bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IL-2 Produced by CD8+ Immune T Cells Can Augment Their IFN-γ Production Independently from Their Proliferation in the Secondary Response to an Intracellular Pathogen
Authors: Sa Qila , Woodward Jerold , Suzuki Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2013

AbstractChronic infection with Toxoplasma gondii induces a potent resistance against reinfection, and IFN-γ production by CD8+ T cells is crucial for the protective immunity. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the secondary response remain to be elucidated. In the current study, we examined the role of IL-2 in IFN-γ production by CD8+ immune T cells in their secondary responses using T. gondii–specific CD8+ T cell hybridomas and splenic CD8+ immune T cells from chronically infected mice. The majority (92%) of CD8+ T cell hybridomas produced large amounts of IFN-γ only when a low amount (0.5 ng/ml) of exogenous IL-2 was provided in combination with T. gondii Ags. Inhibition of cell proliferation by mitomycin C did not affect the enhancing effect of IL-2 on the IFN-γ production, and significant increases in transcription factor T-bet expression were associated with the IL-2–mediated IFN-γ amplification. Splenic CD8+ immune T cells produced similar low levels of IL-2 in the secondary response to T. gondii, and a blocking of IL-2 signaling by anti–IL-2Rα Ab or inhibitors of JAK1 and JAK3 significantly reduced IFN-γ production of the T cells. This IL-2–mediated upregulation of IFN-γ production was observed in mitomycin C–treated CD8+ immune T cells, thus independent from their cell division. Therefore, endogenous IL-2 produced by CD8+ immune T cells can play an important autocrine-enhancing role on their IFN-γ production in the secondary responses to T. gondii, suggesting an importance of induction of CD8+ immune T cells with an appropriate IL-2 production for vaccine development.
Numerical Approximation of Hopf Bifurcation for Tumor-Immune System Competition Model with Two Delays
Authors: Zhao Jing-Jun , Xiao Jing-Yu , Xu Yang 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the Hopf bifurcation analysis of tumor-immune system competition model with two delays. First, we discuss the stability of state points with different kinds of delays. Then, a sufficient condition to the existence of the Hopf bifurcation is derived with parameters at different points. Furthermore, under this condition, the stability and direction of bifurcation are determined by applying the normal form method and the center manifold theory. Finally, a kind of Runge-Kutta methods is given out to simulate the periodic solutions numerically. At last, some numerical experiments are given to match well with the main conclusion of this paper.
Oculus–Spark Perimetry Compared with 3 Procedures of Glaucoma Morphologic Analysis (GDx, HRT, and OCT)
Authors: de la Rosa Manuel Gonzalez , Gonzalez-Hernandez Marta , Sanchez-Garcia Mariel , de la Vega Ricardo Rodriguez , Diaz-Aleman Tinguaro , Rios Alicia Pareja 
Published: January 2013

Purpose To compare diagnostic capabilities and agreement between Oculus-Spark perimetry and 3 procedures of glaucoma morphologic analysis. Methods A total of 102 normal eyes and 104 consecutive eyes with suspected or confirmed glaucoma (1 eye per subject) were analyzed in a prospective observational case-control study, using Spark strategy (Oculus Easyfield Perimeter), Heidelberg retinal tomograph (HRT), Zeiss laser polarimetry (GDx), and Cirrus optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results Spark first phase lasted 37 seconds and all 4 phases 2:34 minutes. Specificities and sensitivities were as follows: Spark mean deviation (MD) first phase (95.1%, 85.6%), MD second and final phases (95.1%, 86.5%), GDx–nerve fiber indicator (95.1%, 57.4%), HRT–Reinhard Burk discriminant function (95.1%, 52.9%), HRT glaucoma probability score (95.1%, 71.2%), Cirrus OCT vertical cup/ disc ratio (96.1%, 85.6%), and Cirrus OCT retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (95.1%, 68.0%). Diagnostic agreement between second and final Spark MD phases was kappa=0.92; between phase 1 Spark/MD and Cirrus OCT/vertical C/D ratio was kappa=0.78. Agreements between the 2 Cirrus OCT indices was kappa=0.69 and between the 2 HRT indices was kappa=0.559. The correlation coefficient between second and final MD and PSD was 0.99, and 0.98 between the number of scotomatous points. There was high concordance in scotoma position in both phases (kappa=0.86). The linear correlation coefficients between the morphologic indices were 0.48–0.78, and between morphologic and functional indices 0.51–0.76. Correlation coefficients comparing morphologic and functional indices were similar in the first and the last phase (p>0.05 in all cases). Conclusions Spark perimetry appears to show useful sensitivity and specificity, even in the first phase, and good agreement with the morphology.
Considérations théoricométhodologiques autour de la mixité
Authors: Rodríguez-García Dan 
Published: January 2013

Cet article propose quelques considérations théoricométhodologiques autour de la mixité. Il cherche à mettre en évidence les limites, les pièges et les dérives de la littérature existante en ce qui a trait à la conceptualisation de la notion de mixité. Après une contextualisation initiale (définition, variables et modèles liés au phénomène de la mixité), il s'agira d'indiquer les différents niveaux clés de complexité théorique et méthodologique du phénomène afin d'éviter les visions simplistes ou réductrices. Nous nous interrogerons donc sur la clarté de la notion d’« union mixte », l'équivalence entre mixité et intégration sociale, et nous soulignerons la complexité inhérente aux processus de configuration de l'identité ethnique résultante.
Effects of sulfide concentration, pH, and anoxia on photosynthesis and respiration of Zostera marina
Authors: Korhonen LK , Macías-Carranza V , Abdala R , Figueroa FL , Cabello-Pasini A 
Published: January 2013

Sulfide produced in marine sediments by sulfate reduction is toxic for several macrophytes, and high sediment sulfide concentrations have been associated with seagrass die-off events. Sulfide has been shown to reduce growth in a number of seagrasses, but little is known about its effect on the photosynthetic and respiratory metabolism. Consequently, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of sulfide on photosynthesis and respiration of the seagrass Zostera marina. Photosynthetic oxygen evolution and respiration were determined polarographically, while the optimum quantum yield was used as a measure of the photosynthetic performance of photosystem II in the leaves of Z. marina. The results showed that sulfide concentrations of approximately 1000 uM could be considered an upper threshold limit for the survival of Z. marina in the coastal lagoons of Baja California (Mexico) studied. Respiration was not inhibited by sulfide concentrations up to
1000 ?M during 48-h incubations, while photosynthetic performance was reduced by short exposure to sulfide concentrations of 25 uM but also by long exposure to concentrations as low as 50 uM. This is the first study that shows that the photosynthetic capacity of Z. marina is not recovered once the sulfide-free conditions have been re-established.
Microstructural Parameters and Their Effect on the Indentation Hardness of Electrodeposited and Annealed Nickel–Iron Micro‐Specimens
Authors: Schmitt Martin‐T. , Hoffmann Joachim E. , Eifler Dietmar 
Published: January 2013

AbstractUsing the direct‐LIGA technology, nickel–iron micro‐specimens are serially produced by a micro‐gear drive manufacturer and subsequently annealed within the temperature range between 180 and 800 °C. The microstructure (grain size, lattice strain, and texture) is characterized using XRD measurements. Following electrodeposition, nano‐crystalline microstructures result with grain size of approximately 10 nm. The transmission electron microscope images confirm the XRD results. The lattice strain decreases in the temperature range from 200 to 300 °C and grain growth results for an annealing temperature from approximately 260 °C. The annealing treatment produced no essential changes in the material's texture. Analysis of the indentation hardness and indentation modulus demonstrates considerable changes above 200 °C.
Catalytic Stereoselective Conjugate Addition of Oxindole to Electron‐Deficient Alkynes
Authors: Kang Guowei , Wu Quanquan , Liu Miaochang , Xu Qingfang , Chen Zunyang , Chen Weilong , Luo Yuqiang , Ye Wei , Jiang Jun , Wu Huayue 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA Z/E‐selective and enantioselective conjugate addition of oxindoles to butyl but‐2‐ynedioate derivatives has been developed, providing a facile access to enantioenriched multifunctional olefins, which can be further converted into 3,3a‐ dihydro‐2H‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinoline‐1,4(5H,9bH)‐dione derivatives via conventional operations.
Elevated temperature and 6‐ to 7‐year outcome of neonatal encephalopathy
Authors: Laptook Abbot R. , McDonald Scott A. , Shankaran Seetha , Stephens Bonnie E. , Vohr Betty R. , Guillet Ronnie , Higgins Rosemary D. , Das Abhik ,   Extended Hypothermia Follow‐up Subcommittee of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveA study was undertaken to determine whether higher temperature after hypoxia–ischemia is associated with death or intelligence quotient (IQ)<70 at 6 to 7 years among infants treated with intensive care without hypothermia.MethodsControl infants (noncooled, n=106) of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network hypothermia trial had serial esophageal and skin temperatures over 72 hours. Each infant's temperature was ranked to derive an average of the upper and lower quartile, and median of each site. Temperatures were used in logistic regressions to determine adjusted associations with death or IQ<70 at 6 to 7 years. Secondary outcomes were death, IQ<70, and moderate/severe cerebral palsy (CP). IQ and motor function were assessed with Wechsler Scales for Children and Gross Motor Function Classification System. Results are odds ratio (OR; per degree Celsius increment within the quartile or median) and 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsPrimary outcome was available for 89 infants. At 6 to 7 years, death or IQ<70 occurred in 54 infants (37 deaths, 17 survivors with IQ<70) and moderate/severe CP in 15 infants. Death or IQ<70 was associated with the upper quartile average of esophageal (OR=7.3, 95% CI=2.0–26.3) and skin temperature (OR=3.5, 95% CI=1.2–10.4). CP was associated with the upper quartile average of esophageal (OR=12.5, 95% CI=1.02–155) and skin temperature (OR=10.3, 95% CI=1.3–80.2).InterpretationAmong noncooled infants of a randomized trial, elevated temperatures during the first postnatal days are associated with increased odds of a worse outcome at 6 to 7 years. Ann Neurol 2013;73:520–528
Novel Cationic Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one Conjugated Fullerene Nanoparticles as Antimycobacterial and Antimicrobial Agents
Authors: Patel Manishkumar B. , Harikrishnan Uma , Valand Nikunj N. , Modi Nishith R. , Menon Shobhana K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA series of novel cationic fullerene derivatives bearing a substituted‐quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one moiety as a side arm were synthesized using the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of C60 with azomethine ylides generated from the corresponding Schiff bases of substituted quinazolinones. The synthesized compounds 5a–f were characterized by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI‐MS and screened for their antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37RV) and antimicrobial activity against selected Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus and S. pyogenes) and Gram‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli) bacterial and fungal strains (Candida albicans, Aspergillus clavatus, and A. niger), respectively. All the compounds exhibited significant activity, with the most effective compounds having MIC values and zones of inhibition comparable to those of standard drugs.
Synthesis, Physical Properties, and Self‐Assembly of A Novel Asymmetric Aroyleneimidazophenazine
Authors: Zhao Jianfeng , Wong Jen It , Wang Chengyuan , Gao Junkuo , Ng Verena Zi Yun , Yang Hui Ying , Loo Say Chye Joachim , Zhang Qichun 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe synthesis, physical properties, and self‐assembly of a novel asymmetric aroyleneimidazophenazine (IZ1) is reported. The as‐prepared IZ1 nanowires display an obvious red fluorescence. A heterojunction light‐emitting diode (LED) device with the structure ITO/IZ1 nanowires/p‐SiC/Al (10 nm)/Ti (80 nm)/Al (380 nm)/ITO was fabricated, and electroluminescence emission with two peaks at about 412 nm and 613 nm was detected with a forward bias ranging from 5 to 10 V.
Pulsed electromagnetic fields on postmenopausal osteoporosis in southwest China: A randomized, active‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Liu Hui‐Fang , Yang Lin , He Hong‐Chen , Zhou Jun , Liu Ying , Wang Chun‐Yan , Wu Yuan‐Chao , He Cheng‐Qi 
Published: January 2013

AbstractA randomized, active‐controlled clinical trial was conducted to examine the effect of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) on women with postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) in southwest China. Forty‐four participants were randomly assigned to receive alendronate or one course of PEMFs treatment. The primary endpoint was the mean percentage change in bone mineral density of the lumbar spine (BMDL), and secondary endpoints were the mean percentage changes in left proximal femur bone mineral density (BMDF), serum 25OH vitamin D3 (25(OH)D) concentrations, total lower‐extremity manual muscle test (LE MMT) score, and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score. The BMDL, BMDF, total LE MMT score and BBS score were recorded at baseline, 5, 12, and 24 weeks. Serum concentrations of 25(OH)D were measured at baseline and 5 weeks. Using a mixed linear model, there was no significant treatment difference between the two groups in the BMDL, BMDF, total LE MMT score, and BBS score (P ≥ 0.05). For 25(OH)D concentrations, the effects were also comparable between the two groups (P ≥ 0.05) with the Mann–Whitney's U‐test. These results suggested that a course of PEMFs treatment with specific parameters was as effective as alendronate in treating PMO within 24 weeks. Bioelectromagnetics 34:323–332, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functionalization of the 3′‐Ends of DNA and RNA Strands with N‐ethyl‐N‐coupled Nucleosides: A Promising Approach To Avoid 3′‐Exonuclease‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides
Authors: Terrazas Montserrat , Alagia Adele , Faustino Ignacio , Orozco Modesto , Eritja Ramon 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe development of nucleic acid derivatives to generate novel medical treatments has become increasingly popular, but the high vulnerability of oligonucleotides to nucleases limits their practical use. We explored the possibility of increasing the stability against 3′‐exonucleases by replacing the two 3′‐terminal nucleotides by N‐ethyl‐N‐coupled nucleosides. Molecular dynamics simulations of 3′‐N‐ethyl‐N‐modified DNA:Klenow fragment complexes suggested that this kind of alteration has negative effects on the correct positioning of the adjacent scissile phosphodiester bond at the active site of the enzyme, and accordingly was expected to protect the oligonucleotide from degradation. We verified that these modifications conferred complete resistance to 3′‐exonucleases. Furthermore, cellular RNAi experiments with 3′‐N‐ethyl‐N‐modified siRNAs showed that these modifications were compatible with the RNAi machinery. Overall, our experimental and theoretical studies strongly suggest that these modified oligonucleotides could be valuable for therapeutic applications.
PTCA with drug‐coated balloons is associated with immediate decrease of coronary flow reserve
Authors: Young Mabelle , Cuculi Florim , Erne Paul 
Published: January 2013

IntroductionDrug‐coated balloons (DCB) are being increasingly used in interventional cardiology. The effect of DCB on acute changes of coronary flow reserve (CFR) has never been reported.MethodsPatients with in‐stent restenosis or with contraindication for use of clopidogrel were included in this study. The FloWire was used to assess CFR before and immediately after conventional balloon angioplasty and after the use of In.Pact, a paclitaxel‐coated balloon. In a sub‐selection of patients, CFR was measured immediately and then 2, 5, and 10 min post‐DCB.ResultsThirty patients (18 males, 60%) with a total of 32 lesions were studied. Comparison of CFR pre‐ and post‐conventional balloon angioplasty was not statistically significant (P = 0.95). CFR dropped significantly after the use of In.Pact (n = 32, 1.59 ± 0.49 vs. 1.22 ± 0.28, P < 0.0001) and showed a statistically significant improvement over 10 min in a subset of patients (n = 6, P = 0.01). Implantation of a coronary stent after the use of In.Pact rapidly improved CFR (n = 10, P = 0.0004).ConclusionsWe describe a novel phenomenon of acute decrease in CFR after the use of DCB. This phenomenon is temporary and spontaneously improves after approximately 10 min. The exact pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear and further studies are warranted to study the long‐term effects of acute CFR drop after use of DCB. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient Tertiary Amine/Weak Acid Bifunctional Mesoporous Silica Catalysts for Michael Addition Reactions
Authors: Das Sayantani , Goswami Anandarup , Murali Nagarajan , Asefa Tewodros 
Published: January 2013

AbstractWe describe the development and application of efficient bifunctional acid–base mesoporous silica catalysts, denoted hereafter as Ext‐SBA‐15‐NMe2, comprising tertiary amine and silanol (weak acid) groups for the Michael addition reaction. The catalysts were synthesized by grafting tertiary amine containing organosilane into the mesoporous channel pores of SBA‐15 mesoporous silica in polar protic solvent (isopropyl alcohol) or nonpolar solvent (toluene). The resulting materials, Ext‐SBA‐15‐NMe2‐IPA or Ext‐SBA‐15‐NMe2‐Tol, respectively, were used as catalysts for the Michael addition reactions between trans‐β‐nitrostyrene(s) and active methylene compounds, such as malononitrile, acetylacetone, and diethylmalonate, at different temperatures. A variable‐temperature NMR‐array technique was used to monitor the reactant conversion and the reaction progress. Among the active methylene compounds tested with trans‐β‐nitrostyrene, malononitrile gave the highest conversion of 90 % in 0.3 h at 0 °C if catalyzed by the catalyst Ext‐SBA‐15‐NMe2‐IPA, the silanol groups of which were not passivated by trimethysilyl (SiMe3) groups. Compared with Ext‐SBA‐15‐NMe2‐Tol, the Ext‐SBA‐15‐NMe2‐IPA material (whose the amine groups were grafted in polar‐protic solvents), in particular, demonstrated an effective cooperative bifunctional catalysis because of its optimized proportions of tertiary amine groups and a significant number of surface silanol groups that were judiciously left behind on the material with this optimized synthetic strategy. The catalytic activity of this material was found to be significantly higher than that of the corresponding material that was grafted in toluene and that contained less optimized proportions of these two catalytic groups (i.e., amine and silanol groups). The bifunctional catalysts also showed good recyclability upon washing with acetone, which offered an effective way of regenerating the catalyst free from any undesired product/substrate bound on the surface of the catalysts.
Unsymmetrical Binding Modes of the HOPNO Inhibitor of Tyrosinase: From Model Complexes to the Enzyme
Authors: Bochot Constance , Favre Elisabeth , Dubois Carole , Baptiste Benoit , Bubacco Luigi , Carrupt Pierre‐Alain , Gellon Gisèle , Hardré Renaud , Luneau Dominique , Moreau Yohann , Nurisso Alessandra , Réglier Marius , Serratrice Guy , Belle Catherine , Jamet Hélène 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe deciphering of the binding mode of tyrosinase (Ty) inhibitors is essential to understand how to regulate the tyrosinase activity. In this paper, by combining experimental and theoretical methods, we studied an unsymmetrical tyrosinase functional model and its interaction with 2‐hydroxypyridine‐N‐oxide (HOPNO), a new and efficient competitive inhibitor for bacterial Ty. The tyrosinase model was a dinuclear copper complex bridged by a chelated ring with two different complexing arms (namely (bis(2‐ethylpyridyl)amino)methyl and (bis(2‐methylpyridyl)amino)methyl). The geometrical asymmetry of the complex induces an unsymmetrical binding of HOPNO. Comparisons have been made with the binding modes obtained on similar symmetrical complexes. Finally, by using quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations, we studied the binding mode in tyrosinase from a bacterial source. A new unsymmetrical binding mode was obtained, which was linked to the second coordination sphere of the enzyme.
Solvatochromic Behavior of Chiral Mesoporous Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Applications for Sensing Small Molecules and Separating Cationic Dyes
Authors: Sun Chun‐Yi , Wang Xin‐Long , Qin Chao , Jin Jun‐Ling , Su Zhong‐Min , Huang Peng , Shao Kui‐Zhan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractTwo anionic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with 1D mesoporous tubes (1) and chiral mesoporous cages (2) have been rationally constructed by means of a predesigned size‐extended hexatopic ligand, namely, 5,5′,5′′‐(1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tris‐ (azanediyl)triisophthalate (TATAT). Charge neutrality is achieved by protonated dimethylamine cations. Notably, the two MOFs can be used to separate large molecules based on ionic selectivity rather than the size‐exclusion effect so far reported in the literature. Owing to the imino triazine backbone and carboxyl groups of the hexatopic ligand, which provide important host–guest interactions, rare solvatochromic phenomena of 1 and 2 are observed on incorporating acetone and ethanol guests. Furthermore, guest‐dependent luminescence properties of compound 2 were investigated, and the results show that luminescence intensity is significantly enhanced in toluene and benzene, while quenching effects are observed in acetone and ethanol. Thus, compound 2 may be a potential material for luminescent probes.
Stepwise Metal–Ligand Cooperation by a Reversible Aromatization/Deconjugation Sequence in Ruthenium Complexes with a Tetradentate Phenanthroline‐Based Ligand
Authors: Langer Robert , Fuchs Ido , Vogt Matthias , Balaraman Ekambaram , Diskin‐Posner Yael , Shimon Linda J. W. , Ben‐David Yehoshoa , Milstein David 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe synthesis and reactivity of ruthenium complexes containing the tetradentate phenanthroline‐based phosphine ligand 2,9‐bis((di‐tert‐butylphosphino)methyl)‐1,10‐phenanthroline (PPhenP) is described. The hydrido chloro complex [RuHCl(PPhenP)] (2) undergoes facile dearomatization upon deprotonation of the benzylic position, to give [RuH(PPhenP‐H)] (4). Addition of dihydrogen to 4 causes rearomatization of the phenanthroline moiety to trans‐[Ru(H)2(PPhenP)] (5), followed by hydrogenation of an aromatic heterocycle in the ligand backbone, to give a new dearomatized and deconjugated complex [RuH(PPhenP*‐H)] (6). These aromatization/deconjugation steps of the coordinated ligand were demonstrated to be reversible and operative in the dehydrogenation of primary alcohols without the need for a hydrogen acceptor. This aromatization/deconjugation sequence constitutes an unprecedented mode of a stepwise cooperation between the metal center and the coordinated ligand.