bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A numerical study to investigate magnetization, current density and trapped field properties of doped‐Sm123 bulk superconductor under different magnetic fields
Authors: Ozturk K. , Patel A. , Glowacki B. A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn this study, an FEM code based on a critical state model is used to further understand the electromagnetic behaviour of Yb211‐doped Sm123 bulk superconductor by calculating the current and magnetic field distributions in doped samples both in uniform and non‐uniform external field conditions. The results of magnetization loops from the numerical modelling have been compared with experimental results and they show a good match. In the numerical calculation result, the highest trapped field value, Bz, is 0.49 T for x = 0.25. In addition, the value of Bz trapped field in a non‐uniform applied field is calculated as 18% larger than in uniform applied field and the current density of samples as a function of radius increase particularly at the sample edge with a non‐uniform applied field for the x = 0.25 sample. It can be said that this numerical method will be a useful candidate to get an easy solution to many electromagnetic problems of doped‐superconductor with complex geometries and in different field conditions as the performed numerical study is successful in clarifying magnetization, trapped field and pinning properties of Yb211‐doped Sm123 superconductor.
Making the semiconductor–metal transition in a growth‐dominant phase‐change alloy InSb for double density blu‐ray super‐RENS‐ROM disc
Authors: Hyot Bérangère 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPhenomenologically, a semiconductor–metal transition is characterized by a sudden change in electrical properties but also in optical behaviours, as a consequence of a change in electron behaviour. The ability to induce a reversible semiconductor–metal transition in a material by varying conditions such as applied temperature or electrical field, results in attractive changes in properties that have fuelled the curiosity of scientists. In this paper, we discuss the interest of such materials exhibiting the reversible semiconductor–metal transition in the development of the next generation of optical Bly‐ray discs (BD), the so‐called super‐resolution near field structure (super‐RENS) discs and we show that InSb semiconductor material exhibits huge variations of its optical properties during the optically (thermally)‐induced solid‐to‐liquid change corresponding to a semiconductor–metal transition. First success in the video playback on HDTV (High Definition TeleVision) display from 50 GB (BD capacity ×2) InSb‐based super‐RENS‐ROM discs including a high definition video content with 1920 × 1080 pixels was realized in September 2009 by the super‐RENS consortium joining three partners: AIST (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology), Mitsubishi Electric Co. and LETI. magnified imageSnapshot of high definition video content from InSb‐based super‐RENS‐ROM disc corresponding to 50 GB per layer (BD capacity ×2) displayed on HDTV.
Switching of morphotropic phase boundary and large electrostrictive effect in lead‐free BNT–BKT–KNN ceramics
Authors: Hao Jigong , Wang Jinwen , Bai Wangfeng , Shen Bo , Zhai Jiwei 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe report the phase diagram of the lead‐free ternary (Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–(Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3–(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 (BNT–BKT–KNN) system and study the switching characteristics of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The addition of KNN intrinsically changes the structural nature of the system with shift of MPB type from (I) to (II), and also adjusts the depolarization temperature (Td) to room temperature. Accordingly, a high electrostrictive response with large electrostrictive coefficient Q33 (∼0.022–0.027 m4/C2) and a good thermostability comparable with that of traditional Pb‐based electrostrictors was achieved in MPB (II) compositions. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coloring graphs from random lists of fixed size
Authors: Casselgren Carl Johan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLet G = G(n) be a graph on n vertices with maximum degree bounded by some absolute constant Δ. Assign to each vertex v of G a list L(v) of colors by choosing each list uniformly at random from all k‐subsets of a color set of size . Such a list assignment is called a random ‐list assignment. In this paper, we are interested in determining the asymptotic probability (as ) of the existence of a proper coloring ϕ of G, such that for every vertex v of G. We show, for all fixed k and growing n, that if , then the probability that G has such a proper coloring tends to 1 as . A similar result for complete graphs is also obtained: if and L is a random ‐list assignment for the complete graph Kn on n vertices, then the probability that Kn has a proper coloring with colors from the random lists tends to 1 as .Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 44, 317‐327, 2014
Graphene: A Reusable Substrate for Unprecedented Adsorption of Pesticides
Authors: Maliyekkal Shihabudheen M. , Sreeprasad T. S. , Krishnan Deepti , Kouser Summayya , Mishra Abhishek Kumar , Waghmare Umesh V. , Pradeep T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractUnprecedented adsorption of chlorpyrifos (CP), endosulfan (ES), and malathion (ML) onto graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) from water is reported. The observed adsorption capacities of CP, ES, and ML are as high as ∼1200, 1100, and 800 mg g−1, respectively. Adsorption is found to be insensitive to pH or background ions. The adsorbent is reusable and can be applied in the field with suitable modifications. A first‐principles pseudopotential‐based density functional analysis of graphene–water–pesticide interactions showed that the adsorption is mediated through water, while direct interactions between graphene and the pesticides is rather weak or unlikely.
Gold Nanoprisms as Optoacoustic Signal Nanoamplifiers for In Vivo Bioimaging of Gastrointestinal Cancers
Authors: Bao Chenchen , Beziere Nicolas , del Pino Pablo , Pelaz Beatriz , Estrada Giovani , Tian Furong , Ntziachristos Vasilis , de la Fuente Jesus M. , Cui Daxiang 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEarly detection of cancer greatly increases the chances of a simpler and more effective treatment. Traditional imaging techniques are often limited by shallow penetration, low sensitivity, low specificity, poor spatial resolution or the use of ionizing radiation. Hybrid modalities, like optoacoustic imaging, an emerging molecular imaging modality, contribute to improving most of these limitations. However, this imaging method is hindered by relatively low signal contrast. Here, gold nanoprisms (AuNPrs) are used as signal amplifiers in multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) to visualize gastrointestinal cancer. PEGylated AuNPrs are successfully internalized by HT‐29 gastrointestinal cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, the particles show good biocompatibility and exhibit a surface plasmon band centered at 830 nm, a suitable wavelength for optoacoustic imaging purposes. These findings extend well to an in vivo setting, in which mice are injected with PEGylated AuNPrs in order to visualize tumor angiogenesis in gastrointestinal cancer cells. Overall, both our in vitro and in vivo results show that PEGylated AuNPrs have the capacity to penetrate tumors and provide a high‐resolution signal amplifier for optoacoustic imaging. The combination of PEGylated AuNPrs and MSOT represents a significant advance for the in vivo imaging of cancers.
Risk of malignancy in unilocular cysts: a study of 1148 adnexal masses classified as unilocular cysts at transvaginal ultrasound and review of the literature
Authors: Valentin L. , Ameye L. , Franchi D. , Guerriero S. , Jurkovic D. , Savelli L. , Fischerova D. , Lissoni A. , Van Holsbeke C. , Fruscio R. , Van Huffel S. , Testa A. , Timmerman D. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of this study was to estimate the rate of malignancy in adnexal lesions described as unilocular cysts at transvaginal ultrasound examination and to investigate if there are differences in clinical and ultrasound characteristics between benign and malignant unilocular cysts.MethodsA total of 3511 patients with an adnexal mass underwent transvaginal ultrasound examination between 1999 and 2007. Sonologists used the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis terms and definitions to describe their ultrasound findings. Only masses operated on within 120  days after the ultrasound examination were included in the analysis and the histopathological diagnosis of the mass was used as the gold standard.ResultsOf the 3511 masses, 1148 (33%) were classified as unilocular cysts on ultrasound. Of these, 11 (0.96% (95% CI, 0.48–1.71)) were malignant. The malignancy rate was lower in premenopausal than in postmenopausal women: 0.54% (5/931; 95% CI, 0.17–1.25) vs 2.76% (6/217; 95% CI, 1.02–5.92); P = 0.009. More patients with malignant unilocular cysts had a personal history of breast cancer (18% vs 2%; P = 0.02) or ovarian cancer (18% vs 0.6%; P = 0.003). Hemorrhagic cyst contents on ultrasound were more common in malignant than in benign unilocular cysts (18% vs 2%; P = 0.03). In seven of the 11 malignancies judged to be unilocular cysts at scan, papillary projections or other solid components were seen at macroscopic inspection of the surgical specimen.ConclusionsThe malignancy rate in surgically removed adnexal lesions judged to be unilocular cysts at transvaginal scan is c 1%. Postmenopausal status, personal history of breast or ovarian cancer and hemorrhagic cyst contents on ultrasound increase the risk of malignancy. To avoid misclassifying adnexal lesions as unilocular cysts at scan, it is important to scrutinize unilocular cysts for the presence of solid components. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimated cardiac output and cardiovascular profile score in fetuses with high cardiac output lesions
Authors: Statile C. J. , Cnota J. F. , Gomien S. , Divanovic A. , Crombleholme T. , Michelfelder E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveHigh cardiac output lesions are associated with an increased risk of fetal death, largely as a result of cardiac failure and hydrops fetalis. The cardiovascular profile score (CVPS) has been used to characterize cardiovascular wellbeing, and has been linked to fetal outcomes in other conditions. We aimed to test the hypothesis that elevated combined cardiac output (CCO) in fetuses with high output lesions may be associated with worsening cardiovascular status, as evidenced by a lower CVPS.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of fetuses with high cardiac output lesions that underwent echocardiography between July 2006 and November 2010. Diagnoses included sacrococcygeal teratoma, placental chorioangioma and vein of Galen aneurysm. Fetal echocardiographic evaluation included assessment of CVPS, as well as Doppler/two‐dimensional estimation of CCO, indexed to estimated fetal weight (CCOi). The relationship between CCO and CVPS was assessed.ResultsA total of 35 fetuses were studied: 27 had sacrococcygeal teratoma, seven had chorioangioma and one had vein of Galen aneurysm. There was a significant inverse relationship between mean logCCOi and CVPS (r2 = 0.48, P = 0.008). Of 31 patients with clinical outcome data, 10 experienced either in‐utero demise or intervention; 80% of these fetuses had a CVPS of < 8.ConclusionsThere is an inverse relationship between CCO and CVPS in the fetus with high cardiac output lesions. As a measure of fetal cardiovascular wellbeing in this population, the CVPS may be a useful tool for stratifying risk and for selection for intervention in these fetuses.
Using virtual simulation in a geographic information system to optimize abundance survey designs when logistic and biological conditions are constrained
Authors: SOUTHWELL COLIN J. , DRIESSEN ROBERT , CANDY STEVEN G. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractEstimating wildlife abundance is central to many resource and ecosystem management problems. Early statistical work on wildlife abundance estimation focused on small‐scale problems, but there is a growing need for such information at large spatial scales. An emerging area of research is the optimization of survey designs and methods for large‐scale inference, given that agencies need to manage over large scales but operate within tight logistic and financial constraints. We used a geographic information system to explore how candidate regional‐scale sample survey designs performed with regard to bias, field efficiency, and potential disturbance using a case study where biological and logistical constraints were severe (a regional‐scale ground survey of Adélie penguins [Pygoscelis adeliae] in Antarctica). Some design options enabled gains of up to 50% in field efficiency and 80% in reduced disturbance without any bias or loss of precision. Biased abundance estimates were obtained when small sub‐colonies were selected as sample units for convenience in counting. Probabilistic sampling using either plots or sub‐colonies returned unbiased estimates. Improvements in field efficiency and reduction in disturbance were achieved in increments through a number of design features. Design decisions often resulted in opposing gains and costs in field efficiency for various survey activities. The optimal outcome of these opposing trends was not obvious without examining the breakdown of overall survey time by activity. Design requirements for optimizing criteria of bias, field efficiency, and disturbance were often opposing and competing. Identifying an optimal overall outcome for these competing criteria depends on their relative importance in the context of the management objectives, logistical constraints, and ethical values. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Three New Lanthanide Coordination Polymers Built from H2bpdc Ligands: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties
Authors: Sun Ya‐Guang , Lv Tian‐Yi , Gao Xin , Xiong Gang , Sun Di , He Ling‐Ling , Xu Zhen‐He , Wang Shu‐Ju , Ding Fu 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThree new lanthanide‐organic coordination polymers, {[Ln2(bpdc)2(H2O)6(NO3)]·NO3} [Ln = La (1), Ce (2), Pr (3)] (H2bpdc = 2, 2′‐bipyridine‐6, 6′‐dicarboxylic acid) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy as well as single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that compounds 1–3 are isostructural, composed of two dimensional honeycomb network linked by bpdc ligands. The magnetic property of compound 3 was investigated.
Synthesis and Characterization of Imidazolium Salts Bearing Fluorinated Anions
Authors: Ibrahim Hamisu , Koorbanally Neil Anthony , Ramjugernath Deresh , Bala Muhammad Dabai , Nyamori Vincent Onserio 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe reaction of 1‐methylimidazole and α,α‐dibromo‐p‐xylene was followed by a metathesis reaction with fluorinated anion sources, which yielded new fluorinated imidazolium salts [C6H4(CH2(C4H6N2)2]2+ 2[A]– where A = BF4 (2), PF6 (3), CF3SO3 (4), and CF3COO (5). The compounds were characterized by 1H‐, 13C‐, 19F‐, 31P NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction data of compounds 2, 3, and 4 were also reported, whereas compound 5 was found to be a liquid. The solid compounds crystallized in the monoclinic P21/c space group and have similar crystallographic parameters. The study revealed that the different fluorinated anions affected the spatial arrangement of atoms and the extent of cation–anion interactions, hence, influenced the stability and coordination properties of the imidazolium salts. A trend was observed which related the strength of cation–anion interaction to physical properties such as melting point.
Thermoelectric Properties of Stoichiometric Compounds in the (SnTe)x(Bi2Te3)y System
Authors: Kuropatwa Bryan A. , Kleinke Holger 
Published: September 2012

AbstractVarious compounds in the (SnTe)x(Bi2Te3)y series are explored by a number of techniques including diffractometry and physical property measurements. Through variation in the x and y integers, one is able to obtain a series of ternary compounds: SnBi2Te4, SnBi4Te7, SnBi6Te10, and Sn2Bi2Te5 each show complex layering motifs similar to that of Bi2Te3. These compounds' increased complexity makes them of interest with respect to thermoelectric studies. The ZT values for cold‐pressed annealed pellets are at room temperature 0.33 for SnBi2Te4, 0.27 for SnBi4Te7, and 0.15 for SnBi6Te10.
Microbial transformations of antimicrobial quinolones and related drugs
Authors: Parshikov Igor A , Sutherland John B 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
The quinolones are an important group of synthetic antimicrobial drugs used for treating bacterial diseases of humans and animals. Microorganisms transform antimicrobial quinolones (including fluoroquinolones) and the pharmacologically related naphthyridones, pyranoacridones, and cinnolones to a variety of metabolites. The biotransformation processes involve hydroxylation of methyl groups; hydroxylation of aliphatic and aromatic rings; oxidation of alcohols and amines; reduction of carboxyl groups; removal of methyl, carboxyl, fluoro, and cyano groups; addition of formyl, acetyl, nitrosyl, and cyclopentenone groups; and cleavage of aliphatic and aromatic rings. Most of these reactions greatly reduce or eliminate the antimicrobial activity of the quinolones.
Heterogeneity and spatial distribution of bacterial background contamination in pulp and process water of a paper mill
Authors: Milferstedt K , Godon J -J , Escudié R , Prasse S , Neyret C , Bernet N 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIdentifying the source and the distribution of bacterial contaminant communities in water circuits of industrial applications is critical even when the process may not show signs of acute biofouling. The endemic contamination of facilities can cause adverse effects on process runability but may be masked by the observed daily variability. The distribution of background communities of bacterial contaminants may therefore be critical in the development of new site-specific antifouling strategies. In a paper mill as one example for a full-scale production process, bacterial contaminants in process water and pulp suspensions were mapped using molecular fingerprints at representative locations throughout the plant. These ecological data were analyzed in the process–engineering context of pulp and water flow in the facilities. Dispersal limits within the plant environment led to the presence of distinct groups of contaminant communities in the primary units of the plant, despite high flows of water and paper pulp between units. In the paper machine circuit, community profiles were more homogeneous than in the other primary units. The variability between sampled communities in each primary unit was used to identify a possible point source of microbial contamination, in this case a storage silo for reused pulp. Part of the contamination problem in the paper mill is likely related to indirect effects of microbial activity under the local conditions in the silo rather than to the direct presence of accumulated microbial biomass.
Modification of VY Flap to Preserve Fingertip Contour
Authors: Foo Tun Lin , Wan Kerry Hiu-Mei 
Published: September 2012

Background VY flap is a reliable treatment for fingertip amputation injuries. Insetting the flap to replicate fingertip contour can be challenging with the conventional method of using sutures. We propose a modification of inset technique with K-wire to simplify contouring during flap inset. Methods Seven patients underwent VY flap reconstruction with the modified inset technique for fingertip defects ranging from 10 × 15 to 20 × 15 mm. The flaps were advanced between 6 and 10 mm and inset with K-wires. The donor site is allowed to heal by secondary intention. At 6 months, static two-point discrimination, sensitivity, and flap appearance were assessed. Results All flaps healed uneventfully, and each patient returned to work between 8 and 10 weeks. Fingertip and nail contour were satisfactory in every case. Conclusion This modification simplified contouring during flap inset and provided a viable alternative to flap inset and contour adjustment.
One‐Step Synthesis of W/O and O/W Emulsifiers in the Presence of Surface Active Agents
Authors: Sadecka Elwira , Szeląg Halina 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe main goal of this study was to describe the method of the synthesis of the dodecyl‐, tetradecyl‐, hexadecyl‐ and octadecyl‐propylene glycol emulsifiers in the presence of selected anionic and nonionic surfactants. Acyl propylene glycol emulsifiers were produced by esterification of propane–1,2‐diol (propylene glycol, PG) with C12:0–C18:0fatty acids in the presence of anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and nonionic‐poly(ethylene glycol) monolaurate (PEGML). The presence of SDS and PEGML in the reaction system caused microemulsion formation. Depending on the structure and amount of the surfactant in the system reactions proceeded at different rates and with different efficiency levels. The esterification of propylene glycol carried out under applied conditions causes products with the desired contents of propylene glycol monoesters (MAPG) to be obtained in a one‐step reaction. Knowledge of the reaction kinetics creates the possibility to program the composition and properties of the synthesized emulsifiers. The interaction of nonionic, lipophilic MAPG with anionic, hydrophilic SDS or nonionic, hydrophilic PEGML influences the hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) values of the products which may be used to stabilize water‐in‐oil (W/O) and oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions. Use of the synthesized compounds allows stable emulsions to be prepared which include the following vegetable fats in the oil phase: mango oil, palm oil, shorea butter and hydrogenated soybean oil.
Effect of partial NaCl substitution with KCl on the texture profile, microstructure, and sensory properties of low-moisture mozzarella cheese
Authors: Ayyash Mutamed M. , Sherkat Frank , Shah Nagendra P. 
Published: September 2012

The effect of partial substitution of NaCl with KCl on texture profile, soluble Ca, K, Na, and P, and microstructure of low-moisture mozzarella cheese (LMMC) was investigated. LMMC batches were prepared using four combinations of NaCl and KCl salt viz., NaCl only, NaCl:KCl, 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 (w/w); all used at of 46 g/kg curd and plasticised in 4% brine containing the above salt mixtures. Texture profile, microstructure, and percentages of soluble Ca, K, Na, and P were determined. There were no significant differences in hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, and gumminess among the experimental LMMC batches. Environmental scanning electron microscopy images showed compact and homogeneous structure of LMMC at day 27 of storage; however, no significant difference was observed among the experimental LMMC batches. Hardness increased significantly in all experimental LMMC during storage. LMMC salted with NaCl/KCl mixtures had almost similar sensory properties compared with the control. There was no significant difference in creaminess, bitterness, saltiness, sour-acid, and vinegary taste among the experimental LMMC at the same storage period.