bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Swedish breeders can substantially increase the genetic gain for the English Setter's hunting traits
Authors: Arvelius P. , Klemetsdal G. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryIn both Sweden (Swe) and Norway (Nor), the English Setter is used for hunting. Similar field trials are arranged to give breeders information on the dogs' hunting abilities. Our main objective was to study if a joint Swe–Nor genetic evaluation can improve accuracy compared with estimation of breeding values on a national level only. Genetic parameters for six hunting traits were estimated in univariate (within country) and bivariate (across country, of equivalent traits between countries and joint pedigree) analyses utilizing 3620 Swe records from 685 dogs and 94 414 Nor records from 7175 dogs. A mixed linear animal model was used, including fixed effects of sex, type of trial, year, month and interaction between age and class of trial, and random effects of animal, permanent environment, judge and residual. Heritabilities ranged from 0.07 to 0.13 for Swe and from 0.08 to 0.18 for Nor. The accuracies were higher in the bivariate analyses, especially for dogs with Swe trial results with an average increase of 19%. If comparing selection based on a joint genetic evaluation over phenotypic results alone (which is today's method), the potential genetic gain in Swe was almost doubled. Our results suggest that a joint genetic evaluation is especially advantageous for a population with limited information, such as the English Setter population in Swe. However, it should also be beneficial for Norwegian breeders because it makes it easier for them to select Swedish dogs, potentially resulting in faster genetic gain and lowered inbreeding rate.
State‐Level Business Cycles and Local Return Predictability
Authors: KORNIOTIS GEORGE M. , KUMAR ALOK 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThis study examines whether local stock returns vary with local business cycles in a predictable manner. We find that U.S. state portfolios earn higher future returns when state‐level unemployment rates are higher and housing collateral ratios are lower. During the 1978 to 2009 period, geography‐based trading strategies earn annualized risk‐adjusted returns of 5%. This abnormal performance reflects time‐varying systematic risks and local‐trading induced mispricing. Consistent with the mispricing explanation, the evidence of predictability is stronger among firms with low visibility and high local ownership. Nonlocal domestic and foreign investors arbitrage away the predictable patterns in local returns in 1 year.
Do Hostile Takeovers Stifle Innovation? Evidence from Antitakeover Legislation and Corporate Patenting
Authors: ATANASSOV JULIAN 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTI examine how strong corporate governance proxied by the threat of hostile takeovers affects innovation and firm value. I find a significant decline in the number of patents and citations per patent for firms incorporated in states that pass antitakeover laws relative to firms incorporated in states that do not. Most of the impact of antitakeover laws on innovation occurs 2 or more years after they are passed, indicating a causal effect. The negative effect of antitakeover laws is mitigated by the presence of alternative governance mechanisms such as large shareholders, pension fund ownership, leverage, and product market competition.
Value and Momentum Everywhere
Authors: ASNESS CLIFFORD S. , MOSKOWITZ TOBIAS J. , PEDERSEN LASSE HEJE 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTWe find consistent value and momentum return premia across eight diverse markets and asset classes, and a strong common factor structure among their returns. Value and momentum returns correlate more strongly across asset classes than passive exposures to the asset classes, but value and momentum are negatively correlated with each other, both within and across asset classes. Our results indicate the presence of common global risks that we characterize with a three‐factor model. Global funding liquidity risk is a partial source of these patterns, which are identifiable only when examining value and momentum jointly across markets. Our findings present a challenge to existing behavioral, institutional, and rational asset pricing theories that largely focus on U.S. equities.
The Evolution of a Financial Crisis: Collapse of the Asset‐Backed Commercial Paper Market
Authors: COVITZ DANIEL , LIANG NELLIE , SUAREZ GUSTAVO A. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper documents “runs” on asset‐backed commercial paper (ABCP) programs in 2007. We find that one‐third of programs experienced a run within weeks of the onset of the ABCP crisis and that runs, as well as yields and maturities for new issues, were related to program‐level and macro‐financial risks. These findings are consistent with the asymmetric information framework used to explain banking panics, have implications for commercial paper investors’ degree of risk intolerance, and inform empirical predictions of recent papers on dynamic coordination failures.
Decentralized Investment Management: Evidence from the Pension Fund Industry
Authors: BLAKE DAVID , ROSSI ALBERTO G. , TIMMERMANN ALLAN , TONKS IAN , WERMERS RUSS 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTUsing a unique data set, we document two secular trends in the shift from centralized to decentralized pension fund management over the past few decades. First, across asset classes, sponsors replace generalist balanced managers with better‐performing specialists. Second, within asset classes, funds replace single managers with multiple competing managers following diverse strategies to reduce scale diseconomies as funds grow larger relative to capital markets. Consistent with a model of decentralized management, sponsors implement risk controls that trade off higher anticipated alphas of multiple specialists against the increased difficulty in coordinating their risk‐taking and the greater uncertainty concerning their true skills.
Financial Regulation, Financial Globalization, and the Synchronization of Economic Activity
Authors: KALEMLI‐OZCAN SEBNEM , PAPAIOANNOU ELIAS , PEYDRÓ JOSÉ‐LUIS 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTWe analyze the impact of financial globalization on business cycle synchronization using a proprietary database on banks’ international exposure for industrialized countries during 1978 to 2006. Theory makes ambiguous predictions and identification has been elusive due to lack of bilateral time‐varying financial linkages data. In contrast to conventional wisdom and previous empirical studies, we identify a strong negative effect of banking integration on output synchronization, conditional on global shocks and country‐pair heterogeneity. Similarly, we show divergent economic activity due to higher integration using an exogenous de‐jure measure of integration based on financial regulations that harmonized EU markets.
Need for intensive care for neonates born between 29 and 34 weeks inclusive gestation
Authors: Lutz Tracey , Buckmaster Adam , Bowen Jennifer , Kluckow Martin , Wright Ian 
Published: January 2013

AimsTo identify the proportion of preterm infants needing neonatal intensive care (NIC) between 29 and 34 weeks gestation. To identify any associated risk factors.MethodsThis population‐based study identified all babies, born without congenital abnormalities, between 29 and 34 weeks gestation inclusive. A 21‐month period ending September 2009 was used. The need for NIC was defined using specific cardiorespiratory and nutritional criteria. The use of continuous positive airway pressure alone was not included as a need for NIC. Data were extracted from a neonatal clinical database and individual medical records.ResultsComplete data were available from 707 out of 709 eligible infants born in the study period. The percentage of infants requiring cardiorespiratory support varied from 39 to 2.7% at 29 and 34 weeks, respectively. If nutritional criteria were included, this increased to 77% at 29 weeks and 7.2% at 34 weeks. Multivariate analysis determined that gestational age and delivery by Caesarean section increased the need for intensive care (P‐value <0.01). Antenatal steroids, gender, underlying maternal medical conditions, being small for gestational age or twin pregnancy had no statistically significant impact.ConclusionsThis study supports the National Health and Medical Research Council Guidelines of in‐utero transfer at <33 weeks gestation. Gestational age and delivery by Caesarean section remain major indicators for the need for NIC. In special care nurseries that have the capability and expertise to use nasal continuous positive airway pressure, the main indication for NIC is for nutritional support.
Microbiologic and Cytologic Assessment of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid from Dogs with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: 105 Cases (2001–2011)
Authors: Johnson L.R. , Queen E.V. , Vernau W. , Sykes J.E. , Byrne B.A. 
Published: January 2013

BackgroundDocumentation of lower respiratory tract infection has relied on microbiologic and cytologic findings in airway fluid, but there is no gold standard for making a definitive diagnosis.ObjectiveTo report cytologic and microbiologic findings in dogs diagnosed with lower respiratory tract infection through evaluation by bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage.AnimalsA total of 105 dogs with spontaneous respiratory disease.MethodsRetrospective case review of all dogs identified through the electronic medical record database that had bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage performed between 2001 and 2011. Results of bronchoalveolar lavage cytology and microbiology were evaluated in 510 dogs, and 105 cases with septic, suppurative inflammation or bacterial growth from cultures were examined further.ResultsBacteria were isolated from 89/105 aerobic cultures, 18/104 anaerobic cultures, and 30/99Mycoplasmaspp. cultures. The most common isolate wasMycoplasmaspp. followed byPasteurellasp.,Bordetellasp,Enterobacteriaceae, and anaerobes. A single bacterial species was cultured from 44/99 dogs (44%) and multiple bacterial species were isolated from 55/99 dogs (56%). Suppurative inflammation with intracellular bacteria was identified cytologically in 78 of 105 dogs (74%). In 27 dogs that lacked cytologic evidence of sepsis, mixed (n = 18) and neutrophilic (n = 9) inflammation was reported, andMycoplasmaspp. (13/27) orBordetellaspp. (7/27) were most commonly isolated. Most aerobic bacteria were susceptible to routinely used antimicrobial drugs.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceConfirmation of lower respiratory tract infection in dogs is challenging and organisms can be isolated from dogs in which bacteria are not detected on cytologic examination.
Disturbed sleep in Parkinson's disease: anatomical and pathological correlates
Authors: Kalaitzakis M. E. , Gentleman S. M. , Pearce R. K. B. 
Published: January 2013

AimsAbnormal sleep is a common feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) and prodromal disorders of sleep are frequent (e.g. restless legs syndrome and rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder). However, the exact pathological basis of disturbed sleep remains as yet undefined.MethodsTo investigate this further, 32 PD cases were stratified into three groups: (1) PD with disturbed sleep, PD(S); (2) PD with dementia (PDD) and disturbed sleep, PDD(S); and (3) PD without disturbed sleep, PD(nS). The extent of α‐synuclein (αSyn) and Alzheimer disease (AD)‐type pathology [amyloid β peptide (Aβ) and tau] was assessed in 15 regions of the PD brain.ResultsThe results demonstrate a significant association between disturbed sleep in PD and αSyn pathology in specific brainstem [locus coeruleus (P = 0.006) and raphe nuclei (P = 0.02)], hypothalamic [paramammillary nuclei (P = 0.04) and posterior nucleus (P = 0.02)], subcortical/limbic [amygdala (P = 0.03), thalamus (P = 0.01)] and cortical [entorhinal cortex (P = 0.01)] regions. A statistically significant increase of tau pathology was observed in the amygdala (P = 0.03), CA2 sector of the hippocampus (P = 0.01) and entorhinal cortex (P = 0.04) in PD cases with disturbed sleep.ConclusionsPathological changes in these structures, residing in the brain circuitry relating to sleep physiology, strongly predict the presence of sleep disturbances in PD.
Clinical experience and incidence of ventilator‐associated pneumonia using closed versus open suction‐system
Authors: Åkerman Eva , Larsson Catharina , Ersson Anders 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTBackgroundStudies have shown a decreasing ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence after prophylactic interventions bundles. The use of closed suction systems (CSS) has been suggested beneficial as a prophylactic measure.AimTo investigate the effects of a CSS on VAP incidence, suction circuit contamination and adverse events (AEs) compared to an open suction system (OSS) approach in a general mixed intensive care unit (ICU).MethodsAdult patients on mechanical ventilation were consecutively included. Data were collected during four 1‐month periods where CSS and OSS were used on an alternating basis. Airway cultures were obtained at intubation, after 72 h and every Monday. After changing CSS and at extubation, the catheter tip was cultured. AEs and desaturation events during suction were monitored.AnalyseDescriptive analysis and differences between the groups were analysed using comparative methods.ResultsNo differences in airway colonization at admission between the groups were detected (Table 2). The CSS group had a higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) III and also a non‐significant increase in VAP incidence. Positive cultures were obtained in 50% of all the retrieved CSS catheters. There was no inter‐patient contamination in either group. Six AEs versus one (CSS/OSS) related to tube‐occlusion and secretion clogging was seen. Desaturations at suctioning were rare in both groups.ConclusionNo beneficial effects were seen on VAP incidence or inter‐patient contamination compared to OSS. A high frequency of circuit contamination in the CSS group paralleled with experienced secretions clearance problems seem unfavourable and in concordance with previous studies.
Factors influencing admission and outcomes in gastroparesis
Authors: Bielefeldt K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundCurrent data suggest that gastroparesis is associated with an increased mortality, with reported rates ranging from 4% to nearly 40%. Considering this variability, the goal of this study was to determine mortality rates and risk factors for adverse outcomes in gastroparesis.MethodsUsing the diagnosis code for gastroparesis, admission rates, duration of hospitalizations, discharge status, and inpatient mortality were determined for emergency department encounters and admissions compiled in the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Comorbid conditions, procedural evaluations, age cohort, and gender distribution were examined as potential risk factors.Key ResultsMore than 50% of the emergency encounters for gastroparesis resulted in admission with age, cardiovascular, renal, and infectious disorders, but not diabetes mellitus being associated with higher admission rates. Inpatient mortality was 1.2 ± 0.1%, was not negatively affected by diabetes mellitus as comorbidity, and increased with coexisting infections and with more aggressive therapy. Discharge status was similarly affected by comorbidities, treatment complications, and more aggressive therapy.Conclusions & InferencesThese results demonstrate that gastroparesis does not come with a high mortality risk, with most deaths being due to comorbid conditions. Although gastrostomies and/or nutritional support were used in only a minority of admissions, the associated increase in morbidity and mortality highlights the need to carefully select the right candidates for such interventions and to discuss the common occurrence of adverse outcomes with patients.
Esophageal chemical clearance is impaired in gastro‐esophageal reflux disease – a 24‐h impedance‐pH monitoring assessment
Authors: Frazzoni M. , Manta R. , Mirante V. G. , Conigliaro R. , Frazzoni L. , Melotti G. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundImpedance‐pH monitoring allows assessment of retrograde and antegrade intra‐esophageal movement of fluids and gas. Reflux is followed by volume clearance and chemical clearance, elicited by secondary and swallow‐induced peristalsis, respectively. We aimed to assess whether chemical clearance is impaired in gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD).MethodsBlinded retrospective review of impedance‐pH tracings from patients with erosive reflux disease (ERD) and non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD), and from proton pump inhibitor (PPI)‐refractory patients before and after laparoscopic fundoplication. The number of refluxes followed within 30 s by swallow‐induced peristaltic waves was divided by the number of total refluxes to obtain a parameter representing chemical clearance namely the postreflux swallow‐induced peristaltic wave (PSPW) index.Key ResultsThe PSPW index was significantly lower in 31 ERD (15%) and in 44 NERD (33%) off‐PPI patients than in 30 controls (75%), as well as in 18 ERD (16%) and in 48 NERD (31%) on‐PPI patients than in 26 on‐PPI functional heartburn (FH) cases (67%) (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). In 29 PPI‐refractory patients, the median PSPW index was unaltered by otherwise effective antireflux surgery (20% postoperatively, 21% preoperatively). The overall sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive values of the PSPW index in identifying GERD patients were 97%, 89%, 96%, and 93%.Conclusions & InferencesImpairment of chemical clearance is a primary pathophysiological mechanism specific to GERD: it is unaffected by medical/surgical therapy, is not found in FH, and is more pronounced in ERD than in NERD. Using the PSPW index could improve the diagnostic efficacy of impedance‐pH monitoring.
Associations between medication use and functional gastrointestinal disorders: a population‐based study
Authors: Choung R. S. , Locke G. R. , Schleck C. D. , Zinsmeister A. R. , Talley N. J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundFunctional GI syndromes are known to be very prevalent, but this may be linked to unrecognized medications use. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of PPI, antidepressant, and narcotic use in the general population, and to evaluate the association between each medication and functional GI syndromes adjusting for potential confounders.MethodsIn 2008 and 2009, newly revised versions of a validated bowel disease questionnaire were mailed to a community‐based cohort (total mailed = 8006) of Olmsted County, MN residents; 3831 returned the questionnaire (response rate = 48.0%). Medication usage, specifically PPIs, narcotics, and antidepressants in the last year, was elicited via three separate questions on the questionnaire. The association between each medication and GI symptom complexes was assessed using multiple variable logistic regression models.Key ResultsA total of 3515 of the respondents (92%) had complete data (mean age: 61 ± 15; 54% female). The overall proportion reporting PPI use was 20% (95% CI: 19, 22), narcotic use 12% (95% CI: 11, 13), and antidepressant use 15% (95% CI: 14, 16). PPI use was significantly associated with IBS status (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.1, 1.7) as well as with GERD (OR = 3.5, 95% CI 2.7, 4.4) and dyspepsia (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.5, 2.7). The association of PPI use with IBS was not explained by coexistent GERD or dyspepsia. Antidepressant use was significantly associated only with bloating (OR = 1.6, 1.1, 2.2).Conclusions & InferencesSome medications that may alter intestinal transit or bowel flora are commonly utilized by the general population, and PPI use appears to be linked to IBS.
Altered neuronal density and neurotransmitter expression in the ganglionated region of Ednrb null mice: implications for Hirschsprung's disease
Authors: Zaitoun I. , Erickson C. S. , Barlow A. J. , Klein T. R. , Heneghan A. F. , Pierre J. F. , Epstein M. L. , Gosain A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundHirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital condition in which enteric ganglia, formed from neural crest cells (NCC), are absent from the terminal bowel. Dysmotility and constipation are common features of HSCR that persist following surgical intervention. This persistence suggests that the portion of the colon that remains postoperatively is not able to support normal bowel function. To elucidate the defects that underlie this condition, we utilized a murine model of HSCR.MethodsMice with NCC‐specific deletion of Ednrb were used to measure the neuronal density and neurotransmitter expression in ganglia.Key ResultsAt the site located proximal to the aganglionic region of P21 Ednrb null mice, the neuronal density is significantly decreased and the expression of neurotransmitters is altered compared with het animals. The ganglia in this colonic region are smaller and more isolated while the size of neuronal cell bodies is increased. The percentage of neurons expressing neuronal nNOS and VIP is significantly increased in Ednrb nulls. Conversely, the percentage of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) expressing neurons is decreased, while Substance P is unchanged between the two genotypes. These changes are limited to the colon and are not detected in the ileum.Conclusions & InferencesWe demonstrate changes in neuronal density and alterations in the balance of expression of neurotransmitters in the colon proximal to the aganglionic region in Ednrb null mice. The reduced neuronal density and complementary changes in nNOS and ChAT expression may account for the dysmotility seen in HSCR.
Brain white matter microstructure is associated with susceptibility to motion‐induced nausea
Authors: Napadow V. , Sheehan J. , Kim J. , Dassatti A. , Thurler A. H. , Surjanhata B. , Vangel M. , Makris N. , Schaechter J. D. , Kuo B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNausea is associated with significant morbidity, and there is a wide range in the propensity of individuals to experience nausea. The neural basis of the heterogeneity in nausea susceptibility is poorly understood. Our previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study in healthy adults showed that a visual motion stimulus caused activation in the right MT+/V5 area, and that increased sensation of nausea due to this stimulus was associated with increased activation in the right anterior insula. For the current study, we hypothesized that individual differences in visual motion‐induced nausea are due to microstructural differences in the inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (IFOF), the white matter tract connecting the right visual motion processing area (MT+/V5) and right anterior insula. To test this hypothesis, we acquired diffusion tensor imaging data from 30 healthy adults who were subsequently dichotomized into high and low nausea susceptibility groups based on the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Scale. We quantified diffusion along the IFOF for each subject based on axial diffusivity (AD); radial diffusivity (RD), mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA), and evaluated between‐group differences in these diffusion metrics. Subjects with high susceptibility to nausea rated significantly (P < 0.001) higher nausea intensity to visual motion stimuli and had significantly (P < 0.05) lower AD and MD along the right IFOF compared to subjects with low susceptibility to nausea. This result suggests that differences in white matter microstructure within tracts connecting visual motion and nausea‐processing brain areas may contribute to nausea susceptibility or may have resulted from an increased history of nausea episodes.