bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viticulture–climate relationships in Greece: the impacts of recent climate trends on harvest date variation
Authors: Koufos George , Mavromatis Theodoros , Koundouras Stefanos , Fyllas Nikolaos M. , Jones Gregory V. 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTClimate characteristics and relationships with indigenous varieties in Greece are examined to better understand how these varieties perform in their native climate and assess the impact regional climate change has on the Greek wine industry. Thus, harvest dates (ΔH) for eight indigenous varieties and regions, along with climate data, were gathered and systematically explored using linear regression models and principal component analysis for three ‘effective’ growing season time period definitions (calendar year, growing season and ripening period). The eight study regions had marked differences in their general climatic characteristics, mainly between mainland and island areas.ΔHresponse was not particularly sensitive to time period definition. In five out of eight regions, a systematic shift ofΔHwas identified (earlier harvest), mainly driven by changes in maximum and minimum temperatures. Significant trends in climate parameters and viticulture–climate relationships were more evident for island regions when compared to mainland locations. Moreover, areas with late ripening varieties were shown to be less sensitive to climate changes. Only in one region harvest was delayed, possibly due to non‐climate factors. The identification of up‐to‐date climate and grapevine phenology relationships could be an important step for broader and more confident future assessments of climate suitability for viticulture and climate change impacts in Greece, and provide insights into how lesser known varieties might perform in other regions.
The role of cave ventilation in governing cave air temperature and radon levels (Postojna Cave, Slovenia)
Authors: Gregorič Asta , Vaupotič Janja , Šebela Stanka 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTRadon concentration and cave temperature were studied at two morphologically different locations (the Beautiful Caves—BC and the lowest point—LP) in Postojna Cave (Slovenia). Radon concentration was considered a trace gas for cave ventilation research, where cave temperature was used as a supported microclimatic parameter. The influence of several climatic factors on radon concentration was studied, from which outside air temperature was found to have the highest control over cave ventilation. Measured radon concentration during 1‐year period was in the range from 740 to 4000 Bq m−3 at LP, whereas during 2‐year period at BC radon concentration experienced two different annual cycles. The change was observed after flood in September 2010. Radon concentration was in the range from 500 to 9000 Bq m−3 in the year 2010 and 500 to 5500 Bq m−3 in the year 2011 and 2012. Temperature was in the range from 9.9 to 10.5 °C and 9.8 to 10.7 °C at BC and BC‐1 (the main passage connected to the LP), respectively. Two different ventilation regimes can be distinguished for LP location and for year 2010 at BC, whereas after flood, three ventilation regimes are characteristic for BC location. Significant change of radon emissions was observed after flood.
‘Clustering’ documents automatically to support scoping reviews of research: a case study
Authors: Stansfield Claire , Thomas James , Kavanagh Josephine 
Published: July 2013

BackgroundScoping reviews of research help determine the feasibility and the resource requirements of conducting a systematic review, and the potential to generate a description of the literature quickly is attractive.AimsTo test the utility and applicability of an automated clustering tool to describe and group research studies to improve the efficiency of scoping reviews.MethodsA retrospective study of two completed scoping reviews was conducted. This compared the groups and descriptive categories obtained by automatically clustering titles and abstracts with those that had originally been derived using traditional researcher‐driven techniques.ResultsThe clustering tool rapidly categorised research into themes, which were useful in some instances, but not in others. This provided a dynamic means to view each dataset. Interpretation was challenging where there were potentially multiple meanings of terms. Where relevant clusters were unambiguous, there was a high precision of relevant studies, although recall varied widely.ConclusionsPolicy‐relevant scoping reviews are often undertaken rapidly, and this could potentially be enhanced by automation depending on the nature of the dataset and information sought. However, it is not a replacement for researcher‐developed classification. The possibilities of further applications and potential for use in other types of review are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the Physical Properties of Poly(ortho‐ and para‐trifluoromethoxy styrenes)
Authors: Sengupta Arijit , Koike Yasuhiro , Okamoto Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2013

AbstractOrtho and para ‐OCF3 substituted styrenes are prepared by the Grignard cross‐coupling reaction between ‐OCF3 substituted bromobenzene and vinyl bromide and further polymerized in bulk using benzoyl peroxide. The glass‐transition temperatures (Tg) are 80 °C and 73 °C for the ortho and para –OCF3 substituted polystyrenes, respectively, which are much lower compared with polystyrene (100 °C). The size of the ‐OCF3 group is large and the ether bond is flexible; thus, the ‐OCF3 substituted polystyrenes have larger free volumes, which has more effect on the Tg value compared with that of the steric hindrance effect. The refractive indices are 1.4908 and 1.4809 at 650 nm for ortho and para –OCF3 substituted polystyrenes, respectively, which are much lower than that of polystyrene (1.5861) due to the presence of fluorine atoms in the polymer unit.
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A POD reduced‐order model for eigenvalue problems with application to reactor physics
Authors: Buchan A. G. , Pain C. C. , Fang F. , Navon I. M. 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYA reduced‐order model based on proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) has been presented and applied to solving eigenvalue problems. The model is constructed via the method of snapshots, which is based upon the singular value decomposition of a matrix containing the characteristics of a solution as it evolves through time. Part of the novelty of this work is in how this snapshot data are generated, and this is through the recasting of eigenvalue problem, which is time independent, into a time‐dependent form. Instances of time‐dependent eigenfunction solutions are therefore used to construct the snapshot matrix. The reduced order model's capabilities in efficiently resolving eigenvalue problems that typically become computationally expensive (using standard full model discretisations) has been demonstrated. Although the approach can be adapted to most general eigenvalue problems, the examples presented here are based on calculating dominant eigenvalues in reactor physics applications. The approach is shown to reconstruct both the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions accurately using a significantly reduced number of unknowns in comparison with ‘full’ models based on finite element discretisations. The novelty of this paper therefore includes a new approach to generating snapshots, POD's application to large‐scale eigenvalue calculations, and reduced‐order model's application in reactor physics.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Education and age at migration
Authors: Aisa Rosa , Cabeza Josefina , Larramona Gemma 
Published: July 2013

SUMMARYThe population of the developed world is growing older, leading to shortages in the labor market, and the age and level of education of migrants will be important factors in the labor market in the coming decades. This paper presents a theoretical framework in which the timing of migration and the educational attainments of immigrants are determined endogenously. The combination of social and economic factors related to migration allows us to detect different patterns in these variables. The main finding is that the optimal age for migration, in the case of individuals who attain a higher educational level, is lower than those who have a lower level of education. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prevalence and correlates of supportive care needs in testicular cancer survivors: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Smith Allan ‘Ben’ , King Madeleine , Butow Phyllis , Luckett Tim , Grimison Peter , Toner Guy C. , Stockler Martin , Hovey Elizabeth , Stubbs John , Hruby George , Gurney Howard , Turner Sandra , Alam Mahmood , Cox Keith , Olver Ian 
Published: July 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis cross‐sectional study aimed to identify the prevalence and correlates of supportive care needs in testicular cancer (TC) survivors.MethodsMen who had completed active anti‐cancer treatment for TC between 6 months and 5 years previously showing no evidence of recurrence were recruited from 14 Australian cancer centers (September 2009–February 2011). Participants completed a self‐report questionnaire measuring sociodemographics, disease, and treatment information, supportive care needs (CaSUN), psychological distress (DASS21) and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL; SF36v2).ResultsOf the 486 eligible TC survivors invited to participate, 244 completed the questionnaire. Sixty‐six percent reported one or more unmet supportive care needs. The mean number of unmet needs was 4.73 (SD = 7.0, Range = 0–34). The most common unmet needs related primarily to existential survivorship issues (e.g., life stress) and relationships (e.g., sex life). Younger age and presence of chronic illness other than TC were significantly associated with higher number of unmet needs. The number of unmet needs was more highly correlated with psychological distress and HRQoL than unmet need strength.ConclusionsThe majority of TC survivors reported one or more unmet needs. Unmet needs regarding existential survivorship issues were frequently reported by TC survivors despite their favorable prognosis. Relationships unmet needs were less prevalent but still more common than in breast and gynecological cancer survivors. These findings appear to be related to the young age of TC survivors. As a higher number of unmet needs is significantly associated with psychological morbidity and impaired HRQoL, interventions addressing this constellation of issues are needed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adjustment and social support at work early after breast cancer surgery and its associations with sickness absence
Authors: Nilsson Marie I. , Petersson Lena‐Marie , Wennman‐Larsen Agneta , Olsson Mariann , Vaez Marjan , Alexanderson Kristina 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntroductionAs half of the women with breast cancer are of working ages and usually survive, knowledge is needed on how to support them early regarding work‐related problems caused by treatments. Most previous studies have focused on individual and disease‐related factors, whereas few have focused on work‐related factors such as work adjustment and social support. The aim of this study was to investigate received and perceived social support from supervisor and colleagues as well as work adjustments, and their associations with sickness absence, among women who recently had had breast cancer surgery.MethodInclusion criteria were as follows: women aged 20–63 years, living in Stockholm County, treated surgically for a first diagnosis of breast cancer, literate in Swedish, without pre‐surgical chemotherapy or known distant metastases. Included in the study were 605 women who worked at diagnosis and that had answered a questionnaire within eight weeks of inclusion. Descriptive statistics, univariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were applied to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the likelihood of being sickness absent.ResultsMost women perceived and received social support and work adjustment after breast cancer surgery. Low adjustment (OR = 2.14; 95% CI, 1.45–3.18) and less social support (OR = 1.80; 95% CI, 1.16–2.78) were significantly associated with being sickness absent. Adjusting for sociodemographics, strenuous work posture, and treatment did not attenuate these associations.ConclusionAdjustment at work and social support from employer are associated with sickness absence and needs to be explored in discussions on return to work after breast cancer surgery. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Degradation of TNT, RDX, and HMX Explosive Wastewaters Using Zero‐Valent Iron Nanoparticles
Authors: Lin Kuen‐Song , Dehvari Khalilalrahman , Hsien Ming‐June , Hsu Pei‐Ju , Kuo Hua 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe high‐energy explosives 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene (TNT), hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine (RDX), and the high melting explosive octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine (HMX) are common groundwater contaminants at active and abandoned munitions production facilities causing serious environmental problems. A highly efficient and environmentally friendly method was developed for the treatment of the explosives‐contaminated wastewaters using zero‐valent iron nanoparticles (ZVINs). ZVINs with diameters of 20–50 nm and specific surface areas of 42.56 m2 g−1 were synthesized by the co‐precipitation method. The explosives degradation reaction is expressed to be of pseudo first‐order and the kinetic reaction parameters are calculated based on different initial concentrations of TNT, RDX, and HMX. In addition, by comparison of the field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) images for the fresh and reacted ZVINs, it was apparent that the ZVINs were oxidized and aggregated to form Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a result of the chemical reaction. The X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measurements confirmed that the ZVINs corrosion primarily occurred due to the formation of Fe3O4. Furthermore, the postulated reaction kinetics in different concentrations of TNT, RDX, and HMX, showed that the rate of TNT removal was higher than RDX and HMX. Furthermore, by‐products obtained after degradation of TNT (long‐chain alkanes/methylamine) and RDX/HMX (formaldehyde/methanol/hydrazine/dimethyl hydrazine) were determined by LC/MS/MS, respectively. The high reaction rate and significant removal efficiencies suggest that ZVINs might be suitable and powerful materials for an in‐situ degradation of explosive polluted wastewaters.
Smoking and prostate cancer in a multi‐ethnic sample
Authors: Murphy Adam B. , Akereyeni Folasade , Nyame Yaw A. , Guy Mignonne C. , Martin Iman K. , Hollowell Courtney M. P. , Walker Kelly , Kittles Rick A. , Ahaghotu Chiledum 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDProstate cancer (PCa) and smoking‐related morbidity disproportionately burdens African American (AA) men. Smoking is associated with high‐grade PCa and incidence, but few studies have focused on AA men. This study aims to determine the effect of tobacco‐use on odds of PCa and of high‐grade PCa in a population of predominantly AA men.METHODSThis is a cross‐sectional study evaluating smoking and PCa status in men with incident PCa and screened healthy controls. Altogether, 1,085 men (527 cases and 558 controls), age ≥ 40 years were enrolled through outpatient urology clinics in two US cities from 2001 to 2012. Validated questionnaires were used to gather clinical and socioeconomic data.RESULTSThe cases and controls were predominantly AA (79.9% and 71.3%, respectively, P = 0.01). AA men smoked more frequently (53.4% vs. 47.9%, P < 0.001) and quit less frequently than European American (EA) men (31.5% vs. 40.4%, P = 0.01). AA heavy smokers had increased odds of PCa diagnosis (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.09, 6.10) and high‐grade cancer (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.03, 3.48) relative to never smokers and light smokers. Among AAs, heavy smokers had lower odds of being in the low risk stratification in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. AA former smokers had a trend for increased odds of high‐grade cancer compared to never smokers. The associations between smokings, cancer diagnosis and cancer grade did not reach statistical significance in EA men.CONCLUSIONWe found ethnic differences in smoking behavior. Heavy smoking is associated with increased odds of PCa and of higher Gleason grade in AA men. Prostate 73: 1518–1528, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TMEFF2 and SARDH cooperate to modulate one‐carbon metabolism and invasion of prostate cancer cells
Authors: Green Thomas , Chen Xiaofei , Ryan Stephen , Asch Adam S. , Ruiz‐Echevarría Maria J. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs, TMEFF2, has been implicated in prostate cancer but its role in this disease is unclear. We recently demonstrated that the tumor suppressor role of TMEFF2 correlates, in part, with its ability to interact with sarcosine dehydrogenase (SARDH) and modulate sarcosine level. TMEFF2 overexpression inhibits sarcosine‐induced invasion. Here, we further characterize the functional interaction between TMEFF2 and SARDH and their link with one‐carbon (1‐C) metabolism and invasion.METHODSRNA interference was used to study the effect of SARDH and/or TMEFF2 knockdown (KD) in invasion, evaluated using Boyden chambers. The dependence of invasion on 1‐C metabolism was determined by examining sensitivity to methotrexate. Real‐time PCR and Western blot of subcellular fractions were used to study the effect of SARDH KD or TMEFF2 KD on expression of enzymes involved in one‐carbon (1‐C) metabolism and on TMEFF2 expression and localization. Protein interactions were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Cell viability and proliferation were measured by cell counting and MTT analysis.RESULTSWhile knocking down SARDH affects TMEFF2 subcellular localization, this effect is not responsible for the increased invasion observed in SARDH KD cells. Importantly, SARDH and/or TMEFF2 KD promote increased cellular invasion, sensitize the cell to methotrexate, render the cell resistant to invasion induced by sarcosine, a metabolite from the folate‐mediated 1‐C metabolism pathway, and affect the expression level of enzymes involved in that pathway.CONCLUSIONSOur findings define a role for TMEFF2 and the folate‐mediated 1‐C metabolism pathway in modulating cellular invasion. Prostate 73: 1561–1575, 2013 © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interface defects and impurities at the growth zone of Au‐catalyzed GaAs nanowire from first principles
Authors: Sakong Sung , Du Yaojun A. , Kratzer Peter 
Published: July 2013

Abstractmagnified imageThe defects and impurities at the interface of a Au‐catalyzed GaAs nanowire have been studied by the first‐principles method. The interface is modeled by Au layers on the ${\rm GaAs}(\bar 1\bar 1\bar 1)$ substrate with both Ga‐ and As‐terminations. From the energetics of interface defects and impurities, we find that a highly ordered As‐terminated interface is expected under As‐rich growth, but mixed Ga‐ and As‐terminations are expected under Ga‐rich growth. Comparing the interface defects and impurities to their bulk species, we expect the interface to be a sink for Au impurities in the GaAs nanowire. Based on DFT results, we estimate that materials transport by impurity diffusion through a liquid nanoparticle is sufficient for sustained GaAs growth. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Making predictions about chemical reactivity: Assumptions and heuristics
Authors: Maeyer Jenine , Talanquer Vicente 
Published: July 2013

AbstractDiverse implicit cognitive elements seem to support but also constrain reasoning in different domains. Many of these cognitive constraints can be thought of as either implicit assumptions about the nature of things or reasoning heuristics for decision‐making. In this study we applied this framework to investigate college students' understanding of structure–property relationships in the context of chemical reactivity. The ability to understand and apply structure–property relationships to explain the behavior of physical, chemical, and biological systems is a core competence that many science and engineering majors are expected to develop. Core findings were derived from semi‐structured interviews based on a ranking task. Study participants relied on intuitive, spurious, and valid assumptions about the nature of chemical entities in building their responses. In particular, many of students appeared to conceive chemical reactions as macroscopic reassembling processes thought to be more favored the easier it seemed to break reactants apart or put products together. Students also expressed spurious chemical assumptions based on the misinterpretation and overgeneralization of chemical ideas. Reasoning heuristics for decision‐making also played a significant role in the construction of answers to ranking questions. Specifically, interviewees demonstrated strong over‐reliance on variable reduction strategies and recognition memory in their reasoning. Our findings reveal the need for educational approaches that more effectively affect the conceptual sophistication and depth of reasoning about structure–property relationships of college students. Our research framework provides a productive approach for the analysis of student reasoning in scientific domains. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach
Pubertal development, physical self‐perception, and motivation toward physical activity in girls
Authors: Labbrozzi Dina , Robazza Claudio , Bertollo Maurizio , Bucci Ines , Bortoli Laura 
Published: July 2013

ABSTRACTWe examined the differences in physical self‐perception and motivation toward physical activity in early‐ and mid‐adolescent girls. Body Mass Index (BMI) and pubertal status, assessed by means of the Tanner scale, were collected in 11‐year‐old (n = 74) and 13‐year‐old girls (n = 60). The assessment included six scales from the Physical Self‐Description Questionnaire, the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale, and the Situational Intrinsic Motivation Scale. Age differences emerged, with older girls showing a poorer physical perception and lower scores in intrinsic motivation and enjoyment of physical activity. In the subsample of 11‐year‐olds, findings showed that more developed girls reported a poorer physical perception on the scales of body fat, global physical self‐concept, and appearance, and a lower score in the PACES positive scale. Results underscore the need to promote interventions aimed at encouraging active lifestyles among children and adolescent girls, in order to prevent overweight prior to pubertal onset.
Effect of intrauterine infection on brain development and injury
Authors: Zhao Jing , Chen Yurong , Xu Yuxia , Pi Guanghuan 
Published: July 2013

AbstractIntrauterine exposure of term and premature infants to infection/inflammation may increase the risk of perinatal brain injury, which may be more serious than that incurred by interpartum exposure to hypoxia–ischemia (HI). Many microorganisms, including certain viruses, protozoa, and bacteria, have been linked to this injury. In regard to the mechanisms of intrauterine infection‐triggered brain injury, the inflammatory risk factors such as cytokines play a central role. The inflammation signal is likely transmitted across the blood–brain barrier and initiates a neuroinflammatory response. Studies have reported that polymorphism of cytokine genes also has been implicated in perinatal brain injury. Moreover, inflammation and HI may be synergistically involved in this process. Although the relationship between inflammation and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome in affected infants is slowly being elucidated, the literature contains scant evidence of measures that can improve fetal neurologic outcome. Several pharmacologic molecules such as magnesium sulphate, erythropoietin, and corticosteroids as a neuroprotective agent for the fetus need further investigation.