bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P-376 CHILD LABOR IN MOROCCAN LEGISLATION,VIEW OF AN OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICIAN
Authors: Zerrad Imane , Tahri Loubna , Soltani Sara , Asrir Ihsan , Hammal Asmaa , El Kholti Abdeljalil 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Child labor legislation is a major global issue to ensure the protection of the rights of young workers and their healthy development. This work focuses on the contribution of Moroccan legislation on child labor, as well as the role of the occupational physician in the implementation of these laws.

Material and methods
A review of literature concerning Moroccan legislation on child labor. The collection of legal and regulatory data was done through medical articles and the labor code.

Results
This study highlighted that Moroccan legislation prohibits the work of children under 15 and strictly regulates the work of adolescents aged 15 to 18. However, challenges remain in effectively enforcing these laws. International comparison reveals that many countries have similar regulations, but the effectiveness of their enforcement varies considerably.

Discussion
Moroccan legislation on child labor has similarities with that of other countries, but challenges remain regarding its application, following the intervention of socio-economic factors that influence the legislation, hence the role key to the occupational doctor, who ensures the monitoring and promotion of the protection of young workers in accordance with the law, It also plays an essential role in the prevention of child labor by providing information to families and employers on the laws in force

Conclusion
Moroccan child labor legislation has similarities with that of other countries, but challenges remain regarding its enforcement. The occupational doctor is a crucial actor, helping to guarantee respect for the rights of children in the professional context.
P-378 THE CRITICAL ROLE OF THE FRIENDLY ASSOCIATION OF OCCUPATIONAL PHYSICIANS AND ERGONOMICS IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
Authors: El Hadri Mohamed , Kaitouni Omar Idrissi , Marrakchi Mounir , Ghailan Tarik , Amiri Rachid 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The Association is dedicated to promoting professional integrity and providing high-quality training to occupational health physicians. Its primary mission is to safeguard workers’ health in compliance with labor regulations.

Methods
The Association employs diverse methods, including preparing physicians for national qualifications in occupational medicine, participating in labor authority meetings, and representing occupational health physicians at professional events. It frequently organizes roundtable discussions and actively engages in national and regional initiatives to promote occupational medicine. Additionally, it plays an active role in COVID-19 prevention by participating in vaccination, employee monitoring, and using radio and TV to raise awareness. It collaborates closely with the national medical board to address challenges related to practicing occupational medicine in Northern Morocco.

Results
The study’s results underscore the Association’ success in achieving its objectives. It has effectively strengthened bonds among occupational health professionals and represented all associations in Northern Morocco. Active participation in national and international meetings, along with a commitment to occupational medicine and ergonomics training, keeps it at the forefront of occupational health and safety developments. Specific activities, such as preparing physicians for national qualifications, have also been notably successful.

Discussion
Its commendable efforts to strengthen relationships among occupational health professionals, provide quality training, and actively participate in national and international initiatives make it a key player in safeguarding worker health and promoting best practices in occupational medicine.

Conclusion
The Association plays a vital role in advancing worker health and occupational medicine in Northern Morocco.
P-379 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESSES ROLE IN PROMOTING OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH) IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES (LMICS). CASE OF ICOH 2024, MARRAKESH, MOROCCO
Authors: El Kholti Abdeljalil , Kinani Khalil , Wifaq Kamal , Lahlou Driss , Soltani Sara , Tahri Loubna , El Kholti Rim , Omali Asma 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
International congresses (IC) play a crucial role in promoting occupational health worldwide, especially in LMICs. In these regions, where resources and expertise may be limited, and, in most of the time, are scared, IC provides unique opportunities for knowledge exchange, capacity building, and collaboration to improve OSH. What’s the impact of ICOH2024?

Methods
A successful ICOH2024 involves a combination of carefully prepared materials and effective methods in ensuring both scientific and social success of the event, and its effectiveness in promoting OSH.

Results
Here’s an overview of the key

results
Knowledge Sharing, Networking, Policy Development, Capacity Building, Innovation, Multidisciplinary Collaboration, Advocacy and Awareness, Continuing Education, Best Practice Dissemination, Awareness and Advocacy, Global Perspective, Research Advancement, Stakeholder Engagement and Long-Term Impact. Attending ICOH2024 helps participants stay up-to-date with the latest research and practices.

Discussion
The goal of ICOH2024 is to create an engaging and informative environment. Knowledge, collaborations, and relationships established during ICOH2024 can have a lasting impact on OSH. ICOH2024 outcomes can shape policies, practices, and research priorities for years to come.

Conclusion
In LMICs, where resources and expertise may be limited, IC, as ICOH2024, serve as platforms for learning, collaboration, resource sharing, and capacity building. They are essential for addressing the unique challenges faced by LMICs in the realm of OSH. They offer a pathway to contribute to the global efforts in promoting OSH and well-being, and offer opportunities to closing the gaps and work towards enhancing OSH in these regions. This is the goal that MOHA was looking for in organizing ICOH2024.
P-388 ASSESSMENT OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS (MSD) AT THE CUTTING STATION WITHIN A MICROELECTRONICS COMPANY
Authors: Amiry Rachid , Laraqui Omar , Manar Nadia , Deschamps Frédéric , Laraqui Hossini Chakib El Houssine 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
assess the musculoskeletal constraints resulting from carrying out the task at the cutting station.

Method
three methods were used:
- the OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) checklist to detect work situations at risk of MSD of the upper limb. The normal score must be &lt; 5.
- RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) requires analytical observation over several work cycles to select the most frequent and/or most restrictive posture a priori. It takes into account the entire body posture. The acceptable score should be between 1 and 2.
- OREGE (Gesture Identification and Evaluation Tool) aims to evaluate the biomechanical risk factors for MSD of the upper limb. This analytical method makes it possible to evaluate the three risk factors: effort, extreme joint positions and repetitiveness.

Results
The activity consisted of eight phases: verification of batch conformity, input self-check, loading of the machine, start-up of the machine, output self-check, placing the treated batch in a bin, entry into factory works and movement of the filled bin. The score obtained by the OSHA method was 4. The workstation seems suitable since it is &lt; 5. The most restrictive risk factor was the poor posture adopted when retrieving the cases from the machine exit side. The RULA score was equal to 4; job changes were necessary. The OREGE scores indicate that the actions were not recommended or to be avoided and the position must be quickly adapted.

Discussion and conclusion
The company must develop a participatory preventive strategy involving all social partners.
P-395 PREVALENCE OF CONSUMPTION OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF HEALTH CARE WORKERS
Authors: Sekkat Ymane , Manar Nadia , Laraqui Omar , Deschamps Frédéric , Laraqui Hossini Chakib El Houssine 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The prevalence of psychoactive substance is constantly increasing in developing countries, and all occupational sectors are concerned. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of addictive substances consumption (use and misuse) amongst healthcare workers and to appreciate the poly-consumption according to socio-demographic and occupational parameters.

Methods
This epidemiological, observational and cross-sectional self-questionnaire survey, was conducted amongst 2,642 healthcare workers. The questionnaire covered socio-demographic and occupational parameters, toxic habits (tobacco, alcohol, cannabis and others psychotropic substances). The misuse was assessed by specific tests: dependence on smoking tobacco (Fagerstrom), Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT).

Results
The prevalence of consumption was 14.1% for smoking tobacco, 2.6% for cannabis, and 8.5% for alcohol. Amongst consumers, the prevalence of dependence or misuse was 56.5% for smoking tobacco, 53.8% for cannabis and 55% for alcohol. 72% of healthcare worker had no toxic habit, 15.6% one toxic habit, 10.2% two toxic habits, and 2.2% three toxic habits. The most frequent associations were tobacco-OPS (5.1%) and tobacco-alcohol (3.6%).

Discussion
Occupational health physicians have to play a key role in raising awareness and fighting against toxic habits. The preventive approach requires a spirit of cooperation.

Conclusions
It is better accepted and applied since all health workers and their representatives are involved in its development.
P-402 ASSESSMENT OF MUSCULOSKELETAL RISK AT THE CUTTING AND DRILLING STATION FOR METAL PARTS IN A STEELWORKS
Authors: Belhaj Khadija , Manar Nadia , Deschamps Frédéric , Laraqui Chakib 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The objective was to assess the biomechanical and musculoskeletal constraints resulting from carrying out the task using three simple methods.

Method
The operator, aged 28 and right-handed, had 5 years of seniority in the company and 3 years on the job. The working hours were 7:30 a.m. to 12 p.m. and 1:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m.
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) screens for situations likely to be at risk of MSDs of the upper limbs. The normal score is &lt; 5. RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment) requires observation over several work cycles to select the most frequent and/or most restrictive posture a priori. The acceptable score is between 1 and 2. OREGE (Gesture Identification and Evaluation Tool) is an analytical method for evaluating the three risk factors: effort, extreme joint positions and repetitiveness.

Results
OSHA score was = 3; the work did not present a significant risk of MSD of the upper limb. RULA made it possible to select the most frequent and most restrictive posture: taking the metal part from the table on the left to place it at the level of the drilling machine. The total score of 6 requires modifications to the position. According to OREGE, the maximum effort score was 3, therefore low. The repeatability score was 4, therefore average. The score for the extreme joint position was 2 for all actions except for the digital grasp of parts scored at 3 with use of the left shoulder.

Discussion and conclusion
The company must develop a preventive strategy involving all social partners.
O-249 FALL PREVENTION IN FACADE WORKS THROUGH DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF FIT-FOR-PURPOSE TOOLS – HONG KONG EXPERIENCE
Authors: Yau Bonnie , Lau Enoch , Law Toran , Hu Steve , Yeung Winson 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Truss-out Bamboo Scaffold (TBS) is a common type of working platform in Hong Kong used for Repair, Maintenance, Alternation and Addition works at external walls of high-rise buildings. TBS platform is supported by a few I-shape metal brackets temporarily installed at the external wall. Scaffolders usually have to overstretch their upper bodies or even get outside of the window to install anchor bolts to secure metal brackets and construct the TBS platform. Such hazardous work resulted in fatal fallings occasionally.

Results-Discussion
OSHC is attempting to tackle the issue through two low-tech but new methods. First, the design and distribution of a Rapid Demountable Platform (RDP). Second, re-engineering I-shape brackets with improved design. RDP is an aluminum alloy platform assembled from prefabricated parts. During erection and dismantling of RDP, scaffolders just stand inside the apartment or work on a safe working platform with proper guardrails and toe-boards. However, RDPs are only applicable to windows of certain configurations, limiting its wide adoption. Where RDP cannot be applied, TBS platforms have to be erected. The improved I-shape bracket would come in handy. It is more versatile, with alternative anchorage points for adding anchor bolts. The overall vertical length is reduced to eliminate the need for scaffolders to overstretch their bodies. Trial tests for both RDP and improved I-shape bracket revealed promising results.

Conclusion
With the two small but fit-for-purpose “innovations”, workers working on the façade no longer need to work as “Spiderman” and could work safely. Sponsorship schemes were being rolled out to enhance market penetration. Small changes resulted in big safety differences.
P-403 STATUS OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN NEPAL YOUB RAJ BHATTA1, SUNIL KUMAR JOSHI2, RAMESH RAJ PANT1 AND KEDAR RIJAL1 1CENTRAL DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, TU, NEPAL 2DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE, KMC, NEPAL
Authors: Bhatta Youb Raj 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Infrastructure development, especially roads, are indicators in making a crucial contribution to economic development and growth that plays a vital role in national prosperity. This paper aims to explore the status of Occupational Health and Safety in road construction in a Nepalese context.

Methods
A descriptive study piloted in the Prithibi Highway Road sections has been carried out introducing standard questionnaire survey and risk assessment techniques. The survey covered two hundred respondents from different capacities like contractor personnel, engineers and workers.

Results
The study revealed that most of the workers were married males aged between 30-50 years, with secondary-level education and working experience of less than 5 years. Furthermore, 59.2% of respondents were found injured due to work-related accidents. Personal protective equipment was supplied, however, the perception regarding its practices was poor among 60 % of respondents. The respondents’ ratings of training and safety in planning was significant.

Discussion
The field assessment found multiple challenges and gaps in existing road construction. The major challenges arise from the lack of stakeholders’ priority, institutionalization and its arrangement at the field level, facilities available and accessible, monitoring of the performance, behaviour of the workers and coordination among the stakeholders.

Conclusion
The study suggests introducing worksite policies, standard plans, and procedures along with the enhanced capacity of workers; recording and reporting of work-related accidents; cooperation and coordination with concerned stakeholders; monitoring and evaluation; and reviewing the progress to meet social accountability and establish safety culture in road construction in Nepal.
P-404 A PARTNERSHIP APPROACH TO IMPROVE WORK SAFETY IN CONFINED SPACE – HONG KONG EXPERIENCE
Authors: Yeung Winson , Tsui Ray 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
In late 2021, two serious accidents involving work at confined spaces happened in Hong Kong, resulting in three deaths and six injuries.

Methods
To tackle this proactively, OSHC partnered with industry stakeholders and hosted an array of activities to enhance awareness of related hazards and re-build industry’s capacity for safe confined space operations.

Results
Highlights of the activities are the launch of two long-term schemes: a safety sponsorship scheme for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and an accreditation scheme to help enterprises to set up safety management system (SMS). Promotion materials were also developed to remind confined space workers and workers working outside on dos and don’ts during incidents to reduce casualties. Sponsorship scheme covers (1) free safety training and refresher courses for confined space workers and supervisors; (2) financial support to buy gas detectors and dead-man alarm (motion detector); and (3) free consultancy services on use of safety equipment and how to conduct proper risk assessment.

Discussion - Conclusion
Accreditation Scheme further provides enterprises with (1) free consultancy support for developing and implementing SMS; (2) rescue equipment such as safety harnesses, tripods, winches and breathing apparatus; and (3) free accreditation service to validate the SMS so set up. Potential clients/ principals were engaged and persuaded to accord priority in hiring the accredited enterprises to undertake future confined space work who are better equipped to provide relevant service in safe manner. This in turn translates to more business for the accredited enterprises, providing incentive for the trade to join the scheme.
O-251 DEVELOPING INDICATORS TO ASSESS THE STATE AND TRENDS OF OSH AT NATIONAL LEVEL
Authors: Anyfantis Ioannis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
In policy making, indicators are important for monitoring the status, identifying trends and measuring progress against policy objectives and goals.

Methods
A number of OSH performance indicators are needed, to measure and assess the state and development in the main areas of OSH: • occupational hazards and work-related ill-health • prevention in companies, e.g., safety of technologies, internal OSH organisation including indicators for participation and cost-benefit • the performance of the public OSH infrastructure, e.g. collaboration between institutions, quality of enforcement, cost-benefit • the performance of the private OSH infrastructure, e.g. OSH associations, prevention services, etc.

Results
In the proposed methodology, several different sets of indicators are proposed for those areas. These include OSH status-oriented and progress-oriented, benchmarking performance of the OSH system. In this context, thee different sets are defined: ‘Input indicators’ (e.g. resources, legislation status, enforcement), ‘Process indicators’ (e.g. inspections, actions, campaigns), ‘Output indicators’ closely connected to the results of process-related activities (e.g. participants at health promotion meetings, number of trained workers, etc.) and ‘Outcome indicators, (e.g. accident rates, health effects).

Discussion
These could be based either on quantitative or qualitative data currently included in EU-OSHAs OSH Barometer or on further data to be collected. Such a methodological approach calls for global, regional and national level monitoring systems to expand their indicators to include and improve the effectiveness of OSH policies and interventions towards safer and healthier workplaces.

Conclusion
An effective methodological approach is proposed in setting indicators and appropriate data collection, which could improve policy making and effectiveness of OSH systems.
O-252 DEVELOPING A GLOBAL OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MODEL FOR JAPANESE COMPANIES AND ITS EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: KajikiI Shigeyuki , Mori Koji , Kobayashi Yuichi , Hiraoka Kou , Ito Naoto , Tinambunan Endang , Adi Nuri Purwito 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To develop and validate a global occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) model for Japanese companies and report on its effectiveness.

Methods
In cooperation with a Japanese company, we established a research team and gathered information on occupational health and safety (OHS) practices in nine countries where the target company operated manufacturing sites. We then developed a model hypothesis via research team meeting. The model hypothesis was introduced to local factories in Indonesia and Thailand as trial sites. The role of the headquarters, the implementation process, and improvements in OHS practices at each site were evaluated. Based on the results, a global OHSMS model was formalized and implemented globally. In several countries, the effectiveness of this model was verified through performance audits.

Results
The model consisted of both headquarters and field roles. These roles functioned well and OHS in the field was improved. For the headquarters function, two issues were identified: establishment of a reporting system to headquarters and support for upgrading the level of professional personnel. By improving the model hypothesis to address these issues, the model was formalized for global implementation. Several countries that implemented the model showed various improvements related to OHS.

Discussion- Conclusions
The global OHSMS model is based on a methodology relevant to each region, the use of specialized human resources, common goals, and metrics based on minimum requirements of the headquarters. The effectiveness of this model was confirmed as a favorable change in several countries where this model was implemented.
O-253 CONSTITUTING SYNERGTIC INTERPLAY BETWEEN OSH REGULATIONS ADMINSTRATION AND WORK ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Suleiman Abdulqadir Mohamad 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Regulation administration is OSH authorities’ prerogative, while work environment management lies on employers shoulders, seemingly different work areas, with regulation administration as a way to control work environment management. How differently from traditional inspection outcome assessment can regulations enforcement benefit and change work environment management, and improve management strategies and practices?

Method
Cognitive work analysis (CWA), a formative framework focusing on changing behaviour by addressing the work domain constraints, was used to constitute critical interplay between enforcement and management practices. Three of the five dimensions of CWA, i.e. the work domain analysis; activity analysis and strategy analysis were employed. Data from workplace inspections was used together with input from interviews and other interactions with different subject matter experts (workplace inspectors, OSH professionals, workers and workplace management).

Results
Three aspects of critical interplay were identified. The first was effectiveness of workplace inspections viewed from inspectors performance, deviating from the traditional inspections’ outcome analysis which is subject to different external influences without any relevance to the inspections. Secondly, boundaries of work environment management were determined, and finally work environment development decision-making content was established.

Discussion
Building work environment management paradigms from regulations enforcement ensures both compliance and effective work environment management practices, since inspections provide wide empirical foundation on workplace challenges. Addressing constraints allows for effective implementation across work areas in different sectors, yet permitting specificity and dealing with situations unforeseen a priori.

Conclusion
Using CWA effectively provided for comprehension of workplace inspection and work environment management that allowed for constructive work environment management and development.