bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grape Polyphenols Prevent Fructose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance in First-Degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Hokayem Marie , Blond Emilie , Vidal Hubert , Lambert Karen , Meugnier Emmanuelle , Feillet-Coudray Christine , Coudray Charles , Pesenti Sandra , Luyton Cedric , Lambert-Porcheron Stéphanie , Sauvinet Valerie , Fedou Christine , Brun Jean-Frédéric , Rieusset Jennifer , Bisbal Catherine , Sultan Ariane , Mercier Jacques , Goudable Joelle , Dupuy Anne-Marie , Cristol Jean-Paul , Laville Martine , Avignon Antoine 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
To assess the clinical efficacy of nutritional amounts of grape polyphenols (PPs) in counteracting the metabolic alterations of high-fructose diet, including oxidative stress and insulin resistance (IR), in healthy volunteers with high metabolic risk.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Thirty-eight healthy overweight/obese first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients (18 men and 20 women) were randomized in a double-blind controlled trial between a grape PP (2 g/day) and a placebo (PCB) group. Subjects were investigated at baseline and after 8 and 9 weeks of supplementation, the last 6 days of which they all received 3 g/kg fat-free mass/day of fructose. The primary end point was the protective effect of grape PPs on fructose-induced IR.

RESULTS
In the PCB group, fructose induced 1) a 20% decrease in hepatic insulin sensitivity index (P &lt; 0.05) and an 11% decrease in glucose infusion rate (P &lt; 0.05) as evaluated during a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, 2) an increase in systemic (urinary F2-isoprostanes) and muscle (thiobarbituric acid–reactive substances and protein carbonylation) oxidative stress (P &lt; 0.05), and 3) a downregulation of mitochondrial genes and decreased mitochondrial respiration (P &lt; 0.05). All the deleterious effects of fructose were fully blunted by grape PP supplementation. Antioxidative defenses, inflammatory markers, and main adipokines were affected neither by fructose nor by grape PPs.

CONCLUSIONS
A natural mixture of grape PPs at nutritional doses efficiently prevents fructose-induced oxidative stress and IR. The current interest in grape PP ingredients and products by the global food and nutrition industries could well make them a stepping-stone of preventive nutrition.
Early-Onset, Coexisting Autoimmunity and Decreased HLA-Mediated Susceptibility Are the Characteristics of Diabetes in Down Syndrome
Authors: Aitken Rachel J. , Mehers Kay L. , Williams Alistair J. , Brown Jamie , Bingley Polly J. , Holl Reinhard W. , Rohrer Tilman R. , Schober Edith , Abdul-Rasoul Majedah M. , Shield Julian P.H. , Gillespie Kathleen M. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
Down syndrome (DS) is associated with an increased risk of diabetes, particularly in young children. HLA-mediated risk is however decreased in children with DS and diabetes (DSD). We hypothesized that early-onset diabetes in children with DS is etiologically different from autoimmune diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Clinical and immunogenetic markers of autoimmune diabetes were studied in 136 individuals with DSD and compared with 194 age- and sex-matched individuals with type 1 diabetes, 222 with DS, and 671 healthy controls. HLA class II was analyzed by sequence-specific primed PCR. Islet autoantibodies were measured by radioimmunoassay.

RESULTS
Age at onset of diabetes was biphasic, with 22% of DS children diagnosed before 2 years of age, compared with only 4% in this age-group with type 1 diabetes in the general population (P &lt; 0.0001). The frequency of the highest-risk type 1 diabetes–associated HLA genotype, DR3-DQ2/DR4-DQ8, was decreased in both early- and later-onset DSD compared with age-matched children with type 1 diabetes (P &lt; 0.0001), although HLA DR3-DQ2 genotypes were increased (P = 0.004). Antibodies to GAD were observed in all five samples tested from children diagnosed at ≤2 years of age, and persistent islet autoantibodies were detected in 72% of DSD cases. Thyroid and celiac disease were diagnosed in 74 and 14%, respectively, of the DSD cohort.

CONCLUSIONS
Early-onset diabetes in children with DS is unlikely to be etiologically different from autoimmune diabetes occurring in older DS children. Overall, these studies demonstrate more extreme autoimmunity in DSD typified by early-onset diabetes with multiple autoimmunity, persistent islet autoantibodies, and decreased HLA-mediated susceptibility.
The Effects of n-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Biomarkers of Kidney Injury in Adults With Diabetes
Authors: Miller Edgar R. , Juraschek Stephen P. , Anderson Cheryl A. , Guallar Eliseo , Henoch-Ryugo Karen , Charleston Jeanne , Turban Sharon , Bennett Michael R. , Appel Lawrence J. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE
Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplements may have renoprotective effects in patients with diabetes, but previous trials have been inconsistent. We performed a randomized controlled trial of n-3 PUFA supplementation on urine albumin excretion and markers of kidney injury in adults with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover trial to test the effects of 4 g/day of n-3 PUFA supplementation on markers of glomerular filtration and kidney injury in adults with adult-onset diabetes and greater than or equal to trace amounts of proteinuria. Each period lasted 6 weeks and was separated by a 2-week washout. The main outcome was urine albumin excretion and, secondarily, markers of kidney injury (kidney injury molecule-1, N-acetyl β-d-glucosaminidase [NAG], neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin [NGAL], and liver fatty acid–binding protein [LFABP]), serum markers of kidney function (cystatin C, β2-microglobulin, and creatinine), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

RESULTS
Of the 31 participants, 29 finished both periods. A total of 55% were male, and 61% were African American; mean age was 67 years. At baseline, mean BMI was 31.6 kg/m2, median eGFR was 76.9 mL/min/1.73 m2, and median 24-h urine albumin excretion was 161 mg/day. Compared with placebo, n-3 PUFA had nonsignificant effects on urine albumin excretion (−7.2%; 95% CI −20.6 to 8.5; P = 0.35) and significant effects on urine NGAL excretion (−16% [−29.1 to −0.5%]; P = 0.04). There was no effect on serum markers of kidney function or eGFR. In subgroup analyses, there were significant decreases in 24-h urinary excretion of albumin, NGAL, LFABP, and NAG among participants taking medications that block the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).

CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest a potential effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on markers of kidney injury in patients with diabetes and early evidence of kidney disease. In the context of prior studies, these results provide a strong rationale for long-term trials of n-3 PUFA on chronic kidney disease progression.
Food Insecurity in Relation to Changes in Hemoglobin A1c, Self-Efficacy, and Fruit/Vegetable Intake During a Diabetes Educational Intervention
Authors: Lyles Courtney R. , Wolf Michael S. , Schillinger Dean , Davis Terry C. , DeWalt Darren , Dahlke Allison R. , Curtis Laura , Seligman Hilary K. 
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVEFood insecurity is hypothesized to make diabetes self-management more difficult. We conducted a longitudinal assessment of food insecurity with several diabetes self-care measures.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe conducted a secondary, observational analysis of 665 low-income patients with diabetes, all of whom received self-management support as part of a larger diabetes educational intervention. We analyzed baseline food insecurity (measured by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Security module) in relation to changes in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as well as self-reported diabetes self-efficacy and daily fruit and vegetable intake. We examined longitudinal differences using generalized estimating equation linear regression models, controlling for time, age, sex, race, income, and intervention arm.RESULTSOverall, 57% of the sample had an income &lt;$15,000. Participants who were food insecure (33%) were younger, had less income, and were more likely to be unemployed compared with participants who were food secure. At baseline, those who were food insecure had higher mean HbA1c values (8.4% vs. 8.0%) and lower self-efficacy and fruit and vegetable intake than those who were food secure (all P &lt; 0.05). Compared with food-secure individuals, participants who were food insecure had significantly greater improvements in HbA1c over time (0.38% decrease compared with 0.01% decrease; P value for interaction &lt;0.05) as well as in self-efficacy (P value for interaction &lt;0.01). There was no significant difference in HbA1c by food security status at follow-up.CONCLUSIONSParticipants experiencing food insecurity had poorer diabetes-related measures at baseline but made significant improvements in HbA1c and self-efficacy. Low-income patients who were food insecure may be particularly receptive to diabetes self-management support, even if interventions are not explicitly structured to address finances or food security challenges.
An IMEX scheme for reaction-diffusion equations: application for a PEM fuel cell model
Authors: Faragó István , Izsák Ferenc , Szabó Tamás , Kriston Ákos 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
An implicit-explicit (IMEX) method is developed for the numerical solution of reaction-diffusion equations with pure Neumann boundary conditions. The corresponding method of lines scheme with finite differences is analyzed: explicit conditions are given for its convergence in the ‖·‖∞ norm. The results are applied to a model for determining the overpotential in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell.
Harmonic interpolation based on Radon projections along the sides of regular polygons
Authors: Georgieva Irina , Hofreither Clemens , Koutschan Christoph , Pillwein Veronika , Thanatipanonda Thotsaporn 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Given information about a harmonic function in two variables, consisting of a finite number of values of its Radon projections, i.e., integrals along some chords of the unit circle, we study the problem of interpolating these data by a harmonic polynomial. With the help of symbolic summation techniques we show that this interpolation problem has a unique solution in the case when the chords form a regular polygon. Numerical experiments for this and more general cases are presented.
Monte Carlo simulation and analytic approximation of epidemic processes on large networks
Authors: Nagy Noémi , Simon Péter 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Low dimensional ODE approximations that capture the main characteristics of SIS-type epidemic propagation along a cycle graph are derived. Three different methods are shown that can accurately predict the expected number of infected nodes in the graph. The first method is based on the derivation of a master equation for the number of infected nodes. This uses the average number of SI edges for a given number of the infected nodes. The second approach is based on the observation that the epidemic spreads along the cycle graph as a front. We introduce a continuous time Markov chain describing the evolution of the front. The third method we apply is the subsystem approximation using the edges as subsystems. Finally, we compare the steady state value of the number of infected nodes obtained in different ways.
Two-dimensional motion of a parabolically confined charged particle in a perpendicular magnetic field
Authors: Ciftja Orion 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The classical two-dimensional motion of a parabolically confined charged particle in presence of a perpendicular magnetic is studied. The resulting equations of motion are solved exactly by using a mathematical method which is based on the introduction of complex variables. The two-dimensional motion of a parabolically charged particle in a perpendicular magnetic field is strikingly different from either the two-dimensional cyclotron motion, or the oscillator motion. It is found that the trajectory of a parabolically confined charged particle in a perpendicular magnetic field is closed only for particular values of cyclotron and parabolic confining frequencies that satisfy a given commensurability condition. In these cases, the closed paths of the particle resemble Lissajous figures, though significant differences with them do exist. When such commensurability condition is not satisfied, path of particle is open and motion is no longer periodic. In this case, after a sufficiently long time has elapsed, the open paths of the particle fill a whole annulus, a region lying between two concentric circles of different radii.
Density of nerve fibres in eutopic endometrium in women with endometriosis
Authors: Liutkeviciene Ruta , Bumbuliene Zana , Zakareviciene Jolita 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Endometriosis is the disease which usually takes a wide range of time to be diagnosed. Recently, the investigators found that endometriosis could be diagnosed using the density of nerve fibers in eutopic endometrium after taking endometrium bioptate. The aim of the article is to summarize the existing literature on density of nerve fibers in eutopic endometrium in women with and without endometriosis. In this review were involved only those studies which used the same exclusion criteria and the same technology to detect nerve fibers in eutopic endometrium. Our review confirmed the position of all studies’ results that detection of specific nerve fibers within eutopic endometrium using minimally invasive endometrial biopsy technique could be widely used in clinical practice to diagnose endometriosis with high specificity and sensitivity.
Effects of Rhodiola rosea extract on passive avoidance tests in rats
Authors: Getova Damianka , Mihaylova Anita 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The purpose was to evaluate the effects of extract of Rhodiola rosea on learning and memory processes on rats. The two series of experiments were carried out — on naïve rats and on rats with scopolamine-impaired memory. The passive avoidance tests were performed — step-down and step-through. The latency of reactions in seconds was observed in both tests. Naïve rats treated with the extract in showed the prolongation of latency of reaction of both step-down and step-through passive avoidances compared to the controls. Rats with scopolamine-impaired memory showed shorter latency of reaction in both passive avoidance tests compared to the controls. Rats treated with the extract of Rh. Rosea with scopolamine-impaired memory prolonged the latency in both passive avoidance tests compared to scopolamine group. It was found that the extract of Rh. Rosea improved performance during learning session, short and long memory retrieval tests in naïve rats. Scopolamine impaired the learning and memory retrieval of rats, but Rh. Rosea pretreatment improved performance and turned off the deterioration effect of scopolamine on these brain functions probably by non-specific mechanisms on cholinergic neurons. The studied plant extract can be a candidate for treatment of dementia and other memory disturbances.
Spectral analysis of naringenin deprotonation in aqueous ethanol solutions
Authors: Farajtabar Ali , Gharib Farrokh 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe deprotonation of 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chroman-4-one (naringenin) was studied in aqueous solutions of ethanol and 0.1 mol L−1 sodium perchlorate at 25°C. The chemical species that contributed to deprotonation were evaluated together with their pure spectral characteristics and concentration profiles by some chemometric methods. The deprotonation constants assigned by pK 1, pK 2, and pK 3 were determined by multivariate curve analysis of spectral data at different pcH values. The pure spectral analysis concordant with the theoretical prediction of deprotonation constants indicates that the acidity of hydroxyl groups in naringenin decreases in the order: 7-OH, 4′-OH, 5-OH. The effects of the solvent on deprotonation were analysed in terms of the linear solvation energy relationships using the model of Kamlet, Abboud, and Taft (KAT). Multiple linear regressions were aimed towards correlating the deprotonation constants with the microscopic parameters containing hydrogen-bond acidity (α), dipolarity/polarisability (π*), and hydrogen-bond basicity (β). The most significant parameter was found to be the hydrogen-bond acidity of binary mixtures.
Wide-angle vision for road views
Authors: Huang F. , Fehrs K. , Hartmann G. , Klette R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe field-of-view of a wide-angle image is greater than (say) 90 degrees, and so contains more information than available in a standard image. A wide field-of-view is more advantageous than standard input for understanding the geometry of 3D scenes, and for estimating the poses of panoramic sensors within such scenes. Thus, wide-angle imaging sensors and methodologies are commonly used in various road-safety, street surveillance, street virtual touring, or street 3D modelling applications. The paper reviews related wide-angle vision technologies by focusing on mathematical issues rather than on hardware.
Graft-versus-Host Disease Impairs Vaccine Responses through Decreased CD4+ and CD8+ T Cell Proliferation and Increased Perforin-Mediated CD8+ T Cell Apoptosis
Authors: Capitini Christian M. , Nasholm Nicole M. , Duncan Brynn B. , Guimond Martin , Fry Terry J. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Tumor-targeted vaccines represent a strategy to enhance the graft-versus-leukemia effect after allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (BMT). We have previously shown that graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) can negatively impact quantitative responses to vaccines. Using a minor histocompatibility Ag–mismatched BMT (B6→B6 × C3H.SW) followed by adoptive transfer of HY-specific T cells and HY-expressing dendritic cells, we assessed whether GVHD induced by donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) affects the persistence, proliferation, and survival of vaccine-responding, nonalloantigen reactive T cells. Both CD8+ and CD4+ HY-specific T cells undergo less vaccine-driven proliferation in allogeneic recipients with GVHD. Although vaccine-responding CD8+ T cells show decreased IFN-γ and CD107a production, CD4+ T cells exhibit increased programmed death 1 and T cell Ig mucin-like domain 3 expression. In addition, the degree of apoptosis in vaccine-responding CD8+ T cells was higher in the presence of GVHD, but there was no difference in CD4+ T cell apoptosis. Using Fas ligand–deficient or TRAIL-deficient DLI had no impact on apoptosis of HY-specific T cells. However, perforin-deficient alloreactive DLI induced significantly less apoptosis of vaccine-responding CD8+ T cells and resulted in enhanced tumor protection. Thus, diminished vaccine responses during GVHD result from impaired proliferation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells responding to vaccination, with an additional contribution from perforin-mediated CD8+ T cell apoptosis. These results provide important insights toward optimizing vaccine responses after allogeneic BMT.
Helios Induces Epigenetic Silencing of Il2 Gene Expression in Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Baine Ian , Basu Samik , Ames Rachel , Sellers Rani S. , Macian Fernando 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and preventing autoimmune disease. Tregs express the transcription factor Foxp3, which acts as a master regulator of their differentiation and controls their capacity to suppress T cell responses. Tregs have an intrinsically anergic phenotype and do not produce IL-2 or proliferate upon stimulation ex vivo. Recent studies identified that Helios, a member of the Ikaros family of transcription factors, is expressed in Tregs. However, its specific function is not fully understood. In this study, we show that Helios regulates IL-2 production in Tregs by suppressing Il2 gene transcription. Loss of Helios in Tregs breaks their anergic phenotype and results in derepression of the Il2 locus, allowing Tregs to display increased baseline proliferation and to produce IL-2 following stimulation. Conversely, forced expression of Helios in CD4+Foxp3− T cells results in a loss of their normal ability to produce IL-2. Helios acts by binding to the Il2 promoter and inducing epigenetic modifications that include histone deacetylation. We also show that loss of Helios in Tregs results in decreased Foxp3 binding to the Il2 promoter, indicating that Helios promotes binding of Foxp3 to the Il2 promoter. Interestingly, the loss of Helios in Tregs also causes a decrease in suppressive capacity. Our results identify Helios as a key regulator of Il2 expression in Tregs, contributing to the maintenance of the anergic phenotype.
Regulatory B Cell (B10 Cell) Expansion during Listeria Infection Governs Innate and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice
Authors: Horikawa Mayuka , Weimer Eric T. , DiLillo David J. , Venturi Guglielmo M. , Spolski Rosanne , Leonard Warren J. , Heise Mark T. , Tedder Thomas F. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Pathogens use numerous methods to subvert host immune responses, including the modulation of host IL-10 production by diverse cell types. However, the B cell sources of IL-10 and their overall influence on innate and cellular immune responses have not been well characterized during infections. Using Listeria as a model pathogen, infection drove the acute expansion of a small subset of regulatory B cells (B10 cells) that potently suppress inflammation and autoimmunity through the production of IL-10. Unexpectedly, spleen bacteria loads were 92–97% lower in B10 cell–deficient CD19−/− mice, in mice depleted of mature B cells, and in mice treated with CD22 mAb to preferentially deplete B10 cells before infection. By contrast, the adoptive transfer of wild-type B10 cells reduced bacterial clearance by 38-fold in CD19−/− mice through IL-10–dependent pathways. B10 cell depletion using CD22 mAb significantly enhanced macrophage phagocytosis of Listeria and their production of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and NO ex vivo. Accelerated bacteria clearance following B10 cell depletion significantly reduced Ag-specific CD4+ T cell proliferation and cytokine production, but did not alter CD8+ T cell responses. B10 cell regulatory function during innate immune responses was nonetheless dependent on cognate interactions with CD4+ T cells because B10 cells deficient in IL-10, MHC-II, or IL-21R expression did not influence Listeria clearance. Thus, Listeria manipulates immune responses through a strategy of immune evasion that involves the preferential expansion of endogenous B10 cells that regulate the magnitude and duration of both innate and cellular immune responses.