bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS AND TREATMENT OF DIURNAL BRUXISM
Authors: Lang Russell , Davenport Katy , Britt Courtney , Ninci Jennifer , Garner Jennifer , Moore Melissa 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAn analogue functional analysis identified attention as a function for a 5‐year‐old boy's bruxism (teeth grinding). Functional communication training resulted in a reduction of bruxism and an increase in alternative mands for attention. Results were maintained 3 weeks following the intervention.
Role of ATF7-TAF12 interactions in the vitamin D response hypersensitivity of osteoclast precursors in Paget's disease
Authors: Teramachi Jumpei , Hiruma Yuko , Ishizuka Seiichi , Ishizuka Hisako , Brown Jacques P , Michou Laëtitia , Cao Huiling , Galson Deborah L , Subler Mark A , Zhou Hua , Dempster David W , Windle Jolene J , Roodman G David , Kurihara Noriyoshi 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Osteoclast (OCL) precursors from many Paget's disease (PD) patients express measles virus nucleocapsid protein (MVNP) and are hypersensitive to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3; also know as calcitriol). The increased 1,25-(OH)2D3 sensitivity is mediated by transcription initiation factor TFIID subunit 12 (TAF12), a coactivator of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is present at much higher levels in MVNP-expressing OCL precursors than normals. These results suggest that TAF12 plays an important role in the abnormal OCL activity in PD. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying both 1,25-(OH)2D3's effects on OCL formation and the contribution of TAF12 to these effects in both normals and PD patients are unclear. Inhibition of TAF12 with a specific TAF12 antisense construct decreased OCL formation and OCL precursors' sensitivity to 1,25-(OH)2D3 in PD patient bone marrow samples. Further, OCL precursors from transgenic mice in which TAF12 expression was targeted to the OCL lineage (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase [TRAP]-TAF12 mice), formed OCLs at very low levels of 1,25-(OH)2D3, although the OCLs failed to exhibit other hallmarks of PD OCLs, including receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) hypersensitivity and hypermultinucleation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis of OCL precursors using an anti-TAF12 antibody demonstrated that TAF12 binds the 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) promoter, which contains two functional vitamin D response elements (VDREs), in the presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3. Because TAF12 directly interacts with the cyclic adenosine monophosphate–dependent activating transcription factor 7 (ATF7) and potentiates ATF7-induced transcriptional activation of ATF7-driven genes in other cell types, we determined whether TAF12 is a functional partner of ATF7 in OCL precursors. Immunoprecipitation of lysates from either wild-type (WT) or MVNP-expressing OCL with an anti-TAF12 antibody, followed by blotting with an anti-ATF7 antibody, or vice versa, showed that TAF12 and ATF7 physically interact in OCLs. Knockdown of ATF7 in MVNP-expressing cells decreased cytochrome P450, family 24, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP24A1) induction by 1,25-(OH)2D3, as well as TAF12 binding to the CYP24A1 promoter. These results show that ATF7 interacts with TAF12 and contributes to the hypersensitivity of OCL precursors to 1,25-(OH)2D3 in PD.
Is retention of zoledronic acid onto bone different in multiple myeloma and breast cancer patients with bone metastasis?
Authors: Søe Kent , Plesner Torben , Jakobsen Erik H , Hansen Charlotte T , Jørgensen Henrik B , Delaissé Jean-Marie 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACT

Zoledronic acid (Zol) is used to treat bone disease in both multiple myeloma (MM) and breast cancer patients with bone metastasis (BC). However, bones of MM and BC patients show a difference in retention of the bisphosphonate used for bone scintigraphy. Therefore, we hypothesized that disease-specific factors may differently influence Zol retention in MM and BC patients. We tested this hypothesis in an investigator initiated phase II clinical trial in which we compared the whole-body retention (WBrt) of Zol in a cohort of 30 multiple myeloma (MM) and 30 breast cancer (BC) (20 Zol naive and 40 with six or more previous administrations). On average, 62% of the administered Zol was retained in the skeleton of both MM and BC patients and independently of the number of treatments. WBrt of Zol did not correlate with cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX) levels, but linear regression analyses showed that WBrt of Zol correlated with bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) levels in BC (p = 0.001), and with CTX/bALP in Zol naive MM patients (p = 0.012). Especially in BC patients, WBrt correlated with age (p = 0.014) independently of kidney function. In MM patients WBrt was found to primarily correlate with the extent of bone disease (p = 0.028). Multivariate linear regression analyses of the entire cohort pointed out that WBrt of Zol was best predicted by age (p &lt; 0.000), osseous lesions (p &lt; 0.001), and the preceding Zol dosing (p &lt; 0.005) (r2 = 0.97). Comparing bone scintigrams with CT/X-ray images showed a poor correlation between sites of active bone disease and binding of scintigraphy bisphosphonate in 36% of MM patients and in 13% of BC patients. We conclude that WBrt of Zol is primarily determined by two non-disease related factors and only one disease related, but that there may be differences in retention or drug delivery at individual sites of bone disease between MM and BC patients. In order to find the optimal dosing of Zol, these observations should be taken into account.
Pharmacogenetics of Allopurinol—Making an Old Drug Safer
Authors: Lam May P. S. , Yeung Chi K. , Cheung Bernard M. Y. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractAllopurinol is a drug that has been used for decades to lower serum urate levels in patients with gout or chronic renal failure and in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy at risk of tumor lysis syndrome. Patients may develop cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions, ranging from mild rashes to potentially fatal severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) namely drug hypersensitivity syndrome, Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). Recent studies have demonstrated the association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B*58:01 allele and allopurinol‐induced SCARs, which might explain ethnic differences in their incidences. Genotyping is now required before starting abacavir and carbamazepine so as to identify individuals susceptible to SJS. However, no genetic screening is advocated before commencement of allopurinol. The lack of availability of a rapid and inexpensive screening test for the HLA‐B*58:01 allele is one of the obstacles to such screening. Development of a test that is quick, accurate, and cost‐effective is warranted.
New constraints on Greenland ice sheet dynamics during the last glacial cycle: Evidence from the Uummannaq ice stream system
Authors: Roberts David H. , Rea Brice R. , Lane Tim P. , Schnabel Christoph , Rodés Angel 
Published: February 2013

AbstractThis paper presents the first assessment of the Uummannaq ice stream system (UISS) in West Greenland. The UISS drained ~6% of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) at the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The onset of the UISS is a function of a convergent network of fjords which feed a geologically controlled trough system running offshore to the shelf break. Mapping, cosmogenic radiogenic nuclide (CRN) dating, and model output reveal that glacially scoured surfaces up to 1266 m above sea level (asl) in fjord‐head areas were produced by warm‐based ice moving offshore during the LGM, with the elevation of warm‐based ice dropping westwards to ~700 m asl as the ice stream trunk zone developed. Marginal plateaux with allochthonous blockfields suggest that warm‐based ice produced till and erratics up to ~1200 m asl, but CRN ages and weathering pits suggest this was pre‐LGM, with only cold‐based ice operating during the LGM. Deglaciation began on the outer shelf at ~14.8 cal. kyrs B.P., with Ubekendt Ejland becoming ice free at ~12.4 ka. The UISS then collapsed with over 100 km of retreat by ~11.4 ka–10.8 cal. kyrs B.P., a rapid and complex response to bathymetric deepening, trough widening, and sea‐level rise coinciding with rapidly increasing air temperatures and solar radiation, but which occurred prior to ocean warming at ~8.4 cal. kyrs B.P. Local fjord constriction temporarily stabilized the unzipped UISS margins at the start of the Holocene before ice retreat inland of the current margin at ~8.7 ka.
The Degree‐Diameter Problem for Claw‐Free Graphs and Hypergraphs
Authors: Dankelmann Peter , Vetrík Tomáš 
Published: February 2013

AbstractWe study the degree‐diameter problem for claw‐free graphs and 2‐regular hypergraphs. Let be the largest order of a claw‐free graph of maximum degree Δ and diameter D. We show that , where , for any D and any even . So for claw‐free graphs, the well‐known Moore bound can be strengthened considerably. We further show that for with (mod 4). We also give an upper bound on the order of ‐free graphs of given maximum degree and diameter for . We prove similar results for the hypergraph version of the degree‐diameter problem. The hypergraph Moore bound states that the order of a hypergraph of maximum degree Δ, rank k, and diameter D is at most . For 2‐regular hypergraph of rank and any diameter D, we improve this bound to , where . Our construction of claw‐free graphs of diameter 2 yields a similar result for hypergraphs of diameter 2, degree 2, and any even rank .
Over‐expression, secretion, biochemical characterisation, and structure analysis of Bacillus subtilis aminopeptidase
Authors: Gao Xinxing , Cui Wenjing , Tian Yaping , Zhou Zhemin 
Published: February 2013

AbstractBackgroundAminopeptidases have great application in the food industry. Current research on the expression of aminopeptidases mainly focuses on the Escherichia coli expression system. However, the application of recombinant E. coli in the food industry is restricted due to its pathogenicity and low secretory efficiency, which should be concerned in the industrial production of aminopeptidases.ResultsThe gene of aminopeptidase from Bacillus subtilis Zj016 (BSAP) was identified. Over‐expression and secretion of BSAP were achieved in a B. subtilis expression system with the signal peptide of itself. The yield researched 52 ± 1.9 U mL−1, which was 18 times that of the wild‐type microbe. The purified enzyme was stable at pH 7.5–9.0 and below 60°C, and was inhibited by several metal ions except appropriate Co2+. BSAP was most active toward p‐nitroaniline derivatives of Leu, Arg and Lys. Homology modelling and structure analysis showed that there was a flexible protease‐associated domain in the predicted structure of BSAP.ConclusionsThe study presented a simple procedure for over‐expression and purification of BSAP. The substrate specificity and structure information were indicated based on the characterisation and homology modelling. This will be useful for further research of aminopeptidases not only from an academic standpoint but also from an applied point of view. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Trauma Associated With Civil Conflict and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Evidence From the Northern Ireland Study of Health and Stress
Authors: Bunting Brendan P. , Ferry Finola R. , Murphy Samuel D. , O'Neill Siobhan M. , Bolton David 
Published: February 2013

The authors provide epidemiological estimates of trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and associated mental disorders in Northern Ireland (NI) with a focus on the impact of civil conflict using data from the NI Study of Health and Stress (NISHS), a representative epidemiological survey of adults in NI. Overall 60.6% had a lifetime traumatic event, and 39.0% experienced a presumed conflict‐related event. Men were significantly more likely to experience any traumatic event and most conflict‐related event types (p < .05). The lifetime and 12‐month prevalence of PTSD were 8.8% and 5.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the lifetime prevalence of any mental disorder among men and women who experienced a conflict‐related trauma (46.0% and 55.9%, respectively) was significantly higher than the prevalence among men and women who did not experience this type of traumatic event (27.2% and 31.1%, respectively). Given the public health burden posed by PTSD and additional impact of conflict, specific attention must be paid to the policy, service, and clinical challenge of delivering evidence‐based treatments in the wake of a tumultuous period of conflict.
Comparison of scholarly impact among surgical specialties: An examination of 2429 academic surgeons
Authors: Svider Peter F. , Pashkova Anna A. , Choudhry Zaid , Agarwal Nitin , Kovalerchik Olga , Baredes Soly , Liu James K. , Eloy Jean Anderson 
Published: February 2013

AbstractObjectives/HypothesisThe h‐index, a bibliometric indicator that objectively characterizes the impact of an author's scholarship, is an effective tool that may be considered by academic departments for decisions related to hiring and faculty advancement. Our objective was to characterize the scholarly productivity of academic surgeons from different specialties relative to otolaryngologists.Study DesignAnalysis of a bibliometric database.MethodsThe h‐indices of 2,429 faculty members within surgical specialties at 20 randomly selected academic institutions were calculated using the Scopus database and were examined to determine relationship with academic rank and comparison among surgical subspecialties.ResultsThe h‐index statistically increased with academic rank. Mean h‐indices were as follows: assistant professor, 4.37 (range, 2.73–6.69); associate professor, 8.70 (6.53–11.02); professor, 16.44 (13.39–20.45); and chairperson, 20.79 (14.81–27.89). Mean increase between academic rank was 5.47, with the largest increase between the levels of associate professor and professor. Further examination demonstrated statistically significant increases through all academic ranks for most, but not all, individual specialties. Urologists, general surgeons, and neurosurgeons had the highest mean h‐indices.Conclusionsh‐indices among the different surgical specialties vary and are potentially impacted by the number of practitioners as well as research emphasis within a field. The mean h‐index of academic otolaryngologists falls in the lower values for academic surgeons. Because this metric varies among different fields, it is most relevant for comparison when examining values within a field. H‐indices reliably increase with increasing academic rank through professor and offer a quantifiable and objective alternative to other metrics when evaluating faculty members for academic advancement.
Hollow Multilayer Microcapsules for pH‐/Thermally Responsive Drug Delivery using Aliphatic Poly(urethane‐amine) as Smart Component
Authors: Shi Jun , Du Chao , Shi Jin , Wang Yaming , Cao Shaokui 
Published: February 2013

AbstractHollow multilayer microcapsules made of aliphatic poly(urethane‐amine) (PUA) and sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS), templated on PSS‐doped CaCO3 particles, are prepared for pH‐/thermally responsive drug delivery. The electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding under weak‐acid conditions between aliphatic PUA and PSS contribute to the formation of multilayer microcapsules. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results demonstrate an obvious variation of the hollow multilayer microcapsules in response to changes in temperature and pH value. Drug‐release behaviors using DOX as a model drug demonstrate that the drug release increases on decreasing the pH value because of the interaction weakness between aliphatic PUA and PSS in acidic conditions. Moreover, the drug release is higher at 55 °C than that at 37 °C for the sake of the shrinkage of aliphatic PUA above its lower critical solution temperature (LCST). magnified image
Nonpharmacological enhancement of cognitive function in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review
Authors: Hindle John V. , Petrelli Annette , Clare Linda , Kalbe Elke 
Published: February 2013

ABSTRACTCognitive decline and dementia are frequent in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The evidence for nonpharmacological therapies in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias has been studied systematically, but the evidence is unclear for their efficacy in cognition and dementia in PD. An international collaboration produced a comprehensive, systematic review of the effectiveness and of nonpharmacological and noninvasive therapies in cognitively intact, cognitively impaired, and PD dementia groups. The interventions included cognitive rehabilitation, physical rehabilitation, exercise, and brain stimulation techniques but excluded invasive treatments, such as surgery and deep brain stimulation. The potential biases and evidence levels for controlled trials (CTs) were analyzed based on Cochrane and National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence criteria. After exclusions, 18 studies were reviewed, including 5 studies of cognitive training, 4 of exercise and physical therapies, 4 of combined cognitive and physical interventions, and 5 of brain stimulation techniques. The methodology, study populations, interventions, outcomes, control groups, analyses, results, limitations, biases, and evidence levels of all reviewed studies were described. There were 9 CTs, including 6 randomized CTs (RCTs). Although 5 trials showed positive results, only 1 study of cognitive training achieved evidence grading of 1+ with a low risk of bias. There were no studies on PD dementia. Current research on nonpharmacological therapies for cognitive dysfunction and dementia in PD is very limited in quantity and quality. There is an urgent need for rigorous RCTs of nonpharmacological treatments for cognitive impairment and dementia in PD. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
The role of leech water sampling in choice of prophylactic antibiotics in medical leech therapy
Authors: Wilmer Amanda , Slater Karen , Yip Judy , Carr Nicholas , Grant Jennifer 
Published: February 2013

AbstractMedical leech therapy (MLT) with Hirudo medicinalis is well established as a treatment for venous congestion of tissue flaps, grafts, and replants. Unfortunately, this treatment is associated with surgical site infections with bacterial species, most commonly Aeromonas hydrophila, which is an obligate symbiot of H. medicinalis. For this reason, prophylactic antibiotics are recommended in the setting of MLT. After culturing Aeromonashydrophila resistant to ciprofloxacin from a tissue specimen from a patient with a failed replant of three digits post‐MLT, we performed environmental surveillance cultures and antibiotic susceptibility testing on water collected from leech tanks. This surveillance was performed twice weekly for 2.5 months. Fourteen surveillance cultures demonstrated 21 isolates of Aeromonas species, 71.4% of which were ciprofloxacin susceptible. All isolates were sulfamethoxazole‐trimethoprim (SXT) susceptible. The prophylactic antibiotic regimen of choice for leech therapy at our institution is SXT, with culture of tank water to refine antimicrobial choice if necessary. This study demonstrates the importance of regular surveillance to detect resistant Aeromonas species in medical leeches; however optimal practice has not been established. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Genetic predisposition to an adverse lipid profile limits the improvement in total cholesterol in response to weight loss
Authors: Walker Celia G. , Holzapfel Christina , Loos Ruth J.F. , Mander Adrian P. , Klopp Norman , Illig Thomas , Caterson Ian D. , Hauner Hans , Jebb Susan A. 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveOverweight and obesity are associated with a dyslipidaemia which can be improved by weight loss. Whether genetic predisposition to an adverse lipid profile modifies such beneficial effects of weight loss on lipid levels in overweight and obese individuals was examined.Design and methodsWhite European participants (n = 374) who completed a 12‐month weight loss trial were genotyped for 36 lipid‐associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), previously identified in genome‐wide association studies (GWAS). Genetic predisposition scores (GPSs) were calculated for four lipid traits by summing the number of risk alleles (RA) for each participant. The associations of each GPS with four lipid traits were assessed at baseline, and with lipid changes in response to weight change after 12 months.ResultsAt baseline, the trait‐specific GPSs were associated with 0.11 ± 0.04 mM higher total cholesterol/RA (P = 0.004), 0.05 ± 0.02 mM higher low density lipoprotein cholesterol/RA (P = 0.005), 0.03 ± 0.007 mM lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol/RA (P = 0.00002) and 0.04 ± 0.01 mM higher triglyceride/RA (P = 0.00002). After the intervention, weight loss was associated with improvements in all lipids (P < 0.01). GPS attenuated the weight loss‐associated reduction in TC so those with a higher GPS had less improvement (interaction = 0.01 ± 0.005 mM/GPS/kg weight loss, P = 0.003). A similar pattern was observed for LDLC (interaction = 0.004 ± 0.002 mM/GPS/kg weight loss, P = 0.07). There was no evidence of a GPS‐modifying effect for change in HDLC or TG.ConclusionGenetic predisposition is an important determinant of lipid levels and appears to limit the improvement in TC and to some extent LDLC levels, but not in other plasma lipids, in response to weight loss. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2013
G. C. Lichtenberg, der Physiker: Altes und Neues
Authors: Brix P. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDie mathematischen Zeichen + und – für die elektrische Ladung hat er (Bild 1) eingeführt [4]. Er erfand das Elektroschweißen. Von ihm stammen die Idee des Faradaykäfigs und die Grundlagen moderner Blitzschutztechnik: Wenn ich in einem Lande wohnte, wo die Gewitter so tobten, wie etwa in Carolina, so baute ich mir einen Käfig von vergoldeten Stangen über mein Haus. — Wir wissen von der Natur des Blitzes nur folgende beide Sätze mit Gewißheit: 1. Er ist etwas Elektrisches, 2. wenn er eine ununterbrochene Strecke Metall antrifft, so folgt er ihr, leitet man also diese nach der Erde, so geht er auch dahin. … Es ist schon vollkommen hinreichend, wenn nur die Schornsteine, die Firsten und alle hervorstehende Ecken der Gebäude mit zusammenhängenden Streifen von Blei oder Kupfer belegt, und [diese geerdet] werden. Die hohen und spitzen Stangen können ganz wegbleiben.
Das Modell des inflationären Universums
Authors: Börner G. , Straumann N. 
Published: February 2013

Abstract„Ich habe mit viel Interesse Deinen Vortrag gegen die Hegelei gelesen, welche bei uns Theoretikern das Don Quijotesche Element ausmacht oder soll ich sagen, den Verführer? Wo dies Übel oder Laster aber gründlich fehlt, ist der hoffnungslose Philister auf dem Plan … ”︁ (Aus einem Brief von Einstein an Born)
Bedeutung und Zukunft von Hochenergiebeschleunigern
Authors: Telegdi V. L. 
Published: February 2013

AbstractDie Zielsetzungen und gegenwärtigen Tätigkeiten von ICFA, dem International Committee for Future Accelerators, werden als Einleitung kurz erörtert. Das ursprüngliche Ziel, der Bau eines Superbeschleunigers (VBA) auf weltweiter Basis, erscheint zur Zeit etwas unrealistisch angesichts der ambitiösen, sich bis in die neunziger Jahre erstreckenden Baupläne der verschiedenen Regionen. Diese Pläne werden relativ ausführlich vorgestellt.