bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the land surface for surface climate: results from a stepwise land–atmosphere coupling experiment
Authors: May Wilhelm 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Given the important role of the land surface for climate, this study aims at (1) to evaluate the quality of the simulation of surface climate by the land-surface component of the EC-Earth3 ESM and (2) to assess the role of the coupling of the land surface with the atmosphere for the simulation of the surface climate in EC-Earth3. It is based on three simulations with different configurations of the EC-Earth3 ESM: an offline simulation with the land-surface component, a partially coupled simulation with the atmospheric component and a fully coupled simulation with the atmospheric component of EC-Earth3. The land-surface component of EC-Earth3 shows a characteristic geographical distribution of the biases for the different variables describing surface climate. As for the land-surface temperature, the model is characterized by warm biases in the tropics and the mid- and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and a cold bias in the subtropics. For surface soil moisture, on the other hand, the model shows wet biases in the tropics and the mid- and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and a dry bias in the subtropics. As for the surface energy fluxes, net radiation and sensible heat flux are underestimated in the tropics and the mid- and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and overestimated in the subtropics, and the opposite behaviour is found for latent heat flux. The land-surface component of EC-Earth3 is characterised by an overall cold bias and a general underestimation of net radiation and sensible heat flux. Neither the coupling with the atmosphere nor the feedback between the land surface and the atmosphere affect the geographical distribution of the biases in surface climate characterising the offline simulation with the land-surface component of EC-Earth3 but have impacts on the magnitude of the local biases and regional details. The coupling with the atmosphere decreases land-surface temperature in the tropics and the mid- and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and increases land-surface temperature in the subtropics, resulting in colder land-surface temperature and, thus, amplifying the overall cold bias found in the offline simulation. The feedback between the land surface and the atmosphere, on the other hand, increases land-surface temperature in the tropics and the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and decreases land-surface temperature in the subtropics and the high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. The overall effect of the feedback between the land surface and the atmosphere is notably smaller than the effect of the coupling with the atmosphere for land-surface temperature and net radiation, similar for the fluxes of sensible and latent heat and stronger for surface soil moisture. The results of this study emphasize the need to improve the quality of the land-surface component of EC-Earth3 parallel with other components of the ESM.
Iron intake and iron status of Swedish adolescents with diets of varying climate impact
Authors: Hallström Elinor , Löfvenborg Josefin Edwall , Moreaus Lotta , Sjöberg Agneta , Winkvist Anna , Lindroos Anna Karin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
The risk of inadequate micronutrient intake is a concern of low-climate impact diets. This study analyzes the prevalence of iron deficiency (ID) among adolescents with varying dietary climate impact, with special reference to different types and dietary sources of iron.

Methods
Data on dietary intake (n = 3099) and plasma ferritin (n = 1030) were from Riksmaten Adolescents 2016–2017 survey of Swedish girls and boys aged 11–18 years. Dietary climate impact was estimated with life cycle assessment data. Linear and logistic regression models assessed associations between dietary climate impact, intakes of iron and food groups, and ID.

Results
Higher total iron and heme, but not non-heme, iron intake, was linearly associated with higher dietary climate impact. Compared to girls, boys had higher climate impact and low prevalence of ID. Girls in the highest climate impact quartile had 56% lower odds of ID (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.24–0.81) compared to the lowest quartile, whereas no association was found in boys. Lower intake of red meat and heme iron was associated with ID in girls, while higher intake of dairy was associated with ID in boys. Menstruating girls and adolescents born outside of Sweden were identified risk groups for ID.

Conclusions
Girls with a more climate-friendly diet and lower intake of red meat/heme iron may be at higher risk of ID compared to girls with higher dietary climate impact. These results highlight the importance of considering risk groups of ID, such as menstruating girls, in the transition to more plant-based diets with lower climate impact.
Patisiran in ATTRv amyloidosis with polyneuropathy: “PatisiranItaly” multicenter observational study
Authors: Di Stefano Vincenzo , Guaraldi Pietro , Romano Angela , Antonini Giovanni , Barilaro Alessandro , Briani Chiara , Burattini Marco , Cani Ilaria , Carlini Giulia , Ceccanti Marco , Cianci Vittoria , Cortelli Pietro , Currò Dossi Marco , Di Lisi Daniela , Di Muzio Antonio , Falzone Yuri , Filosto Massimiliano , Gasverde Sabrina , Gemelli Chiara , Gentile Luca , Goglia Mariangela , Leonardi Luca , Longhi Simone , Lotti Antonio , Manganelli Fiore , Mazzeo Anna , Milella Giammarco , Novo Giuseppina , Fenu Silvia , Palumbo Giovanni , Petrelli Cristina , Poli Loris , Pradotto Luca Guglielmo , Russo Massimo , Salvalaggio Alessandro , Sciarrone Maria Ausilia , Sellitti Luigi , Tagliapietra Matteo , Tozza Stefano , Turri Mara , Verriello Lorenzo , Vitali Francesca , Brighina Filippo , Luigetti Marco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Hereditary amyloid transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (ATTRv-PN) is a rare, inherited, multisystemic, progressive adult-onset disease, affecting sensorimotor nerves, and various organs. It is caused by mutations in the TTR gene, leading to misfolded monomers that aggregate, forming amyloid fibrils. Patisiran is a small, double-stranded interfering RNA encapsulated in a lipid nanoparticle, designed to enter hepatocytes and selectively target TTR mRNA to reduce both variant TTR and wild-type TTR (wt). This study presents a multicenter, real-life experience of patisiran’s effectiveness and safety in ATTRv-PN.

Methods
We enrolled genetically confirmed ATTRv-PN patients from 29 specialized Italian centers. All subjects underwent neurological assessments, including familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) staging, the Neuropathy Impairment Score (NIS), quality-of-life assessment using the Norfolk Quality of Life-Diabetic Neuropathy (Norfolk QOL-DN) questionnaire, and the Compound Autonomic Dysfunction Test (CADT). Additional assessments included baseline and follow-up measures of serum NT-proBNP and interventricular septal thickness.

Results
A total of 181 ATTRv patients (69% male) were enrolled. Neurological onset was reported in 60.2% of cases. At baseline, 83.4% of patients exhibited multisystemic involvement, while only 16.6% presented isolated polyneuropathy. For approximately 70% of patients, patisiran was the first treatment; the remainder transitioned from tafamidis or inotersen. Following treatment, most patients demonstrated stabilization of neuropathy progression, regardless of baseline disease severity or genotype. The treatment was well-tolerated, with 90% of patients reporting no adverse events.

Conclusion
Patisiran can be considered a valid therapeutic option for the management of patients with ATTRv amyloidosis. Considering its mechanism of action, similar outcomes could also be expected with the wider utilization of newly approved gene silencers for ATTRv therapy, such as vutrisiran.
Enhanced mortality prediction in pediatric sepsis using NGAL: A comparison with PRISM III scores in critical care settings
Authors: AbdelRazic Marwa Ibrahem , Hakeem Gehan Lotfy Abdel , Hanna Mina Sobhy , Mohamed Omima M. , Abuelela Ibtehal Saad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sepsis is a critical condition that disrupts metabolic, physiological, and immune functions, often resulting in severe complications such as multi-organ failure and increased mortality. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) has emerged as a promising biomarker for infection and inflammation, offering potential advantages for early mortality prediction. This study compared the predictive value of serum NGAL levels with pediatric risk of mortality III (PRISM III) scores in critically ill pediatric patients with sepsis. A prospective cohort study was conducted at a tertiary hospital from September 2022 to March 2023, involving 75 pediatric patients diagnosed with sepsis, septic shock, or multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), along with 25 healthy controls. Serum NGAL levels were measured within the first hour of PICU admission and analyzed alongside PRISM III scores to evaluate their correlation with mortality and sepsis severity. The results demonstrated that serum NGAL levels were significantly elevated in septic patients compared to controls, with the highest levels observed in those with MODS. NGAL showed greater sensitivity and specificity for predicting mortality than PRISM III scores, with ROC curve analysis revealing that NGAL levels > 599 mg/ml were strongly associated with increased mortality risk (sensitivity 70.4% and specificity 50%). Multivariate analysis confirmed NGAL as an independent predictor of mortality, outperforming PRISM III scores in identifying severe cases.

Conclusion: Serum NGAL is a valuable biomarker for early prediction of mortality and sepsis severity in pediatric patients, providing faster and more accurate assessments than PRISM III scores. Its integration into clinical practice may enhance decision-making in pediatric critical care settings, allowing for timely interventions and improved patient outcomes.

What is Known:• Pediatric risk of mortality III (Prism III) scores is widely used to predict sepsis severity and mortality in pediatric intensive care units, but requiring 12-24 hours to complete. Neutrophil is an established biomarker for inflammation and infection with a potentially anti-pathological value in the neutrophil gelatinus-lipocalin (NGAL) sepsis.

What is New:• Serum NGAL levels, PICU is measured within the first hour of entry, prism III score in pediatric patients in predicting mortality and severity of sepsis. > An NGAL cutoff of 599 mg/mL is significantly associated with mortality risk, which provides a rapid, independent and more immediate immunity tool for important care decision making.
Effects of nurse-led symptom management in chronic myeloid malignancies: a randomized trial
Authors: Pedersen Maja , Larsen Maria Torp , Kornblit Brian Thomas , Dahl Emma Ove , Lomborg Kirsten , Tolver Anders , Jarden Mary 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Chronic hematological malignancies progress slowly, potentially manifesting symptoms spanning months to years. HM-PRO is developed as a comprehensive clinical tool for assessing symptoms in hematology. The aim was to investigate the effect of a nurse-led systematic approach to symptom identification and management using HM-PRO in outpatient care in patients with chronic hematological malignancies.

Methods
This is a randomized trial including 94 patients to investigate an intervention comprising (1) HM-PRO data collection, (2) HM-PRO assessment guided by an algorithm, and (3) nurse-led tailored symptom management. The control arm received standard follow-up care. The primary outcome was change in QoL. Secondary outcomes were change in prevalence of physical and psychological symptoms.

Results
A statistically significant difference in QoL change scores over time favored the intervention (diff. 10.3; p = .04). For secondary endpoints, a significant between group difference in change over time for severity scores was observed in fatigue (diff. − 13.6; p = .003), overall symptom burden (diff. − 0.7 points; p = .029), emotional functioning (diff. 10.0; p < .0001), and anxiety (diff. − 2.5; p = .001).

Conclusion
A 12-month nurse-led symptom management intervention within hematology significantly improved QoL, emotional functioning, fatigue, anxiety, and overall symptom burden over time. This is the first randomized trial investigating nurse-led clinical application of the HM-PRO questionnaire providing knowledge on the efficacy of systematic symptom management in clinical practice. This study highlights both the pivotal role of nurses and multidisciplinary support and the inherent value of tailored symptom management.

Trial registration
Clinical trial registration number: NCT04757545 (02/12/2021).
Use of quantum hyperlight technology in photobiomodulation on stem cells: an experimental in vitro study
Authors: Çiçek Gülsemin , Öz Bağcı Fatma , Aktan Tahsin Murad , Duman Selçuk 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Human umbilical cord matrix Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are commonly utilized in regenerative medicine due to their therapeutic benefits. However, the microenvironmental stress present in patients with hyperglycemia can significantly reduce mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) viability under high-glucose conditions in the body, ultimately reducing their therapeutic effectiveness. Enhancing the survival rate of MSCs following cell transplantation remains a crucial challenge. This study investigates whether Quantum Hyperlight (QHL) can counteract the detrimental effects of high glucose (HG), thereby improving MSC survival, proliferation, and mitochondrial function. We aimed to evaluate the effect of QHL on cellular viability, proliferation, and mitochondrial activity in WJ-MSCs exposed to HG. MSCs were cultured in a medium containing normal glucose (NG) (1 g/L) and HG (4.5 g/L). MSCs in the HG medium were exposed to QHL for 90 s or 180 s with an energy density of 2.4 Joules/cm2/minute and an average power density of 40 mW/cm2. Then, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), MTT assays, and Mitotracker Green staining were performed to evaluate cell viability and proliferation. The viability of MSCs was significantly increased in the QHL-treated groups (84% in QHL-90 s and 86% in QHL-180 s) compared to the untreated HG group (65%, p < 0.001). PCNA expression in QHL-90 s and QHL-180 s groups showed significant increases (p < 0.001) compared to the untreated HG group. MitoTracker staining intensity was significantly higher in the QHL-treated groups compared to the untreated HG group (p < 0.001). The HG environment reduced viability, proliferation, and mitochondrial staining. In the context of the NG environment, MSCs exhibited notable differences. However, the viability, proliferation, and mitochondrial staining rates of MSCs were significantly higher in the HG conditions when treated with QHL compared to the group that did not receive QHL. This study introduces QHL as a novel approach to enhance the therapeutic potential of WJ-MSCs under HG conditions, demonstrating its ability to improve cellular viability, proliferation, and mitochondrial activity. This study highlights its potential as a pretreatment to improve clinical outcomes in regenerative medicine.
The stratification by automorphism groups of smooth plane sextic curves
Authors: Badr Eslam , Bars Francesc 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We obtain the list of automorphism groups for smooth plane sextic curves over an algebraically closed field K of characteristic

$$p=0$$

p
=
0

or

$$p>21$$

p
>
21

. Moreover, we assign to each group a geometrically complete family over
K that describe the corresponding stratum, that is, a generic polynomial equation with parameters such that any curve in the stratum is K-isomorphic to a smooth plane model obtained by specializing the values of those parameters in K. Additionally, we explore the connection with K3 surfaces of degree 2.
A method to measure renal inner medullary perfusion using MR renography
Authors: de Boer A. , Sharma K. , Alhummiany B. , Sourbron S. P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
In the kidney, the medulla is most susceptible to damage in case of hampered perfusion or oxygenation. Due to separate regulation of cortical and medullary perfusion, measurement of both is crucial to improve the understanding of renal pathophysiology. We aim to develop and evaluate a physiologically accurate model to measure renal inner medullary (Fmed) and cortical perfusion (Fcor) separately.

Materials and methods
We developed a 7-compartment model of renal perfusion and used an iterated approach to fit 10 free parameters. Model stability and accuracy were tested on both patient data and simulations. Cortical perfusion and FT (tubular flow or glomerular filtration rate per unit of tissue volume) were compared to a conventional 2-compartment filtration model.

Results
Average (standard deviation) Fmed was 37(23)mL/100 mL/min. Fitting stability as expressed by the median (interquartile range) coefficient of variation between fits was 0.0(0.0–5.8)%, with outliers up to 81%. In simulations, Fmed was underestimated by around 8%. Intra-class correlation coefficients for Fcor and FT as measured with the 2- and 7- compartment model were 0.87 and 0.63, respectively.

Discussion
We developed a pharmacokinetic model closely following renal physiology. Although the results were vulnerable for overfitting, relatively stable results could be obtained even for Fmed.
Scnet: spectral convolutional networks for multivariate time series classification
Authors: Wu Xing , Xing Xinyu , Yao Junfeng , Qian Quan , Song Jun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
With the widespread application of time series data, the study of classification techniques has become an important topic. Although existing multivariate time series classification (MTSC) methods have made progress, they often rely on one-dimensional (1D) time series, which limits their ability to capture complex temporal dynamics and multiscale features. To address these challenges, a Spectral Convolutional Network (SCNet) is introduced in this work. SCNet effectively transforms 1D time series data into the frequency domain using an enhanced Discrete Fourier Transform (enhanced_DFT), revealing periodicity and key frequency components while reshaping the data into a two-dimensional (2D) time series for better representation. Furthermore, it uses a Spectral Energy Prioritization method to optimize frequency domain energy distribution and a multiscale convolutional module to capture features at different scales, improving the model’s ability to analyze short-term and long-term trends. To validate the effectiveness and superiority, we conducted extensive experiments on 10 sub-datasets from the well-known UEA dataset. The results show that our proposed SCNet achieved the highest average accuracy of 74.3%, which is 2.2% higher than the current state-of-the-art models, demonstrating its potential for practical application and efficiency in MTSC task.
A note on the Walsh spectrum of the Flystel
Authors: Steiner Matthias Johann 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
is a family of compression and hash functions over finite fields

$$\mathbb {F}_q$$

F
q

for efficient Zero-Knowledge applications. Its round function is based on a novel permutation

$$\mathcal {H}: \mathbb {F}_q^2 \rightarrow \mathbb {F}_q^2$$

H
:

F
q
2

→

F
q
2

, called the open , which is parametrized by a permutation

$$E: \mathbb {F}_q \rightarrow \mathbb {F}_q$$

E
:

F
q

→

F
q

and two functions

$$Q_\gamma , Q_\delta : \mathbb {F}_q \rightarrow \mathbb {F}_q$$

Q
γ

,

Q
δ

:

F
q

→

F
q

. Over a prime field

$$\mathbb {F}_p$$

F
p

with E a power permutation and

$$Q_\gamma $$

Q
γ

,

$$Q_\delta $$

Q
δ

quadratic functions with identical leading coefficient, the designers conjectured for the absolute value of the Walsh transform that

$$\max _{\textbf{a} \in \mathbb {F}_p^2,\ \textbf{b} \in \mathbb {F}_p^2 {\setminus } \{ \textbf{0} \}} \left| \mathcal {W}_\mathcal {H} (\psi , \textbf{a}, \textbf{b}) \right| \le p \cdot \log \left( p \right) $$

max

a
∈

F
p
2

,

b
∈

F
p
2

\

{
0
}

W
H

(
ψ
,
a
,
b
)

≤
p
·
log

p

. By exploiting that the open is CCZ-equivalent to the closed , we prove in this note that

$$\max _{\textbf{a} \in \mathbb {F}_p^2,\ \textbf{b} \in \mathbb {F}_p^2 {\setminus } \{ \textbf{0} \}} \left| \mathcal {W}_\mathcal {H} (\psi , \textbf{a}, \textbf{b}) \right| \le (d - 1) \cdot p$$

max

a
∈

F
p
2

,

b
∈

F
p
2

\

{
0
}

W
H

(
ψ
,
a
,
b
)

≤

(
d
-
1
)

·
p

, where

$$d = \deg \left( E \right) $$

d
=
deg

E

.
Simple thermodynamic model of thermostats for a liquid into a tank: an analytical approach
Authors: Salazar Robert , Deaza Felipe , Zamudio José , García Leonardo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this manuscript, we propose a simplified mathematical model based on the heat transfer laws to predict the temperature profiles of a liquid controlled by a simple thermostat. The model result in a set of linear ordinary differential equations ODEs with forcing which turn on and off at a priori unknown times

$${\mathcal {T}}_M=\left\{ \zeta _0,\zeta _1,\ldots ,\zeta _M\right\} $$

T
M

=

ζ
0

,

ζ
1

,
…
,

ζ
M

. The pth switch-time

$$\zeta _p\in {\mathcal {T}}_p$$

ζ
p

∈

T
p

is calculated from the zeros of a function

$${\mathcal {Q}}(\chi )={\mathcal {Q}}(\chi ;\zeta _1,\ldots ,\zeta _{p-1})$$

Q

(
χ
)

=
Q

(
χ
;

ζ
1

,
…
,

ζ

p
-
1

)

coming from analytical solutions of the system depending on the previous times

$$\zeta _1,\ldots ,\zeta _{p-1}$$

ζ
1

,
…
,

ζ

p
-
1

. The mathematical problem can be solved by using standard techniques for solving ODEs once

$${\mathcal {T}}_M$$

T
M

is calculated by M-successive iterations of the conditional expression

$${\mathcal {Q}}(\chi =\zeta _p)=0$$

Q
(
χ
=

ζ
p

)
=
0

and the Newton–Raphson method. We provide analytical expressions for the temperature as a function of time and

$${\mathcal {T}}_M$$

T
M

considering direct (DC) and alternate (AC) feeding voltages. We solve the system using this numerical-analytical approach and compare it with the results of the 4th Runge–Kutta method finding a good agreement between both methods.
The Evolution of Threats to Protected Areas During Crises: Insights from the COVID-19 Pandemic in Madagascar
Authors: van Versendaal Leo , Schickhoff Udo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The impact of global or national crises on nature conservation efficiency remains insufficiently researched. We examine how specific threats developed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Madagascar’s protected areas, which are important biodiversity hotspots, and how the crisis impacted conservation actors and local communities. Drawing on interviews with stakeholders from the country’s multifaceted conservation network, we identify developments of individual threats and demonstrate that the socio-economic impacts of the pandemic on nature conservation are by no means uniform. While unsustainable activities for the purpose of self-sufficiency increased nationwide due to the economic downturn and COVID-19 restrictions, larger-scale economic threats to protected areas were linked to more complex factors and varied across the country and through distinct phases of the pandemic. Local alternative livelihood activities often failed to compensate for pandemic-related economic losses, particularly those from tourism and instead amplified pressure on protected areas and biodiversity due to their reliance on natural forest resources. Furthermore, threats to conservation assets were exacerbated as many conservation actors struggled to implement their projects and educational programs, which are crucial for integrating the local population into environmental efforts. However, despite these challenges, individual actors could temporarily intensify their endeavors by increasing their patrolling activities and securing additional emergency funding. Our findings show that adaptive crisis management is urgently needed in many organizations and that implementing participatory approaches and involving local actors in management structures and project planning are promising approaches during crises.