bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crown fires remove a fire-sensitive canopy dominant from oak-juniper woodlands: results from long-term monitoring of wildfires
Authors: Reemts Charlotte M. , Picinich Carla , Sperry Jinelle H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
In central Texas, re-sprouting oaks (Quercus spp.) co-occur with non-resprouting Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei) in a mosaic of fire-dependent (oak savanna) and fire-sensitive (oak-juniper woodland) habitats. The region’s mature woodlands are the only nesting habitat for the endangered golden-cheeked warbler (Setophaga chrysoparia). We studied long-term recovery of woodland structure and species composition after single and repeated crown fires on three soil types (mesa, slope, and deep savanna soils).

Results
On once-burned sites, density and basal area of non-juniper trees (all woody species except juniper) reached or exceeded unburned levels after 14–24 years, indicating successful recruitment (24 years vs unburned, mesa: 481 ± 254 vs 155 ± 137 stems ha−1, 2 ± 1 vs 1 ± 2 m2 ha−1; slope: 910 ± 330 vs 251 ± 103 stems ha−1, 5 ± 2 vs 3 ± 2 m2 ha−1). Ashe juniper, however, remained mostly absent from burned woodlands (juniper tree density, 24 years vs unburned, mesa: 6 ± 10 vs 691 ± 410 stems ha−1; slope: 20 ± 17 vs 731 ± 183 stems ha−1) and total basal area was 47–87% lower than in unburned areas. In formerly fire-suppressed savannas, non-juniper tree density exceeded unburned levels and juniper density recovered the most (24 years vs unburned, non-juniper: 679 ± 250 vs 251 ± 103 stems ha−1; juniper: deep: 50 ± 71 vs 317 ± 297 stems ha−1). Juniper trees were still absent from twice-burned sites in year 11 and understory density was recovering more slowly, at least on slopes (one fire: 224 ± 206 stems ha−1; two fires: 26 ± 47 stems ha−1). Juniper recovery was correlated with distance to the wildfire perimeter, suggesting that regeneration is limited in part by dispersal.

Conclusions
We found successful recruitment of resprouting hardwood species after one and two crown fires, likely due to the low deer densities at Fort Cavazos. In fire-suppressed oak savannas, a single crown fire did not restore savanna structure and Ashe juniper is slowly re-establishing. Long-term restoration of a savanna on these soils will require additional treatments, like repeated prescribed fire. In oak-juniper woodlands, crown fires removed the fire-sensitive Ashe juniper from canopy co-dominance for decades, making the woodlands unsuitable as habitat for golden-cheeked warblers. Given the long-term consequences of crown fires for golden-cheeked warbler habitat, existing mature oak-juniper woodlands should be protected from crown fire.
Salmonella and the chicken: reflections on salmonellosis and its control in the United Kingdom
Authors: Wigley Paul 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe association between Salmonella with chicken meat and eggs is the best-known source of a foodborne infection and its livestock reservoir. Whilst expansion of intensive farming and globalisation of the industry have facilitated its spread, Salmonella has an impressive toolkit that allows its colonisation and survival in the harsh environment of both the gut and egg. After infection in chickens Salmonella can pass through the pH of the stomach and, through adhesins such as fimbriae, are able to attach to the gut wall. Within the intestines, diverse metabolic pathways mean Salmonella can utilise a range of nutrients and elicit inflammation that releases oxygen to help its colonisation process through competition with the strict anaerobes in the gut. Certain Salmonella are also able to colonise the reproductive tract and pass into developing eggs in the ovary or oviduct prior to the addition of the egg-shell. Salmonella is also able to withstand high levels of antimicrobial peptides and antibody within eggs.A range of controls including vaccination, microbial-based products, coupled with improvements to hygiene and biosecurity, have all played a role in reducing Salmonella-foodborne illness associated with chicken consumption in Europe, though no single method is a ‘magic bullet’ of complete control. New variants, including antimicrobial resistant variants, such as Salmonella Typhimurium ST34 and its monophasic variants, pose a constant threat. In addition, serovars such as Salmonella Kentucky, associated with feed contamination but not protected by current vaccines, pose specific difficulties for control.A clear understanding of the infection biology of Salmonella can help underpin the development and application of controls, while areas of new understanding, such as the role and potential exploitation of the microbiome, offer up potentially novel controls. This all requires maintenance of surveillance systems and risk-based approaches to keep effective control of the Salmonella in chicken production.
Social Genomic Determinants of Health: Understanding the Molecular Pathways by Which Neighborhood Disadvantage Affects Cancer Outcomes
Authors: Goel Neha , Hernandez Alexandra , Cole Steven W. 
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE
Neighborhoods represent complex environments with unique social, cultural, physical, and economic attributes that have major impacts on disparities in health, disease, and survival. Neighborhood disadvantage is associated with shorter breast cancer recurrence-free survival (RFS) independent of individual-level (race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, insurance, tumor characteristics) and health system-level determinants of health (receipt of guideline-concordant treatment). This persistent disparity in RFS suggests unaccounted mechanisms such as more aggressive tumor biology among women living in disadvantaged neighborhoods compared with advantaged neighborhoods. The objective of this article was to provide a clear framework and biological mechanistic explanation for how neighborhood disadvantage affects cancer survival.

METHODS
Development of a translational epidemiological framework that takes a translational disparities approach to study cancer outcome disparities through the lens of social genomics and social epigenomics.

RESULTS
The social genomic determinants of health, defined as the physiological gene regulatory pathways (ie, neural/endocrine control of gene expression and epigenetic processes) through which contextual factors, particularly one's neighborhood, can affect activity of the cancer genome and the surrounding tumor microenvironment to alter disease progression and treatment outcomes.

CONCLUSION
We propose a novel, multilevel determinants of health model that takes a translational epidemiological approach to evaluate the interplay between political, health system, social, psychosocial, individual, and social genomic determinants of health to understand social disparities in oncologic outcomes. In doing so, we provide a concrete biological pathway through which the effects of social processes and social epidemiology come to affect the basic biology of cancer and ultimately clinical outcomes and survival.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery With Versus Without Neoadjuvant Endovascular Embolization for Brain Arteriovenous Malformations With Associated Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Becerril-Gaitan Andrea , Nguyen Justin , Lee Cheng-Chia , Ding Dale , Cifarelli Christopher P. , Liscak Roman , Williams Brian J. , Yusuf Mehran B. , Woo Shiao Y. , Warnick Ronald E. , Trifiletti Daniel M. , Mathieu David , Kondziolka Douglas , Feliciano Caleb E. , Rodriguez-Mercado Rafel , Cockroft Kevin M. , Simon Scott , Lee John , Sheehan Jason P. , Chen Ching-Jen 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with neoadjuvant embolization is a treatment strategy for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), especially for those with large nidal volume or concomitant aneurysms. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of pre-SRS embolization in AVMs with an associated intracranial aneurysm (IA).

METHODS:
The International Radiosurgery Research Foundation AVM database from 1987 to 2018 was retrospectively reviewed. SRS-treated AVMs with IAs were included. Patients were categorized into those treated with upfront embolization (E + SRS) vs stand-alone SRS (SRS). Primary end point was a favorable outcome (AVM obliteration + no permanent radiation-induced changes or post-SRS hemorrhage). Secondary outcomes included AVM obliteration, mortality, follow-up modified Rankin Scale, post-SRS hemorrhage, and radiation-induced changes.

RESULTS:
Forty four AVM patients with associated IAs were included, of which 23 (52.3%) underwent pre-SRS embolization and 21 (47.7%) SRS only. Significant differences between the E + SRS vs SRS groups were found for AVM maximum diameter (1.5 ± 0.5 vs 1.1 ± 0.4 cm3, P = .019) and SRS treatment volume (9.3 ± 8.3 vs 4.3 ± 3.3 cm3, P = .025). A favorable outcome was achieved in 45.4% of patients in the E + SRS group and 38.1% in the SRS group (P = .625). Obliteration rates were comparable (56.5% for E + SRS vs 47.6% for SRS, P = .555), whereas a higher mortality rate was found in the SRS group (19.1% vs 0%, P = .048). After adjusting for AVM maximum diameter, SRS treatment volume, and maximum radiation dose, the likelihood of achieving favorable outcome and AVM obliteration did not differ between groups (P = .475 and P = .820, respectively).

CONCLUSION:
The likelihood of a favorable outcome and AVM obliteration after SRS with neoadjuvant embolization in AVMs with concomitant IA seems to be comparable with stand-alone SRS, even after adjusting for AVM volume and SRS maximum dose. However, the increased mortality among the stand-alone SRS group and relatively low risk of embolization-related complications suggest that these patients may benefit from a combined treatment approach.
Mutational cooperativity of RUNX1::RUNX1T1 isoform 9a and oncogenic NRAS in zebrafish myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Lints Robyn , Walker Christina A. , Delfi Omid , Prouse Matthew , PohLui De Silva Mandy , Bohlander Stefan K. , Wood Andrew C. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
RUNX1::RUNX1T1 (R::RT1) acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains a clinical challenge, and further research is required to model and understand leukaemogenesis. Previous zebrafish R::RT1 models were hampered by embryonic lethality and low penetrance of the malignant phenotype. Here, we overcome this by developing an adult zebrafish model in which the human R::RT1 isoform 9a is co-expressed with the frequently co-occurring oncogenic NRASG12D mutation in haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), using the Runx1+23 enhancer. Approximately 50% of F0 9a+NRASG12D transgenic zebrafish developed signs of haematological disease between 5 and 14 months, with 27% exhibiting AML-like pathology: myeloid precursor expansion, erythrocyte reduction, kidney marrow hypercellularity and the presence of blasts. Moreover, only 9a+NRASG12D transplant recipients developed leukaemia with high rates of mortality within 40 days, inferring the presence of leukaemia stem cells. These leukaemic features were rare or not observed in animals expressing either the NRAS or 9a oncogenes alone, suggesting 9a and NRAS cooperation drives leukaemogenesis. This novel adult AML zebrafish model provides a powerful new tool for investigating the basis of R::RT1 - NRAS cooperativity with the potential to uncover new therapeutic targets.
The role of cognition as a factor regulating the diving responses of animals, including humans
Authors: Fahlman Andreas , Burggren Warren , Milsom William K. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The dive response involves three main components – breath holding, reduced heart rate and increased peripheral vasoconstriction – and is ubiquitous during forced dives in air-breathing vertebrates; however, numerous studies in free-diving animals have shown that the heart rate response to diving varies considerably in a manner that suggests cognitive control. Furthermore, studies on free-diving animals and controlled experiments in trained animals both indicate that the dive response can be conditioned, such that the reduction in heart rate begins before submergence and the extent of the reduction is set early in the dive. In addition, numerous species also experience an increase in heart rate and blood flow during ascent at the end of a dive, a phenomenon commonly called ‘ascent tachycardia’. Collectively, these data suggest that although the dive response is under autonomic control, many species can vary its magnitude depending on the length and type of the planned dive – an indication of a role for cognition in the overall physiological responses associated with diving. Here, we provide examples of the conditioned cardiac responses – including anticipatory changes in heart rate – in several diving species and propose potential underlying mechanisms. We also discuss how the anticipatory cardiovascular responses not only improve diving capacity, but also prevent diving-related problems, such as decompression sickness or barotrauma, through a mechanism described by the selective gas exchange hypothesis.
ASESINATO DE LÍDERES, LIDERESAS SOCIALES, DEFENSORES Y DEFENSORAS DE DERECHOS HUMANOS. UNA PROPUESTA PARA LA GARANTÍA DE LOS DERECHOS DE LAS VÍCTIMAS
Authors: Epinosa Jorge Rafael Vaca 
Published: August 2024

Contexto: Colombia es un país que ha sido fuertemente marcado por la violencia política, quizás los acontecimientos más crueles de esta índole han sido la etapa de la Violencia Bipartidista y el genocidio de la Unión Patriótica. En la actualidad, Colombia atraviesa por una época de violencia caracterizada por el asesinado de líderes y lideresas sociales debido a su labor de defensa de los derechos humanos. Las víctimas de estos hechos reclaman sus derechos y garantías ante la demora en la administración de justicia, por lo que se hace necesario un estudio referente a las disposiciones jurídicas relacionadas con la realización de una tutela judicial efectiva desde el punto de vista de la investigación.
Objetivo: Analizar los mecanismos jurídicamente viables para la garantía de los derechos de las víctimas de asesinatos de líderes y lideresas sociales en Colombia desde la etapa investigativa, a la luz de los diferentes instrumentos internacionales relativos a este tipo de crímenes y la protección de los derechos humanos de cara a la igualdad material.
Método: Se realizó una investigación dogmático-analítica basada esencialmente a la revisión de artículos académicos, investigaciones realizadas por organizaciones civiles y providencias judiciales en el marco del Sistema Interamericano de Protección de Derechos Humanos.
Resultados: El Estado colombiano ha incumplido su obligación de dirigir las indagaciones teniendo en cuenta aspectos diferenciales que contribuyan a la realización de la igualdad material.
Conclusiones: El asesinato contra líderes, líderesas sociales, defensores y defensoras de derechos humanos en Colombia constituye un crimen de genocidio, razón por la cual las víctimas cuentan con la garantía de la imprescriptibilidad de la acción penal en conjunto con el derecho a una investigación basada en el enfoque diferencial y el de género que propende por la celeridad y priorización en el desarrollo de las pesquisas correspondientes.
One haemolytic anaemia may hide another: Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria masquerading as Plasmodium falciparum infection
Authors: Wery Alexandre-Raphael , Mortier Coline , Cabrera Quentin , Niang Mohamadou , Kone Moumini , Permal Sarah 
Published: August 2024

Background: Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, genetic and acquired haematologic disease that causes complement-mediated intravascular haemolytic anaemia, thrombosis and bone marrow failure. Case description: A 27-year-old migrant patient attended the emergency department in a context of fever and chills over the previous few days as well as chronic fatigue, dyspnoea and chest pain. His medical history included chronic anaemia and erectile dysfunction. Initial biology showed a haemoglobin of 6.3 g/dl, platelets of 25,000/µl, total leucocytes of 3,500/µl with 1,500 neutrophils. B12 vitamin, folic acid, ferritin and thyroid stimulating hormone were normal. Lactate dehydrogenase levels were high and haptoglobin was non-measurable. C-reactive protein was 46.1 mg/l. A thick blood smear revealed Plasmodium falciparum infection with 0.1% parasitaemia. The patient was treated with an oral combination of artemether and lumefantrine. Three weeks later, the patient consulted the infectious disease department given the lack of clinical improvement. The cytopenias worsened, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reticulocytes increased. Tests for schistocytes, a thick blood smear for malaria and a direct Coombs test were negative; a myelogram was reassuring. An abdominal, pelvic and thoracic CT scan showed a mild hepatomegaly with no focal lesion and no splenomegaly or adenomegaly. A 12-colour flow cytometry unveiled a PNH clone on 90.9545% of neutrophils and 80.7371% of monocytes. Discussion: PNH patients can be vulnerable to parasites infection (such as P. falciparum) as it may trigger breakthrough haemolysis through uncontrolled resurgence of activity of the complement system. In our patient, P. falciparum infection was a confounding factor, as it commonly causes haemolytic anaemia and thrombocytopenia, and patients living in malaria-endemic regions can carry low parasitaemia while being slightly symptomatic or asymptomatic.
Maximizing transmission capacity in optical communication systems utilizing a microresonator comb laser source with adaptive modulation and bandwidth allocation strategies
Authors: Hu Jun , Wang Wei , Xie Zhenyu , Liu Chengnian , Li Fan , Yang Daquan 
Published: August 2024

Traditional optical communication systems employ bulky laser arrays that lack coherence and are prone to severe frequency drift. Dissipative Kerr soliton microcombs offer numerous evenly spaced optical carriers with a high optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and coherence in chip-scale packages, potentially addressing the limitations of traditional wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) sources. However, soliton microcombs exhibit inhomogeneous OSNR and linewidth distributions across the spectra, leading to variable communication performance under uniform modulation schemes. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, to our knowledge, the application of adaptive modulation and bandwidth allocation strategies in optical frequency comb (OFC) communication systems to optimize modulation schemes based on OSNR, linewidth, and channel bandwidth, thereby maximizing capacity. Experimental verification demonstrates that the method enhances spectral efficiency from 1.6 to 2.31  bit ⋅ s−1 ⋅ Hz−1, signifying a 44.58% augmentation. Using a single-soliton microcomb as the light source, we achieve a maximum communication capacity of 10.68 Tbps after 40 km of transmission in the C-band, with the maximum single-channel capacity reaching 432 Gbps. The projected combined transmission capacity for the C- and L-bands could surpass 20 Tbps. The proposed strategies demonstrate promising potential of utilizing soliton microcombs as future light sources in next-generation optical communication.
Trend, burden and determinants of undiagnosed hypertension in the Horn of Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Agimas Muluken Chanie , Derseh Nebiyu Mekonnen , Mamo Fantu , Abebe Moges Tadesse , Yemanu Tilahun , Asmamaw Meron 
Published: August 2024

Background
Hypertension is a silent killer disease and the global report revealed that half of the world’s population lives with undiagnosed hypertension. The problem is expected to be worse in low-income countries such as in Horn of Africa countries. Thus, we planned to determine the trend, burden, and determinates of undiagnosed hypertension in this region and provide conclusive and tangible evidence for interventions.

Method
Articles were searched on Google, Google Scholar, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and the published articles’ reference list. The JBI critical appraisal checklist was used for quality assessment. A sensitivity test and I2 statistics were conducted to evaluate the heterogeneity. The Begg’s statistics in the random effect model were done to evaluate the publication bias.

Result
The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension in the Horn of Africa was 17% (95% CI: 15%–20%) and it ranges from from 13% in 2006 to 20% in 2023. A trip time to a medical institution of less than 35 minutes (OR = 0.52, 95%CI: 0.35–0.79), no regular exercise (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.54–3.32), age > = 45 years (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.66–3.8), age 35–44 years (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.5–2.37), male (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.34–2.2), poor knowledge (OR = 3.29, 95%CI: 2.39,4.53), normal BMI (OR = 3.84, 95% CI: 2.96–4.98), Overweight (OR = 1.97, 95% CI: 2.96–4.98), poor health seeking (OR = 2.79, 95%CI: 2.01–3.86), low vegetable consumers (OR = 1.99, 95%CI:1.36–2.91), smoking (OR = 1.47, 95%CI: 1.13–1.93), high triglyceride (OR = 1.83, 95%CI:1.33–2.52), chat chewing (OR = 2.18, 95%CI: 1.54–3.09), and alcohol drinking (OR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.32–2.33) were the determinats of undiagnosed hypertension.

Conclusion and recommendation
The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was low in the Horn of Africa but its trend was increased over time. Individual level variables were identified that affect the undiagnosed hypertension. Therefore, healthy lifestyle is recommended.
Fotografikus percepció és kogníció a generatív média korában
Authors: Dragon Zoltán 
Published: August 2024

A fotográfia kompozíciós szabályrendszerét a festészettől örökölte, és a digitalizáció térnyerésével egyre prominensebbé váló számítástechnikai fotográfia percepció szempontjából nem hozott újdonságot, hiszen a klasszikus fotográfia esztétikai modelljét reprodukálja. Azonban a kortárs generatív mesterséges intelligencia már elmozdulást mutat a korábbi szabályszerűségektől. Ha a fotografikus kép maga kognitív struktúra (Sandström 2007), a kép jelentésének létrehozásában az interakció során az emberi megértés stratégiái folyamatosan visszacsatolásként, adattáplálékként értelmezhetőek a generatív rendszerek algoritmusai számára. Ennek következtében ezek a rendszerek elvileg egyre pontosabban képezik le nem pusztán a fotográfiai kép alapvető (vagy akár azon jóval túlmutató) jellegzetességeit, de azt is, hogy a néző pontosan mit lát meg, mit néz, mit keres egy képen.
Mindemellett azonban a generatív kép kísérteties marad a befogadó számára, ami abból a furcsa jelenségből ered, hogy a percepció során észlelt figyelemfelkeltő aspektus a kognitív, motoros válaszreakciók gyakorta felülírnak (lásd: Moshel et al. 2022). Tanulmányomban arra keresem a választ, hogy miként ragadható meg ez az elcsúszás vagy kisiklás a befogadó szempontjából, illetve milyen elméleti és kritikai keretben vizsgálható az, ahogyan a kognitív folyamatok felülírják a primér érzékletet.
Budesonide Orodispersible Tablet for the Treatment of Refractory Esophageal Lichen Planus
Authors: Skinner Thomas , Liang Sharron , Sanagapalli Santosh 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Esophageal lichen planus is an uncommon but highly morbid condition where effective treatments are limited. Diagnosis may be challenging and requires a high degree of clinical suspicion considering endoscopic, histopathological, esophageal, and extraesophageal manifestations. We describe a severe case of esophageal lichen planus and recurrent esophageal stricture that was refractory to acid suppression, local and systemic steroid formulations, and dilatation. We present the first reported use of budesonide orodispersible tablet for this condition, including the excellent clinical, endoscopic, and histopathological response.