bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cow's Milk–Associated Gastrointestinal Symptoms Evaluated Using the Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Food Challenge
Authors: Merras‐Salmio Laura , Pelkonen Anna S. , Kolho Kaija‐Leena , Kuitunen Mikael , Mäkelä Mika J. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of this study was to evaluate the suspicion of cow's‐milk allergy in infants with unspecific gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms using the double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge.Methods:A prospective cohort study, which recruited 57 consecutive children with gastrointestinally manifested symptoms suspected of cow's‐milk allergy. All patients underwent a 5‐day double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge for cow's milk.Results:The median age of the patients was 8.7 months. None had measurable cow's‐milk–specific IgE. The food challenge was positive in 18 (32%) cases, with symptoms manifesting within 48 hours in 17 of 18 cases. The only symptom that correlated with the positive challenge was loose stools, reported as a presenting symptom in 78% of challenge‐positive and in 46% of challenge‐negative children (P = 0.043). During active challenge, the respective proportions were 82% and 2% (P < 0.0001). No serious adverse effects were manifested during the challenges. In the challenge‐negative group, significant placebo reactions occurred in 18 (46%) patients. In the challenge‐negative children, adult‐type hypolactasia genotype CC frequency was higher (31%, P = 0.033) than national prevalence of 18%.Conclusions:In an infant with unspecific GI symptoms suspected of cow's‐milk allergy, this diagnosis is seldom confirmed. Other reasons for the troublesome GI symptoms should also be identified.
Positioning theory and narratives in the organization: teaching MSc students to apply theory to practice
Authors: Boston Paula 
Published: May 2013

This short article presents a teaching session on the topic of positioning theory and narratives within the organizational context. The theory is made more accessible to students through playful group experiential learning in which the university assessment process is considered from different discourses and positions. Students could see how, in role, they were positioned and positioned others. Organizational narratives were brought to life.Practitioner points
Novelty and playfulness are important in the teaching of theory
Using the ‘organization created around learning’ offers a refreshing new arena in which to apply theory
Positioning theory is best understood through experiential learning. By using the role play, the student is exposed simultaneously to at least three positions; their own personal perspective, that of the character in the role play and the experience of listening to others
Risk of obstetric anal sphincter lacerations among obese women
Authors: Lindholm ES , Altman D 
Published: May 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the risk for obstetric anal sphincter lacerations in relation to maternal obesity among primiparous women in Sweden.DesignA population‐based study.SettingSweden.PopulationAll women with vaginal delivery and singleton pregnancy in Sweden in the years 2003–2008 (n = 210 678).MethodsThe Medical Birth Registry, the National Board of Health and Welfare, was used to identify cases of rupture and body mass index (BMI) classes. The population was categorised into four classes with BMI of <25, 25 to <30, 30 to <35 and >35 kg/m2.Main outcome measuresOdds ratios were estimated with 95% confidence intervals. In order to estimate the effect of BMI on obstetric anal sphincter lacerations, with possible confounders accounted for, uni‐ and multivariate logistic regressions were performed.ResultsIn total, 8958 (4.25%) cases of anal sphincter lacerations (grade III–IV) occurred; increasing BMI showed a significant near‐dose–response type of protective effect against grade III–IV lacerations when compared with women with BMI <25 kg/m2: BMI 25 to <30 kg/m2, 0.89; BMI 30 to <35 kg/m2, 0.84; BMI > 35 kg/m2, 0.70.ConclusionOverweight and obesity were associated with a decreased risk for obstetric anal sphincter lacerations.
Centers of endemism and diversity patterns for typhlocybine leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) in China
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Huang Min , Wang Xiu‐Shuang , Ji Li‐Qiang , Zhang Ya‐Lin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThis study identifies ‘centers of endemism’ for typhlocybine leafhoppers in China, revealing diversity patterns and congruence of patterns between total species richness and endemism. Distribution patterns of 774 Typhlocybinae (607 described and 167 undescribed species) were mapped on a 1.5° × 1.5° latitude/longitude grid. Total species richness, endemic species richness and weighted endemism richness were calculated for each grid cell. Grid cells within the top 5% highest values of weighted endemism richness were considered as ‘centers of endemism’. Diversity patterns by latitude and altitude were obtained through calculating the gradient richness. A congruence of diversity patterns between total species richness and endemism was confirmed using correlation analysis. To investigate the bioclimatic factors (19 variables) contributing to the congruence between total species richness and endemism, we compared the factor's difference between non‐endemic and endemic species using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Eleven centers of endemism, roughly delineated by mountain ranges, were identified in central and southern China, including the south Yunnan, Hengduan Mountains, Qinling Mountains, Hainan Island, Taiwan Island and six mountain areas located in western Sichuan, northwest Fujian, southeast Guizhou, southeast Hunan, central and western Guangdong, and north Zhejiang. Total species richness and endemic species richness decreased with increased latitude and had a consistent unimodal response to altitude. The proportions of endemism decreased with increased latitude and increased with rising altitude. Diversity patterns between total species richness and endemism were highly consistent, and ‘Precipitation of Coldest Period’ and ‘Temperature of Coldest Period’ may contribute to the congruence of pattern. Migration ability may play a role in the relationship of endemism and species richness; climate, environment factors and important geologic isolation events can also play crucial effects on relationships under special conditions.
Low MHC variation in the polar bear: implications in the face of Arctic warming?
Authors: Weber D. S. , Van Coeverden De Groot P. J. , Peacock E. , Schrenzel M. D. , Perez D. A. , Thomas S. , Shelton J. M. , Else C. K. , Darby L. L. , Acosta L. , Harris C. , Youngblood J. , Boag P. , Desalle R. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAnimals in the Arctic have low pathogen diversity but with rapid climate warming, this is expected to change. One insidious consequence of climate change is exposure of Arctic species to new pathogens derived from more southern species expanding their range northward. To assess potential vulnerability of polar bears to disease exposure, we examined genetic variation in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci (part of immune system) in Canadian polar bears and found low genetic diversity, consistent with long‐standing exposure to low pathogen/parasite loads. All polar bears surveyed showed maximum linkage disequilibrium between DRB/DQB loci and 12% of individuals had a duplicated DQB gene haplotype. These results may reflect balancing selection at these loci, a response to an earlier immune‐challenge and/or be artifacts of polar bear‐brown bear divergence. Consistent with the latter, we found one DQA allele in polar bears that was also a brown bear DQA allele. The reported low MHC diversity and high linkage disequilibrium may have serious implications for polar bear resistance to new pathogens, which would be maladaptive to species in an environment undergoing rapid climate change, such as the Arctic.
Prior extended daily access to cocaine elevates the reward threshold in a conditioned place preference test
Authors: Su Zu‐In , Wenzel Jennifer , Ettenberg Aaron , Ben‐Shahar Osnat 
Published: May 2013

AbstractWe have previously shown that extended‐access subjects exhibit heightened motivation for cocaine in the runway model, as reflected by reduced number of retreats. This heightened motivation could reflect either an increase in cocaine‐induced reward or a decrease in cocaine‐induced aversion. The current experiment was therefore devised to assess the cocaine‐induced reward and aversion in extended‐access rats using a place conditioning test. Rats trained to lever press for intravenous (IV) cocaine (0.25 mg/infusion) were provided 6‐hour daily access to the drug over 10 days. Lever pressing in control subjects produced IV infusions of saline. Following drug self‐administration, subjects underwent place conditioning for the immediate or delayed effects of cocaine (1.0 or 2.5 mg/kg, IV). In control subjects, the immediate effects of the low dose of cocaine produced conditioned places preferences (CPPs), while the delayed effects produced conditioned place aversions (CPAs). In contrast, the animals receiving low cocaine dose for 6 hours, exhibited place aversions but not preferences; an effect that was reversed when the dose of cocaine was increased. Additionally, in the 6‐hour group, delayed conditioning was associated with a reduction in zif268 immunoreactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens shell while immediate conditioning was associated with an increase in zif268‐positive cells in the central nucleus of the amygdala. Collectively, these data suggest that extended daily access to cocaine produces a shift in the subject's perceived reward threshold that is paralleled by alterations in the activity of both the reward and stress pathways.
The first goblin spiders of the genus Camptoscaphiella (Araneae: Oonopidae) from New Caledonia
Authors: Baehr Barbara C , Harvey Mark S 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe first species of the goblin spider genus Camptoscaphiella Caporiacco from New Caledonia are recorded and described. C. monteithi new species was found on the summit of Mt Rembai, and C. potteri new species was found on Mt Mandjélia, suggesting that they are high‐altitude specialists.
Direct hospital costs of total laparoscopic hysterectomy compared with fast‐track open hysterectomy at a tertiary hospital: a retrospective case‐controlled study
Authors: Rhou Yoon J.J. , Pather Selvan , Loadsman John A. , Campbell Neil , Philp Shannon , Carter Jonathan 
Published: May 2013

AimsTo assess the direct intraoperative and postoperative costs in women undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy and fast‐track open hysterectomy.MethodsA retrospective review of the direct hospital‐related costs in a matched cohort of women undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) and fast‐track open hysterectomy (FTOH) at a tertiary hospital. All costs were calculated, including the cost of advanced high‐energy laparoscopic devices. The effect of the learning curve on cost in laparoscopic hysterectomy was also assessed, as was the hospital case‐weighted cost, which was compared with the actual cost.ResultsFifty women were included in each arm of the study. TLH had a higher intraoperative cost, but a lower postoperative cost than FTOH (AUD$3877 vs AUD$2776 P < 0.001, AUD$3965 vs AUD$6233 P < 0.001). The total cost of TLH was not different from FTOH (AUD$7842 vs AUD$9009 P = 0.068) and after a learning curve; TLH cost less than FTOH (AUD$6797 vs AUD$8647, P < 0.001). The use of high‐energy devices did not impact on the cost benefit of TLH, and hospital case‐weight‐based funding correlated poorly with actual cost.ConclusionDespite the use of fast‐track recovery protocols, the cost of TLH is no different to FTOH and after a learning curve is cheaper than open hysterectomy. Judicious use of advanced energy devices does not impact on the cost, and hospital case‐weight‐based funding model in our hospital is inaccurate when compared to directly calculated hospital costs.
New Computerized Indices for Quantitative Evaluation of Depression and Asymmetry in Patients With Chest Wall Deformities
Authors: Kim Ho Chul , Choi Hyuk , Jin Seung Oh , Lee Jae Jo , Nam Kyoung‐Won , Kim In‐Young , Nam Ki Chang , Park Hyung Joo , Lee Kwang Ho , Kim Min Gi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAn evaluation index that can quantitatively assess the severity of chest wall deformities is essential to prepare and assess corrective surgical operations for patients with these deformities, including funnel chest patients. In previous studies, our group proposed several automatically calculated indices that represent the severity of depression and asymmetry in the chest wall. These indices showed sufficient performance in most cases of deformities, including those involving asymmetric and symmetric depression; however, their linearity declined when assessing complex deformities. The purpose of this study is to propose two automated indices that provide linear evaluation output for all types of chest wall deformities, including complex deformities, and to evaluate their performance and clinical feasibility. Six reference chest wall boundary curves were obtained from 60 computed tomography (CT) images of a normal chest. Next, an active contour model‐based image processing technique was used to extract boundary curves from images of patients with real chest wall deformities. Third, the required parameters were extracted from the boundary curves and the targeted indices were calculated. Finally, the performance of the proposed indices was evaluated using 33 synthetic images and 60 real chest CT images of patients with chest wall deformities. The newly proposed indices can be automatically calculated from the original CT images and showed sufficient performance for all types of chest wall deformities. We believe that the newly proposed indices can facilitate pre‐ and postoperative evaluation of chest wall deformities in clinical practice.
Preliminary Validation of a New Magnetic Wireless Blood Pump
Authors: Kim Sung Hoon , Ishiyama Kazushi , Hashi Shuichiro , Shiraishi Yasuyuki , Hayatsu Yukihiro , Akiyama Masatoshi , Saiki Yoshikatsu , Yambe Tomoyuki 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn general, a blood pump must be small, have a simple configuration, and have sufficient hydrodynamic performance. Herein, we introduce new mechanisms for a wireless blood pump that is small and simple and provides wireless and battery‐free operation. To achieve wireless and battery‐free operation, we implement magnetic torque and force control methods that use two external drivers: an external coil and a permanent magnet with a DC‐motor, respectively. Power harvesting can be used to drive an electronic circuit for wireless monitoring (the observation of the pump conditions and temperature) without the use of an internal battery. The power harvesting will be used as a power source to drive other electronic devices, such as various biosensors with their driving circuits. To have both a compact size and sufficient pumping capability, the fully magnetic impeller has five stages and each stage includes four backward‐curved blades. The pump has total and inner volumes of 20 and 9.8 cc, respectively, and weighs 52 g. The pump produces a flow rate of approximately 8 L/min at 80 mm Hg and the power generator produces 0.3 W of electrical power at 120 Ω. The pump also produces a minimum flow rate of 1.5 L/min and a pressure of 30 mm Hg for circulation at a maximum distance of 7.5 cm.
Brain gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) abnormalities in bipolar disorder
Authors: Brady Roscoe O , McCarthy Julie M , Prescot Andrew P , Jensen J Eric , Cooper Alissa J , Cohen Bruce M , Renshaw Perry F , Öngür Dost 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesGamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) abnormalities have been implicated in bipolar disorder. However, due to discrepant studies measuring postmortem, cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and in vivo brain levels of GABA, the nature of these abnormalities is unclear. Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we investigated tissue levels of GABA in the anterior cingulate cortex and parieto‐occipital cortex of participants with bipolar disorder and healthy controls.MethodsFourteen stably medicated euthymic outpatients with bipolar disorder type I (mean age 32.6 years, eight male) and 14 healthy control participants (mean age 36.9 years, 10 male) completed a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy scan at 4‐Tesla after providing informed consent. We collected data from two 16.7‐mL voxels using MEGAPRESS, and they were analyzed using LCModel.ResultsGABA/creatine ratios were elevated in bipolar disorder participants compared to healthy controls [F(1,21) = 4.4, p = 0.048] in the anterior cingulate cortex (25.1% elevation) and the parieto‐occipital cortex (14.6% elevation). Bipolar disorder participants not taking GABA‐modulating medications demonstrated greater GABA/creatine elevations than patients taking GABA‐modulating medications.ConclusionsWe found higher GABA/creatine levels in euthymic bipolar disorder outpatients compared to healthy controls, and the extent of this elevation may be affected by the use of GABA‐modulating medications. Our findings suggest that elevated brain GABA levels in bipolar disorder may be associated with GABAergic dysfunction and that GABA‐modulating medications reduce GABA levels in this condition.
A comparative study of psychopathology, symptom severity, and short‐term outcome of postpartum and nonpostpartum mania
Authors: Ganjekar Sundarnag , Desai Geetha , Chandra Prabha S 
Published: May 2013

ObjectivesMost studies acknowledge that postpartum psychosis is a variant of bipolar disorder with certain unique clinical features. There have been several descriptions of similarities and differences between postpartum psychosis and postpartum mania to support this conclusion. However, not many studies have compared postpartum‐onset and nonpostpartum‐onset mania. This study compared short‐term outcome, clinical features, and severity of symptoms between these two groups.MethodsTwo groups of women (n = 30 each) matching the study criteria were recruited from psychiatric inpatient units in India during the period from April 2007 to August 2008. They had been systematically assessed for psychiatric symptoms and symptom severity using the Comprehensive Psychopathology Rating Scale (CPRS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), and Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). To evaluate short‐term outcome, all assessments were conducted within a week of admission and were repeated at six weeks.ResultsWomen with postpartum‐onset mania had higher scores on the HDRS, indicating more depressive symptoms. The score on the anxiety factor of the HDRS was also higher in the postpartum group. Based on CPRS ratings, perplexity, muscle tension, worrying, inner tension, lability of mood, lassitude, and disorientation were more common in the postpartum group, while typical manic symptoms were more common in the nonpostpartum group. Duration of hospital stay and short‐term outcome were, however, similar in the two groups.ConclusionsSymptoms of depression and anxiety are more common and more severe in mania of postpartum onset and typical manic symptoms are fewer. However, six‐week outcomes appear similar to those of nonpostpartum mania.
Young Children Give Priority to Ownership When Judging Who Should Use an Object
Authors: Neary Karen R. , Friedman Ori 
Published: May 2013

This study provides evidence that children give priority to ownership when judging who should use an object. Children (N = 269) and adults (N = 154) considered disputes over objects. In disputes between a character using an object and the owner of the object, children, as young as 3 years and as old as 7 years, sided with the owner, and did so more than adults. However, children aged 4 and older disregarded owners' rights in dilemmas where these were pitted against the need to prevent harm. These findings suggest that ownership is central in children's judgments about object use and constrain developmental accounts of how children acquire an appreciation of ownership.
Random measurements of adiponectin and IL‐6 may not be indicative of the 24‐h profile in critically ill patients
Authors: Robinson Katherine , Jones Mark , Ordonez Jenny , Grice Jeffrey , Davidson Ben , Prins John , Venkatesh Bala 
Published: May 2013

SummaryContextThe anti‐inflammatory role of adiponectin has prompted interest in a potential role in acute inflammatory conditions associated with critical illness. It is unclear whether a random adiponectin measurement adequately reflects the 24‐h profile in critically ill patients.ObjectiveTo assess the temporal profile of total and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in 15 critically ill patients.DesignA prospective, observational study.SettingLevel II intensive care unit in a metropolitan hospital.Patients or Other ParticipantsFifteen critically ill patients expected to stay in the ICU for longer than 48 h were eligible for enrolment.Intervention(s)None.Main Outcome Measure(s)Serial, hourly measurements of total and HMW adiponectin and IL‐6.ResultsOver a 24‐h period, total and HMW adiponectin display considerable within‐patient variability (coefficient of variation 34% and 87% respectively) and show no trend over time. Averaging 2 or 3 continuous measures reduced within‐patient variability of both total and HMW adiponectin by up to 50% compared to one measure. There was a negative correlation between serum glucose and adiponectin (total P = 0·016, HMW P = 0·039). No relationship existed between adiponectin and IL‐6 (total P = 0·62, HMW P = 0·35).ConclusionsMarked within‐patient, hourly variability in total and HMW adiponectin is evident in critically ill patients. A random measurement may not be reflective of the 24‐h profile in these patients. A negative correlation exists between adiponectin and blood glucose levels and a positive correlation between adiponectin and oxygen saturation. No clear relationship exists between adiponectin and IL‐6.
Adrenal insufficiency is prevalent in HbE/β‐thalassaemia paediatric patients irrespective of their clinical severity and transfusion requirement
Authors: Nakavachara Pairunyar , Viprakasit Vip 
Published: May 2013

SummaryObjectivesTransfusion dependency is known to cause endocrinopathies in patients with thalassaemia such as adrenal insufficiency, because transfusion‐related iron overload is injurious to endocrine organs. Children with HbE/ß‐thalassaemia vary greatly in red cell transfusion requirement and some are transfusion dependent (TD), whereas others are nontransfusion dependent (NTD). Because iron overload is thought to be the primary cause of adrenal insufficiency, TD children with HbE/ß‐thalassaemia are considered likely candidates for the development of adrenal insufficiency, while the adrenal function of NTD children is generally considered to be normal. As yet, the prevalence of adrenal insufficiency among children with NTD HbE/β‐thalassaemia is not known. The present study was performed to (i) assess the prevalence of adrenal insufficiency in children with both TD and NTD HbE/β‐thalassaemia and to evaluate whether there is any difference in the prevalence of adrenal insufficiency between both groups and (ii) determine the type of adrenal insufficiency (primary or secondary).MethodsWe investigated the prevalence of adrenal insufficiency among TD (n = 42) and NTD (n = 43) children with HbE/β‐thalassaemia by assessing morning serum cortisol levels, and we distinguished between primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency by assessing the cortisol responses following the 1‐ and 250‐μg ACTH stimulation tests.ResultsThe prevalence of adrenal insufficiency among TD and NTD children with HbE/β‐thalassaemia was 50% and 53·5%, respectively. By using the 250‐μg ACTH stimulation test, at least 39% and 23·5% were diagnosed with adrenal gland hypofunction in TD and NTD children, respectively.ConclusionThis is the first study to show that adrenal insufficiency is common among all children with HbE/β‐thalassaemia, irrespective of their transfusion history or requirement. Our findings have important implications for the clinical management of these children.