bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is cardiac function impaired in premotor Parkinson's disease? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Palma Jose‐Alberto , Carmona‐Abellan Maria‐Mar , Barriobero Noelia , Trevino-Peinado Cristina , Garcia‐Lopez Martin , Fernandez‐Jarne Elena , Luquin Maria R. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to assess cardiovascular response during cardiac stress testing in neurologically asymptomatic individuals who developed motor features of Parkinson's disease several years after the cardiac stress testing. This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent cardiac stress testing between January 2001 and December 2010. Patients were followed until May 2012 to select those who developed Parkinson's disease. Heart rate and blood pressure both at rest and at peak exercise and heart rate variability at rest were recorded. For each patient who developed Parkinson's disease, 2 matched controls who did not develop Parkinson's disease at the end of the follow‐up period were selected. Patients who were diagnosed with Parkinson's disease the same day of cardiac stress testing also were selected for comparison purposes. After excluding participants who were lost to follow‐up, 2739 patients remained. From this cohort, 18 (11 men) had developed Parkinson's disease 4.27 ± 2.56 years after the cardiac stress test. Thirty‐six matched controls were selected. At peak exercise, the maximum heart rate and the percentage of theoretical maximum heart rate were significantly lower in patients who developed Parkinson's disease after cardiac stress testing compared with controls. The sensitivity of a maximum heart rate ≤ 143 beats per minute to predict a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease after a mean of 4.27 years was 83%, and the specificity was 62%. The results from this exploratory study demonstrate that chronotropic insufficiency may constitute an early sign of Parkinson's disease during the premotor phase, serving as potential risk factor for its diagnosis. Further investigations are needed in larger populations. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Determination of the Potential of Drug Candidates to Cause Severe Skin Disorders Using Computational Modeling
Authors: He Yuye , Chong Frederica Hui Ting , Lim Junianti , Lee Rina Jia Tien , Yap Chun Wei 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEfficient and accurate prediction for drugs’ potential to cause rare and severe adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is needed to facilitate the evaluation of risk‐benefit ratio of drug candidates during drug development. Severe skin disorders like the Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), which are life‐threatening dermatological conditions, are such ADRs that have not received sufficient attention so far. In this study, a total of 1127 marketed drugs were screened for their potential to cause SJS/TEN, of which 255 were found to cause SJS/TEN and 239 were unlikely to cause SJS/TEN. One‐class classification method was used to develop multiple prediction models. An applicability domain was determined to define the applicability of the model. Ensemble method was used to develop ensemble models to improve prediction ability. The final ensemble model achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 81 % and 67.4 %, respectively, when estimated using the external 5‐fold cross validation method, and a sensitivity of 66.7 % when assessed using an external positive set. The results suggest the methods used in this study are potentially useful for facilitating the prediction of rare and severe ADRs.
Pseudometrically constrained centroidal voronoi tessellations: Generating uniform antipodally symmetric points on the unit sphere with a novel acceleration strategy and its applications to diffusion and three‐dimensional radial MRI
Authors: Koay Cheng Guan 
Published: March 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this work is to investigate the hypothesis that uniform sampling measurements that are endowed with antipodal symmetry play an important role in image quality when the raw data and image data are related through the Fourier relationship. Currently, it is extremely challenging to generate large and uniform antipodally symmetric point sets suitable for three‐dimensional radial MRI. A novel approach is proposed to solve this long‐standing problem in a unique and optimal way.MethodsThe proposed method is based on constrained centroidal Voronoi tessellations of the upper hemisphere with a novel pseudometric.ResultsThe time complexity of the proposed tessellations was shown to be effectively linear, i.e., on the order of the number of sampling measurements. For small sample size, the proposed method was comparable with the state‐of‐the‐art method (a direct iterative minimization of the electrostatic potential energy of a collection of electrons antipodal‐symmetrically distributed on the unit sphere) in terms of the sampling uniformity. For large sample size, in which the state‐of‐the‐art method is infeasible, the reconstructed images from the proposed method has less streak and ringing artifacts, when compared with those of the commonly used methods.ConclusionThis work proposed a unique and optimal approach to solving a long‐standing problem in generating uniform sampling points for three‐dimensional radial MRI. Magn Reson Med 71:723–734, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishing a registry of children and young people with diabetes in north east England and north Cumbria
Authors: Blakey Karen , Johnson Gillian , McNally Richard JQ , Court Simon , Potts Adam , Stephenson Carolyn , Lamb Bill , Cheetham Timothy D 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe incidence of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents is rising. The associated public health burden is substantial with major implications for those involved in planning health care provision at all levels. The aetiology of diabetes in this age group is poorly understood, although both genetic and environmental factors are likely to be involved.Clinicians involved in the management of diabetes in the young in the Northern Region have wanted to establish a diabetes registry for more than two decades. With input and financial support from NHS Diabetes we have finally been able to establish a population‐based registry of all prevalent cases of diabetes diagnosed in children and young people (0–17 years) in north east England and north Cumbria. There are several unique features of the study region. Most notably, compared with other areas, it has little general outward migration and only includes a small ethnic minority community. We anticipate that the registry will provide an important regional data source for research, audit and service provision planning.The importance of regional registries is now being recognised, and we hope that a description of our recent experience will be useful to individuals involved in registry development elsewhere. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Relaxation dynamics of stretched polymer chains traced by shear induced Shish‐Kebab structure
Authors: Jiang Xi , Liao Qi , Zhou Jianjun , Wang Zhaohui , Chan Chiming , Li Lin 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTWe have developed a morphologic method to investigate the relaxation processing of the stretched polymer chains in melts, in which an atomic force microscope probe was used to shear the surface of an isotactic polypropylene melt to obtain the isolated shish‐kebab structure. We present the results of the time dependence of length of the isolated shish‐kebab structure and the stress dependence of the kebab density along the direction of shish in this paper. Our results demonstrate that the shear‐oriented polymer melts show the relaxation dynamics of worm‐like chain where the length deficit of the isolated shish‐kebab structure is scaled with the relaxation time as a power of 1/3. The melting behavior of shish‐kebab structure was also investigated. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 907–914
Volume recovery of polystyrene/silica nanocomposites
Authors: Cangialosi Daniele , Boucher Virginie M. , Alegría Angel , Colmenero Juan 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMacroscopic volume as well as capacitive dilatometry (CD) measurements have been performed on polystyrene/silica nanocomposites during the course of physical aging below the glass transition temperature (Tg). Our results show that the macroscopic volume recovery during physical aging is not affected by the presence of nanofillers, whereas the CD measurements, delivering also information on the polymer matrix density, show acceleration of the recovery with increasing the silica content. Hence, the main outcome of the present work is that the evolution of macroscopic and matrix densities are markedly different in polymer nanocomposites. We interpret these results invoking an equilibration mechanism based on volume holes diffusion. According to this model, excess free volume migration at the polymer/filler interface only modifies the matrix density, thereby explaining the faster recovery detected by CD measurements in comparison to the macroscopic volume one. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys., 2013
Internal friction in the particulate magnetoelectric composite (x)PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3–(1 − x)Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4
Authors: Kalgin A. V. , Gridnev S. A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe internal friction and shear modulus for the particulate magnetoelectric composite (x)PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3–(1 − x) Mn0.4Zn0.6Fe2O4 have been studied over a temperature range from room temperature to 670 K. In the vicinity of the ferroelectric phase transition temperature, we have observed the internal friction peak that is explained in terms of the fluctuation model. The “residual” internal friction near the ferroelectric Curie point has also been revealed. The “residual” internal friction is assumed to be due to the interaction of domain boundaries in PbZr0.53Ti0.47O3 with point defects.
A Position‐Space View on Chemical Bonding in Metal Diborides with AlB2Type of Crystal Structure
Authors: Wagner Frank R. , Baranov Alexey I. , Grin Yuri , Kohout Miroslav 
Published: March 2013

AbstractOn the basis of QTAIM and ELI‐D partitioning of position space two‐ and three‐center delocalization indices were calculated for fifteenMB2phases with the crystal structure of AlB2type. The bonding picture in main‐group metal diborides is closest related to graphite with dominant covalent B–B bonding, albeit with lower effective bond order. For MgB2an exceptionally large distant electron sharing was found. Transition‐metal diborides display smaller effective bond orders B–B but higher effective bond ordersTM–B andTM–TMthan main‐group metal diborides. The large chemical flexibility of this structure type is caused by counterbalancing effects of B–B bonding vs.M–B andM–Mbonding. Different three‐center fluctuation channels of bonds B–B are found for main‐group and transition‐metal diborides, namely B–B–B for the former and B–B–Mfor the latter. With the technique of ELI‐D/QTAIM intersection the increasing importance of B2→4Mbond charge fluctuations along each row of the periodic table can be recovered already at the topological level of analysis.
Pancreatic cancer causing acute pancreatitis: a comparative study with cancer patients without pancreatitis and pancreatitis patients without cancer
Authors: Minato Yohei , Kamisawa Terumi , Tabata Taku , Hara Seiichi , Kuruma Sawako , Chiba Kazuro , Kuwata Go , Fujiwara Takashi , Egashira Hideto , Koizumi Koichi , Saito Itaru , Endo Yuka , Koizumi Satomi , Fujiwara Junko , Arakawa Takeo , Momma Kumiko , Kurata Masanao , Honda Goro 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackground/purposeAlthough pancreatic cancer produces upstream obstructive pancreatitis, acute pancreatitis is a less common manifestation of pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to clarify the subgroup of pancreatic cancer patients who present with an episode of acute pancreatitis (Group I) in comparison with a matched group of pancreatic cancer patients without pancreatitis (Group II) and another group of acute pancreatitis patients without pancreatic cancer (Group III).MethodsThis was a retrospective comparative study of 18 patients in Group I, 300 patients in Group II and 141 patients in Group III.ResultsThe mean age of Group I was 63.7 years and the male to female ration was 1:0.3. Serum CA 19–9 levels were elevated in 80 %. The main pancreatic duct was incompletely obstructed in 7 patients. There were no significant differences in location of tumor, clinical stage, resection rate and survival months between Group I and II. Acute pancreatitis secondary to pancreatic cancer was more likely to be mild (94 vs. 72 %,p < 0.05) and relapsed (39 vs. 16 %,p < 0.05) compared with Group III.ConclusionsAnatomic evaluation of the pancreas should be performed in patients with acute pancreatitis with no obvious etiology, even if the pancreatitis is mild, to search for underlying malignancy.
Plasma HDL Reduces Nonesterified Fatty Acid Hydroperoxides Originating from Oxidized LDL: a Mechanism for Its Antioxidant Ability
Authors: Kotosai Mari , Shimada Sachiko , Kanda Mai , Matsuda Namiko , Sekido Keiko , Shimizu Yoshibumi , Tokumura Akira , Nakamura Toshiyuki , Murota Kaeko , Kawai Yoshichika , Terao Junji 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe antioxidant property of plasma high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) is thought to be involved in potential anti‐atherogenic effects but the exact mechanism is not known. We aimed to reveal the contribution of HDL on the elimination of lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH) derived from oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). Oxidized LDL prepared by copper ion‐induced oxidation contained nonesterified fatty acid hydroperoxides (FFA‐OOH) and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPtdCho), in addition to cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides (CE‐OOH) and phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxides (PtdCho‐OOH). A platelet‐activating factor‐acetylhydrolase (PAF‐AH) inhibitor suppressed formation of FFA‐OOH and lysoPtdCho in oxidized LDL. Among LOOH species, FFA‐OOH was preferentially reduced by incubating oxidized LDL with HDL. HDL exhibited selective FFA‐OOH reducing ability if it was mixed with a liposomal solution containing FFA‐OOH, CE‐OOH and PtdCho‐OOH. Two‐electron reduction of the hydroperoxy group to the hydroxy group was confirmed by the formation of 13‐hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid from 13‐hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid in HPLC analyses. This reducing effect was also found in apolipoprotein A‐1 (apoA‐1). FFA‐OOH released from PtdCho‐OOH due to PAF‐AH activity in oxidized LDL undergo two‐electron reduction by the reducing ability of apoA1 in HDL. This preferential reduction of FFA‐OOH may participate in the mechanism of the antioxidant property of HDL.
A human pluripotent carcinoma stem cell‐based model for in vitro developmental neurotoxicity testing: Effects of methylmercury, lead and aluminum evaluated by gene expression studies
Authors: Laurenza Incoronata , Pallocca Giorgia , Mennecozzi Milena , Scelfo Bibiana , Pamies David , Bal‐Price Anna 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe major advantage of the neuronal cell culture models derived from human stem cells is their ability to replicate the crucial stages of neurodevelopment such as the commitment of human stem cells to the neuronal lineage and their subsequent stages of differentiation into neuronal and glial‐like cell. In these studies we used mixed neuronal/glial culture derived from the NTERA‐2 (NT‐2) cell line, which has been established from human pluripotent testicular embryonal carcinoma cells. After characterization of the different stages of cell differentiation into neuronal‐ and glial‐like phenotype toxicity studies were performed to evaluate whether this model would be suitable for developmental neurotoxicity studies. The cells were exposed during the differentiation process to non‐cytotoxic concentrations of methylmercury chloride, lead chloride and aluminum nitrate for two weeks. The toxicity was then evaluated by measuring the mRNA levels of cell specific markers (neuronal and glial). The results obtained suggest that lead chloride and aluminum nitrate at low concentrations were toxic primarily to astrocytes and at the higher concentrations it also induced neurotoxicity. In contrast, MetHgCl was toxic for both cell types, neuronal and glial, as mRNA specific for astrocytes and neuronal markers were affected. The results obtained suggest that a neuronal mixed culture derived from human NT2 precursor cells is a suitable model for developmental neurotoxicity studies and gene expression could be used as a sensitive endpoint for initial screening of potential neurotoxic compounds.
Changes in plasma amyloid beta in a longitudinal study of aging and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Rembach Alan , Faux Noel G. , Watt Andrew D. , Pertile Kelly K. , Rumble Rebecca L. , Trounson Brett O. , Fowler Christopher J. , Roberts Blaine R. , Perez Keyla A. , Li Qiao‐Xin , Laws Simon M. , Taddei Kevin , Rainey‐Smith Stephanie , Robertson Joanne S. , Vandijck Manu , Vanderstichele Hugo , Barnham Kevin J. , Ellis Kathryn A. , Szoeke Cassandra , Macaulay Lance , Rowe Christopher C. , Villemagne Victor L. , Ames David , Martins Ralph N. , Bush Ashley I. , Masters Colin L. ,   AIBL research group
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundA practical biomarker is required to facilitate the preclinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsPlasma amyloid beta (Aβ)1–40, Aβ1–42, Aβn–40, and Aβn–42peptides were measured at baseline and after 18 months in 771 participants from the Australian Imaging Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging. Aβ peptide levels were compared with clinical pathology, neuroimaging and neuropsychological measurements.ResultsAlthough inflammatory and renal function covariates influenced plasma Aβ levels significantly, a decrease in Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40was observed in patients with AD, and was also inversely correlated with neocortical amyloid burden. During the 18 months, plasma Aβ1–42decreased in subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in those transitioning from healthy to MCI.ConclusionOur findings are consistent with a number of published plasma Aβ studies and, although the prognostic value of individual measures in any given subject is limited, the diagnostic contribution of plasma Aβ may demonstrate utility when combined with a panel of peripheral biomarkers.
Stationary ideal flow on a free surface of a given shape
Authors: Tophøj L. , Bohr T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe study the stationary, ideal flow on a free fluid surface with a prescribed shape. It is demonstrated that the flow is governed by a self-contained set of equations for the surface flow field without any reference to the bulk flow. To write down these equations for arbitrary surfaces, we apply a covariant formulation using Riemannian geometry and we show how to include surface tension and velocity-dependent forces such as the Coriolis force. We write down explicitly the equations for cases where the surface elevation can be written as function of either Cartesian or polar coordinates in the plane, and we obtain solutions for the important case of rotational symmetry and the perturbed flow when this symmetry is slightly broken. To understand the general character and solubility of the equations, we introduce the associated dynamical system describing the motion along the streamlines. The existence of orbits with transversal intersections, as well as quasi-periodic and chaotic solutions, show that not all boundary value problems are well-posed. In the particular case of unforced motion the streamlines are geodesic curves and in this case the existence of a non-trivial surface velocity field requires that the surface can be foliated by a family of non-intersecting geodesic curves.
ThePennyles Pilgrimageof John Taylor: Poverty, Mobility and Performance in Seventeenth-Century Literary Circles
Authors: SANDERS JULIE 
Published: March 2013

Abstract:In this article I ask what it means for cartographical, social, economic and political understandings of poverty and mobility when the ‘geography of vagrancy’, as A. L. Beier termed it, is re-staged and reconfigured in specific acts of writing and even specific acts of walking. Invoking a range of public performances as well as print and manuscript publications by recognised literary figures of the day, including work by Ben Jonson and John Taylor, I concentrate on one particular literary remaking of the everyday experiences of the mobile poor in Taylor's 1618 published pamphletThe Pennyles Pilgrimage or The Money-lesse perambulation, of Iohn Taylor, Alias the Kings Majesties Water-Poet. What Taylor understood when engaging with the ‘geography of vagrancy’ in his challenging text was that the act of mapping the spatial world of the itinerant poor required considerable thought not only about the spaces inhabited, albeit temporarily, or travelled through, but also the ways in which the mobile poor performed such spaces. In turn, Taylor's own performance can be understood as a contradictory act of commercial enterprise and self-promotion as well as one that gives literary historians significant access to contemporary imaginings of the specific socioeconomic and spatial conditions of poverty and mobility.
Irus and his Jovial Crew: Representations of Beggars in Vincent Bourne and other Eighteenth-Century Writers of Latin Verse
Authors: GILMORE JOHN T. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAlastair Fowler has written, with reference to the time of Milton, of ‘Latin's special role in a bilingual culture’, and this was still true in the early eighteenth century. The education of the elite placed great emphasis on the art of writing Latin verse and modern, as well as ancient, writers of Latin continued to be widely read. Collections of Latin verse, by individual writers such as Vincent Bourne (c. 1694–1747) or by groups such as Westminster schoolboys or bachelors of Christ Church, Oxford, could run into multiple editions, and included poems on a wide range of contemporary topics, as well as reworkings of classical themes. This paper examines a number of eighteenth-century Latin poems dealing with beggars, several of which are here translated for the first time. Particular attention is paid to the way in which the Latin poems recycled well-worn tropes about beggary which were often at variance with the experience of real-life beggars, and to how the specificities of Latin verse might heighten negative representations of beggars in a genre which, as a manifestation of elite culture, appealed to the very class which was politically and legally responsible for controlling them.
BROUWER’S WEAK COUNTEREXAMPLES AND TESTABILITY: FURTHER REMARKS
Authors: MCCARTY CHARLES 
Published: March 2013

AbstractStraightforwardly and strictly intuitionistic inferences show that the Brouwer– Heyting–Kolmogorov (BHK) interpretation, in the presence of a formulation of the recognition principle, entails the validity of the Law of Testability: that the form ¬ f V ¬¬ f is valid. Therefore, the BHK and recognition, as described here, are inconsistent with the axioms both of intuitionistic mathematics and of Markovian constructivism. This finding also implies that, if the BHK and recognition are suitably formulated, then Brouwer’s original weak counterexample reasoning was fallacious. The results of the present article extend and refine those of McCarty, C. (2012). Antirealism and Constructivism: Brouwer’s Weak Counterexamples. The Review of Symbolic Logic. First View. Cambridge University Press.