bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toponymic constraints in Wemindji
Authors: Eades Gwilym Lucas 
Published: December 2013

AbstractResearch by Eugene Hunn (1996) suggested that toponymic density and population density are roughly equal for a range of indigenous groups across North America. In Wemindji, Quebec, historic and current toponymic and population data support Hunn's observation. I demonstrate that toponymic constraints are real by holding the number of traditional toponyms (898) as a background constant, and estimating the growth of Wemindji's population from 1960 to 2010 based on knowledge held by local experts. Measurements from historic air photographs assumed toponymic growth proportional to the area within the limits of Wemindji town development. A set of 78 new town place names provide a baseline for that measurement. Relative to toponymic density, population density steadily increased from 1960 to 2010, with a graph depicting the two densities suggesting equality in approximately 1995.
A randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of planning strategies in the adherence to medication for coronary artery disease
Authors: Lourenço Laura Bacelar de Araujo , Rodrigues Roberta Cunha Matheus , Ciol Marcia Aparecida , São‐João Thaís Moreira , Cornélio Marilia Estevam , Dantas Rosana Aparecida Spadoti , Gallani Maria‐Cecília 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimTo examine the effect of action and coping planning strategies in the adherence to medication among outpatients with coronary artery disease.BackgroundAction and coping planning strategies are based on implementation intention, which requires self‐regulation by the individual, to prioritize intentionally planned responses over learned or habitual ones, from daily routines to stressful situations.DesignRandomized controlled trial.MethodsParticipants (n = 115) were randomized into intervention (use of action and coping planning strategies, n = 59) or control (usual care, n = 56) groups. The study was conducted between June 2010–May 2011 in two in‐person visits: baseline and 2‐month follow‐up. Participants in the intervention group received telephone reinforcement between baseline and 2‐month follow‐up. Adherence to medication for cardioprotection and symptoms relief was evaluated by proportion of adherence, global measure of adherence evaluation and Morisky Self‐Reported Measure of Medication Adherence Scale at both baseline and 2‐month follow‐up.FindingsWhen using the measure of global measure of adherence, participants in the intervention group reported adherence to therapy more often than controls (odds ratio = 5·3), but no statistically significant change was observed in the other two outcome measures.ConclusionThis study has shown that individuals who use action and coping planning report higher adherence to drug treatment, when measured by the global adherence evaluation. Further studies with longer follow‐ups are needed to assess if the effect of planning strategies has long‐term duration.
Integrating phylogeography, physiology and habitat modelling to explore species range determinants
Authors: Eme David , Malard Florian , Colson‐Proch Céline , Jean Pauline , Calvignac Sébastien , Konecny‐Dupré Lara , Hervant Frédéric , Douady Christophe J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimDisentangling the roles of the interacting processes that shape species' ranges requires independent measurements of dispersal, physiological traits and habitat use. Multifaceted approaches of range determinants are, however, still rare, despite the widespread recognition that correlative modelling approaches alone are not sufficient to understand and predict species' distributions. Here, we combined genetic, distributional and physiological data to reveal the processes that cause the disjunct distribution of the groundwater isopod Proasellus valdensis in isolated Alpine mountains previously covered by Pleistocene glaciers.LocationThe Alps and Jura Mountains, France.MethodsPhylogenetic/phylogeographical methods based on mitochondrial and nuclear genes were used to test for recent dispersal between mountains. A logistic regression on presence–absence data was performed to quantify variation in the probability of occurrence with temperature. Variation in survival and respiration over a range of temperatures was measured within four populations to test for a causal effect of temperature on species distribution.ResultsDespite the disjunct distribution, genetic analyses supported recent dispersal between mountains, as indicated by weak divergence among sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), a single haplotype network showing no spatial structuring, and a small proportion of molecular variance distributed between mountains. The probability of occurrence of P. valdensis decreased significantly with increasing temperature, although physiological experiments indicated that occurrence in warmer habitats was probably restricted by thermally dependent biotic interactions rather than by temperature itself. All populations maintained a high survival rate over a wide range of temperatures (3–15 °C), with a weak but detectable tendency for local adaptation.Main conclusionsCombining phylogeographical, physiological and habitat modelling methods reveals the interacting processes that drive range dynamics. A broad thermal tolerance helps P. valdensis to colonize vacant habitats during the onset of glacial melting, but range fragmentation and local adaptation, leading to thermal niche narrowing, proceed during warmer interglacials as biotic interactions progressively intensify.
Avian species composition across the Amazon River: the roles of dispersal limitation and environmental heterogeneity
Authors: Pomara Lars Y. , Ruokolainen Kalle , Young Kenneth R. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimThe roles of dispersal limitation and environmental heterogeneity in structuring tropical species composition can be better understood by accounting for dispersal barriers and possible niche differentiation effects. We make ecological and historical interpretations of dissimilarity in avian species composition across a riverine dispersal boundary in the light of environmental characteristics, species and subspecies range limits, and geographical distances.LocationLowland rain forest, western Amazon River Basin, Peru.MethodsWe surveyed all birds and one plant family, collected soil samples and measured forest structural characteristics and fragmentation in surrounding landscapes, at sites to the north and south of the Amazon River flood plain. We used Mantel tests, multiple regression on distance matrices, indicator species analysis and ordination methods to assess the relationships among dissimilarities in species composition, geographical distance, position relative to the river and environmental characteristics. We examined compositional variation for all bird species, for only species without range limits between sites, and for species with and without subspecies limits at the Amazon River.ResultsDissimilarity in avian species composition across the river was large, despite a lack of environmental differences. Most of this dissimilarity was accounted for by species and subspecies range limits at the river. Plant species composition did not show any dissimilarity across the river. Plant species composition and forest fragmentation explained additional components of avian compositional dissimilarity not associated with the riverine boundary and involving different bird species.Main conclusionsThe riverine dispersal boundary, floristic heterogeneity and forest fragmentation were associated with distinctive components of avian species compositional dissimilarity, collectively explaining three‐quarters of the total dissimilarity among sites. Compositional dissimilarity was consistent with historical and continuing isolation of avian populations on opposite sides of the river, and may be partly driven by niche differentiation between subspecies. Geographical distance as a measure of dispersal limitation would not have accounted for these relationships. The use of rivers in biogeographical region delineation should address their variable importance for different taxa.
Temporal dynamics of areas of endemism under climate change: a case study of Mexican Bursera (Burseraceae)
Authors: Gámez Niza , Escalante Tania , Espinosa David , Eguiarte Luis E. , Morrone Juan. J. 
Published: December 2013

ABSTRACTAimOur aim was to analyse the temporal dynamics of areas of endemism of Bursera species (Burseraceae), a dominant element of the Mexican tropical dry forest, between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the present day. We aimed to identify stable core sectors that have held permanent populations of endemic species.LocationMexican dry forest.MethodsWe modelled the geographical distributions of 81 species of Bursera and identified their areas of endemism at the LGM and at present. For each area of endemism, changes in time, species composition and distribution were analysed, and a spatially explicit temporal hypothesis was formulated.ResultsThree areas of endemism supported by geographically congruent elements were identified: the Central Mexican Pacific Coast, Western Balsas, and Eastern Balsas–Tehuacán/Cuicatlán–Tehuantepec. Within them we identified stable core sectors (refugia).Main conclusionsThe areas of endemism identified represent distinct evolutionary biotic components of the Mexican dry forest. Their stable core sectors may facilitate phylogeographical predictions at the level of species or species assemblages. The framework adopted allows us to formulate spatially explicit temporal hypotheses about biotic processes, based exclusively on geographical data.
Cryoablation of AVNRT in Children and Adolescents: Early Intervention Leads to a Better Outcome
Authors: DRAGO FABRIZIO , PLACIDI SILVIA , RIGHI DANIELA , DI MAMBRO CORRADO , RUSSO MARIO SALVATORE , SILVETTI MASSIMO STEFANO , PALMIERI ROSALINDA , PROSPERI MONICA 
Published: December 2013

Cryoablation of AVNRT in Children and AdolescentsIntroductionCurrently, transcatheter cryoablation is a well‐established technique for the treatment of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) in children. In the past decade, many studies have focused on identifying factors that may affect acute and long‐term outcome, but none has been shown to be strongly predictive of treatment success. The aim of our study was to determine whether patient age and cryoablation method correlate with acute and long‐term success.Methods and ResultsWe retrospectively reviewed 202 consecutive patients (98 male, mean age 11.5 years; range: 4–20 years) who underwent cryoablation for AVNRT at our institution from October 2002 to August 2012. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to age: group A <12 years (n = 101) and group B ≥12 years (n = 101). A single lesion or linear lesion technique was employed. A total of 217 cryoablation procedures were performed: 106 (49%) in group A and 111 (51%) in group B. All patients were evaluated in our postoperative follow‐up program. The overall recurrence rate was 10.9% (22/202). AVNRT recurrence was significantly lower in group A than in group B (4.95% vs 16.8%, P = 0.000). No significant differences in recurrence rate were observed between groups when using the single lesion versus linear lesion technique. There were no permanent cryoablation‐related complications.ConclusionOur findings show that cryoablation had no complications and a very good success rate. Type of cryolesion is not predictive of long‐term success, whereas lower recurrence rate is achieved when cryoablation is performed at a younger age.
Advanced tissue engineering scaffold design for regeneration of the complex hierarchical periodontal structure
Authors: Costa Pedro F. , Vaquette Cédryck , Zhang Qiyi , Reis Rui L. , Ivanovski Saso , Hutmacher Dietmar W. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimThis study investigated the ability of an osteoconductive biphasic scaffold to simultaneously regenerate alveolar bone, periodontal ligament and cementum.Materials and MethodsA biphasic scaffold was built by attaching a fused deposition modelled bone compartment to a melt electrospun periodontal compartment. The bone compartment was coated with a calcium phosphate (CaP) layer for increasing osteoconductivity, seeded with osteoblasts and cultured in vitro for 6 weeks. The resulting constructs were then complemented with the placement of PDL cell sheets on the periodontal compartment, attached to a dentin block and subcutaneously implanted into athymic rats for 8 weeks. Scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, alkaline phosphatase and DNA content quantification, confocal laser microscopy, micro computerized tomography and histological analysis were employed to evaluate the scaffold's performance.ResultsThe in vitro study showed that alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly increased in the CaP‐coated samples and they also displayed enhanced mineralization. In the in vivo study, significantly more bone formation was observed in the coated scaffolds. Histological analysis revealed that the large pore size of the periodontal compartment permitted vascularization of the cell sheets, and periodontal attachment was achieved at the dentin interface.ConclusionsThis work demonstrates that the combination of cell sheet technology together with an osteoconductive biphasic scaffold could be utilized to address the limitations of current periodontal regeneration techniques.
Near equality in quality for medication utilization among older adults with diabetes with universal medication insurance in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Shah Baiju R. , Booth Gillian L. , Lipscombe Lorraine L. , Feig Denice S. , Bhattacharyya Onil K. , Bierman Arlene S. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesTo determine whether demographic, community or health status disparities in cardioprotective medication utilization by diabetes patients exist under a universal drug insurance programme, and whether they narrow or widen during periods of increasing drug utilization.MethodsWe examined all prescriptions filled by all people with diabetes aged ≥65 years in Ontario, Canada in annual cohorts from 1996 (n = 175 345) to 2010 (n = 504 093). We ascertained whether any disparities in use of three classes of cardioprotective medication (statins, all antihypertensives and renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system inhibitors) existed, and whether disparities changed over time.ResultsUtilization of all three cardioprotective medication classes increased substantially over time, particularly statins (rate ratio per year: 1.13, 95% confidence interval 1.11–1.15). We found no disparities associated with many of the demographic or community characteristics examined (including sex, income or rural residence). Use of statins was lower in those aged ≥80 compared with younger age groups, although this disparity narrowed during the study. Persistently lower use of antihypertensives by minorities and by recent immigrants may be due to lower quality of care, barriers to access, or other patient or provider factors, which highlights the need for ongoing monitoring for disparities even in populations with universal drug insurance. Differences in medication utilization based on health status characteristics such as previous cardiovascular disease were medically indicated.ConclusionsAlthough a universal drug insurance programme was reasonably successful in ensuring few disparities in cardioprotective medication use by older patients with diabetes, disparities persisted for some subpopulations, so additional interventions continue to be needed to ensure equitable care.
Cloning and characterization of a potato StAN11 gene involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis regulation
Authors: Li Wang , Wang Bing , Wang Man , Chen Min , Yin Jing‐Ming , Kaleri Ghullam Murtaza , Zhang Rui‐Jie , Zuo Tie‐Niu , You Xiong , Yang Qing 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAnthocyanins are a class of products of plant secondary metabolism and are responsible for tubers color in potato. The biosynthesis of anthocyanins is a complex biological process, in which multiple genes are involved including structural genes and regulatory genes. In this study, StAN11, a WD40‐repeat gene, was cloned from potato cultivar Chieftain (Solanum tuberosum L.). StAN11 (HQ599506) contained no intron and its open reading frame (ORF) was 1,029 bp long, encoding a putative protein of 342 amino acids. In order to verify its role in anthocyanin biosynthesis, StAN11 was inserted behind the CaMV‐35S promoter of pCMBIA1304 and the recombination vector was introduced into the potato cultivar Désirée plants by Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation. The color of transgenic tuber skin was significantly deepened, compared to the wild‐type control, which was highly consistent with the accumulation of anthocyanin and expression of StAN11 in transgenic lines tuber skin. Further analysis on the expression of Flavonone‐3‐hydroxylase (F3H), Dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR), Anthocyanidin synthase (ANS), and Flavonoid 3‐O‐glucosyl transferase (3GT) in transgenic plants revealed that only DFR was upregulated. This result suggested that StAN11 regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato by controlling DFR expression and accumulation of anthocyanin could be increased through overexpression of StAN11 in the tubers with the genetic background of anthocyanin biosynthesis.
Treatment of forehead/glabellar rhytide complex with combination botulinum toxin a and hyaluronic acid versus botulinum toxin a injection alone: a split‐face, rater‐blinded, randomized control trial
Authors: Dubina Meghan , Tung Rebecca , Bolotin Diana , Mahoney Anne M , Tayebi Bailey , Sato Mauricio , Mulinari‐Brenner Fabiane , Jones Trevor , West Dennis P , Poon Emily , Nodzenski Michael , Alam Murad 
Published: December 2013

SummaryBackgroundForehead and glabella rhytides are treated mostly with neurotoxins, although some practitioners prefer the concurrent use of fillers. It has been suggested that combination treatments can result in a better overall improvement.AimsTo compare the safety and effectiveness of treatment of forehead and glabellar lines with botulinum toxin A alone versus botulinum toxin A and filler.MethodsSplit‐face, randomized control trial. Twenty subjects with forehead/glabellar rhytide complex (static and dynamic creases) enrolled. Subjects were randomized and injected with botulinum toxin alone on one side of the forehead/glabella and hyaluronic acid filler followed by botulinum toxin on the other side. Blinded ratings were obtained to assess the effectiveness of treatment for static and dynamic rhytides, respectively, at 2‐week, 6‐week, 3‐month, and 6‐month follow‐up visits. Subjects performed a self‐evaluation at the end of the study. Adverse events were recorded.ResultsRatings of both treatments showed comparable efficacy, with 100% of subjects experiencing improvement from baseline regardless of treatment type at weeks 2, 6, and 12. Combination treatment produced longer‐lasting results in dynamic forehead wrinkles, and greater static and dynamic wrinkle reduction in the glabella at week 24. Subject self‐evaluations showed that both treatments were effective, with a nominal preference for combination treatment.ConclusionsGlabella and forehead lines can be effectively and safely reduced with neurotoxin alone as well as neurotoxin in combination with fillers. Combination treatment may provide a slightly better cumulative benefit and also increase the persistence of effect.
Hydrophobically modified polymers can minimize skin irritation potential caused by surfactant‐based cleansers
Authors: Draelos Zoe , Hornby Sidney , Walters Russel M , Appa Yohini 
Published: December 2013

SummaryIntroductionThe addition of hydrophobically modified polymers (HMPs) to cleansers that contain surfactants can create polymer–surfactant complexes that are less irritating to the skin than commercially available mild cleansers. Our objective was to compare the tolerability and efficacy of a test foaming liquid facial cleanser containing HMPs with a commercial liquid nonfoaming facial cleanser in women with sensitive skin.MethodsIn this randomized, prospective, double‐blind, comparative study, women (n = 20 per group) with mild‐to‐moderate atopic dermatitis (AD), eczema, acne, or rosacea used a test gentle foaming liquid facial cleanser containing HMPs or a commercial gentle liquid nonfoaming facial cleanser daily for 3 weeks. Investigators assessed irritation and skin condition. Study subjects also assessed their skin properties and the performance of each cleanser.ResultsClinicians as well as study subjects consistently rated the test cleanser as effective or slightly more effective at improving symptoms than the commercial cleanser, although no significant differences between groups were observed. At weeks 1 and 3, respectively, more users of the commercial cleanser reported irritation (20% and 10%) than users of the test cleanser (5% and 5%). In addition, subject self‐assessments of skin condition and cleansing properties were slightly more improved with the test cleanser than with the commercial cleanser.ConclusionsBoth the test foaming cleanser containing HMPs and the commercial nonfoaming cleanser were effective and well accepted by most women in the study. Improvements were observed by both clinicians and subjects in the group using the test cleanser containing HMPs in all evaluated skin categories.
Novel use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres in the treatment of infraorbital rhytids
Authors: Mani Nasrin , McLeod Jasmine , Sauder Maxwell B , Sauder Daniel N , Bothwell Marcella R 
Published: December 2013

SummaryAimTo demonstrate safety with the use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres in the infraorbital eyelid area using a deliberate conservative injection in the treatment of rhytids.MethodsA retrospective case series of 289 patients in an outpatient cosmetic dermatology clinic evaluated and treated by one senior provider (NM) of infraorbital rhytids with PMMA from December 2010 to March 2011. Statistical analysis was performed for race, skin type, history of hypertrophic scar, autoimmunity, history of “sensitive skin” and history of prior procedures such as prior facelift, rhinoplasty, and blepharoplasty.ResultsTwo hundred ninety‐one patients underwent at least 1–6 injections of PMMA microspheres into bilateral under eye area. Early complications were edema and ecchymosis. Late complications were identified in 4 of 289 patients who developed small granulomas. All patients who developed granulomas had had a previous lower blepharoplasty (P = 0.00). A history of “sensitive skin” was approaching statistical significance (P = 0.15).ConclusionThis study has shown that PMMA microsphere injection is a safe subdermal technique in the correction of infraorbital rhytids. Safety was demonstrated in 289 patients with only 4 minor complications of small lateral granuloma which all resolved within 4 weeks after intralesion triamcinolone injection. However, this is an off‐label use of a permanent filler not approved for use in the infraorbits and significant caution must be taken with full disclosure to the patient leading to informed consent. Caution in PMMA microsphere injection should be given in the patient with prior blepharoplasty. The advantage of PMMA microsphere is that the result seems to be predictable and natural.