bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holy Infrastructures: Catholicism, Detroit Borderlands, and the Elements
Authors: Berquist Stephen , Napolitano Valentina , Rigotti Elizabeth 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThrough an ethnographic rendering of the Catholic Church at the Detroit-Windsor borderland, this article foregrounds the ways elemental forces, including water, earth/soil, and air, form an interconnected entity that constitutes part of the theopolitical and religious scaffolding of Holy Infrastructures. We argue that the repetitive inscription of social and affective flows within an urban terrain generates infrastructure projects that contract forces of variable intensity into alliance or disjuncture. The interrelation of these forces as Holy Infrastructure, offers vital information on (dis/en)abling racialized forms of hosting and being hosted by the divine within urban settings, specifically as it pertains to theological labor at multiple scales. Indeed, we understand holiness in Catholic Detroit as a performative sovereignty of partition that mediates a desire for unbrokenness and spatiotemporal rapture. The topologies of Holy Infrastructure thus give rise to overlapping but divergent “wholes” within the racialized urban terrain, offering insight into the Church as a loose network of horizontal alliances that may enforce or subvert hierarchy. Our focus on elemental forces allows us to move beyond abstractions and focus on how theological projects take shape in physical space within an urban ecology. Indeed, Holy Infrastructures come into focus most clearly in relation to the intersection of theology with environmental, climatic, and territorial projects. By approaching Church and State as co-constitutive, we show how Holy Infrastructures offer insight into the racialized and gendered terrain of contemporary Detroit.
Observed Diurnal Cycles of Near‐Surface Shear and Stratification in the Equatorial Atlantic and Their Wind Dependence
Authors: Hans A. C. , Brandt P. , Gasparin F. , Claus M. , Cravatte S. , Horstmann J. , Reverdin G. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe diurnal cycles of near‐surface velocity and temperature, also known as diurnal jet and diurnal warm layer (DWL), are ubiquitous in the tropical oceans, affecting the heat and momentum budget of the ocean surface layer, air‐sea interactions, and vertical mixing. Here, we analyze the presence and descent of near‐surface diurnal shear and stratification in the upper 20 m of the equatorial Atlantic as a function of wind speed using ocean current velocity and hydrographic data taken during two trans‐Atlantic cruises along the equator in October 2019 and May 2022, data from three types of surface drifters, and data from Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) moorings along the equator. The observations during two seasons with similar mean wind speeds but varying surface heat fluxes reveal similar diurnal jets with an amplitude of about 0.11 m s−1 and similar DWLs when averaging along the equator. We find that higher wind speeds lead to earlier diurnal peaks, deeper penetration depths, and faster descent rates of DWL and diurnal jet. While the diurnal amplitude of stratification is maximum for minimal wind speeds, the diurnal amplitude of shear is maximum at 6 m depth for moderate wind speeds of about 5 m s−1. The inferred wind dependence of the descent rates of DWL and diurnal jet is consistent with the earlier onset of deep‐cycle turbulence for higher wind speeds. The DWL and the diurnal jet not only trigger deep‐cycle turbulence but are also observed to modify the wind power input and thus the amount of energy available for mixing.
Impacts of Synoptic‐Scale Dynamics on Clouds and Radiation in High Southern Latitudes
Authors: Barone Tyler , Diao Minghui , Shi Yang , Zhao Xi , Liu Xiaohong , Silber Israel 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHigh‐latitudinal mixed‐phase clouds significantly affect Earth's radiative balance. Observations of cloud and radiative properties from two field campaigns in the Southern Ocean and Antarctica were compared with two global climate model simulations. A cyclone compositing method was used to quantify “dynamics‐cloud‐radiation” relationships relative to the extratropical cyclone centers. Observations show larger asymmetry in cloud and radiative properties between western and eastern sectors at McMurdo compared with Macquarie Island. Most observed quantities at McMurdo are higher in the western (i.e., post‐frontal) than the eastern (frontal) sector, including cloud fraction, liquid water path (LWP), net surface shortwave and longwave radiation (SW and LW), except for ice water path (IWP) being higher in the eastern sector. The two models were found to overestimate cloud fraction and LWP at Macquarie Island but underestimate them at McMurdo Station. IWP is consistently underestimated at both locations, both sectors, and in all seasons. Biases of cloud fraction, LWP, and IWP are negatively correlated with SW biases and positively correlated with LW biases. The persistent negative IWP biases may have become one of the leading causes of radiative biases over the high southern latitudes, after correcting the underestimation of supercooled liquid water in the older model versions. By examining multi‐scale factors from cloud microphysics to synoptic dynamics, this work will help increase the fidelity of climate simulations in this remote region.
Developing, Testing, and Communicating Earthquake Forecasts: Current Practices and Future Directions
Authors: Mizrahi Leila , Dallo Irina , van der Elst Nicholas J. , Christophersen Annemarie , Spassiani Ilaria , Werner Maximilian J. , Iturrieta Pablo , Bayona José A. , Iervolino Iunio , Schneider Max , Page Morgan T. , Zhuang Jiancang , Herrmann Marcus , Michael Andrew J. , Falcone Giuseppe , Marzocchi Warner , Rhoades David , Gerstenberger Matt , Gulia Laura , Schorlemmer Danijel , Becker Julia , Han Marta , Kuratle Lorena , Marti Michèle , Wiemer Stefan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhile deterministically predicting the time and location of earthquakes remains impossible, earthquake forecasting models can provide estimates of the probabilities of earthquakes occurring within some region over time. To enable informed decision‐making of civil protection, governmental agencies, or the public, Operational Earthquake Forecasting (OEF) systems aim to provide authoritative earthquake forecasts based on current earthquake activity in near‐real time. Establishing OEF systems involves several nontrivial choices. This review captures the current state of OEF worldwide and analyzes expert recommendations on the development, testing, and communication of earthquake forecasts. An introductory summary of OEF‐related research is followed by a description of OEF systems in Italy, New Zealand, and the United States. Combined, these two parts provide an informative and transparent snapshot of today's OEF landscape. In Section 4, we analyze the results of an expert elicitation that was conducted to seek guidance for the establishment of OEF systems. The elicitation identifies consensus and dissent on OEF issues among a non‐representative group of 20 international earthquake forecasting experts. While the experts agree that communication products should be developed in collaboration with the forecast user groups, they disagree on whether forecasting models and testing methods should be user‐dependent. No recommendations of strict model requirements could be elicited, but benchmark comparisons, prospective testing, reproducibility, and transparency are encouraged. Section 5 gives an outlook on the future of OEF. Besides covering recent research on earthquake forecasting model development and testing, upcoming OEF initiatives are described in the context of the expert elicitation findings.
Leveraging RALI‐THINICE Observations to Assess How the ICOLMDZ Model Simulates Clouds Embedded in Arctic Cyclones
Authors: Raillard Lea , Vignon Étienne , Rivière Gwendal , Madeleine Jean‐Baptiste , Meurdesoif Yann , Delanoë Julien , Caubel Arnaud , Jourdan Olivier , Baudoux Antoine , Fromang Sébastien , Conesa Philippe 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite their essential role in the high‐latitude climate, the representation of mixed‐phase clouds is still a challenge for Global Climate Models (GCMs)'s cloud schemes. In this study we propose a methodology for robustly assessing Arctic mixed‐phase cloud properties in a climate model using airborne measurements. We leverage data collected during the RALI‐THINICE airborne campaign that took place near Svalbard in August 2022 to evaluate the simulation of mid‐level clouds associated with Arctic cyclones. Simulations are carried out with the new limited‐area configuration of the ICOLMDZ model which combines the recent icosahedral dynamical core DYNAMICO and the physics of LMDZ, the atmospheric component of the IPSL‐CM Earth System Model. Airborne radar and microphysical probes measurements are then used to evaluate the simulated clouds. A comparison method has been set‐up to guarantee as much as possible the spatiotemporal co‐location between observed and simulated cloud fields. We mostly focus on the representation of ice and liquid in‐cloud contents and on their vertical distribution. Results show that the model overestimates the amount of cloud condensates and exhibits a poor cloud phase spatial distribution, with too much liquid water far from cloud top and too much ice close to it. The downward gradual increase in snowfall flux is also not captured by the model. This in‐depth model evaluation thereby pinpoints priorities for further improvements in the ICOLMDZ cloud scheme.
Practical parameter identifiability and handling of censored data with Bayesian inference in mathematical tumour models
Authors: Porthiyas Jamie , Nussey Daniel , Beauchemin Catherine A. A. , Warren Donald C. , Quirouette Christian , Wilkie Kathleen P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMechanistic mathematical models (MMs) are a powerful tool to help us understand and predict the dynamics of tumour growth under various conditions. In this work, we use 5 MMs with an increasing number of parameters to explore how certain (often overlooked) decisions in estimating parameters from data of experimental tumour growth affect the outcome of the analysis. In particular, we propose a framework for including tumour volume measurements that fall outside the upper and lower limits of detection, which are normally discarded. We demonstrate how excluding censored data results in an overestimation of the initial tumour volume and the MM-predicted tumour volumes prior to the first measurements, and an underestimation of the carrying capacity and the MM-predicted tumour volumes beyond the latest measurable time points. We show in which way the choice of prior for the MM parameters can impact the posterior distributions, and illustrate that reporting the most likely parameters and their 95% credible interval can lead to confusing or misleading interpretations. We hope this work will encourage others to carefully consider choices made in parameter estimation and to adopt the approaches we put forward herein.
Impact of temperature and relative humidity variations on coda waves in concrete
Authors: Diewald Fabian , Denolle Marine , Timothy Jithender J. , Gehlen Christoph 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe microstructure of concrete can be affected by many factors, from non-destructive environmental factors through to destructive damage induced by transient stresses. Coda wave interferometry is a technique that is sensitive enough to detect weak changes within concrete by evaluating the ultrasonic signal perturbation compared to a reference state. As concrete microstructure is sensitive to many factors, it is important to separate their contributions to the observables. In this study, we characterize the relationships between the concrete elastic and inelastic properties, and temperature and relative humidity. We confirm previous theoretical studies that found a linear relationship between temperature changes and velocity variation of the ultrasonic waves for a given concrete mix, and provide scaling factors per Kelvin for multiple settings. We also confirm an anti-correlation with relative humidity using long-term conditioning. Furthermore, we explore beyond the existing studies to establish the relationship linking humidity and temperature changes to ultrasonic wave attenuation.
Comprehensive genetic profiling and molecularly guided treatment for patients with primary CNS tumors
Authors: Kuehn Julia C. , Metzger Patrick , Neidert Nicolas , Matysiak Uta , Gräßel Linda , Philipp Ulrike , Bleul Sabine , Pauli Thomas , Falkenstein Julia , Bertemes Henriette , Cysar Stepan , Hess Maria Elena , Frey Anna Verena , Duque-Afonso Jesús , Schorb Elisabeth , Machein Marcia , Beck Jürgen , Schnell Oliver , von Bubnoff Nikolas , Illert Anna L. , Peters Christoph , Brummer Tilman , Prinz Marco , Miething Cornelius , Becker Heiko , Lassmann Silke , Werner Martin , Börries Melanie , Duyster Justus , Heiland Dieter H. , Sankowski Roman , Scherer Florian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite major advances in molecular profiling and classification of primary brain tumors, personalized treatment remains limited for most patients. Here, we explored the feasibility of individual molecular profiling and the efficacy of biomarker-guided therapy for adult patients with primary brain cancers in the real-world setting within the molecular tumor board Freiburg, Germany. We analyzed genetic profiles, personalized treatment recommendations, and clinical outcomes of 102 patients with 21 brain tumor types. Alterations in the cell cycle, BRAF, and mTOR pathways most frequently led to personalized treatment recommendations. Molecularly informed therapies were recommended in 71% and implemented in 32% of patients with completed molecular diagnostics. The disease control rate following targeted treatment was 50% and the overall response rate was 30%, with a progression-free survival 2/1 ratio of at least 1.3 in 31% of patients. This study highlights the efficacy of molecularly guided treatment and the need for biomarker-stratified trials in brain cancers.
On the sample complexity of quantum Boltzmann machine learning
Authors: Coopmans Luuk , Benedetti Marcello 
Published: August 2024

AbstractQuantum Boltzmann machines (QBMs) are machine-learning models for both classical and quantum data. We give an operational definition of QBM learning in terms of the difference in expectation values between the model and target, taking into account the polynomial size of the data set. By using the relative entropy as a loss function, this problem can be solved without encountering barren plateaus. We prove that a solution can be obtained with stochastic gradient descent using at most a polynomial number of Gibbs states. We also prove that pre-training on a subset of the QBM parameters can only lower the sample complexity bounds. In particular, we give pre-training strategies based on mean-field, Gaussian Fermionic, and geometrically local Hamiltonians. We verify these models and our theoretical findings numerically on a quantum and a classical data set. Our results establish that QBMs are promising machine learning models.
Proteomics identifies potential immunological drivers of postinfection brain atrophy and cognitive decline
Authors: Duggan Michael R. , Peng Zhongsheng , Sipilä Pyry N. , Lindbohm Joni V. , Chen Jingsha , Lu Yifei , Davatzikos Christos , Erus Guray , Hohman Timothy J. , Andrews Shea J. , Candia Julián , Tanaka Toshiko , Joynes Cassandra M. , Alvarado Chelsea X. , Nalls Mike A. , Cordon Jenifer , Daya Gulzar N. , An Yang , Lewis Alexandria , Moghekar Abhay , Palta Priya , Coresh Josef , Ferrucci Luigi , Kivimäki Mika , Walker Keenan A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInfections have been associated with the incidence of Alzheimer disease and related dementias, but the mechanisms responsible for these associations remain unclear. Using a multicohort approach, we found that influenza, viral, respiratory, and skin and subcutaneous infections were associated with increased long-term dementia risk. These infections were also associated with region-specific brain volume loss, most commonly in the temporal lobe. We identified 260 out of 942 immunologically relevant proteins in plasma that were differentially expressed in individuals with an infection history. Of the infection-related proteins, 35 predicted volumetric changes in brain regions vulnerable to infection-specific atrophy. Several of these proteins, including PIK3CG, PACSIN2, and PRKCB, were related to cognitive decline and plasma biomarkers of dementia (Aβ42/40, GFAP, NfL, pTau-181). Genetic variants that influenced expression of immunologically relevant infection-related proteins, including ITGB6 and TLR5, predicted brain volume loss. Our findings support the role of infections in dementia risk and identify molecular mediators by which infections may contribute to neurodegeneration.
Nonlinear dynamics of multi-omics profiles during human aging
Authors: Shen Xiaotao , Wang Chuchu , Zhou Xin , Zhou Wenyu , Hornburg Daniel , Wu Si , Snyder Michael P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAging is a complex process associated with nearly all diseases. Understanding the molecular changes underlying aging and identifying therapeutic targets for aging-related diseases are crucial for increasing healthspan. Although many studies have explored linear changes during aging, the prevalence of aging-related diseases and mortality risk accelerates after specific time points, indicating the importance of studying nonlinear molecular changes. In this study, we performed comprehensive multi-omics profiling on a longitudinal human cohort of 108 participants, aged between 25 years and 75 years. The participants resided in California, United States, and were tracked for a median period of 1.7 years, with a maximum follow-up duration of 6.8 years. The analysis revealed consistent nonlinear patterns in molecular markers of aging, with substantial dysregulation occurring at two major periods occurring at approximately 44 years and 60 years of chronological age. Distinct molecules and functional pathways associated with these periods were also identified, such as immune regulation and carbohydrate metabolism that shifted during the 60-year transition and cardiovascular disease, lipid and alcohol metabolism changes at the 40-year transition. Overall, this research demonstrates that functions and risks of aging-related diseases change nonlinearly across the human lifespan and provides insights into the molecular and biological pathways involved in these changes.
The role of generative language systems in increasing patient awareness of colon cancer screening
Authors: Maida Marcello , Ramai Daryl , Mori Yuichi , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário , Facciorusso Antonio , Hassan Cesare ,   and the AI-CORE (Artificial Intelligence COlorectal cancer Research) Working Group
Published: August 2024

Background This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer) in answering patientsʼ questions about colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, with the ultimate goal of enhancing patients' awareness and adherence to national screening programs.
Methods 15 questions on CRC screening were posed to ChatGPT4. The answers were rated by 20 gastroenterology experts and 20 nonexperts in three domains (accuracy, completeness, and comprehensibility), and by 100 patients in three dichotomic domains (completeness, comprehensibility, and trustability).
Results According to expert rating, the mean (SD) accuracy score was 4.8 (1.1), on a scale ranging from 1 to 6. The mean (SD) scores for completeness and comprehensibility were 2.1 (0.7) and 2.8 (0.4), respectively, on scales ranging from 1 to 3. Overall, the mean (SD) accuracy (4.8 [1.1] vs. 5.6 [0.7]; P < 0.001) and completeness scores (2.1 [0.7] vs. 2.7 [0.4]; P < 0.001) were significantly lower for the experts than for the nonexperts, while comprehensibility was comparable among the two groups (2.8 [0.4] vs. 2.8 [0.3]; P = 0.55). Patients rated all questions as complete, comprehensible, and trustable in between 97 % and 100 % of cases.
Conclusions ChatGPT shows good performance, with the potential to enhance awareness about CRC and improve screening outcomes. Generative language systems may be further improved after proper training in accordance with scientific evidence and current guidelines.
The Evolving Role of Endoscopy in Revisional Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Rieske Richard R. , Ardila-Gatas Jessica 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe obesity epidemic continues to be a global health concern impacting over 890 million adults worldwide. These numbers have quadrupled since 1990, and global health surveys estimate another 2.5 billion adults are overweight. The disease of obesity is chronic in nature and difficult to treat. The number of metabolic and bariatric surgeries performed today continues to increase and with it the number of revisional surgeries and management of complications. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy has played an important role in diagnosing and managing patients with obesity. Endoscopy is a safe and minimally invasive technique to address surgical complications and explore new techniques for the management of obesity. In this article, we aim to review the evolving role of endoscopy in revisional bariatric surgery: management of immediate complications, including bleeding, strictures, leaks, and erosion of bands; techniques to access the gastric remnant after a gastric bypass; and management of weight regain.
Qatar–Türkiye relations during the embargo of Qatar: a case study in derivative power
Authors: Miller Rory 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStructurally, Qatar and Türkiye face different International Relations challenges—Turkey is a regional middle power with significant hard power resources, while Qatar is an ambitious small state with relatively scarce military capabilities. Nevertheless, the Arab Uprisings of 2011 and the shift from unipolarity to multipolarity provided the context for a dramatic acceleration in bilateral relations. In the decade and a half since those tumultuous events sent shockwaves across the Arab world, this relationship flourished to the extent that it can be located firmly on the alignment end of the alignment-rapprochement-discord-friction continuum. This paper assesses the extent that the concept of derivative power—whereby a small state derives power by convincing a larger state to take actions that boost its interests—played a role in driving forward this relationship during the embargo of Qatar between 2017 and 2021.