bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimising the imaging plane for right ventricular magnetic resonance volume analysis in adult patients referred for assessment of right ventricular structure and function
Authors: Lyen Stephen , Mathias Helen , McAlindon Elisa , Trickey Adam , Rodrigues Jonathan , Bucciarelli‐Ducci Chiara , Hamilton Mark , Manghat Nathan 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroductionOur aim was to evaluate the reproducibility and accuracy of using short‐axis and axial (transaxial) plane for magnetic resonance imaging analysis in adult patients referred for assessment of right ventricular (RV) structure and function.MethodsTwenty consecutive subjects (10 male, 10 female, mean age 32.2 ± 14.8 years) who were referred for RV assessment and had cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were retrospectively selected. Axial and short‐axis manual contouring was performed using cine steady‐state free precession sequences by three experienced imaging specialists. The reproducibility of end diastolic volumes, end systolic volumes and ejection fraction was assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and paired t‐tests. Left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV) and RV stroke volumes (RVSV) were compared with concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs) and t‐tests to determine accuracy.ResultsThe concordance between the RVSV and LVSV was good using both methods (axial RVSV CCC = 0.93, short‐axis RVSV CCC = 0.86). Paired t‐test and analysis of variance showed that the LV/RV stroke volume differences were not significant (p = 0.17). There was slight improvement in interobserver reliability with end systolic volume measurements (axial ICC = 0.92, short‐axis ICC = 0.81) but this failed to reach statistical significance (p = 0.37). There was excellent intraobserver variability (ICC > 0.9).ConclusionThis study shows that there is no statistically significant difference in reproducibility or accuracy using the short‐axis or axial orientations in RV volume analysis in adult patients being referred for RV assessment.
Cost‐effectiveness of Quantitative Pretest Probability Intended to Reduce Unnecessary Medical Radiation Exposure in Emergency Department Patients With Chest Pain and Dyspnea
Authors: Troyer Jennifer L. , Jones Alan E. , Shapiro Nathan I. , Mitchell Alice M. , Hewer Ian , Kline Jeffrey A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectivesQuantitative pretest probability (qPTP) incorporated into a decision support tool with advice can reduce unnecessary diagnostic testing among patients with symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and pulmonary embolism (PE), reducing 30‐day costs without an increase in 90‐day adverse outcomes. This study estimates long‐term (beyond 90‐day) costs and outcomes associated withqPTP. The authors hypothesized thatqPTPreduces lifetime costs and improves outcomes in low‐risk patients with symptoms suggestive ofACSand PE.MethodsThis was a cost‐effectiveness analysis of a multicenter, randomized controlled trial of adult emergency patients with dyspnea and chest pain, in which a clinician encountering a low‐risk patient with symptoms suggestive ofACSorPEconducted either the intervention (qPTPforACSandPEwith advice) or the sham (noqPTPand no advice). Effect of the intervention over a patient's lifetime was assessed using a Markov microsimulation model. Short‐term costs and outcomes were from the trial; long‐term outcomes and costs were from the literature. Outcomes included lifetime transition toPE,ACS, and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH); mortality from cancer,ICH,PE,ACS, renal failure, and ischemic stroke; quality‐adjusted life‐years (QALYs); and total medical costs compared between simulated intervention and sham groups.ResultsMarkov microsimulation for a 40‐year‐old patient receivingqPTPfound lifetime cost savings of $497 for women and $528 for men, associated with small gains inQALYs (2 and 6 days, respectively) and lower rates of cancer mortality in both sexes, but a reduction inICHonly in males. Sensitivity analysis for patients aged 60 years predicted thatqPTPwould continue to save costs and also reduce mortality from bothICHand cancer. Use ofqPTPsignificantly reduced the lifetime probability ofPEdiagnosis, with lower probability of death fromPEin both sexes aged 40 to 60 years. However, use ofqPTPreduced the rate ofACSdiagnosis and death fromACSat age 40, but increased the death rate fromACSat age 60 for both sexes.ConclusionsWidespread use of a combinedqPTPfor bothACSandPEhas the potential to decrease costs by reducing diagnostic testing, while improving most long‐term outcomes in emergency patients with chest pain and dyspnea.
Limb and digit orientation during vertical clinging in Bibron's gecko, Chondrodactylus bibronii (A. Smith, 1846) and its bearing on the adhesive capabilities of geckos
Authors: Russell Anthony P. , Oetelaar Garrett S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGeckos with subdigital adhesive pads can scale smooth vertical surfaces in defiance of gravity. The deployment of the adhesive system is activated by the musculoskeletal system during active traverses of such surfaces, but adhesion on such substrata can also be achieved by passive means, with the body weight of the gecko applying tensile loading to the adhesive setae, maintaining prolonged, static contact with the surface. To investigate whether passively induced adhesion is employed by geckos holding station on smooth vertical surfaces, we investigated the magnitude of shear force generation for the manus and pes, and the positioning of the limb segments and digits in Chondrodactylus bibronii in freely selected resting postures (head‐up, head‐down and facing laterally to the left and right). Our results indicate that different subsets of digits occupy positions consistent with them being passively loaded in different body orientations. Limb segment and digit orientation are consistent within, and differ between, the resting postures, and relatively few of the 20 digits are positioned to take advantage of gravitationally induced loading in any posture. The pedal digits have greater adhesive potential than the manual ones and, more frequently, capitalize on passive loading than do manual digits. This is especially evident in the commonly adopted head‐down resting posture.
Outcome of patients older than 60 years with classical Hodgkin lymphoma treated with front line ABVD chemotherapy: frequent pulmonary events suggest limiting the use of bleomycin in the elderly
Authors: Stamatoullas Aspasia , Brice Pauline , Bouabdallah Reda , Mareschal Sylvain , Camus Vincent , Rahal Ilhem , Franchi Patricia , Lanic Hélène , Tilly Hervé 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThere is no standard of care in elderly classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) patients. ABVD (doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine), the standard chemotherapy for younger patients, is also used in elderly patients but little is known about toxicity and efficacy. We retrospectively analysed 147 patients aged 60 years and over treated with ABVD in three French haematological centres. Treatment regimen modification was applied in 56 patients for toxicity or HL progression. Bleomycin was removed or reduced in 53 patients, mainly for pulmonary toxicity. Neither initial characteristics nor treatment characteristics were found to correlate with lung toxicity. One hundred and seventeen patients achieved a complete remission, 6 a partial remission, 16 had refractory disease and 8 were non‐evaluable. Five‐year overall survival was estimated at 67%. With a median follow‐up of 58 months, 51 patients died and 14% of deaths were related to lung toxicity. Our study confirms the efficacy of ABVD in elderly patients even if results are inferior to those obtained in younger patients with the same regimen. ABVD can be proposed as front‐line chemotherapy in selected elderly cHL patients. The frequency of pulmonary events leads us to propose to either reduce the dose of bleomycin or to remove it from the regimen.
Long‐term results of high‐dose imatinib in children and adolescents with chronic myeloid leukaemia in chronic phase: the Italian experience
Authors: Giona Fiorina , Putti Maria C. , Micalizzi Concetta , Menna Giuseppe , Moleti Maria L. , Santoro Nicola , Iaria Grazia , Ladogana Saverio , Burnelli Roberta , Consarino Caterina , Varotto Stefania , Tucci Francesca , Messina Chiara , Nanni Mauro , Diverio Daniela , Biondi Andrea , Pession Andrea , Locatelli Franco , Piciocchi Alfonso , Gottardi Enrico , Saglio Giuseppe , Foà Robin 
Published: April 2015

SummaryImatinib mesylate (IM) is used for the management of childhood chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). The most effective dosage of IM and its long‐term efficacy in children are not well defined. The purpose of this multicentre study is to report on the long‐term results of high‐dose IM (340 mg/m2/d) in CML patients in chronic phase (CP‐CML) aged <18 years at diagnosis. A total of 47 CP‐CML patients with a median age at diagnosis of 11 years 9 months were enrolled in nine Italian centres. Complete cytogenetic response was achieved in 91·5% of the evaluable patients at a median time of 6 months. BCR‐ABL1 International Scale ≤ 0·1% (major molecular response; MMR) and ≤0·01% (molecular response; MR) at 12 months were 66·6% and 33%, respectively. During follow‐up, MMR and MR were achieved in 78·6% and 61% of children, respectively. IM was safely discontinued in 3 long‐term treated children with a durable MR. Twelve patients (eight cytogenetic/molecular responders) underwent stem cell transplantation. The progression‐free survival probabilities at 96 months for responding patients who continued IM and for those transplanted were 60% and 50%, respectively. After a median follow‐up of 52 months (range 3–146), all patients are alive. High‐dose IM is a long‐term effective therapy in children and adolescents with CP‐CML.
Managing chronic orofacial pain: A qualitative study of patients', doctors', and dentists' experiences
Authors: Peters Sarah , Goldthorpe Joanna , McElroy Cheryl , King Elizabeth , Javidi Hanieh , Tickle Martin , Aggarwal Vishal R. 
Published: April 2015

ObjectivePersistent pain in the face, mouth, and jaws is a common presentation to dental and medical services. The aetiology remains unclear, but a growing evidence base recognizes the effectiveness of psychological rather than biomedical interventions. To understand how this approach might be implemented into clinical practice, knowledge is needed of patients' and clinicians' experience of chronic orofacial pain (COFP). The aim of this study was to explore the experience and understanding of COFP by patients and primary and secondary care medical and dental practitioners.DesignQualitative interview study.MethodsAudio‐recorded semi‐structured interviews with a purposive sample of 12 dentists, 11 general practitioners, and seven patients were thematically analysed.ResultsClinicians and patients recognized the role that psychological factors could play in the development and maintenance of COFP, yet management and self‐management strategies were largely limited to biomedical interventions. Achieving a diagnosis proved problematic but largely functional for both parties. GPs and dentists viewed COFP as a non‐dental problem and felt inadequately equipped to manage the condition. GPs, unlike dentists, felt obligated to support patients using techniques for managing patients with other long‐term conditions. Frustration at the current inadequacy of COFP management often led to conflict with (or disengagement from) the clinician–patient relationship.ConclusionsCurrent management of COFP is ineffective and unsatisfactory for patients and practitioners, which impacts on their relationship. Fundamental barriers to accessing and implementing psychological interventions for COFP arise from ineffective communication between physicians and patients, and between medical and dental practitioners.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

COFP is characterized by persistent pain in the face, mouth, or jaws that are not the result of organic disease or physical trauma.

Patients with COFP present to both medical and dental services and receive sub‐optimal care.

No studies have examined the experiences of managing this problem from the perspectives of dentists, general practitioners and patients.

What does this study add?

Patients, dentists, and GPs recognize the role that psychological factors have in maintaining and addressing facial pain symptoms, yet principally manage it through biomedical interventions.

Challenges exist over arriving at a diagnosis and managing the problem, and challenges are exacerbated by poor communication between doctors and medical services.

Improvements are needed in liaison between medical and dental services and further training to support primary care clinicians to facilitate a stepped care approach to managing COFP.
A high concentration of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 induces low‐efficacy bone regeneration in sinus augmentation: a histomorphometric analysis in rabbits
Authors: Hong Ji‐Youn , Kim Min‐Soo , Lim Hyun‐Chang , Lee Jung‐Seok , Choi Seong‐Ho , Jung Ui‐Won 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to elucidate the efficacy of bone regeneration at the early stage of healing in rabbit sinuses grafted with a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) carrier soaked in a high concentration of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2).Materials and methodsBoth maxillary sinuses of eight male rabbits were used. The sinus on one side (assigned randomly) was grafted with BCP loaded with rhBMP‐2 (1.5 mg/ml; test group) using a soaking method, while the other was grafted with saline‐soaked BCP (control group). After a 2‐week healing period, the sinuses were analyzed by micro‐computed tomography and histomorphometry.ResultsThe total augmented area and soft tissue space were significantly larger in the test group than in the control group, whereas the opposite was true for the area of residual material and newly formed bone. Most of the new bone in the test group was localized to the Schneiderian membrane (SM), while very little bone formation was observed in the window and center regions of the sinus. New bone was distributed evenly in the control group sinuses.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, it appeared that application of a high concentration of rhBMP‐2 soaked onto a BCP carrier inhibited bone regeneration from the pristine bone and increased soft tissue swelling and inflammatory response at the early healing stage of sinus augmentation, although osteoinductive potential was found along the SM.
Occupational contact dermatitis caused by aniline epoxy resins in the aircraft industry
Authors: Pesonen Maria , Suuronen Katri , Jolanki Riitta , Aalto‐Korte Kristiina , Kuuliala Outi , Henriks‐Eckerman Maj‐Len , Valtanen Ilona , Alanko Kristiina 
Published: April 2015

SummaryBackgroundTetraglycidyl‐4,4′‐methylenedianiline (TGMDA) is an aniline epoxy resin used in, for example, resin systems of pre‐impregnated composite materials (prepregs) of the aircraft industry. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by TGMDA in prepregs has been described previously.ObjectivesTo report on 9 patients with occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by TGMDA in epoxy glues used in helicopter assembly.MethodsThe patients were examined with patch testing at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health in 2004–2009. The first patient was diagnosed by testing both components of two epoxy glues from the workplace, and was also tested with glue ingredients, including TGMDA. The following patients were tested with the glues and TGMDA. The resin parts of the glues were analysed for their epoxy compounds, including TGMDA.ResultsAll of the patients had a patch test reaction to one or both of the resin parts of the TGMDA‐containing glues. Eight of them had a strong allergic reaction to TGMDA, and one had a doubtful reaction to TGMDA. Two of the patients also had an allergic reaction to triglycidyl‐p‐aminophenol (TGPAP), another aniline epoxy resin, which was not present in the TGMDA‐containing glues.ConclusionsIn aircraft industry workers with suspected occupational dermatitis, aniline epoxy resins should be considered and patch tested as possible contact allergens.
Massive structural redundancies in species composition patterns of floodplain forest moths
Authors: Truxa Christine , Fiedler Konrad 
Published: April 2015

Terrestrial arthropod communities usually consist of very large species numbers. Data from experiments or long time‐series would be required to ascertain the functional significance of individual species. Both are largely unavailable for species‐rich natural communities. Recognising structural redundancies in species composition allows for an alternative approach to address how strong functional redundancy might be in natural assemblages, if structural and functional redundancies are related to each other. Determining structural redundancies is a regular topic in aquatic ecology, but has rarely been applied to terrestrial communities.We explored the extent of structural redundancy in species‐rich terrestrial insect assemblages and whether structural redundancies are contingent to species abundances or functional group affiliations.We used the BVSTEP algorithm to determine structural redundancies in a large data set of moth species (32 181 individuals; 448 species) that had been sampled with light‐traps in three different floodplain forests in eastern Austria. We partitioned the moth species into 12 functional types based on larval host‐plant affiliations to test if moth species included in reduced subsets represent functional groups in the same proportions as they occur in the entire fauna.We observed far more massive structural redundancies in moth assemblages than previously found in aquatic communities. Subsets containing only 8–15 species (1.8–3.3% of all recorded species) were still highly representative for the overall data. Subsets selected by the BVSTEP procedure performed better than equally small subsets that were defined solely by species abundances or by functional group affiliations. Effective ‘surrogate’ subsets contained only 6–9 of the 12 functional moth types. High abundance only loosely corresponded with the frequency at which a moth species was included in the subsets. Thus, certain uncommon species contribute importantly to species composition patterns.Our results show unexpectedly extensive structural redundancies in complex floodplain forest moth communities, which may also indicate strong functional redundancies.
Ramping single unit activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum reflects the onset of waiting but not imminent impulsive actions
Authors: Donnelly Nicholas A. , Paulsen Ole , Robbins Trevor W. , Dalley Jeffrey W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and ventral striatum (VS), including the nucleus accumbens, are key forebrain regions involved in regulating behaviour for future rewards. Dysfunction of these regions can result in impulsivity, characterized by actions that are mistimed and executed without due consideration of their consequences. Here we recorded the activity of single neurons in the mPFC and VS of 16 rats during performance on a five‐choice serial reaction time task of sustained visual attention and impulsivity. Impulsive responses were assessed by the number of premature responses made before target stimuli were presented. We found that the majority of cells signalled trial outcome after an action was made (both rewarded and unrewarded). Positive and negative ramping activity was a feature of population activity in the mPFC and VS (49.5 and 50.4% of cells, respectively). This delay‐related activity increased at the same rate and reached the same maximum (or minimum) for trials terminated by either correct or premature responses. However, on premature trials, the ramping activity started earlier and coincided with shorter latencies to begin waiting. For all trial types the pattern of ramping activity was unchanged when the pre‐stimulus delay period was made variable. Thus, premature responses may result from a failure in the timing of the initiation of a waiting process, combined with a reduced reliance on external sensory cues, rather than a primary failure in delay activity. Our findings further show that the neural locus of this aberrant timing signal may emanate from structures outside the mPFC and VS.
Reduction of ferredoxin or oxygen by flavin‐based electron bifurcation in Megasphaera elsdenii
Authors: Chowdhury Nilanjan P. , Kahnt Jörg , Buckel Wolfgang 
Published: April 2015

Over 50 years ago, it was reported that, in the anaerobic rumen bacterium Megasphaera elsdenii, the reduction of crotonyl‐CoA to butyryl‐CoA by NADH involved an electron transferring flavoprotein (Etf) as mediator [Baldwin RL, Milligan LP (1964) Biochim Biophys Acta 92, 421–432]. Purification and spectroscopic characterization revealed that this Etf contained 2 FAD, whereas, in the Etfs from aerobic and facultative bacteria, one FAD is replaced by AMP. Recently we detected a similar system in the related anaerobe Acidaminococcus fermentans that differed in the requirement of additional ferredoxin as electron acceptor. The whole process was established as flavin‐based electron bifurcation in which the exergonic reduction of crotonyl‐CoA by NADH mediated by Etf + butyryl‐CoA dehydrogenase (Bcd) was coupled to the endergonic reduction of ferredoxin also by NADH. In the present study, we demonstrate that, under anaerobic conditions, Etf + Bcd from M. elsdenii bifurcate as efficiently as Etf + Bcd from A. fermentans. Under the aerobic conditions used in the study by Baldwin and Milligan and in the presence of catalytic amounts of crotonyl‐CoA or butyryl‐CoA, however, Etf + Bcd act as NADH oxidase producing superoxide and H2O2, whereas ferredoxin is not required. We hypothesize that, during bifurcation, oxygen replaces ferredoxin to yield superoxide. In addition, the formed butyryl‐CoA is re‐oxidized by a second oxygen molecule to crotonyl‐CoA, resulting in a stoichiometry of 2 NADH consumed and 2 H2O2 formed. As a result of the production of reactive oxygen species, electron bifurcation can be regarded as an Achilles’ heel of anaerobes when exposed to air.
Post‐Craniotomy Headache: A Clinical View With a Focus on the Persistent Form
Authors: Rocha‐Filho Pedro Augusto Sampaio 
Published: April 2015

BackgroundPost‐craniotomy headache is a frequent complication of neurosurgical procedures and is often a challenge for neurosurgeons, neurologists, and headache specialists.MethodThis was a narrative review.ResultsSurgical trauma, adherence of the musculature to the dura mater, peripheral nerve injury, development of neurinomas in the surgical scar, and central sensitization may be involved in the genesis of such headaches. Performing smaller craniotomies, replacement of the bone (craniotomy), performing cranioplasty, and infiltration of the surgical site with local anesthesia at the end of the surgical procedure are strategies used to prevent such headaches. Among the most frequent characteristics of post‐craniotomy headaches are that they start on the first days after the operation, are located on the same side as and at the site of the surgical scar, and improve with the passage of time. Depression, anxiety, and temporomandibular disorders are frequently associated with these headaches. Abortive treatment such as opioids, ordinary analgesics, non‐hormonal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and triptans can be administered. There have been reports of improvements using sodium divalproex, verapamil, and local anesthetics.ConclusionsPost‐craniotomy headaches can have significant repercussions on patients' quality of life. There is a need for clinical trials evaluating therapeutic options for treatment of this type of headache.