bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Disease Susceptibility1 Mediates Pathogen Resistance and Virulence Function of a Bacterial Effector in Soybean
Authors: Wang Jialin , Shine M.B. , Gao Qing-Ming , Navarre Duroy , Jiang Wei , Liu Chunyan , Chen Qingshan , Hu Guohua , Kachroo Aardra 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Enhanced disease susceptibility1 (EDS1) and phytoalexin deficient4 (PAD4) are well-known regulators of both basal and resistance (R) protein-mediated plant defense. We identified two EDS1-like (GmEDS1a/GmEDS1b) proteins and one PAD4-like (GmPAD4) protein that are required for resistance signaling in soybean (Glycine max). Consistent with their significant structural conservation to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) counterparts, constitutive expression of GmEDS1 or GmPAD4 complemented the pathogen resistance defects of Arabidopsis eds1 and pad4 mutants, respectively. Interestingly, however, the GmEDS1 and GmPAD4 did not complement pathogen-inducible salicylic acid accumulation in the eds1/pad4 mutants. Furthermore, the GmEDS1a/GmEDS1b proteins were unable to complement the turnip crinkle virus coat protein-mediated activation of the Arabidopsis R protein Hypersensitive reaction to Turnip crinkle virus (HRT), even though both interacted with HRT. Silencing GmEDS1a/GmEDS1b or GmPAD4 reduced basal and pathogen-inducible salicylic acid accumulation and enhanced soybean susceptibility to virulent pathogens. The GmEDS1a/GmEDS1b and GmPAD4 genes were also required for Resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv glycinea2 (Rpg2)-mediated resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. Notably, the GmEDS1a/GmEDS1b proteins interacted with the cognate bacterial effector AvrA1 and were required for its virulence function in rpg2 plants. Together, these results show that despite significant structural similarities, conserved defense signaling components from diverse plants can differ in their functionalities. In addition, we demonstrate a role for GmEDS1 in regulating the virulence function of a bacterial effector.
Accelerated corrosion investigation of axially loaded reinforced concrete elements
Authors: Zeris Christos , Batis George , Mouloudakis Vassilios , Marakis John 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– This paper aims to present results of an experimental investigation on a series of scaled reinforced concrete column elements which were subjected to chloride exposure under accelerated conditions under a concurrent service axial load, over a period. In the presence of an axial load, directed microcracks of increasing density and width are introduced in the concrete mass, depending on the axial load level. Such cracks are believed to enhance the intrusion rate of chlorides in the concrete, relative to what is obtained in the normally performed unloaded specimen tests.

Design/methodology/approach
– Eighteen column specimens were tested over two chloride exposure periods, of duration up to a maximum of six months. Three different service axial load levels were considered, namely, none, 22 per cent and 43 per cent of the normalized axial load capacity of the columns.

Findings
– The results indicate that the specimens loaded to the higher axial load, which closely resembles actual service situation of such type of elements, exhibited up to ten times faster rates of induced current flow under a constant applied voltage of 500 mV, compared to the unloaded and less loaded specimens.

Practical implications
– It is proven that the presence of axial load influences the rate of chloride ingress in columns and, therefore, should be taken into account in estimating the concrete cover of such elements in durability design.

Originality/value
– The influence of axial loading on corrosion rate has not been considered in published experimental and analytical studies of chloride ingression. These studies have typically so far considered the accelerated corrosion of unloaded column specimens.
Market value chain efficiency in Turkey: application of DEA to the pre- and post-2001 financial crisis
Authors: Kirkulak Berna , Erdem Sabri 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The motivation for this paper stems from the 2001 financial crisis which emerged in the banking industry and spread over the other industries, creating a domino effect. The purpose of this paper is to examine the market efficiency of Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) listed non-financial firms from 2000 through 2002.Design/methodology/approach– A four-stage data envelope analysis (DEA) is developed to measure the performance of firms before and after the 2001 financial crisis. At each stage, production, profitability, marketability and overall efficiencies are measured. Further, Malmquist Productivity Index is applied to compare total factor productivity over time.Findings– The findings show that firms are more efficient at the profitability stage than at other stages. However, the 2001 financial crisis eroded profitability efficiency. Overall, ISE-listed firms experienced diseconomies of scale so that many firms were not able to transform production into sales and therefore earnings efficiently, particularly during the crisis period.Research limitations/implications– The sample is limited to manufacturing companies. All financial firms are excluded from the sample.Originality/value– This paper extends the three-stage market value efficiency process outlined in Zhu (2000) by adding production stage. It proposes four-stage DEA approach to measure production, profitability, marketability and overall efficiency of ISE-listed firms. To the best of authors’ knowledge, there has been no study using four-stage DEA approach for Turkish firms.
Value-relevance of financial statements
Authors: Liu Chelsea , Gould Graeme , Burgan Barry 
Published: May 2014

Purpose– The Chinese capital markets are divided into two segments comprising of A-shares (traded by domestic investors) and B-shares (traded by foreign investors). Firms issuing A-shares are required to produce accounting reports under the Chinese Accounting Standards (CAS) and firms issuing B-shares are required to report under the International Accounting Standards (IAS). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the comparative value-relevance of accounting information in the Chinese capital markets, in particular whether the value-relevance associated IAS exceeds that of CAS.Design/methodology/approach– This study undertakes a capital market research approach. Two statistical models are employed to test the value-relevance of competing accounting information on share prices: the Price Model and the Return Model. This study takes advantage of the parallel reporting frameworks governing the A-share and B-share markets buy using the same firms which issue both A-shares and B-shares.Findings– The analysis supporting the study demonstrates that both CAS and IAS information is value relevant to investors in the Chinese capital markets but that IAS provide more useful information. Additionally it is observed that reconciliation variables (representing the discrepancy between IAS- and CAS-based accounting figures) are not significant in explaining market valuation or returns on stock.Research limitations/implications– This study provides evidence of value-relevance of accounting reports on the Chinese capital markets for the period of 1999-2005. The period under investigation captures the significant development in China's accounting regulations which took place in 1998 and 2001. The recent shift in accounting regulations in China from CAS to IAS is expected to improve the dissemination of financial information by publicly listed Chinese firms.Practical implications– This study investigates the reporting requirements on the Chinese capital markets during a period in which accounting reporting requirements underwent a significant change as part of the internationalization of accounting standards. Both A- and B-share markets were investigated simultaneously in order to provide an objective analysis and avoid sampling selection bias present in other studies.Social implications– The recent shift in accounting regulations in China from CAS to IAS is expected to improve the dissemination of financial information by publicly listed Chinese firms.Originality/value– This paper extends previous research on value-relevance of accounting reports in the Chinese capital markets by capturing the period in which the reporting requirements had experienced significant change. This paper also takes advantage of the dual reporting framework in order to mitigate potential sampling bias present in previous studies and employs a reconciliation variables not previously used.
Getting real about BIM
Authors: Fox Stephen 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– For some years, it has been claimed that Building Information Modelling (BIM) will bring about major improvements to the productivity of the building industry. Yet, productivity has declined while claims for BIM have expanded. Often, BIM descriptions comprise the naïve framing and multiple fallacies of hype. The purpose of this paper is to present critical realist descriptions and explain their advantages compared to BIM hype descriptions.

Design/methodology/approach
– A longitudinal critical realist case study of BIM causal mechanism and causal context.

Findings
– Critical realist analysis reveals that hype about BIM underplays many inter-related causal requirements: all of which are needed to bring project business outcome from management action.

Practical implications
– Many inter-related non-trivial causal factors need to be taken into account to achieve business outcome from BIM implementation action. Further, factors claimed at the outset to be adequate to achieve outcome from action may be less than adequate.

Originality/value –
The originality of this paper is that critical realism analysis across six years is presented. This longitudinal data reveals that claims for BIM can be more future goals than current certainties. The value of this paper is that detailed analysis of hype descriptions is provided alongside critical realist descriptions.
An emote opportunity model of computer abuse
Authors: Baskerville Richard , Hee Park Eun , Kim Jongwoo 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to develop and evaluate an integrated computer abuse model that incorporates both organizational abuse settings and the psychological processes of the abuser.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper developed an emote opportunity (EO) model through a comprehensive literature review and conducted a case study to evaluate the explanatory and prescriptive usefulness of the model.

Findings
– The EO model helps explain the interaction between organization-centric factors and individual-centric factors. It also helps explain how potential computer abusers elicit an emotion process component that ultimately contributes to computer abuse behaviors. The model connects both organizational external regulation processes and individual internal regulation processes to emote process components of potential abusers.

Research limitations/implications
– The study considers only organizational computing resources as the target of computer abuse. The model is evaluated by historical data from a computer abuse case. Future research with contemporary empirical data would further evaluate these findings. Organizations should be aware of the opportunities they create for abuse and the emotional state-of-mind of potential abusers within organizations.

Practical implications
– Organizations should take a holistic approach that incorporates personal emotions and organizational abuse opportunity settings to prevent computer abuse.

Originality/value
– A multilevel, integrated EO model incorporating organizational environment and individual emotion processes provides an elaborated and holistic understanding of computer abuse. The model helps organizations consider the emotional state-of-mind of abusers as well as their organizational situation.
Environmental Kuznets curve for CO2 emission in Mongolia: an empirical analysis
Authors: Ahmed Khalid , Qazi Ahmer Qasim 
Published: May 2014

Purpose
– The paper aims to fill the gap on energy and growth literature for Mongolia. The high growth rate over last decade has substantially increased the energy demand and as a result has increased the carbon-dioxide (CO2) emission. This observed emission trend has possible negative implications over environmental quality of the country. Therefore, this paper empirically examines the relationship between CO2 emission and four major explanatory variables (economic growth, energy consumption (EC) and trade openness) in Mongolia.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study uses environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and employs Johansen method of cointegration and granger causality test for empirical investigation. In the end, the stability of model is also checked.

Findings
– The results confirm the existence of EKC hypothesis among the variables both in long-run and short-run except trade openness, which surprisingly found insignificant. This means increased EC due to growth in economy is imparting environmental degradation but positive sign for trade in long-run shows that country is not adequately open to trade. The model found stable and unidirectional causality is detected from growth to carbon emission.

Practical implications
– In the light of empirical results, this paper provides basic policy structure in order to keep both growth and environmental quality intact. The findings further imply that drastic measures are to be taken for country's trade liberalization. In nutshell, this research extends pragmatic policy tools for environmental degradation and growth nexus to assist government in the nick of time.

Originality/value
– This study is first of its kind for country Mongolia and it applies causality test besides model stability test, which does not only authenticate the results but also provide unique way to conduct similar future research.
Bias in magnitude for earthquakes with unknown focal mechanism
Authors: Daniel G. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThis study investigates errors induced by the use of average double‐couple radiation coefficients for the computation of earthquake magnitude. Indeed, when an earthquake focal mechanism cannot be anticipated before calculating its magnitude, we show that the induced error depends on several factors such as event location, monitoring network aperture, type of seismic phase involved in the calculation (P/S waves) and focal mechanism. Energy radiated at lower amplitude is less likely to be observed, so, applying an absolute lower bound on radiation equal to 0.1, we show that errors in magnitude are expected to range within the [−0.5; 0.2] interval. This indicates that errors have a stronger tendency towards under‐estimation than over‐estimation. We also present simulations of the spatial distribution of such errors for two double‐couple mechanisms and one tensile opening, which reveal strong spatial dependencies on: i) the radiation pattern; and ii) the coverage of the focal sphere by the monitoring network. We show that the variability of errors significantly decreases with increasing network aperture. We apply this procedure to a field dataset, namely the monitoring of hydraulic fracturing in the Cotton Valley formation of Texas. In this case, if event focal mechanisms were not accounted for, errors in magnitude would generally fall within the above‐mentioned interval; except for a few events presenting a larger under‐estimation (error would reach when the magnitude is computed using P waves only). A clear spatial pattern of errors is also observed at the Cotton Valley project, characterized by a west‐to‐east change in error polarity, but presenting a non‐varying pattern in depth. Finally, such errors in magnitude have an insignificant impact on frequency‐size distribution of events. b‐value estimates based on such frequency‐size distributions are within the uncertainty domain of estimates based on corrected frequency‐size distributions.
Aggregation behavior of Harmonia axyridis under non‐wintering conditions
Authors: Durieux Delphine , Fassotte Bérénice , Deneubourg Jean‐Louis , Brostaux Yves , Vandereycken Axel , Joie Emilie , Haubruge Eric , Verheggen François J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe invasive multicolored Asian ladybeetle, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), aggregates inside dwellings during winter to avoid cold weather. This adaptive behavior disturbs homeowners, because of the large numbers of individuals that aggregate, which induces allergic reactions. The migratory flight patterns of this species have been well documented, with individuals preferentially moving toward prominent and high color contrast elements. However, the factors involved in the selection of aggregation sites by this species have yet to be elucidated. Here, we evaluated the influence of (i) the density of individuals and (ii) the type of available shelters on decisions by H. axyridis to settle and aggregate under shelters. A dual choice bioassay conducted in the laboratory demonstrated the presence of mutual attraction to conspecifics. We also found that individuals preferentially settled under red covered shelters compared to transparent shelters, and that the type of shelter outweighed the effect of social interactions among conspecifics. Moreover, this experiment was performed under non‐wintering conditions, providing the first evidence that aggregative behavior in this species can also occur under those specific conditions.
The prevalence of isolated growth hormone deficiency among children of short stature in Jordan and its relationship with consanguinity
Authors: Zayed Ayman A. , Mustafa Ali Moaath K. , Al‐Ani Mohammad A. , Momani Munther S. , Yousef Al‐Motassem F. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryObjectiveThe prevalence of isolated growth hormone deficiency (IGHD) among short‐statured children in Jordan, where consanguineous marriage (CM) is common, is unknown. No studies have investigated the relationship between degrees of consanguinity and IGHD. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of IGHD among short‐statured children referred to a university hospital in Jordan and its relationship with different degrees of consanguinity.DesignWe conducted a 24‐month cross‐sectional observational trial at an outpatient tertiary care center in Amman, Jordan.PatientsWe obtained detailed family histories, medical evaluations and laboratory tests for 94 short‐statured children (50 boys and 44 girls aged 6–16 years).MeasurementsComplete and partial GHD were defined as peak GH responses of 5 and 7 μg/l (15 and 21 mIU/l) [IRMA/DiaSorin®], respectively, in both exercise and insulin tolerance tests.ResultsGHD was diagnosed in 69·1% of the short children, including 86% (43/50) of the children of consanguineous parents (83·3%, 93·8% and 81·8% of children of first cousins, first cousins once removed and second cousins, respectively) and 50% (20/44) of the children of nonconsanguineous parents (P = 0·039, 0·002 and 0·013, respectively). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of small pituitary MRI between GH‐deficient children of consanguineous parents and those of nonconsanguineous parents (28·6% vs 13·6%, P = 0·3).ConclusionsThe prevalence of IGHD among referred short children in Jordan was exceptionally high and significantly higher in the children of CM. In countries where CM is common, preconception counselling and rigorous surveillance for GHD in short children may be indicated.
Six‐year clinical outcome of single implant‐retained mandibular overdentures – a pilot study
Authors: Passia Nicole , Wolfart Stefan , Kern Matthias 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this prospective pilot study was to evaluate the prosthodontic maintenance as well as the implant outcome of single implant‐retained mandibular overdentures over an observation period of 6 years.MethodsEleven edentulous patients received one single implant in the midline of the mandible. Denture bases were temporarily relined and 2 months later provided with a ball attachment for implant retention. Implant related parameters and prosthodontic maintenance interventions were assessed 4 weeks after implant loading and then once a year.ResultsOver a mean observation period of 75.9 months, no implant was lost. The most frequent prosthetic maintenance intervention was activation of the matrix due to loss of retention, followed by exchange of the female part. Eight denture bases had to be repaired after a fracture in the midline area.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this preliminary clinical study, the concept of a single midline implant to retain a mandibular complete denture was a successful treatment option for elderly edentulous patients.
Sexuell übertragbare Infektionen
Authors: Fuchs Wolfgang , Brockmeyer Norbert H. 
Published: May 2014

ZusammenfassungIn kaum einem anderen Gebiet der Medizin erleben Infektionen, die in den 1980er und 1990er Jahren teilweise eine Rarität im klinischen Alltag darstellten, eine Renaissance, wie dies in der Venerologie derzeit beobachtet werden kann. Die zunehmenden Infektionen im europäischen Raum, welche auch in der groflen Mobilität der Bevölkerung begründet ist, sowie die sich ausbreitenden bakteriologischen Resistenzen, stellen Gesundheitsberufe vor neue Aufgaben. Die WHO geht von mehr als 340 Millionen Erkrankungsfällen weltweit pro Jahr aus. Erkrankungen durch sexuell übertragbare Infektionen (STI) im engeren Sinne sind Syphilis, Gonorrhoe, Lymphogranuloma venereum, Granuloma inguinale und das Ulcus molle. Im weiteren Sinne gehören jedoch alle Erkrankungen dazu, welche überwiegend durch Infektionen bei sexuellen Kontakten übertragen werden können. Hierbei ist der Begriff „sexuelle Kontakte“ sehr weit zu fassen, also einbeziehend enge körperliche Kontakte bis hin zu allen Varianten des Geschlechtsverkehrs. Der vorliegende CME‐Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die häufigsten, im klinischen Alltag auftretenden sexuell übertragenen Infektionen. Sowohl Grundlagen als auch neuere Entwicklungen werden im Folgenden besprochen.
Occupational skin cancer due to UV‐irradiation – Analyses of notified cases as “virtually‐certain” occupational disease in Germany between 2005 and 2011
Authors: Schmitt Jochen , Diepgen Thomas L. 
Published: May 2014

SummaryBackgroundUV‐induced skin cancer is not yet included in the German ordinance on occupational diseases and can only be notified and recognized acknowledged as “virtually‐certain” occupational disease. The objective of the study was to analyze notified and acknowledged cases of occupational skin cancer due to UV‐irradiation in Germany between 2005 and 2011.Patients and MethodsAll notified cases of occupational skin cancer due to UV‐irradiation have been analyzed which have been registered by the German Statutory accident insurance as of May 2012 were analyzed. The data analyze was descriptive stratified annually for presenting time trends.Data analysis was descriptive, stratified by year to defect time trends.ResultsNotified cases have increased annually with a total of 548 registered cases of occupational skin cancer induced by UV‐irradiation between 2005 and 2011, and 74 recognized acknowledged cases. In 56 cases the procedure was not yet finished. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and in‐situ squamous cell carcinoma (actinic keratosis, Bowen's disease) were most frequent and have been the most frequentlyobserved in 333 notified cases. and between 15.6 % and 24.9 % have been recognizedof cases with SCC and actinic keratosis were recognized, respectively. 184 patients with basal cell carcinoma were notified but only 6.5 % recognized acknowledged and only 3 cases with exclusive basal cell carcinoma. Out of 50 notified patients with Mmelanoma only one was recognizedacknowledged.ConclusionsThe results are in good agreement with the proposal of the German Minister of labor to establish UV‐induced skin cancer as a new occupational disease.