bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management and outcomes of coronary artery perforations during percutaneous treatment of acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Aykan AÇ , Güler A , Gül I , Karabay CY , Alizade E , Gökdeniz T , Kalaycıoğlu E , Çetin M , Yıldız M 
Published: April 2014

Background: Coronary artery perforation (CAP) is an infrequent and life-threatening complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), requiring prompt intervention. There is insufficient data about the prognosis and management of CAP in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of this study was to investigate the management of CAP in patients with ACS. Methods: The results of 25 patients with CAP were retrospectively analyzed. Results: Of the 25 patients, 14 patients (56%) had ACS. According to the Ellis classification, the grade of perforation was type-I in 8 (32%) patients, type-II in 6 (24%) patients and type-III in 11 (44%) patients. Prolonged balloon inflation was performed to 20 (80%) cases of CAP. It successfully sealed the perforation in three cases of type-I, five cases of type-II CAP and in seven cases of type-III CAP. Seven patients underwent covered stent implantation. Emergent CABG was required in two patients with type-III CAP. In-hospital mortality was not observed in the patients. Conclusion: The outcomes of CAP in patients with ACS were similar to patients with stable coronary disease. The continuation of anti-platelet agents after the successful management of CAP may be encouraged in these patients.
Lower limb ischaemia and reperfusion injury in healthy volunteers measured by oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers
Authors: Halladin NL , Ekeløf S , Alamili M , Bendtzen K , Lykkesfeldt J , Rosenberg J , Gögenur I 
Published: April 2014

Objective: Ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is partly caused by the release of reactive oxygen species and cytokines and may result in remote organ injury. Surgical patients are exposed to surgical stress and anaesthesia, both of which can influence the IR response. An IR model without these interfering factors of surgery is, therefore, useful to test the potential of antioxidant and cytokine-modulatory treatments. The aim of this study was to characterize a human ischaemia-reperfusion model with respect to oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers. Materials and methods: Ten male volunteers were exposed to 20 minutes of lower limb ischaemia. Muscle biopsies and blood samples were taken at baseline and 5, 15, 30, 60 and 90 minutes after tourniquet release and analysed for malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), IL-6, IL-10, TNF-receptor (TNF-R)I, TNF-RII and YKL-40. Results: We found no significant increase in MDA in the muscle biopsies after reperfusion. Plasma levels of oxidative and pro- and anti-inflammatory parameters showed no significant differences between baseline and after reperfusion at any sampling time. Conclusion: Twenty minutes of lower limb ischaemia does not result in an ischaemia-reperfusion injury in healthy volunteers, measurable by oxidative and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in muscle biopsies and in the systemic circulation.
Morphometric evaluation of subaxial cervical spine using multi-detector computerized tomography (MD-CT) scan: the consideration for cervical pedicle screws fixation
Authors: Chanplakorn Pongsthorn , Kraiwattanapong Chaiwat , Aroonjarattham Kitti , Leelapattana Pittavat , Keorochana Gun , Jaovisidha Suphaneewan , Wajanavisit Wiwat 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Cervical pedicle screw (CPS) insertion is a technically demanding procedure. The quantitative understanding of cervical pedicle morphology, especially the narrowest part of cervical pedicle or isthmus, would minimize the risk of catastrophic damage to surrounding neurovascular structures and improve surgical outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate morphology and quantify cortical thickness of the cervical isthmus by using Multi-detector Computerized Tomography (MD-CT) scan.

Methods
The cervical CT scans were performed in 74 patients (37 males and 37 females) with 1-mm slice thickness and then retro-reconstructed into sagittal and coronal planes to measure various cervical parameters as follows: outer pedicle width (OPW), inner pedicle width (IPW), outer pedicle height (OPH), inner pedicle height (IPH), pedicle cortical thickness, pedicle sagittal angle (PSA), and pedicle transverse angle (PTA).

Results
Total numbers of 740 pedicles were measured in this present study. The mean OPW and IPW significantly increased from C3 to C7 while the mean OPH and IPH of those showed non-significant difference between any measured levels. The medial-lateral cortical thickness was significantly smaller than the superior-inferior one. PTA in the upper cervical spine was significantly wider than the lower ones. The PSA changed from upward inclination at upper cervical spine to the downward inclination at lower cervical spine.

Conclusions
This study has demonstrated that cervical vertebra has relatively small and narrow inner pedicle canal with thick outer pedicle cortex and also shows a variable in pedicle width and inconsistent transverse angle. To enhance the safety of CPS insertion, the entry point and trajectories should be determined individually by using preoperative MD-CT scan and the inner pedicle width should be a key parameter to determine the screw dimensions.
Endoscopic versus microscopic transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery: a meta-analysis
Authors: Gao Yang , Zhong Chunlong , Wang Yu , Xu Siyi , Guo Yang , Dai Chenyang , Zheng Yan , Wang Yong , Luo Qizhong , Jiang Jiyao 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
Endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery has gradually come to be regarded as a preferred option in the treatment of pituitary adenomas because of its advantages of improved visualization and its minimal invasiveness. The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the outcomes and complications of endoscopic and microscopic transsphenoidal surgery in the treatment of pituitary adenomas.

Methods
We performed a systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and the Web of Science between January 1992 and May 2013. Studies with consecutive patients that explicitly and fully compared endoscopic and microscopic approaches in the treatment of pituitary adenomas were included.

Results
A total of 15 studies (n = 1,014 patients) met the inclusion criteria among 487 studies that involved endoscopic surgery and 527 studies that dealt with microscopic surgery. The rate of gross tumor removal was higher in the endoscopic group than in the microscopic group. The post-operative rates of septal perforation were less frequent in patients who underwent endoscopic surgery. There was no significant difference between the two techniques in the incidence rates of meningitis, diabetes insipidus, cerebrospinal fluid leak, epistaxis or hypopituitarism. The post-operative hospital stay was significantly shorter for the endoscopic surgery group compared with the microscopic surgery group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the length of the operation (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
The present study indicates that the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach is safer and more effective than microscopic surgery in the treatment of pituitary adenomas.
A quantitative analysis of gait patterns in vestibular neuritis patients using gyroscope sensor and a continuous walking protocol
Authors: Kim Soo Chan , Kim Joo Yeon , Lee Hwan Nyeong , Lee Hwan Ho , Kwon Jae Hwan , Kim Nam beom , Kim Mi Joo , Hwang Jong Hyun , Han Gyu Cheol 
Published: April 2014

AbstractBackgroundLocomotion involves an integration of vision, proprioception, and vestibular information. The parieto-insular vestibular cortex is known to affect the supra-spinal rhythm generators, and the vestibular system regulatesanti-gravity muscle tone of the lower leg in the same side to maintain an upright posture through the extra-pyramidal track. To demonstrate the relationship between locomotion and vestibular function, we evaluated the differences in gait patterns between vestibular neuritis (VN) patients and normal subjects using a gyroscope sensor and long-way walking protocol.MethodsGyroscope sensors were attached to both shanks of healthy controls (n=10) and age-matched VN patients (n= 10). We then asked the participants to walk 88.8 m along a corridor. Through the summation of gait cycle data, we measured gait frequency (Hz), normalized angular velocity (NAV) of each axis for legs, maximum and minimum NAV, up-slope and down-slope of NAV in swing phase, stride-swing-stance time (s), and stance to stride ratio (%).ResultsThe most dominant walking frequency in the VN group was not different compared to normal control. The NAVs ofz-axis (pitch motion) were significantly larger than the others (x-,y-axis) and the values in VN patients tended to decrease in both legs and the difference of NAV between both group was significant in theipsi-lesion side in the VN group only (p=0.03). Additionally, the gait velocity of these individuals was decreased relatively to controls (1.11 ± 0.120 and 0.84 ± 0.061 m/s in control and VN group respectively,p<0.01), which seems to be related to the significantly increased stance and stride time of theipsi-lesion side. Moreover, in the VN group, the maximum NAV of the lesion side was less, and the minimum one was higher than control group. Furthermore, the down-slope and up-slope of NAV decreased on the impaired side.ConclusionThe walking pattern of VN patients was highly phase-dependent, and NAV of pitch motion was significantly decreased in theipsi-lesion side. The change of gait rhythm, stance and stride time, and maximum/minimum NAV of theipsi-lesion side were characteristics of individuals with VN.
Reduced hatchability of Anopheles gambiae s.s eggs in presence of third instar larvae
Authors: Gotifrid Gilbert M , Urasa Felister M , Katunzi Gerald , Yarro Jacob G , Munga Stephen , Kweka Eliningaya J 
Published: April 2014

Abstract

Background
We investigated the hatchability rates of freshly laid Anopheles gambiae s.s. eggs in presence of third instars larvae. These experiments were conducted using 30 eggs in larval densities of 20, 60 and 100 larvae in microcosms. These experiments were designed to evaluate the eggs hatchability in habitats with late larvae instars of the same species (experimental) or no larvae at all (control). Freshly laid eggs of An.gambiae s.s. were washed in microcosms containing larvae of third instars in different three densities (20, 60 and 100) and likewise in control microcosms (without larvae). Eggs hatchability was monitored twice daily until no more first instar larvae emerged. The numbers of first instars larvae were recorded daily and lost eggs were considered preyed upon by third instars.

Findings
The findings of this study showed that egg hatchability was significantly influenced by larval density.

Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that presence of larvae in habitats may significantly reduce hatchability of eggs.
Articular cartilage chondrocytes express aromatase and use enzymes involved in estrogen metabolism
Authors: Schicht Martin , Ernst Jana , Nielitz Andrea , Fester Lars , Tsokos Michael , Guddat Saskia S , Bräuer Lars , Bechmann Judith , Delank Karl-Stefan , Wohlrab David , Paulsen Friedrich , Claassen Horst 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Introduction
Sex hormones, especially estrogens, have been implicated in articular cartilage metabolism and the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoarthritis. The conversion by aromatase (CYP19A1) of androstenedione into estrone (E1) and of testosterone into 17β-estradiol (E2) plays a key role in the endogenous synthesis of estrogens in tissue.

Methods
We analyzed the expression of aromatase (CYP19A1) in immortalized C-28/I2 and T/C-28a2 chondrocytes, as well as in cultured primary human articular chondrocytes and human articular cartilage tissue, by means of RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. By means of quantitative RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we also determined whether the aromatase inhibitor letrozole influences estrogen metabolism of cultured chondrocytes in immortalized C-28/I2 chondrocytes.

Results
Aromatase mRNA was detected in both immortalized chondrocyte cell lines, in cultured primary human chondrocytes, and in human articular cartilage tissue. By means of Western blot analysis, aromatase was detected at the protein level in articular cartilage taken from various patients of both sexes and different ages. Cultured primary human articular chondrocytes, C-28/I2 and T/C-28a2, and human articular cartilage tissue reacted with antibodies for aromatase. Incubation of C-28/I2 chondrocytes with 10−11 M to 10−7 M letrozole as an aromatase inhibitor revealed significantly increased amounts of the mRNAs of the enzyme cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1), which is involved in the catagen estrogen metabolism, and of the estrogen receptors ER-α and ER-β. Concomitantly, synthesis of estrone (E1) was significantly downregulated after incubation with letrozole.

Conclusions
We demonstrate that human articular cartilage expresses aromatase at the mRNA and protein levels. Blocking of estrone synthesis by the aromatase inhibitor letrozole is counteracted by an increase in ER-α and ER-β. In addition, CYP1A1, an enzyme involved in catabolic estrogen metabolism, is upregulated. This suggests that articular chondrocytes use ERs functionally. The role of endogenous synthesized estrogens in articular cartilage health remains to be elucidated.
Insight, duration of untreated psychosis and attachment in first-episode psychosis: prospective study of psychiatric recovery over 12-month follow-up
Authors: Gumley A. I. , Schwannauer M. , Macbeth A. , Fisher R. , Clark S. , Rattrie L. , Fraser G. , McCabe R. , Blair A. , Davidson K. , Birchwood M. 
Published: April 2014

BackgroundIncreasing evidence shows attachment security influences symptom expression and adaptation in people diagnosed with schizophrenia and other psychoses.AimsTo describe the distribution of secure and insecure attachment in a cohort of individuals with first-episode psychosis, and to explore the relationship between attachment security and recovery from positive and negative symptoms in the first 12 months.MethodThe study was a prospective 12-month cohort study. The role of attachment, duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), baseline symptoms and insight in predicting and mediating recovery from symptoms was investigated using multiple regression analysis and path analysis.ResultsOf the 79 participants, 54 completed the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI): 37 (68.5%) were classified as insecure, of which 26 (48.1%) were insecure/dismissing and 11 (20.4%) insecure preoccupied. Both DUP and insight predicted recovery from positive symptoms at 12 months. Attachment security, DUP and insight predicted recovery from negative symptoms at 12 months.ConclusionsAttachment is an important construct contributing to understanding and development of interventions promoting recovery following first-episode psychosis.
First-contact incidence of psychosis in north-eastern Italy: influence of age, gender, immigration and socioeconomic deprivation
Authors: Lasalvia Antonio , Bonetto Chiara , Tosato Sarah , Zanatta Gioia , Cristofalo Doriana , Salazzari Damiano , Lazzarotto Lorenza , Bertani Mariaelena , Bissoli Sarah , De Santi Katia , Cremonese Carla , De Rossi Moreno , Gardellin Francesco , Ramon Luana , Zucchetto Maria , Amaddeo Francesco , Tansella Michele , Ruggeri Mirella ,   the PICOS-Veneto Group
Published: April 2014

BackgroundConsiderable variations in the incidence of psychosis have been observed across countries, in terms of age, gender, immigration status, urbanicity and socioeconomic deprivation.AimsTo evaluate the incidence rate of first-episode psychosis in a large area of north-eastern Italy and the distribution of the above-mentioned risk factors in individuals with psychoses.MethodEpidemiologically based survey. Over a 3-year period individuals with psychosis on first contact with services were identified and diagnosed according to ICD-10 criteria.ResultsIn total, 558 individuals with first-episode psychosis were identified during 3 077 555 person-years at risk. The annual incidence rate per 100 000 was 18.1 for all psychoses, 14.3 for non-affective psychoses and 3.8 for affective psychoses. The rate for all psychoses was higher in young people aged 20–29 (incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 4.18, 95% CI 2.77–6.30), immigrants (IRR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.85–2.75) and those living in the most deprived areas (IRR = 2.09, 95% CI 1.54–2.85).ConclusionsThe incidence rate in our study area was lower than that found in other European and North American studies and provides new insights into the factors that may increase and/or decrease risk for developing psychosis.
Differential Regulation Of Steroidogenic Enzyme Genes by TRα Signaling in Testicular Leydig Cells
Authors: Park Eunsook , Kim Yeawon , Lee Hyun Joo , Lee Keesook 
Published: April 2014

AbstractThyroid hormone signaling has long been implicated in mammalian testicular function, affecting steroidogenesis in testicular Leydig cells. However, its molecular mechanism is not well understood. Here, we investigated the molecular action of thyroid hormone receptor-α (TRα) on mouse testicular steroidogenesis. TRα/thyroid hormone (T3) signaling differentially affected the expression of steroidogenic enzyme genes, mainly regulating their promoter activity. TRα directly regulated the promoter activity of the cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase/C17–20 lyase gene, elevating its expression in the presence of T3. TRα also indirectly regulated the expression of steroidogenic enzyme genes, such as steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, by modulating the transactivation of Nur77 on steroidogenic enzyme gene promoters through protein-protein interaction. TRα enhanced Nur77 transactivation by excluding histone deacetylases from Nur77 in the absence of T3, whereas liganded TRα inhibited Nur77 transactivation, likely due to interfering with the recruitment of coactivator such as the steroid receptor coactivator-1 to Nur77. Together, these findings suggest a role of TRα/T3 in testicular steroidogenesis and may provide molecular mechanisms for the differential regulation of steroidogenic enzyme genes by thyroid hormone.
In Situ Synthesis of Poly(copper phthalocyanine) Nanostructures for Organic Nanodevices
Authors: Wang Fei , Wang Jining , Chen Zhijian , Liu Xiaopeng , Xiao Lixin , Jiang Lijun , Qu Bo , Wang Shumao , Gong Qihuang 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The challenge for well-organized organic nanostructures is that the materials are usually flexible and amorphous, and the synthesis methods tend to be template method, etc. Here, we will give a much different way to synthesize nanostructured poly(CuPc). Poly(CuPc) was synthesized with special sealed CVD method. By controlling the growth conditions, perpendicular nanowires and evenly distributed nanowebs were prepared. Poly(CuPc) shows strong absorption property in the visible-light region, which will make it potentially useful in OPVs, photocatalytic devices, and other photoelectric devices.
Characterization of curcumin-nicotine interaction in cetyltrimethyammonium bromide micelle
Authors: Iwunze Maurice O. 
Published: April 2014

A combination of fluorescence and UV-Vis spectrophotometric techniques were used to characterize theÂ interaction of curcumin and nicotine in a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micellar system. It is observedÂ that in this medium curcumin and nicotine interact in a 1:1 ratio using the UV-Visible molar ration method. TheÂ fluorescence spectrophotometric technique, using the Benesi-Hildebrand equation was used to determine theÂ association constant, Ka. The value thus obtained is 1.26 Â± 0.02 x 105 M-1 and the molar absorptivity, Îµ, of 2.3 Â±0.06Â x 104/M-cm. The free energy of association, â–³Ga, was subsequently calculated as -29.1 kJ/mol. This vale togetherÂ with the value obtained for Ka implies that the complex formed by curcumin and nicotine in this medium is not onlyÂ spontaneous but it also very stable.
Family Experience in a Regional Participant Contact Registry for Research on Intellectual Disability
Authors: Conners Frances A. , Phillips B. Allyson , Rhodes Jennifer D. , Hamilton James C. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Participant recruitment is one of the most significant challenges in research on intellectual disability (ID). One potential solution is to develop a participant contact registry, which allows the researcher to contact participants directly rather than recruiting through multiple schools or service agencies. The authors describe the development of one such registry and results of a survey of registry families. Results suggest that families joined the registry to help others, they hope research in the ID field improves the daily lives of individuals with ID and their families, and they find research participation to be a positive experience. However, logistic concerns can be an important barrier to their research participation, and they would like more information about the research study both before and after participating.
Family Caregivers of Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Outcomes Associated With U.S. Services and Supports
Authors: Williamson Heather J. , Perkins Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the U.S. predominantly live with their family caregivers. As care delivery and support systems vary widely globally, consideration of caregiver outcomes specifically in the U.S. context is needed. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify U.S. family caregiver outcomes and their association with existing services and supports for family caregivers of adults with IDD. Twenty-four articles were compiled using the PubMed, Web of Knowledge, PsychInfo, and CINAHL databases. Studies report economic, mental, and physical health outcomes from caregiving roles. The need for comprehensive caregiver assessment is discussed. Understanding and responding to the changing needs of family caregivers is vital to the U.S. disability service system to effectively prioritize formal resources and services.
Infrastructure as a content issue and the convergence between television and broadband Internet: Insights from the British market
Authors: Michalis Maria 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Most communication policy debates and academic research focus on either ‘in front of’ or ‘behind’ the screen developments. The article argues that this dichotomy between ‘content’ and ‘transmission’ is false and considers how developments ‘behind’ and ‘inside’ the screen influence ‘in front of’ the screen aspects and, in turn, the user experience. It examines the growing complexity of the value chain of video distribution in the Internet age, explains the often contradictory interests of participants, and refers to relevant developments in Britain. The article discusses how transmission issues shape access to content and audiences. Increasingly, responsibility for the transmission, exchange and termination of digital content traffic lies with private commercial players who favour technological solutions, market and business models that are premised on exclusion and commercial priorities, and which as a result threaten universal, equitable, easy and affordable access to content. The resulting exclusion is in contradiction to inclusive discourses regarding content. The article therefore on the one hand highlights the argument that the dichotomy between content and infrastructure is artificial and on the other it points to the societal significance of the need to consider the interdependence between transmission and content.