bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutional learning from a newsroom minority: The case of the Swiss public service broadcasting company
Authors: Perrin Daniel 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Promoting public understanding is what the programming mandate asks the Swiss public broadcasting company SRG SSR to do. From a sociolinguistic perspective, this means linking speech communities with other speech communities, both between and within the German-, French-, Italian- and Rumantsch-speaking parts of Switzerland. In the Idée suisse project, we investigated whether and how SRG, caught between public service demands and market forces, should and actually does fulfil such language policy requirements. Four research modules were combined: module A focused on language policy expectations; B on media management’s interpretation; C on media production and D on media reflection in the newsrooms. Interviews with policy-makers and media managers were triangulated with in-depth analyses of text production processes and workplace conversations. The overall findings: whereas the managers are usually frustrated by the expectations of media policy-makers, a minority of experienced journalists in the newsroom find emergent solutions to overcome the conflict between the public mandate and the market. This tacit knowledge can be identified and made explicit to the entire organization in systemic knowledge transformation.
Minority media as intercultural dialogue: Towards a communicative praxis
Authors: Banda Fackson 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This article justifies the need for minority-sensitive media, setting them out as a key plank of intercultural dialogue. To advance this argument, the article analyses minority-sensitive media in terms of the increasing recognition of minorities in international human rights discourse, their continuing poor representations in the media and the democratic potential of minority discourse as intercultural dialogue. It then attempts to appropriate minority discourse as communicative praxis, sketching three key normative communicative roles for minority media actors, namely: facilitating cultural interactions, unmasking cultural stereotypes and intolerance, and forging a common cultural-pluralistic narrative.
Media in minority contexts: Towards a research framework
Authors: Le Elisabeth 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
This special issue on ‘Media in minority contexts’ includes some of the best papers presented at a 2012 conference on the same theme held at the University of Alberta. The issue comprises as well three articles written by media practitioners in response to the researchers’ work. It also provides a general literature review of the field distinguishing two main strands of research: the status of media in minority contexts, and the participation of minorities in national, transnational and international debates. This second strand can itself be divided into three different subfields: cultural representations, communicative structures and sociocultural conditions for media access and use. The first article is an introduction to the special issue. It underlines how each of the articles in this special issue adds to the two strands and their subfields. It lays out some questions to explore further and argues that the research framework thus outlined ought to be considered from a multidisciplinary perspective.
Identity-centered media choices: Between strategic opportunities and regulatory constraints
Authors: Hanot Muriel 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Was cultural and linguistic isolationism in Belgian media unavoidable? What were the legislator’s intentions when it defined the national audio-visual framework? How did those intentions translate into real action? Looking back over the major legislative, technical and strategic choices made in the past few decades, this article shows that the legislator was driven by the will to take advantage of new technologies (to better serve cultural communities). However, this resulted in increased isolationism instead of providing the audience with more freedom of choice.
A Single Gene Causes an Interspecific Difference in Pigmentation in Drosophila
Authors: Ahmed-Braimah Yasir H , Sweigart Andrea L 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
The genetic basis of species differences remains understudied. Studies in insects have contributed significantly to our understanding of morphological evolution. Pigmentation traits in particular have received a great deal of attention and several genes in the insect pigmentation pathway have been implicated in inter- and intraspecific differences. Nonetheless, much remains unknown about many of the genes in this pathway and their potential role in understudied taxa. Here we genetically analyze the puparium color difference between members of the virilis group of Drosophila. The puparium of Drosophila virilis is black, while those of D. americana, D. novamexicana, and D. lummei are brown. We used a series of backcross hybrid populations between D. americana and D. virilis to map the genomic interval responsible for the difference between this species pair. First, we show that the pupal case color difference is caused by a single Mendelizing factor, which we ultimately map to an ∼11-kb region on chromosome 5. The mapped interval includes only the first exon and regulatory region(s) of the dopamine N-acetyltransferase gene (Dat). This gene encodes an enzyme that is known to play a part in the insect pigmentation pathway. Second, we show that this gene is highly expressed at the onset of pupation in light brown taxa (D. americana and D. novamexicana) relative to D. virilis, but not in the dark brown D. lummei. Finally, we examine the role of Dat in adult pigmentation between D. americana (heavily melanized) and D. novamexicana (lightly melanized) and find no discernible effect of this gene in adults. Our results demonstrate that a single gene is entirely or almost entirely responsible for a morphological difference between species.
Accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen contents in banana 'Williams' (Musa AAA) plants in Uraba, Colombia
Authors: Torres B. Jaime , Sánchez Jaiver Danilo , Cayón Gerardo , Magnitskiy Stanislav , Darghan Aquiles Enrique 
Published: March 2015

Banana production for export in the Uraba region of Colombia represents economic and social benefits for the country and demands improved agronomic management practices, especially for fertilization. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of different doses of nitrogen on crop development during two production cycles in order to adjust fertilizer recommendations to values consistent with plant requirements. Sixth-generation banana Williams plants were subjected to five treatments of nitrogen doses at five stages of development and during two production cycles. Two linear models, according to the phenological stage and vegetative structures, were used, assessing the variables of dry weight and nitrogen content. The statistical differences found for the effect of the nitrogen dose on the dry matter accumulation per plant organ and nitrogen content in the plants for the development stages per production cycle and between the cycles allowed for the selection of the 321.8 and 483 kg ha-1 ha of nitrogen doses as the better ones. In this research, the nitrogen dose of 483 kg ha-1 was the most successful at obtaining the highest nitrogen content in the plants. This research confirmed the practical utility of nutrient extraction curves because they allowed for the selection of the fertilizer dose with the best response.
Pan tropical biomass equations for Mexico's dry forests
Authors: Návar José 
Published: March 2015

This study reports a set of robust regional M-tree allometric equations for Mexico's tropical dry forests and their application to a forest inventory dataset for the States of Durango and Sinaloa, Mexico. Calculated M data from 15 reported equations were fitted, applied and validated for regional and global models. Proposed theoretical models, empirically derived equations, as well as global and local reported equations were fitted and applied to calculated M-tree data using wood specific gravity, diameter at breast height, and top height as exogenous variables. Empirically-derived, computer-based equations assessed the M-tree evaluations slightly better than the theoretical, the global and the local models. However, the theoretical models projected compatible M-tree values and deserve further attention once wood specific gravity data are collected in the field. Using the best fit equation, mean M plot density values of 30, 41 and 35 Mg ha-1 were estimated from 57 plots (1,600 m2 each), 217 plots (1,000 m2 each) and 166 plots (1,000 m2 each) in the tropical dry forests of the States of Durango, Tiniaquis and Vado Hondo (Sinaloa), respectively. The large sample size, the richness of the tested allometric models, the economic and ecological importance of this data-source, and the spatial coverage of these equations made this dataset uniquely useful for biomass, charcoal, and other bio-energy estimations, as well as for understanding the inherent heterogeneity of the stand-structure in dynamic tropical forest environments.
Molecular characterization of 93 genotypes of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) with random amplified microsatellites RAMs
Authors: Morillo C. Yacenia , Morillo C. Ana Cruz , Muñoz F. Jaime Eduardo , Ballesteros P. William , González Alonso 
Published: March 2015

Random amplified microsatellite (RAMs) markers six were used to characterize 93 genotypes of cocoa in Tumaco (Colombia). Hundred twenty seven bands were generated. The number of polymorphic loci varied between 11 and 25 for the AG and TG primers, respectively. This study differentiated the 93 genotypes into six groups with a 0.53 similarity, 0.28 mean heterozygosity (He) for the population, and 0.12±0.02 genetic differentiation coefficient or Fst. A significant level of genetic diversity was evident in the T. cacao genotypes. This resource would benefit selection programs of individual trees or plant breeding programs. The genotypes clustered in a large proportion in accordance with the collection zone. This characteristic was associated with collection zones and along the rivers in the municipality of Tumaco. The RAM technique proved to be a useful tool for the determination of genetic diversity in Theobroma species.
New records of Megalastrum in the northeastern Atlantic Forest
Authors: Farias Rafael De Paiva , Santiago Augusto César Pessôa , Pereira Anna Flora De Novaes , Araújo da Silva Ivo Abraão , Barros Iva Carneiro Leão 
Published: March 2015

Megalastrum indusiatum R. C. Moran et al. and Megalastrum umbrinum (C. Chr.) A. R. Sm. & R. C. Moran are reported for the first time in the Northeastern Atlantic Forest, extending the distribution of species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in about 680 and 1080 km to the north, respectively. Information on taxonomy and species distribution are provided.
Providing Information and Support to Postnatal Women Who Have Experienced a Cesarean Section: A Pilot Study
Authors: Martin Tracy , Fenwick Jennifer , Hauck Yvonne , Butt Janice , Wood Jennie 
Published: March 2015

BACKGROUND:Australia has a low uptake of vaginal birth after cesarean despite the evidence that this is best practice. A new midwifery-led service was introduced with the overall goal to improve the quality of care offered to women and their families that have experienced a cesarean section. The postnatal arm of the service targeted women who had experienced their first cesarean section. The service included an early hospital postnatal visit from the next birth after cesarean (NBAC) midwives whereby women were given an opportunity to share their experiences. Women were subsequently given an evidence-based resource on birth after cesarean as well as the midwives’ contact details should they wish to contact them anytime during the first 6 weeks after birth.AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness the postnatal arm of the service on women’s birth mode intentions in a subsequent pregnancy and their levels of childbirth fear and self-efficacy at 12 weeks postpartum.METHOD:Comparative descriptive design (pre-/posttest). Fifty-three women receiving standard care (comparison group) and 50 women receiving the NBAC postnatal service completed a childbirth fear measure (Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire Version B), a self-efficacy scale (New General Self-Efficacy Scale [NGSE]), and were asked their preferred birth mode for a subsequent pregnancy. Data was collected at 3–5 days and 12 weeks postpartum. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were used to test several formulated hypotheses.RESULTS:Although women who received a visit from the NBAC midwives were more likely to state they intended to birth vaginally in a next pregnancy, compared to women receiving standard care, the finding was not significant (p= .272). Likewise, there was no difference in childbirth fear with both groups of women having high levels of childbirth fear (comparison [86.27] and NBAC group [84.67]). Comparison of self-efficacy items between groups at 12 weeks were not significant aside from NBAC women feeling more confident with their ability to complete tasks well (p= .005).CONCLUSION:Although the findings of this small study were not statistically significant, the simple and timely nature of the intervention seems worthy of further consideration and investigation. In addition, research needs to continue to focus on how midwives can better meet women’s emotional needs in the postpartum period helping to ameliorate women’s fear and build confidence for their next pregnancy and birth experience.
Floral development of Sabia (Sabiaceae): Evidence for the derivation of pentamery from a trimerous ancestry
Authors: De Craene Louis P. Ronse , Quandt Dietmar , Wanntorp Livia 
Published: March 2015

• Premise of the study: Flowers of Sabiaceae diverge from basal eudicots in combining pentamery with superposed whorls of sepals, petals, and stamens and are therefore crucial in understanding origins of core eudicot flowers. Different hypotheses are tested using floral developmental evidence, whether the pentamerous flower is derived from a spiral, trimerous, or dimerous progenitor.• Methods: The floral development of two species of Sabia was investigated with the scanning electron microscope to understand their unusual floral morphology and the origin of pentamery.• Key results: The species show major developmental differences in their inflorescence morphology and organ initiation sequence. In S. limoniacea, flowers are subtended by a pherophyll preceding two prophylls, one of which encloses a younger flower; floral organs arise in a continuous spiral sequence without interruption between different organs. The ovary is oriented in an oblique‐median position. In S. japonica, one prophyll replaces one of the sepals, and there is a disruption in the spiral sequence. As a result, the ovary is inserted more or less transversally.• Conclusions: The flower of Sabiaceae is structurally best interpreted as derived from a trimerous progenitor, and a derivation from a dimerous or spiral progenitor is less likely. One organ of each median adaxial whorl is interpreted as lost (from K3+3 C3+3 A3+3 G3 to K3+2 C3+2 A3+2 G2). The number of sepals is variable as pherophylls, prophylls, and sepals cannot be distinguished by shape and intergrade with each other. The floral organization of Sabia is reminiscent of trimerous Ranunculales and supports an earlier divergence of Sabiaceae relative to Proteales.
Paysans et mineurs. Quelques repères sur la mine comme agent de mutations sociales dans le monde rural andalou (xixe-xxe siècles)
Authors: Cohen Arón 
Published: March 2015

Le bond des activités minières dans l'Andalousie contemporaine a frayé une des rares voies à la portée de nombreux paysans pauvres pour améliorer, même modestement, leurs conditions matérielles d'existence. La mine a pu disposer de la force de travail de masses rurales largement prolétarisées ; du coup, elle en a favorisé le processus de prolétarisation. Les transitions ne furent pas linéaires : les statuts « ambigus », du point de vue de l'emploi, des mineurs-paysans (journaliers « mixtes » et ouvriers-très petits propriétaires) ont été relativement fréquents et parfois durables. Surtout tant que les dimensions de l'emploi dans les mines attiraient une immigration, en même temps qu'ils retenaient l'émigration paysanne des alentours. L'Andalousie a connu, selon les moments et les lieux, des réalités variables à ce sujet, en fonction des types d'activité minière, des contextes agro-sociaux et des différences d'articulation entre ces deux piliers des formations économiques et sociales. L'analyse s'appuie sur trois exemples de portée inégale dans l'Andalousie minière.
Dr Popp et la disquette Sida
Authors: Casilli Antonio A. 
Published: March 2015

En 1989 éclate l’affaire de la « disquette Sida », l’un des premiers scandales internationaux dans l’histoire du piratage informatique. En s’appuyant sur une enquête qui sollicite les protagonistes de l’affaire et restitue autant la réaction médiatique que la scène de l’activisme technologique de l’époque, ce texte explore les liens entre imaginaires du corps, savoirs médicaux et conflictualité politique – et montre dans quelle mesure notre compréhension actuelle du rôle socialisant des technologies numériques a été façonnée par la notion de viralité élaborée à la fin du XXe siècle.
La muse de l’anthropologie américaine
Authors: Dragani Amalia 
Published: March 2015

Cet article porte sur la pratique poétique des anthropologues américains, à la fois révélatrice d’enjeux institutionnels majeurs et catalyseur d’une densité relationnelle conséquente. Il met en évidence trois occurrences successives dans l’histoire de l’anthropologie américaine, où les chercheurs ont montré un intérêt prononcé pour la poésie, soit parce qu’ils en produisaient eux-mêmes, soit parce qu’ils trouvaient un intérêt particulier à l’étudier. Une première période coïncide avec les années de la fondation de la discipline (1920-1930) et c’est l’activité poétique d’Edward Sapir et de Ruth F. Benedict qui est examinée, surtout sous l’angle des hésitations qu’ont pu connaître l’un et l’autre représentant de l’école « culture et personnalité » dans le choix entre des carrières de poète ou d’anthropologue. Une deuxième période montre le lien entre les poètes de la beat generation et les ethno-poètes fondateurs de la revue Alcheringa Ethnopoetics (1960-1970). Une dernière période prend en compte les années du poetic turn et du post-modernisme (à partir de 1980) qui coïncident avec des publications individuelles et collectives de field poetry (poésie anthropologique) et l’instauration d’institutions telles que les concours et les prix de poésie anthropologique.
L’invisible et le clandestin
Authors: Auray Nicolas 
Published: March 2015

L’article étudie les êtres spécifiques de l’écologie virale du monde numérique (vers géants, virus et « machines zombies ») en insistant sur deux caractéristiques. D’une part, le fait que les vers informatiques, entités de taille aujourd’hui titanesque, sont un mixte d’émergence par pression sélective dans le milieu et de « contrôle intentionnel planifié », par des êtres humains organisés. D’autre part, le fait que leur propagation repose sur l’exploitation de la curiosité des internautes. L’insécurité liée à la menace qu’ils font planer sur le réseau se nourrit ainsi des failles d’un agir exploratoire à la direction forcément imprédictible. De ce point de vue, l’article documente une fragilité au centre de la « société de l’information ». L’enquête ethnographique étudie les méthodes de chasse et d’endiguement mises en place par les industriels informa- tiques pour amoindrir cette vulnérabilité.
Traverser sur un fil
Authors: Pescayre Charlotte 
Published: March 2015

La maroma (corde épaisse utilisée par les marins) a donné son nom à une expression spectaculaire, rituelle et festive pratiquée par des groupes d’artistes-paysans indigènes et métis dans les régions rurales du Sud du Mexique. Le « spectacle » inclut des acrobates, danseurs de corde, clowns, trapézistes, musiciens, et s’effectue à l’occasion de festivités communautaires. Actuellement, les collectifs de maromeros sont à la fois pris dans des processus de patrimonialisation et de « cirquisation ». Ce dernier s’instaure à partir de l’autodéfinition des collectifs de maromeros en tant que « cirque indigène » et de la revendication de cette tradition indigène par des cirques classiques qui souhaitent asseoir leur réputation. Cet article examine ces différents processus ainsi que les transformations esthétiques, sociales et culturelles qu’ils engendrent au niveau local.
L’alarme d’Antigone
Authors: Keck Frédéric 
Published: March 2015

Cet article retrace la controverse qui eut lieu en 2011-2013 autour de la mutation du virus de grippe H5N1, le rendant transmissible entre mammifères. Cette controverse portait sur des questions de biosécurité, en invoquant la possibilité d’un usage terroriste ou d’une échappée accidentelle du virus mutant. En suivant la perspective d’un de ses acteurs principaux, Ron Fouchier, professeur de virologie au centre médical Érasme de Rotterdam, l’article montre qu’il s’agit pour les virologues d’anticiper en laboratoire les mutations des virus dans la nature, et interroge les critiques internes au monde des « chasseurs de virus » au sujet de leurs stratégies de communication.
Phenotypic Variation in Aicardi–Goutières Syndrome Explained by Cell-Specific IFN-Stimulated Gene Response and Cytokine Release
Authors: Cuadrado Eloy , Michailidou Iliana , van Bodegraven Emma J. , Jansen Machiel H. , Sluijs Jacqueline A. , Geerts Dirk , Couraud Pierre-Olivier , De Filippis Lidia , Vescovi Angelo L. , Kuijpers Taco W. , Hol Elly M. 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a monogenic inflammatory encephalopathy caused by mutations in TREX1, RNASEH2A, RNASEH2B, RNASEH2C, SAMHD1, ADAR1, or MDA5. Mutations in those genes affect normal RNA/DNA intracellular metabolism and detection, triggering an autoimmune response with an increase in cerebral IFN-α production by astrocytes. Microangiopathy and vascular disease also contribute to the neuropathology in AGS. In this study, we report that AGS gene silencing of TREX1, SAMHD1, RNASEH2A, and ADAR1 by short hairpin RNAs in human neural stem cell–derived astrocytes, human primary astrocytes, and brain-derived endothelial cells leads to an antiviral status of these cells compared with nontarget short hairpin RNA–treated cells. We observed a distinct activation of the IFN-stimulated gene signature with a substantial increase in the release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6) and chemokines (CXCL10 and CCL5). A differential impact of AGS gene silencing was noted; silencing TREX1 gave rise to the most dramatic in both cell types. Our findings fit well with the observation that patients carrying mutations in TREX1 experience an earlier onset and fatal outcome. We provide in the present study, to our knowledge for the first time, insight into how astrocytic and endothelial activation of antiviral status may differentially lead to cerebral pathology, suggesting a rational link between proinflammatory mediators and disease severity in AGS.