bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An assessment of biopolymer‐ and synthetic polymer‐based scaffolds for bone and vascular tissue engineering
Authors: Goonoo Nowsheen , Bhaw‐Luximon Archana , Bowlin Gary L , Jhurry Dhanjay 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe promise of tissue engineering is the combination of a scaffold with cells to initiate the regeneration of tissues or organs. Engineering of scaffolds is critical for success and tailoring of polymer properties is essential for their good performance. Many different materials of natural and synthetic origins have been investigated, but the challenge is to find those that have the right mix of mechanical performance, biodegradability and biocompatibility for biological applications. This article reviews key polymeric properties for bone and vascular scaffold eligibility with focus on biopolymers, synthetic polymers and their blends. The limitations of these polymeric systems and ways and means to improve scaffold performance specifically for bone and vascular tissue engineering are discussed. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of swirl‐like resistivity striations in n+‐type Sb doped Si wafers on the properties of Ag/porous silicon SERS substrates
Authors: Bandarenka Hanna , Artsemyeva Kseniya , Redko Sergey , Panarin Andrei , Terekhov Sergey , Bondarenko Vitaly 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPorous silicon (PS) represents the prospective template for the fabrication of metal/PS nanostructures. However n+‐type Sb doped Si Czochralski wafers widely used to fabricate PS may contain resistivity striations and as‐grown microdefects with specific spiral distribution which influence Si dissolution during the formation of PS by anodizing. This may strongly affect on the PS microstructure and repeatability of metal/PS properties causing an increase of risk of a device failure. In the present research we studied the morphology and SERS‐activity of Ag/PS nanostructures formed by Ag immersion deposition on PS. SEM investigation revealed unequal distribution of pore diameters in the surface regions of PS which corresponds to spiral swirl‐like distribution of resistivity revealed in Si wafer by anodizing. Morphological changes of Ag deposit on spiral areas were found to cause decreasing of intensity of SERS signal. Additional implantation of Sb ions followed by high temperature annealing has shown to be a technique to improve homogeneity of Ag/PS SERS substrates. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fundamental processes of radiation modification of semiconductor nanostructures
Authors: Djurabekova Flyura , Ashurov Khatam B. , Maksimov Sergey E. , Turaeva Nigora N. , Oksengendler B. L. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe amount of studies performed in the field of microscopic models of radiation nanophysics is rather limited and, with the exception of carbon nanostructures, they are non‐systematic. The purpose of the present work is to initiate a systematic approach to build the theoretical models of radiation nanophysics with the account for fundamental properties of nano‐objects. We choose at this stage to consider two basic phenomena (Frenkel pair formation and amorphization) modified by only one nanoproperty, i.e. the presence of an interface. We develop a mathematical framework to describe the modification on the nanoscale. From the general expression for the modified radiation phenomena, we find that any radiation effect can be modified at least by 48 ways. This predicts a very rich future of radiation nanophysics both in the fundamental and applied aspects. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
SRC: a multicore NPU‐based TCP stream reassembly card for deep packet inspection
Authors: Chen Shuhui , Lu Rongxing , Shen Xuemin (Sherman) 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTStream reassembly is the premise of deep packet inspection, regarded as the core function of network intrusion detection system and network forensic system. As moving packet payload from one block of memory to another is essential for the reason of packet disorder, throughput performance is very vital in stream reassembly design. In this paper, a stream reassembly card (SRC) is designed to improve the stream reassembly throughput performance. The designed SRC adjusts the sequence of packets on the basis of the multicore network processing unit by managing and reassembling streams through an additional level of buffer. Specifically, three optimistic techniques, namely stream table dispatching, no‐locking timeout, and multichannel virtual queue, are introduced to further improve the throughput. To address the critical role of memory size in SRC, the relationship between the system throughput and memory size is analyzed. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed SRC achieves more than 3 Gbps in terms of reassembly and submission throughput and triply outperforms the traditional server‐based architecture with a lower cost. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CXXR: an extensible R interpreter
Authors: Runnalls Andrew 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis paper describes CXXR, a project to refactor the R interpreter from C into C++, with a view to making the internals of the interpreter more readily accessible to researchers and developers.The continued growth of CRAN is a testament to the increasing number of developers engaged in R development. But far fewer researchers have experimented with the R interpreter itself. The code of the interpreter, written for the most part in C, is structured in a way that will be foreign to students brought up with object‐oriented programming, and the available documentation, though giving a general understanding of how the interpreter works, does not really enable a newcomer to start modifying the code with any confidence. The CXXR project is progressively refactoring the interpreter into C++, whilst all the time preserving existing functionality. By restructuring the code into tightly encapsulated and carefully documented classes, CXXR aims to open up the interpreter to more ready experimentation by statistical computing researchers.This paper focuses on the example task of providing, as a package, a new type of data vector, and shows how CXXR greatly facilitates such a task by internal changes to the structure of the interpreter, and by offering a higher‐level interface for packages to exploit. WIREs Comput Stat 2013, 5:181–189. doi: 10.1002/wics.1251This article is categorized under:

Software for Computational Statistics > Software/Statistical Software
Structure and Catalytic Activity of New Metal‐Organic Frameworks Based on Copper Cyanide and Quinoline Bases
Authors: Etaiw Safaa El‐din H. , Badr El‐din Ahmed S. , El‐bendary Mohamed M. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractTwo new metal‐organic frameworks (MOF), [(CuCN)2·(6‐mquin)2] (1) and [Me3SnCu(CN)2·(quina)2(H2O)2] (2) (6‐mquin = 6‐methyl quinolone, quina = quinaldic acid) were synthesized and characterized. Single crystals of MOF 1 were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, as well as X‐ray single crystal analysis. The structure of MOF 2 was studied by IR and NMR spectroscopy as well as computational studies. The structure of MOF 1 consists of 1D (CuCN)n chains, whereas the 6‐mquin ligands alternate on both sides of the chain. Hydrogen bonds play an essential role for the construction of the 3D network structure. On the other hand, the theoretical structural analysis of MOF 2 indicated that the Cu(CN)2 fragments represent the main building blocks of the structure, which are bridged by the Me3Sn+ cations to construct 1D infinite parallel zigzag chains. MOFs 1 and 2 were used as heterogeneous catalysts for the oxidative discoloration of methylene blue dye (MB) by H2O2.
Multimodal analysis of weakly nonlinear sloshing in a spherical tank
Authors: Faltinsen Odd M. , Timokha Alexander N. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractSloshing in a spherical tank due to horizontal excitation is studied by using the nonlinear multimodal method which involves the analytically approximate sloshing modes by Faltinsen & Timokha (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 703, 2012, pp. 391–401). General fully and weakly nonlinear modal equations are derived but an emphasis is on the Moiseev–Narimanov asymptotic modal system which implies that the forcing frequency is close to the lowest natural sloshing frequency and there are no secondary resonances in the forcing frequency range leading to a nonlinear resonant amplification of double and triple harmonics in higher modes. The Moiseev–Narimanov modal system is used to construct an asymptotic time-periodic solution and, thereby, classify the corresponding steady-state wave regimes appearing as stable and unstable planar waves and swirling. The results on the stability boundaries are compared with experiments by Sumner & Stofan (1963,Tech. Rep.TN D-1991, NASA Technical Note) and Sumner (1966,Tech. Rep.TN D-3210, NASA). A good agreement is established for$0. 2\leq h\lesssim 1$. Discrepancy for higher liquid depths$1\lesssim h\lt 2$are explained by secondary resonance.
A model of bubble-induced turbulence based on large-scale wake interactions
Authors: Riboux Guillaume , Legendre Dominique , Risso Frédéric 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNavier–Stokes simulations of the agitation generated by a homogeneous swarm of high-Reynolds-number rising bubbles are performed. The bubbles are modelled by fixed momentum sources of finite size randomly distributed in a uniform flow. The mesh grid is regular with a spacing close to the bubble size. This allows us to simulate a swarm of a few thousand bubbles in a computational domain of a hundred bubble diameters, which corresponds to a gas volume fraction $\alpha $ from 0.6 % to 4 %. The small-scale disturbances close to the bubbles are not resolved but the wakes are correctly described from a distance of a few diameters. This simple model reproduces well all the statistical properties of the vertical velocity fluctuations measured in previous experiments: scaling as ${\alpha }^{0. 4} $, self-similar probability density functions and power spectral density including a subrange evolving as the power $- 3$ of the wavenumber $k$. It can therefore be concluded that bubble-induced agitation mainly results from wake interactions. Considering the flow in a frame that is fixed relative to the bubbles, the combined use of both time and spatial averaging makes it possible to distinguish two contributions to the liquid fluctuations. The first is the spatial fluctuations that are the consequence of the bubble mean wakes. The second corresponds to the temporal fluctuations that are the result of the development of a flow instability. Note that the latter is not due to the destabilization of individual bubble wakes, since a computation with a single bubble leads to a steady flow. It is a collective instability of the randomly distributed bubble wakes. The spectrum of the time fluctuations shows a peak around a frequency ${f}_{cwi} $, which is independent of $\alpha $. From the present results it is possible to determine the origin of the overall properties of the total fluctuations observed in the experiments. The scaling of the velocity fluctuation as ${\alpha }^{0. 4} $ is a combination of the scalings of the spatial and temporal fluctuations, which are different from each other. As the time fluctuations are symmetric in the vertical direction, the asymmetry of the probability density function of the vertical velocity comes from that of the spatial fluctuations. Both contributions exhibit a ${k}^{- 3} $ spectral behaviour around the same range of wavenumbers, which explains why it is observed regardless of the nature of the dominant contribution.
Effect of vortex line distribution in superfluid plane Poiseuille flow instability
Authors: Sooraj R. , Sameen A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe hydrodynamic stability of plane Poiseuille flow of superfluid is studied using modal and non-modal analysis. Two modes of instability are predicted, in normal mode stability analysis of the normal fluid, one caused by viscosity similar to the classical mode and another due to mutual friction between superfluid and normal fluid. The mutual friction mode occurs at high wavenumbers, which are stable wavenumbers in classical plane Poiseuille flow. A high superfluid vortex line density alone is not enough to induce instability in normal fluid; a localization of vortex lines is shown to play a major role. The extent of vortex line concentration required to cause instability depends on the density itself. Non-modal instability analysis shows that oblique waves are stronger than streamwise waves, unlike the scenario in classical plane Poiseuille flow.
Natural convection in horizontal pipe flow with a strong transverse magnetic field
Authors: Zikanov Oleg , Listratov Yaroslav I. , Sviridov Valentin G. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractLinear stability analysis and direct numerical simulations are conducted to analyse mixed convection in a liquid metal flow in a horizontal pipe with imposed transverse magnetic field. The pipe walls are electrically insulated and subject to constant flux heating in the lower half. The results reveal the nature of anomalous temperature fluctuations detected in earlier experiments. It is found that, at the magnetic field strength far exceeding the laminarization threshold, the natural convection develops in the form of coherent quasi-two-dimensional rolls aligned with the magnetic field. Transport of the rolls by the mean flow causes high-amplitude, low-frequency fluctuations of temperature.
Effect of warming with temperature oscillations on a low-latitude aphid,Aphis craccivora
Authors: Chen Chia-Yu , Chiu Ming-Chih , Kuo Mei-Hwa 
Published: March 2013

AbstractTo estimate the net effect of climate change on natural populations, we must take into account the positive and negative effects of temperature oscillations and climate variability. Warming because of climate change will likely exceed the physiological optima of tropical insects, which currently live very close to their thermal optima. Tropical insects will be negatively affected if their optima are exceeded otherwise warming may affect them positively. We evaluate the demographic responses of the cowpea aphid,Aphis craccivora, to summer warming in subtropical and tropical Taiwan, and examine the effects of diel temperature oscillation on these responses. Aphids were reared at four temperatures (current summer mean, +1.4, +3.9 and +6.4 °C), the latter three simulating different levels of warming. At each average temperature, aphids experienced constant or oscillating (from −2.9 to +3.6 °C of each mean temperature) regimes. As the simulated summer temperatures increased, so did the negative effects on life-history traits and demographic parameters. Compared with aphids reared in constant temperatures, aphids reared in oscillating temperatures developed more slowly and had a longer mean generation time, but their net reproductive rate was higher. These findings demonstrate that climate warming will affect demographic parameters and life-history traits differentially. Studies that use constant temperatures are unlikely to accurately predict biotic responses to climate change.
LONG-TERM EFFECT OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON RICE (Oryza sativaL.)–WHEAT (Triticum aestivumL.) YIELD, AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF AN ACIDIC SOIL IN THE WESTERN HIMALAYAS
Authors: SUBEHIA S. K. , SEPEHYA SWAPANA , RANA S. S. , NEGI S. C. , SHARMA S. K. 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYIn a field experiment initiated in 1991kharifseason (April–October) on an acidic soil in the Western Himalayas of India, 25% and 50% of the recommended doses of nitrogen were substituted through different organics, viz. farmyard manure (FYM), wheat cut straw andSesbania aculeata(as green manure) in rice, followed by use of chemical fertilizers in wheat each year. The aim of this work was to study the long-term integrated effect of organics and chemical fertilizers on grain yield of rice–wheat system and soil quality. Based on five years’ moving average values, continuous cropping without fertilization or manuring (control) gave the lowest grain yields of both rice and wheat. Application of 50% N through FYM plus 50% NPK through chemical fertilizers to rice followed by 100% NPK through chemical fertilizers to wheat (T3) maintained the highest productivity of rice and wheat at about 3.4 Mg ha−1and 3.3 Mg ha−1, respectively, as found from the pooled grain yield over the years. The highest values of organic carbon, cation exchange capacity and available N, P, K were also recorded under this treatment (T3). Soil pH was marginally affected by different treatments, while Diphenyl Triamine Penta Acetic acid extractable micronutrient cations increased over control when chemical fertilizers were applied in conjunction with different organics.
Does tonsillectomy improve quality of life in adults? A systematic literature review
Authors: Andreou N , Hadjisymeou S , Panesar J 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAim:To determine whether tonsillectomy improves quality of life in adults suffering from chronic or recurrent tonsillitis.Method:A systematic literature search of the Medline and Pubmed databases was conducted in order to identify all relevant studies measuring quality of life directly.Results and Conclusion:Eight studies were identified. The Glasgow Benefit Inventory and the Short Form questionnaire were the main tools used to assess quality of life changes. Tonsillectomy is likely to improve the overall quality of life as it particularly improves patients' physical and general health. The social benefits of tonsillectomy appear to be non-significant. The effects are likely to be long-lasting and have a greater impact on younger patients. The presence of coexisting chronic conditions and the severity of infective symptoms due to tonsillitis are also influencing factors.
Identifying permethrin resistance loci in malaria vectors by genetic mapping
Authors: WITZIG CLAUDIA , WONDJI CHARLES S. , STRODE CLARE , DJOUAKA ROUSSEAU , RANSON HILARY 
Published: March 2013

SUMMARYIdentification of the major loci responsible for insecticide resistance in malaria vectors would aid the development and implementation of effective resistance management strategies, which are urgently needed to tackle the growing threat posed by resistance to the limited insecticides available for malaria control. Genome-wide association studies in the major malaria vector,Anopheles gambiae, have been hindered by the high degree of within-population structuring and very low levels of linkage disequilibrium hence we revisited the use of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping to study resistance phenotypes in this vector species. Earlier work, identified two major QTL associated with pyrethroid resistance inA. gambiaes.s. from East Africa using genetic crossing of laboratory-colonized resistant and susceptible strains. In this study, we report the results from genetic mapping of pyrethroid resistance in three isofemale pedigrees established from wild-caught femaleA. gambiaes.s. mosquitoes from Benin. We identified two QTL on chromosomes 2L and 3R in these field populations, in similar genomic locations to the QTL identified in laboratory strains. The relative merits of two alternative study designs are discussed and suggestions made for future genetic mapping studies of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes.
The domestic politics of disputed Arctic boundaries: the Canadian case
Authors: Manicom James 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis article presents a model for the analysis of the domestic-international nexus of Arctic politics. It offers a preliminary attempt at mapping the domestic politics of Arctic boundary disputes in Canada. It explores the potential impact of domestic politics on such disputes by identifying the interests of domestic stakeholders in the Canadian Arctic. The paper views maritime boundary negotiations as a ‘two-level game’ in which negotiations occur internationally and domestically. The paper argues that the domestic level negotiation is contingent on how the issues are ‘framed’ between policymakers and their constituents. The paper identifies ways that domestic actors can reduce the number of acceptable outcomes in a two-level game, thereby impeding cooperation.
Sociodemographic factors associated with healthy eating and food security in socio-economically disadvantaged groups in the UK and Victoria, Australia
Authors: Thornton Lukar E , Pearce Jamie R , Ball Kylie 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the associations between sociodemographic factors and both diet indicators and food security among socio-economically disadvantaged populations in two different (national) contextual settings.DesignLogistic regression was used to determine cross-sectional associations between nationality, marital status, presence of children in the household, education, employment status and household income (four low income categories) with daily fruit and vegetable consumption, low-fat milk consumption and food security.SettingSocio-economically disadvantaged neighbourhoods in the UK and Australia.SubjectsTwo samples of low-income women from disadvantaged neighbourhoods: (i) in the UK, the 2003–05 Low Income Diet and Nutrition Survey (LIDNS; n 643); and (ii) in Australia, the 2007–08 Resilience for Eating and Activity Despite Inequality (READI; n 1340).ResultsThe influence of nationality, marital status and children in the household on the dietary outcomes varied between the two nations. Obtaining greater education qualifications was the most telling factor associated with healthier dietary behaviours. Being employed was positively associated with low-fat milk consumption in both nations and with fruit consumption in the UK, while income was not associated with dietary behaviours in either nation. In Australia, the likelihood of being food secure was higher among those who were born outside Australia, married, employed or had a greater income, while higher income was the only significant factor in the UK.ConclusionsThe identification of factors that differently influence dietary behaviours and food security in socio-economically disadvantaged populations in the UK and Australia suggests continued efforts need to be made to ensure that interventions and policy responses are informed by the best available local evidence.
Follicles in gut-associated lymphoid tissues create preferential survival niches for follicular Th cells escaping Thy-1-specific depletion in mice
Authors: Mihalj Martina , Kellermayer Zoltán , Balogh Peter 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAlthough a substantial number of T cells may escape depletion following in vivo mAb treatment in patients undergoing immunosuppression, their specific tissue location and phenotypic characteristics in different peripheral lymphoid tissues have not been analyzed in detail. Here we investigated the survival of CD4+ T cells immediately following anti-Thy-1 mAb treatment in mice. We found a preferential survival of CD4+ T cells expressing Thy-1 antigen in the Peyer’s patches (PP) and also in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), where the relative majority of the surviving CD4+ T cells displayed CD44high/CD62L− phenotype corresponding to effector memory T-cell features. These CD4+ T cells also expressed CXCR5 and PD-1 (programmed cell death-1) markers characteristic for follicular Th cells (TFH). We also demonstrate that the immediate survival of these cells does not involve proliferation and is independent of IL-7. Induction of germinal center formation in spleen enhanced while the dissolution of follicular architecture by lymphotoxin-β receptor antagonist treatment slightly reduced TFH survival. Our results thus raise the possibility that the follicles within PP and MLN may create natural support niches for the preferential survival of TFH cells of the memory phenotype, thus allowing their escape during T-cell depletion.