bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New targets for new therapeutic approaches
Authors: François Bruno 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBecause of its resistance profiles, Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains probably one of the challenging bacteria responsible for ventilator-associated pneumonia in the ICU. Nevertheless, a much better understanding of its mechanism of virulence, such as the type 3 secretion system that can also impact on resistance, gives some opportunities for management improvement. The most promising approach is probably the production of monoclonal antibodies that enable not only more targeted treatments but also development of some early preemptive approaches at the time of colonization through real-time diagnosis.
Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 expressed in cancer cells promotes mammary tumor growth and metastasis
Authors: Mahauad-Fernandez Wadie D , DeMali Kris A , Olivier Alicia K , Okeoma Chioma M 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Several innate immunity genes are overexpressed in human cancers and their roles remain controversial. Bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST-2) is one such gene whose role in cancer is not clear. BST-2 is a unique innate immunity gene with both antiviral and pro-tumor functions and therefore can serve as a paradigm for understanding the roles of other innate immunity genes in cancers.

Methods
Meta-analysis of tumors from breast cancer patients obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets were evaluated for levels of BST-2 expression and for tumor aggressiveness. In vivo, we examined the effect of knockdown of BST-2 in two different murine carcinoma cells on tumor growth, metastasis, and survival. In vitro, we assessed the effect of carcinoma cell BST-2 knockdown and/or overexpression on adhesion, anchorage-independent growth, migration, and invasion.

Results
BST-2 in breast tumors and mammary cancer cells is a strong predictor of tumor size, tumor aggressiveness, and host survival. In humans, BST-2 mRNA is elevated in metastatic and invasive breast tumors. In mice, orthotopic implantation of mammary tumor cells lacking BST-2 increased tumor latency, decreased primary tumor growth, reduced metastases to distal organs, and prolonged host survival. Furthermore, we found that the cellular basis for the role of BST-2 in promoting tumorigenesis include BST-2-directed enhancement in cancer cell adhesion, anchorage-independency, migration, and invasion.

Conclusions
BST-2 contributes to the emergence of neoplasia and malignant progression of breast cancer. Thus, BST-2 may (1) serve as a biomarker for aggressive breast cancers, and (2) be a novel target for breast cancer therapeutics.
A multidisciplinary approach to the investigation of “La Caverna dell’Antimateria” (1958–1959) by Pinot Gallizio
Authors: Bartolozzi Giovanni , Cucci Costanza , Marchiafava Veronica , Masi Susanna , Picollo Marcello , Grifoni Emanuela , Legnaioli Stefano , Lorenzetti Giulia , Pagnotta Stefano , Palleschi Vincenzo , Di Girolamo Francesca , La Nasa Jacopo , Modugno Francesca , Colombini Maria Perla 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Background
This study concerns the application of non-invasive and micro-invasive analyses for the study of a contemporary artwork entitled La Caverna dell’Antimateria (“The Cave of Antimatter”) which was created by Pinot Gallizio in 1958–1959. The work represents one of the most significant examples of industrial painting. It consists of a total of 145 meters of painted canvas, designed in order to cover the entire floor plan of the René Drouin gallery in Paris, where it was displayed for the first time. Gallizio wanted to create an environment in which visitors could find themselves immersed in painting, in what he termed as a “work-environment”.
Non-invasive (Fibre Optic Reflectance Spectroscopy) and micro-invasive analyses (Fourier Transform Infrared and micro-Raman Spectroscopies, Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry) were performed on three of the canvases which constitute this work of art in order to obtain information regarding the artistic materials used by Gallizio.

Results
Pigments and unconventional materials (such as metal wires, sand) are present in the canvases that form the ceiling. The colours are unevenly distributed on the surface, thus revealing large areas of the white preparation below. In the canvas of the wall, instead, the paint is applied more uniformly and gives a dark colour cast. The analytical results led to the identification of many of the materials used by Gallizio. The pictorial palette consists of both inorganic and organic pigments, while polyvinylacetate, pure or mixed with a siccative oil, was identified as a binder thus confirming what was reported by the artist in his notes.

Conclusions
The results of this research provide information concerning the artistic technique used by Pinot Gallizio. The analyses were successfully performed both in situ and on micro-samples in order to characterise the pigments of the coloured area, the ground layer and the organic binders.
Frequency of delusional infestation by proxy and double
delusional infestation in veterinary practice: Observational
study
Authors: Lepping Peter , Rishniw Mark , Freudenmann Roland W. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundNothing is known about the prevalence of delusional infestation in
veterinary practice and the consequences for psychiatrists.AimsWe attempted to examine the frequency of delusional infestation among pet
owners presenting their animals to veterinary clinics.MethodWe conducted a survey among 32 663 veterinary clinicians who were members
of the Veterinary Information Network.ResultsThe respondents had seen 724 suspected cases of delusional infestation by
proxy in a pet. The clients were mainly White, female and 30–60 years
old. They presented mainly dogs and cats, and the alleged infestation was
mainly with arthropods or worms. Also, 252 clients claimed to be affected
themselves; we termed this ‘double delusional infestation’.ConclusionsDelusional infestation is seen frequently in veterinary practice.
Psychiatrists need to be aware that patients may have pets they believe
are infested.
Glucocorticoids Regulate the Metabolic Hormone FGF21 in a Feed-Forward Loop
Authors: Patel Rucha , Bookout Angie L. , Magomedova Lilia , Owen Bryn M. , Consiglio Giulia P. , Shimizu Makoto , Zhang Yuan , Mangelsdorf David J. , Kliewer Steven A. , Cummins Carolyn L. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHormones such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and glucocorticoids (GCs) play crucial roles in coordinating the adaptive starvation response. Here we examine the interplay between these hormones. It was previously shown that FGF21 induces corticosterone levels in mice by acting on the brain. We now show that this induces the expression of genes required for GC synthesis in the adrenal gland. FGF21 also increases corticosterone secretion from the adrenal in response to ACTH. We further show that the relationship between FGF21 and GCs is bidirectional. GCs induce Fgf21 expression in the liver by acting on the GC receptor (GR). The GR binds in a ligand-dependent manner to a noncanonical GR response element located approximately 4.4 kb upstream of the Fgf21 transcription start site. The GR cooperates with the nuclear fatty acid receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α, to stimulate Fgf21 transcription. GR and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α ligands have additive effects on Fgf21 expression both in vivo and in primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes. We conclude that FGF21 and GCs regulate each other's production in a feed-forward loop and suggest that this provides a mechanism for bypassing negative feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to allow sustained gluconeogenesis during starvation.
A Green and Biocompatible Magnetically Powered Nickel–Flagella Nanomotor
Authors: Shitanda Isao , Terashima Masaki , Sattayasamitsathit Sirilak , Hoshi Yoshinao , Itagaki Masayuki 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
A fuel-free, magnetically driven nickel–algal flagella nanomotor was developed. The nanomotor was readily prepared using a streptavidin-coated Au/Ni/Au nanowire and biotinylated-isolated flagella obtained from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The nanomotor exhibited defined locomotion parallel to the magnetic field axis, with a speed of 14 µm s−1. The nanomotor was found to capture a magnetic particle smoothly and to transport the particle efficiently.
First Total Synthesis of (+)-Podophyllic Aldehydes
Authors: Ito Junki , Sakuma Daichi , Nishii Yoshinori 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The first total synthesis of three (+)-podophyllic aldehydes was achieved in a highly enantiocontrolled manner. Key steps include the organocatalyzed highly enantioselective cyclopropanation and Lewis acid-mediated chiral transfer ring expansion with excellent level of stereoinduction. This method can alternatively provide (+)- and (−)-podophyllic aldehydes by switching the organocatalyst in the asymmetric cyclopropanation.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of complications following the posterior and lateral surgical approaches to total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Berstock JR , Blom AW , Beswick AD 
Published: December 2014

Introduction Total hip arthroplasty is one of the most commonly performed orthopaedic procedures. Despite this, medical evidence to inform the choice of surgical approach is lacking. Currently in the UK, the two most frequently performed approaches to the hip are the posterior and the direct lateral. Methods This systematic review was performed according to Cochrane guidelines following an extensive search for prospective controlled trials published in any language before January 2014. Of the 728 records identified from searches, 6 prospective studies (including 3 randomised controlled trials) involving 517 participants provided data towards this review. Findings Compared with the lateral approach, the posterior approach conferred a significant reduction in the risk of Trendelenburg gait (odds ratio [OR]: 0.31, p=0.0002) and stem malposition (OR: 0.24, p=0.02), and a non-significant reduction in dislocation (OR: 0.37, p=0.16) and heterotopic ossification (OR: 0.41, p=0.13). Neither approach conferred a functional advantage. We draw attention to the paucity of evidence and the need for a further randomised trial.
Young Hungarian’s constructions of active citizenship: Theoretical models and real-world voices
Authors: Ridley Rebecca , Fulop Márta 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We explore how young Hungarians construct active citizenship in a context of political discontent and social and economic uncertainty. From research conducted in the autumn of 2012, we link up young Hungarians voices to the much debated theoretical models of citizenship. We find that while these young people’s abstract and normative constructions of active citizenship tend to resonate with a duty-based ‘communitarian’ model of citizenship, their opinions on social and political issues echo a more ‘critical’ model of citizenship, which lays emphasis on equality and social justice. Additional themes to emerge, and of which may be a hindrance to political participation, include: the view that demonstrating is ‘bad’; and, that young people construct themselves and their peers as ‘non-citizens’. We argue that in order to help overcome this passive and non-agentic perception of democratic citizenship, citizenship education in schools should be combined with purposely reflective youth debates on what it means to be a young person in Hungary now.
Digital switchover in Serbia in a comparative perspective
Authors: Krstić Aleksandra 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The deadline for the transition from analogue to digital broadcasting in Serbia is scheduled for June 2015. The aim of this article is to present the development of the digitalization process in Serbia from 2006 until 2014, and the current state a year prior to the deadline for analogue broadcasting switch-off. Considering technical, legislative, broadcasting, economic and social aspects of the process, this article argues that digital switchover in Serbia has been delayed due to the state’s inconsistent decision-making regarding the transition to digital and the lack of preparedness of each of the state, broadcasters and citizens. The delay in analogue switch-off shall be discussed in comparison with the digital transition in the successor states of the former Yugoslavia: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, countries that share common historical, social and cultural contexts with Serbia.
Reviews
Authors: Tanner Giles , Haynes Richard , Ala-Fossi Marko 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
The Independence of the Media and its Regulatory Agencies – Shedding new Light on Formal and Actual Independence Against the National Contexts, Wolfgang Schulz, Peggy Valcke and Kristina Irion (eds) (2013) Bristol: Intellect, 381 pp., ISBN: 9781841507330, p/bk, £25.
The Political Economy of Television Sports Rights, Tom Evens, Petros Iosifidis and Paul Smith (2013) Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 267 pp., ISBN: 9781137275646, h/bk, £58.
Radio’s Digital Dilemma: Broadcasting in the Twenty-First Century, John Nathan Anderson (2013) New York: Routledge, 188 pp., ISBN: 9780415656122, h/bk, $125.
Internacionalização da Educação Superior: Um Estudo com Alunos Intercambistas de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior do Brasil
Authors: Sena Andrelina Pimentel de , Matos Fátima Regina Ney , Machado Diego de Queiroz , Sena Augusto Marcos Carvalho de 
Published: December 2014

O tema central dessa pesquisa é a internacionalização da educação, focando na experiência de discentes envolvidos em programas de intercâmbio acadêmico. Seu objetivo consistiu em investigar as implicações da participação em programas de intercâmbios acadêmicos internacionais no processo de qualificação de discentes. Desse modo, esta pesquisa seguiu a linha de outros trabalhos realizados, optando por concentrar sua análise da temática de internacionalização de instituições de ensino superior em uma universidade brasileira, no caso, a Universidade de Fortaleza (UNIFOR), que participa de programas de intercâmbio acadêmico com instituições de ensino internacionais. Em suma, os dados coletados mostraram que as dificuldades encontradas pelos intercambistas, brasileiros e estrangeiros, estavam relacionadas à comunicação, pois a maioria dos alunos não se considerava fluente no idioma do país de chegada. Foram percebidas diferenças significativas no sistema de ensino. As diferenças foram consideradas benéficas tanto para o desempenho acadêmico quanto profissional. Na percepção dos brasileiros, a relação professor-aluno é caracterizada pelo formalismo. A familiaridade com a cultura local foi comum aos brasileiros e aos estrangeiros. A experiência de participar do intercâmbio foi considerada ótima e boa para todos os alunos.
Influence of ABO type on global coagulation assay results: effect of coagulation factor VIII
Authors: Choi Qute , Kim Ji-Eun , Kim Seon Young , Han Kyou Sup , Kim Hyun Kyung 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAs ABO blood type influences the plasma level of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII), it likely also affects activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and thrombin generation assay (TGA) values. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of ABO type on the normal values of three global coagulation assays: prothrombin time (PT), aPTT, and TGA.PT, aPTT, TGA [1 or 5 pmol/L tissue factor (TF)], coagulation factors, anticoagulation factors, and ABO type were measured in 200 healthy adults.aPTT was significantly prolonged in those with type O compared with those with type non-O, whereas PT was not significantly different between those with type O and type non-O. The time to peak induced by 5 pmol/L TF was significantly prolonged, and the peak thrombin level was decreased in those with type O compared with those with type non-O. FVIII was a major contributor to the ABO-specific reference range of aPTT, 5 pmol/L TF-induced time to peak, and peak thrombin level.The reference ranges of aPTT and TGA (time to peak and peak thrombin level) differed by ABO type. FVIII level is considered a major contributor to ABO type-specific differences with respect to aPTT and TGA.
Identification of nonlinear heat conduction laws
Authors: Egger Herbert , Pietschmann Jan-Frederik , Schlottbom Matthias 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
We consider the identification of nonlinear heat conduction laws in stationary and instationary heat transfer problems.
Only a single additional measurement of the temperature on a curve on the boundary is required to determine the unknown parameter function on the range of observed temperatures.
We first present a new proof of Cannon's uniqueness result for the stationary case, which allows us to derive a corresponding stability estimate, and then extend our argument to instationary problems which are close to steady state.
Multiple Requests in Arabic as a Second Language
Authors: Roever Carsten , Al-Gahtani Saad 
Published: December 2014

AbstractResearch in second language pragmatics is increasingly investigating the sequential organization of interaction and how it might be affected by second language learners’ developing proficiency. In this paper, we are focusing on a specific aspect of request organization, namely multiple requests. Through data from natural interaction and role plays, we found that multiple requests occurred in a single turn, either as an original request and its same-format reiteration bracketing accounts and explanations or as repetitions with a more complex and polite format. Multiple requests across turns served a repair function. We argue that same-turn multiple requests are recipient designed to increase the likelihood of acceptance. Higher-level learners of Arabic were more likely to produce multiple requests in the same turn than low-level learners whereas the latter exhibited more multiple requests across turns. The data collection method did not have a discernible effect on findings.
Modelling and solvability of a class steady-state
metal-forming problems
Authors: Angelov T. A. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
For a class of steady-state metal-forming problems,
with rigid-plastic, incompressible, strain-rate dependent
material model and with unilateral contact and
nonlocal Coulomb’s frictional boundary conditions, a variational
inequality formulation is derived and by proving
the convergence of a modified secant-modulus method, existence
and uniqueness results are obtained. A finite element
- modified secant-modulus computational algorithm
is developed and applied for solving illustrative problems.
Nanoparticles via Oil-in-Water Microemulsions: a Solvent-Reduced, Energy-Efficient Approach
Authors: Stubenrauch Cosima , König Ramona , Schlick Christian , Sigle Wilfried 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
This paper deals with the synthesis of Pt and
Pt/Pb nanoparticles via oil-in-water
microemulsions. Studying systematically the phase behavior of
microemulsions which contain metal precursors, it was possible to
determine the influence of the metal precursors on the phase behavior
of the base microemulsion. It was found that the addition of
Pb(ethylhexanoate)2 to the microemulsion shifts the phase
boundaries to slightly lower temperatures, while adding
dimethyl-(cyclooctadiene) platinum has no effect on the phase
boundaries. SAXS measurements confirmed that the addition of the
metal precursors does not influence the size of the microemulsion
droplets along the emulsification failure boundary. Using transmission
electron microscopy (TEM) we found that by increasing the oil content
w
B in the microemulsion from 0.04 to 0.08 the size of
the resulting mono- and bimetallic Pt and Pt/Pb
nanoparticles changes from 3 to 4.4 nm.
From first symptoms to final diagnosis of Cushing's disease: experiences of 176 patients
Authors: Kreitschmann-Andermahr Ilonka , Psaras Tsambika , Tsiogka Maria , Starz Daniel , Kleist Bernadette , Siegel Sonja , Milian Monika , Kohlmann Johannes , Menzel Christa , Führer-Sakel Dagmar , Honegger Jürgen , Sure Ulrich , Müller Oliver , Buchfelder Michael 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo obtain structured information on the diagnostic delay in patients with Cushing's disease (CD) from the patients perspective to provide leverage points for earlier diagnosis.DesignThe study includes 176 patients with ACTH-dependent CD who had received pituitary surgery completed a self-developed questionnaire on their symptomatology before the illness was diagnosed, the course and length of the diagnostic process, and the role of the involved health care professionals.MethodsData were analyzed statistically. Answers in free text options were categorized and counted.ResultsThe overall diagnostic process took 3.8±4.8 years (median 2 years), during which 4.6±3.8 (1–30) physicians were consulted, most frequently the family physician (FP; 83.0%). The presented symptoms were various and often vague, e.g. ‘poor general condition’ (at FPs), or very common in the field of the visited specialist (i.e. ‘skin changes’ at dermatologists). Women recognized the first CD symptoms themselves significantly more frequently than men, whereas physicians recognized CD symptoms significantly more frequently in males.ConclusionA clear difficulty of diagnosing CD seems that patients describe isolated symptoms to the FP or the respective specialists according to their fields of specialization. As FPs are contacted most frequently, they should be trained to recognize the broad spectrum of CD symptoms, especially in female patients with weight gain, and initiate endocrinological referral.
Mathematical Modeling of Drilling Operations by Use of Nitrogen-Enriched Mud: A Case Study by Use of a Recorded Drilling Data-Set
Authors: Cayeux E.. , Kucs R.. , Gibson N.. 
Published: December 2014

Summary
When drilling in an arid region through heavily fractured formations, it can be very challenging to manage drilling-fluid losses and at the same time maintain a downhole-pressure gradient that is compatible with the very-low geopressure gradient windows that are typically encountered in those drilling conditions. Nitrogen-enriched drilling muds may provide a good solution to both problems; however, the properties—such as density, rheology, specific-heat capacity, and thermal conductivity—of this type of drilling fluid are highly dependent on temperature and pressure, and in most cases those characteristics cannot be measured in situ, making it difficult to estimate the actual downhole-pressure conditions.
The approach described in this paper consists of the reconstruction of the drilling-fluid-mix properties from the characteristics of its components and the incorporation of the resulting pressure- and temperature-dependent constitutive laws into a real-time multiphase- and multicomponent-drilling hydraulic model to estimate the downhole pressures along the drillstring and borehole as a function of the drilling parameters.
Because of the uncertainty of some of the characteristics of the components of the drilling fluid as well as their actual proportion in the mix, the modeled values are only valid within a certain accuracy. Stochastic simulations are made during the estimation of the downhole pressures to ascertain the precision of the calculations. As a consequence, by comparing the obtained interval of confidence on the estimations with actual measurements, it is possible to evaluate whether the drilling conditions are normal or deteriorating.
The validity and performance of the derived fluid-model extension are tested by use of a real-time data set recorded during the drilling of a well in the Erbril area of the Kurdish region of Iraq, by use of the wellsite information transfer standard markup language drilling-data-exchange protocol. The model results are reviewed and compared with the actual measurements recorded during the drilling operations. The potential sources of limitation, discrepancy, or error between the modeled and observed well and fluid behavior are discussed, along with potential explanations for the observed wellbore physics seen in the recorded-data feed.