bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The DYMECS Project: A Statistical Approach for the Evaluation of Convective Storms in High-Resolution NWP Models
Authors: Stein Thorwald H. M. , Hogan Robin J. , Clark Peter A. , Halliwell Carol E. , Hanley Kirsty E. , Lean Humphrey W. , Nicol John C. , Plant Robert S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A new frontier in weather forecasting is emerging by operational forecast models now being run at convection-permitting resolutions at many national weather services. However, this is not a panacea; significant systematic errors remain in the character of convective storms and rainfall distributions. The Dynamical and Microphysical Evolution of Convective Storms (DYMECS) project is taking a fundamentally new approach to evaluate and improve such models: rather than relying on a limited number of cases, which may not be representative, the authors have gathered a large database of 3D storm structures on 40 convective days using the Chilbolton radar in southern England. They have related these structures to storm life cycles derived by tracking features in the rainfall from the U.K. radar network and compared them statistically to storm structures in the Met Office model, which they ran at horizontal grid length between 1.5 km and 100 m, including simulations with different subgrid mixing length. The authors also evaluated the scale and intensity of convective updrafts using a new radar technique. They find that the horizontal size of simulated convective storms and the updrafts within them is much too large at 1.5-km resolution, such that the convective mass flux of individual updrafts can be too large by an order of magnitude. The scale of precipitation cores and updrafts decreases steadily with decreasing grid lengths, as does the typical storm lifetime. The 200-m grid-length simulation with standard mixing length performs best over all diagnostics, although a greater mixing length improves the representation of deep convective storms.
Resolution Dependence of Future Tropical Cyclone Projections of CAM5.1 in the U.S. CLIVAR Hurricane Working Group Idealized Configurations
Authors: Wehner Michael , Prabhat  , Reed Kevin A. , Stone Dáithí , Collins William D. , Bacmeister Julio 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe four idealized configurations of the U.S. CLIVAR Hurricane Working Group are integrated using the global Community Atmospheric Model version 5.1 at two different horizontal resolutions, approximately 100 and 25 km. The publicly released 0.9° × 1.3° configuration is a poor predictor of the sign of the 0.23° × 0.31° model configuration’s change in the total number of tropical storms in a warmer climate. However, it does predict the sign of the higher-resolution configuration’s change in the number of intense tropical cyclones in a warmer climate. In the 0.23° × 0.31° model configuration, both increased CO2 concentrations and elevated sea surface temperature (SST) independently lower the number of weak tropical storms and shorten their average duration. Conversely, increased SST causes more intense tropical cyclones and lengthens their average duration, resulting in a greater number of intense tropical cyclone days globally. Increased SST also increased maximum tropical storm instantaneous precipitation rates across all storm intensities. It was found that while a measure of maximum potential intensity based on climatological mean quantities adequately predicts the 0.23° × 0.31° model’s forced response in its most intense simulated tropical cyclones, a related measure of cyclogenesis potential fails to predict the model’s actual cyclogenesis response to warmer SSTs. These analyses lead to two broader conclusions: 1) Projections of future tropical storm activity obtained by a direct tracking of tropical storms simulated by coarse-resolution climate models must be interpreted with caution. 2) Projections of future tropical cyclogenesis obtained from metrics of model behavior that are based solely on changes in long-term climatological fields and tuned to historical records must also be interpreted with caution.
Statistical Downscaling in the Tropics Can Be Sensitive to Reanalysis Choice: A Case Study for Precipitation in the Philippines
Authors: Manzanas R. , Brands S. , San-Martín D. , Lucero A. , Limbo C. , Gutiérrez J. M. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThis work shows that local-scale climate projections obtained by means of statistical downscaling are sensitive to the choice of reanalysis used for calibration. To this aim, a generalized linear model (GLM) approach is applied to downscale daily precipitation in the Philippines. First, the GLMs are trained and tested separately with two distinct reanalyses (ERA-Interim and JRA-25) using a cross-validation scheme over the period 1981–2000. When the observed and downscaled time series are compared, the attained performance is found to be sensitive to the reanalysis considered if climate change signal–bearing variables (temperature and/or specific humidity) are included in the predictor field. Moreover, performance differences are shown to be in correspondence with the disagreement found between the raw predictors from the two reanalyses. Second, the regression coefficients calibrated either with ERA-Interim or JRA-25 are subsequently applied to the output of a global climate model (MPI-ECHAM5) in order to assess the sensitivity of local-scale climate change projections (up to 2100) to reanalysis choice. In this case, the differences detected in present climate conditions are considerably amplified, leading to “delta-change” estimates differing by up to 35% (on average for the entire country) depending on the reanalysis used for calibration. Therefore, reanalysis choice is an important contributor to the uncertainty of local-scale climate change projections and, consequently, should be treated with as much care as other better-known sources of uncertainty (e.g., the choice of the GCM and/or downscaling method). Implications of the results for the entire tropics, as well as for the model output statistics downscaling approach are also briefly discussed.
Value of Laryngeal Electromyography in Spasmodic Dysphonia Diagnosis and Therapy
Authors: Yang Qingwen , Xu Wen , Li Yun , Cheng Liyu 
Published: February 2015

Objective: To investigate the role of laryngeal electromyography (LEMG) in the diagnosis and treatment of spasmodic dysphonia (SD). Methods: The clinical manifestations, characteristics of motor unit potentials (MUPs), recruitment potentials, and laryngeal nerve evoked potentials (EPs) in LEMG, as well as the changes after botulinum toxin (BTX) treatment, were analyzed in 39 patients with adductor SD. Results: The main clinical manifestations were a strained voice and phonation interruptions; in addition, the patients displayed hyper-adducted vocal folds during phonation. LEMG revealed significantly increased amplitudes of the thyroarytenoid muscle MUPs. The recruitment potentials were in a dense bunch, discharging full interference patterns with significantly increased amplitudes; the mean and maximum amplitude of recruitment potentials were 3090 μV and 5000 μV, respectively. The amplitude of EPs of thyroarytenoid muscle increased significantly; the mean and maximum amplitudes were 10.3 mV and 26.3 mV, respectively. After BTX was injected, the LEMG revealed denervation changes, and the EPs weakened or disappeared in the injected muscle. Conclusions: SD could be diagnosed, and the therapeutic efficacy of SD treatments could be evaluated based on clinical characteristics combined with LEMG characteristics. The increased amplitudes of the recruitment potentials and EPs of the thyroarytenoid muscle were the characteristic indexes. After BTX was injected, denervated potential characteristics appeared in the muscles.
Diabetes Management in Commercial Driver License Holders
Authors: Kerr Jessica L. , Frichtl Kelsey D. , Behnen Erin M. 
Published: February 2015

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate diabetes management in Commercial Driver License (CDL) holders, how prescribing habits change when treating this patient population, and health care providers’ knowledge of regulations concerning insulin use in CDL holders. Methods A survey was posted on the American Association of Diabetes Educators (AADE) Communities of Interest websites and was open for 2 weeks. The anonymous survey collected demographic data and evaluated the perspectives of health care providers on diabetes management in CDL holders. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey results. Results A total of 139 AADE members responded to the survey, and 22.2% were prescribing providers. Findings from the survey indicated an overall lack of knowledge by health care professionals regarding the current laws affecting diabetes management in CDL holders. Most participants emphasized the need for making decisions on CDL suspension on a case-by-case basis, and some expressed concern that current laws may not be appropriate. Conclusion Additional diabetes education for health care providers who treat CDL holders is warranted as many health care providers were not familiar with current regulations and management strategies.
Incidence and distribution of coeliac disease in Campania (Italy): 2011–2013
Authors: Zingone Fabiana , West Joe , Auricchio Renata , Maria Bevilacqua Rosa , Bile Guido , Borgheresi Patrizia , Erminia Bottiglieri Maria , Caldore Mariano , Capece Giuseppe , Cristina Caria Maria , Crudele Antonio , Cuomo Rosario , Lucia Garofano Maria , Giardullo Nicola , Gerarda Gravina Antonietta , Greco Luigi , Iannotta Patrizia , Kosova Paolo , Lamanda Roberto , Malamisura Basilio , Marmo Riccardo , Napoli Gianfranco , Nardone Gerardo , Pacelli Maria , Pascarella Filomena , Riccio Elisabetta , Riegler Gabriele , Rispo Antonio , Rocco Alba , Romano Marco , Saffiotti Ottavio , Saviano Paola , Sorrentini Italo , Speranza Pietro , Tolone Carlo , Tortora Raffaella , Troncone Riccardo , Ciacci Carolina 
Published: February 2015

BackgroundThere exists a wide variation in the reported incidence of coeliac disease in recent decades. We aimed to evaluate the incidence rate of coeliac diagnoses performed in an Italian region, Campania, between 2011 and 2013 and its variation therein.MethodsAll coeliac diagnoses made from 2011 to 2013 and registered within the Campania coeliac disease register (CeliacDB) were identified. Incidence rates were analysed by sex, age and province of residence, with a Poisson model fitted to determine incidence rate ratios.ResultsWe found 2049 coeliac disease diagnoses registered in the CeliacDB between 2011 and 2013; 1441 of these patients were female (70.4%) and 1059 were aged less than 19 years (51.7%). The overall incidence of coeliac disease in Campania was 11.8 per 100,000 person‐years (95% CI 11.3–12.3) during the study period, with marked variation by age [27.4 per 100,000 person‐years (95% CI 25.8–29.1) in children under 19 years of age and 7.3 per 100,000 (95% CI 6.8–7.8) in adults] and sex [16.1 per 100,000 person‐years in females (95% CI 15.3–16.9) and 7.2 per 100,000 person‐years in males (95% CI 6.6–7.8)]. Coeliac disease incidence was roughly similar in Naples, Salerno, Caserta and Avellino, but about half in Benevento. More than 80% of our study population was diagnosed by the combination of positive antitransglutaminase IgA and Marsh 3. More than half of the patients were symptomatic at the time of coeliac disease diagnosis (39.7% had a classical presentation and 21.1% a non‐classical one according to the Oslo definition).ConclusionsCoeliac disease incidence was roughly similar among Campania provinces, except in Benevento where it was about half, probably due to less awareness of coeliac disease in this area. The incidence of coeliac disease in Campania appears to be lower than that reported by most of the previous literature, suggesting the necessity of new coeliac awareness programmes.
Emerging indications of endoscopic radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Becq Aymeric , Camus Marine , Rahmi Gabriel , de Parades Vincent , Marteau Philippe , Dray Xavier 
Published: February 2015

IntroductionRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a well‐validated treatment of dysplastic Barrett's esophagus. Other indications of endoscopic RFA are under evaluation.ResultsFour prospective studies (total 69 patients) have shown that RFA achieved complete remission of early esophageal squamous intra‐epithelial neoplasia at a rate of 80%, but with a substantial risk of stricture. In the setting of gastric antral vascular ectasia, two prospective monocenter studies, and a retrospective multicenter study, (total 51 patients), suggest that RFA is efficacious in terms of reducing transfusion dependency. In the setting of chronic hemorrhagic radiation proctopathy, a prospective monocenter study and a retrospective multicenter study (total 56 patients) suggest that RFA is an efficient treatment. A retrospective comparative study (64 patients) suggests that RFA improves stents patency in malignant biliary strictures.ConclusionsEndoscopic RFA is an upcoming treatment modality in early esophageal squamous intra‐epithelial neoplasia, as well as in gastric, rectal, and biliary diseases.
Endogenous plasminogen activators mediate progressive intracerebral hemorrhage after traumatic brain injury in mice
Authors: Hijazi Nuha , Abu Fanne Rami , Abramovitch Rinat , Yarovoi Serge , Higazi Muhamed , Abdeen Suhair , Basheer Maamon , Maraga Emad , Cines Douglas B. , Al-Roof Higazi Abd 
Published: February 2015

Key PointsClosed head trauma sequentially releases tPA followed by uPA from injured brain. Increased uPA is responsible for delayed intracerebral hemorrhage, which is prevented by a tPA variant that inhibits uPA activity.
Influence of semiconductor and metal nanoparticles on the dielectric properties of ionic matrix cadmium octanoate
Authors: Zhulai Dmytro , Fedorenko Denys , Kovalchuk Alexander , Bugaychuk Svetlana , Klimusheva Gertruda Vasylivna , Mirnaya Tetyana Alfredivna 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Dielectric properties of ionic composites consisted of cadmium octanoate matrix and semiconductor or metal nanoparticles have been investigated. The nanoparticles of different nature (semiconductor CdS, metal Au, and metal core-semiconductor shell Au-CdS) were chemically synthesized in the smectic A phase of (Cd+2(C7H15COO)−2, CdC8) that was used as a nanoreactor. These nanocomposites are very stable and well ordered; the size and shape of the nanoparticles (NPs) are well controlled during the synthesis. The main aim of the research was to examine the influence of nanoparticles on the dielectric properties of ionic matrix, which has smectic A ordered structure. Electrical characteristics were investigated at different temperatures, which correspond to different phases of the material. The conductivity of nanocomposites has an activation nature. The electrical conductivity anisotropy confirms the structural anisotropy of the nanocomposites. The conductivity of the nanocomposite along the cation-anion layers is higher by 2 orders of magnitude than that across the cation-anion layers. Basing on the experimental data, we proposed the simple model of the charge carriage process.
Can yeast isolation be predicted in complicated secondary non-postoperative intra-abdominal infections?
Authors: Dupont Hervé , Guilbart Mathieu , Ntouba Alexandre , Perquin Mélanie , Petiot Sandra , Regimbeau Jean-Marc , Chouaki Taieb , Mahjoub Yazine , Zogheib Elie 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to create a predictive score for yeast isolation in patients with complicated non-postoperative intra-abdominal infections (CNPIAI) and to evaluate the impact of yeast isolation on outcome.MethodsAll patients with a CNPIAI undergoing emergency surgery over a three-year period were included in the retrospective cohort (RC, n = 290). Patients with a yeast-positive peritoneal fluid culture (YP) were compared with patients with a yeast-negative culture (YN). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with yeast isolation and a predictive score was built. The score’s performance was then established in the prospective cohort (PC, n = 152) over an 18-month period. Outcome of the whole cohort was evaluated and independent risks factors of mortality searched.ResultsIn the RC, 39 patients (13.4%) were YP. Four factors were independently associated with the YP group: length of stay before surgery ≥48 h (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) = 3.1 (1.4 to 6.9),P = 0.004, 1 point), per-operative cardiovascular failure (2.4 (1.1 to 5.8),P = 0.04, 1 point), generalized peritonitis (6.8 (2.7 to 16.7),P<0.001, 2 points) and upper gastrointestinal tract perforation (2.5 (1.2 to 5.6),P = 0.02, 1 point). In the PC, the area under the curve (95%CI) of the predictive score’s receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.79 (0.72 to 0.86). For predicting an intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC), a score ≥3 had a sensitivity of 0.60, a specificity of 0.84, a positive predictive value of 0.49 and a negative predictive value of 0.89. Furthermore, yeast isolation was associated with worse outcome and independently associated with mortality in the whole cohort (OR = 2.15; 95%CI (1.03 to 4.46),P = 0.04).ConclusionsThe new predictive score can be used to rule out intra-abdominal candidiasis and thus avoid the initiation of antifungal treatment. It is suited to less severe infections than previously published scores. IAC is associated independently with an increased mortality in this population.
Comparison of false positive rates for screening breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in high risk women performed on stacked versus alternating schedules
Authors: Othman Edress , Wang Jue , Sprague Brian L , Rounds Tiffany , Ji YongLi , Herschorn Sally D , Wood Marie E 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Purpose
Breast MRI added to mammography increases screening sensitivity for high-risk women but false-positive (FP) rates are higher and the optimal screening schedule for coordination with mammography is unclear. We compare rates of FP MRI when studies were performed on two different schedules.

Patients and methods
High-risk women at the University of Vermont who had at least 1 MRI and 1 mammogram performed within one year between 2004–2012 were eligible for inclusion in this study. Screening was considered stacked if both studies were performed within 90 days and alternating if studies were 4–8 months apart. False positive was defined in one of three ways.

Results
137 women had screening which met inclusion criteria and 371 MRIs were reviewed. The FP rates were similar for the two schedules when considering BI-RAD 4, 5, 0 or biopsy as a positive test. FP rates were significantly higher for the stacked schedule (18.2 vs. 10.2%, p = 0.026) when considering BI-RADS 3-4-5-0 as positive test, due to the elevated rate of BI-RADS 3 assessments among stacked exams.

Conclusion
False positive rates differ based on the type of exam (baseline or subsequent) and definition of positive but do not differ based on imaging schedule (stacked or alternating); suggesting that women and their providers may choose the imaging schedule they prefer. This is significant as a randomized clinical trial comparing the two schedules is not likely to be performed, given the high cost and large number of women needed for such a study.
Effects of cold-treatment and strain-rate on mechanical properties of NbTi/Cu superconducting composite wires
Authors: Guan Mingzhi , Wang Xingzhe , Zhou Youhe 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
During design and winding of superconducting magnets at room temperature, a pre-tension under different rate is always applied to improve the mechanical stability of the magnets. However, an inconsistency rises for superconductors usually being sensitive to strain and oversized pre-stress which results in degradation of the superconducting composites’ critical performance at low temperature. The present study focused on the effects of the cold-treatment and strain-rate of tension deformation on mechanical properties of NbTi/Cu superconducting composite wires. The samples were immersed in a liquid nitrogen (LN2) cryostat for the adiabatic cold-treatment, respectively with 18-hour, 20-hour, 22-hour and 24-hour. A universal testing machine was utilized for tension tests of the NbTi/Cu superconducting composite wires at room temperature; a small-scale extensometer was used to measure strain of samples with variable strain-rate. The strength, elongation at fracture and yield strength of pre-cold-treatment NbTi/Cu composite wires were drawn. It was shown that, the mechanical properties of the superconducting wires are linearly dependent on the holding time of cold-treatment at lower tensile strain-rate, while they exhibit notable nonlinear features at higher strain-rate. The cold-treatment in advance and the strain-rate of pre-tension demonstrate remarkable influences on the mechanical property of the superconducting composite wires.
PNPLA3 I148M associations with liver carcinogenesis in Japanese chronic hepatitis C patients
Authors: Nakaoka Kazunori , Hashimoto Senju , Kawabe Naoto , Nitta Yoshifumi , Murao Michihito , Nakano Takuji , Shimazaki Hiroaki , Kan Toshiki , Takagawa Yuka , Ohki Masashi , Kurashita Takamitsu , Takamura Tomoki , Nishikawa Toru , Ichino Naohiro , Osakabe Keisuke , Yoshioka Kentaro 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Aim
To investigate associations between patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) genotypes and fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis in Japanese chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.

Methods
Two hundred and thirty-one patients with CHC were examined for PNPLA3 genotypes, liver stiffness measurements (LSM), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from May 2010 to October 2012 at Fujita Health University Hospital. The rs738409 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) encoding for a functional PNPLA3 I148M protein variant was genotyped using a TaqMan predesigned SNP genotyping assay. LSM was determined as the velocity of a shear wave (Vs) with an acoustic radiation force impulse. Vs cut-off values for cirrhosis were set at 1.55 m/s. We excluded CHC patients with a sustained virological response or relapse after interferon treatment.

Results
PNPLA3 genotypes were CC, CG, and GG for 118, 72, and 41 patients, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis selected older age (OR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03–1.09; p < 0.0001), higher body mass index (BMI) (OR= 1.12; 95% CI: 1.03–1.22; p = 0.0082), and PNPLA3 genotype GG (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 0.97–4.42; p = 0.0599) as the factors independently associated with cirrhosis. When 137 patients without past history of interferon treatment were separately assessed, multivariable logistic regression analysis selected older age (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.02–1.09; p = 0.0034), and PNPLA3 genotype GG (OR = 3.35; 95% CI: 1.13–9.91; p = 0.0291) as the factors independently associated with cirrhosis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis selected older age (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.07–1.17; p < 0.0001), PNPLA3 genotype GG (OR = 2.62; 95% CI: 1.15–5.96; p = 0.0218), and male gender (OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 0.90–3.71); p = 0.0936) as the factors independently associated with HCC.

Conclusion
PNPLA3 genotype I148M is one of risk factors for developing HCC in Japanese CHC patients, and is one of risk factors for progress to cirrhosis in the patients without past history of interferon treatment.
Edges of water and land: Transnational performance practices in indigenous/settler collaborations
Authors: Kuppers Petra 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This essay engages collaborative art projects in a field of settler/indigenous relations: drumming and performances of self at a Michigan language revitalization symposium, Native Women Language Keepers; Anishinaabe artist Rebecca Belmore’s iconic video performance work at the Canadian pavilion of the Venice Biennial; and the Australian community cultural development project Ghost Nets, which emphasizes relationships while cleaning up fishing debris off beaches. The essay argues for reading strategies that acknowledge relational living, in the flow of history, speaking from webs of more than one voice, and attending to gaps.