bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Study of Impact Plasto-Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Point Contact Problems Lubricated With Non-Newtonian Lubricant
Authors: Chen Hsing-Yi , Li Wang-Long 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, the impact of a rigid ball on a substrate with lubricant in between is examined. A linear hardening model for the elastic/plastic substrate deformation is assumed. A power-law model is used to describe the lubricant rheology. Throughout the impact period, variations in the pressure distribution, the film thickness distribution, the velocity of a rigid ball, the impact load, the von Mises stress distribution, and the plastic strain distribution on the substrate are calculated. The special cases of ET = E in the present impact plasto-elastohydrodynamic lubrication (PEHL) results are in good agreement with previous impact elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) results using a power-law model. The variation of central pressure over time in the PEHL model is flatter and lower compared to that in the EHL model. The significant difference shows that the plastic deformation mechanism should be considered in the simulation. The results indicate that as the flow index (n) increases, the central pressure and central film thickness increase, the pressure spike occurs earlier, and the rigid ball's rebounding velocity and maximum impact load decrease. Moreover, as the tangent modulus of the linear hardening model of the substrate increases, the rigid ball's rebounding velocity and the maximum impact load increase, and the substrate deformation and plastic strain decrease.
Static Characteristics and Dynamic Coefficients of a Gas–Oil-Lubricated Journal Bearing Under a Pressurized Refrigerant Environment
Authors: Wang Che , Zhang Zhaodong , Huang Yuhua , Zhao Zibo , Zhong Hua , Wu Jianhua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The journal bearing is pivotal for the advancement of refrigerant compressors. While the gas–oil lubrication mechanism has been explored in some previous studies, the dynamic coefficients of gas–oil-lubricated bearings in pressurized refrigerant environments remain understudied. This article introduces a comprehensive analysis that extends the solubility-based compressible Reynolds equation (CRE) to derive the perturbed pressure in response to journal displacement and velocity. The approach generalizes the partial differential CRE (PDCRE) to calculate the dynamic coefficients, offering new insights into the dynamic coefficients of gas–oil-lubricated journal bearings under high-pressure conditions. The results delineate a notable elevation in the attitude angles under a pressurized refrigerant environment. It is also observed that the direct stiffness and coupled damping coefficients of two-phase bearings, especially under light-load scenarios, are significantly higher than the results from low-ambient pressure scenarios. Besides, higher rotational speeds increase the Sommerfeld number and attitude angle, yet concurrently reduce the stiffness and damping coefficients. The numerical results indicate that the characteristics of the investigated gas–oil-lubricated journal bearing are significantly different from those in atmospheric conditions, which should be meticulously considered in the bearing design and simulation of a high-pressure compressor.
A Modular Cervical Retractor System for Multilevel ACDF Surgeries
Authors: Scheerer Sarah , Rainey Rebecca , Darden Jordan , Olasunkanmi Adeolu , Arena Christopher B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the United States, approximately 132,000 Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) surgeries are performed every year [2]. It is one of the most common spine surgeries performed on patients who are experiencing pain, numbness, and weakness in their neck, shoulders, and arms caused by herniated intervertebral discs compressing their spinal cord or nerve roots. ACDF surgeries can be single level, removing one intervertebral disc and fusing the vertebrae, or multilevel, two to five intervertebral discs removed and vertebra fused. To reach the cervical spine anteriorly, surgeons must move the surrounding anatomy using a retractor system. This provides a visualization window and protection of the surrounding anatomy. Many of the current retractor systems on the market are designed for single level surgeries; however, multilevel surgeries are more common. Current retractor designs leave patients receiving multilevel surgeries at risk for surgical device accidents or related incidents during surgery and are bulky, limiting the surgeons’ mobility. To resolve this need, we have designed a modular retractor system with a sleek, rectangular design that will accommodate multiple blades of varying widths to protect the surrounding anatomy and significantly reduce the space consumed. An ImageJ analysis showed that the newly designed modular retractor is over 50% smaller in area compared to retractors currently in use. Future design development is underway to better accommodate the patient’s jaw for access to higher level discs and to refine the blade-to-vertebrae connection.
The Effects of Social Support on Athlete Burnout and Well-Being in Female Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Gray Haleigh , Moran Ryan N. , Elder Elizabeth , Wilkerson Amanda , Chaney Elizabeth , Gilmore-Childress Ginger , Wallace Jessica 
Published: August 2024

Context: Psychological concerns, such as athlete burnout and diminished well-being, have become a more recognized problem among collegiate student-athletes due to substantial demands. The purpose of this study was to determine if (1) an association exists between athlete burnout and well-being in female collegiate student-athletes and (2) social support has a main or buffering-effect on well-being and athlete burnout. Design: Cross-sectional. Methods: 174 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I female collegiate student-athletes were recruited from a single institution to participate. A web-based survey was distributed via Qualtrics during the middle of an academic semester. The following scales were utilized to evaluate social support, athlete burnout, and well-being: Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire, Athlete Burnout Questionnaire, and Warwick Edinburgh Metal Well-Being Scale. Results: Correlation analyses presented a significant negative, moderate correlation (r = −.58, P < .001) between athlete burnout and well-being as well as between social support and athlete burnout (r = −.526, P < .001). A moderate, positive correlation was identified between social support and well-being (r = .604, P < .001). Social support was a significant predictor for reduced sense of accomplishment (F1,172 = 68.32, P < .001), physical and emotional exhaustion (F1,172 = 22.00, P < .001), sport devaluation (F1,172 = 56.51, P < .001), and well-being (F1,172 = 115.3, P < .001). Conclusion: Findings provide new information on theory-based considerations for reducing athlete burnout and improving well-being in female collegiate student-athletes.
Two amino acid residues in the N-terminal region of the polymerase acidic protein determine the virulence of Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza viruses in mice
Authors: Yang Yuying , Xu Chengzhi , Zhang Naixin , Wan Yunfei , Wu Yunpu , Meng Fei , Chen Yan , Yang Huanliang , Liu Liling , Qiao Chuanling , Chen Hualan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Reassortant Eurasian avian-like H1N1 (rEA H1N1) viruses carrying the internal genes of H1N1/2009 virus have been circulating in pigs for more than 10 years and have caused sporadic human infections. The enhanced virulence phenotype of the rEA H1N1 viruses highlights potential risks to public health. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the viral pathogenicity of the currently circulating rEA H1N1 viruses remains unclear. In this study, we found that two naturally isolated rEA H1N1 swine influenza viruses, A/swine/Liaoning/FX38/2017 (FX38) and A/swine/Liaoning/SY72/2018 (SY72), possessed similar genetic characteristics but exhibited significantly different pathogenicity in a mouse model. Using reverse genetics, we demonstrated that amino acid mutations at positions 100 and 122 in the polymerase acidic (PA) protein had individual and synergistic effects on the polymerase activity and viral replication capacity
in vitro
, as well as the viral pathogenicity in mice. Furthermore, we revealed that amino acid residue 100 in PA influenced the transcription of viral RNA (vRNA) by altering the endonuclease activity, and amino acid residue 122 affected the synthesis of complementary RNA and messenger RNA by altering the RNA-binding ability and endonuclease activity of the PA protein. Taken together, we identified that two naturally occurring amino acid mutations in PA derived from H1N1/2009 virus are crucial determinants of the virulence of rEA H1N1 viruses and revealed the differential mechanism by which these two mutations affect the transcription and replication of vRNA. These findings will extend our understanding of the roles of PA in the virulence of influenza A viruses.

IMPORTANCE
Multiple genetic determinants are involved in the virulence of influenza A viruses. In this study, we identified two naturally occurring amino acid mutations, located at residues 100 and 122 in the polymerase acidic (PA) protein, which are associated with viral polymerase activity, replication competence, and pathogenicity in mice. In particular, we clarified the specific mechanism by which the two residues play an important role in viral transcription and replication. These findings will help to improve understanding the functions of amino acid residues in the N-terminal region of the PA protein involved in the pathogenicity of influenza A viruses.
Cell cycle-regulated transcription factor AP2XII-9 is a key activator for asexual division and apicoplast inheritance in
Toxoplasma gondii
tachyzoite
Authors: Shi Yuehong , Li Xuan , Xue Yingying , Hu Dandan , Song Xingju 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Toxoplasma gondii
is an intracellular parasitic protozoan that poses a significant risk to the fetus carried by a pregnant woman or to immunocompromised individuals.
T. gondii
tachyzoites duplicate rapidly in host cells during acute infection through endodyogeny. This highly regulated division process is accompanied by complex gene regulation networks. TgAP2XII-9 is a cell cycle-regulated transcription factor, but its specific role in the parasite cell cycle is not fully understood. In this study, we demonstrate that TgAP2XII-9 is identified as a nuclear transcription factor and is dominantly expressed during the S/M phase of the tachyzoite cell cycle. Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation (CUT&Tag) results indicate that TgAP2XII-9 targets key genes for the moving junction machinery (RON2, 4, and 8) and daughter cell inner membrane complex (IMC). TgAP2XII-9 deficiency resulted in a significant downregulation of rhoptry proteins and rhoptry neck proteins, leading to a severe defect in the invasion and egress efficiency of tachyzoites. Additionally, the loss of TgAP2XII-9 correlated with a substantial downregulation of multiple IMC and apicoplast proteins, leading to disorders of daughter bud formation and apicoplast inheritance and further contributing to the inability of cell division and intracellular proliferation. Our study reveals that TgAP2XII-9 acts as a critical S/M-phase regulator that orchestrates the endodyogeny and apicoplast division in
T. gondii
tachyzoites. This study contributes to a broader understanding of the complexity of the parasite’s cell cycle and its key regulators.

IMPORTANCE

The intracellular apicoplast parasite
Toxoplasma gondii
poses a great threat to the public health. The acute infection of
T. gondii
tachyzoites relies on efficient invasion by forming a moving junction structure and also fast replication by highly regulated endodyogeny. This study shows that an ApiAP2 transcription factor, TgAP2XII-9, acts as an activator for the S/M-phase gene expression, including genes related to daughter buds and moving junction formation. Loss of TgAP2XII-9 results in significant growth defects and disorders in endodyogeny and apicoplast inheritance of the parasites. Our results provide valuable insights into the transcriptional regulation of the parasite cell cycle and invading machinery in
T. gondii
.
Genome sequence of
Bacillus pumilus
RI06-95 isolated during a
Microcystis
bloom in lake Champlain, USA
Authors: Barkley Ashley , Felix Kermisha , Myers Luke , Ankrah Nana Y. D. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the complete genome sequence of
Bacillus pumilus
RI06-95 isolated during a
Microcystis
bloom in Lake Champlain. The assembled genome comprises a 3.8 Mbp chromosome with a GC content of 42%, and two plasmids, pPZZ84 6.4 Kbp, GC content 37% and pSHB9 97Kbp, GC content 36%.
Effects of muscle strength training combined with aerobic training versus aerobic training alone on cardiovascular disease risk indicators in patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Terada Tasuku , Pap Robert , Thomas Abby , Wei Roger , Noda Takumi , Visintini Sarah , Reed Jennifer L 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveTo compare the effects of aerobic training combined with muscle strength training (hereafter referred to as combined training) to aerobic training alone on cardiovascular disease risk indicators in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesMEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, trial registries and grey literature sources were searched in February 2024.Eligibility criteriaRandomised clinical trials comparing the effects of ≥4 weeks of combined training and aerobic training alone on at least one of the following outcomes: cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), anthropometric and haemodynamic measures and cardiometabolic blood biomarkers in patients with CAD.ResultsOf 13 246 studies screened, 23 were included (N=916). Combined training was more effective in increasing CRF (standard mean difference (SMD) 0.26, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.49, p=0.03) and lean body mass (mean difference (MD) 0.78 kg, 95% CI 0.39 kg to 1.17 kg, p<0.001), and reducing per cent body fat (MD −2.2%, 95% CI −3.5% to −0.9%, p=0.001) compared with aerobic training alone. There were no differences in the cardiometabolic biomarkers between the groups. Our subgroup analyses showed that combined training increases CRF more than aerobic training alone when muscle strength training was added to aerobic training without compromising aerobic training volume (SMD 0.36, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.68, p=0.02).ConclusionCombined training had greater effects on CRF and body composition than aerobic training alone in patients with CAD. To promote an increase in CRF in patients with CAD, muscle strength training should be added to aerobic training without reducing aerobic exercise volume.
Risk of dementia after initiation of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in adults aged 40-69 years with type 2 diabetes: population based cohort study
Authors: Shin Anna , Koo Bo Kyung , Lee Jun Young , Kang Eun Ha 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
To compare the risk of dementia associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in adults aged 40-69 years with type 2 diabetes.

Design
Population based cohort study.

Setting
Korean National Health Insurance Service data, 2013-21.

Participants
110 885 propensity score matched pairs of adults with type 2 diabetes aged 40-69 years who were initiators of either an SGLT-2 inhibitor or a DPP-4 inhibitor.

Main outcome measures
The primary outcome was new onset dementia. Secondary outcomes were dementia requiring drug treatment and individual types of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Control outcomes were genital infections (positive), and osteoarthritis related clinical encounters and cataract surgery (negative). Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox models. Follow-up time stratified analyses (>2 years and ≤2 years) and subgroup analyses by age, sex, concomitant use of metformin, and baseline cardiovascular risk were performed.

Results
110 885 propensity score matched pairs of initiators of an SGLT-2 inhibitor or a DPP-4 inhibitor were followed-up for a mean 670 (standard deviation 650) days, generating 1172 people with newly diagnosed dementia: incidence rate 0.22 per 100 person years in initiators of SGLT-2 inhibitors and 0.35 per 100 person years in initiators of DPP-4 inhibitors, with hazard ratios of 0.65 (95% CI 0.58 to 0.73) for dementia, 0.54 (0.46 to 0.63) for dementia requiring drugs, 0.61 (0.53 to 0.69) for Alzheimer’s disease, and 0.48 (0.33 to 0.70) for vascular dementia. The hazard ratios for the control outcomes were 2.67 (2.57 to 2.77) for genital infections, 0.97 (0.95 to 0.98) for osteoarthritis related encounters, and 0.92 (0.89 to 0.96) for cataract surgery. When calibrated for residual confounding measured by cataract surgery, the hazard ratio for dementia was 0.70 (0.62 to 0.80). The association was greater for more than two years of treatment (hazard ratio of dementia 0.57, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.70) than for two years or less (0.52, 0.41 to 0.66) and persisted across subgroups.

Conclusion
SGLT-2 inhibitors might prevent dementia, providing greater benefits with longer treatment. As this study was observational and therefore prone to residual confounding and informative censoring, the effect size could have been overestimated. Randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Physiotherapy interventions in post- and long-COVID-19: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Gartmann Judith , Sturm Christian , Boekel Andrea 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionPost- or long-COVID-19 conditions manifest with a spectrum of symptoms reminiscent of pulmonary, musculoskeletal, psychological and neurological disorders. Individuals with post- or long-COVID-19 syndrome often present with myalgia, pulmonary problems and fatigue, which significantly impact their daily functioning. Physiotherapy interventions are an accepted medical remedy for these symptoms. This scoping review aims to outline the evidence of physiotherapy interventions documented in the scientific literature, specifically focusing on hands-on therapy.Methods and analysisThis scoping review conforms to the methodological framework established by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The procedure for drafting a scoping review involves several steps, starting with defining the research question and the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eligible studies are those analysing physiotherapy treatment parameters for direct patient interaction in post- and long-COVID-19 patients. Telemedicine and entirely home-based workouts will be excluded aligning with the context of outpatient physiotherapy in Germany. The literature search will be conducted in PubMed, EBSCO research, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, PEDRO, Cochrane and WISO databases by two independent researchers. Screening, data extraction and a critical appraisal will be performed by these researchers using assessment tools provided by the JBI. Extracted data will encompass demographic characteristics, definitions of post- or long-COVID-19 conditions, descriptions of interventions, their treatment parameters and treatment outcome. Subsequently, findings will be disseminated through a scoping review article or conference presentation.Ethics and disseminationGiven that this review does not involve human participants, ethical committee approval is deemed unnecessary. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at academic and physiotherapeutic conferences.
Predicting risk factors for acute pain after hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery: an observational case control study
Authors: Zhang Hui , Yang Yi Tian , Jiang Lulu , Xu Xiaodong , Zhang Jiaqiang , Zhang Lianzhong 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundInadequate postoperative analgesia is associated with increased risks of various postoperative complications, longer hospital stay, decreased quality of life and higher costs.ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the risk factors for moderate-to-severe postoperative pain within the first 24 hours and 24–48 hours after major hepatobiliary pancreatic surgery.MethodsData of patients who underwent surgery at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery in Henan Provincial People’s Hospital were collected from January 2018 to August 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors of postoperative pain.ResultsIn total, 2180 patients were included in the final analysis. 183 patients (8.4%) suffered moderate-to-severe pain within 24 hours after operation. The independent risk factors associated with moderate-to-severe pain 24 hours after procedures were younger age (OR, 0.97; 95% CI 0.95 to 0.98, p<0.001), lower body mass index (BMI) (OR, 0.94; 95% CI 0.89 to 0.98, p=0.018), open surgery (OR, 0.34; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.52, p<0.001), and postoperative analgesia protocol with sufentanil (OR, 4.38; 95% CI 3.2 to 5.99, p<0.001). Postoperative hospital stay was longer in patients with inadequate analgesia (p<0.05).ConclusionAge, BMI, laparoscopic surgery, and different analgesic drugs were significant predictors of postoperative pain after major hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery.Trial registrationChiCTR2100049726.
Children’s participation in the development, use and evaluation of support interventions for children of a parent diagnosed with cancer: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Samuelsson Maria , Möllerberg Marie-Louise , Edman Kristina , Hansson Kristofer , Enskär Karin , Wennick Anne 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAt times of parental cancer, children’s health and well-being are at risk, which is why interventions to support these children have been developed. When developing such interventions, engagement of the population under study in research is endorsed to enhance relevance of research questions and to enhance uptake and dissemination of the findings. Since no previous review has mapped the ways children participate in the development, use and evaluation of these support interventions, the focus of the upcoming scoping review is to identify gaps in the literature for guidance of future research.Methods and analysisThe scoping review is guided by the methodological framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley. A preliminary search strategy was performed in PubMed in November 2020, refined in March 2021 and applied in PubMed, PsycINFO and CINAHL. Additional searches were performed in Google Scholar and SwePub, and reference lists were hand searched. Refined searches will be conducted in February 2024. The multidisciplinary research team will independently screen titles, abstracts and full-text articles for relevance. Then, relevant studies will be critically evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal Skills Tools. Data will be extracted using an extraction form and analysed deductively. A descriptive summary of study characteristics and the research process will be presented, including a flow chart. The reporting of the study will be guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist.Ethics and disseminationBeing a secondary analysis, ethical approval is not needed. Still, relevant studies will be reviewed for ethical approval as a criterion for inclusion. The findings will be used to inform future studies and will be published in a scientific journal as well as presented at conferences and organisations for children’s rights.