bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Recycled Asphalt and Rejuvenated Recycled Asphalt on Mechanical Performance and Chemical Makeup of Asphalt Binder
Authors: Gowda Sachin , Kumar Pramod , Niranjan A S , Gupta Aakash , Kavitha G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This study aims to clarify the relation between the mechanical behaviour of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) binder, using DSR (dynamic shear rheometer) parameters like phase angle and complex modulus, and other physical parameters like penetration, softening point, viscosity, and chemical characteristics. The study looked at virgin viscosity grade VG40, RAP binder, and various VG40 + RAP + rejuvenators binder combinations. The functional groups were evaluated using infrared spectroscopy with a Fourier transform (FTIR). With an increase in RAP percentage, the aging parameters ICO, ISO, and ICC were also found to be increased; they fell with the addition of a rejuvenator. Whereas ICH increased when the rejuvenator was added and decreased when the RAP proportion increased. There was no discernible trend for CH/OH with and without a rejuvenator. The index parameters ISO, ICO, ICH, & ICC were closely related to the mechanical behaviour of the blend. This study contributes to a better advance of the link between both the physical and chemical characteristics of RAP-rejuvenated binders. It may be helpful to consider how mixing applies to different mechanical and chemical factors while designing RAP-rejuvenated mixtures.
Analysis of Rutting Behaviour of Recycled Asphalt Binder and Rejuvenated Recycled Asphalt Binder by Multiple Stress Creep Recovery (MSCR) Test
Authors: Gowda Sachin , Niranjan A S , Gupta Aakash , Kavitha G 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Due to its environmental and economic advantages, recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) is increasingly used in pavement construction. However, incorporating RAP into asphalt mixtures poses several challenges, primarily related to altering the rheological properties of the resulting asphalt binder. The small oscillatory shear test provides valuable insights into the viscoelastic characteristics of asphalt binders, which are crucial for determining whether the modified binders are suitable for pavement construction. RAP-modified asphalt binders' rheological properties significantly impact pavement structures' performance, including resistance to rutting, fatigue life, and crack resistance. Various rheological parameters of bitumen, such as complex modulus, phase angle, rate of recovery, and fatigue life, are utilized to predict the performance of modified bitumen. In our study, we employed a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) to conduct performance grading (PG) tests and multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) tests on VG40 virgin asphalt and RAP-modified binder at dosages of 35% and 50% for both RTFO-aged and unaged conditions at 60°C. A commercially available rejuvenator was used to address the stiffness of RAP-modified binders. We calculated MSCR parameters, including percentage recovery, non-recoverable creep compliance, and their percentage difference at stress levels of 0.1 kPa and 3.2 kPa, respectively. The results indicate a better recovery rate for RAP-modified and aged binders, suggesting improved resistance to rutting and enhanced performance under design traffic loading (ESAL). This study underscores the impact of rejuvenator oil on RAP-modified binders as pavement materials and explores the potential for using higher RAP dosages.
Removal of phenol from aqueous solution using montmorillonite-Fe3O4-humic acid (MFH) nanocomposite
Authors: Rodrigues Aaron , Meera V , Vinod P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Phenol is a highly toxic pollutant commonly found in industrial wastewater. Its removal is crucial to protect the environment and human health. Various methods are available for phenol removal, but adsorption is the most widely used and effective approach. Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NP) have emerged as a promising adsorbent due to their cost-effectiveness, high surface area, and exceptional adsorption capabilities. However, its small size can lead to issues such as oxidation, aggregation, and difficulty in separation. This study introduces a new approach for phenol removal using a montmorillonite-Fe3O4-humic acid (MFH) nanocomposite. The synthesis of the MFH nanocomposite involved dispersing Fe3O4 nanoparticles onto montmorillonite clay and coating the surface with humic acid to enhance stability and adsorption efficiency. The prepared MFH nanocomposite was thoroughly characterized to find the morphology, composition and functional group. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the presence of Fe-O, O-Si and C=O vibrations which confirmed the successful formation of the nanocomposite. The average crystal size of the synthesized nanoparticles is obtained from XRD analysis as 10.99 nm. The Fe3O4: montmorillonite ratio was found to influence the adsorption performance, with a Fe3O4:montmorillonite ratio of 1:4 exhibiting the highest removal efficiency. Batch experiments were performed to assess the phenol removal effectiveness of the MFH nanocomposite. At optimum operating conditions of pH 4 and contact time 150 minutes, the phenol removal efficiency was found to decrease from 98% to 87% when the concentration of phenol in influent increased from 10 to 100 mg/L. The adsorption kinetics of phenol on MFH followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating a chemisorption process with strong correlation and agreement between experimental and predicted results. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models both provided suitable descriptions of the adsorption behaviour. The maximum adsorption capacity (qm) was determined to be 11.14 mg/g. The presence of carbonyl groups(C=O), Hydroxyl groups (-OH) and silanol groups (Si-O) in MFH offers a significant advantage for enhancing the removal efficiency of phenol. The phenol sorption capacity of MFH nanocomposites was found to be significantly greater compared to that of magnetite. The results showed that the developed MFH nanocomposite offers a promising solution for the efficient removal of phenol from wastewater.
A Comparative Study of the Applications and Prospects of Self-healing Concrete / Biocrete and Self-Sensing Concrete
Authors: Sharma Shashikant Nishant , Prajapati Raghav , Jaiswal Anuj , Dehalwar Kavita 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background: Due to advances in biotechnology and the material sciences in the last decade, we have developed some smart and innovative materials that can be developed further to benefit humanity. One of them is the self-healing concrete which could be hyper-porous - holding water like a sponge and which can be used for making our building eco-friendly by using the green walls and green roofs concept. This self-healing concrete composed of 90% recycled material. On the other hand, there is self-sensing concrete (pressure-sensitive or piezoresistive concrete) which has been developed by mixing functional fillers like-carbon fibres, carbon nanotubes, nickel powder, steel fibres, etc. into concrete to enhance its capacity to sense stress, strain, cracking or damage and even improving mechanical properties which can be used further for converting the footfalls into electricity and developing self-sensing building to act as a warning system for the residents in event of any natural or man-made calamities.
Methods: We have used the systematic literature study to find the latest developments in the field of material science regarding these two materials under discussion. This will focus more on the recent research and wider applications by encouraging more research and adaptation. Findings: This research paper will delve into depth to find more interesting aspects of the new innovative materials and study the comparatively different aspects like applicability, uses, manufacturing process, cost of construction, time of setting, environmental benefits and economic benefits that humanity can gain by adopting this in construction of buildings. Results: This research will help policymakers to look for more comprehensive uses in future. Conclusions: The findings of the research paper will help in the adoption and further research in the field of biocrete and self-sensing concrete which can be applied in the field of construction and other allied fields for the future.
Effect of aggregate gradation variation on mechanical properties of bitumen concrete.
Authors: Nazir Ubaid , Singh Sandeep 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
This India boasts one of the world’s largest road networks, predominantly comprised of macadamized pavement-based highways featuring a thin bituminous layer. Aggregate materials make up over 90% of the hot mixed asphalt (HMA) used in these roadways. Bituminous Asphalt (BA) is commonly used as the top layer to distribute loads and protect weaker foundational surfaces from water damage, meeting strict MORTH classification standards. This study focused on Bituminous Concrete (BC) with grading II. Three aggregate gradation ranges (upper, middle, lower) were employed using the Marshall Method of mix design to evaluate the bituminous mixes. Marshall Stability values were compared among the different gradations. The mixes with median particle size distribution exhibited higher Marshall Stability values than others. Moreover, as particle size decreased, the optimal binding material content increased for each grading standard. Notably, BC II mixes within the middle limit range achieved the highest TSR% (94.70), while upper and lower limits recorded values of 88.11% and 92.78%, respectively. This research demonstrates the importance of aggregate gradation in BC II bituminous mixes for road construction. Median particle size distribution enhances stability, and as granularity decreases, binding material content should be adjusted accordingly. BC II mixes in the middle gradation range exhibited superior resistance to moisture-induced damage, underlining the significance of appropriate grading in road design.
Traffic Congestion at Urban Road - Review
Authors: Thakre Yashaswi K , Pawade Prashant Y 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
One of the most obvious, ubiquitous, and urgent transportation issues that most cities throughout the world, including those in India, deal with on a daily basis is traffic congestion. All forms of mobility, particularly the roadways, are impacted, as well as all socioeconomic classes. Some of the main reasons of congestion are rapid population expansion, increased urbanization, bad public transportation systems, inadequate/unplanned transportation infrastructure, and an increase in the number of personnel vehicles. The results from research based on clogged roads are reviewed in this article. Numerous metrics to gauge traffic congestion have been considered. These matrices were divided into three categories: level of service, speed, and travel time. Additionally, methods for gathering data on congestion used in various researches have been reviewed. According to the study’s conclusions, major factors in reducing congestion include better traffic management and control, better public transportation, increased investment for transportation infrastructure, the use of contemporary technology, and a general alignment of transportation and land-use policy.
Increasing the Bearing Strength of Base Layer (WBM Roads) by Using Plastic Cells and Analysis Through Staad Pro
Authors: Bandaru Mary Devika , Bokka Durga vara prasad , Kyle Suseela , Sarma V V S , Rohith P 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Water-Bound Macadam (WBM) roads often grapple with limited traffic capacity and a shortened lifespan due to their inherent structural weaknesses, particularly when subjected to mixed traffic conditions. In response to these challenges, this research introduces a novel solution by incorporating plastic cells made from recycled PET bottles into the road’s foundational base course during construction. This innovative addition serves as a transformative enhancement, significantly bolstering the road’s strength and extending its longevity. To ensure the road’s structural integrity under load-bearing conditions, the study employs a dual approach, connecting two plastic cells through both plastic strips and rivet joints. Remarkably, our investigation underscores the superior robustness of the riveted connection method over its strip counterpart. Soil testing, conducted in accordance with IRC 28-1967 standards, provides a comprehensive comparison between specimens containing plastic cells and traditionally constructed roads, facilitating a straightforward assessment of their respective properties. This research adheres to established methodologies, tests, and requirements to fortify the durability of water-bound macadam (WBM) roads through the incorporation of plastic cells into the base course. Rigorous structural analyses conducted using Staad Pro ensure these innovations can withstand diverse loads, further substantiating their efficacy. Our overarching goal is to bolster the region’s infrastructure by enhancing road strength and load-bearing capacity through the integration of thoroughly tested materials, surpassing the performance of conventional roads. This study represents a significant stride towards achieving enduring and resilient road construction practices.
Influence of Flyash Filler on Cold Bitumen Emulsion Mix Properties
Authors: Prasad Deepak , Suman Sanjeev Kumar , Singh Bhupendra 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Application of Cold bituminous emulsion mix (CBEM) for the construction and maintenance of bituminous roads can offer several benefits toward environment and economic aspects over conventional hot mix asphalt due to its production at ambient temperature. However, its application is limited due to its lower early strength, which further affects its durability. To address these issues, many researchers have suggested to use fillers to improve the characteristics of CBEM. The present study utilized flyash as partial replacement of conventional filler, stone dust (SD) to modify the CBEM. This study is mainly aimed to examine the effect of flyash as a filler on the strength characteristics and moisture susceptibility of CBEM. The CBEM prepared by 100% SD as filler was considered as the control CBEM. The flyash modified CBEM was prepared by replacing SD with flyash at 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the total weight of the filler. For further improvement curing was applied by keeping prepared specimens in oven at 40 °C for 1, 3 and 7 days before performing any tests. The Marshall stability and indirect tensile strength (ITS) were evaluated to analyze the strength characteristics of CBEM. The moisture susceptibility of CBEM was analyzed by evaluating retained stability and tensile strength ratio (TSR) tests. The results of these tests were compared to the control CBEM sample, and it was found that the inclusion of flyash improved the characteristics of CBEM. In addition, these properties were found to be further improved by increasing curing intervals. Based on the results, it was observed that 60 % flyash replacement meet the requirements after three days of curing.
A Traffic Volume Study for Efficient Roundabout Planning
Authors: Varhokar Anuj A , Wadhai P. J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Roundabouts are intersections of two or more roads with one-way circulating streets that give oncoming traffic priority. Traffic signs control the approaching traffic, which is only allowed to turn left onto the circulating headway. Upon approaching the yield line, the driver must only decide whether there is enough room for them to enter the gap in the moving traffic. The vehicles then effortlessly turn left and leave the circulating route to travel to their final destination. Signal-controlled intersections cause traffic to build up on both sides of the road, whereas roundabout-controlled intersections allow for a smooth flow of vehicles per hour. Due to stops and collisions, traffic signals cause traffic to build up on either side of the signal, causing basic wear and tear. Additionally, fuel is wasted while waiting for the light to turn green. In this paper, the planning of roundabouts will be briefly discussed at Teenbatti junction using the traffic volume study as per IRC recommendations and suggest the necessary measures that needed to be taken immediately to avoid the issue of queuing at Walkeshwar Road due to turning movement of vehicles from Malabar hill to Grant road. The main objective of the study is to address the issue of traffic congestion and queuing at Teenbatti junction by introducing roundabout. It has been concluded that the installation of roundabout and the measures discussed to counteract the various traffic related issues minimizes the traffic congestion as it avails free flow in circular motion to leave the rotary.
Prediction of Soil Compression Index using SVM and kNN
Authors: Akshaya R , Premalatha K 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Soil is used both as a building material and as the surface on which construction is carried out hence this demonstrates how important soil is as a material. Therefore, it is vital to evaluate the soil’s characteristics, such as its strength and settlement, before any construction is built on the soil. The most crucial factor that must be established in order to compute soil settlement is compression index, which can be obtained through a laboratory oedometer consolidation test. Numerous empirical correlations were created because the oedometer test is challenging and takes time for determining this parameter. With the development of technology, it has become much simpler to forecast the compression index parameter using a variety of other easy-to-find soil parameters. In this study, the prediction of the compression index has been attempted utilizing machine learning methods such as support vector machines and k-nearest neighbors. In order to forecast the output parameter, compression index, machine learning models use soil index qualities including liquid limit, plasticity index, natural moisture content, and void ratio as the input parameter. There are 359 total data used for analysis from data acquired from various studies. Typically, machine learning models divide the data into training and testing datasets in order to train the model and forecast its performance. As a result, different ratios of data splitting are also utilized when developing the machine learning model. Using measures like mean square error, mean absolute error and correlation coefficient, the model’s performance is assessed. Additionally, this paper also examines the impact of the model-creating parameters.
Air quality assessment using spatial interpolation techniques for Kanpur city, India.
Authors: Yadav Varun , Ganguly Rajiv 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Air pollution is a significant concern for urban areas, particularly in industrial cities like Kanpur located in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. The proposed study aims to present the findings of an assessment conducted to determine ambient air pollution during summer season for Kanpur City using the Geospatial techniques. In this context, two spatial interpolation techniques namely Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Kriging were used for the analysis. The pollutant selected for the assessment was particulate matter (PM10) since it is responsible for the poor air quality in the city. Monitored Data for the pollutant were collected from different monitoring stations located across the city. Since, these monitoring locations are located at far apart distances, they fail to provide any spatial representation of the monitored pollutants, and it is in this context that spatial interpolation techniques were used for representing the air quality over the entire city. The study period selected varies from March to May 2017, representing the summer season and when dispersion characteristics of air pollutants are high. The selected interpolation techniques were used to generate spatial distribution maps of air pollution concentrations. The study aims that by using these spatial interpolation techniques a comprehensive and accurate representation of the ambient air pollution existing within the Kanpur city perimeter will be represented. Further, the suitability of the two spatial interpolation techniques used will be discussed in greater details. The maps generated through these analyses provide crucial insights into the spatial distribution and potential hotspots of air pollution within Kanpur during the summer season. The findings of this study will have significant implications for urban planning, environmental management and public health in Kanpur. It was inferred from the study that the concentration of PM was significantly higher in areas with heavy traffic and industrial activities.
Wintertime Meteorological Influence on Coarse and Fine Particulate Matter at Mesra, Ranchi – Jharkhand India
Authors: Dhandapani Abisheg , Iqbal Jawed , Naresh Kumar R 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The present study primarily focuses on comprehending the meteorological influence on Particulate Matter (PM) of different sizes, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0, at a regional site of carbonaceous aerosol emissions, source Apportionment, and climate impacts (COALESCE) network site in Mesra, Ranchi. PM10 mean concentration was 120.53 μg m−3, and PM2.5 was 98.36 μg m−3, exceeding the daily limit of 100 μg m−3 and 60 μg m−3 prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). It is the first report of PM1.0 mean concentration (44.66 μg m−3) for this region. Meteorological parameters such as dry relative humidity (Mean = 71.30%), lower temperatures (Mean = 15.92°C), and lower planet boundary layer during winter enhance the particle phase partitioning. In addition, the wind was predominantly from the Southwest (SW) direction, where brick kiln manufacturing is located, carrying particles to the site. PM10 and PM1 had a strong correlation (r2 = 0.92), suggesting that the particles that form in the coagulation mode (PM1) come mainly from the combustible sources and the coarse mode PM10 largely comes from the non-combustible sources might have a possible chemical relationship. However, a detailed source apportionment study can suggest the potential sources and causes for the elevated concentration.
An Overview of Treatment Approaches for Handling of Common Effluent Treatment Plant’s Sludge
Authors: Kumari Sapna , Ahmad Kafeel , Khan Zahid A. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The common effluent treatment plant (CETP) receives untreated effluent generated from different types of industries for their treatment. During treatment, the sludge is separated in a clarifier and sent for consolidation in a dewatering unit (filter press, centrifuge, or sludge drying beds). This consolidated sludge contains organic/inorganic compounds, heavy metals, and other toxic or hazardous materials. The direct disposal of untreated sludge may cause contamination of soil, groundwater and may also adversely affect the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to handle this contaminated sludge to avoid its harmful impacts on soil, groundwater, and the environment. The present study reviews various sludge handling approaches used in CETPs, their advantages, applications, limitations, effectiveness, cost efficiency, and environmental impacts associated with them. It includes mechanical (consolidation or dewatering processes), various thermal (incineration, thermal plasma gasification, pyrolysis), and biological treatment (composting, vermicomposting, and anaerobic digestion) processes of sludge treatment/handling. The results shows that the CETP’s toxic sludge can be well treated by the thermal plasma gasification technique because this technique has many advantages, such as fewer emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), producing syngas (electricity generation), minimising ash generation, cost effective, etc., as compared to other techniques. The concluding remarks of the present study state that the suitability of the sludge handling approach depends on the characteristics and composition of the consolidated sludge.