bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
XPCS at elevated pressure and cryogenic temperatures: Multicomponent dynamics in amorphous ice
Authors: Amann-Winkel Katrin , Karina Aigerim , Li Hailong , Eklund Tobias , Ladd-Parada Marjorie , Massani Bernhard , Filianina Mariia , Kondedan Neha , Rydh Andreas , Holl Klara , Trevorah Ryan , Huotari Simo , Bauer Robert , Goy Claudia , Striker Nele , Dallari Francesco , Westermeier Fabian , Sprung Michael , Lehmkühler Felix 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Knowing the pressure dependence of glass forming liquids is important in various contexts. Here, we study the case of supercooled water, which has at least two different amorphous states with different densities. The pressure dependencies of the two glass transitions are predicted to show opposite behaviour, crossing in the P-T plane at elevated pressure. While the experimental identification of the glass transition at elevated pressure and cold temperatures is technically difficult, measurements on bulk water and amorphous ices are even more challenging, as the glass transition is interrupted by crystallization. We show the feasibility of performing X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) experiments at elevated pressure using a diamond anvil cell (DAC) at cryogenic temperatures. We observe two dynamic components when approaching the glass transition temperature. For high-density amorphous ice at a pressure of around 0.08 GPa we determine the glass transition to be at higher temperatures compared to ambient conditions.
Social protection for homeless individuals with tuberculosis from the perspective of Brazil's street clinic teams
Authors: Pavinati Gabriel , de Lima Lucas Vinícius , Hino Paula , Fernandes Hugo , Marcon Sonia Silva , Magnabosco Gabriela Tavares 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
The homeless population in Brazil faces significant challenges in accessing healthcare services, especially concerning tuberculosis. High rates of loss to follow-up and unsatisfactory outcomes in disease control indicators underscore the urgent need to improve healthcare for this vulnerable group through adapted social protection strategies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand how these strategies are perceived and utilized by professionals, considering the specific challenges faced by this vulnerable population.
Method
Online qualitative research was conducted with twenty-four healthcare professionals from eleven Brazilian states. The study utilized the theoretical and analytical framework of social determinants of health and employed content analysis supported by lexical diagnostics to examine participants' perceptions of social protection strategies in tuberculosis treatment among homeless individuals.
Results
Participants highlighted the critical importance of social protection strategies in improving treatment adherence and achieving tuberculosis cure, despite the obstacles faced. Fragmentation of healthcare services and social disparities in the daily lives of the homeless population emerged as significant barriers to accessing and effectively utilizing available social protection measures.
Conclusion
Informants emphasized the urgent need for more comprehensive public policies that not only aim to eliminate tuberculosis but also promote social reintegration of homeless individuals, ensuring their full access to fundamental rights. It was concluded that a holistic approach with greater equity, considering clinical, contextual, and structural aspects, is essential for effectively managing the health of this vulnerable population.
Giant Pit Craters in Scotia Sea, off Antarctica: A Modern Analog for Seafloor Gas Ejection from Intrusive Magma Hydrothermal Vent Complexes
Authors: Somoza Luis , Andreassen Karin Marie , Plaza-Faverola Andreia , Medialdea Teresa , Gafeira Joana , González Francisco Javier , Dickens Gerald 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Massive injection of 13C depleted carbon to the ocean and atmosphere coincided with major environmental upheaval multiple times in the geological record. For several events, the source of carbon has been attributed to explosive venting of thermogenic gas produced when volcanic sills intrude organic-rich sediment. The concept mostly derives from studies of sedimentary basins with ancient hydrothermal vent complexes (HTVCs), because good examples younger than the Early Eocene were not known. We present geophysical data documenting at least 150 large (km-scale) craters on the modern seafloor across ~148,000 km2 of Scan Basin in the southern Scotia Sea, offshore Antarctica. Seismic and bathymetric information further reveals the craters relate to saucer-shaped igneous sills and vertical fluid pipes. Magmatic intrusions produce thermogenic gas, where buoyant hydrothermal fluids migrate upwards from sill flanks through V-shaped gas chimneys. Dome-shaped gas reservoirs develop, deforming overlying sediment and forming forced-folds. Fluid expulsions, driven by excess pore pressure, generate vertical conduits that cause blow-out collapses on the seafloor. Age estimates for crater formation come from correlations of seismic reflectors with bore hole data from recently drilled IODP Expedition 382. Based on this, we suggest a minimum age of 900 ka (Early Pleistocene) for the onset of magma intrusion and first formation of V-shaped craters on the flanks of sills. Subsequent crater reactivations have occurred since, perhaps episodically. Importantly, numerous craters related to sills and gas chimneys populate the seafloor above a sedimentary basin but this does not necessitate rapid and massive release of gas. A crucially important result is that this modern oceanic HTVCs system showing giant craters as present-day seafloor expression needs consideration when interpreting ancient HTVCs and gas expulsion from the seafloor.
Global Trends and Disease Burden of Falls from 1990 to 2021: A Comprehensive Analysis across Regions and Countries
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiong , Jiang Yongpo , Zhang Wenyuan , Zhao Weili , Xu Yinghe , Wang Nan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Falls are a common health issue and a major source of physical injuries, imposing significant burdens on individuals, families, and societies. This study aims to analyze the trends and associated disease burden of falls globally, across 21 regions, and in 204 countries from 1990 to 2021.
Methods
Utilizing the standardized Global Burden of Disease (GBD) methodology, we employed epidemiological data on the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of falls to represent the health burden caused by falls. We further stratified the data by different regions, countries, ages, and genders for detailed analysis.
Results
As of 2021, the age-standardized incidence (ASIR), mortality rate(ASMR), and disability-adjusted life years rate(ASDR) of falls globally showed a declining trend. The ASIR, ASMR and ASDR of falls increased with age. The incident cases, death cases, and DALYs of falls were higher in males than females in the 55–59, 76–79, and 66–69 age groups, but this trend reversed in older age groups. The ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR of falls globally show an overall declining trend. The trends of ASIR for falls in different Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) regions vary across periods, with a slight increase in ASIR in middle SDI regions. Additionally, the ASIR in high SDI regions is consistently the highest across periods, while the ASMR is higher in low SDI regions, and the ASDR is highest in low middle SDI regions. The ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR of falls in males globally are higher than those in females. From 1990 to 2021, the ASIR of falls shows a positive correlation with SDI overall, while the ASMR and ASDR show a negative correlation with SDI overall.
Conclusion
The study results indicate an improvement in the global burden of falls in 2021 compared to 1990. Various burden-related indicators such as ASIR, ASMR, and ASDR showed a decreasing trend. However, this decline was uneven across different regions and countries, with higher ASIR in high SDI regions and higher ASMR in low SDI regions. The incidence of falls is higher in the elderly, with higher incidence rates in elderly females compared to males. Future fall prevention efforts should focus on the incidence rates in high SDI regions and death rates in low SDI regions, especially among the elderly.
Sample thickness and edge proximity influence spatial behavior of filaments and treatment uniformity of RF cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet
Authors: Polášková Kateřina , Nečas David , Dostál Lukáš , Klíma Miloš , Zajíčková Lenka 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The ability of atmospheric pressure plasma jets to treat complex non-planar surfaces is often cited as their advantage over other atmospheric plasmas. However, the effect of complex surfaces on plasma parameters and treatment efficiency has seldom been studied. Herein, we investigate the interaction of the atmospheric pressure plasma slit jet (PSJ) with block polypropylene samples of different thicknesses (5 and 30 mm) moving at two different speeds. Even though the distance between the slit outlet and the sample surface was kept constant, the treatment efficiency of PSJ ignited in the Ar and Ar/O2 gas feeds varied with the sample thickness due to the plasma parameters such as filament count and speed being affected by the different distances of the ground (the closer the ground is, the higher the discharge electric field). On the other hand, the Ar/N2 PSJ diffuse plasma plumes were less affected by the changes in the electric field, and the treatment efficiency was the same for both sample thicknesses. Additionally, we observed a difference in the efficiency and uniformity of the PSJ treatment of the edges and the central areas in some working conditions. The treatment efficiency near the edges depended on the duration of the filament contact, i.e., how long the local electric field trapped the filaments. Conversely, the treatment uniformity near the edges and in the central areas was different if the number of filaments changed rapidly as the discharge moved on and off the sample (the 5 mm samples treated by easily sustained Ar PSJ).
QoALa: a comprehensive workflow for viral quasispecies diversity comparison using long-read sequencing data
Authors: Pamornchainavakul Nakarin , Schroeder Declan , VanderWaal Kimberly 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The concept of viral quasispecies refers to a constantly mutating viral population occurring within hosts, which is essential for grasping the micro-evolutionary patterns of viruses. Despite its high error rate, long-read sequencing holds potential for advancing viral quasispecies research by resolving coverage limitations in next-generation sequencing. We introduce a refined workflow, QoALa, implemented in the longreadvqs R package. This workflow begins with nucleotide position-wise noise minimization of read alignments and sample size standardization, and extends to viral quasispecies comparison across related samples. Raw read samples from five studies of different viruses (HCV, HBV, HIV, SARS-CoV-2, and IAV), sequenced by major long-read platforms, were used to evaluate these approaches. The comparative results provide novel insights into intra- and inter-host diversity dynamics in various scenarios and unveil rare haplotypes not reported in the original study, underscoring the versatility and practicality of our methodology.
Nanostructured Zinc Carbonate Hydroxide Microflakes: Assessing the Toxicity Against Erythrocytes and L929 Cells in Vitro
Authors: Prokopiuk Volodymyr , Onishchenko Anatolii , Pazura Yuliia , Bespalova Iryna , Kökbaş Umut , Tryfonyuk Liliya , Mateychenko Pavlo , Kot Kateryna , Kurmangaliyeva Saulesh , Kot Yurii , Yefimova Svitlana , Tkachenko Anton 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction.
Nanostructured materials have been suggested to be used as a source of dietary zinc for livestock animals. In this study, we assessed the cytotoxicity of newly synthesized nanostructured zinc carbonate hydroxide (ZnCH) Zn5(CO3)(OH)6 microflakes.
Materials and methods.
Cytotoxicity of the microflakes was assessed against murine L929 cell line and rat mature erythrocytes. MTT and neutral red uptake assays, scratch assay, Annexin V-FITC/7-aminoactinomycin D staining, 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) staining, Fura 2-AM staining, staining for reactive nitrogen species (RNS), detection of caspases, and lipid order-sensitive NR12S probe staining were employed to evaluate cell viability, motility, cell death pathways, implication of Ca2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and RNS signaling, caspases, and alterations of cell membranes following exposure to the microflakes, respectively. To assess hemocompatibility of the Zn-containing microflakes, osmotic fragility assay and hemolysis assay were performed, as well as multiple eryptosis parameters were evaluated.
Results.
Our findings indicate a dose-response cytotoxicity of ZnCH microflakes against L929 cells with no toxicity observed for low concentrations (10 mg/L and below). At high concentrations, ZnCH microflakes promoted oxidative stress, Ca2+- and caspase-dependent apoptosis and altered lipid membranes. Surprisingly, toxicity to enucleated mature erythrocytes was found to be lower compared to L929 cells. ZnCH microflakes induced eryptosis associated with oxidative stress, Ca2+ signaling and recruitment of caspases. Eryptosis assays were found to be more sensitive than evaluation of hemolysis.
Conclusions.
Zn5(CO3)(OH)6 microflakes show no cytotoxicity at low concentrations indicating their potential as a source of zinc for livestock animals.
Take the care to the patient: Co-designed principles for establishment of a virtual hospital
Authors: Fisher Olivia J. , Moshi Belinda , McGrath Kelly , Barron Andrew , Kanagarajah Shanthi , Smith Ian , Smith Sue-Ellen , Martin Elizabeth , Cockshaw Wendell , Grogan Caroline 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

We aimed to inform design and implementation of a new Australian private virtual hospital by establishing co-designed principles and themes to inform a ten-year vision. This qualitative pre-implementation co-design study used an implementation science approach informed by the PERCS framework. Three workshops were held, one face-to-face in Brisbane, Australia, and two online. In each workshop, results of a prior barriers/enablers/considerations study were presented and critiqued by participants, followed by activities in focus groups. Thirty-six stakeholders from metropolitan, regional and rural areas participated including consumers, carers, health and aged care leadership, nurses, allied health providers, general practitioners, researchers, and public health stakeholders. There was strong enthusiasm, with some reservations such as clinical safety concerns. Four strong themes emerged: 1) Take the care to the patient; 2) Virtual is the mechanism, the care is real; 3) Be ambitious, but build a strong foundation; 4) Build the right workforce. These themes were repeated across all workshops, indicating good reliability of results. The strongest overall messages were the need for authentically patient-centred care and safety. Participants agreed that “safety first” underpinned all principles. Using an implementation science-informed, pre-implementation co-design approach led to stakeholder enthusiasm and findings which will inform implementation of the virtual hospital.
Case Report: a Novel Reconstruction Method (Itihaas’s Anastomosis) for Proximal Gastrectomy
Authors: Kumar Sah Birendra , Zhenjia Yu , Chen Li , Zhenggang Zhu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

This study introduces a novel reconstruction method (Itihaas’s Anastomosis) for the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract following proximal gastrectomy, designed to mitigate the severity of acid reflux syndrome, a frequent postoperative complication. The procedure comprises three side-to-side anastomoses: esophago-gastrostomy, gastro-jejunostomy, and jejuno-jejunostomy. The esophago-gastrostomy anastomosis aims to prevent direct reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus by creating a fundus-like structure, which also facilitates future endoscopic procedures. The gastro-jejunostomy reduces acid reflux by diverting gastric acid to the jejunum for further neutralization, while the jejuno-jejunostomy prevents bile and pancreatic juice reflux into the stomach.
A 75-year-old male with adenocarcinoma of the upper stomach underwent this surgical procedure. Postoperative outcomes showed no major complications, with smooth oral contrast passage and no evidence of anastomotic leaks. The patient was discharged after resuming semi-solid food and experienced no signs of reflux. Itihaas’s Anastomosis appears promising in reducing acid reflux and improving postoperative quality of life for patients undergoing proximal gastrectomy, balancing natural anatomical and physiological preservation with reflux reduction, potentially offering a better alternative to other conventional anastomoses. Further studies are needed to validate these findings and compare long-term outcomes with existing techniques.
Insulin Resistance and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy – a Tertiary Care Hospital Based Study
Authors: Nigam Prashant , Gupta Aradhana , Singh Himanshi , Sahu Piyu , Minj Pragya Shalini , Jain Swarna , Paul Srikrishna 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background- Pregnancy triggers numerous changes in metabolism, biochemistry, physiology, hematology, and immunity. Healthy pregnant women may develop resistance to insulin's effects on glucose absorption and utilization. The TG/HDL has been advocated as a simple clinical indicator of insulin resistance. The relationship between lipid profiles, insulin resistance and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains controversial.
Aim- This research seeks to investigate the relationship between the ratio of Triglyceride (TG) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as a marker for Insulin resistance and the association of IR and GDM in pregnancy.
Materials and methods- The study included 1040 pregnant mothers selected randomly attending for routine antenatal checkup. The study participants were in the age group of 18-40 years. OGTT is performed in pregnant women by measuring the plasma glucose after 2 hours of fasting or non-fasting after ingesting 75 grams of glucose. A single value of ≥140 mg/dl is diagnostic for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus according to Technical and operational guidelines of diagnosis and management of GDM by MOHFW, Govt of India. Lipid parameters and IR was also looked for.
Results- OGTT, IR, TC, TG, VLDL was found to be significantly elevated among GDM mothers. GDM and IR was found to increase as maternal age increases. OGTT has been found to be significantly positively correlated to IR. Also TC was found to be significantly correlated to LDL.
Conclusion- A positive correlation between total cholesterol, and insulin resistance shows that as cholesterol levels rise, insulin resistance also increases, elevating the risk of GDM. These correlations are crucial for understanding the metabolic health implications in pregnant women. It is concluded that due to alterations in lipid parameters, insulin resistance in pregnant women increases which causes a significant impact on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
Study of the Microbiological Parameters of Irradiated Samples at Hovsan Coastal Area of the Caspian SEA
Authors: Mammadova Nermin , Gurbanov Muslum , Guliyeva Ulviye 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Biological organisms can threaten water quality and cause waterborne diseases. Because testing for each pathogenic organism is very expensive and time consuming, coliform bacteria and E. coli from environmental and animal sources serve as good pathogen indicator organisms. This study focused on the evaluation of water quality in microbiologically purified waste from the tap and Hovsan coastal areas of the Caspian Sea via gamma-ray monitoring. Radiation technology allows for the possibility of combined water purification, including chemical and biological treatment; therefore, this technology is more suitable for water disposal. Before irradiation, the concentrations of total microbes (at 22°C and 37°C), E. coli, heterotrophic bacteria and total coliform bacteria were monitored. The samples were then irradiated with different doses of gamma radiation. In this context, the application of gamma radiation for the microbiological treatment of wastewater, domestic tap water and water from the Hovsan coastal area of the Caspian Sea, which can be applied to minimize the effect on the human body, was investigated.
Spatiotemporal patterns of power outages co-occurring with individual and multiple severe weather events in the United States, 2018-2020
Authors: Do Vivian , Wilner Lauren B. , Flores Nina M. , McBrien Heather , Northrop Alexander J. , Casey Joan A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

In the United States, severe weather events increasingly drive power outages, likely with health consequences. Studies typically examined individual severe weather events (e.g., heatwaves), focused on large power outages, and considered small geographic areas (e.g., a city). Here, we described the geographic and temporal patterns of all 8+ hour outages co-occurring with individual (e.g., cyclone alone) and multiple simultaneous severe weather events (e.g., cyclone + anomalous heat) nationally. We used hourly county-level PowerOutage.us data from 2018–2020 to define 8+ hour outages as whenever the proportion of customers without power was ≥0.1% for ≥8 continuous hours. We identified county-level daily severe weather events, including anomalous cold, anomalous heat, tropical cyclones, anomalous precipitation, wildfire, and snowfall. Of 1,657 counties with reliable power outage data, 1,229 (74.2%) experienced an 8+ hour power outage co-occurring with an individual severe weather event, and 880 (53.1%) faced co-occurrence with multiple simultaneous severe weather events. Outages co-occurring with anomalous precipitation events were the most common, affecting 1,158 (69.9%) counties, and concentrated along the Gulf Coast, Northeast, Michigan, and counties with data in Southern California. Co-occurrence with anomalous heat occurred the second most frequently, affecting 742 (44.8%) counties, mostly in Southeastern states. Cyclones – though rarer – affected the Eastern Seaboard and co-occurred with an 8+ hour power 24% of the time. On the West Coast, outages co-occurring with wildfires became increasingly common. Among multiple simultaneous weather events, 8+ hour power outages co-occurred with simultaneous anomalous precipitation-anomalous heat on 1,003 county-days in 39 states, anomalous precipitation-cyclone on 695 county-days in 24 states, and anomalous cold-snowfall on 252 county-days in 27 states. Understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of co-occurring weather-outages can guide efforts to strengthen and weatherize the electricity grid, prepare communities for multi-hazard events, and allocate resources for resilience and recovery.