bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physicomechanical and antibacterial properties of experimental resin‐based dental sealants modified with nylon‐6 and chitosan nanofibers
Authors: Hamilton María F. , Otte Andrew D. , Gregory Richard L. , Pinal Rodolfo , Ferreira‐Zandoná Andrea , Bottino Marco C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThis study aimed to develop and evaluate resin‐based experimental dental sealants containing electrospun nylon‐6 (N6) and chitosan (CH) fibers in an attempt to improve the physicomechanical properties and provide an antibacterial protective effect, respectively. Electrospun N6 and CH mats were immersed into a resin mixture, light‐cured, and then cryomilled to obtain micron‐sized resin‐modified fiber particles. Different levels of the novel cryomilled particles (i.e. 1, 2.5, and 5% relative to the resin mixture, % by weight) were used to prepare the N6‐ and CH‐containing sealants. A commercial sealant and the experimental resin mixture (unfilled) were used as controls. Flexural strength (FS), Vickers microhardness (VH), and agar diffusion tests were performed. The data were analyzed at the 5% significance level. No significant difference in fiber diameter of N6 (503 ± 31 nm) and CH (595 ± 38 nm) was observed. Upon cryomilling, the resin‐modified CH and N6 mats led to the formation of irregularly‐shaped particles, with an average diameter of 14.24 µm and 15.87 µm, respectively. CH‐5% had significantly higher FS (115.3 ± 1.3 MPa) than all the other groups. CH‐1% had significantly higher hardness values (38.3 ± 0.3 VHN) than all the other groups. Collectively, the results indicated that CH‐containing sealants presented the highest FS and hardness; however, none of the CH‐containing sealants displayed antimicrobial properties. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1560–1568, 2015.
Skew Hadamard Difference Sets from Dickson Polynomials of Order 7
Authors: Ding Cunsheng , Pott Alexander , Wang Qi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractSkew Hadamard difference sets have been an interesting topic of study for over 70 years. For a long time, it had been conjectured the classical Paley difference sets (the set of nonzero quadratic residues in where ) were the only example in Abelian groups. In 2006, the first author and Yuan disproved this conjecture by showing that the image set of is a new skew Hadamard difference set in with m odd, where denotes the first kind of Dickson polynomials of order n and . The key observation in the proof is that is a planar function from to for m odd. Since then a few families of new skew Hadamard difference sets have been discovered. In this paper, we prove that for all , the set is a skew Hadamard difference set in , where m is odd and . The proof is more complicated and different than that of Ding‐Yuan skew Hadamard difference sets since is not planar in . Furthermore, we show that such skew Hadamard difference sets are inequivalent to all existing ones for by comparing the triple intersection numbers.
Ethylene–propylene copolymerization behavior of ansa‐dimethylsilylene(fluorenyl)(amido)dimethyltitanium complex: Application to ethylene–propylene–diene or ethylene–propylene–norbornene terpolymers
Authors: Tanaka Ryo , Kamei Issei , Cai Zhengguo , Nakayama Yuushou , Shiono Takeshi 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTCopolymerization behavior of ethylene (E) and propylene (P) using ansa‐dimethylsilylene(fluorenyl)(amido)dimethyltitanium complex was investigated. P was more reactive than E regardless of the chain‐end monomer unit, which was very unusual in the coordination polymerization system. The terpolymerizations of E, P and norbornene (NB) or 5‐ethylidene‐2‐norbornene (5E2N) were also performed. The each content in the E/P/NB terpolymer was independently controlled by the initial concentration of NB and E/P feed ratio. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of the terpolymer was raised in proportion to the NB content and close to that of the corresponding NB/E random copolymer with the same NB content. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 685–691
Cyclooxygenase-2 or Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitors Attenuate the Mechanotransductive Effects of Pulsed Focused Ultrasound to Suppress Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Homing to Healthy and Dystrophic Muscle
Authors: Tebebi Pamela A. , Burks Scott R. , Kim Saejeong J. , Williams Rashida A. , Nguyen Ben A. , Venkatesh Priyanka , Frenkel Victor , Frank Joseph A. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Maximal homing of infused stem cells to diseased tissue is critical for regenerative medicine. Pulsed focused ultrasound (pFUS) is a clinically relevant platform to direct stem cell migration. Through mechanotransduction, pFUS establishes local gradients of cytokines, chemokines, trophic factors (CCTF) and cell adhesion molecules (CAM) in treated skeletal muscle that subsequently infused mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) can capitalize to migrate into the parenchyma. Characterizing molecular responses to mechanical pFUS effects revealed tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) drives cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) signaling to locally increase CCTF/CAM that are necessary for MSC homing. pFUS failed to increase chemoattractants and induce MSC homing to treated muscle in mice pretreated with ibuprofen (nonspecific COX inhibitor) or etanercept (TNFα inhibitor). pFUS-induced MSC homing was also suppressed in COX2-knockout mice, demonstrating ibuprofen blocked the mechanically induced CCTF/CAM by acting on COX2. Anti-inflammatory drugs, including ibuprofen, are administered to muscular dystrophy (MD) patients, and ibuprofen also suppressed pFUS-induced homing to muscle in a mouse model of MD. Drug interactions with cell therapies remain unexplored and are not controlled for during clinical cell therapy trials. This study highlights potentially negative drug-host interactions that suppress stem cell homing and could undermine cell-based approaches for regenerative medicine. Stem Cells 2015;33:1173–1186
Mixed linear model approaches in mapping QTLs with epistatic effects by a simulation study
Authors: Bocianowski Jan , Nowosad Kamila 
Published: December 2014

AbstractEpistasis refers to the phenotypic effects of interactions between alleles of different loci. Statistical detection of such interactions remains to be the subject of presented studies. A method based on mixed linear model was developed for mapping QTLs with digenic epistasis. Reliable estimates of QTL additive and epistasis effects can be obtained by the maximum-likelihood estimate methods. Likelihood ratio andtstatistics were combined for testing hypotheses about QTL effects (additive and epistasis effects). Monte Carlo simulations were conducted for evaluating the unbiasedness, accuracy and power for parameter estimation in QTL mapping. The results indicated that the mixed-model approaches could provide unbiased estimates for effects of QTLs. Additionally, the mixed-model approaches also showed high accuracy in mapping QTLs with epistasis effects. The information obtained in this study will be useful for manipulating the QTLs for plant breeding by marker assisted selection.
The effect of implementing a standardized process on the quality of discharge summaries
Authors: Almidani Eyad , Hussain Ibrahim Bin , Almofada Saleh , Hijazi Mohammad , Almalhooq Norah , Alobari Rania , Alhaider Sami , Bernardo Maria Cecilia , Khadawardi Emad 
Published: December 2014

Background and objectives:
To assess the compliance rate and overall quality of discharge summaries according to JCIA standards among King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC) patients over a three-year period.

Patients and methods:
A multidisciplinary team consisting of the: 1) Quality Director in the Department of Pediatrics as the Chair; 2) Chair of the Department of Pediatrics. 3) Chief Resident of the Pediatric Residency Training Program. 4) Representatives from the Medical Records. 5) Quality Management Team. 6) Health Information Technology Department and 7) Medical and Clinical Affairs. The idea for this project was initially discussed at the Pedi-atrics Departmental staff meeting in October 2012 and subsequently presented at the Med-ical Quality Management Committee and Medical Advisory Committee meetings in November 2012. With the agreement of all team members and approval of the process (Appendix I), the Discharge Process was officially launched in December 2012.

Results:
From the first quarter of 2011 (1131 delinquent medical records) to the first quarter of 2014 (68 delinquent medical records), a significant drop in the number of delinquent re-cords was documented. In addition, compliance with JCIA standards for documentation was measured by an audit of 20 randomly selected patient charts by the hospital quality manage-ment department. This audit demonstrated improvement from a compliance rate of 70%-79% between the first quarters of 2013 and 2014, respectively, and up to 86% in the second quarter of 2014. Consequently, the Department of Pediatrics ranked first among all hospital departments in the quality of their discharge summaries.

Conclusions:
Implementing a systematic framework to reinforce completion of patients’ discharge summaries leads to a better quality of documentation and minimizes unnecessary delay. Comprehensive and precise clinical documentation improves the quality of patient care and provides clear health information that is critical for ideal management of the health care system.
Differing Levels of Acute Hypoxia Do Not Influence Maximal Anaerobic Power Capacity
Authors: Álvarez-Herms Jesús , Julià-Sánchez Sonia , Gatterer Hannes , Viscor Ginés , Burtscher Martin 
Published: December 2014

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different inspired oxygen fractions (Fio2) on average and peak power capacity during consecutive jumps to assess the effectiveness of a hypoxic explosive-strength program. Methods Eight physically active subjects (aged 33.62 ± 4.07 years; height, 1.77 ± 0.05 m; weight, 74.38 ± 6.86 kg) completed a Bosco jump test, consisting of a series of 15-second “all-out” jumps with 3 minutes of recovery, performed in a normoxia condition (N [Fio2 = 21%]) and in two hypoxic conditions: moderate hypoxia (MH [Fio2 16.5% o2]) and high hypoxia (HH [13.5% o2]). A force platform provided the average and the maximal power output (W) generated during consecutive jumps. Measurements were also taken of lactate, creatine kinase, arterial oxygen saturation, and perceived exertion using the Borg fatigue scale. Results The average power outputs throughout the entire sets were similar between N (3187 ± 46) and MH (3184 ± 15; P > .05), but slightly greater with HH (3285 ± 43) compared with N ( P < .05). Values for lactate during N (7.5 ± 3.0), MH (7.7 ± 4.0), and HH (7.9 ± 3.0; P > .05), and for creatine kinase (values before, 69.8 ± 15; and 24 hours after in N [79.4 ± 15.60], MH [85.2 ± 26.7], and HH [84.3 ± 47.2]; P > .05) were similar for all conditions. Only during exercise in hypoxia were moderate and severe hypoxemia induced as the sets increased and Fio2 was lower ( P < .05). At the same time, the perceived exertion reported by subjects was substantially higher at HH (8.9 ± 1.1) than at N (7.1 ± 1.9; P < .05). Conclusions Jumping power output was not negatively affected by mild or high hypoxia in comparison with normoxia during an anaerobic workout despite having higher hypoxemia and a greater perception of exertion.
Clinical Spanish Norms of the Stroop Test for Traumatic Brain Injury and Schizophrenia
Authors: Lubrini Genny , Periañez José A. , Rios-Lago Marco , Viejo-Sobera Raquel , Ayesa-Arriola Rosa , Sanchez-Cubillo Ignacio , Crespo-Facorro Benedicto , Álvarez-Linera Juan , Adrover-Roig Daniel , Rodriguez-Sanchez José M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe Stroop Color-Word Test is a useful tool to evaluate executive attention and speed of processing. Recent studies have provided norms for different populations of healthy individuals to avoid misinterpretation of scores due to demographic and cultural differences. In addition, clinical norms may improve the assessment of cognitive dysfunction severity and its clinical course. Spanish normative data are provided for 158 closed traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 149 first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SCH) patients. A group of 285 Spanish healthy individuals (HC) was also considered for comparison purposes. Differences between groups were found in all Stroop scores with HC outperforming both clinical groups (p < .002 in all cases; d > .3 in all cases). TBI patients scored lower than SCH patients in word-reading (p < .001 and d = .6), and color-naming conditions (p < .001 and d = .4), but not in the color-word condition (p = .34 and d = .03). However, SCH patients exhibited a higher interference effect as compared to TBI (p < .002 and d = .5). Three sets of norms stratified by age and education (HC), and by education (TBI and SCH) are presented for clinical use.
The effect of nutrients on carbon and nitrogen fixation by the UCYN-A–haptophyte symbiosis
Authors: Krupke Andreas , Mohr Wiebke , LaRoche Julie , Fuchs Bernhard M , Amann Rudolf I , Kuypers Marcel M M 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Symbiotic relationships between phytoplankton and N2-fixing microorganisms play a crucial role in marine ecosystems. The abundant and widespread unicellular cyanobacteria group A (UCYN-A) has recently been found to live symbiotically with a haptophyte. Here, we investigated the effect of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe) and Saharan dust additions on nitrogen (N2) fixation and primary production by the UCYN-A–haptophyte association in the subtropical eastern North Atlantic Ocean using nifH expression analysis and stable isotope incubations combined with single-cell measurements. N2 fixation by UCYN-A was stimulated by the addition of Fe and Saharan dust, although this was not reflected in the nifH expression. CO2 fixation by the haptophyte was stimulated by the addition of ammonium nitrate as well as Fe and Saharan dust. Intriguingly, the single-cell analysis using nanometer scale secondary ion mass spectrometry indicates that the increased CO2 fixation by the haptophyte in treatments without added fixed N is likely an indirect result of the positive effect of Fe and/or P on UCYN-A N2 fixation and the transfer of N2-derived N to the haptophyte. Our results reveal a direct linkage between the marine carbon and nitrogen cycles that is fuelled by the atmospheric deposition of dust. The comparison of single-cell rates suggests a tight coupling of nitrogen and carbon transfer that stays balanced even under changing nutrient regimes. However, it appears that the transfer of carbon from the haptophyte to UCYN-A requires a transfer of nitrogen from UCYN-A. This tight coupling indicates an obligate symbiosis of this globally important diazotrophic association.
Wrinkling crystallography on spherical surfaces
Authors: Brojan Miha , Terwagne Denis , Lagrange Romain , Reis Pedro M. 
Published: December 2014

Significance
Curved crystals cannot comprise hexagons alone; additional defects are required by both topology and energetics that depend on the system size. These constraints are present in systems as diverse as virus capsules, soccer balls, and geodesic domes. In this paper, we study the structure of defects of the crystalline dimpled patterns that self-organize through curved wrinkling on a thin elastic shell bound to a compliant substrate. The dimples are treated as point-like packing units, even if the shell is a continuum. Our results provide quantitative evidence that our macroscopic wrinkling system can be mapped into and described within the framework of curved crystallography, albeit with some important differences attributed to the far-from-equilibrium nature of our patterns.
Activation of Rab8 guanine nucleotide exchange factor Rabin8 by ERK1/2 in response to EGF signaling
Authors: Wang Juanfei , Ren Jinqi , Wu Bin , Feng Shanshan , Cai Guoping , Tuluc Florin , Peränen Johan , Guo Wei 
Published: December 2014

Significance
Rab8 is a key regulator of exocytosis. To understand how Rab8 itself is regulated in cells, it is pivotal to study how its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Rabin8 is activated. Here we demonstrate that Rabin8 has an autoinhibitory conformation. Phosphorylation of Rabin8 by ERK1/2 in response to EGF relieves the autoinhibition of Rabin8, thus promoting its GEF activity on Rab8. In cells, blocking Rabin8 phosphorylation inhibits vesicular trafficking to the plasma membrane. Our work identifies a molecular mechanism for Rabin8 activation and reveals a regulatory pathway that controls Rab8 activation and vesicular trafficking in response to extracellular signaling.
Image statistics underlying natural texture selectivity of neurons in macaque V4
Authors: Okazawa Gouki , Tajima Satohiro , Komatsu Hidehiko 
Published: December 2014

Significance
Our visual world is richly decorated with a great variety of textures, but the brain mechanisms underlying texture perception remain poorly understood. Here we studied the selectivity of neurons in visual area V4 of macaque monkey with synthetic textures having known combinations of higher-order image statistics. We found that V4 neurons typically respond best to particular sparse combinations of these statistics. We also found that population responses of texture-selective V4 neurons can explain human texture discrimination and categorization. Because the statistics of each image can be computed from responses of upstream neurons in visual area V1, our results provide a clear account of how the visual system processes local image features to create the global perception of texture in natural images.
Gas1 is a receptor for sonic hedgehog to repel enteric axons
Authors: Jin Shiying , Martinelli David C. , Zheng Xiaobin , Tessier-Lavigne Marc , Fan Chen-Ming 
Published: December 2014

Significance
The enteric nervous system is the largest peripheral nervous subsystem. Enteric axons form a tubular meshwork arborizing the smooth muscles of the digestive tract to control gut movement. Deficiencies of enteric neurons cause megacolon and constipation—that is, Hirschsprung’s disease. How enteric axons are kept in the smooth muscle layers without projecting toward the gut epithelium is unknown. We provide, to our knowledge, the first insights into how these axons are confined to the periphery and, in the process, define a novel mechanism of sonic hedgehog signaling for axon repulsion involving the guidance receptor growth arrest specific gene 1 and the signaling G protein α z. We believe this to be a conceptual advance in understanding a key topological problem in axonal arborization and to have important health implications.
An in-tumor genetic screen reveals that the BET bromodomain protein, BRD4, is a potential therapeutic target in ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Baratta Maria Giuseppina , Schinzel Anna C. , Zwang Yaara , Bandopadhayay Pratiti , Bowman-Colin Christian , Kutt Jennifer , Curtis Jennifer , Piao Huiying , Wong Laura C. , Kung Andrew L. , Beroukhim Rameen , Bradner James E. , Drapkin Ronny , Hahn William C. , Liu Joyce F. , Livingston David M. 
Published: December 2014

Significance
The observations presented here demonstrate that inhibition of the BET bromodomain protein, BRD4, is a potential therapeutic approach to high-grade epithelial ovarian cancers that exhibit elevated MYCN expression. As BRD4 inhibitors enter clinical studies, these findings provide a rationale for stratification of patients in whom to test the effects of BRD4 inhibition.
Woody cover in wet and dry African savannas after six decades of experimental fires
Authors: Devine Aisling P. , Stott Iain , McDonald Robbie A. , Maclean Ilya M. D. 
Published: December 2014

Summary

Fire is an integral process in savannas because it plays a crucial role in altering woody cover of this globally important biome.

In this study, we examine the long‐term effects of varying fire frequencies over a 60‐year time period in South Africa. We analyse the effects of fire exclusion and of experimental burns every 1, 2 and 3 years on woody cover, tree abundance and stem structure on a wet and dry savanna.

Increased fire frequency did not display a consistent effect on woody cover. The presence of fire, irrespective of frequency, was much more influential in lowering tree abundance in the wet savanna than the dry savanna. In the dry savanna, fire was more effective in greatly increasing coppicing in trees, when compared to the wet savannas.

Synthesis. The effects of fire on three measures of savanna woody vegetation differed between wet and dry experimental sites. We suggest that vegetation responses to fire are dependent on local conditions, which are likely influenced by rainfall. Therefore, we suggest that management strategies should take account of whether a savanna is a wet or dry system when implementing fire management regimes.
An improved method to set significance thresholds for β diversity testing in microbial community comparisons
Authors: Gülay Arda , Smets Barth F. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryExploring the variation in microbial community diversity between locations (β diversity) is a central topic in microbial ecology. Currently, there is no consensus on how to set the significance threshold for β diversity. Here, we describe and quantify the technical components of β diversity, including those associated with the process of subsampling. These components exist for any proposed β diversity measurement procedure. Further, we introduce a strategy to set significance thresholds for β diversity of any group of microbial samples using rarefaction, invoking the notion of a meta‐community. The proposed technique was applied to several in silico generated operational taxonomic unit (OTU) libraries and experimental 16S rRNA pyrosequencing libraries. The latter represented microbial communities from different biological rapid sand filters at a full‐scale waterworks. We observe that β diversity, after subsampling, is inflated by intra‐sample differences; this inflation is avoided in the proposed method. In addition, microbial community evenness (Gini > 0.08) strongly affects all β diversity estimations due to bias associated with rarefaction. Where published methods to test β significance often fail, the proposed meta‐community‐based estimator is more successful at rejecting insignificant β diversity values. Applying our approach, we reveal the heterogeneous microbial structure of biological rapid sand filters both within and across filters.