bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refeeding enteroclysis as an alternative to parenteral nutrition for enteric fistula
Authors: Coetzee E. , Rahim Z. , Boutall A. , Goldberg P. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimRefeeding enteroclysis is one method of giving artificial nutritional support to patients with enterocutaneous fistula. This study compares the results of this technique with parenteral nutrition or nutrition given via a proximal stoma.MethodAll patients admitted to our intestinal failure unit with a proximal enteric fistula and managed with refeeding enteroclysis over a 4‐year period were included and compared with a matched group of patients managed without using this technique.ResultsTwenty patients (15 men) with a proximal enteric fistula received chyme refeeding down the distal limb of the fistula. This was established at a mean of 14 days after admission to the unit and total parenteral nutrition could be weaned off by 20 days. The mean output from the proximal limb was 1800 ml and the mean volume refed down the distal limb was 1220 ml per day. Additional enteric feed was given to 12 patients. No patient was given pharmacological agents to delay gastrointestinal transit or additional intravenous water and electrolyte for most of the time after refeeding was established. There were no complications or deaths related to chyme refeeding.ConclusionRefeeding enteroclysis is feasible in selected patients with a proximal enteric fistula or stoma. Adequate nutrition, water and electrolyte balance can be achieved without resorting to parenteral infusions.
Effects of early institutionalization on the development of emotion processing: a case for relative sparing?
Authors: Moulson Margaret C. , Shutts Kristin , Fox Nathan A. , Zeanah Charles H. , Spelke Elizabeth S. , Nelson Charles A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe tested the capacity to perceive visual expressions of emotion, and to use those expressions as guides to social decisions, in three groups of 8‐ to 10‐year‐old Romanian children: children abandoned to institutions then randomly assigned to remain in ‘care as usual’ (institutional care); children abandoned to institutions then randomly assigned to a foster care intervention; and community children who had never been institutionalized. Experiment 1 examined children's recognition of happy, sad, fearful, and angry facial expressions that varied in intensity. Children assigned to institutional care had higher thresholds for identifying happy expressions than foster care or community children, but did not differ in their thresholds for identifying the other facial expressions. Moreover, the error rates of the three groups of children were the same for all of the facial expressions. Experiment 2 examined children's ability to use facial expressions of emotion to guide social decisions about whom to befriend and whom to help. Children assigned to institutional care were less accurate than foster care or community children at deciding whom to befriend; however, the groups did not differ in their ability to decide whom to help. Overall, although there were group differences in some abilities, all three groups of children performed well across tasks. The results are discussed in the context of theoretical accounts of the development of emotion processing.
Workplace abuse narratives from dentistry, nursing, pharmacy and physiotherapy students: a multi‐school qualitative study
Authors: Rees C. E. , Monrouxe L. V. , Ternan E. , Endacott R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIntroductionPrevious healthcare student abuse research typically employs quantitative surveys that fail to explore contributory factors for abuse and students’ action in the face of abuse. Following a recent qualitative study of medical students’ abuse narratives, the current study explores dental, nursing, pharmacy and physiotherapy students’ abuse narratives to better understand healthcare workplace abuse.MethodsWe conducted three individual and 11 group interviews with 69 healthcare students in three Universities to elicit professionalism dilemma narratives. Of 226 professionalism dilemmas elicited, 79 were coded as student abuse. Secondary‐level thematic analysis of the abuse narratives addressed the following questions: What types of abuse experiences do healthcare students narrate? What factors do they cite as contributing to abuse and their responses to abuse?ResultsHealthcare students reported mostly covert abuse in their narratives. Although narrators described individual, relational, work and organisational factors contributing to abuse, they mostly cited factors relating to perpetrators. Most participants stated that they acted in the face of their abuse, and they mostly cited factors relating to themselves for acting. Students who did nothing in the face of abuse typically cited the perpetrator‐recipient relationship as the main contributory factor.DiscussionThere are many similarities across the narratives of the five healthcare student groups, suggesting that complex interactional/organisational factors are all‐important when considering how abuse is perpetuated within the healthcare workplace. Although some organisational factors may be difficult to change, we recommend that educational initiatives are a key starting point to tackle healthcare workplace abuse.
Hybrid songbirds employ intermediate routes in a migratory divide
Authors: Delmore Kira E. , Irwin Darren E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMigratory divides are contact zones between populations that use different routes to navigate around unsuitable areas on seasonal migration. Hybrids in divides have been predicted to employ intermediate and potentially inferior routes. We provide the first direct test of this hypothesis, using light‐level geolocators to track birds breeding in a hybrid zone between Swainson's thrushes in western Canada. Compared to parental forms, hybrids exhibited increased variability in their migratory routes, with some using intermediate routes that crossed arid and mountainous regions, and some using the same routes as one parental group on fall migration and the other on spring migration. Hybrids also tended to use geographically intermediate wintering sites. Analysis of genetic variation across the hybrid zone suggests moderately strong selection against hybrids. These results indicate that seasonal migratory behaviour might be a source of selection against hybrids, supporting a possible role for migration in speciation.
Information Asymmetry, Trade Size, and the Dynamic Volume‐Return Relation: Evidence from the Australian Securities Exchange
Authors: Sun Yang , Duong Huu Nhan , Singh Harminder 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates the influence of information asymmetry on the cross‐sectional variation of volume‐return relation. We find that the dynamic volume‐return relation within medium‐size trades has the most significant response to the degree of information asymmetry. We also show that the effect of information asymmetry on the volume‐return dynamics migrates to small‐size trades in recent years, especially in larger stocks. These results are consistent with the notion that informed traders prefer medium‐size trades and this preference has shifted to small‐size trades. Our findings highlight the importance of incorporating informed traders’ trade‐size decision in the examination of the dynamic volume‐return relation.
Considerable methane uptake by alpine grasslands despite the cold climate: in situ measurements on the central Tibetan Plateau, 2008–2013
Authors: Wei Da , Xu‐Ri   , Tenzin‐Tarchen   , Wang Yuesi , Wang Yinghong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe uptake of CH4 by aerate soil plays a secondary role in the removal of tropospheric CH4, but it is still highly uncertain in terms of its magnitude, spatial, and temporal variation. In an attempt to quantify the sink of the vast alpine grasslands (1 400 000 km2) of the Tibetan Plateau, we conducted in situ measurements in an alpine steppe (4730 m) and alpine meadow (4900 m) using the static chamber and gas chromatograph method. For the alpine steppe, measurements (2008–2013) suggested that there is large interannual variability in CH4 uptake, ranging from −48.8 to −95.8 μg CH4 m−2 h−1 (averaged of −71.5 ± 2.5 μg CH4 m−2 h−1), due to the variability in precipitation seasonality. The seasonal pattern of CH4 uptakes in the form of stronger uptake in the early growing season and weaker uptake in the rainy season closely matched the precipitation seasonality and subsequent soil moisture variation. The relationships between alpine steppe CH4 uptake and soil moisture/temperature are best depicted by a quadratic function and an exponential function (Q10 = 1.67) respectively. Our measurements also showed that the alpine meadow soil (average of −59.2 ± 3.7 μg CH4 m−2 h−1) uptake less CH4 than the alpine steppe and produces a similar seasonal pattern, which is negatively regulated by soil moisture. Our measurements quantified – at values far higher than those estimated by process‐based models – that both the alpine steppe and alpine meadow are considerable CH4 sinks, despite the cold weather of this high‐altitude area. The consecutive measurements gathered in this study also highlight that precipitation seasonality tends to drive the interannual variation in CH4 uptake, indicating that future study should be done to better characterize how CH4 cycling might feedback to the more extreme climate.
Interpreting the replacement and richness difference components of beta diversity
Authors: Legendre Pierre 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimThe variation in species composition among sites, or beta diversity, can be decomposed into replacement and richness difference. A debate is ongoing in the literature concerning the best ways of computing and interpreting these indices. This paper first reviews the historical development of the formulae for decomposing dissimilarities into replacement, richness difference and nestedness indices. These formulae are presented for species presence–absence and abundance using a unified algebraic framework. The indices decomposing beta play different roles in ecological analysis than do beta‐diversity indices.InnovationReplacement and richness difference indices can be interpreted and related to ecosystem processes. The pairwise index values can be summed across all pairs of sites; these sums form a valid decomposition of total beta diversity into total replacement and total richness difference components. Different communities and study areas can be compared: some may be dominated by replacement, others by richness/abundance difference processes. Within a region, differences among sites measured by these indices can then be analysed and interpreted using explanatory variables or experimental factors. The paper also shows that local contributions of replacement and richness difference to total beta diversity can be computed and mapped. A case study is presented involving fish communities along a river.Main conclusionsThe different forms of indices are based upon the same functional numerators. These indices are complementary; they can help researchers understand different aspects of ecosystem functioning. The methods of analysis used in this paper apply to any of the indices recently proposed. Further work, based on ecological theory and numerical simulations, is required to clarify the precise meaning and domain of application of the different forms. The forms available for presence–absence and quantitative data are both useful because these different data types allow researchers to answer different types of ecological or biogeographic questions.
The burden and management of FXIII deficiency
Authors: de Jager T. , Pericleous L. , Kokot‐Kierepa M. , Naderi M. , Karimi M. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryFactor XIII congenital deficiency (FXIII CD) is a serious bleeding disorder resulting in a lifelong bleeding tendency, defective wound healing and recurrent miscarriage. The aim of this study was to review available literature on the burden and management of FXIII CD. To this end, Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched. In current literature, FXIII CD is described as one of the most severe forms of a congenital coagulation disorder, primarily due to a high risk of severe bleeding events. The published literature suggests that over 50% of untreated FXIII CD patients experience severe bleeding symptoms. Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) – a major cause of death and morbidity – is reported to occur in up to one‐third of patients. Nonetheless, data on the social and financial burden in patients with FXIII CD are sparse. Identified reports on the effectiveness and safety of recommended treatments support that patients with FXIII CD should receive prophylactic treatment as early as possible in their lives to prevent the occurrence of bleeds, including potentially life‐threatening ICHs. In conclusion, limited data on the social and economic consequences related specifically to FXIII CD have been published to date. However, it is widely acknowledged that the high risk of severe bleeds and ICH results in a high level of burden in patients with bleeding disorders. To inform future clinical decision‐making and reimbursement decisions, further research is required to gain insight in how specifically FXIII CD affects quality of life and to fully understand associated economic consequences.
Assessment of the efficacy of the utilisation of conventional and electric toothbrushes by the older adults
Authors: Nobre Cristiane V. C. , Gomes Ana M. M. , Gomes Ana P. M. , Gomes Antonio A. , Nascimento Ana P. C. 
Published: July 2014

Objective:  To evaluate the efficacy of electric and conventional toothbrushes for a group of elderly individuals.Background:  Although the electric toothbrush has been recommended for elderly individuals, there had previously never been a study regarding its efficacy.Material and methods:  Sixty independent elders of both genders with different oral conditions from the Center Adult Day Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil, were randomly divided into two groups of 30 individuals. One group received the Oral B CrossAction Power electric toothbrush, whereas the other received a conventional Bitufo Class 32 soft toothbrush to perform oral hygiene. The bacterial plaque index (O’Leary Plaque Index) and DMFT index were assessed as a measure of oral hygiene and oral health. The data were analysed using the Shapiro–Wilk, Mann–Whitney and Wilcoxon tests.Results:  The results of the efficacy of the Oral B Cross Action Power electric toothbrush demonstrated that on the 7th and 15th days, the bacterial plaque indexes were 24.91 ± 12.81 and 22.11 ± 14.46, respectively, which corresponds to a 50.24% removal of bacterial plaque on the 7th and 55.83% on the 15th days. Although the electric toothbrush removed more bacterial plaque than the conventional toothbrush, the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion:  Both the conventional and the electric toothbrushes were effective in removing bacterial plaque within the elderly group. More studies are necessary to test the efficacy of electric toothbrushes in relation to conventional toothbrushes for elderly patients.
Personality and adolescent pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Harville Emily W. , Madkour Aubrey Spriggs , Xie Yiqiong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAimsTo examine the relationship between personality, pregnancy and birth outcomes in adolescents.BackgroundPersonality has been shown to be a strong predictor of many health outcomes. Adolescents who become pregnant have worse birth outcomes than adults.DesignCross‐sectional study using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (baseline, 1994–1995; follow‐up, 2007–2008).MethodsThe study sample was 6529 girls, 820 of whom reported on pregnancy outcomes for a teenage birth. Personality data were taken from the Mini International Personality Item Pool personality tool, which measures the five‐factor personality traits of neuroticism, conscientiousness, intellect/imagination, extraversion and agreeableness. Logistic regression was used to predict teen pregnancy and linear regression was used to predict birth weight and gestational age with adjustment for confounders and stratification by race.ResultsAgreeableness and intellect/imagination were associated with a reduced likelihood of becoming pregnant as an adolescent, while neuroticism, conscientiousness and extraversion were all associated with an increased likelihood of becoming pregnant. Higher neuroticism was associated with lower birth weight and gestational age among Black girls, but not non‐Black. Conscientiousness was associated with lower gestational age among non‐Black girls. No relationships were found with extraversion or agreeableness and birth outcomes. Receiving late or no prenatal care was associated with higher intellect/imagination.ConclusionsPersonality is understudied with respect to pregnancy and birth outcomes compared with other health outcomes. Such research could help professionals and clinicians design and target programmes that best fit the characteristics of the population most likely to need them, such as those with high neuroticism.
Key sites residues involved in interacting with chemicals of pheromone‐binding proteins from Lymantria dispar
Authors: Ma F. , Yu Y. X. , Qin H. , Zhang J. H. , Zhu S. F. , Chen N. Z. , Luo Y. Q. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractPheromone‐binding proteins (PBPs) are distributed widely on the antennae of insects, and they are believed to be involved in the process of chemical signal transduction, but their interaction with chemicals is largely unknown. Here, we present our findings on the key amino acid residues of PBPs in the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. Potential key residues were screened with the Calculate Mutation Energy program and molecular docking methods. Mutated proteins were obtained by mutating residues to alanine via site‐directed mutagenesis. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy showed that the mutated proteins formed α‐helix, and the stability of protein structure was influenced due to mutations. Fluorescence binding assays were further conducted with the mutated proteins, sex pheromones and analogues. Results showed that to PBP 1, tyrosine at position 41 and phenylalanine at position 76 could be the key amino acid residues influencing the stability of structure; in addition, phenylalanine at 36 and lysine at position 94 could be key amino acid residues interacting with chemicals. To PBP 2, glycine at position 49, phenylalanine at position 76 and lysine at position 121 could be the key amino acid residues in the structural stability. These results shed light on the relationship between the specific amino acids and functions of PBPs in transmitting the chemical signals.
Manipulation of oviposition and overwintering site choice of common green lacewings with synthetic lure (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: Koczor S. , Knudsen G. K. , Hatleli L. , Szentkirályi F. , Tóth M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractCommon green lacewings (Chrysoperla carnea species complex) are important predators of several insect pests, particularly aphids. Due to their potential in biological control, several efforts have been made to find means to retain common green lacewing adults or even to increase their numbers at a given site. In the course of field experiments conducted in Hungary and Norway, we tested the effect of a known ternary bait (phenylacetaldehyde, methyl salicylate, acetic acid) on oviposition and overwintering site choice of common green lacewings. In an orchard in Hungary, overwintering chambers were set up with and without baits. For the experiment on oviposition in Norway, a number of lacewing eggs were compared on trees with and without baits in selected sectors of the canopy. With the ternary bait, more common green lacewings could be attracted to overwintering chambers, and also significantly more eggs were found in the vicinity of baits than in other selected parts of the canopy, suggesting that this bait has the potential to manipulate both overwintering site choice and oviposition site choice of these important beneficial insects.
Monitoring of a Sugar Crystallization Process with Fuzzy Logic and Digital Image Processing
Authors: Villanueva Daniel , Posada Rubén , González Israel , García Ángel , Martínez Albino 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe sugar crystallization process is a solid–liquid separation where molecules are transferred from a solute dissolved in a liquid phase to a solid phase. The aim of this research is to present a monitoring computational framework to model sugar crystallization process based on expert knowledge using fuzzy logic and digital image techniques from direct samples of crystallization slurries, which determine the size of sugar crystals. The framework acquires images that feed a diffuse network automatically. Therefore, it is determined when displaying an image to various times in the process of crystallization. This allows us to know the growth behavior and to determine the optimum crystallization of the sugar crystals. The results show that using fuzzy logic techniques with digital images can be incorporated as a complementary tool for monitoring a sugar crystallization process.Practical ApplicationIn the sugar industry, it is very important to have a monitoring system for the crystallization process of sugar. This kind of system for the monitoring process can generate products of the highest quality and can facilitate energy savings in the industry. Moreover, the image processing‐based systems can also be used as a visual monitoring tool for the sugar crystallization process, allowing to improve the final quality of the products and to optimize the manufacturing process.
Evaluation of Chicory Roots Submitted to HTST Drying Process and Its Optimization
Authors: Sánchez‐Sáenz Carolina M. , de Oliveira Rafael A. , Park Kil J. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDrying of food and biological products has been prominent because of recovery of quality of life; considering this process ensures conservation of nutritional quality of product. It was intended in this project to submit chicory roots, rich in inulin, both fresh and frozen samples to a process of convective pre‐drying applying pulse of high temperature and short time (HTST). The objective was to determine the influence of pre‐drying in the final moisture content, texture and soluble solids content after extraction using chicory roots and assessing energy consumption (kWh) of process. It used central composite rotatable design 22, with three central points (level 0). Thus, each factor was studied in five temperature levels (between 110 and 150C) and application time (between 0 and 28 min). The higher levels of variables presented the best results, both in moisture content and texture. Therefore, they were used in process optimization. Experimental runs with longer application times coincide with those of smaller moisture content and higher values of Young's modulus. The concentration of soluble solids did not vary in studied conditions levels, showing that the concentration of soluble solids was not influenced by factors in the process. The suggested models for moisture content and Young's modulus had satisfactory fitting to experimental data. The variables temperature and drying time were statistically significant for energy consumption of process.Practical ApplicationsChicory roots are a highly perishable product, requiring, from an industrial point of view, a short processing period. Thus, to enable a better dimensioning of an agro‐industrial plant to obtain inulin and ensure a continuous provision of product, it is required to study a way of making available the chicory root throughout the year. Then, drying would be an alternative to reduce the water activity of raw material, and consequently, extend storage time. Moreover, as HTST methodology ensure a better structure, the rehydration of dry roots will enable good inulin extraction, as it is carried out with hot water.