bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing tectonic and climatic causal mechanisms in foreland‐basin stratal architecture: insights from the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran
Authors: Ballato Paolo , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe southern foreland basin of the Alborz Mountains of northern Iran is characterized by an approximately 7.3‐km‐thick sequence of Miocene sedimentary rocks, constituting three basin‐wde coarsening‐upward units spanning a period of 106 years. We assess available magnetostratigraphy, paleoclimatic reconstructions, stratal architecture, records of depositional environments, and sediment‐provenance data to characterize the relationships between tectonically‐generated accommodation space (A) and sediment supply (S). Our analysis allows an inversion of the stratigraphy for particular forcing mechanisms, documenting causal relationships, and providing a basis to decipher the relative contributions of tectonics and climate (inferred changes in precipitation) in controlling sediment supply to the foreland basin. Specifically, A/S > 1, typical of each basal unit (17.5–16.0, 13.8–13.1 and 10.3–9.6 Ma), is associated with sharp facies retrogradation and reflects substantial tectonic subsidence. Within these time intervals, arid climatic conditions, changes in sediment provenance, and accelerated exhumation in the orogen suggest that sediment supply was most likely driven by high uplift rates. Conversely, A/S < 1 (13.8 and 13.8–11 Ma, units 1, and 2) reflects facies progradation during a sharp decline in tectonic subsidence caused by localized intra‐basinal uplift. During these time intervals, climate continued to be arid and exhumation active, suggesting that sediment supply was again controlled by tectonics. A/S < 1, at 11–10.3 Ma and 9‐6–7.6 Ma (and possibly 6.2; top of units 2 and 3), is also associated with two episodes of extensive progradation, but during wetter phases. The first episode appears to have been linked to a pulse in sediment supply driven by an increase in precipitation. The second episode reflects a balance between a climatically‐induced increase in sediment supply and a reduction of subsidence through the incorporation of the proximal foreland into the orogenic wedge. This in turn caused an expansion of the catchment and a consequent further increase in sediment supply. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicokinetics and coagulopathy threshold of the rodenticide diphacinone in eastern screech-owls (Megascops asio)
Authors: Rattner Barnett A. , Horak Katherine E. , Lazarus Rebecca S. , Goldade David A. , Johnston John J. 
Published: September 2013

Abstract

In the United States, new regulations on second-generation anticoagulant rodenticides will likely be offset by expanded use of first-generation anticoagulant rodenticides. In the present study, eastern screech-owls (Megascops asio) were fed 10 µg diphacinone/g wet weight food for 7 d, and recovery was monitored over a 21-d postexposure period. By day 3 of exposure, diphacinone (DPN) was detected in liver (1.63 µg/g wet wt) and kidney (5.83 µg/g) and coagulopathy was apparent. By day 7, prothrombin time (PT) and Russell's viper venom time (RVVT) were prolonged, and some individuals were anemic. Upon termination of exposure, coagulopathy and anemia were resolved within 4 d, and residues decreased to &lt;0.3 µg/g by day 7. Liver and kidney DPN elimination occurred in 2 phases (initial rapid loss, followed by slower loss rate), with overall half-lives of 11.7 d and 2.1 d, respectively. Prolonged PT and RVVT occurred in 10% of the exposed owls with liver DPN concentrations of 0.122 µg/g and 0.282 µg/g and in 90% of the owls with liver concentrations of 0.638 µg/g and 0.361 µg/g. These liver residue levels associated with coagulopathy fall in the range of values reported in raptor mortality incidents involving DPN. These tissue-based toxicity reference values for coagulopathy in adult screech-owls have application for interpreting nontarget mortality and assessing the hazard of DPN in rodent-control operations. Diphacinone exposure evokes toxicity in raptors within a matter of days; but once exposure is terminated, recovery of hemostasis occurs rapidly. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:74–81. © 2013 SETAC. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Panostotic Expansile Bone Disease With Massive Jaw Tumor Formation and a Novel Mutation in the Signal Peptide of RANK
Authors: Schafer Anne L , Mumm Steven , El-Sayed Ivan , McAlister William H , Horvai Andrew E , Tom Andrea M , Hsiao Edward C , Schaefer Frederick V , Collins Michael T , Anderson Mark S , Whyte Michael P , Shoback Dolores M 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Precise regulation of bone resorption is critical for skeletal homeostasis. We report a 32-year-old man with a panostotic expansile bone disease and a massive hemorrhagic mandibular tumor. Originally from Mexico, he was deaf at birth and became bow-legged during childhood. There was no family history of skeletal disease. Puberty occurred normally, but during adolescence he experienced difficulty straightening his limbs, sustained multiple fractures, and developed a bony tumor on his chin. By age 18 years, all limbs were misshapen. The mandibular mass grew and protruded from the oral cavity, extending to the level of the lower ribs. Other bony defects included a similar maxillary mass and serpentine limbs. Upon referral at age 27 years, biochemical studies showed serum alkaline phosphatase of 1760 U/L (Nl: 29-111) and other elevated bone turnover markers. Radiography of the limbs showed medullary expansion and cortical thinning with severe bowing. Although the jaw tumors were initially deemed inoperable, mandibular mass excision and staged partial maxillectomy were eventually performed. Tumor histopathology showed curvilinear trabeculae of woven bone on a background of hypocellular fibrous tissue. Fibrous dysplasia of bone was suspected, but there was no mutation in codon 201 of GNAS in samples from blood or tumor. His clinical and radiographic findings, elevated serum markers, and disorganized bone morphology suggested amplified receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) signaling, even though his disorder differed from conditions with known constitutive activation of RANK signaling (eg, familial expansile osteolysis). We found a unique 12-base pair duplication in the signal peptide of TNFRSF11A, the gene that encodes RANK. No exon or splice site mutations were found in the genes encoding RANK ligand or osteoprotegerin. Alendronate followed by pamidronate therapies substantially decreased his serum alkaline phosphatase activity. This unique patient expands the phenotypes and genetic basis of the mendelian disorders of RANK signaling activation. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Pregnancy-Associated Osteoporosis With a Heterozygous Deactivating LDL Receptor-Related Protein 5 (LRP5) Mutation and a Homozygous Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) Polymorphism
Authors: Cook Fiona J , Mumm Steven , Whyte Michael P , Wenkert Deborah 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

Pregnancy-associated osteoporosis (PAO) is a rare, idiopathic disorder that usually presents with vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) within 6 months of a first pregnancy and delivery. Spontaneous improvement is typical. There is no known genetic basis for PAO. A 26-year-old primagravida with a neonatal history of unilateral blindness attributable to hyperplastic primary vitreous sustained postpartum VCFs consistent with PAO. Her low bone mineral density (BMD) seemed to respond to vitamin D and calcium therapy, with no fractures after her next successful pregnancy. Investigation of subsequent fetal losses revealed homozygosity for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism associated both with fetal loss and with osteoporosis (OP). Because her neonatal unilateral blindness and OP were suggestive of loss-of-function mutation(s) in the gene that encodes LDL receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), LRP5 exon and splice site sequencing was also performed. This revealed a unique heterozygous 12-bp deletion in exon 21 (c.4454_4465del, p.1485_1488del SSSS) in the patient, her mother and sons, but not her father or brother. Her mother had a normal BMD, no history of fractures, PAO, ophthalmopathy, or fetal loss. Her two sons had no ophthalmopathy and no skeletal issues. Her osteoporotic father (with a family history of blindness) and brother had low BMDs first documented at ages ∼40 and 32 years, respectively. Serum biochemical and bone turnover studies were unremarkable in all subjects. We postulate that our patient's heterozygous LRP5 mutation together with her homozygous MTHFR polymorphism likely predisposed her to low peak BMD. However, OP did not cosegregate in her family with the LRP5 mutation, the homozygous MTHFR polymorphism, or even the combination of the two, implicating additional genetic or nongenetic factors in her PAO. Nevertheless, exploration for potential genetic contributions to PAO may explain part of the pathogenesis of this enigmatic disorder and identify some at-risk women. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Physiological Functions of Osteoblast Lineage and T Cell–Derived RANKL in Bone Homeostasis
Authors: Fumoto Toshio , Takeshita Sunao , Ito Masako , Ikeda Kyoji 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT

The cytokine RANKL is essential for osteoclast development in bone. The cellular sources of RANKL for support of osteoclast generation under various pathophysiological conditions have remained unclear, however. Here we show that inactivation of Rankl specifically in osteoblast lineage cells of mice with the use of an Osterix-Cre transgene results in typical osteopetrosis in the trabecular compartment of the tibia, with the phenotype being progressively less marked in the femur and vertebrae. In contrast to its effects on trabecular bone, RANKL deficiency in osteoblast lineage resulted in thinning of the femoral cortex in association with suppression of bone formation during the modeling process. Ablation of RANKL specifically in T cells resulted in a moderate but significant increase in tibial trabecular bone. Mice with RANKL deficiency in osteoblast lineage were protected from bone loss induced by ovariectomy as well as from joint destruction associated with arthritis, whereas loss of RANKL in T cells did not confer such protection. Finally, inducible deletion of Rankl selectively in the osteoblasts from 6 to 12 weeks of age resulted in an increase in bone mass in association with reduced bone resorption and formation. Our results thus suggest that RANKL produced by osteoblasts contributes to osteoclast development in vivo. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Tail reconnection region versus auroral activity inferred from conjugate ARTEMIS plasma sheet flow and auroral observations
Authors: Nishimura Y. , Lyons L. R. , Xing X. , Angelopoulos V. , Donovan E. F. , Mende S. B. , Bonnell J. W. , Auster U. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPlasma sheet flow bursts have been suggested to correspond to different types of auroral activity, such as poleward boundary intensifications (PBIs), ensuing auroral streamers, and substorms. The flow‐aurora association leads to the important question of identifying the magnetotail source region for the flow bursts and how this region depends on magnetic activity. The present study uses the ARTEMIS spacecraft coordinated with conjugate ground‐based auroral imager observations to identify flow bursts beyond 45 RE downtail and corresponding auroral forms. We find that quiet‐time flows are directed dominantly earthward with a one‐to‐one correspondence with PBIs. Flow bursts during the substorm recovery phase and during steady magnetospheric convection (SMC) periods are also directed earthward, and these flows are associated with a series of PBIs/streamers lasting for tens of minutes with similar durations to that of the series of earthward flows. Presubstorm onset flows are also earthward and associated with PBIs/streamers. The earthward flows during those magnetic conditions suggest that the flow bursts, which lead to PBIs and streamers, originate from further downtail of ARTEMIS, possibly from the distant‐tail neutral line (DNL) or tailward‐retreated near‐Earth neutral line (NENL) rather than from the nominal NENL location in the midtail. We find that tailward flows are limited primarily to the substorm expansion phase. They continue throughout the period of auroral poleward expansion, indicating that the expansion‐phase flows originate from the NENL and that NENL activity is closely related to the auroral expansion of the substorm expansion phase.
Suomi‐NPP CrIS radiometric calibration uncertainty
Authors: Tobin David , Revercomb Henry , Knuteson Robert , Taylor Joe , Best Fred , Borg Lori , DeSlover Dan , Martin Graeme , Buijs Henry , Esplin Mark , Glumb Ronald , Han Yong , Mooney Daniel , Predina Joe , Strow Larrabee , Suwinski Lawrence , Wang Likun 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe Cross‐track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) is the high spectral resolution spectroradiometer on the Suomi National Polar‐Orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite, providing operational observations of top‐of‐atmosphere thermal infrared radiance spectra for weather and climate applications. This paper describes the CrIS radiometric calibration uncertainty based on prelaunch and on‐orbit efforts to estimate calibration parameter uncertainties, and provides example results of recent postlaunch validation efforts to assess the predicted uncertainty. Prelaunch radiometric uncertainty (RU) estimates computed for the laboratory test environment are less than ~0.2 K 3 sigma for blackbody scene temperatures above 250 K, with primary uncertainty contributions from the calibration blackbody temperature, calibration blackbody reflected radiance terms, and detector nonlinearity. Variability of the prelaunch RU among the longwave band detectors and midwave band detectors is due to different levels of detector nonlinearity. A methodology for on‐orbit adjustment of nonlinearity correction parameters to reduce the overall contribution to RU and to reduce field of view (FOV)‐to‐FOV variability is described. The resulting on‐orbit RU estimates for Earth view spectra are less than 0.2 K 3 sigma in the midwave and shortwave bands, and less than 0.3 K 3 sigma in the longwave band. Postlaunch validation efforts to assess the radiometric calibration of CrIS are underway; validation results to date indicate that the on‐orbit RU estimates are representative. CrIS radiance products are expected to reach “Validated” status in early 2014.
Big Five Personality Traits as the Predictors of Creative Self‐Efficacy and Creative Personal Identity: Does Gender Matter?
Authors: Karwowski Maciej , Lebuda Izabela , Wisniewska Ewa , Gralewski Jacek 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the relation of the Big Five personality factors to two self‐concept variables of growing importance in creativity literature: creative self‐efficacy (CSE) and creative personal identity (CPI). The analysis, conducted on a large (N = 2674, 49.6% women) and varied‐in‐age (15–59 years old) nationwide sample of Poles, using the structural equation model, demonstrated that personality factors are responsible for 23% of CSE and 21% of CPI variances. CSE and CPI were associated with all five personality dimensions: positively with Openness to Experience, Extraversion and Conscientiousness, negatively with Neuroticism and Agreeableness. The separate analyses conducted on men and women showed the differences among the predictors of CSE and CPI. Although Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism predicted CSE among both men and women, Extraversion was positively and Agreeableness negatively related to women's CSE. Conscientiousness was positively related to CPI only among men, and Agreeableness was negatively related to it only among women. Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Openness predicted CPI in the same manner among men and women.
Association between Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in childhood and schizophrenia later in adulthood
Authors: Dalsgaard S. , Mortensen P.B. , Frydenberg M. , Maibing C.M. , Nordentoft M. , Thomsen P.H. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractPurpose:To estimate the risk of schizophrenia in adulthood among children and adolescents with ADHD compared to the background population.Subjects/materials and methods:Two hundred and eight youths with ADHD (183 boys; 25 girls) were followed prospectively. Diagnoses of schizophrenia were obtained from The Danish Psychiatric Central Register. The relative risk (RR) of schizophrenia for cases with ADHD, compared to the normal population, was calculated as risk ratios. Hazard ratios (HR's) by Cox regression were calculated in the predictor analyses.Results:Mean age for ADHD cases at follow-up was 31.1 years. Schizophrenia diagnoses were given to 3.8% of these cases. Compared to the general population, RR of schizophrenia in cases with ADHD was 4.3 (95% CI 1.9–8.57).Discussion and conclusion:This prospective follow-up study found children with ADHD to be at higher risk of later schizophrenia than controls. If replicated, these results warrant increased focus on the possible emergence symptoms of schizophrenia or schizophreniform psychosis during clinical follow-up of patients with ADHD.
Möglichkeiten zur klinischen Differenzierung von körperdysmorpher Störung und sozialer Angststörung
Authors: Grocholewski Anja , Kliem Sören , Heinrichs Nina 
Published: September 2013

Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die körperdysmorphe Störung (KDS) und die soziale Angststörung (SA) teilen einige phänomenologische Merkmale (z. B. soziale Ängste, depressive Beschwerden). Bisher ist unklar, welche spezifischen Instrumente in der klinischen Praxis geeignet sind, um die Störungen zuverlässig voneinander abgrenzen zu können. Fragestellung: Zwischen beiden Störungen erwarten wir keine Unterschiede hinsichtlich des Ausmaßes depressiver Symptome, globaler psychischer Belastung und dem Selbstwert. Personen mit einer SA sollten hingegen ein höheres Ausmaß an sozialer Angst empfinden als KDS-Patienten, aber dafür ihr äußeres Erscheinungsbild als weniger relevant erachten. Fragebögen, die soziale Angst sowie Investition in und Relevanz des Erscheinungsbildes erfassen, sollten beide Störungen voneinander abgrenzen können. Methode: Von 43 Teilnehmern (n = 23 Personen mit KDS, n = 20 Personen mit SA) wurden das Beck Depressionsinventar (BDI), das Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), die Social Phobia Scale (SPS) und Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), die Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) und das Appearance Schemas Inventory-Revised (ASI-R) ausgefüllt. Ferner wurde die für die KDS modifizierte Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (BDD-YBOCS) durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: KDS und SA unterscheiden sich nicht bedeutsam hinsichtlich depressiver Symptome, globaler psychischer Belastung, ihrem Selbstwert oder in ihrer sozialen Angst in Leistungssituationen. In Interaktionssituationen zeigen die Personen mit SA bedeutsam mehr Furcht als KDS-Patienten. Personen mit KDS messen dem Erscheinungsbild eine extrem hohe Bedeutung zu, investieren mehr in ihr Aussehen und zeigen mehr aussehensbezogene Zwangssymptome. Eine Entscheidungsbaumanalyse zeigt, dass mit der BDD-YBOCS KDS-Patienten zu 96 %, mit dem ASI-R zu 86 % in der vorliegenden Stichprobe korrekt identifiziert werden können. Die SIAS eignet sich hingegen nicht zur Differenzierung. Schlussfolgerung: Es zeigen sich Unterschiede in dem Ausmaß sozialer Ängste und aussehensrelevanter Standards. Hohe soziale Interaktionsängste können auch ein Zeichen für eine KDS darstellen und sollten in der klinischen Praxis als Indikator für ein KDS-Screening genutzt werden.
Nuclear quantum effects and hydrogen bond fluctuations in water
Authors: Ceriotti Michele , Cuny Jérôme , Parrinello Michele , Manolopoulos David E. 
Published: September 2013

Significance
There is no doubt about the importance of liquid water for climate and life on Earth. Correctly modeling the properties of this substance is still a formidable challenge, however. Here, we show, using state-of-the-art techniques that allow for quantum mechanical effects in the motion of the electrons and nuclei, that room-temperature water is not simply a molecular liquid; its protons experience wild excursions along the hydrogen bond (HB) network driven by quantum fluctuations, which result in an unexpectedly large probability of transient autoionization events. Moreover, these events are strongly correlated across neighboring bonds so that perturbations disrupting the HB network (pressure, confinement, solvated ions, and interfaces) could enhance in a concerted way their impact on water’s behavior.
Efficient nonmeiotic allele introgression in livestock using custom endonucleases
Authors: Tan Wenfang , Carlson Daniel F. , Lancto Cheryl A. , Garbe John R. , Webster Dennis A. , Hackett Perry B. , Fahrenkrug Scott C. 
Published: September 2013

Significance
Selective breeding has long been practiced to enrich for desirable DNA variation that influences livestock traits. We demonstrate that genetic variants can be directly introgressed into livestock genomes using a modified transcription activator-like effector nuclease system. The transient exposure of livestock cells to sequence-targeted editors stimulates homology-directed repair to levels that eliminate the need for transgene-dependent selection. Use of oligonucleotide template enables efficient single nucleotide changes to the genome and permits the transmission of both natural and novel DNA sequence variants into naïve livestock breeds and species. Gene editing offers a powerful method for accelerating the genetic improvement of livestock for food and also for developing swine as a resource for regenerative medicine and models of human disease.
Infectious Diseases of Fishes in the Salish Sea
Authors: Hershberger Paul , Rhodes Linda , Kurath Gael , Winton James 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACT
As in marine regions throughout other areas of the world, fishes in the Salish Sea serve as hosts for many pathogens, including nematodes, trematodes, protozoans, protists, bacteria, viruses, and crustaceans. Here, we review some of the better-documented infectious diseases that likely contribute to significant losses among free-ranging fishes in the Salish Sea and discuss the environmental and ecological factors that may affect the population-level impacts of disease. Demonstration of these diseases and their impacts to critical and endangered resources provides justification to expand pathogen surveillance efforts and to incorporate disease forecasting and mitigation tools into ecosystem restoration efforts.
RESUMEN
Tal como sucede en las regiones marinas de otras partes del mundo, los peces del mar de Salish hospedan cantidad de patógenos, incluyendo nematodos, tremátodos, protozoarios, protistas, bacterias, virus y crustáceos. En este trabajo se hace una revisión de algunas de las enfermedades infecciosas mejor documentadas que muy posiblemente contribuyen a la pérdida significativa de peces en el mar de Salish y se discuten los factores ambientales y ecológicos que pueden influenciar los impactos de la enfermedad a nivel poblacional. La demostración de estas enfermedades y sus consecuencias en recursos críticos y amenazados, justifica expandir la vigilancia sobre patógenos e incorporar un pronóstico de enfermedades y herramientas de mitigación en los esfuerzos de restauración de ecosistemas.