bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative characterization of two intracellular Ca2+-release channels from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Liu Yaping , Li Chengjun , Gao Jingkun , Wang Wenlong , Huang Li , Guo Xuezhu , Li Bin , Wang Jianjun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractRyanodine receptors (RyRs) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) are members of a family of tetrameric intracellular Ca2+-release channels (CRCs). While it is well known in mammals that RyRs and IP3Rs modulate multiple physiological processes, the roles of these two CRCs in the development and physiology of insects remain poorly understood. In this study, we cloned and functionally characterized RyR and IP3R cDNAs (named TcRyR and TcIP3R) from the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. The composite TcRyR gene contains an ORF of 15,285 bp encoding a protein of 5,094 amino acid residues. The TcIP3R contains an 8,175 bp ORF encoding a protein of 2,724 amino acids. Expression analysis of TcRyR and TcIP3R revealed significant differences in mRNA expression levels among T. castaneum during different developmental stages. When the transcript levels of TcRyR were suppressed by RNA interference (RNAi), an abnormal folding of the adult hind wings was observed, while the RNAi-mediated knockdown of TcIP3R resulted in defective larval–pupal and pupal–adult metamorphosis. These results suggested that TcRyR is required for muscle excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling in T. castaneum and that calcium release via IP3R might play an important role in regulating ecdysone synthesis and release during molting and metamorphosis in insects.
A cholesterol consensus motif is required for efficient intracellular transport and raft association of a group 2 HA from influenza virus
Authors: de Vries Maren , Herrmann Andreas , Veit Michael 
Published: October 2014

The HA (haemagglutinin) of influenza viruses must be recruited to membrane rafts to perform its function in membrane fusion and virus budding. We previously showed using FRET that deletion of the two raft-targeting features of HA, S-acylation at the cytoplasmic tail and the hydrophobic amino acids VIL (Val-Ile-Leu) in the outer part of the TMR (transmembrane region), lead to reduced raft association. In addition, exchange of VIL, but not of the S-acylation sites severely retards transport of HA through the Golgi. In the present study, we have further characterized the ill-defined signal in the TMR. A sequence comparison suggests that the leucine residue of VIL might be part of a CCM (cholesterol consensus motif) that is known to bind cholesterol to seven-transmembrane receptors. The signal also comprises a lysine residue and a tryptophan residue on one and a tyrosine residue on another TMR helix and is conserved in group 2 HAs. Mutations in the CCM retard Golgi-localized processing of HA, such as acquisition of Endo H (endoglycosidase H)-resistant carbohydrates in the medial Golgi and proteolytic cleavage in the TGN (trans-Golgi network). The delay in transport of HA to and from the medial Golgi varied with the mutation, suggesting that different transport steps are affected. All mutants analysed by FRET also showed reduced association with rafts at the plasma membrane. Thus the raft-targeting signal of HA encompasses not only hydrophobic, but also aromatic and positively charged, residues. We speculate that binding to cholesterol might facilitate intracellular transport of HA and association with rafts.
Configuration improvement for micropressure sensor with vibration interference
Authors: Yu Zhongliang , Zhao Yulong , Li Lili , Tian Bian , Cheng Rongjun , Li Cun 
Published: October 2014

Presented is the configuration design for piezoresistive absolute micropressure sensors. A figure of merit called the performance factor (PF) is defined as a quantitative index to describe the comprehensive performances of a sensor including sensitivity, resonant frequency and acceleration interference. Two configurations are proposed through introducing islands and sensitive beams into the typical flat diaphragm. The stress distributions of sensitive elements are analysed by a finite element method. Multivariate fittings based on ANSYS simulation results are performed to establish the equations on surface stresses and deflections of the two sensors. Optimisation by MATLAB is carried out to determine the dimensions of the configurations. Convex corner undercutting is analysed to estimate the final dimensions of the islands. Each PF of the two configurations with the determined dimensions has been calculated and compared. Silicon bulk micromachining is utilised to fabricate the prototypes of the sensors. The outputs of the sensors under both static and dynamic conditions are tested. Experimental results reveal that the configuration with quad islands presents the highest PF of 210.947 Hz1/4. The favourable overall performances make the sensor more suitable for altimetry.
Chemoselective tarantula toxins report voltage activation of wild-type ion channels in live cells
Authors: Tilley Drew C. , Eum Kenneth S. , Fletcher-Taylor Sebastian , Austin Daniel C. , Dupré Christophe , Patrón Lilian A. , Garcia Rita L. , Lam Kit , Yarov-Yarovoy Vladimir , Cohen Bruce E. , Sack Jon T. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Electrically excitable cells, such as neurons, exhibit tremendous variation in their patterns of electrical signals. These variations arise from the collection of ion channels present in any specific cell, but understanding which ion channels are at the root of particular electrical signals remains a significant challenge. Here, we describe novel probes, derived from a tarantula venom peptide, that are able to report the activity of voltage-gated ion channels in living cells. This technology uses state-selective binding to optically monitor the activation of ion channels during cellular electrical signaling. Activity-reporting probes based on these prototypes could potentially identify when endogenous ion channels contribute to electrical signaling, thus facilitating the identification of ion channel targets for therapeutic drug intervention.
Potential antigenic explanation for atypical H1N1 infections among middle-aged adults during the 2013–2014 influenza season
Authors: Linderman Susanne L. , Chambers Benjamin S. , Zost Seth J. , Parkhouse Kaela , Li Yang , Herrmann Christin , Ellebedy Ali H. , Carter Donald M. , Andrews Sarah F. , Zheng Nai-Ying , Huang Min , Huang Yunping , Strauss Donna , Shaz Beth H. , Hodinka Richard L. , Reyes-Terán Gustavo , Ross Ted M. , Wilson Patrick C. , Ahmed Rafi , Bloom Jesse D. , Hensley Scott E. 
Published: October 2014

SignificanceInfluenza viruses typically cause a higher disease burden in children and the elderly, who have weaker immune systems. During the 2013–2014 influenza season, H1N1 viruses caused an unusually high level of disease in middle-aged adults. Here, we show that recent H1N1 strains possess a mutation that allows viruses to avoid immune responses elicited in middle-aged adults. We show that current vaccine strains elicit immune responses that are predicted to be less effective in some middle-aged adults. We suggest that new viral strains should be incorporated into seasonal influenza vaccines so that proper immunity is elicited in all humans, regardless of age and pre-exposure histories.
Disruption of multisystem responses to stress in type 2 diabetes: Investigating the dynamics of allostatic load
Authors: Steptoe Andrew , Hackett Ruth A. , Lazzarino Antonio I. , Bostock Sophie , La Marca Roberto , Carvalho Livia A. , Hamer Mark 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Our observations provide evidence to link epidemiological studies implicating stress-related processes with biological dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. The patterns of cardiovascular, inflammatory, neuroendocrine, and cholesterol responses exemplify the disturbances of reactivity and recovery predicted by the allostatic load model, including prolonged responses to stress due to delayed shutdown of physiological reactivity, and inadequate (blunted) responses resulting in compensatory hyperactivity in other mediating pathways. Chronic allostatic load may be a mechanism through which stress exposures contribute to diabetes risk, while also being implicated in the adverse health consequences of diabetes such as coronary heart disease and cognitive decline.
Baculovirus resistance in codling moth is virus isolate-dependent and the consequence of a mutation in viral genepe38
Authors: Gebhardt Manuela M. , Eberle Karolin E. , Radtke Pit , Jehle Johannes A. 
Published: October 2014

SignificanceRegistered in 34 countries worldwide,Cydia pomonellagranulovirus (CpGV) is a highly important biological agent to control the codling moth in pome fruit production. Since 2005, 38 codling moth field populations resistant to CpGV products containing the Mexican isolate (CpGV-M) were discovered in Europe, and this was the first demonstrated field resistance against commercial baculovirus products. By identifying and sequencing different resistance-breaking CpGV isolates, it was found that resistance of codling moth is directed toward CpGV-M only. As shown by mutation experiments, CpGV-M is prone to resistance because of a 24-nucleotide repeat within the viral genepe38. Thus,pe38can be used as a genetic marker to identify resistance-breaking CpGV isolates for resistance management programs.
Deorphanization of the human leukocyte tyrosine kinase (LTK) receptor by a signaling screen of the extracellular proteome
Authors: Zhang Hongbing , Pao Lily I. , Zhou Aileen , Brace Arthur D. , Halenbeck Robert , Hsu Amy W. , Bray Thomas L. , Hestir Kevin , Bosch Elizabeth , Lee Ernestine , Wang Gang , Liu Haixia , Wong Brian R. , Kavanaugh W. Michael , Williams Lewis T. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Secreted factors and their cell-surface receptors play important roles in the communication between cells in normal and pathological conditions. There are many transmembrane receptor-like proteins whose ligands have not been identified (also known as orphan receptors). Knowledge of the ligand should help in understanding the biological role of the receptor. We used a strategy of screening the extracellular proteome, one protein at a time, to identify ligands for such receptors. We discovered the ligands for the orphan receptor leukocyte tyrosine kinase. To our knowledge, this is the first case in which secreted factor ligands were identified for an orphan receptor with this technique. This approach is especially valuable when little is known about the ligand.
Approximation of the expected value of the harmonic mean and some applications
Authors: Rao Calyampudi Radhakrishna , Shi Xiaoping , Wu Yuehua 
Published: October 2014

SignificanceThe harmonic mean (HM) filter is better at removing positive outliers than the arithmetic mean (AM) filter. There are especially difficult issues when an accurate evaluation of expected HM is needed such as, for example, in image denoising and marginal likelihood evaluation. A major challenge is to develop a higher-order approximation of the expected HM when the central limit theorem is not applicable. A two-term approximation of the expected HM is derived in this paper. This approximation enables us to develop a new filtering procedure to denoise the noisy image with an improved performance, and construct a truncated HM estimator with a faster convergence rate in marginal likelihood evaluation.
Remodeling in bone without osteocytes: Billfish challenge bone structure–function paradigms
Authors: Atkins Ayelet , Dean Mason N. , Habegger Maria Laura , Motta Phillip J. , Ofer Lior , Repp Felix , Shipov Anna , Weiner Steve , Currey John D. , Shahar Ron 
Published: October 2014

Significance
A fundamental paradigm of bone biology is that the remodeling process—by which bones detect and repair damage—is orchestrated by osteocytes. The bones of most extant fish, however, lack these cells and should be unable to repair damage in their bones. We provide evidence for intense remodeling in the anosteocytic bone of billfishes, such as swordfish and marlin. Our observations challenge the central axiom that osteocytes alone are responsible for remodeling, suggesting alternate mechanisms in bone physiology and/or variation in the roles of bone cells. In addition, billfish bone exhibits an array of striking material properties that distinguish it from mammalian bone despite having similar composition, underlining that skeletal biology concepts are limiting when based on mammalian tissues alone.
Physical exercise-induced hippocampal neurogenesis and antidepressant effects are mediated by the adipocyte hormone adiponectin
Authors: Yau Suk Yu , Li Ang , Hoo Ruby L. C. , Ching Yick Pang , Christie Brian R. , Lee Tatia M. C. , Xu Aimin , So Kwok-Fai 
Published: October 2014

SignificanceThis study unmasks a previously unidentified functional role of adiponectin (a hormone secreted by adipocytes) in modulating hippocampal neurogenesis and alleviating depression-like behaviors. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing that adiponectin may be an essential factor that mediates the antidepressant effects of physical exercise on the brain by adiponectin receptor 1-mediated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Our results reveal a possible mechanism by which exercise increases hippocampal neurogenesis and also suggest a promising therapeutic treatment for depression.
Role of health in predicting moves to poor neighborhoods among Hurricane Katrina survivors
Authors: Arcaya Mariana C. , Subramanian S. V. , Rhodes Jean E. , Waters Mary C. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Although neighborhood outcomes and health may influence each other reciprocally, existing studies overwhelmingly focus on neighborhood effects on health. Health’s influence on neighborhood is largely viewed as a nuisance that may bias neighborhood effects estimates. However, if health shapes whether individuals attain better neighborhoods, understanding selection processes may advance both health and urban policy objectives. We follow a socially vulnerable cohort of Hurricane Katrina survivors from 2003–2010 and find that although health was not associated with neighborhood poverty before the disaster, those with pre-Katrina health problems ended up living in poorer neighborhoods years after the storm. Understanding whether and how poor health impedes poverty deconcentration efforts may help inform programs and policies designed to help low-income families move into—and stay in—higher opportunity neighborhoods.
The rare DAT coding variant Val559 perturbs DA neuron function, changes behavior, and alters in vivo responses to psychostimulants
Authors: Mergy Marc A. , Gowrishankar Raajaram , Gresch Paul J. , Gantz Stephanie C. , Williams John , Davis Gwynne L. , Wheeler C. Austin , Stanwood Gregg D. , Hahn Maureen K. , Blakely Randy D. 
Published: October 2014

SignificanceDopamine (DA) signaling provides important, modulatory control of movement, at tention, and reward. Disorders linked to changes in DA signaling include Parkinson’s disease, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, and addiction. We identified multiple, functional polymorphisms in the human DA transporter (DAT) gene and showed that one of these variants, which produces the amino acid substitution Val559 (wild-type DATs express Ala559), exhibits normal DA uptake accompanied by a spontaneous outward efflux of the neurotransmitter, reminiscent of the actions of the psychostimulant amphetamine. Here, we identify multiple biochemical, physiological, and behavioral perturbations that arise from DAT Val559 expression in vivo, supporting spontaneous DA efflux as a heretofore-unrecognized mechanism that may underlie multiple DA-linked neurobehavioral disorders.
Xylose phosphorylation functions as a molecular switch to regulate proteoglycan biosynthesis
Authors: Wen Jianzhong , Xiao Junyu , Rahdar Meghdad , Choudhury Biswa P. , Cui Jixin , Taylor Gregory S. , Esko Jeffrey D. , Dixon Jack E. 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Proteoglycans are cellular proteins modified with long chains of repeating sugar residues connected to serine residues within the protein core by a short tetrasaccharide linker. Proteoglycans perform critical cellular functions such as formation of the extracellular matrix, binding to a diverse array of molecules, and regulation of cell motility, adhesion, and cell–cell communication. We show here that family with sequence similarity 20, member B (Fam20B) is a xylose kinase that phosphorylates a xylose sugar residue within the proteoglycan tetrasaccharide linkage. Xylose phosphorylation dramatically stimulates the activity of galactosyltransferase II (GalT-II, B3GalT6), an enzyme that adds galactose to the growing linkage. Cells lacking Fam20B cannot extend the tetrasaccharide linkage and thus have immature and nonfunctional proteoglycan, a phenotype remarkably similar to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome caused by inactivating GalT-II mutations.
Volta potential phase plate for in-focus phase contrast transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Danev Radostin , Buijsse Bart , Khoshouei Maryam , Plitzko Jürgen M. , Baumeister Wolfgang 
Published: October 2014

Significance
Biological electron cryomicroscopy is limited by the radiation sensitivity of the samples and the consequent need to minimize exposure to the beam. This, in turn, results in low-contrast images with a poor signal-to-noise ratio. The current practice to improve phase contrast by defocusing results in contrast transfer functions necessitating image restoration to provide interpretable data. Phase plates enable in-focus phase contrast, but the existing ones, including the thin film Zernike-type phase plate, suffer from severe limitations, such as a short usable life span, fringing artifacts, and problems in using them in automated data acquisition procedures. The Volta phase plate presented here solves those problems and has the potential to become a practical solution for in-focus phase contrast in transmission electron microscopy.
Determination of River Herring Natal Origin using Otolith Chemical Markers: Accuracy as a Function of Spatial Scale and Choice of Markers
Authors: Turner Sara M. , Limburg Karin E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe investigated the spatial and temporal accuracy of otolith chemistry for distinguishing populations (and subpopulations) of anadromous river herring (Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring A. aestivalis) from New York watersheds. Water chemistry of selected analytes (Sr:Ca, Ba:Ca, 87:86Sr, and δ18O) differed spatially and interannually among sites within the Hudson River as well as between the Hudson River and Long Island estuaries. Otolith chemical markers for juvenile river herring differed significantly among all sampling sites, with combined elemental and isotopic ratios differing significantly between species and between years, although the effect of year did not influence assignments at broad spatial scales (i.e., 105 m). Adult river herring collected in the Hudson River were assigned to natal sites using all juvenile otolith markers except δ18O, which had methodological problems. Adult Alewives and Blueback Herring were classified to Hudson River populations at 73% and 42%, respectively. Inclusion of δ18O in the assignment model likely would have increased the percentage of adults assigned to the Hudson River, as juvenile reclassification accuracies were lower without δ18O and oxygen isotopes are strongly correlated with latitude. Otolith chemistry matched our geochemical atlas of water and distinguished among populations and subpopulations at a range of spatial scales. However, rates of reclassification are dependent on the markers included and the geographic distances among groups.Received March 31, 2014; accepted July 16, 2014
Spawning Patterns of Pacific Lamprey in Tributaries to the Willamette River, Oregon
Authors: Mayfield M. P. , Schultz L. D. , Wyss L. A. , Clemens B. J. , Schreck C. B. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAddressing the ongoing decline of Pacific Lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus across its range along the west coast of North America requires an understanding of all life history phases. Currently, spawning surveys (redd counts) are a common tool used to monitor returning adult salmonids, but the methods are in their infancy for Pacific Lamprey. To better understand the spawning phase, our objective was to assess temporal spawning trends, redd abundance, habitat use, and spatial patterns of spawning at multiple spatial scales for Pacific Lamprey in the Willamette River basin, Oregon. Although redd density varied considerably across surveyed reaches, the observed temporal patterns of spawning were related to physical habitat and hydrologic conditions. As has been documented in studies in other basins in the Pacific Northwest, we found that redds were often constructed in pool tailouts dominated by gravel, similar to habitat used by spawning salmonids. Across the entire Willamette Basin, Pacific Lampreys appeared to select reaches with alluvial geology, likely because this is where gravel suitable for spawning accumulated. At the tributary scale, spawning patterns were not as strong, and in reaches with nonalluvial geology redds were more spatially clumped than in reaches with alluvial geology. These results can be used to help identify and conserve Pacific Lamprey spawning habitat across the Pacific Northwest.Received May 16, 2014; accepted July 16, 2014
Lake Sturgeon Geographic Range, Distribution, and Migration Patterns in the Saskatchewan River
Authors: Van Wishingrad , Carr Meghan K. , Pollock Michael S. , Ferrari Maud C. O. , Chivers Douglas P. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe examined geographic range, distribution, and migration patterns of Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens within the largest contiguous section of the Saskatchewan River system in Saskatchewan, Canada. Lake Sturgeon use portions of the North, South, and main‐stem Saskatchewan River during the summer months. The Forks area was observed to be an overwintering area. Lake Sturgeon were observed to migrate each year, and all Lake Sturgeon migrated at least once in the 3‐year study. Lake Sturgeon were observed to undertake significant migrations (>100 km/year) using all three rivers. Migration initiation date was consistent over the 3‐year period, whereas migration return date was more variable and may be linked to river flow rate. No significant differences in distance covered between years were identified, but Lake Sturgeon tended to migrate longer distances in years when flow rates were higher. Finally, the spatial extent of Lake Sturgeon in the Saskatchewan River System appears to be larger than that of many previously studied river and lake populations. This study provides important insights into Lake Sturgeon distribution and migration patterns within large prairie rivers, increasing our basic knowledge of this unique fish species in understudied river systems, and provides important information for conservation within their historic range.Received January 16, 2014; accepted August 5, 2014