bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bumblebees measure optic flow for position and speed control flexibly within the frontal visual field
Authors: Linander Nellie , Dacke Marie , Baird Emily 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
When flying through narrow spaces, insects control their position by balancing the magnitude of apparent image motion (optic flow) experienced in each eye and their speed by holding this value about a desired set point. Previously, it has been shown that when bumblebees encounter sudden changes in the proximity to nearby surfaces – as indicated by a change in the magnitude of optic flow on each side of the visual field – they adjust their flight speed well before the change, suggesting that they measure optic flow for speed control at low visual angles in the frontal visual field. Here, we investigated the effect that sudden changes in the magnitude of translational optic flow have on both position and speed control in bumblebees if these changes are asymmetrical; that is, if they occur only on one side of the visual field. Our results reveal that the visual region over which bumblebees respond to optic flow cues for flight control is not dictated by a set viewing angle. Instead, bumblebees appear to use the maximum magnitude of translational optic flow experienced in the frontal visual field. This strategy ensures that bumblebees use the translational optic flow generated by the nearest obstacles – that is, those with which they have the highest risk of colliding – to control flight.
Intraspecific scaling of the minimum metabolic cost of transport in leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus): links with limb kinematics, morphometrics and posture
Authors: Rose Kayleigh A. , Nudds Robert L. , Codd Jonathan R. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
The minimum metabolic cost of transport (CoTmin; J kg−1 m−1) scales negatively with increasing body mass (∝Mb−1/3) across species from a wide range of taxa associated with marked differences in body plan. At the intraspecific level, or between closely related species, however, CoTmin does not always scale with Mb. Similarity in physiology, dynamics of movement, skeletal geometry and posture between closely related individuals is thought to be responsible for this phenomenon, despite the fact that energetic, kinematic and morphometric data are rarely collected together. We examined the relationship between these integrated components of locomotion in leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) selectively bred for large and bantam (miniature) varieties. Interspecific allometry predicts a CoTmin ∼16% greater in bantams compared with the larger variety. However, despite 38% and 23% differences in Mb and leg length, respectively, the two varieties shared an identical walking CoTmin, independent of speed and equal to the allometric prediction derived from interspecific data for the larger variety. Furthermore, the two varieties moved with dynamic similarity and shared geometrically similar appendicular and axial skeletons. Hip height, however, did not scale geometrically and the smaller variety had more erect limbs, contrary to interspecific scaling trends. The lower than predicted CoTmin in bantams for their Mb was associated with both the more erect posture and a lower cost per stride (J kg−1 stride−1). Therefore, our findings are consistent with the notion that a more erect limb is associated with a lower CoTmin and with the previous assumption that similarity in skeletal shape, inherently linked to walking dynamics, is associated with similarity in CoTmin.
Effects of signal features and background noise on distance cue discrimination by a songbird
Authors: Pohl Nina U. , Klump Georg M. , Langemann Ulrike 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
During the transmission of acoustic signals, the spectral and temporal properties of the original signal are degraded, and with increasing distance more and more echo patterns are imposed. It is well known that these physical alterations provide useful cues to assess the distance of a sound source. Previous studies in birds have shown that birds employ the degree of degradation of a signal to estimate the distance of another singing male (referred to as ranging). Little is known about how acoustic masking by background noise interferes with ranging, and if the number of song elements and stimulus familiarity affect the ability to discriminate between degraded and undegraded signals. In this study we trained great tits (Parus major L.) to discriminate between signal variants in two background types, a silent condition and a condition consisting of a natural dawn chorus. We manipulated great tit song types to simulate patterns of reverberation and degradation equivalent to transmission distances of between 5 and 160 m. The birds' responses were significantly affected by the differences between the signal variants and by background type. In contrast, stimulus familiarity or their element number had no significant effect on signal discrimination. Although background type was a significant main effect with respect to the response latencies, the great tits' overall performance in the noisy dawn chorus was similar to the performance in silence.
Transcriptional responses to fluctuating thermal regimes underpinning differences in survival in the solitary bee Megachile rotundata
Authors: Torson Alex S. , Yocum George D. , Rinehart Joseph P. , Kemp William P. , Bowsher Julia H. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
The transcriptional responses of insects to long-term, ecologically relevant temperature stress are poorly understood. Long-term exposure to low temperatures, commonly referred to as chilling, can lead to physiological effects collectively known as chill injury. Periodically increasing temperatures during long-term chilling has been shown to increase survival in many insects. However, the transcripts responsible for this increase in survival have never been characterized. Here, we present the first transcriptome-level analysis of increased longevity under fluctuating temperatures during chilling. Overwintering post-diapause quiescent alfalfa leafcutting bees (Megachile rotundata) were exposed to a constant temperature of 6°C, or 6°C with a daily fluctuation to 20°C. RNA was collected at two different time points, before and after mortality rates began to diverge between temperature treatments. Expression analysis identified differentially regulated transcripts between pairwise comparisons of both treatments and time points. Transcripts functioning in ion homeostasis, metabolic pathways and oxidative stress response were up-regulated in individuals exposed to periodic temperature fluctuations during chilling. The differential expression of these transcripts provides support for the hypotheses that fluctuating temperatures protect against chill injury by reducing oxidative stress and returning ion concentrations and metabolic function to more favorable levels. Additionally, exposure to fluctuating temperatures leads to increased expression of transcripts functioning in the immune response and neurogenesis, providing evidence for additional mechanisms associated with increased survival during chilling in M. rotundata.
Identification and characterization of the NMDA receptor and its role in regulating reproduction in the cockroach Diploptera punctata
Authors: Huang Juan , Hult Ekaterina F. , Marchal Elisabeth , Tobe Stephen S. 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT
The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) plays important roles in excitatory neurotransmission and in the regulation of reproduction in mammals. NMDAR in insects comprises two subunits, NR1 and NR2. In this study, we identified two NR1 paralogs and eleven NR2 alternatively spliced variants in the cockroach Diploptera punctata. This is the first report of NR1 paralogs in insects. The tissue distributions and expression profiles of DpNR1A, DpNR1B and DpNR2 in different tissues were also investigated. Previous studies have demonstrated NMDA-stimulated biosynthesis of juvenile hormone (JH) in the corpora allata through the influx of extracellular Ca2+ in Diploptera punctata. However, our data show that the transcript levels of DpNR1A, DpNR1B and DpNR2 were low in the corpora allata. MK-801, a high-affinity antagonist of NMDAR, did not show any effect on JH biosynthesis in vitro. In addition, neither partial knockdown of DpNR2 nor in vivo treatment with a physiologically relevant dose of MK-801 resulted in any significant change in JH biosynthesis or basal oocyte growth. Injection of animals with a high dose of MK-801 (30 µg per animal per injection), which paralyzed the animals for 4–5 h, resulted in a significant decrease in JH biosynthesis on days 4 and 5. However, the reproductive events during the first gonadotrophic cycle in female D. punctata were unaffected. Thus, NMDAR does not appear to play important roles in the regulation of JH biosynthesis or mediate reproduction of female D. punctata.
Surfactant-free NH4TiOF3 Crystals: Self-assembly on Solid Surfaces and Room-temperature Hydrolysis for Hollow TiO2 Structures with High Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Lee Hack-Keun , Lee Seung-Woo 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Here, we report a novel synthesis of hollow TiO2 structures via hydrolysis of surfactant-free NH4TiOF3 crystals that were self-assembled at room temperature on a solid substrate from an aqueous solution containing (NH4)2TiF6 and H3BO3. The prepared TiO2 film showed highly active and robust photocatalytic behavior for the degradation of organic compounds after heat-treatment at 45 °C in ambient air.
“GEOHeritage” - GIS Based Application for Movable Heritage
Authors: Moscicka Albina 
Published: February 2015

The paper will present the results of a research project „A methodology for mapping movable heritage”. This project, financed by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education in 2008-2010, was realized by the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography in cooperation with the Research and Academic Computer Network (portal Polska.pl), the Central Archives of Historical Records and Department of Art History of the Wroclaw University. The idea of the project was to simplify access to digital movable cultural heritage by the use of spatial information. The main aspect of the project was to use a Geographic Information System (GIS) - as a technology and as a tool - to integrate different digital collections, present their content in one space and provide online access to them from one common level – from an online map. The essence of the research was to present on the online map movable monument as multi-spatial object. The base of this assumption is that most of monuments, especially movable ones, can have several places in the geographical space that are connected with them (several various space relations). As a rule archival documents were created in one place, describe the other, today can be kept in places far away from the place they were prepared, and what more the parts of the same collection can be kept in different archives. Moreover, one single document can be connected or have relations (typological, thematically, temporal, spatial) with other relations to the same or the other one. The reason for it is that documents concerning various places are housed in the same archive, various documents can present the same place or the place of creating particular document can be the place of housing another. In the project the basic source material was digital collections of original records. Their metadata defined in the international standards of monuments’ description were used for connecting digital monuments with the geographic space. With the use of these standards, the Internet application for presenting cultural heritage on the map was developed. It can be found at www.GEOHeritage.polska.pl (Polish version) and www.GEOHeritage.poland.pl (English version). The application is based on the Geographic Information System (GIS), and its functionality is mainly the elements of selecting the resources, presenting the documents on the map in different ways and finding their images. The paper will present methodological solutions necessary for building on-line map of movable heritage together with the functionality of the application.
Multi-Scale Modeling of the Basilica of San Pietro in Tuscania (Italy). From 3D Data to 2D Representation
Authors: Chiabrando Filiberto , Piatti Dario , Rinaudo Fulvio 
Published: February 2015

The Basilica of San Pietro is a Romanic architecture located in the municipality of Tuscania in the Lazio Region about 100 km far from Rome. In 1971 the apse dome collapsed during the earthquake and the important fresco of a Christ Pantocrator was destroyed. In 1975 the dome was reconstructed using reinforced concrete.In 2010 an integrated survey of the Church has been performed using LiDAR techniques integrated with photogrammetric and topographic methodologies in order to realize a complete 2D documentation of the Basilica of San Pietro. Thanks to the acquired data a complete multi-scale 3D model of the Church and of the surroundings was realized.The aim of this work is to present different strategies in order to realize correct documentations for Cultural Heritage knowledge, using typical 3D survey methodologies (i. e. LiDAR survey and photogrammetry).After data acquisition and processing, several 2D representations were realized in order to carry out traditional supports for the different actors involved in the conservation plans; moreover, starting from the 2D drawing a simplified 3D modeling methodology has been followed in order to define the fundamental geometry of the Basilica and the surroundings: the achieved model could be useful for a small architectural scale description of the structure and for the documentation of the surroundings. For the aforementioned small architectural scale model, the 3D modeling was realized using the information derived from the 2D drawings with an approach based on the Constructive Solid Geometry. Using this approach the real shape of the object is simplified. This methodology is employed in particular when the shape of the structures is simple or to communicate new project ideas of when, as in our case, the aim is to give an idea of the complexity of an architectural Cultural Heritage. In order to follow this objective, a small architectural scale model was realized: the area of the Civita hill was modeled using the information derived from the 1:5000 scale map contours; afterwards the Basilica was modeled in a CAD software using the information derived from the 2D drawings of the Basilica. Finally, a more detailed 3D model was realized to describe the real shape of the transept. All this products were realized thanks to the data acquired during the performed survey. This research underlines that a complete 3D documentation of a Cultural Heritage during the survey phase allows the final user to derive all the products that could be necessary for a correct knowledge of the artifact.
Biological variation of plasma osmolality obtained with capillary versus venous blood
Authors: Wittbrodt Matthew T. , Espinoza Sofia , Millard-Stafford Mindy L. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractPlasma osmolality (POsm) is a gold standard to assess hydration status but requires venipuncture. POsm obtained by lancing a digit, a source of capillary puncture blood (CAP), has not been validated. This study compared POsm from CAP versus venous blood (VEN) and validated its sensitivity to detect dehydration.Healthy young adults (Study A: n=20 men, 22 women; Study B: n=23 men, 23 women) participated. In Study A, CAP and VEN were compared under controlled euhydration meeting dietary reference intakes for water (3.7 L men, 2.7 L women). In Study B, CAP was assessed for sensitivity to detect dehydration with receiver operating characteristic analysis over two 24 h periods: euhydration for 24 h followed by water restriction over 24 h. POsm was measured using freezing point depression.For all subjects, CAP POsm (283.0±3.9 mOsm/kg) was not significantly different (p=0.07) from VEN (284.2±3.5) during euhydration and met analytical goals for individuality and heterogeneity. When outliers (n=3) were eliminated, mean difference was –1.6 (±3.2) lower (p<0.01) with CAP. Fluid restriction increased (p<0.001) CAP POsm (284.0±4.4 to 292.8±5.2 mOsm/kg), achieving excellent accuracy (0.92) and sensitivity (89.1%) to predict mild dehydration (2% body mass loss).POsm via CAP exhibited similar coefficients of variation and analytical goals compared to VEN combined with excellent accuracy and sensitivity to detect dehydration. Although CAP values were approximately 2 mOsm/kg lower than VEN, CAP appears an adequate substitute for tracking changes in non-clinical settings.
Effect of rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of bosutinib, a dual Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, when administered concomitantly to healthy subjects
Authors: Abbas Richat , Boni Joseph , Sonnichsen Daryl 
Published: February 2015

Abstract

Background: Bosutinib is an orally bioavailable dual Src/Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor and a CYP3A4 enzyme substrate. This study assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of bosutinib when coadministered with the CYP3A4 inducer rifampin in 24 healthy men.

Methods: Subjects received single oral doses of bosutinib 500 mg (Days 1 and 14) and once-daily oral doses of rifampin 600 mg (Days 8–17); serial blood samples were analyzed.

Results: Bosutinib exposures were reduced following concomitant administration of rifampin vs. bosutinib alone, measured by peak plasma concentration (Cmax; 112 vs. 16.0 ng/mL; 86% reduction), total area under the concentration-time curve (AUC; 2740 vs. 207 ng·h/mL; 92% reduction), and AUC to the last measurable concentration at time T (2440 vs. 158 ng·h/mL; 94% reduction). Median time to Cmax and mean half-life were shorter for bosutinib plus rifampin vs. single-agent bosutinib. Oral clearance increased approximately 13-fold; the volume of distribution increased from 9560 to 72,900 L. Treatment-emergent adverse events appeared less frequently with bosutinib plus rifampin (59%) vs. single-agent bosutinib (79%); diarrhea was reported in 11 (46%) vs. 4 (18%) subjects, respectively.

Conclusions: Concomitant use of potent or moderate CYP3A inducers with bosutinib should be avoided because of the effects of drug-drug interaction observed between bosutinib and rifampin.
Upgrade from ICD to CRT-D: clinical and
haemodynamic impact of biventricular pacing in a
patient with acquired long QT syndrome
Authors: Kawecki Damian , Dola Janusz , Jacheć Wojciech , Wojciechowska Celina , Morawski Stanisław , Tomasik Andrzej , Nowalany-Kozielska Ewa 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterised by
both the depolarisation and repolarisation disorder of
cardiac muscle cells. Cardiac resynchronising therapy
(CRT) is an important treatment option for patients with
chronic heart failure (CHF) when echocardiographic and
electrocardiographic criteria are met. Although CRT was
introduced in clinical practice 10 years ago, doubts related
to application of this treatment method persist because
of its potential proarrhythmogenic effect. This is a case
describing a 66-year-old Caucasian female with LQTS
coexisting with a left bundle branch branch block (LBBB)
and an implantable single-cavity cardioverter-defibrillator
(ICD VR), who had repeated appropriate high-energy
treatments. The upgrade to resynchronisation therapy
defibrillator (CRT-D) significantly reduced frequency of
ventricular tachycardia and the need for electrical therapies.
The normalisation of the left ventricle size, as seen
on echo examination, and the improvement of heart
failure symptoms were also observed.
Assessment of nutrition and physical activity of
6th-7th grade schoolchildren in the city of Vilnius,
Lithuania
Authors: Skurdenyte Vaida , Surkiene Gene , Stukas Rimantas , Zagminas Kestutis , Giedraitis Vincentas , Kavaliunas Andrius 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Background: Evaluation of eating habits and
physical activity is very important for health interventions.
Our aim in this study was to assess the characteristics
of eating and physical activity of 6-7th grade schoolchildren
in the city of Vilnius, Lithuania, as well as the
association between dietary habits and physical activity.
Methods: The study was conducted within the project
“Education of healthy diets and physical activity in
schools”. The sample consisted of 1008 schoolchildren
from 22 schools in the city of Vilnius, and was based on
empirical methods, including a questionnaire poll and
comparative analysis. Statistical software Stata v.12.1
(Stata corp LP) was used to analyze the data.

Results: Our study showed that less than half (37.1%) of
study participants had physically active leisure time.
Boys were significantly more physically active than girls.
More than half (61.4%) of children ate breakfast every
day. Girls were more likely to eat vegetables and sweets.
Schoolchildren who ate vegetables and dairy products as
well as those who got enough information about physical
activity and spoke about it with their family members
were more physically active.

Conclusions: The results of the study confirmed that
schoolchildren were not sufficiently physically active. It
was found that low physical activity is related to dietary
and other factors, such as lack of information about physical
activity and its benefits.
Extraction, radiolabeling and in vivo biological evaluation of 131I labeled egonol glycosides extract
Authors: Akgül Yurdanur , Pazar Erdinç , Yılmaz Habibe , Lambrecht Fatma Yurt , Yılmaz Osman , Şanlıer Şenay Hamarat 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Crude extract of S. officinalis L. was found to have suspending agent, hemolytic, antitumor, antioxidant and antimicrobial
activities. Its major components benzofurans and benzofuran glycosides have antifungal, anticancer, antibacterial and anticomplement
activities and display acetylcholinesterase-cyclooxygenase inhibitory and cytotoxic properties. Recently, it has been reported that
egonolgentiobioside is a valuable target for structural modification and warrants further investigation for its potential as a novel
pharmaceutical tool for the prevention of estrogen deficiency induced diseases.
The aim of the current study is to perform in vivo biological evaluation of a glycosides extract, which was isolated from the
fruits endocarp of Styrax officinalis L, identified as egonolgentiobioside and homoegonolgentiobioside and labeled with
131I. The radiolabeled glycosides extract was labeled with 131I with high yield. The labeled obtained
radiolabeled compound was found to be quite stable and lipophilic. In order to determine its tissue distribution, an in vivo
study was performed using healthy female Albino Wistar rats injected by 131I-glycosides. The biodistribution results showed
that clearance of the radiolabeled compound is through the hepatobiliary pathway. The experimental study indicated that the
radiolabeled glycosides extract accumulated in the large intestine. Therefore, the potential of 131I-glycosides might be
evaluated in colon cancer cell lines and this might be a promising of tumor-imaging agent.