bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface differential rotation of IL Hya from time-series Doppler images
Authors: Kővári Zsolt , Kriskovics Levente , Oláh Katalin , Vida Krisztián , Bartus János , Strassmeier Klaus G. , Weber Michael 
Published: August 2014

AbstractWe present a time-series Doppler imaging study of the K-subgiant component in the RS CVn-type binary system IL Hya (Porb=12.905 d). From re-processing the unique long-term spectroscopic dataset of 70 days taken in 1996/97, we perform a thorough cross-correlation analysis to derive surface differential rotation. As a result we get solar-type differential rotation with a shear value α of 0.05, in agreement with preliminary suggestions from previous attempts. A possible surface pattern of meridional circulation is also detected.
Hydromagnetic Equilibria and their Evolution in Neutron Stars
Authors: Reisenegger Andreas 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe strongest known magnetic fields are found in neutron stars. I briefly discuss how they are inferred from observations, as well as the evidence for their time-evolution. I go on to show how these extremely strong fields are actually weak in terms of their effects on the stellar structure. This is also the case for magnetic stars on the upper main sequence and magnetic white dwarfs, which have similar total magnetic fluxes, perhaps pointing to an evolutionary connection. I suggest that a stable hydromagnetic equilibrium (containing a poloidal and a toroidal field component) could be established soon after the birth of the neutron star, aided by the strong compositional stratification of neutron star matter, and this state is slowly eroded by non-ideal magnetohydrodynamic processes such as beta decays and ambipolar diffusion in the core of the star and Hall drift and breaking of the solid in its crust. Over sufficiently long time scales, the fluid in the neutron star core will behave as if it were barotropic, because, depending on temperature and magnetic field strength, beta decays will keep adjusting the composition to the chemical equilibrium state, or ambipolar diffusion will decouple the charged component from the neutrons. Therefore, the still open question regarding stable hydromagnetic equilibria in barotropic fluids will become relevant for the evolution, at least for magnetar fields, which are likely too strong to be stabilized by the solid crust.
Spatio-temporal processing of tactile stimuli in autistic children
Authors: Wada Makoto , Suzuki Mayuko , Takaki Akiko , Miyao Masutomo , Spence Charles , Kansaku Kenji 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAltered multisensory integration has been reported in autism; however, little is known concerning how the autistic brain processes spatio-temporal information concerning tactile stimuli. We report a study in which a crossed-hands illusion was investigated in autistic children. Neurotypical individuals often experience a subjective reversal of temporal order judgments when their hands are stimulated while crossed and the illusion is known to be acquired in early childhood. However, under those conditions where the somatotopic representation is given priority over the actual spatial location of the hands, such reversals may not occur. Here, we showed that a significantly smaller illusory reversal was demonstrated in autistic children than in neurotypical children. Furthermore, in an additional experiment, the young boys who had higher Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) scores generally showed a smaller crossed hands deficit. These results suggest that rudimentary spatio-temporal processing of tactile stimuli exists in autistic children and the altered processing may interfere with the development of an external frame of reference in real-life situations.
DRK/DOS/SOS converge with Crk/Mbc/dCed-12 to activate Rac1 during glial engulfment of axonal debris
Authors: Lu Tsai-Yi , Doherty Johnna , Freeman Marc R. 
Published: August 2014

Significance
Neuronal cell death or injury leads to the production of neuronal cell corpses and cellular debris that must be cleared from the nervous system to avoid inflammation or toxicity. Glia are the primary cell type responsible for clearing neuronal debris, but precisely how these cells recognize, phagocytose, and destroy this material remains poorly defined. Here we use a simple nerve injury assay to identify genes downstream of the engulfment receptor Draper that are required for efficient glial engulfment of degenerating axons. Based on the molecular and functional conservation of this pathway in mammals, this study sheds new light on pathways potentially used by mammalian glia to react to brain injury or neurodegeneration.
An Egg-Per-Recruit Model to Evaluate the Effects of Upstream Transport and Downstream Passage Mortality of American Eel in the Susquehanna River
Authors: Sweka John A. , Eyler Sheila , Millard Michael J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Dams and their associated effects on the migration and mortality of the American Eel Anguilla rostrata have been implicated as a significant factor in the current depleted status of the species along the Atlantic coast of North America. Female American Eels that mature in areas below dams may be smaller and have lower fecundity than individuals that mature in more upstream reaches of a river system. However, increased mortality associated with downstream migration through hydroelectric turbines may negate any reproductive advantage afforded to American Eels occupying areas upstream of hydroelectric facilities. We developed an American Eel egg-per-recruit (EPR) model to investigate how various levels of upstream and downstream passage may affect the reproductive output from rivers with hydroelectric facilities. We applied our model to the Susquehanna River and found that if American Eels are passed upstream of multiple dams on the river, cumulative downstream passage survival must be ≥33% for the upstream passage to be beneficial; otherwise, upstream passage is likely to result in an EPR deficit when compared with no passage. Cumulative downstream passage survival would need to increase substantially above 33% to have a high probability of making any gains in terms of EPR. Our EPR modeling framework can be adapted to other systems and used to make recommendations for necessary upstream and downstream passage for the conservation of American Eels in rivers impacted by hydroelectric facilities.
Received December 24, 2013; accepted March 28, 2014
Characterization of River Herring Bycatch in the Northwest Atlantic Midwater Trawl Fisheries
Authors: Bethoney N. David , Stokesbury Kevin D. E. , Schondelmeier Bradley P. , Hoffman William S. , Armstrong Michael P. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
In the U.S. northwest Atlantic, the incidental catch of river herring (Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring A. aestivalis) by midwater trawl vessels targeting Atlantic Herring Clupea harengus and Atlantic Mackerel Scomber scombrus has become a concern for river herring conservation. Reduction of this incidental catch is a focus of fisheries managers, but information about river herring bycatch is limited. To improve the information available to fishery managers, we combined portside and at-sea observations to examine (1) the size of river herring, (2) the concentration of river herring with respect to the target species, and (3) the yearly contribution of different fishery areas to the total catch of river herring. We divided the fishery's spatial range into four nearshore areas and tested two null hypotheses: (1) length frequency distributions of river herring are similar between areas and between species and (2) bycatch ratios are similar among areas. We also used length frequency distributions and river herring size at maturity to infer and compare maturity status. Results showed interannual, interspecies, and intraspecies differences in bycatch among and within the four nearshore areas. Bycatch in the northern areas was mainly migratory mature or near-mature river herring from mixed origins, whereas bycatch in the southern areas was a mix of juveniles, prespawning adults from nearby areas, and migratory adults. At the levels seen in 2011 and 2012, bycatch in the midwater trawl fishery could not account for the overall decline in river herring. However, a large proportion of river herring caught in the southern areas of the fishery may be juveniles originating from New Jersey to southern New England. To better understand this impact, continued monitoring and studies examining the at-sea population dynamics of river herring are needed.
Received June 4, 2013; accepted April 2, 2014
Estimating biological elementary flux modes that decompose a flux distribution by the minimal branching property
Authors: Chan Siu Hung Joshua , Solem Christian , Jensen Peter Ruhdal , Ji Ping 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMotivation: Elementary flux mode (EFM) is a useful tool in constraint-based modeling of metabolic networks. The property that every flux distribution can be decomposed as a weighted sum of EFMs allows certain applications of EFMs to studying flux distributions. The existence of biologically infeasible EFMs and the non-uniqueness of the decomposition, however, undermine the applicability of such methods. Efforts have been made to find biologically feasible EFMs by incorporating information from transcriptional regulation and thermodynamics. Yet, no attempt has been made to distinguish biologically feasible EFMs by considering their graphical properties. A previous study on the transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes found that distinct branches at a branch point metabolite usually belong to distinct metabolic pathways. This suggests an intuitive property of biologically feasible EFMs, i.e. minimal branching.Results: We developed the concept of minimal branching EFM and derived the minimal branching decomposition (MBD) to decompose flux distributions. Testing in the core Escherichia coli metabolic network indicated that MBD can distinguish branches at branch points and greatly reduced the solution space in which the decomposition is often unique. An experimental flux distribution from a previous study on mouse cardiomyocyte was decomposed using MBD. Comparison with decomposition by a minimum number of EFMs showed that MBD found EFMs more consistent with established biological knowledge, which facilitates interpretation. Comparison of the methods applied to a complex flux distribution in Lactococcus lactis similarly showed the advantages of MBD. The minimal branching EFM concept underlying MBD should be useful in other applications.Contact: sinhu@bio.dtu.dk or p.ji@polyu.edu.hkSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Torsional behavior of chromatin is modulated by rotational phasing of nucleosomes
Authors: Nam Gi-Moon , Arya Gaurav 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Torsionally stressed DNA plays a critical role in genome organization and regulation. While the effects of torsional stresses on naked DNA have been well studied, little is known about how these stresses propagate within chromatin and affect its organization. Here we investigate the torsional behavior of nucleosome arrays by means of Brownian dynamics simulations of a coarse-grained model of chromatin. Our simulations reveal a strong dependence of the torsional response on the rotational phase angle Ψ0 between adjacent nucleosomes. Extreme values of Ψ0 lead to asymmetric, bell-shaped extension-rotation profiles with sharp maxima shifted toward positive or negative rotations, depending on the sign of Ψ0, and to fast, irregular propagation of DNA twist. In contrast, moderate Ψ0 yield more symmetric profiles with broad maxima and slow, uniform propagation of twist. The observed behavior is shown to arise from an interplay between nucleosomal transitions into states with crossed and open linker DNAs and global supercoiling of arrays into left- and right-handed coils, where Ψ0 serves to modulate the energy landscape of nucleosomal states. Our results also explain the torsional resilience of chromatin, reconcile differences between experimentally measured extension-rotation profiles, and suggest a role of torsional stresses in regulating chromatin assembly and organization.
First Report of Downy Mildew on Blackberry Caused by Peronospora sparsa in Arkansas
Authors: Smith S. , Roberson S. , Cochran K. 
Published: August 2014

In March of 2014, blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) greenhouse seedlings with leaf symptoms that included yellowing on the leaf surface and reddish brown angular lesions with necrotic centers and chlorotic margins were detected in the University of Arkansas Fruit Research Station in Clarksville, AR (35°32.065′ N, 93°24.3564′ W). Symptoms were observed on multiple blackberries in the greenhouse, with an estimated prevalence of 25%. Three symptomatic samples of the affected plants were submitted to the Plant Health Clinic in Fayetteville, AR, for diagnosis. Sporulation was observed on the underside of the symptomatic leaf tissue. Hyaline sporangiophores were observed emerging from stomata on the undersides of leaves, 295 to 620 × 4 to 6 μm with long, straight trunks and were branched 3 to 4 times with bifurcated tips, with a length of 5 to 23 μm. Typically, one branch of each pair curved inward and one reflexed. Sporangiophores ended with sporangia that were round or slightly ovoid, colorless to yellowish-brown, and 14 to 22 × 11 to 18 μm. The causal agent was morphologically identified as Peronospora sparsa Berk (1,2). The identification was confirmed using a molecular method directly from plant tissue. DNA was extracted from two samples (~3 × 3 mm) from each of three symptomatic leaves, followed by PCR amplification using P. sparsa-specific rDNA-ITS region primers P1: 5′-CACGTGAACCGTATCAACC-3′ and P2: 5′-GATAGGGCTTGCCCAGTAG-3′ (GenBank Accession No. Y15816) (4). DNA amplification was successful, resulting in a product of 94 bp, confirming that P. sparsa was present in the symptomatic blackberry tissue. Sporulating leaf tissue was laid on the underside of surface sterilized blackberry leaves from three plants with a similar genetic background and incubated at 17°C with a 12-h photoperiod in a moist chamber. Sporangiophores and sporangia developed on the underside of lesions on previously uninfected leaves 16 days after inoculation. As a control, leaves from the same three plants were surface sterilized and placed in a moist chamber and incubated at 17°C with a 12-h photoperiod and examined 16 days later. No lesions or sporulation developed on the controls. Previously, P. sparsa has been reported on blackberry in California (3) and Mexico (5). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. sparsa causing downy mildew on blackberry in Arkansas. References: (1) M. J. Berkeley. Gardeners' Chronicle 14:307, 1861. (2) M. A. Ellis. Page 15 in: Compendium of Raspberry and Blackberry Diseases and Insects. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, 1989. (3) D. Farr et al. Page 486 in: Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, 1989. (4) A. Hukkanen et al. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 116:225, 2006. (5) A. Rebollar-Alviter et al. Plant Dis. 93:674, 2009.
Distinct temperament and character profiles in first onset vitiligo but not in alopecia areata
Authors: Erfan Gamze , Albayrak Yakup , Yanik M. Emin , Oksuz Ozden , Tasolar Kaan , Topcu Birol , Unsal Cuneyt 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) and vitiligo (V) are diseases that are correlated with psychiatric disorders before, during and after diagnosis. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a well‐established approach for investigating personality traits in various psychosomatic diseases. The aim of this study is to compare and investigate the differences in the TCI between patients with first onset AA, patients with V and healthy controls (HC). Participants in the study included 42 patients with first onset AA, 50 adult patients with V and 60 HC who had no history or diagnoses of psychiatric or dermatological disorders. All participants were assessed with the TCI and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Among the temperament traits, the extravagance, disorderliness and total novelty‐seeking scores were lower, and the worry and pessimism scores were higher in patients with V compared with patients with AA and the HC. The mean score of the enlightened second nature and the total self‐directedness score of the character traits were higher in patients with V compared with patients with AA and the HC group. In the AA group, there was a negative correlation only between the reward dependence total score and the DLQI score. This study suggests that patients with first onset V have a distinct temperament, such as being unenthusiastic and unemotional, and character profiles, such as worry and pessimism, independent of their psychiatric comorbidities, and patients with AA do not have a different personality from the non‐affected population.
Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase‐13 in patients with eosinophilic fasciitis
Authors: Asano Yoshihide , Ihn Hironobu , Jinnin Masatoshi , Tamaki Zenshiro , Tamaki Kunihiko , Sato Shinichi 
Published: August 2014

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinase‐13 (MMP‐13), a member of the collagenase family, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of connective tissue diseases characterized by extracellular matrix remodeling. Since serum MMP‐13 levels reflect disease severity of systemic sclerosis and localized scleroderma, we evaluated the clinical significance of serum MMP‐13 levels in eosinophilic fasciitis (EF). All the EF patients had serum MMP‐13 levels lower than the mean – 2SD of healthy controls. Serum MMP‐13 levels were also significantly decreased in EF patients compared with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis, and generalized morphea patients. Although serum MMP‐13 levels did not reflect any clinical and serological features of EF, these results indicate that MMP‐13 may be involved in the development of this disease.
Prevention of hair graying by factors that promote the growth and differentiation of melanocytes
Authors: Endou Mariko , Aoki Hitomi , Kobayashi Tatsushi , Kunisada Takahiro 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEpidermal melanocyte precursors migrate into developing hair follicles to form the melanocyte stem cell system required to supply pigmented melanocytes necessary for hair pigmentation in repetitive hair cycles. Hair graying is caused by irreversible defects in the self‐renewal and/or development of follicular melanocyte stem cells in the hair follicles. To investigate the mechanism(s) of hair graying during the normal aging process, we established a hair graying model in mice by repeatedly plucking or shaving trunk hairs. We repeatedly plucked or shaved trunk hairs to induce and accelerate the hair graying and counted the gray hairs. By using this functional model of hair graying in mice, we assessed the effects of genes known to affect melanocyte development, such as Kitl, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and endotheline 3 (ET3). After increasing the total numbers of cumulative hair cycles by plucking or shaving, we observed a significant increase in the gray hair of C57BL/6 mice. Kitl expression in the skin was the most effective for preventing hair graying and a significant effect was also confirmed for HGF and ET3 expression. The repeated hair plucking or shaving led to hair graying without any genetic lesion. Kitl is a more effective factor for prevention of hair graying than HGF or ET3. Our simple model of hair graying may provide a basic tool for screening the molecules or reagents preventing the progression of hair graying.
Mating type gene for isolates of Trichophyton mentagrophytes from guinea pigs
Authors: Hiruma Junichiro , Kano Rui , Kimura Utako , Takamori Kenji , Suga Yasushi , Hiruma Masataro , Hasegawa Atsuhiko , Tsuboi Ryoji 
Published: August 2014

AbstractTrichophyton mentagrophytes were isolated from 19 of 20 guinea pigs in a children's corner of a zoo. The nucleotide sequence identity of the internal transcribed spacer region among 19 guinea pig isolates was 99%, including the reference strain of animal type 3 of T. mentagrophytes. The genomic DNA of all isolates were investigated for the mating (MAT) gene by specific polymerase chain reaction. The alpha‐box gene was detected in all 19 isolates, while the high‐mobility‐group (HMG) gene was detected in only one of 19 isolates. Therefore, the guinea pig population harbored at least 2 MAT types of Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii. The T. mentagrophytes that was prevalent in this population may constitute a constant source of infection for persons coming into contact with guinea pigs.
Adherence: A Concept Analysis
Authors: Gardner Carrie Lee 
Published: August 2014

PurposeTo utilize a Wilsonian method of concept analysis to define and describe the concept of adherence.Data SourcesPublished research articles, nursing literature, published books, and national and international advisory reports.Data SynthesisThe concept of adherence was analyzed using the Wilson method. Results, applications, and practice implications in regards to the concept of adherence were then derived from the analysis.ConclusionsAdherence is a complex, multifaceted concept that can greatly impact patient behaviors and nursing practice. Further clarification of adherence is needed to help delineate this concept from other related terms.ImplicationsHealthcare providers should have an understanding of the concept of adherence in the context of patient care in order to guide patient self‐care behaviors.
Identification of serum sirtuins as novel noninvasive protein markers for frailty
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Mohan Navinath , Upadhyay Ashish Datt , Singh Amrendra Pratap , Sahu Vishal , Dwivedi Sadanand , Dey Aparajit B. , Dey Sharmistha 
Published: August 2014

SummaryFrailty has emerged as a major health issue among older patients. A consensus on definition and diagnosis is yet to be achieved. Various biochemical abnormalities have been reported in frailty. Activation of sirtuins, a conserved family of NAD‐dependent proteins, is one of the many mimics of calorie restriction which improves lifespan and health in experimental animals. In this cross‐sectional study, we assessed the circulating sirtuin levels in 119 (59.5%) nonfrail and 81 (40.5%) frail individuals, diagnosed by Fried's criteria. Serum SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3 were estimated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and Western blot. Serum sirtuins level in mean+SD; SIRT1 (nonfrail –4.67 ± 0.48 ng/μL; frail – 3.72 ± 0.48 ng/μL; P < 0.0001), SIRT2 (nonfrail – 15.18 ± 2.94 ng/μL; frail – 14.19 ± 2.66 ng/μL; P = 0.016), and SIRT3 (nonfrail‐7.72 ± 1.84 ng/μL; frail – 6.12 ± 0.97 ng/μL; P < 0.0001) levels were significantly lower among frail patients compared with the nonfrail. In multivariable regression analysis, lower sirtuins level were significantly associated with frailty after adjusting age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cognitive status (Mini Mental State Examination scores) and number of comorbidities. For detecting the optimum diagnostic cutoff value a ROC analysis was carried out. The area under curve for SIRT1 was 0.9037 (cutoff – 4.29 ng/μL; sensitivity – 81.48%; specificity – 79.83%) and SIRT3 was 0.7988 (cutoff – 6.61 ng/μL; sensitivity – 70.37%; specificity – 70.59%). This study shows that lower circulating SIRT1 and SIRT3 levels can be distinctive marker of frailty.