bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
eyeSelfie
Authors: Swedish Tristan , Roesch Karin , Lee Ik-Hyun , Rastogi Krishna , Bernstein Shoshana , Raskar Ramesh 
Published: July 2015

Eye alignment to the optical system is very critical in many modern devices, such as for biometrics, gaze tracking, head mounted displays, and health. We show alignment in the context of the most difficult challenge: retinal imaging. Alignment in retinal imaging, even conducted by a physician, is very challenging due to precise alignment requirements and lack of direct user eye gaze control. Self-imaging of the retina is nearly impossible.
We frame this problem as a user-interface (UI) challenge. We can create a better UI by controlling the eye box of a projected cue. Our key concept is to exploit the reciprocity, "If you see me, I see you", to develop near eye alignment displays. Two technical aspects are critical: a) tightness of the eye box and (b) the eye box discovery comfort. We demonstrate that previous pupil forming display architectures are not adequate to address alignment in depth. We then analyze two ray-based designs to determine efficacious fixation patterns. These ray based displays and a sequence of user steps allow lateral (x, y) and depth (z) wise alignment to deal with image centering and focus. We show a highly portable prototype and demonstrate the effectiveness through a user study.
Enhancing Roentgen Sensitivity of Gold-Doped CdIn2S4 Thiospinel for X-Ray Detection Applications
Authors: Mustafaeva Solmaz  N. , Asadov MirSalim  M. , Guseinov Djahan  T. 
Published: July 2015

The single crystals CdIn2S4Au were grown from preliminarily synthesized polycrystals by the method of chemical transport reactions in a closed volume with iodine used as a carrier. The influence of doping CdIn2S4 single crystals by gold (3 mol %) on their X-ray dosimetric parameters is studied. It is found that the X-ray sensitivity coefficients of CdIn2S4Au crystals increase 6–8 times compared with undoped CdIn2S4 at effective radiation hardness Va= 25–50 keV and dose rate E=0.75–78.05 R/min. Moreover, the persistence of the crystal characteristics completely disappears and the supple voltage of a CdIn2S4Au roentgen detector decreases threefold. The dependence of the steady X-ray-induced current in CdIn2S4Au on the X-ray dose is described by linear law. The studied crystals have a rather high room-temperature X-ray sensitivity (K=2·10-9–1.5·10-8 (A·min)/(R·V)) and are attractive as materials for X-ray detectors.
Informacja o badaniach terenowych w rejonie postawskim obwodu witebskiego na Białorusi
Authors: Гущева  [Gushcheva] Ольга [Ol'ga] 
Published: July 2015

Information about field research in Postavsky district of Vitebsk region in BelarusThe article begins with a brif presentation of this multiethnic and multicultural region (main historical events, towns and villages, churches of different religions). An interdisciplinary field research in Postavsky district was conducted in July–August 2011. The aim of the research was gathering data concerning sociocultural aspects of local Polish community life, such as identity, historical memory, sociolinguistic situation, national stereotypes, system of values. The main method was an interview. We based on two dialectological questionnaires while examining the local Polish and Belarusian vocabulary. The interview records with a brif description of contents will be available on internet site of Fundacja Slawistyczna and it will be useful for different humanists such as dialectologists, sociolinguists, etnologists, sociologists, historians. Информация о полевых исследованиях в Поставском районе Витебской областиВ начале статьи коротко представлена основная информация, касающаяся этого полинационального и поликультурного региона (основные исторические события, основные местечки и деревни, святыни разных конфессий). Интердисциплинарное исследование в Поставском районе Витебской области проводилось в июле–августе 2011 года. Целью исследования был сбор материала, касающегося социокультурных аспектов функционирования представителей польского меньшинства в данном регионе, таких как идентичность, историческая память, социолингвистическая ситуация, национальные стереотипы, система ценностей. Основным методом исследования являлось интервью; лексика местного польского и белорусского говоров опрашивалaсь по двум диалектологическим опросникам. Аудиозаписи интервью с коротким описанием их содержания будут размещены на интернет странице Славистического фонда (Fundacja Slawistyczna). Содержащийся в них материал может быть полезен представителям различных гуманитарных дисциплин: диалектологам, социолингвистам, этнологам, социологам, историкам.
Changes in Tropical Cyclone Activity over Northwest Western Australia in the Past 50 Years and a View of the Future 50 Years
Authors: Ren Diandong , Leslie Lance M. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In the first half of this research, this study examines the trend in tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the economically important northwest Western Australia (NWA) TC basin (equator–40°S, 80°–140°E) based on statistical analyses of the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) and large-scale environmental variables, which are known to be closely linked to the formation and longevity of TCs, from NCEP–NCAR reanalyses. In the second half, changes in TC activity from climate model projections for 2000–60 are compared for (i) no scenario change (CNTRL) and (ii) the moderate IPCC Special Report on Emission Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario (EGHG). The aims are to (i) determine differences in mean annual TC frequency and intensity trends, (ii) test for differences between genesis and decay positions of CNTRL and EGHG projections using a nonparametric permutation test, and (iii) use kernel density estimation (KDE) for a cluster analysis of CNTRL and EGHG genesis and decay positions and generate their probability distribution functions.
The main findings are there is little difference in the mean TC number over the period, but there is a difference in mean intensity; CNTRL and EGHG projections differ in mean genesis and decay positions in both latitude and longitude; and the KDE reveals just one cluster in both CNTRL and EGHG mean genesis and decay positions. The EGHG KDE is possibly disjoint, with a wider longitudinal spread. The results can be explained in terms of physical, meteorological, and sea surface temperature (SST) conditions, which provide natural limits to the spread of the genesis and decay points.
Diagnosing Rain Occurrences Using Passive Microwave Imagery: A Comparative Study on Probabilistic Graphical Models and “Black Box” Models
Authors: Wei Chih-Chiang , Jiing-Yun You Gene , Chen Li , Chou Chien-Chang , Roan Jinsheng 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRainfall is a fundamental process in the hydrologic cycle. This study investigated the cause–effect relationship in which precipitation at lower frequencies affects the amount of emitted radiation and at higher frequencies affects the amount of backscattered terrestrial radiation. Because the advantage of a probabilistic graphical model is its graphical representation, which allows easy causality interpretation using the arc directions, two Bayesian networks (BNs) were used, namely, a naïve Bayes classifier and a tree-augmented naïve Bayes model. To empirically evaluate and compare BN-based models, “black box”–based models, including nearest-neighbor searches and artificial neural network (ANN)-based multilayer perceptron and logistic regression, were used as benchmarks. For the two study regions—namely, the Tanshui River basin in northern Taiwan and Chianan Plain in southern Taiwan—rain occurrences during typhoon seasons were examined using passive microwave imagery recorded using the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder. The results show that although black box models exhibit excellent prediction ability, interpretation of their behavior is unsatisfactory. By contrast, probabilistic graphical models can explicitly reveal the causal relationship between brightness temperatures and nonrain/rain discrimination. For the Tanshui River basin, 19.35-, 22.23-, 37.0-, and 85.5-GHz vertically polarized brightness temperatures were found to diagnose rain occurrences. For the Chianan Plain, a more sensitive indicator of rain-scattering signals was obtained using 85-GHz measurements. The results demonstrate the potential use of BNs in identifying rain occurrences in regions with land features comprising various absorbing and scattering materials.
The Influence of the Ocean on Typhoon Nuri (2008)*
Authors: Sun Jingru , Oey Lie-Yauw 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Typhoon Nuri (2008) was 1 of approximately 120 typhoons in the past 60 years that passed through a narrow gap, the Luzon Strait, connecting the western North Pacific and the South China Sea (SCS). In total 70% of these storms, including Nuri, reached their maximum intensities over the warm waters east of Luzon and in the Kuroshio, then rapidly weakened in the SCS. Numerical experiments were conducted to understand the intensity change of Nuri. Westward across the Kuroshio in the Luzon Strait, the 26°C isotherm shallows rapidly by half. This and stronger mixing by wind–ocean resonance preferentially cooled sea surface temperature and weakened the typhoon in SCS. A positive-feedback mechanism is then described to explain the intensification of Nuri over the western North Pacific.
Endoscopic Assessment of Swallowing After Prolonged Intubation in the ICU Setting
Authors: Scheel Rebecca , Pisegna Jessica M. , McNally Edel , Noordzij Jacob Pieter , Langmore Susan E. 
Published: July 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency of swallowing dysfunction after extubation in a sample of patients with no preexisting dysphagia. Methods: Mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU with no prior history of dysphagia received a flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) exam within 72 hours after extubation. The FEES was then analyzed for variables related to swallowing patterns and laryngeal pathology. Univariate analyses were performed to identify relationships between variables. Results: Fifty-nine patients were included in this study. After extubation, 21 (35.6%) penetrated and 13 (22.0%) aspirated. The mean days intubated was 9.4 ± 6.1. Various forms of laryngeal injury were associated with worse swallowing scores, and delayed onset of the swallow was a common finding in all patients post extubation. Of the 44 participants evaluated ≤24 hours post extubation, 56.8% penetrated/aspirated. Of the 15 patients evaluated >24 hours post extubation, 60.0% penetrated/aspirated. Conclusions: This study found a high frequency of dysphagia after prolonged intubation in patients with no preexisting dysphagia. Important variables leading to dysphagia are often overlooked, such as swallowing delay and laryngeal pathology. The timing of swallowing assessments did not reveal any difference in dysphagia frequency, suggesting that it might not be necessary to wait to perform dysphagia screens or evaluations.
Trends in Inpatient Pediatric Polysomnography for Laryngomalacia and Craniofacial Anomalies
Authors: Tawfik Kareem O. , Sedaghat Ahmad R. , Ishman Stacey L. 
Published: July 2015

Objective: Increasingly, laryngomalacia and craniofacial anomalies are recognized as risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea. We sought to determine whether children with these diagnoses have become more likely to undergo inpatient polysomnogram (PSG) over time and to identify evolving trends in PSG utilization. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the Kids’ Inpatient Database from 2003 to 2012. Children <21 years who underwent PSG were included. Weighted comparisons of clinical/demographic characteristics of patients undergoing PSG were performed, as were associations between clinical and demographic patient characteristics and performance of inpatient PSG. Results: Between 2003 and 2012, PSG procedures decreased from 1266 to 829 ( P < .001). Among children who underwent PSG, mean age decreased from 3.9 ± 5.1 to 3.1 ± 5.2 years ( P = .001), and the frequency of age <1 year increased from 47.8% to 59.5% ( P < .001). The frequency of laryngomalacia increased from 2.5% to 14.3% ( P < .001), while the frequency of craniofacial anomalies increased from 6.2% to 19.4% ( P < .001). Laryngomalacia and craniofacial anomalies were predictive of undergoing inpatient PSG in both timeframes. Conclusion: Despite decreasing PSG volumes, diagnoses of laryngomalacia and craniofacial anomalies comprised increasing fractions of children undergoing inpatient PSG between 2003 and 2012. Laryngomalacia and craniofacial anomalies were also predictive of inpatient PSG use in both timeframes.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Jayawardena Asitha D. L. , Shearer A. Eliot , Smith Richard J. H. 
Published: July 2015

ObjectiveTo determine how practicing clinicians evaluate patients with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and to analyze the cost‐effectiveness of current algorithms in the evaluation of these patients.Study Design/SettingAn interactive online survey allowing respondents to order diagnostic testing in the evaluation of 4 simulated patients with SNHL across 2 testing encounters per patient.Subjects and MethodsThe survey was distributed to clinician members of the American Society of Pediatric Otolaryngology and the American Society of Human Genetics between May and August 2014. Statistical tests included chi‐square and nonparametric testing with Mann‐Whitney U test.ResultsOtolaryngologists were significantly more likely than other clinicians to order repeat audiometric testing and significantly less likely to order genetic testing. Respondents who completed training more recently were significantly more likely to order magnetic resonance imaging and electrocardiogram. On average, respondents spent $4756 in the evaluation of a single patient, with otolaryngologists spending significantly more than other clinicians. Computed tomography of the temporal bone (40%), ophthalmology consultation (39%), and genetics consultation (37%) were ordered most frequently in the first encounter. Comprehensive genetic testing was ordered least frequently on the first encounter (20%) but was the most frequently ordered test on the second encounter (30%).ConclusionRecent guidelines advocate comprehensive genetic testing in the evaluation of patients with SNHL, as early genetic testing can prevent uninformative additional tests that otherwise increase health care expenditures. Results from this survey indicate that comprehensive genetic testing is now frequently but not uniformly included in evaluation of patients with SNHL.
Trends in Utilization of Vocal Fold Injection Procedures
Authors: Rosow David E. 
Published: July 2015

Office‐based vocal fold injections have become increasingly popular over the past 15 years. Examination of trends in procedure coding for vocal fold injections in the United States from 2000 to 2012 was undertaken to see if they reflect this shift. The US Part B Medicare claims database was queried from 2000 through 2012 for multiple Current Procedural Terminology codes. Over the period studied, the number of nonoperative laryngoscopic injections (31513, 31570) and operative medialization laryngoplasties (31588) remained constant. Operative vocal fold injection (31571) demonstrated marked linear growth over the 12‐year study period, from 744 procedures in 2000 to 4788 in 2012—an increase >640%. The dramatic increased incidence in the use of code 31571 reflects an increasing share of vocal fold injections being performed in the operating room and not in an office setting, running counter to the prevailing trend toward awake, office‐based injection procedures.
Evaluation of School of health students' ethics position in Turkey
Authors: Şen Emine , Dal Nursel Alp , Üstün Çağatay , Okursoy Algın 
Published: July 2015

Background: The advances in science and technology increasingly lead to the appearance of ethical issues and to the complexity of care. Therefore, it is important to define the ethics position of students studying in health departments so that high quality patient care can be achieved. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the ethics position of the students at Shool of Health of an University in western Turkey. Methods: The study design was descriptive and cross-sectional. The study population included 540 first, second, third, and fourth year students from the Departments of Nursing, Midwifery, and Rescue and Disaster Management in the 2013–2014 academic year. Data were collected with a Personal Identification Form and The Ethics Position Questionnaire. Obtained data were analyzed with Chi-square test, Confirmatory Factor Analysis, and Nested Analysis of Variance. Ethical considerations: Before conducting the research, approval was obtained from Ege University Clinical Research Ethics Committee in İzmir and written informed consent was taken from all the participants. Findings: There was no significant difference in the mean scores for the Ethics Position Questionnaire between the students in terms of years and fields of study. Although the mean scores for the subscale idealism did not differ between fields of study, the mean scores significantly differed between years of study. However, the mean scores for the subscale relativism did not differ in terms of years and fields of study. Discussion: Whether students are idealistic or relativistic in terms of ethical judgment will be effective in ethical decision-making skills during patient care. Therefore, we need to define the factors that influence students’ ethics position in the future. Conclusion: It is suggested that the courses and practices that teach students to be aware of their ethics position to create an ethical outlook can be placed in the curriculum in health schools.
Brain gliomas presenting with symptoms of spinal cord metastasis
Authors: Mariniello Giuseppe , Peca Carmela , Del Basso De Caro Marialaura , Carotenuto Biagio , Formicola Fabiana , Elefante Andrea , Maiuri Francesco 
Published: July 2015

Three patients with brain gliomas (aged 41, 37, and 43 years) presented spinal cord symptoms as first neurological presentation (two cases) or at anaplastic progression (one case). Histologically, two cases were anaplastic (WHO III) astrocytomas and one anaplastic (WHO III) oligodendroglioma. The spinal surgery consisted of partial tumor resection in two cases with localized spinal cord metastasis, and tumor biopsy in another with diffuse spreading to the conus and cauda. Spinal irradiation was performed in one case. The time interval between the spinal surgery and the appearance of brain symptoms was very short (1 month or less). Two patients underwent brain surgery (tumor resection in one and stereotactic biopsy in another). The survival time was very short (2 and 3 months) in the two patients with anaplastic astrocytoma, whereas the patient with anaplastic oligodendroglioma survived 1 year after the spinal surgery. Brain gliomas may exceptionally present with symptoms of a spinal cord metastasis. The magnetic resonance imaging finding of a spinal cord enhancing lesion, particularly if associated with root enhancement, should suggest the presence of a brain glioma. In cases with a localized spinal lesion, an early spinal surgery is advised for both diagnosis and decompression of the nervous structures. However, the clinical outcome is poor and the survival time is short.
An integrated multi-study analysis of intra-subject variability in cerebrospinal fluid amyloid-β concentrations collected by lumbar puncture and indwelling lumbar catheter
Authors: Lucey Brendan P. , Gonzales Celedon , Das Ujjwas , Li Jinhe , Siemers Eric R. , Slemmon J. Randall , Bateman Randall J. , Huang Yafei , Fox Gerard B. , Claassen Jurgen A.H.R. , Slats Diane , Verbeek Marcel M. , Tong Gary , Soares Holly , Savage Mary J. , Kennedy Matthew , Forman Mark , Sjögren Magnus , Margolin Richard , Chen Xia , Farlow Martin R. , Dean Robert A. , Waring Jeffrey F. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Amyloid-β (Aβ) has been investigated as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic drug target. Recent studies found that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Aβ fluctuates over time, including as a diurnal pattern, and increases in absolute concentration with serial collection. It is currently unknown what effect differences in CSF collection methodology have on Aβ variability. In this study, we sought to determine the effect of different collection methodologies on the stability of CSF Aβ concentrations over time.

Methods
Grouped analysis of CSF Aβ levels from multiple industry and academic groups collected by either lumbar puncture (n=83) or indwelling lumbar catheter (n=178). Participants were either placebo or untreated subjects from clinical drug trials or observational studies. Participants had CSF collected by lumbar puncture or lumbar catheter for quantitation of Aβ concentration by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Data from all sponsors was converted to percent of the mean for Aβ40 and Aβ42 for comparison. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to assess for factors affecting the linear rise of Aβ concentrations over time.

Results
Analysis of studies collecting CSF via lumbar catheter revealed tremendous inter-subject variability of Aβ40 and Aβ42 as well as an Aβ diurnal pattern in all of the sponsors’ studies. In contrast, Aβ concentrations from CSF samples collected at two time points by lumbar puncture showed no significant differences. Repeated measures analysis of variance found that only time and draw frequency were significantly associated with the slope of linear rise in Aβ40 and Aβ42 concentrations during the first 6 hours of collection.

Conclusions
Based on our findings, we recommend minimizing the frequency of CSF draws in studies measuring Aβ levels and keeping the frequency standardized between experimental groups. The Aβ diurnal pattern was noted in all sponsors’ studies and was not an artifact of study design. Averaging Aβ concentrations at each time point is recommended to minimize the effect of individual variability. Indwelling lumbar catheters are an invaluable research tool for following changes in CSF Aβ over 24-48 hours, but factors affecting Aβ concentration such as linear rise and diurnal variation need to be accounted for in planning study designs.