bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Never Too Old For an Autogenous Dialysis Fistula? Results of Endovascular Interventions in Nonagenarians
Authors: Azevedo Pedro N. , Turmel‐Rodrigues Luc 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe number of elderly patients in hemodialysis has increased in recent years and nowadays there are significant numbers of nonagenarians. However, there is currently no information in the literature about arteriovenous fistula (AVF) outcomes in patients aged over 90 years after endovascular treatment for stenosis or thrombosis. This retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data included 38 consecutive patients aged over 90 years who were referred for endovascular evaluation and treatment of AVF nonmaturation (n = 11), dysfunction (n = 25), or thrombosis (n = 2) between 2005 and 2013. Median age was 93.9 years, and 24% were diabetic and 47% hypertensive patients. Immature and dysfunctional AVFs were treated by angioplasty, thrombosed fistulas by thromboaspiration. Fistula patency rates were calculated according to the Life‐Table method. The immediate overall clinical success rate was 97.4%. Complications included four transient dilation‐induced ruptures. Stents were placed for rupture control (n = 3) and major elastic recoil (n = 3), and to rectify a basilic vein pseudoaneurysm developed after dilation. Mean follow‐up was 62.6 months. Primary patency rates were 60% and 43% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Secondary patency rates were 95% and 92% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Patency rates were not significantly different between immature and dysfunctional AVFs. Endovascular treatment of AVF complications appears to be a valuable approach in nonagenarian patients in view of the low invasiveness, low complication rate, and relatively good long‐term patency rates.
Gender Labor, Assimilationism, and Transformative Practices: The Relational Negotiations of Cisgender Women and their Transgender Men Partners
Authors: Franklin Kolbe 
Published: June 2014

AbstractDespite the rise in research on the experiences of transgender men (female‐to‐male, FTM) in recent years, little academic attention has been paid to the partners of these individuals. The experiences of a large portion of this population, cisgender women whose partners transition from female to male, provide a unique perspective on how individuals negotiate performances of normative gender ideals and heteronormative practices in transitioning non‐normative relationships. Research has shown that when these cisgender women find themselves in relationships that are socially defined as heterosexual, they often begin questioning their sexual orientation in relation to their partner's gender identity as well as the role and applicability of their beliefs regarding gender equality and anti‐heteronormative practices. This article provides an overview of the current literature that addresses the enactment of gender labor, the practice of reaffirming another person's gender through physical, emotional, and sexual care, by cisgender women whose partners transition from female to male. Specific focus is given to how, in some situations, the performance of gender labor manifests in assimilationist ways that adhere to typically heteronormative frameworks as well as how, in others, the performance of gender labor manifests in potentially transformative and destabilizing ways that serve to challenge normative structures. Gaps in the existing literature as well as directions for future research are also explored.
Race for Cures: Rethinking the Racial Logics of ‘Trust’ in Biomedicine
Authors: Benjamin Ruha 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article examines the normative underpinnings of ‘trust talk’, asking how biomedical discourse constructs racial group boundaries and what implications this has for our understanding of the politics of medicine more broadly. Drawing upon a 2‐year multi‐method study of the world's largest stem cell research initiative and extending key insights from the sociology of race–ethnicity and social studies of science and medicine, this paper identifies three ways in which discourse in the stem cell field constructs racial group boundaries – through diversity outreach, clinical gatekeeping, and charismatic collaborations. In so doing, the paper also explicates counter‐narratives – medical racial profiling, subversive whiteness, and biopolitical minstrelsy – as forms of discursive resistance that challenge the normative underpinnings of recruitment discourse.
Information and Communication Technology Use and Social Connectedness over the Life Course
Authors: Chesley Noelle , Johnson Britta E. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractTechnological innovation and adoption is, at root, a social process that unfolds over time. In this review, we connect ideas from life course and technology studies to examine social connectedness among youth, working age, and older adults. We argue that a sensitivity to key life course themes – especially timing and transitions, linked lives, and social and historical context – in studies examining the implications of technological innovation and social connectedness will generate deeper understanding of the role that technology use plays in shaping social life.
Black Authenticity: Defining the Ideals and Expectations in the Construction of “Real” Blackness
Authors: Nguyen Jenny , Anthony Amanda Koontz 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis review presents an overview of research on Black authenticity. As the definition of Black authenticity is often not made explicit in literature, the complexity and nuance of this cultural resource can be overlooked. We explore two trends of Black authenticity present within literature, which we label as commodifying realness and legitimating membership. Beyond offering a working definition and review of these trends, this review also attempts to highlight the importance of the interconnectedness between controlling images and individuals' negotiations of Black authenticity. We conclude by summarizing the importance of studying Black authenticity and suggesting future directions for research.
Mental Illness and the Criminal Justice System
Authors: Vogel Matt , Stephens Katherine D. , Siebels Darby 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis is the second essay in a two‐part series exploring the relationships between mental illness, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system. The number of mentally ill persons in prisons and jails has increased substantially over the last several decades, and there are currently more people with mental illness behind bars than there are in mental hospitals. In this essay, we place these trends within a broader historical context of the social control of mental illness in the United States. We identify how and why mentally ill persons have come to be overrepresented in the criminal justice system and highlight the unique challenges this population poses for police, courts, and correctional facilities. Finally, we review several recent innovations in policy and practice that may help alleviate that burden of criminal justice involvement on mentally ill offenders, as well as the burden of mentally ill offenders on the criminal justice system.
The Sociology of Innovation: Organizational, Environmental, and Relative Perspectives
Authors: Dahlin Eric C. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractInnovation is risky. New products and firms are subject to high failure rates. To minimize the risk associated with innovation, most scholars agree that firms should engage simultaneously in two types of activities: exploring new alternatives and exploiting existing competencies. Firms that simultaneously engage in explorative and exploitative activities are called ambidextrous organizations. Research on ambidextrous organizations, however, inadequately considers the importance of the environment in which organizations operate for innovation success. The sociological view of innovation fills this gap by emphasizing the importance of social context for explaining innovative outcomes. The sociology of innovation highlights, first, the structural arrangements – characteristics of social networks, organizations, and institutions – that influence innovation and, second, the relative nature of innovation – whether an object is considered novel depends on one's vantage point. Drawing on the relative view of innovation, I develop a typology that outlines several paths to innovation with respect to two vantage points: the organization and the environment. I argue that minimizing the risks associated with innovation is most likely to occur when firms follow the path of innovation that consists of generating novel solutions that simultaneously exploit knowledge and resources that are both available to the firmandin the firm's environment.
The Sociology of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Authors: Gale Nicola 
Published: June 2014

AbstractComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and traditional medicine (TM) are important social phenomena. This article reviews the sociological literature on the topic. First, it addresses the question of terminology, arguing that the naming process is a glimpse into the complexities of power and history that characterize the field. Second, focusing on the last 15 years of scholarship, it considers how sociological research on users and practitioners of TM/CAM has developed in that time. Third, it addresses two newer strands of work termed here the ‘big picture’ and the ‘big question’. The big picture includes concepts that offer interpretation of what is happening at a societal level to constrain and enable observed patterns of social practice (pluralism, integration, hybridity and activism). The big question, ‘Does it work?’, is one of epistemology and focuses on two developing fields of critical enquiry – first, social critiques of medical science knowledge production and, second, attempts to explain the nature of interventions, i.e. how they work. Finally, the article examines the role of sociology moving forward.
Prenatal Screening for Down's Syndrome: Parent and Healthcare Practitioner Experiences
Authors: Thomas Gareth M. 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article reviews research on both parent and healthcare practitioner experiences of prenatal screening for Down's syndrome. Whilst studies on Down's syndrome screening are broad in scope and diverge in theoretical and epistemological foundations, their core focus can be classified into two main and intertwining categories: (i) the decision‐making practices of expectant parents and why they do/do not participate in screening and (ii) the interactions between parents and practitioners, particularly the discrepancies of knowledge and the pursuit of “informed choice” and “non‐directive care.” To conclude, I highlight current knowledge gaps and the areas of substantial interest for future critical sociological engagements.
Nation in Market Times: Connecting the National and the Commercial. A Research Overview
Authors: Kania‐Lundholm Magdalena 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the growing body of research pertaining to different forms of mediated nationhood. In particular, it focuses on the relatively recent trend toward increasing articulations of national identity with the language of consumerism and neoliberal market ideology. It argues that the process is twofold; on the one hand commercial entities employ nationalist appeals in order to sell their commodities, a process which is called “nationalizing the commercial”. On the other hand, nation states make advantage of advertising agencies to create attractive and competitive nation brands which is a process of “commercializing the national”. The article argues that this double logic is a result of the growing importance of the economic power in societies which can be named as " economization of the social" . In the context where the political articulations of nationhood are subsumed by the commercial ones, the link between the national and the commercial is seldom challenged or questioned.
Thinking in Words: Language as an Embodied Medium of Thought
Authors: Dove Guy 
Published: June 2014

AbstractRecently, there has been a great deal of interest in the idea that natural language enhances and extends our cognitive capabilities. Supporters of embodied cognition have been particularly interested in the way in which language may provide a solution to the problem of abstract concepts. Toward this end, some have emphasized the way in which language may act as form of cognitive scaffolding and others have emphasized the potential importance of language‐based distributional information. This essay defends a version of the cognitive enhancement thesis that integrates and builds on both of these proposals. I argue that the embodied representations associated with language processing serve as a supplementary medium for conceptual processing. The acquisition of a natural language provides a means of extending our cognitive reach by giving us access to an internalized combinatorial symbol system that augments and supports the context‐sensitive embodied representational systems that exist independently of language.
Action and Language Integration: From Humans to Cognitive Robots
Authors: Borghi Anna M. , Cangelosi Angelo 
Published: June 2014

AbstractThe topic is characterized by a highly interdisciplinary approach to the issue of action and language integration. Such an approach, combining computational models and cognitive robotics experiments with neuroscience, psychology, philosophy, and linguistic approaches, can be a powerful means that can help researchers disentangle ambiguous issues, provide better and clearer definitions, and formulate clearer predictions on the links between action and language. In the introduction we briefly describe the papers and discuss the challenges they pose to future research. We identify four important phenomena the papers address and discuss in light of empirical and computational evidence: (a) the role played not only by sensorimotor and emotional information but also of natural language in conceptual representation; (b) the contextual dependency and high flexibility of the interaction between action, concepts, and language; (c) the involvement of the mirror neuron system in action and language processing; (d) the way in which the integration between action and language can be addressed by developmental robotics and Human‐Robot Interaction.
Knowledge Translation Strategies for Enhancing Nurses’ Evidence‐Informed Decision Making: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yost Jennifer , Thompson David , Ganann Rebecca , Aloweni Fazila , Newman Kristine , McKibbon Ann , Dobbins Maureen , Ciliska Donna 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundNurses are increasingly expected to engage in evidence‐informed decision making (EIDM); the use of research evidence with information about patient preferences, clinical context and resources, and their clinical expertise in decision making. Strategies for enhancing EIDM have been synthesized in high‐quality systematic reviews, yet most relate to physicians or mixed disciplines. Existing reviews, specific to nursing, have not captured a broad range of strategies for promoting the knowledge and skills for EIDM, patient outcomes as a result of EIDM, or contextual information for why these strategies “work.”AimTo conduct a scoping review to identify and map the literature related to strategies implemented among nurses in tertiary care for promoting EIDM knowledge, skills, and behaviours, as well as patient outcomes and contextual implementation details.MethodsA search strategy was developed and executed to identify relevant research evidence. Participants included registered nurses, clinical nurse specialists, nurse practitioners, and advanced practice nurses. Strategies were those enhancing nurses’ EIDM knowledge, skills, or behaviours, as well as patient outcomes. Relevant studies included systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, cluster randomized controlled trials, non‐randomized trials (including controlled before and after studies), cluster non‐randomized trials, interrupted time series designs, prospective cohort studies, mixed‐method studies, and qualitative studies. Two reviewers performed study selection and data extraction using standardized forms. Disagreements were resolved through discussion or third party adjudication.ResultsUsing a narrative synthesis, the body of research was mapped by design, clinical areas, strategies, and provider and patient outcomes to determine areas appropriate for a systematic review.ConclusionsThere are a sufficiently high number of studies to conduct a more focused systematic review by care settings, study design, implementation strategies, or outcomes. A focused review could assist in determining which strategies can be recommended for enhancing EIDM knowledge, skills, and behaviours among nurses in tertiary care.
CD4 Ligation on Human Blood Monocytes Triggers Macrophage Differentiation and Enhances HIV Infection
Authors: Zhen Anjie , Krutzik Stephan R. , Levin Bernard R. , Kasparian Saro , Zack Jerome A. , Kitchen Scott G. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACTA unique aspect of human monocytes, compared to monocytes from many other species, is that they express the CD4 molecule. However, the role of the CD4 molecule in human monocyte development and function is not known. We determined that the activation of CD4 via interaction with major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) triggers cytokine expression and the differentiation of human monocytes into functional mature macrophages. Importantly, we determined that CD4 activation induces intracellular signaling in monocytes and that inhibition of the MAPK and Src family kinase pathways blocked the ability of CD4 ligation to trigger macrophage differentiation. We observed that ligation of CD4 by MHC-II on activated endothelial cells induced CD4-mediated macrophage differentiation of blood monocytes. Finally, CD4 ligation by MHC-II increases the susceptibility of blood-derived monocytes to HIV binding and subsequent infection. Altogether, our studies have identified a novel function for the CD4 molecule on peripheral monocytes and suggest that a unique set of events that lead to innate immune activation differ between humans and mice. Further, these events can have effects on HIV infection and persistence in the macrophage compartment.IMPORTANCEThe CD4 molecule, as the primary receptor for HIV, plays an important role in HIV pathogenesis. There are many cell types that express CD4 other than the primary HIV target, the CD4+T cell. Other than allowing HIV infection, the role of the CD4 molecule on human monocytes or macrophages is not known. We were interested in determining the role of CD4 in human monocyte/macrophage development and function and the potential effects of this on HIV infection. We identified a role for the CD4 molecule in triggering the activation and development of a monocyte into a macrophage following its ligation. Activation of the monocyte through the CD4 molecule in this manner increases the ability of monocytes to bind to and become infected with HIV. Our studies have identified a novel function for the CD4 molecule on peripheral monocytes in triggering macrophage development that has direct consequences for HIV infection.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Glycoprotein H Interacts with Integrin αvβ3 To Facilitate Viral Entry and Calcium Signaling in Human Genital Tract Epithelial Cells
Authors: Cheshenko Natalia , Trepanier Janie B. , González Pablo A. , Eugenin Eliseo A. , Jacobs William R. , Herold Betsy C. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry requires multiple interactions at the cell surface and activation of a complex calcium signaling cascade. Previous studies demonstrated that integrins participate in this process, but their precise role has not been determined. These studies were designed to test the hypothesis that integrin αvβ3 signaling promotes the release of intracellular calcium (Ca
2+
) stores and contributes to viral entry and cell-to-cell spread. Transfection of cells with small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting integrin αvβ3, but not other integrin subunits, or treatment with cilengitide, an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) mimetic, impaired HSV-induced Ca
2+
release, viral entry, plaque formation, and cell-to-cell spread of HSV-1 and HSV-2 in human cervical and primary genital tract epithelial cells. Coimmunoprecipitation studies and proximity ligation assays indicated that integrin αvβ3 interacts with glycoprotein H (gH). An HSV-2 gH-null virus was engineered to further assess the role of gH in the virus-induced signaling cascade. The gH-2-null virus bound to cells and activated Akt to induce a small Ca
2+
response at the plasma membrane, but it failed to trigger the release of cytoplasmic Ca
2+
stores and was impaired for entry and cell-to-cell spread. Silencing of integrin αvβ3 and deletion of gH prevented phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and the transport of viral capsids to the nuclear pore. Together, these findings demonstrate that integrin signaling is activated downstream of virus-induced Akt signaling and facilitates viral entry through interactions with gH by activating the release of intracellular Ca
2+
and FAK phosphorylation. These findings suggest a new target for HSV treatment and suppression.

IMPORTANCE
Herpes simplex viruses are the leading cause of genital disease worldwide, the most common infection associated with neonatal encephalitis, and a major cofactor for HIV acquisition and transmission. There is no effective vaccine. These epidemiological findings underscore the urgency to develop novel HSV treatment or prevention strategies. This study addresses this gap by further defining the signaling pathways the virus usurps to enter human genital tract epithelial cells. Specifically, the study defines the role played by integrins and by the viral envelope glycoprotein H in entry and cell-to-cell spread. This knowledge will facilitate the identification of new targets for the development of treatment and prevention.
Immune Activation Is Associated with CD8 T Cell Interleukin-21 Production in HIV-1-Infected Individuals
Authors: Williams LaTonya D. , Amatya Nilesh , Bansal Anju , Sabbaj Steffanie , Heath Sonya L. , Sereti Irini , Goepfert Paul A. 
Published: June 2014

ABSTRACT
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) can be produced by CD8 T cells from HIV-1-infected individuals and those with autoimmune disease, but the mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that IL-21-producing CD8 T cells are not associated with CD4 depletion and are absent in patients with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. Instead, IL-21 production by CD8 T cells was associated with high levels of activation, suggesting that these cells emerge as a consequence of excessive chronic immune activation rather than CD4 lymphopenia.