bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of the peri‐operative period on cognition in older individuals
Authors: Evered Lisbeth A. , Silbert Brendan , Scott David A. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis review aims to highlight the importance of peri‐operative and longer‐term postoperative cognitive changes and to put them in the context of other cognitive disorders. Cognitive decline is common among the elderly and is impacted by many factors, both known and unknown. Individuals aged 65 years and above comprise the most frequent users of the healthcare system; thus this group is at risk of both cognitive decline associated with ageing, such as mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease, and cognitive disorders associated with surgery and anaesthesia, including delirium and postoperative cognitive dysfunction.Until now research and management of geriatric cognitive disorders has occurred in isolation from peri‐operative medicine and research, such that any overlap between the cognitive disorders has been largely overlooked. Factors contributing to this division include the classification of geriatric cognitive disorders according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) criteria, while cognitive disorders associated with the peri‐operative period are largely research diagnoses.Given the large overlap between individuals at risk of cognitive decline (those aged 65 or above) and individuals exposed to surgery and anaesthesia, consideration of the role of the peri‐operative period in geriatric cognitive disorders is imperative. Recent work investigating postoperative cognitive dysfunction has identified baseline cognitive function as a more significant predictor of further decline than increasing age, suggesting that preoperative cognitive trajectory may be the most important factor in determining postoperative decline. Both animal and human data provide evidence of a role of inflammation in cognitive decline, although this area requires further research to definitively identify associations and possible therapeutic strategies.Given the ageing population and the associated healthcare costs of caring for an increasing number of individuals suffering cognitive decline, any insults that exacerbate this problem need to be avoided. Understanding the overlap between geriatric and postoperative cognitive disorders is essential to ensure appropriate healthcare management of the elderly.
Early development of Calanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus
Authors: Jung‐Madsen Signe , Nielsen Torkel Gissel 
Published: March 2015

AbstractEgg and nauplii development of coexisting populations of Calanus glacialis and C. finmarchicus from Disko Bay, western Greenland, were measured in the laboratory with, and without addition of food. Egg hatching rate was measured at five temperatures from 0°C to 10°C and the fit to a Belěhrádek equation was highly significant (r2 > 0.99). There was little difference between hatching and development rates of the two species; however, the egg hatching rate at low temperatures was faster than predicted from measurements made in other areas. Also, nauplii development times at 0°C were similar, with C. glacialis and C. finmarchicus reaching nauplii stage N6 after 44 d and 48 d, respectively. The laboratory‐reared nauplii could be separated accurately to species by stage and length alone. However, separation by size was not possible for the in situ community of nauplii where the influence of food, temperature, and size‐dependent predation mortality, made the size distribution more variable and overlapping.
Microbial respiration in the euphotic zone at Station ALOHA
Authors: Martínez‐García Sandra , Karl David M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMeasurements of the temporal and vertical variability of microbial community respiration (MCR) in the euphotic zone (0–200 m) at Station ALOHA were made using the in vivo INT method to constrain oxygen and carbon cycling at this oceanic site. Mean ( ± 1 SE) MCR was higher in the upper (0–100 m) (0.89 ± 0.05 mmol O2 m−3 d−1) than in the lower (100–200 m) portion of the euphotic zone (0.52 ± 0.05 mmol O2 m−3 d−1). Respiration in the 0.8 μm size‐fraction relative to respiration in the 0.2–0.8 μm size‐fraction was on average 1.4 ± 0.1. Variability in MCR was observed on both daily and monthly time scales, suggesting that respiration is a dynamic process throughout the year at Station ALOHA. MCR in the 0.2–0.8 μm size fraction was more variable than > 0.8 μm MCR. Despite significant vertical and temporal variability in MCR, the euphotic zone depth‐integrated (0–200 m) MCR was relatively constant (134.8 ± 11.8 mmol O2 m−2 d−1) throughout the period of observation. Oxygen consumption via MCR always exceeded O2 production extrapolated from 14C‐primary production estimation, assuming a photosynthetic quotient of 1.13 mol O2 produced : mol CO2 fixed. MCR plus particulate carbon export from the euphotic zone for the period November 2011–October 2012 at Station ALOHA can be used to set a lower limit of ∼ 45 mol C m−2 yr−1 for gross primary production.
Degradation of microstructure and mechanical properties in martensitic cast steel after ageing
Authors: Golański G. , Zieliński A. , Zieliński‐Lipiec A. 
Published: March 2015

The paper presents the results of research carried out to investigate the influence of ageing on the degree of microstructure degradation and mechanical properties of martensitic GX12CrMoVNbN9‐1 (GP91) cast steel. The tests were performed on GP91 cast steel after heat treatment (as – received condition) and ageing at times to 20,000 hours at the temperature of 600 °C. In the as‐received condition, the microstructure of the examined cast steel was a microstructure of lath tempered martensite with numerous precipitates. In the microstructure not only the retained lath substructure of martensite was observed, but also the areas of polygonized ferrite. After the process of ageing, in the microstructure of the examined cast steel, the following was observed: advanced processes of recovery and polygonization of the matrix, revealed by the disappearance of lath microstructure of martensite in favor of the polygonized microstructure of ferrite, large precipitations of Laves phase, and single CrNbN particles. The changes running in the microstructure of GP91 cast steel contributed to an insignificant decrease in the strength properties on the level of maximum 5% and around 70% decrease in the impact energy KV, compared to the as‐received condition. Considerable fall of impact energy KV, in comparison with other properties, should be mostly associated with the precipitation of Laves phase on the boundaries of grains, but it is also influenced by the precipitation of M23C6 carbides and the disappearance of lath microstructure of martensite.
Automatic extraction of three‐dimensional thoracic aorta geometric model from phase contrast MRI for morphometric and hemodynamic characterization
Authors: Volonghi Paola , Tresoldi Daniele , Cadioli Marcello , Usuelli Antonio M. , Ponzini Raffaele , Morbiducci Umberto , Esposito Antonio , Rizzo Giovanna 
Published: March 2015

PurposeTo propose and assess a new method that automatically extracts a three‐dimensional (3D) geometric model of the thoracic aorta (TA) from 3D cine phase contrast MRI (PCMRI) acquisitions.MethodsThe proposed method is composed of two steps: segmentation of the TA and creation of the 3D geometric model. The segmentation algorithm, based on Level Set, was set and applied to healthy subjects acquired in three different modalities (with and without SENSE reduction factors). Accuracy was evaluated using standard quality indices. The 3D model is characterized by the vessel surface mesh and its centerline; the comparison of models obtained from the three different datasets was also carried out in terms of radius of curvature (RC) and average tortuosity (AT).ResultsIn all datasets, the segmentation quality indices confirmed very good agreement between manual and automatic contours (average symmetric distance < 1.44 mm, DICE Similarity Coefficient > 0.88). The 3D models extracted from the three datasets were found to be comparable, with differences of less than 10% for RC and 11% for AT.ConclusionOur method was found effective on PCMRI data to provide a 3D geometric model of the TA, to support morphometric and hemodynamic characterization of the aorta. Magn Reson Med 75:873–882, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A SEmi‐Adiabatic matched‐phase spin echo (SEAMS) PINS pulse‐pair for B1‐insensitive simultaneous multislice imaging
Authors: Feldman Rebecca E. , Islam Haisam M. , Xu Junqian , Balchandani Priti 
Published: March 2015

PurposeSimultaneous multislice (SMS) imaging is a powerful technique that can reduce image acquisition time for anatomical, functional, and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging. At higher magnetic fields, such as 7 Tesla, increased radiofrequency (RF) field inhomogeneity, power deposition, and changes in relaxation parameters make SMS spin echo imaging challenging. We designed an adiabatic 180° Power Independent of Number of Slices (PINS) pulse and a matched‐phase 90° PINS pulse to generate a SEmi‐Adiabatic Matched‐phase Spin echo (SEAMS) PINS sequence to address these issues.MethodsWe used the adiabatic Shinnar Le‐Roux (SLR) algorithm to generate a 180° pulse. The SLR polynomials for the 180° pulse were then used to create a matched‐phase 90° pulse. The pulses were sub‐sampled to produce a SEAMS PINS pulse‐pair and the performance of this pulse‐pair was validated in phantoms and in vivo.ResultsSimulations as well as phantom and in vivo results, demonstrate multislice capability and improved B1‐insensitivity of the SEAMS PINS pulse‐pair when operating at RF amplitudes of up to 40% above adiabatic threshold.ConclusionThe SEAMS PINS approach presented here achieves multislice spin echo profiles with improved B1‐insensitivity when compared with a conventional spin echo. Magn Reson Med 75:709–717, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long duration of stressful homework as a potential obesogenic factor in children: A QUALITY study
Authors: Michaud Isabelle , Chaput Jean‐Philippe , O'Loughlin Jennifer , Tremblay Angelo , Mathieu Marie‐Eve 
Published: March 2015

ObjectiveTo examine for the first time whether stressful mental tasks are associated with an unfavorable anthropometric profile in children.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis was undertaken in 511 children. A complete anthropometric profile was assessed, and children reported their homework duration and the presence/absence of stress related to schoolwork. Accelerometers and questionnaires provided the other profile of lifestyle components.ResultsHomework duration was not related to adiposity indicators in children not stressed by schoolwork. In boys stressed by schoolwork, significantly higher total and trunk body fat percentages were obtained in the high versus low duration of homework group. No difference in adiposity indicators was present in boys not stressed by schoolwork and in girls. A reduced activity level and an increased screen time partly mediated the relationship between homework and anthropometric profiles.ConclusionsBoys with a high workload of homework, when combined with the presence of schoolwork‐related stress, have unfavorable adiposity indicators. This study suggests that more attention should be paid to stressful mental work as a potent risk factor for obesity.
Epidermal closure regulates histolysis during mammalian (Mus) digit regeneration
Authors: Simkin Jennifer , Sammarco Mimi C. , Dawson Lindsay A. , Tucker Catherine , Taylor Louis J. , Van Meter Keith , Muneoka Ken 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMammalian digit regeneration progresses through consistent stages: histolysis, inflammation, epidermal closure, blastema formation, and finally redifferentiation. What we do not yet know is how each stage can affect others. Questions of stage timing, tissue interactions, and microenvironmental states are becoming increasingly important as we look toward solutions for whole limb regeneration. This study focuses on the timing of epidermal closure which, in mammals, is delayed compared to more regenerative animals like the axolotl. We use a standard wound closure device, Dermabond (2‐octyl cyanoacrylate), to induce earlier epidermal closure, and we evaluate the effect of fast epidermal closure on histolysis, blastema formation, and redifferentiation. We find that fast epidermal closure is reliant upon a hypoxic microenvironment. Additionally, early epidermal closure eliminates the histolysis stage and results in a regenerate that more closely replicates the amputated structure. We show that tools like Dermabond and oxygen are able to independently influence the various stages of regeneration enabling us to uncouple histolysis, wound closure, and other regenerative events. With this study, we start to understand how each stage of mammalian digit regeneration is controlled.
Word Detectives
Authors: Goodwin Amanda P. , Perkins Jennifer 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis study describes an intervention that uses morphology to support word learning within comprehension instruction of content‐specific texts. The intervention is detailed such that the morphological understandings used to support word choice and word learning activities are clear and can be replicated by researchers and educators. Six main components that contributed to the intervention's success were identified including teaching students about comprehension strategies; teaching students about morphological problem‐solving (i.e., word‐solving); having students read and code use of strategies within text; sharing of main understandings on a visual; reinforcing learning through games; and including closure that reviewed and applied learning to different academic domains. This learning was fit within research‐based comprehension strategy instruction and also within the Common Core Standards movement. Implications for instruction and research are shared.
Considering Community Psychology Competencies: A Love Letter to Budding Scholar‐Activists Who Wonder if They Have What It Takes
Authors: Langhout Regina Day 
Published: March 2015

AbstractRecently, community psychologists have re‐vamped a set of 18 competencies considered important for how we practice community psychology. Three competencies are: (1) ethical, reflexive practice, (2) community inclusion and partnership, and (3) community education, information dissemination, and building public awareness. This paper will outline lessons I—a white working class woman academic—learned about my competency development through my research collaborations, using the lens of affective politics. I describe three lessons, from school‐based research sites (elementary schools serving working class students of color and one elite liberal arts school serving wealthy white students). The first lesson, from an elementary school, concerns ethical, reflective practice. I discuss understanding my affect as a barometer of my ability to conduct research from a place of solidarity. The second lesson, which centers community inclusion and partnership, illustrates how I learned about the importance of “before the beginning” conversations concerning social justice and conflict when working in elementary schools. The third lesson concerns community education, information dissemination, and building public awareness. This lesson, from a college, taught me that I could stand up and speak out against classism in the face of my career trajectory being threatened. With these lessons, I flesh out key aspects of community practice competencies.
Dietary Fenofibrate Reduces Hepatic Lipid Deposition by Regulating Lipid Metabolism in Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Exposed to Waterborne Zn
Authors: Zheng Jia‐Lang , Luo Zhi , Hu Wei , Pan Ya‐Xiong , Zhuo Mei‐Qing 
Published: March 2015

AbstractFenofibrate is known to possess lipid‐lowering effects by regulation of gene transcription involved in lipid metabolism. Waterborne Zn exposure induces lipid deposition in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Thus, the present working hypothesis is that dietary fenofibrate addition will reduce hepatic lipids in yellow catfish exposed to waterborne Zn. To this end, juvenile yellow catfish were exposed to 0.04 (control), 0.35 mg/L waterborne Zn, 0.15 % dietary fenofibrate, and 0.35 mg Zn/l + 0.15 % dietary fenofibrate for 8 weeks. Growth performance, lipid deposition and metabolism in the liver were determined. Dietary fenofibrate promoted growth performance and reduced hepatic lipid content of yellow catfish exposed to waterborne Zn. However, these effects did not appear in fish in normal water. The lipid‐lowering effect of fenofibrate on fish exposed to waterborne Zn was associated with increased lipolysis, as indicated by increased CPT I activities and expression of lipolytic genes PPARα, CPT IA, ATGL and HSL, and with reduced lipogenesis as indicated by reduced activities of G6PD, 6PGD, ME and ICDH. Dietary fenofibrate significantly increased mRNA levels of FAS, LPL and ACCα, but reduced mRNA levels of ACCβ and PPARγ in fish exposed to waterborne Zn. Pearson correlations between transcriptional factors expression, and activities and expression of several enzymes were observed, indicating that changes at the molecular and enzymatic levels may underlie the patterns of lipid metabolism and accordingly affect hepatic fat storage. Taken together, our results suggest that the lipid‐lowering effect of fenofibrate was attributed, in part, to the down‐regulation of lipogenesis and up‐regulation of fatty acid oxidation.
Protective effect of antioxidants on DNA damage in leukocytes from X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy patients
Authors: Marchetti Desirèe P. , Donida Bruna , da Rosa Helen T. , Manini Paula R. , Moura Dinara J. , Saffi Jenifer , Deon Marion , Mescka Caroline P. , Coelho Daniella M. , Jardim Laura B. , Vargas Carmen R. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractToxic metabolites accumulation and oxidative stress have been associated to the pathophysiology of X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X‐ALD), an inborn error of peroxisome metabolism. Parameters of oxidative damage to proteins and lipids in X‐ALD patients were already described in literature; however, DNA injuries were not studied yet. Considering that, the aims were to investigate DNA damage by comet assay in heterozygotes and symptomatic X‐ALD patients, to look for associations between DNA damage and lipid peroxidation as measured by urinary 15‐F2t‐isoprostane; and to evaluate the in vitro effect of N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine (NAC), trolox (TRO) and rosuvastatin (RSV) on DNA damage in leukocytes from symptomatic patients. Symptomatic patients presented higher DNA damage levels than those found in heterozygotes and controls; heterozygotes and controls showed similar results. In order to investigate the in vitro antioxidant effect on DNA damage, whole blood cells from symptomatic patients were incubated with NAC (1 and 2.5 mM), TRO (25 and 75 μM) and RSV (0.5, 2 and 5 μM) before DNA damage analysis. NAC, TRO and RSV, at all tested concentrations, were all capable to reduce DNA damage in symptomatic X‐ALD patients until control levels. Finally, DNA damage correlated with urinary isoprostanes and plasmatic levels of TBA‐RS and DCFH‐DA, allowing to hypothesize that DNA damage might be induced by lipid peroxidation in symptomatic patients. The present work yields experimental evidence that NAC, TRO and RSV reduce the in vitro DNA injury in symptomatic X‐ALD patients, what may suggest that the administration of these antioxidants might be considered as an adjuvant therapy for X‐ALD.
Application of mobile phones in epilepsy care
Authors: Ranganathan Lakshmi , Aadhimoolam Chinnadurai Somasundaram , Samivel Balasubramanian , Kesavamurthy Bhanu , Mehndiratta Man Mohan 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the applications of mobile phones in the day to day care of epileptic patients as a diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic tool.
Methods Detailed search of various mobile applications in the field of epileptology was made in MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS and corresponding developer websites of mobile applications were also looked into regarding their technical specifications and user friendliness.
Results A plethora of apps are available across various mobile platforms especially Android, iOS and Windows. Careful selection and application of such apps by both the healthcare providers, the epileptic patients and their caregivers with proper understanding of their potential benefits as well as limitations will result in better diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of epilepsy.
Conclusion The field of medicine is rapidly inculcating advanced cutting edge technologies for better diagnosis of diseases and better targeted therapy to such diseases. Hi tech electronic gadgets, in particular, are now becoming part and parcel of patient care in many specialties. The advent of the modern portable computers has revolutionised almost every specialty. The field of mobile technology is advancing with a break neck pace, with increase in mobile subscribers, advanced handsets practically like digital personal assistants with advanced capabilities. The possibilities of using such rapidly evolving mobile technology in the field of medicine are endless. This article explores such possibilities in the field of epileptology after analysing the current and existing applications of mobile phones in care of the epileptic patients worldwide.
A case of paroxysmal nocturnal dystonia responsive to cyproheptadine: Is it almost always epileptic?
Authors: Sayadnasiri Mohammad 
Published: March 2015

AbstractNocturnal Paroxysmal Dystonia (NPD) is characterized by abnormal dyskinetic movements occur mostly during non-REM sleep. From introducing NPD in early 1980s, most authors have been in favour of an epileptic origin for these sleep-related episodes. Clinical characteristics of NPD including abrupt hypermotor behaviours, automatisms and vocalizations, abnormal EEG findings in some patients and therapeutic response to anti-epileptic drugs persuade clinicians to accept NPD as sleep-related epilepsy with frontal lobe origin but it seems this conclusion may not be true in all cases. We present a young adult patient with refractory NPD who responded to antihistamine cyproheptadine and propose an alternative theory to describe NPD according to the basal ganglia dysregulation. So, in such patients, other therapeutic approach should be reasonably sought.
Pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical investigation of Bacopa monnieri L. stem and its anticonvulsant potential in laboratory animals
Authors: Mishra Amrita , Mishra Arun , PrakashTiwari Om , Jha Shivesh 
Published: March 2015

Abstract
Aim The aim of present work was to study the pharmacognostic standardization, physicochemical, phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of the stem of Bacopa monnieri L.
Method Standard method was followed for pharmacognostic, physicochemical, and phytochemical study. For quantitative analysis, HPTLC technique was employed. Maximal electroconvulsive shock (MES) and pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) method was used for anticonvulsant evaluation.
Result Microscopic study of the stem showed presence of epidermis and cortex having large intercellular spaces. The oval shaped starch grains were present in cells of cortex and endodermis. Total ash (5.98%), water-soluble ash (4.91%), acid-insoluble ash (3.96%), water soluble extractive (15.31%) and ethanol soluble extractive (6.74%) values were evaluated for physicochemical evaluations. Quantitative estimation of Bacoside A (marker compound) by HPTLC technique was performed. The linearity (100–600 ng), the % recovery (97.81% w/w) were estimated. The Bacoside A in the alcoholic extract was found to be higher than that of the other extracts. The proposed HPTLC method was found to be simple and accurate. The anticonvulsant activities of all the extracts were evaluated by MES and PTZ models in mice.
Conclusion The least anticonvulsant potential was recorded for acetone extract in dose of 100 mg/kg and maximum anticonvulsant action was recorded for ethanolic extract in dose of 300 mg/kg.