bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Purification of proanthocyanidins from nut seeds and study on its bactericidal mechanism against Streptococcus mutans
Authors: Lou Zaixiang , Fan Xiaoyuan , Liu Caihua , Liao Yuemei , Du Xiaojing , Wang Hongxin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Aim
The aim of this study was to purify proanthocyanidins from areca nut seeds (P-AN) and to investigate the bactericidal activity and mechanism of the purified products against Streptococcus mutans.

Methods and results
Ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MADLI-TOF-MS), and thiolysis experiment were used for P-AN chemical analysis. Time-kill analysis and glycolytic pH drop were used to evaluate the activity of S. mutans in vitro. Meanwhile, the investigation of the bacteriostatic mechanism included membrane protein, fluidity, permeability, and integrity tests. The results showed that P-AN was a kind of proanthocyanidin mainly composed of B-type proanthocyanidins and their polymers. Moreover, MADLI-TOF-MS and thiolysis experiments demonstrated that the degree of polymerization of P-AN was 13. The time-kill analysis showed that P-AN had strong bactericidal activity against S. mutans. P-AN at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) concentrations was able to induce S. mutans death, while complete lethality occurred at 2 MIC. Glycolysis test showed that P-AN significantly inhibited S. mutans acid production (P &lt; .01). The morphological changes of S. mutans were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy experiments, which indicated that P-AN destroyed the cellular structure of S. mutans. At the same time, significant changes were observed in membrane proteins, fluidity, permeability, and integrity.

Conclusion
P-AN can effectively inhibit the activity of S. mutans. P-AN can reduce the erosion of the tooth surface by the acid of S. mutans. P-AN could break the structure of the cell membrane protein of S. mutans. P-AN could destroy the integrity of membrane, resulting in the death of S. mutans.
Balancing efficacy and computational burden: weighted mean, multiple imputation, and inverse probability weighting methods for item non-response in reliable scales
Authors: Guide Andrew , Garbett Shawn , Feng Xiaoke , Mapes Brandy M , Cook Justin , Sulieman Lina , Cronin Robert M , Chen Qingxia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Importance
Scales often arise from multi-item questionnaires, yet commonly face item non-response. Traditional solutions use weighted mean (WMean) from available responses, but potentially overlook missing data intricacies. Advanced methods like multiple imputation (MI) address broader missing data, but demand increased computational resources. Researchers frequently use survey data in the All of Us Research Program (All of Us), and it is imperative to determine if the increased computational burden of employing MI to handle non-response is justifiable.

Objectives
Using the 5-item Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale (PANES) in All of Us, this study assessed the tradeoff between efficacy and computational demands of WMean, MI, and inverse probability weighting (IPW) when dealing with item non-response.

Materials and Methods
Synthetic missingness, allowing 1 or more item non-response, was introduced into PANES across 3 missing mechanisms and various missing percentages (10%-50%). Each scenario compared WMean of complete questions, MI, and IPW on bias, variability, coverage probability, and computation time.

Results
All methods showed minimal biases (all &lt;5.5%) for good internal consistency, with WMean suffered most with poor consistency. IPW showed considerable variability with increasing missing percentage. MI required significantly more computational resources, taking &gt;8000 and &gt;100 times longer than WMean and IPW in full data analysis, respectively.

Discussion and Conclusion
The marginal performance advantages of MI for item non-response in highly reliable scales do not warrant its escalated cloud computational burden in All of Us, particularly when coupled with computationally demanding post-imputation analyses. Researchers using survey scales with low missingness could utilize WMean to reduce computing burden.
Individual and social heterosis act independently in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies
Authors: Ryals Dylan K , Buschkoetter Amos C , Given J Krispn , Harpur Brock A 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Heterosis occurs in individuals when genetic diversity, e.g., heterozygosity, increases fitness. Many advanced eusocial insects evolved mating behaviors, including polyandry and polygyny, which increase inter-individual genetic diversity within colonies. The possibility of this structure of diversity to improve group fitness has been termed social heterosis. Neither the independence of individual and social heterosis nor their relative effect sizes have been explicitly measured. Through controlled breeding between pairs of Western honey bee queens (Apis mellifera L.; n = 3 pairs) from two distinct populations, we created inbred colonies with low genetic diversity, hybrid colonies with high heterozygosity, and mixed colonies (combining inbred workers from each population) with low heterozygosity and high social diversity. We then quantified two independent traits in colonies: survival against bacterial challenge and maintenance of brood nest temperature. For both traits, we found hybrid and mixed colonies outperformed inbred colonies but did not perform differently from each other. During immune challenge assays, hybrid and mixed colonies experienced hazard ratios of 0.49 (95% CI [0.37, 0.65]) and 0.69 (95% CI [0.50, 0.96]) compared to inbred colonies. For nest temperatures, hybrid and mixed colonies experienced 1.94 ± 0.97 °C and 2.82 ± 2.46 °C less thermal error and 0.14 ± 0.11 °C2 and 0.16 ± 0.06 °C2 less thermal variance per hour than inbred lines. This suggests social and individual heterosis operate independently and may have similar effect sizes. These results highlight the importance of both inter- and intra-individual diversity to fitness, which may help explain the emergence of polyandry/polygyny in eusocial insects and inform breeding efforts in these systems.
Investigating exceedances of formaldehyde levels and source identification in offices of an academic medical institute
Authors: Chuthong Watcharakorn , Surawattanasakul Vithawat , Sapbamrer Ratana , Sirikul Wachiranun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Objectives: To investigate factors associated with indoor formaldehyde levels in office settings within an academic medical institute.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 25 offices (261 workers) at a medical university in Thailand. Questionnaires gathered data on demographics, work patterns, and office equipment usage (printers, photocopiers, air fresheners, liquid paper, glue, cleaning agents, and marker pens). The building environment was assessed by a multidisciplinary team. Formaldehyde levels and relevant parameters (temperature and relative humidity) were measured in each room both indoors and outdoors. A multiple linear regression model investigated the relationship between formaldehyde and office factors, controlling for room conditions.
Results: Median office formaldehyde levels were 442.1 μg/m3 (interquartile range: 343.8-908.7 μg/m3), exceeding World Health Organization and Thai guidelines. Photocopier use was significantly associated with higher levels of indoor formaldehyde (β = .20; 95% CI, 0.30-0.37; P = .02). Air freshener use also showed a significant association (β = .56; 95% CI, 0.30-0.81; P &lt; .001). No correlation was found between the use of liquid paper, glue, printers, cleaning agents, or marker pens and indoor formaldehyde levels.
Conclusions: Indoor formaldehyde levels in these offices exceeded the established guidelines. Use of photocopiers and air fresheners was associated with increased formaldehyde levels. Implementing interventions such as improved ventilation and regular screening is essential for creating healthier office environments.
Plexiform’s perplexities: a tale of two plexiform neurofibromas
Authors: Pedaprolu Aditya Sriharsha , Gattani Rajesh , Jajoo Suhas , Rewale Venkatesh , Deshpande Swati , Chatterjee Priya , Semy Mehak Fayyaz 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Plexiform neurofibroma (PF) is a rare benign variant belonging to a subtype of neurofibromatosis type 1 that forms bulging or deforming masses arising from the peripheral nerve sheath. These masses involve surrounding connective tissue or dermal layers, leading to multiple cutaneous changes and certain characteristic appearances. It is these appearances that aid in the diagnosis of PF. We have encountered two distinct patients diagnosed with this disorder. While one patient was clinically and pathologically confirmed for PF, the other had no characteristic cutaneous changes. The diagnosis was made with postoperative histopathology and confirmed with an immunohistochemical examination. There are various modalities in the management of PFs, with surgery being a mainstay in the treatment of disfiguring large PFs, especially in resource-restrained settings. In view of high recurrence rates, postoperative clinical follow-up is a must. This paper describes these patients’ typical and atypical clinical presentation and subsequent management.
Pedicled falciform ligament flap use as an alternative surgical technique in peptic ulcer perforation repair: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Paudel Pratiksha , Agrawal Srikant , Khatiwada Bidur , Rai Prahasan , Karki Sijan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) affects ~4 million people globally. Peptic ulcer perforation (PUP) is a serious complication of PUD associated with high mortality and morbidity. Hence, a high index of clinical suspicion is crucial in diagnosing such cases. Here, we present a case of a 19-year-old male who presented with 4 days of severe abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting. On examination, signs of acute abdomen were evident, and an erect chest X-ray confirmed free air under the diaphragm. The patient underwent an emergency midline laparotomy, during which 1000 ml of purulent fluid was evacuated. A perforation measuring 8 × 8 mm2 was repaired using the falciform ligament due to the unavailability of adequate healthy omentum. His postoperative recovery was uneventful. This case report underscores the importance of considering the falciform ligament as a viable and effective alternative for the closure of PUP when the omentum is unavailable.
Identification of biomarkers associated with pathological tumor staging and their utility in the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer
Authors: Xu Shiquan , Shi He , Liu Yiran , Lin Jing , Wu Xia , Lu Ruichun , Fan Yu , Tan Weiqiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
Pathological tumor (pT) staging plays a crucial role in prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis. This study aimed to identify pT stage-associated biomarkers and explored their utility in PCa prognosis.

Methods
GSE69223 was used to identify potential targets differentially expressed between level 2 of pT staging (pT2) and level 3 of pT staging (pT3). Quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were performed on tissues from patients with PCa to screen the pT stage-associated targets and to explore the prognostic value of these targets in PCa.

Results
CENPI and SLC38A11 were most significantly upregulated, whereas ANO6 and KANK2 were mostly decreased in pT3 tumors compared with pT2 staging. ANO6 levels were negatively associated with preoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, lymph node staging (N staging), Gleason score, and overall survival (OS); CENPI was positively associated with preoperative PSA levels, N staging, and OS, but was not associated with the Gleason score; SLC38A11 and KANK2 were not associated with OS. ANO6 and KANK2 were correlated with neutrophil markers, whereas CENPI was correlated with macrophage M2 types.

Conclusion
We identified 4 reliable PCa biomarkers associated with pT staging that would be valuable for diagnosing and determining PCa prognosis.
Indigeneity Buried, Then Unearthed, in Mohja Kahf’s “Fayetteville as in Fate” and The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf
Authors: Yandell Kay 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A conversation with Winona LaDuke allowed Mohja Kahf to realize that Indigenous American decolonial resistance movements persist into our current era. This essay responds to Kahf’s critique of her novel The Girl in the Tangerine Scarf (2006) and investigates some common myths that teach Americans of all backgrounds the unspoken belief that Indigenous American decolonial resistance is ended and that multicultural narratives now bury previously existing Native decolonial narratives. This essay unearths purportedly buried decolonial narratives in Kahf’s novel by reading some of its references to Natives as emblems not only of Native history but also of contemporary Native decolonial survivance and resistance that persist to this day.
Unexpectedly Sudanese Syrians: Issuing passports and the challenges of integration
Authors: Tobin Sarah A , Kanhoush Salam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Since the Syrian crisis began more than 10 years ago, over 11 million Syrians have been displaced. By 2015, Sudan hosted a large number of Syrians because it became the only country in the region that did not require visas for them, which is a result of the countries’ migration and foreign policies. For years, the more than 250,000 Syrians in Sudan were treated largely as unbothered “guests”: they were able to live, work, obtain an education, and health care on par with Sudanese without any additional permits or documentation. Most were young, educated men who came as labor migrants and to avoid military conscription in Syria. The Sudanese government further took on the unusual policy of issuing Sudanese passports to these Syrians who were otherwise unable to return, which prompted Syrians to unexpectedly envision and engender their identity as Sudanese, even letting their Syrian passports expire. After the ousting of Al Bashir in 2019, the transitional government changed the policy for Syrians and began requiring permits for residency, work, education, and access to health care. They also systematically revoked and confiscated Sudanese passports held by Syrians. This article examines the case of Syrians in Sudan whose potential durable solution of integration is being unwound by the same state that provided it. Syrians interviewed discuss the socio-political and subjective challenges experienced by this loss. The article concludes with a discussion about the unusualness of this case, especially as it relates to issuing passports with ambiguous promises of integration.
Heart Rate Variability in Military Pilots During Flight: A Scoping Review
Authors: Soares Amanda Brandello Farias , Almeida Marcelo Furtado de , Franchini Emerson , Ferreira Fabrícia Geralda , Campos Fábio Angioluci Diniz 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Piloting an aircraft is a complex multitasking activity that involves managing information in a nonautomatic way and generates a high workload (psychological, cognitive, and physical) for the pilot. The excess of these demands can result in decreased performance and may impair flight safety. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been used in recent studies as a method to investigate operator’s workload in complex environments. This measure can assess the stress and recovery ability of the autonomic nervous system. However, a better understanding of flight influence on the pilot’s autonomic modulation is necessary. Therefore, this scoping review aims to systematically map the studies related to changes in the autonomic modulation in military pilots during flight, in order to characterize their workload at different times and flight profiles.

Materials and Methods
A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE (by PubMed), SCOPUS, and LILACS databases. Recent records (2002–2022) that analyzed HRV in military pilots during flight were included. Meanwhile, studies in which piloting activity was not performed were excluded. The study was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline extension for Scoping Reviews and the Updated Methodological Guidance for the Conduct of Scoping Reviews.

Results
A total of 298 records were obtained, of which 19 were included in the scoping review. The studies analyzed flights performed in high- and low-performance aircrafts, helicopters, and flight simulators, using time domain, frequency domain, and nonlinear HRV indices. Real and simulated flights produced significant autonomic changes. Some flights elicited autonomic nervous system responses that persisted up to 5 h after landing. During real flight, the most sensitive indices for identifying variations in pilot workload were root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats, standard deviation of interbeat interval of normal sinus beat (SDNN), ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency power, and Poincaré plot standard deviation perpendicular to the line of identity (SD1), whereas the interbeat interval (RR), SDNN, SD1, and Poincaré plot standard deviation along the line of identity (SD2) were the most sensitive indices when comparing segments of simulated flight with different levels of difficulty.

Conclusions
This scoping review provided insight into the influence of flight on autonomic modulation in military pilots. Some key themes were highlighted: Increased sympathetic activity during flight, sensibility of different domains of HRV to flight demands, and autonomic changes during recovery time. Future research efforts may allow us to enhance the understanding of pilot’s workload limits and to elucidate the optimal postflight recovery time.
Revealing the chemical structure of the Magellanic Clouds with APOGEE. I. Calculating individual stellar ages of RGB stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Povick Joshua T , Nidever David L , Massana Pol , Tayar Jamie , Olsen Knut A G , Hasselquist Sten , Cioni Maria-Rosa L , Nitschelm Christian , Carrera Ricardo , Choi Yumi , Roman-Lopes Alexandre , Majewski Steven R , Almeida Andrés , Cunha Katia , Smith Verne V 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Stellar ages are critical for understanding the temporal evolution of a galaxy. We calculate the ages of over 6000 red giant branch stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) observed with SDSS-IV / APOGEE-S. Ages are derived using multiband photometry, spectroscopic parameters ($\rm T_{eff}$, $\log {g}$, [Fe/H], and [$\alpha$/Fe]) and stellar isochrones and the assumption that the stars lie in a thin inclined plane to get accurate distances. The isochrone age and extinction are varied until a best match is found for the observed photometry. We perform validation using the APOKASC sample, which has asteroseismic masses and accurate ages, and find that our uncertainties are $\sim$20 per cent and range from $\sim$1–3 Gyr for the calculated ages (most reliable below 10 Gyr). Here we present the LMC age map as well as the age–radius relation and an accurate age–metallicity relation (AMR). The age map and age–radius relation reveal that recent star formation in the galaxy was more centrally located and that there is a slight dichotomy between the north and south with the northern fields being slightly younger. The northern fields that cover a known spiral arm have median ages of $\gtrsim$2 Gyr, which is the time when an interaction with the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) is suggested to have happened. The AMR is mostly flat especially for older ages although recently (about 2.0–2.5 Gyr ago) there is an increase in the median [Fe/H]. Based on the time frame, this might also be attributed to the close interaction between the LMC and SMC.
The Dark Energy Survey 5-yr photometrically classified type Ia supernovae without host-galaxy redshifts
Authors: Möller A , Wiseman P , Smith M , Lidman C , Davis T M , Kessler R , Sako M , Sullivan M , Galbany L , Lee J , Nichol R C , Sánchez B O , Vincenzi M , Tucker B E , Abbott T M C , Aguena M , Allam S , Alves O , Andrade-Oliveira F , Bacon D , Bertin E , Brooks D , Rosell A Carnero , Castander F J , Desai S , Diehl H T , Everett S , Ferrero I , Friedel D , Frieman J , García-Bellido J , Gaztanaga E , Giannini G , Gruendl R A , Gutierrez G , Hinton S R , Hollowood D L , Honscheid K , James D J , Kuehn K , Lahav O , Lee S , Marshall J L , Mena-Fernández J , Menanteau F , Miquel R , Myles J , Ogando R L C , Palmese A , Pieres A , Malagón A A Plazas , Roodman A , Sanchez E , Cid D Sanchez , Sevilla-Noarbe I , Suchyta E , Swanson M E C , Tarle G , Tucker D L , Walker A R , Weaverdyck N , da Costa L N , Pereira M E S 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Current and future Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) surveys will need to adopt new approaches to classifying SNe and obtaining their redshifts without spectra if they wish to reach their full potential. We present here a novel approach that uses only photometry to identify SNe Ia in the 5-yr Dark Energy Survey (DES) data set using the SuperNNova classifier. Our approach, which does not rely on any information from the SN host-galaxy, recovers SNe Ia that might otherwise be lost due to a lack of an identifiable host. We select $2{,}298$ high-quality SNe Ia from the DES 5-yr data set an almost complete sample of detected SNe Ia. More than 700 of these have no spectroscopic host redshift and are potentially new SNIa compared to the DES-SN5YR cosmology analysis. To analyse these SNe Ia, we derive their redshifts and properties using only their light curves with a modified version of the SALT2 light-curve fitter. Compared to other DES SN Ia samples with spectroscopic redshifts, our new sample has in average higher redshift, bluer and broader light curves, and fainter host-galaxies. Future surveys such as LSST will also face an additional challenge, the scarcity of spectroscopic resources for follow-up. When applying our novel method to DES data, we reduce the need for follow-up by a factor of four and three for host-galaxy and live SN, respectively, compared to earlier approaches. Our novel method thus leads to better optimization of spectroscopic resources for follow-up.
Magnetic field, magnetospheric accretion, and candidate planet of the young star GM Aurigae observed with SPIRou
Authors: Zaire B , Donati J -F , Alencar S P , Bouvier J , Moutou C , Bellotti S , Carmona A , Petit P , Kóspál Á , Shang H , Grankin K , Manara C , Alecian E , Gregory S P , Fouqué P ,   the SLS consortium
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
This paper analyses spectropolarimetric observations of the classical T Tauri star (CTTS) GM Aurigae collected with SPIRou, the near-infrared spectropolarimeter at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope, as part of the SLS and SPICE Large Programs. We report for the first time results on the large-scale magnetic field at the surface of GM Aur using Zeeman Doppler imaging. Its large-scale magnetic field energy is almost entirely stored in an axisymmetric poloidal field, which places GM Aur close to other CTTSs with similar internal structures. A dipole of about 730 G dominates the large-scale field topology, while higher order harmonics account for less than 30 per cent of the total magnetic energy. Overall, we find that the main difference between our three reconstructed maps (corresponding to sequential epochs) comes from the evolving tilt of the magnetic dipole, likely generated by non-stationary dynamo processes operating in this largely convective star rotating with a period of about 6 d. Finally, we report a $5.5\sigma$ detection of a signal in the activity-filtered radial velocity data of semi-amplitude $110\pm 20$ m s$^{-1}$ at a period of $8.745\pm 0.009$ d. If attributed to a close-in planet in the inner accretion disc of GM Aur, it would imply that this planet candidate has a minimum mass of $1.10 \pm 0.30\, M_\mathrm{Jup}$ and orbits at a distance of $0.082 \pm 0.002$ au.