bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individuals as active co-creators of their environments: implications for prevention of inequalities
Authors: Viding Essi , McCrory Eamon 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Here we outline three important issues that warrant consideration in the context of prevention and intervention of inequalities: (1) gene–environment correlation, (2) latent vulnerability following early adversity and (3) dynamic developmental effects. (1) Gene–environment correlation research clearly shows that individuals are active co-creators of their environments—in line with their genetic predispositions. Acknowledging dispositional differences is a key to refining preventative and targeted interventions to be more tailored to specific needs of children and families, which in turn will serve to reduce inequalities. (2) Latent vulnerability following early adversity means that a child is likely to develop altered patterns of processing across a range of domains relative to peers. These alterations are posited to reflect adaptation to harmful and unpredictable environments and relate to changes in learning processes (both social and educational). If we want to reduce inequalities following adversity, we need to consider how adaptations to adversity have impacted processes that are critical for social and educational domains. (3) Research on developmentally dynamic genetic and environmental effects underscores one key message. Early intervention is important, but it is not enough. There is a need for a cross-disciplinary, integrated approach for preventing inequalities, which emphasizes the importance of social development. Within this approach individual dispositions and proximal environments are not viewed as separate things. Instead, researchers will endeavour to better understand individuals as active co-creators of their environments and consider what this means for developing more sensitive and nuanced approaches for interventions.
Socio-economic inequality in the distribution of health care in the UK
Authors: Propper Carol 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This commentary begins with a discussion of how health care is modelled in a human capital approach and what that implies for inequality in the distribution of health care. This is followed by an outline of some of the key issues in the measurement of inequalities in health care. It ends with a brief review of what the empirical literature shows on inequality in health-care utilization in the UK by socio-economic status.1
Attitudes to inequality: preferences and beliefs
Authors: Almås Ingvild , Cappelen Alexander W , Sørensen Erik Ø , Tungodden Bertil 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
To understand attitudes to inequality, we need to study people’s fairness preferences and beliefs about the sources of inequality. This article reviews the existing experimental literature on fairness, including our new study ‘Fairness Across the World’ that collected novel data on attitudes to inequality in 60 countries. We establish that people in general are more willing to accept inequalities that reflect differences in performance than inequalities that reflect differences in luck—and that people care more about fairness than efficiency. We also document that people differ in their fairness preferences both within and between countries. Richer countries are more meritocratic, and, correspondingly, richer people are more meritocratic within countries. People also differ in their beliefs about the sources of inequality both between and within countries, and the evidence is consistent with people having a self-serving bias in beliefs.
Culturally Responsive Pedagogy in Physical Therapy Education
Authors: Varnado Kimberly , Richardson Shannon , Somyoo Nipaporn , Mejia-Downs Anne 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The push for holistic admissions practices in physical therapy education has evoked concerns that learners who are culturally and linguistically diverse might be less qualified than the predominant demographic traditionally admitted into programs. The implications are that culturally and linguistically diverse learners struggle academically and experience challenges passing the National Physical Therapy Examination. However, as the academic preparedness of learners is discussed, rarely does the conversation include the capabilities of faculty to teach these learners. As cohorts continue to include learners from a greater variety of backgrounds and identities, the largely homogenous professorate, with more than 80% identifying as White, might need training in culturally responsive pedagogy to best serve learners from all backgrounds and identities. Educators often use a “one-size-fits-all” approach in which learners are expected to use the same resources and pace for assignments, readings, and assessments, regardless of their learning strengths or academic preparation. That approach fails to empower educators to design curricula and instruction to position all learners to excel in the classroom. This Perspective explores strategies to support all learners through three dimensions of culturally responsive pedagogy: institutional, personal, and instructional. To truly transform society, we must first transform physical therapy education. Culturally responsive pedagogy advances and supports all student achievement by recognizing, fostering, and using their strengths in the learning environment.
Assessment and mitigation of radiation hazard for individuals engaged in reconnaissance survey in uranium exploration in Jharkhand, India
Authors: Trivedi Ankur , Patra S Nilanchal , Shrivastava Hanumant Bihari , Kumar Uday , Chakrabarti Kalyan , Sinha Deepak Kumar 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The present study attempts to obtain an a priori estimate of the absorbed dose received by an individual engaged in the reconnaissance survey in Uranium exploration using a predictive mathematical regression analysis. Other radiation safety parameters such as excess lifetime cancer risk are also calculated. Study reflects that the proper handling of naturally occurring radioactive materials accounts for an absorbed dose significantly less than the prescribed limit.
Mapping of uranium concentrations in groundwater samples of Davanagere district, Karnataka, India, and assessment of effective dose to the population
Authors: Hidayath Mohamed , Lavanya Bevinathalapura S K , Namitha Shivachara N , Chandrashekara Mallupura S , Pandit Sundar Achuta 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The geomorphology, geohydrology, lithology and ecological features of the area influence the uranium content in groundwater. The groundwater samples were collected from 75 locations of Davanagere district, Karnataka, India. Uranium analysis in the water samples was done using LED fluorimeter, based on fluorescence of dissolved uranyl salts. The uranium concentration in water samples varied from 18.41 to 173.21 μg L−1 with a geometric mean of 39.69 μg L−1. Higher uranium concentration in groundwater was observed in Harapanahalli and Jagalur taluk of Davanagere district, which falls in the Eastern Dharwar Craton, which is generally known to contain more radioactive minerals than the Western Dharwar Craton. The effective ingestion dose and lifetime cancer risk to the population were calculated using the obtained uranium concentration in drinking water.
Estimation of radon concentration in groundwater in the mining zone of Haryana, India, for lungs and stomach annual effective dose
Authors: Dhiman Rekha , Dalal Ranjeet , Kumar Suneel , Panghal Amanjeet , Kumar Ajay , Budhwar Savita , Chaudhary Sawan , Kaur Paramjeet 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The groundwater is being used for drinking and irrigation purposes in vast swathes of the Aravalli Mountain range. Since the radioisotope presence in groundwater is affected by the local mining processes, the radiation monitoring in groundwater of mining regions is of paramount importance. In the present work, we have estimated the 222Rn presence in the mining region of Aravalli in the southern part of Haryana. We measured the Radon concentration in 51 water samples from the intended area using the RAD7 alpha detector. The measured radon concentration in some of the water samples collected from the vicinity of the mining zone is higher than that of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation recommended value. Furthermore, we have estimated the annual effective doses for the lungs and stomach contributed by ingestion and inhalation. Though the calculated dose values in collected samples are not in the critical range, further monitoring of background radiation in the Aravalli region is required.
Gamma-ray interaction studies of concrete with waste glass fillers
Authors: Chikkegowda Ashwitha , Adarsh Raj Lingaraj , Belur Mohan Sankarshan , Krishnaveni Sannathammegowda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In the present work, the efficacy of waste glass as fillers in concrete for gamma-ray shielding has been studied. Glass fillers of 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60% concentrations have been incorporated into the concrete mixture. The attenuation measurements were performed using gamma spectrometer with NaI(Tl) detector at 511, 662, 1173, and 1332 keV gamma energies. Gamma-ray shielding parameters, such as the mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), are determined for all filler concentrations. The mass attenuation coefficient of the prepared samples was found to be varied from 0.081 to 0.088, 0.071 to 0.088, 0.05 to 0.058, and 0.05 to 0.055 (cm2 per g) for 511, 662, 1173, and 1332 keV gamma energies, respectively. It was observed that experimentally determined (μ/ρ) values were in very good agreement with theoretical values calculated from EDAX data. Furthermore, it was observed that (μ/ρ) showed an increasing trend with an increase in filler concentration, which is attributed to the increase in the shielding property of the material. Therefore, the glass-concrete composite can be accustomed to reduce the intensity of gamma radiation.
Study on polymer composites with glass for gamma ray shielding
Authors: Chikkegowda Ashwitha , Adarsh Raj Lingaraj , Belur Mohan Sankarshan , Krishnaveni Sannathammegowda 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The shielding of gamma radiation is of the utmost importance in industries, such as nuclear power plants, medical imaging, and space exploration. For the purpose of shielding objects in such an environment, it is essential to design materials with flexibility as well as high shielding capability. In order to enhance the radiation attenuation effectiveness of polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), glass has been blended with varying percentages. The fabricated composite has been subjected to gamma-ray interaction studies. The radiation shielding parameter, such as mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), has been determined for various energies, such as 137Cs (661.6 keV) and 60Co (1173 and 1332 keV). It is observed that the PVA composite with glass exhibits improved gamma radiation shielding properties compared to PVA. Therefore, the present work paves the way for the utility of PVA polymer with glass, offering a cost-effective and sustainable approach to gamma radiation shielding in radiation environments.
NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes expression is modified by LPS and titanium ions increasing the release of active IL-1β in alveolar bone-derived MSCs
Authors: Carrillo-Gálvez Ana Belén , Zurita Federico , Guerra-Valverde José Antonio , Aguilar-González Araceli , Abril-García Darío , Padial-Molina Miguel , Olaechea Allinson , Martín-Morales Natividad , Martín Francisco , O’Valle Francisco , Galindo-Moreno Pablo 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are inflammatory diseases of infectious etiology that lead to the destruction of the supporting tissues located around teeth or implants. Although both pathologies share several characteristics, it is also known that they show important differences which could be due to the release of particles and metal ions from the implant surface. The activation of the inflammasome pathway is one of the main triggers of the inflammatory process. The inflammatory process in patients who suffer periodontitis or peri-implantitis has been mainly studied on cells of the immune system; however, it is also important to consider other cell types with high relevance in the regulation of the inflammatory response. In that context, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play an essential role in the regulation of inflammation due to their ability to modulate the immune response. This study shows that the induction of NLRP3 and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome pathways mediated by bacterial components increases the secretion of active IL-1β and the pyroptotic process on human alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hABSCs). Interestingly, when bacterial components are combined with titanium ions, NLRP3 expression is further increased while AIM2 expression is reduced. Furthermore, decrease of NLRP3 or AIM2 expression in hABSCs partially reverses the negative effect observed on the progression of the inflammatory process as well as on cell survival. In summary, our data suggest that the progression of the inflammatory process in peri-implantitis could be more acute due to the combined action of organic and inorganic components.
Causal relationship between immune cells and the risk of myeloperoxidase antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody‐associated vasculitis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Cai Xiaojing , Li Junhua , Wu Manyi , Liu Qingquan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare inflammatory disease categorized as antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐associated vasculitis. The majority of patients are ANCA‐positive, predominantly against myeloperoxidase (MPO). Previous studies have predominantly concentrated on the association between EGPA and neutrophils, but recent research has emphasized the role of lymphocytes in the development of EGPA. The objective of our research was to examine the causal association between immune cells and MPO + ANCA EGPA. A two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed, which included 159 MPO + ANCA EGPA cases and 6688 controls and utilized Genome‐Wind Associaton Studies (GWAS) summary statistics of immune traits from approximately 3757 individuals, encompassing around 22 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Our findings revealed that 23 immunophenotypes were associated with MPO + ANCA EGPA. Furthermore, the reverse MR analysis showed that MPO + ANCA EGPA had significant causal effects on three immunophenotypes within the Treg panel. By integrating existing research, our study unveiled the contributions of Tregs, B cells, and monocytes to the development of EGPA. Subgroup analysis specifically examined the roles of lymphocyte subtypes, cytokines, and their surface molecules in the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease. This comprehensive approach provides a novel perspective on the biological mechanisms and early intervention strategies for MPO + ANCA EGPA by focusing on immune cells.
A translational model of chronic diabetic nephropathy in the Nile grass rat
Authors: Naseri Marzieh , Ranaei Pirmardan Ehsan , Melhorn Mark I. , Zhang Yuanlin , Barakat Aliaa , Hafezi‐Moghadam Ali 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major healthcare challenge for individuals with diabetes and associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The existing rodent models do not fully represent the complex course of the human disease. Hence, developing a translational model of diabetes that reproduces both the early and the advanced characteristics of DN and faithfully recapitulates the overall human pathology is an unmet need. Here, we introduce the Nile grass rat (NGR) as a novel model of DN and characterize key pathologies underlying DN. NGRs spontaneously developed insulin resistance, reactive hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia. Diabetic NGRs evolved DN and the key histopathological aspects of the human advanced DN, including glomerular hypertrophy, infiltration of mononuclear cells, tubular dilatation, and atrophy. Enlargement of the glomerular tufts and the Bowman's capsule areas accompanied the expansion of the Bowman's space. Glomerular sclerosis, renal arteriolar hyalinosis, Kimmelsteil–Wilson nodular lesions, and protein cast formations in the kidneys of diabetic NGR occurred with DN. Diabetic kidneys displayed interstitial and glomerular fibrosis, key characteristics of late human pathology as well as thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and podocyte effacement. Signs of injury included glomerular lipid accumulation, significantly more apoptotic cells, and expression of KIM‐1. Diabetic NGRs became hypertensive, a known risk factor for kidney dysfunction, and showed decreased glomerular filtration rate. Diabetic NGRs recapitulate the breadth of human DN pathology and reproduce the consequences of chronic kidney disease, including injury and loss of function of the kidney. Hence, NGR represents a robust model for studying DN‐related complications and provides a new foundation for more detailed mechanistic studies of the genesis of nephropathy, and the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Determination of the Optimal Volume of 0.5% Ropivacaine in Single-injection Retroclavicular Brachial Plexus Block for Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery: A Phase I/II Trial
Authors: Zhang Hongye , Wu Jinyu , Miao Yongsheng , Yuan Ying , Qu Zongyang , Zhang Yaonan , Hua Zhen 
Published: July 2024

Background:
A brachial plexus block plays an important role in providing perioperative analgesia for shoulder surgery; however, the inherent risk of phrenic nerve block and resulting hemidiaphragmatic paralysis may limit its use in patients with compromised pulmonary function. This study aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, maximum tolerated volume, and optimal biologic volume of 0.5% ropivacaine used in a single-injection retroclavicular brachial plexus block for arthroscopic shoulder surgery.

Methods:
In this seamless single-arm exploratory phase I/II trial, a novel Bayesian optimal interval design was used to guide volume escalation for determination of the maximum tolerated volume, followed by sequential volume expansion using Bayesian optimal phase 2 design to establish the optimal biologic volume. Fifty-four patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery received a single-injection retroclavicular brachial plexus block with 0.5% ropivacaine ranging from 15 to 40 ml. The primary outcomes were complete or partial hemidiaphragmatic paralysis in phase I, measured using ultrasound 30 min after block completion, and the block success in phase II, defined as achieving a total sensorimotor score 12 points or greater and the total sensory score 3 points or greater, measured through manual sensorimotor testing.

Results:
The maximum tolerated volume for the single-injection retroclavicular brachial plexus block was determined to be 35 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine, with a hemidiaphragmatic paralysis rate of 0.09 (95% credible interval, 0 to 0.29). The optimal biologic volume was found to be 25 ml, with a block success rate of 1.0 (95% credible interval, 0.95 to 1.0) and a negligible hemidiaphragmatic paralysis rate of 0.01 (95% credible interval, 0 to 0.06).

Conclusions:
A single-injection retroclavicular brachial plexus block using 25 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine produced consistent block success with a minimal hemidiaphragmatic paralysis rate, suggesting the need for further studies to confirm this result in arthroscopic shoulder surgery.
Quantifying Distal Deltoid Disruption With Linear versus Curvilinear Plating of Proximal Humerus Fractures: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Galal Youssef , Vohra Arjun , Saunders Patrick , Paul Ben , Hui Clayton , Yao Stephen , Lederman Evan , McKee Michael , Shah Anup 
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND:
Plate fixation of proximal humeral fractures is usually associated with some degree of distal deltoid dissection. The purpose of this study was to quantify deltoid release with standard linear versus curvilinear plates used in the repair of proximal humeral fractures.

METHODS:
Seven nonpaired, fresh-frozen, clavicle-to-fingertip cadaveric shoulders met the inclusion criteria for this study. Four different proximal humerus implants were tested. One of these plates was curvilinear (89 mm), and the other 3 plates were linear (85, 98, 109 mm in length). Plates were compared based on the amount of deltoid insertion released for proper plate positioning. An analysis of variance with post hoc Tukey tests was conducted to compare mean deltoid disruption across the 3 shortest plate types from each manufacturer. A linear regression analysis was conducted to analyze the effect of plate length on mean deltoid release.

RESULTS:
The mean deltoid insertion length was 39.6 ± 8.6 mm (n = 7). The curvilinear plate (89 mm) required the least amount of average deltoid release at 4.1 ± 4.5 mm, or 12.1% of the deltoid insertion. Independent analysis of variance, including the 3 shortest plates from each manufacturer, found a significant effect of which plate was used on the amount of deltoid disruption that resulted (F(2, 18) = 18.0, P < 0.001, ω = 0.6). A linear regression including all 4 plates demonstrated a statistically significant direct relationship between the plate length and the mean deltoid released (y = 0.6x − 43.8, r2 = 4).

CONCLUSION:
This study demonstrates that proximal humerus plate length has a direct relationship with the amount of deltoid released during plating. Although deltoid disruption is length dependent, plate shape (curvilinear vs. linear) could also be contributory. When comparing a curvilinear and a linear plate of similar lengths, the curvilinear plate resulted in less mean deltoid release.
Neuroinflammation and mental health outcomes in adolescents living with HIV
Authors: Mudra Rakshasa-Loots Arish , Vera Jaime H. , Laughton Barbara 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of review
Adolescents living with HIV show chronic inflammation, which in turn has been linked to mental health outcomes in the general population. The increased risk for mental health issues in adolescents with HIV may thus be driven by HIV-related inflammation. In this review, we discuss the associations between peripheral and central nervous system inflammation and mental health outcomes in adolescents with HIV.

Recent findings
Preclinical models indicate that expression of HIV viral proteins early in life may lead to neuroinflammation and behavioural deficits in adolescence. Clinical evidence is available primarily in the general population and in adults with HIV, and suggests that inflammatory biomarkers such as IL-6 and TNF-α may be associated with depressive symptoms. Only one study has explored these relationships in adolescents with HIV, and did not find that inflammatory biomarkers in the blood or brain were linked to depressive symptoms. Current research in this field focuses overwhelmingly on peripheral inflammatory biomarkers (compared to neuroimaging biomarkers) and on depression (compared to other mental health conditions).

Summary
There is strong evidence to suggest that neuroinflammation and peripheral inflammation may play a role in the development of mental health issues in adolescents, but research in adolescents with HIV is sparse. Characterizing the relationship between inflammation and mental health in adolescents with HIV may help improve the prediction, prevention, early intervention, and treatment of mental health issues in this population.