bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural and non-neural contributions to sexual dimorphism of mid-day sleep in Drosophila: A pilot study
Authors: Khericha M. , Kolenchery J.B. , Tauber E. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMany of the characteristics associated with mammalian sleep are also observed inDrosophila, making the fruit-fly a powerful model organism for studying the genetics of this important process. Among these similarities is the presence of sexual dimorphic sleep patterns, which in flies, is manifested as increased mid-day sleep (‘siesta’) in males, compared to females. Here, we have used targeted miss-expression of the genetransformer(tra) andtra2to either feminise or masculinise specific neural and non-neural tissues in the fly. Feminization of males using three different GAL4 drivers which are expressed in the mushroom bodies induced a female-like reduced siesta, while the masculinisation of females using these drivers triggered the male-like increased siesta. We also observed a similar reversal of sex-specific sleep by miss-expressingtrain the fat body, a key tissue in energy metabolism and hormone secretion. In addition, the daily expression levels oftakeout, an important circadian clock output gene, were sexually dimorphic. Taken together, our experiments suggest that sleep-sexual dimorphism inDrosophilais driven by multiple neural and non-neural circuits, within and outside the brain.
Lean higher education: successes, challenges, and realizing potential
Authors: Balzer William K , Brodke Michelle H , Thomas Kizhakethalackal Elsy 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence from the experiences and the literature on organizational change and transformation to implement and sustain Lean higher education (LHE) initiatives designed to benefit the university, its employees, and the individuals it serves.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors present organizational development literature and examples of success and challenges to better support the effective application of LHE.

Findings
– The authors address the importance of and techniques for first, assessing and improving institutional readiness; second, enhancing leadership awareness, understanding, and support for LHE; third, strategic planning, Lean leadership, and getting help for LHE; and fourth, facilitating an institution-wide transition to LHE.

Originality/value
– A structured, step-by-step approach offers practical guidance for implementing institution-wide Lean initiatives in HE.
Waste identification and elimination in HEIs: the role of Lean thinking
Authors: Douglas Jacqueline , Antony Jiju , Douglas Alexander 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to translate the eight wastes of Lean for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), identify some examples of each waste and to propose appropriate Lean solutions to those wastes.

Design/methodology/approach
– To identify wastes within HEIs a combination of observation and cause-and-effect analysis utilising brainstorming were employed using a convenience sample of HE academic staff.

Findings
– Once all eight wastes were successfully translated for HEIs a range of examples were identified in both academic and support services, including excessive movement of people, over production of materials, excessive inventory and waste of human resources. Appropriate Lean solutions to the identified wastes include the use of 5S, point-of-use-storage, process mapping/value stream mapping and level scheduling.

Research limitations/implications
– The cited examples come from a limited number of observations in only a few HEIs. More valid and reliable data would come from a more extensive sample of HEIs.

Practical implications
– In order to improve bottom-line performance in times of constrained resources HEIs can reduce waste and hence costs of poor quality by using Lean thinking and accessing, what Joseph Juran (1962) called, “The gold in the mine”. This can be done without reducing the level of services.

Social implications
– Particularly in a recession, HEIs need to show that they are using government funding (public money) in the most efficient and effective way possible. Lean thinking can help achieve both these objectives.

Originality/value
– Previous papers on Lean thinking applied to HEIs have concentrated on individual processes such as curriculum design or student assessment. This paper takes a holistic view demonstrating how Lean thinking theories can be practically applied across both academic and administrative areas of HEI operations.
The laffer curve and the debt-growth link in low-income Sub-Saharan African economies
Authors: Megersa Kelbesa Abdisa 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The study of the link between debt and growth has been full of debates, both in theory and empirics. However, there is a growing consensus that the relationship is sensitive to the level of debt. The purpose of this paper is to address the question of non-linearity in the long-term relationship between public debt and economic growth. Specifically, the author set out to test if there exists an established “laffer curve” type relationship, where debt contributes to economic growth up to a certain point (maximal threshold) and then starts to have a negative effect on growth afterwards.

Design/methodology/approach
– To carry out the tests, the author has used a methodology that delivers a superior test of inverse U-shapes (Lind and Mehlum, 2010), in addition to the traditional test based on a regression with a quadratic specification.

Findings
– The results in the paper present evidence of a bell-shaped relationship between economic growth and total public debt in a panel of low-income Sub-Saharan African economies. This supports the hypothesis that debt has some positive contribution to economic growth in low-income countries, albeit up to a point.

Practical implications
– The overall result supports the claim that public debt may start to be a drag on economic growth if it goes on increasing beyond the level where it would be sustainable.

Originality/value
– This paper leads the way by implementing a robust test of non-linearity (“inverse-U” test) to the analyses the debt-growth nexus and the laffer curve in Sub-Saharan Africa.
The determinants of Vietnamese banks’ lending behavior
Authors: Sarath Delpachitra , Pham Dai Van 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to theoretically and empirically examine the lending behavior of Vietnamese banks.Design/methodology/approach– A firm-banking model was established, considering risk-taking behavior and the regulatory environment. Based on the theoretical model, a simultaneous equation system was specified that considered loan growth and deposit growth as endogenous variables to empirically investigate lending behavior in Vietnam’s banking sector. Two-stage least square estimators were employed using a micro-level panel data set comprising 39 Vietnamese commercial banks.Findings– The empirical results demonstrate the divergence in the lending behavior of private and state-owned banks. The regressions results support the predictions of the theoretical model on the positive effect of economic growth and the negative effect of the government bond rate on bank lending. The results also suggest that deposit growth and liquidity constraint significantly influence loan supply in private banks, while equity growth is the determinant of lending behavior in state-owned banks. Nevertheless, the banks’ non-performing loan rate, which proxies for the expected default probability of loans, is found to not significantly affect loan supply.Research limitations/implications– Despite the efforts to capture the idiosyncratic characteristics of the Vietnamese banking system, this study does not fully take into account distinctive nature of the Vietnamese banking system.Practical implications– The paper suggests implications for the government monetary policy.Originality/value– The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, it introduces a firm-banking theoretical model that allows banks offering different lending rates and modeled under different aspects of modern banking such as risk-taking behavior and regulatory environment. Second, it is a very first study empirically investigating the lending behavior of Vietnamese banks.
Home storage significantly impairs Bifidobacteria survival in powered formula for infants and young children in the Chinese market
Authors: Liu Yang , Yu Yi , Duan Wenfeng , Qu Qinfeng , Zhang Qingping , Zhao Min , Zhu Qiyun 
Published: September 2015

The active numbers of probiotics in 20 powdered formula products for infants and young children in China were assessed, 18 of which met the international and national standards. The survival rate of Bifidobacteria under various storage conditions after the product is opened was measured. Storage at 37 °C resulted in a significantly higher decay rate than at 4 °C and 25 °C for 14 and 28 days. Results suggest that the probiotic survival rate in powdered formula is negatively correlated with temperature and storage time, whereas the brand and model of the formula have little impact.
Randomised control trial of humidified high flow nasal cannulae versus standard oxygen in the emergency department
Authors: Bell Nerida , Hutchinson Claire L , Green Timothy C , Rogan Eileen , Bein Kendall J , Dinh Michael M 
Published: September 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of the study was to determine if oxygen delivered through humidified high flow nasal cannulae (HHFNC) reduced the need for escalation in ventilation management and work of breathing in the ED patients presenting with acute undifferentiated shortness of breath compared with standard oxygen therapy.MethodsThis was an unblinded randomised control trial conducted at two hospital EDs in Sydney, Australia. Eligible patients presenting with shortness of breath were randomised to HHFNC or standard oxygen therapy. Primary outcomes were the need to escalate ventilation therapy or a reduction in respiratory rate of 20% or more within 2 h of commencement.ResultsOne hundred patients were enrolled in the trial. The intervention group receiving HHFNC was associated with a higher proportion of patients with a reduced respiratory rate at 2 h (66.7% vs 38.5%, P = 0.005) and a lower proportion of patients requiring escalation in ventilation therapy (4.2% vs 19%, P = 0.02) compared with standard oxygen therapy.ConclusionsThe use of high flow nasal cannula oxygenation was associated with improved respiratory state in selected patients presenting to the ED with acute undifferentiated shortness of breath.
Effect of nickel titanium file design on the root surface strain and apical microcracks
Authors: Jamleh Ahmed , Adorno Carlos G. , Ebihara Arata , Suda Hideaki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of nickel titanium file design on the root surface strain generated and apical microcracks caused during canal shaping. Thirty‐three mandibular incisors were distributed into LightSpeed X, FlexMaster and a control group. A strain gauge was fixed apically on the proximal root surface to determine the maximum strain during canal shaping. Except for the control group, all root canals were enlarged to size 50. Images were taken after removing the apical 1 and 2 mm of the root end. Mean maximum strain values and presence of microcracks were statistically compared using the t‐test and chi‐square test, respectively. During canal shaping, the strain increased cumulatively with mean maximum strains of 808.2 ± 228.8 and 525.1 ± 168.9 microstrain in LightSpeed X and FlexMaster, respectively (P = 0.004). Both systems caused comparable microcracks. Although LightSpeed X produced higher maximum strain, no difference in microcrack development was found between both systems.
Shaping ability of ProTaper NEXT, ProTaper Universal and iRace files in simulated S‐shaped canals
Authors: Hiran‐us Sirawut , Pimkhaokham Somsinee , Sawasdichai Jirapat , Ebihara Arata , Suda Hideaki 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the shaping ability of three nickel‐titanium endodontic file systems by comparing three parameters: canal deviation, apical foramen position and instrumentation time. A glide path was established in 30 simulated S‐shaped canal blocks that were randomly assigned into three groups (n = 10): ProTaper Universal, ProTaper NEXT and iRace. Each group was instrumented per its manufacturer's directions. Pre‐ and postoperative images were superimposed to determine any canal deviation or change in apical foramen position. The instrumentation times were recorded. The iRace system resulted in the least mean canal deviation. The apical foramen position was least shifted by the iRace system. The iRace system also required the least instrumentation time. The iRace system demonstrated the most favourable shaping ability in all three parameters.
The effect of chloroform, orange oil and eucalyptol on root canal transportation in endodontic retreatment
Authors: Karataş Ertuğrul , Kol Elif , Bayrakdar İbrahim Şevki , Arslan Hakan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of solvents on root canal transportation in endodontic retreatment. Sixty extracted human permanent mandibular first molars with curved root canals were selected. All of the root canals were prepared using Twisted File Adaptive instruments (SybronEndo, Orange, CA, USA) and filled with gutta‐percha and AH Plus sealer (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) using the cold lateral compaction technique. The teeth were assigned to four retreatment groups as follows (n = 15): eucalyptol, chloroform, orange oil and control. The canals were scanned using cone‐beam computed tomography scanning before and after instrumentation. The chloroform group showed a significantly higher mean transportation value than the orange oil and control groups at the 3 and 5 mm levels (P = 0.011 and P = 0.003, respectively). There was no significant difference among the orange oil, eucalyptol and control groups in terms of canal transportation (P > 0.61). The chloroform led to more canal transportation than the eucalyptol and orange oil during endodontic retreatment.
Evaluation of fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with composite resin along with fibre insertion in different positions in vitro
Authors: Rahman Hena , Singh Shailja , Chandra Anil , Chandra Ramesh , Tripathi Supratim 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThis study was carried out to compare the different techniques of placement of polyethylene fibre (Ribbond) on reinforcement of endodontically treated teeth with MOD cavities in vitro. Forty extracted human premolars were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 10). Teeth in Groups I–IV received root canal treatment and a MOD cavity preparation, with gingival cavosurface margin 1.5 mm in coronal to cementoenamel junction. Group I served as no fibre group, Group II as occlusal fibre group, Group III as base fibre group and Group IV as dual‐fibre group (occlusal and base both). Subsequent to restoring with composite resin and thermocycling, a vertical compressive force was applied at a cross‐head speed of 0.5 mm min−1 using universal testing machine until fracture. Data were analysed using one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests. Fracture resistance was significantly highest in dual‐fibre group (P < 0.001) as compared with other groups. The highest favourable fracture rate was observed in the base fibre group (70%). This study concluded that the use of polyethylene fibre inserted over or under the restoration significantly increased the fracture strength of the root canal‐treated teeth and maximum fracture resistance was observed when cavity was restored using dual‐fibre technique.
The effects of environmental enrichment and transport stress on the weights of lymphoid organs, cell‐mediated immune response, heterophil functions and antibody production in laying hens
Authors: Matur Erdal , Akyazi İbrahim , Eraslan Evren , Ergul Ekiz Elif , Eseceli Hüseyin , Keten Mehmet , Metiner Kemal , Aktaran Bala Deniz 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe effects of environmental enrichment and transport stress on the immune system were investigated in laying hens. A total of 48 1‐day‐old chickens were used, half of the chickens were reared in conventional cages (RCC) and the rest in enriched cages (REC). Transport stress was applied in the 17th week. Liver weight decreased, spleen and bursa of Fabricius weights, white blood cell count, CD4+ and CD8+ cell proportions increased due to the transport. Environmental enrichment significantly increased antibody production and tended to increase monocyte percentage and CD8+ cell proportion. The effect of transport on, heterophil (H) and lymphocyte (L) percentages was not significant in RCC chickens. While heterophil percentage and H:L ratio increased, lymphocyte percentage decreased in REC chickens subjected to transport. Transport stress increased heterophil functions both in REC and RCC chickens, but the increase was higher in REC hens than in RCC hens. In conclusion, although environmental enrichment did not neutralize the effect of transport on lymphoid organs, it activated the non‐specific immune system, cellular and the humoral branches of the specific immune system by increasing heterophil functions, CD8+ cells and antibody production, respectively. Therefore, environmental enrichment suggested for improving animal welfare may also be beneficial to improve the immune system of birds exposed to stress.
Effects of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance, intestinal morphology, non‐specific immunity and mRNA expression in weanling piglets
Authors: Long Yanrong , Lin Sen , Zhu Jiatao , Pang Xiaoxue , Fang Zhengfeng , Lin Yan , Che Lianqiang , Xu Shengyu , Li Jian , Huang Yiming , Su Xiang , Wu De 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary lysozyme levels on growth performance, gut health and non‐specific immunity of weanling piglets. A total of 150 weanling piglets were allocated to six treatments. The piglets were fed the same basel diet supplemented with 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics for 28 days. From day 14 to day 28 of dietary treatment, piglets fed 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. During the whole experimental period, piglets fed 120 mg/kg lysozyme tended to have greater average daily gain than piglets fed control diet. Compared with piglets fed control diet, piglets fed diets containing antibiotics and 90 mg/kg lysozyme had greater villus height to crypt depth ratio in duodenum and jejunum. Additionally, dietary supplementation of 60 and 90 mg/kg lysozyme as well as antibiotics enhanced the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in piglets. In conclusion, dietary lysozyme can accelerate the growth of weanling piglets by improving gut health and non‐specific immunity and supplementing 90 mg/kg lysozyme is as effective as antibiotics (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin) in improving the growth performance of weanling piglets.
The impact of HLA class I and EBV latency-II antigen-specific CD8+ T cells on the pathogenesis of EBV+ Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Jones K , Wockner L , Brennan R M , Keane C , Chattopadhyay P K , Roederer M , Price D A , Cole D K , Hassan B , Beck K , Gottlieb D , Ritchie D S , Seymour J F , Vari F , Crooks P , Burrows S R , Gandhi M K 
Published: September 2015

SummaryIn 40% of cases of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) latency-II antigens [EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1)/latent membrane protein (LMP)1/LMP2A] are present (EBV+cHL) in the malignant cells and antigen presentation is intact. Previous studies have shown consistently that HLA-A*02 is protective in EBV+cHL, yet its role in disease pathogenesis is unknown. To explore the basis for this observation, gene expression was assessed in 33 cHL nodes. Interestingly, CD8 and LMP2A expression were correlated strongly and, for a given LMP2A level, CD8 was elevated markedly in HLA-A*02– versus HLA-A*02+ EBV+cHL patients, suggesting that LMP2A-specific CD8+ T cell anti-tumoral immunity may be relatively ineffective in HLA-A*02– EBV+cHL. To ascertain the impact of HLA class I on EBV latency antigen-specific immunodominance, we used a stepwise functional T cell approach. In newly diagnosed EBV+cHL, the magnitude of ex-vivo LMP1/2A-specific CD8+ T cell responses was elevated in HLA-A*02+ patients. Furthermore, in a controlled in-vitro assay, LMP2A-specific CD8+ T cells from healthy HLA-A*02 heterozygotes expanded to a greater extent with HLA-A*02-restricted compared to non-HLA-A*02-restricted cell lines. In an extensive analysis of HLA class I-restricted immunity, immunodominant EBNA3A/3B/3C-specific CD8+ T cell responses were stimulated by numerous HLA class I molecules, whereas the subdominant LMP1/2A-specific responses were confined largely to HLA-A*02. Our results demonstrate that HLA-A*02 mediates a modest, but none the less stronger, EBV-specific CD8+ T cell response than non-HLA-A*02 alleles, an effect confined to EBV latency-II antigens. Thus, the protective effect of HLA-A*02 against EBV+cHL is not a surrogate association, but reflects the impact of HLA class I on EBV latency-II antigen-specific CD8+ T cell hierarchies.
High incidence of metachronous advanced adenoma and cancer after endoscopic resection of colon polyps ≥20 mm in size
Authors: Yoshida Naohisa , Naito Yuji , Siah Kewin Tien Ho , Murakami Takaaki , Ogiso Kiyoshi , Hirose Ryohei , Inada Yutaka , Inoue Ken , Konishi Hideyuki , Kugai Munehiro , Morimoto Yasutaka , Hasegawa Daisuke , Kanemasa Kazuyuki , Wakabayashi Naoki , Yagi Nobuaki , Yanagisawa Akio , Itoh Yoshito 
Published: September 2015

Background and AimThere are limited studies on incidence rates of metachronous neoplastic lesions after resecting large colorectal polyps. In the present study, we analyzed metachronous lesions after endoscopic resection of colorectal polyps ≥20 mm in size.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic resection of polyps from 2006 to 2013 at two affiliated hospitals. All patients underwent at least two total colonoscopies before follow up to ensure minimal missed polyps. Only patients who had follow‐up colonoscopy annually after resection were recruited. We separated patients according to size of polyp resected; there were 239 patients in the ≥20‐mm group and 330 patients in the <20‐mm group. Clinical characteristics and cumulative rates of metachronous advanced adenoma and cancer in both groups were analyzed. Advanced adenoma was defined as a neoplastic lesion ≥10 mm in size and adenoma with a villous component.ResultsCumulative rate of development of metachronous advanced adenoma and cancer in the ≥20‐mm group was significantly higher than in the <20‐mm group (22.9% vs 9.5%, P < 0.001) at 36 months. There was also more development of small polyps 5–9 mm in the ≥20‐mm group than in the <20‐mm group (45.2% vs 28.8%, P < 0.001). With respect to metachronous lesions, there were more right‐sided colonic lesions in the ≥20‐mm group than in the <20‐mm group (78.8% vs 50.0%, P = 0.015).ConclusionHigh incidence rates of development of metachronous neoplastic lesions were detected after resection of colorectal polyps ≥20 mm in size.