bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances in carbonate exploration and reservoir analysis
Authors: Garland J. , Neilson J. , Laubach S. E. , Whidden K. J. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The development of innovative techniques and concepts, and the emergence of new plays in carbonate rocks are creating a resurgence of oil and gas discoveries worldwide. The maturity of a basin and the application of exploration concepts have a fundamental influence on exploration strategies. Exploration success often occurs in underexplored basins by applying existing established geological concepts. This approach is commonly undertaken when new basins ‘open up’ owing to previous political upheavals. The strategy of using new techniques in a proven mature area is particularly appropriate when dealing with unconventional resources (heavy oil, bitumen, stranded gas), while the application of new play concepts (such as lacustrine carbonates) to new areas (i.e. ultra-deep South Atlantic basins) epitomizes frontier exploration.
Many low-matrix-porosity hydrocarbon reservoirs are productive because permeability is controlled by fractures and faults. Understanding basic fracture properties is critical in reducing geological risk and therefore reducing well costs and increasing well recovery. The advent of resource plays in carbonate rocks, and the long-standing recognition of naturally fractured carbonate reservoirs means that new fracture and fault analysis and prediction techniques and concepts are essential.
A key area of progress has been integration of stratigraphic, structural, geomechanical and diagenetic analysis to populate reservoir models accurately. Dramatic increases in computing and digital imaging capabilities are being harnessed to improve spatial analysis and spatial statistics in reservoirs and ultimately improve 3D geocellular models.
Petrology of the İspendere (Malatya) ophiolite from the Southeast Anatolia: implications for the Late Mesozoic evolution of the southern Neotethyan Ocean
Authors: Parlak Osman , Karaoğlan Fatih , Rizaoğlu Tamer , Nurlu Nusret , Bağci Utku , Höck Volker , Önal Ayten Öztüfekçi , Kürüm Sevcan , Topak Yusuf 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

The İspendere ophiolite forms part of the Tauride active continental margin assemblage in SE Anatolia. The ophiolite exhibits an intact oceanic lithosphere section and is intruded by Late Cretaceous calc-alkaline granites. The ophiolite comprises mantle tectonites, ultramafic to mafic cumulates, isotropic gabbros, isolated diabase dykes, a sheeted dyke complex, plagiogranite and volcanic rocks. The volcanics and the sheeted dyke complex exhibit (1) similar rare earth element patterns, with flat to light rare earth element depletion (La–Yb)
N
=0.71–1.14 and 0.65–1.22, (2) negative Nb anomalies and (3) flat-lying high field strength element trends. These features differ from a typical Normal--Mid Ocean Ridge Basalt fractionation trend and could have resulted from
c.
15% partial melting of a previously depleted mantle source. The whole-rock chemistry and the mineral chemistry of the ultramafic to mafic cumulates [high Ca plagioclases (An
89–81
), magnesian olivines (Fo
88–81
) and clinopyroxenes (Mg#
90–83
)] show that the primary magma of the plutonic suite is compositionally similar to modern island arc tholeiites. The available evidence suggests that the İspendere ophiolite formed at a northerly supra-subduction zone spreading centre of the Southern Neotethys, between the Taurides and the Bitlis–Pütürge metamorphic units, during the Late Cretaceous. Comparison with the adjacent Göksun, Kömürhan and Guleman ophiolites suggests that the İspendere ophiolite represents part of a single regional-scale sheet of oceanic lithosphere that was accreted to the base of Tauride active continental margin where it was cut by arc-type magmatic rocks.
Dabigatran and Thrombin Modulate Electrophysiological Characteristics of Pulmonary Vein and Left Atrium
Authors: Chang Chien-Jung , Chen Yao-Chang , Kao Yu-Hsun , Lin Yung-Kuo , Chen Shih-Ann , Chen Yi-Jen 
Published: November 2012

Background—
Dabigatran reduces stroke in atrial fibrillation. Pulmonary veins (PVs) and left atrium (LA) play a critical role in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation. We investigated the effects of thrombin, blood clot solution, and dabigatran on PVs and LA.

Methods and Results—

Conventional microelectrodes were used to record the action potentials in isolated PV and LA preparations before and after the administration of thrombin or blood clot solution in control and dabigatran-treated rabbits. Thrombin (0.01, 0.1, and 1 unit/mL), respectively, reduced the PV (n=6) spontaneous beating rates from 1.9±0.2 to 1.7±0.2, 1.6±0.2, and 1.4±0.3 Hz (
P
=0.046). Blood clot solution (0.5% and 5.0%), respectively, reduced the PV (n=5) spontaneous beating rates from 2.0±0.4 to 1.8±0.4 and 1.3±0.3 Hz (
P
=0.044). Thrombin (0.01, 0.1, and 1 unit/mL) and blood clot solution (0.5% and 5.0%) increased LA diastolic tension and the resting membrane potential with decreased action potential duration and contractility. Thrombin (0.01, 0.1, and 1 unit/mL) and blood clot solution (0.5% and 5%) induced delayed afterdepolarization and burst firing in PVs, but not in LA. N
G
-nitro-
l
-arginine methyl ester (100 μmol/L) or a protease-activated receptor type 1 blocker (BMS 200261, 1 μmol/L) attenuated the effects of thrombin and blood clot solution in PVs and LA. Dabigatran-treated PVs had slower spontaneous activity (1.1±0.1 Hz; n=10;
P
=0.0001 versus control). Their electrophysiological characteristics were not changed by thrombin (1 unit/mL) and blood clot solution (5%).

Conclusions—
Thrombin modulates PV and LA electric and mechanical characteristics, which were blocked by dabigatran.
Comments on “Convectively Generated Potential Vorticity in Rainbands and Formation of the Secondary Eyewall in Hurricane Rita of 2005”
Authors: Terwey Wesley , Abarca Sergio F. , Montgomery Michael T. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
In a previous paper Judt and Chen propose that secondary eyewall formation can be the result of the accumulation of convectively generated potential vorticity in the rainbands. They argue that secondary potential vorticity maxima precede the development of the secondary wind maximum and conclude that vortex Rossby waves do not contribute to the formation of the secondary eyewall. Amidst examination of their thought-provoking study, some questions arose regarding their methodology, interpretation, and portrayal of previous literature.
Here the authors inquire about aspects of the methodology for diagnosing vortex Rossby waves and assessing their impact on their simulation. Inaccuracies in the literature review are noted and further analysis of existing, three-dimensional, full-physics, numerical hurricane integrations that exhibit canonical secondary eyewalls are encouraged.
Intensification of North American Megadroughts through Surface and Dust Aerosol Forcing*
Authors: Cook Benjamin I. , Seager Richard , Miller Ron L. , Mason Joseph A. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Tree-ring-based reconstructions of the Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) indicate that, during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), the central plains of North America experienced recurrent periods of drought spanning decades or longer. These megadroughts had exceptional persistence compared to more recent events, but the causes remain uncertain. The authors conducted a suite of general circulation model experiments to test the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) and land surface forcing on the MCA megadroughts over the central plains. The land surface forcing is represented as a set of dune mobilization boundary conditions, derived from available geomorphological evidence and modeled as increased bare soil area and a dust aerosol source (32°–44°N, 105°–95°W). In the experiments, cold tropical Pacific SST forcing suppresses precipitation over the central plains but cannot reproduce the overall drying or persistence seen in the PDSI reconstruction. Droughts in the scenario with dust aerosols, however, are amplified and have significantly longer persistence than in other model experiments, more closely matching the reconstructed PDSI. This additional drying occurs because the dust increases the shortwave planetary albedo, reducing energy inputs to the surface and boundary layer. The energy deficit increases atmospheric stability, inhibiting convection and reducing cloud cover and precipitation over the central plains. Results from this study provide the first model-based evidence that dust aerosol forcing and land surface changes could have contributed to the intensity and persistence of the central plains megadroughts, although uncertainties remain in the formulation of the boundary conditions and the future importance of these feedbacks.
Is a Decline of AMOC Causing the Warming Hole above the North Atlantic in Observed and Modeled Warming Patterns?
Authors: Drijfhout Sybren , van Oldenborgh Geert Jan , Cimatoribus Andrea 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
The pattern of global mean temperature (GMT) change is calculated by regressing local surface air temperature (SAT) to GMT for an ensemble of CMIP5 models and for observations over the last 132 years. Calculations are based on the historical period and climate change scenarios. As in the observations the warming pattern contains a warming hole over the subpolar North Atlantic. Using a bivariate regression of SAT to GMT and an index of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC), the warming pattern is decomposed in a radiatively forced part and an AMOC fingerprint. The North Atlantic warming hole is associated with a decline of the AMOC. The AMOC fingerprint resembles Atlantic multidecadal variability (AMV), but details of the pattern change when the AMOC decline increases, underscoring the nonlinearity in the response.
The warming hole is situated south of deep convection sites, indicating that it involves an adjustment of the gyre circulation, although it should be noted that some models feature deep convection in the middle of the subpolar gyre. The warming hole is already prominent in historical runs, where the response of the AMOC to GMT is weak, which suggests that it is involved in an ocean adjustment that precedes the AMOC decline. In the more strongly forced scenario runs, the warming hole over the subpolar gyre becomes weaker, while cooling over the Nordic seas increases, consistent with previous findings that deep convection in the Labrador and Irminger Seas is more vulnerable to changes in external forcing than convection in the Nordic seas, which only reacts after a threshold is passed.
Climate Change and National Security
Authors: Malone Elizabeth L. 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Climate change is increasingly recognized as having national security implications, which has prompted dialogue between the climate change and national security communities—with resultant advantages and differences. Climate change research has proven useful to the national security community sponsors in several ways. It has opened security discussions to consider climate as well as political factors in studies of the future. It has encouraged factoring in the stresses placed on societies by climate changes (of any kind) to help assess the potential for state stability. And it has shown that changes such as increased heat, more intense storms, longer periods without rain, and earlier spring onset call for building climate resilience as part of building stability. For the climate change research community, studies from a national security point of view have revealed research lacunae, such as the lack of usable migration studies. This has also pushed the research community to consider second- and third-order impacts of climate change, such as migration and state stability, which broadens discussion of future impacts beyond temperature increases, severe storms, and sea level rise and affirms the importance of governance in responding to these changes. The increasing emphasis in climate change science toward research in vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation also frames what the intelligence and defense communities need to know, including where there are dependencies and weaknesses that may allow climate change impacts to result in security threats and where social and economic interventions can prevent climate change impacts and other stressors from resulting in social and political instability or collapse.
Sleep Endoscopy with Midazolam
Authors: Abdullah Victor James , Lee Dennis Lip Yen , Ha Stanley Ching Nam , van Hasselt Charles Andrew 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveThis study examines subjects’ level of consciousness with bispectral analysis in sedation endoscopy of the upper airway.Study DesignA prospective study.SettingUniversity hospital.Subjects and MethodsBispectral analysis levels recorded in natural sleep of 43 patients with obstructive sleep apnea during an overnight polysomnographic sleep study were directly compared with the levels recorded during midazolam sedation sleep endoscopy in the same subjects. The possible muscle relaxation effect of midazolam was examined via surface chin electrodes. Supine Müller maneuver findings in 50 patients with obstructive sleep apnea were also compared with soft tissue dynamics during midazolam sedation sleep endoscopy.ResultsIn our study of the 43 patients with bispectral analysis during natural sleep and midazolam sedation sleep endoscopy, a predominance of bispectral analysis values indicating N1 and N2 sleep was observed during the sedation study. Midazolam failed to achieve deeper levels of sleep with minimal N3 and no convincing rapid eye movement. As N1 and N2 are the stages during which maximal dynamic activities occur, and they make up an average of 70.5% of total sleep time, from 210 sleep studies at our laboratory, the present technique would be ideal as a surgical assessment tool. No muscle relaxation effect could be detected at our protocol dose of midazolam. The supine Müller maneuver findings were significantly different from those observed during sedation sleep.ConclusionThese findings support the value of sleep endoscopy as an efficient and informative technique for the examination of upper airway dynamics relevant to focused surgical planning.
Detection of Staphylococcal Exotoxins in Antrochoanal Polyps and Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps
Authors: Guven Mehmet , Karabay Oguz , Akidil Oznur , Yilmaz Mahmut Sinan , Yildirim Muzaffer 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveStaphylococcal exotoxins have been reported in the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent reports have hypothesized that staphylococcal exotoxins might be related to inflammatory mucosal changes seen in chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps (CRS‐NPs). Staphylococcal exotoxins have the capacity to act as superantigens (SAgs), bypassing normal antigen processing and directly stimulating a massive inflammatory response. The objective of this study was to analyze polyp tissue samples from patients with antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) and CRS‐NPs for the presence of staphylococcal exotoxins.Study DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTertiary medical center.Subjects and MethodsTissue samples were obtained from 29 patients and 16 controls. Thirteen of 29 patients had ACPs, and 16 had CRS‐NPs. Specimens were analyzed for the presence of 5 staphylococcal exotoxins (SEA, SEB, SEC, SED, and toxic shock syndrome toxin–1) using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsAt least 1 toxin was detected in 7 of 13 patients with ACPs and in 13 of 16 patients with CRS‐NPs, whereas it was detected in only 4 controls. There were no statistically significant differences between ACP and control groups (P =. 063). Our results showed a statistically significant association between toxin detection and patients with CRS‐NPs (P =. 003).ConclusionInflammatory triggers in ACP remain a subject of debate, and this study does not support the hypothesis that staphylococcal exotoxins may play a role in ACP ethiopathogenesis. Our research is consistent with the possibility of SAgs as etiological agents in the development of bilateral nasal polyposis.
Association between Anxiety, Type A Personality, and Treatment Outcome of Dysphonia due to Benign Causes
Authors: Ng Jia Hui , Lo Stephen , Lim Francoise , Goh Susan , Kanagalingam Jeeve 
Published: October 2012

ObjectiveDysphonia has been linked to psychosocial factors such as anxiety and personality type. The aim of this study is to determine whether these factors also affect the treatment outcome of benign dysphonia.Study DesignProspective case series.SettingVoice clinic of a tertiary otolaryngology clinic.Subjects and MethodsThirty‐seven patients diagnosed with benign dysphonia over a 3‐month period were included. Demographic data, the Voice Handicap Index–10 (VHI‐10), Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), Clinical Anxiety Scale (CAS), and Bortner Personality Scale were recorded at presentation. After a period of treatment with lifestyle advice, proton pump inhibitors, and/or speech therapy, the VHI‐10 and RSI were repeated.ResultsAfter standard dysphonia treatment, 18 patients who reported complete recovery were found to be significantly less anxious (lower CAS scores) than those who did not recover completely (P =. 023). However, there was no significant difference in number of complete recoveries between patients of personality types A and B (P >. 05). Multivariate regression showed that higher CAS scores had a negative influence on the amount of improvement of VHI‐10 (P =. 026) but had no impact on RSI (P =. 148). Again, personality type had no influence on either RSI or VHI‐10 improvement (both P >. 05). An additional factor, older age, was found to predict negatively for the amount of RSI improvement (P =. 017), but no other predictive variables were identified.ConclusionThis is the first study to show that psychosomatic factors may affect treatment outcome in patients with dysphonia due to benign causes. The benefit of adjunctive psycho‐cognitive measures warrants further investigation.
Communication and Low Mood (CALM): a randomized controlled trial of behavioural therapy for stroke patients with aphasia
Authors: Thomas Shirley A , Walker Marion F , Macniven Jamie A , Haworth Helen , Lincoln Nadina B 
Published: October 2012

Objective: The aim was to evaluate behavioural therapy as a treatment for low mood in people with aphasia. Design: A randomized controlled trial comparing behavioural therapy plus usual care with a usual care control. Potential participants with aphasia after stroke were screened for the presence of low mood. Those who met the criteria and gave consent were randomly allocated. Setting: Participants were recruited from hospital wards, community rehabilitation, speech and language therapy services and stroke groups. Subjects: Of 511 people with aphasia identified, 105 had low mood and were recruited. Interventions: Behavioural therapy was offered for up to three months. Outcomes were assessed three and six months after random allocation. Main measures: Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire, Visual Analog Mood Scales ‘sad’ item, and Visual Analogue Self-Esteem Scale. Results: Participants were aged 29 to 94 years (mean 67.0, SD 13.5) and 66 (63%) were men. Regression analysis showed that at three months, when baseline values and communication impairment were controlled for, group allocation was a significant predictor of the Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire ( P < 0.05), visual analogue ‘sad’ ( P = 0.03), and Visual Analogue Self-Esteem Scale ( P < 0.01). At six months, group alone was a significant predictor of the Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire ( P < 0.05), and remained significant when baseline values were controlled for ( P = 0.02). Mean Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire 10-item hospital version scores decreased from baseline to six months by six points in the intervention group as compared with an increase of 1.9 points in the control group. Conclusions: Behavioural therapy seemed to improve the mood of people with aphasia.
Return to Competitive Play After Hamstring Injuries Involving Disruption of the Central Tendon
Authors: Comin Jules , Malliaras Peter , Baquie Peter , Barbour Tim , Connell David 
Published: October 2012

Background: The hamstring muscles are the most commonly injured muscle group in many different sports. Recovery time is often unpredictable and prolonged, and recurrent injury is common. Hypothesis: Hamstring injuries that disrupt the central tendon enclosed within the muscle belly require a longer recovery time than do injuries involving only muscle, epimysial fascia, or the musculotendinous junction. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Injury records from professional sports teams were reviewed to determine the length of recovery from each hamstring injury that occurred over a 24-month period. The integrity of the central tendon on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was retrospectively reviewed for each case. The association between central tendon disruption on MRI and recovery time was determined. Results: There were 62 hamstring injuries included for analysis; 45 (72%) involved the biceps femoris, 11 (18%) involved the semimembranosus, and 6 (10%) involved the semitendinosus. Central tendon disruption was identified in 12 (45%) of the biceps femoris injuries and in none of the injuries to the other 2 muscles. Three of these injuries were treated surgically, with a median recovery time of 91 days. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) recovery times for those remaining biceps femoris injuries with and without central tendon disruption were 21 days (IQR, 9-28) and 72 days (IQR, 42-109), respectively ( P < .01). Conclusion: Disruption of the central tendon in injuries to the biceps femoris results in a significantly longer recovery time than injuries that do not disrupt the central tendon. This highlights the distinction between injury to the hamstring muscle and injury to the hamstring tendon, which is underappreciated as being a distinct entity when injury involves the enclosed central portion of the tendon.
Thermomechanical analysis and optimization of thermoplastic elastomer made of polypropylene and waste tire rubber
Authors: Olhagaray J , Dinzart F , Bouchart V , Lipinski P 
Published: November 2012

This study presents the experimental characterization of new thermoplastic elastomers that comprised polypropylene and waste tire rubber (WTR). The processing was investigated to obtain standard tensile test samples. Particles and matrix compatibilization has been examined and the melt flow index was found to be a suitable way to determine the best ratio of compatibilizer. Additionally, standard mechanical tests were done on selected blends that have convenient compatibilizer concentration. Dynamic mechanical analysis tests have been carried out and storage modulus and loss factor were drawn as function of temperature. Influence of WTR concentration has been examined through quasistatic tensile tests ([Formula: see text] = 10−4, 10−3, 10−2 s−1). X-Ray tomography has been used to visualise the postmortem fracture surfaces as well as the internal microstructure of the samples. Image analyses have been performed via an in situ device in order to follow the damage process of the samples occurring under tensile stress in this type of composite.