bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical and transcriptomic diversity do not correlate with ascending levels of social complexity in the insect order Blattodea
Authors: Golian Marek J. , Friedman Daniel A. , Harrison Mark , McMahon Dino P. , Buellesbach Jan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractEusocial insects, such as ants and termites, are characterized by high levels of coordinated social organization. This is contrasted by solitary insects that display more limited forms of collective behavior. It has been hypothesized that this gradient in sociobehavioral sophistication is positively correlated with chemical profile complexity, due to a potentially increased demand for diversity in chemical communication mechanisms in insects with higher levels of social complexity. However, this claim has rarely been assessed empirically. Here, we compare different levels of chemical and transcriptomic complexity in selected species of the order Blattodea that represent different levels of social organization, from solitary to eusocial. We primarily focus on cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) complexity, since it has repeatedly been demonstrated that CHCs are key signaling molecules conveying a wide variety of chemical information in solitary as well as eusocial insects. We assessed CHC complexity and divergence between our studied taxa of different social complexity levels as well as the differentiation of their respective repertoires of CHC biosynthesis gene transcripts. Surprisingly, we did not find any consistent pattern of chemical complexity correlating with social complexity, nor did the overall chemical divergence or transcriptomic repertoire of CHC biosynthesis genes reflect on the levels of social organization. Our results challenge the assumption that increasing social complexity is generally reflected in more complex chemical profiles and point toward the need for a more cautious and differentiated view on correlating complexity on a chemical, genetic, and social level.
Relation of general‐perceptual cognitive abilities and sport‐specific performance of young competitive soccer players
Authors: Schumacher Nils , Zaar Christoph , Kovar Jannik , Lahmann‐Lammert Lorenz , Wollesen Bettina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn soccer, skill is significantly influenced by motor skills and physical constitution. In addition, perceptual‐cognitive abilities are thought to affect sport‐specific performance. Nevertheless, there are hardly any studies investigating the relationship of general cognitive abilities with sport‐specific performance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze relationships between general perceptual‐cognitive abilities and soccer‐specific performance in competitive youth sports. Thirty highly talented male youth soccer players aged 12–14 years completed various perceptual‐cognitive (selective attention, cognitive flexibility, inhibition, working memory, peripheral perception, and choice response) and sport‐specific on‐field tests. Cognitive abilities were assessed using a computer‐based test system. Soccer‐specific performance skills were evaluated by two sport‐specific on‐field tests. The relation between perceptual‐cognitive abilities and soccer‐specific performance was examined using a correlation analysis as well as a four‐stage regression analysis. Overall, the expression of general perceptual‐cognitive abilities was found to have an impact on performance in soccer‐specific test situations, particularly cognitive flexibility and selective attention. Our results suggest that general cognitive tests could be an important tool for the evaluation of cognitive abilities in soccer. This study brings together key approaches in expertise research and makes a significant contribution to a better understanding of expertise in soccer.
Use of genetic correlations to examine selection bias
Authors: Shapland Chin Yang , Gkatzionis Apostolos , Hemani Gibran , Tilling Kate 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObservational studies are rarely representative of their target population because there are known and unknown factors that affect an individual's choice to participate (the selection mechanism). Selection can cause bias in a given analysis if the outcome is related to selection (conditional on the other variables in the model). Detecting and adjusting for selection bias in practice typically requires access to data on nonselected individuals. Here, we propose methods to detect selection bias in genetic studies by comparing correlations among genetic variants in the selected sample to those expected under no selection. We examine the use of four hypothesis tests to identify induced associations between genetic variants in the selected sample. We evaluate these approaches in Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, we use these approaches in an applied example using data from the UK Biobank (UKBB). The proposed tests suggested an association between alcohol consumption and selection into UKBB. Hence, UKBB analyses with alcohol consumption as the exposure or outcome may be biased by this selection.
The effect of shareholder pressure on stakeholder interests: Evidence from corporate tax avoidance
Authors: Jiang Jiaoliang , Bao Hengmiao , Yang Shijie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearch on how shareholder pressure influences the interests of stakeholders has recently witnessed a sharp increase, but yields mixed findings. We revisit this question by investigating the impact of managers' attempts to meet or beat earnings expectations on corporate tax avoidance. Using a sample of Chinese listed firms during 2005–2022, we find that firms with earnings pressure are more tax‐aggressive. Furthermore, such a higher level of tax avoidance due to earnings pressure is associated with higher real activity management. Cross‐sectional analysis shows that the effect of earnings pressure on tax avoidance is weaker among firms with better environment, society, and governance performance, but becomes more salient for state‐owned enterprises, firms with higher financial constraints, and during periods when local officials are devoid of incentives for career advancement. Taken together, our study sheds light on the consequences of shareholder pressure stemming from capital markets on corporate tax policies, and provides implications for enterprises and policymakers concerning taxation in emerging markets.
HucMSC extracellular vesicles increasing SATB 1 to activate the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in 6‐OHDA‐induced Parkinson's disease model
Authors: He Ying , Li Ruicheng , Yu Yuxi , Xu Zhiran , Gao Jiaxin , Wang Cancan , Huang Chusheng , Qi Zhongquan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is a degenerative disorder of the nervous system characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons and damage of neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum, resulting in impaired motor functions. This study aims to investigate how extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HucMSC) regulate Special AT‐rich sequence‐binding protein‐1 (SATB 1) and influence Wnt/β‐catenin pathway and autophagy in PD model. The PD model was induced by damaging SH‐SY5Y cells and mice using 6‐OHDA. According to the study, administering EVs every other day for 14 days improved the motor behavior of 6‐OHDA‐induced PD mice and reduced neuronal damage, including dopaminergic neurons. Treatment with EVs for 12 hours increased the viability of 6‐OHDA‐induced SH‐SY5Y cells. The upregulation of SATB 1 expression with EV treatment resulted in the activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in PD model and led to overexpression of β‐catenin. Meanwhile, the expression of LC3 II was decreased, indicating alterations in autophagy. In conclusion, EVs could mitigate neuronal damage in the 6‐OHDA‐induced PD model by upregulating SATB 1 and activating Wnt/β‐catenin pathway while also regulating autophagy. Further studies on the potential therapeutic applications of EVs for PD could offer new insights and strategies.
Hallux valgus in preprofessional adolescent dancesport athletes: Prevalence and associated training factors
Authors: Liu Zijian , Okunuki Takumi , Yabiku Hiroki , Chen Shuo , Hoshiba Takuma , Maemichi Toshihiro , Li Yanshu , Kumai Tsukasa 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to determine the risk factors of hallux valgus angle among preprofessional adolescent dancesport athletes.MethodsA total of 275 athletes, (73 males and 202 females) aged between the ages of 11 and 18 years, participated in this study. A cross‐sectional questionnaire was used to survey their demographic characteristics (sex and age), training information (starting age, weekly training time, and athletic career [number of years of training at this specific dancesport school]), and measured their height and weight. The hallux valgus angle was measured based on foot photographs. The chi‐square test was used to compare the difference with prevalence of hallux valgus between male and female athletes. A normal distribution test was performed, and based on the test results, unpaired t‐test and multiple logistic regression were conducted to identify training factors for the hallux valgus in this cohort.ResultsChi‐square test showed higher prevalence of hallux valgus in female elite adolescent dancesport athletes than males. The t‐test results did not show any significant differences between the hallux valgus group and non‐hallux valgus groups with start age, athletic career, and weekly training time. Multiple logistic regression analysis with hallux valgus as the dependent variable revealed that the female sex was a strong predictor of a higher prevalence of hallux valgus (odds ratio [OR]: 3.954, 95% confidence interval 95% CI: 2.193–7.131, and p < 0.001). Weekly training time was also entered into the multiple logistic regression model (OR: 1.033, 95% CI: 1.001–1.067, and p = 0.041).ConclusionsOur findings revealed that the prevalence of hallux valgus in adolescent dancesport athletes was higher in females than in males. Longer weekly training time was also a risk factor for hallux valgus. Training factors should be considered in preventive programs for elite adolescent dancesport athletes, and special attention should be paid to female athletes.
Stigmatizing and affirming provider language in medical records on hospitalized patients with opioid use disorder
Authors: Hirshman Rachel , Hamilton Shavone , Walker Melissa , Ellis Alan R. , Ivey Noel , Clifton Dana 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundStigma within the healthcare environment limits access to treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD), even as OUD results in significant morbidity and mortality. Language in clinical documentation affects patient experience and future care through the transmission of stigma or positive regard. With the passage of the 21st Century Cures Act, patients have full access to their medical records online.ObjectivesThe objective of our study was to understand providers' use of stigmatizing and affirming language in the electronic health record (EHR) for OUD patients with long hospital stays.MethodsWe selected patients with a first‐time referral to the Duke University Hospital OUD consult service who met diagnostic criteria for OUD with a hospital stay ≥28 days from July 2019 to February 2022. Two reviewers independently evaluated each admission and discharge note for stigmatizing or affirming language and the group met weekly to validate coding reliability.ResultsForty‐eight patients (96 notes) met our inclusion criteria. We identified 434 occurrences of stigmatizing and 47 occurrences of affirming language. One‐third (34%) of stigmatizing language appeared in system‐generated fields (drop‐down categories and diagnosis codes) and the rest was authored by providers.ConclusionsStigmatizing language was present in both provider‐ and system‐generated language and was nine times more frequent than affirming language in the medical records of hospitalized patients with OUD. While provider education may reduce stigmatizing language, institutional level changes to the EHR and International Classification of Disease codes are necessary to decrease stigmatizing language within medical records.
Assessment tool items for addressing physician‐patient communication and reducing health care risk factors across multiple enterprise risk management domains
Authors: Narwal‐Kasmani Rawan , Stausmire Julie M. , McCarthy Kathleen A. , Buderer Nancy , Gutek Amanda , Ulrich Charla A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExpertise in physician‐patient communication is a primary outcome measure for physicians. We evaluated residents’ communication behaviors with clinic patients following an educational intervention as measured by the Communication Assessment Tool (CAT). Thirty‐five internal medicine residents were assessed by patients using the CAT for 3 months before and after the educational intervention. The intervention included a simulated, videotaped patient encounter, mock CAT, and preceptor coaching during video review. The primary outcome was the percentage of CAT items receiving an “excellent” rating from patients before and after the intervention. Research results were compared to previously published CAT studies. Within‐resident improvement in the percentage of excellent ratings was small with median changes between 0 and 3 percentage points. Compared to previously published studies, similar results were found for the highest and lowest‐scored communication items. Many clinical encounters are time‐limited, and physicians do not pursue time‐consuming conversations that could reduce health care risk. This data and other published studies suggest seven communication items taking the most time to complete (i.e., shared decision‐making) were items demonstrating little or no improvement. This study identified clinical performance risk factors applicable to the Enterprise Risk Management Framework that could impact complication and readmission rates if addressed by changes in physician‐patient communication.
Neoadjuvant therapy reduces node positivity but does not confer survival benefit versus up‐front resection for resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A propensity‐matched analysis
Authors: Wehrle Chase J. , Chang Jenny , Woo Kimberly , Gross Abby , Naples Robert , Dahdaleh Fadi , Stackhouse Kathryn , Kim Jaekeun , Augustin Toms , Simon Robert , Joyce Daniel , Kwon David C. H. , Miller Charles , Walsh R. Matthew , Aucejo Federico , Naffouje Samer 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant systemic therapy (NAST) is a treatment option for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), though its impact on short‐term oncologic outcomes and long‐term survival remains relatively unknown.MethodsThe National Cancer Database (NCDB) between 2004 and 2019 was queried for patients with reportedly resectable (Stage I−IIIB) iCCA who received curative‐intent resection with lymphadenectomy. Propensity matching was performed between groups based on the use of NAST and groups were compared for overall survival (OS) and oncologic outcomes, including nodal harvest, rate of node positivity, rate of positive margins, and administration of adjuvant therapy.ResultsTwo thousand and five hundred ninety‐six patients met inclusion criteria; 364 (14%) received NAST versus 1763 (68%) up‐front resection. After matching, 332 pairs of patients were matched between NAST and no NAST. Patients receiving NAST had a greater nodal harvest (OR = 1.26 [1.09−1.88]; p < 0.001) and a lower rate of node positivity (OR = 0.67 [0.49−0.63]; p < 0.001). Patients without NAST were more likely to complete adjuvant systemic therapy (OR = 0.45 [0.33−0.62]; p < 0.001). However, patients receiving NAST had no OS benefit after resection compared to those who did not receive NAST (median OS 48.3 ± 5.3 vs. 38.8 ± 3.7 months; p = 0.160). Node‐positive disease (OR = 2.10 [1.78−2.45]; p < 0.001) conferred the greatest risk for reduced OS followed by positive‐margin resection (OR = 1.42 [1.21−1.47]; p < 0.001) and increasing T‐stage (OR = 1.34 [1.21−1.47]; p < 0.001).ConclusionNAST for iCCA was associated with improved quality of oncologic resection but did not confer an OS benefit versus up‐front resection.
Exploring travel‐related perspectives and experiences of physical disability communities
Authors: Park Eunhye (Olivia) , Kim Sung‐Bum 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDespite the growing demand for accessible tourism, there remains a lack of research on the travel perspectives and experiences of people with disabilities. Social media platforms, such as Reddit, provide unique opportunities to understand the perspectives and experiences of people with disabilities. This study aimed to investigate travel‐related perspectives and experiences of physical disability communities, including wheelchair, deaf, and blind communities, to provide implications for travel service providers and policymakers to improve the accessibility and inclusivity of travel services. Using structural topic modeling and network analysis, 12 prominent topics related to travel perspectives and experiences among physical disability communities were identified to map their relationships. Our study highlights the significance of understanding the unique perspectives, experiences, and needs of individuals with disabilities in the hospitality and tourism industry. It provides implications for improving the accessibility and inclusivity of travel services.
Femoral tunnel length does not impact outcomes following ACL reconstruction using a single‐bundle quadriceps tendon autograft: A systematic review
Authors: Bracken Tess , Veilleux Alexandre , Khalik Hassaan Abdel , Johnson Jansen , de SA Darren 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether femoral tunnel length (FTL) affects clinical or functional outcomes following primary Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) with single‐bundle quadriceps tendon autograft, both with and without a patellar bone block.MethodsAn electronic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was carried out via OVID. Data pertaining to study characteristics, patient demographics, surgical techniques, femoral tunnel length, and subjective/objective clinical outcomes was abstracted. Studies were stratified into two groups based on FTL; a short femoral tunnel (S‐FT) group of ≤25 mm, and a long femoral tunnel (L‐FT) group of >25 mm. There was a high degree of heterogeneity between studies, prohibiting meta‐analysis.ResultsSeven studies comprising 368 total patients with a mean age of 30.3 years (range: 23.4–34 years) were included for analysis. The S‐FT group included 126 patients and the L‐FT group 242 patients. Both groups demonstrated statistically significant postoperative improvements across both subjective and objective clinical and functional outcomes. Average complication rates were 11.9% (range: 0%–29%) in the S‐FT group and 4.5% (range: 1%–14%) in the L‐FT group. Ranges of re‐rupture rates were 0%–2% and 0%–3% for the S‐FT and L‐FT groups, respectively (n.s.).ConclusionBoth S‐FT and L‐FT groups demonstrated comparable postoperative outcomes following primary ACLR with single bundle quadriceps tendon autograft. There were slightly superior, although non‐significant, outcomes reported with short femoral tunnel length, however, this may have been confounded by the variation in surgical technique used.Level of evidenceIV.
Topologically Protected Single Edge Mode Lasing in Photonic Crystal Su–Schrieffer–Heeger Lattice with Directional Loss Control
Authors: Cheng Xiao‐Tian , Wang Ling‐Fang , Li Yuan‐Zhen , Hou Dai‐Bao , Yu Jia‐Wang , Li Chen‐Hui , Lin Xing , Liu Feng , Gao Fei , Jin Chao‐Yuan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTopological photonics is considered to be a robust and flexible platform for the design of nanophotonic devices against structural imperfections and performance degradation. Combining with parity‐time (PT) symmetry systems based on spatially distributed gain and loss, photonic crystal (PhC) lasers with micron‐size carrier reservoirs offer an ideal test bed for lasing mode competition and topological protection in nanophotonic structures. In this study, single topological edge mode (TEM) lasing is demonstrated in PhC lasers with a Su–Schrieffer–Heeger lattice comprised of coupled nanoresonators. By inducing directional loss control, a mode selection strategy is implemented, that achieves single TEM lasing with a side‐mode‐suppression ratio exceeding 30 dB. One of the TEMs exhibits remarkable robustness against local potential variation introduced by additional loss channels. This strategy integrating both topological protection and PT symmetry in nanophotonics would open up new prospects for the development of on‐chip single‐mode topological lasers unperturbed by output channels in nanophotonic integrated circuits.
Unpacking consumer reactions toward unexpected spoilage of organic versus conventional perishables
Authors: Ozcan Timucin , Hattat Ahmet M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe retail industry greatly relies on perishable foods, which are integral to consumers' shopping routines. However, it remains unclear how consumers react to their spoilage. This study is an initial attempt to explore how consumers react to unexpected product spoilage of organic versus conventional food products and how their evaluations can lead to different emotional and behavioral outcomes. The investigation includes five studies specifically focused on whether organic or conventional foods elicit different consumer reactions toward spoilage. The results of these studies indicate that consumers exhibit attenuated emotional reactions toward organic product spoilage compared to conventional products. In contrast, food spoilage leads to higher levels of anger toward conventional products, resulting in negative behavioral intentions. Moreover, price is found to moderate the aforementioned conditional consumer reactions. In all, these findings have significant implications for retailers and manufacturers in designing and promoting their products to meet consumers' preferences and expectations.
Nursing students' perceptions of interaction in a multiplayer virtual reality simulation: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Piispanen Niina , Haavisto Elina , Hublin Linda , Ikonen Riikka , Koivisto Jaana‐Maija 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAimTo describe nursing students' perceptions of interaction in a multiplayer virtual reality (MPVR) simulation.DesignA qualitative descriptive study.MethodsSecond‐semester nursing students (n = 24) participated in pairs in MPVR simulations and semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed deductively and inductively.ResultsFour types of interaction in a MPVR simulation were identified: interaction between the students, interaction between the student and the virtual environment (VE), interaction between the student and the virtual patient (VP), and interaction between the student and the simulation facilitator. Interaction consisted of verbal and nonverbal interaction, as well as object manipulation and movement in the VE. The reasons for interaction were to coordinate the care, to assess the VP, and to implement VPs' care.ConclusionsMPVR simulation offered nursing students an opportunity to practice nurse‐to‐nurse interaction and interaction related to nurses' collaboration, which are essential skills in nursing practice. Students were also able to interact with the VP, which can promote students' nurse–patient interaction skills. Therefore, MPVR simulations can be utilized as a platform to enhance interaction skills of future healthcare professionals, which could improve patient safety.Patient or Public ContributionNone.