bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic study of Barbus neumayeri and Barbus pellegrini from the Lake Kivu‐Lake Edward region, East Africa
Authors: Mlewa Chrisestom Mwatete 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe taxonomy of the two established barbus species: Barbus neumayeri and Barbus pellegrini has presented problems due to their close relationship and pronounced character variation within and between their populations. In this study, morphomeristic methods were used to investigate Barbus specimens from several populations in the Lake Kivu – Lake Edward area. Meristic and morphometric data on specimens in the RMAC collection from lakes Kivu and Edward, and the Nyabarongo and Mpanga river systems were analysed using principal component analysis in the PAST software programme. The results revealed additional morphomeristic characters useful in distinguishing the two closely related barbus species; hence, both B. pellegrini and B. neumayeri are redescribed incorporating additional characters to their respective original descriptions. Specimens from Nyabarongo river system were significantly different to warrant recognition as new species; thus, a new species B. new species is proposed and described. Meristically, the B. new species and the two established species are distinguished by lateral line scale counts; while predorsal length, head length and body depth at operculum, expressed as percentage of standard length, are the most diagnostic morphometric characters.
Gaseous Micro‐Emboli Activity During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Adults: Pulsatile Flow Versus Nonpulsatile Flow
Authors: Dodonov Mikhail , Milano Aldo , Onorati Francesco , Dal Corso Bruno , Menon Tiziano , Ferrarini Daniele , Tessari Maddalena , Faggian Giuseppe , Mazzucco Alessandro 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has a risk of cerebral injury, with an important role of gaseous micro‐emboli (GME) coming from theCPBcircuit. Pulsatile perfusion is supposed to perform specific conditions for supplementaryGMEactivity. We aimed to determine whether pulsatileCPBaugments production and delivery ofGMEand evaluate the role of different events inGMEactivity during either type of perfusion. Twenty‐four patients who underwent on‐pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery at the University ofVerona were divided equally into two groups—pulsatile perfusion (PP) group and nonpulsatile perfusion (NP) group. The circuit included aJostraHL‐20 roller pump set in pulsatile or nonpulsatile mode, an openSorinSynthesis membrane oxygenator with integrated screen‐type arterial filter, and phosphorylcholine‐coated tubes. Hemodynamic flow evaluation was performed in terms of energy equivalent pressure and surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE).GMEwere counted by means of aGAMPT BCC200 bubble counter (GAMPT, Zappendorf, Germany) with two probes placed at postpump and postarterial filter positions. Results were evaluated in terms ofGMEnumber,GMEvolume, number of over‐rangedGMEfrom both probes, and series of filtering indexes. InPPmode, the pump produced and delivered along the circuit significantly higher amounts ofSHEthan inNPmode. At the venous postpump site,GMEnumber was significantly higher duringPPbut no difference was found in terms ofGMEvolume or number of over‐ranged bubbles. No significant difference inGMEnumber,GMEvolume, or number of over‐ranges was found at the postarterial filter site. Filtering indexes were similar between the two groups. Neither type of perfusion was shown to contribute to excessiveGMEproduction during the most important perfusionist manipulation. Pulsatility leads toGMEincrement by splitting and size diminishing of the existing bubbles but not by additional gas production.PPaugmentedGMEnumber at the venous postpump site, while mean volume remained comparable withNP.SorinSynthesis oxygenator showed high efficacy inGMEremoval during either type of perfusion. SupplementaryGMEproduction and delivery during typical perfusionist manipulations did not depend on perfusion type.
Development of a Novel Emergency Hemostatic Kit for Severe Hemorrhage
Authors: Hattori Hidemi , Amano Yoshiko , Nogami Yashiro , Kawakami Masahiro , Yura Hirofumi , Ishihara Masayuki 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPhotocrosslinkable chitosan (Az‐CH‐LA) contains lactose moieties and photoreactive azide groups, and its viscous solution forms an insoluble hydrogel on exposure to UV irradiation. We previously developed an emergency hemostatic kit using the Az‐CH‐LA solution, calcium alginate, and a UV irradiation apparatus. However, a suitable UV irradiation apparatus is required to effectively convert the Az‐CH‐LA solution into a hydrogel, and power supply to use the UV irradiation apparatus may not always be available in a disaster area or battlefield. To address this problem, we produced a portable, battery‐powered UV irradiation apparatus constituting a novel hemostatic kit for severe hemorrhage. When the hemostatic kit using the UV irradiation apparatus was examined using a rat model of severe hemorrhage, the survival rate increased up to 73%. Hematological values as markers of hemorrhage did not change significantly over the first 3 days. In this study, we describe the characteristics of a portable UV irradiation apparatus and its use in an emergency hemostatic kit prepared using Az‐CH‐LA and calcium alginate for severe hemorrhage.
New Generation Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation With MedTech Mag‐Lev, a Single‐Use, Magnetically Levitated, Centrifugal Blood Pump: Preclinical Evaluation in Calves
Authors: Fujiwara Tatsuki , Nagaoka Eiki , Watanabe Taiju , Miyagi Naoto , Kitao Takashi , Sakota Daisuke , Mamiya Taichi , Shinshi Tadahiko , Arai Hirokuni , Takatani Setsuo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe have evaluated the feasibility of a newly developed single‐use, magnetically levitated centrifugal blood pump, MedTech Mag‐Lev, in a 3‐week extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) study in calves against a Medtronic Bio‐Pump BPX‐80. A heparin‐ and silicone‐coated polypropylene membrane oxygenator MERA NHP Excelung NSH‐R was employed as an oxygenator. Six healthy male Holstein calves with body weights of about 100 kg were divided into two groups, four in the MedTech group and two in the Bio‐Pump group. Under general anesthesia, the blood pump and oxygenator were inserted extracorporeally between the main pulmonary artery and the descending aorta via a fifth left thoracotomy. Postoperatively, both the pump and oxygen flow rates were controlled at 3 L/min. Heparin was continuously infused to maintain the activated clotting time at 200–240 s. All the MedTech ECMO calves completed the study duration. However, the Bio‐Pump ECMO calves were terminated on postoperative days 7 and 10 because of severe hemolysis and thrombus formation. At the start of the MedTech ECMO, the pressure drop across the oxygenator was about 25 mm Hg with the pump operated at 2800 rpm and delivering 3 L/min flow. The PO2 of the oxygenator outlet was higher than 400 mm Hg with the PCO2 below 45 mm Hg. Hemolysis and thrombus were not seen in the MedTech ECMO circuits (plasma‐free hemoglobin [PFH] < 5 mg/dL), while severe hemolysis (PFH > 20 mg/dL) and large thrombus were observed in the Bio‐Pump ECMO circuits. Plasma leakage from the oxygenator did not occur in any ECMO circuits. Three‐week cardiopulmonary support was performed successfully with the MedTech ECMO without circuit exchanges. The MedTech Mag‐Lev could help extend the durability of ECMO circuits by the improved biocompatible performances.
Vascular proliferation is associated with survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hoem Dag , Straume Oddbjørn , Immervoll Heike , Akslen Lars A. , Molven Anders 
Published: March 2013

In pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the benefit of current chemotherapy and radiation therapy is very limited, even in radically resected patients. New treatment strategies, for example based on the inhibition of the tumour's blood supply, need to be explored. We have investigated angiogenesis markers and their associations with relapse and survival in 52 histologically confirmed cases of PDAC. Angiogenesis in the primary tumour was evaluated by microvessel density (MVD), vascular proliferation index (VPI) and the presence of glomeruloid microvascular proliferations (GMP). These features were analysed in the context of clinicopathological variables, KRAS mutation status, relapse location and survival. MVD (median 134 microvessels/mm2, range 88–177) and VPI (median 3.2%, range 1.6–4.9) were associated with larger tumour size and lymph node metastasis. MVD was also related to the occurrence of liver metastases. Both variables were associated with survival in univariate and multivariate analyses. GMPs were present in 32 (62%) of the cases. Patients who exhibited MVD and VPI values above median, and GMP positivity, had a median survival of only 4.2 months after surgery. In conclusion, the angiogenesis markers MVD and VPI have a significant impact on survival. By also including GMP, a subgroup of PDAC patients with particularly short survival could be identified.
Diagnostic yield of biopsies of cervical lymph nodes using a large (14‐gauge) core biopsy needle
Authors: Pedersen Ole M. , Aarstad Hans J. , Løkeland Turid , Bostad Leif 
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this study was to assess retrospectively complications and diagnostic yield of core needle biopsy (CNB) of cervical lymph nodes using 14‐gauge as sole needle bore. During a 10‐year period ultrasound (US)‐guided CNB, using a 14‐gauge Tru‐Cut needle (non‐advancing), was performed in 140 consecutive cases (135 patients, aged 8–88 years) when a detailed histological diagnosis was required to guide therapy. CNB findings were consistent with the final diagnosis in 129 of the 140 cases, comprising 36 benign lesions, 40 metastases, and 53 lymphomas (40 NHL and 13 HL) of which subclassification (WHO criteria) was partial in 5NHL, and complete in 35 (87.5%) NHL and 13 HL (100%), including all 7 lymphomatous nodes with short‐axis diameter ≤1.0 cm. Two lymphomas were falsely interpreted as reactive hyperplasia. Nine samples (6.4%) were inadequate for histopathological analysis. One patient experienced pain in an arm lasting 3–4 days. No other immediate or delayed complications were diagnosed. A 14‐gauge may be used safely as the sole needle bore in US‐guided CNB of cervical lymph nodes, rendering samples sufficient for full subtyping in lymphoma, even in the smallest nodes.
Effect of extremes of body weight on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability of apixaban in healthy subjects
Authors: Upreti Vijay V. , Wang Jessie , Barrett Yu Chen , Byon Wonkyung , Boyd Rebecca A. , Pursley Janice , LaCreta Frank P. , Frost Charles E. 
Published: March 2013

AimApixaban is an oral, direct, factor‐Xa inhibitor approved for thromboprophylaxis in patients who have undergone elective hip or knee replacement surgery and for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation. This open label, parallel group study investigated effects of extremes of body weight on apixaban pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and tolerability.MethodFifty‐four healthy subjects were enrolled [18 each into low (≤50 kg), reference (65–85 kg) and high (≥120 kg) body weight groups]. Following administration of a single oral dose of 10 mg apixaban, plasma and urine samples were collected for determination of apixaban pharmacokinetics and anti‐factor Xa activity. Adverse events, vital signs and laboratory assessments were monitored.ResultsCompared with the reference body weight group, low body weight had approximately 27% [90% confidence interval (CI): 8–51%] and 20% (90% CI: 11–42%) higher apixaban maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration–time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC(0,∞)), respectively, and high body weight had approximately 31% (90% CI: 18–41%) and 23% (90% CI: 9–35%) lower apixaban Cmax and AUC(0,∞), respectively. Apixaban renal clearance was similar across the weight groups. Plasma anti‐factor Xa activity showed a direct, linear relationship with apixaban plasma concentration, regardless of body weight group. Apixaban was well tolerated in this study.ConclusionThe modest change in apixaban exposure is unlikely to require dose adjustment for apixaban based on body weight alone. However, caution is warranted in the presence of additional factors (such as severe renal impairment) that could increase apixaban exposure.
Citronellol Reduces Orofacial Nociceptive Behaviour in Mice – Evidence of Involvement of Retrosplenial Cortex and Periaqueductal Grey Areas
Authors: Brito Renan G. , Santos Priscila L. , Prado Douglas S. , Santana Marília T. , Araújo Adriano A. S. , Bonjardim Leonardo R. , Santos Márcio R. V. , de Lucca Júnior Waldecy , Oliveira Aldeídia P. , Quintans‐Júnior Lucindo J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCitronellol (CT) is a monoterpenoid alcohol present in the essential oil of many medicinal plants, such as Cymbopogon citratus. We evaluated the antinociceptive effects of CT on orofacial nociception in mice and investigated the central pathway involved in the effect. Male Swiss mice were pretreated with CT (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.), morphine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (saline + tween 80 0.2%). Thirty minutes after the treatment, we injected formalin (20 μl, 2%), capsaicin (20 μl, 2.5 μg) or glutamate (40 μl, 25 μM) into the right limb. For the action in the CNS, ninety minutes after the treatment, the animals were perfused, the brains collected, crioprotected, cut in a criostate and submitted in an immunofluorescence protocol for Fos protein. CT produced significant (p < 0.01) antinociceptive effect, in all doses, in the formalin, capsaicin and glutamate tests. The immunofluorescence showed that the CT activated significantly (p < 0.05) the olfactory bulb, the piriform cortex, the retrosplenial cortex and the periaqueductal grey of the CNS. Together, our results provide first‐time evidence that this monoterpene attenuates orofacial pain at least, in part, through an activation of CNS areas, mainly retrosplenial cortex and periaqueductal grey.
Pharmacological Evaluation of a β‐Hydroxyphosphonate Analogue of l‐Carnitine in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats
Authors: Reyes‐Esparza Jorge , Mendoza‐Rivera Brissa , De la Cruz‐Cordero Ricardo , Rosado Jorge L. , Duarte‐Vázquez Miguel Á. , Solis Mario G. , Vite‐Vallejo Odón , Rodríguez‐Fragoso Lourdes 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the effect of an analogue of l‐carnitine on parameters involved with Metabolic Syndrome in obese Zucker rats. Twenty‐four rats were treated for 5 weeks with l‐carnitine (300 mg/kg) and its analogue at two concentrations (100 and 250 mg/kg) to assess their impact on glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol in liver and blood samples, as well as the amount of liver glycogen. Liver slices were also analysed. The analogue reduced the levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol in liver and the level of triglycerides in serum. At 100 mg/kg, the analogue proved more effective than l‐carnitine in improving the biochemical alterations present in liver. The amount of liver glycogen content was higher in obese animals treated with both l‐carnitine and the analogue. No changes on insulin and leptin were observed in animals treated. l‐carnitine and its analogue reduced the microvesicular fatty infiltration in liver. This study demonstrated that the analogue tested is more potent and efficient than l‐carnitine and improves the pharmacological profile of l‐carnitine.
The Influence of Oral Antidiabetic Drugs on Cellular Drug Uptake Mediated by Hepatic OATP Family Members
Authors: Klatt Sabine , Fromm Martin F. , König Jörg 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAs patients with type 2 diabetes receiving oral antidiabetic drugs are often concomitantly treated with other drugs, they are of increased risk for drug interactions. Drugs have to be taken up into hepatocytes before their intracellular drug action or before they are metabolized, and therefore, uptake transporters are important modulators of drug pharmacokinetics and drug effects. To gain more insights into the role of uptake transporters for drug interactions, we investigated whether frequently prescribed oral antidiabetic drugs interact with the transport of drugs, mediated by the hepatic uptake transporters OATP1B1 (gene symbol SLCO1B1), OATP1B3 (gene symbol SLCO1B3) and OATP2B1 (gene symbol SLCO2B1). Using HEK293 cells recombinantly over‐expressing these uptake transporters, we analysed whether glibenclamide, glimepiride, nateglinide and pioglitazone influence the transport of the model transport substrate bromosulfophthalein. Furthermore, we investigated the influence of the same oral antidiabetic drugs and of repaglinide and rosiglitazone on the uptake of the HMG‐CoA‐reductase inhibitor atorvastatin. The oral antidiabetic drugs glibenclamide, glimepiride and nateglinide inhibited the transport of the model substrate bromosulfophthalein, particularly the OATP2B1‐mediated uptake. The OATP‐mediated atorvastatin uptake was inhibited in a similar manner. For glibenclamide, inhibitory constants (Ki values) of 13.6 μM, 8.1 μM and 0.5 μM for OATP1B1‐, OATP1B3‐ and OATP2B1‐mediated BSP uptake were determined. In conclusion, these in vitro results demonstrate that several oral antidiabetic drugs may influence hepatic OATP‐mediated drug uptake. The in vivo consequences of these results have to be analysed in further studies.
Who Is Well After Childbirth? Factors Related to Positive Outcome
Authors: Henderson Jane , Redshaw Maggie 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundPoor outcomes after childbirth are associated with physical ill health and with an absence of a positive sense of well‐being. Postnatally poor physical health is thought to be influenced by the care received, the nature of the birth, and associated complications. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of a range of clinical and other factors on positive outcome and well‐being 3 months after childbirth.MethodsThis study used data on more than 5,000 women from a 2010 National Maternity Survey about their experiences of maternity care, and health and well‐being 3 months after childbirth. Positive outcome was defined as women reporting no problems and feeling “very well” at the time of the survey.ResultsIn the univariate analysis, several variables were significantly associated with positive outcome, including sociodemographic, antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal factors. In the final logistic regression model, young mothers, those without physical disability and those with no or few antenatal or early postnatal problems, were most likely to have positive outcomes. Other significant factors included a positive initial reaction to the pregnancy, not reporting antenatal depression, fewer worries about the labor and birth, and access to information about choices for care.ConclusionsThis study shows how positive outcomes for women after childbirth may be influenced by health, social, and care factors. It is important for caregivers to bear these factors in mind so that extra support may be made available to those women who are likely to be susceptible to poor outcome. (BIRTH 40:1 March 2013)
Association of Health Profession and Direct‐to‐Consumer Marketing with Infant Formula Choice and Switching
Authors: Huang Yi , Labiner‐Wolfe Judith , Huang Hui , J. Choiniere Conrad , Fein Sara B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundInfant formula is marketed by health professionals and directly to consumers. Formula marketing has been shown to reduce breastfeeding, but the relation with switching formulas has not been studied. Willingness to switch formula can enable families to spend less on formula.MethodsData are from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II, a United States national longitudinal study. Mothers were asked about media exposure to formula information during pregnancy, receiving formula samples or coupons at hospital discharge, reasons for their formula choice at infant age 1 month, and formula switching at infant ages 2, 5, 7, and 9 months. Analysis included 1,700 mothers who fed formula at infant age 1 month; it used logistic regression and longitudinal data analysis methods to evaluate the association between marketing and formula choice and switching.ResultsMost mothers were exposed to both types of formula marketing. Mothers who received a sample of formula from the hospital at birth were more likely to use the hospital formula 1 month later. Mothers who chose formula at 1 month because their doctor recommended it were less likely to switch formula than those who chose in response to direct‐to‐consumer marketing. Mothers who chose a formula because it was used in the hospital were less likely to switch if they had not been exposed to Internet web‐based formula information when pregnant or if they received a formula sample in the mail.ConclusionsMarketing formula through health professionals may decrease mothers' willingness to switch formula. (BIRTH 40:1 March 2013)
Depressive Symptoms in New First‐Time Fathers: Associations with Age, Sociodemographic Characteristics, and Antenatal Psychological Well‐Being
Authors: Bergström Malin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundNew fathers may be as vulnerable as new mothers to depression, and their symptoms also can affect the mother and child. The purpose of this study was to investigate depressive symptoms and associations with paternal age, sociodemographic characteristics, and antenatal psychological well‐being in Swedish first‐time fathers.MethodsDepressive symptoms, defined as scores of 11 or greater on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, were investigated in 812 men 3 months after their first baby was born. The study sample included primarily Swedish‐born, married or cohabiting men who participated in antenatal education classes during the partner's pregnancy.ResultsIn all, 10.3 percent of study men suffered from depressive symptoms. Compared with fathers aged 29–33 years (sample mean age ± 2 yr), the younger fathers had an increased risk for depressive symptoms (OR 2.55; 95% CI 1.50–4.35). Low educational level, low income, poor partner relationship quality, and financial worry increased the risk for depressive symptoms, but these factors could not explain the increased risk among the young.ConclusionsNew fathers in their twenties seem to have an increased risk for depressive symptoms that cannot be explained solely by socioeconomic factors. Support should be offered to new fathers with particular focus on the young. (BIRTH 40:1 March 2013)
Chewing gum moderates the vigilance decrement
Authors: Morgan Kate , Johnson Andrew J. , Miles Christopher 
Published: March 2013

We examine the impact of chewing gum on a Bakan‐type vigilance task that requires the continual updating of short‐term order memory. Forty participants completed a 30‐min auditory Bakan‐task either with, or without, the requirement to chew gum. Self‐rated measures of mood were taken both pre‐ and post‐task. As expected, the vigilance task produced a time‐dependent performance decrement indexed via decreases in target detections and lengthened correct reaction times (RTs), and a reduction in post‐task self‐rated alertness scores. The declines in both performance and subjective alertness were attenuated in the chewing‐gum group. In particular, correct RTs were significantly shorter following the chewing of gum in the latter stages of the task. Additionally, the gradients of decline for target detection and incline for correct RTs were both attenuated for the chewing‐gum group. These findings are consistent with the data of Tucha and Simpson (2011), Appetite, 56, 299–301, who showed beneficial effects of chewing gum in the latter stages of a 30 min visual attention task, and extend their data to a task that necessitates the continuous updating of order memory. It is noteworthy that our data contradict the claim (Kozlov, Hughes, & Jones, 2012, Q. J. Exp. Psychology, 65, 501–513) that chewing gum negatively impacts short‐term memory task performance.