bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metacrime and Cybercrime: Exploring the Convergence and Divergence in Digital Criminality
Authors: Zhou You , Tiwari Milind , Bernot Ausma , Lin Kai 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe advent of the metaverse has given rise to metacrime, a novel category of criminal activities occurring in the metaverse, which not only challenges conventional digital criminality but existing law enforcement frameworks. To address the scholarship vacancy, this study examines the intersections and distinctions between metacrime and conventional cybercrime by employing a multi-disciplinary literature review and comparative analysis. We identified five shared characteristics between these two crime types: crime classification, continuous evolution, hyper-spatial-temporality (global reach), anonymity, and governance challenges. Crucially, our research highlights the distinct epistemological aspects of metacrime through its criminogenic, victimogenic, etiological, ethical, and regulatory dimensions, exemplified by virtual-to-physical attacks, immersive virtual reality attacks, victimization superrealism, complexities of human-avatar interactivity, excessive misuse of biometric data, increasingly vulnerable populations, and avatars’ liability. Our findings underscore the imperative need for tailored and forward-thinking regulatory responses to address the intricate challenges of metacrime, thereby ensuring the security and integrity of evolving digital environments.
In vivo assessment of the nephrotoxic effects of the synthetic cannabinoid AB-FUBINACA
Authors: Alzu’bi Ayman , Abu-El-Rub Ejlal , Al-Trad Bahaa , Alzoubi Hiba , Abu-El-Rub Hadeel , Albals Dima , Abdelhady Gamal T. , Bader Noor S. , Almazari Rawan , Al-Zoubi Raed M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The widespread misuse of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) has led to a notable increase in reported adverse effects, raising significant health concerns. SCs use has been particularly associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the pathogenesis of SCs-induced AKI is not well-understood.

Methods
We investigated the nephrotoxic effect of acute administration of N-[(1S)- 1-(aminocarbonyl)-2-methylpropyl]-1-[(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (AB-FUBINKA) (3 mg/kg for 5 days) in mice. Various parameters of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis have been quantified. The expressions of mitochondrial complexes (I–V) in renal tissues were also assessed.

Results
Our findings showed that AB-FUBINACA induced substantial impairment in the renal function that is accompanied by elevated expression of renal tubular damage markers; KIM-1 and NGAL. Administration of AB-FUBINACA was found to be associated with a significant increase in the expression of oxidative stress markers (iNOS, NOX4, NOX2, NOS3) and the level of lipid peroxidation in the kidney. The expression of pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-alpha, NF-kB) was also enhanced following exposure to AB-FUBINACA. These findings were also correlated with increased expression of major apoptosis regulatory markers (Bax, caspase-9, caspase-3) and reduced expression of mitochondrial complexes I, III, and IV.

Conclusion
These results indicate that AB-FUBINACA can trigger oxidative stress and inflammation, and activate caspase-dependent apoptosis in the kidney, with these processes being possibly linked to disruption of mitochondrial complexes and could be an underlying mechanism of SCs-induced nephrotoxicity.
The prostate-gland asymmetry affects the 3- and 12-month continence recovery after RARP in patients with small prostate glands: a single center study
Authors: Di Bello Francesco , Morra Simone , Fraia Agostino , Pezone Gabriele , Polverino Federico , Granata Giuliano , Collà Ruvolo Claudia , Napolitano Luigi , Ponsiglione Andrea , Stanzione Arnaldo , La Rocca Roberto , Balsamo Raffaele , Creta Massimiliano , Imbriaco Massimo , Imbimbo Ciro , Longo Nicola , Califano Gianluigi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractTo test the impact of the prostate-gland asymmetry on continence rates, namely 3- and 12-month continence recovery, in prostate cancer (PCa) patients who underwent robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Within our institutional database, RARP patients with complete preoperative MRI features and 12 months follow-up were enrolled (2021–2023). The population has been stratified according to the presence or absence of prostate-gland asymmetry (defined as the presence of median lobe or side lobe dominance). Multivariable logistic regression models (LRMs) predicting the continence rate at 3 and 12 months after RARP were fitted in the overall population. Subsequently, the LRMs were repeated in two subgroup analyses based on prostate size (≤ 40 vs > 40 ml). Overall, 248 consecutive RARP patients were included in the analyses. The rate of continence at 3 and 12 months was 69 and 72%, respectively. After multivariable LRM the bladder neck sparing approach (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.68–6.09, p value < 0.001) and BMI (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.97, p = 0.006) were independent predictors of recovery continence at 3 months. The prostate-gland asymmetry independently predicted lower continence rates at 3 (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13–0.83, p = 0.02) and 12 months (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.10–0.90, p = 0.03) in patients with prostate size ≤ 40 ml. The presence of prostate lobe asymmetry negatively affected the recovery of 3- and 12-months continence in prostate glands ≤ 40 mL. These observations should be considered in the preoperative planning and counseling of RARP patients.
Manual and automatic assignment of two different Aβ40 amyloid fibril polymorphs using MAS solid-state NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Rodina Natalia , Sarkar Riddhiman , Tsakalos Dimitrios , Suladze Saba , Niu Zheng , Reif Bernd 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAmyloid fibrils from Alzheimer’s amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ) are found to be polymorphic. So far, 14 Aβ40 fibril structures have been determined. The mechanism of why one particular protein sequence adopts so many different three-dimensional structures is yet not understood. In this work, we describe the assignment of the NMR chemical shifts of two Alzheimer’s disease fibril polymorphs, P1 and P2, which are formed by the amyloid-beta peptide Aβ40. The assignment is based on 13C-detected 3D NCACX and NCOCX experiments MAS solid-state NMR experiments. The fibril samples are prepared using an extensive seeding protocol in the absence and presence of the small heat shock protein αB-crystallin. In addition to manual assignments, we obtain chemical shift assignments using the automation software ARTINA. We present an analysis of the secondary chemical shifts and a discussion on the differences between the manual and automated assignment strategies.
LandslideSegNet: an effective deep learning network for landslide segmentation using remote sensing imagery
Authors: Şener Abdullah , Ergen Burhan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn recent years, remote sensing technologies have played a crucial role in the detection and management of natural disasters. In this context, deep learning models are of great importance for the early detection of natural disasters such as landslides. Landslide segmentation is a fundamental tool for the development of geographic information systems, natural disaster management and risk mitigation strategies. In this study, we propose a new semantic segmentation model called LandslideSegNet to improve early intervention capabilities for potential landslide scenarios. LandslideSegNet incorporates an encoder-decoder architecture that integrates local and contextual information, advanced encoder-decoder residual blocks and Efficient Hybrid Attentional Atrous Convolution. Thanks to this structure, the model is able to extract high-resolution feature maps from remote sensing imagery, accurately delineate the landslide areas and minimize the loss of contextual information. The developed LandslideSegNet model has shown significantly higher accuracy rates with fewer parameters compared to existing image segmentation models. The model was trained and tested using the Landslide4Sense dataset specially prepared for landslide detection. LandslideSegNet achieved an accuracy of 97.60% and 73.65% mean Intersection over Union of 73.65 on this dataset, demonstrating its efficiency. These results indicate the potential usability of the model in landslide detection and related disaster management applications.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary healthcare practitioners in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review on genetics
Authors: Walters Sarah , Aldous Colleen , Malherbe Helen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIndividualised treatment, including genetic services, calls for an increased role of primary healthcare practitioners (pHCPs) in diagnosing and caring for individuals with genetic conditions. PHCPs' genetics knowledge and practices must be current to ensure adequate care. A scoping review was conducted to explore peer-reviewed articles on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) of pHCPs concerning genetics, genetic testing, and genetic services. English-language human genetics/genomics articles published between January 1990 and April 2022 in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) were included. Twenty-eight articles from 16 LMICs in five World Health Organisation (WHO)-defined regions met the inclusion criteria and showed a steady increase in publications, with varied contributions by region. The Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) contributed the most articles (n = 8), while the Western Pacific Region (WPR) had the least (n = 2). Brazil published the most articles (n = 6), while ten countries contributed one article each. Fifteen articles included knowledge, 19 included attitudes towards genetics, and eight included genetic practices. The findings indicate that pHCPs in LMICs lack knowledge of genetics and its applications despite their positive outlook towards genetic services. Barriers such as limited resources, financial constraints, and cultural or religious beliefs hinder access to genetic services. Enhancing pHCPs' genetics education is vital for improving care for those affected by genetic conditions. The scarcity of literature in LMICs emphasises the need for research on educational interventions to improve patient outcomes and family support.
Quantum Hybrid Diffusion Models for Image Synthesis
Authors: De Falco Francesca , Ceschini Andrea , Sebastianelli Alessandro , Le Saux Bertrand , Panella Massimo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we propose a new methodology to design quantum hybrid diffusion models, derived from classical U-Nets with ResNet and Attention layers. Specifically, we propose two possible different hybridization schemes combining quantum computing’s superior generalization with classical networks’ modularity. In the first one, we acted at the vertex: ResNet convolutional layers are gradually replaced with variational circuits to create Quantum ResNet blocks. In the second proposed architecture, we extend the hybridization to the intermediate level of the encoder, due to its higher sensitivity in the feature extraction process. In order to conduct an in-depth analysis of the potential advantages stemming from the integration of quantum layers, images generated by quantum hybrid diffusion models are compared to those generated by classical models, and evaluated in terms of several quantitative metrics. The results demonstrate an advantage in using hybrid quantum diffusion models, as they generally synthesize better-quality images and converges faster. Moreover, they show the additional advantage of having a lower number of parameters to train compared to the classical one, with a reduction that depends on the extent to which the vertex is hybridized.
Recommendations for the optimal use of bone forming agents in osteoporosis
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Briot Karine , Guañabens Nuria , Albergaria Ben Hur , Alokail Majed , Al-Daghri Nasser , Bemden Angie Botto-van , Bruyère Olivier , Burlet Nansa , Cooper Cyrus , Curtis Elizabeth M. , Ebeling Peter R. , Halbout Philippe , Hesse Eric , Hiligsmann Mickaël , Camargos Bruno Muzzi , Harvey Nicholas C. , Perez Adolfo Diez , Radermecker Régis Pierre , Reginster Jean-Yves , Rizzoli René , Siggelkow Heide , Cortet Bernard , Brandi Maria Luisa 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBone forming agents, also known as anabolic therapies, are essential in managing osteoporosis, particularly for patients at very high-risk of fractures. Identifying candidates who will benefit the most from these treatments is crucial. For example, this group might include individuals with severe osteoporosis, multiple vertebral fractures, a recent fragility fracture or those unresponsive to antiresorptive treatments. Definitions of patients with a very high fracture risk vary across nations, are often based on fracture history, bone mineral density (BMD), and/or fracture risk calculated by FRAX® or other algorithms. However, for very high-risk patients, anabolic agents such as teriparatide, abaloparatide, or romosozumab are commonly recommended as first-line therapies due to their ability to stimulate new bone formation and improve bone microarchitecture, offering significant benefits in rapid fracture reduction over antiresorptive therapies. The cost-effectiveness of these agents is a critical consideration for decision-makers. Despite their higher costs, their effectiveness in significantly reducing fracture risk and improving quality of life can justify the investment, especially when long-term savings from reduced fracture rates and associated healthcare costs are considered. Additionally, after completing a course of anabolic therapy, transitioning to antiresorptive agents like bisphosphonates or denosumab is crucial to maintain the gains in bone density and minimize subsequent fracture risks. This sequential treatment approach ensures sustained protection and optimal resource utilization. In summary, the effective use of bone forming agents in osteoporosis requires a comprehensive strategy that includes accurate patient identification, consideration of cost-effectiveness, and implementation of appropriate sequential treatments, ultimately maximizing patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency.
Associations of 24-hour movement behaviors with depressive symptoms in rural-dwelling older adults: a compositional data analysis
Authors: Zhao Tong , Liu Rui , Han Qi , Han Xiaolei , Ren Juan , Mao Ming , Lu Jie , Cong Lin , Wang Yongxiang , Tang Shi , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
We aimed to explore the association of sleep duration with depressive symptoms among rural-dwelling older adults in China, and to estimate the impact of substituting sleep with sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) on the association with depressive symptoms.

Methods
This population-based cross-sectional study included 2001 rural-dwelling older adults (age ≥ 60 years, 59.2% female). Sleep duration was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. We used accelerometers to assess SB and PA, and the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale to assess depressive symptoms. Data were analyzed using restricted cubic splines, compositional logistic regression, and isotemporal substitution models.

Results
Restricted cubic spline curves showed a U-shaped association between daily sleep duration and the likelihood of depressive symptoms (P-nonlinear < 0.001). Among older adults with sleep duration < 7 h/day, reallocating 60 min/day spent on SB and PA to sleep were associated with multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.78–0.84) and 0.79 (0.76–0.82), respectively, for depressive symptoms. Among older adults with sleep duration ≥ 7 h/day, reallocating 60 min/day spent in sleep to SB and PA, and reallocating 60 min/day spent on SB to PA were associated with multivariable-adjusted OR of 0.78 (0.74–0.84), 0.73 (0.69–0.78), and 0.94 (0.92–0.96), respectively, for depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
Our study reveals a U-shaped association of sleep duration with depressive symptoms in rural older adults and further shows that replacing SB and PA with sleep or vice versa is associated with reduced likelihoods of depressive symptoms depending on sleep duration.
Correlates and Barriers of Exercise, Stress, and Wellness in Medical Students
Authors: Deisz McKayla , Papproth Cassie , Ambler Emily , Glick Margaret , Eno Cassie 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMedical students report higher stress and increased mental illness than peers of similar age. Burnout and depression among medical students and physicians have also been correlated with increased risk of medical errors and decreased importance of altruistic values, such as providing care to medically underserved populations. This study works to analyze the effects of exercise, nutrition, sleep, and other factors affecting wellness and performance of medical students, as well as identifying barriers to exercise and possible solutions. A survey was distributed to medical students in the Midwest to evaluate exercise habits, dietary intake, sleep, and other factors affecting wellness. An investigation of the correlation of variables and comparison of year in school for the variables was conducted. Satisfaction with social relationship and performance in school correlated with exercise, stress, and sleep variables. Several variables, including satisfaction with exercise, social life, and performance in school, showed significant differences based on year in school. No significant findings were noted between students from the various medical institutions at which the survey was distributed regarding satisfaction with exercise, academic performance, social life, personal relationships, hours spent in clerkship/class, hours spent studying, and stress. Students tended to have higher satisfaction with school and social relationships if they engaged in exercise more often, exercised with greater intensity, and slept better. Students identified barriers to exercise including cost, availability, and lack of time. Potential solutions include a workout facility in school buildings/hospitals, allocated wellness periods for exercise, and a more consistent schedule.
Welche Effekte hatte die COVID-19-Pandemie auf Grundlegende Bildungsangebote zur Lern- und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung?
Authors: Kantreiter J. , Meyer S. , Elting C. , Lenzgeiger B. , Jung J. , Lohrmann K. 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDie COVID-19-Pandemie stellte Lehrkräfte vor die Herausforderung, unter veränderten Rahmenbedingungen Angebote zur Lern- und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung zu gestalten. Während auf der Wirkungsseite negative Effekte der Pandemie belegt sind, ist unklar, welche Angebote zur Lern- und Persönlichkeitsentwicklung während der Pandemie gemacht wurden, ob diese von „Normalbedingungen“ (schulische und unterrichtliche Rahmenbedingungen jenseits gesellschaftlicher Krisen) abwichen und welche Einflussfaktoren maßgeblich waren. In der vorliegenden quantitativen retrospektiven Längsschnittstudie wurden N = 330 Grundschullehrkräfte befragt, wie häufig sie unter Pandemie- und „Normalbedingungen“ Angebote zur Lernentwicklung im Sachunterricht und zur Persönlichkeitsentwicklung machten. Aus Strukturgleichungsmodellierungen geht hervor, dass v. a. das Ausmaß der Angebote unter „Normalbedingungen“ maßgeblich für die Gestaltung unter Pandemiebedingungen war. Diskutiert werden Implikationen für Aufholmaßnahmen, Professionalisierung, Mindeststandards und die empirische Erfassung normativ-theoretischer Ansprüche Grundlegender Bildung.
Adsorption of congo red from aqueous solution using rice husk, calcined kaolin clay, and microwaved rice husk clay hybrid
Authors: Ige Abimbola O. , Ogunsile Babatunde O. , Ore Odunayo T. , Olawade David B. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe present study focused on the comparative efficiency of rice husk (RH), calcined kaolin clay (CKC), and microwave rice husk clay hybrid (MRHCH) in the adsorption of congo red (CR) from aqueous solution. The rice husk was locally sourced and pulverized, the kaolin clay was calcined at 650 °C for two hours, while the rice husk clay hybrid was generated by microwave-impregnating an equal mixture of RH and CKC for 15 min at a medium temperature. The resulting adsorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to evaluate their surface morphology and functional groups before and after adsorption. The effect of process variables comprising initial dye concentration, contact time, pH, and adsorbent dosage were investigated and the obtained adsorption equilibrium data were modelled using Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich isotherms. The adsorption kinetics were computed using Pseudo first order and Pseudo second-order reaction kinetics. The results of the study indicated that adsorption using all three adsorbents increased with increasing adsorbent dosage and contact time. On the other hand, adsorption using MRHCH and RH increased at a high initial concentration while CKC exhibited high adsorption at a low initial concentration. Isotherm studies indicated that Temkin isotherm best fits the adsorption equilibrium data while kinetic studies showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model best described CR adsorption, indicating chemisorption as the mechanism of adsorption. MRHCH demonstrated its exceptional adsorption capacity with a maximum adsorption capacity from the Langmuir isotherm of 4.008 mg/g. The adsorption process was found to be spontaneous, endothermic, and more random at the solid-solution interface by thermodynamic investigations. The study concludes that MRHCH has great promise for wastewater treatment applications as a very efficient adsorbent for CR removal.
Using System‐Inspired Metrics to Improve Water Quality Prediction in Stratified Lakes
Authors: Kurucz Kamilla , Carey Cayelan C. , Huang Peisheng , De Sousa Eduardo R. , White Jeremy T. , Hipsey Matthew R. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite the growing use of Aquatic Ecosystem Models for lake modeling, there is currently no widely applicable framework for their configuration, calibration, and evaluation. Calibration is generally based on direct data comparison of observed versus modeled state variables using standard statistical techniques, however, this approach may not give a complete picture of the model's ability to capture system‐scale behavior that is not easily perceivable in observations, but which may be important for resource management. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of “naïve” calibration and a “system‐inspired” calibration, an approach that augments the standard state‐based calibration with a range of system‐inspired metrics (e.g., thermocline depth, metalimnetic oxygen minima), to increase the coherence between the simulated and natural ecosystems. A coupled physical‐biogeochemical model was applied to a focal site to simulate two key state‐variables: water temperature and dissolved oxygen. The model was calibrated according to the new system‐inspired modeling convention, using formal calibration techniques. There was an improvement in the simulation using parameters optimized on the additional metrics, which helped to reduce uncertainty predicting aspects of the system relevant to reservoir management, such as the occurrence of the metalimnetic oxygen minima. Extending the use of system‐inspired metrics when calibrating models has the potential to improve model fidelity for capturing more complex ecosystem dynamics.