bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid Use in Knee Arthroplasty After Receiving Intravenous Acetaminophen
Authors: Kelly Jennifer S. , Opsha Yekaterina , Costello Jennifer , Schiller Daryl , Hola Eric T. 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundIntravenous (IV) acetaminophen may be an effective component of multimodal postoperative pain management. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of IV acetaminophen on total opioid use in postoperative patients. The secondary objective was to evaluate the effect of IV acetaminophen on hospital length of stay.MethodsThis retrospective, case–control study evaluated the impact of IV acetaminophen on total opioid use in surgical patients. Patients were included if they received at least one perioperative dose of IV acetaminophen and underwent a surgical knee procedure. Controls were matched and randomly selected based on procedure type, age, and severity of illness. Postoperative opioids were converted into oral morphine equivalents, and overall use was compared between groups.ResultsOne hundred patients were enrolled, with 25 patients receiving IV acetaminophen and 75 matched controls. A total of 135 mg versus 112.5 mg oral morphine equivalents were used in the IV acetaminophen group and control group, respectively (p=0.987). There were 45 mg/day oral morphine equivalents used in the IV acetaminophen group versus 37.5 mg in the control group (p=0.845). The median hospital length of stay in both groups was 3 days (p=0.799).ConclusionIV acetaminophen did not significantly decrease postoperative opioid use in patients who underwent surgical knee procedures. In addition, there was a nonsignificant trend toward increased opioid use in the IV acetaminophen group. There was no significant difference in hospital length of stay between the IV acetaminophen group and the control group. These findings require further study in larger patient populations and in other orthopedic procedures that typically require longer hospital stays.
The Burden of Mucosal Barrier Injury Laboratory-Confirmed Bloodstream Infection among Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant Patients
Authors: Metzger Kristen E. , Rucker Yvonne , Callaghan Mary , Churchill Michelle , Jovanovic Borko D. , Zembower Teresa R. , Bolon Maureen K. 
Published: December 2014

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact and burden of the new National Healthcare Safety Network surveillance definition, mucosal barrier injury laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection (MBI-LCBI), in hematology, oncology, and stem cell transplant populations.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTwo hematology, oncology, and stem cell transplant units at a large academic medical center.MethodsCentral line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) identified during a 14-month period were reviewed and classified as MBI-LCBI or non-MBI-LCBI (MBI-LCBI criteria not met). During this period, interventions to improve central line maintenance were implemented. Characteristics of patients with MBI-LCBI and non-MBI-LCBI were compared. Total CLABSI, MBI-LCBI, and non-MBI-LCBI rates were compared between baseline and postintervention phases of the study period.ResultsAmong 66 total CLABSI cases, 47 (71%) met MBI-LCBI criteria. Patients with MBI-LCBI and non-MBI-LCBI were similar in regard to most clinical and demographic characteristics. Between the baseline and postintervention study periods, the overall CLABSI rate decreased from 3.37 to 3.21 infections per 1,000 line-days (incidence rate ratio, 0.95; 4.7% reduction, P=.84), the MBI-LCBI rate increased from 2.08 to 2.61 infections per 1,000 line-days (incidence rate ratio, 1.25; 25.3% increase, P=.44), and the non-MBI-LCBI rate decreased from 1.29 to 0.60 infections per 1,000 line-days (incidence rate ratio, 0.47; 53.3% reduction, P=.12).ConclusionsMost CLABSIs identified among hematology, oncology, and stem cell transplant patients met MBI-LCBI criteria, and CLABSI prevention efforts did not reduce these infections. Further review of the MBI-LCBI definition and impact is necessary to direct future definition changes and reporting mandates.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;00(0): 1–6
HIDDEN MARKOV STRUCTURES FOR DYNAMIC COPULAE
Authors: Härdle Wolfgang Karl , Okhrin Ostap , Wang Weining 
Published: December 2014

Understanding the time series dynamics of a multi-dimensional dependency structure is a challenging task. Multivariate covariance driven Gaussian or mixed normal time varying models have only a limited ability to capture important features of the data such as heavy tails, asymmetry, and nonlinear dependencies. The present paper tackles this problem by proposing and analyzing a hidden Markov model (HMM) for hierarchical Archimedean copulae (HAC). The HAC constitute a wide class of models for multi-dimensional dependencies, and HMM is a statistical technique for describing regime switching dynamics. HMM applied to HAC flexibly models multivariate dimensional non-Gaussian time series.We apply the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm for parameter estimation. Consistency results for both parameters and HAC structures are established in an HMM framework. The model is calibrated to exchange rate data with a VaR application. This example is motivated by a local adaptive analysis that yields a time varying HAC model. We compare its forecasting performance with that of other classical dynamic models. In another, second, application, we model a rainfall process. This task is of particular theoretical and practical interest because of the specific structure and required untypical treatment of precipitation data.
A COMBINED FIRST-ORDER AND SECOND-ORDER VARIATION APPROACH FOR
MULTIPLICATIVE NOISE REMOVAL
Authors: JIANG LE , HUANG JIN , LIU JUN , LV XIAO-GUANG 
Published: December 2014

AbstractDenoising of images corrupted by multiplicative noise is an important task in various
applications, such as laser imaging, synthetic aperture radar and ultrasound imaging.
We propose a combined first-order and second-order variational model for removal of
multiplicative noise. Our model substantially reduces the staircase effects while
preserving edges in the restored images, since it combines advantages of the
first-order and second-order total variation. The issues of existence and uniqueness
of a minimizer for this variational model are analysed. Moreover, a gradient descent
method is employed to solve the associated Euler–Lagrange equation, and
several numerical experiments are given to show the efficiency of our model. In
particular, a comparison with an existing model in terms of peak signal-to-noise
ratio and structural similarity index is provided.
The eye of the storm: a feasibility study of an adapted Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) group intervention to manage NHS staff stress
Authors: Marx Robert , Strauss Clara , Williamson Cleo , Karunavira  , Taravajra  
Published: December 2014

AbstractA feasibility study evaluated five adapted Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) groups that were delivered to staff in a National Health Service (NHS) mental health Trust as part of a staff health and wellbeing initiative. Using an uncontrolled design typical of a feasibility study, recruitment, retention and acceptability of the groups were assessed. Effectiveness was also measured at pre- and post-therapy, and at 3-month follow-up, using quantitative methods. In addition, qualitative methods were used to explore staff experiences of the groups. Results demonstrated high levels of feasibility, and significant improvements in staff perceived stress and self-compassion at both post-therapy and follow-up. Qualitative data suggested many staff felt the groups had improved their physical and emotional health, their ability to manage stress at work and the quality of their work with patients and of their relationships with colleagues. Although Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has typically been used to help manage staff stress, these results are promising for the use of an adapted MBCT with this population. Challenges and factors contributing to these outcomes are discussed.
Using Multimethod Occupancy Estimation Models to Quantify Gear Differences in Detection Probabilities: Is Backpack Electrofishing Missing Occurrences for a Species of Concern?
Authors: Pregler Kasey C. , Vokoun Jason C. , Jensen Timothy , Hagstrom Neal 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Bridle Shiner Notropis bifrenatus is a small, rare minnow species native to northeastern streams and lakes. It is declining over most of its range and currently is listed as a species of concern in Connecticut. Surveys conducted with seine nets in the 1960s found Bridle Shiners at 56 locations statewide. In contrast, surveys conducted in the 1990s using electrofishing detected Bridle Shiners at 8 locations. Different sampling techniques made it difficult to assess what portion of the observed decline might be a sampling artifact, confounding efforts to assess the actual conservation status. We sampled 18 habitat patches in three Connecticut watersheds in 2012 to determine if seining for Bridle Shiners yielded a higher detection probability than backpack electrofishing. A multimethod occupancy estimation modeling approach, using the program PRESENCE, quantified the probability of correctly detecting Bridle Shiners by gear and as detection covaried with habitat features. Backpack electrofishing detection probability was lower and approximately half that of seining. The abundance of Bridle Shiners in the sample patch was the most supported covariate to detection and particularly aided detection for electrofishing. High mean water velocity improved the detection probability of backpack electrofishing and reduced that of seining. It is possible that the 1990s sampling underestimated the number of populations of Bridle Shiners, and a repeat survey of all historic locations using a seine is recommended.Received April 3, 2014; accepted September 15, 2014
A New Proposal for the Target Value for Home BP in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: The J-HOP Study
Authors: Eguchi Kazuo , Hoshide Satoshi , Komori Takahiro , Nagasaka Shoichiro , Kario Kazuomi 
Published: December 2014

OBJECTIVE
The target levels of home-monitored blood pressure (BP) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have not yet been established. We sought to examine the appropriate target home BP level in T2DM.

METHODS
This is a subanalysis of the Japan Morning Surge-Home Blood Pressure (J-HOP) study. We enrolled 4,310 patients who had at least 1 cardiovascular risk factor, and clinic and home BP monitoring was performed. The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) was measured as a marker of microvascular disease. Quadratic equations of the relationship between clinic/home systolic BP (SBP) and log-transformed UACR were used to determine the home BP value. Home BP levels corresponding to clinic SBP/diastolic BP (DBP) level using the UACR values were calculated separately by the presence/absence of diabetes.

RESULTS
The mean age of the patients was 64.9±10.9 years; 47.0% were males. Of the 4,310 subjects enrolled, 1,057 (24.5%) had T2DM (the DM group) and 3,253 (75.5%) did not (non-DM group). The home BP levels equivalent to clinic BP 140/90mm Hg were 135/84 and 135/83mm Hg in the DM and non-DM groups, respectively. The home SBP levels equivalent to clinic SBP 130/80mm Hg were 122/79mm Hg in the non-DM group and 129/78mm Hg in the DM group.

CONCLUSIONS
Regardless of diabetic status, the home BP level that corresponds to the clinic SBP 140/90mm Hg was 135/85mm Hg. In patients with T2DM, the home SBP level equivalent to clinic SBP 130/80mm Hg was 129/78mm Hg with regard to the extent of microvascular disease.
Workflow4Metabolomics: a collaborative research infrastructure for computational metabolomics
Authors: Giacomoni Franck , Le Corguillé Gildas , Monsoor Misharl , Landi Marion , Pericard Pierre , Pétéra Mélanie , Duperier Christophe , Tremblay-Franco Marie , Martin Jean-François , Jacob Daniel , Goulitquer Sophie , Thévenot Etienne A. , Caron Christophe 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Summary: The complex, rapidly evolving field of computational metabolomics calls for collaborative infrastructures where the large volume of new algorithms for data pre-processing, statistical analysis and annotation can be readily integrated whatever the language, evaluated on reference datasets and chained to build ad hoc workflows for users. We have developed Workflow4Metabolomics (W4M), the first fully open-source and collaborative online platform for computational metabolomics. W4M is a virtual research environment built upon the Galaxy web-based platform technology. It enables ergonomic integration, exchange and running of individual modules and workflows. Alternatively, the whole W4M framework and computational tools can be downloaded as a virtual machine for local installation.
Availability and implementation: http://workflow4metabolomics.org homepage enables users to open a private account and access the infrastructure.
W4M is developed and maintained by the French Bioinformatics Institute (IFB) and the French Metabolomics and Fluxomics Infrastructure (MetaboHUB).
Contact : contact@workflow4metabolomics.org
mirPub: a database for searching microRNA publications
Authors: Vergoulis Thanasis , Kanellos Ilias , Kostoulas Nikos , Georgakilas Georgios , Sellis Timos , Hatzigeorgiou Artemis , Dalamagas Theodore 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Summary: Identifying, amongst millions of publications available in MEDLINE, those that are relevant to specific microRNAs (miRNAs) of interest based on keyword search faces major obstacles. References to miRNA names in the literature often deviate from standard nomenclature for various reasons, since even the official nomenclature evolves. For instance, a single miRNA name may identify two completely different molecules or two different names may refer to the same molecule. mirPub is a database with a powerful and intuitive interface, which facilitates searching for miRNA literature, addressing the aforementioned issues. To provide effective search services, mirPub applies text mining techniques on MEDLINE, integrates data from several curated databases and exploits data from its user community following a crowdsourcing approach. Other key features include an interactive visualization service that illustrates intuitively the evolution of miRNA data, tag clouds summarizing the relevance of publications to particular diseases, cell types or tissues and access to TarBase 6.0 data to oversee genes related to miRNA publications.
Availability and Implementation: mirPub is freely available at http://www.microrna.gr/mirpub/.
Contact: vergoulis@imis.athena-innovation.gr or dalamag@imis.athena-innovation.gr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Highly-efficient Cas9-mediated transcriptional programming
Authors: Chavez Alejandro , Scheiman Jonathan , Vora Suhani , Pruitt Benjamin W. , Tuttle Marcelle , Iyer Eswar , Kiani Samira , Guzman Christopher D. , Wiegand Daniel J. , Ter-Ovanesyan Dimtry , Braff Jonathan L. , Davidsohn Noah , Weiss Ron , Aach John , Collins James J. , Church George M. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTThe RNA-guided bacterial nuclease Cas9 can be reengineered as a programmable transcription factor by a series of changes to the Cas9 protein in addition to the fusion of a transcriptional activation domain (AD)1–5. However, the modest levels of gene activation achieved by current Cas9 activators have limited their potential applications. Here we describe the development of an improved transcriptional regulator through the rational design of a tripartite activator, VP64-p65-Rta (VPR), fused to Cas9. We demonstrate its utility in activating expression of endogenous coding and non-coding genes, targeting several genes simultaneously and stimulating neuronal differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Genetic Analysis of Substrain Divergence in NOD Mice
Authors: Simecek Petr , Churchill Gary A. , Yang Hyuna , Rowe Lucy B. , Herberg Lieselotte , Serreze David V. , Leiter Edward H. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT:The NOD mouse is a polygenic model for type 1 diabetes that is characterized by insulitis, a leukocytic infiltration of the pancreatic islets. During ~35 years since the original inbred strain was developed in Japan, NOD substrains have been established at different laboratories around the world. Although environmental differences among NOD colonies capable of impacting diabetes incidence have been recognized, differences arising from genetic divergence have not previously been analyzed. We use both Mouse Diversity Array and Whole Exome Capture Sequencing platforms to identify genetic differences distinguishing 5 NOD substrains. We describe 64 SNPs, and 2 short indels that differ in coding regions of the 5 NOD substrains. A 100 kb deletion on Chromosome 3 distinguishes NOD/ShiLtJ and NOD/ShiLtDvs from 3 other substrains, while a 111 kb deletion in theIcam2gene on Chromosome 11 is unique to the NOD/ShiLtDvs genome. The extent of genetic divergence for NOD substrains is compared to similar studies for C57BL6 and BALB/c substrains. As mutations are fixed to homozygosity by continued inbreeding, significant differences in substrain phenotypes are to be expected. These results emphasize the importance of using embryo freezing methods to minimize genetic drift within substrains andof applying appropriate genetic nomenclature to permit substrain recognition when one is used.
Beyond capital? The challenge for sociology in Britain
Authors: Holmwood John 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis article offers a ‘local’,British, reading ofPiketty's landmark book,Capital in the Twenty‐First Century, suggesting that the challenge it offers to sociological approaches to inequality is more fundamental than hitherto recognized. The variations in ‘national trajectories’ exposed byPiketty revealBritain to be anomalous in terms of standard approaches to the path dependencies embedded in different welfare regimes. Using the recent work ofMonicaPrasad on ‘settler capitalism’ in theUSAand the tax and debt‐finance regime associated with it, the article suggests that colonialism and empire and its postwar unravelling has had deep consequences forBritish social stratification, albeit largely neglected byBritish sociologists. Finally, it points to the fact that the form of tax and debt‐finance regime that has become reinforced inBritain is at the heart of recent radical reforms to higher education. These are the currently unexplicated conditions of our future practice as sociologists and, therefore, an obstacle to building a critical sociology on the foundations laid out byPiketty.
After Piketty?
Authors: Atkinson A.B. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractIn this paper, I take Capital in the Twenty‐First Century by Thomas Piketty as the starting point for a set of twelve policy proposals that could bring about a genuine shift in the distribution of income towards less inequality. In designing the set of proposals, I draw on the experience of reducing inequality in postwar Europe and on an analysis as to how the economic circumstances are now different in the twenty‐first century, highlighting the role of technical change and the rise in capital emphasized by Piketty. The proposed measures span many fields of policy, and are not confined to fiscal redistribution, encompassing science policy, competition policy, public employment, a guaranteed return on small savings, a capital endowment, as well as more progressive taxation of income and wealth transfers, and a participation income. Inequality is embedded in our social structure, and the search for a significant reduction requires us to examine all aspects of our society. I focus on inequality within countries, and what can be achieved by national governments, with the UK specifically in mind. The primary audience is those concerned with policy‐making in national governments, but implementation should not be seen purely in these terms. There are different levels of government, and certain proposals, particularly those concerned with taxation, may only be feasible if pursued by a group of countries in collaboration. The last of the twelve proposals – for a basic income for children – is specifically directed at the European Union. Finally, actions by individuals as consumers, as workers, or as employers, can all contribute to reducing inequality.
Capital and time: uncertainty and qualitative measures of inequality
Authors: Bear Laura 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis review compares Piketty and Marx's approaches to capital and time in order to argue for the importance of qualitative measures of inequality. These latter measures emphasize varying experiences across classes and through history of uncertainty and insecurity. They explore how the social rhythms of capital profoundly affect the ability to plan a life‐course. Quantitative measures such as those used by Piketty that focus on the amount of capital that accrues through time cannot capture such important phenomenon. This is especially because their calculations rest on absolute amounts of capital recorded in formal state statistics. Their limits are particularly revealed if we consider issues of: informal labour, social reproduction, and changing institutional forms of public debt. If we are to build the inter‐disciplinary rapprochement between social science and economics that Piketty calls for it must be through asserting the value of qualitative measures of insecurity and its effects on decision making. These are important to track both at the macro‐level of institutions and at the micro‐level scale of human lives. It is, therefore, through emphasizing the existing strengths of both anthropology and history that we can meet Piketty's important challenge to make our scholarship relevant to current political and social debates.
Piketty in the long run
Authors: Cowell Frank A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractI examine the idea of ‘the long run’ inPiketty (2014) and related works. In contrast to simplistic interpretations of long‐run models of income‐ and wealth‐distributionPiketty (2014) draws on a rich economic analysis that models the intra‐ and inter‐generational processes that underly the development of the wealth distribution. These processes inevitably involve both market and non‐market mechanisms. To understand this approach, and to isolate the impact of different social and economic factors on inequality in the long run, we use the concept of an equilibrium distribution. However the long‐run analysis of policy should not presume that there is an inherent tendency for the wealth distribution to approach equilibrium.