bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective recruitment and retention strategies in community health programs
Authors: McCann Jennifer , Ridgers Nicola D. , Carver Alison , Thornton Lukar E. , Teychenne Megan 
Published: October 2013

Issue addressedThe aim of this project was to identify effective recruitment and retention strategies used by health‐promotion organisations that focus on increasing physical activity and improving nutrition within the local community.MethodsSemistructured telephone or face‐to‐face interviews with 25 key informants from stakeholder organisations were conducted. Key informants discussed strategies used by their organisation to effectively recruit and retain participants into community‐based healthy eating and/or physical activity programs. Transcribed data were analysed with NVivo software.ResultsEffective recruitment strategies included word of mouth, links with organisations, dissemination of printed materials, media, referrals, cross‐promotion of programs and face‐to‐face methods. Effective retention strategies included encouraging a sense of community ownership, social opportunities, recruiting a suitable leader and offering flexibility and support. Fees and support for recruiting and retaining participants was also identified.ConclusionThis study provides novel insights to a greatly under researched topic in the field of health promotion. There are two key take‐home messages from the present study that are applicable to health practitioners as well as developers and deliverers of community health‐promotion programs: (1) it is imperative that all community health organisations report on the effectiveness of their recruitment and retention, both successes and failures; and (2) there is a clear need to tailor the recruitment and retention approach to the target population and the setting the program is occurring in.So what?These findings provide important insights for the development of future community‐based healthy eating and physical activity programs.
C1q induction and global complement pathway activation do not contribute to ALS toxicity in mutant SOD1 mice
Authors: Lobsiger Christian S. , Boillée Severine , Pozniak Christine , Khan Amir M. , McAlonis-Downes Melissa , Lewcock Joseph W. , Cleveland Don W. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Activation of the immune system within the nervous system is widely found in neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS. In mice that develop fatal paralytic disease from ALS-causing superoxide dismutase (SOD1) mutants, motor neurons activate expression of C1q, the initiating component of the classic complement system. As C1q and complement play a central role in developmental synapse elimination, disease-linked activation has suggested that it drives motor neuron denervation. Instead, suppressing C1q induction by gene deletion is shown to enhance loss, not retention, of synapses, whereas elimination of global complement activation by C1q or C3 gene deletions leave onset and progression of paralytic disease unaffected. Thus, C1q induction and complement activation are not significant contributors to SOD1 mutant-mediated ALS disease mechanism in mice.
The genitive alternation in Chinese and German ESL learners
Authors: Gries Stefan Th. , Wulff Stefanie 
Published: October 2013

This paper exemplifies an approach to learner corpus data that adopts a multifactorial definition of ‘context’. We apply a logistic regression to 2,986 attestations of genitive alternation (the squirrel’s nest vs. the nest of the squirrel) from the Chinese and German sub-sections of the International Corpus of Learner English and the British component of the International Corpus of English that were coded for 12 factors. Importantly, the speakers’ L1 was included as a predictor to be able to compare properly the native speakers with the learners as well as the two learner groups with each other. The final regression model predicts all speakers’ genitive choices very accurately (> 93%) and suggests that (i) the learners rely heavily on processing-related factors, which can be overridden by semantic constraints, and (ii) learners’ choices are differentially modulated by their L1. We close with a discussion of how this context-based, multifactorial approach goes beyond traditional learner corpus research.
Enhanced Feeding and Diminished Postnatal Growth Failure in Very‐Low‐Birth‐Weight Infants
Authors: Moltu Sissel J. , Blakstad Elin W. , Strømmen Kenneth , Almaas Astrid N. , Nakstad Britt , Rønnestad Arild , Brække Kristin , Veierød Marit B. , Drevon Christian A. , Iversen Per O. , Westerberg Ane C. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the present study was to determine whether an increased supply of energy, protein, essential fatty acids, and vitamin A reduces postnatal growth failure in very‐low‐birth‐weight infants.Methods:Fifty infants with birth weight <1500 g were randomized to an intervention (n = 24) or a control (n = 26) feeding protocol within 24 hours after birth. Forty‐four infants were included in the final analysis. This study was discontinued because of an increased occurrence of septicemia in the intervention group.Results:The intervention group had a lower mean birth weight (P = 0.03) and a higher proportion of infants small‐for‐gestational age (P = 0.04) than the control group. Other baseline characteristics were similar. The median (interquartile range) energy and protein supplies during the first 4 weeks of life were higher in the intervention group: 139 (128–145) versus 126 (121–128) kcal · kg−1 · day−1 (P < 0.001) and 4.0 (3.9–4.2) versus 3.2 (3.1–3.3) g · kg−1 · day−1 (P < 0.001). The infants in the intervention group regained birth weight faster (P = 0.001) and maintained their z scores for weight and head circumference from birth to 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (both P < 0.001). The median (interquartile range) growth velocity was 17.4 (16.3–18.6) g · kg−1 · day−1 in the intervention group and 13.8 (13.2–15.5) g · kg−1 · day−1 in the control group (P < 0.001). In line with the improved growth in the intervention group, the proportion of growth‐restricted infants was 11 of 23 both at birth and at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age, whereas this proportion increased among the controls from 4 of 21 to 13 of 21 (P = 0.04).Conclusions:Enhanced supply of energy, protein, essential fatty acids, and vitamin A caused postnatal growth along the birth percentiles for both weight and head circumference.
GDSL LIPASE1 Modulates Plant Immunity through Feedback Regulation of Ethylene Signaling
Authors: Kim Hye Gi , Kwon Sun Jae , Jang Young Jin , Nam Myung Hee , Chung Joo Hee , Na Yun-Cheol , Guo Hongwei , Park Ohkmae K. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Ethylene is a key signal in the regulation of plant defense responses. It is required for the expression and function of GDSL LIPASE1 (GLIP1) in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), which plays an important role in plant immunity. Here, we explore molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between GLIP1 and ethylene signaling by an epistatic analysis of ethylene response mutants and GLIP1-overexpressing (35S:GLIP1) plants. We show that GLIP1 expression is regulated by ethylene signaling components and, further, that GLIP1 expression or application of petiole exudates from 35S:GLIP1 plants affects ethylene signaling both positively and negatively, leading to ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 activation and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3 (EIN3) down-regulation, respectively. Additionally, 35S:GLIP1 plants or their exudates increase the expression of the salicylic acid biosynthesis gene SALICYLIC ACID INDUCTION-DEFICIENT2, known to be inhibited by EIN3 and EIN3-LIKE1. These results suggest that GLIP1 regulates plant immunity through positive and negative feedback regulation of ethylene signaling, and this is mediated by its activity to accumulate a systemic signal(s) in the phloem. We propose a model explaining how GLIP1 regulates the fine-tuning of ethylene signaling and ethylene-salicylic acid cross talk.
Prevalence and associations of quetiapine fumarate misuse among an Australian national city sample of people who regularly inject drugs
Authors: Reddel Siobhan Emma , Bruno Raimondo , Burns Lucy , Kirwan Amy , Lokuge Kamalini , Dietze Paul 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimsTo estimate the prevalence of self‐reported misuse of the antipsychotic quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine) among a sample of urban Australian people who inject drugs (PWID), and correlates of reported misuse in health and social domains.Design, setting and participantsData were obtained from a national cross‐sectional convenience sample survey of 868 urban PWID.MeasurementsSelf‐reported life‐time and recent (past 6‐month) use, and mode of use, of prescribed and non‐prescribed quetiapine. ‘Misuse’ calculated on non‐oral use of the prescribed drug or non‐prescribed use. Self‐reported potential correlates of quetiapine misuse including socio‐demographic, drug use and health and social characteristics.FindingsThirty‐one per cent of the sample [95% confidence interval (CI) = 28–34%] reported ever misusing quetiapine, 15% (95% CI = 13–17%) in the preceding 6 months. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that participants reporting any recent quetiapine misuse were more likely to be from jurisdictions with higher population prescription rates. They were also more likely to report violent crime in the preceding month [odds ratio (OR) = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.17–3.29] and non‐heroin drug overdose in the preceding 12 months (OR = 3.52, 95% CI = 1.39–8.91). Recent quetiapine misuse was also significantly associated with non‐prescribed benzodiazepine use (OR = 4.26, 95% CI = 2.06–8.82), non‐prescribed pharmaceutical opioid use (OR = 2.76 95% CI 1.47–5.19) and amphetamine use (OR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.02–4.22) in the previous 6 months.ConclusionsQuetiapine misuse appears to be common in PWID in urban Australia. Recent misuse is associated with localities reporting a higher rate of prescriptions and among individuals with a history of non‐heroin drug overdose, violent crime and use of non‐prescribed benzodiazepines and pharmaceutical opioids as well as amphetamines. Awareness of the potential for quetiapine misuse is important, as the drug is prescribed increasingly in a broader range of approved and ‘off‐label’ clinical contexts.
Peripheral interactions between cannabinoid and opioid systems contribute to the antinociceptive effect of crotalphine
Authors: Machado F C , Zambelli V O , Fernandes A C O , Heimann A S , Cury Y , Picolo G 
Published: October 2013

Background and PurposeCrotalphine is an antinociceptive peptide that, despite its opioid‐like activity, does not induce some of the characteristic side effects of opioids, and its amino acid sequence has no homology to any known opioid peptide. Here, we evaluated the involvement of the peripheral cannabinoid system in the crotalphine effect and its interaction with the opioid system.Experimental ApproachHyperalgesia was evaluated using the rat paw pressure test. Involvement of the cannabinoid system was determined using a selective cannabinoid receptor antagonist. Cannabinoid and opioid receptor activation were evaluated in paw slices by immunofluorescence assays using conformation state‐sensitive antibodies. The release of endogenous opioid peptides from skin tissue was measured using a commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA).Key ResultsBoth p.o. (0.008–1.0 μg·kg−1) and intraplantar (0.0006 μg per paw) administration of crotalphine induced antinociception in PGE2‐induced hyperalgesia. Antinociception by p.o. crotalphine (1 μg·kg−1) was blocked by AM630 (50 μg per paw), a CB2 receptor antagonist, and by antiserum anti‐dynorphin A (1 μg per paw). Immunoassay studies confirmed that crotalphine increased the activation of both κ‐opioid (51.7%) and CB2 (28.5%) receptors in paw tissue. The local release of dynorphin A from paw skin was confirmed by in vitro EIA and blocked by AM630.Conclusions and ImplicationsCrotalphine‐induced antinociception involves peripheral CB2 cannabinoid receptors and local release of dynorphin A, which is dependent on CB2 receptor activation. These results enhance our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the peripheral effect of crotalphine, as well as the interaction between the opioid and cannabinoid systems.
Interleukin‐6 induces malignant transformation of rat mesenchymal stem cells in association with enhanced signaling of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
Authors: Cui Xiangrong , Liu Jianping , Bai Lu , Tian Jie , Zhu Jing 
Published: October 2013

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to be the source for cell‐based therapies. However, MSCs can undergo malignant transformation in a tumor microenvironment where a high level of interleukin (IL)‐6 is present. In this study, we investigated the role of IL‐6 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling in malignant transformation of MSCs. Rat MSCs were isolated and indirectly cocultured with C6 glioma cells. Coculture of MSCs with astrocytes was used as a control. After 7 days of culture, the cells were assessed for malignant transformation using MTT assay and immunofluorescence staining. The levels of hepatocyte growth factor, IL‐6, and basic fibroblast growth factor, and the expression of STAT3 and soluble IL‐6 receptor in the cultured cells and conditioned media were measured using RT‐PCR, ELISA, and Western blot analysis. The expression levels of STAT3 downstream targets, CyclinD1 and Bcl‐xl, were determined as well. Our data showed that almost all of the MSCs became phenotypically malignant after indirect coculture with glioma cells, which was confirmed by tumor formation assays when these cells were injected into nude mice. The expression of IL‐6 was significantly increased in MSCs cocultured with glioma cells, which was associated with significantly increased expressions of soluble IL‐6 receptor, transmembrane glycoprotein GP130, STAT3, phosphorylated STAT3, CyclinD1, and Bcl‐xl. Similar results were obtained when the MSCs were treated with IL‐6. Treatment of the cocultured MSCs and glioma cells with STA‐21, to block the constitutive STAT3 signaling, reduced the risk of MSC tumor‐like transformation in the tumor microenvironment. These data suggest that IL‐6 plays a critical role in malignant transformation of rat MSCs, which is associated with an enhancement of the STAT3 signaling pathway in the tumor microenvironment.
Molecular markers and targeted therapies for adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Xu Yunze , Qi Yicheng , Zhu Yu , Ning Guang , Huang Yiran 
Published: October 2013

SummaryAdrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a lethal disease with poor prognosis and lack of effective therapeutic options. Systemic treatment is often employed to treat patients with advanced ACC, but outcomes are disappointing. During the last decade, some of the causative genetic mutations in sporadic ACCs have been identified. Molecular analysis has had a significant impact on the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanism of ACC development and the evaluation of prognostic and predictive markers. Preclinical investigations and clinical trials of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and anti‐angiogenic compounds have been initiated to seek target therapy of ACCs. This review summarizes the current view of molecular alterations involved in the pathophysiology of adrenocortical carcinogenesis. The rationale for testing targeted therapies of ACC is also presented.
Plasticity and genetic adaptation mediate amphibian and reptile responses to climate change
Authors: Urban Mark C. , Richardson Jonathan L. , Freidenfelds Nicole A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation are predicted to mitigate some of the negative biotic consequences of climate change. Here, we evaluate evidence for plastic and evolutionary responses to climate variation in amphibians and reptiles via a literature review and meta‐analysis. We included studies that either document phenotypic changes through time or space. Plasticity had a clear and ubiquitous role in promoting phenotypic changes in response to climate variation. For adaptive evolution, we found no direct evidence for evolution of amphibians or reptiles in response to climate change over time. However, we found many studies that documented adaptive responses to climate along spatial gradients. Plasticity provided a mixture of adaptive and maladaptive responses to climate change, highlighting that plasticity frequently, but not always, could ameliorate climate change. Based on our review, we advocate for more experiments that survey genetic changes through time in response to climate change. Overall, plastic and genetic variation in amphibians and reptiles could buffer some of the formidable threats from climate change, but large uncertainties remain owing to limited data.
Diversity increases carbon storage and tree productivity in Spanish forests
Authors: Ruiz‐Benito Paloma , Gómez‐Aparicio Lorena , Paquette Alain , Messier Christian , Kattge Jens , Zavala Miguel A. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAimBiodiversity loss could reduce primary productivity and the carbon storage provided by forests; however, the mechanisms underpinning the effects of biodiversity on multiple ecosystem functions are not completely understood. Spanish forests are of particular interest because of the broad variation in environmental conditions and management history. We tested for the existence of a relationship between diversity effects and both carbon storage and tree productivity, and examined the relative importance of complementarity and selection mechanisms in a wide variety of forests, from cold deciduous Atlantic to xeric Mediterranean evergreen forests.LocationContinental Spain.MethodsWe used c. 54,000 plots of the Spanish Forest Inventory and maximum likelihood techniques to quantify how climate, stand structure and diversity shape carbon storage and tree productivity. Diversity effects included both complementarity and selection mechanisms, measured respectively through functional diversity and functional identity measures.ResultsDiversity had a significant effect on both carbon storage and tree productivity, even when controlling for confounding factors of climate and stand structure. A consistent positive effect of functional diversity on carbon storage and tree productivity was observed in all seven forest types studied. This relationship was not linear, and the largest changes in carbon storage and tree productivity were observed at low levels of functional diversity. However, the importance of complementarity effects was not consistent with the productivity of different forest types. Selection effects were particularly important in deciduous and Mediterranean pine forests, but had very little effect on mountain pines.Main conclusionsWe found a generally positive effect of diversity on carbon storage and tree productivity, supported by both complementarity and selection mechanisms. Thus, both functionally diverse forests and functionally important species should be maintained to adequately preserve and promote key ecosystem functions such as carbon storage and tree productivity.
Production of a high‐protein meal and fermentable sugars from defatted soybean meal, a co‐product of the soybean oil industry
Authors: Luján‐Rhenals Deivis , Morawicki Ruben O. , Mendez‐Montealvo Guadalupe , Wang Ya‐Jane 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe goal of this research was to produce a high‐protein meal by treating defatted soybean meal, a by‐product of soybean oil production, with dilute acid. Treatments were a mild hydrolysis at 80 °C with sulphuric acid at concentrations ranging from 0.5% to 2.0% (w/v) and times varying from 1 to 16 h that were arranged according to a central composite rotatable experimental design. The end products were an enhanced‐protein meal and a carbohydrate concentrate of fermentable and nonfermentable sugars. The highest protein content rise, from 48% to 58%, was for treatments with concentrations of acid ranging between 1.2% and 1.7% and times between 1.0 and 2.6 h. The maximum yield of fermentable sugar was 21.0% d.b. at 2.0% H2SO4 and treatments of at least 6 h. The conditions that provide a highest protein and sugar contents were the treatments with concentrations of sulphuric acid ranging from 0.9 to 1.9% H2SO4 for 1–4 h.
Can the sprouting process applied to wheat improve the contents of vitamins and phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of the flour?
Authors: Žilić Slađana , Basić Zorica , Hadži‐Tašković Šukalović Vesna , Maksimović Vuk , Janković Marijana , Filipović Milomir 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe content of tocopherols, B vitamins, as well as free soluble, soluble conjugated and insoluble bound phenolic compounds was determined in untreated, steeped and sprouted wheat grains. Antioxidant capacity of whole wheat grains and their phenolic fractions was also evaluated. Sprouting significantly increased the levels of tocopherols, niacin, riboflavin, as well as free and bound phenolic compounds improving nutritional value and antioxidant capacity of wheat grains/flour. After sprouting for 5 days, the content of total phenolics, flavonoids and ferulic acid calculated as the sum of its fractions was increased by 9.9, 30.7 and 21.6%, respectively. The content of α‐, β+γ‐ and δ‐tocopherols was increased for 3.59‐fold, 2.33‐fold and 2.61‐fold respectively, while the content of niacin, as predominant B vitamin, was increased for 1.19‐fold after sprouting. The total antioxidant capacity of untreated, steeped and sprouted whole wheat grains was 19.44, 20.37 and 22.70 mmol Trolox Eq/kg, respectively. Sprouted wheat, as a rich source of bioavailable phytochemicals, should be used to improve the nutritional quality of food.
Sunitinib‐related interstitial pneumonia after treatment with temsirolimus: A case of possible recall phenomenon
Authors: Kushima Hisako , Ishii Hiroshi , Kadota Jun‐ichi 
Published: October 2013

Abstract: A 55‐year‐old Japanese man was admitted to Oita University Hospital (Oita, Japan) for pyrexia, malaise and dyspnea, and abnormal shadows on chest radiographs. He had started receiving sunitinib (37.5 mg a day for 3 weeks, followed by a 3‐week break before beginning the next dosing cycle) for metastatic renal cell carcinoma after the improvement of temsirolimus‐induced interstitial pneumonia. Sunitinib is a multiple tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and the most common clinical adverse effects of sunitinib are diarrhea, mucositis, stomatitis, hypertension, rashes and altered taste. We herein report a rare case of sunitinib‐related interstitial pneumonia after treatment with temsirolimus for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. This case suggests the possibility of recall phenomenon of drug‐induced pneumonia during the administration of additional chemotherapy.