bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heterotopic ossification in the reaming tract of a percutaneous antegrade femoral nail: a case report
Authors: Botolin Sergiu , Mauffrey Cyril , Hammerberg E Mark , Hak David J , Stahel Philip F 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Introduction
Heterotopic ossification is a rare complication of musculoskeletal injuries, characterized by bone growth in soft tissues. Percutaneous antegrade intramedullary nailing represents the ‘gold standard’ for the treatment of femur shaft fractures. Minor bone growth is frequently seen around the proximal end of reamed femoral nails (so-called ‘callus caps’), which are asymptomatic and lack a therapeutic implication. The occurrence of excessive, symptomatic heterotopic ossification around the entry site of an antegrade femoral nail is rarely described in the literature.

Case presentation
We present the case of a 28-year-old Caucasian woman who developed extensive heterotopic ossification around the reaming seeds of a reamed femoral nail. She developed severe pain and significantly impaired range of motion of the hip joint, requiring revision surgery for heterotopic ossification resection and adjunctive local irradiation. She recovered full function of the hip and remained asymptomatic at her two-year follow-up appointment.

Conclusions
Severe heterotopic ossification represents a rare but potentially detrimental complication after percutaneous femoral nailing of femur shaft fractures. Diligent care during the reaming procedure, including placement of a trocar to protect from osteogenic seeding of the soft tissues, may help decrease the risk of developing heterotopic ossification after reamed antegrade femoral nailing.
Scottish and Newcastle Antiemetic Pre-treatment for paracetamol poisoning study (SNAP)
Authors: Thanacoody H K Ruben , Gray Alasdair , Dear James W , Coyle Judy , Sandilands Euan A , Webb David J , Lewis Steff , Eddleston Michael , Thomas Simon HL , Bateman D Nicholas 
Published: April 2013

Abstract

Background
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) poisoning remains the commonest cause of acute liver injury in Europe and North America. The intravenous (IV) N-acetylcysteine (NAC) regimen introduced in the 1970s has continued effectively unchanged. This involves 3 different infusion regimens (dose and time) lasting over 20 hours. The same weight-related dose of NAC is used irrespective of paracetamol dose. Complications include frequent nausea and vomiting, anaphylactoid reactions and dosing errors. We designed a randomised controlled study investigating the efficacy of antiemetic pre-treatment (ondansetron) using standard NAC and a modified, shorter, regimen.

Methods/Design
We designed a double-blind trial using a 2 × 2 factorial design involving four parallel groups. Pre-treatment with ondansetron 4 mg IV was compared against placebo on nausea and vomiting following the standard (20.25 h) regimen, or a novel 12 h NAC regimen in paracetamol poisoning. Each delivered 300 mg/kg bodyweight NAC. Randomisation was stratified on: paracetamol dose, perceived risk factors, and time to presentation. The primary outcome was the incidence of nausea and vomiting following NAC. In addition the frequency of anaphylactoid reactions and end of treatment liver function documented. Where clinically necessary further doses of NAC were administered as per standard UK protocols at the end of the first antidote course.

Discussion
This study is primarily designed to test the efficacy of prophylactic anti-emetic therapy with ondansetron, but is the first attempt to formally examine new methods of administering IV NAC in paracetamol overdose. We anticipate, from volunteer studies, that nausea and vomiting will be less frequent with the new NAC regimen. In addition as anaphylactoid response appears related to plasma concentrations of both NAC and paracetamol anaphylactoid reactions should be less likely. This study is not powered to assess the relative efficacy of the two NAC regimens, however it will give useful information to power future studies. As the first formal randomised clinical trial in this patient group in over 30 years this study will also provide information to support further studies in patients in paracetamol overdose, particularly, when linked with modern novel biomarkers of liver damage, patients at different toxicity risk.

Trial registration
EudraCT number 2009-017800-10, ClinicalTrials.gov IdentifierNCT01050270
The effect of polymer and CaCl2 concentrations on the sulfasalazine release from alginate-N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan beads
Authors: Tavakol Moslem , Vasheghani-Farahani Ebrahim , Hashemi-Najafabadi Sameereh 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In this study, pH-sensitive blended polymeric beads were prepared by ionic gelation of mixed alginate and N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC) solutions in aqueous media containing calcium chloride. To prepare drug-loaded beads, sulfasalazine (SA) as a model drug was added to the initial aqueous polymer solution. These beads were characterized and evaluated in vitro as potential carriers for colon-specific drug delivery. A 32 full factorial experimental design was employed to evaluate the effect of polymer and CaCl2 concentrations on swelling and drug release behavior of the beads in simulated gastrointestinal tract fluid. It was found that the rate of swelling and drug release decreased significantly with increasing polymer and CaCl2 concentrations, but polymer concentration was more effective than CaCl2 concentration. The beads prepared using 4.5% polymer concentration and 4% CaCl2 concentration retained approximately 60% of the loaded drug before approaching the simulated colonic fluid. Based on the results, the alginate-NOCC beads prepared with high polymer concentration could be potentially suitable polymeric carriers for colon-specific delivery of SA.
Reversibly Crosslinked Polymeric Micelles Formed by Autonomously Exchangeable Dynamic Covalent Bonds
Authors: Nishihara Masamichi , Imato Keiichi , Irie Atsushi , Kanehara Takeshi , Kano Arihiro , Maruyama Atsushi , Takahara Atsushi , Otsuka Hideyuki 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
We report the preparation of amphiphilic block copolymer micelles with dynamic covalent bonds as autonomously exchangeable crosslinkers with high tolerance against oxygen. Diarylbibenzofuranone (DABBF) was employed as a crosslinker owing to its durability to oxygen and autonomous exchangeability at ambient temperature. It was confirmed that the amphiphilic block copolymer containing the DABBF unit has the capability to form micelles and can form a crosslinking with an exchangeable structure in the presence of oxygen.
Important Change with Heparin Labels; Benadryl Dispensed Instead of Vitamins for Home Parenteral Nutrition; Potassium and Sodium Acetate Injection Mix-Ups; Don't Truncate, Stem, or Shorten Drug Names
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: April 2013

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers’ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters’ wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Influence of Cations on Aggregation Rates in Mg-Montmorillonite
Authors: Katz Al. , Xu Min , Steiner Jeffrey C. , Trusiak Adrianna , Alimova Alexandra , Gottlieb Paul , Block Karin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCritical-zone reactions involve inorganic and biogenic colloids in a cation-rich environment. The present research defines the rates and structure of purified Mg-montmorillonite aggregates formed in the presence of monovalent (K+) and divalent (Ca2+, Mg 2+) cations using light-extinction measurements. Time evolution of turbidity was employed to determine early-stage aggregation rates. Turbidity spectra were used to measure the fractal dimension at later stages. The power law dependence of the stability ratios on cation concentration was found to vary with the reciprocal of the valence rather than the predicted reciprocal of valence-squared, indicating that the platelet structure may be a factor influencing aggregation rates. The critical coagulation concentrations (CCC) (3 mM for CaCl2, 4 mM for MgCl2, and 70 mM for KCl) were obtained from the stability ratios. At a later time and above a minimal cation concentration, turbidity reached a quasi-stable state, indicating the formation of large aggregates. Under this condition, an approximate turbidity forward-scattering correction factor was applied and the fractal dimension was determined from the extinction spectra. For the divalent cations, the fractal dimensions were 1.65 ± 0.3 for Ca2+ and 1.75 ± 0.3 for Mg2+ and independent of cation concentrations above the CCC. For the monovalent cation, the fractal dimension increased with K+ concentration from 1.35 to 1.95, indicating a transition to a face-to-face geometry from either an edge-to-edge or edge-to-face orientation.
Weathering of Almandine Garnet: Influence of Secondary Minerals on the Rate-Determining Step, and Implications for Regolith-Scale Al Mobilization
Authors: Price Jason R. , Bryan-Ricketts Debra S. , Anderson Diane , Velbel Michael A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSecondary surface layers form by replacement of almandine garnet during chemical weathering. This study tested the hypothesis that the kinetic role of almandine’s weathering products, and the consequent relationships of primary-mineral surface texture and specific assemblages of secondary minerals, both vary with the solid-solution-controlled variations in Fe and Al contents of the specific almandine experiencing weathering.Surface layers are protective (PSL) when the volume of the products formed by replacement is greater than or equal to the volume of the reactants replaced. Under such circumstances, reaction kinetics at the interface between the garnet and the replacing mineral are transport controlled and either transport of solvents or other reactants to, or products from, the dissolving mineral is rate limiting. Beneath PSLs, almandine garnet surfaces are smooth, rounded, and featureless. Surface layers are unprotective (USL) when the volume of the products formed by replacement is less than the volume of the reactants replaced. Under such circumstances, reaction kinetics at the interface between the garnet and the replacing mineral are interface controlled and the detachment of ions or molecules from the mineral surface is rate limiting. Almandine garnet surfaces beneath USLs exhibit crystallographically oriented etch pits. However, contrary to expectations, etch pits occur on almandine garnet grains beneath some layers consisting of mineral assemblages consistent with PSLs.Based on the Pilling-Bedworth criterion, surface layers are more likely to be protective over a broad range of reactant-mineral compositions when they contain goethite, kaolinite, and pyrolusite. However, this combination requires specific ranges of Fe and Al content of the natural reacting almandine garnet. To form a PSL of goethite and kaolinite, an almandine garnet must have a minimum Al stoichiometric coefficient of ~3.75 a.p.f.u., and a minimum Fe stoichiometric coefficient of ~2.7 a.p.f.u.Product minerals also influence the mobility of the least-mobile major rock-forming elements. A PSL consisting of goethite, gibbsite, and kaolinite yields excess Al for export during almandine garnet weathering. As the quantity of kaolinite present in the PSL decreases, the amounts of Al available for export increases.
EXHIBITION REVIEWS
Authors: Walker Julia , McKenna Caitlin , Demerdash Nancy 
Published: March 2013

‘ZAHA HADID: FORM IN MOTION’, PHILADELPHIA MUSEUM OF ART, PERELMAN BUILDING, SEPTEMBER 20, 2011–MARCH 25, 2012
‘CITY OF MIRAGES: BAGHDAD, 1952–1982’ AND ‘CHANGE: ARCHITECTURE AND ENGINEERING IN THE MIDDLE EAST, 2000–PRESENT’,
CENTER FOR ARCHITECTURE, NEW YORK, FEBRUARY 22–MAY 5, 2012
‘ARTS DE L’ISLAM’, THE NEW PERMANENT EXHIBITION, MUSÉE DU LOUVRE, FROM SEPTEMBER 22, 2012
REVIEWS
Authors: Koven Mikel J. , Orsitto Fulvio , Trecchia Patrizia La , Caminati Luca , Rinaldi Lucia , Fabbri Lorenzo , Marini-Maio Nicoletta , Parati Graziella 
Published: March 2013

PERVERSE TITILLATION: THE EXPLOITATION CINEMA OF ITALY, SPAIN AND FRANCE, 1960-1980, DANNY SHIPKA (2011) Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company Inc., 346 pp., ISBN: 978-07864-4888-3, p/bk, $49.95
POPULAR ITALIAN CINEMA. CULTURE AND POLITICS IN A POSTWAR SOCIETY, FLAVIA BRIZIO-SKOV
(ED.) (2011) 1st ed., London and New York: I.B. Tauris & Co Ltd, 283 pp., ISBN: 978 1 84515 572 4, h/bk, $95.00
THE NEW NEAPOLITAN CINEMA, ALEX MARLOW MANN (2011) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 242 pp., ISBN: 978074864066 9, h/bk, £65.00
POSTCOLONIAL CINEMA STUDIES,
SANDRA PONZANESI AND MARGUERITE WALLER (ED.) (2012) New York: Routledge, 272 pp., ISBN: 9780415782296, p/bk, $39.95
MURDER MADE IN ITALY: HOMICIDE, MEDIA, AND CONTEMPORARY ITALIAN CULTURE, ELLEN NERENBERG (2012) Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 384 pp., ISBN: 978-0253223098,
p/bk, £29.95
BRUTAL VISION. THE NEOREALIST BODY IN POSTWAR ITALIAN CINEMA, KARL SCHOONOVER (2012) Minneapolis-London: University of Minnesota Press, 283 pp., ISBN: 978-0-8166-7555-5, p/bk, $25
LA MASCHERA, IL POTERE, LA SOLITUDINE. IL CINEMA DI PAOLO SORRENTINO, FRANCO VIGNI
(2012) Florence: Aska, 198 pp., ISBN: 9788875421779, p/bk, €20.00
ALTRA EUROPA/OTHER EUROP, DIRECTED BY ROSSELLA SCHILLACI (2011) Subsidized by Piemonte Doc Fund/Fondo Regionale per il Documentario and the Film Commission Regione Siciliana/Sicilia Film Commission. Produced by Azul
(Italy), in collaboration with Laranja Azul (Portugal). Distributed by The Royal Anthropological Institute, 50 Fitzroy Street, London W1T 5BT.
Crystal structure of bis(bromophenazone)hydrotribromide, (C11H11BrN2O)2HBr3, C22H23Br5N4O2
Authors: Lemoine Pascale , Viossat Bernard , Brion Jean Daniel , Bekaert Alain 
Published: April 2013

Abstract C22H23Br5N4O2, monoclinic, P2/n (no. 13), a = 12.5980(6) Å, b = 6.0596(2) Å, c = 17.9790(8) Å, β= 105.253(2)°, V = 1324.2 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0416, wRref(F2) = 0.1100, T = 293 K.
Unilateral renal agenesis in a neonate with congenital diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Han Kyoung , Kim Kwang , Chang Jee , Kim Young 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare and severe disorder with a high mortality rate among infants. Unilateral renal agenesis (URA) is a relatively common congenital urinary malformation. Here, we present the case of a newborn infant with left CDH associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis. The male patient was born weighing 3.850 g through normal spontaneous vaginal delivery at 38 weeks and 6 days of gestational age at a maternity hospital. He was transferred to our neonatal intensive care unit due to respiratory distress with tachypnea, grunting and cyanosis after birth. A chest radiography indicated parts of the bowel in the thoracic cavity, consistent with CDH. Renal ultrasonography indicated no kidney structure on the left side and a 5.6 cm right kidney with normal echogenicity. Repair of the diaphragmatic hernia was performed three days after birth. Most of the colon, small bowel, stomach and spleen were located in the left pleural cavity, but the left kidney was not seen. Subsequent dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy indicated non-visualized functional cortical uptake in the left kidney on day 13 after birth. Thus, we report the successful treatment of a patient with CDH accompanied by URA.
Trends in Incidence and Susceptibility among Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Intranasal Cultures Associated with Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Rujanavej Valin , Soudry Ethan , Banaei Niaz , Baron Ellen Jo , Hwang Peter H. , Nayak Jayakar V. 
Published: March 2013

Background Reports regarding the incidence and antibiotic susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in rhinosinusitis (RS) are limited. This study was designed to identify epidemiology and trends of MRSA incidence and antimicrobial resistance in the sinonasal cavities. Methods This is a retrospective case series. All intranasal/sinus cultures obtained by otolaryngologists at Stanford over a 20-year period (1990–2010) were retrospectively reviewed by mining the microbiology database. Nested searches were then made for all S. aureus and MRSA cultures. Patterns of incidence and changes in antibiotic susceptibilities were tabulated and statistical analysis was performed. Results Our search retrieved 10,387 positive intranasal culture samples, with S. aureus found in 800 (7.7%), and MRSA comprising 110 (1.06%) of this subset. Between the years of 1990 and 1999, only 2/112 (1.7%) of S. aureus–positive nasal cultures were positive for MRSA, with a sharp rise in incidence to 86/606 (14.2%) from 2000 to 2005, and to 22/82, 26.8% from 2006 to 2010. On a percent basis, using logistic regression modeling, this represents a statistically significant increasing trend (p < 0.0001) for MRSA sinusitis. However, over the 20-year interval studied, the patterns of antibiotic resistance among MRSA remained unaltered, especially with regard to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and vancomycin. Conclusion S. aureus and MRSA isolates from intranasal cultures, which were essentially absent before the year 2000, became significantly more common earlier this decade. These data show the increased role of MRSA in sinusitis. MRSA antibiotic susceptibilities have remained, however, largely stable during this time period.
Nasal Septal Perforation Repair Using Intranasal Rotation and Advancement Flaps
Authors: Park Joo Hyun , Kim Dae woo , Jin Hong Ryul 
Published: March 2013

Background We aimed to present our experience with and algorithm for septal perforation repair using advancement and rotation flaps. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on 14 patients who underwent septal perforation repair. Etiology, perforation size, presenting symptoms, reconstruction methods, combined operation, surgical results, and complications were evaluated. Results The mean postoperative follow-up duration was 36 ± 18 months. Among 14 cases, 9 had previous septoplasty or septorhinoplasty and 5 cases suffered from nasal trauma. The perforation sizes varied from 5 to 27 mm, with a 14-mm average. Two cases had multiple perforations. The main symptoms included nasal obstruction, crusting, epistaxis, and whistling. Perforations were repaired using advancement flaps in seven cases or combination of advancement and rotation flaps in seven cases, with or without an interposition graft. Bilateral mucosal closure was accomplished in all cases. Conchal cartilage, remnant septal cartilage, or septal bone was used for an interposition graft. Nine patients had a concurrent rhinoplasty with septal perforation repair. At last follow-up, complete perforation closure was achieved in 12 cases (85.7%). Septal perforation recurred in 2 large perforation cases, which were repaired without interposition grafts. Nasal symptoms disappeared or improved in 13 cases (92.9%). There were no serious complications after surgery. Conclusion Combined use of intranasal advancement and rotation flaps is a safe and promising option for surgical repair of moderate to large septal perforation. Bilateral tension-free mucosal closure with an interposition graft is important for the surgical success.
Storminess in the Low Countries, 1390-1725
Authors: de Kraker Adriaan 
Published: March 2013

Abstract
This paper looks into the historic storms of coastal Flanders and the south-western part of the Netherlands between 1390 and 1725. High quality information about these weather extremes has been retrieved from administrative documents concerning the annual maintenance of sea walls. Because the period under study deals with non-instrumental storm data, a method has been applied to assess this information, from which a picture emerges of annual storminess and of changing storminess throughout this long time period. Thus, periods of increasing and declining storm frequency can be distinguished. These fluctuations are compared with the storminess of the present period and some consideration is also given to possible links between historic storm frequency and temperature. Finally, attention is paid to the second decade of the eighteenth century, with its unusually high number of gales, and options for further research are explored.
A Review of Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy
Authors: Squires Janet E. , Squires Robert H. 
Published: April 2013

CME Educational Objectives

1.
Define Munchausen syndrome by proxy (MSP) and provide a more specific classification scheme that accurately reflects the spectrum of this disorder.

2.
Determine the clinical characteristics of the specific subtypes of MSP.

3.
Clarify the role played by the medical provider in MSP and challenges posed by our modern health care delivery system.

Munchausen syndrome by proxy was described 35 years ago,
1
and yet it remains a complicated, controversial, and confusing condition. The term was initially limited to circumstances in which a caregiver surreptitiously injured the child or the child’s symptoms were fabricated, both leading to unnecessary or potentially harmful medical care.
Comparison of Four Different VisuMax Circle Patterns for Flap Creation After Small Incision Lenticule Extraction
Authors: Riau Andri K. , Ang Heng P. , Lwin Nyein C. , Chaurasia Shyam S. , Tan Donald T. , Mehta Jodhbir S. 
Published: April 2013

PURPOSE:
To compare four different Circle patterns for flap creation after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:
SMILE was performed on six rabbits. Twenty-eight days after the initial procedure, corneal flaps were created using Circle patterns. Rabbits were divided into four groups (patterns A, B, C, and D). Pattern A creates a circular side cut to meet the cap cut within the clearance zone (outside of the optical zone). Patterns B, C, and D create a lamellar ring posterior, anterior, and at the same depth, respectively, to the cap to meet the cap cut in the clearance zone with the help of a junction cut. Difficulty of flap lift was graded from 1 (easiest) to 5 (most difficult). The bed quality was assessed by scanning electron microscopy.

RESULTS:
Flaps created by patterns A and D were the easiest to lift (grade 2). The resulting flap bed was smooth and undisrupted. However, pattern A resulted in a reduced re-treatment area. Flaps created by pattern B were the most difficult to lift (grade 4). The stromal dissection was difficult in an attempt to ascertain the original optical zone from the lamellar ring, placed posterior. Flaps produced by pattern C were easy to lift, with minor intrastromal resistance experienced during the lifting process (grade 3). The transition between the lamellar ring and cap cut was hardly discernible in pattern C-treated corneas.

CONCLUSIONS:
Pattern D, a lamellar ring adjacent to the cap cut, was the most optimal to be used for flap creation in cases of SMILE re-treatment.

[
J Refract Surg.
2013;29(4):236–244.]