bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
More bang for the land manager's buck: disturbance autocorrelation can be used to achieve management objectives at no additional cost
Authors: Garrison Andrew , Miller Adam , Roxburgh Stephen H. , Shea Katriona 
Published: October 2012

Summary

Ecologists have long studied the effects of disturbance on species diversity. More recently, researchers have become interested in understanding how the various aspects of disturbance interact to influence community diversity. While the effects of temporal autocorrelation have also received some attention, the potential for manipulating disturbance autocorrelation to achieve management goals has not been theoretically explored.
We consider the interactions between temporal autocorrelation of disturbance occurrence and disturbance intensity at varying disturbance frequencies. Using an annual plant model, we show that when intensity and frequency are kept constant, changing the temporal autocorrelation of disturbance occurrence can also affect competitive outcomes. Additionally, we show that when species coexist, the degree of autocorrelation can affect which species reaches higher densities.
We describe several examples (including prescribed burning, grazing and mowing) that outline how manipulation of temporal autocorrelation may be used to achieve conservation and eradication goals at no additional cost.
Synthesis and applications. Our results provide important insights into, and have potential application to, land management and conservation. While changing the intensity and frequency of human‐induced disturbances can be costly, adjusting the temporal autocorrelation of disturbance occurrence may be considered a ‘no‐cost manipulation’. In instances where a land manager lacks the funds or resources to manipulate other aspects of disturbance, such as intensity and frequency, changing the temporal autocorrelation may provide an effective, economical alternative.
Refining the conditions for sympatric ecological speciation
Authors: Débarre F. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractCan speciation occur in a single population when different types of resources are available, in the absence of any geographical isolation, or any spatial or temporal variation in selection? The controversial topics of sympatric speciation and ecological speciation have already stimulated many theoretical studies, most of them agreeing on the fact that mechanisms generating disruptive selection, some level of assortment, and enough heterogeneity in the available resources, are critical for sympatric speciation to occur. Few studies, however, have combined the three factors and investigated their interactions. In this article, I analytically derive conditions for sympatric speciation in a general model where the distribution of resources can be uni‐ or bimodal, and where a parameter controls the range of resources that an individual can exploit. This approach bridges the gap between models of a unimodal continuum of resources and Levene‐type models with discrete resources. I then test these conditions against simulation results from a recently published article (Thibert‐Plante & Hendry, 2011, J. Evol. Biol. 24: 2186–2196) and confirm that sympatric ecological speciation is favoured when (i) selection is disruptive (i.e. individuals with an intermediate trait are at a local fitness minimum), (ii) resources are differentiated enough and (iii) mating is assortative. I also discuss the role of mating preference functions and the need (or lack thereof) for bimodality in resource distributions for diversification.
Prognostic prediction following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer using conventional as well as molecular biological approaches
Authors: Miyake Hideaki , Fujisawa Masato 
Published: October 2012

AbstractAlthough radical prostatectomy has been the mainstay of treatment for men with clinically organ‐confined prostate cancer, a certain proportion of men undergoing radical prostatectomy fail to achieve a complete cure of this disease; that is, postoperative biochemical recurrence develops in approximately 30% of men, some of whom will ultimately die of disease progression. A number of studies, therefore, have been carried out to identify factors reflecting prognostic outcomes following radical prostatectomy, which would be potentially helpful for properly counseling individual patients undergoing this surgery. Furthermore, various types of model systems using multiple clinicopathological parameters, such as the nomogram, look‐up table and artificial neural network, have been shown to have better performance in postoperative prognostic prediction than the opinions of expert clinicians. However, there have not been any standard models uniformly applied to postoperative prognostic prediction, which could be explained, at least in part, by the use of conventional clinicopathological parameters alone, suggesting the need for the additional evaluation of molecular markers simultaneously considering the unique biological features of prostate cancer. In this review, a search of the literature was carried out focusing on the significance of prognostic models following radical prostatectomy, and it is suggested that these models could be promising tools to provide accurate information on the postoperative clinical course of prostate cancer patients. To widely introduce such models into clinical practice, it is necessary to further improve currently available models and develop more reliable, flexible, simple and easily accessible tools by incorporating conventional clinicopathological factors as well as molecular biomarkers.
Positioning mental health nursing practice within a positive health paradigm
Authors: Wand Timothy 
Published: October 2012

AbstractMental health service provision has traditionally been dominated by biomedical models of illness and disorder, a problem‐based orientation, and the assessment and management of risk. While psychotherapeutic approaches are numerous and have been widely utilized, psychotropic medications, either as monotherapy or in conjunction with psychological therapies, remain the mainstay for the ‘treatment’ of mental health problems. This is despite growing uncertainty over the effectiveness of psychotropic medications (particularly antidepressants), as well as their potential for enduring and debilitating side‐effects. This discussion paper outlines the emerging field of positive health, which eschews a psychiatric disorder and illness focus, and is instead oriented towards the identification of strengths, abilities, hopes, and the individual's preferred future. The shift in positive health, from illness towards wellness, aims to build health literacy and the capacity of individuals to make decisions conducive to health, and thereby make more effective the use of health‐care services. A positioning of mental health nursing practice within a positive health paradigm is promoted. By illustration, a number of solution‐focused mental health assessment questions are tabled to contrast the current format for mental health assessment, which rather than being ‘comprehensive’, is predominantly concerned only with problem and risk identification, and the search for pathology in the individual.
Retrieval and Visualization of Human Motion Data via Stick Figures
Authors: Choi M. G. , Yang K. , Igarashi T. , Mitani J. , Lee J. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe propose 2D stick figures as a unified medium for visualizing and searching for human motion data. The stick figures can express a wide range or human motion, and they are easy to be drawn by people without any professional training. In our interface, the user can browse overall motion by viewing the stick figure images generated from the database and retrieve them directly by using sketched stick figures as an input query. We started with a preliminary survey to observe how people draw stick figures. Based on the rules observed from the user study, we developed an algorithm converting motion data to a sequence of stick figures. The feature‐based comparison method between the stick figures provides an interactive and progressive search for the users. They assist the user's sketching by showing the current retrieval result at each stroke. We demonstrate the utility of the system with a user study, in which the participants retrieved example motion segments from the database with 102 motion files by using our interface.
Improving the Parameterization of Approximate Subdivision Surfaces
Authors: He Lei , Loop Charles , Schaefer Scott 
Published: October 2012

AbstractWe provide a method for improving the parameterization of patching schemes that approximate Catmull‐Clark subdivision surfaces, such that the new parameterization conforms better to that of the original subdivision surface. We create this reparameterization in real‐time using a method that only depends on the topology of the surface and is independent of the surface's geometry. Our method can handle patches with more than one extraordinary vertex and avoids the combinatorial increase in both complexity and storage associated with multiple extraordinary vertices. Moreover, the reparameterization function is easy to implement and fast.
New Methods for Forecasting Inflation, Applied to the US*
Authors: Aron Janine , Muellbauer John 
Published: October 2012

AbstractModels for the 12‐month‐ahead US rate of inflation, measured by the chain‐weighted consumer expenditure deflator, are estimated for 1974–98 and subsequent pseudo out‐of‐sample forecasting performance is examined. Alternative forecasting approaches for different information sets are compared with benchmark univariate autoregressive models, and substantial out‐performance is demonstrated including against Stock and Watson's unobserved components‐stochastic volatility model. Three key ingredients to the out‐performance are: including equilibrium correction component terms in relative prices; introducing nonlinearities to proxy state‐dependence in the inflation process and replacing the information criterion, commonly used in VARs to select lag length, with a ‘parsimonious longer lags’ parameterization. Forecast pooling or averaging also improves forecast performance.
Asset Returns, the Business Cycle and the Labor Market
Authors: Heer Burkhard , Maußner Alfred 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
We review the labor market implications of recent real-business cycle and New Keynesian models that successfully replicate the empirical equity premium. We document the fact that all models reviewed in this article that do not feature either sticky wages or immobile labor between two production sectors as in Boldrin et al. (2001) imply a negative correlation of working hours and output that is not observed empirically. Within the class of Neo-Keynesian models, sticky prices alone are demonstrated to be less successful than rigid nominal wages with respect to the modeling of the labor market stylized facts. In addition, monetary shocks in these models are required to be much more volatile than productivity shocks to match statistics from both the asset and labor market.
Ethnicity, body mass index and risk of pre‐eclampsia in a multiethnic New Zealand population
Authors: Anderson Ngaire H. , Sadler Lynn C. , Stewart Alistair W. , Fyfe Elaine M. , McCowan Lesley M.E. 
Published: October 2012

BackgroundPre‐eclampsia rates are reported to vary by ethnicity; however, few studies include body mass index (BMI). Increasing BMI has a dose‐dependent relationship with pre‐eclampsia, and rates of overweight and obesity as well as ratios of body fat to muscle mass differ between ethnicities. We hypothesised that after adjusting for confounders, including ethnic‐specific BMI, ethnicity would not be an independent risk factor for pre‐eclampsia.AimTo assess independent pre‐eclampsia risk factors in a multiethnic New Zealand population.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort analysis of prospectively recorded maternity data from 2006 to 2009 at National Women's Health, Auckland, New Zealand. After exclusion of infants with congenital anomalies and missing data, our final study population was 26 254 singleton pregnancies. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for ethnicity, BMI, maternal age, parity, smoking, social deprivation, diabetes, chronic hypertension and relevant pre‐existing medical conditions was performed.ResultsIndependent associations with pre‐eclampsia were observed in Chinese (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.56, [95% CI 0.41–0.76]) and Māori (aOR 1.51, [1.16–1.96]) compared with European women. Other independent risk factors for pre‐eclampsia were overweight and obesity, nulliparity, type 1 diabetes, chronic hypertension and pre‐existing medical conditions.ConclusionsContrary to our hypothesis, we report an independent reduced risk of pre‐eclampsia in Chinese and increased risk of pre‐eclampsia in Māori women. Prospective studies are required to further explore these relationships. Other independent risk factors are consistent with international literature. Our findings may assist clinicians to stratify risk of pre‐eclampsia in clinical practice.
A Lost Link between a Flightless Parrot and a Parasitic Plant and the Potential Role of Coprolites in Conservation Paleobiology
Authors: Wood Jamie R. , Wilmshurst Janet M. , Worthy Trevor H. , Holzapfel Avi S. , Cooper Alan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractLate Quaternary extinctions and population fragmentations have severely disrupted animal‐plant interactions globally. Detection of disrupted interactions often relies on anachronistic plant characteristics, such as spines in the absence of large herbivores or large fruit without dispersers. However, obvious anachronisms are relatively uncommon, and it can be difficult to prove a direct link between the anachronism and a particular faunal taxon. Analysis of coprolites (fossil feces) provides a novel way of exposing lost interactions between animals (depositors) and consumed organisms. We analyzed ancient DNA to show that a coprolite from the South Island of New Zealand was deposited by the rare and threatened kakapo (Strigops habroptilus), a large, nocturnal, flightless parrot. When we analyzed the pollen and spore content of the coprolite, we found pollen from the cryptic root‐parasite Dactylanthus taylorii. The relatively high abundance (8.9% of total pollen and spores) of this zoophilous pollen type in the coprolite supports the hypothesis of a former direct feeding interaction between kakapo and D. taylorii. The ranges of both species have contracted substantially since human settlement, and their present distributions no longer overlap. Currently, the lesser short‐tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata) is the only known native pollinator of D. taylorii, but our finding raises the possibility that birds, and other small fauna, could have once fed on and pollinated the plant. If confirmed, through experimental work and observations, this finding may inform conservation of the plant. For example, it may be possible to translocate D. taylorii to predator‐free offshore islands that lack bats but have thriving populations of endemic nectar‐feeding birds. The study of coprolites of rare or extinct taxonomic groups provides a unique way forward to expand existing knowledge of lost plant and animal interactions and to identify pollination and dispersal syndromes. This approach of linking paleobiology with neoecology offers significant untapped potential to help inform conservation and restoration plans.Un Eslabón Perdido entre un Loro No Volador y una Planta Parásita y el Papel Potencial de Coprolitos en Paleobiología de la Conservación
Insufflation of Hydrogen Gas Restrains the Inflammatory Response of Cardiopulmonary Bypass in a Rat Model
Authors: Fujii Yutaka , Shirai Mikiyasu , Inamori Shuji , Shimouchi Akito , Sonobe Takashi , Tsuchimochi Hirotsugu , Pearson James T. , Takewa Yoshiaki , Tatsumi Eisuke , Taenaka Yoshiyuki 
Published: October 2012

AbstractSystemic inflammatory responses in patients receiving cardiac surgery with the use of the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) significantly contribute to CPB‐associated morbidity and mortality. We hypothesized that insufflated hydrogen gas (H2) would provide systemic anti‐inflammatory and anti‐apoptotic effects during CPB, therefore reducing proinflammatory cytokine levels. In this study, we examined the protective effect of H2 on a rat CPB model. Rats were divided into three groups: the sham operation (SHAM) group, received sternotomy only; the CPB group, which was initiated and maintained for 60 min; and the CPB + H2 group in which H2 was given via an oxygenator during CPB for 60 min. We collected blood samples before, 20 min, and 60 min after the initiation of CPB. We measured the serum cytokine levels of (tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐6, and interleukin‐10) and biochemical markers (lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase). We also measured the wet‐to‐dry weight (W/D) ratio of the left lung 60 min after the initiation of CPB. In the CPB group, the cytokine and biochemical marker levels significantly increased 20 min after the CPB initiation and further increased 60 min after the CPB initiation as compared with the SHAM group. In the CPB + H2 group, however, such increases were significantly suppressed at 60 min after the CPB initiation. Although the W/D ratio in the CPB group significantly increased as compared with that in the SHAM group, such an increase was also suppressed significantly in the CPB + H2 group. We suggest that H2 insufflation is a possible new potential therapy for counteracting CPB‐induced systemic inflammation.
Weighing worth against uncertain work: the interplay of exhaustion, ambiguity, hope and disappointment in mothers breastfeeding late preterm infants
Authors: Demirci Jill Radtke , Happ Mary Beth , Bogen Debra L. , Albrecht Susan A. , Cohen Susan M. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractPoor breastfeeding outcomes among late preterm infants (LPIs) have been attributed to inadequate breast milk transfer stemming from physiological immaturities. However, breastfeeding is more than a biological phenomenon, and it is unclear how mothers ofLPIs manage other factors that may also impact the breastfeeding course. Using grounded theory methods and incorporating serial post‐partum interviews with several novel data collection techniques, we examined breastfeeding establishment over a 6–8‐week‐period among 10 late preterm mother‐infant dyads recruited from a maternity hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,USA. We found that breastfeeding in theLPIpopulation was a fluctuating, cascade‐like progression of trial and error, influenced by a host of contextual factors and events and culminating with breastfeeding continuation (with or without future caveats for duration or exclusivity of breastfeeding) or cessation. The trajectory was explained by the basic psychosocial processWeighingWorth againstUncertainWork, which encompassed the tension among breastfeeding motivation, the intensity of breastfeeding work and the ambiguity surrounding infant behaviour and feeding cues. Several sub‐processes were also identified:Playing theGame,LettingHim be theJudge vs.AccommodatingBoth ofUsandQuestioningWorth vs.Holding outHope. If valid, our theoretical model indicates a need for earlier, more extensive and more qualified breastfeeding support for mothers ofLPIs that emphasizes the connection between prematurity and observed feeding behaviours.
Embolised mesothelial cells in a tracheobronchial lymph node associated with idiopathic chylopericardium in a dog
Authors: Goupil A. , Bolliger C. , Lapointe C. , Morency A. , Girard C. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractA 5·5‐year‐old male castrated Bernese mountain dog presented with respiratory difficulties and was diagnosed with haemorrhagic pericardial effusion which transformed into chylopericardium. Thoracic duct ligation and subtotal pericardiectomy in combination with biopsy of an enlarged tracheobronchial lymph node were performed. Multiple clusters of mesothelial cell emboli were observed in the subcapsular sinus of the lymph node. No causative agent for the pericardial effusion could be identified, suggesting that this is a case of mesothelial cell embolisation associated with idiopathic ‐chylopericardium in a dog.
Congenital mesoblastic nephroma in a young basset hound dog
Authors: Soldati S. , Radaelli E. , Mazzuti A. , Scanziani E. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTAn 18‐month‐old male basset hound was presented with vomiting, diarrhoea and depression. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a mass in the left kidney. An ultrasound‐guided core‐biopsy indicated aggregates of spindle cells, but did not allow a definitive diagnosis. Nephrectomy was performed after a period of six months, when ultrasound examination revealed a slight increase in mass dimensions. Histologically the mass was composed of neoplastic spindle cells forming interlacing fascicles, bundles and whorls, within a loose myxoid to dense collagenous stroma. Immunohistochemically neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and smooth muscle actin. Based on these findings the tumour was diagnosed as a congenital mesoblastic nephroma, classical variant. After a two‐and‐a‐half‐year follow‐up the dog was clinically healthy, indicating a benign behaviour. To the authors’ knowledge, this report describes the first case of canine congenital mesoblastic nephroma successfully treated surgically, with a reasonable postsurgical follow‐up.
Hyperascorbaemia in dogs admitted to a teaching hospital intensive care unit
Authors: Groth E. , Honaker A. , Osterbur K. , Deitschel S. J. , Odunayo A. O. , Chang C.‐H. , DeClue A. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveTo determine whether or not dogs develop a deficiency of ascorbic acid during hospitalisation in an intensive care unit.MethodsBlood samples were collected daily for up to three days from dogs hospitalised in an intensive care unit for 36 to 72 hours (n = 16) or ê72 hours (n = 20) and from healthy dogs (n = 13). Plasma total ascorbic acid concentrations were measured using a colorimetric method involving a reaction between ascorbic acid, 2,6 dichlorophenol‐indophenol, thiourea and dinitrophenyl hydrazine. Additionally, clinical data were recorded for each patient.ResultsDogs hospitalised for ê72 hours had significantly greater plasma ascorbic acid concentrations on day 3 compared to days 1 and 2. There was no difference in plasma ascorbic acid concentrations between days 1 and 2 for dogs hospitalised for 36 to 72 hours. Plasma ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly greater for each day of sampling for the hospitalised dogs compared to the control dogs.Clinical SignificancePlasma ascorbic acid concentrations appear to increase during hospitalisation, and supplementation may not be indicated in dogs hospitalised in an intensive care unit.
Achievement Goals in Educational Contexts: A Social Psychology Perspective
Authors: Darnon Celine , Dompnier Benoit , Marijn Poortvliet P. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractResearch on achievement goals usually defines mastery goals as the desire to acquire knowledge, and performance goals as the desire to outperform (or not to underperform) others. Educational contexts are most of the time social contexts, involving various persons and groups, of various hierarchical positions, and various cultural and ideological contexts. Surprisingly, most research in the achievement goal field has been conducted at an individual level of analysis. In the present paper, we will review the social consequences and antecedents of goal endorsement. This research indicates that goals strongly affect the way one behaves with co‐learners. Moreover, it suggests that more than merely individual dispositions, goals reflect the social relation students have with other persons, institutions, and with the society to which they belong. We conclude this paper by setting an agenda for future achievement goal research.