bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of bladder and colon afferents in the nodose ganglia of male rats
Authors: Herrity April N. , Rau Kristofer K. , Petruska Jeffrey C. , Stirling David P. , Hubscher Charles H. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThe sensory neurons innervating the urinary bladder and distal colon project to similar regions of the central nervous system and often are affected simultaneously by various diseases and disorders, including spinal cord injury. Anatomical and physiological commonalities between the two organs involve the participation of shared spinally derived pathways, allowing mechanisms of communication between the bladder and colon. Prior electrophysiological data from our laboratory suggest that the bladder also may receive sensory innervation from a nonspinal source through the vagus nerve, which innervates the distal colon as well. The present study therefore aimed to determine whether anatomical evidence exists for vagal innervation of the male rat urinary bladder and to assess whether those vagal afferents also innervate the colon. Additionally, the relative contribution to bladder and colon sensory innervation of spinal and vagal sources was determined. By using lipophilic tracers, neurons that innervated the bladder and colon in both the nodose ganglia (NG) and L6/S1 and L1/L2 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were quantified. Some single vagal and spinal neurons provided dual innervation to both organs. The proportions of NG afferents labeled from the bladder did not differ from spinal afferents labeled from the bladder when considering the collective population of total neurons from either group. Our results demonstrate evidence for vagal innervation of the bladder and colon and suggest that dichotomizing vagal afferents may provide a neural mechanism for cross‐talk between the organs. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3667–3682, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Application of improved back propagation algorithm in color difference detection of fabric
Authors: Li Peng‐Fei , Wang Jing , Jing Jun‐Feng 
Published: May 2014

AbstractColor is an indispensable indicator of product quality evaluation. To detect the color difference of fabrics, the Levenberg–Marquardt optimized back propagation (BP) algorithm is adopted to extract the color feature values of fabric images. First, RGB values are three inputs of BP neural network, and L*a*b* values measured by spectrophotometer are three outputs of the network. The trained network can obtain the corresponding L*a*b* values conveniently. Then the color difference can be calculated through color difference formula and the characteristic values obtained above. Finally, compared with the color difference calculated by the spectrophotometer, the most appropriate formula can be selected from the four formulas listed in the article (CIEDE2000, CMC, CIE94, and CIELAB) to acquire satisfying results. The experimental results reveal that the color difference of fabrics can be detected with a high accuracy and efficiency with this method. Plenty of duplication workloads and some complex conversion formulas can be avoided, making the acquirement of color difference more efficiently. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 311–317, 2015
Sensitive Detection of Trypsin using Liquid‐Crystal Droplet Patterns Modulated by Interactions between Poly‐L‐Lysine and a Phospholipid Monolayer
Authors: Zhang Minmin , Jang Chang‐Hyun 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLiquid‐crystal (LC) droplet patterns are formed on a glass slide by evaporating a solution of nematic LC dissolved in heptane. In the presence of an anionic phospholipid, 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phospho‐rac‐(1‐glycerol) (DOPG), the LCs display a dark cross pattern, indicating a homeotropic orientation. When LC patterns are incubated with an aqueous mixture of DOPG and poly‐L‐lysine (PLL), there is a transition in the LC pattern from a dark cross to a bright fan shape due to the electrostatic interaction between DOPG and PLL. Known to catalyze the hydrolysis of PLL into oligopeptide fragments, trypsin is preincubated with PLL, significantly decreasing the interactions between PLL and DOPG. LCs adopt a perpendicular orientation at the water–LC droplet interface, which gives rise to a dark cross pattern. This optical response of LC droplets is the basis for a quick and sensitive biosensor for trypsin.
The efficiency of indicator groups for the conservation of amphibians in theBrazilianAtlanticForest
Authors: Campos Felipe Siqueira , Trindade‐Filho Joaquim , Brito Daniel , Llorente Gustavo A. , Solé Mirco 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe adequate selection of indicator groups of biodiversity is an important aspect of the systematic conservation planning. However, these assessments differ in the spatial scales, in the methods used and in the groups considered to accomplish this task, which generally produces contradictory results. The quantification of the spatial congruence between species richness and complementarity among different taxonomic groups is a fundamental step to identify potential indicator groups. Using a constructive approach, the main purposes of this study were to evaluate the performance and efficiency of eight potential indicator groups representing amphibian diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Data on the geographic range of amphibian species that occur in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest were overlapped to the full geographic extent of the biome, which was divided into a regular equal‐area grid. Optimization routines based on the concept of complementarily were applied to verify the performance of each indicator group selected in relation to the representativeness of the amphibians in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest as a whole, which were solved by the algorithm “simulated annealing,” through the use of the softwareMARXAN. Some indicator groups were substantially more effective than others in regard to the representation of the taxonomic groups assessed, which was confirmed by the high significance of the data (F = 312.76;P < 0.01). Leiuperidae was considered as the best indicator group among the families analyzed, as it showed a good performance, representing 71% of amphibian species in theBrazilianAtlanticForest (i.e., 290 species), which may be associated with the diffuse geographic distribution of their species. In this sense, this study promotes understanding of how the diversity standards of amphibians can be informative for systematic conservation planning on a regional scale.
Magnetoencephalographic signatures of right prefrontal cortex involvement in response inhibition
Authors: Hege Maike A. , Preissl Hubert , Stingl Krunoslav T. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe prefrontal cortex has a pivotal role in top‐down control of cognitive and sensory functions. In complex go‐nogo tasks, the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is considered to be important for guiding the response inhibition. However, little is known about the temporal dynamics and neurophysiological nature of this activity. To address this issue, we recorded magnetoencephalographic brain activity in 20 women during a visual go‐nogo task. The right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed an increase for the amplitude of the event‐related fields and an increase in induced alpha frequency band activity for nogo in comparison to go trials. The peak of this prefrontal activity preceded the mean reaction time of around 360 ms for go trials, and thus supports the proposed role of right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in gating the response inhibition and further suggests that right prefrontal alpha band activity might be involved in this gating. However, the results in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were similar for both successful and unsuccessful response inhibition. In these conditions, we instead observed pre‐ and poststimulus differences in alpha band activity in occipital and central areas. Thus, successful response inhibition seemed to additionally depend on prestimulus anticipatory alpha desynchronization in sensory areas as it was reduced prior to unsuccessful response inhibition. In conclusion, we suggest a role for functional inhibition by alpha synchronization not only in sensory, but also in prefrontal areas. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5236–5248, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heritability of structural brain network topology: A DTI study of 156 twins
Authors: Bohlken Marc M. , Mandl René C.W. , Brouwer Rachel M. , van den Heuvel Martijn P. , Hedman Anna M. , Kahn René S. , Hulshoff Pol Hilleke E. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIndividual variation in structural brain network topology has been associated with heritable behavioral phenotypes such as intelligence and schizophrenia, making it a candidate endophenotype. However, little is known about the genetic influences on individual variation in structural brain network topology. Moreover, the extent to which structural brain network topology overlaps with heritability for integrity and volume of white matter remains unknown. In this study, structural network topology was examined using diffusion tensor imaging at 3T. Binary connections between 82 structurally defined brain regions per subject were traced, allowing for estimation of individual topological network properties. Heritability of normalized characteristic path length (λ), normalized clustering coefficient (γ), microstructural integrity (FA), and volume of the white matter were estimated using a twin design, including 156 adult twins from the newly acquired U‐TWIN cohort. Both γ and λ were estimated to be under substantial genetic influence. The heritability of γ was estimated to be 68%, the heritability estimate for λ was estimated to be 57%. Genetic influences on network measures were found to be partly overlapping with volumetric and microstructural properties of white matter, but the largest component of genetic variance was unique to both network traits. Normalized clustering coefficient and normalized characteristic path length are substantially heritable, and influenced by independent genetic factors that are largely unique to network measures, but partly also implicated in white matter directionality and volume. Thus, network measures provide information about genetic influence on brain structure, independent of global white matter characteristics such as volume and microstructural directionality. Hum Brain Mapp 35:5295–5305, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thyroid status affects membranes susceptibility to free radicals and oxidative balance in skeletal muscle of Muscovy ducklings (Cairina moschata)
Authors: Rey Benjamin , Romestaing Caroline , Bodennec Jacques , Dumet Adeline , Fongy Anaïs , Duchamp Claude , Roussel Damien 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThyroid hormones (TH) are major contributor to oxidative stress in mammals because they (1) stimulate reactive oxygen species generation (ROS), (2) impair antioxidant defenses, and (3) increase the susceptibility to free radicals of most tissues. Unlike mammals, THs seem to diminish mitochondrial ROS while they have limited effect on the antioxidant machinery in birds. However, how THs modify the susceptibility to ROS has never been explored in an avian model, and very little is known about their effect on oxidative balance in birds. Therefore, the objective of our study was to examine the effect of chronic pharmacological hypo‐ and hyperthyroidism on (i) the susceptibility of mitochondrial membranes to ROS; and (ii) the level of oxidative stress assessed by measuring oxidative damage to lipids, nucleic acids and proteins in the gastrocnemius muscle of ducklings. We show that hypothyroidism had no effect on the susceptibility of mitochondrial membranes to free radicals. Hypothyroid ducklings had lower oxidized lipids (−31%) and DNA (−25%) but a similar level of protein carbonylation relative to controls. Conversely, mitochondrial membranes of hyperthyroid ducklings exhibited higher unsaturation (+12%) and peroxidation (+31%) indexes than in controls indicating a greater susceptibility to free radicals. However, hyperthyroid ducklings exhibited more oxidative damages on proteins (+67%) only, whereas lipid damages remained unchanged, and there was a slight reduction (−15%) in damages to DNA compared to euthyroid controls. Our results indicate that birds and mammals present fundamental differences in their oxidative stress response to thyroid status. J. Exp. Zool. 321A: 415–421, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a Nationally Representative Mexican Community Sample
Authors: Borges Guilherme , Benjet Corina , Petukhova Maria , Medina‐Mora Maria Elena 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study describes the public health burden of trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in relation to the full range of traumatic events to identify the conditional risk of PTSD from each traumatic event experienced in the Mexican population and other risk factors. The representative sample comprised a subsample (N = 2,362) of the urban participants of the Mexican National Comorbidity Survey (2001−2002). We used the World Health Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) to assess exposure to trauma and the presence of PTSD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM‐IV; American Psychiatric Association, ) in each respondents’ self‐reported worst traumatic event, as well as a randomly selected lifetime trauma. The results showed that traumatic events were extremely common in Mexico (68.8%). The estimate of lifetime PTSD in the whole population was 1.5%; among only those with a traumatic event it was 2.1%. The 12‐month prevalence of PTSD in the whole population was 0.6%; among only those with a traumatic event it was 0.8%. Violence‐related events were responsible for a large share of PTSD. Sexual violence, in particular, was one of the greatest risks for developing PTSD. These findings support the idea that trauma in Mexico should be considered a public health concern.
Bone mineral 31P and matrix‐bound water densities measured by solid‐state 31P and 1H MRI
Authors: Seifert Alan C. , Li Cheng , Rajapakse Chamith S. , Bashoor‐Zadeh Mahdieh , Bhagat Yusuf A. , Wright Alexander C. , Zemel Babette S. , Zavaliangos Antonios , Wehrli Felix W. 
Published: May 2014

Bone is a composite material consisting of mineral and hydrated collagen fractions. MRI of bone is challenging because of extremely short transverse relaxation times, but solid‐state imaging sequences exist that can acquire the short‐lived signal from bone tissue. Previous work to quantify bone density via MRI used powerful experimental scanners. This work seeks to establish the feasibility of MRI‐based measurement on clinical scanners of bone mineral and collagen‐bound water densities, the latter as a surrogate of matrix density, and to examine the associations of these parameters with porosity and donors’ age.Mineral and matrix‐bound water images of reference phantoms and cortical bone from 16 human donors, aged 27–97 years, were acquired by zero‐echo‐time 31‐phosphorus (31P) and 1‐hydrogen (1H) MRI on whole body 7T and 3T scanners, respectively. Images were corrected for relaxation and RF inhomogeneity to obtain density maps. Cortical porosity was measured by micro‐computed tomography (μCT), and apparent mineral density by peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT). MRI‐derived densities were compared to X‐ray‐based measurements by least‐squares regression.Mean bone mineral 31P density was 6.74 ± 1.22 mol/l (corresponding to 1129 ± 204 mg/cc mineral), and mean bound water 1H density was 31.3 ± 4.2 mol/l (corresponding to 28.3 ± 3.7 %v/v). Both 31P and bound water (BW) densities were correlated negatively with porosity (31P: R2 = 0.32, p < 0.005; BW: R2 = 0.63, p < 0.0005) and age (31P: R2 = 0.39, p < 0.05; BW: R2 = 0.70, p < 0.0001), and positively with pQCT density (31P: R2 = 0.46, p < 0.05; BW: R2 = 0.50, p < 0.005). In contrast, the bone mineralization ratio (expressed here as the ratio of 31P density to bound water density), which is proportional to true bone mineralization, was found to be uncorrelated with porosity, age or pQCT density.This work establishes the feasibility of image‐based quantification of bone mineral and bound water densities using clinical hardware. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small airways dysfunction in long‐term survivors of pediatric stem cell transplantation
Authors: Uhlving Hilde Hylland , Mathiesen Sidsel , Buchvald Frederik , Green Kent , Heilmann Carsten , Gustafsson Per , Müller Klaus , Nielsen Kim Gjerum 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackgroundChronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGvHD) in the lungs is a life‐threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Pulmonary cGvHD is initiated in the peripheral airways, and diagnosis may be delayed by low sensitivity of standard pulmonary function tests. Multiple breath nitrogen washout (MBWN2) is a promising, sensitive method to assess small airways function. This is the first report on MBWN2 in survivors of pediatric HSCT.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study undertaken 3–10 years post‐HSCT, included 64 patients and 64 matched controls who all performed spirometry, whole‐body plethysmography and MBWN2. From MBWN2 the lung clearance index (LCI) and indices reflecting ventilation inhomogeneity arising close to the acinar lung zone (Sacin) and in the conductive airway zone (Scond) were derived. Subjective respiratory morbidity was assessed using the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire.ResultsLCI, Sacin, and Scond were significantly higher in HSCT‐patients compared with controls. Despite few reported symptoms and normal forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) in 91%, LCI, Scond, and Sacin were abnormal in 34%, 52%, and 25% of HSCT‐patients, respectively. LCI and Scond correlated weakly with spirometric findings in HSCT‐patients, but not in controls. Scond was abnormal in 82% (9/11) of patients with evidence of cGvHD, and was associated with cGvHD in the multivariate analysis (r2 = 0.26, P = 0.001).ConclusionsSmall airways dysfunction as measured by MBWN2 was a common finding at long term follow‐up of children after allogeneic HSCT and was associated with cGvHD. The majority of these subjects had normal spirometric values and did not report any respiratory symptoms. Prospective studies are required to evaluate the long term clinical consequences of these signs of small airway disease and the value of MBWN2 as an early marker of pulmonary cGvHD. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2015; 50:704–712. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Impact of Supervision Training on Genetic Counselor Supervisory Identity Development
Authors: Atzinger Carrie L. , Lewis Kimberly , Martin Lisa J. , Yager Geoffrey , Ramstetter Catherine , Wusik Katie 
Published: May 2014

AbstractSupervision is critical to the training of genetic counselors. Limited research exists on the influence of supervision training and experience on the development of genetic counseling supervisors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of supervision training in addition to supervisory and clinical experience on supervisory identity development, and the perceived confidence and competence supervisors have in their own supervisory skills. In addition, we explored genetic counselors’ (N = 291) interest in and barriers to training as well as perspectives on requirements for supervisors. Results indicated clinical experience, supervision experience, and formal supervision training are positively associated with genetic counselors’ supervisory identity development as measured by the Psychotherapy Supervisory Development Scale (PSDS) (p < 0.05). Despite a moderate correlation between supervision experience and formal training (ρ = 0.42, p < 0.001), both had independent effects on PSDS scores (p < 0.04). A majority of genetic counselors were interested in receiving supervision training but noted lack of available training as a barrier. The majority of participants indicated that supervisors should be certified as genetic counselors, but there was no consensus on training requirements. Development of additional supervision training opportunities for genetic counselors should be considered.
Risk perception and sexual behavior in HPV‐vaccinated and unvaccinated young Colombian women
Authors: Ruiz‐Sternberg Ángela M. , Pinzón‐Rondón Ángela M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo compare sexual behaviors and risk perception between young women vaccinated for HPV and unvaccinated Colombian women.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional design study, 1436 women (231 adolescents, < 18 years; 1205 young women, 18–26 years) completed a self‐administered questionnaire between May 2011 and March 2012 in Bogotá, Colombia. Data from vaccinated and unvaccinated women were compared by descriptive statistics and multivariate models.ResultsSexual risk behaviors were not associated with vaccination after adjustment for risk perception, age, educational level, and HPV knowledge. By contrast, vaccination was associated with higher routine Pap smear screening (odds ratio [OR], 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69–3.28), use of modern contraceptives (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.26–3.22), and consistent use of condoms (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11–2.01). Vaccinated young women were more likely to have had sex (OR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.56–2.78), but sexual debut among adolescents was not associated with vaccination. In bivariate and multivariate analyses, vaccination status was negatively associated with perceived risk of HPV infection, warts, and cervical cancer. There was no association between vaccination and perceived risk of sexually transmitted infections in any model.ConclusionNo association was found between changes in risk perception after HPV vaccination and sexual risk behaviors.
Performance effects of using an ERP system for manufacturing planning and control under dynamic market requirements
Authors: Tenhiälä Antti , Helkiö Pekka 
Published: May 2014

AbstractEnterprise resource planning (ERP) systems have a controversial reputation. Critics say that even if ERP systems may be beneficial for organizations operating in stable conditions, they are surely detrimental to organizations that face dynamic market requirements. This is because ERP systems are said to impose such procedures and constraints on organizations that make business processes inflexible to change. In contrast, proponents argue that the information‐processing capabilities of ERP systems are crucial for organizations that face dynamic market requirements and also that the criticized procedures and constraints actually support process reengineering. These two contradictory arguments are often found in practitioner literature, but both of them can also be supported by management theory. The central tenets of the Organic Theory of organization design imply that ERP systems should be detrimental when market requirements change frequently, whereas the principles of Rigid Flexibility Theory suggest that they should be advantageous. In this study, we use cross‐sectional data from 151 manufacturing plants to determine which argument is more applicable in the context of manufacturing planning and control. The results strongly favor the use of ERP systems under dynamic market requirements. To facilitate the reconciliation of the two contradictory arguments, we discuss how the results may have been influenced by two contextual factors: the predominantly technical nature of the studied organizational system and the tight interdependence of the studied activities.