bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro Antibacterial and in vivo Antinociceptive Activities of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Dipterocarpus turbinatus Leaves
Authors: Akter Nasrin , Sayeed Mohammed Abu , Jahan Israt , Habib Nawara , Ullah Mohammad Hamid , Arman Mohammad 
Published: August 2024

The study was aimed to assess the antibacterial and analgesic properties of the ethyl acetate extract from the leaves of Dipterocarpus turbinatus. The antibacterial effectiveness of the extract obtained from the leaves of D. turbinatus was evaluated using the disc diffusion method against both positive and negative Gram strains. Furthermore, the analgesic qualities were assessed by doing the formalin-incited paw licking test in mice model. The ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against all tested microorganisms (Lactobacillus casei, Corynebacterium sp., Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus azotoformans, and Salmonella typhi) at concentrations of 0.1 mg/disc, 0.3 mg/disc, and 0.5 mg/disc using the disc diffusion method. The extract's zone of inhibition measured between 12 and 25 mm was less than the Kanamycin's diameter of 32–36 mm. The analgesic activity of the substance was evaluated in Swiss Albino mice using the tail immersion and formalin test procedures, revealing a modest level of analgesic activity. In the formalin test, the extract had a strong dose-dependent impact at dosages of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, as shown by a larger inhibition percentage compared to the standard. This result was statistically significant (***p<0.001) when compared to the control group. During the tail immersion test, the extract showed a significant impact at dose 400 mg/kg (**p<0.01). The plant extract has a modest level of antibacterial and analgesic properties.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 27(2): 207-214, 2024 (July)
Hybrid Inverse Weed Optimization Algorithm with Math-Flame Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Thanoon Radhwan Basim 
Published: August 2024

In this work, two Meta-Heuristic Algorithms were hybridized, the first is the Invers Weed optimization algorithm (IWO), which is a passing multiple algorithm, and the second is the Moth-flame Optimization Algorithm (MFO). Which depend in their behavior on the intelligence of the swarm and the intelligence of society, and they have unique characteristics that exceed the characteristics of the intelligence of other swarms because they are efficient in achieving the right balance between exploration and exploitation. So the new algorithm improves the initial population that is randomly generated, A process of hybridization was made between the IWO and MFO Algorithm to call The new hybrid algorithm (IWOMFO). The new hybrid algorithm was used for 16 high-scaling optimization functions with different community sizes and 250 repetitions. The Algorithm showed access to optimal solutions by achieving the value Minority () for most of these functions and the results of this algorithm are compared with the basic algorithms IWO, MFO
Using Real-Time Ray Tracing in Game Action-Adventure ANGKARA "The Rise of Asura"
Authors: Aditama Putu Wirayudi , Anggara I Gede Adi Sudi , Alparizi Jilmi 
Published: August 2024

The pressing problems facing the games industry in Indonesia are first, the lack of developers who can meet the needs of the local market and the lack of adaptation of local content in games. Second, how to improve the optimization of the Ray Tracing process? To overcome these challenges, this research aims to design and build an action-adventure game model using Unreal Engine 5. By developing the Real-Time Ray Tracing (RTRT) feature. The game design will also utilize the latest technology such as Ray Tracing, and artificial intelligence to create an immersive and realistic gaming experience. The method used in this research is GDLC (Game Development Life Cycle). The results of research using black box testing with components, character responsiveness, basic attacks, interaction with the environment, defense, enemy behavior, and optimization of Ray Tracing state that it has been validated.
Efek Culture Shock pada Komunikasi Mahasiswa Non Pesantren prodi Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam di Universitas Hasyim Asy'ari Tebuireng Jombang
Authors: Muflihatun  , Muhammad As'ad  
Published: August 2024

Culture shock dikatakan sebagai kondisi seseorang yang mengalami perasaan terkejut, bingung, kadang cemas yang dirasakan seseorang ketika baru berada dalam lingkungan atau budaya yang berbeda. Gegar budaya dapat diatasi bila seseorang mampu beradaptasi dan meyesuaikan diri dengan budaya tempat individu tersebut berada, sehingga terjalin komunikasi yang efektif dan lancar, perasaan lebih nyaman, serta permasalahan ketegangan akibat perbedaan budaya dapat terselesaikan. Fenomena ini terjadi dari adanya mahasiswa non pesantren yang tidak memiliki pengetahuan terkait dengan keagamaan atau yang tidak pernah mengalami belajar di pesantren menjadikan kurang percaya diri dalam belajar di Universitas Hasyim Asy’ari yang berbasis pesantren. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui: 1.) Apa efek dari pengaruh culture shock pada mahasiswa non pesantren di Univesitas Hasyim Asy’ari? 2.) Bagaimana pengalaman culture shock mempengaruhi adaptasi sosial dan akademik mahasiswa non pesantren di Universitas Hasyim Asy’ari? Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Kualititatif dan pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif. Adapun sumber data yang didapatkan yakni wawancara langsung mahasiswa non pesantren prodi Komunikasi dan Penyiaran Islam Universitas Hasyim Asy’ari. Berdasarkan penelitian tersebut didapatkan hasil bahwa peneliti menemukan temuan utama dalam penelitian ini yakni Transisi Antarbudaya (atau transisi budaya) merujuk pada reaksi awal individu ketika menghadapi budaya baru atau biasa disebut dengan culture shock dan proses adaptasi yang dialami individu ketika mereka berpindah dari satu lingkungan budaya ke lingkungan budaya yang berbeda.
Ultrasound-assisted laser therapy for selective removal of melanoma cells
Authors: Subramanian Karthikesh Madhumithra , Martinez-Rivera Noraida , Rosa-Molinar Eduardo , Wang Xueding , Yang Xinmai 
Published: August 2024

The current study explores the potential of ultrasound-assisted laser therapy (USaLT) to selectively destroy melanoma cells. The technology was tested on an ex vivo melanoma model, which was established by growing melanoma cells in chicken breast tissue. Ultrasound-only and laser-only treatments were used as control groups. USaLT was able to effectively destroy melanoma cells and selectively remove 66.41% of melanoma cells in the ex vivo tumor model when an ultrasound peak negative pressure of 2 MPa was concurrently applied with a laser fluence of 28 mJ/cm2 at 532 nm optical wavelength for 5 min. The therapeutic efficiency was further improved with the use of a higher laser fluence, and the treatment depth was improved to 3.5 mm with the use of 1,064 nm laser light at a fluence of 150 mJ/cm2. None of the laser-only and ultrasound-only treatments were able to remove any melanoma cells. The treatment outcome was validated with histological analyses and photoacoustic imaging. This study opens the possibility of USaLT for melanoma that is currently treated by laser therapy, but at a much lower laser fluence level, hence improving the safety potential of laser therapy.
Risk factors related to low-level viraemia in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving entecavir treatment
Authors: Li Zhong-Bin , Chen Dan-Dan , Jia Yun-Fei , He Qing-Juan , Cui Li , Du Feng-Xia , Kang Yao-Jie , Feng Xin , He Mengwen , Jin Xue-Yuan , Chen Jing , Wang Yudong , Ji Dong , Lau George , Wu Shu-Gao 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundAbout 20% of on-treatment patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) experienced low-level viraemia (LLV), which is associated with persistent low-grade inflammation, fibrosis progression, and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. We aimed to investigate the high-risk factors related to LLV.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients receiving entecavir (ETV) treatment from January 2018 to January 2023 were enrolled, and were divided into a LLV (HBV DNA 20-2000 IU/mL) cohort and a complete virological response (CVR) (HBV DNA &lt; 20 IU/mL) cohort according to the virological response at week 48 posttreatment. Treatment baseline characteristics were retrieved from electronic medical records. Multivariate logistic regression was performed.ResultsTotally, 1653 patients were enrolled, male patients accounted for 73.0%; the median age was 44 years; the mean HBV DNA level was 5.9 Log10 IU/ml. Among them, 472 (28.6%) experienced LLV. Multivariate analysis showed that HBeAg positivity (OR = 2.650, 95% CI: 2.000-3.511, p &lt; 0.001), HBV DNA ≥ 6.0 Log10 IU/mL (OR = 1.370, 95% CI: 1.054-1.780, p = 0.019), qHBsAg ≥ 9000 IU/mL (OR = 4.472, 95% CI: 3.410-5.866, p &lt; 0.001), cirrhosis (OR = 1.650, 95% CI: 1.234-2.207, P = 0.001), LSM ≥ 13.0 kPa (OR = 1.644, 95% CI: 1.203-2.246, p = 0.002), and PLT &lt; 100×109/L (OR = 1.450, 95% CI: 1.094-1.922, p = 0.010) at baseline were related to the development of LLV.ConclusionsHigh HBV DNA/HBsAg quantification/LSM, low PLT, HBeAg positivity, and liver cirrhosis were high-risk factors associated with LLV in patients receiving entecavir treatment.
Exploration of predictive risk factors for diabetic foot in patients with diabetes in Beijing: analysis of 5-year follow-up data of patients with diabetes mellitus in a single center in Beijing
Authors: Su Guanming , Yuan Xiaoyong , Yuan Geheng , Sun Yalan , Zhang Donghui , Liu Wei , Zhang Junqing , Guo Xiaohui 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundLarge-scale prospective cohort studies on diabetic foot ulcers risk factor screening in China are limited. Therefore, this prospective cohort study aimed to explore the predictive risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers to provide clinicians with concise and effective clinical indicators for identifying a high-risk diabetic foot and guiding the prevention of diabetic foot ulcers.MethodsPatients with diabetes who visited the Department of Endocrinology of Peking University First Hospital from October 2017 to December 2018 were selected as research participants by convenience sampling. A total of 968 patients were included. After enrollment, a dedicated person collected and recorded all baseline data. A dedicated telephone follow-up was conducted every 12–24 months to evaluate whether the endpoint event had occurred. All patients were followed up for an average of 61 (57–71) months, with 95% of them followed up for more than 60 months. According to the occurrence of endpoint events, they were divided into the DFU and non-DFU groups. The data between the two groups were analyzed using independent-sample t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, and chi square test. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to analyze the factors that affected the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcers.Results and conclusionsAfter the 5-year follow-up, the incidence of diabetic foot was 25.83%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that body mass index (odds ratio: 1.046; 95% confidence interval: 1.001–1.093), abnormal pinprick sensation (odds ratio: 4.138; 95% confidence interval: 1.292–13.255), history of fungal foot infection (odds ratio: 2.287; 95% confidence interval: 1.517–3.448), abnormal 128-Hz tuning fork test (odds ratio: 2.628; 95% confidence interval: 1.098–6.294), and HbA1c≥ 8% (odds ratio: 1.522; 95% confidence interval: 1.014–2.284) were independent predictors of diabetic foot. Our study highlights clinically relevant indicators that may help to prevent the occurrence of diabetic foot and guide timely interventions.
Physiological and biochemical changes of Picea abies (L.) during acute drought stress and their correlation with susceptibility to Ips typographus (L.) and I. duplicatus (Sahlberg)
Authors: Basile Sara , Stříbrská Barbora , Kalyniukova Alina , Hradecký Jaromír , Synek Jiří , Gershenzon Jonathan , Jirošová Anna 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionIn recent years, Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) forests in Central Europe have faced escalating threats from bark beetles, primarily Ips typographus (L.), and other species, such as I. duplicatus (Sahlberg). Outbreaks are partially attributed to weakened tree defense resulting from drought periods induced by climate change. This study examines Norway spruce’s physiological and metabolic reactions to acute drought stress during the growing season and evaluates its susceptibility to I. typographus and I. duplicatus.MethodologyIn order to induce drought stress, mature Norway spruces had their roots covered with a roof in April 2021, depriving them of water. Control trees were left with free access to natural rainwater. Over 5 months of the growing season, soil water potential, bark temperature, tree trunk circumference, and sap flow were monitored. Roofed trees and controls were sampled in July, August, and September and analyzed for non-structural carbohydrates and the two classes of defensive compounds, phenolics and terpenes. Furthermore, two different bioassays in tubes and boxes were performed using adult I. typographus and I. duplicatus beetles to assess host choice and acceptance.ResultsRoofed trees exhibited signs of stress as early as July, resulting in decreased tree trunk and a consequent increase in non-structural carbohydrate content. Defensive metabolites remained largely unaffected except for an increase in diterpenes in September. In bioassays, I. typographus preferred boring into the bark of roofed trees in August in tubes and in September in boxes. This increased tree acceptance correlated with increased levels of soluble carbohydrates in the phloem. I. typographus and I. duplicatus beetles showed higher mobility in boxes in August and September on roofed trees but not in July, even though bark surface temperatures were elevated in roof-covered trees during all three bioassay periods.ConclusionThe study revealed rapid physiological responses of trees to acute drought stress, although not many changes were observed in defense traits. Despite the absence of natural bark beetle attacks, drought trees were more accepted by I. typographus than naturally watered trees. This response may indicate the beetles’ preference for trees with phloem of higher nutritional quality induced by the acute drought stress conditions.
Hub genes identification and validation of ferroptosis in SARS-CoV-2 induced ARDS: perspective from transcriptome analysis
Authors: Li Yutang , Tang Li , Wang Fang , Gao Chencheng , Yang Qi , Luo Liyu , Wei Jiahang , Tang Qiuyun , Qi Mingran 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAcute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) poses a significant health challenge due to its high incidence and mortality rates. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has added complexity, with evidence suggesting a correlation between COVID-19 induced ARDS and post-COVID symptoms. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of ARDS in COVID-19 patients is crucial for effective clinical treatment.MethodTo investigate the potential role of ferroptosis in SARS-CoV-2 induced ARDS, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using bioinformatics methods. Datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were utilized, focusing on COVID-19 patients with varying ARDS severity. We employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), differential gene expression analysis, and single-cell sequencing to identify key genes associated with ferroptosis in ARDS. Hub genes were validated using additional GEO datasets and cell experiment.ResultThe analysis discerned 916 differentially expressed genes in moderate/severe ARDS patients compared to non-critical individuals. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) unveiled two modules that exhibited a positive correlation with ARDS, subsequently leading to the identification of 15 hub genes associated with ferroptosis. Among the noteworthy hub genes were MTF1, SAT1, and TXN. Protein-protein interaction analysis, and pathway analysis further elucidated their roles. Immune infiltrating analysis highlighted associations between hub genes and immune cells. Validation in additional datasets confirmed the upregulation of MTF1, SAT1, and TXN in SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS. This was also demonstrated by qRT-PCR results in the BEAS-2B cells vitro model, suggesting their potential as diagnostic indicators.DiscussionThis study identifies MTF1, SAT1, and TXN as hub genes associated with ferroptosis in SARS-CoV-2-induced ARDS. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying ARDS in COVID-19 patients and offer potential targets for immune therapy and targeted treatment. Further experimental validation is warranted to solidify these findings and explore therapeutic interventions for ARDS in the context of COVID-19.
ICU patients receiving remifentanil do not experience reduced duration of mechanical ventilation: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials and network meta-analyses based on Bayesian theories
Authors: Lu Fangjie , Qin Sirun , Liu Chang , Chen Xunxun , Dai Zhaoqiu , Li Cong 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe purpose of this network meta-analysis (NMA) was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous opioid μ-receptor analgesics in shortening the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) in ICU patients.MethodsRandomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of remifentanil, sufentanil, morphine, and fentanyl on the duration of MV in ICU patients were searched in Embase, Cochrane, Pubmed, and Web of Science electronic databases. The primary outcome was MV duration. The Bayesian random-effects framework was used to evaluate relative efficacy.ResultsIn total 20 studies were included in this NMA involving 3,442 patients. Remifentanil was not associated with a reduction in the duration of MV compared with fentanyl (mean difference (MD) -0.16; 95% credible interval (CrI): −4.75 ~ 5.63) and morphine (MD 3.84; 95% CrI: −0.29 ~ 10.68). The secondary outcomes showed that, compared with remifentanil, sufentanil can prolong the duration of extubation. No regimen significantly shortened the ICU length of stay and improved the ICU mortality, efficacy, safety, and drug-related adverse events.ConclusionAmong these analgesics, remifentanil did not appear to be associated with a reduction in MV duration. Clinicians should carefully titrate the analgesia of MV patients to prevent a potentially prolonged duration of MV due to excessive or inadequate analgesic therapy.Systematic Review Registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42021232604.
Causal relationship between gut microbiota and gynecological tumor: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xiong Yajun , Zhang Xiaonan , Niu Xiaoya , Zhang Long , Sheng Yanbing , Xu Aiguo 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPrevious research has established associations between alterations in gut microbiota composition and various gynecologic tumors. However, establishing a causal relationship between gut microbiota and these tumors remains necessary. This study employs a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to investigate causality, aiming to identify pathogenic bacterial communities potentially involved in gynecologic tumor development.MethodsData from the MiBioGen consortium’s Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) on gut microbiota were used as the exposure variable. Four common gynecologic neoplasms, including uterine fibroids (UF), endometrial cancer (EC), ovarian cancer (OC), and cervical cancer (CC), were selected as outcome variables. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with gut microbiota were chosen as instrumental variables (IVs). The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary MR analysis to assess the causal relationship. External validation An was conducted using an independent. Sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure robustness. Reverse MR analysis was also conducted to assess potential reverse causation.ResultsCombining discovery and validation cohorts, we found that higher relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae is associated with lower UF risk (OR: 0.882, 95% CI: 0.793-0.982, P = 0.022). Conversely, higher OC incidence is associated with increased relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae (OR: 1.329, 95% CI: 1.019–1.732, P = 0.036). Sensitivity analyses confirmed these findings’ reliability. Reverse MR analysis showed no evidence of reverse causation between UF, OC, and Lachnospiraceae.DiscussionThis study establishes a causal relationship between Lachnospiraceae relative abundance and both UF and OC. These findings provide new insights into the potential role of gut microbiota in mechanisms underlying gynecological tumors development.
Interplay between immune cells and metabolites in epilepsy: insights from a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Wang Kai , Yang Jinwei , Xu Wenhao , Wang Lei , Wang Yu 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundEpilepsy is associated with the immune system and metabolism; however, its etiology remains insufficiently understood. Here, we aim to elucidate whether circulating immune cell profiles and metabolites impact the susceptibility to epilepsy.MethodsWe used publicly available genetic data and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to establish causal relationships and mediating effects between 731 immune cells and 1,400 metabolites associated with epilepsy. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to detect heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy in the study results.ResultsMR analysis examining the relationship between immune cells, metabolites, and epilepsy revealed significant causal associations with 28 different subtypes of immune cells and 14 metabolites. Besides, the mediation effects analysis revealed that eight metabolites mediated the effects of six types of immune cells on epilepsy and that 3-hydroxyoctanoylcarnitine (2) levels exhibited the highest mediating effect, mediating 15.3% (95%CI, −0.008, −30.6%, p = 0.049) of the effect of DN (CD4−CD8−) AC on epilepsy. 1-(1-enyl-stearoyl)-2-linoleoyl-GPE (p-18:0/18:2) levels (95%CI, 0.668, 10.6%, p = 0.026) and X-12544 levels (95%CI, −15.1, −0.856%, p = 0.028) contributed 5.63 and 8%, respectively, to the causal effect of FSC-A on myeloid DC on epilepsy.ConclusionThis study revealed a significant causal link between immune cells, metabolites, and epilepsy. It remarkably enhances our understanding of the interplay between immune responses, metabolites, and epilepsy risk, providing insights into the development of therapeutic strategies from both immune and metabolic perspectives.