bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatigue Resistance of Y-TZP/Porcelain Crowns is Not Influenced by the Conditioning of the Intaglio Surface
Authors: Anami LC , Lima JMC , Valandro LF , Kleverlaan CJ , Feilzer AJ , Bottino MA 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARY

Objectives
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of treatments of the intaglio surface of Y-TZP frameworks and luting agents on the fatigue resistance of all-ceramic crowns.

Methods
A research design was chosen that attempted to reduce the likelihood of Hertzian cracking and to increase the probability of fracture initiation at the intaglio surface of the framework. Ninety identical preparations were machined in a dentin-like epoxy composite. Each preparation was restored with a Y-TZP framework made by a CAD/CAM system and veneered using feldspathic ceramic. Prior to cementation the intaglio surface of the ceramic was treated using one of four treatments: 1) cleaning with isopropyl alcohol; 2) application of an overglaze; 3) sandblasting with 125 μm aluminum oxide powder; and 4) sandblasting with 30 μm silica powder (CJ). One of three luting cements were used: 1) zinc phosphate; 2) glass ionomer; and 3) adhesive resin cement (PN). All three cements were tested against frameworks that were alcohol cleaned. Only the PN cements were tested against frameworks that had been sandblasted or glazed. Altogether, six groups of 15 specimens each were tested. Fatigue resistance was evaluated using stepwise loads at 1.4 Hz until failure: 5000 cycles at maximum load of 200 N, followed by 10,000 cycles at maximum loads of 800, 1000, 1200, and 1400 N. The cement thickness and failure modes were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscopy. The results were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier and Mantel-Cox log rank tests (5%), a one-way analysis of variance, Tukey multiple comparison test, and Weibull nonparametric test.

Results
The predominant failure mode was chipping of the veneer. The crowns cemented with the adhesive resin cement exhibited chipping failure at higher mean loads than did crowns cemented with cements that usually do not bond strongly with dentin. When the adhesive cement was used, glazing and sandblasting intaglio framework surface treatments exhibited lower mean loads at chipping than did crowns whose intaglio surface was only cleaned with alcohol. Weibull analysis indicated that all specimens had a high ratio of late-to-early failures.

Conclusions
The fatigue experiment produced a pattern of failures that is very similar to that observed in clinical trials of Y-TZP crowns that are veneered with feldspathic porcelain. Crowns cemented with an adhesive resin cement exhibited chipping at a significantly higher mean load than those cemented with luting cements that do not usually form strong bonds with dentin. When cemented with adhesive resin cement, glazing or sandblasting the intaglio surface of the framework significantly reduced the mean fatigue loads at which chipping of veneers occurred, as compared to crowns whose intaglio surface had only been cleaned with alcohol. For this cement glazing or sandblasting the intaglio surface of the crown is not recommended.
CAD/CAM Polymer vs Direct Composite Resin Core Buildups for Endodontically Treated Molars Without Ferrule
Authors: Güth J-F , Edelhoff D , Goldberg J , Magne P 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARY

Objectives
The aim of this study was to investigate the restoration of broken-down endodontically treated molars without ferrule effect using glass ceramic crowns on different composite resin core buildups.

Methods and Materials
Forty-five decoronated endodontically treated teeth (no ferrule) were restored with a semidirect buildup using an experimental computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) high-performance polymer (HPP group) or with light-curing composite core buildups of Tetric EvoCeram with (TECP group) or without (TEC group) a glass-fiber-reinforced post. All teeth were prepared to receive bonded glass ceramic crowns (Empress CAD luted with Variolink II) and were subjected to accelerated fatigue testing. Cyclic isometric loading was applied to the palatal cusp at an angle of 30° and a frequency of 5 Hz, beginning with a load of 200 N (×5000 cycles) and followed by stages of 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, and 1400 N at a maximum of 30,000 cycles each. Specimens were loaded until failure or to a maximum of 185,000 cycles. Groups were compared using the life-table survival analysis (log rank test at p=0.05). Average fracture loads and number of survived cycles were compared with one-way analysis of variance (Scheffé post hoc at p=0.05).

Results
None of the tested specimen withstood all 185,000 load cycles. There was a significant difference in mean fracture load, survived cycles, and survival; the HPP group (fracture load 975.27N±182.74) was significantly higher than the TEC (716.87N±133.43; p=0.001) and TECP (745.67±156.34; p=0.001) groups, and the TEC and TECP groups showed no difference (p=0.884). Specimens in the TECP group were affected by an initial failure phenomenon (wide gap at the margin between the buildup/crown assembly and the root).

Conclusions
Semidirect core buildup made from high-performance polymer enhanced the performance of all-ceramic leucite-reinforced glass ceramic crowns compared with direct light-curing composite resin buildups. The use of a fiber-reinforced post system did not influence the fatigue strength of all-ceramic crowns.
Influence of Light-curing Parameters on Biofilm Development and Flexural Strength of a Silorane-based Composite
Authors: Brambilla E , Ionescu A , Cazzaniga G , Ottobelli M 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARYObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in biological and mechanical performances of a silorane-based and a methacrylate-based composite. Another aim was to assess the influence of light-curing time and light-curing intensity on in vitro biofilm formation and flexural strength of the two tested composites.Methods: Experiment 1: 432 specimens obtained from a silorane-based composite and from a standard methacrylate-based composite were divided into six groups and light-cured for 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, or 80 seconds, using one of two light-curing intensities, 400 mW/cm2 or 800 mW/cm2. At 24 hours, a monospecific Streptococcus mutans biofilm adherent to the surfaces of the samples was obtained. Then, a colorimetric technique (MTT assay) was used to evaluate the adherent viable biomass. Two samples per group were observed using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests were used to analyze the results (p&lt;0.05). Experiment 2: 192 bar-shaped specimens were obtained and light-cured as in the previous experiment. A three-point bend test using a universal testing machine was performed to obtain flexural strength values. ANOVA and Tukey tests were used to analyze the results (p&lt;0.05).Results: In experiment 1, a highly significant difference (p&lt;0.0001) in biofilm development was shown between silorane-based and methacrylate-based composites. In fact, the silorane-based composite exhibited better biological performance. Significant differences were also found between the two light-curing intensities (p&lt;0.018) and for curing times (p&lt;0.0001): silorane-based composite light-cured for 80 seconds at 800 mW/cm2 light-curing intensity showed the lowest biofilm development. In experiment 2, a significant difference in flexural strength (p&lt;0.0318) was only found between the different composites. Nevertheless, both resin composites showed flexural strength values in accordance with International Organization for Standardization guidelines even after 10 seconds of light-curing time.Conclusions: Silorane-based composite was less prone to biofilm development compared with a methacrylate-based composite. Acceptable flexural strength values for both composites were obtained after 10 seconds of light-curing time.
Influence of Staining Solution and Bleaching on Color Stability of Resin Used for Caries Infiltration
Authors: Araújo GSA , Naufel FS , Alonso RCB , Lima DANL , Puppin-Rontani RM 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARY

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the color stability of Icon-infiltrated white spot lesions after staining and the bleaching effect on the infiltrated and stained surfaces.

Methods and Materials
Enamel-dentin specimens (N=30, 5 × 5 × 3 mm, 1-mm enamel + 2-mm dentin thickness) were prepared from bovine incisors and randomly allocated into three groups (n=10): control, demineralized, and infiltrated. Artificial enamel subsurface lesions were created using 50 mL of 0.05 M acetate buffer solution. Specimens were produced by Icon application in enamel caries-like lesions, according to the manufacturer's instruction. Baseline color readings were assessed using a spectrophotometer, and CIE L*a*b* measurements of each specimen were performed using a white background. To simulate extrinsic dietary staining, specimens were placed into a 4-mL coffee infusion, three times daily for 15 minutes, for 14 days. After the staining procedure, color measurements were performed again. Then, bleaching procedures were performed using 16% carbamide peroxide gel for four hours daily for 21 days, and a final color assessment was performed. To compare the baseline and final measurements, t-test was used (α =0.05). The statistical comparison between the groups was performed using the one-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (α =0.05).

Results
Coffee staining provided a significant reduction of L* values and an increase of a* and b* in all groups (control, decayed, and infiltrated). The bleaching procedure provided a significant increase in L* and decrease of a* and b* values in all groups. There was no significant difference in ΔE values between decayed and infiltrated groups before bleaching, and after bleaching, the infiltrated group showed the lowest ΔE values.

Conclusion
It can be concluded that enamel infiltrated with Icon presents significant alteration of color after staining when compared with sound enamel. However, if there is discoloration of the infiltrant, the bleaching treatment can be used successfully.
Strengthening of Porcelain Provided by Resin Cements and Flowable Composites
Authors: Spazzin AO , Guarda GB , Oliveira-Ogliari A , Leal FB , Correr-Sobrinho L , Moraes RR 
Published: August 2015

SUMMARY
This study evaluated the effect of mechanical properties of resin-based luting agents on the strength of resin-coated porcelain. The luting agents tested were two flowable resin composites (Filtek Z350 Flow and Tetric-N Flow), a light-cured resin cement (Variolink Veneer [VV]), and a dual-cured resin cement (Variolink II) in either light-cured (base paste) or dual-cured (base + catalyst pastes [VD]) mode. Flexural strength (σf) and modulus of elasticity (Ef) of the luting agents were measured in three-point bending mode (n=5). Porcelain discs (Vita VM7) were tested either untreated (control) or acid etched, silanized, and coated with the luting agents. Biaxial flexural strength (σbf) of the porcelain discs was tested using a ball-on-ring setup (n=30). The σbf of the resin-coated specimens was calculated at z-axial positions for multilayer specimens in the ball-on-ring test: position z = 0 (ceramic surface at the bonded interface) and position z = −t2 (luting agent surface above ring). The σf and Ef data were subjected to analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls test (α=0.05). A Weibull analysis was performed for σbf data. Weibull modulus (m) and characteristic strength (σ0) were calculated. Linear regression analyses investigated the relationship between mechanical properties of the luting agents and the strengthening of porcelain. VD had higher and VV had lower mechanical strength than the other materials. At z = 0, all resin-coated groups had higher σbf than the control group. No significant differences between the luting agents were observed for σbf and σ0. At z = −t2, VD had the highest σbf and σ0, whereas VV had the poorest results. No significant differences in m were observed across groups. A linear increase in flexural strength of the porcelain was associated with increased σf and Ef of the luting agents at position z = −t2. In conclusion, resin coating and use of luting agents with better physical properties generally improved the mechanical performance of porcelain.
The stance of stalking: a corpus-based analysis of grammatical markers of stance in threatening communications
Authors: Gales Tammy 
Published: August 2015

Threats made by stalkers have tremendous negative effects on the more than one million victims who receive them every year – from experiencing ‘psychological terrorism’ to undergoing physical harm ( Burgess and Marchetti, 2009 ). However, stalking, a criminal offence within the law, is ill-defined and difficult to prosecute, since the victim of stalking must demonstrate the stalker's intent to intimidate or cause ‘substantial emotional distress’ ( Black et al., 1990 : 717).Linguistically, such indicators of emotion and intent are manifested by markers of ‘stance’, a speaker/writer's culturally organised feelings, judgments or assessments about a recipient or proposition ( Biber et al., 1999 ). Through a corpus analysis of 397 authentic threats, I examine variation in the manifestation and function of overt grammatical markers of stance (adverbials, modals, and that- and to-complement clauses) between threats to stalk, harass and defame. Specifically, certainty verbs + that-complement clause constructions and prediction modals occurred at a significantly higher rate (p<0.001) in stalking threats – those in which the victims reported feeling intense fear or distress. In addition, strong co-occurrence patterns were found between these stance markers and pronouns. And, when using a qualitative social constructionist approach to examine distinctions in stance meaning and reveal underlying functional patterns, ( Precht, 2003 : 255), three distinctive functional patterns were revealed with the trigrams ‘I will be’, ‘I will have’ and ‘you know that’, wherein the stalking threatener is in complete volitional control of his or her own actions, demonstrates possession over the victim or an object related to the threat, and accuses the victim of a behaviour thought to be wrong, respectively.Therefore, while it has been demonstrated that there is not a one-to-one correspondence between linguistic markers and threateners' actions ( Gales, 2010 ; and Lord et al., 2008 ), through a closer examination of overt grammatical markers of stance – in combination with social psychology theories connecting speaker role, power and fear (e.g., Burgess and Marchetti, 2009 ) – linguists can help hone an understanding of stance in stalking threats and potentially contribute to the demonstration of a victim's claim of feeling fear.
Phenobarbital and Phototherapy Combination Enhances Decline of Total Serum Bilirubin and May Decrease the Need for Blood Exchange Transfusion in Newborns with Isoimmune Hemolytic Disease
Authors: Kaabneh Mahmoud A. F. , Salama Ghassan S. A. , Shakkoury Ayoub G. A. , Al-Abdallah Ibrahim M. H. , Alshamari Afrah , Halaseh Ruba A. A. 
Published: August 2015

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phenobarbital and phototherapy combination on the total serum bilirubin of the newborn infants with isoimmune hemolytic disease (IHD) and its impact on blood exchange transfusion rates. Patients and Method This single-blinded, prospective, randomized, controlled trial was conducted between March 2013 and December 2014 at the pediatric ward of two Military Hospitals in Jordan. A total of 200 full-term neonates with IHD were divided randomly into two groups: (1) the phenobarbital plus phototherapy group ( n = 103), and (2) the phototherapy-only group ( n = 97). Infants in group 1 received an oral dose of 2.5 mg/kg phenobarbital every 12 hours for 3 days in addition to phototherapy. The total serum bilirubin was observed. Results Of the total 200 included newborn infants, 186 infants completed the study: 97 infants were included in group 1 and 89 infants in group 2. The difference between the mean total serum bilirubin levels at 24, 48, and 72 hours after starting the trial was clinically and statistically significant at P < 0.05. The differences between the two groups were also statistically significant at P < 0.05. Of the total 186 who completed the study, only 22 underwent blood exchange transfusion [7 from group 1, and 15 from group 2 ( P = 0.0478)]. Conclusion In a limited-resources setting, phenobarbital in combination with phototherapy may be helpful to newborn infants with IHD, as it results in a faster decline in total serum bilirubin, thus decreasing the need for blood exchange transfusion than phototherapy alone.
Por uma antropologia do sujeito: da Pessoa aos modos de subjetivação
Authors: Maluf Sônia Weidner 
Published: August 2015

Este artigo expõe uma reflexão em torno da centralidade do sujeito para uma abordagem antropológica do contemporâneo. Para além do sujeito social como objeto da pesquisa antropológica, a discussão feita aqui sugere que este seja tomado também em sua dimensão conceitual e analítica, como categoria analítica e como paradigma central para uma abordagem antropológica do contemporâneo. Meu argumento em favor de uma antropologia do sujeito de desenrola a partir de: 1º ) mobilizar criticamente os paradigmas clássicos da antropologia (fazendo um pouco o esforço de uma “leitura à contrapelo” dos autores clássicos; 2º ) colocar em diálogo as diversas subáreas de nossa disciplina (o que nos obriga a repensar chamado “grande divisor”, que no caso da antropologia brasileira incide centralmente, mas não só, na relação entre antropologia das chamadas sociedades complexas e etnologia indígena; 3) estabelecer conexões com as contribuições de outros campos do conhecimento que têm pensado, de forma mais central, o sujeito, assumindo sua impureza epistemológica (talvez a parte mais difícil, já que significa romper essa relativa imunização da antropologia de possíveis contaminações de outros campos do conhecimento que poderiam ameaçar a nossa communitas; e 4º) pensar tópicos para uma antropologia do sujeto e suas implicações metodológicas.
Development of a Single Ion Pair HPLC Method for Analysis of Terbinafine, Ofloxacin, Ornidazole, Clobetasol, and Two Preservatives in a Cream Formulation: Application to In Vitro Drug Release in Topical Simulated Media-Phosphate Buffer Through Rat Skin
Authors: Dewani Anil P , Bakal Ravindra L , Kokate Pranjali G , Chandewar Anil V , Patra Srdhanjali 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Present work reports an HPLC method with UV detection for quantification of terbinafine, ofloxacin, ornidazole, and clobetasol in a cream formulation along with two preservatives methyl and propyl paraben. The chromatographic separation and quantification was achieved by an octyl bonded column and a gradient elution program involving an ion-pairing reagent, hexanesulfonic acid (0.2%, pH modified to 2.7 using orthophosphoric acid) and acetonitrile. The method was simple and devoid of buffer salts and therefore advantageous for system and column life. The three step gradient program was initiated with 30% (v/v) acetonitrile for the first 5 min and ramped linearly to 60% in the next 7 min. The mobile phase remained constant for the next 11 min and then concluded at 30% (v/v) of acetonitrile. Flow rate throughout was 0.8 mL/min, and all the signals were monitored at 243 nm. The method was applied for assay of a cream formulation and its in vitro permeation studies to determine the penetration profile of the four drugs and two preservatives. A marketed cream formulation was selected for the permeation study, which was carried out using a diffusion cell consisting of topical simulated media, phosphate buffer (pH = 6.8) solution containing 1% sodium lauryl sulfate as a receiver medium.
AOAC Official MethodSM Matrix Extension Validation Study of Assurance GDSTM for the Detection of Salmonella in Selected Spices
Authors: Feldsine Philip , Kaur Mandeep , Shah Khyati , Immerman Amy , Jucker Markus , Lienau Andrew 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Assurance GDSTM for Salmonella Tq has been validated according to the AOAC INTERNATIONAL Methods Committee Guidelines for Validation of Microbiological Methods for Food and Environmental Surfaces for the detection of selected foods and environmental surfaces (Official Method of AnalysisSM 2009.03, Performance Tested MethodSM No. 050602). The method also completed AFNOR validation (following the ISO 16140 standard) compared to the reference method EN ISO 6579. For AFNOR, GDS was given a scope covering all human food, animal feed stuff, and environmental surfaces (Certificate No. TRA02/12-01/09). Results showed that Assurance GDS for Salmonella (GDS) has high sensitivity and is equivalent to the reference culture methods for the detection of motile and non-motile Salmonella. As part of the aforementioned validations, inclusivity and exclusivity studies, stability, and ruggedness studies were also conducted. Assurance GDS has 100% inclusivity and exclusivity among the 100 Salmonella serovars and 35 non-Salmonella organisms analyzed. To add to the scope of the Assurance GDS for Salmonella method, a matrix extension study was conducted, following the AOAC guidelines, to validate the application of the method for selected spices, specifically curry powder, cumin powder, and chili powder, for the detection of Salmonella.
Application of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Investigating Antioxidant Activity of Selected Herbs
Authors: Bartoszek Mariola , Polak Justyna 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Antioxidant properties of selected herbs were investigated using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. This was possible by measuring changes in the intensity of the EPR spectrum that resulted from the interaction of the stable radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl with antioxidants found in herbal samples. Moreover, the total phenolic content (TPC) was measured using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The values of trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity were in the range of 10.95 to 505.95 μmol Trolox/1 g of dry weight of sample. TPC values were in the range of 3.38 to 63.13 mg of gallic acid/1 g of dry weight. The results showed that all of the investigated herbs exhibit antioxidant properties. A positive and significant correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content was observed. The studied herbs could be a good source of natural antioxidants.