bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Häufige bakterielle Infektionen der Haut‐ und Weichgewebe: Klinik, Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Sunderkötter Cord , Becker Karsten 
Published: May 2015

ZusammenfassungHaut ‐ und Weichgewebeinfektionen gehören weltweit zu den häufigsten Infektionen. Das klassische Erysipel ist eine nicht‐eitrige Infektion, verursacht durch beta‐hämolysierende Streptokokken. Es ist klinisch gut diagnostizierbar, wenn die Haut ansonsten unverändert ist, anhand der Kombination aus einem überwärmten, schmerzhaften, hellroten Erythem mit glänzender Oberfläche sowie zungenförmigen Ausläufern und einer initial vorliegenden Allgemeinsymptomatik mit Fieber oder zumindest Frösteln. Das Erysipel spricht immer und am besten auf Penicillin an.So genannte begrenzte Phlegmonen oder begrenzte Weichgewebeinfektionen sind unsere Begriffe für solche Infektionen, die häufig von Wunden ihren Ausgang nehmen, meist durch S. aureus verursacht werden und als dunkelrote, schmerzhafte Schwellung erscheinen. Fieber oder Frösteln fehlen anfangs oft.Schwere Phlegmonen sind hingegen eitrige, z. T. nekrotische, oft bis an die Faszie reichende Infektionen, welche neben der Antibiotikabehandlung auch einer chirurgischen Versorgung bedürfen. Oft erfüllen sie auch die Kriterien für sogenannte komplizierte Weichgewebeinfektionen der FDA. Zu diesen Kriterien gehören z.B. schlecht eingestellter Diabetes mellitus, periphere arterielle Verschlusskrankheit und Immunsuppression.Die seltenen nekrotisierenden Weichgewebeinfektionen sind dagegen eigenständigie, rasch progrediente, akut lebensbedrohliche Infektionen infolge Toxin‐bedingter Ischämien und Schock. Die Behandlung begrenzter Phlegmonen umfasst initial Cephalosporine der Gruppe 1 und 2, oder bei Nachweis von S.aureus auch Flucloxacillin (wegen seines geringen Selektionsdruckes auf andere Bakterien). Bei schweren Phlegmonen erfolgt eine kalkulierte und meist parenterale Therapie – je nach Lokalisation ‐ mit Substanzen gegen anaerobe Bakterien und/oder gramnegative Bakterien (z.B. Clindamycin, Aminopenicillin mit beta‐Lactamase‐Inhibitoren, Fluorchinolone).Abszesse müssen in erster Linie gut drainiert werden. Nur unter bestimmten Umständen sollten sie zusätzlich antibiotisch behandelt werden.Die Beachtung dieser diagnostischen Kriterien und der hier aufgeführten, auf Evidenz oder Konsensus basierenden Empfehlungen, ermöglicht eine rationale Antibiotikatherapie, die wirksam und für den Patienten möglichst verträglich ist und die keinen unnötigen Selektionsdruck in Richtung (multi‐)resistenter Erreger ausübt.
What can be learnt from a snail?
Authors: Johannesson Kerstin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe marine snail Littorina saxatilis is a common inhabitant of intertidal shores of the north Atlantic. It is amazingly polymorphic and forms reproductively isolated ecotypes in microhabitats where crabs are either present and wave action is less furious, or where waves are strong and crabs are absent. Decades of research have unveiled much of the ecological and demographic context of the formation of crab‐ and wave‐ecotype snails showing important phenotypic differences being inherited, differential selection being strong over adjacent microhabitats, local dispersal being restricted, and long‐distance transports of individuals being rare. In addition, strong assortative mating of ecotypes has been shown to include a component of male mate preference based on female size. Several studies support ecotypes being diverged locally and under gene flow in a parallel and highly replicated fashion. The high level of replication at various levels of independence (from local to pan‐European scale) provides excellent opportunities to investigate the detailed mechanisms of microevolution, including the formation of barriers to gene flow. Current investigations benefit from a draft reference genome and an integration of genomic approaches, modelling and experiments to unveil molecular and ecological components of speciation and their interactions.
Patterns of differential gene expression in adult rotation‐resistant and wild‐type western corn rootworm digestive tracts
Authors: Chu Chia‐Ching , Zavala Jorge A. , Spencer Joseph L. , Curzi Matías J. , Fields Christopher J. , Drnevich Jenny , Siegfried Blair D. , Seufferheld Manfredo J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe western corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) is an important pest of corn. Annual crop rotation between corn and soybean disrupts the corn‐dependent WCR life cycle and is widely adopted to manage this pest. This strategy selected for rotation‐resistant (RR) WCR with reduced ovipositional fidelity to corn. Previous studies revealed that RR‐WCR adults exhibit greater tolerance of soybean diets, different gut physiology, and host–microbe interactions compared to rotation‐susceptible wild types (WT). To identify the genetic mechanisms underlying these phenotypic changes, a de novo assembly of the WCR adult gut transcriptome was constructed and used for RNA‐sequencing analyses of RNA libraries from different WCR phenotypes fed with corn or soybean diets. Global gene expression profiles of WT‐ and RR‐WCR were similar when feeding on corn diets, but different when feeding on soybean. Using network‐based methods, we identified gene modules transcriptionally correlated with the RR phenotype. Gene ontology enrichment analyses indicated that the functions of these modules were related to metabolic processes, immune responses, biological adhesion, and other functions/processes that appear to correlate to documented traits in RR populations. These results suggest that gut transcriptomic divergence correlated with brief soybean feeding and other physiological traits may exist between RR‐ and WT‐WCR adults.
Vertical distribution and migration of fish larvae in the NW Iberian upwelling system during the winter mixing period: implications for cross‐shelf distribution
Authors: Rodriguez J.M. , Cabrero A. , Gago J. , Guevara‐Fletcher C. , Herrero M. , Hernandez de Rojas A. , Garcia A. , Laiz‐Carrion R. , Vergara A.R. , Alvarez P. , Piñeiro C. , Saborido‐Rey F. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractThe vertical distribution and vertical migrations of fish larvae and implications for their cross‐shelf distribution were investigated in the northern limit of the NE Atlantic upwelling region during the late winter mixing period of 2012. The average positive values of the upwelling index for February and March of this year were far from normal, although the average hydrographic conditions during the period of study were of downwelling and the water column was completely mixed. Fish larvae, most in the preflexion stage, were concentrated in the upper layers of the water column and their distribution was depth stratified, both day and night. However, the larval fish community was not structured in the vertical plane and fish larvae did not show significant diel vertical migration (DVM), although five species showed ontogenetic vertical migration. In regions of coastal upwelling and in the absence of DVM, the location of fish larvae in the water column is crucial for their cross‐shelf distribution. Thus, the cross‐shelf distribution of the six most abundant species collected in this study can be explained by the surface onshore flow associated with coastal downwelling, retaining larvae of the coastal spawning species with a relatively shallow distribution in the shelf region and transporting larvae of slope spawning species onto the shelf. The wide vertical distribution shown by larvae of the offshore spawning species could be an adaptation of these species to ensure that some larvae reach the inshore nursery areas.
The success of assisted colonization and assisted gene flow depends on phenology
Authors: Wadgymar Susana M. , Cumming Matthew N. , Weis Arthur E. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractGlobal warming will jeopardize the persistence and genetic diversity of many species. Assisted colonization, or the movement of species beyond their current range boundary, is a conservation strategy proposed for species with limited dispersal abilities or adaptive potential. However, species that rely on photoperiodic and thermal cues for development may experience conflicting signals if transported across latitudes. Relocating multiple, distinct populations may remedy this quandary by expanding genetic variation and promoting evolutionary responses in the receiving habitat – a strategy known as assisted gene flow. To better inform these policies, we planted seeds from latitudinally distinct populations of the annual legume, Chamaecrista fasciculata, in a potential future colonization site north of its current range boundary. Plants were exposed to ambient or elevated temperatures via infrared heating. We monitored several life history traits and estimated patterns of natural selection to determine the adaptive value of plastic responses. To assess the feasibility of assisted gene flow between phenologically distinct populations, we counted flowers each day and estimated the degree of temporal isolation between populations. Increased temperatures advanced each successive phenological trait more than the last, resulting in a compressed life cycle for all but the southern‐most population. Warming altered patterns of selection on flowering onset and vegetative biomass. Population performance was dependent on latitude of origin, with the northern‐most population performing best under ambient conditions and the southern‐most performing most poorly, even under elevated temperatures. Among‐population differences in flowering phenology limited the potential for genetic exchange among the northern‐ and southern‐most populations. All plastic responses to warming were neutral or adaptive; however, photoperiodic constraints will likely necessitate evolutionary responses for long‐term persistence, especially when involving populations from disparate latitudes. With strategic planning, our results suggest that assisted colonization and assisted gene flow may be feasible options for preservation.
Elevated temperature is more effective than elevated [CO2] in exposing genotypic variation in Telopea speciosissima growth plasticity: implications for woody plant populations under climate change
Authors: Huang Guomin , Rymer Paul D. , Duan Honglang , Smith Renee A. , Tissue David T. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIntraspecific variation in phenotypic plasticity is a critical determinant of plant species capacity to cope with climate change. A long‐standing hypothesis states that greater levels of environmental variability will select for genotypes with greater phenotypic plasticity. However, few studies have examined how genotypes of woody species originating from contrasting environments respond to multiple climate change factors. Here, we investigated the main and interactive effects of elevated [CO2] (CE) and elevated temperature (TE) on growth and physiology of Coastal (warmer, less variable temperature environment) and Upland (cooler, more variable temperature environment) genotypes of an Australian woody species Telopea speciosissima. Both genotypes were positively responsive to CE (35% and 29% increase in whole‐plant dry mass and leaf area, respectively), but only the Coastal genotype exhibited positive growth responses to TE. We found that the Coastal genotype exhibited greater growth response to TE (47% and 85% increase in whole‐plant dry mass and leaf area, respectively) when compared with the Upland genotype (no change in dry mass or leaf area). No intraspecific variation in physiological plasticity was detected under CE or TE, and the interactive effects of CE and TE on intraspecific variation in phenotypic plasticity were also largely absent. Overall, TE was a more effective climate factor than CE in exposing genotypic variation in our woody species. Our results contradict the paradigm that genotypes from more variable climates will exhibit greater phenotypic plasticity in future climate regimes.
Prognostic value of handgrip strength in people aged 60 years and older: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Rijk Joke M , Roos Paul RKM , Deckx Laura , van den Akker Marjan , Buntinx Frank 
Published: May 2015

AimThe aim of the present study was to systematically review the literature on the predictive value of handgrip strength as a marker for vulnerability. Furthermore, we aimed to update a recent systematic review on the association between handgrip strength and mortality.MethodsLiterature searches using Cochrane, PubMed and Embase databases, and searching reference lists of included studies. Eligible studies were observational longitudinal studies presenting handgrip strength at baseline as an independent variable and its association with cognition, depression, mobility, functional status, hospitalization or mortality at follow up in a general population aged 60 years and older. With respect to mortality, we updated a recent systematic review.ResultsWe included 34 articles. Most of them involved the association between handgrip strength and cognition (n = 9), functional status (n = 12), mobility (n = 6) or mortality (n = 22), and mainly found a positive relationship, meaning that higher handgrip strength at baseline is protective for declines in these outcome measures. Statistical pooling was carried out for functional status and mortality, with a pooled ratio for functional status of 1.78 (95% CI 1.28–2.48) for categorical variables (high vs low handgrip strength) and 0.95 (95% CI 0.92–0.99) for handgrip strength as a continuous variable. The pooled hazard ratio for mortality was 1.79 (95% CI 1.26–2.55) for categorical variables and 0.96 (95% CI 0.93–0.98) for continuous variables.ConclusionsHandgrip strength has a predictive validity for decline in cognition, mobility, functional status and mortality in older community‐dwelling populations. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 5–20.
Cerumen impaction shown by brain magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cognitive impairment
Authors: Nakashima Tsutomu , Sugiura Saiko , Naganawa Shinji , Yasue Minori , Inui Yoshitaka , Sakurai Takashi , Uchida Yasue , Sone Michihiko , Teranishi Masaaki , Yoshida Tadao , Ito Kengo , Toba Kenji 
Published: May 2015

AimHearing loss is a risk factor for the progression of dementia. Cognitive improvement is occasionally found after removal of cerumen impaction. Because patients with dementia do not usually complain about cerumen impaction, detection methods are important. The present study aimed to investigate whether cerumen impaction is observable using brain magnetic resonance imaging.MethodsParticipants were six patients whose hearing level improved 15 dB or more unilaterally or bilaterally after the removal of cerumen impaction. A radiologist who was blind to the impaction side and whether magnetic resonance imaging scans were taken before or after impaction removal classified cerumen impaction as positive, negative or unclear.ResultsThree ears classified as impaction positive and five ears classified as impaction negative corresponded accurately to the presence or absence of cerumen impaction. Among four ears classified as unclear, two did and two did not have cerumen impaction.ConclusionCareful examination of the external ear canal on brain magnetic resonance imaging can be used to detect cerumen impaction. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 16: 392–395.
Cutaneous plasmacytosis: a clinicopathologic study of 12 cases in Taiwan revealing heterogeneous underlying causes
Authors: Lu Pei‐Hsuan , Shih Lee‐Yun , Yang Chih‐Hsun , Kuo Tseng‐tong 
Published: May 2015

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous plasmacytosis is clinically characterized by multiple pigmented papules and plaques that occur mainly on the trunk and many plasma cells in the lesional skin. Most of the cases reported have occurred in Japan. Whether cutaneous plasmacytosis is a unique reactive disease or a neoplastic condition has not been established.MethodsWe collected 12 cases fulfilling the criteria for a diagnosis of cutaneous plasmacytosis at our institution from 2001 to 2013. We analyzed clinicopathologic features and performed immunohistochemical and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement studies.ResultsAll 12 patients presented with characteristic cutaneous lesions mainly on the trunk and proximal extremities. Many plasma cells were observed in the lesional skin, and the basal layer was hyperpigmented. Four patients had numerous plasma cells in lymph nodes, and one patient also had increased plasma cells in bone marrow. One patient fulfilled the criteria for immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)‐related lymphadenopathy. Elevated serum IgG and IgG4 concentrations were found in seven patients. Monoclonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements were detected in four patients. The median duration of follow‐up was four years. One patient was lost from follow‐up. Partial remission of the cutaneous lesions was observed in five patients, and progressive disease was noted in five patients. One patient died of respiratory failure.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the so‐called “cutaneous plasmacytosis” has heterogeneous underlying causes with or without systemic involvement and may be associated with clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements and IgG4‐related lymphadenopathy. No effective treatment is available for this condition.
Using the nonhomogeneous frontier two‐stage DEA model to assess the efficiencies of expense utilization and operation of the Taiwanese hotel industry
Authors: Huang Chin‐wei , Chiu Yung‐ho , Tu Chien‐heng , Luo Zheng‐ying , Wang Zebin 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn conventional multistage data envelopment analysis (DEA) studies, different hotel types are mostly assumed to be in a single technology set. However, the assumption that a single technology can have multiple operating types has been criticized by researchers in the past. To overcome this shortcoming, the main propose of this study is to establish a combination of the models of Tone and Chen and Zhu in order to assess the efficiencies of two hotel types. We first provide evidence that there is an existing defect arising from the direct combination of the two models. The nonhomogeneous two‐stage model is established to evaluate the operational and expense utilization efficiencies for the Taiwanese international tourist hotels. The results verify that the defect from the direct combination of these models can be corrected by the new model. Empirical evaluation reveals that independent hotels have higher expense utilization efficiency and chain hotels have higher operational efficiency. The evaluation also indicates that tourist hotels can achieve best practices through a mutual learning strategy.
Male burying beetles extend, not reduce, parental care duration when reproductive competition is high
Authors: Hopwood P. E. , Moore A. J. , Tregenza T. , Royle N. J. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractMale parents spend less time caring than females in many species with biparental care. The traditional explanation for this pattern is that males have lower confidence of parentage, so they desert earlier in favour of pursuing other mating opportunities. However, one recent alternative hypothesis is that prolonged male parental care might also evolve if staying to care actively improves paternity. If this is the case, an increase in reproductive competition should be associated with increased paternal care. To test this prediction, we manipulated the level of reproductive competition experienced by burying beetles, Nicrophorus vespilloides (Herbst, 1783). We found that caregiving males stayed for longer and mated more frequently with their partner when reproductive competition was greater. Reproductive productivity did not increase when males extended care. Our findings provide support for the increased paternity hypothesis. Extended duration of parental care may be a male tactic both protecting investment (in the current brood) and maximizing paternity (in subsequent brood(s) via female stored sperm) even if this fails to maximize current reproductive productivity and creates conflict of interest with their mate via costs associated with increased mating frequency.
Seasonal polyphenism in wing coloration affects species recognition in rubyspot damselflies (Hetaerina spp.)
Authors: Drury J. P. , Anderson C. N. , Grether G. F. 
Published: May 2015

AbstractUnderstanding how phenotypic plasticity evolves and in turn affects the course of evolution is a major challenge in modern biology. By definition, biological species are reproductively isolated, but many animals fail to distinguish between conspecifics and closely related heterospecifics. In some cases, phenotypic plasticity may interfere with species recognition. Here, we document a seasonal polyphenism in the degree of dark wing pigmentation in smoky rubyspot damselflies (Hetaerina titia) – a shift so pronounced that it led early researchers to classify different forms of H. titia as separate species. We further show how the seasonal colour shift impacts species recognition with the sympatric congener Hetaerina occisa. Interspecific aggression (territorial fights) and reproductive interference (mating attempts) are much more frequent early in the year, when H. titia more closely resembles H. occisa, compared to later in the year when the dark phase of H. titia predominates. Using wing colour manipulations of tethered damselflies, we show that the seasonal changes in interspecific interactions are caused not only by the seasonal colour shift but also by shifts in discriminatory behaviour in both species. We also experimentally tested and rejected the hypothesis that learning underlies the behavioural shifts in H. occisa. An alternative hypothesis, which remains to be tested, is that the seasonal polyphenism in H. titia wing coloration has resulted in the evolution of a corresponding seasonal polyphenism in species recognition in H. occisa. This study illustrates one of the many possible ways that plasticity in species recognition cues may influence the evolution of interspecific interactions.