bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Making a Robust Interfacial Scaffold: Bijel Rheology and its Link to Processability
Authors: Lee Matthew N. , Thijssen Job H. J. , Witt Jessica A. , Clegg Paul S. , Mohraz Ali 
Published: September 2012

AbstractConfocal microscopy and rheology studies of two bijel systems are presented to elucidate relationships between the physicochemical properties of bijels and their ability to be utilized as soft matter templates for materials synthesis. For the first time, the origins of viscoelasticity in these systems are investigated using conventional rheometry and a direct correspondence between the elastic storage modulus, particle loading, and the departure from criticality is observed. Further, the rheological transitions that accompany fluid re‐mixing in bijels are characterized, providing key insights into the synergistic role of interfacial tension and interparticle interactions in mediating their mechanical robustness. Bijels that are predominantly stabilized by interfacial tension are also highly sensitive to gradients in chemical composition and more easily prone to mechanical failure during processing. Despite this increased sensitivity, a modified strategy for processing these more delicate systems is developed and its efficacy is demonstrated by synthesizing a bicontinuous macroporous hydrogel scaffold.
Bio‐Inspired Synthesis of Minerals for Energy, Environment, and Medicinal Applications
Authors: Kim Sungjin , Park Chan Beum 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBiomineralization, the natural pathway of assembling biogenic inorganic compounds, inspires us to exploit unique, effective strategies to fabricate functional materials with intricate structures. In this article, the recent advances in bio‐inspired synthesis of minerals—with a focus on those of calcium‐based minerals—and their applications to the design of functional materials for energy, environment, and biomedical fields are reviewed. Biomimetic mineralization is extending its application range to unconventional area such as the design of component materials for lithium‐ion batteries and elaborately structured composite materials utilizing carbon dioxide gas. Materials with highly enhanced mechanical properties are synthesized through emulating the nacre structure. Studies of bioactive minerals‐carbon hybrid materials show an expansion of potential applications to fields ranging from interdisciplinary science to practical engineering such as the fabrication of reinforced bone‐implantable materials.
Engineering the Regenerative Microenvironment with Biomaterials
Authors: Rice Jeffrey J. , Martino Mikaël M. , De Laporte Laura , Tortelli Federico , Briquez Priscilla S. , Hubbell Jeffrey A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractModern synthetic biomaterials are being designed to integrate bioactive ligands within hydrogel scaffolds for cells to respond and assimilate within the matrix. These advanced biomaterials are only beginning to be used to simulate the complex spatio‐temporal control of the natural healing microenvironment. With increasing understanding of the role of growth factors and cytokines and their interactions with components of the extracellular matrix, novel biomaterials are being developed that more closely mimic the natural healing environments of tissues, resulting in increased efficacy in applications of tissue repair and regeneration. Herein, the important aspects of the healing microenvironment, and how these features can be incorporated within innovative hydrogel scaffolds, are presented.
Electrochemical Performance of Porous Carbon/Tin Composite Anodes for Sodium‐Ion and Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Yunhua , Zhu Yujie , Liu Yihang , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe electrochemical performance of mesoporous carbon (C)/tin (Sn) anodes in Na‐ion and Li‐ion batteries is systematically investigated. The mesoporous C/Sn anodes in a Na‐ion battery shows similar cycling stability but lower capacity and poorer rate capability than that in a Li‐ion battery. The desodiation potentials of Sn anodes are approximately 0.21 V lower than delithiation potentials. The low capacity and poor rate capability of C/Sn anode in Na‐ion batteries is mainly due to the large Na‐ion size, resulting in slow Na‐ion diffusion and large volume change of porous C/Sn composite anode during alloy/dealloy reactions. Understanding of the reaction mechanism between Sn and Na ions will provide insight towards exploring and designing new alloy‐based anode materials for Na‐ion batteries.
Left ventricular noncompaction in patients with β‐thalassemia: Uncovering a previously unrecognized abnormality
Authors: Piga Antonio , Longo Filomena , Musallam Khaled M. , Veltri Andrea , Ferroni Francesca , Chiribiri Amedeo , Bonamini Rodolfo 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLeft ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy with potentially serious outcomes. It results in multiple and excessive trabeculations, deep intertrabecular recesses, and a thickened ventricular myocardium with two distinct layers, compacted and noncompacted. The condition is most commonly congenital; however, acquired forms have also been described. A recent report of LVNC detected in a β‐thalassemia twin suggested an association with cardiac siderosis. In a cross‐sectional study of 135 transfusion‐dependent patients with β‐thalassemia (130 major and 5 intermedia, mean age 29.6 ± 7.7 years, 49.6% males) presenting for cardiac iron assessment by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we evaluated the prevalence and risk factors for LVNC. None of the patients had neuromuscular or congenital heart disease. Eighteen patients (13.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.6–20.1) fulfilled the preassigned strict criteria for LVNC on cardiac MRI. There were no statistically significant differences between patients with and without LVNC with respect to demographics; hemoglobin levels; splenectomy status; systemic, hepatic, and cardiac iron overload indices; hepatic disease and infection studies; or iron chelator type. Patients with LVNC were more likely to have heart failure (adjusted odds ratio = 1.77; 95% CI = 0.29–10.89); although with high uncertainty. Patients with β‐thalassemia have a higher prevalence of LVNC than normal individuals. As this finding could not be explained by conventional risk factors in this patient population, further investigation of the underlying mechanisms of LVNC is warranted. This remains crucial for an entity with adverse cardiac outcomes, especially in patients with β‐thalassemia where cardiac disease remains a primary cause of mortality. Am. J. Hematol., 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Long‐term safety and efficacy of imatinib mesylate (Gleevec®) in elderly patients with chronic phase chronic myelogenous leukemia: Results of the AFR04 study
Authors: Rousselot Philippe , Cony‐Makhoul Pascale , Nicolini Franck , Mahon François Xavier , Berthou Christian , Réa Delphine , Reiffers Josy , Bornand Anne , Saint‐Jean Olivier , Guilhot Joelle , Guilhot François ,   on behalf of the French Intergroup For Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (Fi‐LMC)
Published: September 2012

AbstractData from registries suggest that the median age of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients is 10–15 years older than that of clinical trials. We conducted a prospective phase II study to evaluate imatinib mesylate (IM, 400 mg daily) in newly diagnosed chronic phase CML (CP‐CML) patients. Patients aged 70 years and over diagnosed with CP‐CML within 12 months were eligible. Thirty patients were enrolled from April 2002 to October 2004. Median age was 74.8 years (range, 70–90). Male/female ratio was 1.72. At inclusion, comorbidities were reported in all but one patient, Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics comorbidity mean index was 1.47, and 66% of patients had cardiovascular disease. The median daily IM dose was 392 mg (range, 256–445). IM was interrupted in patients with severe comorbidities. Treatment discontinuation was observed in 36.6% of patients. Cumulative incidence of complete cytogenetic response was 71.4 and 78.5% at 12 and 24 months, respectively. A high level of sustained responses was observed in patients with mild or moderate comorbidities. Seven‐year estimated overall survival was 80.8% (95% CI: 59.0–91.7). Two‐thirds of the patients were still on long‐term therapy at cut‐off, and no patients had died from progression. This trial was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as # NCT00219765. Am. J. Hematol. 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Synthesis of Aromatic Heterocycles from Propargylic Compounds
Authors: Jia‐Jie Wen , Zhu Yu , Zhan Zhuang‐Ping 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIt is well known that the aromatic heterocyclic compounds are the most ubiquitous motifs and are found in many natural products and pharmaceuticals that exhibit remarkable biological activities. Significant effort continues to be given to the development of new methods for their construction. Although a number of methods have been established to construct these compounds, the development of novel methods that allow the facile assembly of substituted heterocycles from readily available starting materials remains an important objective. In recent years, propargylic compounds that contain many reactive centers have attracted a lot of attention for their various transformations. Chemists have conducted a detailed investigation of their cyclization with nucleophiles. The cyclization of propargylic compounds with a variety of nucleophiles is a very efficient method for producing furans, pyrroles, thiazoles, indoles, imidazoles, indolizines, oxazoles, pyridines, quinolines, thiophenes, and so on. In this review, we highlight the substantial progress that has been made in this area between 2000 and mid‐2012, and give examples of the reactions of propargylic compounds with a variety of substrates to produce heterocycles.
Rescaling of aerial survey data with information from small numbers of telemetry tags to estimate the size of a declining harbour seal population
Authors: Lonergan Mike , Duck Callan , Moss Simon , Morris Chris , Thompson Dave 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACT

Estimates of both absolute abundance and trends in abundance are among the most basic pieces of information required for planning the conservation and management of wildlife populations. They are important for understanding both the current situation of species and potential risks to them.
This study presents estimates of the size of the harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) population associated with the Orkney Islands, a part of northern Scotland that used to contain one of the largest concentrations of this species in Europe.
The numbers of animals counted during aerial surveys of this area have decreased substantially over the period 2001–2010. ARGOS transmitters attached to flipper tags were used to rescale the counts into estimates of abundance and to confirm the rate of decline of this population.
Females hauled out for more of the survey window (0.84; bootstrap 95% CI: 0.63–0.99) than males (0.61; bootstrap 95% CI: 0.34–0.86). The animals hauled out less during weekends (0.57; bootstrap 95% CI: 0.40–0.74) than during the week (0.76; bootstrap 95% CI: 0.58–0.91).
The sex‐ratios of this population is unknown. Assuming it was close to 1:1, then there were around 3586 (bootstrap 95% CI: 2970–4542) harbour seals in Orkney in 2010. A female‐skewed sex‐ratio would reduce the population estimate, and a changing sex‐ratio might mean the counts understate the real decline.
The mean annual rate of decline in the Orkney population of harbour seals, over the period 2001–2010, is estimated at 13% (95% CI: 10.8–14.8). Similar data for Arisaig, on the west coast of Scotland, shows an increase of around 2% (95% CI: 1.5–2.4) and, assuming an equal sex‐ratio, 923 animals (95% CI: 765–1169) in 2007. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogen‐Bonding Interactions and Properties of Energetic Nitroamino[1,3,5]triazine‐Based Guanidinium Salts: DFT‐D and QTAIM Studies
Authors: Wang Fang , Du Hongchen , Liu Hui , Gong Xuedong 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe intramolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions and properties of a series of nitroamino[1,3,5]triazine‐based guanidinium salts were studied by using the dispersion‐corrected density functional theory method (DFT‐D). Results show that there are evident LP(N or O; LP=lone pair)→σ*(NH) orbital interactions related to O⋅⋅⋅HN or N⋅⋅⋅HN hydrogen bonds. Quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) was applied to characterize the intramolecular hydrogen bonds. For the guanidinium salts studied, the intramolecular hydrogen bonds are associated with a seven‐ or eight‐membered pseudo‐ring. The guanylurea cation is more helpful for improving the thermal stabilities of the ionic salts than other guanidinium cations. The contributions of different substituents on the triazine ring to the thermal stability increase in the order of NO2<NF2<N3(ONO2)<NH2. Energy decomposition analysis shows that the salts are stable owing to electrostatic and orbital interactions between the ions, whereas the dispersion energy has very small contributions. Moreover, the salts exhibit relatively high densities in the range of 1.62–1.89 g cm−3. The detonation velocities and pressures lie in the range of 6.49–8.85 km s−1and 17.79–35.59 GPa, respectively, which makes most of them promising explosives.
One‐Step Synthesis of Graphitic Nanoplatelets that are Decorated with Luminescent Carbon Nanoparticles as New Optical‐Limiting Materials
Authors: Hu Shengliang , Dong Yingge , Yang Jinlong , Liu Jun , Tian Fei , Cao Shirui 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGraphitic nanoplatelets (GNPs) and luminescent carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) are simultaneously synthesized by controlling the laser parameters and the size of the graphite flakes. Because luminescent CNPs are attached onto GNPs, a new carbon nanostructure is obtained. Compared with carbon black, GNPs, and luminescent CNPs alone, this nanostructure shows better optical‐limiting (OL) effects. The OL mechanism of GNPs that are decorated with luminescent CNPs can mainly be attributed to nonlinear scattering. The role of luminescent CNPs is to promote the formation and growth of nonlinear scattering bubbles, thereby enhancing their optical‐limiting effects.
Synthesis and Properties of Bisphosphole‐Bridged Ladder Oligophenylenes
Authors: Hanifi David , Pun Andrew , Liu Yi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractLadder‐type oligophenylenes (LOPP) with bridging heteroatoms are interesting systems as they offer novel electronic and photophysical properties on account of the rigid structural features, more efficient electron delocalization on the coplanar aromatic framework, and strong intermolecular interactions. LOPPs incorporating multiple phosphorous centers combine the excellent electronic properties of phospholes and rigidified conjugated framework of LOPPs, thus positioning themselves as an attractive class of organic semiconductors. To date, there still lacks an effective synthetic methodology towards LOPPs with multiple phosphorous bridges. Herein, we describe the synthesis and properties of a new class of bisphosphole‐bridged ladder oligo(p‐phenylene)s and the related phosphoxides. The synthesis of phospholes was achieved by a four‐fold free‐radical phosphanylation reaction of a tetrabromo p‐terphenylene or biphenyl‐thiophene. Sequential trapping of four highly reactive aryl radicals occurred effectively to give the desired phosphorous‐containing ladder compound. The oxides of the phospholes are shown to be strong fluorophores that can be used as potential n‐type building blocks for organic semiconducting materials.
Methode zur empirischen Prognose der Verformungen von sackungsanfälligen Lössböden
Authors: Meier Claas , Boley Conrad 
Published: September 2012

AbstractForschungstätigkeiten auf dem Gebiet der Sackungsanfälligkeit von Lössböden waren insbesondere zwischen den 30er und 80er Jahren des 20. Jahrhunderts von nationaler Individualität gekennzeichnet. Erst seit Anfang der 80er Jahre, mit Aufstellung der Arbeitsgruppe “Geotechnical Properties of Loess” der International Union for Quarternary Research (INQUA), ist eine international referenzierende Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Erfassung bodenmechanischer Eigenschaften von Lössböden zu verzeichnen. Der Schwerpunkt bisheriger Forschungsarbeiten lag auf der Erarbeitung sogenannter Kollapskriterien zur qualitativen Abschätzung des Sackungspotenzials bei einem Anstieg des Wassergehalts. Bisher durchgeführte geochemische Untersuchungen von Lössböden beschreiben zwar die mineralische Zusammensetzung, geben jedoch nur eingeschränkt Aufschluss über die Löslichkeit dieser Bestandteile in Wasser oder deren Einfluss auf das Sackungsverhalten.Am Institut für Bodenmechanik und Grundbau der Universität der Bundeswehr in München wurde erstmals der Anteil leicht wasserlöslicher mineralischer Bestandteile eines afghanischen Lössbodens ermittelt und anhand von Parameterstudien der Einfluss des Ton‐ und Kalkgehalts auf das Hydrokonsolidationsverhalten untersucht.Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse dienten als Grundlage für die Formulierung einer neuen, empirisch abgeleiteten Prognosemethode zur qualitativen Abschätzung der infolge Hydrokonsolidation zu erwartenden kollapsartigen Verformung (Kollapsverformung).Method for the empirical prediction of the collapse deformations of loess soilsResearch into the liability of loess ground to collapse was historically carried out at the level of individual nations, particularly between the 30s and 80s of the last century. Internationally linked research in the area of the identification of the characteristics of the soil mechanics of loess ground is only taking place since the beginning of the 80s with the formation of the Geotechnical Properties of Loess working group. The main effort of research work in the past has been in the derivation of so called Collapse Criteria for the qualitative estimation of collapse potential in relation to increasing water content. While geochemical examinations of loess soils carried out so far have described their mineral compositions, they have, however, only produced limited amounts of data about the water solubility of soil components and its influence on collapse liability.An initial examination of water soluble components of Afghan loess soils and of the influence of their clay and chalk contents on hydroconsolidation – on the basis of parameter studies – has been carried out at the Institute for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering at the University of the Bundeswehr in Munich.The resultant findings served as the basis for the formulation of a new, empirically derived prognosis method for the qualitative estimation of collapse‐type deformations which can be expected as a consequence of hydroconsolidation.
Flachgründung einer 400‐kV‐Schaltanlage am Kaspischen Meer
Authors: Gödecke Heinz‐Joachim , Viedenz Ulrich , Gödecke Jörg‐Henrik 
Published: September 2012

AbstractErdbebenerschütterungen können in sandigen im Grundwasser stehenden Gründungsböden zur Bodenverflüssigung mit einem erheblichen Porenwasserdruckaufbau führen. Dies ist weitläufig als Liquefaction bekannt. Durch den Aufbau des Porenwasserdruckes können die wirksamen Korn‐zu‐Korn‐Spannungen maßgeblich abgebaut und dadurch die Scherfestigkeiten im Untergrund vermindert werden. Im ungünstigsten Fall kann dies bis zum Grundbruchversagen der gesamten Bauwerksgründung führen, oder der Porenwasserdruck kann je nach Gründungstiefe und Sohlpressung die in den Untergrund eingebetteten Baukörper aufschwimmen lassen. Nachfolgend wird vom Bau einer 400‐kV‐ Hochspannungsanlage zur Stromversorgung des stark von Erdbeben beanspruchten Südwestens am Kaspischen Meer berichtet und vom geotechnischen Entwurf der dort flach gegründet ausgeführten Einzelfundamente, die für den Lastfall der Bodenverflüssigung beim Bemessungerdbeben auszulegen waren.Shallow foundation of a 400‐kV‐substation at the Caspian Sea with shear failure analysis at liquefactionEarthquakes in case of high ground water tables in sandy foundation soils could lead to liquefaction with remarkable pore water pressure. By this pore water pressure the effective grain‐to‐grain‐stresses and thus the shear strength of the subsoil could be reduced significantly. As a worst case scenario this may result in a shear failure of the entire building foundation, or depending on the foundation depth and pressure the foundation structures due to the pore water pressure may be damaged by uplift. Subsequently it will be reported about the construction of a 400 kV substation for the power supply in the southwest of the Caspian Sea. For this area heavily exposed by earthquakes the geotechnical conceptual design for the foundation with shallow single footings will be highlighted, which had to be designed for the load case of liquefaction due to the design earthquake.
Die 5. Auflage der Empfehlungen des Arbeitskreises Baugruben
Authors: Hettler Achim 
Published: September 2012

AbstractMit der Einführung des Eurocode 7 einschließlich Nationalem Anhang und ergänzenden Regeln der DIN 1054 wurde eine Anpassung der 4. Auflage der Empfehlungen des Arbeitskreises “Baugruben” (EAB) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geotechnik erforderlich. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden die wesentlichen Änderungen der 5. Auflage vorgestellt und kommentiert.The fifth edition of the “Recommendations on excavations”Introducing Eurocode 7 including the national rules it was necessary to revise the fourth edition of the “Recommendations on excavations” of the German Committee for excavations. In the contribution the essential modifications of the fifth edition are discussed and commented.
Neural tube defects on the Texas‐Mexico border: What we've learned in the 20 years since the Brownsville cluster
Authors: Suarez Lucina , Felkner Marilyn , Brender Jean D. , Canfield Mark , Zhu Huiping , Hendricks Katherine A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe reviewed the published findings from the Texas Neural Tube Defect Project, a 6‐year case‐control study (1995–2000) of neural tube defects (NTDs) on the Texas‐Mexico border. In this review, we highlight what was learned about environmental, genetic, and nutritional factors (i.e., those related to the folate and other metabolic pathways) and the novel putative risk factors that emerged from this study of Mexican American women living on the Texas‐Mexico border. Our investigations of the micronutrients and metabolic pathways involved confirmed the findings of other researchers that increased folate intake has a protective effect and that low serum B12, high serum homocysteine levels, and obesity independently contribute to risk. Studies of this population also have implicated hyperinsulinemia and low ferritin, metabolic risk factors, which require additional study to elucidate their physiologic mechanism. Environmental contaminants such as heavy metals, pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which were of community concern, did little to explain NTD risk. Studies in this folic acid deficit‐population also revealed several novel risk factors, namely, diarrhea, stress, fumonisins, and the combination of nitrosatable drug exposure with high nitrate/nitrite intake. In conclusion, the 23 studies among the Mexican American women living along the Texas‐Mexico border have demonstrated the multifactorial nature of NTDs and that a population deficient in folic acid will be vulnerable to a variety of insults whether brought on by individual behaviors (e.g., obesity) or through the surrounding environment (e.g., fumonisins). Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.