bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Type D personality with the autonomic and hemodynamic response to the cold pressor test
Authors: Kupper Nina , Pelle Aline , Denollet Johan 
Published: September 2013

AbstractMechanisms relating Type D personality to poor health are largely unknown, with autonomic nervous system function being a candidate. This study examined the physiologic response to cold stress. Undergraduates (N = 101, 84% female) underwent a cold pressor test. An electrocardiogram, impedance cardiogram, and blood pressure were recorded. Type D personality was assessed by self‐report questionnaire. Type D was associated with increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure reactivity. Exploratory analyses showed Type D men to respond with increased respiratory sinus arrhythmia (i.e., higher parasympathetic activity), and decreased pre‐ejection period (i.e., larger sympathetic activity), while Type D women showed a reciprocal response pattern. In conclusion, Type D personality was associated with an exaggerated hemodynamic response to cold stress, which may contribute to an increased risk of hypertension in Type D individuals.
Cortical and cerebellar modulation of autonomic responses to loud sounds
Authors: Mueller‐Pfeiffer Christoph , Zeffiro Thomas , O'Gorman Ruth , Michels Lars , Baumann Peter , Wood Nellie , Spring Justin , Rufer Michael , Pitman Roger K. , Orr Scott P. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractDetecting unexpected environmental change causes modulation of autonomic activity essential for survival. Understanding the neural mechanisms associated with responses to loud sounds may provide insights into the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), since individuals withPTSDexhibit heightened autonomic responses to unexpected loud sounds. We combinedfMRIwith autonomic psychophysiological assessment to investigate central and peripheral reactivity to loud tones in 20 healthy participants. Activity in anterior insula, pregenual anterior cingulate cortex, anterior midcingulate cortex, supplementary motor area, supramarginal gyrus, and cerebellar lobulesVIII–IXwas associated with both tones and concomitant skin conductance responses. Since regions signaling unexpected external events modulate autonomic activity, heightened loud tone autonomic responses inPTSDmay reflect sensitization of this “salience” network.
Restoration of Young Forests in Eastern Finland: Benefits for Saproxylic Beetles (Coleoptera)
Authors: Hekkala Anne‐Maarit , Päätalo Marja‐Leena , Tarvainen Oili , Tolvanen Anne 
Published: September 2013

AbstractEffective fire suppression in combination with intensive forestry has caused a large number of dead wood‐dependent (saproxylic) species to become threatened in Fennoscandia. In order to return the fire disturbance dynamics and to increase the amount of dead wood, restoration actions are urgently needed. We studied the effects of restoring young (under 30 years old) pine‐dominated (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest stands on saproxylic beetle assemblages in eastern Finland, focusing especially on rare, red‐listed, and pyrophilous (RRLP) species. Our experiment included a restoration treatment including two tree felling levels for fuel load (10 or 20 m3/ha) followed by burning, and an untreated control. We sampled beetles before restoration in 2005, during the year of restoration in 2006, and in two post‐treatment years in 2007 and 2011. Both restoration treatments increased the number of saproxylic and RRLP species. The species richness increased most in the year of restoration in 2006 and this trend continued in the following year 2007, but no differences in species assemblages were detected between the two fuel load levels. By 2011, however, the species richness and abundance had declined back to the pre‐treatment level. We suggest that restoration burning can also be directed to young forests where biodiversity values are initially low. On the basis of the observed decline in the species richness, we suggest that fire could be introduced in neighboring areas in approximately 5‐year intervals to maintain populations of the most demanding pyrophilous species.
Aminopeptidase N facilitates entry and intracellular survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in monocytes
Authors: Ho Hsin‐Tsung , Tsai I‐Fang , Wu Chien‐Liang , Lu Yen‐Ta 
Published: September 2013

AbstractBackground and objectiveAminopeptidase N (CD13) is an ectoenzyme located in the outer membrane of a variety of cells. Proteomic profiling indicates an increased expression of CD13 in phagocytes during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of CD13 on the internalization and intracellular survival of M. tuberculosis in monocytes.MethodsMagnetic nanoparticles and confocal microscopy were used to observe interactions between CD13 and M. tuberculosis. Mycobacterial entry and intracellular survival in monocytes were assessed with and without anti‐CD13 antibody (WM15 and WM47) using flow cytometry and colony formation assay.ResultsBy using magnetic nanoparticles and confocal microscopy, M. tuberculosis was found to be capable of binding to either soluble CD13 or membranous CD13 on monocytes. Flow cytometry showed that pretreatment of monocytes with WM15 or WM47 reduced the number of intracellular M. tuberculosis. Collectively, the data suggest that CD13 is a binding and entry receptor for M. tuberculosis on monocytes. Treatment of infected monocytes showed a greater effect of WM47 than WM15 in reducing the intracellular colonization of M. tuberculosis, suggesting that specific epitopes of CD13 may play an important role modulating intracellular M. tuberculosis survival.ConclusionsCD13 acts as a receptor for M. tuberculosis on human monocytes. The molecule facilitates internalization, and interaction of CD13 with an anti‐CD13 antibody reduces intracellular M. tuberculosis survival.
Infrequent Dialysis: A New Paradigm for Hemodialysis Initiation
Authors: Rhee Connie M. , Unruh Mark , Chen Jing , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Zager Phillip , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: September 2013

AbstractNearly a half‐century ago, the thrice‐weekly hemodialysis schedule was empirically established as a means to provide an adequate dialysis dose while also treating the greatest number of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients using limited resources. Landmark trials of hemodialysis adequacy have historically been anchored to thrice‐weekly regimens, but a recent randomized controlled trial demonstrated that frequent hemodialysis (six times per week) confers cardiovascular and survival benefits. Based on these collective data and experience, clinical practice guidelines advise against a less than thrice‐weekly treatment schedule in patients without residual renal function, yet provide limited guidance on the optimal treatment frequency when substantial native kidney function is present. Thus, during the transition from Stage 5 chronic kidney disease to ESRD, the current paradigm is to initiate hemodialysis on a “full‐dose” thrice‐weekly regimen even among patients with substantial residual renal function. However, emerging data suggest that frequent hemodialysis accelerates residual renal function decline, and infrequent regimens may provide better preservation of native kidney function. Given the high mortality rates during the first 6 months of hemodialysis and the survival benefits of preserved native kidney function, initiation with twice‐weekly treatment schedules (“infrequent hemodialysis”) with an incremental increase in frequency over time may provide an opportunity to optimize patient survival. This review outlines the clinical benefits of post‐hemodialysis residual renal function, studies of twice‐weekly treatment regimens, and the potential risks and benefits of infrequent hemodialysis.
Open Parallel Cooperative and Competitive Decision Processes: A Potential Provenance for Quantum Probability Decision Models
Authors: Fuss Ian G. , Navarro Daniel J. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn recent years quantum probability models have been used to explain many aspects of human decision making, and as such quantum models have been considered a viable alternative to Bayesian models based on classical probability. One criticism that is often leveled at both kinds of models is that they lack a clear interpretation in terms of psychological mechanisms. In this paper we discuss the mechanistic underpinnings of a quantum walk model of human decision making and response time. The quantum walk model is compared to standard sequential sampling models, and the architectural assumptions of both are considered. In particular, we show that the quantum model has a natural interpretation in terms of a cognitive architecture that is both massively parallel and involves both co‐operative (excitatory) and competitive (inhibitory) interactions between units. Additionally, we introduce a family of models that includes aspects of the classical and quantum walk models.
The Effects of Symmetry on Optimal Transducer Location for Active Vibration Control
Authors: Daraji A. H. , Hale J. M. 
Published: September 2013

In this article, the global optimal configuration of sensors and actuators has been investigated for active vibration reduction of plates with symmetrical and asymmetrical geometries and boundary conditions.
An isotropic plate element stiffened by beam elements on its edges and with piezoelectric sensor/actuator pairs bonded to its surfaces is modeled, using Hamilton’s principle and the finite element method taking into account piezoelectric mass, stiffness and electromechanical coupling effects. The modeling is based on Mindlin-Reissner plate and Timoshenko beam theories. Optimization is obtained by means of a genetic algorithm using minimization of linear quadratic index is taken as an objective function. The program is written in Matlab m-code and incorporates results from an ANSYS finite element model of the basic structure to take the effects of the first six modes of vibration collectively. The plates with different boundary conditions and geometries are represented by the ANSYS package using two dimensional shell63 elements and three dimensional soild45 elements for the passive structure, and solid5 elements for the active piezoelectric components. The first six modes of vibration are validated experimentally.
The genetic algorithm is used to obtain optimal placement of eight and ten piezoelectric sensor/actuator pairs to suppress the first six modes of vibration, investigating the effects of plate boundary conditions and geometry on the optimal distribution of piezoelectric actuators. It is shown that structures with symmetrical geometries and boundary conditions have optimal transducer locations distributed with the same axes of symmetry.
Design of Complex Nano-Scale Systems Using Multi-Agent Simulations and Structure-Behavior-Function Representations
Authors: Egan Paul F. , Cagan Jonathan , Schunn Christian , LeDuc Philip R. 
Published: September 2013

Recent trends in technology are challenging engineers to configure products at ever smaller scales. At the nano-scale, biological protein machines are commonly chosen as a power-source for a broad-range of nano-devices. This paper explores the challenges in designing these and similar systems, such as improving the emergent system performance that arises from the interactions of many stochastic components.
We develop a domain-independent methodology, using multi-agent simulations as a means of modeling and predicting emergent system behavior across scales and structure-behavior-function representations for understanding and navigating the resulting design space. This methodology is validated with an application of synthetic myosin motor design at the nanoscale, with simulation results aligning well with the macroscopic performance of myosin-powered muscular contractions.
The multi-agent simulation is implemented with myosins modeled as agents, allowing for the virtual design and experimentation of synthetic myosins with altered structures and mechanochemical behaviors. Four myosin populations are designed and simulated, with their emergent system performance determined by aggregating the contributions of each myosin agent over time.
Although the multi-agent simulation successfully recreates the emergent behaviors of the myosins, it is difficult to draw conclusions about how each structural variation influences aggregate performance. SBF representations of the system are then developed to describe how the aggregate performance of the system is explainable in terms of myosin behaviors, which map directly to altered myosin structures. It is then demonstrated how an engineer may utilize these representations and experimental results to reason about, and configure a myosin system with optimal performance.
The methodology is domain-independent, ensuring its extendibility to similar complex systems while aiding a designer in simplifying a complex physical phenomenon to a design space consisting of only a few critical parameters. The methodology is particularly suited for complex systems with many parts operating stochastically across scales, and should prove invaluable for engineers facing the challenges of biological nanoscale design, where designs with unique properties require novel approaches or useful configurations in nature await discovery.
Comparing the Contribution of the Group to the Initial Idea in Progressive Idea Generation
Authors: Blair Bryan M. , Hölttä-Otto Katja 
Published: September 2013

Successful Idea Generation (IG) is more likely to lead to original and innovative products. It is usually recommended that idea generation is done in groups. Specifically, progressive idea generation methods, such as 6-3-5/C-Sketch, have been developed to gain from the benefits of group based ideation while being less subject to the peer pressure of a typical brainstorming session, where people can call out ideas simultaneously. In this study, we investigate the contributions that the group makes to the initial ideas in such progressive idea generation.
Participants developed concepts for one of two products, namely alarm clocks or litter grabbers. Statistical analysis was used to compare the results of the initial ideas to the entire group for both products. Samples were rated at feature level using three metrics: originality, number of innovation characteristics hit, and feasibility.
Results indicate that, in general, the originality and innovativeness of the initial concepts is improved by the rest of the group members. Non-original initial ideas were improved in all four sample groups. Highly original initial ideas also were improved in most cases. Feasibility was generally lowered, but not with statistical significance. Results from the perspective of particular product feature and innovation characteristic categories were varied; some more popular than others.
Disassembly Sequence Evaluation Using Graph Visualization and Immersive Computing Technologies
Authors: Berg Leif P. , Behdad Sara , Vance Judy M. , Thurston Deborah 
Published: September 2013

With the goal of making product recovery economically viable, disassembly sequence planning and evaluation can be used to influence product design features early in the product design process. Several researchers have investigated using optimization methods to determine disassembly sequences. One of the difficulties with using this approach is that because of the unique aspects of product disassembly at the end of life, input parameters for the optimization algorithms are commonly unavailable or estimated under high uncertainty. In practice, design engineers explore disassembly sequencing using either CAD software or manipulation of physical prototypes. These approaches produce solutions, but only intuitive solutions are explored and more optimal solutions may exist. To support decision making early in the design process, the research presented in this paper combines these two approaches within an immersive computing technology (ICT) application to aid in early product design with the goal of designing products with consideration of product recovery, reuse and recycle.
The ICT application displays both 3D geometry of the product to be disassembled and an interactive graph visualization of the potential disassembly paths. The user can naturally interact with the geometric models and explore the potential paths indicated by the graph visualization. The optimal path can be indicated and the user can explore other potential paths. The result is an application that combines the strength of mathematical modeling with visualization and human interaction to provide an experience where the user can explore potential effects of design decisions. The initial application has been implemented in a 3 wall immersive projection environment and preliminary results show this approach proves to be an efficient method of evaluating and training potential disassembly sequences.
Self-Assessment for Evaluating and Improving the Product Development Processes in SMEs
Authors: Bensiek Tobias , Kühn Arno , Gausemeier Jürgen , Grafe Michael 
Published: September 2013

Effective and efficient processes characterize successful companies in mechanical engineering and related industrial sectors. Methods and tools of Virtual Prototyping and Simulation (VPS) become more and more accepted in these processes. The integration of these methods and tools into the processes and the PDM/PLM infrastructure of the company is a success factor in the development of complex technical systems. Especially small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) often run isolated applications that are insufficiently integrated into the development process and the PDM/PLM infrastructure.
This paper introduces the VPS-Benchmark — an adaptable maturity model for performance evaluation and improvement in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with focus on VPS. By giving an overview on existing approaches for performance evaluation and improvement, we point out the demand for a new maturity approach meeting the requirements of SMEs. The new maturity model will then be introduced. After explaining the basic concept of the model, we describe its development and application. The model offers a systematic performance improvement by giving concrete measures. These measures are derived from the comparison of current performance and a company-specific target state. This individual target state is determined by the company-class. The whole approach is based on a software-supported questionnaire that allows for a self-assessment in SMEs.
Online Real-Time Monitoring System Through Using Adaptive Angular-Velocity VKF Order Tracking
Authors: Yeh Ting-Chi , Pan Min-Chun 
Published: September 2013

When rotary machines are running, acousto-mechanical signals acquired from the machines are able to reveal their operation status and machine conditions. Mechanical systems under periodic loading due to rotary operation usually respond in measurements with a superposition of sinusoids whose frequencies are integer (or fractional integer) multiples of the reference shaft speed. In this study we built an online real-time machine condition monitoring system based on the adaptive angular-velocity Vold-Kalman filtering order tracking (AV2KF_OT) algorithm, which was implemented through a DSP chip module and a user interface coded by the LabVIEW®.
This paper briefly introduces the theoretical derivation and numerical implementation of computation scheme. Experimental works justify the effectiveness of applying the developed online real-time condition monitoring system. They are the detection of startup on the fluid-induced instability, whirl, performed by using a journal-bearing rotor test rig.
Bone Defect Detection on Dental Osseointegration Using Structural Mode Shape
Authors: Hsieh Y.-Sh. , Chen J.-Z. , Chen Ch.-S. , Lee S.-Y. , Pan M.-Ch. 
Published: September 2013

This study aims to assess clinical bone defects between an implant and jaw bone after dental implantation by examining the mode shape of structures. Different severity of bone defects was evaluated through structure resonant frequencies and their corresponding mode shapes of the implant and jaw bone by using both numerical analysis and experimentation. This study consists of two parts. First, the assumption of two kinds of boundary conditions, bonding and rubbing, was applied to simulate osseointegration in the clinical dentistry and the in-vitro bone defect model, respectively, in finite element analysis. Natural frequencies and their mode shapes of the implant/jaw were computed by the modal analysis. During the harmonic analysis, the response displacements versus frequency of implant in the buccolingual and mesiodistal directions were defined. Secondly, the structural resonant frequencies were measured by a procedure of acoustic excitation and displacement response, and then this result was compared with using the detection of an Osstell mentor.
The simulation results show that the structure local mode corresponding high-frequency resonance can be used to examine bone imperfection remarkably. Limited by extremely tiny response displacement, measuring dynamic range of the capacitive displacement sensor, the acoustic excitation-displacement response measurement can only acquire the structure global mode of the mandible corresponding to low-frequency resonance. Additionally, the Osstell mentor can assess bone defects effectively. Therefore, the above-mentioned simulations and experimental results prove that the local mode is promising to evaluate the defect severity of the dental-implantation osseointegration.
Applying System Theoretical Hazard Analysis Method to Complex Automotive Cyber Physical Systems
Authors: Van Eikema Hommes Qi D. 
Published: September 2013

The modern automobiles have become software intensive, with electronics features replacing many of the traditionally mechanical systems, and automating many of the drivers’ tasks. This transition brought new challenges to engineering design. The control system software exhibits unprecedented complexity, whose states cannot be exhaustively tested. Software does not fail like hardware due to random noise factors. Electronics and software update and change rapidly. Engineers have limited engineering experience and historical data to draw upon. Automating traditional manual tasks of the drivers may also lead to accidents. Safety regulation for automotive electronics is in its infancy, and standards do not yet provide adequate safety assurance.
Motivated by these challenges, this paper compares a number of hazard analysis methods for their ability to address the challenges posed by the modern automotive electronics systems. The System Theoretic Process and Analysis (STPA) framework developed for system safety engineering presents a paradigm shift, and is the most effective at identifying causes of hazards. As the first application on modern automotive electronic systems, STPA was applied to the Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) feature. The outcome was compared with the ACC design standards and the actual vehicle implementation to illustrate the effectiveness of the method.