bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central-Third Bone–Patellar Tendon–Bone Allografts Demonstrate Superior Biomechanical Failure Characteristics Compared With Hemi–Patellar Tendon Grafts
Authors: Yanke Adam B. , Bell Rebecca , Lee Andrew S. , Shewman Elizabeth , Wang Vincent M. , Bach Bernard R. 
Published: September 2013

Background: Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is commonly performed with a bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) allograft. However, grafts may result from harvesting the central region of a whole graft (C-BTB), the medial 10 mm of a lateral hemi-BTB (L-BTB) graft, or the lateral 10 mm of a medial hemi-BTB (M-BTB) graft. Purpose: To quantify potential differences in graft biomechanical properties when comparing whole versus hemi-BTB grafts. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Ten pairs of human BTB allografts (irradiated with 1.0-1.2 Mrad) were randomized to preparation as whole grafts or hemigrafts. From these, 10-mm grafts were prepared from the center or the most central portion, respectively. After measurements of tendon thickness, width, and length, specimens underwent cyclic tensile testing, followed by load-to-failure analysis. Biomechanical outcomes included cyclic elongation and creep strain along with the following failure characteristics: maximum load, elongation at maximum load, maximum stress, strain at maximum stress, and linear stiffness. Results: Regionally, the mean thickness of the C-BTB (5.18 ± 0.75 mm), M-BTB (5.08 ± 0.56 mm), and L-BTB (5.32 ± 0.62 mm) grafts were comparable ( P > .72). Similarly, the mean length of the C-BTB (47.4 ± 6.73 mm), M-BTB (47.0 ± 5.45 mm), and L-BTB (50.7 ± 6.42 mm) grafts were alike ( P > .43). While differences in cyclic elongation and strain were not significant, the M-BTB graft tended to elongate more (0.204 ± 0.13 mm; P = .075) and experience greater strain (0.56% ± 0.32%; P = .054) compared with the C-BTB graft (0.09 ± 0.03 mm and 0.23% ± 0.07%, respectively). Load-to-failure testing demonstrated a higher maximum load (2293 ± 531 N) and stiffness (356 ± 46 N/mm) of the C-BTB graft as compared with the M-BTB graft (1575 ± 325 N [ P < .007] and 275 ± 37 N/mm [ P < .008], respectively) and L-BTB graft (1585 ± 452 N [ P < .008] and 277 ± 65 N/mm [ P < .009], respectively). No differences were noted with respect to elongation or stress at maximum load among the grafts. Maximum stress in the C-BTB graft (45.4 ± 11.5 MPa) was greater than in the L-BTB graft (29.7 ± 10.6 MPa) ( P < .03) and tended to be greater than the M-BTB graft (34.1 ± 6.27 MPa) ( P = .087). Conclusion: Biomechanical failure properties (maximum load, stress, and stiffness) of the central portion of a whole BTB graft are superior to those of the medial portion of a lateral hemi-BTB graft and the lateral portion of a medial hemi-BTB graft. However, cyclic loading characteristics did not differ between grafts. Clinical Relevance: Although the true central-third BTB graft is biomechanically superior to hemi-BTB grafts, future studies are necessary to determine if the use of hemigrafts leads to an increased incidence of clinical failure.
Randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention targeting symptoms and physical activity in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Pilutti LA , Dlugonski D , Sandroff BM , Klaren R , Motl RW 
Published: September 2013

Background: Exercise training is beneficial, but most persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) are sedentary and physically inactive. This has prompted a new focus on the promotion of lifestyle physical activity in MS. We previously designed, tested, and refined a behavioral intervention delivered through the Internet that successfully increased lifestyle physical activity in MS, but have not evaluated the effects on secondary symptomatic and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) outcomes. Objective: We conducted a 6-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) that examined the efficacy of an Internet-delivered, behavioral intervention for improving outcomes of fatigue, depression, anxiety, pain, sleep quality, and HRQOL in 82 ambulatory persons with MS. The secondary aim was to replicate previous results regarding change in free-living physical activity. Results: There was a significant and positive effect of the intervention on fatigue severity ( p=.001, ηρ2=.15) and its physical impact ( p=.008, ηρ2=.09), depression ( p=.006, ηρ2=.10), and anxiety ( p=.006, ηρ2=.10). There were non-significant improvements in pain ( p=.08, ηρ2=.04), sleep quality ( p=.06, ηρ2=.05), and physical HRQOL ( p=.06, ηρ2=.05). We replicated our previous results by demonstrating an increase in self-reported physical activity ( p=.001, ηρ2=.13). Conclusions: Our results support behavioral interventions targeting lifestyle physical activity as an alternative approach for managing symptoms in MS.
The welcoming of Levinas in the philosophy of education – at the cost of the Other?
Authors: Nordtug Birgit 
Published: September 2013

This article focuses on the turn towards the philosopher Emmanuel Levinas’s (1906–1995) ethical perspective in educational philosophy, which many theorists promise can promote an educational practice that is more sensitive of the diversity of teaching and learning, and the uniqueness of students and teachers. I call this into question by asking for whom is the Levinasian ethics for the better? In the article I discuss this question in the light of Levinas’s insistence on the deposition of the autonomous and knowing subject, and his embracing of a subject who is always already for the Other and who welcomes the Other before any assessments of the Other and of his own capabilities of being responsible for the Other. The article is divided into two parts. The first part explores what has been welcomed in the welcoming of Levinas through a critical reading of some educational philosophical publications on Levinas’s ethics. I argue that Levinas’s idea of welcoming the Other in many cases has been displaced to a welcoming of Levinas. This shift appears to have created a reception context where Levinas’s uncritical approach to the Other has been transferred to an uncritical approach to Levinas’s ethics. Thus, it seems as if this lack of critical commentators has caused a lack of attention to other subjects and other Others whom Levinas does not see. The second part focuses on possible costs of the welcoming of Levinas for these other subjects and other Others. The discussion adopts a stance inspired by semiotics and French psychoanalysis.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Decreased neuroinflammation and increased brain energy homeostasis following environmental enrichment after mild traumatic brain injury is associated with improvement in cognitive function
Authors: Briones Teresita L , Woods Julie , Rogozinska Magdalena 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Background
Persistent neuroinflammation and disruptions in brain energy metabolism is commonly seen in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Because of the lack of success of most TBI interventions and the documented benefits of environmental enrichment (EE) in enhancing brain plasticity, here we focused our study on use of EE in regulating injury-induced neuroinflammation and disruptions in energy metabolism in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Adult male Wistar rats were used in the study and randomly assigned to receive either: mild TBI (mTBI) using the controlled cortical injury model or sham surgery. Following surgery, rats from each group were further randomized to either: EE housing or standard laboratory housing (CON). After 4 weeks of recovery, cognitive testing was performed using the non-matching-to-sample and delayed non-matching-to-sample tasks. After completion of behavioral testing, levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α and the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were measured. In addition, levels of AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase), phosphorylated AMPK and uMtCK (ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase) were assessed as measures of brain energy homeostasis.

Results
Our results showed that EE: (1) decreased the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α and enhanced levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 after mTBI; (2) mitigated mTBI-induced cognitive impairment; and (3) attenuated mTBI-induced downregulation in pAMPK/AMPK ratio and uMtCK levels.

Conclusions
Our data demonstrated the potential of EE to modulate the persistent: (1) neuroinflammatory response seen following mTBI, and (2) persistent disturbance in brain energy homeostasis. It is possible that through the mechanism of modulating neuroinflammation, EE housing was able to restore the disruption in energy metabolism and enhanced functional recovery after mTBI.
Detection of a perfect conductor with an airborne electromagnetic system: The Gemini Field Test
Authors: Smiarowski Adam , Macnae James 
Published: September 2013

The cores of high-grade nickel and copper sulphides appear as “perfect conductors” to most electromagnetic (EM) and airborne electromagnetic (AEM) systems, because they have bulk electrical conductivities of the order of [Formula: see text]. The EM response of these highly conductive cores is essentially undetectable with off-time measurements or when using nonrigid towed-bird systems. Compact AEM systems with accurate primary field bucking and on-time or in-phase measurements are sensitive to perfect conductors, but are incapable of detecting deep targets. Using a GPS system to define geometry, calculations suggest that it should be easy for an AEM system to detect “perfect conductors” provided the receiver was several hundred meters distant from the transmitter. A twin (Gemini) aircraft test was undertaken to test this concept in 2005. The field test successfully demonstrated detection of very conductive targets. Errors associated with geometric changes were better than 0.5% of the primary field at 400 m separation, allowing detection and characterization of the 30 Hz, in-phase response of small and extended conductors. The test shows that a 200 × 100 m very-strongly conductive thin-sheet target would be detectable to depths of 200 m below surface using off-the-shelf technology. Larger conductors would be detectable at greater depths.
Seismic geomorphology of early North Atlantic sediment waves, offshore northwest Africa
Authors: Dunlap Dallas B. , Wood Lesli J. , Moscardelli Lorena G. 
Published: September 2013

The lower continental rise of Morocco’s Atlantic Margin contains three varying morphologies of buried deepwater sediment waves. The 3D mapping of a [Formula: see text] seismic survey acquired in the Safi Haute Mer seismic block revealed numerous linear features that range from small, less than 17-m-thick Jurassic-age amplitude striations up to 110-m-thick migrating Cretaceous contourite sediment waves. Early proto-Atlantic deposition in Safi Haute Mer initiated in the Triassic, with syn- and postrift accumulation in basement half-grabens basinward of the modern Moroccan salt front. Sedimentation continued through the Mesozoic with deposition of turbidites, progradation of clinoforms, and culminating in multiple Late Cretaceous, regionally expansive, mass-transport deposits ([Formula: see text]). Tertiary stratigraphy consists of multiple thin, pelagic drapes and unconformities. The complex history of sedimentation and tectonics gave rise to three styles of sediment waves found within the study area: (1) type J1 — small and poorly imaged, Jurassic age, locally generated wave forms that have wavelengths of up to 12 km and crest-to-crest separations of less than 1 km with little or no vertical expression; (2) type K1 — early Aptian constructional sediment waves ([Formula: see text] thick) built by contour currents that traveled in and near a contourite moat at the base of a seafloor high produced by shallowly buried mobile salt; and (3) type K2 — latest Albian and earliest post-Albian sediment waves built by along-slope currents on a relatively stable slope, showing evidence of updip migration. The type K2 sediment wavefield exhibits wave heights of 40 m and crest-to-crest separations of 1 km, and it is continuous over the entire study area.
An analysis of cardiomyocytes’ electrophysiology in the presence of the hERG gene mutations
Authors: Glinka Anna , Polak Sebastian 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Mutations in the human ether-à-go-go-related gene are linked with cardiomyocyte repolarization impairment, which, in combination with other factors, can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the effect of selected mutations associated with protein trafficking problems on the action potential of the ventricular cell. To perform the simulations, the O’Hara-Rudy dynamic model was used. The modification of membrane permeability to rapid delayed rectifier current was based on data obtained from in vitro studies with the human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line transfected with human genes: wild type and one of the seven mutations (F805C, G601S, D456Y, I31S, R823W, F640V, and A561V). Simulations were carried out for each mutation on epicardial, endocardial, and M-cells with RR interval values of 500, 750, 1000, and 1500 ms. A positive correlation between the APD90 length and the percentage of current reduction and between APD90 and RR interval lengths was observed.
Conventional and neuro-fuzzy framework for diagnosis and therapy of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Obot Okure U. , Uzoka Faith-Michael , Akinyokun Oluwole C. , Andy Joseph J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
In this article, we present the conventional method and neuro-fuzzy model for the diagnosis and therapy of heart disease. The neuro-fuzzy system provides a basis for creating a decision support system that has a learning ability and the capacity to deal with vagueness and unstructuredness in disease management. The decision support engine carries out the cognitive and emotional filtering of the objective and subjective feelings of the medical practitioner. These filters further refine the diagnosis and therapy processes by taking care of the contextual elements.
The CAP protein superfamily: function in sterol export and fungal virulence
Authors: Schneiter Roger , Di Pietro Antonio 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCAP superfamily proteins, also known as sperm-coating proteins, are found in all kingdoms of life and have been implicated in a variety of physiological contexts, including immune defense in plants and mammals, sperm maturation and fertilization, fungal virulence, and toxicity of insect and reptile venoms as well as prostate and brain cancer. CAP family members are mostly secreted glycoproteins that are highly stable in the extracellular fluid. All members of the superfamily share a common CAP domain of approximately 150 amino acids, which adopts a unique α-β-α sandwich fold. The conserved structure suggests that CAP proteins exert fundamentally similar functions. However, the molecular mode of action of this protein family has remained enigmatic. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has three CAP family members designated Pry (pathogen related in yeast), and recent evidence indicates that they act as sterol-binding and export proteins. Expression of the mammalian CAP protein CRISP2, which binds sterols in vitro, complements the sterol export defect of a yeast pry mutant, suggesting that sterol binding and export is conserved among different CAP family members. Collectively, these observations suggest that CAP family members constitute a novel class of secreted extracellular sterol-binding proteins. A ligand-binding activity of the CAP domain could explain many of the biological activities attributed to these proteins. For example, the strong induction of plant pathogenesis-related 1 protein upon exposure to pathogens may serve to inhibit pathogen proliferation by extracting sterols from the pathogen membrane. Similarly, the presence of these proteins in the venom of toxic insects and reptiles or in the secretome of pathogenic fungi might inflict damage by sequestering sterols or related small hydrophobic compounds from the host tissue.
Lipid antigens in immunity
Authors: Dowds C. Marie , Kornell Sabin-Christin , Blumberg Richard S. , Zeissig Sebastian 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
Lipids are not only a central part of human metabolism but also play diverse and critical roles in the immune system. As such, they can act as ligands of lipid-activated nuclear receptors, control inflammatory signaling through bioactive lipids such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins, and modulate immunity as intracellular phospholipid- or sphingolipid-derived signaling mediators. In addition, lipids can serve as antigens and regulate immunity through the activation of lipid-reactive T cells, which is the topic of this review. We will provide an overview of the mechanisms of lipid antigen presentation, the biology of lipid-reactive T cells, and their contribution to immunity.
Comparison of Carbonate HCl Acidizing Experiments With 3D Simulations
Authors: Maheshwari P.. , Balakotaiah V.. 
Published: September 2013

Summary
Acidization of carbonate rocks is a common practice to reduce formation damage near the wellbore. In this process, an acidic solution is injected to dissolve some of the rock, creating conductive channels called wormholes. These wormholes facilitate the flow of hydrocarbons to the wellbore. In the literature, there are several theoretical and experimental studies performed to understand this process. Recent work by Maheshwari et al. 2013 focused on a qualitative comparison of 3D numerical results for slow-reacting acids with experimental data and presented a sensitivity analysis of the acidization process with respect to various transport, reaction, and rock properties. There are very few 3D numerical studies that can predict the experimental results quantitatively, such as the optimum injection rate for fast-reacting acids such as hydrochloric acid (HCl). Therefore, the main objective of this study is to quantitatively predict the experimentally observed acidization curve and dissolution patterns in carbonates with HCl.
We present 3D numerical simulations of carbonate acidization with HCl using a two-scale continuum (TSC) model. The model describes the reactive transport at Darcy scale and retains all pore-scale physics through structure-property relations. Unlike previous studies, we use a new two-parameter (pore-broadening and pore-connectivity) structure-property relation to describe the change in permeability, pore radius, and interfacial area per unit volume with porosity. We predict quantitatively the experimentally observed acidization curve for an HCl/limestone system and show the existence of a critical heterogeneity (that corresponds to the minimum amount of acid required to breakthrough). We also present scaling criteria to estimate the wormhole-tip diameter and optimum acid-injection rate for vuggy and nonvuggy carbonates. Finally, we present the flow dynamics of acid inside the wormhole.
Plasma NGAL for the Diagnosis of AKI in Patients Admitted from the Emergency Department Setting
Authors: Soto Karina , Papoila Ana Luisa , Coelho Silvia , Bennett Michael , Ma Qing , Rodrigues Bruno , Fidalgo Pedro , Frade Francisca , Devarajan Prasad 
Published: September 2013

Summary

Background and objectives
The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a marker of AKI in patients admitted from the emergency department.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
In this prospective cohort study, patients (n=616) admitted from the emergency department from March to November of 2008 were classified according to clinical criteria as AKI, transient azotemia, stable CKD, and normal function. Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin was measured serially. A logistic regression model using clinical characteristics was fitted to the data, and a second model included discretized plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. Performance of the models was evaluated by Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, net reclassification improvement, integrated discrimination improvement, and predictiveness curve.

Results
Twenty-one percent of patients were classified as AKI; the highest median levels of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin were in the AKI group (146–174 ng/ml at various time points) and increased with AKI severity (207–244 ng/ml for Acute Kidney Injury Network classification stage>2). The discriminative ability of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin for AKI diagnosis (area under the curve, 0.77–0.82 at various time points) improved with higher grades of severity (area under the curve, 0.85–0.89 for AKIN>2). Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin discriminated AKI from normal function and transient azotemia (area under the curve, 0.85 and 0.73, respectively). Patients were classified into three grades of AKI risk according to plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels (low, moderate [i.e., the gray zone], and high). Patients with plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in the high-risk category displayed a 10-fold greater risk of AKI (odds ratio, 9.8; 95% confidence interval, 5.6 to 16.9). The addition of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin to the clinical model yielded a net reclassification improvement of 94.3% and an integrated discrimination improvement of 0.122.

Conclusion
Plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is an accurate biomarker for prediction of AKI in patients admitted from the emergency department. This work proposes a three-grade classification of AKI risk based on plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin levels.
Validation of a Pretransplant Risk Score for New-Onset Diabetes After Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Chakkera Harini A. , Chang Yu-Hui , Ayub Asad , Gonwa Thomas A. , Weil E. Jennifer , Knowler William C. 
Published: September 2013

OBJECTIVE
Identification of patients at high risk for new-onset diabetes after kidney transplantation (NODAT) will facilitate clinical trials for its prevention.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We previously described a pretransplant predictive risk model for NODAT using seven pretransplant variables (age, planned use of maintenance corticosteroids, prescription for gout medicine, BMI, fasting glucose, fasting triglycerides, and family history of diabetes). We have now applied the initial model to a cohort of 474 transplant recipients from another center for validation. We performed two analyses in the validation cohort. The first was a standard model with variables derived from the original study. The second was a summary score model, in which the sum of dichotomized variables (all the variables dichotomized at clinically relevant cut points) was used to categorize, individuals into low (0–1), intermediate (2, 3), or high (4–7) risk groups. We also conducted a combined database analyses, merging the initial and validation cohorts (n = 792) to obtain better estimates for a prediction equation.

RESULTS
Although the frequency of several risk factors differed significantly between the two cohorts, the models performed similarly in each cohort. Using the summary score model, incidences of NODAT in low-risk, medium-risk, and high-risk groups in the initial cohort were 12, 29, and 56%, and in the validation cohort incidences were 11, 29, and 51%.

CONCLUSIONS
A pretransplant model for NODAT, including many type 2 diabetes risk factors, predicted NODAT in the validation cohort.