bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 1 is associated with cytomegalovirus and age
Authors: Stowe Raymond P. , Peek M. Kristen , Cutchin Malcolm P. , Goodwin James S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractRecent studies have shown that cytomegalovirus (CMV) may be an emerging marker of immunosenescence. CMV can affect the immune system by directly infecting leukocytes and hematopoietic cells or by eliciting an expansion of oligoclonal CD8+ T cells/contraction of the naïve T cell compartment that may reduce the host's ability to fight other pathogens. To investigate further CMV‐associated changes in immunity, a study was conducted with 1,454 adults (ages 25–91) to determine the association between CMV and reactivation of another latent herpesvirus, Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1), as indexed by antibody titers. Elevated antibody titers to latent HSV‐1 were significantly associated with both CMV seropositivity and high CMV antibody levels. Evaluation by specific age groups (<45, 45–64, and 65+ years old) revealed that this association was detectable early in life (<45 years of age). Increases in HSV‐1 antibodies by age occurred in CMV seropositive individuals but not CMV seronegative subjects. Within CMV seropositive subjects, increases in HSV‐1 antibodies by age were only found in individuals with low CMV antibody levels as those with high CMV antibodies already exhibited elevated HSV‐1 antibodies. These associations remained significant after accounting for body mass index, gender, and socioeconomic status. These results suggest that CMV can influence the immune response to another pathogen and support the concept that CMV may accelerate immunosenescence. J. Med. Virol. 84:1797–1802, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Potential of animal nutrition to decrease the saturated fatty acids in meat and milk
Authors: Moloney Aidan P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMedical authorities recommend that energy intake from saturated fatty acids (SFA) should not exceed 10% of total energy intake. Milk and meat, because of their relatively high SFA concentration and level of consumption, make a large contribution to human SFA consumption. Strategies to decrease the SFA content in meat and milk include inclusion of forage in the ration of ruminants and supplementation of dietary intake of ruminants and monogastrics with unsaturated fatty acid‐rich oilseeds, fish oil or marine algae. The influences of these manipulations will be illustrated and the likely future trends in the SFA content of meat and milk will be suggested.
A Core@sheath Nanofibrous Separator for Lithium Ion Batteries Obtained by Coaxial Electrospinning
Authors: Liu Zhihong , Jiang Wen , Kong Qingshan , Zhang Chuanjian , Han Pengxian , Wang Xuejiang , Yao Jianhua , Cui Guanglei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA composite core@sheath nanofibrous separator for lithium ion batteries is fabricated via coaxial electrospinning, using thermosetting PI as the core material and PVDF‐HFP as the sheath material. It is demonstrated that the PI@PVDF‐HFP nonwovens display remarkably improved tensile strength up to 53 MPa and high thermal stability up to 300 °C. The electrochemical characterization shows that cells using core@sheath nonwovens as separators display better rate capability and better cycling capacity retention. Considerable mechanical strength, higher thermal stability and preferable rate capability might make this kind of core@sheath nonwovens promising separators for higher‐power application. magnified image
Progress in Computer Simulation of Bulk, Confined, and Surface‐initiated Polymerizations
Authors: Bain Erich D. , Turgman‐Cohen Salomon , Genzer Jan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this article we provide a brief summary of computational techniques applied to investigate polymerization reactions in general, with a focus on systems under confinement and initiated from surfaces. We concentrate on two major classes of techniques, i.e., stochastic methods and molecular modeling. We describe the major principles of the two classes of methodologies and point out their strengths and weaknesses. We review a variety of studies from the literature and conclude with an outlook of these two classes of computer simulation approaches as they are applied to “grafting from” polymerizations. magnified image
Trimming long‐term tunneled central venous catheters in pediatric patients
Authors: Inserra Alessandro , Crocoli Alessandro , Conforti Andrea , De Petris Laura , Jenkner Alessandro 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLong‐term tunneled central venous catheters (CVC) are employed in critically ill patients. Manufacturers do not provide patient‐customized devices; therefore, trimming is required for pediatric use. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) was used to assess changes induced by different trimming methods on single and double lumen Hickman–Broviac catheters. Increased roughness, exposure of inorganic macroaggreagates and increase in surface inorganic charges were generated by the trimming procedure, with the scalpel producing a smoother surface compared to scissors. Trimming produces changes on the CVC surface that may influence the rate of long‐term complications. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013; 60: 152–155. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Absence of oncogenic canonical pathway mutations in aggressive pediatric rhabdoid tumors
Authors: Kieran Mark W. , Roberts Charles W.M. , Chi Susan N. , Ligon Keith L. , Rich Benjamin E. , MacConaill Laura E. , Garraway Levi A. , Biegel Jaclyn A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundRhabdoid tumors (also called atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT) in the brain), are highly malignant, poor prognosis lesions arising in the kidneys, soft tissues, and central nervous system. Targeted therapy in this disease would benefit from advanced technologies detecting relevant actionable mutations.ProcedureHere we report on the evaluation of 25 tumors, all with known SMARCB1/INI1 alterations, for the presence of 983 different mutations in 115 oncogenes and tumor‐suppressor genes using OncoMap, a mass spectrometric method of allele detection.ResultsOther than mutations in SMARCB1, our results identified a single activating mutation in NRAS and complete absence of oncogenic mutations in all other genes tested.ConclusionThe absence of mutations in canonical pathways critical for development and progression of adult cancers suggests that distinct mechanisms drive these highly malignant pediatric tumors. This may limit the therapeutic utility of available targeted therapies and require a refocusing toward developmental and epigenetic pathways. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1155–1157. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Exercise testing in children: Comparison in ventilatory thresholds changes with interval‐training
Authors: Mucci Patrick , Baquet Georges , Nourry Cédric , Deruelle Fabien , Berthoin Serge , Fabre Claudine 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe aim of this investigation was, first, to examine comparatively the changes in first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) and, secondly, to compare with peak oxygen uptake (${\dot {\rm {V}}}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} {\rm peak}} $) changes following high‐intensity interval training (HIT) in prepubescent children. Eighteen prepubescent children (aged 10.1 ± 0.7 years) performed an incremental exhaustive exercise on a cycle ergometer with pulmonary gas exchange measurements before and after an 8‐week period. During this period, nine children (five girls and four boys; initial ${\dot {\rm {V}}}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} {\rm peak}} $: 39.6 ± 6.0 ml O2 · min−1 · kg−1) took part in a HIT and nine other children (three girls and six boys; initial ${\dot {\rm {V}}}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} {\rm peak}} $: 39.8 ± 7.8 ml O2 · min−1 · kg−1), considered as controls, were not trained. After the training period, VT1, VT2, and ${\dot {\rm {V}}}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} {\rm peak}} $ were significantly (P < 0.01) improved (21%, 24%, and 14%, respectively) without significant changes in the control group. However, the changes in VT1 (ΔVT1 = +4.35 ± 4.36 ml O2 · min−1 · kg−1), VT2 (ΔVT1 = +7.17 ± 5.17 ml O2 · min−1 · kg−1), ${\dot {\rm {V}}}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} {\rm peak}} $ ($\Delta {\dot {\rm {V}}}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} {\rm peak}} $ = +5.51 ± 4.17 ml O2 · min−1 · kg−1) induced by HIT in trained children were not related. In conclusion, for prepubescent children, in addition to VT1 and ${\dot {\rm {V}}}_{{\rm O}_{{\rm 2}} {\rm peak}} $, VT2 can also be significantly improved by training. Therefore, HIT represents a good way to obtain great improvement in these parameters in only 8 weeks. However, the time courses of these aerobic fitness parameters are dissociated, which implies the need to differentiate among them during aerobic fitness exercise testing. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:809–816. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Respiratory health outcomes 1 year after admission with severe lower respiratory tract infection
Authors: Trenholme A.A. , Byrnes C.A. , McBride C. , Lennon D.R. , Chan‐Mow F. , Vogel A.M. , Stewart J.M. , Percival T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSevere lower respiratory infection (LRI) is believed to be one precursor of protracted bacterial bronchitis, chronic moist cough (CMC), and chronic suppurative lung disease. The aim of this study was to determine and to describe the presence of respiratory morbidity in young children 1 year after being hospitalized with a severe LRI. Children aged less than 2 years admitted from August 1, 2007 to December 23, 2007 already enrolled in a prospective epidemiology study (n = 394) were included in this second study only if they had a diagnosis of severe bronchiolitis or of pneumonia with no co‐morbidities (n = 237). Funding allowed 164 to be identified chronologically, 131 were able to be contacted, and 94 agreed to be assessed by a paediatrician 1 year post index admission. Demographic information, medical history and a respiratory questionnaire was recorded, examination, pulse oximetry, and chest X‐ray (CXR) were performed. The predetermined primary endpoints were; (i) history of CMC for at least 3 months, (ii) the presence of moist cough and/or crackles on examination in clinic, and (iii) an abnormal CXR when seen at a time of stability. Each CXR was read by two pediatric radiologists blind to the individuals' current health. Results showed 30% had a history of CMC, 32% had a moist cough and/or crackles on examination in clinic, and in 62% of those with a CXR it was abnormal. Of the 81 children with a readable follow‐up X‐ray, 11% had all three abnormal outcomes, and 74% had one or more abnormal outcomes. Three children had developed bronchiectasis on HRCT. The majority of children with a hospital admission at <2 years of age for severe bronchiolitis or pneumonia continued to have respiratory morbidity 1 year later when seen at a time of stability, with a small number already having sustained significant lung disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:772–779. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of Cry34/35Ab1 corn on the survival and development of western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
Authors: Rudeen Melissa L , Gassmann Aaron J 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundThe western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is a major agricultural pest that is managed with transgenic corn, Zea mays L., expressing genes from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt). The effects of Bt corn producing Cry34/35Ab1 (event DAS‐59122–7) and entomopathogens on the survival and development of larval D. v. virgifera were examined in laboratory, field and greenhouse experiments.ResultsLarvae preferred non‐Bt over Bt corn in a laboratory experiment, and there was higher recovery from non‐Bt corn than from Bt corn in a field experiment. In a greenhouse study, survival at 17 days did not differ significantly among non‐Bt corn, Bt corn and a blend of Bt and non‐Bt corn, but development was delayed on Bt corn. Older larvae fed non‐Bt corn had lower survival when entomopathogenic nematodes were added, but no other effects of pathogen were detected.ConclusionBt corn producing Cry34/35Ab1 delayed larval development of D. v. virgifera and deterred feeding. In a mixture of Bt and non‐Bt corn, larval development and survival were similar to non‐Bt corn alone, suggesting that non‐Bt plants in a blended refuge or a pure stand may produce a similar number of adult insects, and that timing of adult emergence may also be similar. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Origin of photoinduced defects in glassy As2S3 under band gap illumination studied by Raman scattering: A revisory approach
Authors: Yannopoulos S. N. , Andrikopoulos K. S. , Kastrissios D. Th. , Papatheodorou G. N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe report on a detailed study of the photostructural changes in bulk glassy As2S3 under vacuum using Raman scattering. Various excitation energies were employed to achieve resonance and off‐resonance conditions. Temperature‐induced structural changes were also investigated at conditions far from resonance, in order to clarify the role of bandgap light on the induced structural changes. Bandgap illumination induces structural changes much stronger than those reported up to now for this glass. The absence of oxygen is considered as a possible cause of this observation. The kinetics of the structural changes was monitored in the course of bandgap illumination and the role of in situ annealing was considered. The formation of As–As bonds is the main light‐induced structural change, which if contemplated together with the absence of S–S bond formation points to the failure of models adopting realgar‐type structures and calls for new structural defects based on centers with increased coordination number. The vibrational features of few such defects based on over‐coordinated As centers are discussed in conjunction with the present experimental findings.
Effects of germanium doping on the boron‐oxygen complex formation in silicon solar cells
Authors: Tanay Florent , Dubois Sébastien , Enjalbert Nicolas , Veirman Jordi , Gidon Pierre , Périchaud Isabelle 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe light‐induced degradation (LID) due to the boron–oxygen (B–O) complexes is particularly harmful for solar cells made from the boron‐doped p ‐type Czochralski silicon (Cz‐Si). Many studies focused on this phenomenon and some processes have been proposed to reduce it. Recently, Cz‐Si voluntarily doped with germanium (Ge) was used to inhibit the effect of the B–O complexes activation. We studied here both conventional Cz‐Si (CZ) and Ge‐doped Cz‐Si (GCZ), and compared their sensitivity to the LID. The first result was that solar cells produced with GCZ had the same performances than solar cells made with CZ despite the impurities like iron unintentionally introduced in GCZ by the Ge powder. Then, we found that the degradation under illumination of the efficiency was lower in GCZ only for the solar cells produced from the last solidified part of the ingot (where the Ge content is the highest). These differences were correlated with the amount of interstitial oxygen (Oi) which was found to be lower for the GCZ wafer, possibly due to the formation of Ge–Oi related defects and/or to Ge‐enhanced oxygen precipitation effects. At the cell level, we also compared the kinetics of the LID in both materials and confirmed that the degradation was slower in GCZ. Finally, we showed that the mechanism of lightinduced regeneration (LIR) also occurs in GCZ solar cells, with similar kinetics with respect to conventional Cz‐Si cells (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of porous silicon passivation layer and TiO2 coating on the optoelectronic properties of multicrystalline Si substrate
Authors: Janene N. , Hajjaji A. , Ben Rabha M. , El Khakani M. A. , Bessais B. , Gaidi M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this work a novel passivation technique is proposed for multicrystalline silicon wafers for the purpose of solar cell application. The new method combines the use of double treatment based on porous Si and TiO2 passivation. Porous silicon (PS) was prepared by electrochemical anodization of multi crystalline substrates (mc‐Si) under different conditions of current density (The current density used is between 3 and 50 mA/cm2). It was demonstrated that the porosity increases with increasing current density from 27, 66% to 81%. TiO2 nanoparticles with different nanometric sizes were incorporated inside pores by the way of the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The deposited layers have been characterized by spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. It was found that the binary structure of TiO2/PS minimizes the average reflectivity of the mc‐Si substrates from 36% for bare multi crystalline silicon to around 14% for treated substrate. The TiO2/porous Si treated samples present high photoluminescence intensity and an enhancement of the optoelectronic properties. As a result the effective minority carrier lifetime shows a strong improvement after the combined treatment (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Distributed access control policies for spectrum sharing
Authors: Baldini Gianmarco , Fovino Igor Nai , Braghin Stefano , Trombetta Alberto 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTCognitive radio is a novel wireless communication technology that allows for adaptive configuration of the reception parameters of a terminal, based on the information collected from the environment. Cognitive radio technology can be used in innovative spectrum management approaches such as spectrum sharing, where radio frequency spectral bands can be shared among various users through a dynamic exclusive‐use spectrum access model. Spectrum sharing can be applied to various scenarios in the commercial, public safety and military domain. In some scenarios, spectrum sharing demands a mechanism for expressing and enforcing access control policies for the allocation of resources including spectral bands. The access control polices should state what are the available resources (e.g., transmission/reception bandwidths), what are the users that are allowed to access them and under what conditions. However, because of the intrinsically highly dynamic nature of specific scenarios (e.g., public safety, military), where parties with various levels of authority may suddenly appear, it may be difficult to establish in advance what are the most suitable access control policies. Trust negotiation is a well‐known approach for expressing and enforcing distributed access control policies that depend on two or more parties. In this work, we present a trust negotiation‐based framework that allows for the definition of highly expressive and flexible distributed access control policies for the allocation of spectrum resources. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Needle‐knife precut papillotomy with a small incision over a pancreatic stent improves the success rate and reduces the complication rate in difficult biliary cannulations
Authors: Kubota Kensuke , Sato Takamitsu , Kato Shingo , Watanabe Seitaro , Hosono Kunihiro , Kobayashi Noritoshi , Hisatomi Kantaro , Matsuhashi Nobuyuki , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundSuccessful precut sphincterotomy (PS) in difficult biliary cannulation (DBC) requires a large incision for deroofing the papilla. However, the high complication rate poses a substantial problem, in addition to the need for expert skills. Pancreatic stent placement could facilitate this procedure. Needle‐knife precut papillotomy with a small incision using a layer‐by‐layer method over a pancreatic stent (NKPP‐SIPS) could potentially improve the success rate and reduce the complication rate of PS.AimsTo validate the efficacy, feasibility and safety of NKPP‐SIPS in DBC.MethodsTherapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with a naïve papilla was performed in 1619 cases between May 2004 and July 2011. We prospectively divided the patients chronologically, in terms of the period during which the procedure was performed, into two groups: group A; needle‐knife precut papillotomy (NKPP) performed between April 2004 and October 2006; group B; NKPP‐SIPS performed between November 2006 and July 2011. The success rates and complication rates were evaluated. NKPP was performed without pancreatic stent placement and the cut was made starting at the papillary orifice, extended upward over a length of more than 5—10 mm for deroofing the papilla. On the other hand, in NKPP‐SIPS, a pancreatic stent was placed initially as a guide, and to prevent post‐ERCP pancreatitis, the incision was begun at the papillary orifice in a layer‐by‐layer fashion and extended upward in 1—2 mm increments, not going beyond the oral protrusion, finally measuring less than 5 mm in length.ResultsPS was performed in 8.3 % of the patients (134/1619). The cannulation success rate of PS in the entire group was 94.0 % (126/134). NKPP and NKPP‐SIPS were performed in 36 and 98 of the patients, respectively. There was one case of major bleeding in group A, and no severe complications in group B. The success rates of bile duct cannulation increased from 86.1 % (31/36) in group A to 96.9 % (95/98) in group B (p = 0.0189). The overall complication rate of PS was YC 33 % (12/36) in group A (major bleeding 8.3 %; mild to moderate pancreatitis 19.4 %; perforation requiring surgery 2.8 %), and 7.1 % (7/98) in group B (mild to moderate pancreatitis 6.1 %; minor perforation 1 %) (p < 0.001).ConclusionsNKPP‐SIPS has significantly improved the success rate and reduced the complication rate of DBC, proving that a small incision starting at the orifice of the PS is sufficient, feasible and safe in DBC, when a pancreatic stent is inserted at the outset.
The role of Bayesian philosophy within Bayesian model selection
Authors: Sprenger Jan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBayesian model selection has frequently been the focus of philosophical inquiry (e.g., Forster, Br J Philos Sci 46:399–424, 1995; Bandyopadhyay and Boik, Philos Sci 66:S390–S402, 1999; Dowe et al., Br J Philos Sci 58:709–754, 2007). This paper argues that Bayesian model selection procedures are very diverse in their inferential target and their justification, and substantiates this claim by means of case studies on three selected procedures: MML, BIC and DIC. Hence, there is no tight link between Bayesian model selection and Bayesian philosophy. Consequently, arguments for or against Bayesian reasoning based on properties of Bayesian model selection procedures should be treated with great caution.