bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
miR-194 as a Predictor for Adenoma Recurrence in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Adenoma after Polypectomy
Authors: Wang Zhen-Hua , Ren Lin-Lin , Zheng Ping , Zheng Hai-Ming , Yu Ya-Nan , Wang Ji-Lin , Lin Yan-Wei , Chen Ying-Xuan , Ge Zhi-Zheng , Chen Xiao-Yu , Hong Jie , Fang Jing-Yuan 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
microRNAs (miRNA) are promising predictors in colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated whether miRNAs could predict adenoma recurrence in patients with advanced colorectal adenoma (ACRA) after polypectomy. miRNA expression profiling was performed by miRNA microarray to identify recurrence-related miRNAs. Candidate miRNAs extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks of patients with ACRA were measured using real-time PCR. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate whether validated miRNA expression profiles were independent from other known adenoma recurrence risk factors. The prognostic values of six miRNAs and three independent risk factors were assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The expressions of six candidate miRNAs were significantly decreased from levels in normal colorectal tissue compared with ARCA with adenoma recurrence (RACRA) in this retrospective cohort. However, only miRNA (miR)-194 emerged as a practical predictor. The sensitivity and specificity of miR-194 as a predictor were 71.0% and 78.0%, respectively, at a cutoff value of 0.1311 in the retrospective cohort. Sensitivity and specificity were 76.1% and 77.2%, respectively, in the prospective cohort using the same cutoff value. Low expression levels of miR-194, adenoma size ≥2 cm, and ≥3 adenomas were independent risk factors for adenoma recurrence. Moreover, low expression of miR-194 was a better predictor of adenoma recurrence than the adenoma size and numbers according to ROC curve analysis. miR-194 may be an independent predictor for adenoma recurrence in patients with ACRA after polypectomy. Cancer Prev Res; 7(6); 607–16. ©2014 AACR.
Cerebral Perfusion and Blood Pressure Do Not Affect Perihematoma Edema Growth in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: McCourt Rebecca , Gould Bronwen , Gioia Laura , Kate Mahesh , Coutts Shelagh B. , Dowlatshahi Dariush , Asdaghi Negar , Jeerakathil Thomas , Hill Michael D. , Demchuk Andrew M. , Buck Brian , Emery Derek , Butcher Kenneth 
Published: April 2014

Background and Purpose—
The pathogenesis of perihematoma edema in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unknown but has been hypothesized to be ischemic. In the ICH Acutely Decreasing Arterial Pressure Trial (ICH ADAPT), perihematoma cerebral blood flow (CBF) was reduced but was unaffected by blood pressure (BP) reduction. Using ICH ADAPT data, we tested the hypotheses that edema growth is associated with reduced CBF and lower systolic BP.

Methods—
Noncontrast computed tomographic scans in patients with ICH were obtained at baseline, 2 hours, and 24 hours after randomization to target systolic BPs of <150 or <180 mm Hg. Computed tomography perfusion imaging was performed at 2 hours, and mean relative CBF was calculated in visibly edematous perihematoma tissue. Edema volumes were measured using a Hounsfield unit threshold of 5 to 23 at each time-point.

Results—

Patients were randomized at a median (interquartile range) of 7.4 (12.8) hours after onset. Treatment groups (n=34, <150 and n=33, <180 target) were balanced with respect to baseline systolic BP and acute ICH volume. Relative edema growth at 24 hours in the <150 group (0.11±0.19) was similar to that in the <180 group (0.09±0.16 mL;
P
=0.727). Absolute CBF was lower in the edematous region (35.67±13.1 mL/100 g per minute) when compared with that in the contralateral tissue (43.7±11.7 mL/100 g per minute;
P
<0.0001). Linear regression indicated that neither systolic BP change (β=–0.022; 95% confidence interval, –0.002 to 0.001) nor perihematoma relative CBF (β=–0.144; 95% confidence interval, –0.647 to 0.167) predicted edema growth.

Conclusions—
Lower perihematoma CBF and BP treatment do not exacerbate edema growth. These data do not support a cytotoxic edema pathogenesis.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00963976.
Early Intensive Versus Minimally Invasive Approach to Postoperative Hemodynamic Management After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Mutoh Tatsushi , Kazumata Ken , Terasaka Shunsuke , Taki Yasuyuki , Suzuki Akifumi , Ishikawa Tatsuya 
Published: April 2014

Background and Purpose—
The results of previous studies suggest that early goal-directed fluid therapy (EGDT) reduces delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, but the effects of EGDT on clinical outcomes are still unclear. This study aimed to determine whether EGDT improves outcomes compared with standard less-invasive hemodynamic therapy.

Methods—
This study included 160 patients treated within 24 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage, randomized to receive either (1) EGDT guided by preload volume and cardiac output monitored by transpulmonary thermodilution (treatment group) or (2) standard therapy guided by fluid balance or central venous pressure, assisted by uncalibrated less-invasive cardiac output monitoring during hyperdynamic therapy in patients with clinical or radiological indications of DCI (control group). DCI determined by clinical or radiological findings and functional outcome determined by the modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months were compared between groups.

Results—

For all clinical grades combined, there were no significant differences in the rates of DCI (33% versus 42%;
P
=0.33) or modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 3 at 3 months (67% versus 57%;
P
=0.22) between the 2 groups. For patients with poor clinical grade, those who received EGDT had a significantly lower rate of DCI (5% versus 14%;
P
=0.036), modified Rankin Scale score of 0 to 3 at 3 months (52% versus 36%;
P
=0.026), and shorter length of intensive care unit stay (14 versus 17 days;
P
=0.043) than those who received standard therapy.

Conclusions—
EGDT is beneficial for reducing DCI and improving postoperative functional outcome in patients with poor clinical grade.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: UMIN000007509.
Usual Approximations to the Equations of Atmospheric Motion: A Variational Perspective
Authors: Tort Marine , Dubos Thomas 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The usual geophysical approximations are reframed within a variational framework. Starting from the Lagrangian of the fully compressible Euler equations expressed in a general curvilinear coordinates system, Hamilton’s principle of least action yields Euler–Lagrange equations of motion. Instead of directly making approximations in these equations, the approach followed is that of Hamilton’s principle asymptotics; that is, all approximations are performed in the Lagrangian. Using a coordinate system where the geopotential is the third coordinate, diverse approximations are considered. The assumptions and approximations covered are 1) particular shapes of the geopotential; 2) shallowness of the atmosphere, which allows for the approximation of the relative and planetary kinetic energy; 3) small vertical velocities, implying quasi-hydrostatic systems; and 4) pseudoincompressibility, enforced by introducing a Lagangian multiplier.
This variational approach greatly facilitates the derivation of the equations and systematically ensures their dynamical consistency. Indeed, the symmetry properties of the approximated Lagrangian imply the conservation of energy, potential vorticity, and momentum. Justification of the equations then relies, as usual, on a proper order-of-magnitude analysis. As an illustrative example, the asymptotic consistency of recently introduced shallow-atmosphere equations with a complete Coriolis force is discussed, suggesting additional corrections to the pressure gradient and gravity.
The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclone Edisoana (1990)
Authors: Griffin Kyle S. , Bosart Lance F. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Documentation of southwest Indian Ocean (SWIO) tropical cyclones (TCs) and extratropical transition (ET) events is sparse in the refereed literature. The authors present a climatology of SWIO TC and ET events for 1989–2013. The SWIO averages ~9 tropical cyclones (TCs) per year in this modern era. Of these TCs, ~44% undergo extratropical transition (ET), or ~four per year. A case study of TC Edisoana (1990), the most rapidly intensifying SWIO post-ET TC between 1989 and 2013, shows that extratropical interactions began when an approaching trough embedded in the subtropical jet stream (STJ) induced ET on 7 March. As Edisoana underwent ET, a subtropical ridge downstream amplified in response to poleward-directed positive potential vorticity (PV) advection associated with diabatically (convectively) driven upper-level outflow from TC Edisoana. This amplifying lower-latitude ridge phased with a lower-amplitude higher-latitude ridge embedded in the polar front jet (PFJ), resulting in the merger of the two jets. This ridge phasing and jet merger, combined with the approach of an upstream trough embedded in the PFJ, resulted in a decrease in the half-wavelength between the approaching trough and the downstream phased ridges and provided extratropical cyclone Edisoana with a prime environment for rapid reintensification (RI). Poleward-directed positive PV advection into the phased ridge strengthened the upper-level jet downstream of Edisoana, which provided the primary baroclinic forcing throughout the RI phase. A backward trajectory analysis suggests that strong diabatic heating enhanced favorable synoptic-scale forcing for ascent from the upstream and downstream jet streaks and played a crucial role in the deepening of Edisoana through the ET and RI periods.
Laryngeal Papillomatosis Associated Dysplasia in the Adult Population
Authors: Davids Taryn , Muller Susan , Wise Justin C. , Johns Michael M. , Klein Adam 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: The objectives were to determine the prevalence of laryngeal dysplasia and associated human papilloma virus (HPV) subtypes in adult patients, 18 years or older, suffering from laryngeal papillomatosis at a tertiary care institution. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Patients with biopsy proven laryngeal papillomatosis were identified via chart review. All available pathology specimens were reviewed by a dedicated head and neck pathologist to confirm/refute the diagnosis of laryngeal dysplasia, and grade the level of dysplasia. Interrater agreement was compared using cross-tabulation methods. Specimens identified to be positive for dysplasia underwent further testing via in situ hybridization for low-risk (6/11) or high-risk (16/18) HPV subtypes. Results: Of the 85 subjects identified to have laryngeal papillomatosis, 24(28%) demonstrated laryngeal dysplasia. There was good interrater agreement on the presence of dysplasia; however, there was only fair agreement on the grade of dysplasia. Of the pathology specimens tested for HPV subtype, the majority of patients (62%) were positive for HPV 6/11, including all high-grade dysplasia patients. Three (12%) dysplasia specimens were negative for both high- and low-risk HPV subtypes. Conclusions: We found a 28% prevalence of dysplasia in our patient population with the majority of patients positive for low-risk HPV subtypes indicating that high-risk HPV subtypes do not predispose laryngeal papilloma patients to dysplasia.
Prediction of the Attachment Site of Sinonasal Inverted Papillomas by Preoperative Imaging
Authors: Nakamaru Yuji , Fujima Noriyuki , Takagi Dai , Tsukahara Akiko , Yoshida Daisuke , Fukuda Satoshi 
Published: April 2014

Objective: Accurate preoperative identification of the attachment site is the key to the successful surgical management of sinonasal inverted papillomas (IPs). This study investigated the value of preoperative imaging to identify the attachment sites of IPs. Methods: We analyzed 10 consecutive patients with pathologically proven IPs. Two radiologists predicted the attachment sites of IPs from computed tomography (CT), 3.0 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (3.0T MRI), 1.5T MRI, and CT plus 3.0T MRI. The actual tumor attachment sites were confirmed via pathological examination of specimens and compared with the predicted sites. Results: Computed tomography showed the highest sensitivity ( P < .0001), although both MRI formats showed greater specificity ( P < .0001). The sensitivity of MRI plus CT was equal to that of CT and better than that of MRI ( P < .0001), whereas its specificity was better than that of CT ( P < .0001) and comparable to that of MRI. Prediction using 3.0T MRI appeared slightly superior to that using 1.5T MRI in terms of sensitivity and specificity, although the differences were not significant. Conclusion: Computed tomography and MRI had different features for prediction of sinonasal IP attachment sites. Preoperative CT plus MRI provided more useful information than CT or MRI alone.
Morphologic Variations of Clinically Normal Mallei and Incudes
Authors: Todd Norman Wendell , Daraei Pedram 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: Various features and shapes of malleus and incus are reported. Partially or unaddressed are their bilateral symmetry, correlation with otitis media, and concordance of features and shapes. Such information may contribute to the understanding of malleus and incus ontogeny and the installation and function of implantable middle ear devices. We sought to address the following hypotheses: (1) a cranium’s malleus and incus have bilateral symmetry, with respect to their features and shapes; (2) features and shapes of malleus and incus are unrelated to the mastoid size indicator of childhood otitis media; and (3) an ear’s malleus and incus have concordant features and shapes (ie, the presence or absence of a feature or shape of a malleus or incus is associated with the presence or absence of another feature or shape in that ear’s malleus or incus). Methods: Postmortem material-analysis prevalence study of 41 adult crania without clinical otitis media. Mastoid sizes were assessed radiographically. Results: Most mallei had lateral processes and inflected manubrium tips. Most incudes had concave superior borders of their short processes, non-notched inferior borders of their short processes, and anteriorly curved anterior edges of their long processes. Only 1 feature, absence of the lateral process of the malleus, was suggested to have a relationship to small mastoid size. Concordance was not found for any shape or feature of the malleus or incus. Conclusion: Clinically normal mallei and incudes have feature and shape variations that are mostly bilaterally symmetric.
Adherence therapy following acute exacerbation of schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial in Thailand
Authors: von Bormann Suparpit , Robson Deborah , Gray Richard 
Published: April 2014

Background: Up to 50% of patients with schizophrenia are non-adherent with antipsychotic medication. Aims: To establish the efficacy of adherence therapy (AT) compared to treatment as usual (TAU) in improving clinical outcomes in patients with schizophrenia following an acute exacerbation of illness. Method: A parallel-group, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. Fieldwork was conducted in Thailand. Patients received eight weekly sessions of AT in addition to TAU. The primary outcome was improvement in psychopathology (measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)) at 26-week follow-up. Secondary outcomes included patient attitudes towards medication, global functioning and side-effects. Results: In total, 70 inpatients with schizophrenia were recruited to the trial. At 26-week follow-up, PANSS total scores improved in the AT compared to the TAU group by a mean of −3.94 points (effect size = 0.24). The number needed to treat (NNT) was 5. There was no significant effect on patients’ attitudes towards treatment, functioning or medication side-effects. No treatment-related adverse effects were reported. Conclusion: AT improves psychopathology in Asian patients with schizophrenia following an acute exacerbation of illness.
Relationship between mean platelet volume elevation and left ventricular mass index in hypertensive patients
Authors: Yavuzkir Mustafa Ferzeyn , Kurtoğlu Ertuğrul , Yilmaz Mücahid , Korkmaz Hasan , Çakmak Tolga , Dogdu Orhan , Dagli Necati , Uysal Ayhan , Özgüler Murat , Gürel Ali , Akbulut Mehmet 
Published: April 2014

Objectives: To compare the mean platelet volume (MPV; a general marker of platelet activation) in groups of patients with and without hypertension and to analyse its relationship with left ventricular mass index (LVMI). Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study enrolled newly diagnosed patients with untreated stage I–II hypertension and healthy control subjects without hypertension. MPV was measured using a haematology analyser. Echocardiography was performed on all of the study participants. Results: A total of 50 newly diagnosed patients with hypertension and 50 healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study. The majority of the demographic characteristics and laboratory findings were not significantly different between the two groups. The mean ± SD MPV was significantly higher in the hypertensive group compared with the control group (10.3 ± 1.4 fl versus 9.2 ± 1.8 fl, respectively). The mean ± SD LVMI was significantly higher in the hypertensive group compared with the control group (115.9 ± 23.0 g/m2 versus 95.7 ± 23.4 g/m2, respectively). There was no significant correlation between MPV and LVMI. Conclusion: In patients with untreated hypertension, despite elevated MPV levels there was no correlation between LVMI and MPV.
The role of arthrodesis of the wrist in spastic disorders
Authors: Neuhaus V. , Kadzielski J. J. , Mudgal C. S. 
Published: April 2014

We investigated the functional and radiographic outcome of wrist arthrodesis in 11 adults with spastic wrist deformities, carried out by one surgeon between 2003 and 2012. The underlying cause of spasticity was a cerebrovascular insult in five, traumatic brain injury in four, and cerebral palsy in two patients. A dorsal plate and local bone graft was used in all patients. The mean radiographic flexion deformity significantly improved from 67° pre-operatively to 4° of dorsal angulation post-operatively. Thumb-in-palm deformity was more pronounced in three patients after the operation. The functional House score improved in all patients an average of two levels (range 1–3). Level of evidence: IV (Case series).
Simulation of XRD patterns as an optimal technique for studying glacial and interglacial clay mineral associations in bottom sediments of Lake Baikal
Authors: Solotchina E. P. , Prokopenko A. A. , Vasilevsky A. N. , Gavshin V. M. , Kuzmin M. I. , Williams D. F. 
Published: April 2014

AbstractA new method is proposed for modelling complex X-ray diffraction patterns effectively. The method is based on the calculation of the interference function of the onedimensional disordered crystals with finite thickness. First, we calculated the diffraction effects from structures of individual mineral phases with different layer defects modelled according to the Reynolds’ algorithm. To fit the theoretical to the observed XRD patterns more accurately, we then used a specially developed optimization procedure. This iterative procedure selects the optimal set of chemical and structural parameters (probability and domain size) and yields consistent solutions.The composition of the clay component in bottom sediments of Lake Baikal relates strongly to glacial/interglacial climate cyclicity. Besides changes in the relative abundance of illite and illite/ smectites between glacial and interglacial periods, significant differences are observed in the crystal chemistries and structures of layered minerals. A change from chlorite during glacial periods to chlorite-smectite during interglacials is probably indicative of the weathering processes in the watershed. Changes in the degree of ordering, in domain size and grain-size distribution of illitesmectites imply differences in genesis of this mineral phase in different palaeoenvironments. These findings further strengthen the case for using clay minerals in the sedimentary record of Lake Baikal as palaeoclimate indicators.One of our findings was that none of the fractions separated by Stokes’ settling is representative of the bulk sample for either the glacial or interglacial intervals. For the interglacial sample, illitesmectite was concentrated in the <2 μm fraction whereas, for the glacial sample, most of illitesmectite is contained in the <1 μm fraction. The selective use of one fraction is yet another potential source of uncontrolled errors that has to be avoided. We suggest using X-ray patterns of bulk samples as a preferred method of analysis of Lake Baikal (and other) sediments.
Prevalence of infectious keratitis in Central China
Authors: Cao Jin , Yang Yanning , Yang Wanju , Wu Ruoxi , Xiao Xuan , Yuan Jing , Xing Yiqiao , Tan Xiaodong 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
The baseline data pertaining to the national epidemiological survey of infectious keratitis remain scarce in China, and currently there is no corneal blindness control strategy developed by the nation.

Methods
Geographically defined cluster sampling was used to randomly select a cross-section of residents from representative urban and rural populations in Hubei Province. Participants were selected from village registers, followed by door-to-door household visits. The assessment items included a structured interview, visual acuity testing, external eye examination, and anterior segment examination using slit lamp. Causes and sequelae of corneal disease were identified according to uniform customized protocol.

Results
The prevalence of presenting corneal diseases was 0.8% (211/26 305), while the prevalence of infectious keratitis was 0.148% (39/26 305). The prevalences of viral, bacterial, and fungal keratitis were 0.065, 0.068, and 0.015%, respectively. There were no significant differences found between the prevalences of viral (accounting for 43.6%) and bacterial (accounting for 46.2%) corneal ulcers. cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis were not found. Infectious keratitis was the leading cause of corneal blindness (85.7%), and the prevalence of blindness in at least one eye resulting from infected corneas was 0.091% (95% CI: 0.067-0.127%).

Conclusions
Viral and bacterial mechanisms constitute the most important risk factors for infectious corneal ulcers in Central China. To reduce the rate and severity of infectious keratitis, he public health care policy should be focused on designing cost-effective strategies and operational programs for the prevention and prompt treatment of infectious corneal ulcers.