bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health surveillance in Thai workers with hazardous environmental exposure
Authors: Karnjanakantorn W 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundHazardous environment is found in some provinces of Thailand such as at the 100-year-old historic tin mining of Ron Phibun, southern part of Thailand, where the first skin cancer case was reported in 1987. Since then there have been many implementations from the government, which includes the health surveillance.ObjectivesTo survey the general health and toxic substance exposure of workers in high risk area.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted during 2011–2012 among workers. Data was collected through periodic examination, blood and urine tests for inorganic arsenic substance. A total of 54 people participated in the study (47 males, seven females).ResultsThe report of overweight was 51.85%. The second problem was hypertension (24%). There were 11 of 13(84.6%) employees who were diagnosed with hypertension and overweight. The screening chest x-ray was done and there were 11.1% with abnormal results for example, fibrosis, lung infiltration in upper lobes, nodular-like density. There were 11.1% who had high level of Arsenic and all of them did not have any knowledge about route of exposure and use PPE less than 50% of work hours.SignificanceEducation for prevention of health hazards must be provided urgently for the workers who work with toxic substances in Thailand. The periodic examination is important to compare with environmental data after the walkthrough survey. The long term study is necessary for the toxic substance induced cancer.
Comparison of highway crash reporting in Pakistan with the World Health Organisation injury surveillance guideline
Authors: Khoso AK , Ekman DS , Bhatti JA 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesTo compare the crash reporting system of National Highways & Motorways Police (NH&MP), Pakistan with the WHO injury surveillance guidelines.MethodsBased on information collected from field observations, key informant interviews, and review of official documents, this note firstly describes reporting system according to the components of a surveillance system. Then the reporting is compared with WHO criteria for designing and building an injury surveillance system and attributes of such system.ResultsAfter a crash, patrol officer communicates the information to the higher police authorities by wireless, fax, and on paper in the first 24 h. Microcomputer Accident Analysis Package (MAAP) Performa filed by the officers are collected at a central location in the following 4 days, and reports are published biannually. Notable deficiencies in the reporting were: non identification of stakeholders for data utilisation and limited prospects of data recording process modification and it's monitoring. Moreover, crash and injury definitions do not conform to international standards practiced elsewhere.ConclusionsNH&MP crash reporting needs to be simplified and standardised, and steps should be taken to improve its utilisation for prevention purposes.
Designing injury surveillance system for National Highways & Motorway police of Pakistan
Authors: Khan Ajmal 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesTo design a comprehensive road traffic injury surveillance system for National Highways & Motorway Police of Pakistan on the basis of WHO Injury Surveillance Guidelines and keeping in view several Police Accident Databases.MethodsThe Injury Surveillance System for National Highways & Motorway Police of Pakistan has been designed keeping in view the Injury Surveillance Guidelines published by World Health Organisation and several Police Accident Databases being used in different countries. Important variables have been included in the Injury Surveillance System as per WHO Injury Surveillance Guidelines and other Police Accident Databases.ResultThe newly devised injury surveillance system for National Highways & Motorways Police of Pakistan has been designed based upon important variables such as use of alcohol or psychoactive substance have been adopted from WHO Injury Surveillance Guidelines and several Police Road Accident Databases which are helpful in carrying out comprehensive analysis of road traffic accidents and associated injury.ConclusionsA new injury surveillance system has been designed which will be helpful in estimating true magnitude of road traffic accidents and associated injury, and analysing causes of road traffic accidents to devise effective preventive measures. It will also be helpful in establishing an effective coordination between National Highways & Motorways Police of Pakistan and other important stakeholders so that effective Road Traffic Injury Prevention policies can be devised to tackle the problem.
Study on occupational injuries visited and admitted to two hospitals during 2006–2010
Authors: Luong MA , Khieu TQT , Tran TNL 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundAnnually, there are approximately 350 000 deaths and another 270 million disabilities related occupational injury around the world. In Viet Nam, the mortality ratio of occupational injury (OI) was 34.1/1000 population.Objective and MethodTo describe the situation of OI visited and admitted to two hositals during 2006–2010 and to recommend some interventions to control deaths, disabilities and sequel related occupational injuries using descriptive cross sectional method.ResultsOI occurred in male with 63.1%. The average age of patients was 33.06. Age group 20–30 were greatlty experienced to OI with 41.52%. Workers were major workforce involved with OI with 53.37%. Most of the patients had occupational age under 3 years (36.8%). Injured limbs in the upper area were predominant with 65.42%. Major injuries were fracture and dislocation of joint, skin and flesh wound with 65.83%, 53.19%, respectively. The percentage of burn was 33.15%. Only 4.46% of patients was handled by the medical staff. The 04 leading tools related injuries were machine, falling objects, manual objects and electricity with 47.58%, 15.86%, 4.83% and 3.32%, respectively. Disadvantagages of working environment were noise, vibration with 55.24% and 55.07%, respectively.SignificanceRecommendations include improving working condition to reduce hazards, enhancing first aid capacity for injuries at workplace and community, setting compensation fund for injured employees and implementing sentinnel surveillance system on OI in some key industrial zones.
Injury situation in Vietnam in 2005–2010 and preventive strategies in 2011–2015
Authors: Luong MA , Khieu TQT , LTran TN , Nguyen TTH , Pham LT 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundVietnam has the national policy 2002–2010 and many interventions and prevention activities have been deployed but injuries number is still high.ObjectivesTo evaluate the injury situation and describe the injury preventive strategies (IPSs) in 2012–2015 in Vietnam.MethodsAll causes specific mortality in communes and injury cases in health facilities in 2005–2010 were collected; IPSs in 2012–2015 were reviewed.ResultsThe results showed that in 2010 the injury morbility rate was 1510/100 000, increase 9.8% more than in 2005. Male morbility was higher than female. Injury mortality rate was 10–12% of the total deaths every year. During 2005–2010, the average rate of mortality injury was 44.3/100 000 populations. The trend of injury mortality rate was decreased from 46.55 to 42.69 per 100 000 populations. Three leading causes of death were road traffic (19.56/100 000), drowning (7.93/100 000) and suicide (4.81/100 000). In 2011–2015, injury preventive strategies are consolidating steering committee, increasing budget; strengthening IEC activities; improving surveillance system; enhancing the trauma care capacity; developing at least 200 Vietnamese safe communities; decreasing injury mortality by 40/100 000 in 2015.SignificanceThe study described a great number of complicated injury situation in Vietnam. To deal with this problem, a total and comprehensive implementing national injury prevention plan should have been continued in Vietnam.
Joint Action on Monitoring Injuries in Europe (JAMIE): development of a new Minimum Data Set (MDS)
Authors: Lyons RA , Kisser R , Bloemhoff A , Laursen B , Ellsaesser G , Macey S , Krebs I , Benyi M , Rogmans W 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundTransnational injury surveillance requires the adoption of standardised systems providing nationally representative samples of cases. The EU Injury Data Base (IDB) operates in 13 EU countries but at varying level. Hence, there is no comprehensive system across Europe to provide a basis for benchmarking or designing and evaluating prevention policies at EU level.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo develop a common hospital-based emergency department injury surveillance methodology that is both sufficiently detailed to provide the most relevant information for prevention and simple enough to be implementable at low cost in all European Member States.MethodsFollowing a literature review, a consultative and iterative process was undertaken involving injury surveillance experts from the JAMIE management team and IDB National Database Administrators (NDAs) from each country with the aim of producing an agreed Minimum Data Set (MDS).Results/OutcomesThe agreed MDS contains information on major components of aetiology: intent, location (setting) of incidence, activity when injured, mechanism of injury, type of injury, and injured body part. Data set length is 32 compared to 85 for the standard IDB. Feedback suggests widespread willingness to implement the MDS either as a new data collection or to be abstracted from existing systems. Within JAMIE 13 more EU countries have expressed their willingness to implement the common system and 26 countries are expected to participate by 2014.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThe proposed JAMIE MDS provides an opportunity to implement a common low cost injury surveillance system for Europe to support policy development and injury prevention.
A population-based study of direct health care costs for treatment of Paediatric concussions
Authors: MacPherson A , Corallo A , Guttmann A 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundPaediatric concussions are an important reason for children to seek care from their physician or in the Emergency Department. Although there are strategies that can help prevent concussions, including environmental changes such as improved playground surfacing, and behavioural changes, such as increased use of bicycle helmets, there is a paucity of information related to the direct costs of concussions. The objective of this study was to provide estimates of the direct costs of paediatric concussions.MethodsUsing linked administrative health data, children were identified with an index healthcare visit between 2008 and 2010 for a concussion using The National Ambulatory Care Reporting System for children attending an Emergency Department, and the Ontario Health Insurance Programme, for those in a physician's office. Total healthcare costs were calculated subsequent to the index visit, and included physician follow up visits, hospital admissions, and diagnostic imaging. Costs were standardised to 2010 dollars, and did not include any out-of-pocket costs to the family.ResultsThere were 19 799 children with index visits for concussions in Ontario during the two study years. The average cost per patient for an index ED visit was $219.64 and $46.13 for an office visit, amounting to a total estimated cost of $2 944 956.46. The total cost of follow up ED visits was $129 819.36, and $246 437.63 for follow-up office visits. The total cost of hospitalisation was $106 037.54, while the cost of imaging was $129 741.24.ConclusionsConcussions represent a significant financial burden on the health care system. Strategies to prevent concussions can include reference to the substantial cost of treating these children within the health care system. Ongoing research can include indirect costs, as well as other costs incurred by families that have not been included in this analysis.
Capture-recapture method: traffic accident estimation along the circumferential road 5, national capital region, Philippines
Authors: Martinez R , Go J , Timbang T 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundRoad traffic accidents are one of the world's largest contributors to injury problems, loss of lives, and damage to property. In the Philippines, accidents consistently remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality.ObjectivesThe study is aimed to obtain a picture of road traffic accidents by using capture-recaptured method and to calculate an ascertainment corrected number of fatal and non-fatal injury that happened along C-5 Road, National Capital Region from January to December 2008.MethodsA Cross-sectional Study was done. A two-sample capture-recapture method was used to estimate traffic accidents. The first capture was all deaths and injuries due to road accidents reported by the Metro Manila Development Authority through their MMARAS Registry. The recapture will be all medico-legal and emergency records from the public hospitals.ResultsFor non-fatal road accidents, aggregate data showed 820 cases yielding 7.3/100 000 populations. When captured-recapture technique was used, a total of 2068 cases were recounted, representing 18.4/100 000 populations. For fatal injuries, aggregate data resulted to 15 new cases. Using capture-recapture method, 20 deaths were recounted, yielding 0.18/100 000 population. Case Fatality Rate is 0.97%.Conclusion/SignificanceIt was recommended to harmonise the sources of road accident data and to strengthen the Philippine National Injury Surveillance System. The study was presented to the Philippine Department of Health and contributed to build the Philippine Network on Injury Data Management System.
Two year active surveillance of injuries in an industrially developing commune in Vietnam
Authors: Diep Nguyen Bich , Hai Nguyen Khac 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundInjuries are a leading cause of death and disability in rapidly developing countries such as Vietnam.ObjectivesOur objective was to apply an active injury surveillance system describing the burden of injuries in an industrially developing commune in 2 years (2008 and 2009).MethodsInjury data were collected from different sources including a District Hospital, a Commune Health Station and the first aid boxes located in 40 enterprises.Each injury was interviewed by health staff describing the circumstances of each injury including causes, occurring time, injured body parts, lost workday, injury severity and treatment expenses, etc.ResultsThe total number of injuries recorded in 2 years were 1661 cases, in which male got more injuries than female (57,2% vs 42,8%). Almost people (accounting 72%) getting injuries were in working age (20–65-years-old). 47,8% people getting injuries were working in mechanical enterprises. 26% were involved in agricultural work. Majority of injuries were open wound (42.9%), crushing injuries (19,5%) bone fracture and crash (3.5%); burn (4.6%). The main causes of injuries ere struck by/against/caught (41.5%), falls (28.3%), hot objects (4.6%). 46.5% of people getting injuries left work. 77.2% left work for 1–6 days. The total cost for all injuries were 411 693 thousand Vietnamese dong (equivalent to more than 21 thousand US dollar)Contribution to the FieldApplying an active injury surveillance system captured more cases of injuries and described more detail burden of injuries. It is a basis to offer various potential intervention at commune level to prevent actively injuries.
The cost of managing injuries of bomb blast seen at hospitals in eight Nigerian states
Authors: Onazi O , Swomen H , John I , Valenti M , Oga E 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundRecent spates of bomb blasts unleashed by terrorists in eight Nigerian States warranted research into the health cost of managing one such bomb blast victim.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study in one hospital in each of eight states (Borno, Plateau, Bauchi, Yobe, Gombe, Niger, Kaduna and Kano) during 2010–2012 using a cluster sampling method, selecting 50 victims of bomb blast per state. We obtained data from hospital intake billing registers.ResultsThe following costs reflect the range of in-patient hospital costs only. They do not include follow up treatment, rehabilitation, or mental health counselling. Hospital stays ranged from 4–8 weeks per person.1. Borno State: 700USD–2000USD2. Plateau State: 750USD–3500USD3. Bauchi State: 720USD–3000USD4. Yobe State: 700USD–3150USD5. Gombe State: 730USD–3350USD6. Niger State: 710USD–3450USD7. Kaduna State: 800USD–3750USD8. Kano State: 850USD–4000USDConclusion and SignificanceThe relevance of this pilot study in identifying the cost of managing injuries of one bomb blast victim exposes an enormous diversion of scare healthcare resources from the care of between 10–57 people based on current Nigerian health expenditures per capita. There is an urgent need to prevent violence from these terrorists.
Contributing to the formation and harmonisation of injury data collection in the Philippines
Authors: Perez M , Consunji R , Rolloque A , Alcantara M 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundData on injury has been sporadically collected by different agencies in the Philippines. No policy assigned any particular office or agency to harmonise data from different government and non-government organisations. There were problems on data duplication, increased cost of maintaining the systems and difficulty of sharing.Aims/Objectives/PurposeNeed for baseline data to drive its programmes brought Safe Kids Philippines (SKP) to closely work with the different agencies who could supply reliable data.MethodsSKP aligned itself with the Department of Health (DOH) as part of the Technical Working and Steering Committees for injury data collection and contributed to the formation and development of the Online Electronic Injury Surveillance System. SKP helped to bridge access among DOH, Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), and the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) exposing these agencies to existing but overlapping complementary data systems. Issues of ownership, proprietorship and being the principal agency for road crash data slowly eroded as a collegial setting and better communication among the agencies lead to better interaction.ResultsToday, the data bases of DOH and DPWH form the base of the Philippine Network on Injury Data Management System (PNIDMS) initiative. MMDA data is currently being integrated. SKP will contribute data analysis to PNIDMS. Other agencies are lined up for inclusion into the PNIDMS.SignificanceSynchronised data collection efforts were formalised through a Memorandum of Agreement among DOH, WHO, Department of Transportation and Communications, UNICEF, MMDA, Land Transportation Office, DPWH with the Philippine National Police, and SKP.
Using epidemiologic evidence to develop public policies on community safety and citizenship, Medellin, Colombia
Authors: Restrepo A , Duque LF 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundMedellin metropolitan area is the second conurbation in Colombia (3,5 million inhabitants, 10 municipalities). University of Antioquia PREVIVA Programme was the advisor during a 3 years process to design and adopt a common public policy for violence prevention for the 10 municipalities.Aims/Objectives/PurposeTo contribute to the design and evaluation of public policies of violence prevention based on scientific evidence, to achieve a reduction in violence.MethodsThis process included violence victimisation magnitude and distribution assessment, several types of aggression risk and protective factors (OR and Attributable population risk), analysis and discussion of evidence by international, national and local skate holders (academic, government, civil society) and community leaders, how to reach agreement on four public policy areas and on 13 specific programmes to implement the public policies, and formal approval by 10 mayors and city councils.Results/OutcomesThis process followed a model proposed by Richmond that has four components: (1) an epidemiological surveillance system, (2) Empowerment of community leaders and municipal authorities relationship through municipal committees on violence prevention (created by decree by 10 mayors) to analyse scientific evidence and to discuss public policies and priorities, and approve them for the locality, (3) participate in the process to propose and approve public policy, (4) design, implementation and evaluation of programmes on violence prevention and promotion of resilience.Significance/Contribution to the FieldThis methodology was applied in 10 other municipalities in Antioquia, Colombia. This methodology can contribute in the public policies monitoring and evaluation.
Tendency of assaulted casualties during Songkran festival
Authors: Nitaya R , Ratchanee S , Siriluk K 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundThe Songkran Festival is celebrated in Thailand as the traditional New Year's Day from 13 to 15 April. In recent years during songkran festival there have been higher numbers of injured patients.ObjectiveThe study was conducted based on the tendency of assaulted casualties treated at Maharat Nakhon Ratchasima Hospital during Songkran Festival in 2009–2011 (11–17 April of each year).MethodsThe data were collected in the form of Injury Surveillance Record.The Injury Codes were in ICD-10 and the Injury Severity Scores (ISS) were provided according to Modified AIS 85. The databases used were Thailand's Injury Surveillance Programme and Microsoft Excel.ResultsThe results are the following figures. The averages of casualties during Songkran Festival in 2009–2011 are respectively 22, 17 and 20 people per day, which are three times higher than normal average of eight people per day. The percentages of casualties whose ISS is more than 16 are 6.5, 8.5 and 7.7 respectively (The year averages of 2009–2011 are 5.6, 4.9 and 3.9 consecutively). Hospital admission and fatality rates are slightly higher. 82% of casualties are male. The most-found injury cause is blunt objects assault (Y00) occupying 35% of all injuries, followed by 29% of sharp objects assault and 28% of physical assault. Most of the casualties (67%) drink alcohol as well as the 70% of fatalities.ConclusionsAt present, it is believed that the tendency of assaulted casualties which are likely to be increased in number and severity is unpreventable and unsolvable as it depends on emotional conditions and aggressiveness of each casualty. If the problem is not solved, the numbers and degrees of severity will be higher. Thus, we should adopt effective measures in order to reduce the figures, and let people celebrate the festival safely.