bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance in community-based management of childhood illnesses and factors associated with its effective implementation in Burkina Faso
Authors: OUEDRAOGO Hamed Sidwaya , Kaboré Ahmed , Traore Badra Ali , Mano Moumai , SOME Sohinte , Ouoba/Kabore Boezemwende , Maiga Massoudou Harouna , SOURA Abdramane , Drabo Maxime Koine 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Burkina Faso gives high priority to improving maternal and child health. Several community interventions have been developed following the adoption of primary health care. Following the adoption of free community care services and the recruitment of community health workers to strengthen community management of childhood illnesses, we conducted a formative performance evaluation and a search for factors associated with its effective application.
Methods
We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study using data collected from March 19 to 30, 2023 and January 12 to 30, 2024 in the health districts of Boussé and Boussouma in Burkina Faso through a survey, focus groups and a literature review, then analyzed with SPSS 25 and Nvivo.
Results
Community management of childhood illnesses is implemented in various ways in different health districts. Data from 2017 to 2022 clearly shows that the proportion of malaria cases confirmed with rapid diagnostic tests and treated at community level has evolved globally. On the other hand, management of diarrhea and pneumonia is inadequate. Factors such as the health district of origin, difficulties faced in transporting inputs and the regularity of Community based health workers premium payments determines significantly the availability of curative care in the community.
Conclusions
Despite the measures to provide free care and recruit CBHWs to support the implementation of the Community Integrated Management of Childhood Illness, health facility adherence and a number of other essential factors are hampering the availability of basic care in the desired community. There is an inequity of access to community health care reducing the impact of free health care and the recruitment of community-based health workers on certain populations.
Trial registration
This study used data generated by the system. Surveys and data extraction were carried out after obtaining authorization from the Ministry of Health's Health Research Ethics Committee.
Summary of emergency treatment experience of acute urethral trauma in girls
Authors: Wang Guannan , Sun Ning , Zhang Weiping , Tian Jun , Li Minglei , Song Hongcheng , Lin Defu , He Meng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To summarize our treatment experience of acute urethral trauma in girls.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed six girls with acute urethral trauma who were admitted to our hospital from April 2003 to April 2023 and followed up.
Results
All six patients had pelvic fractures and vaginal injuries, and one had a rectal injury. Five showed a large amount of fresh blood flowing from the perineum and an inability to urinate. However, the remaining patient had a more insidious onset, causing the emergency doctors to miss the diagnosis. Four had severe perineal tearing and had lost their normal urethral and vaginal openings, making urinary catheter insertion impossible. The diagnosis was very clear. The other two were diagnosed with urethrovaginal injury during cystourethroscopy. Five underwent urethral and vaginal repair surgery within 7 days after the injury, and two of them developed complications requiring endoscopy or reoperation. Postoperative questionnaire scoring showed that four patients had normal urinary function and two had mild dysfunction.
Conclusion
The diagnosis of acute urethral trauma in girls requires vigilance. If the patient’s vital signs are stable, emergency urethrovaginal repair surgery can be performed. Although this is difficult and requires experienced pediatric urologists, it facilitates discovery of concurrent injuries.
Association between lung cancer and bladder cancer risk: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhou Jiaqi , Fei Chunyuan , Zhang Yingqing 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The second primary cancer (SPC) poses a significant threat to lung cancer survivors, with bladder cancer being one of the most common SPCs. The relationship between lung cancer and bladder cancer has remained unclear. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the causal effect between these two cancers through bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.
Methods
Genetic instruments associated with lung cancer and its subgroups were derived from the International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO), while the data of bladder cancer was obtained from the FinnGen biobank. To estimate the causal relationship, we employed inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger, and weighted-median method. Additionally, we conducted Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger regression, Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) and leave-one-out analysis to assess potential pleiotropy effects.
Results
Our analysis revealed that genetically overall lung cancer increased the risk of bladder cancer based on the IVW and weighted median method. However, subgroup analysis showed no causal relationship between LUSC or LUAD and bladder cancer. In the reverse MR analysis, we found no evidence of any causal relationship between bladder cancer and overall lung cancer. Subgroup analysis suggested that bladder cancer increased the risk of LUSC. The assessment of heterogeneity and pleiotropy provided further support for the robustness and validity of these MR results.
Conclusions
Our study provided evidence in support of causality between lung cancer and bladder cancer in individuals of European ancestry. We should focus on SPC-bladder cancer or SPC-LUSC to intervene in time.
A Study on Mahjong Intervention to improve Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Schizophrenia: a pilot, single-blind, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Hu Renqin , Xie Zongli , Li Junyao , Luo Huirong , Guo Yanwei , Tan Jinglan , Luo Qinghua 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
Mahjong, a traditional Chinese tile-based game, has been widely reported to be closely associated with better cognitive function. However, its effects on the cognitive function of patients with schizophrenia have not yet been studied.
Method
In a pilot study, 49 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to the intervention group (Mahjong combined with standard treatment) and the control group (standard treatment). The intervention group engaged in cognitive training through Mahjong for 2 hours per day, 4 days per week for 12 weeks. Primary cognitive outcomes were assessed using Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB), while secondary outcomes were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and the Self-report Quality of Life Measure for People with Schizophrenia (SQLS). Assessments were conducted at baseline (T0), the 4th week (T1), the 8th week (T2), and the 12th week (T3).
Results
There is a significant group-by-time interaction effect in RTI and time effect in PAL. The intervention group showed significant improvements in reaction time and movement time of response to a visual target, visual memory and new learning at T3 compared to baseline. Additionally, the intervention group exhibited significant improvements in SQLS over time.
Conclusion
While this pilot study suggests that prolonged Mahjong intervention may benefit certain cognitive functions and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Further research with larger, more diverse samples and longer follow-up periods is necessary to confirm and extend these findings.
Trial registration:
The trial is registered with https://www.chictr.org.cn/ under registration number ChiCTR2400083439 (date of registration: 2024-01-25).
Risk factors of Systemic inflammatory response syndrome after minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy with a controlled irrigation pressure
Authors: Lan Senlin , Liu BoHao , Xie Siwei , Yang Chunting 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to identify the risk factors for systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) after minimally percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) with a controlled irrigation pressure and to find which patients undergoing PCNL are likely to develop SIRS under the pressure-controlled condition.
Methods
A total of 303 consecutive patients who underwent first-stage PCNL in our institute between July 2016 and June 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. All the procedures were performed with an 18F tract using an irrigation pump setting the irrigation fluid pressure at 110 mmHg and the flow rate of irrigation at 0.4L/min. SIRS and sepsis were recorded after PCNL. The demographic data, clinical features, and test results were analyzed.
Results
52 patients (17.2%) developed SIRS and only 3 patients (0.99%) further progressed to severe sepsis. The results of univariate analysis showed that the stone size, operative time, history of DM, the value of glycosylated hemoglobin, history of ipsilateral surgery, preoperative urine culture, Staghorn calculi, pelvic urine culture, stone culture, number of tracts, blood transfusion, and residual stones were found to have a significant correlation with post-PCNL SIRS (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, the stone size (OR = 3.743, p = 0.012), preoperative urine culture (OR = 2.526, p = 0.042), pelvic urine culture (OR = 13.523, p < 0.001), the number of access tract (OR = 8.945, p = 0.002), blood transfusion (OR = 26.308, p < 0.001) were identified as the independent risk factors for post-PCNL SIRS.
Conclusion
The stone size(>4cm2), positive preoperative urine culture, positive pelvic urine culture, multiple tracts, receipt of a blood transfusion are the independent risk factors for SIRS under the pressure-controlled condition. More attention should be paid when the PCNL patients have these risk factors.
Establishment and Characterization of Cri Du Chat Neuronal Stem Cells: A Novel Promising Resource to Study the Syndrome
Authors: Piovani Giovanna , Ferraro Rosalba Monica , Giliani Silvia Clara 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The Cri Du Chat (CdC) Syndrome is a rare chromosome disease condition resulting from variable size deletion occurring on the short arm of one of the chromosomes 5. This disorder, which affects one in 50,000 births, is responsible for developmental retardation, the mechanism of which has remained unexplained. TERT, SEMA5A, CTNND2, TPPP, mapped in chromosome 5 short arm, are known to be expressed in the brain, and to play a role in the development of the nervous system, oligodentrocytes and in the regulation of glutamatergic and dopaminergic synaptic transmission. It is critical to understand how their haploinsufficiency might affect the development and presentation of the disease. In the absence of an animal model and of significant accessible, human tissue, human pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) directly reprogrammed from patient somatic cells open a new area of disease modeling as they can virtually be differentiated into any cell type. Our study reports, for the first time, the generation of neuronal stem cells (NSCs) from CdC-iPSCs line and in addition, subsequent differentiation into a heterogeneous population of neurons. Gene expression of the mentioned and single copy deleted genes was also evaluated by comparing their expression level in iPSC, NSCs and neuron lines. The present research represents the first and the most innovative approach, to create an in vitro CdC neuronal model to have a new translational framework to study the pathological processes.
Gaps in the implementation of RTS, S malaria vaccine contributing to the low uptake in an endemic area of western Kenya
Authors: Okanda Irine , Kwach Timon , Abuonji Emily , Seda John , Ayodo George , Okuto Erick 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background:
Globally in 2021, there were an estimated 247 million malaria cases in 85 malaria-endemic countries which accounted for over 619,000 deaths worldwide. In every 1000 live births, 84 die before attaining 5 years in Kenya. Nonetheless, presently, there is a malaria vaccine which an affordable intervention for children under 5 years of age. However, there is low uptake of 3rd and 4th doses with very limited information on the gaps in the implementation of this vaccine to inform strategies to improve the uptake.
Materials and Methods:
Study design:
The study employed an exploratory study design. Purposive sampling method was used to select participants for focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informant interviews (KIIs). Four FGDs were conducted, 3 of them were 25 parent/guardian whose children either completed or didn’t complete the recommended 4 doses of RTS, S or didn’t receive the vaccine at all, and one with 11 community health volunteers (CHVs). The KII involved 11 healthcare providers(nurses) in charge of maternal and child health (MCH) clinics. Open ended interview guides were used for the FGDs and KIIs. Data was analyzed thematically using NVIVO software version 12.
Results:
The gaps in malaria vaccine implementation are inadequate information/knowledge about the vaccine to both parents/guardians and healthcare providers, less confidence in the vaccine due to side effects and high number of doses. Others are the poor attitude of health care providers, vaccine unavailability, understaffing of the health providers resulting in long waiting times, and migration to non-implementing sub-counties.
Conclusion:
The gaps in the implementation of the malaria vaccine; Inadequate knowledge about the vaccine, less confidence about the vaccine, poor attitude of health care providers, migrations, vaccine unavailability, long waiting queue due to staff understaffing, economic activities, cultural beliefs and inadequate trainings of health care providers.
Recommendation: Adequate health education, adequate support of the vaccine implementation program, adequate staffing and continuous training of healthcare provider. There’s need to develop strategies for implementation of the vaccine in specific settings in malaria-endemic areas for improved and sustainable RTS, S vaccine uptake.
Differentiation between responders and non-responders to antibiotic treatment in mice using 18F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol/PET
Authors: Li Junling , Zheng Huaiyu , Olson Jenna , Warawa Jonathan M. , Ng Chin K. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

PurposeBacterial infection causes significant mortality and morbidity worldwide despite the availability of antibiotics. Differentiation between responders and non-responders early on during antibiotic treatment will be informative to patients and healthcare providers. Our objective was to investigate whether PET imaging with18F-Fluorodeoxysorbitol (18F-FDS) or18F-FDG can be used to differentiate responders from non-responders to antibiotic treatment.ProceduresNTUH-K2044 was used for infection in Albino C57 female mice. Each mouse was inoculated intratrachealy with NTUH-K2044 to induce lung infection (n=8). For treatment studies, two bacterial doses for animal inoculation and two treatment starting times were compared to optimize treatment profiles.18F-FDS or8F-FDG /PET imaging was performed to monitor treatment progression.ResultsOur results demonstrated that the treatment profiles for using mice infected with 25 CFU hvKpand antibiotic treatment starting at 24 p.i. were not ideal due to no evidence of lung infection and lack of treatment efficacy. The optimal scheme is to use 250 CUF for infection and start antibiotic treatment at 24 h p.i. to monitor antimicrobial efficacy. 75% of the mice were classified as responders to antibiotic treatment. 25% of the mice were classified as non-responders.18F-FDG was used to compare with18F-FDS, but all mice showed increased lung uptake of18F-FDG during 3-day treatments.Conclusions18F-FDS is a promising PET tracer to image bacterial infection. It can be used to monitor response to treatment, and differentiate responders from non-responders to antibiotic treatment, but18F-FDG cannot, probably due to the presence of high degree of inflammation before and after treatment.
A Novel screening protocol for early detection of lung involvement in seropositive and ACPA positive rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Reichenberger Frank , Popp Florian , Hoffmann Martin , Fischinger Carina , von Wulffen Werner , Kneidinger Nikolaus , Welcker Martin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with significant cardiovascular and pulmonary morbidity. However, screening for early detection of pulmonary involvement especially interstitial lung disease (ILD) is not established in RA.
Methods: We used a non-invasive radiation-free approach to screen for pulmonary, pleural, or vascular disease manifestation using a pulmonary function test (PFT), a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), echocardiography (ECG), and pleuro-pulmonary transthoracic ultrasound (LUS). We included patients with confirmed diagnosis of seropositive RA according to ACR criteria, but without symptoms for or known cardiopulmonary disease.
Results: We included 67 consecutive patients (78% female, mean age 61±12 years, 48% active or previous smokers), who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and gave written informed consent.
We found 48% of patients with suspected changes in PFT with a diffusion capacity (DLCOc-SB) ≤ 80% among them 7% with forced vital capacity (FVC) ≤ 80%.
In 40% of patients, we found noticeable changes in LUS, 24% with an ILD compatible pattern. ILD was suspected when LUS abnormalities and additional PFT changes were present, which was found in 16% of cases. Other findings included obstructive lung disease (n=11), subpleural consolidation (n=6) including one confirmed lung cancer, minimal pleural effusion (n=6), severe aortic stenosis in bicuspid aortic valve (n=1), and ischemic cardiac disease (n=2). None of the patients showed signs of pulmonary vascular involvement on ECG or CPET.
Conclusions: Screening of asymptomatic RA patients for pulmonary involvement detects a variety of cardiopulmonary comorbidities. ILD was suspected in 16% of cases.
Trial registration: German Register of Clinical Studies (DRKS00028871).
Revealing the Confluences: Workplace Bullying and Suicidality Independent of Depression Presence
Authors: Kim Eun Soo , Oh Dae jong , Kim Junhyung , Oh Kang-Seob , Shin Young Chul , Shin Dong-Won , Cho Sung Joon , Jeon Sang-Won 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This cross-sectional study analyzed data from 12,541 employees aged 19–65 across 26 companies and public institutions who underwent workplace mental health screening. Workplace bullying, categorized into non-exposure, high-risk, and targeted groups, was self-reported. Depression was assessed using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale, and suicidality was measured via a self-reported questionnaire from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that 18.7% of women and 10.6% of men experienced bullying. High-risk and targeted bullying were significantly associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.27–1.69; OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.36–2.40) and suicide attempts (OR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.34–3.85; OR = 4.43, 95% CI = 2.13–9.21). The association between bullying and suicidal ideation was significant for participants with and without depression (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.28–1.69; OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.31–2.62). Men exhibited a stronger correlation (p for interaction < 0.001). Increased exposure to workplace bullying linked to higher suicidality risk, irrespective of depression status. The study highlights the need for companies to screen for bullying and provide mental health resources to prevent workplace-related suicides.
Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Oxynitride Catalyst via Direct Ammonia Nitridation of Titanium Polyacrylate for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Tamaki Yushi , Seino Satoshi , Shinyoshi Naoki , Uetake Yuta , Nagai Takaaki , Monden Ryuji , Ishihara Akimitsu , Nakagawa Takashi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

A titanium oxynitride catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer electrolyte fuel cells was synthesized through the direct ammonia nitridation of titanium complexes. Titanium polyacrylate was employed as the catalyst precursor, and the effect of the calcination temperature between 600 and 1000°C on the catalyst structure was studied. The catalysts were characterized via X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption near edge structure, transmission electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and powder electrical resistivity measurements. The formation of titanium oxynitride particles and deposited carbon were observed for all the samples; however, significant variations in the catalyst structure and catalytic activity were also observed. With an increase in the calcination temperature, nitridation of titanium oxynitride progressed, and the conductivity of the catalyst powder increased. The highest rest potential and ORR current density were achieved with calcination at 800°C. Importantly, the results suggest that maintaining an optimal nitrogen doping level within the catalyst particles, along with ensuring the formation of electroconductive deposited carbon, is essential for achieving a high ORR current. This work introduces the direct ammonia nitridation of metal complexes as a promising process for designing metal oxynitride catalysts.
Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Breast: a case report
Authors: Krongthong Issara , Serirodom Siwat , Thongprayoon Sunisa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Primary malignant melanoma of the breast (PMMB) is a rare type of malignancy, and only a few case reports have been published.
Case presentation
We report the case of a 44-year-old Thai woman with PMMB. She was treated with wide local excision and sentinel axillary lymph node biopsy. She then underwent second-stage nipple reconstruction, and a 2-year follow-up conducted after the surgery showed satisfactory nipple architecture and tip projection and no evidence of the disease.
Conclusion
This case illustrates the importance of early diagnosis and effective treatment of PMMB for patient survival, as well as the importance of satisfactory breast reconstruction.