bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large air‐gap 6.6 kW wireless EV charger with self‐resonant PWM
Authors: Lee Jun‐Young , Yoo Kwang‐Min , Jung Byung Sang , Chae Beom‐Soek , Seo Jeong Kyo 
Published: March 2014

A large air‐gap wireless DC/DC charger for an electric vehicle (EV) is suggested. It is controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM) with a self‐resonant frequency formed by self‐inductance and a resonant capacitor so that constant frequency operation can be accomplished under a large air‐gap without an additional current chopper. The feasibility of the proposed method has been verified with a 6.6 kW prototype with an air‐gap of 12–20 cm.
Photonic microwave oscillator based on monolithic DFB lasers with frequency‐shifted feedback
Authors: Wang L. , Romanelli M. , Van Dijk F. , Vallet M. 
Published: March 2014

A photonic oscillator, locked to a master RF synthesiser, was built by using a monolithic dual‐wavelength DFB semiconductor laser submitted to a frequency‐shifted optical feedback. A [3; 10] GHz tuning range is reported, with a phase noise level lower than −70 dBrad2/Hz at a 10 Hz offset from the carrier.
Citrate bridges between mineral platelets in bone
Authors: Davies Erika , Müller Karin H. , Wong Wai Ching , Pickard Chris J. , Reid David G. , Skepper Jeremy N. , Duer Melinda J. 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Bone contains ∼2% wt citrate; however, its role in bone remains a much-debated question. We propose a new structure for bone mineral in which citrate in hydrated layers forms bridges between mineral platelets, which can explain a number of observations at odds with previous models. The incorporation of citrate between mineral platelets can explain the flat, plate-like morphology of bone mineral platelets and may be important in controlling the crystallinity of bone mineral, which in turn, is highly relevant to the mechanical properties of bone.
Hypocretin (orexin) facilitates reward by attenuating the antireward effects of its cotransmitter dynorphin in ventral tegmental area
Authors: Muschamp John W. , Hollander Jonathan A. , Thompson Jennifer L. , Voren George , Hassinger Linda C. , Onvani Sara , Kamenecka Theodore M. , Borgland Stephanie L. , Kenny Paul J. , Carlezon William A. 
Published: March 2014

SignificanceHypocretin (orexin) and dynorphin are neuromodulators that play an important role in regulating affect and motivation. Orexin is critical for reward and is implicated in drug seeking, whereas dynorphin mediates negative mood and is implicated in depressive-like states. Considering these opposing effects, reports that both peptides are expressed in the same neurons and are coreleased are counterintuitive. Here, we demonstrate that orexin and dynorphin are coexpressed within the same synaptic vesicles and that this colocalization has a profound influence on reward, drug taking, and impulsive-like behavior. The fact that orexin occludes the depressive-like antireward effects of dynorphin significantly changes how we view the functional role of orexin in the brain.
A role for primate subgenual cingulate cortex in sustaining autonomic arousal
Authors: Rudebeck Peter H. , Putnam Philip T. , Daniels Teresa E. , Yang Tianming , Mitz Andrew R. , Rhodes Sarah E. V. , Murray Elisabeth A. 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Dysregulation of emotion is central to the etiology of mood disorders, such as depression. A causal understanding of how neural structures regulate emotion and arousal could help to improve treatments for these psychiatric disorders. Studies of patients with depression indicate that a particular part of the frontal lobe, the subgenual cingulate cortex, plays an important role in affective processing, though its precise contribution remains unclear. Here we show that, in macaque monkeys, this small part of the frontal cortex is necessary for sustaining elevated arousal in anticipation of positive emotional events. This finding suggests a mechanism for the contribution of this area to affective regulation, including an account for the lack of pleasure and passivity that characterizes mood disorders.
In vivo radiation response of proneural glioma characterized by protective p53 transcriptional program and proneural-mesenchymal shift
Authors: Halliday John , Helmy Karim , Pattwell Siobhan S. , Pitter Kenneth L. , LaPlant Quincey , Ozawa Tatsuya , Holland Eric C. 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Glioblastoma is one of the most radio-resistant tumors, and the mechanisms of radioresistance are intensely studied. Here, we use a mouse model of proneural glioma to evaluate in vivo radiation-induced gene expression regulation at both the translational and transcriptional levels. We found that p53 and E2F are major regulators of the in vivo radiation response, and that there is little contribution from translational regulation, in contrast to previous in vitro reports. We also found that radiation induces a rapid shift in subtype from proneural to mesenchymal, which may have important implications for attempts to tailor targeted therapy regimens to tumor subtype.
Shape matters in protein mobility within membranes
Authors: Quemeneur François , Sigurdsson Jon K. , Renner Marianne , Atzberger Paul J. , Bassereau Patricia , Lacoste David 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Lateral Brownian diffusion of proteins in lipid membranes has been predicted by Saffman and Delbrück to depend only on protein size and on the viscosity of the membrane and of the surrounding medium. Using a single-molecule tracking technique on two transmembrane proteins that bend the membrane differently and are reconstituted in giant unilamellar vesicles, we show that the mobility of a membrane protein is crucially dependent on the local membrane deformation self-generated around the protein, which can be tuned by adjusting membrane tension. The feedback between membrane shaping and mobility is well explained by analytical and numerical models that include the friction of the deformed membrane patch with the surrounding medium and the friction internal to the bilayer.
Fungal prion HET-s as a model for structural complexity and self-propagation in prions
Authors: Wan William , Stubbs Gerald 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Prions are self-propagating infectious proteins that have been implicated in a number of invariably fatal diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that this self-propagating activity is present in most or all amyloid diseases. To understand the pathology of these diseases, it is imperative to understand the mechanisms involved in self-propagation. To this end, we have used the fungal prion-forming domain HET-s(218–289) as a model system for studying sequence determinants required for structural propagation. We have determined the requirements for folding into the biologically active β-solenoid conformation and characterized the roles of different interactions in the assembly and overall stability of HET-s(218–289) prions. Our results provide insights into the fundamental mechanisms of prion assembly and propagation.
Beta cyclodextrins bind, stabilize, and remove lipofuscin bisretinoids from retinal pigment epithelium
Authors: Nociari Marcelo M. , Lehmann Guillermo L. , Perez Bay Andres E. , Radu Roxana A. , Jiang Zhichun , Goicochea Shelby , Schreiner Ryan , Warren J. David , Shan Jufang , Adam de Beaumais Ségolène , Ménand Mickaël , Sollogoub Matthieu , Maxfield Frederick R. , Rodriguez-Boulan Enrique 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Lipofuscin accumulation in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a hallmark of aging. High lipofuscin levels in the RPE have been associated with retinal degeneration and blindness in Stargardt disease patients and animal models. Currently, there is no treatment to prevent and/or revert lipofuscin-driven retinal degenerative changes. In this study, we report that beta cyclodextrins, cyclic sugars composed of seven glucose units, can bind retinal lipofuscin, prevent its oxidation and remove it from RPE. This study opens an avenue to develop small drugs against, currently untreatable, lipofuscin-associated blinding disorders.
Role of granule-cell transmission in memory trace of cerebellum-dependent optokinetic motor learning
Authors: Wada Norio , Funabiki Kazuo , Nakanishi Shigetada 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Purkinje cells and vestibular nuclei receive optokinetic and retinal slip signals that induce optokinetic motor learning. The role of multiple cerebellar circuits in the adaptive optokinetic response (OKR) was investigated by selective and reversible blockade of granule-cell transmission to Purkinje cells. This blockade abrogated both short-term and long-term OKR adaptation, but adaptive OKRs were immediately induced when the granule-cell transmission was recovered in pretrained, adaptive OKR-negative mice. Eye movement by electrical stimulation of the flocculus was elevated by long-term but not by short-term OKR training. Simultaneous flocculus and OKR stimulation produced normal OKR adaptation in adaptive OKR-negative mice. This study demonstrates that vestibular nuclei serve as a critical circuit responsible for formation and storage of OKR adaptation.
Deep classification of a large cryo-EM dataset defines the conformational landscape of the 26S proteasome
Authors: Unverdorben Pia , Beck Florian , Śledź Paweł , Schweitzer Andreas , Pfeifer Günter , Plitzko Jürgen M. , Baumeister Wolfgang , Förster Friedrich 
Published: March 2014

SignificanceThe 26S proteasome is a multisubunit molecular machine for the targeted degradation of intracellular proteins. It has an essential role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis. During its functional cycle the proteasome undergoes large-scale conformational changes. For a detailed mechanistic understanding, an analysis of its conformational landscape is indispensable. Capitalizing on a very large dataset of more than 3 million individual particles and using a novel image-classification strategy, we have been able to deconvolute coexisting conformational states. This led to the discovery of conformation intermediates that provide deeper insights into the sequence of events following the initial binding of ubiquitylated substrates.
Brain galanin system genes interact with life stresses in depression-related phenotypes
Authors: Juhasz Gabriella , Hullam Gabor , Eszlari Nora , Gonda Xenia , Antal Peter , Anderson Ian Muir , Hökfelt Tomas G. M. , Deakin J. F. William , Bagdy Gyorgy 
Published: March 2014

Significance
Early and recent environmental stressors, such as maltreatment in childhood, or stressful life events in adulthood, are important risk factors for depression. Nevertheless, not all people who suffer from these will be depressed. The resilience or vulnerability to these stressors, and thus depression, is likely to reside in our genes. In the present study, we used different statistical methods to demonstrate that variations in genes for galanin and its receptors increase the risk of depression only in heavily stress-exposed subjects. The work was predicated on the finding that galanin expression is strongly stimulated by stress in animal studies. In humans, variation in galanin function would appear to be important determinants of the outcome of psychosocial stress.
Spatial and temporal covariability in early ocean survival of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) along the west coast of North America
Authors: Kilduff D. Patrick , Botsford Louis W. , Teo Steven L. H. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Knowledge of the spatial and temporal extent of covariation in survival during the critical ocean entry stage will improve our understanding of how changing ocean conditions influence salmon productivity and management. We used data from the Pacific coastwide coded-wire tagging program to investigate local and regional patterns of ocean survival of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Central Valley of California to southeastern Alaska from 1980–2006. Ocean survival of fish migrating as subyearlings covaried strongly from Vancouver Island to California. Short-term correlations between adjacent regions indicated this covariability increased, beginning in the early 1990s. Chinook salmon survivals exhibited a larger spatial scale of variability (50% correlation scale: 706 km) than those reported for other northeast Pacific Ocean salmon. This scale is similar to that of environmental variables related to ecosystem productivity, such as summer upwelling (50% correlation scale: 746 km) and sea surface temperature (50% correlation scale: 500–600 km). Chinook salmon ocean survival rates from southeastern Alaska and south of Vancouver Island were not inversely correlated, in contrast to earlier observations based on catch data, but note that our data differ in temporal and spatial coverage from those studies. The increased covariability in Chinook salmon ocean survival suggests that the marine phase contributes little to the reduction in risk across populations attributable to the portfolio effect. In addition, survival of fish migrating as yearlings from the Columbia River covaried with Chinook salmon survival from the northernmost regions, consistent with our understanding of their migration patterns.
Fine-scale diel and gender-based patterns in behaviour of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) on a spawning ground in the Western Gulf of Maine
Authors: Dean Micah J. , Hoffman William S. , Zemeckis Douglas R. , Armstrong Michael P. 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Understanding the influence of spawning behaviour on the fine-scale distribution of Atlantic cod is essential to the design of effective conservation measures. Laboratory studies suggest that spawning activity occurs primarily at night, yet no field studies have evaluated the influence of diel period on the behaviour of individual wild spawning cod. Using an acoustic telemetry positioning system, the fine-scale movements of spawning cod were observed in situ as they returned to the same spawning location over consecutive seasons. The resulting data identify clear gender-based diel patterns in space use and aggregation behaviour among cod on a spawning ground. During the day, females remained aggregated in one small location that varied little within and between years. Males also aggregated during the day, but occupied a much larger adjacent area. At night, individual males sought out separate small territories while females generally remained near their daytime aggregation site, making periodic excursions into the surrounding area. These patterns were surprisingly stable over the 2 years of observation, indicating little interannual variability in spawning behaviour. This study provides an unprecedented examination of the natural spawning behaviour of Atlantic cod, and makes connections between earlier laboratory studies and field observations.
Accuracy of Transthoracic Lung Ultrasound for Diagnosing Anesthesia-induced Atelectasis in Children
Authors: Acosta Cecilia M. , Maidana Gustavo A. , Jacovitti Daniel , Belaunzarán Agustín , Cereceda Silvana , Rae Elizabeth , Molina Ananda , Gonorazky Sergio , Bohm Stephan H. , Tusman Gerardo 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background:
The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of lung sonography (LUS) to diagnose anesthesia-induced atelectasis in children undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods:
Fifteen children with American Society of Anesthesiology’s physical status classification I and aged 1 to 7 yr old were studied. Sevoflurane anesthesia was performed with the patients breathing spontaneously during the study period. After taking the reference lung MRI images, LUS was carried out using a linear probe of 6 to 12 MHz. Atelectasis was documented in MRI and LUS segmenting the chest into 12 similar anatomical regions. Images were analyzed by four blinded radiologists, two for LUS and two for MRI. The level of agreement for the diagnosis of atelectasis among observers was tested using the κ reliability index.

Results:
Fourteen patients developed atelectasis mainly in the most dependent parts of the lungs. LUS showed 88% of sensitivity (95% CI, 74 to 96%), 89% of specificity (95% CI, 83 to 94%), and 88% of accuracy (95% CI, 83 to 92%) for the diagnosis of atelectasis taking MRI as reference. The agreement between the two radiologists for diagnosing atelectasis by MRI was very good (κ, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1; P < 0.0001) as was the agreement between the two radiologists for detecting atelectasis by LUS (κ, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1; P < 0.0001). MRI and LUS also showed good agreement when data from the four radiologists were pooled and examined together (κ, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.81; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
LUS is an accurate, safe, and simple bedside method for diagnosing anesthesia-induced atelectasis in children.
Simulator-based Transesophageal Echocardiographic Training with Motion Analysis
Authors: Matyal Robina , Mitchell John D. , Hess Philip E. , Chaudary Bilal , Bose Ruma , Jainandunsing Jayant S. , Wong Vanessa , Mahmood Feroze 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Background:
Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is a complex endeavor involving both motor and cognitive skills. Current training requires extended time in the clinical setting. Application of an integrated approach for TEE training including simulation could facilitate acquisition of skills and knowledge.

Methods:
Echo-naive nonattending anesthesia physicians were offered Web-based echo didactics and biweekly hands-on sessions with a TEE simulator for 4 weeks. Manual skills were assessed weekly with kinematic analysis of TEE probe motion and compared with that of experts. Simulator-acquired skills were assessed clinically with the performance of intraoperative TEE examinations after training. Data were presented as median (interquartile range).

Results:
The manual skills of 18 trainees were evaluated with kinematic analysis. Peak movements and path length were found to be independent predictors of proficiency (P < 0.01) by multiple regression analysis. Week 1 trainees had longer path length (637 mm [312 to 1,210]) than that of experts (349 mm [179 to 516]); P < 0.01. Week 1 trainees also had more peak movements (17 [9 to 29]) than that of experts (8 [2 to 12]); P < 0.01. Skills acquired from simulator training were assessed clinically with eight additional trainees during intraoperative TEE examinations. Compared with the experts, novice trainees required more time (199 s [193 to 208] vs. 87 s [83 to 16]; P = 0.002) and performed more transitions throughout the examination (43 [36 to 53] vs. 21 [20 to 23]; P = 0.004).

Conclusions:
A simulation-based TEE curriculum can teach knowledge and technical skills to echo-naive learners. Kinematic measures can objectively evaluate the progression of manual TEE skills.
Potential Role of IGF‐1 z Score to Predict Permanent Linear Growth Impairment in Children With IBD
Authors: Lee Jessica J. , Mitchell Paul D. , Hood Helen C. , Grand Richard J. , Cohen Laurie E. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTIn this pilot study, we analyzed serum insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1)‐ and IGF‐binding protein‐3‐for‐age z scores from 54 inflammatory bowel disease children with no, temporary, or permanent growth impairment. Although our findings did not reach statistical significance, patients with permanent linear growth impairment had lower IGF‐1‐for‐age z scores (−1.76 [−2.25 to −0.43]) compared with those with no or temporary growth impairment (−0.84 [−1.49 to −0.3]) and −1.16 [−1.59 to −1.51], respectively). IGF‐binding protein‐3 levels were similar across the 3 groups. In the absence of significant inflammation and malnutrition, lower IGF‐1‐for‐age z scores may help distinguish patients likely to have permanent growth impairment from those whose growth impairment is likely to be temporary.
Plausibility and probability in scenario planning
Authors: Ramírez Rafael , Selin Cynthia 
Published: March 2014

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to explore extant distinctions between plausibility and probability in scenario planning and re-frame the either/or stance in the literature within a broader set of methodological choice possibilities.Design/methodology/approach–The paper surveys the history of both terms in both the English language and more narrowly within scenario planning, critically assessing the confusions that have arisen. The paper questions the distinctions that have been made and offers a richer set of combinations to open up the methodological space available.Findings–The paper suggests that the either/or stances that have been dominant in the literature – and even shaped distinctions between different schools of scenario planning – must be surpassed by a richer set of combinations that open up new methodological approaches and possibilities.Research limitations/implications–This is a conceptual and exploratory paper. Therefore the findings are propositions and tentative.Practical implications–The paper opens up new ways of producing scenarios and may dissolve some of the infertile distinctions that have plagued the field to now.Originality/value–The paper dilutes distinctions that have been accepted for decades and opens up new possibilities in the scenarios field, which is growing and is now producing some 2,200 peer-reviewed articles/year in English alone as per the EBSCO database.
Computer-aided engineering analysis of tooth-bending fatigue-based failure in horizontal-axis wind-turbine gearboxes
Authors: Grujicic M. , Ramaswami S. , Snipes J.S. , Galgalikar R. , Chenna V. , Yavari R. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– Wind energy is one of the most promising and the fastest growing alternative-energy production technologies, which have been developed in response to stricter environmental regulations, the depletion of fossil-fuel reserves, and the world's ever-growing energy needs. This form of alternative energy is projected to provide 20 percent of the US energy needs by 2030. For economic reasons, wind turbines (articulated structures that convert wind energy into electrical energy) are expected to operate, with only regular maintenance, for at least 20 years. However, some key wind turbine components (especially the gearbox) tend to wear down, malfunction and fail in a significantly shorter time, often three to five years after installation, causing an increase in the wind-energy cost and in the cost of ownership of the wind turbine. Clearly, to overcome this problem, a significant increase in long-term gearbox reliability needs to be achieved.

Design/methodology/approach
– While purely empirical efforts aimed at identifying shortcomings in the current design of the gearboxes are of critical importance, the present work demonstrates that the use of advanced computational engineering analyses, like the finite-element stress analysis and a post-processing fatigue-life assessment analysis, can also be highly beneficial.

Findings
– The results obtained in the present work clearly revealed how a variety of normal operating and extreme wind-loading conditions can influence the service-life of a wind-turbine gearbox in the case when the service-life is controlled by the gear-tooth bending-fatigue.

Originality/value
– The present work attempts to make a contribution to the resolution of an important problem related to premature-failure and inferior reliability of wind-turbine gearboxes.