bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A numerical study of the relationship between NMR relaxation and permeability in sands and gravels
Authors: Dlubac Katherine , Knight Rosemary , Keating Kristina 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe accuracy of NMR‐derived permeability estimates in sands and gravels are examined through simulations on numerical grain packs composed of uniform spherical grains. The packs consisted of randomly packed grains, with grain sizes set to represent a range corresponding to sands and gravels. The material properties for each pack were quantified through numerical analysis and the NMR response was simulated for a range of surface relaxivity values. The agreement between the numerically‐derived permeability estimates and the permeability estimates derived using the Schlumberger‐Doll Research (SDR) and Seevers equations was evaluated. Use of the SDR equation assumes that the relaxation of the bulk pore fluid can be neglected. The NMR‐derived permeability estimates were calculated using each equation for the cases where relaxation was assumed to occur in one of the two major diffusion regimes. We found that permeability is most accurately estimated in all packs through use of the Seevers equation with the empirical constant set equal to 1. We showed that the contribution of bulk fluid relaxation should be accounted for in materials with grain radii greater than 1.2e‐4m (fine sand) and surface relaxivity values less than 1.0e‐3 m s−1. In practice, this range of surface relaxivity values and grain sizes corresponds to situations where the measured relaxation time is greater than approximately one‐third the value of the bulk fluid relaxation time .
Glimpse into the design of MRS instrument
Authors: Legchenko A. , Pierrat G. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe Magnetic Resonance Sounding method (MRS) was developed in the former USSR in the late 1970s. Nowadays, available MRS instruments are more compact and reliable, and enormous progress has been made in electronics, computers and materials. Therefore, we can hope that it may be possible to increase the maximum depth of water detection and to improve the resolution of the method by using a larger current in the loop. Quite naturally, the questions arise: what are the practical limits of the MRS method and how much should be transmitting power to get the maximum depth of investigation? In this paper, we analyse the depth of groundwater detection and the vertical resolution of the MRS assuming different loops and different power levels of the current generator. The originality of our approach consists of a joint analysis of the maximum depth of investigation using accept able loop voltage and the modifications in the instrument design necessary for the improvements. We show that even under very favourable conditions it would be difficult to get significant improvement in the depth of investigation using currently available instruments. For example, under favourable noise conditions when rocks have low electrical conductivity and are non‐magnetic, a 20 m thick water saturated sand layer can be detected at a depth of about 325 m using an existing instrument (4 kV of the loop voltage) with a 400 × 400 m2 square loop. A 20% increase in the detection depth (390 m instead of 325 m) requires more powerful electronic equipment (16 kV instead of 4 kV) thus rendering the MRS system larger and heavier. However, using a 16 kV instrument allows us to increase the resolution depth by about 80% (from 120 m to 215 m). When rocks are electrically conductive, the screening of the MRS signal limits the depth of investigation and allows for only minor improvements even with a much more powerful current generator.
Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Transient Electromagnetics to characterise water distribution beneath an ice covered volcanic crater: the case of Sherman Crater Mt. Baker, Washington
Authors: Irons Trevor P. , Martin Kathryn E. , Finn Carol A. , Bloss Benjamin R. , Horton Robert J. 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTSurface and laboratory Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurements combined with transient electromagnetic (TEM) data are powerful tools for subsurface water detection. Surface NMR (sNMR) and TEM soundings, laboratory NMR, complex resistivity, and X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis were all conducted to characterise the distribution of water within Sherman Crater on Mt. Baker, WA. Clay rich rocks, particularly if water saturated, can weaken volcanoes, thereby increasing the potential for catastrophic sector collapses that can lead to far‐travelled, destructive debris flows. Detecting the presence and volume of shallow groundwater is critical for evaluating these landslide hazards. The TEM data identified a low resistivity layer (<10 ohm‐m), under 60 m of glacial ice related to water saturated clays. The TEM struggles to resolve the presence or absence of a plausible thin layer of bulk liquid water on top of the clay. The sNMR measurements did not produce any observable signal, indicating the lack of substantial accumulated bulk water below the ice. Laboratory analysis on a sample from the crater wall that likely represented the clays beneath the ice confirmed that the controlling factor for the lack of sNMR signal was the fine‐grained nature of the media. The laboratory measurements further indicated that small pores in clays detected by the XRD contain as much as 50% water, establishing an upper bound on the water content in the clay layer. Forward modelling of geologic scenarios revealed that bulk water layers as thin as ½ m between the ice and clay layer would have been detectable using sNMR. The instrumentation conditions which would allow for sNMR detection of the clay layer are investigated. Using current instrumentation the combined analysis of the TEM and sNMR data allow for valuable characterisation of the groundwater system in the crater. The sNMR is able to reduce the uncertainty of the TEM in regards to the presence of a bulk water layer, a valuable piece of information in hazard assessment.
Promoting Quality Care for Recently Resettled Populations: Curriculum Development for Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: MacNamara Marina , Wilhelm April , Dy Geolani , Andiman Sarah , Landau Carol , Poshkus Michael , Feller Edward 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Residents report they lack preparation for caring for an increasingly diverse US population. In response, a variety of curricula have been developed to integrate cultural competency into medical training programs. To date, none of these curricula has specifically addressed members of recently resettled populations.

Methods
A preliminary assessment was conducted among internal medicine (IM) residents at 1 program (N  =  147). Based on 2 conceptual frameworks and the survey results, a pilot curriculum was developed and integrated into the interns' ambulatory block education within the general IM track (n  =  9). It included (1) online information made available to all hospital staff; (2) 4 interactive didactic sessions; and (3) increased exposure to newly arrived patients. The curriculum was qualitatively evaluated through 2 focus groups.

Results
The preliminary assessment was completed by 101 of 147 residents (69%), with 61% of respondents indicating they felt that they received less than adequate education in this area. Eight of the 9 interns exposed to the new curriculum participated in the focus groups. Overall, respondents reported they thought patient care had improved for recently resettled populations and across their patient panels after exposure to the curriculum.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that an intervention that included didactics and enhanced exposure to a diverse population improved IM interns' perceptions of care for all patients, including recently settled individuals.
Use of Health Care Services by Pediatrics Residents: A CORNET Study
Authors: Simeonsson Kristina , Olsson John , Dhepyasuwan Nui , Drutz Jan , Benun Jacques , Serwint Janet R. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe personal health practices of residents and their access to health care has not been well explored. Suboptimal personal health care habits and practices among many physicians may evolve during residency.ObjectiveTo identify the nature and extent of pediatrics resident health care use and the factors that restrict or facilitate use.MethodsA web-based survey was sent to pediatrics residents from 19 continuity practice sites enrolled in the nationwide Continuity Research Network (CORNET) during April through June 2010. Outcome measures included self-report of health care use, involvement in an established care relationship with a primary care provider, and barriers residents encountered in receiving care.ResultsOf 1210 eligible residents, 766 (63%) completed the survey. Respondents were 73% women; each postgraduate training year was equally represented. More than one-half of residents (54%) stated they had an established care relationship (ECR) with a primary care provider. Interns were less likely to have an ECR when compared with upper level residents; female residents were twice as likely to have an ECR compared with male residents. Although 22% (172 of 766) of the respondents reported they had a chronic health condition, only 69% (118 of 172) of those individuals had an established care provider. The most significant barrier to obtaining health care was resident concern for time away from work and the potential increased workload for colleagues.ConclusionsA slight majority of pediatrics residents stated they had an established relationship with a primary care provider. The most common barriers to seeking routine and acute care were work related.
Presenting Multiple Drug Alerts in an Ambulatory Electronic Prescribing System
Authors: Weinger M.B. , Gregg W.M. , Johnson K.B. , Xie M. 
Published: April 2014

SummaryObjective: This study explores alternative approaches to the display of drug alerts, and examines whether and how human-factors based interface design can be used to improve the prescriber’s perception about drug alert presentation, signal detection from noisy alert data, and their comprehension of clinical decision support during electronic prescribing.Methods: We reviewed issues with presenting multiple drug alerts in electronic prescribing systems. User-centered design, consisting of iterative usability and prototype testing was applied. After an iterative design phase, we proposed several novel drug alert presentation interfaces; expert evaluation and formal usability testing were applied to access physician prescribers’ perceptions of the tools. We mapped drug alert attributes to different interface constructs. We examined four different interfaces for presenting multiple drug alerts.Results: A TreeDashboard View was better perceived than a text-based ScrollText View with respect to the ability to detect critical information, the ability to accomplish tasks, and the perceptional efficacy of finding information.Conclusion: A robust model for studying multiple drug-alert presentations was developed. Several drug alert presentation interfaces were proposed. The TreeDashboard View was better perceived than the text-based ScrollText View in delivering multiple drug alerts during a simulation of electronic prescribing.Citation: Xie M, Weinger MB, Gregg WM, Johnson KB. Presenting multiple drug alerts in an ambulatory electronic prescribing system: A usability study of novel prototypes. Appl Clin Inf 2014; 5: 334–348 http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-10-RA-0092
A Comparative Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength of Three Different Fifth Generation Dentin Bonding Agents: An in vitro Study
Authors: Gangurde Lata B , Pawar Mansing G , Margasahayam Sumanthini V 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTPurposeTo compare and evaluate the shear bond strength of three different fifth generation dentin bonding agents used with composite resin and to determine the mode of bond failure in each case.Materials and MethodsForty-five freshly extracted human permanent molars were used and the specimens were divided into three test groups (N = 15) namely group A = Excite, group B = single bond, group C = Prime and Bond NT. The occlusal surfaces of the specimens were ground to expose the superficial dentin and mounted in self cure acrylic resin. The surface was etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel and bonding agents were applied to etched surface. A composite button of 5.3 × 3 mm (Z 100) was bonded to the test specimens and subjected to shear load using United Universal Testing Machine at the cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min. The nature of bond failure was determined using a stereomicroscope at ×8 magnification.ResultsMean shear bond strength values in MPa of groups A, B, C were 21.483, 16.881 and 14.116 respectively. Group A showed 73.3% cohesive and 26.6% adhesive, Group B showed 66.6% adhesive, 20% cohesive and 13.33% mixed, group C showed 73.3% adhesive 6.6% cohesive and 20% mixed bond failures.ConclusionExcite dentin bonding agent exhibited highest shear bond strength values as compared to Single Bond and Prime and Bond NT, this difference was statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference between the shear bond strength values of Single Bond and Prime and Bond NT. Maximum number of cohesive bond failure were observed in dentin with Excite. Single Bond and Prime and Bond NT exhibited maximum number of adhesive bond failure.How to cite this articleGangurde LB, Pawar MG, Shenoy VU, Margasahayam SV. A Comparative Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength of Three Different Fifth Generation Dentin Bonding Agents: Anin vitroStudy. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(1):1-5.
Trabecular Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma of the Craniofacial Skeleton: Etiopathogenesis and a Case Report of the Rare Entity
Authors: Kumar Shwetha , Kadam Rahul 
Published: April 2014

ABSTRACTThe term, fibro-osseous lesions, is used for a group of pathological disturbances encompassing developmental, reactive or dysplastic lesions and neoplasms characterized by replacement of normal bone architecture by tissue composed of collagen fibers and fibroblasts containing various amount of calcified tissue. The groups of the fibro-osseous lesions are best considered as a spectrum of processes arising from cells in the periodontal ligament. Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) is a benign, but potentially aggressive, fibro-osseous tumor of the craniofacial bones. This uncommon neoplasm is distinguished from other fibro-osseous lesions primarily by its age of onset, clinical presentation, potential behavior and the high tendency to recur. Clinically presenting as an actively growing lesion. Histopathologically consists cell rich fibrous stroma containing bands of cellular osteoid without osteoblastic lining together with trabeculae of more typical woven bone. Pathogenesis of JOF may be related to mutations of HRPT2 gene which may arises due to haploinsufficiency of the HRPT2 gene.Here, we reported a case of trabecular JOF (TJOF) which had variations in clinical, radiographic features and histopathological characteristics and it's etiopathogenesis in detail.How to cite this articleKadam R, Patel S, Pathak J, Swain N, Kumar S. Trabecular Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma of the Craniofacial Skeleton: Etiopathogenesis and a Case Report of the Rare Entity. J Contemp Dent 2014;4(1):51-55.
Speciation of Selenium in Environmental Samples by Solid-Phase Spectrophotometry Using 2,3-Dichloro-6-(2,7-dihydroxy-naphthylazo)quinoxaline
Authors: Amin Alaa S 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Solid-phase spectrophotometry was applied to determination of trace amounts of selenium (Se) in water, soil, plant materials, human hair, and a cosmetic preparation (lipstick). Se(IV) was sorbed in a dextran type lipophilic gel as a complex with 2,3-dichloro-6-(2,7-dihydroxy-naphthylazo)quinoxaline (DCDHNAQ), whereas Se(VI) was determined after boiling in HCl for 10 min to convert Se(VI) to Se(IV). Resin phase absorbances at 588 and 800 nm were measured directly, which allowed the determination of Se in the range of 0.2–3.3 μg/L with an RSD of 1.22%. The influences of analytical parameters including pH of the aqueous solution, amounts of DCDHNAQ, and sample volume were investigated. The molar absorptivities were found to be 1.09 × 106, 4.60 × 106, and 1.23 × 107 L/mol cm for 100, 500, and 1000 mL, respectively. The LOD and LOQ of the 500 mL sample method were 110 and 360 ng/L, respectively, when using 50 mg dextran type lipophilic gel. For a 1000 mL sample, the LOD and LOQ were 60 and 200 ng/L, respectively, using 50 mg of the exchanger. Increasing the sample volume enhanced the sensitivity. No considerable interferences were observed from other investigated anions and cations on the Se determination.
Simultaneous Determination of Psychoactive Compounds in Foodstuffs Using Micellar Liquid Chromatography with Direct Injection
Authors: Subhra Hoonka , Prakash Dubey-Neeti , Abhilasha Durgbanshi , Josep Esteve-Romero , Devasish Bose 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A micellar liquid chromatographic procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination of threecommonly used stupefacients, lidocaine, ketamine and diazepam, using a C18 reversed-phase column. A micellar mobile phase 0.15 M sodium dodecyl sulfate and 6% (v/v) pentanol, pH 7, and UV detection at 230 nm were used to determine the three stupefacients in food samples. Using the selected mobile phase, the stupefacients were eluted in less than 10 min with linearity (r = 0.998), LOD (range: 0.004–0.03 ppm), LOQ (range: 0.004–0.03 ppm), intraday and interday precision (below 2.84%), and mean recoveries (range: 79.11–110.16%) in the different foodstuffs were in accordance with the internationally established acceptance criteria. Validation of the developed method was performed on the basis of International Conference on Harmonization validation guidelines. The optimized and validated micellar liquid chromatographic method was successfully applied in the determination of lidocaine, diazepam, and ketaminein a real food sample (mango drink) and in spiked food samples (banana, ladoo, soft drink, tea). The developed method could also be easily used by law enforcement laboratories and hospitals for routine analysis.
Determination and Confirmation of Nicarbazin, Measured as 4,4-Dinitrocarbanilide (DNC), in Chicken Tissues by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry: First Action 2013.07
Authors: Coleman Mark R , Rodewald John M , Brunelle Sharon L , Nelson Maria , Bailey Lauryn , Burnett Thomas J 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
A single-laboratory validation (SLV) study was conducted on an LC/MS/MS method for the determination and confirmation of nicarbazin, expressed as 4,4-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC), in chicken tissues, including liver, kidney, muscle, skin with adhering fat, and eggs. Linearity was demonstrated with DNC standard curve solutions using a weighted (1/x) regression and confirmed with matrix-matched standards. Intertrial repeatability precision (relative standard deviation of repeatability; RSDr) was from 2.5 to 11.3%, as determined in fortified tissues. The precision was verified with incurred tissue, and varied from 0.53 to 2.5%. Average recoveries ranged from 82% in egg to 98% in kidney. Although the average recoveries across all concentrations were within the acceptable range, the method was improved with the inclusion of an internal standard and the use of matrix-matched standards. Accuracy for the improved method in chicken liver varied from 93 to 99% across all concentrations (100–8000 ng/g) compared to recoveries below 80% at concentrations between 100–400 ng/g in chicken liver for the original method. The limit of detection was estimated to be less than 3.0 ng/g in all tissue types, and the limit of quantitation was validated at 20 ng/g. Based on confirmatory ion ratios and peak retention times, the false-negative rate was estimated as 0.00% (95% confidence limits 0.00, 0.74%) from 484 fortified samples and 12 incurred residue samples analyzed using the U.S. and EU confirmation criteria. Small variations to the method parameters, with the exception of injection volume, did not have a significant effect on recoveries. Stability was determined for fortified tissues, extracts, and standard curve solutions. The data collected in this study satisfy the requirements of SLV studies established by the AOAC Stakeholder Panel for Veterinary Drug Residue and the method was awarded First Action Official MethodSM status by the Expert Review Panel for Veterinary Drug Residues on May 7, 2013.
Use of Accuracy Profile Procedure to Validate a Real-Time PCR Method to Quantify Bacteria in Feces
Authors: Saint-Cyr Manuel J , Perrin-Guyomard Agnès , Houée Paméla , Vasseur Malek V , Laurentie Michel 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
This study describes a novel validation procedure of real-time PCR based on accuracy profile to estimate bacterial concentrations in fecal samples. To assess the performance of the method, measurements of axenic fecal samples spiked with a measured quantity of known bacterial species (Bacteroides fragilis, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Enterococcus faecium, and Escherichia coli) were performed under repeatability and intermediate precision conditions. Data collected were used to compute a tolerance interval that was compared to a defined acceptance interval. It is concluded that the method is valid and relevant for the studied validation range of 8.20–10.24 and 7.43–9.47 log10 CFU/g of feces to ensure proper measurement of B. fragilis and E. coli, respectively. The LOQ is 8.20 and 7.43 log10 CFU/g of feces. In contrast, the method is not valid for the quantification of E. faecium and B. adolescentis, but by applying a correction factor of +0.63 log10 CFU/g, it can be considered valid for E. faecium. This correction is included in the final results. In conclusion, the accuracy profile is a statistical tool that is easy to use and totally adapted to validate real-time PCR.
Evaluation of the Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Listeria species Assay
Authors: Cloke Jonathan , Evans Katharine , Crabtree David , Hughes Annette , Simpson Helen , Holopainen Jani , Wickstrand Nina , Kauppinen Mikko 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The Thermo Scientific™ SureTect™ Listeria species Assay is a new real-time PCR assay for the detection of all species of Listeria in food and environmental samples. This validation study was conducted using the AOAC Research Institute (RI) Performance Tested MethodsSM program to validate the SureTect Listeria species Assay in comparison to the reference method detailed in International Organization for Standardization 11290-1:1996 including amendment 1:2004 in a variety of foods plus plastic and stainlesssteel. The food matrixes validated were smoked salmon, processed cheese, fresh bagged spinach, cantaloupe, cooked prawns, cooked sliced turkey meat, cooked sliced ham, salami, pork frankfurters, and raw ground beef. All matrixes were tested by Thermo Fisher Scientific, Microbiology Division, Basingstoke, UK. Inaddition, three matrixes (pork frankfurters, fresh bagged spinach, and stainless steel surface samples) were analyzed independently as part of the AOAC-RI-controlled independent laboratory study by the University of Guelph, Canada. Using probability of detection statistical analysis, a significant difference infavour of the SureTect assay was demonstrated between the SureTect and reference method for high level spiked samples of pork frankfurters, smoked salmon, cooked prawns, stainless steel, and low-spiked samples of salami. For all other matrixes, no significant difference was seen between the two methods during the study. Inclusivity testing was conducted with 68 different isolates of Listeria species, all of which were detected by the SureTect Listeria species Assay. None of the 33 exclusivity isolates were detected by the SureTect Listeria species Assay. Ruggedness testing was conducted to evaluate the performance of the assay with specific method deviations outside of the recommended parameters open to variation, which demonstrated that the assay gave reliable performance. Accelerated stability testing was additionally conducted, validating the assay shelf life.