bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sealing Features of Fluid‐Rock System and its Control on Acidic Dissolution in Cretaceous Sandstone Reservoirs, Kuqa Subbasin
Authors: Denglin HAN , Man LI , Zhong LI , TORABI Anita 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation is the main gas‐bearing strata in the northern structural deformation zone of Kuqa subbasin. The acidic dissolution of this formation arose at 5–4Ma, which corresponds to the late burial stage of the Bashijiqike Formation. Variability of interlayer due to rock composition is negligible. Differentiation of acidic dissolution in sandstones was controlled by difference in amount of exogenous acid fluid from underlying strata. For the absence of sedimentary and structural carrier system between the isolated sandstone reservoirs, most fluid‐rock systems show relative sealing feature during later burial stage by sealing feature of formation pressure, geochemical characteristics of formation water and content of diagenetic products in sandstones. Variation of sealing effects for different fluid‐rock systems is obvious. The pressure coefficient is inversely proportional to acidic dissolved porosity of sandstone reservoirs, indicating that the variation of sealing effects for fluid‐rock system mainly controls the differentiation of acidic dissolution.
Potential and Suitability Evaluation of CO2 Geological Storage in Major Sedimentary Basins of China, and the Demonstration Project in Ordos Basin
Authors: Jianqiang GUO , Dongguang WEN , Senqi ZHANG , Tianfu XU , Xufeng LI , Yujie DIAO , Xiaofeng JIA 
Published: August 2015

AbstractFrom 2010 to 2012, the China Geological Survey Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey (CHEGS) carried out the project “Potential evaluation and demonstration project of CO2 Geological Storage in China”. During this project, we developed an evaluation index system and technical methods for the potential and suitability of CO2 geological storage based on China's geological conditions, and evaluated the potential and suitability of the primary basins for CO2 geological storage, in order to draw a series of regional scale maps (at a scale of 1:5000000) and develop an atlas of the main sedimentary basins in China. By using these tools, we delineated many potential targets for CO2 storage. We also built techniques and methods for site selection and the exploration and assessment of CO2 geological storage in deep saline aquifers. Furthermore, through cooperation with the China Shenhua Coal to Liquid and Chemical Co., Ltd., we successfully constructed the first coal‐based demonstration project for CO2 geological storage in deep saline aquifers in the Yijinhuoluo Banner of Ordos in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which brought about the basic preliminary theories, techniques, and methods of geological CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers under China's geological conditions.
A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Tungsten Deposits in China
Authors: Jifu SHENG , Lijun LIU , Denghong WANG , Zhenghui CHEN , Lijuan YING , Fan HUANG , Jiahuan WANG , Le ZENG 
Published: August 2015

AbstractTungsten ore resources are abundant in China with relatively complete types of deposits. Skarn type and quartz vein type deposits are dominated in the tungsten resources, whereas quartz vein type wolframite deposits are most important in terms of exploitation and utilization. Skarn type tungsten deposits are concentratedly distributed in the central Nanling region, such as South Hunan, South Anhui and the eastern Qinling region, while quartz vein type tungsten deposits occur mainly in South China, such as West Fujian, South Jiangxi, North Guangdong and South Hunan. The most important metallogenic epoch of tungsten is the Mesozoic, while the metallogenic tectonic setting is featured by an intracontinental environment after orogeny with sever tectonic movements, deep‐seated faults and frequent magmatic activities, especially Mesozoic granitoids closely related to tungsten‐tin mineralization. 22 metallogenic series of ore deposits characterized by or significantly related to tungsten were defined based on precise statistic information of 1199 tungsten mining areas and thorough the summary of metallogenic regularities. Based on studies of the metallogenic regularity of tungsten deposits, skarn type (or greisen type), quartz vein type and massif‐type of tungsten deposits are thought to be the key prediction types. 65 tungsten‐forming belts and 22 key ore concentration areas were ascertained and a distribution map of tungsten‐forming belts of China was compiled, which provided a theoretical basis for evaluation and prediction of potential tungsten resources.
Chronic mTOR inhibition in mice with rapamycin alters T, B, myeloid, and innate lymphoid cells and gut flora and prolongs life of immune‐deficient mice
Authors: Hurez Vincent , Dao Vinh , Liu Aijie , Pandeswara Srilakshmi , Gelfond Jonathan , Sun Lishi , Bergman Molly , Orihuela Carlos J. , Galvan Veronica , Padrón Álvaro , Drerup Justin , Liu Yang , Hasty Paul , Sharp Zelton Dave , Curiel Tyler J. 
Published: August 2015

SummaryThe mammalian (mechanistic) target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates critical immune processes that remain incompletely defined. Interest in mTOR inhibitor drugs is heightened by recent demonstrations that the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin extends lifespan and healthspan in mice. Rapamycin or related analogues (rapalogues) also mitigate age‐related debilities including increasing antigen‐specific immunity, improving vaccine responses in elderly humans, and treating cancers and autoimmunity, suggesting important new clinical applications. Nonetheless, immune toxicity concerns for long‐term mTOR inhibition, particularly immunosuppression, persist. Although mTOR is pivotal to fundamental, important immune pathways, little is reported on immune effects of mTOR inhibition in lifespan or healthspan extension, or with chronic mTOR inhibitor use. We comprehensively analyzed immune effects of rapamycin as used in lifespan extension studies. Gene expression profiling found many and novel changes in genes affecting differentiation, function, homeostasis, exhaustion, cell death, and inflammation in distinct T‐ and B‐lymphocyte and myeloid cell subpopulations. Immune functions relevant to aging and inflammation, and to cancer and infections, and innate lymphoid cell effects were validated in vitro and in vivo. Rapamycin markedly prolonged lifespan and healthspan in cancer‐ and infection‐prone mice supporting disease mitigation as a mechanism for mTOR suppression‐mediated longevity extension. It modestly altered gut metagenomes, and some metagenomic effects were linked to immune outcomes. Our data show novel mTOR inhibitor immune effects meriting further studies in relation to longevity and healthspan extension.
Outcomes of slit mesh in laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair: Does it affect recurrence?
Authors: Chia Clement LK , Su Jun , Hoe Yingmin , Shelat Vishal G , Junnarkar Sameer P , Low Jeekeem , Woon Winston WL 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare outcomes between slit and non‐slit mesh placement in laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of 113 patients who underwent laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair with Ultrapro mesh between January 2010 and December 2011. Sixty‐two and 82 hernias were operated on in the slit mesh and non‐slit mesh groups, respectively. Postoperative complications, recurrence, and patient satisfaction levels were evaluated.ResultsOne hernia in the slit mesh group (1/62, 1.6%) and one in the non‐slit mesh group (1/82, 1.2%) developed recurrence (P = 1.00). The incidence of postoperative neuralgia was 4/62 (6.5%) and 7/82 (8.5%) in the slit mesh and non‐slit mesh groups, respectively (P = 0.76). Satisfaction rates in the slit mesh and non‐slit mesh groups were similar at 60/62 (96.8%) and 80/82 (97.6%), respectively (P = 1.00).ConclusionNo significant differences in outcomes were found between slit and non‐slit mesh placement. Both have low complication rates, low recurrence rates, and high satisfaction levels.
Suicide in veterinarians and veterinary nurses in Australia: 2001–2012
Authors: Milner AJ , Niven H , Page K , LaMontagne AD 
Published: August 2015

BackgroundWhether veterinarians have an elevated suicide rate compared with the general population is controversial.MethodsReported cases of suicide among veterinarians and veterinary nurses in Australia over the period 2001 to 2012 were investigated in a retrospective case‐series study.ResultsThe standardised mortality ratio of veterinarians (n = 18) was 1.92 (95% CI 1.14–3.03) and that of veterinary nurses (n = 7) to the general population was 1.24 (95% CI 0.80–1.85). Overdosing on drugs (pentobarbitone) was the main method of suicide in these occupations.ConclusionThe reasons for veterinary suicides are likely to be multifactorial, including work‐ and life‐related stressors, and individual characteristics. This research highlights the need for targeted suicide prevention and intervention for veterinarians.
Presumed secondary immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia following elapid snake envenomation and its treatment in four dogs
Authors: Ong HM , Witham A , Kelers K , Boller M 
Published: August 2015

Case seriesThis case series describes secondary immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) in four dogs following elapid snake envenomation and its treatment. All the dogs initially presented with clinical signs commensurate with mainland tiger snake (Notechis scutatus) envenomation. None of the dogs was anaemic at the time of presentation. IMHA was diagnosed 3–9 days following snake envenomation. The trigger for IMHA was unclear in each case and may have been a component of the snake venom, antivenom, fresh frozen plasma, concurrent morbidity, administered drugs or a combination thereof. Three of the four dogs received immunosuppressive therapy comprising corticosteroids with or without azathioprine. Resolution of the IMHA was documented 6 weeks after diagnosis for one dog and 9 months after diagnosis for two dogs, with one dog lost to follow‐up.ConclusionIMHA is a potential complicating factor of elapid snake envenomation and its treatment in dogs, and should be considered as a differential diagnosis for a persistent or worsening anaemia. Both the incidence and aetiopathogenesis of IMHA in the context of elapid snake envenomation and its treatment in dogs are unknown and require further examination.
Clinicopathological characteristics and management of prostate cancer in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive population: experience in an Australian major HIV centre
Authors: Ong Wee Loon , Manohar Paul , Millar Jeremy , Royce Peter 
Published: August 2015

ObjectivesTo characterise clinicopathological characteristics of prostate cancer among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive men and to evaluate the current practice patterns in the management of prostate cancer in these men.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients with HIV in the State‐wide HIV referral centre in Victoria, who were diagnosed with prostate cancer from 2000 onwards. In all, 12 patients were identified, and the medical records were reviewed to collect data on HIV parameters at the time of prostate cancer diagnosis, as well as prostate cancer clinicopathological characteristics, treatment details and outcomes.ResultsAt the time of prostate cancer diagnosis, eight patients had undetectable viral load, and the median cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count was 485 cells/μL. The average age at diagnosis of prostate cancer was 63 years and the median prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level of 11.1 ng/mL. Four patients had Gleason 6 prostate cancer, four Gleason 7, one Gleason 8 and three Gleason 9. Seven of the 12 patients had a positive family history for prostate cancer. Of the patients with clinically localised prostate cancer (10), most were treated with radiotherapy (RT): one permanent seed brachytherapy (BT), five external beam RT (EBRT), two open radical prostatectomies (RP), one active surveillance (AS), and one on watchful waiting (WW). For the two patients with metastatic disease, one had androgen‐deprivation therapy and EBRT, while the other had a combination of EBRT and chemo‐hormonal therapy with doxetacel. All patients were followed for a median of 46 months, with three deaths reported, none of which was a prostate cancer‐specific death.ConclusionsThis is the first Australasian series on prostate cancer management in a HIV population. With the prolonged survival among HIV‐positive men in the highly active anti‐retroviral therapy era, PSA testing should be offered to this group of patients, especially those with a positive family history. HIV‐positive men should also be offered all treatment options in the same manner as men in the general population.
Elevated concentration of cytokines in aqueous in post‐vitrectomy eyes
Authors: Gu RuiPing , Zhou Min , Jiang ChunHui , Yu Jian , Xu GeZhi 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundWe aim to study the level of inflammatory cytokines in aqueous of post‐vitrectomy eyes.MethodsAqueous samples were obtained from post‐vitrectomy eyes that underwent cataract surgery. Samples from age‐related cataract patients were also collected as controls. The concentrations of cytokines were measured by array‐based multiplex sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay system and microparticle‐based multiplex cytokine assay.ResultsEighteen post‐vitrectomy eyes from 18 patients were included; all received one vitrectomy with gas injection for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The mean interval between vitrectomy and cataract surgery was 22.33 months (range 6 to 80). Primary results show that in post‐vitrectomy eyes the levels of many cytokines, such as B‐lymphocyte chemo‐attractant, I‐309, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, interferon γ–induced protein‐10 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1, were higher than control. Further analysis demonstrated that the levels of IL‐8, interferon γ–induced protein‐10 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 were significantly elevated in post‐vitrectomy eyes, even after the subjects were divided by their refractive state.ConclusionsThe concentrations of some cytokines were increased in the anterior chambers of post‐vitrectomy eyes even a long time after vitreous surgery. This surge in post‐operative cytokines might cause changing in the micro‐environment of the anterior, and this might contribute to the development of secondary glaucoma or fasten the development of cataract in these eyes.
Adoptive family experiences of post‐adoption contact in an Internet era
Authors: Greenhow Sarah , Hackett Simon , Jones Christine , Meins Elizabeth 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn the UK, post‐adoption contact between adoptive and birth families traditionally includes letterbox and/or face‐to‐face methods of communication. Because of the emphasis in the UK of adoption from the public care system, post‐adoption contact is often supported and mediated by social work professionals. The growth in the use of e‐communication, through for example social media, has created concerns regarding the use of such technologies for the purposes of ‘virtual contact’ following adoption. This paper reports the findings of a study of this emerging practice. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 11 adoptive parents and six adopted young people. Findings suggest that virtual contact presents both challenges and opportunities for adoptive families. We conclude that virtual contact is complex, but with appropriate boundaries and consideration of different interests, can work well in some cases.
Using molecular tools to guide management of invasive alien species: assessing the genetic impact of a recently introduced island bird population
Authors: van de Crommenacker J. , Bourgeois Y. X. C. , Warren B. H. , Jackson H. , Fleischer‐Dogley F. , Groombridge J. , Bunbury N. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimBiological invasions are a major threat to island biodiversity and are responsible for a large proportion of species declines and extinctions worldwide. The process of hybridization between invasive and native species is a major factor that contributes to the loss of endemic genetic diversity. The issue of hybridization is often overlooked in the management of introduced species because morphological evidence of hybridization may be difficult to recognize in the field. Molecular techniques, however, facilitate identification of specific hybridization events and assessment of the direction and timing of introgression. We use molecular markers to track hybridization in a population of an island endemic bird, the Aldabra fody (Foudia aldabrana), following the recent discovery of a co‐occurring population of non‐native Madagascar fodies (Foudia madagascariensis).LocationAldabra Atoll, Seychelles.MethodsWe combine phylogenetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear markers to assess whether hybridization has occurred between F. madagascariensis and F. aldabrana on Aldabra. Using coalescence models and comparing different hybridization scenarios, we estimate the timing of such events and confirm the geographic origin of F. madagascariensis.ResultsOur analyses confirm a recent hybridization event between the two species of Foudia, and we find evidence that the invasive F. madagascariensis originate from the neighbouring island of Assumption, where they were introduced in the 1970s.Main conclusionsOur results validate the threat of losing the unique genetic diversity of F. aldabrana through admixture due to recent invasion of F. madagascariensis. We show that molecular analyses can be a valuable tool in formulating strategies for the management of invasive birds.
Do krill fisheries compete with macaroni penguins? Spatial overlap in prey consumption and catches during winter
Authors: Ratcliffe Norman , Hill Simeon L. , Staniland Iain J. , Brown Ruth , Adlard Stacey , Horswill Catharine , Trathan Philip N. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimTo infer the potential for competition between an important Antarctic predator, the macaroni penguin, and the krill fishery by examining the spatial overlap in prey consumption and catches.LocationScotia Sea and adjacent waters.MethodsThe study focused on the winter period as this is the only time of the year when spatio‐temporal overlaps between macaroni penguin foraging and the krill fishery can occur. We tracked adult macaroni penguins from a colony in South Georgia using global location sensors to determine winter distribution, and bioenergetics models to calculate the biomass of food consumed during the winter period. We combined these to produce a surface of the tonnes of krill consumed, which could be compared directly with the spatial distribution of the tonnes of krill caught by the fishery.ResultsAdult macaroni penguins from South Georgia consumed 135,826 tonnes of krill (95% CIs: 83,446–188,140) during the winter, which is similar to the 98,431 tonnes caught by fisheries over the same period. However, macaroni penguins had a very wide pelagic distribution across the Scotia Sea, whereas the fishery was restricted to three small areas on shelf edges, such that their spatial overlap was negligible. The proportion of the estimated krill stock taken by macaroni penguins and the krill fishery was small at both the scale of the Scotia Sea and the local areas within which the fisheries operate.Main conclusionsCompetition between macaroni penguins and the krill fishery is low under current management and far less than that among the various species of krill predators that occur in the Scotia Sea. Our method will allow quantification of changes in competition between macaroni penguins and krill fisheries should the latter expand in the future, and provides a framework for assessing predator‐fishery competition in other systems.
Risk Mitigation Benefit from Backup Suppliers in the Presence of the Horizontal Fairness Concern
Authors: Chen Junlin , Zhao Xiaobo , Shen Zuo‐Jun(Max) 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe backup supply strategy is demonstrated as an effective approach to mitigating supply risk. We study a supply chain in which a leader manufacturer designs a contract to a potential backup supplier to mitigate the yield uncertainty of the primary supplier. In this context, the backup supplier may compare with the primary supplier and have horizontal fairness concerns. We model the contract design problem using a Stackelberg game and characterize the optimal decisions for the manufacturer and backup supplier, in both fairness and off‐fairness settings. The theoretical results show that the leader manufacturer must sacrifice his own payoff to balance the payoffs of both suppliers. As a result, using a self‐interested backup supplier is the dominating strategy, whereas using a fair‐minded backup supplier is only suggested when the reliability of the primary supplier is low and the fairness concern of the backup supplier is not strong. Additionally, the backup supplier only benefits from fairness concerns when the level is not exceeding a threshold value. With regard to high fairness levels beyond this threshold, fairness concern has negative effects on the monetary payoff and even might lead to loss of the business. By conducting laboratory experiments, we provide evidence of the horizontal fairness concern from the backup supplier. Further, we show that if the primary supplier also has horizontal fairness concerns, the leader manufacturer can conditionally benefit from a promoted yield reliability due to an extra effort from the primary supplier.
Ethnic differences in cross‐sectional associations between impaired glucose regulation, identified by oral glucose tolerance test or HbA1c values, and cardiovascular disease in a cohort of European and South Asian origin
Authors: Eastwood S. V. , Tillin T. , Mayet J. , Shibata D. K. , Wright A. , Heasman J. , Beauchamp N. , Forouhi N. G. , Hughes A. D. , Chaturvedi N. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAimsWe contrasted impaired glucose regulation (prediabetes) prevalence, defined according to oral glucose tolerance test or HbA1c values, and studied cross‐sectional associations between prediabetes and subclinical/clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a cohort of European and South Asian origin.MethodsFor 682 European and 520 South Asian men and women, aged 58–85 years, glycaemic status was determined by oral glucose tolerance test or HbA1c thresholds. Questionnaires, record review, coronary artery calcification scores and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging established clinical plus subclinical coronary heart and cerebrovascular disease.ResultsPrediabetes was more prevalent in South Asian participants when defined by HbA1c rather than by oral glucose tolerance test criteria. Accounting for age, sex, smoking, systolic blood pressure, triglycerides and waist–hip ratio, prediabetes was associated with coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in European participants, most obviously when defined by HbA1c rather than by oral glucose tolerance test [odds ratios for HbA1c‐defined prediabetes 1.60 (95% CI 1.07, 2.39) for coronary heart disease and 1.57 (95% CI 1.00, 2.51) for cerebrovascular disease]. By contrast, non‐significant associations were present between oral glucose tolerance test‐defined prediabetes only and coronary heart disease [odds ratio 1.41 (95% CI 0.84, 2.36)] and HbA1c‐defined prediabetes only and cerebrovascular disease [odds ratio 1.39 (95% CI 0.69, 2.78)] in South Asian participants. Prediabetes defined by HbA1c or oral glucose tolerance test criteria was associated with cardiovascular disease (defined as coronary heart and/or cerebrovascular disease) in Europeans [odds ratio 1.95 (95% CI 1.31, 2.91) for HbA1c prediabetes criteria] but not in South Asian participants [odds ratio 1.00 (95% CI 0.62, 2.66); ethnicity interaction P = 0.04].ConclusionsPrediabetes appeared to be less associated with cardiovascular disease in the South Asian than in the European group. These findings have implications for screening, and early cardiovascular prevention strategies in South Asian populations.