bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding a Middle Ground
Authors: Rippin Allyn S. , Zimring Craig , Samuels Owen , Denham Megan E. 
Published: July 2015

Objective: This comparative study of two adult neuro critical care units examined the impact of patient- and family-centered design on nurse–family interactions in a unit designed to increase family involvement. Background: A growing evidence base suggests that the built environment can facilitate the delivery of patient- and family-centered care (PFCC). However, few studies examine how the PFCC model impacts the delivery of care, specifically the role of design in nurse–family interactions in the adult intensive care unit (ICU) from the perspective of the bedside nurse. Methods: Two neuro ICUs with the same patient population and staff, but with different layouts, were compared. Structured observations were conducted to assess changes in the frequency, location, and content of interactions between the two units. Discussions with staff provided additional insights into nurse attitudes, perceptions, and experiences caring for families. Results: Nurses reported challenges balancing the needs of many stakeholders in a complex clinical environment, regardless of unit layout. However, differences in communication patterns between the clinician- and family-centered units were observed. More interactions were observed in nurse workstations in the PFCC unit, with most initiated by family. While the new unit was seen as more conducive to the delivery of PFCC, some nurses reported a loss of workspace control. Conclusions: Patient- and family-centered design created new spatial and temporal opportunities for nurse–family interactions in the adult ICU, thus supporting PFCC goals. However, greater exposure to unplanned family encounters may increase nurse stress without adequate spatial and organizational support.
Alternative signaling network activation through different insulin receptor family members caused by pro-mitogenic antidiabetic insulin analogues in human mammary epithelial cells
Authors: ter Braak Bas , Wink Steven , Koedoot Esmee , Pont Chantal , Siezen Christine , van der Laan Jan Willem , van de Water Bob 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Insulin analogues are designed to have improved pharmacokinetic parameters compared to regular human insulin. This provides a sustained control of blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. All novel insulin analogues are tested for their mitogenic side effects, however these assays do not take into account the molecular mode of action of different insulin analogues. Insulin analogues can bind the insulin receptor and the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor with different affinities and consequently will activate different downstream signaling pathways.

Methods
Here we used a panel of MCF7 human breast cancer cell lines that selectively express either one of the isoforms of the INSR or the IGF1R. We applied a transcriptomics approach to assess the differential transcriptional programs activated in these cells by either insulin, IGF1 or X10 treatment.

Results
Based on the differentially expressed genes between insulin versus IGF1 and X10 treatment, we retrieved a mitogenic classifier gene set. Validation by RT-qPCR confirmed the robustness of this gene set. The translational potential of these mitogenic classifier genes was examined in primary human mammary cells and in mammary gland tissue of mice in an in vivo model. The predictive power of the classifier genes was evaluated by testing all commercial insulin analogues in the in vitro model and defined X10 and glargine as the most potent mitogenic insulin analogues.

Conclusions
We propose that these mitogenic classifier genes can be used to test the mitogenic potential of novel insulin analogues as well as other alternative molecules with an anticipated affinity for the IGF1R.
Association of HLA-DRB1 amino acid residues with giant cell arteritis: genetic association study, meta-analysis and geo-epidemiological investigation
Authors: Mackie Sarah Louise , Taylor John C. , Haroon-Rashid Lubna , Martin Stephen , Dasgupta Bhaskar , Gough Andrew , Green Michael , Hordon Lesley , Jarrett Stephen , Pease Colin T. , Barrett Jennifer H. , Watts Richard , Morgan Ann W. ,   UK GCA Consortium,   UKRAG Consortium
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an autoimmune disease commonest in Northern Europe and Scandinavia. Previous studies report various associations with HLA-DRB1*04 and HLA-DRB1*01; HLA-DRB1 alleles show a gradient in population prevalence within Europe. Our aims were (1) to determine which amino acid residues within HLA-DRB1 best explained HLA-DRB1 allele susceptibility and protective effects in GCA, seen in UK data combined in meta-analysis with previously published data, and (2) to determine whether the incidence of GCA in different countries is associated with the population prevalence of the HLA-DRB1 alleles that we identified in our meta-analysis.

Methods
GCA patients from the UK GCA Consortium were genotyped by using single-strand oligonucleotide polymerization, allele-specific polymerase chain reaction, and direct sequencing. Meta-analysis was used to compare and combine our results with published data, and public databases were used to identify amino acid residues that may explain observed susceptibility/protective effects. Finally, we determined the relationship of HLA-DRB1*04 population carrier frequency and latitude to GCA incidence reported in different countries.

Results
In our UK data (225 cases and 1378 controls), HLA-DRB1*04 carriage was associated with GCA susceptibility (odds ratio (OR) = 2.69, P = 1.5×10−11), but HLA-DRB1*01 was protective (adjusted OR = 0.55, P = 0.0046). In meta-analysis combined with 14 published studies (an additional 691 cases and 4038 controls), protective effects were seen from HLA-DR2, which comprises HLA-DRB1*15 and HLA-DRB1*16 (OR = 0.65, P = 8.2×10−6) and possibly from HLA-DRB1*01 (OR = 0.73, P = 0.037). GCA incidence (n = 17 countries) was associated with population HLA-DRB1*04 allele frequency (P = 0.008; adjusted R2 = 0.51 on univariable analysis, adjusted R2 = 0.62 after also including latitude); latitude also made an independent contribution.

Conclusions
We confirm that HLA-DRB1*04 is a GCA susceptibility allele. The susceptibility data are best explained by amino acid risk residues V, H, and H at positions 11, 13, and 33, contrary to previous suggestions of amino acids in the second hypervariable region. Worldwide, GCA incidence was independently associated both with population frequency of HLA-DRB1*04 and with latitude itself. We conclude that variation in population HLA-DRB1*04 frequency may partly explain variations in GCA incidence and that HLA-DRB1*04 may warrant investigation as a potential prognostic or predictive biomarker.
Molecular characterization of systemic sclerosis esophageal pathology identifies inflammatory and proliferative signatures
Authors: Taroni Jaclyn N. , Martyanov Viktor , Huang Chiang-Ching , Mahoney J. Matthew , Hirano Ikuo , Shetuni Brandon , Yang Guang-Yu , Brenner Darren , Jung Barbara , Wood Tammara A. , Bhattacharyya Swati , Almagor Orit , Lee Jungwha , Sirajuddin Arlene , Varga John , Chang Rowland W. , Whitfield Michael L. , Hinchcliff Monique 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Introduction
Esophageal involvement in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) is common, but tissue-specific pathological mechanisms are poorly understood. There are no animal scleroderma esophagus models and esophageal smooth muscle cells dedifferentiate in culture prohibiting in vitro studies. Esophageal fibrosis is thought to disrupt smooth muscle function and lead to esophageal dilatation, but autopsy studies demonstrate esophageal smooth muscle atrophy and the absence of fibrosis in the majority of SSc cases. Herein, we perform a detailed characterization of SSc esophageal histopathology and molecular signatures at the level of gene expression.

Methods
Esophageal biopsies were prospectively obtained during esophagogastroduodenoscopy in 16 consecutive SSc patients and 7 subjects without SSc. Upper and lower esophageal biopsies were evaluated for histopathology and gene expression.

Results
Individual patient’s upper and lower esophageal biopsies showed nearly identical patterns of gene expression. Similar to skin, inflammatory and proliferative gene expression signatures were identified suggesting that molecular subsets are a universal feature of SSc end-target organ pathology. The inflammatory signature was present in biopsies without high numbers of infiltrating lymphocytes. Molecular classification of esophageal biopsies was independent of SSc skin subtype, serum autoantibodies and esophagitis.

Conclusions
Proliferative and inflammatory molecular gene expression subsets in tissues from patients with SSc may be a conserved, reproducible component of SSc pathogenesis. The inflammatory signature is observed in biopsies that lack large inflammatory infiltrates suggesting that immune activation is a major driver of SSc esophageal pathogenesis.
Removal of inorganic mercury from aquatic environments by multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Yaghmaeian Kamyar , Khosravi Mashizi Reza , Nasseri Simin , Mahvi Amir Hossein , Alimohammadi Mahmood , Nazmara Shahrokh 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background
Mercury is considered as a toxic heavy metal in aquatic environments due to accumulation in bodies of living organisms. Exposure to mercury may lead to different toxic effects in humans including damages to kidneys and nervous system.

Materials and methods
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were selected as sorbent to remove mercury from aqueous solution using batch technique. ICP instrument was used to determine the amount of mercury in solution. Moreover, pH, contact time and initial concentration of mercury were studied to determine the influence of these parameters on the adsorption conditions.

Results
Results indicate that the adsorption strongly depended on pH and the best pH for adsorption is about 7. The rate of adsorption process initially was rapid but it was gradually reduced with increasing of contact time and reached the equilibrium after 120 min. In addition, more than 85 % of initial concentration of 0.1 mg/l was removed at 0.5 g/l concentration of sorbent and contact time of 120 min. Meanwhile, the adsorption process followed the pseudo second-order model and the adsorption isotherms could be described by both the Freundlich and the Langmuir models.

Conclusion
This study showed that MWCNTs can effectively remove inorganic mercury from aqueous solutions as adsorbent.
Notch 1 and Notch 2 synergistically regulate the differentiation and function of invariant NKT cells
Authors: Oh Sae Jin , Ahn Sehee , Jin Young-Hee , Ishifune Chieko , Kim Ji Hyung , Yasutomo Koji , Chung Doo Hyun 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells are a distinct subset of T cells that exert Janus-like functions. Moreover, Notch signaling is known to have critical roles in the development and functions of T cells. However, it is not known whether Notch signaling contributes to the development or functions of invariant natural killer T cells. Here, we found that CD4-specific gene ablation of Notch 1 and Notch 2 (N1N2−/−) increased the number of invariant natural killer T cells in the thymus but decreased them in the liver. N1N2−/− mice showed impaired thymic maturation of invariant natural killer T cells from the NK1.1−CD44+ to the NK1.1+CD44+ stage, resulting in accumulation of NK1.1−CD44+ invariant natural killer T cells in the thymus. Upon activation, hepatic invariant natural killer T cells from N1N2−/− mice produced lower cytokine levels and increased apoptosis versus wild-type invariant natural killer T cells. Furthermore, Notch 1/Notch 2-deficient, but not wild type, invariant natural killer T cells failed to promote antibody-induced arthritis in CD1d−/− mice. Unlike N1N2−/− mice, RBP-jlox/lox CD4-Cre mice showed similar percentages and numbers of thymic invariant natural killer T cells to wild-type mice but had defects in their homeostasis, maturation, and cytokine production in the liver. Taken together, our data indicate distinct effects of Notch signaling on invariant natural killer T cells in the thymus and liver, which are at least partly independent of RBP-j in the thymus.
Elicitation – a tool to improve secondary metabolites production in Melissa Officinalis L. Suspension cultures / Elicitácia ako nástroj na zlepšenie produkcie sekundárnych metabolitov v suspenzných kultúrach Melissa Officinalis L.
Authors: Urdová J. , Rexová M. , Mučaji P. , Balažová A. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Our recent study is focussed on the investigation of the influence of biotic (Botrytis cinerea, methyl jasmonate) and abiotic (cadmium and cobalt chloride) elicitors on Melissa officinalis L. (lemon balm) suspension cultures production properties. The plant material was treated with different concentrations of methyl jasmonate (10 and 100 μmol.l−1), with a phytopathogenic fungus hydrolyzate (Botrytis cinerea, 1 and 2 ml with glucose equivalent 24 μg.ml−1), cadmium and cobalt (II) chloride (both at concentrations 100 μmol.l−1 and 1 μmol.l−1). Elicited suspension cultures were harvested after 24, 48 and 72 h of elicitor treatment. The elicitation effect was evaluated based on hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives content expressed as rosmarinic acid in dose- and time-dependent manners. The Botrytis cinerea hydrolyzate exhibited the best effect on Melissa officinalis L. suspension cultures production properties among biotic elicitors (glucose equivalent 24 mg.ml−1, 1 ml, after 72 h of treatment). The hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives content increased in triplicate compared to non-elicited samples. Methyl jasmonate affected the suspension cultures production properties moderately at concentration 10 μmol.l−1. Chlorides salts of cobalt and cadmium stimulated phenolic compounds production effectively at concentrations 100 μmol.l−1. The presence of cobalt and cadmium ions in suspension cultures growth media increased the hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives content twofold and quadruple, respectively.
Development of Personal Protection Equipment for Medical Staff: Case of Dental Surgeon
Authors: Tran Thi Anh Dao , Arnold Matthieu , Schacher Laurence , Adolphe Dominique. C. , Reys Guillaume 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
During daily oral health care, dental surgeons are in contact with numerous potentially infectious germs from patients’ saliva and blood. Appropriate personal protection equipment should be chosen to mitigate these risks, but the garment must also be comfortable and not hamper activities. This paper presents our research work on optimised working clothing for dentists and discusses some important points in the functional design. Following a consumer study on how users wear the garment and what are their expectations, three main functions were investigated: protection, ergonomics and thermal comfort. Aesthetic appearance was also taken into consideration as it is necessary that the wearer should feel appropriately and attractively dressed in the context of health care.
Concerning protection, spray tests in real conditions helped us to localise the potential contamination areas on the garment and led us to select a three-layered material that is protective and breathable enough. However, this part of the garments made from these fabrics exhibited low thermal comfort and the wearer felt some discomfort. In terms of ergonomics, instrumented garments were worn and pressure measurements were taken. The results highlight that a special shape and raglan sleeves should be selected for a better dynamic comfort. Concerning thermal comfort, an infrared camera was used to detect warm zones of the garment where heat and moisture transfers should be enhanced. Breathable, stretchable and shape-retaining knitted fabric that is usually used for sportswear was selected. These fabrics were strategically placed as low and high vents to promote a chimney effect, which minimises retention of heat and humidity inside the garment. The usual PES/cotton fabric was selected for the rest of the gown.
Based on these results, a new gown has been proposed. Through fitting tests conducted in a hospital on 25 dentists, it was revealed that the new design was highly appreciated, particularly on the ergonomic structure of the sleeves and thermal comfort of breathable zones. However, some points can be further improved, such as durability of the PES/cotton fabric, the neck length or the shape of ‘breathable zones’. The final product will be produced based on necessary improvements
Direct Extraction of Ti and Ti Alloy from Ti-Bearing Dust Slag in Molten CaCl2
Authors: Chen Chaoyi , Zhao Chong , Li Junqi , Yang Shufeng 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Using process of solid oxygen-ion conducting membrane (SOM), titanium metal and its alloy can be prepared directly from Ti-bearing dust slag by immersing it in the molten CaCl2 at 1,100℃, which has been proposed by constant voltage of 3.5 V for 2–6 h. The dust slag was ball-milled and pressed into pellets, then employed as the cathode, while the liquid copper, which was saturated with graphite powder and encased in yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) tube, acted as the anode. The effect of forming pressure and electrolytic time on products was analyzed. The results show that the content of titanium increased with electrolytic time and the characteristic morphology presents as granule. Ti–Fe alloy can be obtained from Ti–Fe residue by 6 h electrolysis. For titanium-rich residue, when the forming pressure of pellets decreased from 6 to 3 MPa, only electrolysis for more than 4 h can completely remove the oxygen, and pure titanium is obtained by 6 h electrolysis. Besides, there is an unprecedented finding that the porous cathode is conducive to the removal of impurity elements.
Influence of V–N Microalloying on the High-Temperature Mechanical Behavior and Net Crack Defect of High Strength Weathering Steel
Authors: Qing Jiasheng , Wang Lei , Dou Kun , Wang Bao , Liu Qing 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The influence of V–N microalloying on the high-temperature mechanical behavior of high strength weathering steel is discussed through thermomechanical simulation experiment. The difference of tensile strength caused by variation of [%V][%N] appears after proeutectoid phase change, and the higher level of [%V][%N] is, the stronger the tensile strength tends to be. The ductility trough apparently becomes deeper and wider with the increase of [%V][%N]. When the level of [%V][%N] reaches to 1.7 × 10−3, high strength weathering steel shows almost similar reduction of area to 0.03% Nb-containing steel in the temperature range of 800–900℃, however, the ductility trough at the low-temperature stage is wider than that of Nb-containing steel. Moreover, the net crack defect of bloom is optimized through the stable control of N content in low range under the precondition of high strength weathering steel with sufficient strength.
Salva Phaenomenis. Phenomenological Dimension of Subjectivity in the Frame of the Reductionist Paradigm of the Cognitive Sciences
Authors: Kobiela Filip 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The paper addresses the family of questions that arose from the field of interactions between phenomenology and the cognitive sciences. On the one hand, apparently partial coextensivity of research domain of phenomenology and the cognitive sciences sets the goal of their cooperation and mutual inspiration. On the other hand, there are some obstacles on the path to achieve this goal: phenomenology and the cognitive sciences have different traditions, they speak different languages, they have adopted different methodological approaches, and last but not least, their prominent exponents exhibits different styles of thinking. In order to clarify this complicated area of tensions, the paper presents the results of philosophical reflections of such topics as: 1) philosophical presuppositions and postulates of the cognitive sciences 2) abstraction of some phenomena during idealisation and the dialectical model of science's development 3) argumentation based on prediction of future development of the cognitive sciences. This finally leads to the formulation of a phenomenology-based postulate for adequate model of mind and the discussion of humanistic dimension of cognitive sciences.
Numerical Correlation and Evaluation in the Comparison of Evidentiary Materials
Authors: Lawson DD , Framan EP 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
One of the neglected areas in criminalistic laboratory techniques is the ability of the criminalist to compare and evaluate, quantitatively, sets of numerical data. At the present time, there does not exist in practice any uniformly accepted approach to determining a “figure-of-merit” (or rather a quantitative, reliable expression of the degree of match) for sets of data. The need for such a technique arose in a task designed to apply the phenomena of thermoluminescence to criminalistics [1]. This task, funded and supported by NASA, was conducted through the Civil Systems Program Office at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. In this specific application, each piece of physical evidence provided, after processing, a continuous curve. In comparing the curve of an unknown with that of an exemplar, a need was established for a quantitative expression of the extent to which the two curves matched. A well established statistical procedure was applied and was found to be fully satisfactory in resolving the problem. The same technique, without modifications was also found to be applicable to the analysis of emission spectrography data, neutron activation analysis (NAA), gradient density measurements, and any other criminalistic technique where sets of numerical data are determined. The main attribute of this developed technique is that it allows the criminalist to make judgements on the quality of the evidentiary determinations.
Gas Chromatographic Identification of Aldehydes and Ketones in Toxicological Analyses
Authors: Wells J 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
A number of methods [1–5] are available for the identification of aldehydes and ketones by gas chromatography (GC). Baker et al [1] used a column packed with Porapak Q for the direct determination of the lower alcohols, acetone and acetaldehyde, in blood; a similar method was used to identify these same components in milk [2]. The analysis of compounds containing an isolated carbonyl group, as their 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazones, has been reported [3,4] and in a recent paper the GC analysis of aldehydes and ketones as their acetals and ketals was described [5].
The Epidemiology of Autopsies in Monroe County, New York
Authors: Kunitz SJ , Edland JF 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Death certificates provide one of the most useful sources of information for epidemiologists concerned with the incidence and prevalence of a variety of diseases. As with other sources of official statistics, however, there are numerous problems of interpretation. Indeed, it has been claimed by some that official statistics tell us more about the producers of such statistics than about the reality they are presumed to describe [1]. Arrest rates, for instance, tell us at least as much about the police as about those arrested [2]. Suicide rates tell us as much about the coroner or medical examiner system as about those committing suicide [3]. Changing patterns of respiratory deaths are more revealing of changing diagnostic and coding practices than of the changing incidence of a variety of disease entities [4].
Who Are Our Assaultive Juveniles? A Study of 100 Cases
Authors: Russell DH , Harper GP 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Joe was caught in the act of armed robbery. Kevin, with friends, beat up a man and took his money. When Francis threw his teacher across the room, a knife in his pocket led to the charge of Assault with a Dangerous Weapon. John lost control and killed a peer who was “pushing him around.” Mike grabbed an old lady's handbag, she lost her balance and died as a result of her fall; he was found guilty of first degree murder. James threatened little girls that he would hurt them if they did not indulge in sex play with him.