bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prayerful Dispossession and the Grammar of Thinking Theologically: Sarah Coakley and Gillian Rose
Authors: Kirkland Scott A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractGillian Rose's re-thinking of Hegel in the wake of twentieth century ‘right’ and ‘left’ wing Hegelianisms has offered occasion for a recovery of Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit as more than simply the narration of the way consciousness absorbs its objects, as textbook accounts often suggest. Rose's suggestion is that Hegel offers a program of radical criticism that destabilises the modern ego in speculative thought itself. Sarah Coakley's recent first volume, of a proposed four, of her systematic theology triangulating Trinity, prayer and dispossessive spiritual practices provides a fruitful dialogue partner for Rose's project in that Coakley offers a mode of thinking about prayer deeply attentive to the shape of spiritual discipline and it's relation to theological grammar. This paper contests that it is precisely in the non-objectivity of divine being, as thought by Rose and Coakley, that we find resources for conceptualising thinking itself as a dispossessive spiritual act. The theological and the spiritual (theory and praxis) cannot, therefore, be partitioned out without violence being done to the act of thinking itself.
Do mixotrophs grow as photoheterotrophs? Photophysiological acclimation of the chrysophyte Ochromonas danica after feeding
Authors: Wilken Susanne , Schuurmans J. Merijn , Matthijs Hans C. P. 
Published: August 2014

Summary

Mixotrophy is increasingly recognized as an important and widespread nutritional strategy in various taxonomic groups ranging from protists to higher plants. We hypothesize that the availability of alternative carbon and energy sources during mixotrophy allows a switch to photoheterotrophic growth, where the photosynthetic apparatus mainly provides energy but not fixed carbon.

Because such a change in the function of the photosynthetic machinery is probably reflected in its composition, we compared the photosynthetic machinery in Ochromonas danica during autotrophic and mixotrophic growth.

Compared with autotrophic growth, the total pigmentation of O. danica was reduced during mixotrophic growth. Furthermore, the photosystem I (PSI):PSII ratio increased, and the cellular content of Rubisco decreased not only absolutely, but also relative to the content of PSII.

The changing composition of the photosynthetic apparatus indicates a shift in its function from providing both carbon and energy during photoautotrophy to mainly providing energy during mixotrophy. This preference for photoheterotrophic growth has interesting implications for the contribution of mixotrophic species to carbon cycling in diverse ecosystems.
β‐Glucosidase BGLU42 is a MYB72‐dependent key regulator of rhizobacteria‐induced systemic resistance and modulates iron deficiency responses in Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Zamioudis Christos , Hanson Johannes , Pieterse Corné M. J. 
Published: August 2014

Summary

Selected soil‐borne rhizobacteria can trigger an induced systemic resistance (ISR) that is effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the root‐specific transcription factor MYB72 is required for the onset of ISR, but is also associated with plant survival under conditions of iron deficiency. Here, we investigated the role of MYB72 in both processes.

To identify MYB72 target genes, we analyzed the root transcriptomes of wild‐type Col‐0, mutant myb72 and complemented 35S:FLAG‐MYB72/myb72 plants in response to ISR‐inducing Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS417.

Five WCS417‐inducible genes were misregulated in myb72 and complemented in 35S:FLAG‐MYB72/myb72. Amongst these, we uncovered β‐glucosidase BGLU42 as a novel component of the ISR signaling pathway. Overexpression of BGLU42 resulted in constitutive disease resistance, whereas the bglu42 mutant was defective in ISR. Furthermore, we found 195 genes to be constitutively upregulated in MYB72‐overexpressing roots in the absence of WCS417. Many of these encode enzymes involved in the production of iron‐mobilizing phenolic metabolites under conditions of iron deficiency. We provide evidence that BGLU42 is required for their release into the rhizosphere.

Together, this work highlights a thus far unidentified link between the ability of beneficial rhizobacteria to stimulate systemic immunity and mechanisms induced by iron deficiency in host plants.
A Systematic Review on the Affordability of a Healthful Diet for Families in the United States
Authors: Horning Melissa L. , Fulkerson Jayne A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectivesAs obesity rates remain alarmingly high, the importance of healthful diets is emphasized; however, affordability of such diets is disputed. Market basket surveys (MBSs) investigate the affordability of diets for families that meet minimum daily dietary requirements using actual food prices from grocery stores. This review paper describes the methods of MBSs, summarizes methodology, price and affordability findings, limitations, and suggests related policy and practice implications.Design and SampleThis is a systematic review of 16 MBSs performed in the United States from 1985 to 2012. A comprehensive multidisciplinary database search strategy was used to identify articles meeting inclusion criteria.ResultsResults indicated MBS methodology varied across studies and price data indicated healthful diets for families are likely unaffordable when purchased from small‐ to medium‐sized stores and may be unaffordable in larger stores when compared to the Thrifty Food Plan.ConclusionsUsing a social ecological approach, public health nurses and all public health professionals are prime advocates for increased affordability of healthful foods. This study includes policy advocacy, particularly in support of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits for low‐income families. Future research implications are provided, including methodological recommendations for consistency and quality of forthcoming MBS research.
Repeating pulmonary rehabilitation: Prevalence, predictors and outcomes
Authors: Heng Hazel , Lee Annemarie L. , Holland Anne E. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractBackground and objectivePulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a cornerstone of care in chronic respiratory diseases; yet its benefits diminish over time. Repeating PR may be beneficial; however, little is known about the characteristics and outcomes of repeaters. This study aimed to establish the proportion of repeaters, identify characteristics that predict repetition and compare the magnitude of benefits achieved between initial and subsequent programmes.MethodsPatients with stable chronic respiratory diseases who attended PR over a 9‐year period were included. Outcome measures included the 6‐min walk distance (6MWD) and the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire‐Self‐Reported (CRDQ‐SR). Independent predictors of repeating were identified.ResultsOf 296 patients, 59 (20%) repeated PR, most within 1–3 years. Following the initial programme, repeaters had significant decline in 6MWD (−96.1 ± 84.6 m; P < 0.001) and CRDQ‐SR scores (mean decline −3.6 points, range −0.1 to −7.9 points; P < 0.005). The improvement in 6MWD was less in the repeat programme compared with the first (38.4 ± 50.7 m vs 67 ± 40.4 m; P = 0.005), while the change in CRDQ‐SR was similar in all domains. A chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis increased the odds of repeating PR (odds ratio (OR) 4.8; P = 0.005) while improved mastery in the initial programme reduced the odds (OR 0.9; P = 0.033).ConclusionsOne in five patients repeated PR, achieving clinically significant improvements in exercise tolerance and quality of life. Patients with small improvements in disease mastery after initial PR were more likely to repeat the programme and may benefit from earlier intervention or longer duration PR.
Is the incidence of malignancy increased in patients with sarcoidosis? A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ungprasert Patompong , Srivali Narat , Wijarnpreecha Karn , Thongprayoon Charat , Cheungpasitporn Wisit , Knight Eric L. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractA possible causal relationship between sarcoidosis and malignancy has been the subject of debates for decades. To better understand this association, we conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis of cohort studies that reported relative risk, hazard ratio or standardized incidence ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) comparing the incidence of malignancy in patients with sarcoidosis versus non‐sarcoidosis participants. Pooled risk ratios (RR) and 95% CI were calculated using a random‐effect, generic inverse variance methodology. Five studies were identified and included in our data analyses. The pooled RR of malignancy in patients with sarcoidosis was 1.21 (95% CI: 1.04–1.40). However, when we performed a sensitivity analysis that included only studies that compared the incidence of malignancy after the first year of the diagnosis of sarcoidosis with the incidence of malignancy after the first year of index date for non‐sarcoidosis controls, the pooled risk ratio decreased and did not reach statistical significance (RR 1.13, 95% CI: 0.97–1.32). Furthermore, analysis for publication bias has suggested that publication bias in favour of positive studies may be present. In conclusion, after accounting for possible detection bias and publication bias, there does not appear be a significant association between sarcoidosis and malignancy.
Media and Disasters: Demarcating an Emerging and Interdisciplinary Area of Research
Authors: Joye Stijn 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the research and literature on media and disasters. Drawing on the central idea of a disaster as a social and media construction, I identify this young and rapidly emerging body of research as an inherent interdisciplinary area that has attracted the interest of many disciplines within social sciences. A first section of the article focuses on a characterization of (mediated) disasters and the question of academic relevance. Second, I adopt a historical perspective to reflect on issues of disciplinary concern, followed by an outline of the contemporary body of literature. In the final section, directions to advance future research on media and disasters are discussed.
The Role of Organized Labor in Civil Society
Authors: Brueggemann John 
Published: August 2014

AbstractOrganized labor has served as a valuable element of civil society. The focus of this inquiry is how the decline of organized labor contributes to the weakening of the civil sphere. I first assess how unions have historically contributed to the positive functions of civil society. I then review the various factors that have led to the deterioration of organized labor and comment on the current state of the labor movement. I conclude with a discussion of the implications in terms of civil society and market culture.
Green Consumption and Social Change: Debates over Responsibility, Private Action, and Access
Authors: Lorenzen Janet A. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAttempting to influence everyday consumer practices is an increasingly popular strategy used to address environmental problems and further social change. This article focuses on exploring the controversial topic of green consumption, a growing area of study that brings together multiple disciplines including environmental sociology and the sociology of consumers and consumption. The article begins with a summary of the literature on green consumption and is then organized around three debates over how green consumption contributes to, or fails to contribute to, social and environmental change. The first debate is over locating responsibility for carbon dioxide emissions, the main contributor to greenhouse gases and climate change. The second debate considers what average people are doing to help address environmental problems. The third debate is about access to green consumption. Should policies work to increase access to greener products and efficient technologies for everyone or does the question of access push aside questions of inequality (race, class, and gender) and sufficiency (how much is enough)? These debates, in different ways, attempt to address the broader question of how social change happens and what we should do to support it.
Hematologic findings predictive of bone marrow disease in dogs with multicentric large‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Graff Emily C. , Spangler Elizabeth A. , Smith Annette , Denhere Melody , Brauss Minerva 
Published: August 2014

BackgroundEvaluation of the bone marrow is needed for complete staging in dogs with multicentric large‐cell lymphoma, but is often omitted in clinical practice.ObjectivesThe objective was to determine if routine peripheral blood findings, including microscopic evaluation of blood smears, can predict the presence of bone marrow involvement in dogs with lymphoma.MethodsHematologic data including evaluation of blood smears and bone marrow aspirates from 107 dogs newly diagnosed with large‐cell lymphoma were retrospectively evaluated. Neoplastic lymphocytes were identified based on cell size, nuclear size, chromatin pattern, and the presence of nucleoli. Positive specimens were defined as having ≥ 10% neoplastic lymphocytes. Two groups were established based on the presence or absence of lymphoma in the bone marrow. Variables (positive blood smear, HCT, platelet count, and total and differential WBC counts) were evaluated to determine if they were predictive of bone marrow involvement using univariate and multivariate logistic models.ResultsThrombocytopenia and the presence of > 10% neoplastic lymphocytes on blood smears were identified as significant variables for predicting the presence of bone marrow involvement. When considered independently, either a positive blood smear or thrombocytopenia had low sensitivity (60%) and moderate specificity (89% and 87%, respectively). Sensitivity increased when these variables were evaluated together (80%).ConclusionsIn dogs with multicentric large‐cell lymphoma, thrombocytopenia or the presence of neoplastic lymphocytes in circulation is suggestive of bone marrow involvement, but not definitive. Normal peripheral blood findings do not exclude the possibility of lymphoma in the bone marrow.
Bilateral lens luxation and intracapsular lens extractions in a Matshchie's tree kangaroo
Authors: McLean Nancy Johnstone , Zimmerman Ralph 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAn adult, female, captive, Matshchie's tree kangaroo was diagnosed with an anterior lens luxation in the right eye and a lens subluxation in the left eye. Both eyes were treated surgically with intracapsular lens extractions. A 360° rhegmatogenous retinal detachment was diagnosed 6 months postoperatively in the left eye. Aphakic vision was maintained in the right eye 9 months postoperatively. Based on family history and the lack of antecedent ocular disease, the lens luxations were presumed to be inherited and veterinarians should be aware of this condition within the captive tree kangaroo population.
Effect of segmentation algorithms on the performance of computerized detection of lung nodules in CT
Authors: Guo Wei , Li Qiang 
Published: August 2014

Purpose:The purpose of this study is to reveal how the performance of lung nodule segmentation algorithm impacts the performance of lung nodule detection, and to provide guidelines for choosing an appropriate segmentation algorithm with appropriate parameters in a computer‐aided detection (CAD) scheme.Methods:The database consisted of 85 CT scans with 111 nodules of 3 mm or larger in diameter from the standard CT lung nodule database created by the Lung Image Database Consortium. The initial nodule candidates were identified as those with strong response to a selective nodule enhancement filter. A uniform viewpoint reformation technique was applied to a three‐dimensional nodule candidate to generate 24 two‐dimensional (2D) reformatted images, which would be used to effectively distinguish between true nodules and false positives. Six different algorithms were employed to segment the initial nodule candidates in the 2D reformatted images. Finally, 2D features from the segmented areas in the 24 reformatted images were determined, selected, and classified for removal of false positives. Therefore, there were six similar CAD schemes, in which only the segmentation algorithms were different. The six segmentation algorithms included the fixed thresholding (FT), Otsu thresholding (OTSU), fuzzy C‐means (FCM), Gaussian mixture model (GMM), Chan and Vese model (CV), and local binary fitting (LBF). The mean Jaccard index and the mean absolute distance (Dmean) were employed to evaluate the performance of segmentation algorithms, and the number of false positives at a fixed sensitivity was employed to evaluate the performance of the CAD schemes.Results:For the segmentation algorithms of FT, OTSU, FCM, GMM, CV, and LBF, the highest mean Jaccard index between the segmented nodule and the ground truth were 0.601, 0.586, 0.588, 0.563, 0.543, and 0.553, respectively, and the corresponding Dmean were 1.74, 1.80, 2.32, 2.80, 3.48, and 3.18 pixels, respectively. With these segmentation results of the six segmentation algorithms, the six CAD schemes reported 4.4, 8.8, 3.4, 9.2, 13.6, and 10.4 false positives per CT scan at a sensitivity of 80%.Conclusions:When multiple algorithms are available for segmenting nodule candidates in a CAD scheme, the “optimal” segmentation algorithm did not necessarily lead to the “optimal” CAD detection performance.
Synthesis of Metallo-β-Lactamase VIM-2 Is Associated with a Fitness Reduction in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Cordeiro Nicolás F. , Chabalgoity José A. , Yim Lucía , Vignoli Rafael 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Antibiotic resistance, especially due to β-lactamases, has become one of the main obstacles in the correct treatment of
Salmonella
infections; furthermore, antibiotic resistance determines a gain of function that may encompass a biological cost, or fitness reduction, to the resistant bacteria. The aim of this work was to determine
in vitro
if the production of the class B β-lactamase VIM-2 determined a fitness cost for
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium. To that end the gene
bla
VIM-2
was cloned into the virulent strain
S
. Typhimurium SL1344, using both the tightly regulated pBAD22 vector and the natural plasmid pST12, for inducible and constitutive expression, respectively. Fitness studies were performed by means of motility, growth rate, invasiveness in epithelial cells, and plasmid stability. The expression of
bla
VIM-2
was accompanied by alterations in micro- and macroscopic morphology and reduced growth rate and motility, as well as diminished invasiveness in epithelial cells. These results suggest that VIM-2 production entails a substantial fitness cost for
S
. Typhimurium, which in turn may account for the extremely low number of reports of metallo-β-lactamase-producing
Salmonella
spp.
Triclosan Can Select for an AdeIJK-Overexpressing Mutant of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 17978 That Displays Reduced Susceptibility to Multiple Antibiotics
Authors: Fernando Dinesh M. , Xu Wayne , Loewen Peter C. , Zhanel George G. , Kumar Ayush 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

In order to determine if triclosan can select for mutants of
Acinetobacter baumannii
ATCC 17978 that display reduced susceptibilities to antibiotics, we isolated a triclosan-resistant mutant,
A. baumannii
AB042, by serial passaging of
A. baumannii
ATCC 17978 in growth medium supplemented with triclosan. The antimicrobial susceptibility of AB042 was analyzed by the 2-fold serial dilution method. Expression of five different resistance-nodulation-division (RND) pump-encoding genes (
adeB
,
adeG
,
adeJ
,
A1S
_
2818
, and
A1S
_
3217
), two outer membrane porin-encoding genes (
carO
and
oprD
), and the MATE family pump-encoding gene
abeM
was analyzed using quantitative reverse transcriptase (qRT) PCR.
A. baumannii
AB042 exhibited elevated resistance to multiple antibiotics, including piperacillin-tazobactam, doxycycline, moxifloxacin, ceftriaxone, cefepime, meropenem, doripenem, ertapenem, ciprofloxacin, aztreonam, tigecycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, in addition to triclosan. Genome sequencing of
A. baumannii
AB042 revealed a
116
G→V mutation in
fabI
, the gene encoding the target enzyme for triclosan. Expression analysis of efflux pumps showed overexpression of the AdeIJK pump, and sequencing of
adeN
, the gene that encodes the repressor of the
adeIJK
operon, revealed a 73-bp deletion which would cause a premature termination of translation, resulting in an inactive truncated AdeN protein. This work shows that triclosan can select for mutants of
A. baumannii
that display reduced susceptibilities to multiple antibiotics from chemically distinct classes in addition to triclosan resistance. This multidrug resistance can be explained by the overexpression of the AdeIJK efflux pump.
Genetic and Kinetic Characterization of the Novel AmpC β-Lactamases DHA-6 and DHA-7
Authors: Pérez-Llarena Francisco José , Zamorano Laura , Kerff Frédéric , Beceiro Alejandro , García Patricia , Miró Elisenda , Larrosa Nieves , Gómez-Bertomeu Frederic , Méndez José Antonio , González-López Juan José , Oliver Antonio , Galleni Moreno , Navarro Ferran , Bou Germán 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

During a Spanish surveillance study, two natural variants of DHA β-lactamases, DHA-6 and DHA-7, were found, with the replacements Ala226Thr and Phe322Ser, respectively, with respect to DHA-1. The DHA-6 and DHA-7 enzymes were isolated from
Escherichia coli
and
Enterobacter cloacae
clinical isolates, respectively. The aim of this study was to genetically, microbiologically, and biochemically characterize the DHA-6 and DHA-7 β-lactamases. The
bla
DHA-6
and
bla
DHA-7
genes were located in the I1 and HI2 incompatibility group plasmids of 87.3 and 310.4 kb, respectively. The genetic contexts of
bla
DHA-6
and
bla
DHA-7
were similar to that already described for the
bla
DHA-1
gene and included the
qnrB4
and
aadA
genes. The MICs for cephalothin, aztreonam, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime were 8- to 32-fold lower for DHA-6 than for DHA-1 or DHA-7 expressed in the same isogenic
E. coli
TG1 strain. Interestingly, the MIC for cefoxitin was higher in the DHA-6-expressing transformant than in DHA-1 or DHA-7. Biochemical studies with pure β-lactamases revealed slightly lower catalytic efficiencies of DHA-6 against cephalothin, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime than those of DHA-1 and DHA-7. To understand this behavior, stability experiments were carried out and showed that the DHA-6 protein displayed significantly higher stability than the DHA-1 and DHA-7 enzymes. The proximity of Thr226 to the N terminus in the tertiary protein structure in DHA-6 may promote this stabilization and, consequently, may induce a slight reduction in the dynamic of this enzyme that primarily affects the hydrolysis of some of the bulkiest antibiotics.