bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1885 – N-acetylcystein In The Treatment Of Skin-picking Disorder
Authors: Jesus G. , Silva-Netto R.A. , Nogueira M. , Tavares H. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionN-acetylcystein (NAC) is a precursor to the amino acid cysteine, which participates in antioxidant mechanisms through glutathione production and plays a role as a modulator of the glutamatergic system of neurotransmission. Thus, NAC may exert therapeutic effect in psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesReview the potential therapeutic effects of NAC in psychiatry, with main focus on syndromes of the obsessiveimpulsive spectrum, namely skin-picking disorder (SPD), with report of a case series.MethodsReview of literature collected under key-words “n-acetylcysteine; psychiatric”, “skin-picking disorder”. Report of a series of three cases of patients with SPD treated with NAC.ResultsThe three patients were being treated for different multi-impulse control disorders, all of them suffering from SPD. In combination with previously given pharmacological agents, they were administered NAC in dosages from 1200 to 1800 mg/day. All patients had great improvement of skin picking behaviours resistant to other treatments. It was also observed that worsening of symptoms occurred after stopping the NAC and restarting the drug led to new remission of symptoms.DiscussionStudies suggest that modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission may decrease compulsive behaviors such as skin-picking, by influencing the reward reinforcement pathway. NAC may be used to achieve this modulation. The fact that in the case series stopping/re-starting the NAC corresponded respectively to worsening/improvement of symptoms, suggests direct relation between treatment with NAC and remission of SPD.ConclusionSPD is a prevalent and insufficiently studied condition and randomized controlled studies are needed to ascertain the potential benefits of NAC for patients with the disorder.
1889 – Molecular Genetic Study Of Schizophrenia
Authors: Barylnik J. , Kolesnichenko E. , Abrosimova J. , Pakhomova S. , Borodulin V. , Samoilova D. 
Published: July 2013

The genetic determinism with such mental illnesses as schizophrenia has been insufficiently studied.The aim of our study was to analyze the association of Val66Met polymorphism (Val allele and Met) for the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF gene) with the efficiency of therapy in patients with schizophrenia.Were examined 142 patients with paranoid schizophrenia. All patients received different versions of antipsychotic pharmacotherapy.Was found that the presence of Met allele genotype for the studied BDNF gene polymorphism determines a tendency to a more malignant clinical course with resistance to antipsychotic treatment in patients with paranoid schizophrenia. The results of molecular genetic analysis of schizophrenia will lead to better treatment this disorder and may be used in medical and genetic counseling.
1896 – Executive Functions And Impulsivity In Alcohol Dependence: Focus On Drinking Behaviour
Authors: Tedeschi D. , Martinotti G. , Di Nicola M. , De Vita O. , Hatzigiakoumis D.S. , Pozzi G. , Janiri L. 
Published: July 2013

There is increasing consensus on the notion of addiction as a brain disorder characterized by longstanding changes in cognitive functioning, especially in so-called executive functions. Recent evidences indicate that specific components of executive functions, considered the domain of the frontal lobes, including dysfunctional impulsivity, could be considered a hallmark of addiction.Aim of the present study was to explore the domain of executive functions in abstinent non comorbid alcohol dependent subjects, in comparison with matched non clinical controls. Any relationship with impulsivity and drinking behaviour (binge drinking) was also investigated.We used a selective battery of neuropsychological tests designed to assess several components of executive functions, including fluency, working memory, analogical reasoning, interference and cognitive flexibility, attention, concentration, problem solving strategy and abstract reasoning. BIS-11 was also administered to explore impulsivity levels.Significant differences in many of the domains explored between alcohol dependent patients and controls have been founded. Intriguingly, impulsivity in alcoholics seems to not inhibit cognitive performance. Data about binge drinking will be also presented.Our results show that alcohol dependent patients present a weaker performance in all the domains referable to executive functions when compared to controls. Disruptions in inhibitory control are central to many theories of addiction; the inhibitory activities of the Frontal and Prefrontal Cortex, are particularly important when an individual needs to over-ride a reflexive response, such as a craving response to drug-related cues.
1898 – Psychomotor Agitation In a Psychiatric Emergency Service
Authors: Ferreira P.M. , Guerra C. , Silva A. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionPsychomotor agitation is a relatively frequent condition in Psychiatric Emergency Services. It consists in excessive motor activity and without purpose, with high tension and inability to maintain attention. It carries the risk of compromising the physical integrity of the patient himself or others, usually accompanied by hostility and destructive and / or aggressive behaviors.ObjectivesThe authors intend to describe the epidemiological characteristics and the approach of agitated patients in a Psychiatric Emergency Service.MethodsIt was randomly selected a sample of 52 patients who attended the Metropolitan Psychiatric Emergency Service at Centro Hospitalar São João - Oporto for episode of moderate to severe psychomotor agitation, from January 2012 to August 2012.The authors proceeded to retrospective data collection, including gender, age, diagnosis, the need of physical restraint, the psychotropic therapy instituted and the medical orientation of the patients.ResultsIn a sample where the average age of patients is 39.7 years and in which 54% are women, the most common diagnoses were psychosis and manic episodes.Physical restraint was required in 17% of patients and 48% accepted oral treatment. Diazepam and olanzapine were the most used drugs orally and haloperidol was the most frequent intramuscular / intravenous treatment.Hospitalization was required in 73% patients.ConclusionsWith the development of new psychotropic drugs, including benzodiazepines and antipsychotics, the need of physical restraint decreased. In agitated patients, immediate action is essential to enable effective and rapid control of symptoms, as most situations are serious and require hospitalization.
1903 – Effect Of a Single Dose Of Methadone On Saccadic Refixations In Opioid Addicted Subjects With Hiv (+) And Hiv (-)
Authors: Feit J. , Nowińska E. , Pasgreta K. , Lasoń W. , Walecki P. , Gorzelańczyk E.J. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionEye movements are closely related to cognitive and emotional functions. Information of saccadic dynamics during certain tasks may indicate disorders of mental functions that can help to explain the neurobiology of sensory-motor systems and be useful in neuropsychiatric diagnosis.Aims/objectivesThis study aims to assess the impact of a therapeutic dose of methadone on eye movements (saccades) in opioid addicted subjects with HIV(+) and HIV(-).MethodsSixty patients (29 patients with HIV(-) and 31 of HIV(+)) from the substitution program were examined. The examination was conducted twice: before and 1,5 hours after the administration of a therapeutic dose of methadone. Performed Latency Test (LT) with saccadometr diagnostic system.ResultsMean duration of latency measured by LT Test after the administration of a therapeutic dose of methadone increases significantly in HIV(-) subjects but the mean peak velocity decrease in the study group. Mean peak velocity latency in HIV(+) subjects is not statistically significant. Mean duration and amplitude of latency after the administration of a therapeutic dose of methadone is a statistically significant in opioid addicted subjects with HIV(+). It was found that the mean peak velocity before the administration of a therapeutic dose of methadone was statistically significantly different in HIV(-) subjects as compared to HIV(+) ones.ConclusionThe increase of saccadic refixation parameters values in opioid-addicted subjects after the administration of a therapeutic dose of methadone was observed.
1907 – Can Somatization Be An Expressive Channel For Living Kidney Donors? “egyptian Study”
Authors: El-Bahaey W. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundLiving kidney donors (LKDs) are usually motivated by their willingness to save a near relative's life besides adopting altruistic attitude which reduce their concern about the risks of post-donation morbidity or mortality. They rarely express psychological suffering related to donation, with the possibility that this suffering takes an indirect pathway to be expressed such as via somatic complaints. objectives: To assess the prevalence of unexplained somatic symptoms among LKDs and the factors contributing to its existence.Subjects and methods50 LKDs who were almost related to their recipients. Both physical and psychiatric examination was done for them besides psychometric assessment with Middle Sex Hospital Questionnaire (MSHQ).Results58% of donors (Ds) had somatic complaints, but only 16% had underlying physical causes for it and the other 42% were considered to have unexplained somatic symptoms (USSs). The mean score of Ds on the somatization subscale of MSHQ (7.12 ±3.67) was significantly higher than their mean score on other subscales. Females had higher score than males, and the current physical status of recipients rather than that of donors was the most influential on the degree of somatization.ConclusionUSSs are common among LKDs and seem to be a substitution for expressing anxious or depressive feelings. More psychological care -pre- and post-donation- should be afforded to living donors to avoid selection of risky subjects and to minimize the development of post donation conflicts.
1908 – Brain Morphology Of Subjects With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder With And Without Antipsychotic Medication - The Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Moilanen J. , Huhtaniska S. , Haapea M. , Jääskeläinen E. , Veijola J. , Isohanni M. , Koponen H. , Miettunen J. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionRecently many studies have suggested more brain morphometric changes occurring in people with schizophrenia who use antipsychotic medication compared to those who do not.ObjectivesWe will study the brain morphology of subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorder with and without antipsychotic medication.AimOur aim was to compare the brain morphology of subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorder with and without antipsychotic medication after in average ten years of illness, and analyse the association between cumulative dose of lifetime antipsychotic medication and brain morphology.MethodsData of 66 subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorder (mean duration of illness 10.4 years) from the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort were gathered by interview and from hospital records. Structural MRI data at age 34 years were acquired from all participants on a GE Signa system operating at 1.5T.ResultsOf the subjects 16 (24%) had taken no antipsychotics during the previous year. We found no significant differences on total grey matter volumes (TGM) between subjects with and without antipsychotic medication. In the voxel-based analyses subjects with medication had lower volume in left parahippocampal gurys (p = 0.003), when adjusted for sex, onset age, TGM and remission status. There were no associations between lifetime antipsychotic dose and brain morphology.ConclusionsWe were able to study effects of antipsychotic medication in population-based sample. Brain morphology in medicated and non-medicated persons were similar and the cumulative lifetime medication had no effect on brain morphology, which suggests that possible medication effect in cross-sectional measures of brain morphology is small.
1911 – Does Childhood Adversity Account For Poorer Mental Health In Second Generation Irish People Living In Britain? Birth Cohort Study From Britain
Authors: Das-Munshi J. , Clark C. , Dewey M.E. , Leavey G. , Stansfeld S.A. , Prince M.J. 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundWorldwide, the Irish diaspora experience elevated psychiatric morbidity across generations, not accounted for through socioeconomic position. The present study assessed the contribution of intergenerational migration and settlementrelated adversity in accounting for adult mental health, in second generation Irish people.MethodsAnalysis of prospective data from a nationally representative birth cohort from Britain, comprising 17,000 babies born in a single week in 1958 and followed up to mid-life. Common mental disorders were assessed at age 44/ 45.ResultsRelative to the rest of the cohort, second generation Irish children grew up in marked material and social disadvantage, which tracked into early adulthood. By mid-life, parity was reached between second generation Irish cohort members and the rest of the sample on most disadvantage indicators. At age 23 Irish cohort members were more likely to screen positive for common mental disorders (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.94). This had reduced slightly by mid-life (OR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.69). Adjustment for childhood and early adulthood adversity fully attenuated differences in adult mental health disadvantages.ConclusionsSocial and material disadvantage experienced in childhood continues to have long-range adverse effects on mental health at mid-life, in second generation Irish cohort members. This suggests important mechanisms over the lifecourse, which may have important policy implications in the settlement of migrant families.
1922 – The Evaluation Of Negative Symptoms By Videoconferencing In a Clinical Trial
Authors: Williams J.B.W. , Popp D. , Osman D.A. , Cohen E.A. , Detke M.J. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionNegative syndromes in Schizophrenia are of increasing interest to drug developers. Several assessment strategies have emerged for identifying negative symptoms including the NSA-16, PANSS negative symptom subscale and the Marder subscale. Assessment of patients with schizophrenia by videoconferencing has been shown to yield results equivalent to those obtained when the scale is administered face-to-face.ObjectivesTo assess remote assessment of negative symptoms including blinding to protocol details and visit number, effectively eliminating enrollment and expectation biases.AimsTo assess whether negative symptom scales can be reliably assessed in a clinical trial by videoconferencing.MethodsThe PANSS and the NSA-16 were administered to 227 subjects with schizophrenia in a randomized clinical trial via live videoconferencing by 17 blinded independent central raters. Subjects were interviewed at screen, at 11 more visits over 36 weeks, and at endpoint or 1 year. On a subset of subjects, a senior clinician observed and independently rated the PANSS and NSA as a quality control measure.ResultsICCs between raters and observing trainers were .98 on the NSA total score (N = 65 pairs) and .96 on the PANSS total score (N = 69 pairs). ICCs of individual NSA items ranged from .72-1.0, with a mean ICC of .91. ICCs of PANSS subscales ranged from .94 -.96 with ICCs of .95 for the Marder subscale and .94 for the negative subscale.ConclusionExcellent item-level ICCs for the NSA suggest that negative symptoms can be rated reliably by videoconferencing using well-calibrated blinded independent raters.
1925 – The Frequency Of Different Types Of Seizures In Children Suffered From Autism And Epilepsy
Authors: Jedrzejczyk-Goral B. , Flisiak-Antonijczuk H. , Kalinowski R. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to analyze the medical history and EEG records of children diagnosed with Autism and Epilepsy in order to assess the frequency of different types of seizures in this group.Methods30 patients (aged 4-26 years) diagnosed with Children Autism and Epilepsy were included in the study. Based on the interview with parents and video-EEG records the analysis of seizures was carried out. Video-EEG of each patients was performed during sleep.ResultsBased on the interview the following types of seizures were found: in 5 patients febrile seizures, in 20 patients partial seizures (in 3 patients generalized), in 11 patients generalized tonic-clonic and tonic seizures, in 5 atypical absence, in 3 simple partial seizures, in 2 mioclonic seizures. The analysis of EEG records revealed that in majority of patients abnormal temporal and parietal activity was observed (in 22 and 20 patients, respectively). In 15 patients generalized seizures were found. One patient was diagnosed with Landau-Kleffner Syndrome.ConclusionsIn patients diagnosed with Autism and Epilepsy, complex partial and generalized seizures were the most common types of seizures. In EEG records generalized seizures and abnormal activity appearing mostly in temporal and parietal areas were found.
1931 – Attention Problems In Childhood And Substance Use 18 Years Later
Authors: Galéra C. , Pingault J.-B. , Fombonne E. , Michel G. , Lagarde E. , Bouvard M.-P. , Melchior M. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been linked to substance use disorders later in life. However, the unique contribution of ADHD is not clarified yet. Insufficient research in this area has considered first substance use, associated behavioral problems and female gender in longitudinal and community settings.AimsTo study the association between childhood attention problems and substance use 18 years later.MethodUsing a French community sample of 1103 youths followed from 1991 to 2009, we tested associations between childhood attention problems (dimensional constructs) and substance use between ages 22 and 35, adjusting for potential childhood and family confounders.ResultsIndividuals with high levels of childhood attention problems presented higher rates of substance use (regular tobacco smoking, alcohol abuse/dependence, cannabis problematic use, cocaine lifetime use). However, when taking into account other childhood behavioral problems, early substance use, academic difficulties and family adversity, childhood attention problems were only related to regular tobacco smoking and cocaine lifetime use.ConclusionsThis longitudinal community-based study shows that, except for tobacco and cocaine, the association between childhood attention problems and substance use is confounded by a range of early risk factors.
1935 – Neurotoxicity And Valproic Acid-induced Hyperammonemia - Three Case Reports
Authors: Esteves-Pereira M. , Rodrigues D. , Bouça J. , Ribeiro-Silva R. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionValproic acid (VA) is an effective mood stabilizer. Although it's usually well tolerated, it may cause hyperammonemia through carnitine deficiency created by its inhibition of mitochondrial enzymes in the urea cycle. Clinical presentation of hyperammonemia usually involves lethargy and somnolence but this diagnosis is often overlooked due to a clinical presentation that may include normal liver enzyme tests and serum VA levels within therapeutic range.ObjectivesTo present case-reports of VA-induced encephalopathy and a review study regarding the theme available in Medline.AimBrief literature review.MethodThree case-reports are presented and literature of this theme shortly reviewed.ResultsThe authors present cases of three adult females with Personality Disorder with lack of impulse control and Bipolar Disorder who have began treatment with VA and presented in the Emergency Department with generalized weakness and confusion. Subsequently, they developed hyperammonemia, despite its therapeutic serum levels and normal liver enzymes. În all cases the patient's mental status and ammonia level returned to baseline following discontinuation of VA.ConclusionsConfusion with VA is a serious, rather frequent but reversible side affect. It has been reported that VA can interfere with the enzyme carbamoylphosphate synthetase, which is responsible for incorporating ammonia into the urea cycle. It can also increase the transport of glutamine across the mitochondrial membrane in the kidney, thereby increasing the production of ammonia causing neurotoxicity. Clinicians should be aware of changes in patient's cognitive and functional capacity, especially in elderly patients and during the first two weeks of treatment.
1937 – Awareness And Adherence To Driving Guidelines Of Psychotropic Medication Prescription: a Brief Survey Of Clinical Practice (uk)
Authors: Kumar S. 
Published: July 2013

IntroductionIn many European countries, doctors and patients are required to inform their respective driving authorities of their condition and treatment. However, in the UK, there is no means to monitor performance and check if such advice is given during the treatment.AimsThe purpose of the survey was to evaluate the awareness and adherence to the DVLA (UK) guidelines about psychiatric diagnoses and the impact of psychotropic medications on skills such as driving.MethodA questionnaire on clinical practice and advice given to patients about driving to mental health diagnoses and medication was sent out to psychiatrists working in the local hospital. The responses were collated and analysed for trends.ResultsOut of 42 doctors, 36 responded and 34 responses were eligible. The survey revealed that though all the doctors were aware of the guidelines only 38% discussed this with their patients. 50% of the doctors did not refer to guidelines and admitted of giving superficial advice to their patients. 50% of the doctors did not discuss the effect of medication on their motor abilities, concentration and sedation.About 60% of the times the advice was only verbal and not documented.ConclusionsPsychiatrists have a duty of care to inform the patients and document the advice on driving when they newly diagnose and start treatment. The survey suggests that the current practice needs further improvement. Psychiatrists should be aware of guidelines and realise the need to check the patients’ driving status and document the advice given.
1939 – Representations Of Mental Illness Constructed By Health Professionals In Primary Care In Brazil: An Integrative Review Of The Brazilian Literature
Authors: Sartori N.R. , Scherer Z.A.P. , Neves Barbosa R.W. , Galhardi C.M. , Martins J.O. , Servilha R.M. 
Published: July 2013

History of madness in Brazil is marked by a disease-centered care and asylum model. With the onset of the psychiatric reform in Brazil, new public health policies that intend to replace the current hospital-centered model for people with mental disorders are being considered and articulated with other substitute services. Until recently the responsible for these individuals have been mental health experts in Ambulatory Health Services, with the new policies primary care professionals are also responsible. Studies show that not all primary care professionals have the same perception and understanding in relation to the care of the person with mental disorder, demonstrating resistance to care for these individuals.ObjectivesTo assess the knowledge produced in Brazilian literature on the social representations of madness on the part of health professionals in primary care.MethodIntegrative review. The question that guided this study was: what are the health professionals’ social representations about madness in primary care?ResultsSix articles were selected; the articles were written by nurses, psychologists and psychiatrists and published in refereed journals. All articles were qualitative and published between 2005 and 2012.ConclusionProfessionals are centered in an organicist model, on the doctor, on medicalization, and have ambiguous and often unscientific concepts about mental illness. Some believe there is no cure or improvement for mental illness, relate aggression and violence to mental illness, and admit to having little knowledge about mental health and feel unprepared to work with these individuals. Social reintegration practices were not identified.