bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Factor‐kappaB‐Mediated Endothelin Receptor Up‐Regulation Increases Renal Artery Contractility in Rats
Authors: Xie Yan‐Hua , Wang Si‐Wang , Zhang Yaping , Edvinsson Lars , Xu Cang‐Bao 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIncreased renal artery contractility leads to renal vasospasm and ischaemia as well as kidney damage. This study was designed to examine the hypothesis that organ culture of renal arteries induces transcriptional up‐regulation of endothelin typeA(ETA) and typeB2 (ETB2) receptors in the smooth muscle cells via activation of nuclear factor‐kappaB(NF‐κB) and subsequently increases renal artery contractility. Rat renal artery segments were organ‐cultured for 6 or 24 hr to increase endothelin receptor‐mediated contraction. To dissect molecular mechanisms involved in this process, inhibitors forNF‐κBsignalling pathway (MG‐132 andBMS345541), transcription (actinomycinD) and translation (cycloheximide) were used during organ culture. Endothelin receptors were studied using a sensitive myograph (functional contractility), real‐timePCR(mRNAanalysis) and immunohistochemistry (protein localization). Compared with fresh segments, contractile responses to endothelin‐1 (non‐selective endothelin receptor agonist) and sarafotoxin 6c (selectiveETBreceptor agonist) were significantly increased in the segments after 24 hr of organ culture;ETB2receptor‐mediated maximal contraction increased from 2.7 ± 0.5 to 135.3 ± 5.1 (p < 0.001), and potency (pEC50) ofETAreceptor agonist increased from 8.20 ± 0.04 to 8.72 ± 0.07 (p < 0.001). This was in parallel with increased correspondingmRNAand protein expression forETAandETB2receptors.BMS345541,MG‐132, actinomycinDor cyclohexamide, respectively, suppressed the up‐regulation ofETAandETB2receptors. Immunostaining performed with specific antibody showed thatIκBwas phosphorylated during organ culture. In conclusion, activation ofNF‐κBmediates up‐regulation ofETAandETB2receptors and subsequently increases renal artery contractility, which may contribute to renal vasospasm and ischaemia as well as kidney damage.
A Hierarchical Model for Probabilistic Independent Component Analysis of Multi-Subject fMRI Studies
Authors: Guo Ying , Tang Li 
Published: August 2013

Summary
An important goal in fMRI studies is to decompose the observed series of brain images to identify and characterize underlying brain functional networks. Independent component analysis (ICA) has been shown to be a powerful computational tool for this purpose. Classic ICA has been successfully applied to single-subject fMRI data. The extension of ICA to group inferences in neuroimaging studies, however, is challenging due to the unavailability of a pre-specified group design matrix. Existing group ICA methods generally concatenate observed fMRI data across subjects on the temporal domain and then decompose multi-subject data in a similar manner to single-subject ICA. The major limitation of existing methods is that they ignore between-subject variability in spatial distributions of brain functional networks in group ICA. In this article, we propose a new hierarchical probabilistic group ICA method to formally model subject-specific effects in both temporal and spatial domains when decomposing multi-subject fMRI data. The proposed method provides model-based estimation of brain functional networks at both the population and subject level. An important advantage of the hierarchical model is that it provides a formal statistical framework to investigate similarities and differences in brain functional networks across subjects, for example, subjects with mental disorders or neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's as compared to normal subjects. We develop an EM algorithm for model estimation where both the E-step and M-step have explicit forms. We compare the performance of the proposed hierarchical model with that of two popular group ICA methods via simulation studies. We illustrate our method with application to an fMRI study of Zen meditation.
Visuospatial working memory for locations, colours, and binding in typically developing children and in children with dyslexia and non‐verbal learning disability
Authors: Garcia Ricardo Basso , Mammarella Irene C. , Tripodi Doriana , Cornoldi Cesare 
Published: August 2013

This study examined forward and backward recall of locations and colours and the binding of locations and colours, comparing typically developing children – aged between 8 and 10 years – with two different groups of children of the same age with learning disabilities (dyslexia in one group, non‐verbal learning disability [NLD] in the other). Results showed that groups with learning disabilities had different visuospatial working memory problems and that children with NLD had particular difficulties in the backward recall of locations. The differences between the groups disappeared, however, when locations and colours were bound together. It was concluded that specific processes may be involved in children in the binding and backward recall of different types of information, as they are not simply the resultant of combining the single processes needed to recall single features.
Child and adolescent mental health in schools
Authors: Weare Katherine 
Published: August 2013

It is a pleasure to write the editorial for this issue of the journal, which also highlights the publication of a Virtual Issue (VI)1 which brings together some of the most influential articles published on child and adolescent mental health in schools over the last 10 years. The retrospective by David Galloway, written 2001, is an interesting starting point for commentary, looking back over what is now 30 years. Its themes about UK educational policies and their impacts resonate through the articles collected here from across the world and are in most cases are as relevant today as ever (Galloway, 2001*)2.
How and Why Does the 5‐HTTLPR Gene Moderate Associations Between Maternal Unresponsiveness and Children's Disruptive Problems?
Authors: Davies Patrick T. , Cicchetti Dante 
Published: August 2013

This study tested the 5‐HTTLPR gene as a moderator in the relation between maternal unresponsiveness and child externalizing symptoms in a disadvantaged, predominantly Black sample of two hundred and one 2‐year‐old children and their mothers. Using a multimethod, prospective design, structural equation model analyses indicated that maternal unresponsiveness significantly predicted increases in externalizing symptoms 2 years later only for children possessing the LL genotype. Moderation was expressed in a “for better” or “for worse” form hypothesized in differential susceptibility theory. In examining why the risk posed by maternal unresponsiveness differed across the 5‐HTTLPR polymorphism, mediated moderation analyses showed that children's angry reactivity to maternal negativity partly accounted for the greater susceptibility of homozygous L carriers to variations in maternal unresponsiveness.
Beliefs About Thought Probability: Evidence for Persistent Errors in Mindreading and Links to Executive Control
Authors: Hansen Lagattuta Kristin , Sayfan Liat , Harvey Christina 
Published: August 2013

Four‐ to 10‐year‐olds' and adults' (N = 263) ability to inhibit privileged knowledge and simulate a naïve perspective were examined. Participants viewed pictures that were then occluded aside from a small ambiguous part. They offered suggestions for how a naïve person might interpret the hidden pictures, as well as rated the probability that a naïve person would think of several different pictures (with one picture being the actual item). Results indicated a significant increase between ages 4 and 7 years in attributing novel interpretations; however, all age groups overestimated the probability that a naïve person could guess the actual pictures. Individual differences in working memory and inhibitory control predicted participants' thought suggestions as well as aspects of their probability judgments.
RhoA–Rho kinase and platelet‐activating factor stimulation of ovine foetal pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation
Authors: Renteria L. S. , Austin M. , Lazaro M. , Andrews M. A. , Lustina J. , Raj J. U. , Ibe B. O. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectivesPlatelet‐activating factor (PAF) is produced by pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells (PVSMC). We studied effects of Rho kinase on PAF stimulation of PVSMC proliferation in an attempt to understand the role of RhoA/Rho kinase on PAF‐induced ovine foetal pulmonary vascular remodelling. Our hypothesis is that PAF acts through Rho kinase, as one of its downstream signals, to induce arterial (SMC‐PA) and venous (SMC‐PV) cell proliferation in the hypoxic lung environment of the foetus, in utero.Materials and methodsRho kinase and MAPK effects on PAF receptor (PAFR)‐mediated cell population expansion, and PAFR expression, were studied by DNA synthesis, western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. Effects of constructs T19N and G14V on PAF‐induced cell proliferation were also investigated.ResultsHypoxia increased PVSMC proliferation and Rho kinase inhibitors, Y‐27632 and Fasudil (HA‐1077) as well as MAPK inhibitors PD 98059 and SB 203580 attenuated PAF stimulation of cell proliferation. RhoA T19N and G14V stimulated cell proliferation, but co‐incubation with PAF did not affect proliferative effects of the constructs. PAFR protein expression was significantly downregulated in both cell types by both Y‐27632 and HA‐1077, with comparable profiles. Also, cells treated with Y‐27632 had less PAF receptor fluorescence with significant disruption of cell morphology.ConclusionsOur results show that Rho kinase non‐specifically modulated PAFR‐mediated responses by a translational modification of PAFR protein, and suggest that, in vivo, activation of Rho kinase by PAF may be a further pathway to sustain PAFR‐mediated PVSMC proliferation.
Wildlife Management in Tanzania: State Control, Rent Seeking and Community Resistance
Authors: Benjaminsen Tor A. , Goldman Mara J. , Minwary Maya Y. , Maganga Faustin P. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTDespite a decade of rhetoric on community conservation, current trends in Tanzania reflect a disturbing process of reconsolidation of state control over wildlife resources and increased rent‐seeking behaviour, combined with dispossession of communities. Whereas the 1998 Wildlife Policy promoted community participation and local benefits, the subsequent policy of 2007 and the Wildlife Conservation Act of 2009 returned control over wildlife and over income from sport hunting and safari tourism to central government. These trends, which sometimes include the use of state violence and often take place in the name of ‘community‐based’ conservation, are not, however, occurring without resistance from communities. This article draws on in‐depth studies of wildlife management practices at three locations in northern Tanzania to illustrate these trends. The authors argue that this outcome is more than just the result of the neoliberalization of conservation. It reflects old patterns of state patrimony and rent seeking, combined with colonial narratives of conservation, all enhanced through neoliberal reforms of the past two decades. At the same time, much of the rhetoric of neoliberal reforms is being pushed back by the state in order to capture rent and interact with villagers in new and oppressive ways.
The 2‐oxoglutarate supply exerts significant control on the lysine synthesis flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Quezada Héctor , Marín‐Hernández Alvaro , Arreguín‐Espinosa Roberto , Rumjanek Franklin D. , Moreno‐Sánchez Rafael , Saavedra Emma 
Published: August 2013

To determine the extent to which the supply of the precursor 2‐oxoglutarate (2‐OG) controls the synthesis of lysine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae growing exponentially in high glucose, top‐down elasticity analysis was used. Three groups of reactions linked by 2‐OG were defined. The 2‐OG supply group comprised all metabolic steps leading to its formation, and the two 2‐OG consumer groups comprised the enzymes and transporters involved in 2‐OG transformation into lysine and glutamate and their further utilization for protein synthesis and storage. Various 2‐OG steady‐state concentrations that produced different fluxes to lysine and glutamate were attained using yeast mutants with increasing activities of Krebs cycle enzymes and decreased activities of Lys synthesis enzymes. The elasticity coefficients of the three enzyme groups were determined from the dependence of the amino acid fluxes on the 2‐OG concentration. The respective degrees of control on the flux towards lysine (flux control coefficients) were determined from their elasticities, and were 1.1, 0.41 and −0.52 for the 2‐OG producer group and the Lys and Glu branches, respectively. Thus, the predominant control exerted by the 2‐OG supply on the rate of lysine synthesis suggests that over‐expression of 2‐OG producer enzymes may be a highly effective strategy to enhance Lys production.
Basin‐scale phenology and effects of climate variability on global timing of initial seaward migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Authors: Otero Jaime , L'Abée‐Lund Jan Henning , Castro‐Santos Ted , Leonardsson Kjell , Storvik Geir O. , Jonsson Bror , Dempson Brian , Russell Ian C. , Jensen Arne J. , Baglinière Jean‐Luc , Dionne Mélanie , Armstrong John D. , Romakkaniemi Atso , Letcher Benjamin H. , Kocik John F. , Erkinaro Jaakko , Poole Russell , Rogan Ger , Lundqvist Hans , MacLean Julian C. , Jokikokko Erkki , Arnekleiv Jo Vegar , Kennedy Richard J. , Niemelä Eero , Caballero Pablo , Music Paul A. , Antonsson Thorolfur , Gudjonsson Sigurdur , Veselov Alexey E. , Lamberg Anders , Groom Steve , Taylor Benjamin H. , Taberner Malcolm , Dillane Mary , Arnason Fridthjofur , Horton Gregg , Hvidsten Nils A. , Jonsson Ingi R. , Jonsson Nina , McKelvey Simon , Næsje Tor F. , Skaala Øystein , Smith Gordon W. , Sægrov Harald , Stenseth Nils C. , Vøllestad Leif Asbjørn 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMigrations between different habitats are key events in the lives of many organisms. Such movements involve annually recurring travel over long distances usually triggered by seasonal changes in the environment. Often, the migration is associated with travel to or from reproduction areas to regions of growth. Young anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) emigrate from freshwater nursery areas during spring and early summer to feed and grow in the North Atlantic Ocean. The transition from the freshwater (‘parr’) stage to the migratory stage where they descend streams and enter salt water (‘smolt’) is characterized by morphological, physiological and behavioural changes where the timing of this parr‐smolt transition is cued by photoperiod and water temperature. Environmental conditions in the freshwater habitat control the downstream migration and contribute to within‐ and among‐river variation in migratory timing. Moreover, the timing of the freshwater emigration has likely evolved to meet environmental conditions in the ocean as these affect growth and survival of the post‐smolts. Using generalized additive mixed‐effects modelling, we analysed spatio‐temporal variations in the dates of downstream smolt migration in 67 rivers throughout the North Atlantic during the last five decades and found that migrations were earlier in populations in the east than the west. After accounting for this spatial effect, the initiation of the downstream migration among rivers was positively associated with freshwater temperatures, up to about 10 °C and levelling off at higher values, and with sea‐surface temperatures. Earlier migration occurred when river discharge levels were low but increasing. On average, the initiation of the smolt seaward migration has occurred 2.5 days earlier per decade throughout the basin of the North Atlantic. This shift in phenology matches changes in air, river, and ocean temperatures, suggesting that Atlantic salmon emigration is responding to the current global climate changes.
Carbon dioxide controlled earthquake distribution pattern in the NW Bohemian swarm earthquake region, western Eger Rift, Czech Republic – gas migration in the crystalline basement
Authors: Weinlich F. H. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe ascent of magmatic carbon dioxide in the western Eger (Ohře) Rift is interlinked with the fault systems of the Variscian basement. In the Cheb Basin, the minimum CO2 flux is about 160 m3 h−1, with a diminishing trend towards the north and ceasing in the main epicentral area of the Northwest Bohemian swarm earthquakes. The ascending CO2 forms Ca‐Mg‐HCO3 type waters by leaching of cations from the fault planes and creates clay minerals, such as kaolinite, as alteration products on affected fault planes. These mineral reactions result in fault weakness and in hydraulically interconnected fault network. This leads to a decrease in the friction coefficient of the Coulomb failure stress (CFS) and to fault creep as stress build‐up cannot occur in the weak segments. At the transition zone in the north of the Cheb Basin, between areas of weak, fluid conductive faults and areas of locked faults with frictional strength, fluid pressure can increase resulting in stress build‐up. This can trigger strike‐slip swarm earthquakes. Fault creep or movements in weak segments may support a stress build‐up in the transition area by transmitting fluid pressure pulses. Additionally to fluid‐driven triggering models, it is important to consider that fluids ascending along faults are CO2‐supersaturated thus intensifying the effect of fluid flow. The enforced flow of CO2‐supersaturated fluids in the transitional zone from high to low permeability segments through narrowings triggers gas exsolution and may generate pressure fluctuations. Phase separation starts according to the phase behaviour of CO2‐H2O systems in the seismically active depths of NW Bohemia and may explain the vertical distribution of the seismicity. Changes in the size of the fluid transport channels in the fault systems caused, or superimposed, by fault movements, can produce fluid pressure increases or pulses, which are the precondition for triggering fluid‐induced swarm earthquakes.
Immigration and Chinese food preferences in the Greater Toronto Area
Authors: Adekunle Bamidele , Filson Glen , Sethuratnam Sridharan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThis paper presents important socio‐economic characteristics of Chinese Canadians in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and the impact of these characteristics and acculturation on their expenditure on and consumption of ethnic vegetables. These consumers purchase ethnic vegetables based on attributes such as quality, traceable production, versatility and language. The factors that predict expenditure on ethnic vegetables among Chinese Canadians are as follows: the percentage spent on food out of total monthly income, years spent in Canada and acculturation. The estimated demand per month for Chinese ethnic vegetables in the GTA is $CAD21 million. Meeting this demand with ever more locally produced vegetables will reduce ‘food miles’, enhance niche market production and facilitate greater agricultural sustainability in Ontario.
Consumers' knowledge of textile label information: an exploratory investigation
Authors: van der Merwe Daleen , Bosman Magdalena , Ellis Susanna , van der Colff Nadia , Warnock Mary 
Published: August 2013

AbstractTextile label information facilitates consumers' pre‐ and post‐purchase decisions. Because consumers' knowledge regarding this information is relatively unexplored in a South African context, it was the focus of this exploratory descriptive study. A face‐to‐face survey was employed among respondents (n = 120) recruited at selected public locations in Potchefstroom, North‐West Province, South Africa, according to predetermined inclusion criteria. The majority of respondents were able to correctly locate specific information (such as country of origin, size and fibre content; 75%) and identify textile and care symbols (78%) on the label, but were less knowledgeable about synthetic fibres (41%) and certain care symbols (53–58%). More educated, younger respondents speaking Eurocentric languages (Afrikaans and English) appeared to be more knowledgeable about textile label information than respondents speaking an African language. Even though respondents had excellent label knowledge in most instances, a lack of practical application of this knowledge was evident in their reading of care labels pre‐ and post‐purchase, as well as in their use of textile labels to make purchasing decisions. Educational programmes regarding textile labels should thus emphasize the skills that are necessary to optimally utilize labels.
Does isotretinoin therapy of acne cure or cause depression?
Authors: Borovaya Alena , Olisova Olga , Ruzicka Thomas , Sárdy Miklós 
Published: August 2013

AbstractCosmetic defects in acne may provoke a wide range of mental disorders (depressive, social‐phobic, etc.). Isotretinoin is a very effective acne treatment; hence, it usually resolves the associated mental disorders. However, more available data show the possible association of taking isotretinoin and the onset of a depressive syndrome that includes frank depression and even suicidal ideation. The frequency of depressive disorders during isotretinoin treatment varies from 1% to 11% in different studies, and it is unclear whether this is a consequence of isotretinoin therapy. Since it crosses the blood‐brain barrier, isotretinoin affects the expression of a broad spectrum of genes in the limbic structures, thus affecting the function of the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic neurons involved in the regulation of mood and emotion. It was suggested that isotretinoin in high concentrations inhibits hippocampal neurogenesis and induces apoptosis of hippocampal cells. However, some studies do not confirm this pathogenic role, and isotretinoin was even reported to have a therapeutic effect in acne‐associated depression. In this review, we highlight epidemiological data, the underlying molecular pathogenesis, and the aspects of prevention concerning retinoid‐induced depression in acne from the practical point of view of a dermatologist.
Language and literacy development in a Canadian native community: Halq'eméylem revitalization in a Stó:lō head start program in British Columbia
Authors: Moore Danièle , Macdonald Margaret 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTThe following study is part of a larger community‐based project that began in 2007 to document Halq'eméylem language and cultural transmission among Elders, family members, and teachers in the Stó:lō First Nation located in Chilliwack, British Columbia, Canada (MacDonald et al., 2010; MacDonald et al., 2011). Within the larger project, this article focuses on Halq'eméylem language and literacy transmission and the ways that literacy practices, including the creation of a Halq'eméylem orthography, and theories of school‐based second language acquisition have influenced language revitalization within a British Columbia Aboriginal Head Start program. Using ethnographic methods and grounded theory, findings illustrate how a lack of teacher fluency has influenced the transmission of Halq'eméylem by creating the need to rely on a unique bi‐/multiliteracy base where environmental print, translated names, translated songs, and interactive text‐based computer games are used to support Halq'eméylem language development among parents and teachers who are jointly and concurrently learning and teaching their ancestral language. The study is anchored in a critical perspective on multilingualism (Creese & Blackledge, 2010) that moves away from ideologized beliefs that linguistic systems should be strictly separated, including within second language classrooms (Cummins, 2008; Lüdi, 2003; Lüdi & Py, 2009; Moore & Gajo, 2009; Swain & Lapkin, 2005).