bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An in situ intercalative polymerization method for preparing UV curable clay–polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Pavlacky Erin , Webster Dean C. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTA novel in situ intercalative polymerization technique was used to disperse clay mineral in a precursor resin for use in UV curing by performing an in situ ion exchange reaction during polyesterification. Unmodified montmorillonite (MMT) was added to a reaction mixture composed of monomers and methyl, tallow, bis‐2‐hydroxyethyl ammonium (MTEtOH) during the synthesis of unsaturated polyesters to create resins containing highly dispersed, organically modified MMT. UV‐curable clay–polymer nanocomposite (CPN) films were then prepared utilizing donor–acceptor chemistry through reactions of the unsaturated polyester resin with triethylene glycol divinyl ether. Functional group conversion improved up to 15% by the incorporation of clay mineral into the polymer matrix through the in situ polymerization method. The CPNs also had improved barrier, mechanical, and thermal properties over a control film containing no clay mineral. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42601.
The potential of random forest and neural networks for biomass and recombinant protein modeling in Escherichia coli fed‐batch fermentations
Authors: Melcher Michael , Scharl Theresa , Spangl Bernhard , Luchner Markus , Cserjan Monika , Bayer Karl , Leisch Friedrich , Striedner Gerald 
Published: June 2015

AbstractProduct quality assurance strategies in production of biopharmaceuticals currently undergo a transformation from empirical “quality by testing” to rational, knowledge‐based “quality by design” approaches. The major challenges in this context are the fragmentary understanding of bioprocesses and the severely limited real‐time access to process variables related to product quality and quantity. Data driven modeling of process variables in combination with model predictive process control concepts represent a potential solution to these problems. The selection of statistical techniques best qualified for bioprocess data analysis and modeling is a key criterion. In this work a series of recombinant Escherichia coli fed‐batch production processes with varying cultivation conditions employing a comprehensive on‐ and offline process monitoring platform was conducted. The applicability of two machine learning methods, random forest and neural networks, for the prediction of cell dry mass and recombinant protein based on online available process parameters and two‐dimensional multi‐wavelength fluorescence spectroscopy is investigated. Models solely based on routinely measured process variables give a satisfying prediction accuracy of about ± 4% for the cell dry mass, while additional spectroscopic information allows for an estimation of the protein concentration within ± 12%. The results clearly argue for a combined approach: neural networks as modeling technique and random forest as variable selection tool.
Risk of new-onset type II diabetes after appendicectomy
Authors: Wei P-L , Tsai M-C , Hung S-H , Lee H-C , Lin H-C , Lee C-Z 
Published: June 2015

Abstract

Background
Altered immune function after appendicectomy has been associated with autoimmune disease, even though the mechanisms are not clearly elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether the frequency of new-onset type II diabetes was increased after appendicectomy in a case–control study.

Methods
This was a retrospective cohort study from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. The relative risk was compared with that in the general population using population-based data. Each patient was tracked for a 3-year interval to identify those who developed type II diabetes. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to assess the risk of type II diabetes during follow-up.

Results
A total of 31 512 patients were included in the study, of whom 5252 had an appendicectomy (study cohort) and 26 260 were matched for comparison. Some 714 patients (2·3 per cent) developed type II diabetes during the 3-year follow-up, 161 in the study cohort (3·1 per cent) and 553 in the comparison cohort (2·1 per cent). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for type II diabetes in the study cohort was 1·45 (95 per cent c.i. 1·22 to 1·74). This increased risk was most pronounced in men (adjusted HR 1·47, 1·16 to 1·88) and in those with a perforated appendix (adjusted HR 2·28, 1·71 to 3·03), and applied only to patients younger than 65 years of age.

Conclusion
An increased risk of new-onset type II diabetes within 3 years after appendicectomy was found in patients aged less than 65 years. The risk was highest in men and in those with complicated appendicitis.
Facile Interchange of 3d and 4f Ions in Single‐Molecule Magnets: Stepwise Assembly of [Mn4], [Mn3Ln] and [Mn2Ln2] Cages within Calix[4]arene Scaffolds
Authors: Palacios Maria A. , McLellan Ross , Beavers Christine M. , Teat Simon J. , Weihe Høgni , Piligkos Stergios , Dalgarno Scott J. , Brechin Euan K. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe central MnII ions in a series of calix[4]arene‐stabilised butterflies can be sequentially replaced with LnIII ions, maintaining the structural integrity of the molecule but transforming its magnetic properties. The replacement of MnII for GdIII allows for the examination of the transferability of spin‐Hamiltonian parameters within the family as well as permitting their reliable determination. The introduction of the 4f ions results in weaker intramolecular magnetic exchange, an increase in the number of low‐lying excited states, and an increase in magnetisation relaxation, highlighting the importance of exchange over single‐ion anisotropy for the observation of SMM behaviour in this family of complexes. The presence of the [TMII/III(TBC[4])(OH)(solvent)] metalloligand (TM=transition metal, TBC=p‐tBu‐calix[4]arene) suggests that magnetic calix[n]arene building blocks can be employed to encapsulate a range of different “guests” within structurally robust “hosts”.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Fluorinated Isoindolinones through Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Amination of Enantioenriched Benzylic Carbamates
Authors: Barrio Pablo , Ibáñez Ignacio , Herrera Lidia , Román Raquel , Catalán Silvia , Fustero Santos 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe asymmetric synthesis of fluorinated isoindolinones has been achieved by a palladium‐catalyzed aminocarbonylation reaction of the corresponding α‐fluoroalkyl o‐iodobenzylamines. A base‐mediated anti β‐hydride elimination process was suggested to explain the partial erosion of the optical purity observed in some cases. This mechanistic rationale enabled the minimization of this partial racemization by fine‐tuning the pKa of the base.
Amino Acid Chirality and Ferrocene Conformation Guided Self‐Assembly and Gelation of Ferrocene–Peptide Conjugates
Authors: Adhikari Bimalendu , Singh Charanpreet , Shah Afzal , Lough Alan J. , Kraatz Heinz‐Bernhard 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe self‐assembly and gelation behavior of a series of mono‐ and disubstituted ferrocene (Fc)–peptide conjugates as a function of ferrocene conformation and amino acid chirality are described. The results reveal that ferrocene–peptide conjugates self‐assemble into organogels by controlling the conformation of the central ferrocene core, through inter‐ versus intramolecular hydrogen bonding in the attached peptide chain(s). The chirality controlled assembling studies showed that two monosubstituted Fc conjugates FcCO–LFLFLA‐OMe and FcCO–LFLFDA‐OMe form gels with nanofibrillar network structures, whereas the other two diastereomers FcCO–DFLFLA‐OMe and FcCO–LFDFLA‐OMe exclusively produced straight nanorods and non‐interconnected small fibers, respectively. This suggests the potential tuning of gelation behavior and nanoscale morphology by altering the chirality of constituted amino acids. The current study confirms the profound effect of diastereomerism and no influence of enantiomers on gelation. Correspondingly, the diastereomeric and enantiomeric Fc[CO‐FFA‐OMe]2 were constructed for the study of chirality‐organized structures.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Insertion of Alkynes and Electron‐Deficient Olefins into Unactivated sp3 CH Bonds
Authors: Maity Soham , Agasti Soumitra , Earsad Arif Mahammad , Hazra Avijit , Maiti Debabrata 
Published: June 2015

AbstractInsertion of unsaturated systems such as alkynes and olefins into unactivated sp3 CH bonds remains an unexplored problem. We herein address this issue by successfully incorporating a wide variety of functionalized alkynes and electron‐deficient olefins into the unactivated sp3 CH bond of pivalic acid derivatives with excellent syn‐ and linear‐ selectivity. A strongly chelating 8‐aminoquinoline directing group proved beneficial for these insertion reactions, while an air‐stable and inexpensive NiII salt has been employed as the active catalyst.
A Water‐soluble Conjugated Polymer for Thiol Detection Based on "Turn‐off" Effect
Authors: Zeng Gaoshan , Li Jie , Liang Hao , Yuan Yan , Li Xiang , Yin Chao , Yang Zhen , Fan Quli , Lu Xiaomei , Huang Wei 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWe investigated a novel water‐soluble conjugated polymer (WSCP) for thiol detection based on "turn‐off" effect. This WSCP was modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) by disulfide linkages to achieve good solubility in aqueous solution (34 mg/mL) and high quantum yield (0.47). The separation of water‐soluble PEG chains from the conjugated backbone induced by the cleavage of the disulfide linkages would lead to a significant decrease of the water solubility and a dramatical fluorescence quenching of the probe. The combined intuitive images and fluorescence spectrophotometer further confirmed that decreased solubility produced an aggregation of the hydrophobic conjugated backbone. The fluorescence intensity of the probe showed a good linear relationship with glutathione (GSH) (1–200 nmol·L−1), and the detection limit was 16 nmol·L−1. This WSCP probe was confirmed to be a good sensing material with high selectivity to thiols by testing various biological molecules. And this WSCP probe exhibited good detection effect to intracellular thiols by testing Hela cells. Considering the good sensitivity and selectivity, the probe could be further used in vivo. In conclusion, this conjugated polymer probe made up for the drawbacks of the micromolecue probes and contributed to the development of new probes based on conjugated polymers.
Preparation and Photoelectric and Magnetic Properties of Cu2MnSnS4 Nanosheets
Authors: Shi Liang , Li Yanan , Wu Chunyan , Zheng Ren‐Kui 
Published: June 2015

AbstractUniform Cu2MnSnS4 nanosheets with an average size of 50 nm are synthesized through a mild solvothermal solution approach. The as‐prepared Cu2MnSnS4 nanosheets have the wurtzite structure and are oriented parallel to the (002) crystal plane. The structure, morphology, composition, and optical absorption properties of the as‐prepared samples are characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and UV/Vis spectrophotometry. The formation mechanism of the Cu2MnSnS4 nanosheets is also discussed. A thin film prepared from the Cu2MnSnS4 nanosheets displays a clear photoelectric response, suggesting its potential application as a low‐cost solar absorber material. The Cu2MnSnS4 nanosheets are also found to show weak ferromagnetic behavior below 5 K.
N‐Doped Carbon‐Coated Tungsten Oxynitride Nanowire Arrays for Highly Efficient Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Li Qun , Cui Wei , Tian Jingqi , Xing Zhicai , Liu Qian , Xing Wei , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping 
Published: June 2015

AbstractIt is highly desired but still challenging to develop active nonprecious metal hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts operating under all pH conditions. Herein, the development of three‐dimensional N‐doped carbon‐coated tungsten oxynitride nanowire arrays on carbon cloth as a highly efficient and durable HER cathode was explored. The material delivers current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2 at overpotentials of 106 and 172 mV, respectively, in acidic medium, and it also performs well in neutral and basic electrolytes.
Mo‐V‐Phosphoric Heteropoly Acids and Their Salts: Aqueous Solution Preparation – Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Odyakov Victor F. , Zhizhina Elena G. , Rodikova Yulia A. , Gogin Leonid L. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractVanadium‐containing heteropoly acids (HPAs) are effective acidic and oxidizing catalysts in various reactions. The existing wide application of such catalysts requires their safe, waste‐free, and easy preparation on a large scale. Unfortunately, the so‐calledether method, first suggested more than 100 years ago, is still mainly used for the purpose, producing a lot of harmful waste material. Nowadays environmental safety requirements necessitate revision of such preparation processes and searching for alternative methods of synthesis. At present, there exist a range of new methods for preparing HPAs, with a so‐calledperoxide methodseeming to be the most generally applicable one. For this reason, the aim of this review is to discuss some recent progress in obtaining aqueous solutions of Keggin and Wells–Dawson Mo‐V‐P HPAs and their salts. These solutions can be used as individual homogeneous oxidation catalysts, bifunctional catalysts for one‐pot acidic and oxidizing transformations, or precursors for preparing their heterogeneous analogues.
Thiourea‐Bridged Nanodiamond Glycoconjugates as Inhibitors of Bacterial Adhesion
Authors: Fessele Claudia , Wachtler Stefan , Chandrasekaran Vijayanand , Stiller Carina , Lindhorst Thisbe K. , Krueger Anke 
Published: June 2015

AbstractThe study of bacterial adhesion is crucial to our understanding of infection processes as well as for the development of antiadhesives. Here we have investigated new nanodiamond glycoconjugates intended to inhibit adhesion of type 1 fimbriated E. coli bacteria. For conjugation of saccharides and nanodiamond, thiourea‐bridging was employed, a method that has not been used before in nanodiamond derivatization. Amino‐prefunctionalized diamond nanoparticles were prepared employing aromatic diazonium salts and reacted with different isothiocyanato‐functionalized mannose derivatives. The resulting glyconanodiamonds were characterized and then tested in bacterial binding assays. They are recognized by the bacterial protein FimH according to the structure‐activity relationships known for this lectin. Thus, owing to the particular properties of nanodiamond, a valuable material is introduced with the potential to control bacterial adhesion and colonization in a favorable way.
Reactivity of N‐Boc‐Protected Amino‐Ynones in the Presence of Zinc Chloride: Formation of Acetylenic Cyclic Imines and Their Palladium Complexes
Authors: Vu Huy‐Dinh , Renault Jacques , Roisnel Thierry , Robert Clémence , Jéhan Philippe , Gouault Nicolas , Uriac Philippe 
Published: June 2015

AbstractAmino‐ynones can be seen as precursors of various heterocyclic rings. Although γ‐amino‐ynones have been used to prepare exocyclic vinylogous amides in the presence of Brønsted acids, we describe here the use of zinc chloride as a weak Lewis acid for their conversion into acetylenic cyclic imines. This reaction, which was attempted for a diverse range of γ‐amino‐ynones, proved to be robust and efficient in most cases and was easily extended to δ‐amino‐ynones to yield various acetylenic cyclic imines. Depending on the workup procedure, the latter compounds could be isolated either as free organic compounds or as zinc complexes. The ability of these cyclic imines to form complexes with palladium is also reported.
Enzymatic treatment of soy protein isolates: effects on the potential allergenicity, technofunctionality, and sensory properties
Authors: Meinlschmidt Pia , Sussmann Daniela , Schweiggert‐Weisz Ute , Eisner Peter 
Published: June 2015

AbstractSoybean allergy is of great concern and continues to challenge both consumer and food industry. The present study investigates the enzyme‐assisted reduction in major soybean allergens in soy protein isolate using different food‐grade proteases, while maintaining or improving the sensory attributes and technofunctional properties. SDS‐PAGE analyses showed that hydrolysis with Alcalase, Pepsin, and Papain was most effective in the degradation of the major soybean allergens with proteolytic activities of 100%, 100%, and 95.9%, respectively. In the course of hydrolysis, the degree of hydrolysis increased, and Alcalase showed the highest degree of hydrolysis (13%) among the proteases tested. DSC analysis confirmed the degradation of major soybean allergens. The sensory experiments conducted by a panel of 10 panelists considered the overall improved sensory properties as well as the bitterness of the individual hydrolysates. In particular, Flavourzyme and Papain were attractive due to a less pronounced bitter taste and improved sensory profile (smell, taste, mouthfeeling). Technofunctional properties showed a good solubility at pH 7.0 and 4.0, emulsifying capacity up to 760 mL g−1 (Flavourzyme) as well as improved oil‐binding capacities, while the water‐binding properties were generally decreased. Increased foaming activity for all proteases up to 3582% (Pepsin) was observed, whereas lower foaming stability and density were found. The hydrolysates could potentially be used as hypoallergenic ingredients in a variety of food products due to their improved technofunctional properties and a pleasant taste.
Corruption costs lives: a cross‐country study using an IV approach
Authors: Lio Mon‐Chi , Lee Ming‐Hsuan 
Published: June 2015

SummaryThis study quantitatively estimates the effects of corruption on five major health indicators by using recent cross‐country panel data covering 119 countries for the period of 2005–2011. The corruption indicators provided by the World Bank and Transparency International are used, and both the two‐way fixed effect and the two‐stage least squares approaches are employed for our estimation. The estimation results show that, in general, corruption is negatively associated with a country's health outcomes. A lower level of corruption or a better control of corruption in a country can lead to longer life expectancy, a lower infant mortality rate and a lower under‐five mortality rate for citizens. However, our estimation finds no significant association between corruption and individual diseases including human immunodeficiency virus prevalence and tuberculosis incidence. The findings suggest that corruption reduction itself is an effective method to promote health. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The fabrication of double layer tubular vascular tissue engineering scaffold via coaxial electrospinning and its 3D cell coculture
Authors: Ye Lin , Cao Jie , Chen Lamei , Geng Xue , Zhang Ai‐Ying , Guo Lian‐Rui , Gu Yong‐Quan , Feng Zeng‐Guo 
Published: June 2015

AbstractA continuous electrospinning technique was applied to fabricate double layer tubular tissue engineering vascular graft (TEVG) scaffold. The luminal layer was made from poly(ɛ‐caprolac‐tone)(PCL) ultrafine fibers via common single axial electrospinning followed by the outer layer of core‐shell structured nanofibers via coaxial electrospinning. For preparing the outer layernano‐fibers, the PCL was electrospun into the shell and both bovine serum albumin (BSA) and tetrapeptide val‐gal‐pro‐gly (VAPG) were encapsulated into the core. The core‐shell structure in the outer layer fibers was observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The in vitro release tests exhibited the sustainable release behavior of BSA and VAPG so that they provided a better cell growth environment in the interior of tubular scaffold wall. The in vitro culture of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) demonstrated their potential to penetrate into the scaffold wall for the 3D cell culture. Subsequently, 3D cell coculture was conducted. First, SMCs were seeded on the luminal surface of the scaffold and cultured for 5 days, and then endothelial cells (ECs) were also seeded on the luminal surface and cocultured with SMCs for another 2 days. After stained with antibodies, 3D cell distribution on the scaffold was revealed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) where ECs were mainly located on the luminal surface whereas SMCs penetrated into the surface and distributed inside the scaffold wall. This double layer tubular scaffold with 3D cell distribution showed the promise to develop it into a novel TEVG for clinical trials in the near future. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3863–3871, 2015.
NF‐κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide inhibits wear particle‐induced inflammation in a murine calvarial model
Authors: Sato Taishi , Pajarinen Jukka , Lin Tzu‐hua , Tamaki Yasunobu , Loi Florence , Egashira Kensuke , Yao Zhenyu , Goodman Stuart B. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractWear particles induce periprosthetic inflammation and osteolysis through activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB), which up‐regulates the downstream target gene expression for proinflammatory cytokines in macrophages. It was hypothesized that direct suppression of NF‐κB activity in the early phases of this disorder could be a therapeutic strategy for preventing the inflammatory response to wear particles, potentially mitigating osteolysis. NF‐κB activity can be suppressed via competitive binding with double stranded NF‐κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) that blocks this transcription factor from binding to the promoter regions of targeted genes. In this murine calvarial study, clinically relevant polyethylene particles (PEs) with/without ODN were subcutaneously injected over the calvarial bone. In the presence of PE particles, macrophages migrated to the inflammatory site and induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression, resulting in an increase in the number of osteoclasts. Local injections of ODN mitigated the expression of TNF‐α, RANKL, and induced the expression of two anti‐inflammatory, antiresorptive cytokines: interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist and osteoprotegerin. Local intervention with NF‐κB decoy ODN in early cases of particle‐induced inflammation in which the prosthesis is still salvageable may potentially preserve periprosthetic bone stock. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 3872–3878, 2015.
Characterization of neopeptides in equine articular cartilage degradation
Authors: Peffers Mandy Jayne , Thornton David James , Clegg Peter David 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis is characterized by a loss of extracellular matrix that leads to cartilage degradation and joint space narrowing. Specific proteases, including the aggrecanases ADAMTS‐4 and matrix metalloproteinase 3, are important in initiating and promoting cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis. This study investigated protease‐specific and disease‐specific cleavage patterns of particular extracellular matrix proteins by comparing new peptide fragments, neopeptides, in specific exogenous protease‐driven digestion of a crude cartilage proteoglycan extract and an in‐vitro model of early osteoarthritis. Additionally, equine cartilage explants were treated with interleukin‐1 and the media collected. Proteolytic cleavage products following trypsin digestion were then identified using tandem mass spectrometry. Complete sequences of proteolytically cleaved neopeptides were determined for the major cartilage proteoglycans aggrecan, biglycan, decorin, fibromodulin plus cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. The generation of neopeptides varied with enzyme specificity; however, some peptides were common to all samples. Previous known and novel cleavage sites were identifies. The identification of novel peptide fragments provides a platform for the development of antibodies that could assist in the identification of biomarkers for osteoarthritis (OA), as well as the identification of basic biochemical processes underlying OA. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:106–120, 2016.