bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the physicochemical properties, sensory profile and consumer acceptability of beetroot dark chocolate
Authors: Kongor John Edem , Owusu Margaret , de Pascual‐Teresa Sonia , Álvarez Maria Dolores , Kyei‐Baffour Vincent Owusu , Oduro‐Yeboah Charlotte , Tortoe Charles 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe incorporation of functional food ingredients in chocolate that seek to eliminate, if not completely, most of the added sugar content, as well as the use of alternative chocolate production techniques, have gained popularity in recent years. This study aimed to incorporate red beetroot powder into dark chocolate and investigate the effect of red beetroot powder concentration and processing time in a melanger on the physicochemical properties, sensory profile and consumer acceptability of beetroot dark chocolate.RESULTSThe addition of red beetroot powder increased the moisture content, particle size distribution and hardness of the chocolates, while the opposite was true for processing time with no effect on the colour. Except for taste, which had an average score of 3.2 ± 1.8 on the 7‐point hedonic scale, consumers scored all the other sensory attributes of the chocolates above 4.0. Among the chocolates with red beetroot powder, samples with a 15% red beetroot powder addition had a high average overall acceptability score of >5, while the 30% sample scored <4.CONCLUSIONRed beetroot powder can be used to replace sugar in dark chocolate without affecting its physicochemical properties, sensory profile or consumer acceptability. However, the target market should be considered when determining the level of red beetroot powder incorporation in terms of chocolate taste. This research has the potential to improve the overall health‐promoting properties of dark chocolate by eliminating added sugar (partially or completely). It would also help to diversify beetroot utilization, allow small‐scale processors to venture into chocolate production and expand the small‐scale chocolate value chain. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A type of multigrid method for semilinear elliptic problems based on symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method
Authors: Chen Fan , Cui Ming , Zhou Chenguang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis article introduces a new kind of multigrid approach for semilinear elliptic problems, which is based on the symmetric interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin (SIPDG) method. We first give an optimal error estimate of the SIPDG method for the problem. Then, we design a type of multigrid method, which is called the multilevel correction method, and derive a priori error estimates. The primary idea of this method is to take the solution of the semilinear problem and utilize it to establish a sequence of solutions for associated linear boundary value problem on discontinuous finite element spaces and a newly defined low dimensional augmented subspace. Lastly, numerical experiments are offered to confirm the suggested method's precision and effectiveness.
Radiation recall reaction induced by gemcitabine/docetaxel in children: A retrospective study on risk factors and outcomes
Authors: Larrosa Cristina , Mico Soraya , Ramos Mónica , Perez‐Jaume Sara , Sánchez Mónica , Castañeda Alicia , Garraus Moira , Mora Jaume 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionRadiation recall reaction (RRR) is a rare inflammatory reaction developing in a previously irradiated field after a triggering agent. In pediatric patients, it is poorly understood and deficiently studied. Gemcitabine–docetaxel (G/D) in childhood cancer is mainly used as a salvage regimen for sarcomas. We aim to describe RRR triggered by G/D in children.Patients and methodsRetrospective review of 21 patients receiving G/D along with radiotherapy at two hospitals from 2010 until 2022. RRR was considered as any toxicity occurring after G/D administration in a previously irradiated field. RRR features were described. Fisher's and Mann–Whitney tests were utilized to analyze the risk factors involved.ResultsSixteen episodes of RRR developed in 16 (76.2%) patients. RRR mainly involved deep layers of the skin (58%) and occurred predominantly after two G/D cycles. The mean time between radiotherapy and chemotherapy was 28.5 days (0–1359 days), and the mean radiation volume 391 mL (157–1810 mL) for RRR. RRR treatment was mainly systemic steroids, with partial responses in six of 11 (58%) patients. Re‐exposure to G/D was associated with a high rate of recurrence in nine of 15 (56.2%), prompting drug discontinuation. The major risk factors for RRR after G/D include, without statistical significance, a larger volume of the irradiated field and a shorter interval between chemotherapy and radiotherapy.ConclusionsThe incidence of RRR after G/D in the pediatric population is higher than previously reported. Drug re‐exposure is usually followed by recurrence. Higher irradiated volumes and a shorter time to the start of chemotherapy could be related with an increased risk of RRR.
Reliability, usability, and efficiency of video versus print instructions to teach parents a procedural task: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Mancini Athena , Wong Gina , Bastas Denise , Dong Larry , Brandão Leonardo R. , Mukaj Sindi , Vincelli Jennifer , Amiri Nour , Avila M. Laura 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the reliability, usability, and efficiency of video versus print instructions to teach parents a procedural measurement task. We hypothesized that videos would outperform print in all outcomes.Study designThis cross‐sectional study included parents/caregivers of children aged 0–18 years with deep vein thrombosis attending the Thrombosis Clinic at The Hospital for Sick Children for post‐thrombotic syndrome (PTS) assessment. Participants were randomly assigned to three instruction types: (i) video, which followed the technique used by clinicians; (ii) long pamphlet, which also followed the clinicians’ technique; and (iii) short pamphlet, which explained a simplified technique. After measuring their children's arms or legs using the randomly assigned material, participants completed a usability questionnaire. The reliability of the instructions was estimated by comparing parents/caregivers versus clinicians’ measurements using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Reliability, usability, and efficiency (time to task completion) were compared among the three instruction types.ResultsIn total, 92 participants were randomized to video (n = 31), long pamphlet (n = 31), and short pamphlet (n = 30). While the video had the highest usability, the short pamphlet was the most reliable and efficient. ICCs were .17 (95% confidence interval [CI]: .00–.39) for the video, .53 (95% CI: .30–.72) for the long pamphlet, and .70 (95% CI: .50–.81) for the short pamphlet.ConclusionAlthough the video had higher usability, the short/simplified print instruction was more reliable and efficient. However, the reliability of the short pamphlet was only moderate/good, suggesting that whenever possible, measurements should still be obtained by trained clinicians.
Data acquisition approaches for single cell proteomics
Authors: Ghosh Gautam , Shannon Ariana E. , Searle Brian C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSingle‐cell proteomics (SCP) aims to characterize the proteome of individual cells, providing insights into complex biological systems. It reveals subtle differences in distinct cellular populations that bulk proteome analysis may overlook, which is essential for understanding disease mechanisms and developing targeted therapies. Mass spectrometry (MS) methods in SCP allow the identification and quantification of thousands of proteins from individual cells. Two major challenges in SCP are the limited material in single‐cell samples necessitating highly sensitive analytical techniques and the efficient processing of samples, as each biological sample requires thousands of single cell measurements. This review discusses MS advancements to mitigate these challenges using data‐dependent acquisition (DDA) and data‐independent acquisition (DIA). Additionally, we examine the use of short liquid chromatography gradients and sample multiplexing methods that increase the sample throughput and scalability of SCP experiments. We believe these methods will pave the way for improving our understanding of cellular heterogeneity and its implications for systems biology.
Torsional influences on cross‐conjugated thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene photochromes
Authors: Adams Nicholas P. , Tovar John D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPhotoresponsive conjugated polymers are a promising target for modern organic electronics. Numerous photoswitchable repeat units have been included covalently within polymeric structures to enable responsive chromic materials, most commonly through side‐chain appendages or through formal conjugation along a π‐conjugated backbone. We recently disclosed a new design whereby the photoswitch elements are cross conjugated to a conjugated polymer main chain. In this case, we found that the extent of photoconversion was dictated in part by competitive main chain light absorption, which could be suppressed by using a photoswitching motif that carried most of the frontier molecular orbital densities. Here, we report the modeling and synthesis of a series of thieno[3,4‐b]thiophene (TT)‐based photochromes with various aromatic flankers imparting varying degrees of steric bulk and π‐conjugation in order to elucidate the balancing act between steric and electronic factors to promote photochromism. These model systems provide a better understanding of the behavior of photochromic units within extended oligomeric and polymeric π‐conjugated materials.
Automated Poisson regression exposure–response analysis for binary outcomes with PoissonERM
Authors: Wang Yuchen , Fostvedt Luke , Wojciechowski Jessica , Irby Donald , Nicholas Timothy 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
PoissonERM is an R package used to conduct exposure–response (ER) analysis on binary outcomes for establishing the relationship between exposure and the occurrence of adverse events (AE). While Poisson regression could be implemented with glm(), PoissonERM provides a simple way to semi‐automate the entire analysis and generate an abbreviated report as an R markdown (Rmd) file that includes the essential analysis details with brief conclusions. PoissonERM processes the provided data set using the information from the user's control script and generates summary tables/figures for the exposure metrics, covariates, and event counts of each endpoint (each type of AE). After checking the incidence rate of each AE, the correlation, and missing values in each covariate, an exposure–response model is developed for each endpoint based on the provided specifications. PoissonERM has the flexibility to incorporate and compare multiple scale transformations in its modeling. The best exposure metric is selected based on a univariate model's p‐value or deviance () as specified. If a covariate search is specified in the control script, the final model is developed using backward elimination. PoissonERM identifies and avoids highly correlated covariates in the final model development of each endpoint. Predicting event incidence rates using external (simulated) exposure metric data is an additional functionality in PoissonERM, which is useful to understand the event occurrence associated with certain dose regimens. The summary outputs of the cleaned data, model developments, and predictions are saved in the working folder and can be compiled into a HTML report using Rmd.
Improving inland precipitation forecast in China through data assimilation of microwave temperature sounding data from a three‐orbit constellation
Authors: Huang Yu , Qin Zhengkun , Li Juan , Mao Jiali 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMicrowave temperature sounders onboard polar‐orbiting satellites can provide global observation data twice a day, supplying a large amount of temperature information for global data assimilation and serving as a crucial instrument to improve operational numerical forecasts. However, regional numerical forecasts are still subject to a lack of polar‐orbiting satellite data within regional model domains, and even multiple polar‐orbiting satellites may simultaneously miss measurements. Establishing a three‐orbit observation system of polar‐orbiting satellites is crucial to improve the spatiotemporal coverage of polar‐orbiting satellite data. In this study, we investigate the impact of assimilating microwave temperature sounding data from a three‐orbit constellation on precipitation forecasts in inland China based on the data from the US afternoon‐orbit satellite NOAA‐19, the European morning‐orbit satellite Meteorological Operational satellite‐A and the Chinese early‐morning‐orbit satellite Fengyun‐3E (FY‐3E) launched recently. The research results indicate that there are data gaps at 0600 and 1800 UTC in the East Asian region only for the morning‐orbit and afternoon‐orbit satellite observations. The FY‐3E satellite can provide additional microwave temperature sounding observations over the eastern region of China, thus partially compensating for the gap in polar‐orbiting satellite data in China. Moreover, the additional assimilation of the FY‐3E data can further improve numerical forecasts, effectively adjusting the spatial structure and eastward movement of the weather system, thereby considerably increasing the prediction accuracy of rainfall location and intensity. Rolling‐prediction results show that the data from the three‐orbit constellation provide a stable and notable improvement in precipitation forecasts in inland China, especially for forecasts longer than nine hours and amounts of rainfall below 10 mm. These research findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the assimilation application of polar‐orbiting satellite data in regional numerical forecasts.
A Sporadic Diffuse Multiple Cutaneous Leiomyomatosis Mimicking Plexiform Neurofibromatosis: A Surgical Challenge
Authors: Antakanavar Gajanand M. , Sahoo Bijaylaxmi , Kaur Aneet , Ghiloria Ishu , Jangid Ajay , Shetty Bhavishya 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A 32-year-old male presented with diffuse plaques accompanied by multiple large, painful swellings predominantly distributed over the trunk, face and both upper and lower extremities for 11 years. There was no family history of similar complaints. The histopathological examination (HPE), supplemented with special stains confirmed the diagnosis of cutaneous leiomyoma (CL). The immunohistochemical analysis showed a strong expression of smooth muscle actin. The final diagnosis of sporadic diffuse multiple cutaneous leiomyomatosis was made. This presentation of CL is uncommon and resembled plexiform neurofibroma. The clinical diagnosis of this presentation was challenging. Therefore, HPE combined with special stains aided in confirming this surgically challenging rare tumour. In resource-poor settings regular screening is required for early detection of renal cancer and other associated complications.
Daily external stress, internal stress, dyadic coping, and relationship functioning of Turkish couples during the COVID‐19: A daily diary study
Authors: Tepeli Temiz Zahide , Bilican F. Isil 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStressors arising from the current COVID‐19 pandemic have pernicious effects on relational functioning. However, the systemic transactional model (STM) addresses the buffering role of dyadic coping in couples' relationships. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the possible buffering role of dyadic coping and investigate the negative consequences of external stressors related to the COVID‐19 pandemic and internal stressors on relationship satisfaction and intimacy on within‐ and between‐person levels. Data were collected from 100 couples through daily diary questions over 14 consecutive days. The mean age for females was 32.45 years (SD = 8.11), and for males, it was 34.79 years (SD = 8.79). The findings showed several significant within‐person moderation effects. Specifically, simple slope analysis revealed that the associations between internal stress and relationship satisfaction, and intimacy were positive for both partners who reported particularly more dyadic coping on a given day. Conversely, interaction effect of dyadic coping with external stress has not been found significant on within‐person level. Between‐person effects revealed that dyadic coping buffers the negative association between external stress and relational outcomes and the negative effect of internal stress. The current study expanded the literature of the STM of dyadic coping within the context of an acute external crisis. In line with STM predictions, couples may benefit from interventions focused on enhancing coping strategies to navigate major and minor stressors, especially during significant life challenges, thereby maintaining high relationship quality.
Tailored Magnetic Spatial Confinement with Enhanced Polarization and Magnetic Response for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Li Lixin , Pan Fei , Guo Hongtao , Jiang Haojie , Wang Xiao , Yao Kai , Yang Yang , Yuan Bin , Abdalla Ibrahim , Che Renchao , Lu Wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractFor materials with coexisting phases, the transition from a random to an ordered distribution of materials often generates new mechanisms. Although the magnetic confinement effect has improved the electromagnetic (EM) performance, the transition from random to ordered magnetic confinement positions remains a synthetic challenge, and the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Herein, precise control of magnetic nanoparticles is achieved through a spatial confinement growth strategy, preparing five different modalities of magnetic confined carbon fiber materials, effectively inhibiting magnetic agglomeration. Systematic studies have shown that the magnetic confinement network can refine CoNi NPs size and enhance strong magnetic coupling interactions. Compared to CoNi@HCNFs on the hollow carbon fibers (HCNFs) outer surface, HCNFs@CoNi constructed on the inner surface induce stronger spatial charge polarization relaxation at the interface and exhibit stronger magnetic coupling interactions at the inner surface due to the high‐density magnetic coupling units at the micro/nanoscale, thereby respectively enhancing dielectric and magnetic losses. Remarkably, they achieve a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −64.54 dB and an absorption bandwidth of 5.60 GHz at a thickness of 1.77 mm. This work reveals the microscale mechanism of magnetic confinement‐induced different polarization relaxation and magnetic response, providing a new strategy for designing magnetic materials.
Upscaling Osteoclast Generation by Enhancing Macrophage Aggregation Using Hollow Microgels
Authors: Husch Johanna F.A. , Araújo‐Gomes Nuno , Willemen Niels G.A. , Cofiño‐Fabrés Carla , van Creij Nils , Passier Robert , Leijten Jeroen , van den Beucken Jeroen J. J. P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractOsteoclasts, the bone resorbing cells of hematopoietic origin formed by macrophage fusion, are essential in bone health and disease. However, in vitro research on osteoclasts remains challenging due to heterogeneous cultures that only contain a few multinucleated osteoclasts. Indeed, a strategy to generate homogeneous populations of multinucleated osteoclasts in a scalable manner has remained elusive. Here, the investigation focuses on whether microencapsulation of human macrophages in microfluidically generated hollow, sacrificial tyramine‐conjugated dextran (Dex‐TA) microgels could facilitate macrophage precursor aggregation and formation of multinucleated osteoclasts. Therefore, human mononuclear cells are isolated from buffy coats and differentiated toward macrophages. Macrophages are encapsulated in microgels using flow focus microfluidics and outside‐in enzymatic oxidative phenolic crosslinking, and differentiated toward osteoclasts. Morphology, viability, and osteoclast fusion of microencapsulated cells are assessed. Furthermore, microgels are degraded to allow cell sorting of released cells based on osteoclastic marker expression. The successful encapsulation and osteoclast formation of human macrophages in Dex‐TA microgels are reported for the first time using high‐throughput droplet microfluidics. Intriguingly, osteoclast formation within these 3D microenvironments occurs at a significantly higher level compared to the conventional 2D culture system. Furthermore, the feasibility of establishing a pure osteoclast culture from cell transfer and release from degradable microgels is demonstrated.
Effect of high‐range water reducer and W/C ratio on the fresh and mechanical properties of fiber‐reinforced natural zeolite SCC
Authors: K. Pour Arash , Shirkhani Amir , Noroozinejad Farsangi Ehsan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe present study aims to investigate how the use of high‐range water reducer (HRWR) and variations in water/cement (W/C) ratio affect the properties of self‐consolidating concrete (SCC) while taking into account different proportions of polypropylene fibers (PF) and natural zeolite (NZ). A total of 28 samples were cast and analyzed. PF fractions ranging from 0% to 1.5% by weight were added, along with a substitution of 10% NZ for cement (50 kg/m3). Four W/C ratios (0.30, 0.35, 0.40, and 0.45) were tested, in addition to seven HRWR contents ranging from 5 to 6.5 kg/m3. Various tests were conducted to assess slump, T500, V‐funnel, L‐box, modulus of elasticity, and compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths. Novel models were developed to predict the properties of hardened concrete based on W/C, HRWR, PF, and NZ content. Findings indicated that optimal performance of PF‐reinforced SCC with NZ was achieved when up to 0.75% PF was combined with an HRWR content equivalent to 1.25% of the cement fraction and NZ ratio. Furthermore, the proposed models offer accurate predictions of both fresh and hardened‐state properties of PF‐reinforced SCC with NZ based on W/C and HRWR ratios.
Accelerated external sulfate attack: Improved laboratory methods, considering physical and chemical processes
Authors: Biook Aghazadeh Arian , Mirvalad Sajjad 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe most common and well‐known method for evaluating the sulfate resistance of cement blends is ASTM C1012 procedure. It takes at least 12–18 months to evaluate the results, considering this standard. The present research proposes two supplementary methods to accelerate the sulfate ions penetration into the mortar bars used in ASTM C1012. Both of these two supplementary methods were evaluated by studying mortar samples' expansion, mass change, visual condition, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and XRD. In the first method, a developed device provided an electrical conduction environment for mortar bars made of three cement blends. The results showed that this method produced between 8 and 16 times more expansion considering different studied cement blends. In the second method, mortar bars of seven cement blends were exposed to a devised prior condition under vacuum. Considering the results, this method produced between 2.5 and 9 times more expansion in relation to each cement blend and approach. Additionally, an excellent polynomial correlation was observed between the expansion of new accelerated methods and ASTM C1012 results. It can be concluded that using these accelerated methods as complementary to ASTM C1012 can help to evaluate the sulfate resistance of cement blends in a shorter time period.