bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Report of Sclerotinia Blight of Peanut Caused by Sclerotinia minor in Arkansas
Authors: Faske T. R. , Emerson M. , Hurd K. 
Published: March 2014

In September, 2013, symptoms similar to Sclerotinia blight caused by Sclerotinia minor were observed on Runner peanut (cv. FloRun 107) in a commercial field near Pocahontas, Arkansas, in Randolph County (2). Blighted plants with wilted leaves were observed in several small (30 × 30 cm) clustered foci located near the end of a 20-ha, furrow-irrigated field. Peanut stems within the lower canopy of symptomatic plants had straw-colored lesions, with white fluffy mycelium and small (<2.0 mm diam.), black, irregularly shaped sclerotia. Stems on plants with severe symptoms were shredded in appearance, with small black sclerotia inside the stem tissue (2). Final disease incidence near harvest in mid-October was less than 1% of the field. Sclerotinia blight symptoms were also observed in 2013 on Runner (cvs. FloRun 107, Georgia 09B, and Florida 07) and Spanish peanut (cvs. OLin and OL06) research plots near Newport, AR, in Jackson County. Disease incidence among cultivars in these research plots was <1% for all cultivars except FloRun 107, which had a disease incidence of 2.6% for a 849.8 m2 plot. Isolations from surface-disinfected leaves on potato dextrose agar (PDA) consistently yielded white, fluffy mycelia with small (0.5 to 2.0 mm diam.), black, irregularly shaped sclerotia typical of S. minor (2). Six-week-old peanut plants (cv. FloRun 107) growing in pots were used to test pathogenicity. Each plant was inoculated by placing an agar plug (5 mm diam.), collected from the edge of an actively growing S. minor culture, on the main peanut stem. Plants (n = 5) were incubated for 8 days in a humidity chamber where temperatures ranged from 24 to 30°C and relative humidity remained >95%. Characteristic symptoms of Sclerotia blight were observed on all inoculated peanut plants whereas none of the plants (n = 3) inoculated with sterile PDA agar plugs expressed symptoms. Pathogenicity tests were repeated on peanut cvs. Flavor Runner 458 and Georgia 09B with similar results. S. minor was consistently isolated from symptomatic tissue on PDA, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. minor on peanut or any host in Arkansas or the Mid-South region. The two peanut fields with Sclerotinia blight had a history of soybean production, and S. minor may have gone undetected on soybean or one of many host weed species (1). Since S. minor is a major economic pathogen of peanut, commonly causing yield losses of 10% (2), it will likely be a significant factor in Arkansas and Mid-South peanut production. References: (1) M. S. Melzer et al. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 19:272, 1997. (2) D. M. Porter and H. A. Melouk. Sclerotinia blight. Page 34 in: Compendium of Peanut Diseases, 2nd ed. N. Kokalis-Burelle et al., eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1997.
European registry for quality improvement in cataract surgery
Authors: Lundström Mats , Barry Peter , Brocato Lucia , Fitzpatrick Carol , Henry Ype , Rosen Paul , Stenevi Ulf 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– A project aimed at creating a multi-national database for cataract and refractive surgery was initiated in 2008. The database was intended for learning and clinical improvement, not supervision. The project was co-funded by the European Union, under the Executive Agency for Health and Consumers and the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS) and supported by 11 national societies for cataract and refractive surgery. The purpose of this article is to describe the setup of the database and the ensuing achievements within cataract surgery after four years.

Design/methodology/approach
– A web-based system was created for input and output of data, with a software interface to two databases, one for cataract surgery and one for refractive surgery. Data can be put in either manually through web forms or by transfer of data from existing national registries or large electronic medical record systems. Output of reports from the system or export of one's own data is available on the web. The data are anonymous to all users, with the sole exception that reporting surgeons and clinics have access to their own data. The system does not include any patient identification.

Findings
– After four years, data from 16 countries have been entered into the system, including reports of more than 900,000 cataract extractions. The database has been used by individual clinics for benchmarking and clinical improvement work, and has also served as the basis for new clinical guidelines for cataract surgery. The ESCRS has guaranteed the sustainability of the database after the project period.

Originality/value
– A European quality registry with data input from surgeons and clinics in 16 European countries has been established. Close to one million surgeries have been entered into the system during the first four years. Evidence-based guidelines have been published based on data in the registry. The system is used for benchmarking by both experienced surgeons and trainees.
The Pransky interview: Dr Mark W. Tilden, Robotics Physicist
Authors: Pransky Joanne 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The following article is a “Q&A interview” conducted by Joanne Pransky of Industrial Robot Journal as a method to impart the combined technological, business, and personal experience of a prominent, robotic industry engineer-turned entrepreneur regarding the evolution, commercialization, and challenges of bringing a technological invention to market. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The interviewee is Dr Mark W. Tilden, a Robotics Physicist and the inventor of BEAM Robotics. Having built his first 100 bots by the age of nine, Tilden goes on to study at the University of Waterloo and later works at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. There he develops a variety of biomorphic robots including interplanetary explorers and solar-powered bots. During this time, Tilden founds the first BEAM International Olympics. Solarbotics is also formed to disseminate BEAM technologies. At the turn of the millennium, after being approached by toy manufacturer WowWee, Tilden applies his BEAM technology to the consumer toy industry.

Findings
– From Robobiologist to Chaos Engineer to Toy Consultant to Robotics Physicist, Tilden describes the several decade evolution of his Biomech technologies.

Originality/value
– The Father of BEAM Robotics, who initially designs single, minimalist biomorphic robots for the space and military industries, transforms his research into the first commercially available affordable humanoid companion for the personal and entertainment robotics industries, culminating in a total of nearly 25 million robots sold worldwide. This experimental physicist continues his pioneering Biomech efforts with hybridization collaborations on life-sized humanoid robots for the home and office.
Underwater localization and mapping: observability analysis and experimental results
Authors: Bayat Mohammadreza , Pedro Aguiar A. 
Published: March 2014

Purpose
– The authors aim to investigate the observability properties of the process of simultaneous localization and mapping of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), a challenging and important problem in marine robotics, and illustrate the derived results through computer simulations and experimental results with a real AUV.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors address the single/multiple beacon observability analysis of the process of simultaneous localization and mapping of an AUV by deriving the nonlinear mathematical model that describes the process; then applying a suitable coordinate transformation, and subsequently a time-scaling transformation to obtain a linear time varying (LTV) system. The AUV considered is equipped with a set of inertial sensors, a depth sensor, and an acoustic ranging device that provides relative range measurements to a set of stationary beacons. The location of the beacons does not need to be necessarily known and in that case, the authors are also interested to localize them. Numerical tests and experimental results illustrate the derived theoretical results.

Findings
– The authors show that if either the position of one of the beacons or the initial position of the AUV is known, then the system is at least locally weakly observable, in the sense that the set of indistinguishable states from a given initial configuration contains a finite set of isolated points. The simulations and experiments results illustrate the findings.

Originality/value
– In the single and multiple beacon case and for manoeuvres with constant linear and angular velocities both expressed in the body-frame, known as trimming or steady-state trajectories, the authors derive conditions under which it is possible to infer the state of the resulting system (and in particular the position of the AUV). The authors also describe the implementation of an advanced continuous time constrained minimum energy observer combined with multiple model techniques. Numerical tests and experimental results illustrate the derived theoretical results.
Artificial water points facilitate the spread of an invasive vertebrate in arid Australia
Authors: Letnic Mike , Webb Jonathan K. , Jessop Tim S. , Florance Daniel , Dempster Tim 
Published: March 2014

Summary

The spread of invasive species after their initial introduction is often facilitated by human actions. In some cases, invaders only become established in habitats where dominant native species have been displaced as a result of human actions or where humans inadvertently provide essential resources such as food, water or shelter.

We investigated if dams that provide water for livestock have facilitated the cane toad's (Rhinella marina) invasion of a hot semi‐arid landscape by providing toads with a resource subsidy and hence refuge from extreme heat and aridity. To determine the relationship between the presence of surface water and habitat occupancy by toads, we surveyed natural and artificial water features for cane toads during the annual dry season. We used radiotracking and acoustic tags to determine whether movement patterns and shelter use of cane toads were focussed around dams. To determine whether dams provide toads with refuge from extreme heat and aridity, we deployed plaster models with internal thermometers to estimate ambient temperatures and toad desiccation rates in shelter sites. To determine whether dams alleviate the stress experienced by toads, we measured plasma corticosterone levels of toads that sheltered in and away from dams.

Toads were present in sites with standing water and absent from waterless sites. Most radiotracked toads sheltered within 1 m of water. Toad movements were focussed around water. Toads tracked with passive acoustic telemetry over a 6‐month dry season were highly resident at dams.

Plaster models placed in toad shelter sites away from the water lost 27% more mass and experienced higher temperatures than models placed near the water's edge. Toads that sheltered in terrestrial shelters exhibited higher plasma corticosterone levels compared to toads that sheltered near dams.

Dams provide toads with refuge habitats where they are less at risk from overheating and dehydration.

Synthesis and applications. Artificial water points can facilitate biological invasions in arid regions by providing a resource subsidy for water‐dependent invasive species. Our study suggests that there is scope to control populations of water‐dependent invasive vertebrates in arid regions by restricting their access to artificial water points.
Perceived liveliness and speech comprehensibility in aphasia: the effects of direct speech in auditory narratives
Authors: Groenewold Rimke , Bastiaanse Roelien , Nickels Lyndsey , Huiskes Mike 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have shown that in semi‐spontaneous speech, individuals with Broca's and anomic aphasia produce relatively many direct speech constructions. It has been claimed that in ‘healthy’ communication direct speech constructions contribute to the liveliness, and indirectly to the comprehensibility, of speech.AimsTo examine the effects of the occurrence of direct speech constructions on the perceived liveliness and speech comprehensibility of narratives produced by individuals with and without aphasia.Methods & ProceduresThirty‐seven naive listeners rated 30 speech fragments with and without direct speech from ten speakers with and ten speakers without aphasia. The fragments originated from semi‐structured interviews. The raters scored the perceived liveliness and the perceived comprehensibility of these fragments.Outcomes & ResultsFor both groups of speakers, fragments containing direct speech constructions received higher scores for liveliness than fragments without direct speech constructions. However, no effect of direct speech was found on perceived comprehensibility.Conclusions & ImplicationsThis is the first research to demonstrate that communication is perceived as more lively when it contains direct speech than when it does not, but yet is not more comprehensible. Individuals with Broca's and anomic aphasia are known to produce regularly direct speech constructions in elicited narratives. Given that liveliness is known to increase listeners’ involvement and to help listeners stay focused, we suggest that this relative increase in direct speech by aphasic speakers may reflect a strategy to increase not only the liveliness of their discourse, but also listener focus and involvement.
Do aphids actively search for ant partners?
Authors: Fischer Christophe Y. , Vanderplanck Maryse , Lognay Georges C. , Detrain Claire , Verheggen François J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe aphid–ant mutualistic relationships are not necessarily obligate for neither partners but evidence is that such interactions provide them strong advantages in terms of global fitness. While it is largely assumed that ants actively search for their mutualistic partners namely using volatile cues; whether winged aphids (i.e., aphids’ most mobile form) are able to select ant‐frequented areas had not been investigated so far. Ant‐frequented sites would indeed offer several advantages for these aphids including a lower predation pressure through ant presence and enhanced chances of establishing mutuaslistic interactions with neighbor ant colonies. In the field, aphid colonies are often observed in higher densities around ant nests, which is probably linked to a better survival ensured by ants’ services. Nevertheless, this could also result from a preferential establishment of winged aphids in ant‐frequented areas. We tested this last hypothesis through different ethological assays and show that the facultative myrmecophilous black bean aphid, Aphis fabae L., does not orientate its search for a host plant preferentially toward ant‐frequented plants. However, our results suggest that ants reduce the number of winged aphids leaving the newly colonized plant. Thus, ants involved in facultative myrmecophilous interactions with aphids appear to contribute to structure aphid populations in the field by ensuring a better establishment and survival of newly established colonies rather than by inducing a deliberate plant selection by aphid partners based on the proximity of ant colonies.
Treatment outcomes for patients with chloroma receiving radiation therapy
Authors: Hall Matthew D. , Chen Yi‐Jen , Schultheiss Timothy E. , Pezner Richard D. , Stein Anthony S. , Wong Jeffrey Y. C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntroductionThis study aims to analyse treatment outcomes, disease control and toxicity in patients with chloromas referred for radiation therapy (RT).MethodsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed for 41 patients with chloromas treated with RT at our institution.ResultsTwenty‐five patients were treated with palliative intent, whereas sixteen received RT as a component of curative intent therapy in addition to systemic chemotherapy with or without haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). All patients received RT for chloroma (median dose 24 Gy). Median survival was 5.4 months after RT (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.5–12.6 months), and no significant difference in overall survival was identified based on prior treatment with systemic chemotherapy alone or HSCT. Patients treated with curative intent had a median survival of 26.2 months (95% CI 6.1–48.9 months) and a Kaplan–Meier estimate of 15% overall survival at 5 years. At the end of the study follow‐up period, 38 patients were dead and three patients treated with curative intent remained alive. After palliative RT, 44% of patients experienced partial relief and 48% experienced complete symptomatic improvement without significant acute toxicities.ConclusionsRT provides timely symptom palliation for patients with chloromas with minimal morbidity, but the prognosis remains poor. Long‐term remission can be achieved in selected patients with salvage chemotherapy and HSCT.
Performance comparison of genetic markers for high‐throughput sequencing‐based biodiversity assessment in complex communities
Authors: Zhan Aibin , Bailey Sarah A. , Heath Daniel D. , Macisaac Hugh J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMetabarcode surveys of DNA extracted from environmental samples are increasingly popular for biodiversity assessment in natural communities. Such surveys rely heavily on robust genetic markers. Therefore, analysis of PCR efficiency and subsequent biodiversity estimation for different types of genetic markers and their corresponding primers is important. Here, we test the PCR efficiency and biodiversity recovery potential of three commonly used genetic markers – nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA (18S), mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (mt16S) – using 454 pyrosequencing of a zooplankton community collected from Hamilton Harbour, Ontario. We found that biodiversity detection power and PCR efficiency varied widely among these markers. All tested primers for COI failed to provide high‐quality PCR products for pyrosequencing, but newly designed primers for 18S and 16S passed all tests. Furthermore, multiple analyses based on large‐scale pyrosequencing (i.e. 1/2 PicoTiter plate for each marker) showed that primers for 18S recover more (38 orders) groups than 16S (10 orders) across all taxa, and four vs. two orders and nine vs. six families for Crustacea. Our results showed that 18S, using newly designed primers, is an efficient and powerful tool for profiling biodiversity in largely unexplored communities, especially when amplification difficulties exist for mitochondrial markers such as COI. Universal primers for higher resolution markers such as COI are still needed to address the possible low resolution of 18S for species‐level identification.
Betel‐quid dependence domains and syndrome associated with betel‐quid ingredients among chewers: anAsian multi‐country evidence
Authors: Lee Chien‐Hung , Chiang Shang‐Lun , Ko Albert Min‐Shan , Hua Chun‐Hung , Tsai Ming‐Hsui , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Ibrahim Salah Osman , Sunarjo  , Zain Rosnah Binti , Ling Tian‐You , Huang Chieh‐Liang , Lane Hsien‐Yuan , Lin Cheng‐Chieh , Ko Ying‐Chin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimsBetel‐quid (BQ) contains biologically psychoactive ingredients; however, data are limited concerning the symptoms and syndrome ofBQdependence among chewers. The aims of this study were to evaluate the ingredients‐associatedBQdependence syndrome and country‐specific chewing features and behaviour forBQdependence among chewers from sixAsian communities.DesignAn intercountryAsianBetel‐quidConsortium study.SettingSixAsian general communities inTaiwan, MainlandChina,Indonesia,Malaysia,SriLanka andNepal.ParticipantsSix multi‐stage random samples ofBQchewers in theAsianBetel‐quidConsortium study (n = 2078).MeasurementsAll chewers were evaluated forBQdependence using theDSM‐IVandICD‐10 criteria.FindingsThe 12‐monthBQdependence rate was 12.5–92.6% and 47.9–99.3% (P = 0.023) among tobacco‐free and tobacco‐addedBQchewers across the sixAsian communities, with a higher dependence rate in chewers who used tobacco‐freeBQwith lime added than without (23.3–95.6% versus 4.0%,P ≤ 0.001).Taiwanese andHunaneseBQchewers both notably endorsed the dependency domain of ‘time spent chewing’. ‘Tolerance’ and ‘withdrawal’ were the major dependence domains associated with theNepalese and Indonesian chewers, with highBQdependence rates.Malaysian andSriLankan chewers formed aBQdependence cluster linked closely to ‘craving’. InSriLanka, the quantity consumed explained 90.5% (P < 0.001) of the excess dependence risk for tobacco‐added use, and could be a mediator between tobacco‐derived psychoactive effect andBQdependence development.ConclusionsDSM‐IVcriteria for dependence apply to a significant proportion of betel quid users inAsian communities, more so if they use it with tobacco or lime.
Relationship between supernormal sectors of retinal nerve fibre layer and axial length in normal eyes
Authors: Yamashita Takehiro , Kii Yuya , Tanaka Minoru , Yoshinaga Wakako , Yamashita Toshifumi , Nakao Kumiko , Sakamoto Taiji 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPurposeTo determine the effect of the axial length on the supernormal and false‐positive sectors of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) in healthy eyes using the normative database embedded in a spectral domain optical coherence tomographic (SD‐OCT) instrument.MethodsThis was a prospective, observational cross ‐sectional study. The right eyes of 126 healthy young volunteers were studied. The RNFL thickness was measured by SD‐OCT in twelve 30‐degree sectors (clock hours) around the optic disc. The sectors whose RNFL thickness was <5% probability level were labelled as false‐positive sectors. The sectors >95% probability level were labelled as supernormal sectors. The relationships between the axial length and rates of supernormal and false‐positive sectors were investigated.ResultsA longer axial length was significantly associated with an increase in the rates of supernormal thickness in sector 8 (odds ratio, [OR], 1.494; p = 0.010) and sector 10 (OR, 1.529; p = 0.008). The supernormal sectors were mainly located in the temporal region. A longer axial length was significantly associated with a higher rates of false positives in sector 5 (OR, 1.789; p = 0.017), sector 6 (OR, 2.305; p < 0.001) and sector 12 (OR, 2.277; p = 0.035).ConclusionsThe axial length was significantly related to the rates of supernormal and false‐positive sectors even in healthy eyes. These findings indicate that the specificity and sensitivity of SD‐OCT will be affected especially in eyes with longer axial lengths.
When should we use partially hydrolysed formulae for frequent gastrointestinal symptoms and allergy prevention?
Authors: Vandenplas Y , Cruchet S , Faure C , Lee HC , Di Lorenzo C , Staiano A , Chundi Xu , Aw MM , Gutiérrez‐Castrellón P , Asery A , Spolidoro J , Heine RG , Miqdady M , Arancibia ME , Alarcón P 
Published: March 2014

AbstractExperts reviewed the literature to determine whether partially whey hydrolysed formulas (HF) offer benefits in the dietary management of frequent gastrointestinal symptoms and allergy prevention. Compared with standard cow's milk‐based formulas, partially whey HF confer a limited protective effect against allergic disease in high‐risk infants, particularly atopic dermatitis, but not respiratory allergies. No randomised clinical trials have been published on partially whey HF in infants with colicky symptoms. The group did not find sufficient evidence to support the use of partially whey HF in regurgitation, although recent data suggest that a thickened partially whey HF may be more effective. Partially whey HF, fortified with prebiotics and/or probiotics, with high levels of sn‐2 palmitate in the fat blend or without palm oil, provide some benefit in functional constipation.ConclusionOverall, partially whey HF may offer a useful alternative to intact protein in the dietary management of common functional gastrointestinal symptoms.