bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TruFit Plug for Repair of Osteochondral Defects—Where Is the Evidence? Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Verhaegen J. , Clockaerts S. , Van Osch G.J.V.M. , Somville J. , Verdonk P. , Mertens P. 
Published: September 2014

Objective: Treatment of osteochondral defects remains a challenge in orthopedic surgery. The TruFit plug has been investigated as a potential treatment method for osteochondral defects. This is a biphasic scaffold designed to stimulate cartilage and subchondral bone formation. The aim of this study is to investigate clinical, radiological, and histological efficacy of the TruFit plug in restoring osteochondral defects in the joint. Design: We performed a systematic search in five databases for clinical trials in which patients were treated with a TruFit plug for osteochondral defects. Studies had to report clinical, radiological, or histological outcome data. Quality of the included studies was assessed. Results: Five studies describe clinical results, all indicating improvement at follow-up of 12 months compared to preoperative status. However, two studies reporting longer follow-up show deterioration of early improvement. Radiological evaluation indicates favorable MRI findings regarding filling of the defect and incorporation with adjacent cartilage at 24 months follow-up, but conflicting evidence exists on the properties of the newly formed overlying cartilage surface. None of the included studies showed evidence for bone ingrowth. The few histological data available confirmed these results. Conclusion: There are no data available that support superiority or equality of TruFit compared to conservative treatment or mosaicplasty/microfracture. Further investigation is needed to improve synthetic biphasic implants as therapy for osteochondral lesions. Randomized controlled clinical trials comparing TruFit plugs with an established treatment method are needed before further clinical use can be supported.
Development, content validity and inter-rater reliability testing of the Chronic Illness Management Implementation – Building Research Initiative Group: Chronic Illness Management and Adherence in Transplantation: An instrument to assess the level of chronic illness management implemented in solid organ transplant programmes
Authors: Berben Lut , Russell Cynthia L , Engberg Sandra , Dobbels Fabienne , De Geest Sabina 
Published: September 2014

Introduction In this article we report the item generation, validity and inter-rater reliability testing of the Chronic Illness Management Implementation – Building Research Initiative Group: Chronic Illness Management and Adherence in Transplantation instrument. Methods The instrument was developed based on the World Health Organization’s Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions framework by the research team in consultation with a chronic illness management expert and a focus group of transplant nurses. Seven chronic illness management experts were used to assist in calculating the content validity index for each item and the total instrument. A pilot study was conducted in two transplant programmes to examine inter-rater reliability. Percent agreement by professionals working within the same centre was calculated by averaging the percent agreement on individual items. Results The instrument content validity index was 87%. The percentage agreement in both transplant programmes was 84.6% and 74.8%, indicating good inter-rater reliability. The final instrument consists of 55 items. Discussion The results are promising, suggesting its value as a tool to measure implementation of chronic illness management in transplant programmes.
Dietary intake practices associated with cardiovascular risk in urban and rural Ecuadorian adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ochoa-Avilés Angélica , Verstraeten Roosmarijn , Lachat Carl , Andrade Susana , Van Camp John , Donoso Silvana , Kolsteren Patrick 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are amongst the leading causes of death worldwide. Risk factors of CVD develop during childhood and adolescence, and dietary quality has been linked to the development of CVD itself. This study examines the association between dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk in a group of urban and rural Ecuadorian adolescents from different socioeconomic backgrounds.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2008 to April 2009 among 606 adolescents from the 8th, 9th and 10th grade in an urban area (Cuenca), and 173 adolescents from a rural area (Nabón) in Ecuador. Data collection involved measuring anthropometric data (weight, height and waist circumference), blood pressure, dietary intake (2-day 24 h recall) and socio-demographic characteristics. Fasting blood lipids and glucose were measured in a subsample of 334 adolescents. Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns and linear regression models were used to (i) identify differences in food intake practices according to socioeconomic status and place of residence and (ii) establish relationships between dietary patterns and cardiovascular risk factors.

Results
Median energy intake was 1851 kcal/day. Overall, fiber, fish and fruit and vegetables were scarcely consumed, while added sugar, refined cereals and processed food were important constituents of the diet. Two dietary patterns emerged, one labelled as “rice-rich non-animal fat pattern” and the other one as “wheat-dense animal-fat pattern”. The first pattern was correlated with a moderate increase in glucose in urban participants, while the second pattern was associated with higher LDL and cholesterol blood levels in rural participants.

Conclusions
This group of adolescents presented various dietary practices conducive to CVD development. Effective strategies are needed to prevent CVD in the Ecuadorian population by encouraging a balanced diet, which contains less refined cereals, added sugar, and processed food, but has more fruits, vegetables and whole grain cereals.
The existence of symmetric positive solutions for a seconder-order difference equation with sum form boundary conditions
Authors: Guo Yanping , Ji Yude , Lv Xuefei 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the existence of positive solutions for a second-order discrete boundary value problemΔ(g(k−1)Δu(k−1))+w(k)f(k,u(k))=0subject to the boundary conditions:au(0)−bg(0)Δu(0)=∑i=1n−1h(i)u(i),au(n)+bg(n−1)Δu(n−1)=∑i=1n−1h(i)u(i), wherea,b>0,Δu(k)=u(k+1)−u(k)fork∈{0,1,…,n−1},g(k)>0is symmetric on{0,1,…,n−1},w(k)is symmetric on{0,1,…,n},f:{0,1,…,n}×[0,+∞)is continuous,f(k,u)=f(n−k,u)for all(k,u)∈{0,1,…,n}×[0,+∞), andh(i)is nonnegative and symmetric on{0,1,…,n}. By the fixed point theorem and the Hölder inequality, we study the existence of symmetric positive solutions for the above difference equation with sum form boundary conditions.
Detecting functional changes with [18F]FAZA in a renal cell carcinoma mouse model following sunitinib therapy
Authors: Chapman David W , Jans Hans-Sonke , Ma Ivy , Mercer John R , Wiebe Leonard I , Wuest Melinda , Moore Ronald B 
Published: September 2014

Abstract

Background
The multitargeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sunitinib is currently the first-line drug therapy for metastasizing renal cell carcinoma (RCC). TKIs have profound effects on tumor angiogenesis, leading to modifications of the tumor microenvironment. The goal of this study was to determine whether these treatment-induced changes can be detected with [18F]FAZA.

Methods
The present study utilized positron emission tomography (PET) to analyze tumor oxygenation status during and after sunitinib therapy in the murine Caki-1 RCC tumor model. Dynamic and static scans were performed, as well as ex vivo biodistributions at 3 h post injection (p.i.). Immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissue was carried out for the quantification of pimonidazole binding and the hypoxia-associated factors CD-31, Ki-67, and Von Willebrand factor (VWF). In addition, in vitro cellular uptake studies were done to analyze the direct effects of sunitinib on the Caki-1 cells.

Results
During therapy with sunitinib (40 mg/kg/day), uptake of [18F]FAZA into Caki-1 mice decreased by 46±5% (n = 4; 5 days) at 3 h post injection (p.i.) during the first study and 22±5% (n = 8; 9 days) during the long-term study, indicating a decrease in the tumor's hypoxia level. However, when drug therapy was stopped, this effect was reversed completely, and the tumor [18F]FAZA uptake increased to 126±6% (n = 6) of the control tumor uptake, indicative of an even higher level of tumor hypoxia compared to the therapy starting point. Sunitinib had no direct effect on [18F]FAZA uptake into Caki-1 cells in vitro.

Conclusion
[18F]FAZA PET could be used to monitor drug response during sunitinib therapy in RCC and may guide combination therapies based on the tumor's hypoxia status.
Effects of bone marrow mononuclear cells from healthy or ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation donors on recipient allergic asthma mice
Authors: Abreu Soraia C , Antunes Mariana A , Mendonça Lucas , Branco Vivian C , de Melo Elga Bandeira , Olsen Priscilla C , Diaz Bruno L , Weiss Daniel J , Paredes Bruno D , Xisto Debora G , Morales Marcelo M , Rocco Patricia RM 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Asthma is characterized by a chronic inflammatory process which may lead to several changes in bone marrow cell composition. We hypothesized that bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) obtained from ovalbumin (OVA)-induced lung inflammation mice may promote different effects compared to BMMCs from healthy donors in a model of allergic asthma.

Methods
C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to two groups. In the OVA group, mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin, while healthy animals (control group) received saline using the same protocol. BMMCs were analyzed by flow cytometry 24 hours after the last challenge. After BMMC characterization, another group of OVA mice were further randomized into three subgroups to receive intratracheal saline (BMMC-SAL), BMMCs from control or BMMCs from OVA mice (BMMC-Control and BMMC-OVA, respectively; 2x106 cells/mouse), 24 hours after the last challenge.

Results
BMMC-OVA exhibited an increased percentage of eosinophils, monocytes and hematopoietic precursors, while mesenchymal stem cells decreased, as compared with BMMC-Control. BMMCs from both donor groups reduced airway resistance, alveolar collapse, bronchoconstriction index, eosinophil infiltration, collagen fiber content in alveolar septa and levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13, interferon-γ, transforming growth factor-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor in lung homogenates. However, the benefits of BMMCs were significantly more pronounced when cells were obtained from control donors.

Conclusion
Both BMMC-Control and BMMC-OVA reduced the inflammatory and remodeling processes; nevertheless, BMMC-Control led to a greater improvement in lung morphofunction, which may be due to different BMMC composition and/or properties.
Pathologic Findings at Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy: Primary Results From Gynecologic Oncology Group Trial GOG-0199
Authors: Sherman Mark E. , Piedmonte Marion , Mai Phuong L. , Ioffe Olga B. , Ronnett Brigitte M. , Van Le Linda , Ivanov Iouri , Bell Maria C. , Blank Stephanie V. , DiSilvestro Paul , Hamilton Chad A. , Tewari Krishnansu S. , Wakeley Katie , Kauff Noah D. , Yamada S. Diane , Rodriguez Gustavo , Skates Steven J. , Alberts David S. , Walker Joan L. , Minasian Lori , Lu Karen , Greene Mark H. 
Published: September 2014

Purpose Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) lowers mortality from ovarian/tubal and breast cancers among BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Uncertainties persist regarding potential benefits of RRSO among high-risk noncarriers, optimal surgical age, and anatomic origin of clinically occult cancers detected at surgery. To address these topics, we analyzed surgical treatment arm results from Gynecologic Oncology Group Protocol-0199 (GOG-0199), the National Ovarian Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Study. Participants and Methods This analysis included asymptomatic high-risk women age ≥ 30 years who elected RRSO at enrollment. Women provided risk factor data and underwent preoperative cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) serum testing and transvaginal ultrasound (TVU). RRSO specimens were processed according to a standardized tissue processing protocol and underwent central pathology panel review. Research-based BRCA1/2 mutation testing was performed when a participant's mutation status was unknown at enrollment. Relationships between participant characteristics and diagnostic findings were assessed using univariable statistics and multivariable logistic regression. Results Invasive or intraepithelial ovarian/tubal/peritoneal neoplasms were detected in 25 (2.6%) of 966 RRSOs (BRCA1 mutation carriers, 4.6%; BRCA2 carriers, 3.5%; and noncarriers, 0.5%; P < .001). In multivariable models, positive BRCA1/2 mutation status (P = .0056), postmenopausal status (P = .0023), and abnormal CA-125 levels and/or TVU examinations (P < .001) were associated with detection of clinically occult neoplasms at RRSO. For 387 women with negative BRCA1/2 mutation testing and normal CA-125 levels, findings at RRSO were benign. Conclusion Clinically occult cancer was detected among 2.6% of high-risk women undergoing RRSO. BRCA1/2 mutation, postmenopausal status, and abnormal preoperative CA-125 and/or TVU were associated with cancer detection at RRSO. These data can inform management decisions among women at high risk of ovarian/tubal cancer.
PIK3CA Mutations Are Associated With Lower Rates of Pathologic Complete Response to Anti–Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) Therapy in Primary HER2-Overexpressing Breast Cancer
Authors: Loibl Sibylle , von Minckwitz Gunter , Schneeweiss Andreas , Paepke Stefan , Lehmann Annika , Rezai Mahdi , Zahm Dirk M. , Sinn Peter , Khandan Fariba , Eidtmann Holger , Dohnal Karel , Heinrichs Clemens , Huober Jens , Pfitzner Berit , Fasching Peter A. , Andre Fabrice , Lindner Judith L. , Sotiriou Christos , Dykgers August , Guo Sanxing , Gade Stephan , Nekljudova Valentina , Loi Sherene , Untch Michael , Denkert Carsten 
Published: September 2014

Purpose Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway aberrations are common in breast cancer, with mutations in PIK3CA being the most common. This study investigated the association between PIK3CA genotype and pathologic complete response (pCR) rates in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –positive breast cancer treated with either dual or single anti-HER2 treatment in addition to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients and Methods PIK3CA mutations in 504 tumor samples from participants in the neoadjuvant GeparQuattro, GeparQuinto, and GeparSixto studies were evaluated. All HER2-positive patients received either trastuzumab or lapatinib or the combination plus anthracycline-taxane chemotherapy. PIK3CA mutations were evaluated in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from core biopsies with a tumor cell content of ≥ 20% by using classical Sanger sequencing of exon 9 and exon 20. Results Overall, 21.4% of the patients harbored a PIK3CA mutation. Detection of a PIK3CA mutation was significantly associated with a lower pCR rate (19.4% with PIK3CA mutation v 32.8% with PIK3CA wild-type; odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.83; P = .008). In the 291 hormone receptor (HR) –positive tumors, pCR rate was 11.3% with a PIK3CA mutation compared with 27.5% with PIK3CA wild-type (OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.15 to 0.78; P = .011). In 213 patients with HR-negative tumors, pCR rate was 30.4% with PIK3CA mutation and 40.1% without (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.32 to 1.32; P = .233; interaction test P = .292). In multivariable analysis, HR status and PIK3CA status provided independent predictive information. In patients with PIK3CA mutation, the pCR rates were 16%, 24.3%, and 17.4% with lapatinib, trastuzumab, and the combination, respectively (P = .654) and in the wild-type group, they were 18.2%, 33.%, and 37.1%, respectively (P = .017). Disease-free survival and overall survival were not statistically significantly different between patients with mutant and wild-type PIK3CA. Conclusion HER2-positive breast carcinomas with a PIK3CA mutation are less likely to achieve a pCR after neoadjuvant anthracycline-taxane–based chemotherapy plus anti-HER2 treatment, even if a dual anti-HER2 treatment is given.
SN2 Reaction of IO− + CH3Cl: An Ab Initio and DFT Benchmark Study
Authors: Liang Junxi , Su Qiong , Wang Yanbin , Geng Zhiyuan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Electronic structure theory calculations, using MP2 theory and the DFT functionals B3LYP, BHandHLYP, and M05-2X, were performed to characterize the structures, vibrational frequencies, and energies for stationary points on the SN2 reaction of IO− + CH3Cl potential energy surface (PES). The aug-cc-pVDZ basis for C, H, O, and Cl, with an effective core potential (ECP) for iodine, were employed. Single-point CCSD(T) calculations were performed to obtain the complete basis set (CBS) limit for the reaction energies, which were chosen as a benchmark for accuracy of the MP2 and DFT energies. Our results suggest that MP2 and DFT predict the same mechanism on PES, with an exception in the SN2-induced elimination channel. DFT/M05-2X functional is able to give competitive results with respect to the MP2 method for the reactions with SN2 pattern, in which M05-2X results are in good agreement with CCSD(T)/CBS calculations on the whole. In contrast, DFT/BHandHLYP belongs to a better functional for calculations of the SN2-induced elimination channel featured by the H-atom transfer pattern. Moreover, the difference in the MP2 and DFT values for the characters of the reaction of IO− with CH3Cl was further analyzed in detail by the activation strain model and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis.
Greating a cluster-logistic structure of the tourist and recreation system: economic appraisal of the potential
Authors: Луговской Александр , Lugovskoy Aleksandr , Межова Лидия , Mezhova Lidiya 
Published: September 2014

The authors of the article substantiate the necessity of developing a methodological base for an economic appraisal of a tourist and recreation system, natural-resource-management-driven methods for creating a cluster and logistic structure. The authors also emphasize the importance of a natural resources inventory for the practices of natural resource rent, ecological certification, a tourist service consumer classification, and a classification of coordinating controlling systems. The current
practices of territorial municipal and federal administration determine the economic risks of investing into a complex programme of the tourist sector economic development and the economic effectiveness, as well as the lines, of ecological monitoring.
Efficient territorial administration in the course of tourist cluster creation is seen by the authors as impossible without a development of a scientifically valid methodology for economic efficiency assessment of the potential unlocked by an integrated/multipurpose utilization of territorialrecreational systems of federal and municipal taxonomies. A major line of research is an ROI study of investing into complex environmental action programmes.
According to the methodology considered in the article, tourist potential can be evaluated against such criteria as the resource validity for a recreational activity (technological evaluation), the degree of comfort, functioning, and creation of a natural-resource-management-driven cluster-logistic structure in urbanized areas (physiological evaluation), the degree of visual appeal (aesthetical evaluation), the uniqueness and quality of a resource (value assessment), the potential of a resource
to generate tourist traffic (self-sufficiency evaluation), and capacity evaluation of the complexity of tourist resources, especially of their transport infrastructure.
Information service as applied to the tourist business
Authors: Недкова Антонина , Nedkova Antonina 
Published: September 2014

The article deals with the current issues of information and communication technologies and their touristindustry application. Nowadays, tourist service activity is inconceivable without information resources and communication technologies, which serve to equip the consumer with e-information transmission and acquisition tools. The author identified the following information service aspects that are valuable
for the tourist industry: information as a link for the activity in tourism and service provision; tourism information product consumers (tourists, travel agencies, hotels, restaurants, airlines, railway and nautical companies, car-rent firms, etc); information resources (accounting databases, data provided by transfer companies); information owners and information resources; information systems; reservation and sales systems; information processes such as, for example, registration procedures, information transmission procedures, information processing procedures, and top management decision-making procedures; information system and technology support and maintenance – software provision, technical, linguistic, legal and organizational resources to ensure the operation of computering machines, thesauri, as well as operational instructions and methodology. The research conducted by the author leads to the general conclusion that, the newly-evolved information service industry is to continue its development and technological improvement, which, in its turn, will facilitate operations in the sphere of tourism and will satisfy consumer demand more efficiently.
On creating modern urban service spaces: ensuring the comprehensiveness and accessibility of service (Case study: public services in Mytishchi urban area)
Authors: Харитонова Татьяна , Kharitonova Tatyana , Кривошеева Татьяна , Krivosheeva Tatiana , Казакова Светлана , Kazakova Svetlana 
Published: September 2014

The issues of public service sector development have remained current since the sector was overhauled and reformed in the late 1990s and the early 2000s. The authors identify the following reasons for problems in the public service sector: a failure to force public service providers from the semishade sector and to provide opportunities for cost-effective operations in the newly created market. Currently, the major problems in the sphere of public service provision are largely connected with
quality characteristics. Public service shapes the service space in modern urban areas, and provides adequate living conditions, which is a key criterion for quality-of-life evaluation. The authors’ working hypothesis focuses on developing a new format of public service companies’ development on the basis of complexity/integrity and maximal accessibility. The format is seen by the authors as suitable for a network of mini public amenities centers located in functionally diverse urban zones. The authors’ conclusions rest on the results of the authors’ marketing research into the status and development prospects of the public service sector in Mytishchi, Moscow Region. The essence of the concept proposed by the author is the different lines of mini public amenities center development: creating a business environment, priority-based resource allocation, cooperation in information support activities, as well as implementation mechanisms.
Western Caucasus Dolmens: riddles, myths, legends
Authors: Джанджугазова Елена , Dzhandzhugazova Elena 
Published: September 2014

The article is devoted to the dolmens of Western Caucasus which are considered not only as monuments of ancient material culture but also as signifi cant tourist facilities that have become a real brand of Olympic Sochi. The author gives interesting information about the mystical power
of dolmens, conducts comparative parallels with famous megaliths countries and highlights the reason for people’s interest to the monuments of dolmen culture.