bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Nano‐Aluminum/Nitrocellulose Mesoparticles in Composite Solid Rocket Propellants
Authors: Young Gregory , Wang Haiyang , Zachariah Michael R. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this work we investigate the potential application of nano‐aluminum/nitrocellulose mesoparticles as an ingredient for solid composite rocket propellants. The basic strategy is to incorporate nanoaluminum in the form of a micrometer scale particle containing a gas‐generator, to enable easier processing, and potential benefits resulting from reduced sintering prior to combustion. The mesoparticles were made by electrospray and comprised aluminum nanoparticles (50 nm) and nitrocellulose to form micrometer scale particles. In this study, 80 % solids loaded composite propellants (AP/HTPB based) were made with the addition of micrometer sized (2–3 μm) aluminum (10 wt‐%), and compared directly to propellants made by directly substituting aluminum mesoparticles for traditional micrometer sized particles. Propellant burning rate was relatively insensitive for mesoparticles containing between 5–15 wt‐% nitrocellulose. However, direct comparison between a mesoparticle based propellant, to a propellant containing micrometer scale aluminum particles showed burning rates approximately 35 % higher while having a nearly identical burning rate exponent. High speed imaging indicate that propellants using mesoparticles have less agglomeration of particles on the propellant surface.
Does experience help or hinder top managers? Working with different types of resources in Hollywood
Authors: Mannor Michael J. , Shamsie Jamal , Conlon Donald E. 
Published: April 2015

Research summary: Research on the resource‐based view has begun to place more emphasis on the ability of managers to extract better performance from the resources that are available to them. In this paper, we show that prior experience can both help and hinder their ability to generate performance from various categories of resources. Further, we argue that the fungibility of each resource influences the opportunities managers have to use their experiences in order to find the best method to deploy them. We test our hypotheses by examining the ability of Hollywood film producers to generate results from financial, brand, and human resources. Our findings show that experienced producers can generate better performance from more fungible resources, but they actually achieve weaker results with less fungible resources.Managerial summary: Do more experienced top managers get better results from their resources? We examine this question for Hollywood film producers. Our results show that experience can really help when producers work with resources such as cash (budgets) and brand resources (such as film sequels). However, such experiences actually reduce performance when they work with some human resources, such as highly talented directors. We argue that experience can be most helpful when managers work with more fungible resources, which can be used in a variety of different ways but can actually hurt when they work with resources that are more constrained in how they can be deployed. Under ideal circumstances, we find that experienced producers can generate nearly 40 percent more revenue with the right mix of resources. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pediatric First Aid Practices in Ghana: A Population‐Based Survey
Authors: Gyedu Adam , Mock Charles , Nakua Emmanuel , Otupiri Easmon , Donkor Peter , Ebel Beth E. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIntroduction
Children in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) often receive care outside the formal medical sector. Improving pre‐hospital first aid has proven to be highly cost‐effective in lowering trauma mortality. Few studies in LMIC have examined home first aid practices for injured children.MethodsWe conducted a representative population‐based survey of 200 caregivers of children under 18 years of age, representing 6520 households. Caregivers were interviewed about their first aid practices and care‐seeking behaviors when a child sustained an injury at home. Injuries of interest included burns, lacerations, fractures and choking. Reported practices were characterized as recommended, low‐risk, and potentially harmful.ResultsFor common injuries, 75–96 % of caregivers reported employing a recommended practice (e.g., running cool water over a burn injury). However, for these same injuries, 13–61 % of caregivers also identified potentially harmful management strategies (e.g., applying sand to a laceration). Choking had the highest proportion (96 %) of recommended first aid practice: (e.g., hitting the child’s back) and the lowest percent (13 %) of potentially harmful practices (e.g., attempting manual removal). Fractures had the lowest percent (75 %) of recommended practices (e.g., immediately bringing the child to a health facility). Burns had the highest percent (61 %) of potentially harmful practices (e.g., applying kerosene).ConclusionsWhile most caregivers were aware of helpful first aid practices to administer for a child injury, many parents also described potentially harmful practices or delays in seeking medical attention. As parents are the de facto first responders to childhood injury, there are opportunities to strengthen pre‐hospital care for children in LMICs.
Clinicopathological Meaning of Size of Main‐Duct Dilatation in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of Pancreas: Proposal of a Simplified Morphological Classification Based on the Investigation on the Size of Main Pancreatic Duct
Authors: Kang Mee Joo , Jang Jin‐Young , Lee Selyeong , Park Taesung , Lee Seung Yeoun , Kim Sun‐Whe 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe 2012 consensus guideline on intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas (IPMN) described a three‐stage criteria involving main pancreatic duct (MPD) size with definitions of malignancy relevant for treatment decisions. Re‐evaluation and simplification of this classification for clinicians are warranted.MethodsData from the Seoul National University Hospital of 375 consecutive patients with pathology‐confirmed IPMN after surgery were analyzed. The association between clinicopathologic characteristics of IPMN and MPD size was assessed. The cut‐off value of MPD size for a current definition of malignancy prediction was calculated.ResultsDiagnostic accuracy for malignancy was highest when the cut‐off value of MPD size was 7 mm (area under the curve = 0.7126). Dichotomizing IPMN into MPD ≤7 mm versus MPD >7 mm, patient age (p = 0.039), sex (p = 0.001), presence of mural nodule (p < 0.001), and invasiveness risk (13.2 vs. 39.8 %, p < 0.001) resulted in significantly different results. Mural nodule‐negative patients with MPD >7 mm had a significantly lower 5‐year survival rate than those with MPD ≤7 mm (78.4 vs. 91.4 %, p = 0.006). Among patients with MPD size ≤7 mm, elevated serum CA 19‐9 and mural nodule were independent risk factors of malignancy. Patients with MPD size ≤7 mm without these risk factors had malignancy risk of 2.6 %.ConclusionUsing the definition of malignancy provided in the 2012 guideline, the MPD size >7 mm criterion was statistically driven. The current morphologic classification of IPMN can be simplified as branch‐duct‐predominant IPMN (MPD ≤7 mm)’ and main‐duct‐predominant IPMN (MPD >7 mm). Patients who are determined to have main‐duct‐predominant IPMN and branch‐duct‐predominant IPMN with elevated serum CA 19‐9 or mural nodule are recommended to undergo surgical treatment.
Complex species distribution models of Goldcrests and Firecrests densities in Poland: are remote sensing‐based predictors sufficient?
Authors: Kosicki Jakub Z. , Stachura Krystyna , Ostrowska Marta , Rybska Eliza 
Published: April 2015

AbstractSpecies distribution models should identify ecological requirements of species and predict their spatial density. However, data from remote sensing sources are often used alone as predictors in modelling distributions. Such data will only produce accurate models if features that are distinguishable by remote sensing are a good match to the environmental traits that delineate habitat requirements. Both the GoldcrestRegulus regulusand the FirecrestRegulus ignicapillarespond to complex features of habitats that are not described by simple remote sensing data. We tested the usefulness of remote sensing data as a predictor for two Regulus species according to data from 970 study plots sized 1 × 1 km. Predictors were aggregated using the PCAs and related to the Hayne estimator of species density using GAMs. The models based on both remote sensing data and detailed environmental data proved to be better than the model based only on remote sensing data and/or detailed forest structure data. The Goldcrest reached the highest density in areas with a high share of old spruce‐dominated forests with a substantial share of the fir, avoiding the pine, and it preferred forests with a low number of tree species. In turn, the Firecrest favoured old forests, dominated by the spruce and the beech, with an admixture of single old fir and larch trees, avoiding the pine, and preferring forests with a high number of tree species. We suggest using not only free data sources, but also more detailed data containing thorough information on forest inventory derived from ground measurements.
Norovirus Outbreaks Among Colorado River Rafters in the Grand Canyon, Summer 2012
Authors: Magill-Collins Anne , Gaither Marlene , Gerba Charles P. , Kitajima Masaaki , Iker Brandon C. , Stoehr James D. 
Published: April 2015

Objective To investigate the incidence and causative agent of the recurrent outbreaks of acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI) among different rafting groups on the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon National Park during the 2012 summer season. Methods Confidential illness reports were completed by all individuals with symptoms of AGI, and samples of fecal matter and vomitus, surface swabs of rafting equipment, and environmental swabs at stops along the hiking corridor were collected and tested for the presence of norovirus using reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Results During the active outbreak period between May 9 and July 9, 2012, 97 rafters (1.4%) from 10 trips (2.9% of all trips) declared AGI symptoms. AGI incidence within the 10 infected trips varied from 6% to 88%. Outbreaks occurred in 3 distinct temporal clusters that involved 2 different genogroups of norovirus. All available toilet fecal samples (5 samples) were positive for norovirus RNA: 1 with genogroup I (GI) and 4 with GII. The vomitus sample tested positive for GI. None of the fomite samples from rafting equipment or from the hiking corridors were confirmed for norovirus. Conclusions The results suggest that norovirus may have been introduced by ill or asymptomatic individuals actively shedding the virus in their vomitus or feces, and spread within, or between, river trips by different modes of transmission. This study reinforces the importance of appropriate guidance and practice regarding norovirus prevention and the necessity of postoutbreak containment in relatively isolated groups of individuals.
Long-term high fat feeding of rats results in increased numbers of circulating microvesicles with pro-inflammatory effects on endothelial cells
Authors: Heinrich L. F. , Andersen D. K. , Cleasby M. E. , Lawson C. 
Published: April 2015

Obesity and type 2 diabetes lead to dramatically increased risks of atherosclerosis and CHD. Multiple mechanisms converge to promote atherosclerosis by increasing endothelial oxidative stress and up-regulating expression of pro-inflammatory molecules. Microvesicles (MV) are small ( < 1 μm) circulating particles that transport proteins and genetic material, through which they are able to mediate cell–cell communication and influence gene expression. Since MV are increased in plasma of obese, insulin-resistant and diabetic individuals, who often exhibit chronic vascular inflammation, and long-term feeding of a high-fat diet (HFD) to rats is a well-described model of obesity and insulin resistance, we hypothesised that this may be a useful model to study the impact of MV on endothelial inflammation. The number and cellular origin of MV from HFD-fed obese rats were characterised by flow cytometry. Total MV were significantly increased after feeding HFD compared to feeding chow (P< 0·001), with significantly elevated numbers of MV derived from leucocyte, endothelial and platelet compartments (P< 0·01 for each cell type). MV were isolated from plasma and their ability to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 expression was measured in primary rat cardiac endothelial cellsin vitro.MV from HFD-fed rats induced significant ROS (P< 0·001) and VCAM-1 expression (P= 0·0275), indicative of a pro-inflammatory MV phenotype in this model of obesity. These findings confirm that this is a useful model to further study the mechanisms by which diet can influence MV release and subsequent effects on cardio-metabolic health.
The Political Perfection of Original Judaism: Pedagogical Governance and Ecclesiastical Power in Mendelssohn'sJerusalem
Authors: Pollock Benjamin 
Published: April 2015

Moses Mendelssohn famously penned hisJerusalem; or, On Religious Power and Judaismin response to a public challenge. Mendelssohn had declared “ecclesiastical power” to be a contradiction in terms, and had thus come out strongly against the use of coercion in religious life, and against the ban of excommunication by rabbinic authorities, in particular. In the anonymously publishedThe Search for Light and Right, August Cranz defies Mendelssohn to explain how he could reconcile this liberal view of religion with his continued commitment to—and his insistence that Jews were still obligated to observe—Jewish law. “As reasonable as all you say [about religious power] may be, to just that degree it contradicts the faith of your fathers . . . and the principles of its church . . . expressly set down in the books of Moses,” Cranz argues. “The theocratic ruling staff drove the whole people . . . with force and punishment.” True, Cranz concedes, exile reduced the capacity of Jewish authorities to enforce Jewish law, “but these ecclesiastical laws are there even if their exercise is no longer a must.” Cranz challenges Mendelssohn to explain his apparently irreconcilable commitments: “How can you persist in the faith of your fathers and shake the whole structure by clearing away its cornerstones, dear Mr. Mendelssohn, when you contest the ecclesiastical law given as divine revelation through Moses?”
Estimating nutrient requirements for winter oilseed rape based on QUEFTS analysis
Authors: REN T. , ZOU J. , WANG Y. , LI X. K. , CONG R. H. , LU J. W. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYEstimating crop nutrient requirements for winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is a crucial step in optimizing fertilization to enhance seed yield and improve fertilizer use efficiency. In the present paper, a database composed of 1035 on-farm observations collected from 2005 to 2010 across the major winter oilseed rape production regions in China was used to evaluate internal nutrient efficiencies (kg seed per kg nutrient in plant dry matter); then the Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils (QUEFTS) model for winter oilseed rape was developed to describe the nutrient uptake-yield relationship of oilseed rape over a wide range of environmental conditions and predict the nutrient requirements for a target yield. After excluding observations with low harvest index values, <0·20, and excluding 0·025 of the highest and lowest internal nutrient efficiencies, the minimum and maximum internal nutrient efficiencies were estimated as 13·1 and 31·6 kg seed/kg nitrogen (N), 68·9 and 200·3 kg seed/kg phosphorus (P) and 8·9 and 31·1 kg seed/kg potassium (K), respectively. On the basis of the data settings, the balanced N, P and K uptake at different yield potential levels was calculated using a linear–parabolic–plateau curve with the QUEFTS model. Crop nutrient requirements increased linearly until the yield reached approximately 0·60–0·70 of the potential yield, and 46·0 kg N, 8·0 kg P and 57·1 kg K were found to be needed to produce 1000 kg of seed. The corresponding internal nutrient efficiencies were 21·8, 125·1 and 17·5 kg seed/kg N, P and K, respectively. However, when the target yields approached the yield potential, a decrease in internal nutrient efficiencies was detected in the model. The predicted nutrient requirement values simulated by the QUEFTS model compared well with observed values across a range of conditions. To conclude, the QUEFTS model was shown to be a practical and robust tool for assessing the crop nutrient requirements of winter oilseed rape.
First comparative insight into the architecture ofCOImitochondrial minicircle molecules of dicyemids reveals marked inter-species variation
Authors: CATALANO SARAH R. , WHITTINGTON IAN D. , DONNELLAN STEPHEN C. , BERTOZZI TERRY , GILLANDERS BRONWYN M. 
Published: April 2015

SUMMARYDicyemids, poorly known parasites of benthic cephalopods, are one of the few phyla in which mitochondrial (mt) genome architecture departs from the typical ~16 kb circular metazoan genome. In addition to a putative circular genome, a series of mt minicircles that each comprises the mt encoded units (I–III) of the cytochromecoxidase complex have been reported. Whether the structure of the mt minicircles is a consistent feature among dicyemid species is unknown. Here we analyse the complete cytochromecoxidase subunit I (COI) minicircle molecule, containing theCOIgene and an associated non-coding region (NCR), for ten dicyemid species, allowing for first time comparisons between species of minicircle architecture, NCR function and inferences of minicircle replication. Divergence inCOInucleotide sequences between dicyemid species was high (average net divergence = 31·6%) while within species diversity was lower (average net divergence = 0·2%). The NCR and putative 5′ section of theCOIgene were highly divergent between dicyemid species (average net nucleotide divergence of putative 5′COIsection = 61·1%). No tRNA genes were found in the NCR, although palindrome sequences with the potential to form stem-loop structures were identified in some species, which may play a role in transcription or other biological processes.
Rhythmic paradigms in theCantigas de Santa Maria:French versus Arabic precedent
Authors: FERREIRA MANUEL PEDRO 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThis article argues that the rhythmic meaning of the notation in theCantigas de Santa Mariacan be only understood by confronting it with different theoretical paradigms. Julián Ribera in 1922 defended an Arabic paradigm, to the exclusion of any other, but his access to Arabic historical writings was severely limited. Higinio Anglés in 1943 and most modern musicologists have since adopted French mensural theory, but recognised that it does not fit many songs. The author has demonstrated elsewhere that songs that do not fit the French paradigm often fit the Arabic one. The applicability of both paradigms, including their superimposition, is systematically compared here. After comparison of general concepts (ordoand period), of even-time composition (modes V–VI or conjunctive rhythm), of long–short opposition in ternary time (modes I–II orRamal) and more complex patterns, the author provisionally concludes that very few patterns point unequivocally to French models, while in most cases (first and second mode and potential forms of the third mode) both French and Arabic paradigms could apply. In many other cases, encompassing both binary and ternary metre, the Arabic rhythmic paradigm is clearly either more fitting than the Parisian one, or the only one to apply.
Mensural and polyphonic music of the fourteenth century and a new
source for the Credo of Tournai in a gradual of the Basilica di Santa Maria
Maggiore in Rome
Authors: TANGARI NICOLA 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAn early fourteenth-century gradual produced for use in Avignon and today
preserved in Rome at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore is a new source for
understanding the musical and liturgical exchange between France and Italy in
the fourteenth century. The present article will consider compositions written
after the main body of the gradual, and found now in the initial fascicle and on
the last three folios of the manuscript. These folios contain a hitherto unknown
source for the Credo of Tournai as well as other works not recorded elsewhere;
for example, a polyphonic Gloria, a polyphonic Credo, a troped Sanctus and a
Credo in cantus fractus.
Con lagreme bagnandome el viso: mourning and music in late medieval Padua
Authors: STOESSEL JASON 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTIn the years before his death, Johannes Ciconia (1370?–1412) set to music several poems penned by the young Venetian humanist Leonardo Giustinian. One of the earliest of these settings isCon lagreme bagnandome el viso. This article proposes that both the poem and its setting by Ciconia operate within the emotional community of early humanists active at Padua in the decades around the year 1400. The public funeral oratory of one of the high-profile humanists active in this community in Padua, Pier Paolo Vergerio, reveals a renewed interest in ancient rhetoric that was instrumental in the development of new modes of self-expression within this emotional community. Different types of musical repetition in Ciconia's setting ofCon lagremeserve as musical analogues to rhetorical figures of pathos witnessed in the orations of Vergerio.
CO-graph: A new graph-based technique for cross-lingual word sense disambiguation
Authors: DUQUE ANDRES , ARAUJO LOURDES , MARTINEZ-ROMO JUAN 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we present a new method based on co-occurrence graphs for performing Cross-Lingual Word Sense Disambiguation (CLWSD). The proposed approach comprises the automatic generation of bilingual dictionaries, and a new technique for the construction of a co-occurrence graph used to select the most suitable translations from the dictionary. Different algorithms that combine both the dictionary and the co-occurrence graph are then used for performing this selection of the final translations: techniques based on sub-graphs (communities) containing clusters of words with related meanings, based on distances between nodes representing words, and based on the relative importance of each node in the whole graph. The initial output of the system is enhanced with translation probabilities, provided by a statistical bilingual dictionary. The system is evaluated using datasets from two competitions: task 3 of SemEval 2010, and task 10 of SemEval 2013. Results obtained by the different disambiguation techniques are analysed and compared to those obtained by the systems participating in the competitions. Our system offers the best results in comparison with other unsupervised systems in most of the experiments, and even overcomes supervised systems in some cases.