bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropeptide Y is a critical modulator of Leptin's regulation of cortical bone
Authors: Wong Iris PL , Nguyen Amy D , Khor Ee Cheng , Enriquez Ronaldo F , Eisman John A , Sainsbury Amanda , Herzog Herbert , Baldock Paul A 
Published: October 2012

Abstract
Leptin signaling is required for normal bone homeostasis; however, loss of leptin results in differing effects on cortical and cancellous bone, as well as altered responses between the axial and appendicular regions. Local β-adrenergic actions are responsible for the greater cancellous bone volume in leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice; however, the mechanism responsible for the opposing reduction in cortical bone in ob/ob mice is not known. Here we show that blocking the leptin-deficient increase in neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression reverses the cortical bone loss in ob/ob mice. Mice null for both NPY and leptin (NPY–/–ob/ob), display greater cortical bone mass in both long-bones and vertebra, with NPY–/–ob/ob mice exhibiting thicker and denser cortical bone, associated with greater endocortical and periosteal mineral apposition rate (MAR), compared to ob/ob animals. Importantly, these cortical changes occurred without significant increases in body weight, with NPY–/–ob/ob mice showing significantly reduced adiposity compared to ob/ob controls, most likely due to the reduced respiratory exchange ratio seen in these animals. Interestingly, cancellous bone volume was not different between NPY–/–ob/ob and ob/ob, suggesting that NPY is not influencing the adrenergic axis. Taken together, this work demonstrates the critical role of NPY signaling in the regulation of bone and energy homeostasis, and more importantly, suggests that reduced leptin levels or leptin resistance, which occurs in obesity, could potentially inhibit cortical bone formation via increased central NPY signaling. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Knowing Where They're Going: Destination‐Specific Pregaming Behaviors in a Multiethnic Sample of College Students
Authors: Zamboanga Byron L. , Casner Hilary G. , Olthuis Janine V. , Borsari Brian , Ham Lindsay S. , Schwartz Seth J. , Bersamin Melina , Van Tyne Kathryne , Pedersen Eric R. 
Published: October 2012

ObjectivesTo examine how legal age status, gender, and self‐reported reasons for pregaming are linked to pregaming for two common drinking contexts: a bar and a Greek party.MethodParticipants who reported pregaming at least once a month (n = 2888 students aged 18‐25 years) were recruited from 30 colleges/universities across the United States.ResultsMany students pregame for social reasons regardless of pregaming destination. Multivariate analyses indicated that legal age students were more likely than underage students to pregame before going to a bar, whereas the opposite was true with respect to pregaming for a Greek party. Women were more likely than men to pregame before going to a bar or a Greek party, whereas men reported higher levels of consumption while pregaming for these destinations compared with women.ConclusionsThe present findings suggest areas for targeted intervention efforts and promising avenues for research on context‐specific pregaming behaviors among college students.
REPAY AS YOU EARN: LOAN REPAYMENT FREQUENCY, CASH FLOWS, AND SAVINGS OF HOUSEHOLDS
Authors: Ravi Shamika 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper analyses household cash management and provides evidence that a household's access to credit is directly improved by its savings. Households that are unable to save tie loan repayment to cash flows and repay as soon as money is earned. We find that income frequency increases loan repayment frequency by 32%, but this effect reduces significantly on controlling for savings. Results also show that households on average pay 3.6% higher interest on loans with repayment schedules matching household cash flows. We show this by exploiting unique ‘preferred’ loan repayment data available for each household and by using presence of marriageable‐age girls in household as instrument for savings. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Volume matters: The influence of different botulinum toxin‐A dilutions for sialorrhea in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Evangelos Anagnostou , Michael Rentzos , Theodoros Alexakis , Vasiliki Zouvelou , Thomas Zambelis , Ioannis Evdokimidis 
Published: October 2012

AbstractIntroduction: We aimed to determine the effect of different botulinum toxin‐A (BTX‐A) dilutions on the treatment efficacy and side effects for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) related sialorrhea. Methods: Ten patients were enrolled in the study. BTX‐A dilution for Group A was 100 U in 1 ml of saline, whereas the dilution for Group B was 100 U in 2 ml of saline. Both groups received 20 U of BTX‐A in each parotid gland, and assessments were made by means of the Drooling Impact Scale, items 1 and 3 of the ALS functional rating scale, and visual analog scales for drooling and swallowing function. Results: Although both groups exhibited a similar improvement in drooling, Group B had a mild but significant deterioration in bulbar function that was not evident in Group A. Conclusions: These results suggest that BTX‐A has a safer profile when reconstituted with 1 ml instead of 2 ml of saline. Muscle Nerve, 2013
Newsvendor problems with sequentially revealed demand information
Authors: Song Jing‐Sheng , Zipkin Paul H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article analyzes a capacity/inventory planning problem with a one‐time uncertain demand. There is a long procurement leadtime, but as some partial demand information is revealed, the firm is allowed to cancel some of the original capacity reservation at a certain fee or sell off some inventory at a lower price. The problem can be viewed as a generalization of the classic newsvendor problem and can be found in many applications. One key observation of the analysis is that the dynamic programming formulation of the problem is closely related to a recursion that arises in the study of a far more complex system, a series inventory system with stochastic demand over an infinite horizon. Using this equivalence, we characterize the optimal policy and assess the value of the additional demand information. We also extend the analysis to a richer model of information. Here, demand is driven by an underlying Markov process, representing economic conditions, weather, market competition, and other environmental factors. Interestingly, under this more general model, the connection to the series inventory system is different. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2012
‘They Control My Life’: the Role of Local Recruitment Agencies in East European Migration to the UK
Authors: Sporton Deborah 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the role of local recruitment agencies in facilitating post‐accession east European migration to the UK. Although it is widely acknowledged that transnational labour market intermediaries are contributing to all three stages of labour migration involving the recruitment of workers, their movement across borders and their placement in employment, less attention has focused on the role of local or national agencies that, it is argued, exert considerable leverage on migration flows. Drawing on case study research undertaken with east European migrants in a small underperforming local labour market, the paper explores the ways in which local or lone recruitment agents have become embedded as key institutional actors in transnational networks and examines their role as migration mediators. The expansion of flexible, deregulated labour markets and the coincident growth in temporary agency work have created a regulatory context whereby the ‘management’ of east European migration to the UK through the Worker Registration Scheme actually contributed to the growth in local agency employment by enabling migrants to fulfil their immigration requirements. It is argued that once embedded within migrant networks and ethically segregated labour markets, agencies have played a key role in facilitating further migration from Eastern Europe. The discursive construction of migrants as ‘temporary workers’ coupled with the association of precarious agency employment with ‘migrant work’ has further cemented this relationship. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Migrant–Local Hiring Queues in the UK Food Industry
Authors: Scott Sam 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTThe paper argues that a clear migrant–local hiring queue has emerged at the bottom of the UK labour market since EU enlargement (in 2004 and 2007). The hiring queue reflects a preference amongst low‐wage employers in the UK food industry for newly arrived A8 and A2 migrants and related prejudice towards would‐be domestic workers. Using interview and survey evidence – from 37 horticultural growers/processors and 268 farmers, respectively – we describe what these hiring queues look like. We then explain their emergence: arguing that migrant–local hiring queues are predominantly the result of the ‘added value’ that migrants from the EU periphery bring, over the short term, to the low‐wage workplace.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Second order sliding mode block control of single‐phase induction motors
Authors: Rubio Guillermo J. , Cañedo José M. , Utkin Vadim I. , Loukianov Alexander G. 
Published: October 2012

SUMMARYThe authors propose a robust nonlinear controller based on a block control linearization technique combined with a second order sliding mode super‐twisting algorithm for controlling the rotor speed of single‐phase induction motors. The block control approach is used to design a sliding manifold in terms of the stator current and its desired value. The super‐twisting sliding mode algorithm is applied then to render the designed manifold be attractive. A nonlinear observer is designed to estimate the unmeasured variables (rotor flux linkages and torque load). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LONG PROFILE RESPONSES OF ALPINE BRAIDED RIVERS IN SE FRANCE
Authors: Liébault F. , Lallias‐Tacon S. , Cassel M. , Talaska N. 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTChannel elevation change since the early 20th century was characterized for 31 alpine braided river reaches (total length of 129 km), representing about 20% of the braided river network length in SE France. Present‐day long profiles were surveyed in the field and compared with historical profiles measured between 1894 and 1930. Forty‐four cross sections of active channels including terrace boundaries were also surveyed to study morphological signatures of braided channels characterized by different channel responses (aggradation or degradation). Results show that 56% of the sampling river length is characterized by degradation, 24% by stability and 20% by aggradation. Gravel mining is recognized as the main factor explaining degradation of braided channels. It is also demonstrated that aggrading braided channels are those where sediment supply from active torrents and bank erosion have been best preserved. The comparison of morphological signatures associated with aggrading and degrading channels reveals significant differences in cross‐section morphometry. A normalized bed relief index is proposed as a reliable indicator of the channel response. Field observations show that long‐term aggraded braided channels have a lower bed relief index than degraded channels, as already established by some laboratory experiments. This index can be used to determine the position of the braided channel in the cycle of degradation‐recovery following the cessation of gravel mining. It is also established that aggraded channels develops wider active channels than degraded channels for a same drainage area. This study provides new insights for the assessment of spontaneous recovery potential of braided channels impacted by gravel mining. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymptotics for the number of walks in a Weyl chamber of type B
Authors: Feierl Thomas 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTWe consider lattice walks in confined to the region with fixed (but arbitrary) starting and end points. These walks are assumed to be such that their number can be counted using a reflection principle argument. The main results are asymptotic formulas for the total number of walks of length n with either a fixed or a free end point for a general class of walks as n tends to infinity. As applications, we find the asymptotics for the number of k‐non‐crossing tangled diagrams as well as asymptotics for two k‐vicious walkers models subject to a wall restriction. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 45, 261–305, 2014
Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles Promote Monocyte Adhesion to Human Endothelial Cells: Size‐Dependent Effect
Authors: Napierska Dorota , Quarck Rozenn , Thomassen Leen C. J. , Lison Dominique , Martens Johan A. , Delcroix Marion , Nemery Benoit , Hoet Peter H. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThere is evidence that nanoparticles can induce endothelial dysfunction. Here, the effect of monodisperse amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiO2‐NPs) of different diameters on endothelial cells function is examined. Human endothelial cell line (EA.hy926) or primary human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAEC) are seeded in inserts introduced or not above triple cell co‐cultures (pneumocytes, macrophages, and mast cells). Endothelial cells are incubated with SiO2‐NPs at non‐cytotoxic concentrations for 12 h. A significant increase (up to 2‐fold) in human monocytes adhesion to endothelial cells is observed for 18 and 54 nm particles. Exposure to SiO2‐NPs induces protein expression of adhesion molecules (ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1) as well as significant up‐regulation in mRNA expression of ICAM‐1 in both endothelial cell types. Experiments performed with fluorescent‐labelled monodisperse amorphous SiO2‐NPs of similar size evidence nanoparticle uptake into the cytoplasm of endothelial cells. It is concluded that exposure of human endothelial cells to amorphous silica nanoparticles enhances their adhesive properties. This process is modified by the size of the nanoparticle and the presence of other co‐cultured cells.
A Galvanic Replacement Route to Prepare Strongly Fluorescent and Highly Stable Gold Nanodots for Cellular Imaging
Authors: Wang Chuanxi , Wang Yu , Xu Lin , Shi Xiaodong , Li Xiangwei , Xu Xiaowei , Sun Hongchen , Yang Bai , Lin Quan 
Published: October 2012

AbstractFluorescent gold nanodots (GNDs) are an important kind of nanoprobes. Herein, the application of galvanic replacement for the preparation of fluorescent GNDs is reported. Using presynthesized and size‐controlled Ag nanodots (Ag NDs) as templates, the as‐prepared GNDs have strong fluorescence (quantum yields ∼10%) with high stability and surface bioactivity. The resultant GNDs show excellent photoluminescence properties with high photo‐, time‐, metal‐, and pH‐stability, which are attributed to the protective surface layer of glutathione (GSH) and the presence of Au(I)–S complexes on the surface of the gold core. GSH, a naturally occurring and readily available tripeptide with carboxyl and amino functional groups, allows good dispersion of the as‐prepared GNDs in aqueous solution and favorable biocompatibility. These advantages, combined with their small size, mean that the as‐prepared GNDs have potential application in biological labeling, especially as a DNA probe for the specific detection of nucleic acids. In this study, the CAL‐27 cells are used as a model to evaluate the fluorescence imaging of GNDs.
Dynamics of Journal Impact Factors
Authors: Groesser Stefan N. 
Published: October 2012

For a journal manager, boosting a journal's impact factor is an important objective. The impact factor is a measure of the frequency with which the average article in a journal is cited in a given period. The dynamics of impact factors are caused by the interplay of several concepts, such as seniority of authors and reviewers, journal policies, online availability of journals and quality of contributions. This paper's objective is to discuss three strategies to sustainably improve both a journal's impact factor and its underlying resources. To this end, a journal's assets and resources are captured in a structural simulation model, which is used for strategy experiments. The paper offers three insights: It provides a dynamic hypothesis about the causal structures underlying a journal impact factor; it highlights the fact that the levels and growth rates of the crucial resources, authors and reviewers, must be developed in dynamic correspondence. Finally, developing the stock of high‐quality reviewers requires time and resources but is more stable than the stock of authors and, hence, has a higher potential for guiding the journal into a regime of sustainable development. Limitations and future paths are discussed.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface and Coating Analysis of Press‐Hardened Hot‐Dip Galvanized Steel Sheet
Authors: Autengruber Robert , Luckeneder Gerald , Kolnberger Siegfried , Faderl Josef , Hassel Achim Walter 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThe use of continuous galvanized steel sheet as feedstock material for press hardening leads to components of very high strength levels with classical cathodic corrosion protection. The present work provides an insight into this technology with special focus on surface oxidation and intermetallic phase formation during the austenisation process. For that reason hot dipped galvanized 22MnB5 steel sheets, with a blank thickness of 1.5 mm and an average coating weight of 70 g m−2, were annealed in a temperature range of 400–900°C in steps of 50°C without soaking before quenching in water. Surface and cross‐cuts were analyzed by SEM, EDX, and XRD to illustrate the phase formation and the surface changes during thermal treatment. Corrosion behavior was also studied based on electrochemical investigations and an accelerated, cyclic, automotive corrosion tests called VDA, which is a mixture of salt spray test and alternating climate test. It was found that austenisation of galvanized steel sheet causes a significant change of the coating. The generated coating still offers cathodic protection for the steel substrate and has higher corrosion resistance than standard galvanized steel sheet. Surface oxidation also occurs during the press hardening process leading to a surface covered with successively arranged layers of Al2O3 and ZnO, containing also further oxidized alloying elements.
Kinetic modeling and occupancy measures of the norepinephrine transporters in baboons using single photon emission computed tomography with 123I‐INER
Authors: Dos Santos Tavares Adriana Alexandre , Barret Olivier , Batis Jeffery , Alagille David , Koren Andrei , Papin Caroline , Kudej Greg , Nice Katie , Kordower Jeffrey H. , Cosgrove Kelly P. , Kloczynski Tracy , Brenner Eric , Seibyl John , Tamagnan Gilles 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the pharmacokinetics of a recently developed radiotracer for imaging of the norepinephrine transporter (NET) in baboon brain, 123I‐INER, using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In addition, it also aims to determine NET occupancy by atomoxetine and reboxetine, two selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, using 123I‐INER in baboons. Baseline and preblocking studies with a high dose of atomoxetine (0.85 mg/kg) were conducted in three baboons using SPECT with 123I‐INER administered as a bolus. Kinetic modeling analysis was investigated for different models, namely invasive and reference tissue models. Bolus plus constant infusion experiments with displacement at equilibrium using six different doses of atomoxetine (0.03–0.85 mg/kg) and four different doses of reboxetine (0.5–3.0 mg/kg) were carried out in several baboons to obtain occupancy measurements as a function of dose for the two NET selective drugs. Results showed that reference tissue models can be used to estimate binding potential values and occupancy measures of 123I‐INER in different brain regions. In addition, the apparent volume of distribution was estimated by dividing concentration in tissue by the concentration in blood at 3 hours postinjection. After administration of atomoxetine or reboxetine, a dose‐dependent occupancy was observed in brain regions known to contain high densities of NET. In conclusion, pharmacokinetic properties of 123I‐INER were successfully described, and obtained results may be used to simplify future data acquisition and image processing. Dose‐dependent NET occupancy for two selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors was successfully measured in vivo in baboon brain using SPECT and 123I‐INER. Synapse, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alarm activation, pattern discovery, and anomaly detection in sensor networks
Authors: Shine James A. , Gentle James E. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis article describes some recent sensor network research. We have looked in more detail at three data analysis issues. First, we have considered the general issue of what constitutes normal activity and what constitutes anomalous activity. Detecting anomalies requires some measure of ‘normal’ to determine if there is an anomaly. While approaches such as Bayesian networks work well on large and diverse networks, a simpler approach may be useful for smaller networks. We describe an approach for keeping an ongoing record of sensor activation events and turning on an alarm when the frequency of events exceeds a set threshold. The approach is devised for efficiency of computation and storage. We considered groups of days such as seasons, days of the week, and work days to produce several sets of average activation levels. Second, we modeled different time intervals as independent Poisson processes and used this model to compile average data to look for and display anomalies at different sensors and different times. Using a sensor data set, we studied groups of days such as seasons, days of the week, and work days to produce several sets of average activation levels. Third, we consider possible paths that could be caused by an intruder activating several sensors in a spatial and temporal neighborhood. We are developing a simple tool to calculate and display such paths and their probabilities. WIREs Comput Stat 2012, 4:565–570. doi: 10.1002/wics.1233This article is categorized under:

Algorithms and Computational Methods > Computer Graphics
Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Pattern Recognition
Na3SbSe3: Synthesis, Crystal Structure Determination, Raman Spectroscopy, and Ionic Conductivity
Authors: Pompe Constantin , Pfitzner Arno 
Published: October 2012

AbstractNa3SbSe3 was obtained by solid state reaction of anhydrous Na2Se, antimony, and selenium in a ratio of 3:2:3. It is air and moisture sensitive and melts at 870 K. Yellow single crystals of Na3SbSe3 were used for single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. It crystallizes in the cubic space group P213 (No. 198) with a = 9.0227(2) Å, V = 734.53(3) Å3, and Z = 4. Na3SbS3 is isotypic with Na3AsS3. Trigonal SbSe3 pyramids therein act as mono‐, bi‐, and tridentate ligands to sodium. Sodium is located at three different sites, which are all coordinated by six selenium atoms, providing a strongly distorted octahedral environment. NaSe6 octahedra of identical type share common vertices; in case of different sites also face sharing is observed. Na3SbSe3 shows temperature dependent Na+ conductivity above 380 K, which increases to 2.9 × 10–6 Ω–1 cm–1 at 590 K.