bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Bi2O3 Excess on Morphology and Structure of BiNbO4 Ceramics
Authors: Czekaj D. , Lisińska-Czekaj A. , Osińska K. , Biernacki K. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Goal of the present research was to fabricate BiNbO4 ceramics from the mixture of powders by the solid state reaction route and pressureless sintering at various temperatures (TS =8700C and TS =9100C) and study microstructure, phase composition and crystalline structure of BiNbO4 ceramics. Four batches were fabricated and examined, namely the one fabricated from the stoichiometric mixture of reagent - grade oxide powders, viz. Bi2O3 and Nb2O5 as well as the ones with an excess of 3%, 5% and 10% by mole of Bi2O3. It was found that apart from the main orthorhombic -BiNbO4 phase additional phases, namely tetragonal Bi5Nb3O15, and cubic Bi3NbO7 are possible to form from the mixture of bismuth oxide and niobium oxide. It was found that -BiNbO4 ceramics exhibited the orthorhombic symmetry identified as Pnna (52). However, small differences in elementary cell parameters were found for the samples sintered from stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric mixture of initial powders.
The Properties of (Pb0.97Ba0.03)[(Zr0.98Ti0.02)1-zSnz]O3 Ceramics with 0 < z < 0.08
Authors: Brzezińska D. , Skulski R. , Wawrzała P. , Dercz G. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
We present the results of obtaining and investigations of (Pb1-x Bax )((Zr1-yTiy) 1-zSnz )O3 (PBZTS) ceramics with x =const =0.03, y =const=0.02, z =0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 and 0.08. Investigated compositions are close to rhombohedral-orthorhombic morphotropic phase boundary. Ceramic samples have been obtained by conventional ceramic technology from oxides PbO, ZrO2, TiO2, SnO2 and barium carbonate BaCO3. The calcined powders were crushed and next pressed into discs and sintered free sintering (FS) method. For such obtained samples the following investigations have been done: EDS, XRD, microstructure of fractured samples, dielectric measurements, /’-/^hysteresis loops investigations at various temperatures.
FDM 3D Printing Technology in Manufacturing Composite Elements
Authors: Dudek P. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In recent years, FDM technology (Fused Deposition Modelling) has become one of the most widely-used rapid prototyping methods for various applications. This method is based on fused fibre material deposition on a drop-down platform, which offers the opportunity to design and introduce new materials, including composites. The material most commonly used in FDM is ABS, followed by PC, PLA, PPSF, ULTEM9085 and mixtures thereof. Recently, work has been done on the possibility of applying ABS blends: steel powders, aluminium, or even wood ash. Unfortunately, most modern commercial systems are closed, preventing the use of any materials other than those of the manufacturer. For this reason, the Department of Manufacturing Systems (KSW) of AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering And Robotics purchased a 3D printer with feeding material from trays reel, which allows for the use of other materials. In addition, a feedstock production system for the 3D printer has been developed and work has started on the creation of new composite materials utilising ceramics.
Photoacoustic Transformation at Oppositely Directed Interaction Electromagnetic Waves in the Magnetoactive Two-Layer Medium
Authors: Mityurich G.S. , Aleksiejuk M. , Sviridova V.V. , Serdyukov A.N. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper treats the thermooptical sound generation in the magnetoactive two-layered medium on the condition of tunnel interference of electromagnetic waves. It were studied the conditions of complete suppression of the photoacoustic signal amplitude in response to the polarization type of oppositely interacting waves, the difference in their initial phases as well as the intensities of one of the oppositely interacted beams. The given paper provides an effective method of managing the thermooptical sound generation in the magnetoactive structural element during the tunnel electromagnetic interference of electromagnetic waves.
APPLICATION OF RQD-NUMBER AND RQD-VOLUME MULTIFRACTAL MODELLING TO DELINEATE ROCK MASS CHARACTERISATION IN KAHANG Cu-Mo PORPHYRY DEPOSIT, CENTRAL IRAN / ZASTOSOWANIE METOD MODELOWANIA NUMERYCZNEGO ORAZ MODELOWANIA FRAKTALNEGO DO ANALIZY JAKOŚCI SKAŁ W CELU OKREŚLENIA CHARAKTERYSTYKI GÓROTWORU W OBSZARZE ZŁOŻA Cu-Mo W KAHANG, ŚRODKOWY IRAN
Authors: Yasrebi Amir Bijan , Wetherelt Andrew , Foster Patrick J. , Afzal Peyman , Coggan John , Ahangaran Dariush Kaveh 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Identification of rock mass properties in terms of Rock Quality Designation (RQD) plays a significant role in mine planning and design. This study aims to separate the rock mass characterisation based on RQD data analysed from 48 boreholes in Kahang Cu-Mo porphyry deposit situated in the central Iran utilising RQD-Volume (RQD-V) and RQD-Number (RQD-N) fractal models. The log-log plots for RQD-V and RQD-N models show four rock mass populations defined by RQD thresholds of 3.55, 25.12 and 89.12% and 10.47, 41.68 and 83.17% respectively which represent very poor, poor, good and excellent rocks based on Deere and Miller rock classification. The RQD-V and RQD-N models indicate that the excellent rocks are situated in the NW and central parts of this deposit however, the good rocks are located in the most parts of the deposit. The results of validation of the fractal models with the RQD block model show that the RQD-N fractal model of excellent rock quality is better than the RQD-V fractal model of the same rock quality. Correlation between results of the fractal and the geological models illustrates that the excellent rocks are associated with porphyric quartz diorite (PQD) units. The results reveal that there is a multifractal nature in rock characterisation with respect to RQD for the Kahang deposit. The proposed fractal model can be intended for the better understanding of the rock quality for purpose of determination of the final pit slope.
RESEARCH ABOUT AUTOMATIC ADJUSTMENT SOLUTION OF THE ADVANCE FORCE AT THE PERFFUSION DRILLS USING FLUID ELEMENTS / BADANIE SYSTEMU AUTOMATYCZNEJ REGULACJI SIŁY POSUWU W WIERTNICACH UDAROWYCH Z WYKORZYSTANIEM ELEMENTÓW PŁYNOWYCH
Authors: Cotetiu Adriana , Cotetiu Radu , Ungureanu Nicolae 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
This paper presents the actual solution used by Secoma Company and part of research regarding a personal solution concerning the implementation of the digital devices in the pressing strength’s control of a pneumatic rotating drill, which is included in the structure of the drilling installation. The monostable fluidic element, which was proposed to be used, is a special device, with an incompressible fluid as supply jet and compressible fluid as command jet. The fluidic command proposed solution presents superior advantages given the existing variants and the automation solutions with electronic components. This is due to the higher security in hostile work environments (moist environment, with high methane gas contents, with fire danger, with high temperature) of their high feasibility and maintenance. For the practical achievement of the automated regulation with fluidic elements, of the type tested in the experimental plan, it is necessary to choose a monostabile fluidic amplifier for the prototype device, which respects several clear conditions regarding wall attachment angle and geometrical parameters.
FINDING THE BEST-FIT POLYNOMIAL APPROXIMATION IN EVALUATING DRILL DATA: THE APPLICATION OF A GENERALIZED INVERSE MATRIX / POSZUKIWANIE NAJLEPSZEJ ZGODNOŚCI W PRZYBLIŻENIU WIELOMIANOWYM WYKORZYSTANEJ DO OCENY DANYCH Z ODWIERTÓW – ZASTOSOWANIE UOGÓLNIONEJ MACIERZY ODWROTNEJ
Authors: Karakus Dogan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
In mining, various estimation models are used to accurately assess the size and the grade distribution of an ore body. The estimation of the positional properties of unknown regions using random samples with known positional properties was first performed using polynomial approximations. Although the emergence of computer technologies and statistical evaluation of random variables after the 1950s rendered the polynomial approximations less important, theoretically the best surface passing through the random variables can be expressed as a polynomial approximation. In geoscience studies, in which the number of random variables is high, reliable solutions can be obtained only with high-order polynomials. Finding the coefficients of these types of high-order polynomials can be computationally intensive. In this study, the solution coefficients of high-order polynomials were calculated using a generalized inverse matrix method. A computer algorithm was developed to calculate the polynomial degree giving the best regression between the values obtained for solutions of different polynomial degrees and random observational data with known values, and this solution was tested with data derived from a practical application. In this application, the calorie values for data from 83 drilling points in a coal site located in southwestern Turkey were used, and the results are discussed in the context of this study.
Effect of scale deposits on the internal surfaces of the tubes on the superheater operation
Authors: Trojan Marcin , Taler Jan 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
A mathematical model of the steam superheater exchanger with distributed parameters has been developed. Scale deposits were assumed to be present on the internal tube surfaces. It was assumed that the inner tube surfaces are covered by a thin layer of scale deposits. The finite volume method was used to solve partial differential equations describing flue gas, tube wall and steam temperature. The developed modeling technique can especially be used for modeling tube heat exchangers when detail information on the tube wall temperature distribution is needed. The numerical model of the superheater developed in the paper can be used for modeling of the superheaters with complex flow arrangement accounting scales on the internal tube surfaces. Using the model proposed the detailed steam, wall and flue gas temperature distribution over the entire superheater can be determined. The steam pressure distribution along its path flow and the total heat transfer rate can also be obtained. The calculations showed that the presence of scale on the internal surfaces of the tubes cause the steam temperature decrease and the heat flow rate transferred from the flue gas to the steam. Scale deposits on the inner surfaces of the tubes cause the tube wall temperature growth and can lead to premature wear of tubes due to overheating.
Comparative analysis of optimisation methods applied to thermal cycle of a coal fired power plant
Authors: Kowalczyk Łukasz , Elsner Witold 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper presents a thermodynamic optimization of 900MW power unit for ultra-supercritical parameters, modified according to AD700 concept. The aim of the study was to verify two optimisation methods, i.e., the finding the minimum of a constrained nonlinear multivariable function (fmincon) and the Nelder-Mead method with their own constrain functions. The analysis was carried out using IPSEpro software combined with MATLAB, where gross power generation efficiency was chosen as the objective function. In comparison with the Nelder-Mead method it was shown that using fmincon function gives reasonable results and a significant reduction of computational time. Unfortunately, with the increased number of decision parameters, the benefit measured by the increase in efficiency is becoming smaller. An important drawback of fmincon method is also a lack of repeatability by using different starting points. The obtained results led to the conclusion, that the Nelder-Mead method is a better tool for optimisation of thermal cycles with a high degree of complexity like the coal-fired power unit.
GRADIENT ANALYSIS OF IMPORTANCE OF SPONTANEOUSLY OCCURRING VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES IN ENERGY TREE AND GRASS STANDS
Authors: Fehér Alexander , Halmová Daniela , Končeková Lýdia 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The paper focuses on a research carried out during two consecutive growing seasons (2011 and 2012) in a willow tree stand (Salix schwerinii × S. viminalis, variety Tordis) and a grass stand of miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deuter). Both of the species can be used for energy production. The evaluation was carried out in a research centre located in Kolíňany (Nitra district area, SW Slovakia). Biodiversity of the ground flora within the two crops stands was jointly assessed through the multivariate statistical method of Principal Components Analysis (PCA). The results showed that almost all spontaneous vascular plant species have a weedy character, they have no specific environment requirements, they are stress tolerant, and their propagules are often present in agricultural ecosystems or in vegetation of rural landscape (field margins, strip boundaries, abandoned fields, orchards, etc.). Good examples of synanthropic species observed in the stands are Cirsium arvense, Equisetum arvense, Convolvulus arvensis etc., while several other typical species of usually non-synanthropic, habitats, e.g. Symphytum officinale, Persicaria lapathifolia, Calystegia sepium were also observed. Many juvenile shrub and wood species occurring in E1 and E2 layers also belonged to the semi-natural vegetation, e.g. Sambucus nigra, Rosa canina agg., Crataegus laevigata. The presence of potentially invasive and expansive plant species is evaluated as a negative factor.
Evaluation of Inspected Vehicles in Reporting Period at Technical Inspection and Emission Control Station
Authors: Švec Jozef , Durec Jaroslav , Chrastina Jozef , Tulík Juraj 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Technical inspection is a fast, relatively timely and inexpensive, and particularly comprehensive assessment of the technical condition of vehicles. The technical review process includes a wide range of control actions, which are slightly different depending on the category of vehicle. The evaluation of technical inspection is mainly dependent on the type of failures that occur on a vehicle, and it is a three-graded classification by the grades A, B or C. Based on data obtained from technical inspections, it is possible to determine the current condition of the fleet of road vehicles in the Slovak Republic.
Tensile Strength of Dark Chocolate
Authors: Nedomova Sarka , Trnka Jan , Buchar Jaroslav 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
The effect of loading rate as well as the cocoa content on the tensile strength of dark chocolate has been studied. Tensile strength was measured using the Brazilian test. The main advantage of this test consists in the use of a specimen of simple geometry in comparison with a specimen for tensile tests. Tensile strength increases with loading rate. The cocoa content exhibits the same effect.
Deviations in Fuel Consumption Measurement of Lorries
Authors: Szabó Mário , Majdan Radoslav , Angelovič Michal , Čápora Rastislav 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Our study focuses on individual methods of measuring the fuel consumption of lorries. We have verified the difference between the consumption calculated from fuelling records and consumption listed by the Infomax information system. Based on obtained results, we can state that the difference between presented consumption measurement methods reached the maximum value of 5 %.
Preliminary studies on some waste vegetable contribution to the soil fertility
Authors: Chirila Elisabeta , Lupascu Naliana , Raicu Simona 
Published: January 2014

Abstract Researches on the use of waste vegetable (tomatoes, peppers) and fruits (apples, plums) in order to improve the nutritional quality of the soil have been performed. The content in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humus, organic matter have been analyzed in fruits and vegetable waste and also in soil before and after mixing with each waste at a ratio of 1:2.5. Analyses were done by using current analytical methods (chemical and absorption molecular spectrometry) after previous mineralization of samples with appropriate reagents. To investigate the effect of vegetable wastes on the plants growth, wheat has been planted in the witness soil sample and in the mixed soil with wastes. The nutrients concentration in vegetable waste was higher than in fruit waste (33-75%). Available phosphorus concentration increased about two times in soil with fruit waste while in the soil with vegetable the increase was of about 3 times. Potassium concentration increased about three times in soil mixed with both types of waste. Although potassium and organic matter have higher values in the soil amended with fruit waste than in the witness soil, the height of the wheat was similar with those in the control soil due to the limiting role of phosphorus.
Anaerobic power, muscle strength and physiological changes in physically active men following yogic practice
Authors: Pal Rameswar , Saha Mantu , Chatterjee Abhirup , Halder Kaushik , Tomer Omveer Singh , Pathak Anjana , Basavaraddi Ishwar V. 
Published: January 2014

Summary
Study aim: The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of three months (90 min daily for five days in a week) yogic practice on physiological and physical parameters of physically active service personnel.
Material and methods: Healthy male volunteers (n=60) of age 27±3 years were randomly selected from paramilitary force of the country in this study. A pre designed yoga training course for 3 months comprising of Prayer, Suddhi kriyas, Yogasanas, Pranayamas, Meditation, Mudra and Bandh was imparted daily by certified yoga teacher in the morning for 90 min.
Results: After three months of yogic training, body weight and body mass index did not change significantly, systolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure decreased significantly (p < 0.05). We did not found any significant change in heart rate diastolic blood pressure and respiratory rate. Breath-hold time and strength of the peripheral muscle (back and leg muscle strength) was increased significantly (p < 0.001), whereas peak expiratory flow rate did not change significantly. Anaerobic power was improved significantly (p < 0.05) by means of increasing peak power and average power.
Conclusion: The present study revealed that the practice of selected yogic training for 3 months resulted improvement in health and performance of the physically active paramilitary force of Indian army.
State anxiety change after a parachute jump and its determinants: gender, experience, and temperament features
Authors: Bołdak Agnieszka , Guszkowska Monika 
Published: January 2014

Summary
Study aim: To determine the role of gender and experience level as factors differentiating state anxiety before and after a parachute jump, and to ascertain relationships between state anxiety and temperament features.
Material and methods: The research involved 143 parachutists (98 men and 45 women) aged from 17 to 49 years old, including 73 beginners and 70 advanced parachutists. The following questionnaires were applied: the Formal Characteristics of Behavior-Temperament Inventory by Zawadzki and Strelau, the Sensation Seeking Scale by Zuckerman, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory of Spielberger et al.
Results: There was a significant decrease in state anxiety level after a parachute jump (before M = 32.66; after M = 28.57; p < 0.001). Its level is significantly higher in beginners than in experienced skydivers (p < 0.001). The level of experience is also a negative predictor of state anxiety level before the jump and its decrease after the jump.
Conclusion: As experience grows, the positive adaptation to stress caused by parachute jump appears, which results with lowering the state anxiety level.
Impact of genetic and demographic factors on the expansion potential of alien species Bunias orientalis in the suburbs of Vilnius
Authors: Šiukštaitė Lina , Patamsytė Jolanta , Žvingila Donatas 
Published: January 2014

Abstract Šiukštaitė L., Patamsytė J., Žvingila D., 2013: Impact of genetic and demographic factors on the expansion potential of alien species Bunias orientalis in the suburbs of Vilnius [Genetinių ir demografinių veiksnių įtaka svetimkraštės rūšies Bunias orientalis vienos populiacijos plitimo galimybėms]. - Both. Lith., 19(2): 111-119. Bunias orientalis L. (Brassicaceae) is an alien and already naturalized plant species in Lithuania. Our purpose was to assess genetic diversity and age structure within single Belmontas population of B. orientalis, using RAPD, ISSR assays and herbchronology analysis. Three selected RAPD primers produced 58 scorable DNA bands, 53.33% of which were polymorphic. RAPD analysis identified 31 DNA markers. Six ISSR primers produced 113 reliable bands, but the level of polymorphism was slightly lower (38.1%) than RAPD. The 43 ISSR markers were identified. DNA markers were used for analysis of population genetic structure. AMOVA revealed significant genetic differentiation (ΦPT = 0.11) among subpopulations of B. orientalis located on both riversides of the Vilnia River. UPGMA cluster analysis did not reveal identical individuals in the group of studied plants, which indicate that spreading by seeds prevails in Belmontas population. Based on herbchronology analysis, young individuals dominate and provide good perspectives for population spreading.
Science workshops and their role in awakening science interests of children and school students / Warsztaty przyrodnicze i ich rola w rozbudzaniu zainteresowań przyrodniczych dzieci i uczniów
Authors: Krzeczkowska Małgorzata , Orwat Kinga , Migdał-Mikuli Anna 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Development of science interests is one of many elements of the daily teachers' work at school. Finding out interesting forms of working with school students and their proper application at school allows for increasing science interests and to achieve many didactic aims. One of many of such proposals is an informal teaching which can be carried out while students participate in the various workshops, out of school meetings or science fairs.
Rapeseed pellet - a byproduct of biodiesel production - as an excellent renewable energy source / Wytłoki rzepakowe - produkt uboczny w produkcji biodiesla - jako doskonałe źródło energii odnawialnej
Authors: Klugmann-Radziemska Ewa , Ciunel Krzysztof 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
Vegetable oils are renewable feedstock currently being used for production of biofuels from sustainable biomass resources. The existing technology for producing diesel fuel from plant oils, such as rapeseed, soybean, canola and palm oil are largely centered on transesterification of oils with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) or biodiesel. Rapeseed pellet - crushed seed residue from oil extraction is a byproduct of biodiesel production process. As other types of biomass, it can either be burned directly in furnaces or processed to increase its energetic value. The interest to use different types of biomass as fuels has grown rapidly during the last years as a mean to reduce the CO2 emissions of energy production. Biomass is renewable, abundant and has domestic usage, the sources of biomass can help the world reduce its dependence on petroleum products and natural gas. Energetically effective utilization of rapeseed pellet could substantially improve the economic balance of an individual household in which biodiesel for fulfilling the producer’s own energetic demand is obtained. In this article the experimental results of analyzing the emissions levels of different pollutants in exhaust fumes during different stages of biomass boiler operation were presented. It has been proved that that the pellet, a byproduct of biodiesel production, is an excellent renewable and environmentally-friendly energy source, especially viable for use in household tap water heating installations.