bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Transient Wellbore Temperature During Diagnostic Fracture Injection Tests
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: February 2015

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 166120, ’Modeling Wellbore Transient Fluid Temperature and Pressure During Diagnostic Fracture Injection Testing in Unconventional Reservoirs,’ by B. Nojabaei, SPE, The Pennsylvania State University, A.R. Hasan, SPE, Texas A&M University, and C.S. Kabir, SPE, Hess, prepared for the 2013 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, New Orleans, 30 September-2 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Diagnostic fracture injection tests (DFITs) have gained widespread usage in the evaluation of unconventional reservoirs. In typical field operations, pressure is measured at the wellhead, not at the bottom of the hole. The bottomhole pressure (BHP) is obtained by adding a constant hydrostatic head of the water column to the wellhead pressure (WHP) at each timestep. One can question the soundness of this practice because of significant changes in temperature that occur in the wellbore, leading to changes in density and compressibility throughout the fluid column. This paper offers an analytical model for estimating the transient temperature at a given depth and timestep, for computing the BHP.
Temperature Model During Pressure-Falloff Test
After a well is shut in at the surface, afterflow at the sandface is negligible because of low formation permeability. Upon cessation of injection, the cold injection water begins to gain heat from the surroundings. Heat transfer during flowing and shut-in conditions has been modeled with an energy-balance equation, accounting for various resistances to heat transfer. The resulting differential equations are solved numerically. However, with robust assumptions, an analytical expression can be developed for transient fluid temperature during falloff. The heat flow from the formation into the wellbore raises the internal energy of the fluid and of the composite tubing/casing/ cement material. Please see the complete paper for the quantitative expression.
Field Example
Modeling Temperature Transient During Falloff Test.
The pressure-computation algorithm entails two steps. First, the temperature is evaluated as a function of time at various depths throughout the wellbore. As expected, the temperature at well bottom will exhibit the largest excursion. Second, the fluid properties of density and compressibility are evaluated at each depth step corresponding to the temperature profile, leading to the BHP estimation at a given timestep.
Improved Understanding of Climate Change Impact to Pennsylvania Dairy Pasture
Authors: Jiang Mingkai , Felzer Benjamin S. , Hargreaves Bruce , Zhang Jien 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACTPasture can be either a source or a sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide, depending primarily on climate and land management. In the absence of specific data on pasture in the northeastern United States, the parameterization of ecosystem models for carbon and energy flux has been based on data from grasslands in the Great Plains (United States), where climate is more arid and less management intensive than in the eastern United States. Models have not been adequately parameterized to simulate carbon dynamics under managed dairy grasslands in the humid eastern United States. This paper aims to provide TEM‐Hydro2—a terrestrial ecosystems model—with region‐specific dairy pasture parameterization in Pennsylvania to more realistically determine humid grassland dynamics under a changing climate. Through this study, we highlight the importance of considering region‐specific calibration data in reporting realistic ecosystem response to climate change through the comparison to a simulation based on a xeric parameterization. Our field observations indicate that Pennsylvania's more humid climate results in higher carbon and nitrogen flux exchanges between grassland and the atmosphere, but the soil carbon pool is significantly lower compared with the semiarid grassland. Moreover, Pennsylvania pasture is simulated to be more sensitive to climate change based on the region‐specific parameterization. Projected to the end of the 21st century, dairy pasture in Pennsylvania will probably experience increased carbon uptake and soil carbon accumulation under continuous grazing management, while hay production would drastically reduce Pennsylvania dairy pasture's capacity to sequester carbon.
Emergency medicine point-of-care ultrasonography: a national needs assessment of competencies for general and expert practice
Authors: Fischer Lisa M. , Woo Michael Y. , Lee A. Curtis , Wiss Ray , Socransky Steve , Frank Jason R. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractIntroductionEmergency medicine point-of-care ultrasonography (EM-PoCUS) is a core competency for residents in the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada and College of Family Physicians of Canada emergency medicine (EM) training programs. Although EM-PoCUS fellowships are currently offered in Canada, there is little consensus regarding what training should be included in a Canadian EM-PoCUS fellowship curriculum or how this contrasts with the training received in an EM residency.ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic needs assessment of major stakeholders to define the essential elements necessary for a Canadian EM-PoCUS fellowship training curriculum.MethodsWe carried out a national survey of experts in EM-PoCUS, EM residency program directors, and EM residents. Respondents were asked to identify competencies deemed either nonessential to EM practice, essential for general EM practice, essential for advanced EM practice, or essential for EM-PoCUS fellowship trained (‘‘expert’’) practice.ResultsThe response rate was 81% (351 of 435). PoCUS was deemed essential to general EM practice for basic cardiac, aortic, trauma, and procedural imaging. PoCUS was deemed essential to advanced EM practice in undifferentiated symptomatology, advanced chest pathologies, and advanced procedural applications. Expert-level PoCUS competencies were identified for administrative, pediatric, and advanced gynecologic applications. Eighty-seven percent of respondents indicated that there was a need for EM-PoCUS fellowships, with an ideal length of 6 months.ConclusionThis is the first needs assessment of major stakeholders in Canada to identify competencies for expert training in EM-PoCUS. The competencies should form the basis for EM-PoCUS fellowship programs in Canada.
Introduction. Illégalité et gouvernement des territoires. Rapports au droit et usages du droit dans la production, la gestion et la régulation des territoires
Authors: Maccaglia Fabrizio 
Published: February 2015

Ce dossier traite de l’État et de la production des territoires à partir de la question de l’illégalité et des jeux de contournement. Le territoire n’est pas seulement le produit de pratiques et d’activités illégales, un ensemble de lieux où celles-ci se matérialisent et se donnent à voir ; le territoire est également une instance au travers de laquelle l’État et la société se construisent mutuellement via l’illégalité. Le territoire est notamment le lieu où les individus interprètent les discours des acteurs étatiques en fonction desquels ils ajustent leurs conduites, se représentent cet objet appelé État et mettent en mots leur rapport à l’État. Au-delà de l’analyse des pratiques ou de situations illégales dans l’espace, il s’agit de réfléchir à ce que ces pratiques et situations nous disent des règles en vigueur dans une société donnée et du fonctionnement de ses institutions. Il s’agit de mener, pour reprendre les mots de Jean-François Médard (1991), une « exploration empirique de l’expérience étatique ». Il ne s’agit pas d’analyser l’État mais son fonctionnement et le rapport que les individus entretiennent avec lui, pour observer les conditions de production des territoires et de leurs mécanismes de régulation.
Feux nocturnes d'Edirnekapı. Territoires de l'informel et évolutions des régulations urbaines à Istanbul
Authors: Dorso Franck 
Published: February 2015

La muraille terrestre d’Istanbul compose un territoire identifié de l’informel, dans ses trois principaux registres : habitat, activités économiques, pratiques quotidiennes. Ces usages parviennent à se maintenir envers les discours et opérations sporadiques de « nettoyage », car ils remplissent un rôle régulateur à plusieurs niveaux : économique, urbain, social, psychologique et symbolique. Des compromis pratiques s’établissent entre les différents acteurs impliqués, usagers comme autorités, pour maintenir ces « soupapes » régulatrices de la vie urbaine et plus globalement sociale, reconnues comme utiles mais illégitimes. Une chronique des quinze dernières années de ce territoire permet de mettre en regard les stabilités et résiliences à l’œuvre avec des changements amenés dans ces processus par les pratiques récentes de régénération urbaine.
David, Paul Drach, à la recherche d'une harmonie religieuse
Authors: Landau Philippe-Efraïm 
Published: February 2015

Sous la Restauration, l’Église recouvre son autorité d’autrefois alors que le judaïsme est reconnu par les autorités politiques et que les juifs poursuivent leur intégration annoncée par la Révolution française. Parmi eux, un individu se distingue. David Drach est le premier rabbin bachelier, polyglotte et gendre du grand rabbin du Consistoire central. Un bel avenir s’offre à lui mais le 29 mars 1823, il est converti en la cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris. Pour l’Église, cette abjuration signifie une victoire spirituelle sur le judaïsme. Durant quarante ans, le néophyte Paul, Louis, Bernard Drach va se consacrer à l’étude comparative des deux religions. Justifiant son acte, il encourage ses anciens coreligionnaires à suivre son exemple. Bien avant les frères Ratisbonne, par une démarche savante et élitiste, il entreprend en solitaire une œuvre pour conduire les israélites à la vérité chrétienne. Dans ses nombreux travaux apologétiques, il tente ainsi de démontrer que le catholicisme serait l’aboutissement du judaïsme et le retour à la foi originelle des Hébreux. Ses ouvrages, dont De l’Harmonie entre l’Église et la Synagogue (1844), marquent durablement les esprits du XIX e siècle et influencent encore les exégètes. Sa démarche intellectuelle et personnelle interroge cependant les historiens. Fils de l’Émancipation, David ou Paul Drach fut-il en avance sur son siècle ou son destin exprimait-il les fragilités d’un judaïsme qui s’ouvrait à la modernité ?
Entre émancipation et conversion. Dilemmes juifs en Hongrie dans la première moitié du XIX e siècle
Authors: Konrád Miklós 
Published: February 2015

Suite à un bref rappel de la situation des Juifs en Hongrie à l’ère du Vormärz, l’article expose les discours des contemporains – juifs et chrétiens – sur la conversion des juifs, présente les quelques informations statistiques disponibles au sujet du nombre et du profil social des Juifs convertis au cours de cette période, pour finalement dresser le portrait de quatre hommes, deux hommes d’affaires et deux intellectuels, convertis entre 1825 et 1848, en s’efforçant de montrer ce que les données statistiques sur le profil des convertis ne peuvent révéler : la complexité et la multiplicité simultanées des possibles motivations qui conduisirent les juifs de cette époque à abandonner la religion et la communauté juives.
T Cell Expansion Is the Limiting Factor of Virus Control in Mice with Attenuated TCR Signaling: Implications for Human Immunodeficiency
Authors: Hillen Kristina M. , Gather Ruth , Enders Anselm , Pircher Hanspeter , Aichele Peter , Fisch Paul , Blumenthal Britta , Schamel Wolfgang W. , Straub Tobias , Goodnow Christopher C. , Ehl Stephan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Defining the minimal thresholds for effective antiviral T cell immunity is important for clinical decisions in immunodeficient patients. TCR signaling is critical for T cell development, activation, and effector functions. In this article, we analyzed which of these TCR-mediated processes is limiting for antiviral immunity in a mouse strain with reduced expression of SLP-76 (twp mice). Despite severe T cell activation defects in vitro, twp mice generated a normal proportion of antiviral effector T cells postinfection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Twp CD8+ T cells showed impaired polyfunctional cytokine production, whereas cytotoxicity as the crucial antiviral effector function for LCMV control was normal. The main limiting factor in the antiviral response of twp mice was impaired T cell proliferation and survival, leading to a 5- to 10-fold reduction of antiviral T cells at the peak of the immune response. This was still sufficient to control infection with the LCMV Armstrong strain, but the more rapidly replicating LCMV-WE induced T cell exhaustion and viral persistence. Thus, under conditions of impaired TCR signaling, reduced T cell expansion was the limiting factor in antiviral immunity. These findings have implications for understanding antiviral immunity in patients with T cell deficiencies.
IL2RA Genetic Variants Reduce IL-2–Dependent Responses and Aggravate Human Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Oliveira Pablo R. S. , Dessein Hélia , Romano Audrey , Cabantous Sandrine , de Brito Maria E. F. , Santoro Ferrucio , Pitta Maira G. R. , Pereira Valéria , Pontes-de-Carvalho Lain C. , Rodrigues Virmondes , Rafati Sima , Argiro Laurent , Dessein Alain J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The outcome of Leishmania infections varies substantially, depending on the host and the parasite strain; infection may be asymptomatic or cause mild or severe skin ulcers (cutaneous leishmaniasis [CL]), limited or disseminated lesions, or lethal visceral disease. We previously reported an association between IL-2R mutations and susceptibility to visceral leishmaniasis in children infected with Leishmania donovani. In the present study, we evaluated the possible role of IL-2 signaling in human CL. We first showed that the transcripts of several genes of the IL-2 pathway were abundant in skin lesions caused by Leishmania braziliensis. We then carried out a genetic analysis, focusing on major genes of the IL-2 pathway. We used a family-based approach and found that polymorphisms of several genes appeared to be associated with CL in a Brazilian population. Moreover, two polymorphisms of the IL2RA gene were significantly and independently associated with CL. We confirmed this result in a second Brazilian sample (also exposed to L. braziliensis) and in Iranians infected with Leishmania tropica: IL2RA rs10905669 T (Pcombined = 6 × 10−7) and IL2RA rs706778 T (Pcombined = 2 × 10−9) were associated with greater susceptibility to lesion development. These alleles were also correlated with a poor IFN-γ response and poor FOXP3+ regulatory T cell activation. Thus, IL-2 plays a crucial role in protection against the cutaneous ulcers caused by Leishmania, and the IL-2 pathway is a potential target for strategies aiming to control Leishmania-related diseases.
Positional Identification ofRT1-B(HLA-DQ) as Susceptibility Locus for Autoimmune Arthritis
Authors: Haag Sabrina , Tuncel Jonatan , Thordardottir Soley , Mason Daniel E. , Yau Anthony C. Y. , Dobritzsch Doreen , Bäcklund Johan , Peters Eric C. , Holmdahl Rikard 
Published: February 2015

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with amino acid variants in multiple MHC molecules. The association to MHC class II (MHC-II) has been studied in several animal models of RA. In most cases these models depend on T cells restricted to a single immunodominant peptide of the immunizing Ag, which does not resemble the autoreactive T cells in RA. An exception is pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) in the rat where polyclonal T cells induce chronic arthritis after being primed against endogenous Ags. In this study, we used a mixed genetic and functional approach to show that RT1-Ba and RT1-Bb (RT1-B locus), the rat orthologs of HLA-DQA and HLA-DQB, determine the onset and severity of PIA. We isolated a 0.2-Mb interval within the MHC-II locus of three MHC-congenic strains, of which two were protected from severe PIA. Comparison of sequence and expression variation, as well as in vivo blocking of RT1-B and RT1-D (HLA-DR), showed that arthritis in these strains is regulated by coding polymorphisms in the RT1-B genes. Motif prediction based on MHC-II eluted peptides and structural homology modeling suggested that variants in the RT1-B P1 pocket, which likely affect the editing capacity by RT1-DM, are important for the development of PIA.
Comparative Evaluation of Heat-Polymerized and Auto-Polymerized Soft Liners with Regard to Transverse Bond Strength, Peel Bond Strength and Water Sorption: An in vitro Study
Authors: Krishnappan Prasanna Laxmi , Jaiesh Ragavendra , Swaminathan TN 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This is an in vitro study for comparative evaluation of transverse bond strength, peel bond strength and water sorption properties between heat polymerized and auto-polymerized resins.

Materials and methods
Two denture soft liners (Molloplast-B, Coe-Soft) were investigated. A total number of 60 specimens were used. Twenty specimens were used for evaluation of each physical property of soft liner. For transverse bond strength, ten specimens (64 ⨯ 2.5 ⨯ 10 mm) of each liner were made by processing the denture liners with heat cure polymethyl methacrylate (Meliodent). All specimens for transverse bond strength were conducted on samples immersed in distilled water at 37°C for 50 hours by using three-point transverse flexural tests in a Lloyd's Universal Testing Machine and transverse bond strength was calculated based on the maximum load, span length, breadth and thickness. Another set of ten specimens of (75 ⨯ 25 ⨯ 3 mm) of each denture liner were bonded over 25 mm of heat cure PMMA and separated over the remaining 50 mm of acrylic plate to estimate the peel bond strength. The peel bond strength were conducted on specimens which were dried at room temperature for 48 hours and tested at 21 1 ± C in a Lloyd's testing machine that was linked to an IBM Compatible Computer. The specimens were deformed with a cross head speed of 5 mm/minute according to ASTMD-903 and peel bond strength was calculated when peel angle was 180°. For water sorption tests, ten disc shaped samples of each liner of 50 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in thickness were fabricated. After polymerization of the liners, the samples were then stored in distilled water at 37°C for 7 days. After one week, excess moisture was removed and each sample was weighed using electronic weighing machine.

Results
The transverse bond strength of Molloplast-B and Coe-Soft were almost similar and did not show any significant difference in their values. But, there is a significant decrease in the peel bond strength and water sorption property of Molloplast-B and Coe-Soft.

Conclusion
The reason for transverse bond strength results being similar for both the liners is because they were polymerized chemically with the denture base resins and this chemical affinity could have made its bond strength almost equal. Since, there is a decrease in the peel bond strength of Molloplast-B, the chances of stripping of the liner at the flanges of the denture is minimal. The decrease in water sorption of Molloplast-B can be expected to retain the bond with the denture and sustain the resilience property of the material for a longer time.

How to cite this article
Krishnappan PL, Jaiesh R, Swa- minathan TN. Comparative Evaluation of Heat-Polymerized and Auto-Polymerized Soft Liners with Regard to Transverse Bond Strength, Peel Bond Strength and Water Sorption: An in vitro Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(3):61-67.
Clinical Reliability of Different Facial Measurements in Determining Vertical Dimension of Occlusion in Dentulous and Edentulous Subjects
Authors: Singh Yashpal , Brar Anchal , Mattoo Khurshid A , Singh Manas , Khurana Puneet Raj Singh , Singh Mayank 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To determine the variations in average distances between various facial landmarks used to determine the vertical dimension of rest and occlusion among dentulous and edentulous subjects. Besides determining the reliability of these facial measurements against commonly used Chin-Nose distance, this study would also compare the difference between cephalometric landmarks (anterior nasal Spine-Menton) with the Chin-Nose distance (Niswonger's method).

Materials and methods
To standardize the measurement and minimize errors associated with observer and subject movement, a novel instrument was designed in the form of an apparatus and was named as subject and device stabilizing apparatus (SDSA). One hundred and twenty subjects, in the age group of 30 to 60 years, were selected and divided into two equal groups which were further subdivided into subgroups. Measurements were recorded with the help of a digital vernier that was attached to the apparatus. The various facial measure- ments studied were Pupil-Stomion, Glabella-Subnasion, Pupil-Pupil and Angle-Angle both at rest and in occlusion. These measurements were then compared with Chin-Nose and anterior nasal Spine-Menton distance. Differences between the dentulous and edentulous subjects at rest and at occlusion were noted and statistically analyzed using unpaired ‘t’ test and Karl Pearson correlation coefficient.

Results
Among the six measurements Chin-Nose, Glabella- Subnasion, Pupil-Stomion and anterior nasal Spine-Menton were closely associated between dentulous and edentulous subjects both at rest and at occlusion. Among all facial and cephalometric measurement the facial parameter of Pupil- Stomion illustrates the least deviation in edentulous (1.318) and dentulous (1.381) subjects at rest, whereas anterior nasal Spine-Menton displays least deviation in edentulous (2.751) and dentulous (1.224) subjects at occlusion.

Conclusion
The average facial measurements in dentulous subjects were more than measurements in edentulous subjects and among various facial measurements, Pupil-Stomion and anterior nasal Spine-Menton distance can be used clinically as a guide to verify vertical dimension of occlusion.

How to cite this article
Brar A, Mattoo KA, Singh Y, Singh M, Khurana PRS, Singh M. Clinical Reliability of Different Facial Measurements in Determining Vertical Dimension of Occlusion in Dentulous and Edentulous Subjects. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(3):68-77.