bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Externally visible fluorochrome marks and allometries of growing sea urchins
Authors: Johnson Amy S. , Salyers Jordan M. , Alcorn Nicholas J. , Ellers Olaf , Allen Jonathan D. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractExternally visible, growing calcitic structures can be marked using fluorochromes. Such marks are useful for field recapture studies in ecology, evolution, and aquaculture as well as for studies on mechanisms of growth and development. We marked 2‐month‐old sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) with the fluorochromes calcein, calcein blue, and tetracycline by batch‐marking via immersion. Neither growth nor survival was affected by marking. Marks were externally visible on the skeletal plates, demipyramids, and spines of 100% of the marked sea urchins up to 63 d post‐marking. After 342 d, marks were still externally visible on 100% of calcein‐marked, 98% of calcein blue‐marked, and 22% of tetracycline‐marked sea urchins. Marks were brightest on calcein‐marked and faintest on tetracycline‐marked sea urchins, in correspondence to the fluorochrome dose. Growth marks in the aboral oculogenital ring, followed for 333 d, showed that genital plate growth in the hoop direction was greatest adjacent to the anal suture and that both the oculogenital ring and periproct grew less than isometrically. Internal marks (not externally visible) were subsequently seen on 99% of the demipyramids at 342 d post‐marking. Such fluorochrome marks on demipyramids have previously been used to measure aboral and oral‐end demipyramid growth to allometrically calibrate diametrical growth rates of field sea urchins. We found that although aboral demipyramid marks were always clear, 13% of marks on the oral end were obscured. However, we show that measuring only aboral end growth is sufficient for allometric calibration. In a separate experiment, multiple marks of the above three fluorochromes plus alizarin complexone, administered by injection to larger (12.9–37.1 mm diameter) sea urchins, persisted internally for at least 2 years. Multi‐color, internally and externally visible, persistent marks will enhance experimental designs in laboratory, field, and common garden experiments.
Skin Grafting: Perioperative Technique and Management
Authors: SALASCHE COL STUART J. , FELDMAN BRUCE D. 
Published: June 2013

The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense.Abstract The transfer and successful “take” of a full‐thickness skin graft depends on the critical, early events leading toward graft revascularization. The paper discusses and illustrates operative technique as well as methodology of wound care and dressing design directed toward achieving such a goal.
Treatment of Telangiectasia: Comparison of Sclerosing Agents
Authors: CARLIN MARIE C. , RATZ JOHN LOUIS 
Published: June 2013

AbstractA double‐blind, double‐paired comparison, placebo‐controlled study was undertaken to determine the optimal agent for sclerotherapy of spider telangiec‐tasias of the lower extremities. Sodium tetradecyl sulfate 0.5%, polidocanol 0.25%, heparsal, and normal saline control were evaluated in terms of clinical effectiveness and patient acceptance. Although all of the agents, except for the control, were effective, polidocanol was found to have the fewest adverse reactions and afforded the greatest patient comfort.
A Biomechanical Evaluation of Three Drop Wire Configurations
Authors: Arango Johnattan , Lewis Daniel D. , Hudson Caleb C. , Horodyski MaryBeth 
Published: June 2013

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate effect of adding drop wires to single‐ring constructs.Study DesignBiomechanical studySample PopulationSingle ring circular external skeletal fixator constructs stabilizing a Delrin segment bone model.MethodsEight replicates of 5 constructs made with 66 mm complete rings, 1.6 mm olive wires, and a 15.9‐mm diameter Delrin rod were loaded in axial compression, craniocaudal and mediolateral bending, and torsion. Constructs tested were: (1) base single‐ring construct; (2) single‐ring construct with a drop wire mounted on fixation bolts; (3) single‐ring construct with a drop wire mounted on 1‐hole posts; (4) single‐ring construct with a drop wire mounted on 2‐hole posts; and (5) 2‐ring construct. Construct stiffness for each mode of loading was compared using repeated measures ANOVAs (P ≤ .05).ResultsAxial compression and torsion: the 2‐ring construct was stiffer than all others. Drop wire constructs were stiffer than the single‐ring construct, but not significantly different from each other. Craniocaudal bending: the 2‐ring construct was stiffest with the 2‐hole post construct being stiffer than all except the 2‐ring construct. Mediolateral bending: the 2‐hole post construct was stiffer than the 2‐ring construct, which was stiffer than the 1‐hole post construct, which was stiffer than the fixation‐bolt construct, which was stiffer than the single‐ring construct.ConclusionsDrop wires improved stiffness of single‐ring constructs in all loading modalities. Positioning the drop wire farther from the ring surface significantly improved craniocaudal and mediolateral bending stiffness, but did not affect axial compression and torsional stiffness.
Retinitis Pigmentosa: over‐expression of anti‐ageing protein Klotho in degenerating photoreceptors
Authors: Farinelli Pietro , Arango‐Gonzalez Blanca , Völkl Jakob , Alesutan Ioana , Lang Florian , Zrenner Eberhart , Paquet‐Durand François , Ekström Per A.R. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRetinitis Pigmentosa involves a hereditary degeneration of photoreceptors by as yet unresolved mechanisms. The secretable protein α‐Klotho has a function related to ageing processes, and α‐Klotho‐deficient mice have reduced lifespan and declining functions in several tissues. Here, we studied Klotho in connection with inherited photoreceptor degeneration. Increased nuclear immunostaining for α‐Klotho protein was seen in degenerating photoreceptors in four different Retinitis Pigmentosa models (rd1, rd2 mice; P23H, S334ter rhodopsin mutant rats). Correspondingly, in rd1 retina α‐Klotho mRNA expression was significantly up‐regulated. Moreover, immunostaining for another Klotho family protein, β‐Klotho, also co‐localized with degenerating rd1 photoreceptors. The rd1 retina displayed reduced levels of fibroblast growth factor 15, a member of the fibroblast growth factor subfamily for which Klotho acts as a co‐receptor. Exogenous α‐Klotho protein added to retinal explant cultures did not affect cell death in rd1 retinae, but caused a severe layer disordering in wild‐type retinae. Our study suggests Klotho as a novel player in the retina, with a clear connection to photoreceptor cell death as well as with an influence on retinal organization.
Melatonin ameliorates endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and systemic hypertension in rats with chronic intermittent hypoxia
Authors: Hung Ming‐Wai , Kravtsov Gennadi M. , Lau Chi‐Fai , Poon Angela Ming‐See , Tipoe George L. , Fung Man‐Lung 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe pathogenesis of hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with endothelial dysfunction induced by chronic intermittent hypoxia (IH). Studies have shown that administration of melatonin ameliorates oxidative injury and inflammation. This study examined the effect of melatonin on the oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation during the pathogenesis of hypertension in chronic IH. Adult Sprague‐Dawley rats that had received a daily injection of melatonin or vehicle were exposed to IH treatment mimicking a severe OSA condition for 14–21 days. Systolic pressure was significantly higher in the vehicle‐treated (144 ± 2.7 mmHg) but not in the melatonin‐treated rats (123 ± 5.1 mmHg) by 21–day IH treatment when compared with the normoxic control. Levels of malondialdehyde and the expressions of NADPH oxidase, pro‐inflammatory mediators (TNF‐α, inducible NO synthase, COX‐2), and adhesion molecules (ICAM‐1, VCAM‐1, and E‐selectin) of the thoracic aorta were markedly increased by 14‐day IH treatment preceding the hypertensive response. Also, levels of nitric oxide (NO˙), endothelial‐dependent relaxation, and the expressions of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and antioxidant enzymes (GPx, CAT, and Cu/Zn SOD) were significantly lowered in the IH rats. Melatonin treatment significantly mitigated the increased expression of NADPH oxidase, pro‐inflammatory mediators, and adhesion molecules. Moreover, melatonin prevented the endothelial dysfunction with ameliorated levels of NO˙, endothelial‐dependent relaxation, and expressions of eNOS and antioxidant enzymes. These results suggest that melatonin is protective against IH‐induced hypertension and endothelial dysfunction via an antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory mechanism.
The cooling rate of the El'gygytgyn impact glass
Authors: Rantzsch Ulrike , Haber Thomas , Klimm Detlef , Kloess Gert 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe thermal history of an impact glass from the El'gygytgyn impact structure, central Chukotka, Russia has been investigated with the method of relaxation geospeedometry. The cooling rate of the melt fragment has been quantified by heat capacity (cp) measurements using differential scanning calorimetry. Cycles of thermal treatments applied to the melt fragment sample result in a set of unique kinetic parameters, which were then used to model heat capacity curves. The Tool–Narayanaswamy–Moynihan approach was used to quantify the natural cooling rate from changes in the normalized heat capacity curves. Cooling rates ranging from 0.06 to 0.40 K min−1 were found by modeling the structural relaxation within the glass transition interval. Because of the absence of thermal reheating, a single natural annealing process is thought to have been responsible for the modeled cooling rate, even though a heat buffering process that affects the cooling history might have been involved. The El'gygytgyn impact glass cooled significantly slower than previously studied tektites and faster than most volcanic glasses. The calculated viscosity of log η = 10.75 ± 0.50 Pa s at the glass transition temperature Tgpeak (1020 K) supports this assumption. Consequently, a slow cooling process is accompanied by a high viscosity η.
Spatiotemporal regulation of Rho1 and Cdc42 activity during Candida albicans filamentous growth
Authors: Corvest Vincent , Bogliolo Stéphanie , Follette Peter , Arkowitz Robert A. , Bassilana Martine 
Published: June 2013

SummaryRho G‐proteins are critical for polarized growth, yet little is known about the dynamics of their activation during fungal filamentous growth. We first investigated the roles of Rho1 and Rho2 during Candida albicans filamentous growth. Our results show that Rho1 is required for invasive filamentous growth and that Rho2 is not functionally redundant with Rho1. Using fluorescent reporters, we examined the dynamics of the active form of Rho1 and Cdc42 during initiation and maintenance of hyphal growth. Quantitative analyses indicated that the distribution, but not the level, of these active G‐proteins is altered during initial polarization upon germ tube emergence. A comparison of the dynamics of these active G‐proteins during budding and hyphal growth indicates that a higher concentration of active Cdc42 was recruited to the germ tube tip than to the bud tip. During hyphal elongation, active Cdc42 remained tightly restricted to the hyphal tip, whereas active Rho1 was broadly associated with the apex and subsequently recruited to the cell division site. Furthermore, our data suggest that phosphoinositide‐bis‐phosphates are critical to stabilize active Rho1 at the growth site. Together, our results point towards different regulation of Cdc42 and Rho1 activity during initiation and maintenance of filamentous growth.
Characterization of Monocyte‐Derived Dendritic Cells from Immunosuppressed Renal Transplant Recipients with and without Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Sandvik L. F. , Volchenkov R. , Jonsson R. , Appel S. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractRenal transplant recipients (RTR) have a high risk of tumour development, especially cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), due to long‐term immunosuppressive therapy. RTR may develop multiple lesions over short time periods, and these are often more aggressive with a higher risk of local recurrence and metastasis resulting in increased morbidity and mortality in these patients. Therefore, we took the first step towards evaluating the possibility of generating a therapeutic vaccine based on monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (moDC) for these patients. We analysed the phenotype and cytokine/chemokine profile of moDC from long‐term immunosuppressed RTR with and without previous SCC. The number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated per ml blood as well as the efficiency of generating moDC from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was similar in patients and immunocompetent controls. Phenotype and cytokine/chemokine profile of the moDC from immunosuppressed patients were similar to those from immunocompetent controls, making moDC‐based immunotherapy a potential future treatment option for RTR with multiple SCC.
A messenger at the door: cytomegalovirus retinitis in myeloma patients with progressive disease
Authors: Teh B.W. , Khot A.S. , Harrison S.J. , Prince H.M. , Slavin M.A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is an uncommon manifestation of CMV disease and is a marker of severe and profound immunosuppression in human immunodeficiency virus‐positive patients. Here, we describe 2 cases of CMV retinitis in myeloma patients with progressive disease, following autologous stem cell transplantation and immunomodulatory therapy for myeloma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV retinitis in this patient population. This report illustrates the need for close monitoring of relapsed and refractory myeloma patients for new presentations of opportunistic infections secondary to severe immunosuppression.
Return behavior of occasional and multigallon blood donors: the role of theory of planned behavior, self‐identity, and organizational variables
Authors: Wevers Anne , Wigboldus Daniël H.J. , van Baaren Rick , Veldhuizen Ingrid J.T. 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundFor blood establishments it is important that blood donors return for a donation. Past research has stressed the importance of theory of planned behavior (TPB) on return behavior, but self‐identity (SI) and organizational variables (OVs) might play a role as well. This study added SI and OVs to the TPB to identify the determinants for return behavior.Study Design and MethodsWhole blood donors (n = 2005) completed a questionnaire assessing TPB, SI, and OVs. OVs contained “perceived satisfaction with the blood bank” and “feeling pressure from the blood bank to donate blood.” Return behavior over the past 2 years was dichotomized as low return (0%‐50%) versus high return (51%‐100%). Logistic regression analyses assessed the effects of TPB, SI, and OVs on high return, separately for occasional donors (two to 10 lifetime donations) and multigallon donors (>10 lifetime donations).ResultsResults showed that, for all donors, affective attitude was positively associated with return behavior, whereas pressure to donate blood was negatively associated with return behavior. The point estimates of self‐efficacy, SI, and perceived satisfaction are high for multigallon donors, but do not reach significance.ConclusionFor all donors, positive feelings about donating blood stimulate return behavior, while experiencing a pressure to donate blood emanating from the blood bank was not beneficial. Results suggest that multigallon donors are more stimulated to return when they score higher on self‐efficacy, SI, and perceived satisfaction. Interventions aiming at donor retention need to be carefully formulated to avoid negative effects of feeling pressure to donate blood.
Fracture patterns in the Permian Magnesian Limestone Aquifer, Co. Durham, UK
Authors: Kortas Lukasz , Younger Paul L. 
Published: June 2013

Summary:
Fractures constitute some of the most permeable groundwater migration pathways. The directional regularity of fracture sets largely determines the hydraulic anisotropy (single- or multi-directional) of fractured rocks. Knowledge of the preferential directions of possible water flow and pollutant migration paths along fracture-controlled azimuths is useful for understanding the flow patterns and spread of pollutants in a given aquifer. Yet systematic regional fracture mapping is still rare in hydrogeological studies. To assist in ongoing predictive modelling of mine water pollution plume migration within the Magnesian Limestone Aquifer (Permian) in County Durham, U.K., a survey was undertaken of basic fracture characteristics, including angles of dip, strike directions, aperture and frequency. These parameters were measured both in natural exposures and working quarries across the outcrop of the aquifer in the study area. Scrutiny of the measurements reveals the presence of two major fracture sets, one oriented WNW to NNW and the other oriented NNE to ENE. These are likely to be extensional joints, with perhaps a few minor faults, that form reasonably consistent conjugate sets distributed across the Permian outcrop, and suggest that the permeability tensor in the aquifer is also likely to have axes oriented with maxima trending NNE to ENE. This is only slightly oblique to the general eastward trend of groundwater flow towards the coast, suggesting a mild tendency to sinistral preference in transverse dispersivity.
Multimodel Detection and Attribution of Extreme Temperature Changes
Authors: Min Seung-Ki , Zhang Xuebin , Zwiers Francis , Shiogama Hideo , Tung Yu-Shiang , Wehner Michael 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Recent studies have detected anthropogenic influences due to increases in greenhouse gases on extreme temperature changes during the latter half of the twentieth century at global and regional scales. Most of the studies, however, were based on a limited number of climate models and also separation of anthropogenic influence from natural factors due to changes in solar and volcanic activities remains challenging at regional scales. Here, the authors conduct optimal fingerprinting analyses using 12 climate models integrated under anthropogenic-only forcing or natural plus anthropogenic forcing. The authors compare observed and simulated changes in annual extreme temperature indices of coldest night and day (TNn and TXn) and warmest night and day (TNx and TXx) from 1951 to 2000. Spatial domains from global mean to continental and subcontinental regions are considered and standardization of indices is employed for better intercomparisons between regions and indices. The anthropogenic signal is detected in global and northern continental means of all four indices, albeit less robustly for TXx, which is consistent with previous findings. The detected anthropogenic signals are also found to be separable from natural forcing influence at the global scale and to a lesser extent at continental and subcontinental scales. Detection occurs more frequently in TNx and TNn than in other indices, particularly at smaller scales, supporting previous studies based on different methods. A combined detection analysis of daytime and nighttime temperature extremes suggests potential applicability to a multivariable assessment.
Low expression of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma correlates with a poor prognosis
Authors: Cao Wei , Yu Guozheng , Lu Qiang , Zhang Juliang 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

Background
It is currently unclear whether a correlation exists between N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) expression and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of this study was to examine the underlying clinical significance of NDRG2 expression in ESCC patients and to investigate the effects of NDRG2 up-regulation on ESCC cell growth in vitro and in vivo.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the level of NDRG2 expressions in ESCC tissue, which was then compared to specific clinicopathological features in the patient and tissue specimens. Factors associated with patient survival were analysed. Moreover, the effects of up-regulating NDRG2 expression on the growth of an ESCC cell line were examined by MTT, colony formation, DNA replication activity and nude mouse model assays.

Results
Notably low expression of NDRG2 in ESCC patients was inversely associated with clinical stage, NM classification, histological differentiation and patients’ vital status (all P < 0.05). ESCC patients expressing high levels of NDRG2 exhibited a substantially higher 5-year overall survival rate than NDRG2-negative patients. Furthermore, NDRG2 over-expression reduced the proliferation, colony formation and DNA replication activity in ESCC cells, as well as inhibiting the growth of ESCC cells in vivo.

Conclusion
The present experiments demonstrated that NDRG2 may be a diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with ESCC, and up-regulation of NDRG2 might act as a promising therapeutic strategy for aggressive ESCC.
Assessment of primary health care received by the elderly and health related quality of life: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Honorato dos Santos de Carvalho Vivian C , Rossato Sinara L , Fuchs Flávio D , Harzheim Erno , Fuchs Sandra C 
Published: June 2013

AbstractBackgroundPopulation aging leads to increased burden of chronic diseases and demand in public health. This study aimed to assess whether the score of Primary Health Care (PHC) is associated with a) the model of care - Family Health Strategy (FHS)vs. traditional care model (the Basic Health Units; BHU); b) morbid conditions such as - hypertension, diabetes mellitus, mental disorders, chronic pain, obesity and central obesity; c) quality of life in elderly individuals who received care in those units.MethodsA survey was conducted among the elderly between August 2010 and August 2011, in Ilheus, Bahia. We interviewed elderly patients - 60 years or older - who consulted at BHU or FHS units in that day or participated in a group activity, and those who were visited at home by the staff of PHC, selected through a random sample. Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, services’ attainment of primary care attributes, health problems and quality of life were investigated. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) was used to assess quality of life and PCATool to generate PHC scores. In addition, weight, height and waist circumference were measured. Trained research assistants, under supervision performed the data collection.ResultsA total of 511 elderly individuals were identified, two declined to participate, resulting in 509 individuals interviewed. The health care provided by the FHS has higher attainment of PHC attributes, in comparison to the BHU, resulting in lower prevalence of score below six. Except for hypertension and cardiovascular disease, other chronic problems were not independently associated with low scores in PHC. It was observed an independent and positive association between PHC score and the mental component of quality of life and an inverse association with the physical component.ConclusionsThis study showed higher PHC attributes attainment in units with FHS, regardless of the health problem. The degree of orientation to PHC increased the mental component score of quality of life.