bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Montmorency cherry supplementation enhances 15 km cycling time trial performance: Optimal timing 90‐min pre‐exercise
Authors: Wangdi Jimmy T. , O’Leary Mary F. , Kelly Vincent G. , Tang Jonathan C. Y. , Bowtell Joanna L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMontmorency cherry (MC) can improve endurance performance, but optimal pre‐exercise timing of supplementation and influence of training status on efficacy are unknown. We investigated the effect of MC concentrate ingestion between 30‐ and 150‐min pre‐exercise in trained and recreational cyclists on 15‐km time trial (TT) performance and exercise economy. Twenty participants (10 recreationally active, RA; 10 trained, T) completed 10 min of steady‐state exercise (SSE) at 40%Δ (SSE) and a TT on four separate occasions following an unsupplemented (US), 30‐, 90‐ or 150‐min pre‐exercise Montmorency cherry concentrate (MCC) supplementation conditions (MCC30/90/150min). Venous and capillary blood samples were taken at regular intervals pre‐ and post‐SSE and TT. MCC significantly improved TT performance, but not exercise economy. The greatest improvement in performance occurred following MCC90min compared to US (US 1603.1 ± 248 s vs. MCC90min 1554.8 ± 226.7 s, 2.83% performance improvement). Performance was significantly enhanced for trained (US 1496.6 ± 173.1 s vs. MCC90min 1466.8 ± 157.6 s) but not recreationally active participants. Capillary [lactate] and heart rate were significantly greater during the TT for the 90‐min dose timing (p < 0.05). In the MCC30min and MCC90min conditions, plasma ferulic (US 8.71 ± 3.22 nmol. L−1 vs. MCC30min 15.80 ± 8.69 nmol. L−1, MCC90min 12.65 ± 4.84 nmol. L−1) and vanillic acid (US 25.14 ± 10.91 nmol.L−1 vs. MCC30min 153.07 ± 85.91 nmol. L−1, MCC90min 164.58 ± 59.06 nmol. L−1) were significantly higher pre‐exercise than in US and MCC150min conditions (p < 0.05). There was no significant change in muscle oxygenation status or plasma nitrite/nitrate concentration. MCC supplementation enhanced endurance exercise performance optimally when consumed ∼90 min pre‐exercise producing maximal plasma phenolic metabolites during exercise. The ergogenic effect was greater for trained participants.
Exploring the impact of adenoid obstruction on the human nasal airflow through parallel computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Yan Zhengzheng , Wang Xinhong , Chen Rongliang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAdenoid obstruction is a prevalent condition that can significantly alter nasal airflow patterns, leading to various respiratory symptoms. This study aims to explore the influence of adenoid obstruction on human nasal airflow using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. We developed a realistic nasal cavity model to simulate both steady‐state inhalation and transient breathing cycles, accounting for various levels of obstruction. The three‐dimensional, incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations were discretized employing a stabilized finite element method on unstructured meshes, along with an implicit second‐order backward differentiation formula. The numerical solution was obtained using a Newton‐Krylov‐Schwarz algorithm‐based parallel solver. Our findings indicate that obstruction of the adenoid cross‐sectional area below 50% minimally affects nasal airflow, whereas noticeable changes occurred as obstructions exceeded the 50% threshold. Complete blockage was observed at levels greater than 70%, and inhalation difficulties could arise even at the 50% obstruction mark during stimulation or extreme inhalation scenarios. These results substantiate the clinical guidelines that advocate a 50% obstruction ratio as the demarcation between conservative treatment and surgery. Furthermore, this study offers valuable insights into the intricate relationship between the adenoid obstruction and nasal airflow, potentially enhancing clinical decision‐making in the diagnosis and treatment of nasal obstruction.
Hyperspectral guidance for summer tea processing: Enhancing taste and aroma through short‐term cycled heaping
Authors: Cao Hujing , Tian Jingjing , Zeng Jiarui , Wu Yujing , Xu Shuofei , Duan Yu , Shen Tingting , Pan Leiqing , Xin Zhihong , Fang Wanping , Zhu Xujun 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo reduce the unpleasant flavor in tea infusion made from summer fresh leaves and lessen tea resource wastage, a short‐term cycled heaping method, addressing the temperature/moisture variations during prolonged heaping, was introduced to produce high‐quality yellow tea with significantly enhanced taste and aroma. Furthermore, a hyperspectral approach was developed to anticipate such improvements. Specifically, short‐term cycled heaping reduced summer tea's astringency and bitterness while increasing sweetness. Using near‐infrared spectroscopy, the multiplicative scatter correction (MSC)–support vector machine (SVM) model predicted tea umami with 66.25% precision and richness with 77.64% accuracy via standard normal variate (SNV)–SVM, based on epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin (EC), and gallocatechin gallate (GCG) variations. Aroma enhancement was forecasted by a hyperspectral–electronic nose regression model, achieving over 81.50% prediction accuracy for summer tea aromas in the visible spectrum and surpassing 73.45% in the near‐infrared domain, primarily attributed to pentanal, propanal, toluene, ethyl propionate, and 2,3‐pentanedione variations. Overall, hyperspectral‐guided summer tea processing, particularly for summer‐harvested leaves, shows potential in offering a valuable screening tool, enhancing quality, and efficiency in the tea industry and promoting sustainable development.
Electroconductive hydrogels for bioelectronics: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Liu Nian , Ma Huifang , Li Maorui , Qin Rongrong , Li Peng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractElectroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) have been extensively explored as promising flexible materials for bioelectronics because of their tunable conductivity and tissue‐like biological and mechanical properties. ECHs can interact intimately with biosystems, transmit physiological signals, and are expected to revolutionize the convergence between organisms and electronics. However, there are still some challenges in utilizing ECHs as flexible materials for bioelectronics, such as mismatched stretchability with tissues, a lack of environmental adaptability, susceptibility to mechanical damage, inferior interface compatibility, and vulnerability to bacterial contamination. This review categorizes these challenges encountered in the bioelectronic applications of ECHs and elaborates on the strategies and theories for improving their performance. Furthermore, we present an overview of the recent advancements in ECHs for bioelectronic applications, specifically focusing on their contributions to healthcare monitoring, treatment of diseases, and human–machine interfaces. The scope of future research on ECHs in bioelectronics is also proposed. Overall, this review offers a comprehensive exposition of difficult issues and potential opportunities for ECHs in bioelectronics, offering valuable insights for the design and fabrication of ECH‐based bioelectronic devices.
Novel Analytic Representations for Caps, Floors, Collars, and Exchange Options on Continuous Flows, Arbitrage‐Free Relations, and Optimal Investments
Authors: Dias José Carlos , Nunes João Pedro Vidal , Silva Fernando Correia da 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTWe offer analytic formulae for valuing finite maturity profit caps and floors that are contingent on continuous flows without the need for subtracting the risk‐neutral expectation of the forward starting perpetual solution from the corresponding perpetual solution. The related price caps, floors, and collars are easily obtained from any analytic representation of profit caps and floors using some arbitrage‐free relations. Finally, we offer two novel methods for calculating the optimal triggers of investment projects in the presence of price floors and collars regimes in a way that is much simpler than the ones currently used.
Factors affecting ocular trauma in Iran: A systematic review study
Authors: Mir Atefeh , Baseri Maryam Moradi , Farmanfarma Khadijeh Kalan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsOcular trauma (OT) is a a major cause of ocular morbidity and blindness. This study was systematically conducted to determine the factors contributing to OT in Iran.MethodsIn this study, a systematic review of all published articles in Persian and English languages from 2000 to 2023 was conducted to investigate the factors affecting OT in Iran. The included studies encompassed cross‐sectional, cohort, and case‐control designs. Articles were selected from internationally recognized databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, as well as Persian databases such as SID and Magiran. The search strategy involved using keywords aligned with the (MeSH) terms, such as “oculars,” “trauma,” and “Iran.” Initially, 403 articles were identified, and ultimately, 14 articles met the inclusion criteria. To ensure the prevention of bias and assess the quality of the selected articles, the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was utilized.ResultIn the present study, the majority of individuals in the reviewed articles were categorized as having mild eye injuries (13.8%). A higher percentage of injuries was observed in males compared to females, and a higher prevalence of injuries was also observed in the age group of over 30 years compared to other age groups. Among the mechanical causes, sharp trauma had the highest prevalence rate (72.5%), while falls had the lowest prevalence rate (14%), followed by sport‐related injuries (29%). Non‐mechanical injuries were mentioned in only one article and had a prevalence rate of 1.5%ConclusionThe results of the current research have shown that among the mechanical injuries, accidents involving motorcycles and sharp objects are the leading causes of OT in Iranians. Therefore, the use of protective equipment such as goggles and adherence to traffic laws play a particularly important role, especially in men higher the age of 30. These findings highlight the necessity for targeted educational and preventive measures to reduce OT in Iran.
Factors associated with sleep quality among Afghan healthcare workers
Authors: Haidarzada Ahmad Shoaib , Neyazi Ahmad , Padhi Bijaya K. , Razaqi Nosaibah , Afzali Habibah , Tabib Raz Mohammad , Ahmadi Mahsa , Neyazi Mehrab , Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsSleep is a complex physiological process during which the body and mind enter a period of rest. For a healthy lifestyle, different cohort groups can be affected in different ways. One such cohort is healthcare workers (HCWs)—an unexplored group in Afghanistan. Therefore, the present study examined the association between a range of sociodemographic factors including having night shift work and sleep quality among Afghan HCWs.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was administered in January 2023 among HCWs (N = 342) in the Herat province of Afghanistan. The survey examined sleep quality and its association with a range of sociodemographic factors among HCWs. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association of sleep quality with sociodemographic characteristics among HCWs. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the sleep quality among HCWs.ResultsA total of 342 HCWs participated in the present study with an age range of 18 to 60 years. The mean age of the participants was 28.90 years (SD ± 8.10). Just over half of the participants were male (50.3%). Of the 342 participants, 58.5% reported poor sleep quality. Being married status, having higher number of children, not being a doctor, having low economic status, working night shifts, and having a traumatic event occur during past month were among the main variables associated with sleep quality among Afghan HCWs. Multiple regression analysis indicated that having high income [negatively] (AOR = 4.132, p = 0.002), working night shifts [positively] (AOR = 0.288, p < 0.001), and having a traumatic event occur during past month [positively] (AOR = 0.504, p = 0.007) were significantly associated with sleep quality.ConclusionThe study suggests the need for Afghan health employers to create a healthy work environment that prioritizes the well‐being of their employees by limiting overtime hours, providing rest breaks during long shifts, and ensuring that HCWs have access to necessary resources for coping with work‐related stressors. These policies would promote the overall health and well‐being of the workforce and would likely lead to better patient care outcomes.
Exploring the association between online gaming addiction and academic performance among the school‐going adolescents in Bangladesh: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Anjum Ramisa , Nodi Nodia Hossain , Das Proma Rani , Roknuzzaman A. S. M. , Sarker Rapty , Islam Md. Rabiul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsThe pervasive nature of online gaming, notably accentuated during the COVID‐19 pandemic, has spurred concerns regarding gaming addiction among children. This study explores the intricate ramifications of online gaming addiction on the academic performance and social dynamics of children in Bangladesh. Our primary objective is to gauge the extent of online gaming addiction and unravel its profound effects on academic performance.MethodsConducting a nationwide survey from January 1, 2023, to June 30, 2023, we analyzed 502 responses from participants aged 6–17 years. The survey encompassed sociodemographic details, gaming addiction assessment, and academic performance following a simple random sampling method. We analyzed participant demographics utilizing descriptive statistics, chi‐square tests, and logistic regression.ResultsKey findings revealed a majority within the 13–17 age bracket (75.50%), predominantly male (58.57%), and enrolled in secondary education (83.27%). A robust inverse relationship showed that nonaddicted students towards online gaming had higher academic performance. Therefore, it is important to implement targeted strategies to address online gaming addiction among Bangladeshi children.ConclusionRecommending early intervention, academic initiatives, and holistic therapy, we advocate for collaboration among educational institutions, mental health professionals, parents, and policymakers. All of these initiatives are essential to navigate the evolving challenges presented by gaming addiction. Furthermore, our call for ongoing research seeks to deepen our understanding of enduring consequences on academic and social dimensions, fostering a digitally supportive environment conducive to the holistic well‐being of children.
Melatonin effect on breast and ovarian cancers by targeting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: Pourbarkhordar Vahid , Rahmani Sohrab , Roohbakhsh Ali , Hayes A. Wallace , Karimi Gholamreza 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMelatonin, the hormone of the pineal gland, possesses a range of physiological functions, and recently, its anticancer effect has become more apparent. A more thorough understanding of molecular alterations in the components of several signaling pathways as new targets for cancer therapy is needed because of current innate restrictions such as drug toxicity, side effects, and acquired or de novo resistance. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is overactivated in many solid tumors, such as breast and ovarian cancers. This pathway in normal cells is essential for growth, proliferation, and survival. However, it is an undesirable characteristic in malignant cells. We have reviewed multiple studies about the effect of melatonin on breast and ovarian cancer, focusing on the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Melatonin exerts its inhibitory effects via several mechanisms. A: Downregulation of downstream or upstream components of the signaling pathway such as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)‐trisphosphate kinase (PI3K), p‐PI3K, Akt, p‐Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and mTOR complex1 (mTORC1). B: Apoptosis induction by decreasing MDM2 expression, a downstream target of Akt, and mTOR, which leads to Bad activation in addition to Bcl‐XL and p53 inhibition. C: Induction of autophagy in cancer cells via activating ULK1 after mTOR inhibition, resulting in Beclin‐1 phosphorylation. Beclin‐1 with AMBRA1 and VPS34 promotes PI3K complex I activity and autophagy in cancer cells. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway overlaps with other intracellular signaling pathways and components such as AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), Wnt/β‐catenin, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and other similar pathways. Cancer therapy can benefit from understanding how these pathways interact and how melatonin affects these pathways.
Novel Honeycomb Nanoclay Frameworks With Hemostatic and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Cambronel Mélyssa , Wongkamhaeng Kan , Blavignac Christelle , Forestier Christiane , Nedelec Jean‐Marie , Denry Isabelle 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTOur laboratory recently developed a new class of high surface area, honeycomb Nanoclay Microsphere Framework absorbents (NMFs) that prompt rapid hemostasis. In the present work, we propose a novel approach to develop antibacterial Topical Hemostatic Agents (THAs) by anchoring silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) onto NMFs. This combination was obtained by a chemical co‐reduction approach, followed by freeze‐processing, and was shown to ensure stability and on‐site delivery of AgNPs, without altering the hemostatic properties of NMFs. Silver‐loaded NMFs showed no change in their unique architecture and led to a 55% increase in clot strength, compared to standard control plasma or commercially available THA, and a significant decrease in mean fibrin fiber diameter. Silver nanoparticles were successfully released when solubilized and prevented the growth of both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus at concentrations of 22 and 30 ppm of silver released, respectively. Overall, cell mortality was between 9.1 ± 5.1% and 6.3 ± 3.2%, depending on AgNP concentration, confirming a low cytotoxicity. Silver‐loaded nanoclay microsphere frameworks appear to constitute promising candidates as topical hemostatic agents for secondary management of hemostasis when infection control is needed.
Photophysical properties of donor (D)–acceptor (A)–donor (D) diketopyrrolopyrrole (A) systems as donors for applications to organic electronic devices
Authors: Rosa Nathália M. P. , Borges Itamar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFourteen substituted diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) molecules in a donor (D)–acceptor (DPP)–donor (D) arrangement were designed. We employed density functional theory, time‐dependent DFT, DFT‐MRCI and the ab initio wave function second‐order algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC(2)) methods to investigate theoretically these systems. The examined aromatic substituents have one, two, or three hetero‐ and non‐hetero rings. We comprehensively investigated their optical, electronic, and charge transport properties to evaluate potential applications in organic electronic devices. We found that the donor substituents based on one, two, or three aromatic rings bonded to the DPP core can improve the efficiency of an organic solar cell by fine‐tuning the highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels to match acceptors in typical bulk heterojunctions acceptors. Several properties of interest for organic photovoltaic devices were computed. We show that the investigated molecules are promising for applications as donor materials when combined with typical acceptors in bulk heterojunctions because they have appreciable energy conversion efficiencies resulting from their low ionization potentials and high electron affinities. This scenario allows a more effective charge separation and reduces the recombination rates. A comprehensive charge transfer analysis shows that D–A (DDP)–D systems have significant intramolecular charge transfer, further confirming their promise as candidates for donor materials in solar cells. The significant photophysical properties of DPP derivatives, including the high fluorescence emission, also allow these materials to be used in organic light‐emitting diodes.
AMPK, a hub for the microenvironmental regulation of bone homeostasis and diseases
Authors: Liu Jin‐Yu , Liu Jie‐Xi , Li Rang , Zhang Zi‐Qi , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Xing Shu‐Juan , Sui Bing‐Dong , Jin Fang , Ma Bo , Zheng Chen‐Xi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), a crucial regulatory kinase, monitors energy levels, conserving ATP and boosting synthesis in low‐nutrition, low‐energy states. Its sensitivity links microenvironmental changes to cellular responses. As the primary support structure and endocrine organ, the maintenance, and repair of bones are closely associated with the microenvironment. While a series of studies have explored the effects of specific microenvironments on bone, there is lack of angles to comprehensively evaluate the interactions between microenvironment and bone cells, especially for bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) which mediate the differentiation of osteogenic lineage. It is noteworthy that accumulating evidence has indicated that AMPK may serve as a hub between BMMSCs and microenvironment factors, thus providing a new perspective for us to understand the biology and pathophysiology of stem cells and bone. In this review, we emphasize AMPK's pivotal role in bone microenvironment modulation via ATP, inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium, and glucose, particularly in BMMSCs. We further explore the use of AMPK‐activating drugs in the context of osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Moreover, building upon the foundation of AMPK, we elucidate a viewpoint that facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic relationship between the microenvironment and bone homeostasis, offering valuable insights for prospective investigations into stem cell biology and the treatment of bone diseases.