bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial predictors of four health‐promoting behaviors for cancer prevention using the stage of change of Transtheoretical Model
Authors: Choi Jean H. , Chung Kyong‐Mee , Park Keeho 
Published: April 2013

AbstractObjectivesThe present study aimed to examine whether demographic as well as psychosocial variables related to the five stages of change of the Transtheoretical Model can predict non‐clinical adults' cancer preventive and health‐promoting behaviors. This study specifically focused on cancer, one of the major chronic diseases, which is a serious threat of national health.MethodsA total of 1530 adults participated in the study and completed questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed by using multinominal logistic regression.ResultsThe significant predictors of later stages varied among the types of health‐promoting behaviors. Certain cancer preventive health‐promoting behaviors such as well‐balanced diet and exercise were significantly associated with psychosocial variables including cancer prevention‐related self‐efficacy, personality traits, psychosocial stress, and social support. On the other hand, smoking cessation and moderate or abstinence from drinking were more likely to be predicted by demographic variables including sex and age.ConclusionsThe present study found that in addition to self‐efficacy—a relatively well‐studied psychological variable—other personality traits and psychological factors including introversion, neuroticism, psychosocial stress, and social support also significantly predicted later stages of change with respect to cancer preventive health‐promoting behaviors. The implications of this study are also discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Couples facing advanced cancer: examination of an interdependent relational system
Authors: Lo Chris , Hales Sarah , Braun Michal , Rydall Anne C. , Zimmermann Camilla , Rodin Gary 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe relational impact of advanced cancer on both patients and spouse caregivers has rarely been examined simultaneously. This study describes a framework for understanding distress in each partner as a consequence of psychosocial characteristics, burden of disease or of caregiving, and the distress of the other person. A model focusing on the protective value of social relatedness was tested to illustrate the interdependence of patients and spouses in their mutual adaptation to disease.MethodsA total of 278 advanced cancer patients and their spouse caregivers completed measures of psychological distress (e.g., depression), physical burden from cancer (e.g., symptom count), caregiving burden (i.e., time and task demand), and social relatedness (i.e., social support and attachment security). Structural equation modeling was used to extract latent factors associated with these constructs and to examine their interrelationships.ResultsThe model fit was adequate. Patient distress was related to disease burden (standardized path coefficient = 0.52) and patient social relatedness (−0.32). Caregiver distress was related to caregiving burden (0.21) and caregiver social relatedness (−0.51). Caregiving burden was related to patient disease burden (0.43) and caregiver social relatedness (−0.37). Reciprocal pathways between patient and caregiver distress indicated that caregiver distress was influenced by patient distress (0.30) but not vice versa (0.12).ConclusionsThese findings support the view that patients and caregivers constitute an interdependent relational system and interventions in this setting should take into account both interactions between patients and caregivers and the nature of their social relatedness. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipase in aqueous‐polar organic solvents: Activity, structure, and stability
Authors: Kamal Md. Zahid , Yedavalli Poornima , Deshmukh Mandar V. , Rao Nalam Madhusudhana 
Published: April 2013

AbstractStudying alterations in biophysical and biochemical behavior of enzymes in the presence of organic solvents and the underlying cause(s) has important implications in biotechnology. We investigated the effects of aqueous solutions of polar organic solvents on ester hydrolytic activity, structure and stability of a lipase. Relative activity of the lipase monotonically decreased with increasing concentration of acetone, acetonitrile, and DMF but increased at lower concentrations (upto ∼20% v/v) of dimethylsulfoxide, isopropanol, and methanol. None of the organic solvents caused any appreciable structural change as evident from circular dichorism and NMR studies, thus do not support any significant role of enzyme denaturation in activity change. Change in 2D [15N, 1H]‐HSQC chemical shifts suggested that all the organic solvents preferentially localize to a hydrophobic patch in the active‐site vicinity and no chemical shift perturbation was observed for residues present in protein's core. This suggests that activity alteration might be directly linked to change in active site environment only. All organic solvents decreased the apparent binding of substrate to the enzyme (increased Km); however significantly enhanced the kcat. Melting temperature (Tm) of lipase, measured by circular dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry, altered in all solvents, albeit to a variable extent. Interestingly, although the effect of all organic solvents on various properties on lipase is qualitatively similar, our study suggest that magnitudes of effects do not appear to follow bulk solvent properties like polarity and the solvent effects are apparently dictated by specific and local interactions of solvent molecule(s) with the protein.
Clinical efficiency and reusability of the reciprocating nickel–titanium instruments according to the root canal anatomy
Authors: Park Sung‐Kyung , Kim Young‐Jae , Shon Won‐Jun , You Sung‐Yeop , Moon Young‐Mi , Kim Hyeon‐Cheol , Lee WooCheol 
Published: April 2013

SummaryThe application of the single‐file technique using the reciprocating motion is gaining concern in root canal preparation. The purpose of this research is to compare the efficiency of the reciprocating motion‐employing files (RECIPROC and WaveOne) by measuring the working time for complete canal shaping, and to evaluate their reusability under scanning examinations. One hundred curved root canals of the extracted molars were used. The working length was determined and the glide path was confirmed using a #15 K‐file. Canals shaping was completed to the length either with RECIPROC R25 file (n = 50), or with WaveOne Primary file (n = 50). The time taken for the file to reach the working length was also measured. Each file was repeatedly used in a maximum of 10 canals for comparing the change of the efficiency (shaping time) according to the working length, canal curvature, and number of file re‐use. The deformations or surface defects of the files after the in vitro use were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). There was no difference under the SEM between the 2 file groups with no initiation of micro‐cracks until they were re‐used up to 5 canals. WaveOne Primary file showed significantly shorter working time than RECIPROC R25 (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant correlation between the working time and three variables. As the working length and the curvature of the canal increased, the shaping time was increased in both file systems. Reusability of these reciprocating instruments might be maximum 5 canals with minimal surface deformations. SCANNING 36:246–251, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How developers perform feature location tasks: a human‐centric and process‐oriented exploratory study
Authors: Wang Jinshui , Peng Xin , Xing Zhenchang , Zhao Wenyun 
Published: April 2013

SUMMARYDevelopers often have to locate the parts of source code that contribute to a specific feature during software maintenance tasks. This activity, referred to as feature location in software engineering, is a human‐intensive and knowledge‐intensive process. Researchers have investigated (semi‐)automatic analysis‐based techniques to assist developers in such feature location activities. However, little work has been carried out on better understanding how developers perform feature location tasks. In this paper, we report an exploratory study of feature location process, consisting of three experiments in which developers were given unfamiliar systems and asked to complete six feature location tasks. Our study suggests that feature location process can be understood hierarchically at three levels of granularity: phase, pattern, and action. Furthermore, our statistical analysis shows that these feature location phases, patterns, and actions can be effectively imparted to junior developers and consequently improve their performance on feature location tasks. Our qualitative observations and interviews also suggest that external factors, for example, human factors, task properties, and in‐process feedbacks, affect the choices and usage of different feature location patterns and actions. Our results open up new opportunities to feature location research, which could lead to better tool support and more rigorous feature location process. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined analysis of correlated data when data cannot be pooled
Authors: Jones Elinor M. , Sheehan Nuala A. , Gaye Amadou , Laflamme Philippe , Burton Paul 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn genetic epidemiology studies, associations between individual genetic variants and phenotypes of interest are generally weak requiring large samples to estimate effects and to address complex statistical questions. Such sample sizes are often only achievable by pooling data from multiple studies; effects of interest can then be investigated through an individual‐level meta‐analysis (ILMA) on the pooled data, or by conducting a conventional study‐level meta‐analysis (SLMA). However, pooling individual‐level research data for an ILMA is not always possible, and researchers may be compelled to conduct an SLMA instead, restricting the sharing to non‐disclosing summary statistics. In certain settings, an individual‐level analysis can be conducted without pooling the data from the different studies. It has already been shown that when data are horizontally partitioned between studies, i.e. data are collected on the same variables in each study but any given study participant appears in one study only, it is possible to fit a generalised linear model in this way. In the present paper, we demonstrate that an individual‐level generalised estimating equations meta‐analysis can be achieved in an analogous manner. This extends the scope of ILMA without data pooling to problems involving correlated and clustered responses. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Supraventricular tachyarrhythmia in patients with Brugada syndrome: A single‐center study
Authors: Ohkubo Kimie , Watanabe Ichiro , Okumura Yasuo , Kofune Masayoshi , Nagashima Koichi , Mano Hiroaki , Sonoda Kazumasa , Nakai Toshiko , Kunimoto Satoshi , Kasamaki Yuji , Hirayama Atsushi , Sumitomo Naokata , Nakayama Tomohiro 
Published: April 2013

AbstractBackgroundBrugada syndrome is a distinct form of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. We retrospectively investigated the incidence and clinical implications of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia in patients with Brugada syndrome.MethodsWe reviewed 69 consecutive cases of Brugada syndrome, 11 of which had a history of syncope.ResultsSeven patients (10.1%) had clinically documented supraventricular tachyarrhythmia: 3 patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia, 2 with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, and 2 with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The prevalence of a spontaneous type 1 Brugada electrocardiogram and symptoms (history of syncope, presyncope, documented ventricular tachyarrhythmia, or aborted sudden cardiac death) were significantly higher, and QRS duration was significantly longer in patients without than in those with supraventricular tachyarrhythmia. The PR and AH intervals were also longer in patients without than in those with supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, but the differences were not statistically significant.ConclusionThe arrhythmogenic substrate in Brugada syndrome may not be restricted to the ventricles. Palpitations in patients with this syndrome should raise the question of supraventricular tachyarrhythmia. Conversely, in patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and aborted sudden cardiac death or syncope not related to supraventricular tachyarrhythmia, Brugada syndrome should be considered a possible additional electrophysiologic abnormality.
Intravenous pacemaker lead implantation for a pediatric patient: A 16‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Nakamoto Susumu , Fujii Kosuke , Nishino Takako , Satus Takuma , Ogawa Tatsuya , Kaneda Toshio , Saga Toshihiko 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIntravenous pacemaker lead implantation for small children is not performed routinely. Here, we report the case of a pediatric patient who underwent endocardial lead implantation and follow‐up for 16 years. The patient was a 4‐year‐old boy who underwent total correction of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect following several palliative operations. After the patient underwent total correction, atrial flutter was noted. Atrial flutter was successfully terminated by overdrive pacing. However, atrial flutter occurred again immediately after overdrive pacing. To treat atrial flutter caused by sick sinus syndrome, a screw‐in type lead was attached to the free wall of the right atrium and an excess loop was left to allow for the patient's growth. During the 16‐year follow‐up, no adverse effects were observed except for a gradual increase in pacing threshold. The selection of a small‐sized endocardial lead and an appropriate entry vein, with meticulous management of the leads, makes implantation of an endocardial lead for small children easier and safer.
New gravity–capillary waves at low speeds. Part 1. Linear geometries
Authors: Trinh Philippe H. , Jonathan Chapman S. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWhen traditional linearized theory is used to study gravity–capillary waves produced by flow past an obstruction, the geometry of the object is assumed to be small in one or several of its dimensions. In order to preserve the nonlinear nature of the obstruction, asymptotic expansions in the low-Froude-number or low-Bond-number limits can be derived, but here, the solutions invariably predict a waveless surface at every order. This is because the waves are in fact, exponentially small, and thus beyond-all-orders of regular asymptotics; their formation is a consequence of the divergence of the asymptotic series and the associated Stokes Phenomenon. By applying techniques in exponential asymptotics to this problem, we have discovered the existence of new classes of gravity–capillary waves, from which the usual linear solutions form but a special case. In this paper, we present the initial theory for deriving these waves through a study of gravity–capillary flow over a linearized step. This will be done using two approaches: in the first, we derive the surface waves using the standard method of Fourier transforms; in the second, we derive the same result using exponential asymptotics. Ultimately, these two methods give the same result, but conceptually, they offer different insights into the study of the low-Froude-number, low-Bond-number problem.
The wave instability pathway to turbulence
Authors: Sutherland Bruce R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOne way that large-scale oceanic internal waves transfer their energy to small-scale mixing is through parametric subharmonic instability (PSI). But there is a disconnect between theory, which assumes the waves are periodic in space and time, and reality, in which waves are transient and localized. The innovative laboratory experiments and analysis techniques of Bourget et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 723, 2013, pp. 1–20) show that theory can be applied to interpret the generation of subharmonic disturbances from a quasi-monochromatic wave beam. Their methodology and results open up new avenues of investigation into PSI through experiments, simulations and observations.
The influence of dielectric decrement on electrokinetics
Authors: Zhao Hui , Zhai Shengjie 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe treat the dielectric decrement induced by excess ion polarization as a source of ion specificity and explore its impact on electrokinetics. We employ a modified Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) model accounting for the dielectric decrement. The dielectric decrement is determined by the excess-ion-polarization parameter $\alpha $ and when $\alpha = 0$ the standard PNP model is recovered. Our model shows that ions saturate at large zeta potentials $(\zeta )$. Because of ion saturation, a condensed counterion layer forms adjacent to the charged surface, introducing a new length scale, the thickness of the condensed layer $({l}_{c} )$. For the electro-osmotic mobility, the dielectric decrement weakens the electro-osmotic flow owing to the decrease of the dielectric permittivity. At large $\zeta $, when $\alpha \not = 0$, the electro-osmotic mobility is found to be proportional to $\zeta / 2$, in contrast to $\zeta $ as predicted by the standard PNP model. This is attributed to ion saturation at large $\zeta $. In terms of the electrophoretic mobility ${M}_{e} $, we carry out both an asymptotic analysis in the thin-double-layer limit and solve the full modified PNP model to compute ${M}_{e} $. Our analysis reveals that the impact of the dielectric decrement is intriguing. At small and moderate $\zeta ~({\lt }6kT/ e)$, the dielectric decrement decreases ${M}_{e} $ with increasing $\alpha $. At large $\zeta $, it is known that the surface conduction becomes significant and plays an important role in determining ${M}_{e} $. It is observed that the dielectric decrement effectively reduces the surface conduction. Hence in stark contrast, ${M}_{e} $ increases as $\alpha $ increases. Our predictions of the contrast dependence of the mobility on $\alpha $ at different zeta potentials qualitatively agree with experimental results on the dependence of the mobility among ions and provide a possible explanation for such ion specificity. Finally, the comparisons between the thin-double-layer asymptotic analysis and the full simulations of the modified PNP model suggest that at large $\zeta $ the validity of the thin-double-layer approximation is determined by ${l}_{c} $ rather than the traditional Debye length.
Water entry of a flat elastic plate at high horizontal speed
Authors: Reinhard M. , Korobkin A. A. , Cooker M. J. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe two-dimensional problem of an elastic-plate impact onto an undisturbed surface of water of infinite depth is analysed. The plate is forced to move with a constant horizontal velocity component which is much larger than the vertical velocity component of penetration. The small angle of attack of the plate and its vertical velocity vary in time, and are determined as part of the solution, together with the elastic deflection of the plate and the hydrodynamic loads within the potential flow theory. The boundary conditions on the free surface and on the wetted part of the plate are linearized and imposed on the initial equilibrium position of the liquid surface. The wetted part of the plate depends on the plate motion and its elastic deflection. To determine the length of the wetted part we assume that the spray jet in front of the advancing plate is negligible. A smooth separation of the free-surface flow from the trailing edge is imposed. The wake behind the moving body is included in the model. The plate deflection is governed by Euler’s beam equation, subject to free–free boundary conditions. Four different regimes of plate motion are distinguished depending on the impact conditions: (a) the plate becomes fully wetted; (b) the leading edge of the plate touches the water surface and traps an air cavity; (c) the free surface at the forward contact point starts to separate from the plate; (d) the plate exits the water. We could not detect any impact conditions which lead to steady planing of the free plate after the impact. It is shown that a large part of the total energy in the fluid–plate interaction leaves the main bulk of the liquid with the spray jet. It is demonstrated that the flexibility of the plate may increase the hydrodynamic loads acting on it. The impact loads can cause large bending stresses, which may exceed the yield stress of the plate material. The elastic vibrations of the plate are shown to have a significant effect on the fluid flow in the wake.
Reduced-order unsteady aerodynamic models at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Brunton Steven L. , Rowley Clarence W. , Williams David R. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractIn this paper we develop reduced-order models for the unsteady lift on a pitching and plunging aerofoil over a range of angles of attack. In particular, we analyse the pitching and plunging dynamics for two cases: a two-dimensional flat plate at$\mathit{Re}= 100$using high-fidelity direct numerical simulations and a three-dimensional NACA 0006 aerofoil at$\mathit{Re}= 65\hspace{0.167em} 000$using wind-tunnel measurements. Models are obtained at various angles of attack and they are verified against measurements using frequency response plots and large-amplitude manoeuvres. These models provide a low-dimensional balanced representation of the relevant unsteady fluid dynamics. In simulations, flow structures are visualized using finite-time Lyapunov exponents. A number of phenomenological trends are observed, both in the data and in the models. As the base angle of attack increases, the boundary layer begins to separate, resulting in a decreased quasi-steady lift coefficient slope and a delayed relaxation to steady state at low frequencies. This extends the low-frequency range of motions that excite unsteady effects, meaning that the quasi-steady approximation is not valid until lower frequencies than are predicted by Theodorsen’s classical inviscid model. In addition, at small angles of attack, the lift coefficient rises to the steady-state value after a step in angle, while at larger angles of attack, the lift coefficient relaxes down to the steady-state after an initially high lift state. Flow visualization indicates that this coincides with the formation and convection of vortices at the leading edge and trailing edge. As the angle of attack approaches the critical angle for vortex shedding, the poles and zeros of the model approach the imaginary axis in the complex plane, and some zeros cross into the right half plane. This has significant implications for active flow control, which are discussed. These trends are observed in both simulations and wind-tunnel data.