bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Origin, Phylogeny, and Taxonomy of Lenoks of the Genus Brachymystax (Salmonidae): Available Data, Their Interpretation, and Unresolved Problems
Authors: Osinov A. G. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The reproductive and phylogenetic relationships of lenoks of the genus Brachymystax are considered based on analysis of 30 allozyme loci and two fragments (411 and 987 base pairs) of the mitochondrial DNA control region. The presence of three phylogenetic lenok groups, the blunt-snouted and sharp-snouted groups from Russia and neighboring countries and the Qinling group from China and South Korea, has been confirmed. It is assumed that the center of origin of the genus Brachymystax was Primorye and the blunt-snouted lenok from this region is closest to the ancestral form. Modern assumptions on the taxonomic status of different forms of lenok are contradictory both in the number of species (from one to five) and in their composition. The identification of two or three species in the genus Brachymystax is most reasonable. The main problems that should be solved to clarify the phylogeny and taxonomy of representatives of this genus are indicated.
Predictions for functional outcome and mortality in acute ischaemic stroke following successful endovascular thrombectomy
Authors: Zeng Minyan , Smith Luke , Bird Alix , Trinh Vincent Quoc-Nam , Bacchi Stephen , Harvey Jackson , Jenkinson Mark , Scroop Rebecca , Kleinig Timothy , Jannes Jim , Palmer Lyle J 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundAccurate outcome predictions for patients who had ischaemic stroke with successful reperfusion after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) may improve patient treatment and care. Our study developed prediction models for key clinical outcomes in patients with successful reperfusion following EVT in an Australian population.MethodsThe study included all patients who had ischaemic stroke with occlusion in the proximal anterior cerebral circulation and successful reperfusion post-EVT over a 7-year period. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox regression models, incorporating bootstrap and multiple imputation techniques, were used to identify predictors and develop models for key clinical outcomes: 3-month poor functional status; 30-day, 1-year and 3-year mortality; survival time.ResultsA total of 978 patients were included in the analyses. Predictors associated with one or more poor outcomes include: older age (ORs for every 5-year increase: 1.22–1.40), higher premorbid functional modified Rankin Scale (ORs: 1.31–1.75), higher baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (ORs: 1.05–1.07) score, higher blood glucose (ORs: 1.08–1.19), larger core volume (ORs for every 10 mL increase: 1.10–1.22), pre-EVT thrombolytic therapy (ORs: 0.44–0.56), history of heart failure (outcome: 30-day mortality, OR=1.87), interhospital transfer (ORs: 1.42 to 1.53), non-rural/regional stroke onset (outcome: functional dependency, OR=0.64), longer onset-to-groin puncture time (outcome: 3-year mortality, OR=1.08) and atherosclerosis-caused stroke (outcome: functional dependency, OR=1.68). The models using these predictors demonstrated moderate predictive abilities (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve range: 0.752–0.796).ConclusionOur models using real-world predictors assessed at hospital admission showed satisfactory performance in predicting poor functional outcomes and short-term and long-term mortality for patients with successful reperfusion following EVT. These can be used to inform EVT treatment provision and consent.
Effect of mode of delivery on incidence of retinopathy of prematurity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sumual Vera , Sutanto Reynardi Larope , Chandra Angelina Patricia 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial in ROP management. Thus, the identification of prominent risk factors could facilitate immediate action. Among various risk factors, the effects of mode of delivery on ROP remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to assess the association between different modes of delivery on ROP incidence.Methods and analysisComprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, ProQuest, EBSCOHost and Cochrane databases, to evaluate the association of mode of delivery—vaginal delivery or caesarean section (c-section)—and the incidence of ROP from inception to December 2023. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the pooled OR along with their 95% CIs.ResultsThis review included 5 cohort studies involving 2048 babies. A higher incidence of ROP was observed in infants born through vaginal delivery compared with caesarean section. Meta-analysis showed that C-section decreased the unadjusted odds of having ROP infants by 46% with low heterogeneity (OR 0.54 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.73); I2=40.73%). However, pooled adjusted effects were statistically insignificant with moderate heterogeneity (adjusted OR 0.59 (95% CI 0.28 to 1.23); I2=70.51%), possibly stemming from multiple variations in the controlled variables of each study.ConclusionDespite varying statistical significance, our findings underscore the crucial need to comprehend the influence of delivery mode on neonatal ophthalmic outcomes. Due to a limited number of existing studies, further research is needed to confirm the association.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023486278.
Caregiver perspectives on the long-lasting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with cerebral palsy in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Adams Skye Nandi , Bhorat Razina , Moosa Aneesah 
Published: June 2024

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated challenges faced by children with cerebral palsy (CP), including limited access to therapy services, financial strain and disruptions in schooling and social activities. However, the specific long-lasting impacts of the pandemic on families of children with CP in the South African context remain underexplored.AimTo explore the long-lasting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children with CP in South Africa.MethodA qualitative exploratory approach was used. 14 caregivers of 12 children with CP (aged 4–12) were recruited from various CP-specific schools and organisations in urban Johannesburg, South Africa. Individual semistructured interviews were conducted, and each interview was audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsChildren experienced significant changes to their physical and emotional well-being during the pandemic that had long-lasting effects on their added weight gain and activities of daily living. Many children experienced regressions during the lockdown due to the closure of schools and therapy centres. However, increased screen time observed among children with CP during the pandemic yielded unexpected positive outcomes, such as the improvement of technological skills and enhanced confidence through activities like vlogging.ImplicationsThe pandemic has had long-lasting impacts on children with CP and addressing the multifaceted challenges faced by children with CP and their families in the post-COVID-19 era requires coordinated efforts from all stakeholders to ensure the holistic well-being and inclusion of this vulnerable population. Further research is warranted to assess the long-term impacts of the pandemic and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at mitigating its effects on this vulnerable population.
Entanglement detection in postquench nonequilibrium states: thermal Gibbs vs. generalized Gibbs ensemble
Authors: Iglói Ferenc , Király Csaba Zoltán 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We use entanglement witnesses related to the entanglement negativity of the state to detect entanglement in the XY chain in the postquench states in the thermodynamic limit after a quench when the parameters of the Hamiltonian are changed suddenly. The entanglement negativity is related to correlations, which in the postquench stationary state are described by a generalized Gibbs ensemble, in the ideal case. If, however, integrability breaking perturbations are present, the system is expected to thermalize. Here, we compare the nearest-neighbor entanglement in the two circumstances.

Graphical Abstract
Postquench states after a sudden quench protocol $$(h_0, \gamma ) \rightarrow (h, \gamma )$$

(

h
0

,
γ
)

→

(
h
,
γ
)

in the XY chain.
A generalization of photon sphere based on escape/capture cone
Authors: Amo Masaya , Izumi Keisuke , Yoshino Hirotaka , Tomikawa Yoshimune , Shiromizu Tetsuya 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn general asymptotically flat spacetimes, bearing the null geodesics reaching the future null infinity in mind, we propose new concepts, the “dark horizons” (outer dark horizon and inner dark horizon) as generalizations of the photon sphere. They are defined in terms of the structure of escape/capture cones of photons with respect to a unit timelike vector field to capture the motion of light sources. More specifically, considering a two-sphere that represents a set of emission directions of photons, the dark horizons are located at positions where a hemisphere is marginally included in the capture and escape cones, respectively. In addition, our definition succeeds in incorporating relativistic beaming effect. We show that the dark horizon is absent in the Minkowski spacetime, while they exist in spacetimes with black hole(s) under a certain condition. We derive the general properties of the dark horizons in spherically symmetric spacetimes and explicitly calculate the locations of the dark horizons in the Vaidya spacetime and the Kerr spacetime. In particular, in the Kerr spacetime, the outer dark horizon coincides with the shadow observed from infinity on the rotation axis.
Reconstruction of electromagnetic showers in calorimeters using Deep Learning
Authors: Simkina Polina , Couderc Fabrice , Malclès Julie , Sahin Mehmet Özgür 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe precise reconstruction of properties of photons and electrons in modern high energy physics detectors, such as the CMS or ATLAS experiments, plays a crucial role in numerous physics results. Conventional geometrical algorithms are used to reconstruct the energy and position of these particles from the showers they induce in the electromagnetic calorimeter. Despite their accuracy and efficiency, these methods still suffer from several limitations, such as low-energy background and limited capacity to reconstruct close-by particles. This paper introduces an innovative machine-learning technique to measure the energy and position of photons and electrons based on convolutional and graph neural networks, taking the geometry of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter as an example. The developed network demonstrates a significant improvement in resolution both for photon energy and position predictions compared to the algorithm used in CMS. Notably, one of the main advantages of this new approach is its ability to better distinguish between multiple close-by electromagnetic showers.
Exploring wormhole solutions with global monopole charge in the context of f(Q) gravity
Authors: Tayde Moreshwar , Sahoo P. K. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis study explores the potential existence of traversable wormholes influenced by a global monopole charge within the f(Q) gravity framework. To elucidate the characteristics of these wormholes, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of wormhole solutions employing three different forms of redshift function under a linear f(Q) model. Wormhole shape functions were derived for barotropic, anisotropic, and isotropic Equations of State (EoS) cases. However, in the isotropic EoS case, the calculated shape function failed to satisfy the asymptotic flatness condition. Additionally, we observed that our obtained shape functions adhered to the flaring-out conditions under an asymptotic background for the remaining EoS cases. Furthermore, we examined the energy conditions at the wormhole throat with a radius $$r_0$$

r
0

. We noted the influences of the global monopole’s parameter $$\eta $$
η
, the EoS parameter $$\omega $$
ω
, and n in violating energy conditions, particularly the null energy conditions. Finally, we conducted a stability analysis utilizing the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkov (TOV) equation and found that our obtained wormhole solution is stable.
How does Casimir energy fall in $$\kappa $$-deformed space-time?
Authors: Harikumar E. , Shajesh K. V. , Panja Suman Kumar 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe investigate the response of Casimir energies to fluctuations in a scalar field in the background of a weak gravitational field in $$\kappa $$
κ
-deformed space-time. We model the Casimir plates in a gravitational field by $$\kappa $$
κ
-deformed Rindler coordinates and calculate the Casimir energy using the $$\kappa $$
κ
-deformed scalar field. We show that the Casimir energy accelerates in a weak gravitational field like a mass. Thus, our calculations show that the mass–energy equivalence principle holds in $$\kappa $$
κ
-deformed space-time even though a length scale is introduced through space-time non-commutativity.
A C++ program for estimating detector sensitivities to long-lived particles: displaced decay counter
Authors: Domingo Florian , Günther Julian , Kim Jong Soo , Wang Zeren Simon 
Published: June 2024

AbstractA series of far-detector programs have been proposed for operation at various interaction points of the large hadron collider during the upcoming runs. Investigating the potential and complementarity of these experiments for new-physics searches goes through the estimation of their sensitivity to specific long-lived particle models. Here, we present an integrated numerical tool written in the C++ language and called , which we have created to this end and which can be used in association with , , or any other state-of-the-art Monte-Carlo collider simulation tool. Several far-detector models have been implemented within the program, accounting for the geometry and integrated luminosity of projected detectors. Additional or more accurate designs can be easily constructed through a dedicated interface. The functionality of this tool is exemplified through the discussion of several benchmark scenarios, which we consider for the validation of the implemented detector models.
Does quark mixing play a role in the lepton sector?
Authors: Albergaria Francisco , Branco G. C. , Bastos José Filipe , Silva-Marcos J. I. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe suggest a simple relation between the quark and the lepton mixing within the framework of type-I seesaw mechanism. We show that within our ansatz the empirical King–Mohapatra–Smirnov relation, which suggests a connection between the CKM and PMNS mixing where $$|V^\text {PMNS}_{13}|\approx \sin \theta _C/\sqrt{2} $$

|

V
13
PMNS

|
≈
sin

θ
C

/

2

, can be derived. This is possible within a restricted region of the Dirac and Majorana mass parameters.
High resolution X-ray spectra of the time evolution of emission from metastable electronic states of highly charged Ni-like ions
Authors: Burke Timothy , Takacs Endre , Dipti  , Hosier Adam , O’Neil Galen , Tan Joseph , Staiger Hunter , Naing Aung , Marler Joan , Ralchenko Yuri 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Metastable levels of highly charged ions that can only decay via highly forbidden transitions can have a significant effect on the properties of high temperature plasmas. For example, the highly forbidden 3d$$^{10}$$

10

$$_{J=0}$$

J
=
0

- 3d$$^9$$

9

4 s $$(\frac{5}{2},\frac{1}{2})_{J=3}$$

(

5
2

,

1
2

)

J
=
3

magnetic octupole (M3) transition in nickel-like ions can result in a large metastable population of its upper level which can then be ionized by electrons of energies below the ground state ionization potential. We present a method to study metastable electronic states in highly charged ions that decay by x-ray emission in electron beam ion traps (EBIT). The time evolution of the emission intensity can be used to study the parameters of ionization balance dynamics and the lifetime of metastable states. The temporal and energy resolution of a new transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter array enables these studies at the National Institute of Standards and Technology EBIT.

Graphical abstract
NOMAD calculated time evolution of the ratio of the Ni-like and Co-like lines in Nd at varying electron densities compared with measured ratios
Analysis of Chinese Environmental Legal System and International Legal Frameworks on Supporting Green and Low-Carbon Development
Authors: UWAJAMBO Alice , GONG Xiangqian 
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to analyze the Chinese legal system and international legal frameworks on supporting green and low-carbon development, one of the strategies adopted to achieve sustainable development while effectively addressing climate change. However, different projects and measures supporting green and low-carbon development may affect one another if legal and policy measures are not well established and implemented. Globally, different international instruments highlight various commitments that guide the implementation of green and low-carbon development. At the domestic level, China has numerous plans and policies aimed at achieving these goals, and both international and domestic measures on green and low-carbon development are interdependent. This study found that China has different environmental laws that can advance green and low-carbon development. However, these laws often lack specific references to “green and low-carbon development,” a phrase that appears primarily in policies. This gap may lead to a lack of coherence between those policies and the absence of specific institutions dedicated to these goals. This study recommends that specific laws can be enacted from different existing Chinese plans and policies to ensure a coherent and long-term framework for green and low-carbon development. With the existence of such a law, responsible institutions will be established, and the enforcement of policies and plans related to green and low-carbon development will be ensured.
Frequency tagging of spatial attention using periliminal flickers
Authors: Ladouce Simon , Dehais Frédéric 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Steady-State Visually Evoked Potentials (SSVEPs) manifest as a sustained rhythmic activity that can be observed in surface electroencephalography (EEG) in response to periodic visual stimuli, commonly referred to as flickers. SSVEPs are widely used in fundamental cognitive neuroscience paradigms and Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) due to their robust and rapid onset. However, they have drawbacks related to the intrusive saliency of flickering visual stimuli, which may induce eye strain, cognitive fatigue, and biases in visual exploration. Previous findings highlighted the potential of altering features of flicker stimuli to improve user experience. In this study, we propose to reduce the amplitude modulation depth of flickering stimuli down to the individuals’ perceptual visibility threshold (periliminal) and below (subliminal). The stimulus amplitude modulation depth represents the contrast difference between the two alternating states of a flicker. A simple visual attention task where participants responded to the presentation of spatially cued target stimuli (left and right) was used to assess the validity of such periliminal and subliminal frequency-tagging probes to capture spatial attention. The left and right sides of the screen, where target stimuli were presented, were covered by large flickers (13 and 15 Hz, respectively). The amplitude modulation depth of these flickers was manipulated across three conditions: control, periliminal, and subliminal. The latter two levels of flickers amplitude modulation depth were defined through a perceptual visibility threshold protocol on a single-subject basis. Subjective feedback indicated that the use of periliminal and subliminal flickers substantially improved user experience. The present study demonstrates that periliminal and subliminal flickers evoked SSVEP responses that can be used to derive spatial attention in frequency-tagging paradigms. The single-trial classification of attended space (left versus right) based on SSVEP response reached an average accuracy of 81.1% for the periliminal and 58% for the subliminal conditions. These findings reveal the promises held by the application of inconspicuous flickers to both cognitive neuroscience research and BCI development.
Suppression of Cold Air Outbreaks over the Interior of North America in a Warmer Climate
Authors: Hartig Kara , Tziperman Eli 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
In spite of the mean warming trend over the last few decades and its amplification in the Arctic, some studies have found no robust decline or even a slight increase in wintertime cold air outbreaks over North America. But fossil evidence from warmer paleoclimate periods indicates that the interior of North America never dropped below freezing even in the depths of winter, which implies that the maintenance of cold air outbreaks is unlikely to continue indefinitely with future warming. To identify key mechanisms affecting cold air outbreaks and understand how and why they will change in a warmer climate, we examine the development of North American cold air outbreaks in both a preindustrial and a roughly 8×CO2 scenario using the Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2). We observe a sharp drop-off in the wintertime temperature distribution at the freezing temperature, suppressing below-freezing conditions in the warmer climate and above-freezing conditions in the preindustrial case. The disappearance of Arctic sea ice and loss of the near-surface temperature inversion dramatically decrease the availability of below-freezing air in source regions. Using an air parcel trajectory analysis, we demonstrate a remarkable similarity in both the dynamics and diabatic effects acting on cold air masses in the two climate scenarios. Diabatic temperature evolution along cold air outbreak trajectories is a competition between cooling from longwave radiation and warming from boundary layer mixing. Surprisingly, while both diabatic effects strengthen in the warmer climate, the balance remains the same, with a net cooling of about −6 K over 10 days.

Significance Statement
We compare a preindustrial climate scenario to a much warmer climate circa the year 2300 under high emissions to understand the physical processes that influence the coldest wintertime temperatures and how they will change with warming. We find that enhanced warming in the Arctic, and particularly over the Arctic Ocean due to the loss of wintertime sea ice, dramatically reduces the availability of cold air to be swept into North America. By tracing these cold air masses as they travel, we also find that they experience the same total amount of cooling in the much warmer climate as they did in the preindustrial climate even though many of the individual heating and cooling processes have gotten stronger.