bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Ultra High Intensity Laser Pulse with Structured Target and Fast Particle Generation in a Stable Mode
Authors: Andreev A. A. , Platonov K. Yu. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractIt is shown that the relief structure with optimum parameters can significantly increase the short‐pulse laser absorption, which is connected with the enhancement of moving electrons between relief ledges. Analytical modeling and numerical simulations confirm this argumentation. In the considered cases, degradation of a structure by a laser pre‐pulse is the most important factor and for this scheme to work, one needs a very high‐contrast laser‐pulse and a nanosecond laser pre‐pulse duration. The limitation on laser pulse duration is not so strong because after destruction of a first relief a secondary dynamic structure of ion density appears. Thus, high absorption connected with a relief existence continues during a long time that gives a possibility for structure targets to be more efficient compared to a plane one. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reaching Vacuum Harmonic Generation and Approaching the Schwinger Limit with X‐Rays
Authors: Borisov A. B. , McCorkindale J. C. , Poopalasingam S. , Longworth J. W. , Rhodes C. K. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe derivation of an elementary figure of merit shows that the attainment of ultrahigh intensities suitable for probing the dynamics of the vacuum state is significantly facilitated by the use of coherent x‐ray sources in the kiloelectronvolt regime. For the Xe(M) system at 𝒽ω ∼ 1 keV, estimates indicate that an intensity sufficient for the observation of vacuum harmonic generation (∼ 1027 W/cm2) can be reached with pulse energies in the 10 – 100 mJ range. Recent measurements indicate that x‐ray yield of Xe(M) 4f → 3d emission from Xe clusters in self‐trapped plasma channels produced with femtosecond 248 nm pulses can be readily extended into this range. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Ketoiminate and Zinc Alkoxide–/Phenoxide–Ketoiminate Complexes
Authors: Di Iulio Carlo , Middleton Mathew , Kociok‐Köhn Gabriele , Jones Matthew D. , Johnson Andrew L. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractDimeric methylzinc ketoiminate complexes bis{4‐[(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imido]pentan‐1‐one}methylzinc, [{L1}ZnMe]2, and bis{1‐phenyl‐3[(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imido]butan‐1‐one}methylzinc, [{L2}ZnMe]2 have been synthesized and completely characterized along with the homoleptic zinc complex bis{1‐phenyl‐3[(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imido]butan‐1‐one}zinc, [{L2}2Zn] by means of single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The related dimeric zinc phenoxide–ketoiminate complexes [{L3}Zn]2·(dmso)2, [{L4}Zn]2·(dmso)2, [{L5}Zn]2·(dmso)2, [{L6}Zn]2·(dmso)2 and [{L4}Zn]2·(hmpa)2 (dmso = dimethyl sulfoxide; hmpa = hexamethylphosphoramide) have also been synthesized along with the tetrameric zinc alkoxide–ketoiminate complex [{L7}Zn]4. In preliminary studies the complexes described in this report were assessed for their activity in the ring‐opening polymerization of rac‐lactide, either in the solution state (in the presence of benzyl alcohol initiator), or under industrially preferred melt conditions (130 °C no solvent). It could be shown that these compounds are able to act as initiators for lactide polymerization, with molecular weights (Mn) of up to 102050 g/mol.
Synthesis, Structure and Catalytic Properties of Dinuclear MoVI Complexes with Ditopic Diaminotetraphenols
Authors: Riisiö Antti , Lehtonen Ari , Hänninen Mikko M. , Sillanpää Reijo 
Published: January 2013

AbstractMoVI complexes with novel ditopic diaminotetraphenol ligands have been prepared by using a one‐pot procedure in methanol or DMSO with [MoO2(acac)2] (acac = acetylacetonate) as the molybdenum source. The complexes were characterised with X‐ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopic studies, elemental analysis and IR spectroscopy. In the solid state, the compounds represent either a rodlike molecular or oxido‐bridged polymeric structure. The catalytic activity of the complexes was investigated by oxidising benzyl alcohol and 1‐phenylethanol with hydrogen peroxide to the corresponding aldehyde and ketone, respectively. Furthermore, the catalytic activity was surveyed also in epoxidation of cyclooctene.
Spin‐State Tuning in Iron(II) Triazamacrocyclic Complexes
Authors: Tolla Azam S. , Banerjee Atanu , Stjepanovic Slavica , Li Jia , Brennessel William W. , Loloee Reza , Chavez Ferman A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe structures of [FeII(tacn)2](OTf)2·DMF (1·DMF), [FeII(tacd)2](OTf)2 (2), and [FeII(tacud)2](OTf)2 (3) (OTf = triflate, tacn = 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane, tacd = 1,4,7‐triazacyclodecane, tacud = 1,4,8‐triazacycloundecane) are reported. In the solid state, compounds 1 and 2 exhibit temperature‐dependent gradual and reversible one‐step spin crossover between the high‐spin (S = 2) and low‐spin (S = 0) states with estimated spin‐conversion equilibria (T1/2) of 330 and 320 K, respectively. Compound 1 exhibits somewhat reversible magnetic behavior during the heating and cooling cycle, whereas 2 is more reversible. Compound 2 is only the third example of a spin‐crossover compound possessing secondary amine ligands exclusively. Complex 3 is high spin at the temperatures measured. Systematic comparison of the properties of 1–3 indicates that the structural–magnetic properties correlate with the ligand‐donor strength. There is also a close correlation with the room‐temperature solution spin state and E1/2 in acetonitrile for these compounds.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND HEALTH OUTCOMES: EVIDENCE FROM CANADA
Authors: Humphreys Brad R. , McLeod Logan , Ruseski Jane E. 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACTHealth production models include participation in physical activity as an input. We investigate the relationship between participation in physical activity and health using a bivariate probit model. Participation is identified with an exclusion restriction on a variable reflecting sense of belonging to the community. Estimates based on data from Cycle 3.1 of the Canadian Community Health Survey indicate that participation in physical activity reduces the reported incidence of diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, asthma, and arthritis as well as being in fair or poor health. Increasing the intensity above the moderate level and frequency of participation in physical activity appears to have a diminishing marginal impact on adverse health outcomes. Our results provide support for guidelines about engaging in exercise regularly to achieve health benefits. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Teacher Scaffolding of Academic Language in an Advanced Placement U.S. History Class
Authors: Gritter Kristine , Beers Scott , Knaus Robert W. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThis article examines teacher scaffolding of academic language in an Advanced Placement United State History (APUSH) course throughout a school year for one student who received a perfect score on the end of year APUSH exam. Data includes four months of observation of teacher instructional strategies to scaffold student writing and vignettes of student writing with marked academic language change over time. We conclude that to construct effective arguments in writing, students need narrative continuity across the big ideas of history and sophisticated language to convey this knowledge in their writing. Teachers can scaffold this as part of their instruction and evidence of success can appear in student writing.
Non‐linear optical microscopy of kidney tumours
Authors: Galli Roberta , Sablinskas Valdas , Dasevicius Darius , Laurinavicius Arvydas , Jankevicius Feliksas , Koch Edmund , Steiner Gerald 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe unregulated cancer cell growth leads to strong alterations in morphology and composition of the tissue. The combination of coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering, two‐photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation enables a high resolution imaging with strong information on tissue composition and can then provide useful information for tumour diagnosis. Here we present the potential of multimodal non‐linear microscopy for imaging of renal tumours. Using cryosections of human oncocytoma and carcinoma, the method gave a detailed insight in cancer morphology and composition, enabling to discern between normal kidney tissue, tumour and necrosis. Several features significant for the diagnosis were clearly visualised without use of any staining. Translation of this method in clinical pathology will greatly improve speed and quality of the analyses. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The association between fracture site and obesity in men: A population-Based cohort study
Authors: Premaor Melissa O , Compston Juliet E , Fina Avilés Francesc , Pagès-Castellà Aina , Nogués Xavier , Díez-Pérez Adolfo , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

A site-dependent association between obesity and fracture has been reported in postmenopausal women. In this study we investigated the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and fracture at different skeletal sites in older men (≥65 years). We carried out a population-based cohort study using data from the Sistema d‘Informació per al Desenvolupament de l‘Investigació en Atenció Primària (SIDIAPQ) database. SIDIAPQ contains the primary care and hospital admission computerized medical records of &gt;1300 general practitioners (GPs) in Catalonia (Northeast Spain), with information on a representative 30% of the population (&gt;2 million people). In 2007, 186,171 men ≥65 years were eligible, of whom 139,419 (74.9%) had an available BMI measurement. For this analysis men were categorized as underweight/normal (BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2, n = 26,298), overweight (25 ≤ BMI &lt; 30 kg/m2, n = 70,851), and obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n = 42,270). Incident fractures in the period 2007 to 2009 were ascertained using International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition (ICD-10) codes. A statistically significant reduction in clinical spine and hip fractures was observed in obese (relative risk [RR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53–0.80 and RR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.54–0.74, respectively), and overweight men (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64–0.92 and RR, 0.63; 95% CI 0.55–0.72, respectively) when compared with underweight/normal men. Additionally, obese men had significantly fewer wrist/forearm (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61–0.97) and pelvic (RR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.28–0.70) fractures than underweight/normal men. Conversely, multiple rib fractures were more frequent in overweight (RR, 3.42; 95% CI, 1.03–11.37) and obese (RR, 3.96; 95% CI, 1.16–13.52) men. In this population-based cohort of older men, obesity was associated with a reduced risk of clinical spine, hip, pelvis, and wrist/forearm fracture and increased risk of multiple rib fractures when compared to normal or underweight men. Further work is needed to identify the mechanisms underlying these associations.
In Obese Postmenopausal Women, Bone Microarchitecture and Strength Are Not Commensurate to Greater Body Weight: The Os des Femmes de Lyon (OFELY) Study
Authors: Sornay-Rendu Elisabeth , Boutroy Stephanie , Vilayphiou Nicolas , Claustrat Bruno , Chapurlat Roland D 
Published: January 2013

ABSTRACT

Obesity is associated with higher areal bone density (aBMD) but its protective effect on the risk of fracture is controversial. We aimed to analyze bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties in obese (OB) postmenopausal French women compared with normal weight (NW) women. A matched case-control study from the Os des Femmes de Lyon (OFELY) cohort was conducted in 63 OB women (body mass index [BMI] &gt; 30, mean age 69 ± 8 years) age-matched with 126 NW women (19 ≤ BMI ≤ 25). Bone architecture was measured with high-resolution pQCT at the distal radius and tibia and bone strength was assessed by micro–finite element analysis (µFEA). aBMD, total body fat mass (FM) and lean mass (LM) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). aBMD was 15% higher at the total hip in OB compared with NW women. At the radius, OB had 13% and 14% higher volumetric total and trabecular bone densities, 11% higher cortical thickness, 13% greater trabecular number, and 22% lower distribution of trabecular separation compared with NW (p adjusted for height, physical activity, and medication use, &lt;0.01 for all). Differences of a similar magnitude were found at the distal tibia. At both sites, µFEA showed significant higher values of bone strength in OB compared to controls. After normalizing values for individual body weight, we observed that all the parameters were relatively lower in OB compared to NW women. The increase of FM was fourfold greater than the increase of LM in OB. The effect of FM on bone parameters was more pronounced at the tibia compared to the non–weight-bearing site. Nevertheless, the coefficients of correlation were about one-half of those of LM for the biomechanical parameters. We conclude that higher absolute values of bone densities, cortical and trabecular architecture, and strength indices were not in proportion to the excess of BMI and particularly of FM in obese postmenopausal French women.
Tiling 3‐Uniform Hypergraphs With
Authors: Czygrinow Andrzej , DeBiasio Louis , Nagle Brendan 
Published: January 2013

AbstractLet denote the hypergraph consisting of two triples on four points. For an integer n, let denote the smallest integer d so that every 3‐uniform hypergraph G of order n with minimum pair‐degree contains vertex‐disjoint copies of . Kühn and Osthus (J Combin Theory, Ser B 96(6) (2006), 767–821) proved that holds for large integers n. Here, we prove the exact counterpart, that for all sufficiently large integers n divisible by 4,

math imageA main ingredient in our proof is the recent “absorption technique” of Rödl, Ruciński, and Szemerédi (J. Combin. Theory Ser. A 116(3) (2009), 613–636).
Quantitative assessment of systolic and diastolic left ventricular twist using Fourier Analysis of Stimulated echoes (FAST) and CSPAMM
Authors: Reyhan Meral , Ennis Daniel B. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate Fourier Analysis of Stimulated echoes (FAST) and CSPAMM for the quantification of left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function and compare it with the previously validated FAST+SPAMM technique.Materials and Methods:LV short‐axis tagged images were acquired with CSPAMM and SPAMM in healthy volunteers (n = 13). The FAST method was used to automatically estimate LV systolic and diastolic twist parameters from rotation of the stimulated echo and stimulated anti‐echo about the middle of k‐space subsequent to ∼3 min of user interaction.Results:There was no significant difference between measures obtained for FAST+CSPAMM and FAST+SPAMM for mean peak twist (13.5 ± 2.7° versus 11.9 ± 4.0°), torsion (3.4 ± 0.8°/cm versus 2.9 ± 1.0°/cm), twisting rate (76.8 ± 22.2°/s versus 68.2 ± 23.4°/s), untwisting rate (−102.7 ± 24.6°/s versus −106.6 ± 32.4°/s), normalized untwisting rate (−7.9 ± 2.2/s versus −9.9 ± 4.4/s), and time of peak twist (279 ± 23 ms versus 293 ± 25 ms) (all P > 0.01). FAST+CSPAMM also provided measures of duration of untwisting (148 ± 21 ms) and the ratio of rapid untwist to peak twist (0.8 ± 0.3). Bland‐Altman analysis of FAST+CSPAMM and FAST+SPAMM twist data demonstrates excellent agreement with a bias of 1.1° and 95% confidence intervals of [−3.3°, 5.2°].Conclusion:FAST+CSPAMM is a semi‐automated method that provides a quick and quantitative assessment of LV systolic and diastolic twist and torsion. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:678–683. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In vivo comparison of myocardial T1 with T2 and T2* in thalassaemia major
Authors: Feng Yanqiu , He Taigang , Carpenter John‐Paul , Jabbour Andrew , Alam Mohammed Harith , Gatehouse Peter D. , Greiser Andreas , Messroghli Daniel , Firmin David N. , Pennell Dudley J. 
Published: January 2013

Purpose:To compare myocardial T1 against T2 and T2* in patients with thalassemia major (TM) for myocardial iron characterization.Materials and Methods:A total of 106 TM patients (29 ± 10 years; 58 males) were studied on a 1.5 Tesla scanner using dedicated T1, T2*, and T2 relaxometry sequences. A single mid‐ventricular short axis slice was acquired within a breath‐hold.Results:In patients with myocardial iron overload (T2* < 20 ms; n = 52), there were linear correlations between T2 and T2* (r = 0.82; P = 0.0), and between T1 and T2* (r = 0.83; P = 0.0). In patients with no myocardial iron (n = 54), T2* values were scattered with no significant correlation against T2 or T1. For all patients (n = 106) there was a strong linear correlation (r = 0.93; P = 0.0) between myocardial T1 and T2.Conclusion:In patients with iron overload, myocardial T2 and T1 are correlated with T2*. In patients with low or normal myocardial iron concentration, other factors become dominant in affecting T2* values as shown by scattered T2* data. Myocardial T1 correlates linearly with T2 measurements in all patients suggesting that these two relaxation parameters avoid extrinsic magnetic field inhomogeneity effects and may potentially provide improved myocardial tissue characterization. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:588–593. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
3D coronary MR angiography at 1.5 T: Volume‐targeted versus whole‐heart acquisition
Authors: Jin Hang , Zeng Meng‐Su , Ge Mei‐Ying , Yun Hong , Yang Shan 
Published: January 2013

Purpose:To compare volume‐targeted acquisition with whole‐heart acquisition in 1.5‐T free‐breathing 3D coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with parallel imaging.Materials and Methods:The major coronary arteries were imaged in 36 subjects using the whole‐heart and volume‐targeted acquisitions with comparable imaging parameters. The quantitative and semiquantitative data derived from these two acquisition methods were analyzed statistically, with P < 0.05 considered significant.Results:Both the right coronary artery (RCA) / left circumflex artery (LCX)‐ and the left main (LM) / left anterior descending (LAD)‐targeted acquisitions had similar results in navigator efficiencies and apparent signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in comparison with whole‐heart acquisition. Apparent contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) of the volume‐targeted imaging was significantly higher than that of the whole‐heart imaging. The imaging time required for a whole‐heart scan was significantly longer than each of the RCA/LCX‐ and LM/LAD‐targeted acquisitions. However, the sum of scanning times derived from volume‐targeted imaging was significantly longer than that of whole‐heart acquisition. Both RCA/LCX‐ and LM/LAD‐targeted acquisition yield higher vessel sharpness and overall image quality in comparison with whole‐heart acquisition. The lengths of the major coronary arteries were not significantly different for the whole‐heart and volume‐targeted approaches. The whole‐heart method was obviously superior to the volume‐targeted method in terms of visualization of the posterior descending artery.Conclusion:For current 1.5‐T navigator coronary MRA, volume‐targeted and whole‐heart acquisitions have their own advantages and the choice of methods may vary in accordance with the different aims of clinical practice. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:594–602. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Postoperative evaluation of superficial temporal artery‐middle cerebral artery bypass using an MR angiography technique with combined white‐blood and black‐blood sequences
Authors: Tsuchiya Kazuhiro , Imai Masamichi , Nitatori Toshiaki , Kimura Tokunori 
Published: January 2013

Purpose:To assess the performance of the hybrid of opposite‐contrast MR angiography (HOP MRA) technique, which combines flow dephasing and compensating sequences, in the postoperative evaluation of superficial temporal artery (STA)‐middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass.Materials and Methods:Both 3D‐HOP MRA and 3D‐time‐of‐flight (TOF) MRA at 1.5 Tesla were performed in 19 patients after STA‐MCA bypass. The two techniques were visually evaluated to compare the visualization of distal MCA branches and the length and number of depicted recipient MCA branches. Additionally, for the depicted recipient MCA branches, the contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) and length were compared between the two techniques.Results:The 3D‐HOP MRA provided better visualization of the recipient MCA branches than 3D‐TOF MRA in 10 of the 19 patients, while the depicted recipient MCA branches were longer on 3D‐HOP MRA than on 3D‐TOF MRA in 9 patients. Although not statistically significant, the average number of depicted recipient branches by 3D‐HOP MRA (2.16) was greater than that by 3D‐TOF MRA (1.79). 3D‐HOP MRA was significantly superior to 3D‐TOF MRA in both CNR (119.0 versus 74.3) and length of the recipient MCA branches (72.0 versus 49.9 pixels).Conclusion:3D‐HOP MRA is superior to 3D‐TOF MRA for the detailed evaluation of STA‐MCA bypass. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;38:671–676. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular characterization of norovirus GII strains identified in Albania
Authors: Donia Domenica , Cenko Fabian , Divizia Maurizio 
Published: January 2013

AbstractNoroviruses (NoVs) are considered as the leading cause of diarrheal diseases in all groups of age. In the last decade the number of NoV outbreaks worldwide is increasing. Data published by the systems of NoV surveillance show the GII.4 strain as the human predominant genotype circulating worldwide and new genetic variants of GII.4 were associated with epidemic events. In Albania the economy transformation has damaged significantly the environment and a large circulation of enteric viruses was reported in the past with the presence of NoV among the genotyped strains. This study aimed to characterize, by molecular analysis, the NoV GII strains detected in Albania during two time periods: in 2010 from the outbreak occurred in Ballsh and in 2002–2003 from sporadic cases of diarrhoea. A total of 21 Nov GII strains were characterized. The NoV GII.4 was genotyped more frequently and it was related closely to the pandemic variants recorded in GenBank. During 2002–2003, six NoV GII recombinant strains have been characterized. J. Med. Virol. 85:731–736, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatitis E virus isolated from rabbits is genetically heterogeneous but with very similar antigenicity to human HEV
Authors: Wang Song , Dong Chen , Dai Xing , Cheng Xianfeng , Liang Jiuhong , Dong Min , Purdy Michael A. , Meng Jihong 
Published: January 2013

AbstractRabbit hepatitis E virus (HEV) in China may represent a novel HEV genotype, although no consensus has been reached. It is unclear whether the ORF2 capsid protein containing the immunodominant epitopes from rabbit HEV differs from those of human HEV. In this study, 661 bile samples collected from domestic rabbits in Jiangsu province, eastern China were amplified by RT‐nPCR using a set of HEV universal ORF2 primers. All 42 (6.4%) positive PCR products were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis using the ORF2 sequences of 557 bp in length showed the Jiangsu isolates were separate from HEV genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, avian HEV and rat HEV, and clustered together with rabbit HEV sequences. These 42 isolates were divided into five branches including two newly identified in the present study. Comparison with rabbit HEV sequences from China available in GenBank, using a 298 bp ORF2 segment, showed these sequences clustered together into a unique rabbit HEV clade, and were divided into eight sub‐branches with high genetic heterogeneity. In addition, 267 serum samples collected from domestic rabbits, serial serum samples from two rhesus monkeys experimentally infected with HEV genotype 1 or 4, and serial serum samples from two New‐Zealand rabbits infected experimentally with rabbit HEV were tested simultaneously by EIA using recombinant truncated ORF2 capsid proteins derived from rabbit and human HEV. The virtually identical results obtained suggest that rabbit and human HEV ORF2 antigens contain very similar immunodominant epitopes. All these data are helpful to identify the biological characteristics of the newly identified rabbit HEV. J. Med. Virol. 85:627–635, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.