bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vivo Confocal Microscopic Imaging of the Cornea After Femtosecond and Excimer Laser-assisted Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Resch Miklós D. , Zemova Elena , Marsovszky László , Szentmáry Nóra , Bauer Florian , Daas Loay , Pattmöller Max , El-Husseiny Moatasem , Németh János , Nagy Zoltán Z. , Seitz Berthold 
Published: September 2015

PURPOSE:
To examine the microstructure of the cornea after excimer and femtosecond laser-assisted penetrating keratoplasty (ELAK and FLAK) in eyes with Fuchs’ dystrophy and keratoconus.

METHODS:
Fifty-seven patients were divided into four groups according to corneal disease and surgical technique: Fuchs’ dystrophy and ELAK (n = 9; mean age: 70.4 ± 10.6 years); Fuchs’ dystrophy and FLAK (n = 13; mean age: 64.3 ± 11.2 years); keratoconus and ELAK (n = 9; mean age: 47.4 ± 13.9 years); and keratoconus and FLAK (n = 9; mean age: 43.5 ± 13.8 years). The control group comprised individuals without ocular disease (n = 17; mean age: 39.9 ± 17.3 years). In vivo investigation of the corneal graft and graft–host junction zone was performed with confocal corneal microscopy.

RESULTS:

All corneal grafts were transparent and no rejection reaction could be observed during the follow-up period. Confocal microscopy revealed no difference in basal epithelial cell density compared to controls. Anterior keratocyte density was lower than in the control group (818 ± 131 cells/mm
2
) in all four treatment groups (596 ± 174, 586 ± 113, 529 ± 75, 552 ± 91 cells/mm
2
). Langerhans cells could barely be seen; there was no difference in the cutting edge configuration and wound integrity.

CONCLUSIONS:
In vivo confocal microscopy provided evidence that good alignment of graft–host junction could be created with both techniques. The excimer laser was not inferior to the femtosecond laser in performing corneal cuts. The low density of Langerhans cells revealed well-controlled cellular immunological response and sustained corneal integrity in both laser groups.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(9):620–626.]
Objective Evaluation of Planned Versus Achieved Stromal Thickness Reduction in Myopic Femtosecond Laser-assisted LASIK
Authors: Kanellopoulos Anastasios John , Georgiadou Stella , Asimellis George 
Published: September 2015

PURPOSE:
To evaluate corneal stromal thickness reduction and compare to attempted and achieved ablation depth in a consecutive case series study of myopic LASIK.

METHODS:
Stromal thickness reduction was retrospectively evaluated in 205 consecutive eyes of 205 patients undergoing myopic and myopic astigmatic LASIK. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography was performed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Epithelial thickness remodeling was also accounted for to achieve objective stromal thickness reduction. The derived maximum stromal thickness reduction was then compared to the programmed (planned) maximum ablation depth. Deviation of planned versus achieved maximum stromal thickness changes was correlated with residual refractive error.

RESULTS:

The 3-month stromal reduction was 86.01 ± 28.28
µ
m, compared to the average programmed maximum ablation depth of 88.48 ± 26.05
µ
m. The attempted versus achieved thickness outliers correlated with deviations in achieved refractive correction.

CONCLUSIONS:
Actual objective stromal thickness reduction following myopic LASIK correlates well with the attempted versus achieved refractive change.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(9):628–632.]
Refractive Outcomes, Contrast Sensitivity, HOAs, and Patient Satisfaction in Moderate Myopia: Wavefront-Optimized Versus Tissue-Saving PRK
Authors: Nassiri Nader , Sheibani Kourosh , Azimi Abbas , Khosravi Farinaz Mahmoodi , Heravian Javad , Yekta Abasali , Moghaddam Hadi Ostadi , Nassiri Saman , Yasseri Mehdi , Nassiri Nariman 
Published: September 2015

PURPOSE:
To compare refractive outcomes, contrast sensitivity, higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and patient satisfaction after photorefractive keratectomy for correction of moderate myopia with two methods: tissue saving versus wavefront optimized.

METHODS:
In this prospective, comparative study, 152 eyes (80 patients) with moderate myopia with and without astigmatism were randomly divided into two groups: the tissue-saving group (Technolas 217z Zyoptix laser; Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY) (76 eyes of 39 patients) or the wavefront-optimized group (WaveLight Allegretto Wave Eye-Q laser; Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX) (76 eyes of 41 patients). Preoperative and 3-month postoperative refractive outcomes, contrast sensitivity, HOAs, and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS:

The mean spherical equivalent was −4.50 ± 1.02 diopters. No statistically significant differences were detected between the groups in terms of uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity and spherical equivalent preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. No statistically significant differences were seen in the amount of preoperative to postoperative contrast sensitivity changes between the two groups in photopic and mesopic conditions. HOAs and Q factor increased in both groups postoperatively (
P
= .001), with the tissue-saving method causing more increases in HOAs (
P
= .007) and Q factor (
P
= .039). Patient satisfaction was comparable between both groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Both platforms were effective in correcting moderate myopia with or without astigmatism. No difference in refractive outcome, contrast sensitivity changes, and patient satisfaction between the groups was observed. Postoperatively, the tissue-saving method caused a higher increase in HOAs and Q factor compared to the wavefront-optimized method, which could be due to larger optical zone sizes in the tissue-saving group.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(10):683–688.]
A Simplified Parallel Two-Level Iterative Method for Simulation of Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations
Authors: Shang Yueqiang , Qin Jin 
Published: September 2015

AbstractBased on two-grid discretization, a simplified parallel iterative finite element method for the simulation of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is developed and analyzed. The method is based on a fixed point iteration for the equations on a coarse grid, where a Stokes problem is solved at each iteration. Then, on overlapped local fine grids, corrections are calculated in parallel by solving an Oseen problem in which the fixed convection is given by the coarse grid solution. Error bounds of the approximate solution are derived. Numerical results on examples of known analytical solutions, lid-driven cavity flow and backward-facing step flow are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.
An Unusually Giant Hematoma threatening to the Laryngeal Airway
Authors: Swain Santosh Kumar , Samal Rankanidhi , Mohanty Sidhartha 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTAn acute onset of giant laryngeal hematoma is rare and life-threatening condition. It occurs usually in patients with coagulo - pathies, often in those receiving warfarin. Various sites of bleeding have been reported in the literature, most commonly being the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract and central nervous system. A large acute onset spontaneous hematoma is rarely reported in larynx. We report a case of an unusually large hematoma compromising the glottic airway in an over warfarinised patient. We highlight the need for a thorough evaluation of upper aerodigestive tract in patients on anticoagulant therapy. Detailed airway evaluation and monitoring with flexible laryngoscopy, and timely needful intervention are essential in above type of patients for preventing life-threatening consequences.How to cite this articleSwain SK, Mohanty S, Singh N, Samal R. An Unusually Giant Hematoma threatening to the Laryngeal Airway. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2014;6(3):92-94.
Peripheral Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma of the Sino-orbital Region—A Giant Lesion: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Ashish Gaurav , Prabhu Anne Jenifer , Mani Sunithi 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTPeripheral giant cell reparative granulomas (PGCRGs) are benign tumors which spread locally and progress aggressively. The origin of the multinucleated giant cells is not established till date, and hence various theories suggesting the origin from osteoclasts based on the immunohistochemical features, or from mononuclear phagocyte system. The treatment of choice is surgical excision with adequate margins and the recurrence rates are usually below 10% as per the reported literature.1We present a 6-year-old child who presented with a rapidly progressive sino-orbital mass leading to proptosis and lateral displacement of the right globe. He underwent combined approach (open and endoscopic assisted) for complete excision of the lesion. The histopathological features were consistent with PGCRG.This case is being highlighted with the aim of developing insights about the clinical presentation and management of PGCRG.How to cite this articleJohn M, Ashish G, Prabhu AJ, Mani S, Kurien M. Peripheral Giant Cell Reparative Granuloma of the Sino-orbital Region—A Giant Lesion: A Rare Case Report. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2014;6(3):109-113.
An Unusual Foreign Body of Eight Months Duration in the Nasopharynx of a Three Years Old Child
Authors: Agrahari Alok Kumar , Roy Suddhasheel , Jain Rajiv Kumar 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTA unique case of a 5 cm long impacted broken toothbrush in nasopharynx of a 3-year-old male child is being reported. The foreign body remained impacted for a long period of 8 months. The toothbrush was visualized transnasally by endoscopy and removed per oral under general anesthesia.How to cite this articleAgrahari AK, Roy S, Jain RK. An Unusual Foreign Body of Eight Months Duration in the Nasopharynx of a Three Years Old Child. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2014;6(3): 140-141.
The Influence of pH on Localized Corrosion Behavior of X65 Carbon Steel in CO2-Saturated Brines
Authors: Pessu Frederick , Barker Richard , Neville Anne 
Published: September 2015

Pitting and localized corrosion of carbon steel is considered to be a complex process influenced by a wide range of parameters such as temperature, bulk solution pH, and chloride ion concentration. Solution pH is known to influence corrosion product characteristics and morphology in CO2- and H2S-containing corrosion systems. However, from the perspective of pitting corrosion in CO2-saturated environments, the extent to which bulk pH of solutions and the presence of corrosion products influence localized attack is still not clearly understood. This paper presents an investigation into the role of pH on the characteristics of corrosion product and pitting corrosion behavior of X65 carbon steel (UNS K03014) in CO2-saturated brine. Pitting corrosion studies were conducted over 168 h at 50°C in 3.5 wt% NaCl solutions at different bulk pH (buffered to pH values of 6.6 and 7.5 in some cases) in order to understand and correlate the role of pH on corrosion product morphology, chemistry, initiation, and propagation of pits within each distinct environment. Corrosion product composition and morphology are identified through a combination of electrochemical and surface analysis techniques, which include scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The extent of corrosion damage of the carbon steel is evaluated through the implementation of surface interferometry to study discrete pit geometry, namely the size, depth, and aspect ratio. Results indicate that the process of pit initiation and propagation of carbon steel in CO2 corrosion environment is different depending upon bulk solution pH. At low pH (pH values starting at 3.8), pitting initiates faster and propagates steadily along with significant uniform corrosion resulting from the formation of an “amorphous” form of FeCO3. At higher pH, uniform corrosion is significant, while pitting initiates with increasing protection from crystalline FeCO3. At a pH value of 7.5, pitting corrosion initiation occurs after and/or during pseudo-passivation is achieved as a result of the formation of a “protective and pseudo-passivating” FeCO3 film.
Evidence and potential clinical significance of changes in gene network interactions in ovarian cancer
Authors: Hill Christopher G. , McDonald John F. 
Published: September 2015

The molecular basis of cancer is not merely the consequence of structural and/or regulatory mutations in genes, but additionally to disruptions in networks of regulatory interactions existing among these genes and other components of the genome. Disruptions in network relationships may manifest as the loss, gain or reversal of functionally significant interactive gene relationships in cancer cells. In this study, we first employ an unsupervised (Pearson correlation) approach to quantitatively estimate the overall change in network relationships between precursor (control) ovarian surface epithelial cells and ovarian cancer epithelial cells. We find that ovarian cancer cells display a significant overall reduction in correlated gene network interactions relative to normal precursor cells reflective of an overall loss of regulatory control. We next focus on gene relationships that qualitatively change between normal and cancer samples. We find that biological processes significantly over represented among differentially expressed genes are substantially different from those associated with genes involved in qualitatively disrupted network interactions. Our findings provide novel insights into the processes underlying ovarian cancer and identify a potential new class of genes for targeted therapy.
The Endocannabinoid System: An Osteopathic Perspective
Authors: McPartland John M. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The present review provides an update on endocannabinoid basic science and clinical studies and proposes a new model to describe reciprocal interactions between somatic dysfunction and the endocannabinoid system. The endocannabinoid system consists of cannabinoid receptors, endogenous ligands, and ligand-metabolizing enzymes. The system exemplifies the osteopathic principle that the body possesses self-regulatory mechanisms that are self-healing in nature. Enhancing endocannabinoid activity has broad therapeutic potential, including the treatment of patients with somatic dysfunction, chronic pain, and neurodegenerative diseases as well as inflammatory conditions, bowel dysfunctions, and psychological disorders. Blockade of the endocannabinoid system with drugs such as rimonabant and taranabant may oppose self-healing mechanisms and elicit adverse effects. Osteopathic physicians wield several tools that can augment endocannabinoid activity, including lifestyle modifications, pharmaceutical approaches, and osteopathic manipulative treatment.
Three-Dimensional Mathematical Model for Deformation of Human Fasciae in Manual Therapy
Authors: Chaudhry Hans , Schleip Robert , Ji Zhiming , Bukiet Bruce , Maney Miriam , Findley Thomas 
Published: September 2015

Abstract

Context: Although mathematical models have been developed for the bony movement occurring during chiropractic manipulation, such models are not available for soft tissue motion.

Objective: To develop a three-dimensional mathematical model for exploring the relationship between mechanical forces and deformation of human fasciae in manual therapy using a finite deformation theory.

Methods: The predicted stresses required to produce plastic deformation were evaluated for a volunteer subject's fascia lata, plantar fascia, and superficial nasal fascia. These stresses were then compared with previous experimental findings for plastic deformation in dense connective tissues. Using the three-dimensional mathematical model, the authors determined the changing amounts of compression and shear produced in fascial tissue during 20 seconds of manual therapy.

Results: The three-dimensional model's equations revealed that very large forces, outside the normal physiologic range, are required to produce even 1% compression and 1% shear in fascia lata and plantar fascia. Such large forces are not required to produce substantial compression and shear in superficial nasal fascia, however.

Conclusion: The palpable sensations of tissue release that are often reported by osteopathic physicians and other manual therapists cannot be due to deformations produced in the firm tissues of plantar fascia and fascia lata. However, palpable tissue release could result from deformation in softer tissues, such as superficial nasal fascia.
Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome as the Underlying Cause of Intractable Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Price Stephanie L. , Fisher Cynthia , Kumar Ravinder , Hilgerson Alan 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Recently, reports have suggested that chronic cannabis abuse can result in cyclical vomiting, or cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. With the increasing prevalence of cannabis use in the United States, this syndrome may be encountered in the emergency department. The authors describe a case of a 30-year-old man who presented to the emergency department with diffuse abdominal pain, nausea, and intractable vomiting. He reported symptomatic relief with prolonged hot showers. Results of a urine drug screen were positive for cannabis, and the patient admitted to chronic cannabis use for years. Results of the drug screen, combined with the patient's symptomatic relief with hot showers, led to the diagnosis of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome. The patient was admitted to the hospital and underwent pharmaceutical treatment. However, hot showers continued to be the mainstay of the patient's symptomatic relief. Four days after presentation, the patient's symptoms resolved and he was discharged from the hospital.
Psoas Syndrome: A Frequently Missed Diagnosis
Authors: Tufo Andrea , Desai Gautam J. , Cox W. Joshua 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Psoas syndrome is an easily missed diagnosis. However, it is important to consider this condition as part of the differential diagnosis for patients presenting with low back pain—particularly for osteopathic physicians, because patients may view these practitioners as experts in musculoskeletal conditions. The authors describe the case of a 48-year-old man with a 6-month history of low back pain that had been attributed to “weak core muscles.” The diagnosis of psoas syndrome was initially overlooked in this patient. After the correct diagnosis was made, he was treated by an osteopathic physician using osteopathic manipulative treatment, in conjunction with at-home stretches between office treatments. At his 1-month follow-up appointment, he demonstrated continued improvement of symptoms and a desire for further osteopathic manipulative treatment.
The Evaluation of Post-Keynesian Economics A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Hiç Özlen 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn this article, we will make a comparative analysis of the evaluation and the developments in the Post-Keynesian Economics and then give the properties of Post-Keynesian Economics in terms of their assumptions and methodology, and their macroeconomic models; later on we will discuss the current state of Post-Keynesian Economics, again based on a comparative analysis.Post-Keynesian Economics was developed in the mid ‘80s as a reaction not only against New Classical School but also against New Keynesian economists because the assumptions and hence the conclusions of the latter were not deemed Keynesian enough.Keynesian Economics was mainstream both in the USA and Europe, both in academic circles and in the field of implementation by governments and Central Banks from 1936 and WW II up to the ‘70s. The debate that took place during this period between Neo-Keynesian economists in the USA and Neo-Classical economists that led to the Neo-Classical Synthesis and the reaction of Orthodox Keynesian Economists in the UK to Neo-Classical Synthesis will be referred to later. Keynesian economics here embraces both Neo-Keynesian economists and Orthodox Keynesian economists as mainstream against the Traditional Classical and the Neo-Classical System.Today, we witness that at present New Keynesian School is more widespread and influential compared to Post-Keynesian. One possible reason is that the former school sprang up in the USA while the latter basically in the UK; and USA today is much more influential worldwide compared say to the times when Keynes lived. But this should not be the sole or even the major reason why Post-Keynesianism is less popular. The reason which would likely explain the difference in popularity is that in their normative value judgments Post-Keynesian economists assign a heavy weight to improving income distribution while New Keynesian economists, on the whole, are less concerned with this goal.
The Heterogeneity of the Eurozone Populations in Deposits’ Possession and Its Implications for Credit Institutions’ Funding Stability
Authors: Kochaniak Katarzyna Kinga 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe European Union single liquidity standards - Liquidity Coverage Ratio and Net Stable Funding Ratio – point out household deposits as preferred, stable funding for credit institutions, under normal and stress conditions. The introduction of standards affects not only funding stability of entities, but also their future development opportunities. In countries with populations of low propensity to hold deposits this impact is expected to be negative.The implementation of common standards in a group of diverse countries of the Eurozone seems to be a task of compromised effectiveness. During the last financial and economic crises individual populations were unequally capable to place deposits with credit institutions, leading to significant differences in their average levels per capita in the member states.The aim of this paper is to identify the determinants of the Eurozone’s geographic disparities in the populations’ ability to provide deposits to domestic credit institutions, in selected years: 2006, 2008 and 2012. The indicated periods refer to significantly different macroeconomic background.The results of empirical analysis demonstrate the priority impact of precise variables, referred to the financial market and national economies on the formation of the levels of household deposits per capita in the Euro area. The variables representing household features appear as less important for the considered problem.
First MESSENGER orbital observations of Mercury's librations
Authors: Stark Alexander , Oberst Jürgen , Preusker Frank , Peale Stanton J. , Margot Jean‐Luc , Phillips Roger J. , Neumann Gregory A. , Smith David E. , Zuber Maria T. , Solomon Sean C. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractWe have coregistered laser altimeter profiles from 3 years of MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) orbital observations with stereo digital terrain models to infer the rotation parameters for the planet Mercury. In particular, we provide the first observations of Mercury's librations from orbit. We have also confirmed available estimates for the orientation of the spin axis and the mean rotation rate of the planet. We find a large libration amplitude of 38.9 ± 1.3 arc sec and an obliquity of the spin axis of 2.029 ± 0.085 arc min, results confirming that Mercury possesses a liquid outer core. The mean rotation rate is observed to be (6.13851804 ± 9.4 × 10−7)°/d (a spin period of 58.6460768 days ± 0.78 s), significantly higher than the expected resonant rotation rate. As a possible explanation we suggest that Mercury is undergoing long‐period librational motion, related to planetary perturbations of its orbit.