bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil Moisture Dominates the Land Surface Feedback in the Development of Compound Drought–Heat Extremes in Tropical South America
Authors: Jiang Yelin , Wang Guiling 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Observational evidence has demonstrated that heat extremes consistently coincide with droughts in tropical South America. However, the underlying causes and associated physical mechanisms remain relatively unexplored. In this study, we employ numerical experiments using Community Earth System Model, version 2 (CESM2), with prescribed oceanic forcing to assess how extreme soil temperature and moisture affect subsequent hydrometeorological conditions during the premonsoon season in tropical South America, a season when land can play an important role in regional climate. The results reveal a different diurnal pattern in the strength of the surface air temperature response, with a stronger response at night to soil temperature anomalies and a stronger response at noon to soil moisture anomalies. Elevated initial soil temperature or reduced initial soil moisture tends to yield warmer and drier hydrometeorological conditions and increase the occurrence of both drought and heat extremes, with stronger and longer-lasting responses to soil moisture anomalies (than soil temperature anomalies). The simulated responses to initial soil moisture anomalies alone closely resemble those in the experiment with combined soil temperature and moisture anomalies. These findings underscore the dominant role of soil moisture feedback in shaping compound drought–heat extremes, in regions where evaporation plays a significant role, highlighting its importance in the modeling and prediction of hydrometeorological extremes.
Situational Awareness and Safety: Using Weather Information to Inform Decision-Making in Antarctic Environments
Authors: Heinrich Victoria J. , Norris Kimberley 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
To avoid hazards, manage risks, and successfully conduct their outdoor activities, people in Antarctica make weather-related decisions every day. Research on Antarctic weather information use and related decision-making, services, and user needs is limited. In a mixed-methods study, we explored how people use weather information to manage activities and weather in Antarctic regions. Survey (n = 62) and interview (n = 35) participants were deployed with the national Antarctic programs and tourism operators across a range of roles, activities, and locations. How and when weather information was used depended on people’s decision contexts, location, activities, previous experience, and knowledge. Experienced participants used weather information, their experience, and local knowledge to form and maintain their situation awareness. Situation awareness influenced participant’s decision-making, risk assessment, and planning processes and enabled people’s adaptation to changing circumstances, hazards, and weather conditions. As a part of these processes, forecasts were used primarily for preactivity planning and scheduling decisions. Tasks were prioritized and planned based on suitable weather conditions, experience, and safety. During activities, real-time weather data, personal observations, and experience were important for updating situation awareness, risk judgments, decision-making, and maintaining safety. Levels of weather service provision and training varied and were often not fit-for-purpose, which may adversely impact people’s safety in Antarctic regions. Results contribute to our understanding of polar weather user needs and how we may support people to develop the experience, knowledge, and nontechnical skills necessary for identifying and avoiding hazards and safe, efficient, and successful outdoor activities.

Significance Statement
This study examines weather information use and decision-making processes in Antarctica. Weather information informed people’s situation awareness and along with contingency planning, experience, and local knowledge helped people plan their activities, assess risk, and cope with unexpected situations. People—including colleagues, supervisors, and forecasters from local weather services—were important information sources and a part of people decision-making and advice networks. Training and tailored weather services are needed to help people better understand weather information and make safer decisions. Improved training may help people develop essential nontechnical skills like situation awareness and managing weather hazards and activity risks. Findings may inform service provision, training, and education and support wellbeing, preparedness, and more effective weather-hazard decision-making in Antarctica and globally.
Is Mistrust in Early Adolescence Referent-specific? Looking at the Validity of Different Mistrust Referents in Sixth Graders
Authors: Mo Jiajun , Roorda Debora L. , van der Ark L. Andries , Orobio de Castro Bram 
Published: August 2024

This study examined whether social mistrust in early adolescence was general or referent-specific. We used a multi-trait multi-method approach to examine the validity of mistrust measures across social referents (mistrust toward people in general, toward peers, and toward teachers), using questionnaires and an online task. Sixth graders ( N = 1243, ca. 11–13 years) in southern China reported about mistrust (i.e., general, teacher and peer), their social anxiety and aggression. Part of the students ( N = 262) played an online trust game against a virtual, unfamiliar peer. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that mistrust was distinguishable across referents. All referents of mistrust were significantly associated with social anxiety and aggression, whereas only peer mistrust was associated with peer-trust behavior in the online game. As such, our findings may underscore the referent-specificity of mistrust in early adolescence. Insights for promoting healthy school adjustment were discussed.
Analytical, computational, and experimental investigations on the impact of side outlet on the simple expansion chamber with axial outlet
Authors: Vishwakarma Sandeep Kumar , Pawar Suryappa Jayappa 
Published: August 2024

In this study, an investigation on the acoustic performance of a simple expansion chamber muffler with side outlet has been presented. The investigation for the muffler is done in the 10–2400 Hz frequency range. The muffler is analyzed analytically, computationally, and experimentally. The computational and analytical modellings of the muffler have been done by using the finite element and transfer matrix methods, respectively for the determination of transmission loss. As the transfer matrix method is unable to capture the higher order modes above the cut-off frequency of the muffler, the finite element method has been adopted as the computational method. Additionally, the accuracy in the analytical and computational modelling of the muffler is checked with the experimental investigation. The two-load method is used in this study for muffler to determine the transmission loss and band power. The side outlet of the muffler introduces an extra impedance due to the shunt element and hence the effectiveness of the muffler can be improved. This muffler shows an overall improvement of 24.73 dB in the transmission loss when compared with the transmission loss of the simple expansion chamber muffler with an axial outlet in 10–2400 Hz frequency range. Specifically, the simple expansion chamber muffler with side outlet is more effective than the simple expansion chamber muffler with an axial outlet in 350–680 Hz, 1040–1350 Hz, 1570–1590 Hz, and 1850–2400 Hz frequency ranges. The comparison among the different techniques shows a fair agreement in the results. The transmission loss, variation of the band power in the 1/3rd octave band, and sound pressure level contours for the muffler at the selected frequencies have been presented. This study offers an advantage in the design of the automotive mufflers.
Emerging Patterns of Foot and Ankle Injuries in Pickleball Players: A Short Report
Authors: Kingston Kiera , Parker Emily B. , Higgins Alexander , Smith Jeremy T. 
Published: August 2024

Background: Pickleball’s surging popularity has driven an increase in injuries presenting to medical providers. This study seeks to describe the epidemiology of pickleball foot and ankle injuries including patient demographics, diagnoses, and mechanism of injury. Methods: A retrospective review from our institutional database identified patients treated in the foot and ankle clinic whose medical records included the search terms “pickleball” and “pickle ball.” Only injuries sustained while playing pickleball were included. Patient demographics, diagnosis, mechanism of injury, and treatment were collected. Injury incidence and descriptive analyses were calculated. Results: A total of 198 patients with pickleball foot and ankle injuries were identified. The incidence of injuries increased 6.5-fold from 2019 to 2023. The mean age of patients was 58.3 years (SD = 12.2). Most patients were male (58.6%) and reported a traumatic injury (77.8%). The most common diagnosis was Achilles tendon rupture (39.4%). The most common mechanisms of injury were running or lunging forward (30.9%), planting the foot (16.5%), and inverting the foot and ankle (15.5%). Most injuries were treated nonoperatively (71.2%); however, 62.8% of Achilles tendon ruptures were treated surgically. Conclusion: The incidence of pickleball foot and ankle injuries increased dramatically from 2015 to 2023. Injuries occurred more frequently in older, male patients, with Achilles tendon rupture being the most common diagnosis.
Retrograde open mesenteric stenting and outcomes for acute mesenteric ischemia
Authors: Camazine Maraya , Schesselman Chase , Zachary Iris , Bath Jonathan , Vogel Todd R 
Published: August 2024

Objectives Data regarding retrograde open mesenteric stenting (ROMS) for urgent mesenteric ischemia is limited to small single center and case series, with variable utilization across patient populations and ill-defined outcomes. We aimed to evaluate characteristics and outcomes of patients with acute mesenteric ischemia requiring urgent surgical intervention. Methods Retrospective cohort study of patients with mesenteric ischemia requiring urgent surgical intervention from 2018 to 2020 was queried from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Study groups were defined as those requiring an open bypass (BYPASS), an open superior mesenteric artery embolectomy (OPEN), or ROMS. Descriptive statistics were used to report variables. Comparisons were mad using t test, chi-squares tests, and multivariate regression reported as odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) where appropriate. Results 898 patients with mesenteric ischemia requiring urgent surgical intervention were included: Bypass: 284, OPEN: 363, ROMS: 251. There was no difference in gender or race between groups. Patients requiring ROMS were more likely to be older 70.2 + 11.3versus Bypass 66.81 + 11.6 and OPEN 67.17 + 14.5, p = 0.0035. ROMS patients had the highest Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) 2.9 versus 2.5 Bypass and 2.6 OPEN, p = 0.0292 with the most frequent comorbidities: Diabetes 37% ( p = 0.01), renal disease 24.3% ( p = 0.5), and previous preoperative myocardial infarction 9.2%, p = 0.05; however, the lowest mortality rate was seen within this Group 15.9% versus bypass 19.7%, OPEN 34.5%, p < 0.0001. Patients requiring bypass were more likely to have chronic pulmonary disease 34.5% versus OPEN 24.2% and ROMS 31.5%, p = 0.013, peripheral vascular disease (PVD) 38% versus OPEN 16%, and ROMS 29.9%, p < 0.0001. On multivariate regression, ROMS was associated with 50% decreased incidence of mortality (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.27–0.75). Open SMA embolectomy was associated with nearly 2x mortality rate compared to bypass procedures OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.3–3.0, p < 0.001. Previous MI was also associated with nearly 2x incidence of mortality (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.01–3.6), while pre-existing PVD conferred a protective effect (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.36–0.89). Higher CCI and age were associated with slightly increased risk for mortality OR 1.2 and 1.03, p < 0.05 for both. Conclusions In patients with acute mesenteric ischemia, ROMS demonstrated a significant mortality benefit compared to traditional open procedures. Advanced age, history of MI, and open SMA embolectomy were associated with increased mortality. Little data exists regarding ROMS in a real-world population evaluating ROMS, which is a newer technique. These data suggest that ROMS may be a superior alternative to restore mesenteric flow in the acute setting and further prospective studies evaluating ROMS to other procedural types in urgent and elective settings are needed.
Comprehensive analysis of nationwide anticancer drug-related complications in Korea: incidence, types, and cancer-specific considerations in contemporary oncology
Authors: Jeong Jonghyun , Park Soyoung , Heo Kyu-Nam , Park Soh Mee , Min Sangil , Ah Young-Mi , Han Ji Min , Lee Ju-Yeun 
Published: August 2024

Background: The rising global incidence of cancer has increased the demand for chemotherapy, which is a crucial treatment modality. Recent advancements in cancer treatment, including targeted agents and immunotherapy, have introduced complications owing to their specific mechanisms. However, comprehensive studies of the combined complications of these approaches are lacking. Objectives: This study aimed to comprehensively assess and analyze the overall incidence of anticancer drug-related complications in a nationwide patient cohort, utilizing a customized National Health Insurance Sharing Service database in Korea. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: We included patients who were prescribed anticancer drugs (excluding endocrine agents) and diagnosed with cancer. For the type of cancer classification, the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) was used and anticancer drugs were classified based on the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code. We classified cancer into 18 types based on the ICD-10 code and delineated cancer-related complications into 12 categories. Complications included hematological, gastrointestinal, infectious, cardiovascular, major bleeding, endocrine, neurotoxic, nephrotoxic, dermatological, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, and hepatotoxic effects. Result: We included 294,544 patients diagnosed with cancer and administered anticancer drugs between 2016 and 2018, with follow-up continuing until 2021. We identified 486,929 anticancer drug-related complications, with an incidence of 1843.6 per 1000 person-years (PY). Anemia was the most common complication, with a rate of 763.7 per 1000 PY, followed by febrile neutropenia (295.7) and nausea/vomiting (246.9). Several complications peaked during the first months following the initiation of anticancer drug therapy; however, herpes, skin infection, heart failure, and peripheral neuropathy peaked at 6–12 months. Among major cancers, breast cancer had the lowest overall incidence of complications. Targeted therapies revealed lower complication rates than cytotoxic chemotherapy; however, they also required careful monitoring of rash. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of the proactive management of anticancer drug-related complications for patient care improvement.
Exit, or Voice? A Quantitative Investigation of Out Migration Intentionality From Venezuela
Authors: Rodrigues Margarida Soares , Gonzalez Raul , Aldrich Daniel P. 
Published: August 2024

Executive Summary Why some residents around the world facing chronic and acute stressors seek to exit their home communities while others do not, remains an unanswered question. People living in Venezuela face poverty, inflation, and food shortages and hold strong reasons to seek life elsewhere. Using a new survey of 100 residents in two communities in Venezuela — Santa Rita and Maracaibo — we qualitatively and quantitatively capture the intention to leave a failing state along a variety of potential explanatory characteristics at the individual and environmental levels. Testing the relationship with several sets of factors, including social capital, access to critical infrastructure, and anxiety about the political and economic environment, we find that optimism and access to electricity strongly correlate with intention to depart. Venezuelans who hold positive views of the future and have more regular access to electricity indicate less desire to emigrate, while individual and communal resources like social capital and individual resources like access to US dollars have no measurable impact. These findings bring with them important policy recommendations for NGOs and policymakers alike. Policies that promote optimism and psychological well-being within communities may indirectly contribute to reducing emigration intentions. Moreover, policymakers should be aware of the limits of bonding ties in helping communities experiencing multidimensional shocks. Our findings also point to the limited effectiveness of external resources in fostering a desire to stay and improve local conditions, and instead reinforce the importance of critical conditions at home.
Anatomical Description of the Spring Ligament Articular Facet
Authors: Sawah Amjad , Kasture Sarang , Bond Alastair , Fisher Lauren , Fisher Andrew , Philpott Matthew , Mason Lyndon , Molloy Andy 
Published: August 2024

Background: The spring ligament fibrocartilaginous complex (SLFC), which is essential for stabilizing the medial longitudinal arch, features a little-explored fibrocartilaginous facet within its superomedial aspect, articulating with the talar head. This research aimed to provide a detailed anatomical description of this facet, designated as the spring ligament articular facet (SLAF). Methods: Nine normally aligned cadaveric lower limbs were dissected, approaching the SLFC from a superior direction. Following talus disarticulation, high-resolution images of the ligament complex were captured and analyzed. ImageJ software was used to determine the areas and dimensions of the superomedial calcaneonavicular (SMCN) spring and SLAF. Results: The fibrocartilage facet exhibited a trapezoid shape in all specimens. The mean area for SMCN spring was 280.39 mm², and for SLAF, it was 200 mm². The proximal-to-distal length for SLAF averaged 11.78 mm at its longest and 5.34 mm at its shortest. Attachment of the SLAF to the calcaneum and the navicular showed robust fibrous structures, with average measurements of 3.75 and 1.75 mm at the medial and lateral calcaneal margins, and 2.75 and 2.98 mm at the medial and lateral navicular margins, respectively. Conclusion: This study clearly delineated the individual structural components of the SLFC articulating with the talar head and detailed its dimensions, emphasizing the need for more specific anatomical terminology that respects the intricate anatomy of the SLFC. Level of Evidence: Level III, descriptive study.
NAVIGATING DIGITAL TURBULENCE
Authors: Day George S. , Paul J. H. Schoemaker 
Published: August 2024

When navigating the uncertainties of digital technologies, vigilant firms gain an edge by paying close attention to what is happening on their periphery and fostering organizational agility, so they are ready to act when the time is right. George Day and Paul Schoemaker examine three key principles that underpin organizational vigilance and show how Adobe’s leaders used them to great effect.1
Antimetabolite dose intensity and adverse outcomes in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a COG-AALL03N1 report
Authors: Wadhwa Aman , Chen Yanjun , Hageman Lindsey , Angiolillo Anne , Dickens David S. , Neglia Joseph P. , Ravindranath Yaddanapudi , Termuhlen Amanda , Wong F. Lennie , Landier Wendy , Bhatia Smita 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The association between antimetabolite dose intensity (DI) and adverse events among children receiving maintenance therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remains unclear, especially in the context of antimetabolite adherence. Using Children’s Oncology Group AALL03N1 data, we examined the association between high DI during the first 4 study months and (i) treatment-related toxicities during the subsequent 2 study months; and (ii) relapse risk. Patients were classified into a high DI phenotype (either 6-mercaptopurine [6-MP] or methotrexate [MTX] DI ≥110% during the first 4 study months, or 6-MPDI or MTXDI 100%-110% at study enrollment and ≥25% increase over the 4 study months) and normal DI phenotype (all others). Only patients with wild-type TPMT and NUDT15 were included. 6-MP adherence data were available for 63.7% of study participants and used to stratify as adherent (median adherence ≥85%) and nonadherent (median adherence &lt;85%) participants. Multivariable analyses were adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical prognosticators. Of the 644 patients, 29.3% were exposed to high DI. High DI was associated with a 2.1-fold greater odds of hematologic toxicity (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4-3.1; reference: normal DI) in the entire cohort and 2.9-fold higher among adherers (95% CI = 1.6-5.1); odds were comparable among nonadherers (2.1-fold; 95% CI = 0.4-10.1). Although high DI was not associated with relapse in the entire cohort (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.4; 95% CI = 0.8-2.4), it was associated with a greater hazard of relapse among adherent participants (aHR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.0-5.5) but not among nonadherent participants (aHR = 0.9; 95% CI = 0.2-3.8). Dose escalation above protocol doses during maintenance therapy for ALL should be done cautiously after assessing adherence to prescribed therapy.
Emapalumab therapy for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis before reduced-intensity transplantation improves chimerism
Authors: Verkamp Bethany , Jodele Sonata , Sabulski Anthony , Marsh Rebecca , Kieser Pearce , Jordan Michael B. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a hyperinflammatory disorder driven by interferon gamma (IFN-γ). Emapalumab, an anti–IFN-γ antibody, is approved for the treatment of patients with primary HLH. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is required for curing HLH. Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) HSCT is associated with improved survival but higher incidences of mixed chimerism and secondary graft failure. To understand the potential impact of emapalumab on post-HSCT outcomes, we conducted a retrospective study of pediatric patients with HLH receiving a first RIC-HSCT at our institution between 2014 and 2022 after treatment for HLH, with or without this agent. Mixed chimerism was defined as &lt;95% donor chimerism and severe mixed chimerism as &lt;25% donor chimerism. Intervention-free survival (IFS) included donor lymphocyte infusion, infusion of donor CD34-selected cells, second HSCT, or death within 5 years after HSCT. Fifty patients met the inclusion criteria; 22 received emapalumab within 21 days before the conditioning regimen, and 28 did not. The use of emapalumab was associated with a markedly lower incidence of mixed chimerism (48% vs 77%; P = .03) and severe mixed chimerism (5% vs 38%; P &lt; .01). IFS was significantly higher in patients receiving emapalumab (73% vs 43%; P = .03). Improved IFS was even more striking in infants aged &lt;12 months, a group at the highest risk for mixed chimerism (75% vs 20%; P &lt; .01). Although overall survival was higher with emapalumab, this difference was not significant (82% vs 71%; P = .39). We show that the use of emapalumab for HLH before HSCT mitigates the risk of mixed chimerism and graft failure after RIC-HSCT.