bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNAmotifs: prediction of multivalent RNA motifs that control alternative splicing
Authors: Cereda Matteo , Pozzoli Uberto , Rot Gregor , Juvan Peter , Schweitzer Anthony , Clark Tyson , Ule Jernej 
Published: January 2014

AbstractRNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate splicing according to position-dependent principles, which can be exploited for analysis of regulatory motifs. Here we present RNAmotifs, a method that evaluates the sequence around differentially regulated alternative exons to identify clusters of short and degenerate sequences, referred to as multivalent RNA motifs. We show that diverse RBPs share basic positional principles, but differ in their propensity to enhance or repress exon inclusion. We assess exons differentially spliced between brain and heart, identifying known and new regulatory motifs, and predict the expression pattern of RBPs that bind these motifs. RNAmotifs is available at https://bitbucket.org/rogrro/rna_motifs.
Altered synapses in a Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Mhatre Siddhita D. , Satyasi Vivek , Killen Mark , Paddock Brie E. , Moir Robert D. , Saunders Aleister J. , Marenda Daniel R. 
Published: January 2014

AbstractAlzheimer's Disease (AD) is an age related neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and decreased synaptic function. Advances in transgenic animal models of AD have facilitated our understanding of this disorder, and have aided in the development, speed, and efficiency of testing potential therapeutics. Recently, we have described the characterization of a novel model of AD in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, where we expressed the human AD associated proteins APP and BACE in the central nervous system of the fly. Here we describe synaptic defects in the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) in this model. Our results indicate that expression of human APP and BACE at the larval NMJ lead to defective larval locomotion behavior, decreased pre-synaptic connections, altered mitochondrial localization in presynaptic motor neurons, and decreased postsynaptic protein levels. Treating larvae expressing APP and BACE with the γ-secretase inhibitor L-685, 458 suppresses the behavioral defects as well as the pre- and postsynaptic defects. We suggest that this model will be useful to assess and model the synaptic dysfunction normally associated with AD, and will also serve as a powerful in vivo tool for rapid testing of potential therapeutics for AD.
Genetic and environmental determinants of insect herbivore community structure in a Betula pendula population
Authors: Silfver Tarja , Rousi Matti , Oksanen Elina , Roininen Heikki 
Published: January 2014

A number of recent studies have shown that intraspecific genetic variation of plants may have a profound effect on the herbivorous communities which depend on them. However less is known about the relative importance of intraspecific variation compared to other ecological factors, for example environmental variation or the effects of herbivore damage. We randomly selected 22Betula pendulagenotypes from a local population (< 0.9 ha), cloned them and planted cloned seedlings on two study sites separated at a regional scale (distance between sites about 30 km) to examine an insect community of 23-27 species on these genotypes.B. pendulagenotypes did not differ in their species richness, but the total mean abundance and the structure of the insect herbivore community was significantly affected by the genotype, which could account for up to 27% of the total variation in community structure.B. pendulagenotype accounted for two to four times more variation in the arthropod community structure than did environmental (block) variation on a local scale, while on a regional scale, genotypic and environmental (site) variation accounted for 4-14% of the arthropod community structure. The genetic effects were modified by environmental variation on both a local and regional scale over one study year, and locally, the largest part of the variation (38%) could be explained by the genotype × environment (block) interactions. Suppression of insect herbivores during one growing season led to changed arthropod community structure in the following growing season, but this effect was minimal and could explain only 4% of the total variation in insect community structure. Our results suggest that both genetic and environmental factors are important determinants of the community structure of herbivorous insects. Together these mechanisms appear to maintain the high diversity of insects inB. pendulaforest ecosystems.
Nadpisy operowe w Polsce – między teorią a praktyką
Authors: Rędzioch‑Korkuz Anna 
Published: January 2014

Opera Surtitling in Poland: Theory and Practice
The article discusses opera surtitling, which has been used in many opera houses around the world for over thirty years. It seems, however, that this particular AVT type has been hardly discussed by both scholars and practitioners. Therefore, it seems almost impossible to indicate any widely accepted standards or surtitling paradigms. Consequently, the dichotomy between theory and practice appears unavoidable. It is partly due to a more traditional understanding of translation, which apparently needs to be revisited in order to make surtitling an example of a translation activity aimed at translating a semiotic complex rather than a libretto.
The contamination of intravenous fluids by writing on the infusion bag: Fact or fiction?
Authors: Langston James Daniel , Monaghan William Patrick , Bush Mellissa 
Published: January 2014

Introduction -Laboratory experiments were conducted to ascertain whether Sharpie® brand black permanent marker ink will permeate through intravenous infusion bags. The practice of writing directly on infusion bags is a frequent yet controversial practice. There are no known written standards that exist which pertain to this practice. Methods – Five types of intravenous bags containing different solutions marked with black ink from a fine point felt tipped Sharpie® marker. Sample extraction occurred after infusion bags had been warmed to 40 C or remained ambient. Spectrophotometric scans and measurements were conducted at 300 to 600 NM on each solution contained in the experimental bags. Writing with Sharpie® pens on filter paper and surgical tape was also conducted. Results – A total of 17 experiments were conducted with intravenous bags of five different types of manufacture. There appeared to be no visible or ultraviolet spectrophotometric evidence of leaching of the ink from Sharpie® pens. Four different lot numbers of Sharpie® pens were used. Surgical tape that was written on using Sharpie® markers readily exhibited visible evidence of permeability. Discussion - The experiments conducted would appear to indicate that the infusion containers tested maintained an intact barrier to the application of Sharpie® brand permanent marker ink. Writing on surgical tape does not stop the permeability of Sharpie® pens. This study could serve as a suitable pilot study for others to conduct a much more comprehensive study using a greater number of intravenous containers, solutions and ink markers. Keywords: Fluid therapy, infusion, ink, intravenous, writing.
Inversionsbasierte optimale Steuerung von Batch-Kristallisationsprozessen zur Enantiomertrennung
Authors: Hofmann Steffen , Raisch Jörg 
Published: January 2014

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird zunächst eine inversionsbasierte Steuerung zur Realisierung vorgegebener Kristallgrößenverteilungen beim simultanen Batchbetrieb der bevorzugten Kristallisation in zwei gekoppelten Gefäßen unter symmetrischen Bedingungen behandelt. Anschließend wird ein Verfahren zur Minimierung der Batchdauer bei gegebener Reinheit und Produktmenge vorgestellt, welches auf der orbitellen Flachheit eines idealisierten Modells basiert. Die vorgeschlagene Methode wird anhand eines Beispiels mittels eines rechenintensiveren Verfahrens überprüft.
Performance of Modified WMA Mixtures Prepared Using the Same Class PG Binders of HMA Mixtures
Authors: Kim Sungun , Park Jiyong , Lee Sungjin , Kim Kwang W. 
Published: January 2014

Abstract
When the same class performance graded (PG) binders are used, the asphalt mixtures using the same aggregate and gradation are expected to perform similarly whether they are the hot-mix asphalt (HMA) or warm-mix asphalt (WMA). In this study, HMA and WMA mixtures with the same class PG binders were used to compare their performance. Two high-temperature (60°C) rut-related properties were evaluated, the wheel tracking (WT) and the strength against deformation (SD). One ambient-temperature (25°C) property, the indirect tensile strength (St), was also evaluated. The performance grades of normal (unmodified) and modified binders for all WMA and HMA mixtures were 64-22 and 76-22, respectively. According to study results, the modified WMA mixtures, which were short-term aged at 135°C, did not show high enough SD and WT resistance at 60°C than the HMA mixtures prepared using the same class PG binders, 76-22. However, the same WMA mixtures were found to be similar to or better than HMA mixtures in St. Therefore, it was found that tensile strength of WMA mixtures was not inferior to HMA at ambient temperature. However, rut-related properties of modified WMA mixtures were observed to be inferior to the same PG HMA mixtures at high service temperature.
Multilingualism and longitudinal language contact in the German-Danish border region
Authors: Fredsted Elin 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThe topic of this article is the structural similarity of neighboring languages belonging to two different branches of the Germanic languages.The German-Danish border region is characterized by longitudinal language contact between West and North Germanic varieties which have developed common features not to be found in other varieties of these languages spoken outside the contact area. These shared features are results of contact and/or of language shift(s). This paper focuses on convergence in verb phrases. Nine examples of different aspects of verbal convergences are presented covering mainly semantic and syntactical code-copying.
Symmetric and asymmetric alternations in direct object encoding
Authors: Iemmolo Giorgio 
Published: January 2014

AbstractThis paper examines two different strategies found in direct object encoding on the basis of a sample of 159 languages. In particular, this paper deals with the differences between symmetric (i.e. the alternation between two or more overt markers) and asymmetric (i.e. the alternation between a zero and one of more overt markers) alternations. The investigation is aimed at determining whether there are any evident cross-linguistic regularities with respect to the factors involved in these two kinds of alternation. It will be argued that the difference in the formal realization of direct object encoding is related to the distinct functions that these two structures perform cross-linguistically.While asymmetric alternations are regulated by referential properties of the direct object referent, symmetric alternations are governed by parameters related to verbal semantics, such as affectedness and boundedness, polarity, and quantification.
A Journey in Science: Promise, Purpose, Privilege
Authors: Nathan Carl 
Published: January 2014

AbstractReal innovations in medicine and science are historic and singular; the stories behind each occurrence are precious. At Molecular Medicine we have established the Anthony Cerami Award in Translational Medicine to document and preserve these histories. The monographs recount the seminal events as told in the voice of the original investigators who provided the crucial early insight. These essays capture the essence of discovery, chronicling the birth of ideas that created new fields of research; and launched trajectories that persisted and ultimately influenced how disease is prevented, diagnosed, and treated. In this volume, the first Cerami Award Monograph, by Carl Nathan, MD, chairman of the Department of Microbiology and Immunology at Weill Cornell Medical College, reflects towering genius and soaring inspiration.
ARA 290 Improves Symptoms in Patients with Sarcoidosis-Associated Small Nerve Fiber Loss and Increases Corneal Nerve Fiber Density
Authors: Dahan Albert , Dunne Ann , Swartjes Maarten , Proto Paolo L. , Heij Lara , Vogels Oscar , van Velzen Monique , Sarton Elise , Niesters Marieke , Tannemaat Martijn R. , Cerami Anthony , Brines Michael 
Published: January 2014

AbstractSmall nerve fiber loss and damage (SNFLD) is a frequent complication of sarcoidosis that is associated with autonomic dysfunction and sensory abnormalities, including pain syndromes that severely degrade the quality of life. SNFLD is hypothesized to arise from the effects of immune dysregulation, an essential feature of sarcoidosis, on the peripheral and central nervous systems. Current therapy of sarcoidosis-associated SNFLD consists primarily of immune suppression and symptomatic treatment; however, this treatment is typically unsatisfactory. ARA 290 is a small peptide engineered to activate the innate repair receptor that antagonizes inflammatory processes and stimulates tissue repair. Here we show in a blinded, placebo-controlled trial that 28 d of daily subcutaneous administration of ARA 290 in a group of patients with documented SNFLD significantly improves neuropathic symptoms. In addition to improved patient-reported symptom-based outcomes, ARA 290 administration was also associated with a significant increase in corneal small nerve fiber density, changes in cutaneous temperature sensitivity, and an increased exercise capacity as assessed by the 6-minute walk test. On the basis of these results and of prior studies, ARA 290 is a potential disease-modifying agent for treatment of sarcoidosis-associated SNFLD.
Restoring the Tower of Babel: How Foreign Firms Communicate with U.S. Investors
Authors: Lundholm Russell J. , Rogo Rafael , Zhang Jenny Li 
Published: January 2014

ABSTRACT:
We examine the readability of text and the use of numbers in the annual filings and earnings press releases of foreign firms listed on U.S. stock exchanges. We find that foreign firms generally write clearer text and present relatively more numerical data than their U.S. firm counterparts. More importantly, we find that the readability of the text and use of numbers increases as the foreign firms get geographically further from the U.S. It also increases as the foreign firm's home country has greater differences in accounting standards or investor protection laws relative to the U.S. Further corroborating our results, we also find that these communication efforts are partially successful. Within a country, firms that produce relatively more readable disclosures attract relatively more U.S. institutional ownership. Collectively, our results suggest that foreign firms are responding to a perceived reluctance on the part of U.S. investors to own them and attempt to lower the investors' information disadvantage or psychological distance by providing clearer and more concrete disclosures.
Psychiatric Co-morbidity in HIV/AIDS: A Neglected Issue
Authors: Subedi S , Chalise P , Aich TK , Thapa DK 
Published: January 2014

HIV/AIDS epidemic remains among the most significant challenges to public healthcare systems worldwide . There are approximately 50,200 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in Nepal among the total 33 million PLHAs . Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a significant cause of death and disability, especially in developing countries. Studies have shown that there is a bidirectional link between Mental illness and HIV/AIDS. However, mental illnesses are under detected in HIV/AIDS care settings. In spite of a good financial support from international partners, PLHA in Nepal do not receive necessary psychiatric services. Psychiatric illness in patients with HIV/AIDS has been associated with negative health behaviors and poorer clinical outcomes. This article, therefore, aims to highlight this issue among the stakeholders by reviewing the research on the topic in Nepal and making them aware of the need to DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9718 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 6-10
A Descriptive study of referral in Department of Psychiatry in Tertiary Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Chapagai M , Dangol KM , Ojha SP , Rana M , Tulachan P 
Published: January 2014

Background There are many definition of liaison psychiatry. The American Academy of psychosomatic medicine has suggested the term “medical and surgical psychiatry”. Much of the literature on Consultation Liaison (C-L) Psychiatry concerns the psychiatric assessment and management of patients in a general hospital. Method This was a descriptive study consisting of all the cases referred for liaison psychiatric consultation from inpatient units of various departments of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, between October 2012 to April 2013. Patients of any age and of either gender were included. Result A total of 95 patients were referred from different departments of the hospital for liaison psychiatric consultation within the 6 months period. Majority of the subjects were male .The mean age of the subjects was 42.47 years (±19.98). Neurotic and stress-related disorders were seen associated with female. Conclusion: Mainly young adults and adult between 21-50 years of age are referred for liaison. Neurotic and stress-related disorders (30.5%), organic mental disorders (27.4%) and mental and behavioral disorders due to substance use cases (16.8%) were mainly referred for liaison psychiatric consultation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9721 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 22-25
Prevalence of depression in Patients with Epilepsy: A study from Tribhuvan University- Teaching Hospital
Authors: Adhikari AP , Ojha SP , Chapagai M , Tulachan P 
Published: January 2014

Background: Epilepsy is often associated with mental and behavioral problems. Depression is one of the commonest psychiatric comorbidity among patients suffering from epilepsy leading to poorer seizure control and adversely affecting their quality of life. The objectives of this study were to know the prevalence of depression among patients with epilepsy and to see for any association with demographic and clinical variables. Method: A cross sectional study was carried out in patients with epilepsy attending psychiatry outpatient department in a tertiary care hospital, Tribhuvan University-Teaching Hospital (TUTH). All consecutive patients with epilepsy meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were involved in the study after obtaining informed consent. Depression was diagnosed using semi structured proforma and ICD-10 DCR criteria. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 and analysis carried out using descriptive statistics. Results: Out of total 68 patients, 58.8% were male. About 54.4% of subjects were single and 26.5%were students. Out of the total subject, 79.4% were from rural areas. About 37%cases were having depression at the time of the interview. Male gender, younger age, having generalized epilepsy was more associated with depression. Conclusion: Depression was found to be highly prevalent psychiatric co- morbidity among the patients with epilepsy. Patients of younger age group, men and having generalized epilepsy were more prone to have depression. The study emphasized need for proper psychiatric evaluation for overall management of patients with epilepsy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9725 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 39-42
Psychogenic Blindness: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Dutta A , Poudel R , Thapa LJ , Pokhrel B 
Published: January 2014

Psychogenic blindness is a type of dissociative sensory loss which is characterized by unilateral or bilateral loss of vision/poor vision in the absence of any organic cause. We present a case of psychogenic blindness in a 21 years old female, 32 weeks primigravida who had presented with both eye complete loss of vision of 6 days duration. On admission , ophthalmological and neurological examination revealed no abnormality of visual pathways . Psychoeducation and reaasurance lead to complete visual recovery after 12 hrs of first psychiatric intervention. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9729 J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 49-51
Stereotactic radiosurgery for Spetzler-Martin Grade III arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Kano Hideyuki , Flickinger John C. , Yang Huai-che , Flannery Thomas J. , Tonetti Daniel , Niranjan Ajay , Lunsford L. Dade 
Published: January 2014

Object
The purpose of this study was to define the outcomes and risks of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for Spetzler-Martin (SM) Grade III arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).

Methods
Between 1987 and 2009, SRS was performed in 474 patients with SM Grade III AVMs. The AVMs were categorized by scoring the size (S), drainage (D), and location (L): IIIa was a small AVM (S1D1L1, N = 282); IIIb was a medium/deep AVM (S2D1L0, N = 44); and IIIc was a medium/eloquent AVM (S2D0L1, N = 148). The median target volume was 3.8 ml (range 0.1–26.3 ml) and the margin dose was 20 Gy (range 13–25 Gy). Eighty-one patients (17%) underwent prior embolization, and 58 (12%) underwent prior resection.

Results
At a mean follow-up of 89 months, the total obliteration rates documented by angiography or MRI for all SM Grade III AVMs increased from 48% at 3 years to 69% at 4 years, 72% at 5 years, and 77% at 10 years. The SM Grade IIIa AVMs were more likely to obliterate than other subgroups. The cumulative rate of hemorrhage was 2.3% at 1 year, 4.4% at 2 years, 5.5% at 3 years, 6.4% at 5 years, and 9% at 10 years. The SM Grade IIIb AVMs had a significantly higher cumulative rate of hemorrhage. Symptomatic adverse radiation effects were detected in 6%.

Conclusions
Treatment with SRS was an effective and relatively safe management option for SM Grade III AVMs. Although patients with residual AVMs remained at risk for hemorrhage during the latency interval, the cumulative 10-year 9% hemorrhage risk in this series may represent a significant reduction compared with the expected natural history.
Scholarly, digital, open: an impossible triangle?
Authors: Goodfellow Robin 
Published: January 2014

Contemporary approaches to the digital transformation of practice in university research and teaching sometimes assume a convergence between the digital and openness. This assumption has led to the idea of ‘digital open scholarship,’ which aims to open up scholarship to participants from outside academic scholarly communities. But scholarship, digitality and openness exist in tension with each other – we can see the individual features of each, but we cannot make sense of the whole picture. It resembles an ‘impossible triangle’. Particularly confounding is the tension between digital scholarship and open knowledge, where the former is focused on the creation by specialist communities of knowledge of a stable and enduring kind, whilst the latter is characterised by encyclopaedic knowledge and participation that is unbounded by affiliation or location. However, we need not be permanently thwarted by the apparent impossibility of this triangle. It is a stimulus to look critically at the contexts of practice in which a relationship between scholarship, digitality and openness is sought. Constructive examples of such critique can be found in the emerging research field of literacy and knowledge practice in the digital university.Keywords: open scholarship, digital scholarship, research, public engagement, literacy, digital university(Published: 31 January 2014)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2014, 21: 21366 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v21.21366