bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Care, compassion and courage: the museum of mental health nursing – an ethnographic archaeology
Authors: Holyoake D.‐D. 
Published: February 2013

Accessible summary
The traditional view of mental health nursing history as a true representation is dependent on the means and nature by which it is displayed as well as the archaeology used to unearth it. Thinking about history as neither singular nor neutral offers an alternative appreciation.
This article uses ethnographic research and a metaphoric framework of the museum to re‐think how mental health nursing history is itself a cultural product which is consumed and dependent on the narratives used to display, promote and validate practices.
This article explores the idea that it is the space between and prominence of exhibits on displayed in a museum that informs the viewer of their perceived value. Thus, objective historical truth is a thing of the past, perception and persuasion. All that is left is care, compassion and courage.
AbstractLike a museum with carefully positioned exhibits mental health nursing would look different if the display of fashionable dead things in its cultural lineage were viewed through a different lens. This paper has the aim of using transcribed interview data from mental health nurses to explore how their perception of nursing culture represents a particular historical identity (pseudo names given to ensure confidentiality). The paper discusses five themes about the formation of collective identity and concludes that mental health nurses are theoretically well positioned to develop and rethink social recovery models, ideas about fragmented selves and multiple histories that the postmodern age now curates.
The Candida glabrata sterol scavenging mechanism, mediated by the ATP‐binding cassette transporter Aus1p, is regulated by iron limitation
Authors: Nagi Minoru , Tanabe Koichi , Ueno Keigo , Nakayama Hironobu , Aoyama Toshihiro , Chibana Hiroji , Yamagoe Satoshi , Umeyama Takashi , Oura Takahiro , Ohno Hideaki , Kajiwara Susumu , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu 
Published: February 2013

SummaryDuring disseminated infection by the opportunistic pathogen Candida glabrata, uptake of sterols such as serum cholesterol may play a significant role during pathogenesis. The ATP‐binding cassette transporter Aus1p is thought to function as a sterol importer and in this study, we show that uptake of exogenous sterols occurred under anaerobic conditions in wild‐type cells of C. glabrata but not in AUS1‐deleted mutant (aus1Δ) cells. In aerobic cultures, growth inhibition by fluconazole was prevented in the presence of serum, and AUS1 expression was upregulated. Uptake of sterol by azole treated cells required the presence of serum, and sterol alone did not reverse FLC inhibition of growth. However, if iron availability in the growth medium was limited by addition of the iron chelators ferrozine or apo‐transferrin, growth of wild‐type cells, but not aus1Δ cells, was rescued. In a mouse model of disseminated infection, the C. glabrata aus1Δ strain caused a significantly decreased kidney fungal burden than the wild‐type strain or a strain in which AUS1 was restored. We conclude that sterol uptake in C. glabrata can occur in iron poor environment of host tissues and thus may contribute to C. glabrata pathogenesis.
Retrospective attention enhances visual working memory in the young but not the old: An ERP study
Authors: Duarte Audrey , Hearons Patricia , Jiang Yashu , Delvin Mary Courtney , Newsome Rachel N. , Verhaeghen Paul 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBehavioral evidence from the young suggests spatial cues that orient attention toward task‐relevant items in visual working memory (VWM) enhance memory capacity. Whether older adults can also use retrospective cues (“retro‐cues”) to enhance VWM capacity is unknown. In the current event‐related potential (ERP) study, young and old adults performed a VWM task in which spatially informative retro‐cues were presented during maintenance. Young but not older adults' VWM capacity benefited from retro‐cueing. The contralateral delay activity (CDA) ERP index of VWM maintenance was attenuated after the retro‐cue, which effectively reduced the impact of memory load. CDA amplitudes were reduced prior to retro‐cue onset in the old only. Despite a preserved ability to delete items from VWM, older adults may be less able to use retrospective attention to enhance memory capacity when expectancy of impending spatial cues disrupts effective VWM maintenance.
Comparison of human immunodeficiency virus assays in window phase and elite controller samples: viral load distribution and implications for transmission risk
Authors: Vermeulen Marion , Coleman Charl , Mitchel Josephine , Reddy Ravi , van Drimmelen Harry , Fickett Tracy , Busch Michael , Lelie Nico 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundAfter 3 years of individual‐donation nucleic acid test (ID‐NAT) screening by the South African National Blood Service (SANBS), a repository of 73 human immunodeficiency virus antibody (anti‐HIV)‐negative window period (WP)‐yield samples and 28 anti‐HIV–positive, HIV‐RNA–negative elite controllers (ECs) became available for comparison of a p24 antigen (p24 Ag) assay (Innogenetics), two viral load assays (Siemens branch DNA [bDNA] 3.0 and Abbott real‐time polymerase chain reaction [RT‐PCR]), and three triplex NAT assays (Novartis Diagnostics Ultrio and Ultrio‐Plus and Roche TaqScreen) by replicate testing of dilutions.Study Design and MethodsViral loads were assessed by bDNA and RT‐PCR assays and if below 100 copies (cps)/mL, by Ultrio limiting dilution probit analysis. The probability of virus transmission by WP and EC donations was estimated for different levels of the 50% minimum infectious dose (ID50) using Poisson distribution statistics.ResultsThe equal distribution of WP donations plotted by log HIV‐RNA levels indicated a random appearance of donors in the ramp‐up phase. The HIV p24 Ag assay detected 45% of WP samples and the cutoff crossing point was estimated at 8140 (bDNA)/22,710 (RT‐PCR) cps/mL. On replicate retesting of 40 HIV p24 Ag–negative ID‐NAT WP‐yield samples Ultrio minipool (MP)8, Ultrio‐Plus MP8, and TaqScreen MP6 detected 79, 81, and 78%, respectively. Modeling with an estimated ID50 of 31.6 virions/RBC indicated that 15% of p24 Ag–negative ID‐NAT WP‐yield donations would have transmitted HIV if MP6‐8 NAT had been used. Only 2% of RBC transfusions from ECs are estimated to be infectious with a worst‐case ID50 estimate of 316 virions.ConclusionOur analysis of viremia and infectivity of WP and EC donations enables comparison of the efficacy of NAT options in preventing HIV transmission risk.
The Hodge ring of Kähler manifolds
Authors: Kotschick D. , Schreieder S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe determine the structure of the Hodge ring, a natural object encoding the Hodge numbers of all compact Kähler manifolds. As a consequence of this structure, there are no unexpected relations among the Hodge numbers, and no essential differences between the Hodge numbers of smooth complex projective varieties and those of arbitrary Kähler manifolds. The consideration of certain natural ideals in the Hodge ring allows us to determine exactly which linear combinations of Hodge numbers are birationally invariant, and which are topological invariants. Combining the Hodge and unitary bordism rings, we are also able to treat linear combinations of Hodge and Chern numbers. In particular, this leads to a complete solution of a classical problem of Hirzebruch’s.
Motivic Donaldson–Thomas invariants and the Kac conjecture
Authors: Mozgovoy Sergey 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe derive some combinatorial consequences from the positivity of Donaldson–Thomas invariants for symmetric quivers conjectured by Kontsevich and Soibelman and proved recently by Efimov. These results are used to prove the Kac conjecture for quivers having at least one loop at every vertex.
Linkage between Anaplasma marginale Outer Membrane Proteins Enhances Immunogenicity but Is Not Required for Protection from Challenge
Authors: Noh Susan M. , Turse Joshua E. , Brown Wendy C. , Norimine Junzo , Palmer Guy H. 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThe prevention of bacterial infections via immunization presents particular challenges. While outer membrane extracts are often protective, they are difficult and expensive to isolate and standardize and thus are often impractical for development and implementation in vaccination programs. In contrast, individual proteins, which are easily adapted for use in subunit vaccines, tend to be poorly protective. Consequently, identification of the specific characteristics of outer membrane-based immunogens, in terms of the antigen contents and contexts that are required for protective immunity, represents a major gap in the knowledge needed for bacterial vaccine development. Using as a modelAnaplasma marginale, a persistent tick-borne bacterial pathogen of cattle, we tested two sets of immunogens to determine whether membrane context affected immunogenicity and the capacity to induce protection. The first immunogen was composed of a complex of outer membrane proteins linked by covalent bonds and known to be protective. The second immunogen was derived directly from the first one, but the proteins were individualized rather than linked. The antibody response induced by the linked immunogen was much greater than that induced by the unlinked immunogen. However, both immunogens induced protective immunity and an anamnestic response. These findings suggest that individual proteins or combinations of proteins can be successfully tested for the ability to induce protective immunity with less regard for overall membrane context. Once protective antigens are identified, immunogenicity could be enhanced by cross-linking to allow a reduced immunogen dose or fewer booster vaccinations.
Comparative Evaluation of Conventional and Real-Time PCR Assays for Detecting Bacteroides fragilis in Clinical Samples
Authors: Papaparaskevas Joseph , Mela Victoria , Houhoula Dimitra P. , Pantazatou Angeliki , Petrikkos Georgios L. , Tsakris Athanassios 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

A conventional PCR and a real-time PCR for detecting
Bacteroides fragilis
were evaluated against clinical specimens. Analytical sensitivities were 100 and 40 fg of DNA, respectively. Detection limits were 100 and 10 CFU/ml, respectively. A total of six culture-negative specimens were positive by PCR. Altering the gold standard from “positive culture” to “positive culture or both PCR assays positive” resulted in sensitivities of 91.7% and 100%, respectively, and in specificities of 100% and 98.6%, respectively.
Baseline Epidemiology and Genetic Structure of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 6D in Southern Israel Prior to Introduction of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines
Authors: Porat Nurith , Benisty Rachel , Trefler Ronit , Ozalvo Doreen , Givon-Lavi Noga , Dagan Ron 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

We characterized
Streptococcus pneumoniae
serotype 6D from among previously identified
S. pneumoniae
serotype 6B strains from Jewish and Bedouin children in southern Israel during a decade before vaccination.
S. pneumoniae
serotype 6D isolates constituted 6.7% of the presumed
S. pneumoniae
serotype 6B isolates.
S. pneumoniae
serotype 6D strains belonged to 20 sequence types that were differentially distributed between the two ethnic groups.
Brain stimulation modulates the autonomic nervous system, rating of perceived exertion and performance during maximal exercise
Authors: Okano Alexandre Hideki , Fontes Eduardo Bodnariuc , Montenegro Rafael Ayres , Farinatti Paulo de Tarso Veras , Cyrino Edilson Serpeloni , Li Li Min , Bikson Marom , Noakes Timothy David 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundThe temporal and insular cortex (TC, IC) have been associated with autonomic nervous system (ANS) control and the awareness of emotional feelings from the body. Evidence shows that the ANS and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) regulate exercise performance. Non-invasive brain stimulation can modulate the cortical area directly beneath the electrode related to ANS and RPE, but it could also affect subcortical areas by connection within the cortico-cortical neural networks. This study evaluated the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the TC on the ANS, RPE and performance during a maximal dynamic exercise.MethodsTen trained cyclists participated in this study (33±9 years; 171.5±5.8 cm; 72.8±9.5 kg; 10–11 training years). After 20-min of receiving either anodal tDCS applied over the left TC (T3) or sham stimulation, subjects completed a maximal incremental cycling exercise test. RPE, heart rate (HR) and R–R intervals (as a measure of ANS function) were recorded continuously throughout the tests. Peak power output (PPO) was recorded at the end of the tests.ResultsWith anodal tDCS, PPO improved by ∼4% (anodal tDCS: 313.2±29.9 vs 301.0±19.8 watts: sham tDCS; p=0.043), parasympathetic vagal withdrawal was delayed (anodal tDCS: 147.5±53.3 vs 125.0±35.4 watts: sham tDCS; p=0.041) and HR was reduced at submaximal workloads. RPE also increased more slowly during exercise following anodal tDCS application, but maximal RPE and HR values were not affected by cortical stimulation.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that non-invasive brain stimulation over the TC modulates the ANS activity and the sensory perception of effort and exercise performance, indicating that the brain plays a crucial role in the exercise performance regulation.
Big hits on the small screen: an evaluation of concussion-related videos on YouTube
Authors: Williams David , Sullivan S John , Schneiders Anthony G , Ahmed Osman Hassan , Lee Hopin , Balasundaram Arun Prasad , McCrory Paul R 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundYouTube is one of the largest social networking websites, allowing users to upload and view video content that provides entertainment and conveys many messages, including those related to health conditions, such as concussion. However, little is known about the content of videos relating to concussion.ObjectiveTo identify and classify the content of concussion-related videos available on YouTube.Study designAn observational study using content analysis.MethodsYouTube's video database was systematically searched using 10 search terms selected from MeSH and Google Adwords. The 100 videos with the largest view counts were chosen from the identified videos. These videos and their accompanying text were analysed for purpose, source and description of content by a panel of assessors who classified them into data-driven thematic categories.Results434 videos met the inclusion criteria and the 100 videos with the largest view counts were chosen. The most common categories of the videos were the depiction of a sporting injury (37%) and news reports (25%). News and media organisations were the predominant source (51%) of concussion-related videos on YouTube, with very few being uploaded by professional or academic organisations. The median number of views per video was 26 191.ConclusionsAlthough a wide range of concussion-related videos were identified, there is a need for healthcare and educational organisations to explore YouTube as a medium for the dissemination of quality-controlled information on sports concussion.
The incidence of rugby-related catastrophic injuries (including cardiac events) in South Africa from 2008 to 2011: a cohort study
Authors: Brown James Craig , Lambert Mike I , Verhagen Evert , Readhead Clint , van Mechelen Willem , Viljoen Wayne 
Published: February 2013

ObjectivesTo establish an accurate and comprehensive injury incidence registry of all rugby union-related catastrophic events in South Africa between 2008 and 2011. An additional aim was to investigate correlates associated with these injuries.DesignProspective.SettingThe South African amateur and professional rugby-playing population.ParticipantsAn estimated 529 483 Junior and 121 663 Senior rugby union (‘rugby’) players (population at risk).Outcome measuresAnnual average incidences of rugby-related catastrophic injuries by type (cardiac events, traumatic brain and acute spinal cord injuries (ASCIs)) and outcome (full recoveries—fatalities). Playing level (junior and senior levels), position and event (phase of play) were also assessed.ResultsThe average annual incidence of ASCIs and Traumatic Brain Injuries combined was 2.00 per 100 000 players (95% CI 0.91 to 3.08) from 2008 to 2011. The incidence of ASCIs with permanent outcomes was significantly higher at the Senior level (4.52 per 100 000 players, 95% CI 0.74 to 8.30) than the Junior level (0.24 per 100 000 players, 95% CI 0 to 0.65) during this period. The hooker position was associated with 46% (n=12 of 26) of allpermanentASCI outcomes, the majority of which (83%) occurred during the scrum phase of play.ConclusionsThe incidence of rugby-related catastrophic injuries in South Africa between 2008 and 2011 is comparable to that of other countries and to most other collision sports. The higher incidence rate of permanent ASCIs at the Senior level could be related to the different law variations or characteristics (eg, less regular training) compared with the Junior level. The hooker and scrum were associated with high proportions of permanent ASCIs. TheBokSmartinjury prevention programme should focus efforts on these areas (Senior level, hooker and scrum) and use this study as a reference point for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the programme.
Permian deposits and the Permian–Triassic boundary in Croatia: palaeoclimatic implications based on palaeontological and geochemical data
Authors: Fio Karmen , Sremac Jasenka , Vlahović Igor , Velić Ivo , Spangenberg Jorge E. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The Late Palaeozoic deposits in Croatia were derived from the Palaeotethyan shelf areas along the northern Gondwana passive continental margin and consist of mixed carbonate–clastic facies. These sedimentary rocks accumulated in the equatorial area along northern Gondwana under a dominantly hot climate and laid the foundations for the future Adriatic Carbonate Platform (AdCP).

Detailed classification and geochemical studies of the Permian and Permian–Triassic deposits in most parts of Croatia are still in progress, especially concerning palaeoclimate and regional palaeogeography. The best preserved Permian outcrops can be found in the Velebit mountain area, including continuous Permian–Triassic sections. Stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen from carbonates, with characteristic positive δ
13
C
carb
excursion during the Late Permian and negative δ
13
C
carb
excursion at the Permian–Triassic transition combined with palaeontological and sedimentological data, helped in palaeoclimate estimations and the positioning of the chemostratigraphical Permian–Triassic Boundary (PTB). Sedimentological, palaeontological and geochemical data indicate that deposition in the Permian took place mainly in shallow-water tropical areas under oligotrophic conditions. High carbon isotope ratios in Capitanian carbonate rocks (+4 to +6‰ VPDB) mark the ‘Kamura event’ characterized by temporary cooling, high productivity and burial rate. Evaporites in the central part of the Karst Dinarides and red beds of the ‘Gröden type’ indicate a warm and mostly arid climate. Calculations based on the oxygen isotopic compositions of whole-rock carbonate and fossil samples estimate latest Permian temperatures up to 26 °C.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Activator Inhibitor Type 1 Is a Suppressor of Intestinal Tumorigenesis
Authors: Hoshiko Shinri , Kawaguchi Makiko , Fukushima Tsuyoshi , Haruyama Yukihiro , Yorita Kenji , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Seiki Motoharu , Inatsu Haruhiko , Kitamura Kazuo , Kataoka Hiroaki 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor type 1 (HAI-1/SPINT1) is a membrane-bound serine protease inhibitor expressed on the surface of epithelial cells. Although HAI-1/SPINT1 is abundantly expressed in the intestinal epithelium, its role in intestinal tumorigenesis is not known. In this study, we investigated the role of Hai-1/Spint1 in intestinal tumorigenesis using mouse models. The membranous Hai-1/Spint1 immunoreactivity was decreased in murine ApcMin/+ tumors and also in carcinogen (azoxymethane treatment followed by dextran sodium sulfate administration)-induced colon tumors compared with the adjacent non-neoplastic epithelium. The decreased immunoreactivity appeared to be due to sheddase activity of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloprotease. Then, we examined the effect of intestine-specific deletion of Spint1 gene on ApcMin/+ mice. The loss of Hai-1/Spint1 significantly accelerated tumor formation in ApcMin/+ mice and shortened their survival periods. Activation of HGF was enhanced in Hai-1/Spint1–deficient ApcMin/+ intestine. Gene expression profiling revealed upregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling circuit, claudin-2 expression, and angiogenesis not only in tumor tissue but also in the background mucosa without macroscopic tumors in Hai-1/Spint1–deficient ApcMin/+ intestine. Intestinal deletion of Spint1 also enhanced the susceptibility to carcinogen-induced colon tumorigenicity of wild-type Apc mice. Our findings suggest that HAI-1/SPINT1 has a crucial role in suppressing intestinal tumorigenesis, which implies a novel link between epithelial cell surface serine protease inhibitors and protection from carcinogenic stimuli. Cancer Res; 73(8); 2659–70. ©2013 AACR.
Inherited Variation in miR-290 Expression Suppresses Breast Cancer Progression by Targeting the Metastasis Susceptibility Gene Arid4b
Authors: Goldberger Natalie , Walker Renard C. , Kim Chang Hee , Winter Scott , Hunter Kent W. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
The metastatic cascade is a complex and extremely inefficient process with many potential barriers. Understanding this process is of critical importance because the majority of cancer mortality is associated with metastatic disease. Recently, it has become increasingly clear that microRNAs (miRNA) play important roles in tumorigenesis and metastasis, yet few studies have examined how germline variations may dysregulate miRNAs, in turn affecting metastatic potential. To explore this possibility, the highly metastatic MMTV-PyMT mice were crossed with 25 AKXD (AKR/J × DBA/2J) recombinant inbred strains to produce F1 progeny with varying metastatic indices. When mammary tumors from the F1 progeny were analyzed by miRNA microarray, miR-290 (containing miR-290-3p and miR-290-5p) was identified as a top candidate progression-associated miRNA. The microarray results were validated in vivo when miR-290 upregulation in two independent breast cancer cell lines suppressed both primary tumor and metastatic growth. Computational analysis identified breast cancer progression gene Arid4b as a top target of miR-290-3p, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Surprisingly, pathway analysis identified estrogen receptor (ER) signaling as the top canonical pathway affected by miR-290 upregulation. Further analysis showed that ER levels were elevated in miR-290–expressing tumors and positively correlated with apoptosis. Taken together, our results suggest miR-290 targets Arid4b while simultaneously enhancing ER signaling and increasing apoptosis, thereby suppressing breast cancer progression. This, to the best of our knowledge, is the first example of inherited differences in miRNA expression playing a role in breast cancer progression. Cancer Res; 73(8); 2671–81. ©2013 AACR.