bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of in vivo antioxidant constituents and dual‐standard quality assessment of Danhong injection
Authors: Liu Hai‐Tao , Wang Yue‐Fei , Olaleye Olajide , Zhu Yan , Gao Xiu‐Mei , Kang Li‐Yuan , Zhao Tao 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTAntioxidants and oxidative stress play a critical role in cardiovascular diseases. Danhong injection (DHI) is a well prescribed cardiovascular medication in China, but its detailed chemical basis and mechanisms of action remain unknown. To prove the antioxidant activity of DHI, its free radical scavenging capacity (RSC) was assessed by 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) spectrophotometric assay. The 50% radical scavenging activity value was 1:129.2 mL/mL, against 0.95 mm DPPH. To further identify the antioxidant compounds, modified thin‐layer chromatography combined with DPPH bioautography assay was used. Compared with vitamin C, 11 of 16 available compounds displayed strong antioxidant activity, which were also detected in rat serum after intravenous administration of DHI by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, except for hydroxysafflor yellow A. Therefore, 10 antioxidants remaining in the blood as key markers, and six other compounds as general markers, were employed to perform the quality control of DHI by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet detection after systematic methodological validation. The analytical results indicate a high correlation (r = 0.9) between the total content of those antioxidants remaining in blood and RSC of DHI among 10 batches. Further, the antioxidant profiling and chemical marker quantification as dual‐standard quality assessment was successfully applied to evaluate Danshen and safflower injections. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pt/Al2O3 Catalyzed 1,3‐Propanediol Formation from Glycerol using Tungsten Additives
Authors: ten Dam Jeroen , Djanashvili Kristina , Kapteijn Freek , Hanefeld Ulf 
Published: December 2012

AbstractScreening of four commercial catalysts (Pt/Al2O3, Pt/SiO2, Pd/Al2O3, and Pd/SiO2) and four acidic additives (hydrochloric, tungstic, phosphotungstic, and silicotungstic acids) shows that the combination of a platinum hydrogenation catalyst with tungsten containing acidic additives yields 1,3‐propanediol from aqueous glycerol. The performance of the best catalytic system Pt/Al2O3 with silicotungstic acid as an additive was optimized by experimental design, capturing the influence of reaction time, glycerol concentration, acid concentration, pressure, and temperature on the formation of 1,3‐propanediol from glycerol. High 1,3‐propanediol yield in an aqueous batch system can be achieved (49 % conversion, 28 % selectivity) with excellent 1,3‐propanediol to 1,2‐propanediol ratios. A mechanistic interpretation is given for this bifunctional system, supported by the relative stability of 1,3‐propanediol in comparison with 1,2‐propanediol under the chosen reaction conditions.
Removal of Cr(VI) from Model Solutions by a Combined Electrocoagulation Sorption Process
Authors: Ait Ouaissa Y. , Chabani M. , Amrane A. , Bensmaili A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe elimination of hexavalent chromium from synthetic effluents in a batch stirred electrocoagulation cell with aluminum electrodes coupled with a sorption process using red onion skin adsorbent is addressed. The effect of process variables such as medium pH and adsorbent concentration was investigated in an attempt to optimize the removal capacity. Adsorption and electrocoagulation were first considered separately, with maximum Cr(VI) removal yields of 47 % and 78 %, respectively, at pH 2. When combining the two processes, a removal of 97 % of the total Cr(VI) in a pH range of 3–6 was achieved. The almost total elimination observed for the considered pollutant demonstrated the feasibility and the synergistic effect of the coupled process.
Multimerization of an Apoptogenic TRAIL‐Mimicking Peptide by Using Adamantane‐Based Dendrons
Authors: Lamanna Giuseppe , Smulski Cristian R. , Chekkat Neila , Estieu‐Gionnet Karine , Guichard Gilles , Fournel Sylvie , Bianco Alberto 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe have developed a straightforward strategy to multimerize an apoptogenic peptide that mimics the natural tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) by using adamantane‐based dendrons as multivalent scaffolds. The selective binding affinity of the ligands to TRAIL receptor 2 (TR2) was studied by surface plasmon resonance, thus demonstrating that the trimeric and hexameric forms of the peptide exert an increased affinity of about 1500‐ and 20 000‐fold, respectively, relative to the monomer. Moreover, only the trimeric and hexameric ligands were able to induce cell death in TR2 expressing cells (BJAB), thus confirming that a multivalent form of the peptide is necessary to trigger a substantial TR2‐dependent apoptotic response in vitro. These results provide interesting insight into the multivalency effect on biological ligand/receptor interactions for future therapeutic applications.
Tailored Host–Guest Lipidic Cubic Phases: A Protocell Model Exhibiting Nucleic Acid Recognition
Authors: Komisarski Marek , Osornio Yazmin M. , Siegel Jay S. , Landau Ehud M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA classical conundrum in origin‐of‐life studies relates to the nature of the first chemical system: was it a carrier of genetic information or a facilitator of cellular compartmentalization? Here we present a system composed of tailor‐made nucleolipids and hydrated monoolein, which assemble at ambient temperatures to form host–guest lipidic cubic phase (LCP) materials that are stable in bulk water and can perform both functions. As such, they may represent a molecular model for a protocell in origin‐of‐life studies. Nucleolipids within the lipidic material sequester and bind selectively complementary oligonucleotide sequences from solution by virtue of base‐pairing; noncomplementary sequences diffuse freely between the LCP material and the bulk aqueous environment. Sequence specific enrichment of nucleic acids within the LCP material demonstrates an effective mechanism for selection of genetic material in these cell‐mimetic systems.
Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) as Safer, Structurally Reinforced Energetics
Authors: Bushuyev Oleksandr S. , Peterson Geneva R. , Brown Preston , Maiti Amitesh , Gee Richard H. , Weeks Brandon L. , Hope‐Weeks Louisa J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSecond‐generation cobalt and zinc coordination architectures were obtained through efforts to stabilize extremely sensitive and energetic transition‐metal hydrazine perchlorate ionic polymers. Partial ligand substitution by the tridentate hydrazinecarboxylate anion afforded polymeric 2D‐sheet structures never before observed for energetic materials. Carefully balanced reaction conditions allowed the retention of the noncoordinating perchlorate anion in the presence of a strongly chelating hydrazinecarboxylate ligand. High‐quality X‐ray single‐crystal structure determination revealed that the metal coordination preferences lead to different structural motifs and energetic properties, despite the nearly isoformulaic nature of the two compounds. Energetic tests indicate highly decreased sensitivity and DFT calculations suggest a high explosive performance for these remarkable structures.
Heterogeneously Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methane at Increased Reaction Pressures
Authors: Schoder Melanie , Armbruster Udo , Martin Andreas 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden vor allem Ni‐ und Ru‐haltige Trägerkatalysatoren synthetisiert und für die Hydrierung von Kohlendioxid zu Methan (Sabatier‐Reaktion) geprüft. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchungen standen Versuche zum Einfluss von Reaktionstemperatur und ‐druck. Als sehr geeignete Trägermaterialien erwiesen sich ZrO2 und γ‐Al2O3, die im Temperaturbereich von 300 – 400 °C hohe CO2‐ und H2‐Umsätze (70 – 80 %) und Methan‐Selektivitäten über 99 % erlauben. Im Gegensatz dazu führten TiO2‐ und SiO2‐basierte Katalysatoren fast ausschließlich zu CO und scheinen für die Reaktion nicht geeignet. Die Untersuchungen zur Druckabhängigkeit zeigten eindrucksvoll den Einfluss auf die Lage des chemischen Gleichgewichts. Die CO2‐ und H2‐Umsätze lagen an einem Ru/ZrO2‐Katalysator oberhalb 95 % und Methan wurde mit einer Selektivität von &&num;62; 99,9 % gebildet.
Assessment of Climate Change Impact on the Gharesou River Basin Using SWAT Hydrological Model
Authors: Zahabiyoun B. , Goodarzi M. R. , Bavani A. R. Massah , Azamathulla H. M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe evaluation of climate change and its side effects on the hydrological processes of the basin can increasingly help in dealing with the challenges that water resource managers and planners face in future courses. These side effects are investigated using the simulation of hydrological processes with the help of physical rainfall‐runoff model. Hydrological models provide a framework for examining the relationship between climate and water resources. This research aims at the investigation of the effect of climate change on the runoff of Gharesou, which is one of the main branches of the “Karkheh” River in Iran during the periods 2040–2069. To achieve this, the distributed hydrological model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) – a model that is sensitive to the changes in land, water, and climate – has been used with the aim of evaluating the impact of climate change on the hydrology of the Gharesou Basin. For this reason, first, the continuous distributed model of rainfall‐runoff SWAT for the period 1971–2000 has been calibrated and validated. Next, with the aim of evaluating the impact of climate change and global warming on the basin hydrology for the period 2040–2069, HadCM3‐AR4 global climate model data under the A2 scenario – from the SRES scenario set‐haves been downscaled. Eventually, the downscaled climate data haves been introduced in the SWAT model, and the future runoff changes have been studied. The results showed that the temperature increases in most of the months, and the precipitation rate exhibits a change in the range of ±30%. Moreover, the produced runoff in this period changes from −90 to 120% during different months.
Another Important Factor of Rising Sea Level: Soil Erosion
Authors: Zhang Ruibin , He Jun , Zhao Yanwen , Peng Yao , Fu Li 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGlobal mean sea level is a sensitive factor of climate change. Global warming will contribute to worldwide sea‐level rise from thermal expansion of ocean water, melting of glaciers and polar ice. Consideration of global soil erosion, water vapor cycle, and hydraulic actions suggests that soil erosion is another important factor contributing to sea‐level rise in addition to global warming. Much terrestrial sediment flows into the rivers each year but cannot be replenished, resulting in land surface declines. Moreover, sediment flow into rivers and oceans contributes to rising sea level. Ecological protection measure was proposed to prevent rising sea levels caused by soil erosion. This commentary should be useful to attract attention on rising sea levels caused by soil erosion.
The Generalized Energy‐Based Fragmentation Approach with an Improved Fragmentation Scheme: Benchmark Results and Illustrative Applications
Authors: Hua Shugui , Li Wei , Li Shuhua 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe propose an improved fragmentation scheme for the generalized energy‐based fragmentation (GEBF) approach, which improves the accuracy of the GEBF approach in total energy calculations and intermolecular interactions. The main modification is to introduce some two‐fragment‐centered primitive subsystems, which are neglected in the previous GEBF implementation. Numerical calculations demonstrate that the present GEBF approach can provide more accurate ground‐state energies and intermolecular interactions. The present GEBF approach with the M06‐2X functional and the cc‐pVTZ basis set are employed to investigate the structures and binding energies in two dimeric species, which are related to pseudopolymorphism of a phenyleneethynylene‐based π‐conjugated molecule. A comparison of the binding free energies in a dimeric species and its corresponding model without CH⋅⋅⋅F contacts reveal that the substitution of fluorine atoms weakens the binding of monomers in the dimeric species formed by intermolecular OH⋅⋅⋅O hydrogen bonds, but strengthens the binding in the dimer formed by the π–π stacking interaction. Therefore, the CH⋅⋅⋅F contacts in these two dimeric species are demonstrated to play a less significant role.
Zum Eurocode 6 – Fragen und Antworten
Authors: Jäger Wolfram 
Published: December 2012

AbstractUnter dieser Rubrik werden Fragen beantwortet, die bei der Einarbeitung in den EC 6 entstehen. Die Wiedergabe erfolgt in jedem Falle anonymisiert. Sofern es um Verständnisfragen und Hintergrundinformationen geht, werden sie von den Beiratsmitgliedern beantwortet. Handelt es sich um Auslegungsfragen, wird der zuständige NABau‐Ausschuss NA 005‐06‐01 AA “Mauerwerksbau“ (Sp CEN/TC 125, CEN/TC 250/SC 6) mit einbezogen. Mit dem Leserforum zum EC 6 soll der Praxis die Einarbeitung in das neue Normenpaket mit seinen Nationalen Anhängen erleichtert werden. Auch Sie können als Leser gern von dieser Rubrik Gebrauch machen und Ihre Fragen stellen (mauerwerk@ernst‐und‐sohn.de).Questions concerning the introduction of the EC 6. Under this heading questions are answered, arising from the application of EC 6. The questions are expressing anonymous in all cases. Provided that they concern the understanding and background information the answers will be given by members of the editorial board. If the questions are dealing with the interpretation of clauses of EC 6 the responsible code committee NA 005‐06‐01 AA “Masonry construction” (Sp CEN/TC 125, CEN/TC 250/SC 6) will be involved. The practice should get help for the adjustment in the EC 6 and its National Annexes with this new category of contributions. The readers are invited to avail oneself of this chance very active (mauerwerk@ernst‐und‐sohn.de).Die nachfolgenden Fragen und Antworten beziehen sich auf den Teil 1‐1 [1] sowie Teil 3 [3] von DIN EN 1996 zusammen mit dem zugehörigen Nationalen Anhang [2] und [4].
Pd‐Catalyzed Tandem Chemoselective Synthesis of 2‐Arylbenzofurans using Threefold Arylating Triarylbismuth Reagents
Authors: Rao Maddali L. N. , Jadhav Deepak N. , Dasgupta Priyabrata 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA tandem chemoselective synthesis of 2‐arylbenzofurans was accomplished from o‐hydroxy‐gem‐(dibromovinyl)benzenes and BiAr3 reagents under palladium‐catalyzed conditions. This unique and synthetically valuable strategy proceeds through three consecutive coupling reactions involving triarylbismuth reagents and provides 2‐arylbenzofuran products in high yields.
Electrochemical Studies of Catalyst Free Carbon Nanotube Electrodes
Authors: Wang Tingting , Manamperi Hemanthi D. , Yue Wei , Riehl Bill L. , Riehl Bonnie D. , Johnson Jay M. , Heineman William R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA novel catalyst free carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode was fabricated by a Carbo Thermo Carbide Conversion (CTCC) method. The morphology and nanostructure of the CNT electrodes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. Electrochemical characterization using potassium ferricyanide, ferroin and catechol shows these CNTs have higher current capacity, faster electron transfer rate and larger microscopic surface area than glassy carbon (GC) electrode.
Plasmonics with Doped Quantum Dots
Authors: Routzahn Aaron L. , White Sarah L. , Fong Lam‐Kiu , Jain Prashant K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe review the discovery of localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in doped semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), an advance that has extended nanoplasmonics to materials beyond the classic gamut of noble metals. The initial demonstrations of near‐infrared LSPRs in QDs of heavily self‐doped copper chalcogenides and conducting metal oxides are setting the broad stage for this new field. We describe the key properties of QD LSPRs. Although the essential physics of plasmon resonances are similar to that in metal nanoparticles, the attributes of QD LSPRs represent a paradigm shift from metal nanoplasmonics. Carrier doping of quantum dots allows access to tunable LSPRs in the wide frequency range from the THz to the near‐infrared. Such composition or carrier density tunability is unique to semiconductor quantum dots and not achievable in metal nanoparticles. Most strikingly, semiconductor quantum dots allow plasmon resonances to be dynamically tuned or switched by active control of carriers. Semiconducting quantum dots thus represent the ideal building blocks for active plasmonics. A number of potential applications are discussed, including the use of plasmonic quantum dots as ultrasmall labels for biomedicine and electrochromic materials, the utility of LSPRs for probing nanoscale charge dynamics in semiconductors, and the exploitation of strong coupling between photons and excitons. Further advances in this field necessitate efforts toward generalizing plasmonic phenomena to a wider range of semiconductors, developing strategies for achieving controlled levels of doping and stabilizing them, investigating the spectroscopy of these systems on a fundamental level, and exploring their integration into optoelectronic devices.
Inflammatory bowel disease and the risk of fracture after controlling for FRAX
Authors: Targownik Laura E , Bernstein Charles N , Nugent Zoann , Johansson Helena , Oden Anders , McCloskey Eugene , Kanis John A , Leslie William D 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Subjects with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk for hip and other major osteoporotic fractures. However, previous analyses have not fully accounted for differences in bone mineral density (BMD) and other clinical factors that affect the risk of fracture. The World Health Organization Fracture Risk Assessment tool (FRAX) can be used to predict the 10-year fracture risk from BMD and clinical risk factors. A population-based database containing clinical information on all IBD subjects in the province of Manitoba, Canada, was linked with the Manitoba Bone Mineral Density Database, which contains results of all dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans in the province. FRAX probabilities were calculated for all subjects aged 50 years or more undergoing baseline DXA testing. Subjects were followed for occurrence of major osteoporotic fractures (MOF; hip, clinical spine, wrist, humerus). Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine whether IBD was independently predictive of MOF or hip fracture. After controlling for FRAX fracture probability computed with BMD, IBD was not associated with a significantly increased risk for MOF (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83–1.55) but was associated with an increased risk for hip fracture (HR = 2.14; 95% CI, 1.26–3.65). The addition of femoral neck T-score to FRAX probability without knowledge of BMD had a negligible effect on the estimated HRs for IBD, suggesting that IBD mediates any effect on fracture risk independently of femoral neck BMD. After controlling for FRAX probability, subjects with IBD are not at an increased risk for overall MOF, but may be at increased risk of hip fracture. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
miR‐21 modulates the ERK–MAPK signaling pathway by regulating SPRY2 expression during human mesenchymal stem cell differentiation
Authors: Mei Yang , Bian Chunjing , Li Jing , Du Zhijian , Zhou Hong , Yang Zhuo , Zhao Robert C.H. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe ERK–MAPK signaling pathway plays a pivotal role during mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. Studies have demonstrated that ERK–MAPK promotes adipogenesis and osteogenesis through the phosphorylation of differentiation‐associated transcription factors and that it is the only active signaling in all three lineages (adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic) during MSC differentiation. Recent studies pointed to the significant roles of microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) during several physiological and pathological processes, especially stem cell fate determination. The miR‐21 expression pattern is also correlated with ERK–MAPK activity. Here, we found that miR‐21 expression is elevated and associated with an increased differentiation potential in MSCs during adipogenesis and osteogenesis. The overexpression of miR‐21 elevated the expression level of the differentiation‐associated genes PPARγ and Cbfa‐1 during MSC differentiation, whereas miR‐21 knockdown reduced the expression level of both genes. The ERK–MAPK signaling pathway activity had an increasing tendency to respond to miR‐21 upregulation and a decreasing tendency to respond to miR‐21 down‐regulation during the first 4 days of adipogenesis and osteogenesis. Our data indicate that miR‐21 modulated ERK–MAPK signaling activity by repressing SPRY2 expression, a known regulator of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling pathway, to affect the duration and magnitude of ERK–MAPK activity. The ERK–MAPK signaling pathway was regulated by Sprouty2 (SPRY2) expression via a miR‐21‐mediated mechanism during MSC differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1374–1384, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibitory effect of sulfide on the nitrifying respiratory process
Authors: Bejarano Ortiz Diego Iván , Thalasso Frédéric , Cuervo López Flor de María , Texier Anne‐Claire 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackgroundBiological wastewater treatment by nitrification is widely used; however information on inhibition of nitrification by sulfide is still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of different initial sulfide concentrations on ammonium and nitrite oxidizing processes.ResultsIn the absence of sulfide, nitrification was completed after 24 h with an ammonium consumption efficiency (ENH4+) of 100.0 ± 2.1% and an ammonium to nitrate conversion yield (YNO3‐) of 0.90 ± 0.01 g NO3‐‐N g–1 NH4+‐N consumed. At sulfide concentrations lower than 13.5 ± 0.7 mg HS‐‐S L–1, ENH4+ was maintained at 100% after 60 h. At sulfide concentrations ranging from 3.1 to 112.0 mg HS‐‐S L–1, the YNO3‐ decreased from 0.9 to 0.3 due to an accumulation of nitrite, whereas specific rates decreased by 51 to 92% for NH4+ consumption and by 77 to 97% for NO3‐ production. The IC50 value (concentration causing 50% inhibition) for ammonium and nitrite oxidation was 2.6 ± 0.3 and 1.2 ± 0.2 mg HS‐‐S L–1, respectively.ConclusionSulfide provoked an inhibitory effect on both ammonium and nitrite oxidizing processes, nitrite oxidation being the most affected step. This information is relevant for wastewater treatment, indicating that the presence of sulfide in effluents even at low concentration might strongly alter the nitrifying activity of activated sludge and provoke nitrite accumulation.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry