bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adenosine triphosphate‐induced photoreceptor death and retinal remodeling in rats
Authors: Vessey Kirstan A. , Greferath Ursula , Aplin Felix P. , Jobling Andrew I. , Phipps Joanna A. , Ho Tracy , De Iongh Robbert U. , Fletcher Erica L. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTMany common causes of blindness involve the death of retinal photoreceptors, followed by progressive inner retinal cell remodeling. For an inducible model of retinal degeneration to be useful, it must recapitulate these changes. Intravitreal administration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has recently been found to induce acute photoreceptor death. The aim of this study was to characterize the chronic effects of ATP on retinal integrity. Five‐week‐old, dark agouti rats were administered 50 mM ATP into the vitreous of one eye and saline into the other. Vision was assessed using the electroretinogram and optokinetic response and retinal morphology investigated via histology. ATP caused significant loss of visual function within 1 day and loss of 50% of the photoreceptors within 1 week. At 3 months, 80% of photoreceptor nuclei were lost, and total photoreceptor loss occurred by 6 months. The degeneration and remodeling were similar to those found in heritable retinal dystrophies and age‐related macular degeneration and included inner retinal neuronal loss, migration, and formation of new synapses; Müller cell gliosis, migration, and scarring; blood vessel loss; and retinal pigment epithelium migration. In addition, extreme degeneration and remodeling events, such as neuronal and glial migration outside the neural retina and proliferative changes in glial cells, were observed. These extreme changes were also observed in the 2‐year‐old P23H rhodopsin transgenic rat model of retinitis pigmentosa. This ATP‐induced model of retinal degeneration may provide a valuable tool for developing pharmaceutical therapies or for testing electronic implants aimed at restoring vision. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2928–2950, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accurate cross‒architecture performance modeling for sparse matrix‒vector multiplication (SpMV) on GPUs
Authors: Guo Ping , Wang Liqiang 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThis paper presents an integrated analytical and profile‒based cross‒architecture performance modeling tool to specifically provide inter‒architecture performance prediction for Sparse Matrix‒Vector Multiplication (SpMV) on NVIDIA GPU architectures. To design and construct the tool, we investigate the inter‒architecture relative performance for multiple SpMV kernels. For a sparse matrix, based on its SpMV kernel performance measured on a reference architecture, our cross‒architecture performance modeling tool can accurately predict its SpMV kernel performance on a target architecture. The prediction results can effectively assist researchers in making choice of an appropriate architecture that best fits their needs from a wide range of available computing architectures. We evaluate our tool with 14 widely‒used sparse matrices on four GPU architectures: NVIDIA Tesla C2050, Tesla M2090, Tesla K20m, and GeForce GTX 295. In our experiments, Tesla C2050 works as the reference architecture, the other three are used as the target architectures. For Tesla M2090, the average performance differences between the predicted and measured SpMV kernel execution times for CSR, ELL, COO, and HYB SpMV kernels are 3.1%, 5.1%, 1.6%, and 5.6%, respectively. For Tesla K20m, they are 6.9%, 5.9%, 4.0%, and 6.6% on the average, respectively. For GeForce GTX 295, they are 5.9%, 5.8%, 3.8%, and 5.9% on the average, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data resource discovery model based on hybrid architecture in data grid environment
Authors: Ma Tinghuai , Lu Yinhua , Shi Sunyuan , Tian Wei , Wang Xin , Guan Donghai 
Published: February 2014

SummaryToday, the management of massive data collections draws much attention as data grids have been developed to deal with large computational problems and provide the opportunity for sharing geographically distributed resources for large‒scale data‒intensive applications. Therefore, finding an effective approach to discover data resources in order to promote better interactions between application communities or virtual organizations becomes a critical challenge. Traditional grid resource discovery models are mostly based on central and hierarchical architecture that can lead to bottlenecking with the expansion of the grid scale. Although the Peer‒to‒Peer (P2P) technique is integrated into the grid in order to improve the performance in recent years, each P2P structure still has drawbacks that require several compensatory strategies. In this paper, based on the unstructured super‒node‒based architecture from the P2P system, we design a structured logic resource tree in each domain in order to effectively alleviate the load on the super‒node, and we propose a query recording learning algorithm based on this hybrid architecture to reduce traffic in the network and greatly shorten the response time. The model and algorithm are validated by simulations and compared with the traditional super‒peer model and the flooding‒based approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequency resource allocation strategy with QoS support in hybrid cellular and Device‐to‐Device networks
Authors: Wang Zhibo , Tian Hui , Yang Kun , Liu Ziqiang 
Published: February 2014

SummaryHybrid networks, comprising a conventional cellular network overlaid with Device‐to‐Device (D2D), offer efficient way to improve system throughput. In this paper, a novel orthogonal frequency‐division multiple access channel‐assignment method is proposed for hybrid network. The proposed approach is optimal in terms of throughput and is subjected to a sensible QoS requirement, which guarantees that macrocell and D2D achieve a prescribed data rate and outage probability, respectively. Our solution consists of two phases. In the first phase, the minimum sub‐channels are allocated to the macrocell to satisfy their data rate requirements. This problem is mapped to the 0‐1 Knapsack Problem and solved by integer programming based Lagrange dual approach. In the second phase, the redundant sub‐channels are allocated to D2D pairs to maximize the throughput of D2D networks. An interference management scheme is proposed to guarantee the outage probability of D2D communications. A cluster is taken as the unit for frequency reuse among D2D pairs. The problem of clustering is mapped to the MAX k‐CUT problem in graph theory and is solved by graph‐based heuristic algorithm. Extensive simulations demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed solution compared with the existing scheme. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutrients other than carbohydrates: their effects on glucose homeostasis in humans
Authors: Heer Martina , Egert Sarah 
Published: February 2014

SummaryBesides carbohydrates, other nutrients, such as dietary protein and amino acids; the supply of fat, vitamin D, and vitamin K; and sodium intake seem to affect glucose homeostasis. Although their effect is less pronounced than that of the amount and composition of carbohydrates, it seems reasonable to consider how nutrient intake habits may be modified to support an improved glucose homeostasis. For instance, taking into account the effect of some nutrients to lower blood glucose concentration on a day‐by‐day basis might support improvement of glucose homeostasis in the long run. On the other hand, lowering sodium intake too much, as recommended to avoid the development of hypertension, particularly in sodium‐sensitive people, might lead to insulin resistance and thereby might risk increasing fasting as well as postprandial blood glucose concentrations. This review summarizes the state of our knowledge of how several nutrients other than carbohydrates, such as protein, fatty acids, vitamin D, vitamin K, magnesium, zinc, chromium, and sodium, affect blood glucose concentrations. Sufficient evidence exists to show that, in prospective studies based on randomized controlled trials, these selected nutrients affect blood glucose regulation. The review describes potential mechanisms leading to the observed effect. As much as is possible from the available data, the extent of the effect, is considered. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth factors and early mesoderm morphogenesis: Insights from the sea urchin embryo
Authors: Adomako‐Ankomah Ashrifia , Ettensohn Charles A. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryThe early morphogenesis of the mesoderm is critically important in establishing the body plan of the embryo. Recent research has led to a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this process, and growth factor signaling pathways have emerged as key regulators of the directional movements of mesoderm cells during gastrulation. In this review, we undertake a comparative analysis of the various essential functions of growth factor signaling pathways in regulating early mesoderm morphogenesis, with an emphasis on recent advances in the sea urchin embryo. We focus on the roles of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) pathways in the migration of primary mesenchyme cells and the formation of the embryonic endoskeleton. We compare the functions of VEGF and FGF in sea urchins with the roles that these and other growth factors play in regulating mesoderm migration during gastrulation in Drosophila and vertebrates. genesis 52:158–172. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasticity of source‐water acquisition in epiphytic, transitional and terrestrial growth phases of Ficus tinctoria
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Wang Pingyuan , Li Jintao , Liu Wenyao , Li Hongmei 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTDespite continued studies on the ecology and physiology of strangling hemiepiphytes, there is little quantitative information about the variations in source‐water uptake by these species under different growth phases. In this study, the water acquisition patterns of a hemiepiphyte, Ficus tinctoria, is investigated in relation to growth phase (epiphytic, transitional and terrestrial) and season (foggy, hot‐dry and rainy). Stable isotope compositions of water in xylem, soil, canopy humus, fog and rainfall were sampled on seasonally distinct dates, and soil water content and leaf carbon isotope composition were measured in order to determine the proportion of different water sources. Results indicated that F. tinctoria displayed a high degree of plasticity in source‐water acquisition associated with the growth‐phase transition from purely canopy‐rooted epiphyte to transitional plant to terrestrial tree. During the foggy season and the hot‐dry season, epiphytes utilized a combination of recently received rainwater (82–89%) and fog water (11–18%) present in canopy humus soil, whereas terrestrial trees exclusively depended on shallow and deep terrestrial soil water and exhibited marked flexibility in depth of soil water uptake. Transitional‐phase plants relied predominantly on shallow soil water (79–86%) and extracted only a small fraction of canopy humus water (14–21%). During the rainy season, epiphytes relied almost exclusively on recent rainwater (96%) and had a negligible water uptake from fog, whereas trees extracted their water primarily from the shallow soil and less from the deep soil. Plants in transitional‐phase drew a considerable fraction of water from canopy humus soil. This plasticity of source‐water uptake to cope with radical changes in rooting environment is likely the key feature enabling hemiepiphytic species to thrive and successfully establish in the tropical rainforests. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tailoring Peptide–Nucleotide Conjugates (PNCs) for Nucleotide Delivery in Bacterial Cells
Authors: De Swarup , Groaz Elisabetta , Herdewijn Piet 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe design and synthesis of peptide‐2′‐deoxythymidine‐5′‐O‐monophosphate conjugates as potential active delivery systems for nucleotides into auxotrophic E. coli strains is presented. A series of oligopeptides were allowed to react with 5′‐O‐(dibenzylphosphate)‐2′‐deoxythymidine or its suitably 3′‐derivatized analogues to give the relevant peptide–nucleotide adducts, by the formation of a biolabile chemical connection. Using strategies based on the principles of orthogonal protection and activation, rational variations were made to the linker and the peptide moiety in order to tune the metabolic stability of the conjugates.
High Yield SNAr on 8‐Halogenophenyl‐BODIPY with Cyclic and Acyclic Polyamines
Authors: Volkova Yulia , Brizet Bertrand , Harvey Pierre D. , Denat Franck , Goze Christine 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSelective nucleophilic aromatic substitutions with several polyamines were performed in very good yields on halogeno‐phenyl BODIPY derivatives containing an activating nitro group.
Simulation of scree‐slope dynamics: investigating the distribution of debris avalanche events in an idealized two‐dimensional model
Authors: Bithell Mike , Richards Keith S. , Bithell Erica G. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe present a two‐dimensional model of the development of scree slopes using the discrete‐element method. We concentrate on the dynamics of the accumulating debris at the cliff foot rather than on the failure modes of the cliff‐face or shape of the underlying rock surface. The evolution of this unconsolidated material is intermittent and systematically changing over time, with an early high disturbance regime, dominated by a characteristic event size (where 65% of particles in the debris are in motion to some extent), replaced at later times by many shallow slides interspersed with infrequent large events that involve motion through almost the full scree depth. These large slides lead to a stratigraphy in which the layers of material are stretched almost horizontal near the base of the slope. The scree surface thus shows a gradient in age with most recent rock‐fall close to the cliff and the oldest rock‐fall debris outcropping at the foot. The final surface slope tends to show little curvature, and the final mean slope is well correlated with the angle of internal friction of the particles, although the change is very small over a wide range of friction angles [final slope (in degrees relative to horizontal) ~ 0.043 × internal friction angle + 17.49, with a correlation coefficient of 0.89, p‐value 0.0001]. Some weak size‐segregation of the debris is found, but this seems to have little to do with individual particles bounding down the slope. The shape of the rock core agrees largely with the analytic forms given by Fisher–Lehmann and Bakker–Le Heux expressions, but the original simple Fisher quadratic can give the best fit. Overall the evolution shows a remarkable insensitivity to the model parameters, suggesting that the controls on dry scree‐slope evolution are primarily geometric in character. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐channel interference in two‐tier heterogeneous networks: analytical model and ergodic capacity
Authors: Li Yuan , Peng Mugen , Manzoor Ahmed , Wang Chonggang 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe modelling of co‐channel interference in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) is increasingly highlighted for the spectrum underlay mechanism where the macro base stations (MBSs) and low‐power nodes (LPNs) share the same radio resources. To clarify the characteristics of co‐channel interference, an analytical interference model is developed in this paper for the two‐tier hierarchical HetNets in Long‐Term‐Evolution‐Advanced systems, which consists of MBSs with deterministic locations and LPNs locating with a random Poisson field. The distribution of aggregate interference is analysed, and the parameters impacting the proposed interference model are evaluated. In the proposed aggregate interference model, the success probability is derived on the basis of the moment generation function. Further, the ergodic capacity is developed in high signal‐to‐noise ratio region, and its closed‐form expressions are derived for both MBSs and LPNs. Simulation results are presented to validate the analytical results of proposed interference model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic value of changes in resting‐state functional connectivity patterns in cognitive recovery after stroke: A 3T fMRI pilot study
Authors: Dacosta‐Aguayo R. , Graña M. , Savio A. , Fernández‐Andújar M. , Millán M. , López‐Cancio E. , Cáceres C. , Bargalló N. , Garrido C. , Barrios M. , Clemente I. C. , Hernández M. , Munuera J. , Dávalos A. , Auer T. , Mataró M. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractResting‐state studies conducted with stroke patients are scarce. First objective was to explore whether patients with good cognitive recovery showed differences in resting‐state functional patterns of brain activity when compared to patients with poor cognitive recovery. Second objective was to determine whether such patterns were correlated with cognitive performance. Third objective was to assess the existence of prognostic factors for cognitive recovery. Eighteen right‐handed stroke patients and eighteen healthy controls were included in the study. Stroke patients were divided into two groups according to their cognitive improvement observed at three months after stroke. Probabilistic independent component analysis was used to identify resting‐state brain activity patterns. The analysis identified six networks: frontal, fronto‐temporal, default mode network, secondary visual, parietal, and basal ganglia. Stroke patients showed significant decrease in brain activity in parietal and basal ganglia networks and a widespread increase in brain activity in the remaining ones when compared with healthy controls. When analyzed separately, patients with poor cognitive recovery (n = 10) showed the same pattern as the whole stroke patient group, while patients with good cognitive recovery (n = 8) showed increased activity only in the default mode network and fronto‐temporal network, and decreased activity in the basal ganglia. We observe negative correlations between basal ganglia network activity and performance in Semantic Fluency test and Part A of the Trail Making Test for patients with poor cognitive recovery. A reverse pattern was observed between frontal network activity and the abovementioned tests for the same group. Hum Brain Mapp 35:3819–3831, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. Human Brain Mapping published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reactivity of sensorimotor oscillations is altered in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy: A magnetoencephalographic study
Authors: Pihko Elina , Nevalainen Päivi , Vaalto Selja , Laaksonen Kristina , Mäenpää Helena , Valanne Leena , Lauronen Leena 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by difficulty in control of movement and posture due to brain damage during early development. In addition, tactile discrimination deficits are prevalent in CP. To study the function of somatosensory and motor systems in CP, we compared the reactivity of sensorimotor cortical oscillations to median nerve stimulation in 12 hemiplegic CP children vs. 12 typically developing children using magnetoencephalography. We also determined the primary cortical somatosensory and motor representation areas of the affected hand in the CP children using somatosensory‐evoked magnetic fields and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation, respectively. We hypothesized that the reactivity of the sensorimotor oscillations in alpha (10 Hz) and beta (20 Hz) bands would be altered in CP and that the beta‐band reactivity would depend on the individual pattern of motor representation. Accordingly, in children with CP, suppression and rebound of both oscillations after stimulation of the contralateral hand were smaller in the lesioned than intact hemisphere. Furthermore, in two of the three children with CP having ipsilateral motor representation, the beta‐ but not alpha‐band modulations were absent in both hemispheres after affected hand stimulation suggesting abnormal sensorimotor network interactions in these individuals. The results are consistent with widespread alterations in information processing in the sensorimotor system and complement current understanding of sensorimotor network development after early brain insults. Precise knowledge of the functional sensorimotor network organization may be useful in tailoring individual rehabilitation for people with CP. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4105–4117, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Longitudinal growth and morphology of the hippocampus through childhood: Impact of prematurity and implications for memory and learning
Authors: Thompson Deanne K. , Omizzolo Cristina , Adamson Christopher , Lee Katherine J. , Stargatt Robyn , Egan Gary F. , Doyle Lex W. , Inder Terrie E. , Anderson Peter J. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe effects of prematurity on hippocampal development through early childhood are largely unknown. The aims of this study were to (1) compare the shape of the very preterm (VPT) hippocampus to that of full‐term (FT) children at 7 years of age, and determine if hippocampal shape is associated with memory and learning impairment in VPT children, (2) compare change in shape and volume of the hippocampi from term‐equivalent to 7 years of age between VPT and FT children, and determine if development of the hippocampi over time predicts memory and learning impairment in VPT children. T1 and T2 magnetic resonance images were acquired at both term equivalent and 7 years of age in 125 VPT and 25 FT children. Hippocampi were manually segmented and shape was characterized by boundary point distribution models at both time‐points. Memory and learning outcomes were measured at 7 years of age. The VPT group demonstrated less hippocampal infolding than the FT group at 7 years. Hippocampal growth between infancy and 7 years was less in the VPT compared with the FT group, but the change in shape was similar between groups. There was little evidence that the measures of hippocampal development were related to memory and learning impairments in the VPT group. This study suggests that the developmental trajectory of the human hippocampus is altered in VPT children, but this does not predict memory and learning impairment. Further research is required to elucidate the mechanisms for memory and learning difficulties in VPT children. Hum Brain Mapp 35:4129–4139, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.