bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Risk Factors and Diabetic Complications on Peripheral Nerve Function in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Rodica Bălașa , Bajko Z. , Maier Smaranda , Voidăzan S. , Moțățăianu Anca 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of age, diabetes duration, glycaemic control, existence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN), retinopathy and of macroangiopathy on the peripheral nerve function in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: One hundred forty-nine type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were assessed with peripheral motor and sensory nerve conduction tests and cardiovascular reflex tests, as well as being evaluated for retinopathy, common carotid artery intimal-media-thickness (IMT) and anklebrachial index (ABI).
Results: The duration of diabetes has the strongest effect in the reduction of the amplitude of motor response in the peroneal nerve and of the sensory amplitude in the sural nerve. The strongest correlations were found between glycaemic control and decreasing motor amplitude in the median nerve and sensory amplitude in the sural nerve, respectively. The motor and sensory nerve action potential amplitudes were significantly affected in the group of patients with CAN. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, duration of diabetes and presence of CAN were the most important factors that influenced the motor and sensory nerve function.
Conclusion: The presence of CAN together with diabetes duration and poor glycaemic control were associated with impaired peripheral nerve function, while macroangiopathy does not seem to be associated with the impairment of these electrophysiological parameters.
Predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Pop Crina , Kozma B. , Drasovean Silvia , Dobru Daniela , Boeriu Alina 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Background and aim: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most important health problem, with an increasing incidence worldwide. The aim of the present study was to determine the factors that predict HCC occurrence in a group of patients with liver cirrhosis developed on various etiologies.
Material and Methods: A total of 282 consecutive patients with liver cirrhosis seen between January 1, 2013 and July 31, 2014 were enrolled in a prospective study. Data from patient’s history, physical exams, laboratory tests and abdominal ultrasound were collected.
Results: 282 patients were included in the study with a median age of 59.6 and a male/female ratio of 1.38/1; 12.41% (35) were diagnosed with HCC. Alcohol consumption was documented in 19 cases (54.28%), without statistical association (p=0.621), and 7 (20%) were smokers (p=0.403). According to etiological factors of liver cirrhosis: 7 (20%) had background B virus infection, 15 (42.85%) HCV infection and 11 (31.42%) cases incriminated other causes of cirrhosis (alcohol). Chi2 test identified a statistically significant association between the occurrence of HCC and viral etiology of cirrhosis (p = 0.001, r = 18,830). No statistical association was found between Child Pugh scoring of cirrhosis and HCC (p=0.774) and a statistically significant association but inversely proportional was identified between neoplasia and obesity (p=0.008, r= -0.157).
Conclusion: In conclusion the viral etiology of liver cirrhosis is found to be an important risk factor for HCC, and liver cancer was inversely associated with nutritional status.
Effect of Level of Spirulina Supplementation on the Fatty Acid Compositions of Adipose, Muscle, Heart, Kidney and Liver Tissues in Australian Dual-Purpose Lambs
Authors: Kashani Arash , Holman Benjamin William Behrens , Nichols Peter David , Malau-Aduli Aduli Enoch Othniel 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
This study investigated the effect of level of Spirulina supplementation on the fatty acid (FA ) compositions of subcutaneous adipose, longissimus dorsi muscle, kidney, heart, and liver tissues in purebred and crossbred Australian Merino sheep. Forty-eight lambs sired by Black Suffolk, White Suffolk, Dorset and Merino rams were assigned into 4 treatment groups of daily Spirulina supplementation levels per lamb of 0 mL (control), 50 mL (low), 100 mL (medium) and 200 mL (high) referred to as 0, 5, 10 and 20% groups. The lambs were slaughtered after 9 weeks of supplementation and heart, kidney, adipose, liver and muscle tissue samples were collected. The results demonstrated significant variations in growth and body conformation traits and tissue and organ FA composition in response to the Spirulina supplementation. The medium-level Spirulina treatment group increased the ω-3 and ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA ) composition in all tissues and organs significantly. The results suggest the use of medium level (100 mL/head/day) of Spirulina supplementation in order to increase lamb production with more ω-3 and ω-6 PUFA and therefore higher nutritional meat quality.
Focus tolerance influenced by source size in Talbot lithography
Authors: Sato Takashi , Yamada Akiko , Suto Takeshi 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Using a simulation, we investigate the effects of the light source size and derive an effective method for suppression of the subfringes that appear in ArF Talbot lithography, which has been proposed for submicron pattern transfer applications. The appearance of the subfringes, which were caused by interference, was related to the size of the light source. If an appropriate light source size is chosen, then, a large process window can be obtained. Guidelines for source size selection are given.
A new species of Entobdella Blainville in Lamarck, 1818 (Monogenea: Capsalidae: Entobdellinae) from the Greenland halibut, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides
Authors: Kearn Graham , Karlsbakk Egil , Evans-Gowing Richard , Gerasev Pavel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA previously undescribed species of Entobdella is reported from the skin of the Greenland halibut, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Pleuronectiformes, Pleuronectidae). Entobdella whittingtoni sp. nov. differs from other species of Entobdella, including skin parasites of the related pleuronectids Hippoglossus hippoglossus (Atlantic halibut) and H. stenolepis (Pacific halibut), in lacking papillae on the ventral surface of the haptor. Other characteristics of E. whittingtoni are as follows: the absence of vitelline follicles lateral to the pharynx thereby exposing gut caeca in this region of whole mounts; the presence of a circular feature of unknown function, resembling a rosette in sections, attached to the wall of the internal male accessory reservoir; the lack of eyes. Papillae are also absent from the ventral surface of the haptor of the gill-parasitic entobdelline Branchobdella pugetensis, a gill parasite of the pleuronectid Atheresthes stomias. This raises the question as to whether this gill parasite has evolved from a skin-parasitic ancestor similar to E. whittingtoni. An answer to this question requires a more detailed study of the male reproductive apparatus of B. pugetensis and the use of molecular techniques to explore the relationship between B. pugetensis and E. whittingtoni
Molecular epidemiology, risk factors and hematochemical alterations induced by Theileria annulata in bovines of Punjab (India)
Authors: Tuli Ashuma , Singla Lachhman Das , Sharma Amrita , Bal Mandeep Singh , Filia Gursimran , Kaur Paramjit 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBovine tropical theileriosis, caused by Theileria annulata, is one of the economically important fatal tick borne haemoprotozoan diseases of dairy animals. The aim of present investigation was to map the distribution of T. annulata in bovines of Punjab state of India in relation to various risk factors including age, sex of animals, location and management of farms. In a cross sectional study, a total of 1278 blood samples were randomly collected from twenty districts falling in five major agro-climatic zones of Punjab. All the samples were screened by blood smear examination followed by polymerase chain reaction targeting SSU rRNA gene for Theileria spp. PCR positive samples (n = 386) for Theileria spp. were then analyzed for T. annulata by amplification of Tams1 gene. Overall prevalence of T. annulata was found to be 29.26% in Punjab, with highest in western Zone (40.49%, 95% CI = 35.57-45.41) and lowest in submountain zone (18.90%, 95% CI = 13.73-24.06). The propensity of incidence of T. annulata was found to be highest in cross bred cattle (32.40%, 95% CI = 29.87-34.94), followed by indigenous cattle (19.64%, 95% CI = 10.67-28.61) and buffaloes (19.2%, 95% CI = 14.99-23.41). Between the two sexes, incidence of T. annulata was higher in female animals. Calves less than 6 months of age were found to be more prone to theileriosis.
Redescription and genetic characterization of Philometra lagocephali Moravec et Justine 2008 (Nematoda: Philometridae) from Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch and Schneider) (Tetraodontiformes: Tetradontidae) in the South China Sea
Authors: Wang Shu-Xia , Li Liang , Zhang Lu-Ping 
Published: June 2015

AbstractPhilometra lagocephali Moravec et Justine, 2008 was redescribed using light and scanning electron microscopy based on the new material collected from the lunartail puffer Lagocephalus lunaris (Bloch et Schneider) (Tetraodontiformes: Tetradontidae) in the South China Sea. Our specimens are identical with the original description in the body size of gravid female, the width of cephalic and caudal end, the number and arrangement of cephalic papillae, the relative length of the oesophagus to body length, the size of ventriculus, the morphology of oesophageal bulb and posterior end, and the body size of larvae. In addition, specimens of P. lagocephali were also characterized using molecular methods by sequencing and analysing the small ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA) and mitochondrial cytochrome c coxidase subunit 1 (cox1) target regions. Phylogenetic analyses of genus Philometra base on 18S rDNA sequences was made using Mega 5.2. The results confirmed P. lagocephali is a valid species. It’s the first molecular study of this species. These new morphological and molecular data contributed to a more precise and rapid diagnosis of this hitherto poorly known philometrid nematode.
Prevalence and genotype of Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle from Northern and Northeastern part of Thailand
Authors: Inpankaew Tawin , Jiyipong Tawisa , Thadtapong Nalumon , Kengradomkij Chanya , Pinyopanuwat Nongnuch , Chimnoi Wissanuwat , Jittapalapong Sathaporn 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe aims of this study were to determine prevalence and genotype of Giardia duodenalis in feces of dairy cattle from the northern part and the northeastern part of Thailand. A total of 900 fecal samples were collected directly from rectum and examined by using zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation technique and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis in dairy cows was 5.0 % (45/900) by zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation and 6.0 % (54/900) by PCR. Genotypes of G. duodenalis found in this study were Assemblage AI and E. The results indicated that dairy cattle may act as a potential risk of Giardia transmission among animals and humans (especially Assemblage AI).
Comparison of pathogens infection level in Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) beetles sampled in pheromone traps and at place of overwintering
Authors: Lukášová Karolina , Holuša Jaroslav 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe importance of pathogens in the population dynamics of Ips typographus remains a subject of ongoing debate. The main objective of our experiment was to compare the pathogen infection levels of individuals overwintering in bark with the levels of individuals from the same population captured with pheromone traps and thereby to determine primary answers as to whether it can be confirmed that pathogenic organisms affect the flight ability of bark beetles or their ability to leave their places of overwintering. A total of 402 I. typographus individuals were analyzed at a study location under limited management. Three pathogens were confirmed to be present: the gregarine Gregarina typographi, the virus ItEPV, and the microsporidium Nosema typographi. Infection levels of Gregarina typographi and ItEPV were the same in beetles collected at places of overwintering and in those beetles collected in pheromone traps within the immediate vicinity. As these pathogens infect the host’s intestine, the tendency to leave the places of overwintering is apparently not diminished. A similar analysis and comparison of pathogens located in the fat body might bring different results, as our study only detected N. typographi in a single dissected adult spruce bark beetle.
The first report of Trichinella pseudospiralis presence in domestic swine and T. britovi in wild boar in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Santrac Violeta , Nedic Drago N. , Maric Jelena , Nikolic Sonja , Stevanovic Oliver , Vasilev Sasa , Cvetkovic Jelena , Sofronic-Milosavljevic Ljiljana 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe Balkans is endemic for nematodes of the genus Trichinella in both domestic and wild animals. The high prevalence of these zoonotic pathogens in animals linked with the food habits to consume raw meat and meat derived products resulted in a very high prevalence of trichinellosis in humans living in this European region. In spite of numerous epidemiological investigations carried out in this region, very few information is available on the Trichinella species circulating in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Trichinella spp. larvae were isolated from a domestic pig reared in a backyard and from a hunted wild boar whose meat had been the source of trichinellosis in one case. Both Trichinella pseudospiralis and T. spiralis have been identified in the domestic pig, whereas, T. britovi was detected in the wild boar. While, T. spiralis is the Trichinella species most frequently detected in domestic pigs, T. pseudospiralis has been previously documented in domestic pigs only three times in Russia, Slovakia and Croatia. The detection of T. britovi in the wild boar confirms that this nematode is the most frequent species circulating among wildlife of Europe.
Evaluation of reactivity to Echinococcus spp. among rural inhabitants in Poland
Authors: Cisak Ewa , Sroka Jacek , Wójcik-Fatla Angelina , Zając Violetta , Dutkiewicz Jacek 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA group of 172 rural inhabitants from eastern Poland (68 males and 104 females, mean age 49.0 ± 12.0 years) was examined for the presence of antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. A population of 38 healthy urban dwellers from the city of Lublin (17 males and 21 females, mean age 36.2 ± 9.6 years) were examined as a control group. Sera of 22 rural inhabitants (12.8%) reacted positively to Echinococcus granulosus hydatid fluid antigen in the screening test. A cross-reactivity was observed with two serum samples that tested positive in ELISA for E. granulosus. Three serum samples were tested positive for E. multilocularis using the Em2plus ELISA assay and also positive for Western blot. None of the members of control group showed the presence of a seropositive reaction to Echinococcus spp. The reactivity to Echinococcus spp. among rural inhabitants decreased with age and this correlation was statistically significant (R = -0.197151, p = 0.009535). The percentage of positive findings was the highest (50.0%) in the youngest age group (14-20). No significant correlations were found between responses to interview questions (possession of domestic and farm animals, contact with wild animals, eating unwashed berries, drinking unboiled water) and the presence of seropositive reactions to Echinococcus spp. The presented results seem to indicate that echinococcosis is still a current problem in Poland that should not be neglected and, moreover, indicates the need for improvement in the routine laboratory diagnostics of Echinococcus spp. by standardizing the ELISA and Western blot tests.
Wild boars meat as a potential source of human trichinellosis in Poland: current data
Authors: Moskwa Bożena , Cybulska Aleksandra , Kornacka Aleksandra , Cabaj Władysław , Bień Justyna 
Published: June 2015

AbstractTrichinellosis is an epidemiological problem with a global distribution. In Poland a substantial increase of the wild boar population has been observed since 2010, together with an increased incidence of trichinellosis after ingestion of raw or undercooked wild boar products containing Trichinella spp. larvae. However, the actual number of human cases remains particularly difficult to determine. The aim of the present study was to determine the current prevalence and spread of these parasites within wild boars. The diaphragm pillars and tongue from 833 wild boars were collected from 2010 to 2014, as well as one wild boar meat sausage known to be a source of infection. The samples were tested for Trichinella spp. using pepsin digestion. Recovered larvae were identified at species level by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR). The overall prevalence in all examined samples was found to be 2.0% (17/833). Recovered larvae were identified as T. spiralis and T. britovi (9/18 and 5/18, respectively). T. spiralis larvae were isolated from the sausage. Mixed infection was confirmed only once. Three isolates were not identified. The results of our study confirm that the wild boar plays a key role in the maintenance of Trichinella nematodes through the sylvatic cycle.
Fatal Paratanaisia bragai (Digenea: Eucotylidae) infection in scarlet macaws (Ara macao) in Costa Rica
Authors: Alfaro-Alarcón Alejandro , Morales Juan Alberto , Veneziano Vincenzo , Santoro Mario 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe report on four fatal cases of renal infection due to Paratanaisia bragai in scarlet macaws (Ara macao) from two rescue centres in Costa Rica. At necropsy, birds had severe dehydration and cachexia. Two birds had hydropericardium, oedematous lungs, and liver lipidic degeneration. All birds had enlarged kidneys with brown pale discoloration and diffuse white spots on the cortical and sliced surfaces. Ureters were filled with many specimens of P. bragai. Histopathologically, the urinary system revealed multifocal interstitial lymphocytic-plasmacytic nephritis, multifocal mineralization of renal tubules, and interstitial fibrosis associated with flukes. Death of all scarlet macaws was related to severe nephritis leading to chronic renal failure due to P. bragai infection. It is plausible that P. bragai infection of scarlet macaws was accidental due to ingestion of the gastropod intermediate host inside the cages during the rainy season when humidity is higher and gastropods are more active. This represents the second report of parasitism by Eucotylidae digeneans in birds of Psittaciformes and the first in scarlet macaws.
First Molecular Characterization of Aspiculuris tetraptera (Nematoda: Heteroxynematidae) from Mus musculus (Rodentia: Muridae) in India
Authors: Goswami Urvashi , Chaudhary Anshu , Verma Chandni , Singh Hridaya Shanker 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMus musculus (Rodentia: Muridae) were infected by a nematode belonging to the order Oxyurida. According to external morphological characters it was found to be Aspiculuris tetraptera Schulz, 1924. Present communication deals with molecular characterization of A. tetraptera infecting intestine of Mus musculus in Meerut (U.P.), India. A partial sequence of 18S ribosomal and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox 1) mitochondrial DNA analyses were performed. Sequence corresponding to 18S rRNA and mt Cox 1 gene was identical to sequences reported for A. tetraptera on GenBank. These results confirm the taxonomic validation of A. tetraptera parasitizing Mus musculus. This is the first report of molecular study of A. tetraptera in India.
Diagnosis and therapy of Capillaria plica infection: report and literature review
Authors: Studzińska Maria B. , Obara-Gałek Justyna , Demkowska-Kutrzepa Marta , Tomczuk Krzysztof 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWorldwide, data on Capillaria (Pearsonema) plica infections of the urinary tract in domestic carnivores are limited. Nevertheless, cystitis with hematuria, dysuria or pollakiuria may suggest a C. plica infection. A three-year old dog from Poland showing pollakiuria and hematuria was presented. At urine analysis, C. plica eggs were found in the urine sediment. The dog was unsuccessfully treated with a daily oral dose of fenbendazole 50 mg/kg BW for 5 days, while a single subcutaneous administration of ivermectin 0.2 mg/kg BW once effectively eliminated C. plica infection.
Determinants of women’s willingness to continue fitness training
in spite of health risks
Authors: Guszkowska Monika , Mosur-Kałuża Sonia 
Published: June 2015

Summary
Study aim: the aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between willingness to continue training in spite of health risks and the following variables: age, body parameters and selected elements of body image as well as duration, amount and intensity of training sessions.

Material and methods: the study’s participants were 140 women aged 18 to 35 years who had been training at a fitness club for between 1 and 15 years. The following tools were used: Figure Rating Scale, a modified Body Satisfaction Scale, and a questionnaire to investigate actual and ideal body parameters, motivation to begin training and training parameters.

Results: women who were willing to discontinue fitness training due to potential health risks exercised less often and engaged in shorter training sessions with less intensity. They were also more dissatisfied with their motor fitness. Higher readiness to continue training can be expected from women with more training experience, who are motivated by a need to improve their appearance, who are more satisfied with their motor fitness and who have a lower ideal BMI.

Conclusions: the results of the study suggest that women who complete greater amounts of exercise and are more motivated to train for aesthetic reasons rather than for reasons related to fitness are more prone to obligatory exercise.
A new European record of Diadesmis fukushimae and its transference to Humidophila genus (Bacillariophyta)
Authors: Kövér Csilla , Korponai János , Harangi Sándor , Buczkó Krisztina 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Diadesmis fukushimae, a rare oligotraphenic diatom, was found in some high mountain lakes of Romania. Its occurrence in the Parâng and Retezat Mountains is the second European record of the species. To date D. fukushimae has been known only from the type locality (Shenandoah National Park, Virginia, USA) and from a spring (Grotta Guernica, Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park (south-eastern Alps, Italy). Investigation by scanning electron microscopy showed that this species should be transferred to the recently established genus Humidophila. A new combination is proposed, Humidophila fukushimae. The morphological details of the European population are also presented.