bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct comparison of the haptic and visual horizontal–vertical illusions using traditional figures and single lines
Authors: Howell Jacqui , Symmons Mark , Van Doorn George 
Published: November 2012

The horizontal–vertical illusion (HVI) has been widely and extensively reported as a visual phenomenon in which a vertical line is perceived as shorter than a horizontal line of the same length. Like a number of geometric illusions, the HVI has also been found to occur haptically, though there is less agreement in the literature as to the extent and direction of the illusion. The relatively small number of haptic HVI papers coupled with a variety of stimuli and procedures used make it difficult to make direct comparison between the visual and haptic versions of the illusion. After a brief critical literature review, the current paper reports a study in which the visual and haptic HVIs are directly compared. In a bid to reconcile previous shortcomings, three sets of stimuli were used: L-figures, inverted T-figures, and separated horizontal and vertical lines. The stimuli were presented in two lengths: 3 and 9 cm. The dependent variable was percentage error between the horizontal and vertical — no error represents an absence of illusion. As expected, inverted T-figures produced an illusion significantly stronger than both the L-figures and single lines, which in turn did not differ from each other. Further, the illusion was present to the same extent in both modalities. Stimuli of 9 cm produced relatively stronger illusions than those that measured 3 cm, and stimulus size interacted with modality. The consequences of these findings for earlier research and proffered suggestions as to what causes this and other illusions are discussed.
The interplay between multisensory integration and attention in children
Authors: Barutchu Ayla , Toohey Sarah , Shivdasani Mohit N. , Paolini Antonio G. 
Published: November 2012

In adults, it is well known that multisensory processes can be modulated by attention, however, little is understood about the development of this interplay. This study investigated the relationship between multisensory integration and attention in children. The Tests of Everyday Attention for Children (TEA-Ch) was used to assess visual attention (Sky Search subscale), sustained auditory attention (Score DT subscale) and audio–visual attention (Sky Search DT subscale, i.e., Sky Search and Score DT combined) in 59 children (age range: 7–12 years). The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children — Fourth Edition — Australian (WISC-IV) was used to measure general intellectual abilities. Multisensory integration was gauged using the stream-bounce illusion (SBI). Participants were presented with two discs moving horizontally toward each other either with no sound or with a click sound at −400 ms, −250 ms, 0 ms, +250 ms, +400 ms relative to the time of collision of the two discs. The perception of the SBI significantly increased when the sound was presented at or near the time of collision. Correlation analyses showed that both age (, ) and measures of auditory sustained attention (Score SD, , ) significantly predicted the SBI. Furthermore, children with high Score DT measures (age standardised scores > 11, ) reported significantly more SBIs, even when the effects of age and IQ were controlled for, when compared with children in the low score range (age standardised scores < 9, ). These findings suggest that multisensory integration in children is partly dependent on the stability of sustained auditory attention.
Inefficient cross-sensory temporal integration in older persons with a history of falling
Authors: Newell Fiona N. 
Published: November 2012

We recently reported that efficient multisensory integration is affected by the ageing process. Specifically, we found that older persons were more susceptible to the auditory-flash illusion (Shams et al., 2000) than younger adults, even at relatively large stimulus onset asynchronies of more than 170 ms. Furthermore, susceptibility to this illusion increased with age (i.e., across individuals), and over time (i.e., over two years in the same individual). Our findings also suggest that inefficient multisensory integration is associated with balance maintenance and control: older persons with a history of falling were more susceptible to the auditory-flash illusion than their age-matched counterparts (Setti et al., 2011a) and more illusions were reported in older adults during a standing than a seated position. Importantly, we found no differences in sensory acuity between older adults with and without a history of falls, suggesting important interactions in the brain. We also found that during spatial navigation, older persons with a history of falling, relative to an age-matched cohort, failed to compensate for changes in their visual environment (full or blurred visual input) by adjusting their gait accordingly (Barrett et al., 2012). Our findings are suggestive of temporal interactions between the sensory systems in the brain (see e.g., Setti et al., 2011b), and not in the nature of the information encoded at the periphery, which underpin efficient perception-to-action in an older adult.
Fighting for His Majesty (I): Accretion of the Greater Shang (ca. 1200-1045 B.C.)
Authors: Wu Shu-hui 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
A series of new archaeological excavations in China has enriched the study of ancient Shang and Zhou history. Many Chinese scholars have devoted considerable research to the recently deciphered oracle bone inscriptions, which have illuminated the military and religious practices of the Shang in greater detail. Their achievements enable us to arrive at new understandings about the processes, purposes, and strategies employed by the Shang people to expand their territory. This article explores the structure of the Great Settlement of the Shang and what life was like in the late Shang period. Also, it intends to shed new light on the wars between the Shang and their enemies, including their military arrangements, the major generals of the Shang king, and their strategies for building alliances. Finally, I argue that the chief purpose of Shang expansion to the south was to procure a supply of a key natural resource, copper.
Heat sensitive persons with multiple sclerosis are more tolerant to resistance exercise than to endurance exercise
Authors: Skjerbæk Anders G , Møller Andreas B , Jensen Ellen , Vissing Kristian , Sørensen Henrik , Nybo Lars , Stenager Egon , Dalgas Ulrik 
Published: November 2012

Background: Heat sensitivity (HS) is reported by 58% of all persons with multiple sclerosis (MS), causing symptom exacerbation possibly limiting exercise participation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to test the hypotheses that (a) a relationship between exercise-induced changes in core–temperature (Ctemp) and changes in symptom intensity exists, and (b) that resistance exercise (RE), as a consequence of a minor increase in core temperature, will induce a lesser worsening of symptoms than endurance exercise (EE) in HS persons with MS. Methods: On two separate days, 16 HS persons with MS randomly completed a session of RE and EE, or EE and RE, respectively. Testing was conducted pre, post and one hour after exercise and consisted of Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scoring (fatigue, spasticity, pain, strength, walking and balance), the 5-time sit-to-stand (5STS), the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) and Body Sway. Composite scores describing average subjective symptom intensity (SI) and total number of symptoms (SN) were calculated from VAS scores. Results: Ctemp (0.9±0.4°C vs 0.3±0.1°C, p<0.001), SI (1.7±1.9 cm vs 0.6±1.5 cm, p<0.05) and SN (1.6±1.9 vs 0.6±2.1, p<0.05) increased significantly more during EE than RE. Changes in Ctemp correlated to changes in SI ( r=0.50, p<0.01). No differences were observed in 5STS, MSFC and Body Sway scores after EE when compared to RE. Conclusion: An exercise-induced increase in Ctemp is associated with increased number and severity of perceived symptoms in HS persons with MS. Based on these findings it is expected that HS persons with MS do tolerate RE better than EE.
Cognitive functioning in pediatric transverse myelitis
Authors: Harder Lana L , Holland Alice Ann , Frohman Elliot , Graves Donna , Greenberg Benjamin M 
Published: November 2012

Background: Transverse myelitis (TM) is an inflammatory disease of the spinal cord. In pediatric TM patients, cognitive and psychological problems have been described only anecdotally. Objectives: Study aims include describing cognitive dysfunction among a cohort of pediatric TM patients as well as qualitatively exploring the impact of depression, medication, and fatigue on cognitive functioning. Methods: Twenty-four consecutive TM patients referred to a pediatric demyelinating diseases clinic completed neuropsychological screening. Means, standard deviations (SD), and percentages of patients performing at or below 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 SD from the mean on tests administered are presented. Results: Means were generally average across domains; however, scores ranged widely across subjects within each domain. The highest rate of deficits was observed in fine-motor speed/dexterity. Slightly higher frequencies of impairment were observed in attention and memory as compared to processing speed and verbal fluency. Results did not suggest a clear association between cognitive problems and depression or medication use but did suggest that fatigue may impact cognitive functioning. Conclusions: This study is the first to document cognitive deficits in pediatric TM and raises questions regarding our understanding of the central nervous system (CNS) injury associated with TM. Findings warrant further exploration of neuropsychological outcomes in TM to inform appropriate intervention.
Improving overall survival and overcoming adverse prognosis in the treatment of cytogenetically high-risk multiple myeloma
Authors: Bergsagel P. Leif , Mateos María-Victoria , Gutierrez Norma C. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , San Miguel Jesús F. 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a heterogeneous disease with certain genetic features [eg, t(4;14), del17p] associated with worse outcome. The introduction of thalidomide, lenalidomide, and bortezomib has dramatically improved the outlook for patients with MM, but their relative benefit (or harm) for different genetic patient subgroups remains unclear. Unfortunately, the small number of patients in each subgroup frequently limits the analysis of high-risk patients enrolled in clinical trials. Strategies that result in survival of high-risk genetic subgroups approximating that of patients lacking high-risk features are said to overcome the poor prognostic impact of these high-risk features. This outcome has been difficult to achieve, and studies in this regard have so far been limited by inadequate sample size. In contrast, strategies that compare the survival of high-risk genetic subgroups randomized to different treatment arms can identify approaches that improve survival. This type of analysis is clinically useful, even if the absolute gains do not improve outcomes to levels seen in patients without high-risk cytogenetics. Reviewing available data in high-risk MM from this perspective, it appears that bortezomib has frequently been associated with improved survival, whereas thalidomide maintenance has sometimes been associated with a shorter survival.
The overall impairment of core executive function components in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zheng Dongming , Dong Xiaoyu , Sun Hongzan , Xu Yongchuan , Ma Ying , Wang Xiaoming 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundIt remains unclear how executive function (EF) is affected in the stage of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Previous studies using different methods to assess EF in patients with aMCI have reached inconsistent conclusions. The aim of the study was to explore the characteristics of EF impairments in patients with aMCI.MethodsWe investigated three core components of EF (i.e., working memory, response inhibition and task switching) based on the theoretical model of EF proposed by Miyake et al. (2000) in 34 aMCI patients and 36 healthy elderly controls using computerized tasks programmed with E-prime (the 2-back task and the keep track task for working memory, the stop-signal task and the Stroop task for response inhibition and the more-odd shifting task for task switching). The overall EF and the three individual EF components were compared between groups. For EF components that were impaired, the extent of impairment was compared using a paired analysis. The aMCI group was further divided into EF-intact and EF-deficit groups according to their performances on the EF tests in clinical neuropsychological assessments. We tested for group differences among the normal controls and the EF-intact and EF-deficit aMCI groups and paid special attention to the comparisons between the EF-intact aMCI group and the control group.ResultsCompared to the control group, overall EF was significantly impaired in patients with aMCI (Wilks’ λ=0.572,P<0.001). Four tasks (the 2-back task, the keep track task, the stop-signal task and the more-odd shifting task) that tapped the three core components of EF displayed group differences that favored the normal controls. The results of the Stroop task revealed no differences in performance between the two groups. The EF-intact aMCI patients also exhibited significantly impaired capabilities in the four tasks compared to the normal controls. There were no significant differences in the extent of impairment between the four affected tasks in the aMCI group, suggesting that the three core EF components were impaired to the same extent.ConclusionsBoth the overall EF and all of the core EF components in the Miyake model of EF (working memory, response inhibition and task switching) were significantly impaired in aMCI patients, regardless of whether they had shown obvious clinical executive dysfunction.
Cyclophilin A secreted from fibroblast-like synoviocytes is involved in the induction of CD147 expression in macrophages of mice with collagen-induced arthritis
Authors: Nishioku Tsuyoshi , Dohgu Shinya , Koga Mitsuhisa , Machida Takashi , Watanabe Takuya , Miura Teppei , Tsumagari Kousuke , Terasawa Mariko , Yamauchi Atsushi , Kataoka Yasufumi 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Cyclophilin A (CypA), a member of the immunophilin family, is a ubiquitously distributed intracellular protein. Recent studies have shown that CypA is secreted by cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. Elevated levels of extracellular CypA and its receptor, CD147 have been detected in the synovium of patients with RA. However, the precise process of interaction between CypA and CD147 in the development of RA remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate CypA secretion from fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) isolated from mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and CypA-induced CD147 expression in mouse macrophages.

Findings
CIA was induced by immunization with type II collagen in mice. The expression and localization of CypA and CD147 was investigated by immunoblotting and immunostaining. Both CypA and CD147 were highly expressed in the joints of CIA mice. CD147 was expressed in the infiltrated macrophages in the synovium of CIA mice. In vitro, spontaneous CypA secretion from FLS was detected and this secretion was increased by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. CypA markedly increased CD147 levels in macrophages.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that an interaction in the synovial joints between extracellular CypA and CD147 expressed by macrophages may be involved in the mechanisms underlying the development of arthritis.
Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping of the Mouse Plasma Proteome (pQTL)
Authors: Holdt Lesca M , von Delft Annette , Nicolaou Alexandros , Baumann Sven , Kostrzewa Markus , Thiery Joachim , Teupser Daniel 
Published: November 2012

Abstract
A current challenge in the era of genome-wide studies is to determine the responsible genes and mechanisms underlying newly identified loci. Screening of the plasma proteome by high-throughput mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is considered a promising approach for identification of metabolic and disease processes. Therefore, plasma proteome screening might be particularly useful for identifying responsible genes when combined with analysis of variation in the genome. Here, we describe a proteomic quantitative trait locus (pQTL) study of plasma proteome screens in an F2 intercross of 455 mice mapped with 177 genetic markers across the genome. A total of 69 of 176 peptides revealed significant LOD scores (≥5.35) demonstrating strong genetic regulation of distinct components of the plasma proteome. Analyses were confirmed by mechanistic studies and MALDI-TOF/TOF, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyses of the two strongest pQTLs: A pQTL for mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) 3494 (LOD 24.9, D11Mit151) was identified as the N-terminal 35 amino acids of hemoglobin subunit A (Hba) and caused by genetic variation in Hba. Another pQTL for m/z 8713 (LOD 36.4; D1Mit111) was caused by variation in apolipoprotein A2 (Apoa2) and cosegregated with HDL cholesterol. Taken together, we show that genome-wide plasma proteome profiling in combination with genome-wide genetic screening aids in the identification of causal genetic variants affecting abundance of plasma proteins.
Single ABCA3 Mutations Increase Risk for Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Wambach Jennifer A. , Wegner Daniel J. , DePass Kelcey , Heins Hillary , Druley Todd E. , Mitra Robi D. , An Ping , Zhang Qunyuan , Nogee Lawrence M. , Cole F. Sessions , Hamvas Aaron 
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) due to pulmonary surfactant deficiency is heritable, but common variants do not fully explain disease heritability.

METHODS:
Using next-generation, pooled sequencing of race-stratified DNA samples from infants ≥34 weeks’ gestation with and without RDS (n = 513) and from a Missouri population-based cohort (n = 1066), we scanned all exons of 5 surfactant-associated genes and used in silico algorithms to identify functional mutations. We validated each mutation with an independent genotyping platform and compared race-stratified, collapsed frequencies of rare mutations by gene to investigate disease associations and estimate attributable risk.

RESULTS:
Single ABCA3 mutations were overrepresented among European-descent RDS infants (14.3% of RDS vs 3.7% of non-RDS; P = .002) but were not statistically overrepresented among African-descent RDS infants (4.5% of RDS vs 1.5% of non-RDS; P = .23). In the Missouri population-based cohort, 3.6% of European-descent and 1.5% of African-descent infants carried a single ABCA3 mutation. We found no mutations among the RDS infants and no evidence of contribution to population-based disease burden for SFTPC, CHPT1, LPCAT1, or PCYT1B.

CONCLUSIONS:
In contrast to lethal neonatal RDS resulting from homozygous or compound heterozygous ABCA3 mutations, single ABCA3 mutations are overrepresented among European-descent infants ≥34 weeks’ gestation with RDS and account for ∼10.9% of the attributable risk among term and late preterm infants. Although ABCA3 mutations are individually rare, they are collectively common among European- and African-descent individuals in the general population.
Travaillez ou mariez-vous !
Authors: Périvier Hélène 
Published: November 2012

Résumé L’article présente une analyse sexuée de l’évolution des droits et devoirs qui lient les personnes percevant l’aide sociale et l’Etat en France et aux Etats-Unis. Dans les deux pays, la contrepartie exigée en retour de la solidarité nationale a longtemps reposé pour les femmes sur leur rôle de « mère », pour les hommes sur celui de « pourvoyeur de ressources de la famille ». Les réformes successives des programmes de lutte contre la pauvreté aux Etats-Unis et en France ont modifié la nature de ces obligations, renforçant dans les deux cas la logique du mérite via une exigence d’insertion dans l’emploi, ceci de façon plus marquée aux Etats-Unis qu’en France. L’injonction à l’autonomie concerne désormais femmes et hommes, mais épargne les femmes mariées, dont l’inactivité est acceptée voire encouragée dans les dispositifs sociaux ou fiscaux.
Joodse religieuse uitbreiding in die Nuwe-Testamentiese tydvak: Was die Judaisme 'n missionêre godsdiens? (Deel 1)
Authors: Du Toit A.B. 
Published: November 2012

Jewish religious expansion in the New Testament era: Was Judaism a missionary religion? (part I) The dramatic increase in the Jewish population towards the end of the Second Temple period has prompted the theory that Judaism at that stage was an energetic missionary religion. But this phenomenon should rather be ascribed to a variety of factors. In this first article five of these factors are discussed: the Jewish attitude towards procreation, the fact of the Diaspora, forced proselytizing, intermarriage and the "conversion" of non-Jewish slaves.
A historical survey and critical evaluation concerning discipleship in the fourth gospel
Authors: Van der Merwe D.G. 
Published: November 2012

A historical survey and critical evaluation concerning discipleship in the Fourth Gospel The historical survey about discipleship in the Fourth Gospel indicates that the literature of the second half of this century was sketchy about this theme. Up till 1972 a thematic-theological approach highlighted some characteristics of discipleship as they appeared in all four gospels. The study of Jimenez (1972) was the first substantial approach to research about discipleship in the Fourth Gospel and caused a paradigm shift to restrict his study to only the Fourth Gospel. During the 80's the interest about this theme increased, due to Rudolph Bultmann. After Bultmann more attention was paid to the situation and circumstances of the audience which contribute to a greater interest on discipleship and ecclesiology in the Fourth Gospel. Although no constant current influence on discipleship has been observed, most scholars are unanimous that the focal point of discipleship lies in the "Last Discourse".
Book Reviews
Authors: Office Editorial 
Published: November 2012

Braaten, C E & Jenson, R W, 2000. Sin, death and the devil. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans. Prys: Onbekend. Michael Green, The Message of Matthew. Intervarsity Press, Leicester, 343 pp. Price £9.99. Francisco Lozada (Jr.), A literary reading of John 5. Text as construction. Peter Lang: New York, 138 pp. Price unknown. McGrath A & Packer JI (series eds), Thomas Manton, Jude 1999 [1675] 223 pp. John Calvin, 1 & 2 Timothy & Titus 1998 [1556] 208pp. John Owen, Hebrews 1998 [1680?] 269pp. The Crossway Classic Commentaries.