bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐Sorting Effects in the Self‐Assembly of Metallosupramolecular Rhombi from Chiral BINOL‐Derived Bis(pyridine) Ligands
Authors: Gütz Christoph , Hovorka Rainer , Stobe Caroline , Struch Niklas , Topić Filip , Schnakenburg Gregor , Rissanen Kari , Lützen Arne 
Published: November 2013

AbstractFour BINOL‐based bis(4‐pyridyl) ligands were synthesised in enantiopure and racemic form. These ligands form metallosupramolecular [(dppp)2M2L2] rhombi with cis‐protected [(dppp)Pd]2+ and [(dppp)Pt]2+ ions. In principle, racemic ligands can self‐assemble into three stereoisomeric rhombi. The degree of self‐sorting in the self‐assembly process crucially depends on the substitution pattern and the resulting bend angle of the V‐shaped ligands as well as the degree of steric crowding within the assembly when racemic ligands are used. Thus, these processes either lead to homochiral assemblies in a narcissistic self‐recognition manner, to heterochiral assemblies in a social self‐discriminating manner, or proceed in a nonselective fashion as evidenced by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Analysis of the Effect of Cellulose Particle Size on the Rate of Microbial Hydrolysis for Bioethanol Production
Authors: Dionisi Davide 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThis study develops a new approach to analyze the effect of particle size on the rate of the microbial hydrolysis of cellulose under anaerobic conditions. The new approach is based on the quantitative analysis of the ratios of the cellulose‐particle surface areas and those of the microorganisms. It is shown that the effectiveness of the microbial‐hydrolysis process is expected to depend both on the particle size and on the cellulose/biomass ratio. At low cellulose/biomass ratios, a decrease in particle size is expected to bring an increase in the rate of microbial hydrolysis, because the rate is limited by the cellulose availability. At high cellulose/biomass ratios, the cellulose particle size is expected to have no or limited effect on the hydrolysis rate, because the rate is limited by the biomass concentration. The available literature data on the rate of microbial cellulose hydrolysis are critically analyzed and a new kinetic model for the microbial hydrolysis of particulate substances is developed.
Manual segmentation of individual muscles of the quadriceps femoris using MRI: A reappraisal
Authors: Barnouin Yoann , Butler‐Browne Gillian , Voit Thomas , Reversat David , Azzabou Noura , Leroux Gaëlle , Behin Anthony , McPhee Jamie S. , Carlier Pierre G. , Hogrel Jean‐Yves 
Published: November 2013

PurposeTo propose a manual segmentation method for individual quadriceps femoris (QF) muscles and to test its reliability for muscle volume estimation.Materials and MethodsImages were acquired every 5 mm along the thigh using a 3T MRI scanner on 10 young (mean age: 25 years) and 10 older (mean age: 75 years) adults using a three‐point 3D Dixon sequence. In each slice, anatomical cross‐sectional areas of the individual quadriceps muscles of the dominant leg were outlined by two operators working independently. Differences between operators were assessed by means of Bland–Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). This study was approved by the local Ethics Committee.ResultsPrecise delimitation of individual muscles along the femur often remains challenging, particularly near their insertion areas where some muscles may be partially or totally fused. There was, however, an excellent interoperator segmentation reliability despite a systematic significant difference between operators (ICC > 0.99), mainly due to delineation divergences. Considering all subjects and muscles, differences between operators were all lower than 4.4%.ConclusionThis work has demonstrated the excellent reliability of manual segmentation to assess cross‐sectional areas and therefore the volume of individual QF muscles using MRI. It may serve as a basis for a future segmentation consensus of the QF muscles. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:239–247. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cerebrovascular reactivity mapping in patients with low grade gliomas undergoing presurgical sensorimotor mapping with BOLD fMRI
Authors: Zacà Domenico , Jovicich Jorge , Nadar Sreenivasan R. , Voyvodic James T. , Pillai Jay J. 
Published: November 2013

Purpose(i) to validate blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) breathhold cerebrovascular reactivity (BH CVR) mapping as an effective technique for potential detection of neurovascular uncoupling (NVU) in a cohort of patients with perirolandic low grade gliomas undergoing presurgical functional MRI (fMRI) for sensorimotor mapping, and (ii) to determine whether NVU potential, as assessed by BH CVR mapping, is prevalent in this tumor group.Materials and MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 12 patients, with histological diagnosis of grade II glioma, who performed multiple motor tasks and a BH task. Sensorimotor activation maps and BH CVR maps were compared in two automatically defined regions of interest (ROIs), ipsilateral to the lesion (i.e., ipsilesional) and contralateral to the lesion (i.e., contralesional).ResultsMotor task mean T‐value was significantly higher in the contralesional ROIs (6.00 ± 1.74 versus 4.34 ± 1.68; P = 0.00004) as well as the BH mean T‐value (4.74 ± 2.30 versus 4.09 ± 2.50; P = 0.009). The number of active voxels was significantly higher in the contralesional ROIs (Z = 2.99; P = 0.03). Actual NVU prevalence was 75%.ConclusionPresurgical sensorimotor fMRI mapping can be affected by NVU‐related false negative activation in low grade gliomas (76% of analyzed tasks). J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:383–390. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
UV Laser Processing for Semiconductor Devices
Authors: Krüger Olaf , Grundmüller Richard 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe application of reliable laser sources is well‐established in several fields of industry including automotive, electronics, and medical manufacturing on macro, micro, and even nanometer scales [1]. In modern semiconductor technology, silicon is the dominating material. Further materials like gallium nitride (GaN) and silicon carbide (SiC) allow for higher operating frequencies and power levels, i. e., high‐speed electronics and high‐power applications. However, their chemical and physical properties do not only allow extending the limits of silicon‐based device performance, but also call for alternative methods of processing.
Laser Welding of Fine Structures
Authors: Brunnecker Frank , Sieben Manuel , Jaus Tobias 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe range of applications for microfluidic systems has rapidly developed in the last few years. Now that the technology has established itself the demands on this reliable and economical manufacturing processes are growing. With PrecisionWeld, LPKF is presenting a laser system that has several decisive improvements in this area: the ClearJoining laser welding process for especially fine structures, optimized detection of channels and clamping technology that eliminates impairments of preliminary processes.
Laser Welding of Large Plastic Components
Authors: Buechel Andreas , Oswald Gerhard 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe welding of large scale closed plastic components with integrated functional elements inside is always a challenge to producers, just think for example of the reachable joint tolerances, depending on the method used. To also use laser beam welding in this application field, Jenoptik's Lasers & Material Processing division has developed a welding system with an in sections on/off switchable diode laser line.
Probing the Surface Swelling in Ultra‐Thin Supported Polystyrene Films During Case II Diffusion of n‐Hexane
Authors: Ogieglo Wojciech , Wormeester Herbert , Wessling Matthias , Benes Nieck E. 
Published: November 2013

In situ time‐resolved spectroscopic ellipsometry is used to study the dynamics of n‐hexane diffusion into, and the corresponding induced swelling of, ultra‐thin polystyrene films. The experimental conditions are carefully selected to facilitate the observation of anomalous Case II diffusion in the system, thereby allowing the probing of the chain‐relaxation dynamics of a sharp moving penetrant front within the films. It has been found that the two different approaches to the obtained data are in quantitative agreement and suggest the existence of a finite thickness region of 14 ± 3 nm in the outer film interface that is instantly swollen after contact with the penetrant. The thickness of this fast swelling layer is found to be independent of swelling temperature and physical aging time. After the interface is swollen, the diffusion front velocity shows no significant spatial variations in the direction perpendicular to the substrate, but is strongly dependent on temperature and sample aging history.
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1,4‐Bisbenzil: Visible‐Light‐ and Heat‐Assisted Crosslinking of Polystyrene Films
Authors: Lukáč Ivan , Kósa Csaba , Husár Branislav 
Published: November 2013

Polystyrene (PS) film containing 1,4‐bisbenzil is efficiently crosslinked in two steps. In the first step, visible light (λ > 400 nm) causes molecular oxygen to insert between two carbonyl groups of one of the 1,2‐dicarbonyl groups. The peroxide is subsequently decomposed by absorption of another photon, forming acyloxy radicals, which add to the aromatic ring of the PS chain. The remaining 1,2‐dicarbonyl group is then photoperoxidized to form PS with pendant benzoyl peroxide moieties. In the second step, pendant benzoyl peroxide groups are decomposed thermally to form acyloxy macroradicals responsible for the crosslinking. Crosslinking proceeds simultaneously with degradation. Finally, the gel content in the film may exceed 80 wt%.
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An efficient complex‐frequency shifted‐perfectly matched layer for second‐order acoustic wave equation
Authors: Ma Youneng , Yu Jinhua , Wang Yuanyuan 
Published: November 2013

SUMMARYIn the context of simulations of wave propagations in unbounded domain, absorbing boundary conditions are often used to truncate the simulation domain to a finite space. Perfectly matched layer (PML) has proven to be an excellent absorbing boundary conditions. However, as this technique was primarily designed for the first‐order equation system, it cannot be applied to the second‐order equation system directly. In this paper, based on a complex‐coordinate stretching technique, we developed a novel, efficient auxiliary‐differential equation form of the complex‐frequency shifted‐PML for the second‐order equation system. This facilitates the use of complex‐frequency shifted‐PML in acoustic simulations based upon wave equations of second‐order form. Compared with previous state‐of‐the‐art methods, the proposed one has the advantage of simpler implementation. It is an unsplit‐field scheme that can be extended to higher‐order discretization schemes conveniently. Numerical results from both homogeneous and heterogeneous computational domains are provided to illustrate the validity of the method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Llamas in the Cornfield: Prehispanic Agro‐Pastoral System in the Southern Andes
Authors: Dantas M. , Figueroa G.  G. , Laguens A. 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTWe report a study of the organisation of camelid production at the Ambato Valley, northern Argentine Andes, between the 6th and 11th centuries ad. We aim to contribute to the understanding of the different modes of economic production adopted in the past within non‐egalitarian social contexts.In view of this, information collected from previous studies is analysed from multiple perspectives, centering on the application of different analytical techniques to the assemblage of camelid bones (anatomical and taxonomical identification, osteometry and stable isotopes), to their diverse archaeological contexts and architectural and agricultural units, together with the implementation of frames of reference and ethnoarchaeological models. The results support the presence of an organisational mode for the production of plants and animals on the basis of a combination of different agrarian and livestock productive strategies under a unique new integrated agro‐pastoral practice, differing from both previous ones. This new practice combined, in the very same land, the use of pens and agriculture terraces in an annual productive cycle adjusted to the seasonal calendar, where maize production was used as stubble for llamas during the dry season, at the same time those fertilised corn fields during fallow.Although this new practice suggests an intensification in production, the bond and synergy of animal and plant productive strategies in a single practice could be considered risky because it decreases the range of possible responses to external fluctuation, to the extent that these could have influenced simultaneously or indirectly on both resources. This might have implied an extra factor contributing to the destructuration of the Ambato societies around 1000 ad. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die Surfer im Erdschwerefeld
Authors: Flechtner Frank , Güntner Andreas , Förste Christoph 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDie Kenntnis des Schwerefeldes der Erde und seiner zeitlichen Variationen, wie es seit Beginn dieses Jahrhunderts mit Satelliten wie CHAMP, GRACE oder GOCE mit nie da gewesener Genauigkeit vermessen wird, erlaubt Einblicke in die Struktur und Dynamik des Erdinneren und ermöglicht das Studium von Massentransportprozessen an der Erdoberfläche. Zusammen mit dem Geoid lassen sich aus den zeitlichen Variationen des Schwerefeldes wichtige physikalische Informationen für die Geodäsie, Geophysik, Ozeanographie, Glaziologie und Hydrologie ableiten. Zudem tragen die neuen Messdaten zum besseren Verständnis klimarelevanter Prozesse bei. Zukünftig soll GRACE Follow‐on diese Messungen mit erhöhter Genauigkeit fortführen.
Die Entdeckung des Higgs‐Bosons
Authors: Jakobs Karl , Müller Thomas 
Published: November 2013

AbstractMit der Entdeckung eines neuen Bosons am Large Hadron Collider hat die Teilchenphysik einen großen Durchbruch erzielt. Alle bislang von den ATLAS‐ und CMS‐Kollaborationen vorgelegten Ergebnisse zu den Produktions‐ und Zerfallsprozessen und somit zu den Kopplungsstärken an die bekannten Teilchen entsprechen den Erwartungen an das Higgs‐Boson des Standardmodells. Dazu gehört auch eine klare Evidenz für die skalare Natur des Teilchens. Seine Masse liegt bei 125,6 GeV/c2, es besitzt den Spin 0, und auch die Kopplungen an Fermionen und Bosonen entsprechen den Erwartungen. Ob es sich tatsächlich um “das” Higgs‐Boson des Standardmodells handelt oder ob sich doch vielleicht kleine Abweichungen in den Kopplungsstärken ergeben oder gar noch weitere Higgs‐Bosonen auftauchen, müssen weitere Messungen zeigen. Mit der Wiederaufnahme des LHC‐Betriebs im Jahre 2015 bei etwa der doppelten Energie des Beschleunigers werden die Messungen mit höherer Präzision fortgesetzt werden. Darüber hinaus erlaubt die hohe Energie den Vorstoß in neue, bislang unerforschte Massenbereiche, in denen eventuell auch Antworten auf weitere offene Fragen der Physik, beispielsweise nach der Natur der Dunklen Materie gefunden werden können.
Wie schwach wird die starke Kraft?
Authors: Rabbertz Klaus 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWissenschaftler des CMS‐Experiments am Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Genf haben im Laufe dieses Jahres neue Ergebnisse zur Bestimmung der Kopplungskonstanten αS der starken Wechselwirkung bekannt gegeben. Die Messungen bei bisher unerreichten Energien bestätigen die Vorhersage des Standardmodells und liefern keinen Hinweis auf neue Phänomene.
Magnetismus im Stress: Gleichzeitiger Anti‐ und Ferromagnetismus
Authors: Schneider Christof W. , Niedermayer Christof 
Published: November 2013

AbstractDie gleichzeitige Existenz von Magnetismus und Ferroelektrizät in einem Material ist selten. Setzt sich dieser Magnetismus aus mehreren unabhängigen, magnetischen Grundzuständen zusammen, ist das ungewöhnlich. Einer schweizerisch‐französischen Zusammenarbeit unter Leitung des Paul Scherrer Instituts ist es gelungen, mehrere magnetische Grundzustände in einem Material zu realisieren und detailliert zu untersuchen.
Heimlich mit der Gattin im Labor
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: November 2013

AbstractEr wird im selben Jahr geboren, in dem die Existenz von Atomkernen experimentell nachgewiesen wird – “ein glücklicher Zufall”, stellt er später fest. In Wirklichkeit sind eine ganze Reihe anderer Zufälle viel entscheidender für seinen Weg in die Physik, der in recht unphysikalischer familiärer Umgebung seinen Anfang nimmt.
Schäumendes Öl für vollen Geschmack
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAus gastronomischer Sicht ist es wünschenswert, wohlschmeckende aromatisierte Öle, Oliven‐ oder Kürbiskernöl zu verdicken oder luftig leicht aufzuschäumen. Doch es gibt nur wenige öllösliche und verzehrbare Substanzen, mit denen das möglich ist. Mono‐ und Diglyceride sind die Helfer in der Not.
Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in the kindred of an infant with CFTR‐related metabolic syndrome: Importance of follow‐up that includes monitoring sweat chloride concentrations over time
Authors: Williams Sophia N. , Nussbaum Eliezer , Chin Terry W. , Do Paul C.M. , Singh Kathryn E. , Randhawa Inderpal 
Published: November 2013

SummaryNewly implemented newborn screening (NBS) programs in California have resulted in a large subset of patients in whom at least two cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations are identified, but subsequent sweat chloride analysis reveals normal or indeterminate values. These patients are diagnosed with CFTR‐Related Metabolic Syndrome (CRMS). However, the natural progression and management of these patients are not clearly understood and frequently after the age of 1‐year these patients are lost to follow‐up with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Centers. We present the first case of an infant who was referred to Miller Children's Hospital for a NBS positive for CF and subsequent discovery of identical mutations in six of his seven older brothers. Several siblings had positive sweat chloride results on repeat testing after the age of 3 years. We suggest the need for continued follow‐up of CRMS in a CF center with diagnostic evaluation including repeat sweat chloride testing, beyond the currently recommended period. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:E103–E108. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unilateral pulmonary agenesis: A report of four cases, two diagnosed antenatally and literature review
Authors: Kayemba‐Kay's S. , Couvrat‐Carcauzon V. , Goua V. , Podevin G. , Marteau M. , Sapin E. , Levard G. 
Published: November 2013

SummaryPulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital malformation of lung development defined as complete absence of lung tissues, bronchi, and pulmonary vessels; it may be uni‐ or bilateral. The right‐sided form carries the poorest prognosis due to severity of co‐existent anomalies. Its diagnostic circumstances are variables: first reported cases were diagnosed at autopsy, but early postnatal as well as fortuitous discovery have been reported. In recent years, progress in obstetrical imaging has made antenatal diagnosis possible so that fetal ultrasound and MRI allow early diagnosis and refinement by permitting the elimination of differential diagnoses (diaphragmatic hernia, cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung, giant lobar emphysema, and situs inversus). This anomaly is compatible with normal life provided co‐existent malformations are thoroughly investigated and managed in a multidisciplinary setting. We report four cases of lung agenesis two of which were diagnosed antenatally at 23rd and 30th weeks of gestation respectively. Our aim is to describe the circumstances having led to diagnosis and report both follow‐up and outcome of our patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:E96–E102. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanism of strain relaxation in BaSi2 epitaxial films on Si(111) substrates during post‐growth annealing and application for film exfoliation
Authors: Hara Kosuke O. , Usami Noritaka , Nakamura Kotaro , Takabe Ryouta , Baba Masakazu , Toko Kaoru , Suemasu Takashi 
Published: November 2013

AbstractStrain accumulation and relaxation in BaSi2 epitaxial films on Si(111) substrates during thermal treatments have been studied. The 2θ –ω X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that the film‐normal lattice parameters (a) in epitaxial films are smaller than that in the bulk, indicating in‐plane tensile stress is accumulated in the asgrown films. Resultant curvature of the substrate has been observed by spatially‐resolved X‐ray rocking curve analysis. This strain is relaxed by post‐growth annealing through cracking.The conditions of cracking are revealed in terms of the film thickness and annealing temperature, from which the mechanism of strain relaxation is discussed. It is found from the tape test that the films with cracks can be exfoliated with an adhesive tape. The free‐standing annealed films are subjected to the microwave‐detected photoconductivity decay measurement, which reveals a long minority‐carrier lifetime of 5 μs. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Epitaxial growth of BaSi2 films with large grains using vicinal Si(111) substrates
Authors: Baba Masakazu , Hara Kosuke O. , Toko Kaoru , Saito Noriyuki , Yoshizawa Noriko , Usami Noritaka , Suemasu Takashi 
Published: November 2013

Abstracta‐axis oriented BaSi2 epitaxial films were grown on vicinal Si(111) using molecular beam epitaxy. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the grain size of BaSi2 was increased up to 6.0 μm ×1.0 μm, stretching along Si〈1$ \bar 1 $0〉 rather than Si〈11$ \bar 2 $〉. Electron backscatter diffraction showed that half of the surface was covered with this elongated epitaxial variant. Kelvin probe force microscopy indicated that grain boundaries of these grains do not work as recombination center for minority carriers (holes). On the other hand, randomly‐oriented small grains work as recombination areas. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spectral tuning of InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot infrared photodetectors with bandpass guided‐mode resonance filters
Authors: McKerracher Ian , Fu Lan , Tan Hark Hoe , Jagadish Chennupati 
Published: November 2013

AbstractQuantum dot infrared photodetectors can be coupled with micro‐structured filters to create narrowband sensors. Guided‐mode resonance filters based on a high‐index dielectric slab can exhibit bandpass characteristics that are suitable for monolithic integration with focal‐plane arrays. Here, patterned Ge filters were integrated with InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot detectors to linearly tune their 77 K photoresponse peaks from 5.6 µm to 6.2 µm. The dark current was not influenced by these filters but the ability to narrow the photoresponse linewidth was limited by substrate scattering, which is often encountered with front‐side illumination architectures. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)