bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
G Protein–Coupled Receptor-Type G Proteins Are Required for Light-Dependent Seedling Growth and Fertility inArabidopsis
Authors: Jaffé Felix W. , Freschet Gian-Enrico C. , Valdes Billy M. , Runions John , Terry Matthew J. , Williams Lorraine E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractG protein–coupled receptor-type G proteins (GTGs) are highly conserved membrane proteins in plants, animals, and fungi that have eight to nine predicted transmembrane domains. They have been classified as G protein–coupled receptor-type G proteins that function as abscisic acid (ABA) receptors in Arabidopsis thaliana. We cloned Arabidopsis GTG1 and GTG2 and isolated new T-DNA insertion alleles of GTG1 and GTG2 in both Wassilewskija and Columbia backgrounds. These gtg1 gtg2 double mutants show defects in fertility, hypocotyl and root growth, and responses to light and sugars. Histological studies of shoot tissue reveal cellular distortions that are particularly evident in the epidermal layer. Stable expression of GTG1pro:GTG1-GFP (for green fluorescent protein) in Arabidopsis and transient expression in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) indicate that GTG1 is localized primarily to Golgi bodies and to the endoplasmic reticulum. Microarray analysis comparing gene expression profiles in the wild type and double mutant revealed differences in expression of genes important for cell wall function, hormone response, and amino acid metabolism. The double mutants isolated here respond normally to ABA in seed germination assays, root growth inhibition, and gene expression analysis. These results are inconsistent with their proposed role as ABA receptors but demonstrate that GTGs are fundamentally important for plant growth and development.
Two Interacting Proteins Are Necessary for the Editing of the NdhD-1 Site in Arabidopsis Plastids
Authors: Boussardon Clément , Salone Véronique , Avon Alexandra , Berthomé Richard , Hammani Kamel , Okuda Kenji , Shikanai Toshiharu , Small Ian , Lurin Claire 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
After transcription, mRNA editing in angiosperm chloroplasts and mitochondria results in the conversion of cytidine to uridine by deamination. Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana mutants affected in RNA editing have shown that many pentatricopeptide repeat proteins (PPRs) are required for specific cytidine deamination events. PPR proteins have been shown to be sequence-specific RNA binding proteins allowing the recognition of the C to be edited. The C-terminal DYW domain present in many editing factors has been proposed to catalyze C deamination, as it shows sequence similarities with cytidine deaminases in other organisms. However, many editing factors, such as the first to be discovered, CHLORORESPIRATORY REDUCTION4 (CRR4), lack this domain, so its importance has been unclear. Using a reverse genetic approach, we identified DYW1, an RNA editing factor acting specifically on the plastid ndhD-1 editing site recognized by CRR4. Unlike other known editing factors, DYW1 contains no identifiable PPR motifs but does contain a clear DYW domain. We were able to show interaction between CRR4 and DYW1 by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and to reconstitute a functional chimeric CRR4-DYW1 protein complementing the crr4 dyw1double mutant. We propose that CRR4 and DYW1 act together to edit the ndhD-1 site.
Failure of the Tomato Trans-Acting Short Interfering RNA Program to Regulate AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 and ARF4 Underlies the Wiry Leaf Syndrome
Authors: Yifhar Tamar , Pekker Irena , Peled Dror , Friedlander Gilgi , Pistunov Anna , Sabban Moti , Wachsman Guy , Alvarez John Paul , Amsellem Ziva , Eshed Yuval 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Interfering with small RNA production is a common strategy of plant viruses. A unique class of small RNAs that require microRNA and short interfering (siRNA) biogenesis for their production is termed trans-acting short interfering RNAs (ta-siRNAs). Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) wiry mutants represent a class of phenotype that mimics viral infection symptoms, including shoestring leaves that lack leaf blade expansion. Here, we show that four WIRY genes are involved in siRNA biogenesis, and in their corresponding mutants, levels of ta-siRNAs that regulate AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ARF3) and ARF4 are reduced, while levels of their target ARFs are elevated. Reducing activity of both ARF3 and ARF4 can rescue the wiry leaf lamina, and increased activity of either can phenocopy wiry leaves. Thus, a failure to negatively regulate these ARFs underlies tomato shoestring leaves. Overexpression of these ARFs in Arabidopsis thaliana, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and potato (Solanum tuberosum) failed to produce wiry leaves, suggesting that the dramatic response in tomato is exceptional. As negative regulation of orthologs of these ARFs by ta-siRNA is common to land plants, we propose that ta-siRNA levels serve as universal sensors for interference with small RNA biogenesis, and changes in their levels direct species-specific responses.
Mutations in the Arabidopsis H3K4me2/3 Demethylase JMJ14 Suppress Posttranscriptional Gene Silencing by Decreasing Transgene Transcription
Authors: Le Masson Ivan , Jauvion Vincent , Bouteiller Nathalie , Rivard Maud , Elmayan Taline , Vaucheret Hervé 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
Posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) mediated by sense transgenes (S-PTGS) results in RNA degradation and DNA methylation of the transcribed region. Through a forward genetic screen, a mutant defective in the Histone3 Lysine4 di/trimethyl (H3K4me2/3) demethylase Jumonji-C (JmjC) domain-containing protein14 (JMJ14) was identified. This mutant reactivates various transgenes silenced by S-PTGS and shows reduced Histone3 Lysine9 Lysine14 acetylation (H3K9K14Ac) levels, reduced polymerase II occupancy, reduced transgene transcription, and increased DNA methylation in the promoter region, consistent with the hypothesis that high levels of transcription are required to trigger S-PTGS. The jmj14 mutation also reduces the expression of transgenes that do not trigger S-PTGS. Moreover, expression of transgenes that undergo S-PTGS in a wild-type background is reduced in jmj14 sgs3 double mutants compared with PTGS-deficient sgs3 mutants, indicating that JMJ14 is required for high levels of transcription in a PTGS-independent manner. Whereas endogenous loci regulated by JMJ14 exhibit increased H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 levels in the jmj14 mutant, transgene loci exhibit unchanged H3K4me2 and decreased H3K4me3 levels. Because jmj14 mutations impair PTGS of transgenes expressed under various plant or viral promoters, we hypothesize that JMJ14 demethylation activity is prevented by antagonistic epigenetic marks specifically imposed at transgene loci. Removing JMJ14 likely allows other H3K4 demethylases encoded by the Arabidopsis thaliana genome to act on transgenes and reduce transcription levels, thus preventing the triggering of S-PTGS.
Essential Role of VIPP1 in Chloroplast Envelope Maintenance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Lingang , Kato Yusuke , Otters Stephanie , Vothknecht Ute C. , Sakamoto Wataru 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
VESICLE-INDUCING PROTEIN IN PLASTIDS1 (VIPP1), proposed to play a role in thylakoid biogenesis, is conserved in photosynthetic organisms and is closely related to Phage Shock Protein A (PspA), which is involved in plasma membrane integrity in Escherichia coli. This study showed that chloroplasts/plastids in Arabidopsis thaliana vipp1 knockdown and knockout mutants exhibit a unique morphology, forming balloon-like structures. This altered morphology, as well as lethality of vipp1, was complemented by expression of VIPP1 fused to green fluorescent protein (VIPP1-GFP). Several lines of evidence show that the balloon chloroplasts result from chloroplast swelling related to osmotic stress, implicating VIPP1 in the maintenance of plastid envelopes. In support of this, Arabidopsis VIPP1 rescued defective proton leakage in an E. coli pspA mutant. Microscopy observation of VIPP1-GFP in transgenic Arabidopsis revealed that VIPP1 forms large macrostructures that are integrated into various morphologies along the envelopes. Furthermore, live imaging revealed that VIPP1-GFP is highly mobile when chloroplasts are subjected to osmotic stress. VIPP1-GFP showed dynamic movement in the transparent area of spherical chloroplasts, as the fluorescent molecules formed filament-like structures likely derived from disassembly of the large VIPP1 complex. Collectively, our data demonstrate that VIPP1 is a multifunctional protein in chloroplasts that is critically important for envelope maintenance.
New business models for creating shared value
Authors: Michelini Laura , Fiorentino Daniela 
Published: September 2012

PurposeFor a long time, managing the relationship between business and society has been one of the main topics of academic and business literature. Porter and Kramer have proposed a new interpretation of this relationship based on the mutual dependence that exists between corporations and society. Trying to put into practice the shared value principle, for‐profit companies engaging in strategic CSR have chosen to implement new hybrid business models. These models include the social business model and the inclusive business model. The purpose of the paper is to understand which characteristics distinguish social and inclusive business models and what kind of benefits and risks (for companies and for communities) are connected to each model.Design/methodology/approachIn order to identify the features of the inclusive business and social business models and the benefits and risks associated with these models, ten case studies were analyzed. Analysis of the business models was based on a theoretical framework developed through the analysis of the literature.FindingsThe findings of the research suggest two main conclusions. First, social and inclusive business models are similar in partner networks, use of knowledge and value chain, in the development of innovative distribution models (except for the cases in which the market considered is not in an emerging country) and in terms of social benefit. Second, the social and inclusive business models are different in terms of value proposition, governance systems, profits management model, social risks and economic profit equation.Research limitations/implicationsThe first limitation is that the case study analysis is based on documentary materials; for further investigation it might be useful to develop in‐depth interviews with key figures involved in the implementation of business models. Even though this descriptive study has allowed a first important step in taking a comparative analysis between the two business models, further research should strive to extend the analysis to all the hybrid business models that are being developed with the aim of creating shared value.Practical implicationsThe final propositions allow entrepreneurs and managers to better understand the characteristics of business models. Moreover, the theoretical framework is a conceptual instrument that is useful in analyzing and evaluating alternative ways to develop new business models – based on the “creating shared value” principle – in developing markets.Originality/valueThe paper focuses on comparing the characteristics of the social versus inclusive business models. Studies that compare business models in the social venturing space are limited. Moreover, the study addresses the similarity and differences between the two business models rather than focusing on the two models separately as the previous researches have done.
Cause and effect between FII trading behaviour and stock market returns
Authors: Chandra Abhijeet 
Published: September 2012

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the direction of causality between foreign institutional investment (FII) trading volume and stock market returns in the Indian context. There is evidence of uni‐directional causalities from stock returns to FII flows across various sample periods. The paper attempts to establish whether net FII trading volume causes variations in stock market returns or vice versa.Design/methodology/approachUsing daily data on three different measures of FII trading volume as proxy for FII trading behaviour and S&P CNX Nifty returns, Granger‐causality approach is applied to investigate the bi‐directional causality between net FII trades and returns.FindingsBi‐directional causality between net FII investment and Indian stock market return is observed. In general, the FIIs seem to be chasing the Indian stock market returns. It is found that FII trading behaviour resulting in heavy trading volumes may cause variations in stock market returns only in the very short‐term, but afterwards, it is the stock market returns which cause changes in FII trading behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsSince foreign equity investors monitor the movement of stock prices, and furthermore, the role of FIIs' exerting impact on Indian stock markets tends to be growing, the authorities will have to develop an environment where FIIs would maintain their positions with confidence, thereby making the markets, as well as investments, more stable. This research considered only stock market returns to test its relationship with three measures of FII trading volume; more macroeconomic as well as microeconomic variables may further be considered for the purpose.Originality/valueThe paper contributes some empirical evidence using three different measures of FII trading volume as proxy of FII trading behaviour, and its bi‐directional relationship with Indian stock market returns.
Evaluation of the adult patient with atopic dermatitis
Authors: de Bruin Weller M. S. , Rockmann H. , Knulst A. C. , Bruijnzeel‐Koomen C. A. F. M. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with a large impact on quality of life of the patients and their families. In most cases, the diagnosis of AD can easily be made based on (family) history and clinical examination. If necessary, a practical set of diagnostic criteria such as the UK diagnostic criteria can be used. During the diagnostic phase, it is important to pay attention to atopic comorbidity, such as allergic airway disease (allergic asthma and/or rhinitis), allergic eye disease (atopic (kerato) conjunctivitis) and immediate‐type food allergy. This will not have direct consequences for the treatment of AD, but may be important for the overall well‐being of the patient. Psychological factors, such as family circumstances, work/school performance and lifestyle factors should also be explored. Severity scoring using properly validated scoring lists may not be necessary for the diagnosis, however, is recommended for monitoring therapy. Simple scoring systems, such as TIS and IGA are easy to perform in daily practice. Several flare factors in AD, such as exposure to irritants or UV light, can be identified by history and clinical examination: in individual cases, additional diagnostic tests may sometimes be useful to confirm clinical suspicion. There is only limited evidence that allergen exposure to aeroallergens and/or food allergens influences AD severity. Therefore, routine allergen testing is not necessary for diagnosis and treatment of AD. The decision to perform allergen tests mainly depends on atopic comorbidity.
The Association Between Asthma and Helicobacter pylori: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Wang Qiang , Yu Chaoran , Sun Yi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectiveThe severity and incidence of asthma have increased drastically in the developed nations of the world over the last decades. Currently, some evidences indicate an inverse association between Helicobacter pylori and asthma, but some studies did not get the same conclusion. To make this question clear, we systematically reviewed the published evidence for an association between H. pylori infection and asthma.MethodsMedline and SCI databases up to April 2012 were searched to identify studies that evaluated the association between H. pylori and asthma. Relevant publications were searched using the following keywords or synonyms: asthma or Helicobacter pylori. Methodologic quality was scored by using a standardized list of criteria, and meta‐analysis was conducted to calculate crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsNineteen studies met our inclusion criteria: nine cross‐sectional studies, seven case–control studies, and three prospective cohort studies. The overall methodologic quality score was high. Pooled ORs for the association between asthma and H. pylori infection were 0.84 (95% CI: 0.74–0.96) in nine cross‐sectional studies, 0.94 (95% CI: 0.79–1.12) in seven case–control studies, and 0.82 (95% CI: 0.53–1.27) in three cohort studies. The pooled OR for all included studies was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.72–0.91) in children and 0.88 (95% CI: 0.71–1.08) in adults.ConclusionsWe found a weak evidence for an inverse association between asthma and H. pylori infection both in children and in adults.
Technetium‐99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand‐induced osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Gong Wei , Dou Huan , Liu Xianqin , Sun Lingyun , Hou Yayi 
Published: September 2012

Summary
In the present study, we investigated the effects of technetium‐99 conjugated with methylene diphosphonate (99Tc‐MDP), an agent used in radionuclide therapy, on receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclastogenesis and explored the underlying mechanisms.
The murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and bone marrow‐derived‐macrophages from C57BL/6 mice (BMM) were used as models for osteoclastogenesis in vitro. The expression of some key factors in RANKL (50 ng/mL)‐induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells was investigated by flow cytometry and real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). To detect multinucleated osteoclast formation, RAW264.7 cells were induced with RANKL for 4 days, whereas BMM were induced by 50 ng/mL RANKL and 20 ng/mL macrophage colony‐stimulating factor for 7 days, before being stained with tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase.
Osteoclastogenesis was evaluated using the osteoclast markers CD51, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 and cathepsin K. At 0.01 μg/mL, 99Tc‐MDP significantly inhibited RANKL‐induced osteoclastogenesis without any cytotoxicity. In addition, 99Tc‐MDP abolished the appearance of multinucleated osteoclasts.
Real‐time RT‐PCR analysis of transcription factor expression revealed that 99Tc‐MDP inhibited the expression of c‐Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells. In addition, 99Tc‐MDP inhibited the expression of the inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α and IL‐1β. Finally, 99Tc‐MDP inhibited the activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinases in RAW264.7 cells following RANKL stimulation.
In conclusion, 99Tc‐MDP possesses anti‐osteoclastogenic activity against RANKL‐induced osteoclast formation.
Biotic acceptance in introduced amphibians and reptiles in Europe and North America
Authors: Poessel Sharon A. , Beard Karen H. , Callahan Colin M. , Ferreira Rodrigo B. , Stevenson Erika T. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimThe biotic resistance hypothesis argues that complex plant and animal communities are more resistant to invasion than simpler communities. Conversely, the biotic acceptance hypothesis states that non‐native and native species richness are positively related. Most tests of these hypotheses at continental scales, typically conducted on plants, have found support for biotic acceptance. We tested these hypotheses on both amphibians and reptiles across Europe and North America.LocationContinental countries in Europe and states/provinces in North America.MethodsWe used multiple linear regression models to determine which factors predicted successful establishment of amphibians and reptiles in Europe and North America, and additional models to determine which factors predicted native species richness.ResultsSuccessful establishment of amphibians and reptiles in Europe and reptiles in North America was positively related to native species richness. We found higher numbers of successful amphibian species in Europe than in North America. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) was positively related to non‐native species richness for amphibians and reptiles in Europe and reptiles in North America. PET was also the primary factor determining native species richness for both amphibians and reptiles in Europe and North America.Main conclusionsWe found support for the biotic acceptance hypothesis for amphibians and reptiles in Europe and reptiles in North America, suggesting that the presence of native amphibian and reptile species generally indicates good habitat for non‐native species. Our data suggest that the greater number of established amphibians per native amphibians in Europe than in North America might be explained by more introductions in Europe or climate‐matching of the invaders. Areas with high native species richness should be the focus of control and management efforts, especially considering that non‐native species located in areas with a high number of natives can have a large impact on biological diversity.
Towards a more mechanistic understanding of traits and range sizes
Authors: Laube Irina , Korntheuer Heiko , Schwager Monika , Trautmann Sven , Rahbek Carsten , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimAn important, unresolved question in macroecology is to understand the immense inter‐specific variation in geographic range sizes. While species traits such as fecundity or body size are thought to affect range sizes, a general understanding on how multiple traits jointly influence them is missing. Here, we test the influence of a multitude of species traits on global range sizes ofEuropean passerine birds in order to better understand possible mechanisms behind macroecological relationships.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe evaluated the effect of life‐history traits (fecundity, dispersal ability), ecological traits (habitat niche, diet niche, migratory behaviour, migratory flexibility) and a morphological trait (body size) on the global range sizes of 165European passerines. We identified hypotheses from the literature relating traits to range size and used path analysis to test them.ResultsFecundity, dispersal ability and habitat niche breadth had a direct positive effect on range size. Diet niche position had a direct negative effect on range size. Habitat niche breadth also had an indirect positive effect via higher fecundity. Migratory behaviour had an indirect positive effect via better dispersal ability. Body size had a strong positive direct effect which was reduced by negative indirect effects via several other traits.Main conclusionsGeographic range sizes ofEuropean passerines were influenced by life‐history traits (fecundity and dispersal ability), ecological traits (habitat niche breadth, diet niche position and migratory behaviour) and by body size. Traits influenced range size both directly and indirectly. Body size effects were particularly complex, with positive and negative effects acting over different pathways. We show that it is necessary to disentangle the direct and indirect influence of multiple traits on range size to better elucidate the mechanisms that generate macroecological relationships.