bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cartography and Renewal in Rebecca Solnit’sInfinite City: A San Francisco Atlas
Authors: Manolescu Monica 
Published: August 2014

Abstract:This article explores the ways in which contemporary American writer Rebecca Solnit renews traditional approaches to map making by emphasizing both the imaginative and the communal in cartography, through a combination of maps and storytelling. Presented like a traditional atlas and featuring twenty-two historical or subjective maps of the city, accompanied by essays, Infinite City illustrates not only the huge interest in maps and mapping manifest in American art since the 1960s but also the emergence of an alternative, community-based type of cartography. Inspired by literary models ( Italo Calvino’s Les Villes invisibles ) and critical cartography, Infinite City opens up the field of mapping to both interdisciplinary dialogue and subjective narrative. This article looks at how Infinite City navigates between the individual and communal relevance of mapping, while also examining its attempts to “un-discipline” cartography and place it within a larger community of disciplines and fields (literature, critical theory, visual arts).
A new large-diameter ice-core drill: the Blue Ice Drill
Authors: Kuhl Tanner W. , Johnson Jay A. , Shturmakov Alexander J. , Goetz Joshua J. , Gibson Chris J. , Lebar Donald A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Blue Ice Drill (BID) is a large-diameter agile drill system designed by the Ice Drilling Design and Operations group of the University of Wisconsin–Madison to quickly core-clean 241 mm diameter ice samples from near-surface sites. It consists of a down-hole motor/gear reducer rotating a coring cutter and core barrel inside an outer barrel for efficient cuttings transport in solid ice. A variable-frequency drive and custom control box regulates electrical power to the drill. Torque reaction is accomplished on the surface via handles attached to a torsion stem. Core recovery is achieved with either core dogs in the sonde or with a separate core recovery tool. All down-hole tools are suspended on a collapsible tripod via ropes running on a capstan winch. The BID is operated by a minimum of two people and has been used successfully during two seasons of coring on a blue ice area of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. An updated version of the drill system, BID-Deep, has been designed to recover cores to depths up to 200 m.
MicroRNAome genome: A treasure for cancer diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Berindan‐Neagoe Ioana , Monroig Paloma del C. , Pasculli Barbara , Calin George A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe interplay between abnormalities in genes coding for proteins and noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) has been among the most exciting yet unexpected discoveries in oncology over the last decade. The complexity of this network has redefined cancer research as miRNAs, produced from what was once considered “genomic trash,” have shown to be crucial for cancer initiation, progression, and dissemination. Naturally occurring miRNAs are very short transcripts that never produce a protein or amino acid chain, but act by regulating protein expression during cellular processes such as growth, development, and differentiation at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and/or translational level. In this review article, miRNAs are presented as ubiquitous players involved in all cancer hallmarks. The authors also describe the most used methods to detect their expression, which have revealed the identity of hundreds of miRNAs dysregulated in cancer cells or tumor microenvironment cells. Furthermore, the role of miRNAs as hormones and as reliable cancer biomarkers and predictors of treatment response is discussed. Along with this, the authors explore current strategies in designing miRNA‐targeting therapeutics, as well as the associated challenges that research envisions to overcome. Finally, a new wave in molecular oncology translational research is introduced: the study of long noncoding RNAs.CA Cancer J Clin 2014;64:311–336. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Lyside sulphur (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): origin and possible modes of transport of an Ontario, Canada specimen
Authors: Otis Gard W. , Alex Smith M. , Spero Jonathan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA dead lyside sulphur (Kricogonia lyside(Godart, 1819): Lepidoptera: Pieridae) was found in Guelph, Ontario, Canada, on 4 April 2011. DNA barcode analysis indicates it likely originated in Texas, United States of America or northern Mexico. The occurrence of this specimen coincided with a very strong weather system extending from southern Texas into eastern Canada on 3–4 April 2011. All possible means of it reaching Ontario are unlikely: natural dispersal, natural transportation on the jet stream, transportation on a vehicle, importation of a pupa on produce, and direct human transport. Unfortunately, there was no way to differentiate between these possibilities.
The Immunotherapeutic Role of Regulatory T Cells in Leishmania (Viannia) panamensis Infection
Authors: Ehrlich Allison , Moreno Castilho Tiago , Goldsmith-Pestana Karen , Chae Wook-Jin , Bothwell Alfred L. M. , Sparwasser Tim , McMahon-Pratt Diane 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Leishmania (Viannia) parasites are etiological agents of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the New World. Infection is characterized by a mixed Th1/Th2 inflammatory response, which contributes to disease pathology. However, the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in Leishmania (Viannia) disease pathogenesis is unclear. Using the mouse model of chronic L. (V.) panamensis infection, we examined the hypothesis that Treg functionality contributes to control of pathogenesis. Upon infection, Tregs (CD4+Foxp3+) presented with a dysregulated phenotype, in that they produced IFN-γ, expressed Tbet, and had a reduced ability to suppress T cell proliferation in vitro. Targeted ablation of Tregs resulted in enlarged lesions, increased parasite load, and enhanced production of IL-17 and IFN-γ, with no change in IL-10 and IL-13 levels. This indicated that an increased inflammatory response was commensurate with disease exacerbation and that the remaining impaired Tregs were important in regulation of disease pathology. Conversely, adoptive transfer of Tregs from naive mice halted disease progression, lowered parasite burden, and reduced cytokine production (IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-γ). Because Tregs appeared to be important for controlling infection, we hypothesized that their expansion could be used as an immunotherapeutic treatment approach. As a proof of principle, chronically infected mice were treated with rIL-2/anti-IL-2 Ab complex to expand Tregs. Treatment transitorily increased the numbers and percentage of Tregs (draining lymph node, spleen), which resulted in reduced cytokine responses, ameliorated lesions, and reduced parasite load (105-fold). Thus, immunotherapy targeting Tregs could provide an alternate treatment strategy for leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) parasites.
Antigen Signal Strength during Priming Determines Effector CD4 T Cell Function and Antigen Sensitivity during Influenza Virus Challenge
Authors: Nagaoka Mika , Hatta Yasuko , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Malherbe Laurent P. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
TCR signal strength during priming is a key determinant of CD4 T cell activation, but its impact on effector CD4 T functions in vivo remains unclear. In this study, we compare the functionality of CD4 T cell responses induced by peptides displaying varying binding half-lives with MHC class II before and after influenza virus infection. Although significant quantitative and qualitative differences in CD4 T cell responses were observed before infection between mice vaccinated with low- or high-stability peptides, both mice mounted robust early Th1 effector cytokine responses upon influenza challenge. However, only effector CD4 T cells induced by low-stability peptides proliferated and produced IL-17A after influenza challenge. In contrast, effector T cells elicited by higher-stability peptides displayed a terminally differentiated phenotype and divided poorly. This defective proliferation was T cell intrinsic but could not be attributed to a reduced expression of lymph node homing receptors. Instead, we found that CD4 T cells stimulated with higher-stability peptides exhibited decreased responsiveness to low levels of Ag presentation. Our study reveals the critical role of TCR signal strength during priming for the function and Ag sensitivity of effector CD4 T cells during viral challenge.
Starbucks sustained during economic crisis
Authors: Latif Madiha , Qurat-ul-ain Hafiza , Gulzar Hina , Bukhari Syeda Rabia , Sameen Syeda Nudrat 
Published: August 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the understand that how companies compute their financial ratios and use these financial ratios to identify company’s financial situation. The company is also compared with the competitor’s financial statements to identify current position in markets. Design/ Methodology: The case study method is used to better understand the company. In this study researchers developed that how company’s operations and position is effected by the great economic downfall in overall world’s economy. Moreover they discussed that how they are trying to survive in markets to retain their leading position. Findings: After considering all financial aspects researchers found that the company is no doubt badly effected with the worse economic situations but still they adopted strategies from top to operational level that keep them a right hand to sustain in market as a leader. Suggestions: Developing advertisement strategies, international price stability, target to all economic classes and all aged persons, and diversify business rather then only beverages or confectionary item related businesses.
Why is Academic labor process becoming hectic in Pakistani Universities?
Authors: Shahid Maria , Shafiq Hamna , Khan Ayesha , Asghar Mubashir , Bari Rafia , Umer Javeria , Waheed Zainab 
Published: August 2014

Due to academic labor process, the working conditions of universities are changing means now the working conditions of universities are becoming standardized. This research paper is qualitative in which researchers tried to explore the concepts that making the academic labor process hectic day by day in the context of Pakistani universities. The aim of this study is to explore that what is the effect of this changing working environment on the lecturers. The convenience sampling method based on self-administrated questionnaires is used to evaluate the effect of different variables on the academic labor process and data collected from the lecturers through interview. Concept analysis technique is used for discussion and conclusion. After allresearch, researchers came to know that HEC policies have a negative effect on university autonomy because according to HEC policies they want more research work in a less time which depressed the lecturers and they create a bad research work. Working conditions also have a bad impact on research work because lecturers are unable to do their work attentively. So, if the workload increases lecturers are unable to do their work properly. Incentives and bonuses play a motivational role to motivate lecturers to work well. Based on the results of thisstudy, researchers suggest to universities that they give the autonomy to their lecturers, so they work with full devotion. And separate the teaching and research work and give the lecturers a good working environment.
Politiques et plans d’action en santé mentale dans l’OCDE : leçons pour le Québec ?
Authors: Thiebaut Georges-Charles , Farand Lambert , Fleury Marie-Josée 
Published: August 2014

Cette étude examine les politiques de santé mentale énoncées au cours des quinze dernières années par les pays de l’OCDE et les provinces canadiennes afin d’en décrire les variations, d’identifier certaines configurations et d’en tirer des leçons pour le Québec. Vingt et une politiques sont analysées en faisant appel à un modèle conceptuel dérivé de la théorie de l’action sociale de Parsons. Les politiques varient en termes de différenciation (besoins et groupes priorisés, niveaux d’intervention, finalités, bases factuelles, niveaux de spécification), en termes d’intégration (mécanismes d’efficacité variable allant du fonctionnement en créneaux à l’intégration complète de certaines composantes) et en termes de gouvernance (théories de programme plus ou moins explicites ou fondées, importance variable donnée aux structures, aux processus et aux résultats, mécanismes d’imputabilité et de financement, systèmes d’information et gouvernance clinique variables). Cinq configurations sont identifiées : santé publique, professionnelle, technocratique structurelle, technocratique fonctionnelle et politique. La politique québécoise actuelle, correspondant à une configuration technocratique structurelle, pourrait être bonifiée par le renforcement de ses aspects de santé publique, professionnels et fonctionnels si les obstacles politiques pouvaient être surmontés.
Réflexions et recommandations des Instituts universitaires en santé mentale du Québec sur le document de consultation du Forum national sur le plan d’action en santé mentale 2014-2020
Authors: Fortin Denise , McVey Lynne , Racine Simon , Luyet André J. , Israël Mimi , Villeneuve Evens , Trudel Jean-François , Fortier Linda 
Published: August 2014

Les trois Instituts universitaires en santé mentale (IUSM Douglas, de Montréal et de Québec) et le Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke ont déposé un mémoire au Forum national de consultation sur le prochain plan d’action en santé mentale (PASM) 2014-2020, organisé en janvier 2014 par le ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (MSSS). À titre d’acteurs-clés du réseau de la santé mentale, ils commentent chacun des éléments présentés dans le document de consultation.
Ils considèrent que les orientations proposées sont en continuité avec le PASM 2005-2010 et les thématiques présentées reflètent bien les enjeux actuels. Ils suggèrent des principes plus explicites quant à l’organisation de services souhaitée, soit l’exercice de la pleine citoyenneté, une organisation en réseaux intégrés de services, la performance, l’amélioration continue et l’innovation, ainsi qu’une vision globale et intégrée de la santé. La complexité des problématiques actuelles commande une offre de services souple, complémentaire et en continuité, particulièrement pour les jeunes, les autochtones et les personnes présentant des troubles concomitants. Ils insistent donc sur l’importance d’agir en prévention, d’offrir des programmes d’intervention précoce et de consolider le soutien offert aux omnipraticiens et aux professionnels de la première ligne. Ils rappellent cependant de ne pas négliger l’offre de services spécialisés en ambulatoire et en hospitalisation. Les services offerts dans la communauté doivent être structurés autour des niveaux de soutien variés, tels que le SIV et le SIM, mais aussi autour de programmations spécialisées disponibles dans les services de consultations externes des hôpitaux. Aussi, la consolidation des services surspécialisés, l’enseignement et la recherche sont à inclure dans le prochain plan d’action en santé mentale. Finalement, une perspective de santé globale doit dépasser le cadre du MSSS pour devenir un engagement gouvernemental interministériel, s’appuyant sur une vision de santé publique de la santé mentale qui examine les conditions de santé de la population et tient compte des déterminants sociaux. Ce plan sera la base d’un réel soutien à l’exercice de la pleine citoyenneté et à la lutte à la stigmatisation, en collaboration avec les personnes utilisatrices de services et leurs proches.
Rôle du communautaire en santé mentale dans un système en évolution : état des connaissances et recommandations
Authors: Grenier Guy , Fleury Marie-Josée 
Published: August 2014

Cet article a pour objectifs 1) de tracer l’historique et la place des organismes communautaires en santé mentale (OCSM) ainsi que leurs valeurs et pratiques spécifiques et 2) d’étudier l’impact du Plan d’action en santé mentale (PASM) 2005-2010 sur leur fonctionnement et leurs relations avec le réseau public. Les auteurs abordent la diversité des OSCM en fonction des dimensions suivantes : historique des OCSM au Québec, typologie, territoires couverts et financement, modalité de pratiques, et regroupement. L’étude montre que malgré la place qu’ils occupent dans la dispensation des services, les OCSM perçoivent un certain recul quant à la reconnaissance de leur expertise par le réseau public depuis la mise en place du PASM 2005-2010. Leurs critiques concernent surtout les questions de leur sous-financement, la crainte d’une perte de leur autonomie lors de la signature d’une entente de services ainsi que des lacunes sur le plan de la gouvernance et de la concertation. Un financement plus adéquat des OCSM, principalement pour les groupes d’entraide et les OCSM offrant de la réadaptation psychosociale, de l’intégration aux études et au travail, la reconnaissance de la nécessité d’une pluralité d’approches, ainsi que la reconstitution de tables de concertation ayant des pouvoirs décisionnels sont des outils pouvant permettre aux OCSM de jouer plus adéquatement leurs rôles.
Modernizing the Data Infrastructure for Clinical Research to Meet Evolving Demands for Evidence
Authors: Franklin Joseph B. , Marra Caroline , Abebe Kaleab Z. , Butte Atul J. , Cook Deborah J. , Esserman Laura , Fleisher Lee A. , Grossman Cynthia I. , Kass Nancy E. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Rowan Kathy , Abernethy Amy P. ,   JAMA Summit on Clinical Trials Participants, Abbasi Ali B , Abebe Kaleab Z , Abernethy Amy P , Adam Stacey J. , Angus Derek C , Ard Jamy , Bender Ignacio Rachel A , Berkwits Michael , Berry Scott M , Bhatt Deepak L. , Bibbins-Domingo Kirsten , Bonow Robert O. , Bonten Marc , Brangman Sharon A. , Brownstein John , Buntin Melinda J. B. , Butte Atul J , Califf Robert M. , Campbell Marion K , Cappola Anne R. , Chiang Anne C , Cook Deborah , Cummings Steven R , Curfman Gregory , Esserman Laura J , Fleisher Lee A , Franklin Joseph B , Gonzalez Ralph , Grossman Cynthia I , Haddad Tufia C. , Herbst Roy S. , Hernandez Adrian F. , Holder Diane P , Horn Leora , Huang Grant D. , Huang Alison , Kass Nancy , Khera Rohan , Koroshetz Walter J. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Landray Martin , Lewis Roger J. , Lieu Tracy A , Malani Preeti N. , Martin Christa Lese , McClellan Mark , McDermott Mary M. , Morain Stephanie R. , Murphy Susan A , Nicholls Stuart G , Nicholls Stephen J , O'Dwyer Peter J. , Patel Bhakti K , Peterson Eric , Prindiville Sheila A. , Ross Joseph S. , Rowan Kathryn M , Rubenfeld Gordon , Seymour Christopher W. , Taylor Rod S , Waldstreicher Joanne , Wang Tracy Y. 
Published: August 2024

ImportanceThe ways in which we access, acquire, and use data in clinical trials have evolved very little over time, resulting in a fragmented and inefficient system that limits the amount and quality of evidence that can be generated.ObservationsClinical trial design has advanced steadily over several decades. Yet the infrastructure for clinical trial data collection remains expensive and labor intensive and limits the amount of evidence that can be collected to inform whether and how interventions work for different patient populations. Meanwhile, there is increasing demand for evidence from randomized clinical trials to inform regulatory decisions, payment decisions, and clinical care. Although substantial public and industry investment in advancing electronic health record interoperability, data standardization, and the technology systems used for data capture have resulted in significant progress on various aspects of data generation, there is now a need to combine the results of these efforts and apply them more directly to the clinical trial data infrastructure.Conclusions and RelevanceWe describe a vision for a modernized infrastructure that is centered around 2 related concepts. First, allowing the collection and rigorous evaluation of multiple data sources and types and, second, enabling the possibility to reuse health data for multiple purposes. We address the need for multidisciplinary collaboration and suggest ways to measure progress toward this goal.
A review of longitudinal studies on flashbulb memories. Where we started, are, and are going?
Authors: Frinco Rebecca , Muzzulini Barbara , Tinti Carla , Luminet Olivier , Schmidt Susanna 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSince Brown and Kulik (1977) coined the term ‘Flashbulb memories’ (FBMs), there are still heated debates about their nature. We thus considered it useful to take stock of almost 50 years of research by reviewing 57 test–retest studies on FBMs for public events. The review aimed to answer six research questions by examining the target events and populations investigated (RQ1); the methods used to assess differences among groups and the effect of time on memory (RQ2); the assessment of FBMs' contents (RQ3), consistency (RQ4), vividness and confidence (RQ5); the criteria used to draw studies' conclusions (RQ6). Results show a huge methodological heterogeneity which may have contributed to the different conclusions about the special status of FBMs. The in‐depth comparison of 9/11 studies suggests that results may differ depending on the methods used. Finally, the paper provides methodological suggestions for future FBMs studies and seeks to stimulate critical theoretical reflections.
Leveraging the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research to Develop the American College of Rheumatology's Toolkit for Implementation of Rheumatoid Arthritis Outcome Measures in Clinical Practice: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Nasrallah Catherine , Schmajuk Gabriela , Hamblin Alicia , Wilson Cherish , Kersey Emma , Young Cammie , Katz Patti , Bajaj Puneet , Downey Christina , Bartels Christie , Zell JoAnn , Danila Maria I. , Ferguson Sancia , Barton Jennifer L. , DeQuattro Kimberly , Yazdany Jinoos 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveDespite the recognized benefits of collecting rheumatoid arthritis (RA) outcomes measures, their use in routine care is inconsistent. Using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), we conducted semistructured interviews with US rheumatologists and practice personnel to assess workflows, opportunities, and challenges in collecting RA outcome measures. Using insights from interviews, we developed the RA Measures Toolkit to enhance their use in clinical practice.MethodsWe invited 138 Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness (RISE) registry practices and 5 academic medical centers with ≥30 patients eligible for RA outcome measures to participate in the study. Practices were classified based on their performance in quality payment programs. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically using deductive and inductive techniques. The findings were used to create the RA Measures Toolkit.ResultsWe conducted 20 interviews with 38 participants across 20 practices. Key themes within the CFIR domains highlighted the challenges and best practices in RA outcome measure collection and included (1) process: the variability in practices’ use of RA outcome measures and the importance of streamlined workflows; (2) intervention: challenges of integrating patient‐reported outcomes into electronic health records; and (3) individual characteristics: importance of clinic culture around quality improvement. Using these data, we developed the RA Measures Toolkit, a multimedia online resource, featuring guidelines, best practices, and educational resources to improve the efficiency of current workflows and to enhance patient care.ConclusionThis study identifies critical gaps in the collection of RA outcome measures in US rheumatology practices and provides actionable recommendations and resources to address challenges via the RA Measures Toolkit.