bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular delimitation of cryptic Australian squid species of the genus Uroteuthis Rehder, 1945 (Cephalopoda: Loliginidae), provides a baseline of diversity to resolve classification challenges throughout the Indo-Pacific
Authors: Morgan Jess A T , Dunning Malcolm C , Ovenden Jennifer R , Broderick Damien , Street Raewyn , Davies Julia , Hall Karina C 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
This study provides a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of Uroteuthis squid from the Indo-Pacific region. The main aim was to increase sample coverage from northern and eastern Australian waters to resolve the identity and distribution of Uroteuthis species taken by local fisheries. Two mitochondrial regions, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA), were sequenced from 220 new specimens and analysed with a further 51 sequences from GenBank to create a combined phylogeny for the genus. Three nuclear regions, 18S ribosomal DNA (18S rDNA), 28S ribosomal DNA (28S rDNA) and rhodopsin, were also sequenced from representatives of each species. Based on the mitochondrial phylogeny plus distance and tree-based delimitation models, a COI species barcode gap of 4–5% is proposed for discriminating Uroteuthis species. Applying this gap partitioned many described species into species complexes; for example, U. duvaucelii, U. noctiluca and U. edulis resolved into 10 species. Although more conserved, mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequences differentiated all new species clades, whereas none of the nuclear markers resolved the closest species. Results confirm that neither U. chinensis nor U. edulis occurs in Australian waters. Five undescribed species are identified from northern and eastern Australia, of which four are consistent with earlier allozyme studies (and two align with existing DNA sequences). One is a new southeastern, deeper shelf species differentiated in this study, along with a sixth undescribed species from Indonesian waters. Results of the molecular analysis are now being used to inform complementary morphometric analyses for new species descriptions, and genetic stock structure assessments of these important fisheries resources.
Effect of Sound Genre on Emotional Responses for Adults With and Without Hearing Loss
Authors: Marcrum Steven C. , Rakita Lori , Picou Erin M. 
Published: August 2024

Objectives:
Adults with permanent hearing loss exhibit a reduced range of valence ratings in response to nonspeech sounds; however, the degree to which sound genre might affect such ratings is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine if ratings of valence covary with sound genre (e.g., social communication, technology, music), or only expected valence (pleasant, neutral, unpleasant).

Design:
As part of larger study protocols, participants rated valence and arousal in response to nonspeech sounds. For this study, data were reanalyzed by assigning sounds to unidimensional genres and evaluating relationships between hearing loss, age, and gender and ratings of valence. In total, results from 120 adults with normal hearing (M = 46.3 years, SD = 17.7, 33 males and 87 females) and 74 adults with hearing loss (M = 66.1 years, SD = 6.1, 46 males and 28 females) were included.

Results:
Principal component analysis confirmed valence ratings loaded onto eight unidimensional factors: positive and negative social communication, positive and negative technology, music, animal, activities, and human body noises. Regression analysis revealed listeners with hearing loss rated some genres as less extreme (less pleasant/less unpleasant) than peers with better hearing, with the relationship between hearing loss and valence ratings being similar across genres within an expected valence category. In terms of demographic factors, female gender was associated with less pleasant ratings of negative social communication, positive and negative technology, activities, and human body noises, while increasing age was related to a subtle rise in valence ratings across all genres.

Conclusions:
Taken together, these results confirm and extend previous findings that hearing loss is related to a reduced range of valence ratings and suggest that this effect is mediated by expected sound valence, rather than sound genre.
Current efforts and historical perspectives on classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
Authors: Glaubitz Stefanie , Saygin Didem , Lundberg Ingrid E. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
The classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies is challenging due to the large number of clinical, serological, histopathological and genetic findings, as well as the latest findings and developments in the field of myositis research. The latest official classification criteria are the 2017 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) classification criteria for adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, which have been extensively reviewed in recent years for their applicability, sensitivity and specificity.

Recent findings
The sensitivity and specificity of the 2017 ACR/EULAR criteria are sometimes performing better, but usually at the same level as the previous criteria. A large number of further suggestions for amendments to the criteria have been made. In particular there is a need to revise the criteria with regard to the addition of new myositis-specific autoantibodies, newly defined subgroups (especially antisynthetase syndrome, immune medicated necrotizing myopathy and overlap myositis) and possibly the addition of further diagnostic procedures (for instance, muscle MRI or PET CT) to improve the accuracy and timeliness of the criteria.

Summary
Efforts to optimize the myositis classification criteria have been extensive in recent years and a new global interdisciplinary collaboration of clinicians is currently taking place based on the previous results with the aim of revising the 2017 EULAR/ACR classification criteria.
Buckling of the Ligamentum Flavum in Patients with Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis
Authors: Yabe Yutaka , Ishikawa Keisuke , Kurosawa Daisuke , Murakami Eiichi , Aizawa Toshimi 
Published: August 2024

Study Design.
Experimental study.

Objective.
We sought to elucidate the association between ligamentum flavum thickening and tissue buckling, and the clinical and imaging factors related to buckling by comparing the ligamentum flavum thickness on MRI images and within the actual tissue.

Summary of Background Data.
Ligamentum flavum thickening is a main contributor to lumbar spinal canal stenosis. Buckling of the tissue may contribute to ligamentum flavum thickening along with tissue hypertrophy; however, this association has not been established conclusively.

Materials and Methods.
Ligamentum flavum samples (135 ligament samples) from 70 patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis were evaluated. The ligamentum flavum thicknesses on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and in the tissue samples were compared to assess for the presence of buckling. The ligamentum flavum samples were divided into groups with or without buckling based on the difference between their thicknesses on MRI and in the tissues. The Pearson correlation coefficient test was used to assess the relationships between the LF thicknesses on MRI and in the tissues, MRI-tissue difference and LF thickness in the tissues, and MRI-tissue difference and LF thickness on MRI. Further, differences between the buckling+ and buckling– groups were compared using the unpaired t-test (LF thickness on MRI, LF thickness in the tissues, age, disc angle, and disc height) and χ2 (disc level, disc degeneration, and receival/nonreceival of dialysis) test.

Results.
The ligamentum flavum thickness on MRI and in the tissues had a positive linear relationship, although the thickness was estimated to be significantly larger on MRI than in the tissues themselves. The ligamentum flavum with buckling had a larger thickness on MRI, less tissue hypertrophy, more severe disc degeneration, and was present in patients with a higher rate of dialysis. There were no differences in age and disc height, angle, or level between the two groups.

Conclusions.
Buckling of the ligamentum flavum coexists with tissue hypertrophy and contributes to perceived ligamentum thickening on imaging. Buckling of the ligamentum flavum tends to occur in less hypertrophied tissues and is associated with the grade of disc degeneration and the presence of other characteristics associated with spinal degeneration.
Incorporating Patient Values in Large Language Model Recommendations for Surrogate and Proxy Decisions
Authors: Nolan Victoria J. , Balch Jeremy A. , Baskaran Naveen P. , Shickel Benjamin , Efron Philip A. , Upchurch Gilbert R. , Bihorac Azra , Tignanelli Christopher J. , Moseley Ray E. , Loftus Tyler J. 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Surrogates, proxies, and clinicians making shared treatment decisions for patients who have lost decision-making capacity often fail to honor patients’ wishes, due to stress, time pressures, misunderstanding patient values, and projecting personal biases. Advance directives intend to align care with patient values but are limited by low completion rates and application to only a subset of medical decisions. Here, we investigate the potential of large language models (LLMs) to incorporate patient values in supporting critical care clinical decision-making for incapacitated patients in a proof-of-concept study.

Methods:
We simulated text-based scenarios for 50 decisionally incapacitated patients for whom a medical condition required imminent clinical decisions regarding specific interventions. For each patient, we also simulated five unique value profiles captured using alternative formats: numeric ranking questionnaires, text-based questionnaires, and free-text narratives. We used pre-trained generative LLMs for two tasks: 1) text extraction of the treatments under consideration and 2) prompt-based question-answering to generate a recommendation in response to the scenario information, extracted treatment, and patient value profiles. Model outputs were compared with adjudications by three domain experts who independently evaluated each scenario and decision.

Results and Conclusions:
Automated extractions of the treatment in question were accurate for 88% (n = 44/50) of scenarios. LLM treatment recommendations received an average Likert score by the adjudicators of 3.92 of 5.00 (five being best) across all patients for being medically plausible and reasonable treatment recommendations, and 3.58 of 5.00 for reflecting the documented values of the patient. Scores were highest when patient values were captured as short, unstructured, and free-text narratives based on simulated patient profiles. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential for LLMs to function as support tools for surrogates, proxies, and clinicians aiming to honor the wishes and values of decisionally incapacitated patients.
Assessment of Missing Data on Glaucoma Severity Among Participants in the NIH All of Us Research Program of the United States
Authors: Acuff Kaela N. , Radha Saseendrakumar Bharanidharan , Weinreb Robert N. , Baxter Sally L. 
Published: August 2024

Précis:
There were statistically significant differences across multiple socioeconomic characteristics and self-reported barriers to care among primary glaucoma patients with severity staging data versus those missing this data in the NIH All of Us database.

Purpose:
To characterize missing data among glaucoma patients within All of Us.

Materials and Methods:
We used diagnosis codes to define cohorts of primary glaucoma patients with and without severity staging specified. Descriptive analyses were conducted by presence of disease severity stage. Analysis of missing data was conducted using a set intersection plot and the Little Test of Missing Completely at Random. T tests were performed to evaluate differences.

Results:
Of 2982 participants, 1714 (57%) did not have glaucoma severity stage specified, and 11 of 23 analyzed variables had missing data. The Little Test indicated data was not missing completely at random (P<0.001). Significant differences existed between the 2 cohorts with respect to age, age of first glaucoma diagnosis, gender, ethnicity, education, income, insurance, history of glaucoma surgery and medication use, and answers regarding the ability to afford eyeglasses and having seen an eye care provider in the last 12 months (all P-values ≤0.01).

Conclusion:
There were significant differences between glaucoma participants with glaucoma severity stage specified versus those with unstaged disease across multiple socioeconomic characteristics and self-reported barriers to care. Glaucoma severity staging data was not missing completely at random. The unstaged cohort included higher rates of multiple underrepresented communities, which may potentially contribute to bias in ophthalmology research as participants from vulnerable populations may be disproportionately excluded from electronic health records or claims data studies where diagnosis codes with severity/staging levels are used to examine risk factors for disease, progression, and treatment efficacy.
Reporting and Management of Equinus Deformity After Partial Foot Amputation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hickson Taylor N. , Kenworthy Sally A. , Finco M.G. , Mullen Ashley H. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionPartial foot amputation (PFA) is a common strategy used to preserve limb length for patients requiring lower-limb amputation. Equinus development following PFA results in complications that may be addressed perioperatively or postoperatively. We sought to evaluate how equinus deformity was reported in recent literature related to PFA. If it was reported, we sought to document how it was measured and/or treated.MethodsA search of the literature was conducted on February 15, 2023, using PubMed, Scopus, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Complete online databases. Studies related to PFA were analyzed following scoping review guidelines.ResultsLiterature from January 1, 2013 to February 15, 2023, were included in the analysis. Twenty-seven studies reported how equinus deformity following PFA was measured, reported, or treated perioperatively, postoperatively, and/or with orthotic or prosthetic intervention.ConclusionsAlthough there is general consistency in reporting practices regarding development of equinus deformity following amputation at the transmetatarsal level, additional research is necessary for the standardization of reporting practices following Lisfranc and Chopart amputations to further inform clinical considerations.Clinical RelevanceThis scoping review highlights a lack of standardization of reporting practices and orthotic/prosthetic interventions for management of equinus deformity following Lisfranc and Chopart amputations.
Lung transplant referral considerations for individuals with cystic fibrosis
Authors: McLafferty Fred S. , Gray Alice L. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
The cystic fibrosis (CF) Foundation issued guidelines to promote timely lung transplant referral for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) in 2019. Since then more has been published to help refine this complex decision. The goal of this review is to summarize the recent literature informing disease severity in CF, barriers to referral for pwCF and guide timely and appropriate lung transplant referrals.

Recent Findings
Existing guidelines utilize the degree of airflow limitation as the primary criteria to refer for lung transplant, yet this variable has some prognostic uncertainty. Novel prognostic tools may provide more reliable metrics for predicting who with CF is at greatest risk of dying from their lung disease and could be used as an indicator for when to refer. In addition, updated analyses of national registry data have highlighted the significance of hemoptysis, low body mass index, and extra-pulmonary organ failure, as important prognostic markers. PwCF with these complications have historically been under-referred for lung transplant despite data suggesting lung transplant can be safe for some in these populations. Early referral should be considered in the presence of these complications.

Summary
This review builds on existing guidelines by incorporating novel data to better determine when lung transplant referral is most appropriate. Improved prognostic tools are still needed to decrease the chances of pwCF dying without consideration of lung transplant. It is still unclear how novel therapies for CF may change the need and timing for lung transplant referral.
The impact of chronic kidney disease on cognitive function
Authors: Pépin Marion , Levassort Hélène , Massy Ziad A. 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
The risk of cognitive impairment is higher in people with CKD than in the general population. The complex relationship between CKD and cognitive dysfunction has not been extensively characterized. Here, we review epidemiological associations, specific patterns of CKD-related cognitive impairment, the underlying mechanisms, and recently published data on relevant biomarkers.

Recent findings
Despite some discrepancies, recent published studies have confirmed that CKD is associated with cognitive function (e.g. incident cognitive events). Although patients with CKD often exhibit impairments in executive functions and attention, it is noteworthy that other cognitive functions (e.g. memory) can be preserved. The key mechanisms described recently include vascular damage, genetic factors, the accumulation of uremic toxins, disruption of the blood–brain barrier, glymphatic system dysfunction, and changes in the gut–brain axis. Kidney function is increasingly seen as a game changer in the interpretation of biomarkers of cognitive impairment and, especially, hallmarks of Alzheimer disease.

Summary
The data reviewed here highlight the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between nephrologists and neurologists in the care of patients with CKD at risk of cognitive impairment. In order to further improving diagnosis and therapy, future research must elucidate the mechanisms underlying the CKD–cognitive impairment association and confirm the value of biomarkers.
No longer stuck in the past: new advances in artificial intelligence and molecular assays for parasitology screening and diagnosis
Authors: Attaway Christopher , Mathison Blaine A. , Misra Anisha 
Published: August 2024

Purpose of review
Emerging technologies are revolutionizing parasitology diagnostics and challenging traditional methods reliant on microscopic analysis or serological confirmation, which are known for their limitations in sensitivity and specificity. This article sheds light on the transformative potential of artificial intelligence and molecular assays in the field, promising more accurate and efficient detection methods.

Recent findings
Artificial intelligence has emerged as a promising tool for blood and stool parasite review, when paired with comprehensive databases and expert oversight result in heightened specificity and sensitivity of diagnoses while also increasing efficiency. Significant strides have been made in nucleic acid testing for multiplex panels for enteric pathogen. Both multiplex and single target panels for Plasmodium, Babesia, filaria, and kinetoplastids have been developed and garnered regulatory approval, notably for blood donor screening in the United States. Additional technologies such as MALDI-TOF, metagenomics, flow cytometry, and CRISPR-Cas are under investigation for their diagnostic utility and are currently in the preliminary stages of research and feasibility assessment.

Summary
Recent implementation of artificial intelligence and digital microscopy has enabled swift smear screening and diagnosis, although widespread implementation remains limited. Simultaneously, molecular assays – both targeted and multiplex panels are promising and have demonstrated promise in numerous studies with some assays securing regulatory approval recently. Additional technologies are under investigation for their diagnostic utility and are compelling avenues for future proof-of-concept diagnostics.
7 T Lumbosacral Plexus Neurography
Authors: Marth Adrian A. , Feuerriegel Georg Constantin , Wanivenhaus Florian , Nanz Daniel , Sutter Reto 
Published: August 2024

Objectives
7 T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can offer superior spatial resolution compared with lower field strengths. However, its use for imaging of the lumbosacral plexus has been constrained by technical challenges and therefore remained relatively unexplored. Therefore, this study investigated the feasibility of 7 T MR neurography by means of comparing the visibility of the spinal nerves and image quality to 3 T MR neurography.

Materials and Methods
In this monocentric, institutional review board–approved, prospective study, 30 healthy subjects underwent acquisition time–matched 7 T MR neurography and 3 T MR neurography of the lumbar spine using a 3-dimensional dual-echo steady-state sequence. Visibility of the nerve root, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal nerve fascicles of L1–S1, along with image artifacts and overall image quality, were compared between the different field strengths by 2 radiologists using 4-point Likert scales (1 = poor, 4 = excellent). Comparisons between field strengths were made using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and interobserver agreement was assessed.

Results
7 T MR neurography enabled significantly improved visualization of the lumbar nerve roots, dorsal root ganglia, and spinal nerve fascicles (P ≤ 0.002). Compared with 3 T MR neurography, no difference in overall image quality was observed (P = 0.211), although 7 T MR imaging exhibited significantly increased image artifacts (P < 0.001). Interobserver agreement (κ) for qualitative measures ranged from 0.71 to 0.88 for 7 T, and from 0.75 to 0.91 for 3 T.

Conclusions
7 T MR neurography allowed for improved visualization of lumbar spinal nerves, whereas overall image quality was comparable to 3 T MR neurography. This supports the feasibility of 7 T MR neurography of the lumbosacral plexus, even though image artifacts at 7 T were significantly increased.
Can We Predict Gastric Leaks After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy by Evaluating the Complete Blood Count on Postoperative Day 1?
Authors: Seyit Hakan , Gokcal Fahri , Alis Halil 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
We assessed whether postoperative day-1 (POD-1) complete blood count (CBC) test parameters, including red cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), could identify patients with gastric leaks after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).

Methods:
Patients with postoperative gastric leaks (n=36) and patients with no complications who were selected by age-sex-BMI matching (n=254) were included in the study. The levels of RDW, MPW, PCT, PLR, and NLR were compared between groups in univariate analyses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was run for CBC parameters with a P-value<0.05 in univariate analyses. The area under the curve (AUC) was evaluated, and a cutoff value was determined. Sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio (LR), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated.

Results:
The level of PCT was significantly lower, while levels of PLR and NLR were significantly higher in patients with postoperative gastric leaks as compared with those without (P<0.05). The AUC of both PCT and PLR was <0.750, while the AUC of NLR was 0.911. NLR cutoff at 3.6 yielded 80% sensitivity, 92% specificity, and an LR of 10. In the study cohort, PPV of 59%, NPV of 97%, and an accuracy of 90% were found.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that NLR at POD-1, with a cutoff value of 3.6, is a useful indicator of postoperative gastric leak who underwent LSG. We recommend the use of this easily calculated parameter in clinical practice.