bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface chlorination of IrO2(110) by HCl
Authors: Pope Connor , Yun Jungwon , Reddy Rishikishore , Jamir Jovenal , Kim Dongjoon , Kim Minkyu , Asthagiri Aravind , Weaver Jason F. 
Published: August 2024

The ability to controllably chlorinate metal-oxide surfaces can provide opportunities for designing selective oxidation catalysts. In the present study, we investigated the surface chlorination of IrO2(110) by HCl using temperature programmed reaction spectroscopy (TPRS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We find that exposing IrO2(110) to HCl, followed by heating to 650 K in ultrahigh vacuum, produces nearly equal quantities of on-top and bridging Cl atoms on the surface, Clt and Clbr, where the Clbr atoms replace O-atoms that are removed from the surface by H2O formation. After HCl adsorption at 85 K, only H2O desorbs at low Cl coverages during TPRS, but HCl begins to desorb in increasing yields as the Cl coverage is increased above about 0.5 monolayer (ML). The desorption of Cl2 was not observed under any conditions, in good agreement with the high barrier for this reaction predicted by DFT. A maximum Cl coverage of 1 ML, with nearly equal coverages of Clt and Clbr atoms, could be generated by reacting HCl with IrO2(110) in UHV. Our results suggest that a kinetic competition between recombinative HCl and H2O desorption under the conditions studied limits the saturation Cl coverage to a value less than the 2 ML maximum predicted by thermodynamics. XPS further shows that the partitioning of Cl between the Clt and Clbr states can be altered by subjecting partially chlorinated IrO2(110) to reductive or oxidative treatments, demonstrating that the Cl site population can change dynamically in response to the gas environment. Our results provide insights for understanding the chlorination of IrO2(110) by HCl and can enable future experimental studies to determine how Cl-modification alters the surface chemical reactivity of IrO2(110) and potentially enhances selectivity toward partial oxidation chemistry.
Effect of egg weight and maternal flock age on egg characteristics, incubation traits, and offspring performance
Authors: Moreno Filipe Augusto , Dahlke Fabiano , Kuritza Leandro Nagae , Alvarez Marcus Vinícius Niz , Dias Isabella de Camargo , Maiorka Alex 
Published: August 2024

Context There are pre-hatch factors that can influence performance during the growing phase, such as the egg size and breeder age. Aims Investigate the influence of egg weight and flock age separately on egg characteristics, hatching traits, hatchling weight, and initial offspring performance. Methods Treatments consisted of eggs laid by 28-week-old (Y), 42-week-old (M), or 61-week-old (O) broiler breeder hens and different egg-weight classes, light (L, 56.6–62.2 g), average (A, 62.3–67.9 g), or heavy (H, 68–73.6 g). Eggs of a similar weight from hens of different ages (treatments YA/ML, YH/MA/OL, and MA/OA) were selected, which allowed us to assess specifically the effect of maternal flock age on the following variables: egg characteristics (eggshell, yolk, and albumen), incubation traits (egg weight loss (EWL), and hatchability), hatchling weight, and live performance of the progeny (7, 14 and 21 days). When data satisfied homogeneity of variance, they were submitted to the one-way ANOVA, and means were compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability level. Key results Eggshell thickness and albumen height were lower, but albumen weight, yolk weight, and percentage of yolk were higher in eggs produced by older flocks. When eggs of the same weight were evaluated, the variables were also affected by flock ages. EWL increased with the hen age. The age of the hen and egg weight significantly affect the hatchability and hatchling weight. The maximum hatchability was recorded in eggs from broiler breeders at the age of 42 weeks (90.53%). In the average egg-size group (62.3–67.9 g), the young hens produced the lightest chick, and the old flock had the worst hatchability. Broiler’s performance was influenced both by flock age and egg weight. Conclusions The eggshell thickness is mainly influenced by the egg size. However, other egg features are affected by flock age. EWL and chick weight are reduced in young flocks. The oldest flocks produced heavier chicks and the positive effect on feed intake and bodyweight remained until 14 days of age. Implications Egg size and broiler breeder age can influence the egg traits and performance of broilers.
Digital multimodal composing as a translanguaging space
Authors: Wang Danping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Multimodality and translanguaging are groundbreaking concepts that researchers and teachers in second language
education have increasingly embraced over the past decade. Despite their potential to transform traditional monolingual and
monomodal approaches to assessment design, these concepts remain largely unexplored in Chinese language teaching, particularly as
legitimate assessment strategies. This study was conducted with a large group of ab initio beginners of Chinese at a Western
university. It first analyses students’ digital multimodal composing (DMC) projects, a video assessment designed to enable
students to showcase their learning achievements multimodally and multilingually. It then discusses the challenges students
encountered when engaging with this novel assessment approach for the first time. Findings demonstrate that in this DMC project
students created a translanguaging space with rich trans-semiotic resources, actively engaging in communication through their
newly acquired language despite being absolute beginners in their first few weeks of learning. Furthermore, due to the novelty of
the assessment design, the study also found that some students encountered challenges such as uneven technical skills and the
complexity of the assessment design. The study suggests that teachers should reconceptualise their approach to teaching Chinese in
the digital age, focusing on empowering learners to apply their language skills in real-life communication contexts. Building
ownership of their L2 learning can strengthen their motivation to learn Chinese more effectively and creatively.
Emergence of cosmic space and horizon thermodynamics from Kaniadakis entropy
Authors: Prasanthan Pranav , Nelleri Sarath , Poonthottathil Navaneeth , E K Sreejith 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Utilizing Kaniadakis entropy associated with the apparent horizon of the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker Universe and applying the emergence of cosmic space paradigm, we deduce the modified Friedmann equation for a non-flat (n+1)-dimensional Universe. Employing the first law of thermodynamics, we arrive at the same modified Friedmann equation, showing the connection between emergence of cosmic space and first law of thermodynamics. We also establish the condition to satisfy the generalized second law of thermodynamics within the Kaniadakis framework. Our study illuminates the intricate connection between the law of emergence and horizon thermodynamics, offering a deeper insight through the lens of Kaniadakis entropy.
The water bottle flipping experiment: a quantitative comparison between experiments and numerical simulations
Authors: Nassoy Julie , Huu Margot Nguyen , Rembotte Léon , Trebbia Jean-Baptiste , Nassoy Pierre 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The water bottle flip experiment is a recreational, non-conventional illustration of the conservation of angular momentum. When a bottle partially filled with water is thrown in a rotational motion, water redistributes throughout the bottle, resulting in an increase of moment of inertia and thus a decrease in angular velocity, which increases the probability of it falling upright on a table as compared with a bottle filled with ice. The investigation of this phenomenom is accessible to undergraduate students and should allow them to gain better understanding of combined translational and rotational motions in classical mechanics. We report a series of detailed experiments that are quantitatively compared with numerical calculations based on a simple theoretical framework in which the water volume is decomposed into thin slices of a rigid body that are subjected to fictitious forces in the non-inertial frame of the spinning bottle. This model also allows us to capture and predict other experimental configurations. Finally, we discuss additional counter-intuitive effects that contribute to bottle stabilization on landing.
Optical fiber shape reconstruction algorithm based on 3D Euler spiral model
Authors: Tian Ye , Zhu Shicheng , Duan Chao , Tan Tao , Mu Daolu , Chen Wenli , Zhang Jianzhong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a reconstruction algorithm that uses a 3D Euler spiral model to construct the microsegment of a 3D space curve to improve the reconstruction efficiency. Euler spiral is a curve whose shape information changes linearly with arc length, which improves the current assumption of the reconstruction algorithms that the shape information of the micro-segment is constant, and effectively reduces the number of interpolations required, and thus improves the efficiency of the shape algorithm. To verify the effectiveness of this algorithm, a method for constructing random space curves is proposed. Three random space curves of different lengths are reconstructed and the results are compared with the reconstruction algorithms based on the homogeneous transformation matrix and Bishop frame. The results show that this model can significantly improve the efficiency of the algorithm. Under the random space curves of 1 m, 10 m, and 100 m, the efficiency is enhanced by about 15, 27, and 30 times respectively. Prepare a shape sensor with a length of 1465 mm to verify the highest reconstruction accuracy of 3D Euler spiral model, which is consistent with the simulation results. The results provide a solid foundation for further research in the field of shape sensing, and show potential for promoting the development of applications that rely on real-time shape measurements.
A novel method for the classification of 3D point clouds based on the improved PointNet++
Authors: Liu Ziming , Li Guoguang , Wang Beibei , Yan Bin , Gao Ruizhen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In deep learning, point clouds are used as the primary input format for 3D data, which can provide detailed geometric information about objects in the original 3D space. PointNet++ is a deep learning network that uses point cloud data as an input format, which avoids the losses associated with the previous conversion of point cloud into 3D voxelization and a collection of 2D images. Although PointNet++ can directly process point cloud data in various ways, due to the disordered, irregular, and unevenly distributed nature of point cloud data, the effect of extracting point cloud features could be better. The large amount of point cloud data also leads to the training model falling into the local optimal solution, which affects the training results. In recent years, some effective methods and strategies have emerged to address these problems. In this study, three methods are proposed based on the PointNet++ network: feature similarity-based attention pooling, small kernel convolution, and diverse branch block method to improve the performance of the PointNet++ network. Experiments show that the improvement methods proposed in this paper effectively improve the feature extraction accuracy, which improves the accuracy of the PointNet++ network for classification on the ModelNet40_Normal_Resampled dataset, with an overall improvement of 1% compared with PointNet++.
Electromagnetic and thermal performance study on a canted stack of REBCO tapes
Authors: Wang Mingyang , Meng Xuan’ang , Wang Xueliang , Ye Haosheng , Zhou Xuan , Sheng Jie , Li Zhuyong , Jin Zhijian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Due to the critical current limitation of a single rare-earth barium copper oxide (REBCO) tape, stacking methods are generally employed to increase the current carrying capacity in practical high-temperature superconducting (HTS) applications. However, the overall critical current is strongly dependent on the self-magnetic field, which is influenced by the geometrical arrangement of conductors in the stack. Due to their brittle ceramic properties, REBCO tapes are conventionally bent along the thickness side of the tape. However, the difference in bending radii of the outer and inner tape surfaces in the stack may lead to fracture deformation, thereby limiting the stacking number of REBCO tapes. To balance the stacking number with the bending issue, a canted stack is proposed as a variant of the normal stack for REBCO tapes. As a potential HTS intermediate component, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive study on the electromagnetic and thermal performance of the canted stack. The unique geometrical arrangement of the canted stack introduces new factors that affect the critical current and transport AC loss. This paper concludes with the special influencing factors of canted stacks, including canted angle, stacking number, tape width, and spatial structure. The metal interleaving method is introduced for spatial distribution changing and thermal stability. Furthermore, orthogonal analysis is performed to elucidate the comprehensive correlation among these multiple factors. This study provides insights into the overall critical current and transport AC loss for different combinations of canted stack and establishes a predicting function for critical current to support the structural design of canted stacks. Based on the specific case study, the improved capability of the canted stack is confirmed by both experiments and simulations.
Fast current discharging using self-coupling energy absorption for insulated high temperature superconductor magnets
Authors: Liu Jingyi , Lu Zhen , Wang Yawei , Yang Qingqing , Fu Yutong , Zhao Yue , Jin Zhijian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Quench protection has always been challenging for high-temperature superconductor (HTS) coils. Fast current discharge after quench detection is important for a successful coil protection. The copper plates initially intended for cooling can significantly accelerate the discharging process for HTS coils through electromagnetic coupling between coils and copper plates. However, the underlying physical mechanism of this technique has not been studied thoroughly. Here we present a detailed study on the electromagnetic and thermal characteristics of HTS coils coupled with copper plates through experiments and simulations. The results show that a considerable current rebound occurs after an accelerating current drop in the early stage of the fast-discharging process. This coil current rebound is induced by temperature rise as well as the resistivity of copper plates, which are heated by induced eddy current. The heat transfer from copper plates can uniformly heat the whole coil rapidly, which speeds up the discharging process, meanwhile it can also induce overcurrent quench risk. A 30 T@20 K HTS magnet with 36 single pancakes is analyzed. The coupling copper plates can make the coil current drop to 36.9% within the initial 8 ms. The temperature rise induced by copper plates shows a considerable nonuniform distribution among the multiple coil systems. The protection can be enhanced by optimizing the resistivity of copper plates and magnetic coupling strength between plates and coils. This technique has great potential for the protection of insulated HTS magnets.
D-nontrilocality of sparse probability tensors and the triangle network
Authors: Zhao Xue-Yan , Chen Zheng-Li , Wang Wen-Hua , Cao Huai-Xin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Bell’s inequalities are linear and apply for cases of two entangled bodies. In this work, we consider the case of entanglement among three bodies as previously discussed in [Renou, et al Phys. Rev. Lett., 123, 140 401 (2019)] and based on triangle network. By discussing the question whether a sparse probability tensor (SPT) can be represented by a discrete trilocal hidden variable model (D-triLHVM), we show that every SPT having a D-triLHVM satisfies a set of concrete equalities and a nonlinear inequality, which can be used to detect whether a D-triLHVM can describe the network completely. As an application, we re-explore the D-nontrilocality of the correlations studied by Renou et al and that of the triangle network with shared entangled pure states. We also leave open questions about the closednees of the set of all D-trilocal probability tensors and the description with a continuous trilocal hidden variable model.
Large scale massively parallel numerical simulation for blast effects on structures
Authors: Liu N , Zeng F , Wang J , Wang J T , Zhang P , Li K , Yu Y Q 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An efficient large-scale parallel computing program for blast effects on structures is developed based on software platform mode, which adopts component-based three-layer software architecture to achieve disciplinary hierarchy. The parallel layer encapsulates high-performance data structures and shields large-scale parallel computing technology, enabling efficient mesh adaptivity. The common numerical algorithm layer encapsulates fluid, structural, and coupling algorithm processes providing standardized interfaces for extending numerical schemes. The physical model layer provides extension interfaces for state equations, source terms, initial boundary values, etc, to facilitate quick customization of large-scale parallel software for blast effects on structures. Typical examples verify the correctness, effectiveness and high precision of the proposed program in fluid-structure coupling problems. The parallel efficiency of 300,000 processor cores with hundreds of millions of grids reach 60.84% for the shock wave transmission. Finally, the dynamic behavior of multi-storey buildings under blast waves is simulated to reveal the damage model of the overall collapse. These results show that the software has a broad application prospect in the field of explosion. The results suggest that the software holds significant potential for application in the field of explosion, particularly in intricate and large-scale scenarios.
Research on integrated LiDAR and multi-parameter detection of atmospheric transmittance, turbulence, and wind
Authors: Hu Yalin , Xie Chenbo , Zhou Hui , Xing Kunming , Wang Bangxin , Wang Yingjian 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An integrated LiDAR system has been reported, which can be used for simultaneous detection of atmospheric transmittance, turbulence, and wind along the same path. Through the integrated design of optics and mechanics, the size and weight of the system were effectively reduced. The comprehensive detection distance of atmospheric transmittance, atmospheric coherence length, and radial wind had also been achieved at least 4 kilometers. Comparative experiments have demonstrated that the detection results of the integrated LiDAR system and the near-surface meteorological observation system have standard deviations of less than 0.03 km−1 for extinction coefficient, 0.2 m/s for wind velocity, and 7.15 × 10−14 m−2/3 for C

2

n
(atmospheric refractive index structure parameter), thus verifying the accuracy of the system detection. The reliability of the integrated LiDAR system was validated through six consecutive nights of continuous detection experiments, measuring three parameters simultaneously. Through analysis, the influence laws among atmospheric transmittance, coherence length, and wind were preliminarily explored. Significant variations in wind velocity can induce substantial fluctuations in atmospheric coherence length, and it is positively correlated with atmospheric transmittance. The integrated LiDAR system can provide a variety of reliable real-time detection data for further research on the laser transmission process in the atmosphere.
Extreme ultraviolet emission spectra of a low-pressure microwave neon discharge
Authors: Ye Zeyi , Yu Yue , Li Wenbin , Qi Runze , Wang Zhanshan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, in order to reveal the discharge mechanism and optimize the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission lines in intensity of a low-pressure microwave (MW) neon discharge, the EUV neon spectra is carefully characterized under varied MW powers and neon pressures. The corona balance is verified to be valid for the neon upper levels of the measured EUV lines, and the electron temperature T

e
is derived by the modified Boltzmann plot method and the line-ratio method. Both results of the methods present a decreasing trend of T

e
with growing neon pressure, but the values in a range of 1.87-5.77 eV deduced by the former method is in general lower than that calculated by the latter with a range of 2.23–5.58 eV in similar neon pressure range. It is also found that the increase of MW power from 90 to 135 W only leads to a slight increasing of T

e
. A global model is applied to estimate the electron density n

e
, which is found to lie in the order of magnitude of 1010 cm−3. The dependence of the plasma parameters on different discharge conditions is analysed in detail, which in turn provide a favourable basis for further optimization of the promising low-pressure MW discharge radiation source.
Viscous modified Chaplygin gas with spherical top-hat collapse in modified theories of gravity
Authors: Kundu Rownak , Debnath Ujjal , Pradhan Anirudh 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The work explores the dynamics of a spherically symmetric perturbation of viscous modified Chaplygin gas (VMCG) in different gravity theories within the spherical top hat collapse framework (SC-TH). The study investigates the behaviour of perturbed quantities such as the δ, θ, w, w

c
, c
s

2, c
e

2, and h using numerical and graphical analysis. Our findings reveal that VMCG generates quintessential dark energy without crossing over to the phantom barrier in most of the gravity models considered here. Further, in all the gravity models considered here, VMCG remained classically stable. This research offers new insights into the evolution of VMCG in different gravitational contexts. In this paper, we have examined the collapse of viscous modified Chaplygin gas in the context of (i) Einstein’s gravity, (ii) Loop quantum cosmology, (iii) generalised Rastall gravity, and (iv) the fractal universe. We have also addressed their comparative analysis.
Bulk properties of nuclear matter in a modified relativistic dirac formalism
Authors: Panda A K , Panda S , Panda B K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this study, we employ a phenomenologically modified relativistic Dirac framework coupled with the σ - ω quark-meson coupling model to look into the properties of nuclear matter. By combining scalar and vector linear potential forms and incorporating perturbative adjustments for various factors such as centre-of-mass motion, gluonic, and pionic effects, we aim to find the nucleon’s mass in a vacuum. Then, we consider nucleon-nucleon interactions are constructed within a mean-field approximation. Our methodology systematically explores key characteristics of nuclear matter, including equations of state, compressibility, binding energy, and pressure. Furthermore, we compute essential parameters such as the nucleon charge radius, axial-vector coupling constant, pion coupling constant, nuclear sigma term, sensitivity, and potential strengths. And also, we calculate symmetry energy, density slop (L) and incompressibility (

K
0

). In addition, we compute the mass and radius of a neutron star and provide a graphical representation illustrating the relationship between mass and radius. To validate our results, we comprehensively compare them with other theoretical models and quark-meson coupling approaches, confirming the precision and reliability of our theoretical paradigm. Overall, our study enhances our understanding of the fundamental properties of nuclear matter and underscores their relevance in elucidating complex astrophysical phenomena.