bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of Health Assistants in primary Health centres in Rural Maharashtra, India
Authors: Ganguly Enakshi , Garg Bishan S. 
Published: April 2013

Introduction Health assistants are important functionaries of the primary health care system in India. Their role is supervision of field-based services among other things. A quality assurance mechanism for these health assistants is lacking. The present study was undertaken with the objectives of developing a tool to assess the quality of health assistants in primary health centres (PHCs) and to assess their quality using this tool. Methodology Health assistants from three PHCs in the Wardha district of India were observed for a year using a tool developed from primary health care management Aavancement program modules. Data was collected by direct observation, interview, and review of records for quality of activities. Results Staff strength of health assistants was 87.5%. None of the health assistants were clear about their job descriptions. A supervisory schedule for providing supportive supervision to auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs) was absent; most field activities pertaining to maternal and child health received poor focus. Monthly meetings lacked a clear agenda, and comments on quality improvement of services provided by the ANMs were missing. Conclusion Continuous training with sensitization on quality issues is required to improve the unsatisfactory quality.
The Ordered K-theory of a Full Extension
Authors: Eilers Søren , Restorff Gunnar , Ruiz Efren 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLet be a C*-algebra with real rank zero that has the stable weak cancellation property. Let be an ideal of such that is stable and satisfies the corona factorization property. We prove thatis a full extension if and only if the extension is stenotic and K-lexicographic. As an immediate application, we extend the classification result for graph C*-algebras obtained by Tomforde and the first named author to the general non-unital case. In combination with recent results by Katsura, Tomforde, West, and the first named author, our result may also be used to give a purely K-theoretical description of when an essential extension of two simple and stable graph C*-algebras is again a graph C*-
algebra.
Animals and Moral Agency: The Recent Debate and Its Implications
Authors: Clement Grace 
Published: April 2013

Abstract
In the last 25 years, several philosophers and scientists have challenged the historical consensus that nonhuman animals cannot be moral agents. In this article, I examine this challenge and the debate it has provoked. Advocates of animal moral agency have supported their claims by appealing to non-rationalist accounts of morality and to observations of animal behavior. Critics have focused on the dangers of anthropomorphism and have argued that we cannot know animals’ states of mind with any certainty. Despite the strengths of the arguments for animal moral agency, the critics’ skeptical counter-challenges seem to bring this debate to a stalemate. However, I suggest that recent philosophical work focusing on personal experiences with animals may reveal a way to dissolve skeptical concerns and offer new insights about the role of animals in morality.
Scanning Probe Microscopy of Nanocomposite Membranes and Dynamic Organization
Authors: Montaño Gabriel A. , Adams Peter G. , Xiao Xiaoyin , Goodwin Peter M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractNanocomposite membrane assemblies are a class of materials that incorporate inorganic/organic nanoscale materials, such as fullerenes and gold nanoparticles or nanostructured materials with bio‐inspired amphiphilic structures composed of molecules such as lipids or block copolymers. One of the intrigues of such materials is the potential to develop programmable membrane assemblies that mimic biological membrane complexity, dynamics and function. Due to the nanoscale nature of the assemblies, it becomes necessary to understand interactions between these materials with nanoscale resolution. Although many techniques are able to provide information as to the overall organization of membrane‐based assemblies, only scanning probe microscopy (SPM) methods allow for a direct visualization of stochastic processes under environmentally relevant conditions. Here, an overview of nanocomposite membrane and thin film architecture investigations is presented with an emphasis on using in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) in combination with fluorescence microscopy/spectroscopy techniques to understand organization and dynamics, in relation to activities and capabilities at the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies.
Copper‐Catalyzed C‐Arylation and Denitrogenation of Tetrazoles: Domino Synthesis of 1,3‐Diaminoisoquinoline Derivatives
Authors: Shi Liangliang , Yang Haijun , Jiang Yuyang , Fu Hua 
Published: April 2013

AbstractAn unexpected copper‐catalyzed sequential C‐arylation and denitrogenation of tetrazoles leading to 1,3‐diaminoisoquinoline derivatives has been developed, and the corresponding 1,3‐diaminoisoquinoline derivatives were obtained in moderate to good yields. The method provides a novel strategy for the synthesis of isoquinoline derivatives containing various functional groups.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Transformation of Aryl Propargylic Azides to Aryl Propiolonitriles
Authors: Wang Teng , Yin Hang , Jiao Ning 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA concise copper(I)‐catalyzed oxidative transformation of aryl propargyl azides to aryl propiolonitriles has been developed. Aryl propiolonitrile derivatives can be obtained in moderate to good yields by this strategy. An oxidative Schmidt rearrangement is involved in this transformation.
Relay Catalysis: Enantioselective Synthesis of Cyclic Benzo‐Fused Homoallylic Alcohols by Chiral Brønsted Acid‐Catalyzed Allylboration/Ring Closing Metathesis
Authors: Fustero Santos , Rodríguez Elsa , Lázaro Rubén , Herrera Lidia , Catalán Silvia , Barrio Pablo 
Published: April 2013

AbstractSix‐ and seven‐membered benzo‐fused cyclic homoallylic alcohols can be readily synthesized by a tandem chiral Brønsted acid‐catalyzed allyl (crotyl)boration/ring closing metathesis sequence performed under orthogonal relay catalysis conditions. Excellent enantio‐ and diastereoselectivities are obtained in most of the cases. In addition, the parent crotylboration/RCM process is also described. The required substrates, ortho‐vinylbenzaldehydes, are readily available in one step from commercially available starting materials. Both catalysts and reactants are also available from commercial suppliers. The reaction shows broad functional group compatibility and is also suitable for heteroaromatic substrates. Substitution at any position of the aromatic ring is tolerated; however, substitution at position 6 results in a substantial drop in enantioselectivity.
Synthesis of Optically Active 2H‐Thiopyrano[2,3‐b]quinolines with Three Contiguous Stereocenters via an Organocatalytic Asymmetric Tandem Michael–Henry Reaction
Authors: Wu Lulu , Wang Youming , Song Haibin , Tang Liangfu , Zhou Zhenghong , Tang Chuchi 
Published: April 2013

AbstractOptically active 2H‐thiopyrano[2,3‐b]quinolines with three contiguous stereocenters have been synthesized via a chiral bifunctional squaramide‐catalyzed tandem Michael–Henry reaction between 2‐mercaptoquinoline‐3‐carbaldehydes and nitroolefins. The reactions proceed with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity to give the title compounds in high yields with high levels of diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity (up to >99/1 dr and >99% ee, respectively).
The Strategy of One Firm Offering a New Product with Willingness to Pay Elicited in the Lab
Authors: Marette Stéphan 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTThis study analyzes the strategy of one firm offering a new product with willingness to pay (WTP) for the usual and new products elicited in the lab. By using WTP from an experiment, surpluses for consumers choosing between the usual and new products are inferred and lead to an estimated demand for the new product. From this demand, the author shows how to estimate the ex ante price of the new product along with the ex ante level of advertising selected by one firm for informing consumers. The socially optimal level of advertising maximizing the welfare is also determined. The previous methodology is applied to two experiments with food. For a same‐advertising formula regarding information diffusion to consumers, the estimated levels of advertising highly differ between these two experiments because of different WTP variations linked to the new product.
Strukturell definierte Allylverbindungen der Hauptgruppenmetalle: Koordination und Reaktivität
Authors: Lichtenberg Crispin , Okuda Jun 
Published: April 2013

AbstractMetallorganische Allylverbindungen sind von Bedeutung als Allylierungsreagentien in der organischen Synthese, als Polymerisationskatalysatoren und als flüchtige Metallvorstufen in den Materialwissenschaften. Während die Allylchemie der Lanthanoide und syntheserelevanter Übergangsmetalle wie Palladium gut etabliert ist, bestand für die Allylchemie der Hauptgruppenmetalle Nachholbedarf. Jüngste Erkenntnisse über die Allylkomplexe der Gruppen 1, 2 und 12–16 zeichnen nun ein vollständigeres Bild. Dies beruht auf dem grundlegenden Verständnis der Metall‐Allyl‐Bindungswechselwirkungen im Festkörper und in Lösung. Außerdem wurden Reaktivitätstrends rational erklärt und neue, allylspezifische Reaktivitätsmuster aufgedeckt. Schlüsselerkenntnisse umfassen 1) die Nutzung unterschiedlicher Metall‐Allyl‐Wechselwirkungen (stark ionisch bis vorwiegend kovalent), 2) das Nutzen synergetischer Effekte in Heterodimetallverbindungen und 3) die Regulierung der Lewis‐Acidität durch Variation der Ladung von Allylkomplexen.
Life cycle assessment of bioethanol‐based PVC
Authors: Alvarenga Rodrigo AF , Dewulf Jo , De Meester Steven , Wathelet Alain , Villers Joseph , Thommeret Richard , Hruska Zdenek 
Published: April 2013

AbstractLiterature suggests that depletion of non‐renewable resources is the most concerning environmental impact category in the life cycle of the polyvinyl chloride (PVC), mainly due to the fossil feedstock for ethylene. Therefore, bioethanol is considered as another source for ethylene in the PVC production chain. The objective of this review was to perform a cradle‐to‐gate attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) of bioethanol‐based PVC resin. We created two scenarios for bioethanol‐based PVC (2010 and 2018), and compared them with fossil‐based PVC. We used primary data from Solvay S.A. and secondary data from the literature, for the life cycle inventory. For the impact assessment, we used several midpoint indicators and the ReCiPe Endpoint H/A. At midpoint level, bioethanol‐based PVC from 2010 and 2018 presented better results than fossil‐based PVC for non‐renewable resource use (13.8, 13.4, and 44.8 MJex/kg of PVC resin, respectively) and climate change (−0.09, –0.19, and 1.52 kg CO2eq/kg of PVC resin, respectively), but worse results for other environmental impact categories (e.g. ecotoxicity). At endpoint level, the two bioethanol‐based PVC scenarios showed better results overall than fossil‐based PVC (up to 66% lower). Within the bioethanol‐based PVC scenarios, the results for 2018 were better than for 2010 (up to 43% lower for the endpoint single score results) corroborating that higher efficiency (at the crop field and bioethanol production) and reduction of burnt harvest ought to reduce environmental impacts. Even though bioethanol‐based PVC had better results in comparison to fossil‐based, improvements should be sought to minimize other environmental impact categories, for example, biodiversity and ecotoxicity. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Removal of the local geomagnetic field affects reproductive growth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xu Chunxiao , Wei Shufeng , Lu Yan , Zhang Yuxia , Chen Chuanfang , Song Tao 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe influence of the geomagnetic field‐removed environment on Arabidopsis growth was investigated by cultivation of the plants in a near‐null magnetic field and local geomagnetic field (45 µT) for the whole growth period under laboratory conditions. The biomass accumulation of plants in the near‐null magnetic field was significantly suppressed at the time when plants were switching from vegetative growth to reproductive growth compared with that of plants grown in the local geomagnetic field, which was caused by a delay in the flowering of plants in the near‐null magnetic field. At the early or later growth stage, no significant difference was shown in the biomass accumulation between the plants in the near‐null magnetic field and local geomagnetic field. The average number of siliques and the production of seeds per plant in the near‐null magnetic field was significantly lower by about 22% and 19%, respectively, than those of control plants. These resulted in a significant reduction of about 20% in the harvest index of plants in the near‐null magnetic field compared with that of the controls. These results suggest that the removal of the local geomagnetic field negatively affects the reproductive growth of Arabidopsis, which thus affects the yield and harvest index. Bioelectromagnetics. 34:437–442. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Split intein mediated ultra‐rapid purification of tagless protein (SIRP)
Authors: Guan Dongli , Ramirez Miguel , Chen Zhilei 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTRapid and efficient tag removal remains a significant problem in recombinant protein purification. Using an engineered DnaE intein from Nostoc punctiforme, we developed a split intein mediated ultra‐rapid purification (SIRP) method for the purification of tagless recombinant protein from E. coli lysate in less than 1 h. This system exhibits extraordinarily rapid thio‐induced C‐terminal cleavage with about 50% completion within 30 s at both 22°C and 6°C. This is the fastest C‐terminal cleavage activity reported to date for inteins. Although the reaction kinetics slow down after the first minute, >90% cleavage completion is achieved within 30 min at 22°C, or within 3 h at 6°C. The ultra‐rapid cleavage kinetics are made possible by the positioning of the purification tag at the split junction to the C‐terminus of the intein N‐fragment, thus avoiding potential steric hindrance of the critical interaction between the N‐ and C‐extein. Target proteins are cleaved to >72% completion after 1 h of intein reaction regardless of the identity of the N‐terminal amino acid except in the cases of threonine (50% cleavage) and proline. The C‐terminal cleavage reaction can be effectively inhibited by divalent Zn2+ under non‐reducing conditions. Importantly, the association of the intein N‐ and C‐fragments is reversible, enabling the column‐bound intein N‐fragment bait protein to be regenerated for multiple usages and further reducing the cost of protein purification. SIRP technology should provide a useful tool for the purification of tagless proteins and peptides. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110:2471–2481. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inverse metabolic engineering to improve Escherichia coli as an N‐glycosylation host
Authors: Pandhal Jagroop , Woodruff Lauren B. A. , Jaffe Stephen , Desai Pratik , Ow Saw Y. , Noirel Josselin , Gill Ryan T. , Wright Phillip C. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTAn inverse metabolic engineering strategy was used to select for Escherichia coli cells with an increased capability to N‐glycosylate a specific target protein. We developed a screen for E. coli cells containing extra‐chromosomal DNA fragments for improved ability to add precise sugar groups onto the AcrA protein using the glycosylation system from Campylobacter jejuni. Four different sized (1, 2, 4, and 8 kb) genomic DNA libraries were screened, and the sequences that conferred a yield advantage were determined. These advantageous genomic fragments were mapped onto the E. coli W3110 chromosome. Five candidate genes (identified across two or more libraries) were subsequently selected for forward engineering verification in E. coli CLM24 cells, utilizing a combination of internal standards for absolute quantitation and pseudo‐selective reaction monitoring (pSRM) and Western blotting validation. An increase in glycosylated protein was quantified in cells overexpressing 4‐α‐glucantransferase and a phosphoenolpyruvate‐dependent sugar phosphotransferase system, amounting to a 3.8‐fold (engineered cells total = 5.3 mg L−1) and 6.7‐fold (engineered cells total = 9.4 mg L−1) improvement compared to control cells, respectively. Furthermore, increased glycosylation efficiency was observed in cells overexpressing enzymes involved with glycosylation precursor synthesis, enzymes 1‐deoxyxylulose‐5‐phosphate synthase (1.3‐fold) and UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase (1.6‐fold). To evaluate the wider implications of the engineering, we tested a modified Fc fragment of an IgG antibody as the target glycoprotein with two of our engineered cells, and achieved a ca. 75% improved glycosylation efficiency. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110:2482–2493. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In silico maturation of binding‐specificity of DNA aptamers against Proteus mirabilis
Authors: Savory Nasa , Lednor Danielle , Tsukakoshi Kaori , Abe Koichi , Yoshida Wataru , Ferri Stefano , Jones Brian V , Ikebukuro Kazunori 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTProteus mirabilis is a prominent cause of catheter‐associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) among patients undergoing long‐term bladder catheterization. There are currently no effective means of preventing P. mirabilis infections, and strategies for prophylaxis and rapid early diagnosis are urgently required. Aptamers offer significant potential for development of countermeasures against P. mirabilis CAUTI and are an ideal class of molecules for the development of diagnostics and therapeutics. Here we demonstrate the application of Cell‐SELEX to identify DNA aptamers that show high affinity for P. mirabilis. While the aptamers identified displayed high affinity for P. mirabilis cells in dot blotting assays, they also bound to other uropathogenic bacteria. To improve aptamer specificity for P. mirabilis, an in silico maturation (ISM) approach was employed. Two cycles of ISM allowed the identification of an aptamer showing 36% higher specificity, evaluated as a ratio of binding signal for P. mirabilis to that for Escherichia coli (also a cause of CAUTI and the most common urinary tract pathogen). Aptamers that specifically recognize P. mirabilis would have diagnostic and therapeutic values and constitute useful tools for studying membrane‐associated proteins in this organism. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 2573–2580. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluating differences of metabolic performances: Statistical methods and their application to animal cell cultivations
Authors: Hädicke O. , Lohr V. , Genzel Y. , Reichl U. , Klamt S. 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTIn cell culture process development, monitoring and analyzing metabolic key parameters is routinely applied to demonstrate specific advantages of one experimental setup over another. It is of great importance that the observed differences and expected improvements are practically relevant and statistically significant. However, a systematic assessment whether observed differences in metabolic rates are statistically significant or not is often missing. This can lead to time‐consuming and costly changes of an established biotechnological process due to false positive results. In the present work we demonstrate how well‐established statistical tools can be employed to analyze systematically different sources of variations in metabolic rate determinations and to assess, in an unbiased way, their implications on the significance of the observed differences. As a case study, we evaluate differing growth characteristics and metabolic rates of the avian designer cell line AGE1.CR.pIX cultivated in a stirred tank reactor and in a wave bioreactor. Although large differences in metabolic rates and cell growth were expected (due to different aeration, agitation, pH‐control, etc.) and partially observed (up to 79%), our results show that the inter‐experimental variance between experiments performed under identical conditions but with different pre‐cultures is a major contributor to the overall variance of metabolic rates. The lower bounds of the overall relative standard deviations for specific metabolic rates were between 4% and 73%. The application of available statistical methods revealed that the observed differences were statistically not significant and consequently insufficient to confirm relevant differences between both cultivation systems. Our study provides a general guideline for statistical analyses in comparative cultivation studies and emphasizes the necessity to account for the inter‐experimental variance (mainly caused by biological variation) to avoid false‐positive results. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 2633–2642. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Consolidated bioprocessing of highly concentrated jerusalem artichoke tubers for simultaneous saccharification and ethanol fermentation
Authors: Guo Lihao , Zhang Jian , Hu Fengxian , Dy Ryu Dewey , Bao Jie 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTConsolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of Jerusalem artichoke tuber (Jat) for ethanol production is one of the most promising options for an alternate biofuel technology development. The technical barriers include the weak saccharolytic enzyme (inulinase) activity of the fermentation strain, and the well mixing of the high viscous fermentation slurry at the highly concentrated Jat loading. In this study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae DQ1 was found to produce relatively large amount of inulinase for hydrolysis of inulin in Jat, and the helical ribbon stirring bioreactor used provided well mixing performance under the high Jat loading. Even a highly concentrated Jat loading up to 35% (w/w) in the helical ribbon bioreactor for CBP was allowed. The results obtained from this study have demonstrated a feasibility of developing a CBP process technology in the helical ribbon bioreactor for ethanol production at a high yield 128.7 g/L and the theoretical yield 73.5%, respectively. This level of ethanol yield from Jat is relatively higher than others reported so far. The results of this study could provide a practical CBP process technology in the helical ribbon bioreactor for economically sustainable alternate biofuel production using highly concentrated inulin containing biomass feedstock such as Jat, at least 35%. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 2606–2615. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Highly Strained Heterometallacycles of Group 4 Metallocenes with Bis(diphenylphosphino)methanide Ligands
Authors: Haehnel Martin , Hansen Sven , Priebe Jacqueline B. , Spannenberg Anke , Arndt Perdita , Brückner Angelika , Rosenthal Uwe 
Published: April 2013

AbstractA study of the coordination chemistry of different bis(diphenylphosphino)methanide ligands [Ph2PC(X)PPh2] (X=H, SiMe3) with Group 4 metallocenes is presented. The paramagnetic complexes [Cp2Ti{κ2‐P,P‐Ph2PC(X)PPh2}] (X=H (3 a), X=SiMe3 (3 b)) have been prepared by the reactions of [(Cp2TiCl)2] with [Li{C(X)PPh2}2(thf)3]. Complex 3 b could also be synthesized by reaction of the known titanocene alkyne complex [Cp2Ti(η2‐Me3SiC2SiMe3)] with Ph2PC(H)(SiMe3)PPh2 (2 b). The heterometallacyclic complex [Cp2Zr(H){κ2‐P,P‐Ph2PC(H)PPh2}] (4 aH) has been prepared by reaction of the Schwartz reagent with [Li{C(H)PPh2}2(thf)3]. Reactions of [Cp2HfCl2] with [Li{C(X)PPh2}2(thf)3] gave the highly strained corresponding metallacycles [Cp2M(Cl){κ2‐P,P‐Ph2PC(X)PPh2}] (5 aCl and 5 bCl) in very good yields. Complexes 3 a, 4 aH, and 5 aCl have been characterized by X‐ray crystallography. Complex 3 a has also been characterized by EPR spectroscopy. The structure and bonding of the complexes has been investigated by DFT analysis. Reactions of complexes 4 aH, 5 aCl, and 5 bCl did not give the corresponding more unsaturated heterometallacyclobuta‐2,3‐dienes.