bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advantages of a conservative velocity interpolation (CVI) scheme for particle‐in‐cell methods with application in geodynamic modeling
Authors: Wang Hongliang , Agrusta Roberto , van Hunen Jeroen 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe particle‐in‐cell method is generally considered a flexible and robust method to model the geodynamic problems with chemical heterogeneity. However, velocity interpolation from grid points to particle locations is often performed without considering the divergence of the velocity field, which can lead to significant particle dispersion or clustering if those particles move through regions of strong velocity gradients. This may ultimately result in cells void of particles, which, if left untreated, may, in turn, lead to numerical inaccuracies. Here we apply a two‐dimensional conservative velocity interpolation (CVI) scheme to steady state and time‐dependent flow fields with strong velocity gradients (e.g., due to large local viscosity variation) and derive and apply the three‐dimensional equivalent. We show that the introduction of CVI significantly reduces the dispersion and clustering of particles in both steady state and time‐dependent flow problems and maintains a locally steady number of particles, without the need for ad hoc remedies such as very high initial particle densities or reseeding during the calculation. We illustrate that this method provides a significant improvement to particle distributions in common geodynamic modeling problems such as subduction zones or lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary dynamics.
Impact of snow accumulation on CryoSat‐2 range retrievals over Arctic sea ice: An observational approach with buoy data
Authors: Ricker Robert , Hendricks Stefan , Perovich Donald K. , Helm Veit , Gerdes Rüdiger 
Published: May 2015

AbstractRadar altimetry measurements of the current satellite mission CryoSat‐2 show an increase of Arctic sea ice thickness in autumn 2013, compared to previous years but also related to March 2013. Such an increase over the melting season seems unlikely and needs to be investigated. Recent studies show that the influence of the snow cover is not negligible and can highly affect the CryoSat‐2 range retrievals if it is assumed that the main scattering horizon is given by the snow‐ice interface. Our analysis of Arctic ice mass balance buoy records and coincident CryoSat‐2 data between 2012 and 2014 adds observational evidence to these findings. Linear trends of snow and ice freeboard measurements from buoys and nearby CryoSat‐2 freeboard retrievals are calculated during accumulation events. We find a positive correlation between buoy snow freeboard and CryoSat‐2 freeboard estimates, revealing that early snow accumulation might have caused a bias in CryoSat‐2 sea ice thickness in autumn 2013.
Preparation and characterization of a composite nanofiltration membrane from cyclen and trimesoyl chloride prepared by interfacial polymerization
Authors: Chen Gui‐E. , Liu Yan‐Jun , Xu Zhen‐Liang , Hu Deng , Huang Hui‐Hong , Sun Li 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA novel nanofiltration (NF) membrane was prepared with cyclen and trimesoyl chloride by interfacial polymerization on a poly(ether sulfone) ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular weight cutoff of 50,000 Da. The effects of the reaction time, monomer concentration, and heat‐treatment temperature are discussed. The physicochemical properties and morphology of the prepared NF membrane were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy–attenuated total reflectance, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectrometry, and atomic force microscopy. The NF performances were evaluated with solutions of Na2SO4, MgSO4, Mg(NO3)2, and NaCl. The salt‐rejection order of the prepared NF membrane was as follows: Na2SO4 > MgSO4 > Mg(NO3)2 > NaCl. The resulting rejection of Na2SO4 and PEG600 (polyethylene glycol with the average molecular weight of 600) were more than 90%, whereas that of NaCl was approximately 10%. After the addition of silica sol in the aqueous phase (silica sol concentration = 0.1% w/v), the salt rejection of the membrane changed slightly. However, the water flux was from 24.2 L·m−2·h−1 (25°C, 0.6 MPa) up to 38.9 L·m−2·h−1 (25°C, 0.6 MPa), and the resulting membrane exhibited excellent hydrophilicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42345.
A Code of Ethics for Evidence‐Based Research With Ancient Human Remains
Authors: Kreissl Lonfat Bettina M. , Kaufmann Ina Maria , Rühli Frank 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTAs clinical research constantly advances and the concept of evolution becomes a strong and influential part of basic medical research, the absence of a discourse that deals with the use of ancient human remains in evidence‐based research is becoming unbearable. While topics such as exhibition and excavation of human remains are established ethical fields of discourse, when faced with instrumentalization of ancient human remains for research (i.e., ancient DNA extractions for disease marker analyses) the answers from traditional ethics or even more practical fields of bio‐ethics or more specific biomedical ethics are rare to non‐existent. The Centre for Evolutionary Medicine at the University of Zurich solved their needs for discursive action through the writing of a self‐given code of ethics which was written in dialogue with the researchers at the Institute and was published online in Sept. 2011: http://evolutionäremedizin.ch/coe/. The philosophico‐ethical basis for this a code of conduct and ethics and the methods are published in this article. Anat Rec, 298:1175–1181, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PUM I Revisited: Tradeoffs in Preservation and Discovery
Authors: Zimmerman Michael R. , Gleeson Molly 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTAn Egyptian mummy designated PUM I (Pennsylvania University Museum) was subjected to a complete autopsy in 1972. Forty‐one years later, the senior author (MZ) was invited back to the Penn Museum to identify several packages of material that had been preserved with the mummy joining the project conservator (MG) in the evaluation of these remains. A summary of the 1972 examination reviews the dating of the mummy, about 3,000 years ago. The mummy was poorly preserved and the only significant pathology was a rare skin disease, subcorneal pustular dermatosis, which was not identified by modern medicine until 1956. The review of PUM 1, as the mummy is stabilized during conservation at the Penn Museum (previously called the Pennsylvania University Museum), generates a discussion for researchers who embark on the study of mummified remains. There have been major advances in the study of mummies since 1972, including computed tomography (CT) scanning, with much less invasive endoscopically guided biopsies, analysis for ancient DNA (aDNA), nuclear magnetic resonance technology, chemical analysis, and paleoserology. The value of complete autopsy must now be balanced against preservation of a complete mummy by less invasive techniques that are tissue sampled through guided technology. Indeed it is unlikely that these regions of the skin of PUM 1 would have been sampled and studied if these new tools of analysis had been available and applied. Anat Rec, 298:949–953, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Orthopedic Diseases of Ancient Egypt
Authors: Fritsch Klaus O , Hamoud Heshem , Allam Adel H. , Grossmann Alexander , Nur El‐Din Abdel‐Halim , Abdel‐Maksoud Gomaa , Al‐Tohamy Soliman Muhammad , Badr Ibrahim , Sutherland James D , Linda Sutherland M. , Akl Mahmoud , Finch Caleb E , Thomas Gregory S. , Wann L. Samuel , Thompson Randall C 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTBackground: CT scanning of ancient human remains has the potential to provide insights into health and diseases. While Egyptian mummies have undergone CT scans in prior studies, a systematic survey of the orthopedic conditions afflicting a group of these ancient individuals has never been carried out. Methods: We performed whole body CT scanning on 52 ancient Egyptian mummies using technique comparable to that of medical imaging. All of the large joints and the spine were systematically examined and osteoarthritic (OA) changes were scored 0‐4 using Kellgren and Lawrence classification. Results: The cruciate ligaments and menisci could be identified frequently. There were much more frequent OA changes in the spine (25 mummies) than in the large joints (15 cases of acromioclavicular and/or glenohumeral joint OA changes, five involvement of the ankle, one in the elbow, four in the knee, and one in the hip). There were six cases of scoliosis. Individual mummies had the following conditions: juvenile aseptic necrosis of the hip (Perthes disease), stage 4 osteochondritis dissecans of the knee, vertebral compression fracture, lateral patella‐femoral joint hyper‐compression syndrome, severe rotator cuff arthropathy, rotator cuff impingement, hip pincer impingement, and combined fracture of the greater trochantor and vertebral bodies indicating obvious traumatic injury. This report includes the most ancient discovery of several of these syndromes. Conclusions: Ancient Egyptians often suffered painful orthopedic conditions. The high frequency of scoliosis merits further study. The pattern of degenerative changes in the spine and joints may offer insights into activity levels of these people. Anat Rec, 298:1036–1046, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
“The Opening of the Mouth”—A New Perspective for an Ancient Egyptian Mummification Procedure
Authors: Seiler Roger , Rühli Frank 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT“The opening of the mouth ritual” (OMR) is a central and well‐documented component of the Ancient Egyptian mortuary ceremony. In the scientific literature, we find various references that indicate that parts of this ritual correspond to physical opening of the deceased's mouth during its mummification. We denote this physical treatment of the dead the “opening of the mouth procedure,” to underline the distinction against the “opening of the mouth ritual,” which is performed ceremonially later on the mummy or even the statue. The mummifying procedure itself however is known only from rare pictorial representations and the later summary descriptions of Greek authors. Nevertheless, recently some authors tried, on the basis of paleopathological findings, to demonstrate that the mouth of the deceased had to be opened physically before mummifying. Careful examination of the mummies of the Swiss Mummy Project and other cases reported in the literature showed frequent dental pathologies including fractured and totally luxated teeth, which were up to now not sufficiently taken into consideration. The detailed report of the preliminary procedures of mummifying the Apis bull—as appropriate detailed descriptions for humans are missing—gives us insight into the treatment of the oral cavity. Our results, when combined with the available historical literature, indicate that the OMR can be regarded as a ritualized counterpart of a real “opening of mouth procedure” during mummification. Anat Rec, 298:1208–1216, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc..
Considered Limitations and Possible Applications of Computed Tomography in Mummy Research
Authors: Gerald Conlogue 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTOver the past two decades, computed tomography, CT, has become one of the most significant imaging modalities in clinical medicine. The hardware and software innovations responsible for the advances in image quality have also resulted in the desire to incorporate CT into mummy research. Although manufacturers have endeavored to simplify the operation of the equipment, the intended use has been primarily living humans and not dehydrated remains. However, with a thorough understanding of the underlying principles of the modality, including the limitations, and the consequences of the manipulation of technical settings, satisfactory results can be obtained. Anat Rec, 298:1088–1098, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Solving the stochastic multi‐class traffic assignment problem with asymmetric interactions, route overlapping, and vehicle restrictions
Authors: Ryu Seungkyu , Chen Anthony , Choi Keechoo 
Published: May 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we develop a customized path‐based algorithm for solving the stochastic multi‐class traffic assignment problem with asymmetric interactions, route overlapping, and vehicle restrictions. The algorithm consists of an iterative balancing scheme to find the search direction, a self‐regulated averaging line search scheme to determine a suitable stepsize, and a column generation scheme to generate a universal path set for multiple vehicle classes. These three schemes work together in the customized path‐based algorithm to solve the stochastic multi‐class traffic assignment problem. The solution algorithm simultaneously considers the asymmetric interactions among different vehicle types through the link travel time functions, various vehicle restrictions in a transportation network, and route overlapping using the path‐size logit model for accounting random perceptions of network conditions in a stochastic user equilibrium framework. A real network in the city of Winnipeg, Canada, is used to examine the computational performance of the customized path‐based algorithm. In addition, sensitivity analyses are conducted to test the algorithmic effectiveness with respect to several model parameters and percentages of trucks in the transportation network. Numerical results reveal that the path‐based algorithm with the self‐regulated averaging line search scheme is computationally effective in solving the stochastic multi‐class traffic assignment problem with different modeling considerations. The algorithm is also computationally robust against various model parameters in the sensitivity analyses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermostabilization of Aspergillus oryzae β‐d‐galactosidase
Authors: Wahba Marwa I. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe thermal stability of the Aspergillus oryzae β‐d‐galactosidase (β‐gal) was evaluated at 60 °C. The stability of β‐gal was dependent on the pH, buffer, and additives. The β‐gal exhibited its highest thermal stability in a 0.02 M phosphate buffer pH 6. Among all the tested additives, galactose, a competitive inhibitor of β‐gal, was the upmost thermal stabilizer. A 0.15 M galactose solution caused β‐gal to retain a whole of 98.65% of its initial activity after incubation at 60 °C for 2 H. The second best thermal stabilizer of β‐gal was raffinose. A 0.15 M raffinose‐β‐gal mixture retained 84.41% of its initial activity after incubation at 60 °C for 2 H, whereas the control retained only 61.02%. The results of this study also revealed that all the tested positively charged polymers (diethylaminoethyl [DEAE] dextran and polyethyleneimine [PEI] 800, 2,000, 750,000 Da) significantly destabilized β‐gal. However, these positively charged polymers exerted different effects on the β‐gal's activity. PEI 750,000 significantly activated the enzyme, while DEAE dextran and PEI 800 did not exert any significant effects on the β‐gal's activity. Nevertheless, PEI 2,000 significantly activated the enzyme.
An evaluation of public genomic references for mapping RNA‐Seq data from Chinese hamster ovary cells
Authors: Le Huong , Chen Chun , Goudar Chetan T. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTWhile RNA‐Seq is increasingly used as the method of choice for transcriptome analysis of mammalian cell culture processes, no universal genomic reference for mapping RNA‐Seq reads from CHO cells has been reported. In previous publications, de novo transcriptomes assembled using these RNA‐Seq reads were subsequently used for mapping. Potential caveats with this approach include the incomplete coverage and the non‐universal nature of the de novo assemblies, leading to challenges in comparing results across studies. In order to facilitate future RNA‐Seq studies in CHO cells, we performed a comprehensive evaluation of four public genomic references for CHO cells hosted by the NCBI Reference Sequence Database (RefSeq), including two annotated genomes released in 2012 and 2014 and their accompanying transcriptomes. Each genome showed significantly higher mapped rates compared to its accompanying transcriptome. Furthermore, higher mapped rates in deep intra‐genic regions, especially within exons, were observed for the more recent genome release (2014) compared to the older one (2012), indicating that the 2014 genome was the preeminent reference among the four. Sequential addition of human and mouse genomes increased the total mapped rate to 87.3 and 89.7%, respectively, from 73.5% using the 2014 Chinese hamster genome alone. Thus, the sequential combination of the 2014 RefSeq Chinese hamster genome, the Ensembl human genome (h38), and the Ensembl mouse genome (m38) was suggested as the most effective strategy for mapping RNA‐Seq data from CHO cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2412–2416. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of Fluorescent Microcystin Derivatives by Direct Arginine Labelling and Their Biological Evaluation
Authors: Grundler Verena , Faltermann Susanne , Fent Karl , Gademann Karl 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMicrocystin is the most prevalent toxin produced by cyanobacteria and poses a severe threat to livestock, humans and entire ecosystems. We report the preparation of a series of fluorescent microcystin derivatives by direct arginine labelling of the unprotected peptides at the guanidinium side chain. This new method allows a simple late‐stage diversification strategy for native peptides devoid of protecting groups under mild conditions. A series of fluorophores were conjugated to microcystin‐LR in good to very good yield. The fluorescent probes displayed biological activity comparable to that of unlabelled microcystin, in both phosphatase inhibition assays and toxicity tests on the crustacean Thamnocephalus platyurus. In addition, we demonstrate that the fluorescent probes penetrated Huh7 cells. Whole‐animal imaging was performed on T. platyurus: labelled compound was mainly observed in the digestive tract.
Inhibitors of Matriptase‐2 Based on the Trypsin Inhibitor SFTI‐1
Authors: Gitlin Agata , Dębowski Dawid , Karna Natalia , Łęgowska Anna , Stirnberg Marit , Gütschow Michael , Rolka Krzysztof 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA series of 17 new analogues of trypsin inhibitor SFTI‐1 were designed and synthesized to obtain matriptase‐2 inhibitors. A number of the modified bicyclic peptides displayed much higher affinity towards matriptase‐2 than towards the highly homologous matriptase‐1. Replacement of Lys5 by Arg in the wild‐type SFTI‐1 led to an 11‐fold increase in the matriptase‐2 inhibitory activity. Replacement of Arg2 by its enantiomer (D‐arginine) slightly lowered the inhibition of matriptase‐2, but almost completely abolished the affinity towards matriptase‐1, thus yielding the most selective matriptase‐2 inhibitor. This is the first report describing inhibitors of the recently discovered matriptase‐2 based on the SFTI‐1 structure. The results showed that SFTI‐1 is a promising scaffold for the design of potent and selective inhibitors of this enzyme.
Radiation safety
Authors: Chambers Charles E. , Miller Donald L. 
Published: May 2015

Key Points

Best practices should be followed in the catheterization laboratory for Radiation safety, and when they are, this benefits patients, staff, and operator.
Point radiation measurements do not accurately reflect either patient or staff radiation risk.
Operators should: (a) know their own dose, (b) utilize all standard dose reduction methods, (c) realize the ethical issues inherent in personal protection at the expense of the patient.
Trans‐subclavian versus transapical access for transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A multicenter study
Authors: Ciuca Cristina , Tarantini Giuseppe , Latib Azeem , Gasparetto Valeria , Savini Carlo , Di Eusanio Marco , Napodano Massimo , Maisano Francesco , Gerosa Gino , Sticchi Alessandro , Marzocchi Antonio , Alfieri Ottavio , Colombo Antonio , Saia Francesco 
Published: May 2015

ObjectivesTo compare the outcomes of trans‐subclavian (TS) and transapical (TA) access for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).BackgroundA considerable proportion of patients undergoing TAVI are not eligible for transfemoral approach. To date, there are few data to guide the choice between alternative vascular access routes.MethodsAmong 874 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI, 202 procedures were performed through TA (n = 142, 70.3%) or TS (n = 60, 29.7%) access. Medtronic Corevalve (CV, Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN) was implanted in 17.3% of the patients, the Edwards‐Sapien (ES, Edwards Lifesciences Inc., Irvine, CA) in 81.2% and other prostheses in 0.1%. In‐hospital and long‐term outcome were assessed using the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)‐2 definitions.ResultsMean age was 82 ± 6 years, STS score 9.3 ± 7.9%. The 2 groups showed a relevant imbalance in baseline characteristics. In hospital mortality was 6.4% (1.7% TS vs. 8.4% TA, P = 0.06), stroke 2.0%, acute myocardial infarction 1.0%, acute kidney injury 39.4%, sepsis 4.0% with no significant differences between groups, while bleeding was more frequent in TA patients (53.5% vs. 11.7% TS, P < 0.001). One‐ and 2‐year survival was 85.2% and 73.2% in TS patients, and 83.9% and 74.9% in TA patients (P = ns for both). Access site was not an independent predictor of mortality at multivariable analysis.ConclusionTransapical compared with trans‐subclavian access for TAVI was associated with a nonsignificant trend to increased periprocedural events. However, 1‐ and 2‐year survival appears similar. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase Relations of Li2O—MnO—P2O5 System and the Electrochemical Properties of Li1+xMn1‐xPO4 Compounds.
Authors: Yan Danlin , Zhao Yanming , Dong Youzhong , Liang Zhiyong , Lin Xinghao 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe phase diagram of the title system under reducing atmosphere (95% Ar/5% H2) is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Multiple, Contiguous Quaternary Stereocenters in Acyclic Molecules by Lithiation‐Borylation.
Authors: Watson Charlotte G. , Balanta Angelica , Elford Tim G. , Essafi Stephanie , Harvey Jeremy N. , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUsing the lithiation of chiral carbamates followed by borylation, carbon chains bearing multiple contiguous quaternary stereogenic centers can be constructed with high enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Etherification and Polyene Cyclization of π‐Activated Alcohols Promoted by Hot Water.
Authors: Zhang Feng‐Zhi , Tian Yan , Li Guo‐Xing , Qu Jin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA broad spectrum of alcohol substrates is successfully used in the title reactions to produce furan‐ or pyran‐containing structures in etherification processes as well as tri‐ and tetracyclic ring systems in polyene cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative C—S Bond Cleavage Reaction of DMSO for C—N and C—C Bond Formation: New Mannich‐Type Reaction for β‐Amino Ketones.
Authors: Sun Kai , Lv Yunhe , Zhu Zhonghong , Zhang Liping , Wu Hankui , Liu Lin , Jiang Yongqing , Xiao Beibei , Wang Xin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA new Mannich‐type reaction between ketone methyl C(sp3)—H bonds and the N—H bond of saccharin (II) is developed using DMSO as a one carbon bridging group for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiomerically Enriched Tris(boronates): Readily Accessible Conjunctive Reagents for Asymmetric Synthesis.
Authors: Coombs John R. , Zhang Liang , Morken James P. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe platinum‐catalyzed asymmetric preparation of 1,1,2‐tris(boronates) is described followed by their transformation to 1,2‐diols, either intra‐ or intermolecular, while accepting various primary and secondary electrophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Intermolecular Cobalt‐Catalyzed Pauson—Khand Reaction Using a P‐Stereogenic Bis‐phosphane.
Authors: Orgue Silvia , Leon Thierry , Riera Antoni , Verdaguer Xavier 
Published: May 2015

AbstractA novel family of P‐stereogenic diphosphane ligands is developed and applied in the asymmetric cobalt‐catalyzed Pauson—Khand reaction.