bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of pelvic floor muscle functional parameters and their correlations with urinary incontinence in men after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Zachovajevienė Brigita , Šiupšinskas Laimonas , Zachovajevas Pavelas , Milonas Daimantas 
Published: September 2015

AimsTo evaluate the dynamics of pelvic floor muscle strength, endurance, and urinary incontinence in a 6‐month period in men after radical prostatectomy and to determine correlations between pelvic floor muscle strength, endurance, and urinary incontinence.MethodsForty‐two men with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy participated in the study. Pelvic floor muscles parameters were evaluated using the anal perineometer. An 8‐hour pad test was used with the catheter removed.ResultsThe greatest change in strength occurred during the last 3 months, i.e., from the third to the sixth month following surgery (P ≤ 0.05). The average amount of urinary incontinence on the day of catheter removal was approximately 311 g per 8 hr. Urinary incontinence decreased by 93.6% from the day of catheter removal 6 months later. A strong correlation (P ≤ 0.001) of reverse dependence was determined between pelvic floor muscle strength before surgery and the amount of urinary incontinence 6 months following surgery.ConclusionThe greatest change of pelvic floor muscles strength and endurance occurred during the third to the sixth month following surgery. The greatest change in urinary incontinence occurred during the first month following surgery. Pelvic floor muscle strength causes a greater decrease in urinary incontinence than endurance. The greater the pelvic floor muscle strength before surgery, the lower the amount of urinary incontinence. Age also affects pelvic floor muscle strength and endurance; this relation gradually weakens and with age disappears. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:126–131, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Projection‐based model reduction for contact problems
Authors: Balajewicz Maciej , Amsallem David , Farhat Charbel 
Published: September 2015

SummaryTo be feasible for computationally intensive applications such as parametric studies, optimization, and control design, large‐scale finite element analysis requires model order reduction. This is particularly true in nonlinear settings that tend to dramatically increase computational complexity. Although significant progress has been achieved in the development of computational approaches for the reduction of nonlinear computational mechanics models, addressing the issue of contact remains a major hurdle. To this effect, this paper introduces a projection‐based model reduction approach for both static and dynamic contact problems. It features the application of a non‐negative matrix factorization scheme to the construction of a positive reduced‐order basis for the contact forces, and a greedy sampling algorithm coupled with an error indicator for achieving robustness with respect to model parameter variations. The proposed approach is successfully demonstrated for the reduction of several two‐dimensional, simple, but representative contact and self contact computational models. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The complexity of epigenetic diseases
Authors: Brazel Ailbhe Jane , Vernimmen Douglas 
Published: September 2015

AbstractOver the past 30 years, a plethora of pathogenic mutations affecting enhancer regions and epigenetic regulators have been identified. Coupled with more recent genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) and epigenome‐wide association studies (EWAS) implicating major roles for regulatory mutations in disease, it is clear that epigenetic mechanisms represent important biomarkers for disease development and perhaps even therapeutic targets. Here, we discuss the diversity of disease‐causing mutations in enhancers and epigenetic regulators, with a particular focus on cancer. © 2015 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
A typology of people who tamper with pharmaceutical opioids: responses to introduction of a tamper‐resistant formulation of controlled‐release oxycodone
Authors: Peacock Amy , Degenhardt Louisa , Larance Briony , Cama Elena , Lintzeris Nicholas , Ali Robert , Bruno Raimondo 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPurposeIn April 2014, a tamper‐resistant controlled‐release oxycodone formulation was released in Australia. We aimed to determine whether there are latent classes of people who tamper with pharmaceutical opioids based on frequency of opioid and illicit drug use, the demographic and clinical profiles of these groups, and if there were changes in use and harms following the introduction.MethodsA prospective cohort of 606 people who regularly tamper with pharmaceutical opioids was interviewed January to March 2014 (Wave 1) and May to August 2014 (Wave 2). Latent class analysis identified groups based on non‐prescribed opioid, illicit drug and prescribed opioid substitution therapy (OST) use at Wave 1. Regression models examined whether group membership predicted use and harms at Wave 2.ResultsFour groups were identified: frequent OST group (39%), mixed OST/heroin group (7%), infrequent pharmaceutical opioid and heroin group (44%) and frequent oxycodone group (25%). Compared with the frequent OST group, the infrequent pharmaceutical opioid/heroin group was more likely to report non‐everyday pain and risky alcohol use, and the frequent oxycodone group had higher odds of homelessness. At Wave 2, oxycodone use decreased across groups (odds ratios (OR) ≤ 0.18, p < 0.001, particularly for the frequent oxycodone group: OR ≤ 0.05, p < 0.001), with reductions in days of use (g ≥ 0.35, p < 0.050). Non‐prescribed pharmaceutical opioid use, illicit drug use and harms remained stable or decreased.ConclusionsDespite heterogeneity among people who tamper with pharmaceutical opioids, the tamper‐resistant formulation was followed by reductions in oxycodone tampering among high‐frequency and low‐frequency users. There was no evidence of increased use of other opioids or illicit drugs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hole‐buffer polymer composed of alternating p‐terphenyl and tetraethylene glycol ether moieties: Synthesis and application in polymer light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Chou Sheng‐Ying , Chen Yun 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTCarrier balance is essential to obtain efficient emission in polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs). A new polymer 3P5O composed of alternating p‐terphenyl and tetraethylene glycol ether segments is designed and synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction and successfully employed as hole‐buffer layer to improve carrier balance. Multilayer PLEDs [ITO/PEDOT:PSS/3P5O/SY/LiF/Al], with Super Yellow (SY) as the emitting layer and 3P5O as the hole‐buffer layer, reveal maximum luminance (17,050 cd/m2) and maximum current efficiency (6.6 cd/A) superior to that without the hole‐buffer layer (10,017 cd/m2, 3.0 cd/A). Moreover, it also shows better performance than that using conventional BCP as hole‐blocking layer [ITO/PEDOT:PSS/SY/BCP/LiF/Al (80 nm): 13,639 cd/m2, 4.1 cd/A]. The performance enhancement has been attributed to hole‐buffering characteristics of 3P5O that results in improved carrier recombination ratio and wider carrier recombination region. Current results indicate that the 3P5O is a promising hole‐buffer polymer to enhance the performance of optoelectronic devices. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 785–794
Multidisciplinary care of children with repaired esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula
Authors: DeBoer Emily M. , Prager Jeremy D. , Ruiz Amanda G. , Jensen Emily L. , Deterding Robin R. , Friedlander Joel A. , Soden Jason 
Published: September 2015

SummaryObjectivesChildren with congenital esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) require complex medical and surgical care, but few guidelines exist to guide the long term care of this population. The purpose of this study is to describe the findings and initial management of a comprehensive aerodigestive team in order to understand the ongoing needs of children with repaired TEF.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed on children with TEF who were seen in the multidisciplinary Aerodigestive Clinic at Children's Hospital Colorado. Diagnostic studies were ordered based on physician discretion.ResultsTwenty‐nine children with TEF were evaluated (mean age 3.8 years) between 2010 and 2014. All children had symptoms attributed to breathing, swallowing, and digestive difficulties. Less than half of the children had seen a pulmonary or gastrointestinal specialist in the past year. Tracheomalacia was diagnosed in all children who had a bronchoscopy (23/23), and the presence of dysphagia was correlated with severe tracheomalacia. 7/25 children who had a swallow study had aspiration. 7/25 children had a diagnosis of active reflux despite current management. Four patients were diagnosed with bronchiectasis as a result of the multidisciplinary evaluation.ConclusionAlthough all children had persistent aerodigestive symptoms, over 50% had not been seen by an appropriate subspecialist in the year prior to the clinic visit. The multidisciplinary evaluation resulted in new diagnoses of bronchiectasis and active reflux, which can both lead to long‐term morbidity and mortality. Children with TEF require evaluation by multiple subspecialists to manage not only current symptoms but also long term risks. Ongoing care should be guided by protocols based on known risks. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:576–581. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
New interpolation solution and application in system modeling and optimal control with prescribed distance to instability
Authors: Stefanovski Jovan D. 
Published: September 2015

SummaryWe present a system theoretic interpretation of a two‐sided interpolation problem with a stable rational matrix U (interpolant) without constraints on its norm. It is known that all solutions U of that problem can be expressed as U = Uh+Up, where Uh ranges in the set of all solutions of the associated homogeneous problem, and Up is a particular solution. We present a new solution for Up and prove that it is actually the minimal
‐norm interpolant in the set of all interpolants.We apply these results in system modeling and in optimal
control of one‐block plants, with a prescribed bound on the distance to instability of the closed‐loop system. The applications are illustrated by examples. Interesting connections to the augmented basic interpolation problem, to Nehari's problem, and to the stability of one‐block plants with multiple unstable invariant zeros are given. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncertainty of power curve measurement with a two‐beam nacelle‐mounted lidar
Authors: Wagner Rozenn , Courtney Michael Stephen , Pedersen Troels F. , Davoust Samuel 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNacelle lidars are attractive for offshore measurements since they can provide measurements of the free wind speed in front of the turbine rotor without erecting a met mast, which significantly reduces the cost of the measurements. Nacelle‐mounted pulsed lidars with two lines of sight (LOS) have already been demonstrated to be suitable for use in power performance measurements. To be considered as a professional tool, however, power curve measurements performed using these instruments require traceable calibrated measurements and the quantification of the wind speed measurement uncertainty. Here we present and demonstrate a procedure fulfilling these needs.A nacelle lidar went through a comprehensive calibration procedure. This calibration took place in two stages. First with the lidar on the ground, the tilt and roll readings of the inclinometers in the nacelle lidar were calibrated. Then the lidar was installed on a 9m high platform in order to calibrate the wind speed measurement. The lidar's radial wind speed measurement along each LOS was compared with the wind speed measured by a calibrated cup anemometer, projected along the LOS direction. The various sources of uncertainty in the lidar wind speed measurement have been thoroughly determined: uncertainty of the reference anemometer, the horizontal and vertical positioning of the beam, the lack of homogeneity of the flow within the probe volume, lidar measurement mean deviation and standard uncertainty. The resulting uncertainty lies between 1 and 2% for the wind speed range between cut‐in and rated wind speed.Finally, the lidar was mounted on the nacelle of a wind turbine in order to perform a power curve measurement. The wind speed was simultaneously measured with a mast‐top mounted cup anemometer placed two rotor diameters upwind of the turbine. The wind speed uncertainty related to the lidar tilting was calculated based on the tilt angle uncertainty derived from the inclinometer calibration and the deviation of the measurement height from hub height. The resulting combined uncertainty in the power curve using the nacelle lidar was less than 10% larger on average than that obtained with the mast mounted cup anemometer. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LeafArea: an R package for rapid digital image analysis of leaf area
Authors: Katabuchi Masatoshi 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMeasuring leaf area is essential to quantifying other leaf functional traits. This paper introduces a new R package, LeafArea, which allows one to conveniently run ImageJ (http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/) within R. The functions in this package analyze multiple scanned leaf images in the target directory, generate multiple output files containing the leaf area of each leaf image, and then process and combine these files into a single file in a format that is convenient for subsequent analyses. Leaf area data from multiple images from the same sample can be combined automatically. This function allows users to cut large leaves into several pieces during scanning. The package provides a user‐friendly, automated tool for measuring leaf area from scanned images.
Simultaneous progression patterns of scoliosis, pelvic obliquity, and hip subluxation/dislocation in non-ambulatory neuromuscular patients: An approach to deformity documentation
Authors: Patel Janki , Shapiro Frederic 
Published: September 2015

Background A triad of deformities—thoracolumbar scoliosis, pelvic obliquity, and femoral head (hip) subluxation/dislocation—occurs frequently in non-ambulatory neuromuscular patients, but their close inter-relationship is infrequently appreciated or quantified. We propose a deformity documentation approach to assess each component simultaneously. Methods The documentation assesses each component for maximal functional level, deformity, and flexibility/rigidity: deformity from antero-posterior radiographs (scoliosis—maximal functional position, pelvic obliquity—sitting, hip position—supine) and flexibility/rigidity from extent of repositioning on supine (spine, pelvis) and frog lateral (hip) radiographs. The approach was applied in 211 patients: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (110), spinal muscular atrophy (49), cerebral palsy (26), and other neuromuscular disorders (26). Results Measurement of 2124 radiological data points allowed for deformity (mild to moderate to severe) and flexibility/rigidity (fully reducible to partially to non-reducible) gradations for scoliosis, pelvic obliquity, and hip subluxation/dislocation. The charting documented: (1) numerical deformity and flexibility/rigidity changes [ x-axis: age; y-axis: angulation (scoliosis and pelvic obliquity) and percent coverage (hip subluxation or dislocation) from 0–120]; and (2) grade deformity and flexibility/rigidity changes [ x-axis: age; y-axis: deformity and flexibility/rigidity, following conversion of numerical measurements to a 1–5 grade scale]. In subgroups with the most extensive documentation, thoracolumbar and lumbar scoliosis extended into the sacrum with 98 % (114/116) accompanied by pelvic obliquity; and scoliosis developed more rapidly than hip deformity in 44 % (28/63), scoliosis and hip deformity developed at the same time in 40 % (25/63), and hip deformity developed more rapidly than scoliosis in 16 % (10/63) (Pearson's chi-squared test p = 0.0501, almost significant). Conclusion and significance Documentation of the triad of neuromuscular deformities is applicable to all diagnoses; it outlines maximal functional level, deformity, and flexibility/rigidity at each site; and it shows the relationship between spine, pelvic, and hip deformation. Prospective charting will enhance both clinical management and clinical research into neuromuscular deformity.
Fetal Thrombotic Vasculopathy
Authors: Marsden Lily , Comstock Jessica 
Published: September 2015

AbstractFetal thrombotic vasculopathy (FTV) is the term used to encompass the histologic findings identified in placentas with fetal thrombotic lesions: occlusive and nonocclusive chorionic vessel thrombi, avascular villi in the distribution of a single villous tree, intramural vascular fibrin, and hemorrhagic endovasculitis. The underlying etiology of FTV is largely unknown though hypercoagulability and circulatory stasis have been the main focuses in the literature to explain the hemostatic abnormalities. This article reviews the literature in both defining and discussing, potential etiologies of FTV, as well as neonatal outcomes.
Demographic and developmental differences in the content and sequence of adolescents' ideal romantic relationship behaviors
Authors: Choukas‐Bradley Sophia , Goldberg Shoshana K. , Widman Laura , Reese Bianka M. , Halpern Carolyn T. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTThis study utilizes data from 18,392 respondents (aged 12–19) in Wave 1 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to provide a detailed descriptive analysis of U.S. adolescents' desired behaviors in their ideal romantic relationships. Age, gender, and ethnic group differences in the desire for—and preferred sequence of—a set of activities that could occur in a hypothetical romantic relationship were explored within subsets of heterosexual (n = 17,274) and sexual minority adolescents (n = 1118). Non‐sexual behaviors were more commonly desired compared to sexual behaviors. The typical desired behavioral sequence was: holding hands, going out alone, telling others they were a couple, kissing, saying “I love you,” sexual touching, and finally having sex. Overall, more similarities than differences emerged across groups, with some notable differences in the percentages who desired sexual behaviors. Results provide a nuanced picture of adolescent relationship scripts, with implications for education and prevention.
A historic and scientific review of breast cancer: The next global healthcare challenge
Authors: Becker Sven 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBreast cancer is fast becoming the leading cause of oncologic morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Demographic changes in Asia, Southeast Asia, and South America will further accelerate this trend. Different specialties are involved in the treatment of breast cancer patients: gynecology, surgery, pathology, hematology/oncology, radiology, radiation oncology, and nuclear medicine. Optimal results are seen in countries providing standardized breast cancer care in certified breast centers. The present article provides an overview of current state‐of‐the‐art treatment strategies and explains the contributions of different specialties to optimal and individualized care for breast cancer patients. Breast cancer will be one of the most important health issues facing physicians involved with women's health and a basic understanding of current treatment objectives will be essential medical knowledge for everyone taking care of female patients.
Randomised controlled trial of the effect of long-term selenium supplementation on plasma cholesterol in an elderly Danish population
Authors: Cold Frederik , Winther Kristian H. , Pastor-Barriuso Roberto , Rayman Margaret P. , Guallar Eliseo , Nybo Mads , Griffin Bruce A. , Stranges Saverio , Cold Søren 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAlthough cross-sectional studies have shown a positive association between Se and cholesterol concentrations, a recent randomised controlled trial in 501 elderly UK individuals of relatively low-Se status found that Se supplementation for 6 months lowered total plasma cholesterol. The Danish PRECISE (PREvention of Cancer by Intervention with Selenium) pilot study (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT01819649) was a 5-year randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with four groups (allocation ratio 1:1:1:1). Men and women aged 60–74 years (n491) were randomised to 100 (n124), 200 (n122) or 300 (n119) μg Se-enriched yeast or matching placebo-yeast tablets (n126) daily for 5 years. A total of 468 participants continued the study for 6 months and 361 participants, equally distributed across treatment groups, continued for 5 years. Plasma samples were analysed for total and HDL-cholesterol and for total Se concentrations at baseline, 6 months and 5 years. The effect of different doses of Se supplementation on plasma lipid and Se concentrations was estimated by using linear mixed models. Plasma Se concentration increased significantly and dose-dependently in the intervention groups after 6 months and 5 years. Total cholesterol decreased significantly both in the intervention groups and in the placebo group after 6 months and 5 years, with small and nonsignificant differences in changes in plasma concentration of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and total:HDL-cholesterol ratio between intervention and placebo groups. The effect of long-term supplementation with Se on plasma cholesterol concentrations or its sub-fractions did not differ significantly from placebo in this elderly population.
Polynomial partitioning for a set of varieties
Authors: GUTH LARRY 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGiven a set Γ of low-degree k-dimensional varieties in$\mathbb{R}$n, we prove that for anyD⩾ 1, there is a non-zero polynomialPof degree at mostDso that each component of$\mathbb{R}$n\Z(P) intersectsO(Dk−n|Γ|) varieties of Γ.
Evidence supporting vertical transmission of Salmonella in dairy cattle
Authors: HANSON D. L. , LONERAGAN G. H. , BROWN T. R. , NISBET D. J. , HUME M. E. , EDRINGTON T. S. 
Published: September 2015

SUMMARYWe set out to investigate whether Salmonella enterica could be recovered from various tissues of viable neonatal calves immediately following parturition. Eleven samples were aseptically collected from each of 20 calves and consisted of both left and right subiliac and prescapular lymph nodes (LN), mesenteric LN, spleen and liver, as well as intestinal tissue (including luminal contents) from the small intestine, caecum, spiral colon and rectum. In addition, a faecal sample was collected from 19 of the dams. Salmonella was recovered from at least one sample from 10 of the 20 neonates. Across all calves, Salmonella was recovered from 12·7% of all samples and from LN in particular, Salmonella was recovered from 10·0%, 5·0%, and 5·0% of subiliac, prescapular, and mesenteric LN, respectively. Within calves, Salmonella was recovered from 0% to 73% of samples and across tissues, estimates of Salmonella prevalence were greatest in the caecum (30%) but was never recovered from the right pre-scapular LN. These data provide evidence of vertical transmission from a dam to her fetus such that viable calves are born already infected and thereby not requiring faecal–oral exposure for transmission. This new knowledge ought to challenge – or at least add to – existing paradigms of Salmonella transmission dynamics within cattle herds.