bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Afforestation of marginal agricultural land in the Lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley, U.S.A.
Authors: Stanturf John , Schweitzer Callie , Gardiner Emile 
Published: October 2014

Afforestation of marginal agricultural land in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV) relies on native species, planted mostly in single-species plantations. Hard mast species such as oak and pecan are favored for their value to wildlife, especially on public land. Successful afforestation requires an understanding of site variation within floodplains and matching species preferences and tolerances to site characteristics, in particular to inundation regimes. Soil physical conditions, root aeration, nutrient availability, and moisture availability during the growing season also must be considered in matching species to site. Afforestation methods include planting seedlings or cuttings, and direct-seeding. Both methods can be done by hand or by machine. If good quality seedlings are planted properly and well cared for before planting, the chances for successful establishment are high but complete failures do occur. Mortality and poor growth are caused by many factors: extended post-planting drought or flooding; poor planting or seeding practices; poor quality seed or seedlings; animal depredation; or herbicide drift from aerial application to nearby cropland. More species can be planted, even on continuously flooded sites. Direct-seeding, while limited to heavy-seeded species (oaks and hickories), costs less than 50% of planting seedlings. Growth varies considerably by soil type; most bottomland hardwoods grow best on silt loam and less well on clay soils. Up to 200Â 000 ha of land in the LMAV subject to spring and early summer backwater flooding could be afforested over the next decade.
Use of satellite and field information in a forest damage survey of eastern Finnish Lapland in 1993
Authors: Mattila Eero 
Published: October 2014

The study area consists of the Finnish part of a Landsat 5 TM image from 1990. Three independent field samples were measured during 1991â93 in the study area. The first sample was used to compile training areas for supervised maximum likelihood classification of the image. Classification accuracy was studied in the second sample. The spectral separability of the forest strata usable in practical forestry was poor. The extent of the damage area was estimated by the principle of stratified sampling. The estimate included considerable bias because the field sample had not been objectively selected from the image classes. The third field sample was measured as part of the National Forest Inventory of Finland. It is wholly objective, and about ten times larger than the two earlier field samples. The poor spectral separability of the forest strata was confirmed by the NFI sample. However, this sample could be used in stratified sampling with little or no bias in the estimation of the damage area estimate. 14 different damage types were separated according to specific damaging agent. A thematic map was produced which presents the spatial distribution of two damage-rich image classes. The study area comprises 18Â 300 sq.km, of which 38% were damaged. At first sight it would appear that the proportion of damaged forest has tripled in ten years. However, this is not the case because now special attention was paid to forest health in the field work. Despite this, it is possible that some damage caused by unfavourable climatic phenomena in the â80s was still perceptible in 1993. No damage caused directly by air pollution has yet been verified in the study area.
Recurrent Primary Cardiac Lymphoma on Aortic Valve Allograft: Implications for Therapy
Authors: Farah Fahmi J. , Chiles Christopher D. 
Published: October 2014

Primary malignant cardiac lymphomas associated with grafts are extremely rare: to our knowledge, only 6 cases of prosthesis-associated B-cell lymphoma have been reported. Ours is the first report of recurrent diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with aortic valve allografts.
We treated a 60-year-old man who presented in early 2007 with aortic valve endocarditis. He underwent aortic valve replacement with an allograft; the resected native valve showed active endocarditis without tumor. In January 2011, the patient underwent repeat aortic valve replacement because of symptomatic aortic regurgitation. The explanted valve specimen displayed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In September 2011, the patient presented with fever and a mass around the aortic valve. He died in January 2012. On autopsy, the explanted replacement valve displayed recurrent diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The recurrent lymphoma on a new graft leads us to believe that this tumor is more aggressive than had been thought. We propose early systemic chemotherapy, in addition to tumor resection, for the possibility of a better prognosis. We discuss our patient's case and review the relevant medical literature.
Pulmonary Artery Sarcoma Masquerading as Chronic Pulmonary Thromboembolism
Authors: Coskun Ugur , Sinan Umit Yasar , Calpar Ilknur , Yildizeli Bedrettin , Yanartas Mehmet , Filinte Deniz , Kucukoglu Mehmet Serdar 
Published: October 2014

We describe the case of a 60-year-old woman who presented with pulmonary artery sarcoma, a very rare tumor of the cardiovascular system. Her tumor was initially misdiagnosed as chronic pulmonary thromboembolism, and she underwent pulmonary endarterectomy.
Early diagnosis of primary pulmonary artery sarcoma is crucial. That alternative should always be considered before settling on a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Suspicion should be aroused by the failure of anticoagulant treatment to alleviate pulmonary perfusion abnormalities and systemic symptoms. Surgical resection of the tumor—preferably by pulmonary endarterectomy, followed by reconstruction as needed—is currently the most promising treatment for pulmonary artery sarcoma.
Effect of Electrocautery on Endothelial Integrity of the Internal Thoracic Artery: Ultrastructural Analysis with Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Onan Burak , Yeniterzi Mehmet , Onan Ismihan Selen , Ersoy Burak , Gonca Suheyla , Gelenli Elif , Solakoglu Seyhun , Bakir Ihsan 
Published: October 2014

The internal thoracic artery (ITA) is typically harvested from the chest wall by means of conventional electrocautery. We investigated the effects of electrocautery on endothelial-cell and vessel-wall morphology at the ultrastructural level during ITA harvesting.
Internal thoracic artery specimens from 20 patients who underwent elective coronary artery bypass grafting were investigated in 2 groups. The ITA grafts were sharply dissected with use of a scalpel and clips in the control group (n=10) and were harvested by means of electrocautery in the study group (n=10). Each sample was evaluated for intimal, elastic-tissue, muscular-layer, and adventitial changes. Free flow was measured intraoperatively. Light microscopic examinations were performed after hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. Transmission electron microscopy was used to evaluate ultrastructural changes in the endothelial cells and vessel walls of each ITA.
In the sharp-dissection group, the endothelial surfaces were lined with normal amounts of original endothelium, endothelial cells were distinctly attached to the basal lamina, cytoplasmic organelles were evident, and intercellular junctional complexes were intact. Conversely, in the electrocautery group, the morphologic integrity of endothelial cells was distorted, with some cell separations and splits, contracted cells, numerous large cytoplasmic vacuoles, and no visible cytoplasmic organelles. The subendothelial layer exhibited disintegration. Free ITA flow was higher in the sharp-dissection group (P=0.04).
The integrity of endothelial cells can be better preserved when the ITA is mobilized by means of sharp dissection, rather than solely by electrocautery; we recommend a combined approach.
Do Charitable Subsidies Crowd Out Political Giving? The Missing Link between Charitable and Political Contributions
Authors: Yörük Bariş K. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn the United States, charitable contributions can be deducted from taxable income making the price of giving inversely related to the marginal tax rate. However, several other types of contributions such as donations to political organizations are not tax deductible. This paper investigates the spillover effects of charitable subsidies on political giving using five cross-sectional surveys of charitable and political giving in the United States conducted from 1990 to 2001. The results show that charitable and political giving are complements. Compared with non-donors, charitable donors are more likely to donate and give more to political organizations. Increasing the price of charitable giving decreases not only charitable giving but also the probability of giving and the amount of donations to political organizations. This effect is robust under different specifications and highlights the externalities created by charitable subsidies.
Consumption composition and macroeconomic dynamics
Authors: Alonso-Carrera Jaime , Caballé Jordi , Raurich Xavier 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe analyze the transitional dynamics of an economic model with heterogeneous consumption goods where convergence is driven by two different forces: the typical diminishing returns to capital and the dynamic adjustment in consumption expenditure induced by the variation in relative prices. We show that this second force affects the growth rate if the consumption goods are produced with technologies exhibiting different capital intensities and if the intertemporal elasticity of substitution is not equal to one. Because the aforementioned growth effect of relative prices arises only under heterogeneous consumption goods, the transitional dynamics of this model exhibits striking differences with the growth model with a single consumption good. We also show that these differences in the transitional dynamics can give raise to large discrepancies in the welfare cost of shocks.
Factors accounting for acquisition of polysemous shàng ‘to go up’-phrases in Chinese as a second language (CSL)
Authors: Liang Haiyan 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study looks into how factors such as Chinese L1 prototypicality, imageability, concreteness, literalness and frequency account for Chinese L2 acquisition of polysemous shàng ‘to go up’-phrases. As the first step, Chinese L1 speakers (N = 92) were instructed to produce five sentences with the verb shàng ‘to go up’. The production prototypicality pattern was achieved. This led to the selection of a list of 20 test items. In the second step the list of items were used to measure Chinese L2 learners' acquisition of them with a translation task (N = 96). Following this another four independent groups of Chinese L1 participants were asked to rank the test items according to their perceptions of teaching sequence in CSL (N = 95) and rate them based on their perceptions of imageability (N = 68), concreteness (N = 52) and literalness (N = 63). The same set of data was also checked in two Chinese corpora for the objective frequency in language use. The analyses indicate that L1 perceptions are reliable in predicting the acquisition sequence of the target shàng-phrases in CSL. The sequence correlates significantly with the prototypicality patterns but not with concreteness, imageability or literalness rating patterns. No conclusion, however, can be drawn about how objective frequency in corpora contributes to the acquisition pattern because of discrepancy between the two corpora. The results of the study support the cognitive reality of prototypicality and have implications for prototypicality-based L2 research and teaching practice.
Characterization and Semiquantitative Analysis of Volatile Compounds in Six Varieties of Sugarcane Juice
Authors: Yang Hua-Feng , Wang Song-Lei , Yu Shu-Juan , Zeng Xin-An , Wen Sun Da 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
The volatile composition of six Chinese sugarcane varieties has been analyzed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) method coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 40 volatile compounds were identified by the optimized HS-SPME procedure. It was found that the sugarcane juice from Daheixiong variety contained the highest amount of volatile compounds (108.48 mg/L), followed by Tai 22 (90.13 mg/L), 94128 (87.19 mg/L), Gui 00122 (80.16 mg/L), Yue 00236 (79.43 mg/L) and Taiyou (22.54 mg/L). Ethyl alcohol, limonene, hexanol, (s)-2-heptanol and acetic acid were the most abundant compounds present in sugarcane juice. Interestingly, these compounds were also selected by principal component analysis (PCA) to discriminate the sugarcane juices in terms of their varieties. Overall, the identification of aromatic compounds in sugarcane juice could provide useful information for determining sugarcane varieties and be used as a reference for choosing the suitable sugarcane variety as raw material for producing other product, like rums.
Fusion systems on 2-groups with exactly three involutions
Authors: Reichenbach René 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
We determine all saturated fusion systems ℱ on many 2-groups P with exactly three involutions. For this we use Janko's classification of these groups ([Groups of Prime Power Order. Vol. 1, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 2008, Section 82]) as a guide. On the way we describe all such P which contain an ℱ-essential subgroup isomorphic to

C

2
k

×

Q
8

${C_{2^k} \times Q_8}$

or to the Sylow 2-subgroup of PSU(3,4). Furthermore, we classify all saturated fusion systems on these P. This contributes to the outstanding classification of fusion systems on 2-groups of 2-rank 2.
Linkage Disequilibrium with Linkage Analysis of Multiline Crosses Reveals Different Multiallelic QTL for Hybrid Performance in the Flint and Dent Heterotic Groups of Maize
Authors: Giraud Héloïse , Lehermeier Christina , Bauer Eva , Falque Matthieu , Segura Vincent , Bauland Cyril , Camisan Christian , Campo Laura , Meyer Nina , Ranc Nicolas , Schipprack Wolfgang , Flament Pascal , Melchinger Albrecht E , Menz Monica , Moreno-González Jesús , Ouzunova Milena , Charcosset Alain , Schön Chris-Carolin , Moreau Laurence 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Multiparental designs combined with dense genotyping of parents have been proposed as a way to increase the diversity and resolution of quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping studies, using methods combining linkage disequilibrium information with linkage analysis (LDLA). Two new nested association mapping designs adapted to European conditions were derived from the complementary dent and flint heterotic groups of maize (Zea mays L.). Ten biparental dent families (N = 841) and 11 biparental flint families (N = 811) were genotyped with 56,110 single nucleotide polymorphism markers and evaluated as test crosses with the central line of the reciprocal design for biomass yield, plant height, and precocity. Alleles at candidate QTL were defined as (i) parental alleles, (ii) haplotypic identity by descent, and (iii) single-marker groupings. Between five and 16 QTL were detected depending on the model, trait, and genetic group considered. In the flint design, a major QTL (R2 = 27%) with pleiotropic effects was detected on chromosome 10, whereas other QTL displayed milder effects (R2 &lt; 10%). On average, the LDLA models detected more QTL but generally explained lower percentages of variance, consistent with the fact that most QTL display complex allelic series. Only 15% of the QTL were common to the two designs. A joint analysis of the two designs detected between 15 and 21 QTL for the five traits. Of these, between 27 for silking date and 41% for tasseling date were significant in both groups. Favorable allelic effects detected in both groups open perspectives for improving biomass production.
A Flexible Bayesian Model for Testing for Transmission Ratio Distortion
Authors: Casellas Joaquim , Manunza Arianna , Mercader Anna , Quintanilla Raquel , Amills Marcel 
Published: October 2014

AbstractCurrent statistical approaches to investigate the nature and magnitude of transmission ratio distortion (TRD) are scarce and restricted to the most common experimental designs such as F2 populations and backcrosses. In this article, we describe a new Bayesian approach to check TRD within a given biallelic genetic marker in a diploid species, providing a highly flexible framework that can accommodate any kind of population structure. This model relies on the genotype of each offspring and thus integrates all available information from either the parents’ genotypes or population-specific allele frequencies and yields TRD estimates that can be corroborated by the calculation of a Bayes factor (BF). This approach has been evaluated on simulated data sets with appealing statistical performance. As a proof of concept, we have also tested TRD in a porcine population with five half-sib families and 352 offspring. All boars and piglets were genotyped with the Porcine SNP60 BeadChip, whereas genotypes from the sows were not available. The SNP-by-SNP screening of the pig genome revealed 84 SNPs with decisive evidences of TRD (BF &gt; 100) after accounting for multiple testing. Many of these regions contained genes related to biological processes (e.g., nucleosome assembly and co-organization, DNA conformation and packaging, and DNA complex assembly) that are critically associated with embryonic viability. The implementation of this method, which overcomes many of the limitations of previous approaches, should contribute to fostering research on TRD in both model and nonmodel organisms.
FITC-Functionalized TiO2 Nanoparticles for Simultaneous Neuron Imaging and in Cell Photocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Tina , Go Mary Ann , Stricker Christian , Daria Vincent , Tricoli Antonio 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTCrystalline TiO2 nanoparticles were produced by scalable flame spray pyrolysis of organometallic solutions. A protocol is presented for the optimized functionalization of these particles with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), an important biomedical dye via a lysine linker. The pH, stoichiometry and time for lysine reaction were determined for highest dye loading and minimized degree of polylysine formation. Acidic reaction conditions, low lysine concentration and short reaction times were found to meet this aim. The resulting particles were used for imaging single neurons, showing high fluorescence emission and ability for the particles to diffuse into small neuron structures such as dendrites.
Microcrystalline Si thin films by re-crystallization of electrophoretic deposited Si nanoparticle films
Authors: Bills Braden , Dubey Mukul , Yan Baojie , Stevenson David , Fan Qi Hua 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTA new route to producing microcrystalline silicon (µc-Si) thin films by re-crystallizing Si nanoparticle films by flash lamp method is presented. High quality Si nanoparticle films with high uniformity and high particle packing density were obtained using a stable non-aqueous Si nanoparticle suspension and the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. Morphology and crystallinity of as-deposited and flash lamp re-crystallized Si nanoparticle films were studied.
A Transmission Right-of-Way as Habitat for Wild Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) in Connecticut
Authors: Wagner David L , Ascher John S , Bricker Nelson K 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Transmission line corridors in forested landscapes provide important early successional habitats for a taxonomically rich array of invertebrates. In this study, we investigated the wild bee diversity at 19 sites along a transmission line right-of-way in southeastern Connecticut over a 2-yr period. One hundred sixty-three species representing 31 genera—roughly 50% of the state's bee species—were captured over the course of the study. Richness estimates suggest total faunas of 152, 180, and 204 bee species for the bee bowl, net, and combined samples, respectively. One globally rare bee, Epeoloides pilosula (Cresson) (Apidae: Osirini), formerly thought to be extirpated in the United States, was recovered. Two rarely collected species, Melitta melittoides (Viereck) (Melittidae) and Colletes productus Robertson (Colletidae), were associated with maleberry (Lyonia ligustrina (L.) de Candolle) flowers. Four Bombus species known to have declined regionally, Bombus affinis Cresson, Bombus ashtoni (Cresson), Bombus pensylvanicus (DeGeer), and Bombus terricola Kirby, were not among the eight bumble bee (Bombus) species found. Our results underscore the importance of transmission line corridors as managed early successional habitat for wild bees, including rare species, in the largely forested landscapes of New England.
Executive Compensation and Regulation-Imposed Governance: Evidence from the California Nonprofit Integrity Act of 2004
Authors: Dhole Sandip , Khumawala Saleha B. , Mishra Sagarika , Ranasinghe Tharindra 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT
This study examines the impact of the California Nonprofit Integrity Act of 2004 on CEO compensation costs in affected organizations. Contrary to the stated objective of the Act that executive compensation is “just and reasonable,” we find that CEO compensation costs for affected nonprofits during the post-regulation periods have increased by about 6.3 percent when compared with a control group of comparable unaffected nonprofits. In addition, the relative increase in CEO compensation appears to come from nonprofits that have experienced greater regulatory cost increases. We do not find evidence that the Act resulted in a change in CEO pay performance sensitivity. The observed CEO pay increase is not systematically different across nonprofits that underpaid versus those that overpaid their CEOs during pre-Act periods. Overall, this paper highlights the unintended consequences of regulatory attempts to enhance governance in the not-for-profit sector.
Evaluation of dental age and associated developmental anomalies in subjects with impacted mandibular canines
Authors: Jain Shikha , Shetty K Sadashiva , Jain Shweta , Jain Sachin , Prakash A.T. , Agrawal Mamta 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Objectives:
To assess the null hypothesis that there is no difference in the rate of dental development and the occurrence of selected developmental anomalies related to shape, number, structure, and position of teeth between subjects with impacted mandibular canines and those with normally erupted canines.

Materials and Methods:
Pretreatment records of 42 subjects diagnosed with mandibular canines impaction (impaction group: IG) were compared with those of 84 subjects serving as a control reference sample (control group: CG). Independent t-tests were used to compare mean dental ages between the groups. Intergroup differences in distribution of subjects based on the rate of dental development and occurrence of selected dental anomalies were assessed using χ2 tests. Odds of late, normal, and early developers and various categories of developmental anomalies between the IG and the CG were evaluated in terms of odds ratios.

Results:
Mean dental age for the IG was lower than that for the CG in general. Specifically, this was true for girls (P &lt; .05). Differences in the distribution of the subjects based on the rate of dental development and occurrence of positional anomalies also reached statistical significance (P &lt; .05). The IG showed a higher frequency of late developers and positional anomalies compared with controls (odds ratios 3.00 and 2.82, respectively; P &lt; .05).

Conclusions:
The null hypothesis was rejected. We identified close association of female subjects in the IG with retarded dental development compared with the female orthodontic patients. Increased frequency of positional developmental anomalies was also remarkable in the IG.