bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction in hydroxymethylfurfural content in ‘churros’, a Spanish fried dough, by vacuum frying
Authors: Mir‐Bel Jorge , Oria Rosa , Salvador María L. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThis work explores the advantages of vacuum frying of ‘churros’, a Spanish dough pastry, compared to standard deep‐fat frying. Oil uptake, texture change, colour development, nonenzymatic browning and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) concentration were analysed at different frying conditions. The results obtained during vacuum frying at 100, 120 and 140 °C and 21 kPa were compared with those obtained at atmospheric pressure at 140 and 180 °C. For the same final water content, the vacuum fried ‘churros’ showed no significant differences in the fat uptake compared to those fried at atmospheric pressure (P > 0.05). However, the vacuum fried dough had a much crunchier texture. The evolution of the CIELab a* coordinate and the browning measurement at 280 nm show that vacuum frying is able to slow down the development of browning tones. Furthermore, products can be obtained with an HMF content <1 mg kg−1 of dry dough.
The effect of high hydrostatic pressure processing on the extraction, retention and stability of anthocyanins and flavonols contents of berry fruits and berry juices
Authors: Altuner Ergin Murat , Tokuşoğlu Özlem 
Published: May 2013

SummaryAnthocyanins and flavonols are types of phenolic compounds. Previous researches showed that phenolic compounds are relevant to the quality of plant‐derived foods and beverages. Any food‐processing technologies, which can preserve phenolic compounds after processing, should be taken into account for increasing the food quality. High hydrostatic pressure processing (HHPP) is a novel nonthermal process. There are some researches about the effect of HHPP on total phenolic content, total monomeric anthocyanins, kaempferol, myricetin and quercetin contents of berry fruits and berry juices in the literature. These studies showed that HHPP could possibly have a success potential in increasing the extraction, retention and stability of anthocyanins and flavonols contents of berry fruits and berry juices by preserving phenolic compounds after food processing. The aim of this review is to put forward how high hydrostatic pressure processing affects extraction, retention and stability of anthocyanins and flavonols of berry fruits and juices.
Differential diagnosis of myelofibrosis based on WHO 2008 criteria: Acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis, acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with myelofibrosis, primary myelofibrosis and myelodysplastic syndrome with myelofibrosis
Authors: Bae E. , Park C.‐J. , Cho Y.‐U. , Seo E.‐J. , Chi H.‐S. , Jang S. , Lee K.‐H. , Lee J.‐H. , Lee J.‐H. , Suh J.‐J. , IM H.‐J. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryIntroductionThe aim of this study was to characterize clinicopathological features of acute panmyelosis with myelofibrosis (APMF), acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with myelofibrosis (AMKL‐MF), primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and myelodysplastic syndrome with myelofibrosis (MDS‐MF) in order to provide the keys to the differential diagnosis of bone marrow (BM) fibrosis.MethodsWe compared age, gender, splenomegaly, serum lactate dehydrogenase level, blood cell counts, blast counts in peripheral blood (PB) and BM, megakaryocyte counts, BM cellularity, dysplasia, and the karyotypes of patients with APMF (n = 6), AMKL‐MF (n = 7), PMF (n = 44), and MDS‐MF (n = 44).ResultsAPMF showed hyperplasia of all three lineages, increase in megakaryocyte count with dysplasia and frequent abnormal karyotypes. AMKL‐MF was associated with elevated BM blast counts, decreased BM megakaryocyte count with rare megakaryocytic dysplasia and chromosome 21 abnormality. PMF patients displayed splenomegaly, rare blasts in PB/BM, and JAK2 V617F mutation. MDS‐MF patients showed pancytopenia, dysplasia in all three lineages and recurrent chromosomal abnormalities involving chromosome 5,7,12, and 17.ConclusionsAlthough differential diagnosis among APMF, AMKL‐MF, PMF, and MDS‐MF is very challenging due to the overlapping clinical and morphological features, meticulous investigation of the patient with respect to splenomegaly, blood cell count, PB and BM findings, and karyotype will serve as a guide to correct diagnosis.
Aortic Stiffness and Plasma Brain Natriuretic Peptide Predicts Mortality in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Biteker Murat , Özden Temel , Dayan Akin , Tekkeşin Ahmet Ilker , Misirli Cemile Handan 
Published: May 2013

Background The study aimed to evaluate the prognostic role and discriminative power of aortic stiffness and plasma brain natriuretic peptide levels in a cohort of patients hospitalized for acute ischemic stroke. Methods and Results Three hundred and ten consecutive patients aged 50 years and older with a first episode of acute ischemic stroke were prospectively evaluated. All patients were admitted to the hospital within 24 h of the onset of stroke symptoms. The type of acute ischemic stroke was classified according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification. Blood samples were taken for measurement of brain natriuretic peptide levels at admission. Aortic stiffness indices, aortic strain and distensibility, were calculated from the aortic diameters measured by transthoracic echocardiography. The patients were followed for one-year or until death, whichever came first. Death occurred in 51 (16·5%) patients. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >13, diabetes, brain natriuretic peptide >235 pg/mL, aortic distensibility, and aortic strain were associated with all-cause mortality. The optimal cutoff level of brain natriuretic peptide to distinguish the deceased group from the survival group was 235 pg/mL (sensitivity 71·0% and specificity 63·0%) and to distinguish cardioembolic stroke from noncardioembolic stroke was 155 pg/mL (sensitivity 81% and specificity 63%). Conclusions Aortic stiffness and brain natriuretic peptide predict mortality in patients with first-ever acute ischemic stroke. Brain natriuretic peptide also differentiates cardioembolic stroke from noncardioembolic stroke.
Effect of Addition of Clopidogrel to Aspirin on Stroke Incidence: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Palacio Santiago , Hart Robert G. , Pearce Lesly A. , Anderson David C. , Sharma Mukul , Birnbaum Lee A. , Benavente Oscar R. 
Published: May 2013

Background It remains controversial whether dual antiplatelet therapy reduces stroke more than aspirin alone. Aim We aimed to assess the effects of adding clopidogrel to aspirin on the occurrence of stroke and major haemorrhage in patients with vascular disease. Methods Meta-analysis of published randomized trials comparing the combination of clopidogrel and aspirin vs. aspirin alone that reported stroke and major bleeding. Results Thirteen randomized trials were included with a total of 90 433 participants (mean age 63 years; 63% male) with a mean follow-up of 1·0 years and 2011 strokes. Stroke was reduced 19% by dual antiplatelet therapy (odds ratio = 0·81, 95% confidence interval 0·74–0·89) with no evidence of heterogeneity of effect across different trial populations (I2 index = 5%, P = 0·4 for heterogeneity). Dual antiplatelet therapy reduced ischemic stroke by 23% (odds ratio = 0·77; 95% confidence interval 0·70–0·85); there was a nonsignificant 12% increase in intracerebral haemorrhage (odds ratio = 1·12, 95% confidence interval 0·86–1·46). Among 1930 participants with recent (<30 days) brain ischemia from four trials, stroke was reduced by 33% (odds ratio = 0·67, 95% confidence interval 0·46–0·97) by dual antiplatelet therapy vs. aspirin alone. The risk of major bleeding was increased by 40% (odds ratio = 1·40, 95% confidence interval 1·26–1·55) by dual antiplatelet therapy. Conclusions This meta-analysis demonstrates a substantial relative risk reduction in stroke by clopidogrel plus aspirin vs. aspirin alone that is consistent across different trial cohorts. Major haemorrhage is increased by dual antiplatelet therapy.
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) in Stroke 2 (PAIS 2): Protocol for a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial to Assess the Effect of High-Dose Paracetamol on Functional Outcome in Patients with Acute Stroke and a Body Temperature of 36·5°C or above
Authors: de Ridder Inger R. , de Jong Frank Jan , den Hertog Heleen M. , Lingsma Hester F. , van Gemert H. Maarten A. , Schreuder A. H. C. M. L. (Tobien) , Ruitenberg Annemieke , Maasland E. (Lisette) , Saxena Ritu , Oomes Peter , van Tuijl Jordie , Koudstaal Peter J. , Kappelle L. Jaap , Algra Ale , van der Worp H. Bart , Dippel Diederik W. J. 
Published: May 2013

Rationale In the first hours after stroke onset, subfebrile temperatures and fever have been associated with poor functional outcome. In the first Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) in Stroke trial, a randomized clinical trial of 1400 patients with acute stroke, patients who were treated with high-dose paracetamol showed more improvement on the modified Rankin Scale at three-months than patients treated with placebo, but this difference was not statistically significant. In the 661 patients with a baseline body temperature of 37·0°C or above, treatment with paracetamol increased the odds of functional improvement (odds ratio 1·43; 95% confidence interval: 1·02–1·97). This relation was also found in the patients with a body temperature of 36·5°C or higher (odds ratio 1·31; 95% confidence interval 1·01–1·68). These findings need confirmation. Aim The study aims to assess the effect of high-dose paracetamol in patients with acute stroke and a body temperature of 36·5°C or above on functional outcome. Design The Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) In Stroke 2 trial is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. We use a power of 85% to detect a significant difference in the scores on the modified Rankin Scale of the paracetamol group compared with the placebo group at a level of significance of 0·05 and assume a treatment effect of 7%. Fifteen-hundred patients with acute ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage and a body temperature of 36·5°C or above will be included within 12 h of symptom onset. Patients will be treated with paracetamol in a daily dose of six-grams or matching placebo for three consecutive days. The Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) In Stroke 2 trial has been registered as NTR2365 in The Netherlands Trial Register. Study outcomes The primary outcome will be improvement on the modified Rankin Scale at three-months as analyzed by ordinal logistic regression. Discussion If high-dose paracetamol will be proven effective, a simple, safe, and extremely cheap therapy will be available for many patients with acute stroke worldwide.
HIMALAIA (Hypertension Induction in the Management of AneurysmaL subArachnoid Haemorrhage with Secondary IschaemiA): A Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Trial of Induced Hypertension vs. no Induced Hypertension in the Treatment of Delayed Cerebral Ischemia after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Gathier C. S. , van den Bergh W. M. , Slooter A. J. C. ,   for the HIMALAIA-Study Group
Published: May 2013

Rationale Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a major complication after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). One option to treat delayed cerebral ischemia is to use induced hypertension, but its efficacy on the eventual outcome has not been proven in a randomized clinical trial. This article describes the design of the HIMALAIA trial (Hypertension Induction in the Management of AneurysmaL subArachnoid haemorrhage with secondary IschaemiA), designed to assess the effectiveness of induced hypertension on neurological outcome in patients with DCI after SAH. Aims To investigate whether induced hypertension improves the functional outcome in patients with delayed cerebral ischemia after SAH. Design The HIMALAIA trial is a multicenter, singe-blinded, randomized controlled trial in patients with DCI after a recent SAH. Eligible patients will be randomized to either induced hypertension ( n = 120) or to no induced hypertension ( n = 120). In selected centers, the efficacy of induced hypertension in augmenting cerebral blood flow will be measured by means of cerebral perfusion computerized tomography scanning. Follow-up assessments will be performed at 3 and 12 months after randomization by trial nurses who are blinded to the treatment allocation and management. We will include patients during five years. Study outcomes The primary outcome is the proportion of subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with delayed cerebral ischemia with poor outcome three-months after randomization, defined as a modified Rankin scale of more than 3. Secondary outcome measures are related to treatment failure, functional outcome, adverse events, and cerebral hemodynamics. The HIMALAIA trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov under identifier NCT01613235.
Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke in South Africa
Authors: Bryer Alan , Wasserman Sean 
Published: May 2013

Background Stroke is an important cause of death and disability in sub-Saharan Africa. Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only effective therapy for acute ischaemic stroke. Essential requirements for stroke thrombolysis include availability of CT scanning and arrival at hospital within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. However, in developing countries where the prerequisites are met at certain centres, the efficacy and safety of thrombolysis have not been firmly established. Aims We aimed to evaluate the early outcomes and safety of stroke thrombolysis in a South African setting. Method We conducted a prospective observational study of all stroke patients receiving tPA for thrombolysis over the period January 2000 to February 2011. The primary outcome measure was the proportion of patients achieving significant early neurological recovery defined as an improvement of four or more points on the NIHSS score at discharge. The safety endpoint was the rate of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (SICH) and death. Results Forty-two patients received thrombolysis over the study period. Sixty-seven percent achieved significant neurological improvement. The majority of patients (53.8%) were discharged home, and by the time of discharge 17 (40.5%) were functionally independent. SICH occurred in 2 (4.8%) patients with an overall mortality rate of 7.1%. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the use of thrombolysis in routine clinical practice in a South African setting has similar safety and early efficacy outcomes to developed and other developing countries.
A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Evaluation of Multistem for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Hess David C. , Sila Cathy A. , Furlan Anthony J. , Wechsler Larry R. , Switzer Jeffrey A. , Mays Robert W. 
Published: May 2013

Background There is growing interest in neurorestorative and reparative therapies after acute stroke. MultiStem® is an allogeneic cell therapy treatment comprising a population of multipotent adherent bone marrow cells that has shown safety in clinical trials of myocardial infarction and graft vs. host disease, as well as preclinical evidence of activity in stroke and other neurological damage models. MultiStem is now being evaluated in a clinical trial in patients that have suffered an ischemic stroke, in which the product is administered intravenously 24–36 h after the ischemic event. Methods The Phase 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter dose-escalation trial will consist of three treatment cohorts, including a placebo group, and two treatment groups involving dose tiers of either 400 million or 1200 million cells per patient. Patients will be treated at 24–36 h after stroke. The two primary objectives are to determine the highest well-tolerated and safe single dose of MultiStem up to a maximum of 1200 million total cells in subjects with ischemic stroke and to determine the efficacy of MultiStem on functional outcome in subjects with stroke as measured by the modified Rankin Scale at 90 days. Patients will also be evaluated using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and Barthel Index. The study will explore other aspects including, uniquely, the measurement of spleen size after stroke by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography imaging. Conclusions and future direction If MultiStem is safe and there is a signal of efficacy, a late stage phase IIb-III trial is planned.
Recent advances in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Abe Hideyuki , Kamai Takao 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn the past 5 years, the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma has changed dramatically from being largely cytokine‐based with the emergence of targeted therapy. Following the elucidation of various molecular pathways in renal cell carcinoma, targeted agents (particularly vascular endothelial growth factor‐targeting antiangiogenic agents) now form the backbone of most therapeutic strategies for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and the outcome of treatment has improved. However, many tumors eventually develop resistance to targeted therapy due to secondary mutation of the target protein or compensatory changes within the target pathway that bypass the site of inhibition. On the other hand, there are new forms of immunotherapy that hold the promise of improving the outcome for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. In this article, we describe some of these new therapies, including the anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody bevacizumab, several receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sorafenib, sunitinib, pazopanib, axitinib, and tivozanib), the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors temsirolimus and everolimus, and new immunotherapy modalities, such as anti‐cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated antigen 4 antibody and anti‐programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death‐ligand 1 antibody. We also discuss their role in the current management of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
Robot‐assisted laparoscopic renal artery aneurysm repair with selective arterial clamping
Authors: Samarasekera Dinesh , Autorino Riccardo , Khalifeh Ali , Kaouk Jihad H 
Published: May 2013

AbstractRenal artery aneurysms represent a rare clinical entity, and most are managed with endovascular techniques when treatment is indicated. Laparoscopic and robot‐assisted repair of renal artery aneurysms has been described; however, few reports exist in the literature. We describe our experience with the surgical management of a 1.6‐cm right‐sided renal artery aneurysms in a 35‐year‐old man who presented with flank pain. Using the DaVinci Si surgical platform (Intuitive, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), the aneurysm was resected and the renal artery was reconstructed. Segmental branches of the renal artery were dissected and selectively clamped during resection, allowing for regional rather than global renal ischemia. Operative time was 240 min, with an estimated blood loss of 200 cc. Warm ischemia time was only regional, for a duration of 44 min. Follow‐up functional analysis showed preserved renal function in the right kidney. We describe our technique and show the technical feasibility of robot‐assisted renal artery aneurysm repair. Furthermore, use of the DaVinci Si system facilitates segmental artery dissection, and allows for selective clamping during reconstruction. This avoids global renal ischemia and optimizes functional preservation.
In Duobus Modis: Is Exemplar Causality Instrumental According to Aquinas?
Authors: Meinert John 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn speaking of the divine ideas or God's creative act in general, Aquinas's favorite analogy is that of the artist. Hence, understanding the finite artisan, especially in the way his idea functions as an exemplar, is key to understanding the mentem Thomae on a whole host of issues most especially exemplar causality. This paper asks a question seeking specificity on the causality of the artist's idea and thereby exemplar causality in general. Is an exemplar cause in its primary instance (the idea) an instrument? Does an exemplar idea always cause in an instrumental mode? This paper, after delineating exemplar and instrumental causality separately, argues the affirmative. All ideas which function as exemplars also necessarily function as instruments, the objections of mediation, temporality, the relation of intellect/will, and efficient causality notwithstanding. In concluding the paper identifies three possible implications for this finding including a slight qualification of Aquinas's mature rejection of instrumental creation.
Osteocalcin is not a strong determinant of serum testosterone and sperm count in men from infertile couples
Authors: Schwetz V. , Gumpold R. , Graupp M. , Hacker N. , Schweighofer N. , Trummer O. , Pieber T. R. , Ballon M. , Lerchbaum E. , Obermayer‐Pietsch B. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryOsteocalcin (OC) – released by osteoblasts and known as a marker of bone turnover – has been suggested to influence male fertility in murine models by enhancing testosterone production and sperm count. Results from clinical studies are scarce, however. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate the proposed association of OC, undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) or carboxylated osteocalcin (cOC) with testosterone and sperm count in a cohort of 159 young male adults from infertile couples. Semen analysis was performed. Testosterone, free testosterone, LH, OC and ucOC were measured in serum samples after an overnight fast. cOC and OC correlated weakly but significantly with testosterone (OC: r = 0.165, p = 0.040, cOC: r = 0.193, p = 0.017), but not after adjusting for age and body mass index (BMI) or waist–hip ratio (WHR). %ucOC (ucOC levels expressed as percentage of total OC) correlated inversely with LH (r = −0.184, p = 0.023) and remained significant after the same adjustment. No significant correlations were observed between OC, cOC, ucOC, %ucOC and sperm count, semen volume and number of vital spermatozoa. In binary logistic regression analyses, none of the parameters of OC were predictors of oligozoospermia after adjusting for age and BMI or WHR. The weak association between %ucOC and LH has marginal clinical importance because of the lack of associations of parameters of OC with testosterone and sperm count. The current data thus cannot support the notion that OC is associated with male fertility in young men from infertile couples.
A Multirelational Account of Toleration
Authors: Ferretti Maria Paola , Lægaard Sune 
Published: May 2013

AbstractToleration classically denotes a relation between two agents that is characterised by three components: objection, power, and acceptance overriding the objection. Against recent claims that classical toleration is not applicable in liberal democracies and that toleration must therefore either be understood purely attitudinally or purely politically, we argue that the components of classical toleration are crucial elements of contemporary cases of minority accommodation. The concept of toleration is applicable to, and is an important element of descriptions of such cases, provided that one views them as wholes, rather than as sets of isolated relations. We explain this by showing how certain cases of toleration are multi‐dimensional and how the descriptive concept of toleration might be understood intersectionally. We exemplify this by drawing on case studies of mosque controversies in Germany and Denmark. Finally, we propose that intersectionality is not only relevant to the descriptive concept of toleration but also captures an important aspect of normative theories of toleration. We illustrate this by discussing ideals of respect‐based toleration, which we also apply to the case studies.