bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the active Universe with eROSITA
Authors: Salvato Mara 
Published: July 2014

AbstracteROSITA (extended Röntgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array) is the core instrument on the Russian Spektrum-Röntgen-Gamma (SRG) mission which is current scheduled for launch in Q4 2014. eROSITA will perform a deep survey of the entire X-ray sky. In the soft band (0.5–2 keV), it will be about 30 times more sensitive than ROSAT, while in the hard band (2–8 keV) it will provide the first ever true imaging survey of the sky. The design driving science is the detection of large samples of galaxy clusters up to redshifts z ~ 1, in order to study the large scale structure in the Universe and test cosmological models including Dark Energy. In addition, eROSITA is expected to yield a sample of about 3 million active galactic nuclei, which is bound to revolutionize our view of the evolution of supermassive black holes and their impact on the process of structure formation in the Universe. The survey will also provide new insights into a wide range of astrophysical phenomena, including isolated Neutron Stars and Black Holes, X-ray binaries, active stars and diffuse emission within the Galaxy, as well as more exotic ones such as gamma-ray bursts, tidal disruption of stars in galactic nuclei and binary black holes. In this talk I presented the main characteristics of the mission and focus on the scientific drivers for extragalactic all-sky surveys of AGN. All what was presented at the Symposium (plots, simulations, expected numbers of various kind of sources –QSO, obscured and CT AGN– their properties and evolution with redshift) can be found in the official eROSITA Science Book (Merloni et al., 2012).
Social cycling and conditional responses in the Rock-Paper-Scissors game
Authors: Wang Zhijian , Xu Bin , Zhou Hai-Jun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHow humans make decisions in non-cooperative strategic interactions is a big question. For the fundamental Rock-Paper-Scissors (RPS) model game system, classic Nash equilibrium (NE) theory predicts that players randomize completely their action choices to avoid being exploited, while evolutionary game theory of bounded rationality in general predicts persistent cyclic motions, especially in finite populations. However as empirical studies have been relatively sparse, it is still a controversial issue as to which theoretical framework is more appropriate to describe decision-making of human subjects. Here we observe population-level persistent cyclic motions in a laboratory experiment of the discrete-time iterated RPS game under the traditional random pairwise-matching protocol. This collective behavior contradicts with the NE theory but is quantitatively explained, without any adjustable parameter, by a microscopic model of win-lose-tie conditional response. Theoretical calculations suggest that if all players adopt the same optimized conditional response strategy, their accumulated payoff will be much higher than the reference value of the NE mixed strategy. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of understanding human competition behaviors from the angle of non-equilibrium statistical physics.
Highly efficient wireless power transfer using metamaterial slab with zero refractive property
Authors: Kim Hyoungjun , Seo Chulhun 
Published: July 2014

A highly efficient wireless power transfer using a metamaterial slab with a zero refractive property is proposed. The proposed metamaterial slab consists of a spiral structure, a lumped element and a via through the ground. A prototype of a wireless power transfer system and a metamaterial slab was designed and fabricated. Experiment results prove the transfer efficiency improvement with the proposed metamaterial slab. The power transfer efficiency is improved by reducing the radiation loss through focusing the magnetic field. The power transfer efficiency is above 45% at a distance of 100–150 mm, and the resonant frequency is 6.78 MHz. The sizes of the transmitting coil and the metamaterial slab are 140 × 210 mm and 50 × 70 mm, respectively.
Ultra‐low‐power quadrature VCO for 2.4 GHz‐band IEEE 802.15.4 standard
Authors: Jalalifar M. , Byun G.‐S. 
Published: July 2014

A fully integrated quadrature voltage‐controlled oscillator (QVCO) for IEEE 802.15.4 transceivers is presented. The QVCO supports the 2.4 GHz unlicensed industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band. The proposed QVCO generates 2.25–2.9 GHz covering 2.4 GHz transceivers. Quadrature coupling between the VCO cores is achieved using common source transistors which have their drains directly connected to the supply voltage. By using this structure, the effect of 1/f noise up‐conversion in the phase‐noise performance could be reduced. The QVCO achieves a measured phase noise of −116.74 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset with a centre frequency of 2.5 GHz. The proposed QVCO consumes 0.55 mW from a 0.45 V supply voltage and is implemented in a standard 0.13 μm CMOS process with a core area of 0.315 mm2.
Monolithic InP‐based coherent transmitter photonic integrated circuit with 2.25 Tbit/s capacity
Authors: Summers J. , Vallaitis T. , Evans P. , Ziari M. , Studenkov P. , Fisher M. , Sena J. , James A. , Corzine S. , Pavinski D. , Ou‐Yang J. , Missey M. , Gold D. , Williams W. , Lai M. , Welch D. , Kish F. 
Published: July 2014

A monolithic dual‐polarisation quadrature phase shift keying transmitter is demonstrated for operation at 2.25 Tbit/s over 40 wavelengths and 1 THz of spectral bandwidth. The single‐chip InP‐based transmitter employs 40 tunable distributed feedback lasers, 80 nested Mach‐Zehnder modulators and other elements to provide more than 1700 integrated photonic functions.
Static synchronous compensator‐variable frequency drive for voltage and frequency control of small‐hydro driven self‐excited induction generators system
Authors: Singh Bhim , Murthy Shikaripur Srinivasa , Chilipi Rajasekhara Reddy , Madishetti Sandeep , Bhuvaneswari Gurumoorthy 
Published: July 2014

In this study, a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) along with a variable frequency drive (VFD), is proposed for voltage and frequency control of a small‐hydro turbine driven self‐excited induction generator (SEIG) system. STATCOM is used to control SEIG terminal voltage through variable reactive power injection. A control algorithm based on adaptive noise cancellation filter is proposed for STATCOM control. A field oriented controlled VFD feeding an induction motor is used to control system frequency. The VFD consumes active power in excess of consumer loads and thereby it regulates the system frequency. The excess power consumed by the VFD is utilised for pumping water to either an overhead storage tank or irrigation purposes. Besides the voltage control as primary objective, the STATCOM also provides harmonic currents compensation and load balancing under unbalanced non‐linear loads. The proposed method of voltage and frequency control using STATCOM‐VFD combination is implemented on a 3.7 kW SEIG and the test results are presented to demonstrate its performance.
Fast handover control scheme for multi‐node using the group‐based approach
Authors: Chiang Meng‐Shu , Huang Chung‐Ming , Tuan Dao Duy 
Published: July 2014

The fast handover Mobile IPv6 (FMIPv6) offers a handover preparation mechanism for a mobile node (MN) to reduce the handover latency over wireless network. However, FMIPv6 mainly deals with one MN instead of multiple MNs. In the wireless network, a group of MNs may move from the same previous network to the next network. In this paper, a group‐based fast handover (GB‐FH) control scheme is proposed to resolve the aforementioned problem. For the proposed GB‐FH scheme, one MN initiates a handover preparation and other neighboring MNs can join the handover preparation using the “hitch‐and‐ride” concept, which means that when one MN is preparing for a handover, its neighbours can join the on‐going handover preparation. Through the use of the shared invocation of the handover preparation procedure, (1) the handover preparation delay and handover latency can be reduced for about 20% and 8% respectively comparing with FMIPv6, (2) handover control messages can be reduced for about 57% comparing with FMIPv6 and (3) the contention of the wireless channel for multiple MNs can be improved due to the use of fewer control messages.
High‐performance Brillouin distributed temperature sensor using Fourier wavelet regularised deconvolution algorithm
Authors: Pradhan Himansu Shekhar , Sahu Prasant Kumar 
Published: July 2014

In this study, the authors presented a distributed optical fibre temperature sensor whose performance is improved using the optimisation techniques and Fourier wavelet regularised deconvolution (ForWaRD) method. As the input power launched into the sensing fibre is critical, the authors have considered both conventional optimisation technique and evolutionary optimisation techniques namely: genetic algorithm, differential evolution algorithm and particle swarm optimisation algorithm to increase the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) threshold power. Using the optimised value of the parameters and employing evolutionary computing techniques, the proposed 50 km long temperature sensing system offers a 4.7 dB improvement in SBS threshold power over the design of experiment based system. It is being verified that power of the backscattered signals approximately are the convolution of the input pulsed power and corresponding backscatter optical fibre impulse responses. The Fourier wavelet regularised deconvolution (ForWaRD) method is employed to improve the spatial resolution of the proposed sensing system without reducing the pulse width of the input pulse. Employing ForWaRD technique a 10 m better spatial resolution observed as compared with the Fourier deconvolution technique. The proposed 50 km long temperature sensing system exhibits a temperature resolution of 1.85 K because of suppression of SBS threshold and noise reduction.
Theoretical modelling of mercury cadmium telluride mid‐wave detector for high temperature operation
Authors: Martyniuk Piotr , Gawron Waldemar , Stanaszek Dariusz , Pusz Wioletta , Rogalski Antoni 
Published: July 2014

This study reports on photoelectrical performance: detectivity and response time of mid‐wave infrared (MWIR) (111) mercury cadmium telluride (MCT/HgCdTe) detectors under high operating temperature (HOT) conditions. The detector structure was simulated with the numerical platform APSYS by Crosslight Inc. A detailed analysis of the detectivity and response time as a function of device architecture and applied bias was performed to optimise the working conditions. The detectivity and time response of the MWIR HgCdTe detector with 50% cut‐off wavelength of λc ≃ 5.3 μm at T = 200 K were estimated to be D* = 2.6 × 1011 cm Hz1/2 /W and τs ≃ 1650 ps, respectively, for V = 200 mV with a series resistance, RSeries = 380 Ω. Reducing the series resistance limits the response time to the τs ≃ 500 ps range.
Analysis, design and performance of a soft‐switching single‐phase inverter
Authors: Wang Chien‐Ming , Lin Chang‐Hua , Lin Hsin‐Yi , Hsu Shih‐Yung 
Published: July 2014

A soft‐switching pulse‐width modulation (PWM) single‐phase inverter using a voltage clamp soft‐switching step‐up/down dc link is proposed in this study. The proposed voltage clamp soft‐switching step‐up/down DC link not only provides the switches in the section of conventional PWM buck inverter operate at zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS), but it has a step‐up/down input voltage function and the switches in itself also operate at ZVS. Thus, except for the switch in the section of ZVS‐PWM auxiliary circuit, all power semiconductor devices in proposed inverter operate at ZVS turn‐on and turn‐off. The switch in the section of ZVS‐PWM auxiliary circuit operates at zero‐current‐switching (ZCS) turn‐on and turn‐off. Besides operating at constant frequency, the proposed inverter has no voltage stress and current stress on the main switch compared to the hard switching inverter counterpart. Auxiliary components rated at very small current are used. The principle of operation, theoretical analysis and experimental results of the proposed soft‐switching inverter, rated 1 kW and operated at 40 kHz, are provided in this study to verify the performance.
Modelling and calibration of microthermal sensor for underwater wall shear stress measurement
Authors: Li Xiaoying , Li Yanbing , Ma Binghe , Wang Leitao 
Published: July 2014

To measure underwater wall shear stress, a calibration method for a microthermal sensor is studied. In CC (constant current) mode, a mathematical model which quantitatively describes the relationship between the output of the thermal sensor and the wall shear stress is presented. A well‐characterised water tunnel was set up to provide a series of known wall shear stresses in the range of 0–5 Pa. Calibration results prove the proposed model and characterise the thermal sensor precisely. The consistency of the parameters indicates that the performance of the thermal sensor keeps stable in water while driven by electricity. The R ‐squares in all calibrations exceed 0.995. The deviations between the predicted and the generated wall shear stress are about 5%.
Localization of 9- and 13-oxo-octadecadienoic acids in tomato fruit
Authors: Takahashi Haruya , Kamakari Kosuke , Suzuki Hideyuki , Mohri Shinsuke , Goto Tsuyoshi , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Matsumura Yasuki , Shibata Daisuke , Kawada Teruo 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
We previously reported that the two peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α agonists, 9- and 13-oxo-octadecadienoic acids (oxo-ODAs), were found in the tomato fruit. However, their localization remains unknown. Herein, we showed that oxo-ODAs localize primarily in the fruit peel and their amount increases after the homogenization of the tomato fruit.
Cysteine-2 and Cys30 are essential for chlorophyll-binding activity of the water-soluble chlorophyll-binding protein (WSCP) ofChenopodium album
Authors: Takahashi Shigekazu , Seki Yumiko , Uchida Akira , Nakayama Katsumi , Satoh Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2014

AbstractChenopodium album has a non-photosynthetic chlorophyll protein known as the water-soluble chlorophyll (Chl)-binding protein (WSCP). The C. album WSCP (CaWSCP) is able to photoconvert the chlorin skeleton of Chl a into a bacteriochlorin-like skeleton. Reducing reagents such as β-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol inhibit photoconversion, indicating that S–S bridge(s) in CaWSCP are quite important for it. Recently, we found that the mature region of CaWSCP contains five cysteine residues; Cys2, Cys30, Cys48, Cys63, and Cys144. To identify which cysteine residues are involved in the photoconversion, we generated five mutants (C2S, C30S, C48S, C63S, and C144S) by site-directed mutagenesis. Interestingly, C48S, C63S, and C144S mutants showed the same Chl-binding activity and photoconvertibility as those of the recombinant wild-type CaWSCP-His, while the C2S and C30S mutants completely lost Chl-binding activity. Our findings indicated that the S–S bridge between Cys2 and Cys30 in each CaWSCP subunit is essential for Chl-binding activity.
Preventing the Transmission of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms: Modeling the Relative Importance of Hand Hygiene and Environmental Cleaning Interventions
Authors: Barnes Sean L. , Morgan Daniel J. , Harris Anthony D. , Carling Phillip C. , Thom Kerri A. 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveHand hygiene and environmental cleaning are essential infection prevention strategies, but the relative impact of each is unknown. This information is important in assessing resource allocation.MethodsWe developed an agent-based model of patient-to-patient transmission—via the hands of transiently colonized healthcare workers and incompletely terminally cleaned rooms—in a 20-patient intensive care unit. Nurses and physicians were modeled and had distinct hand hygiene compliance levels on entry and exit to patient rooms. We simulated the transmission of Acinetobacter baumannii, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci for 1 year using data from the literature and observed data to inform model input parameters.ResultsWe simulated 175 parameter-based scenarios and compared the effects of hand hygiene and environmental cleaning on rates of multidrug-resistant organism acquisition. For all organisms, increases in hand hygiene compliance outperformed equal increases in thoroughness of terminal cleaning. From baseline, a 2∶1 improvement in terminal cleaning compared with hand hygiene was required to match an equal reduction in acquisition rates (eg, a 20% improvement in terminal cleaning was required to match the reduction in acquisition due to a 10% improvement in hand hygiene compliance).ConclusionsHand hygiene should remain a priority for infection control programs, but environmental cleaning can have significant benefit for hospitals or individual hospital units that have either high hand hygiene compliance levels or low terminal cleaning thoroughness.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35(9):1156-1162
On the irreducibility of irreducible characters of simple Lie algebras
Authors: Rajan C. 
Published: July 2014

We establish an irreducibility property for the characters of finite dimensional, irreducible representations of simple Lie algebras (or simple algebraic groups) over the complex numbers, i.e., that the characters of irreducible representations are irreducible after dividing out by (generalized) Weyl denominator type factors.

For

S
L
(
r
)

SL(r)

the irreducibility result is the following: let

λ
=
(

a
1

≥

a
2

≥
⋯
≥

a

r
−
1

≥
0
)

\lambda =(a_1\geq a_2\geq \cdots \geq a_{r-1}\geq 0)

be the highest weight of an irreducible rational representation

V

λ

V_{\lambda }

of

S
L
(
r
)

SL(r)

. Assume that the integers

a
1

+
r
−
1
,

a
2

+
r
−
2
,
⋯
,

a

r
−
1

+
1

a_1+r-1, ~a_2+r-2, \cdots , a_{r-1}+1

are relatively prime. Then the character

χ

λ

\chi _{\lambda }

of

V

λ

V_{\lambda }

is strongly irreducible in the following sense: for any natural number

d
d

, the function

χ

λ

(

g
d

)
,

g
∈
S
L
(
r
,

C

)

\chi _{\lambda }(g^d), ~g\in SL(r,\mathbb {C})

is irreducible in the ring of regular functions of

S
L
(
r
,

C

)

SL(r,\mathbb {C})

.
Systematic analysis of gene properties influencing organ system phenotypes in mammalian perturbations
Authors: Vogt Ingo , Prinz Jeanette , Worf Karolina , Campillos Monica 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Motivation: Diseases and adverse drug reactions are frequently caused by disruptions in gene functionality. Gaining insight into the global system properties governing the relationships between genotype and phenotype is thus crucial to understand and interfere with perturbations in complex organisms such as diseases states.
Results: We present a systematic analysis of phenotypic information of 5047 perturbations of single genes in mice, 4766 human diseases and 1666 drugs that examines the relationships between different gene properties and the phenotypic impact at the organ system level in mammalian organisms. We observe that while single gene perturbations and alterations of nonessential, tissue-specific genes or those with low betweenness centrality in protein–protein interaction networks often show organ-specific effects, multiple gene alterations resulting e.g. from complex disorders and drug treatments have a more widespread impact. Interestingly, certain cellular localizations are distinctly associated to systemic effects in monogenic disease genes and mouse gene perturbations, such as the lumen of intracellular organelles and transcription factor complexes, respectively. In summary, we show that the broadness of the phenotypic effect is clearly related to certain gene properties and is an indicator of the severity of perturbations. This work contributes to the understanding of gene properties influencing the systemic effects of diseases and drugs.
Contact: monica.campillos@helmholtz-muenchen.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Inferring condition-specific miRNA activity from matched miRNA and mRNA expression data
Authors: Zhang Junpeng , Le Thuc Duy , Liu Lin , Liu Bing , He Jianfeng , Goodall Gregory J. , Li Jiuyong 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Motivation: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in complex cellular networks by binding to the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of protein coding genes. It has been found that miRNA regulation is often condition-specific. A number of computational approaches have been developed to identify miRNA activity specific to a condition of interest using gene expression data. However, most of the methods only use the data in a single condition, and thus, the activity discovered may not be unique to the condition of interest. Additionally, these methods are based on statistical associations between the gene expression levels of miRNAs and mRNAs, so they may not be able to reveal real gene regulatory relationships, which are causal relationships.
Results: We propose a novel method to infer condition-specific miRNA activity by considering (i) the difference between the regulatory behavior that an miRNA has in the condition of interest and its behavior in the other conditions; (ii) the causal semantics of miRNA–mRNA relationships. The method is applied to the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and multi-class cancer (MCC) datasets. The validation by the results of transfection experiments shows that our approach is effective in discovering significant miRNA–mRNA interactions. Functional and pathway analysis and literature validation indicate that the identified active miRNAs are closely associated with the specific biological processes, diseases and pathways. More detailed analysis of the activity of the active miRNAs implies that some active miRNAs show different regulation types in different conditions, but some have the same regulation types and their activity only differs in different conditions in the strengths of regulation.
Availability and implementation: The R and Matlab scripts are in the Supplementary materials .
Contact: jiuyong.li@unisa.edu.au
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
FisHiCal: an R package for iterative FISH-based calibration of Hi-C data
Authors: Shavit Yoli , Hamey Fiona Kathryn , Lio Pietro 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Summary: The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method has been providing valuable information on physical distances between loci (via image analysis) for several decades. Recently, high-throughput data on nearby chemical contacts between and within chromosomes became available with the Hi-C method. Here, we present FisHiCal, an R package for an iterative FISH-based Hi-C calibration that exploits in full the information coming from these methods. We describe here our calibration model and present 3D inference methods that we have developed for increasing its usability, namely, 3D reconstruction through local stress minimization and detection of spatial inconsistencies. We next confirm our calibration across three human cell lines and explain how the output of our methods could inform our model, defining an iterative calibration pipeline, with applications for quality assessment and meta-analysis.
Availability and implementation: FisHiCal v1.1 is available from http://cran.r-project.org/ .
Contact: ys388@cam.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary Data is available at Bioinformatics online.
The Relationship between Article 101(1) and Article 101(3) TFEU
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter examines the relationship between Article 101(1) and Article 101(3). It focuses on the substantive question of which agreements restrict competition and/or meet the Article 101(3) criteria.