bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of postextraction bleeding incidence to compare patients receiving and not receiving warfarin therapy: a cross-sectional, multicentre, observational study
Authors: Iwabuchi Hiroshi , Imai Yutaka , Asanami Soichiro , Shirakawa Masayori , Yamane Gen-yuki , Ogiuchi Hideki , Kurashina Kenji , Miyata Masaru , Nakao Hiroyuki , Imai Hirohisa 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesWe investigated incidence and risk factors for postextraction bleeding in patients receiving warfarin and those not receiving anticoagulation therapy.DesignCross-sectional, multicentre, observational study.Setting26 hospitals where an oral surgeon is available.ParticipantsData on 2817 teeth (from 496 patients receiving warfarin, 2321 patients not receiving warfarin; mean age (SD): 62.2 (17.6)) extracted between 1 November 2008 and 31 March 2010, were collected. Warfarin-receiving patients were eligible when prothrombin time–international normalised ratio (PT-INR) measured within 7 days prior to the extraction was less than 3.0.InterventionsSimple dental extraction was performed, and incidence of postextraction bleeding and comorbidities were recorded.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPostextraction bleeding not controlled by basic haemostasis procedure was clinically significant.ResultsBleeding events were reported for 35 (7.1%) and 49 (2.1%) teeth, of which 18 (3.6%) and 9 (0.4%) teeth were considered clinically significant, in warfarin and non-warfarin groups, respectively, the difference between which was 3.24% (CI 1.58% to 4.90%). The incidence rates by patients were 2.77% and 0.39%, in warfarin and non-warfarin groups, respectively (incidence difference 2.38%, CI 0.65% to 4/10%). Univariate analyses showed that age (OR 0.197, p=0.001), PT-INR (OR 3.635, p=0.003), mandibular foramen conduction anaesthesia (OR 4.854, p=0.050) and formation of abnormal granulation tissue in extraction socket (OR 2.900, p=0.031) significantly correlate with bleeding incidence. Multivariate analysis revealed that age (OR 0.126, p=0.001), antiplatelet drugs (OR 0.100, p=0.049), PT-INR (OR 7.797, p=0.001) and history of acute inflammation at extraction site (OR 3.722, p=0.037) were significant risk factors for postextraction bleeding.ConclusionsOur results suggest that there is slight but significant increase in the incidences of postextraction bleeding in patients receiving warfarin. Although absolute incidence was low in both groups, the bleeding risk is not negligible.
Influence of health-related quality of life on time from symptom onset to hospital arrival and the risk of readmission in patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Henriksson Catrin , Larsson Margareta , Herlitz Johan , Karlsson Jan-Erik , Wernroth Lisa , Lindahl Bertil 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundDespite increased awareness of the importance of early treatment in acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the delay from symptom onset to hospital arrival is still too long and rehospitalisations are frequent. Little is known about how health-related quality of life (HRQL) affects delay time and the frequency of readmissions.MethodWe used quality registers to investigate whether patients’ HRQL has any impact on delay time with a new AMI, and on the rate of readmissions during the first year. Patients with AMI <75 years, with HRQL assessed with EQ-5D at 1-year follow-up, and who thereafter had a new AMI registered, were evaluated for the correlation between HRQL and delay time (n=454). The association between HRQL and readmissions was evaluated among those who had an additional AMI and a new 1-year follow-up registration (n=216).ResultsPatients who reported poor total health status (EQ-VAS ≤50), compared to those who reported EQ-VAS 81–100, had tripled risk to delay ≥2 h from symptom onset to hospital arrival (adjusted OR 3.01, 95% CI 1.43 to 6.34). Patients scoring EQ-VAS ≤50 had also a higher risk of readmissions in the univariate analysis (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.71 to 5.53). However, the correlation did not remain significant after adjustment (OR 1.99, 95% CI 0.90 to 4.38). EQ-index was not independently associated with delay time or readmissions.ConclusionsAspects of total health status post-AMI were independently associated with delay time to hospital arrival in case of a new AMI. However, the influence of total health status on the risk of readmissions was less clear.
A decade of changes in clinical characteristics and management of elderly patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction admitted in Italian cardiac care units
Authors: De Luca Leonardo , Olivari Zoran , Bolognese Leonardo , Lucci Donata , Gonzini Lucio , Di Chiara Antonio , Casella Gianni , Chiarella Francesco , Boccanelli Alessandro , Di Pasquale Giuseppe , Bovenzi Francesco M , Savonitto Stefano 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo describe the evolution of clinical characteristics, in-hospital management and early outcome of elderly patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI).MethodsWe analysed data from five consecutive Italian nationwide registries, conducted between 2001 and 2010, including patients with acute coronary syndromes admitted to cardiac care units (CCUs).ResultsOf 10 983 patients with NSTEMI enrolled in the 5 surveys, 4350 (39.6%) were ≥75 years old (mean age 81±5 years). Some clinical characteristics such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, renal dysfunction and previous percutaneous coronary intervention increased significantly, whereas a history of stroke, myocardial infarction and heart failure decreased over time. An invasive approach increased from 26.6% in 2001 to 68.4% in 2010 (p<0.0001) and revascularisation rates increased from 9.9% to 51.7% (p<0.0001). Early use and prescription at discharge of β-blockers, statins and dual antiplatelet treatment increased significantly (p<0.0001). Thirty-day observed mortality decreased from 14.6% (95% CI 9.9 to 20.4) to 9.5% (95% CI 7.7 to 11.6). At the multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for baseline characteristics, compared with 2001, the risk of death was significantly lower in all the other studies performed at different times with reductions in adjusted mortality between 66% and 45%.ConclusionsOver the past decade, substantial changes have occurred in the clinical characteristics and management of elderly patients admitted with NSTEMI in Italian CCUs, with a greater use of revascularisation therapy and recommended medications. These variations have been associated with a reduction in 30-day adjusted mortality rate.
Use of carbon accumulation rates to estimate the duration of coal seams and the influence of atmospheric dust deposition on coal composition
Authors: Large David J. , Marshall Chris 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Time contained within coal seams is most commonly estimated using a volumetric approach that fails to take into account processes of carbon accumulation and loss during peat formation and coalification. A more appropriate approach for estimating the time contained within a coal seam is to use Holocene long-term carbon accumulation rates, accounting for carbon loss during coalification. Using this approach the thickness of coal corresponding to 10 kyr of carbon accumulation is calculated for coals of all ranks and latitudinal settings. To test the validity of this approach, latitudinal patterns of Holocene dust deposition are used in conjunction with estimated rates of carbon accumulation to calculate the concentration of titanium in coal. The result is a statistically significant correlation that is optimized when latitudinal variation in carbon accumulation rate is considered. Overall, the use of carbon produces far greater accountability of time within coal-bearing stratigraphic sequences and is not influenced by the presence of hiatal surfaces within the coal. Estimated coal seam duration increases considerably, often removing the need to infer substantial intra-seam hiatuses. On the basis of the results, a re-evaluation of coal and coal-bearing stratigraphic sequences is recommended.
Host-Compiled Multicore System Simulation for Early Real-Time Performance Evaluation
Authors: Razaghi Parisa , Gerstlauer Andreas 
Published: December 2014

With increasing complexity and software content, modern embedded platforms employ a heterogeneous mix of multicore processors along with hardware accelerators in order to provide high performance in limited power budgets. To evaluate real-time performance and other constraints, full system simulations are essential. With traditional approaches being either slow or inaccurate, so-called source-level or host-compiled simulators have recently emerged as a solution for rapid evaluation of the complete system at early design stages. In such approaches, a faster simulation is achieved by abstracting execution behavior and increasing simulation granularity. However, existing source-level simulators often focus on application behavior only while neglecting the effects of hardware/software interactions and their associated speed and accuracy trade-offs.
In this article, we present a host-compiled simulator that emulates software execution in a full-system context. Our simulator incorporates abstract models of both real-time operating systems (RTOSs) and multicore processors to replicate timing-accurate hardware/software interactions and to enable full system cosimulation. An integrated approach for automatic timing granularity adjustment (ATGA) uses observations of the system state to automatically control the timing model and optimally navigate speed versus accuracy conditions. Results as applied to industrial-strength platforms confirm that OS- and system-level effects can significantly contribute to overall accuracy and simulation overhead. By providing careful abstractions, our models can achieve full system simulations at equivalent speeds of more than a thousand MIPS with less than 3% timing error. Coupled with the capability to easily adjust simulation parameters and configurations, this demonstrates the benefits of our simulator for early application development and design space exploration.
Perinatal and Familial Risk Factors for Brain Tumors in Childhood through Young Adulthood
Authors: Crump Casey , Sundquist Jan , Sieh Weiva , Winkleby Marilyn A. , Sundquist Kristina 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Perinatal factors, including high birth weight, have been associated with childhood brain tumors in case–control studies. However, the specific contributions of gestational age and fetal growth remain unknown, and these issues have never been examined in large cohort studies with follow-up into adulthood. We conducted a national cohort study of 3,571,574 persons born in Sweden in 1973–2008, followed up for brain tumor incidence through 2010 (maximum age 38 years) to examine perinatal and familial risk factors. There were 2,809 brain tumors in 69.7 million person-years of follow-up. After adjusting for potential confounders, significant risk factors for brain tumors included high fetal growth [incidence rate ratio (IRR) per additional 1 SD, 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01–1.08, P = 0.02], first-degree family history of a brain tumor (IRR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.86–3.18, P &lt; 0.001), parental country of birth (IRR for both parents born in Sweden vs. other countries, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.09–1.35, P &lt; 0.001), and high maternal education level (Ptrend = 0.01). These risk factors did not vary by age at diagnosis. The association with high fetal growth appeared to involve pilocytic astrocytomas, but not other astrocytomas, medulloblastomas, or ependymomas. Gestational age at birth, birth order, multiple birth, and parental age were not associated with brain tumors. In this large cohort study, high fetal growth was associated with an increased risk of brain tumors (particularly pilocytic astrocytomas) independently of gestational age, not only in childhood but also into young adulthood, suggesting that growth factor pathways may play an important long-term role in the etiology of certain brain tumor subtypes. Cancer Res; 75(3); 576–83. ©2014 AACR.
Tumor-Suppressor Role of Notch3 in Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Revealed by Genetic and Pharmacological Induction
Authors: Jaskula-Sztul Renata , Eide Jacob , Tesfazghi Sara , Dammalapati Ajitha , Harrison April D. , Yu Xiao-Min , Scheinebeck Casi , Winston-McPherson Gabrielle , Kupcho Kevin R. , Robers Matthew B. , Hundal Amrit K. , Tang Weiping , Chen Herbert 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Notch1-3 are transmembrane receptors that appear to be absent in medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Previous research has shown that induction of Notch1 has a tumor-suppressor effect in MTC cell lines, but little is known about the biologic consequences of Notch3 activation for the progression of the disease. We elucidate the role of Notch3 in MTC by genetic (doxycycline-inducible Notch3 intracellular domain) and pharmacologic [AB3, novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor] approaches. We find that overexpression of Notch3 leads to the dose-dependent reduction of neuroendocrine tumor markers. In addition, Notch3 activity is required to suppress MTC cell proliferation, and the extent of growth repression depends on the amount of Notch3 protein expressed. Moreover, activation of Notch3 induces apoptosis. The translational significance of this finding is highlighted by our observation that MTC tumors lack active Notch3 protein and reinstitution of this isoform could be a therapeutic strategy to treat patients with MTC. We demonstrate, for the first time, that overexpression of Notch3 in MTC cells can alter malignant neuroendocrine phenotype in both in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, our study provides a strong rationale for using Notch3 as a therapeutic target to provide novel pharmacologic treatment options for MTC. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(2); 499–512. ©2014 AACR.
A Novel Photodynamic Therapy Targeting Cancer Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages
Authors: Hayashi Noriyuki , Kataoka Hiromi , Yano Shigenobu , Tanaka Mamoru , Moriwaki Kazuhiro , Akashi Haruo , Suzuki Shugo , Mori Yoshinori , Kubota Eiji , Tanida Satoshi , Takahashi Satoru , Joh Takashi 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in cancer stroma play important roles for cancer cell growth, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastases. We synthesized a novel photosensitizer, mannose-conjugated chlorin (M-chlorin), designed to bind mannose receptors highly expressed on TAMs. We evaluated the newly available photodynamic therapy (PDT) with M-chlorin against gastric and colon cancer. We evaluated PDT with M-chlorin for in vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction in cancer cells compared with chlorin alone and glucose-conjugated chlorin (G-chlorin). The subcellular localization of M-chlorin was observed by confocal microscopy, and the M-chlorin PDT effects against TAMs including THP-1–induced M2-polarized macrophages were evaluated. Anticancer effects were also investigated in an allograft model where cytotoxic effects against TAMs in the cancer cell stroma were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. M-chlorin PDT strongly induced cell death in cancer cells to almost the same extent as G-chlorin PDT by inducing apoptosis. M-chlorin was incorporated into cancer cells where it localized mainly in lysosomes and endoplasmic reticula. M-chlorin PDT revealed strong cytotoxicity for M2 macrophages induced from THP-1 cell lines, and it induced stronger cytotoxicity than G-chlorin PDT in the allograft model through killing both cancer cells and TAMs in the cancer stroma. The M-chlorin PDT produced strong cytotoxicity against cancer tissue by inducing apoptosis of both cancer cells and TAMs in the cancer stroma. This novel PDT thus stands as a new candidate for very effective, next-generation PDT. Mol Cancer Ther; 14(2); 452–60. ©2014 AACR.
High-resolution 7T fMRI of Human Hippocampal Subfields during Associative Learning
Authors: Suthana Nanthia A. , Donix Markus , Wozny David R. , Bazih Adam , Jones Michael , Heidemann Robin M. , Trampel Robert , Ekstrom Arne D. , Scharf Maria , Knowlton Barbara , Turner Robert , Bookheimer Susan Y. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Examining the function of individual human hippocampal subfields remains challenging because of their small sizes and convoluted structures. Previous human fMRI studies at 3 T have successfully detected differences in activation between hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA) field CA1, combined CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus (DG) region (CA23DG), and the subiculum during associative memory tasks. In this study, we investigated hippocampal subfield activity in healthy participants using an associative memory paradigm during high-resolution fMRI scanning at 7 T. We were able to localize fMRI activity to anterior CA2 and CA3 during learning and to the posterior CA2 field, the CA1, and the posterior subiculum during retrieval of novel associations. These results provide insight into more specific human hippocampal subfield functions underlying learning and memory and a unique opportunity for future investigations of hippocampal subfield function in healthy individuals as well as those suffering from neurodegenerative diseases.
Preoperative planning of renal transplantation: a comparison of non-contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance angiography with observations from surgery
Authors: Blankholm Anne Dorte , Pedersen Bodil G , Stausbøl-Grøn Brian , Andersen Gratien , Hørlyck Arne , Østrat Ernst Ø , Laustsen Sussie , Ringgaard Steffen 
Published: December 2014

Background Many candidates for kidney transplantation need to undergo vessel examination before the transplantation procedure. Purpose To identify the optimal preoperative modality for the examination of vessel status without the use of contrast agents in kidney transplant candidates. Material and Methods Fifty-three consecutive patients were examined and 31 patients were transplanted. Ultrasonography (US), non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (NCCT), and non-contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (NCMRA) were compared using inspection during kidney transplantation (TX) as a reference standard. The sensitivity and specificity to severe arteriosclerotic changes and the accuracy were calculated. Kappa statistics were used to assess the agreement between TX and the different examination modalities, and McNemar’s test was used to test for significant differences. Results US had higher sensitivity (1.0) and better agreement with observations from surgery (k = 0.89) than both NCCT (sensitivity = 0.60; k = 0.72) and NCMRA (sensitivity = 0.20; k = 0.30). No significant difference was found between TX and US ( P = 0.3173) or TX and NCCT ( P = 0.1573), but there was a significant difference between TX and NCMRA ( P = 0.0455). US was inconclusive in 20% of cases, and the internal iliac artery could not be visualized in 69% of cases. Conclusion Either US or NCCT can be used as the preferred preoperative imaging modality to examine vessel status before kidney transplantation, but a combination of the two is preferable. NCMRA should not be used as the sole imaging modality for preoperative imaging before kidney transplantation because of its low sensitivity in detecting severe arteriosclerotic disease without the presence of stenosis.
Smoking and mental illness. An update for psychiatrists
Authors: Mendelsohn Colin P , Kirby Dianne P , Castle David J 
Published: December 2014

Objective: We aimed to review research on smoking and mental illness and provide evidence-based guidelines for psychiatrists to help smoking patients quit. Method: We undertook a narrative review of the literature with a special focus on the Australian context. Results: Although one in three people with mental illness smoke tobacco, smoking is often neglected in psychiatric practice. Smoking is a significant contributor to the health gap between people with mental illness and the general population. Smokers with mental illness are motivated to quit and are able to do so, albeit with lower quit rates. Quitting can lead to substantial improvements in mental wellbeing and physical health and does not exacerbate pre-existing mental illness. Psychiatrists should advise all smokers to quit and provide counselling, medication and support, based on the 5As framework. Approved pharmacotherapy – nicotine replacement therapy, varenicline and bupropion – is recommended for nicotine-dependent smokers. Smoking induces the metabolism of certain psychotropic drugs such as clozapine and olanzapine and dose reductions may be necessary after cessation. Conclusions: Psychiatrists have a duty of care to identify the smoking status of their patients and to provide evidence-based support to quit.
Ankle Ligament Laxity and Stiffness in Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Brown Cathleen N. , Rosen Adam B. , Ko Jupil 
Published: December 2014

Background: The contribution of mechanical laxity and ligament stiffness to chronic ankle instability is unclear, particularly when using the inversion laxity test, and may have implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Our purpose was to determine if individuals with chronic ankle instability demonstrate greater mechanical ligament laxity and altered stiffness compared to controls and copers (those with a healed sprain) during an instrumented arthrometer inversion stress test. Methods: Recreationally active individuals were classified as those with chronic ankle instability (n = 16), copers (n = 16), or controls (n = 16) based on injury history and self-reported score on the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT). Three trials of an inversion stress test were applied with an instrumented arthrometer utilizing a reliable tester. Talocrural inversion (degrees) and stiffness values were extracted. One-way ANOVAs were calculated, and Tukey post hoc testing was applied (α ≤ .05). Results: Groups were not different in age, height, or weight. The chronic ankle instability group (19 ± 6) had significantly lower CAIT scores than the control (30 ± 1) and coper (29 ± 1) groups ( P < .001). The chronic ankle instability group (23 ± 12 degrees) demonstrated significantly greater inversion than the controls (13 ± 9 degrees) ( P = .04) but was not significantly different than the copers (17 ± 10 degrees). No significant differences were detected in stiffness between the groups. Conclusion: The chronic ankle instability group demonstrated decreased self-reported ankle function and increased mechanical laxity utilizing an instrumented arthrometer for inversion compared to the control group but not the coper group. Laxity, but not stiffness, may be a factor affecting chronic ankle instability and self-reported function. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.