bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Description of Cystic Ovarian Disease in Argentine Dairy Herds: Risk Factors and Effects on the Reproductive Performance of Lactating Cows
Authors: Cattaneo L , Signorini ML , Bertoli J , Bartolomé JA , Gareis NC , Díaz PU , Bó GA , Ortega HH 
Published: October 2014

ContentsTo describe the epidemiology of cystic ovarian disease (COD), to find possible risk factors associated with the incidence of cysts and to analyse the impact of COD on the reproductive performance of dairy cows, databases from 22 dairy herds from the main dairy region in Argentina were retrospectively evaluated throughout a 3‐year period (2009–2011). A total of 248 COD cases over 9156 parturitions were recorded, resulting in a cumulative incidence rate of 2.7%. Cystic ovarian disease incidence density was lower during the first 100 days post‐partum (DPP) than during later stages of lactation. Seasonality had a significant influence on the disease presentation with higher incidence rates during winter and spring. Cows with a previous diagnosis of clinical mastitis showed 2.72 times more chances of developing ovarian cysts. Cystic cows had longer calving to first service and calving to conception intervals and lower conception rate than controls.
Tropical Agriculture: Is Africa Different?
Authors: Andzie‐Quainoo Lord , Grier Robin 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe investigate the determinants of agricultural productivity in a panel of 27 tropical developing countries from 1984 to 2005 and test whether the coefficients of the right‐hand side variables are significantly different in sub‐Sahara Africa. We find evidence that the point estimates of fertilizer usage, telephones, tractor usage, rainfall and irrigation are positively and significantly related to agricultural productivity in the tropics. We also show that sub‐Saharan Africa is different in several respects. For instance, we find no evidence that fertilizer is associated with greater agricultural productivity in the African sample. Also, while the coefficient on infrastructure is positively associated with agricultural productivity in the full sample, its quantitative effect is smaller in sub‐Saharan Africa. As a robustness test, we experiment with an alternative measure of tropicality and find that the results are broadly similar.
Estimating the Income Gain of Seasonal Labor Migration
Authors: Liebensteiner Mario 
Published: October 2014

AbstractMale seasonal labor migration has become an increasing phenomenon globally and particularly for Armenia. This study finds that the monthly income gains for seasonal migrants from Armenia to Russia are about US$480 relative to only US$50 in the case of non‐migration. Individual panel data based on a novel household survey allow controlling for a variety of socio‐economic characteristics. Propensity score matching combined with difference‐in‐differences addresses potential endogenous self‐selection into migration. This paper finds negative selection based on education, employment, and pre‐migration income. This is reflected by a low premium for skills in Russia relative to Armenia, luring seasonal migrants into low‐skill jobs, mainly in the construction sector. The results identify seasonal labor migration as an attractive opportunity to escape unemployment, especially for the unskilled labor force. Therefore, seasonal migration has become an increasingly important source of income for households (through remittances) from low‐income countries and helps eradicate poverty.
The Export Promoting Effect of Emigration: Evidence fromDenmark
Authors: Hiller Sanne 
Published: October 2014

AbstractEthnic networks exhibit the potential to lower barriers to trade. The paper identifies the export‐promoting effect of emigration on the firm‐level using Danish data for the year 2001. Accounting for taste similarity, self‐selection and unobserved heterogeneity, three main findings are established. First, the elasticity of manufacturing exports to emigration is robust and of similar size as the effect of immigration. Secondly, only immigration encourages market entry but not emigration, suggesting that variable cost reductions and demand for home‐country products are the driving force of emigrant network effects. Thirdly, benefits from emigration accrue exclusively to low‐productivity firms.
Effects of the Mexican Apple Tariff on the World Apple Market
Authors: Devadoss Stephen , Ridley William 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn response to the USA blocking Mexican trucks from traveling to the inland part of the USA, Mexico imposed tariffs on US fresh apple exports. This study analyzes the impacts of the Mexican tariff on USA, Mexican and world apple markets by using theoretical analysis and developing a spatial equilibrium trade model. The results show that this tariff increases apple prices in Mexico, to the benefit of Mexican producers but harming Mexican consumers. Even though Mexico collects revenues from its tariff, the overall welfare impact is negative because consumers' loss outweighs producers' gain and tariff revenues. Since the USA exports less to Mexico, its prices and production decline, but consumption increases. To mitigate the export market loss to Mexico, the USA redirects its exports to other importing countries, displacing other apple exporting countries' trade with these importing countries.
FDI and Income Inequality—Evidence from Latin American Economies
Authors: Herzer Dierk , Hühne Philipp , Nunnenkamp Peter 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper analyzes whether foreign direct investment (FDI) has contributed to the wide income gaps in Latin America. Panel cointegration techniques as well as regression analysis are performed to assess the impact of inward FDI stocks on income inequality among households in Latin American host countries. The panel cointegration analysis typically reveals a significant and positive effect on income inequality. There is no evidence for reverse causality. The findings are fairly robust to the choice of different estimation methods, sample selection and the period of observation.
Still a Man's World? Revisiting Men Who Do Women's Work
Authors: Harvey Wingfield Adia , Myles Ranell L. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractIn 1995, Christine Williams built on the well‐versed theory of tokenism and introduced the concept of the glass escalator to describe the social processes by which men maintain advantages in female‐dominated occupations. This paradigm has proven extraordinarily useful as a way of understanding the pathways that reproduce men's opportunities and benefits in culturally feminized jobs. In this paper, we review the literature in this area and consider how new perspectives have contributed to insightful and interesting ways of understanding the experiences of men who do “women's work.”
Thymoma‐associated lymphocytosis in a dog
Authors: Burton Andrew G. , Borjesson Dori L. , Vernau William 
Published: October 2014

AbstractA 9‐year‐old female spayed English Springer Spaniel was evaluated for a cranial mediastinal mass and lymphocytosis. Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of peripheral blood lymphocytes revealed 97% asCD3 positive, confirming a T‐cell lineage. Additionally, T‐cell subset assessment showed 53.2% to be double‐negative T‐lymphocytes, expressing neitherCD4 norCD8 surface markers. The number of double‐negative lymphocytes in circulation coincided with the number of T‐cell receptor (TCR) γδ‐expressing T‐cells in circulation. Molecular T‐cell clonality analysis of TCR Gamma (TCRG) gene rearrangement showed a polyclonal expansion of T‐lymphocytes. Histopathology confirmed the mass to be a thymoma, supporting the diagnosis of thymoma‐associated T‐cell lymphocytosis. Resolution of the lymphocytosis after removal of the thymoma provided further evidence for this diagnosis. To the authors' knowledge, this case is only the second report of thymoma‐associated peripheral lymphocytosis in the veterinary literature, and is the first to report a confirmed thymoma‐associated peripheral γδ T‐cell lymphocytosis in a dog.
Immunohistochemical evidence of leptin and its receptor in the carpal glands of domestic pigs and wild boar
Authors: Dall'Aglio Cecilia , Mercati Francesca , Pascucci Luisa , Bazzucchi Cinzia , Ceccarelli Piero 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundIn recent years, the protein hormone leptin has been the subject of numerous studies designed to clarify and interpret its functional significance; it has been speculated that this goes well beyond the control of appetite and energy metabolism. In particular, the presence of leptin and its receptor has been observed in various glands anatomically and functionally related to the reproductive apparatus. This has led to the hypothesis that leptin may act directly in the functional control of these glands and, in general, the control of reproductive function.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThe presence and distribution of leptin and its receptor in the carpal glands of domestic pigs and wild boar are examined, using immunohistochemical techniques.AnimalsTissue samples were collected from five domestic pigs and five wild boar, following slaughter.ResultsThe presence of leptin and its receptor was demonstrated in the glands, localized in the dark cells of the glandular secretory epithelium. In addition, no difference was observed between wild boar and domestic pigs.Conclusions and clinical importanceWe hypothesize that leptin may be produced by the carpal gland and may act on the gland's secretory epithelial cells with an autocrine/paracrine mechanism, thus affecting the secretory activity of the gland itself.
Monte Carlo calculations of electron beam quality conversion factors for several ion chamber types
Authors: Muir B. R. , Rogers D. W. O. 
Published: October 2014

Purpose:To provide a comprehensive investigation of electron beam reference dosimetry using Monte Carlo simulations of the response of 10 plane‐parallel and 18 cylindrical ion chamber types. Specific emphasis is placed on the determination of the optimal shift of the chambers’ effective point of measurement (EPOM) and beam quality conversion factors.Methods:The EGSnrc system is used for calculations of the absorbed dose to gas in ion chamber models and the absorbed dose to water as a function of depth in a water phantom on which cobalt‐60 and several electron beam source models are incident. The optimal EPOM shifts of the ion chambers are determined by comparing calculations of R50 converted from I50 (calculated using ion chamber simulations in phantom) to R50 calculated using simulations of the absorbed dose to water vs depth in water. Beam quality conversion factors are determined as the calculated ratio of the absorbed dose to water to the absorbed dose to air in the ion chamber at the reference depth in a cobalt‐60 beam to that in electron beams.Results:For most plane‐parallel chambers, the optimal EPOM shift is inside of the active cavity but different from the shift determined with water‐equivalent scaling of the front window of the chamber. These optimal shifts for plane‐parallel chambers also reduce the scatter of beam quality conversion factors, kQ, as a function of R50. The optimal shift of cylindrical chambers is found to be less than the 0.5 rcav recommended by current dosimetry protocols. In most cases, the values of the optimal shift are close to 0.3 rcav. Values of kecal are calculated and compared to those from the TG‐51 protocol and differences are explained using accurate individual correction factors for a subset of ion chambers investigated. High‐precision fits to beam quality conversion factors normalized to unity in a beam with R50 = 7.5 cm () are provided. These factors avoid the use of gradient correction factors as used in the TG‐51 protocol although a chamber dependent optimal shift in the EPOM is required when using plane‐parallel chambers while no shift is needed with cylindrical chambers. The sensitivity of these results to parameters used to model the ion chambers is discussed and the uncertainty related to the practical use of these results is evaluated.Conclusions:These results will prove useful as electron beam reference dosimetry protocols are being updated. The analysis of this work indicates that cylindrical ion chambers may be appropriate for use in low‐energy electron beams but measurements are required to characterize their use in these beams.
Bacterial Nucleoid-Associated Protein Uncouples Transcription Levels from Transcription Timing
Authors: Zwir Igor , Yeo Won-Sik , Shin Dongwoo , Latifi Tammy , Huang Henry , Groisman Eduardo A. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

The histone-like nucleoid-structuring (H-NS) protein binds to horizontally acquired genes in the bacterium
Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhimurium, silencing their expression. We now report that overcoming the silencing effects of H-NS imposes a delay in the expression of genes activated by the transcriptional regulator PhoP. We determine that PhoP-activated genes ancestral to
Salmonella
are expressed before those acquired horizontally. This expression timing reflects the
in vivo
occupancy of the corresponding promoters by the PhoP protein. These results are surprising because some of these horizontally acquired genes reached higher mRNA levels than ancestral genes expressed earlier and were transcribed from promoters harboring PhoP-binding sites with higher
in vitro
affinity for the PhoP protein. Our findings challenge the often-made assumption that for genes coregulated by a given transcription factor, early genes are transcribed to higher mRNA levels than those transcribed at later times. Moreover, they provide a singular example of how gene ancestry can impact expression timing.

IMPORTANCE
We report that gene ancestry dictates the expression behavior of genes under the direct control of the
Salmonella
transcriptional regulator PhoP. That is, ancestral genes are transcribed before horizontally acquired genes. This reflects both the need to overcome silencing by the H-NS protein of the latter genes and the architecture of the corresponding promoters. Unexpectedly, transcription levels do not reflect transcription timing. Our results illustrate how a bacterium can exhibit an elaborate temporal expression behavior among genes coregulated by a transcription factor even though the products encoded by the target genes do not participate in a morphological or developmental pathway.
Absence of Patient-to-Patient Intrahospital Transmission of Staphylococcus aureus as Determined by Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Long S. Wesley , Beres Stephen B. , Olsen Randall J. , Musser James M. 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACT

Nosocomial transmission of pathogens is a major health care challenge. The increasing spread of antibiotic-resistant strains represents an ongoing threat to public health. Previous
Staphylococcus aureus
transmission studies have focused on transmission of
S. aureus
between asymptomatic carriers or used low-resolution typing methods such as multilocus sequence typing (MLST) or
spa
typing. To identify patient-to-patient intrahospital transmission using high-resolution genetic analysis, we sequenced the genomes of a consecutive set of 398
S. aureus
isolates from sterile-site infections. The
S. aureus
strains were collected from four hospitals in the Houston Methodist Hospital System over a 6-month period. Importantly, we discovered no evidence of transmission of
S. aureus
between patients with sterile-site infections. The lack of intrahospital transmission may reflect a fundamental difference between day-to-day transmission events in the hospital setting and the more frequently studied outbreak scenarios.

IMPORTANCE
Previous studies have suggested that nosocomial transmission of
S. aureus
is common. Our data revealed an unexpected lack of evidence for intrahospital transmission of
S. aureus
between patients with invasive infections. This finding has important implications for hospital infection control and public health efforts. In addition, our data demonstrate that highly related pools of
S. aureus
strains exist in the community which may complicate outbreak investigations.
The impact of psychological readiness to return to sport and recreational activities after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Ardern Clare L , Österberg Annika , Tagesson Sofi , Gauffin Håkan , Webster Kate E , Kvist Joanna 
Published: October 2014

BackgroundThis cross-sectional study aimed to examine whether appraisal of knee function, psychological and demographic factors were related to returning to the preinjury sport and recreational activity following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.Method164 participants completed a questionnaire battery at 1–7 years after primary ACL reconstruction. The battery included questionnaires evaluating knee self-efficacy, health locus of control, psychological readiness to return to sport and recreational activity, and fear of reinjury; and self-reported knee function in sport-specific tasks, knee-related quality of life and satisfaction with knee function. The primary outcome was returning to the preinjury sport or recreational activity.ResultsAt follow-up, 40% (66/164) had returned to their preinjury activity. Those who returned had more positive psychological responses, reported better knee function in sport and recreational activities, perceived a higher knee-related quality of life and were more satisfied with their current knee function. The main reasons for not returning were not trusting the knee (28%), fear of a new injury (24%) and poor knee function (22%). Psychological readiness to return to sport and recreational activity, measured with the ACL-Return to Sport after Injury scale (was most strongly associated with returning to the preinjury activity). Age, sex and preinjury activity level were not related.ConclusionsLess than 50% returned to their preinjury sport or recreational activity after ACL reconstruction. Psychological readiness to return to sport and recreation was the factor most strongly associated with returning to the preinjury activity. Including interventions aimed at improving this in postoperative rehabilitation programmes could be warranted to improve the rate of return to sport and recreational activities.
The Contribution of Common Genetic Variation to Nicotine and Cotinine Glucuronidation in Multiple Ethnic/Racial Populations
Authors: Patel Yesha M. , Stram Daniel O. , Wilkens Lynne R. , Park Sung-Shim L. , Henderson Brian E. , Le Marchand Loic , Haiman Christopher A. , Murphy Sharon E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground: The lung cancer risk of smokers varies by race/ethnicity even after adjustment for smoking. Evaluating the role of genetics in nicotine metabolism is likely important in understanding these differences, as disparities in risk may be related to differences in nicotine dose and metabolism.Methods: We conducted a genome-wide association study in search of common genetic variants that predict nicotine and cotinine glucuronidation in a sample of 2,239 smokers (437 European Americans, 364 African Americans, 453 Latinos, 674 Japanese Americans, and 311 Native Hawaiians) in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Urinary concentration of nicotine and its metabolites were determined.Results: Among 11,892,802 variants analyzed, 1,241 were strongly associated with cotinine glucuronidation, 490 of which were also associated with nicotine glucuronidation (P &lt; 5×10−8). The vast majority were within chromosomal region 4q13, near UGT2B10. Fifteen independent and globally significant SNPs explained 33.2% of the variation in cotinine glucuronidation, ranging from 55% for African Americans to 19% for Japanese Americans. The strongest single SNP association was for rs115765562 (P = 1.60 × 10−155). This SNP is highly correlated with a UGT2B10 splice site variant, rs116294140, which together with rs6175900 (Asp67Tyr) explains 24.3% of the variation. The top SNP for nicotine glucuronidation (rs116224959, P = 2.56 × 10−43) was in high LD (r2 = 0.99) with rs115765562.Conclusions: Genetic variation in UGT2B10 contributes significantly to nicotine and cotinine glucuronidation but not to nicotine dose.Impact: The contribution of genetic variation to nicotine and cotinine glucuronidation varies significantly by racial/ethnic group, but is unlikely to contribute directly to lung cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(1); 119–27. ©2014 AACR.
Doxorubicin Synergizes with 34.5ENVE to Enhance Antitumor Efficacy against Metastatic Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Bolyard Chelsea , Yoo Ji Young , Wang Pin-Yi , Saini Uksha , Rath Kellie S. , Cripe Timothy P. , Zhang Jianying , Selvendiran Karuppaiyah , Kaur Balveen 
Published: October 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Novel therapeutic regimens are needed to improve dismal outcomes associated with late-stage ovarian cancer. Oncolytic viruses are currently being tested in patients with ovarian cancer. Here, we tested the therapeutic efficacy of combining doxorubicin with 34.5ENVE, an oncolytic herpes simplex virus transcriptionally driven by a modified stem cell–specific nestin promoter, and encoding for antiangiogenic Vasculostatin-120 (VStat120) for use against progressive ovarian cancer.
Experimental Design: Antitumor efficacy of 34.5ENVE was assessed in ovarian cancer cell lines, mouse ascites–derived tumor cells, and primary patient ascites–derived tumor cells by standard MTT assay. The ability of conditioned medium derived from 34.5ENVE-infected ovarian cancer cells to inhibit endothelial cell migration was measured by a Transwell chamber assay. Scope of cytotoxic interactions between 34.5ENVE and doxorubicin were evaluated using Chou–Talalay synergy analysis. Viral replication, herpes simplex virus receptor expression, and apoptosis were evaluated. Efficacy of oncolytic viral therapy in combination with doxorubicin was evaluated in vivo in the murine xenograft model of human ovarian cancer.
Results: Treatment with 34.5ENVE reduced cell viability of ovarian cancer cell lines, and mouse ascites–derived and patient ascites–derived ovarian tumor cells. Conditioned media from tumor cells infected with 34.5ENVE reduced endothelial cell migration. When combined with doxorubicin, 34.5ENVE killed synergistically with a significant increase in caspase-3/7 activation, and an increase in sub-G1 population of cells. The combination of doxorubicin and 34.5ENVE significantly prolonged survival in nude mice bearing intraperitoneal ovarian cancer tumors.
Conclusions: This study indicates significant antitumor efficacy of 34.5ENVE alone, and in combination with doxorubicin against disseminated peritoneal ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 20(24); 6479–94. ©2014 AACR.