bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reach out to one and you reach out to many: Social touch affects third‐party observers
Authors: Schirmer Annett , Reece Christy , Zhao Claris , Ng Erik , Wu Esther , Yen Shih‐Cheng 
Published: March 2014

Casual social touch influences emotional perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours of interaction partners. We asked whether these influences extend to third‐party observers. To this end, we developed the Social Touch Picture Set comprising line drawings of dyadic interactions, half of which entailed publicly acceptable casual touch and half of which served as no‐touch controls. In Experiment 1, participants provided basic image norms by rating how frequently they observed a displayed touch gesture in everyday life and how comfortable they were observing it. Results implied that some touch gestures were observed more frequently and with greater comfort than others (e.g., handshake vs. hug). All gestures, however, obtained rating scores suitable for inclusion in Experiments 2 and 3. In Experiment 2, participants rated perceived valence, arousal, and likeability of randomly presented touch and no‐touch images without being explicitly informed about touch. Image characters seemed more positive, aroused, and likeable when they touched as compared to when they did not touch. Image characters seemed more negative and aroused, but were equally likeable, when they received touch as compared to when there was no physical contact. In Experiment 3, participants passively viewed touch and no‐touch images while their eye movements were recorded. Differential gazing at touch as compared to no‐touch images emerged within the first 500 ms following image exposure and was largely restricted to the characters' upper body. Gazing at the touching body parts (e.g., hands) was minimal and largely unaffected by touch, suggesting that touch processing occurred outside the focus of visual attention. Together, these findings establish touch as an important visual cue and provide novel insights into how this cue modulates socio‐emotional processing in third‐party observers.
Innovations in Practice: Further evidence on the effectiveness of the strengths and difficulties added value score as an outcome measure for child and adolescent services
Authors: Rotheray Sebastian , Racey Daniel , Rodgers Lauren , McGilloway Sinead , Berry Vashti , Ford Tamsin 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundThe Strengths and Difficulties Added Value Score (SDQ AVS) uses a large epidemiological study to predict follow‐up parental SDQ scores for the evaluation of routine outcomes.MethodWe tested the prediction of the SDQ AVS derived from a national population survey separately on scores for the waiting list control and intervention groups in a randomised controlled trial. If the SDQ AVS is to be clinically useful, it needs to function as expected across different populations.ResultsIn the control arm, the SDQ AVS predicted an effect size of 0.15 (95% CI −0.01–0.30) compared to an expected effect size of 0, as the children in this arm received no treatment. In the experimental arm, the SDQ AVS predicted an effect size of 0.62 (95% CI 0.42–0.83) compared to the study effect size of 0.53. Change scores overestimated the effect size in both arms (control 0.50 95% CI 0.34–0.66, intervention 0.85 95% CI 0.66–1.04).ConclusionOur findings suggest that the SDQ AVS adjusts for spontaneous improvement, regression to the mean and attenuation.
Inhibitors of differentiation‐1 promotes nitrosopyrrolidine‐induced transformation of HPV 16‐immortalized cervical epithelial cell
Authors: Xie Lingxia , Li Jinke , Zhang Yi , Liu Bao , Peng Xue , Lin Yong , Xu Wenming , Hu Lina 
Published: March 2014

Our previous study implied a correlation between inhibitors of differentiation‐1 (Id‐1) and cervical cancer development. However, how Id‐1 contributes to cervical carcinogenesis is unknown. In the present study, we used an in vitro transformation model to investigate the role of Id‐1 in the transformation of cervical cells. Human papillomavirus (HPV)‐immortalized cervical epithelial cells (H8) were successfully transformed by exposure to the carcinogen N‐nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR). The expression of both Id‐1 RNA and protein was significantly increased in transformed H8 cells, suggesting a possible role of Id‐1 in cervical cell transformation. Ectopic expression of Id‐1 in H8 cells potentiated NPYR‐induced cell transformation. In contrast, silencing of Id‐1 suppressed NPYR‐induced H8 cell transformation. In addition, the expression of HPV E6 and E7 oncoproteins was upregulated while that of the tumor suppressors p53 and pRb was suppressed after H8 cell transformation. Our results suggest that Id‐1 plays an oncogenic role in HPV‐related cervical carcinogenesis, which sheds light on cervical cancer development mechanisms and implies that Id‐1 is a potential target for cervical cancer prevention and therapy.
Raising Happy Children Who Succeed in School: Lessons From China and the United States
Authors: Pomerantz Eva M. , Ng Florrie Fei‐Yin , Cheung Cecilia Sin‐Sze , Qu Yang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractChinese children outperform their American counterparts in the academic arena. Although many aspects of Chinese and American children's environments likely contribute to this achievement gap, a key aspect may be learning‐related parenting (e.g., assisting children with homework and responding to children's performance). In this article, we review differences in Chinese and American learning‐related parenting, with attention to the trade‐offs of each culture's style for children's academic and emotional functioning. We consider an integrated style of parenting combining the strengths of the Chinese and American styles to facilitate children's academic and emotional functioning.
On the Links Among Face Processing, Language Processing, and Narrowing During Development
Authors: Pascalis Olivier , Loevenbruck Hélène , Quinn Paul C. , Kandel Sonia , Tanaka James W. , Lee Kang 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFrom the beginning of life, face and language processing are crucial for establishing social communication. Studies on the development of systems for processing faces and language have yielded such similarities as perceptual narrowing across both domains. In this article, we review several functions of human communication, and then describe how the tools used to accomplish those functions are modified by perceptual narrowing. We conclude that narrowing is common to all forms of social communication. We argue that during evolution, social communication engaged different perceptual and cognitive systems—face, facial expression, gesture, vocalization, sound, and oral language—that emerged at different times. These systems are interactive and linked to some extent. In this framework, narrowing can be viewed as a way infants adapt to their native social group.
The effects of folate supplementation on inflammatory factors and biomarkers of oxidative stress in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Bahmani Fereshteh , Karamali Maryam , Shakeri Hossein , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: March 2014

SummaryObjectiveThis study was conducted to determine the effects of folate supplementation on inflammatory factors and biomarkers of oxidative stress among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Design, Patients and MeasurementsThis randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted among 69 women diagnosed with PCOS and aged 18–40 year old. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups receiving the following: (1) folate‐1: 1 mg/d folate supplements (N = 23); (2) folate‐5: 5 mg/d folate supplements (N = 23) and (3) placebo (N = 23) for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at the beginning of the study and after 8 weeks to measure homocysteine (Hcy), inflammatory factors including high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), nitric oxide (NO), biomarkers of oxidative stress including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and homoeostatic model assessment‐beta cell function (HOMA‐B).ResultsSupplementation with 5 mg/d folate resulted in reduced plasma Hcy (−2·23 vs −1·86 and 1·16 μm, respectively, P < 0·05), HOMA‐B (−7·63 vs 1·43 and 13·66, respectively, P < 0·05), serum hs‐CRP (−212·2 vs −262·4 and 729·8 μg/l, respectively, P < 0·05) and plasma MDA concentrations (−0·48 vs −0·24 and 0·69 μm, respectively, P < 0·01) compared with folate‐1 and placebo groups. Furthermore, a significant rise in plasma TAC (0·64 vs −3·53 and −215·47 mm, respectively, P < 0·01) and GSH levels (162·1 vs 195·8 and −158·2 μm, respectively, P < 0·01) was also observed following the administration of 5 mg/d folate supplements compared with folate‐1 and placebo groups.ConclusionsIn conclusion, folate supplementation (5 mg/d) in women with PCOS had beneficial effects on inflammatory factors and biomarkers of oxidative stress.
Annual failure rates and marginal bone‐level changes of immediate compared to conventional loading of dental implants. A systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis
Authors: Engelhardt Sebastian , Papacosta Petros , Rathe Florian , Özen Jülide , Jansen John A. , Junker Rüdiger 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundImmediate loading of dental implants appears to be a successful option. Questions still remain whether annual failure rates (AFRs) as well as annual marginal bone‐level changes are comparable with conventionally loaded implants.HypothesisImmediately loaded implants (≤24 h after implantation) do not show different annual survival rates or peri‐implant bone‐level changes as compared to conventionally loaded implants (≥3 months after implantation).Material and methodsAn electronic search in the National Library of Medicine and in Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials was performed for articles published up to November 2013. Only publications in English were considered. Additionally, the bibliographies of the full‐text papers were searched. Primary outcome variable was percentage AFR; secondary outcome variable was annual radiographic bone‐level change.ResultsElectronic search yielded 154 full‐text articles; ten randomized controlled clinical trials were eventually meta‐analyzed. Annual failure rates were 2.3% and 3.4% for conventionally and immediately loaded implants, respectively. No difference in implant failure rates was found (RR: 0.82). Regarding marginal bone‐level changes, the weighted mean difference (WMD) between immediate and conventional loading amounted to 0.02 mm at 1 year (P > 0.05), to 0.08 mm at 2 years (P > 0.05), −0.10 mm at 3 years (P > 0.05) and −0.3 mm at 5 years (P < 0.05). The totalWMDfor the combined follow‐up was 0.01 mm (P > 0.05).ConclusionNo clinically relevant differences regarding annual failure rates or radiographic bone‐level changes between conventionally and immediately loaded implants can be found for up to 5 years of follow‐up.
Overexpression of BAT3 Alleviates Prion Protein Fragment PrP106‐126‐Induced Neuronal Apoptosis
Authors: Song Zhi‐Qi , Yang Li‐Feng , Wang Yun‐Sheng , Zhu Ting , Zhou Xiang‐Mei , Yin Xiao‐Min , Yao Hong‐Qiang , Zhao De‐Ming 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBackgrounds and aimsPrion diseases are a group of infectious neurodegenerative diseases characterized by neuronal death and degeneration. Human leukocyte antigen‐B‐associated transcript 3 (BAT3) is an important apoptosis regulator. We therefore investigated the interactions between BAT3 and prion protein and the potential role of BAT3 in PrP106‐126‐induced apoptosis.MethodsBAT3 and prion protein were overexpressed in Hela, Neuro2A, or primary neuronal cells by transfection with BAT3‐HA or PRNP‐EGFP expression plasmids and their relationship studied by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The effect of BAT3 on PrP106‐126‐induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis was detected by the CCK‐8 assay and terminal‐deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The expression of cytochrome c and Bcl‐2 was examined by Western blotting.ResultsBAT3 interacted with prion protein and enhanced PrP expression. After PrP106‐126 peptide treated, BAT3 was transported from the nucleus to cytoplasm, increased cell viability, and protected neurons from PrP106‐126‐induced apoptosis through stabilizing the level of Bcl‐2 protein and inhibiting the release of cytochrome c to cytoplasm.ConclusionsOur present data showed a novel molecular mechanism of PrP106‐126‐induced apoptotic process regulation through the overexpression of BAT3, which may be important for the basic regulatory mechanism of neuron survival in prion diseases and associated neurodegenerative diseases in vivo.
A Novel Role of Spinal Astrocytic Connexin 43: Mediating Morphine Antinociceptive Tolerance by Activation of NMDA Receptors and Inhibition of Glutamate Transporter‐1 in Rats
Authors: Shen Ning , Mo Li‐Qiu , Hu Fen , Chen Pei‐Xi , Guo Rui‐Xian , Feng Jian‐Qiang 
Published: March 2014

SummaryAimsConnexin 43 (Cx43) has been reported to be involved in neuropathic pain, but whether it contributes to morphine antinociceptive tolerance remains unknown. The present study investigated the role of spinal Cx43 in the development of morphine tolerance and its mechanisms in rats.MethodsMorphine tolerance was induced by intrathecal (i.t.) administration of morphine (15 μg) daily for seven consecutive days. The analgesia effect was assessed by hot‐water tail‐flick test. Expression of proteins was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry assay.ResultsChronic morphine markedly increased the expression of spinal Cx43. Gap26, a specific Cx43 mimic peptide, attenuated not only morphine antinociceptive tolerance, but also the up‐regulation of spinal Cx43 expression, the activation of astrocytes, and N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors (NR1 and NR2B subunits), as well as the decreased GLT‐1 expression induced by chronic morphine. MK‐801, a noncompetitive NMDA receptors antagonist, suppressed the chronic morphine‐induced spinal Cx43 up‐regulation, astrocytes activation and decline of GLT‐1 expression.ConclusionsThe spinal astrocytic Cx43 contributes to the development of morphine antinociceptive tolerance by activating astrocytes and NMDA receptors, and inhibiting GLT‐1 expression. We also demonstrate that the role of interaction between the spinal astrocytic Cx43 and neuronal NMDA receptors is important in morphine tolerant rats.
Increased Expression of Capn4 is Associated with the Malignancy of Human Glioma
Authors: Cai Jia‐Jun , Qi Zeng‐Xin , Hua Wei , Zhu Jing‐Jing , Zhang Xin , Yao Yu , Mao Ying 
Published: March 2014

SummaryAimsRecent evidence indicates that the increased expression of calpain small subunit 1 (Capn4) is associated with tumorigenesis. This study was designed to explore the role which Capn4 plays in human glioma.MethodsWe detected the expression of Capn4 by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarrays and tissue samples. Following the down‐regulation of Capn4 in glioma cell lines by a specific short hairpin RNA, the function of Capn4 in invasion, migration, and proliferation was assessed. We then evaluated the prognostic role of Capn4 using univariate and multivariate analysis in 94 glioblastoma (GBM) patients.ResultsGlioma tissues exhibited notably higher expression of Capn4 compared with control brain tissues and was positively correlated with histological malignancy. The down‐regulation of Capn4 in glioma cells led to a decrease in invasion and migration in vitro. Through univariate analysis, the prognosis of GBM patients with Capn4 overexpression was significantly poorer with respect to progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Based on the results of the multivariate analysis, Capn4high was demonstrated to be a negative independent prognostic indicator for PFS and OS in GBM patients.ConclusionThe overexpression of Capn4 is a novel negative prognostic marker, and Capn4 may be used as a new target in therapeutic strategies for human glioma.
Isosorbide dinitrate ointment vs botulinum toxin A (Dysport®) as the primary treatment for chronic anal fissure: a randomized multicentre study
Authors: Berkel A. E. M. , Rosman C. , Koop R. , van Duijvendijk P. , van der Palen J. , Klaase J. M. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimNitric oxide donors, such as isosorbide dinitrate ointment (ISDN), are considered as first‐choice agents in the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Injection with botulinum toxin A in the internal anal sphincter is often used as a second‐line therapy, although it may give better results and fewer side effects than nitric oxide donors. The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to investigate whether botulinum toxin A (Dysport®) is more effective than ISDN in the primary treatment of chronic anal fissure.MethodFrom April 2005 until October 2009, 60 patients (32 men) with a median age of 42 (25–82) years were randomized to receive either ISDN 10 mg/ml (1%) (n = 33) or injection with 60 units of Dysport® (n = 27). The primary end‐point was the percentage of complete fissure healing after 8 weeks.ResultsAfter a median of 9 weeks complete fissure healing was noted in 18 of 27 patients in the Dysport® group and in 11 of 33 patients in the ISDN group (P = 0.010). Absolute improvement of pain scores after 9 weeks was similar in both groups (P = 0.733). Patients treated with Dysport® had fewer side effects than patients treated with ISDN (P = 0.028). Of the patients with a healed fissure, 28% of the Dysport® group and 50% of the ISDN group had a recurrence within 1 year (P = 0.286; hazard ratio 2.08; 95% CI = 0.54–7.97).ConclusionDysport® is more effective than ISDN ointment and has fewer side effects in the primary treatment of chronic anal fissure. The recurrence rate within 1 year in both treatment groups is high.
The effect of dye chemical structure on adsorption on activated carbon: a comparative study
Authors: Altaher Hossam , Khalil Tarek E , Abubeah Reda 
Published: March 2014

The effect of the molecular structure of dyes Eriochrome Black T and Bromophenol Blue on their adsorption on the surface of activated carbon manufactured from locally available biosorbent has been studied. Batch experiments were performed to investigate factors that may affect the adsorption process. The effect of stirring rate was investigated in the range 0–240 rpm, with an initial concentration of 4–100 mg/l and a stirring time of 0–400 min. The mechanism and rate of adsorption were investigated for both dyes using pseudo‐first‐order, pseudo‐second‐order, intraparticle diffusion, and liquid film diffusion models. The monolayer adsorption capacities for Eriochrome Black T and Bromophenol Blue were found to be 36.5 and 39.68 mg/g respectively. The difference in dye uptake was attributed to the presence of the electron‐withdrawing bromine group in Bromophenol Blue. Results showed that the Langmuir isotherm best fitted the adsorption of the two dyes on the prepared activated carbon. The pseudo‐second‐order model best fitted the experimental data, and liquid film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion were the controlling adsorption mechanisms.
Learning and consolidation of new spoken words in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Henderson Lisa , Powell Anna , Gareth Gaskell M. , Norbury Courtenay 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by rich heterogeneity in vocabulary knowledge and word knowledge that is not well accounted for by current cognitive theories. This study examines whether individual differences in vocabulary knowledge in ASD might be partly explained by a difficulty with consolidating newly learned spoken words and/or integrating them with existing knowledge. Nineteen boys with ASD and 19 typically developing (TD) boys matched on age and vocabulary knowledge showed similar improvements in recognition and recall of novel words (e.g. ‘biscal’) 24 hours after training, suggesting an intact ability to consolidate explicit knowledge of new spoken word forms. TD children showed competition effects for existing neighbors (e.g. ‘biscuit’) after 24 hours, suggesting that the new words had been integrated with existing knowledge over time. In contrast, children with ASD showed immediate competition effects that were not significant after 24 hours, suggesting a qualitative difference in the time course of lexical integration. These results are considered from the perspective of the dual‐memory systems framework.
Similar weight‐adjusted insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in short‐duration late autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA) and Type 2 diabetes: Action LADA 8
Authors: Juhl C. B. , Bradley U. , Holst J. J. , Leslie R. D. , Yderstraede K. B. , Hunter S. ,   Action LADA Consortium
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimsTo explore insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in people with latent autoimmune diabetes in adulthood (LADA) compared with that in people with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsA total of 12 people with LADA, defined as glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibody positivity and > 1 year of insulin independency (group A) were age‐matched pairwise to people with Type 2 diabetes (group B) and to six people with Type 2 diabetes of similar age and BMI (group C). β‐cell function (first‐phase insulin secretion and assessment of insulin pulsatility), insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp) and metabolic response during a mixed meal were studied.ResultsBoth first‐phase insulin secretion and insulin release during the meal were greater (P = 0.05 and P = 0.009, respectively) in Type 2 diabetes as compared with LADA; these differences were lost on adjustment for BMI (group C) and could be explained by BMI alone in a multivariate analysis. Neither insulin pulsatility, incretin secretion nor insulin sensitivity differed among the groups.ConclusionsWe found no evidence that LADA and Type 2 diabetes were distinct disease entities beyond the differences explained by BMI.
The excess mortality related to cardiovascular diseases and cancer among adults pharmacologically treated for diabetes—the 2001–2006 ENTRED cohort
Authors: Romon I. , Rey G. , Mandereau‐Bruno L. , Weill A. , Jougla E. , Eschwège E. , Simon D. , Druet C. , Fagot‐Campagna A. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimsTo compare the 5‐year mortality (overall and cause‐specific) of a cohort of adults pharmacologically treated for diabetes with that of the rest of the French adult population.MethodsIn 2001, 10 000 adults treated for diabetes were randomly selected from the major French National Health Insurance System database. Vital status and causes of death were successfully extracted from the national registry for 9101 persons. We computed standardized mortality ratios.ResultsOver 5 years, 1388 adults pharmacologically treated for diabetes died (15% of the cohort, 32.4/1000 person‐years). An excess mortality, which decreased with age, was found for both genders [standardized mortality ratio 1.45 (1.37–1.52)]. Excess mortality was related to: hypertensive disease [2.90 (2.50–3.33)], ischaemic heart disease [2.19 (1.93–2.48)], cerebrovascular disease [1.76 (1.52–2.03)], renal failure [2.14 (1.77–2.56)], hepatic failure [2.17 (1.52–3.00)] in both genders and septicaemia among men [1.56 (1.15–2.09)]. An association was also found with cancer‐related mortality: liver cancer in men [3.00 (2.10–4.15)]; pancreatic cancer in women [3.22 (1.94–5.03)]; colon/rectum cancer in both genders [1.66 (1.28–2.12)]. Excess mortality was not observed for breast, lung or stomach cancers.ConclusionsAdults pharmacologically treated for diabetes had a 45% increased risk of mortality at 5 years, mostly related to cardiovascular complications, emphasizing the need for further prevention. The increased risk of mortality from cancer raises questions about the relationship between cancer and diabetes and prompts the need for improved cancer screening in people with diabetes.