bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All on Four® Fixed Implant Support Rehabilitation: A Masticatory Function Study
Authors: De Rossi Moara , Santos Carla Moreto , Migliorança Reginaldo , Regalo Simone Cecílio Hallak 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundFixed implant‐supported prostheses according to All‐on‐Four® (Nobel Biocare, Goteborg, Sweden) principles have become an accepted treatment modality in totally edentulous patients, whereas the functional effect of this therapy is limited.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the muscular function of patients totally rehabilitated with All‐on‐Four.Materials and MethodsThis study evaluated 63 patients. Twenty‐one patients were successfully rehabilitated with maxillary and mandibular All‐on‐Four (no dropout implants, satisfactory aesthetic and function demands prosthesis), 21 patients were dentate, and 21 were rehabilitated with double complete dentures. Electromyography was carried out during clenching, nonhabitual and habitual chewing, and rest. All values were standardized as percentage of a maximum voluntary contraction. Data were analyzed by ANOVA to compare groups and paired t‐test was used for comparison between sides within each group.ResultsAll groups presented symmetric muscular activity. The All‐on‐Four and dentate groups had a similar muscles surface electromyography (sEMG) contraction pattern, that is, a higher sEMG activity of masseter than temporalis muscles, differing (p ≤ .05) from those of denture group. Not one statistical difference was found between All‐on‐Four and dentate groups.ConclusionThe muscular function similarity of All‐on‐Four and dentate patients shows that this treatment concept may be considered as a good option for oral rehabilitation in edentulous patients.
Ghostnet impacts on globally threatened turtles, a spatial risk analysis for northern Australia
Authors: Wilcox C. , Hardesty B.D. , Sharples R. , Griffin D.A. , Lawson T.J. , Gunn R. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAs human population growth continues, so too does our waste, often with unintended consequences for wildlife. The estimated 640,000 tons of fishing gear lost, abandoned, or discarded annually exerts a large but uncertain impact on marine species. These “ghostnets” drift in the ocean and can fish unattended for decades (ghost fishing), killing huge numbers of commercially valuable or threatened species. We developed an integrated analysis combining physical models of oceanic drift with ecological data on marine turtle species distribution and vulnerability to make quantitative predictions of threat. Using data from beach cleanups and fisheries in northern Australia, we assessed this biodiversity threat in an area where high densities of ghostnets encounter globally threatened turtles. Entanglement risk is well‐predicted by our model, as verified by independent strandings data. We identified a number of previously unknown high‐risk areas. We are also able to recommend efficient locations for surveillance and interception of abandoned fishing gear. Our work points the way forward for understanding the global threat from marine debris and making predictions that can guide regulation, enforcement, and conservation action.
Platelet count predicts cardiovascular mortality in very elderly patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Goliasch Georg , Forster Stefan , El‐Hamid Feras , Sulzgruber Patrick , Meyer Nicolai , Siostrzonek Peter , Maurer Gerald , Niessner Alexander 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe prognosis of elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is poor, and information on specific risk factors remains scarce. The aim of our study was to assess the influence of platelet count on cardiovascular mortality in very elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (≥ 85 years of age).MethodsWe identified 208 elderly AMI patients and compared the platelet count with 208 matched young AMI patients (≤ 65 years) and 208 matched intermediate age AMI patients (66–84 years) who derived from the same cohort.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 4·7 years, 25% of patients (n = 156) died of cardiovascular causes (97 very elderly, 46 intermediate age and 13 young age patients). We detected a mean platelet count of 227G/l (SD ± 83) in very elderly AMI patients, of 236G/l (SD ± 78) in the intermediate AMI group and of 254G/l (SD ± 79) in 208 young AMI patients (anova P = 0·002). We revealed a significant interaction between age and platelet count with regard to cardiovascular mortality (p for interaction = 0·014). Platelet count displayed a significant risk transformation from an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in very elderly AMI patients (adj. hazard ratio (HR) per 1‐SD increase 1·25;95%CI 1·02–1·54;P = 0·028), via displaying no association with mortality in the intermediate age group (P = 0·10), to a strong inverse association in young patients (adj. HR 0·36;95%CI 0·18–0·68;P = 0·002).ConclusionOur study demonstrates an independent association between elevated platelet count and long‐term cardiovascular mortality in the growing and vulnerable group of very elderly AMI patients. Nevertheless, the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying this age‐dependent effect have to be further clarified.
Context‐specific protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) signalling in prostate cancer
Authors: Zheng Yu , Tyner Angela L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundProtein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) is an intracellular tyrosine kinase that is distantly related toSRCfamily kinases.PTK6 is nuclear in normal prostate epithelia, but nuclear localization is lost in prostate tumours. Increased expression ofPTK6 is detected in human prostate cancer, especially at metastatic stages, and in other types of cancers, including breast, colon, head and neck cancers, and serous carcinoma of the ovary.Materials and methodsPotential novel substrates ofPTK6 identified by mass spectrometry were validatedin vitro. The significance ofPTK6‐induced phosphorylation of these substrates was addressed using human prostate cell lines by knockdown of endogenousPTK6 or overexpression of targetedPTK6 to different intracellular compartments.ResultsWe identifiedAKT, p130CASand focal adhesion kinase (FAK) as novelPTK6 substrates and demonstrated their roles in promoting cell proliferation, migration and resistance to anoikis. In prostate cancer cells, activePTK6 is primarily associated with membrane compartments, although the majority of totalPTK6 is localized within the cytoplasm. Ectopic expression of membrane‐targetedPTK6 transforms immortalized fibroblasts. Knockdown of endogenous cytoplasmicPTK6 inPC3 prostate cancer cells impairs proliferation, migration and anoikis resistance. However, re‐introduction ofPTK6 into the nucleus significantly decreases cell proliferation, suggesting context‐specific functions for nuclearPTK6.ConclusionsIn human prostate cancer, elevatedPTK6 expression, translocation ofPTK6 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and its activation at the plasma membrane contribute to increased phosphorylation and activation of its substrates such asAKT, p130CASandFAK, thereby promoting prostate cancer progression.
Favorable outcome with doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy and radiotherapy for adult patients with early stage primary systemic anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Zhang Xi‐Mei , Li Ye‐Xiong , Wang Wei‐Hu , Jin Jing , Wang Shu‐Lian , Liu Yue‐Ping , Song Yong‐Wen , Ren Hua , Fang Hui , Zhou Li‐Qiang , Chen Bo , Qi Shu‐Nan , Liu Qing‐Feng , Lu Ning‐Ning , Liu Xin‐Fan , Yu Zi‐Hao 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze outcomes in adult patients with early stage systemic anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma (ALCL) treated with doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Forty‐six adult patients with early stage systemic ALCL received chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. All patients except two received chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) or a CHOP‐like regimen. Twenty patients had stage I disease, and 26 patients had stage II disease. The 5‐yr overall survival (OS), progression‐free survival (PFS), and local control rates for all patients were 84.4%, 63.6%, and 90.8%, respectively. The 5‐yr OS and PFS rates were 95.0% and 77.4% for Ann Arbor stage I disease, and 75.1% and 51.7% for stage II disease, respectively. Lymph node involvement was the main pattern of disease progression or relapse for these patients. Adult patients with early stage systemic ALCL treated with doxorubicin‐based chemotherapy and radiotherapy had a favorable prognosis.
Musicians show general enhancement of complex sound encoding and better inhibition of irrelevant auditory change in music: anERPstudy
Authors: Kaganovich Natalya , Kim Jihyun , Herring Caryn , Schumaker Jennifer , MacPherson Megan , Weber‐Fox Christine 
Published: January 2013

AbstractUsing electrophysiology, we have examined two questions in relation to musical training – namely, whether it enhances sensory encoding of the human voice and whether it improves the ability to ignore irrelevant auditory change. Participants performed an auditory distraction task, in which they identified each sound as either short (350 ms) or long (550 ms) and ignored a change in timbre of the sounds. Sounds consisted of a male and a female voice saying a neutral sound [a], and of a cello and a French Horn playing an F3 note. In some blocks, musical sounds occurred on 80% of trials, while voice sounds on 20% of trials. In other blocks, the reverse was true. Participants heard naturally recorded sounds in half of experimental blocks and their spectrally‐rotated versions in the other half. Regarding voice perception, we found that musicians had a larger N1 event‐related potential component not only to vocal sounds but also to their never before heard spectrally‐rotated versions. We therefore conclude that musical training is associated with a general improvement in the early neural encoding of complex sounds. Regarding the ability to ignore irrelevant auditory change, musicians' accuracy tended to suffer less from the change in timbre of the sounds, especially when deviants were musical notes. This behavioral finding was accompanied by a marginally larger re‐orienting negativity in musicians, suggesting that their advantage may lie in a more efficient disengagement of attention from the distracting auditory dimension.
Napping to renew learning capacity: enhanced encoding after stimulation of sleep slow oscillations
Authors: Antonenko Daria , Diekelmann Susanne , Olsen Cathrin , Born Jan , Mölle Matthias 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAs well as consolidating memory, sleep has been proposed to serve a second important function for memory, i.e. to free capacities for the learning of new information during succeeding wakefulness. The slow wave activity (SWA) that is a hallmark of slow wave sleep could be involved in both functions. Here, we aimed to demonstrate a causative role for SWA in enhancing the capacity for encoding of information during subsequent wakefulness, using transcranial slow oscillation stimulation (tSOS) oscillating at 0.75 Hz to induce SWA in healthy humans during an afternoon nap. Encoding following the nap was tested for hippocampus‐dependent declarative materials (pictures, word pairs, and word lists) and procedural skills (finger sequence tapping). As compared with a sham stimulation control condition, tSOS during the nap enhanced SWA and significantly improved subsequent encoding on all three declarative tasks (picture recognition, cued recall of word pairs, and free recall of word lists), whereas procedural finger sequence tapping skill was not affected. Our results indicate that sleep SWA enhances the capacity for encoding of declarative materials, possibly by down‐scaling hippocampal synaptic networks that were potentiated towards saturation during the preceding period of wakefulness.
Quantifying multivariate plasticity: genetic variation in resource acquisition drives plasticity in resource allocation to components of life history
Authors: Robinson Matthew R. , Beckerman Andrew P. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAcquisition and allocation of resources are central to life‐history theory. However, empirical work typically focuses only on allocation despite the fact that relationships between fitness components may be governed by differences in the ability of individuals to acquire resources across environments. Here, we outline a statistical framework to partition the genetic basis of multivariate plasticity into independent axes of genetic variation, and quantify for the first time, the extent to which specific traits drive multitrait genotype–environment interactions. Our framework generalises to analyses of plasticity, growth and ageing. We apply this approach to a unique, large‐scale, multivariate study of acquisition, allocation and plasticity in the life history of the cricket, Gryllus firmus. We demonstrate that resource acquisition and allocation are genetically correlated, and that plasticity in trade‐offs between allocation to components of fitness is 90% dependent on genetic variance for total resource acquisition. These results suggest that genotype–environment effects for resource acquisition can maintain variation in life‐history components that are typically observed in the wild.
Sex differences in host defence interfere with parasite‐mediated selection for outcrossing during host–parasite coevolution
Authors: Masri Leila , Schulte Rebecca D. , Timmermeyer Nadine , Thanisch Stefanie , Crummenerl Lena Luise , Jansen Gunther , Michiels Nico K. , Schulenburg Hinrich 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe Red Queen hypothesis proposes that coevolving parasites select for outcrossing in the host. Outcrossing relies on males, which often show lower immune investment due to, for example, sexual selection. Here, we demonstrate that such sex differences in immunity interfere with parasite‐mediated selection for outcrossing. Two independent coevolution experiments with Caenorhabditis elegans and its microparasite Bacillus thuringiensis produced decreased yet stable frequencies of outcrossing male hosts. A subsequent systematic analysis verified that male C. elegans suffered from a direct selective disadvantage under parasite pressure (i.e. lower resistance, decreased sexual activity, increased escape behaviour), which can reduce outcrossing and thus male frequencies. At the same time, males offered an indirect selective benefit, because male‐mediated outcrossing increased offspring resistance, thus favouring male persistence in the evolving populations. As sex differences in immunity are widespread, such interference of opposing selective constraints is likely of central importance during host adaptation to a coevolving parasite.
Primary productivity demands of global fishing fleets
Authors: Watson Reg , Zeller Dirk , Pauly Daniel 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTo be sustainable, the extractive process of fishing requires biomass renewal via primary production driven by solar energy. Primary production required (PPR) estimates how much primary production is needed to replace the biomass of fisheries landings removed from marine ecosystems. Here, we examine the historical fishing behaviour of global fishing fleets, which parts of the food web they rely on, which ecosystems they fish and how intensively. Highly mobile European and Asian fleets have moved to ever more distant productive waters since the 1970s, especially once they are faced with the costs of access agreements for exclusive economic zones (EEZs) declared by host countries. We examine fleet PPR demands in the context of large marine ecosystems (LMEs), which are frequently fished with PPR demands well above their average primary productivity (PP). In some cases, this was mitigated by subsequent emigration of fleets or by management intervention. Fleet movements, however, have stressed additional marine areas, including the EEZs of developing countries. This suggests the potential for spatial serial depletion, if fishing capacity is not reduced to more sustainable PP removal levels. Fundamentally, fishing is limited by solar‐powered PP limits. Fishing beyond solar production has occurred, but in the future, marine systems may not be as forgiving, especially if overfishing and climate change compromise their resilience.
Global biomass potentials under sustainability restrictions defined by the European Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC
Authors: Schueler Vivian , Weddige Ulf , Beringer Tim , Gamba Liliana , Lamers Patrick 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe political will to reduce global GHG emissions has largely contributed to increased global biofuel production and trade. The expanding cultivation of energy crops may drive changes in the terrestrial ecosystems such as land cover and biodiversity loss. When biomass replaces fossil energy carriers, sustainability criteria are therefore crucial to avoid adverse impacts and ensure a net positive GHG balance. The European Union has set mandatory sustainability criteria for liquid biofuels in its Renewable Energy Directive (RED) 2009/28/EC to ensure net positive impacts of its biofuel policy. The adoption of sustainability criteria in other world regions and their extension to solid and gaseous biomass in the EU is ongoing. This paper examines the effect of the EU RED sustainability criteria on the availability of biomass resources at global and regional scale. It quantifies the relevance of sustainability criteria in biomass resource assessments taking into account the criteria's spatial distribution. This assessment does not include agricultural and forestry residues and aquatic biomass. Previously unknown interrelations between sustainability criteria are examined and described for ten world regions. The analysis concludes that roughly 10% (98.5 EJ) of the total theoretical potential of 977.2 EJ occurs in areas free of sustainability concerns.
Influence of biofuel crops on mosquito production and oviposition site selection
Authors: Muturi Ephantus J. , Spencer Joseph L. , Allan Brian F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe proposed expansion of biofuels production may cause unintended land‐use changes and potentially alter ecosystem services. This study evaluated the impact of first‐generation (corn) and second‐generation (switchgrass and Miscanthus) biofuel crops on production and oviposition site selection by two vector mosquitoes, the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti and the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus. Larvae of the two species were reared at varying conspecific and heterospecific densities in senescent leaf infusions prepared from one of the three biofuel crops and their survival and development time to adulthood determined. The effects of the three leaf infusions on water chemistry and oviposition site selection by the two mosquito species were also determined. Ae. albopictus females deposited significantly fewer eggs in Miscanthus than in corn infusion while Ae. aegypti females deposited significantly fewer eggs in Miscanthus than in both corn and switchgrass infusion. Survival to adulthood for both mosquito species was significantly lower in corn than in switchgrass and Miscanthus infusions; was consistently lower at high‐ (0:40 and 20:20) than at low density treatments in both switchgrass and Miscanthus infusions; and significantly lower at high intraspecific density (40:0 and 0: 40) than at high interspecific density (20:20) in Miscanthus infusion. Development time to adulthood was positively related to larval density, but was not influenced by biofuel leaf treatment. Corn infusion had lower pH values and higher salinity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and temperature values than switchgrass and Miscanthus infusions. These findings demonstrate the potential for biofuel crops to modify the chemistry of aquatic habitats in ways that may influence mosquito production and thereby the risk of exposure to mosquito‐borne diseases.
Interferon‐alpha plus adefovir combination therapy versus interferon‐alpha monotherapy for chronic hepatitis B treatment: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Huang Rui , Hao Yingying , Zhang Jun , Wu Chao 
Published: January 2013

AimThe therapeutic effect of interferon (IFN)‐α plus adefovir (ADV) combination therapy versus IFN‐α monotherapy in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treatment remains under debate. The objective of the present study was to compare the efficacy between these two regimens in CHB treatment.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, National Knowledge Infrastructure, WANFANG and VIP databases were searched until 15 April 2012. All randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing IFN‐α plus ADV combination therapy versus IFN‐α monotherapy for treating CHB patients were included. Review Manager ver. 5.1.0 was used for meta‐analysis.ResultsOur results showed that the rate of undetectable serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was significantly higher in the IFN‐α plus ADV combination group than in the IFN‐α monotherapy group, both at 24 weeks (relative risk [RR] = 1.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.47–2.05, P < 0.00001) and 48 weeks (RR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.35–1.80, P < 0.00001) of treatment and after treatment (RR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.10–1.66, P = 0.004). The serum hepatitis B e‐antigen (HBeAg) negativation and HBeAg seroconversion rates were also higher in the combination group. However, a greater hepatitis B surface antigen loss rate was not found in the combination group. Forty‐eight weeks of combination therapy improved the alanine aminotransferase normalization rate, but did not improve the rate of undetectable HBV DNA or that of HBeAg seroconversion as compared with 24 weeks of combination therapy.ConclusionBased on the current studies, the efficacy of IFN‐α plus ADV combination therapy is superior to IFN‐α monotherapy.
Metals in female scalp hair globally and its impact on perceived hair health
Authors: Godfrey Simon , Staite William , Bowtell Philip , Marsh Jennifer 
Published: January 2013

SynopsisGlobally, billions of individuals wash their hair in water, which acts as an exogenous metal source. Many studies which measure the metal levels found on human hair specifically aim to remove exogenous materials prior to analysis. Although this is needed when using hair analysis to probe the impact of the local environment on endogenous metal levels, it is not relevant for understanding exactly what is on hair as a result of contact with its daily environment. Understanding these levels are important, as the presence of redox active metals, such as copper and iron, can impact fibre health, either as a result of UV irradiation, or during the hair colouring process. A global hair sampling study of over 300 individuals from nine countries has been performed, and the combined endogenous and exogenous metals analysed. The levels measured vary widely, even within the narrow geography of each hair sampling location. The levels of calcium, magnesium, copper and iron were not correlated, and within each location, there are expected to be individuals with high metal levels. Levels increased from hair root to tip for calcium, magnesium and copper, attributed to hair contact with the environment showing the impact of exogenous metals in the overall levels on hair. Levels of redox metals were comparable between individuals who coloured or did not colour their hair, although water hardness ions were statistically significantly higher for hair colouring individuals. Individuals who perceived their hair health as poor had higher metal levels on their hair. Controlling metals on hair, either by preventing their binding during environmental contact, or through controlling their ability to cause hair damage, should lead to improved consumer perceived hair health.