bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in stroke patients: a prospective multicenter study in Japan
Authors: Takahashi Takeshi , Harada Masahiro , Kikuno Takaaki , Ujihara Makoto , Sadamitsu Daikai , Manabe Yasuhiro , Yasaka Masahiro , Takayama Hayato , Kobori Shozo , Araki Eiichi 
Published: October 2013

AimsThe fact that Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) increases the risk of atherosclerosis has been epidemiologically studied and proven; however, a prospective study on the prevalence of MetS in stroke patients has never been conducted because of the difficulty in diagnosis under critical illness in the acute phase. Therefore, we conducted a prospective multicenter study to investigate the prevalence of MetS in stroke patients with modified diagnostic criteria for MetS.MethodsStroke patients admitted in the seven participating Emergency and Critical Care Centers within the two years from April 2007 were registered in this study as a prospective multicenter study. Inclusion criteria were 50 to 89 year‐old stroke patients who presented within three days from the onset of symptoms. A total of 992 subjects were classified according to the stroke type and the prevalence of MetS and the associated risk factors were investigated. The participants in a medical checkup without any history of a stroke were enrolled as the control group, and compared between the two groups.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS as well as hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in the infarction group was significantly higher than that in the non‐stroke group. While the hemorrhage group showed no significant difference in the prevalence of MetS, only hypertension was significantly high. According to a subtype analysis, there is a significant correlation between waist circumference increment of the stroke patients and the prevalence of the risk factors of hypertension, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia.ConclusionsDifferent risk factors are significantly related to the type of stroke.
Effects of dodecyl amine functionalized graphene oxide on the crystallization behavior of isotactic polypropylene
Authors: Wang Hao , Ren Peng‐Gang , Chen Yan‐Hui , Yan Ding‐Xiang , Li Zhong‐Ming , Xu Ling 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTDodecyl amine functionalized graphene oxide (DA‐GO)/isotactic polypropylene (iPP) nanocomposites were prepared via solution mixing method. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) verified that the DA was successfully grafted onto the surface of graphene oxide. The crystallization behavior of iPP/DA‐GO nanocomposites was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscope (POM). The DSC results of both isothermal and non‐isothermal crystallization process indicated that the addition of DA‐GO can decrease the half‐time crystallization (t1/2) and elevate crystallization peak temperature (Tp) of iPP. The results of isothermal crystallization kinetics showed that the overall crystallization rates of iPP/DA‐GO nanocomposites, especially with higher DA‐GO content, were much faster than that of neat iPP. During the non‐isothermal crystallization process, the nucleation ability (Φ) of nanocomposites containing 0.05, and 0.5 wt % DA‐GO were 0.83 and 0.69, respectively. And the crystallization activation energy
of iPP decreased from 348.7 (neat iPP) to 309.2 and 283.1 kJ/m by addition of 0.05 and 0.5 wt % DA‐GO, respectively. The decrease of Φ and
indicated DA‐GO has strong heterogeneous nucleation effect and can promote the crystallization of iPP significantly. Additionally, POM micrographs showed the DA‐GO in iPP matrix can form more nucleation sites for the spherulite growth. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2014, 131, 40000.
CdTe quantum dots and YAG hybrid phosphors for white light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Yin Yanchun , Wang Rongfang , Zhou Liya 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTCdTe quantum dots, 3.28 nm in size, were synthesized using a one‐step method in an aqueous medium. The CdTe quantum dots were successfully employed as hybrid phosphors for white light‐emitting diode (LED) devices by combining them with yellow‐emitting YAG:Ce phosphor. The color‐rendering index value and International Commission on illumination coordinates for hybrid phosphor white LEDs were 75 and (x = 0.30, y = 0.29), respectively. Compared with conventional phosphors, semiconductor quantum dots have larger band gap energy and broader absorption features, and can be excited more efficiently by optical pumping sources. The results confirmed that the high color‐rendering index value of the white LED was due to the CdTe quantum dots introduced in the hybrid phosphor system. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel laccase with inhibitory activity towards HIV‐I reverse transcriptase and antiproliferative effects on tumor cells from the fermentation broth of mushroom Pleurotus cornucopiae
Authors: Wu Xiangli , Huang Chenyang , Chen Qiang , Wang Hexiang , Zhang Jinxia 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTA novel laccase with a molecular mass of 67 kDa was isolated from the fermentation broth of Pleurotus cornucopiae through ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The optimal pH and temperature for the laccase was pH 4.2 and 30°C, respectively. The laccase activity was remarkably inhibited by Fe3+ and Hg2+, while it was stimulated by Cu2+ and Pb2+. It inhibited proliferation of the hepatoma cells HepG2 and the breast cancer cells MCF‐7, and the activity of HIV‐I reverse transcriptase with IC50 values of 3.9, 7.6 and 3.7 μM, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Asymmetric Arylation of Enals to Enantioenriched Linear Trisubstituted Allylic Secondary Alcohols by using Aryl Lithiums Generated In Situ from Aryl Bromides
Authors: Zhang Lei , Sun Lin , Li Yu‐Yan , Liu Yue , Yang Yong‐Xin , Yuan Rui , Wang Pei , Da Chao‐Shan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCatalytic asymmetric addition of nucleophiles to enals is a straightforward method towards enantioenriched allylic alcohols, which are important for the synthesis of natural and pharmaceutically active compounds. Reactive aryl lithiums, produced in situ from readily available and inexpensive aryl bromides and butyl lithium, were used to enantioselectively arylate a number of α‐substituted cinnamaldehydes in the presence of tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA), AlCl3, and Ti(OiPr)4. This enabled enantioenriched linear trisubstituted allylic secondary alcohols in the catalysis of (S)‐H8‐BINOL‐(TiOiPr)2 complex. TMEDA coordinated the lithium salt generated in situ during transmetallation and effectively inhibited the unwanted background reaction catalyzed by the Lewis acidic lithium salt.
Bio‐Inspired Formal Synthesis of Hirsutellones A–C Featuring an Electrophilic Cyclization Triggered by Remote Lewis Acid‐Activation
Authors: Li Xu‐Wen , Ear Alexandre , Roger Lukas , Riache Nassima , Deville Alexandre , Nay Bastien 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA bio‐inspired strategy was used to complete the formal synthesis of the antitubercular hirsutellone B and congeners A and C, through construction of its decahydrofluorene core from a linear polyene strand activated at both ends by a silyl enol ether and an allyl acetate. Our synthesis features a key electrophilic cyclization, starting with the remote activation (by [Yb(OTf)3] or BF3⋅OEt2) of the allyl acetate and stereoselectively affording the C ring. This was followed by an intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction to get the tricyclic core of the natural product. The stereoselective reduction of the resulting ketone towards the formal intermediate was critical to the success of this strategy.
75 Years of Hydroformulation – Oxo Reactors and Oxo Plants of Ruhrchemie AG and Oxea GmbH from 1938 to 2013
Authors: Hibbel Josef , Wiebus Ernst , Cornils Boy 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDie Hydroformylierung, auch als Oxosynthese oder Roelen‐Reaktion bezeichnet, ist die atomökonomische und metallkatalysierte Addition der Bestandteile des Synthesegases, H2 und CO, an die Doppelbindungen von Alkenen. Sie wurde 1938 von Otto Roelen in den Laboratorien der Ruhrchemie AG entdeckt. Die Bemühungen zur Übertragung des Verfahrens in den technischen Maßstab begannen sofort nach der Patentanmeldung. Sie führten aber während des 2. Weltkrieges und den dadurch bedingten schwierigen Umständen nur zu einem Teilerfolg in den Anlagen der Ruhrchemie AG Oberhausen‐Holten und des Kooperationspartners, der I.G. Farbenindustrie AG. Nach dem 2. Weltkrieg wurden das Ruhrchemie‐Verfahren auf der Basis von Kobaltkatalysatoren und das Ruhrchemie/Rhône‐Poulenc‐Verfahren als erstes technisch wichtiges, wässriges Zweiphasenverfahren mit Rhodiumkatalysatoren zu führenden homogen katalysierten Prozessen der Chemie.
Introgressive hybridization in a trophically polymorphic cichlid
Authors: Hulsey C. Darrin , García‐de‐León Francisco J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTrophically polymorphic species could represent lineages that are rapidly diverging along an ecological axis or could phenotypically mark the collapse of species through introgressive hybridization. We investigated patterns of introgression between the trophically polymorphic cichlid fish Herichthys minckleyi and its relative H. cyanoguttatus using a combination of population genetics and species tree analyses. We first examined the distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes within the alternative H. minckleyi pharyngeal jaw morphotypes that are endemic to the small desert valley of Cuatro Ciénegas. We recovered two clusters of mitochondrial haplotypes. The first contained a number of slightly differentiated cytochrome b (cytb) haplotypes that showed some phylogeographic signal and were present in both jaw morphotypes. The other haplotype was monomorphic, highly differentiated from the other cluster, present in equal frequencies in the morphotypes, and identical to H. cyanoguttatus haplotypes found outside Cuatro Ciénegas. Then, we investigated whether H. minckleyi individuals with the H. cyanoguttatus cytb were more evolutionarily similar to H. cyanoguttatus or other H. minckleyi using a species tree analysis of 84 nuclear loci. Both H. minckleyi pharyngeal morphotypes, regardless of their cytb haplotype, were quite distinct from H. cyanoguttatus. However, hybridization could be blurring subdivision within H. minckleyi as the alternative jaw morphotypes were not genetically distinct from one another. Accounting for introgression from H. cyanoguttatus will be essential to understand the evolution of the trophically polymorphic cichlid H. minckleyi.
Effects of sea‐level rise on barrier island groundwater system dynamics – ecohydrological implications
Authors: Masterson John P. , Fienen Michael N. , Thieler E. Robert , Gesch Dean B. , Gutierrez Benjamin T. , Plant Nathaniel G. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe used a numerical model to investigate how a barrier island groundwater system responds to increases of up to 60 cm in sea level. We found that a sea‐level rise of 20 cm leads to substantial changes in the depth of the water table and the extent and depth of saltwater intrusion, which are key determinants in the establishment, distribution and succession of vegetation assemblages and habitat suitability in barrier islands ecosystems. In our simulations, increases in water‐table height in areas with a shallow depth to water (or thin vadose zone) resulted in extensive groundwater inundation of land surface and a thinning of the underlying freshwater lens. We demonstrated the interdependence of the groundwater response to island morphology by evaluating changes at three sites. This interdependence can have a profound effect on ecosystem composition in these fragile coastal landscapes under long‐term changing climatic conditions. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Sustainable Climate Policy Integration in the European Union
Authors: Rietig Katharina 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe European Union increasingly integrates climate objectives into other policy areas. However, minimizing greenhouse gas emissions is not necessarily compatible with environmental protection or sustainable development, as the examples of nuclear energy, hydropower and biofuels illustrate. Therefore, climate policy integration needs to be compatible with the overarching objective of sustainable development. This article discusses under which conditions legislation that integrates climate objectives contributes to sustainable development and how this can be evaluated at the policy proposal stage. The key contribution is to illustrate in the European context how legislation on climate policy integration can be designed to also contribute to sustainable development. Based on the European Sustainable Development Strategy, this paper proposes four criteria: policy integration and coherence, environmental protection, social and economic development and justice/participation. These criteria are used to evaluate the Renewable Energy Directive and the 2014–2020 Common Agricultural Policy proposal. The paper concludes that both case studies can serve as best‐practice examples for other policies on the European and national levels of how climate policy integration can be designed to also meet minimum levels of sustainable development. Policy implications are the inclusion of these criteria for sustainable climate policy integration into EU impact assessments and their use as minimum benchmarks in the policy debate as an evaluation tool that can be easily used by policy makers and stakeholders to evaluate if a negotiated compromise on a policy that integrates climate objectives still contributes to both reducing emissions and sustainable development. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Evolutions in E‐governance: Evidence from Spanish Local Governments
Authors: García‐Sánchez Isabel‐María , Rodríguez‐Domínguez Luis , Frias‐Aceituno José‐Valeriano 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper analyzes the development of e‐government, both as an overall process and in each of the three stages identified in the prior literature (e‐government, e‐governance and e‐democracy) in order to determine the expansion of the use of e‐government with the purpose of encouraging citizens' engagement and ability to obtain public services and exchange information with their government online.The analysis has focused on 102 Spanish municipalities, which allow us a more homogeneous comparative analysis. First, we perform a content analysis of their web pages, based on an information index. Also, we undertake some descriptive analyses and graphical figures.The results obtained demonstrate that Spanish municipalities show high information transparency in economic, environmental and social matters, allowing the undertaking of administrative proceedings online and actively promoting the participation of interest groups in strategic, sustainable and managerial issues. However, the Spanish legislation needs to regulate the development of local government e‐administration in order to improve the current one‐way e‐participatory status towards a two‐way relationship of mutual feedback and finally to a partner relationship between government and society. Also, the diversity in e‐government development suggests that it is not theoretically adequate to consider it as an aggregate concept, requiring research to focus on particular applications in order to obtain useful insights. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Improving the Policy Mix: The Scope for Market‐Based Instruments in EU Biodiversity Policy
Authors: Klassert Christian , Möckel Stefan 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe European Union (EU) is still lagging behind its objective to halt the loss of biodiversity. Current research shows promising ways to improve the cost‐effectiveness of existing policy mixes for habitat protection through the introduction of market‐based instruments. To harness the potential of these ideas for the pursuit of the EU's biodiversity conservation objective during upcoming changes in the policy landscape and to identify the optimal allocation for each instrument, it is necessary to understand the scope for the introduction of market‐based instruments across all relevant fields of EU policymaking. So far, there are, however, few systematic analyses satisfying this purpose. This article analyzes existing instruments under the Birds and the Habitats Directives and the Common Agricultural Policy, and thede legeandde factoconstraints and opportunities that result from these policies for the introduction of additional market‐based instruments. The analysis shows that the distribution of authority between the EU and its member states gives each of them different comparative advantages for the introduction of market‐based instruments in the different policy fields. These provide various opportunities for the improvement of the existing policy mix for habitat protection. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Synthesis of a Comprehensive Polyprenol Library for the Evaluation of Bacterial Enzyme Lipid Substrate Specificity
Authors: Wu Baolin , Woodward Robert , Wen Liuqing , Wang Xuan , Zhao Guohui , Wang Peng George 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPolyprenols, a universal class of glycan‐carrier lipids, play important roles in glycan biosynthesis in wide variety of living organisms. The chemical synthesis of natural polyisoprenols such as undecaprenol and dolichols, and even more so the synthesis of their homologs, could serve as a powerful way to investigate and define the functions of enzymes involved in glycan biosynthesis. In this paper, we report an efficient and reliable method to construct this type of hydrophoic molecule using a base‐mediated iterative coupling approach based on a key bifunctional (Z,Z)‐diisoprenyl building block. The ligation of N‐acetyl‐D‐glactosamine (GalNAc) with a set of the synthesized lipid analogs to form polyprenol‐pyrophosphate‐linked GalNAc (GalNAc‐PP‐lipid) conjugates is also demonstrated.
Management architecture for green cognitive radio equipments
Authors: Lazrak Oussama , Bourbia Salma , Moy Christophe , Guennec Daniel Le , Leray Pierre , Grati Khaled , Gazel Adel 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTWe assert in this paper that a management architecture has to be added to usual signal processing chain of radio equipment in order to integrate green management capabilities. The proposed architecture is based on our previous work on hierarchical and distributed cognitive radio (CR) architecture management for CR equipments. We assert that, at the level of an equipment, green radio can be considered as a subset of CR. A model‐based approach is derived for the design of green radio equipments. As an example, we address in this paper a green scenario, which consists in bypassing the equaliser in function of signal to noise ratio and inter‐symbol interference levels at a receiver. Then we show how we save energy, thanks to a complexity reduction. Both signal processing and implementations views are given for this scenario, which shows how our approach helps converting principles into reality. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐fat frankfurters from protein concentrates of tilapia viscera and mechanically separated tilapia meat
Authors: Cavenaghi‐Altemio Angela D. , Alcade Lígia B. , Fonseca Gustavo G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn order to develop a healthy low‐fat frankfurter‐type sausage, different formulations were developed with tilapia viscera surimi (T1) and two with mechanically separated tilapia meat (MSTM) surimi (T2 and T3), all without pig lard addition. Due to technological problems observed for T1 sausage during cooking, it was not further investigated. The functionality of the other two formulations was evaluated based on proximate composition, pH, water activity, and texture. Finally, microbiological and sensory analyses based on acceptance tests were performed. Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. were found to be absent. T2 showed higher frequencies for the attributes color (90.0%) and overall acceptability (86.7%), while T3 showed higher frequencies for taste (86.7%) and texture (96.7%). The surimi concentration was reflected in the physical properties of the sausages. It was found that the addition of MSTM surimi to sausage favored greater cutting strength (3.9 N for T2 and 4.9 N for T3). Beyond the surimi utilization, the total replacement of pig lard by cassava starch and soybean protein had also contributed with the texture properties.
Alternate Energy: US Biogas Markets Growing, Especially Anaerobic Digestion and Organics
Authors: Viau Emily 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAs the 1985 blockbuster “Back to the Future” predicted when a banana peel was needed to fuel a Delorean, in 2012 we saw major project developments blossoming across the United States and the first food scrap digesters coming online. This article will explore anaerobic digestion (AD) electricity potential across the United States, technology considerations, and the federal, state, and local market drivers that are propelling developments in 2013–14.
Natural Gas Liquids—Regulation: FERC/Not FERC? Determining Jurisdictional Status of NGL Pipeline Service
Authors: Boudreaux Michelle T. , Hoff Amy L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAs the production of natural gas liquids (NGLs) has increased during the last five years—rising almost 40 percent from 2006 to 2012—existing pipeline transportation infrastructure has proven inadequate to handle these increased volumes of NGLs. The industry has responded to the need for NGL infrastructure investment in a variety of ways: by expanding existing NGL pipelines, repurposing pipelines that currently are idled or being used to transport other commodities, reversing existing lines, and constructing new greenfield pipelines. As the investment required for these NGL pipeline projects is significant and the demand for NGL transportation service is high, understanding the jurisdictional status of NGL pipeline transportation service and the regulatory implications of that status is imperative to pipeline owners and NGL producers alike. This article provides an overview of the jurisdictional question and examines the factors that are used to determine whether a NGL pipeline's transportation service will be subject to federal jurisdiction.