bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized clinical trial of goal-directed fluid therapy within an enhanced recovery protocol for elective colectomy
Authors: Srinivasa S , Taylor M H G , Singh P P , Yu T-C , Soop M , Hill A G 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) has been compared with liberal fluid administration in non-optimized perioperative settings. It is not known whether GDFT is of value within an enhanced recovery protocol incorporating fluid restriction. This study evaluated GDFT under these circumstances in patients undergoing elective colectomy.

Methods
Patients undergoing elective laparoscopic or open colectomy within an established enhanced recovery protocol (including fluid restriction) were randomized to GDFT or no GDFT. Bowel preparation was permitted for left colonic operations at the surgeon's discretion. Exclusion criteria included rectal tumours and stoma formation. The primary outcome was a patient-reported surgical recovery score (SRS). Secondary endpoints included clinical outcomes and physiological measures of recovery.

Results
Eighty-five patients were randomized, and there were 37 patients in each group for analysis. Nine patients in the GDFT and four in the fluid restriction group received oral bowel preparation for either anterior resection (12) or subtotal colectomy (1). Patients in the GDFT group received more colloid during surgery (mean 591 versus 297 ml; P = 0·012) and had superior cardiac indices (mean corrected flow time 374 versus 355 ms; P = 0·018). However, no differences were observed between the GDFT and fluid restriction groups with regard to surgical recovery (mean SRS after 7 days 47 versus 46 respectively; P = 0·853), other secondary outcomes (mean aldosterone/renin ratio 9 versus 8; P = 0·898), total postoperative fluid (median 3750 versus 2400 ml; P = 0·604), length of hospital stay (median 6 versus 5 days; P = 0·570) or number of patients with complications (26 versus 27; P = 1·000).

Conclusion
GDFT did not provide clinical benefit in patients undergoing elective colectomy within a protocol incorporating fluid restriction. Registration number: NCT00911391 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Impact of age and co-morbidity on surgical resection rate and survival in patients with oesophageal and gastric cancer
Authors: Koppert L B , Lemmens V E P P , Coebergh J W W , Steyerberg E W , Wijnhoven B P L , Tilanus H W , Janssen-Heijnen M L G 
Published: November 2012

Abstract

Background
Major surgery for cancer has become safer, including for elderly patients with co-morbidity. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between patient characteristics, resection rates and survival among patients with oesophageal or gastric cancer.

Methods
The prospective Dutch population-based Eindhoven Cancer Registry for oesophagogastric cancers diagnosed between 1995 and 2009 was studied retrospectively for patient characteristics including co-morbidity. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the likelihood of resection in patients with tumour node metastasis (TNM) stage I–III lesions. Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for survival.

Results
The database contained information on 923 patients with oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, 1181 with distal oesophageal, 942 with cardia and 3177 with subcardia cancer. Of patients with TNM stage I–III disease, 20·8 per cent (557 of 2680 patients) did not undergo resection. Age 70 years or above was associated with a lower likelihood of resection for distal oesophageal (odds ratio (OR) 0·24, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·14 to 0·41) and gastric (cardia: OR 0·41, 0·22 to 0·76; subcardia: OR 0·68, 0·48 to 0·97) cancer. The 30-day mortality rate increased with age (4·7 per cent in patients aged less than 70 years versus 11·9 per cent in those aged 70 years or more; P &lt; 0·001) and co-morbidity (no co-morbidity, 3·6 per cent; 1 co-morbidity, 8·6 per cent; 2 or more co-morbidities, 11·2 per cent; P = 0·015). Surgery (compared with no surgery) was independently associated with better survival for all tumour types. After adjustment for treatment differences, age 70 years or above and presence of two or more co-morbidities were independently associated with poorer survival, especially in patients with subcardia carcinoma (age 70 years or more: HR 1·27, 95 per cent c.i. 1·17 to 1·48; co-morbidity: HR 1·33, 1·21 to 1·62).

Conclusion
Surgical compared with non-surgical treatment of oesophagogastric cancer was associated with better survival, but postoperative mortality was increased in patients of advanced age and with greater co-morbidity.
Experimental study on synthetic and biological mesh implantation in a contaminated environment
Authors: Deerenberg E B , Mulder I M , Grotenhuis N , Ditzel M , Jeekel J , Lange J F 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundImplantation of meshes in a contaminated environment can be complicated by mesh infection and adhesion formation.MethodsThe caecal ligation and puncture model was used to induce peritonitis in 144 rats. Seven commercially available meshes were implanted intraperitoneally: six non-absorbable meshes, of which three had an absorbable coating, and one biological mesh. Mesh infection, intra-abdominal abscess formation, adhesion formation, incorporation and shrinkage were evaluated after 28 and 90 days. Histological examination with haematoxylin and eosin and picrosirius red staining was performed.ResultsNo mesh infections occurred in Sepramesh®, Omyramesh® and Strattice®. One mesh infection occurred in Parietene® and Parietene Composite®. Significantly more mesh infections were found in C-Qur® (15 of 16; P ≤ 0·006) and Dualmesh® (7 of 15; P ≤ 0·035). Sepramesh® showed a significant increase in adhesion coverage from 12·5 per cent at 28 days to 60·0 per cent at 90 days (P = 0·010). At 90 days there was no significant difference between median adhesion coverage of Parietene Composite® (35·0 per cent), Omyramesh® (42·5 per cent), Sepramesh® (60·0 per cent) and Parietene® (72·5 per cent). After 90 days the adhesion coverage of Strattice® was 5·0 per cent, and incorporation (13·4 per cent) was significantly poorer than for other non-infected meshes (P ≤ 0·009). Dualmesh® showed shrinkage of 63 per cent after 90 days.ConclusionParietene Composite® and Omyramesh® performed well in a contaminated environment. Strattice® had little adhesion formation and no mesh infection, but poor incorporation. Some synthetic meshes can be as resistant to infection as biological meshes.
Structure‐Based Mutational Study of an Archaeal DNA Ligase towards Improvement of Ligation Activity
Authors: Tanabe Maiko , Ishino Sonoko , Yohda Masafumi , Morikawa Kosuke , Ishino Yoshizumi , Nishida Hirokazu 
Published: November 2012

AbstractDNA ligases catalyze the joining of strand breaks in duplex DNA. The DNA ligase of Pyrococcus furiosus (PfuLig), which architecturally resembles the human DNA ligase I (hLigI), comprises an N‐terminal DNA‐binding domain, a middle adenylylation domain, and a C‐terminal oligonucleotide‐binding (OB)‐fold domain. Here we addressed the C‐terminal helix in the OB‐fold domain of PfuLig by mutational analysis. The crystal structure of PfuLig revealed that this helix stabilizes a closed conformation of the enzyme by forming several ionic interactions with the adenylylation domain. The C‐terminal helix is oriented differently in hLigI when DNA is bound; this suggested that disruption of its interaction with the adenylylation domain might facilitate the binding of DNA substrates. We indeed identified one of its residues, Asp540, as being critical for ligation efficiency. The D540R mutation improved the overall ligation activity relative to the wild‐type enzyme, and at lower temperatures; this is relevant to applications such as ligation amplification reactions. Physical and biochemical analyses indicated that the improved ligation activity of the D540R variant arises from effects on the ligase adenylylation step and on substrate DNA binding in particular.
Monometallic Carbonyl‐Derived CeO2‐Supported Rh and Co Bicomponent Catalysts for CO‐Free, High‐Yield H2 Generation from Low‐Temperature Ethanol Steam Reforming
Authors: Huang Lin , Choong Catherine , Chen Luwei , Wang Zhan , Zhong Ziyi , Campos‐Cuerva Carlos , Lin Jianyi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCeO2‐supported Rh and Co bicomponent catalysts derived from monometallic carbonyls and prepared from metal nitrates for low‐temperature ethanol steam reforming (ESR) have been studied by catalytic testing using a multi‐channel reactor, temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), H2 chemisorption, transmission electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (TEM‐EDX), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and IR spectroscopy. Reaction product analysis shows that low‐temperature ESR proceeds mainly through 1) adsorbed oxametallacycle decarbonylation (OD) and acetaldehyde steam reforming (ASR) on Rh/CeO2, 2) ethanol dehydrogenation to acetaldehyde, ASR, and water–gas shift (WGS) on Co/CeO2, and 3) OD, ASR, and WGS on (Rh+Co)/CeO2. The addition of Co to Rh/CeO2 results in decreased catalytic selectivity towards CO and CH4. The carbonyl‐derived (Rh+Co)/CeO2 displays marked advantage over the nitrate‐prepared catalyst, leading to CO‐free H2 generation with H2 yields as high as 4.3 mol mol−1 at temperatures as low as 300 °C. Combined studies by TPR, XPS, H2 chemisorption, and TEM‐EDX suggest significant interaction between the Rh and Co atoms in carbonyl‐derived (Rh+Co)/CeO2, in contrast to nitrate‐prepared catalysts, which is assumed to promote efficient WGS during the ESR process. Catalyst deactivation, possibly as a result of catalyst sintering, metal oxidation, and coke deposition during ESR, is discussed in terms of TPR, XPS, TGA, TEM, and PXRD. A WGS‐ESR bilayered catalyst system of Rh/CeO2‐(Rh+Co)/CeO2 is successfully applied to the CO‐free and high‐yield production of H2 from low‐temperature ESR.
Preparation of Bifunctional Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles by Orthogonal Click Reactions and Their Application in Cooperative Catalysis
Authors: Dickschat Arne T. , Behrends Frederik , Bühner Martin , Ren Jinjun , Weiß Mark , Eckert Hellmut , Studer Armido 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe synthesis of bifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticles is described. Two chemically orthogonal functionalities are incorporated into mesoporous silica by co‐condensation of tetraethoxysilane with two orthogonally functionalized triethoxyalkylsilanes. Post‐functionalization is achieved by orthogonal surface chemistry. A thiol–ene reaction, Cu‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar alkyne/azide cycloaddition, and a radical nitroxide exchange reaction are used as orthogonal processes to install two functionalities at the surface that differ in reactivity. Preparation of mesoporous silica nanoparticles bearing acidic and basic sites by this approach is discussed. Particles are analyzed by solid state NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, infrared‐spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. As a first application, these particles are successfully used as cooperative catalysts in the Henry reaction.
p‐tert‐Butylcalix[8]arene: An Extremely Versatile Platform for Cluster Formation
Authors: Taylor Stephanie M. , Sanz Sergio , McIntosh Ruaraidh D. , Beavers Christine M. , Teat Simon J. , Brechin Euan K. , Dalgarno Scott J. 
Published: November 2012

Abstractp‐tert‐Butylcalix[4]arene is a bowl‐shaped molecule capable of forming a range of polynuclear metal clusters under different experimental conditions. p‐tert‐Butylcalix[8]arene (TBC[8]) is a significantly more flexible analogue that has previously been shown to form mono‐ and binuclear lanthanide (Ln) metal complexes. The latter (cluster) motif is commonly observed and involves the calixarene adopting a near double‐cone conformation, features of which suggested that it may be exploited as a type of assembly node in the formation of larger polynuclear lanthanide clusters. Variation in the experimental conditions employed for this system provides access to Ln1, Ln2, Ln4, Ln5, Ln6, Ln7 and Ln8 complexes, with all polymetallic clusters containing the common binuclear lanthanide fragment. Closer inspection of the structures of the polymetallic clusters reveals that all but one (Ln8) are in fact based on metal octahedra or the building blocks of octahedra, with the identity and size of the final product dependent upon the basicity of the solution and the deprotonation level of the TBC[8] ligand. This demonstrates both the versatility of the ligand towards incorporation of additional metal centres, and the associated implications for tailoring the magnetic properties of the resulting assemblies in which lanthanide centres may be interchanged.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 3,4‐Dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones as Sodium Iodide Symporter Inhibitors
Authors: Lacotte Pierre , Puente Celine , Ambroise Yves 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is responsible for the accumulation of iodide in the thyroid gland. This transport process is involved in numerous thyroid dysfunctions and is the basis for human contamination in the case of exposure to radioactive iodine species. 4‐Aryl‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones were recently discovered by high‐throughput screening as the first NIS inhibitors. Described herein are the synthesis and evaluation of 115 derivatives with structural modifications at five key positions on the pyrimidone core. This study provides extensive structure–activity relationships for this new class of inhibitors that will serve as a basis for further development of compounds with in vivo efficacy and adequate pharmacokinetic properties. In addition, the SAR investigation provided a more potent compound, which exhibits an IC50 value of 3.2 nM in a rat thyroid cell line (FRTL5).
Impact of oncology‐related direct‐to‐consumer advertising
Authors: Abel Gregory A. , Chen Kun , Taback Nathan , Hassett Michael J. , Schrag Deborah , Weeks Jane C. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Little is known about the impact of direct‐to‐consumer advertising (DTCA) on appropriate versus inappropriate prescribing. Aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy for breast cancer provides an ideal paradigm for studying this issue, because AIs have been the focus of substantial DTCA, and because they should only be used in postmenopausal women, age can serve as a simple surrogate marker of appropriateness.METHODS:Data regarding national DTCA spending for the AIs were obtained from TNS Multimedia; hormonal therapy prescription data were obtained from IMS Health. Time series analyses were performed to characterize the association between monthly changes in DTCA spending for the AIs and monthly changes in the proportion of all new hormonal therapy prescriptions represented by the AIs from October 2005 to September 2007. Analyses were stratified by age, considering prescriptions for women ≤ 40 (likely premenopausal) to be inappropriate and those for women > 60 (likely postmenopausal) to be appropriate.RESULTS:Monthly dollars spent on AI‐associated DTCA varied considerably ($118,600 to $22,019,660). Time series analysis revealed that for every million dollars spent on DTCA for the AIs, there was an associated increase 3 months later in the new AI prescription proportion of 0.15% for all ages (P < .0001) and 0.18% for those > 60 years (P < .0001), but no significant change for those ≤ 40 at any time from 0 to 6 months.CONCLUSIONS:DTCA for the AIs was associated with increases in appropriate prescriptions with no significant effect on inappropriate prescriptions, suggesting that DTCA may not foster inappropriate medication use for certain drug classes. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Classic lobular carcinoma in situ and atypical lobular hyperplasia at percutaneous breast core biopsy
Authors: Murray Melissa P. , Luedtke Chad , Liberman Laura , Nehhozina Tatjana , Akram Muzaffar , Brogi Edi 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:No consensus exists on the need to excise breast lesions that yield classic lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) or atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) (known together as classic lobular neoplasia [LN]) as the highest risk lesion at percutaneous core‐needle biopsy (CNB). Here, the authors report findings from 72 consecutive lesions with LN at CNB and prospective surgical excision (EXB).METHODS:Lesions that yielded LN at CNB at the authors' center have been referred for EXB since June 2004, regardless of imaging‐histologic concordance. A lesion was “concordant” if histologic findings provided sufficient explanation for imaging. An upgrade consisted of ductal carcinoma in situ and/or invasive carcinoma at EXB. Statistical analysis, including 95% confidence intervals (CIs), was performed.RESULTS:Between June 2004 and May 2009, CNB of 85 consecutive lesions yielded LN without other high‐risk histologies. Eighty of 85 lesions (94%) underwent prospective EXB. Seventy‐two of 85 lesions (90%; 42 LCIS, 30 ALH) had concordant imaging‐histologic findings. EXB yielded low‐grade carcinoma in 2 of 72 cases (3%; 95% CI, 0%‐9%). In both patients, stereotactic, 11‐gauge, vacuum‐assisted biopsy of calcifications yielded calcifications in benign parenchyma and ALH. CNB results were discordant in 8 of 80 lesions (10%; 4 LCIS, 4 ALH), and EXB yielded cancer in 3 of those 8 lesions (38%; 95% CI, 9%‐76%). The upgrade rate was significantly higher for discordant lesions versus concordant lesions (38% vs 3%; P < .01).CONCLUSIONS:Prospective excision of LN identified carcinoma in 3% (95% CI, 0%‐9%) of concordant cases versus 38% (95% CI, 9%‐76%) of discordant cases. The current data provide an unbiased assessment of the upgrade rate of LN diagnosed at CNB. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
ABVD alone and a PET scan complete remission negates the need for radiologic surveillance in early‐stage, nonbulky Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Hartridge‐Lambert Sidonie K. , Schöder Heiko , Lim Remy C. , Maragulia Jocelyn C. , Portlock Carol S. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patients with early‐stage, nonbulky classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) undergo intensive posttreatment radiologic surveillance despite having a low risk of disease recurrence. The current study attempted to evaluate the risk of disease recurrence and the value of radiologic surveillance in patients treated with the combination of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) alone who achieved a complete remission (CR) as noted on posttreatment positron emission tomography (PET).METHODS:Forty‐seven patients who underwent therapy with interim and/or posttreatment PET scans were evaluated for disease recurrence during ≥ 24 months of follow‐up. Their presenting characteristics and imaging results were assessed and interpreted in relation to clinical outcome.RESULTS:All 47 patients were eligible for analysis. The majority of patients were female (35 patients) with a median age of 28 years (range, 17 years‐65 years.). The nodular sclerosing subtype was the predominant histology (41 patients). A total of 34 patients were staged with IIA disease, 6 with IA disease, 6 with IIB disease, and 1 with IIEA disease (lung) (according to Cotswolds modification of the Ann Arbor staging system). All patients completed 6 cycles of planned ABVD therapy and achieved a CR. Two had a positive PET scan (1 interim scan and 1 posttreatment scan); both were biopsy‐proven sarcoidosis. Two patients developed disease recurrence at 7 months and 24 months, respectively, after negative interim and posttreatment imaging. One case of recurrence was identified through surveillance imaging and the other was identified simultaneously by the patient and surveillance scan. A total of 45 patients experienced a durable CR; 21 had additional unscheduled imaging/workup during surveillance to investigate symptoms or imaging signs of concern.CONCLUSIONS:Because of a low risk of disease recurrence, posttreatment radiologic surveillance appears to be unnecessary in patients with early‐stage, nonbulky (CD20 negative) cHL who achieve a PET‐detected CR with the ABVD combination alone. This will reduce cumulative radiation exposure and health care costs in a predominantly young patient population. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society.
Towards a Taxonomy of Common Factors in Psychotherapy—Results of an Expert Survey
Authors: Tschacher Wolfgang , Junghan Ulrich Martin , Pfammatter Mario 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundHow change comes about is hotly debated in psychotherapy research. One camp considers 'non‐specific' or 'common factors', shared by different therapy approaches, as essential, whereas researchers of the other camp consider specific techniques as the essential ingredients of change. This controversy, however, suffers from unclear terminology and logical inconsistencies. The Taxonomy Project therefore aims at contributing to the definition and conceptualization of common factors of psychotherapy by analyzing their differential associations to standard techniques.MethodsA review identified 22 common factors discussed in psychotherapy research literature. We conducted a survey, in which 68 psychotherapy experts assessed how common factors are implemented by specific techniques. Using hierarchical linear models, we predicted each common factor by techniques and by experts' age, gender and allegiance to a therapy orientation.ResultsCommon factors differed largely in their relevance for technique implementation. Patient engagement, Affective experiencing and Therapeutic alliance were judged most relevant. Common factors also differed with respect to how well they could be explained by the set of techniques. We present detailed profiles of all common factors by the (positively or negatively) associated techniques. There were indications of a biased taxonomy not covering the embodiment of psychotherapy (expressed by body‐centred techniques such as progressive muscle relaxation, biofeedback training and hypnosis). Likewise, common factors did not adequately represent effective psychodynamic and systemic techniques.ConclusionThis taxonomic endeavour is a step towards a clarification of important core constructs of psychotherapy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

This article relates standard techniques of psychotherapy (well known to practising therapists) to the change factors/change mechanisms discussed in psychotherapy theory.
It gives a short review of the current debate on the mechanisms by which psychotherapy works.
We provide detailed profiles of change mechanisms and how they may be generated by practice techniques.
Bifunctionalized Hollow Nanospheres for the One‐Pot Synthesis of Methyl Isobutyl Ketone from Acetone
Authors: Wang Peng , Bai Shiyang , Zhao Jiao , Su Panpan , Yang Qihua , Li Can 
Published: November 2012

AbstractPd‐doped propyl sulfonic acid‐functionalized hollow nanospheres proved to be efficient bifunctionalized catalysts for the one‐pot synthesis of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) from acetone and hydrogen in liquid phase. These hollow nanospheres exhibited a higher activity than their bulk mesoporous counterparts (SBA‐15 or FDU‐12), mainly due to the short diffusion resistance of hollow nanospheres. Hollow nanospheres with silica frameworks showed higher activity and selectivity for MIBK than those with ethane‐bridged frameworks, suggesting that hollow nanospheres with hydrophilic surface properties favor the formation of MIBK. This is probably due to the increased affinity of the hydrophilic surface towards acetone and its decreased affinity towards MIBK, which precludes deep condensation of MIBK with acetone. Under optimal conditions, up to 90 % selectivity for MIBK can be obtained with conversions of acetone as high as 43 %. This result is among the best reported so far for mesoporous silica‐based catalysts. The control/fine‐tuning of morphology and surface properties provides an efficient strategy for improving the catalytic performance of solid catalysts.