bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparison of quality satisfaction between transactional and relational customers in e-commerce
Authors: Yen Yung-Shen 
Published: October 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine quality satisfaction between transactional and relational customers in e-commerce, and it also explores the moderating effect of perceived control and perceived enjoyment on quality satisfaction.

Design/methodology/approach
– Multivariate analysis of variance and two-way ANOVA were conducted to test the study hypotheses. The samples include 470 university students in the northeastern USA to whom an online survey was administered.

Findings
– Results show that system quality satisfaction is more significant for transactional customers, but information quality and service quality satisfactions are more important for relational customers. Moreover, perceived control and perceived enjoyment partially moderate quality satisfaction between transactional and relational customers.

Research limitations/implications
– One limitation is that a student cohort is selected as the sample. This study verifies the understanding of quality satisfaction between transactional and relational customers in e-commerce.

Practical implications
– Practitioners shall consider the quality of services for fitting different types of customers. While a high-quality system design is better for new customers, high-quality information and service support is helpful for loyal customers. However, if loyal customers have a high degree of perceived control, they may also be more sensitive to system quality satisfaction. Similarly, if new customers have a high degree of perceived control or a high degree of perceived enjoyment, they may be more sensitive to information quality satisfaction.

Originality/value
– This study contributes to the knowledge regarding quality satisfaction for transactional and relational customers in e-commerce.
Emergency Department Visits in the United States for Pediatric Depression: Estimates of Charges and Hospitalization
Authors: Sun Diana , Abraham Ivo , Slack Marion , Skrepnek Grant H. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to calculate national estimates of depression‐related emergency department (ED) visits and associated health care resource use among children and adolescents 17 years or younger. Another goal was to explore the effects of certain sociodemographic and health care system factors and comorbidities on ED charges and subsequent hospitalization in the United States.MethodsThe authors analyzed data from the 2006 and 2009 National Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), the largest source of U.S. ED data. ED visits with all listed diagnoses (i.e., principal diagnosis plus secondary conditions) of depression were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes 293.83, 296.2X, 296.3X, 300.4, and 311. Population‐based estimates of ED visits, hospitalization, resource use, comorbidities, and demographics associated with pediatric depression were calculated. Potentially significant covariate associations were also explored using ED charges and hospital admission from the ED.ResultsThe 2006 and 2009 NEDS sample contained 365,713 ED visits for pediatric depression; the majority were made by adolescents (87.9%). Of these, 27.2% were admitted to the hospital, 69.5% were treated and released, and <0.1% died in ED. The ED charges in 2012 U.S. dollars summed to a hospital bill of $443.8 million, with the ED plus inpatient charges ($1.2 billion) being more than double that amount. The median inpatient length of stay (LOS) was 4.0 days. Suicide and intentional self‐inflicted injury were attempted by 31.4% of the patients. Attention‐deficit, conduct, and disruptive disorders; anxiety disorders; substance use disorders; asthma; and infections were the most common comorbidities. In year 2009, a higher number of diagnoses, older age, being female, key comorbidities, and suicide and intentional self‐inflicted injury were significantly associated with higher ED charges (all p < 0.05). Increased odds of hospital admission from the ED were significantly associated with a higher number of diagnoses, key comorbidities, and suicide and intentional self‐inflicted injury (all p < 0.05).ConclusionsPediatric depression is common in the ED and is associated with significant burden to the health care system. Certain factors such as a higher number of diagnoses, key comorbidities, and suicide and intentional self‐inflicted injury are associated with increased health care costs and resource use. Special attention should be given to these factors, when present.
Ethics Seminars: A Best‐practice Approach to Navigating the Against‐Medical‐Advice Discharge
Authors: Clark Mark A. , Abbott Jean T. , Adyanthaya Tara 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPatients who sign out or choose to leave the emergency department (ED) against medical advice (AMA) present important challenges. The current approach to the complex legal, ethical, and medical challenges that arise when adult patients decline medical care in the ED would benefit from a systematic best‐practice strategy to maximize patient care outcomes, minimize legal risk, and reach the optimal ethical standard for this at‐risk population. Professional responsibilities generated during an AMA encounter include determination of patient decision‐making capacity, balancing protection of patient autonomy with prevention of harm, providing the best alternatives for patients who decline some or all of the proposed plan, negotiating to encourage patients to stay, planning for subsequent care, and documenting what transpired.We present two cases that illustrate key insights into a best‐practice approach for emergency physicians (EPs) to address problems arising when patients want or need to leave the ED prior to completion of their care. We propose a practical, systematic framework, “AIMED” (assess, investigate, mitigate, explain, and document), that can be consistently applied in situations where patients consider leaving or do leave before their evaluations and urgent treatment are complete. Our goal is to maximize patient outcomes, minimize legal risk, and encourage a consistent and ethical approach to these vulnerable patients.
The Accuracy of Bedside Ultrasonography as a Diagnostic Tool for Fractures in the Ankle and Foot
Authors: Atilla Ozge Duman , Yesilaras Murat , Kilic Turgay Yilmaz , Tur Feriyde Caliskan , Reisoglu Ali , Sever Mustafa , Aksay Ersin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectivesUltrasonography (US) has been shown to be helpful in diagnosing fractures in the emergency department (ED) setting. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of US for fractures in patients presenting to the ED with foot and/or ankle sprain and positive Ottawa foot and ankle rules.MethodsThis was a prospective study of consecutive patients aged 18 years and over were admitted to the ED with acute foot and/or ankle sprain and positive Ottawa foot and ankle rules. After the patients by were examined by bedside US, anteroposterior and lateral ankle radiographs were obtained, as well as anteroposterior and oblique foot radiographs. The films were evaluated by an orthopedic surgeon who was blinded to the US examination results. The orthopedic surgeon's evaluation was considered the criterion standard for diagnosing a fracture.ResultsA total of 246 patients were included in the study. In 76 (30.9%) of the patients, a total of 79 fractures were detected by radiography. Ten false‐negative and nine false‐positive results were obtained by US examination. Only one patient, whose US showed a fracture but whose radiographs were normal, had a fracture detected by computed tomography (CT). The sensitivity and specificity of US scanning in detecting fractures were 87.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 77.5% to 93.4%) and 96.4% (95% CI = 93.1% to 98.2%), respectively.ConclusionsUltrasound had good sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing fifth metatarsal, lateral, and medial malleolus fractures in the patients with foot and/or ankle sprain. However, sensitivity and specificity of US for navicular fractures were low.
Defining and developing expertise in tracheal intubation using a GlideScope® for anaesthetists with expertise in Macintosh direct laryngoscopy: an in‐vivo longitudinal study
Authors: Cortellazzi P. , Caldiroli D. , Byrne A. , Sommariva A. , Orena E. F. , Tramacere I. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryAlthough videolaryngoscopy can provide excellent views of the laryngeal structures as both the primary method of tracheal intubation and as a rescue technique for difficult direct laryngoscopy, the existing literature is inadequate to define expertise or even competence. We observed the performance of nine trainees during 890 intubations, with an additional 72 intubations performed by expert anaesthetists used as a control group. Univariate and multivariate mixed‐effects logistic regression models were applied to detect potential predictors of successful intubation and define the number of intubations necessary for a trainee to achieve expertise (> 90% probability of optimal performance). Optimal performance was predicted by single laryngoscope insertion (p < 0.001) and a Cormack and Lehane grade‐1 view (p < 0.001), and not by normal lifting force applied to the device (p = 0.15), with expertise reached after 76 attempts. These results indicate that expertise in videolaryngoscopy requires prolonged training and practice.
Epididymal contraction and sperm parameters are affected by clonidine
Authors: da Silva E. D. , de Souza B. P. , Vilela V. V. , Rodrigues J. Q. D. , Nichi M. , de Agostini Losano J. D. , Dalmazzo A. , Barnabe V. H. , Jurkiewicz A. , Jurkiewicz N. H. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe use of clonidine, a selective agonist of α2‐adrenoceptors, is related to the fertility impairment. Thus, it has been described that changes in the epididymal function are related to the loss of fertility. Therefore, this study was sought to further evaluate the effects of clonidine in the rat distal cauda epididymis contractions and its consequence in the sperm parameters. The in vitro effects of clonidine in the isolated distal cauda epididymis were evaluated by pharmacological experiments. The consecutive contractile responses for clonidine in distal cauda epididymis showed desensitization. The noradrenaline‐induced contractions were desensitized after in vitro clonidine pre‐treatment (10−5 m for 10 min). Clonidine was unable to alter the noradrenaline contractions if the in vitro pre‐treatment was made in the presence of idazoxan (α2‐adrenoceptor antagonist), whereas prazosin (α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist) was ineffective. Moreover, the in vitro clonidine pre‐treatment increased frequency and amplitude of spontaneous contraction of distal cauda epididymis. In addition, to induce in vivo desensitization of α2‐adrenoceptors, male Wistar rats were treated with crescent doses of clonidine and distal cauda of epididymis contraction and sperm parameters were analyzed. The in vivo treatment with clonidine diminished the potency of the contractions induced by adrenergic agonists and augmented the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous contraction of distal cauda epididymis. This treatment also altered the sperm transit time in epididymis, epididymal sperm reserves, sperm lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes activity. The results suggest that clonidine was able to affect the sperm quantity and quality by decreasing the transit time related to the increase in the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous contractions in epididymis, although the contractions induced by adrenergic agonists were desensitized.
Association of serum inorganic phosphate with sex steroid hormones and vitamin D in a nationally representative sample of men
Authors: Wulaningsih W. , Van Hemelrijck M. , Michaelsson K. , Kanarek N. , Nelson W. G. , Ix J. H. , Platz E. A. , Rohrmann S. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryDefects in bone regulatory pathways have been linked to chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and cancer. In men, a link between bone metabolism and gonadal hormones has been suggested. However, to date, there is lack of evidence on the association between serum inorganic phosphate (Pi) and sex steroid hormones. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between Pi, sex steroid hormones and a known Pi metabolic regulator, vitamin D, in men in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III). From NHANES III, we selected 1412 men aged 20+ who participated in the morning session of Phase I (1988–1991) with serum measurements of Pi, sex hormones, and vitamin D. Multivariable linear regression was used to calculate crude and geometric mean Pi by total and estimated free testosterone and estradiol, sex hormone‐binding globulin, androstanediol glucuronide (AAG), and vitamin D. Similar analyses were performed while stratifying by race/ethnicity and vitamin D levels. We found a lack of statistically significant difference in geometric means of Pi across quintiles of concentrations of sex hormones, indicating a tight regulation of Pi. However, Pi levels were inversely associated with calculated free testosterone in non‐Hispanic black men, with geometric mean levels of Pi of 1.16 and 1.02 ng/mL for those in the lowest and highest quintiles of free testosterone, respectively (p‐trend < 0.05). A similar but weaker pattern was seen between total testosterone and Pi. An inverse association was also seen between AAG and Pi in men with vitamin D concentration below the median (<24.2 ng/mL). No associations were observed among men with vitamin D levels at or above the median. Our findings suggest a weak link among sex hormones, vitamin D, and Pi in men. The observed effects of race/ethnicity and vitamin D indicate a complex association involving various regulators of Pi homeostasis.
Long‐term results of up to 12 years of over 700 cases of viscocanalostomy for open‐angle glaucoma
Authors: Grieshaber Matthias C. , Peckar Clive , Pienaar Ané , Koerber Norbert , Stegmann Robert 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeTo study the safety and long‐term efficacy of classic viscocanalostomy in patients with open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) in different populations.MethodsA total of 726 eyes of 726 patients from Europe or South Africa with primary OAG (POAG) and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXFG) were included in this retrospective multicentre study. Complete (qualified) success was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) equal to or lower than 21, 18 and 16 mmHg without (with or without) medications, respectively. A failed procedure was defined if IOP was above 21 mmHg, not controllable by laser goniopuncture or medications.ResultsThe mean IOP before surgery was 42.6 ± 14.2 mmHg for all patients, 29.6 ± 6.6 mmHg for European patients and 48.1 ± 12.9 mmHg for African patients. The follow‐up time was 86.2 ± 43.1 months. Mean IOP was 15.4 ± 3.6 mmHg at 5 years, 15.5 ± 4.4 mmHg at 10 years and 16.8 ± 4.2 mmHg at 15 years. The qualified success rate for an IOP of 21, 18 or 16 mmHg or less after 5 years was 92% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88–0.96], 70% (95% CI 0.63–0.77) and 43% (95% CI 0.36–0.51) in European patients, and 90% (95% CI 0.87–0.93), 77% (95% CI 0.74–0.81) and 67% (95% CI 0.63–0.72) in African patients, respectively. There was no difference between the success rate for POAG and PXFG for an IOP of 21, 18 or 16 mmHg or less at 5 years (p = 0.64, p = 0.20, p = 0.22, respectively). Laser goniopuncture was performed postoperatively on a total of 127 eyes (17.7%), lowering the pressure from 23.1 ± 1.9 mmHg to 15.0 ± 2.2 mmHg. There were no significant complications, in particular, no blebitis or endophthalmitis.ConclusionViscocanalostomy produced a sustained long‐term reduction of IOP with a low‐risk profile in European and African patients with OAG over 12 years.
Atypical birefringence pattern and the diagnostic ability of scanning laser polarimetry with enhanced corneal compensation in glaucoma
Authors: Rao Harsha L. , Yadav Ravi K. , Begum Viquar U. , Addepalli Uday K. , Senthil Sirisha , Choudhari Nikhil S. , Garudadri Chandra S. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the effect of typical scan score (TSS), when within the acceptable limits, on the diagnostic performance of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) parameters with the enhanced corneal compensation (ECC) protocol of scanning laser polarimetry (SLP) in glaucoma.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study, 203 eyes of 160 glaucoma patients and 140 eyes of 104 control subjects underwent RNFL imaging with the ECC protocol of SLP. TSS was used to quantify atypical birefringence pattern (ABP) images. Influence of TSS on the diagnostic ability of SLP parameters was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) regression models after adjusting for the effect of disease severity [based on mean deviation (MD)] on standard automated perimetry).ResultsDiagnostic abilities of all RNFL parameters of SLP increased when the TSS values were higher. This effect was statistically significant for TSNIT (coefficient: 0.08, p < 0.001) and inferior average parameters (coefficient: 0.06, p = 0.002) but not for nerve fibre indicator (NFI, coefficient: 0.03, p = 0.21). In early glaucoma (MD of −5 dB), predicted area under ROC curve (AUC) for TSNIT average parameter improved from 0.642 at a TSS of 90 to 0.845 at a TSS of 100. In advanced glaucoma (MD of −15 dB), AUC for TSNIT average improved from 0.832 at a TSS of 90 to 0.947 at 100.ConclusionDiagnostic performances of TSNIT and inferior average RNFL parameters with ECC protocol of SLP were significantly influenced by TSS even when the TSS values were within the acceptable limits. Diagnostic ability of NFI was unaffected by TSS values.
Effect of diabetes mellitus on Corvis ST measurement process
Authors: Pérez‐Rico Consuelo , Gutiérrez‐Ortíz Consuelo , González‐Mesa Ana , Zandueta Asunción M. , Moreno‐Salgueiro Agustín , Germain Francisco 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeDiabetes mellitus (DM) affects corneal biomechanical parameters. We compared analyses using ORA (Ocular response analyser) and Corvis ST to determine the influence of disease duration, hyperglycaemia and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels on these parameters.MethodsThis observational, cross‐sectional, observer‐masked study assessed one eye of 94 consecutive DM patients and 41 healthy subjects. Two DM groups were analysed: the uncontrolled DM group (n = 54) (HbA1c ≥ 7%) and the controlled DM group (n = 40) (HbA1c < 7%). Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured by ultrasonic pachymetry and intraocular pressure (IOP) by Goldmann applanation tonometry. ORA and Corvis ST analyses were performed to evaluate the changes.ResultsMost of the Corvis ST parameters [Deformation amplitude (DA), A1 and A2 times, A1 velocity] in the uncontrolled DM group eyes were found to be significantly different to controls and controlled DM group eyes (p = 0.005, p = 0.001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.002, respectively). DA on the Corvis ST was correlated with blood glucose concentration (p = 0.004) and HbA1c percentage (p = 0.002). ORA corneal hysteresis was significantly lower in diabetic patients with elevated HbA1c than in control subjects (p = 0.001) and was affected by disease duration (p = 0.037), whereas the corneal resistance factor remained unaltered.ConclusionsA poor glucose control in DM affects corneal biomechanics measured by ORA and Corvis ST, which may cause high IOP measurements independent of CCT. The measurement of the corneal biomechanics should be taken into consideration in the clinical practice.
Diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors in a society with a type 2 diabetes epidemic: a Saudi National Diabetes Registry‐based study
Authors: Al‐Rubeaan Khalid , Abu El‐Asrar Ahmed M. , Youssef Amira M. , Subhani Shazia N. , Ahmad Najlaa A. , Al‐Sharqawi Ahmad H. , Alguwaihes Abdullah , Alotaibi Metib S. , Al‐Ghamdi Ali , Ibrahim Heba M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeTo assess diabetic retinopathy prevalence and its risk factors in a society with type 2 diabetes epidemic using the Saudi National Diabetes Registry (SNDR).MethodThis is a cross‐sectional study using patient's clinical data found in SNDR data base. A cohort of 50 464 Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes aged ≥25 years were selected to assess for the prevalence and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy.ResultsThe overall prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is 19.7%, where 9.1% have non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), 10.6% have proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and 5.7% have macular oedema (ME). Duration of diabetes and age are the most significant risk factors for diabetic retinopathy with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 8.88 (8.30–9.50) and 5.76 (5.10–6.55), respectively. Nephropathy, neuropathy, insulin use, poor glycemic control, hypertension and male gender significantly increased the risk for diabetic retinopathy. Smoking, hyperlipidemia and obesity significantly reduced the risk for diabetic retinopathy among type 2 Saudi diabetic cohort.ConclusionvThe low prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in our registry may be a result of the shortage or absence of well‐structured screening programmes. Therefore, many patients with NPDR might have been missed. A prevention programme is needed to reduce the effect of diabetic retinopathy risk factors in this society.
Determining the size of retinal features in prematurely born children by fundus photography
Authors: Knaapi Laura , Lehtonen Tuomo , Vesti Eija , Leinonen Markku T. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractPurposeThe purpose was to study the effect of prematurity on the macula–disc centre distance and whether it could be used as a reference tool for determining the size of retinal features in prematurely born children by fundus photography.MethodsThe macula–disc centre distance of the left eye was measured in pixels from digital fundus photographs taken from 27 prematurely born children aged 10–11 years with Topcon fundus camera. A conversion factor for Topcon fundus camera (194.98 pixel/mm for a 50° lens) was used to convert the results in pixels into metric units.ResultsThe macula–disc centre distance was 4.74 mm, SD 0.29. No correlation between ametropia and the macula–disc centre distance was found (r = −0.07, p > 0.05). One child (subject 20) had high myopia and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and the macula–disc centre distance was longer than average (6.35 mm).DiscussionThe macula–disc centre distance in prematurely born children at the age of 10–11 years provides an easy‐to‐use reference tool for evaluating the size of retinal features on fundus photographs. However, if complications of ROP, for example temporal macular dragging or high ametropia, are present, the macula–disc centre distance is potentially altered and a personal macula–disc centre distance should be determined and used as a refined reference tool.