bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis of patients with bilateral fixed dilated pupils secondary to traumatic extradural or subdural haematoma who undergo surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Scotter John , Hendrickson Susan , Marcus Hani J , Wilson Mark H 
Published: November 2014

Primary objectiveTo review the prognosis of patients with bilateral fixed and dilated pupils secondary to traumatic extradural (epidural) or subdural haematoma who undergo surgery.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was performed using random effects models. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PubMed databases were searched to identify relevant publications. Eligible studies were publications that featured patients with bilateral fixed and dilated pupils who underwent surgical evacuation of traumatic extra-axial haematoma, and reported on the rate of favourable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Score 4 or 5).ResultsFive cohort studies met the inclusion criteria, collectively reporting the outcome of 82 patients. In patients with extradural haematoma, the mortality rate was 29.7% (95% CI 14.7% to 47.2%) with a favourable outcome seen in 54.3% (95% CI 36.3% to 71.8%). In patients with acute subdural haematoma, the mortality rate was 66.4% (95% CI 50.5% to 81.9%) with a favourable outcome seen in 6.6% (95% CI 1.8% to 14.1%).Conclusions and implications of key findingsDespite the poor overall prognosis of patients with closed head injury and bilateral fixed and dilated pupils, our findings suggest that a good recovery is possible if an aggressive surgical approach is taken in selected cases, particularly those with extradural haematoma.Trial registration numberCRD42013005198.
Interobserver variability of aneurysm morphology: discrimination of the daughter sac
Authors: Suh Sang Hyun , Cloft Harry J , Huston John , Han Kyung Hwa , Kallmes David F 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveSeveral definitions have been proposed to distinguish the daughter sac when treating unruptured intracranial aneurysms. The aim of this study was to evaluate interobserver variability of aneurysm morphology, including the daughter sac, using criteria from the International Study of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms (ISUIA) and the Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysm Study of Japan (UCAS).Materials and methodsAfter approval by the institutional review board, we analyzed three morphological features (daughter sac, lobulation, and irregular margin) from the ISUIA and UCAS using angiographic images from 102 saccular aneurysms. Four independent readers interpreted each morphological criterion using dichotomized scales (existence or not). The κ statistic was used to measure interobserver agreement, and κ>0.6 was considered substantial agreement.ResultsFor discrimination of the daughter sac, interobserver agreement among the four readers was substantial using the UCAS criteria (k=0.626 for two-dimensional (2D) and 0.659 for three-dimensional (3D) images) but not for the ISUIA criteria (k=0.487 for 2D and 0.473 for 3D images; significant difference). Irrespective of the images used, pairwise pooled κ values for the UCAS were >0.6, except for one case (score of 0.54 between readers A and B). Regarding the proportion of positive reads, there was a significant difference between reads for the daughter sac using the UCAS and ISUIA criteria.ConclusionsFor discrimination of the daughter sac, the UCAS definition showed a higher reliability than the ISUIA. However, a further prospective study is necessary to validate this definition as the treatment standard for unruptured intracranial aneurysms.
AMACRAmplification in Myxofibrosarcomas: A Mechanism of Overexpression That Promotes Cell Proliferation with Therapeutic Relevance
Authors: Li Chien-Feng , Fang Fu-Min , Lan Jui , Wang Jun-Wen , Kung Hsing-Jien , Chen Li-Tzong , Chen Tzu-Ju , Li Shau-Hsuan , Wang Yu-Hui , Tai Hui-Chun , Yu Shih-Chen , Huang Hsuan-Ying 
Published: November 2014

AbstractPurpose: Myxofibrosarcomas frequently display arm-level gains on 5p. We characterized the pathogenetic and therapeutic relevance of the α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR) at 5p13.3.Experimental Design: AMACR mRNA expression in myxofibrosarcomas was analyzed using the public transcriptome and laser-microdissected sarcoma cells. We performed florescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry in independent samples for clinical correlates. In AMACR-overexpressing myxofibrosarcoma cells and xenografts, we elucidated the biologic function of AMACR using RNA interference and explored the therapeutic effect and mechanism of an AMACR inhibitor, ebselen oxide.Results: AMACR protein overexpression and gene amplification were significantly associated with each other (P &lt; 0.001), with higher tumor grades (both P ≤ 0.002), and univariately with worse metastasis-free survival (MFS; both P &lt; 0.0001) and disease-specific survival (DSS; P = 0.0002 for overexpression; P = 0.0062 for amplification). AMACR protein overexpression also independently portended adverse outcome (DSS, P = 0.007; MFS, P = 0.001). However, 39% of AMACR-overexpression cases did not show gene amplification, implying alternative regulatory mechanisms. In myxofibrosarcoma cell lines, stable AMACR knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin T2. These growth-promoting attributes of AMACR were corroborated in the AMACR-silenced xenograft model and AMACR-underexpressed myxofibrosarcomas, showing decreased labeling for cyclin D1, cyclin T2, and Ki-67. Compared with fibroblasts, AMACR-expressing myxofibrosarcoma cells were more susceptible to ebselen oxide, which not only decreased viable cells, promoted proteasome-mediated degradation of AMACR protein, and induced cellular apoptosis in vitro, but also dose-dependently suppressed xenografted tumor growth in vivo.Conclusions: Overexpressed AMACR in myxofibrosarcomas can be amplification-driven, associated with tumor aggressiveness, and may be relevant as a druggable target. Clin Cancer Res; 20(23); 6141–52. ©2014 AACR.
Tachinidae (Diptera) reared from Ropalidia nests (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from Madagascar, with two new species of Anacamptomyia
Authors: Zeegers Theo 
Published: November 2014

This paper deals with the Tachinidae reared fromRopalidianests collected on Madagascar. The material belongs to two genera,AnacamptomyiaandParapales, each represented by two species. Both species ofAnacamptomyiaare described as new:A. aurifronssp. n. andA. blommersisp. n. Their relation to the species from the Afrotropical mainland is discussed. The host records forParapalesare the first for this genus, supporting their placement in theAnacamptomyiagroup.
Two new Peruvian species of Paravelia (Heteropera: Veliidae) from water-filled bamboo internodes, and distributional notes for other Paravelia species
Authors: Polhemus Dan A. 
Published: November 2014

Two new species ofParavelia –P. loutoniandP. reclusa – are described from water-filled bamboo internodes in the forests of eastern Peru. Color dorsal habitus photographs of both species and line drawings of key male genitalic characters are provided, accompanied by a distribution map. Line drawings of the male genitalic structures ofP. myersiHungerford, the closest putative relative to these two new species, are also provided for comparison. Although Neotropical Veliidae have been previously reported from bromeliad phytotelmata, the current results from bamboo internodes are the first records for veliid utilization of this habitat in the Western Hemisphere, and indicate that further samples from such habitats are likely to result in the discovery of other heretofore undetected veliid species. New records are also provided for 12 other previously describedParaveliaspecies; the new records serve to clarify the geographic ranges and ecological preferences of these taxa.
Hydroporus emergens sp. n. from south-western Turkey (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae)
Authors: Vorst Oscar , Fery Hans 
Published: November 2014

Hydroporus emergens sp. n. is described from Tekirova (south of Antalya) in the south-western part of Turkey. The species is provisionally attributed to the H. normandi-complex which is part of the H. memnonius-group of Hydroporus Clairville, 1806. With the new species the known distribution of that complex – which so far was considered strictly western Mediterranean – is considerably expanded to the eastern Mediterranean. The species is compared with its western relatives as well as described and illustrated in detail.
Ocyochterus irmae, a beautiful new species of Ochteridae (Heteroptera) from the Northern Andes
Authors: Polhemus Dan A. , Polhemus John T. 
Published: November 2014

The new species Ocyochterus irmae is described from the Andes Mountains of Colombia and adjacent Ecuador. This species is only the second known in the genus, and the first in which male specimens have been available for dissection of the genitalic structures. A new record is also provided for the previously described O. victor (Bolivar), constituting only the fourth known specimen of this taxon since the original description in 1879, and the first new collection in over 90 years. Color photographs of the dorsal habitus and anterior head are presented for both O. irmae and O. victor, as well as photographic figures of the male parameres, aedeagus, proctiger and pygophore for O. irmae, representing the first illustrations of the male genitalic structures in this genus. A distribution map for O. irmae and O. victor is also provided.
A Satellite View of the Radiative Impact of Clouds on Surface Downward Fluxes in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Naud C. M. , Rangwala I. , Xu M. , Miller J. R. 
Published: November 2014

AbstractUsing 13 yr of satellite observations for the Tibetan Plateau, the sensitivities (or partial derivatives) of daytime surface downward shortwave and longwave fluxes with respect to changes in cloud cover and cloud optical thickness are investigated and quantified. Coincident cloud and surface flux retrievals from the NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System, respectively, as well as ground-based observations at 11 stations across the plateau are used to examine the spatial and seasonal variability of this sensitivity over the entire plateau. The downward shortwave flux is found to be modulated primarily by changes in cloud cover, but changes in optical thickness also have an impact, as revealed by a multiple regression fit. The coefficient of determination of the regression increases by more than 15% when optical thickness is added. There is significant seasonal and regional variability in the cloud radiative impact. On average, at all stations, the sensitivity of surface shortwave flux to changes in cloud cover is about −0.5 ± 0.1 W m−2 %−1 in winter according to both ground-based and satellite observations but in summer reaches −1.5 ± 0.3 and −1.8 ± 0.2 W m−2 %−1 according to ground-based and satellite observations, respectively. Cloud cover itself has little impact on the sensitivity when clouds are optically thin, but above an optical thickness of 12, sensitivities increase with both cloud cover and cloud optical thickness. The daytime longwave flux response to changes in cloud properties is also examined. The radiative impact of a decrease in cloud cover on the surface net flux can be offset or even canceled if cloud opacity increases by 5%–10%.
Parameter Optimization in an Intermediate Coupled Climate Model with Biased Physics
Authors: Zhang Xuefeng , Zhang Shaoqing , Liu Zhengyu , Wu Xinrong , Han Guijun 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Imperfect physical parameterization schemes in a coupled climate model are an important source of model biases that adversely impact climate prediction. However, how observational information should be used to optimize physical parameterizations through parameter estimation has not been fully studied. Using an intermediate coupled ocean–atmosphere model, the authors investigate parameter optimization when the assimilation model contains biased physics within a biased assimilation experiment framework. Here, the biased physics is induced by using different outgoing longwave radiation schemes in the assimilation model and the “truth” model that is used to generate simulated observations. While the stochastic physics, implemented by initially perturbing the physical parameters, can significantly enhance the ensemble spread and improve the representation of the model ensemble, the parameter estimation is able to mitigate the model biases induced by the biased physics. Furthermore, better results for climate estimation and prediction can be obtained when only the most influential physical parameters are optimized and allowed to vary geographically. In addition, the parameter optimization with the biased model physics improves the performance of the climate estimation and prediction in the deep ocean significantly, even if there is no direct observational constraint on the low-frequency component of the state variables. These results provide some insight into decadal predictions in a coupled ocean–atmosphere general circulation model that includes imperfect physical schemes that are initialized from the climate observing system.
Climate Model Dependence and the Ensemble Dependence Transformation of CMIP Projections
Authors: Abramowitz G. , Bishop C. H. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Obtaining multiple estimates of future climate for a given emissions scenario is key to understanding the likelihood and uncertainty associated with climate-related impacts. This is typically done by collating model estimates from different research institutions internationally with the assumption that they constitute independent samples. Heuristically, however, several factors undermine this assumption: shared treatment of processes between models, shared observed data for evaluation, and even shared model code. Here, a “perfect model” approach is used to test whether a previously proposed ensemble dependence transformation (EDT) can improve twenty-first-century Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) projections. In these tests, where twenty-first-century model simulations are used as out-of-sample “observations,” the mean-square difference between the transformed ensemble mean and “observations” is on average 30% less than for the untransformed ensemble mean. In addition, the variance of the transformed ensemble matches the variance of the ensemble mean about the “observations” much better than in the untransformed ensemble. Results show that the EDT has a significant effect on twenty-first-century projections of both surface air temperature and precipitation. It changes projected global average temperature increases by as much as 16% (0.2°C for B1 scenario), regional average temperatures by as much as 2.6°C (RCP8.5 scenario), and regional average annual rainfall by as much as 410 mm (RCP6.0 scenario). In some regions, however, the effect is minimal. It is also found that the EDT causes changes to temperature projections that differ in sign for different emissions scenarios. This may be as much a function of the makeup of the ensembles as the nature of the forcing conditions.
Development of an evaluation strategy of hydronic balancing valves for radiant floor heating systems
Authors: Rhee KN , Shin MS , Yeo Myoung-Souk , Kim KW 
Published: November 2014

In order to increase thermal comfort and energy efficiency, individual room control is highly recommended for radiant floor heating systems. For this reason, hydronic balancing is essential to provide the design flow rate to each branch circuit, which can be regarded as the ultimate goal of individual room control for radiant floor heating systems. In general, balancing valves are widely applied to hydronic circuits of radiant floor heating systems in common residential buildings, in order to achieve the purpose of hydronic balancing. This study aims to suggest an evaluation strategy of balancing valve performance for radiant floor heating systems. In the strategy, adjustment range and accuracy are evaluated by using the Kv value, in order to evaluate the balancing performance for practical applications of balancing valves. Additionally, the flow distribution by balancing valves was evaluated with the hydronic network simulation, by which flow quotients of hydronic circuits were investigated. Based on the evaluation strategy, the performances of six different balancing valves, which are applied to typical residential buildings, were successfully evaluated. Practical application: This study presents an evaluation strategy to evaluate the performance of hydronic balancing valves for radiant floor heating systems. The proposed evaluation strategy will be able to provide a method to analyse the impact of hydronic balancing and to determine suitable balancing valves for radiant floor heating systems in residential buildings. Therefore, it is expected that the results will be helpful to researchers for indoor environment, building service engineers, system designers, and those who want to analyse the hydronic control of radiant floor heating systems.
Systematic Review of the Quality of Economic Evaluations in the Otolaryngology Literature
Authors: Liu C. Carrie , Lui Justin , Oddone Paolucci Elizabeth , Rudmik Luke 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the quality of economic evaluations published in the otolaryngology—head and neck surgery literature, which will identify methodologic weaknesses that can be improved on in future studies. A secondary objective is to identify factors that may be associated with higher quality economic evaluations.Data SourcesOvid Medline (including PubMed), Embase, and the National Health Services Economic Evaluation databases.Review MethodsA systematic search was performed of the aforementioned databases according to PRISMA guidelines. The search was performed using otolaryngology key terms combined with the termcost. A manual search of 36 otolaryngology journals was also performed. Included studies were graded using the Quality of Health Economics Studies instrument, a 16‐item checklist providing a total quality score of 100.ResultsFifty studies were identified, and the mean quality rating was 54.7/100 (SD = 30.9). The most commonly omitted methodology components were a lack of discussion of limitations and biases, failure to address the negative outcomes of examined interventions, and a lack of a robust sensitivity analysis. Higher quality economic evaluations were associated with a higher journal impact factor (correlation coefficientr= 0.62,P=. 0001), having an author with a PhD in health economics (r= 0.56,P=. 0001), and having authors who have published prior economic evaluations (r= 0.46,P=. 001).ConclusionResults from this study have demonstrated that there are several methodological domains that can be improved on when publishing economic evaluations in the otolaryngology literature. Authors should follow recommended methodological and reporting guidelines to optimize the transparency and accuracy of the overall conclusions.
Localized Intraoperative Virtual Endoscopy (LIVE) for Surgical Guidance in 16 Skull Base Patients
Authors: Haerle Stephan K. , Daly Michael J. , Chan Harley , Vescan Allan , Witterick Ian , Gentili Fred , Zadeh Gelareh , Kucharczyk Walter , Irish Jonathan C. 
Published: November 2014

ImportancePrevious preclinical studies of localized intraoperative virtual endoscopy–image‐guided surgery (LIVE‐IGS) for skull base surgery suggest a potential clinical benefit.ObjectiveThe first aim was to evaluate the registration accuracy of virtual endoscopy based on high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging under clinical conditions. The second aim was to implement and assess real‐time proximity alerts for critical structures during skull base drilling.Design and SettingPatients consecutively referred for sinus and skull base surgery were enrolled in this prospective case series.ParticipantsFive patients were used to check registration accuracy and feasibility with the subsequent 11 patients being treated under LIVE‐IGS conditions with presentation to the operating surgeon (phase 2).InterventionSixteen skull base patients were endoscopically operated on by using image‐based navigation while LIVE‐IGS was tested in a clinical setting.Main Outcome and MeasuresWorkload was quantitatively assessed using the validated National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index (NASA‐TLX) questionnaire.ResultsReal‐time localization of the surgical drill was accurate to ~1 to 2 mm in all cases. The use of 3‐mm proximity alert zones around the carotid arteries and optic nerve found regular clinical use, as the median minimum distance between the tracked drill and these structures was 1 mm (0.2‐3.1 mm) and 0.6 mm (0.2‐2.5 mm), respectively. No statistical differences were found in the NASA‐TLX indicators for this experienced surgical cohort.Conclusions and RelevanceReal‐time proximity alerts with virtual endoscopic guidance was sufficiently accurate under clinical conditions. Further clinical evaluation is required to evaluate the potential surgical benefits, particularly for less experienced surgeons or for teaching purposes.
Test Battery of Cranial Nerves VII and VIII for Assessing Herpes Zoster Oticus
Authors: Huang Yun‐Chen , Wang Shou‐Jen , Young Yi‐Ho 
Published: November 2014

ObjectiveThis study adopted a test battery of cranial nerves (CNs) VII and VIII comprising a facial nerve function test, audiometry, a caloric test, and ocular and cervical vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP and cVEMP, respectively) tests to assess the function of CNs VII and VIII comprehensively so as to predict facial nerve recovery in patients with herpes zoster oticus (HZO).Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingUniversity hospital.MethodsA total of 20 patients with HZO underwent a test battery of CNs VII and VIII. Registering the unaffected nerve bundles in the internal auditory canal was based on the number of normal results in the test battery of CNs VII and VIII. Fair facial nerve recovery is defined as the improvement of facial paresis to facial nerve grades I to II/VI.ResultsIn 20 patients with HZO, 6, 7, 3, and 4 patients had 0, 1, 2, and 3 unaffected nerve bundles, respectively. A significantly positive correlation was identified between the number of unaffected nerve bundles and fair facial nerve recovery. Similarly, a statistically significant predictor of fair facial nerve recovery was noted for unaffected nerve bundles (odds ratio, 15.42) but not for grading of the facial nerve (odds ratio, 0.49).ConclusionGrading of the facial nerve alone fails to predict the outcome of facial paresis in patients with HZO mainly because it overlooks the involvement of CN VIII. Alternatively, a combined test battery of CNs VII and VIII may serve as a strong predictor for facial nerve recovery.