bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNDDNet: A residual nested dilated DenseNet based deep-learning model for chilli plant disease classification
Authors: Srinivasulu Maramreddy , Maiti Sandipan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The most significant peril to food safety arises from plant diseases, capable of substantially diminishing both the quantity and quality of agricultural yields. Identifying these plant diseases stands out as the foremost challenge within the agricultural sector. Convolutional and deep neural networks prove effective in resolving image classification challenges within the realm of computer vision. Numerous Deep Neural Network(DNN)-based structures have been employed to diagnose plant diseases. Many DNN models in the field make use of various iterations of Dense and DenseNet layers in order to enhance the receptive field and capture intricate features within the data. However, it is important to note that such models often come with a significant computational burden and can introduce aliasing artifacts due to their complexity and resource-intensive nature. To overcome those limitations, we proposed a novel Residual Nested Dilated DenseNet based deep-learning (RNDDNet) model in this paper. Residual Nested Dilated DenseNet model residual connections are achieving the required receptive field, and their dilation factors are effective in extracting more features. The RNDDNet model exhibits the highest level of accuracy in identifying plant diseases. This research introduces a less computational cost and compact model to detect diseases in plant leaves. The proposed model functions to identify diseases, utilizing a dataset comprising 3,800 photographs of chilli leaves, categorized into six distinct classes: five disorder classes and one healthy chilli class. Through experimentation, the outcomes indicate that the suggested model achieves an accuracy of 98.09 %, along with a precision of 97 %, a recall of 97.25 %, and an F1 score of 97.25%. The presented approach demonstrates its superiority over existing methodologies.
Micro-expression recognition based on euler video magnification and 3D residual network under imbalanced sample
Authors: Zhu Liangyu , He Yujun , Yang Xiaoqing , Li Hui , Long Xiangqian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A student’s verbal behavior plays a crucial role in education, while nonverbal behavior, such as micro-expressions, significantly improves teaching quality. To address the problem of small facial expression movements, imbalanced data categories, and lack of temporal information in static expressions, a micro-expression recognition method is proposed based on Eulerian Video Magnification (EVM) and a 3D Residual Network (3D ResNet) under imbalanced samples. Firstly, face detection in the Dlib library is used to locate the face in the micro-expression video sample and crop it. Secondly, the EVM is used to magnify the motion features in micro-expressions. Then, the 3D ResNet is used to extract spatio-temporal information from micro-expression video samples, and the Cyclical Focal Loss (CFL) function is introduced in the network training process to solve the class imbalance problem in micro-expression datasets. Finally, the roles of the EVM and the CFL function in recognizing micro-expressions by the 3D ResNet are analyzed. The experimental results on the Spontaneous Micro-expression Database (SMIC) and Chinese Academy of Sciences Micro-expression Database II (CASME II) demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of this method. The proposed method can assist in teaching evaluation and promote the development of smart classrooms, and further research is needed on the storage and computing of the proposed method on devices.
Cutaneous myiasis in neglected patients with autoimmune bullous disorders: a case series
Authors: Ramamoorthy Logamoorthy , Chandrashekar Laxmisha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Cutaneous myiasis is an infestation of the tissues and organs of living vertebrates and humans by fly larvae, usually those belonging to the Calliphoridae family. The larvae feed on the host’s necrotic or living tissue. Pre-existing dermatological conditions and poor hygiene are predisposing factors for cutaneous myiasis, which is especially common among neglected, dependent patients. Our literature search revealed only a few case reports of cutaneous myiasis in autoimmune bullous disorders (AIBDs). Cutaneous myiasis is more common in the population of the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu because AIBDs, such as pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid, are erroneously considered to be chickenpox and are treated with neem and turmeric preparations, alongside poor hygiene practices. We report a case series of eight patients with AIBDs and cutaneous myiasis.
Exploring the mitogenomes of Batracomorphus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae): new insights from structural diversity and phylogenomic analyses
Authors: Hu Yulin , Dietrich Christopher H , Dai Wu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Comparisons of mitogenomes are widely used for species identification and to explore the phylogenetic relationship among insect taxa. Batracomorphus is the third most diverse and widely distributed genus in the Cicadellidae (Hemiptera). However, there have been no analyses of genome structure and phylogenetic relationships within the genus. To compensate for the paucity of genomic information in this genus, we sequenced novel complete mitochondrial genomes of 11 Batracomorphus species and combined these with 23 previously sequenced mitochondrial genomes to perform structural comparisons and phylogenomic studies. Our results reveal generally conserved mitogenome organization, with one case of tRNA gene rearrangement, with trnI-trnQ reversed to trnQ-trnI when compared with the ancestral arrangement. Analysis of the ratio of nonsynonymous (Ka) to synonymous substitutions (Ks) showed ATP8 is the fastest and COI is the slowest evolving gene. ND2 and ND6 have highly variable nucleotide diversity, whereas COI and ND1 exhibit the lowest diversity. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences grouped Batracomorphus species into a clade within the subfamily Iassinae. Within Batracomorphus, 3 clades were reconstructed consistent with the observed gene rearrangement, indicating that such rearrangements can serve as reliable molecular markers supporting phylogenetic hypotheses. These clades also correspond to clusters of species recovered by morphometric analysis of aedeagal shape, suggesting that characters of the male genitalia traditionally used for species delimitation are phylogenetically informative. Molecular divergence time estimates indicate that most speciation events within Batracomorphus occurred between the Paleogene and Neogene. This study provides insight into the population genetics, molecular biology, phylogeny, and morphological evolution of the leafhopper subfamily Iassinae and its largest genus, Batracomorphus.
Geographic population structure and distinct intra-population dynamics of globally abundant freshwater bacteria
Authors: Hoetzinger Matthias , Hahn Martin W , Andersson Linnéa Y , Buckley Nathaniel , Ramsin Chelsea , Buck Moritz , Nuy Julia K , Garcia Sarahi L , Puente-Sánchez Fernando , Bertilsson Stefan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Implications of geographic separation and temporal dynamics on the evolution of free-living bacterial species are widely unclear. However, the vast amount of metagenome sequencing data generated during the last decades from various habitats around the world provides an unprecedented opportunity for such investigations. Here, we exploited publicly available and new freshwater metagenomes in combination with the genomes of abundant freshwater bacteria to reveal geographic and temporal population structure. We focused on species that were detected across broad geographic ranges at high enough sequence coverage for meaningful population genomic analyses, associated with the predominant freshwater taxa acI, LD12, Polynucleobacter, and Candidatus Methylopumilus. Despite the broad geographic ranges, each species appeared as a sequence-discrete cluster, in contrast to abundant marine taxa, for which continuous diversity structures were reported on a global scale. Population differentiation increased significantly with spatial distance in all species, but notable dispersal barriers (e.g. oceanic) were not apparent. Yet, the different species showed contrasting rates of geographic divergence and strikingly different intra-population dynamics in time series within individual habitats. The change in an LD12 population over 7 years was minor (FST = 0.04) compared to differentiation between lakes, whereas a Polynucleobacter population displayed strong changes within merely 2 months (FST up to 0.54), similar in scale to differentiation between populations separated by thousands of kilometers. The slowly and steadily evolving LD12 population showed high strain diversity, whereas the dynamic Polynucleobacter population exhibited alternating clonal expansions of mostly two strains only. Based on the contrasting population structures, we propose distinct models of speciation.
Analysis on stable imaging and inverse algorithm for artificial source EM data
Authors: Luan Xiaodong , Xue Junjie , Chen Bin , Wu Xin , Ma Xiaoyin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The inversion of artificial source electromagnetic (EM) method data fundamentally involves constructing a mathematical relationship between observable data and geological structures. The aim of imaging and inversion is to construct a geophysical model that matches the observable results, thereby realizing the identification of subsurface targets. The results of EM data inversion, due to the simplicity of geophysical models, limit inversion computing efficiency. Moreover, complexity of actual geological structures, and lack of onsite observable data, are often hindered by non-uniqueness. The challenge in the interpretation of artificial source EM data is in enhancing both the precision and expeditiousness of the inversion process. It can be classified into three main types for EM data inversion: direct imaging inversion, deterministic inversion, and stochastic inversion. To enhance computational efficiency and reduce non-uniqueness in the results, effective inversion methods, prior geological information, geophysical data, and comprehensive analysis can help mitigate the issue of non-uniqueness in EM data inversion, thereby leading to more rational geophysical interpretation results. With the progress of technology such as computing centers and the development of artificial intelligence methods, future inversion techniques will become faster, more efficient, and more intelligent, and will be applied to the interpretation of artificial source EM data.
‘I heard about the negotiation with Agostini’
Authors: Dall’Aglio Stefano 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article focuses on negotiations that took place between 1667 and 1673 leading to the purchase by Prince-Cardinal Leopoldo de’ Medici (1617–1675) of the bulk of the collections assembled by the antiquary Leonardo Agostini (1593–1676). This was one of the most important acquisitions by the Medici family in the second half of the seventeenth century, and it brought different types of objects into the grand-ducal collections: medals, intaglios, cameos and ancient metal objects. Several go-betweens and experts were involved, the most important being the antiquary Ottavio Falconieri (1636–1675), Leopoldo’s agent in Rome. Recently discovered letters exchanged between Leopoldo and Falconieri shed crucial new light on the whole story.
Actio de in rem verso
Authors: Jefferson Rebecca J W 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The provenance of many objects once part of the acclaimed Revd William MacGregor collection of Egyptian artefacts is unclear or unknown. Private collectors purchased pieces from the MacGregor collection when it was sold at auction in 1922, many of which eventually made their way into major museums around the world. Today, the provenance information attached to them can usually be traced back through the private owners only as far as MacGregor’s ownership and no further. Recent research has revealed more about MacGregor’s collecting habits, including the fact that Count Riamo d’Hulst was the supplier of MacGregor’s famous obsidian head. Based on a little-known court case in Egypt and previously unseen correspondence between MacGregor and the Swiss archaeologist Édouard Naville, this article sheds further light on the extent to which the count was MacGregor’s regular supplier. It will also demonstrate how this key buyer–seller relationship developed, and how it eventually deteriorated into enmity and legal wrangling.
Neurocognitive outcomes and functional independence in adult survivors of childhood medulloblastoma diagnosed over 3 decades
Authors: Papini Chiara , Mirzaei Sedigheh , Xing Mengqi , Tonning Olsson Ingrid , Salloum Ralph , de Blank Peter M K , Lange Katharine R , King Tricia Z , Srivastava Deokumar , Leisenring Wendy M , Howell Rebecca M , Oeffinger Kevin C , Robison Leslie L , Armstrong Gregory T , Krull Kevin R , Brinkman Tara M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Treatment of childhood medulloblastoma has evolved to reduce neurotoxicity while improving survival. However, the impact of evolving therapies on late neurocognitive outcomes and adult functional independence remains unknown.

Methods
Adult survivors of childhood medulloblastoma (n = 505; median [minimum–maximum] age, 29 [18–46] years) and sibling controls (n = 727; 32 [18–58] years) from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study completed surveys assessing neurocognitive problems and chronic health conditions (CHCs). Treatment exposures were categorized as historical (craniospinal irradiation [CSI] ≥ 30 Gy, no chemotherapy), standard-risk (CSI &gt; 0 to &lt;30 Gy + chemotherapy) and high-risk (CSI ≥ 30 Gy + chemotherapy) therapy. Latent class analysis identified patterns of functional independence using employment, independent living, assistance with routine/personal care needs, driver’s license, and marital/partner status. Multivariable models estimated the risk of neurocognitive impairment in survivors versus siblings and by treatment exposure group, and associations between neurocognitive impairment, CHCs, and functional independence.

Results
Survivors in each treatment exposure group had a 4- to 5-fold elevated risk of impaired memory and task efficiency compared to siblings. Contemporary risk-based therapies did not confer lower risk compared to historical therapy. Survivors treated in the 1990s had a higher risk of memory impairment (relative risk [RR] 2.24, 95% confidence interval 1.39–3.60) compared to survivors treated in the 1970s. Sensorimotor, hearing problems, and seizures were associated with 33–34%, 25–26%, and 21–42% elevated risk of task efficiency and memory impairment, respectively. Treatment-related CHCs and neurocognitive impairment were associated with nonindependence.

Conclusions
Despite treatment changes, long-term survivors of childhood medulloblastoma remain at risk for neurocognitive impairment, which was associated with CHCs. Neurocognitive surveillance after contemporary regimens is imperative.
Midazolam versus Ondansetron versus Dexamethasone in Preventing Post-Operative Nausea and Vomiting after Elective Laparoscopic Abdominal Surgeries
Authors: Mohamed El-Taher Walead Abdel-Meged , Mohamed Marwa Mostafa , Ibrahim El Mowafy Ahmed Yousri 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Laparoscopic surgery is associated with a remarkably high risk of post-operative nausea and vomiting. The reasons for this high rate of PONV include mechanical factors (such as pressure on the stomach and gut caused by the pneumoperitoneum), neural factors (such as vagal reflexes elicited by irritation of parasympathetic nerve endings in the abdomen), and chemical factors (which include speculative considerations regarding a possible influence of CO2 on PONV).

Objective
To compare the effect of midazolam, ondansetron or dexamethasone on prophylaxis against PONV in patients undergoing laparoscopic abdominal surgeries.

Patients and Methods
After approval of anesthesiology department, scientific and ethical committees in Ain Shams University Hospitals, patients were included in the study, and were divided into three groups (n = 40; each); group M (midazolam group) and Group O (ondansetron group) and group D (dexamethasone group).

Results
The three groups were adequately monitored and assessed post-operatively and they were compared regarding post-operative nausea and vomiting outcome by recording the incidence of nausea and vomiting and recording the call for rescue antiemetic. Demographic data, intra-operative hemodynamics and post-operative pain score, occurrence of side effects, sedation score and patient satisfaction scores were also assessed, we found about 95% of (M) group achieve the complete response, that mean midazolam provided PONV prophylaxis comparable to dexamethasone and ondansetron in patients who underwent laparoscopic abdominal surgeries.

Conclusion
From this study, we can conclude that the midazolam is as effective as ondansetron and dexamethasone in reducing the incidence of nausea and vomiting in post-operative period of laparoscopic abdominal surgeries.
Effect of Intra-Operative Erector Spinae Plane Block on Post-Operative Consumption of Opioids after Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgeries (VATS)
Authors: El-Din Shokeir Mohamed Hossam , Kamal Shams Manal Mohamed , Khamis Ahmed Mohamed , Mostafa Mohamed Mohsen 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Pain is an everyday challenge during all surgeries and it is a chief postoperative complication, so pain management is a corner stone in anesthetic practice. Although VATS is less painful than an open thoracotomy, patients may still feel severe pain and restricted mobility during the first few postoperative hours. Ultrasound guided nerve block is considered a recent technique for pain management. It provides better visualization of the nerves and reduces the risk for complications e.g. unintended injury to adjacent structures.

Objective
to assess the analgesic efficacy and safety of ultrasound guided ESPB done at lumbar transverse process level in patients undergoing VATS for postoperative analgesia.

Patients and Methods
The study was conducted in Ain Shams university Hospitals after approval of the ethics committee and written patients’ consent. It included a total of 30 adult patients aged 21-50 years, Scheduled for lumbar spine surgeries. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups, 15 each, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Group A (n = 15): Received fentanyl 1-2 mcg/kg during induction of anesthesia and maintained by additional boluses of fentanyl.5 mcg/kg, also received ketrolac 30mg and perfelgan 1gm before extubation in addition 40 ml bupivacaine 0.25% (20ml on each side) as a single level bilateral injection for ESPB. Group B (n = 15) (the controlled group): Received only fentanyl 1- 2 mcg/kg during induction of anesthesia and maintained by additional boluses of fentanyl.5 mcg/kg, also received ketrolac 30mg and perfelgan 1gm before extubation.

Results
The main finding in this study was that ultrasound guided ESPB at level of thoracic process provides a good analgesic effect in patients undergoing VATS also reduced the total amount of postoperative morphine consumption in comparison to controlled group, Prolonged the time to first request of analgesia (duration of analgesia), Provided early mobilization, Increase patient satisfaction in 1st 24 hour and Decrease incidence of nausea and vomiting due to decrease opioids intake.

Conclusion
Ultrasound-guided bilateral erector spinae plane block reduced postoperative morphine consumption, alleviated postoperative pain scores and improved patients’ satisfaction in the first 24 hours after VATS, without associated any adverse effects or complications like nausea and vomiting, nerve injury, respiratory depression and hematoma formation. The ESPB slightly decreased the rate of PONV. This might be because the use of ESP might have decreased the use of intraoperative opioids.
Efficacy of Combination Therapy Using Crystalloid, Colloid and Ephedrine in Prevention of Post Spinal Hypotension at Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Elewa Mohammed Ahmed Mahmoud , Ibrahim Ahmed Saeed , Alansary Adel Mohammed 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Spinal anesthesia is the preferred method for elective cesarean sections due to considerable risks regarding airway management associated with physiological changes of pregnancy. Hypotension is reported to occur in up to 80% of spinal anesthesia cases, it can lead to serious maternal complications as well as impairment of the uterine and placental blood flow. Many approaches have been investigated to prevent spinal hypotension, e.g., fluid loading, vasopressors, or both.

Objective
To determine the most effective strategy to decrease the incidence and severity of post spinal hypotension by comparing three different combination therapies using crystalloid, colloid and ephedrine at cesarean delivery.

Patients and Methods
After obtaining approval from the Research Ethical Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, and written informed consent from all parturients this study was conducted in the operating theatres of Ain Shams Obstetric and Gynecology University Hospitals.

Results
In our study we found that a combination of an ephedrine infusion at 1.25 mg, minute with a crystalloid co-load was more effective in the prevention of hypotension.

Conclusion
Employing all mentioned combination treatments reduced the rate of hypotension occurrence following spinal anesthesia in parturients undergoing cesarean delivery. The most effective method was administration of crystalloid coloading plus ephedrine infusion.
Outcome of High Dose Vitamin D on Prognosis of Sepsis Requiring Mechanical Ventilation: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: AbdElazim Mohamed AbdElmoniem Hassan , Aziz Moustafa Zakaria Abdel , Esmat Ibrahim Mamdouh , Ashoor Tarek Mohammed , GadElrab Ahmed Ihab Ahmed , Anwar Maha Ahmad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Critically ill patients have an increased requirement for vitamin D in sepsis and these patients have low levels of vitamin D. The researchers validated the efficiency and safety of high-dose oral vitamin D (50,000 IU) in patients with sepsis requiring mechanical ventilation.

Methods
Seventy five patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups (Group I = 37 patient and Group II = 38 patient) in accordance with the vitamin D treatment regimen: Group I (GI): patients received 50,000 IU vitamin D crushed and diluted in 50 ml of water and delivered to patients in the nasogastric tube (NGT) once daily for 5 consecutive days; Group II (GII): patients received daily requirements of vitamin D (5000 IU/ day) crushed in 50 ml of water and delivered to patients in the nasogastric tube (NGT) once daily for 5 consecutive days. Primary outcome of this study was the change in procalcitonin levels at day 7 and the changes in plasma vitamin D levels were secondary outcomes.

Results
Procalcitonin (PCT) decreased at day 4 and day 7 in study groups, procalcitonin (PCT) levels at days 4, 7 were significantly lower in high dose group (p &lt; 0.032 and p &lt; 0.013, respectively) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels reductions (day 7 – day 0) were significantly higher in high dose group (p &lt; 0.010). Serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels increased at day 4 then decreased at day 7 in study groups, serum Vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels at days 4, 7 were significantly higher in high dose group (p &lt; 0.001 and p &lt; 0.001, respectively) and serum Vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels elevations (day 7 – day 0) were significantly higher in high dose group (p &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
The early use of high-dose oral vitamin D in patients with sepsis requiring mechanical ventilation in combination with the standard treatment for sepsis lowered the procalcitonin level, increased the antioxidant status, and improved the illness severity.

Trial Registration
This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT05244018).