bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the intensity, duration and muscle mass factors of isometric exercise on acute local muscle hemodynamic responses and systematic blood pressure regulation
Authors: Lin Songmei , Sun Pu , Huang Liwan , Hernandez Manuel , Yu Hongjun , Jan Yih-Kuen 
Published: August 2024

Isometric exercise is a non-pharmacologic intervention to improve muscle hemodynamic responses and blood pressure in humans. However, the effects of intensity, duration, and muscle mass factors of isometric exercise on local muscle hemodynamic responses and systemic blood pressure regulation have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to assess whether various modes of isometric exercise could induce various levels of muscle hemodynamic responses that are related to the blood pressure changes. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to assess muscle hemodynamic responses after 4 isometric exercise protocols in 20 healthy adults. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures was used to assess the effect of factors of isometric exercise on oxyhemoglobin, deoxy-hemoglobin, blood volume, and oxygenation. For oxygenation, the lowest mean was recorded for the unilateral isometric handgrip exercise at 30% of MVC for 2 min (−0.317 ± 0.379 μM) while the highest mean was observed for the isometric wall squat (1.496 ± 0.498 μM, P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, both the bilateral isometric handgrip exercise at 30% MVC for 1 min (1.340 ± 0.711 μM, P &lt; 0.05) and the unilateral isometric handgrip exercise at 20% MVC for 3 min (0.798 ± 0.324 μM, P &lt; 0.05) are significantly higher than 30% of MVC for 2 min. Blood pressure showed an inverse trend with oxygenation changes of the forearm muscle. The study indicates that the duration and muscle mass of isometric exercise are more effective on oxygenation responses and systematic blood pressure regulation, and suggests that the local muscle oxygenation factor following isometric contractions may mediate systematic blood pressure regulation.
Strategies based on nido-carborane embedded indole fluorescent polymers: their synthesis, spectral properties and cell imaging studies
Authors: Wang Lei , Mao Lingwei , Feng Xibing , Wang Shuo , Jin Guofan 
Published: August 2024

The continuous preparation scheme EPO-Poly-indol-nido-carborane (E-P-INDOLCAB), L100-55-Poly-indol-nido-carborane (L-P-INDOLCAB), RS-Poly-indol-nido-carborane (S-P-INDOLCAB), and RL-Poly-indol-nido-carborane (R-P-INDOLCAB) were used to prepare the four types of acrylic resin-coated nido-carborane indole fluorescent polymers. After testing their spectral properties and the fluorescence stability curve trend at various acidic pH values (3.4 and 5.5, respectively), L-P-INDOLCAB and S-P-INDOLCAB were determined to be the best polymers. The stable states of the two polymers and the dispersion of the nanoparticles on the system’s surface during Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) test are shown by the zeta potentials of −23 and −42 mV. The dispersion of nanoparticles on the system’s surface and the stable condition of the two polymers were examined using zeta potential and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can also confirm these findings, showing that the acrylic resin securely encases the interior to form an eyeball. Both polymers’ biocompatibility with HELA cells was enhanced in cell imaging, closely enclosing the target cells. The two complexes displayed strong inhibitory effects on PC-3 and HeLa cells when the concentration was 20 ug/mL, as validated by subsequent cell proliferation toxicity studies.
Evaluating pre-anesthesia assessment performance in residency: the reliability of standardized patient methods
Authors: Besnier Emmanuel , Franchina Sébastien , Lefevre-Scelles Antoine , Wable Thierry , Hanouz Jean-Luc , Allard Etienne , Dureuil Bertrand , Compère Vincent 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundPre-anesthesia assessment clinic (PAC) is known to increase safety and quality in the perioperative period. However, PAC teaching during anesthesiology residency is a challenge. The objective of this study was to assess the reliability of a simulation score grid using a standardized patient on the PAC performance of anesthesiology residents.MethodsA score grid, including the 4 components of the PAC (clinical evaluation, perioperative strategy, information and communication) was validated by a group of 5 senior anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology residents (&gt; one year) and attending anesthesiologists were included. The same simulation sequence with the same standardized patient was conducted in a simulation dedicated consultation room. The simulation sequence was followed by a debriefing session with the 2 professors (anesthesiology and communication) and each anesthesiology resident. The main outcome was the overall grid score out of a maximum score of 300 and the correlation of this score with experience in anesthesiology residency. Secondary outcomes were individual component scores according to level of experience in anesthesiology.ResultsBetween October 2014 and April 2016, 109 anesthesiology residents and 16 attending anesthesiologists were included in this prospective bicentric study. There was a positive correlation (p &lt; 0.01) between level of experience and overall score on the grid score (Pearson’s Coefficient = 0.52). The Pearson correlation coefficient between overall assessment and level of experience in anesthesiology was 0.46 (p &lt; 0.01). The analysis of the sub-scores for the 4 components of the overall score (evaluation, perioperative strategy, information and communication) also identify differences between groups of experience.ConclusionStandardized patient Simulation of PAC seems to be a reliable tool to assess PAC performance in anesthesiology residents and senior anesthesiologists. These results suggest standardized patient simulation could be used as a teaching tool for PAC.
Attitudes and psychotropic preferences of primary care providers in the management of mental disorders: a web-based survey
Authors: Örüm Dilek 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundMany variables may affect the approaches of primary care providers (PCPs) to mental disorders. This study was aimed at reaching PCPs actively practicing in Turkey through a web-based survey and determining their practices and attitudes regarding mental disorders.MethodsThis was a web-based, quantitative, cross-sectional, primary care approach-based observational survey.ResultsData from 454 PCPs (213 male, 241 female; 321 general practitioners, 133 family medicine specialists) were examined. In-service training in psychiatry (p &lt; 0.001), using classification criteria when evaluating mental disorders (p &lt; 0.001), and experience in diagnosing mental disorders (p = 0.003) were more prevalent among family medicine specialists than general practitioners. Regardless of specialization status, PCPs reported the most difficulty diagnosing bipolar disorder (62.33%) and following-up alcohol/drug use disorder (52.20%). Significant differences in the use of psychotropic medications were observed between general practitioners and family medicine specialists. While the rate of direct referral to psychiatry without intervening in certain situations was higher among general practitioners, variety of psychotropic medication use were also more evident among them. Misinformation that antidepressants cause forgetfulness, numbness, suicide, and addiction was prevalent among all PCPs. Those who had in-service training in psychiatry had significantly more experience in using classification criteria, diagnosing and starting treatment for mental disorders, using psychotropic medications, and encountering suicide-related situations (p &lt; 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis demonstrated that psychiatry in-service training experience can improve the use of classification criteria, suicide detection, antidepressant choice in anxiety, and understanding the addictive nature of antidepressants (Sensitivity = 88.6%; Specificity = 98.3%; Beginning block −2 Log likelihood 628.946, overall p value &lt; 0.001; Block one −2 Log likelihood 141.054a, Cox &amp; Snell R2 = 0.659, Nagelkerke R2 = 0.878; Hosmer and Lemeshow Test p = 0.938).ConclusionThis study makes significant contributions to the literature by discussing the subject in detail and comparing general practitioners and family medicine specialists. Regardless of their specialty status, PCPs’ knowledge about mental disorders needs to be improved. In-service psychiatry training is one of the tools that can be used for this purpose.
Development and validation of a predictive model for prolonged length of stay in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients combined with cerebral infarction
Authors: Tang Mingshan , Zhao Yan , Xiao Jing , Jiang Side , Tan Juntao , Xu Qian , Pan Chengde , Wang Jie 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThis study aimed to identify the predictive factors for prolonged length of stay (LOS) in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients suffering from cerebral infarction (CI) and construct a predictive model to effectively utilize hospital resources.MethodsClinical data were retrospectively collected from T2DM patients suffering from CI aged ≥65 years who were admitted to five tertiary hospitals in Southwest China. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model and multivariable logistic regression analysis were conducted to identify the independent predictors of prolonged LOS. A nomogram was constructed to visualize the model. The discrimination, calibration, and clinical practicality of the model were evaluated according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), calibration curve, decision curve analysis (DCA), and clinical impact curve (CIC).ResultsA total of 13,361 patients were included, comprising 6,023, 2,582, and 4,756 patients in the training, internal validation, and external validation sets, respectively. The results revealed that the ACCI score, OP, PI, analgesics use, antibiotics use, psychotropic drug use, insurance type, and ALB were independent predictors for prolonged LOS. The eight-predictor LASSO logistic regression displayed high prediction ability, with an AUROC of 0.725 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.710–0.739), a sensitivity of 0.662 (95% CI: 0.639–0.686), and a specificity of 0.675 (95% CI: 0.661–0.689). The calibration curve (bootstraps = 1,000) showed good calibration. In addition, the DCA and CIC also indicated good clinical practicality. An operation interface on a web page (https://xxmyyz.shinyapps.io/prolonged_los1/) was also established to facilitate clinical use.ConclusionThe developed model can predict the risk of prolonged LOS in elderly T2DM patients diagnosed with CI, enabling clinicians to optimize bed management.
A comparison of conscious sedation and local anesthesia for thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke: a multicenter study
Authors: Onalan Aysenur , Gurkas Erdem , Akpinar Cetin Kursad , Aykaç Özlem , Acar Turkan , Acar Bilgehan , Kocabaş Zehra Uysal , Doğan Hasan , Balgetir Ferhat , Genc Sule Kavak , Yabalak Ahmet , Ozdemir Atilla Ozcan 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionIschemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) is a serious health problem in which brain tissue suffers from hypoxic damage due to obstruction in cerebral vessels. Mechanical thrombectomy is a commonly used method in the treatment of these patients. However, the effects of local anesthesia (LA) and conscious sedation (CS) during thrombectomy are still unclear. We evaluated whether there was a relationship between the two anesthesia regimens in terms of 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores.MethodsIn this study, a retrospective observational study was conducted to evaluate the effects of LA and CS used during mechanical thrombectomy in four comprehensive stroke centers among ICVD patients. Patients were divided into the LA group and the CS group. Statistical analysis was performed before and after 1:1 matching under propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. The primary outcome measure was an mRS score of 0–2 at 90 days. Secondary outcomes were procedure times, recanalization rates, symptomatic and asymptomatic hemorrhage rates, and procedural complications.ResultsA total of 193 patients (118 patients with LA and 75 patients with CS) were included in the final analysis before PSM. After 1:1 PSM, 98 patients—49 patients from each group—were included in the study. There was no difference in clinical outcomes between the LA- and CS-applied groups (p = 0.543). When blood pressure (BP) values at follow-up after endovascular treatment (EVT) were compared, the lowest systolic and lowest diastolic BP were found to be lower in the CS group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.009). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of recanalization rates, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) rates, 90-day mRS, and procedure-related complication rates (p = 0.617, p = 0.274, p = 0.543, and p = 1.000).ConclusionThis study did not reveal the superiority of CS applied during EVT on 90-day mRS, sICH, recanalization rates, or procedural complications. However, the risk of developing hypotension during the CS application was found to be high.
Association between estimation of pulse wave velocity and all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: an analysis based on the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Li Jianquan , Zhang Meimei , Ye Baning , Lu Mingjie , Liao Gang 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundEstimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV), which measures vascular aging, is an independent predictor of cardiovascular death. Nevertheless, the relationship between ePWV and all-cause mortality among patients suffering from non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhages (NSAH) remains obscure. Consequently, the objective of this study is to ascertain whether ePWV exerts influence on the prognosis of individuals afflicted with NSAH.MethodsThrough the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database, 644 eligible participants were included. The Kaplan–Meier survival curve method was employed to assess the disparity in survival status between the low and high ePWV cohorts. The Cox proportional hazard model was employed to investigate the association between ePWV and inpatient mortality among critically ill patients diagnosed with NSAH. The Restricted Cubic Spline (RCS) model was employed to examine the dose–response correlation. Subsequently, multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify independent prognostic factors. Lastly, the impact of ePWV on inpatient mortality across various subgroups was evaluated through stratified analysis.ResultsParticipants were categorized into two groups, delineated by their ePWV levels: a low ePWV level group and a high ePWV level group. Survival analysis unveiled that individuals with high ePWV exhibited a diminished survival rate compared to their counterparts with low ePWV. Following adjustment, low ePWV was significantly linked with a reduced risk of inpatient mortality among patients with NSAH (HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.32–0.89, p = 0.016). Simultaneously, analysis employing the RCS model further substantiated a linear escalation in the risk of inpatient mortality with increasing ePWV values.ConclusionElevated ePWV levels have been identified as an independent risk factor for the rise in inpatient mortality among NSAH patients and as a significant predictor of the clinical outcome of NSAH.
The comparison of meat yield, quality, and flavor between small-tailed Han sheep and two crossbred sheep and the verification of related candidate genes
Authors: Xiao Cheng , Liu Yu , Zhao Wenjun , Liang Yingjia , Cui Chao , Yang Shaoying , Fang WenWen , Miao Lisheng , Yuan Zhiyu , Lin Zihan , Zhai Bo , Zhao Zhongli , Zhang Lichun , Ma Huihai , Jin Haiguo , Cao Yang 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionIn Northeast China, Dorper and Australian White rams are commonly crossbred with small-tailed Han (STH) ewes to improve the offspring's meat yield and quality. However, the differences in traits and the flavor between the crossbred sheep and STH sheep remain unclear. In addition, the candidate genes potentially influencing the meat quality in the three sheep breeds require further verification.MethodsA total of 18 2-month-old healthy rams were raised over a period of 5 months, which included 6 STH, 6 Dorper and small-tailed Han crossbred (Do × STH), and 6 Australian white and small-tailed Han crossbred (Au × STH) offspring. The differences in slaughter, meat quality traits, fatty acid and amino acid composition in the muscular longissimus dorsi (MLD), and volatile compounds in the semitendinosus muscle were compared between the sheep breeds. The candidate genes related to intramuscular fat (IMF) content and fatty acids were validated.ResultsThe results of this study revealed that the crossbred sheep had higher body weight, carcass weight, bone weight, net meat weight, and IMF content than the STH sheep (p &lt; 0.05). The Do × STH offspring had a higher pH value (24 h), moisture content, and cooking percentage; they also had redder and brighter meat color. The content of myristate, palmitic, and margaric acids in the crossbred sheep was higher than that in the STH sheep (p &lt; 0.05). The Do × STH offspring had the highest saturated fatty acid content (p &lt; 0.05). The Au × STH offspring had the highest protein content (p &lt; 0.05). The arachidonic acid and amino acid (Asp, Ala, Ile, Leu, Lys, Thr, and essential amino acid) contents were higher in the STH sheep than in the crossbred sheep (p &lt; 0.05). The odor activity value (OAV) analysis showed that most of the aldehydes in the Au × STH offspring had higher values. The PDK4 gene expression was positively associated with the IMF content and was negatively correlated with the linoleic acid content in the Do × STH sheep (p &lt; 0.05). The TMEM273 gene expression was positively associated with linoleic and arachidonic acid contents and was negatively correlated with oleic and palmitic acid contents in the Do × STH sheep (p &lt; 0.05).DiscussionThe results showed the differences between the crossbred sheep and STH sheep and provided the candidate genes related to meat quality in sheep.
Assessing clinical efficacy of polyp detection models using open-access datasets
Authors: Marchese Aizenman Gabriel , Salvagnini Pietro , Cherubini Andrea , Biffi Carlo 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundEnsuring accurate polyp detection during colonoscopy is essential for preventing colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent advances in deep learning-based computer-aided detection (CADe) systems have shown promise in enhancing endoscopists’ performances. Effective CADe systems must achieve high polyp detection rates from the initial seconds of polyp appearance while maintaining low false positive (FP) detection rates throughout the procedure.MethodWe integrated four open-access datasets into a unified platform containing over 340,000 images from various centers, including 380 annotated polyps, with distinct data splits for comprehensive model development and benchmarking. The REAL-Colon dataset, comprising 60 full-procedure colonoscopy videos from six centers, is used as the fifth dataset of the platform to simulate clinical conditions for model evaluation on unseen center data. Performance assessment includes traditional object detection metrics and new metrics that better meet clinical needs. Specifically, by defining detection events as sequences of consecutive detections, we compute per-polyp recall at early detection stages and average per-patient FPs, enabling the generation of Free-Response Receiver Operating Characteristic (FROC) curves.ResultsUsing YOLOv7, we trained and tested several models across the proposed data splits, showcasing the robustness of our open-access platform for CADe system development and benchmarking. The introduction of new metrics allows for the optimization of CADe operational parameters based on clinically relevant criteria, such as per-patient FPs and early polyp detection. Our findings also reveal that omitting full-procedure videos leads to non-realistic assessments and that detecting small polyp bounding boxes poses the greatest challenge.ConclusionThis study demonstrates how newly available open-access data supports ongoing research progress in environments that closely mimic clinical settings. The introduced metrics and FROC curves illustrate CADe clinical efficacy and can aid in tuning CADe hyperparameters.
Malaria and associated factors among under-five children in Borena pastoral communities, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Aliyo Alqeer , Golicha Wako , Fikrie Anteneh 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundMalaria continues to be an important threat to public health and infects millions of children under 5 years of age each year. Although Ethiopia has set targets for at-risk group interventions to eradicate and manage malaria, the illness is still a serious public health problem in areas where it is endemic, especially in the unique lowlands in the Borena zone.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria and associated factors among children in Borena’s pastoral communities, Oromia Regional State, southern Ethiopia, in 2022.MethodsA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 1 March to 30 April 2022 among 437 randomly selected households with children under 5 years of age in pastoral communities in the Borena zone. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with structured and pretested questionnaires and blood sample examination using microscopy. Thick and thin blood smears were prepared and examined under a microscope at a health center to confirm malaria cases. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with malaria, and a p-value &lt;0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.ResultThe prevalence of malaria among children under 5 years of age was 27.8% (95% CI = 23.5–32.1), and the prevalence rates of Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and mixed malaria were 68.4%, 25.6%, and 6%, respectively. Regarding the proportion of malaria among age groups, 81% of children under 5 years of age between 48 and 59 months were malaria-positive. In this study, fever within the last week (AOR = 13.34, 95% CI = 6.37–27.95) and not sleeping under insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) (AOR = 3.10, 95% CI =1.95–4.92) were significantly associated with malaria. The age of the children was negatively associated with malaria prevalence.ConclusionThe prevalence of malaria among children under 5 years old was high during the rainy season in this pastoral region of Ethiopia. Factors such as fever within the last week and not sleeping in insecticide-treated nets were significantly associated with malaria. Therefore, to reduce malaria-related infections and deaths among children under 5 years of age, the government ought to enhance the availability and utilization of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs).