bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Walk-in Clinic Fever
Authors: Fisher Pam , Warren Clive 
Published: June 2014

Fever is a symptom that can mean anything between nothing and a life-threatening illness Fever or a febrile state is defined as a high body temperature associated with a systemic inflammatory response (Thibodeau, 1992). It can occur when bacteria, toxins, viruses or other agents are phagocytozed by leucocytes, which in turn produce chemicals called pyrogens: literally, fever makers (Uphold, 1994). Pam Fisher and Clive Warren consider the possible causes and treatments
Nurses, patients and OTC medicine
Authors: Martin Margaret , Meek Ros 
Published: June 2014

The last 5 years have seen a huge rise in self-care, a wider availability of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, and increased public demand for more information and advice about their treatments and medicines. How are practice nurses responding to this challenge? In this series of three articles, we explore patients' expectations and nurses' views on making OTC recommendations, and consider the issues raised by these for teaching, research and health policy.
OTCs: what patients ask nurses
Authors: Martin Margaret , Meek Ros 
Published: June 2014

In the second article of this series exploring patients' expectations and nurses' views on making OTC recommendations, we hear from three practice nurses about the questions the public ask, the evidence-base nurses can use when responding to those questions, and what kind of guidance would be helpful. There has been a significant rise in self-care and in the public's demand to have more information and advice about their treatments. The public may use a wide range of sources of health information, but the role of the health professional as expert broker is still paramount.
Walk-in Clinic: Shortness of breath
Authors: Fisher Pam , Glenn Kate 
Published: June 2014

Patients express shortness of breath (SOB) in different ways, but do they really mean breathless (Dyspnoea) or do they mean that they are fatigued or that they can't take a deep breath due to pain? True SOB refers to the symptom of laboured or difficult breathing (Thibodeau, 1992) and may be defined as an undue awarenes of respiratory effort or the need to increase this effort (Ogilvie, 1997). Pam Fisher and Kate Glenn discuss possible causes, diagnosis and treatment
Expanding the European novel (1830–1920)
Authors: Artiaga Loïc 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Literature, having become the book-text, drew new power from its ability to convince that it could account for the world and express its changes. But the novel was not only a privileged form for representing the world in the new era of capital. It also became a commodity. This article draw synthetically from two different bodies of research that have produced separate sets of objects and tools over the last twenty years: those concerned with the organization of a global book market, and those concerned with the evolution of popular forms. Following the expansion of the popular novel, this work underline common processes in the making of reading markets, shared imagined references – where classical historical history of literature focuses on national making, and links between the strong points of European culture.
The transnational circulation of comic strips before 1945
Authors: Glaude Benoît , Odaert Olivier 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The transnational circulation of comic strips began as soon as comics appeared as an art form. Before 1945, the names of the pioneers were rapidly eclipsed by the success of the medium, making it difficult to establish geographic lines of descent, and more generally a ‘genealogy’ of the medium. This article describes a few of the trends at work in the different mechanisms of transnational circulation during the first century of this medium’s history (1830–1945). It focuses on the work of little-known go-betweens – influential in their time but since forgotten, like popular imagery artists in the 1870s, and Martin Branner in the 1920s – which explains apparent gaps and anachronisms in the transnational circulation of comic strips.
The Hound of the Baskervilles: Chronicle of a mediatic success
Authors: Levet Natacha 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
The Hound of the Baskervilles is one of the most famous holmesian stories. Of course, there are many reasons for this extraordinary success, an immediate, lasting and worldwide success. Above all, the publishing and circulation methods of this novel are representative of the twentieth-century media tic culture. Indeed, the novel takes place in a serial process, previously elaborate (the first Holmesian narrative was published in 1887), offering both Holmesian tradition and innovation in its poetic. Arthur Conan Doyle pursues the process of mythification for Sherlock Holmes as a hero. The Hound of the Baskervilles is the most transposed of all the Holmesian stories: origin and result at a time of this durable success.
Translations, adaptations and cross media storytelling in Europe from 1830 to 1930
Authors: Migozzi Jacques 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
Between 1830 and 1930, Europe underwent radical change and entered modernity, by the emersion and expansion of a multimedia and mass culture, crossing linguistic and national boundaries and overturning cultural practices, sparking the imagination of countless individuals and providing new and cosmopolitan icons for the collective imagination. The history and main aspects of this cultural New Deal are first described, to emphasize afterwards that transmedia storytelling and convergence culture could be early observed on a wide European and even intercontinental scale, within the framework of the first multimedia ‘common market’ of European fiction. This argument will be illustrated by drawing from a wide range of examples.
Bredon–Poincaré duality groups
Authors: St. John-Green Simon 
Published: June 2014

Abstract
If G is a group which admits a manifold model for BG then G is a Poincaré duality group. We study a generalisation of Poincaré duality groups, introduced initially by Davis and Leary in [High-Dimensional Manifold Topology,
World Scientific, Singapore (2003), 139–150], motivated by groups G with cocompact manifold models M for E̠G where MH
is a contractible submanifold for all finite subgroups H of G. We give several sources of examples and constructions of these Bredon–Poincaré duality groups, including using the equivariant reflection group trick of Davis and Leary to construct examples of Bredon–Poincaré duality groups arising from actions on manifolds M where the dimensions of the submanifolds MH
are specified. We classify Bredon–Poincaré duality groups in low dimensions, and discuss behaviour under group extensions and graphs of groups.
A Glowworm Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicle Path Planning
Authors: Tang Zhonghua , Zhou Yongquan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractUninhabited combat air vehicle (UCAV) path planning is a complicated, high-dimension optimization problem. To solve this problem, we present in this article an improved glowworm swarm optimization (GSO) algorithm based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, which we call the PGSO algorithm. In PGSO, the mechanism of a glowworm individual was modified via the individual generation mechanism of PSO. Meanwhile, to improve the presented algorithm’s convergence rate and computational accuracy, we reference the idea of parallel hybrid mutation and local search near the global optimal location. To prove the performance of the proposed algorithm, PGSO was compared with 10 other population-based optimization methods. The experiment results show that the proposed approach is more effective in UCAV path planning than most of the other meta-heuristic algorithms.
GIVING ADVICE IN NICARAGUA AND PANAMA
Authors: Platz Ryan 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWhile empirical pragmatic research in the Spanish-speaking world has covered most of the Hispanosphere, Central America remains a very underrepresented region. This study serves to fill this gap in the literature by analyzing data collected from eighteen role-plays in Masaya, Nicaragua and Panama City, Panama. In the role-play situation, the interlocutor requests advice from the participant (her best friend) regarding a serious issue in her marriage. The advice-giving strategies are classified according to a categorization adapted from Blum-Kulka’s (1989) request strategy taxonomy, allowing for a pragmatic analysis using Spencer-Oatey’s (2005) Rapport Management approach.Results indicate strong similarities between participants from Nicaragua and Panama, both electing to respect all components of the association principle and to violate the equity principle, especially its autonomy control component. In this advice-giving context between best friends, both groups prefer to impose their opinions and suggestions rather than respect the person’s right to be treated fairly, as well as to maintain a rapport-enhancing orientation rather than preserve their right to associate with others. The results show similarities with other research on directives in the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Venezuela and Spain, cultures typically associated with less mitigation, positive politeness, conventional indirectness and high involvement
THE ROLE OF LEARNER SUBJECTIVITY AND KOREAN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS’ PRAGMATIC CHOICES
Authors: Eslami Zohreh R. , Kim Heekyoung , Wright Katherine L. , Burlbaw Lynn M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe main goal of this study was to identify factors motivating pragmatic transfer in advanced learners of English. Based on a cross-cultural comparison of requesting behavior between Koreans and Americans, this study determined the impact of individual subjective motives on pragmatic language choice. Two different groups of subjects participated in this study: 30 Korean participants (KK) and 30 American college students (AE). Data were collected by using a Discourse Completion Task (DCT). Korean (KK) participants provided the data for Korean (KK) and English versions of DCT (KE). Semi-structured interviews were also conducted with 13 Korean ESL learners who showed the most and least amount of pragmatic transfer. Findings showed evidence of pragmatic transfer in the request responses given by Korean ESL learners in their requestive strategies, level of directness, and perspectives of head acts. The interview data revealed that Korean students were conscious of differing rules for making requests. Learners’ judgment of L2 pragmatic norms, perception of their own language, and their attitudes of the target language influence language use. Furthermore, findings showed that purpose of learning English, different types of motivation, and the length of intended residence contribute to the extent of pragmatic transfer
WHERE ARE YOU FROM? – OR THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE FOR IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION
Authors: Waldhubel Noémie 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to show the importance of intercultural competence for identity construction in a globalized world. Pedagogical, as well as methodological approaches are given to show how intercultural competence is implemented by Ethnologie in Schule und Erwachsenenbildung, a Germany-based NGO.
Bacterial meningitis as a first presentation of pituitary macroprolactinoma
Authors: Margari Niki , Page Simon 
Published: June 2014

Summary
A 56-year-old man was brought to the Emergency Department after being found collapsed at his office with a reduced level of consciousness. From clinical examination and initial investigations, he was diagnosed as having bacterial meningitis and was promptly commenced on empirical i.v. antibiotics. Computed tomography of the brain revealed a parenchymal mass at the base of the skull and subsequent magnetic resonance imaging of the head 4 days later confirmed a large soft tissue mass, which extended through to the cavernous sinus. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following lumbar puncture confirmed pneumococcal meningitis and antibiotics were continued for 2 weeks in total. During the admission, hormone profiling revealed a grossly elevated prolactin. When coupled with the initial results of the brain imaging, this result helped to confirm a macroprolactinoma that was invading the postnasal space. A final diagnosis of pneumococcal meningitis secondary to invading prolactinoma was made. The patient was started on cabergoline and was followed up in the outpatient clinic upon discharge. He made a full recovery from the meningitis. Over the next few months, prolactin levels returned to be normal and the prolactinoma shrank significantly in size. The patient remains on cabergoline that will most likely be continued indefinitely.

Learning points

Bacterial meningitis is a rare first presentation of pituitary macroprolactinoma.

Patients with invasive macroprolactinoma do not always present with CSF leakage.

Prompt treatment with antibiotics and a dopamine agonist is of great importance for a favourable outcome.

Close monitoring of the patient for signs of raised intracranial pressure is essential in the management of macroprolactinoma.

Note the risk of CSF leakage after initiation of dopamine agonist therapy irrespective of concomitant meningitis in macroprolactinoma.
Subclinical hypothyroidism represents an additional risk factor for coronary artery calcification, especially in subjects with intermediate and high cardiovascular risk scores
Authors: Silva Nathalie , Santos Olga , Morais Felipe , Gottlieb Ilan , Hadlich Macelo , Rothstein Tamara , Tauil Milena , Veras Nathalia , Vaisman Mario , Teixeira Patricia de Fátima 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveSeveral studies have suggested an association between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in asymptomatic patients with SCH by measuring the coronary artery calcium score (CACS).DesignA total of 222 asymptomatic subjects (103 SCH and 119 euthyroid (EU)), who were between the ages of 35 and 65 years and had no previous history of CAD, were enrolled for this cross-sectional analysis.MethodsThe criteria for SCH included a confirmed normal serum free thyroxine and high TSH levels. Lipid profile, Framingham risk score (FRS) and CACS analyses were performed for all subjects.ResultsThe SCH and EU groups were comparable with respect to age, gender, BMI and frequency of diabetes, systemic arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia and smoking. There was no difference in the median CACS between the SCH and EU groups. However, in the subgroup of subjects with intermediate/high FRS (AR10y≥10%), CACS was higher in the SCH subjects compared with EU subjects (EU vs SCH, 0.0 (57.0) vs 23.0 (161.5);P=0.045). Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk for CACS >100 was independently associated with male gender, age >55 years, and the presence of simultaneous SCH and AR10y≥10% (OR=87.5 (CI=2.1–3500);P=0.001). Serum TSH was positively correlated with CACS, especially in intermediate/high FRS subjects (rs=0.301,P=0.045).ConclusionsIt was demonstrated that SCH represents an additional risk factor for CAD, notably in intermediate and high FRS subjects.
Prevalence of unknown thyroid disorders in a Sardinian cohort
Authors: Delitala Alessandro P , Pilia Maria Grazia , Ferreli Liana , Loi Francesco , Curreli Nicolò , Balaci Lenuta , Schlessinger David , Cucca Francesco 
Published: June 2014

ObjectiveTo assess thyroid function, the presence of thyroid antibodies, as well as the presence of goiter and/or nodules in subjects without a prior diagnosis of thyroid disorders, in a region with mild to moderate iodine deficiency.Design and methodsThis cross-sectional study is based on data obtained from first and third visits of participants in the Sardinian survey. We performed two different analyses. In one, we assessed the prevalence of unknown thyroid dysfunctions among 6252 subjects who had a medical examination and blood collection for assays of thyrotropin, free thyroxine, and antibodies against thyroperoxidase (AbTPO) and against thyroglobulin (AbTG). In a second analysis, we evaluated the frequency of undiagnosed goiter and nodules among 3377 subjects who had a thyroid ultrasound scan. Subjects were excluded if they had a previous history of thyroid disorders or presence of goiter and/or nodules, or thyroid surgery, or if they were taking drugs that could impair thyroid function.ResultsWe found a low prevalence of overt thyroid dysfunction (hyperthyroidism 0.4% and hypothyroidism 0.7%). The rates of subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were 4.7 and 2.4% respectively. Almost 16% of participants were positive for at least one antibody and 5.2% for both AbTG and AbTPO. Nodules were detected in 17.4% of subjects and the prevalence of goiter was 22.1%.ConclusionsUndiagnosed biochemical thyroid dysfunctions, unknown nodules, and goiter were common in subjects living in a mild to moderate iodine-deficient area. In this community, thyroid disorders often go undetected and screening could be reasonable in subjects at a higher risk.
Effect of network structure from different processing conditions on the mechanical property of semi-crystalline polymers
Authors: Dong Xin , McDowell David , Jacob Karl 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTSemi-crystalline structures were prepared from different processing condition. Biaxial oriented melt were crystallized at 375 K and atmospheric pressure for 10 nanoseconds (ns), to generate a lamellar semi-crystalline structure. Similar structures were also prepared from deformation of a cubic amorphous initial structure isothermally at 375 K. For comparison, two different thermostats, the constant stress (NPT) and constant volume (NVT) conditions were applied to the system during 10 ns of crystallization. The semi-crystalline samples shared common morphological features such as in the crystallinity, crystal orientation, lamellae thickness and density distribution, etc. However, during the subsequent uniaxial tensile deformation test of the samples to strain of 0.5, different stress-strain behaviors were demonstrated. By combining the observations of morphologies during deformation tests and analysis of the stress-strain curves, conclusions were made that the effectiveness of the network had a strong influence on the mechanical property and strain hardening behavior. The oriented network from the constant stress crystallization, owing to the taut chains, gave rise to optimal mechanical response with substantial strain-hardening.
Role of Morphology on the Large Coercive Behavior in Co80Ni20Nanowires
Authors: Gaul A. , Ouar N. , Mercone S. , Zighem F. , Schoenstein F. , Leridon B. , Farhat S. , Jouini N. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTFerromagnetic metal CoNi-based nano-objects have been synthesized in a polyol media within different elaboration conditions in order to drive their morphology (i.e. enhancing their length-to-diameter ratio ﴾d/L﴿, and changing the diameter d ratio over edge T width ﴾d/L﴿). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies revealed unexpected effects on the Co80Ni20 nano-objects arising from the magnetic field assisted synthesis. This gave us the opportunity to compare this latter to coming from the variation of Ruthenium (III) chloride hydrate nucleating agent concentration. A Co80Ni20 anisotropic particles elaboration was successfully achieved under zero magnetic field assisted synthesis, while an important percentage of isotropic nanoparticles appeared immediately under the application of a small magnetic field (i.e. H > 500 Oe). In the first case we were able to sharply drive both the aspect ratio and head morphology of nanowires (T and ﴾d/T﴿). The good crystallinity and structures symmetry of all our samples have been proved by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern analysis. Magnetic static properties showed a ferromagnetic standard behavior with a coercive field efficiency which was strongly dependent on shape parameters. The magnetic static behavior was studied within a standard Stoner-Wohlfart model as a function of the observed morphologies. Our observations are fully consistent with a shape anisotropy origin behavior of the enhanced coercivity measured as function of the decreasing ﴾d/L﴿ ratio. However, they revealed the presence of contributions to the global effective anisotropy coming from other complex terms then the shape one (i.e. conic head impressiveness, dipolar interactions and magnetocrystalline anisotropy).
Ohmic and rectifying contacts to n-SiC formed by energetic deposition of carbon
Authors: Kracica Masturina , Partridge Jim G. , McCulloch Dougal G. , Leech Patrick W. , Holland Anthony S. , Reeves Geoff K. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTEnergetically-deposited carbon contacts to n-type 6H-SiC have exhibited either insulating, rectifying or ohmic electrical characteristics depending on the average energy of the depositing flux and the substrate temperature. Deposition at room temperature and at a low-medium average energy (<500 eV) has resulted in carbon with a low graphitic content and insulating electrical contacts. With higher average energy and at a moderately elevated temperature (∼100 °C), the higher graphitic content contacts were rectifying with an ideality factor, η, of ∼1.8 and barrier height of ∼0.88 eV. Oriented graphitic carbon deposited at 200 °C with biases exceeding 300 V formed ohmic contacts.
A novel 3C-SiC on Si power Schottky diode design and modelling
Authors: Li Fan , Sharma Yogesh K. , Fisher Craig A. , Jennings Michael R. , Mawby Philip A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough 3C-SiC has a narrower bandgap than 4H-SiC, it is the only SiC polytype that can be grown directly over large area silicon substrates. It has the potential to provide a more economical choice than 4H-SiC for intermediate power devices, such as inverters for electric vehicles. To fabricate a vertical device on 3C-SiC, the Si substrate is usually removed either by etching or polishing. Neither of these processes is economical nor efficient. In this paper we propose a lateral Schottky diode design for 3C-SiC on Si structure. 2D finite element simulations using ATLAS showed that a breakdown voltage beyond 1200 V can be achieved with a 4 μm thick epilayer. Physical models used for 3C-SiC/Si power devices simulations are introduced. Advantages of lateral 3C-SiC/Si diodes over free standing 3C-SiC are also discussed.
DNA-Assisted Dispersion of Multi-Walled CNTs in Epoxy Polymer Matrix
Authors: Laurenzi Susanna , Sirilli Matteo , Pinna Mirko , Gabriella Santonicola M. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTThe homogeneous dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a polymer matrix is a critical parameter that significantly affects the electrical and mechanical properties of CNT-based composite materials, and represents an important challenge to overcome during the manufacturing process of these materials. In our work we used double-stranded DNA to facilitate the dispersion of multi-walled CNTs in solution prior to the integration in epoxy resin PRIME 20 LV. Composites containing DNA-wrapped CNTs were prepared using sonication at 0.5 wt.% CNT loading and the dispersion level in the composite CNT/PRIME 20 LV was observed under an optical microscope. Nanoindentation experiments were conducted to determine the local mechanical properties of the CNT/PRIME 20 LV composites films after cure, showing a significant improvement in their distribution across the sample surface as a result of the enhanced CNT dispersion by DNA. An electrical test to assess the stability of the CNTs dispersion in the resin was developed by measuring the conductivity of the composite mixture before cure in time. Results of the electrical measurements indicate that the CNT/PRIME 20 LV mixture with DNA-wrapped CNTs is stable for several days after preparation.