bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetically Induced Plasma Rotation and the Dense Plasma Focus
Authors: Witalis E. A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Fusion for Fission fuel breeding and other incentives for unconventional magnetic fusion research are introductorily mentioned. The design, operation and peculiar characteristics of dense plasma foci are briefly described with attention to their remarkable ion acceleration and plasma heating capabilities. Attempts for interpretations are reviewed, and a brief account is given for an explanation based on the concept of magnetically induced plasma rotation, recently derived in detail in this journal. Basically an ion acceleration mechanism of betraton character it describes in combination with a dynamic, generalized Bennett relation focus plasma characteristics like the polarity dependence, the current channel disruption, the axial ion beam formation and the prerequisites for the ensuing turbulent plasma dissipative stage. Fundamental differences with respect to mainline fusion research are emphasized, and some conjectures and proposals are presented as to the further development of plasma focus nuclear fusion or fission energy production.
Dissipative Structures in 1D and 2D Chemically Reacting Systems
Authors: Nandapurkar P. , Hlavacek V. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A transient analysis of the 1D and 2D reaction-diffusion equations associated with the model reaction of Prigogine and Lefever (Brusselator model), including diffusion of the initial (sub-strate) component, has been performed. For low system lengths and for fixed boundary conditions, the steady state low amplitude solutions are unstable. For zero flux boundary conditions a multiplicity of symmetric solutions with the same wave number may exist, the majority of them being unstable. The diffuion of initial components induce relaxation oscillations in space both for fixed as well as zero flux boundary conditions. The amplitude of the oscillation increases as the diffusion coefficient of the initial component decreases. For conditions of relaxation oscillations the spatial profiles result in single or multiple propagating fronts. High system lengths (or low diffusion coefficient of intermediate components), for both zero flux and periodic boundary conditions, may give rise to a multipeak incoherent wave pattern. For periodic boundary conditions a multiplicity of waves has been observed. Numerical simulation of the 2D-spatial structures reveal certain similarities between the 1D and 2D cases.
Infrarotspektren der Hexachalkogenohypodiphosphat-Mischkristalle Ni2P2S6-xSex und Co2-xNixS6 / Infrared spectra of the hexachalcogenohypodiphosphate mixed crystals Co2-xNixP2S6 and Ni2P2S6-xSex
Authors: Kliche G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The hexachalcogenohypodiphosphate mixed crystals Co2-xNixP2S6 and Ni2P2S6-x Set have been prepared and characterized by x-ray powder methods and infrared spectroscopy. The spectra of the anionic substituted mixed crystals show the existence of mixed anionic species like e.g. P2S5Se or P2S4Se2. Cationic substitution leads to a one mode behaviour of the internal modes of the P2S6-units with different frequency shifts for the Eu and A2u modes and a two mode behaviour of the external modes.
Attempts to prepare mixed crystals Co2P2S6-xSex failed; only small amounts of selenium can be detected in Co2P2S6.
Assignment of the Low Energy Photoelectron Spectrum of the Octa-Sulphur Molecule: An ab initio Configuration Interaction Study
Authors: Palmer Michael H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A large basis set ab initio configuration interaction study of S 8 has yielded a satisfactory assignment of the first 5 IP's of the UV-photoelectron spectrum for the first time. The ionisation potential order (low to high) is 2A1, 2E3, 2E2, 2E1 ≪
2B2 and follows the orbital ordering of our recent large basis spd calculation, via the application of Koopmans' theorem.
Calculation of Infrared Transition Probabilities for the 1Σ+Groundstate of XeH+
Authors: Klein Robert , Rosmus Pavel 
Published: February 2015

Near equilibrium potential energy and dipole moment functions have been calculated for the electronic ground state of the XeH+ ion from highly correlated SCEP/CEPA electronic wavefunctions. The following spectroscopic constants for 132XeH+ are obtained:
Re= 1.611 ± 0.005 Å, ωe = 2313 ± 50cm-1, ωexe = 41 ± 5cm-1 and D0(Xe+ + H) = 3.90 ± 0.1 eV.
Infrared transition dipole matrix elements and probability coefficients for 132XeH+ and 132XeD+ are given. The electric dipole moment functions of the protonated rare gas atoms HeH+ to XeH+ are discussed.
The Endoperoxide of Tetrabenzopentancene. A New Photochromic Endoperoxide
Authors: Schmidt R. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The thermal and the photochemical reactions of the endoperoxide of Tetrabenzo(bc,fg.lm,pq)- pentacene have been investigated with respect to its photochromic properties. The thermal yield of irreversible rearrangement reactions was determined to be Adec = 0.045. From the activation parameters of the thermal cycloreversion. forming the parent hydrocarbon and oxygen, a half life time of 114 years at 20 °C has been extrapolated. For the quantum yield of the irreversible photochemical rearrangement a value of Qdec = 0.03 was obtained. As can be seen from the wavelength dependence of the photocycloreversion quantum yield Q1, cycloreversion occurs not only from the thermalized S2(πccπ*cc) but from higher excited states too. The maximum quantum yield was found at 302 nm to be (Q1 = 0.15. From our results it follows that this endoperoxide is of high quality in respect to the colour change colourless/blue and to thermal stability, whereas the reversibility is only moderate.
Preferred Rotameric Conformations of Isobutyraldehyde, Their Dipole Moments and Vibrationally Excited States by Microwave Spectroscopy
Authors: Stiefvater O. L. 
Published: February 2015

The earlier prediction of the preferred and the less stable rotameric conformations of isobutyraldehyde, (CH3)2CHCHO, has been confirmed experimentally by microwave spectroscopy. The compound exists mainly in a gauche conformation, in which one of the methyl groups is eclipsed by the oxygen atom, and the less stable rotamer is the trans conformation, in which the oxygen atom eclipses the isopropyl hydrogen.
Ground state rotational constants (in MHz) and centrifugal distortion constants (in kHz), together with dipole moments (in D), are:

Rotation spectra due to three torsionally excited states of each rotamer have been identified, along with satellites arising from CH3 internal rotation and CC2 wagging.
Ultrasonic Absorption and Relaxation Phenomena in Molten Nitrate Mixtures
Authors: Richter J. , Fuchs B. 
Published: February 2015

An optical device based on the Debye-Sears effect is developed to determine the ultrasonic absorption and velocity in molten alkali nitrate + silver nitrat mixtures. RbNO3 + AgNO3 and CsNO3 + AgNO3 are investigated in the total composition range between 480 K and 580 K within a frequency interval from 10 MHz to 35 MHz. In the concentration range of high ultrasonic absorption we find dispersion and a frequency dependent step in the absorption curve caused by relaxation. The relaxation time of the structural relaxation in the molten salt mixtures investigated here is in the order of 10-8 s.
The volume viscosity, the adiabatic constant, and the compressibilities are calculated.
14N Nuclear Quadrupole Coupling and Methyl Internal Rotation of 2-, 4-, and 5-Methyl Oxazole
Authors: Fliege Eckhard , Dreizler Helmut , Meyer Michael , Iqbal Khalid , Sheridan John 
Published: February 2015

In the following we give an outline of 14N nuclear quadrupole, internal axis method (IAM) methyl internal rotation, and fourth order centrifugal distortion - only needed for extrapolating transition frequencies to higher J values - analyses performed for 2-, 4-, and 5-methyl oxazole.
The results are discussed, the three methyl oxazoles being compared with one another and with their common parent, oxazole.
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance in Chloro- and Bromoantimonate(III) Complexes
Authors: Okuda Tsutomu , Tanaka Nobuhiko , Ichiba Sumio , Yamada Koji 
Published: February 2015

C1,
3581Br, and 121Sb N Q R spectra were observed in com plexes o f the type RxSbyX z with anion
stoichiometries SbCl4 , SbClg- , SbBr4 , SbBr^~, SbBr^- , and Sb2Br^~. Several complexes show
widely spaced halogen resonance lines and unusual temperature dependences o f the NQ R
frequencies. These findings are accounted for
Influence of Inertial Effect on Fluorescence Anisotropy
Authors: Grzywacz Jerzy , Trumpakaj Zygmunt 
Published: February 2015

The influence of inertial effects on the fluorescence anisotropy r is discussed.
From recent work on the anisotropy of a prolate fluorescent molecule in a liquid solvent it is known that its estimated experimental moment of inertia is as much as about 3 orders of magnitude greater than that calculated from its geometry.
In this paper, by using a non-exponential form of the memory function K (t) in the generalized relaxation equation for r (t), a satisfactory agreement between measured and calculated moments of inertia is obtained.
The Evolution of Complex Systems
Authors: Hofacker G. L. , Levine R. D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A principle of evolution of highly complex systems is proposed. It is based on extremal properties of the information I (X, Y) characterizing two states X and Y with respect to each other,
I(X, Y) = H(Y) -H(Y/X),
where H(Y) is the entropy of state Y,H (Y/X) the entropy in state Y given the probability distribu­tion P(X) and transition probabilities P(Y/X).
As I(X, Y) is maximal in P(Y) but minimal in P(Y/X), the extremal properties of I(X, Y) con­stitute a principle superior to the maximum entropy principle while containing the latter as a special case. The principle applies to complex systems evolving with time where fundamental equations are unknown or too difficult to solve. For the case of a system evolving from X to Y it is shown that the principle predicts a canonic distribution for a state Y with a fixed average energy .
1H NMR Studieson the Molecular Dynamics of Acetylferrocene in Crystals
Authors: Kubo Atsushi , Ikeda Ryuichi , Nakamura Daiyu 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The temperature dependence of 1H spin-lattice relaxation time was determined at 20 MHz for solid acetylferrocene [(C5H5) (C5H4COCH3)Fe] from ca. 80 K up to the m.p. (359 K). Rather large activation energies of 21 and 24 kJ mol-1 for the C5 reorientations of the two crystallographically nonequivalent non-substituted cyclopentadienyl rings were obtained, indicating that the crystal has a closely packed structure. The two kinds of CH3 groups attached to the substituted cyclopenta­dienyl rings were assumed to be approximately equivalent and gave a low activation energy of 4 kJ mol-1 for the C3 reorientation. No phase transition was observed in the relaxation times or in additional experiments of differential thermal analysis although the presence of two phase transi­tions has been reported previously at temperatures immediately below the melting temperature by means of differential scanning calorimetry.
The Isotope Effect of Li-Ions in Countercurrent Electromigration of Molten LiOH
Authors: Yang Chao-cheng , Okada Isao , Nomura Masao , Okamoto Makoto 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The relative difference, ε, in the internal mobilities of 6Li and 7Li ions in molten LiOH has been measured with the Klemm method. In the investigated range of temperature from 763 K to 873 K, ε has been determined to be 0.0068-0.0080 and seems to increase slightly with temperature.
Delayed Choice with Correlated Photons
Authors: Rössler O. E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A new experiment in the foundations of quantum mechanics is proposed. The existence of correlated photons -first seen by Wheeler -can be taken as a hint to devise a ‘‘double-wing’’ delayed choice experiment in Wheeler’s sense. A path choice (polarization choice) measurement made on the one side should then block an interference type measurement made on the other side (‘‘distant choice’’). A precondition for the combined measurement to work in theory is that the correlated photons used are of the ‘‘prepolarized’’ (Selleri) rather than the ‘‘unpolarized’’ (Böhm) type. A first EPR experiment involving prepolarized photons was recently performed by Alley and Shih. It may be used as a partial experiment within the proposed experiment.
Letter from Eötvös
Authors: Krause Wilfred 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The original Eötvös data, which had resulted from a measurement series completed in 1908, and which recently found renewed interest, were not formally published until 1922. Now a resuming letter, written by Eötvös eighty years ago, has been re-discovered. The letter throwing some additio­nal light on his experiments is translated and briefly commented.
The Vibrational State Dependence of the 14N Quadrupole Coupling Tensor in Aniline . A Microwave Fourier-Transform Study Combined with Semirigid Bender Calculations
Authors: Kleibömer B. , Sutter D. H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Experimental values for the diagonal elements of the 14N quadrupole coupling tensor derived from analysis of the hyperfine structure of low-J rotational transitions are reported for the two lowest states of the amino wagging mode. They show the expected difference due to averaging over the large amplitude amino wag.
A semirigid bender analysis of previously published infrared data provides the inversion angle expectation values for use in a quantum-chemical calculation of the corresponding effective Cou­lomb field gradients at the nitrogen nucleus.
The results are compared to those obtained earlier for the related molecules vinylamine, cyanamide and ammonia.
On Symbolic Dynamics of One-Humped Maps of the Interval
Authors: Grassberger Peter 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We present an explicit construction of minimal deterministic automata which accept the languages of L-R symbolic sequences of unimodal maps resp. arbitrarily close approximations thereof. They are used to study a recently introduced complexity measure of this language which we conjecture to be a new invariant under diffeomorphisms. On each graph corresponding to such an automaton, the evolution is a topological Markov chain which does not seem to correspond to a partition of the interval into a countable number of intervals.
NM R Determination of the Fractal Geometry of Gels Around the Collapse Transition
Authors: Blinc R. , Jarh O. , Zidanšek A. , Blinc A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The increase in the surface to volume ratio at the collapse transition of gels can be exploited to allow for an NMR determination of the fractal dimension of the gel surface in the liquid state where this quantity is hard to measure with other techniques. The measured quantities are the ratio be­tween the spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times T1/T2 of the liquid component and the ratio of the masses or volumes of the gel before and after the collapse transition. The technique has been used to determine the surface fractal dimen­sion of a blood plasma gel.
Normalization and Probability Densities for Wavefunctions of Quantum Fieldtheoretic Energy Equations
Authors: Stumpf H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Quantum fields can be characterized by the set of transition amplitudes {〈0|π(A)|a〉V̶|a,〉∈V} where π(A) is a representation of the field operator algebra in V. This set has to satisfy renormalized energy equations and the elements of this set are called wavefunctions. However, these wavefunctions are not identical with wavefunctions of conventional quantum theory in Fockspace. Thus a theoret­ical interpretation is needed. In the present paper, by means of some theorems a method of normalization and construction of probability densities for these wavefunctions is given, which differs from the method of derivation of the normalization condition for Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes. The method can be applied both to nonrelativistic and relativistic fields with positive definite or indefinite state spaces, provided the renormalized energy equations possess finite solutions.
The Diode Laser Spectrum of Iodine Fluoride (IF)in the Ground Electronic State
Authors: Magg Ulrich , Birk Helmut , Nair K. P. R. , Jones Harold 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The infrared absorption spectrum of the gas phase IF molecule in its ground state has been observed for the first time, using a diode laser spectrometer. The wavenumbers of transitions in the v = 1←0, and v = 2 ←1 bands have been measured with a nominal accuracy of +0.001 cm-1. These data were fitted along with the recently published microwave spectrum to produce an improved set Dunham T-parameters. Also the coefficients of the Dunham potential function for the electronic state of IF were determined by a direct fit to the experimental data.
High Resolution Spectrum of the CH3NCν2 Fundamental Band1
Authors: Markus M. W. , Yamada K. M. T. , Winnewisser G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The spectrum of methyl isocyanide (CH3NC) has been measured in the region from 2148 cm-1 to 2179 cm-1 using a tunable diode laser spectrometer employing a newly designed signal averaging technique. The P-, Q-and R-branch lines of the ν2 fundamental band have been assigned for values of J ≤ 25, K ≤ 12. Molecular constants for the ν2 state have been determined including the quartic centrifugal distortion parameters.
Derivation and Application of an Algorithm for the Numerical Calculation of the Local Orientation of Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Kilian A. , Hess S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Starting from a relaxation equation for the alignment tensor, an algorithm is derived which allows the numerical calculation of the dynamic and static behavior of the director field n with the correct nematic symmetry property, where n and - n are equivalent. As a first application, a two-dimensional problem is treated where the typical nematic defects with half-integer winding numbers only occur when the algorithm with the correct nematic symmetry property is used. Furthermore, the method is applied to the static and dynamic behavior of a Frederiks cell with strong and weak anchoring.
Rotational Diffusion and Rheological Properties of Liquid Crystals
Authors: Osipov M. A. , Terentjev E. M. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The rotational diffusion of a rod-like molecule in a liquid crystal is considered in the molecularfield approximation, and the corresponding Fokker-Planck equation is derived. It is shown that the microscopic friction coefficient, which is the parameter of this equation, possesses the usual exponential temperature dependence with the activation energy determined by the isotropic part of the intermolecular interaction energy. The viscous stress tensor of the nematic is obtained by averaging of the corresponding microscopic expression with the non-equilibrium distribution function. Finally, explicit expressions for the Leslie coefficients are obtained in terms of molecular parameters. Their values, signs and temperature variation correspond qualitatively to experimental data.
A Lorentz Invariant Schrödinger Equation for Spin 0
Authors: Trübenbacher E. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Using the concept of distributions, the square root of the operator - Δ + m2 is taken in a mathematically well defined way for one component wave functions. A new representation of proper Lorentz transformations for one component wave functions makes it possible to construct a relativistic quantum mechanics for spin 0, comprising a Lorentz invariant wave equation, a scalar product, and a positive definite density satisfying, together with a current, a continuity equation, and coupling of scalar and vector potentials.
Some interesting consequences of the theory concerning the concept of particle trajectory and velocity of propagation of the probability amplitude are discussed in detail. As an example of practical application a perturbation theory for discrete states is set up.
Effect of Isotopic Exchange upon Symmetry Dependent Fractionation in the O + CO → CO2 Reaction
Authors: Bhattacharya S. K. , Thiemens M. H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In a recent study, it was demonstrated that the mechanism associated with the O + CO reaction produces a large, mass independent isotopic fractionation in the product CO2. A kinetic treatment of the data demonstrated that isotopic exchange between the O atom, produced by O2 photolysis and CO, occurred prior to the O + CO recombination. It was concluded that the likely source of the mass independent fractionation was the O + CO recombination. The present paper includes a kinetic evaluation of the added role of O + O2, along with O + CO, isotopic exchange. The new determinations provide a better fit of the experimental data.
Conductivity and Magnetic Properties of the Charge-Transfer Complex from N,N'-Dicyanonaphthoquinonedimimine (DCNNI)and Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)
Authors: Werner H.-P. , Grauf W. , Schütz J. U. von , Wolf H. C. , Helberg H. W. , Kremer W. , Aumüller A. , Hünig S. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Conductivity (dc and ac), ESR-properties and proton relaxation rates of the charge transfer complex Tetrathiafulvalene N,N′-dicyanonaphthoquinonediimine in the temperature range be­ tween 300 K and 3.8 K are reported. This salt belongs to the unusual group of organic conductors, in which segregated donor and acceptor stacks are associated in a pairwise manner. The physical properties, which are compared with TTF-TCNQ, give evidence of non-stoichiometric charge transfer (ρ ≠ 1). A metal like state can be identified for T> 70 K, as is seen from the weak temper­ ature dependence of the conductivity (σrt ≈ 30 Scm-1) and the susceptibility (Xrt ≈ 7.5 ⋅ 10-4 emu/ mole) and from the Korringa like temperature dependence of the proton relaxation rates. The drop of the susceptibility at Tc ≈ 70 K and the activated temperature dependence of the conductivity for T < 70 K are explained by a metal-to-semiconductor transition.
Geochemical Constraints on the Early Thermal History of the Earth
Authors: Drake Michael J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Theories of the formation of the Earth strongly suggest that the Earth should have been substantially molten during and immediately after accretion. Estimates of the composition of the upper mantle indicate that many elements are present in chondritic ratios. Experimental measurements of element partition coefficients show that segregation of perovskite, majorite garnet, or olivine would fractionate the ratios of these elements away from chondritic values. The implication of these geochemical observations is that the Earth did not undergo extensive fractionation during and immediately following accretion. One possibility is that the Earth did not become substantially molten. Alternatively, if the Earth was indeed substantially molten, then it is possible that minerals were entrained in magma and were unable to segregate. In the former case, the accretional process must have delivered gravitational potential energy more slowly than current theory predicts, and an origin of the Moon in a giant impact would be unlikely. In the latter case, the high Mg/Si ratio in the upper mantle of the Earth relative to most classes of chondrites would be intrinsic to the silicate portion of the Earth. Unless significant amounts of Si exist in the core, the high Mg/Si ratio is a bulk planetary property, implying that the accretional process did not mix material between 1 AU and 2-4 AU.
11Boron Quadrupole Hyperfine Structure in the Rotational Spectrum of Hydroxydifluoroborane
Authors: Vormann Kirsten , Dreizler Helmut 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The 11B quadrupole hyperfine structure in the rotational spectra of three isotopic species of hydroxydifluoroborane, BF2OH, BF2OD, and BF2
18OH has been investigated and the quadrupole coupling constants of these species have been determined. Using the variation of the 11B quadrupole coupling constants with isotopic substitution, it has been possible to evaluate the complete quadrupole coupling tensor, including the off-diagonal element %ab, for each isotopic species.