bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectono-thermal Evolution of the Proterozoic Mahakoshal Belt along the Northern Margin of Central Indian Tectonic Zone: Constraints from Geochemistry, Phase Equilibria Modelling and in-situ Monazite Dating from a Metapelite Sequence around Jabalpur
Authors: Shrivastava A. K. , Saha L. , Behera S. , Gupta S. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTIn this contribution, geochemical signatures and petrological evolution of a folded sequence of mica schist from the Jabalpur area of the Mahakoshal Belt in the northern Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) are described. Multiple tectonic discrimination diagrams incorporating both major and trace element concentrations have constrained back-arc settings for deposition of the sedimentary units. S1 foliation formation marks the beginning of the M1 metamorphic stage. In contrast, the later M2 metamorphic event resulted in garnet and andalusite formation during heating at 2-3 kbar, followed by staurolite-sillimanite, garnet-staurolite assemblages at peak P-T conditions of 5.4 kbar, 550-600°C. Textural evidence suggests that M2 is pre-syn tectonic to D2 deformation, resulting in formation of the NE-SW trending S2 axial planar foliation. From the isopleth thermobarometry, a clockwise P-T path with near-isothermal decompression has been determined for M2. Similar results have been obtained from conventional thermo-barometry performed on multiple samples. Monazite dating (EPMA) of one of the samples suggests 1.9 Ga, age for D1-M1 event. M2 is correlated with the younger age population of monazites yielding 1.5 Ga. A clockwise P-T path constrained for M2 suggests collisional tectonics along the northern margin of the CITZ, as recorded from its southern margin.
A modern view of the role of genetic factors in the etiopathogenesis of breast cancer
Authors: Pavlova N. V. , Dyomin S. S. , Churnosov M. I. , Ponomarenko I. V. 
Published: July 2024

The aim of this review is to summarize current understandings of the genetic risk factors for the development of breast cancer (BC), evaluate the role of germline mutations and single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with the disease, based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and other associative studies. The search for relevant sources was conducted in PubMed, Medline, Cochrane Library, eLIBRARY, and the NHGRI-EBI Catalog of GWAS. The analysis includes works published from January 2007 to December 2022. A total of 197 sources focused on the role of genetic factors in the development of BC were found. Search queries included data on associations of various molecular-genetic markers – germline mutations, and single nucleotide polymorphisms – with the formation of BC. From this body of work, 45 studies were included in the current review. The inclusion criterion for the analysis wasthe presence of GWAS data and associative studies conducted among patients with representative samples with the necessary power. Additionally, results characterizing the clinical-pathological significance (association with molecular subtypes of BC, therapy features, disease prognosis) of BC genetic factors were evaluated. Excluded from the analysis were data from associative studies of candidate genes for malignant breast neoplasms that are morphologically not carcinomas, performed on small (non-representative) patient samples and control groups. Mutations in genes with high and moderate penetrance (BRCA1/2, CHEK2, PALB2, etc.) are associated with the onset of BC in 5 % of cases. Among families with two or more members affected by BC, their share reaches only 30–40 %. GWAS data revealed the role of more than 180 polymorphic loci associated with BC, which determine a heritability rate of about 18 %. According to twin studies, this rate is 1.7 times higher, reaching 31 %. Meanwhile, the contribution of environmental factors is no more than 16 %. The proportion of unidentified hereditary factors in BC formation is about 8 %. However, contemporary studies of associations of various candidate genes (ESR1/2, IGF1, EGFR, VEGF, TNFα, MMPs, etc.), whose signaling pathways regulate BC tumor progression, show their involvement in carcinogenesis. Thus, the unknown heritability in BC formation may reach 40 %. The proportion of germline mutations in major BC predisposition genes in the population is low. Genetic variations within the same gene (e.g., BRCA1) show ethnic or territorial diversity. Nevertheless, a significant portion of BC heritability is determined by various candidate genes, whose role in forming individual BC risk is demonstrated by GWAS. Substantial evidence on the involvement of key carcinogenesis-regulating genes in BC development is being accumulated. Each of the three considered groups of genetic factors has important clinical-pathological significance and can influence the course and prognosis of the disease.
The effect of <i>NOTCH1</i> knockdown on the phenotype of human lung and colon cancer stem cells
Authors: Vasileva M. V. , Khromova N. V. , Boichuk S. V. , Kopnin P. B. 
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Lung and colorectal cancers are the most common cancer types, characterized by a poor prognosis. Tumor progression is also caused by the aberrant activity of intercellular signaling pathways, which can arise due to mutations in genes encoding their components. In particular, the oncogenic role of NOTCH1 receptor of Notch signaling pathway has been proven for various cancer types, including lung and colorectal cancers. In this research, we delved deeper into the importance of NOTCH1 receptor expression for the progression of these malignancies. Aim. To investigate the importance of NOTCH1 expression in maintaining the cancer stem cell (CSC) pool and phenotype of human lung and colon cancers. Materials and methods. Experiments were performed on previously obtained NOTCH1 knockdown cell lines of human lung A549 and colon HCT116 carcinomas. First of all, we studied the effect of NOTCH1 knockdown on the metastatic ability of A549 cells and the tumorigenicity of A549 and HCT116 cells when injected to immunodeficient BALB/c nu/nu mice. Next, we carried out in vitro tests to determine CSC pool and phenotype in tumor cell culture: cytofluorimetric analysis of ABC-transporters activity to exclude dye to the external environment and analysis of colony formation in a semi-liquid medium. In conclusion, we assessed the proportion of cells in the culture producing the CSC marker – CD133 using flow cytometry and the expression level of some genes associated with CSC phenotype (NANOG, POU5F1, SOX2) using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. NOTCH1 knockdown decreased the number of experimental animals with metastases, the number of formed metastatic foci and increased in the minimum cell inoculation dose. The activity of ABC-transporters, the ability for unattached growth, the proportion of CD133-positive cells in culture, and the expression of genes associated with maintaining of CSC pool and phenotype decreased under NOTCH1 knockdown in both cell lines. Conclusion. NOTCH1 expression is important for maintaining CSC pool and phenotype of human lung and colon carcinomas. The obtained data may be valuable in the development of anticancer therapies.
Comparative Evaluation of The Clinical Efficacy of Various Technologies of Intraoperative Endolaserphotocoagulation in Patients with Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Golovin A. S. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose. To develop a safe and effective endolaserphotocoagulation technology used during vitreoretinal surgery in patients with advanced stage of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.Methods. We observed 88 patients (88 eyes) aged from 42 to 73 years (59 % women; 41 % men). All patients were divided into 2 equal groups based on age and gender, as well as preoperative functional results, a main group in which the developed technology of precision intraoperative endolaser coagulation was used (46 eyes), and a control group with a traditional technique of performing endolaser coagulation during vitreoretinal intervention (42 eyes). Results. Assessment of clinical and morphometric parameters in the main and control groups was carried out after 1, 3 and 6 months. The data obtained indicate a significant increase in BCVA (0.23 ± 0.05) in the group from the 3rd month of observation, no signs of increased IOP, as well as a decrease in retinal thickness in the foveal zone (up to 272.0 ± 27.3 μm) during the observation period up to 6 months. The study of the frequency of complications confirms the safety of the developed technology, which is confirmed by the low probability of developing rubeosis (1 case), neovascular glaucoma (1 case) and recurrence of retinal detachment in the main group of patients (2 cases) during a follow­up period of 6 months.Conclusion. The developed technology of precision endolaser coagulation is characterized by a higher (compared to the traditional technique) level of safety and clinical effectiveness, which is confirmed by the following main points: a greater likelihood of increasing BCVA; absence of increase in IOP during long­term observation, decrease in retinal thickness in the foveal zone starting from the 3rd month of observation; a significant reduction in the likelihood of postoperative complications.
Evaluation and Refractive Results Comparison of MIOL-­SOFT-­2­-13 IOL Implantation with Foreign Models
Authors: Belov D. F. , Nikolaenko V. P. , Kovaleva V. V. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose. Evaluation and refractive results comparison of MIOL-­SOFT-­2­-13 (Reper­NN, Russia) IOL implantation with foreign models. Material and methods. The study included 816 patients (816 eyes) who underwent phacoemulsification (PE) with IOL implantation, divided into four groups depending on IOL model: MIOL­-SOFT-2-­13 (Reper­-NN, Russia) (n = 199); SA60AT (Alcon, USA) (n = 237); Adapt AO (Bausch&Lomb, USA) (n = 179); Acryfold 601 (Appasamy Associates, India) (n = 201). All patients underwent optical biometry using IOL­-Master 500 (Carl Zeiss, Germany). A month after PE spherical equivalent of refraction was assessed by Topcon­8800 (Japan). Mean calculation error (ME) and mean absolute error (MAE) were used as a IOL calculation accuracy criterion. Results. Zeroing of ME allowed to determine real a­constant of MIOL-­SOFT­-2-­13 (119.83 instead of 118.4 declared by the manufacturer). MAE in the groups was: 0.39 ± 0.27, 0.33 ± 0.35, 0.38 ± 0.31 and 0.38 ± 0.30 D, respectively (p = 0.068). All IOLs demonstrated hitting the target refraction within ±1.00 D in more than 95 % of cases. Conclusion. MIOL­-SOFT­-2­-13 has comparable refractive results with other monofocal IOLs used in national medical insurance system. MIOL­-SOFT-­2­-13 achieves target refraction within ±1.00 D in 98 % of cases.To obtain optimal refractive results, an optimized a­constant of 118.83 is required.
Retinal Map of Peripheral Retinal Degenerations and Tears. Part 1. Non­-Regmatogenous Intraretinal Degenerations of the Retina
Authors: Shaimova V. A. , Islamova G. R. , Klyuchko N. A. , Shaimov T. B. , Kuchkildina S. Kh. , Dmukh T. S. , Ivin M. S. , Askaeva A. A. , Kravchenko T. G. , Fomin A. V. 
Published: July 2024

The aim of the article is to develop a clinical classification and an informative retinal map of peripheral degenerations and retinal tears based on multimodal diagnostics of the vitreoretinal interface.Methods. Multimodal studies of patients with peripheral degenerations included traditional and additional techniques: the ultra­wide­angle fundus imaging with the Clarus 500 camera and wide­field OCT Line scanning using the “sliding method”. .Results. During the period 2014–2024, 1304 peripheral degenerations and retinal tears were identified through the multimodal examination of 614 patients (959 eyes). Based on these studies, a clinical and topographic classification of peripheral degenerations and retinal tears is presented.Conclusion. Multimodal studies has facilitated the creation of a retinal map of the most common peripheral degenerations and retinal tears, the potential to improve the timely recognition of vitreoretinal pathology and optimize treatment tactics.
Recurrent Betaherpetic Keratitis. Therapy Stages and Monitoring Methods of the Disease Dynamics
Authors: Maychuk D. Yu. , Tarkhanova A. A. , Taevere M. R. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: to propose a step­by­step treatment regimen for betaherpetic keratitis with a method for monitoring the dynamics of the disease.Patients and methods. The study group included 40 patients (40 eyes). Each patient had a history of diagnosed unilateral recurrent acute or subacute keratitis, the etiology of the betaherpetic process was confirmed by laboratory diagnostic methods, confocal microscopy, based on the detection of specific “owl eye” cells. All subjects had previously received specific therapy with acyclovir. All patients underwent an ophthalmological examination, and then a two­stage treatment regimen for keratitis was proposed. The main way to assess the dynamics of the disease, the presence of viral load and the need to intensify antiviral therapy was confocal microscopy data. The condition was assessed 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the start of therapy. Results. As a result of the observation of a group of patients of 40 people, after 12 months, 33 patients achieved stable remission, 4 patients developed neurotrophic keratitis, and 3 patients had a relapse of betaherpetic keratitis. Recurrence of keratitis in 3 patients was detected within 2 to 4 months from the start of observation. Neurotrophic keratitis developed in 4 patients within 3 to 6 months from the start of observation.Conclusion. 1) The method of in vivo confocal microscopy can be used to monitor the dynamics of betaherpetic keratitis, based on the state of specific cells. 2) Therapy of betaherpetic keratitis requires the use of specific antiviral drugs with mandatory repeated preventive courses. 3) A history of herpesvirus infection requires assessment of the development of neurotrophic keratitis.
Assessment of Wavefront Aberrations in Children with Myopia Against the Background of Ocular Surface Disorders in Combination with Computer Vision Syndrome Digital and Eye Strain
Authors: Plisov I. L. , Naumova E. M. , Smoleva A. I. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose: to assess the state of the wavefront in children with myopia, who have various manifestations of digital eye strain and symptoms of ocular surface disorders, and to evaluate the diagnostic significance of wavefront criteria for assessing the state of the ocular surface.Patients and methods. The study involved 76 children (152 eyes) with myopia aged 8 to 18 years who used gadgets and computers for more than 2 hours a day. All patients used glasses as a method of optical correction and were constantly worn. The patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st with symptoms of ocular surface disorder, 2nd — comparison group. Subjective signs were studied using the online questionnaire “State of the ocular surface”. Using the “Keratograph 5M Oculus” the following parameters were assessed: non­invasive tear film breakup time (NTBR), including the first tear film breakup time, average tear film breakup time, breakup time gradient and maximum tear film breakup zone, the same device was used to perform infrared meibography and study of the lipid layer of the tear film. All patients underwent wavefront aberrometry in a darkened room without cycloplegia.Results. It was found that in the group of patients with the presence of subjective phenomena of disturbance of the state of the ocular surface, identified using the online questionnaire “State of the ocular surface”, rotor aberrations were statistically significantly higher than in the comparison group. At the same time, the indicators of higher­order corneal aberrations have comparable values. Correlation analysis between indicators of the state of the ocular surface and parameters of the wavefront in the group of children with disturbances of the state of the ocular surface showed that a higher level of corneal aberrations corresponds to a higher number of points on the questionnaire of disturbances of the ocular surface and the state of visual comfort, in turn, when comparing data on non­invasive tear film breakup time, a negative correlation was established, which means that with a higher number of points on the questionnaire, and therefore, with a more significant degree of impairment of the ocular surface, the tear film breakup time was shorter.Conclusion. The structure of the wavefront in children with myopia against the background of a disorder of the ocular surface in combination with CVS and digital eye strain is significantly different from the structure of the wavefront in the comparison group.
Markers and Predictors of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy in Open Eye Injury in an Experiment
Authors: Kol’bin A. A. , Kulikov A. N. , Troyanovsky R. L. , Chirskiy V. S. 
Published: July 2024

The objective of the study: to analyze characteristics of a standardized model of type B gunshot open global injury (open injury without intraocular foreign body).Methods: The experiment was carried out on 36 rabbits (71 eyes). Simulation of type B gunshot open global injury (GOEI) was accomplished using pump equipment. The complex of modern standard and high­technology diagnostic methods to study characteristics of type B GOEI in the control period was performed. Biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, ultrasound examination, MRI, enzyme multiplied immunoassay to determine vitreous fibronectin, and pathomorphological study of the eye globe were carried out. Non­parametric statistical methods of data analysis were used.Results: The above diagnostic methods being used, the GOEI experimental model characteristics were determined, including proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) i.e.incidence rate and dynamics.Conclusion. High reproducibility (77–100 %) of microlevel signs of type B GOEI experimental model was demonstrated, that evidenced standardization of the developed model. The viability of the use of hyphema and hemophthalmia as the PVR and GOEI predictors was justified on the basis of correlation analysis in experiment. The analysis of proliferative signs being made when using different study methods (pathomorphological, indirect ophthalmoscopy, optical coherence tomography, ultrasound examination and MRI) proved their application as PVR markers possible. The interchangeability of the study methods used for PVR diagnosis was also justified.
Changes in the Thickness of the Sublens Water Layer in Patients Using Scleral Lenses
Authors: Ryabenko O. I. , Selina O. M. , Kramarenko E. Yu. , Alyaeva O. O. 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of the study. To analyze the change in the thickness of the sub­lens water layer depending on the time of wearing lenses in patients using scleral lenses using the SkyOptix Laboratory lenses as an example.Patients and methods. To determine the thickness of the sublens water layer in the vertical and horizontal meridians, a study was performed in 33 people in 46 eyes. Among the patients there were 25 men and 8 women, from 18 to 59 years old (mean 37.3 ± 9.5 years). The main indication for the use of scleral lenses was the ineffectiveness of other methods of vision correction.Results. The mean sublens water layer thickness reduction in the total group of examined patients using scleral lenses was 9.3 % or 37.73 μm after 1 hour of wear and 20.8 % or 84.48 μm after 4 hours of wear compared to initial values.Conclusions. The largest and clinically significant changes in the thickness of the sublens water layer occur during the first hour of lens wear, which, according to our study, is approximately 40 microns. Considering the temporal dynamics of changes in the thickness of the sublens water layer, the final calculation of the parameters must be made no earlier than after 1 hour of wearing the scleral lens. The thickness of the sublens water layer should be assessed in relation to the time spent in the scleral lens. According to our survey, over the entire period of observation in all patients using scleral lenses, there is a decrease in the thickness of the sublens water layer over time of wearing, which requires further additional research to determine identifying the exact causes and factors underlying this process.
Parental perspectives of early adolescent neighbourhood outdoor play and physical activity: barriers and facilitators
Authors: Cox Lindsay , Wilson Helen 
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Outdoor neighbourhood play supports physiological and psychological health among early adolescents (EA), typically aged 10-14. Existing research is often grounded in socioecological theory emphasising the interconnectedness of individuals and their environments. It has also typically focused on parental perspectives of facilitators and barriers of neighbourhood play in younger children. Aims: This study aimed to ascertain facilitators and barriers of outdoor neighbourhood play as perceived by EA parents. Methods: A purposive sample (n=11) of parents engaged in individual semi-structured interviews online via Microsoft Teams. Transcripts underwent reflexive inductive thematic analysis, identifying six themes aligned with the research question within a socioecological framework. Results: Most parents (n=10) demonstrated an awareness and appreciation of the advantages of outdoor neighbourhood play. They identified barriers and facilitators to outdoor neighbourhood play across intrapersonal, interpersonal, community and policy levels. Safety concerns emerged as a barrier to outdoor play. However, technology mediated reported concerns and was perceived as a facilitator to outdoor play when combined with age-appropriate community clubs and improved built environment facilities. Conclusion: Parents acknowledged the advantages of outdoor neighbourhood play. Parents may restrict their EA’s participation due to safety concerns. The study highlighted a deficiency in age-appropriate facilities supporting safe outdoor neighbourhood play. Future research should focus on developing appropriate facilities and improving social cohesion to mitigate perceived safety concerns of parents. Such attempts may benefit from using technology to assuage parental safety concerns further and enhance overall safety of neighbourhood outdoor play experiences for EA.
OPTIMIZING THE TOUR GUIDE'S PROVISION OF INFORMATION THROUGH ONLINE MEDIA
Authors: Yulianto Irwan , Alvianna Stella , Pandu Dinata Krishna , Luisa Stefani Agnes 
Published: July 2024

Background: Tour guides play a crucial role during a vacation. Tour guides do more than only provide information about the tourist spots seen; they also educate foreign tourists who visit an area. The number of travel agents supplying guidance is growing, and they come in a variety of forms, including companies, institutions, individuals, and communities. Objective: This activity tries to solve marketing difficulties (by generating online marketing media) while also giving tourist training, particularly for tour guides, to community members. Method: This activity tries to solve marketing difficulties (by generating online marketing media) while also giving tourist training, particularly for tour guides, to community members. Results: The presence of a website/blog will enhance the number of users or consumers who use the services provided by the "A Day in Malang" Community in Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Having a website or blog: Promotions were once limited to word-of-mouth, but with the introduction of online management, marketing has expanded. Conclusion: Tour guide techniques are improving and becoming more professional, both in terms of guiding services and POP (Tourism Operational Planning), allowing activities to be structured and directed in accordance with the schedule established or previously agreed upon.