bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observed bottom boundary layer transport and uplift on the continental shelf adjacent to a western boundary current
Authors: Schaeffer A. , Roughan M. , Wood J. E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWestern boundary currents strongly influence the dynamics on the adjacent continental shelf and in particular the cross‐shelf transport and uplift through the bottom boundary layer. Four years of moored in situ observations on the narrow southeastern Australian shelf (in water depths of between 65 and 140 m) were used to investigate bottom cross‐shelf transport, both upstream (30°S) and downstream (34°S) of the separation zone of the East Australian Current (EAC). Bottom transport was estimated and assessed against Ekman theory, showing consistent results for a number of different formulations of the boundary layer thickness. Net bottom cross‐shelf transport was onshore at all locations. Ekman theory indicates that up to 64% of the transport variability is driven by the along‐shelf bottom stress. Onshore transport in the bottom boundary layer was more intense and frequent upstream than downstream, occurring 64% of the time at 30°S. Wind‐driven surface Ekman transport estimates did not balance the bottom cross‐shelf flow. At both locations, strong variability was found in bottom water transport at periods of approximately 90–100 days. This corresponds with periodicity in EAC fluctuations and eddy shedding as evidenced from altimeter observations, highlighting the EAC as a driver of variability in the continental shelf waters. Ocean glider and HF radar observations were used to identify the bio‐physical response to an EAC encroachment event, resulting in a strong onshore bottom flow, the uplift of cold slope water, and elevated coastal chlorophyll concentrations.
Lemierre syndrome involving external jugular vein
Authors: Hagiya Hideharu , Haruki Yuto , Otsuka Fumio 
Published: July 2014

CaseA 74‐year‐old woman with a week‐long history of cold symptoms was diagnosed with Lemierre syndrome that involved her left external jugular vein.OutcomeThe patient was successfully treated with 4 weeks of antibiotics and anticoagulant treatment. Typical cases of Lemierre syndrome involve only the internal jugular vein. The external jugular vein is anatomically distant from the pharyngolaryngeal space and usually does not receive blood or lymphatic flow from there. Thus, Lemierre syndrome ordinarily does not involve the external jugular vein and clinical characteristics of external jugular vein‐involving Lemierre syndrome have not been uncovered, mainly due to its rarity. Based on our review, it would not much differ from those of typical cases.ConclusionConsidering the potential severity and mortality, more attention should be paid to this potentially fatal disease that may demonstrate atypical manifestation, as shown in this case. Accumulation of cases would be needed for further understanding.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Transformations of Terminal Alkynes to Ketenes By Using Tethered Sulfoxides: Access to β‐Lactams and Cyclobutanones
Authors: Wang Youliang , Zheng Zhitong , Zhang Liming 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe oxidation of in situ generated Ru vinylidenes to ketenes is realized with tethered sulfoxides. The result is a Ru‐catalyzed oxidative transformation of terminal alkynes to highly valuable ketenes. Moreover, the ketenes generated here were shown to undergo characteristic ketene [2+2] cycloaddition reactions with tethered alkenes and external imines, yielding synthetically versatile bicyclic cyclobutanones and β‐lactams, respectively.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Highly Substituted β‐Lactones through Oxidative Carbene Catalysis with LiCl as Cooperative Lewis Acid
Authors: Bera Srikrishna , Samanta Ramesh C. , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe reaction of enals with β‐diketones, β‐ketoesters, and malonates bearing a β‐oxyalkyl substituent at the α‐position by oxidative NHC catalysis to provide highly substituted β‐lactones is described. Reactions occur with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity. The organo cascade comprises two CC bond formations and one CO bond formation. Up to four contiguous stereogenic centers including two fully substituted stereocenters are formed in the cascade.
Validated spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of brimonidine tartrate in ophthalmic solutions via derivatization with NBD‐Cl. Application to stability study
Authors: Ibrahim F. , El‐Enany N. , El‐Shaheny R. N. , Mikhail I. E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTwo simple, selective and accurate methods were developed and validated for the determination of brimonidine tartrate (BT) in pure state and pharmaceutical formulations. Both methods are based on the coupling of the drug with 4‐chloro‐7‐nitro‐2,1,3‐benzoxadiazole in borate buffer (pH 8.5) at 70 °C and measurement of the reaction product spectrophotometrically at 407 nm (method I) or spectrofluorimetrically at 528 nm upon excitation at 460 nm (method II). The calibration graphs were rectilinear over the concentration ranges of 1.0–16.0 and 0.1–4.0 µg/mL with lower detection limits of 0.21 and 0.03, and lower quantification limits of 0.65 and 0.09 µg/mL for methods I and II, respectively. Both methods were successfully applied to the analysis of commercial ophthalmic solution with mean recovery of 99.50 ± 1.00 and 100.13 ± 0.71%, respectively. Statistical analysis of the results obtained by the proposed methods revealed good agreement with those obtained using a comparison method. The proposed spectrofluorimetric method was extended to a stability study of BT under different ICH‐outlined conditions such as alkaline, acidic, oxidative and photolytic degradation. Furthermore, the kinetics of oxidative degradation of the drug was investigated and the apparent first‐order reaction rate constants, half‐life times and Arrhenius equation were estimated. The proposed methods are practical and valuable for routine applications in quality control laboratories for the analysis of BT. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a sensitive LC‐MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of eleven constituents in rat serum and its application to a pharmacokinetic study of a Chinese medicine Shengmai injection
Authors: Zhan Shuyu , Shao Qing , Fan Xiaohui , Li Zheng 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA sensitive LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification of 11 constituents, ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Rd, Rc, ophiopogonin D, schisandrin, schisandrol B and schizandrin B, in rat serum using digoxin as the internal standard (IS). The serum samples were pretreated and extracted with a two‐step liquid–liquid extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a C18 analytical column with a proper gradient elution using 0.02% acetic acid aqueous solution and 0.02% acetic acid–acetonitrile as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. MS detection was performed using multiple reaction monitoring via an electrospray ionization source. Good linearity was observed in the validated concentration range for every analyte (r2 ≥0.9929), and the lower limits of quantitation of the analytes were in the range of 0.044–1.190 ng/mL in rat serum. Intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were <14.2%. The accuracy expressed as recovery was within the range of 85.1–112.8%. The extraction recoveries were >75.8%.The validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of all analytes in rats after single intravenous administration of Shengmai injection. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Porous Anionic Indium–Organic Framework with Enhanced Gas and Vapor Adsorption and Separation Ability
Authors: Huang Yuanbiao , Lin Zujin , Fu Hongru , Wang Fei , Shen Min , Wang Xusheng , Cao Rong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA three‐dimensional microporous anionic metal–organic framework (MOF) (Et4N)3[In3(TATB)4] (FJI‐C1, H3TATB=4,4′,4′′‐s‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyltribenzoic acid) with large unit cell volume has been synthesized. Assisted by the organic cation group Et4N in the pores of the compound, FJI‐C1 not only shows high adsorption uptakes of C2 and C3 hydrocarbons, but also exhibits highly selective separation of propane, acetylene, ethane, and ethylene from methane at room temperature. Furthermore, it also exhibits high separation selectivity for propane over C2 hydrocarbons and acetylene can be readily separated from their C2 hydrocarbons mixtures at low pressure due to the high selectivity for C2H2 in comparison to C2H4 and C2H6. In addition, FJI‐C1 with hydrophilic internal pores surfaces shows highly efficient adsorption separation of polar molecules from nonpolar molecules. Notably, it exhibits high separation selectivity for benzene over cyclohexane due to the π–π interactions between benzene molecules and s‐triazine rings of the porous MOF.
A Concise Synthesis of Mupirocin H Using a Cross‐Metathesis‐Based Strategy
Authors: Sengupta Sandip , Sim Taebo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA highly efficient (10.1 % overall yield) and convergent (longest linear sequence of 16 steps) synthesis of mupirocin H has been achieved, starting from commercially available (+)‐(R)‐Roche ester. The route relies on an efficient Grubbs cross‐metathesis reaction to generate a key, late‐stage E‐olefin intermediate, and a cobalt‐catalysed diastereoselective Reformatsky reaction to produce a β‐hydroxy ester that serves as a late‐stage intermediate.
Beryllium‐Based, High‐Triplet‐Energy Material as a Host for Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Oh Chan Seok , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: July 2014

AbstractA beryllium‐based compound, bis[2‐(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridin‐3‐olate] beryllium (DmPPBe), was designed and synthesized as a high‐triplet‐energy host material for blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes. The DmPPBe host showed a high triplet energy of 2.75 eV due to the high‐triplet‐energy 2‐(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridin‐3‐ol ligand. The DmPPBe host was effective as the host material for blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes and a high quantum efficiency of 17.7 % was achieved.
Lateral Incisional Hernia After Renal Transplantation: A Comparative Study
Authors: Luc Guillaume , David Anaëlle , Couzi Lionel , Midy Dominique , Collet Denis , Dubuisson Vincent 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground
Because of the lack of published data and the relative rarity of lateral incisional hernias (LIHs), especially after renal transplantation, mesh repair of LIH remains a challenge for surgeons. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes of LIH treated by mesh repair after renal transplantation.Methods
All consecutive patients who had undergone LIH mesh repair after renal transplantation were compared with patients who had undergone LIH mesh repair without renal transplantation. Demographic data, incisional hernia characteristics, operative data, and postoperative outcomes were prospectively recorded. Early complications and recurrence rates were evaluated.ResultsAltogether, 112 patients were treated for LIH with mesh repair. Among these patients, 61 (54.4 %) underwent LIH after renal transplantation. The early complications were similar for the patients with and without renal transplantation (24.5 vs. 23.5 %, respectively; p = 0.896). The recurrence rates also were similar for the patients with and without renal transplantation (9.8 vs. 9.8 %, respectively; p = 1).ConclusionsMesh graft repair is feasible in patients with LIH after renal transplantation. Postoperative complications and recurrences were not more frequent in renal transplantation patients than in those without renal transplantation.
Food and feed supply and waste disposal in the industrialising city of Vienna (1830–1913): a special focus on urban nitrogen flows
Authors: Gierlinger Sylvia 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Taking an urban metabolism perspective, this article investigates food and feed consumption as well as flows of nitrogen in the city of Vienna during the industrial transformation. It addresses the question of the amount of agricultural products consumed in the city and their nitrogen content, their origin and their fate after consumption. Changes in dietary nitrogen flows in nineteenth century Vienna are embedded in the context of a socio-ecological transition from an agrarian to an industrial socio-metabolic regime. Similarities and differences in the size and dynamics of urban nitrogen flows in Vienna and Paris are discussed. Critical reading of historical sources and historical material flow accounting are the methodological backbone of this study. Between 1830 and 1913, inflows of dietary nitrogen into the city increased fivefold. Throughout the time period under observation, the urban waterscape was the most important sink for human and animal excreta. The amount of nitrogen disposed of in the urban waterscape via urban excreta increased sevenfold. The average daily consumption of nitrogen per capita was very similar to that in Paris, but the composition of foodstuff differed. In Vienna, the share of meat in food consumption was considerably higher. Both cities had to face the challenge of increasing output flows. However, urban authorities in Vienna and Paris came to different solutions of how to deal with this challenge. Besides institutional settings, the specific geomorphology of the cities as well as biogeographic factors such as the absorption capacity of the Danube in Vienna and the Seine in Paris mattered.
Systematic review and meta‐analysis to estimate the birth prevalence of five inherited metabolic diseases
Authors: Moorthie Sowmiya , Cameron Louise , Sagoo Gurdeep S. , Bonham Jim R. , Burton Hilary 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMany newborn screening programmes now use tandem mass spectrometry in order to screen for a variety of diseases. However, countries have embraced this technology with a differing pace of change and for different conditions. This has been facilitated by the ability of this diagnostic method to limit analysis to specific metabolites of interest, enabling targeted screening for particular conditions. MS/MS was introduced in 2009 in England to implement newborn bloodspot screening for medium chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) raising the possibility of screening for other inherited metabolic disorders. Recently, a pilot screening programme was conducted in order to evaluate the health and economic consequences of screening for five additional inherited metabolic disorders in England. As part of this study we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to estimate the birth prevalence of these conditions: maple syrup urine disease, homocystinuria (pyridoxine unresponsive), glutaric aciduria type I, isovaleric acidaemia and long‐chain 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency including trifunctional protein deficiency. We identified a total of 99 studies that were able to provide information on the prevalence of one or more of the disorders. The vast majority of studies were of screening programmes with some reporting on clinically detected cases.
The composition of INFL
Authors: Ritter Elizabeth , Wiltschko Martina 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe central goal of this article is to argue that functional categories are universally associated with a core function but that their substantive content is subject to variation. We review evidence from Ritter and Wiltschko (2009) based on language variation: INFL may be associated with temporal, spatial, or participant marking. This paper explores the properties of the universal category INFL in clauses where it remains without substantive content. We show that languages pattern in similar ways in these contexts. That is, in the absence of variable substantive content, the universal formal properties of INFL emerge.
Outpatient Surgery as a Means of Cost Reduction in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Aynardi Michael , Post Zachary , Ong Alvin , Orozco Fabio , Sukin Dean C. 
Published: July 2014

Background The current healthcare market coupled with expedited recovery and improvements in analgesia have led to the development of total hip arthroplasty being performed as an outpatient procedure in selected patients. Questions/Purposes The purpose of this study is to compare outcomes and cost-effectiveness of traditional inpatient THA with outpatient hip replacement at the same facility. Patients and Methods This observational, case-control study was conducted from 2008 to 2011. One hundred nineteen patients underwent outpatient THA through a direct anterior approach. These cases were all performed by a single surgeon. Outpatient cases were then compared to inpatient hospital controls performed by the same surgeon at the inpatient hospital facility. Results Complications, length of stay, demographic data, and overall costs were compared between groups. There was no difference in complications or estimated blood loss between groups. Most notably, the average overall cost in the outpatient setting was significantly lower than inpatient, $24,529 versus $31,327 ( p = 0.0001). Conclusions This study demonstrates that appropriately selected patients can undergo THA in an outpatient setting with no increase in complications and at a substantial savings to the healthcare system.
Selective hypertrophy of the lobus caudatus as a novel approach enabling extended right hepatectomy in the presence of a non-perfused left lateral liver lobe
Authors: Atanasov Georgi , Schmelzle Moritz , Thelen Armin , Wiltberger Georg , Hau Hans-Michael , Krenzien Felix , Petersen Tim-Ole , Moche Michael , Jonas Sven 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

Introduction
Portal vein embolization (PVE) is a well-established technique to enhance functional hepatic reserves of segments II and III before curative extended right hepatectomy for tumors of the right liver lobe. However, an adequate hepatopetal flow of the left lateral portal vein branches is required for a sufficient PVE-associated hypertrophy.

Case report
Here, we report a 65-year old patient suffering from a locally advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma in the right liver lobe and segment IV. A curative extended right hepatectomy after preoperative PVE of liver segments IV–VIII was initially impossible because of partial thrombosis of the left lateral portal vein branches resulting in an ischemic-type atrophy of segments II and III. However, due to a massive hypertrophy of the caudate lobe following PVE of liver segments IV–VIII, subsequent extended right hepatectomy with intraoperative thrombectomy of segments II and III was made possible.

Conclusions
To our knowledge this is the first case in which an extended right hepatectomy for a liver malignancy, in the presence of atrophic left lateral section, was made possible by a massive PVE-associated hypertrophy of the caudate lobe.
Coeval Felsic and Mafic Magmas in Neoarchean Calc-alkaline Magmatic Arcs, Dharwar Craton, Southern India: Field and Petrographic Evidence from Mafic to Hybrid Magmatic Enclaves and Synplutonic Mafic Dykes
Authors: Jayananda M. , Gireesh R. V. , Sekhamo Kowete-U , Miyazaki T. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We present field and petrographic data on Mafic Magmatic Enclaves (MME), hybrid enclaves and synplutonic mafic dykes in the calc-alkaline granitoid plutons from the Dharwar craton to characterize coeval felsic and mafic magmas including interaction of mafic and felsic magmas. The composite host granitoids comprise of voluminous juvenile intrusive facies and minor anatectic facies. MME, hybrid enclaves and synplutonic mafic dykes are common but more abundant along the marginal zone of individual plutons. Circular to ellipsoidal MME are fine to medium grained with occasional chilled margins and frequently contain small alkali feldspar xenocrysts incorporated from host. Hybrid magmatic enclaves are intermediate in composition showing sharp to diffused contacts with adjoining host. Spectacular synplutonic mafic dykes commonly occur as fragmented dykes with necking and back veining. Similar magmatic textures of mafic rocks and their felsic host together with cuspate contacts, magmatic flow structures, mixing, mingling and hybridization suggest their coeval nature. Petrographic evidences such as disequilibrium assemblages, resorption, quartz ocelli, rapakivi-like texture and poikilitically enclosed alkali feldspar in amphibole and plagioclase suggest interaction, mixing/mingling of mafic and felsic magmas. Combined field and petrographic evidences reveal convection and divergent flow in the host magma chamber following the introduction of mafic magmas. Mixing occurs when mafic magma is introduced into host felsic magma before initiation of crystallization leading to formation of hybrid magma under the influence of convection. On the other hand when mafic magmas inject into host magma containing 30-40% crystals, the viscosities of the two magmas are sufficiently different to permit mixing but permit only mingling. Finally, if the mafic magmas are injected when felsic host was largely crystallized (∼70% or more crystals), they fill early fractures and interact with the last residual liquids locally resulting in fragmented dykes. The latent heat associated with these mafic injections probably cause reversal of crystallization of adjoining host in magma chamber resulting in back veining in synplutonic mafic dykes. Our field data suggest that substantial volume of mafic magmas were injected into host magma chamber during different stages of crystallization. The origin of mafic magmas may be attributed to decompression melting of mantle associated with development of mantle scale fractures as a consequence of crystallization of voluminous felsic magmas in magma chambers at deep crustal levels.
Low Cost Quantitative Arsenic Determination Kit: A Method by Using Silver Nitrate
Authors: Kar S. , Majumdar R. K. , Chaudhuri M. K. 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Arsenic sometimes found in ground water which has adverse effect on human health at levels as low as 10µg/ L. Arsenic is known to be one of the most toxic element that cannot be destroyed once it has entered to the environment. It is a dangerous poison at high doses but can cure diseases such as syphilis and leukaemia at low doses. The present study comprises a low cost technique for determination of arsenic concentration in groundwater up to 1000µg/L. The method is based on the reaction of arsenic (V) with potassium iodide and stannous chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid medium to convert to arsenic (III) and needs 15 to 20 minutes time for complete conversion. After reaction with the granulated zinc (arsenic free), the evolved arsine gas is passed through wet cotton wool of lead acetate for absorbing any sulphide impurities and is finally absorbed by wet filter paper of silver nitrate which gives brown colour. The intensity of the colour varies with respect to the arsenic concentration present in ground water. A master colour chart is prepared by the known arsenic standard solution from 0 to 1000 µg/L for measuring the concentration range of arsenic in contaminated ground water. The quantitative arsenic determination is done with the help of colorimetric study. The absorbed colour of filter paper is thoroughly scanned and Red, Green and Blue (R-G-B) values are obtained by colour picking technique with the help of the software ‘Microsoft Paint’ under the operating system ‘Microsoft Windows 7’. The known arsenic concentrations are plotted against the R-G-B values of the corresponding absorbed colour and three master curves are drawn by the software ‘Mat lab’ for measuring the exact concentration of arsenic in groundwater. For validation, arsenic contamination test is conducted for the ground water samples collected from different areas of 24 Parganas district using our very low cost kit and other costly instruments like Digital Arsenator and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer.