bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confucian Ethics and Labor Rights
Authors: Kim Tae Wan 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACT:In this article I inquire into Confucian ethics from a non-ideal stance investigating the complex interaction between Confucian ideals and the reality of the modern workplace. I contend that even Confucian workers who regularly engage in social rites at the workplace have an internal, Confucian reason to appreciate the value of rights at the workplace. I explain, from a Confucian non-ideal perspective, why I disagree with the presumptuous idea that labor (or workplace) rights are necessarily incompatible with Confucian ideals and values. Specifically, I argue that if managers were “sages,” the highest moral exemplars and authorities in the Confucian tradition, they would perceive that social rituals alone are often not a contextually intelligent and valued response for the development of intimate communities in the modern workplace. The sage perspective will lead Confucian managers to realize, from their own moral perspective, that they have good reason to balance rites with rights, so long as the adoption is extrinsically valuable and consistent with the Confucian ideal. This article contributes to the debates about Confucianism's compatibility with rights, helps Western human rights scholars better contextualize their arguments in Confucianism-influenced cultures, and contributes to the development of a Confucian or Chinese approach to business ethics.
Lobular Neoplasia: Morphology and Management
Authors: Jorns Julie , Sabel Michael S. , Pang Judy C. 
Published: September 2014

Context.—Lobular neoplasia encompasses a spectrum of disease, including atypical lobular hyperplasia and lobular carcinoma in situ. Although classic forms of lobular neoplasia are predominantly heralded as a risk marker, the pleomorphic form of lobular carcinoma in situ is generally regarded as a more aggressive subtype and a possible cancer precursor, and thus is treated in a manner more similar to ductal carcinoma in situ than classic forms of lobular neoplasia.Objective.—To focus on the morphologic spectrum of lobular neoplasia as highlighted by 3 cases and current management recommendations. Areas of diagnostic challenge and controversy are addressed.Data Sources.—A review of the pertinent published literature and current national guidelines was conducted.Conclusions.—Correct classification of classic lobular neoplasia and pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ is critical because of differences in clinical management, with current treatment strategies focused on risk reduction for patients with classic lobular neoplasia and eradication of the lesion for those with pleomorphic lobular carcinoma in situ.
Grafting of acrylic acid‐co‐itaconic acid onto ePTFE and characterization of water uptake by the graft copolymers
Authors: Hidzir Norsyahidah Mohd , Lee Qianhui , Hill David J. T. , Rasoul Firas , Grøndahl Lisbeth 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTExpanded polytetrafluoroethylene, ePTFE, is an attractive material for use as the implant in facial reconstruction surgery because it is bioinert; however, its low surface energy does not facilitate a strong interfacial bond with bone and thus for some applications the surfaces need to be modified to enhance their bone‐integration properties. The surface modification of ePTFE membranes with copolymers of acrylic acid (AA) and itaconic acid (IA) using in situ gamma radiation induced grafting has been studied. Solutions with AA mole fractions ranging from 0.4 to 1.0 have been investigated. Graft yields of 35–50% with water uptakes of greater than 300% were obtained using 3 mol L−1 aqueous solutions of the monomers and a total incident dose of 10 kGy. The grafts were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses and the compositional microstructure of the grafted copolymers was investigated. The water uptake by the grafted membranes displayed a complex dependence on polymer chemistry and topology. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41482.
Neural adaptation to silence in the human auditory cortex: a magnetoencephalographic study
Authors: Okamoto Hidehiko , Kakigi Ryusuke 
Published: September 2014

AbstractIntroductionPrevious studies demonstrated that a decrement in the N1m response, a major deflection in the auditory evoked response, with sound repetition was mainly caused by bottom‐up driven neural refractory periods following brain activation due to sound stimulations. However, it currently remains unknown whether this decrement occurs with a repetition of silences, which do not induce refractoriness.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated decrements in N1m responses elicited by five repetitive silences in a continuous pure tone and by five repetitive pure tones in silence using magnetoencephalography.ResultsRepetitive sound stimulation differentially affected the N1m decrement in a sound type‐dependent manner; while the N1m amplitude decreased from the 1st to the 2nd pure tone and remained constant from the 2nd to the 5th pure tone in silence, a gradual decrement was observed in the N1m amplitude from the 1st to the 5th silence embedded in a continuous pure tone.ConclusionsOur results suggest that neural refractoriness may mainly cause decrements in N1m responses elicited by trains of pure tones in silence, while habituation, which is a form of the implicit learning process, may play an important role in the N1m source strength decrements elicited by successive silences in a continuous pure tone.
Interconnecting distributed virtual worlds using Metabots: performance evaluation against the traditional client‐server model
Authors: Kotsilieris Theodore , Karetsos George T. , Anagnostopoulos Ioannis , Dimopoulou Nikoletta A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractVirtual Worlds evolution is breaking the barriers of virtual isolation, thus allowing users to participate in geographically dispersed and culturally diverse places. At the same time, mobile agents have been established as a solid programming method for heterogeneous networking and computing environments. Our work focuses on the definition of a distributed Virtual World reference platform for enhanced users' experience. Towards interconnecting virtual worlds with mobile agents, we have further enriched the concept of a human‐like appearance avatar. We propose two distributed virtual world architectures, namely loose and tight. In parallel, we present a relevant implementation scheme along with experimental results that prove the performance enhancements achieved against the classic client/server model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tailoring the Morphology of g‐C3N4 by Self‐Assembly towards High Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Liao Yongliang , Zhu Shenmin , Ma Jun , Sun Zhihua , Yin Chao , Zhu Chengling , Lou Xianghong , Zhang Di 
Published: September 2014

AbstractWe report a novel method for the preparation of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) with various morphologies through self‐assembly and calcination, which starts from the raw materials melamine, urea, and cyanuric acid. The hollow to wormlike morphologies of g‐C3N4 could be readily tailored by adjusting the molar ratio of melamine to urea; with increase in the molar ratio from 3:1 to 1:3, a morphology transformation was observed. The morphologies were tailored by self‐assembly of the aggregates by hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions. Correspondingly, an increased BET surface area from 49.6 to 97.4 m2 g−1 was observed. If used as a photocatalyst in degrading rhodamine B (RhB) under visible‐light irradiation, these g‐C3N4 samples demonstrated 7 to 13 times higher performance than conventional bulk g‐C3N4. The high performance was attributed to the unique morphology that provided not only high specific surface area but low recombination losses of photogenerated charges.
A Combined Metal–Halide/Metal Flux Synthetic Route towards Type‐I Clathrates: Crystal Structures and Thermoelectric Properties of A8Al8Si38 (A=K, Rb, and Cs)
Authors: Baran Volodymyr , Senyshyn Anatoliy , Karttunen Antti J. , Fischer Andreas , Scherer Wolfgang , Raudaschl‐Sieber Gabriele , Fässler Thomas F. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractSingle‐phase samples of the compounds K8Al8Si38 (1), Rb8Al8Si38 (2), and Cs7.9Al7.9Si38.1 (3) were obtained with high crystallinity and in good quantities by using a novel flux method with two different flux materials, such as Al and the respective alkali‐metal halide salt (KBr, RbCl, and CsCl). This approach facilitates the removal of the product mixture from the container and also allows convenient extraction of the flux media due to the good solubility of the halide salts in water. The products were analyzed by means of single‐crystal X‐ray structure determination, powder X‐ray and neutron diffraction experiments, 27Al‐MAS NMR spectroscopy measurements, quantum chemical calculations, as well as magnetic and transport measurements (thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, and Seebeck coefficient). Due to the excellent quality of the neutron diffraction data, the difference between the nuclear scattering factors of silicon and aluminum atoms was sufficient to refine their mixed occupancy at specific sites. The role of variable‐range hopping for the interpretation of the resistivity and the Seebeck coefficient is discussed.
Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Thiourea Oxides
Authors: Makarov Sergei V. , Horváth Attila K. , Silaghi‐Dumitrescu Radu , Gao Qingyu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThiourea dioxide is one of the best known, important, and stable products of thiourea oxidation. This compound has long been considered as an effective reducing agent for many years. Traditional areas of its application include the textile and paper industries. In recent years, however, thiourea dioxides and trioxides have been widely used in new fields including organocatalytic, polymerization, and phase‐transfer reactions; reduction of graphene and graphite oxides; bitumen modifications; synthesis of guanidines and their derivatives; and studying nonlinear dynamical phenomena in chemical kinetics. The review gives a detailed survey of the latest developments and main trends in the chemistry and application of thiourea mon‐, di‐, and trioxides.
Ultrastructure of the Odontocete Organ of Corti: Scanning and transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Morell Maria , Lenoir Marc , Shadwick Robert E. , Jauniaux Thierry , Dabin Willy , Begeman Lineke , Ferreira Marisa , Maestre Iranzu , Degollada Eduard , Hernandez‐Milian Gema , Cazevieille Chantal , Fortuño José‐Manuel , Vogl Wayne , Puel Jean‐Luc , André Michel 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThe morphological study of the Odontocete organ of Corti, together with possible alterations associated with damage from sound exposure, represents a key conservation approach to assess the effects of acoustic pollution on marine ecosystems. By collaborating with stranding networks from several European countries, 150 ears from 13 species of Odontocetes were collected and analyzed by scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Based on our analyses, we first describe and compare Odontocete cochlear structures and then propose a diagnostic method to identify inner ear alterations in stranded individuals. The two species analyzed by TEM (Phocoena phocoena and Stenella coeruleoalba) showed morphological characteristics in the lower basal turn of high‐frequency hearing species. Among other striking features, outer hair cell bodies were extremely small and were strongly attached to Deiters cells. Such morphological characteristics, shared with horseshoe bats, suggest that there has been convergent evolution of sound reception mechanisms among echolocating species. Despite possible autolytic artifacts due to technical and experimental constraints, the SEM analysis allowed us to detect the presence of scarring processes resulting from the disappearance of outer hair cells from the epithelium. In addition, in contrast to the rapid decomposition process of the sensory epithelium after death (especially of the inner hair cells), the tectorial membrane appeared to be more resistant to postmortem autolysis effects. Analysis of the stereocilia imprint pattern at the undersurface of the tectorial membrane may provide a way to detect possible ultrastructural alterations of the hair cell stereocilia by mirroring them on the tectorial membrane. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:431–448, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Cyclopentadiene Ligands with Fluorinated Substituents by Reaction of Cobaltocene with Fluoroalkenes
Authors: Heinrich Darina , Haupt Axel , Lentz Dieter 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe hitherto difficult introduction of fluorinated and perfluorinated substituents onto cyclopentadienes is possible by the simple reaction of cobaltocene with fluorinated olefins(CF2=CFX; X = I, Br, Cl, CF3). Two structurally different products, that is, a mononuclear complex and a dinuclear complex, are formed. Reaction of cobaltocene with iodotrifluoroethene yields η5‐cyclopentadienyl‐η4‐trifluorovinylcyclopentadienecobalt and cobaltocenium iodide. Reaction of cobaltocenium salts with hexafluoropropene and trifluorovinyllithium represents an alternative high‐yielding synthesis of the corresponding compounds. The molecular structures of three compounds were elucidated by using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Carers' Assessment, Skills and Information Sharing (CASIS) Trial: A Qualitative Study of the Experiential Perspective of Caregivers and Patients
Authors: Macdonald Pam , Rhind Charlotte , Hibbs Rebecca , Goddard Elizabeth , Raenker Simone , Todd Gill , Schmidt Ulrike , Treasure Janet 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundFamilies express a need for guidance in helping their loved ones with anorexia nervosa (AN). Guided self‐help interventions can offer support to caregivers.MethodsOne hundred seventy‐eight adult AN patients and their caregivers were recruited from 15 UK treatment centres. Families were randomized to carers' assessment, skills and information sharing (C) intervention + treatment as usual (TAU) or TAU alone. Feedback forms were sent at 6 months post‐discharge and, if not returned, at 12 months. One hundred two (57%) patient forms (n = 50TAU; n = 52C) and 115 (65%) caregiver forms (n = 60TAU; n = 55C) were returned. Two researchers coded data blind, using thematic analysis.Results(i) Caregivers and patients express a need for post‐discharge support. (ii) Patients identify helpful and unhelpful support strategies, useful for developing future interventions. (iii) Patients could identify positive caregiver behaviour changes targeted in intervention. (iv) Guided self‐help may benefit caregiver and sufferer, post‐discharge.ConclusionCaregiver interventions can be a useful tool that will improve the cost effectiveness of inpatient treatment by enhancing the well‐being of caregivers and patients. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Evaluation of an established pericardium patch for delivery of mesenchymal stem cells to cardiac tissue
Authors: Vashi Aditya V. , White Jacinta F. , McLean Keith M. , Neethling William M. L. , Rhodes David I. , Ramshaw John A. M. , Werkmeister Jerome A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe present study has evaluated a commercial pericardial material for its capacity to assist as a natural extracellular matrix (ECM) patch for the delivery and retention of mesenchymal stem cells for cardiac repair. The repair of cardiac tissue with cells delivered by an appropriate bioscaffold is expected to offer a superior, long‐lasting treatment strategy. The present material, CardioCel®, is based on acellular pericardium that has been stabilized by treatments, including a low concentration of glutaraldehyde, that eliminate calcification after implantation. In the present study, we have assessed this material using human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells at various cell densities under standard, static cell culture conditions. The initial seeding densities were monitored to evaluate the extent of cell attachment and cell viability, with subsequent cell proliferation assessed up to 4 weeks using an MTS assay. Cell morphology, infiltration, and spreading were tracked using scanning electron microscopy and phalloidin staining. The efficacy of long‐term cell survival was further assessed by examining the extent and type of new tissue formation on seeded scaffolds at 70 days; both type I and type III collagens were present in fibrillar structures on these scaffolds indicating that the seeded stem cells had the capacity to differentiate into collagen‐producing cells necessary to repair damaged ECM. These data show that the CardioCel® scaffold is an appropriate substrate for the stem cells and has the potential to both retain seeded stem cells and to act as a template for cell propagation and new tissue formation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 103A: 1999–2005, 2015.
Circulation‐type classification derived on a climatic basis to study air quality dynamics over the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Valverde Víctor , Pay María T. , Baldasano José M. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTA circulation‐type classification is derived for the 1983–2012 climatic period to characterize air quality dynamics over the Iberian Peninsula (IP). Sensitivity tests to automatic classification techniques and other factors affecting the classification (number of patterns, temporal and spatial resolution, domain size, etc.) are performed to objectivize the set‐up that maximizes its quality. The ERA‐Interim reanalysis and the cost733class classification software are used. The identified circulation types (CTs) are described in terms of frequency, persistence, transitions, and location of isobaric systems. The temporal stability of the classification is evaluated following a cross‐validation process that compares the results of the climatic and yearly classifications, leading to the identification of a representative year. Moreover, a representative day for each CT is identified using an objective score that minimizes the absolute value difference of the daily grid with respect to the average CT grid. The reference set‐up uses a cluster‐based technique (Ck‐means) on a daily mean sea‐level pressure database. Six CTs are identified, which are consistent with synoptic patterns found in the literature. Furthermore, the CTs of the climatic period are temporally stable showing similar characteristics in terms of frequency and location of high‐ and low‐pressure systems as those of the representative year (2012). As a first application of the CT classification, 1 h‐maximum NO2 concentration maps from the CALIOPE Air Quality Forecasting System is analysed for the representative days. Synoptic circulation controls the origin and strength of advection explaining transport and NO2 background concentration over the IP. However, there is a strong spatial heterogeneity: in central, northern, and southern IP; NO2 concentrations are controlled by the synoptic circulation, whereas in Spanish Mediterranean coastal areas, a combination of synoptic and mesoscale dynamics explains the NO2 concentration patterns.
Accuracy of Visual Assessment of Dopamine Transporter Imaging in Early Parkinsonism
Authors: Jakobson Mo Susanna , Linder Jan , Forsgren Lars , Riklund Katrine 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDopamine transporter (DaT) imaging may be supportive in the initial clinical diagnostic workup in patients with suspected parkinsonian diseases, given that the method has the potential to detect dopaminergic degeneration. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of visual assessment of the initial DaT single‐photon emission CT (DaT‐SPECT) with 123I‐FP‐CIT in a large group of early‐stage parkinsonian patients. After inclusion in a long‐term multidisciplinary population‐based prospective study, a baseline DaT‐SPECT was done in 171 incidental, L‐dopa‐naïve, parkinsonian patients (102 men and 69 women) and 37 healthy controls (19 men and 18 women). The results of the DaT‐SPECTs were linked to criteria‐based clinical diagnoses, which were set after a mean follow‐up of 4.6 (±1.7) years. The outcome of the visual assessment was also compared with that of a semiquantitative evaluation method using regions of interest to measure uptake ratios in the caudate and putamen. We found that visual assessment of DaT‐SPECT in clinically diagnosed incidental Parkinson's disease patients had a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 92%, rendering a positive likelihood ratio of 11.75 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.07. The proportion of false positives was 1.4% and false negatives 4.8% at baseline. These figures were comparable to those of the semiquantitative method. This study demonstrates that visual interpretation of presynaptic dopamine imaging with 123I‐FP‐CIT offers reliable support in the diagnostic procedure of early parkinsonian diseases.
The localized reduced basis multiscale method for two‐phase flows in porous media
Authors: Kaulmann S. , Flemisch B. , Haasdonk B. , Lie K. ‐A. , Ohlberger M. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryIn this work, we propose a novel model order reduction approach for two‐phase flow in porous media by introducing a global pressure formulation in which the total mobility, which realizes the coupling between saturation and pressure, is regarded as a parameter to the pressure equation. In our approach, the mobility itself is an optimal fit of mobility profiles that are precomputed using the time‐of‐flight for the initial saturation. Using this formulation and the localized reduced basis multiscale method, we obtain a low‐dimensional surrogate of the high‐dimensional pressure equation. By applying ideas from model order reduction for parametrized partial differential equations, we are able to split the computational effort for solving the pressure equation into a costly offline step that is performed only once and an inexpensive online step that is carried out in every time step of the two‐phase flow simulation, which is thereby largely accelerated. Usage of elements from numerical multiscale methods allows us to displace the computational intensity between the offline and online steps to reach an ideal runtime at acceptable error increase for the two‐phase flow simulation. This is achieved by constructing reduced‐dimensional local spaces that lead to a non‐conforming global approximation space. As one example for a coupling on the global space, we introduce a discontinuous Galerkin scheme. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐domain hybrid formulations for wave simulations in three‐dimensional PML‐truncated heterogeneous media
Authors: Fathi Arash , Poursartip Babak , Kallivokas Loukas F. 
Published: September 2014

SUMMARYWe are concerned with the numerical simulation of wave motion in arbitrarily heterogeneous, elastic, perfectly‐matched‐layer‐(PML)‐truncated media. We extend in three dimensions a recently developed two‐dimensional formulation, by treating the PML via an unsplit‐field, but mixed‐field, displacement‐stress formulation, which is then coupled to a standard displacement‐only formulation for the interior domain, thus leading to a computationally cost‐efficient hybrid scheme. The hybrid treatment leads to, at most, third‐order in time semi‐discrete forms. The formulation is flexible enough to accommodate the standard PML, as well as the multi‐axial PML.We discuss several time‐marching schemes, which can be used à la carte, depending on the application: (a) an extended Newmark scheme for third‐order in time, either unsymmetric or fully symmetric semi‐discrete forms; (b) a standard implicit Newmark for the second‐order, unsymmetric semi‐discrete forms; and (c) an explicit Runge–Kutta scheme for a first‐order in time unsymmetric system. The latter is well‐suited for large‐scale problems on parallel architectures, while the second‐order treatment is particularly attractive for ready incorporation in existing codes written originally for finite domains.We compare the schemes and report numerical results demonstrating stability and efficacy of the proposed formulations. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.