bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age-stratified analysis of the outcomes of craniotomy versus minimally invasive surgery in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Chen Chun-Yu , Huang Abel Po-Hao , Kuo Lu-Ting , Chen Chih-Hao , Kung Woon-Man , Tsai Hsin-Hsi , Chou Sheng-Chieh , Yang Shih-Hung , Wang Kuo-Chuan , Lai Dar-Ming , Lee Cheng-Chi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), accounting for approximately 15%–40% of all stroke events, results in severe neurological deficits. Currently, the primary surgical interventions for ICH are traditional craniotomy and minimally invasive surgery (MIS). This study was conducted to compare surgical outcomes between craniotomy and MIS in age-stratified patients with ICH.
Methods: This retrospective study included patients with spontaneous ICH who had undergone craniotomy or MIS between January 2013 and December 2018. The diagnosis of ICH was confirmed by head computed tomography. We included patients with ICH in the subcortical, putamen, or thalamic region with volume >15 mL. We excluded patients with secondary ICH due to tumors or vascular lesions, those with coagulopathy and using anticoagulants. The selected patients were stratified by age into younger (<65 years) and older (≥65 years) groups.
Results: The study cohort comprised 169 patients. The younger and older groups included 105 (62%) and 64 (38%) patients, respectively. Craniotomy and MIS were performed in 55 and 50 patients in the younger group and 37 and 27 patients in the older group, respectively. Between-group comparisons revealed significant age-based differences in Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores 1 and 6 months after surgery (p = 0.0067 and p = 0.0001) and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores 6 months after surgery (p = 0.0372). A post hoc analysis indicated that the 1-month, 6-month GCS, and 6-month GOS scores were significantly lower in the older group (p= 0.0146, p = 0.0003, and p = 0.0096, respectively). In the older group, 6-month GOS scores were significantly lower for patients undergoing craniotomy (p = 0.0332).
Conclusion: Hemorrhagic stroke carries high risks of mortality and morbidity. Age is a crucial factor that influences recovery. Our findings suggest that MIS yields favorable outcomes and should be prioritized for spontaneous ICH, particularly older patients.
Flavonoids of Euphorbia hirta inhibit inflammatory mechanisms via Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways
Authors: Bai Xiaolin , Li Lijun , Wu Yuning , Jie Bai 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Euphorbia hirta has anti-inflammatory effects in traditional medicine, but its anti-inflammatory mechanism has not been explored at the cellular and molecular levels. To this end, the main active components of the 65% and 95% ethanol extracts of Euphorbia hirta were first identified by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The potential targets and signaling pathway of Euphorbia hirta were identified through network pharmacology, followed by subsequent experimental validation using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation model in RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that the main active components were flavonoids. Network pharmacology revealed 71 potential targets for anti-inflammation, with a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network highlighting 8 cores targets, including IL-6, TNF, et al. Furthermore, Euphorbia hirta exert anti-inflammation effects through pathways such as Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathway. In vitro experiment showed that the 65% ethanol extract of Euphorbia hirta (EE65) and quercetin (HPG) in it exerted anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory genes related to the NF-κB signaling pathway, whereas baicalein (HCS) suppressed cellular inflammation by promoting the expression of genes related to the Nrf2 antioxidant pathway and apoptosis of inflammatory cells. The results of the study suggest that Euphorbia hirta has potential for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs.
Global, regional, and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease, 1990-2021: Insights from the global burden of disease 2021
Authors: Lin Daopo , Jin Yang , Shao Xiaoxiao , Xu Yuan , Ma Guolong , Jiang Yi , Xu Yinghe , Jiang Yongpo , Hu Dingyuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Purpose:The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is on the rise worldwide. We utilizes data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2021 to analyze the national-level burden of IBD, trends in disease incidence, and epidemiological characteristics.
Methods: Detailed information on IBD was gathered from 204 countries and territories spanning 1990 to 2021, sourced from the GBD 2021. Calculations were performed for incidence rates, mortality rates, disease-adjusted life years (DALYs), and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). These trends were analyzed based on region, nationality, age, gender, and World Bank income level stratifications.
Results:The global age-standardised incident rate (ASIR) of IBD increased from 4.22 per 100000 in 1990 to 4.45 per 100000 in 2021. However, the age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) decreased from 0.60 per 100000 in 1990 to 0.52 per 100000 in 2021. Similarly, the age-standardised DALYs rate decreased from 21.55 per 100000 in 1990 to 18.07 per 100000 in 2021. Gender comparisons showed negligible differences in disease burden. The greatest increase in IBD-associated ASIR and ASMR occurred in World Bank upper-middle income region (EAPCs, 1.25) and World Bank high-income region (EAPCs, 1.00), respectively. Regionally, East Asia experienced the largest increase in ASIR (EAPCs, 2.89). Among 204 countries, China had the greatest increases in ASIR (EAPCs, 2.93), Netherlands had the highest ASMR in 2021 (2.21 per 100000).
Conclusions: Global incidence rate of IBD have been increasing from 1990 to 2021, while the DALYs and mortality have been decreasing. The escalating incident rates in select Asian regions deserves further attention.
Effect of Mn2+ concentration on the growth of δ-MnO2 crystals under acidic conditions
Authors: Bi Liyan , Hu Haoran , Wang Lei , Li Zuran , Zhan Fangdong , He Yongmei , Zu Yanqun , Li Yuan , Liang Xinran 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

δMnO2 is an important component of environmental minerals and is among the strongest sorbents and oxidants. The crystalline morphology of δ-MnO2 is one of the key factors affecting its reactivity. In this work, δ-MnO2 was initially synthesized and placed in an acidic environment to react with Mn2+ and undergo a crystalline transformation. During the transformation of crystalline δ-MnO2, kinetic sampling was conducted, followed by analyses of the structures and morphologies of the samples. The results showed that at pH 2.5 and 4, δ-MnO2 nanoflakes spontaneously self-assembled into nanoribbons via edge-to-edge assembly in the initial stage. Subsequently, these nanoribbons attached to each other to form primary nanorods through a face-to-face assembly along the c-axis. These primary nanorods then assembled along the (001) planes and lateral surfaces, achieving further growth and thickening. Since a lower pH is more favorable for the formation of vacancies in δ-MnO2, δ-MnO2 can rapidly adsorb Mn2+ directly onto the vacancies to form tunnel walls. At the same time, the rapid formation of the tunnel walls leads to a quick establishment of hydrogen bonding between adjacent nanoribbons, enabling the assembly of these nanoribbons into primary nanorods. Therefore, in a solution with the same concentration of Mn2+, the structure transformation and morphology evolution of δ-MnO2 to α-MnO2 occur faster at pH 2.5 than at pH 4. These findings provide insights into the mechanism for crystal growth from layer-based to tunnel-based nanorods and methods for efficient and controlled syntheses of nanomaterials.
Optimising Plastic Injection Moulding: Integrating Sustainability and Process Parameters
Authors: Yus Anis Izzati Md , Turan Faiz Mohd , Adanan Nur Qurratul Ain 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Injection moulding is a widely used method for manufacturing plastic components, with the quality of the final product depending on various process factors managed throughout the procedure. Integrating sustainable manufacturing practices is crucial for mitigating ecological impacts while maintaining product excellence. Manufacturers need to balance product quality, procedural effectiveness, and environmental impact by evaluating how each parameter affects the product's quality and ecological footprint. While many focus on optimising process parameters, fewer consider integrating sustainability competency, which also affects parameter performance. This study aims to advance understanding by conducting experiments and analyses on these factors' influence on product quality. The incorporation of sustainability competency aims to empower individuals and entities to make informed choices that align with environmental, societal, and economic factors for a more sustainable and accountable future. The optimised model, with an error of less than 1%, quantifies the competency value bridging mechanical properties and comprehensive competency by integrating attitudinal factors. Parameter selection through Design of Experiments (DOE) and expert elicitation method contribute to this integration. Evolution from the foundational to the proficient model includes operational team and sustainability competency descriptors, providing context for innovation and knowledge creation highly valued by employers and stakeholders in a productive and streamlined setting. Additionally, this research contributes to the advancement of smart grid and sustainable energy applications by promoting energy-efficient manufacturing processes. By integrating renewable energy sources and smart grid technologies, the injection moulding industry can achieve significant reductions in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. This integration not only enhances the sustainability of manufacturing processes but also supports the broader transition to a more resilient and eco-friendly energy system.
Examination of Dynamic Characteristics of a CONEX Container in Dual Point Carriage from Simulation and Wind Tunnel Test
Authors: Chen Zhouzhou , Horn Joseph , Enciu Jacob , Raz Reuben , Rosen Aviv , Cicolani Luigi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

This paper discusses the observations and results from wind tunnel tests and simulations of an isolated 6x6x8 ft CONEX cargo container carried in a 2-point inverted-V suspension with a laterally active forward cargo hook (ACH). Wind tunnel tests on a model-scale configuration showed a growing roll-yaw limit cycle oscillation in forward flight with a progressive shifting of the load from the rear hook to the forward hook as the speed increased and eventual rear cable slackening. A simulation model of the full-scale load-suspension configuration was developed and achieved good agreement with the wind tunnel results after including the nonlinear stretching properties of the test cables and accounting for the unsteady aerodynamics of the CONEX. A lateral ACH controller design based on the linearized simulation model showed good load stabilization performance using lagged load attitude feedback. Load distribution to the two hooks could be controlled by cable length adjustments at the rear hook. This paper discusses the observations and results from wind tunnel tests and simulations of an isolated 6x6x8 ft CONEX cargo container carried in a 2-point inverted-V suspension with 1 a laterally active forward cargo hook (ACH). Wind tunnel tests on a model-scale configuration showed a growing roll-yaw limit cycle oscillation in forward flight with a progressive shifting of the load from the rear hook to the forward hook as the speed increased and eventual rear cable slackening. A simulation model of the full-scale load-suspension configuration was developed and achieved good agreement with the wind tunnel results after including the nonlinear stretching properties of the test cables and accounting for the unsteady aerodynamics of the CONEX. A lateral ACH controller design based on the linearized simulation model showed good load stabilization performance using lagged load attitude feedback. Load distribution to the two hooks could be controlled by cable length adjustments at the rear hook.
Simulated N deposition enhances recalcitrant POM occlusion in microaggregates within macroaggregates
Authors: Feng Yue , Chen Wei , Han Shijie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims:
Increased N availability transforms labile soil organic carbon (SOC) to recalcitrant SOC in N-limited forest soils under atmospheric N deposition. However, N-induced variation in SOC stability within aggregates is rarely studied. Thus, the mechanism of SOC sequestration in aggregates under N deposition was studied.
Methods
Soils from N-amended and adjacent forest fields were sampled and separated into macroaggregates, free microaggregates and silt and clay (SC) fractions. The microaggregates (mM), coarse particulate organic matter (cPOM), fine particulate organic matter (fPOM-mM and fPOM-m) and SC fractions (SC-M, SC-mM and SC-m) occluded in aggregates were further separated. Their fraction masses, carbon concentrations and lignin indexes were determined.
Results
The fraction masses of 1–2 mm macroaggregates, mM, SC-M, fPOM-mM and SC-mM increased with fragmentation of 2–8 mm macroaggregates under N addition. The carbon contents in mM, SC-M and SC-mM also increased with increasing mass. Nitrogen addition caused distinct lignin loss in the occluded SC fractions. Lignin oxidation occurred in mM, cPOM, fPOM-m and fPOM-mM, while mM and cPOM exhibited increased lignin/N ratios under N enrichment. The results indicate that N deposition facilitated preservation of recalcitrant fPOM rather than carbon-rich particles in mM. The N-induced increase in mM proportion in macroaggregates and carbon stability of fPOM in mM contributed to SOC sequestration in the studied fields.
Conclusion
The quantitative and qualitative changes in mM and fPOM within macroaggregates may predict the positive response of SOC sequestration in the 300-year-old forest to long-term atmospheric N deposition in the future.
Response to hydrometeorological changes and evaluation of habitat quality in the Dongting Lake basin, China
Authors: Wang Hongxiang , Bai Xiangyu , Zhou Mo , Ma Yinchu , Yuan Weiqi , Guo Wenxian 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

With the advancement of hydraulic engineering processes, surface water resources are encountering unprecedented crises that threaten social and ecological sustainability. This study analyzed the response changes and potential correlations between river conditions and climate change in the Dongting Lake (DTL) basin using gray correlation analysis and the LSTM model. Additionally, the InVEST model was employed to further assess the distribution of habitat quality within the basin. The results of the study showed that (1) the range of variation of environmental flows in each tributary became significantly narrower and the frequency of extreme hydrological conditions was reduced in the period after the abrupt hydrological change. (2) The hydrological status had a higher degree of correlation with the rainfall index, and the performance is more prominent on the Xiang River, and the influence of temperature is less. (3) Except in the Xiang River Basin, human activities are the dominant factor of runoff variation, and the annual contribution is generally higher than 50%. (4) Habitat quality in the ‘high’ distribution was the most guarded and always accounted for more than 60% of the basin, while habitat quality in the east-central part of the DTL basin and around the DTL was generally low.
Evaluating performance and suction limits of No.6 hand pumps with varying operational parameters
Authors: Shah Rakesh , Parajuli Arun P. , Ojha Rajit 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

Access to clean water remains a critical challenge in underdeveloped and developing regions, where suction hand pumps are a primary means of water extraction from shallow water tables. This study investigates the performance and suction limits of No.6 hand pumps under varying operational parameters, encompassing both controlled model settings and actual field conditions. Conducted in Birgunj, Nepal, an area heavily reliant on hand pumps, the research examines the influence of parameters (model/field condition, suction head, stroke speed, pipe diameter, and length) on discharge and volumetric efficiency. The findings demonstrate a significant impact of operational conditions on pump performance, with discharge and volumetric efficiency highly dependent on the tested parameters. Notably, the practical suction limit observed in field conditions (21.0 feet) is lower than in model tests (26.5 feet) for the same 1.5-inch diameter pipe, while the maximum suction limit is consistent for all cases (31.0–31.5 feet). These values represent the practical working limit and the failure point of hand pumps, providing valuable insights into their operational boundaries. The findings of this study underscore the importance of considering operational conditions for optimal hand pump performance, paving the way for enhanced water accessibility in developing countries.
Analysis of sewer blockage causes using open data
Authors: Kargar Katayoun , Joksimovic Darko 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Sewer blockages, a recurring issue, lead to backups, overflows, flooding, and environmental contamination. Various factors contribute to these blockages from simple clogs to collapsed sewers and inoperable pumping stations. Improper disposal of products labeled as ‘flushable’, and the degradation of sewer pipes further increases blockage frequency. Open data initiatives by various government levels provide valuable insights into factors contributing to sewer blockages, aiding in planning and operational management. This study utilized open data from Toronto to identify factors contributing to reported sewer blockages, focusing on physical sewer characteristics, population density, tree density, and precipitation. Geospatial analysis techniques, including hotspot analysis, ordinary least squares regression, and geographically weighted regression, were employed. The results revealed that tree root intrusion and the average age of pipes are significant factors contributing to blockages. These findings offer city managers insights to improve inspection and maintenance planning, refine scheduling, and develop strategies to reduce blockages, ensuring uninterrupted sewer operations.
A synoptic review of deficit irrigation methods: sustainable water-saving strategies in vegetable cultivation
Authors: Champaneri Dushyant Dipakkumar , Desai Ketan Dhirubhai , Sharma Vikas , Madane Dnyaneshwar Arjun , More Sanket Jijabrao 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT

It is elusive and highly challenging to sustain the productivity of vegetable commodities under limited available natural resources and anticipated future climatic scenarios. Amongst available natural resources, water remains the most limiting factor. Present vegetable cultivation practices involve the utilization of excessive quantities of water, thereby leading to the wastage of precious water resources. Therefore, sustainable management of irrigation water is crucial for future vegetable cultivation, as most vegetable crops are vulnerable to water scarcity at different growth stages, which can result in yield and post-harvest quality losses. Adoption of deficit irrigation (DI) is one of the sustainable irrigation water management approaches. DI is a sustainable water-saving approach, as irrigation water is applied in limited or lower quantities than the actual evapotranspiration-based crop water requirement. Strategic application of water at the right time and quantity with the right technique can greatly improve water use efficiency and water productivity. It could also enhance the post-harvest quality with marginal yield loss. Yield losses whatsoever could be compensated by expanding agricultural areas in water-scarce zones by adopting the DI strategy. This review discusses the concept and types of DI and examines its implications for the morpho-physiology and productivity of commercially important vegetable crops.
Efficient Green Solvent Extraction and Bioassay Studies of Favipiravir in Rat Dried Blood Spots Using Ionic Liquid-based Dispersive Liquid-liquid Microextraction (IL-DLLME) Coupled with HPLC-PDA: Application to Bioequivalence Studies
Authors: Rajashekhar Kasturi , Naidu Challa Gangu , Sai Pavan Kumar Chebolu Naga Sesha , Ramachandra Bondigalla 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Favipiravir is an antiviral drug having pyrazine group moiety. It is a reliable
and an efficient green solvent, and a highly recoverable bio-sampling method is required for
it. It is widely used in COVID-19 treatment for the prevention of the spread of viral infections in
the body.

Objective:
This proposed green solvent (ionic liquid)-based bioassay study aimed to quantify favipiravir
in rat-dried blood spots using Dispersive Liquid-liquid Microextraction (IL-DLLME).

Methods:
The proposed bioassay separation was achieved through an isocratic elution mode using
a hybrid silica-based ODS column (250 × 4.6 mm; 5 μm), a column temperature of 25°C, an injection
volume of 10 μL, a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, and a detector wavelength set at 310 nm. The
run time was less than 10 minutes. Mobile phase was delivered with acetonitrile, methanol, and 10
mM Na2HPO4 at pH 4.0 ± 0.5, (15: 20: 65, v/v/v). In a microtube, 50 mL of Ionic Liquid (IL), 500
μL of disperser ACN, 50 μL of 10% NaCl, and IS (20 ng mL-1) were added to perform the Dried
Blood Spot (DBS) sample extraction methodology. The advantages of the proposed methodology
have been found to include minimum hematocrit effect and an adequate blood volume for testing,
easy transportation, and significant extraction recovery. The sample analysis has been carried out
using HPLC-PDA with oseltamivir used as an internal standard.

Results:
We have investigated the important variables, i.e., salt concentration (10% NaCl, analyte
recovery being higher) and disperser solvent [50μL of BMIHP plus 500 μL of ACN (v/v) yielding
the highest recovery], in the extraction process. Extraction Recovery (ER) and Enrichment Factor
(EF) were also evaluated using the IL-DLLME method. The calibration curve examined a range
of 0.5-150 μg/mL, with a lower Limit of Quantification (LOQ) being 0.5 μg/mL in QC as well as
calibration samples, respectively.

Conclusion:
Significant bioanalytical validation has been performed and all the parameters have
been evaluated systematically as per bioanalytical method validation protocols, i.e., US FDA-
2018 guidelines. The following analytical parameters have been covered: standard curve, limit of
quantification, range, recovery, stability, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, ER, EF, and selectivity.
The developed bioassay method has been successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic studies of
rats and successfully applied in bulk drugs.