bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term stability of phosphate sorbed on an allophanic Andosol and a synthesized allophane
Authors: Sato Kenji , Hama Takehide , Ito Hiroaki , Kobayashi Kayoko , Nakamura Kimihito , Sakurai Shinji 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAllophane and ferrihydrite are the main hosts of phosphate in allophanic Andosols, which are vital soil resources that support high human population densities. However, the sorption mechanism of phosphate on allophane has not been elucidated, unlike that of ferrihydrite. In particular, the effects of residence time on phosphate sorbed on allophane remain unclear. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to (1) understand the effect of residence time on the stability of phosphate sorbed on allophanic Andosol and allophane by desorption experiments using arsenate and (2) elucidate the sorption mechanism of phosphate on allophane using solid‐state 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Consequently, the slow sorption of phosphate onto allophanic Andosol, allophane, and ferrihydrite continued for approximately 150 days. The ratio of total desorbable phosphate to phosphate sorbed onto the allophanic Andosol and allophane decreased with increasing residence time. In other words, phosphate sorption on allophanic Andosol and allophane was more irreversible with increasing residence time. The NMR spectra and X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that the molecular environment of phosphate sorbed onto allophane and ferrihydrite did not change at any residence time. Therefore, the slow sorption and irreversibility of phosphate were caused not by surface precipitation but by internal diffusion. In addition, the NMR spectra showed that most of the phosphate sorbed on allophane was present as inner‐sphere complexes.
In Situ Growth of CdS Nanoparticles Between g‐C3N4 Layers for Photocatalytic Reduction of Nitrobenzene
Authors: Tian Zongju , Han Jun , Wu Fangzhou , Chen Xiyu , Hu De , Yu Feng , Qi Kezhen , Wang Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhotocatalysis technology is green and sustainable for reduction of nitrobenzene to aniline. However, the photocatalytic activity of pure carbon nitride is limited by the high photogenerated carrier recombination rates. Carbon nitride nanosheets (CNN) were prepared by prepolymerization and high temperature calcination and cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles were in situ grown between the layers of carbon nitride for facilitating the separation and transfer of charges. As a result, the optimal composite catalyst (CdS/CNN‐2) exhibited superior photocatalytic activity with nitrobenzene reduction rate of 83 % within 60 min. This work presents an effective strategy for designing catalysts for the photocatalytic reduction of nitrobenzene.
Determination of Enantiomeric Impurity in Tegoprazan Drug Substance by HPLC
Authors: Zhang Lei , Duan Shutao , Xu Shujuan , Wang Lihua , Shen Yingde 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTTegoprazan is a novel potassium‐competitive acid blocker used for gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is administered as the (S)‐ and (R)‐enantiomers are considered impurities that should be controlled. The objective of this work was to establish a chiral analytical method for the determination of the enantiomeric impurity of tegoprazan in the drug substance by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Enantioselective separation was performed on a Chiralpak alpha1‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5.0 µm) at 30°C utilizing a mobile phase consisting of 5 mmol L−1 ammonium acetate buffer (pH 6.0) and 2‐propanol (93:7, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.7  mL min−1 with a detection wavelength of 220 nm. The effects of chromatographic conditions, including the type and concentration of organic modifiers, buffer pH, buffer concentration, flow rate, and column temperature, were thoroughly investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the resolution between (S)‐ and (R)‐tegoprazan was greater than 3.0. Moreover, the developed method was validated in terms of linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ), accuracy, precision, and stability. Each enantiomer showed a good linear relationship over the concentration range of 1.0–100 µg mL−1, with the correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The LOD and LOQ were 0.1 and 0.3 µg mL−1, respectively. In addition, the recoveries ranged from 94.10% to 99.39% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.9%. Application of this proposed method to determine the enantiomeric impurity in tegoprazan drug substance proved satisfactory. The quantitative results were about 2.0%, demonstrating that enantiomeric impurity remained in the tegoprazan drug substance and should be controlled in the quality criteria.
Integrating culturally relevant leadership learning into the leadership learning framework
Authors: Maia Ana C. , Contreras Lauren , Teig Trisha 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBy incorporating the culturally relevant leadership learning model (CRLL) into the leadership learning framework (LLF), this article provides leadership educators with an inclusive approach to leadership learning. The authors illustrate how educators can integrate the five dimensions of campus climate into leadership knowledge, observation, development, training, engagement, and metacognition. We describe practical ways to address leadership identity, efficacy, and capacity development for all college students, especially those belonging to traditionally underserved identities. Finally, the authors present a new visual for integrating CRLL into the LLF—a kaleidoscope leadership learning model.
Observation as the throughline of the leadership learning framework
Authors: Shetty Rebecca “Becka” , Teig Trisha , Cozzi Nicole 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObservation is the throughline and synthesizing catalyst of the leadership learning framework (LLF). Observation serves as both a stimulus and clarifier through which all other LLF elements come together. This article explores the literature on both intentional and unintentional observational learning and how learners are socialized. Leadership educators should consider how observation of leadership influences students’ perception of leading before arriving in the learning space and how they can intentionally imbed observational learning within curricular and extracurricular experiences with special attention given to access and representation.
Understanding engagement as a catalyst for leadership learning
Authors: Risku Kamrie , Holder Courtney 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the theoretical foundations of leadership engagement. The authors synthesize research informing leadership engagement practice and research in college environments. They highlight evidence‐based instructional strategies and high‐impact practices for effective leadership engagement for college students, including considerations for identity‐conscious leadership engagement. The article concludes with reflections on how leadership educators and scholars may continue to evolve practice and research for deeper leadership engagement opportunities.
Fault Tolerant in the Expand Ad-Hoc Parallel File System
Authors: Muñoz-Muñoz Dario , Garcia-Carballeira Felix , Camarmas-Alonso Diego , Calderon-Mateos Alejandro , Carretero Jesus 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the last years, applications related to Artificial Intelligence and big data, among others, have been involved. There is a need to improve I/O operations to avoid bottlenecks in accessing a larger amount of data. For this purpose, the Expand Ad-Hoc parallel file system is being designed and developed.Since these applications have very long execution times, fault tolerance mechanisms in the file system are necessary to allow them to continue running in the presence of failures.This work introduces a fault-tolerant design based on data replication for the Expand Ad-Hoc parallel file system and an initial evaluation conducted on the HPC4AI Laboratory supercomputer in Torino.The evaluation of Expand Ad-Hoc with fault-tolerant found that, despite data replication, its performance and scalability are generally better than those of other parallel file systems without fault-tolerant.
Novel Thermo-Halotolerant Bacteria Bacillus cabrialesii Native to Qatar Desert: Enhancing Seedlings’ Growth, Halotolerance, and Antifungal Defense in Tomato
Authors: Masmoudi Fatma , Al Naimi Lolwa , Trigui Mohamed , Al Safran Mohammad , Tounsi Slim , Saadaoui Imen 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Soil salinization and freshwater scarcity are the major challenges threatening conventional agriculture development due to their negative impacts on plant growth and productivity. Fungal infections accentuate these challenges and pose a threat to global food security. Thermo-halotolerant bacteria exhibit a great ability to eradicate phytopathogen proliferation, enhance agricultural yields, and enable the use of saline water for irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions characterized by increasing temperatures and harsh climates. Ten novel halotolerant bacteria isolated from Qatar desert environment and coastline were screened in vitro for their halotolerance, thermotolerance, and plant-growth-promoting potential. Among these, five strains showed significant ability to produce cell-wall degrading enzymes, ACC-deaminase, siderophores, solubilize phosphorous, fix nitrogen, inhibit fungal proliferation, and form biofilms. Particularly, Bacillus cabrialesii strain HB7 displayed interesting potential to eradicate gray mold disease on post-harvested tomato fruits Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme and promote seeds germination and seedlings growth under saline conditions. Scanning electron microscopy evidenced that HB7 is an endophytic strain, capable of forming protective biofilm around tomato seedling roots. This biofilm may play an important role in protecting internal plant tissues and preventing salt infiltration. These findings support the use of Bacillus cabrialesii strain HB7 as an efficient biofertilizer, offering a pathway to sustainable agricultural practices that leverage saline water resources for irrigation.
Coupled hydrogeophysical inversion through ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation and convolutional neural network for contaminant plume reconstruction
Authors: Fagandini Camilla , Todaro Valeria , Escada Cláudia , Azevedo Leonardo , Gómez-Hernández J. Jaime , Zanini Andrea 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the field of groundwater, accurate delineation of contaminant plumes is critical for designing effective remediation strategies. Typically, this identification poses a challenge as it involves solving an inverse problem with limited concentration data available. To improve the understanding of contaminant behavior within aquifers, hydrogeophysics emerges as a powerful tool by enabling the combination of non-invasive geophysical techniques (i.e., electrical resistivity tomography—ERT) and hydrological variables. This paper investigates the potential of the Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation method to address the inverse problem at hand by simultaneously assimilating observed ERT data and scattered concentration values from monitoring wells. A novelty aspect is the integration of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to replace and expedite the expensive geophysical forward model. The proposed approach is applied to a synthetic case study, simulating a tracer test in an unconfined aquifer. Five scenarios are compared, allowing to explore the effects of combining multiple data sources and their abundance. The outcomes highlight the efficacy of the proposed approach in estimating the spatial distribution of a concentration plume. Notably, the scenario integrating apparent resistivity with concentration values emerges as the most promising, as long as there are enough concentration data. This underlines the importance of adopting a comprehensive approach to tracer plume mapping by leveraging different types of information. Additionally, a comparison was conducted between the inverse procedure solved using the full geophysical forward model and the CNN model, showcasing comparable performance in terms of results, but with a significant acceleration in computational time.
Banking of post-SMILE stromal lenticules for additive keratoplasty: A new challenge for eye banks?
Authors: Bievel-Radulescu Raluca , Ferrari Stefano , Piaia Moreno , Mandatori Domitilla , Pandolfi Assunta , Nubile Mario , Mastropasqua Leonardo , Stanca Horia Tudor , Ponzin Diego 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Purpose
ReLEx (Refractive Lenticule Extraction) Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE), the second generation of ReLEx Femtosecond Lenticule Extraction (FLEx), is a minimally invasive, flapless procedure designed to treat refractive errors such as myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia, and astigmatism. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the methods for preserving SMILE-derived lenticules and discusses their potential future applications.

Methods
A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, focusing on articles published up to January 2024 and available in English. The authors also evaluated the reference lists of the collected papers to identify any additional relevant research.

Results
No standardized protocols currently exist for the storage or clinical application of SMILE-derived lenticules. However, these lenticules present a promising resource for therapeutic uses, particularly in addressing the shortage of donor corneal tissues. Their potential applications include inlay and overlay additive keratoplasty, as well as other ocular surface applications. Further research is needed to establish reliable protocols for their preservation and clinical use.

Conclusion
SMILE-derived lenticules offer significant potential as an alternative to donor corneal tissues. Standardizing their storage and application methods could enhance their use in clinical settings.
Development and Preliminary Validation of the Divine Connectedness Scale in the USA
Authors: Datu Jesus Alfonso D. , Fincham Frank D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis research conceptualized and offered preliminary evidence on the psychometric properties of the 10-item Divine Connectedness Scale—a measure that assesses individuals’ perceptions of feeling supported by (divine guidance) and working with (divine collaboration) God or a Supreme Being. Results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with 434 undergraduate students in the United States showed that scores from a single-factor model of divine connectedness were valid and reliable. Divine connectedness was positively associated with religiosity, forgiveness, and well-being variables. Divine connectedness showed incremental validity over demographic covariates, social desirability, and religiosity in predicting later meaning in life and flourishing.
A thermodynamic investigation into protein–excipient interactions involving different grades of polysorbate 20 and 80
Authors: Whiteley Joseph , Waters Laura J. , Humphrey James , Mellor Steve 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDeveloping stable biopharmaceutical formulations is of paramount importance and is typically achieved by incorporating surfactants as stabilising agents, such as polysorbate 20 and 80. However, little is known about the effect surfactant grade has on formulation stability. This study evaluates the effect of regular grade and Super-refined™ polysorbates 20 and 80 and their interaction with model proteins, namely β-lactoglobulin (β-Ig), human serum albumin (HSA) and immunoglobulin gamma (IgG), using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). ITC results indicated that all four polysorbates underwent binding interactions with β-Ig and HSA, yet no interaction was observed with IgG this is postulated to be a consequence of differences in secondary structure composition. Surfactant binding to β-Ig occurred at ratios of ~ 3:2 regardless of the surfactant used with dissociation constants ranging from 284 to 388 µM, whereas HSA bound at ratios of ~ 3:1 and dissociation constants ranging from 429 to 653 µM. Changes in enthalpy were larger for the surfactant interactions with HSA compared with β-Ig implying the former produced a greater binding interaction than the latter. DSC facilitated measurement of the temperature of unfolding of each protein with the presence of each polysorbate where results further confirmed interactions had occurred for β-Ig and HSA with an increased unfolding temperature between 4 and 6 K implying improved protein stability, yet again, no interaction was observed with IgG. This study thermodynamically characterised the role of polysorbates in protein stabilisation for biopharmaceutical formulations.
Navigating speed–accuracy trade-offs for multi-physics simulations
Authors: Moradinia Zohreh , Vandierendonck Hans , Murphy Adrian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel approach aimed at addressing persistent challenges inherent in conventional multiphysics modeling methodologies. Existing techniques, such as numerical modeling and analytical calculations, often suffer from time-consuming and computationally intensive processes, leading to inefficiencies, particularly in intricate simulations. The proposed methodology employs regression machine learning algorithms as a black-box solution to anticipate errors and execution times in multiphysics simulations. Diverging from conventional methods, this approach streamlines the exploration of simulation options, providing discernible choices for balancing speed and precision. The efficacy of the methodology is exemplified through successful applications to heat transfer and fluid–structure interaction problems, illustrating its adaptability across diverse scenarios. Notably, the approach upholds the integrity of physics equations and simulation convergence while markedly reducing the trial-and-error efforts and computational burdens associated with traditional methodologies. In summary, the proposed approach emerges as an innovative and promising solution to augment the accuracy, efficiency, and dependability of multiphysics simulations.
Piotroski's Fscore under varying economic conditions
Authors: Anderson Keith , Chowdhury Anup , Uddin Moshfique 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPiotroski’s Fscore has become increasingly important to investment managers and analysts as a simple measure of a company’s financial strength. However, how it changes over time, and in particular how it reacts under different economic conditions, has not been considered until now. Macroeconomic conditions and the business cycle affect corporate valuations via stock prices. They also affect corporate liquidity, cash flow, profitability, efficiency, financing, capital structure, and thus Fscores. The Fscore is currently used as if it gives similar results in all economic states, but this is not the case. While macroeconomic conditions strongly affect the aggregate Fscore, the effect of particular variables changes greatly depending on the stage of the economic cycle. During contractionary episodes, monetary and macro-economic factors become much more critical and outweigh firm-level factors in determining Fscore values. Investors should, therefore, be particularly cautious in applying the Fscore equally during contractions as during expansionary periods.
Effect of Nanoparticles and Microparticles of Hexagonal Boron Nitride on Structure, Thermal and Mechanical Stability of Lithium and Calcium Greases
Authors: Senyk Szymon , Gocman Krzysztof , Skolniak Marta , Białecki Tomasz , Kałdoński Tadeusz 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHexagonal boron nitride is being considered as an additive for greases due to its structure and physical and chemical properties. In the context of the application of such lubricants in real tribological systems, it is important to recognise the effect of hexagonal boron nitride not only on tribological properties, but also on other functional properties of this group of lubricants. In the present study, tests including dropping point, penetration and mechanical stability were carried out. Additionally, particular focus was placed on the properties of the additive itself, including particle size distribution and adsorption properties, as determined by scanning electron microscopy and low-temperature adsorption isotherms. The introduction of hexagonal boron nitride particles into lithium and calcium greases resulted in enhanced resistance to high temperature and prolonged mechanical stress. This phenomenon was attributed to the type of base grease and the modifications in the configuration of the grease's spatial network that ensued as a result of the incorporation of solid particles. It was found that an additive with a smaller particle size and a significant proportion of nanoparticle fractions, and a more developed porous structure, was more effective. Microscopic observations of the structure of the greases confirmed that the solid particles were deposited in the spatial network of the greases. The distribution of hexagonal boron nitride in the grease structure was found to be contingent upon the physical and chemical properties of the additive. Furthermore, the type of base grease, including the arrangement of the soap fibre network, was identified as a contributing factor.
Graphical Abstract
Christian school leaders’ perspectives on identifying and hiring high-quality teachers
Authors: Johnson Alison , Djita Rian R. , Swaner Lynn E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTeacher quality is one of the most important factors influencing a student’s educational outcomes, yet scant research has examined teacher hiring and quality in Protestant Christian schools. In this qualitative work, we thematically analyze interviews about Christian schools’ teacher hiring practices with a group of 12 leaders from 10 member schools in the Association of Christian Schools International. We find that these 10 schools generally follow a standard hiring process. The qualifications they seek in teachers could be arranged into a pyramid, where the base—the most fundamental quality—is demonstration of authentic belief in Protestant Christian doctrines. After faith, school leaders desired teachers to demonstrate Christian virtue and to be a good “fit” for their school culture; at the tip of the pyramid is the category of professional and pedagogical skills. While there was some heterogeneity in the top three tiers among school leaders, all agreed on the importance of Christian school teachers having “a heart for Christ and a heart for kids.”
Seasonal Tracer Subduction in the Subpolar North Atlantic Driven by Submesoscale Fronts
Authors: Picard Théo , Gula Jonathan , Vic Clément , Mémery Laurent 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSubmesoscale flows (0.1–10 km) are often associated with large vertical velocities, which can have a significant impact on the transport of surface tracers, such as carbon. However, global models do not adequately account for these small‐scale effects, which still require a proper parameterization. In this study, we introduced a passive tracer into the surface mixed layer (ML) of a northern Atlantic Ocean simulation based on the primitive‐equation model CROCO, with a horizontal resolution of Δx = 800 m, aiming to investigate the seasonal submesoscale effects on vertical transport. Using surface vorticity and strain rate criteria, we identified regions with submesoscale fronts and quantified the associated subduction, that is the export of tracer below the ML depth. The results suggest that the tracer vertical distribution and the contribution of frontal subduction can be estimated from surface strain and vorticity. Notably, we observed significant seasonal variations. In winter, the submesoscale fronts contribute up to 40% of the total vertical advective transport of tracer below the ML, while representing only 5% of the domain. Conversely, in summer, fronts account for less than 1% of the domain and do not contribute significantly to the transport below the ML. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the seasonal water subduction due to fronts in the region.