bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing the robustness of Arctic and Antarctic governance through the continental shelf submission process
Authors: Weber Melissa 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTThe processes undertaken by Arctic states and Antarctic claimant states to submit data to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) demonstrates the robustness of polar governance. The robustness of a governing system reflects its capacity to deal with emerging issues. For the purposes of this article, robustness comprises the effective protection of rights in the absence of prejudice and participant confidence. In the Arctic, unilateral assertion of continental shelf entitlement can proceed due to the nature of the CLCS process and recognition of sovereignty. Combined with the voluntary nature of Arctic governance, the process does not hamper cooperation in scientific research, boundary delimitation or engagement in initiatives such as the Arctic Council. In the Antarctic, a coordinated approach to continental shelf delimitation protected claimant states’ entitlement to a continental shelf and the right of other states not to recognise sovereignty. States demonstrated commitment to the Antarctic Treaty and acted according to accepted norms. Though different in structure, each polar governing system has its own characteristics of robustness. State authority drives participant confidence and regional cooperation in the Arctic. In the Antarctic, norms of behaviour foster system legitimacy and resilience is reinforced by the consequences of abandoning the system. With continued acceptance of the individual governing-system dynamics, emerging issues can be accommodated in both polar regions.
Common mental disorder diagnosis and need for treatment are not the same: findings from a population-based longitudinal survey
Authors: Sareen J. , Henriksen C. A. , Stein M. B. , Afifi T. O. , Lix L. M. , Enns M. W. 
Published: December 2012

BackgroundControversy exists regarding whether people in the community who meet criteria for a non-psychotic mental disorder diagnosis are necessarily in need of treatment. Some have argued that these individuals require treatment and that policy makers need to develop outreach programs for them, whereas others have argued that the current epidemiologic studies may be diagnosing symptoms of distress that in many cases are self-limiting and likely to remit without treatment. All prior studies that have addressed this issue have been cross-sectional. We examined the longitudinal outcomes of individuals with depressive, anxiety and substance use (DAS) disorder(s) who had not previously received any treatment.MethodData came from a nationally representative US sample. A total of 34 653 non-institutionalized adults (age ≥20 years) were interviewed at two time points, 3 years apart. DAS disorders, mental health service use and quality of life (QoL) were assessed at both time points.ResultsIndividuals with a DAS disorder who had not previously received any treatment were significantly more likely than those who had been previously treated to have remission of their index disorder(s) without subsequent treatment, to be free of co-morbid disorder(s) and not to have attempted suicide during the 3-year follow-up period (50.7% v. 33.0% respectively, p < 0.05). At wave 2, multiple linear regression demonstrated that people with a remission of their baseline DAS disorder(s) had levels of functioning similar to those without a DAS disorder.ConclusionsIndividuals with an untreated DAS disorder at baseline have a substantial likelihood of remission without any subsequent intervention.
The emerging diversity of transpososome architectures
Authors: Dyda Fred , Chandler Michael , Hickman Alison Burgess 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDNA transposases are enzymes that catalyze the movement of discrete pieces of DNA from one location in the genome to another. Transposition occurs through a series of controlled DNA strand cleavage and subsequent integration reactions that are carried out by nucleoprotein complexes known as transpososomes. Transpososomes are dynamic assemblies which must undergo conformational changes that control DNA breaks and ensure that, once started, the transposition reaction goes to completion. They provide a precise architecture within which the chemical reactions involved in transposon movement occur, but adopt different conformational states as transposition progresses. Their components also vary as they must, at some stage, include target DNA and sometimes even host-encoded proteins. A very limited number of transpososome states have been crystallographically captured, and here we provide an overview of the various structures determined to date. These structures include examples of DNA transposases that catalyze transposition by a cut-and-paste mechanism using an RNaseH-like nuclease catalytic domain, those that transpose using only single-stranded DNA substrates and targets, and the retroviral integrases that carry out an integration reaction very similar to DNA transposition. Given that there are a number of common functional requirements for transposition, it is remarkable how these are satisfied by complex assemblies that are so architecturally different.
Conceptualizing great meaning in life: Metz on the good, the true, and the beautiful
Authors: LANDAU IDDO 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article is a reply to Thaddeus Metz's ‘The good, the true, and the beautiful’ (2011). I suggest that Metz's theory is too broad since it entails that merely understanding Einstein's or Darwin's views can make a life highly meaningful. Furthermore, it is unclear whether ‘fundamental conditions’, toward which highly meaningful lives are oriented, may or may not be necessary conditions to ‘non-fundamental conditions’, how completely the former should explain the latter, and whether Metz's account is indeed non-consequentialist. While acknowledging the importance of Metz's contribution, I consider alternative directions that future research might take.
19.—On the GenusCordulegasterLeach, 1815 (Odonata) with special reference to the Sicilian species
Authors: Waterston A. Rodger 
Published: December 2012

SynopsisThe genusCordulegasteris represented in Sicily by two species. From an examination of material recently collected there and from evidence in the literature it is concluded that one has previously been misidentified, here namedC. boltonii trinacriaessp. nov.: the other is the little-knownC. bidentatus sicilicusFraser, 1929. A key to males of the Old World species ofCordulegasteris provided and lectotypes forC. boltonii algiricusMorton,C. princepsMorton,C. insignis amasinusMorton,C. insignis nobilisMorton,C. coronatusMorton and a neotype forC. charpentieri(Kolenati) are designated.
Attachment and life history strategy
Authors: Figueredo Aurelio José , Sefcek Jon A. , Olderbak Sally G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDel Giudice addresses a complex and pertinent theoretical issue: the evolutionary adaptiveness of sex differences in attachment styles in relation to life history strategy. Although we applaud Del Giudice for calling attention to the problem, we regret that he does not sufficiently specify how attachment styles serve as an integral part of a coordinate life history strategy for either sex.
Factors associated with lowercase alphabet naming in kindergarteners
Authors: HUANG FRANCIS L. , INVERNIZZI MARCIA A. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTWe investigated five hypotheses related to the successful naming of lowercase letters. Participants included 5,020 first-time kindergarteners from economically disadvantaged homes who previously attended publicly funded preschools. Results analyzed using three-level logistic regression showed that children have a higher probability of correctly identifying letters that appear in their own name and letters that appear frequently in print. In addition, lowercase letter shape similarity to its uppercase counterpart and letter order were also associated with the correct identification of the letter. Finally, if a lowercase letter had a visual and phonological resemblance to other letters, students had a lower probability of identifying the letter correctly. Implications for instruction are discussed.
Having One's Porridge and Eating It Too: Wang Meng as Intellectual and Bureaucrat in Late 20th-Century China
Authors: Rahav Shakhar 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis article examines the “porridge incident,” in which the renowned Chinese author, critic and former minister of culture Wang Meng sued a Communist Party literary journal for attacking him and his story “Hard Porridge” (“Jianying de xizhou”). The incident straddled the transitional period between 1989 and 1992 and illuminates the ramifications of structural changes in China's literary sphere. I frame the affair within two contexts: Wang Meng's tortuous career, which challenges dichotomies of bureaucrat vs. dissident, and the transition from a centralized literary sphere to a market-driven one. I argue that Wang's responses to the attack on him stemmed from a political and cultural standing that was the product of a Party-controlled cultural sphere, along with the opportunities offered by expanding reforms. The Deng-era reforms produced a divide between culture, markets and bureaucracy that would preclude cultural figures like Wang from holding such high bureaucratic positions anymore.
Supporting a Relative’s Move into Long-term Care: Starting Point Shapes Family Members’ Experiences
Authors: Sussman Tamara , Dupuis Sherry 
Published: December 2012

RÉSUMÉCette étude fondée sur la théorie a exploré les expériences des membres de la famille qui soutenaient leurs proches qui sont déplacés dans les foyers de soins de longue durée (FSLD). Chaque étape du processus de transition a été examinée, y compris le rôle du point de départ à façonner l’expérience. Dans les six semaines suivant le déménagement, une vingtaine de membres des familles qui avaient quitté un parent dans un FSLD ont été interviewés. Les résultats ont révelé que le point de départ a eu un effet profond sur les expériences des membres des familles en acceptant la nécessité et le moment où il faut faire le déplacement de leur parent en un FSLD (avant le déménagement), et à croire que le FSLD choisi est un environnement positif pour leur parent (après le déménagement). Les politiques et les processus des FSLD sont aussi importants. Cependant, quand l’acceptation du pré-déménagement a été compromise par des circonstances imputables au point de départ, ces politiques et procédures ont été moins efficaces dans la promotion de l’acceptation de l’après-déménagement. Nous discutons des conditions qui soutient les transitions positives avant, pendant et après le déménagement de chaque point de départ.
Making Care Decisions in Home-Based Dementia Care: Why Context Matters
Authors: St-Amant Oona , Ward-Griffin Catherine , DeForge Ryan T. , Oudshoorn Abe , McWilliam Carol , Forbes Dorothy , Kloseck Marita , Hall Jodi 
Published: December 2012

RÉSUMÉD’ici à 2038, le nombre d’heures de soins non rémunérées aux aînés offert par les membres de la famille devraient tripler. Les membres des familles sont souvent suppliés d’aider dans le processus parce que vivre avec la démence peut inhiber la capacité pour prendre une décision. Cette étude ethnographique a soumis les relations au sein de soins de la démence à domicile à un examen critique par le biais des entrevues face-à-face et les observations des participants des clients, des aidants naturels et des prestataires de soins à domicile. Les résultats ont révélé comment les décisions sont imposées dans le contexte du système de soins à domicile formels, et ont mis en évidence trois thèmes: (1) L’accommodation de la compétence/incompétence, comme définie cliniquement; (2) La prise de décisions inopportunes; et (3) Le renforcement de l’exclusion des déments dans la prise de décision. Ces thèmes illuminent la façon dont les valeurs culturelles (la compétence), les croyances (l’immuabilité du système) et les pratiques (le réglage des décisions) dans le système de soins à domicile sont finalement déterministes dans la prise de décisions pour les déments et leurs aidants. Afin d’optimiser la santé des déments qui se font soignés à domicile, il faut accorder d’attention supplémentaire aux pratiques collaboratives et inclusives des membres des familles.
Taxonomy, Type Specimens, and the Making of Biological Property in Intellectual Property Rights Law
Authors: Parry Bronwyn 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDespite remaining the most iconic and highly valorized metrical technology of the entire, now globally universalized, project of zoological and botanical taxonomy, very little attention has been given to highlighting the pivotal role that type specimens also play in constructing and disciplining contemporary relations to living property. Building on my earlier work on the relationship between biological classification and regulation,1this article provides an overdue analysis of this technology's significance in introducingdeposition,priority of publication, andauthorshipas the key conceptual and functional mechanisms not only of taxonomic classification, but also of the ascendant system for prosecuting rights to ownership of biologicalnoveltiesin the contemporary era: the Euro-American system of intellectual property law.
Improved Mixing Time Bounds for the Thorp Shuffle
Authors: MORRIS BEN 
Published: December 2012

E. Thorp introduced the following card shuffling model. Suppose the number of cards is even. Cut the deck into two equal piles, then interleave them as follows. Choose the first card from the left pile or from the right pile according to the outcome of a fair coin flip. Then choose from the other pile. Continue this way, flipping an independent coin for each pair, until both piles are empty.We prove an upper bound of O(d3) for the mixing time of the Thorp shuffle with 2d cards, improving on the best known bound of O(d4). As a consequence, we obtain an improved bound on the time required to encrypt a binary message of length d using the Thorp shuffle.
Social-ecological systems as complex adaptive systems: modeling and policy implications
Authors: Levin Simon , Xepapadeas Tasos , Crépin Anne-Sophie , Norberg Jon , de Zeeuw Aart , Folke Carl , Hughes Terry , Arrow Kenneth , Barrett Scott , Daily Gretchen , Ehrlich Paul , Kautsky Nils , Mäler Karl-Göran , Polasky Steve , Troell Max , Vincent Jeffrey R. , Walker Brian 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSystems linking people and nature, known as social-ecological systems, are increasingly understood as complex adaptive systems. Essential features of these complex adaptive systems – such as nonlinear feedbacks, strategic interactions, individual and spatial heterogeneity, and varying time scales – pose substantial challenges for modeling. However, ignoring these characteristics can distort our picture of how these systems work, causing policies to be less effective or even counterproductive. In this paper we present recent developments in modeling social-ecological systems, illustrate some of these challenges with examples related to coral reefs and grasslands, and identify the implications for economic and policy analysis.
Application of choice experiments to quantify the existence value of an endemic moss: a case study in Chile
Authors: Cerda Claudia , Barkmann Jan , Marggraf Rainer 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA choice experiment was applied to measure the existence value of an endemic moss. We assessed value separation, embedding or warm glow and ‘ethical’ motivations. We exemplify our application by valuing an inconspicuous moss endemic to Chile's sub-Antarctic region. The choice experiment was administered to a sample of local residents of Navarino Island (southern Chile). The design isolates the existence value by requiring respondents to make simultaneous tradeoffs between moss existence value, five other biodiversity-related values and income changes. Insensitivity to scope was addressed by using degrees of extinction risks. We predominantly use a willingness-to-accept design of the payment vehicle to avoid protest responses. A meaningful marginal value for the existence of an endemic species for Navarino island residents was documented. The design, based on varying degrees of extinction risk, avoided a strong effect of warm glow. No protest responses motivated by ethical concerns were encountered.
A content analysis of food advertisements appearing in parenting magazines
Authors: Manganello Jennifer A , Clegg Smith Katherine , Sudakow Katie , Summers Amber C 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObjectiveChildhood obesity is a growing problem in the USA. As parents play a major role in shaping a child's diet, the present study examines food advertisements (ads) directed towards parents in parenting and family magazines.DesignGiven the potential for magazines to influence attitudes and knowledge, we used content analysis to examine the food ads appearing in four issues each of six different parenting and family magazines from 2008 (n 24).SettingUSA.SubjectsFood ads in parenting and family magazines.ResultsWe identified 476 food ads, which represented approximately 32 % of all ads in the magazine sample. Snack foods (13 %) were the most frequently observed food ads, followed by dairy products (7 %). The most frequently used sales theme was ‘taste’ (55 %). Some ads promoted foods as ‘healthy’ (14 %) and some made specific health claims (18 %), such as asserting the product would help lower cholesterol. In addition to taste and health and nutrition appeals, we found several themes used in ad messages to promote products, including the following: ‘convenience’, ‘economical’, ‘fun’ and ‘helping families spend time together’. We also found that over half (n 405, 55·9 %) of products (n 725) advertised were products of poor nutritional quality based on total fat, saturated fat, sodium, protein, sugar and fibre contents, and that ads for such products were slightly more likely to use certain sales themes like ‘fun’ (P = 0·04) and ‘no guilt’ (P = 0·03).ConclusionsInterventions should be developed to help parents understand nutritional information seen in food ads and to learn how various foods contribute to providing a balanced family diet.
Psychiatric services in the community? The German public's opinion in 1990 and 2011
Authors: Angermeyer M. C. , Matschinger H. , Holzinger A. , Carta M. G. , Schomerus G. 
Published: December 2012

Background.During the last two decades, the change from custodial care provided by large institutions to community-focused services made considerable progress in Germany. However, nothing is known about how this is reflected in the public's acceptance of community psychiatry services.Methods.The study is based on data from two population surveys among German citizens aged 18 years and over, living in the ‘old’ German States. The first was conducted in 1990 (n = 3067), the second in 2011 (n = 2416). With the help of identical questions, respondents’ attitudes towards psychiatric units at general hospitals and group homes for mentally ill people were assessed.Results.While the proportion of the public that explicitly welcomed establishing psychiatric units at general hospitals and opening group homes for mentally ill people decreased, the proportion of those who reacted with indifference increased. The proportion of the German population that explicitly rejected the implementation of these services remained unchanged.Conclusions.While community psychiatry services expanded considerably over the last few years, the public's attitude towards them has not changed substantially.
A quantitative model for integrating landscape evolution and soil formation
Authors: Vanwalleghem T. , Stockmann U. , Minasny B. , McBratney Alex B. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractLandscape evolution is closely related to soil formation. Quantitative modeling of the dynamics of soils and landscapes should therefore be integrated. This paper presents a model, named Model for Integrated Landscape Evolution and Soil Development (MILESD), which describes the interaction between pedogenetic and geomorphic processes. This mechanistic model includes the most significant soil formation processes, ranging from weathering to clay translocation, and combines these with the lateral redistribution of soil particles through erosion and deposition. The model is spatially explicit and simulates the vertical variation in soil horizon depth as well as basic soil properties such as texture and organic matter content. In addition, sediment export and its properties are recorded. This model is applied to a 6.25 km2 area in the Werrikimbe National Park, Australia, simulating soil development over a period of 60,000 years. Comparison with field observations shows how the model accurately predicts trends in total soil thickness along a catena. Soil texture and bulk density are predicted reasonably well, with errors of the order of 10%, however, field observations show a much higher organic carbon content than predicted. At the landscape scale, different scenarios with varying erosion intensity result only in small changes of landscape‐averaged soil thickness, while the response of the total organic carbon stored in the system is higher. Rates of sediment export show a highly nonlinear response to soil development stage and the presence of a threshold, corresponding to the depletion of the soil reservoir, beyond which sediment export drops significantly.
Constant dimensionality of fault roughness from the scale of micro‐fractures to the scale of continents
Authors: Renard François , Candela Thibault , Bouchaud Elisabeth 
Published: December 2012

AbstractMany faults and fractures in various natural and man‐made materials share a remarkable common fractal property in their morphology. We report on the roughness of faults in rocks by analyzing the out‐of‐plane fluctuations of slip surfaces. They display a statistical power‐law relationship with a nearly constant fractal exponent from millimeter scale micro‐fractures in fault zones to coastlines measuring thousands of kilometers that have recorded continental breakup. A possible origin of this striking fractal relationship over 11 orders of magnitude of length scales is that all faulting processes in rocks share common characteristics that play a crucial role in the shaping of fault surfaces, such as the effects of elastic long‐range stress interactions and stress screening by mechanical heterogeneities during quasi‐static fracture growth.