coaptation depth and the mean (SD) tenting area were 1.4 (0.4) cm and 3.2 (0.5) cm2, respectively. Intraoperative 3D TEE was performed, followed by a 3D offline reconstruction of the MVA. A schematic MVA model was obtained, and a geometric model as a “truncated cone” was traced according to preoperative data. The expected truncated cone after annuloplasty was retraced. A conventional normal coaptation depth of approximately 6 mm was used to detect the new position of the PPMs tips. Results Perioperative offline reconstruction of the MVA and the respective truncated cone was feasible in all patients. The expected position of the PPMs tips, desirable to reach a normal tenting area with a coaptation depth of 6 mm or more, was obtained in all patients. After surgery, all parameters were calculated, and no statistically significant difference was found compared with the expected data. Conclusions Relocation of PPMs plus ring annuloplasty reduce mitral valve tenting and may improve mitral valve repair results in patients with severe IMR. This technique may be easily and precisely guided by preoperative offline 3D echocardiographic mitral valve reconstruction.
Phosphatidylinositol‐4 kinase III beta and oxysterol‐binding protein accumulate unesterified cholesterol on poliovirus‐induced membrane structure
Authors: Arita Minetaro 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTStudies on anti‐picornavirus compounds have revealed an essential role of a novel cellular pathway via host phosphatidylinositol‐4 kinase III beta (PI4KB) and oxysterol‐binding protein (OSBP) family I in poliovirus (PV) replication. However, the molecular role for this pathway in PV replication has yet to be determined. Here, viral and host proteins modulating production of phosphatidylinositol 4‐phosphate (PI4P) and accumulation of unesterified cholesterol (UC) in cells were analyzed and the role of the PI4KB/OSBP pathway in PV replication characterized. Virus protein 2BC was identified as a novel interactant of PI4KB. PI4KB and VCP/p97 bind to a partially overlapped region of 2BC with different sensitivity to a 2C inhibitor. Production of PI4P and accumulation of UC were enhanced by virus protein 2BC, but suppressed by virus proteins 3A and 3AB. In PV‐infected cells, a PI4KB inhibitor suppressed production of PI4P, and both a PI4KB inhibitor and an OSBP ligand suppressed accumulation of UC on virus‐induced membrane structure. Inhibition of PI4KB activity caused dissociation of OSBP from virus‐induced membrane structure in PV‐infected cells. Synthesis of viral nascent RNA in PV‐infected cells was not affected in the presence of PI4KB inhibitor and OSBP ligand; however, transient pre‐treatment of PV‐infected cells with these inhibitors suppressed viral RNA synthesis. These results suggest that virus proteins modulate PI4KB activity and provide PI4P for recruitment of OSBP to accumulate UC on virus‐induced membrane structure for formation of a virus replication complex.
Managing oxidative stresses in Shewanella oneidensis: intertwined roles of the OxyR and OhrR regulons
Authors: Li Ning , Luo Qixia , Jiang Yaoming , Wu Genfu , Gao Haichun 
Published: February 2014

SummaryShewanella oneidensis, renowned for its remarkable respiratory abilities, inhabit redox‐stratified environments prone to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Two major oxidative stress regulators, analogues of OxyR and OhrR, specifically respond to H2O2 and organic peroxides (OP), respectively, are encoded in the genome based on sequence comparison to well‐studied models. Presumably, these analogues provide protection from ROS. An understanding of S. oneidensis OxyR has been established recently, which functions as both repressor and activator to mediate H2O2‐induced oxidative stress. Here, we report the first study of elucidating molecular mechanisms underlying the S. oneidensis response to OP‐induced oxidative stress. We show that S. oneidensis has OhrR, an OP stress regulator with two novel features. The sensing and responding residues of OhrR are not equally important for regulation and the regulator directly controls transcription of the SO1563 gene, in addition to the ohr gene which encodes the major OP scavenging protein. Importantly, we present evidence suggesting that the OxyR and OhrR regulons of S. oneidensis appear to be functionally intertwined as both OxyR and OhrR systems can sense and response to H2O2 and OP agents.
nifH pyrosequencing reveals the potential for location‐specific soil chemistry to influence N2‐fixing community dynamics
Authors: Collavino Mónica M. , Tripp H. James , Frank Ildiko E. , Vidoz María L. , Calderoli Priscila A. , Donato Mariano , Zehr Jonathan P. , Aguilar O. Mario 
Published: February 2014

SummaryA dataset of 87 020 nifH reads and 16 782 unique nifH protein sequences obtained over 2 years from four locations across a gradient of agricultural soil types in Argentina were analysed to provide a detailed and comprehensive picture of the diversity, abundance and responses of the N2‐fixing community in relation to differences in soil chemistry and agricultural practices. Phylogenetic analysis revealed an expected high proportion of Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria, mainly relatives to Bradyrhizobium and Methylosinus/Methylocystis, but a surprising paucity of Gammaproteobacteria. Analysis of variance and stepwise regression modelling suggested location and treatment‐specific influences of soil type on diazotrophic community composition and organic carbon concentrations on nifH diversity. nifH gene abundance, determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, was higher in agricultural soils than in non‐agricultural soils, and was influenced by soil chemistry under intensive crop rotation but not under monoculture. At some locations, sustainable increased crop yields might be possible through the management of soil chemistry to improve the abundance and diversity of N2‐fixing bacteria.
The Drowning Index: Implementation in Drowning, Mechanical Asphyxia, and Acute Myocardial Infarct Cases
Authors: Wardak Khalil S. , Buchsbaum Robert M. , Walyzada Frozan 
Published: February 2014

AbstractDrowning is a diagnosis of exclusion based on circumstantial and autopsy correlation. Sugimura proposed a threshold value of 14.1 for the Drowning Index (DI), the ratio of lung and pleural fluid to spleen weight, as a surrogate marker to diagnose drowning. We questioned the use of DI in diagnosing drowning. We compared DI between three groups—drowning, mechanical asphyxia, and myocardial infarct—seen at Broward MEO from 2008 to 2009. Only 9.4% of 53 drownings exceeded the DI threshold of 14.1, while 30% of 10 mechanical asphyxias and 40% of 10 myocardial infarcts had DI >14.1. Sensitivity for the DI test was <10% and specificity 60–70%. Median DI values for all groups were <10. Mann–Whitney U‐test was not statistically significant between groups. The DI is neither sensitive nor specific and lacks any utility in the diagnosis of drowning.
Persistence of Biological Traces at Inside Parts of a Firearm from a Case of Multiple Familial Homicide
Authors: Courts Cornelius , Gahr Britta , Madea Burkhard , Schyma Christian 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackspatter from wounds caused by contact shots against a biological target had before been shown to be propelled into firearms' barrels where they can persist and be retrieved from as relevant forensic evidence. Herein, that insight was applied to the investigation of a case of multiple familial homicide with a firearm. Samples of backspatter were collected from the firearm using DNA‐free swabs. DNA was extracted from the swabs, and 16 STR systems were PCR‐amplified to generate DNA profiles of all victims shot by the firearm. The quality of the resulting DNA profiles was sufficient to exclude the perpetrator as donor and to differentiate the three closely related victims thereby proving that all three victims had been shot by the same firearm from very close or contact distance. A key insight gained from this case was that not only a firearms' barrel inside but other inner surfaces may be charged with profilable DNA.
Incidence of Fetal Drug Exposure in Alabama: 2004–2011
Authors: Kalin Jack R. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractPostmortem toxicological results for neonates and stillborn fetuses were examined to determine the incidence of drug exposure in utero and the relationship to fetal mortality. From 15,600 fatalities with toxicological analyses, 39 subjects were identified; 22 had positive findings (56%). Among the general population, 10,500 had positive findings (67%). Among the subject population, 22 drugs/metabolites were identified; cocaine/benzoylecgonine was most frequent (9 of 22 cases, 41%) then methamphetamine/amphetamine (7 of 22 cases, 32%). Respective incidences among the general positive population were 12% and 6%. Fetal/neonatal concentrations overlap the general population and exceed the mother. Remaining substances, detected largely in fatalities unrelated to drug exposure, were of little toxicological significance. The variety, with exceptions, reflects the general population. That the incidence of cocaine and methamphetamine among fetuses/neonates is three‐ and fivefold greater than the general population is evidence that maternal abuse of these drugs poses greater risk to fetal viability than all other substances identified.
Juvenile Economic Sanctions
Authors: Haynes Stacy Hoskins , Cares Alison C. , Ruback R. Barry 
Published: February 2014

Research SummaryEconomic sanctions, particularly restitution, can help juvenile offenders both learn the extent of the harm they caused and assume responsibility for repairing that harm. If that assumption is true, then restitution should be imposed in every case for which it is appropriate, other factors should not affect imposition, and paying restitution should be negatively related to recidivism. This analysis of 921 juvenile cases in five Pennsylvania counties found that restitution was imposed in only 33% of cases for which it was appropriate, whereas fees were imposed in 66% of cases. Consistent with expectations, restitution was more likely to be imposed for property offenses, but contrary to expectations, restitution was more likely to be imposed for felonies and for males. Judges were less likely to revoke the sentences of juveniles who paid a greater percentage of their total economic sanctions and of juveniles whose violation of sentencing conditions was for nonpayment of economic sanctions.Policy ImplicationsGiven that support for both punitive and progressive policies exists, policy makers have a unique opportunity to pursue alternatives, like economic sanctions, that appeal to both perspectives. Economic sanctions are particularly important for juveniles because they are less likely to interfere with other financial obligations (in large part because juveniles have fewer financial obligations than do adults) and because they avoid the stigma associated with more punitive sentences, such as incarceration. The negative relationship between payment of economic sanctions and recidivism, found in this study and in other studies, also suggests that, in both the short and the long term, economic sanctions are more cost‐effective. Furthermore, the restorative aspect of economic sanctions, particularly restitution, suggests that policy makers should consider how best to impose and collect economic sanctions, as they also are consistent with efforts to improve the treatment of crime victims.
Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Baglivio Michael T. , Jackowski Katherine , Greenwald Mark A. , Howell James C. 
Published: February 2014

Research SummaryThe prevalence of serious, violent, and chronic offenders is assessed across 5 years of delinquency referrals to a centralized juvenile justice agency. Differences in prevalence by gender and race/ethnicity and by age at first referral are compared for these youth with the other juveniles referred. Analyses examine whether subsequent official reoffending of these juveniles is predicted by similar risk and protective factors as with other youth. Stability in the proportion of youth meeting the serious, violent, and chronic classification was found. Males were more than twice as likely to be serious, violent, and chronic offenders. Serious, violent, and chronic offenders were almost three times more likely to have been first referred when 12 years old or younger. Predictive risk and protective factors are substantively different for these serious, violent, and chronic youth. Policy implications regarding appropriate delinquency interventions to address significant risk and protective factors for different subgroups of youth are discussed.Policy ImplicationsOur study examines the prevalence rates of juvenile offenders classified as serious, violent, and chronic, thereby necessitating an analysis of resource allocation strategies for a juvenile justice agency. In light of this and other empirical findings, agency policies have been adjusted and new policies implemented, including a reduction in the number of residential beds by more than 50% in the last 3 years and reallocation of “deep‐end” resources to prevention and community‐based programming.
MR findings in spinal tuberculosis in an endemic country
Authors: Thammaroj Jureerat , Kitkhuandee Amnat , Sawanyawisuth Kittisak , Chowchuan Prathana , Promon Kayoon 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIntroductionSpinal tuberculosis (TB) accounts for 50% or more of skeletal tuberculosis. MRI is a helpful tool for spinal TB. MR findings in spinal TB however, may have several different patterns.MethodsThe MRI features of spinal TB and classification as usual and unusual findings are reported. The MR images in 52 proven spinal TB patients in Srinagarind Hospital from 1996 to 2005 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThere were five characteristics of unusual manifestations, including multiple skip lesions, vertebral body involvement, lamina and spinous process involvement, single vertebral collapse, and intramedullary tuberculoma. The skip lesion of spinal TB was the only distribution pattern significantly identified as being an unusual characteristic by multiple logistic regression.ConclusionThe most common unusual pattern of spinal TB is skip lesions (11.5%). The distribution of this pattern is statistically significant as an important MRI feature for defining unusual spinal TB.
Use of rituximab to treat a patient with coexistence of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis: 18 months follow‐up
Authors: Dundar U. , Çevik H. , Demirdal U. S. , Toktas H. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCoexistence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is rare. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor has been highly successful in controlling inflammation in many patients with AS or RA. Rituximab, which is a chimeric anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody, has been proven effective in RA. Whether rituximab may be effective in AS is presently unclear. Here we report the 18 months follow‐up result of a coexisting AS and RA TNF inhibitor failed patient that was treated successfully with rituximab.
Prevalence and associated risk factors for work disability in Egyptian patients with ankylosing spondylitis from one center
Authors: Abdul‐Sattar Amal , Abou El Magd Sahar 
Published: February 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of work disability (WD) in Egyptian patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and to identify the main factors associated with this.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted among all patients with AS during an extended outpatient visit in the period between July, 2011 and December, 2012. Demographic data were collected and a physical examination was performed. Multivariate modeling was applied to determine the factors associated with work disability.ResultsThe questionnaire was completed by 90 patients (85 males; 94.4%). The mean age of the participants was 37.8 (SD 9.7) years, mean disease duration was 12.1 (SD 8.9) years, and the mean symptom duration was 15 (SD 2.9) years. A total of 36 (40%) patients of working age were not working due to AS. The factors that associated with work disability, after completing logistic regression models, were older age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8, 95%, confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–1.17), longer disease duration (OR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.12–2.8), increasing diagnostic delay (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.0–3.4), lower educational level (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.6–6.4), manual profession (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.10–2.6), living in a rural zone (OR = 3.14, 95% CI = 1.98–5.05), peripheral arthritis (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.20–3.43) and psychological symptoms (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.9–4.6).ConclusionThe prevalence of WD among Egyptian patients with AS is considerably high. Clinical and psychosocial factors, in particular, appear to be associated with WD and should therefore be prioritized in clinical practice.
Validity of covariance models for the analysis of geographical variation
Authors: Guillot Gilles , Schilling René L. , Porcu Emilio , Bevilacqua Moreno 
Published: February 2014

Summary

Due to the availability of large molecular data sets, covariance models are increasingly used to describe the structure of genetic variation as an alternative to more heavily parameterized biological models.

We focus here on a class of parametric covariance models that received sustained attention lately and show that the conditions under which they are valid mathematical models have been overlooked so far.

We provide rigorous results for the construction of valid covariance models in this family.

We also outline how to construct alternative covariance models for the analysis of geographical variation that are both mathematically well behaved and easily implementable.

The full R code to reproduce the numerical analysis is available from: http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/~gigu/MEE_GSPB/covariance_validity.html
glUV: a global UV‐B radiation data set for macroecological studies
Authors: Beckmann Michael , Václavík Tomáš , Manceur Ameur M. , Šprtová Lenka , von Wehrden Henrik , Welk Erik , Cord Anna F. 
Published: February 2014

Summary

Macroecology has prospered in recent years due in part to the wide array of climatic data, such as those provided by the WorldClim and CliMond data sets, which has become available for research. However, important environmental variables have still been missing, including spatial data sets on UV‐B radiation, an increasingly recognized driver of ecological processes.

We developed a set of global UV‐B surfaces (glUV) suitable to match common spatial scales in macroecology. Our data set is based on remotely sensed records from NASA's Ozone Monitoring Instrument (Aura‐OMI). Following a similar approach as for the WorldClim and CliMond data sets, we processed daily UV‐B measurements acquired over a period of eight years into monthly mean UV‐B data and six ecologically meaningful UV‐B variables with a 15‐arc minute resolution. These bioclimatic variables represent Annual Mean UV‐B, UV‐B Seasonality, Mean UV‐B of Highest Month, Mean UV‐B of Lowest Month, Sum of Monthly Mean UV‐B during Highest Quarter and Sum of Monthly Mean UV‐B during Lowest Quarter. We correlated our data sets with selected variables of existing bioclimatic surfaces for land and with Terra–MODIS Sea Surface Temperature for ocean regions to test for relations to known gradients and patterns.

UV‐B surfaces showed a distinct seasonal variance at a global scale, while the intensity of UV‐B radiation decreased towards higher latitudes and was modified by topographic and climatic heterogeneity. UV‐B surfaces were correlated with global mean temperature and annual mean radiation data, but exhibited variable spatial associations across the globe. UV‐B surfaces were otherwise widely independent of existing bioclimatic surfaces.

Our data set provides new climatological information relevant for macroecological analyses. As UV‐B is a known driver of numerous biological patterns and processes, our data set offers the potential to generate a better understanding of these dynamics in macroecology, biogeography, global change research and beyond. The glUV data set containing monthly mean UV‐B data and six derived UV‐B surfaces is freely available for download at: http://www.ufz.de/gluv.