bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Specific Surface Area of Carbon Fine Particles Including Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Synthesized by Hot-Filament Plasma Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Yamada Ryuhei , Masaki Yasuhiro , Hayashi Yasuaki 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTCarbon fine particles including single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were synthesized by hot-filament and plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition. Specific surface area was evaluated for carbon fine particles synthesized under optimized conditions along with purified SWNTs and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) for comparison. The value of specific surface area for the synthesized carbon fine particles was smaller than the SWNTs, but larger than the MWNTs. Pore size distribution was analyzed with desorption isotherms by the DH method. Although smaller pores are included in the purified SWNTs than the synthesized carbon fine particles, pores of size larger than several nm were included more in the synthesized carbon fine particles.
Structural Requirements for Surface-Induced Aromatic Stabilization
Authors: Hosokai Takuya , Yonezawa Keiichirou , Kato Kengo , Makino Rintaro , Yang Jinpeng , Koswattage Kaveenga Rasika , Gerlach Alexander , Schreiber Frank , Ueno Nobuo , Kera Satoshi 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTSurface-induced aromatic stabilization (SIAS), a recently proposed mechanism leading to a formation of charge-transfer (CT) states at organic/metal (O/M) interfaces [G. Heimel, et al., Nat. Chem.5, 187 (2013)], was investigated for an aromatic hydrocarbon, diindenoperylene (DIP), by means of synchrotron radiation-based ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). By employing DIP and noble metal substrates (Ag and Cu), we confirmed the formation of CT states, indicating that an inclusion of a specific functional group with a hetero-atom within adsorbate molecules as suggested before is not necessarily required for the formation of CT states mediated by the SIAS. With a comparison of the mother and analogue molecules, perylene and PTCDA, we discuss the structural requirement for the realization of the SIAS.
Characterization of Silicon Oxides Formed by Light-Induced Anodisation for Silicon Solar Cell Surface Passivation
Authors: Cui Jie , Wang Xi , Opila Robert , Lennon Alison 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTIn this paper we report the properties of the anodic silicon dioxide film formed using light-induced anodisation (LIA) method and its potential to be used as surface passivation layer of p-type silicon surfaces of silicon solar cells. The high uniformity of the formed oxide is possibly due to the uniform drift of the positive charge carriers in the silicon to the surface being anodised. The oxide grows at higher rate than that in nitric acid, an oxide layer with thickness of 18 nm can be formed by anodising for 10 min with 15 V bias in 0.5 M sulphuric acid. After annealing in oxygen and then forming gas at 400 °C for 30 min, an average effective carrier lifetime of 120 μs was measured by quasi-steady state photoluminance on 180 μm p-type 3-5 Ohm cm Cz silicon wafers, with a value of 110 μs being measured for the same wafers passivated by a thermally-grown oxide of the same thickness. The properties of the anodic silicon dioxide layers formed by LIA have been characterized by ellipsometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, quasi-steady state photoluminance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Effect of Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide on Surface Segregation and Phase Formation in La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δThin Films
Authors: Yu Yang , Cetin Deniz , Luo Heng , Lin Xi , Ludwig Karl , Pal Uday , Gopalan Srikanth , Basu Soumendra 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThis study investigates Sr surface segregation behavior and phase formation in La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ(LSCF), a commonly used cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). (100)-oriented LSCF thin films were deposited on (110)-oriented NdGaO3(NGO) substrates by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). The samples were annealed in atmospheres with various CO2partial pressures at 800°C. Using the synchrotron technique of Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF), surface segregation in these thin films were quantified. The morphological changes at the surface were examined by AFM studies. The kinetics and thermodynamics of the segregation are discussed.
Contact Angles in Imaginary Number Space: A Novel Tool for Probing the Remaining Mysteries of Ultrahydrophilicity and Superhydrophilicity.
Authors: Jennissen Herbert P. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTImaginary contact angles underlying hyperhydrophilicity and the Inverse Lotus Effect introduce a fundamental new development in the area of contact angles and wettability. Just as the Lotus Effect expanded hydrophobicity beyond the maximal contact angle of 119° on a smooth surface, the Inverse Lotus Effect expands hydrophilicity beyond the minimal contact angle of 0° on a smooth surface. Imaginary dynamic contact angles thus offer an exciting enhancement in tools and methodology for measuring the wettability on rough, highly hydrophilic surfaces. Contrary to current thinking, full or perfect wetting of rough surfaces is only little understood and cannot be predicted by classical equations. Therefore also the exact physical basis of imaginary dynamic contact angles remains to be elucidated. In this short treatise some aspects of the new field will be treated with examples derived from rough titanium surfaces employed in the medical field.
Methodology for evaluate the form deviations for formula one nose car
Authors: Bere Paul , Neamtu Calin 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThe paper presents a measuring strategy for a Formula One car using a Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) and a 3D laser scanning devices. The measurement procedures outlined the dimensional deviation of the CAD model and prototype made of composite material. The authors present two methods for the determination of symmetry for components of a Formula One car based on measuring and 3D scanning.
Influence of different materials on the microstructure and optical band gap of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles
Authors: Mallick P. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Composites of hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles with different materials (NiO, TiO2, MnO2 and Bi2O3) were synthesized. Effects of different materials on the microstructure and optical band gap of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were studied. Crystallite size and strain analysis indicated that the pure α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles were influenced by the presence of different materials in the composite sample. Crystallite size and strain estimated for all the samples followed opposite trends. However, the value of direct band gap decreased from ∼2.67 eV for the pure α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles to ∼2.5 eV for α-Fe2O3 composites with different materials. The value of indirect band gap, on the other hand, increased for all composite samples except for α-Fe2O3/Bi2O3.
Optimising sulfuric acid hard coat anodising for an Al-Mg-Si wrought aluminium alloy
Authors: Bartolo N. , Sinagra E. , Mallia B. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This research evaluates the effects of sulfuric acid hard coat anodising parameters, such as acid concentration, electrolyte temperature, current density and time, on the hardness and thickness of the resultant anodised layers. A small scale anodising facility was designed and set up to enable experimental investigation of the anodising parameters. An experimental design using the Taguchi method to optimise the parameters within an established operating window was performed. Qualitative and quantitative methods of characterisation of the resultant anodised layers were carried out. The anodised layer’s thickness, and morphology were determined using a light optical microscope (LOM) and field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM). Hardness measurements were carried out using a nano hardness tester. Correlations between the various anodising parameters and their effect on the hardness and thickness of the anodised layers were established. Careful evaluation of these effects enabled optimum parameters to be determined using the Taguchi method, which were verified experimentally. Anodised layers having hardness varying between 2.4–5.2 GPa and a thickness of between 20–80 μm were produced. The Taguchi method was shown to be applicable to anodising. This finding could facilitate on-going and future research and development of anodising, which is attracting remarkable academic and industrial interest.
Neuromonitoring with pulse-train stimulation for implantation of thoracic pedicle screws: a blinded and randomized clinical study. Part 1. Methods and alarm criteria
Authors: Calancie Blair , Donohue Miriam L. , Harris Colin B. , Canute Gregory W. , Singla Amit , Wilcoxen Kaitlin G. , Moquin Ross R. 
Published: April 2014

ObjectReports of the accuracy of existing neuromonitoring methods for detecting or preventing medial malpositioning of thoracic pedicle screws have varied widely in their claimed effectiveness. The object of this study was to develop, test, and validate a novel neuromonitoring method for preventing medial malpositioning of pedicle screws in the thoracic spine during surgery.MethodsThis is a prospective, blinded and randomized study using a novel combination of input (4-pulse stimulus trains delivered within the pedicle track) and output (evoked electromyography from leg muscles) to detect pedicle track trajectories that—once implanted with a screw—would cause that screw to breach the pedicle's medial wall and encroach upon the spinal canal. For comparison, the authors also used screw stimulation as an input and evoked electromyogram from intercostal and abdominal muscles as output measures. Intraoperative electrophysiological findings were compared with postoperative CT scans by multiple reviewers blinded to patient identity or intraoperative findings.ResultsData were collected from 71 patients, in whom 802 screws were implanted between the T-1 and L-1 vertebral levels. A total of 32 screws ended up with screw threads encroaching on the spinal canal by at least 2 mm. Pulse-train stimulation within the pedicle track using a ball-tipped probe and electromyography from lower limb muscles correctly predicted all 32 (100%) of these medially malpositioned screws. The combination of pedicle track stimulation and electromyogram response from leg muscles proved to be far more effective in predicting these medially malpositioned screws than was direct screw stimulation and any of the target muscles (intercostal, abdominal, or lower limb muscles) we monitored. Based on receiver operating characteristic analysis, the combination of 10-mA (lower alarm) and 15-mA stimulation intensities proved most effective for detection of pedicle tracks that ultimately gave rise to medially malpositioned screws. Additional results pertaining to the impact of feedback of these test results on surgical decision making are provided in the companion report.ConclusionsThis novel neuromonitoring approach accurately predicts medially malpositioned thoracic screws. The approach could be readily implemented within any surgical program that is already using contemporary neuromonitoring methods that include transcranial stimulation for monitoring motor evoked potentials.
Development of novel, exon‐primed intron‐crossing (EPIC) markers from EST databases and evaluation of their phylogenetic utility in Commiphora (Burseraceae)
Authors: Gostel Morgan R. , Weeks Andrea 
Published: April 2014

• Premise of the study: Novel nuclear exon‐primed intron‐crossing (EPIC) markers were developed to increase phylogenetic resolution among recently diverged lineages in the frankincense and myrrh family, Burseraceae, using Citrus, Arabidopsis, and Oryza genome resources.• Methods and Results: Primer pairs for 48 nuclear introns were developed using the genome resource IntrEST and were screened using species of Commiphora and other Burseraceae taxa. Four putative intron regions (RPT6A, BXL2, mtATP Synthase D, and Rab6) sequenced successfully for multiple taxa and recovered phylogenies consistent with those of existing studies. In some cases, these regions yielded informative sequence variation on par with that of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer.• Conclusions: The combination of freely available genome resources and our design criteria have uncovered four single‐copy nuclear intron regions that are useful for phylogenetic reconstruction of Burseraceae taxa. Because our EPIC primers also amplify Arabidopsis, we recommend their trial in other rosid and eudicot lineages.
Toward prospective reasoning in design: an essay on relationships among designers' reasoning, business strategies, and innovation
Authors: Liem André 
Published: April 2014

Le concepteur d’un produit ou service tente toujours d’anticiper les besoins et les activités humaines de façon à créer de nouveaux artefacts qui seront utiles, simples, efficients et fourniront une expérience utilisateur positive. Mais sur quelle base peut-on appréhender les raisonnements des concepteurs ? Cet article propose une synthèse des modèles de raisonnements en design d’innovation, les commente puis les organise conceptuellement. À partir d’une revue de questions pluridisciplinaires, l’auteur souligne, dans un premier temps, l’existence de quatre approches fondamentales des stratégies de conception : une approche classique fondée sur un retour sur investissement rapide, une approche évolutionniste basée sur la mise en compétition des firmes, une approche processuelle qui souligne l’importance des transactions entre les individus et leur organisation, et enfin une approche systémique qui montre que les individus sont imbriqués dans des systèmes sociaux et économiques interdépendants. Dans un deuxième temps, les modèles de raisonnement en conception sont mis en relation avec les visions philosophiques qui les guident : positive, constructive, pragmatique et inclusive. Ces visions et approches sont finalement croisées de manière à dégager dans un troisième temps, six modèles de raisonnement en conception : le modèle de la résolution de problème, le modèle herméneutique, le modèle de pratique réflexive, le modèle de la participation de l’utilisateur, le modèle de l’implication des communautés sociales et le modèle de l’usage des normes de conception. Finalement, les conclusions indiquent qu’en matière d’ergonomie, le concepteur doit intégrer un raisonnement prospectif qui lui permettra de mieux gérer la complexité des stratégies d’innovations actuelles.
Large salp bloom export from the upper ocean and benthic community response in the abyssal northeast Pacific: Day to week resolution
Authors: Smith K. L., Jr. , Sherman A. D. , Huffard C. L. , McGill P. R. , Henthorn R. , Von Thun S. , Ruhl H. A. , Kahru M. , Ohman M. D. 
Published: April 2014

A large bloom of Salpa spp. in the northeastern Pacific during the spring of 2012 resulted in a major deposition of tunics and fecal pellets on the seafloor at ∼ 4000 m depth (Sta. M) over a period of 6 months. Continuous monitoring of this food pulse was recorded using autonomous instruments: sequencing sediment traps, a time‐lapse camera on the seafloor, and a bottom‐transiting vehicle measuring sediment community oxygen consumption (SCOC). These deep‐sea measurements were complemented by sampling of salps in the epipelagic zone by California Cooperative Ocean Fisheries Investigations. The particulate organic carbon (POC) flux increased sharply beginning in early March, reaching a peak of 38 mg C m−2 d−1 in mid‐April at 3400 m depth. Salp detritus started appearing in images of the seafloor taken in March and covered a daily maximum of 98% of the seafloor from late June to early July. Concurrently, the SCOC rose with increased salp deposition, reaching a high of 31 mg C m−2 d−1 in late June. A dominant megafauna species, Peniagone sp. A, increased 7‐fold in density beginning 7 weeks after the peak in salp deposition. Estimated food supply from salp detritus was 97–327% of the SCOC demand integrated over the 6‐month period starting in March 2012. Such large episodic pulses of food sustain abyssal communities over extended periods of time.
Clear Lens Phacoemulsification in Alport Syndrome: Refractive Results and Electron Microscopic Analysis of the Anterior Lens Capsule
Authors: Bayar Sezin Akca , Pinarci Eylem Yaman , Karabay Gulten , Akman Ahmet , Oto Sibel , Yilmaz Gursel 
Published: April 2014

Purpose To report the ocular findings of patients with Alport syndrome and the results of clear lens extraction in this patient group. Methods Twenty-three eyes of 15 patients with a diagnosis of Alport syndrome were included in this study. Clear corneal phacoemulsification and intraocular foldable lens implantation was performed in eyes with indeterminate refractive errors and/or poor visual acuity and anterior capsule samples were analyzed with electron microscopy. Results All patients had a history of hereditary nephritis and/or deafness as systemic involvement. Ophthalmologic examination revealed anterior lenticonus with high myopia and/or irregular astigmatism in all patients. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.67 ± 0.17 logMAR (range 1.0-0.4) preoperatively and 0.17 ± 0.08 logMAR (range 0.3-0.0) postoperatively. Postoperative refractive lenticular astigmatism dramatically decreased and no ocular complications arose during the follow-up period. Transmission electron microscopic analysis of the lens capsules supported the diagnosis of Alport syndrome. Conclusions Clear lens phacoemulsification and foldable intraocular lens implantation is a safe and effective therapeutic choice for the management of uncorrectable refractive errors and low visual acuity due to anterior lenticonus in patients with Alport syndrome.
Cataract Formation: A Possible Complication of Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Retinoblastoma
Authors: Suesskind Daniela , Schrader Merle , Foerster Michael H. , Ernemann Ulrike , Aisenbrey Sabine 
Published: April 2014

Purpose To delineate and discuss a not yet described possible ocular complication of selective intra-arterial chemotherapy (SIAC) for treatment of retinoblastoma. Methods A 23-month-old girl with a large unilateral retinoblastoma was treated with repeated SIAC using 5 mg melphalan between July 2010 and January 2012. Clinical course of tumor and further ocular changes after therapy and histopathologic findings are described. Results In total, 5 SIAC were performed over a time period of 18 months. After the last SIAC, diffuse dense cataract prevented further funduscopy. In addition, anterior chamber seeding was obvious, leading to the decision to enucleate the eye. Histopathologically, nearly complete regression of the main tumor mass with prominent calcifications, but vital tumor seeding in the vitreous, on the lens surface, on the ciliary body, and in the anterior chamber, was observed. Peculiar vacuolation of the lens epithelial cells, liquefaction of the subepithelial lens fibers, and diffuse small vacuoles within the lens were striking. Conclusions Repeated SIAC with melphalan may induce cataract formation, possibly as a toxic effect of the chemotherapeutic to the lens, maybe combined with radiation exposure during fluoroscopy. This ocular complication should be taken into consideration as a limitation of the number of feasible repeated treatments.
CD24 Gene Polymorphism - A Novel Prognostic Factor in Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Sadot Eran , Kraus Sarah , Stein Michael , Naboishchikov Ilana , Toledano Ohad , Kazanov Dina , Arber Nadir , Kashtan Hanoch 
Published: April 2014

Background The CD24 gene has been correlated with poor prognosis of various malignancies. The significance of CD24 in esophageal cancer remains unknown. Our aim was to evaluate the association between CD24 genetic polymorphism and esophageal cancer. Materials and Methods Between June 2011 and May 2012 patients with esophageal cancer and healthy controls were prospectively enrolled and clinicopathological data were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed to determine CD24 polymorphism at the coding region of CD24, which results in a substitution of the amino acid Ala by Val. Statistical significance was determined by unpaired t-test, χ2-test, and Fisher's exact test. Results A total of 102 patients were included, of whom 51 had esophageal cancer and the rest comprised a healthy control group. The incidence of the polymorphism variant (Val/Val) among the healthy subjects and the esophageal cancer cohort was 6% in both groups. The incidence of N3 (metastasis in 7 or more regional lymph nodes) was markedly higher in those esophageal cancer patients who carried the polymorphism variant compared with those who did not carry it (66% and 2%, respectively, p=0.007). No significant difference was found between the groups with regard to age, gender, histology type, tumor location, tumor stage, and other histological characteristics of the tumor. Conclusions This CD24 polymorphism may serve as a novel prognostic marker identifying esophageal cancer patients with poor prognosis. Further studies are warranted to evaluate CD24 function and to validate its predictive potential with regard to esophageal cancer.
Considerations for Start-Up Biotech Company Valuation
Authors: Bratic Walter , Blok Justin R , Gostola Megan M 
Published: April 2014

The prospect of government regulation, product liabilityÂ lawsuits, and customer reliance on third-party payers contribute to the complexity of valuing biotech start-ups. In addition, the inherent complexity of biologic drug manufacturing and storage creates secondary risks that must be considered in a valuation.
The Amputation Prevention Initiative
Authors: Cook Emily A. , Cook Jeremy J. , Labre Magdala Peixoto , Givens Howard , DiResta James J. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundThe Amputation Prevention Initiative is a project conducted jointly by the Massachusetts Public Health Association and the Massachusetts Podiatric Medical Society that seeks to study methods to reduce nontraumatic lower-extremity amputations from diabetes.MethodsTo determine the rate of diabetes-related lower-extremity amputations in Massachusetts and identify the groups most at risk, hospital billing and discharge data were analyzed. To examine the components of the diabetic foot examination routinely performed by general practitioners, surveys were conducted in conjunction with physician meetings in Massachusetts (n = 149) and in six other states (n = 490).ResultsThe average age-adjusted number of diabetes-related lower-extremity amputations in 2004 was 30.8 per 100,000 and 5.3 per 1,000 diabetic patients in MA, with high-risk groups being identified as men and black individuals. Among the general practitioners surveyed in Massachusetts, only 2.01% reported routinely conducting all four key components of the diabetic foot examination, with 28.86% reporting not performing any components.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that many general practitioners may be failing to perform the major components of the diabetic foot examination believed to prevent foot ulcers and lower-extremity amputations.