bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Love and Liturgy
Authors: Cuneo Terence 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFor two millennia Christians have assembled on the “day of the sun” to celebrate the liturgy together. But why do it? Why structure one's life in such a way that participation in ritualized religious activity is a fixed point in the weekly rhythm of one's comings and goings? The project of this essay is to identify reasons to engage in such activity that emanate from the Christian ethical vision. Fundamental to this vision is a contrast between an ethic of proximity, which enjoins us to attend to the needs of those near and dear, and an ethic of outwardness, which enjoins us to both attend to and open ourselves up to the needs of those who belong to various out‐groups. The Christian ethical vision enjoins an ethic of outwardness. A close look at the liturgies of the Eastern Christian tradition reveals the ways in which they express this ethic.
Directors' and Officers' Liability Insurance, Corporate Risk and Risk Taking: New Panel Data Evidence on The Role of Directors' and Officers' Liability Insurance
Authors: Boyer M. Martin , Tennyson Sharon 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTThis article develops and tests hypotheses regarding the relationship between directors’ and officers’ (D&O) insurance purchase and firm size, governance characteristics, and business risk, using a unique panel data set on Canadian firms for years 1996–2005. The data permit examination of the determinants of insurance pricing, ownership and coverage limits, and the effects of insurance on board characteristics and earnings management. Results using panel data methods and controlling for endogenous prices and endogenous selection into insurance ownership provide strong statistical evidence for the view that D&O insurance markets take corporate risk into account, but that insurance leads to greater risk taking.
GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND LEARNING DURING INFANCY
Authors: Gunnar Megan R. 
Published: October 2015

ABSTRACTIn this monograph titled “A Longitudinal Study of Infant Cortisol Response During Learning Events,” Laura A. Thompson, Gin Morgan, and Kellie A. Jurado describe the results of an important study of the associations between maternal sensitivity and adrenocortical activity as they influence infant learning over the first year of life. Although the researchers argue that the work can be understood from a stress framework, I disagree. However, I argue that overall what they have done is provide us with a set of findings that are quite provocative and add nicely to the archival literature on the role of maternal behavior and activity of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical system in early learning and memory.
Bortezomib for refractory acute antibody‐mediated rejection in kidney transplant recipients: A single‐centre case series
Authors: De Sousa‐Amorim Erika , Revuelta Ignacio , Diekmann Fritz , Cofan Frederic , Lozano Miquel , Cid Joan , Palou Eduard , Sole Manel , Campistol Josep María , Oppenheimer Federic 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimAcute antibody‐mediated rejection (ABMR) after kidney transplantation (KT) is associated with poor allograft survival. Current therapies for ABMR are able to deplete B‐lymphocytes but do not target plasma cells. Bortezomib is a proteasome inhibitor that can eliminate plasma cells and has demonstrated utility in the treatment of ABMR.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out from 2010 to 2014, including all patients with ABMR refractory to conventional treatment who received bortezomib. Bortezomib (1.3 mg/m2) was administered intravenously on days 1, 4, 8, and 11. Renal function, graft survival, follow‐up biopsies, and donor‐specific antibodies (DSA) were recorded.ResultsWe identified seven patients. Of these, high immunological risk was found in 6 of 7, preformed DSA were found in 5 of 7, flow cytometry crossmatch was positive in 4 of 7, and desensitization before KTx was provided in 6 of 7 patients. ABMR was diagnosed at a median of 90 days (8‐167) post‐KT. After bortezomib therapy, renal function improved or stabilized in 5 of 7 patients and progressively deteriorated in 2 of 7, leading to haemodialysis after 7 and 11 months, respectively. Follow‐up kidney biopsies showed persistence of ABMR in 2 of 7, chronic active ABMR 3 of 7 and inactive chronic lesions in 2 of 7. DSA titres significantly decreased after treatment (P = 0.028). All patients experienced mild adverse events. After a follow‐up of 22 ± 18 months, three grafts were lost (42%) and four remained functioning.ConclusionBortezomib could be useful as an adjuvant therapy for ABMR refractory to conventional treatment with acceptable mid‐term outcomes in these severe cases. More research is needed to develop strategies to better preserve graft function after refractory ABMR.
Auricular vagal nerve stimulation ameliorates burn‐induced gastric dysmotility via sympathetic‐COX‐2 pathways in rats
Authors: Li H. , Yin J. , Zhang Z. , Winston J. H. , Shi X.‐Z. , Chen J. D. Z. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundSevere burn injury has been demonstrated to delay gastric emptying. The aim of this study was to investigate effects and cellular mechanisms of auricular electroacupuncture (AEA) at the acupoints innervated by the auricular branch of vagus nerve on burn‐induced gastric dysmotility in rats.MethodsPropranolol (β‐adrenoceptor antagonist) was injected intraperitoneally after the rats underwent burn injury. All experiments were performed 6 h following burn/sham burn injury. AEA was performed at bilateral auricular acupoints for 45 min. Electrocardiogram was recorded for 30 min. Plasma hormones were measured; cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 expressions in gastric tissue were measured using western blotting and real‐time RT‐PCR.Key Results(i) Burn injury delayed gastric emptying (p = 0.006) and AEA increased gastric emptying by 49% (p = 0.045). (ii) Burn injury evoked a significant elevation in plasma noradrenaline, which was suppressed by AEA. (iii) Burn injury significantly increased protein and mRNA expressions of COX‐2 in gastric fundus and antrum. AEA suppressed burn‐induced increase in protein expressions, but not mRNA expressions of COX‐2.Conclusions & InferencesBurn injury delays gastric emptying by up‐regulating COX‐2 attributed to sympathetic overactivity. AEA improves burn‐induced delay in gastric emptying, possibly mediated via the sympathetic‐COX‐2 pathway.
X‐ray analysis of gastrointestinal motility in conscious mice. Effects of morphine and comparison with rats
Authors: Girón R. , Pérez‐García I. , Abalo R. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundNon‐invasive methods to study gastrointestinal (GI) motility are of high interest, particularly in chronic studies. Amongst these, radiographic techniques after contrast intragastric administration may offer many advantages. In previous studies, we have successfully and reproducibly applied these techniques together with a semiquantitative analysis method to characterize the effect of different drugs, acutely or repeatedly administered in rat models, but we have never before used these techniques in mice. These are very convenient in basic research. Our aim was to determine if our method is also valid in mice. Additionally, we determined the effect of morphine on GI motor function in both species.MethodsAnimals received an intraperitoneal administration of morphine (at 10 and 5 mg/kg for rats and mice, respectively). Twenty min later, barium contrast (at 2 g/mL) was gavaged (2.5 and 0.4 mL for rats and mice respectively) and serial X‐rays were obtained 0–8 h after contrast. X‐rays were analyzed as previously described, using a semiquantitative score to build motility curves for each GI region.Key ResultsMotility was much faster in mice than in rats for all GI regions. Morphine at the doses used significantly depressed motility in both species to a similar extent if the whole gut or the upper GI regions (stomach, small intestine) were considered, although its effect seemed to be more intense in the lower GI regions (caecum, colorectum) in rats than in mice.Conclusions & InferencesWe have validated our X‐rays method for its use in mice.
Is it time to confine Snellen charts to the annals of history?
Authors: Lovie‐Kitchin Jan E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPurposeA paper published by the author in 1988 in this journal provided some important findings about the lack of precision of visual acuity (VA) measures made with commonly used Snellen charts and the advantages of using letter charts designed using the principles proposed by Bailey and Lovie in 1976. That 1988 paper has been cited a number of times since, mostly supporting the findings. The purpose of this review is to examine the changes that have occurred in VA measurement in research and clinical practice since that earlier study.Recent findingsWhile precise measures of VA using Bailey–Lovie or ETDRS charts are now commonly used in major, multi‐centre research studies, it is disappointing to see that many research papers still report VA measured with Snellen charts and even use Snellen fractions, invalidly converted to logMAR notation, in parametric analyses of VA. Many studies have examined the test–retest variability (TRV) of VA measures in groups and individuals, but it is difficult to determine if clinicians or researchers determine patients’ individual TRVs to more accurately detect real changes in VA for each individual.SummaryThis paper summarises the findings of the 1988 study: (1) Snellen charts and VA notations are not appropriate for accurate clinical and research measures of VA; (2) Charts employing the Bailey–Lovie design principles should be used to provide precise measures of VA. (3) Test–retest variability should be used to determine the limit for detecting significant change in VA. This author suggests that it is time for Snellen charts, Snellen fractions and decimal notation to be confined to the teaching of the history of VA measurement. A request is also made to stop the use of the redundant term ‘best corrected’ VA (BCVA). Recommended procedures are given for precise measures of VA and accurately monitoring changes in VA in clinical practice and research.
Truth is not (Very) Intrinsically Valuable
Authors: Wrenn Chase B. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe might suppose it is not only instrumentally valuable for beliefs to be true, but that it isintrinsicallyvaluable – truth makes a non‐derivative, positive contribution to a belief's overall value. Some intrinsic goods are better than others, though, and this article considers the question ofhow goodtruth is, compared to other intrinsic goods. I argue that truth is the worst of all intrinsic goods; every other intrinsic good is better than it. I also suggest the best explanation for truth's inferiority is that it is not really an intrinsic good at all. It is intrinsically neutral.
Child Poverty and Ecological Contexts of Deprivation and Well‐being: A Critical Review of Budgeting and Social Policy in India
Authors: Nakray Keerty 
Published: October 2015

AbstractIn the context of global developments in the measurement of child poverty, this article critiques the limited success of the Indian government to develop a comprehensive social policy approach to address multi‐faceted deprivation suffered by Indian children. Since independence in 1947, Indian governments have focused on childhood deprivation through various programmes to improve food security, education and health. However, these programmes have functioned in siloes without any linkages to each other, along with poor budgetary commitment which has resulted in sub‐optimal policy outcomes. Based on the theoretical approaches of Amartya Sen's capability approach and Townsend's consensual approach to poverty measurement, this article highlights the intrinsic importance of child well‐being to society. To achieve its objectives, the article is organized into four main parts. First, the article provides an overview of Indian children's deprivation and poverty, and the policy approach. Second, it provides conceptual advancements globally on the measurement of child poverty and deprivation. Third, it highlights the importance of utilizing these indicators to measure child poverty in the Indian context. Fourth, it concludes with a critical analysis of children's budgets and social policy in India to highlight that the Indian government's approach towards child well‐being is not only conceptually flawed, but that its commitment is extremely poor.
Evaluation of community‐based treatment for drug‐resistant tuberculosis in Bangladesh
Authors: Cavanaugh Joseph S. , Kurbatova Ekaterina , Alami Negar N. , Mangan Joan , Sultana Zinia , Ahmed Shahriar , Begum Vikarunessa , Sultana Sabera , Daru Paul , Ershova Julia , Golubkov Alexander , Banu Sayera , Heffelfinger James D. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveDrug‐resistant tuberculosis (TB) threatens global TB control because it is difficult to diagnose and treat. Community‐based programmatic management of drug‐resistant TB (cPMDT) has made therapy easier for patients, but data on these models are scarce. Bangladesh initiated cPMDT in 2012, and in 2013, we sought to evaluate programme performance.MethodsIn this retrospective review, we abstracted demographic, clinical, microbiologic and treatment outcome data for all patients enrolled in the cPMDT programme over 6 months in three districts of Bangladesh. We interviewed a convenience sample of patients about their experience in the programme.ResultsChart review was performed on 77 patients. Sputum smears and cultures were performed, on average, once every 1.35 and 1.36 months, respectively. Among 74 initially culture‐positive patients, 70 (95%) converted their cultures and 69 (93%) patients converted the cultures before the sixth month. Fifty‐two (68%) patients had evidence of screening for adverse events. We found written documentation of musculoskeletal complaints for 16 (21%) patients, gastrointestinal adverse events for 16 (21%), hearing loss for eight (10%) and psychiatric events for four (5%) patients; conversely, on interview of 60 patients, 55 (92%) reported musculoskeletal complaints, 54 (90%) reported nausea, 36 (60%) reported hearing loss, and 36 (60%) reported psychiatric disorders.ConclusionsThe cPMDT programme in Bangladesh appears to be programmatically feasible and clinically effective; however, inadequate monitoring of adverse events raises some concern. As the programme is brought to scale nationwide, renewed efforts at monitoring adverse events should be prioritised.
Consent in clinical practice
Authors: Treharne Alan , Beattie Bryan 
Published: October 2015

Key content

This article reviews the best practice for taking written consent for elective procedures.

This article reviews the best practice for taking consent in an emergency situation and examines the up‐to‐date advice from several professional bodies and provides clarity on the legal position.

What constitutes capacity and the role of the Mental Health Act, the Mental Capacity Act and the Court of Protection?

Considerations for capacity and labour.

Treating the unconscious patient.

A look at some examples of case law relevant to obstetrics and gynaecology that have formed the basis of core legal arguments.

Learning objectives

To understand the importance of informed choice and consent.

To be familiar with the most recent professional advice.

Ethical issues

Maintaining patient autonomy in complex clinical situations.
Do Remittances Facilitate a Sustainable Current Account?
Authors: Hassan Gazi M. , Holmes Mark J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe examine how workers' remittances impact on the current account. In doing so, we focus on how remittances affect the sustainability rather than the size of current account balances. We find that the presence of remittances makes it more likely that exports and imports are cointegrated, thereby lending support to current account sustainability. Furthermore, quantile regression analysis suggests that increased remittances are associated with a faster speed of current account adjustment towards long‐run equilibrium, particularly for those countries characterised by already highly persistent current account balances. In contrast to a literature that emphasises an adverse Dutch disease impact of workers' remittances on the real exchange rate in terms of reduced external competitiveness, our findings suggest that remittances are actually beneficial to the current account balance.
Accuracy and precision of oscillometric blood pressure in standing conscious horses
Authors: Olsen Emil , Pedersen Tilde Louise Skovgaard , Robinson Rebecca , Haubro Andersen Pia 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundArterial blood pressure (BP) is a relevant clinical parameter that can be measured in standing conscious horses to assess tissue perfusion or pain. However, there are no validated oscillometric noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) devices for use in horses.AnimalsSeven healthy horses from a teaching and research herd.Hypothesis/ObjectiveTo evaluate the accuracy and precision of systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in conscious horses obtained with an oscillometric NIBP device when compared to invasively measured arterial BP.MethodsAn arterial catheter was placed in the facial or transverse facial artery and connected to a pressure transducer. A cuff for NIBP was placed around the tail base. The BP was recorded during normotension, dobutamine‐induced hypertension, and subnormal BP induced by acepromazine administration. Agreement analysis with replicate measures was utilized to calculate bias (accuracy) and standard deviation (SD) of bias (precision).ResultsA total of 252 pairs of invasive arterial BP and NIBP measurements were analyzed. Compared to the direct BP measures, the NIBP MAP had an accuracy of −4 mm Hg and precision of 10 mm Hg. SAP had an accuracy of −8 mm Hg and a precision of 17 mm Hg and DAP had an accuracy of −7 mm Hg and a precision of 14 mm Hg.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceMAP from the evaluated NIBP monitor is accurate and precise in the adult horse across a range of BP, with higher variability during subnormal BP. MAP but not SAP or DAP can be used for clinical decision making in the conscious horse.
Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Plate Contouring and Proximal Load Screw Angulation Affect Osteotomy Compression
Authors: Mathis Karl R. , Roe Simon C. , Johnson Kenneth A. 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of contouring a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) plate, the associated angulation of the dynamic compression plate (DCP) hole relative to the long axis of the tibia, and angulation of the screw relative to the DCP hole on the osteotomy compression generated by load screws in a TPLO model.Study DesignIn vitro biomechanical study.Study PopulationPolyoxymethylene (POM) rod and synthetic cortical bone substitute model (n = 9).MethodsThe distal portion of a Slocum TPLO plate was attached to a horizontally positioned POM rod that was connected to a load cell. A segment of synthetic cortical bone substitute was attached to the end mount of the testing frame and adjusted to conform to the angle of the proximal portion of the TPLO plate. A 3.5 mm cortical bone screw was inserted in the proximal DCP hole and tightened to 1.5 Nm. The peak longitudinal load (N) was recorded. Screw insertion and data collection were repeated for proximal plate angles of 0−40° at 5° increments.ResultsA significant increase in the compression generated was observed as the plate angle was increased from 0° to 10°. The compression ceased to significantly increase until the plate was bent more than 20°, after which a significant decrease in compression was noted. A marked reduction in the compression generated occurred at plate angles greater than 30°.ConclusionAngulation of the DCP hole and screw insertion angle can have deleterious effects on the magnitude of osteotomy compression.
POLYETHERETHERKETONE/HYDROXYAPATITE BIOCOMPOSITES COMPOUNDED VIA NANO-MIXER SINGLE SCREW EXTRUDER: THERMAL AND CHARACTERIZATION
Authors: Rashidi Ahmad Ramli , Wahit Mat Uzir , Abdullah Mohamed Ruslan , Abdul Kadir Mohammed Rafiq 
Published: October 2015

The aim of this study is to produce polyetheretherketone/hydroxyapatite (PEEK/HA) biocomposite using a nano-mixer single screw extruder. The use of a special design compounding machine, nano-mixer single screw extruder as a processing route could probably induce PEEK/HA composite with uniform compounding. Thermal testing and characterization were conducted to obtain information concerning the effects of single screw on the thermal properties and compounding characteristic. From this study, TGA analysis showed a minimal loss of weight for all composite samples up to 500oC and above this temperature, the decomposition occured for PEEK/HA composite. Significant change in crystallinity was observed from DSC study of this composite where the increase in HA content was proportional to the crystalline structure in the composite. Apart from that, XRD measurement showed that HA was successfully embodied into PEEK matrix as the peak of intensity increased proportionally with the increase in HA content.
SHAPE MEMORY INVESTIGATION OF SMART CAMAR LOGO USING NITI ALLOY WIRE
Authors: Shuhaimi Muhammad Safwan , Abd. Hamid Nubailah , Razali Rosliza , Ismail Muhammad Hussain 
Published: October 2015

This project is investigates of NiTi shape memory alloy for simple smart application. The shape memory effect (SME) is attributed from the reversible phase transformation when subjected to stress and temperature. In this study, a small model of CAMAR logo was designed to mimic the shape memory effect. Three samples of wire were investigated; (i) Austenitic NiTi (ii) Martensitic NiTi and (iii) commercial plain carbon steel. The reversible austenite to martensite transformation of the NiTi wire was investigated by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at temperatures ranging from -50 and 200oC. The wire was shaped into CAMAR logo using a mould and then heated at 500°C for 30 minutes in a high temperature furnace. To observe the shape effect recovery, the wire was straighten and reheated in warm water at different temperatures. Results showed that the austenitic wire exhibited complete shape memory recovery after heated at temperature approximately 35°C and 80°C. For the martensitic wire, complete recovery was only observed when the water temperature was ~ 80°C and no recovery was observed at ~30°C. This recovery effect was significantly influenced by the reversible phase transformation temperatures (PTTs) which attributed from the Austenite finish (Af) temperature.
SILICON CARBIDE FORMATION FROM NATURAL WOODS
Authors: Hyie Koay Mei , Muda Siti Sajidah , Md Elias Husna , Abdul Rahman Noor Leha , Kalam Anizah 
Published: October 2015

Processing of cellular ceramics with anisotropic pore structure by using silicon infiltration into carbonized template was investigated. Biomorphic silicon carbide (bioSiC) was produced by using two different types of natural woods which are Kapur and Dark Red Meranti. Carbon template was produced from a pyrolysis process followed by an infiltration process of melting silicon to produce bioSiC. The samples were dried in an oven in order to remove the moisture of the samples. The pyrolysis was done in two stages at a temperature of 500°C followed by 850°C. This study was to investigate the effect of infiltration temperature in the formation of SiC composites. Two different infiltration temperatures of 1500°C and 1600°C were used with constant holding time of 1 hour. The characteristic of the biomorphic silicon carbide was analyzed using the TGA, FESEM and EDX analysis. A wide variety of microstructures, densities and porosities were found depending on the type of wood used. Instead of carbon, it was found that both woods also reacted with nitrogen gas, which reduced the formation of SiC. The density of samples was increased as the working temperature increased. Dark Red Meranti was found to be denser and exhibit higher porosity than Kapur due to the higher formation of SiC.