bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Link-area commutators in AdS3 area-networks
Authors: Held Jesse , Kaplan Molly , Marolf Donald , Wu Jie-qiang 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Random tensor networks (RTNs) have proved to be fruitful tools for modelling the AdS/CFT correspondence. Due to their flat entanglement spectra, when discussing a given boundary region R and its complement $$ \overline{R} $$

R
¯

, standard RTNs are most analogous to fixed-area states of the bulk quantum gravity theory, in which quantum fluctuations have been suppressed for the area of the corresponding HRT surface. However, such RTNs have flat entanglement spectra for all choices of R,$$ \overline{R} $$

R
¯

, while quantum fluctuations of multiple HRT-areas can be suppressed only when the corresponding HRT-area operators mutually commute. We probe the severity of such obstructions in pure AdS3 Einstein-Hilbert gravity by constructing networks whose links are codimension-2 extremal-surfaces and by explicitly computing semiclassical commutators of the associated link-areas. Since d = 3, codimension-2 extremal-surfaces are geodesics, and codimension-2 ‘areas’ are lengths. We find a simple 4-link network defined by an HRT surface and a Chen-Dong-Lewkowycz-Qi constrained HRT surface for which all link-areas commute. However, the algebra generated by the link-areas of more general networks tends to be non-Abelian. One such non-Abelian example is associated with entanglement-wedge cross sections and may be of more general interest.
Small instanton effects on composite axion mass
Authors: Aoki Takafumi , Ibe Masahiro , Shirai Satoshi , Watanabe Keiichi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the impact of small instanton effects on the axion mass in composite axion models. In particular, we focus on the Composite Accidental Axion (CAA) models, which are designed to address the axion quality problem, and where the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry emerges accidentally. In the CAA models, the QCD gauge symmetry is embedded in a larger gauge group at high energy. These models contain small instantons not included in low-energy QCD, which could enhance the axion mass significantly. However, in the CAA models, our analysis reveals that these effects on the axion mass are non-vanishing but are negligible compared to the QCD effects. The suppression of the small instanton effects originates from the global chiral U(1) symmetries which are not broken spontaneously and play a crucial role in eliminating θ-terms in the hidden sectors through anomalies. We find these U(1) symmetries restrict the impact of small instantons in hidden sectors on the axion mass. Our study provides crucial insights into the dynamics within the CAA models and suggests broader implications for understanding small instanton effects in other composite axion models.
Bone-muscle crosstalk under physiological and pathological conditions
Authors: Dong Yuechao , Yuan Hongyan , Ma Guixing , Cao Huiling 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnatomically connected bones and muscles determine movement of the body. Forces exerted on muscles are then turned to bones to promote osteogenesis. The crosstalk between muscle and bone has been identified as mechanotransduction previously. In addition to the mechanical features, bones and muscles are also secretory organs which interact closely with one another through producing myokines and osteokines. Moreover, besides the mechanical features, other factors, such as nutrition metabolism, physiological rhythm, age, etc., also affect bone-muscle crosstalk. What’s more, osteogenesis and myogenesis within motor system occur almost in parallel. Pathologically, defective muscles are always detected in bone associated diseases and induce the osteopenia, inflammation and abnormal bone metabolism, etc., through biomechanical or biochemical coupling. Hence, we summarize the study findings of bone-muscle crosstalk and propose potential strategies to improve the skeletal or muscular symptoms of certain diseases. Altogether, functional improvement of bones or muscles is beneficial to each other within motor system.
Identification of novel neuroprotectants against vincristine-induced neurotoxicity in iPSC-derived neurons
Authors: Petrova Veselina , Snavely Andrew R. , Splaine Jennifer , Zhen Shannon , Singh Bhagat , Pandey Roshan , Chen Kuchuan , Cheng Anya , Hermawan Crystal , Barrett Lee B. , Smith Jennifer A. , Woolf Clifford J. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractChemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a disabling side effect of cancer chemotherapy that can often limit treatment options for cancer patients or have life-long neurodegenerative consequences that reduce the patient’s quality of life. CIPN is caused by the detrimental actions of various chemotherapeutic agents on peripheral axons. Currently, there are no approved preventative measures or treatment options for CIPN, highlighting the need for the discovery of novel therapeutics and improving our understanding of disease mechanisms. In this study, we utilized human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived motor neurons as a platform to mimic axonal damage after treatment with vincristine, a chemotherapeutic used for the treatment of breast cancers, osteosarcomas, and leukemia. We screened a total of 1902 small molecules for neuroprotective properties in rescuing vincristine-induced axon growth deficits. From our primary screen, we identified 38 hit compounds that were subjected to secondary dose response screens. Six compounds showed favorable pharmacological profiles – AZD7762, A-674563, Blebbistatin, Glesatinib, KW-2449, and Pelitinib, all novel neuroprotectants against vincristine toxicity to neurons. In addition, four of these six compounds also showed efficacy against vincristine-induced growth arrest in human iPSC-derived sensory neurons. In this study, we utilized high-throughput screening of a large library of compounds in a therapeutically relevant assay. We identified several novel compounds that are efficacious in protecting different neuronal subtypes from the toxicity induced by a common chemotherapeutic agent, vincristine which could have therapeutic potential in the clinic.
ZMYND12 serves as an IDAd subunit that is essential for sperm motility in mice
Authors: Wang Chang , Xie Qingsong , Xia Xun , Zhang Chuanying , Jiang Shan , Wang Sihan , Zhang Xi , Hua Rong , Xue Jiangyang , Zheng Haoyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInner dynein arms (IDAs) are formed from a protein complex that is essential for appropriate flagellar bending and beating. IDA defects have previously been linked to the incidence of asthenozoospermia (AZS) and male infertility. The testes-enriched ZMYND12 protein is homologous with an IDA component identified in Chlamydomonas. ZMYND12 deficiency has previously been tied to infertility in males, yet the underlying mechanism remains uncertain. Here, a CRISPR/Cas9 approach was employed to generate Zmynd12 knockout (Zmynd12−/−) mice. These Zmynd12−/− mice exhibited significant male subfertility, reduced sperm motile velocity, and impaired capacitation. Through a combination of co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, ZMYND12 was found to interact with TTC29 and PRKACA. Decreases in the levels of PRKACA were evident in the sperm of these Zmynd12−/− mice, suggesting that this change may account for the observed drop in male fertility. Moreover, in a cohort of patients with AZS, one patient carrying a ZMYND12 variant was identified, expanding the known AZS-related variant spectrum. Together, these findings demonstrate that ZMYND12 is essential for flagellar beating, capacitation, and male fertility.
The Sobolev Wavefront Set of the Causal Propagator in Finite Regularity
Authors: Sanchez Sanchez Yafet E. , Schrohe Elmar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGiven a globally hyperbolic spacetime $$M={\mathbb {R}}\times \Sigma $$

M
=
R
×
Σ

of dimension four and regularity $$C^\tau $$

C
τ

, we estimate the Sobolev wavefront set of the causal propagator $$K_G$$

K
G

of the Klein–Gordon operator. In the smooth case, the propagator satisfies $$WF'(K_G)=C$$

W

F
′

(

K
G

)

=
C

, where $$C\subset T^*(M\times M)$$

C
⊂

T
∗

(
M
×
M
)

consists of those points $$(\tilde{x},\tilde{\xi },\tilde{y},\tilde{\eta })$$

(

x
~

,

ξ
~

,

y
~

,

η
~

)

such that $$\tilde{\xi },\tilde{\eta }$$

ξ
~

,

η
~

are cotangent to a null geodesic $$\gamma $$
γ
at $$\tilde{x}$$

x
~

resp. $$\tilde{y}$$

y
~

and parallel transports of each other along $$\gamma $$
γ
. We show that for $$\tau >2$$

τ
>
2

, $$\begin{aligned} WF'^{-2+\tau -{\epsilon }}(K_G)\subset C \end{aligned}$$

W

F

′
-
2
+
τ
-
ϵ

(

K
G

)

⊂
C

for every $${\epsilon }>0$$

ϵ
>
0

. Furthermore, in regularity $$C^{\tau +2}$$

C

τ
+
2

with $$\tau >2$$

τ
>
2

, $$\begin{aligned} C\subset WF'^{-\frac{1}{2}}(K_G)\subset WF'^{\tau -\epsilon }(K_G)\subset C \end{aligned}$$

C
⊂
W

F

′
-

1
2

(

K
G

)

⊂
W

F

′
τ
-
ϵ

(

K
G

)

⊂
C

holds for $$0<\epsilon <\tau +\frac{1}{2}$$

0
<
ϵ
<
τ
+

1
2

. In the ultrastatic case with $$\Sigma $$
Σ
compact, we show $$WF'^{-\frac{3}{2}+\tau -\epsilon }(K_G)\subset C$$

W

F

′
-

3
2

+
τ
-
ϵ

(

K
G

)

⊂
C

for $$\epsilon >0$$

ϵ
>
0

and $$\tau >2$$

τ
>
2

and $$WF'^{-\frac{3}{2}+\tau -\epsilon }(K_G)= C$$

W

F

′
-

3
2

+
τ
-
ϵ

(

K
G

)

=
C

for $$\tau >3$$

τ
>
3

and $$\epsilon <\tau -3$$

ϵ
<
τ
-
3

. Moreover, we show that the global regularity of the propagator $$K_G$$

K
G

is $$H^{-\frac{1}{2}-\epsilon }_{loc}(M\times M)$$

H

loc

-

1
2

-
ϵ

(
M
×
M
)

as in the smooth case.
Large Ozone Hole in 2023 and the Hunga Tonga Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Kozubek Michal , Krizan Peter , Ramatheerthan Sunil Kumar , Laštovička Jan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPolar stratospheric chemistry is highly sensitive to changes in water vapor content and temperature. We identified an unusual behavior of water vapor and temperature in the southern polar winter stratosphere in 2023. The relationships between the Hunga-Tonga eruption injection of water vapor (detected in the tropics) and its transport to SH high latitudes, temperature changes and ozone anomalies at southern high latitudes are discussed, as well as the roles of zonal wind and the meridional flux of zonal mean zonal momentum. These parameters exhibit a consistent pattern in anomalous year 2023. In the winter of 2023 in the Southern Hemisphere, an unexpected decrease in ozone levels and the emergence of an excessive ozone hole were observed. This event marked one of the deepest Antarctic ozone holes with the largest area since 2011. This appears to be associated with the Hunga Tonga eruption anomalous water vapor injection. This study highlights importance of water vapor for evolution of the Antarctic stratosphere.
Stable envelopes for slices of the affine Grassmannian
Authors: Danilenko Ivan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe affine Grassmannian associated to a reductive group $${\textbf{G}}$$
G
is an affine analogue of the usual flag varieties. It is a rich source of Poisson varieties and their symplectic resolutions. These spaces are examples of conical symplectic resolutions dual to the Nakajima quiver varieties. We study the cohomological stable envelopes of Maulik and Okounkov (Astérisque 408:ix+209, 2019) in this family. We construct an explicit recursive relation for the stable envelopes in the $${\textbf{G}}= \textbf{PSL}_{2}$$

G
=

PSL
2

case and compute the first-order correction in the general case. This allows us to write an exact formula for multiplication by a divisor.
Profile transformations for reciprocal averaging and singular value decomposition
Authors: Wang Ting-Wu , Beh Eric J. , Lombardo Rosaria , Renner Ian W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPower transformations of count data, including cell frequencies of a contingency table, have been well understood for nearly 100 years, with much of the attention focused on the square root transformation. Over the past 15 years, this topic has been the focus of some new insights into areas of correspondence analysis where two forms of power transformation have been discussed. One type considers the impact of raising the joint proportions of the cell frequencies of a table to a known power while the other examines the power transformation of the relative distribution of the cell frequencies. While the foundations of the graphical features of correspondence analysis rest with the numerical algorithms like reciprocal averaging, and other analogous techniques, discussions of the role of power transformations in reciprocal averaging have not been described. Therefore, this paper examines this link where a power transformation is applied to the cell frequencies of a two-way contingency table. In doing so, we show that reciprocal averaging can be performed under such a transformation to obtain row and column scores that provide the maximum association between the variables and the greatest discrimination between the categories. Finally, we discuss the connection between performing reciprocal averaging and singular value decomposition under this type of power transformation. The function, is included in the Appendix and performs reciprocal averaging of a power transformation of the cell frequencies of a two-way contingency table.
The Gradient Flow for Entropy on Closed Planar Curves
Authors: O’Donnell Lachlann , Wheeler Glen , Wheeler Valentina-Mira 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper we consider the steepest descent $$L^2$$

L
2

-gradient flow of the entropy functional. The flow expands convex curves, with the radius of an initial circle growing like the square root of time. Our main result is that, for any initial curve (either immersed locally strictly convex of class $$C^2$$

C
2

or embedded of class $$W^{2,2}$$

W

2
,
2

bounding a strictly convex body), the flow converges smoothly to a round expanding multiply-covered circle.
The Role of the European Reference Network for Rare Bone Diseases (ERN BOND) and European Registries for Rare Bone and Mineral Conditions (EuRR-Bone) in the Governance of the Management of Rare Bone and Mineral Diseases
Authors: Priego Zurita Ana Luisa , Boarini Manila , Casareto Lorena , Cherenko Mariya , Mordenti Marina , Moroni Alice , Ahmed S. Faisal , Appelman-Dijkstra Natasha M. , Sangiorgi Luca 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRare diseases (RDs) bear a significant challenge to individuals, healthcare systems, and societies. The European reference network on Rare BONe diseases (ERN BOND) is committed to improving multidisciplinary, patient-centred care for individuals with rare bone and mineral diseases (RBMDs). Its affiliated project, the European registries for rare bone and mineral conditions (EuRR-Bone) collects data using two different platforms, an electronic surveillance system (e-REC) that captures the occurrence of RBMDs and the Core Registry, a platform with the infrastructure for collecting Core data fields and longitudinal generic and condition-specific information. With emerging registries and the overlap with other ERNs, it is key to maintain the capability of the platforms to adapt to the needs of the network and the community whilst adhering to quality and FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) principles. This binomial ensures long-term sustainability and potential advances in the care pathway of RBMDs whilst promoting good practice standards within Europe and beyond.
Influence of Menstrual Cycle and Oral Contraceptive Phases on Bone (re)modelling Markers in Response to Interval Running
Authors: Guisado-Cuadrado Isabel , Romero-Parra Nuria , Elliott-Sale Kirsty J. , Sale Craig , Díaz Ángel E. , Peinado Ana B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTo explore how sex hormone fluctuations may affect bone metabolism, this study aimed to examine P1NP and β-CTX-1 concentrations across the menstrual and oral contraceptive (OC) cycle phases in response to running. 17β-oestradiol, progesterone, P1NP and β-CTX-1 were analysed pre- and post-exercise in eight eumenorrheic females in the early-follicular, late-follicular, and mid-luteal phases, while 8 OC users were evaluated during the withdrawal and active pill-taking phases. The running protocol consisted of 8 × 3min treadmill runs at 85% of maximal aerobic speed. 17β-oestradiol concentrations (pg·ml−1) were lower in early-follicular (47.22 ± 39.75) compared to late-follicular (304.95 ± 235.85;p =  < 0.001) and mid-luteal phase (165.56 ± 80.6;p = 0.003) and higher in withdrawal (46.51 ± 44.09) compared to active pill-taking phase (10.88 ± 11.24;p < 0.001). Progesterone (ng·ml−1) was higher in mid-luteal (13.214 ± 4.926) compared to early-follicular (0.521 ± 0.365; p < 0.001) and late-follicular phase (1.677 ± 2.586;p < 0.001). In eumenorrheic females, P1NP concentrations (ng·ml−1) were higher in late-follicular (69.97 ± 17.84) compared to early-follicular (60.96 ± 16.64;p = 0.006;) and mid-luteal phase (59.122 ± 11.77;p = 0.002). β-CTX-1 concentrations (ng·ml−1) were lower in mid-luteal (0.376 ± 0.098) compared to late-follicular (0.496 ± 0.166; p = 0.001) and early-follicular phase (0.452 ± 0.148; p = 0.039). OC users showed higher post-exercise P1NP concentrations in withdrawal phase (61.75 ± 8.32) compared to post-exercise in active pill-taking phase (45.45 ± 6;p < 0.001). Comparing hormonal profiles, post-exercise P1NP concentrations were higher in early-follicular (66.91 ± 16.26;p < 0.001), late-follicular (80.66 ± 16.35;p < 0.001) and mid-luteal phases (64.57 ± 9.68;p = 0.002) to active pill-taking phase. These findings underscore the importance of studying exercising females with different ovarian hormone profiles, as changes in sex hormone concentrations affect bone metabolism in response to running, showing a higher post-exercise P1NP concentrations in all menstrual cycle phases compared with active pill-taking phase of the OC cycle.
Evaluation of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire for Measuring Prevalence and the Consequence of Pain in a Danish Adult OI Population: A Pilot Study
Authors: Horn Camilla Gehling , Jensen Karsten , Hartvigsen Jan , Wekre Lena Lande , Skou Søren T. , Folkestad Lars 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPain is a challenge in persons with OI and causes much concern in the Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) population. We aim to evaluate the usability of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) to identify painful sites in adults with OI and to describe the occurrence of musculoskeletal (MSK) pain and its impact on their work and daily activities. This cross-sectional pilot study uses the OI-NMQ to study MSK pain prevalence in nine separate anatomical regions (neck, upper back, lower back, shoulder, elbow, hand/wrist, hip, knee, and ankle/foot) and its impact on regular work and daily activities in adults with OI. The questionnaire was distributed among participants of the 2023 annual meeting of The Danish OI Society. The response rate was 68%, and all participants considered the OI-NMQ helpful in assessing the presence of pain and its consequences. The analysis included 27 adults with OI type I, III, or IV above 18 years. Among all 27 participants, MSK pain was present in 15–56% of the 9 sites within the last 7 days and 33–89% of the nine anatomical regions during the last 12 months. In 7–48% of all the participants, their regular work and daily activities had been affected by the presence of MSK pain. The OI-NMQ was feasible in assessing MSK pain among adults with OI and displayed a high prevalence of MSK pain with a moderate impact on their regular work and daily activities in this OI population. A larger and repeated measurement of MSK pain in adults with OI is needed to confirm these results.
Cones of orthogonal Shimura subvarieties and equidistribution
Authors: Zuffetti Riccardo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLet X be an orthogonal Shimura variety, and let $$\mathcal {C}^{\textrm{ort}}_{r}(X)$$

C

r
ort

(
X
)

be the cone generated by the cohomology classes of orthogonal Shimura subvarieties in X of dimension r. We investigate the asymptotic properties of the generating rays of $$\mathcal {C}^{\textrm{ort}}_{r}(X)$$

C

r
ort

(
X
)

for large values of r. They accumulate towards rays generated by wedge products of the Kähler class of X and the fundamental class of an orthogonal Shimura subvariety. We also compare $$\mathcal {C}^{\textrm{ort}}_{r}(X)$$

C

r
ort

(
X
)

with the cone generated by the special cycles of dimension r. The main ingredient to achieve the results above is the equidistribution of orthogonal Shimura subvarieties.
EAR-Q outcomes in healthy adults: determining normative data
Authors: Wolters Alex Jacobus Petrus , de Henau Melissa , Piatkowski de Grzymala Andrzej A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are gaining importance in research and as a clinical tool to measure pre- and post-surgical patient satisfaction. The EAR-Q, an example of a clinically used PROM, focuses on patient satisfaction regarding their ears. However, the absence of EAR-Q scores in adults without external ear conditions causes challenging interpretation of the results in patients with ear conditions. Therefore, this study aims to find normative data for scales of the EAR-Q in healthy adults.

Methods
This cross-sectional, single centre study included 515 healthy adults without conditions of the external ears. The participants filled in an online questionnaire with questions from the EAR-Q scales. A Rasch score between 0 and 100 was calculated, in which higher scores correlate with more satisfaction of that particular scale.

Results
Mean scores for the EAR-Q ± standard deviation were: appearance 74 ± 20, adverse effects 94 ± 9, appearance distress 78 ± 14, psychological 64 ± 15 and social 66 ± 13. There was no difference in appearance scale between males and females; however, females scored lower on the appearance distress scale and psychological scale. Participants aged 30 and older scored higher on the appearance scale and appearance distress scale.

Conclusions
This is the first study to generate normative data for the EAR-Q in an adult population without ear conditions. The presented findings and normal scores support future research and clinical implementation of the EAR-Q. Clinicians can guide decision-making with these normative data as a reference point. Level of Evidence: Not gradable
Cranial and spinal nerve enhancement in SURF1-associated Leigh syndrome
Authors: Dupré Mhairi , Warne Richard , Shipman Peter , Kava Maina , Ghia Twinkle , Loughman Lily , Lakshmanan Rahul 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA 23-month-old boy with poor growth, developmental delay, and hypotonia presented with acute onset of ataxia and fatigue. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spinal cord was performed as part of diagnostic work-up. MRI showed bilateral symmetrical lesions in basal ganglia, midbrain, and brainstem consistent with Leigh syndrome. Signal abnormalities were also present within the cervical cord, with enhancement of multiple cranial, spinal, and cauda equina nerve roots. Genetic testing confirmed compound heterozygosity for two pathogenic variants in SURF1 implicated in Leigh syndrome. Whilst nerve root enhancement has been described in other mitochondrial disorders, we believe this is the first published case of both cranial and spinal nerve root enhancement in Leigh syndrome.
Graphical Abstract