bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural characterization of wax esters using ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry
Authors: Kloudová Barbora , Vrkoslav Vladimír , Polášek Miroslav , Bosáková Zuzana , Cvačka Josef 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWax esters play critical roles in biological systems, serving functions from energy storage to chemical signaling. Their diversity is attributed to variations in alcohol and acyl chains, including their length, branching, and the stereochemistry of double bonds. Traditional analysis by mass spectrometry with collisional activations (CID, HCD) offers insights into acyl chain lengths and unsaturation level. Still, it falls short in pinpointing more nuanced structural features like the position of double bonds. As a solution, this study explores the application of 213-nm ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) for the detailed structural analysis of wax esters. It is shown that lithium adducts provide unique fragments as a result of Norrish and Norrish-Yang reactions at the ester moieties and photoinduced cleavages of double bonds. The product ions are useful for determining chain lengths and localizing double bonds. UVPD spectra of various wax esters are presented systematically, and the effect of activation time is discussed. The applicability of tandem mass spectrometry with UVPD is demonstrated for wax esters from natural sources. The UHPLC analysis of jojoba oil proves the compatibility of MS2 UVPD with the chromatography time scale, and a direct infusion is used to analyze wax esters from vernix caseosa. Data shows the potential of UVPD and its combination with CID or HCD in advancing our understanding of wax ester structures.
Graphical Abstract
Severe atypical iliac wing fracture associated with long-term bisphosphonate use
Authors: Kelliher John , Rahmani George , Carey John J. , Bergin Diane 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Bisphosphonate use is associated with atypical non-traumatic fractures, which are most commonly seen in the femur.

Case presentation
We report a 63-year-old postmenopausal woman who presented acutely with progressively worsening lumbar pain radiating to her left hip for 10 days. There was no antecedent trauma. On examination, the patient could not bear weight on her left leg due to the severity of the pain. Radiography and computed tomography of the pelvis demonstrated an iliac wing fracture which was treated conservatively. The patient had a significant past medical history of breast cancer and intense bisphosphonate use for several years which was discontinued 3 years previously. No discrete bone lesion was seen at the fracture site on computed tomography, and there was no evidence of metastatic disease elsewhere. A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan showed the lowest bone mineral density T-score of − 1.2. A diagnosis of an atypical fracture related to long-term bisphosphonate therapy was made.

Conclusion
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an isolated iliac wing fracture associated with long-term bisphosphonate therapy in the literature. Whilst the incidence of such fractures is exceedingly rare, it is an important differential in patients with atypical fractures on long-term bisphosphonates.
Neurosurgical management of Myelomeningocele in premature infants: a case series
Authors: Stewart Addison , Hale Andrew T. , Saccomano Benjamin W. , Barkley Ariana S. , Hopson Betsy D. , Arynchyna-Smith Anastasia , Johnston James M. , Rocque Brandon G. , Blount Jeffrey P. , Rozzelle Curtis J. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Myelomeningocele (MMC) is the most common neural tube defect, but rarely seen in premature infants. Most centers advocate for closure of MMC within 24 h of birth. However, this is not always possible in severely premature infants. Given the rarity of this patient population, we aimed to share our institutional experience and outcomes of severely premature infants with MMC.

Methods
We performed a retrospective, observational review of premature infants (≤ 32 weeks gestational age) identified through our multidisciplinary spina bifida clinic (1995–2021) and surgical logs. Descriptive statistics were compiled about this sample including timing of MMC closure and incidence of adverse events such as sepsis, CSF diversion, meningitis, and death.

Results
Eight patients were identified (50% male) with MMC who were born ≤ 32 weeks gestational age. Mean gestational age of the population was 27.3 weeks (SD 3.5). Median time to MMC closure was 1.5 days (IQR = 1—80.8). Five patients were taken for surgery within the recommended 48 h of birth; 2 patients underwent significantly delayed closure (107 and 139 days); and one patient’s defect epithelized without surgical intervention. Six of eight patients required permanent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion (2 patients were treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS), three were treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) with choroid plexus cauterization (CPC) and 1 patient treated with ETV; mean of 3 years after birth, ranging from 1 day to 16 years). Two patients required more than one permanent CSF diversion procedure. Two patients developed sepsis (defined as meeting at least 2/4 SIRS criteria). In both cases of sepsis, patients developed signs and symptoms more than 72 h after birth. Notably, both instances of sepsis occurred unrelated to operative intervention as they occurred before permanent MMC closure. Two patients had intraventricular hemorrhage (both grade III). No patients developed meningitis (defined as positive CSF cultures) prior to MMC closure. Median follow up duration was 9.7 years. During this time epoch, 3 patients died: Two before 2 years of age of causes unrelated to surgical intervention. One of the two patients with grade III IVH died within 24 h of MMC closure.

Conclusions
In our institutional experience with premature infants with MMC, some patients underwent delayed MMC closure. The overall rate of meningitis, sepsis, and mortality for preterm children with MMC was similar to MMC patients born at term.
Thyroid ultrasound findings in young and middle-aged adults living in the region of the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Zabirova Aizhan , Saiko Alexsey , Orita Makiko , Furuya Fumihiko , Yamashita Shunichi , Takamura Noboru 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNearly forty years have passed since the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident, which resulted in childhood and adolescent thyroid cancers increasing due to internal exposure to iodine-131. Therefore, the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident, in 2011, raised serious anxiety about potential risks of thyroid cancers. Considering the causal relationship between thyroid cancer and the Chornobyl accident, radiation dose to the thyroid due to this accident should be considered carefully. In addition, a thorough investigation of any influence of ultrasound screening of the thyroid on the detection of thyroid diseases was still missing. Consequently, from 2019 to 2021, the frequency of abnormal thyroid findings from screening of residents in Zhytomyr, Ukraine, which was heavily contaminated by the accident, was evaluated in this study. For this, the same diagnostic classification of any thyroid ultrasound findings as those of the Fukushima Health Management Survey were used. This classification used the categories “A1” (no findings), “A2” (thyroid cysts less than 20 mm and/or thyroid nodules less than 5 mm), and “B” (thyroid cysts more than 20 mm and/or thyroid nodules more than 5 mm). 2,978 participants were analyzed. It was found that the frequency of “B” findings increased with age. This may be due to the observed increased incidence of not only malignant but also benign thyroid nodules. It may well be that such an increase will also be observed in Fukushima in the future. It is concluded that future thyroid examiners in Fukushima should be aware of findings specific to adults, such as chronic thyroiditis. For comparison, it will be necessary to perform longitudinal studies in the Japanese population not exposed to radiation from the Fukushima accident.
Managing next generation BP-x initiatives
Authors: Schaschek Myriam , Gwinner Fabian , Neis Nicolas , Tomitza Christoph , Zeiß Christian , Winkelmann Axel 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPast generations of BPM involved the efficient and effective management of business processes. Yet, we currently face a turning point. The technological facets of data-driven BPM add complexity to traditional BPM applications. As a result, organizations face intended and unintended technology-related changes across all business process initiatives. Using the term BP-x, we summarize the recent changes in BPM knowledge that has hitherto been fragmented across academic literature. To address the challenges of BP-x initiatives, we envision a holistic model that focuses on managing related cutting-edge technologies and BPM. Thus, we propose the operationalized BP-x management model as a valuable IT meta-artifact. We develop the model using a two-cycled Design Science Research methodology and conduct a threefold summative evaluation. The results of our study indicate that creating awareness of potentials and opportunities accelerates the process toward action and fosters new business outcomes in terms of performance and innovation. By strategically aligning BP-x endeavors, organizations promote visibility, shared understanding, and culture among stakeholders. Our model guides managers throughout the BP-x adoption journey in conjunction with organizational, managerial, and technological prerequisites.
Transformer-based models for combating rumours on microblogging platforms: a review
Authors: Anggrainingsih Rini , Hassan Ghulam Mubashar , Datta Amitava 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe remarkable success of Transformer-based embeddings in natural language tasks has sparked interest among researchers in applying them to classify rumours on social media, particularly microblogging platforms. Unlike traditional word embedding methods, Transformers excel at capturing a word’s contextual meaning by considering words from both the left and right of a word, resulting in superior text representations ideal for tasks like rumour detection on microblogging platforms. This survey aims to provide a thorough and well-organized overview and analysis of existing research on implementing Transformer-based models for rumour detection on microblogging platforms. The scope of this study is to offer a comprehensive understanding of this topic by systematically examining and organizing the existing literature. We start by discussing the fundamental reasons and significance of automating rumour detection on microblogging platforms. Emphasizing the critical role of text embedding in converting textual data into numerical representations, we review current approaches to implement Transformer models for rumour detection on microblogging platforms. Furthermore, we present a novel taxonomy that covers a wide array of techniques and approaches employed in the deployment of Transformer-based models for identifying misinformation on microblogging platforms. Additionally, we highlight the challenges associated with this field and propose potential avenues for future research. Drawing insights from the surveyed articles, we anticipate that promising results will continue to emerge as the challenges outlined in this study are addressed. We hope that our efforts will stimulate further interest in harnessing the capabilities of Transformer models to combat the spread of rumours on microblogging platforms.
The Tail Dependence and Lead-Lag Relationship in Financial Markets
Authors: Mar’I Muhammad , Seraj Mehdi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe increased interconnection among financial markets and their susceptibility to economic and political fluctuations have spurred investors to seek out markets capable of offering hedging mechanisms for their diversified portfolios. This study aims to elucidate the intricate web of interdependence among various financial markets, namely oil Brent, global equity, green investment, Cryptocurrency, and Islamic markets, focusing on the analysis of tail dependence and lead-lag relationships within bullish and bearish contexts. Employing copula and wavelet techniques on data spanning from January 2014 to December 2022, the results indicate distinctive patterns of dependency and interaction among the examined financial markets. Notably, the observed dependency between specific markets does not extend uniformly across all markets, implying a bilateral influence that does not significantly impact the performance of unrelated markets. However, a noteworthy exception arises in the relationship between the Brent and crypto markets, where the influence may propagate to the green market during both bullish and bearish periods. Further analysis reveals that during bullish periods, the strongest dependence between Brent and green markets reaches 38%, contrasting with a 7% dependency during bearish periods. Additionally, a dependency of 25% is observed between global and green markets, consistent across both bullish and bearish conditions. Furthermore, the interaction between Brent and Crypto markets affects the green market by 5% during both bullish and bearish periods. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamics within financial markets and offer valuable insights for investors seeking to manage risks and optimize their investment strategies.
Negotiating access and belonging in a higher education institution: a postqualitative narrative
Authors: Whitburn Ben , Riffo-Salgado Priscila 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to foreground accessibility as a necessary aspect of equality, diversity, and inclusion (EDI). We go about this by highlighting shared experiences of negotiating institutional ableism together, as a disabled scholar employed at a HEI in the UK, and a non-disabled, culturally and linguistically diverse individual employed to bridge inaccessible spaces. Drawing upon Wong’s (2023) conceptual framework of spatial belonging in higher education, which traverses the intersecting terrain of physical, digital, relational and structural spaces, we develop a postqualitative narrative demonstrating the limitations of narrowly defined legal protections that fall short of implementing inclusive ideals. The narrative draws attention to the ways that ‘access intimacy’, understood as shared commitments to accessibility, develops informally, which excuses HEIs from taking responsibility to institutionalise it. We contemplate accessibility as a relational concern and build an argument for learning from our experiences to inform the development of key accessibility considerations into institutional ways of working and relating to difference. The paper is significant for engaging principles from critical disability studies as conceptual means by which to consider accessibility, and the relational account provided contributes a collaborative perspective frequently experienced but not widely considered in higher education research for strengthening EDI.
Is noninvasive hemoglobin measurement suitable for children undergoing preoperative anesthesia consultation?
Authors: Mohnke Katja , Smetiprach Julia , Paumen Yuri , Mildenberger Philipp , Komorek Yannick , Griemert Eva-Verena , Wittenmeier Eva 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Preoperative anemia in children is a significant clinical concern requiring precise diagnosis. Although traditional blood sample collection is effective, it poses challenges because of children’s aversion and technical difficulties. Therefore, this study explores the suitability of noninvasive hemoglobin measurements in children during preoperative anesthesia consultation. Noninvasive hemoglobin measurement (SpHb®; Masimo) in children aged ≤ 17 years was performed during preoperative anesthesia consultation and compared with laboratory hemoglobin (labHb) levels. SpHb was measured in 62 children (median age: 6 years, standard deviation [SD] ± 5.3) without adverse effects but was unsuccessful in one child. The bias, limits of agreement, and root mean square error between SpHb and labHb were 0.3, −2.26– +2.8, and 1.3 g/dl, respectively. LabHb demonstrated a significant regression relationship with R2 of 0.359. LabHb was associated with a negative effect on bias [− 0.443 (CI 95: − 0.591– − 0.153, P < 0.001)], i.e., SpHb tends to underestimate labHb for high labHb values. The retest reliability between two consecutive SpHb measurements was 0.727 (P < 0.001). Double measurement of SpHb, age, weight, sex, heart rate, and perfusion index had no significant effects on accuracy. Using SpHb, a specificity of 96.3% (95% confidence interval [CI 95]: 87.3%–99.5%) and a sensitivity of 57.1% (CI 95: 18.4%–90.1%) were observed. Based on adapted cut-off values for SpHb (age-dependent cut-off values plus 0.8 g/dl), a sensitivity of 100% (CI 95: 64.6%–100%) was achieved for the investigated study collective. SpHb measurement in children is a quick procedure. The accuracy of hemoglobin measurement is insufficient for the diagnosis of anemia. Thus, whether the calculated cut-off SpHb values of this study collective can be considered for anemia screening in pediatric patients undergoing preoperative anesthesia consultation should be confirmed. Trial registration number and date of registration: This prospective study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03586141).
Comparing the haemodynamic effects of high- and low-dose opioid anaesthesia: a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Marges O. M. , Nieboer J. P. , de Keijzer I. N. , Rettab R. , van Amsterdam K. , Scheeren T. W.L. , Absalom A. R.A. , Vereecke H. E.M. , Struys M. M.R.F. , Vos J. J. , van den Berg J. P. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPost-induction hypotension (MAP < 65 mmHg) occurs frequently and is usually caused by the cardiovascular adverse effects of the anaesthetic induction drugs used. We hypothesize that a clinically significant difference in the incidence and severity of hypotension will be found when different doses of propofol and remifentanil are used for induction of anaesthesia. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial wherein four groups (A-D) of patients received one out of four different combinations of propofol and remifentanil, titrated to a predicted equipotency in probability of tolerance to laryngoscopy (PTOL) according to the Bouillon interaction model. In group A, a high dose of propofol and a low dose of remifentanil was administered, and across the groups this ratio was gradually changed until it was reversed in group D. Mean and systolic arterial blood pressure (MAP, SAP) were compared at four time points (Tbaseline, Tpost−bolus, T3min, Tnadir) within and between groups Heart rate, bispectral index (BIS) and the incidence of hypotension were compared. Results: Data from 76 patients was used. At Tpost−bolus a statistically significant lower MAP and SAP was found in group A versus D (p = 0.011 and p = 0.002). A significant higher heart rate was found at T3min and Tnadir between groups A and B when compared to groups C and D (p = < 0.001 and p = 0.002). A significant difference in BIS value was found over all groups at T3min and Tnadir (both p < 0.001). All other outcomes did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: Induction of anaesthesia with different predicted equipotent combinations of propofol and remifentanil did result in statistically different but clinically irrelevant differences in haemodynamic endpoints during induction of anaesthesia. Our study could not identify preferable drug combinations that decrease the risk for hypotension after induction, although they all yield a similar predicted PTOL.
A quantitative investigation of immigrants integration and detention in Europe
Authors: Ballerini Veronica , Seri Emiliano 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we question whether different attitudes of European countries’ policies toward migrant integration correspond to different propensities to hold foreigners in prison. As a first attempt to test the existence of such an association, we cluster 34 European countries for the year 2019, modelling the dimensions of the Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX). Leveraging finite mixtures of multivariate Gaussian, we identify three groups of countries with a similar level of integration. Then, we estimate the relative proportion of foreigners held in prison among clusters, relying on UNODC and UNDESA data and exploiting Fisher’s noncentral hypergeometric (FNCH) model. We aim to introduce the FNCH model on clusters as a new quantitative tool to investigate demographic and social research issues. Results show that, in the less virtuous cluster in terms of migrants’ integration, foreigners are almost twice more exposed to detention than in the other clusters. Moreover, looking at the differences within clusters, we find that foreigners have a different propensity to be held in prison with respect to citizens. The proposed approach adds new valuable insights to the MIPEX and provides a novel perspective on an important and highly debated phenomenon, such as foreigners in prison, through the lenses of migrants’ integration. From a policymaking perspective, there emerges a need for more attention and further investigation on the paths underlying such an association between migrants’ integration and detention. To this aim, it is essential that countries enhance data collection and access, especially on migrant incarceration.
The synchronic and diachronic evolution of key themes around SDG 4 before and after 2015: From a quantitative analysis of web-downloaded texts
Authors: Yamada Shoko 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe authoritative ideas of what education should be like under the fourth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 4) are constructed through discourse among key actors of the “international education community” at large. This article presents the evolution of international education discourse, comparing the periods before and after September 2015. The analysis is presented in two parts. The first part discusses the period before the adoption of SDGs in 2015, during which the agenda was formulated through discourse. The author identifies themes such as cognitive and noncognitive skills, learning outcomes, measurement and indicators. Actors shaping the discourse included mission-driven civil society organisations (CSOs), constituency-based CSOs, technical specialist groups, UN Member States and philanthropic organisations. The second part is based on a large sample text mining using 832 web-downloaded texts published between 2015 and 2022. The list of key themes largely mirrors those identified in the first part, although the relative weight among them has changed over time. The emphasis has shifted from global, structural topics to more local, specific ones, with increased attention on individual learners and their skills and knowledge. It suggests the uprooted nature of global governance, particularly at the time of SDG adoption. The fact that the term “SDGs” has permeated to the household level reflects widening participation in the global discourse on education. The author observes two contrasting perspectives: one discusses education’s contributions to noneducational goals, such as employment, economic growth, achieving sustainability or guaranteeing basic human rights; while another represents traditional educationalism, which tends to equate schooling with the traditional classifications of primary, secondary and higher education.