bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative genetic analysis of responses to larval food limitation in a polyphenic butterfly indicates environment‐ and trait‐specific effects
Authors: Saastamoinen Marjo , Brommer Jon E. , Brakefield Paul M. , Zwaan Bas J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDifferent components of heritability, including genetic variance (VG), are influenced by environmental conditions. Here, we assessed phenotypic responses of life‐history traits to two different developmental conditions, temperature and food limitation. The former represents an environment that defines seasonal polyphenism in our study organism, the tropical butterfly Bicyclus anynana, whereas the latter represents a more unpredictable environment. We quantified heritabilities using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures within an “Information Theoretical” framework in a full‐sib design. Whereas development time, pupal mass, and resting metabolic rate showed no genotype‐by‐environment interaction for genetic variation, for thorax ratio and fat percentage the heritability increased under the cool temperature, dry season environment. Additionally, for fat percentage heritability estimates increased under food limitation. Hence, the traits most intimately related to polyphenism in B. anynana show the most environmental‐specific heritabilities as well as some indication of cross‐environmental genetic correlations. This may reflect a footprint of natural selection and our future research is aimed to uncover the genes and processes involved in this through studying season and condition‐dependent gene expression.
Multivariate sexual selection on male song structure in wild populations of sagebrush crickets, Cyphoderris strepitans (Orthoptera: Haglidae)
Authors: Ower Geoffrey D. , Judge Kevin A. , Steiger Sandra , Caron Kyle J. , Smith Rebecca A. , Hunt John , Sakaluk Scott K. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWhile a number of studies have measured multivariate sexual selection acting on sexual signals in wild populations, few have confirmed these findings with experimental manipulation. Sagebrush crickets are ideally suited to such investigations because mating imposes an unambiguous phenotypic marker on males arising from nuptial feeding by females. We quantified sexual selection operating on male song by recording songs of virgin and mated males captured from three wild populations. To determine the extent to which selection on male song is influenced by female preference, we conducted a companion study in which we synthesized male songs and broadcast them to females in choice trials. Multivariate selection analysis revealed a saddle‐shaped fitness surface, the highest peak of which corresponded to longer train and pulse durations, and longer intertrain intervals. Longer trains and pulses likely promote greater mate attraction, but selection for longer intertrain durations suggests that energetic constraints may necessitate “time outs”. Playback trials confirmed the selection for longer train and pulse durations, and revealed significant stabilizing selection on dominant frequency, suggesting that the female auditory system is tightly tuned to the species‐specific call frequency. Collectively, our results revealed a complex pattern of multivariate nonlinear selection characterized primarily by strong stabilizing and disruptive selection on male song traits.
Grazer exclusion alters plant spatial organization at multiple scales, increasing diversity
Authors: Zhang Hui , Gilbert Benjamin , Wang Wenbin , Liu Junjie , Zhou Shurong 
Published: September 2013

AbstractGrazing is one of the most important factors influencing community structure and productivity in natural grasslands. Understanding why and how grazing pressure changes species diversity is essential for the preservation and restoration of biodiversity in grasslands. We use heavily grazed subalpine meadows in the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau to test the hypothesis that grazer exclusion alters plant diversity by changing inter‐ and intraspecific species distributions. Using recently developed spatial analyses combined with detailed ramet mapping of entire plant communities (91 species), we show striking differences between grazed and fenced areas that emerged at scales of just one meter. Species richness was similar at very small scales (0.0625 m2), but at larger scales diversity in grazed areas fell below 75% of corresponding fenced areas. These differences were explained by differences in spatial distributions; intra‐ and interspecific associations changed from aggregated at small scales to overdispersed in the fenced plots, but were consistently aggregated in the grazed ones. We conclude that grazing enhanced inter‐ and intraspecific aggregations and maintained high diversity at small scales, but caused decreased turnover in species at larger scales, resulting in lower species richness. Our study provides strong support to the theoretical prediction that inter‐ and intraspecific aggregation produces local spatial patterns that scale‐up to affect species diversity in a community. It also demonstrates that the impacts of grazing can manifest through this mechanism, lowering diversity by reducing spatial turnover in species. Finally, it highlights the ecological and physiological plant processes that are likely responding to grazing and thereby altering aggregation patterns, providing new insights for monitoring, and mediating the impacts of grazing.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formate with Nickel Diphosphine Dipeptide Complexes: Effect of Ligands Modified with Amino Acids
Authors: Galan Brandon R. , Reback Matthew L. , Jain Avijita , Appel Aaron M. , Shaw Wendy J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA series of nickel bis(diphosphine) complexes with dipeptides appended to the ligands were investigated for the catalytic oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide, a proton, and two electrons. Typical rates of approximately 7 s–1 were found, similar to that for the parent complex (ca. 8 s–1), with amino acid size and positioning contributing very little to the rate or operating potential. Hydroxy functionalities did result in lower rates, which were recovered by protecting the hydroxy group. The results suggest that the overall dielectric properties introduced by the dipeptides do not play an important role in catalysis, but free hydroxy groups do influence activity, implying contributions from intra‐ or intermolecular interactions. These observations are important in developing a fundamental understanding of the effect that an enzyme‐like outer coordination sphere can have upon molecular catalysts.
The Pattern of Price Linkages Among Commodities
Authors: Dorfman Jeffrey H. , Karali Berna 
Published: September 2013

AbstractWe investigate the linkages between commodity futures prices to determine whether the price patterns have changed during time periods with major changes in the markets. Examining data from 1990 through 2011 we search for changing patterns in correlation coefficients, (non)stationarity, and cointegration among a set of commodities with widely traded futures markets. We find that simple correlation coefficients between futures prices and the probability of nonstationarity of the series have increased over time. However, our cointegration test results show no evidence for an increase in cointegration. This mixed evidence suggests that futures markets have become more efficient over time, but that previously unrelated commodities have not seen equilibrium relationships established. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:1062–1076, 2014
Inhibitory saccadic dysfunction is associated with cerebellar injury in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kolbe Scott C. , Kilpatrick Trevor J. , Mitchell Peter J. , White Owen , Egan Gary F. , Fielding Joanne 
Published: September 2013

AbstractCognitive dysfunction is common in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Saccadic eye movement paradigms such as antisaccades (AS) can sensitively interrogate cognitive function, in particular, the executive and attentional processes of response selection and inhibition. Although we have previously demonstrated significant deficits in the generation of AS in MS patients, the neuropathological changes underlying these deficits were not elucidated. In this study, 24 patients with relapsing–remitting MS underwent testing using an AS paradigm. Rank correlation and multiple regression analyses were subsequently used to determine whether AS errors in these patients were associated with: (i) neurological and radiological abnormalities, as measured by standard clinical techniques, (ii) cognitive dysfunction, and (iii) regionally specific cerebral white and gray‐matter damage. Although AS error rates in MS patients did not correlate with clinical disability (using the Expanded Disability Status Score), T2 lesion load or brain parenchymal fraction, AS error rate did correlate with performance on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, neuropsychological tests commonly used in MS. Further, voxel‐wise regression analyses revealed associations between AS errors and reduced fractional anisotropy throughout most of the cerebellum, and increased mean diffusivity in the cerebellar vermis. Region‐wise regression analyses confirmed that AS errors also correlated with gray‐matter atrophy in the cerebellum right VI subregion. These results support the use of the AS paradigm as a marker for cognitive dysfunction in MS and implicate structural and microstructural changes to the cerebellum as a contributing mechanism for AS deficits in these patients. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2310–2319, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Altered resting‐state network connectivity in congenital blind
Authors: Wang Dawei , Qin Wen , Liu Yong , Zhang Yunting , Jiang Tianzi , Yu Chunshui 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe brain of congenital blind (CB) has experienced a series of structural and functional alterations, either undesirable outcomes such as atrophy of the visual pathway due to sight loss from birth, or compensatory plasticity to interact efficiently with the environment. However, little is known, so far, about alterations in the functional architecture of resting‐state networks (RSNs) in CB. This study aimed to investigate intra‐ and internetwork connectivity differences between CB and sighted controls (SC), using independent component analysis (ICA) on resting state functional MRI data. Compared with SC, CB showed significantly increased network connectivity within the salience network (SN) and the occipital cortex. Moreover, CB exhibited enhanced internetwork connectivity between the SN and the frontoparietal network (FPN) and between the FPN and the occipital cortex; however, they showed decreased internetwork connectivity between the occipital cortex and the sensorimotor network. These findings suggest that CB experience large scale reorganization at the level of the functional network. More importantly, the enhanced intra‐ and internetwork connectivity of the SN, FPN, and occipital cortex in CB may improve their abilities to identify salient stimuli, to initiate the executive function, and to top‐down control of attention, which are critical for the CB to guide appropriate behavior and to better adaption to the environment. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2573–2581, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interhemispheric differences of fMRI responses to visual stimuli in patients with side‐fixed migraine aura
Authors: Hougaard Anders , Amin Faisal Mohammad , Hoffmann Michael B. , Rostrup Egill , Larsson Henrik B.W. , Asghar Mohammad Sohail , Larsen Vibeke Andrée , Olesen Jes , Ashina Messoud 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMigraine sufferers with aura often report photosensitivity and visual discomfort outside of attacks and many consider bright or flickering light an attack‐precipitating factor. The nature of this visual hypersensitivity and its relation to the underlying pathophysiology of the migraine aura is unknown. Using fMRI measurements during visual stimulation we examined the visual cortical responsiveness of patients with migraine with aura. We applied a within‐patient design by assessing functional interhemispheric differences in patients consistently experiencing visual aura in the same visual hemifield. We recruited 20 patients with frequent side‐fixed visual aura attacks (≥90% of auras occurring in the same visual hemifield) and 20 age and sex matched healthy controls and compared the fMRI blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) responses to visual stimulation between symptomatic and asymptomatic hemispheres during the interictal phase and between migraine patients and controls. BOLD responses were selectively increased in the symptomatic hemispheres. This was found in the inferior parietal lobule (P = 0.002), the inferior frontal gyrus (P = 0.003), and the superior parietal lobule (P = 0.017). The affected cortical areas comprise a visually driven functional network involved in oculomotor control, guidance of movement, motion perception, visual attention, and visual spatial memory. The patients also had significantly increased response in the same cortical areas when compared to controls (P < 0.05). We discovered a lateralized alteration of a visually driven functional network in patients with side‐fixed aura. These findings suggest a hyperexcitability of the visual system in the interictal phase of migraine with visual aura. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2714–2723, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HPIP is upregulated in liver cancer and promotes hepatoma cell proliferation via activation of G2/M transition
Authors: Xu Xiaojie , Jiang Chengying , Wang Shibin , Tai Yanhong , Wang Tao , Kang Lei , Fan Zhongyi , Li Shuyue , Li Ling , Fu Jing , Liu Jiahong , Ji Quanbo , Wang Xuan , Wei Lixin , Ye Qinong 
Published: September 2013

AbstractHematopoietic pre‐B‐cell leukemia transcription factor (PBX)‐interacting protein (HPIP) has been shown to play a role in cancer development and progression. However, the detailed role of HPIP in cancer cell growth and the exact mechanism by which HPIP regulates cancer cell proliferation remains unclear. Here, we report that HPIP is overexpressed in most of 328 liver cancer patients and regulates hepatoma cell proliferation through G2/M checkpoint activation. HPIP increased anchorage‐dependent and ‐independent growth of human liver cancer cell lines. The amino acid region 531–631 of HPIP was important for its modulation of liver cancer cell growth. The increased effects of HPIP on liver cancer cell proliferation were associated with activation of the G2/M cell‐cycle concomitant with a marked increase of cyclin B1 and the inhibition of the negative G2/M phase regulator GADD45α. HPIP knockdown dramatically suppressed the growth of HepG2 liver cancer cells in nude mice. These data highlight the important role of HPIP in liver cancer cell growth and suggest that HPIP may be a good target for liver cancer therapy. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(10):873‐882, 2013
Patient Interpersonal and Cognitive Changes and Their Relation to Outcome in Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depression
Authors: Bernecker Samantha L. , Constantino Michael J. , Pazzaglia Angela M. , Ravitz Paula , McBride Carolina 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveDespite interpersonal psychotherapy's (IPT) efficacy for depression, little is known about its change‐promoting ingredients. This exploratory study examined candidate change mechanisms by identifying whether patients’ interpersonal and cognitive characteristics change during IPT and whether such changes relate to outcomes.MethodPatients were 95 depressed adults receiving manualized IPT. We used multilevel modeling to assess the relation between change in each interpersonal and cognitive domain and outcome.ResultsAcross all interpersonal and cognitive variables measured, patients showed significant improvement. Unexpectedly, reduced romantic relationship adjustment was related to posttreatment depression reduction (β = 2.028, p = .008, self‐rated; β = 1.474, p = .022, clinician‐rated). For the other measured domains, change was not significantly associated with outcome (though changes in some interpersonal variables evidenced a trend‐level relation to outcome).ConclusionsPossible reciprocal influences among IPT, depression, and romantic relationship functioning are discussed, as are implications for future research.
Kinematics of ribbon‐fin locomotion in the bowfin, Amia calva
Authors: Jagnandan Kevin , Sanford Christopher P. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAn elongated dorsal and/or anal ribbon‐fin to produce forward and backward propulsion has independently evolved in several groups of fishes. In these fishes, fin ray movements along the fin generate a series of waves that drive propulsion. There are no published data on the use of the dorsal ribbon‐fin in the basal freshwater bowfin, Amia calva. In this study, frequency, amplitude, wavelength, and wave speed along the fin were measured in Amia swimming at different speeds (up to 1.0 body length/sec) to understand how the ribbon‐fin generates propulsion. These wave properties were analyzed to (1) determine whether regional specialization occurs along the ribbon‐fin, and (2) to reveal how the undulatory waves are used to control swimming speed. Wave properties were also compared between swimming with sole use of the ribbon‐fin, and swimming with simultaneous use of the ribbon and pectoral fins. Statistical analysis of ribbon‐fin kinematics revealed no differences in kinematic patterns along the ribbon‐fin, and that forward propulsive speed in Amia is controlled by the frequency of the wave in the ribbon‐fin, irrespective of the contribution of the pectoral fin. This study is the first kinematic analysis of the ribbon‐fin in a basal fish and the model species for Amiiform locomotion, providing a basis for understanding ribbon‐fin locomotion among a broad range of teleosts. J. Exp. Zool. 319A: 569–583, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcriptional activity of transposable elements in coelacanth
Authors: Forconi Mariko , Chalopin Domitille , Barucca Marco , Biscotti Maria Assunta , De Moro Gianluca , Galiana Delphine , Gerdol Marco , Pallavicini Alberto , Canapa Adriana , Olmo Ettore , Volff Jean‐Nicolas 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe morphological stasis of coelacanths has long suggested a slow evolutionary rate. General genomic stasis might also imply a decrease of transposable elements activity. To evaluate the potential activity of transposable elements (TEs) in “living fossil” species, transcriptomic data of Latimeria chalumnae and its Indonesian congener Latimeria menadoensis were compared through the RNA‐sequencing mapping procedures in three different organs (liver, testis, and muscle). The analysis of coelacanth transcriptomes highlights a significant percentage of transcribed TEs in both species. Major contributors are LINE retrotransposons, especially from the CR1 family. Furthermore, some particular elements such as a LF‐SINE and a LINE2 sequences seem to be more expressed than other elements. The amount of TEs expressed in testis suggests possible transposition burst in incoming generations. Moreover, significant amount of TEs in liver and muscle transcriptomes were also observed. Analyses of elements displaying marked organ‐specific expression gave us the opportunity to highlight exaptation cases, that is, the recruitment of TEs as new cellular genes, but also to identify a new Latimeria‐specific family of Short Interspersed Nuclear Elements called CoeG‐SINEs. Overall, transcriptome results do not seem to be in line with a slow‐evolving genome with poor TE activity. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 322B: 379–389, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A retrospective planning analysis comparing intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) using two optimization algorithms for the treatment of early‐stage prostate cancer
Authors: Elith Craig A. , Dempsey Shane E. , Warren‐Forward Helen M. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIntroductionThe primary aim of this study is to compare intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for the radical treatment of prostate cancer using version 10.0 (v10.0) of Varian Medical Systems, RapidArc radiation oncology system. Particular focus was placed on plan quality and the implications on departmental resources. The secondary objective was to compare the results in v10.0 to the preceding version 8.6 (v8.6).MethodsTwenty prostate cancer cases were retrospectively planned using v10.0 of Varian's Eclipse and RapidArc software. Three planning techniques were performed: a 5‐field IMRT, VMAT using one arc (VMAT‐1A), and VMAT with two arcs (VMAT‐2A). Plan quality was assessed by examining homogeneity, conformity, the number of monitor units (MUs) utilized, and dose to the organs at risk (OAR). Resource implications were assessed by examining planning and treatment times. The results obtained using v10.0 were also compared to those previously reported by our group for v8.6.ResultsIn v10.0, each technique was able to produce a dose distribution that achieved the departmental planning guidelines. The IMRT plans were produced faster than VMAT plans and displayed improved homogeneity. The VMAT plans provided better conformity to the target volume, improved dose to the OAR, and required fewer MUs. Treatments using VMAT‐1A were significantly faster than both IMRT and VMAT‐2A.Comparison between versions 8.6 and 10.0 revealed that in the newer version, VMAT planning was significantly faster and the quality of the VMAT dose distributions produced were of a better quality.ConclusionVMAT (v10.0) using one or two arcs provides an acceptable alternative to IMRT for the treatment of prostate cancer. VMAT‐1A has the greatest impact on reducing treatment time.
Mechanism and Linear Free Energy Relationships in Michael‐Type Addition of 4‐Substituted Anilines to Activated Olefin in Acetonitrile
Authors: Dhahri N. , Boubaker T. , Goumont R. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTKinetic studies for the Michael‐type reactions of ethyl‐3‐(4′‐N,N‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐2‐(nonafluorobutane)sulfonylpro‐penoate 1 with 4‐X‐substituted anilines 2a–e (X = OCH3, CH3, H, F, and Cl) have been investigated in acetonitrile at 20°C. A quadratic dependence of the pseudo–first‐order rate constants (kobsd) versus [2a–e] has been observed and has been interpreted in terms of a dimer nucleophile mechanism. The finding of a relatively large negative ρ value (−3.09) for the Hammett plot suggests that the intermediate (I±) is highly zwitterionic in nature. A linear correlation (r2 = 0.9989) between the Hammett's substituent constants σ and nucleophilicity parameters N of 4‐X‐substituted anilines in acetonitrile has been observed. The electrophilicity parameters E of the olefin 1 is evaluated, using the correlations σ versus N and log k versus σ and compared with the electrophilicities of analogously Michael acceptors.
Quantitative Contrasts in the Photopolymerization of Acrylamide and Methacrylamide‐Functionalized Gelatin Hydrogel Building Blocks
Authors: Billiet Thomas , Gasse Bjorn Van , Gevaert Elien , Cornelissen Maria , Martins José C. , Dubruel Peter 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe synthesis and evaluation of gelatin acrylamide as an alternative to the well‐established gelatin methacrylamide are reported. High‐resolution magic angle spinning NMR is used for the quantitative determination of the chemical cross‐linking density. The gelatin acrylamide precursors reveal enhanced cross‐linking in terms of reactivity and double bond conversion, resulting in stronger networks. Remarkably, even at very low double bond conversions, ≈5%, gel fractions of ≈40% are obtained. The cross‐linked networks are also reviewed in the framework of the rubber elasticity and thermodynamic swelling theories to estimate important nanostructural properties. Preliminary cell tests revealed that highly viable (>90%) cell‐laden constructs are obtained.