bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amputations and foot‐related hospitalisations disproportionately affect dialysis patients
Authors: Lavery Lawrence A , Lavery David C , Hunt Nathan A , La Fontaine Javier , Ndip Agbor , Boulton Andrew J 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPatients with diabetes have increased risk for foot ulcers, amputations and hospitalisations. We evaluated a closed cohort of patients with diabetes and established risk factors in two high risk groups: (i) dialysis patients and (ii) patients with previous foot ulceration. We used claims data for diabetes (ICD‐9 250.X), ulceration (ICD‐9 707·10, 707·14 and 707·15) and dialysis (CPT 90935–90937) from the Scott and White Health Plan to identify 150 consecutive patients with diabetes on dialysis (dialysis group) and 150 patients with a history of foot ulceration (ulcer history group). We verified these diagnoses by manually reviewing corresponding electronic medical records. Each patient was provided 30 months follow‐up period. The incidence of foot ulcers was the same in dialysis patients and patients with an ulcer history (210 per 1000 person‐years). The amputation incidence rate was higher in dialysis patients (58·0 versus 13·3, P < 0·001). Hospital admission was common in both study groups. The incidence of hospitalisation was higher in the ulcer history group (477·3 versus 381·3, P < 0·001); however, there were more foot‐related hospital admissions in the dialysis group (32·9% versus 14·0%, P < 0·001) during the 30‐month evaluation period. The incidence of ulcers, amputations and all‐cause hospitalisations is high in persons with diabetes and a history of foot ulceration or on dialysis treatment; however, those on dialysis treatment have disproportionately higher rates of foot‐related hospitalisations. Intervention strategies to reduce the burden of diabetic foot disease must target dialysis patients as a high‐risk group.
Evaluation of internal peer‐review to train nurses recruiting to a randomized controlled trial – Internal Peer‐review for Recruitment Training in Trials (InterPReTiT)
Authors: Mann Cindy , Delgado Debbie , Horwood Jeremy 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimA discussion and qualitative evaluation of the use of peer‐review to train nurses and optimize recruitment practice in a randomized controlled trial.BackgroundSound recruitment processes are critical to the success of randomized controlled trials. Nurses recruiting to trials must obtain consent for an intervention that is administered for reasons other than anticipated benefit to the patient. This requires not only patients' acquiescence but also evidence that they have weighed the relevant information in reaching their decision. How trial information is explained is vital, but communication and training can be inadequate.DesignA discussion of a new process to train nurses recruiting to a randomized controlled trial.Data SourcesLiterature from 1999–2013 about consenting to trials is included. Over 3 months from 2009–2010, recruiting nurses reviewed recruitment interviews recorded during the pilot phase of a single‐site randomized controlled trial and noted content, communication style and interactions. They discussed their findings during peer‐review meetings, which were audio‐recorded and analysed using qualitative methodology.Implications for NursingPeer‐review can enhance nurses' training in trial recruitment procedures by supporting development of the necessary communication skills, facilitating consistency in information provision and sharing best practice.ConclusionsNurse‐led peer‐review can provide a forum to share communication strategies that will elicit and address participant concerns and obtain evidence of participant understanding prior to consent. Comparing practice can improve consistency and accuracy of trial information and facilitate identification of recruitment issues. Internal peer‐review was well accepted and promoted team cohesion. Further evaluation is needed.
Spiritual care of the child with cancer at the end of life: a concept analysis
Authors: Petersen Cheryl L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this paper is to report an analysis of the concept of spiritual care of a child with cancer at the end of life.BackgroundSpirituality is a vital dimension of a child's experience at the end of life; providing comfort; support; and a sense of connection. Spiritual care is paramount to address the substantial spiritual distress that may develop.DesignRodgers' method of evolutionary concept analysis guided the review process.Data sourcesThe literature search was not limited by start date and literature through the end of 2012 was included. English, peer‐reviewed texts in the databases CINAHL, ATLA and PubMed were included.MethodsCritical analysis of the literature identified surrogate terms, related concepts, attributes, antecedents and consequences.ResultsThe analysis identified six attributes: assessing spiritual needs; assisting the child to express feelings; guiding the child in strengthening relationships; helping the child to be remembered; assisting the child to find meaning; and aiding the child to find hope. Antecedents include existential questions and spiritual distress. Consequences include a peaceful death, spiritual growth, a relationship of trust and enhanced end‐of‐life care.ConclusionSpiritual care is a vital aspect of holistic nursing care; however, gaps in knowledge and practice prevent children from receiving adequate spiritual care at the end of life. Nurses would benefit from increased awareness, skills and knowledge about spiritual care. Research is needed to identify interventions that exert the greatest effect on patient care outcomes.
The impacts of goal orientation, terminology effect, and source credibility on communication effectiveness
Authors: Kao Danny Tengti 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThis research explores the interaction effect of terminology and source credibility on communication effectiveness between prevention‐focused and promotion‐focused individuals. Results reveal that communication messages containing terminologies are more effective than those containing no terminologies for promotion‐focused individuals, whereas messages containing no terminologies are more effective than those containing terminologies for prevention‐focused individuals. Furthermore, messages containing terminologies endorsed by either a high‐ or a low‐credibility source are more effective than those containing no terminology information for promotion‐focused individuals. However, for prevention‐focused individuals, communication messages containing terminologies endorsed by a highly credible source are more effective than those containing no terminology information. Alternatively, communication messages containing no terminology information are more effective than those containing terminologies endorsed by a low credible source.
Stereotype, emotion, and behavior: a quasi‐experiment on the effects of Japan's earthquake
Authors: Echebarria Echabe Agustin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA quasi‐experiment was carried out to analyze the effect of the catastrophe of Japan on previous stereotypes about Japanese people. Based on the stereotype content model and behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes model, we found that the earthquake and its consequences modified participants' perception of Japanese power and influence and the compatibility between Japanese interests and goals and their own country's interests. These changes in the structural factors induced further changes in emotional and behavioral reactions toward Japanese people.
Daytime Systolic Ambulatory Blood Pressure With a Direct Switch Between Candesartan Monotherapy and the Fixed‐Dose Combination Olmesartan/Amlodipine in Patients With Uncontrolled Essential Hypertension (SEVICONTROL‐1)
Authors: Zemmrich Claudia , Lüders Stephan , Gansz Andrea , Sturm Claus‐Dieter , Fimmers Rolf , Nadal Jennifer , Schmieder Roland E. , Schrader Joachim , Bramlage Peter 
Published: October 2013

A direct switch of candesartan to the fixed‐dose combination olmesartan/amlodipine in uncontrolled hypertension is a frequent clinical requirement but is not covered by current labeling. An open‐label, prospective, single‐arm phase IIIb study was performed in patients with 32 mg candesartan followed by olmesartan/amlodipine 40/10 mg. The primary endpoint was change in mean daytime systolic blood pressure (BP). Mean daytime systolic BP was reduced by 9.2±12.6 mm Hg (P<.0001) after substituting candesartan for olmesartan/amlodipine (baseline BP 140.2±9.7 mm Hg). The reduction in office BP was 9.4±18.4/4.0±9.6 mm Hg; P<.002). Overall, 61.3% of patients achieved a target BP <140/90 mm Hg using office BP and <135/85 mm Hg using ambulatory BP measurement. There were 8 adverse events with a possible relation to study drug and 1 unrelated serious adverse events. In conclusion, patients with uncontrolled moderate arterial hypertension being treated using candesartan monotherapy achieve a further reduction of BP when switched directly to a fixed‐dose combination of olmesartan 40 mg/amlodipine 10 mg.
Efficacy and 9 years' follow‐up of posterior intravaginal slingplasty for genital prolapse
Authors: Capobianco Giampiero , Donolo Ermes , Wenger Jean Marie , Madonia Massimo , Cosmi Erich , Antimi Lavinia , Dessole Margherita , Cherchi Pier Luigi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to assess the long‐term efficacy and complication rates of posterior intravaginal slingplasty (IVS) in women suffering from genital prolapse.Material and MethodsPosterior IVS or infracoccygeal sacropexy is a minimally invasive procedure for suspension of the vagina with the goal of creating new uterosacral ligaments through the insertion of a polypropylene tape. Forty‐four patients were enrolled: 25 patients, affected by uterovaginal prolapse, were subjected to vaginal hysterectomy and posterior IVS; and 19 patients, diagnosed with vaginal vault prolapse, were subjected to posterior IVS alone. The primary outcome for posterior IVS was 12‐month, 24‐month and annual 9‐year postoperative efficacy that is based on a Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantitative score of −5 at point C, which describes the vaginal apex.ResultsOf the 44 patients who underwent posterior IVS, none required blood transfusions with an average reduction of perioperative hemoglobin of 1.2 ± 0.4 g/dl, and the average time of hospitalization was 4.3 ± 0.6 days. The rate of success was 93.18% (41/44) at 9 years' follow‐up. We had only one case of extrusion (2.27%) and three cases of recurrence (6.82%), such as two cases of cystocele and of rectocele.ConclusionsMost patients interviewed confirmed that their quality of life improved after surgery, 86.36% of the operated patients reported that their sexual performance improved and that they would recommend this surgery for their friends. Posterior IVS was a minimally invasive surgical procedure with a high success rate for genital prolapse.
Use of Reverse Transcription Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification for the Detection of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus
Authors: Kuan Cheng‐Ping , Deng Ting‐Chin , Huang Hung‐Chang , Chi Hsiang‐Hui , Lu Yi‐Lin 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA Reverse Transcription Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT‐LAMP) assay was employed to develop a simple and efficient system for the detection of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) in squash and melon plants. The RT‐LAMP assay took 30 min under isothermal condition at 64°C by employing a set of four primers targeting ZYMV. The sensitivity of RT‐LAMP was 10‐fold greater than that of the RT‐PCR assay in the detection of ZYMV in infected tissues of squash and melon. No reaction was detected from the tissues of healthy plants by either RT‐LAMP or RT‐PCR assay. The RT‐LAMP product of the tested samples can be visualized by staining directly in the tube with SYBR Green I dye. The sensitivity of SYBR Green I staining method is similar to that analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Field‐grown squash and melon plants were tested using RT‐PCR and RT‐LAMP. Both RT‐LAMP and PCR could detect ZYMV in symptomatic or symptomless tissues of infected plants. However, the RT‐LAMP assay is superior to RT‐PCR because it is rapid, simple, and highly sensitive; therefore, RT‐LAMP is a useful and practical method for detection of ZYMV in cucurbits.
Spatial and temporal patterns of bryozoan distribution and diversity in the Scottish sea regions
Authors: Rouse Sally , Spencer Jones Mary E. , Porter Joanne S. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDiversity and distribution patterns of sessile benthic fauna over space and time are often incompletely known. Understanding the factors that govern these patterns is important for informing marine spatial planning, and monitoring the impacts of climate change and habitat alteration in the marine environment. Historical and contemporary records of bryozoans from Scotland were mapped to produce aGISdistribution layer and were assessed in conjunction withJNCC GISbenthic habitat layers. Bryozoans have predominantly been recorded from the west coast,Orkney,Shetland andWestern Isle archipelagos. The greatest number of bryozoan species occurred in high energy, rocky environments; few species have been identified from the continental slope, which also has the least number of records. The biodiversity, as measured by the average taxonomic distinctness and variation in taxonomic distinctness, was assessed for sampling sites and sub‐regions withinScotland. High values were concentrated around theOrkneyIsles andSouthwestScotland. This is the first known attempt at a comprehensive analysis of changes inNorthern European bryozoan diversity and distribution from the 1700s through to the present day, but overall temporal patterns remain uncertain due to differences in the availability of records through time. This study provides an example of the application of methods that may be used to assess benthic diversity to identify potential sites for marine conservation or marine protected areas. As benthic data layers improve, and sampling is extended to unstudied areas, greater insight into the relationship between the physical environment and diversity and distribution patterns of benthic fauna will be gained. This study serves as a baseline for long‐term monitoring of biodiversity changes in this poorly studied Phylum.
Bayesian phylogeographic inferences reveal contrasting colonization dynamics among European groundwater isopods
Authors: Eme D. , Malard F. , Konecny‐Dupré L. , Lefébure T. , Douady C. J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe potentially important role of northern microrefugia during postglacial dispersal is challenging the view of southern Europe as a refuge and source area of European biota. In groundwaters, large geographic ranges of presumably good dispersers are increasingly suspected to consist of assemblages of cryptic species with narrow ranges. Moreover, a large species range, even when confirmed by molecular evidence, tells us little about the spatiotemporal dynamics of dispersal. Here, we used phylogenetic inferences, species delineation methods and Bayesian phylogeographic diffusion models to test for the likelihood of postglacial colonization from distant refugia among five morphospecies of Proasellus (Isopoda, Asellidae). All morphospecies except one were monophyletic, but they comprised a total of 15–17 cryptic species. Three cryptic species retained ranges that spanned a distance >650 km, similar to that of the nominal morphospecies. Bayesian diffusion models based on mitochondrial markers revealed considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in dispersal rates, suggesting that short‐time dispersal windows were instrumental in shaping species ranges. Only one species was found to experience a recent, presumably postglacial, range expansion. The Jura and Alpine foothills probably played a major role in maintaining diversity within Proasellus in northern regions by acting both as diversification hotspots and Pleistocene refugia. Gaining insight into the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of dispersal rates revealed contrasting colonization dynamics among species that were not consistent with a global postglacial colonization of Europe from distant refugia.
On the accumulation of deleterious mutations during range expansions
Authors: Peischl S. , Dupanloup I. , Kirkpatrick M. , Excoffier L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe investigate the effect of spatial range expansions on the evolution of fitness when beneficial and deleterious mutations cosegregate. We perform individual‐based simulations of 1D and 2D range expansions and complement them with analytical approximations for the evolution of mean fitness at the edge of the expansion. We find that deleterious mutations accumulate steadily on the wave front during range expansions, thus creating an expansion load. Reduced fitness due to the expansion load is not restricted to the wave front, but occurs over a large proportion of newly colonized habitats. The expansion load can persist and represent a major fraction of the total mutation load for thousands of generations after the expansion. The phenomenon of expansion load may explain growing evidence that populations that have recently expanded, including humans, show an excess of deleterious mutations. To test the predictions of our model, we analyse functional genetic diversity in humans and find patterns that are consistent with our model.
Estimating relatedness and inbreeding using molecular markers and pedigrees: the effect of demographic history
Authors: Robinson S. P. , Simmons L. W. , Kennington W. J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEstimates of inbreeding and relatedness are commonly calculated using molecular markers, although the accuracy of such estimates has been questioned. As a further complication, in many situations, such estimates are required in populations with reduced genetic diversity, which is likely to affect their accuracy. We investigated the correlation between microsatellite‐ and pedigree‐based coefficients of inbreeding and relatedness in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster that had passed through bottlenecks to manipulate their genetic diversity. We also used simulations to predict expected correlations between marker‐ and pedigree‐based estimates and to investigate the influence of linkage between loci and null alleles. Our empirical data showed lower correlations between marker‐ and pedigree‐based estimates in our control (nonbottleneck) population than were predicted by our simulations or those found in similar studies. Correlations were weaker in bottleneck populations, confirming that extreme reductions in diversity can compromise the ability of molecular estimates to detect recent inbreeding events. However, this result was highly dependent on the strength of the bottleneck and we did not observe or predict any reduction in correlations in our population that went through a relatively severe bottleneck of N = 10 for one generation. Our results are therefore encouraging, as molecular estimates appeared robust to quite severe reductions in genetic diversity. It should also be remembered that pedigree‐based estimates may not capture realized identity‐by‐decent and that marker‐based estimates may actually be more useful in certain situations.
Prize or Price? Corporate Social Responsibility Commitment and Sales Performance in the Chinese Private Sector
Authors: Cui Zhiyu , Liang Xiaoya , Lu Xiongwen 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTStudies on the relationship between corporate social responsibilities (CSR) and firm performance have mostly looked at large public firms in developed countries. In this study, we analyze this relationship using a sample of privately owned firms in China, a developing economy context. We hypothesize a negative relationship between commitment to CSR and average sales growth for privately-owned firms operating in weak institutional environments. Further, we hypothesize that smaller firms will show a stronger negative relationship than larger firms. CEO survey data from a sample of 630 Chinese private firms confirm the moderating role of firm size. However, the results are not entirely as expected. The negative relationship is observed in small firms (100 or fewer employees), but the relationship is positive for large firms (greater than 1000 employees), consistent with the literature. We discuss implications for public policy and future research.
Variables and Attitudes
Authors: Pickel Bryan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe phenomenon of quantification into attitude ascriptions has haunted broadly Fregean views, according to which co‐referential proper names are not always substitutable salva veritate in attitude ascriptions. Opponents of Fregeanism argue that a belief ascription containing a proper name such as ‘Michael believes that Lindsay is charitable’ is equivalent to a quantified sentence such as ‘there is someone such that Michael believes that she is charitable, and that person is Lindsay’. They conclude that the semantic contribution of a name such as ‘Lindsay’ is the same as the semantic contribution of a variable under an assignment, which these opponents suggest is merely the object assigned to that variable. However, renewed interest in variables suggests that they make a more complicated contribution to the semantic processing of sentences that contain them. In particular, a variable contributes both an assignment‐unsaturated and an assignment‐saturated semantic value. I use this dual role of the semantics of variables to develop a response to the argument from quantifying in. I take as my point of departure Cumming's () view that an attitude ascription relates the subject of an attitude to the assignment‐unsaturated semantic value of an open sentence. I argue that this approach fails. I propose an alternative, according to which the truth of a belief ascription depends on both the assignment‐saturated and the assignment‐unsaturated semantic value of the open sentence in its that‐clause. This approach reverses standard assumptions concerning the relation between quantification and substitution.
Environmental versus geographical determinants of genetic structure in two subalpine conifers
Authors: Mosca Elena , González‐Martínez Santiago C. , Neale David B. 
Published: October 2013

Summary

Alpine ecosystems are facing rapid human‐induced environmental changes, and so more knowledge about tree adaptive potential is needed. This study investigated the relative role of isolation by distance (IBD) versus isolation by adaptation (IBA) in explaining population genetic structure in Abies alba and Larix decidua, based on 231 and 233 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) sampled across 36 and 22 natural populations, respectively, in the Alps and Apennines.

Genetic structure was investigated for both geographical and environmental groups, using analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). For each species, nine environmental groups were defined using climate variables selected from a multiple factor analysis. Complementary methods were applied to identify outliers based on these groups, and to test for IBD versus IBA.

AMOVA showed weak but significant genetic structure for both species, with higher values in L. decidua. Among the potential outliers detected, up to two loci were found for geographical groups and up to seven for environmental groups. A stronger effect of IBD than IBA was found in both species; nevertheless, once spatial effects had been removed, temperature and soil in A. alba, and precipitation in both species, were relevant factors explaining genetic structure.

Based on our findings, in the Alpine region, genetic structure seems to be affected by both geographical isolation and environmental gradients, creating opportunities for local adaptation.