bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neoadjuvant anlotinib combined with penpulimab for resectable locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC): Updated data from a prospective, phase II trial.
Authors: Chen Yueyun , Yuan Yong , Yang Yu-Shang , Lin Zhen , Tian Jiangfang , Liu Ting , Yue Zheng , Shi Hua-Shan , Hu Yang , Ding Zhen-Yu 
Published: August 2024

e16079 Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy followed by radical surgery has been extensively recommended for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, toxicities and challenges to the subsequent surgery limit its wide clinical application. Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with antiangiogenesis have synergistic effects and have shown good therapeutic effects in previous studies, as well as fewer side effects. Here, we tested a novel combination of anlotinib (an antiangiogeneic kinase inhibitor) and penpulimab (an anti-PD-1 antibody), devoid of radio- or chemo-therapy, for the neoadjuvant therapy of locally advanced ESCC. Methods: In this prospective, single-arm, phase II clinical trial (ChiCTR2200064848), patients(pts) with resectable locally advanced ESCC (clinical stage III-IVa) were recruited. The study was designed using a two-stage minimax approach. The planned sample size was 40 pts would provide 80% power at a one-sided alpha error of 5%, threshold pathological complete response (pCR) of 16% and expected pCR of 30%. Pts received neoadjuvant therapy with anlotinib (8 mg, po, D1-14, Q3W) combined with penpulimab (200 mg, ivgtt, Q3W) for 2 cycles. Six to eight weeks later, pts underwent radical surgery after exclusion of contraindications. The primary endpoint was pCR rate. Secondary endpoints included tumor regression grade (TRG), R0 resection rate, objective response rate (ORR) and safety profile. Results: From Jan 2023 to Nov 2023, 25 pts (19 males and 6 females) were enrolled with a median age of 67 years (range: 50-74). A concerning 92% were diagnosed with lymph node metastasis. Moreover, 85% (22/25) pts exhibited medical contraindications, including pure red cell aplasia, compromised pulmonary function, and poor nutritional status, etc.) rendering them ineligible for standard neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy or chemotherapy. All pts were available for efficacy assessment, ORR and DCR were 48.0% and 96.0%, respectively. Of these, 21 pts underwent esophagectomy, with an R0 resection rate of 90.5% (19/21). The study's initial phase successfully achieved its primary endpoint, with a pCR rate of 19.0% (4/21). Furthermore, the major pathological response (MPR) was 28.6% (6/21). The most common TRAEs (≥10%) included hypertension (28.0%), hand-foot syndrome (20%), fatigue (20%), abdominal pain (12%), toothache (12%). Grade 3-4 TRAEs were observed in 12.0% of the patients (3/25), and no reports of grade 5 TRAEs. Conclusions: Preliminary results from the initial stage suggest that anlotinib combined with penpulimab as a neoadjuvant treatment for ESCC showed promising safety and efficacy, especially for those deemed unsuitable for neoadjuvant chemoradiation or chemotherapy. More ESCC pts would be recruited in the future. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2200064848.
Camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy followed by maintenance camrelizumab and apatinib as first-line therapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer: A phase II, single-arm, exploratory study.
Authors: Zhao Yanbin , Zhang Minghui , Liu Jinglei , Pu Haihong , Li Yinghong , Li Xin , Wang Yan 
Published: August 2024

e20107 Background: Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), a type of aggressive tumor known as with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis in the past decades, had recently been proved curatively effective by the combination of immune checkpoint inhibitor and platinum-based chemotherapy. Nonetheless, it is still worthy and necessary to explore the new treatment pattern considering the rapid disease progression feature of ES-SCLC. Whereupon, this study aims to explore the effectiveness and safety of camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy followed by maintenance camrelizumab and apatinib in the first-line treatment of ES-SCLC. Methods: In this phase II study, 40 patients with pathological diagnosis of ES-SCLC and without receiving prior systemetic therapy are anticipated to be enrolled, and will be dosed camrelizumab (200 mg, iv, q3w) combined with etoposide (80-100 mg/m2, iv, q3w, 4-6 cycles) and platinum drugs (selected by the researcher accordingly, iv, q3w, 4-6 cycles), followed by maintenance with camrelizumab and apatinib (250 mg, qd). The primary endpoint is 6-month progress-free survival (6-month PFS) rate while the secondary endpoints are objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival, overall survival and safety. Results: Up to January 24, 2024, 31 patients with a median age of 60 years (ranged from 38 to 75 years of age) were enrolled. Among them 28 patients out of 31 were capable for efficacy analysis, of which 23 patients achieved partial response, 3 had stable disease and 2 progressive disease. The ORR and DCR reached 82.14% and 92.86%, respectively. The 6-month PFS rate in evaluable patients was 75.44% and the median PFS was and 7.56 months. The median OS was 15.38 months. During the course of therapy, the grade 3 or worse treatment-related adverse events were hypertension (6.45%), increased ALT level(3.26%), increased AST level(3.26%), increased γ-GT(3.26%)and hypertriglyceridemia (3.26%). Common grade 1-2 adverse reactions included anemia(54.84%), nausea (54.84%), vomiting(45.16%). The treatment was well tolerated and no toxic death occurred. All the adverse events can be controlled and alleviated after symptomatic treatment. Conclusions: Camrelizumab with chemotherapy followed by maintenance camrelizumab plus apatinib showed preliminary efficacy and acceptable safety profile, and might be a promising regimen as first-line treatment in ES-SCLC. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2000035599.
Preliminary results of a randomized controlled, open-label, multi-center phase II study of camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy and camrelizumab consolidation therapy versus standard chemoradiotherapy as first-line treatment for limited-disease small cell lung cancer.
Authors: Yaping Xu , Ni Jian , Ren Shengxiang , Xu Xiaoling , Hu Min , Xu Qinghua , Chen Yun , Zhu Yaoyao 
Published: August 2024

e20132 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy have significant clinical benefits in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC). However, for patients with limited-disease SCLC (LD-SCLC), the data on immunotherapy combined with chemoradiotherapy is insufficient. Methods: In this open-label, multi-center, phase 2 trial, we randomly 1:1 assigned patients with previously untreated LD-SCLC to receive camrelizumab combined with chemotherapy followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and camrelizumab consolidation therapy or standard chemoradiotherapy. Patients with ECOG performance status of 0 to 1, and adequate organ function were eligible. For thoracic radiation, 45 Gy in 3 weeks (1.5 Gy, BID) was given on the first day of the third cycle of chemotherapy. An etoposide plus platinum-based regimen was given 4 cycles in total. Patients who had a good response to initial treatment were offered prophylactic cranial irradiation. The primary endpoint was the 1-year progression-free survival rate. We assumed that the 1-year PFS rate in the experimental group was expected to reach 65% compared to chemoradiotherapy alone group 45%, and planned to enroll 112 patients with 56 in each group. Results: Up to date, we have enrolled 40 patients. The median follow-up was 10.6 months. Safety was evaluated in all treated patients. No Grade 5 adverse event was observed. Grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 58.8% of the patients in the camrelizumab plus chemoradiotherapy and in 52.9% of those in the chemoradiotherapy alone group. The most frequent grade 3 or 4 adverse events were hematologic toxicities (70.6% vs. 58.8%). Acute esophagitis and pneumonitis of grade 3 occurred in both groups were 1/17 (5.9%) and 1/17 (5.9%), respectively. In the experimental group, only one patient was developed grade 3 immune pneumonia 1/17 (5.9%). The 1-year PFS rate was 54.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 19.5%-89.6%) with camrelizumab plus chemoradiotherapy and 44.4% (95% CI 3.9%-88.0%) with chemoradiotherapy alone. Among the 17 patients who received camrelizumab, the median PFS time was not reached, as compared with 14.35 (95% CI, 8.15-20.91) months among the 17 patients with chemoradiotherapy alone. Conclusions: In patients with LD-SCLC, the addition of camrelizumab to chemoradiotherapy did not increase the incidence of adverse events. Camrelizumab plus chemoradiotherapy resulted in an encouraging 1-year PFS rate. Larger sample sizes and longer follow-up times are required to validate our preliminary results. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR2000032275.
A Novel Maternally Inherited GNAS Variant in a Family With Hyperphagia and Obesity: 3 Cases
Authors: Ramakrishnan Anand , Popat Dillon , Purushothaman Preetha , Chan Li F , Gevers Evelien F 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
GNAS variants were recently described in 1% of patients not known to have pseudohypoparathyroidism/inactivating PTH/PTHrP signalling disorder 2 in the UK Genetics of Obesity Study. We describe a new missense GNAS variant, c.791A &gt; C, p.(Asp264Thr), in a family with obesity, hyperphagia and mild PTH resistance. A 6-year-old female (body mass index +4.3 SD score [SDS], height +1.9 SDS) presented with hyperphagia and obesity from age 3 years. She had subtle brachydactyly, macrocephaly, and mildly delayed development. The 12-year-old brother (height +2.1 SDS, body mass index +2.9 SDS) had hyperphagia, obesity, mildly delayed development, and autism. He had subtle brachydactyly, as did the affected mother. We assessed the functional effect of the mutant, measuring cAMP production in cells transfected with wild type and mutant GNAS after ligand stimulation. Cells with the mutant GNAS showed impaired cAMP generation through melanocortin receptor 4, GH releasing hormone receptor, and PTH receptor. These cases demonstrate the clinical heterogeneity of monogenic disease, suggesting a need to test for PHP1A in children with obesity even without classical signs of PHP1A.
Diabetes Stigma and Clinical Outcomes: An International Review
Authors: Eitel Kelsey B , Pihoker Catherine , Barrett Catherine E , Roberts Alissa J 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Diabetes stigma is the social burden of living with diabetes. People with diabetes may experience or perceive an adverse social judgment, prejudice, or stereotype about living with diabetes at work, school, in healthcare settings, popular culture, or relationships. This review describes the methods that have been used to assess diabetes stigma, and explores the prevalence of diabetes stigma, associated sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, cultural factors, and how diabetes stigma is associated with clinical outcomes, including HbA1c levels, diabetic ketoacidosis, severe hypoglycemia, and chronic complications, in addition to psychosocial complications in youth, adolescents, and adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The prevalence of diabetes stigma has been reported as high as 78% in adults with T1D, 70% in adults with T2D, 98% in youth and adolescents with T1D, and is unknown in youth and adolescents with T2D. Diabetes stigma has been associated with lower psychosocial functioning, decreased self-care behaviors, higher HbA1c levels, and higher frequency of diabetes complications in adults with T1D and T2D. In adolescents and young adults with T1D, diabetes stigma is associated with lower psychosocial functioning, higher HbA1c levels, and higher frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypoglycemia episodes in addition to chronic complications. In youth and adolescents with T2D, one study demonstrated an association of diabetes stigma with lower psychosocial functioning, higher HbA1c levels, and presence of retinopathy. Gaps exist in our understanding of the mechanisms of diabetes stigma, particularly in youth and adolescents with T2D.
Wartime Economics in Italy: National Accounting and Economic Planning
Authors: Rancan Antonella 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article deals with the consequences of World War II on the study of national income and the changing approach to economic planning in Italy. It concentrates on Corrado Gini's original definition of national income in terms of well-being with respect to the meaning that will prevail after the war, which was instrumental for a planning policy. Both the development of an accounting system and attempts to implement economic planning contributed to the establishment of economic expertise and to the transformation of the language of economics.
Charles Bettelheim and World War II, or The Making of a Planning Doctor
Authors: Allisson François 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The French Marxist economist Charles Bettelheim (1913–2006) conducted after the end of World War II important scientific activity on economic planning, together with an international consulting activity in developing countries, as a non-Soviet expert on Soviet planning. He was the Frenchman who whispered the Soviet way of planning in the ears of Nasser in Egypt, Nehru in India, and Che Guevara in Cuba, to mention only three obvious examples. The expression “planning doctors” is proposed in this article to designate this kind of economist who advised governments in the setting up of socialist five-year plans. In order to understand how Bettelheim became a planning doctor, the article reconstructs the formative period of his career and what role World War II played in this making, starting with his studies in political economy in France, his trip to the USSR in 1936, and his works on Soviet statistics. It is shown how World War II affected Bettelheim from an intellectual point of view, with his study of the German economy at war, and from an institutional point of view, as his encounters during the war proved instrumental for the setting of his postwar career as a planning doctor.
Analysis without Theory: How the Statistical Research Group Shaped Milton Friedman's Economic Methodology
Authors: Boumans Marcel 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article shows that Friedman's experiences with the research conducted at the Statistical Research Group (SRG) significantly shaped his 1953 methodology. These experiences gave him the ideas for a methodology for statistical analysis when dealing with “lousy data,” that is, when the conditions under which they are generated are not clear, when the data are “uncontrolled experiences.” Two views emerged from his SRG work. One is his view on theoretical assumptions: they only specify and do not determine under which conditions a model or device is expected to work. The other is his view on testing: the working of a device should be tested in comparison with a standard. Assessing the performance of a model with a benchmark model makes irrelevant the uncontrollable, only partly known, complex mass of circumstances under which both models perform. So both views were two sides of the same coin.
Introduction to Economists at War: How World War II Changed Economics (and Vice Versa)
Authors: Dupont-Kieffer Ariane , Dimand Robert W. , Rivot Sylvie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The 2023 HOPE conference aimed to understand the interrelationships between the Second World War and economics. Examining this back-and-forth means examining the transformative effect of the war on the content and status of economics but also symmetrically examining the role played by economics and economists in the conduct of the Second World War.
German-Speaking Émigré Economists in Great Britain and the Analysis of the German War Economy
Authors: Hagemann Harald 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The need for analysis of the German war economy became urgent after the defeat of France and the threat of an invasion of Britain by Nazi Germany after the battle of Dunkirk in the summer of 1940. The expertise of émigré scholars now was in strong demand. First, this essay discusses the series of twelve articles that Hans Singer contributed at the request of Keynes to the Economic Journal from 1940 to 1944. An important characteristic of war economies is a shortage of consumer goods, which raises the question of the appropriate rationing scheme. Therefore, the notion of a virtual price system, introduced by Erwin Rothbarth, which takes note of the welfare consequences of interventions into the free choices of consumers, is the focus of the next section. Hal C. Hillmann was a leading analyst of the German war economy, the comparative strength of the great powers, and postwar reconstruction. Finally, the article discusses the role of Nicholas Kaldor, who had firsthand knowledge as a key member of the research team of highbrow economists chaired by John Kenneth Galbraith that at the end of the war studied the effects of Allied bombing on the German war economy. Kaldor's experience, also as the director of the Research and Planning Division of the UN Economic Commission for Europe from 1947 to 1949, significantly influenced his pioneering contributions to growth theory.
Absenting as a Repertoire of Action
Authors: Stamatopoulou-Robbins Sophia 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article draws on fieldwork in the West Bank (2007–2017) to understand how dispossession and ruination are not only spatialized, but engaged and remade. It examines experiences of a settler frontier in Faqu'a, a Palestinian village. People there have a visual vantage point onto the majority of the village lands, which have been expropriated by Israel. Following a demolition by Israel, Faqu'ans have transformed this frontier site from a place for home-building, first into a garbage dump and then, most recently, into a garden. Faqu'ans’ shifting engagements with this site reveal that edgeness, which seems to characterize this location, is not a naturally occurring status. Edges are made. Faqu'ans periodically adjust their proximity to Faqu'a's eastern edge. By examining different people's engagements with one site over a long duration, what the article calls “absenting” comes into view as a primary means by which people adjust proximity to an edge. Proximity can be temporal, spatial, and affective. Absenting is a particularly useful technique under conditions of extreme duress, such as those arising out of life on a frontier that seeks one's disappearance.
The Radical Instability of the Present
Authors: Cole Camille Lyans 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article uses Muhammad Khudayyir's novel-memoir Basrayatha as a loose theoretical framework to explore the ramifications of a not-yet-built infrastructure, tracing how late Ottoman officials, intellectuals, and engineers thought about the not-yet-built Baghdad Railway and the land it was meant to transform. Examining how railway boosters, Ottoman officials, and engineers located the region's “truth” and future in a lost past, the article argues that making this connection depended on cultivating material and discursive absence in the “ruined” present. The article highlights how practical techniques for making place into the kind of “space” where homogenous time could march forward coexisted with grandiose visions of future prosperity inspired both by the distant past and by the present of places like Egypt. In contrast to analyses that have emphasized the uncertainty of past and/or future, this article argues that the present was the problem because it was fundamentally unknowable—and that this very unknowability allowed railway advocates to absent the extended present of ruin from an idea of the truth of Iraq, instead drawing a direct line between past and future prosperity.
Direct targeting of host microtubule and actin cytoskeletons by a chlamydial pathogenic effector protein
Authors: Höhler Mona , Alcázar-Román Abel R. , Schenk Katharina , Aguirre-Huamani Mac Pholo , Braun Corinna , Zrieq Rafat , Mölleken Katja , Hegemann Johannes H. , Fleig Ursula 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
To propagate within a eukaryotic cell, pathogenic bacteria hijack and remodulate host cell functions. The Gram-negative obligate intracellular Chlamydiaceae, which pose a serious threat to human and animal health, attach to host cells and inject effector proteins that reprogram host cell machineries. Members of the conserved chlamydial TarP family have been characterized as major early effectors that bind to and remodel the host actin cytoskeleton. We now describe a new function for the Chlamydia pneumoniae TarP member CPn0572, namely the ability to bind and alter the microtubule cytoskeleton. Thus, CPn0572 is unique in being the only prokaryotic protein that directly modulates both dynamic cytoskeletons of a eukaryotic cell. Ectopically expressed GFP–CPn0572 associates in a dose-independent manner with either cytoskeleton singly or simultaneously. In vitro, CPn0572 binds directly to microtubules. Expression of a microtubule-only CPn0572 variant resulted in the formation of an aberrantly thick, stabilized microtubule network. Intriguingly, during infection, secreted CPn0572 also colocalized with altered microtubules, suggesting that this protein also affects microtubule dynamics during infection. Our analysis points to a crosstalk between actin and microtubule cytoskeletons via chlamydial CPn0572.
Platelet-rich plasma in dermatology and aesthetic medicine
Authors: Ochyra Łukasz , Łopuszyńska Anna 
Published: August 2024

Introduction and purpose Aesthetic medicine is one of the youngest fields of medicine. Initially, it focused on improving the quality of life of patients by using various treatments aimed at stopping the aging process. Over time, this branch of medicine has developed dynamically, and nowadays the treatments focus not only on improving the appearance of the skin and its defects, but are also used to treat many dermatological problems. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous concentrate of platelets in a small volume of plasma. having numerous applications in many fields of medicine. The aim of this work is to present the method, focusing on its positive effects in the problems of aesthetic and regenerative medicine, as well as in some dermatological diseases. Material and methods The review was baised on the articles obtained from Pubmed and Google Scholar scientific databases from recent years using the keywords: aesthetic medicine, platelet-rich plasma, dermatology. Results The presence of numerous growth factors and other active ingredients makes the action of PRP comprehensive and based on several mechanisms. Studies show a positive effect, especially in skin rejuvenation and anti-aging prevention, hair reconstruction, wound healing and reconstruction of scars of various etiologies, as well as in pigmentation disorders. Moreover, combining PRP with other methods such as laser therapy or microneedling produces a synergistic effect, improving overall treatment results. Conclusions Platelet-rich plasma is an autologous preparation obtained after centrifugation of blood collected from the patient. The properties of PRP make it widely used in many clinical situations. is used both in aesthetic medicine and in dermatological problems. It should be emphasized that further multi-center studies are needed to standardize treatment protocols and adapt them to specific problems. Keywords: aesthetic medicine, platelet-rich plasma, dermatology.