bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal Ranking Regime Analysis of Intra- to Multidecadal U.S. Climate Variability. Part II: Precipitation and Streamflow*
Authors: Mauget Steven A. , Cordero Eugene C. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In Part I of this paper, the optimal ranking regime (ORR) method was used to identify intradecadal to multidecadal (IMD) regimes in U.S. climate division temperature data during 1896–2012. Here, the method is used to test for annual and seasonal precipitation regimes during that same period. Water-year mean streamflow rankings at 125 U.S. Hydro-Climatic Data Network gauge stations are also evaluated during 1939–2011. The precipitation and streamflow regimes identified are compared with ORR-derived regimes in the Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), and indices derived from gridded SST anomaly (SSTA) analysis data. Using a graphic display approach that allows for the comparison of IMD climate regimes in multiple time series, an interdecadal cycle in western precipitation is apparent after 1980, as is a similar cycle in northwestern streamflow. Before 1980, IMD regimes in northwestern streamflow and annual precipitation are in approximate antiphase with the PDO. One of the clearest IMD climate signals found in this analysis are post-1970 wet regimes in eastern U.S streamflow and annual precipitation, as well as in fall [September–November (SON)] precipitation. Pearson correlations between time series of annual and seasonal precipitation averaged over the eastern United States and SSTA analysis data show relatively extensive positive correlations between warming tropical SSTA and increasing fall precipitation. The possible Pacific and northern Atlantic roots of the recent eastern U.S. wet regime, as well as the general characteristics of U.S. climate variability in recent decades that emerge from this analysis and that of Part I, are discussed.
El Niño Flavors and Their Simulated Impacts on Atmospheric Circulation in the High Southern Latitudes*
Authors: Wilson Aaron B. , Bromwich David H. , Hines Keith M. , Wang Sheng-hung 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Two El Niño flavors have been defined based on whether warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies are located in the central or eastern tropical Pacific (CP or EP). This study further characterizes the impacts on atmospheric circulation in the high latitudes of the Southern Hemisphere associated with these types of El Niño events though a series of numerical simulations using the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Atmosphere Model (CAM). Comparing results with the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim), CAM simulates well the known changes to blocking over Australia and a southward shift in the subtropical jet stream across the eastern Pacific basin during CP events. More importantly for the high southern latitudes, CAM simulates a westward shift in upper-level divergence in the tropical Pacific, which causes the Pacific–South American stationary wave pattern to shift toward the west across the entire South Pacific. These changes to the Rossby wave source region impact the South Pacific convergence zone and jet streams and weaken the high-latitude blocking that is typically present in the Amundsen-Bellingshausen Seas during EP events. Anticyclonic flow becomes established farther west in the south central Pacific, modifying high-latitude heat and momentum fluxes across the South Pacific and South Atlantic associated with the ENSO–Antarctic dipole.
Complicated acute appendicitis? An unusual differential
Authors: Cawich Shamir O , Hassranah Dale , Pooran Suresh , Dan Dilip , Narayansingh Vijay 
Published: September 2014

Acute appendicitis is a common surgical diagnosis but several differential diagnoses exist and should be considered. Internal concealment is one such diagnosis. We present a case of a young man taken to the operating room with a preoperative diagnosis of complicated acute appendicitis. A ruptured caecum was encountered and several free-floating drug pellets were present. Attending doctors should consider this differential in the high prevalence areas and, whenever encountered, they should strongly consider early reporting.
Clinical and electrophysiological characteristics of symmetric polyneuropathy in a cohort of systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Jasmin R , Sockalingam S , Ramanaidu L P , Goh K J 
Published: September 2014

Objective Peripheral neuropathy in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is heterogeneous and its commonest pattern is symmetrical polyneuropathy. The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, clinical and electrophysiological features, disease associations and effects on function and quality of life of polyneuropathy in SLE patients, defined using combined clinical and electrophysiological diagnostic criteria. Methods Consecutive SLE patients seen at the University of Malaya Medical Centre were included. Patients with medication and other disorders known to cause neuropathy were excluded. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were obtained using a pre-defined questionnaire. Function and health-related quality of life was assessed using the modified Rankin scale and the SF-36 scores. Nerve conduction studies (NCS) were carried out in both upper and lower limbs. Polyneuropathy was defined as the presence of bilateral clinical symptoms and/or signs and bilateral abnormal NCS parameters. Results Of 150 patients, 23 (15.3%) had polyneuropathy. SLE-related polyneuropathy was mainly characterized by sensory symptoms of numbness/tingling and pain with mild signs of absent ankle reflexes and reduced pain sensation. Function was minimally affected and there were no differences in quality of life scores. NCS abnormalities suggested mild length-dependent axonal neuropathy, primarily in the distal lower limbs. Compared to those without polyneuropathy, SLE-related polyneuropathy patients were significantly older but had no other significant demographic or disease associations. Conclusions SLE-related polyneuropathy is a chronic, axonal and predominantly sensory neuropathy, associated with older age. Its underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are unknown, although a possibility could be an increased susceptibility of peripheral nerves in SLE patients to effects of aging.
Diagnostic accuracy of fecal immunochemical test in average‐ and familial‐risk colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Cubiella Joaquín , Castro Inés , Hernandez Vicent , González-Mao Carmen , Rivera Concepción , Iglesias Felipe , Alves María Teresa , Cid Lucía , Soto Santiago , De-Castro Luisa , Vega Pablo , Hermo Jose Antonio , Macenlle Ramiro , Martínez Alfonso , Estevez Pamela , Cid Estela , Herreros-Villanueva Marta , Portillo Isabel , Bujanda Luis , Fernández-Seara Javier ,   COLONPREV
Published: September 2014

BackgroundThere is little information about the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in familial‐risk colorectal cancer (CRC) screening.ObjectivesThe objective of this article is to investigate whether FIT diagnostic accuracy for advanced neoplasia (AN) differs between average and familial‐risk (first‐degree relative) patients.MethodsA total of 1317 consecutive participants (595 familial) who collected one stool sample before performing a colonoscopy as a CRC screening test were included. FIT diagnostic accuracy for AN was evaluated with Chi‐square test at a 20 µg hemoglobin/g of feces cut‐off value. Finally, we determined which variables were independently related to AN.ResultsAn AN was found in 151 (11.5%) patients. The overall accuracy was not statistically different between both cohorts for AN (88.4%, 91.7%; p  = 0.051). At the cut‐off stablished, differences in FIT sensitivity (31.1%, 40.6%; p  = 0.2) or specificity (96.5%, 97.3%; p  = 0.1) were not statistically significant. Finally, independent variables such as sex (male) (odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–3.1), age (50–65, >65 years) (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1–4.3; OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–6.1), previous colonoscopy (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.9) and FIT ≥20 µg/g feces (OR 17.7, 95% CI 10.8–29.1) were associated with AN diagnosis.ConclusionsFIT accuracy for AN detection is equivalent in average and familial‐risk CRC screening cohorts.
Recombinant factor VIII products and inhibitor development in previously untreated boys with severe hemophilia A
Authors: Calvez Thierry , Chambost Hervé , Claeyssens-Donadel Ségolène , d’Oiron Roseline , Goulet Véronique , Guillet Benoît , Héritier Virginie , Milien Vanessa , Rothschild Chantal , Roussel-Robert Valérie , Vinciguerra Christine , Goudemand Jenny 
Published: September 2014

Key Points
A currently marketed rFVIII product is associated with a higher risk of inhibitor development in boys with severe hemophilia A. This result, validated by extensive sensitivity analyses, confirms a recently published study and cannot be explained by identified biases.
Overview of emerging nonvolatile memory technologies
Authors: Meena Jagan Singh , Sze Simon Min , Chand Umesh , Tseng Tseung-Yuen 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Nonvolatile memory technologies in Si-based electronics date back to the 1990s. Ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET) was one of the most promising devices replacing the conventional Flash memory facing physical scaling limitations at those times. A variant of charge storage memory referred to as Flash memory is widely used in consumer electronic products such as cell phones and music players while NAND Flash-based solid-state disks (SSDs) are increasingly displacing hard disk drives as the primary storage device in laptops, desktops, and even data centers. The integration limit of Flash memories is approaching, and many new types of memory to replace conventional Flash memories have been proposed. Emerging memory technologies promise new memories to store more data at less cost than the expensive-to-build silicon chips used by popular consumer gadgets including digital cameras, cell phones and portable music players. They are being investigated and lead to the future as potential alternatives to existing memories in future computing systems. Emerging nonvolatile memory technologies such as magnetic random-access memory (MRAM), spin-transfer torque random-access memory (STT-RAM), ferroelectric random-access memory (FeRAM), phase-change memory (PCM), and resistive random-access memory (RRAM) combine the speed of static random-access memory (SRAM), the density of dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), and the nonvolatility of Flash memory and so become very attractive as another possibility for future memory hierarchies. Many other new classes of emerging memory technologies such as transparent and plastic, three-dimensional (3-D), and quantum dot memory technologies have also gained tremendous popularity in recent years. Subsequently, not an exaggeration to say that computer memory could soon earn the ultimate commercial validation for commercial scale-up and production the cheap plastic knockoff. Therefore, this review is devoted to the rapidly developing new class of memory technologies and scaling of scientific procedures based on an investigation of recent progress in advanced Flash memory devices.
Genomic data sharing for translational research and diagnostics
Authors: Robinson Peter N 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTranslational genomics is changing, not only in the technology used but also in the sharing of data. The enormous potential for genomics technologies to improve patient care has been recognized, but it will not be reached unless powerful but secure data-sharing technologies are developed. A recent study demonstrates the power of federated queries, in which sequence variants can be searched simultaneously in files distributed over multiple centers.
Cytokine profiles in the joint depend on pathology, but are different between synovial fluid, cartilage tissue and cultured chondrocytes
Authors: Tsuchida Anika I , Beekhuizen Michiel , `t Hart Marieke C , Radstake Timothy RDJ , Dhert Wouter JA , Saris Daniel BF , van Osch Gerjo JVM , Creemers Laura B 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
This study aimed to evaluate whether profiles of several soluble mediators in synovial fluid and cartilage tissue are pathology-dependent and how their production is related to in vitro tissue formation by chondrocytes from diseased and healthy tissue.

Methods
Samples were obtained from donors without joint pathology (n = 39), with focal defects (n = 65) and osteoarthritis (n = 61). A multiplex bead assay (Luminex) was performed measuring up to 21 cytokines: Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-4, IL-6, IL-6Rα, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, Interferon (IFN)γ, oncostatin M (OSM), leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), adiponectin, leptin, monocyte chemotactic factor (MCP)1, RANTES, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular growth factor (VEGF).

Results
In synovial fluid of patients with cartilage pathology, IL-6, IL-13, IFNγ and OSM levels were higher than in donors without joint pathology (P ≤0.001). IL-13, IFNγ and OSM were also different between donors with cartilage defects and OA (P <0.05). In cartilage tissue from debrided defects, VEGF was higher than in non-pathological or osteoarthritic joints (P ≤0.001). IL-1α, IL-6, TNFα and OSM concentrations (in ng/ml) were markedly higher in cartilage tissue than in synovial fluid (P <0.01). Culture of chondrocytes generally led to a massive induction of most cytokines (P <0.001). Although the release of inflammatory cytokines was also here dependent on the pathological condition (P <0.001) the actual profiles were different from tissue or synovial fluid and between non-expanded and expanded chondrocytes. Cartilage formation was lower by healthy unexpanded chondrocytes than by osteoarthritic or defect chondrocytes.

Conclusions
Several pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic and pro-repair cytokines were elevated in joints with symptomatic cartilage defects and/or osteoarthritis, although different cytokines were elevated in synovial fluid compared to tissue or cells. Hence a clear molecular profile was evident dependent on disease status of the joint, which however changed in composition depending on the biological sample analysed. These alterations did not affect in vitro tissue formation with these chondrocytes, as this was at least as effective or even better compared to healthy chondrocytes.
Statin initiation and treatment non-adherence following a first acute myocardial infarction in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease versus the general population
Authors: Bohensky Megan , Tacey Mark , Brand Caroline , Sundararajan Vijaya , Wicks Ian , Van Doornum Sharon 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
To compare statin initiation and treatment non-adherence following a first acute myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with inflammatory rheumatic disease ( IRD) and the general population.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study using a population-based linked database. Cases of first MI from July 2001 to June 2009 were identified based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10-AM) codes. Statin initiation and adherence was identified based on pharmaceutical claims records. Logistic regression was used to assess the odds of statin initiation by IRD status. Non-adherence was assessed as the time to first treatment gap using a Cox proportional hazards model.

Results
There were 18,518 individuals with an index MI over the time period surviving longer than 30 days, of whom 415 (2.2%) were IRD patients. The adjusted odds of receiving a statin by IRD status was significantly lower (OR =0.69, 95% CI: 0.55 to 0.86) compared to the general population. No association between IRD status and statin non-adherence was identified (hazard ratio (HR) =1.12, 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.52).

Conclusions
Statin initiation was significantly lower for people with IRD conditions compared to the general population. Once initiated on statins, the proportion of IRD patients who adhered to treatment was similar to the general population. Given the burden of cardiovascular disease and excess mortality in IRD patients, encouraging the use of evidence-based therapies is critical for ensuring the best outcomes in this high risk group.
Preconditioning of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by prolyl hydroxylase inhibition enhances cell survival and angiogenesis in vitro and after transplantation into the ischemic heart of rats
Authors: Liu Xian-Bao , Wang Jian-An , Ji Xiao-Ya , Yu Shan Ping , Wei Ling 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Poor cell survival and limited functional benefits have restricted the efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the treatment of myocardial infarction. We showed recently that hypoxia preconditioning of BMSCs and neural progenitor cells before transplantation can enhance the survival and therapeutic properties of these cells in the ischemic brain and heart. The present investigation explores a novel strategy of preconditioning BMSCs using the Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-α) prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) to enhance their survival and therapeutic efficacy after transplantation into infarcted myocardium.

Methods
BMSCs from green fluorescent protein transgenic rats were cultured with or without 1 mM DMOG for 24 hours in complete culture medium before transplantation. Survival and angiogenic factors were evaluated in vitro by trypan blue staining, Western blotting, and tube formation test. In an ischemic heart model of rats, BMSCs with and without DMOG preconditioning were intramyocardially transplanted into the peri-infarct region 30 minutes after permanent myocardial ischemia. Cell death was measured 24 hours after engraftment. Heart function, angiogenesis and infarct size were measured 4 weeks later.

Results
In DMOG preconditioned BMSCs (DMOG-BMSCs), the expression of survival and angiogenic factors including HIF-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, glucose transporter 1 and phospho-Akt were significantly increased. In comparison with control cells, DMOG-BMSCs showed higher viability and enhanced angiogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo assays. Transplantation of DMOG-BMSCs reduced heart infarct size and promoted functional benefits of the cell therapy.

Conclusions
We suggest that DMOG preconditioning enhances the survival capability of BMSCs and paracrine effects with increased differentiation potential. Prolyl hydroxylase inhibition is an effective and feasible strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy and efficiency of BMSC transplantation therapy after heart ischemia.
Cytotoxic Monocarbocyclic Sesterterpenoids from a Marine Sponge Luffariella sp.
Authors: Su Tzu-Rong , Liao Zuo-Jian , Lu Mei-Chin , Wu Yu-Jen , Su Jui-Hsin 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Six new monocarbocyclic sesterterpenoids, luffalides A–F 1–6, together with four known sesterterpenes 7–10, were isolated from a marine sponge Luffariella sp. The structures of compounds 1–6 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analysis (NMR and CD) and comparison of the spectroscopic data with those of known analogues. Among these new metabolites, compounds 1–5 are rarely found in monocarbocyclic sesterterpenoids possessing a 1-isopropenyl-2-methylcyclopentane ring system. Evaluation of the cytotoxicities showed that compound 10 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against HL-60, MOLT-4 and K-562 cell lines, with IC50 values of 0.54, 0.32, and 0.96 µM, respectively. Moreover, compound 9 also showed significant HL-60 and MOLT-4 inhibitory activity, with IC50 values of 1.87 and 1.13 µM.
The Activity of Benzyl and Allyl α-H Sites in p-Cresol-grafted Fluorinated Poly(aryl ether oxadiazole) toward the Bromination Reaction
Authors: Zhao Yang , Li Xue , Wang Shubo , Li Weiwei , Zhang Xuefei , Xie Xiaofeng , Chai Chunpeng , Luo Yunjun , Ramani Vijay K 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The energy barrier for the bromination reaction of the benzyl α-H and allyl α-H sites of p-cresol-grafted fluorinated poly(aryl ether oxadiazole) was obtained using density functional theory calculations. The simulation results indicated that the energy barrier for the bromination reaction at the benzyl α-H site was 80.6 kcal mol−1, while the corresponding value for the allyl α-H site was 88.4 kcal mol−1, indicating that the former site was likely to be selectively brominated. This was confirmed by the bromination of p-cresol-grafted fluorinated poly(aryl ether oxadiazole) followed by 1H NMR characterization. This result suggests that upon derivatizing benzyl α-H sites with a cation group (to yield an anion-exchange membrane), the allyl α-H sites would remain free for subsequent crosslinking. This result has positive implications for the synthesis of robust and crosslinked anion-exchange membranes based on this platform.
An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Pre-Release Movie Piracy on Box Office Revenue
Authors: Ma Liye , Montgomery Alan L. , Singh Param Vir , Smith Michael D. 
Published: September 2014

Digital distribution channels raise many new challenges for managers in the media industry. This is particularly true for movie studios where high-value content can be stolen and released through illegitimate digital channels, even prior to the release of the movie in legal channels. In response to this potential threat, movie studios have spent millions of dollars to protect their content from unauthorized distribution throughout the lifecycle of films. They have focused their efforts on the pre-release period under the assumption that pre-release piracy could be particularly harmful for a movie’s success. However, surprisingly, there has been little rigorous research to analyze whether, and how much, pre-release movie piracy diminishes legitimate sales. In this paper, we analyze this question using data collected from a unique Internet file-sharing site. We find that, on average, pre-release piracy causes a 19.1% decrease in revenue compared to piracy that occurs post-release. Our study contributes to the growing literature on piracy and digital media consumption by presenting evidence of the impact of Internet-based movie piracy on sales and by analyzing pre-release piracy, a setting that is distinct from much of the existing literature.
Der Treibhauseffekt im Spannungsverhältnis der Nord-Süd-Beziehungen
Authors: Bleischwitz Raimund , Etzbach Martina 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Raimund Bleischwitz and Martina Etzbach respond to the question how the global warming foracested by climate research will change the relations between the North and the South. After a description of ecological and socio-economic implication of the potential catastrophy of a global climate change the authors discuss possible instrument of an international climate policy. The considerations focus on institutional problems, especially on possible actors and borlies responsible for a global environmental policy.
Von einer Neuen Weltwirtschaftsordnung zu einer neuen Weltfreihandelsordnung oder mehr Freihandel statt mehr Gerechtigkeit
Authors: Kessler Wolfgang 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Wolfgang Kessler gives a report on the latest developments ofthe GATT negociations. The failure ofthe Uiruguay round in the autumn of 1990 and the irksome attempts at reanimation are depicted as a result of the strategy ofthe industrialized countries to bargain for their interests by demanding an extension oftheir free trade policy on additional parts of the world market. Kessler contrasts this strategy with a model of an ecologically and socially regulated world trade founded on world-wide agreed upon treaties that focus on a sustainable world economy.