bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cross‐sectional examination of the relationship between learning environment and anxiety among dental hygiene students
Authors: Klap Jamie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study's purpose was to determine if the learning environment impacts student anxiety in a dental hygiene program by evaluating the two main learning environments: the dental clinic and the traditional classroom. This study also examined educational tasks and their association with anxiety in each learning environment.MethodsA web‐based survey was conducted using a convenience sample of dental hygiene students enrolled in a two or four year CODA‐accredited dental hygiene program in the United States. The Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to determine each participant's anxiety levels in both learning environments. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation, and an analysis of variance.ResultsAccording to the Beck Anxiety Inventory scoring, dental hygiene students experience a moderate level of anxiety when learning in the dental clinic and a low level of anxiety when learning in the classroom. Nervousness was the most reported anxiety symptom in both the dental clinic and the traditional classroom. Test results from the Spearman correlation show that all dental clinic and classroom educational tasks have a significant correlation (p < 0.01) to a student's anxiety level. Anxiety reported by students did not statistically differ by the year in which they were in the dental hygiene program.ConclusionFindings suggest anxiety does exist at a moderate level in dental hygiene students. The dental clinic learning environment is associated with greater anxiety among dental hygiene students. Results from this study will be beneficial in understanding how to facilitate student success in a dental hygiene program.
The prospect of a mentor‐protégé model in dental hygiene as a supplementary approach to traditional clinical education
Authors: Tingué Esther , Fung Xiao‐Qing , Sefo Dianne L. , Benvenuto Victoria , Beall Andrea L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPurposeThis study compared the person‐centered approach alone and incorporated the mentor‐protégé model to assess differences in self‐efficacy, clinical skill acquisition, and anxiety/stress levels.MethodsThis quasi‐experimental study recruited a convenience sample of dental hygiene students at New York University during the 2022–2023 academic year. The dental hygiene students who were taught through traditional methods only (control group) and those who experienced the mentor‐protégé approach (intervention group) were compared. Data was collected from participants through anonymous surveys at the beginning and conclusion of the academic year. Additional information was gathered from the comparison group through a focus group.ResultsParticipants from both groups responded favorably in measurements of self‐efficacy. However, the comparison group had a significant increase in their self‐rated ability to work independently (p = 0.008989). Changes in perceived clinical skill acquisition were not statistically significant, except for improvement in patient communication for the comparison group (p = 0.0197). The control group's anxiety/stress decreased by 12.5% (p = 0.0755) and the comparison group's anxiety/stress levels reduced by 28.3% (p = 0.0646) in the general clinics. The clinical course failing rate for the control group in fall 2022 semester was 9%, and the intervention group at 0%; no clinical course failures occurred in either group for Spring 2023 semester. There was a 100% passing rate achieved on the clinical board exam by both groups.ConclusionsImplementing the mentor‐protégé model in dental hygiene education enhances students' clinical learning experiences and aids in practice readiness.
Assessing Axillary Lymph Node Burden and Prognosis in cT1‐T2 Stage Breast Cancer Using Machine Learning Methods: A Retrospective Dual‐Institutional MRI Study
Authors: Liao Jiayi , Xu Zeyan , Xie Yu , Liang Yanting , Hu Qingru , Liu Chunling , Yan Lifen , Diao Wenjun , Liu Zaiyi , Wu Lei , Liang Changhong 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundPathological axillary lymph node (pALN) burden is an important factor for treatment decision‐making in clinical T1‐T2 (cT1‐T2) stage breast cancer. Preoperative assessment of the pALN burden and prognosis aids in the individualized selection of therapeutic approaches.PurposeTo develop and validate a machine learning (ML) model based on clinicopathological and MRI characteristics for assessing pALN burden and survival in patients with cT1‐T2 stage breast cancer.Study TypeRetrospective.PopulationA total of 506 females (range: 24–83 years) with cT1‐T2 stage breast cancer from two institutions, forming the training (N = 340), internal validation (N = 85), and external validation cohorts (N = 81), respectively.Field Strength/SequenceThis study used 1.5‐T, axial fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted turbo spin‐echo sequence and axial three‐dimensional dynamic contrast‐enhanced fat‐suppressed T1‐weighted gradient echo sequence.AssessmentFour ML methods (eXtreme Gradient Boosting [XGBoost], Support Vector Machine, k‐Nearest Neighbor, Classification and Regression Tree) were employed to develop models based on clinicopathological and MRI characteristics. The performance of these models was evaluated by their discriminative ability. The best‐performing model was further analyzed to establish interpretability and used to calculate the pALN score. The relationships between the pALN score and disease‐free survival (DFS) were examined.Statistical TestsChi‐squared test, Fisher's exact test, univariable logistic regression, area under the curve (AUC), Delong test, net reclassification improvement, integrated discrimination improvement, Hosmer‐Lemeshow test, log‐rank, Cox regression analyses, and intraclass correlation coefficient were performed. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsThe XGB II model, developed based on the XGBoost algorithm, outperformed the other models with AUCs of 0.805, 0.803, and 0.818 in the three cohorts. The Shapley additive explanation plot indicated that the top variable in the XGB II model was the Node Reporting and Data System score. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, the pALN score was significantly associated with DFS (hazard ratio: 4.013, 95% confidence interval: 1.059–15.207).Data ConclusionThe XGB II model may allow to evaluate pALN burden and could provide prognostic information in cT1‐T2 stage breast cancer patients.Level of Evidence3Technical EfficacyStage 2
Quantifying spatially explicit uncertainty in empirically downscaled climate data
Authors: Inglis Nicole C. , Brown Taylor R. , Cale Ashley B. , Hartsook Theodore , Matos Adriano , Onyegbula Johanson , Greenberg Jonathan A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEcological simulations including forest and vegetation growth models require climate inputs that match the resolution and extent of the process being modelled. Climate inputs are often derived at resolutions coarser than the scale of many ecosystem processes. Machine learning models can be trained to spatially downscale climate data to fine (30 m) resolution using topographic variables such as elevation, aspect and other site‐specific factors. Statistically downscaled climate models will have spatially varying uncertainty that is not usually incorporated into downscaling techniques for error propagation into later models, are often applied on smaller areas, are not fine enough resolutions for many modelling techniques, or are not always scalable to large spatial extents. There remains opportunity to leverage machine learning advancements to downscale climate to very fine (30 m) resolutions with associated spatially explicit uncertainty to represent microclimatic variation in ecological models. In this study, we used quantile machine learning to produce 30 m downscaled temperature and precipitation data and associated model prediction uncertainty for the state of California. Temperature models were accurate at downscaling 4 km climate data to 30 m, performing better than the 4 km data at high and low slope positions and at high elevations, especially where there were fewer weather observations. Precipitation model predictions did not show global improvement over the 4 km scale, but were more accurate at high elevations, slopes with higher solar radiation and in valleys. For all climate variables, the added detail of spatial explicit uncertainty via 90% prediction intervals provides critical insight into the utility of empirically downscaled climate. The resulting 30 m spatially contiguous outputs can be used as ecological model inputs with uncertainty propagation, to illuminate climate trends over time as a function of fine‐scale spatial factors, and to highlight areas of spatially explicit uncertainty.
Mechanism of Laser‐Induced Self‐Deposition of Nanoparticles Identified by In Situ Observation
Authors: Chen Liwei , Matsuda Kazuya , Ito Yusuke , Sun Huijie , Sugita Naohiko , Nakao Masayuki , Nagato Keisuke 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLaser ablation has emerged as a promising technique for fabricating nanoparticles (NPs) on metal surfaces, as demonstrated by extensive experimental and simulation studies. However, the fundamental mechanisms underlying the self‐deposition of laser‐induced NPs remain unclear, owing to the complexity of the process influenced by various factors and their interactions. In contrast to prior research that solely focused on isolated factors, this research proposes an observation system designed to systematically elucidate the mechanisms of laser‐induced self‐deposition of NPs on a copper surface. This system integrates ultrashort exposure observation with the pump–probe method, enabling the capture of dynamically evolving phenomena within the time frame of laser ablation. The proposed probing techniques reveal that the plasma plume consistently aligns with the NP spatter boundary. Additionally, liquid NPs are observed to travel into the plume and evaporate at its boundary, while solid NPs are propelled in opposite directions owing to recoil pressure from jetting vapor, eventually settling around the laser‐irradiated area. This study offers comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of NP self‐deposition through laser ablation, which is critical for optimizing the laser parameters in micro/nanofabrication and advancing the fundamental research in laser manufacturing.
Role of prazosin in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome with sympathetic overactivity: A cohort study
Authors: Kumar Mritunjai , Guin Abhishek , Singh Anu , Singh Rajni , Tiwari Ashutosh 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsIn Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), patients with dysautonomia demonstrate sympathetic overactivity (SO). This study assessed the role of prazosin (α1‐blocker) in the management of SO.MethodsThis cohort study was conducted from January 2022 to September 2023. Thirty‐two GBS patients with SO received prazosin (2.5–10 mg three times a day) (prazosin group). For comparison, we included historical controls that included 33 GBS patients having SO with similar baseline characteristics, including median age and disability, who did not receive prazosin, from a GBS registry of patients admitted during February 2018–December 2021. The primary endpoint was days to resolution of SO. Secondary endpoints were daily fluctuations in the systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), duration of hospital stay, in‐hospital mortality, and disability at 3 months.ResultsThe median ages of both the treatment and the control groups were 36 (IQR 25–49) years and 43 (66.2%) were males. The demographic and clinical parameters were comparable. Prazosin resulted in significantly earlier normalization of SO compared to the control group (median 15 vs. 20 days; p = .01). The mean fluctuations in the SBP and DBP at 15 days were significantly lower in the prazosin group. However, the duration of hospital stay and good recovery at 3 months were comparable. Three patients developed hypotension, while two patients died (ventilator‐associated pneumonia) in the prazosin group.DiscussionThis study provides new evidence supporting the role of prazosin in SO, and needs randomized trials to confirm our findings.
Comfort distance between patients and pharmacists during medication instruction: A prospective observational study at a cancer chemotherapy center
Authors: Gocho Saori , Miyagi Yukina , Nakayama Chika , Miyachi Yuka , Okada Shoshiro , Maruyama Kenta , Oshima Taeyuki 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe distance from the patient is a crucial factor in the communication with patients. The distance between patients and pharmacists varies depending on several factors. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between comfort distance and patients' physical condition and mood by measuring this distance at a chemotherapy center.MethodsA total of 114 patients were surveyed regarding their physical condition and mood. The distance at which the patients were best able to talk to the pharmacists was measured. For comfort distance measurement, the pharmacists were instructed to approach or move away from the patients.ResultsThe correlation between physical condition, mood, and comfort distance was examined in both male and female patients, and no significant correlation was found; however, there was a strong correlation between physical condition and mood in female patients. We looked at correlations by further dividing patients into those over and under 65 years of age and found a slight correlation with comfort distance in women under 65. They tended to shorten the distance when they felt well and lengthen the distance when they felt not well.ConclusionsNo correlation was found between physical condition or mood and comfort distance in male or female. A slight correlation was observed when age was included; however, the results were not satisfactory. By directly measuring the distance in actual patients, we obtained an actual measurement of the comfort distance that synthesized the patient's condition and various backgrounds during chemotherapy, providing a foothold for future studies.
FE2${\mathrm{FE}}^{2}$ method to model graphene subjected to in‐plane loading
Authors: Ochs Julian , Wackerfuß Jens 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the mechanical properties of carbon‐based nanostructures, in particular graphene, using the method. The local boundary value problem is calculated using molecular mechanics and is therefore, in contrast to continuum mechanics, discrete. In the case of graphene as a microstructure, atomistic interactions occur with a range of up to three or more atoms. For the local boundary value problem, a representative volume element is developed that is compatible with the atomistic interactions. Boundary effects resulting from the molecular mechanical consideration are eliminated. Boundary conditions compatible with the Hill–Mandel condition are formulated for the local boundary value problem. The results are verified with fully atomistic simulations.
On the heritage of Kurt Magnus in gyro technology
Authors: Wagner Jörg F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractKurt Magnus (1912–2003) is one of the personalities who shaped research and teaching in applied mechanics during the 20th century. Through his work with his doctoral supervisor Max Schuler at the University of Göttingen, gyrodynamics became his most important field of work, which also led to his research in oscillations, multi‐body systems, and mechatronics. Magnus made significant contributions in all these fields. He was regarded as a gifted lecturer, and the close connection between scientific research and practical application was important to him. Life and scientific work of Kurt Magnus were, however, also characterized by his 7‐year deportation to the USSR in 1946. Despite this fate, he was able to continue his research under certain restrictions during this time. After returning to Germany, he became Professor of Mechanics at the University of Stuttgart in 1958. His appointment coincided with the gradual resumption of industrial activities in Germany in the field of gyro technology—activities that had come to a standstill at the end of World War II. In the years that followed, Magnus' institute became the scientific center for gyrodynamics in Germany. The activities of that time are reflected in a preserved collection of gyro instruments for research and teaching as well as in the co‐founding of an annual international conference on inertial technology, which continues to this day. Magnus' subsequent move to the Technical University of Munich in 1966 did nothing to change this. At that time, he was regarded as a doyen of gyro technology. After a short biography of Kurt Magnus, the paper addresses the recent revision and digitization of the gyro instrument collection and presents an outline of the history of the conference series providing details on how gyro technology has developed since his work in Stuttgart.
Synergistic integration of dynamic acylsemicarbazide bonds and disulfide bonds into polyurethane: A facile strategy to surmount the tradeoff between mechanical strength and self‐healing capacity of elastomers
Authors: Wang Yubin , Hu Yangyang , Hao Zhiwei , Xu Zhongdi , Sun Baojiang , Zhang Jianhua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe polymeric materials can simultaneously possess high mechanical properties and outstanding self‐healing performance under mild condition have found widespread applications in various fields. However, this type of polymers is exceedingly rare due to the trade‐off between mechanical robustness and chain flexibility for healing. In this study, we designed a facile strategy for synergistic integration of dynamic acylsemicarbazide (ASC) bonds and disulfide bonds into polyurethane elastomer by the reaction between 3,3′‐dithiobis(propionohydrazide) and isocyanate‐terminated Pre‐PU. The obtained elastomer ASC‐SS‐PU not only possesses an outstanding tensile strength (17.1 MPa), good stretchability (735%) and high toughness (57.16 MJ·m−3), but also exhibits excellent self‐healing performance under mild condition. The healing efficiency of the damaged ASC‐SS‐PU samples (breakage rate >90%) can reach over 70% healing at 60°C for 40 min, which is much lower than conventional ASC‐based PU elastomer. Considering the simple and easy‐to‐scaleup preparation process and commercially available low‐cost raw materials, outstanding mechanical strength and toughness, as well as high healing efficiency under mild condition, the ASC‐SS‐PU elastomer as self‐healing but strong materials have great potential for use in various fields.
Effects of preoperative respiratory muscle training for improvement of postoperative health related quality of life in mitral valve replacement patients
Authors: Umar Umama , Hussain Ahad , Tariq Komal 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeA patient's defective mitral valve is replaced as part of a treatment called mitral valve replacement (MVR) with a mechanical or biological (bioprosthetic) valve. To evaluate the effects of preoperative respiratory muscle training (RMT) on the improvement of postoperative Health related quality of life in MVR patients.MethodsA quasi‐experimental study was conducted at Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology. A Sample of 40 adult patients aged 25–50 years of both genders who underwent MVR was selected and divided into two groups Group 1 (Respiratory Muscle Training Group) was received RMT consisting of 10–15 repetitions a day for 5 days; for 3 weeks. Whereas Group 2 (Conventional Group) was receive breathing exercise consisting of 10–12 repetitions a day for 5 days; for 3 weeks. Modified Healthy Heart Questionnaire (HHQ‐GP‐1) was used as screening tool. In outcome measuring tools Health Related Quality of life Questionnaire (EuroQol), New York Heart Association, was used at baseline, 3rd week and postoperatively. Duration of Postoperative Mechanical Ventilation (hours) and Hospital Stay was also noted as outcome measures of this study.ResultsResults obtained indicate that level of Self‐Care in EuroQol‐5‐D‐5L has improved in group 1 3.35 ± 1.03 to 1.35 ± 0.48 showing significant improvement similarly in case of Hospital Length of Stay, Mechanical ventilation 4.05 ± 0.68 to 5.05 ± 0.51 and Pain 65.25 ± 8.34 to 71.50 ± 6.70 has improved.Implications on Physiotherapy PracticeIt was concluded that Respiratory Muscle Training and Conventional Muscle Training both are effective in MVR patients. But RMT is more effective in improving self‐care, reducing pain, Hospital Length of Stay and Mechanical Ventilation in postoperative period as compared to Conventional Muscle Treatment.
Micro/Nano Hierarchical Crater‐Like Structure Surface With Mechanical Durability and Low‐Adhesion for Anti‐Icing/Deicing
Authors: Xuan Sensen , Zhuo Lijie , Li Guoqiang , Zeng Qin , Liu Jiasong , Yu Jiaxin , Chen Liang , Yang Yi , Liu Senyun , Wang Yuan , Yin Kai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSuperhydrophobic surfaces have attracted significant attention for their ability to prevent ice formation and facilitate deicing without requiring external energy. However, these surfaces are often vulnerable to damage from external forces, leading to functional failure due to poor mechanical stability, which limits their widespread use. Drawing inspiration from the hierarchical groove of rose petals and the micropapillae of lotus leaves, a simple laser‐based method is proposed to create a superhydrophobic surface with a micro/nano hierarchical crater‐like structure (HCLS). To enhance the surface, boiling water treatment is applied to induce dense nanostructures, resulting in an optimal contact angle (CA) of 162° and a desirable sliding angle (SA) of 2.0°. The initial ice adhesion strength of HCLS is as low as 1.4 kPa and remains below 10 kPa even after 300 cm sandpaper abrasion. Furthermore, the HCLS demonstrates excellent mechanical durability, maintaining its performance under conditions that simulate the continuous impact of water and sand in extreme weather. This approach offers an innovative design concept that has the potential to advance the development of anti‐icing and deicing surfaces for future aircraft.
Immune profiling of premalignant lesions in patients with Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome
Authors: Liu Zhongyue , Wu Boda , Shi Xiaoliu , Zhou Junfeng , Huang Hui , Li Zhihong , Yang Mei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundPeutz‐Jeghers syndrome (PJS), is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease characterized by an elevated risk of various cancers. Serine/Threonine Kinase 11 (STK11) gene is a major tumor suppressor crucial for immune evasion with and beyond tumorigenic cells. It has garnered increasing attention in the realm of oncology treatment, particularly in the context of immunotherapy development.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the suitability of polyps obtained from individuals with PJS, resulting from germline STK11 deficiency, for immunotherapy. Additionally, we seek to identify potential shared mechanisms related to immune evasion between PJS polyps and cancers. To achieve this, we examined PJS polyps alongside familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and sporadic polyps.MethodsPolyps were compared among themselves and with either the paracancerous tissues or colon cancers. Pathological and gene expression profiling approaches were employed to characterize infiltrating immune cells and assess the expression of immune checkpoint genes.ResultsOur findings revealed that PJS polyps exhibited a closer resemblance to cancer tissues than other polyps in terms of their immune microenvironment. Notably, PJS polyps displayed heightened expression of the immune checkpoint gene CD80 and an accumulation of myeloid cells, particularly myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs).ConclusionThe findings suggest an immunobiological foundation for the increased cancer susceptibility in PJS patients, paving the way for potential immune therapy applications in this population. Furthermore, utilizing PJS as a model may facilitate the exploration of immune evasion mechanisms, benefiting both PJS and cancer patients.