bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Design of Contingent Capital with a Market Trigger
Authors: SUNDARESAN SURESH , WANG ZHENYU 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTContingent capital (CC), which aims to internalize the costs of too‐big‐to‐fail in the capital structure of large banks, has been under intense debate by policy makers and academics. We show that CC with a market trigger, in which direct stakeholders are unable to choose optimal conversion policies, does not lead to a unique competitive equilibrium unless value transfer at conversion is not expected ex ante. The “no value transfer” restriction precludes penalizing bank managers for taking excessive risk. Multiplicity or absence of equilibrium introduces the potential for price uncertainty, market manipulation, inefficient capital allocation, and frequent conversion errors.
Is age‐related macular degeneration a manifestation of systemic disease? New prospects for early intervention and treatment
Authors: Cheung C. M. G. , Wong T. Y. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAge‐related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common vision‐threatening condition affecting the elderly. AMD shares common risk factors and processes, including vascular and inflammatory pathways, with many systemic disorders. Associations have been reported between AMD and hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, dyslipidaemia, chronic kidney disease and neurodegenerative disorders. An increasing amount of evidence suggests that individuals with AMD are also at risk of systemic diseases such as stroke. In this review, we summarize the latest evidence to support the notion that AMD is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease processes, and discuss the potential systemic side effects of ocular AMD therapy of which general physicians should be aware. Recent genetic discoveries and understanding of the pathogenic pathways in AMD in relation to systemic disorders are also highlighted.
Word Association Technique Applied to Cosmetic Products – a Case Study
Authors: Gámbaro Adriana , Parente Emma , Roascio Antonela , Boinbaser Lucía 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWord association, a projective qualitative technique, was applied to the development of olive oil‐based and olive leaf extract‐supplemented cosmetic creams.One hundred twenty female respondents presented with five stimulus terms – namely, “nourishing cream,” “antiaging cream,” “olive oil‐based cream,” “olive leaf extract‐supplemented cream” and “antioxidant‐rich cream” – were asked to write down four images, associations, thoughts or feelings evoked by each of the different stimuli. Word associations made by the surveyed sample were then grouped into 14 categories. For each of the proposed stimuli, the frequency of mention of elicited words was analyzed according to and within each category.The use of word association enabled the identification of expected or desired sensory properties and efficacy of the studied cosmetic creams, as well as the concepts associated – in the minds of respondents – with each of the creams. The resulting information may be used to optimize the selection of new products and their denominations.Practical ApplicationsRelevant information regarding consumer perception of different aspects of prospective cosmetic creams, made available by application of a word association technique, enables the definition of major product development processes as well as the identification of most suitable marketing and communication strategies.
Effect of feeding level on ileal and total tract digestibility of nutrients and energy from soybean meal‐based diets for piglets
Authors: Goerke M. , Mosenthin R. , Jezierny D. , Sauer N. , Piepho H.‐P. , Messerschmidt U. , Eklund M. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryA total of 36 piglets with an initial body weight (BW) of 5.6 ± 0.7 kg, fitted with simple T‐cannulas at the distal ileum, were used to evaluate the effect of three graded feeding levels (50, 75 or 100 g/kg BW0.75 day) on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and energy, and on ATTD of organic matter (OM), ether extracts (EE), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and digestible (DE), metabolisable (ME) and net energy (NE) content in soybean meal (SBM)–casein–cornstarch‐based diets. The AID of DM, N and energy and ATTD of NDF, ADF and EE in the diets were not affected (p > 0.05) by the feed intake (FI) level. There was a small decrease in ATTD of DM, N (CP), OM, ash and energy, and in DE, ME and NE content in the diets (p < 0.05) with increasing FI level. The net disappearance in the large intestine (in % of ileal recovery) decreased for DM, N and energy (p < 0.05) with increasing FI level. The design of the study allowed for estimating ileal endogenous loss of N and total tract endogenous loss of ash, N and EE, for estimating corresponding true ileal and total tract digestibility values, and for estimating urinary endogenous N loss. High variability in estimates of ileal endogenous N loss and total tract endogenous losses of N, EE and ash reflects great variation in individual endogenous losses between animals. Estimation of true total tract digestibility of N, EE and ash by regression analysis was affected by their decrease in ATTD with increasing FI level, as estimates for true digestibility were lower compared to their apparent values. The present results suggest that FI level can affect both apparent and true total tract nutrient digestibility in piglets.
Effect of physical training on nutrient digestibility and faecal fermentative parameters inStandardbred horses
Authors: Goachet A. G. , Harris P. , Philippeau C. , Julliand V. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThis study aimed at evaluating, in previously inactiveStandardbreds horses, the effect of 5 weeks of an exercise training programme on nutrient digestibility and faecal fermentative parameters (FFPs). As an increase in digestibility had previously been reported in trained endurance horses, we hypothesized that similar results would be found in horses being trained for other types of exercise on a different type of diet. After 3 weeks of dietary adaptation, a digestibility trial (DT1) was undertaken, over 3 days, in eight untrained Standardbreds with a fresh faecal sample being collected on the second day forFFPdeterminations. Six of the eight horses undertook a training programme, and after 5 weeks of exercise, theDTand theFFPmeasurements were then repeated (DT2).DT2 began after 3 days of inactivity. The same natural meadow hay (H) and pelleted complementary feed (CF) were fed throughout. For 5 days before theDTs, horses were fed 2.1%BWon a dry matter basis (55:45 ratioH:CF). Body weight and body condition score remained constant. Apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre, hemicellulose, crude protein and gross energy, as well as faecal total volatile fatty acids (VFA), acetate and propionate concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) higher atDT2 than atDT1. A 5‐week exercise programme had a positive impact on nutrient digestibility andFFP. Training may improve dietary energy supply, in particular via increased hindgutVFAproduction. The potential improvement of digestive efficiency with training should be taken into account when formulating nutritional recommendations for the exercising horse, particularly when performing light work, which is low‐intensity exercise for 1–3 h per week.
Influences shaping nurses' use of distraction for children's procedural pain
Authors: Olmstead Deborah L. , Scott Shannon D. , Mayan Maria , Koop Priscilla M. , Reid Kathy 
Published: March 2014

AbstractPurposeThis study explored pediatric nurses' choices to use distraction for managing painful procedures.Design and MethodsUsing interpretive description approaches, interviews with pediatric nurses provided descriptions of choices to manage procedural pain.ResultsNurses' distress influenced distraction use to mitigate the suffering of children and themselves. Newer nurses described task mastery as influencing distraction choices. Nurses' accounts of performing painful procedures on children mirrored children's descriptions of pain from the literature.Practice ImplicationsNurses' distress and competency performing painful procedures on children influenced practice. Future qualitative studies could extend understanding of pain management choices by pediatric nurses and the impact on undermanaged pain.
The timing of molecular and morphological changes underlying reproductive transitions in wild tomatoes (Solanumsect.Lycopersicon)
Authors: Vosters S. L. , Jewell C. P. , Sherman N. A. , Einterz F. , Blackman B. K. , Moyle L. C. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMolecular mechanisms underlying the transition from genetic self‐incompatibility to self‐compatibility are well documented, but the evolution of other reproductive trait changes that accompany shifts in reproductive strategy (mating system) remains comparatively under‐investigated. A notable exception is the transition from exserted styles to styles with recessed positions relative to the anthers in wild tomatoes (SolanumSectionLycopersicon). This phenotypic change has been previously attributed to a specific mutation in the promoter of a gene that influences style length (style2.1); however, whether this specific regulatory mutation arose concurrently with the transition from long to short styles, and whether it is causally responsible for this phenotypic transition, has been poorly investigated across this group. To address this gap, we assessed 74 accessions (populations) from 13 species for quantitative genetic variation in floral and reproductive traits as well as the presence/absence of deletions at two different locations (StyleD1 and StyleD2) within the regulatory region upstream ofstyle2.1. We confirmed that the putatively causal deletion variant (a 450‐bp deletion at StyleD1) arose within self‐compatible lineages. However, the variation and history of both StyleD1 and StyleD2 was more complex than previously inferred. In particular, although StyleD1 was statistically associated with differences in style length and stigma exsertion across all species, we found no evidence for this association within two species polymorphic for the StyleD1 mutation. We conclude that the previous association detected between phenotypic and molecular differences is most likely due to a phylogenetic association rather than a causal mechanistic relationship. Phenotypic variation in style length must therefore be due to other unexamined linked variants in thestyle2.1regulatory region.
Effect of cinacalcet treatment on vascular arterial stiffness among peritoneal dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Chow Kai Ming , Szeto Cheuk Chun , Kwan Bonnie Ching‐Ha , Cheng Phyllis Mei‐Shan , Pang Wing Fai , Leung Chi Bon , Li Philip Kam‐Tao 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAimAlthough calcimimetics cinacalcet can reduce parathyroid hormone level and control secondary hyperparathyroidism in end‐stage renal disease patients, risk of vascular calcification remains high. Whether cinacalcet can further reduce vascular damage or arterial stiffness is unknown.MethodsWe studied the effect of cinacalcet in 33 peritoneal dialysis patients with inadequately controlled secondary hyperparathyroidism despite standard treatment. The primary outcome was the aortic pulse wave velocity at 26 and 52 months after cinacalcet treatment. The pulse wave velocity was compared with that of a matched control cohort of 37 peritoneal dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.ResultsThirty‐three patients completed the cinacalcet treatment, after median dialysis duration of 1.0 year. Significant improvement of parathyroid hormone level was achieved after 52 weeks, from 87.5 ± 28.7 pmol/L to 34.5 ± 45.5 pmol/L (P < 0.0001). Serial carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity did not differ between cinacalcet treatment group and control group (general linear model with repeated measures, P = 0.19). Among patients receiving cinacalcet, the average carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity increased from 10.46 ± 2.12 m/s at baseline to 11.41 ± 2.79 m/s at 52 weeks (P = 0.001). The change in carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity over 1 year had no significant correlation with the final parathyroid hormone level or change in parathyroid hormone level.ConclusionsAmong prevalent patients receiving peritoneal dialysis and with hyperparathyroidism, a reduction of 60.6% parathyroid hormone level after cinacalcet treatment for one year did not reduce the carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity.
Acute respiratory complication presenting at birth due to an intra‐oral teratoma arising from the tonsil
Authors: Gomes S. , Rashid M. , Acharya V. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractOral teratomas are rare congenital tumours. They can result in rapid asphyxia following birth if undetected prenatally. Antenatal ultrasound diagnosis allows for careful and early evaluation, thereby leading to timely intervention. This report highlights a male infant delivered prematurely but spontaneously with an unremarkable prenatal course and normal antenatal scans who was then found to have an intraoral teratoma requiring intubation, diagnosed using MRI scans. Upon ENT surgical intervention for removal, it was found to arise from the tonsil. This report will focus on acute management and surgical intervention in a prenatally undiagnosed case.
Bare Quantifiers?
Authors: Ben‐Yami Hanoch 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIn a series of publications I have claimed that by contrast to standard formal languages, quantifiers in natural language combine with a general term to form a quantified argument, in which the general term's role is to determine the domain or plurality over which the quantifier ranges. In a recent paper Zoltán Gendler Szabó tried to provide a counterexample to this analysis and derived from it various conclusions concerning quantification in natural language, claiming it is often ‘bare’. I show that Szabó's example fails, and that even if it were successful his conclusions would not be supported by it.
The Role of Freedom in Descartes' Ethics of Belief
Authors: Mihali Andreea 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article brings to light the role and importance of Descartes' concept of freedom for his ethics of belief. For Descartes, I argue, correctly assigning epistemic praise/blame means tracking authentic freedoms: ascertaining whether an act of assent is spontaneous or perverse both before and after eliciting the act of will. Authentic spontaneity ensures that the agent receives praise for his epistemic accomplishment, which includes the right results as well as the right order of steps. Authentic perversity leads to the agent being blamed for not accepting the truth while fully aware of the gravity of the gesture.
Relax and refill: xylem rehydration prior to hydraulic measurements favours embolism repair in stems and generates artificially low PLC values
Authors: TRIFILÒ PATRIZIA , RAIMONDO FABIO , LO GULLO MARIA A. , BARBERA PIERA M. , SALLEO SEBASTIANO , NARDINI ANDREA 
Published: March 2014

AbstractDiurnal changes in percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity (PLC), with recorded values being higher at midday than on the following morning, have been interpreted as evidence for the occurrence of cycles of xylem conduits' embolism and repair. Recent reports have suggested that diurnal PLC changes might arise as a consequence of an experimental artefact, that is, air entry into xylem conduits upon cutting stems, even if under water, while under substantial tension generated by transpiration. Rehydration procedures prior to hydraulic measurements have been recommended to avoid this artefact. In the present study, we show that xylem rehydration prior to hydraulic measurements might favour xylem refilling and embolism repair, thus leading to PLC values erroneously lower than those actually experienced by transpiring plants. When xylem tension relaxation procedures were performed on stems where refilling mechanisms had been previously inhibited by mechanical (girdling) or chemical (orthovanadate) treatment, PLC values measured in stems cut under native tension were the same as those measured after sample rehydration/relaxation. Our data call for renewed attention to the procedures of sample collection in the field and transport to the laboratory, and suggest that girdling might be a recommendable treatment prior to sample collection for PLC measurements.
Multisystemic Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Mimicking Diffuse Neonatal Hemangiomatosis
Authors: Rubio‐González Belén , García‐Bracamonte Beatriz , Ortiz‐Romero Pablo L. , Postigo‐Llorente Concepción , Vanaclocha‐Sebastián Francisco 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe report the first case of multisystemic Langerhans cell histiocytes mimicking diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis clinically. This has been described in patients with congenital self‐healing reticulohistiocytosis but not in patients with acute, disseminated, and multisystemic disease. In our experience, dermoscopic findings did not help to diagnose the condition.
Shifting attention between the space of the body and external space: Electrophysiological correlates of visual‐nociceptive crossmodal spatial attention
Authors: Favril Louis , Mouraux André , Sambo Chiara F. , Legrain Valéry 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe study tested whether nociceptive stimuli applied to a body limb can orient spatial attention in external space toward visual stimuli delivered close to that limb. Nociceptive stimuli were applied to either the left or the right hand. Task‐relevant visual stimuli were delivered at the location adjacent to the stimulated hand (70% valid trials) or adjacent to the other hand (30% invalid trials). Visual stimuli were discriminated with shorter reaction times and elicited ERPs of greater magnitude in the valid as compared to the invalid trials. This enhancement affected the N1 component, suggesting that the location of the nociceptive cue modifies visual processing through a modulation of neural activity in the visual cortex. We hypothesize the existence of a common frame of reference able to coordinate the mapping of the space of the body and the mapping of the external space.
Reconciling discrepant findings for P3 brain response in criminal psychopathy through reference to the concept of externalizing proneness
Authors: Venables Noah C. , Patrick Christopher J. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe sought to address inconsistencies in the literature on amplitude of P3 brain potential response in offenders diagnosed with psychopathy. These inconsistencies contrast with the reliable finding of reduced P3 in relation to externalizing tendencies, which overlap with impulsive‐antisocial features of psychopathy, as distinguished from the affective‐interpersonal features. Employing a sample of incarcerated male offenders (N = 154) who completed the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised along with a three‐stimulus visual oddball task, we tested the hypothesis that impulsive‐antisocial features of psychopathy would selectively exhibit an inverse relationship with P3 amplitude. Clear support for this hypothesis was obtained. Our findings clarify the discrepant findings regarding psychopathy and P3, and establish P3 as a neurophysiological point of contact between psychopathy and externalizing proneness from the broader psychopathology literature.
Income as the Outcome: How to Broaden the Narrow Framing of U.S. Retirement Policy
Authors: Brown Jeffrey R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis article provides a brief review of behavioral economics research on annuitization. It applies the lessons learned from this literature to examine how public policy toward defined contribution plans has narrowly framed the conversation about retirement in a manner that may discourage the provision of lifetime income. It then discusses a number of policy changes that could be made to reframe the conversation to focus on retirement income security rather than wealth accumulation.
A General Approach to Effect Decomposition
Authors: Hou Feng 
Published: March 2014

ObjectiveThis article illustrates the commonality among the Oaxaca decomposition, mediation analysis, and path analysis used in various social science fields to decompose the effect of a predictor on the outcome into constituent components.MethodsA general approach is proposed that extends the Oaxaca decomposition to continuous predictors. It also removes one critical restriction on covariates in mediation analysis.ResultsAn empirical example shows that the effect of fathers’ education on children's years of schooling primarily works through children's early skill development and educational aspirations.ConclusionThe proposed approach is easy to implement since it requires only two pieces of information: simple correlations and standardized regression coefficients.
Plant mating systems affect adaptive plasticity in response to herbivory
Authors: Campbell Stuart A. , Halitschke Rayko , Thaler Jennifer S. , Kessler André 
Published: March 2014

SummaryThe fitness consequences of mating system variation (e.g. inbreeding) have been studied for at least 200 years, yet the ecological consequences of this variation remain poorly understood. Most plants are capable of inbreeding, and also exhibit a remarkable suite of adaptive phenotypic responses to ecological stresses such as herbivory. We tested the consequences of experimental inbreeding on phenotypic plasticity in resistance and growth (tolerance) traits in Solanum carolinense (Solanaceae). Inbreeding reduced the ability of plants to up‐regulate resistance traits following damage. Moreover, inbreeding disrupted growth trait responses to damage, indicating the presence of deleterious mutations at loci regulating growth under stress. Production of the phytohormones abscisic and indole acetic acid, and wounding‐induced up‐regulation of the defence signalling phytohormone jasmonic acid were all significantly reduced under inbreeding, indicating a phytohormonal basis for inbreeding effects on growth and defence trait regulation. We conclude that the plasticity of induced responses is negatively affected by inbreeding, with implications for fragmented populations facing mate limitation and stress as a consequence of environmental change.