bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental influences on the phenology of immigrating juvenile eels over weirs at the tidal limit of regulated rivers
Authors: Boardman Rose M. , Pinder Adrian C. , Piper Adam T. , Gutmann Roberts Catherine , Wright Rosalind M. , Britton J. Robert 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRecruitment of the catadromous and critically endangered European eel Anguilla anguilla in Europe has declined substantially since the 1980s, with considerable knowledge gaps remaining in many aspects of their life cycle. The aim was to assess eel migration phenology in three regulated rivers in England between 2009 and 2019 through analyses of eel numbers using passes at their tidal limits, with calculation of the annual timings of migration initiation (10% of all eels passed, T10), peak (50%, T50) and conclusion (90%, T90). Across the three rivers, T10 varied between Julian Day (‘Day’) 94 and 173. Years of earlier T10 had significantly earlier T50, where T50 varied between Day 105 and 200. The considerable inter-annual variability in migration timings was associated with environmental variables; earlier T10 and T50 occurred in years of warmer river temperatures (RTs) and cooler sea surface temperatures (SST), and in years where RTs were higher than SSTs. No environmental variables were significant predictors of T90. These results indicate that whilst there is annual variability in the timing of eel migration initiation and peak into freshwaters, this variability is predictable according to differences in environmental conditions. As many of these conditions associated with annual variability in temperature and precipitation then climate change has the potential to shift these migration timings.
Digital Teacher Training in the Portuguese National Plan for Digital Development at Schools: A Case Study
Authors: Carvalhais Lénia , Azevedo Paula 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSchools have been responding to the ongoing digital transformation, which requires continuous self-reflection and decision-making skills from teachers in the inclusion of new digital technologies in the teaching and learning process. In the present study, descriptive measures were used to understand how 140 teachers, in a school group, perceived their digital competences through the Check-in Questionnaire (Study 1). A school group is a Portuguese organisational unit, constituted by different schools, catering to different age groups, managed by a single director. Study 2 addressed how this specific school group organised teacher training courses, considering the results of Check-in Questionnaire, and the scope of the National Digital Transition Plan. Interviews, in which data content analysis was applied, were undertaken with seven teacher instructors, selected to implement digital training. The results of Study 1 revealed that most teachers are positioned at level 2, an intermediate level, with no differences in age or years of service. In Study 2, instructors revealed that the proficiency level assigned in the Check-in Questionnaire did not always correspond to a teacher’s real digital skills, identifying this as one of the obstacles to achieving the initial training aims. The goal of the training was for these professionals to feel committed to their educational context and understand what is intended in the inclusion of digital skills in the classroom. The relevance of this study relates to the current context, which places education and teachers at the centre of a digital agenda focused on the development of digital skills, thus generating new pedagogical practices, while accompanying the process from the initial assessment to the implementation of training in the National Digital Transition Plan.
The impact of language education policies on Irish sign language in Irish deaf education
Authors: Conama John Bosco 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis article will explore the impact of various language education policies and their measures on Irish Sign Language (ISL) in Irish deaf education. The focus will be on how previous and current policy decisions regarding language education have affected the use and recognition of ISL as a legitimate language in the education system. The article will discuss both deaf schools and mainstream schools. The article will briefly provide an overview of ISL's history in Ireland, including its recognition as a language in 2017 by legislation (ISL Act 2017) and the current policies regarding its use in education. The impact of these policies on the development and use of ISL in deaf education will be concisely examined, including issues of access to education, teacher training, and curriculum development. Additionally, attitudes towards ISL will be briefly examined. The article will conclude with the ongoing challenges and opportunities for improving the status of ISL in Irish deaf education through policy reform and community advocacy.
A limit theorem for runs containing two types of contaminations
Authors: Fazekas István , Fazekas Borbála , Suja Michael Ochieng 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, sequences of trials having three outcomes are studied. The outcomes are labelled as success, failure of type I and failure of type II. A run is called at most

$$1+1$$

1
+
1

contaminated, if it contains at most one failure of type I and at most one failure of type II. The accompanying distribution for the length of the longest at most

$$1+1$$

1
+
1

contaminated run is obtained. The proof is based on a powerful lemma of Csáki, Földes and Komlós. Besides a mathematical proof, simulation results supporting our theorem are also presented.
Lack of cellular prion protein causes Amyloid β accumulation, increased extracellular vesicle abundance, and changes to exosome biogenesis proteins
Authors: Johansson Lovisa , Reyes Juan F. , Ali Tahir , Schätzl Hermann , Gilch Sabine , Hallbeck Martin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression is closely linked to the propagation of pathological Amyloid β (Aβ), a process increasingly understood to involve extracellular vesicles (EVs), namely exosomes. The specifics of Aβ packaging into exosomes remain elusive, although evidence suggests an ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport)-independent origin to be responsible in spreading of AD pathogenesis. Intriguingly, PrPC, known to influence exosome abundance and bind oligomeric Aβ (oAβ), can be released in exosomes via both ESCRT-dependent and ESCRT-independent pathways, raising questions about its role in oAβ trafficking. Thus, we quantified Aβ levels within EVs, cell medium, and intracellularly, alongside exosome biogenesis-related proteins, following deletion or overexpression of PrPC. The same parameters were also evaluated in the presence of specific exosome inhibitors, namely Manumycin A and GW4869. Our results revealed that deletion of PrPC increases intracellular Aβ accumulation and amplifies EV abundance, alongside significant changes in cellular levels of exosome biogenesis-related proteins Vps25, Chmp2a, and Rab31. In contrast, cellular expression of PrPC did not alter exosomal Aβ levels. This highlights PrPC’s influence on exosome biogenesis, albeit not in direct Aβ packaging. Additionally, our data confirm the ESCRT-independent exosome release of Aβ and we show a direct reduction in Chmp2a levels upon oAβ challenge. Furthermore, inhibition of opposite exosome biogenesis pathway resulted in opposite cellular PrPC levels. In conclusion, our findings highlight the intricate relationship between PrPC, exosome biogenesis, and Aβ release. Specifically, they underscore PrPC’s critical role in modulating exosome-associated proteins, EV abundance, and cellular Aβ levels, thereby reinforcing its involvement in AD pathogenesis.

Graphical abstract

There are two main exosome biogenesis pathways: ESCRT dependent and ESCRT independent. In this study, we explored the effect of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) on the release of Amyloid β via exosomes. Our findings demonstrate that Amyloid β mainly is released via an ESCRT-independent pathway, independent of PrPC. However, lack of PrPC resulted in upregulation of the ESCRT-dependent proteins Tsg101 and VPS25, a decrease in Chmp2a, and an overall increase in extracellular vesicles. Lack of PrPC also caused an accumulation of cellular, but not exosomal, Amyloid β.
Inhomogeneous broadening effects on bistable behavior in a hybrid optomechanical system
Authors: Sharaby Y. A. , Mohamed A. A. , Kandil I. M. , Hassan S. S. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractOptical bistability is investigated for optomechanical system composed of an ensemble of inhomogeneously broadened two-level atoms embedded between the two mirrors of the optical cavity, that is subjected to two input (strong and probe) fields. We consider two types of inhomogeneous broadened distributions, namely, Lorentzian and Gaussian line shapes. The first order harmonic components of the output fields (due to the presence of probe field) show reversed and knotted bistability shapes simultaneously with the standard bistable shape of the fundamental component of the field at frequency $$\omega _{c}$$

ω
c

. The inhomogeneous broadened line width for both Lorentzian and Gaussian distribution affects the dispersive switching of the system, as well as the bistable behavior. Locations of the maxima of photon numbers associated with higher harmonics of the output fields are identified with respect to the probe field frequency.
How representative is the Swedish PISA sample? A comparison of PISA and register data
Authors: Borger Linda , Johansson Stefan , Strietholt Rolf 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPISA aims to serve as a “global yardstick” for educational success, as measured by student performance. For comparisons to be meaningful across countries or over time, PISA samples must be representative of the population of 15-year-old students in each country. Exclusions and non-response can undermine this representativeness and potentially bias estimates of student performance. Unfortunately, testing the representativeness of PISA samples is typically infeasible due to unknown population parameters. To address this issue, we integrate PISA 2018 data with comprehensive Swedish registry data, which includes all students in Sweden. Utilizing various achievement measures, we find that the Swedish PISA sample significantly overestimates the achievement levels in Sweden. The observed difference equates to standardized effect sizes ranging fromd = .19 to .28, corresponding to approximately 25 points on the PISA scale or an additional year of schooling. The paper concludes with a plea for more rigorous quality standards and their strict enforcement.
Downscaling crop production data to fine scale estimates with geostatistics and remote sensing: a case study in mapping cotton fibre quality
Authors: Tilse M. J. , Filippi P. , Whelan B. , Bishop T. F. A. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
A generalised approach to downscale areal observations of crop production data is illustrated using cotton yield and fibre quality (length and micronaire) data which is measured as a module (areal/block) average.

Methods
Two features of the downscaling algorithm are; (i) to estimate spatial trends in yield and quality using regression with fine resolution predictors such as remote sensing imagery, and (ii) use area-to-point kriging (A2PK) to downscale either the observations in the absence of a useful spatial trend model or the residuals from the trend model (if useful) from areal averages.

Results
Correlations with remote sensing covariates were stronger for cotton fibre yield than for cotton fibre micronaire, and much stronger compared to those for cotton fibre length. Spatial trends in cotton fibre yield and micronaire could be estimated with good model quality using regression with remote sensing covariates with or without A2PK in almost all fields. Conversely, model quality was poorer for cotton fibre length and there was only a small difference in model performance between the null and trend models. When the downscaling approach was tested using fine-resolution yield observations, model performance was poorer at a fine-resolution compared to the module-resolution, which was to be expected.

Conclusion
This approach enables the creation of high-resolution raster maps of variables of interest with a much finer spatial resolution compared to the areal observations, and can be applied for any areal averaged crop production data in a range of broadacre and horticultural industries (e.g. sugarcane, apples, citrus). The finer spatial resolution may allow growers or agronomists to better understand the drivers of variability within fields, assess management implications, and create management plans at a higher resolution.
On-farm cereal rye biomass estimation using machine learning on images from an unmanned aerial system
Authors: KC Kushal , Romanko Matthew , Perrault Andrew , Khanal Sami 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study assesses the potential of using multispectral images collected by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) on machine learning (ML) frameworks to estimate cereal rye (Secale cereal L.) biomass. Multispectral images and ground-truth cereal rye biomass data were collected from 15 farmers’ fields up to three times between March and May in northwest Ohio. Images were processed to derive 13 vegetation indices (VIs). Out of 13 VIs, six optimal sets of VIs, including excess green (ExG), normalized green red difference index (NGRDI), soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), blue green ratio (B_G_ratio), red-edge triangular vegetation index (RTVI), and normalized difference red-edge (NDRE) were selected using the variance inflation factor (VIF) based feature selection approach. Six regression models including a multiple linear regression (MLR), elastic net (ENET), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) were investigated for estimation of cereal rye biomass based on the VIs. For most of the models, the six selected VIs performed better than or similar to the full set of 13 VIs with R2 ranging from 0.24 to 0.59 and RMSE ranging from 83.13 to 91.89 g/m2 during 10-fold cross-validation. During independent accuracy assessment with the selected set of VIs, XGB exhibited the highest R2 (0.67) and lowest RMSE (83.13 g/m2) and MAE (48.13 g/m2) followed by RF and ENET. For all the models, the agreement between observed and predicted biomass was high for biomass less than or equal to 200 g/m2 but decreased for biomass greater than 200 g/m2. When field-collected structural features were integrated with the selected VIs, the models showed improved performance, with R2 and RMSE of the models reaching up to 0.82 and 61.67 g/m2 respectively. Among the six VIs, SAVI showed the strongest impact on the model prediction for the best-performing RF and XGB regression models. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of precisely estimating and mapping cereal rye biomass based on UAS-captured multispectral images. Timely information on cover crop growth can facilitate numerous decision-making processes, including planning the planting operations, and management of nutrients, weeds, and soil moisture to improve agronomic and environmental outcomes.
Keeping pace with the digital transformation — exploring the digital orientation of SMEs
Authors: Escoz Barragan Kevin , Becker Felix Simon Rudolf 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the digital era, organizations strategically adopt digital transformation to thrive and prosper. In particular, they allocate substantial resources to cultivate digital orientation. However, limited research has explored how digital orientation impacts the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Our study sheds light on this relationship, examining it through the lens of a resource-based view (RBV) and dynamic capability (DC) perspective. We empirically quantify digital orientation and its subdimensions using textual data extracted from SME websites. Our findings unveil a U-shaped relationship: while high performance is observable at both extremes of the spectrum, an initial increase in digital orientation is associated with performance setbacks until a specific threshold of digital orientation is reached, after which performance once again begins to improve. As a result, SMEs should consider a strategic allocation of resources while pursuing digital orientation to build capabilities during their digital transformation journey.
Autophagy alterations in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: the evidence from human studies
Authors: Jakubek Patrycja , Pakula Barbara , Rossmeisl Martin , Pinton Paolo , Rimessi Alessandro , Wieckowski Mariusz Roman 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAutophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and its impairment has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This review synthesizes the current evidence from human studies on autophagy alterations under these metabolic conditions. In obesity, most data point to autophagy upregulation during the initiation phase of autophagosome formation, potentially in response to proinflammatory conditions in the adipose tissue. Autophagosome formation appears to be enhanced under hyperglycemic or insulin-resistant conditions in patients with T2D, possibly acting as a compensatory mechanism to eliminate damaged organelles and proteins. Other studies have proposed that prolonged hyperglycemia and disrupted insulin signaling hinder autophagic flux, resulting in the accumulation of dysfunctional cellular components that can contribute to β-cell dysfunction. Evidence from patients with MASLD supports autophagy inhibition in disease progression. Nevertheless, given the available data, it is difficult to ascertain whether autophagy is enhanced or suppressed in these conditions because the levels of autophagy markers depend on the overall metabolism of specific organs, tissues, experimental conditions, or disease duration. Owing to these constraints, determining whether the observed shifts in autophagic activity precede or result from metabolic diseases remains challenging. Additionally, autophagy-modulating strategies are shortly discussed. To conclude, more studies investigating autophagy impairment are required to gain a more comprehensive understanding of its role in the pathogenesis of obesity, T2D, and MASLD and to unveil novel therapeutic strategies for these conditions.
Enhancing organizational citizenship behavior towards the environment
Authors: Jankelová Nadežda , Némethová Ildikó , Dabić Marina , Kallmuenzer Andreas 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Organizational citizenship behavior towards the environment (OCBTE) represents an influential tool for environmental policy implementation in local governments. The present study examines this behavior among the immediate managers of local governments as they are considered essential conduits for transmitting environmental values to employees and citizens living in the administered municipal areas. The study's primary purpose is to explore the relationships of instrumental support for the environment (ISE) of mayors and immediate managers’ OCBTE in municipal governments through mediation-moderation analyses and bring original insights to local government governance. A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 420 managers. The hypotheses were verified through structural equation modelling using SmartPLS 3.3 software. Findings indicate a direct relationship between the mayors’ ISE and the immediate management employees’ OCBTE in the municipalities. The mediating effects of the stakeholder demand (SD) and person-organization fit (POF) hypotheses were confirmed. A significant positive moderating effect of trust in the mayor was also approved. There was no moderating effect confirmed for commitment towards the mayor. These results extend our understanding of the mechanisms behind the pro-environmental micro-level additional role of employee behavior in local government settings and provide new insights into the factors that positively correlate with these behaviors.
Iron Metabolism, Calcium, Magnesium and Trace Elements: A Review
Authors: Rolić Tara , Yazdani Mazyar , Mandić Sanja , Distante Sonia 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIron (Fe) is fundamental to life on earth. In the human body, it is both essential and harmful if above threshold. A similar balance applies to other elements: calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and trace elements including copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and nickel (Ni). These elements share some proteins involved in the absorption and transport of Fe. Cu and Cd can inhibit Fe absorption, while excess of Fe may antagonize Cu metabolism and reduce ceruloplasmin (Cp). Excessive Fe can hinder Zn absorption and transferrin (Trf) can bind to both Zn and Ni. Ca is able to inhibit the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) in a dose-dependent manner to reduce Fe absorption and low Mg concentrations can exacerbate Fe deficiency. Pb competitively inhibits Fe distribution and elevated Cd absorption reduces Fe uptake. Exposure to Hg is associated with higher ferritin concentrations and Ni alters intracellular Fe metabolism. Fe removal by phlebotomy in hemochromatosis patients has shown to increase the levels of Cd and Pb and alter the concentrations of trace elements in some types of anemia. Yet, the effects of chronic exposure of most trace elements remain poorly understood.
Levels of Rare Earth Elements in Food and Human Dietary Exposure: A Review
Authors: González Neus , Domingo Jose L. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractRare earth elements (REEs) are a group consisting of the following 17 metals: Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Pm, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y and Yb. In the current century, the number of applications of REEs has significantly increased. They are being used as components in high technology devices of great importance industrial/economic. However, information on the risk of human exposure to REEs, as well as the potential toxic effects of these elements is still limited. In general terms, dietary intake is the main route of exposure to metals for non-occupationally exposed individuals, which should be also expected for REEs. The current paper aimed at reviewing the studies -conducted over the world- that focused on determining the levels of REEs in foods, as well as the dietary intake of these elements. Most studies do not suggest potential health risk for consumers of freshwater and marine species of higher consumption, or derived from the intake of a number of vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, as well as other various foodstuffs (honey, tea, rice, etc.). The current estimated daily intake (EDI) of REEs does not seem to be of concern. However, considering the expected wide use of these elements in the next years, it seems to be clearly recommendable to assess periodically the potential health risk of the dietary exposure to REEs. This is already being done with well-known toxic elements such as As, Cd, Pb and Hg, among other potentially toxic metals.