bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Topology and Tissue Mechanics in Remora Attachment
Authors: Culler Michael , Ledford Keri A. , Nadler Jason H. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTRemora fish are capable of fast, reversible and reliable adhesion to a wide variety of both natural and artificial marine hosts through a uniquely evolved dorsal pad. This adhesion is partially attributed to suction, which requires a robust seal between the pad interior and the ambient environment. Understanding the behavior of remora adhesion based on measurable surface parameters and material properties is a critical step when creating artificial, bio-inspired devices. In this work, structural and fluid finite element models (FEM) based on a simplified “unit cell” geometry were developed to predict the behavior of the seal with respect to host/remora surface topology and tissue material properties.
Will Disclosure of Friendship Ties between Directors and CEOs Yield Perverse Effects?
Authors: Rose Jacob M. , Rose Anna M. , Norman Carolyn Strand , Mazza Cheri R. 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT:
Our paper examines three related questions: Will directors who have friendship ties with the CEO manage earnings to benefit the CEO in the short term while potentially sacrificing the welfare of the company in the long term? Will public disclosure of friendship ties mitigate or exacerbate such behavior, and will disclosure of friendship ties influence investors' perceptions of director decisions? We conduct an experiment involving 56 active and experienced corporate directors from U.S. firms and a second experiment with M.B.A. students. We find that friendship ties caused directors to be more willing to approve reductions to research and development (R&D) expenses that cause earnings to rise enough to meet the CEO's minimum bonus target more often than when the directors and CEO were not friends. However, disclosing friendship ties resulted in even greater reductions in R&D expenses and higher CEO bonuses than not disclosing friendship ties. In a second experiment, we find that shareholders were more likely to agree with directors' decisions to approve cuts to R&D when friendship ties were disclosed. These findings have potentially important implications for corporate governance because they suggest that friendship ties between the CEO and board members can impair the directors' independence and objectivity, and that disclosure of the relationships can worsen this effect.
Interrelations Between Tourism Offer and Tourism Demand in the Case of Farm Tourism in Slovenia
Authors: Cigale Dejan , Lampič Barbara , Potočnik-Slavič Irma 
Published: February 2014

AbstractIn Slovenia, farm tourism is among the most important supplementary activities on farm. On the other hand, its role within tourism sector is rather modest. The paper approaches the phenomenon of farm tourism from tourism supply and demand perspectives. Employed qualitative methods involved farm tourism holders and potential tourists on farm. The results have pointed out that the occurrence of tourist farms is primarily the result of farmers' needs and opportunities, and only on the second place of expressed demand of tourism market. Farm tourism supply and demand factors are interrelated in a rather complex way. Supply is only selectively influenced by (perceived) demand since farm tourism providers stick to extant idea/image of farm tourism and they are not putting it in question. In this way they also affect tourism demand since they shape a specific construct/image of farm tourism which attracts only some types of tourists.
The risk to human health related to disposal of animal wastes to soil — microbiological and parasitical aspects
Authors: Kachnič J. , Sasáková N. , Papajová I. , Veszelits Laktičová K. , Hromada R. , Harkabus J. , Ondrašovičová S. , Papaj J. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The study was conducted to investigate the microbiological and parasitical risk related to the disposal of animal manure to soil by storage of raw pig slurry at temperatures 4 °C, 20 °C and 42 °C for 115 days. Plate counts of Salmonella typhimurium and number of devitalized non-embryonated model Ascaris suum eggs were determined on days 0, 7, 12, 22, 32, 40, 55, 90 and 115 of storage. At the same intervals level of selected physico-chemical parameters were determined. Microbiological examination showed that S. typhimurium survived in the slurry for less than 115 days at 4 °C and less than 90 days at 20 °C and 42 °C. Devitalization of A. suum eggs increased with temperature and time of storage, but complete devitalization was not achieved even after 115 days at 42 °C. Physico-chemical parameters showed changes related to decomposition processes, but did not allow us to draw definite conclusion regarding their influence on devitalization of pathogens. The results indicate potential risk to human food chain that can be prevented by strict observation of legislative provisions and appropriate treatment of animal manure.
Potential association between trematode infections and development of pregnancy toxaemia in sheep
Authors: Papadopoulos E. , Mavrogianni V. , Mitsoura A. , Ptochos S. , Spanos S. , Fthenakis G. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Objective of the work was to study a potential association between trematode infections in pregnant ewes and concentrations β-hydroxybutyrate, which is a ketone body found in animals with pregnancy toxaemia. After administration of a long-acting nematocide, 80 pregnant sheep, infected with trematodes, were allocated as follows; primigravidae ewes in group P-A remained untreated and in group P-B were given netobimin; multigravidae ewes in group M-A remained untreated, in group M-B were given netobimin and in group M-C were given rafoxanide. We collected faecal samples for trematode epg counting and blood samples for measurement of β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. Mean faecal epg counts of D. dendriticum and F. hepatica decreased significantly after netobimin administration; mean faecal epg counts of F. hepatica, but not of D. dendriticum, decreased significantly after rafoxanide administration. Between P-A and P-B, the difference in mean blood β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations was significant (P = 0.036) immediately after lambing. Between M-A or M-C and M-B, it was significant (P ≤ 0.002) 28 days after trematocide administration and immediately after lambing; between M-A and M-C, no significant difference was evident. Immediately after lambing, mean blood β-hydroxybutyrate concentration in primiparous/multiparous ewes with Dicrocoelium faecal output ≤150 epg was 0.21/0.64 mmol L−1, respectively, and in primiparous/multiparous ewes with Dicrocoelium faecal output >150 epg was 0.40/0.93 mmol L−1, respectively (P = 0.704/<0.001, respectively). Mean blood β-hydroxybutyrate concentration in group P-C/M-C ewes with Fasciola faecal output of <16/<30 epg was 0.47/0.68 mmol L−1, respectively; that in group P-C/M-C ewes with Fasciola faecal output of ≥16/≥30 epg was 0.56/0.85 mmol L−1, respectively (P = 0.620/0.278, respectively). The results indicate that more trematode-infected adult ewes were found to have increased β-hydroxybutyrate blood concentrations and point out to a potential role of liver trematode infections in predisposing adult ewes to pregnancy toxaemia.
Wardium mackoifusa sp. n. (Cestoda, Cyclophyllidea), a parasite of the little gull (Larus minutus Pall.) from Ukraine
Authors: Greben O. , Kornyushin V. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The new cyclophyllidian species Wardium mackoifusa sp. n. (Aploparksidae Mayhew 1925), in the little gull (Larus minutus Pall.) from Ukraine is described. The species is characterized by 10 aploparaksoid hooks, each 13–15 μm long. It noticeably differs from all of the species of this genus by the shape and the armament of the cirrus and the presence of polar delicate filaments on the embryophore of eggs.
Treatment failure of ivermectin for Oxyuris equi in naturally infected ponies in Czech Republic
Authors: Scháňková Š. , Maršálek M. , Wagnerová P. , Lukešová D. , Starostová L. , Jankovská I. , Čadková Z. , Kudrnáčová M. , Brožová A. , Truněčková J. , Langrová I. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Nine ponies (20 months of age) with naturally acquired cyathostome and pinworm infections were treated orally with ivermectin at a dosage of 400 μg /kg. Ivermectin was highly effective on the cyathostome infection. However, adult Oxyuris equi were present in six horses. In recent years, anthelmintic treatment with macrocyclic lactones have not appeared to deliver the expected efficacy against equine pinworms (Oxyuris equi) in the USA. This is the first European study to demonstrate anthelmintic resistance in Oxyuris equi to macrocyclic lactones in naturally infected ponies (Czech Republic).
Relationships Among Manual Body Functions, Manual Capacity, and Bimanual Performance Using the Prosthetic Upper Extremity Functional Index in Children With Congenital Hand Differences
Authors: Ardon Monique S. , Janssen Wim G.M. , Hovius Steven E.R. , Stam Henk J. , Murawska Magdalena , Roebroeck Marij E. , Selles Ruud W. 
Published: February 2014

Background
Most surgical techniques intervene at the level of body functions of the upper limb, aiming to improve manual capacity and activity performance. However, the nature of the relationships among these levels of functioning and evidence for hand function variables predicting performance have scarcely been investigated.

Objective
The primary aim of this study was to assess aspects of hand function and manual capacity that influence bimanual performance in children with congenital hand differences (CHDs), ranging from surgically corrected polydactyly or syndactyly to radial dysplasia. A secondary aim was to assess whether the number of items on the Prosthetic Upper Extremity Functional Index (PUFI) can be reduced without losing information on bimanual performance in this population.

Design
A cross-sectional design was used.

Methods
One hundred six 10- to 14-year-old children with CHD participated in the study, which was conducted in a university hospital's outpatient clinic. Bimanual performance was evaluated with child self-reports on an adapted version of the PUFI, calculating ease of performance and actual use of the affected hand. Additionally, hand function and manual capacity were assessed.

Results
The median score on ease of performance was high, and, on average, the children used their affected hand actively in 97% of all activities. Manual capacity of the nondominant hand and lateral pinch strength of the dominant hand predicted attainment of maximum PUFI scores. Nonmaximum PUFI scores were predicted by opposition strength of the nondominant hand and lateral pinch strength of the dominant hand. In addition, in this patient group, only 6 items of the PUFI explained all variance in PUFI scores.

Limitations
The generalizability of the results is limited by the carefully selected age range. Second, the cross-sectional design of the study limits statements on causality on the relationships found.

Conclusion
Children with a CHD generally have good bimanual performance and, on average, perform activities with active use of the affected hand. Therapy directed toward increasing manual capacity and finger muscle strength might assist in improving bimanual performance in children with CHD. Furthermore, the number of items on the PUFI could be reduced from 38 to 6 items in children with CHD.
Associations Between Cognitive and Gait Performance During Single- and Dual-Task Walking in People With Parkinson Disease
Authors: Stegemöller Elizabeth L. , Wilson Jonathan P. , Hazamy Audrey , Shelley Mack C. , Okun Michael S. , Altmann Lori J.P. , Hass Chris J. 
Published: February 2014

BackgroundCognitive impairments in Parkinson disease (PD) manifest as deficits in speed of processing, working memory, and executive function and attention abilities. The gait impairment in PD is well documented to include reduced speed, shortened step lengths, and increased step-to-step variability. However, there is a paucity of research examining the relationship between overground walking and cognitive performance in people with PD.ObjectiveThis study sought to examine the relationship between both the mean and variability of gait spatiotemporal parameters and cognitive performance across a broad range of cognitive domains.DesignA cross-sectional design was used.MethodsThirty-five participants with no dementia and diagnosed with idiopathic PD completed a battery of 12 cognitive tests that yielded 3 orthogonal factors: processing speed, working memory, and executive function and attention. Participants completed 10 trials of overground walking (single-task walking) and 5 trials of overground walking while counting backward by 3's (dual-task walking).ResultsAll gait measures were impaired by the dual task. Cognitive processing speed correlated with stride length and walking speed. Executive function correlated with step width variability. There were no significant associations with working memory. Regression models relating speed of processing to gait spatiotemporal variables revealed that including dual-task costs in the model significantly improved the fit of the model.LimitationsParticipants with PD were tested only in the on-medication state.ConclusionsDifferent characteristics of gait are related to distinct types of cognitive processing, which may be differentially affected by dual-task walking due to the pathology of PD.
Fatigue After Liver Transplantation: Effects of a Rehabilitation Program Including Exercise Training and Physical Activity Counseling
Authors: van den Berg-Emons Rita J.G. , van Ginneken Berbke T.J. , Nooijen Carla F.J. , Metselaar Herold J. , Tilanus Huug W. , Kazemier Geert , Stam Henk J. 
Published: February 2014

Background
It is hypothesized that increasing physical fitness and daily physical activity can lead to a reduction in fatigue. However, standard medical care following liver transplantation seldom includes rehabilitation that focuses on physical fitness and physical activity.

Objective
The aim of this study was to explore whether a rehabilitation program can reduce fatigue in recipients of liver transplants. Furthermore, effects on physical fitness, physical activity, and cardiovascular risk were studied, and adherence, satisfaction, and adverse events were assessed.

Design
This was an uncontrolled intervention study.

Setting
The study took place in an outpatient rehabilitation clinic.

Patients
Eighteen recipients of a liver transplant who were fatigued participated in a 12-week rehabilitation program including physical exercise training and counseling on physical activity. The primary outcome measure was fatigue. Other outcome measures were: aerobic capacity, muscle strength, body fat, daily physical activity, lipid profile, and glycemic control. All measurements were performed before and after the rehabilitation program. Adherence, satisfaction, and adverse events were registered.

Results
After the program, participants were significantly less fatigued, and the percentage of individuals with severe fatigue was 22% to 53% lower than before the program. In addition, aerobic capacity and knee flexion strength were significantly higher, and body fat was significantly lower after the program. Participants were able to perform physical exercise at the target training intensity, no adverse events were registered, and attendance (93%) and mean patient satisfaction (8.5 out of 10, range=7–10) were high.

Limitations
No control group was used in the study.

Conclusions
A rehabilitation program consisting of exercise training and physical activity counseling is well tolerated and seems promising in reducing fatigue and improving fitness among recipients of liver transplants.
Health state utility of patients with single-level cervical degenerative disc disease: comparison of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with cervical disc arthroplasty
Authors: Qureshi Sheeraz , Goz Vadim , McAnany Steven , Cho Samuel K. , Hecht Andrew C. , Delamarter Rick B. , Fehlings Michael G. 
Published: February 2014

Object
Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of medical interventions has become increasingly relevant to the discussion of optimization of care. The use of utility scales in CEA permits a quantitative assessment of effectiveness of a given intervention. There are no published utility values for degenerative disc disease (DDD) of the cervical spine, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), or cervical disc replacement (CDR). The purpose of this study was to define health utility values for those health states.

Methods
The 36-Item Short Form Health Survey data from the ProDisc-C investigational device exemption study were obtained for single-level DDD at baseline and 24 months postoperatively after ACDF or CDR procedures. Patients in the original study were randomized to either ACDF or CDR. Utilizing a commercially available Short Form–6 dimensions program, utility scores were calculated for each health state using a set of parametric preference weights obtained from a sample of the general population using the recognized valuation technique of standard gamble.

Results
The baseline health state utility (HSU) value for a patient with single-level DDD was 0.54 in both the ACDF and CDR groups. Postoperative changes in HSU values were seen in both intervention groups at 24 months. Cervical disc replacement had a HSU value of 0.72. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion was found to have a postoperative utility state of 0.71. No statistically significant difference was found in the HSU for ACDF and CDR at 24 months of follow-up.

Conclusions
This study represents the first calculated HSU value for a patient with single-level cervical DDD. Additionally, 2 common treatment interventions for this disease state were assessed. Both treatments were found to have significant impact on the HSU values. These values are integral to future CEA of ACDF and CDR.
Kinetic analysis of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion supplemented with transarticular facet screws
Authors: Traynelis Vincent C. , Sherman Jonathan , Nottmeier Eric , Singh Vaneet , McGilvray Kirk , Puttlitz Christian M. , Leahy Patrick Devin 
Published: February 2014

Object
The clinical success rates of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) procedures are substantially reduced as more cervical levels are included in the fusion procedure. One method that has been proposed as an adjunctive technique for multilevel ACDF is the placement of screws across the facet joints (“transfacet screws”). However, the biomechanical stability imparted by transfacet screw placement (either unilaterally or bilaterally) has not been reported. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the acute stability conferred by implementation of unilateral and bilateral transfacet screws to an ACDF construct.

Methods
Eight C2–T1 fresh-frozen human cadaveric spines (3 female and 5 male; mean age 50 years) were tested. Three different instrumentation variants were performed on cadaveric cervical spines across C4–7: 1) ACDF with an intervertebral spacer and standard plate/screw instrumentation; 2) ACDF with an intervertebral spacer and standard plate/screw instrumentation with unilateral facet screw placement; and 3) ACDF with an intervertebral spacer and standard plate/screw instrumentation with bilateral facet screw placement. Kinetic ranges of motion in flexion-extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation at 1.5 Nm were captured after each of these procedures and were statistically analyzed for significance.

Results
All 3 fixation scenarios produced statistically significant reductions (p < 0.05) in all 3 bending planes compared with the intact condition. The addition of a unilateral facet screw to the ACDF construct produced significant reductions at the C4–5 and C6–7 levels in lateral bending and axial rotation but not in flexion-extension motion. Bilateral facet screw fixation did not produce any statistically significant decreases in flexion-extension motion compared with unilateral facet screw fixation. However, in lateral bending, significant reductions at the C4–5 and C5–6 levels were observed with the addition of a second facet screw. The untreated, adjacent levels (C2–3, C3–4, and C7–1) did not demonstrate significant differences in range of motion.

Conclusions
The data demonstrated that adjunctive unilateral facet screw fixation to an ACDF construct provides significant gains in stability and should be considered a potential option for increasing the likelihood for obtaining a successful arthrodesis for multilevel ACDF procedures.
True Grit: Programmed Necrosis in Antiviral Host Defense, Inflammation, and Immunogenicity
Authors: Mocarski Edward S. , Kaiser William J. , Livingston-Rosanoff Devon , Upton Jason W. , Daley-Bauer Lisa P. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Programmed necrosis mediated by receptor interacting protein kinase (RIP)3 (also called RIPK3) has emerged as an alternate death pathway triggered by TNF family death receptors, pathogen sensors, IFNRs, Ag-specific TCR activation, and genotoxic stress. Necrosis leads to cell leakage and acts as a “trap door,” eliminating cells that cannot die by apoptosis because of the elaboration of pathogen-encoded caspase inhibitors. Necrotic signaling requires RIP3 binding to one of three partners—RIP1, DAI, or TRIF—via a common RIP homotypic interaction motif. Once activated, RIP3 kinase targets the pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like to drive cell lysis. Although necrotic and apoptotic death can enhance T cell cross-priming during infection, mice that lack these extrinsic programmed cell death pathways are able to produce Ag-specific T cells and control viral infection. The entwined relationship of apoptosis and necrosis evolved in response to pathogen-encoded suppressors to support host defense and contribute to inflammation.
Enterprise risk management and firm value within China’s insurance industry
Authors: Li Qiuying , Wu Yue , Ojiako Udechukwu , Marshall Alasdair , Chipulu Maxwell 
Published: February 2014

Orientation: The article discusses the relationship between enterprise risk management (ERM) and firm value.Research purpose: The purpose of the study is to empirically examine the relationship between ERM and firm value. The study is undertaken within the context of the Chinese insurance industry.Motivation for the study: Recent attempts to link ERM with firm value have been undertaken primarily in the USA and Europe and have produced ambiguous and inconclusive findings.Research design, approach and method: Data was obtained from the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, a government body responsible for regulating insurance products and services in China. The data sample consisted of 135 insurance companies operating in China (in 2010). Regression modelling is employed to analyse the data.Main findings: The results show the relationship between ERM and firm value at first appears statistically significant within a Pearson correlation matrix but then falls below statistical significance on closer scrutiny through regression analysis. Accordingly, it is recommended that insurers in China should not look to aggressive investment in ERM as a strategy for producing quick gains in firm value.Practical/managerial implications: Risk managers should plan ERM development from a risk management maturity perspective, which equates the highest level of ERM development with ERM’s capacity to improve firm resilience to the unknown and serve as a mechanism for strategic decision-making.Contribution/value-add: The study employed return on equity as a proxy for firm value, utilising ordinary least squares regression modelling to test propositions of the relationships between variables.