bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population-based data from the Swedish Colon Cancer Registry
Authors: Kodeda K , Nathanaelsson L , Jung B , Olsson H , Jestin P , Sjövall A , Glimelius B , Påhlman L , Syk I 
Published: May 2013

Abstract

Background
Evaluating the external validity of clinical trials requires knowledge not only of the study population but also of a relevant reference population. The main aim of this study was to present data from a large, contemporary, population-based cohort of patients with colonic cancer.

Methods
Data on patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2011 were extracted from the Swedish Colon Cancer Registry. The data, registered prospectively in a national population of almost 10 million, included over 99 per cent of all diagnosed adenocarcinomas of the colon.

Results
This analysis included 18 889 patients with 19 526 tumours (3·0 per cent had synchronous tumours). The sex distribution was fairly equal, and the median age was 74·1 (interquartile range 65–81) years. The overall and relative (cancer-specific) survival rates after 3 years were 62·7 and 71·4 per cent respectively. Some 88·0 per cent of the patients were operated on, and 83·8 per cent had tumours resected. Median blood loss during bowel resection was 200 (mean 311) ml, and the median operating time was 160 min; 5·6 per cent of the procedures were laparoscopic. Preoperative chemotherapy was administered to 2·1 per cent of patients; postoperative chemotherapy was planned in 90·1 per cent of fit patients aged less than 75 years with stage III disease. In patients operated on in an emergency setting (21·5 per cent), the preoperative evaluation was less extensive, the proportion of R0 resections was lower, and the outcomes were poorer, in both the short and long term.

Conclusion
These population-based data represent good-quality reference points.
Ultrafast Energy Transfer in Triptycene‐Grafted Bodipy Scaffoldings
Authors: Bura Thomas , Nastasi Francesco , Puntoriero Fausto , Campagna Sebastiano , Ziessel Raymond 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA series of new compounds in which various Bodipy dyes are grafted logically on triptycene rigid structures are synthesized and characterized, and their absorption spectra and photophysical properties are studied, also by pump‐probe transient absorption spectroscopy. The studied compounds are: the mono‐Bodipy species TA, TB, and TC (where A, B, and C identify different Bodipy subunits absorbing and emitting at different wavelengths), the multichromophore species TA3, which bears three identical A subunits, and the three multichromophoric species TAB, TBC, and TABC, all of them containing at least two different types of Bodipy subunits. The triptycene moiety plays the role of a rigid scaffold, keeping the various dyes at predetermined distances and allowing for a three‐dimensional structural arrangement of the multichromophoric species. The absorption spectra of the multichromophoric Bodipy species are essentially additive, indicating that negligible inter‐chromophoric interaction takes place at the ground state. Luminescence properties and transient absorption spectroscopy indicate that a very fast (on the picosecond time scale) and efficient photoinduced energy transfer occurs in all the multi‐Bodipy species, with the lower‐energy Bodipy subunits of each multi‐Bodipy compounds playing the role of an electronic energy collector. In TAB, an energy transfer from the A‐type Bodipy subunit to the B‐type one takes place with a rate constant of 1.6×1010 s−1, whereas in TBC an energy transfer from the B‐type Bodipy subunit to the C‐type subunit is bi‐exponential, exhibiting rate constants of 1.7×1011 and 1.9×1010 s−1; the possible presence of different conformers with different donor–acceptor distances in this bichromophoric species is proposed to cause the bi‐exponential energy‐transfer process. Interpretation of the intricate energy‐transfer pathways occurring in TABC is made with the help of the processes identified in the bichromophoric compounds. In all cases, the measured energy‐transfer rate constants agree with a Förster mechanism for the energy‐transfer processes.
CuI‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Synthesis of Aminoindolizines from Aldehydes, Amines, and Alkynes under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Pan Changming , Zou Jianping , Zeng Runsheng 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA direct and efficient approach to 1‐aminoindolizines through three‐component one‐pot reaction of heteroaryl aldehydes, secondary amines and terminal alkynes catalyzed by CuI under solvent‐free conditions has been developed. This methodology provides a rapid access to substituted aminoindolizines with good yields (up to 97%).
Continuous Detection of pH‐responsive Drug Delivery System in Cells in situ by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy
Authors: Sun Yang , Ran Zhipeng , Tang Hongyan , Li Yong , Song Wenshuang , Ren Qingguang , Yang Wuli , Kong Jilie 
Published: May 2013

AbstractMesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) were coated by pH‐responsive polymer chitosan‐poly (methacrylic acid) (CS‐PMAA). This nano drug delivery system showed good application prospects and the polymer‐coated microspheres were promising site‐specific anticancer drug delivery carriers in biomedical field. A continuous detection of pH‐responsive drug delivery system in cells in situ, utilizing MSN/CS‐PMAA composite microspheres, was proposed. Two kinds of different cell lines, tumor cell line (Hela) and normal somatic cells (293T), were used to investigate the behaviours of the drug loaded system in the cells. Conclusions could be drawn from the fluorescent images obtained by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), modified drug‐loaded microspheres (MSN/CS‐PMAA) were ingested into cells more easily, the uptake of DOX@FITC‐MSN/CS‐PMAA by HeLa/293T cells were performed at pH 7.4/pH 6.8, DOX was released during the ingestion process, fluorescence intensity decreased with time because of efflux transport and photo‐bleaching. Fluoresence detection by flow cytometry was performed as comparison. The continuous fluorescent observation in situ could be widely used in the pH‐responsive releasing process of drug delivery system in the cells.
Highly Efficient Low Melting Mixture Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,8‐Dioxo‐dodecahydroxanthene Derivatives
Authors: Li Peihe , Ma Feiping , Wang Ping , Zhang Zhanhui 
Published: May 2013

AbstractA low melting citric acid‐urea mixture was found to be a new and effective promoting medium for the environmentally friendly synthesis of 1,8‐dioxo‐dodecahydroxanthene derivatives by condensation of aromatic aldehydes and cyclic 1,3‐dicarbobonyl compounds. This deep eutectic solvent acts as both the reaction medium and catalyst, furnishing xanthenediones in high to excellent yields.
Cyclodextrin‐Based Porous Nanocapsules
Authors: Wang Youqing , Han Baohang 
Published: May 2013

AbstractCyclodextrins (CDs) are regarded as one kind of the most important and promising macrocyclic oligosaccharides, which contain hydrophobic internal cavities capable of hosting various guest molecules. CDs are water‐soluble, non‐toxic, commercially available as well as low‐cost. Because of these favorable characteristics, cyclodextrin chemistry has created a great number of interesting works covering different fields, in particular CD‐based porous nanocapsules (CDPNCs). Chemical cross‐linking is an important way developed to prepare CDPNCs. CDPNCs can be obtained using different cross‐linkers and preparation methods, such as homogeneous method, miniemulsion polymerization, and emulsion‐solvent evaporation method. Because of cross‐linking, a three‐dimensional network is built which forms the porous structure in CDPNCs with the cavities of CDs. Attributed to the porous structure, CDPNCs exhibit excellent performances in encapsulation of targeted molecules and realization of controllable release, indicating a promising prospect in applications such as drug delivery systems and environment protection.
Sulfate Binding with a Tripodal Tris(4‐pyridylurea) Receptor
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Yanlei , Wang Jiamin , Ji Liguo , Huang Xiaojuan , Wu Biao 
Published: May 2013

AbstractThe tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (tren)‐based tris(4‐pyridylurea) receptor L has been synthesized and its anion binding properties were studied. The ligand forms a 2:1 (host/guest) complex with MgSO4, [SO42−⊂L2], in which a sulfate ion is encapsulated by six urea groups from the two ligands through multiple hydrogen bonds. The metal ions do not coordinate to the pyridyl groups but exist as the hydrate [Mg(H2O)6]2+ and interact with the [SO4⊂L2] capsules in the outer coordination sphere to form a three dimensional extended structure. The anion binding behavior of ligand L in solution was studied.
Metastatic non–clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with targeted therapy agents: Characterization of survival outcome and application of the International mRCC Database Consortium criteria
Authors: Kroeger Nils , Xie Wanling , Lee Jae‐Lyn , Bjarnason Georg A. , Knox Jennifer J. , MacKenzie Mary J. , Wood Lori , Srinivas Sandy , Vaishamayan Ulka N. , Rha Sun‐Young , Pal Sumanta K. , Yuasa Takeshi , Donskov Frede , Agarwal Neeraj , Kollmannsberger Christian K. , Tan Min‐Han , North Scott A. , Rini Brian I. , Choueiri Toni K. , Heng Daniel Y.C. 
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUNDThis study aimed to apply the International mRCC Database Consortium (IMDC) prognostic model in metastatic non–clear cell renal cell carcinoma (nccRCC). In addition, the survival outcome of metastatic nccRCC patients was characterized.METHODSData on 2215 patients (1963 with clear‐cell RCC [ccRCC] and 252 with nccRCC) treated with first‐line VEGF‐ and mTOR‐targeted therapies were collected from the IMDC. Time to treatment failure (TTF) and overall survival (OS) were compared in groups with favorable, intermediate, and poor prognoses according to IMDC prognostic criteriaRESULTSThe median OS of the entire cohort was 20.9 months. nccRCC patients were younger (P < .0001) and more often presented with low hemoglobin (P = .014) and elevated neutrophils (P = .0001), but otherwise had clinicopathological features similar to those of ccRCC patients. OS (12.8 vs 22.3 months; P < .0001) and TTF (4.2 vs 7.8 months; P < .0001) were worse in nccRCC patients compared with ccRCC patients. The hazard ratio for death and TTF when adjusted for the prognostic factors was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.19‐1.67; P < .0001) and 1.54 (95% CI, 1.33‐1.79; P < .0001), respectively. The IMDC prognostic model reliably discriminated 3 risk groups to predict OS and TTF in nccRCC; the median OS of the favorable, intermediate, and poor prognosis groups was 31.4, 16.1, and 5.1 months, respectively (P < .0001), and the median TTF was 9.6, 4.9, and 2.1 months, respectively (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSAlthough targeted agents have significantly improved the outcome of patients with nccRCC, for the majority survival is still inferior compared with patients with ccRCC. The IMDC prognostic model reliably predicts OS and TTF in nccRCC and ccRCC patients. Cancer 2013;119:2999—3006. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
Calretinin inputs are confined to motoneurons for upward eye movements in monkey
Authors: Zeeh Christina , Hess Bernhard J. , Horn Anja K.E. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTMotoneurons of extraocular muscles are controlled by different premotor pathways, whose selective damage may cause directionally selective eye movement disorders. The fact that clinical disorders can affect only one direction, e.g., isolated up‐/downgaze palsy or up‐/downbeat nystagmus, indicates that up‐ and downgaze pathways are organized separately. Recent work in monkey revealed that a subpopulation of premotor neurons of the vertical eye movement system contains the calcium‐binding protein calretinin (CR). With combined tract‐tracing and immunofluorescence, the motoneurons of vertically pulling eye muscles in monkey were investigated for the presence of CR‐positive afferent terminals. In the oculomotor nucleus, CR was specifically found in punctate profiles contacting superior rectus and inferior oblique motoneurons, as well as levator palpebrae motoneurons, all of which participate in upward eye movements. Double‐immunofluorescence labeling revealed that CR‐positive terminals lacked the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐synthesizing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase, which is present in inhibitory afferents to all motoneurons mediating vertical eye movements. Therefore, CR‐containing afferents are considered to be excitatory. In conclusion, a strong CR input is confined to motoneurons mediating upgaze, which derive from premotor pathways mediating saccades and smooth pursuit, but not from secondary vestibulo‐ocular neurons in the magnocellular part of the medial vestibular nucleus. The functional significance of CR in these connections is unclear, but it may serve as a useful marker to locate upgaze pathways in the human brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3154–3166, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conditional viral tracing reveals that steroidogenic factor 1‐positive neurons of the dorsomedial subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamus project to autonomic centers of the hypothalamus and hindbrain
Authors: Lindberg Daniel , Chen Peilin , Li Chien 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTExcitation of neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), especially those residing in the dorsomedial part of the nucleus (VMHdm), evokes sympathetic nervous system (SNS) outflow, modulating a number of physiological functions including feeding and blood glucose homeostasis. However, the anatomical basis of VMH‐mediated SNS activation has thus far proved elusive. To understand how VMH neurons exercise output functions and describe an anatomical link between these neurons and the SNS, we identified downstream neural targets of the VMHdm by injecting an adenoviral vector encoding Cre recombinase (Cre)‐regulated farnesylated green fluorescent protein (GFPf) into the VMHdm of mice that express Cre in neurons expressing the VMH‐specific transcription factor steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1). We confirm previously described projection patterns of the VMHdm and report the existence of a formerly unidentified projection pathway to a number of autonomic centers in the brainstem. These VMH efferents travel caudally through the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and then ventrally through the lateral lemniscus to the ventral surface of the brain, where they eventually reach caudal autonomic centers including the C1 catecholamine cell group of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), where VMH efferents make close contacts with catecholaminergic neurons. We also found that VMHdm fibers reach a number of brainstem areas, including the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), which are important in regulating respiration. Thus, the present study indicates that the VMH may modulate sympathetic and autonomic activity via synaptic contacts in the RTN, NTS, and RVLM and provides significant anatomical evidence to support a role of the VMH in respiratory regulation. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3167–3190, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Amygdala projections to the lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the macaque: Comparison with ventral striatal afferents
Authors: deCampo Danielle M. , Fudge Julie L. 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTThe lateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTL) is involved in mediating anxiety‐related behaviors to sustained aversive stimuli. The BSTL forms part of the central extended amygdala, a continuum composed of the BSTL, the amygdala central nucleus, and cell columns running between the two. The central subdivision (BSTLcn) and the juxtacapsular subdivision (BSTLJ) are two BSTL regions that lie above the anterior commissure, near the ventral striatum. The amygdala, a heterogeneous structure that encodes emotional salience, projects to both the BSTL and ventral striatum. We placed small injections of retrograde tracers into the BSTL, focusing on the BSTLcn and BSTLJ, and analyzed the distribution of labeled cells in amygdala subregions. We compared this to the pattern of labeled cells following injections into the ventral striatum. All retrograde results were confirmed by anterograde studies. We found that the BSTLcn receives stronger amygdala inputs relative to the BSTLJ. Furthermore, the BSTLcn is defined by inputs from the corticoamygdaloid transition area and central nucleus, while the BSTLJ receives inputs mainly from the magnocellular accessory basal and basal nucleus. In the ventral striatum, the dorsomedial shell receives inputs that are similar, but not identical, to inputs to the BSTLcn. In contrast, amygdala projections to the ventral shell/core are similar to projections to the BSTLJ. These findings indicate that the BSTLcn and BSTLJ receive distinct amygdala afferent inputs and that the dorsomedial shell is a transition zone with the BSTLcn, while the ventral shell/core are transition zones with the BSTLJ. J. Comp. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3191–3216, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The contribution of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptors to adult motor neuron survival in vivo is specific to insult type and distinct from that for embryonic motor neurons
Authors: Lee Nancy , Rydyznski Carolyn E. , Spearry Rachel P. , Robitz Rachel , MacLennan A. John 
Published: May 2013

ABSTRACTExogenous ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) promotes motor neuron (MN) survival following trauma and in genetic models of MN disease. Unconditional disruption of the mouse CNTF receptor α (CNTFRα) gene leads to MN loss, demonstrating a developmental role for endogenous CNTF receptor signaling. These data also suggest that CNTF receptors may promote adult MN survival and that appropriately manipulating the receptors could effectively treat adult MN disorders. This effort would greatly benefit from a better understanding of the roles played by CNTF receptors in adult MNs. We have previously found that adult onset disruption of CNTFRα in facial MNs of “floxed CNTFRα” mice by AAV‐Cre vector injection leads to significantly more MN loss than in identically treated controls. While indicating that CNTF receptors can promote adult MN survival, the data did not distinguish between potential roles in MN maintenance versus roles in protecting MNs from the injection associated trauma or the toxicity of the chronic Cre recombinase (Cre) produced by the AAV‐Cre. Here we used an inducible Cre gene construct to produce adult‐onset CNTFRα disruption in facial MNs without the traumatic and toxic effects of the AAV‐Cre procedure. The MNs survive without CNTFRα, even when challenged by facial nerve crush or the injection‐associated trauma, thereby suggesting, in conjunction with our previous study, that endogenous CNTF receptor signaling can protect MNs against toxic insult, such as that produced by chronic Cre. The data also indicate that in vivo CNTF receptors play very different roles in adult and embryonic MNs. J. Comp. Neurol. 521:3217–3225, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phenological indices of avian reproduction: cryptic shifts and prediction across large spatial and temporal scales
Authors: Gullett Philippa , Hatchwell Ben J. , Robinson Robert A. , Evans Karl L. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractClimate change‐induced shifts in phenology have important demographic consequences, and are frequently used to assess species' sensitivity to climate change. Therefore, developing accurate phenological predictions is an important step in modeling species' responses to climate change. The ability of such phenological models to predict effects at larger spatial and temporal scales has rarely been assessed. It is also not clear whether the most frequently used phenological index, namely the average date of a phenological event across a population, adequately captures phenological shifts in the distribution of events across the season. We use the long‐tailed tit Aegithalos caudatus (Fig. 1) as a case study to explore these issues. We use an intensive 17‐year local study to model mean breeding date and test the capacity of this local model to predict phenology at larger spatial and temporal scales. We assess whether local models of breeding initiation, termination, and renesting reveal phenological shifts and responses to climate not detected by a standard phenological index, that is, population average lay date. These models take predation timing/intensity into account. The locally‐derived model performs well at predicting phenology at the national scale over several decades, at both high and low temperatures. In the local model, a trend toward warmer Aprils is associated with a significant advance in termination dates, probably in response to phenological shifts in food supply. This results in a 33% reduction in breeding season length over 17 years – a substantial loss of reproductive opportunity that is not detected by the index of population average lay date. We show that standard phenological indices can fail to detect patterns indicative of negative climatic effects, potentially biasing assessments of species' vulnerability to climate change. More positively, we demonstrate the potential of detailed local studies for developing broader‐scale predictive models of future phenological shifts.
MHCclassIIB diversity in blue tits: a preliminary study
Authors: de Aguilar Juan Rivero‐ , Schut Elske , Merino Santiago , Martínez Javier , Komdeur Jan , Westerdahl Helena 
Published: May 2013

AbstractIn this study, we partly characterize major histocompatibility complex (MHC) classIIB in the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus). A total of 22 individuals from three different European locations: Spain, The Netherlands, and Sweden were screened forMHCallelic diversity. TheMHCgenes were investigated using bothPCR‐based methods and unamplified genomicDNAwith restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and southern blots. A total of 13 different exon 2 sequences were obtained independently fromDNAand/orRNA, thus confirming gene transcription and likely functionality of the genes. Nine out of 13 alleles were found in more than one country, and two alleles appeared in all countries. Positive selection was detected in the region coding for the peptide binding region (PBR). A maximum of three alleles per individual was detected by sequencing and theRFLPpattern consisted of 4–7 fragments, indicating a minimum number of 2–4 loci per individual. A phylogenetic analysis, demonstrated that the blue tit sequences are divergent compared to sequences from other passerines resembling a differentMHClineage than those possessed by most passerines studied to date.
Controlled Synthesis of Polyoxopalladates, and Their Gas‐Phase Fragmentation Study by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lin Zhengguo , Wang Bo , Cao Jie , Chen Baokuan , Xu Chong , Huang Xianqiang , Fan Yanxuan , Hu Changwen 
Published: May 2013

AbstractTwo new polyoxopalladates Na2H3[Pd12(μ3‐SeO3)8(μ4‐O)6(μ3‐O)2Cr]·25H2O (1) and Na8H7[Pd12(μ3‐SeO3)8(μ4‐O)8In]3·24H2O (2) have been synthesized by using Cr3+ and In3+ ions as structural directing agents. The two polyoxopalladates have been characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SXRD), FTIR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis (EA), ESI‐MS, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Detailed SXRD analysis combined with the ESI‐MS and a collision‐induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation study shows that the coordination configurations of the central ions are different; this affects the stability and fragmentation mechanism of the clusters in the gas phase. This approach may help us to understand the dissociation chemistry and the catalysis mechanism of polyoxopalladates.
Organic and Organometallic Derivatives of Propargylallene: Syntheses, Structures, Reactivity and Rearrangements
Authors: McGlinchey Michael J. , Hopf Henning 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPropargylallenes offer the varied reactivity patterns of two different multiple bond linkages either separately or in concert. Their syntheses, structures, rearrangement mechanisms and synthetic utility are reviewed, together with their behaviour when treated with transition‐metal reagents such as gold(I), silver(I), platinum metals or metal carbonyls.