bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crossing the peninsula: The role of Noh Bec, Yucatán, in ancient Maya Classic Period population dynamics from an analysis of dental morphology and Sr isotopes
Authors: Cucina Andrea , Price T. Douglas , Magaña Peralta Evelia , Sierra Sosa Thelma 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesThis article aims to infer population dynamics in the Noh Bec region (Yucatán Peninsula, México) during the Maya Classic period (AD 350–800), based on a combined analysis of dental morphology and 87Sr/86Sr isotopes, and on a comparison of the dental evidence together with archaeological signs of trade and relationships with other regions in the Maya world.MethodsTwenty‐three dental morphological variables were used to estimate affinities between dental collections from Noh Bec and 10 more sites from the region. 87Sr/86Sr isotopes were recorded from the enamel of permanent teeth of 32 individuals from Noh Bec, and compared to the site's local chemical signature.ResultsDental morphology reveals a strong affinity with Kohunlich, in the central Maya lowlands, while some diversity can be noted with the Petén sites (such as Calakmul) as well as sites on the northern coast of the peninsula. The local extent of 87Sr/86Sr variation ranges between 0.7086 and 0.7088. Eight of the 32 Noh Bec individuals analyzed were born elsewhere. Isotopic values indicate different places of origin although apparently none were from the northern coast of the peninsula; instead, the range of variability reflects many locations along the western coast of the peninsula as well as inland sites in the Chenes region in Campeche.ConclusionsDental morphology and 87Sr/86Sr ratios indicate intense population dynamics in the peninsula during the Maya Classic period. Despite the different nature of the dental and isotopic indicators, results agree with archaeological evidence and with proposed trade routes in the peninsula. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:767–778, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maya paleodemographics: What do we know?
Authors: Olga Hernández Espinoza Patricia , Márquez Morfín Lourdes 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesWe present a review of what is known about the population dynamics from Classic and Post‐Classic Maya settlements in coastal areas of the Yucatan Peninsula such as Jaina, Chac Mool, El Meco and Xcambó and two other urban centers, Palenque and Copan.MethodsThis contribution discusses the available data on mortality, survival, life expectancy, fertility and migration, obtained by paleodemographic methodology. Data for Xcambó and El Meco were obtained from Tiesler Bloss et al., (2005) and Ortega (2007); information from other sites was obtained from previous work conducted by the authors.ResultsThis review proposes that the demographic dynamics of the Classical period are typical of densely populated and developing areas with overall average birth rates of six children per woman and a life expectancy at birth of between 20 and 42.2 years, which is equivalent to birth rates above 40 per thousand inhabitants. Post‐Classic settlements show evidence of great population mobility with unfavorable changes in living conditions that lead us to think of fertility decrease and low life expectancies at birth.ConclusionsThere are indications of a demographic change between the Late‐Terminal Classic and Post‐Classic periods. Life expectancies are lower than 30 years, a high infant mortality and low adult survival after 50 years is shown. The Post‐Classic period is characterized by population rearrangements and mobility. Results obtained for both Chac Mool series showed deterioration in health and reduced life expectancy and fertility levels from one period to another. El Meco and Xcambó series showed differences with Chac Mool's due to higher growth rates. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 27:747–757, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Socioeconomic status and sex ratios at birth in Sweden: No evidence for a Trivers–Willard effect for a wide range of status indicators
Authors: Kolk Martin , Schnettler Sebastian 
Published: June 2015

ObjectivesThis study examines if there exists a positive association between socioeconomic status and the proportion of male births in humans, as proposed by Trivers and Willard in 1973, using individual‐level data drawn from the complete population of Sweden.MethodsWe examine more than 3,000,000 births between 1960 and 2007 using administrative register data with comprehensive information on various dimensions of socioeconomic status. We use six different operationalizations of socioeconomic status, including earnings, post‐transfer income (including government allowances), wealth, parental wealth, educational level, and occupational class. We apply regression models that compare both changes in status for the same woman over time and differences in status across different women. We also measure socioeconomic status both at the year of child birth and the year of conception.ResultsOur results show the absence of any relationship between socioeconomic status and sex ratios, using a large number of different operationalizations of status.ConclusionsWe conclude that no substantive relationship between socioeconomic status and sex ratios exists for the population and period of our study. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:67–73, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Enantioselective Reduction of Ketones Induced by a C2‐Symmetrical Chiral Hydroxyamide/Titanium(IV) complex
Authors: Phothongkam Supannee , Uang Biing‐Jiun 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe asymmetric reduction of ketones catalyzed by chiral titanium complex, prepared in situ from titanium tetraisopropoxide and a C2‐symmetrical chiral hydroxyamide, with catecholborane as the reducing agent afforded the corresponding chiral secondary alcohols in good yields with high enantioselectivity of up to>99 % ee.
The Dermatophagoides farinae group 22 allergen: cloning and expression in Escherichia coli
Authors: Cui Yu‐bao , Cai Hong‐xing , Zhou Ying , Wang Nan , Yu Li‐li , Yang Li , Zhang Cheng‐bo 
Published: June 2015

BackgroundDermatophagoides farinae (Hughes) (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) and other domestic mites produce allergens that affect people worldwide. Here, the complementary DNA (cDNA) coding for group 22 allergen of D. farinae (Der f 22) from China was cloned, sequenced, and expressed successfully.MethodsThe cDNA encoding Der f 22 was synthesized by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), then ligated to the pCold‐TF for expression in Escherichia coli BL21 cells. The purified recombinant fusion protein was identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE), Western‐blotting, and tandem matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF/TOF).ResultsThe full‐length cDNA comprised 468 nucleotides and was 99.57% (466/468) identical with the reference sequence (GenBank: DQ643992). After the plasmid pCold‐TF‐Der f 22 was transformed into E. coli BL21 and expressed with the induction of IPTG, SDS‐PAGE showed a specific band for the recombinant fusion protein. The recombinant fusion protein, which was purified by chromatography, bound with a His‐tagged antibody by Western blotting. MALDI‐TOF/TOF mass spectrometry revealed that the structure of the recombinant protein was identical to the predicted Der f 22 structure. The hydrophilic protein contains a signal peptide of 20 amino acids, and the mature Der f 22 consists of 135 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 14.7 kDa and theoretical isoelectric points (pI) of 6.38. Its secondary structure comprises an alpha helix (38.5%), beta‐sheet (45.9%), random coils (11.85%), and beta‐turns (11.1%).ConclusionThis work represents the first reported full‐length sequence and successful cloning of Der f 22 from D. farinae in China; bioinformatics analysis can be used to further study the allergenicity and clinical utility of the recombinant Der f 22.
Clarithromycin in γ‐aminobutyric acid–Related hypersomnolence: A randomized, crossover trial
Authors: Trotti Lynn Marie , Saini Prabhjyot , Bliwise Donald L. , Freeman Amanda A. , Jenkins Andrew , Rye David B. 
Published: June 2015

ObjectiveSome central hypersomnolence syndromes are associated with a positive allosteric modulator of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐A receptors in cerebrospinal fluid. Negative allosteric modulators of GABA‐A receptors, including clarithromycin, have been reported to reduce sleepiness in these patients. We sought to systematically assess the effects of clarithromycin on objective vigilance and subjective sleepiness.MethodsThis was a 5‐week, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, crossover trial of clarithromycin 500mg with breakfast and lunch, in patients with hypersomnolence syndromes (excluding narcolepsy with cataplexy) and evidence for abnormal cerebrospinal fluid potentiation of GABA‐A receptors. The study occurred at a university‐affiliated medical center. The primary outcome measure was median reaction time on the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) at week 2 in each condition. Secondary outcomes included the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Stanford Sleepiness Scale, Functional Outcomes of Sleep Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, SF‐36, and additional PVT measures.ResultsTwenty‐three patients began treatment. Three patients dropped out, and final analyses were performed on 20 complete cases. Median reaction time was not significantly different between clarithromycin and placebo. Subjective measures of sleepiness were significantly improved on clarithromycin versus placebo. Altered taste perception occurred, but was the only side effect more common on clarithromycin than placebo. No serious adverse events occurred.InterpretationSubjective sleepiness, but not psychomotor vigilance, improved during a 2‐week course of clarithromycin. Although additional studies are needed, this suggests that clarithromycin may be a reasonable treatment option in patients with treatment‐refractory hypersomnolence. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01146600) and supported by the American Sleep Medicine Foundation. Ann Neurol 2015 Ann Neurol 2015;78:454–465
Das Bindeglied zwischen Bisyliden und Methandiiden: Isolierung, Reaktivität und elektronische Struktur eines Yldiids
Authors: Scherpf Thorsten , Wirth Regina , Molitor Sebastian , Feichtner Kai‐Stephan , Gessner Viktoria H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBisylide und Methandiide stellen aufgrund ihrer elektronischen Struktur zwei besondere Klassen von Kohlenstoffbasen dar, die in den letzten Jahren eine Vielzahl an Anwendungen gefunden haben. Metallierte Ylide (Yldiide) sind das Bindeglied zwischen beiden Verbindungsklassen. Über ihre Eigenschaften, Reaktivitäten und besonders über ihre elektronische Struktur ist jedoch bis heute nur wenig bekannt. Hier berichten wir über die Synthese des metallierten Ylids [Ph3P‐C‐SO2Tol]− (1) mit verschiedenen Alkalimetall‐Gegenionen. Die Verbindungen wurden mit Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalyse und NMR‐Spektroskopie untersucht und die erste Struktur eines Natrium‐ sowie eines Kalium‐Yldiids aufgeklärt. Die elektronische Struktur von 1 wurde mithilfe von DFT‐Rechnungen untersucht, die die Verwandtschaft mit anderen divalenten Kohlenstoffverbindungen aufzeigen. Reaktivitätsstudien belegen die starke Nukleophilie des Yldiids, aber insbesondere auch sein ungewöhnliches Donorvermögen (σ‐ und π‐Donor).
Oxidative Decarboxylierung von kurzkettigen Fettsäuren zu 1‐Alkenen
Authors: Dennig Alexander , Kuhn Miriam , Tassoti Sebastian , Thiessenhusen Anja , Gilch Stefan , Bülter Thomas , Haas Thomas , Hall Mélanie , Faber Kurt 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDie enzymatische oxidative Decarboxylierung von linearen kurzkettigen Fettsäuren (C4:0–C9:0) unter Verwendung der P450‐Monooxygenase OleT, O2 und NAD(P)H als Elektronendonor ermöglicht die Synthese terminaler C3‐ bis C8‐Alkene mit Produkttitern von bis zu 0.93 g L−1 und TTNs >2000. Essentiell für diesen Prozess war die Entwicklung einer effizienten Elektronentransferkette unter Verwendung von Putidaredoxin (CamAB) und NAD(P)H‐Regeneration basierend auf Glukose, Ameisensäure oder Phosphonat. Mithilfe dieses Reaktionssystems lassen sich auf biokatalytischem Weg industriell wichtige Alkene, wie z. B. Propen und 1‐Octen zum ersten Mal vollständig aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen herstellen.
Enantioselective Borylative Dearomatization of Indoles through Copper(I) Catalysis
Authors: Kubota Koji , Hayama Keiichi , Iwamoto Hiroaki , Ito Hajime 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe enantioselective borylative dearomatization of a heteroaromatic compound has been achieved using a copper(I) catalyst and a diboron reagent. This reaction involves the regio‐ and enantioselective addition of active borylcopper(I) species to indole‐2‐carboxylates, followed by the diastereoselective protonation of the resulting copper(I) enolate to give the corresponding chiral indolines, which bear consecutive stereogenic centers.
Enzymatic Method for the Synthesis of Long DNA Sequences with Multiple Repeat Units
Authors: Whitfield Colette J. , Turley Andrew T. , Tuite Eimer M. , Connolly Bernard A. , Pike Andrew R. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) derived method for preparing long DNA, consisting of multiple repeat units of one to ten base pairs, is described. Two seeding oligodeoxynucleotides, so‐called oligoseeds, which encode the repeat unit and produce a duplex with 5′‐overhangs, are extended using a thermostable archaeal DNA polymerase. Multiple rounds of heat–cool extension cycles, akin to PCR, rapidly elongate the oligoseed. Twenty cycles produced long DNA with uniformly repeating sequences to over 20 kilobases (kb) in length. The polynucleotides prepared include [A]n/[T]n, [AG]n/[TC]n, [A2G]n/[T2C]n, [A3G]n/[T3C]n, [A4G]n/[T4C]n, [A9G]n/[T9C]n, [GATC]n/[CTAG]n, and [ACTGATCAGC]n/[TGACTAGTCG]n, indicating that the method is extremely flexible with regard to the repeat length and base sequence of the initial oligoseeds. DNA of this length (20 kb≈7 μm) with strictly defined base reiterations should find use in nanomaterial applications.
Water‐Promoted Generation of a Diazairida Homobarrelene by CC Coupling Between an Iridacyclic Alkylidene and Acetonitrile
Authors: Espada María F. , López‐Serrano Joaquín , Poveda Manuel L. , Carmona Ernesto 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe stable cationic iridacyclopentenylidene [TpMe2Ir(CHC(Me)C(Me)CH2(NCMe)]PF6 (A; TpMe2=hydrotris(3,5‐dimethylpyrazolyl)borate) has been obtained by α‐hydride abstraction from the iridacyclopent‐2‐ene [TpMe2Ir(CH2C(Me)C(Me)CH2)(NCMe)]. Complex A exhibits Brønsted–Lowry acidity at the IrCH2 and proximal (relative to IrCH2) methyl sites. The coordination of an extra molecule of acetonitrile to the iridium center initiates the reversible isomerization of the chelating carbon chain of A to the monodentate butadienyl ligand of complex [TpMe2Ir(CHC(Me)C(Me)CH2)(NCMe)2]PF6, which is capable to engage in a water‐promoted CC coupling with the MeCN co‐ligands. The product is an aesthetically appealing bicyclic structure that resembles the hydrocarbon barrelene.
Integrating a Photocatalyst into a Hybrid Lithium–Sulfur Battery for Direct Storage of Solar Energy
Authors: Li Na , Wang Yarong , Tang Daiming , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDirect capture and storage of abundant but intermittent solar energy in electrical energy‐storage devices such as rechargeable lithium batteries is of great importance, and could provide a promising solution to the challenges of energy shortage and environment pollution. Here we report a new prototype of a solar‐driven chargeable lithium–sulfur (Li‐S) battery, in which the capture and storage of solar energy was realized by oxidizing S2− ions to polysulfide ions in aqueous solution with a Pt‐modified CdS photocatalyst. The battery can deliver a specific capacity of 792 mAh g−1 during 2 h photocharging process with a discharge potential of around 2.53 V versus Li+/Li. A specific capacity of 199 mAh g−1, reaching the level of conventional lithium‐ion batteries, can be achieved within 10 min photocharging. Moreover, the charging process of the battery can proceed under natural sunlight irradiation.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Chemo‐, Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Bond Formation through Proximal CC Cleavage of Benzocyclobutenones
Authors: Juliá‐Hernández Francisco , Ziadi Asraa , Nishimura Akira , Martin Ruben 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe first catalytic intermolecular proximal C1C2 cleavage of benzocyclobutenones (BCB) without prior carbonyl activation or employing noble metals has been developed. This protocol operates at room temperature and is characterized by an exquisite chemo‐, regio‐ and diastereoselectivity profile, constituting a unique platform for preparing an array of elusive carbocyclic skeletons.
Autonomous Chemical Sensing Interface for Universal Cell Phone Readout
Authors: Comina Germán , Suska Anke , Filippini Daniel 
Published: June 2015

AbstractExploiting the ubiquity of cell phones for quantitative chemical sensing imposes strong demands on interfacing devices. They should be autonomous, disposable, and integrate all necessary calibration and actuation elements. In addition, a single design should couple universally to a variety of cell phones, and operate in their default configuration. Here, we demonstrate such a concept and its implementation as a quantitative glucose meter that integrates finger pumps, unidirectional valves, calibration references, and focusing optics on a disposable device configured for universal video acquisition.
Step‐by‐Step Growth of Complex Oxide Microstructures
Authors: Datskos Panos , Cullen David A. , Sharma Jaswinder 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe synthesis of complex and hybrid oxide microstructures is of fundamental interest and practical applications. However, the design and synthesis of such structures is a challenging task. A solution‐phase process to synthesize complex silica and silica–titania hybrid microstructures was developed by exploiting the emulsion‐droplet‐based step‐by‐step growth featuring shape control. The strategy is robust and can be extended to the preparation of complex hybrid structures consisting of two or more materials, with each having its own shape.
Bridging the Gap between Bisylides and Methandiides: Isolation, Reactivity, and Electronic Structure of an Yldiide
Authors: Scherpf Thorsten , Wirth Regina , Molitor Sebastian , Feichtner Kai‐Stephan , Gessner Viktoria H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractBisylides and methandiides are two unique families of carbon bases that have found a variety of applications in recent years. Metalated ylides (yldiides) are the link between these types of compounds. Yet, only little is known about their properties, reactivities, and particularly their electronic structure. Here, we report the preparation of the metalated ylide [Ph3P‐C‐SO2Tol]− (1) with different alkali metal counterions. The compounds have been studied by X‐ray diffraction analysis and NMR spectroscopy and the first structures of a sodium and potassium yldiide are presented. The electronic structure of 1 was explored by DFT calculations confirming its relation with other divalent carbon species. Reactivity studies demonstrate the strong nucleophilicity of the yldiide and its capability to act both as a σ‐ and π‐donor.
Oxidative Decarboxylation of Short‐Chain Fatty Acids to 1‐Alkenes
Authors: Dennig Alexander , Kuhn Miriam , Tassoti Sebastian , Thiessenhusen Anja , Gilch Stefan , Bülter Thomas , Haas Thomas , Hall Mélanie , Faber Kurt 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe enzymatic oxidative decarboxylation of linear short‐chain fatty acids (C4:0–C9:0) employing the P450 monooxygenase OleT, O2 as the oxidant, and NAD(P)H as the electron donor gave the corresponding terminal C3 to C8 alkenes with product titers of up to 0.93 g L−1 and TTNs of >2000. Key to this process was the construction of an efficient electron‐transfer chain employing putidaredoxin CamAB in combination with NAD(P)H recycling at the expense of glucose, formate, or phosphite. This system allows for the biocatalytic production of industrially important 1‐alkenes, such as propene and 1‐octene, from renewable resources for the first time.
Thermal and electrical conductivity of melt mixed polycarbonate hybrid composites co‐filled with multi‐walled carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets
Authors: Wegrzyn Marcin , Ortega Amaya , Benedito Adolfo , Gimenez Enrique 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work, we present thermoplastic nanocomposites of polycarbonate (PC) matrix with hybrid nanofillers system formed by a melt‐mixing approach. Various concentrations of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) were mixed in to PC and the melt was homogenized. The nanocomposites were compression molded and characterized by different techniques. Torque dependence on the nanofiller composition increased with the presence of carbon nanotubes. The synergy of carbon nanotubes and GnP showed exponential increase of thermal conductivity, which was compared to logarithmic increase for nanocomposite with no MWCNT. Decrease of Shore A hardness at elevated loads present for all investigated nanocomposites was correlated with the expected low homogeneity caused by a low shear during melt‐mixing. Mathematical model was used to calculate elastic modulus from Shore A tests results. Vicat softening temperature (VST) showed opposite pattern for hybrid nanocomposites and for PC‐MWCNT increasing in the latter case. Electrical conductivity boost was explained by the collective effect of high nanofiller loads and synergy of MWCNT and GnP. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42536.
Preparation and characterization of P(AN‐co‐VA‐co‐DEMA) fibers coated with multiwalled carbon nanotubes by electrostatic interactions
Authors: Yang Cheng‐Ran , Zhang Yu‐Mei , Wang Biao 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTP(AN‐co‐VA‐co‐DEMA) terpolymers were synthesized by aqueous precipitation copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN), vinyl acetate (VA), and 2‐dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate (DEMA) with an Na2S2O5–NaClO3 redox initiating system and fibers from these terpolymers were thus prepared by a wet spinning method. Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (F‐MWNT) networks were created on the surface of P(AN‐co‐VA‐co‐DEMA) fibers by a simple dipping method. The morphology and interfacial interactions of the obtained F‐MWNTs‐coated fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that F‐MWNTs were assembled on the fibers and the density of F‐MWNTs can be controlled by adjusting the F‐MWNTs content in the dipping solution. The assembly process was driven by electrostatic interactions between the negative charges on the nanotube sidewalls and the positive charges of the fibers. The F‐MWNTs‐coated fibers had a good conductivity. The volume resistivity of the fibers coated with 1.18 wt % F‐MWNTs reached 0.27 Ω·cm, while the original mechanical properties were preserved. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42545.
Definition of Forensic Psychotherapy and its Aims
Authors: Welldon Estela 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIn this paper the author shall try to illuminate the advantages of using a psychoanalytical model in our understanding of the forensic patient. There is the problem that sometimes the judicial and psychoanalytic approaches appear to be incompatible, though both are inherently intertwined with societal mores through the nature of anti‐social, delinquent actions usually associated with such cases. Many of the ideas at the root of this paper are from Karl Menninger, with whom the author trained in the early 1960s. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.