bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Novel Loci Regulating Interspecific Variation in Root Morphology and Cellular Development in Tomato
Authors: Ron Mily , Dorrity Michael W. , de Lucas Miguel , Toal Ted , Hernandez R. Ivan , Little Stefan A. , Maloof Julin N. , Kliebenstein Daniel J. , Brady Siobhan M. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWhile the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) root has been elegantly characterized with respect to specification of cell identity, its development is missing a number of cellular features present in other species. We have characterized the root development of a wild and a domesticated tomato species, Solanum pennellii and Solanum lycopersicum ‘M82.’ We found extensive differences between these species for root morphology and cellular development including root length, a novel gravity set point angle, differences in cortical cell layer patterning, stem cell niche structure, and radial cell division. Using an introgression line population between these two species, we identified numerous loci that regulate these distinct aspects of development. Specifically we comprehensively identified loci that regulate (1) root length by distinct mechanisms including regulation of cell production within the meristem and the balance between cell division and expansion, (2) the gravity set point angle, and (3) radial cell division or expansion either in specific cell types or generally across multiple cell types. Our findings provide a novel perspective on the regulation of root growth and development between species. These loci have exciting implications with respect to regulation of drought resistance or salinity tolerance and regulation of root development in a family that has undergone domestication.
Trade unions and the pension crisis: defending member interests in a neoliberal world
Authors: Grady Jo 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw upon empirical research in order to demonstrate the ways in which trade unions have responded to the so‐called current UK pension crisis.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses both theoretical approaches to neoliberalism, and empirical research in the form of interviews, to examine the contradictions between the rhetoric and reality of government policy towards, and trade union responses to, pension reform in the UK.FindingsThat trade unions have been constrained by: the fact that the labour party, which they support, has been in government but has increasingly become receptive to neoliberal economic policies; and by the broader discourse of pension reform, advanced by elites that are committed to neoliberal reforms to the British welfare state.Research limitations/implicationsThe scope of the paper is large and thus certain issues regarding the pension crisis and ideology are not covered in as much detail as would be preferred.Practical implicationsThe paper offers forward a unique critique regarding the current favoured pension policies and solutions.Originality/valueThis paper draws upon front‐line theoretical contributions and combines them with the author's interviews with leading trade union general secretaries. As such, it is a unique insight into not only the current so‐called “pensions crisis” but also the responses of trade unions, and the labour movement more broadly, to this constructed dilemma.
The work‐to‐retirement transition of academic staff: attitudes and experiences
Authors: Davies Eleanor , Jenkins Andrew 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the significance of the work‐to‐retirement transition for academic staff from a life course perspective and the manner in which individuals have managed the transition.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 32 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with academic staff from ten Universities in England. The data are analysed using matrix analysis.FindingsMarked differences in the experience of the work‐to‐retirement transition were found and five groups are identified which characterise the significance of retirement. Clean Breakers view retirement as a welcome release from work. Opportunists and Continuing Scholars use retirement to re‐negotiate the employment relationship. The Reluctant consider retirement as a loss of a valued source of identity and the Avoiders are undecided about retirement plans.Research limitations/implicationsThe focus of the study is at the individual level. A more complete understanding of retirement decisions would encompass organisational approaches to retirement issues.Practical implicationsThere are practical implications for academics approaching retirement. Not all academics wish to continue to engage in academic work in retirement. For those who do, opportunities are predominantly available to staff with stronger social and professional capital. Continued engagement necessitates personal adaptability and tolerance to ambiguity. Staff who are planning their careers might build such factors into retirement planning.Social implicationsOrganisations need to rethink their responsibilities in managing retirement processes as they face an increasing variety of retirement expectations in the workforce. Given the unfolding de‐institutionalisation of retirement, both individuals and organisations need to re‐negotiate their respective roles.Originality/valueThe paper characterises the diversity of modes of experiencing retirement by academic staff, highlighting differences between the groups.
What makes managers effective in Mexico?
Authors: Ruiz Carlos E. , Wang Jia , Hamlin Robert G. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe aim of this study was to identify what people in Mexican organizations perceive as effective and ineffective managerial behavior.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative study based on the grounded theory approach was conducted. Interviews using the critical incident techniques were conducted with 35 participants from six different companies located in Yucatan, Mexico.FindingsResults suggest that effective managers in Mexico are considered approachable, democratic, fair, considerate, understanding, supportive, caring, and hard working with problem solving skills.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is based on the responses of participants located in one region of Mexico. This study focused on the perceptions of Mexican participants only.Practical implicationsFindings of this study have practical implications for human resources professionals, Mexican managers, and expatriates who manage operations and manage people in Mexico. Human resources professionals can use the findings of this study to develop programs for leadership and management development. For Mexican managers, this study set parameters of what is considered effective or ineffective management behavior. Also, the findings of this study can help multinational companies better prepare expatriates for their international assignments in Mexico.Originality/valueThe article explores leadership practices internationally.
Authentic leadership and implicit theory: a normative form of leadership?
Authors: Nichols Thomas W. , Erakovich Rod 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThis empirical study aims to consider the stability and connection of implicit leadership theories to authentic leadership using performance feedback as a first step in a larger research agenda.Design/methodology/approachScenarios were created to operationalize implicit and authentic leadership, manipulate implicit leadership theory between followers and leaders, and discover perceptions of leader effectiveness. The use of scenarios was purposely intended to create anticipatory future research agendas.FindingsComponents of authentic leadership may be a part of implicit leadership theory and leadership performance feedback may alter leader and follower implicit leadership theories.Research limitations/implicationsData collected in this study were from students’ perceptions, and did not infer causality between constructs. This study is also subject to mono‐operation and mono‐method bias.Originality/valueThis research provides an extension of theory in several ways: by looking at the authentic leadership paradigm; and by viewing perceptions of leader authentic effectiveness as a continuous influence on implicit leadership theories.
Is beauty in the eye of the beholder? Gender and beauty in the cosmetics sector
Authors: Kim Jaeil , Han WoongHee , Kim DongTae , Paramita Widya 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the use of a male decorative model, so called Kkot Minam in Korean, can be effective in Indonesia as well as in Korea, and whether consumers from different cultural and religious backgrounds will respond differently to this kind of advertisement.Design/methodology/approachA personal interview survey was used to collect the data. The respondents, 159 Koreans and 149 Indonesians, were female consumers in their twenties. They represent the target market of “The Face Shop” brand, whose advertisement was used in this research. Structural equation model was employed to test the hypotheses.FindingsOverall results indicate that the use of Kkot Minam in cosmetics advertisement is effective in Indonesia. The findings also showed that religiosity affects Indonesian consumers’ attitudes toward Kkot Minam. However, when attitudes toward Korean wave were used as a moderating variable, the negative effect of religiosity on attitudes diminished.Practical implicationsCompanies in emerging markets may use decorative male models in advertising once the social and economic status of women reaches a certain level.Originality/valueThe present study investigates the effect of a decorative male model on the attitudes of consumers with different cultural and religious backgrounds, using Korean wave as a moderating variable in the same research setting.
The internet as an alternative path to internationalization?
Authors: Sinkovics Noemi , Sinkovics Rudolf R. , “Bryan” Jean Ruey‐Jer 
Published: April 2013

PurposeWhile the internet enjoys increasing interest regarding its potential to extend the global reach of firms, especially small and medium‐sized firms (SMEs), little work has been done on the viability of the internet as a new and effective path to internationalization. Specifically, it is unclear how the internet can successfully support export marketing. The purpose of this paper is to examine the drivers and performance outcomes of two patterns of internet use supporting export marketing: the internet as an alternative to a physical presence and the internet as a sales channel.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 115UK‐based SMEs involved in “active online internationalization”. Relationships are examined in a “soft‐modeling” partial least squares (PLS) analysis.FindingsThe findings suggest that online channel support positively enhances export performance for SMEs. Yet, the use of the internet as an alternative to a physical market presence does not lead to higher export performance. Specifically, born‐global firms that are relying too much on the internet are prone to fall into the “virtuality trap”. Entrepreneurial firms that use the internet as a sales channel can improve their overall performance, however.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper provides some empirical evidence of the existence of the notion of the “virtuality trap”. The paper also shows that the internet can serve a valuable complementary role. Traditional exporters are likely to use the internet as a complement to, and thus to support, existing physical operations.Practical implicationsManagers should focus on relationship building and on‐site learning, instead of putting too much emphasis on the internet as a substitute for a physical market presence.Originality/valueThe authors develop a framework and explore previously untested relationships that suggest the internet may play a complementary role in firm internationalization.
Cost‐effective importance measure
Authors: Gupta Suprakash , Bhattacharya Jayanta , Barabady Javad , Kumar Uday 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose a new measure for criticality analysis of different components of a production plant, called cost‐effective importance measure (CEIM) that considers the component's performance, system structure and economic aspects.Design/methodology/approachIn this work, an explorative literature study covering the concept of importance measure and criticality analysis has been carried out on contemporary literature. The literature study shows that the commonly used importance measures consider the probability of failure of a component and systems structure, and ignore the effect or severity of failures, which is an important factor in engineering decision making. It is not clear how to use the concept of importance measure in combination with cost parameter. Hence, a cost‐effective importance measure (CEIM) is defined and a case study is presented, to demonstrate the application of the proposed importance measure.FindingsThe paper indicates that CEIM useful for the analysis of production plants where reliability and cost of break down are of paramount importance.Research limitations/implicationsThe concept of CEIM is demonstrated using only a case study of a belt conveyor system in the underground mine of Singareni Coal Company Ltd. However, the concept of CEIM can be used in other area.Practical implicationsThe concept of CEIM can be a handy and effective tool for scheduling of inspection, maintenance and fault diagnosis and these activities can be carried out as per the rank of the components to maximize the benefits in skilled manpower crunch. It also indicates that the upgradation of the production plant's performance can also be done by improving performance of components with relatively large CEIM values.Originality/valueIn this paper, the concept of importance measure is extended to include the effect of severity of failures and cost parameter in the criticality analysis.
Multi‐faceted views on a Lean Six Sigma application
Authors: Assarlind Marcus , Gremyr Ida , Bäckman Kristoffer 
Published: April 2013

PurposeLean and Six Sigma observers, researchers and managers are awaiting the next step, which many feel could take the form of a combination of the two concepts, known as Lean Six Sigma. The purpose of this paper is to explore an application of Lean Six Sigma in practical improvement work, as a way of identifying factors of importance for improving future Lean Six Sigma applications.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical study was conducted through interviews, meetings, document analysis and observations over a period of four months.FindingsThe findings of this study suggest it is unfeasible to apply one standardised approach to improvements in one company. Continuous smaller improvements and larger improvement projects demand different formulas. It is appropriate to use Lean and Six Sigma in parallel but this should be done through clever cross‐fertilisation, such as taking variations in project complexity into consideration.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper shows one way of working with an improvement initiative in one particular company. It does not propose that this is the only way to combine Lean and Six Sigma nor does it suggest universal applicability. Further research on other possible combinations would be valuable.Practical implicationsThis paper provides an outline of how to structure a combination of Lean and Six Sigma. This could provide valuable insights to managers who wish to structure their improvement processes depending on the type of problem at hand.Originality/valueThis paper expands the theoretical foundation for combining Lean and Six Sigma by studying and analysing a practical application of the concept. As a result, it provides new factors of importance for successful Lean Six Sigma applications, such as having a clear structure that guides the company in terms of what components of Lean Six Sigma to apply and what competences to involve in various projects, depending on the scope and complexity.
An efficient method for Cauchy problem of ill‐posed nonlinear diffusion equation
Authors: Matinfar Mashallah , Eslami Mostafa , Saeidy Mohammad 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a new homotopy perturbation method (NHPM) to solve Cauchy problem of unidimensional non‐linear diffusion equation.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper a modified version of HPM, which the authors call NHPM, has been presented; this technique performs much better than the HPM. HPM and NHPM start by considering a homotopy, and the solution of the problem under study is assumed to be as the summation of a power series inp, the difference between two methods starts from the form of initial approximation of the solution.FindingsIn this article, the authors have applied the NHPM for solving nonlinear Cauchy diffusion equation. In comparison with the homotopy perturbation method (HPM), in the present method, the authors achieve exact solutions while HPM does not lead to exact solutions. The authors believe that the new method is a promising technique in finding the exact solutions for a wide variety of mathematical problems.Originality/valueThe basic idea described in this paper is expected to be further employed to solve other functional equations.
Novel gradient‐based methods for heat flux retrieval
Authors: Molavi Hosein , Rezapour Javad , Noori Sahar , Ghasemloo Sadjad , Amir Aslani Kourosh 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present novel search formulations in gradient‐type methods for prediction of boundary heat flux distribution in two‐dimensional nonlinear heat conduction problems.Design/methodology/approachThe performance of gradient‐type methods is strongly contingent upon the effective determination of the search direction. Based on the definition of this parameter, gradient‐based methods such as steepest descent, various versions of both conjugate gradient and quasi‐Newton can be distinguished. By introducing new search techniques, several examples in the presence of noise in data are studied and discussed to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the present strategies.FindingsThe verification of the proposed methods for recovering time and space varying heat flux. The performance of the proposed methods via comparisons with the classical methods involved in its derivation.Originality/valueThe innovation of the present method is to use a hybridization of a conjugate gradient and a quasi‐Newton method to determine the search directions in gradient‐based approaches.
A process evaluation of student participation in a whole school food programme
Authors: Orme Judy , Jones Matthew , Salmon Debra , Weitkamp Emma , Kimberlee Richard 
Published: April 2013

PurposeHealth promotion programmes are widely held to be more effective when the subjects of them actively participate in the process of change. The purpose of this paper is to report on an evaluation of the Food for Life Partnership programme, a multi‐level initiative in England promoting healthier nutrition and food sustainability awareness for students and their families through involvement in cooking, growing, farm visits and School Nutrition Action Groups (SNAGs).Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a mixed methods approach, drawing upon quantitative and qualitative data sources. The data sources included quantitative data on school level programme related activities, qualitative data collected through focus groups with children and reports from teachers and other staff involved in the delivery of the programme.FindingsThe paper concludes that the pivotal role of SNAGs in catalysing and embracing a whole school approach must be seen as an important mechanism for any health promotion in complex school environments.Originality/valueThis was a national evaluation of a unique school food project aiming to transform food culture in primary and secondary schools. The findings highlight the importance of a whole school approach to public health initiatives and the centrality of pupil participation in the success and sustainability of such interventions.
The influence of conflict centrality and task interdependency on individual performance and job satisfaction
Authors: Tsung Jen Ching 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze the connections between centrality within conflict networks, individual performance, and job satisfaction from the perspective of social networks. The intervening effects of task interdependency on these connections are also examined.Design/methodology/approachUsing the social network survey approach, the empirical data from 310 engineers of a large R&D Institute affiliated with the Ministry of National Defense in Taiwan were collected.FindingsThe results show that centrality within relationship conflict networks was negatively related to individual performance and job satisfaction. However, centrality within task conflict networks was positively related to individual performance and job satisfaction Task interdependency mitigates the negative influence of relationship conflicts on individual performance and job satisfaction, and the positive influence of task conflict on job satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsAs the evidence in this study came from the employees of one organization, future studies should corroborate findings by surveying more organizations.Practical implicationsThe findings have important implications for individual social networks. Within the conflict network, people who occupy the central position of relationship conflict have a negative impact on performance and job satisfaction.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on social networks and conflicts theory by demonstrating the concept of centrality within conflict networks. In addition, it also demonstrates that the centrality of conflict network is an important factor in influencing individual performance and job satisfaction.
Promoting integrative bargaining: mental contrasting with implementation intentions
Authors: Kirk Dan , Oettingen Gabriele , Gollwitzer Peter M. 
Published: April 2013

PurposeThe present experiment aimed to test the impact of a self‐regulatory strategy of goal pursuit – called mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) – on an integrative bargaining task.Design/methodology/approachParticipants were randomly assigned to dyads and negotiated over the sale of a car. Before negotiating, participants were prompted to engage in MCII, or one or the other of its two component strategies: to contrast mentally achieving success in the integrative bargaining task with the reality standing in the way of this success (MC), to form implementation intentions on how to bargain (i.e. if‐then plans) (II), or both to contrast mentally and form implementation intentions (MCII).FindingsThe strategy of mental contrasting with implementation intentions led dyads to reach the largest joint agreements, compared to dyads that only used mental contrasting or if‐then plans. Moreover, participants who mentally contrasted formed more cooperative implementation intentions than participants who did not mentally contrast, mediating the effect of condition on joint gain.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings suggest that the self‐regulatory strategy of mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) leads to higher joint gain, and that this effect is mediated by mental contrasting's promotion of cooperative planning. More research should be done to understand the specific negotiation behaviors engendered by MCII, as well as its applicability to other negotiation scenarios.Originality/valueThese findings have implications for both self‐regulation and negotiation research. The result that MCII fosters integrative solutions reflects its potential to help people form cooperative plans and reach high joint‐value agreements in integrative scenarios. For negotiation research, the paper identifies an effective self‐regulatory strategy for producing high‐quality agreements.