bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VDub: Modifying Face Video of Actors for Plausible Visual Alignment to a Dubbed Audio Track
Authors: Garrido P. , Valgaerts L. , Sarmadi H. , Steiner I. , Varanasi K. , Pérez P. , Theobalt C. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn many countries, foreign movies and TV productions are dubbed, i.e., the original voice of an actor is replaced with a translation that is spoken by a dubbing actor in the country's own language. Dubbing is a complex process that requires specific translations and accurately timed recitations such that the new audio at least coarsely adheres to the mouth motion in the video. However, since the sequence of phonemes and visemes in the original and the dubbing language are different, the video‐to‐audio match is never perfect, which is a major source of visual discomfort. In this paper, we propose a system to alter the mouth motion of an actor in a video, so that it matches the new audio track. Our paper builds on high‐quality monocular capture of 3D facial performance, lighting and albedo of the dubbing and target actors, and uses audio analysis in combination with a space‐time retrieval method to synthesize a new photo‐realistically rendered and highly detailed 3D shape model of the mouth region to replace the target performance. We demonstrate plausible visual quality of our results compared to footage that has been professionally dubbed in the traditional way, both qualitatively and through a user study.
Approximating the Generalized Voronoi Diagram of Closely Spaced Objects
Authors: Edwards John , Daniel Eric , Pascucci Valerio , Bajaj Chandrajit 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe present an algorithm to compute an approximation of the generalized Voronoi diagram (GVD) on arbitrary collections of 2D or 3D geometric objects. In particular, we focus on datasets with closely spaced objects; GVD approximation is expensive and sometimes intractable on these datasets using previous algorithms. With our approach, the GVD can be computed using commodity hardware even on datasets with many, extremely tightly packed objects. Our approach is to subdivide the space with an octree that is represented with an adjacency structure. We then use a novel adaptive distance transform to compute the distance function on octree vertices. The computed distance field is sampled more densely in areas of close object spacing, enabling robust and parallelizable GVD surface generation. We demonstrate our method on a variety of data and show example applications of the GVD in 2D and 3D.
Hardware‐Based Non‐Photorealistic Rendering Using a Painting Robot
Authors: Lindemeier Thomas , Metzner Jens , Pollak Lena , Deussen Oliver 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe describe a painting machine and associated algorithms. Our modified industrial robot works with visual feedback and applies acrylic paint from a repository to a canvas until the created painting resembles a given input image or scene. The color differences between canvas and input are used to direct the application of new strokes. We present two optimization‐based algorithms that place such strokes in relation to already existing ones. Using these methods we are able to create different painting styles, one that tries to match the input colors with almost transparent strokes and another one that creates dithering patterns of opaque strokes that approximate the input color. The machine produces paintings that mimic those created by human painters and allows us to study the painting process as well as the creation of artworks.
Light Chisel: 6DOF Pen Tracking
Authors: Bubník V. , Havran V. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe present a novel interaction device tracked in 6 degrees of freedom by two commodity cameras. The inexpensive Light Chisel is statically illuminated with two LEDs, and uses no additional sensor (e.g. inertial or magnetic) or means of communication or synchronization. Its form factor is well suited for a screwdriver or chisel grip, allowing the Light Chisel to be rolled between the fingers. The position and orientation of the tool is tracked absolutely, making the Light Chisel suited for complex interaction, e.g. geometric modeling in augmented reality. The Light Chisel is physically small, limiting the physical and optical collisions with the real world. The orientation of the tool is tracked in a wide range of angles: pitch and yaw ±90°, roll ±180°. We evaluated our system against the OptiTrack optical tracking system. Our system achieved mean differences from OptiTrack reference of 2.07 mm in position, 1.06° in yaw and pitch, and 5.26° in roll using a pair of VGA cameras. We demonstrate usefulness of our Light Chisel in four applications: character animation, modeling by swirls, volumetric modeling, and docking of CAD models.
Real‐Time Subspace Integration for Example‐Based Elastic Material
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Zheng Jianmin , Thalmann Nadia Magnenat 
Published: June 2015

AbstractExample‐based material allows simulating complex material behaviors in an art‐directed way. This paper presents a method for fast subspace integration for example‐based elastic material, which is suitable for real‐time simulation in computer graphics. At the core of the method is the formulation of a new potential using example‐based Green strain tensors. By using this potential, the deformation can be attracted towards the example‐based deformation feature space, the example weights can be explicitly obtained and the internal force can be decomposed into the conventional one and an additional one induced by the examples. The real‐time subspace integration is then developed with subspace integration costs independent of geometric complexity, and both the reduced conventional internal force and additional one being cubic polynomials in reduced coordinates. Experiments demonstrate that our method can achieve real‐time simulation while providing comparable quality with the prior art.
Database‐Assisted Object Retrieval for Real‐Time 3D Reconstruction
Authors: Li Yangyan , Dai Angela , Guibas Leonidas , Nießner Matthias 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn recent years, real‐time 3D scanning technology has developed significantly and is now able to capture large environments with considerable accuracy. Unfortunately, the reconstructed geometry still suffers from incompleteness, due to occlusions and lack of view coverage, resulting in unsatisfactory reconstructions. In order to overcome these fundamental physical limitations, we present a novel reconstruction approach based on retrieving objects from a 3D shape database while scanning an environment in real‐time. With this approach, we are able to replace scanned RGB‐D data with complete, hand‐modeled objects from shape databases. We align and scale retrieved models to the input data to obtain a high‐quality virtual representation of the real‐world environment that is quite faithful to the original geometry. In contrast to previous methods, we are able to retrieve objects in cluttered and noisy scenes even when the database contains only similar models, but no exact matches. In addition, we put a strong focus on object retrieval in an interactive scanning context — our algorithm runs directly on 3D scanning data structures, and is able to query databases of thousands of models in an online fashion during scanning.
Rich‐VPLs for Improving the Versatility of Many‐Light Methods
Authors: Simon Florian , Hanika Johannes , Dachsbacher Carsten 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMany‐light methods approximate the light transport in a scene by computing the direct illumination from many virtual point light sources (VPLs), and render low‐noise images covering a wide range of performance and quality goals. However, they are very inefficient at representing glossy light transport. This is because a VPL on a glossy surface illuminates a small fraction of the scene only, and a tremendous number of VPLs might be necessary to render acceptable images. In this paper, we introduce Rich‐VPLs which, in contrast to standard VPLs, represent a multitude of light paths and thus have a more widespread emission profile on glossy surfaces and in scenes with multiple primary light sources. By this, a single Rich‐VPL contributes to larger portions of a scene with negligible additional shading cost. Our second contribution is a placement strategy for (Rich‐)VPLs proportional to sensor importance times radiance. Although both Rich‐VPLs and improved placement can be used individually, they complement each other ideally and share interim computation. Furthermore, both complement existing many‐light methods, e.g. Lightcuts or the Virtual Spherical Lights method, and can improve their efficiency as well as their application for scenes with glossy materials and many primary light sources.
Robust Statistical Pixel Estimation
Authors: Jung Jin Woo , Meyer Gary , DeLong Ralph 
Published: June 2015

AbstractRobust statistical methods are employed to reduce the noise in Monte Carlo ray tracing. Through the use of resampling, the sample mean distribution is determined for each pixel. Because this distribution is uni‐modal and normal for a large sample size, robust estimates converge to the true mean of the pixel values. Compared to existing methods, less additional storage is required at each pixel because the sample mean distribution can be distilled down to a compact size, and fewer computations are necessary because the robust estimation process is sampling independent and needs a small input size to compute pixel values. The robust statistical pixel estimators are not only resistant to impulse noise, but they also remove general noise from fat‐tailed distributions. A substantial speedup in rendering can therefore be achieved by reducing the number of samples required for a desired image quality. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated for path tracing simulations.
Optimal Spline Approximation via ℓ0‐Minimization
Authors: Brandt Christopher , Seidel Hans‐Peter , Hildebrandt Klaus 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSplines are part of the standard toolbox for the approximation of functions and curves in ℝd. Still, the problem of finding the spline that best approximates an input function or curve is ill‐posed, since in general this yields a “spline” with an infinite number of segments. The problem can be regularized by adding a penalty term for the number of spline segments. We show how this idea can be formulated as an ℓ0‐regularized quadratic problem. This gives us a notion of optimal approximating splines that depend on one parameter, which weights the approximation error against the number of segments. We detail this concept for different types of splines including B‐splines and composite Bézier curves. Based on the latest development in the field of sparse approximation, we devise a solver for the resulting minimization problems and show applications to spline approximation of planar and space curves and to spline conversion of motion capture data.
A phylogenetic analysis of molecular and morphological characters ofHerminium(Orchidaceae, Orchideae): evolutionary relationships, taxonomy, and patterns of character evolution
Authors: Raskoti Bhakta Bahadur , Jin Wei‐Tao , Xiang Xiao‐Guo , Schuiteman André , Li De‐Zhu , Li Jian‐Wu , Huang Wei‐Chang , Jin Xiao‐Hua , Huang Lu‐Qi 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe first comprehensive phylogenetic study of the orchid genusHerminiumand its allies is presented, based on seven molecular markers (nuclear internal transcribed spacer,Xdh, chloroplastmatK,psaB,psbA‐trnH,rbcLandtrnL‐F) and 37 morphological characters. Phylogenetic analyses indicate thatHerminiumas currently delimited is paraphyletic and that several genera are deeply nested within it. Based on parsimony analysis of total evidence, the generic circumscription ofHerminiumis expanded to includeAndrocorys,Bhutanthera,FrigidorchisandPorolabium. Apomorphic and plesiomorphic character states are identified for various clades recovered in this study. A few species currently wrongly assigned toPeristylusandPlatantheraare here included inHerminium. All necessary new combinations are made.
Radiographic evaluation of conical tapered platform‐switched implants in the posterior mandible: 1‐year results of a two‐center prospective study
Authors: Moergel Maximilian , Rocha Salomão , Messias Ana , Nicolau Pedro , Guerra Fernando , Wagner Wilfried 
Published: June 2015

AbstractObjectiveLong‐term success of dental implants depends on healthy peri‐implant soft tissues and adequate bone levels. This prospective study aims to assess bone level changes around implants with internal conical connection and platform‐switching abutments in the posterior mandible.Material and methodsAdult patients missing at least two teeth in the posterior mandible and with a natural tooth mesial to the implant site received two or three adjacent internal conical connection implants. After a minimum transmucosal healing period of 8 weeks, single crown restorations were cemented over platform‐switching abutments. Changes in marginal bone levels were measured in standardized periapical radiographs from surgery and loading (baseline) to 12 months post‐loading.ResultsTwenty‐four patients received 52 implants. Bone remodeling took place between surgery and loading (−0.53 ± 0.40 mm). From loading to 12 months, there was a mean bone gain of 0.12 ± 0.42 mm which occurred mainly in the first 6 months after prosthesis delivery (0.11 ± 0.36 mm) and stabilized afterward. A total of 71.7% of all implants presented bone preservation or gain. No implant was lost at 1 year and the success rate was 100%. Patient inquiry revealed high satisfaction.ConclusionInternal conical connection implants with platform‐switching abutments presented high success rate and enhancement or preservation of marginal bone levels after 1 year of loading.
Trismus in patients with head and neck cancer: etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and management
Authors: Rapidis A.D. , Dijkstra P.U. , Roodenburg J.L.N. , Rodrigo J.P. , Rinaldo A. , Strojan P. , Takes R.P. , Ferlito A. 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundTrismus indicates severely restricted mouth opening of any aetiology. A mouth opening of 35 mm or less should be regarded as trismus. Aim of this study was to review the etiopathogenesis, incidence, treatment and prevention of trismus in patients with head and neck cancer.Objective of reviewTrismus is frequently seen in patients suffering from malignant tumours of the head and neck. The reported prevalence of trismus in those patients varies considerably in the literature and ranges from 0 to 100% depending on the tumour site and extension. Trismus may worsen or remain the same over time, or the symptoms may reduce, even in the absence of treatment. When a patient presents with trismus after tumour treatment, it is important to determine whether the trismus is the result of the treatment, or is the first sign of a recurrence. Restricted mouth opening may impede inspection of the oral cavity as needed for dental care, and particularly for oncologic follow‐up.ConclusionsMouth opening after radiotherapy (RT) decreases on average by approximately 20% compared to mouth opening prior to RT. The prevalence of trismus increases with increasing doses of RT to mastication structures. The use of intensity‐modulated RT seems to lower the percentage and severity of RT‐induced trismus. Treatment of trismus can be conservative (with either medical or physical therapy) or surgical. Exercise therapy is the mainstay of treatment and exercise should start as soon as possible after treatment. The prevention of trismus, rather than its treatment, is the most important objective.
Adaptive introgression as a resource for management and genetic conservation in a changing climate
Authors: Hamilton Jill A. , Miller Joshua M. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractCurrent rates of climate change require organisms to respond through migration, phenotypic plasticity, or genetic changes via adaptation. We focused on questions regarding species’ and populations’ ability to respond to climate change through adaptation. Specifically, the role adaptive introgression, movement of genetic material from the genome of 1 species into the genome of another through repeated interbreeding, may play in increasing species’ ability to respond to a changing climate. Such interspecific gene flow may mediate extinction risk or consequences of limited adaptive potential that result from standing genetic variation and mutation alone, enabling a quicker demographic recovery in response to changing environments. Despite the near dismissal of the potential benefits of hybridization by conservation practitioners, we examined a number of case studies across different taxa that suggest gene flow between sympatric or parapatric sister species or within species that exhibit strong ecotypic differentiation may represent an underutilized management option to conserve evolutionary potential in a changing environment. This will be particularly true where advanced‐generation hybrids exhibit adaptive traits outside the parental phenotypic range, a phenomenon known as transgressive segregation. The ideas presented in this essay are meant to provoke discussion regarding how we maintain evolutionary potential, the conservation value of natural hybrid zones, and consideration of their important role in adaptation to climate.
Strategies to Build Trust and Recruit African American and Latino Community Residents for Health Research: A Cohort Study
Authors: Sankaré Ibrahima C. , Bross Rachelle , Brown Arleen F. , del Pino Homero E. , Jones Loretta F. , Morris D'Ann M. , Porter Courtney , Lucas‐Wright Aziza , Vargas Roberto , Forge Nell , Norris Keith C. , Kahn Katherine L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study used Community Partnered Participatory Research (CPPR) to address low participation of racial and ethnic minorities in medical research and the lack of trust between underrepresented communities and researchers.MethodsUsing a community and academic partnership in July 2012, residents of a South Los Angeles neighborhood were exposed to research recruitment strategies: referral by word‐of‐mouth, community agencies, direct marketing, and extant study participants.ResultsAmong 258 community members exposed to recruitment strategies, 79.8% completed the study. Exposed individuals identified their most important method for learning about the study as referral by study participants (39.8%), community agencies (30.6%), word‐of‐mouth (17.5%), or direct marketing promotion (12.1%). Study completion rates varied by recruitment method: referral by community agencies (88.7%), referral by participants (80.4%), direct marketing promotion (86.2%), word of mouth (64.3%).ConclusionsAlthough African American and Latino communities are often described as difficult to engage in research, we found high levels of research participation and completion when recruitment strategies emerged from the community itself. This suggests recruitment strategies based on CPPR principles represent an important opportunity for addressing health disparities and our high rates of research completion should provide optimism and a road map for next steps.
Colonisation rate and adaptive foraging control the emergence of trophic cascades
Authors: Fahimipour Ashkaan K. , Anderson Kurt E. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractEcological communities are assembled and sustained by colonisation. At the same time, predators make foraging decisions based on the local availabilities of potential resources, which reflects colonisation. We combined field and laboratory experiments with mathematical models to demonstrate that a feedback between these two processes determines emergent patterns in community structure. Namely, our results show that prey colonisation rate determines the strength of trophic cascades – a feature of virtually all ecosystems – by prompting behavioural shifts in adaptively foraging omnivorous fish predators. Communities experiencing higher colonisation rates were characterised by higher invertebrate prey and lower producer biomasses. Consequently, fish functioned as predators when colonisation rate was high, but as herbivores when colonisation rate was low. Human land use is changing habitat connectivity worldwide. A deeper quantitative understanding of how spatial processes modify individual behaviour, and how this scales to the community level, will be required to predict ecosystem responses to these changes.
Effect of a pelleted supplement fed during and after omeprazole treatment on nonglandular gastric ulcer scores and gastric juice pH in horses
Authors: Andrews F. M. , Camacho‐Luna P. , Loftin P. G. , Gaymon G. , Garza F. , Keowen M. L. , Kearney M. T. 
Published: June 2015

SummaryGastric ulcers are common in horses. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of a commercially available supplement, SmartGut®Ultra pellets (SmGU) on gastric ulcer scores and gastric juicepHafter omeprazole treatment in stall‐confined horses. Eight Thoroughbred horses were studied in a 2‐period, 2‐treatment crossover design, where the SmGU (40 g, twice daily) was mixed in grain feed. Horses were stall‐confined and treated with the supplement or control for 6 weeks, consisting of 2 weeks (Days 1–14) omeprazole treatment, 2 weeks (Days 14–28) following discontinuation of omeprazole treatment, one week (Days 28–35) alternating feed deprivation to induce or worsen existing ulcers and a one week (Days 35–42) recovery period. Gastroscopy was performed and gastric juicepHmeasured on Days 0, 14, 28, 35 and 42. Gastric ulcer lesion number (NGN) and severity (NGS) scores were assigned to each horse by an investigator (F.M.A.) masked to treatment. On Day 0 before treatment, mean NGN and NGS scores and gastric juicepHwere not different (P>0.05) between treatment groups. By Day 14, mean NGN and NGS scores decreased (P<0.05) in both treatment groups. By Days 28 and 35, mean NGN score significantly increased in the untreated control horses but not the SmGU‐treated horses. By Day 42, mean NGN and NGS scores were not different in either group and were significantly lower than Day 0. Mean gastric juicepHwas higher in both groups on Day 14 as a result of omeprazole treatment when compared with other days. SmartGut®Ultra supplement added to the feed prevented the worsening of gastric ulcer number 2 weeks after omeprazole treatment, without altering the gastric juicepH. Supplementation with SmGU might aid in protection of the nonglandular stomach from recurrence of ulcers after omeprazole treatment in stall‐confined horses undergoing intermittent feeding.