bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐Catholicism, Incorrigibility and Credulity in the Warming‐Pan Scandal of 1688‐9
Authors: MCTAGUE JOHN 
Published: February 2013

AbstractExploring the conspiratorial fictions surrounding the birth of James Francis Edward Stuart, prince of Wales, in 1688, this article argues for the centrality of confessional language and feeling in the representation of the revolution of 1688‐9. The warming‐pan scandal and related fictions, I argue, use obscurity and a (perceived) lack of evidence as the starting‐point for a kind of propaganda that relies heavily on the suspension of disbelief, ironically demanding readerly faith in a sceptical, satirical, iconoclastic and pseudo‐scientific deconstruction of an invented plot which ridicules Catholics for their implicit faith.
Cost analysis of intracranial aneurysmal repair by endovascular coiling versus flow diversion: At what size should we use which method?
Authors: Chiu Albert H , Nadarajah Mahen , Wenderoth Jason D 
Published: February 2013

AbstractIntroductionFlow diverters enable intracranial aneurysmal repair without the need to enter the aneurysm sac. Concerns, however, have been raised regarding the cost compared with coiling techniques. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative costs for different aneurysm sizes to ascertain if different sizes are more cost‐effectively treated by a particular method.MethodsPatients undergoing aneurysmal repair at two neurovascular referral centres between September 2005 and August 2010 were included; patients who underwent coiling for recurrences of prior microneurosurgical clipping were excluded. These aneurysms were stratified into three size groups. The average and median number of coils or flow diverters and the average and median costs of treatment of each size category were calculated.ResultsFour hundred twenty‐nine aneurysms were treated. Of these, 409 were coiled with or without assist devices. Forty‐eight per cent fell under Group A (<7 mm), 36% under Group B (7–12 mm) and 16% under Group C (>12 mm). Twenty aneurysms were flow diverted. Of these, 14 were treated de novo, five previously coiled and one previously clipped. Twenty per cent belonged in Group A, 25% in Group B and 55% in Group C. The highest procedural costs in the coiling group were Group C aneurysms requiring stent assistance, with an average of $24 563 (median $23 860). Using flow diversion, the average was $24 650 (median $16 490).ConclusionGiven the price parity threshold crossed for aneurysms >12 mm requiring stent assistance and the relative ease of the flow diverter technique, we suggest that flow diversion should be considered the first‐line treatment for aneurysms in this category.
Competing tadpoles: Australian native frogs affect invasive cane toads (Rhinella marina) in natural waterbodies
Authors: Cabrera‐Guzmán Elisa , Crossland Michael R. , Shine Richard 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThe cane toad (Rhinella marina) is one of the most successful invasive species worldwide, and has caused significant negative impacts on Australian fauna. Experimental work in the laboratory and in mesocosms has shown that tadpoles of native frogs can affect survival, size at metamorphosis and duration of larval period of cane toad tadpoles. To test if these effects occur in nature, we conducted a field experiment using two temporary ponds where we set up enclosures with tadpoles of native green tree frogs (Litoria caerulea) and cane toads in treatments with a range of densities and combinations. The presence of green tree frog tadpoles significantly decreased the growth rate of toad tadpoles and increased the duration of their larval period in both ponds; in one pond, frog tadpoles also significantly reduced the body length and mass of metamorph toads. Toad tadpoles did not have any significant negative effects on green tree frog tadpoles, but there was strong intraspecific competition within the latter species: increased frog tadpole density resulted in increased larval period and reduced survival, growth rate and size at metamorphosis for frogs at one or both ponds. Our results are encouraging for the possibility of using native frogs as one component of an integrated approach to the biological control of cane toads.
Dexamethasone iontophoresis for the treatment of nail psoriasis
Authors: Van Le Quynh , Howard Anne 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundSevere nail psoriasis can impact significantly on quality of life and is difficult to treat.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of all patients treated with dexamethasone iontophoresis weekly for at least 3 months at our specialist nail clinic between 1996 and 2011. Response to treatment was assessed on clinical photographs using the nail psoriasis severity index (NAPSI) scoring.ResultsIn all, 27 patients were assessed, of whom 81 per cent showed an improvement in their nails. The treatment was well tolerated, with only one patient reporting fissuring of the fingertips.ConclusionsDexamethasone iontophoresis may be a useful treatment of this generally recalcitrant condition.
The Right to the City and Critical Reflections on China's Property Rights Activism
Authors: Shin Hyun Bang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWholesale clearance and eviction that typify China's urban development have often resulted in discontents among urban residents, giving rise to what critics refer to as property rights activism. This paper is an attempt to critically revisit the existing debates on the property rights activism in China. The paper refers to the perspective of the “right to the city” to examine whose rights count in China's urban development contexts and proposes a cross‐class alliance that engages both migrants and local citizens. The alliance itself will have substantial political implications, overcoming the limited level of rights awareness that mainly rests on distributional justice in China. The discussions are supported by an analysis of empirical data from the author's field research in Guangzhou, which examines how local and non‐local (migrant) residents view nail‐households resisting demolition and forced eviction.
Regional scale gradients of climate and nitrogen deposition drive variation in ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with native Scots pine
Authors: Jarvis S. , Woodward S. , Alexander I. J. , Taylor A. F. S. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractEctomycorrhizal fungi commonly associate with the roots of forest trees where they enhance nutrient and water uptake, promote seedling establishment and have an important role in forest nutrient cycling. Predicting the response of ectomycorrhizal fungi to environmental change is an important step to maintaining forest productivity in the future. These predictions are currently limited by an incomplete understanding of the relative significance of environmental drivers in determining the community composition of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi at large spatial scales. To identify patterns of community composition in ECM fungi along regional scale gradients of climate and nitrogen deposition in Scotland, fungal communities were analysed from 15 seminatural Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests. Fungal taxa were identified by sequencing of the ITS rDNA region using fungal‐specific primers. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling was used to assess the significance of 16 climatic, pollutant and edaphic variables on community composition. Vector fitting showed that there was a strong influence of rainfall and soil moisture on community composition at the species level, and a smaller impact of temperature on the abundance of ectomycorrhizal exploration types. Nitrogen deposition was also found to be important in determining community composition, but only when the forest experiencing the highest deposition (9.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1) was included in the analysis. This finding supports previously published critical load estimates for ectomycorrhizal fungi of 5–10 kg N ha−1 yr−1. This work demonstrates that both climate and nitrogen deposition can drive gradients of fungal community composition at a regional scale.
Impacts of ocean acidification on marine organisms: quantifying sensitivities and interaction with warming
Authors: Kroeker Kristy J. , Kordas Rebecca L. , Crim Ryan , Hendriks Iris E. , Ramajo Laura , Singh Gerald S. , Duarte Carlos M. , Gattuso Jean‐Pierre 
Published: February 2013

AbstractOcean acidification represents a threat to marine species worldwide, and forecasting the ecological impacts of acidification is a high priority for science, management, and policy. As research on the topic expands at an exponential rate, a comprehensive understanding of the variability in organisms' responses and corresponding levels of certainty is necessary to forecast the ecological effects. Here, we perform the most comprehensive meta‐analysis to date by synthesizing the results of 228 studies examining biological responses to ocean acidification. The results reveal decreased survival, calcification, growth, development and abundance in response to acidification when the broad range of marine organisms is pooled together. However, the magnitude of these responses varies among taxonomic groups, suggesting there is some predictable trait‐based variation in sensitivity, despite the investigation of approximately 100 new species in recent research. The results also reveal an enhanced sensitivity of mollusk larvae, but suggest that an enhanced sensitivity of early life history stages is not universal across all taxonomic groups. In addition, the variability in species' responses is enhanced when they are exposed to acidification in multi‐species assemblages, suggesting that it is important to consider indirect effects and exercise caution when forecasting abundance patterns from single‐species laboratory experiments. Furthermore, the results suggest that other factors, such as nutritional status or source population, could cause substantial variation in organisms' responses. Last, the results highlight a trend towards enhanced sensitivity to acidification when taxa are concurrently exposed to elevated seawater temperature.
SnO2 Nanosheet–assembled Graded Continuous Film
Authors: Masuda Yoshitake , Kato Kazumi 
Published: February 2013

SnO2 nanosheet–assembled graded continuous films were successfully fabricated in aqueous solutions containing SnF2 of 250 mM at 90°C. Thickness reached 1200 nm after immersion for 24 h. The nanosheets were 100–500 nm in in‐plane sheet size and 5–20 nm in thickness. The graded structures were caused by gradual change in supersaturation degree of the solutions. The films had a‐axis orientation, antireflective effect, band gap of 3.63 eV, and superhydrophilic surfaces. In contrast, the films immersed for 20 m showed band gap of 4.04 eV and contact angle of 58°.
Consumer interpretation of ready to drink orange juice and nectar labelling
Authors: Alessandra Ferrarezi , Karina Olbrich dos Santos , Magali Monteiro 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate consumers' use and interpretation of ready to drink orange juice and nectar label information and its influence on the purchase decision. One hundred and sixty‐seven consumers of ready to drink orange juice and nectar were interviewed. The labels were analysed to evaluate their conformance to Brazilian legislation. The manufacturing and shelf life date were the information most often checked, followed by health related issues. Brand, price and flavour were the most important factors for purchase decision. Brand and flavour showed significant association with consumer age. For most interviewed, ‘nectar’, ‘whole’ and ‘natural’ or ‘100% natural’ were not well understood; they were not in accordance with the Brazilian legislation. ‘Nectar’, ‘whole’ and ‘natural’ or ‘100% natural’ received a positive interpretation, whereas ‘reconstituted juice’ was considered a negative expression. Nevertheless, none of the labels completely conformed to the specific nutritional labelling legislation.
Effect of carp (Cyprinus carpio) oil incorporation on water vapour permeability, mechanical properties and transparency of chitosan films
Authors: Souza Vanderlei C. , Monte Micheli L. , Pinto Luiz A. A. 
Published: February 2013

SummaryThe effect of carp oil incorporation on properties of chitosan films was evaluated. Chitosan and carp oil were obtained from shrimp wastes and viscera respectively. Tests were performed with different values of chitosan: oil ratios, agitation rates, homogenisation times and pH. The optimum conditions for stability of the film–forming dispersions were of 20,000 rpm at 10 min, and 10:1 ratio of chitosan:oil. The highest values of tensile strength and elongation percentage (%E) of films were obtained at pH 3.5. The addition of carp oil in the chitosan films (10:1 ratio) showed an increase in the resistance to diffusion of water vapour (1.7 g mm m−2 day−1 kPa−1) in relation to pure chitosan films (4.1 g mm m−2 day−1 kPa−1). However, pure chitosan films showed better mechanical properties (38 MPa and%E 18%) and transparency than films of chitosan:oil (20.4 MPa and 8.8%).
An Investigation Into Second Language Aptitude for Advanced Chinese Language Learning
Authors: Winke Paula 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTIn this study I examine the construct of aptitude in learning Chinese as a second language (L2) to an advanced level. I test 2 hypotheses: first, that L2 aptitude comprises 4 components—working memory, rote memory, grammatical sensitivity, and phonemic coding ability—and second, that L2 aptitude affects learning both directly and indirectly (mediated by strategy use and motivation). Native speakers of English (n = 96) studying advanced Chinese took the Modern Language Aptitude Test and a phonological working memory test and responded to motivation and strategy use questionnaires. Using end‐of‐course listening, reading, and speaking proficiency test results as measures of Chinese learning, I constructed a structural equation model to test the hypotheses. The model fit the observed data. Of the 4 components foreseen to comprise L2 aptitude, rote memory contributed the most and working memory the least. Aptitude, strategy use, and motivation had about the same impact on learning but varied in how well they predicted the individual skills of listening, reading, and speaking. The results shed light on L2 aptitude in the particular context of an advanced L2 Chinese course.
Factors Influencing the Use of Captions by Foreign Language Learners: An Eye‐Tracking Study
Authors: Winke Paula , Gass Susan , Sydorenko Tetyana 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTThis study investigates caption‐reading behavior by foreign language (L2) learners and, through eye‐tracking methodology, explores the extent to which the relationship between the native and target language affects that behavior. Second‐year (4th semester) English‐speaking learners of Arabic, Chinese, Russian, and Spanish watched 2 videos differing in content familiarity, each dubbed and captioned in the target language. Results indicated that time spent on captions differed significantly by language: Arabic learners spent more time on captions than learners of Spanish and Russian. A significant interaction between language and content familiarity occurred: Chinese learners spent less time on captions in the unfamiliar content video than the familiar, while others spent comparable times on each. Based on dual‐processing and cognitive load theories, we posit that the Chinese learners experienced a split‐attention effect when verbal processing was difficult and that, overall, captioning benefits during the 4th semester of language learning are constrained by L2 differences, including differences in script, vocabulary knowledge, concomitant L2 proficiency, and instructional methods. Results are triangulated with qualitative findings from interviews.
Exploring trust of mobile applications based on user behaviors: an empirical study
Authors: Yan Zheng , Dong Yan , Niemi Valtteri , Yu Guoliang 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis paper explores trust of mobile applications based on users' behaviors. It proposes a trust behavior construct through principal component analysis, reliability analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis based on the data collected from a questionnaire survey with more than 1,500 participants. It is indicated that a user's trust behavior is composed of three principal constructs: using behavior, reflection behavior, and correlation behavior. They are further delineated into 12 measurable sub‐constructs and relate to a number of external factors. The data analysis showed that the questionnaire has positive psychometric properties with respect to construct validity and reliability. We also discuss the practical significance and limitations of our work toward usable trust management.
Controlled attenuation parameter for non‐invasive assessment of hepatic steatosis: Does etiology affect performance?
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Rastogi Archana , Singh Tarandeep , Behari Chhagan , Gupta Ekta , Garg Hitendra , Kumar Ramesh , Bhatia Vikram , Sarin Shiv K 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundHepatic steatosis is an important parameter to assess in chronic liver disease patients. The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) assesses liver steatosis using transient elastography.AimTo determine the accuracy of CAP for evaluation of hepatic steatosis in chronic hepatitis B virus (CHBV)‐infected, chronic hepatitis C virus (CHCV)‐infected, and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients and to determine the influence of etiology on the diagnostic accuracy of CAP.MethodsOne hundred forty‐six CHBV patients, 108 CHCV‐infected patients and 63 patients with NAFLD, who underwent both liver biopsy and successful CAP measurements within the study period, were assessed. Area under the receiver operating characteristics was used to evaluate performance of CAP for diagnosing steatosis compared with biopsy.ResultsMultivariate analysis found that CAP correlated with body mass index (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval = 4.09 [1.2–6.8] for CHBV; 4.7 [1.1–8.4] for CHCV, and 16.2 [9.1–24.5] for NAFLD patients respectively) and hepatic steatosis score on biopsy (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval = 30.7 [19.2–42.2] for CHBV; 24.2 [11.5–37.3] for CHCV, and 21.8 [10.1–45.0] for NAFLD patients respectively). Area under the receiver operating characteristics for CAP was 0.683 (0.601–0.757) for steatosis (S) ≥ 6%, 0.793 (0.718–0.856) for S > 33%, and 0.841 (0.771–0.896) for S > 66% respectively for CHBV‐infected patients. There was no difference in accuracy of CAP for assessing liver fat among CHBV, CHCV, and NAFLD patients.ConclusionsCAP is a novel, non‐invasive tool that can detect and quantify steatosis accurately among CHBV, CHCV, and NAFLD patients, the accuracy being similar for all the three groups of patients.
Serum endotoxin, inflammatory mediators, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy before and after treatment in patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Authors: Jain Lokesh , Sharma Barjesh Chander , Srivastava Siddharth , Puri Sunil Kumar , Sharma Praveen , Sarin Shiv 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundMinimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) represents the mildest form of hepatic encephalopathy (HE), with abnormal neuropsychologic findings. Inflammatory response may be important in the pathogenesis of MHE. On magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), improvement of metabolic ratios after liver transplantation suggests an important role of myoinositol (mI) and choline (cho) in the development of MHE.AimsTo investigate arterial ammonia, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐18, serum endotoxin, and MRS before and after treatment in MHE.Patients and MethodsSixty patients of cirrhosis with MHE were randomized to two groups, Gr. MHE‐L (n = 30), treated with lactulose for 3 months, and Gr. MHE‐NL (n = 30), who did not received lactulose. Arterial ammonia, TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐18, serum endotoxin, and MRS were performed in all patients at baseline and at 3 months and 20 patients of cirrhosis without MHE and 20 healthy controls.ResultsAfter 3 months, median arterial ammonia (69.4 vs 52.7 mcg/dL), TNF‐α (26.6 vs 22 pg/mL), IL‐6 (17.6 vs 12.4 pg/mL), IL‐18 (42.5 vs 29 pg/mL), and serum endotoxin (0.68 vs 0.43 EU/mL) significantly decreased in Gr. MHE‐L compared with baseline (P < 0.0001), while no change was seen in Gr. MHE‐NL patients. On MRS, compared with patients of cirrhosis without MHE, mI and cho were significantly lower (P < 0.001) and glutamine (Glx) was significantly higher in both MHE groups (P < 0.001). After 3 months, mI and cho increased and Glx decreased significantly in Gr. MHE‐L (P < 0.001), without changes in Gr. MHE‐NL patients. Psychometric hepatic encephalopathic score (PHES) correlated well with arterial ammonia, TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐18, serum endotoxin, and metabolic parameters on MRS.ConclusionsArterial ammonia, inflammatory mediators (TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐18), and serum endotoxin reduce and MRS abnormalities improve after treatment with lactulose in patients with MHE.
Implications of culture positivity in acute pancreatitis: Does the source matter?
Authors: Rao Chalapathi , Bhasin Deepak Kumar , Rana Surinder Singh , Gupta Rajesh , Gautam Vikas , Singh Kartar 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackground and AimsSepsis is an important complication and cause of morbidity and mortality in acute pancreatitis (AP). The source of sepsis may be infected pancreatic and peripancreatic collections and/or necrosis or extrapancreatic including infections in the bloodstream or respiratory and urinary tracts. We studied the implications of the source of sepsis on various outcome parameters in AP like persistent organ failure (POF), length of hospital (LOH) stay, and mortality.MethodsA retrospective analysis of culture reports of AP patients was done, and the outcome parameters were recorded.ResultsThree hundred fifty‐seven patients (229 M; age: 40.3 ± 14.04 years) of AP who had detailed culture reports were included. Eighty‐four (23.5%) patients had pancreatic (or peripancreatic) source (group 1), 52 (14.6%) patients had other (extrapancreatic) sources (group 2), 20 (5.6%) patients were noted to have positive cultures from sources, which were both pancreatic and extrapancreatic (combined) sources (group 3), while 201 patients had sterile cultures. POF was seen in 147 (48%) patients (group 1: 67.8%; group 2: 65%; group 3: 90%; group 4: 34% [P < 0.001]). The mean LOH stay was 22.1 ± 20.26 days (group 1: 30.2 ± 20.64 days; group 2: 26.4 ± 26.82 days; group 3: 47.3 ± 32.60 days; group 4: 15.2 ± 11.34 days [P < 0.001]). Seventy (19.7%) patients succumbed to their illness (group 1 [22.9%]; group 2 [36.5%]; group 3 [40%]; group 4 [12%] [P < 0.001]).ConclusionsPOF and LOH stay were more common in patients with combined pancreatic and extrapancreatic sources of sepsis. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with sepsis (groups 1, 2, 3) compared with sterile groups.