bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3 Tesla high‐resolution and delayed gadolinium enhanced MR imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) after autologous chondrocyte transplantation in the hip
Authors: Lazik Andrea , Körsmeier Konrad , Claßen Tim , Jäger Marcus , Kamminga Michael , Kraff Oliver , Lauenstein Thomas C. , Theysohn Jens M. , Landgraeber Stefan 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundTo evaluate the feasibility of 3 Tesla (T) high‐resolution and gadolinium enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) in the thin and rounded hip cartilage of patients after acetabular matrix‐based autologous chondrocyte transplantation (MACT).MethodsUnder general ethics approval, 24 patients were prospectively examined 6–31 months after acetabular MACT at 3T using high‐resolution proton‐density weighted (PDw) images (bilateral PD SPACE, 0.8 mm isotropic; unilateral PD‐TSE coronal/sagittal, 0.8 × 0.8 resp. 0.5 × 0.5 × 2.5 mm) as well as T1 mapping (3D‐FLASH, 0.78 mm isotropic) in dGEMRIC technique, and clinically scored. The cartilage transplant was evaluated using an adapted MOCART score (maximum 85 points). T1 relaxation times were measured independently by two radiologists. Here, regions of interest were placed manually in automatically calculated relaxation‐maps, both in the transplant and adjacent healthy cartilage regions. Interobserver reliability was estimated by means of intraclass‐correlation (ICC).ResultsThe transplant was morphologically definable in the PDw images of 23 patients with a mean MOCART score of 69 points (60–80 points, SD 6.5). T1 maps showed a clear differentiation between acetabular and femoral cartilage, but correlation with PDw images was necessary to identify the transplant. Mean T1 relaxation times of the transplant were 616.3 ms (observer 1) resp. 610.1 ms (observer 2), and of adjacent healthy acetabular cartilage 574.5 ms (observer 1) resp. 604.9 ms (observer 2). Interobserver reliability of the relaxation times in the transplant was excellent (ICC‐coefficient 0.88) and in adjacent healthy regions good (0.77).ConclusionHigh‐resolution PDw imaging with adapted MOCART scoring and dGEMRIC is feasible after MACT in the thin and rounded hip cartilage. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:624–633.
Thermoresponsive Gold Nanoparticles with Positive UCST‐Type Thermoresponsivity
Authors: Liu Fangyao , Agarwal Seema 
Published: December 2014

Trithiocarbonate end‐functionalized poly(N‐acryloylglycinamide) (PNAGA), synthesized via reversible addition–fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization of different molecular weights, is grafted onto gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by ligand exchange in phosphate‐buffered saline. The PNAGA‐grafted AuNPs display upper critical solution temperature (UCST)‐type transitions: stable colloidal distribution and aggregation above and below the cloud points, respectively. Cloud points of PNAGA are not affected by the grafting procedure, and PNAGA@AuNPs show similar cloud points as that of the trithiocarbonate end‐functionalized free‐PNAGAs used for grafting. The UCST‐type phase transition is reversible for many cycles. The reversible control of the phase transition is proved by turbidity measurements and UV–vis spectroscopy, as well as by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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Self‐Regulation in Flow‐Induced Structure Formation of Polypropylene
Authors: Roozemond Peter C. , van Drongelen Martin , Ma Zhe , Spoelstra Anne B. , Hermida‐Merino Daniel , Peters Gerrit W. M. 
Published: December 2014

Flow‐induced structure formation is investigated with in situ wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction with high acquisition rate (30 Hz) using isotactic polypropylene in a piston‐driven slit flow with high wall shear rates (up to ≈900 s−1). We focus on crystallization within the shear layers that form in the high shear rate regions near the walls. Remarkably, the kinetics of the crystallization process show no dependence on either flow rate or flow time; the crystallization progresses identically regardless. Stronger or longer flows only increase the thickness of the layers. A conceptual model is proposed to explain the phenomenon. Above a certain threshold, the number of shish‐kebabs formed affects the rheology such that further structure formation is halted. The critical amount is reached already within 0.1 s under the current flow conditions. The change in rheology is hypothesized to be a consequence of the “hairy” nature of shish. Our results have large implications for process modelling, since they suggest that for injection molding type flows, crystallization kinetics can be considered independent of deformation history.
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Auditory Exostoses in Pre‐Hispanic Populations of the Lower Paraná Wetlands, Argentina
Authors: Mazza B. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAuditory exostosis (AE) has been characterised from the medical and anthropological perspectives as an adaptive biological response to repeated immersion in cold water as well as exposure to cold environmental temperatures and wind chill. At the archaeological level, the highest prevalence has been found in societies living in coastal environments in areas located at 30–45° north or south latitude with a subsistence pattern based on fishing and mollusc gathering.The region of the lower Paraná River wetlands in Argentina is an area dissected by multiple rivers, streams, and lakes, especially in the Paraná delta near Buenos Aires where these features create a landscape composed of many islands. A variety of archaeological analyses performed on faunal remains, stone tools, bone, and ceramic artefacts are consistent with the interpretation that towards the end of the late Holocene (2000–700 BP), this region was inhabited by hunter–gatherer populations with a subsistence pattern based mainly on fishing and hunting along with the gathering of molluscs. In this work, we present an analysis of 176 crania of individuals recovered from 21 archaeological sites in the region. Results indicate the presence of AE in 6.25% of the cases, with all of these corresponding to adult male individuals. This moderate prevalence coincides with the expected levels for populations where contact with water is frequent in regions located at 30–45° latitude. The absence of female individuals showing evidence of AE allows us to suggest a possible sex‐based division of labour. We hope that this work can contribute to ongoing discussion of the economic and social aspects that characterised pre‐Hispanic life in the study area, while also expanding the available information on AE at the worldwide level. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adiabatic potential and elastic properties of compressed rare‐gas crystals in the model of deformable atoms
Authors: Varyukhin V. N. , Troitskaya E. P. , Gorbenko Ie. Ie. , Pilipenko E. A. , Chabanenko V. V. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe quantum‐mechanical model of deformable and polarizable atoms has been developed for the purpose of investigating the elastic properties of crystals of rare gases Ne, Kr, and Xe over a wide range of pressures. The inclusion of the deformable electron shells in the analysis is particularly important for the shear moduli of heavy rare‐gas crystals. It has been shown that the observed deviation from the Cauchy relation δ(p) for Kr and Xe cannot be adequately reproduced when considering only the many‐body interaction. The individual dependence δ(p) for each of the rare‐gas crystals is the result of two competitive interactions, namely, the many‐body and electron–phonon interactions, which manifests itself in a quadrupole deformation of the electron shells of the atoms due to displacements of the nuclei. The contributions of these interactions in Ne, Kr, and Xe are compensated with good accuracy, which provides a weakly pressure‐dependent value for the parameter δ. The ab initio calculated dependences δ(p) for the entire series Ne–Xe are in good agreement with the experiment.
Nonlinear robust sliding mode control of a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle based on immersion and invariance method
Authors: Zhao Bo , Xian Bin , Zhang Yao , Zhang Xu 
Published: December 2014

SummaryWe present an asymptotic tracking controller for an underactuated quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle using the sliding mode control method and immersion and invariance based adaptive control strategy in this paper. The control system is divided into two loops: the inner‐loop for the attitude control and the outer‐loop for the position. The sliding mode control technology is applied in the inner‐loop to compensate the unmatched nonlinear disturbances, and the immersion and invariance approach is chosen for the outer‐loop to address the parametric uncertainties. The asymptotic tracking of the position and the yaw motion is proven with the Lyapunov based stability analysis and LaSalle's invariance theorem. Real‐time experiment results performed on a hardware‐in‐the‐loop‐simulation testbed are presented to validate the good control performance of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human White and Brite Adipogenesis is Supported by MSCA1 and is Impaired by Immune Cells
Authors: Estève David , Boulet Nathalie , Volat Fanny , Zakaroff-Girard Alexia , Ledoux Séverine , Coupaye Muriel , Decaunes Pauline , Belles Chloé , Gaits-Iacovoni Frederique , Iacovoni Jason S. , Rémaury Anne , Castel Benjamin , Ferrara Pascual , Heymes Christophe , Lafontan Max , Bouloumié Anne , Galitzky Jean 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Obesity-associated inflammation contributes to the development of metabolic diseases. Although brite adipocytes have been shown to ameliorate metabolic parameters in rodents, their origin and differentiation remain to be characterized in humans. Native CD45−/CD34+/CD31− cells have been previously described as human adipocyte progenitors. Using two additional cell surface markers, MSCA1 (tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase) and CD271 (nerve growth factor receptor), we are able to partition the CD45−/CD34+/CD31− cell population into three subsets. We establish serum-free culture conditions without cell expansion to promote either white/brite adipogenesis using rosiglitazone, or bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), or specifically brite adipogenesis using 3-isobuthyl-1-methylxanthine. We demonstrate that adipogenesis leads to an increase of MSCA1 activity, expression of white/brite adipocyte-related genes, and mitochondriogenesis. Using pharmacological inhibition and gene silencing approaches, we show that MSCA1 activity is required for triglyceride accumulation and for the expression of white/brite-related genes in human cells. Moreover, native immunoselected MSCA1+ cells exhibit brite precursor characteristics and the highest adipogenic potential of the three progenitor subsets. Finally, we provided evidence that MSCA1+ white/brite precursors accumulate with obesity in subcutaneous adipose tissue (sAT), and that local BMP7 and inflammation regulate brite adipogenesis by modulating MSCA1 in human sAT. The accumulation of MSCA1+ white/brite precursors in sAT with obesity may reveal a blockade of their differentiation by immune cells, suggesting that local inflammation contributes to metabolic disorders through impairment of white/brite adipogenesis. Stem Cells 2015;33:1277–1291
Concise Review: Custodians of the Transcriptome: How MicroRNAs Guard Stemness in Squamous Epithelia
Authors: Ning Matthew S. , Andl Thomas 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
At the core of every dynamic epithelium resides a population of carefully regulated stem cells ensuring its maintenance and balance. The complex mammalian epidermis is no exception to this rule. The last decade has delivered a wealth of knowledge regarding the biology of adult stem cells, but questions still remain regarding the intricate details of their function and maintenance. To help address these gaps, we turn to the small, single-stranded RNA molecules known as microRNAs. Since their discovery, microRNAs have provided us with novel insights and ground-breaking impulses to enhance our understanding of the biological sciences. Due to their unique role in post-transcriptional regulation, microRNAs are essential to cutaneous biology as well as the epidermal stem cell. By serving as buffers to balance between epithelial stemness, proliferation, and differentiation, microRNAs play essential roles in the maintenance of cutaneous stem cells and their transition out of the stem cell compartment. Following an updated overview of microRNA biology, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of microRNAs in cutaneous stem cells, focusing on three major players that have dominated the recent literature: miR-205, miR-203, and miR-125b. We then review clinical applications, discussing the potential of microRNAs as therapeutic targets in regenerative and oncological stem cell-based medicine. Stem Cells 2015;33:1047–1054
Risk of Adrenocortical Carcinoma in Adrenal Tumours Greater than 8 cm
Authors: Abdel‐Aziz Tarek Ezzat , Rajeev Parameswaran , Sadler Greg , Weaver Andrew , Mihai Radu 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundAdrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a rare malignancy. In the absence of metastatic disease, the suspicion of ACC is based on size and radiological appearance. The aim of this study was to analyse the long‐term outcome of patients with large adrenal cortical tumours (>8 cm).MethodsA prospective database recorded clinical, biochemical, operative and histological data on patients operated for cortical adrenal tumours between January 2000 and February 2013. Out of 130 patients operated for cortical adrenal tumours, analysis was restricted to 37 cortical tumours >8 cm.ResultsThere were 31 (84 %) ACCs and 6 (16 %) benign adenomas (p < 0.01). The most common presentation was that of an abdominal mass [17 (55 %) vs. 3 (50 %), ACC vs. benign, respectively]. There was no difference in size between stage II and stage III–IV tumours; however, there was a trend for tumours to be heavier in advanced stages (920 ± 756 vs. 1,435 ± 1,022 g, p = 0.08, stage II vs. stage III–IV, respectively). No mortality was observed in patients with benign tumours during a median follow‐up of 70 months (range 36–99 months). Mortality in the ACC group occurred in 17/31 (55 %) patients. Mitotane was administered in 12 (71 %) patients with stage III–IV ACCs with a 5‐year survival rate 25 % compared to 20 % in patients who did not receive Mitotane. In stage II ACC, eight (57 %) patients received Mitotane with a 50 % mortality at 5 years.ConclusionsThe high incidence of ACC in cortical tumours >8 cm underlines the need for adequate surgical resection via open surgery aiming to avoid local recurrence. Beyond surgery, the impact of other therapies is not fully characterised and the efficacy of adjuvant Mitotane treatment is yet to be proven.
Social vulnerability in three high-poverty climate change hot spots: What does the climate change literature tell us?
Authors: Tucker Josephine , Daoud Mona , Oates Naomi , Few Roger , Conway Declan , Mtisi Sobona , Matheson Shirley 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

This paper reviews the state of knowledge on social vulnerability to climate change in three hot spots (deltas, semi-arid regions and snowpack- or glacier-fed river basins) in Africa, Central Asia and South Asia, using elements of systematic review methods. Social vulnerability is defined as a dynamic state of societies comprising exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. We examine whether the hot spots have specific characteristics that tend to increase or decrease social vulnerability, consider suitable scales of analysis for understanding vulnerability, and explore the conceptions of vulnerability adopted in the climate change literature and the nature of the insights this generates. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps in this literature. All three hot spots are characterized by high levels of natural resource dependence, with increasing environmental degradation. They also exhibit unequal policies and patterns of development, which benefit certain segments of society while making others more vulnerable. Vulnerability is driven by multiple factors operating at different scales; however, characterization of cross-scalar interactions is poorly developed in the majority of studies reviewed. Most studies are either large scale, such as broad comparisons of vulnerability across countries, or local, documenting community-level processes. Detailed understanding of the interactions between climate change impacts on natural systems, and socio-economic trajectories, including adaptation, also emerges as a knowledge gap.
Attraction ofCallosobruchus maculatus(F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) to four varieties ofLathyrus sativusL. seed volatiles
Authors: Adhikary P. , Mukherjee A. , Barik A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCallosobruchus maculatus(F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) is an important stored grain pest ofLathyrus sativusL. (Leguminosae), commonly known as khesari, in India, Bangladesh and Ethiopia. Volatiles were collected from four varieties, i.e., Bio L 212 Ratan, Nirmal B-1, WBK-14-7 and WBK-13-1 of uninfested khesari seeds, and subsequently identified and quantified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry and gas chromatography flame ionization detector analyses, respectively. A total of 23 volatiles were identified in the four varieties of khesari seeds. In Bio L 212 Ratan and WBK-13-1 seeds, nonanal was the most abundant followed by farnesyl acetone; whereas farnesyl acetone was predominant followed by nonanal in Nirmal B-1 and WBK-14-7 khesari seeds. The olfactory responses of femaleC. maculatustoward volatile blends from four varieties of khesari seeds, and individual synthetic compounds and their combinations were examined through Y-shaped glass tube olfactometer bioassays.Callosobruchus maculatusshowed significant preference for the whole volatile blends from Bio L 212 Ratan seeds compared to whole volatile blends from other three varieties. The insect exhibited attraction to five individual synthetic compounds, 3-octanone, 3-octanol, linalool oxide, 1-octanol and nonanal. A synthetic blend of 448, 390, 1182, 659 and 8114 ng/20 μl methylene chloride of 3-octanone, 3-octanol, linalool oxide, 1-octanol and nonanal, respectively, was most attractive toC. maculatus, and this combination might be used for insect pest management program such as baited traps.
Similar hats on similar heads: uniformity and alienation at the Rat Pack's Summit Conference of Cool
Authors: Calvert Dave 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis paper considers the nightclub shows of the Rat Pack, focussing particularly on The Summit performances at the Sands Hotel, Las Vegas, in 1960. Featuring Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Sammy Davis Jr, Peter Lawford and Joey Bishop, these shows encompassed musical, comic and dance routines, drawing on the experiences each member had in live vaudeville performance. The discussion outlines these individual histories, and draws attention to a shared fascination with impersonation, which forms an explicit and implicit part of the act, as the performers’ stage personas are already emulatory. In addition to the influence of vaudeville, the construction of the Rat Pack also draws on the structures of blackface minstrelsy, with the interactions of the five members being patterned on a fluid variant of the interlocutor–endmen relationships. The interweaving of these influences and performance styles underpins a dominant concern of the troupe, as the comic material frequently negotiates the racial, national and religious identities of the individual performers. In particular, this deals with their shared status of having immigrant ancestry, a status which I term as being ‘hyphenated-American’, suspended between historical, public and aspirational identities.
A 6-year follow-up study of adult patients with congenitally corrected transposition
Authors: Koželj Mirta , Cvijić Marta , Berden Pavel , Podnar Tomaž 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe aims of this study were to assess the development of heart failure in patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries in a medium-term follow-up, to identify the impact of tricuspid regurgitation on the development of heart failure, and to determine the most reliable marker for its identification. The prospective 6-year follow-up study included 19 adult patients. All patients were evaluated clinically by the determination of N-terminal pro-hormone brain natriuretic peptide levels, exercise stress testing, echocardiography magnetic resonance, or CT. Among them, two patients died of heart failure. There was a decline in exercise capacity and systolic systemic ventricular function (p=0.011). Systemic ventricular ejection fraction decreased (48.3±13.7 versus 42.7±12.7%, p=0.001). Tissue Doppler imaging showed a decline in peak tricuspid systolic annular velocity (10.3±2.0 versus 8.3±2.5 cm/second, p=0.032) and peak tricuspid early diastolic annular velocity (14.6±4.3 versus 12.0±4.5 cm/second, p=0.048). The tricuspid regurgitation did not increase significantly. N-terminal pro-hormone brain natriuretic peptide levels increased (127.0 ng/L(82.3–305.8) versus 226.0 ng/L(112.5–753.0), p=0.022). Progressive exercise intolerance in congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries appears to be driven mainly by a progression in systemic right ventricular dysfunction. Tricuspid regurgitation is likely to play a role, especially in patients with structural abnormalities of the tricuspid valve – Ebstein anomaly. The N-terminal pro-hormone brain natriuretic peptide levels and tissue Doppler parameters appear sensitive in detecting changes over time and may guide management.
FROM GREENWICH VILLAGE TO HOLLYWOOD: THE LITERARY APPRENTICESHIP OF SONYA LEVIEN
Authors: Rosenbloom Nancy J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSonya Levien (1888–1960) achieved a modicum of fame and fortune by writing stories and screenplays for Hollywood studios beginning in 1922 and ending only with her death. Her remarkable story began as the daughter of the immigrant working class and represents a narrative that took her from Greenwich Village to Hollywood. This essay explores her coming of age during the 1910s and, consequently, the process through which America invited those at the fringes to join in defining its national and civic creed. Herein lays the significance of Sonya Levien to an understanding of progressivism. By bridging the divides that separated Americans into groups defined by gender, class, ethnicity, and even politics, Levien engaged a number of the major issues of her day.
Dynamic Assessment: the Spanish Version of the Application of Cognitive Functions Scale
Authors: Mata Sara , Dolores Calero M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFor the last 30 years, the sphere of educational assessment has been giving consideration to methodology that would focus on the processes more than on the final results obtained. Dynamic Assessment has appeared within this context, making it possible to assess a child’s ability to improve on a certain task after receiving mediated training. One of the techniques developed to assess the learning potential of preschoolers is the Application of Cognitive Functions Scale (ACFS: Lidz & Jepsen, 2003). The objective of this study was to verify the criterion validity of the Spanish version of the ACFS which was applied to 87 children in the second year of preschool, at which time a learning potential index was obtained for each child. Two years later, the children were reassessed with respect to intelligence, metacognition and scholastic aptitudes. Results showed that learning potential presented evidences of predictive validity regarding to the progression showed on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test’s (K-BIT: Kaufman & Kauffman, 1994) matrices subtest (p= .04, η2= .04) and on the evaluation subtest of the metacognition questionnaire (p= .02, η2= .05). Results also showed significant differences between groups on the visual-perceptive aptitude subtest (p= .01) in favor of the children classified as learners.