bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of a noninvasive test routinely used in otology for the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid shunt malfunction in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus
Authors: Sakka Laurent , Chomicki Alexandre , Gabrillargues Jean , Khalil Toufic , Chazal Jean , Avan Paul 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
Ventriculoperitoneal shunting is the first-line treatment for normal pressure hydrocephalus. Noninvasive auditory tests based on recorded otoacoustic emissions were assessed, as currently used for universal neonatal hearing screenings, for the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid shunt malfunction. The test was designed based on previous works, which demonstrated that an intracranial pressure change induces a proportional, characteristic, otoacoustic-emission phase shift.

METHODS
Forty-four patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (23 idiopathic and 21 secondary cases) were included in this prospective observational study. The male:female sex ratio was 1.44, the age range was 21–87 years (mean age 64.3 years), and the range of the follow-up period was 1–3 years (mean 20 months). Patients were implanted with a Sophy SU8 adjustable-pressure valve as the ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The phase shifts of otoacoustic emissions in response to body tilt were measured preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and at 3–6 months, 7–15 months, 16–24 months, and more than 24 months postoperatively. Three groups were enrolled: Group 1, 19 patients who required no valve opening-pressure adjustment; Group 2, 18 patients who required valve opening-pressure adjustments; and Group 3, 7 patients who required valve replacement.

RESULTS
In Group 1, phase shift, which was positive before surgery, became steadily negative after surgery and during the follow-up. In Group 2, phase shift, which was positive before surgery, became negative immediately after surgery and increasingly negative after a decrease in the valve-opening pressure. In Group 3, phase shift was positive in 6 cases and slightly negative in 1 case before revision, but after revision phase shift became significantly negative in all cases.

CONCLUSIONS
Otoacoustic emissions noninvasively reflect cerebrospinal fluid shunt function and are impacted by valve-opening pressure adjustments. Otoacoustic emissions consistently diagnosed shunt malfunction and predicted the need for surgical revision. The authors’ diagnostic test, which can be repeated without risk or discomfort by an unskilled operator, may address the crucial need of detecting valve dysfunction in patients with poor clinical outcome after shunt surgery.
Failed microvascular decompression surgery for hemifacial spasm due to persistent neurovascular compression: an analysis of reoperations
Authors: Bigder Mark Gregory , Kaufmann Anthony M. 
Published: August 2015

OBJECT
Microvascular decompression (MVD) surgery for hemifacial spasm (HFS) is potentially curative. The findings at repeat MVD in patients with persistent or recurrent HFS were analyzed with the aim to identify factors that may improve surgical outcomes.

METHODS
Intraoperative findings were determined from review of dictated operative reports and operative diagrams for patients who underwent repeat MVD after prior surgery elsewhere. Clinical follow-up was obtained from the hospital and clinic records, as well as telephone questionnaires.

RESULTS
Among 845 patients who underwent MVD performed by the senior author, 12 had been referred after prior MVD for HFS performed elsewhere. Following repeat MVD, all patients improved and complete spasm resolution was described by 11 of 12 patients after a mean follow-up of 91 ± 55 months (range 28–193). Complications were limited to 1 patient with aggravation of preexisting hearing loss and mild facial weakness and 1 patient with aseptic meningitis without sequelae. Significant factors that may have contributed to the failure of the first surgery included retromastoid craniectomies that did not extend laterally to the sigmoid sinus or inferiorly to the posterior fossa floor in 11 of 12 patients and a prior surgical approach that focused on the cisternal portion of the facial nerve in 9 of 12 patients. In all cases, significant persistent neurovascular compression (NVC) was evident and alleviated more proximally on the facial root exit zone (fREZ).

CONCLUSIONS
Most HFS patients will achieve spasm relief with thorough alleviation of NVC of the fREZ, which extends from the pontomedullary sulcus root exit point to the Obersteiner-Redlich transition zone.
The relationship between isokinetic and isometric knee muscle strength and maximal step-up height after stroke: A pilot study
Authors: Carlsson Håkan , Lexell Jan , Brogårdh Christina 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND: A novel way to evaluate muscle strength and functioning in the lower limbs is to measure how high a person could step up on a platform, the so called Maximal Step-up Test (MST). Studies of healthy persons and overweight women have shown that the maximal step-up height(MSH) is associated with both muscle strength and physical function, but no study has assessed persons after stroke. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between isokinetic and isometric knee muscle strength and maximal step-up height after stroke. METHODS: A convenience sample of 21 ambulatory persons with stroke(13 men and eight women; mean age 63 ± 12 years; mean time since stroke onset 26 ± 36 months). Isokinetic concentric knee extension and knee flexion strength at 60°/s and isometric knee extension strength at 90° were measured for both lower limbs with a Biodex dynamometer. Maximal step-up height was measured using a 40 cm × 60 cm platform, which could be raised from 3 cm to 45 cm with 3 cm intervals. The relationship between knee muscle strength (normalized to body weight) and the maximal step-up height was analysed with the Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). RESULTS: There were significant but only moderate relationships between the paretic isokinetic knee extension, and flexion, strength and maximal step-up height, r= 0.49; p < 0.05, and r= 0.57; p < 0.01, respectively. CONCLUSION: These moderate relationships indicate that muscle weakness is only partially associated with maximal step-up height after stroke. The MST may therefore have limited value in the assessment of muscle strength after stroke.
The effect of training of the non-dominant knee muscles on ipsi- and contralateral strength gains
Authors: Abazović Ensar , Kovačević Erol , Kovač Siniša , Bradić Josipa 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND: Although transfer of unilateral training has been quite widely explored, few studies have focused on gains achieved due to concentric isokinetic training of the non-dominant side. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of unilateral non-dominant (ND) isokinetic knee extension and flexion training at 60°/s on ipsilateral and contralateral knee extension and flexion peak moment (PM) in active female population as well investigate the speed specificity nature of this protocol. METHODS: Thirty female were divided into two groups: experimental and control. The experimental group trained concentrically the ND flexors and extensors at 60°/s according to the following protocol: 5-6 reps X 2-4 sets X 3d X 4w at 100% effort while PM at pre- and post-training was tested concentrically at 60 and 180°/s. RESULTS: Significant (p< 0.05) increases in the extensors and flexors PM peak moment in both the trained and untrained limb were noted in the experimental group, ranging 19-27% and 12-17%, respectively. The effects were speed specific in the trained but not in untrained limb. No changes were noted in the PM of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: In physically active female population, concentric isokinetic training of the ND knee extensors and flexors at 60°/s significantly increase the strength of these muscles at the trained and untrained limb. This cross-education was not speed specific and therefore may obviate the need to use a multiple speed protocol.
Balance training using Pedalo equipment for improving balance and fear of falling in elderly people: A preliminary study
Authors: Lee GyuChang 
Published: August 2015

BACKGROUND: Falls are a major health problem among the elderly, and balance exercises can improve balance in the elderly and help reduce the risk of falls. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of balance training using Pedalo equipment on balance and fear of falling in elderly people. METHODS: Nineteen elderly people participated in this study center. Subjects performed balance training using four types of Pedalo equipment: the Stabilizer Therapy, Reha-Wipp, Reha-Bar, and Spring Board, for 30 minutes, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The Force platform, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test were used to evaluate balance function, and the Fall Efficacy Scale (FES) was used to evaluate fear of falling. RESULTS: Following six weeks of balance training using the Pedalo equipment, path length and sway velocity in both the eyes open and closed conditions were significantly improved compared with those at baseline (p< 0.05), as well as on BBS, TUG, and FES (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Balance training on the Pedalo equipment appears to significantly improve balance in elderly people and reduces their anxiety regarding falls. We conclude that use of such equipment may help elderly people improve their balance and consequently reduce their risk of falling.
Really, really rapid prototyping: Flash builds and user-driven innovation at JSTOR Labs
Authors: Humphreys Alex 
Published: August 2015

Abstract To build a platform for (high, sustainable) use, we need to know what will thrill users. Finding the right concoction of technology, functionality and design to delight users takes a thousand decisions, pivots and changes. The JSTOR Labs team has been using Flash Builds – high-intensity, short-burst, user-driven development efforts – in order to prototype new ideas and get to a user saying “Wow” in as little as a week. In this paper, a distillation of a presentation I gave at NFAIS 2015, I will describe how we have done this, highlighting the partnerships, skills, tools and content that help us innovate.
Today’s college students: Skimmers, scanners and efficiency-seekers
Authors: Lawrence Kate 
Published: August 2015

Abstract This paper examines the research habits and behaviors of today’s college students. With each technological evolution, students develop increasingly efficient strategies, becoming experts in time management for personal and academic purposes. With demands for their time that include school assignments, social media and ‘me time’, today’s students are rejecting previously-held beliefs about how to conduct research and forging their own unique path towards scholarship. Starting with uncovering what one student called “the Google and Wikipedia cat and mouse game”, a team of EBSCO researchers discovered that for academic research, traditional rules don’t apply, and strategies for conducting research are as diverse as the students themselves.
Professional medical social networks: An evolving source of professional knowledge and content
Authors: Camlek Victor 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Healthcare Professional Social Networks (HCPSNs) have become a global resource. There are numerous networks visible in countries around the world. This research looks at a selected sample of global HCPSNs with a particular focus on the potential of these emerging networks to become a growing source of professional content. The research evaluates the content offerings of six networks, Sermo, Doximity, QuantiaMD, Neuros, DXY and Networks in Health. First, there is a brief discussion of trends in the membership dynamics of these organizations. The next section summarizes the content services available from each network at a high level. The findings reveal that HCPSNs offer their members an opportunity to be content producers, as well as an available audience for various forms of educational and promotional forms of content. The presentation offers a view of the impact of these networks on the STM publishing industry, including professional medical societies.
Caught in the middle: Scholars, publishers, librarians and information revolutions today and tomorrow
Authors: Shumaker David 
Published: August 2015

Abstract All of us – scholars, publishers, librarians – are being pulled apart by the forces of two concurrent revolutions in information access and processing. Every day, we are reminded that Stewart Brand was right: “Information wants to be free, and information wants to be expensive”. Meanwhile, smart appliances and self-driving cars show the way to the Internet of Things in which information is not just for human consumption, while people crowdsource, crowdfund, and share everything from lolcats to regime change. These twin revolutions have already driven fundamental changes in publishing and in library services, and more changes will be coming. Meanwhile, the scholar’s limited time and attention are overwhelmed by the rapid changes taking place. By shifting their focus to the scholar’s personal information management needs, librarians and publishers can collaborate to deploy new solutions and improve the scholar’s information environment.
Protocols.io: Reducing the knowledge that perishes because we do not publish it
Authors: Teytelman Leonid , Stoliartchouk Alexei 
Published: August 2015

Abstract The way life scientists communicate has hardly changed since the days of Gregor Mendel. Even though mobile and Internet technology has transformed a wide array of communication channels, academic publishing has largely resisted change. As a consequence, it is impossible to stay up-to-date with the rapidly evolving methodology in the life sciences. Most corrections and optimizations of previously-published methods are never properly communicated beyond the confines of a given laboratory. Researchers are constantly re-discovering knowledge simply due to the lack of an efficient system to communicate such findings. Protocols.io is a central platform that leverages modern web and mobile technology to facilitate easy discovery and sharing of this scientific knowledge.
Library evolution, trends and the road ahead from the EBSCO lens
Authors: Collins Tim 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Much has changed during my thirty years in the information industry. I will review changes in the areas of end-user experience, business models, library workflow, and competitive landscape and describe what I see as the key drivers behind these changes, focusing on the academic research process. I will share my perspective on the role that EBSCO has played in these changes and the evolution of the marketplace. I will also share my thoughts on some changes that I think we will see in the future.
Satisfying user demands and the impact on policy
Authors: Kenneally Christopher , Russell Judith , Whittaker Martha , O’Leary Brian F. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Satisfying user needs and expectations requires that information polices be current, flexible, and in alignment with those needs and expectations. Publishers and librarians must develop the policies, practices, and procedures that will facilitate – not inhibit – the use of their information and maximize its value to the user. They need to move beyond the “this is how we have always done it” mindset and re-evaluate policies on a regular basis. This interactive panel discussion was organized to take a look at some of the issues that concern content providers and librarians, such as the re-use, replication and sharing of data, social media, data mining, and others.
After-School Program for urban youth: Evaluation of a health careers course in New York City high schools
Authors: Holden Lynne , Berger Wallace , Zingarelli Rebecca , Siegel Elliot 
Published: August 2015

Abstract Mentoring in Medicine (MIM) addresses an urgent national need for minority health professionals and promotes careers in health care for urban youth. The MIM After-School Program (ASP or The Course) has as its primary objectives to provide academic enrichment in human biology and motivate disadvantaged youth to pursue a career in the health professions. Secondary objectives of The Course, although not evaluated here, are to improve students’ health literacy and knowledge of healthy living behaviors. Since 2009, over 1500 middle and high school students have completed the New York City based Course, which is offered once a week over a 10 week semester in an out-of-school venue. This study assesses the success of The Course in achieving its primary objectives with 84 students at five New York City high schools during the fall 2014 semester. The Course curriculum was created especially for MIM, comprises the body’s 11 organ systems, and is presented in discrete modules (one each semester), along with complementary educational activities, including field trips and class projects. This study reports on a formal evaluation using quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative evaluation found that the students significantly increased their knowledge of the Gastrointestinal System. Students across the academic spectrum appeared to have learned the MIM ASP Course content – high school GPA was not a predictor of knowledge acquisition. The students also reported that The Course significantly increased their self-confidence in their ability to succeed (self-efficacy). The students expressed a significant increase in five health care related attitudes and an additional increase in their ability to overcome personal issues to succeed in their career and significantly improving their feeling toward, and likely pursuit of, a health career. The students stated that The Course significantly increased their interest and intent to seek out more information about health care, participate in health care activities, and take more health care courses in high school. The qualitative evaluation found that the students and their parents were pleased with the MIM ASP Course’s composition, presentation and effectiveness. With a large majority of the parents stating that their child got out of The Course what they had hoped for and that The Course made it more likely that they would recommend a health career for their child. The students and instructional staff also identified The Course elements that they felt were most and least effective. Best practices that were used in designing and conducting The Course were identified. The MIM ASP Course appears to have achieved its principal educational objectives of providing academic enrichment in human biology and improving attitudes towards a health career for a self-selected population of disadvantaged, underrepresented minority high school students in an urban setting.
An overview of the NFAIS 2015 Annual Conference: Anticipating Demand: The User Experience as Driver
Authors: Lawlor Bonnie 
Published: August 2015

Abstract This paper provides an overview of the highlights of the 2015 NFAIS Annual Conference, Anticipating Demand: The User Experience as Driver, that was held in Crystal City, VA from February 22–24, 2015. The phrase “Content is King” can arouse hot debates over its relevance in a technology-dominated world. But the reality is that searchers are looking for answers to their questions. Information remains the Holy Grail. But the convergence of content, robust computing technologies and innovative devices has changed the search experience and elevated user expectations. The goal of the NFAIS conference was to take a look at how content providers and librarians are building products and services that will not only provide the ultimate in today’s information experience, but will also raise that experience to a new level of satisfaction. Conference attendees used their smart phones throughout the meeting to give their opinions on key issues that were raised and the questions/responses are included at the end of each session.
Information wants someone else to pay for it: Laws of information economics and scholarly publishing
Authors: Altman Micah , Avery Marguerite 
Published: August 2015

Abstract The increasing volume and complexity of research, scholarly publication, and research information puts an added strain on traditional methods of scholarly communication and evaluation. Information goods and networks are not standard market goods – and so we should not rely on markets alone to develop new forms of scholarly publishing. The affordances of digital information and networks create many opportunities to unbundle the functions of scholarly communication – the central challenge is to create a range of new forms of publication that effectively promote both market and collaborative ecosystems.
Novel Equations for Estimating Lean Body Mass in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Dong Jie , Li Yan-Jun , Xu Rong , Yang Zhi-Kai , Zheng Ying-Dong 
Published: August 2015

Objectives To develop and validate equations for estimating lean body mass (LBM) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods Two equations for estimating LBM, one based on mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC) and hand grip strength (HGS), i.e., LBM-M-H, and the other based on HGS, i.e., LBM-H, were developed and validated with LBM obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The developed equations were compared to LBM estimated from creatinine kinetics (LBM-CK) and anthropometry (LBM-A) in terms of bias, precision, and accuracy. The prognostic values of LBM estimated from the equations in all-cause mortality risk were assessed. Results The developed equations incorporated gender, height, weight, and dialysis duration. Compared to LBM-DEXA, the bias of the developed equations was lower than that of LBM-CK and LBM-A. Additionally, LBM-M-H and LBM-H had better accuracy and precision. The prognostic values of LBM in all-cause mortality risk based on LBM-M-H, LBM-H, LBM-CK, and LBM-A were similar. Conclusions Lean body mass estimated by the new equations based on MAMC and HGS was correlated with LBM obtained by DEXA and may serve as practical surrogate markers of LBM in PD patients.
Reverse Epidemiology of Blood Pressure in Peritoneal Dialysis Associated with Dynamic Deterioration of Left Ventricular Function
Authors: Afshinnia Farsad , Zaky Ziad S. , Metireddy Manasa , Segal Jonathan H. 
Published: August 2015

Background Reverse epidemiology of blood pressure (BP) in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is manifested as higher mortality at lower blood pressure. We hypothesize that this phenomenon is partially mediated by deterioration of cardiac structure and function. Methods Seventy-seven prevalent ESKD patients starting renal replacement therapy on peritoneal dialysis (PD) from 2007 to 2012 were evaluated for the primary outcome of all-cause mortality. Longitudinal data were obtained from 1,930 patient-encounters including monthly clinic BP and serial echocardiograms. Generalized linear mixed models using data from the last observation moving backward, and time-to-event analysis using time-varying Cox-survival models to estimate mortality risk at different blood pressure categories were applied. Results There were 39 males (50.6%). Mean age was 51 years (standard deviation [SD] = 15). During follow-up, 20 patients (25%) died. As compared to systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140 – 159 mmHg, unadjusted risk of mortality was 7.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5 – 35.7, p = 0.008) at level < 120 mmHg. Systolic BP trended down to an average of 117 mmHg prior to death in non-survivors as compared to 141 mmHg in survivors ( p < 0.05). In non-survivors, percentage with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) decreased by 20% at the expense of a 20% reciprocal increase in eccentric hypertrophy associated with a 30% increase in percentage with low ejection fraction (EF) (< 50%). After adjusting for EF, risk of mortality at SBP < 120 mmHg attenuated to 3.4 (95% CI: 0.7 – 17.7, p = 0.14). Conclusion We conclude that higher mortality associated with lower BP may be mediated in part by worsening heart function in ESKD patients receiving PD.