bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic Review of Tobacco Use after Lung or Head/Neck Cancer Diagnosis: Results and Recommendations for Future Research
Authors: Burris Jessica L. , Studts Jamie L. , DeRosa Antonio P. , Ostroff Jamie S. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Tobacco use after cancer diagnosis is associated with adverse cancer outcomes, yet reliable prevalence estimates for this behavior are lacking. We conducted a systematic literature review of the prevalence of current tobacco use among individuals with a history of lung or head/neck cancer (CRD #42012002625). An extensive search of electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science) identified 7,777 potentially relevant articles published between 1980 and 2014 and 131 of these yielded pertinent information. Aggregating results across heterogeneous study designs and diverse patient samples, the overall mean prevalence rate of current tobacco use (mostly cigarette smoking) was 33.0% (median, 31.0%). Among current tobacco users at cancer diagnosis, the mean prevalence rate of current tobacco use (mostly cigarette smoking) was 53.8% (median, 50.3%). In many cases, an operational definition of “current” tobacco use was absent, and biochemical verification of self-reported smoking status was infrequent. These and other observed methodologic limitations in the assessment and reporting of cancer patients' tobacco use underscore the necessity of uniform tobacco use assessment in future clinical research and cancer care. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(10); 1450–61. ©2015 AACR.
Adherence to Multiple Cancer Screening Tests among Women Living in Appalachia Ohio
Authors: Katz Mira L. , Reiter Paul L. , Young Gregory S. , Pennell Michael L. , Tatum Cathy M. , Paskett Electra D. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: There is a lack of information about the correlates of completing all three cancer screening tests among women living in Appalachia.
Methods: Cross-sectional telephone interviews were conducted (April–September 2013) among women (n = 637) ages 51 to 75 years from 12 Appalachia Ohio counties. Outcomes of within screening guidelines were verified by medical records. Multivariable logistic regression models identified correlates of being within guidelines for all three cancer screening tests.
Results: Screening rates included mammography (32.1%), Pap test (36.1%), and a colorectal cancer test (30.1%). Only 8.6% of women were within guidelines for all tests. Having had a check-up in the past 2 years and having received a screening recommendation were significantly related to being within guidelines for all three tests (P &lt; 0.01). Participants with higher annual household incomes [$60,000+; OR, 3.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.49–8.33] and conditions requiring regular medical visits (OR, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.29–7.74) were more likely to be within guidelines for all three screening tests.
Conclusion: Less than 10% of women had completed screening within guidelines for all three screening tests. Regular contact with the health care system and higher incomes were significant predictors of being within guidelines.
Impact: Within guidelines rates for the three recommended cancer screening tests are low among women in Appalachia Ohio. This finding illustrates the need for innovative interventions to improve rates of multiple cancer screening tests. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(10); 1489–94. ©2015 AACR.
Investigation of Metabolomic Blood Biomarkers for Detection of Adenocarcinoma Lung Cancer
Authors: Fahrmann Johannes F. , Kim Kyoungmi , DeFelice Brian C. , Taylor Sandra L. , Gandara David R. , Yoneda Ken Y. , Cooke David T. , Fiehn Oliver , Kelly Karen , Miyamoto Suzanne 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Untargeted metabolomics was used in case–control studies of adenocarcinoma (ADC) lung cancer to develop and test metabolite classifiers in serum and plasma as potential biomarkers for diagnosing lung cancer.
Methods: Serum and plasma were collected and used in two independent case–control studies (ADC1 and ADC2). Controls were frequency matched for gender, age, and smoking history. There were 52 adenocarcinoma cases and 31 controls in ADC1 and 43 adenocarcinoma cases and 43 controls in ADC2. Metabolomics was conducted using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Differential analysis was performed on ADC1 and the top candidates (FDR &lt; 0.05) for serum and plasma used to develop individual and multiplex classifiers that were then tested on an independent set of serum and plasma samples (ADC2).
Results: Aspartate provided the best accuracy (81.4%) for an individual metabolite classifier in serum, whereas pyrophosphate had the best accuracy (77.9%) in plasma when independently tested. Multiplex classifiers of either 2 or 4 serum metabolites had an accuracy of 72.7% when independently tested. For plasma, a multimetabolite classifier consisting of 8 metabolites gave an accuracy of 77.3% when independently tested. Comparison of overall diagnostic performance between the two blood matrices yielded similar performances. However, serum is most ideal given higher sensitivity for low-abundant metabolites.
Conclusion: This study shows the potential of metabolite-based diagnostic tests for detection of lung adenocarcinoma. Further validation in a larger pool of samples is warranted.
Impact: These biomarkers could improve early detection and diagnosis of lung cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(11); 1716–23. ©2015 AACR.
Blinatumomab for the Treatment of Philadelphia Chromosome–Negative, Precursor B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Wolach Ofir , Stone Richard M. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Blinatumomab is a CD19/CD3 bispescific antibody designed to redirect T cells toward malignant B cells and induce their lysis. It recently gained accelerated approval by the FDA for the treatment of relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome–negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (RR-ALL). In the phase II trial that served as the basis for approval, blinatumomab demonstrated significant single-agent activity and induced remission [complete remission (CR) and CR with incomplete recovery of peripheral blood counts (CRh)] in 43% of 189 adult patients with RR-ALL; the majority of responders (82%) also attained negative minimal residual disease (MRD−) status that did not generally translate into long-term remissions in most cases. Additional studies show that blinatumomab can induce high response rates associated with lasting remissions in patients in first remission treated for MRD positivity, suggesting a role for blinatumomab in the upfront, MRD-positive setting. Blinatumomab infusion follows a predictable immunopharmacologic profile, including early cytokine release that can be associated with a clinical syndrome, T-cell expansion, and B-cell depletion. Neurologic toxicities represent a unique toxicity that shares similarities with adverse effects of other T-cell engaging therapies. Further studies are needed to clarify the optimal disease setting and timing for blinatumomab therapy. Additional insights into the pathogenesis, risk factors, and prevention of neurologic toxicities as well as a better understanding of the clinical consequences and biologic pathways that are associated with drug resistance are needed. Clin Cancer Res; 21(19); 4262–9. ©2015 AACR.
Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over Left Dorsolateral pFC on the Attentional Blink Depend on Individual Baseline Performance
Authors: London Raquel E. , Slagter Heleen A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Selection mechanisms that dynamically gate only relevant perceptual information for further processing and sustained representation in working memory are critical for goal-directed behavior. We examined whether this gating process can be modulated by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over left dorsolateral pFC (DLPFC)—a region known to play a key role in working memory and conscious access. Specifically, we examined the effects of tDCS on the magnitude of the so-called “attentional blink” (AB), a deficit in identifying the second of two targets presented in rapid succession. Thirty-four participants performed a standard AB task before (baseline), during, and after 20 min of 1-mA anodal and cathodal tDCS in two separate sessions. On the basis of previous reports linking individual differences in AB magnitude to individual differences in DLPFC activity and on suggestions that effects of tDCS depend on baseline brain activity levels, we hypothesized that anodal tDCS over left DLPFC would modulate the magnitude of the AB as a function of individual baseline AB magnitude. Indeed, individual differences analyses revealed that anodal tDCS decreased the AB in participants with a large baseline AB but increased the AB in participants with a small baseline AB. This effect was only observed during (but not after) stimulation, was not found for cathodal tDCS, and could not be explained by regression to the mean. Notably, the effects of tDCS were not apparent at the group level, highlighting the importance of taking individual variability in performance into account when evaluating the effectiveness of tDCS. These findings support the idea that left DLPFC plays a critical role in the AB and in conscious access more generally. They are also in line with the notion that there is an optimal level of prefrontal activity for cognitive function, with both too little and too much activity hurting performance.
Characteristics of Some Days Involving Abrupt Increases in Fire Danger
Authors: Fox-Hughes Paul 
Published: August 2015

AbstractA class of fire-weather events has been identified recently in which the normal, often diurnal, rise and fall of fire danger is interrupted by abruptly worsening conditions, or “spikes,” for which fire managers may be unprepared. Frequent observations from a site in Tasmania, Australia, show that spike events are associated with the passage of negatively tilted upper-tropospheric troughs, leading to descent into the atmospheric boundary layer of dry, high-momentum air—a result that is supported by satellite water vapor imagery. Case studies from other major fire events, both in Australia and in the Northern Hemisphere, show similar characteristics. Statistically significant differences exist between the location and placement of trough and jet-streak features during spike events and normal fire-weather events, with differences in satellite water vapor imagery features also evident. The seasonality of spike events differs significantly from other fire-weather events, with their occurrence peaking from late spring to early summer in Tasmania, in contrast to broad summer primary and midspring secondary peaks for nonspike events.
Estimation of Wind-Induced Losses from a Precipitation Gauge Network in the Australian Snowy Mountains
Authors: Chubb Thomas , Manton Michael J. , Siems Steven T. , Peace Andrew D. , Bilish Shane P. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Wind-induced losses, or undercatch, can have a substantial impact on precipitation gauge observations, especially in alpine environments that receive a substantial amount of frozen precipitation and may be exposed to high winds. A network of NOAH II all-weather gauges installed in the Snowy Mountains since 2006 provides an opportunity to evaluate the magnitude of undercatch in an Australian alpine environment. Data from two intercomparison sites were used with NOAH II gauges with different configurations of wind fences installed: unfenced, WMO standard double fence intercomparison reference (full DFIR) fences, and an experimental half-sized double fence (half DFIR). It was found that average ambient temperature over 6-h periods was sufficient to classify the precipitation phase as snow, mixed precipitation, or rain in a statistically robust way. Empirical catch ratio relationships (i.e., the quotient of observations from two gauges), based on wind speed, ambient temperature, and measured precipitation amount, were established for snow and mixed precipitation. An adjustment scheme to correct the unfenced NOAH II gauge data using the catch ratio relationships was cross validated with independent data from two additional sites, as well as from the intercomparison sites themselves. The adjustment scheme was applied to the observed precipitation amounts at the other sites with unfenced NOAH II gauges. In the worst-case scenario, it was found that the observed precipitation amount would need to be increased by 52% to match what would have been recorded had adequate shielding been installed. However, gauges that were naturally well protected, and those below about 1400 m, required very little adjustment. Spatial analysis showed that the average seasonal undercatch was between 6% and 15% for gauges above 1000 m MSL.
Voice Outcomes for Photoangiolytic KTP Laser Treatment of Early Glottic Cancer
Authors: Friedman Aaron D. , Hillman Robert E. , Landau-Zemer Tali , Burns James A. , Zeitels Steven M. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives: Surgery and radiotherapy routinely provide high cure rates in treating early glottic cancer. Therefore, key metrics for success are optimal voice outcome and preservation of future cancer treatment options. Remarkably, there is a paucity of pretreatment versus posttreatment voice outcome data. Angiolytic KTP (potassium titanyl phosphate) laser treatment of early glottic cancer with ultranarrow margins was initiated to better preserve vocal function. Given that effective oncological results have been achieved, it was hypothesized that this approach would also result in improved posttreatment measures of vocal function that more closely approximate historical norms than pretreatment values. Methods: Pretreatment and posttreatment voice outcome data were obtained for 92 patients (64 with T1 cancer and 28 with T2 cancer) who underwent 532-nm KTP laser treatment of early glottic cancer in a study design in which each patient essentially served as his or her own control. The evaluations included objective measures (acoustic and aerodynamic) and patients' self-assessments of vocal function (Voice-Related Quality of Life; V-RQOL). A series of mixed analyses of variance were conducted for all vocal function measures, with tumor stage and depth of invasion as the between-subjects variables and time (presurgery versus postsurgery) as the within-subject variable. Results: There were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) postoperative improvements for acoustic (perturbation and noise-to-harmonics ratio) and aerodynamic (subglottic pressure and vocal efficiency) measures of vocal function, as well as for V-RQOL assessment. Conclusions: Comprehensive pretreatment and posttreatment voice measures in a large patient cohort demonstrated that the KTP laser significantly improved postoperative vocal function in patients with early glottic cancer. Furthermore, radiotherapy was preserved as an oncological treatment option.
Mitochondrial Myopathy: A Rare Cause of Early-Onset Vocal Fold Atrophy
Authors: Kelly Elizabeth A. , Bock Jonathan M. , Peltier Amanda C. , Oh Shin J. , Garrett C. Gaelyn 
Published: August 2015

Objectives: We present the second published case of laryngeal involvement in mitochondrial myopathy. Methods: A patient with laryngeal involvement of mitochondrial myopathy is presented, together with a literature review. Results: A 41-year-old man presented with progressive breathy dysphonia. His brother had mitochondrial myopathy. Biopsy of the biceps muscle demonstrated cytochrome C oxidase–negative ragged blue fibers confirming mitochondrial myopathy. Videostroboscopy showed marked vocal fold atrophy, but subsequent injection laryngoplasty did not significantly improve the patient's voice, despite improved postoperative glottic closure. Conclusions: Mitochondrial myopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of severe early-onset vocal fold atrophy.
Rigid Bronchoscopic Management of Complications Related to Endobronchial Stents after Lung Transplantation
Authors: Redmond Jonas , Diamond Jay , Dunn Jonathan , Cohen Gary S. , Soliman Ahmed M. S. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives: We reviewed the utility of rigid bronchoscopy in the management of complications resulting from placement of metallic endobronchial stents after lung transplantation. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all lung transplant patients who required metallic endobronchial stenting between 2005 and 2009. The patients' medical records were reviewed, and details regarding stent placement, complications, and removal were recorded. Results: A total of 43 metallic stents were placed in 22 patients who had unilateral or bilateral lung transplantation. Stent complications occurred in 18 cases (42%) at a mean of 285 days after placement and included stent collapse, stent breakdown, stent migration, ingrowth of granulation tissue, and coughing up of fractured pieces of stent. Of the 43 stents placed, only 4 (9%) had to be removed. Removal was readily accomplished by rigid bronchoscopic techniques, even when some endothelial ingrowth had occurred. Conclusions: Lung transplantation presents unique challenges in airway management. Endobronchial stenting plays an important role in the management of anastomotic stenosis and bronchomalacia in these patients. Although metallic stents have significant advantages, complications often arise that occasionally necessitate their removal. Rigid bronchoscopy is a valuable tool in the management of endobronchial stent complications after lung transplantation.
Voice Outcomes from Subligamentous Cordectomy for Early Glottic Cancer
Authors: Hillel Alexander T. , Johns Michael M. , Hapner Edie R. , Shah Manish , Wise Justin C. , Klein Adam M. 
Published: August 2015

Objectives: We evaluated the voice and vocal fold pliability outcomes of European Laryngological Society (ELS) deep type I (subepithelial) and type II (subligamentous) cordectomies for early glottic cancer. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of patients with glottic carcinoma at a tertiary care medical center between 2005 and 2011. Their procedures were stratified into ELS type I and ELS type II cordectomies. The data recorded included age, gender, tumor stage, recurrence, patient-assessed voice-related quality of life, perceptual voice evaluation, and stroboscopy. Results: Four patients were identified as having subepithelial cordectomy, and 13 as having subligamentous cordectomy. The average preoperative and postoperative voice-related quality of life scores were 65 and 74 for the ELS I cohort and 64 and 95 for the ELS II group. The preoperative and postoperative perceptual voice evaluation scores were 56 and 35 for the ELS I cohort and 45 and 21 for the ELS II cohort. The ELS I cohort had a moderately to severely reduced mucosal wave, with 75% of patients demonstrating glottic insufficiency, whereas the ELS II cohort had a mildly to moderately reduced mucosal wave, with 8% of patients demonstrating glottic insufficiency. The survival outcomes were the same. Conclusions: Patients who underwent subligamentous excision of early glottic cancer had significantly improved postoperative voice and stroboscopy scores. This finding suggests that if tumor resection reaches the vocal ligament, and minimal superficial lamina propria can be preserved, subligamentous cordectomy should be performed.
Voice Outcome following Acute Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Young VyVy N. , Smith Libby J. , Rosen Clark 
Published: August 2015

Objectives: We assessed voice outcomes following unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of 72 patients with UVFP proven by laryngeal electromyography, including their Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) scores at presentation and at the study end point (at the return of vocal fold motion or before the decision regarding definitive treatment). Results: The average VHI-10 score on presentation was 26.9 of 40 (27.2 for patients who recovered motion and 26.7 for those who did not; p = 0.847). A recovery of vocal fold motion was experienced by 35% of patients, and 76.4% of patients underwent temporary vocal fold injection. For the patients who recovered motion, the average changes in VHI-10 score were −22.3 for those with injection and −11.4 for those without (p = 0.027). For patients without motion recovery, the average changes in VHI-10 score were −9.5 for those with injection and −0.8 for those without (p = 0.027). At the study end point, 84% of patients with return of motion had normal VHI-10 scores, in contrast to 21% of patients without motion recovery (p = 0.0009). Conclusions: A return of vocal fold motion is a vital determinant of voice outcome in patients with UVFP. However, despite recovery of vocal fold motion, 16% of patients in this study still had significant voice handicap. In contrast, 21% of patients without motion recovery had normal VHI-10 scores. This information can be used to counsel patients on voice outcome (precluding permanent treatment) with and without recovery of motion. There may be long-term voice benefit from early temporary vocal fold injection.
Supraglottic Stenosis: Etiology and Treatment of a Rare Condition
Authors: Stevens Matthew S. , Chang Andrew , Simpson C. Blake 
Published: August 2015

Objectives: Although laryngotracheal stenosis is well described in the literature, the vast majority of cases are of stenosis at either the subglottic or glottic level. Supraglottic stenosis is an unusual subset of laryngotracheal stenosis that has distinctly different causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on all adult patients at our institution with a diagnosis of supraglottic stenosis. Clinical records, videolaryngoscopic examinations, and operative and clinic procedure records were reviewed. All patients had a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Results: Eight patients with supraglottic stenosis were identified. Five (62.5%) had a history of radiation therapy, and the remaining 3 cases were associated with autoimmune disorders. Our data revealed a frequent association with dysphagia (7 of 8 cases, or 87.5%), including 2 patients with complete pharyngoesophageal stricture and 3 who required a percutaneous gastrostomy tube. All of the patients required more than 1 surgical intervention because of symptomatic recurrent airway stenosis. Three patients underwent successful endoscopic treatment with a carbon dioxide laser in the operating room. One of these patients and 5 additional patients were successfully managed with pulsed KTP laser treatment in the clinic setting without complications. We observed 2 cases of acute intraoperative supraglottic edema in the setting of suspension laryngoscopy and jet ventilation, 1 of which necessitated emergent tracheostomy. Conclusions: Supraglottic stenosis is a rare condition that is often associated with external-beam radiation or autoimmune disorders. All of the patients in our series experienced some degree of symptomatic airway obstruction that required management. The majority also had coexisting dysphagia, often associated with pharyngeal or esophageal stricture. Despite the favorable response to endoscopic treatment, all patients eventually required additional procedures because of symptomatic recurrence of their stenosis. Although endoscopic surgical treatment with a carbon dioxide laser in the operating room setting is a viable option, office-based treatment with a pulsed KTP laser appears to be an effective and potentially safer alternative.