bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic signatures of ozone at the air–water interface and photochemistry implications
Authors: Anglada Josep M. , Martins-Costa Marilia , Ruiz-López Manuel F. , Francisco Joseph S. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
Ozone is one of the most important atmospheric trace gases in Earth's atmosphere. It can interact with water in the gas phase as well as with water in cloud droplet surfaces. This work identifies unique spectral signatures for ozone adsorbed at the surface of cloud water droplets in the UV and visible light domains. The adsorption process itself is thermodynamically spontaneous. With this information, it is found that the photochemistry of ozone at the air–water interface is a significant previously unidentified source of OH radicals generated at the surface of clouds. The broader implication is that the surface of cloud water droplets can be an active chemical reactor that contributes to the oxidizing capacity of the troposphere on a global scale.
Threonine-4 of the budding yeast RNAP II CTD couples transcription with Htz1-mediated chromatin remodeling
Authors: Rosonina Emanuel , Yurko Nathan , Li Wencheng , Hoque Mainul , Tian Bin , Manley James L. 
Published: July 2014

Significance
When cells sense changes in their environment, molecular pathways relay information to the transcriptional machinery, which induces gene expression changes that allow for adaptation to the new conditions. In this paper, the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the RNA polymerase II largest subunit is shown to be involved in adaptation of yeast cells to conditions of low phosphate levels and where galactose is the primary fuel source. Specifically, threonine residues within the repeated CTD structure are required for induction of genes involved in phosphate and galactose metabolism, by stimulating the eviction of the histone variant Htz1 from the gene promoters. This finding reveals a role for the CTD in chromatin remodeling that facilitates expression of specific genes.
Interactions between collagen gene variants and risk of anterior cruciate ligament rupture
Authors: O'Connell Kevin , Knight Hayley , Ficek Krzysztof , Leonska‐Duniec Agata , Maciejewska‐Karlowska Agnieszka , Sawczuk Marek , Stepien‐Slodkowska Marta , O'Cuinneagain Dion , van der Merwe Willem , Posthumus Michael , Cieszczyk Pawel , Collins Malcolm 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe COL5A1 and COL12A1 variants are independently associated with modulating the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture in females. The objective of this study was to further investigate if COL3A1 and COL6A1 variants independently, as well as, collagen gene–gene interactions, modulate ACL rupture risk. Three hundred and thirty‐three South African (SA, n = 242) and Polish (PL, n = 91) participants with diagnosed ACL ruptures and 378 controls (235 SA and 143 PL) were recruited. Participants were genotyped for COL3A1 rs1800255 G/A, COL5A1 rs12722 (T/C), COL6A1 rs35796750 (T/C) and COL12A1 rs970547 (A/G). No significant associations were identified between COL6A1 rs35796750 and COL3A1 rs1800255 genotypes and risk of ACL rupture in the SA cohort. The COL3A1 AA genotype was, however, significantly (p = 0.036) over‐represented in the PL ACL group (9.9%, n = 9) when compared to the PL control (CON) group (2.8%, n = 4). Although there were genotype distribution differences between the SA and PL cohorts, the T+A‐inferred pseudo‐haplotype constructed from COL5A1 and COL12A1 was significantly over‐represented in the female ACL group when compared to the female CON group within the SA (T+A ACL 50.5%, T+A CON 38.1%, p = 0.022), PL (T+A ACL 56.3%, T+A CON 36.3%, p = 0.029) and combined (T+A ACL 51.8%, T+A CON 37.5%, p = 0.004) cohorts. In conclusion, the novel main finding of this study was a significant interaction between the COL5A1 rs12722 T/C and COL12A1 rs970547 A/G variants and risk of ACL injury. These results highlight the importance of investigating gene–gene interactions in the aetiology of ACL ruptures in multiple independent cohorts.
Schistosomiasis and the Pulmonary Vasculature (2013 Grover Conference Series)
Authors: Graham Brian B. , Kumar Rahul 
Published: July 2014

Inflammation is associated with multiple forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), including autoimmune (scleroderma) and infectious (HIV, schistosomiasis) etiologies. More than 200 million people worldwide are infected with Schistosoma, predominantly in Brazil, Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. Schistosomiasis causes PAH in about 6.1% of those chronically infected and is particularly associated with the species Schistosoma mansoni. Treatment for schistosomiasis‐associated PAH includes antihelminthic treatment, if active infection is present (although associated with little immediate benefit to the pulmonary hypertension), and then pharmacologic treatment with targeted pulmonary vascular therapies, including phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and endothelin receptor antagonists. The pathophysiological mechanism by which this parasitic infection causes pulmonary hypertension is unknown but is unlikely to be simple mechanical obstruction of the pulmonary vasculature by parasite eggs. Preexisting hepatosplenic disease due to Schistosoma infection is likely important because of portopulmonary hypertension and/or because it allows egg embolization to the lung by portocaval shunts. Potential immune signaling originating in the periegg granulomas causing the pulmonary vascular disease includes the cytokines interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐6, IL‐13, and transforming growth factor β. Modulating these pathways may be possible targets for future therapy of schistosomiasis‐associated PAH specifically, and study of this disease may provide novel insights into other inflammatory causes of PAH.
Right Ventricle in Acute and Chronic Pulmonary Embolism (2013 Grover Conference Series)
Authors: Gerges Christian , Skoro‐Sajer Nika , Lang Irene M. 
Published: July 2014

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) encompasses deep‐vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism (PE). It is the third‐most‐frequent cardiovascular disease, with an overall annual incidence of 1–2 per 1,000 population. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is regarded as a late sequela of PE, with a reported incidence varying between 0.1% and 9.1% of those surviving acute VTE. Right ventricular (RV) function is dependent on afterload. The most precise technique to describe RV function is invasive assessment of the RV–to–pulmonary vascular coupling. However, assessments of RV afterload (i.e., steady and pulsatile flow components and their product, the RC‐time) may be useful hemodynamic surrogates of coupling. RV load is different in acute and chronic PE. In acute PE, more than 60% occlusion of the crosssectional area of the pulmonary artery within a short period of time leads to abrupt hemodynamic collapse. If the time of occlusion is limited to ∼15 seconds, significant decreases in fractional area change, tricuspid annulus systolic excursion, and RV free‐wall deformation (strain) occur, with the latter showing significant postsystolic shortening. These changes have similarities to ischemic stunning, and they recover within minutes. In CTEPH, studies of pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) and pulmonary arterial compliance demonstrated low RC‐times that were further lowered after pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA). Immediate postoperative PVR was the only predictor of long‐term survival/freedom from lung transplantation, suggesting that the effect of PEA on opening vascular territories to flow outweighs its effect on proximal stiffness. This review summarizes the current knowledge on vascular and intrinsic RV adaptation to VTE, including CTEPH, and the role of imaging.
Alexander the Great: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Bowden Hugh 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Alexander the Great: A Very Short Introduction demonstrates the profound influence the legends of Alexander's life have had on our historical understanding of him by focusing on the evidence from his own time. Aged just 20, Alexander the Great became king of Macedon in 336 bc; he died aged 32. During his reign, he conquered the Achaemenid Persian Empire, the largest empire that had ever existed, leading his army from Greece to Pakistan, and from the Libyan desert to the steppes of Central Asia. He had a profound effect on the world he moved through and his achievements became legendary both in his lifetime and in the centuries that followed.
RETRACTED: The Arabidopsis Malectin-Like Leucine-Rich Repeat Receptor-Like Kinase IOS1 Associates with the Pattern Recognition Receptors FLS2 and EFR and Is Critical for Priming of Pattern-Triggered Immunity
Authors: Chen Ching-Wei , Panzeri Dario , Yeh Yu-Hung , Kadota Yasuhiro , Huang Pin-Yao , Tao Chia-Nan , Roux Milena , Chien Shiao-Chiao , Chin Tzu-Chuan , Chu Po-Wei , Zipfel Cyril , Zimmerli Laurent 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Plasma membrane-localized pattern recognition receptors such as FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (FLS2) and EF-TU RECEPTOR (EFR) recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) to activate the first layer of plant immunity termed pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). A reverse genetics approach with genes responsive to the priming agent β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) revealed IMPAIRED OOMYCETE SUSCEPTIBILITY1 (IOS1) as a critical PTI player. Arabidopsis thaliana ios1 mutants were hypersusceptible to Pseudomonas syringae bacteria. Accordingly, ios1 mutants demonstrated defective PTI responses, notably delayed upregulation of PTI marker genes, lower callose deposition, and mitogen-activated protein kinase activities upon bacterial infection or MAMP treatment. Moreover, Arabidopsis lines overexpressing IOS1 were more resistant to P. syringae and demonstrated a primed PTI response. In vitro pull-down, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, coimmunoprecipitation, and mass spectrometry analyses supported the existence of complexes between the membrane-localized IOS1 and FLS2 and EFR. IOS1 also associated with BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-ASSOCIATED KINASE1 (BAK1) in a ligand-independent manner and positively regulated FLS2/BAK1 complex formation upon MAMP treatment. Finally, ios1 mutants were defective in BABA-induced resistance and priming. This work reveals IOS1 as a regulatory protein of FLS2- and EFR-mediated signaling that primes PTI activation upon bacterial elicitation.
Quantitative analysis of blind tower-crane lifts using laser-scanning information
Authors: Shapira Aviad , Filin Sagi , Wicnudel Amit 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– This study aims to show how laser scanning data can be utilised to quantitatively assess “blind lifts” with respect to their rate and spatial distribution.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study employed time study of crane cycles for quantitative measuring of the crane’s work periods in dead areas and mapping the crane operator’s field of view and developing a model that allows the spatial analysis of blind lifts.

Findings
– This study found a discrete geometric laser scan-based model that is capable of locating and quantifying the visible and invisible zones from the crane operator’s cabin; 28 per cent of the analyzed crane’s work area represented by the model were found to be invisible, which corresponds fairly to 35 per cent of the half-cycles measured manually that were found to involve blind lifting; the range of blind lifts duration derived from the spatial information-based model was 50 to 84 per cent, which is in excellent correspondence with the 54 per cent to 82 per cent range obtained from the time unit-based analysis.

Research limitations/implications
– The laser-based model and the ensuing analyses are limited to the type of buildings whose envelope can practically be represented by the vertical extrusion of their footprint.

Practical implications
– The practical implications of the study are reduction of blind lifts as a factor when selecting the location of the crane and staging areas; more effective preplanning of signallers positioning; and ad hoc consideration of analysed dead space for various lift task-based decision-making during construction.

Originality/value
– This study demonstrates the ability to capture the geometric relations that characterise the work scene around the tower crane by harnessing the increasingly available laser technology and correlates the results of the manual observations with those obtained from the laser-based model.
Screening design and construction technologies of skyscrapers
Authors: AboMoslim Saad , Russell Alan 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– The paper aims to study screening design and construction technologies of skyscrapers. Skyscraper projects provide an illustration of important driving factors (e.g. economies of scale and international expertise) when utilising a wide range of solutions, including innovative ones, in the design and construction of building systems and subsystems. The need exists for a methodology for the speedy screening and comprehensive evaluation of candidate solutions covering the complete spectrum of systems that comprise a building project and that have an impact on life cycle performance. Presented in this paper is a three-step evaluation framework directed at meeting this need, along with application of the first step to three case studies performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– Research objectives were achieved by an extensive literature review of the current state-of-the-art evaluation tools and criteria; formulation of a three-step evaluation process for screening and ranking candidates; identification and structuring of comprehensive checklists of evaluation criteria; application of the first step of the evaluation framework to three case studies to gauge completeness and ease of use; and assessment of the framework by experienced practitioners.

Findings
– The framework proposed provides a structured and transparent approach to assessing design/construction choices. It makes explicit the spectrum of criteria to be considered when assessing their feasibility. Feedback from industry professionals indicates that the framework is reflective of industry needs.

Originality/value
– The originality and value of the approach lies in the comprehensiveness of the criteria considered, their relevance to signature building projects that draw on international expertise and technologies and their relevance to all phases of the project life cycle.
Gendering governance: the case of Mauritius
Authors: Tandrayen-Ragoobur Verena 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The relationship between gender and governance is often neglected in both conceptual and empirical work. However, gender equality in the decision-making fora is vital, for enabling far-reaching social change and for empowering people excluded from decision making. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the participation of women in governance institutions in a small island economy like Mauritius. Though, there has been some progress in Mauritius in redressing the gender imbalance in national and local governance processes, more is still to be achieved. This paper analyses women participation in governance by using gender-sensitive governance indicators.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected from different sources namely from the Mauritian Electoral Commissioner's Office, Statistics Mauritius, Mauritius Household Budget Surveys and the Ministry of Education and Human Resources. Data were also made available from the Global Gender Gap Report, 2012; the Global Parliamentary Report, 2012 and the SADC Gender Protocol Barometer, 2012. These data were used in the computation of gender-sensitive governance indicators used by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP, 2006). The indicators are the Global Gender Gap Index, the percentage of seats reserved in parliament for women, voter turnout among registered females and prevalence of women in poor districts.Findings– The paper argues that the overall gender gap index for Mauritius has increased over the years but the scores for economic participation and political attainment remain very low. In the economic sphere, the author note a rising female unemployment rate, though girls perform better than boys at all educational levels. Mauritius has been adept at the politics of recognition of different ethnic groups but this approach has not addressed the issue of women. The findings reveal that women are often excluded from decision making, from the household up to the highest levels of policymaking. The “invisibility” of women in parliament, is a concern and is “a grave democratic deficit” for the country (Sachs, 2001).Originality/value– No study has taken a gender perspective of governance issues in Mauritius. The author assess the importance of gender in a democratic country like Mauritius which has performed well on the economic front but gender is still too often ignored in governance and other spheres. There is thus a growing need for greater gender equality and participation of women in governance institutions and processes.
Fostering an entrepreneurial attitude – challenging in principal leadership
Authors: Hörnqvist Maj-Lis , Leffler Eva 
Published: July 2014

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to uncover the meaning of entrepreneurship in schools and a school leadership which aims to nurture an entrepreneurial attitude. The authors will also discuss what challenges there could be for principals to lead activities to develop an entrepreneurial attitude to learning and teaching.Design/methodology/approach– The paper integrates policy documents and scientific material concerning entrepreneurial attitude, leadership and school culture.Findings– In Sweden as well as internationally there are clear policy intentions for renewal of schoolwork in a more entrepreneurial direction. The most striking challenges for principals are to be enough creative within the boarders set by school authorities when setting vision and goals for the development of their schools to enhance an entrepreneurial attitude, building trust and distributing power among staff, along with having courage to think outside “the box”.Research limitations/implications– The point of departure is entrepreneurial attitude in education as understood in a Swedish context. International policies as well as research are discussed.Practical implications– The paper illuminates strategic ways of thinking and acting according to leadership in an entrepreneurial learning school context.Originality/value– The role of principals as well as the significance of culture in a school context focused on developing an entrepreneurial attitude is quite often discussed in research. School differs from business in that there are more restrictions set by school authorities. The paper shows an undeveloped area which can be useful to identify and problematize challenges for leadership.
Internship for accounting undergraduates: comparative insights from stakeholders
Authors: Maelah Ruhanita , Muhammaddun Mohamed Zakiah , Ramli Rosiati , Aman Aini 
Published: July 2014

Purpose
– This study utilises an internship framework to justify the need for feedback from all three groups of internship stakeholders. The purpose of this paper is to determine the benefits, skills, and outcomes students gained through internships from the perspective of students, university and employers.

Design/methodology/approach
– A set of structured questionnaires was used to survey the perceptions of students, university and employers of an accounting internship. A total of 172 responses were analysed.

Findings
– Findings show that all three groups of stakeholders perceived that students benefit from the internship programme. They also perceived that an internship provides the students with both the technical and soft skills required in the marketplace. However, the mean score and ranking differ among the students, university and employers.

Research limitations/implications
– The study was conducted based on feedback on a single accounting programme. Therefore any characteristics inherent in this sample that differ from the overall population of accounting programmes could bias the results and limit its generalisability and any associated inferences. Questionnaire responses should be interpreted with caution as perceptions and self-insights are subjective and may or may not be reflective of reality. This study falls short of putting forward any reasons why results differ from previous studies or why the mean scores of the three stakeholders all differ. Further research may take into consideration a comparison of internship programmes across institutions and disciplines. Future studies can also use the reflection approach and interview to better explain the benefits and skills developed through accounting internship programmes.

Practical implications
– Practically, findings from this study provide feedback to the students, university and employers to continuously improve accounting internship for undergraduate accounting programmes.

Social implications
– Social implications lie within the research framework that emphasises the student learning experience, university support through theoretical understanding and employer contribution through the practical component.

Originality/value
– Internships have become part of an accounting curriculum in many universities globally. To date, most studies on internship practices are limited in scope and focus on feedback from a single perspective. This study fills the gap in the literature by conducting a perception-based survey of internship stakeholders: students, university and employers, on benefits and skills acquired through internship.