bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microbial Contamination of Dental Unit Waterlines among Dental Clinics of India- An In vitro Study
Authors: Kengadaran Shivashankar , Vikraman Rakshagan , Indumathi K.P , Sundaragopal Arun Kumar , Adiraju Vani Anusha , Anusha Divvi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Dental Unit Water Line (DUWL) deliver water to different handpieces in a dental unit. The water in DUWL circulates in a closed system, where it is taken from a container. The quality of dental water is of considerable importance since patients and dental staff are regularly exposed to water and aerosols generated from dental equipment. Output water from DUWLs may be a potential source of infection for both dental health care personnel and patients.

Aim:
To assess the microbial contamination in the DUWL among dental clinics in Chennai.

Materials and Methods:
An in vitro study was conducted on 60 water samples from 20 dental clinics in Chennai in December 2019. Water samples were collected from three different sources of the Dental unit according to ADA guidelines. The collected samples were assessed for the presence of Aspergillus, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Legionella by agar plate method. The data were analysed using SPSS software version 20.

Results:
Legionella was the most prevalent microorganism with 70% prevalence in a three-way syringe and 50% in scaler and airotor, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter with 10% prevalence in scaler and airotor and Aspergillus with a prevalence of 10% in the three-way syringe.

Conclusion:
Most of the dental units were contaminated with Aspergillus, Legionella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter which pose a serious threat to the patients as well as the dentists.
A Comparison of Preparation Times between Manual, Rotary, and Reciprocating Files in Primary Molar Pulpectomy
Authors: Middleton Ilana , Vorster Martin , van der Vyver Peet J. 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Aim:
To compare preparation times using manual, rotary, and reciprocating files during pulpectomy treatment of primary molars.

Settings and Design:
This study was an in vitro, randomised, cross-sectional study.

Methods:
The study was performed on 60 extracted human primary mandibular second molars. Only mesiobuccal canals were prepared using one of three preparation techniques; each preparation technique group comprised 20 canals. Canal preparations were performed by a single, skilled operator using stainless-steel (ss) K-files (ISO size 20–35), a ProTaper Gold SX file, and a WaveOne Gold Medium file following glide path preparation. Preparation times were recorded in second (s) with a digital stopwatch.

Statistical Analysis:
Preparation times were compared using analysis of variance and the Kruskal–Wallis analysis of variance, where appropriate. The level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:
The mean preparation time using the ss K-files was significantly longer (186.4 s) than when using the ProTaper Gold SX (29.6 s) or WaveOne Gold Medium files (30.5 s) (P < 0.001). Similar preparation times were recorded when using the ProTaper Gold SX and WaveOne Gold Medium files (P = 0.939).

Conclusion:
Preparation times with the ProTaper Gold SX and WaveOne Gold Medium files were significantly faster than when using the ss K-files to prepare primary tooth root canals for pulpectomy. Similar preparation times were noted when using the rotary and reciprocation instrumentation groups (P > 0.05).
Assessment of Phubbing, Smart Phone Addiction and Related Psychological Variables among Dental Undergraduates: A Multicentric Study
Authors: Gijwani Deeksha , Batra Manu , Jindal Aanchal , Vishnupratap Dwivedi R. , Kaur Puneet 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Internet Addiction and phubbing are prevalent disruptive behaviours among students. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between phubbing, smartphone addiction and some of the related psychological effects among dental undergraduates.

Materials and Methods:
A multi-centric cross-sectional pre-validated questionnaire-based study was conducted among undergraduate students of five different dental colleges across India. The questionnaire included the Phubbing Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), Smartphone Application-based Addiction Scale (SABAS), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). The data were analysed with IBM SPSS version 21, followed by a t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Spearmen’s co-relation to find the association between different psychological variables among study subjects.

Results:
The total sample comprise of 1226 with mean age of 22.35. The SABAS showed a higher mean ± standard deviation (SD) score (3.17 ± 0.93). The Phubbing Scale showed a positive correlation with the SABAS (0.658), the results were found to be highly statistically significant (P = 0.01).

Conclusion:
The present study found a higher prevalence of phubbing and smartphone addiction among dental students. Our results showed that impulsiveness leads to internet addiction and thus phubbing is becoming a way to find solace during communication to escape anxiety and distress.
Oral Health Behaviour and its Influence on Oral Health Status and Related Quality of Life among Dental Outpatients - A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Divvi Anusha , Junaid Mohammed , Indumathi K.P , Bhogte Seema Ashwin , Chaly Preetha Elizabeth , Kengadaran Shivashankar 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
This study aimed to predict oral health behaviour (OHB) using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and determine its influence on oral health status and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among subjects attending the outpatient department of a tertiary dental hospital in India.

Methods:
A pre-validated questionnaire was used among 240 randomly selected study subjects to record their demographic details, attitudes (Att), subjective norms (SN) and perceived behaviour control (PBC) with regard to dietary habits (DH), oral hygiene habits (OH) and dental attendance (DA) behaviours. OHRQoL and oral health status of study participants were recorded using Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and World Health Organization (WHO) Oral Health Assessment Form (2013), respectively. Multivariate analysis was performed after the necessary bivariate comparisons.

Results:
Among demographic characteristics, the Socioeconomic status (SES) of the study subjects highly influenced their DH and OH (P < 0.05). DA was largely affected by the age of the study subjects (P < 0.05). While attitude of the study participants greatly affected their DH, PBC largely influenced their OH and DA behaviours (P < 0.05). The OHRQoL and Decayed Missing Filled Teeth (DMFT) levels were strongly influenced by the participants’ DA behaviours (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
DMFT scores and OHRQoL were highly influenced by DA behaviour besides others. DA instead was influenced by PBC. Hence, there needs to be a conscious shift towards strengthening the skills of the population to promote oral health.
Assessment of Perception of Pain with E-Speed Film, CCD Sensor and Photostimulable Phosphor Plates for Intraoral Radiographs in Children using Three Pain Rating Scales
Authors: Juneja Suruchi , Dalvi Shital , Aggarwal Rajni , Sukhija Manish , Singh Sohajpreet , Bansal Shaveta 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Dental radiography is an integral part of intraoral evaluation. Children are often uncomfortable during the placement of film or sensor due to the impingement of the soft tissues. Thus, the perception of pain with three intraoral radiographic methods in children was evaluated using three subjective pain rating scales.

Aim:
To evaluate the discomfort with three different techniques, that is, intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiograph, charge-coupled device (CCD), and photostimulable phosphor (PSP) luminescence (PSPL), using the Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS), numerical rating scale, and visual analog scale (VAS).

Materials and Methods:
A sample of 35 children aged 6–12 years were divided into two groups: group 1 (6–8 years) and group 2 (9–12 years). For each child, simulations of the three radiological methods (IOPA, CCD, and PSPL) were performed. The meaning of each facial expression on the WBFPRS, VAS, and the numbers on the numerical rating scale was explained to each child before the procedure.

Statistical Analysis Used:
A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and paired-samples t-test are used.

Results:
The results revealed that the CCD sensors elicited higher pain scores than those obtained with IOPA and PSPL, whereas the IOPA film showed the least pain score. Higher score values were obtained in group 1 than in group 2, indicating that children aged 6–8 years felt higher discomfort than the 9- to 12-year age group for the same procedure. This difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
It was concluded that conventional IOPA films were tolerated better by children when compared to PSP plates and CCD sensors.
Management of Broken Screw Inside Implant Screw Channel: A Case Report
Authors: Azim Sabrin Ali , Aldrissi Hafsa Ali , Annamma Lovely M. , Warreth Abdulhadi 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Rationale:
This case report outlines a novel prosthodontic approach for managing a broken screw inside an implant screw channel, emphasising the importance of innovative solutions in implant dentistry.

Patient Concerns:
A 57-year-old male patient sought restoration for implant-supported crowns (#46 and #47). A broken screw inside the implant screw channel posed a significant concern for both the patient and the dental team.

Treatment:
Utilising an impression pickup technique of the inner surface of the implant body, a custom titanium abutment was fabricated in the laboratory and restoration was successfully replaced. A follow-up of 6 months was performed, ensuring optimal function and patient satisfaction.

Outcome:
The custom titanium abutment with a zirconia crown was placed, leading to a successful restoration. The patient reported no discomfort, demonstrating improved function and aesthetics.

Take-away Lesson:
This case highlights the effectiveness of tailored prosthodontic interventions in addressing complex implant-related complications.
Maxillomandibular Fusion Along with Fusion of Dorsal Surface of the Tongue to the Hard Palate—A Case Report
Authors: Balaji S. M. , Munnee Krishna , Balaji Preetha , Chellaraj Chris Joseph , Nishanth Sachin , Balaji Varsha Christy Rani 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Rationale:
This case report presents a rare combination of congenital anomalies in an otherwise healthy male infant born at 36 weeks. The infant was diagnosed with congenital maxillomandibular synechia, ectrodactyly, and ankyloglossia superior syndrome (ASS).

Patient Concerns:
Inability to open the mouth completely, feeding challenges, and a cleft palate. The infant was stabilized through successful positive pressure ventilation via a face mask at birth and enteral feeding was initiated via a feeding gastrostomy.

Examination:
Diagnostic tests revealed a midline palatal cleft, hypoplastic jaws, persistent metopic suture, and a bony fusion at the midline.

Treatment:
Sectioning of the bony spur along the midline and achieving a mouth opening of 2 cm post-manipulation. The patient is under follow-up, with future treatment plans including cleft palate correction at 12 months and potential frontomandibular and lower jaw advancement depending on growth trajectories.

Take-away Lessons:
This case underscores the complexity of managing multiple congenital anomalies and the need for individualized treatment plans.
Management of Partially Edentulous Arches Using a Cast Metal Framework with Thermoplastic Denture Base Clasp-Like Extension on Anterior Abutment Teeth – A Case Report
Authors: Mithula MS , Manoj Smita Sara , Varghese Kurien , Ravi Radhika 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Rehabilitation of partially edentulous arches with a cast partial denture is a commonly opted treatment modality where fixed prosthesis is not indicated. However, due to the aesthetic compromise of the various metal components when placed in the esthetic zone, different modifications have been considered for its fabrication. This case report describes a novel way of restoring partially edentulous arches with increased masticatory efficiency and good emergence profile without compromising the patient’s esthetic desires. The report describes an aesthetic alternative using thermoplastic denture base clasp like extension for anterior abutment teeth while restoring the missing teeth with a cast partial denture.
C3PW: A Novel Machine Learning Method for Assessing Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy Outcome in Patients with Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Mani Subramaniyan , Kini Prayaag , Rachakonda Raghunatha Sarma 
Published: June 2024

Background:
Patients with symptomatic moderate-to-severe mitral stenosis (MS) with pliable valves are indicated for percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) typically over a valve replacement based on favorable anatomic characteristics. Currently, this decision is arrived based on Wilkins’ echocardiographic score which is considered to be a simplistic estimate often. In the current work, the authors present a novel machine learning (ML) framework that considers a comprehensive set of clinical and echocardiographic variables to indicate the possible outcome for choosing the transvenous procedure over an invasive surgery.

Methods:
Data considered for this retrospective study included demographic, clinical, and preprocedural echocardiographic variables pertaining to patients with moderate-to-severe MS without significant mitral regurgitation (MR). The success of the procedure was defined by four different postprocedural variables such as the final mitral valve area (MVA), MR, left atrial pressure, and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP). Three data mining tasks highlighting the importance of ML techniques to predict the outcome of the PTMC procedure in patients with MS have been demonstrated. The potential predictive value of the outcome of a PTMC procedure considering a comprehensive set of variables using ML techniques has not been investigated till date according to the authors’ knowledge. Cover coefficient-based clustering power as weights (C3PW), a novel problem transformation technique which deals with the multilabel classes, is proposed to correctly classify the patients having successful PTMC procedure.

Results:
Extreme gradient boosting (XGB), an ML technique, gave the best performance (accuracy: 0.79; F-score: 0.87) on the transformed single-label problem. Application of association rule mining revealed that a combination of the following parameters such as “initial MVA” <1 cm2, “RVSP” <50 mmHg, “valvular calcification” score ≤2, “leaflet mobility” score ≤2, and “normal sinus rhythm” plays a crucial role in determining the success of the PTMC procedure. The identified variables with their indicated ranges having a significant “I-rule” value can be put together as a scoring index to predict the successful outcome.

Conclusions:
A ML-based artificial intelligence tool has been demonstrated to serve as an alternative to the Wilkins score to select patients for a successful PTMC procedure. Of the various models tested, the C3PW approach with XGB algorithm demonstrated the best evaluation metrics. A systematically analyzed ML framework that yields highly interpretable and conclusive findings with high confidence has been demonstrated to be a useful tool in clinical decision-making.
Assessment of the Relationship between High Blood Pressure and the Risk of Prostate Cancer among Patients in South-West, Nigeria
Authors: Chima Sowunmi Anthonia , Samuel Oyerinde Adebowale , Fisayo Asaolu M. , Ibukunoluwa Ayo Ebunolorun 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Prostate cancer is the sixth leading cause of death worldwide. Nonmodifiable and modifiable lifestyle risk factors have been implicated and associated to its development and progression. There is a need to assess and establish the relationship between blood pressure (BP) and the risk of prostate cancer.

Materials and Methods:
This was a multicenter, prospective cross-sectional study of 400 patients at four tertiary hospitals in South-West, Nigeria. Participants were recruited into four arms, namely freshly diagnosed prostate cancer, hypertensive, combined hypertensive with prostate cancer, and control. Anthropometric measurements, BP, and family history were extracted from the case files. Biochemical analyses of venous samples were performed. One-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Duncan test was conducted to determine the difference in the mean BP levels among the four arms.

Results:
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol in hypertensive patients was significantly lower (P ≤ 0.035) when compared with the other arms. Plasma total cholesterol (P < 0.074), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.029), and the mean C-reactive protein (P < 0.017) were significantly high in the hypertensive with prostate cancer group when compared with the other arms. The mean plasma testosterone concentration (P < 0.041) and the plasma calcium levels (P < 0.055) were significantly higher in the control group compared with other arms.

Conclusion:
Virtually, the same parameters were altered in hypertensive, prostate, and hypertensive prostate cancer patients, showing an association between hypertension and prostate cancer, which can be concluded that hypertension may be a predisposing factor to the development of prostate cancer.
Etiology, Clinical Profile, and Outcome of Unprovoked Seizure in Children: A Prospective Observational Study from Eastern India
Authors: Biswal Basudev , Agarwalla Sunil Kumar , Das Monalisa 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Unprovoked seizures in children refer to seizures that occur without an immediate precipitating factor, such as fever, infection, or head injury. These seizures are often a manifestation of an underlying neurological condition and can be indicative of epilepsy if recurrent. Understanding the causes, diagnosis, and treatment options for unprovoked seizures in children is crucial for proper management and care.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective observational study was carried out in the pediatrics department of a tertiary care teaching hospital over a period of 2 years. A total of 85 children aged <14 years were included in this study. All the data related to demography, clinical and laboratory parameters, and treatment outcomes were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and report the data.

Results:
In the present study, 5-10 year age group constituted the majority with male dominance. Generalized seizure was the most common type. The complex partial seizure was common in the remote symptomatic group than in the idiopathic seizure (IS) group. History of febrile seizure was present in <10% of cases. Around 16.5% of cases had developmental delay or mental retardation. Status epilepticus at presentation was seen in 36.37% of cases, and 37.65% were newly diagnosed epilepsy. Neurocysticercosis alone accounted for 14.12% of all cases and euro-tuberculosis alone accounted for 12.94% of all cases of unprovoked seizure. Seizure recurrence was common in the idiopathic group, complex partial seizure type, and those not taking an antiseizure medication (ASM).

Conclusions:
Unprovoked seizure is a common problem in children. IS/cryptogenic seizure is more common than remote symptomatic etiologies. Electroencephalogram and neuroimaging should be done in all cases. Seizure recurrence was common in the idiopathic group, complex partial seizure type, and those not taking an ASM.
Clinical Profile and Outcome of Pediatric Scrub Typhus: A Prospective Observational Study from Eastern India
Authors: Sethy Geetanjali , Das Rashmi Ranjan , Mallick Manas Ranjan , Sahu Satyapriya , Ghoshal Preetam 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Background:
Scrub typhus is a bacterial infection caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected chiggers (larval mites). While scrub typhus can affect individuals of all ages, including children, its clinical presentation and management in children may differ slightly from adults. There is a dearth of studies on pediatric scrub typhus from Eastern India.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective observational study was carried out in the pediatrics department of a tertiary care teaching hospital for 18 months. A total of 64 children aged <14 years were included. All the data related to demography, clinical and laboratory parameters, and treatment outcomes were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and report the data.

Results:
The children affected most commonly belonged to the age group of 5–10 years (53.1%). Males were most commonly affected (61%). Fever was the presenting complaint in all but one case (98.4%). Other common symptoms were headache, vomiting, cough, seizure, and pain abdomen. Hepatomegaly was the most common physical finding seen in 84.4% of cases and Eschar in 75% of cases. Meningitis/encephalitis was the most common complication seen (43.8%). All children responded to the injection doxycycline, but one died (mortality rate 1.6%). Children who were cured did not show any sequelae at discharge.

Conclusions:
This study concludes that scrub typhus is a neglected rickettsial disease prevalent in our country. For timely diagnosis, treatment, and favorable outcome, a high degree of suspicion and knowledge about geographical distribution and clinical manifestations is important. This study can provide clues for primary care physicians to diagnose and treat scrub typhus early.
STRATEGI KUA KECAMATAN BANYUANYAR DALAM PENCEGAHAN PERNIKAHAN DINI
Authors: Rimawati  , Billah Ana 
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the strategic steps of the Banyuanyar District KUA to the community so that early marriage can be prevented by providing prevention efforts either through meetings with the community, especially women who have teenage children, or meetings or socialization to schools so that students understand early marriage. This study is a field study and uses a qualitative approach, and is analyzed descriptively. Data collection obtained directly based on the results of observations and interviews with sources at the location of a case or event being studied which was carried out directly by the researcher. The location of this research was carried out at the Banyuanyar District KUA office, Probolinggo Regency. The results of the study at the Banyuanyar District KUA are strategic steps in an effort to minimize or prevent early marriage which is carried out by providing a letter of rejection of early marriage. The Banyuanyar District KUA provides advice to prospective brides and grooms who are still underage so that there is no increase in early marriage. In implementing it, the KUA of Banyuanyar District provides direct socialization to teenagers in the form of character and mental development and training in order to reduce the high number of early marriages and additional funds are needed from the local government so that there is socialization of early marriage prevention either through the media or meetings in each region or area so that it can reduce or even suppress the number of early marriages.
Keywords: Efforts; Prevention; Early Marriage.