bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Get Real: Climate Change and All That ‘It’ Entails
Authors: Carolan Michael , Stuart Diana 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis article builds on Carolan's three natures scheme, where he distinguishes between the strata of ‘nature’, nature and Nature, by overlaying his previous framework with further analytic distinctions. Doing this, the authors argue, adds an important layer of analytical and conceptual robustness that his earlier scheme lacks. After building on this framework, attention turns to the phenomena of climate change. A selection of agrifood studies on this subject is used to help illustrate the utility of the revised model. The literatures reviewed involve the following: those looking at attitudes among farmers toward climate change; the bark beetle outbreaks in British Columbia; and food regimes. With this move the authors seek to illustrate the explanatory and descriptive utility of the revised model, specifically in its ability to provide a sustained defence of a type of realism that relational social theorists implicitly ascribe to. They also show how their conceptual labours – and the ecologically embedded relational realism it brings to the fore – can help further inform the aforementioned literatures by highlighting some of their conceptual and analytic blind spots.
Observations on the use of cidofovir for BK virus infection in renal transplantation
Authors: Kuten S.A. , Patel S.J. , Knight R.J. , Gaber L.W. , DeVos J.M. , Gaber A.O. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn renal transplantation, BK virus infection can result in significant graft nephropathy and loss. While reduction in immunosuppression (IS) is considered standard therapy, adjunct agents may be warranted. Data are suggestive of a possible role of cidofovir for the management of BK. This study aims to describe the course of BK viremia (BKV) in a large cohort of renal transplant patients receiving adjunct cidofovir.MethodsWe evaluated kidney and kidney‐pancreas recipients who received cidofovir combined with reduced IS for management of high‐level BKV or BK virus nephropathy (BKVN). We examined the rate and timing of BKV clearance, and performed a multivariate analysis to identify risk factors associated with long‐term (>6 months) viremia.ResultsIn total, 75 patients received a median of 13 doses of cidofovir in conjunction with reduced IS; 32 patients (43%) had short‐term BKV (≤6 months), and 43 (57%) had long‐term BKV. Overall, 53 of 75 patients (71%) eventually cleared BKV at a median of 4.2 months (interquartile range 2.1–9.3 months). Independent factors associated with long‐term BKV included older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.1, P = 0.02), delayed graft function (OR 31.4, P = 0.01), and higher peak BKV (OR 12.8, P = 0.02), while BKV reduction by at least 1 log10copies/mL at 1 month of treatment was associated with clearance within 6 months (OR 49.3, P < 0.01). Patients with earlier clearance maintained stable graft function and no graft losses, while long‐term BKV was associated with a 15% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate.ConclusionsAdjunct cidofovir resulted in preservation of renal function when viral clearance occurred within 6 months of initiation. This retrospective review defines factors predicting response to cidofovir in conjunction with reduced IS for BKVN or high‐level BKV. Still, considering cost, frequency of administration, and treatment duration, a randomized trial is necessary to define the exact utility of cidofovir in the setting of BK virus infection.
Trade Policymaking in a Land‐locked Developing Country: The WTO Review of Nepal
Authors: Sharma Kishor 
Published: November 2014

AbstractSandwiched between India in the south, east and west and the People's Republic of China in the north, Nepal is a small landlocked developing country. Its trade policy autonomy is constrained by land‐lockedness and open border with India. Despite opening up the economy, it has not fully benefited from openness, perhaps partly due to poor governance and partly due to transit and customs‐related problems. Although these are crucial issues for trade competitive, The Trade Policy Review of Nepal 2012 (TPRN‐2012) is either very polite or lacks a comprehensive analysis on most of these. Since transit‐related costs faced by landlocked developing countries can be substantial, just evaluating the progress made in liberalising tariffs and nontariff barriers can provide a distorted picture of the overall business climate. The future WTO review reports on these countries should have a separate section on transit‐related issues to contribute to policy debate on the problems of landlocked developing countries. Despite this, the publication of TPRN‐2012 is very timely given the emphasis placed in the current policy debate in the WTO and other international forums on the problems of landlocked developing countries.
Competition between Metals for Binding to Methanobactin Enables Expression of Soluble Methane Monooxygenase in the Presence of Copper
Authors: Kalidass Bhagyalakshmi , Ul-Haque Muhammad Farhan , Baral Bipin S. , DiSpirito Alan A. , Semrau Jeremy D. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

It is well known that copper is a key factor regulating expression of the two forms of methane monooxygenase found in proteobacterial methanotrophs. Of these forms, the cytoplasmic, or soluble, methane monooxygenase (sMMO) is expressed only at low copper concentrations. The membrane-bound, or particulate, methane monooxygenase (pMMO) is constitutively expressed with respect to copper, and such expression increases with increasing copper. Recent findings have shown that copper uptake is mediated by a modified polypeptide, or chalkophore, termed methanobactin. Although methanobactin has high specificity for copper, it can bind other metals, e.g., gold. Here we show that in
Methylosinus trichosporium
OB3b, sMMO is expressed and active in the presence of copper if gold is also simultaneously present. Such expression appears to be due to gold binding to methanobactin produced by
M. trichosporium
OB3b, thereby limiting copper uptake. Such expression and activity, however, was significantly reduced if methanobactin preloaded with copper was also added. Further, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) of transcripts of genes encoding polypeptides of both forms of MMO and SDS-PAGE results indicate that both sMMO and pMMO can be expressed when copper and gold are present, as gold effectively competes with copper for binding to methanobactin. Such findings suggest that under certain geochemical conditions, both forms of MMO may be expressed and active
in situ
. Finally, these findings also suggest strategies whereby field sites can be manipulated to enhance sMMO expression, i.e., through the addition of a metal that can compete with copper for binding to methanobactin.
New Genome Sequences of Gamboa Viruses (Family
Bunyaviridae
, Genus
Orthobunyavirus
) Isolated in Panama and Argentina
Authors: Nunes Marcio R. T. , Chiang Jannifer O. , de Lima Clayton P. S. , Martins Lívia C. , Aragão Dias Amarílis , Cardoso Jedson F. , Silva Sandro P. , Da Silva Daisy E. A. , Oliveira Layanna F. , Vasconcelos Janaina M. , Ferreira João Paulo C. , Travassos da Rosa Amelia P. A. , Guzman Hilda , Tesh Robert B. , Vasconcelos Pedro F. C. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

We describe here the nearly complete open reading frame (ORF) of five Gamboa virus strains isolated in Panama and Argentina. The viruses with complete ORF showed the regular genome organization observed in other orthobunyaviruses with exception to the presence of NSs protein. All predicted proteins showed homology with viruses belonging to members of the family
Bunyaviridae
.
Draft Genome Sequence of Cellulose-Digesting Bacterium Sporocytophaga myxococcoides PG-01
Authors: Liu Lin , Gao Peiji , Chen Guanjun , Wang Lushan 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Sporocytophaga myxococcoides
, a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from soil, is an efficient hydrolyzer of crystalline cellulose. Here, we report its draft genome sequence, which may provide important genetic information regarding the cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes that contribute to the cellulose-degrading abilities of this bacterium.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two Novel
Aeromonas
Species Recovered in Association with Cyanobacterial Blooms
Authors: Hossain Mohammad J. , Beaz-Hidalgo Roxana , Figueras María J. , Liles Mark R. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Aeromonas aquatica
and
Aeromonas lacus
are two new species that have been found in association with cyanobacterial blooms from recreational Finnish lakes where adverse human health effects have been recorded. Here, we present the draft genome sequences of their type strains.
Rapid and equivalent systemic bioavailability of the antidotes HI-6 and dicobalt edetate via the intraosseous and intravenous routes
Authors: Hill Simon L , Thomas Simon H L , Flecknell Paul A , Thomas Aurelie A , Morris Chris M , Henderson David , Dunn Michael , Blain Peter G 
Published: November 2014

BackgroundRapid and effective administration of antidotes by emergency medical responders is needed to improve the survival of patients severely poisoned after deliberate release of chemical weapons, but intravenous access is difficult to obtain while wearing personal protective equipment and in casualties with circulatory collapse. To test the hypothesis that rapid and substantial bioavailability of the antidotes HI-6 oxime and dicobalt edetate can be achieved via the intraosseous (IO) route, plasma concentration-time profiles of these antidotes were compared after administration by the intravenous and IO routes in a minipig animal model.Methods12 male Göttingen minipigs were randomly allocated to receive 7.14 mg/kg of HI-6 (by rapid bolus) then 4.28 mg/kg of dicobalt edetate (over 1 min) via the intravenous or IO route. Plasma concentrations of each antidote were measured over 360 min following administration and plasma concentration-time profiles plotted for each drug by each route.ResultsPeak HI-6 and cobalt concentrations occurred within 2 min of administration by both the intravenous and IO routes. Mean areas under the concentration-time curves (SD) to the end of the experiment (area under the concentration-time curve, AUC (0–t)) for cobalt were 430 (47, intravenous) and 445 (40, IO) μg-min/mL (mean difference 15, 95% CI −41 to 70, p=0.568) and for HI-6 were 2739 (1038, intravenous) and 2772 (1629, IO) μg-min/mL (mean difference 0.33, 95% CI −1724 to 1790, p=0.97). Increases in heart rate (by 50 beats/min intravenous and 27 beats/min IO) and BP, (by 67/58 mm Hg intravenous and 78/59 mm Hg IO), were observed after dicobalt edetate, consistent with the known adverse effects of this antidote.DiscussionThis study demonstrates rapid and similar systemic bioavailability of HI-6 and dicobalt edetate when given by the IO and intravenous routes. IO delivery of these antidotes is appropriate in the acute management of patients with organophosphate and cyanide intoxication when the intravenous route is impractical.
Benztropine for the relief of acute non-traumatic neck pain (wry neck): a randomised trial
Authors: Asha Stephen Edward , Kerr Andrew , Jones Keryn , McAlpine Ann 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of intra-muscular benztropine on pain and range of motion in patients presenting to the emergency department with acute, non-traumatic neck pain (wry neck).MethodsIn this two-centre randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group superiority trial, participants were allocated to receive 2 mg intramuscular benztropine or normal saline. Participants were aged 16–65 years, no history of neck disorders and no use of medication that cause dystonia. Randomisation was computer generated, with allocation concealment by opaque sequentially numbered sealed envelopes. Pain scores and neck range of motion were measured immediately before drug administration, and 30 min after. Pain scores, range of motion and adverse effects were compared between the groups. No funding was received. The trial was registered.ResultsThirty participants were enrolled, 15 randomised to placebo and 15 to benztropine. Pain scores at 30 min were lower in those allocated to benztropine, but the difference was neither statistically nor clinically significant (0.6 points, 95% CI −0.8 to 1.8, p=0.40). The range of motion of the cervical spine was greater in those receiving benztropine, but the differences were very small and not statistically significant. Adverse events were more common in those receiving benztropine.ConclusionsBenztropine was ineffective for reducing pain or improving range of motion of the cervical spine in patients suffering from acute, non-traumatic neck pain, but frequently caused anticholinergic side effects. However, as the CI for the primary outcome included the minimum difference considered clinically significant, an important effect of benztropine cannot be ruled out.Trial registration numberANZCTR#12612000354886
Evaluating the use of commercial drug-specific calibrators for determining PT and APTT reagent sensitivity to dabigatran and rivaroxaban
Authors: Adcock Dorothy , Hawes Emily M. , Francart Suzanne J. , Grant Russell P. , Moll Stephan , Gosselin Robert C. 
Published: November 2014

SummarySuitable laboratory methodologies for quantifying the non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOAC) include liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) or drug-calibrated assays such as the dilute thrombin time for dabigatran or anti-Xa measurements for rivaroxaban. In situations when these tests are unavailable, it has been suggested that using commercial drug calibrators on APTT and PT assays would theoretically provide reagent sensitivity to these drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine whether commercial drug calibrators deliver similar reagent sensitivity information as samples from patients receiving dabigatran or rivaroxaban as part of their routine care. Two laboratory sites tested commercial calibrator material for dabigatran and rivaroxaban (Hyphen Biomedical) using PT and APTT reagents and data was compared to samples collected from patients taking NOACs that were quantified by LC-MS/MS. Correlation statistics and calculating the amount of drug required to double the clotting time of normal plasma were performed. All drug calibrator material correlated more strongly (R2> 0.95) for any reagent/drug combination than patient samples (R2 ranged from 0.29–0.86). Dabigatran calibrator results and patient data were equivalent for SynthASil and PTT-A APTT reagents. The dabigatran and rivaroxaban calibrator material over-estimated drug sensitivity for all PT reagents when compared to sensitivity data calculated based on drug levels obtained by LC-MS/MS from patient samples. In conclusion, drug-specific calibrators overestimated reagent sensitivity which may underestimate in vivo drug concentration in a given patient. Further studies are required to assess whether this method of determining relative sensitivity of NOAC on routine coagulation assays should be recommended.
Determinants of premature familial arterial thrombosis in patients with juvenile ischaemic stroke
Authors: Pezzini Alessandro , Grassi Mario , Lodigiani Corrado , Patella Rosalba , Gandolfo Carlo , Zini Andrea , DeLodovici Maria Luisa , Paciaroni Maurizio , Del Sette Massimo , Toriello Antonella , Musolino Rossella , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Bovil Paolo , Adami Alessandro , Silvestrelli Giorgio , Sessa Maria , Cavallini Anna , Marcheselli Simona , Bonifati Domenico Marco , Checcarelli Nicoletta , Tancredi Lucia , Chiti Alberto , Del Zotto Elisabetta , Spalloni Alessandra , Costa Paolo , Giacalone Giacomo , Ferrazzi Paola , Poli Loris , Andrea Morotti , Maurizia Rasura , Simone Anna Maria , Gamba Massimo , Cerrato Paolo , Micieli Giuseppe , Melis Maurizio , Massucco Davide , De Giuli Valeria , Pepe Daniele , Iacoviello Licia , Padovani Alessandro 
Published: November 2014

SummaryFactors predicting family history (FH) of premature arterial thrombosis in young patients with ischaemic stroke (IS) have not been extensively investigated, and whether they might influence the risk of post-stroke recurrence is still unknown. In the present study we analysed 1,881 consecutive first-ever IS patients aged 18–45 years recruited from January 2000 to January 2012 as part of the Italian Project on Stroke in Young Adults (IPSYS). FH of premature arterial thrombosis was any thrombotic event [IS, myocardial infarction or other arterial events event] > 45 years in proband’s first-degree relatives. Compared with patients without FH of premature arterial thrombosis, those with FH (n= 85) were more often smokers (odds ratio [OR], 1.94; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.21–3.09) and carriers of procoagulant abnormalities (OR, 3.66; 95 % CI, 2.21–6.06). Smoking (OR, 2.48; 95 % CI, 1.20–5.15), the A1691 mutation in factor V gene (OR, 3.64; 95 % CI, 1.31–10.10), and the A20210 mutation in the prothrombin gene (OR, 8.40; 95 % CI 3.35–21.05) were associated with FH of premature stroke (n = 33), while circulating anti-phospholipids to FH of premature myocardial infarction (n = 45; OR, 3.48; 95 % CI, 1.61–7.51). Mean follow-up time was 46.6 ± 38.6 months. Recurrent events occurred more frequently in the subgroup of patients with FH of premature stroke [19.4 %); p = 0.051] compared to patients without such a FH. In conclusion, young IS patients with FH of premature arterial thrombosis exhibit a distinct risk-factor profile, an underlying procoagulant state and have worse vascular prognosis than those with no FH of juvenile thrombotic events.
White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) and prevalence of disease resistance in a commercially cultured population of Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798 (Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata)
Authors: Chakrabarty U. , Dutta S. , Mallik A. , Mandal N. 
Published: November 2014

White spot disease (WSD) caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is the leading cause for huge economic destruction in the shrimp aquaculture industry. The present study investigates the prevalence of WSSV and disease-resistant shrimps among a commercially cultured population of Penaeus monodon Fabricius, 1798. Results suggest that WSSV prevalence among 32 culture ponds affected by various diseases was 58.2% cumulatively in 2009 and 2010. Real-time PCR yielded 1.46 × 108, 1.94 × 106 and 3.6 × 104 copies of WSSV per μg of genomic DNA of shrimp in severe, moderate and low infected shrimps, successively. Among the shrimps collected, the prevalence of disease resistance was 31.4% and 37.1% consecutively in 2009 and 2010. It was found that 34% of the shrimps were disease resistant while considering both years. This study shows the importance of using disease-resistant seeds for better shrimp health management.
First record of Diacanthurus ophthalmicus and Nematopagurus lepidochirus (Decapoda, Anomura, Paguridae) from South Korea
Authors: Kim Mi Hyang , Kim Jung Nyun , Choi Jung Hwa , Seo In-Soo 
Published: November 2014

Two species of pagurid hermit crab,Diacanthurus ophthalmicus(Ortmann, 1892) andNematopagurus lepidochirus(Doflein, 1902), which were collected in 2013 from 129 m depth, east of Jeju Island, are now recorded from South Korea for the first time.Diacanthurus ophthalmicusandNematopagurus lepidochirusare the only members of the generaDiacanthurusandNematopagurusknown from South Korea, respectively.
La société civile au Liban: ses forces et ses faiblesses
Authors: Kiwan Fadia 
Published: November 2014

This paper investigates the multiple faces of Lebanese civil society, particularly focusing on the evolutions of the recent years. It reconstructs the state of the art in this field in order to see if Lebanese civil society could represent an alternative to ‘communitarian society’ and to the government of the traditional elites. The analysis starts from some relevant questions: which are, today, the most active components of Lebanese civil society and to which extent are they able to trigger change? To what extent the participation of the associations in Lebanon could be considered a mean of democratizationor, at least, a mean of political change? Was it possible for the civil society’s Organisations crossing the border lines of communitarianism, to develop a critical mass for change?The domestic and regional evolutions show a very complicated panorama where it seems very difficult to get out of confessionalism.
Stories from Quechan Oral Literature
Authors: Halpern A.M. , Miller Amy 
Published: November 2014

The Quechan are a Yuman people who have traditionally lived along the lower part of the Colorado River in California and Arizona. They are well known as warriors, artists, and traders, and they also have a rich oral tradition. The stories in this volume were told by tribal elders in the 1970s and early 1980s. The eleven narratives in this volume take place at the beginning of time and introduce the reader to a variety of traditional characters, including the infamous Coyote and also Kwayúu the giant, Old Lady Sanyuuxáv and her twin sons, and the Man Who Bothered Ants.
This book makes a long-awaited contribution to the oral literature and mythology of the American Southwest, and its format and organization are of special interest. Narratives are presented in the original language and in the storytellers’ own words. A prosodically-motivated broken-line format captures the rhetorical structure and local organization of the oral delivery and calls attention to stylistic devices such as repetition and syntactic parallelism. Facing-page English translation provides a key to the original Quechan for the benefit of language learners. The stories are organized into "story complexes”, that is, clusters of narratives with overlapping topics, characters, and events, told from diverse perspectives. In presenting not just stories but story complexes, this volume captures the art of storytelling and illuminates the complexity and interconnectedness of an important body of oral literature. Stories from Quechan Oral Literature provides invaluable reading for anyone interested in Native American cultural heritage and oral traditions more generally.
Role of Tropical Cyclones along the Monsoon Trough in the 2011 Thai Flood and Interannual Variability
Authors: Takahashi Hiroshi G. , Fujinami Hatsuki , Yasunari Tetsuzo , Matsumoto Jun , Baimoung Somchai 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
The atmospheric circulation patterns that were responsible for the heavy flooding that occurred in Thailand in 2011 are examined. This paper also investigates the interannual variation in precipitation over Indochina over a 33-yr period from 1979–2011, focusing on the role of westward-propagating tropical cyclones (TCs) over the Asian monsoon region. Cyclonic anomalies and more westward-propagating TCs than expected from the climatology of the area were observed in 2011 along the monsoon trough from the northern Indian subcontinent, the Bay of Bengal, Indochina, and the western North Pacific, which contributed significantly to the 2011 Thai flood. The strength of monsoon westerlies was normal, which implies that the monsoon westerly was not responsible for the seasonal heavy rainfall in 2011. Similar results were also obtained from the 33-yr statistical analysis. The 5-month total precipitation over Indochina covaried interannually with that along the monsoon trough. In addition, above-normal precipitation over Indochina was observed when enhanced cyclonic circulation with more westward-propagating TCs along the monsoon trough was observed. Notably, the above-normal precipitation was not due to the enhanced monsoon westerly over Indochina. Therefore, the 2011 Thai flood was caused by the typical atmospheric circulation pattern for an above-normal precipitation year. It is noteworthy that the effect of sea surface temperature (SST) forcing over the western North Pacific and the Niño-3.4 region on total precipitation during the summer rainy season over Indochina was unclear over the 33-yr period.