bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Optical/Electronic Properties of Sphere–Rod Shape Amphiphiles Based on a [60]FullereneOligofluorene Conjugate
Authors: Teng Fu‐Ai , Cao Yan , Qi Yuan‐Jiang , Huang Mingjun , Han Zhe‐Wen , Cheng Stephen Z. D. , Zhang Wen‐Bin , Li Hui 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA series of sphere–rod shape amphiphiles, in which a [60]fullerene (C60) sphere was connected to the center of an oligofluorene (OF) rod through a rigid linkage (OF‐C60), were designed and synthesized. Alkyl chains of various lengths were attached onto the OFs on both sides of the C60 spheres. These compounds, denoted as alkyl‐OF‐C60, were fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and FTIR spectroscopy and by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. The morphologies and structures of their crystals were elucidated by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and by electron diffraction in transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Butyl‐OF‐C60 forms a monoclinic unit cell (a=1.86, b=3.96, c=2.24 nm; α=γ=90°, β=68°; space group P2), octyl‐OF‐C60 also forms a monoclinic unit cell (a=2.21, b=4.06, c=1.81 nm; α=γ=90°, β=75.5°; space group C2m), and dodecanyl‐OF‐C60 forms a triclinic structure (a=1.82, b=4.35, c=2.26 nm; α=93.1°, β=94.5°, γ=92.7°; space group P1). The inequivalent spheres and rods were found to pack into an alternating layered structure of C60 and OF in the crystals, thus resembling a “double‐cable” structure. UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy revealed an electron perturbation between the two individual chromophores (C60 and OF) in their ground states. Fluorescence spectroscopy exhibited complete fluorescence quenching of their solutions in toluene, thus suggesting an effective energy transfer from OF to C60. Cyclic voltammetry indicated that the energy‐level profiles of C60 and OF remained essentially unchanged. This work has broad implications in terms of understanding the self‐assembly and molecular packing of conjugated materials in crystals and has potential applications in organic field‐effect transistors and bulk heterojunction solar cells.
Sign‐Regressor Adaptive Filtering Algorithms for Markovian Parameters
Authors: Yin G. George , Hashemi Araz , Wang Le Yi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis work is devoted to analyzing adaptive filtering algorithms with the use of sign‐regressor for randomly time‐varying parameters (a discrete‐timeMarkov chain). In accordance with different adaption and transition rates, we analyze the corresponding asymptotic properties of the algorithms. When the adaptation rate is in line with the transition rate, we obtain a limit of aMarkov switched differential equation. When theMarkov chain is slowly changing the parameter process is almost a constant, and we derive a limit differential equation. When theMarkov chain is fast varying, the limit system is again a differential equation that is an average with respect to the stationary distribution of theMarkov chain. In addition to the limit dynamic systems, we obtain asymptotic properties of centered and scaled tracking errors. We obtain mean square errors to illustrate the dependence on the stepsize as well as on the transition rate. The limit distributions in terms of scaled errors are studied by examining certain centered and scaled error sequences.
Highly luminescent and biocompatible, l‐citrulline‐capped ZnS:Mn nanocrystals for rapid screening of metal accumulating Lysinibacillus fusiformis bacteria
Authors: Sajimol Augustine M. , Roselin Alex , Sreevalsa V.G. , Deepa G.D. , Bhat Sarita G. , Jayalekshmi S. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTBiocompatible and highly luminescent manganese doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Mn) nanocrystals of average particle size 10 nm have been synthesized by capping with a novel amino acid ligand, l‐citrulline. Though there are many reports on the bioimaging applications of nanostructured semiconductors, the present study focused on the detection of a special type of metal accumulating bacteria, Lysinibacillus fusiformis. This bacterium has significant applications in the disposal of metal components from industrial effluents. In this context, the detection of this bacterium is quite important and the present work demonstrates a novel technique for this bacterial detection. The synthesized nanocrystals were attached to Lysinibacillus fusiformis and characteristics of the bioconjugated system were studied. The blue shift observed in the ultraviolet‐visible absorption and photoluminescence spectra of the bioconjugated system, confirms conjugation of the Lysinibacillus fusiformis with l‐citrulline‐capped ZnS:Mn. When the bioconjugated system (capped ZnS:Mn + bacteria) was observed using a fluorescent microscope under excitation wavelengths 365.4 nm (ultraviolet), 435.8 nm (blue) and 546.1 nm (green), fluorescence emissions were obtained in yellow, green and red regions respectively. The study of relative growth of Lysinibacillus fusiformis in the presence of l‐citrulline‐capped ZnS:Mn proves biocompatible property of these nanocrystals and their tunable color properties under different excitation wavelengths make them ideal for biolabeling applications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of bulge loop size on DNA triplet repeat domains: Implications for DNA repair and expansion
Authors: Völker Jens , Plum G. Eric , Gindikin Vera , Klump Horst H. , Breslauer Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTRepetitive DNA sequences exhibit complex structural and energy landscapes, populated by metastable, noncanonical states, that favor expansion and deletion events correlated with disease phenotypes. To probe the origins of such genotype–phenotype linkages, we report the impact of sequence and repeat number on properties of (CNG) repeat bulge loops. We find the stability of duplexes with a repeat bulge loop is controlled by two opposing effects; a loop junction‐dependent destabilization of the underlying double helix, and a self‐structure dependent stabilization of the repeat bulge loop. For small bulge loops, destabilization of the underlying double helix overwhelms any favorable contribution from loop self‐structure. As bulge loop size increases, the stabilizing loop structure contribution dominates. The role of sequence on repeat loop stability can be understood in terms of its impact on the opposing influences of junction formation and loop structure. The nature of the bulge loop affects the thermodynamics of these two contributions differently, resulting in unique differences in repeat size‐dependent minima in the overall enthalpy, entropy, and free energy changes. Our results define factors that control repeat bulge loop formation; knowledge required to understand how this helix imperfection is linked to DNA expansion, deletion, and disease phenotypes. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 101: 1–12, 2014.
Molecular Design Principle of All‐organic Dyes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Bong‐Gi , Chung Kyeongwoon , Kim Jinsang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAll‐organic dyes have shown promising potential as an effective sensitizer in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The design concept of all‐organic dyes to improve light‐to‐electric‐energy conversion is discussed based on the absorption, electron injection, dye regeneration, and recombination. How the electron‐donor–acceptor‐type framework can provide better light harvesting through bandgap‐tuning and why proper arrangement of acceptor/anchoring groups within a conjugated dye frame is important in suppressing improper charge recombination in DSSCs are discussed. Separating the electron acceptor from the anchoring unit in the donor–acceptor‐type organic dye would be a promising strategy to reduce recombination and improve photocurrent generation.
Gas/Substrate Fluxes and Microbial Community in Phenol Biodegradation Using an O2‐Based Membrane Biofilm Reactor
Authors: Hanay Özge , Taşkan Ergin , Yıldız Burçin , Hasar Halil , Casey Eoin 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPhenol can be oxidized to the end products when oxygen is used as an electron acceptor. This study evaluated phenol oxidation in an oxygen‐based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR). The system achieved highest oxidation of both phenol and glucose when the phenol loading and glucose loading was ∼4.7 and ∼55 g m−2 day−1, respectively. These conditions were sufficient to prove an O2 flux of at least 46 g O2 m−2 day−1. In the case of feeding solely with phenol, the MBfR accomplished the highest phenol oxidation (∼100%) when the phenol loading was about 5.6 ± 0.9 g m−2 day−1 and the O2 flux was higher than 13.4 ± 2.2 g O2 m−2 day−1. However, higher phenol loading could be compensated by a higher O2 pressure, and the best performance occurred when the phenol loading was 5.6 g m−2 day−1, the O2 pressure was ∼0.54 atm, and hydraulic retention time was 2.5 h. Membrane fouling caused a reduced O2 flux, which led to low phenol‐oxidation efficiency. However, the bacterial population present in MBfR was analyzed by PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and a low biodiversity was found.
Various Coordination Modes of Sulfate by Cyanuric Acid Platform‐Based First‐ and Second‐Generation Urea Receptors
Authors: Dutta Ranjan , Ghosh Pradyut 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCyanuric acid platform‐based first‐generation p‐nitrophenyl‐ (L1), p‐cyanophenyl‐ (L2) and pentafluorophenyl‐ (L3) substituted tris‐ureas and second‐generation p‐nitrophenyl‐functionalized hexakis‐urea receptor (L4) have been synthesized. Detailed solid‐state structural studies on the binding of sulfate to L1, L2 and L4 have been examined thoroughly by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and compared with the binding modes of SO42– to the pentafluorophenyl analogue of the tris‐urea receptor L3 to evaluate the various modes of SO42– binding in this new generation of cyanuric acid platform‐based anion receptors. The crystallographic results show a 1:1 binding pattern between L1 and SO42– through six N–H···O interactions with the three urea moieties of the receptor and one C–H···O interaction with one of the tetrabutylammonium counter cations in complex 1. Thus, this complex shows an uncommon example of a seven‐coordinate SO42–, which is structurally similar to that of the sulfate‐binding protein (SBP). Interestingly, L2 shows a 2:1 host/guest binding pattern with SO42– that generates a dimeric capsular assembly with dimensions of approximately 10.398 Å in complex 2. In this case, each of the oxygen atoms of SO42– forms a trifurcated hydrogen bond with the urea NH groups and thus a total of 12 N–H···O hydrogen‐bonding interactions can be observed for SO42–. In contrast, L3 shows 11 hydrogen‐bonding interactions with the encapsulated SO42– in complex 3 assisted by two nBu4N+ counter cations through six N–H···O and five C–H···O interactions. In the case of the SO42– complex of L4, complex 4 shows 1:1 encapsulation of SO42– in its inner cavity with 10 N–H···O interactions. A binding study of SO42– in solution was performed with L4 in dmso by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). This study also showed a 1:1 binding pattern of SO42– with an association constant of approximately 5.11 (log K). Furthermore, the binding of SO42– in the gas phase was examined by ESI mass spectrometry.
Controlled Growth and Up‐Conversion Improvement of Sodium Yttrium Fluoride Crystals
Authors: Fu Junxiang , Fu Xionghui , Wang Chaomin , Yang Xianfeng , Zhuang Jianle , Zhang Gongguo , Lai Boyuan , Wu Mingmei , Wang Jing 
Published: March 2013

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Jing Wang and Mingmei Wu at Sun Yat‐Sen University. The cover image shows that the up‐conversion emission of hexagonal sodium yttrium fluoride crystals can be greatly enhanced by adding more sodium cations into the channels.
A New Microfluidic Chip‐Based Online Electrochemical Platform for Extracellular Neurochemicals Monitoring in Rat Brain
Authors: Lin Yuqing , Lu Xulin , Gao Xia , Cheng Hanjun , Ohsaka Takeo , Mao Lanqun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this study, we report a simple microfluidic chip‐based technique as an effective online electrochemical platform for continuous monitoring of neurochemicals in rat brain by using ascorbate as an example. To establish the platform for neurochemical monitoring, a single‐channel microfluidic chip is developed into an electrochemical cell by incorporating an indium‐tin oxide (ITO) electrode as working electrode, an Ag/AgCl wire as reference electrode, and a Pt tube as counter electrode. The selective detection of ascorbate is accomplished by dip‐coating single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) onto the ITO electrode. As reported in our early studies, the use of SWNTs largely facilitates the electron transfer of ascorbate, well differentiating the potential for the ascorbate oxidation from those for other kinds of electrochemically active neurochemicals existing in the cerebral systems. With the microfluidic chip‐based electrochemical cell as selective detector, an online electrochemical detecting system is established by directly integrating the microfluidic chip‐based electrochemical detector with in vivo microdialysis. The system is demonstrated to have a good linear response toward ascorbate, high stability, and good in vivo reproducibility and stability. These excellent properties substantially enable this system to be particularly useful for continuous monitoring of ascorbate in rat brain.
Use of Mercury Film Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Electrochemical Analysis of DNA
Authors: Serpi Constantina , Voulgaropoulos Anastasios , Girousi Stella 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMercury film plated on a glassy carbon electrode modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MF/MWNTs/GCE) was used for the analysis of single (ss) and double stranded (ds) DNA, as well as for Jurkat genomic DNAs methylated to different degrees. The results indicated that the DNA molecules adsorbed quite strongly on the MF/MWNTs/GCE surface allowing ex situ adsorption and produce well developed peaks (due to cytosine and adenine) by using adsorptive stripping (Ads, ex situ) square wave voltammetry (SWV). Also, SWV of Jurkat DNA mixtures methylated to different degrees revealed a linear decrease of the peak height with increasing methylation indicating an increase of structural rigidity.
Prospects of doubling global wheat yields
Authors: Hawkesford Malcolm J. , Araus Jose‐Luis , Park Robert , Calderini Daniel , Miralles Daniel , Shen Tianmin , Zhang Jianping , Parry Martin A. J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWhile an adequate supply of food can be achieved at present for the current global population, sustaining this into the future will be difficult in the face of a steadily increasing population, increased wealth and a diminishing availability of fertile land and water for agriculture. This problem will be compounded by the new uses of agricultural products, for example, as biofuels. Wheat alone provides ≥20% of the calories and the protein for the world's population, and the value and need to increase the production is recognized widely. Currently, the world average wheat yield is around 3 t/ha but there is considerable variation between countries, with region‐specific factors limiting yield, each requiring individual solutions. Delivering increased yields in any situation is a complex challenge that is unlikely to be solved by single approaches and a multidisciplinary integrated approach to crop improvement is required. There are three specific major challenges: increasing yield potential, protecting yield potential, and increasing resource use efficiency to ensure sustainability. Since the green revolution, yields at the farm gate have stagnated in many countries, or are increasing at less than half the rate required to meet the projected demand. In some countries, large gains can still be achieved by improvements in agronomy, but in many others the yield gains will only be achieved by further genetic improvement. In this overview, the problems and potential solutions for increased wheat yields are discussed, in the context of specific geographic regions, with a particular emphasis on China. The importance and the prospects for improvement of individual traits are presented. It is concluded that there are opportunities for yield increase but a major challenge will be avoiding a simultaneous increase in resource requirements.
Book Reviews
Authors: HUTCHEON DUNCAN E. 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Kurzes Lehrbuch der Pharmacologie (in German). By G. Kuschinsky and H. Lullmann.Prediction of Response to Pharmacotherapy. J. R. Wittenborn, and Philip R. A. May, Eds. Charles C ThomasOcular Therapy, Complications and Management. Irving H. Leopold.The Therapeutic Use of Antibiotics In Hospital Practice. (Proceedings of a Symposium). Mark Ridley and Ian Phillips. E. & S. LivingstonePesticides in Clinical Practice. Royal Lee Brown. Charles C ThomasDrugs in Neurospastic Disorders. Charles H. Carter and Sarah R. Gustafson.Antihypertensive Therapy — Principals and Practice. F. Gross, Ed.
Book Reviews
Authors: PROCITA LEONARD 
Published: March 2013

Book reviewed in this article:Ensyme Inhibitors as Substrates. W. N. Aldridge.The Role of Membranes in Metabolic Regulation. M. S. Mehlman and R. W. HansonDrugs in Current Use and New Drugs. Walter ModellThe Therapeutic Choice in Pediatrics. W. L. Burland and B. M. LaurenceThe Clinical Significance of the Essential Biological Metals. I. J. T. Davies. Charles C ThomasSpontaneous Hypertension: Its Pathogenesis and Complications. Kozo Okamoto
Biological Evaluation of Some Antimicrobial Nano‐Materials
Authors: Mokhtari Bahram , Pourabdollah Kobra 
Published: March 2013

AbstractN‐(benzothiazol‐2‐yl)‐2‐(piperidin‐1‐yl)acetamide derivatives (1‐24) were obtained by the reaction of 2‐chloro‐N‐(benzothiazole‐2‐yl)acetamides with piperidine derivatives. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by 1H‐NMR and mass spectral data and elemental analysis. The compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activities against pathogenic bacteria and Candida species. The compounds were also investigated for their cytotoxic properties using MTT assay. The microbiological results revealed that the compounds were more effective against fungi than bacteria. Among Candida species, C. utilis was the most susceptible fungus to compounds 7 and 11. It is apparent that 2,6‐dimethylpiperidine group and chloro and methyl substituents on benzothiazole ring have an important impact on anticandidal activity. MTT assay indicated that the effective doses of these derivatives were lower than their cytotoxic doses.
Symmetrical 1,3‐Dialkylimidazolium Based Ionic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Rohini Rondla , Lee Ching‐Kuan , Lu Jung‐Tang , Lin Ivan J. B. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization for a series of symmetrical 1,3‐dialkylimidazolium salts with different chain lengths and counter anions together with their 1‐alkylimidazole precursors are described. Liquid crystal (LC) properties of these salts are studied. Images under polarizing optical microscopy show focal conic texture together with homeotropic domains. A smectic A mesophase, typical for rod‐like imidazolium salts, is assigned. Studies from powder X‐ray diffraction suggest a lamellar structure with noninterdigitated monolayer arrangement for the LC salts in the mesophase. In addition, a short note on the structure and property relationship for rod‐like, disc‐ or fan‐like, and dendritic shaped imidazolium ionic liquid crystals (ImILCs) forming smectic, columnar, and cubic phase is briefly summarized. A comparison of minimum alkyl chain length needed for 1‐alkyl‐3‐methyl and symmetrical 1,3‐dialkyl ImILCs to exhibit LC behavior is addressed.
Synovial fluid concentrations and relative potency of interleukin‐1 alpha and beta in cartilage and meniscus degradation
Authors: McNulty Amy L. , Rothfusz Nicole E. , Leddy Holly A. , Guilak Farshid 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTCartilage degeneration with osteoarthritis (OA) is believed to involve the activities of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), which exists as alpha and beta isoforms. The goal of this study was to measure the concentrations of both isoforms of IL‐1 in the synovial fluid of normal and spontaneously osteoarthritic porcine knees, and to test the hypothesis that physiologic concentrations of IL‐1α and IL‐1β exhibit different potencies in activating calcium signaling, the production of matrix metalloproteinases and nitric oxide, and the loss of proteoglycans and tissue mechanical properties in cartilage and meniscus. Median concentrations of IL‐1α were 0.043 ng/ml with mild OA and 0.288 ng/ml with moderate OA, whereas IL‐1β concentrations were 0.109 ng/ml with mild OA and 0.122 ng/ml with moderate OA. Both isoforms induced calcium signaling in chondrocytes and meniscal cells at all concentrations. Overall, cartilage and meniscus catabolism was significantly more sensitive to IL‐1α than IL‐1β at concentrations of 1 ng/ml or less, while few differences were observed between the two forms at 10 ng/ml. These data provide a range of physiologic IL‐1 concentrations that can serve as a framework for the comparison of various in vitro studies, as well as providing further insight for the development of anti‐cytokine therapies for OA. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1039–1045, 2013
The distribution of vestibular efferent neurons receiving innervation of secondary vestibular afferent nerves in rats
Authors: Wang Jing , Chi Fang‐lu , Xin Yuan , Regner Michael F. 
Published: March 2013

Objectives/HypothesisTo explore the innervation areas of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) afferent neurons onto vestibular efferent neurons in the brain stem of rats.Study DesignA morphology study in the central vestibular system.MethodsTwo neuronal tracers were used. Lectin PHA‐L Conjugates (PHA‐L, Invitrogen L ‐ 11270,) was injected into the MVN as an anterograde tracer, and 5% FluoSpheres carboxylate‐modified microspheres (MFS, Molecular Probe F‐8793) was injected into the contralateral peripheral vestibule using as a retrograde tracer. All animals were allowed to recover for 12 days to facilitate sufficient transportation of the tracers. Then brain stems were sliced coronally on a freezing microtome and observed under a fluorescence microscope and laser confocal microscopy.ResultsNeurons in the MVN labeled with PHA‐L exhibited green fluorescence, and their axons were distributed near the genu of the facial nerve (g7) and in the reticulation structure, as well as in the cerebellum or oculomotor‐related nuclei. Neurons labeled with red fluorescence of MFS were mainly located dorsomedial and dorsolateral to g7 and in the caudal pontine reticular nucleus (PnC) bilaterally and presented different morphologies at different locations. The synaptic junctions would display color overlap (fluoresced yellow). Under three‐dimensional reconstruction of the confocal laser microscopy, the synaptic junctions were visualized dorsomedial and dorsolateral to g7 bilaterally, predominantly ipsilateral to the MVN injection site.ConclusionsMorphologic evidence of the distribution of vestibular efferent neurons synapsed by afferent nerves from MVN was demonstrated. These efferent neurons constitute short closed‐loop circuits with neurons in the MVN.