bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the concept of translation: A perspective based on Greimassian semiotics
Authors: Troqe Rovena 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis article outlines some representative epistemological attitudes in translation studies and presents a model for defining translation. Basing our reflection on the work of translation scholars, we identify approaches that avoid the problem and others that claim to deal with it but fail to do so. The article is guided by the following questions: Is there a need to define the object of study when studying translation? If so, what are the origins and consequences of such a definition? How might this affect certain beliefs in the translation theories? Drawing on a Greimassian semiotic approach, we present a new model for defining the concept of Translation.
The semiotics of emotion and narrative therapy in the case of Montaigne
Authors: Lee Yunhee 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates a writing activity for therapeutic effect by means of self-regulation through which emotion and thinking are welded to discover the self and other. This activity is undertaken with a Peircean semiotic approach. Accordingly, a feeling of emotion as a material quality of thought-sign is observed as to how it develops into higher psychological processes by virtue of object of thinking, friendship, and love, as external stimulus. This is found in Michel de Montaigne who arrives at a feeling of unity between nature and culture by way of gravity of narrative as a remedial method in narrative mind.
Subclinical hypothyroidism in addition to common risk scores for prediction of cardiovascular disease: a 10-year community-based cohort study
Authors: Kim Tae Hyuk , Choi Hoon Sung , Bae Ji Cheol , Moon Jae Hoon , Kim Hyung-Kwan , Choi Sung Hee , Lim Soo , Park Do Joon , Park Kyong Soo , Jang Hak Chul , Lee Moon-Kyu , Cho Nam H , Park Young Joo 
Published: September 2014

ObjectiveThis study was carried out to determine whether serum TSH levels improve the prediction of cardiovascular risk in addition to common clinical risk scores, given the association between subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and cardiovascular disease (CVD).DesignWe carried out an observational study in a prospective cohort.MethodsThe study included a total of 344 SCH and 2624 euthyroid participants aged over 40 years and who were without previously recorded CVDs were included in this study analysis. We measured thyroid function and traditional risk factors at baseline and estimated the 10-year cumulative incidence of CVD in a gender-stratified analysis.ResultsDuring 10 years of follow-up, 251 incident cardiovascular events were recorded. The elevation of serum TSH levels significantly increased the CV risk independent of conventional risk factors in men. In the atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk score or the Reynolds risk score (RRS) model, the addition of serum TSH levels had no effect on model discrimination as measured by the area under the curve in either women or men. Adding serum TSH did not improve the net reclassification improvement in either women (3.48% (P=0.29) in the ASCVD, −0.89% (P=0.75) in the RRS, respectively) or men (−1.12% (P=0.69), 3.45% (P=0.20), respectively) and only mildly affected the integrated discrimination Improvement in the ASCVD-adjusted model (0.30% in women and 0.42% in men, bothP=0.05).ConclusionsIn the context of common risk scoring models, the additional assessment of serum TSH levels provided little incremental benefit for the prediction of CV risk.
Multi-Agent Auction Based Simulation Tool for an Insurance Policy Market
Authors: Lavendelis Egons , Grundspenkis Janis 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
The paper presents a simulation tool for automated interactions between insurance companies and their clients during the travel insurance buying process. Insurance deal evaluation model using price and insured risks has been developed based on the study of the Latvian insurance market. The proposed model is used together with well-known agent auction protocols, thus providing a multi-agent negotiation protocol. It allows automating one-to-many negotiations between client and insurance companies simulating electronic insurance policy marketplace. The simulation tool has been developed using the MASITS methodology and tool, thus providing a case study for the methodology and tool for a new type of systems
Virtual Observation Environment for Training and Monitoring of Insurance Software End-Users
Authors: Lavendels Jurijs , Krischuk Mikola , Sitikovs Vjaceslavs , Bulins Zigmunds 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Technological tools for the mastering of insurance software product remotely by end-users are described. To ensure distance training, two independent channels have been simultaneously used: one for video-audio conference providing trainer-trainee(s) communication and second one for collaboration between a trainer and trainee(s) showing software execution and control over trainee’s working with the software. The proposed solution has been approbated in several focus groups that give an evidence of its practical viability and applicability
The Freedom of Expression of Members of the Armed Forces Under the European Convention on Human Rights In Jokšas V. Lithuania
Authors: Kirchner Stefan , Maria Vanessa 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Freedom of expression is one of the most fundamental rights in a democratic society. In fact, the freedom to express one’s opinion and to impart, as well as to receive, information, is essential for the participation in the democratic process. The ability to make decisions as a citizen requires access to information; the participation in the life of the society requires the ability to express one’s opinions. It is imperative that in a democratic society, as it is envisaged by the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), everybody is able to express their views, regardless as to whether these views correspond to the views of those who are in power. This ability is one of the key differences between democracy anddictatorship. In particular in the nation-states of Eastern Europe, which have only known freedom for a bit less than a quarter of a century, the growth of democratic structures is inextricably linked to the ability to exercise this right. But while human rights in principle pit the citizen against the State, the citizen who serves the State in a professional function might also wish to express opinions that go against the view of those who are entrusted with leading the State. This is particularly the case when it comes to members of the armed forces. The jurisprudence of the Convention organs with regard to the right of public officials and other State agents to express their opinion freely is not as coherent as it is with regard to other questions concerning the ECHR. In a case decided in late 2013, the European Court of Human Rights dealt with this question with regard to Lithuania. In this article, the authors look at the question of how far the State can restrict the freedom of expression of members of the armed forces under the European Convention on Human Rights.
Free Monadic Tarski and MMI3-Algebras
Authors: Entizne Rosana V. , Monteiro Luiz F. , Savini Sonia M. , Viglizzo Ignacio D. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
MMI3-algebras are a generalization of the monadic Tarski algebras as defined by A. Monteiro and L. Iturrioz, and a particular case of the MMIn+1-algebras defined by A. Figallo. They can also be seen as monadic three-valued Łukasiewicz algebras without a first element. By using this point of view, and the free monadic extensions, we construct the free MMI3-algebras on a finite number of generators, and indicate the coordinates of the generators. As a byproduct, we also obtain a construction of the free monadic Tarski algebras.
Weak Homomorphisms of Coalgebras Beyond Set
Authors: Kianpi Maurice 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We study the notion of weak homomorphisms between coalgebras of different types generalizing thereby that of homomorphisms for similarly typed coalgebras. This helps extend some results known so far in the theory of Universal coalgebra over Set. We find conditions under which coalgebras of a set of types and weak homomorphisms between them form a category. Moreover, we establish an Isomorphism Theorem that extends the so-called First Isomorphism Theorem, showing thereby that this category admits a canonical factorization structure for morphisms
On a Class of h-Fourier Integral Operators
Authors: Harrat Chahrazed , Senoussaoui Abderrahmane 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we study the L2-boundedness and L2-compactness of a class of h-Fourier integral operators. These operators are bounded (respectively compact) if the weight of the amplitude is bounded (respectively tends to 0).
One Can Hear the Area of a Torus by Hearing the Eigenvalues of the Polyharmonic Operators
Authors: Guo Shunzi , Jin Jinyun 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This paper considers the asymptotic properties for the spectrum of a positive integer power l of the Laplace-Beltrami operator acting on an n-dimensional torus T. If N(λ) is the number of eigenvalues counted with multiplicity, smaller than a real positive number, we establish a Weyl-type asymptotic formula for the spectral problem of the polyharmonic operators on T, that is, as λ → +∞
N (λ) ~ ωn (VolT)λn/21 /2(π)n

where ωn is the volume of the unit ball in ℝn and Vol T is the area of T, which gives the information of the area of the torus based on the spectrum of the polyharmonic operators.
On Some New Sequence Spaces and Statistical Convergence Methods for Double Sequences
Authors: Belen Cemal , Yildirim Mustafa 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we introduce some new double sequence spaces with respect to an Orlicz function and define two new convergence methods related to the concepts of statistical convergence and lacunary statistical convergence for double sequences. We also present some inclusion theorems for our newly defined sequence spaces and statistical convergence methods
On (m,n)-Derivations of Some Algebras
Authors: Shen Qihua , Li Jiankui , Guo Jianbin 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Let A be a unital algebra, δ be a linear mapping from A into itself and m, n be fixed integers. We call δ an (m, n)-derivable mapping at Z, if mδ(AB) + nδ(BA) = mδ(A)B + mAδ(B) + nδ(B)A for all A,B ∈ A with AB = Z. In this paper, (m, n)-derivable mappings at 0 (resp. IA ⊕ 0, I) on generalized matrix algebras are characterized. We also study (m, n)-derivable mappings at 0 on CSL algebras. We reveal the relationship between this kind of mappings with Lie derivations, Jordan derivations and derivations.
Remarks on Occasionally Weakly Compatible Maps Versus Occasionally Weakly Compatible Maps
Authors: Deepmala  , Pathak H. K. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
. In this paper, we discuss some important and interesting remarks on the concept of occasionally weakly compatible (owc) mappings, which is an active and interesting area of research in the present era. Also, we discuss here the lapses of several authors in quoting the definition of owc maps and provide the corrected proof by including some additional conditions on their results.
Examples of Non-Conformal Submersions from Spheres with Umbilical Fibers
Authors: Zawadzki Tomasz 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We directly prove that the foliation of the sphere S2n+1, the leaves of which are intersections of all complex linear 2-dimensional subspaces of ℂn+1 translated by a constant vector p, defines a submersion that is horizontally conformal if and only if p=0. We generalise this result to the cases of S4n+3 and S15 with foliations constructed using quaternionic and octonionic structure (resp.) in an analogous way
Screening of various solvents and extracts of Achillea latiloba Ledeb. ex Nordm for antibacterial and antifungal activities
Authors: Ertürk Ömer 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
In this study the antibacterial and antifungal activities of extracted Achillea latiloba Ledeb. ex Nordm (Asteraceae) samples in acetone, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) from Trabzon Province (Turkey) were investigated. Antimicrobial activity of A. latiloba varied depending on the extract of samples, dosage of extracts, and the extraction solvents for all test microorganisms. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus salivarius, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus mutans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus licheniformis, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtillis, Proteus vulgaris and Candida albicans were studied with use of disc diffusion and agar dilution method. The results indicated that each of the crude extracts of Achillea latiloba exhibited a more or less pronounced antibacterial and antifungal potency both in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. While in the Gram-negative group, the most sensitive microorganism to Achillea latiloba were S. enteritidis and Streptococcus mutans which is Gram-positive. In the Gram-positive group, the microorganisms most sensitive to Achillea latiloba were Streptococcus mutans and L. monocytogenes. However, the least sensitive microorganism was P. vulgaris. The results presented in this paper suggest that Achillea latiloba possesses additional antimicrobial activities that has an effect against some Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria and fungi.
Composition, biological properties and therapeutic effects of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia L). A review
Authors: Prusinowska Renata , Śmigielski Krzysztof B. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) is a shrub of the family Lamiaceae, native to the Mediterranean region. The material used for herbal purposes includes lavender flowers (Lavandula flores) containing essential oil (3%), anthocyanins, phytosterols, sugars, minerals, and tannins. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the essential oil of lavender is variable and depends on genotype, growing location, climatic conditions, propagation, and morphological features. The essential oil contains over 300 chemical compounds. The dominant components are linalool, linalyl acetate, terpinen-4-ol, acetate lavandulol, oci-mene, and cineole. Lavender essential oil has good antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and a significant positive effect on the digestive and nervous systems. Lavender extract prevents dementia and may inhibit the growth of cancer cells, while lavender hydrolate is recommended for the treatment of skin problems and burns.
Panel Attrition: How Important is Interviewer Continuity?
Authors: Lynn Peter , Kaminska Olena , Goldstein Harvey 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
We assess whether the probability of a sample member cooperating at a particular wave of a panel survey is greater if the same interviewer is deployed as at the previous wave. Previous research on this topic mainly uses nonexperimental data. Consequently, a) interviewer change is generally nonrandom, and b) continuing interviewers are more experienced by the time of the next wave. Our study is based on a balanced experiment in which both interviewer continuity and experience are controlled. Multilevel multiple membership models are used to explore the effects of interviewer continuity on refusal rate as well as interactions of interviewer continuity with other variables. We find that continuity reduces refusal propensity for younger respondents but not for older respondents, and that this effect depends on the age of the interviewer. This supports the notion that interviewer continuity may be beneficial in some situations, but not necessarily in others.
Predictions vs. Preliminary Sample Estimates: The Case of Eurozone Quarterly GDP
Authors: D’Elia Enrico 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Economic agents are aware of incurring a loss in basing their decisions on their own extrapolations instead of on sound statistical data, but this loss may be smaller than the one related to waiting for the dissemination of the final data. Broad guidelines on deciding when statistical offices should release preliminary and final estimates of the key statistics may come from comparing the loss attached to users’ predictions with the loss associated to possible preliminary estimates from incomplete samples. Furthermore, the cost of delaying decisions may support the dissemination of very early estimates of economic indicators, even if their accuracy is not fully satisfactory from a strict statistical viewpoint. Analysing the vintages of releases of quarterly Euro area GDP supports the view that even very inefficient predictions may beat some official preliminary releases of GDP, suggesting that the current calendar of data dissemination requires some adjustment. In particular, actual “flash” estimates could be anticipated, while some later intermediate releases are likely less informative for the users.
Developing Calibration Weights and Standard-Error Estimates for a Survey of Drug-Related Emergency-Department Visits
Authors: Kott Phillip S. , Day C. Daniel 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
This article describes a two-step calibration-weighting scheme for a stratified simple random sample of hospital emergency departments. The first step adjusts for unit nonresponse. The second increases the statistical efficiency of most estimators of interest. Both use a measure of emergency-department size and other useful auxiliary variables contained in the sampling frame. Although many survey variables are roughly a linear function of the measure of size, response is better modeled as a function of the log of that measure. Consequently the log of size is a calibration variable in the nonresponse-adjustment step, while the measure of size itself is a calibration variable in the second calibration step. Nonlinear calibration procedures are employed in both steps. We show with 2010 DAWN data that estimating variances as if a one-step calibration weighting routine had been used when there were in fact two steps can, after appropriately adjusting the finite-population correct in some sense, produce standard-error estimates that tend to be slightly conservative.
Third species of Monophyllorchis (Orchidaceae) discovered in Panama
Authors: Kolanowska Marta 
Published: September 2014

Abstract A new species of Monophyllorchis Schltr. is described and illustrated based on Panamanian material. In habit the species resembles M. maculata Garay and its flowers are similar to M. microstyloides (Rchb. f.) Garay. The new entity is placed within an identification key for Monophyllorchis species.
Canine mammary carcinoma cell line are resistant to chemosensitizers: verapamil and cyclosporin A
Authors: Król M. , Pawłowski K.M. , Majchrzak K. , Mucha J. , Motyl T. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCancer chemotherapy can fail in many ways. One of the most significant is the development of multiple drug resistance (MDR), which constitutes a serious clinical problem. The development of MDR relates to the expression of a major membrane pump, P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Thus, currently one of the goals of experimental and clinical oncology is to decrease its activity. So far, many different P-gp inhibitors are available, but their efficacy is still questionable and requires further study.The aim of our study was to assess an impact of classical P-gp inhibitors (verapamil and cyclosporin A) in the reversion of multidrug resistance in canine mammary cancer cells. We used two cell lines isolated from mammary tumors and two cell lines isolated from their lung metastases. All of them showed P-gp over-expression confirmed using Real-time rt-PCR, Skan^R screening station and confocal microscopy. The FACS analysis showed that in three of the examined cell lines, treatment with verpamil/cyclosporin A was ineffective to reverse cancer chemoresistance. However, more studies in this field are required.
The in vitro effect of commercially available noble metal nanocolloids on the splenocyte proliferative response and cytokine production in mice
Authors: Małaczewska J. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
Noble metal nanoparticles, currently among the most popular types of nanomaterials, are capable of penetrating through biological barriers once they enter a living organism. There, they can permeate into organs possessing the reticuloendothelial system, such as the spleen. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of commercial nanocolloids of noble metals (silver, gold and copper), recommended by the manufacturer as dietary supplements, on the in vitro viability, proliferative activity and production of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL- 10 and TNF-α) by mouse splenocytes.
All of the analyzed colloids had some effect on the activity of mouse splenocytes. Silver colloid was characterized by high toxicity - concentrations of 1.25 ppm and above substantially depressed the viability of cells as well as their proliferative activity and ability to synthesize cytokines. The other two colloids were far less toxic than nanosilver, although their non-toxic concentrations had a significant effect on the production of cytokines by mitogen activated splenocytes. The colloid of gold decreased the level of IL-2, and the colloid of copper caused an increase in IL-2, IL6 and Il-10. At the same time, copper colloid alone induced the synthesis of IL-1β in mitogen unstimulated cells. The results indicate that colloids of noble metals are capable of affecting the activity of immunocompetent cells in important peripheral organs of the immune system.
Changes in Th1 and Th2 cytokine concentrations in ileal Peyer’s patches in gilts exposed to zearalenone
Authors: Obremski K. 
Published: September 2014

Abstract
GALT induces tolerance to foreign food antigens and plays an important role in the development of food allergies and the inflammatory bowel disease. The immune function of GALT is significantly influenced by an equilibrium between Th1 and Th2 subpopulations and the cytokines they produce. Th1 cytokines participate in the induction of a cell-mediated immune response, whereas Th2 cytokines induce powerful antibody-mediated responses. Changes in Th1/Th2 cell polarization of an immune response are associated with susceptibility to autoimmune and infectious diseases. This experiment investigated changes in cytokine levels produced by Th1 and Th2 cells in ileal Payer’s patches in gilts exposed to ZEN doses below the NOEL (approximately 8 μg kg-1 BW) for 14, 28 and 42 days. A significant linear increase in IL-4 (40.32 ± 1.55 ng mg-1 - 137.60 ± 29.96 ng mg-1), and IL-10 (5.99 ± 0.15 ng mg-1 - 16.39 ± 1.11 ng mg-1) concentrations was observed. An increase in Th1 (IL-2 and IFN-γ) cytokine levels was also noted in the experimental group, but it was not statistically significant. An HPLC analysis of Peyer’s patches in group E animals revealed a linear increase in ZEN concentrations (3.65 ± 0.91 ng g-1 - 4.72 ± 1.85 ng g-1) and an absence of α-ZEL. IL-4 stimulates monocytes and macrophages, it induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and it may directly and indirectly contribute to the development of inflammatory foci. Higher IL-4 levels could shift polarization toward Th2 cells, stimulate B cells to undergo class switching to produce IgE and contribute to the development of allergies.