bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Getting to a Whole School Approach: Lessons From School Effectiveness and School Improvement in ESD Research
Authors: Verhelst Dries , Mogren Anna , Boeve-de Pauw Jelle , Van Petegem Peter 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThis chapter highlights the challenges faced by schools in implementing a whole school approach (WSA) for education for sustainable development (ESD) and suggests a potential reason for these challenges. While much of the current ESD research has focused on curricula and pedagogy, the chapter argues that an effective organizational context is crucial for implementing any school-wide approach. However, the factors that shape such an enabling context have largely remained unexplored in ESD research. The chapter suggests that SE and SI research can provide valuable insights into how the organizational characteristics of a school can facilitate the implementation and outcomes of ESD. By combining both perspectives, the chapter aims to foster a better understanding of how an effective WSA for ESD can be conceptualized and implemented.
How can a Whole School Approach to Sustainability be Inclusive to All Learners?
Authors: Rončević Katarina , Rieckmann Marco 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe pedagogical concepts “Education for Sustainable Development” (ESD) and “Inclusive Education” have hitherto been discussed and promoted separately from each other. Embedding ESD effectively for all learners within formal education goes way beyond the classroom. A whole school approach (WSA) can thus assist with mainstreaming ESD inclusively in school education and beyond. However, although a WSA, in principle, should benefit all learners, it will take extra effort to do so in practice as in many schools today certain groups of students are willingly or unwillingly marginalized or even left out altogether. This contribution zooms in on the challenge of inclusion within a WSA which requires revealing the exclusion mechanisms that often are at work in schools, on the one hand, and identifying suitable pedagogical approaches that support more inclusive education, on the other. To this end, 11 experts with different backgrounds and perspectives in relation to inclusive education were interviewed. This chapter illustrates how WSAs can be designed to include all learners.
Introduction: Causation in Social-Ecological Systems
Authors: Johansson Lars-Göran , Banitz Thomas , Grimm Volker , Hertz Tilman , Lindkvist Emilie , Martínez Peña Rodrigo , Radosavljevic Sonja , Ylikoski Petri , Schlüter Maja 
Published: June 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we start the discussion about causal idiom by giving excerpts from three papers, each discussing the dynamics of a social-ecological system. There is plenty of talk about causes in these papers, but, interestingly, the authors talk about causes and effects without much reflection on the criteria for something being a cause of something else, nor about the required evidence for such claims.
Causal Talk Is Fundamental
Authors: Johansson Lars-Göran , Banitz Thomas , Grimm Volker , Hertz Tilman , Lindkvist Emilie , Martínez Peña Rodrigo , Radosavljevic Sonja , Ylikoski Petri , Schlüter Maja 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe terms ‘cause’ and ‘effect’ are very common in both ordinary and scientific discourse. Since they have a number of synonyms (or near synonyms), there is no point in trying to define ‘cause’ or ‘effect’ using any of these synonyms; ‘cause’ and ‘effect’ belong to the most fundamental level of language learnt in childhood. The way to give their meaning is to display a number of contexts in which causal expressions are used without any justification. The chapter ends with a presentation and discussion of Hume’s criteria for the use of the term ‘cause’. The main points are:

Causal expressions belong to our most basic vocabulary, learnt at an early age.

Many causal expressions from ordinary language are used in scientific texts without being explicitly defined.

It is not possible to define ‘cause’ and ‘effect’ in any more primitive vocabulary.

What we can do is to describe some necessary conditions for the correct use of ‘cause’ and ‘effect’.
Causation, Counterfactual Dependence and Potential Outcomes
Authors: Johansson Lars-Göran , Banitz Thomas , Grimm Volker , Hertz Tilman , Lindkvist Emilie , Martínez Peña Rodrigo , Radosavljevic Sonja , Ylikoski Petri , Schlüter Maja 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhen talking about causes we often think of an imagined contrast to the real sequence of events: we use a counterfactual, asking what would have happened if the cause had not occurred. But one might be doubtful about the explanatory force of this analysis. The basic problem is that the truth or falsity of a counterfactual statement cannot be determined by empirical means. In some cases, notably in physics, we can apply a strict law when justifying claims about alternative scenarios. In most cases, however, we have at best regularities and in such cases it is difficult to have any confidence in the corresponding counterfactual. An account of causation in terms of the more restricted concept of potential outcomes is much more useful. It is closer to empirical practice and is more reliable. The main points are:

It is common to explain the meaning of A caused B’ as ‘If A had not occurred, then B would not have occurred.’

This is no step forward, since we do not in general know whether the counterfactual is true.

Rubin’s more restricted notion of potential outcome is to be preferred, since it can be applied to empirical research.
Causal Relations and Causal Relata in Science
Authors: Johansson Lars-Göran , Banitz Thomas , Grimm Volker , Hertz Tilman , Lindkvist Emilie , Martínez Peña Rodrigo , Radosavljevic Sonja , Ylikoski Petri , Schlüter Maja 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThere is no such class of things as causes. The terms ‘cause’ and ‘effect’ are relational terms, in other words, our concern is the causal relation ‘x causes y’. This relation is applied to pairs of singular events and states of affairs, to pairs of types of events/and states of affairs and to pairs of variables. In science we are mostly interested in generalities, so the focus is usually how to infer causal relations between types of events/states of affairs and between variables.The main points in this chapter are:

Both singular and general events/states of affairs can be related as cause and effect.

Expressions for laws, equations, correlations and conditional probabilities do not by themselves state any causal relations. A causal interpretation of these requires information not contained in that law, equation, correlation or probability statement.

Without background information it is impossible to infer a causal relation about a singular case, no matter whether the data are quantitative or qualitative.

Most events have many causes, and such situations can be analysed in terms of INUS-conditions.
N3LO soft-gluon corrections in single-particle-inclusive kinematics and H+H− production
Authors: Kidonakis Nikolaos , Tonero Alberto 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We calculate the complete soft-gluon corrections for the production of colorless final states through N3LO in single-particle-inclusive kinematics. We present explicit analytical results and use them to study higher-order QCD corrections for the production of a heavy charged Higgs pair (H+H−) via quark-antiquark annihilation in the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model at LHC energies. We calculate the NNLO soft-gluon and virtual QCD corrections as well as the N3LO soft-gluon corrections to the total cross section and the charged-Higgs rapidity distribution. This is the first calculation of complete N3LO soft-gluon corrections for a process in single-particle-inclusive kinematics, and the results can be applied to other processes with colorless final states.
Baryonic vortex phase and magnetic field generation in QCD with isospin and baryon chemical potentials
Authors: Qiu Zebin , Nitta Muneto 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
We propose a novel baryonic vortex phase in low energy dense QCD with finite baryon and isospin chemical potentials. It is known that the homogeneous charged pion condensate emerges as a ground state at finite isospin chemical potential, and therein arises the Abrikosov vortex lattice with an applied magnetic field. We first demonstrate that a vortex with the same quantized magnetic flux as the conventional Abrikosov vortex, carries a baryon number captured by the third homotopy group of Skyrmions, once we take into account a modulation of the neutral pion inside the vortex core. Such a vortex-Skyrmion state is therefore dubbed the baryonic vortex. We further reveal that when the baryon chemical potential is above a critical value, the baryonic vortex has negative tension measured from the charged pion condensation. It implies that the phase, in which such vortices emerge spontaneously without an external magnetic field, would take over the ground state at high baryon density. Such a new phase contributes to the comprehension of QCD phase diagram and relates to the generation of magnetic fields inside neutron stars.
Worldline approach for spinor fields in manifolds with boundaries
Authors: Manzo Lucas 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The worldline formalism is a useful scheme in Quantum Field Theory which has also become a powerful tool for numerical computations. It is based on the first quantisation of a point-particle whose transition amplitudes correspond to the heat-kernel of the operator of quantum fluctuations of the field theory. However, to study a quantum field theory in a bounded manifold one needs to restrict the path integration domain of the point-particle to a specific subset of worldlines enclosed by those boundaries. In the present article it is shown how to implement this restriction for the case of a spinor field in a two-dimensional curved half-plane under MIT bag boundary conditions, and compute the first few heat-kernel coefficients as a verification of the proposed construction. This construction admits several generalisations.
Well-posedness of a bulk-surface convective Cahn–Hilliard system with dynamic boundary conditions
Authors: Knopf Patrik , Stange Jonas 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWe consider a general class of bulk-surface convective Cahn–Hilliard systems with dynamic boundary conditions. In contrast to classical Neumann boundary conditions, the dynamic boundary conditions of Cahn–Hilliard type allow for dynamic changes of the contact angle between the diffuse interface and the boundary, a convection-induced motion of the contact line as well as absorption of material by the boundary. The coupling conditions for bulk and surface quantities involve parameters$$K,L\in [0,\infty ]$$K,L∈[0,∞], whose choice declares whether these conditions are of Dirichlet, Robin or Neumann type. We first prove the existence of a weak solution to our model in the case$$K,L\in (0,\infty )$$K,L∈(0,∞)by means of a Faedo–Galerkin approach. For all other cases, the existence of a weak solution is then shown by means of the asymptotic limits, whereKandLare sent to zero or to infinity, respectively. Eventually, we establish higher regularity for the phase-fields, and we prove the uniqueness of weak solutions given that the mobility functions are constant.
Perspectives of Challenges in Counseling for Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Woo Joyce L. , Gandhi Rupali , Burton Shelvonne , Sivakumar Adithya , Spiewak Sarah , Wakulski Renee , Grobman William A. , Davis Matthew M. , Patel Angira , Johnson Joyce T. , Samples Stefani , Yee Lynn M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractPrior work regarding counseling patients about congenital heart defects (CHD) has focused on their perceptions about accurate communication of cardiac anatomy, and the emotional support received from the provider. The objectives of this study were to identify the additional CHD counseling-specific challenges and areas for future intervention, using a practical communication framework. This is a secondary analysis of qualitative data provided by caretakers of infants who received congenital heart surgery from 2019 to 2020 in the Chicagoland area. While the survey in the primary study pertained to barriers in obtaining prenatal diagnosis, respondents with both prenatal and postnatal diagnosis reported challenges to effective counseling. Qualitative data measuring counseling challenges were collected from semi-structured phone interviews. Thematic analysis was performed using an inductive approach. Themes were organized into five domains using SPIKES (Setting, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge, Empathy, and Summarize/Strategy), a previously validated framework to help clinicians effectively break bad news. Among 160 survey respondents, 35 (21.9%) reported a challenge during CHD counseling that they received. In total, 12 challenges were identified and spanned all six SPIKES domains. The three most common challenges were as follows: perception of repeated imaging studies for accurate diagnosis or management (n = 19, Knowledge), the lack of cardiologist presence at the time of initial CHD detection (n = 8, Setting), and insufficient information provided about the CHD diagnosis (n = 7, Knowledge). Patients perceive counseling as a key component of prenatal diagnosis of CHD and identify the challenges that exist at all stages of the counseling process. These findings suggest that effective counseling extends beyond conveying information about anatomy and prognosis.
Impact of Subspecialty Pediatric Palliative Care on Children with Heart Disease; A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ting James , Songer Kathryn , Bailey Valerie , Rotman Chloe , Lipsitz Stuart , Rosenberg Abby R. , Delgado-Corcoran Claudia , Moynihan Katie M. 
Published: June 2024

AbstractWhile many experts in pediatric cardiology have emphasized the importance of palliative care involvement, very few studies have assessed the influence of specialty pediatric palliative care (SPPC) involvement for children with heart disease. We conducted a systematic review using keywords related to palliative care, quality of life and care-satisfaction, and heart disease. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL and Web of Science in December 2023. Screening, data extraction and methodology followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. Pairs of trained reviewers independently evaluated each article. All full texts excluded from the review were hand-screened for eligible references including systematic reviews in general pediatric populations. Two reviewers independently extracted: (1) study design; (2) methodology; (2) setting; (3) population; (4) intervention/exposure and control definition; (5) outcome measures; and (6) results. Of 4059 studies screened, 9 met inclusion criteria including two with overlapping patient data. Study designs were heterogenous, including only one randomized control and two historical control trials with SPPC as a prospective intervention. Overall, there was moderate to high risk of bias. Seven were single centers studies. In combined estimates, patients who received SPPC were more likely to have advance care planning documented (RR 2.7, [95%CI 1.6, 4.7], p < 0.001) and resuscitation limits (RR 4.0, [2.0, 8.1], p < 0.001), while half as likely to have active resuscitation at end-of-life ([0.3, 0.9], p = 0.032). For parental stress, receipt of SPPC improved scores by almost half a standard deviation (RR 0.48, 95%CI 0.10, 0.86) more than controls. Ultimately, we identified a paucity of high-quality data studying the influence of SPPC; however, findings correlate with literature in other pediatric populations. Findings suggest benefits of SPPC integration for patients with heart disease and their families.
Holocene vegetation and flora dynamics of the west Cork/Kerry region, south-western Ireland
Authors: O’Connell Michael , Overland Anette 
Published: June 2024

AbstractSediments from a small lake, Loch Beag, in Barrees, Beara peninsula, south-western Ireland, provide a record of vegetation history that spans most of the Lateglacial and Holocene (14–0.43 ka). The detailed part of the record relates to the Holocene, which is the focus of this paper. The investigations carried out include pollen and macrofossil analyses, loss-on-ignition measurements and 14C dating. As well as providing records for tree and shrub taxa, and especially Pinus, Quercus, Ulmus, Fraxinus and Taxus, other taxa mainly with Atlantic and/or Lusitanian distributions are also considered. These include Arbutus unedo (strawberry tree) and fern species such as Osmunda regalis, and the filmy ferns Hymenophyllum tunbrigense, H. wilsonii and Trichomanes speciosum (Killarney fern). Detailed records for a suite of bog/heath taxa, including ericoid species (Erica tetralix and E. cinerea), Narthecium ossifragum, Hypericum elodes and Myrica gale, are presented. The results of 14C dating of bog-pines from western Ireland are summarised. Results of other investigations, including key Holocene pollen diagrams, and charcoal and fossil-wood records from archaeological excavations that relate mainly to the Bronze Age in the wider west Cork/Kerry region, are reviewed. Vegetation dynamics, human impact and plant biogeography are discussed in the light of the considerable data now available for the region.
Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis: a myriad of factors that influence phenotypic variability
Authors: Carvalho Estefânia , Dias Andreia , Coelho Teresa , Sousa Alda , Alves-Ferreira Miguel , Santos Mariana , Lemos Carolina 
Published: June 2024

AbstractHereditary transthyretin-related amyloidosis (ATTRv amyloidosis) is a rare and progressively debilitating disease characterized by the deposition of transthyretin (TTR) amyloid fibrils in various organs and tissues, most commonly in the heart and peripheral nerves. This pathological deposition can lead to significant organ dysfunction and, ultimately, organ failure. ATTRv amyloidosis exhibits a broad range of clinical presentations, from purely neurological symptoms to purely cardiac manifestations, as well as mixed phenotypes which result from both neurological and cardiac implications. This wide phenotypical spectrum realistically challenges disease diagnosis and prognosis, especially in individuals without or with an unknown family history. Multiple factors are thought to contribute to this variability, including genetic, epigenetic, and even environmental influences. Understanding these factors is crucial, as they can significantly affect disease expression and progression. This review aims to summarize each of these contributing factors, to help elucidate the current knowledge on the phenotypical variability of ATTRv amyloidosis.
MEX3A promotes colorectal cancer migration, invasion and EMT via regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Xu Jiannan , Chen Songyao , Hao Tengfei , Liu Guangyao , Zhang Kai , Zhang Changhua , He Yulong 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Background
Mex-3 RNA binding family members are well-established to be important in cancer development and progression. However, the functions of Mex-3 RNA binding family member A (MEX3A) in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis remain poorly understood. In this study, we aim to reveal the function and the mechanism of MEX3A in promoting CRC metastasis.

Methods
We used multiple databases including TCGA database, UALCAN, LinkedOmics, CancerSEA, GeneMANIA and STRING database to investigate the expression, the functions and underlying molecular mechanism of MEX3A in CRC. Multiple experimental methods were adapted to determine the study, including real-time PCR (qPCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blot (WB), transfection, transwell migration and invasion assays, immunofluorescence (IF).

Results
We found that MEX3A was significantly upregulated and correlated to tumor stage and lymph nodal metastasis in CRC through bioinformatics analysis and tissue immunohistochemistry (IHC). The higher expression of MEX3A in CRC correlated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). In vitro studies showed that knockdown of MEX3A suppressed EMT transition, invasion and metastasis of CRC cells. Mechanistically, we revealed that MEX3A promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion and metastasis of CRC cells by upregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Conclusion
In conclusion, our study reveals that MEX3A promotes CRC migration, invasion and EMT via regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and could be a novel therapeutic target for this patient population.
Identification of a novel MEF2C::SS18L1 fusion in childhood acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Chen Chuqin , Wang Jiali , Kang Meiyun , Wu Peng , Zhu Liwen , Fang Yongjun , Xue Yao 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Leukemia-associated fusion genes are closely related to the occurrence, development, diagnosis, and treatment of leukemia. DNA microarrays and second-generation sequencing have discovered multiple B-ALL fusion genes. We identified a novel MEF2C::SS18L1 fusion gene in a child diagnosed with B-ALL. This study investigates the oncogenicity and prognosis of this fusion gene in B-ALL.

Methods
A child with B-ALL who has a MEF2C::SS18L1 fusion is reported as a newly discovered case. Compared the breakpoints, structural domains, clinical phenotypes, and differential expression genes of MEF2C::SS18L1 and MEF2D::SS18.Using “ONCOFUSE” software, the carcinogenicity of MEF2C::SS18L1 is predicted. Using whole transcriptome sequencing, we analyze the breakpoints and the secondary structure of the fusion protein. Further, we compared the structures, differentially expressed genes, and clinical phenotypes of MEF2D and MEF2C fusion genes by DESeq, GO functional enrichment, and flow cytometry immunophenotyping analysis.

Results
Whole transcriptome sequencing identified a MEF2C::SS18L1 fusion transcript in a 3-year-old child with B-ALL. The MADS box, MEF structural domain, HJURP_C structural domain, and TAD I structural domain of MEF2C, and the QPGY structural domain of SS18L1, make up the fusion protein. “Oncofuse” found a 0.99 Bayesian probability that the fusion gene drives cancer. The breakpoint positions, fusion protein secondary structures, differentially expressed genes, and clinical characteristics of this patient were identical to those with MEF2D::SS18 fusion gene.

Conclusion
We identified a novel MEF2C::SS18L1 fusion gene in childhood ALL, which shares similar structural and clinical characteristics with MEF2D::SS18. Further studies with more samples should be conducted in future.
Comparison of leak fraction between the laryngeal mask airway and endotracheal tube during anesthesia: a single-center retrospective study
Authors: Azuma Seiichi , Asamoto Masaaki , Akabane Shinichi , Ezaka Mariko , Otsuji Mikiya , Uchida Kanji 
Published: June 2024

AbstractThe use of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA), which offers the benefits of ease in insertion and prevention of tracheal damage, is associated with a risk of flow leakage. This study analyzed our extensive database to compare leakage associated with the use of LMA and endotracheal tube (ETT). Adult patients who underwent chest wall, abdominal wall, inguinal region, limb, transurethral, or transvaginal surgery and received either LMA or ETT between January 2007 and March 2020 were included. The leak fraction was calculated as (inspiratory tidal volume−expiratory tidal volume)/(inspiratory tidal volume) × 100% every minute during intraoperative stable positive pressure ventilation. The median leak fraction was calculated for each case. The leak fraction in the LMA group demonstrated a left-skewed distribution with a larger proportion of excessive leak fraction. The leak fraction in the LMA group (median, 7.9%; interquartile range, 4.8–11.4%) was significantly lower than that in the ETT group (median, 9.1%; interquartile range: 5.5–12.4%; P < 0.001). This tendency was consistent across subgroups divided by sex, age, type of surgery, and ventilation mode. We propose that LMA provides leakage comparable to or less than ETT in most cases if stable positive pressure ventilation is achieved.