bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extinction, reintroduction, and restoration of a lizard meta‐population equilibrium in the missouri ozarks
Authors: Sites Jack W. 
Published: July 2013

In this issue of Molecular Ecology, Neuwald & Templeton (2013) report on a 22‐year study of natural populations of Collared Lizards (Crotaphytus collaris) that evolved on isolated on rock outcrops (‘glades’) in the Ozark Mountains in eastern Missouri. This ecosystem was originally maintained by frequent fires that kept the forest understory open, but fire‐suppression was adopted as official policy in about 1945, which led to a loss of native biodiversity, including local extinctions of some lizard populations. Policies aimed at restoring biodiversity included controlled burns and re‐introductions of lizards to some glades, which began in 1984. Populations were monitored from 1984–2006, and demographic and genetic data collected from 1 679 lizards were used to documents shifts in meta‐population dynamics over four distinct phases of lizard recovery: 1–an initial translocation of lizards drawn from the same source populations onto three glades that were likely part of one meta‐population; 2–a period of isolation and genetic drift associated with the absence of fires; 3–a period of rapid colonization and population increase following restoration of fire; and 4–stabilization of the meta‐population under regular prescribed burning. This study system thus provides a rare opportunity to characterize the dynamics of a landscape‐scale management strategy on the restoration of the meta‐population of a reintroduced species; long‐term case studies of the extinction, founding, increase, and stabilization of a well‐defined meta‐population, based on both demographic and population genetic data, are rare in the conservation, ecological, and evolutionary literature.
MANAGING THE CLIMATE RENT: HOW CAN REGULATORS IMPLEMENT INTERTEMPORALLY EFFICIENT MITIGATION POLICIES?
Authors: KALKUHL MATTHIAS , EDENHOFER OTTMAR 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper provides a formal framework to analyze informational and commitment requirements of several intertemporal price and quantity instruments for mitigating global warming. We ask under what conditions and to what extend the regulator can shift the complex and daunting intertemporal optimization of fossil resource use to markets. Mitigation always generates an intertemporal climate rent which reflects the stock‐dependent damages and emerging scarcities of the atmospheric carbon deposit. In order to calculate and to manage this climate rent appropriately, common policy instruments like Pigouvian taxes or emissions trading presume perfect information about resource demand, extraction costs, reserve sizes, and damages for the entire planning horizon. To reduce these informational requirements we develop an alternative policy approach—a state dependent tax rule—that relies only on current observations of cumulative extraction (or atmospheric carbon concentration). Within a cost–benefit analysis, this instrument is capable to shift the complex intertemporal optimization problem completely to the resource sector when resource owners are homogeneous. Under a cost‐effective carbon budget approach, emissions trading with banking and borrowing can also unburden the regulator from solving the intertemporal social planner optimization problem. Additionally, we discuss which instruments can obtain an optimal allocation even if resource owners employ discount rate mark‐ups (i.e., due to imperfect commitment or insecure property rights). While an emissions trading scheme without banking and borrowing is robust against discount rate mark‐ups, resource taxes have to be modified in order to achieve an optimal allocation.
Fine‐mapping a fibre strength QTL QFS‐D11‐1 on cotton chromosome 21 using introgressed lines
Authors: Su Chengfu , Wang Wei , Qiu Xinmian , Yang Liu , Li Song , Wang Meixing , Pan Qunbin 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAn initial F2 mapping population of 223 plants of the cross between TM‐1 (Gossypium hirsutum L.) × H102 (Gossypium barbadense L.) was used to map QTLs controlling fibre strength in cotton. A genetic linkage map with 408 SSR markers was constructed with a total length of 3872.6 cM. Multiple‐QTL model of the software MapQTL version 5.0 was used to map QTLs related to fibre strength of the F2 : 3 population. QTL QFS‐D11‐1 conferring fibre strength was mapped between NAU2950 and NAU4855 on chromosome 21 (Chr. 21) which explained 23.4% of phenotypic variation. Introgressed lines (ILs), that is, IL‐D11‐1, IL‐D11‐2 and IL‐D11‐3 were obtained through marker‐assisted backcrossing in TM‐1 background. An F2 population of 758 plants derived from cross IL‐D11‐2 × TM‐1 was used for fine‐mapping QTL QFS‐D11‐1. QFS‐D11‐1 was mapped between markers NAU2110 and NAU2950, adjacent to its initial interval NAU2950–NAU4855 with phenotypic variation explaining 35.8%. QFS‐D11‐1 was further mapped to 0.6 cM from the flanking marker NAU2950. The results will give a basis for marker‐assisted selection of QFS‐D11‐1 in cotton breeding and to lay the foundation for cloning QFS‐D11‐1.
The Structured Employment Interview: Narrative and Quantitative Review of the Research Literature
Authors: Levashina Julia , Hartwell Christopher J. , Morgeson Frederick P. , Campion Michael A. 
Published: July 2013

In the 20 years since frameworks of employment interview structure have been developed, a considerable body of empirical research has accumulated. We summarize and critically examine this literature by focusing on the 8 main topics that have been the focus of attention: (a) the definition of structure; (b) reducing bias through structure; (c) impression management in structured interviews; (d) measuring personality via structured interviews; (e) comparing situational versus past‐behavior questions; (f) developing rating scales; (g) probing, follow‐up, prompting, and elaboration on questions; and (h) reactions to structure. For each topic, we review and critique research and identify promising directions for future research. When possible, we augment the traditional narrative review with meta‐analytic review and content analysis. We concluded that much is known about structured interviews, but there are still many unanswered questions. We provide 12 propositions and 19 research questions to stimulate further research on this important topic.
Against Moral Intellectualism
Authors: Adams Zed 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper argues that non‐cognitivism about moral judgements is compatible with moral realism. In order to reveal the possibility, and plausibility, of this hitherto under‐explored position in metaethics, it surveys a series of four increasingly fine‐grained formulations of the distinction between cognitivism and non‐cognitivism. It argues that all but the last of these distinctions should be rejected, on the grounds that they lead advocates of non‐cognitivism away from what initially motivated them to advocate non‐cognitivism in the first place. One significant pay‐off of this reconceived formulation of the cognitivism/non‐cognitivism distinction is that it reveals what it would take to properly appreciate the place of virtue ethics in contemporary metaethical debates.
Nominalism and Realism. How Not to Read the Tractatus' Conception of a Name
Authors: Mezzadri Daniele 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis paper focuses on a central aspect of the “picture theory” in the Tractatus – the “identity requirement” – namely the idea that a proposition represents elements in reality as combined in the same way as its elements are combined. After introducing the Tractatus' views on the nature of the proposition, I engage with a “nominalist” interpretation, according to which the Tractatus holds that relations are not named in propositions. I claim that the nominalist account can only be maintained by rejecting the “identity requirement.” I then consider an opposite – “realist” – interpretation, according to which Tractarian names include names of properties and relations. I argue that, although it can accommodate the “identity requirement,” the realist interpretation falls short of providing a correct interpretation of the Tractatus' conception of a name. I conclude by presenting an alternative account (to both nominalism and realism) of the Tractatus' conception of a name.
Using Rfm for Simultaneous Positioning of Multi‐Sensor Spaceborne Sar Imagery
Authors: Wu Yingdan , Ming Yang 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAs a generic sensor model, the rational function model (RFM) has been widely used in the geometric processing of optical images, but its application to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) datasets has not been developed sufficiently. In this paper a thorough study of the RFM‐based bundle adjustment for the simultaneous positioning of multi‐sensor spaceborne SAR imagery is made. Different control point layouts are designed to analyse its accuracy, and block adjustments based on a rigorous model are compared with the RFM. Experiments show that the RFM can attain a similar positional accuracy to the rigorous model and, when ground control points are sparse, the RFM is more stable.
Hydrurus‐related golden algae (Chrysophyceae) cause yellow snow in polar summer snowfields
Authors: Remias Daniel , Jost Steffen , Boenigk Jens , Wastian Johann , Lütz Cornelius 
Published: July 2013

SummaryIn polar regions, melting snow fields can be occupied by striking blooms of chrysophycean algae, which cause yellowish slush during summer. Samples were harvested at King George Island (South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctica) and at Spitsbergen (Svalbard archipelago, High Arctic). The populations live in an ecological niche, where water‐logged snow provides a cold and ephemeral ecosystem, possibly securing the survival of psychrophilic populations through the summer. A physiological adaptation to low temperatures was shown by photosynthesis measurements. The analysis of soluble carbohydrates showed the occurrence of glycerol and sugars, which may play a role in protection against intracellular freezing. Although both populations were made of unicells with Ochromonas‐alike morphology, investigation by molecular methods (18S rDNA sequencing) revealed unexpectedly a very close relationship to the mountain‐river dwelling Hydrurus foetidus (Villars) Trevisan. However, macroscopic thalli typical for the latter species were never found in snow, but are known from nearby localities, and harvested samples of snow algae exposed to dryness evolved a similar pervading, ‘fishy’ smell. Moreover, in both habitats tetrahedal zoospores with four elongate spikes were found, similar to what is known from Hydrurus. Our molecular results go along with earlier reports, where chrysophycean sequences of the same taxonomic affiliation were isolated from snow. This points to a distinct group of photoautotrophic, Hydrurus‐related chrysophytes, which are characteristic for long‐lasting, slowly melting snow packs in certain cold regions of the world.
Calorific values of Chlorella vulgaris (Trebouxiophyceae) as a function of different phosphorus concentrations
Authors: Chia Mathias Ahii , Lombardi Ana Teresa , Gama Melão Maria da Graça 
Published: July 2013

SummaryQuantification of the calorific content of microalgae is critical in studies of energy flow, trophic partitioning, plant/herbivore interactions in aquaculture and biomass production for biofuels. We investigated the calorific value and biochemical composition of Chlorella vulgaris at different phosphorus (P) concentrations (6.0 × 10−7, 2.3 × 10−6 and 2.3 × 10−4 mol L−1 P). As expected, the control (2.3 × 10−4 mol L−1 P) supported better growth than P limited treatments. Biomolecules like total carbohydrates and lipids accumulated under P limitation, which significantly correlated with high calorific values. Lipid class composition showed that triacylglycerols were the most accumulated under P limited conditions. The calorific value reported under control conditions (13.78 kJ g−1) was less than those obtained under P limitation (30.47–33.07 kJ g−1). The highest calorific value with less growth retardation was obtained at 2.3 × 10−6 mol L−1 P.
Tuberculosis: Current state of knowledge
Authors: Leung Chi Chiu , Lange Christoph , Zhang Ying 
Published: July 2013

AbstractMycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), has developed various mechanisms to survive and cause disease in the human host. Incomplete understanding of the complex microbe–host interactions has hindered the identification of suitable biomarkers to expedite the development of diagnostic tools, drugs and vaccines. The field effectiveness of directly observed therapy–short course has been compromised by the intrinsic limitations of sputum microscopy and suboptimal adherence to the long duration of treatment amid the HIV‐TB syndemic and various socioeconomic constraints. While molecular tools are transforming the diagnostic processes, especially for multi‐drug‐resistant (MDR)‐TB, drug development and service provision for MDR‐TB seriously lag behind. Inappropriate management of detected MDR‐TB cases may amplify drug resistance, jeopardizing future control. Targeted screening and treatment of latent infection with M. tuberculosis with the currently available immunodiagnostic tools and treatment regimens aim more for personal protection than major epidemiological impact or elimination. The interferon‐γ release assays (IGRA) are not affected by cross‐reaction to the bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine and are increasingly used for such screening before initiation of biologics for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disorders. BCG offers only partial and unreliable protection against pulmonary TB in adults, the crucial transmission link for this airborne infection. Systems biology and vaccinomics may speed up vaccine research. The successful development of a fully effective TB vaccine that targets both growing bacteria and non‐growing persisters may reflect a major breakthrough, as natural infection does not induce sufficient immunity to prevent reinfection.
The Coal‐Corn Divide: Colliding Treadmills in Rural Community Energy Development
Authors: Gasteyer Stephen , Carrera Jennifer 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe emergence of concerns about “peak oil,” the fallout from the Iraq War in terms of renewed calls for “energy security,” and the development of new technology to gain access to fossil fuels and gas long off‐limits because of economic and environmental concerns has led to a boom of multiple kinds of energy development in and around rural communities in the United States. This article uses the lens of treadmill‐of‐production and growth‐machine literature to understand these developments in south central Illinois, an area with rich farmland and a history of underground coal extraction. While this analysis finds the expected support from community elites for renewed coal extraction, despite health and environmental risks, we find that the farm community, concerned about damage to land critical for producing corn and beans, profitable at historical levels in part because of the biofuel boom, formed a strong opposition movement. In short, we find evidence of colliding treadmills of energy production. The findings have implications for the analysis of rural energy production in the United States and beyond.
An Exploration ofAfricanAmerican Forest Landowners inMississippi
Authors: Gordon Jason S. , Barton Alan , Adams Keenan 
Published: July 2013

Abstract InMississippi counties with largeAfricanAmerican populations, forest resources constitute one of the most important agricultural outputs. Despite the efforts of natural resources extension personnel to provide educational programming to this group, little is known about their needs, concerns, and meanings of the landscape for them. Research has taken place in theCarolinas, Alabama, andGeorgia; however, forests andAfricanAmerican forest landowners inMississippi face unique social, historical, and ecological contexts that need to be examined. If forests and forestry programs are to provide an equitable distribution of benefits to diverse populations inMississippi, a culturally based understanding of landowners is needed with special attention to those populations who have been traditionally underserved because of race and income. We address this need by presenting data from focus groups withAfricanAmerican forest landowners in several ruralMississippi counties. Findings indicate that a complex relationship with the landscape has inculcated much traditional knowledge about forest resources, opportunities and challenges to participation in programs and landowner associations, and concerns over heir property, among other factors. We discuss implications for how forestry can meet the sustainable natural resource goals and rural development needs ofAfricanAmerican landowners and communities.
Impaired Thymic Output in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Hartling H. J. , Gaardbo J. C. , Ronit A. , Salem M. , Laye M. , Clausen M. R. , Skogstrand K. , Gerstoft J. , Ullum H. , Nielsen S. D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractAltered T cell homeostasis in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been demonstrated. However, it is unknown whether fibrosis is associated with more perturbed T cell homeostasis in chronic HCV infection. The aim of this study was to examine and compare T cell subsets including recent thymic emigrants (RTE), naive, memory, senescent, apoptotic and IL‐7 receptor α (CD127) expressing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as telomere length and interferon‐γ production in HCV‐infected patients with (n = 25) and without (n = 26) fibrosis as well as in healthy controls (n = 24). Decreased proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ RTE were found in HCV‐infected patients, especially in HCV‐infected patients with fibrosis (14.3% (9.7–23.0) and 28.8% (16.1–40.5), respectively) compared with healthy controls (24.2% (16.3–32.1), P = 0.004 and 39.1% (31.6–55.0), P = 0.010, respectively). Furthermore, HCV‐infected patients with fibrosis presented with a higher proportion of CD4+ T cells expressing CD127 compared with HCV‐infected patients without fibrosis [88.4% (84.5–91.0) versus 83.8% (79.9–86.8), P = 0.016]. Thus, impaired thymic output in HCV infection was found, and high proportion of CD127+ T cells may illustrate a compensatory mechanism to preserve T cell counts.
Investigating medical decision‐making capacity in patients with cognitive impairment using a protocol based on linguistic features
Authors: Tallberg Ing‐Mari , Stormoen Sara , Almkvist Ove , Eriksdotter Maria , Sundström Erik 
Published: July 2013

A critical question is whether cognitively impaired patients have the competence for autonomous decisions regarding participation in clinical trials. The present study aimed to investigate medical decision‐making capacity by use of a Swedish linguistic instrument for medical decision‐making (LIMD) in hypothetical clinical trials in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Three comparable groups (age, education) participated in the study: AD (n = 20; MMSE: 24.1 ± 3.3) and MCI (n = 22; MMSE: 26.7 ± 2.4) patients and healthy controls (n = 37; MMSE: 29.1 ± 1.0). Medical decision‐making capacity was operationalized as answers to questions regarding participation in three hypothetical clinical trials. Answers were scored regarding comprehension, evaluation and intelligibility of decisions, and a total LIMD score was used as the measure of medical decision‐making ability. Groups differed significantly in LIMD with AD patients performing worst and MCI poorer than the control group. A strong association was found between all LIMD scores and diagnosis which supported the assertion that LIMD as it is designed is a one‐dimensional instrument of medical decision‐making capacity (MDMC). The results indicate that a fundamental communicative ability has an impact on the competence for autonomous decisions in cognitive impairment.
Impact of immunoreactive substances contained in apheresis platelet concentrate on postoperative respiratory function in surgical patients receiving platelet transfusion: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Kanai R. , Iijima T. , Hashimoto S. , Nakazawa H. , Ohnishi H. , Yorozu T. , Ohkawa R. , Nojiri T. , Shimizu M. , Okazaki H. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYObjectivesTo construct an alternative policy for the donor selection of platelet concentrate (PC), a clinical study exploring the features of lung injury following PC administration is needed.BackgroundAlthough a male‐donor‐only policy for plasma products appears to have efficiently reduced transfusion‐related acute lung injury (TRALI), this policy may not be applied to PC because of supply shortages.Methods and MaterialsWe prospectively examined pulmonary function after the transfusion of PC in informed surgical patients treated at a tertiary university hospital in Japan. The contributions of immunoreactive substances contained in the PC to respiratory function after PC transfusion was then statistically examined.ResultsEighty‐six patients (56 men, 30 women) were enrolled in the analysis. Fifty‐four cases experienced respiratory failure (PaO2/FiO2 <300 mmHg) after transfusion. Five cases were diagnosed as possible TRALI based on permeability pulmonary oedema, while 23 cases were diagnosed as transfusion‐associated circulatory overload (TACO) based on chest radiograph findings. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the presence of anti‐granulocyte antibody as a significant predictor of possible TRALI [P = 0·023; odds ratio (OR), 13·0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1·4–118·3]. Meanwhile, anti‐leukocyte antibody class II was identified as a significant independent predictor of TACO (P = 0·010; OR, 18·4; 95% CI, 2·0–170·1).ConclusionsOur data suggest that antibodies contained in PC may contribute to the deterioration of respiratory function after PC transfusion, although the diagnoses of TACO and TRALI may have overlapped among the patients with pulmonary distress in this cohort.
Buildings, spiders, and geometric Satake
Authors: Fontaine Bruce , Kamnitzer Joel , Kuperberg Greg 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLet$G$be a simple algebraic group. Labelled trivalent graphs called webs can be used to produce invariants in tensor products of minuscule representations. For each web, we construct a configuration space of points in the affine Grassmannian. Via the geometric Satake correspondence, we relate these configuration spaces to the invariant vectors coming from webs. In the case of$G= \mathrm{SL} (3)$, non-elliptic webs yield a basis for the invariant spaces. The non-elliptic condition, which is equivalent to the condition that the dual diskoid of the web is$\mathrm{CAT} (0)$, is explained by the fact that affine buildings are$\mathrm{CAT} (0)$.
Complexity of OM factorizations of polynomials over local fields
Authors: Bauch Jens-Dietrich , Nart Enric , Stainsby Hayden D. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLet $k$ be a locally compact complete field with respect to a discrete valuation $v$. Let $ \mathcal{O} $ be the valuation ring, $\mathfrak{m}$ the maximal ideal and $F(x)\in \mathcal{O} [x] $ a monic separable polynomial of degree $n$. Let $\delta = v(\mathrm{Disc} (F))$. The Montes algorithm computes an OM factorization of $F$. The single-factor lifting algorithm derives from this data a factorization of $F(\mathrm{mod~} {\mathfrak{m}}^{\nu } )$, for a prescribed precision $\nu $. In this paper we find a new estimate for the complexity of the Montes algorithm, leading to an estimation of $O({n}^{2+ \epsilon } + {n}^{1+ \epsilon } {\delta }^{2+ \epsilon } + {n}^{2} {\nu }^{1+ \epsilon } )$ word operations for the complexity of the computation of a factorization of $F(\mathrm{mod~} {\mathfrak{m}}^{\nu } )$, assuming that the residue field of $k$ is small.