bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micelle Based Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Chloroquine Phosphate in Commercial Formulation and Human Plasma
Authors: Jan M. Rasul , Shah Jasmin , Javed M. Aamir , Yousaf Nageen 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Simple, sensitive and economic spectrofluorimetric method has been described for the determination of chloroquine phosphate in pure form, pharmaceutical formulations and spiked human plasma. In the developed method, fluorescence intensity of chloroquine phosphate was enhanced with 0.4 M sodium dodecyl sulfate in basic media of pH 10 at room temperature. The excitation and emission wavelengths of the fluorescent chloroquine phosphate are 330 nm and 369 nm respectively. The developed approach has a broad linear range (0.03–5 μg mL−1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9976. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 3.38 × 10−3 μg mL−1 and 1.12 × 10−2 μg mL−1 respectively. The common additives and co-administered medications were investigated for their interferences effect in the assay. The method was validated statistically through recovery studies and successfully applied to chloroquine phosphate determination in bulk powder, pharmaceutical preparation and spiked human plasma samples. The percent recoveries were found to be in the range of 99.42–100.46 % for bulk powder, 97.48–101.21 % for pharmaceutical formulations and 96.49–98.48 % for spiked human plasma.
Synthesis and Characterization ofN-alkyl-N′-glucosylhexanediamine Surfactant
Authors: Han Fu , Gao Ya-di , Liu Yi-lang , Liang Yin-lian , Zhou Ya-wen , Xu Bao-cai 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe synthesis and structural analysis of glucosamide surfactants of the general formula CnH2n+1NH(CH2)6NHCO(CHOH)4CH2OH (n = 8, 10, 12) were described, and the surface activity properties of the surfactants were studied, and the interfacial tensions betweenn-octane and the aqueous surfactant solution were measured.N-alkylhexanediamines were synthesized by the alkylation of the 1,6-hexanediamine with alkyl bromide. The glucosamide surfactants,N-alkyl-N′-glucosylhexanediamine (CnGA), were prepared by amidation of the precursor diamine with D-gluconic acid δ-lactone. They were structurally characterized by IR,1H NMR and MS. They reduced the surface tension of water to approximately 28–33 mN · m−1at concentration levels of (0.2–1.0) × 10−3mol · L−1, and reduced the interfacial tensions betweenn-octane and the aqueous surfactant solution to approximately 1–2 mN · m−1at concentration levels of (0.3–4.2) × 10−3mol · L−1.
Surfactant Assisted Enhancement of Bioremediation Rate for Hexavalent Chromium by Water Extract of Siris (Albizia lebbeck) Sawdust
Authors: Mukherjee Kakali , Ghosh Debranjan , Saha Bidyut 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Cr(VI) is introduced into environment as a byproduct of industries. It is highly toxic. Biosorption of hexavalent chromium by various types of sawdust appears as a very cost-effective alternative for decontamination of Cr(VI) bearing effluents. In this work water extract of siris sawdust is used for the bioremediation of hexavalent chromium. Cr(VI) ions were reduced to Cr(III) ions as a result of oxidation of organic components present in the water extract of siris sawdust. Formation of Cr(III) is proved by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Functional groups involved in the reduction of Cr(VI) are characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. Bioremediation rate is increased by the use of anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS) and neutral surfactant Triton-X-100 (TX-100). Here they act as micellar catalyst. Formation of micelles which is responsible for the catalysis of the process is proved by SEM and optical images of the solution. In absence of surfactants 39 % of the total chromium(VI) is reduced within 531 h whereas removal percentage increases upto 54 % in presence of TX-100. Again in presence of SDS the reduction process is almost 99 % complete within 531 h.
RNA interference targeting hypoxia-inducible factor 1α via a novel multifunctional surfactant attenuates glioma growth in an intracranial mouse model
Authors: Gillespie David L. , Aguirre Maria T. , Ravichandran Sandhya , Leishman Lisa L. , Berrondo Claudia , Gamboa Joseph T. , Wang Libo , King Rose , Wang Xuli , Tan Mingqian , Malamas Anthony , Lu Zheng-Rong , Jensen Randy L. 
Published: November 2014

OBJECT
High-grade gliomas are the most common form of adult brain cancer, and patients have a dismal survival rate despite aggressive therapeutic measures. Intratumoral hypoxia is thought to be a main contributor to tumorigenesis and angiogenesis of these tumors. Because hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) is the major mediator of hypoxia-regulated cellular control, inhibition of this transcription factor may reduce glioblastoma growth.

METHODS
Using an orthotopic mouse model with U87-LucNeo cells, the authors used RNA interference to knock down HIF-1α in vivo. The small interfering RNA (siRNA) was packaged using a novel multifunctional surfactant, 1-(aminoethyl) iminobis[N-(oleicylcysteinylhistinyl-1-aminoethyl)propionamide] (EHCO), a nucleic acid carrier that facilitates cellular uptake and intracellular release of siRNA. Stereotactic injection was used to deliver siRNA locally through a guide-screw system, and delivery/uptake was verified by imaging of fluorescently labeled siRNA. Osmotic pumps were used for extended siRNA delivery to model a commonly used human intracranial drug-delivery technique, convection-enhanced delivery.

RESULTS
Mice receiving daily siRNA injections targeting HIF-1α had a 79% lower tumor volume after 50 days of treatment than the controls. Levels of the HIF-1 transcriptional targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), c-MET, and carbonic anhydrase-IX (CA-IX) and markers for cell growth (MIB-1 and microvascular density) were also significantly lower. Altering the carrier EHCO by adding polyethylene glycol significantly increased the efficacy of drug delivery and subsequent survival.

CONCLUSIONS
Treating glioblastoma with siRNA targeting HIF-1α in vivo can significantly reduce tumor growth and increase survival in an intracranial mouse model, a finding that has direct clinical implications.
Clinical features and long-term outcomes of moyamoya disease: a single-center experience with 528 cases in China
Authors: Liu Xing-ju , Zhang Dong , Wang Shuo , Zhao Yuan-li , Teo Mario , Wang Rong , Cao Yong , Ye Xun , Kang Shuai , Zhao Ji-Zong 
Published: November 2014

OBJECT
The aim of this study was to describe the baseline clinical features and long-term outcomes of patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) based on a 25-year period at a single center in China.

METHODS
Data obtained in 528 consecutive patients with MMD treated at the authors' hospital from 1984 to 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Events of transient ischemic attack, new infarction, and hemorrhage were included. The Kaplan-Meier risk of stroke was calculated.

RESULTS
The mean (± SD) patient age was 26 ± 13 years (range 2–67 years), and the female/male ratio was 0.9:1. There were 332 cases of ischemia and 196 hemorrhages. Adults had a higher rate of bleeding than children (50.7% vs 14.0%, respectively; p < 0.001). One hundred twenty-two patients were treated conservatively, and 406 patients underwent revascularization procedures. Of 528 patients, 331 (62.7%) had at least 1 year of follow-up (median 39.5 months) and data from these patients were analyzed. Rebleeding and mortality rates in patients with hemorrhagic MMD (n = 104) were higher than in those with ischemic MMD (n = 227) (26.9% vs 2.2% [p < 0.001] and 4.8% vs 0.4% [p < 0.05], respectively). Twenty-five of 60 (41.7%) conservatively treated patients and 8 of 271 (2.9%) surgically treated patients experienced rebleeding events, a difference that was significant in the Kaplan-Meier curve of rebleeding (p < 0.01). An improvement in perfusion was found in 164 of 224 (73.2%) surgically treated patients 1 month after discharge. However, there was no significant difference in the rate of ischemic events in the surgical and conservative groups (18.8% and 28.3%, respectively; p = 0.09). Among the 104 hemorrhagic cases, rebleeding attacks were observed in 25 patients in the nonsurgical group (n = 60) and 3 patients in the surgical group (n = 44) (41.7% and 6.8%, respectively; OR 9.7 [95% CI 2.7–35.0]; p < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
There was no difference in the sex distribution of Chinese patients with MMD. Patients with hemorrhagic MMD had a much higher rate of rebleeding and poorer prognosis than those with the ischemic type. Surgical revascularization procedures can improve cerebral perfusion and have a positive impact in preventing rebleeding in patients with hemorrhagic MMD.
Le mouvement des « green bans »
Authors: Burgmann Verity , Felli Romain 
Published: November 2014

L’arme ultime des syndicats de travailleurs reste le refus de travailler. Dans les années 1970 en Australie, cette arme a été utilisée par des syndicats radicalisés afin de faire avancer des causes qui dépassaient largement l’intérêt immédiat de leurs membres et mettaient en avant la « responsabilité sociale et environnementale du travail ». En décrétant des boycotts pour raisons écologiques, sociales et urbanistiques, le syndicat de la construction à Sydney a créé une forme inédite de lutte écologique radicale en provenance de la classe ouvrière.
Les causes environnementales en Égypte
Authors: Steuer Clément 
Published: November 2014

L’Égypte – du fait des graves problèmes de pollution auxquels elle est confrontée, et de la vigueur des luttes sociales qui rythment son actualité depuis désormais une bonne décennie – a connu des modalités originales d’articulation des causes sociales et environnementales. Alors que la stratégie de politisation par le haut des questions écologiques, portée par le parti des Verts (?izb al-khu?r) depuis la fin des années 1980, a rapidement fait long feu, on a vu se multiplier ces dernières années, dans un contexte de montée de la contestation politique et sociale, des mouvements de protestation localisés rassemblant de larges secteurs de la population autour d’enjeux environnementaux. L’un de ces mouvements, organisé à Damiette en 2008, a même pu acquérir une visibilité nationale et obtenir en quelques mois d’importantes concessions de la part du gouvernement.
Un nouveau syndicalisme : ralentir l'engrenage de la production
Authors: Obach Brian , Grisoni Anahita 
Published: November 2014

Brian Obach met ici en scène la théorie de « l’engrenage de la production » (treadmill of production) de Allan Schnaiberg. Elle repose sur l’idée que la production est un processus dans lequel une diversité d’acteurs trouve son compte, et contribue donc à l’alimenter : l’État y trouve des recettes, les actionnaires des profits, les travailleurs des revenus. Mais dans le même temps cette même production dévore littéralement la planète, avec les conséquences que l’on connaît. Comment en sortir ? Obach ne croit pas aux mouvements de justice environnementale, qui sont importants mais resteront localisés et fragmentés. D’après lui, les mouvements de travailleurs incarnent la meilleure opposition à ce processus.
Chili 1973. « On a décidé de faire la lutte armée »
Authors: Cottin-Marx Simon 
Published: November 2014

Quand est-ce que la lutte armée est légitime ? C’est à partir de cette question qu’a été réalisé cet entretien avec José Maldavsky. Il partage avec nous une partie de son parcours : du Chili d’Allende à la résistance contre la dictature de Pinochet.
Ultrahigh-Speed Swept-Source OCT Angiography in Exudative AMD
Authors: Moult Eric , Choi WooJhon , Waheed Nadia K. , Adhi Mehreen , Lee ByungKun , Lu Chen D. , Jayaraman Vijaysekhar , Potsaid Benjamin , Rosenfeld Philip J. , Duker Jay S. , Fujimoto James G. 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the potential of ultrahigh-speed swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to visualize retinal and choroidal vascular changes in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Observational, prospective cross-sectional study. An ultrahigh-speed swept-source prototype was used to perform OCTA of the retinal and choriocapillaris microvasculature in 63 eyes of 32 healthy controls and 19 eyes of 15 patients with exudative AMD. Main outcome measure: qualitative comparison of the retinal and choriocapillaris microvasculature in the two groups.

RESULTS:
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was clearly visualized in 16 of the 19 eyes with exudative AMD, located above regions of severe choriocapillaris alteration. In 14 of these eyes, the CNV lesions were surrounded by regions of choriocapillaris alteration.

CONCLUSION:
OCTA may offer noninvasive monitoring of the retinal and choriocapillaris microvasculature in patients with CNV, which may assist in diagnosis and monitoring.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:496–505.]
Frequency of Vitreomacular Interface Disease in Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Institution
Authors: Xu Lucy T. , Punjabi Omar S. , Shao Jack , Ehlers Justis P. , Srivastava Sunil K. , Singh Rishi P. , Kaiser Peter K. 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the frequency of vitreomacular interface disease using a recently published optical coherence tomography (OCT) classification and assess which of these patients would qualify for ocriplasmin.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A retrospective, consecutive case series of patients with macular cyst, hole, or pseudohole (ICD-9 code 362.54) and concurrent OCT imaging was performed. Eyes were classified using OCT as pseudohole, lamellar hole, vitreomacular adhesion (VMA), vitreomacular traction (VMT), and full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). Minimum diameter (MD) of FTMH was measured.

RESULTS:
The study included 399 eyes of 331 patients. Of these, 61 eyes (15.3%) had VMA or VMT, 120 (30.0%) had a lamellar hole or pseudohole, and 218 (54.6%) had FTMH. Of eyes with FTMH, 73 were small (< 250 µm MD), 48 were medium (250 to 400 µm MD), and 97 were large (> 400 µm MD). Overall, 68 eyes (17.0%) would be candidates for ocriplasmin therapy.

CONCLUSION:
Most patients had FTMH, and 17% would qualify as candidates for ocriplasmin therapy.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:517–520.]
Response to Aflibercept After Frequent Re-treatment With Bevacizumab or Ranibizumab in Eyes With Neovascular AMD
Authors: Thorell Mariana R. , Nunes Renata Portella , Chen Gene W. , Doshi Rishi R. , Dugar Jyoti , George Mathew K. , Kim Brian T. , Lowrance Matthew D. , Modi Dimple , Nahas Zayna , Gregori Giovanni , Yehoshua Zohar , Feuer William , Rosenfeld Philip J. 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the effects of switching to aflibercept in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) requiring frequent re-treatment with bevacizumab or ranibizumab.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Retrospective review of 73 eyes of 65 patients with neovascular AMD switched to aflibercept due to persistent or recurrent macular fluid after at least 1 year of intravitreal bevacizumab or ranibizumab with re-treatment at least every 6 weeks. Minimum post-switch follow-up was 6 months. All patients were treated using a treat-and-extend strategy. The treatment intervals immediately after and before the switch were the same.

RESULTS:

The mean pre-switch anti-VEGF therapy duration was 45 months, and the mean number of injections was 31. In the 6 months after the switch, the average number of injections was reduced by 0.6 compared with the 6 months before the switch (
P
< .001). Visual acuity was unchanged during this period (
P
= .78). Central retinal thickness (CRT) decreased by 19 µm after the switch (
P
< .001). Seventy eyes had vascularized retinal pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs). The decrease in the PED cube-root volume during the 6 months after the switch was statistically significant (−0.07 mm;
P
= .007).

CONCLUSION:
The number of injections, CRT, and PED volume decreased significantly after the switch to aflibercept, but visual acuity was unchanged.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:526–533.]
Preclinical Investigations of Intravitreal Ziv-Aflibercept
Authors: de Oliveira Dias João Rafael , Badaró Emmerson , Novais Eduardo Amorim , Colicchio Daniel , Chiarantin Gabrielly Maria Denadai , Matioli Mariana Maurício , Verna Carina , Penha Fernando Marcondes , Barros Nilana Meza Tenório , Meyer Carsten H. , Farah Michel Eid , Rodrigues Eduardo Büchele 
Published: November 2014

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the retinal safety of intravitreal (IVT) ziv-aflibercept in rabbits.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Eighteen rabbits were given an IVT injection of ziv-aflibercept (25 mg/mL) or aflibercept (40 mg/mL) and examined by funduscopy, electroretinography (ERG), optical coherence tomography (OCT), light microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Serum, aqueous, and vitreous were obtained afterward for osmolarity analysis. The effect of ziv-aflibercept on human retinal cultured cells (ARPE-19) was assessed by the MTT cell viability assay.

RESULTS:
All eyes showed normal funduscopy, OCT, and ERG findings at baseline and 24 hours or 7 days after the procedure. Median baseline serum, vitreous, and aqueous osmolarity remained unchanged. Histology and TEM showed no major anatomic signs of toxicity. No cytotoxic effect was observed in ARPE-19 cells exposed to ziv-aflibercept.

CONCLUSION:
IVT injection ziv-aflibercept at a concentration of 25 mg/mL proved to be safe for the rabbit retina.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2014;45:577–584.]
Short Communications
Authors: Authors The 
Published: November 2014

<p>Report of <em>Maja</em> cf. <em>Maja</em> <em>squinado</em> (herbst, 1788) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Majidae) from the Early Pliocene of Cheglio (varese, northern Italy)</p><p> </p><p><em>In situ</em> hermit crab (Anomura, Paguroidea, Diogenidae) from the Pliocene of Castelnuovo Berardengo, (siena, Tuscany, Italy)</p>
Phase II Clinical Trial of Gefitinib for the Treatment of Chemonaïve Patients with Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer with Poor Performance Status
Authors: Karim Nagla Abdel , Musaad Salma , Zarzour Ahmad , Patil Sadanand , Jazieh Abdul Rahman 
Published: November 2014

Background Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have no curative treatment options; therefore, improving their quality of life (QOL) is an important goal. Gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, is a safe oral agent that may be of benefit to a specific population of NSCLC. Patients and Methods A Phase II clinical trial included chemonaïve patients with advanced NSCLC and poor performance status (PS). Response rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, QOL using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy – Lung (FACT-L) questionnaire, and Trial Outcome Index (TOI) were evaluated. Results Twelve out of 19 enrolled patients were evaluable. The median age for the evaluable patients was 68.8 years (59.7–74.6). Out of all the patients, 7 (58.3%) had adenocarcinoma and 5 (41.7%) had squamous cell carcinoma. The median duration of treatment was 62.5 days (26.5–115.0) in the evaluable patients. Grade 3/4 toxicities included fatigue, rash, diarrhea, and nausea. One patient had partial response, eight patients had stable disease (SD), and three patients progressed. The median overall survival for the evaluable population was 4.9 months (2.3–16). The median progression-free survival was 3.7 months (1.9–6.6). TOI was marginally associated with the overall survival, with a hazard ratio of 0.92 (95% confidence interval: 0.84, 1.0) ( P = 0.061). FACT-L score and the TOI were highly correlated ( r = 0.96, P < 0.0001). TOI scores were higher in African Americans compared to Caucasians and increased with age. Conclusion Our results suggest that gefitinib use in patients with NSCLC and poor PS may improve the QOL of older patients and African American patients.
Countable Dense Homogeneity in Powers of Zero-dimensional Definable Spaces
Authors: Medini Andrea 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWe show that for a coanalytic subspace X of 2ω, the countable dense homogeneity of Xω is equivalent to X being Polish. This strengthens a result of Hruˇs´ak and Zamora Avilés. Then, inspired by results of Hernández-Guti´errez, Hruˇs´ak, and van Mill, using a technique of Medvedev, we construct a non-Polish subspace X of 2ω such that Xω is countable dense homogeneous. This gives the ûrst ZFC answer to a question of Hruˇs´ak and Zamora Avil´es. Furthermore, since our example is consistently analytic, the equivalence result mentioned above is sharp. Our results also answer a question of Medini and Milovich. Finally, we show that if every countable subset of a zero-dimensional separable metrizable space X is included in a Polish subspace of X, then Xω is countable dense homogeneous.
Pandora's Fireworks; or, Questions Concerning Femininity, Technology, and the Limits of the Human
Authors: Marder Elissa 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
According to the legend from two ancient Greek texts by Hesiod, Pandora, the first woman, was artificially produced rather than naturally born. Drawing on the philological expertise of some of Hesiod's best readers, this article explores how Pandora renders the concept of the human unfamiliar and unnatural in ways that surprisingly resonate with contemporary challenges to androcentric models of life and death. As an amalgam of divine, bestial, and duplicitous qualities, Pandora simultaneously represents the category of the human and is excluded from it. Neither mere machine nor static image, Pandora is living machine. After Pandora, the human can no longer be thought in merely human or even humanizing terms: to be human is to bear a primal relation to artifice, imitation, technology, rhetoric, and death.
Canned Laughter
Authors: Gunn Joshua 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article argues that the example of (canned) laughter continues to trouble the human/machine binary that so many have troubled, from Descartes to Zupančič. Sounding various objects of “recorded” laughter through psychoanalytic tweeters, deconstructive warps, and object-oriented woofers implicates ontology as so much noise for the projection of certainty. Derivatively speaking, I argue for the primacy of a rhetorical ethics.
Regarding the Dead
Authors: Ballif Michelle 
Published: November 2014

AbstractArguing that the foundational relation that constitutes the (rhetorical) address is that between the living and the dead, this article calls on rhetorical studies to reconceive rhetoric as a (non)visual relation between the “invisible” (specter) and the “visible” (living). I then complicate this relation—and the easy distinction between the two—and argue that regarding the dead, guarding them, mourning them, is the ethical relation that makes any rhetorical address possible.