bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aqueous enzymatic extraction and demulsification of camellia seed oil (Camellia oleifera Abel.) and the oil's physicochemical properties
Authors: Fang Xuezhi , Fei Xueqian , Sun Hong , Jin Yongfeng 
Published: April 2015

An aqueous enzymatic extraction method was developed to extract oil from camellia seed (Camellia oleifera Abel.). Individual enzymes and combinations of enzymes, pH, the ratio of material to water, reaction time and methods of demulsification were studied. The effects of hexane and aqueous enzymatic extraction on the oil's physicochemical properties (acid value, peroxide value, fatty acid profile, phenolics, and phospholipids content) were compared. The combination of protease/cellulase yielded significantly more oil than did other combinations. Under the optimal reaction conditions, a free oil yield of 82.37% was obtained. Four types of demulsification methods were compared. After demulsification with 20% ethanol (v/v), the highest total free oil yield of 91.38% was achieved. Compared with hexane‐extracted oil, aqueous enzymatic‐extracted oil was more acidic; had a higher percentage of monounsaturated fatty acid and contents of vitamin E and squalene; and had lower peroxide values, percentage of total saturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated acid, and content of both total phenolics and total phospholipids.Practical applications: The current work will contribute to an efficient enzymatic extraction method for camellia seed oil and help with the develop a method to demulsify the emulsion.An aqueous enzymatic extraction method was developed to extract oil from camellia seed (Camellia oleifera Abel.). Individual enzymes and combinations of enzymes, pH, the ratio of material to water, reaction time and methods of demulsification were studied. The effects of hexane and aqueous enzymatic extraction on the oil's physicochemical properties (acid value, peroxide value, fatty acid profile, phenolics, and phospholipids content) were compared. The combination of protease/cellulase yielded significantly more oil than did other combinations. Under the optimal reaction conditions, a free oil yield of 82.37% was obtained. Four types of demulsification methods were compared. After demulsification with 20% ethanol (v/v), the highest total free oil yield of 91.38% was achieved. Compared with hexane‐extracted oil, aqueous enzymatic‐extracted oil was more acidic; had a higher percentage of monounsaturated fatty acid and contents of vitamin E and squalene; and had lower peroxide values, percentage of total saturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated acid, and content of both total phenolics and total phospholipids.
Plasma triacylglycerol‐lowering activity of citrus polymethoxylated flavones is mediated by modulating the genes involved in lipid metabolism in hamsters
Authors: Lei Lin , Li Yuk Man , Wang Xiaobo , Liu Yuwei , Ma Ka Ying , Wang Lijun , Man Sun Wa , Zhang Chengnan , Huang Yu , Chen Zhen‐Yu 
Published: April 2015

The present study investigated the underlying mechanism by which citrus polymethoxylated flavones (PMF) reduced plasma triacylglycerols (TG) in hamsters. Four groups of male hamsters were given a non‐cholesterol diet (NCD), a high cholesterol diet (HCD), a high cholesterol diet with supplementation of 0.5% PMF (L‐PMF), and a high cholesterol diet with supplementation of 1.0% PMF (H‐PMF), respectively, for 8 weeks. Results showed PMF could lower plasma TG by 32–46%, but it had no effect on plasma cholesterol. This was accompanied by down‐regulation of mRNA of liver sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP1c), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARα) while up‐regulation of liver lipoprotein lipase (LPL). In addition, dietary PMF increased cholesterol by 5–15% and total lipids by 34–43% in the liver. PMF supplementation also reduced the body weight gain and the relative weights of white adipose tissue pads by 23–39%, possibly by decreasing the gene expression of FAS and LPL in the epididymal fat pad. It was concluded that plasma TG‐lowering activity of dietary PMF was mediated by modulating genes involved in lipid metabolism in hamsters.Practical applications: Hyperlipidemia is one of the risk factors for coronary heart diseases. The present study found that polymethoxylated flavones (PMF) were effective in reducing plasma triacylglycerols and adipose tissue weight. PMF may be developed as a nutraceutical to prevent hyperlipidemia and obesity.Citrus polymethoxylated flavones are able to reduce plasma triacylglycerols via two mechanisms of inhibition of lipogenesis and enhancement of lipid uptake by the liver, most likely mediated by down‐regulation of SREBP1c and FAS along with up‐regulation of LPL in the liver.
The International Effects of US Uncertainty
Authors: Jones Paul M. , Olson Eric 
Published: April 2015

AbstractWe propose domestic uncertainty shocks may serve as a channel through which business cycles are transmitted internationally. To quantify uncertainty, we use two measures from the current literature and estimate vector autoregressions to evaluate the effects US uncertainty shocks have on the Japanese and British economies. Our results suggest that US uncertainty shocks have international effects consistent with a demand shock in the context of an open‐economy aggregate demand and aggregate supply model with sticky prices. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphs of Large Linear Size Are Antimagic
Authors: Eccles Tom 
Published: April 2015

AbstractGiven a graph and a colouring , the induced colour of a vertex v is the sum of the colours at the edges incident with v. If all the induced colours of vertices of G are distinct, the colouring is called antimagic. If G has a bijective antimagic colouring , the graph G is called antimagic. A conjecture of Hartsfield and Ringel states that all connected graphs other than K2 are antimagic. Alon, Kaplan, Lev, Roddity and Yuster proved this conjecture for graphs with minimum degree at least for some constant c; we improve on this result, proving the conjecture for graphs with average degree at least some constant d0.
Predicting laser weld reliability with stochastic reduced‐order models
Authors: Emery John M. , Field Richard V. , Foulk James W. , Karlson Kyle N. , Grigoriu Mircea D. 
Published: April 2015

SummaryLaser welds are prevalent in complex engineering systems and they frequently govern failure. The weld process often results in partial penetration of the base metals, leaving sharp crack‐like features with a high degree of variability in the geometry and material properties of the welded structure. Accurate finite element predictions of the structural reliability of components containing laser welds requires the analysis of a large number of finite element meshes with very fine spatial resolution, where each mesh has different geometry and/or material properties in the welded region to address variability. Traditional modeling approaches cannot be efficiently employed. To this end, a method is presented for constructing a surrogate model, based on stochastic reduced‐order models, and is proposed to represent the laser welds within the component. Here, the uncertainty in weld microstructure and geometry is captured by calibrating plasticity parameters to experimental observations of necking as, because of the ductility of the welds, necking – and thus peak load – plays the pivotal role in structural failure. The proposed method is exercised for a simplified verification problem and compared with the traditional Monte Carlo simulation with rather remarkable results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep disturbances and related factors among family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Lee Kwo‐Chen , Yiin Jia‐Jean , Lin Pi‐Chu , Lu Shu‐Hua 
Published: April 2015

AbstractObjectiveSleep disturbances among family caregivers (FCs) are common in advanced cancer. The comprehensive factors for sleep disturbances among the FCs of patients with cancer have not been investigated in Taiwan. The purposes of this study were to investigate the sleep disturbances among the FCs of patients with advanced cancer and to determine predictors of sleep disturbance.MethodsA descriptive, cross‐sectional study was conducted among 172 FCs. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and wrist actigraphy. A linear regression model was used to identify the predictive factors for sleep quality.ResultsSeventy‐six percent of the FCs experienced some sleep disturbances. Female gender, more fatigue, greater depression, more caregiving burden, and spending over 16 h per day on caregiving tasks were risk factors for sleep disturbances in caregivers.ConclusionsSleep disturbances were common among the Taiwanese FCs of patients with advanced cancer. FCs with risk factors for sleep disturbances should be identified and provided assistance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of SrGa2S4:Eu green emitting phosphor using liquid phase process
Authors: Kominami Hiroko , Nakanishi Yoichiro , Hara Kazuhiko 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe synthesis process of sulfide phosphors using liquid phase reaction was investigated to aim at fine particle. SrGa2S4:Eu green emitting phosphor was prepared using chlorides and sodium sulfide as source materials. After chemical reaction of acid and alkali, obtained sediments were fired in sulfur atmosphere. The powders were determined at SrGa2S4 single phase by X‐ray diffraction measurement, and the obtained phosphor showed green emission of SrGa2S4:Eu excited by 325 nm of He‐Cd laser and EB excitation. It indicates that it is possibility of new synthesis method for fine‐particle sulfide phosphors. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of Zn‐dopant on structural properties and electrochromic performance of sol‐gel derived NiO thin films
Authors: Noonuruk Russameeruk , Mekprasart1 Wanichaya , Pecharapa Wisanu 
Published: April 2015

AbstractZn‐doped NiO thin films were prepared by sol‐gel spin‐coating method onto transparent conducting substrates using nickel acetate tetrahydrate and zinc acetate dehydrate as starting precursors. Effects of zinc doping content on the structural, optical and electrochromic properties of NiO films were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission‐scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscopy, UV‐VIS spectrophotometer and cyclic voltammetry. The results reveal that Zn doping has significant influence on crystallinity deterioration, surface topography alternation and electrochromic performance of the films. The expansion of active surface area due to reduced crystallinity of the films resulting to the increase of charge transfer in the electrochemical reaction. It is indicated that electrochromic performance of sol‐gel derived NiO films can be ameliorated by the incorporation of Zn additive at specific content. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic structure of YbNiX3 (X =Si, Ge) studied by hard X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Sato Hitoshi , Utsumi Yuki , Kodama Junichi , Nagata Heisuke , Avila Marcos A. , Ribeiro Raquel A. , Umeo Kazunori , Takabatake Toshiro , Mimura Kojiro , Motonami Satoru , Anzai Hiroaki , Ueda Shigenori , Shimada Kenya , Namatame Hirofumi , Taniguchi Masaki 
Published: April 2015

Abstractlectronic structure of the Kondo lattices YbNiX3 (X =Si, Ge) has been investigated by means of hard x‐ray photoemission spectroscopy (HAXPES) with hν = 5.95 keV. From the Yb 3d HAXPES spectra, the Yb valence in YbNiSi3 is estimated to be ∼ 2.92, which is almost temperature‐independent. On the other hand, the valence in YbNiGe3 is estimated to be 2.48 at 300 K, showing significant valence fluctuation, and gradually decreases to 2.41 at 20 K on cooling. The Ni 2p3/2 and Yb3+ 4f peaks exhibit opposite energy shifts amounting to ∼ 0.6 eV between YbNiSi3 and YbNiGe3. We propose a simple model for the electronic structure of YbNiX3 based on the HAXPES results. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Phonon‐phonon interaction in CdGa2Se2 single crystals
Authors: Kerimova T. G. , Abdullayev N. A. , Kengerlinski L. Y. , Mamedova I. A. , Ibragimov N. I. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractRaman scattering spectra of CdGa2Se4 single crystals were measured in temperature range 8‐300 K. From the temperature dependence of optical phonons of B (196 cm‐1) and E (246 cm‐1) symmetry type, the lattice deformation and phonon‐phonon interaction contributions to the temperature coefficient of phonon shift were calculated. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cu2ZnSnS4 thin film deposited by pulse laser deposition
Authors: Watanabe Yusuke , Miura Hiroki , Shim Yong‐Gu , Wakita Kazuki 
Published: April 2015

AbstractIn this work, bulk Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) poly‐crystals which were used as a target of the pulse laser deposition (PLD) method were grown using the solid‐phase method. The CZTS poly‐crystals were then investigated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and compositional analyses. It was observed that impure crystal phases were reduced with increasing heat growth duration, and they almost completely disappeared in the crystals grown for 96 h at 980 °C. The lattice constants of the a and c axes were estimated from the XRD data and found to be 5.4307 Å and 10.8680 Å, respectively, which are in good agreement with the standard values of 5.4340 Å and 10.8560 Å, as according to JCPDS Card 01‐075‐4122. Our results indicate that the CZTS poly‐crystals have either a kesterite or a stannite structure. Raman spectra confirmed the existence of CZTS without any secondary phases in the form of binary or ternary sulfides. CZTS poly‐crystals were found to be nearly stoichiometric, and they possessed a uniform composition. CZTS thin films were deposited using the PLD method, and were evaluated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), composition analysis, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). Very few additional impurity phases were detected in CZTS thin films deposited at a pulse energy density of 5 mJ/mm2. Finally, the composition of the CZTS thin films was not consistent with that of the CZTS poly‐crystals as a target of PLD method. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In vitro and in vivo Bone‐Forming Activity of Saururus chinensis Extract
Authors: Moon Seong‐Hee , Choi Sik‐Won , Park Sang‐Joon , Ryu Shi‐Yong , Hwang Kyu‐Seok , Kim Cheol‐Hee , Kim Seong Hwan 
Published: April 2015

Bone is maintained by osteoclast‐mediated resorption and osteoblast‐mediated formation. Recently, anti‐osteoporotic activity of Saururus chinensis extract (SCE) and anti‐osteoclastogenic activity of its components have been reported, but the effect of SCE on bone formation has not been studied well. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether Saururus chinensis SCE exhibits in vitro osteogenic and in vivo bone‐forming activity. extract strongly enhanced the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)‐2‐stimulated induction of alkaline phosphatase, an early phase biomarker of osteoblast differentiation, in bi‐potential mesenchymal progenitor C2C12 cells. In vitro osteogenic activity of SCE was accompanied by enhanced expression of BMP‐2, BMP‐4, BMP‐7 and BMP‐9 mRNA. In addition, a pharmacological inhibition study suggested the involvement of p38 activation in the osteogenic action of SCE. Moreover, the BMP dependency and the involvement of p38 activation in the osteogenic action of SCE were confirmed by the treatment of noggin, an antagonist of BMP. Saururus chinensis extract also exhibited to induce runt‐related transcription factor 2 activation at the high concentration. Furthermore, the in vivo osteogenic activity of SCE was confirmed in zebrafish and mouse calvarial bone formation models, suggesting the possibility of its use for bone formation. In conclusion, we suggested that in vivo anti‐osteoporotic activity of SCE could be because of its dual action in bone, anti‐osteoclastogenic and anabolic activity. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed consensus tracking for multi‐agent systems under two types of attacks
Authors: Feng Zhi , Hu Guoqiang , Wen Guanghui 
Published: April 2015

SummaryThis paper studies a distributed coordinated control problem for a class of linear multi‐agent systems subject to two types of attacks. The problem boils down to how to achieve secure consensus tracking for multi‐agent systems with connected and disconnected (paralyzed) directed switching topologies caused by two types of attacks. The attacks on the edges instead of nodes lead to the loss of security performance. Two cases are studied in this paper. First, under only a class of connectivity‐maintained attacks, sufficient conditions are derived to achieve secure consensus tracking in mean‐square. Second, when the multi‐agent systems are further subject to a class of connectivity‐broken attacks, novel sufficient conditions are further obtained to ensure secure consensus tracking with a specified convergence rate by virtue of the idea of average dwell time switching between some stable and unstable subsystems. Three numerical simulations are finally given to illustrate the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Species richness and density of wintering ducks on wetlands reserve program easements in Mississippi
Authors: Fleming K. Sarah , Kaminski Richard M. , Schummer Michael L. , Nelms Kevin D. , Ervin Gary N. , Tietjen Todd E. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe Mississippi Alluvial Valley provides important habitats for migrating and wintering waterfowl and is a priority area for restoration of wetlands through the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP). Management of WRP wetlands varies from no management to active annual management of vegetation and water levels, which may influence wintering waterfowl use. We modeled variation in species richness and density of dabbling and diving ducks (Anatini, Aythyini) relative to a published Vegetative Forage Quality Assessment Index (VFQI; Fleming et al. 2012) of duck foods, other floristic metrics, and management type of WRP wetlands in Mississippi, USA, during autumns–winters 2007–2009. Duck species richness was correlated positively with wetland area when precipitation was below normal (winter 2007–2008), but not in 2008–2009 when landscape‐level flooding occurred. Duck densities varied positively with VFQI on wetlands with active management and late‐summer drawdown, but not on passive or active managed areas with early drawdown. Duck densities decreased with increasing woody vegetation. Models including VFQI explain ≤27% of the variation in duck densities, suggesting that ducks may also be selecting wetlands based on metrics that are not related to VFQI or wetland management. Active managed wetlands may produce the greatest VFQI, but our results suggest this technique need not always result in increased use by ducks. Nevertheless, we recommend active management of WRP wetlands to sustain food at the landscape level for migrating and wintering ducks. We also recommend continued study of metrics other than VFQI that may potentially influence use of wetlands by waterfowl. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Synthesis, Structure, and Nonlinear Optical Activity of K, Rb, and Cs Tris(crotonato)uranylates(VI)
Authors: Savchenkov Anton V. , Vologzhanina Anna V. , Serezhkina Larisa B. , Pushkin Denis V. , Stefanovich Sergey Yu. , Serezhkin Viktor N. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThree uranyl crotonate complexes with composition RUO2(C3H5COO)3 [R = K (I), Rb (II), Cs (III)] were studied using FT‐IR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analyses. The structures of I–III are constructed of typical anionic tris(carboxylato)uranylate complexes [UO2(C3H5COO)3]–. Cubic crystals of I and II have 3D framework structure, whereas triclinic crystals of III have layered structure. In the structure of III uranyl ions are nonlinear and non equal‐arm due to uranyl‐cation UO22+–Cs+ interactions. Nonlinear optical activity of noncentrosymmetric uranyl carboxylates was estimated by second harmonic generation measurements. Uranyl crotonate complexes show about twice higher SHG ability than uranyl butyrate and valerate complexes.
AuNi3Si6 and Au2Ni4Si7: Two New Structure Types Related to the CaF2‐Type Structure
Authors: Stacher Matthias , Effenberger Herta S. , Ipser Herbert , Richter Klaus W. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe two compounds AuNi3Si6 and Au2Ni4Si7 were prepared from the elements by arc melting and subsequent annealing at 500 °C. They were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (powder and single‐crystal methods) and by scanning‐electron microscopy which was used for the independent determination of the phase compositions. Both compounds show only minor homogeneity ranges. Single‐crystal XRD was used for structure determination. Both title compounds crystallize in new structure types; AuNi3Si6 (Pearson symbol hR30, space group R$\bar{3}$m) and Au2Ni4Si7 (Pearson symbol mC26, space group C2/m). The new crystal structures are related to that of NiSi2 (CaF2‐type); AuNi3Si6 may be derived from this structure by a shear operation, while Au2Ni4Si7 may be regarded as intergrowth structure of the CaF2 and Hg2Pt‐type.
The phenotypic spectrum of organic acidurias and urea cycle disorders. Part 2: the evolving clinical phenotype
Authors: Kölker Stefan , Valayannopoulos Vassili , Burlina Alberto B. , Sykut‐Cegielska Jolanta , Wijburg Frits A. , Teles Elisa Leão , Zeman Jiri , Dionisi‐Vici Carlo , Barić Ivo , Karall Daniela , Arnoux Jean‐Baptiste , Avram Paula , Baumgartner Matthias R. , Blasco‐Alonso Javier , Boy S. P. Nikolas , Rasmussen Marlene Bøgehus , Burgard Peter , Chabrol Brigitte , Chakrapani Anupam , Chapman Kimberly , Cortès i Saladelafont Elisenda , Couce Maria L. , de Meirleir Linda , Dobbelaere Dries , Furlan Francesca , Gleich Florian , González Maria Julieta , Gradowska Wanda , Grünewald Stephanie , Honzik Tomas , Hörster Friederike , Ioannou Hariklea , Jalan Anil , Häberle Johannes , Haege Gisela , Langereis Eveline , de Lonlay Pascale , Martinelli Diego , Matsumoto Shirou , Mühlhausen Chris , Murphy Elaine , de Baulny Hélène Ogier , Ortez Carlos , Pedrón Consuelo C. , Pintos‐Morell Guillem , Pena‐Quintana Luis , Ramadža Danijela Petković , Rodrigues Esmeralda , Scholl‐Bürgi Sabine , Sokal Etienne , Summar Marshall L. , Thompson Nicholas , Vara Roshni , Pinera Inmaculada Vives , Walter John H. , Williams Monique , Lund Allan M. , Garcia Cazorla Angeles 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe disease course and long‐term outcome of patients with organic acidurias (OAD) and urea cycle disorders (UCD) are incompletely understood.AimsTo evaluate the complex clinical phenotype of OAD and UCD patients at different ages.ResultsAcquired microcephaly and movement disorders were common in OAD and UCD highlighting that the brain is the major organ involved in these diseases. Cardiomyopathy [methylmalonic (MMA) and propionic aciduria (PA)], prolonged QTc interval (PA), optic nerve atrophy [MMA, isovaleric aciduria (IVA)], pancytopenia (PA), and macrocephaly [glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1)] were exclusively found in OAD patients, whereas hepatic involvement was more frequent in UCD patients, in particular in argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) deficiency. Chronic renal failure was often found in MMA, with highest frequency in mut0 patients. Unexpectedly, chronic renal failure was also observed in adolescent and adult patients with GA1 and ASL deficiency. It had a similar frequency in patients with or without a movement disorder suggesting different pathophysiology. Thirteen patients (classic OAD: 3, UCD: 10) died during the study interval, ten of them during the initial metabolic crisis in the newborn period. Male patients with late‐onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency were presumably overrepresented in the study population.ConclusionsNeurologic impairment is common in OAD and UCD, whereas the involvement of other organs (heart, liver, kidneys, eyes) follows a disease‐specific pattern. The identification of unexpected chronic renal failure in GA1 and ASL deficiency emphasizes the importance of a systematic follow‐up in patients with rare diseases.