bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infections in hospitalized children and young adults with acute leukemia in Morocco
Authors: DePasse Jacqueline , Caniza Miguela A. , Quessar Asmaa , Khattab Mohammad , Hessissen Laila , Ribeiro Raul , Cherkaoui Siham , Benchekroun Said , Matthay Katherine K. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundOverall survival from leukemia is less in low and middle‐income countries than in high‐income countries. Our purpose was to describe the incidence, clinical features, and mortality of febrile illness with or without documented infection in children and young adults treated for AML and ALL in two centers in Rabat and Casablanca during 2011.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients <30 years of age who were newly diagnosed with AML and ALL in 2011 in Casablanca and Rabat. Each patient's chart was evaluated for patient demographics, febrile episodes, chemotherapy regimen, and clinical or microbiological evidence of infection, neutropenia, antibiotics, and mortality.ResultsOne hundred sixty‐six evaluable patients had 228 inpatient febrile episodes. The median number of febrile episodes in AML was three per patient, and for ALL, one per patient. Clinically identified infections mainly included pneumonitis and mucositis. Coagulase negative staphylococcus was the most commonly isolated bacterium, followed by gram‐negative bacteria. Fifty‐three percent of febrile episodes were classified as fever of undetermined origin. Broad‐spectrum antibiotics were routinely used, with the addition of antifungals in 62 episodes and vancomycin in 83 episodes. The rate of deaths per febrile illness was 11.3% (16/141) in patients with AML, and 9.2% (8/87) in patients with ALL.ConclusionThe higher rate of infectious deaths in leukemia compared to that reported in high‐income countries, suggests that improvements in infection care and prevention, including consistent access to rapid hospitalization, diagnostics and antibiotics; and standardizing quality of patient care are necessary to improve as well as survival in patients with leukemia in Morocco. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 916–922. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mixed substituent poly[(vinyloxy)cyclotriphosphazenes]
Authors: Carter Kenneth R. , Allen Christopher W. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe mixed substituent cyclophosphazene monomers N3P3Cl4(OCHCH2)(OCH2CF3) (2) and N3P3Cl3(OCHCH2) (OCH2CF3)2 (3) undergo polymerization under radical initiation conditions to yield the mixed substituent poly[(vinyloxy)cyclotriphosphazenes] [CH2CH(ON3P3Cl4(OCH2CF3))]n(5) and [CH2CH(ON3P3Cl3(OCH2CF3)2)]n (6), respectively. A significant, progressive reduction in molecular weight compared to the parent polymer of the series [CH2CH(ON3P3Cl5)]n (4) was observed and attributed to increased chain transfer. The thermal decomposition of 5 and 6 is similar to that observed for 4 with an exothermic elimination of HCl at modest temperatures. An alternative synthetic pathway involving nucleophilic substitution reactions of 4 provided [CH2CH(ON3P3(OCH2CF3)5)]n (7), [CH2CH(N3P3Cl2(OC6H5)3)]n (8A), [CH2CH(ON3P3Cl1.7(OC6H5)3.3)]n (8B), [CH2CH(ON3P3Cl1.5(NHCH3)3.5)]n (9), [CH2CH(ON3P3Cl3.8 (N(CH2CH3)2)1.2]n (10A), [CH2CH(ON3P3Cl3.4(N(CH2CH3)2)1.6)]n (10B), and [N3P3Cl2(OCHCH2)(N(CH3)2)]n, (11). The thermal behaviors of all of the new polymers were examined by TGA, DTA, DSC, and pyrolysis mass spectrometry. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013
Efficient three‐party encrypted key exchange using trapdoor functions
Authors: Lee Tian‐Fu , Chang I‐Pin , Wang Ching‐Cheng 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThree‐party encrypted key exchange (3PEKE) enables two communicating parties to securely exchange confidential and authenticated information over an insecure network via a trusted server. This investigation presents a novel efficient and secure 3PEKE protocol using a super‐poly‐to‐one trapdoor function. The proposed protocol employs the Diffie–Hellman key exchange and adopts the technique that the clients can publicly exchange the factors for generating the session key without the help of the server to reduce the numbers of transmissions. A round‐efficient version of the proposed 3PEKE protocol is also described. Compared with related approaches, the proposed protocol not only retains security requirements and possesses lower computational cost but also has fewer transmissions and realizes the lower bounds of communications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ON THE MERTENS CONJECTURE FOR ELLIPTIC CURVES OVER FINITE FIELDS
Authors: HUMPHRIES PETER 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe introduce an analogue of the Mertens conjecture for elliptic curves over finite fields. Using a result of Waterhouse, we classify the isogeny classes of elliptic curves for which this conjecture holds in terms of the size of the finite field and the trace of the Frobenius endomorphism acting on the curve.
Genetic ancestry modifies fatty acid concentrations in different adipose tissue depots and milk fat
Authors: Meier Susanne , Verkerk Gwyneth A , Kay Jane K , Macdonald Kevin A , Roche John R 
Published: February 2013

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of cow genetic strain on fatty acid (FA) profiles in adipose tissue and milk. Adipose samples from two subcutaneous (shoulder and tail-head) and three visceral (kidney channel, mesenteric and omental) depots were obtained post mortem from New Zealand (NZ;n = 8) and North American (NA;n = 8) Holstein–Friesian cows. At the time of slaughter cows were in similar body condition (NZ: 4·0 ± 0·03, NA: 4·0 ± 0·02; ±sd) and stage of lactation (NZ: 90 ± 11·2 d; NA: 83 ± 4·3 d; ±sd). Milk was collected during the a.m. milking prior to slaughter and milk fat was extracted. Adipose and milk fat FA were quantified using gas chromatography. NZ cows had a lower proportion of saturated FA in shoulder, tail-head and omental adipose tissue and a greater proportion of mono-unsaturated FA and an elevated Δ9-desaturase index in shoulder and tail-head adipose tissue. The proportions of individual FA differed between adipose depots, with proportions of de-novo FA greater in subcutaneous compared with visceral adipose depots. Milk from NZ cows contained greater concentrations of short chain FA (C8 : 0–12 : 0) and CLA, and lesscis-9 18 : 1 than milk from NA cows. Regression analysis identified moderate associations between milk FA and shoulder adipose tissue FA for 18 : 2 (R2 = 0·24), 18 : 3n − 3 (R2 = 0·39), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (R2 = 0·38). Results from this study support the hypothesis that genetic strain dictates FA profiles in adipose tissue and milk and may alter the metabolic status of the various adipose depots differently. The data further support the premise that genetic strain affects the metabolic status of the various adipose depots differently. Elucidating the mechanisms that regulate the different adipose depots in the NZ and NA strains will increase our understanding of tissue mobilization and replenishment.
Isolating Cognitive and Neurologic HIV Effects in Substance-Dependent, Confounded Cohorts: A Pilot Study
Authors: Byrd Desiree A. , Robinson-Papp Jessica , Mindt Monica Rivera , Mintz Letty , Elliott Kathryn , Lighty Quenesha , Morgello Susan 
Published: February 2013

AbstractControversy exists as to whether effects of HIV infection can be detected in the cognitive profiles of substance users, with methodological differences in degree of control for confounding factors a major contributor to empirical discrepancies. To address this shortcoming, we conducted a small but well-controlled study aimed at isolating HIV neurocognitive (NC) effects in a group of chronic substance users. Thirty HIV-negative substance users were individually matched to 30 HIV-positive substance users on relevant medical and demographic factors, including reading level and methadone therapy status. Results revealed that reading level, methadone maintenance therapy, and positive urine toxicology each exerted significant influence on NC function, and that HIV status was a significant predictor of learning and speeded processing after these control factors were considered. The HIV-positive group also displayed significantly more neurologically assessed motor impairment (p < .05), which was specifically related to impaired cognition in this group and independent of degree of immunocompromise. These data demonstrate the need for increased attention to clinical/demographic characteristics of groups under study. They also show that with applied methodological rigor, the deleterious effects of HIV on cognition can be parsed from substance use, even in small samples with chronic and active use histories. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–11)
TRIVIAL MAXIMAL 1-ORTHOGONAL SUBCATEGORIES FOR AUSLANDER 1-GORENSTEIN ALGEBRAS
Authors: HUANG ZHAOYONG , ZHANG XIAOJIN 
Published: February 2013

AbstractLet $\Lambda $ be an Auslander 1-Gorenstein Artinian algebra with global dimension two. If $\Lambda $ admits a trivial maximal 1-orthogonal subcategory of $\text{mod } \Lambda $, then, for any indecomposable module $M\in \text{mod } \Lambda $, the projective dimension of $M$ is equal to one if and only if its injective dimension is also equal to one, and $M$ is injective if the projective dimension of $M$ is equal to two. In this case, we further get that $\Lambda $ is a tilted algebra.
SOME INDEX FORMULAE ON THE MODULI SPACE OF STABLE PARABOLIC VECTOR BUNDLES
Authors: ALBIN PIERRE , ROCHON FRÉDÉRIC 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe study natural families of $\bar {\partial } $-operators on the moduli space of stable parabolic vector bundles. Applying a families index theorem for hyperbolic cusp operators from our previous work, we find formulae for the Chern characters of the associated index bundles. The contributions from the cusps are explicitly expressed in terms of the Chern characters of natural vector bundles related to the parabolic structure. We show that our result implies formulae for the Chern classes of the associated determinant bundles consistent with a result of Takhtajan and Zograf.
Anti-transglutaminase immunoreactivity and histological lesions of the duodenum in coeliac patients
Authors: Nenna Raffaella , Tiberti Claudio , Petrarca Laura , Mennini Maurizio , Mastrogiorgio Gerarda , Lucantoni Federica , Panimolle Francesca , Pontone Stefano , Bavastrelli Maria , Magliocca Fabio Massimo , Bonamico Margherita 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Coeliac disease (CD) is characterized by several markers, including anti-transglutaminase auto-antibodies (tTGAb) directed against multiple epitopes of the gliadin protein. We aimed to investigate the correlation among CD duodenal lesions, tTGAb titres and the immunoreactivity against tTG constructs. A total of 345 CD patients (209 females, 136 males, overall median age: 7.3 years) were tested for full-length (fl) tTGAb with a fluid-phase radioimmunoassay. Out of the total, 231 patients were also tested for immunoreactivity against tTG fragments (F1: a.a. 227–687 and F2: a.a. 473–687). Patients were classified according to diffuse (D), patchy (P) or bulb (B) histological lesions. All sera were found fltTGAb positive. Patients with D, P and B lesions had a mean Ab index of 0.84±0.39, 0.57±0.39 and 0.45±0.24, respectively. Mean tTGAb titre varied between D and localized (P+B) patients (0.84±0.39 versus 0.52±0.34, P &lt; 0.0001). Overall, 86.1% of patients were F1 auto-antibody (F1Ab) positive (D: 89%, P: 75%, B: 40%; D versus P+B: P = 0.004) and 49% of patients were F2 auto-antibody (F2Ab) positive (D: 53%, P: 19%, B: 10%; D versus P+B: P = 0.0006). Of the D patients 50.7% showed combined F1Ab-F2Ab (D versus P+B: P = 0.001), whereas 60% of B patients were negative for both F1Ab and F2Ab (B versus D: P &lt; 0.0001). Coeliac-specific tTGAb immunoreactivity correlates with the grading and extension of histological duodenal lesions in CD patients at diagnosis. The immunoreactivity against single and combined tTG fragments is significantly higher in patients with D lesions. This is the first evidence of a distinct coeliac-specific immunoreactivity in patients with different duodenal involvement.
Pyroptotic cells externalize eat-me and release find-me signals and are efficiently engulfed by macrophages
Authors: Wang Qiang , Imamura Ryu , Motani Kou , Kushiyama Hiroko , Nagata Shigekazu , Suda Takashi 
Published: February 2013

AbstractPathogenic intracellular bacteria often hijack macrophages for their propagation. The infected macrophages release IL-1β and IL-18 and simultaneously commit suicide, which is called pyroptosis; both responses require caspase-1. Here, we found that pyroptotic cells induced by microbial infection were efficiently engulfed by human monocytic THP-1-cell-derived macrophages or mouse peritoneal macrophages. This engulfment was inhibited by the D89E mutant of milk fat globule (MFG) epidermal growth factor (EGF) factor 8 (MFG-E8; a phosphatidylserine-binding protein) that has been shown previously to inhibit phosphatidylserine-dependent engulfment of apoptotic cells by macrophages, suggesting that the engulfment of pyroptotic cells by macrophages was also phosphatidylserine dependent. Using a pair of cell lines that respectively exhibited pyroptosis or apoptosis after muramyl dipeptide treatment, we showed that both pyroptotic and apoptotic cells bound to a T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing 4 (Tim4; another phosphatidylserine-binding protein)-coated plate, whereas heat-killed necrotic cells did not, indicating that phosphatidylserine was externalized in pyroptosis and apoptosis but not in accidental necrosis. Macrophages engulfed apoptotic cells most efficiently, followed by pyroptotic and then heat-killed necrotic cells. Pyroptotic cells also released a macrophage attractant(s), ‘find-me’ signal, whose activity was diminished by apyrase that degrades nucleoside triphosphate to nucleoside monophosphate. Heat-killed necrotic cells and pyroptotic cells released ATP much more efficiently than apoptotic cells. These results suggest that pyroptotic cells, like apoptotic cells, actively induce phagocytosis by macrophages using ‘eat-me’ and find-me signals. Based on these results, a possible role of coordinated induction of pyroptosis and inflammatory cytokine production is discussed.
Essential role for Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7)-unique cysteines in an intramolecular disulfide bond, proteolytic cleavage and RNA sensing
Authors: Kanno Atsuo , Yamamoto Chikako , Onji Masahiro , Fukui Ryutaro , Saitoh Shin-ichiroh , Motoi Yuji , Shibata Takuma , Matsumoto Fumi , Muta Tatsushi , Miyake Kensuke 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) an innate immune sensor for microbial RNA, erroneously responds to self-derived RNA. To avoid autoimmune responses, TLR7 is suggested to be silenced until the N-terminal half of the TLR7 ectodomain (TLR7N) is cleaved off. Resultant truncated TLR7 (TLR7C) is thought to signal microbial RNA. We here show that TLR7N remains associated with TLR7C through a disulfide bond. By N-terminal amino acid sequencing, TLR7C was found to start at 461E or 462A. The newly established monoclonal anti-TLR7N showed that endogenous TLR7 in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells was almost all cleaved and cleaved TLR7N remained in endolysosomes. TLR7N in endolysosomes was linked with TLR7C by a disulfide bond. In contrast, TLR9 did not have a disulfide bond between TLR9N and TLR9C fragments. Among the cysteines unique to the ectodomain of TLR7 but not TLR9 (Cys98, Cys445, Cys475 and Cys722), Cys98 in TLR7N and Cys475 in TLR7C were required for an intramolecular disulfide bond. These cysteines were also needed for proteolytic cleavage of and RNA sensing by TLR7, but not for TLR7 trafficking from endoplasmic reticulum to endosomes. No response was seen in TLR7 mutants lacking the proteolytic cleavage site or TLR7C alone. These results demonstrate requirement for proteolytic cleavage and TLR7N in TLR7 responses and indicate RNA sensing by TLR7N + TLR7C.
The role of galaxy mergers on the evolution of star clusters
Authors: Renaud Florent , Gieles Mark 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Interacting galaxies favour the formation of star clusters but are also suspected to affect their evolution through an intense and rapidly varying tidal field. Treating this complex behaviour remains out-of-reach of (semi-)analytical studies. By computing the tidal field from galactic models and including it into star-by-star N-body simulations of star clusters, we monitor the structure and mass evolution of a population of clusters in a galaxy major merger, taking the Antennae galaxies (NGC 4038/39) as a prototype. On the long time-scale (∼109 yr), the merger only indirectly affects the evolution of clusters by modifying their orbits in or around the galaxies: the mass-loss of clusters in the merger remnant is faster, while clusters ejected in the tidal debris survive much longer, compared to in an isolated galaxy. The tidal perturbations of the galactic collisions themselves are too short lived and not strong enough to significantly influence the structure and dissolution of realistically dense/massive star clusters.
Transcriptome Responses to Combinations of Stresses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Rasmussen Simon , Barah Pankaj , Suarez-Rodriguez Maria Cristina , Bressendorff Simon , Friis Pia , Costantino Paolo , Bones Atle M. , Nielsen Henrik Bjørn , Mundy John 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
Biotic and abiotic stresses limit agricultural yields, and plants are often simultaneously exposed to multiple stresses. Combinations of stresses such as heat and drought or cold and high light intensity have profound effects on crop performance and yields. Thus, delineation of the regulatory networks and metabolic pathways responding to single and multiple concurrent stresses is required for breeding and engineering crop stress tolerance. Many studies have described transcriptome changes in response to single stresses. However, exposure of plants to a combination of stress factors may require agonistic or antagonistic responses or responses potentially unrelated to responses to the corresponding single stresses. To analyze such responses, we initially compared transcriptome changes in 10 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ecotypes using cold, heat, high-light, salt, and flagellin treatments as single stress factors as well as their double combinations. This revealed that some 61% of the transcriptome changes in response to double stresses were not predic from the responses to single stress treatments. It also showed that plants prioritized between potentially antagonistic responses for only 5% to 10% of the responding transcripts. This indicates that plants have evolved to cope with combinations of stresses and, therefore, may be bred to endure them. In addition, using a subset of this data from the Columbia and Landsberg erecta ecotypes, we have delineated coexpression network modules responding to single and combined stresses.
Freelancing eagles: interpretation as a transient career strategy for skilled migrants
Authors: Akan Ellis Burcu 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the role that transient interpretation jobs play in the career development of skilled migrants.Design/methodology/approachBased on interviews and correspondence with ethnic Albanian interpreters in the USA and Britain, this study analyzes the bonding and bridging effects of transient careers. Respondents include a diverse group of freelancers, as well as volunteer and professional interpreters and the interpretation experiences of the dozen Albanian skilled migrants are analyzed through a grounded theory approach.FindingsInterpretation jobs enable highly‐skilled immigrants to initially sustain themselves abroad while adjusting to the host country. Interpretation is one area where skilled women can find a professional voice. Yet, the social capital value of interpretation exceeds its economic benefits. Migrant interpreters acquire human capital and social and cultural networks through their jobs and pass this “know‐how” to their communities through their volunteer work.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research beyond the limited ethnic scope of the study is necessary to assess the links between migration and translation activism.Practical implicationsAs an initial career choice for migrants, interpretation jobs remain typically transient, ad hoc and low‐wage, and the important functions they provide in economic, social and cultural capital, and their role in enabling migrants to get skilled through their migration remain unrecognized in studies of career development.Social implicationsTalented young immigrants in a transient career also get skilled through their migration process.Originality/valueYoung Albanian interpreters, invisible as immigrants and refugees, are indicative of the potential talent hidden in many such transient careers. The social, economic and cultural gains from interpretation indicate the need to view transient careers as more than short‐term strategies to make a living.
Segmenting multicultural mall visitors: the Israeli case
Authors: Gilboa Shaked , Vilnai‐Yavetz Iris 
Published: February 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is two‐fold: first, to identify segments of mall visitors based on the way they perceive mall attributes, their activities and their visiting patterns; second, to examine whether different social groups are characterized by different mall consumption habits. In addition, the Israeli segmentation will be compared with segmentations of mall visitors in other countries, previously described in the literature.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through a phone intercept survey of 725 respondents comprising a representative sample of Israeli mall visitors.FindingsIn total, three mall visitor segments were found – enthusiasts, recreationals, and utilitarians – validating findings of previous studies conducted in other countries. The three segments differed in perceived mall attributes, mall activities and visiting patterns, and in their consumption behavior (planned versus impulse buying and money spent), as well as in their demographics.Practical implicationsThe results suggest activities and visiting patterns as the best foundations for the preparation of plans to attract mall visitors. Enthusiasts are attracted primarily by the mall's entertainment activities; recreationals look for places to hang out with others; and utilitarians prefer a functional retail mix. Retailers should address each segment separately and make separate plans accordingly.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the consumer behavior literature by validating previous findings of three groups of mall visitors; and to the cross‐cultural literature on mall visitors by shedding light on mall visitors in a multicultural society. In addition, the study offers practical insights for mall managements.