bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use Of Thermal-Hydraulic Computer Program To Help Predict What Happens In The Wellbore During A Subcool Event In Which Live Steam Enters A Production Liner
Authors: Carlson M. R. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The author recently attended the 2015 CHOA/SPE conference "Slugging It Out". There was a very good presentation made by Devon outlining risk analysis for jetting events in the liner. The root cause was identified as a subcool event in the wellbore. A subcool event is known to lead to sand entrainment in production, which eventually affects wellbore and then wellhead integrity.
The presentation will outline what happens when live steam enters a segment of the wellbore and the predicted response. The analysis was conducted with WAHA, which is specialty thermal hydraulics program. The program differs from most SAGD well calculation packages that are based on steady state pressure drops. The program uses a 6 equation formulation.
Liners are affected by thermal expansion due to heating which can have different effects depending on the degree and timing of collapse of the formation around the pipe. The burst and collapse strength of the pipe can be considerably changed. Slots are engineered to keep sand production out. Above the slots the sand grains form a matrix of interconnected grains that bridge across the slot. This is normally determined from a particles size distribution.
Understanding how subcool leads to jetting is critical to determining the root cause of significant liner and tubing damage, expensive workovers and potentially loss of well integrity. Appropriate response depends on understanding the cause.
Management of Steam Flashing in SAGD Completion Design via the Implementation of Flow Control Devices
Authors: Banerjee Sudiptya , Hascakir Berna 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The integrity of Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) wells are often threatened by the very steam that provides the process its name. High rate steam production, or the adiabatic flashing of steam condensate to a vapor state, often creates an environment of "flashing erosion", erosive damage created by the water-cutting effect of high velocity wet steam or the corrosive elements (e.g., carbonic acid) that can be associated with low temperature condensate. Condensate flashing to steam also carries additional risk from "cavitation erosion", erosion of completion equipment that occurs from the sudden shock wave impacts caused by the implosion of small liquid-free zones with the condensate, similar to the well- understood water hammer effect. Conventionally, to prevent the production of live steam or the flashing of steam condensate, operators have relied upon choking production rates based upon monitored temperature differences between injected and produced fluids. However, this methodology based on subcool carries its own risks and undermines the economic viability of SAGD projects. Another approach is to improve conformance of steam injection and fluid production by installing inflow/injection control devices (ICDs) in either, or both, the SAGD injector and producer. If properly designed, these devices in the producer can equalize heel-to-toe influx of bitumen emulsion, provide greater control of the sub-cool, and behave as an autonomous (or self-regulating) valve. This presentation will focus upon this last design objective. By coupling published performance equations for various ICD designs with steam behavior equations, competing designs will be evaluated for their likelihood of steam flashing within a SAGD completion and their respective ability to control flashed steam prior to the steam creating damage in the completion. Further, the discussion will examine possible future avenues of research, such as ICD designs with a steam throttle effect driven through a velocity-sensitive choking of steam production.
Comparison of Direct-Wrap and Slip-On Wire Wrap Screens for Thermal Well Applications
Authors: Van Vliet J. , Hughes M. J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is an extensively used recovery method to produce bitumen and heavy oil from the Western Canadian oil sands. Due to the nature of these unconsolidated, heterogeneous formations, preventing sand production prevention is a concern for operators. Many different control devices are being used to prevent the production of sand, most of which consist of a controlled aperture or matrix as part of a production liner.
Wire-wrap screen (WWS) liners have been used in conventional wells around the world for many years, but they are relatively new to thermal well applications. One area of uncertainty is the relative merits of direct-wrap and slip-on variants. Potential failure modes are identified and the relative performance of these two types of WWS is compared.
The most likely damage mechanisms during well construction are different in cased-hole than in open-hole. In the former, dogleg severity plus compressive and torque loads in the base pipe are generally the limiting factor. In the latter, the major concern is concentrated contact loads between the WWS screen and the formation. During thermal operations, structural stability of common ported base pipe configurations is not a significant concern. Sand control and inflow performance depend on maintaining a consistent wrap wire aperture over wide-ranging formation stress, strain localization, and thermal load paths. In many cases the relevant design considerations are shared by the two WWS variants, but differences are identified and discussed.
Contribution of Modern Steel Concepts and Manufacturing Processes to Optimized Properties of Seamless Steel Tubulars for Thermal Wells
Authors: Klarner J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In the last decade, a lot of Research & Development has been dedicated to the improvement of seamless steel pipe properties. While geometrical properties, like tolerances on outside diameter or wall thickness, are mainly influenced by the parameter in the seamless pipe rolling process, material properties are impacted along the whole process route. Investigations into the impacts of tubular production on material properties and resulting field performance have to consider all of the steps between the raw steel production through to the final heat treatment stage including the hot straightening process. The resulting microstructure of the steel is the basis for all material properties of the final steel pipe.
This presentation will show the parameters influencing the material properties of the tubular products and how these parameters can be used to design tailor-made steel tubular products for applications in the oil and gas industry focusing on thermal wells. Topics discussed will include: How different strengthening mechanisms can be used to get optimized mechanical properties, like high strength combined with excellent toughness.How new steel concepts developed for other industry sectors and applications, like the ultra-high strength steels used in crane construction, can be transferred to the oil & gas industry. This provides that the mechanical response of the material has been suitably checked to meet the field conditions. For example the material behavior during the make-up process of tubular connections can affect the performance of the connection.How state-of-the-art micro alloying concepts can be used to resolve the contradiction between high strength and excellent corrosion resistance (e.g. against H2S).
This paper will illustrate how, in order to achieve optimized steel tubular properties for the oil and gas industry, alternative materials may be selected. The specific focus will be on steel tubular products used in thermal wells, e.g. looking at thermal related properties. However it is essential that proper consideration be given to the whole life time of these products: from the production process through to the conditions of the application.
Oil Sand Characterization for Standalone Screen Design and Large-Scale Laboratory Testing for Thermal Operations
Authors: Mahmoudi Mahdi , Fattahpour Vahidoddin , Nouri Alireza , Yao Ting , Baudet Beatrice Anne , Leitch Michael 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Oil sand characterization tests are essential for the selection and evaluation of sand control devices. Current approaches for screen selection and evaluation usually rely on Particle Size Distribution (PSD) and neglect the effect of important parameters such as porosity, grain shape and frictional properties. One aim of this study is to characterize oil sand's mechanical, geometrical and size characteristics that should be considered in the completion design. Another objective is to determine if natural mixture of oil sand could be reasonably replicated with commercial sands for large-scale sand control evaluation tests.
In this paper we present the results of a comprehensive image analysis and laser sieve analysis on oil sand samples from the McMurray Formation to quantify geometrical grain characteristics (sphericity, aspect ratio, convexity and angularity) of the sand grains and establish the PSD of the samples. Direct shear tests were performed to assess the frictional characteristics of different oil sands around the liner under variable stress conditions during the SAGD well lifecycle.
Image analysis, PSD, and direct shear tests showed that natural mixture of oil sand could be successfully simulated with commercial sands in terms of size and shape of grains and mechanical properties. This conclusion is significant to those performing large-scale sand control evaluation tests that usually require large quantities of sands that are not readily available and require significant preparation.
This paper provides the first comprehensive investigation of the granular, and geomechanical characteristics of oil sand from the McMurray Formation. The paper discusses the missing parameters in the design of sand control device, and evaluates test methods that measure those parameters. The proposed testing program could be used as a benchmark for oil sand characterization in relation to the design and evaluation of sand control device.
Comprehensive Numerical Modeling of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Water Resource Recovery Facilities
Authors: Kim Dongwook , Bowen James D. , Kinnear David 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT: A numerical model was developed to comprehensively predict greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from water resource recovery facilities. An existing activated sludge model was extended to include a nitrifier‐denitrification process and carbon dioxide (CO2) as a state variable. The bioreactor model was coupled to a process‐based digester model and an empirical model of indirect CO2 emissions. Direct emissions were approximately 90% of total GHG emissions for a plantwide simulation using the Modified Ludzack–Ettinger process. Biogenic CO2, nitrous oxide (N2O), and methane (CH4) represented 10, 43, and 34% of total emissions. Simulating a dissolved oxygen controlled closed‐loop system reduced both sensitivity and uncertainty of GHG emissions. Nitrous oxide emissions were much more sensitive under different design and operating conditions compared to CH4 and CO2, indicating a significant mitigation potential. An uncertainty analysis found that the uncertainty in GHGs emissions estimates could be significant. Nitrous oxide emissions dominated in both magnitude and uncertainty.
Modeling Sulfides, pH and Hydrogen Sulfide Gas in the Sewers of San Francisco
Authors: Vollertsen Jes , Revilla Nohemy , Hvitved‐Jacobsen Thorkild , Nielsen Asbjørn Haaning 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT: An extensive measuring campaign targeted on sewer odor problems was undertaken in San Francisco. It was assessed whether a conceptual sewer process model could reproduce the measured concentrations of total sulfide in the wastewater and H2S gas in the sewer atmosphere, and to which degree such simulations have potential for further improving odor and sulfide management. The campaign covered measurement of wastewater sulfide by grab sampling and diurnal sampling, and H2S gas in the sewer atmosphere was logged. The tested model was based on the Wastewater Aerobic/Anaerobic Transformations in Sewers (WATS) sewer process concept, which never had been calibrated to such an extensive dataset. The study showed that the model was capable of reproducing the general levels of wastewater sulfide, wastewater pH, and sewer H2S gas. It could also reproduce the general variability of these parameters, albeit with some uncertainty. It was concluded that the model could be applied for the purpose in mind.
Diversity of extracellular vesicles in human ejaculates revealed by cryo‐electron microscopy
Authors: Höög Johanna L. , Lötvall Jan 
Published: November 2015

Human ejaculates contain extracellular vesicles (EVs), that to a large extent are considered to originate from the prostate gland, and are often denominated “prostasomes.” These EVs are important for human fertility, for example by promoting sperm motility and by inducing immune tolerance of the female immune system to the spermatozoa. So far, the EVs present in human ejaculate have not been studied in their native state, inside the seminal fluid without prior purification and isolation procedures. Using cryo‐electron microscopy and tomography, we performed a comprehensive inventory of human ejaculate EVs. The sample was neither centrifuged, fixed, filtered or sectioned, nor were heavy metals added. Approximately 1,500 extracellular structures were imaged and categorized. The extracellular environment of human ejaculate was found to be diverse, with 5 major subcategories of EVs and 6 subcategories of extracellular membrane compartments, including lamellar bodies. Furthermore, 3 morphological features, including electron density, double membrane bilayers and coated surface, are described in all subcategories. This study reveals that the extracellular environment in human ejaculate is multifaceted. Several novel morphological EV subcategories are identified and clues to their cellular origin may be found in their morphology. This inventory is therefore important for developing future experimental approaches, and to interpret previously published data to understand the role of EVs for human male fertility.
Development of microsatellite markers for the apomictic triploid fern Myriopteris lindheimeri (Pteridaceae)
Authors: Grusz Amanda L. , Pryer Kathleen M. 
Published: November 2015

Premise of the study:Microsatellite markers were developed for investigating the population dynamics of Myriopteris lindheimeri (Pteridaceae), an apomictic triploid fern endemic to deserts of the southwestern United States and Mexico.Methods and Results:Using 454 sequencing, 21 microsatellite markers were developed. Of these, 14 were polymorphic with up to five alleles per locus and eight markers amplified in one or more congeneric close relatives (M. covillei, M. fendleri, M. aurea, and M. rufa). To demonstrate marker utility, M. lindheimeri samples from three Arizona populations were genotyped at nine loci. For each population, diversity measures including percent polymorphic loci, frequency of heterozygotes across all loci, and genotypic diversity were calculated. Across the three populations, on average, 63% of loci were polymorphic, the average frequency of heterozygotes (across all loci) was 0.32, and average genotypic diversity was 0.34.Conclusions:These markers provide a foundation for future studies exploring polyploidy and apomixis in myriopterid ferns.
Polymorphic SSR markers for Plasmopara obducens (Peronosporaceae), the newly emergent downy mildew pathogen of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae)
Authors: Salgado‐Salazar Catalina , Rivera Yazmín , Veltri Daniel , Crouch Jo Anne 
Published: November 2015

Premise of the study:Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed for Plasmopara obducens, the causal agent of the newly emergent downy mildew disease of Impatiens walleriana.Methods and Results:A 202‐Mb draft genome assembly was generated from P. obducens using Illumina technology and mined to identify 13,483 SSR motifs. Primers were synthesized for 62 marker candidates, of which 37 generated reliable PCR products. Testing of the 37 markers using 96 P. obducens samples showed 96% of the markers were polymorphic, with 2−6 alleles observed. Observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.000−0.892 and 0.023−0.746, respectively. Just 17 markers were sufficient to identify all multilocus genotypes.Conclusions:These are the first SSR markers available for this pathogen, and one of the first molecular resources. These markers will be useful in assessing variation in pathogen populations and determining the factors contributing to the emergence of destructive impatiens downy mildew disease.
Analysis of Heterogeneous Concepts during Projection of Facilities of Good Manufacturing Practice and Human Biobank
Authors: Spiroski Ivo 
Published: November 2015

The aim of this thesis is to analyse and to present heterogeneous concepts during projection of facilities of good manufacturing practice and human biobank.Feasibility study for bio banks of stem cells is prepared for one current health institution in Republic of Macedonia. The space covers 105 square meters for biobank for stem cells, as well as additional space. With this projects program are defined requested needs of the investor during preparation of the basic project for the biobank for stem cells. The prepared architectural – constructive solution allow smooth flow of the technology defined by the investor. The solution is optimal related to the function, construction and economics. It was established that in the Republic of Macedonia there is not present any kind of bank for stem cells, but there are present several liaison offices for collection and deposition of stem cells from several foreign countries. It is necessary to project, construct and to put in function several banks for stem cells in the Republic of Macedonia in order to fulfil the needs of patients with malignant diseases.
La chambre d’enfant
Authors: Roucous Nathalie , Dauphragne Antoine 
Published: November 2015

Dans la perspective d’étude des différents « biens de l’enfant » dans l’unité spatiale que constitue le domicile, la recherche vise à appréhender le rôle des enfants dans la construction de la chambre et à étudier les modalités d’organisation familiale autour de cet espace. À partir d’un échantillon de quinze familles ayant au moins un enfant âgé de 7 à 9 ans, la visité-guidée de leur domicile par les enfants, fait apparaitre la chambre comme un espace matériel et symbolique dédié non seulement à ses objets mais à l’enfant lui-même. Observations et entretiens révèlent que la chambre se construit avec et par les objets à travers la question de leur usage et du rangement, mais aussi par le choix du mobilier et de l’agencement spatial. Dans cette construction, la décoration apparaît comme l’espace le plus propice à la rencontre des pratiques et des goûts des parents et enfants. Ce sont ces interactions et leurs différentes modalités qui sont ici analysées pour saisir cette socialisation qui se tisse au quotidien, en articulant sous différentes formes attribution des parents et appropriation des enfants.
Les spectres magnétiques de Thomas Alva Edison. Cinématographie, phonographie et sciences des fantômes
Authors: Baudouin Philippe , Berton Mireille 
Published: November 2015

Au tournant du xxe siècle, les partisans du spiritisme s’émerveillent des progrès de la technologie et s’en emparent pour démontrer la validité de leurs thèses sur les phénomènes parapsychiques, comme la télépathie ou l’interaction avec les défunts. Les travaux d’Edison autour d’appareils électriques participent à façonner un imaginaire de la communication à distance auquel l’inventeur participe directement puisqu’il exprime son intention de créer un instrument destiné à contacter l’au-delà. Grâce à l’invention du phonographe et des variantes du cinématographe, le « magicien » des technologies électriques vient dès lors actualiser le fantasme de télépsychie qui est au cœur des sciences spirites. En effet, associées à la sphère du merveilleux scientifique qui englobe la plupart des médias dès leur apparition à l’ère industrielle, les technologies modernes projettent les phénomènes spirites au plan d’une évidence miraculeuse et d’un mystère irréfutable, à l’image des instruments auxquels on les compare, imprégnés qu’ils sont de mysticisme matériel. A partir de l’hypothèse selon laquelle c’est faute de parvenir à créer un outil permettant de communiquer avec l’au-delà qu’on inventa le phonographe et le cinématographe, cet article examine, dans une perspective épistémologique, les interactions entre l’intérêt d’Edison pour les phénomènes psychiques et les discours qui entourent le cinématographe et le phonographe envisagés comme des dispositifs magiques qui transforment leurs usagers en télépathes captant des ondes invisibles. En effet, s’ils appartiennent à la « série culturelle » des outils scientifiques assignés à répertorier l’audible et le visible, le phonographe et le cinématographe s’enracinent également dans une longue tradition de « machines occultes » qui cristallisent l’obsession de l’humain pour la spectralité. Loin d’être incompatibles, cinéma et spiritisme nouent des liens épistémiques qui remontent à leurs archéologies respectives.
Convergence of Recent Multistep Schemes for a Forward-Backward Stochastic Differential Equation
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhao Weidong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractConvergence analysis is presented for recently proposed multistep schemes, when applied to a special type of forward-backward stochastic differential equations (FB-SDEs) that arises in finance and stochastic control. The corresponding k-step scheme admits a k-order convergence rate in time, when the exact solution of the forward stochastic differential equation (SDE) is given. Our analysis assumes that the terminal conditions and the FBSDE coefficients are sufficiently regular.
An L∞-error Estimate for the
h-p Version Continuous Petrov-Galerkin Method for Nonlinear
Initial Value Problems
Authors: Yi Lijun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe h-p version of the continuous Petrov-Galerkin time stepping
method is analyzed for nonlinear initial value problems. An
L∞-error bound explicit with respect to the local
discretization and regularity parameters is derived. Numerical examples are
provided to illustrate the theoretical results.