bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment with melatonin after onset of experimental uveitis attenuates ocular inflammation
Authors: Sande P H , Dorfman D , Fernandez D C , Chianelli M , Domínguez Rubio A P , Franchi A M , Silberman D M , Rosenstein R E , Sáenz D A 
Published: August 2014

Background and PurposeUveitis is a prevalent intraocular inflammatory disease and one of the most damaging ocular conditions. Pretreatment with melatonin prevented ocular inflammation induced by an intravitreal injection of bacterial LPS in the Syrian hamster. Here, we have assessed the anti‐inflammatory effects of melatonin administered after the onset of ocular inflammation.Experimental ApproachThe eyes of male Syrian hamsters were intravitreally injected with vehicle or LPS. Melatonin was injected i.p. every 24 h, starting 12 or 24 h after the LPS injection. A clinical evaluation (with a score index based on clinical symptoms), the number of infiltrating cells, protein concentration and PGE2 and PGF2α levels in the aqueous humour, as well as retinal NOS activity, lipid peroxidation and TNF‐α levels were assessed. Retinal function was assessed by scotopic electroretinography, and light microscopy and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the state of the retinal structure.Key ResultsBoth treatment regimens with melatonin decreased clinical symptoms, reduced the leakage of cells and proteins, and decreased PG levels in aqueous humour from eyes injected with LPS. In addition, melatonin treatment blocked the decrease in scotopic electroretinogram a‐ and b‐wave amplitude, protected the retinal structure and reduced the increase in NOS activity, lipid peroxidation and TNF‐α levels, induced by LPS.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese results indicate that treatment with melatonin, starting after the onset of uveitis, attenuated ocular inflammation induced by LPS in the Syrian hamster and support the use of melatonin as a therapeutic resource for uveitis treatment.
Routine assessment of psychosocial problems after cancer genetic counseling: results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Eijzenga W. , Bleiker E.M.A. , Ausems M.G.E.M. , Sidharta G.N. , Van der Kolk L.E. , Velthuizen M.E. , Hahn D.E.E. , Aaronson N.K. 
Published: August 2014

Approximately 70% of counselees undergoing cancer genetic counseling and testing (CGCT) experience some degree of CGCT‐related psychosocial problems. We evaluated the efficacy of an intervention designed to increase detection and management of problems 4 weeks after completion of CGCT. In this randomized, controlled trial, 118 participants completed a CGCT‐related problem questionnaire prior to an – audiotaped – telephone session with their counselor 1 month after DNA‐test disclosure. For those randomized to the intervention group (n = 63), a summary of the questionnaire results was provided to the counselor prior to the telephone session. Primary outcomes were discussion of the problems, counselors' awareness of problems, and problem management. Secondary outcomes included self‐reported distress, cancer worries, CGCT‐related problems, and satisfaction. Counselors who received a summary of the questionnaire were more aware of counselees' problems in only one psychosocial domain (practical issues). No significant differences in the number of problems discussed, in problem management, or on any of the secondary outcomes were observed. The prevalence of problems was generally low. The telephone session, combined with feedback on psychosocial problems, has minimal impact. The low prevalence of psychosocial problems 1 month post‐CGCT recommends against its use as a routine extension of the CGCT procedure.
Higher Order Ray Marching
Authors: Muñoz Adolfo 
Published: August 2014

AbstractRendering participating media is still a challenging and time consuming task. In such media light interacts at every differential point of its path. Several rendering algorithms are based on ray marching: dividing the path of light into segments and calculating interactions at each of them. In this work, we revisit and analyze ray marching both as a quadrature integrator and as an initial value problem solver, and apply higher order adaptive solvers that ensure several interesting properties, such as faster convergence, adaptiveness to the mathematical definition of light transport and robustness to singularities. We compare several numerical methods, including standard ray marching and Monte Carlo integration, and illustrate the benefits of different solvers for a variety of scenes. Any participating media rendering algorithm that is based on ray marching may benefit from the application of our approach by reducing the number of needed samples (and therefore, rendering time) and increasing accuracy.
The falling incidence of hematologic cancer after heart transplantation
Authors: Crespo‐Leiro M. G. , Delgado‐Jiménez J. , López L. , Alonso‐Pulpón L. , González‐Vilchez F. , Almenar‐Bonet L. , Rábago G. , Pérez‐Villa F. , Paniagua Martín M. J. , Arizón del Prado J. M. , Sousa‐Casasnovas I. , Manito‐Lorite N. , Díaz‐Molina B. , Pascual‐Figal D. , Lage‐Galle E. , Blasco‐Peiró T. , De la Fuente‐Galán L. , Muñiz J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundA number of changes in the management of heart transplantation (HT) patients have each tended to reduce the risk of post‐HT hematologic cancer, but little information is available concerning the overall effect on incidence in the HT population.MethodsComparison of data from the Spanish Post‐Heart‐Transplantation Tumour Registry for the periods 1991–2000 and 2001–2010.ResultsThe incidence among patients who underwent HT in the latter period was about half that observed in the former, with a particularly marked improvement in regard to incidence more than five yr post‐HT.ConclusionsChanges in HT patient management have jointly reduced the risk of hematologic cancer in the Spanish HT population. Long‐term risk appears to have benefited more than short‐term risk.
Embolization of an Atrial Septal Occluder Device in the Mitral Valve Apparatus
Authors: Tamene Ashenafi , Gezahegn Selome , Coumbe Ann , Madhusoodanan Kozhuvattasseri , Missov Emil 
Published: August 2014

Mini‐AbstractOstium secundum atrial septal defect is a common congenital anomaly. Treatment is indicated in patients with hemodynamically significant shunt and right ventricular failure. The Amplatzer septal occluder is one of the most commonly used devices for percutaneous closure of this type of defects. Embolization of the device to the systemic circulation is a rare but serious complication. We present a case of fatal embolization and entrapment of an Amplatzer atrial septal occluder device in the mitral valve apparatus in an elderly woman 4 days after implantation.
A Case of Carcinoid Heart Disease with Desaturation and No Liver Metastases
Authors: Requilé Annelies , Van De Bruaene Alexander , Reenaers Veerle , Dendale Paul 
Published: August 2014

Mini‐AbstractIn 95% of cases of carcinoid heart disease, the primary tumor is located in the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic inactivation of serotonin prevent symptoms from occurring until liver metastases are present. Ovarian carcinoid tumors are an unusual cause of carcinoid heart disease in the absence of liver metastases. Rarely, carcinoid heart disease is associated with desaturation due to right‐to‐left shunting through a patent foramen ovale. We present the case of a 64‐year‐old female with carcinoid heart disease without liver metastases and hypoxemia due to right‐to‐left shunting.
Effect of larval brain extracts derived from three swallowtail butterflies, Papilio helenus L., P. machaon L. and P. memnon L., on seasonal morph development of P. xuthus L. (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae)
Authors: Yamanaka Akira , Morioka Ritsu , Kinugasa Masahiro , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Fuchigami Soichiro , Kawasaki Shuhei , Kitazawa Chisato 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAdults of the three papilionid butterflies, Papilio helenus L., Papilio machaon L. and Papilio memnon L., exhibit seasonal diphenism comprising spring and summer morphs. To elucidate the physiological mechanism underlying seasonal morph development in papilionid butterflies, we investigated whether a cerebral factor showing summer‐morph‐producing hormone (SMPH) activity is present in the brain of three Papilio species using an assay system with chilled male short‐day pupae of P. xuthus L. When 2% NaCl extracts derived from 20 larval brains of the three species were injected into abdomens of chilled male short‐day pupae of P. xuthus, all recipients destined to develop into spring‐morph adults developed into summer‐ and intermediate‐morph adults. On the other hand, all recipients injected with distilled water as a control developed into spring‐morph adults. These results indicate that a cerebral factor showing SMPH activity is present in the larval brain of the three Papilio species. Additionally, all recipients injected with 2% NaCl extracts derived from 20 adult brains of Bombyx mori L. also developed into summer‐ and intermediate‐morph adults. The results revealed that SMPH or a cerebral factor showing SMPH activity is widely distributed among lepidopteran insects.
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Drought/Tropical Cyclone Co‐occurrence in the Southeastern USA: Linkages to North Atlantic Climate Variability
Authors: Ortegren Jason T. , Maxwell Justin T. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractDroughts and landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs; tropical depressions, tropical storms, and hurricanes) are important features of the hydroclimate of the southeastern USA at seasonal, interannual, and interdecadal scales. The societal impacts and climatological aspects of both droughts and Atlantic TCs have been widely addressed in the scientific literature. However, in general, previous research has assessed the two phenomena separately. Recently, the spatiotemporal patterns and hydroclimatic impacts of drought amelioration by landfalling TCs have been analyzed for the southeastern USA, as well as the large‐scale dynamic forcing mechanisms that enhance or suppress drought‐TC co‐occurrence. At multidecadal time scales, both droughts and TCs in this region vary in association with several leading modes of basin‐wide and regional climate variability. These climate modes appear to be coherently linked to a background oceanic–atmospheric pattern that either promotes or suppresses the likelihood of both droughts and TC landfalls. The relative frequency of TC landfalls in drought‐stricken areas, the importance of these events in the regional moisture budget, and the potential for future changes in the large‐scale forcing environment raise fundamental questions about possible changes in the hydroclimate of the southeastern USA, where population growth and rising water demand already place strain on freshwater resources. In this article, we provide a review and synthesis of the recent research on variability in drought, landfalling TCs, the characteristics of the space–time association between these two phenomena in the southeastern USA, and the coherent large‐scale oceanic–atmospheric environment that either promotes or suppresses their co‐occurrence. Further, we review Global Climate Model projections related to these factors, and we identify avenues for future research on this important topic.
Objective and subjective factors shaping saving behaviours – the case ofPolish households
Authors: Rószkiewicz Małgorzata 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe paper aims at connecting of the concept of financial behaviour with that of the family life cycle. The evolution of the consumption structure, which results from the sequence of life phases, requires chronological consideration of financial activities, in a manner concerning the accumulation of wealth, as proposed by hierarchical model of financial actions contained in the theory of psychological economics. These theoretical relations were verified empirically through a survey ofPolish households conducted at the end of 2012. The results of the empirical research confirm the important role of subjective determinants of the accumulation of reserves. Competent in current times, the philosophy of individualism and consumerism promotes the attitude of ‘living for the moment’ and forces the attitudes of restraint and caution away from individual awareness on the social scale. Individual perceptions of one's income and material conditions are the basic factor shaping the conditions of saving and creating financial reserves. This study also largely confirmed that the concept of the hierarchical model of financial actions contained in the theory of psychological economics is reflected in the actions ofPolish households.
Differential stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in Crohn's disease by fungal glycans
Authors: Baram Liran , Cohen‐Kedar Sarit , Spektor Lior , Elad Hofit , Guzner‐Gur Hanan , Dotan Iris 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and AimCrohn's disease (CD) is characterized by loss of tolerance to intestinal microorganisms. This is reflected by serological responses to fungal glycans such as mannan and β‐glucans. Fungal glycans have various effects on immune cells. However, the evidence for their effects in CD is vague. This study aimed to assess the effects of fungal cell wall glycans on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CD and control patients.MethodsHuman PBMCs from CD and control patients were stimulated by fungal cell wall glycans. Cytokine secretion was detected by ELISA and glycan receptor expression by flow cytometry.ResultsMannan, β‐glucans (curdlan), chitosan, and zymosan induced the secretion of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐23, IL‐10, and tumor necrosis factor‐α by PBMCs. Spleen tyrosin kinase and Src tyrosine kinase were involved in the response to mannan and β‐glucans. Mannan and whole yeast cells induced a significantly higher pro‐inflammatory cytokine response in CD compared with control patients.ConclusionsThe results may suggest that CD is characterized by hyperresponsiveness to fungal glycans. Thus, glycans may potentially be triggering or perpetuating inflammation.
Vortical flow in human elbow joints: a three‐dimensional computed tomography modeling study
Authors: Adikrishna Arnold , Kekatpure Aashay L. , Tan Jun , Lee Hyun‐Joo , Deslivia Maria Florencia , Jeon In‐Ho 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe human elbow joint has been regarded as a loose hinge joint, with a unique helical motion of the axis during extension–flexion. This study was designed to identify the helical axis in the ulnohumeral joint during elbow extension–flexion by tracking the midpoint between the coronoid tip and the olecranon tip of the proximal ulna in a three‐dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) image model. The elbows of four volunteers were CT‐scanned at four flexion angles (0°, 45°, 90°, and 130°) at neutral rotation with a custom‐made holding device to control any motion during scanning. Three‐dimensional models of each elbow were reconstructed and a 3D ulnohumeral joint at 45°, 90°, and 130° was superimposed onto a fully extended joint (0°) by rotating and translating each 3D ulnohumeral joint along the axes. The midpoints of the olecranon and coronoid tips were interpolated using cubic spline technique and the dynamic elbow motion was plotted to determine the motion of the helical axis. The means and standard deviations were subsequently calculated. The average midpoint pattern of joint motion from extension to flexion was elliptical‐orbit‐like when projected onto a sagittal plane and continuously translated a mean 2.14 ± 0.34 mm (range, 1.83–2.52 mm) to the lateral side during elbow extension–flexion. In 3D space, the average midpoint pattern of the ulnohumeral joint resembles a vortical flow, spinning along an imaginary axis, with an inconsistent radius from 0° to 130° flexion. The ulnohumeral joint axis both rotates and translates during elbow extension–flexion, with a vortex‐flow motion occurring during flexion in 3D model analysis. This motion should be considered when performing hinged external fixation, total elbow replacement and medial collateral ligament reconstruction surgery.
Binding of human factor H to outer membrane protein P5 of non‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae contributes to complement resistance
Authors: Langereis Jeroen D. , de Jonge Marien I. , Weiser Jeffrey N. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryNon‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae is an opportunistic pathogen of the human upper respiratory tract and is often found to cause inflammatory diseases that include sinusitis, otitis media and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To persist in the inflammatory milieu during infection, non‐typeable H. influenzae must resist the antimicrobial activity of the human complement system. Here, we used Tn‐seq to identify genes important for resistance to complement‐mediated killing. This screen identified outer membrane protein P5 in evasion of the alternative pathway of complement activation. Outer membrane protein P5 was shown to bind human complement regulatory protein factor H directly, thereby, preventing complement factor C3 deposition on the surface of the bacterium. Furthermore, we show that amino acid variation within surface‐exposed regions within outer membrane P5 affected the level of factor H binding between individual strains.
CATEGORIES OR DIMENSIONS: LESSONS LEARNED FROM A TAXOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ADULT ATTACHMENT INTERVIEW DATA
Authors: Ruscio John 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACTBooth‐LaForce and Roisman's monograph on the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) featured a taxometric analysis to determine whether variation along two components, dismissing and preoccupied states of mind, was categorical or dimensional. Empirically evaluating the latent structure of these constructs helps to avoid spurious categories or dimensions. This benefits researchers working with measures of adult attachment to maintain as much predictive validity and statistical power as possible, and it benefits researchers who build or test theories of adult attachment by steering the search for causal factors in fruitful directions. Fraley and Roisman (Chapter 3, this volume) performed their taxometric performed their taxometric analyses in an exemplary fashion, adhering carefully to empirically supported, practical guidelines. They adopted an appropriate inferential framework for their taxometric results that pits two competing structural models against one another. They were willing to accept that the taxometric results for preoccupied states of mind were ambiguous and they tentatively advocated a dimensional measure on the grounds that, even if this was not the best representation, using a spurious dimension might do less harm than using spurious categories. Rather than embracing a general preference for categories or for dimensions, researchers should evaluate the pros and cons of each potential structure‐measurement mismatch on a case‐by‐case basis.
Gorlin syndrome (nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome): Update and literature review
Authors: Fujii Katsunori , Miyashita Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGorlin syndrome, also called nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, is an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disease characterized by developmental anomalies such as palmar pits and rib anomaly, and tumorigenesis such as medulloblastoma and basal cell carcinoma. This syndrome is mainly caused by a mutation of PTCH1, a human homologue of Drosophila patched, including frameshift, missense, or nonsense mutations. Genotype–phenotype correlation has not been established. PTCH1 is a member of hedgehog signaling, which is a highly conserved pathway in vertebrates, composed of hedgehog, SMO, and GLI proteins as well as PTCH1. Given that hedgehog signaling regulates cell growth and development, disorder of this pathway gives rise to not only developmental anomalies but also diverse tumors such as those seen in Gorlin syndrome. We recently reported, for the first time, a nationwide survey of Gorlin syndrome in Japan, noting that the frequency was 1/235 800 in the Japanese population, and that the frequency of basal cell carcinomas was significantly lower in Japan than in the USA and Europe, suggesting that ethnicity and genetic background contribute to these differences. Given that many clinical trials using newly discovered molecular inhibitors are still ongoing, these agents should become the new therapeutic options for hedgehog pathway‐dependent tumors in patients with or without Gorlin syndrome.
Residual blood volume in the umbilical cord of extremely premature infants
Authors: Hosono Shigeharu , Hine Kotaro , Nagano Nobuhiko , Taguchi Yosuke , Yoshikawa Kayo , Okada Tomoo , Mugishima Hideo , Takahashi Shigeru , Takahashi Shori 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate residual blood volume in the umbilical cord of extremely premature infants.MethodsTwenty extremely premature infants were held at or below the placenta while the umbilical cord was clamped and cut at approximately 2–3 cm from the umbilicus within 30 s after birth. The umbilical cord was then clamped near the placenta to obtain a length of approximately 30 cm and cut. The residual blood volume in the segment of cord was drained and measured in milliliters.ResultsMean birthweight was 846 ± 172 g (range, 587–1180 g). The average length of the clamped segment of umbilical cord was 29.8 ± 1.5 cm (range, 27–32 cm). Total residual blood volume and residual blood volume per cm were 15.5 ± 6.7 mL (range, 6–25 mL) and 0.5 ± 0.2 mL/cm (range, 0.2–0.8 mL/cm), respectively. The residual cord blood volume per kilogram of infant weight per 30 cm was 17.7 ± 5.5 mL/kg/30 cm (range, 8.9–29.0 mL/kg/30 cm).ConclusionInfants could receive approximately 18 mL/kg of whole blood by one‐time milking of 30 cm umbilical cord. With an average hematocrit of 40%, this volume is equivalent to approximately 13 mL of packed red blood cells (hematocrit 55%).
Potential distribution of two Ambrosia species in China under projected climate change
Authors: Qin Z , DiTommaso A , Wu R S , Huang H Y 
Published: August 2014

SummaryThe invasion of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Ambrosia trifida from their native range to occupy large areas in China has raised considerable concern. Using the maximum entropy (Maxent) method, we developed models for each Ambrosia species, based on occurrence records from both native ranges (North America) and their invaded ranges (e.g. northern and south‐western Europe) to predict the availability and distribution of suitable habitats for these two species in China. For each species, we also assessed potential shifts in habitat suitability for the year 2050, using three general circulation models (GCMs) and two emission scenarios. Elevation and average mean precipitation in October contributed most to model development for both species. Potential distribution projections under future climatic change scenarios suggested an averaged percentage of suitable area (2.21%) and habitat gain (1.49%) in A. artemisiifolia distribution, with further expansion to environmentally favourable locations in south‐east coastal regions, northern Taiwan and the Beijing–Tianjin–Tangshan area in northern China. Future predicted percentage of suitable area for A. trifida was 0.03% with a very limited suitable habitat gain of <1% although this species had the potential to continue to spread in northern China. Our findings suggest that management priorities should be focused on A. artemisiifolia, whilst effective control strategies for A. trifida may be optimised by concentrating efforts on those relatively fewer regions of China where the species is currently abundant.