bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simvastatin Exerts Antiamnesic Effect in Aβ25‐35‐Injected Mice
Authors: Zhi Wen‐Hong , Zeng Yan‐Ying , Lu Zi‐Hong , Qu Wei‐Jun , Chen Wei‐Xian , Chen Lei , Chen Ling 
Published: December 2013

SummaryAim and MethodsSimvastatin (SV) is reported to improve cognition and slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study explored the mechanisms underlying the antiamnesic effect ofSVinADusing behavior tests, histological examination, western blot analysis, and electrophysiological recording technique inADmodel mice created by intracerebroventricular injection (i.c.v.) of Aβ25‐35.ResultsChronic administration ofSV(40 mg/kg/day) for 11 days after Aβ25‐35‐injection ameliorated the impairment of acquisition performance and probe trail test in Morris water maze task and alternation behavior in Y maze task in Aβ25‐35‐mice. Aβ25‐35‐induced apoptosis of hippocampalCA1 pyramidal cells and Aβ25‐35‐impaired high‐frequency stimulation (HFS)‐dependent long‐term potentiation (LTP) induction in hippocampal Schaffer collaterale‐CA1 synapse were rescued bySV‐treatment.SVprevented Aβ25‐35‐inhibited protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal‐related kinase‐2 (ERK2) phosphorylation, which was sensitive to α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) antagonistMLA.SV‐induced neuroprotection was attenuated byMLAor phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K) antagonistLY294002.SV‐rescuedLTPinduction was blocked by α7nAChR,PI3K orMAPK/ERKkinase (MEK) antagonist. Finally, the antiamnesia ofSVin Aβ25‐35‐mice was attenuated by blockage ofSV‐induced neuroprotection orSV‐rescuedLTPinduction.ConclusionThe antiamnesia ofSVin Aβ25‐35‐mice depends on its neuroprotection and synaptic plasticity improvement.
Choosing and Using Climate‐Change Scenarios for Ecological‐Impact Assessments and Conservation Decisions
Authors: SNOVER AMY K. , MANTUA NATHAN J. , LITTELL JEREMY S. , ALEXANDER MICHAEL A. , MCCLURE MICHELLE M. , NYE JANET 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIncreased concern over climate change is demonstrated by the many efforts to assess climate effects and develop adaptation strategies. Scientists, resource managers, and decision makers are increasingly expected to use climate information, but they struggle with its uncertainty. With the current proliferation of climate simulations and downscaling methods, scientifically credible strategies for selecting a subset for analysis and decision making are needed. Drawing on a rich literature in climate science and impact assessment and on experience working with natural resource scientists and decision makers, we devised guidelines for choosing climate‐change scenarios for ecological impact assessment that recognize irreducible uncertainty in climate projections and address common misconceptions about this uncertainty. This approach involves identifying primary local climate drivers by climate sensitivity of the biological system of interest; determining appropriate sources of information for future changes in those drivers; considering how well processes controlling local climate are spatially resolved; and selecting scenarios based on considering observed emission trends, relative importance of natural climate variability, and risk tolerance and time horizon of the associated decision. The most appropriate scenarios for a particular analysis will not necessarily be the most appropriate for another due to differences in local climate drivers, biophysical linkages to climate, decision characteristics, and how well a model simulates the climate parameters and processes of interest. Given these complexities, we recommend interaction among climate scientists, natural and physical scientists, and decision makers throughout the process of choosing and using climate‐change scenarios for ecological impact assessment.Selección y Uso de Escenarios de Cambio Climático para Estudios de Impacto Ecológico y Decisiones de Conservación
Hunting Down the Chimera of Multiple Disciplinarity in Conservation Science
Authors: POOLEY SIMON P. , MENDELSOHN J. ANDREW , MILNER‐GULLAND E. J. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe consensus is that both ecological and social factors are essential dimensions of conservation research and practice. However, much of the literature on multiple disciplinary collaboration focuses on the difficulties of undertaking it. This review of the challenges of conducting multiple disciplinary collaboration offers a framework for thinking about the diversity and complexity of this endeavor. We focused on conceptual challenges, of which 5 main categories emerged: methodological challenges, value judgments, theories of knowledge, disciplinary prejudices, and interdisciplinary communication. The major problems identified in these areas have proved remarkably persistent in the literature surveyed (c.1960–2012). Reasons for these failures to learn from past experience include the pressure to produce positive outcomes and gloss over disagreements, the ephemeral nature of many such projects and resulting lack of institutional memory, and the apparent complexity and incoherence of the endeavor. We suggest that multiple disciplinary collaboration requires conceptual integration among carefully selected multiple disciplinary team members united in investigating a shared problem or question. We outline a 9‐point sequence of steps for setting up a successful multiple disciplinary project. This encompasses points on recruitment, involving stakeholders, developing research questions, negotiating power dynamics and hidden values and conceptual differences, explaining and choosing appropriate methods, developing a shared language, facilitating on‐going communications, and discussing data integration and project outcomes. Although numerous solutions to the challenges of multiple disciplinary research have been proposed, lessons learned are often lost when projects end or experienced individuals move on. We urge multiple disciplinary teams to capture the challenges recognized, and solutions proposed, by their researchers while projects are in process. A database of well‐documented case studies would showcase theories and methods from a variety of disciplines and their interactions, enable better comparative study and evaluation, and provide a useful resource for developing future projects and training multiple disciplinary researchers.Cazando la Quimera de la Multidisciplina en la Ciencia de la Conservación
Sucralfate paste enema: a new method of topical treatment for haemorrhagic radiation proctitis
Authors: McElvanna K. , Wilson A. , Irwin T. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAimRectal sucralfate has been reported to deliver clinical improvement in haemorrhagic radiation proctitis, but patients with active proctitis find the enema suspension difficult to retain thus reducing compliance and effectiveness. We describe a novel method of rectal administration via a low‐volume sucralfate paste and report its results in a series of 23 patients.MethodPatients with rectal bleeding occurring more than 6 months after radiotherapy were shown how to prepare and self‐administer sucralfate paste enemas (SPEs) twice daily for 6 weeks. The SPE was prepared using two sucralfate 1‐g tablets mixed with 4.5 ml of water in an enema applicator producing a low‐volume paste. The clinical response was evaluated by comparison of pre‐ and posttreatment clinical proctitis scores (Radiation Therapy Oncology Group/European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer).ResultsEighteen male (postprostatic radiotherapy) and five female (postcervical radiotherapy) patients with a median age of 67 (32–75) years were included. The median interval between pelvic irradiation and SPE treatment was 24 (7–69) months. Twenty‐two patients had full clinical scoring, of whom 16 (73%) demonstrated clinical improvement. Six (27%) had neither clinical improvement nor deterioration. Seven (32%) had resolution of all symptoms.ConclusionMost patients demonstrated clinical improvement. This initial experience of the sucralfate paste enema may provide the basis for a prospective study of its effectiveness in the treatment of haemorrhagic radiation proctitis.
Impact of audiovisual method in educating children facing dental avulsion
Authors: Soubra Balsam Noueiri , Debs Nahla Nassif 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIntroductionDental trauma is a major problem in oral health in childhood especially if the result is a tooth avulsion. Subsequently, an appropriate management is essential to preserve the avulsed tooth.AimThe goal of this study is to evaluate the knowledge of children concerning dental trauma and to highlight the importance of audio and visual methods in educating viewers in the management of such accident.Materials and methodsThree hundred and forty four children, aged between 8 and 11 years old, participated in this study. Half of them answered a questionnaire about the management of a tooth avulsion. Then, they watch an educational movie played by a speaker. Three months later, they answer the same questionnaire. The remaining 172 children are divided into two equal groups A and B. Group A watches the movie, and group B listens to the story and answers the same questionnaire. One more time, both groups watch the film and listen to its verbal interpretation, then both answer the same questionnaire again. The answers are analyzed.ResultsBefore watching the movie, 4 of 172 children answer correctly the question related to the conservation of the avulsed tooth. Three months after watching the movie, the correct answers increase to 52. For the second part of the study, after audiovisual information, the full score in group A increases from 20 to 58, and in group B from 49 to 67.ConclusionThe study highlights the importance of audiovisual method in transmitting an educational message and improving the knowledge of a large ‘target audience’.
Anti‐JC virus (JCV) antibody prevalence in the JCV Epidemiology in MS (JEMS) trial
Authors: Bozic C. , Subramanyam M. , Richman S. , Plavina T. , Zhang A. , Ticho B. 
Published: November 2013

Background and purposeProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is caused by reactivation of JC virus (JCV) infection due to combined host and viral factors. Anti‐JCV antibodies provide a means to assess JCV exposure and stratify PML risk. The reported seroprevalence of anti‐JCV antibodies varies from 39% to 91% depending on assay methodology and population studied. A two‐step anti‐JCV antibody assay (STRATIFY JCV™; Focus Diagnostics, Cypress, CA, USA) detected anti‐JCV antibodies in approximately 55% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This study describes the prevalence of anti‐JCV antibodies in a large, multinational MS population.MethodsThis cross‐sectional epidemiology study was designed to enroll a minimum of 2000 patients with an MS diagnosis of any type, irrespective of treatment, from Europe, Canada and Australia. Anti‐JCV antibody prevalence was determined by STRATIFY JCV; the effects of demographic and disease characteristics were evaluated.ResultsA total of 7724 patients from 10 countries participated in the study. Overall anti‐JCV antibody prevalence was 57.1% (95% confidence interval 56.0%–58.2%). Seroprevalence was significantly associated with increasing age, gender and country of current residence (P < 0.0001). No significant differences in anti‐JCV antibody prevalence were associated with MS disease characteristics, including duration and type of MS and number and duration of MS therapies.ConclusionsOverall seroprevalence of anti‐JCV antibodies in MS patients from Europe, Canada and Australia was consistent with previous studies using the STRATIFY JCV assay. Anti‐JCV prevalence differed significantly by age, gender and country, but no geographical pattern was evident. Disease and treatment type were not associated with differences in anti‐JCV antibody status.
Medicinal compounds with antiepileptic/anticonvulsant activities
Authors: Zhu Hui‐Ling , Wan Jian‐Bo , Wang Yi‐Tao , Li Bao‐Cai , Xiang Cheng , He Jing , Li Peng 
Published: December 2013

SummaryObjectiveEpilepsy is a serious neural disease that affects around 50 million people all over the world. Although for the majority patients with epilepsy, seizures are well controlled by currently available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), there are still >30% of patients suffered from medically refractory epilepsy and approximately 30–40% of all epileptic patients affected by numerous side effects and seizure resistance to the current AEDs. Therefore, many researchers try to develop novel approaches to treat epilepsy, for example, to discover new antiepileptic constituents from herbal medicines. Although there are already several reviews on phytotherapy in epilepsy, most of them placed emphasis on the plant crude extracts or their isolated fractions, not pure active compounds derived from herbal medicines. This article aims to review components in herbal medicines that have shown antiepileptic or anticonvulsant properties.MethodsWe searched online databases and identified articles using the preset searching syntax and inclusion criteria. The active medicinal compounds that have shown anticonvulsant or antiepileptic activity were included and classified according to structural types.ResultsWe have reviewed herein the active constituents including alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, saponins, and coumarins. The screening models, the seizures‐inducing factors and response, the effective dose, the potential mechanisms, as well as the structure‐activity relationships in some of these active components have also been discussed.SignificanceThe in vitro and in vivo experimental data reviewed in this paper would supply the basic science evidence for research and development of novel AEDs from medicinal plants.
Change Analysis for the Dependence Structure and Dynamic Pricing of Basket Default Swaps
Authors: Li Ping , Li Ze‐Zheng 
Published: December 2013

AbstractIn this paper we use a type of dynamic copula method to characterise the dependence structure between financial assets and price basket default swaps (BDSs). We first employ a goodness‐of‐fit test and a binary segmentation procedure to analyse the change of dependence structure between the obligations underlying a BDS, then present a numerical example to demonstrate the change analysis and BDS pricing process. We find that in different time periods, the best copula fitting the data is not the same; therefore the tranche spreads of the BDS are also different. We also compare our results with those obtained from static copulas and dynamic Gaussian copulas. The results show that the static copula and dynamic Gaussian copula methods underestimate the spreads for riskier tranches and overestimate those for less risky tranches.
Regional difference in sebum production by androgen susceptibility in human facial skin
Authors: Seo Young Joon , Li Zheng Jun , Choi Dae Kyoung , Sohn Kyung Cheol , Kim Hyeong Rae , Lee Young , Kim Chang Deok , Lee Young Ho , Shi Ge , Lee Jeung Hoon , Im Myung 
Published: December 2013

AbstractAndrogens are important hormones that influence sebum production from the sebaceous glands. Human facial skin can be categorized as T‐ and U‐zones, which are areas with high and low levels of sebum secretion, respectively. This study was performed to investigate whether there are topographical differences in androgen receptor (AR) expression related to regional variations in facial sebum secretion. The results of in vivo analysis indicated a statistically significant increase in AR expression in the sebaceous gland T‐zones compared with the U‐zones. In vitro experiments using human primary sebocytes also yielded similar results, with higher levels of AR protein and mRNA expression in T‐zones. The results of this study suggested that differences in androgen susceptibility may be an important factor influencing regional differences in sebum production in human facial skin.
Interaction of human minichromosome maintenance protein‐binding protein with minichromosome maintenance 2–7
Authors: Kusunoki Shunsuke , Ishimi Yukio 
Published: December 2013

It has been reported that minichromosome maintenance protein‐binding protein (MCM‐BP) functions in the formation of the pre‐replication complex, unloading of minichromosome maintenance (MCM)2–7 from chromatin in late S phase, and formation of the cohesion complex by interacting with MCM3–7 proteins, suggesting that MCM‐BP functions in several different reactions during the cell cycle. Here, we examined the interaction of human MCM‐BP with MCM2–7 and structural maintenance of chromosome 3 in synchronized HeLa cells by immunoprecipitation. The results show that MCM‐BP mainly interacts with MCM7 in the Triton‐soluble fraction from S phase and G2 phase cells, and it also interacts with structural maintenance of chromosome 3 in the fraction from G2 phase cells. In vitro studies show that MCM‐BP disassembles MCM2–7 bound to DNA with a fork‐like structure by interacting with MCM3, MCM5, and MCM7. These results suggest that MCM‐BP functions in disassembling MCM2–7 on chromatin during S phase and G2 phase by interacting with MCM3, MCM5, and MCM7.Structured digital abstract

MCM-BP physically interacts with MCM6 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (1, 2)

MCM-BP physically interacts with MCM8 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)

MCM-BP physically interacts with MCM7 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)

MCM-BP physically interacts with MCM2 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)

MCM-BP physically interacts with MCM7, MCM4, MCM3, MCM5 and MCM6 by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)

MCM4 physically interacts with MCM7 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)

MCM-BP physically interacts with CDC7 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)

MCM-BP physically interacts with PSF2 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)

MCM-BP physically interacts with SLD5 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)

MCM-BP physically interacts with SMC3 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)

MCM-BP physically interacts with MCM6, MCM7, MCM3, MCM4, ORC3, MCM5 and SMC3 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)

MCM-BP physically interacts with MCM5 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)

MCM-BP physically interacts with MCM3 by anti bait coimmunoprecipitation (View interaction)
National Inventory of Core Capabilities for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response: Results from 36 countries with reviews in 2008 and 2010
Authors: Moen Ann , Kennedy Pamela J. , Cheng Po‐Yung , MacDonald Goldie 
Published: December 2013

BackgroundRe‐emergence in 2003 of human cases of avian H5N1 and the resultant spread of the disease highlighted the need to improve the capacity of countries to detect and contain novel viruses. To assess development in this capacity, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) produced a tool for assessing a country's capability in 12 critical areas related to pandemic preparedness, including monitoring and identifying novel influenza viruses.ObjectivesCapabilities the CDC tool assesses range from how well a country has planned and is prepared for an outbreak to how prepared a country is to respond when a pandemic occurs. Included in this assessment tool are questions to determine whether a country has a detailed preparedness plan and the laboratory capacity to identify various strains of influenza quickly and accurately.MethodsThe tool was used first in 2008 when 40 countries in collaboration with CDC calculated baseline scores and used a second time in 2010 by 36 of the original 40 countries to determine whether they had improved their preparedness. Using basic mathematical comparison and statistical analyses, we compared data at the aggregate capability level as well as at the indicator and country levels. Additionally, we examined the comments of respondents to the assessment questionnaire for reasons (positive and negative) that would explain changes in scores from 2008 to 2010.ResultsAnalysis of results of two assessments in 36 countries shows statistically significant improvement in all 12 capabilities on an aggregate level and 47 of 50 indicators.
Systematic review of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus shedding: duration is affected by severity, but not age
Authors: Fielding James E. , Kelly Heath A. , Mercer Geoffry N. , Glass Kathryn 
Published: December 2013

Duration of viral shedding following infection is an important determinant of disease transmission, informing both control policies and disease modelling. We undertook a systematic literature review of the duration of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus shedding to examine the effects of age, severity of illness and receipt of antiviral treatment. Studies were identified by searching the PubMed database using the keywords ‘H1N1’, ‘pandemic’, ‘pandemics’, ‘shed’ and ‘shedding’. Any study of humans with an outcome measure of viral shedding was eligible for inclusion in the review. Comparisons by age, degree of severity and antiviral treatment were made with forest plots. The search returned 214 articles of which 22 were eligible for the review. Significant statistical heterogeneity between studies precluded meta‐analysis. The mean duration of viral shedding generally increased with severity of clinical presentation, but we found no evidence of longer shedding duration of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 among children compared with adults. Shorter viral shedding duration was observed when oseltamivir treatment was administered within 48 hours of illness onset. Considerable differences in the design and analysis of viral shedding studies limit their comparison and highlight the need for a standardised approach. These insights have implications not only for pandemic planning, but also for informing responses and study of seasonal influenza now that the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus has become established as the seasonal H1N1 influenza virus.
WHERE DID EARLY ROMAN HISTORY COME FROM?
Authors: GRIFFITHS ALAN 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
Evaluating the narratives of late sixth- and early fifth-century Roman history provided by writers like Livy, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and Plutarch has proved a contentious business. Some scholars are keen to believe that genuine traditions lie beneath the superficial literary encrustation, while others are inclined to minimize these elements and to emphasize the role of pre-existing Greek historiographical templates in shaping accounts of the early period at Rome. This paper tries to add support to the latter tendency by identifying, beyond the mere mess of motifs, a consistent and continuous sequence of events at Rome that matches up with contemporary goings-on in Sparta and Athens. A small but perfectly-formed detail is pounced upon as confirmatory proof of the hypothesis.
Inverse relationship between gestational weight gain and glucose uptake in human placenta from female foetuses
Authors: Walker S. P. , Ugoni A. M. , Lim R. , Lappas M. 
Published: December 2013

SummaryBackgroundMaternal obesity and gestational weight gain (GWG) have a significant impact on the in utero environment, and thus on foetal development and the health of the offspring later in life.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of maternal pre‐existing obesity and maternal GWG on glucose uptake from placentas from male and female offspring.MethodsTotal glucose uptake was measured in placental explants using radio‐labelled glucose.ResultsIn the female placentas (n = 36), GWG and glucose uptake were significantly negatively correlated (r = −0.7, P < 0.0001; n = 36), and customized birthweight centile correlated with placental glucose uptake (r = 0.36, P = 0.03) but not GWG. In the male placentas (n = 45), GWG and glucose uptake were not related, and customized birthweight centile correlated with GWG (r = 0.34, P = 0.02; n = 45), but not placental glucose uptake.ConclusionsThe female placenta can adapt glucose uptake in the face of excessive GWG. The male placenta showed no evidence of changing glucose uptake in response to maternal GWG.