bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The spectrum of pericardial tamponade in systemic lupus erythematosus: Report of ten patients
Authors: Kahl Leslie E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective. To describe the range of clinical manifestations and the outcome of pericardial tamponade in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods. Patients with pericarditis and with pericardial tamponade were identified from our computerized database of 395 SLE patients. Medical records were reviewed to establish activity of SLE at the time of tamponade, as well as clinical and laboratory features, treatment, and outcome of the tamponade.Results. Pericarditis occurred in 75 patients (19%), with 11 episodes of tamponade in 10 of them (13%; 2.5% of entire series). Tamponade was the initial manifestation of SLE in 4 patients. Seven episodes occurred during active lupus, with nephritis present in 6. Signs of venous congestion, including ascites and facial or peripheral edema, were the most common manifestation of tamponade. Pericardial fluid was exudative, and pericardial tissue demonstrated a range of findings including fibrinous and fibrotic changes, acute and chronic inflammatory infiltrates, and vascular proliferation. Tamponade was fatal in 1 patient, and 2 patients each had recurrent effusions and pericardial thickening.Conclusion. Pericardial tamponade may occur at any point in the course of SLE, and should be considered in patients with unexplained signs of venous congestion. The differential diagnosis includes active SLE, uremia, and infection. Treatment with high‐dose steroids and either pericardiocentesis or placement of a pericardial window is indicated, but recurrent effusions or pericardial thickening may develop.
The effect of cyclosporin a on early and late stages of experimental lupus
Authors: Blank M. , Ben‐Bassat M. , Shoenfeld Y. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective. To investigate the effect of cyclosporin A (CSA) on the development of lupus in an experimental model.Methods. Lupus was induced in naive mice following injection of a human anti—double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) monoclonal antibody carrying the 16/6 idiotype (Id). CSA was injected into the mice at an early stage of the disease (2 months after immunization) and at a late stage (4 months after immunization).Results. CSA was found to have a suppressive effect on autoantibody production, as well as on the appearance of other disease manifestations, in the mice with lupus. The effects of the drug were more prominent when the mice were treated at an early stage. This was reflected by a dramatic decrease, to normal levels, in autoantibodies to dsDNA, histones, cardiolipin, Sm, RNP, SS‐A/Ro, SS‐B/La, and anti—DNA 16/6 Id. Similar effects on the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count, and urinary protein levels were noted. These data were supported by electron microscopy analysis showing a lack of immunoglobulin deposition in the kidneys of mice in which treatment was started early.Conclusion. This study demonstrates that, similar to findings in other autoimmune conditions (e.g., insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus), administration of CSA at an early stage in systemic lupus erythematosus may be more beneficial than if the drug is given at a later stage.
Cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Anvari Anahit , Graninger Winfried , Schneider Barbara , Sochor Heinz , Weber Heinz , Schmidinger Herwig 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective. To assess the incidence and extent of cardiac involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients with no apparent cardiac symptoms.Methods. Surface electrocardiography, ambulatory electrocardiography, radionuclide ventriculography, myocardial scintigraphy, and echocardiography were performed in 18 patients.Results. These studies demonstrated ventricular tachycardia in 1 patient, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in 5, supraventricular tachycardia in 6, decreased left ventricular ejection fraction in 2, decreased right ventricular ejection fraction in 8, and stress‐induced reversible myocardial perfusion abnormalities in 6.Conclusion. These observations demonstrate a high rate of cardiac abnormalities in SSc patients without cardiac symptoms.
Restricted junctional usage of T cell receptor Vβ2 and Vβ13 genes, which are overrepresented on infiltrating T cells in the lips of patients with sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Yonaha Fumiko , Sumida Takayuki , Maeda Toshiro , Tomioka Hisao , Koike Takao , Yoshida Sho 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective. To analyze the clonality of T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ2—and Vβ13—positive T cells, which are predominantly expressed in the lips of patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS).Methods. The junctional sequences of complementary DNA clones encoding TCR Vβ2 and Vβ13 genes were determined by the polymerase chain reaction. Forty‐one Vβ2 and 45 Vβ13 clones established from the lips of 3 SS patients were sequenced.Results. The Vβ2/Jβ2.3 pair was enriched in 2 of the 3 patients (44% and 46% of the clones, respectively), and the Vβ13/Jβ2.1 sequence was dominant in 2 of the 3 (23% and 45%). These pairs were not used preferentially in peripheral blood lymphocytes from the same patients.Conclusion. Infiltrating Vβ2‐ and Vβ13‐positive T cells from the lips of all 3 patients with SS were polyclonal, but the junctional usage of cells from 2 lip samples was restricted, compared with cells from peripheral blood. This suggests that not all expanded cells from the lips of SS patients are stimulated by superantigens.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody—associated vasculitis presenting as sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Böttinger Erwin P. , Niles John L. , Collins A. Bernard , McCluskey Robert T. , Arnaout M. Amin 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA 63‐year‐old woman, in whom a diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome was initially made, proved to have systemic vasculitis with salivary gland involvement and necrotizing and crescentic glomerulonephritis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) against myeloperoxidase were positive. ANCA‐associated vasculitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome. A positive finding on immunoassay for ANCA against myeloperoxidase or proteinase 3 may help establish the diagnosis.
Heavy and light chain composition of serum IgA and IgA rheumatoid factor in henoch‐schönlein purpura
Authors: Saulsbury Frank T. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective. To characterize the heavy and light chain composition of serum IgA and IgA rheumatoid factor (RF) in 34 children with Henoch‐Schönlein purpura (HSP).Methods. Serum IgA and IgA subclass concentrations were measured by radial immunodiffusion. IgA‐RF and the light chain composition of serum IgA and IgA‐RF were determined by enzyme immunoassay.Results. Serum IgA and IgAl concentrations were higher in HSP patients than controls (P = 0.0001), but there was no difference in IgA2 concentrations between the two groups. IgA‐RF was present in 19 of 34 HSP patients; it was composed predominantly of IgAl. The κ: λ ratio of serum IgA was virtually identical in patients and controls, but the κ: λ ratio of IgA‐RF was significantly higher than that of the serum IgA from the 19 IgA‐RF seropositive patients (P = 0.0003).Conclusion. Serum IgAl is preferentially increased in children with HSP, but the light chain composition of IgA is not different from that in controls. IgA‐RF is common in HSP; it is composed predominantly of IgA1 and it is enriched in κ light chains.
Suppression of renal disease and arthritis, and prolongation of survival in MRL‐lpr mice treated with an extract of tripterygium wilfordii hook F
Authors: Gu Wen‐Zhen , Banerjee Subhashis , Rauch Joyce , Brandwein Sydney R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective. Treatment of MRL‐lpr/lpr mice with Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f (TWHf) to evaluate its effects on mortality, renal disease, and arthritis.Methods. Mice were fed water (group A, control), TWHf (group B), or first water and then TWHf (group C) from age 7 weeks until age 21 weeks.Results. Arthritis and glomerulonephritis were decreased in groups B and C mice, and survival was increased in group B mice.Conclusion. TWHf decreases the mortality rate, and severity of glomerulonephritis and arthritis in MRL‐Ipr/lpr mice.
Premature death with bladder outlet obstruction and hyperprolactinemia in new zealand black × new zealand white mice treated with ethinyl estradiol and 17 beta—estradiol
Authors: Walker Sara E. , McMurray Robert W. , Besch‐Williford Cynthia L. , Keisler Duane H. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractObjective. To determine causes of death, estrogen toxicity, and hyperprolactinemia in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods. Female New Zealand Black × New Zealand White (NZB × NZW) mice were implanted with ethinyl estradiol, 17 beta—estradiol, or empty capsules (controls).Results. Estrogen‐treated mice developed striking hyperprolactinemia and died prematurely with genitourinary complications.Conclusion. Implanted estrogens, including 17 beta—estradiol in a dose reported previously to stimulate SLE, contribute to premature death in NZB × NZW mice, through toxic effects. Estrogen therapy increases the level of prolactin, an immunostimulatory hormone.
Phase Transition Originating from Order–Disorder Transformations of Carboxy Oxygen Atoms Coupled with Dynamic Proton Motions in [PhCH2NH(CH3)2]2C2O4⋅H2C2O4
Authors: Tang Yuanyuan , Ji Chengmin , Sun Zhihua , Zhang Shuquan , Chen Tianliang , Luo Junhua 
Published: June 2014

AbstractA new molecular phase transition material, [PhCH2NH(CH3)2]2C2O4⋅H2C2O4, which undergoes a reversible phase transition at 151.6 K, has been successfully synthesized. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), specific heat capacity, and dielectric measurements confirm its reversible phase transition with a large thermal hysteresis of 15.1 K, demonstrating that the phase transition is typical first order. Variable‐temperature single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analyses reveal that the order–disorder transformations of carboxy oxygen atoms induce the structural phase transition. A slight reorientation of the oxalic acid unit is discovered to accompany the ordering of carboxy oxygen atoms at low temperature. The DSC measurement result of the deuterated analog is different to that of 1, indicating that proton dynamic motions in hydrogen bonds also contribute to the phase transition.
Effects of shear stress pattern and magnitude on mesenchymal transformation and invasion of aortic valve endothelial cells
Authors: Mahler Gretchen J. , Frendl Christopher M. , Cao Qingfeng , Butcher Jonathan T. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the role of mechanical forces on cell behavior is critical for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and disease initiation studies. Current hemodynamic bioreactors are largely limited to 2D substrates or the application of general flow conditions at a tissue level, which eliminates the investigation of some essential physiological and pathological responses. One example is the mesenchymal transformation of endothelial cells in response to shear stress. Endothelial to mesenchymal transformation (EndMT) is a valve morphogenic mechanism associated with aortic valve disease initiation. The aortic valve experiences oscillatory shear on the disease‐susceptible fibrosa, and the role of hemodynamics on adult EndMT is unknown. The goal of this work was to develop and characterize a microfluidic bioreactor that applies physiologically relevant laminar or oscillatory shear stresses to endothelial cells and permits the quantitative analysis of 3D cell–extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. In this study, porcine aortic valve endothelial cells were seeded onto 3D collagen I gels and exposed to different magnitudes of steady or oscillatory shear stress for 48 h. Cells elongated and aligned perpendicular to laminar, but not oscillatory shear. Low steady shear stress (2 dyne/cm2) and oscillatory shear stress upregulated EndMT (ACTA2, Snail, TGFB1) and inflammation (ICAM1, NFKB1) related gene expression, EndMT‐related (αSMA) protein expression, and matrix invasion when compared with static controls or cells exposed to high steady shear (10 and 20 dyne/cm2). Our system enables direct testing of the role of shear stress on endothelial cell mesenchymal transformation in a dynamic, 3D environment and shows that hemodynamics regulate EndMT in adult valve endothelial cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2326–2337. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Industrial Product Design: Materials for the Machinery
Authors: Rähse Wilfried 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe materials for production plants must be chemically resistant under operating conditions for a long period of time. Typical materials are metals, especially stainless steel, superalloys, and nonmetals such as graphite, borosilicate glass, and ceramics, as well as plastics. The product manufacturers prefer highly alloyed stainless steel with ∼17–18 % Cr and 12 % Ni (AISI 304 and 316 grades). The danger of pitting and stress corrosion decreases with increasing amounts of molybdenum. The pharmaceutical and food industries utilize machinery in stainless steel with surfaces in mirror finish to avoid infection with microorganisms in the entire plant. The surface smoothing is performed by mechanical methods or by electropolishing. Besides stainless steel, the chemical industry takes advantage of nonferrous metals, alloys, metallic oxides, and carbides as well as plastics for processing and storage of aggressive substances. These materials are mainly used for linings and coatings. In many cases, they are applied by thermal spraying (sputtering).
Neutral Nickel Ethylene Oligo‐ and Polymerization Catalysts: Towards Computational Catalyst Prediction and Design
Authors: Heyndrickx Wouter , Occhipinti Giovanni , Jensen Vidar R. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDFT calculations have been used to elucidate the chain termination mechanisms for neutral nickel ethylene oligo‐ and polymerization catalysts and to rationalize the kind of oligomers and polymers produced by each catalyst. The catalysts studied are the (κ2‐O,O)‐coordinated (1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoro‐2,4‐acetylacetonato)nickel catalyst I, the (κ2‐P,O)‐coordinated SHOP‐type nickel catalyst II, the (κ2‐N,O)‐coordinated anilinotropone and salicylaldiminato nickel catalysts III and IV, respectively, and the (κ2‐P,N)‐coordinated phosphinosulfonamide nickel catalyst V. Numerous termination pathways involving β‐H elimination and β‐H transfer steps have been investigated, and the most probable routes identified. Despite the complexity and multitude of the possible termination pathways, the information most critical to chain termination is contained in only few transition states. In addition, by consideration of the propagation pathway, we have been able to estimate chain lengths and discriminate between oligo‐ and polymerization catalysts. In agreement with experiment, we found the Gibbs free energy difference between the overall barrier for the most facile propagation and termination pathways to be close to 0 kcal mol−1 for the ethylene oligomerization catalysts I and V, whereas values of at least 7 kcal mol−1 in favor of propagation were determined for the polymerization catalysts III and IV. Because of the shared intermediates between the termination and branching pathways, we have been able to identify the preferred cis/trans regiochemistry of β‐H elimination and show that a pronounced difference in σ donation of the two bridgehead atoms of the bidentate ligand can suppress hydride formation and thus branching. The degree of rationalization obtained here from a handful of key intermediates and transition states is promising for the use of computational methods in the screening and prediction of new catalysts of the title class.
Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Organometallic Gels Based on Ferrocene‐Linked Poly(Aryl Ether) Dendrons: Reversible Redox Switching and Pb2+‐Ion Sensing
Authors: Lakshmi Neelakandan Vidhya , Mandal Dipendu , Ghosh Sundargopal , Prasad Edamana 
Published: June 2014

AbstractWe describe the design, synthesis, and “stimuli‐responsive” study of ferrocene‐linked Fréchet‐type [poly(aryl ether)]‐dendron‐based organometallic gels, in which the ferrocene moiety is attached to the dendron framework through an acyl hydrazone linkage. The low‐molecular‐weight gelators (LMWGs) form robust gels in both polar and non‐polar solvent/solvent mixtures. The organometallic gels undergo stimuli‐responsive behavior through 1) thermal, 2) chemical, and 3) electrochemical methods. Among them, conditions 1 and 3 lead to seamlessly reversible with repeated cycles of identical efficiency. Results indicate that the flexible nature of the poly(aryl ether) dendron framework plays a key role in retaining the reversible electrochemical behavior of ferrocene moiety in the LMWGs. Further, the organometallic gelators have exhibited unique selectivity towards Pb2+ ions (detection limit ≈10−8 M). The metal ion‐sensing results in a gel–sol phase transition associated with a color change visible to the naked eye. Most importantly, decomplexing the metal ion from the system leads to the regeneration of the initial gel morphology, indicating the restoring ability of the organometallic gel. The metal–ligand binding nature has been analyzed by using 1H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and DFT calculations.
Organocatalytic Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Conjugate Addition to Nitroolefins: When β‐Ketoamides Surpass β‐Ketoesters
Authors: Du Haiying , Rodriguez Jean , Bugaut Xavier , Constantieux Thierry 
Published: June 2014

AbstractOur findings on the bifunctional squaramide‐catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of β‐ketoamides to nitroolefins are disclosed. It appears that simple acyclic methylene β‐ketoamides, unlike the extensively studied β‐ketoesters, afford the products in excellent diastereoselectivities, and maintain high yields and enantioselectivities. Moreover, competition and kinetic studies were conducted to rationalize the observed reactivity and selectivity. The high level of diastereocontrol, along with the amenability of the amide group to postfunctionalization, dramatically increase the synthetic usefulness of the transformation.
Design of Leaving Groups in Radical CC Fragmentations: Through‐Bond 2c–3e Interactions in Self‐Terminating Radical Cascades
Authors: Mondal Sayantan , Gold Brian , Mohamed Rana K. , Alabugin Igor V. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRadical cascades terminated by β‐scission of exocyclic CC bonds allow for the formation of aromatic products. Whereas β‐scission is common for weaker bonds, achieving this reactivity for carbon–carbon bonds requires careful design of radical leaving groups. It has now been found that the energetic penalty for breaking a strong σ‐bond can be compensated by the gain of aromaticity in the product and by the stabilizing two‐center, three‐electron “half‐bond” present in the radical fragment. Furthermore, through‐bond communication of a radical and a lone pair accelerates the fragmentation by selectively stabilizing the transition state. The stereoelectronic design of radical leaving groups leads to a new, convenient route to Sn‐functionalized aromatics.
Design of a Combinational Magnesium Catalyst for the Stereocontrolled Cross Reaction of Enones
Authors: Yang Dongxu , Wang Linqing , Han Fengxia , Zhao Depeng , Wang Rui 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe first stereocontrolled cross reaction of enones has been realized. A novel combinational magnesium catalyst was designed to address the enantioselectivity problem between reaction partners with an intermolecular symmetric structure and bearing identical functional groups. This new catalytic strategy was proven to be effective to introduce high levels of enantioselectivity in the cross reaction of enones.
Mechanistic Insight into the Electronic Influences Imposed by Substituent Variation in Polyazine‐Bridged Ruthenium(II)/Rhodium(III) Supramolecules
Authors: White Travis A. , Mallalieu Hannah E. , Wang Jing , Brewer Karen J. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue are researchers from the Department of Chemistry at Virginia Tech featuring work on electrochemical properties of photochemical molecular devices for solar hydrogen production. The image highlights the complexity of the redox chemistry of the studied supramolecules, detailing speciation following reduction. Mr. Skye King assisted in the development of the molecular models for the cover. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201402564.
Silavinylidene Stabilized by an N‐Heterocyclic Carbene: A Theoretically Predicted Stable Molecule
Authors: Xu Jing , Ding Yi‐Hong , Andrada Diego M. , Frenking Gernot 
Published: June 2014

AbstractQuantum chemical calculations show that the N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐stabilized silavinylidene, NHCtBu→CSiR2 is a strongly bonded complex, which has a linear arrangement of the donor and acceptor moieties. The molecule is the energetically lowest lying isomer of the NHC‐stabilized R2CSi isomers and it is stable towards dimerization when R is a bulky substituent. The silavinylidene complex is the only species of the silylidene homologues NHCtBu→EE′R2 (E, E′=C–Pb) which possesses a linear arrangement. The unusual bonding situation is explained in terms of donor–acceptor interactions between NHCtBu as σ donor and CSiR2 in the doubly excited singlet state 3a1⇒2b2 which leads to a significantly shorter CSiR2 bond compared with free CSiR2.
Intrinsic Chirality and Prochirality at Air/R‐(+)‐ and S‐(–)‐Limonene Interfaces: Spectral Signatures With Interference Chiral Sum‐Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: Fu Li , Zhang Yun , Wei Zhe‐Hao , Wang Hong‐Fei 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTWe report in this work detailed measurements of the chiral and achiral sum‐frequency vibrational spectra in the C‐H stretching vibration region (2800–3050 cm‐1) of the air/liquid interfaces of R‐(+)‐limonene and S‐(−)‐limonene, using the recently developed high‐resolution broadband sum‐frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (HR‐BB‐SFG‐VS). The achiral SFG spectra of R‐limonene and S‐limonene, as well as the RS racemic mixture (50/50 equal amount mixture), show that the corresponding molecular groups of the R and S enantiomers are with the same interfacial orientations. The interference chiral SFG spectra of the limonene enantiomers exhibit a spectral signature from the chiral response of the Cα‐H stretching mode, and a spectral signature from the prochiral response of the CH2 asymmetric stretching mode, respectively. The chiral spectral feature of the Cα‐H stretching mode changes sign from R‐(+)‐limonene to S‐(–)‐limonene surfaces, and disappears for the RS racemic mixture surface. While the prochiral spectral feature of the CH2 asymmetric stretching mode is the same for R‐(+)‐limonene and S‐(–)‐limonene surfaces, and also surprisingly remains the same for the RS racemic mixture surface. Therefore, the structures of the R‐(+)‐limonene and the S‐(–)‐limonene at the liquid interfaces are nevertheless not mirror images to each other, even though the corresponding groups have the same tilt angle from the interfacial normal, i.e., the R‐(+)‐limonene and the S‐(–)‐limonene at the surface are diastereomeric instead of enantiomeric. These results provide detailed information in understanding the structure and chirality of molecular interfaces and demonstrate the sensitivity and potential of SFG‐VS as a unique spectroscopic tool for chirality characterization and chiral recognition at the molecular interface. Chirality 26:509–520, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.