bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophylactic transfusion for pregnant women with sickle cell disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Malinowski Ann Kinga , Shehata Nadine , D’Souza Rohan , Kuo Kevin H. M. , Ward Richard , Shah Prakesh S. , Murphy Kellie 
Published: August 2015

Key Points
Prophylactic transfusion in pregnant women with SCD may reduce maternal mortality, vaso-occlusive pain events, and pulmonary complications. Prophylactic transfusion in pregnant women with SCD may similarly reduce perinatal mortality, neonatal death, and preterm birth.
Identifying environmental versus phylogenetic correlates of behavioural ecology in gibbons: implications for conservation management of the world’s rarest ape
Authors: Bryant Jessica V. , Olson Valérie A. , Chatterjee Helen J. , Turvey Samuel T. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBackgroundFor conservation of highly threatened species to be effective, it is crucial to differentiate natural population parameters from atypical behavioural, ecological and demographic characteristics associated with human disturbance and habitat degradation, which can constrain population growth and recovery. Unfortunately, these parameters can be very hard to determine for species of extreme rarity. The Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus), the world’s rarest ape, consists of a single population of c.25 individuals, but intensive management is constrained by a limited understanding of the species’ expected population characteristics and environmental requirements. In order to generate a more robust evidence-base for Hainan gibbon conservation, we employed a comparative approach to identify intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of variation in key ecological and behavioural traits (home range size, social group size, mating system) across the Hylobatidae while controlling for phylogenetic non-independence.ResultsAll three studied traits show strong phylogenetic signals across the Hylobatidae. Although the Hainan gibbon and some closely related species have large reported group sizes, no observed gibbon group size is significantly different from the values expected on the basis of phylogenetic relationship alone. However, the Hainan gibbon and two otherNomascusspecies (N. concolor,N. nasutus) show home range values that are higher than expected relative to all other gibbon species. Predictive models incorporating intraspecific trait variation but controlling for covariance between population samples due to phylogenetic relatedness reveal additional environmental and biological determinants of variation in gibbon ranging requirements and social structure, but not those immediately associated with recent habitat degradation.ConclusionsOur study represents the first systematic assessment of behavioural and ecological trait patterns across the Hylobatidae using recent approaches in comparative analysis. By formally contextualising the Hainan gibbon’s observed behavioural and ecological characteristics within family-wide variation in gibbons, we are able to determine natural population parameters expected for this Critically Endangered species, as well as wider correlates of variation for key population characteristics across the Hylobatidae. This approach reveals key insights with a direct impact on future Hainan gibbon conservation planning, and demonstrates the usefulness of the comparative approach for informing management of species of conservation concern.
What’s more general than a whole population?
Authors: Alexander Neal 
Published: August 2015

AbstractStatistical inference is commonly said to be inapplicable to complete population studies, such as censuses, due to the absence of sampling variability. Nevertheless, in recent years, studies of whole populations, e.g., all cases of a certain cancer in a given country, have become more common, and often report p values and confidence intervals regardless of such concerns. With reference to the social science literature, the current paper explores the circumstances under which statistical inference can be meaningful for such studies. It concludes that its use implicitly requires a target population which is wider than the whole population studied — for example future cases, or a supranational geographic region — and that the validity of such statistical analysis depends on the generalizability of the whole to the target population.
The development of precision medicine in clinical practice
Authors: He Mingyan , Xia Jinglin , Shehab Mohamed , Wang Xiangdong 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPrecision medicine allows a dramatic expansion of biological data, while there is still an urgent need to understand and insight the exact meaning of those data to human health and disease. This has led to an increasing wealth of data unanalyzed. The concept of precision medicine is about the customization of healthcare, with decisions and practices tailored to an individual patient based on their intrinsic biology in addition to clinical “signs and symptoms”. Construction of a standardized model for the integration of data from various platforms is the central mission of the ‘New Disease Management Model’. The model is helpful for the development of new taxonomy of diseases and subtypes, to personalize therapy based on patient genetic profiles. A rapid progression of precision therapy has been made recently. Clinical trials have shown the therapeutic efficacy of discovered and developed therapeutic agents has improved. However, next‐generation drugs would be designed for disease subtypes with more specificity, efficacy and lower toxicity.
Dyeing and thermal behavior of jute fibre grafted with nitrile monomer
Authors: Mondal Md Ibrahim H , Islam Md Khademul 
Published: August 2015

AbstractModification of bleached jute fibre was carried out by graft co-polymerization with the vinyl monomers, acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile. A K2S2O8/FeSO4redox system was used in the presence of air. The graft yield and grafting efficiency increased with the increase of monomer, initiator and reaction time up to certain values, thereafter it decreased. This is due to the increasing rate of homopolymerization, rather than grafting, at the higher monomer concentration. The maximum graft yield with acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile, under optimized conditions, was 19.78 and 43.15%, respectively. The graft yield of methacrylonitrile is greater than that of acrylonitrile. This is due to the –CH3group present in methacrylonitrile. The inclusion of nitrile monomer onto the treated fibre was identified by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The surface morphology and thermal behavior of the modified fibre was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis. Modification of jute fibre improved the thermal stability, breaking strength as well as dyeability of the fiber.
Antimicrobial performance of cotton finished with triclosan, silver and chitosan
Authors: Dhiman Guneet , Chakraborty J. N. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractAntimicrobial agents are applied on textiles to suppress growth of microorganism, odour generation as well as its deterioration. Cotton fabric was finished with three different types of antimicrobial agents (1) Ultrafresh NMV2: a triclosan based product, (2) N9 Pure silver: a dispersion of pure silver metal, and (3) chitosan to develop antimicrobial characteristics. Finished fabrics were evaluated for their effectiveness against Gram positive bacterium (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram negative bacterium (Escherichia coli) in terms of percentage reduction in CFU of bacteria. The influence of finishing methods, via. pad-dry and pad-dry-cure followed by repeated launderings, concentrations of antibacterial agents, and pH were optimised. The antimicrobial performance was evaluated prior to laundering and after each five laundering cycles; results were statistically analysed and effects on physical properties of the finished fabric were also evaluated. Triclosan was found to be significantly effective at low concentrations, whereas silver showed remarkably good antimicrobial activity at or above 10 g/L and chitosan was comparably less active compared to others. Cyclic laundering showed statistically significant effect on activity of finishes up to five cycles but it was almost reduced to half for chitosan.
Identifying with Dexter
Authors: Houwen Janna 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Many contemporary high quality TV series tend to enable identification with protagonists who engage in morally dubious or outright abject acts. This essay takes Showtime’s series Dexter as a pre-eminent and extreme example of this tendency, and explores how the viewer’s identification with the serial-killing protagonist of the show is constructed and altered throughout several seasons of the series. In order to analyze the specific relation between Dexter and its audience, this essay first examines the more general possibility television series to produce firm identification of viewers with protagonists by comparing the format of the television series to two media that can be understood as its predecessors: literature and film.
“That Show You Like Might Be Coming Back in Style”: How Twin Peaks Changed the Face of Contemporary Television
Authors: Moldovan Raluca 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The present study revisits one of American television’s most famous and influential shows, Twin Peaks, which ran on ABC between 1990 and 1991. Its unique visual style, its haunting music, the idiosyncratic characters and the mix of mythical and supernatural elements made it the most talked-about TV series of the 1990s and generated numerous parodies and imitations. Twin Peaks was the brainchild of America’s probably least mainstream director, David Lynch, and Mark Frost, who was known to television audiences as one of the scriptwriters of the highly popular detective series Hill Street Blues. When Twin Peaks ended in 1991, the show’s severely diminished audience were left with one of most puzzling cliffhangers ever seen on television, but the announcement made by Lynch and Frost in October 2014, that the show would return with nine fresh episodes premiering on Showtime in 2016, quickly went viral and revived interest in Twin Peaks’ distinctive world. In what follows, I intend to discuss the reasons why Twin Peaks was considered a highly original work, well ahead of its time, and how much the show was indebted to the legacy of classic American film noir; finally, I advance a few speculations about the possible plotlines the series might explore upon its return to the small screen.
SYSTEM WYŚWIETLANIA PARAMETRÓW LOTU DLA ŚMIGŁOWCA TYPU Mi-17 – WYNIKI BADAŃ
Authors: Bęczkowski Grzegorz , Krzonkalla Jarosław , Mordzonek Maj , Rymaszewski Stanisław , Zgrzywa Franciszek 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPrzedmiotem artykułu są badania w locie nowo opracowanego systemu wyświetlania parametrów lotu (SWPL). Omawiany system przeznaczony jest do zobrazowania na wyświetlaczu przeziernym umieszczonym przed okiem pilota pełnej informacji pilotażowo-nawigacyjnej, ostrzeganiu o sytuacji niebezpiecznej na pokładzie śmigłowca i sygnalizacji błędów pracy systemów pokładowych. System przystosowany jest do pracy w warunkach dziennych i nocnych, przy czym w warunkach nocnych współpracuje z goglami noktowizyjnymi stosowanymi w lotnictwie Sił Zbrojnych RP.W artykule przedstawiono główne elementy składowe badanego systemu wraz z ich przeznaczeniem i funkcją. Szczegółowo opisano zaimplementowane w systemie rodzaje zobrazowania oraz sposób i ilość prezentowanej na wyświetlaczu przeziernym informacji. Następnie omówiono wymagany zakres i rzeczywisty przebieg prób w locie podlegającego badaniu systemu. Badania realizowano na śmigłowcu Mi-17-1V. Na zakończenie podano wyniki przeprowadzonych badań systemu wyświetlania parametrów lotu, w szczególności dotyczących spełnienia Założeń Taktyczno-Technicznych na badany system.
BADANIA SYSTEMU WIELOLUFOWYCH KARABINÓW MASZYNOWYCH ZABUDOWANYCH NA POKŁADZIE ŚMIGŁOWCA TYPU Mi-17
Authors: Bęczkowski Grzegorz , Krzonkalla Jarosław , Mordzonek Maj , Rymaszewski Stanisław , Zgrzywa Franciszek 
Published: August 2015

AbstractPrzedmiotem artykułu są badania systemu wielolufowych karabinów maszynowych zabudowanych na śmigłowcu. Opisywany system uzbrojenia składa się z trzech 7,62 mm wielolufowych pokładowych karabinów maszynowych M-134G zabudowanych na zaprojektowanych ramach stanowisk strzeleckich umiejscowionych w luku awaryjnym okna, drzwiach bocznych i drzwiach tylnych kabiny transportowej śmigłowca Mi-17-1V.W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe parametry taktyczno-techniczne wielolufowego karabinu M-134G oraz szczegółowe umiejscowienie i wyposażenie stanowisk strzeleckich. Następnie omówiono przyjęty zakres oraz rzeczywisty przebieg badań rozważanego systemu. Badano i oceniono m.in. niezawodność systemu, wpływ jego pracy na działanie pozostałych systemów pokładowych i odwrotnie oraz efektywność ochrony śmigłowca. Na zakończenie przedstawiono wyniki przeprowadzonych badań systemu oraz jego zgodności z Założeniami Taktyczno-Technicznymi.
WYBRANE PROBLEMY STEROWANIA POKŁADOWYMI SYSTEMAMI PRĄDU STAŁEGO I PRZEMIENNEGO
Authors: Gębura Andrzej , Tokarski Tomasz 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Artykuł ujmuje kompleksowo problem współpracy pokładowych źródeł energii elektrycznej statku powietrznego z elektryczną siecią pokładową. Szczególną uwagę autorzy przywiązali do uwarunkowań związanych z poprawnym załączaniem pokładowych źródeł energii elektrycznej. Omówiono strukturalne zabezpieczenia źródeł energii elektrycznej przed szkodliwym oddziaływaniem odbiorników, jak i niepoprawnie działających źródeł na odbiorniki oraz niektóre sposoby przeciwdziałania tym zjawiskom. Poznanie tych relacji umożliwi podjęcie przez użytkownika działań, które mogą wpłynąć na zmniejszanie awaryjności pokładowej sieci elektroenergetycznej i zapewnienie zasilania odbiorników energii elektrycznej we wszystkich warunkach lotu. Od poprawności ich działania zależy poprawność funkcjonowania pokładowej sieci elektroenergetycznej. Autorzy starali się ujmować wszystkie problemy w sposób możliwie uniwersalny, aby rozważania tu zawarte mogły służyć pomocą podczas analizy defektów na różnych statkach powietrznych.
Direct sprayed endothelialization, basement membrane and cell junction development on biological and artificial products are highly substrate-dependent and require optimized biofunctionalization
Authors: Klopsch Christian , Ludwig Marion , Skorska Anna , Zacher Loni , Jerke Max , Luderer Frank , Arbeiter Daniela , Grabow Niels , Michael Thomas , Gaebel Ralf , Lux Cornelia , Mela Petra , Jockenhoevel Stefan , Prall Friedrich , David Robert , Steinhoff Gustav 
Published: August 2015

AbstractOptimizing endothelialization of medical implants requires deep mechanistic insight into cellular adhesion, cell junction and physiological basement membrane development at the endothelial cell-to-scaffold substrate interface.We employed and standardized endothelial cells and fibrin hydrogel for simultaneous cell-plus-fibrin (EC-Fib) spray application using the MaslankaDirect sprayed endothelialization outlined the necessity for preconditioning acellular SynerGraft
Rapid detection of non-deletional mutations causing α-thalassemia by multicolor melting curve analysis
Authors: Huang Qiuying , Wang Xudong , Tang Ning , Zhu Chunjiang , Yan Tizhen , Chen Ping , Li Qingge 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe assay consisted of one pair of primers specific for theThe assay had a reproducibility of 100%, could detect gDNA of different genotype as low as 1 ng per reaction, and had an overall accuracy of 100% when compared with RDB analysis and Sanger sequencing.The developed assay is rapid, robust, and cost-effective while maintaining high sensitivity, specificity, and throughput.
Fluvoxamine-associated oscillopsia and a role for personalized medication dosing
Authors: Singman Eric L. , Hocum Brian , Yohannan Jithin , Pearson Virginia 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
A 60-year-old woman reported horizontal “shimmering” movement while reading crossword puzzles when using fluvoxamine, bupropion, quetiapine, lithium, and levothyroxine. This visual disturbance, likely oscillopsia, started after the fluvoxamine was added and waned as the fluvoxamine was tapered, disappearing after the drug was discontinued. Genetic testing to explore how the patient metabolizes these medications combined with YouScript® interaction analysis suggest that she may have had abnormally high plasma concentrations of fluvoxamine during this time. Oscillopsia may be a novel dose-dependent side effect of fluvoxamine. Genetic testing combined with YouScript has the potential to discover novel drug side effects, elucidate drug interactions and guide future prescribing decisions.
Checklists to prevent diagnostic errors: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ely John W. , Graber Mark A. 
Published: August 2015

Abstract

Background: Many diagnostic errors are caused by premature closure of the diagnostic process. To help prevent premature closure, we developed checklists that prompt physicians to consider all reasonable diagnoses for symptoms that commonly present in primary care.

Methods: We enrolled 14 primary care physicians and 100 patients in a randomized clinical trial. The study took place in an emergency department (5 physicians) and a same-day access clinic (9 physicians). The physicians were randomized to usual care vs. diagnostic checklist. After completing the history and physical exam, checklist physicians read aloud a differential diagnosis checklist for the chief complaint. The primary outcome was diagnostic error, which was defined as a discrepancy between the diagnosis documented at the acute visit and the diagnosis based on a 1-month follow-up phone call and record review.

Results: There were 17 diagnostic errors. The mean error rate among the seven checklist physicians was not significantly different from the rate among the seven usual-care physicians (11.2% vs. 17.8%; p=0.46). In a post-hoc subgroup analysis, emergency physicians in the checklist group had a lower mean error rate than emergency physicians in the usual-care group (19.1% vs. 45.0%; p=0.04). Checklist physicians considered more diagnoses than usual-care physicians during the patient encounters (6.5 diagnoses [SD 4.2] vs. 3.4 diagnoses [SD 2.0], p<0.001).

Conclusions: Checklists did not improve the diagnostic error rate in this study. However further development and testing of checklists in larger studies may be warranted.
Ultraviolet high-transmitting cross-linked polymer materials derived from mercaptopropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
Authors: Fuqian Sun , Xiaoyu Wang , Zhaoyang Deng , Guoping Zeng 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
In this paper, several cross-linked polymer materials with high light-transmitting properties are presented. First, mercaptopropyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS-SH) was synthesized via the hydrolytic condensation of 3-mercaptopropyl triethoxysilane. Then, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and allylmethacrylate were allowed to polymerize with POSS-SH, yielding a hybridized composite. The volumetric shrinkage, thermal, and light-transmitting properties of the materials were studied and investigated using a pycnometer, differential scanning calorimeter, and ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer. The results indicated that POSS-SH decreased the volumetric shrinkage of the GMA-based materials. Thermal analysis indicated that the glass transition temperature (T
g) of the hybrid composite decreased as the POSS-SH content increased, while the T
c and T
m of the hybrid composite increased slightly. The light transmittance of the hybrid composite increased as the POSS-SH content increased. When the POSS-SH content increased to 42.9%, the hybrid composite exhibited average light transmittance values of 96% at wavelengths ranging from 200 to 400 nm and 97% at wavelengths ranging from 400 to 800 nm.
The Fundraising Disadvantages Confronting American Political Parties
Authors: Baker Anne 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn the wake of the Bi-Partisan Campaign Finance Reform Act of 2002 and subsequent rulings by the Supreme Court, American political parties face greater regulation than interest groups in terms of their ability to finance federal elections. While parties continue to be constrained by contribution limits, nearly all interest groups can now raise and spend money in unlimited amounts to influence elections. Further, many new groups formed to take advantage of these legal changes. Few studies address the ramifications of these developments for political parties’ fundraising capabilities. To see whether these disadvantages hamper party fundraising, I examine parties’ direct fundraising costs overtime and I use structural equation analysis to investigate the giving habits of party donors overtime. I find the fundraising cost of each dollar raised has risen and habitual party donors provide significant support to Super PACs. Habitual party donors have also become less consistent givers in the Democratic Party. I discuss the relationship of these findings to changes in party fundraising tactics and their implications for future efforts by the parties to maintain their revenue streams.
Return to Spender: The Electoral Connection’s Effect on Veto Challenges and Overrides
Authors: Bridge Dave 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis paper uses assumptions about position taking and credit claiming to help predict when Congress will challenge and override a presidential veto. Using assumptions about position taking and credit claiming to generate measurable hypotheses, I find that vetoes on spending bills are 13.0 percentage points more likely to be challenged and 13.1 percentage points more likely to be overridden. Furthermore, spending vetoes are more likely to be overridden when congressional elections are nearing. The results confirm that the electoral connection not only explains individual behavior, but can also help predict institutional outcomes.
The relationship between fluid intelligence and learning potential: Is there an interaction with attentional control?
Authors: Filičková Marta , Ropovik Ivan , Bobaková Monika , Kovalčíková Iveta 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The main aim of the study was to explore the relationship between fluid intelligence (gf), attentional control (AC), and learning potential (LP), and to investigate the interaction effect between gf and AC on LP. The sample comprised 210 children attending the fourth grade of a standard elementary school. It was hypothesized that the extent of the association between gf and LP depends on the level of attentional control, so that a low level of AC would weaken or possibly break that link, while a high level of AC would facilitate the employment of fluid general ability in learning situations. The results show that there was a moderate relationship between the measures of gf and LP, while gf was not found to be related to AC. Regarding the hypothesized interaction effect, the data suggested that the relationship between learning potential and fluid intelligence is invariant regarding the level of attentional control in the sample. Possible reasons for the lack of a moderation effect are discussed.