bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candidatures spontanées, réseaux et intermédiaires publics : quelle information et quels appariements sur le marché du travail français ?
Authors: de Larquier Guillemette , Rieucau Géraldine 
Published: October 2015

À partir des enquêtes Emploi en continu (2005-2012) de l’INSEE, cet article analyse les appariements via les trois principaux canaux sur le marché du travail français : 1-candidatures spontanées; 2- réseaux; et 3- intermédiaires publics. Il étudie le mode d’accès à l’emploi des individus recrutés chaque trimestre, en tenant compte des canaux effectivement activés par ces individus lors de leur recherche d’emploi. En prenant appui sur le cadre théorique de l’économie des conventions, cet article soutient l’hypothèse que les trois canaux mènent à des appariements différents, car ils ne véhiculent pas le même type d’information sur les candidats, le format de l’information pouvant être écrit, raconté ou standardisé. Les candidatures spontanées arrivent sans médiation, ce qui engendre une forte incertitude sur la qualité des candidats. S’ils ont déjà travaillé dans l’entreprise ou qu’ils sont déjà en emploi et non chômeurs, ils ont davantage de chances d’avoir été recrutés via ce canal, plutôt que d’une autre façon. Ce canal valorise également les personnes qui publient une annonce, faisant connaître leurs compétences par le biais de ce support. Par ailleurs, l’information qui circule de proche en proche par les réseaux de relations épouse le format du récit, plutôt que celui, écrit, du CV. Les personnes étrangères ou françaises par acquisition trouvent plus souvent par ce canal que par un autre; il en va de même des personnes dont l’entourage immédiat est en emploi. À la différence des deux autres canaux, l’institution publique conduit vers l’emploi des personnes sans lien antérieur avec l’entreprise qui les embauche et est surtout utile aux inactifs et aux chômeurs. Les personnes embauchées via ce canal ont, davantage que les autres, répondu à une annonce, ce qui illustre une certaine standardisation des candidatures réalisée par l’intermédiaire public, standardisation qui paraît peu favorable aux étrangers ou aux Français par acquisition. Lorsque le taux de chômage régional augmente, la probabilité d’avoir trouvé son emploi par candidature spontanée, après avoir démarché ainsi, augmente; en revanche, cette probabilité diminue pour les deux autres canaux.
Adjunctive osteopathic manipulative treatment in the elderly hospitalized with pneumonia: A pilot study
Authors: Noll Donald R , Shores Jay , Bryman Paul N , Masterson Eleanor V 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
To evaluate the benefit of osteopathic manipulative treatment in the elderly with pneumonia, the authors recruited 21 individuals older than 60 years whowere hospitalized with acute pneumonia. Eleven patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group and ten to the control group. The treatment groupreceived specific osteopathic manipulative treatment for somatic dysfunction and a standardized treatment protocol. Both groups received conventional therapy, and the attending physician was blind to group assignments. No significant difference existed between groups for age, sex, or severity of illness. Although the mean duration of leukocytosis, intravenous antibiotic treatment, and length of stay were shorter for the treatment group, these measures did not reach statistical significance. However, the mean duration of oral antibiotic use did reach statistical significance at 3.1 days for the treatment group and 0.8 day for the control group. Osteopathic manipulative treatment may reduce antibiotic use and length of stay; however, a larger study is needed to clarify this outcome.
Making a difference: The Osteopathic Approach Lecture Series
Authors: Danto Jay B , Kavieff T Reid 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The Osteopathic Approach Lecture Series (Osteopathic AppLeS) was created in response to both the current need in the osteopathic medical profession for a distinctive osteopathic identity and'lack of readily available information regarding an osteopathic approach. The series consisted of 16 lectures given to interns, extems, residents, and attendings at a community-based osteopathic hospital during a lO-month time span which emphasized and inculcated an osteopathic approach to patients with a variety of illnesses. Emphasis was placed on osteopathic manipulative treatment training throughout the series. Data were collected at individual presentations using a survey of participants and studied retrospectively. The results of the surveys indicated that using this type of presentation series may substantially increase confidence and knowledge in an osteopathic approach and osteopathic manipulative treatment skills.
The incidental diagnosis
Authors: Silverberg Lawrence I 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Incidental findings transcend medical practice. Two cases are discussed in which significant conditions were discovered during clinical examination for an unrelated disorder. The first case presents a disease reported for the first time in a male. Recent literature has alluded to missed diagnoses found only at autopsies With cost constraint as a national theme, the appropriate use of technology presents a challenge to the physician. The cases discussed raise questions about the process of diagnosis. Both situations bring to light the limitations of clinical investigation early in the pathologic process.
Gastropathy induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Prescribing patterns among geriatric practitioners
Authors: Pertusi Raymond M , Godwin Karen S , House Janelle K , Knebl Janice A , Alexander Jerry H , Rubin Bernard R , Forman Mitchell D 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine patterns among geriatric practitioners in prescribing agents that protect the gastrointestinaltract when nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) treatment is started for elderly patients. A questionnaire describing five scenarios of elderly patients requiring NSAID therapy asked respondents to choose gastrointestinal-protective agents for each scenario. Respondents were then asked to what extent four established risk factors for NSAID gastropathy (age, previous peptic ulcer, previous gastrointestinal bleeding, and heart disease) affected their choices. The choice of gastrointestinal-protective agent was compared with the training and experience of the respondents. This self-administered survey was provided to 821 randomly selected physicians from the membership of the American Geriatrics Society throughout the United States and Puerto Rico. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 6.1.4, was used to obtain frequencies. Of 821 surveys, 229 (28%) were returned. It was found that well elderly patients and nursing home residents were not treated with any gastrointestinal-protective agent by 64 % (well elderly patients) and 32% (nursing home residents) of respondents. Among respondents who would prescribe, about half would choose misoprostol for a well elderly patient or a nursing home resident, whereas half or more preferred histamine H2-receptor antagonists. Twenty-three percent would not prescribe misoprostol when NSAID therapy was resumed after an active ulcer had healed, and 68 % preferred H2 antagonists in that setting. The difference in response attributable to training/experience was less than 9%. Factors that did not affect prescribing patterns included the patient's age (15% to 62%) and heart disease (44% to 50%). The study concluded that age and heart disease are risk factors to which physicians give less consideration when choosing gastrointestinal-protective agents. Although misoprostolis the only agent approved by the Food and Drug Administration for prophylaxis against NSAID gastropathy, 23 % of respondents chose not to prescribe misoprostol whenNSAID therapy 'was resumed after an active ulcer had healed. Histamine H2-receptor antagonists were preferred over misoprostol for well elderly patients and nursing home residents. Training and experience were not responsible for differences among respondents' prescribing patterns.
A more productive, but different, ocean after mitigation
Authors: John Jasmin G. , Stock Charles A. , Dunne John P. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractReversibility studies suggest a lagged recovery of global mean sea surface temperatures after mitigation, raising the question of whether a similar lag is likely for marine net primary production (NPP). Here we assess NPP reversibility with a mitigation scenario in which projected Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 forcings are applied out to 2100 and then reversed over the course of the following century in a fully coupled carbon‐climate Earth System Model. In contrast to the temperature lag, we find a rapid increase in global mean NPP, including an overshoot to values above contemporary means. The enhanced NPP arises from a transient imbalance between the cooling surface ocean and continued warming in subsurface waters, which weakens upper ocean density gradients, resulting in deeper mixing and enhanced surface nitrate. We also find a marine ecosystem regime shift as persistent silicate depletion results in increased prevalence of large, non‐diatom phytoplankton.
Early Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis Features One Year After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Symptoms and Quality of Life at Three Years
Authors: Culvenor Adam G. , Collins Natalie J. , Guermazi Ali , Cook Jill L. , Vicenzino Bill , Whitehead Timothy S. , Morris Hayden G. , Crossley Kay M. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo determine whether the presence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) osteoarthritis (OA) features in the patellofemoral or tibiofemoral joint (i.e., bone marrow lesions, cartilage lesions, and osteophytes) and/or functional impairments, 1 year following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), can predict Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) at 3 years.MethodsA total of 93 participants (56 [60%] men, mean ± SD age 29 ± 9 years) who had undergone MRI examination and functional testing at 1‐year post‐ACLR, completed the KOOS at 3 years postsurgery. Multivariate regression models evaluated the prognostic capacity of compartment‐specific osteochondral OA features, scored using the MRI Osteoarthritis Knee Score, and functional performance (hop for distance, 1‐leg rise), to predict outcome on 4 KOOS subscales (pain, symptoms, sport/recreation, and quality of life [QOL]).ResultsPresence of patellofemoral cartilage lesions 1‐year post‐ACLR predicted worse score on all KOOS subscales at 3 years (P ≤ 0.01). Regression coefficients (B) were −5.1 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] −9.1, −1.2) for symptoms, −4.0 (95% CI −6.7, −1.4) for pain, −6.7 (95% CI −11.0, −2.4) for sport/recreation, and −8.6 (95% CI −15.1, −2.1) for QOL. No significant associations were found between tibiofemoral MRI features and knee symptoms. Poorer performance on the 1‐leg‐rise test predicted worse KOOS‐QOL (B −6.5 [95% CI −12.4, −0.5], P = 0.03).ConclusionThe presence of a patellofemoral articular cartilage lesion and lower 1‐leg‐rise performance at 1 year postsurgery are prognostic for poorer 3‐year outcome following ACLR. Particular attention to patellofemoral compartment lesions and functional capacity is warranted during postoperative rehabilitation programs, as these features represent potential targets for therapy aimed at minimizing symptomatic disease progression in these young adults.
Visible‐Light‐Catalyzed Direct Benzylic C(sp3)–H Amination Reaction by Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling
Authors: Pandey Ganesh , Laha Ramkrishna 
Published: October 2015

AbstractA conceptually new and synthetically valuable cross‐dehydrogenative benzylic C(sp3)–H amination reaction is reported by visible‐light photoredox catalysis. This protocol employs DCA (9,10‐dicyanoanthracene) as a visible‐light‐absorbing photoredox catalyst and an amide as the nitrogen source without the need of either a transition metal or an external oxidant.
Macroscopic Graphene Fibers Directly Assembled from CVD‐Grown Fiber‐Shaped Hollow Graphene Tubes
Authors: Chen Tao , Dai Liming 
Published: October 2015

AbstractUsing a copper wire as the substrate for the CVD growth of a hollow multilayer graphene tube, we prepared a macroscopic porous graphene fiber by removing the copper in an aqueous mixture solution of iron chloride (FeCl3, 1 M) and hydrochloric acid (HCl, 3 M) and continuously drawing the newly released graphene tube out of the liquid. The length of the macroscopic graphene fiber thus produced is determined mainly by the length of the copper wire used. The resultant macroscopic graphene fiber with the integrated graphene structure exhibited a high electrical conductivity (127.3 S cm−1) and good flexibility over thousands bending cycles, showing great promise as flexible electrodes for wearable optoelectronics and energy devices—exemplified by its use as a flexible conductive wire for lighting a LED and a cathode in a fiber‐shaped dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with one of the highest energy conversion efficiencies (3.25 %) among fiber‐shaped DSSCs.
Asymmetric Formal Synthesis of Azadirachtin
Authors: Mori Naoki , Kitahara Takeshi , Mori Kenji , Watanabe Hidenori 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAn asymmetric formal synthesis of azadirachtin, a potent insect antifeedant, was accomplished in 30 steps to Ley’s synthetic intermediate (longest linear sequence). The synthesis features: 1) rapid access to the optically active right‐hand segment starting from the known 5‐hydroxymethyl‐2‐cyclopentenone scaffold; 2) construction of the B and E rings by a key intramolecular tandem radical cyclization; 3) formation of the hemiacetal moiety in the C ring through the α‐oxidation of the six‐membered lactone followed by methanolysis.
Linking Semiconductor Nanocrystals into Gel Networks through All‐Inorganic Bridges
Authors: Singh Amita , Lindquist Beth A. , Ong Gary K. , Jadrich Ryan B. , Singh Ajay , Ha Heonjoo , Ellison Christopher J. , Truskett Thomas M. , Milliron Delia J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFor colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs), replacement of insulating organic capping ligands with chemically diverse inorganic clusters enables the development of functional solids in which adjacent NCs are strongly coupled. Yet controlled assembly methods are lacking to direct the arrangement of charged, inorganic cluster‐capped NCs into open networks. Herein, we introduce coordination bonds between the clusters capping the NCs thus linking the NCs into highly open gel networks. As linking cations (Pt2+) are added to dilute (under 1 vol %) chalcogenidometallate‐capped CdSe NC dispersions, the NCs first form clusters, then gels with viscoelastic properties. The phase behavior of the gels for variable [Pt2+] suggests they may represent nanoscale analogues of bridged particle gels, which have been observed to form in certain polymer colloidal suspensions.
The Structure of a Plant Tyrosinase from Walnut Leaves Reveals the Importance of “Substrate‐Guiding Residues” for Enzymatic Specificity
Authors: Bijelic Aleksandar , Pretzler Matthias , Molitor Christian , Zekiri Florime , Rompel Annette 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTyrosinases and catechol oxidases are members of the class of type III copper enzymes. While tyrosinases accept both mono‐ and o‐diphenols as substrates, only the latter substrate is converted by catechol oxidases. Researchers have been working for decades to elucidate the monophenolase/diphenolase specificity on a structural level and have introduced an early hypothesis that states that the reason for the lack of monophenolase activity in catechol oxidases may be its structurally restricted active site. However, recent structural and biochemical studies of this enzyme class have raised doubts about this theory. Herein, the first crystal structure of a plant tyrosinase (from Juglans regia) is presented. The structure reveals that the distinction between mono‐ and diphenolase activity does not depend on the degree of restriction of the active site, and thus a more important role for amino acid residues located at the entrance to and in the second shell of the active site is proposed.
Over‐Oxidation as the Key Step in the Mechanism of the MoCl5‐Mediated Dehydrogenative Coupling of Arenes
Authors: Schubert Moritz , Franzmann Peter , Wünsche von Leupoldt Anica , Koszinowski Konrad , Heinze Katja , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMolybdenum pentachloride is an unusually powerful reagent for the dehydrogenative coupling of arenes. Owing to the high reaction rate using MoCl5, several labile moieties are tolerated in this transformation. The mechanistic course of the reaction was controversially discussed although indications for a single electron transfer as the initial step were found recently. Herein, based on a combined study including synthetic investigations, electrochemical measurements, EPR spectroscopy, DFT calculations, and mass spectrometry, we deduct a highly consistent mechanistic scenario: MoCl5 acts as a one‐electron oxidant in the absence of TiCl4 and as two‐electron oxidant in the presence of TiCl4, but leads to an over‐oxidized intermediate in both cases, which protects it from side reactions. In the course of aqueous work‐up the reagent waste (MoIII/IV species) acts as reducing agent generating the desired organic C−C coupling product.
Using Signal Processing Diagnostics to Improve Public Sector Evaluations
Authors: Matthews Mark 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFalse positive test results that overstate intervention impacts can distort and constrain the capability to learn and adapt in governance, and are therefore best avoided. This article considers the benefits of using the Bayesian techniques used in signal processing and machine learning to identify cases of these false positive test results in public sector evaluations. These approaches are increasingly used in medical diagnosis—a context in which (like public policy) avoiding false positive and false negative test results in the evidence base is very important. The findings from a UK National Audit Office review of evaluation quality are used to illustrate how a Bayesian diagnostic framework for use in public sector evaluations could be developed.
Abatacept Inhibition of T Cell Priming in Mice by Induction of a Unique Transcriptional Profile That Reduces Their Ability to Activate Antigen‐Presenting Cells
Authors: Patakas Agapitos , Ji Rui‐Ru , Weir William , Connolly Sean E. , Benson Robert A. , Nadler Steven G. , Brewer James M. , McInnes Iain B. , Garside Paul 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo determine at the phenotypic, functional, and transcriptional levels whether abatacept, a CTLA‐4Ig molecule that binds with high affinity to CD80/86 on antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) and is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, induces a state of immunologic tolerance in T cells and dendritic cells in mice.MethodsWe investigated the capacity of abatacept to regulate the development of antigen‐specific immunologic tolerance in vivo using murine models of priming and tolerance to generate highly purified antigen‐specific T cell populations and CD11c+ APCs. These were combined with detailed immunologic and full genome transcriptional analyses.ResultsWe found that abatacept inhibited T cell activation, but did not render T cells anergic or lead to the generation of Treg cells. However, it induced a sustained inhibition of T cell activation due to the inability of these cells to progress through the cell cycle following T cell receptor stimulation. We also observed that this state was accompanied by an inhibition of dendritic cell activation due to their reduced licensing by T cells.ConclusionThis study provides detailed insight into the mode of action of abatacept, demonstrating that its effectiveness is not due to the induction of T cell tolerance, but rather to a sustained inhibition of T cell activation that results in reduced functionality of APCs, with significant implications for its clinical application.
Brief Report: Six‐Week Treatment of Axial Spondyloarthritis Patients With an Optimal Dose of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs: Early Response to Treatment in Signal Intensity on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Sacroiliac Joints
Authors: Varkas G. , Jans L. , Cypers H. , Van Praet L. , Carron P. , Elewaut D. , Van den Bosch F. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the early effect of full‐dose nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the extent and intensity of bone marrow edema of the sacroiliac (SI) joints on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in axial spondyloarthritis (SpA).MethodsA single‐center, 6‐week study of a cohort of consecutive patients with clinically suspected axial SpA was conducted. A total of 117 patients were screened. Forty patients who were diagnosed as having axial SpA and had presented with a positive MRI of the SI joints as defined by the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) criteria were considered for a followup MRI after 6 weeks of an optimal dose of NSAIDs. Twenty patients completed the study. Disease activity was monitored by determining the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score every 2 weeks and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index score at baseline and week 6. NSAID intake was assessed by the ASAS NSAID index. Primary end points were improvement in bone marrow edema of the SI joints on MRI and BASDAI response at week 6.ResultsApproximately one‐third of eligible patients newly diagnosed as having axial SpA were unable to continue the full‐dose NSAID schedule. The median NSAID index was 97% in patients who completed the study. There was a reduction of 1.1 units (10.5%) in mean Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) scores at week 6 in comparison to baseline (P = 0.032). Overall, only 30% of the patients (6 of 20) had a minimal clinically important difference of ≥2.5 in SPARCC score. However, 80% of the patients displayed high‐intensity lesions on STIR images at baseline, which decreased significantly at week 6 (P = 0.011). There was a significant decrease in the relative intensity of the region of interest (P = 0.007) and a mean decrease of 0.6 in the BASDAI score per 2 weeks of therapy (P = 0.001). Only 29.4% of the patients met the BASDAI criteria for 50% improvement (BASDAI50) at week 6.ConclusionOur findings indicate a high level of dropout among patients receiving full‐dose NSAID therapy in daily practice. In those who tolerated NSAID therapy, there was no clinically relevant decrease in SPARCC scores and low BASDAI50 response. However, we found a decrease in signal intensity of bone marrow edema of the SI joints as an early response to 6 weeks of optimal NSAID therapy in patients newly presenting with axial SpA.