bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On Morphological Realignments in Old English Root Nouns1
Authors: Adamczyk Elżbieta 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe present paper addresses the issue of gradual reorganisation of the early English nominal inflection, effected by an interplay of phonological and morphological factors, which led to a complete overhaul of the system inherited from Proto‐Germanic. One of minor classes which fell victim to the process of analogical restructuring was a group of root nouns which tended to fluctuate between inherited and innovative paradigmatic patterns. The attested vacillation of forms testifies to the presence of disintegrative tendencies in their paradigms. The aim of the present study is to track the pattern behind the dissemination of these tendencies, as well as to explore the extent to which the inherited paradigm disintegrated, forsaking the original inflection to the benefit of the productive declensional types. The significance of factors such as frequency of occurrence, productivity of inflectional patterns, or gender affiliation is recognised, with a view to investigating the mechanism of the restructuring process and its theoretical implications. The findings of the investigation reveal that the paradigm of root nouns, albeit not free from the impact of the productive inflection, was to a large extent preserved intact, and, when compared to other minor declensional classes, can be considered relatively conservative.
Patient care, satisfaction and service quality in health care
Authors: Senić Vladimir , Marinković Veljko 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIt is becoming increasingly important in the healthcare setting to treat patients as consumers and measure their satisfaction with medical services rendered. As such, patient satisfaction should be considered an important output of a country's healthcare system, basically reflecting the stage of its development. The conducted study tested students’ satisfaction with the quality of service provided by student polyclinics. In particular, the study has analysed the impacts of personal relationships, promptness and tangibility on student satisfaction. The findings imply that all three factors significantly affect patient satisfaction, with personal relationships having the strongest impact. Such results suggest that healthcare providers should encourage their doctors to devote more time to their patients and show genuine concern for patients’ problems if they wish to improve overall satisfaction of their patients with the delivered services.
Gender, social acceptability and the adoption of supermarkets: evidence from Libya
Authors: Sehib Khairia , Jackson Elizabeth , Gorton Matthew 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper explores factors affecting consumers' adoption of supermarkets in a nation whose retail environment has been dominated by traditional markets and small independent stores for generations. In‐depth interviews with Libyan shoppers (n = 32) indicate that social acceptability is a major factor governing adoption of supermarkets. In Libya, food shopping has traditionally been a task for male household members, with markets regarded as inappropriate spaces for female alone or with other women. However, the safer, cleaner and less crowded environment offered by large supermarkets has contributed to women feeling more comfortable shopping for food, and henceforth being able to shop as independent consumers. This has been welcomed by both men and women; traditional culture, rather than constraining the spread of supermarkets, may act as a facilitator. For practitioners, a critical factor underpinning the development of supermarkets in Libya will be the degree to which they offer a more female‐friendly and safer shopping experience than traditional retail outlets.
ARE FIRM‐ AND COUNTRY‐SPECIFIC GOVERNANCE SUBSTITUTES? EVIDENCE FROM FINANCIAL CONTRACTS IN EMERGING MARKETS
Authors: Francis Bill , Hasan Iftekhar , Song Liang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe investigate how borrowers’ corporate governance influences bank loan contracting terms in emerging markets and how this relation varies across countries with different country‐level governance. We find that borrowers with stronger corporate governance obtain favorable contracting terms with respect to loan amount, maturity, collateral requirements, and spread. Firm‐level and country‐level corporate governance are substitutes in writing and enforcing financial contracts. We also find that the distinctiveness of borrowers’ characteristics affect the relation between firm‐level corporate governance and loan contracting terms. Our findings are robust, irrespective of types of regression methods and specifications.
INVESTOR REACTION TO MUTUAL FUND PERFORMANCE: EVIDENCE FROM UK DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
Authors: Keswani Aneel , Stolin David 
Published: September 2012

AbstractExisting work on the flow–performance relation in mutual funds focuses on the average U.S. investor, obscuring the contributions of different clienteles. We analyze UK data on monthly fund sales and purchases made via seven distinct distribution channels. We show that there exist marked differences in the reaction to fund performance between different types of retail and institutional investors. These differences can be understood by considering the incentives of parties involved in each channel. Our analysis indicates that the well‐documented aggregate net flow–performance convexity in mutual funds is driven by the extreme reaction of retail inflows to favorable performance, particularly from independently advised investors.
DOES BOARD INDEPENDENCE MATTER FOR CORPORATE INSURANCE HEDGING?
Authors: Zou Hong , Adams Mike , Xiao Jason Zezhong 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe test the effect of board independence on corporate purchases of property insurance. We find that board independence increases the incidence of property insurance use but does not have a significant effect on the extent of property insurance use given that a firm decides to insure its assets. These findings are consistent with the argument that: (1) more independent boards view it necessary to have property insurance to manage asset‐loss risks and (2) excessive insurance or insurance purchases induced by managerial risk aversion and/or self‐interest does not benefit shareholders and so may not be supported by independent boards.
Qualitative impacts of Senna spectabilis on distribution of welfare: A household survey of dependent communities in Budongo Forest Reserve, Uganda
Authors: Mungatana Eric , Ahimbisibwe Peter Beine 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a household survey designed to qualitatively evaluate the impacts of the invasive alien species Senna spectabilis on the distribution of welfare across dependent communities in the Budongo Forest Reserve (BFR) in Uganda. The BFR is the largest forest reserve in Uganda, with globally significant conservation values. The study establishes that households in the BFR have high levels of knowledge as to its conservation values; they are aware of the invasiveness of S. spectabilis and its potential to compromise the conservation values of the BFR, and that S. spectabilis confers tangible benefits to dependent households, whose levels significantly vary with proximity to the reserve. The study concludes by evaluating strategies that are designed to manage the spread of S. spectabilis in the BFR and which consider its demonstrated socio‐economic impacts.
Effects of economic growth on biodiversity in the United States
Authors: Czech Brian , Mills Busa Julianne H. , Brown Roger M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFor many citizens and policymakers, the empirical relationship between economic growth and biodiversity conservation has not been sufficiently established for purposes of identifying the types of economic policies amenable to biodiversity conservation. Some think economic growth conflicts with biodiversity conservation; others think economic growth conduces biodiversity conservation. With panel data from 1997‐2011, encompassing US continental states, we developed a series of statistical models to investigate the relationships among species endangerment, human population, and economic growth as indicated by GDP and per capita GDP. Species endangerment is highly correlated with population and GDP, and per capita GDP is a significant regressor of species endangerment. Across US continental states, competitive exclusion of non‐human species occurs via human economic growth and population growth.
Early Onset of Drinking and Risk of Heavy Drinking in Young Adulthood—A 13‐Year Prospective Study
Authors: Rossow Ingeborg , Kuntsche Emmanuel 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundPrevention programs often aim at preventing early onset of drinking (EOD) on the grounds that this may curb heavy drinking in adulthood. While many studies have shown an association between EOD and adult alcohol use disorders, these findings could be inflated by retrospective reports or insufficient control for confounders. This study examined the association between EOD behavior assessed in early adolescence and heavy drinking in adulthood, controlling for deviant behavior and parental heavy drinking.MethodsData were collected prospectively over a 13‐year period from 1,311 Norwegian school students. At t1 (ages 13 to 14 years), onset of drinking behavior (any drinking and heavy episodic drinking), conduct problems (CP), other problem behaviors, and parental heavy drinking were assessed. At t2 (ages 26 to 27 years), heavy drinking behavior was assessed in terms of heavy episodic drinking frequency and AUDIT score.ResultsEOD behavior was associated with CP, other problem behaviors, and parental heavy drinking in early adolescence. A higher risk of heavy drinking in adulthood was found among those with EOD behavior, yet after control for CP, this association became small and statistically nonsignificant. Among low‐risk individuals (i.e., those with no CP at t1), there was no association between EOD behavior and heavy drinking in adulthood, while there was a significant association among those with CP.ConclusionsEOD behavior appears not per se responsible for heavy drinking in adulthood unless being part of a broader array of problem behaviors.
Sensitivity and Specificity of a Brief Personality Screening Instrument in Predicting Future Substance Use, Emotional, and Behavioral Problems: 18‐Month Predictive Validity of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale
Authors: Castellanos‐Ryan Natalie , O'Leary‐Barrett Maeve , Sully Laura , Conrod Patricia 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundThis study assessed the validity, sensitivity, and specificity of the Substance Use Risk Profile Scale (SURPS), a measure of personality risk factors for substance use and other behavioral problems in adolescence.MethodsThe concurrent and predictive validity of the SURPS was tested in a sample of 1,162 adolescents (mean age: 13.7 years) using linear and logistic regressions, while its sensitivity and specificity were examined using the receiver operating characteristics curve analyses.ResultsConcurrent and predictive validity tests showed that all 4 brief scales—hopelessness (H), anxiety sensitivity (AS), impulsivity (IMP), and sensation seeking (SS)—were related, in theoretically expected ways, to measures of substance use and other behavioral and emotional problems. Results also showed that when using the 4 SURPS subscales to identify adolescents “at risk,” one can identify a high number of those who developed problems (high sensitivity scores ranging from 72 to 91%). And, as predicted, because each scale is related to specific substance and mental health problems, good specificity was obtained when using the individual personality subscales (e.g., most adolescents identified at high risk by the IMP scale developed conduct or drug use problems within the next 18 months [a high specificity score of 70 to 80%]).ConclusionsThe SURPS is a valuable tool for identifying adolescents at high risk for substance misuse and other emotional and behavioral problems. Implications of findings for the use of this measure in future research and prevention interventions are discussed.
The Effects of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder on Psychopathology and Behavior
Authors: Ware Ashley L. , O'Brien Jessica W. , Crocker Nicole , Deweese Benjamin N. , Roesch Scott C. , Coles Claire D. , Kable Julie A. , May Philip A. , Kalberg Wendy O. , Sowell Elizabeth R. , Jones Kenneth Lyons , Riley Edward P. , Mattson Sarah N. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundThis study examined prevalence of psychiatric disorders and behavioral problems in children with and without prenatal alcohol exposure (AE) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsPrimary caregivers of 344 children (8 to 16 years, M = 12.28) completed the Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children‐IV (C‐DISC‐4.0) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Subjects comprised 4 groups: AE with ADHD (AE+, n = 85) and without ADHD (AE−, n = 52), and nonexposed with ADHD (ADHD, n = 74) and without ADHD (CON, n = 133). The frequency of specific psychiatric disorders, number of psychiatric disorders (comorbidity), and CBCL behavioral scores were examined using chi‐square and analysis of covariance techniques.ResultsClinical groups had greater frequency of all psychiatric disorders, except for anxiety, where the AE‐ and CON groups did not differ. There was a combined effect of AE and ADHD on conduct disorder. For comorbidity, children with ADHD had increased psychiatric disorders regardless of AE, which did not have an independent effect on comorbidity. For CBCL scores, there were significant main effects of AE and ADHD on all scores and significant AE × ADHD interactions for Withdrawn/Depressed, Somatic Complaints, Attention, and all Summary scores. There was a combined effect of AE and ADHD on Externalizing, Total Problems, and Attention Problems.ConclusionsFindings indicate that ADHD diagnosis elevates children's risk of psychiatric diagnoses, regardless of AE, but suggest an exacerbated relation between AE and ADHD on conduct disorder and externalizing behavioral problems in children. Findings affirm a poorer behavioral prognosis for alcohol‐exposed children with ADHD and suggest that more than 1 neurobehavioral profile may exist for individuals with AE.
Resting Metabolic Rate in Old‐Old Women with and without Frailty: Variability and Estimation of Energy Requirements
Authors: Weiss Carlos O. , Cappola Anne R. , Varadhan Ravi , Fried Linda P. 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesTo measure resting metabolic rate (RMR) in old‐old adults living in the community and examine the association between measured RMR and frailty status and compare it with expected RMR generated by a predictive equation.DesignPhysiological substudy conducted as a home visit within an observational cohort study.SettingBaltimore City and County, Maryland.ParticipantsSeventy‐seven women aged 83 to 93 enrolled in the Women's Health and Aging Study II.MeasurementsResting metabolic rate with indirect calorimetry, frailty status, fat‐free mass, ambient and body temperature, expected RMR according to the Mifflin‐St. Jeor equation.ResultsAverage RMR was 1,119 ± 205 kcal/d (range 595–1,560 kcal/d). Agreement between observed and expected RMR was biased and poor (between‐subject coefficient of variation 38.0%, 95% confidence interval = 35.1–40.8). Variability of RMR was greater in frail individuals (heteroscedasticity F‐test P = .02). Low and high RMR were associated with being frail (odds ratio 5.4, P = .04) and slower self‐selected walking speed (P < .001) after adjustment for covariates.ConclusionEquations to predict RMR that are not validated in old‐old adults appear to correlate poorly with measured RMR. RMR is highly variable in old‐old women, with deviations from the mean predicting clinical frailty. These exploratory findings suggest a pathway to clinical frailty through high or low RMR.
Cochlear Implant Rehabilitation in Older Adults: Literature Review and Proposal of a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Clark James H. , Yeagle Jennifer , Arbaje Alicia I. , Lin Frank R. , Niparko John K. , Francis Howard W. 
Published: September 2012

ObjectivesTo review studies investigating cochlear implant (CI) outcomes in older adults, and to develop a conceptual framework demonstrating important interactions between characteristics of hearing disability, aging, and the CI intervention.DesignReview of English literature with titles containing the words “cochlear implant” and generic term referring to older adults or numerical value for age greater than 65.ResultsHearing loss is a prevalent consequence of aging and poses special challenges for older adults. Particularly when superimposed on other age‐related conditions, presbycusis (age‐related hearing loss) places older adults at risk for social isolation and associated psychological and general health sequelae. The increasing cognitive demand of verbal communication and the diminished sense of social and physical connectedness can contribute to a feeling of vulnerability and poor health that worsens with advancing presbycusis. This cascade of downstream effects of hearing loss has implications for the self‐assessment of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and resulting estimates of associated costs. There is accumulating evidence of a potential role for CI in older adults with poor word understanding despite conventional hearing aid use. This review of the literature provides strong evidence of the benefits of restoring communication capacity in the deaf and hard‐of‐hearing geriatric population. There is, however, a lack of attention to communication performance in the real world and HRQoL outcomes, and significant gaps in knowledge regarding how CI rehabilitation interacts with changing psychosocial and functional status with aging.ConclusionA broader conceptual framework than is currently available for the role of CI rehabilitation in the management of severe‐to‐profound hearing loss in older adults is proposed. It is posited that the use of such a model in future investigations is needed to guide multidisciplinary investigations into the unique challenges of hearing loss in older adults and may open new opportunities for innovation.
Fabrication and Formation Mechanism of B4C–TiB2 Composite by Reactive Spark Plasma Sintering Using Unmilled and Mechanically Activated Reactants
Authors: Nikzad Leila , Orrù Roberto , Licheri Roberta , Cao Giacomo 
Published: September 2012

The fabrication of dense submicrometer grained B4C–TiB2 composite (molar ratio equal to 1:1) is investigated in this work through the combination of mechanical (Ball Milling) and electric current (spark plasma sintering or SPS) activation of Ti, B, and graphite reactants. The full conversion of 8 h milled powders is obtained at much lower temperature (about 1200°C), as compared with simply blended reactants (>1600°C). The formation of TiB2 generally precedes that of B4C. In addition, regardless of the milling treatment, an increase in the heating rate during SPS is found to produce a transition of the mechanism governing the formation of TiB2 and B4C, from gradual solid–solid to rapid combustion‐type behavior. Nevertheless, when unmilled powders are used, not negligible amounts of unreacted and intermediate species are still present in the product resulting after the combustion synthesis event. In contrast, ball milled powders reacted completely under combustion regime, even when relatively milder heating rate conditions are adopted. As a consequence of the mechanical treatment, SPS product density increases from about 82% to 94% of the theoretical value (I = 1100 A). Correspondingly, a material with homogeneous phase distribution and grain size down to 100–200 nm is obtained. In this regard, when a combustion synthesis regime is established, a slight coarsening in product microstructure (1–2 μm) is observed. A further improvement of product density (higher than 96.5%) is obtained, at the expenses of a certain grain growth, when the applied current intensity is augmented to 1200 A.
Archetypes: Toward a Jungian Anthropology of Consciousness
Authors: Laughlin Charles D. , Tiberia Vincenza A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIt is very curious that C.G. Jung has had so little influence upon the anthropology of consciousness. In this paper, the reasons for this oversight are given. The archetypal psychology of Jung is summarized and shown to be more complex and useful than extreme constructivist accounts would acknowledge. Jung's thinking about consciousness fits very well with a modern neuroscience view of the psyche and acts as a corrective to relativist notions of consciousness and its relation to the self.
Rosuvastatin‐attenuated heart failure in aged spontaneously hypertensive rats via PKCα/β2 signal pathway
Authors: Qiu Zhaohui , Zhang Wenbin , Fan Fan , Li Hua , Wu Chaoneng , Ye Yong , Du Qijun , Li Zheng , Hu Xiaona , Zhao Gang , Sun Aijun , Bao Zhijun , Ge Junbo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThere are controversies concerning the capacity of Rosuvastatin to attenuate heart failure in end‐stage hypertension. The aim of the study was to show whether the Rosuvastatin might be effective or not for the heart failure treatment. Twenty‐one spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) aged 52 weeks with heart failure were randomly divided into three groups: two receiving Rosuvastatin at 20 and 40 mg/kg/day, respectively, and the third, placebo for comparison with seven Wistar‐Kyoto rats (WKYs) as controls. After an 8‐week treatment, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) and echocardiographic features were evaluated; mRNA level of B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and plasma NT‐proBNP concentration were measured; the heart tissues were observed under electron microscope (EM); myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump (SERCA‐2) activity and mitochondria cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) activity were measured; the expressions of SERCA‐2a, phospholamban (PLB), ryanodine receptor2 (RyR2), sodium–calcium exchanger 1 (NCX1), Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and protein phosphatase inhibitor‐1 (PPI‐1) were detected by Western blot and RT‐qPCR; and the total and phosphorylation of protein kinase Cα/β (PKCα/β) were measured. Aged SHRs with heart failure was characterized by significantly decreased left ventricular ejection fraction and left ventricular fraction shortening, enhanced left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter and LV Volume, accompanied by increased plasma NT‐proBNP and elevated BNP gene expression. Damaged myofibrils, vacuolated mitochondria and swollen sarcoplasmic reticulum were observed by EM. Myocardium mitochondria CCO and SERCA‐2 activity decreased. The expressions of PLB and NCX1 increased significantly with up‐regulation of PPI‐1 and down‐regulation of CaMKII, whereas that of RyR2 decreased. Rosuvastatin was found to ameliorate the heart failure in aged SHRs and to improve changes in SERCA‐2a, PLB, RyR2, NCX1, CaMKII and PPI‐1; PKCα/β2 signal pathway to be suppressed; the protective effect of Rosuvastatin to be dose dependent. In conclusion, the heart failure of aged SHRs that was developed during the end stage of hypertension could be ameliorated by Rosuvastatin.