bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of oral metformin in preventing and treating age-related macular degeneration: A meta-analysis
Authors: Elhalag Rowan H. , Mohamed Mai Saad , Abowafia Marwan , Mourid Marina Ramzy , Mahmoud Nada , Abourady Youmna , Ghali Paula , Moussa Momen Hassan , Shah Jaffer , Motawea Karam R. 
Published: July 2024

Background:
We aimed to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of metformin on age-related macular degeneration.

Methods:
We searched the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. We included any randomized control trials, prospective and retrospective cohorts, cross-sectional studies, and case–control studies that investigated the effect of metformin on age-related macular degeneration in our meta-analysis with no age or language restrictions. Review manager software, version 5.4 was used to perform the meta-analysis.

Results:
Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis with 1,447,470 patients included in the analysis. The pooled analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the metformin group and the non-metformin group regarding age-related macular degeneration (odds ratio [OR] = 0.37, confidence interval [CI] = (0.14–1.02), P = .05). Subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant difference between metformin group and non-metformin group regarding age-related macular degeneration in present or past metformin usage (OR = 0.19, CI = (0.03–1.1), P = .06), (OR = 0.61, CI = (0.25–1.45), P = .26), respectively, The pooled analysis showed no statistically significant difference between age-related macular degeneration group and control group regarding metformin usage (OR = 0.86, CI = (0.74–1.00), P = .05). The subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the age-related macular degeneration group and control group in <2 years of metformin usage and 2 years or more (OR = 0.89, CI = (0.52–1.52), P = .67), (OR = 0.95, CI = (0.82–1.10), P = .47), respectively.

Conclusion:
Our study revealed no role of metformin in decreasing age-related macular degeneration risk in past or present usage. More RCTs are needed to support our findings in evaluating the actual role of metformin in age-related macular degeneration.
Global scientific trends on exosomes therapy for osteoporosis from 2004 to 2023: A bibliometric and visualized analysis
Authors: Lv He , Feng Zhe , Chen Xingyu , Zhang Zhenyu , Zhou Tianhao , Wei Jihu , Feng Lin , Tao Yizi , Chen Feng , Lu Shijin 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Exosomes have emerged as pivotal mediators in modulating physiological and pathological processes implicated in osteoporosis (OP) through their distinctive mode of intracellular communication. The use of exosomes has evoked considerable interest, catalyzing a surge in research endeavors on a global scale. This study endeavors to scrutinize contemporary landscapes and burgeoning trends in this realm.

Methods:
The Web of Science Core Collection was used to retrieve publications on exosomes therapy for OP within the time frame of January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2023. The bibliometric methodology was applied to study and index the collected data. VOSviewer and citespace software were used to conduct visualization, co-authorship, co-occurrence, and publication trend analyses of exosome therapy in OP.

Results:
A total of 610 publications (443 articles and 167 reviews) from 51 countries and 911 institutions were included in this study. Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Central South University, Sichuan University, and Zhejiang University are leading research institutions in this field. Stem Cell Research Therapy published the highest number of articles and has emerged as the most cited journal. Of the 4077 scholars who participated in the study, Xie, Hui, Zhang, Yan, Tan, and Yi-Juan had the largest number of articles. Furthermore, according to the cluster analysis of external keywords, future research hotspots can be categorized into 3 directions: research status of exosomes for the treatment of OP, treatment of OP through exosome-regulated signaling pathways, and exosomes as targeted drug delivery systems.

Conclusion:
This study suggests that the number of future publications on exosome therapy for OP will increase, with a focus on fundamental investigations into drug-loading capacities and molecular mechanisms. In summary, this study presents the first systematic bibliometric analysis of exosome therapy publications in OP, providing an objective and comprehensive overview of the field and a valuable reference for researchers in this domain.
Analgesic treatment for refractory cancer pain caused by gastric cancer bone metastasis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Wang Dan , Jiang Ting , Zheng Lingli , Liu Chaomin , Fan Xiaomei , Li Yan , Li Jing 
Published: July 2024

Rationale:
Patients with bone metastasis-associated cancer pain often experience a complex mix of pain types. Consequently, the use of multimodal combination therapy is essential. While monitoring for common adverse reactions in pain treatment, it is also crucial to be vigilant for the rare but serious serotonin syndrome.

Patient concerns:
A 53-year-old female with metastatic gastric cancer was hospitalized due to severe, uncontrolled thoracic and cervical pain. During the titration of her cancer pain medication, she developed serotonin syndrome.

Diagnoses:
He was diagnosed with refractory cancer pain and serotonin syndrome.

Interventions:
The complete process of cancer pain medication in a patient with gastric cancer and bone metastasis was analyzed, with a primary focus on the selection of analgesic medications, adjustment of opioid dosages, and prevention and treatment of medication-associated adverse reactions.

Outcomes:
The patient’s cancer pain was well controlled, with the prompt management of adverse reactions. Furthermore, by adjusting the medication regimen, intolerable adverse reactions were prevented.

Lessons:
In clinical settings, personalized analgesic regimens must be developed for patients with cancer pain to enhance patient compliance with medication, prevent the occurrence of severe adverse reactions, and improve the overall quality of life of patients with cancer. Healthcare professionals should pay increased attention to ADRs associated with opioid medications, whereas pharmacists should assist them in promptly identifying ADRs.
Endoscopic injection of lauromacrogol foam sclerotherapy for rectal cavernous hemangioma: A case report
Authors: Chen Ling , Chen FengYu , Jiang Tong , Deng Yue , Shi GuoQing 
Published: July 2024

Rationale:
Rectal cavernous hemangioma is a rare, benign vascular disease that seldom causes lower gastrointestinal bleeding, characterized by a high rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses. Surgical treatment is considered to be relatively effective; however, it is accompanied by certain employed in the treatment of superficial hemangioma, boasting the advantages of minimally invasive surgery, including safety, effectiveness, reduced trauma, and rapid recovery. However, there is a lack of literature regarding the application of foam sclerosing agents for gastrointestinal hemangiomas.

Case concerns:
We present a case of a 60-year-old male who was admitted to our hospital with a history of recurrent hematochezia for >1 year and worsening symptoms for 1 week. The patient's medical history was unremarkable.

Diagnoses:
Following colonoscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and other examinations, the final diagnosis was rectal cavernous hemangioma.

Interventions:
Due to the patient’s refusal of surgery, endoscopic foam sclerotherapy using a lauromacrogol injection was performed after obtaining informed consent from the patient and their relatives.

Outcomes:
Post-sclerotherapy, hematochezia symptoms ceased, and no adverse reactions were observed. Two months later, colonoscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging showed that the hemangioma had almost completely disappeared, with only a small amount of tumor remnants, yielding a satisfactory curative effect.

Conclusion:
Our findings indicate that endoscopic injection of a lauromacrogol foam sclerosing agent is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment option for gastrointestinal cavernous hemangiomas.
Paradoxical cognitive and language function recovery by zolpidem in a patient with traumatic brain injury: A case report
Authors: Li Jia , Li Haozheng , Peng Cheng , Xu Weijian , Chen Qiang , Liu Gang 
Published: July 2024

Background:Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health issue, often resulting from traffic accidents and falls, leading to a wide spectrum of outcomes from mild concussions to severe brain damage. The neurorehabilitation of TBI focuses on enhancing recovery and improving quality of life. Zolpidem, traditionally used for short-term management of insomnia, has shown potential in improving cognitive functions and language in TBI patients. Advances in neuroimaging techniques, such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), have facilitated the exploration of the effects of therapeutic interventions on brain activity and functional connectivity in TBI patients.Case summary:We present the case of a 34-year-old male who sustained a TBI from a traffic collision. Despite severe impairments in cognitive and language functions, administration of 10 mg of zolpidem resulted in temporary but significant improvements in these areas, as evidenced by increased Mini-Mental State Examination scores and observed behavioral changes. fNIRS assessments before and after zolpidem administration revealed notable changes in cerebral cortex activity, including increased left hemisphere activation and a shift in functional connectivity to the bilateral frontal lobes, corresponding with the patient’s improvement.Conclusion:This case study highlights the potential of zolpidem, a medication traditionally used for insomnia, in enhancing cognitive and verbal functions in a patient with TBI, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for zolpidem in neurorehabilitation, supported by changes in brain activity and connectivity observed through fNIRS. However, further investigation is warranted to validate these findings and elucidate zolpidem’s long-term effects on cognitive and functional outcomes in TBI patients.
The Impact of an Online Preceptorship Training Program on Preceptor Self-Efficacy Among Nurse Case Managers Working in an Acute Care Setting
Authors: O’Connor Jonelle M. , MacCulloch Patricia 
Published: July 2024

Purpose/Objectives:
The U.S. health care system is experiencing a critical workforce shortage of nurse case managers exacerbated by an older workforce and looming retirements and the growth of this specialty. This quality improvement project aimed to develop an online case manager preceptor training program and examine its impact on the nurse case manager preceptors’ self-efficacy.

Practice Setting:
This project was implemented at a 395-bed acute care, community-based hospital in the northeast.

Methodology and Sample:
The target population for the intervention included a convenience sample of 13 nurse case managers who were assigned a preceptor role. The intervention was an abbreviated version of an online preceptorship program by Lippincott. The Preceptor Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ), with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.96, measured nurse preceptors’ confidence in various skills including fostering critical thinking and providing feedback. Data from pre- and post-intervention PSEQ surveys were analyzed using a Wilcoxon rank sum test in SPSS version 28.

Results:
The Wilcoxon rank sum test revealed a statistically significant improvement in preceptor confidence scores (p = .043) between pre- and post-intervention PSEQ results.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
This project demonstrated feasibility of an online nurse case manager preceptor training program while also identifying improved preceptors’ self-efficacy. Future research can include investigating the impact of a preceptor training program on the nurse case manager learners receiving role training from the trained case manager preceptor.
How Does Standing Anteroposterior Stability Limits Correlate to Foot/ankle Functions in Bilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy?
Authors: Tomita Hidehito , Takahashi Shuhei , Kawaguchi Daisuke , Aoki Yumi , Yamamoto Yoshiji , Asai Hitoshi 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
To determine whether foot and ankle functions are correlated with the limits of stability (LoS) while standing in individuals with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy (BSCP).

Methods:
Eighteen people who could walk and with BSCP and 18 people without disability participated. Anteroposterior LoS was measured using a force platform. To quantify ankle and foot functions, spasticity, isometric muscle strength, passive range of motion, and plantar light touch-pressure sensation were assessed.

Results:
In the BSCP group, anteroposterior LoS was significantly decreased, and anterior LoS reduction was correlated with decreases in plantar flexor and toe flexor strength and in sensitivity of the forefoot to light touch-pressure sensation, whereas the posterior LoS reduction was correlated with reduced dorsiflexor strength.

Conclusions:
The present findings suggest that improvement in these foot and ankle functions in BSCP may increase LoS while standing.
The thin red line: Blood planning factors and the enduring need for a robust military blood system to support combat operations
Authors: Gurney Jennifer M. , Cap Andrew P. , Holcomb John B. , Staudt Amanda M. , Tadlock Matthew D. , Polk Travis M. , Davis Crystal , Corley Jason B. , Schreiber Martin A. , Beckett Andrew , Spott Mary Ann , Shackelford Stacy A. , Van Gent Jan-Michael , Stallings Jonathan D. , Martin Matthew J. , Riggs Leslie E. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Battlefield lessons learned are forgotten; the current name for this is the Walker Dip. Blood transfusion and the need for a Department of Defense Blood Program are lessons that have cycled through being learned during wartime, forgotten, and then relearned during the next war. The military will always need a blood program to support combat and contingency operations. Also, blood supply to the battlefield has planning factors that have been consistent over a century. In 2024, it is imperative that we codify these lessons learned. The linchpins of modern combat casualty care are optimal prehospital care, early whole blood transfusion, and forward surgical care. This current opinion comprised of authors from all three military Services, the Joint Trauma System, the Armed Services Blood Program, blood SMEs and the CCC Research Program discuss two vital necessities for a successful military trauma system: (1) the need for an Armed Services Blood Program and (2) Planning factors for current and future deployed military ere is no effective care for wounded soldiers, and by extension there is no effective military medicine.
Waitlist Time, Age, and Social Vulnerability: Impact on the Survival Benefit of Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation Versus Long-term Dialysis Among Patients With End-stage Renal Disease
Authors: Yang Jason , Endo Yutaka , Munir Muhammad Musaab , Woldesenbet Selamawit , Altaf Abdulla , Limkemann Ashley , Schenk Austin , Washburn Kenneth , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: July 2024

Background.
We sought to define the survival benefit of kidney transplantation versus long-term dialysis relative to waitlist time on dialysis, social vulnerability, and age among end-stage renal transplant candidates.

Methods.
End-stage renal disease patients who were candidates for their first deceased donor kidney transplantation between 2008 and 2020 were identified using the US Renal Data System. Survival probabilities for patient survival were compared using the restricted mean survival times (RMSTs) across different age and social vulnerability index (SVI) ranges.

Results.
Among 149 923 patients, 68 795 (45.9%) patients underwent a kidney transplant and 81 128 (54.1%) remained on dialysis. After propensity-score matching (n = 58 035 in each cohort), the 5-y RMST difference between kidney transplant and dialysis demonstrated an increasing trend in mean life-years gained within 5 y of follow-up relative to advancing age (<30 y: 0.40 y, 95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.44 y versus >70 y: 0.75 y, 95% confidence interval, 0.70-0.80 y). Conversely, disparities in 5-y RMSTs remained consistent relative to social vulnerability (median 5-y RMST difference: 0.62 y comparing low versus high SVI). When considering waitlist duration, stratified analyses demonstrated increasing trends across different age groups with the largest RMST differences observed among older patients aged ≥70 y. Notably, longer waitlist durations (>3 y) yielded more pronounced RMST differences compared with shorter durations (<1 y).

Conclusions.
These data underscore the survival benefit associated with kidney transplantation over long-term dialysis across various age and SVI ranges. Transplantation demonstrated a greater advantage among older patients who had a longer waitlist duration.
Psychotropic drugs, eating behaviour and weight gain
Authors: Arniotis-Streat Shalika , Fonte Anthony , Ziauddeen Hisham 
Published: July 2024

Purpose of reviewPsychotropic drug related weight gain is a common side-effect of significant concern to both clinicians and patients. Recent studies and treatment guidelines strongly support taking preventive and early treatment approaches to psychotropic drug-related weight gain (PDWG). Arguably the main pathway that PDWG occurs is via changes in eating behaviour leading to increased caloric intake.Recent findingsSystematic reviews and meta-analyses have provided good data on the nature and prevalence of alterations in eating behaviour with psychotropic treatment including increased hunger, night eating and binge eating. These changes are unsurprisingly more prominent with agents like olanzapine and clozapine that have high propensity to cause weight gain.SummaryAltered eating behaviour can serve as an earlier measure of the risk of weight gain and can be examined easily in clinical practice. Detecting these changes can enable earlier action in terms of switching treatments and starting pharmacological and nonpharmacological preventive strategies.
A transcriptome-wide Mendelian randomization study in isolated human immune cells highlights risk genes involved in viral infections and potential drug repurposing opportunities for schizophrenia
Authors: Stacey David , Gaziano Liam , Eldi Preethi , Toben Catherine , Benyamin Beben , Lee S Hong , Hyppönen Elina 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundSchizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder characterised by symptoms of psychosis, thought disorder, and flattened affect. Immune mechanisms are associated with schizophrenia, though the precise nature of this relationship (i.e., causal, correlated, consequential) and the mechanisms involved are not fully understood.MethodsTo elucidate these mechanisms, we conducted a transcriptome-wide Mendelian randomization study using gene expression exposures from 29 humancis-eQTL datasets encompassing 11 unique immune cell types, all publicly available from the eQTL catalogue.ResultsThese analyses highlighted 196 genes, including 67 located within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. Enrichment analyses indicated an over-representation of immune genes, which was driven by the HLA genes. Stringent validation and replication steps retained 61 candidate genes, 27 of which were the sole causal signals at their respective loci, thereby representing strong candidate effector genes at known risk loci. We highlightedL3HYPDHas a potential novel schizophrenia risk gene andDPYDandMAPK3as candidate drug repurposing targets. Futhermore, we performed follow-up analyses focused on one of the candidate effectors, interferon regulatory transcription factor 3 (IRF3), which coordinates interferon responses to viral infections. We found evidence of shared genetic aetiology between schizophrenia and autoimmune diseases at theIRF3locus, and a significant enrichment of IRF3 chromatin binding at known schizophrenia risk loci.ConclusionsOur findings highlight a novel schizophrenia risk gene, potential drug repurposing opportunities, and provide support forIRF3as a schizophrenia hub gene, which may play critical roles in mediating schizophrenia-autoimmune comorbidities and the impact of viral infections on schizophrenia risk.
Newly discovered base barrier cells provide compartmentalization of choroid plexus, brain and CSF
Authors: Verhaege Daan , De Nolf Clint , Castelein Jonas , Claeys Wouter , Van Wonterghem Elien , Van Imschoot Griet , Dujardin Pieter , De Spiegelaere Ward , Hoste Esther , Boone Fleur , Lidov Hart G. W. , Neil Dani , Derk Julia , Kremer Anna , Van Hamme Evelien , Borghgraef Peter , Lippens Saskia , Lehtinen Maria K , Siegenthaler Julie , Van Hoecke Lien , Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTThe choroid plexus (ChP) is a highly understudied structure of the central nervous system (CNS). The structure hangs in the brain ventricles, is composed of an epithelial cell layer, which produces the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and forms the blood-CSF barrier. It encapsulates a stromal mix of fenestrated capillaries, fibroblasts and a broad range of immune cells. Here, we report that the ChP base region harbors unique fibroblasts that cluster together, are connected by tight junctions and seal the ChP stroma from brain and CSF, thereby forming ChP base barrier cells (ChP BBCs). ChP BBCs are derived from meningeal mesenchymal precursors, arrive early during embryonic development, are maintained throughout life and are conserved across species. Moreover, we provide transcriptional profiles and key markers to label ChP BBCs and observe a striking transcriptional similarity with meningeal arachnoid barrier cells (ABCs). Finally, we provide evidence that this fibroblast cluster functions as a barrier to control communication between CSF and the ChP stroma and between the latter and the brain parenchyma. Moreover, loss of barrier function was observed during an inflammatory insult. Altogether, we have identified a novel barrier that provides functional compartmentalization of ChP, brain and CSF.GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTNewly discovered base barrier cells provide compartmentalization of choroid plexus, brain and CSFThe choroid plexus (ChP) hangs in the brain ventricles and is composed of an epithelial cell layer which produces the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and forms the blood-CSF barrier. The ChP epithelial cells are continuous with the ependymal cells lining the ventricle wall. At this base region, we identified and characterized a novel subtype of fibroblasts coined the ChP base barrier cells (BBCs). ChP BBCs express tight junctions (TJs), cluster together and seal the ChP stroma from CSF and brain parenchyma. The subarachnoid space (SAS) CSF penetrates deep into choroid plexus invaginations where it is halted by ChP BBCs.Abbreviations: E9-16.5 (embryonic day 9-16.5); P1-4 (postnatal day 1-4).