bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Personality and engagement at work: the mediating role of psychological meaningfulness
Authors: Woods Stephen A. , Sofat Juilitta A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this study, we examined the associations of personality traits of the Big Five model with work engagement, and tested a theoretical model in which these associations are mediated by the positive state of psychological meaningfulness (perceptions that work is valuable and meaningful). In a sample of 238 UK working adults, we found that the personality facets assertiveness and industriousness were the strongest predictors of work engagement, and that both exhibited direct and indirect effects, mediated by psychological meaningfulness. Neuroticism demonstrated a marginal indirect association with engagement, again mediated by psychological meaningfulness. Our findings offered good support for our model, explaining a pathway from personality traits to engagement. Practical implications for management are discussed.
Psychological disaster myths in the perception and management of mass emergencies
Authors: Drury John , Novelli David , Stott Clifford 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDisaster myths are said to be widespread and consequential. However, there has been little research on whether those involved in public safety and emergency response believe them. A survey examined how far police officers, civilian safety professionals, sports event stewards and comparison samples from the public believe the myths “mass panic,” “civil disorder,” and “helplessness.” Respondents endorsed the first two myths. However, they rejected the myth of helplessness and endorsed the view that emergency crowds display resilience. Despite these contradictions in stated beliefs, there was also evidence of ideological coherence: each model of mass emergency behavior (maladaptive vs. resilient) was linked to a model of crowd management (coercive and paternalistic vs. mass‐democratic). The practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Application of SWAT with and without Variable Source Area Hydrology to a Large Watershed
Authors: Woodbury Joshua D. , Shoemaker Christine A. , Easton Zachary M. , Cowan Dillon M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn this study, two different versions of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model were used to simulate the hydrology and biogeochemical response of the Cannonsville Reservoir watershed, in New York. The first version distributes overland flow in ways that are consistent with variable source area (VSA) hydrology driven by saturation excess runoff, whereas the second version is the standard version of SWAT. These two models were each calibrated for streamflow (Flow), particulate phosphorus (PP), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), and sediment (Sed) against measured data from the 1,200 km2 Cannonsville watershed. The standard version of the model yielded an r2 between the measured and simulated data of 0.85, 0.73, 0.70, and 0.72 for Flow, Sed, TDP, and PP, respectively. The VSA version yielded an r2 of 0.84, 0.69, 0.72, and 0.53 for Flow, Sed, TDP, and PP, respectively. The two models were then used to determine the maximum upper bound on the reduction in phosphorus loading by removing all of the corn in the watershed. The average reductions between the two models were 65 and 37% for PP and TDP, respectively. The VSA version was also used to estimate the effect of moving corn land in the watershed from the wettest, most runoff prone areas to the driest, least runoff prone areas, which cannot be done directly with the standard SWAT model.
Island biogeography from regional to local scales: evidence for a spatially scaled echo pattern of fern diversity in the Southeast Asian archipelago
Authors: Karger Dirk Nikolaus , Weigelt Patrick , Amoroso Victor B. , Darnaedi Dedy , Hidayat Arief , Kreft Holger , Kessler Michael 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study was to investigate whether the equilibrium theory of island biogeography (ETIB) is equally applicable at regional and local spatial scales, and whether the ‘echo pattern’, the correlation between regional species pool and local diversity by which the diversity of the regional species pool ‘trickles down’ to local scales, influences local diversity equally across a range of sampling scales.LocationTwelve mountain regions on islands having different sizes, degrees of isolation and environmental conditions in Indonesia and the Philippines.MethodsWe sampled ferns in standardized field plots within a fixed spatial design at six spatial scales (with the grain size varying from plot to island). Using ordinary least squares regression and relative variable importance, we tested for the predictive power of area and isolation as well as of local and regional environmental factors for explaining diversity at the chosen spatial scales.ResultsConsistent with MacArthur and Wilson's ETIB, we found the strongest correlations of area and isolation with diversity at regional scales. The explanatory power of area increased with increasing spatial scale. The strength of the negative relationships among diversity and isolation decreased with increasing spatial scale. We found evidence for an ‘echo pattern’ at large to intermediate but not at small spatial scales.Main conclusionsArea and isolation are strong predictors of biodiversity at regional scales. The size of the species pool has a scale‐dependent influence on diversity at smaller scales but is unimportant at the most local scale, where environmental conditions dominate as predictors of diversity. To make predictions about local diversity on islands it is therefore important to take the scale dependence of the ‘echo pattern’ into account.
Island biogeography of tropical alpine floras
Authors: Sklenář Petr , Hedberg Inga , Cleef Antoine M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimWe analysed the effects of alpine area, geographical distance between mountains and isolation due to topography on mountain plant species richness, regional species turnover and patterns of species distribution.LocationEquatorial mountains of East Africa, South America and New Guinea.MethodsWe collated lists of alpine species and estimated the extent of alpine area for seven mountains in each geographical region to construct species–area curves. We tested the observed frequency distribution of species among mountains against the expected distribution (assuming random dispersal) by means of a log‐likelihood test. We compared species turnover among mountains using species accumulation curves. We expressed floristic similarity between mountain pairs as chi‐square distance between observed and expected numbers of shared species and tested its correlation with geographical distance using the Mantel test.ResultsSamples of East African, South American and New Guinean alpine floras contained 371, 489 and 279 species, respectively. Andean genera tended to be more species rich than genera in the other regions. Species richness of the mountains correlated with log‐transformed area except in East Africa. Species distributions among mountains significantly deviated from random in all regions. Species turnover was lowest among East African sites and highest among South American sites, and the slopes of the cumulative species–area relationship were significantly different. Floristic similarity between mountains significantly declined with log(distance) in all regions, and the slope of the relationship was steepest in South America.Main conclusionsThe flora of the Andean páramo is confirmed to be the most species rich of the tropical alpine regions. Páramo genera tend to be richer in species than afroalpine and tropicalpine Asian genera. There is higher species turnover in the Andes and the floras of individual mountains are therefore quite distinct. In contrast, the floras of the East African mountains are more uniform and possess a relatively large number of widespread species.
Climate and species richness patterns of freshwater fish in North America and Europe
Authors: Griffiths David , McGonigle Chris , Quinn Rory 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTAimTo investigate the effect of climatic, historical and spatial variables on species richness patterns in freshwater fish.LocationNorthAmerica andEurope.MethodsRegional species lists were used to document the spatial richness patterns. Three realms,Europe andPacific andAtlanticNorthAmerica, were identified. The numbers of species, by habitat, migration and distributional range categories, were calculated and the contributions of regional mean and seasonal temperature and rainfall, historical (realm, glaciation), and spatial (area, elevational range) variables to predicting richness were assessed using boosted regression trees, model‐averaging and spatially explicit models.ResultsThe latitudinal temperature gradient is stronger than that for rainfall in theAtlantic realm whereas the rainfall gradient inEurope is independent of the temperature gradient. Species richness is more strongly correlated with temperature than rainfall, and the effects are stronger in theAtlantic realm than inEurope. The influence of environmental variables differs between habitat specialist and generalist species. Climate, particularly maximum monthly temperature, is the best predictor of richness in rivers whereas climate variables are less important than historical/spatial variables for diadromous species.Main conclusionsFreshwater fish richness differences between realms follow differences in spatial climatic trends. The contributions of climatic, historical and spatial predictor variables vary with ecology: temperature is a better predictor than rainfall in river‐dwellers. The richness gradient is driven more by physiological than by energetic constraints on species. The importance of history is probably underestimated because of correlations with climate variables.
High Blood Pressure in Overweight and Obese Youth: Implications for Screening
Authors: Koebnick Corinna , Black Mary Helen , Wu Jun , Martinez Mayra P. , Smith Ning , Kuizon Beatriz , Cuan David , Young Deborah Rohm , Lawrence Jean M. , Jacobsen Steven J. 
Published: October 2013

In the absence of evidence‐based guidelines for high blood pressure screening in asymptomatic youth, a reasonable strategy is to screen those who are at high risk. The present study aimed to identify optimal body mass index (BMI) thresholds as a marker for high‐risk youth to predict hypertension prevalence. In a cross‐sectional study, youth aged 6 to 17 years (n=237,248) enrolled in an integrated prepaid health plan in 2007 to 2009 were classified according to theirBMIand hypertension status. In moderately and extremely obese youth, the prevalence of hypertension was 3.8% and 9.2%, respectively, compared with 0.9% in normal weight youth. The adjusted prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals) of hypertension for normal weight, overweight, moderate obesity, and extreme obesity were 1.00 (Reference), 2.27 (2.08–2.47), 4.43 (4.10–4.79), and 10.76 (9.99–11.59), respectively. The prevalence of hypertension was best predicted by aBMI‐for‐age ≥94th percentile. These results suggest that all obese youth should be screened for hypertension.
Repeated H2O2 exposure drives cell cycle progression in an in vitro model of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Poehlmann Angela , Reissig Kathrin , Schönfeld Peter , Walluscheck Diana , Schinlauer Antje , Hartig Roland , Lessel Wiebke , Guenther Thomas , Silver Andrew , Roessner Albert 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) drives tumourigenesis in ulcerative colitis (UC). Recently, we showed that H2O2 activates DNA damage checkpoints in human colonic epithelial cells (HCEC) through c‐Jun N‐terminal Kinases (JNK) that induces p21WAF1. Moreover, caspases circumvented the G1/S and intra‐S checkpoints, and cells accumulated in G2/M. The latter observation raised the question of whether repeated H2O2 exposures alter JNK activation, thereby promoting a direct passage of cells from G2/M arrest to driven cell cycle progression. Here, we report that increased proliferation of repeatedly H2O2‐exposed HCEC cells (C‐cell cultures) was associated with (i) increased phospho‐p46 JNK, (ii) decreased total JNK and phospho‐p54 JNK and (iii) p21WAF1 down‐regulation. Altered JNK activation and p21WAF1 down‐regulation were accompanied by defects in maintaining G2/M and mitotic spindle checkpoints through adaptation, as well as by apoptosis resistance following H2O2 exposure. This may cause increased proliferation of C‐cell cultures, a defining initiating feature in the inflammation‐carcinoma pathway in UC. We further suggest that dysregulated JNK activation is attributed to a non‐apoptotic function of caspases, causing checkpoint adaptation in C‐cell cultures. Additionally, loss of cell‐contact inhibition and the overcoming of senescence, hallmarks of cancer, contributed to increased proliferation. Furthermore, there was evidence that p54 JNK inactivation is responsible for loss of cell‐contact inhibition. We present a cellular model of UC and suggest a sinusoidal pattern of proliferation, which is triggered by H2O2‐induced reactive oxygen species generation, involving an interplay between JNK activation/inactivation, p21WAF1, c‐Fos, c‐Jun/phospho‐c‐Jun, ATF2/phospho‐ATF2, β‐catenin/TCF4‐signalling, c‐Myc, CDK6 and Cyclin D2, leading to driven cell cycle progression.
Sinus augmentation using BMP‐2 in a bovine hydroxyapatite/collagen carrier in dogs
Authors: Cha Jae‐Kook , Lee Jung‐Seok , Kim Min‐Soo , Choi Seong‐Ho , Cho Kyoo‐Sung , Jung Ui‐Won 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimThe objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) in a bovine hydroxyapatite/collagen (BHC) carrier to augment bone formation in a canine nasal sinus model.MethodsEight mongrel dogs, approximately 12 months old and 30 kg in weight were used. Following preparation of bilateral sinus access windows, BHC alone (control) or loaded with E. coli‐derived BMP‐2 at 0.1 mg/ml was implanted in four animals, and BHC loaded with E. coli‐derived BMP‐2 at 0.5 and 1.5 mg/ml was implanted in four animals. The animals were euthanized at 20 weeks when block sections were obtained for micro‐computed tomography and histometric analyses.ResultsTotal augmented volumes did not differ significantly between groups. Histometric analysis showed significantly enhanced bone formation for the BMP‐2 groups compared with control.ConclusionBMP‐2 in a BHC carrier, even at the low 0.1‐mg/ml concentration, induces osteogenic activity, enhancing local bone formation in a canine sinus model.
Derivation of a short form of the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire
Authors: Machuca Carolina , Baker Sarah R. , Sufi Farzana , Mason Stephen , Barlow Ashley , Robinson Peter G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimTo derive and evaluate a short form of the Dentine Hypersensitivity Experience Questionnaire.MethodsData from three previous studies of dentine hypersensitivity (n = 353) were pooled and randomly divided into half. Ten‐ and 15‐item short forms were derived in the first half of the data using the item impact and regression methods. The four short forms were evaluated in the second half.ResultsThe 10 and 15‐item versions of the regression short form detected impacts in 37% and 61% of participants, respectively, compared to 68% and 93% using the item impact method. All short forms had internal consistency (Cronbach's α) >0.84 and test–retest reliability (ICC) >0.89. All correlated with the long form (all r > 0.93, p < 0.001) and with the effect of the mouth on everyday life (all r ≥ 0.73, p < 0.001). None of the short forms detected a treatment effect in two trials although all four showed a tendency to detect an effect in a trial where the long form had done so.ConclusionsThe 15‐item short form derived with the item impact method performed better than other short forms and appears to be sufficiently robust for use in individual patients.
Comorbidities in preschool children at family risk of dyslexia
Authors: Gooch Debbie , Hulme Charles , Nash Hannah M. , Snowling Margaret J. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundComorbidity among developmental disorders such as dyslexia, language impairment, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and developmental coordination disorder is common. This study explores comorbid weaknesses in preschool children at family risk of dyslexia with and without language impairment and considers the role that comorbidity plays in determining children's outcomes.MethodThe preschool attention, executive function and motor skills of 112 children at family risk for dyslexia, 29 of whom also met criteria for language impairment, were assessed at ages 3½ and 4½ years. The performance of these children was compared to the performance of children with language impairment and typically developing controls.ResultsWeaknesses in attention, executive function and motor skills were associated with language impairment rather than family risk status. Individual differences in language and executive function are strongly related during the preschool period, and preschool motor skills predicted unique variance (4%) in early reading skills over and above children's language ability.ConclusionComorbidity between developmental disorders can be observed in the preschool years: children with language impairment have significant and persistent weaknesses in motor skills and executive function compared to those without language impairment. Children's early language and motor skills are predictors of children's later reading skills.
Longitudinal relations between maternal depressive symptoms and child sleep problems: the role of parasympathetic nervous system reactivity
Authors: Keller Peggy S. , Kouros Chrystyna D. , Erath Stephen A. , Dahl Ronald E. , El‐Sheikh Mona 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundWe examined maternal depressive symptoms (MDS) as longitudinal predictors of actigraphy‐measured sleep; children's respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was tested as a moderator of these relations.MethodA total of 271 children (145 boys and 126 girls) participated in a three‐wave study (M age at T1 = 9.38 years), with a 1‐year lag between waves. Children wore actigraphs to derive sleep parameters. RSA reactivity was assessed during a social stress test.ResultsContrary to hypotheses, MDS were related to less sleep over time for children exhibiting greater RSA withdrawal. Consistent with hypotheses, MDS were related longitudinally to decreased sleep activity for children exhibiting less RSA withdrawal.ConclusionsFindings illustrate the importance of maternal influences and physiological regulation as predictors of children's sleep.
Obesity as an effect modifier of the association between leptin and diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Hanai Ko , Babazono Tetsuya , Takagi Michino , Yoshida Naoshi , Nyumura Izumi , Toya Kiwako , Tanaka Nobue , Uchigata Yasuko 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionObesity has been shown to be a modifier of the association between leptin levels and cardiovascular events. We examined whether obesity modifies the association between serum leptin levels and the progression of diabetic kidney disease.Materials and MethodsThis was an observational longitudinal study on patients with type 2 diabetes. We enrolled 410 and 348 patients in the eGFR and ACR cohorts, respectively. Patients were classified into three groups by sex‐specific tertile of leptin levels. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Outcomes were the rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and progression to a more advanced stage of albuminuria.ResultsIn the eGFR cohort, the mean eGFR change during the median follow‐up period of 4.7 years was −1.4 mL/min/1.73 m2/year. An interaction between leptin levels (low, medium or high) and obesity (present or absent) on the change in eGFR was detected (P interaction = 0.003). In the lean group, adjusted eGFR decline in patients with low leptin was steeper than that in patients with medium leptin (2.1 and 0.8 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, P = 0.023). In the obese group, patients with high leptin had a steeper adjusted eGFR decline than those with medium leptin (1.7 and 0.6 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, P = 0.044). In the ACR cohort, 29 patients showed progression of albuminuria during the median follow‐up period of 3.9 years. There was no interaction between leptin levels and obesity on the outcome (P interaction = 0.094).ConclusionsObesity might modify the effects of leptin on kidney function decline in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Usefulness of the insulin tolerance test in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin therapy
Authors: Okita Kohei , Iwahashi Hiromi , Kozawa Junji , Okauchi Yukiyoshi , Funahashi Tohru , Imagawa Akihisa , Shimomura Iichiro 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo establish the validity of the plasma glucose disappearance rate (KITT), derived from an insulin‐tolerance test (ITT), for evaluating the insulin sensitivity of patients with type 2 diabetes after insulin therapy.Materials and MethodsIn the first arm of the study, 19 patients with poorly controlled diabetes were treated with insulin and underwent an ITT and a euglycemic clamp test (clamp‐IR). The relationship between the insulin resistance index, as assessed by both the clamp‐IR and KITT tests, was examined. In the second arm of the study, the relationships between KITT values and various clinical parameters were investigated in 135 patients with poorly controlled diabetes, after achieving glycemic control with insulin.ResultsIn study 1, a close correlation between KITT and the average glucose infusion rate during the last 30 min of the standard clamp‐IR test (M‐value) was noted (P < 0.001). In study 2, body mass index (P = 0.0011), waist circumference (P = 0.0004), visceral fat area (P = 0.0011) and the log‐transformed homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance value (P = 0.0003) were negatively correlated with the log‐transformed KITT. High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.0183), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.0121) and adiponectin (P = 0.0384) levels were positively correlated with the log‐transformed KITT.ConclusionsThe ITT is a valid and useful test for evaluating the insulin sensitivity of patients with diabetes, even after treatment with insulin.