bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal change alters the outcome of behavioural interactions between antagonistic partners
Authors: LE LANN CECILE , LODI MONICA , ELLERS JACINTHA 
Published: July 2014

1. Concerns about climate change often trigger the question whether physiological and behavioural responses of species will enable them to persist. However, species do not exist alone and are largely dependent on interactions with others within communities.2. In the present study, a mechanistic approach is used to test the hypothesis that inter‐specific differences in metabolic response to unpredictable short‐term thermal changes can change the outcome of host–parasitoid behavioural interactions.3. The effect of a drop or a rise of 5 °C on resting metabolic rates (RMR) of the main aphid pest of cereal crops in Western Europe, the host Sitobion avenae Fabricius and its main natural enemy, the parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani‐Perez was measured. Also, defence and attack behaviours were measured for host and parasitoid separately as well as in interaction, since behavioural strategies of both species largely determine parasitism success.4. The results showed that, when no change in temperature occurred, parasitoids had the highest oviposition rate. However, only with a rise of temperature behavioural interactions were disrupted: the parasitoid attack rate decreased whereas the aphid defence rate increased. This alteration in behaviour was associated with a stronger thermal response of RMR in hosts than in parasitoids, suggesting that species‐specific thermal responses of RMR could give valuable information on changes in the outcome of species interactions under warm spells but not under cold ones.5. It was shown that relatively modest thermal changes with non‐lethal effects can have profound consequences for interacting co‐evolved species which may affect ecosystem services, such as biological control of pest populations.
Contrasting patterns of genetic and phenotypic differentiation in two invasive salmonids in the southern hemisphere
Authors: Monzón‐Argüello Catalina , Consuegra Sofia , Gajardo Gonzalo , Marco‐Rius Francisco , Fowler Daniel M. , DeFaveri Jacquelin , Garcia de Leaniz Carlos 
Published: July 2014

AbstractInvasion success may be expected to increase with residence time (i.e., time since first introduction) and secondary releases (i.e., those that follow the original introduction), but this has rarely been tested in natural fish populations. We compared genetic and phenotypic divergence in rainbow trout and brown trout in Chile and the Falkland Islands to test the prediction that adaptive divergence, measured as PST/FST, would increase with residence time and secondary releases. We also explored whether interspecific competition between invaders could drive phenotypic divergence. Residence time had no significant effect on genetic diversity, phenotypic divergence, effective population size, or signatures of expansion of invasive trout. In contrast, secondary releases had a major effect on trout invasions, and rainbow trout populations mostly affected by aquaculture escapees showed significant divergence from less affected populations. Coexistence with brown trout had a positive effect on phenotypic divergence of rainbow trout. Our results highlight an important role of secondary releases in shaping fish invasions, but do not support the contention that older invaders are more differentiated than younger ones. They also suggest that exotic trout may not have yet developed local adaptations in these recently invaded habitats, at least with respect to growth‐related traits.
Topical acidic cream prevents the development of atopic dermatitis‐ and asthma‐like lesions in murine model
Authors: Lee Hae‐Jin , Yoon Na Young , Lee Noo Ri , Jung Minyoung , Kim Dong Hye , Choi Eung Ho 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLong‐standing or repeated skin barrier damage followed by atopic dermatitis (AD) is the initial step of the atopic march that eventually progresses to respiratory allergies. Maintenance of an acidic pH in the stratum corneum (SC) is an important factor for normal skin barrier function. We performed this study to determine whether an oxazolone (Ox)‐induced AD murine model can develop airway inflammation by topical application and nasal inhalation of a house dust mite, Dermatofagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), which is a novel ‘atopic march animal model’, and whether an acidic SC environment, made by repeated application of acidic cream, can interrupt this atopic march. During repeated treatment with Ox and Dp to make an atopic march murine model, acidic cream (pH 2.8) and neutral cream (pH 7.4) adjusted by citric acid and sodium hydroxide mixed with vehicle were applied twice daily. Repeated treatment with Ox and Dp to hairless mice induced AD‐like skin lesions followed by respiratory allergy, defining it as an atopic march model. Acidic cream inhibited the occurrence of respiratory allergic inflammation as well as AD‐like skin lesions. These results indicate that a novel atopic march animal model can be developed by repeated topical and nasal treatments with house dust mite on Ox‐induced AD mice and that the acidification of SC could be a novel intervention method to block the atopic march.
Resource Curse and Regional Development: Does Dutch Disease Apply to Local Economies? Evidence from Canada
Authors: Dubé Jean , Polèse Mario 
Published: July 2014

AbstractLooking at 135 Canadian urban areas over a 35‐year period (1971–2006), the paper examines the relationship between initial specialisation (using employment) in resource industries and various growth indicators via a mix of descriptive statistics and econometric modelling. The paper differentiates between two resources sectors: resource extraction (mining, logging, etc.); primary resource transformation (paper mills, foundries, smelters, etc.). The evidence for a “resource curse” is mixed. Resource transformation industries are found to be associated with slower population growth, also depressing growth in college‐educated cohorts. However, no such relationship is found for resource extraction. We find no evidence for a durable Dutch Disease wage effect. Wages fluctuate in response to resource demand as do working‐age populations. Many relationships hold only for the short run. In the end, we argue, the impact of resource specialisation depends on the particular resource and type of industry it spawns, as well as location. There is no generalisable resource curse, valid for all resources and all places.
Epic Learning in an Indian Pueblo: A Framework for Studying Multigenerational Learning in the History of Education
Authors: Lawrence Adrea 
Published: July 2014

Writing from her position as the Office of Indian Affairs (OIA) Superintendent at the Potrero School on the Morongo (Malki) reservation in southern California in 1909, Clara D. True concluded an article on her experiences as an Anglo teacher working with American Indian populations in the United States:The more one knows of the Indian as he really is, not as he appears to the tourist, the teacher, or the preacher, the more one wonders. The remnant of knowledge that the Red Brother has is an inheritance from a people of higher thought than we have usually based our speculation upon. It is to be regretted that in dealing with the Indian we have not regarded him worthwhile until it is too late to enrich our literature and traditions with the contribution he could so easily have made. We have regarded him as a thing to be robbed and converted rather than as a being with intellect, sensibilities, and will, all highly developed, the development being one on different lines from our own as only necessity dictated. The continent was his college. The slothful student was expelled from it by President Nature. Physically, mentally, and morally, the North American Indian before the degradation at our hands was a man whom his descendants need not despise.
Deformation of HyFlex CM instruments and their shape recovery following heat sterilization
Authors: Alfoqom Alazemi M. , Bryant S. T. , Dummer P. M. H. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimTo assess the deformation of HyFlex CM instruments (Coltene Whaledent) when used in two instrumentation sequences and to assess their shape recovery after heat sterilization.MethodologySimulated root canals with four different shapes were prepared with HyFlex CM instruments using a single‐length technique (n = 40) or a crown down technique (n = 40). Pre‐preparation, post‐preparation and post‐sterilization standardized images of each instrument were recorded. Assessment of instrument deformation and their subsequent shape recovery was carried out visually and by comparing the digitised images. Data analysis was carried out using chi‐square tests.ResultsNone of the 400 instruments fractured. Visual assessment of instruments post‐preparation revealed that 30.5% had unwound and 0.5% had reverse winding. Following sterilization 8.5% remained unwound and 0.5% remained with reverse winding. When assessing instrument shape using digital images, 35.25% were unwound post‐preparation, which reduced to 11% post‐sterilization. Nine size 25, 0.08 instruments deformed, but none fully regained their original shape after sterilization; however, other sizes of deformed instruments did regain their shape (P < 0.001).ConclusionApproximately one third of instruments became deformed as a result of use. However, two thirds of these fully recovered their shape following sterilization. The number of deformed instruments was underestimated when no magnification was used for assessment. Instrument size was related to incidence of deformation and shape recovery.
The macrophage activation marker sCD163 is associated with changes in NAFLD and metabolic profile during lifestyle intervention in obese children
Authors: Kazankov K. , Møller H. J. , Lange A. , Birkebæk N. H. , Holland‐Fischer P. , Solvig J. , Hørlyck A. , Kristensen K. , Rittig S. , Handberg A. , Vilstrup H. , Grønbæk H. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryBackgroundObesity is associated with metabolic derangement and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Macrophages are involved in liver inflammation and fibrosis, and soluble (s)CD163 is a macrophage activation marker.ObjectivesTo associate sCD163 with parameters of paediatric obesity and NAFLD, as well as changes in these parameters during lifestyle intervention.MethodsWe studied 117 obese children during a 10‐week lifestyle intervention; 71 completed the 12‐month follow‐up. We recorded clinical and biochemical data, and performed liver ultrasonography.ResultsBaseline sCD163 was higher in children with elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) (2.3 ± 0.7 vs. 2.0 ± 0.6 mg L−1, P = 0.03), steatosis (2.3 ± 0.7 vs. 2.0 ± 0.6 mg L−1, P = 0.01) and high paediatric NAFLD fibrosis index (2.3 ± 0.7 vs. 1.9 ± 0.6 mg L−1, P = 0.03). Baseline sCD163 was independently associated with ALT, cholesterol and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP). The change in sCD163 during lifestyle intervention was associated with changes in ALT, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), hs‐CRP and cholesterol, and inversely associated with the change in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.ConclusionsCD163 was associated with markers of liver injury and metabolic parameters in obese children, and changes in these parameters during lifestyle intervention. This may suggest that activated macrophages play a role in NAFLD and sCD163 may serve as a marker of liver disease severity and treatment effect.
Chimeric antibodies with extended half‐life in ferrets
Authors: Nesspor Thomas C. , Scallon Bernard 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundFerrets have long been used as a disease model for the study of influenza vaccines, but a more recent use has been for the study of human monoclonal antibodies directed against influenza viruses. Published data suggest that human antibodies are cleared unusually quickly from the ferret and that immune responses may be partially responsible. This immunogenicity increases variability within groups and may present an obstacle to long‐term studies.ObjectiveOur aim was to identify an antibody design with reduced immunogenicity and longer circulating half‐life in ferrets.MethodsThe constant region coding sequences for ferret immunoglobulin G were cloned, and chimeric human/ferret antibodies were expressed and purified. Some of the chimeric antibodies included substitutions that have been shown to extend the half‐life of human IgG antibodies. These chimeric antibodies were tested for binding to recombinant ferret FcRn receptor and then evaluated in pharmacokinetic studies in ferrets.ResultsA one‐residue substitution in the ferret Fc domain, S252Y, was identified that increased binding affinity to the ferret neonatal receptor by 24‐fold and extended half‐life from 65 ± 27 to 206 ± 28 hours or ~9 days. Ferrets dosed twice with this surrogate antibody showed no indications of an immune response.ConclusionExpressing the variable region of a candidate human therapeutic antibody with ferret constant regions containing the S252Y substitution can offer long half‐life and limit immunogenicity.
Evaluation of Thoracic Limb Loads, Elbow Movement, and Morphology in Dogs Before and After Arthroscopic Management of Unilateral Medial Coronoid Process Disease
Authors: Galindo‐Zamora Vladimir , Dziallas Peter , Wolf Davina C. , Kramer Sabine , Abdelhadi Jalal , Lucas Karin , Nolte Ingo , Wefstaedt Patrick 
Published: July 2014

ObjectiveTo (1) evaluate thoracic limb loads and symmetry, and elbow function and morphology, before and after arthroscopic treatment of unilateral medial coronoid process disease (MCPD), and (2) determine if functional variables correlate with morphologic findings.Study DesignProspective case series.AnimalsDogs (n = 14) with thoracic limb lameness.MethodsDogs were included when unilateral MCPD was confirmed as the cause of lameness. Kinetic analysis of both thoracic limbs, along with kinematic analysis and goniometry of both elbows were carried out before, and 60, 120, and 180 days after partial coronoidectomy by arthroscopy. Radiography and computed tomography of both elbows were performed before and 180 days after arthroscopy.ResultsA nonsignificant (P = .11) increase in the peak vertical loads (PFz), and a significant (P = .022) increase in the vertical impulse (iFz) applied by the affected limb were seen. Symmetry indices improved, with significant differences between sessions (PFz:P = .019; iFz:P = .003). Kinematic variables showed no significant differences, between sessions or when comparing both elbows within sessions. Goniometry revealed no significant differences between sessions, but some significant differences were identified when comparing both elbows within sessions. Osteophytosis and degree of lameness showed no correlation, before (rs = −0.077;P = .79) or after arthroscopy (rs = 0.27;P = .35).ConclusionsKinetic variables improved after arthroscopy, without full restoration of function. Kinematic variables did not change significantly. Osteoarthritis and goniometric measurements in the affected joint worsened. Functional variables did not correlate with morphologic findings.
A novel CYLD germline mutation in Brooke‐Spiegler syndrome
Authors: Guardoli D. , Argenziano G. , Ponti G. , Nasti S. , Zalaudek I. , Moscarella E. , Lallas A. , Piana S. , Specchio F. , Martinuzzi C. , Raucci M. , Pellacani G. , Longo C. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundBrooke‐Spiegler syndrome (BSS) is a rare, inherited, autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of multiple adnexal neoplasms including spiradenomas, cylindromas, trichoepitheliomas and major and minor salivary glands neoplasms. This syndrome encompasses a wide variability of clinical phenotypes depending on the variable number of tumours present in the given patient.ObjectiveSomatic mutations in adjunct to CYLD germline mutations may play a central role in the development of the tumour phenotype and in the genotype‐phenotype correlations.MethodsBlood sample and paraffin embedded tissue biopsied from three cylindromas, one trichoepithelioma and one spiradenomas were collected after obtaining informed consent from our patient and genomic DNA was isolated.ResultsWe found out a novel germline mutation in the CYLD gene in exon 15 that resulted in the deletion of one nucleotide. This gives rise to a premature translational termination codon at amino acid position 693 prior to four Cys‐X‐X‐Cys pairs and one of the two catalytic domains of ubiquitin carboxy‐terminal hydrolases. In only one cylindroma we detected the same germline mutation (c.2070delT/p.F690FfsX3) in addition to two somatic events (I645V and R936X). The presence of this unique mutation could be linked to the peculiar phenotype of our patient who presented an attenuated form of BSS, an autosomal dominant inheritance with low penetrance and no additional visceral tumours.ConclusionsThe overall phenotype of our patient may support the hypothesis that somatic mutations in adjunct to CYLD germline mutations may play a central role in the development of the tumour phenotype and in the genotype‐phenotype correlations.
Treatment of facial erythema in patients with rosacea with topical brimonidine tartrate: correlation of patient satisfaction with standard clinical endpoints of improvement of facial erythema
Authors: Fowler J. , Tan J. , Jackson J.M. , Meadows K. , Jones T. , Jarratt M. , Leoni M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundOnce‐daily brimonidine tartrate (BT) 0.5% gel was shown to provide significantly greater efficacy vs. vehicle for the treatment of facial erythema in patients with rosacea.ObjectivesTo demonstrate that patient satisfaction with overall appearance is correlated with reduction in facial erythema, as measured by clinician and patient assessments.MethodsData from two identical phase III, multicentre, randomized, controlled trials of moderate facial erythema of rosacea (study A: n = 260; study B: n = 293) with topical BT 0.5% compared to vehicle gel once‐daily for 4 weeks were analysed. Correlations of Patient's Assessment of Appearance (PAA) with Clinician's Erythema Assessment (CEA) and Patient's Self‐Assessment (PSA) of erythema were evaluated by calculation of gamma statistics.ResultsPAA correlated with CEA post‐application on Days 1, 15 and 29 for the intent‐to‐treat population and provided a median gamma value of 0.57 (min = 0.28, max = 0.61). PAA and PSA was also highly correlated post‐application on Days 1, 15 and 29; with a median gamma value of 0.87 (min = 0.66, max = 0.89). Subjects who achieved a clinically meaningful improvement in both CEA and PSA scales were more likely to report satisfaction with the overall appearance of their skin (P < 0.001).ConclusionsBoth one‐ and two‐grade improvements in facial erythema assessed by subjects (PSA) and clinicians (CEA) correlate well with PAA, a patient‐centered representation of meaningful change.
Psoriasis and sport: a new ally?
Authors: Balato N. , Megna M. , Palmisano F. , Patruno C. , Napolitano M. , Scalvenzi M. , Ayala F. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundPsoriasis is a common chronic multifactorial disease which can result in restrictions to social and recreational activities. Psoriasis subjects are at high risk to develop metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Physical activity, a vital component in prevention and management of these diseases, is reported to be potentially associated in a negative way with psoriasis.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between psoriasis and physical activity.Materials and methodsAnamnestic and physical examination as well as a specific doctor‐administered questionnaire was performed to a group of 416 consecutive sportive subjects and 489 sex and age‐matched controls. Moreover, similar investigations were executed on 400 consecutive psoriatic patients without psoriatic arthritis.ResultsPsoriasis was significantly more common in controls respect to sportive group (n = 27, 5.4% vs. n = 7, 1.7%, P < 0.01) whereas a positive familial history of psoriasis was observed in similar percentages in both groups (n = 51, 10.2% vs. n = 40, 9.6%). The number of subjects performing sports activities was significantly lower in psoriasis group compared to controls (n = 44, 11% vs. n = 106, 21.3%; P < 0.001). Of these psoriatic patients, 35/44 referred that sporting activities showed a positive influence on the natural course of their disease, whereas the remaining 11 patients did not highlight positive or negative influences on their illness. Interestingly, 23.75% of psoriatic patients (n = 95) related that they had regularly carried out sporting activities before the onset of the dermatosis referring that psoriasis represented a huge obstacle to continue practicing physical activities.ConclusionOur survey showed that regular physical activity may lower the risk of psoriasis and have a beneficial effect on the natural course of the disease, positively influencing not only the severity as well as the incidence of metabolic comorbidities, but also, through possible epigenomic, metabolic, anti‐inflammatory and psycho‐emotional effects, the onset of the dermatosis. However, larger birth cohort studies are needed to confirm these results.
SRAP as an Informative Molecular Marker to Study the Fusarium poae Genetic Variability
Authors: Dinolfo María I. , Castañares Eliana , Stenglein Sebastián A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFusarium poae is one of the Fusarium species isolated from grains associated with Fusarium head blight (FHB), whose occurrence has increased in the last years. In this study, a total of 105 F. poae isolates from Argentina, Belgium, Canada, England, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Luxembourg, Poland, Switzerland and Uruguay were evaluated using sequence‐related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) to analyse the capacity of this molecular marker to evaluate the F. poae genetic variability. The molecular analysis showed high intraspecific variability within F. poae isolates, and a partial relationship was revealed between variability and the host/geographic origin. Analysis of molecular variance (amova) indicated a high genetic variability in the F. poae collection, with most of the genetic variability resulting from differences within, rather than between American and European populations. The analysis of sequenced SRAP fragments targets into hypothetical proteins from different Fusarium species showing that the SRAP technique not only allows studying F. poae genetic variability, but also targets coding regions into the F. poae genome. To our knowledge, this is the first report on genetic variability of F. poae using SRAP technique and also demonstrates the efficacy of this molecular marker to amplify open reading frames in fungus.