bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How to predict adequate bowel preparation before colonoscopy using conventional polyethylene glycol: Prospective observational study based on survey
Authors: Kim Hyun Gun , Jeon Seong Ran , Kim Mi Young , Lee Tae Hee , Cho Jun‐Hyung , Ko Bong Min , Kim Jin‐Oh , Cho Joo Young , Lee Joon Seong 
Published: May 2014

Background and AimThe present study investigated the conditions and predictive factors for adequate bowel preparation using 4‐L polyethylene glycol (PEG) preparation in clinical practice.MethodsWe conducted a prospective‐survey‐based observational study. The survey consisted of 14 questions that assessed the preparation method (group 1: split method for morning colonoscopy; group 2: full‐volume method for same‐day afternoon colonoscopy; group 3: full‐volume method for next‐day morning colonoscopy), dinner type and timing the day before colonoscopy, elapsed time after PEG consumption, and stool character and defecation frequency immediately before colonoscopy. Preparation status was compared using the Boston bowel preparation scale (BBPS).ResultsTotal of 465 surveys (391 for group 1, 55 for group 2, 19 for group 3) were conducted. Mean BBPS score was highest in group 1 and lowest in group 3 (P < 0.001). Fasting dinner before colonoscopy group showed a higher mean BBPS than the diet group; eating before 6 p.m. and a low‐residue diet showed a higher mean BBPS (P < 0.05). Defecation frequency (>5 times) was related to adequate preparation in the left colon and elapsed time (<5 h) to that in the right colon (P < 0.05). Liquid stool without solid material immediately before colonoscopy was related to adequate preparation (P < 0.001).ConclusionIn bowel preparation with 4‐L PEG, elapsed time after PEG consumption (<5 h), defecation frequency (>5 times) and liquid stool without solid material immediately before colonoscopy were predictive factors for adequate bowel preparation just before colonoscopy.
Who's Watching Me: Female Siamese Fighting Fish Alter Their Interactions in Response to an Audience
Authors: Dzieweczynski Teresa L. , Greaney Nicole E. , Mannion Krystal L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIt is well established that interactions between conspecifics are often influenced by the presence of passive bystanders. Individuals have been found to alter their behavior in a variety of contexts, from foraging to aggression, based on the presence, sex, or identity of an audience. This audience effect may influence not only the nature of a signaling event but also the evolution of signal structure as signals may have to convey information across a distance. Additionally, audience individuals may use information obtained by watching in later encounters with these individuals, which may act as a selection pressure on communication. Communication networks in Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, are particularly well studied, with audience effects influencing both male–male interactions and male–female interactions. However, the effects of an audience on female–female interactions have not been examined in this species or any other. This study examined the interactions of pairs of females in three different audience conditions (male, female, and no audience). The results suggest that female–female interactions are affected by the presence of an audience as interactant‐directed gill flaring, the most commonly performed behavior, was performed more with an audience present. Additionally, the sex of the audience seemed to be influential, reflected by a difference in the frequency of interactant‐directed behaviors when a female vs. a male audience was present. This study is one of the first to demonstrate that females modify their behavior as a result of being watched and stresses the importance of examining audience effects in a variety of social contexts.
Enhancing Older Females' Psychological Well‐Being Through Social Shopping, Social Coping, and Informal Social Activities
Authors: Kang Jiyun , Ahn Mira 
Published: May 2014

This study sought to determine the role of social engagement in the psychological well‐being of females who were 55 years and older (hereafter older females). The authors developed and tested a comprehensive model that depicted the effects of social engagement activities along with financial and physical well‐being on a variety of indicators of psychological well‐being. A total of 213 responses were collected and analyzed based on structural equation modeling. The results indicated that various social engagement activities were significant predictors of older females' psychological well‐being. Informal social activities were found to be a predictor of all indicators of psychological well‐being, while social coping was only associated with life satisfaction. The results showed that social shopping was a significant predictor of social connectedness, depression, and self‐esteem. Financial well‐being was not significantly related to social connectedness, but it was related to other indicators of older females' psychological well‐being. Physical well‐being was not significantly related to any of the indicators. This model contributes to building activity and coping theories as well as providing implications for practitioners and service providers who are involved with older females.
The tryptophan synthase β‐subunit paralogs TrpB1 and TrpB2 in Thermococcus kodakarensis are both involved in tryptophan biosynthesis and indole salvage
Authors: Hiyama Takayoshi , Sato Takaaki , Imanaka Tadayuki , Atomi Haruyuki 
Published: May 2014

The last two steps of l‐tryptophan (Trp) biosynthesis are catalyzed by Trp synthase, a heterotetramer composed of TrpA and TrpB. TrpB catalyzes the condensation of indole, synthesized by TrpA, and serine to Trp. In the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis, trpA and trpB (trpB1) are located adjacently in the trpCDEGFB1A operon. Interestingly, several organisms possess a second trpB gene (trpB2) encoding TrpB2, located outside of the trp operon in T. kodakarensis. Until now, the physiological function of trpB2 has not been examined genetically. In the present study, we report the biochemical and physiological analyses of TrpB2 from T. kodakarensis. Kinetic analysis indicated that TrpB2 catalyzed the TrpB reaction but did not interact with TrpA as in the case of TrpB1. When growth phenotypes were examined for gene disruption strains, the double‐deletion mutant (ΔtrpB1ΔtrpB2) displayed Trp auxotrophy, whereas individual single mutants (ΔtrpB1 and ΔtrpB2 strains) did not. It has been proposed previously that, in Thermotoga maritima, TrpB2 provides an alternate route to generate Trp from serine and free indole (indole salvage). To accurately examine the capacity of TrpB1 and TrpB2 in Trp synthesis via indole salvage, we constructed ΔtrpEB1 and ΔtrpEB2 strains using strain KUW1 (ΔpyrFΔtrpE) as a host, eliminating the route for endogenous indole synthesis. Indole complemented the Trp auxotrophies of ΔtrpEB1 (ΔpyrFΔtrpEΔtrpB1) and ΔtrpEB2 (ΔpyrFΔtrpEΔtrpB2) to similar levels. The results indicate that TrpB1 and TrpB2 both contribute to Trp biosynthesis in T. kodakarensis and can utilize free indole, and that indole salvage does not necessarily rely on TrpB2 to a greater extent.Structured digital abstract

TrpA and TrpB1 bind by molecular sieving (View interaction)
A preliminary evaluation of the European Non‐native Species in Aquaculture Risk Assessment Scheme applied to species listed on Annex IV of the EU Alien Species Regulation
Authors: Copp G. H. , Godard M. J. , Russell I. C. , Peeler E. J. , Gherardi F. , Tricarico E. , Miossec L. , Goulletquer P. , Almeida D. , Britton J. R. , Vilizzi L. , Mumford J. , Williams C. , Reading A. , Rees E. M. A. , Merino‐Aguirre R. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractDeveloped for carrying out risk assessments under the European Commission (EC) Council Regulation No 708/2007 concerning the use of alien and locally absent species in aquaculture (ASR), the European Non‐native Species in Aquaculture Risk Assessment Scheme (ENSARS) is briefly summarised, and the ‘Organism’ module is applied to the 24 species listed in ASR's Annex IV. Four other ENSARS modules (Infectious Agent, Facility, Pathway, and Socio‐economic) were used to assess two case study species (European catfish Silurus glanis L. and red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii Girard). No Annex IV species was categorised as low risk, 10 as moderately low risk, 12 as medium risk, two as moderately high risk and none as high risk. The results are discussed and recommendations are made on further development of the scheme as well as the need to have multiple assessors of multidisciplinary expertise from the Member States concerned carry out the assessments using an approach similar to that carried out by EU Reference Laboratory proficiency tests.
Phytoplankton growth in relation to network topology: time‐averaged catchment‐scale modelling in a large lowland river
Authors: Istvánovics Vera , Honti Márk , Kovács Ádám , Kocsis Gáborné , Stier Izabella 
Published: May 2014

Summary

Using the unregulated, eutrophic Someş River (Romania/Hungary), a tributary of the Upper Tisza River as a model system, we related phytoplankton growth to the structure of river network modified by human intervention.

The Time‐Averaged Phytoplankton Increase in Rivers (TAPIR) model was developed by adding two new modules (nitrogen emission and phytoplankton growth) to the PHOSFATE model. The latter was a raster‐based, long‐term average GIS tool that computed the flow tree, mean hydrology and phosphorus concentration at fine spatial resolution in the entire catchment. Long‐term monitoring data at the outflow and phytoplankton profiles obtained along the Someş River in 2012 were used to calibrate the models.

In summer 2012, a few centric diatom species dominated the phytoplankton, with mean apparent net growth rate of 2.5 day−1 along a ˜100‐km‐long upstream section of the Someş River. This high growth rate was explained by enhanced benthic retention of meroplanktonic diatoms, while further downstream mean algal biomass varied between 80 and 100 mg Chl m−3.

The TAPIR model realistically reproduced observed mean biomass profiles of phytoplankton in the Someş River. According to modelling results, P‐determined biomass capacity prevented further growth of algae along the lower two‐thirds of the river.

Channel slope and form were important reach‐scale determinants of phytoplankton recruitment, while the absence of large tributaries along the Someş River resulted in marginal longitudinal changes in dilution and light availability. Therefore, phytoplankton might achieve high biomass in a wide range of instantaneous net growth rates realised under strongly fluctuating environmental conditions, which combined with the abundant nutrients from urban areas underpins advanced eutrophication. Large montane reservoirs on tributaries increased mean water age at the outflow of the Someş catchment by an order of magnitude compared with pristine conditions, but had a negligible overall impact on the phytoplankton of the Someş River.

Growth of river phytoplankton is intrinsically linked with network topology, including spatial distribution of nutrient inputs. Stochastic variability in discharge tends to destabilise, while specific network properties may stabilise phytoplankton growth in large rivers. Shallow rivers support meroplanktonic diatoms that, depending on discharge, may have adequate time to develop summer blooms, making shallow rivers particularly susceptible to eutrophication.
Predicting the likely response of data‐poor ecosystems to climate change using space‐for‐time substitution across domains
Authors: Lester Rebecca E. , Close Paul G. , Barton Jan L. , Pope Adam J. , Brown Stuart C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPredicting ecological response to climate change is often limited by a lack of relevant local data from which directly applicable mechanistic models can be developed. This limits predictions to qualitative assessments or simplistic rules of thumb in data‐poor regions, making management of the relevant systems difficult. We demonstrate a method for developing quantitative predictions of ecological response in data‐poor ecosystems based on a space‐for‐time substitution, using distant, well‐studied systems across an inherent climatic gradient to predict ecological response. Changes in biophysical data across the spatial gradient are used to generate quantitative hypotheses of temporal ecological responses that are then tested in a target region. Transferability of predictions among distant locations, the novel outcome of this method, is demonstrated via simple quantitative relationships that identify direct and indirect impacts of climate change on physical, chemical and ecological variables using commonly available data sources. Based on a limited subset of data, these relationships were demonstrably plausible in similar yet distant (>2000 km) ecosystems.Quantitative forecasts of ecological change based on climate‐ecosystem relationships from distant regions provides a basis for research planning and informed management decisions, especially in the many ecosystems for which there are few data. This application of gradient studies across domains – to investigate ecological response to climate change – allows for the quantification of effects on potentially numerous, interacting and complex ecosystem components and how they may vary, especially over long time periods (e.g. decades). These quantitative and integrated long‐term predictions will be of significant value to natural resource practitioners attempting to manage data‐poor ecosystems to prevent or limit the loss of ecological value. The method is likely to be applicable to many ecosystem types, providing a robust scientific basis for estimating likely impacts of future climate change in ecosystems where no such method currently exists.
Historical biogeography of a new antitropical clade of temperate freshwater fishes
Authors: Chen Wei‐Jen , Lavoué Sébastien , Beheregaray Luciano B. , Mayden Richard L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimAny discovery of new biogeographical pattern in landlocked animals may challenge hypotheses that account for the evolution of intercontinental faunas. In this study, we examined the evolutionary origin and historical biogeography of temperate, freshwater perch‐like fishes within a molecular phylogenetic framework.LocationTemperate Eastern Eurasia, the Americas and Australia.MethodsData from five nuclear markers obtained from 15 targeted species and a broad sampling of percomorphs were assembled to investigate their phylogeny and historical biogeography. We (1) applied a fossil‐calibrated Bayesian reconstruction to provide a phylogenetic time‐scale for the diversification of the taxa, (2) inferred the evolution of habitat preference through a tree‐based character reconstruction method, and (3) reconstructed the evolution of range distributions using a dispersal–extinction–cladogenesis model.ResultsWe recovered a new antitropical freshwater clade, Percichthyoidea, composed of Sinipercidae, Percichthyidae (including Percilia but excluding Macquaria colonorum), Elassomatidae and Centrarchidae. Our time‐scale analysis indicates that the Percichthyoidea originated around the Cretaceous–Palaeogene transition. Ancestral habitat reconstructions revealed only one marine‐to‐freshwater transition that preceded the origin of the percichthyoids; the warm‐to‐temperate transition occurred earlier. Ancestral‐area inference indicates a wide‐ranging pan‐American and Eastern Eurasian distribution of the most recent common ancestor of Percichthyoidea. The initial diversification event occurred between the southern (Percichthyidae) and northern (remaining percichthyoids) clades. A second divergence occurred between Eastern Eurasia (Sinipercidae) and North America (Centrarchidae plus Elassomatidae). The trans‐Pacific distribution of the Percichthyidae may have preceded the final breakup of south Gondwana.Main conclusionsThe present‐day distribution of the Percichthyoidea is unique within extant fishes, comprising four trans‐Pacific continental blocks across the two hemispheres. Current geological and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions may well explain the longitudinal but not the latitudinal pattern of this freshwater fish clade, as it requires a transequatorial freshwater system connecting temperate regions of South and North America during the Late Cretaceous/Palaeogene. An alternative hypothesis is discussed, in which the ancestor of the Percichthyoidea was not completely adapted to freshwater.
Molecular Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Two Novel Brackish Water Hypotrich Ciliates, with the Establishment of a New Genus, Antiokeronopsis gen. n. (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia)
Authors: Fan Yangbo , Pan Ying , Huang Jie , Lin Xiaofeng , Hu Xiaozhong , Warren Alan 
Published: May 2014

AbstractTwo novel brackish water urostyloid ciliates, Anteholosticha paramanca sp. n. and Antiokeronopsis flava gen. n., sp. n., isolated from the Shenzhen Mangrove Nature Protection Area on the coast of the South China Sea, were investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation techniques. Anteholosticha paramanca sp. n. is characterized by its spherical yellowish cortical granules arranged in lines, shortened midventral complex and three transverse cirri. Morphogenesis is similar to that in Anteholosticha manca. The new genus Antiokeronopsis is diagnosed by having a continuous adoral zone of membranelles, frontal cirri arranged in a bicorona, midventral complex composed of midventral pairs only, one marginal cirral row on each side, the presence of frontoterminal and transverse cirri, and the lack of buccal and caudal cirri. The type species A. flava sp. n. is characterized by its elongated body shape, brown to yellowish body color and two types of cortical granules. Small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequence data justify the classification of both species. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that A. paramanca clusters with Bakuella subtropica within a clade that includes two other Anteholosticha species, while Antiokeronopsis groups within the core urostylids and is most closely related to the well‐known genera Pseudokeronopsis and Uroleptopsis.
Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Pork Meat and Pork Meat Products Using SDS‐PAGE, 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and MALDI‐TOF Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Han S.‐K. , Hong Y. , Kwak H.‐L. , Kim E.‐S. , Kim M.‐J. , Shrivastav A. , Oh M.‐H. , Kim H.‐Y. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractLactic acid bacteria (LAB) are major components of the microbial flora of packaged and cured meats and can contribute to spoilage. Bacteriological analyses of the pork meat and pork meat product samples were carried out to know the diversity of LAB across the samples. Thirty‐one samples of raw pork meat, semi‐processed pork meat and pork meat products were collected from four meat factories in Korea. A total of 216 LAB were isolated and identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing followed by confirmation of results using matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry. Lactobacillus (Lb.) sakei was the most dominant LAB associated with all samples, regardless of the origin or packaging. The next predominant LAB were Lactococcus (Lc.) lactis and Pediococcus pentosaceus in raw samples, Lb. plantarum and Lb. brevis in semi‐processed samples, and Weissella viridescens and Lc. lactis in product samples. Lb. plantarum, Lc. lactis and Lb. brevis were LAB found in all sample groups.Practical ApplicationsIdentification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in pork meat and pork meat products is fundamental to understanding the onset of spoilage. The results will reveal the prevalence of different species in different processing conditions and be helpful in order to analyze spoilage by LAB rapidly and accurately. The high LAB loads detected on pork meat indicated that strategies to reduce microbial load and improve food safety are needed.
Fibre analysis in 3D materials and process validation on artificial data
Authors: COUPRIE M. , MEULENYZER S. , SALEM M.A. , TALBOT H. , POURCEL F. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe physical properties of fibrous materials are closely linked to their microstructure. In order to characterize their microstructures as effectively as possible, all fibres in a sample should be individualized. This work mainly aims at developing a new fibre analysis method that segments a 3D greyscale tomography image into a background and a set of connected components, each representing a single fibre. Properly completed fibre analyses may provide input data for generative or synthetic models, which can in turn be used to estimate various characteristics of the material. In this paper, we introduce an original method based on the skeletonization of the fibre mass, followed by a geometrical analysis of the obtained skeleton. Based on this procedure, several measurements can be computed (e.g. length, orientation, number of contacts). Furthermore, we validate the reliability of our fibre analysis process using various comparisons between our results and artificial ground‐truth data.
Rice Resistance to Sheath Blight Mediated by Potassium
Authors: Schurt Daniel Augusto , Lopes Ueder Pedro , Duarte Henrique Silva Silveira , Rodrigues Fabrício Ávila 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of potassium (K) on sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) development on rice plants from cultivars BR‐IRGA 409 and Labelle grown in nutrient solution containing 0, 50 and 100 mm of K. Sheath blight progress on inoculated sheaths was evaluated by measuring the relative lesion length at 48, 72, 96 and 120 h after inoculation (hai). Data were used to calculate the area under relative lesion length progress curve (AURLLPC). The foliar K concentration on leaf sheaths tissue increased by 61.48 and 116.05% to cultivars BR‐IRGA 409 and Labelle, respectively, as the K rates increased from 0 to 100 mm. A linear model best described the relationship between the AURLLPC and the K rates. The AURLLPC decreased by 29.2 and 21.3% for cultivars BR‐IRGA 409 and Labelle, respectively, as the K rates in the nutrient solution increased. It can be concluded that high K concentration on leaf sheaths tissue was important to decrease sheath blight symptoms on rice leaf sheaths.