bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel multitarget tracking algorithm for Myosin VI protein molecules on actin filaments in TIRFM sequences
Authors: LI G. , SANCHEZ V. , NAGARAJ P.C.S.B. , KHAN S. , RAJPOOT N. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryWe propose a novel multitarget tracking framework for Myosin VI protein molecules in total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy sequences which integrates an extended Hungarian algorithm with an interacting multiple model filter. The extended Hungarian algorithm, which is a linear assignment problem based method, helps to solve measurement assignment and spot association problems commonly encountered when dealing with multiple targets, although a two‐motion model interacting multiple model filter increases the tracking accuracy by modelling the nonlinear dynamics of Myosin VI protein molecules on actin filaments. The evaluation of our tracking framework is conducted on both real and synthetic total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy sequences. The results show that the framework achieves higher tracking accuracies compared to the state‐of‐the‐art tracking methods, especially for sequences with high spot density.
Enabling resources in people with dementia: a qualitative study about nurses’ strategies that may support a sense of coherence in people with dementia
Authors: Lillekroken Daniela , Hauge Solveig , Slettebø Åshild 
Published: August 2015

Aims and objectivesTo explore nurses’ strategies that may support the sense of coherence in people with dementia.BackgroundPeople with dementia are often described as people with no resources, people who need support from family or from healthcare personnel to function in everyday life. Despite the disease, some people still have the resources needed to cope well with parts of their lives and experience coherence. To date, no research has explored any nurses’ strategies that may support the sense of coherence in people with dementia.DesignThe design of the study is qualitative and exploratory.MethodsData were collected by participant observation and focus group interviews. Sixteen registered nurses from two different Norwegian nursing homes were recruited and participated in the study. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe empirical material consisted of field notes from participant observation and transcripts from focus group interviews. Three generic categories were identified as strategies that may support sense of coherence in people with dementia: ‘Finding and nurturing the individual's resources’, ‘Customising meaningful activities’ and ‘Finding creative solutions’. These categories were identified as strategies that may support and possibly enhance the sense of coherence in people with dementia.ConclusionsThe findings provide an empirical base for assuming that with support and help from nurses, people with dementia may experience and strengthen their sense of coherence, therefore, the nurses need to be aware of the activities that may support and possibly enhance the sense of coherence in people with dementia.Relevance to clinical practiceDespite the contextual limitations, this study highlights the need to identify and nurture resources in people with dementia, thus supporting their sense of coherence. The findings may contribute in enhancing the quality of care for people with dementia.
Canonical Variate Analysis of Sensory Profiling Data
Authors: Peltier C. , Visalli M. , Schlich P. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTPrincipal Component Analysis (PCA) of product mean scores is generally used to obtain a product map from sensory profiling data. However, this approach does not take into account the variance of the product mean scores due to the individual panelist variability.Therefore, Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) of the product effect in the two‐way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) should be considered as a natural alternative analysis to PCA. Indeed, it is the extension of the classical univariate approach used for the analysis of each descriptor separately. This analysis generates successive components maximizing product discrimination as measured by the usual Fisher statistics in analysis of variance. The outcome of CVA is a product map maximizing product separation, while gathering individual evaluations of the same product as close as possible.This article is an introduction to the rationale of CVA applied to sensory profiling data. In addition, it offers an R package (CVApack) and instructions for running it.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis article introduces a mapping method which allows visualizing graphically the results of a two‐way MANOVA. This method can be used in sensory analysis to describe product discrimination. Theoretically more adapted to sensory data than PCA, CVA can also be used in other fields of application with a few adaptations.
Periodontal healing with a preameloblast‐conditioned medium in dogs
Authors: Yu S.‐J. , Lee D.‐S. , Kim B.‐O. , Choi S.‐H. , Park J.‐C. 
Published: August 2015

Background and ObjectiveThe predictability of conventional periodontal treatments for damaged periodontal tissue is limited, particularly on the regeneration of new cementum. As signaling molecules, a range of growth factors has been used to promote periodontal regeneration on periodontal ligament (PDL) and cementum defects. A preameloblast‐conditioned medium (PA‐CM) was prepared from cultured murine apical bud cells, which can differentiate into ameloblasts. We examined the effect of PA‐CM on PDL cells and cementoblasts in vitro and evaluated histologically the effects of PA‐CM on the regeneration of experimentally induced periodontal defects in vivo.Material and MethodsIn vitro, the effects of PA‐CM on the migration of human PDL cells were examined using a scratch wound healing assay and a transwell assay. The differentiation and mineralization potential of PA‐CM‐treated human PDL cells and murine cementoblastic OCCM‐30 cells was examined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Alizarin red‐S staining. In vivo, six mongrel dogs (12–16 kg; 6–8 mo old) were used. Twenty‐four roots were replanted with either, (i) only periodontal defects (n = 12; control group), or (ii) periodontal defects and PA‐CM treatment (n = 12; experimental group). In the experimental group, the PDL and cementum between notches was removed using a Gracey curette and soaked in 0.08 mL water containing 80 μg of a PA‐CM for 2 min. The dogs were killed at 4 and 8 wk post‐surgery.ResultsThe in vitro results showed that PA‐CM stimulated the migration of PDL cells and promoted the differentiation and mineralization of PDL cells and cementoblasts. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed stronger expression of Runx2, Osx, OC, Bsp and Cap mRNAs in the PA‐CM‐treated PDL cells and cementoblasts than those in the control cells. In vivo, newly formed PDL‐like tissue and cementum‐like tissue were observed partially between the root surfaces and newly formed bone in the experimental group. The regenerated PDL‐like tissue in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 8 wk (p < 0.05). The replacement resorption on the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 8 wk (p < 0.05). In addition, the amount of newly formed cementum‐like tissue in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 4 and 8 wk (p < 0.05).ConclusionThese results suggest that PA‐CM has the potential to regenerate periodontal tissues in PDL and cementum defects.
Tip‐to‐nucleus migration dynamics of the asexual development regulator FlbB in vegetative cells
Authors: Herrero‐Garcia Erika , Perez‐de‐Nanclares‐Arregi Elixabet , Cortese Marc S. , Markina‐Iñarrairaegui Ane , Oiartzabal‐Arano Elixabet , Etxebeste Oier , Ugalde Unai , Espeso Eduardo A. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryIn Aspergillus nidulans, asexual differentiation requires the presence of the transcription factor FlbB at the cell tip and apical nuclei. Understanding the relationship between these two pools is crucial for elucidating the biochemical processes mediating conidia production. Tip‐to‐nucleus communication was demonstrated by photo‐convertible FlbB::Dendra2 visualization. Tip localization of FlbB depends on Cys382 in the C‐terminus and the bZIP DNA‐binding domain in the N‐terminus. FlbE, a critical FlbB interactor, binds the bZIP domain. Furthermore, the absence of FlbE results in loss of tip localization but not nuclear accumulation. flbE deletion also abrogates transcriptional activity indicating that FlbB gains transcriptional competence from interactions with FlbE at the tip. Finally, a bipartite nuclear localization signal is required for nuclear localization of FlbB. Those motifs of FlbB may play various roles in the sequence of events necessary for the distribution and activation of this transcriptionally active developmental factor. The tip accumulation, FlbE‐dependent activation, transport and nuclear import sketch out a process of relaying an environmentally triggered signal from the tip to the nuclei. As the first known instance of transcription factor‐mediated tip‐to‐nucleus communication in filamentous fungi, this provides a general framework for analyses focused on elucidating the set of molecular mechanisms coupling apical signals to transcriptional events.
A Simple Panel Unit‐Root Test with Smooth Breaks in the Presence of a Multifactor Error Structure
Authors: Lee Chingnun , Wu Jyh‐Lin , Yang Lixiong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper extends the cross‐sectionally augmented panel unit‐root test (CIPS) developed by Pesaran et al. (2013, Journal of Econometrics, Vol. 175, pp. 94–115) to allow for smoothing structural changes in deterministic terms modelled by a Fourier function. The proposed statistic is called the break augmented CIPS (BCIPS) statistic. We show that the non‐standard limiting distribution of the (truncated) BCIPS statistic exists and tabulate its critical values. Monte‐Carlo experiments point out that the sizes and powers of the BCIPS statistic are generally satisfactory as long as the number of time periods, T, is not less than fifty. The BCIPS test is then applied to examine the validity of long‐run purchasing power parity.
The role of weeds in the epidemiology of pospiviroids
Authors: Van Bogaert N , Smagghe G , De Jonghe K 
Published: August 2015

SummaryMany weeds that are closely associated with horticultural activities are known as natural reservoirs of plant viruses. However, whether these weeds can also serve as hosts of pospiviroids is not well known. Pospiviroids are naked, non‐coding RNA pathogens that cause severe economic damage in many solanaceous crops. In this study, we examined the overall risk of pospiviroid spreading from weeds to economically important crops, by combining the results from previous inoculation studies with new results coming from a survey, a contact experiment and an inoculation experiment. A survey of commercial ornamental glasshouses revealed that ornamental plants mainly belonging to the Solanaceae harbour pospiviroids, in contrast to weed species sampled in the same places. No new weed hosts could be identified after testing weeds that grew in contact with Tomato apical stunt viroid (TASVd)‐infected plants of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and jasmine nightshade (Solanum jasminoides) in an experimental glasshouse. Finally, in mechanical inoculation experiments with TASVd, none of the six tested weed species were determined to be a host at 6 weeks after inoculation. Commonly occurring weed species therefore do not appear to play a significant role as reservoir hosts for pospiviroids. This does not rule out other potential weed hosts that have not yet been tested. Inoculation studies should include rigorous experimental protocols with a sufficient number of replicated as well as adequate positive controls. The information gained through this study may prove useful in future risk assessments for the pospiviroid group.
Analysis of the Characteristics and Mechanisms of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in a Suite of Coupled Models from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory
Authors: Zhang Liping , Delworth Thomas L. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
North Pacific decadal oceanic and atmospheric variability is examined in a suite of coupled climate models developed at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL). The models have ocean horizontal resolutions ranging from 1° to 0.1° and atmospheric horizontal resolutions ranging from 200 to 50 km. In all simulations the dominant pattern of decadal-scale sea surface temperature (SST) variability over the North Pacific is similar to the observed Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO). Simulated SST anomalies in the Kuroshio–Oyashio Extension (KOE) region exhibit a significant spectral peak at approximately 20 yr.
Sensitivity experiments are used to show that (i) the simulated PDO mechanism involves extratropical air–sea interaction and oceanic Rossby wave propagation; (ii) the oscillation can exist independent of interactions with the tropics, but such interactions can enhance the PDO; and (iii) ocean–atmosphere feedback in the extratropics is critical for establishing the approximately 20-yr time scale of the PDO. The spatial pattern of the PDO can be generated from atmospheric variability that occurs independently of ocean–atmosphere feedback, but the existence of a spectral peak depends on active air–sea coupling. The specific interdecadal time scale is strongly influenced by the propagation speed of oceanic Rossby waves in the subtropical and subpolar gyres, as they provide a delayed feedback to the atmosphere. The simulated PDO has a realistic association with precipitation variations over North America, with a warm phase of the PDO generally associated with positive precipitation anomalies over regions of the western United States. The seasonal dependence of this relationship is also reproduced by the model.
Developing Renal Allograft Surveillance Strategies – Urinary Biomarkers of Cellular Rejection
Authors: Hirt-Minkowski Patricia , De Serres Sacha A , Ho Julie 
Published: August 2015

Purpose of review: Developing tailored immunosuppression regimens requires sensitive, non-invasive tools for serial post-transplant surveillance as the current clinical standards with serum creatinine and proteinuria are ineffective at detecting subclinical rejection. The purpose of this review is: (i) to illustrate the rationale for allograft immune monitoring, (ii) to discuss key steps to bring a biomarker from bench-to-bedside, and (iii) to present an overview of promising biomarkers for cellular rejection. Sources of information: PubMed. Findings: Recent multicentre prospective observational cohort studies have significantly advanced biomarker development by allowing for the adequately powered evaluation of multiple biomarkers capable of detecting allograft rejection. These studies demonstrate that urinary CXCR3 chemokines (i.e. CXCL9 and CXCL10) are amongst the most promising for detecting subclinical inflammation; increasing up to 30 days prior to biopsy-proven acute rejection; decreasing in response to anti-rejection therapy; and having prognostic significance for the subsequent development of allograft dysfunction. Urinary CXCR3 chemokines are measured by simple and cost-effective ELISA methodology, which can readily be implemented in clinical labs. Limitations: Many biomarker studies are performed in highly selected patient groups and lack surveillance biopsies to accurately classify healthy transplants. Few validation studies have been done in unselected, consecutive patient populations to characterize population-based diagnostic performance. Implications: Based on these data, prospective interventional trials should be undertaken to determine if chemokine-based post-transplant monitoring strategies can improve long-term renal allograft outcomes. This last step will be necessary to move novel biomarkers from the bench-to-bedside.
Chronic Kidney Disease in Congenital Heart Disease Patients: A Narrative Review of Evidence
Authors: Morgan Catherine , Al-Aklabi Mohammed , Guerra Gonzalo Garcia 
Published: August 2015

Purpose of review: Patients with congenital heart disease have a number of risk factors for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is well known that CKD has a large negative impact on health outcomes. It is important therefore to consider that patients with congenital heart disease represent a population in whom long-term primary and secondary prevention strategies to reduce CKD occurrence and progression could be instituted and significantly change outcomes. There are currently no clear guidelines for clinicians in terms of renal assessment in the long-term follow up of patients with congenital heart disease. Consolidation of knowledge is critical for generating such guidelines, and hence is the purpose of this view. This review will summarize current knowledge related to CKD in patients with congenital heart disease, to highlight important work that has been done to date and set the stage for further investigation, development of prevention strategies, and re-evaluation of appropriate renal follow-up in patients with congenital heart disease. Sources of information: The literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar. Findings: Current epidemiological evidence suggests that CKD occurs in patients with congenital heart disease at a higher frequency than the general population and is detectable early in follow-up (i.e. during childhood). Best evidence suggests that approximately 30 to 50 % of adult patients with congenital heart disease have significantly impaired renal function. The risk of CKD is higher with cyanotic congenital heart disease but it is also present with non-cyanotic congenital heart disease. Although significant knowledge gaps exist, the sum of the data suggests that patients with congenital heart disease should be followed from an early age for the development of CKD. Implications: There is an opportunity to mitigate CKD progression and negative renal outcomes by instituting interventions such as stringent blood pressure control and reduction of proteinuria. There is a need to invest time, thought and money to fill existing knowledge gaps to improve health outcomes in this population. This review should serve as an impetus for generation of follow-up guidelines of kidney health evaluation in patients with congenital heart disease.
Coronary Artery Calcification, Cardiovascular Events, and Death: A Prospective Cohort Study of Incident Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Wilkieson Trevor J. , Rahman M. Omair , Gangji Azim S. , Voss Maurice , Ingram Alistair J. , Ranganath Nischal , Goldsmith Charlie H. , Kotsamanes Cathy Z. , Crowther Mark A. , Rabbat Christian G. , Clase Catherine M. 
Published: August 2015

Background: Coronary calcification in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular outcomes and death from all causes. Previous evidence has been limited by short follow-up periods and inclusion of a heterogeneous cluster of events in the primary analyses. Objective: To describe coronary calcification in patients incident to ESRD, and to identify whether calcification predicts vascular events or death. Design: Prospective substudy of an inception cohort. Setting: Tertiary care haemodialysis centre in Ontario (St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton). Participants: Patients starting haemodialysis who were new to ESRD. Measurements: At baseline, clinical characterization and spiral computed tomography (CT) to score coronary calcification by the Agatston-Janowitz 130 scoring method. A primary outcome composite of adjudicated stroke, myocardial infarction, or death. Methods: We followed patients prospectively to identify the relationship between cardiac calcification and subsequent stroke, myocardial infarction, or death, using Cox regression. Results: We recruited 248 patients in 3 centres to our main study, which required only biochemical markers. Of these 164 were at St Joseph's healthcare, and eligible to participate in the substudy; of these, 51 completed CT scanning (31 %). Median follow up was 26 months (Q1, Q3: 14, 34). The primary outcome occurred in 16 patients; 11 in the group above the median and 5 in the group below ( p = 0.086). There were 26 primary outcomes in 16 patients; 20 (77 %) events in the group above the coronary calcification median and 6 (23 %) in the group below ( p = 0.006). There were 10 deaths; 8 in the group above the median compared with 2 in the group below ( p = 0.04). The hazard ratios for coronary calcification above, compared with below the median, for the primary outcome composite were 2.5 (95 % CI 0.87, 7.3; p = 0.09) and 1.7 (95 % CI 0.55, 5.4; p = 0.4), unadjusted and adjusted for age, respectively. For death, the hazard ratios were 4.6 (95 % CI 0.98, 21.96; p = 0.054) and 2.4 (95 % CI 0.45, 12.97; p = 0.3) respectively. Limitations: We were limited by a small sample size and a small number of events. Conclusions: Respondent burden is high for additional testing around the initiation of dialysis. High coronary calcification in patients new to ESRD has a tendency to predict cardiovascular outcomes and death, though effects are attenuated when adjusted for age.
Simulação de fluxo e transporte de íons de vinhaça através de vertente da formação Rio Claro
Authors: Alfaro Soto Miguel Angel , Basso Juliana Broggio , Kiang Chang Hung , Van Genuchten Martinus Th. 
Published: August 2015

<p>A vinhaça é cada vez mais usada nas operações agrícolas como uma possível fonte de nutrientes e matéria orgânica. Neste artigo, são apresentados os resultados de uma simulação de fluxo subterrâneo da água e de transporte de íons, a partir da hipotética infiltração de vinhaça decorrente da fertirrigação na cultura de cana de açúcar. O estudo é aplicado a um corte bidimensional de solo de Ajapí (Rio Claro – SP). As simulações tiveram com a finalidade de avaliar a potencial contaminação das águas subterrâneas e de um córrego localizado próximo às fontes de infiltração. Foi realizada uma modelagem numérica empregando o <em>software</em> HYDRUS 2D/3D, usando dados representativos das propriedades físicas e hidrogeológicas do meio no local. Os cálculos consideram os fluxos da água e da vinhaça em regime permanente, em um meio poroso homogêneo e isotrópico representando os sedimentos da Formação Rio Claro. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que para os cenários hipotéticos, aqui apresentados, íons provenientes da vinhaça, em determinadas concentrações, podem apresentar alto potencial de contaminação tanto de águas subterrâneas como superficiais. Os resultados servem como alerta para a vulnerabilidade de áreas com cenários similares, quais sejam, de intensa fertirrigação com vinhaça. </p>
Cognitive Tools for Design Engineers: A Framework for the Development of Intelligent CAD Systems
Authors: Wood Stephen L. , Bahr Gisela Susanne , Ritter Marc 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Great design engineers are highly creative and unorthodox individuals who invent novel solutions that satisfy a set of constraints that are often ill-defined and customer driven. Designers use many tools to develop their designs, such as computer aided design (CAD) systems, that do not support the cognition that drives the design process. This paper develops the cognitive psychological background, a state of the practice based rationale for CAD enhancement and the research framework for cognitive CAD tools that support the design engineer during the creative problem solving process through reasoning and meaningful design alternatives. The research framework presented here was initially created for the development of cognitive tools for mechanical design but is transferable to other design disciplines. At the core of the research plan are the development and implementation of an artificial memory that is interpreted with real-time data analyses supported by machine learning, and made accessible to the design engineer through interaction design for intelligent CAD (iCAD).