bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensus guidelines for implementation of quality processes to prevent invasive fungal disease and enhanced surveillance measures during hospital building works, 2014
Authors: Chang C. C. , Ananda‐Rajah M. , Belcastro A. , McMullan B. , Reid A. , Dempsey K. , Athan E. , Cheng A. C. , Slavin M. A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractHealthcare‐associated fungal outbreaks impose a substantial economic burden on the health system and typically result in high patient morbidity and mortality, particularly in the immunocompromised host. As the population at risk of invasive fungal infection continues to grow due to the increased burden of cancer and related factors, the need for hospitals to employ preventative measures has become increasingly important. These guidelines outline the standard quality processes hospitals need to accommodate into everyday practice and at times of healthcare‐associated outbreak, including the role of antifungal stewardship programmes and best practice environmental sampling. Specific recommendations are also provided to help guide the planning and implementation of quality processes and enhanced surveillance before, during and after high‐risk activities, such as hospital building works. Areas in which information is still lacking and further research is required are also highlighted.
Dyadic Sexual Communication in Pre-Menopausal Women with Self-Reported Dyspareunia and Their Partners: Associations with Sexual Function, Sexual Distress and Dyadic Adjustment
Authors: Pazmany Els , Bergeron Sophie , Verhaeghe Johan , Van Oudenhove Lukas , Enzlin Paul 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Introduction
While there is increasing interest in studying aspects of communication processes in sex research, the association between dyadic sexual communication and relationship and sexuality outcomes has not yet been examined in pre-menopausal women with dyspareunia.

Aim
To examine the associations between dyadic sexual communication and pain, sexual distress, sexual function and dyadic adjustment in women with self-reported dyspareunia and their male partners.

Methods
Pre-menopausal women (n = 38; M age = 24.92, SD = 6.12) with self-reported dyspareunia from a community sample and their partners (n = 38; M age = 26.71, SD = 6.59) completed an online survey. The Actor-Partner Interdependence Model was used in order to investigate both actor and partner effects.

Main Outcome Measures
Both members of the couple completed: (i) the Dyadic Sexual Communication Scale and (ii) the Dyadic Adjustment Scale; women also completed (iii) the Female Sexual Function Index, (iv) the Female Sexual Distress Scale, and (v) a Visual Analogue Scale on pain during intercourse; and men also completed (vi) the International Index of Erectile Functioning.

Results
Controlling for relationship duration, women's better dyadic sexual communication was significantly associated with their higher levels of sexual function (P = 0.028), lower levels of sexual distress (P = 0.003) and higher levels of dyadic adjustment (P = 0.005), but not with their pain or men's sexual function or dyadic adjustment. Controlling for relationship duration, men's better dyadic sexual communication was associated with their higher levels of dyadic adjustment (P = 0.027) but not with their sexual function, nor with women's sexual function or dyadic adjustment.

Conclusions
These findings contribute to the theoretical knowledge on interaction processes in couples with dyspareunia and suggest that it may be important to enhance open and direct communication about sexual matters in couples with dyspareunia.
Newly Diagnosed Erectile Dysfunction and Risk of Depression: A Population-Based 5-year Follow-Up Study in Taiwan
Authors: Chou Ping-Song , Chou Wei-Po , Chen Ming-Chao , Lai Chiou-Lian , Wen Yu-Ching , Yeh Kun-Chieh , Chang Wei-Pin , Chou Yii-Her 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Depression might increase the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED), and ED might further exacerbate depression. The causal relationship between these two diseases remains controversial. In addition, limited evidence is available regarding the age-dependent and time-dependent effects on the association of depression and ED.

Aim
We investigated the hypothesis that ED increases the risk of depression by using a nationwide Taiwanese population-based claims database. In addition, we assessed the age-dependent and time-dependent effects on the association of depression and ED.

Methods
A longitudinal cohort study was conducted to determine the association between patients with ED and depression development during a 5-year follow-up period, using claims data from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database.

Main Outcome Measures
The study cohort comprised patients who were diagnosed with ED during 1997 to 2005 (N = 2,527). For a comparison cohort, 5 age- and sex-matched patients for every patient in the study cohort were selected using random sampling (N = 12,635). All of the patients were followed-up for 5 years from the date of cohort entry to identify the development of depression.

Results
The main finding of this study was that patients with ED are at an increased risk of developing depression. The adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) for depression was 2.24-fold higher in the patients with ED than in the comparison cohort (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.83–2.74; P &lt; 0.001). Regarding the time-dependent effect, the incidence of depression was highest during the first year of follow-up (AHR: 3.03, 95% CI = 2.08–4.40; P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that patients with ED are at a higher longitudinal risk of developing depression in Asian men, particularly within the first year after the diagnosis of ED.
Population status and habitat occupancy of endangered river dolphins in the Karnali River system of Nepal during low water season
Authors: Paudel Shambhu , Timilsina Yajna Prasad , Lewis Jennifer , Ingersoll Tom , Jnawali Shant Raj 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGanges river dolphin abundance has undergone a predominant decline across its range since monitoring began. In Nepal, disappearance from some of the rivers it once used has already occurred. Today this species can only be found in three river systems in Nepal, the Karnali, Sapta Koshi, and Narayani, but numbers are low in these locations. To determine the abundance of dolphins remaining in the Karnali system (which includes the Karnali, Geruwa, and Mohana), and factors affecting dolphin habitat use, we conducted surveys where we recorded dolphin presence. Dolphins within this river system were sighted only in the Karnali and an abundance estimate of 5.04 ± 0.753 SE was calculated. This pattern of ranging differed from that previously reported (from previous sightings only in the Geruwa to current sightings only in the Karnali). River depth likely contributed to the presence or absence of dolphins. Shifts in available habitat between the Geruwa and Karnali have resulted from changes in the course of the main stream Karnali following construction of the Chisapani irrigation intake. Because of the low numbers of dolphins reported, there is great concern that loss of this species in Nepal is likely in the near future.
Polycomb group proteins – epigenetic repressors with emerging roles in melanocytes and melanoma
Authors: Huang Jennifer M. , Hornyak Thomas J. 
Published: December 2014

SummaryMelanocytes undergo rapid and significant changes in their gene expression programs at regular intervals during development and the hair follicle cycle. In melanoma, the gene expression pattern found in normal melanocytes is disrupted. These gene expression patterns are regulated in part by post‐translational histone modifications catalyzed by Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, which play a major role in many developmental processes and are often altered in cancer. In this review, we discuss the role of the PcG proteins in stem cell and cancer biology, in general, as well as in melanocyte development and melanomagenesis. Highlights include the discussion of newly identified treatments that target the activity of PcG proteins as well as new developments in the understanding of the role that these proteins play in melanocyte biology.
Shades of American Identity: Implicit Relations between Ethnic and National Identities
Authors: Devos Thierry , Mohamed Hafsa 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe issue of ethnic diversity and national identity in an immigrant nation such as the USA is a recurrent topic of debate. We review and integrate research examining the extent to which the American identity is implicitly granted or denied to members of different ethnic groups. Consistently, European Americans are implicitly conceived of as being more American than African, Asian, Latino, and even Native Americans. This implicit American = White effect emerges when explicit knowledge or perceptions point in the opposite direction. The propensity to deny the American identity to members of ethnic minorities is particularly pronounced when targets (individuals or groups) are construed through the lenses of ethnic identities. Implicit ethnic–national associations fluctuate as a function of perceivers' ethnic identity and political orientation, but also contextual or situational factors. The tendency to equate being American with being White accounts for the strength of national identification (among European Americans) and behavioral responses including hiring recommendations and voting intentions. The robust propensity to deny the American identity to ethnic minority groups reflects an exclusionary national identity.
Evolution and spread of glyphosate resistance in Conyza bonariensis in California and a comparison with closely related Conyza canadensis
Authors: Okada M , Hanson B D , Hembree K J , Peng Y , Shrestha A , Stewart C N , Wright S D , Jasieniuk M 
Published: December 2014

SummaryGlyphosate‐resistant weeds are an increasing problem in perennial cropping systems in the Central Valley of California, USA. To elucidate the evolutionary origins and spatial spread of resistance, we investigated the geographical distribution of glyphosate resistance and the population genetic diversity and structure of Conyza bonariensis and compared the results with previously studied C. canadensis. Thirty‐five populations from orchards and vineyards across the Central Valley were sampled. Population genetic structure was assessed using microsatellite markers. Population‐level resistance was assessed in glasshouse screening of plants grown from field‐collected seed. Bayesian clustering and analyses of multilocus genotypes indicated multiple origins of resistance, as observed in C. canadensis. Pairwise FST analysis detected spatial spread of resistance in the south of the Central Valley, also similar to C. canadensis. The results strongly indicate that the southern valley was an environment markedly more suitable than the northern valley for resistance spread and that spread in Conyza species was driven by increased uniformity of strong selection in the southern valley, due to recent regulation on herbicides other than glyphosate. Accordingly, resistant C. canadensis individuals occurred at high frequencies only in the southern valley, but interestingly resistant C. bonariensis occurred at high frequencies throughout the valley. Expression of resistance showed varying degrees of plasticity in C. bonariensis. The lower selfing rate and substantially greater genotypic diversity in C. bonariensis, relative to C. canadensis, indicate greater evolutionary potential over shorter time periods. Interspecific hybridisation was detected, but its role in resistance evolution remains unclear.
Pragmatic Approach to Estimate Corrosion Rates for Pipelines Subject to Complex Corrosion
Authors: Dann Markus R. , Huyse Luc 
Published: December 2014

Corrosion is a common degradation process for most oil and gas pipelines in operation that can lead to leak and rupture failures. To avoid failures due to corrosion, integrity management plans for pipelines require fitness-for-service (FFS) assessments and remaining life analysis of the corrosion features that are detected by in-line inspections (ILIs). The objective of the present paper is to support the deterministic integrity and remaining life assessment of pipelines by introducing a pragmatic approach for the determination of corrosion rates from two inspections. The proposed approach is primarily tailored towards upstream and subsea pipelines that are subject to very high density internal corrosion rather than transmission pipelines with low to moderate densities of external features.
ILI data may be subject to significant measurement errors and feature matching for two ILIs can become highly unreliable if high-density corrosion is present. To address these uncertainties, the backbone of the proposed approach is to focus on corrosion clusters rather than individual corrosion pits and a filtering process is utilized to identify true corrosion growth. The introduced approach is supported by theoretical knowledge and practical experience. The approach can be easily executed in spreadsheet software tools without the application of advanced statistical and probabilistic methods for the deterministic remaining life assessment in practice.
Development of TMCP Type Alloy625/X65 Clad Steel Plate for Pipe
Authors: Tachibana Shunichi , Kuronuma Yota , Yokota Tomoyuki , Mitao Shinji , Sueyoshi Hitoshi , Wada Yutaka , Yabumoto Keizou , Moriya Yutaka , Nagae Moriyasu 
Published: December 2014

Demand for CRAs (Corrosion Resistant Alloys) clad steel is getting increased for pipeline application of oil and gas industry because of economic advantage over solid CRAs. CRAs clad steel consists of a CRAs layer for corrosion resistance and a carbon steel for mechanical properties. Nickel based Alloy625 is known to be suitable for harsh environmental condition such as high temperature and high pressure H2S (hydrogen sulfide) condition.
In this paper, the corrosion resistance of Alloy625/X65 clad steel plate for pipe produced by TMCP (Thermo-Mechanical Control Process) was investigated. TTP (Time - Temperature - Precipitation) and TTS (Time - Temperature - Sensitization) diagram of Alloy625 indicated precipitation nose, e.g. M6C and M23C6 which would cause deterioration of corrosion resistance. TMCP enable Alloy625 to avoid long time exposure to the precipitation nose. In Huey test, the corrosion rate in TMCP was almost the same as that of solution treated Alloy625 and smaller than that in Q-T (Quench and Temper). In ferric chloride pitting test, no pitting was observed in Alloy625 layer of TMCP type clad steel. In addition, the corrosion test simulating service environment using autoclave apparatus was conducted under the condition of 0.39MPa H2S - 0.53MPa CO2 - Cl− solution at 200°C. Alloy625 clad steel produced by TMCP showed neither SSC (Sulfide stress corrosion cracking) nor crevice corrosion. All the mechanical properties of base carbon steel satisfied API 5L grade X65 specification by optimizing TMCP conditions. It is notable that 85% SATT of DWTT was below −10 °C. Thus, Alloy625/X65 clad steel plate for pipe produced by TMCP with both superior corrosion resistance and low temperature toughness has been developed.
Assessment of the Reliability Level Embedded in Pipeline Design Codes
Authors: Timashev Sviatoslav , Bushinskaya Anna 
Published: December 2014

Recently a long time discussion among specialists about the meaning of the probabilities of failure (POF) produced by different reliability analysis methods surfaced in pipeline journals. This paper, which was a long time in the making, is a follow-up on the discussion and analyses the actual reliability level which was empirically embedded in codes for pipeline design [B31G, B31Gmod, Shell92 and Battelle (PCORRC)] and Building Standard (BR) Main Pipelines #2.05.06-85, using a real pipeline as an example.
Assessment of the actual reliability level empirically embedded in BR is based on assessing the order of the quintiles of strength parameters (design values of tensile strength and yield strength of the pipe material) and load (internal pressure) on the pipeline.
This approach allows direct connection of the deterministic safety coefficients used in the BR with the level of reliability of the pipelines associated with these coefficients.
The actual reliability level, empirically embedded in international codes, is calculated as the probability that the limit state function (LSF) of ideal pipeline (without defects) is positive. LSF = Pf − Pop, where Pf is the failure pressure of an ideal pipe, which is estimated by any design code; Pop is the operating pressure. The failure and operating pressure are considered as random variables. The expression for this probability was obtained analytically and in closed form.
Recommendations are also presented for choosing probability distributions and statistical parameters for random variables RVs. Extensive calculations permitted revealing the reliability levels which are actually present in the analyzed international pipeline design codes. In a nutshell, the paper proves that the international codes under consideration are very reliable, as they produce very safe designs of pipelines with very low POF, and, hence, provide large safety coefficients, and that the algorithm developed in the paper permits connecting the current level of pipeline degradation (in terms of POF), with its current safety coefficient, which, in this case, is a function of time.
All calculating in the paper where performed using MathCAD. Illustrations of these calculations are also presented in the paper.
Consideration of Line-Pack Flexibility in Dynamic Steady-State Simulations for Natural Gas Transport Networks
Authors: Münch Kevin , Körner Hendrik G. E. , Moser Albert 
Published: December 2014

Natural gas transport networks have the primary function of transporting natural gas over long distances. Due to the compressibility of gas, a sufficient line pack must exist in the network to provide the contractual delivery pressures. Based on the fact that pressure levels are mostly specified as pressure bands, there is also the possibility to store gas within the network. The gas volume which can be stored and is not necessary for the transport is the line pack flexibility.
In context of the European liberalized market the network operator has the function of managing the gas transport of different actors. Because of forecast deviations, imbalances between gas feed-in and gas feed-out often occur. This is compensated by the use of balancing energy, which can be provided either from external sources or from the line-pack flexibility.
As the necessary line pack for transport varies with each transport situation, this volume must be balanced by the line-pack flexibility. Therefore, a precise knowledge of the line-pack flexibility during the network operation is very important. For this purpose computer-aided simulations are necessary.
Because the increase or decrease of the line-pack flexibility is a transient process, transient simulations should be used. However, transient simulations require a long computing time, which leads to many disadvantages during the network operation. Therefore, this paper develops a method to simulate a natural gas transport network by using fast steady-state calculations under consideration of the transient characteristics of the line-pack flexibility. For this purpose the line-pack flexibility and transient calculation models are analyzed in detail to show the problems using a steady-state approach. Afterwards a method is described to take into account the transient characteristics of the line-pack flexibility. This is verified by exemplary simulations. Finally, the main findings are summarized.
Impact of Small-Scale Reeling Simulation on Mechanical Properties on Line Pipe Steel
Authors: Meiwes Karl Christoph , Erdelen-Peppler Marion , Brauer Holger 
Published: December 2014

Reel-laying is a fast and cost effective method to install pipelines since the time consuming operations of welding and inspection are conducted onshore. During reel-laying repeated plastic strain is introduced into a pipeline which may affect strength and ductility of the line pipe material. Based on the experience, it has been shown that the small-scale reeling test procedure according to DNV-OS-F101 [1] is a good way to inspect the mechanical properties for the reel-laying process. Coupons from pipes are loaded in tension and compression tests and aged if required. Specimens for mechanical testing are machined from these coupons and tested according to the corresponding standards.
This paper demonstrates current efforts to demonstrate the usability of cold-formed HFI pipes from Salzgitter Mannesmann Line Pipe GmbH (MLP) for the reel-laying process. In a first step the results of the pre-strained materials are compared in extensive material tests with the undeformed incoming materials. The effect of thermal aging from the coating process on the reeling behavior is then examined, in relation to the background of thermal aging. In discussing the difference between compression and tension zone of the reeled pipe, the influence according to the load conditions is analyzed by the material property tests. This paper demonstrates current efforts of the availability for use of cold-formed HFI pipes for the real-laying process. In addition, the report notes the difference and the effects of the material properties to testing according to the strain-based or stress-based load conditions. In discussing the influence of the tempered conditions of the mechanical properties, therefore two different pipe conditions are investigated by the small scale-reeling (SSR) testing procedure. In summary the results of the pre-strain materials are comparable with the unformed incoming materials.
Field Testing of Pipeline Trench Backfill Properties
Authors: McAffee Rodney , Phillips Ryan , Martens Michael 
Published: December 2014

The soil response around a high temperature pipeline proposed for construction in northern Alberta was evaluated. The objective of the field testing program was to gain a better understanding of the engineering properties of the backfill material placed in the trench around a pipeline when subjected to cyclic loading. This is required for the strength and stiffness of these backfill materials in order to improve the predictions related to pipe restraint and movements of the pipe during the cyclic loading anticipated from the thermal cycles.
Specialized field tests were carried out to measure the stiffness of backfill materials within the trench and of the undisturbed native material. Tests were completed along the proposed right-of-way in the native undisturbed soils and then repeated in the “fresh” backfill materials. In addition, field tests were completed over an existing pipeline to assess the effects of “aging” on the backfill materials. Overall, the test results show a significant reduction in the strength and stiffness of the backfill materials as well as a moderate improvement as the materials age with time. However, even “aged” backfill has a much lower strength and stiffness when compared to the native undisturbed soils. The results from the field testing program were incorporated into the numerical models being used to evaluate the performance of the pipeline.