bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transvaginal sonography acceptance: a cognitive behavioural perspective
Authors: Ugwu AC , Erondu OF , Imo AO 
Published: September 2014

This study investigated the cognitive behaviours of patients undergoing transvaginal sonography (TVS) and the impact of demographic factors on them. A total of 160 self-completion questionnaires were distributed in image diagnostics, Port Harcourt, River, State, Nigeria. The questionnaire included questions on patient demographics as well as ordinal scales for patients to rate perceptions of TVS on various cognitive indices. All the questionnaires were distributed and collected. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were done. Tests were two-tailed with P<0.05 indicating statistical significance results. A score of above 50% was recorded on all the indices. The least score was recorded for no fear of contagion scale. A significant difference was noted in patients' perception of explanation of procedure and waiting time prior to procedure between first and previous experience patients. Perception of comfort significantly correlated with age while perception of explanation significantly correlated with educational qualification. Patients' satisfaction with the procedure showed the highest correlation with acceptance of TVS conclusion. Patients' acceptance of TVS has a positive relationship with some psychosocial factors. Proper health education could also improve patients' acceptance of TVS.
When to seek care in pregnancy and childbirth: a study in Uganda
Authors: Hansen Karin , Johansson Elisabeth , Byaruhanga Emmanuel K , Pettersson Karen Odberg 
Published: September 2014

The overall aim of the project was to study pregnant women's knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy and childbirth and actions taken in case danger signs occurred. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. A questionnaire was administered at the antenatal care clinic (ANC). Non-participant observations of the midwives at the ANC were also performed. Individual interviews were conducted with pregnant and newly delivered women as well as with clinical officers. A retrospective study of maternity records was also conducted. A majority of the women attended their first ANC visit late in the pregnancy. Women's general knowledge of danger signs was low. A lack of discrepancy between common pregnancy related and dangerous symptoms was noted. The observations revealed that little or no health education concerning danger signs were given and inadequate examination of the women were conducted. The ANC reaches around 92% off the pregnant women. This provides an ideal opportunity for information on danger signs and when and where to seek care. It is important to encourage early ANC attendance and complete examinations in order to identify high-risk pregnancies and prevent treatable illnesses.
Community perceptions of trained traditional birth attendants
Authors: Ngoma Catherine M , Himwiila Lucensia 
Published: September 2014

In developing countries, especially in communities devoid of access to health facilities, many births take place at home under the supervision of trained traditional birth attendants. Therefore, trained traditional birth attendants remain the only source of maternal and newborn health care in such areas unless the issues of access to health facilities are addressed. The aim of this study was to determine community perceptions of trained traditional birth attendants. The study used a qualitative study design. Data was collected using five focus group discussions from a total of 48 participants. All the participants were married men and women between the ages of 19 and 39 years residing in villages in the study site. Qualitative data derived from focus group discussions were analyzed using content analysis. This entailed reading, rereading and vigorous study of each question to come up with concepts in the responses through the process of coding. Notes and observations were sorted into categories representing different themes and five themes were identified. These include knowledge about trained traditional birth attendants' functions, access to trained traditional birth attendants, cultural practices and attitudes towards traditional birth attendants. The study revealed that the community members were aware of the presence of the trained traditional birth attendants and their functions. The community was appreciative of the services rendered by the trained traditional birth attendants except that access was hindered by poverty, lack of transport and security for trained traditional birth attendants.
Pressure ulcers part 2: prevention and management
Authors: Morris Clare 
Published: September 2014

This is the second article in a series relating to pressure ulcers. This article focuses on the prevention of pressure ulcers and how clinical guidelines help healthcare professionals to prevent pressure ulcers. The key to pressure ulcer prevention is risk assessment and being able to understand what makes a person vulnerable to pressure ulcers. The article also discusses the importance of repositioning and involving patients, carers and relatives in discussions about care.
Chaperoning — a role for the healthcare assistant?
Authors: Rawles Zoe 
Published: September 2014

In recent years the role of chaperone in healthcare has been recognized as increasingly important for patients and healthcare providers alike. It is a role that may fit very well within the remit of the healthcare assistant (HCA) but does require appropriate training. This article explores the roles and responsibilities of the chaperone and considers the part the HCA may play in delivering this essential task.
An apical left ventricular aneurysm rupture presenting as left breast mass 11 years after surgical repair
Authors: Fok M , Bashir M , Hammoud I , Harrington D , Kuduvalli M , Field M , Oo A 
Published: September 2014

Left ventricular (LV) pseudoaneurysm is a rare entity and, consequently, there is limited knowledge of the condition’s natural history. The most frequent mode of presentation for LV pseudoaneurysm is heart failure with chest pain. However, the variable presentation of this condition requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. We report the case of a 75-year-old woman who had suffered an acute myocardial infarction 23 years previously, which resulted in a calcified LV apical aneurysm. Three weeks prior to being referred to our hospital, she was noted by her general practitioner to have a left-sided breast mass although mammography was negative. One week later, she attended the accident and emergency department; she was haemodynamically unstable but was resuscitated successfully. Contrast enhanced computed tomography showed a large haematoma located in the left chest wall communicating with the left ventricle. She underwent emergency cardiac surgical repair. On arrival at the intensive care unit following surgery, her haemodynamic status was unstable, and she deteriorated rapidly and died. With this report, we aim to raise the level of awareness for an apical LV pulsatile mass that could anatomically expand and present as a breast mass or tumour. An early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention is essential in order to achieve better outcomes and avoid detrimental complications.
The management of the surgical complications of HELLP syndrome
Authors: Wilson SG , White AD , Young AL , Davies MH , Pollard SG 
Published: September 2014

Introduction Complications from HELLP (Haemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes and Low Platelet) syndrome may present as an emergency to any surgeon. We review the ten-year experience of a tertiary hepatobiliary centre managing HELLP patients. Three selected cases are described to highlight our management strategy and a systematic review of the recent literature is presented. Methods All patients with HELLP syndrome were identified from a prospectively maintained database and their details collated. Subsequently, a detailed search of PubMed was carried out to identify all case series of HELLP syndrome in the literature in the English language since 1999. Results On review of 1,002 cases, 10 patients were identified with surgical complications of HELLP syndrome. Seven of these patients had a significant liver injury. Only three of these required surgical intervention for liver injury although four other patients required surgical intervention for other complications. There was no maternal mortality in this series. Review of the literature identified 49 cases in 31 publications. The management approaches of these patients were compared with ours. Conclusions We have presented a large series of patients with surgical complications resulting from HELLP syndrome managed without maternal mortality. This review has confirmed that haemodynamically stable patients with HELLP syndrome associated hepatic rupture can be conservatively treated successfully. However, in unstable patients, perihepatic packing and transfer to a specialist liver unit is recommended.
A case of gossypiboma mimicking intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Ojha S , Gall T , Sodergren MH , Jiao LR 
Published: September 2014

Introduction A gossypiboma refers to a cotton-based foreign body left inadvertently in the human body following a surgical procedure. Although a rare event, they tend to be found in the abdomen but few are known to be intrahepatic. Case history We report the case of a 44 year-old man who presented with recurrent episodes of jaundice and cholangitis, on a background of a right hepatectomy for hydatid cyst excision 20 years previously. This case was discussed at our hepatobiliary multidisciplinary team meetings on several occasions and a presumed diagnosis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was made. Biopsies of the mass had purely shown inflammation and remained inconclusive. It was decided that the patient should undergo a complete extended right hepatectomy with resection and reconstruction of the left branch of the portal vein. On attempting to obtain intraoperative frozen section specimens prior to resection, open excision revealed two large swabs encased in a calcified cavity. Removal of the swabs resulted in resolution of the mass and obstructive symptoms. Conclusions Gossypiboma should be a rare differential diagnosis in all patients following a laparotomy presenting with obstructive symptoms, particularly in countries where strict surgical protocols may not be in place. This case also highlights the need to perform an intraoperative biopsy in any uncertain case of a liver lesion as we have shown that an extensive operation with its increased morbidity can occasionally be avoided.
Gallbladder perforation by absorbable spiral tacker
Authors: Wirsching A , Vonlanthen R , Lehmann K 
Published: September 2014

Introduction Mesh fixation with tacker systems is common in laparoscopic and open hernia repair. Complications due to absorbable tackers are rare and have not been described in the literature. However, we report a case of gallbladder erosion due to tacker dislocation. Methods An open hernia repair was performed using an intraperitoneal onlay mesh for a recurrent parastomal hernia after two previous mesh repairs in a 67-year-old patient. Results On postoperative day 2, the patient was reoperated because of a dislocated tacker that eroded and perforated the fundus region of the gallbladder. Putatively, tacker dislocation occurred owing to imbalanced traction forces. Initially, the mesh was fixed with absorbable tackers around the stoma on the right and transmuscular suture fixation was carried out on the left abdominal side. On revision surgery, tension forces to the right were therefore neutralised by additional transmuscular sutures on the right side. Conclusions Absorbable tackers in open hernia repair provide a safe and effective mesh fixation if tension forces are carefully avoided.
Volvulus of the liver with intrathoracic herniation
Authors: Moussa G , Thomson PM , Bohra A 
Published: September 2014

Introduction We present a rare case of a liver volvulus, stomach and transverse colon herniating through the diaphragm. This scenario has not been reported previously. We discuss the presentation and management of this interesting case. Case history A 65-year-old woman with a history of sarcoidosis and recurrent pericardial effusions, treated previously with a subxiphoid pericardial oval window fenestration, presented with acute upper abdominal pain radiating to the chest. High contrast computed tomography showed a volvulus of the liver with consequent venous congestion, and herniation of the liver, stomach and transverse colon through an anterior diaphragmatic defect. With liver perfusion threatened, an urgent laparoscopic repair was performed. The stomach and transverse colon were reduced, and the twisted left lobe of the liver was unrotated and reduced into the abdominal cavity. A double-sided synthetic mesh was used to repair the defect. The patient made an uneventful recovery. Conclusions This is a novel complication of a patient presenting with abdominal pain with a previous history of pericardial window fenestration. A laparoscopic reduction and repair can be performed safely with excellent postoperative results.
Surgical delivery of drug releasing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) paste with in vivo effects against glioblastoma
Authors: Smith SJ , Rahman CV , Clarke PA , Ritchie AA , Gould TW , Ward JH , Shakesheff KM , Grundy RG , Rahman R 
Published: September 2014

Introduction The median survival of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (astrocytoma grade 4) remains less than 18 months despite radical surgery, radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy. Surgical implantation of chemotherapy eluting wafers into the resection cavity has been shown to improve length of survival but the current licensed therapy has several drawbacks. This paper investigates in vivo efficacy of a novel drug eluting paste in glioblastoma. Methods Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA/PEG) self-sintering paste was loaded with the chemotherapeutic agent etoposide and delivered surgically into partially resected tumours in a flank murine glioblastoma xenograft model. Results Surgical delivery of the paste was successful and practical, with no toxicity or surgical morbidity to the animals. The paste was retained in the tumour cavity, and preliminary results suggest a useful antitumour and antiangiogenic effect, particularly at higher doses. Bioluminescent imaging was not affected significantly by the presence of the paste in the tumour. Conclusions Chemotherapy loaded PLGA/PEG paste seems to be a promising technology capable of delivering active drugs into partially resected tumours. The preliminary results of this study suggest efficacy with no toxicity and will lead to larger scale efficacy studies in orthotopic glioblastoma models.
The value and role of low dose methylene blue in the surgical management of hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Bewick J , Pfleiderer A 
Published: September 2014

IntroductionMethylene blue (MB) has been used in the identification of abnormal parathyroid glands in surgery for hyperparathyroidism. Its efficacy and safety profile have been questioned recently and this study sought to demonstrate such aspects in a unit where its use is routine.MethodsProspective data collected over six years in a single surgeon’s practice were interrogated to identify factors affecting MB staining, side effects suffered and unusual cases where the dye was invaluable in locating the diseased gland.ResultsA total of 98 patients underwent MB infusion. Of these, 77 cases (78.6%) stained positively with MB and 21 (21.4%) did not. Six patients suffered side effects but there were no cases of neurotoxicity. No positive predictive factors of dye uptake were found. MB was particularly useful in cases of intrathyroidal and ectopic glands as well as improving efficiency in both targeted and open parathyroidectomy.ConclusionsThis series shows that when used correctly, MB is efficacious in locating diseased parathyroid glands, with similar sensitivity rates to preoperative ultrasonography and radionucleotide imaging. Adverse effects were much lower than published previously, which may be attributed to the low dose of MB used (3.5mg/kg).
A retrospective case note review of laparoscopic versus open reversal of Hartmann’s procedure
Authors: Walklett CL , Yeomans NP 
Published: September 2014

Introduction First described in 1921, Hartmann’s procedure is the gold standard treatment for complicated sigmoid diverticular disease. It is also used commonly for other causes of perforation of the large bowel. However, the reversal rate in the UK is much lower than in comparable countries, at only 18–22%. Furthermore, laparoscopic reversal (LRH) is used far less frequently than open reversal (ORH) despite evidence that a laparoscopic technique reduces patient morbidity and decreases patient recovery time. Methods This retrospective case note review undertook an analysis of all the patients who had undergone Hartmann’s procedure at two centres in Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust between February 2007 and February 2012. Out of 305 patients, 235 were identified and included in the analysis. Comparisons were then drawn between LRH and ORH groups. Results The reversal rate was 21%. Three-quarters (76%) were performed using an open technique, 20% were laparoscopic and 5% were converted to an open procedure. The mean hospital stay was longer for the ORH group (9.82 days, standard deviation [SD]: 5.85 days, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.99 days) than for the LRH group (7.29 days, SD: 4.65 days, 95% CI: 11.58 days) p=0.006). Seven ORH patients (21%) were reoperated but only one LRH patient (13%) had a reoperation at six months. Five factors were found to have a significant effect on the likelihood of reversal of Hartmann’s procedure. Conclusions The overall reversal rate for Hartmann’s procedure remains low. Shorter hospital stays, lower 6-month reoperation rates and reduced 30-day complication rates are associated with LRH when compared with ORH.
‘Give us bread, but give us roses’: Gender and labour in the digital economy
Authors: Shade Leslie Regan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article provides an overview of contemporary scholarship in information and communication studies on labour and gender in the digital economy. It also discusses recent feminist perspectives on social media attributes around labour, including the paucity of women working in the social media industry, and the gendered dimension of young unpaid interns. Control of the means of communication and production is a dominant and perturbing theme throughout much of the research and activism. The article concludes with suggested venues of further research for students and scholars in order to energize pedagogy and practice in critical communication studies.
The governance of communication networks: Reconsidering the research agenda
Authors: Mansell Robin 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Governance arrangements have multiple implications for the norms and practices that influence citizen access to networks, opportunities for freedom of expression, and privacy. This article sets out a research agenda aimed at examining new forms of collective action in practice with a particular focus on how choices are limited by different norms concerning authority and the way these norms are institutionalized in the case of communication network governance. Systematic comparative studies of how governance is constituted in practice are likely to yield insight into how asymmetrical power relations are being played out in a variety of policy forums and how certain norms and practices are becoming standardized with outcomes that frequently depart from idealized visions of the governance process.
Free-media-speech: Free speech and public media
Authors: Kenyon Andrew T. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
While much writing about free speech focuses on the legal constraints on expression and matters of state censorship, free speech also entails positive obligations on the state to create the conditions for diverse public communication. This article explores how the rationales for free speech support, and indeed require, public media. For mediated communication, free speech involves the promotion of diversity in speakers, topics, audiences and modes of address. All this requires more than commonly repeated debates that are framed in terms of industry dynamics and related regulatory options. It requires media free speech.
‘Awaken your incredible’: Love your body discourses and postfeminist contradictions
Authors: Gill Rosalind , Elias Ana Sofia 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this article we focus on a new yet under-examined cultural phenomenon: the turn to ‘Love your body’ (LYB) discourses. Taking a feminist critical standpoint, we move away from an affirmative reading of LYB discourses and instead understand them as a postfeminist articulation of sexism. Our analysis identifies the key motifs of LYB discourses and contextualizes their dramatic proliferation over the last decade. Situated at the historical convergence of neoliberal governmentality, emotional capitalism, the growth of social media and commodity feminism, we trace how LYB discourses have emerged within the advertising genre to quickly saturate media more broadly. The article concludes with a critical assessment of LYB discourses that seeks to flesh out its distinctive contradictions and its ideological workings. In so doing, we will argue that far from representing a liberation from harmful beauty standards, LYB discourses are implicated in a deeper and more pernicious regulation of women that has shifted from bodily to psychic regulation.
Critical political economy of communications: A mid-term review
Authors: Hardy Jonathan 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
If we take the late 1960s as a starting point, an explicitly defined ‘critical political economy of communications’ is nearly 50 years old. How salient today are the core concerns that shaped this tradition? What are the emergent themes in contemporary critical media studies? While critical political economy’s attention to the way media industries are organized and financed has become a more central consideration across the field of media and communication studies, this mainstreaming has been accompanied by disconnection from the critical political economy tradition. Reviewing that paradox, the article identifies emergent research themes and argues for the relevance of critical political economy approaches for contemporary investigations into the problems of the media.
Arguing the case of the ‘Janus element’ in journalism education: Journalism history as essential element in journalism curricula in developing democracies
Authors: Rabe Lizette 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article argues the case for the inclusion of an essential element in Journalism curricula in post-colonial countries struggling to deepen a democratic dispensation: Journalism History. The article contends that what the author calls the ‘Janus factor’, namely a layered understanding of the past as it presents itself as the present, and the ability to think inclusively by facing inward and outward at the same time, is essential as a conceptual or higher-order tool to enable journalists to report with insight on political, social, cultural and economic realities for their various audiences, taking into account continuous interactions between politics, economics, culture and technology. This is especially crucial in one-party-dominated ‘democracies’ and in order to fulfil the role of the media as a ‘public trust’. In these fragile democracies, contested histories are significant factors having an impact on daily narratives. Added to this, the impact of the current disruptive digital (media) economy, which causes understaffed newsrooms, further hinders comprehensive reportage in fragile post-colonial democracies, such as South Africa, and hence the need for journalists to have an understanding of their own profession and its role in past and present realities.