bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migratory behaviour of bird species occurring in critical numbers at Besh Barmag bottleneck in Azerbaijan
Authors: HEISS MICHAEL 
Published: September 2015

SummaryA narrow coastal plain located between the Greater Caucasus and the Caspian Sea was recently discovered to be a major avian flyway through Transcaucasia. Here at the Besh Barmag bottleneck in Azerbaijan an estimated 1.24–1.51 million migrants passed through in autumn 2011 and a further 0.65–0.82 million in spring 2012, elevating this bottleneck to international importance. Furthermore, 34 bird species were observed in numbers in excess of the 1% threshold of world or flyway population in at least one of the observation seasons. Due to the high concentration of these species, any dangers affecting this passage can be threatening at a population scale. This study therefore aims to describe the migratory behaviour of these 34 species and subsequently to identify the dangers involved in passage through the area. Collision with anthropogenic obstacles was regarded as the main threat in the coastal plain. Ten (40%) of the species studied and observed in autumn 2011 were flying at the lowest altitudes and are therefore under threat on migration through the bottleneck due to overhead power lines, buildings, traffic and hunting. Planned infrastructural developments with heights of up to 200 m (e.g. towers, wind farms) pose a future threat for an additional 13 (52%) of the study species observed in autumn, making a total of 23 species that would be threatened. Only two species, Pygmy Cormorant Microcarbo pygmaeus and Grey Heron Ardea cinerea, can be expected to maintain their currently safe passage in future as they migrate mainly above 200 m above ground level. In spring 2012, all 14 (100%) of the species that used the coastal plain as flyway, migrated below 50 m and are therefore imminently threatened by collision. Although birds migrating over the Caspian Sea were concentrated at the lower altitudes, there was no identifiable threat for migrants using this flyway, but hazards can be expected in the oil production areas further south.
After Heartbreak: Anglicanism and the End of
Christendom
Authors: McGowan Andrew 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe Church of England is experiencing a significant decline in membership and in
other forms of influence and engagement, whose implications may have
consequences for the Anglican Communion as a whole. The qualitative as well as
quantitative changes suggest the need for a renewal of Anglican public theology
that maintains a positive account of the relationship between church and world
while letting go the expectation of privilege and power. Articles in this issue
of the Journal of Anglican Studies address the public character
of Christianity in Britain after Christendom.
Heterogeneous composition of key metabolic gene clusters in a vent mussel symbiont population
Authors: Ikuta Tetsuro , Takaki Yoshihiro , Nagai Yukiko , Shimamura Shigeru , Tsuda Miwako , Kawagucci Shinsuke , Aoki Yui , Inoue Koji , Teruya Morimi , Satou Kazuhito , Teruya Kuniko , Shimoji Makiko , Tamotsu Hinako , Hirano Takashi , Maruyama Tadashi , Yoshida Takao 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Chemosynthetic symbiosis is one of the successful systems for adapting to a wide range of habitats including extreme environments, and the metabolic capabilities of symbionts enable host organisms to expand their habitat ranges. However, our understanding of the adaptive strategies that enable symbiotic organisms to expand their habitats is still fragmentary. Here, we report that a single-ribotype endosymbiont population in an individual of the host vent mussel, Bathymodiolus septemdierum has heterogeneous genomes with regard to the composition of key metabolic gene clusters for hydrogen oxidation and nitrate reduction. The host individual harbours heterogeneous symbiont subpopulations that either possess or lack the gene clusters encoding hydrogenase or nitrate reductase. The proportions of the different symbiont subpopulations in a host appeared to vary with the environment or with the host’s development. Furthermore, the symbiont subpopulations were distributed in patches to form a mosaic pattern in the gill. Genomic heterogeneity in an endosymbiont population may enable differential utilization of diverse substrates and confer metabolic flexibility. Our findings open a new chapter in our understanding of how symbiotic organisms alter their metabolic capabilities and expand their range of habitats.
Maternal bile acid transporter deficiency promotes neonatal demise
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Fei , Wang Yao , Pitre Aaron , Fang Zhong-ze , Frank Matthew W. , Calabrese Christopher , Krausz Kristopher W. , Neale Geoffrey , Frase Sharon , Vogel Peter , Rock Charles O. , Gonzalez Frank J. , Schuetz John D. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIntrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is associated with adverse neonatal survival and is estimated to impact between 0.4 and 5% of pregnancies worldwide. Here we show that maternal cholestasis (due to Abcb11 deficiency) produces neonatal death among all offspring within 24 h of birth due to atelectasis-producing pulmonary hypoxia, which recapitulates the neonatal respiratory distress of human ICP. Neonates of Abcb11-deficient mothers have elevated pulmonary bile acids and altered pulmonary surfactant structure. Maternal absence of Nr1i2 superimposed on Abcb11 deficiency strongly reduces maternal serum bile acid concentrations and increases neonatal survival. We identify pulmonary bile acids as a key factor in the disruption of the structure of pulmonary surfactant in neonates of ICP. These findings have important implications for neonatal respiratory failure, especially when maternal bile acids are elevated during pregnancy, and highlight potential pathways and targets amenable to therapeutic intervention to ameliorate this condition.
Expanding the biotechnology potential of lactobacilli through comparative genomics of 213 strains and associated genera
Authors: Sun Zhihong , Harris Hugh M. B. , McCann Angela , Guo Chenyi , Argimón Silvia , Zhang Wenyi , Yang Xianwei , Jeffery Ian B , Cooney Jakki C. , Kagawa Todd F. , Liu Wenjun , Song Yuqin , Salvetti Elisa , Wrobel Agnieszka , Rasinkangas Pia , Parkhill Julian , Rea Mary C. , O’Sullivan Orla , Ritari Jarmo , Douillard François P. , Paul Ross R. , Yang Ruifu , Briner Alexandra E. , Felis Giovanna E. , de Vos Willem M. , Barrangou Rodolphe , Klaenhammer Todd R. , Caufield Page W. , Cui Yujun , Zhang Heping , O’Toole Paul W. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractLactobacilli are a diverse group of species that occupy diverse nutrient-rich niches associated with humans, animals, plants and food. They are used widely in biotechnology and food preservation, and are being explored as therapeutics. Exploiting lactobacilli has been complicated by metabolic diversity, unclear species identity and uncertain relationships between them and other commercially important lactic acid bacteria. The capacity for biotransformations catalysed by lactobacilli is an untapped biotechnology resource. Here we report the genome sequences of 213 Lactobacillus strains and associated genera, and their encoded genetic catalogue for modifying carbohydrates and proteins. In addition, we describe broad and diverse presence of novel CRISPR-Cas immune systems in lactobacilli that may be exploited for genome editing. We rationalize the phylogenomic distribution of host interaction factors and bacteriocins that affect their natural and industrial environments, and mechanisms to withstand stress during technological processes. We present a robust phylogenomic framework of existing species and for classifying new species.
Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies five modifier loci of lung disease severity in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Corvol Harriet , Blackman Scott M. , Boëlle Pierre-Yves , Gallins Paul J. , Pace Rhonda G. , Stonebraker Jaclyn R. , Accurso Frank J. , Clement Annick , Collaco Joseph M. , Dang Hong , Dang Anthony T. , Franca Arianna , Gong Jiafen , Guillot Loic , Keenan Katherine , Li Weili , Lin Fan , Patrone Michael V. , Raraigh Karen S. , Sun Lei , Zhou Yi-Hui , O’Neal Wanda K. , Sontag Marci K. , Levy Hara , Durie Peter R. , Rommens Johanna M. , Drumm Mitchell L. , Wright Fred A. , Strug Lisa J. , Cutting Garry R. , Knowles Michael R. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe identification of small molecules that target specific CFTR variants has ushered in a new era of treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF), yet optimal, individualized treatment of CF will require identification and targeting of disease modifiers. Here we use genome-wide association analysis to identify genetic modifiers of CF lung disease, the primary cause of mortality. Meta-analysis of 6,365 CF patients identifies five loci that display significant association with variation in lung disease. Regions on chr3q29 (MUC4/MUC20; P=3.3 × 10−11), chr5p15.3 (SLC9A3; P=6.8 × 10−12), chr6p21.3 (HLA Class II; P=1.2 × 10−8) and chrXq22-q23 (AGTR2/SLC6A14; P=1.8 × 10−9) contain genes of high biological relevance to CF pathophysiology. The fifth locus, on chr11p12-p13 (EHF/APIP; P=1.9 × 10−10), was previously shown to be associated with lung disease. These results provide new insights into potential targets for modulating lung disease severity in CF.
Atomic-level characterization of transport cycle thermodynamics in the glycerol-3-phosphate:phosphate antiporter
Authors: Moradi Mahmoud , Enkavi Giray , Tajkhorshid Emad 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMembrane transporters actively translocate their substrate by undergoing large-scale structural transitions between inward- (IF) and outward-facing (OF) states (‘alternating-access’ mechanism). Despite extensive structural studies, atomic-level mechanistic details of such structural transitions, and as importantly, their coupling to chemical events supplying the energy, remain amongst the most elusive aspects of the function of these proteins. Here we present a quantitative, atomic-level description of the functional thermodynamic cycle for the glycerol-3-phosphate:phosphate antiporter GlpT by using a novel approach in reconstructing the free energy landscape governing the IF↔OF transition along a cyclic transition pathway involving both apo and substrate-bound states. Our results provide a fully atomic description of the complete transport process, offering a structural model for the alternating-access mechanism and substantiating the close coupling between global structural transitions and local chemical events.
Coordinating activation strategy for C(sp3)–H/C(sp3)–H cross-coupling to access β-aromatic α-amino acids
Authors: Li Kaizhi , Wu Qian , Lan Jingbo , You Jingsong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed significant advances in C–H bond functionalizations with the discovery of new mechanisms. Non-precious transition-metal-catalysed radical oxidative coupling for C(sp3)–H bond transformations is an appealing strategy for C–C bond formations. The radical oxidative C(sp3)–H/C(sp3)–H cross-coupling reactions of α-C(sp3)–H bonds of amines with free radicals represent a conceptual and practical challenge. We herein develop the coordinating activation strategy to illustrate the nickel-catalysed radical oxidative cross-coupling between C(sp3)–H bonds and (hetero)arylmethyl free radicals. The protocol can tolerate a rich variety of α-amino acids and (hetero)arylmethanes as well as arylmethylenes and arylmethines, affording a large library of α-tertiary and α-quaternary β-aromatic α-amino acids. This process also features low-cost metal catalyst, readily handled and easily removable coordinating group, synthetic simplicity and gram-scale production, which would enable the potential for economical production at commercial scale in the future.
A resilient formin-derived cortical actin meshwork in the rear drives actomyosin-based motility in 2D confinement
Authors: Ramalingam Nagendran , Franke Christof , Jaschinski Evelin , Winterhoff Moritz , Lu Yao , Brühmann Stefan , Junemann Alexander , Meier Helena , Noegel Angelika A. , Weber Igor , Zhao Hongxia , Merkel Rudolf , Schleicher Michael , Faix Jan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCell migration is driven by the establishment of disparity between the cortical properties of the softer front and the more rigid rear allowing front extension and actomyosin-based rear contraction. However, how the cortical actin meshwork in the rear is generated remains elusive. Here we identify the mDia1-like formin A (ForA) from Dictyostelium discoideum that generates a subset of filaments as the basis of a resilient cortical actin sheath in the rear. Mechanical resistance of this actin compartment is accomplished by actin crosslinkers and IQGAP-related proteins, and is mandatory to withstand the increased contractile forces in response to mechanical stress by impeding unproductive blebbing in the rear, allowing efficient cell migration in two-dimensional-confined environments. Consistently, ForA supresses the formation of lateral protrusions, rapidly relocalizes to new prospective ends in repolarizing cells and is required for cortical integrity. Finally, we show that ForA utilizes the phosphoinositide gradients in polarized cells for subcellular targeting.
Role of TBATB in nano indium oxide catalyzed C-S bond formation
Authors: Gogoi Prasanta , Hazarika Sukanya , Barman Pranjit 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNano sized indium oxide is found to be an efficient catalyst for the conversion of thiols to sulfides using Na2CO3 as base and TBATB as reagent in DMSO at 110 °C. Here in situ generation of bromo intermediate by TBATB takes place through indium surface. A variety of aryl sulfides can be synthesized in excellent yields from less reactive chlorides, boronic acids and thiols.
Magnetically-induced ferroelectricity in the (ND4)2[FeCl5(D2O)] molecular compound
Authors: Alberto Rodríguez-Velamazán José , Fabelo Óscar , Millán Ángel , Campo Javier , Johnson Roger D. , Chapon Laurent 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe number of magnetoelectric multiferroic materials reported to date is scarce, as magnetic structures that break inversion symmetry and induce an improper ferroelectric polarization typically arise through subtle competition between different magnetic interactions. The (NH4)2[FeCl5(H2O)] compound is a rare case where such improper ferroelectricity has been observed in a molecular material. We have used single crystal and powder neutron diffraction to obtain detailed solutions for the crystal and magnetic structures of (NH4)2[FeCl5(H2O)], from which we determined the mechanism of multiferroicity. From the crystal structure analysis, we observed an order-disorder phase transition related to the ordering of the ammonium counterion. We have determined the magnetic structure below TN, at 2 K and zero magnetic field, which corresponds to a cycloidal spin arrangement with magnetic moments contained in the ac-plane, propagating parallel to the c-axis. The observed ferroelectricity can be explained, from the obtained magnetic structure, via the inverse Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya mechanism.
Brain extracellular matrix retains connectivity in neuronal networks
Authors: Bikbaev Arthur , Frischknecht Renato , Heine Martin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe formation and maintenance of connectivity are critically important for the processing and storage of information in neuronal networks. The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) appears during postnatal development and surrounds most neurons in the adult mammalian brain. Importantly, the removal of the ECM was shown to improve plasticity and post-traumatic recovery in the CNS, but little is known about the mechanisms. Here, we investigated the role of the ECM in the regulation of the network activity in dissociated hippocampal cultures grown on microelectrode arrays (MEAs). We found that enzymatic removal of the ECM in mature cultures led to transient enhancement of neuronal activity, but prevented disinhibition-induced hyperexcitability that was evident in age-matched control cultures with intact ECM. Furthermore, the ECM degradation followed by disinhibition strongly affected the network interaction so that it strongly resembled the juvenile pattern seen in naïve developing cultures. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the ECM plays an important role in retention of existing connectivity in mature neuronal networks that can be exerted through synaptic confinement of glutamate. On the other hand, removal of the ECM can play a permissive role in modification of connectivity and adaptive exploration of novel network architecture.
Vacuum-and-solvent-free fabrication of organic semiconductor layers for field-effect transistors
Authors: Matsushima Toshinori , Sandanayaka Atula S. D. , Esaki Yu , Adachi Chihaya 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe demonstrate that cold and hot isostatic pressing (CIP and HIP) is a novel, alternative method for organic semiconductor layer fabrication, where organic powder is compressed into a layer shape directly on a substrate with 200 MPa pressure. Spatial gaps between powder particles and the other particles, substrates, or electrodes are crushed after CIP and HIP, making it possible to operate organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) containing the compressed powder as the semiconductor. The CIP-compressed powder of 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (C8-BTBT) had a hole mobility of (1.6 ± 0.4) × 10–2 cm2/Vs. HIP of C8-BTBT powder increased the hole mobility to an amorphous silicon-like value (0.22 ± 0.07 cm2/Vs) because of the growth of the C8-BTBT crystallites and the improved continuity between the powder particles. The vacuum and solution processes are not involved in our CIP and HIP techniques, offering a possibility of manufacturing OFETs at low cost.
PTBP1 and PTBP2 impaired autoregulation of SRSF3 in cancer cells
Authors: Guo Jihua , Jia Jun , Jia Rong 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSplicing factors are key players in the regulation of alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs. Overexpression of splicing factors, including SRSF3, has been strongly linked with oncogenesis. However, the mechanisms behind their overexpression remain largely unclear. Autoregulation is a common mechanism to maintain relative stable expression levels of splicing factors in cells. SRSF3 regulates its own expression by enhancing the inclusion of an alternative exon 4 with an in-frame stop codon. We found that the inclusion of SRSF3 exon 4 is impaired in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. PTBP1 and PTBP2 bind to an exonic splicing suppressor in exon 4 and inhibit its inclusion, which results in overexpression of full length functional SRSF3. Overexpression of SRSF3, in turn, promotes PTBP2 expression. Our results suggest a novel mechanism for the overexpression of oncogenic splicing factor via impairing autoregulation in cancer cells.
Integrative analyses reveal transcriptome-proteome correlation in biological pathways and secondary metabolism clusters in A. flavus in response to temperature
Authors: Bai Youhuang , Wang Sen , Zhong Hong , Yang Qi , Zhang Feng , Zhuang Zhenhong , Yuan Jun , Nie Xinyi , Wang Shihua 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTo investigate the changes in transcript and relative protein levels in response to temperature, complementary transcriptomic and proteomic analyses were used to identify changes in Aspergillus flavus grown at 28 °C and 37 °C. A total of 3,886 proteins were identified and 2,832 proteins were reliably quantified. A subset of 664 proteins was differentially expressed upon temperature changes and enriched in several Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways: translation-related pathways, metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The changes in protein profiles showed low congruency with alterations in corresponding transcript levels, indicating that post-transcriptional processes play a critical role in regulating the protein level in A. flavus. The expression pattern of proteins and transcripts related to aflatoxin biosynthesis showed that most genes were up-regulated at both the protein and transcript level at 28 °C. Our data provide comprehensive quantitative proteome data of A. flavus at conducive and nonconducive temperatures.
A 3D map of the islet routes throughout the healthy human pancreas
Authors: Ionescu-Tirgoviste Constantin , Gagniuc Paul A. , Gubceac Elvira , Mardare Liliana , Popescu Irinel , Dima Simona , Militaru Manuella 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIslets of Langerhans are fundamental in understanding diabetes. A healthy human pancreas from a donor has been used to asses various islet parameters and their three-dimensional distribution. Here we show that islets are spread gradually from the head up to the tail section of the pancreas in the form of contracted or dilated islet routes. We also report a particular anatomical structure, namely the cluster of islets. Our observations revealed a total of 11 islet clusters which comprise of small islets that surround large blood vessels. Additional observations in the peripancreatic adipose tissue have shown lymphoid-like nodes and blood vessels captured in a local inflammatory process. Our observations are based on regional slice maps of the pancreas, comprising of 5,423 islets. We also devised an index of sphericity which briefly indicates various islet shapes that are dominant throughout the pancreas.
Optical Limiting and Theoretical Modelling of Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanosheets
Authors: Dong Ningning , Li Yuanxin , Feng Yanyan , Zhang Saifeng , Zhang Xiaoyan , Chang Chunxia , Fan Jintai , Zhang Long , Wang Jun 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNonlinear optical property of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) nanosheet dispersions, including MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2, was performed by using Z-scan technique with ns pulsed laser at 1064 nm and 532 nm. The results demonstrate that the TMDC dispersions exhibit significant optical limiting response at 1064 nm due to nonlinear scattering, in contrast to the combined effect of both saturable absorption and nonlinear scattering at 532 nm. Selenium compounds show better optical limiting performance than that of the sulfides in the near infrared. A liquid dispersion system based theoretical modelling is proposed to estimate the number density of the nanosheet dispersions, the relationship between incident laser fluence and the size of the laser generated micro-bubbles and hence the Mie scattering-induced broadband optical limiting behavior in the TMDC dispersions.
Asymmetric nanotopography biases cytoskeletal dynamics and promotes unidirectional cell guidance
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Driscoll Meghan K. , Guven Can , Das Satarupa , Parent Carole A. , Fourkas John T. , Losert Wolfgang 
Published: September 2015

Significance
Directed motion of cells is essential to many natural and physiological processes, including development and wound healing. Although gradients in chemical or physical properties are well known to guide cells, gradients that are strong enough to guide cells can only cover limited distances. Here we demonstrate that materials with local asymmetries in nano/microtopography on subcellular scales are able to guide cells with a single preferred direction. Unlike conventional gradients, local asymmetries on subcellular scales can be repeated over arbitrarily large regions, providing directional guidance over an unlimited range. This unidirectional guidance is mediated by biasing of the direction of waves of polymerization of the cell’s actin scaffolding, a mechanism that is conserved from primitive cells to human cells.