bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effect of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on oral health‐related quality of life: estimation of minimal important differences 1 year after treatment
Authors: Jönsson Birgitta , Öhrn Kerstin 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAimTo evaluate an individually tailored oral health educational programme on patient‐reported outcome compared with a standard oral health educational programme, assess change over time and determine minimal important differences (MID) in change scores for two different oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) instrument after non‐surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT).Materials and MethodsIn a randomized controlled trial evaluating two educational programmes, patients (n = 87) with chronic periodontitis completed a questionnaire at baseline and after 12 months. OHRQoL was assessed with the General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and the UK oral health‐related quality‐of‐life measure (OHQoL‐UK). In addition, patients' global rating of oral health and socio‐demographic variables were recorded. The MID was estimated with anchor‐based and distributions‐based methods.ResultsThere were no differences between the two educational groups. The OHRQoL was significantly improved after treatment. The MID was approximately five for OHQoL‐UK with a moderate ES, and three for GOHAI with a Small ES, and 46–50% of the patients showed improvements beyond the MID.ConclusionBoth oral health educational groups reported higher scores in OHRQoL after NSPT resulting in more positive well‐being (OHQoL‐UK) and less frequent oral problems (GOHAI). OHQoL‐UK gave a greater effect size and mean change scores but both instruments were associated with the participants' self‐rated change in oral health. The changes were meaningful for the patients supported by the estimated MID.
Practitioner Review: Dysphoria and its regulation in child and adolescent depression
Authors: Kovacs Maria , Yaroslavsky Ilya 
Published: November 2013

BackgroundBy emphasizing the importance of emotions, the ‘affect revolution’ in how human behavior is conceptualized has inspired a new generation of studies on dysphoric experience and its regulation in clinical depression, and novel efforts to characterize the precursors of affective disorders in juveniles at familial risk for depression.MethodWe review clinical, behavioral, and functional neuroimaging studies of dysphoric experience and its regulation in depressed children and adolescents, and in juvenile offspring of parents with histories of clinical depression. We discuss the implication of the literature in the context of maternal depression.ResultsFindings confirm the high rate of clinically significant dysphoria in depressed children and adolescents and reveal notable affective lability in daily life as a function of context and activity. Findings also show that depressed youngsters have problems in attenuating dysphoria. Similarly, never‐depressed offspring at familial risk for depression display problems in mood repair and impaired mood repair mechanisms. Brain neuroimaging findings indicate that, overall, depressed, and high‐risk youngsters differ from never depressed controls in neural functioning (activation, connectivity) both at rest and in response to emotion triggers.ConclusionThe evaluation of depressed youngsters should include questions about reactivity of dysphoric mood to the changing contexts of daily life and about how they manage (respond to) their own sadness and distress. The resultant information may help the clinician to restructure a young patient's day for the better and identify helpful mood repair responses. Evidence of impaired mood repair mechanisms in youngsters at high‐risk for depression suggests the need for early intervention. But interventions must consider that many depressed and high‐risk children have depressed mothers, who may be constrained in their ability to help offspring's emotion regulation efforts. To optimize treatment response of offspring, mothers of depressed children should therefore be routinely screened for depression and treated, as warranted.
Is Easy Read information really easier to read?
Authors: Hurtado B. , Jones L. , Burniston F. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundProducing accessible information regarding health issues is very important in order to ensure that people with intellectual disabilities (ID) have equal access to services and can make informed decisions about their treatment.MethodThis study examined whether an Easy Read leaflet improved service users’ comprehension and compared the efficacy of two different modalities of presenting information: ‘text and pictures’ or ‘pictures only’. Participants’ knowledge was assessed at baseline and immediately after the leaflet.ResultsOur findings indicate that the use of the leaflet improved knowledge but neither modality of presenting information was significantly more effective at making the document easier to understand. Contrary to expectation, people with milder ID may find pictures more effective in the absence of text.ConclusionsAlthough pictures were not found to be detrimental, our results do not favour the use of pictures as well as text when giving information, particularly to people with milder disabilities. The generalised use of text and picture formats for all people with ID in spite of the scant evidence supporting its effectiveness is concerning.
Vascular endothelial growth factor signaling in injured nerves underlies peripheral sensitization in neuropathic pain
Authors: Kiguchi Norikazu , Kobayashi Yuka , Kadowaki Yui , Fukazawa Yohji , Saika Fumihiro , Kishioka Shiroh 
Published: November 2013

AbstractChronic neuroinflammation may be a critical component of intractable inflammatory diseases, including neuropathic pain. Because angiogenesis as a result of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling plays a pivotal role in inflammation, we focused on the mechanisms of VEGF‐regulated neuropathic pain in mice. The mRNA and protein expression of VEGFA were up‐regulated in the injured sciatic nerve after partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL). VEGFA was localized to accumulated macrophages and neutrophils derived from bone marrow. Up‐regulation of VEGFA was mediated by histone H3 acetylation and trimethylation in its promoter region. VEGF receptors (VEGFR1 and VEGFR2) were localized to vascular endothelial cells or macrophages. By ex vivo fluorescence imaging and immunohistochemistry using DiI fluorescence, progression of angiogenesis was observed in the injured sciatic nerve after PSL. Perineural administration of pharmacological inhibitors of VEGFA and VEGFR tyrosine kinases prevented tactile allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia caused by PSL. Moreover, we determined the contribution of VEGF‐ and CXC‐chemokine receptor 4‐expressing angiogenic macrophages to neuropathic pain. Taken together, VEGFA is up‐regulated in injured peripheral nerves and participates in angiogenesis and prolonged pain behaviors through its receptors. We propose that VEGFA‐related components may underlie peripheral sensitization leading to neuropathic pain.
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Angiogenesis due to VEGF signaling is a key component of chronic inflammation. VEGFA up‐regulation and pathological angiogenesis were observed in the injured nerves in mice. Pharmacological inhibition of VEGF signaling suppressed neuropathic pain behaviors. Therefore, VEGFA‐related components may underlie peripheral neuroinflammation leading to neuropathic pain.
Effect of early childhood protein‐energy malnutrition on permanent dentition dental caries
Authors: Reyes‐Perez Elisandra , Borrell Luisa N. , Katz Ralph V. , Gebrian Bette J. , Prophete Samuel , Psoter Walter J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is to determine the effect of early childhood protein‐energy malnutrition (ECPEM) on decayed, missing, filled tooth (DMFT) scores in the permanent dentition of rural Haitian adolescents aged 11‐19 years (n = 1,006).MethodsWe used data from a retrospective cohort that was developed from the Haitian Health Foundation database and merged records on weight‐for‐age covering the birth through 5‐year‐old period for all enrolled participants. Dental examinations and interviewer‐administered structured questionnaires on demographic and socioeconomic status, and relative sugar consumption were completed in 1,058 participants aged 11‐19 years. The ECPEM was defined based on weight‐for‐age of the subjects during their first 5 years of life that were converted to Z‐scores based on the National Center for Health Statistics referent database. Descriptive statistics were calculated. DMFT was regressed on ECPEM adjusting for age, sex, current body mass index Z‐score, socioeconomic status, relative sugar consumption, and number of permanent teeth present assuming a Poisson distribution.ResultsQuestionable malnutrition [rate ratio (RR) = 0.72; 95 percent confidence interval (CI), 0.61‐0.86] and malnutrition (RR = 0.58; 95 percent CI, 0.49‐0.69) were associated with a statistically significant lower DMFT in Haitian adolescents.ConclusionsECPEM status is inversely associated with DMFT in Haitian participants. Further follow‐up of these same participants will be recommended to evaluate the potential caries catch‐up effect.
Speech Variation, Utility, and Game Theory
Authors: Dror Moshe , Granot Daniel , Yaeger‐Dror Malcah 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe review a new perspective for analyzing linguistic variation, diffusion, and change, by introducing into this ‘arena’ the economists' perception of strategic individual interactions. We invoke basic game theory principles to explain linguistic outcomes of individual speech production in a variety of interactional social settings. We present real‐life examples that illustrate our game perspective regarding linguistic interactions and present a number of mappings into well‐known game constructs such as the Prisoners' Dilemma, iterated dominance, and extensive form games. Our purpose is to suggest a game theory ‘prism’ as a plausible methodology for analysis of individual interactional linguistic situations.
Constraints on Vesta's elemental composition: Fast neutron measurements by Dawn's gamma ray and neutron detector
Authors: Lawrence David J. , Peplowski Patrick N. , Prettyman Thomas H. , Feldman William C. , Bazell David , Mittlefehldt David W. , Reedy Robert C. , Yamashita Naoyuki 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSurface composition information from Vesta is reported using fast neutron data collected by the gamma ray and neutron detector on the Dawn spacecraft. After correcting for variations due to hydrogen, fast neutrons show a compositional dynamic range and spatial variability that is consistent with variations in average atomic mass from howardite, eucrite, and diogenite (HED) meteorites. These data provide additional compositional evidence that Vesta is the parent body to HED meteorites. A subset of fast neutron data having lower statistical precision show spatial variations that are consistent with a 400 ppm variability in hydrogen concentrations across Vesta and supports the idea that Vesta's hydrogen is due to long‐term delivery of carbonaceous chondrite material.
Inference of chromosomal inversion dynamics fromPool‐Seq data in natural and laboratory populations ofDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Kapun Martin , van Schalkwyk Hester , McAllister Bryant , Flatt Thomas , Schlötterer Christian 
Published: November 2013

AbstractSequencing of pools of individuals (Pool‐Seq) represents a reliable and cost‐effective approach for estimating genome‐wideSNPand transposable element insertion frequencies. However,Pool‐Seq does not provide direct information on haplotypes so that, for example, obtaining inversion frequencies has not been possible until now. Here, we have developed a new set of diagnostic markerSNPs for seven cosmopolitan inversions inDrosophila melanogasterthat can be used to infer inversion frequencies fromPool‐Seq data. We applied our novel marker set toPool‐Seq data from an experimental evolution study and fromNorthAmerican andAustralian latitudinal clines. In the experimental evolution data, we find evidence that positive selection has driven the frequencies ofIn(3R)CandIn(3R)Moto increase over time. In the clinal data, we confirm the existence of frequency clines forIn(2L)t,In(3L)PandIn(3R)Paynein bothNorthAmerica andAustralia and detect a previously unknown latitudinal cline forIn(3R)MoinNorthAmerica. The inversion markers developed here provide a versatile and robust tool for characterizing inversion frequencies and their dynamics inPool‐Seq data from diverseD. melanogasterpopulations.
Two‐Week Test–Retest Stability of the Cold Pressor Task Procedure at two different Temperatures as a Measure of Pain Threshold and Tolerance
Authors: Koenig Julian , Jarczok Marc N. , Ellis Robert J , Bach Claudia , Thayer Julian F. , Hillecke Thomas K. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe cold pressor task (CPT) was originally developed as a clinically indicative cardiovascular test, and quantifies vascular response and pulse excitability when a subject's hand is immersed into ice water. Since the test procedure results in a gradually increasing cold pain, the CPT has been widely used as a nociceptive stimulus in experimental studies on adults and children.AimTo evaluate the test‐retest stability of response patterns using the CPT as a measure of pain threshold and pain tolerance.Materials and MethodsIn the present study, sixty‐one undergraduate students received painful stimulation using the CPT either at 4°C or 6°C. Measurements of pain threshold, pain tolerance and pain intensity ratings using the short form of the McGill pain questionnaire (SF‐MPQ), were derived. The assessment was repeated twice over an interval of 2 weeks. Test‐Retest stability was assessed within a three‐layered approach, using ANOVAs, interclass correlation coefficients and standard error of the mean. A Bland‐Altman analysis was also performed. Possible predictors of pain threshold and pain tolerance were assessed using random effect panel regression models.ResultsNo significant differences emerged as a function of temperature (4°C or 6°C) on pain threshold, pain tolerance, and pain ratings. Environmental variables (room temperature and humidity) show no impact on measures of pain threshold and pain tolerance.ConclusionConsistent with previous findings, regression analysis reveals that age is significantly associated with pain tolerance. The CPT procedure shows excellent 2 week test‐retest stability to assess pain threshold and pain tolerance within a student population.
Characterization of VRC01, a potent and broadly neutralizing anti‐HIV mAb, produced in transiently and stably transformed tobacco
Authors: Teh Audrey Y‐H. , Maresch Daniel , Klein Katja , Ma Julian K‐C. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryThe proposed clinical trial in Africa of VRC01, a potent broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) capable of neutralizing 91% of known HIV‐1 isolates, raises concerns about testing a treatment which will be too expensive to be accessible by the most important target population, the poor in under‐developed regions such as sub‐Saharan Africa. Here, we report the expression of VRC01 in plants as an economic alternative to conventional mammalian‐cell‐based production platforms. The heavy and light chain genes of VRC01 were cloned onto a single vector, pTRAk.2, which was transformed into Nicotiana benthamiana or Nicotiana tabacum using transient and stable expression production systems respectively. VRC01 has been successfully expressed transiently in plants with expression level of approximately 80 mg antibody/kg; stable transgenic lines expressing up to 100 mg antibody/kg were also obtained. Plant‐produced VRC01 from both systems showed a largely homogeneous N‐glycosylation profile with a single dominant glycoform. The binding kinetics to gp120 IIIB (approximately 1 nm), neutralization of HIV‐1 BaL or a panel of 10 VRC01‐sensitive HIV‐1 Env pseudoviruses of VRC01 produced in transient and stable plants were also consistent with VRC01 from HEK cells.
“Date nights” take two: The maintenance function of shared relationship activities
Authors: GIRME YUTHIKA U. , OVERALL NICKOLA C. , FAINGATAA SIVAILELE 
Published: November 2013

AbstractOne‐hundred and ninety‐six individuals (Study 1) and 83 couples (Study 2) reported on their shared relationship activities—activities that individuals engage in with their partner to facilitate closeness in their romantic relationships. Couples also reported on the quality of their shared activities and relationships 3 months later (Study 2). Results indicated that shared activities help to sustain relationships, and do so beyond threat‐based maintenance strategies (i.e., accommodation). Activities that were satisfying, stress‐free, and increased closeness predicted greater relationship quality concurrently and longitudinally. However, positive activity and relationship outcomes depended on the degree to which partners were dedicated to the activity, indicating that shared activities sustain relationship quality only when partners are responsive and want to share relationship activities.
Psoriasis treatment: faster and long‐standing results after bathing in geothermal seawater. A randomized trial of three UVB phototherapy regimens
Authors: Eysteinsdóttir Jenna Huld , Ólafsson Jón Hjaltalín , Agnarsson Bjarni A. , Lúðvíksson Björn Rúnar , Sigurgeirsson Bárður 
Published: November 2013

SummaryBackgroundThe combination of seawater baths and narrowband ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB) is a known treatment for psoriasis. This study evaluates two treatment regimens that combine bathing in geothermal seawater and NB‐UVB therapy in comparison with NB‐UVB monotherapy.MethodsSixty‐eight psoriasis patients were randomly assigned to outpatient bathing in geothermal seawater combined with NB‐UVB therapy three times a week, intensive daily treatment involving bathing in geothermal seawater combined with NB‐UVB therapy, or NB‐UVB therapy alone three times a week; treatment period was 6 weeks. Disease severity [Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) and Lattice System Physician's Global Assessment scores], quality of life (Dermatology Life Quality Index) and histological changes were evaluated before, during and after treatment. The primary end point was the proportion of patients who achieved PASI 75 at 6 weeks.ResultsAt 6 weeks, the percentage of patients who achieved PASI 75 and PASI 90 was significantly greater for both regimens, bathing in geothermal seawater three times a week (68.1% and 18.2%, respectively) and intensive treatment with geothermal seawater (73.1% and 42.3%, respectively) than for NB‐UVB monotherapy (16.7% and 0%, respectively) (P < 0.05 in all comparisons). Clinical improvement was paralleled by improvement in quality of life and histological score and a reduction in NB‐UVB doses.ConclusionBathing in geothermal seawater combined with NB‐UVB therapy in psoriasis induces faster clinical and histological improvement, produces longer remission time and permits lower NB‐UVB doses than UVB therapy alone.
Aldrin and Dieldrin: A Reevaluation of the Cancer and Noncancer Dose‐Response Assessments
Authors: Hooker Eric P. , Fulcher Keri G. , Gibb Herman J. 
Published: November 2013

The dose‐response analyses of cancer and noncancer health effects of aldrin and dieldrin were evaluated using current methodology, including benchmark dose analysis and the current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) guidance on body weight scaling and uncertainty factors. A literature review was performed to determine the most appropriate adverse effect endpoints. Using current methodology and information, the estimated reference dose values were 0.0001 and 0.00008 mg/kg‐day for aldrin and dieldrin, respectively. The estimated cancer slope factors for aldrin and dieldrin were 3.4 and 7.0 (mg/kg‐day)−1, respectively (i.e., about 5‐ and 2.3‐fold lower risk than the 1987 U.S. EPA assessments). Because aldrin and dieldrin are no longer used as pesticides in the United States, they are presumed to be a low priority for additional review by the U.S. EPA. However, because they are persistent and still detected in environmental samples, quantitative risk assessments based on the best available methods are required. Recent epidemiologic studies do not demonstrate a causal association between aldrin and dieldrin and human cancer risk. The proposed reevaluations suggest that these two compounds pose a lower human health risk than currently reported by the U.S. EPA.
Early infections after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children and adolescents: the St. Jude experience
Authors: Srinivasan A. , McLaughlin L. , Wang C. , Srivastava D.K. , Shook D.R. , Leung W. , Hayden R.T. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractIntroductionAdvances in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) over the past 20 years may have had an impact on the morbidity and mortality associated with infections post transplant.Patients and methodsWe sought to retrospectively analyze the epidemiology of the first episode of bacterial, fungal, viral, or parasitic infections 0–30 days post transplant in a cohort of 320 children and adolescents who underwent autologous HSCT in a single institution, between 1990 and 2009 for solid tumors or lymphoma, and in 65 children transplanted for acute leukemia during the same period.ResultsInfections occurred in 66 (21%) patients with solid tumors or lymphoma. Bacterial infections occurred in 33 (10%) including bacteremia in 23 (7%), and viral infections in 34 (11%) patients. Gram‐positive bacterial infections were more prevalent than gram‐negative bacterial infections (P = 0.03). Infections caused by fungal or parasitic pathogens were uncommon. The decade when transplant was performed (1990–1999 vs. 2000–2009) had no impact on the incidence of bacterial (P = 0.41) or viral (P = 0.47) infection. Between 1990 and 1999, a total of 60 (92%) children were transplanted for leukemia, and 5 (8%) in the 2000–2009 period (P < 0.0001). Infections occurred in 32 (49%) patients. Bacterial (P = 0.004), candidal (P = 0.003), and herpes simplex viral (P = 0.03) infections were more common in patients transplanted for leukemia. In patients transplanted for leukemia, 3 deaths occurred attributed to infection, all before 2000.ConclusionChanges in epidemiology of infection are likely a result of decline in autologous transplantation for childhood leukemia in the recent era. Autologous transplantation for solid tumors or lymphoma was not associated with mortality from early infections at our institution.
On Quantum Models of the Human Mind
Authors: Wang Hongbin , Sun Yanlong 
Published: November 2013

AbstractRecent years have witnessed rapidly increasing interests in developing quantum theoretical models of human cognition. Quantum mechanisms have been taken seriously to describe how the mind reasons and decides. Papers in this special issue report the newest results in the field. Here we discuss why the two levels of commitment, treating the human brain as a quantum computer and merely adopting abstract quantum probability principles to model human cognition, should be integrated. We speculate that quantum cognition models gain greater modeling power due to a richer representation scheme.
Conditions for Quantum Interference in Cognitive Sciences
Authors: Yukalov Vyacheslav I. , Sornette Didier 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe present a general classification of the conditions under which cognitive science, concerned, e.g. with decision making, requires the use of quantum theoretical notions. The analysis is done in the frame of the mathematical approach based on the theory of quantum measurements. We stress that quantum effects in cognition can arise only when decisions are made under uncertainty. Conditions for the appearance of quantum interference in cognitive sciences and the conditions when interference cannot arise are formulated.