bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The EU‐ADR Web Platform: delivering advanced pharmacovigilance tools
Authors: Oliveira José Luis , Lopes Pedro , Nunes Tiago , Campos David , Boyer Scott , Ahlberg Ernst , van Mulligen Erik M. , Kors Jan A. , Singh Bharat , Furlong Laura I. , Sanz Ferran , Bauer‐Mehren Anna , Carrascosa Maria C. , Mestres Jordi , Avillach Paul , Diallo Gayo , Díaz Acedo Carlos , van der Lei Johan 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTPurposePharmacovigilance methods have advanced greatly during the last decades, making post‐market drug assessment an essential drug evaluation component. These methods mainly rely on the use of spontaneous reporting systems and health information databases to collect expertise from huge amounts of real‐world reports. The EU‐ADR Web Platform was built to further facilitate accessing, monitoring and exploring these data, enabling an in‐depth analysis of adverse drug reactions risks.MethodsThe EU‐ADR Web Platform exploits the wealth of data collected within a large‐scale European initiative, the EU‐ADR project. Millions of electronic health records, provided by national health agencies, are mined for specific drug events, which are correlated with literature, protein and pathway data, resulting in a rich drug–event dataset. Next, advanced distributed computing methods are tailored to coordinate the execution of data‐mining and statistical analysis tasks. This permits obtaining a ranked drug–event list, removing spurious entries and highlighting relationships with high risk potential.ResultsThe EU‐ADR Web Platform is an open workspace for the integrated analysis of pharmacovigilance datasets. Using this software, researchers can access a variety of tools provided by distinct partners in a single centralized environment. Besides performing standalone drug–event assessments, they can also control the pipeline for an improved batch analysis of custom datasets. Drug–event pairs can be substantiated and statistically analysed within the platform's innovative working environment.ConclusionsA pioneering workspace that helps in explaining the biological path of adverse drug reactions was developed within the EU‐ADR project consortium. This tool, targeted at the pharmacovigilance community, is available online at https://bioinformatics.ua.pt/euadr/. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence of Bipolar Disorder Diagnoses and Psychotropic Drug Therapy Among Privately Insured Children and Adolescents
Authors: Dusetzina Stacie B. , Weinberger Morris , Gaynes Bradley N. , Farley Joel F. , Sleath Betsy , Hansen Richard A. 
Published: December 2012

Study ObjectivesTo estimate the treated prevalence of bipolar disorder in a privately insured population, describe the characteristics of children and adolescents receiving these diagnoses, and describe patterns of their psychotropic drug therapy.DesignRetrospective, repeated cross‐sectional study.Data SourceMarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy claims databases.PatientsA total of 22,360 children and adolescents (aged 0–17 yrs) with one inpatient or two or more outpatient claims for any bipolar spectrum disorder between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2007.Measurements and Main ResultsAnnual cross‐sections were used to estimate the treated prevalence of bipolar disorder diagnoses, patient characteristics, and psychotropic drugs used 30 days after a child's latest recorded bipolar disorder diagnosis within each year. The annual treated prevalence of any bipolar spectrum disorder in this privately insured population was 0.24% in 2005 and 0.26% in 2006 and 2007. Approximately 25% of diagnoses were for children younger than 13 years. Approximately 30% of children had coexisting attention‐deficit–hyperactivity disorder during the year. In each year, 35% of patients used no psychotropic drug therapy in the 30‐day period after their most recent diagnosis. Twenty‐five percent used one psychotropic drug, and 40% used two or more drugs. The most common drug regimens were antipsychotic or mood stabilizer (lithium or anticonvulsant) monotherapy and the combination of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics.ConclusionDrug therapy patterns suggest that children and adolescents with bipolar diagnoses receive complex treatment regimens, often involving multiple classes of psychotropic drugs. Research on treatment combinations, particularly antipsychotic and mood stabilizer combinations, should be prioritized to better understand the safety and effectiveness of commonly prescribed treatments.
The glass transition temperature of poly(phenylene sulfide) with various crystallinities
Authors: Zhang Ri‐Chao , Li Rong , Lu Ai , Jin Zhijiang , Liu Baoqing , Xu Zhongbin 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe glass transition temperature (Tg) of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) with various crystalline fractions has been studied using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC measurements show that Tg can be observed from the heating curves for the PPS sample with very low crystallinity, and no Tg is observed when the crystallinity is over 8%. DMA indicates that crystallinity has an important effect on molecular chain segment motion of PPS. When the crystallinity, Xc, of PPS is over 38%, there is only one chain segment motion, which mainly results from the crystalline chain vibration; while three different chain segment motions occur for PPS samples with lower crystallinity (Xc < 26%), which are amorphous chain segment motion, crystalline chain segment motion and constrained amorphous chain segment motion. Tg of PPS is mainly caused by the amorphous chain segment motion which is independent of the crystallinity, while the relaxation temperature corresponding to crystalline chain motion shifts to lower temperature as the crystallinity increases. The reduction of the relaxation temperature can be attributed to the disorder‐order transition of amorphous chains for PPS with lower crystallinity. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Environmentally friendly copolymeric beads of Chlorella vulgaris and poly(methacrylamide) grafted aliginic acid di‐block copolymers for biosorption of zinc ions
Authors: Fares Mohammad M , Al‐Rub Fahmi A Abu , Kandah Munther , Allaboun Hussein 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of biodegradable environmentally friendly copolymeric beads for water treatment biosorption processes is demonstrated. The synthesized poly(methacrylamide) grafted aliginic acid copolymers were characterized using 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, TGA and SEM. The di‐block copolymers showed a morphological change from two‐dimensional layer‐by‐layer structures to three‐dimensional well‐compacted wrinkles as grafting efficiency increased. The copolymeric beads were formed from the di‐block copolymer and algae crosslinked with 5% calcium ions (w/w). These copolymeric beads were then subjected to biosorption investigations for zinc ions as a model heavy metal ion at different pH values and stirring time periods. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the copolymeric beads were effective in zinc ion removal from aqueous solutions with maximum uptake exceeding 89.0 mg g–1 using higher grafting efficiency copolymeric beads at pH 5.5. Equilibrium pH studies revealed that zinc biosorption was pH dependent and maximum uptake was obtained at pH 5.5. Dynamics studies showed that the biosorption of zinc was rapid with equilibrium attained within 40 min and the data followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The equilibrium biosorption of zinc ions on the copolymeric beads exhibited a Freundlich isotherm fit. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
pH‐Responsive PEGylated nanoparticles based on amphiphilic polyaspartamide: preparation, physicochemical characterization and in vitro evaluation
Authors: Moon Jong Rok , Jeon Young Sil , Zrinyi Miklos , Kim Ji‐Heung 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA series of amphiphilic graft copolymers based on polyaspartamide were synthesized by successive aminolysis reactions of polysuccinimide using 2‐diisopropylaminoethyl (DIP), O‐(2‐aminoethyl)‐O′‐methylpolyethylene glycol (PEG) and lauryl amine as pH‐sensitive, hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, respectively. The pH‐dependent self‐assembly behavior of the aqueous copolymer solution was investigated. Nano‐aggregation, which was induced by a hydrophilic/hydrophobic shift of the DIP group in solution, occurred at a pH in the vicinity of the pKa of the DIP group. The mean diameter of the nano‐aggregate could be modulated by changing the compositions of both pendants. The mean diameter of the nanoparticles increased with increasing solution pH from 6.5 to 8. The dissolution of paclitaxel into these amphiphilic nanoparticles was attempted and the pH‐dependent release behavior was examined using a solvent‐casting method. The results showed a significantly faster release of paclitaxel at pH = 6.5, which is a tumoral acidic pH, than at neutral physiological pH. These pH‐sensitive PEGylated polyaspartamide derivatives have potential use as a tumor‐targeting delivery system.
Synthesis and photovoltaic performances of benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b']dithiophene‐alt‐2,3‐diphenylquinoxaline copolymers pending functional groups in phenyl rings
Authors: Tan Hua , Deng Xianping , Yu Junting , Chen Jianhua , Nie Kaixuan , Huang Ying , Liu Yu , Wang Yafei , Zhu Meixiang , Zhu Weiguo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractTwo donor/acceptor (D/A)‐based benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐alt‐2,3‐biphenyl quinoxaline copolymers of P1 and P2 were synthesized pending different functional groups (thiophene or triphenylamine) in the 4‐positions of phenyl rings. Their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties, as well as morphology of their blending films were investigated. The poly(4,8‐bis((2‐ethyl‐hexyl)oxy)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b'] dithiophene)‐alt‐(2,3‐bis(4′‐bis(N,N‐bis(4‐(octyloxy) phenylamino)‐ 1,1′‐biphen‐4‐yl)quinoxaline) (P2) exhibited better photovoltaic performance than poly(4,8‐bis((2‐ethylhexyl)oxy)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b'] dithiophene)‐alt‐(2,3‐bis(4‐(5‐octylthiophen‐2‐yl)phenyl)quinoxaline) (P1) in the bulk‐heterojunction polymer solar cells with a configuration of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymers: [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM)/LiF/Al. A power conversion efficiency of 3.43%, an open‐circuit voltage of 0.80 V, and a short‐circuit current of 9.20 mA cm−2 were achieved in the P2‐based cell under the illumination of AM 1.5, 100 mW cm−2. Importantly, this power conversion efficiency level is 2.29 times higher than that in the P1‐based cell. Our work indicated that incorporating triphenylamine pendant in the D/A‐based polymers can greatly improved the photovoltaic properties for its resulting polymers.
Orientation transition of nanorods induced by polymer brushes
Authors: Zhang Dong , Cheng Jun , Jiang Yangwei , Wen Xiaohui , Zhang Linxi 
Published: December 2012

AbstractCoarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations are used to explore the spatial orientations and conformational transitions of nanorods (NRs) within semiflexible polymer brushes. The orientations of the NR clusters are controlled by the competition between the entropy cost for NRs infiltrated into the polymer brushes and the attractive energy between NRs and polymer brushes. By reducing the grafting density or enhancing the number of NRs, the NR cluster experiences an orientation transition from the vertical direction to the horizontal direction. The semiflexible polymer brushes are regarded as the soft confinements for the NRs, and the soft confinements can induce the formation of the NR aggregation under the effect of the depletion attractions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2013
Web‐based self‐monitoring for weight loss among overweight/obese women at increased risk for breast cancer: the HELP pilot study
Authors: Cadmus‐Bertram Lisa , Wang Julie B. , Patterson Ruth E. , Newman Vicky A. , Parker Barbara A. , Pierce John P. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractObjectiveExcess weight and physical inactivity are modifiable risk factors for breast cancer. Training women to use self‐help resources over the internet has potential for reducing intervention costs and enhancing maintenance.MethodsA total of 50 overweight/obese women at increased breast cancer risk were randomized to a 12‐week intervention or a comparison group. Telephone‐based sessions trained participants to use web‐based self‐monitoring tools to set goals and track diet and exercise. The comparison group received dietary information but no training. At baseline and 12 weeks, participants were weighed and wore an accelerometer.ResultsParticipants were aged 60.9 ± 0.8 years with a BMI of 33.1 ± 0.6 kg/m2. The intervention group lost 3.3 ± 4.0 kg, whereas the comparison group gained 0.9 ± 3.4 kg (p < 0.0001). Intervention participants who found the website helpful lost 5.6 ± 0.7 kg; those who did not lost 0.8 ± 0.9 kg (p < 0.001). Change in physical activity was +70 ± 140 min/week among those who found the website helpful, −6 ± 75 min/week among those who did not, and −34 ± 207 min/week in the comparison group (p < 0.01).ConclusionsA program to train women to use web‐based weight loss tools achieved a substantial short‐term weight loss among the majority of participants. Further follow‐up is needed to assess weight loss maintenance over time.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transparent and conductive Al‐doped ZnO films for solar cells applications
Authors: Grilli Maria Luisa , Sytchkova Anna , Boycheva Sylvia , Piegari Angela 
Published: December 2012

AbstractGeneral rules governing the quality of aluminium‐doped zinc oxide films (Al:ZnO, AZO) grown by radio frequency sputtering were searched. A vast set of experimental data on the electrical, optical, structural, and morphological properties of AZO films prepared at different deposition conditions was analyzed. AZO films with a high Haacke's figure of merit ΦTC = 10 m Ω−1 were fabricated at temperatures lower than 250 °C starting from a target of ZnO mixed with 2 wt% Al2O3. It was demonstrated that AZO films with similar good optical and electrical properties can be obtained in different ways by opportunely combining the deposition parameters, proving that AZO film characteristics depend on the energy efficiency of the deposition process, which can be ensured at different deposition conditions. It was found that the temperature and the magnetron strength are essential for the growing process to guarantee film optimal performances, while the other deposition parameters can be opportunely adjusted for tuning the film characteristics. A correlation between electrical, structural and microstructural characteristics of the films was established.
Output regulation for non‐square linear multi‐rate systems
Authors: Antunes Duarte , Hespanha João P. , Silvestre Carlos 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYWe address the problem of regulating a subset of outputs of a linear time‐invariant plant with multi‐rate measurements so as to achieve asymptotic tracking of an exogenous signal generated by the free motion of a linear time‐invariant system, denoted by exosystem. A solution to this problem is required to yield closed‐loop stability and should be such that output regulation is achieved even in the presence of small plant uncertainties and exogenous disturbances also generated by the exosystem. Contrarily to previous works, we propose a solution to the general case where the plant may have more measured outputs than inputs. We show that this solution allows us to solve simultaneous stabilization and output regulation problems that are not possible to solve through the previous works. Besides incorporating an internal model of the exosystem, the key feature of our proposed controller is that it includes a system that blocks signals generated by the exosystem arriving to the controller from the non‐regulated outputs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Winterspiele 2014 in Sotschi
Authors: Dürnberger Dieter , Fick Karlfriedrich , Thiebes Robert 
Published: December 2012

AbstractZweischalige Dachkonstruktionen sind charakteristisch für den klassischen Metallleichtbau, weil sie variabel in der Kombination ihrer Komponenten sind. Damit können selbst ausgefallene Anforderungen an die Formgebung oder strenge Vorschriften an die Schutzfunktionen gegen Brand, Schall und Blitzschlag erfüllt werden. Gegen werkstoffbedingte Wärmeverluste oder die Wärmebrückenwirkung durchstoßender Metallteile gibt es längst ausgereifte Konstruktionen im Zusammenwirken mit anderen Werkstoffen, ohne Verlust an Qualität oder Einschränkung der Leistungsfähigkeit. Am Beispiel eines bezüglich Form und Größe anspruchsvollen Daches einer Sportarena für die Winterspiele 2014 in Sotschi wird das Leistungsvermögen einer zweischaligen Konstruktion mit einer Unterschale aus Stahltrapezprofilen und einer Oberschale aus industriell gefertigten Aluminium‐Stehfalzprofilen gezeigt.Hockey arena for the Olympic Winter Games 2014 in Sochi. Twin‐skin roof structures are typical in lightweight metal construction because of the flexibility they offer in the combination different components. This allows unusual demands on the design or strict requirements for fire, acoustic and lightning protection to be met. To combat material‐related heat loss or thermal bridging through metal parts, there are well established solutions provided by the use of alternative materials without any loss of quality or performance. Using the example of demanding requirements on the shape and size of the roof for a new sports arena for the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi, the performance capability of a twin‐skin structure with profiled metal deck lining and an outer skin of industrially manufactured of aluminium standing seam profiles is shown.
Die Dächer des Busan Cinema Centers
Authors: Pfanner Daniel , Bollinger Klaus , Jeon Bong‐Soo 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIn der südkoreanischen Metropole entstand in den Jahren 2007 bis 2011 das Busan Cinema Center (BCC), das ab 2012 Schauplatz für das Busan International Film Festival (BIFF) sein wird, eines der wichtigsten Filmfestspiele in Asien. Zwischen einem Kinokomplex in Massivbauweise mit mehreren Kinosälen und einem großen Theatersaal sowie einem Verwaltungsbau spannen zwei Stahldächer mit gewaltigen Ausmaßen, welche die Open‐Air Bereiche des BCC überspannen und dem Projekt ihre charakteristische Signatur verleihen. Während das so genannte small roof zwischen den Gebäuden ca. 110 m weit gespannt ist, kragt das big roof an einer Seite spektakuläre 85 m aus und ist somit die weiteste Dach‐Auskragung der Welt.The roofs of the Busan Cinema Center. The Busan Cinema Center (BCC) has been built between 2007 and 2011 in the Southkorean metropolis Busan. The BCC will be the future location for the Busan International Film Festival (BIFF), which is one of the most important film festivals in Asia. Two roofs with immense dimensions are spanning between a massive building comprising several cinemas and a big theatre and between a building for administrational use. The two roofs are protecting the open air areas of the BCC and are the characteristic elements of the architectural design. The so‐called small roof is a single spanning roof with a span width of app. 110 m. The big roof is a spectacular canopy cantilevering 85 m. It is the longest cantilevering roof structure in the world.
Deutscher Stahlbautag 2012 in Aachen
Authors: Demmer Angelika 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDer von bauforumstahl veranstaltete Branchentreff am 18./19.10.2012 im Eurogress Aachen stand ganz im Zeichen des Zusammenschlusses der Branche. Zum 01. 01. 2012 hatten bauforumstahl (BFS) und der Deutsche Stahlbau‐Verband DSTV ihre Aktivitäten zusammengeführt. Entsprechend gut war die Stimmung, zumal die bislang gute Baukonjunktur in Deutschland den Stahlbaubetrieben ein gutes erstes Halbjahr 2012 einbrachte. Mit einer Produktion von 1 Mio. t in den ersten sechs Monaten konnte der deutsche Stahlbau an das überaus gute Baujahr 2011 anknüpfen. Insgesamt ergab sich ein Zuwachs von 2,7 % im Vergleich zum Vorjahreszeitraum. Für das Gesamtjahr 2012 wird mit rd. 2 Mio. t im Kernbereich des konstruktiven Stahlbaues eine Produktion in der Größenordnung der letzten Jahre erwartet.
Equivalent viscous damping in direct displacement‐based design of steel braced reinforced concrete frames
Authors: Ghaffarzadeh Hossein , Jafari Aida , Talebian Nima 
Published: December 2012

SUMMARYPerformance‐based design method, particularly direct displacement‐based design (DDBD) method, has been widely used for seismic design of structures. Estimation of equivalent viscous damping factor used to characterize the substitute structure for different structural systems is a dominant parameter in this design methodology. In this paper, results of experimental and numerical investigations performed for estimating the equivalent viscous damping in DDBD procedure of two lateral resistance systems, moment frames and braced moment frames, are presented. For these investigations, cyclic loading tests are conducted on scaled moment resisting frames with and without bracing. The experimental results are also used to calibrate full‐scale numerical models. A numerical investigation is then conducted on a set of analytical moment resisting frames with and without bracing. The equivalent viscous damping and ductility of each analytical model are calculated from hysteretic responses. On the basis of analytical results, new equations are proposed for equivalent viscous damping as a function of ductility for reinforced concrete and steel braced reinforced concrete frames. As a result, the new equation is used in direct displacement‐based design of a steel braced reinforced concrete frame. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Promoting Self‐Questioning Through Picture Book Illustrations
Authors: Lohfink Gayla 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis teaching tip manuscript demonstrates how picture book illustrations can be used as an inquiry tool that facilitates one's connecting of visual investigations in a picture to the process of generating self‐questions. Techniques suggested to promote self‐questioning are (1) introducing young readers to an interactive picture book read aloud with prompts, such as, “What do you notice?” and “What questions do you have?” instead of teacher‐driven prompts that result in student statements, (2) using selected perplexing picture book illustrations as a medium for fostering and modeling the self‐questioning process, (3) partnering readers together so that they investigate picture book illustrations, determine questions, and search for answers collaboratively, and (4) encouraging independent reading of self‐selected picture books to apply self‐questioning techniques.
Differentiated Instruction: Making Informed Teacher Decisions
Authors: Watts‐Taffe Susan , (Barbara) Laster B.P. , Broach Laura , Marinak Barbara , McDonald Connor Carol , Walker‐Dalhouse Doris 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThis article addresses approaches to differentiating instruction to meet the needs of students whose literacy needs, interests, and strengths vary widely. This article was designed to support classroom teachers who understand the importance of differentiating instruction, but are unsure of how best to design and implement differentiation within the parameters of the classroom. The article begins by defining differentiated instruction and discussing its importance, including the role of differentiation with respect to diversity and with respect to Response to Intervention (RTI). The remainder of the article describes in detail two examples of differentiated instruction in classroom contexts. Each example is followed by a discussion of the research and decision‐making underlying the teacher's approach to differentiation. The article concludes with common characteristics of effective differentiation.