bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of Arc2f Polyethylene after 15 Years of Implantation
Authors: Macheras George A. , Koutsostathis Stefanos D. , Galanakos Spyridon , Kateros Konstantinos , Papadakis Stamatios A. 
Published: October 2013

Background To investigate the behavior of Arc2f polyethylene (PE) component after a minimum of 15 years post implantation and its possible reasons for failure. Methods Between January 1988 and March 1995, 557 cementless total hip arthroplasties were performed in 578 patients. A total of 435 patients (450 hips) were followed up for 18.6 years (range 15-22). Results At 10 years follow-up no cup needed revision surgery. After 15 years of implantation, we observed massive PE wear in 140 cups (31%) with large osteolytic lesions. A revision procedure was performed in all cases. Exchange only of the PE liner was sufficient in 78 cases, whilst in 59 the cup was also revised. PE insert thickness and the type of prosthetic head were found to be related to PE wear. Conclusions We postulate that the massive failure seen is attributed to the manufacturing of the PE insert. We advocate following all patients that have an implant lasting a decade after implantation for routine monitoring to identify those at risk for accelerated PE wear.
Influencia de una intervención grupal para madres en el cambio psicoterapéutico de sus hijos/as víctimas de agresiones sexuales
Authors: Álvarez Zavala Paulina , Socorro Analía , Capella Sepúlveda Claudia 
Published: October 2013

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar la influencia de una intervención psicoeducativa grupal para madres de niños/as víctimas de agresión sexual en el cambio psicoterapéutico de sus hijos/as. Con este fin se implementó una intervención en un centro especializado, conformándose un grupo control y uno experimental.Se realizó una evaluación antes/después a partir de la aplicación del Inventario de Problemas Conductuales de Achenbach (IPCDS) y de una pauta de evaluación para terapeutas. A partir de los resultados se aprecia la existencia de cambio psicoterapéutico posterior a la intervención en el grupo experimental, no así en el grupo control, indicando que esta tendría influencia en el cambio psicoterapéutico de los niños/as, no obstante no se aprecian diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la comparación de ambos grupos.
A Retrospective Population-Based Comparison of HER2 Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization in Breast Carcinomas: Impact of 2007 American Society of Clinical Oncology/ College of American Pathologists Criteria
Authors: Schalper Kurt A. , Kumar Sudha , Hui Pei , Rimm David L. , Gershkovich Peter 
Published: October 2013

Context.—In 2007 the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists made new recommendations for HER2 testing and redefined HER2 positivity.Objective.—To analyze results from simultaneous HER2 testing with immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 2590 invasive breast carcinomas between 2002 and 2010, using 2 scoring systems.Design.—Cases from between 2002 and 2006 were scored by using original US Food and Drug Administration criteria (N = 1138) and those from between 2007 and 2010 were evaluated according to American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists criteria (N = 1452). Concordance between testing methods and clinicopathologic associations were determined.Results.—Overall concordance between immunohistochemistry/FISH in the 9-year period was 96.2% (κ = 0.82), and positive concordance was lower. After 2007, the proportion of HER2/neu-positive and HER2/neu-negative cases was not significantly changed when using immunohistochemistry (10.5% versus 8.9%, P = .22 and 69.4% versus 63%, P = .13, respectively), but the number of equivocal cases was higher (19.9% versus 28%, P &lt; .001). While the proportion of negative cases by FISH remained unchanged after 2007 (86.5% versus 88.2%, P = .76), the number of positive cases was lower (13.4% versus 9.2%, P &lt; .001). In addition, 38 cases (2.6%) were FISH equivocal, 16 of which were also equivocal by immunohistochemistry. Overall, immunohistochemistry/FISH concordance was 95.9% between 2002 and 2006 (κ = 0.82) and 96.4% after 2007 (κ = 0.82). However, an approximately 13% lower positive assay concordance was noted in the last period.Conclusions.—Application of American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists recommendations is associated with comparable overall immunohistochemistry/FISH concordance, reduced positive concordance, and increased equivocal results.
Effects of tree morphometry on net snow cover radiation on forest floor for varying vegetation densities
Authors: Seyednasrollah Bijan , Kumar Mukesh 
Published: October 2013

AbstractUsing a forest radiation model, this paper explores the effects of tree morphometric parameters and shape on net snow cover radiation on the forest floor. Results show that tree shape, height and crown size and density have significant effects on the amount of radiation on forest floor and its variation with vegetation density. In clear sky conditions, where net radiation frequently shows a nonmonotonic decreasing then increasing trend with increasing vegetation density, a smaller radiation minimum is obtained for taller trees, larger and denser crowns, and cylindrical‐shaped crowns. The obtained radiation minimum is also expressed at a smaller vegetation density for these tree configurations. In contrast, trees with smaller crown dimensions show propensity for a monotonically decreasing trend in net radiation with increasing vegetation density. The sensitivity to tree morphometric parameters, especially tree height and crown width and density, on forest floor radiation are however relatively modest for interspersed cloudy conditions. The results will facilitate identification of forest management strategies to minimize or maximize net radiation in snow‐dominated forested watersheds and will allow intercomparison of snowmelt rates between forests with different vegetation densities and morphological characteristics.
Quantifying the contribution of inflow on surface ozone over California during summer 2008
Authors: Pfister Gabriele G. , Walters Stacy , Emmons Louisa K. , Edwards David P. , Avise Jeremy 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTransported pollution has been recognized as making a potentially strong impact on air quality in the western U.S., but large uncertainties remain in quantifying its contribution. Assessing the role of pollution transport in relation to local emissions and meteorology is especially important in light of possibly lower ozone standards and projected increases in transpacific pollution transport. We apply the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry model to analyze the role of upwind pollution (“inflow”) to surface ozone over California during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites campaign in June–July 2008 over California. Comparisons of the model to surface and aircraft observations, ozonesondes, and satellite retrievals show an overall good agreement; a low bias (~5 ppb) in free tropospheric ozone is attributed to low ozone at the boundaries and likely places our estimated inflow contribution on the lower side. Most other studies applied sensitivity analyses, while we use a synthetic ozone tracer, which provides a quantitative estimate of the budget. We estimate that on average 10 ± 9 ppb of surface afternoon ozone over California is attributed to ozone and ozone precursors entering the region from outside. This contribution features a significant spatial and temporal variability. While in most high ozone events, transported pollution plays a small role compared to local influences, for some instances, the impact can be substantial. Omitting data impacted by wildfires, we estimate the 90th percentile of the relative contribution of O3INFLOW to 8 h ozone >75 ppb as 10%. Our results also indicate that inflow might have a stronger impact on surface ozone in less polluted compared to polluted areas.
Micrometeorite flux on Earth during the last ~50,000 years
Authors: Prasad M. Shyam , Rudraswami N. G. , Panda Dipak K. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractFlux of micrometeorites is estimated by using cosmic spherule counts from a seafloor area of 2.50 m2 from the Indian Ocean. The spherules are recovered from sediment samples in close‐spaced locations from the Indian Ocean after sieving 293 kg of sediment. The terrestrial age of the spherules has a range of 0–~50,000 years. The spherules have a size range of 57–750 µm (average size 265 ± 92 µm). The diameter of the spherules increases from scoriaceous‐barred‐cryptocrystalline‐glassy types. The time‐averaged flux of the spherules is 160 t/yr, a sizeable mass (>60%) resides in the >300 µm fraction; the slope of distribution is similar to that of Deep‐Sea Spherules but significantly different from other collections which have lower average diameters. It is observed here, a significant population of cosmic dust resides in the larger sizes which can be recovered by sampling large areas in time and space. The spherule textures are similar to that of unbiased collections from the polar regions, indicating that the textural types of cosmic dust that have been raining on the Earth during the last 50 kyr have been constant regardless of size. Major element chemistry of a majority of the spherules show elemental ratios that are close to a CM or CI chondritic parent body; a single spherule (0.2% of the population) suggests an achondritic parent body. Unbiased collections spanning large areas temporally and spatially enlarge the inventory of the Earth‐crossing meteoroid complex and provide valuable inputs for models on cosmic dust accretion.
Lunar weather measurements at three Apollo sites 1969–1976
Authors: Hollick Monique , O'Brien Brian J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe first lunar weather stations, matchbox‐sized, 270 g Apollo Dust Detector Experiments about 100 cm above the surface of the Moon near Apollo 12, 14, and 15 landing sites, measured dust accretion, charged particle radiation, and temperature changes—three environmental factors proved during Apollo to affect technical systems deployed on the Moon. Degradation of seven horizontal solar cells was measured every lunar daytime from 1969 to 1976. The anomalously intense August 1972 solar particle event (SPE) degraded three covered cells by less than 1%, while two cells desensitized by intense preirradiation showed no measurable effects. Although independent studies estimated the long‐term fluence bombarding the cells was less than half that of the August SPE, long‐term gradual degradation of five covered cells (normalized to 2000 days) was an order of magnitude greater, between 4% and 10%. If the long‐term effects were totally caused by dust, with articulated caveats including simulated (maria) Minnesota Lunar Simulant‐1 dust particles with diameters 20 to 38 µm, this provides the first direct measured long‐term net accretion of dust with an upper limit of order 100 µg cm−2 yr−1, equivalent to a layer 1 mm thick in 1000 years, but it may be significantly less. Two bare cells were abruptly degraded by 7% during the August SPE, however long‐term they measured additional damage of 29% and 24%, indicating a long‐neglected suite of low‐energy radiation, posing risks for bare materials exposed on the surface of the Moon.
The primate vaginal microbiome: Comparative context and implications for human health and disease
Authors: Stumpf Rebecca M. , Wilson Brenda A. , Rivera Angel , Yildirim Suleyman , Yeoman Carl J. , Polk John D. , White Bryan A. , Leigh Steven R. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTThe primate body hosts trillions of microbes. Interactions between primate hosts and these microbes profoundly affect primate physiology, reproduction, health, survival, and ultimately, evolution. It is increasingly clear that primate health cannot be understood fully without knowledge of host‐microbial interactions. Our goals here are to review what is known about microbiomes of the female reproductive tract and to explore several factors that influence variation within individuals, as well as within and between primate species. Much of our knowledge of microbial variation derives from studies of humans, and from microbes located in nonreproductive regions (e.g., the gut). We review work suggesting that the vaginal microbiota affects female health, fecundity, and pregnancy outcomes, demonstrating the selective potential for these agents. We explore the factors that correlate with microbial variation within species. Initial colonization by microbes depends on the manner of birth; most microbial variation is structured by estrogen levels that change with age (i.e., at puberty and menopause) and through the menstrual cycle. Microbial communities vary by location within the vagina and can depend on the sampling methods used (e.g., swab, lavage, or pap smear). Interindividual differences also exist, and while this variation is not completely understood, evidence points more to differences in estrogen levels, rather than differences in external physical environment. When comparing across species, reproductive‐age humans show distinct microbial communities, generally dominated byLactobacillus, unlike other primates. We develop evolutionary hypotheses to explain the marked differences in microbial communities. While much remains to be done to test these hypotheses, we argue that the ample variation in primate mating and reproductive behavior offers excellent opportunities to evaluate host‐microbe coevolution and adaptation. Am J Phys Anthropol 57:119–134, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Secretory ranalexin produced in recombinant Pichia pastoris exhibits additive or synergistic bactericidal activity when used in combination with polymyxin B or linezolid against multi‐drug resistant bacteria
Authors: Aleinein Rasha Abou , Schäfer Holger , Wink Michael 
Published: October 2013

AbstractRanalexin, a cationic peptide from frogs, is a potent therapeutic antimicrobial peptide (AMP). Its limited availability is an obstacle for a wider application. A high‐level production of AMPs via bioengineering is possible but remains a challenging task. In the current study, we investigated the potential antibacterial properties of recombinant ranalexin, expressed in the yeast Pichia pastoris. A 78‐bp DNA fragment encoding the mature ranalexin peptide with a 6‐His tag on its C‐terminus was designed using the preferred codon usage of P. pastoris. The gene was inserted into pPICZaA and transformed into competent cells of P. pastoris strain KM71. The yield of secretory ranalexin reached up to ∼6 mg/L culture. Time‐kill curve analysis of ranalexin against both Escherichia coli and methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) demonstrated a concentration‐dependent rapid bactericidal activity. In checkerboard assays, the combinations of ranalexin with the established antibiotics polymyxin B or linezolid reduced the MIC additively in most tested bacteria. Time‐kill assays indicated a significant synergism in E. coli and MRSA when ranalexin was used in combination with antibiotics, even at concentrations of 1/4 MIC or 1/2 MIC of ranalexin, respectively. Thus we propose that secretory ranalexin produced in P. pastoris could be a useful tool to unravel ranalexin's biological function and for use in future in vivo studies against multi‐resistant bacterial infections.
Hierarchically Ordered Monolithic Silica with Bimodal Porosity Obtained by Hydrolysis and Condensation of 1,4‐Bis(trimethoxysilyl)arenes
Authors: von der Lehr Martin , Weidmann Christoph , Mascotto Simone , Smarsly Bernd M. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract1,4‐Bis(trimethoxysilyl)benzene and 1,4‐bis((trimethoxysilyl)‐phenyl)‐dimethoxysilane were synthesized from their corresponding diarylbromides. These bis(trimethoxysilyl)arenes were used as organosilica precursors for the preparation of macro‐/mesoporous silica monoliths, using poly(ethylen glycol) as a porogen to obtain a well‐defined bicontinuous macroporosity and mesoporosity. The porosity of the prepared materials was characterized by nitrogen sorption measurements, mercury intrusion and scanning electron microscopy. The incorporation of silylarenes was studied by solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
Replication variance estimation in unequal probability sampling without replacement: One‐stage and two‐stage
Authors: Lin C. Devon , Lu Wilson W. , Rust Keith , Sitter Randy R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractReplication‐based variance estimation methods including the bootstrap, balanced repeated replication, and the Jackknife have been studied extensively. They have been applicable primarily to stratified multistage sampling designs in which the clusters within strata are sampled with replacement or the first‐stage sampling fraction is negligible with a notable exception of a two‐stage cluster sampling with equal probability and without replacement in Rao & Wu (1988). It is common practice, however, that the first‐stage sampling fraction may not be negligible, resulting in overestimation. To alleviate this practical issue, we derive the balanced repeated replication methods and the bootstrap methods for one‐ and two‐stage stratified unequal probability sampling, where the sampling fractions are not negligible. The asymptotic property of the proposed methods is studied. In addition, the methodologies are applied to a simulated population with characteristics of a real sample survey.The Canadian Journal of Statistics41: 696‐716; 2013 © 2013 Statistical Society of Canada
Fixation effect of SurePath preservative fluids using epidermal growth factor receptor mutation‐specific antibodies for immunocytochemistry
Authors: Kawahara Akihiko , Taira Tomoki , Abe Hideyuki , Watari Kosuke , Murakami Yuichi , Fukumitsu Chihiro , Takase Yorihiko , Yamaguchi Tomohiko , Azuma Koichi , Akiba Jun , Ono Mayumi , Kage Masayoshi 
Published: October 2013

BACKGROUNDCytological diagnosis of respiratory disease has become important, not only for histological typing using immunocytochemistry (ICC) but also for molecular DNA analysis of cytological material. The aim of this study was to investigate the fixation effect of SurePath preservative fluids.METHODSHuman lung cancer PC9 and 11‐18 cell lines, and lung adenocarcinoma cells in pleural effusion, were fixed in CytoRich Blue, CytoRich Red, 15% neutral‐buffered formalin, and 95% ethanol, respectively. PC9 and 11‐18 cell lines were examined by ICC with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation‐specific antibodies, the EGFR mutation DNA assay, and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The effect of antigenic storage time was investigated in lung adenocarcinoma cells in pleural effusion by ICC using the lung cancer detection markers.RESULTSPC9 and 11‐18 cell lines in formalin‐based fixatives showed strong staining of EGFR mutation‐specific antibodies and lung cancer detection markers by ICC as compared with ethanol‐based fixatives. DNA preservation with CytoRich Blue and CytoRich Red was superior to that achieved with 95% ethanol and 15% neutral‐buffered formalin fixatives, whereas EGFR mutations by DNA assay and EGFR gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization were successfully identified in all fixative samples. Although cytoplasmic antigens maintained high expression levels, expression levels in nuclear antigens fell as storage time increased.CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that CytoRich Red is not only suitable for ICC with EGFR mutation‐specific antibodies, but also for DNA analysis of cytological material, and is useful in molecular testing of lung cancer, for which various types of analyses will be needed in future. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:145–52. © 2013 American Cancer Society
Premature termination of treatment for anorexia nervosa: Differences between patient‐initiated and staff‐initiated discharge
Authors: Sly Richard , Mountford Victoria A. , Morgan John F. , Lacey J. Hubert 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo investigate treatment drop‐out by comparing clinical indicators of patients whose discharge was initiated by staff with those who initiated discharge themselves.MethodNinety participants with anorexia completed questionnaires at admission and four weeks into hospitalized treatment. Weight data was collected over this same period. At discharge, participants were categorized into completer (n = 38) or patient‐initiated (n = 36) /staff‐initiated (n = 16) premature termination groups.ResultsSignificant differences between staff‐initiated and patient‐initiated discharge groups were found at admission. Staff initiated groups were on average older (p = .035), and more likely to have had prior compelled treatment (p = .039). At 4 weeks those in the patient‐initiated group had put on weight at a faster rate (p = .032) and reported a decrease in alliance (p = .017). At discharge, staff initiated discharge demonstrated greater time in treatment (p = .001), greater weight gain (p = .027), and a higher discharge BMI (p = .013). At discharge, staff‐initiated drop‐outs had comparable end‐of‐treatment outcomes to those who completed treatment as planned.DiscussionThere are key differences between those who prematurely discharge themselves from treatment, compared to those who are prematurely discharged by clinical staff. Future research into drop‐out needs to take into account and recognize these differences. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:40–46)
Incorporating topographic indices into dynamic ecosystem modelling using LPJ‐GUESS
Authors: Tang Jing , Pilesjö Petter , Miller Paul A. , Persson Andreas , Yang Zhenlin , Hanna Edward , Callaghan Terry V. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTNorthern high‐latitude regions could feed back strongly on global warming because of large carbon pools and the fact that those regions are predicted to experience temperature increases greater than the global average. Furthermore, ecological functioning and carbon cycling are both strongly related to the prevailing hydrological conditions. In this study, we address these issues and present a newly developed model LPJ distributed hydrology (LPJ‐DH) with distributed hydrology based on the dynamic global ecosystem and biogeochemistry model LPJ‐GUESS. The new model is an enhanced version of LPJ‐GUESS, introducing parametrizations of surface water routing and lateral water fluxes between grid cells. The newly introduced topographic variables in LPJ‐DH are extracted from digital elevation models. LPJ‐DH is tested at a 50‐m resolution in the Stordalen catchment, northern Sweden. Modelled runoff is evaluated against the measured runoff from 2007 to 2009 at six outlet points. We demonstrate that the estimated monthly runoff from LPJ‐DH agrees more closely with the measured data (adjusted R2 = 0·8713) than did the standard LPJ‐GUESS model (adjusted R2 = 0·4277). However, there are still difficulties in predicting low‐flow periods. The new model shows a possible advantage in representing the drainage network as well as topographic effects on water redistribution. The modelled birch tree line is in the range of the imagery observation, and the model captures the observed values of vegetation biomass in the region. Significant changes in biomass and carbon fluxes are also observed in the new model. Generally, the study justifies the feasibility and advantages of incorporating distributed topographic indices into the dynamic ecosystem model LPJ‐GUESS. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.