bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Shape of Knowledge: Children and the Visual Culture of Literacy and Numeracy
Authors: Eddy Matthew Daniel 
Published: April 2013

The ArgumentIn 1787 an anonymous student of the Perth Academy spent countless hours transforming his rough classroom notes into a beautifully inscribed notebook. Though this was an everyday practice for many Enlightenment students, extant notebooks of this nature are extremely rare and we know very little about how middle class children learned to inscribe and visualize knowledge on paper. This essay addresses this lacuna by using recently located student notebooks, drawings, and marginalia alongside textbooks and instructional literature to identify the graphic tools and skills that were taught to Scottish children in early modern classrooms. I show that, in addition to learning the facts of the curriculum, students participated in educational routines that enabled them to learn how to visually package knowledge into accessible figures and patterns of information, thereby making acts of inscription and visualization meaningful tools that benefitted both the self and society.
Processes on Paper: Writing Procedures as Non-Material Research Devices
Authors: Hoffmann Christoph 
Published: April 2013

ArgumentThe paper focuses on the instrumentality of writing in the context of scientific research. It is suggested that the tool-character of writing is related to specific writing procedures, such as the list. These procedures can vary in their degree of complexity and often follow rules that are not codified. In any case, writing procedures can be characterized as non-material devices of “concretion.” Two examples from the notebooks of the physicist and philosopher of science, Ernst Mach (1838–1916), will help to develop the notion of writing procedures. Typical for Mach's use of his notebooks, they highlight the effects of writing in the context of reasoning and reflecting.
Outlining Species: Drawing as a Research Technique in Contemporary Biology
Authors: Wittmann Barbara 
Published: April 2013

ArgumentBiological drawings of newly described or revised species are expected to represent the type specimen with greatest possible accuracy. In taxonomic practice, illustrations assume the function of mobile representatives of relatively immobile specimens. In other words, such illustrations serve as “immutable mobiles” in the Latourian sense. However, the significance of drawing in the context of first descriptions goes far beyond that of illustration in the conventional sense. Not only does it synthesize the verbal catalogue of the type's morphological characteristics: it also enables the examination of these traits. The efficacy of drawing is thus closely related to its power to direct and redirect observation; it is inextricably bound up with the act of making a drawing. Although the invariance of the “immutable mobiles” is a key virtue of the logistics of “paperwork,” the recovery of graphic knowledge requires a much stronger dynamic activity – a process of sequential processing that brings out differences by translating the phenomenon under examination into various modes of graphic representation.
Gene–environment interaction between dopamine receptor D4 7-repeat polymorphism and early maternal sensitivity predicts inattention trajectories across middle childhood
Authors: Berry Daniel , Deater-Deckard Kirby , McCartney Kathleen , Wang Zhe , Petrill Stephen A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractEvidence suggests that the 7-repeat variant of a 48 base pair variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene may be associated with the development of attention problems. A parallel literature suggests that genes linked to dopaminergic functioning may be associated with differential sensitivity to context, such that the direction of the genetic effect is hypothesized to vary across environmental experience. Guided by these literatures, we used data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development to consider (a) whether individual differences in children's inattention problems across middle childhood are predicted by gene–environment interactions between theDRD4gene 7-repeat polymorphism and children's experiences of maternal sensitivity across infancy and early childhood and (b) the degree to which such interactions are consistent with the differential-sensitivity model. Largely consistent with the hypothesized model, gene–environment interactions indicated that, in the context of insensitive early maternal care, theDRD47-repeat polymorphism was associated with higher levels of inattention. Although somewhat less consistently, there was also evidence that, in the context of highly sensitive care, the 7-repeat polymorphism was associated with lower levels of inattention. Overall, the magnitude of the absolute genetic effect increased over time, as children's inattention trajectories diverged.
The longitudinal development of emotion regulation capacities in children at risk for externalizing disorders
Authors: Halligan Sarah L. , Cooper Peter J. , Fearon Pasco , Wheeler Sarah L. , Crosby Michelle , Murray Lynne 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe development of emotional regulation capacities in children at high versus low risk for externalizing disorder was examined in a longitudinal study investigating: (a) whether disturbances in emotion regulation precede and predict the emergence of externalizing symptoms and (b) whether sensitive maternal behavior is a significant influence on the development of child emotion regulation. Families experiencing high (n= 58) and low (n= 63) levels of psychosocial adversity were recruited to the study during pregnancy. Direct observational assessments of child emotion regulation capacities and maternal sensitivity were completed in early infancy, at 12 and 18 months, and at 5 years. Key findings were as follows. First, high-risk children showed poorer emotion regulation capacities than their low-risk counterparts at every stage of assessment. Second, from 12 months onward, emotion regulation capacities showed a degree of stability and were associated with behavioral problems, both concurrently and prospectively. Third, maternal sensitivity was related to child emotion regulation capacities throughout development, with poorer emotion regulation in the high-risk group being associated with lower maternal sensitivity. The results are consistent with a causal role for problems in the regulation of negative emotions in the etiology of externalizing psychopathology and highlight insensitive parenting as a potentially key developmental influence.
Interactive contributions of self-regulation deficits and social motivation to psychopathology: Unraveling divergent pathways to aggressive behavior and depressive symptoms
Authors: Rudolph Karen D. , Troop-Gordon Wendy , Llewellyn Nicole 
Published: April 2013

AbstractPoor self-regulation has been implicated as a significant risk factor for the development of multiple forms of psychopathology. This research examined the proposition that self-regulation deficits differentially predict aggressive behavior and depressive symptoms, depending on children's social approach versus avoidance motivation. A prospective, multiple-informant approach was used to test this hypothesis in 419 children (Mage = 8.92,SD= 0.36). Parents rated children's inhibitory control. Children completed measures of social approach–avoidance motivation and depressive symptoms. Teachers rated children's aggressive behavior. As anticipated, poor inhibitory control predicted aggressive behavior in boys with high but not low approach motivation and low but not high avoidance motivation, whereas poor inhibitory control predicted depressive symptoms in girls with high but not low avoidance motivation. This research supports several complementary theoretical models of psychopathology and provides insight into the differential contributions of poor self-regulation to maladaptive developmental outcomes. The findings suggest the need for targeted intervention programs that consider heterogeneity among children with self-regulatory deficits.
Multiple-object tracking among individuals with Down syndrome and typically developing children
Authors: Brodeur Darlene A. , Trick Lana M. , Flores Heidi , Marr Caitlin , Burack Jacob A. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe investigated differences in multiple-object tracking among individuals with Down syndrome (DS) as compared to typically developing children matched on a visual–spatial mental age of approximately 5.5 years. In order to ensure that these effects did not originate in differences in encoding or reporting the positions of targets in distracters after a delay, immediate and delayed report were measured for static items. Although their immediate and delayed report for multiple static items was comparable to that of the typically developing children, the participants with DS performed as if they were only capable of tracking a single item at a time regardless of the number of targets that needed to be tracked. This finding is surprising because the operations used in multiple-object tracking are thought to be necessary for visuospatial tasks, which are an area of relative strength among persons with DS. These results call into question the idea that abilities or deficits in multiple-object tracking predict visuospatial performance, and highlight ways that atypical development can inform our understanding of typical development.
Statius on parade: performing Argive identity inThebaid6.268–95
Authors: Lovatt Helen 
Published: April 2013

In book 6 of theThebaid, Statius puts on a funeral for a baby prince (Opheltes) accidentally crushed by the flick of a giant serpent's tail, while his nurse is busy telling her life story to the leaders of the Argive army on their way to Thebes. The Argives hold full-scale funeral games, which represent an opportunity to play with epic predecessors and create a new world between Greece and Rome, epic and reality. At 268–95, nine days after Opheltes' funeral pyre has burnt out, after the crowd have arrived for the games and before the chariot race, Statius stages a procession. I give the full passage:exin magnanimum series antiqua parentuminuehitur, miris in uultum animata figuris.primus anhelantem duro Tirynthius angenspectoris attritu sua frangit in ossa leonem.haud ilium impauidi quamuis et in aere suumqueInachidae uidere decus. pater ordine iunctolaeuus harundineae recubans super aggere ripaecernitur emissaeque indulgens Inachus urnae.Io post tergum, iam prona dolorque parentis,spectat inocciduis stellatum uisibus Argum.ast illam melior Phariis erexerat aruisIuppiter atque hospes iam tunc Aurora colebat.Tantalus inde parens, non qui fallentibus undisinminet aut refugae sterilem rapit aera siluae,sed pius et magni uehitur conuiua Tonantis.parte alia uictor curru Neptunia tenditlora Pelops, prensatque rotas auriga natantesMyrtilos et uolucri iam iamque relinquitur axe.et grauis Acrisius speciesque horrenda Coroebiet Danae culpata sinus et in amne repertotristis Amymone, paruoque Alcmena superbitHercule tergemina crinem circumdata luna.iungunt discordes inimica in foedera dextrasBelidae fratres, sed uultu mitior astatAegyptus; Danai manifestum agnoscere fictoore notas pacisque malae noctisque futurae.mille dehinc species, tandem satiata uoluptaspraestantesque uiros uocat ad sua praemia uirtus.(Thebaid6.268-95)
Notes on Mycenaean spelling
Authors: Meißner Torsten 
Published: April 2013

Ever since the decipherment of Linear B, a large amount has been written on Mycenaean spelling. The basic rules were established very quickly, although the debate is still continuing as to the theoretical basis of Mycenaean spelling; various models have been proposed here. One of the most serious problems for all existing models is that at the edges, there is spelling variation that simply cannot be captured by one and the same algorithm. Here, we shall look at two such cases:• the graphic rendering of the subphonemic glidesjandwas in e.g.i-je-re-u,a-re-ku-tu-ru-wowhich can be contrasted with later Greek ἱερεύς and ἀλεκτρυών where the glides are not or not routinely indicated;• and so-calledplene writing; this term is used in a variety of meanings. Here, we shall deal with the graphic rendering of consonants in the coda of final syllables where the standard spelling rules would predict their omission, e.g.wa-na-karendering /wanaks/ where the spelling rules would predict a renderingwa-na.
Linkage control between molecular and supramolecular chirality in 21-helical hydrogen-bonded networks using achiral components
Authors: Sasaki Toshiyuki , Hisaki Ichiro , Miyano Tetsuya , Tohnai Norimitsu , Morimoto Kazuya , Sato Hisako , Tsuzuki Seiji , Miyata Mikiji 
Published: April 2013

AbstractChiral molecules preferentially form one-handed supramolecular assemblies that reflect the absolute configuration of the molecules. Under specific conditions, however, the opposite-handed supramolecular assemblies are also obtained because of flexibility in the bond length and reversibility of non-covalent interactions. The mechanism of the handedness selectivity or switching phenomenon remains ambiguous, and most phenomena are observed by chance. Here we demonstrate the construction of chiral hydrogen-bonded twofold helical assemblies with controlled handedness in the crystalline state based on crystallographic studies. Detailed investigation of the obtained crystal structures enabled us to clarify the mechanism, and the handedness of the supramolecular chirality was successfully controlled by exploiting achiral factors. This study clearly reveals a connection between molecular chirality and supramolecular chirality in the crystalline state.
Libraries and the homeless
Authors: Bunić Sanja 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of the study is to present three models of organising library services for the homeless. The work experience of Zagreb City Libraries in each of the models provides a better insight into the challenges of each model and into the ways of overcoming them. Furthermore, it may indicate to others what to expect during the implementation of such models.Design/methodology/approachThe study presents first‐hand real‐life experiences in organising the project for the homeless and its programs. The project of Zagreb City Libraries “A Book for a Roof” was made possible by the grant awarded by the international non‐profit organisation EIFL (Electronic Information for Libraries).FindingsThe author's experience shows that each model poses certain challenges and opportunities for the library and its partners regardless of the location of the library services – whether they were organised in the library or the shelter – and regardless of the necessary attendance – regular or occasional.Originality/valueThe author's experience from the pioneering project of the Zagreb City Libraries “A Book for a Roof” is particularly valuable in that the project has the goal of empowering the homeless to become actively involved in the labor market. Furthermore, most of the project was implemented at the largest homeless shelter in Zagreb. Librarians in public libraries thus found themselves in front of new and more complex challenges in organising services for the homeless.
The European Social Fund: a very specific case instrument of HRD policy
Authors: Tomé Eduardo 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThis paper aims to review the intervention of the European Social Fund (ESF) as an instrument of human resource development (HRD) policies in the European labor market.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses an economic background, and reviews the official documents produced by the ESF during its history to try to define its economic impact.FindingsThe paper concludes that the ESF was mainly a force of absorption of funds, which were sent from the European Union (EU) budget to certain regions.Research limitations/implicationsThe absorption logic has the implication that it is doubtful that the ESF completely pursued its aims, because the urge to absorb money somehow overshadowed the need to use it efficiently.Originality/valueThis is the first time the ESF action has been reviewed in one single paper from an economic point‐of‐view.
Team learning beliefs and behaviours in response teams
Authors: Boon Anne , Raes Elisabeth , Kyndt Eva , Dochy Filip 
Published: April 2013

PurposeTeams, teamwork and team learning have been the subject of many research studies over the last decades. This article aims at investigating and confirming the Team Learning Beliefs and Behaviours (TLB&B) model within a very specific population, i.e. police and firemen teams. Within this context, the paper asks whether the team's beliefs about the interpersonal context and the occurrence of three team learning behaviours (construction, co‐construction and constructive conflict) play a role in building and maintaining mutually shared cognition in a collaborative learning environment leading to a higher effectiveness. Self‐efficacy was added to the original model. Furthermore, the effect of team meeting frequency on the TLB&B model was investigated.Design/methodology/approachAll constructs were measured using the validated Team Learning Beliefs and Behaviours Questionnaire completed with the self‐efficacy scale. Data were collected from 126 teams (nindividuals=769) and analysed using stepwise multi‐level regression analyses and analyses of variance.FindingsThe results show that the examined model generally applies to the data. Furthermore, self‐efficacy was found to be a valuable addition to the model.Originality/valueThis article validates an existing team learning model in a new context, namely that of response teams. Furthermore, it adds self‐efficacy as a predictor for team learning behaviours and team effectiveness. A multilevel‐approach was used as a valuable alternative of aggregating individual perceptions to team constructs.
Robert Owen: a historiographic study of a pioneer of human resource development
Authors: Hatcher Tim 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the ideals and activities of the nineteenth century Welsh industrialist and reformer Robert Owen (1771‐1858), and how they informed modern human resource development (HRD) concepts and practices and provided evidence of Owen as a HRD pioneer.Design/methodology/approachHistoriography provided a method to understand how historical figures, and the context in which they lived and worked, inform contemporary research and practice.FindingsContextual factors of economics, politics and societal demands and the influences of Owen's early life, his immersion within the British factory system and the creation of the New Lanark mill village, Owen's great work experiment, revealed a strong impact on his thinking and actions. Thematic findings included: managing people and profit, education and training, pioneering workplace innovations, and the failure of the New Harmony, Indiana community. Themes provided unique historical evidence that education and development of workers, and the creation of humane work and community environments are linked across time and contexts to modern concepts of human resource development and thus supported Owen as a HRD pioneer.Practical implicationsUnderstanding the ideals and workplace experiments and contextual influences on a historical figure such as Robert Owen illustrate how modern concepts of workforce training and education, diversity, equality and justice and social responsibility originated and the importance of contexts on their development and success.Social implicationsContexts of economics, politics and societal demands greatly influence organizations and the creation of humane workplaces that nurture human potential.Originality/valueThe study brings history and historiography as a research method to the forefront of HRD research and practice. The study provides the beginnings of a collective historical memory that can contribute to HRD defining itself and establishing its identity as a discipline.
Some new computational methods for the Allen‐Cahn equation with non‐periodic boundary conditions arising in computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Khan Yasir , Ali Ishtiaq , Islam S. , Biao Wu Qing 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present some numerical methods based on different time stepping and space discretization methods for the Allen‐Cahn equation with non‐periodic boundary conditions.Design/methodology/approachIn space the equation is discretized by the Chebyshev spectral method, while in time the exponential time differencing fourth‐order Runge‐Kutta (ETDRK4) and implicit‐explicit scheme are used. Also, for comparison the finite difference scheme in both space and time is used.FindingsIt is found that the use of implicit‐explicit scheme allows use of a large time‐step, since an explicit method has less order of accuracy as compared to implicit‐explicit method. In time‐stepping the proposed ETDRK4 does not behave well for this special kind of partial differential equation.Originality/valueThe paper presents some numerical methods based on different time stepping and space discretization methods for the Allen‐Cahn equation with non‐periodic boundary conditions.
Numerical investigation of thermal radiation effects on open cavity with discrete heat sources
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Jamalabadi M.Y. , Ghassemi M. , Hamedi M.H. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeNatural convection heat transfer combined with radiation heat transfer is used in electronic cooling. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the thermal loading characteristics of an enclosure.Design/methodology/approachThe goal is to investigate the effect of thermal radiation on thermal and flow characteristics of the cavity. The enclosure lower wall is at constant temperature and the upper wall is adiabatic while there are several discrete heat sources inside the cavity. In addition the effect of parameters such as heating number (Nr), aspect ratio (A), the number of heaters (N), and thermal radiation on the maximum and mean temperature of system, thermal loading characteristics of the system, Nusselt number, and the maximum stream function rate is performed. To solve the governing nonlinear differential equations (mass, momentum, and energy), a finite‐volume code based on Patankar's SIMPLE method is utilized.FindingsHeat transfer by natural convection solely and it's conjugation with thermal radiation on the thermal and flow characteristics of the system is studied. Also a parametric study illustrating the influence of the heating number, aspect ratio, the number of heaters, and thermal radiation on the maximum and mean temperature of system, thermal loading characteristics of the system, Nusselt number, and the maximum stream function rate is investigated. The results have revealed that the thermal radiation have an important effect on the thermal characteristics of system at low heating numbers.Research limitations/implicationsThe relevant governing parameters were: the heating number, Nr from 0.05 to 500, the cavity aspect ratio, A=H/L from 0.1 to 1 and the number of heaters, N, is an odd number ranging from 1 to 19Practical implicationsThis work is numerical investigation only but can have engineering application such as electronic cooling, transformers, fusion reactors technology, hot structures, fuel cells, fibrous insulations and solar‐energy drying systems.Originality/valueThe effect of radiation in enclosure with discrete heaters within fluid has not been addressed in the literature.