bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of ocular vestibular‐evoked myogenic potentials in small children
Authors: Wang Shou‐Jen , Hsieh Wu‐Shiun , Young Yi‐Ho 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:This study investigated the development of otolithic–ocular reflex in small children (<3 years old) via the ocular vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) test.Study Design:Prospective study.Methods:Twenty full‐term newborns (group A), 15 children aged 1 to 3 years (group B), and 15 children aged 4 to 13 years (group C) were enrolled in this study. All children underwent auditory brainstem response testing or audiometry, and the oVEMP test.Results:All subjects had normal hearing. Typical biphasic oVEMP waveforms were not observed in the 20 newborns, but were present in six (40%) of 15 children aged 1 to 3 years and all (100%) children aged 4 to 13 years, exhibiting a significant difference. In group B, except for the nine children aged 12 to 24 months, the remaining six children, aged 25 to 47 months, had clear oVEMPs, with the mean nI latency and nI–pI amplitude resembling those in children aged 4 to 13 years, indicating that the otolithic–ocular reflex is mature in children aged >2 years.Conclusions:Despite the well‐developed caloric and cervical VEMP responses in early life, oVEMPs are not present in newborns, but are present in children aged >2 years who can walk with a gait resembling an adult. Maturation of the otolithic–ocular reflex is important to balance control, which is necessary in small children for independent gait. Laryngoscope, 2012
Acute ischemia of the parotid gland and auricle following embolization for epistaxis
Authors: Yilmaz Mehmet , Mamanov Marlen , Yener Murat , Aydin Faruk , Kizilkilic Osman , Eren Abdulkadir 
Published: September 2012

AbstractWe report a case of ischemia of the auricle and acute parotitis that developed following embolization for epistaxis. A 53‐year‐old male was previously conservatively treated for epistaxis with bilateral posterior nasal packing due to hypertension. As the bleeding, continued the patient underwent bilateral embolization of the internal maxillary arteries. The bleeding was controlled but the patient developed acute ischemia of the ipsilateral parotid gland and the auricle that regressed with medical treatment. Laryngoscope, 2012
Role of circulating MSCs in vocal fold wound healing
Authors: Ohno Satoshi , Hirano Shigeru , Kanemaru Shin‐ichi , Mizuta Masanobu , Ishikawa Seiji , Tateya Ichiro , Nakamura Tatsuo , Ito Juichi 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Vocal fold injury can cause intractable scarring resulting in dysphonia. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have great therapeutic potential in wound healing. They continuously circulate in the peripheral blood and migrate into wound sites where they induce regenerative effects. However, their roles in vocal fold wound healing are poorly understood because few MSCs exist in the peripheral blood and there is no specific marker to identify them. The present study evaluates how intravenously injected MSCs affect vocal fold wound healing using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) ‐labeled MSCs.Study Design:Prospective study using animal model.Methods:GFP‐labeled MSCs were obtained from femurs of GFP transgenic Sprague‐Dawley rats and incubated in culture. Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent intravenous injection of GFP‐labeled MSCs (1.0 × 106 cells) immediately after vocal fold injury. Histological examination was performed.Results:Injected MSCs were distributed throughout the vocal fold wound site from day 1 up to day 56. These vocal folds showed increased hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)‐positive cells within the wound and improved wound healing compared with sham‐treated folds.Conclusion:Circulating MSCs can migrate to vocal fold wound sites and upregulate the expression of HGF during wound healing; thus, they are considered to play a significant role in wound healing within the vocal folds. Laryngoscope, 2012
Quantitative airway analysis during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy for evaluation of sleep apnea
Authors: Borek Ryan C. , Thaler Erica R. , Kim Christopher , Jackson Nicholas , Mandel Jeff E. , Schwab Richard J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:To quantitatively measure changes in airway caliber at multiple anatomical levels during drug‐induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) for evaluation of sleep apnea. We hypothesize that patients undergoing DISE will show: 1) collapse at multiple upper airway regions (retropalatal, retroglossal, and retroepiglottic), with greater collapse in the retropalatal region; and 2) greater anterior‐posterior dimensional narrowing than the lateral.Study Design:Case series.Methods:Patients underwent DISE employing propofol as part of a nonrandomized prospective trial assessing candidacy for transoral robotic surgery intervention for sleep apnea. Images of the retropalatal, retroglossal, and retroepiglottic regions were captured during an initial period of light sedation and again in a period of deep sedation. Images were analyzed using software to measure the percent change in regional airway measurements as a result of DISE.Results:Thirty‐seven sleep endoscopy videos were analyzed from patients with obstructive sleep apnea (apnea‐hypopnea index: 42.9 ± 27.0 events/hour). Analyzable images were in the retropalatal (n = 24), retroglossal (n = 27), and retroepiglottic (n = 29) regions. The patients demonstrated mean reductions in airway area in the retropalatal (84.1 ± 18.7%), retroglossal (39.3 ± 37.5%), and retroepiglottic region (44.6 ± 42.8%). No statistically significant differences were found between lateral and anterior‐posterior airway dimensional changes.Conclusions:Patients undergoing DISE had significant reductions in airway area at multiple regions under deep sedation with propofol. We conclude that collapse in the retropalatal region is greater than the hypopharyngeal region. This method can be used to quantitatively measure DISE upper airway changes, which could potentially be used as a means for understanding surgical outcomes in patients with sleep apnea. Laryngoscope, 2012
Mechanical analysis of cartilage graft reinforced with PDS plate
Authors: Conderman Christian , Kinzinger Michael , Manuel Cyrus , Protsenko Dmitry , Wong Brian J.F. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:This study attempts to characterize the biomechanical properties of a PDS‐cartilage composite graft for use in septorhinoplasty.Study Design:Experimental Study.Methods:This study used a PDS analog, porcine cartilage cut to 1 × 5 × 20 mm, and a mechanical testing platform to measure flexure of a composite graft. Samples were assessed in four groups based on variations in suture pattern and orientation. The platform measured the force required to deflect the sample 2 mm in single cantilever beam geometry before and after the polymer was affixed to the specimen. Elastic Moduli were calculated before and after application of the polydioxanone polymer.Results:The average modulus of the cartilage alone was 17 ± 0.9 MPa. The modulus of the composite cartilage‐polymer graft with 2 suture fixation was 21.2 ± 1.5 MPa. The 3‐suture configuration produced an increase to 25.8 ± 2.23 MPa. The four‐suture configuration produced 23.1 ± 3.19 MPa. The five‐suture configuration produced 25.7 ± 2.6 MPa. The modulus of the analog alone was 170 ± 30 MPa. The modulus of the 0.5 mm PDS was 692 ± 37.4 MPa. The modulus of the 0.15 mm perforated PDS was 447 ± 34.8 MPa.Conclusions:The study found that suturing a polymer plate to cartilage resulted in enhanced stiffness of the composite. Under the conditions of the study, there was no significant difference in elastic moduli between suture configurations, making the two‐suture linear configuration optimal in the one‐plane cantilever deflection model. Laryngoscope, 2012
Audioprofiles and antioxidant enzyme genotypes in presbycusis
Authors: Angeli Simon I. , Bared Anthony , Ouyang Xiaomei , Du Li Lin , Yan Denise , Zhong Liu Xue 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Audiometric patterns have been shown to indirectly provide information regarding the pathophysiology of presbycusis and be useful in the phenotyping of hereditary deafness.Study Design and Methods:Hospital‐based cohort study of adults with presbycusis, comparing the association of audiometric patterns and polymorphisms of antioxidant enzymes that have been linked to presbycusis: GSTT1, GSTM1 and NAT2. All subjects underwent a clinical evaluation and completed questionnaires regarding ototoxicity and noise exposure. Pure‐tone threshold audiometry was obtained and subjects' audiograms were classified into specific patterns. DNA was extracted from blood and the polymorphisms of GSTT1, GSTM1, and the NAT2 variants (NAT2* 5A; NAT2* 6A,B) were analyzed by PCR.Results:The audiometric patterns that were more prevalent in our cohort were “High‐Frequency Steeply Sloping” or HFSS (33%), “High‐Frequency Gently Sloping” or HFGS (31%), and “Flat” (27%), with other patterns being rare. We did not find a statistical significant effect of gender, age, hearing level, and ear side on the audiometric pattern. Subjects with mutant alleles for GSTT1 were more likely to have a HFSS audiogram than subjects with the wild type genotype.Conclusions:In this cohort, there was a similar prevalence for the three audiometric configurations HFSS, HFGS, and Flat, with other configurations being rare. Subjects with mutant alleles for GSTT1 were more likely to have a HFSS audiogram than subjects with the wild type genotype, suggesting that the basal turn of the cochlea is susceptible to GSTT1 regulated oxidative stress. However, further studies of audioprofiles with larger sample sizes may be needed to establish phenotype‐genotype correlations in presbycusis. Laryngoscope, 2012
Endoscopic trans(naso)orbital management of supraorbital mucoceles with biliary T‐tube stenting
Authors: Man Li‐Xing , McLean Caitlin C. , Pierce Matthew L. , Fakhri Samer 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe objective of this article is to describe our surgical technique for accessing orbital and supraorbital ethmoid sinus mucoceles and the novel application of a biliary T‐tube to stent and redirect mucociliary flow into the frontal recess. We describe in technical terms our surgical approach and the use of an 8‐Fr pediatric biliary T‐tube as a paranasal sinus stent with demonstrative case reports. Four patients have been successfully managed employing the endoscopic trans(naso)orbital approach to access and marsupialize supraorbital and superiorly located orbital mucoceles without egress to the frontal recess. Patency of drainage was maintained by utilizing a flexible, pediatric, biliary T‐tube that is inserted via an above (trephination) and below (endoscopic) approach in three patients, and without the need for stenting in one patient (median follow‐up, 14.5 months). The presented surgical strategy is safe and effective in accessing and maintaining long‐term patency of problematic supraorbital and superiorly located intraorbital mucoceles without communication to the frontal recess. Laryngoscope, 2012
Effects of aging on thyroarytenoid muscle regeneration
Authors: Lee Kyungah , Kletzien Heidi , Connor Nadine P. , Schultz Edward , Chamberlain Connie S. , Bless Diane M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Regenerative properties of age‐associated changes in the intrinsic laryngeal muscles following injury are unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regenerative properties of the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle in an aging rat model. The hypothesis was that following myotoxic injury, old animals would exhibit a decrease in mitotic activities of muscle satellite cells when compared with younger rats, suggesting reduced regenerative potential in the aging rat TA muscle.Study Design:Animal group comparison.Methods:Regeneration responses following injury to the TA muscle were examined in 18 young adult, middle‐aged, and old Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats. TA muscle fiber cross‐sectional area (CSA), satellite cell mitosis (number/fiber), and regeneration index (CSA injured side/CSA noninjured side) were measured and compared across age groups.Results:Young adult animals had a significantly higher regeneration index than the middle‐aged and old groups. Within the lateral region of the TA muscle (LTA), the regeneration index was significantly higher in the young adult animals than in the middle‐aged and old animals. The regeneration index of the medial TA was significantly higher than the LTA across all age groups.Conclusions:The regenerative capacity of the TA muscle is impaired with increasing age. Laryngoscope, 2012
Development of Protein‐Cage‐Based Delivery Nanoplatforms by Polyvalently Displaying β‐Cyclodextrins on the Surface of Ferritins Through Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Azide/Alkyne Cycloaddition
Authors: Kwon Chanho , Kang Young Ji , Jeon Sangbin , Jung Seunho , Hong Sung You , Kang Sebyung 
Published: September 2012

AbstractProtein cages are spherical hollow macromolecules that are attractive platforms for the construction of nanoscale cargo delivery vehicles. Human heavy‐chain ferritin (HHFn) is modified genetically to control the number and position of functional groups per cage. 24 β‐CDs are conjugated precisely to the modified HHFn in specific locations through thiol‐maleimide Michael‐type addition followed by copper(I)‐catalyzed azide/alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The resulting human ferritins displaying β‐CDs (β‐CD‐C90 HHFn) can form inclusion complexes with FITC‐AD, which can slowly release the guest molecule reversibly in a buffer solution via non‐covalent β‐CD/AD interactions. β‐CD‐C90 HHFn can potentially be used as delivery vehicles for insoluble drugs. magnified image
Onium‐functionalised Polymers in the Design of Non‐leaching Antimicrobial Surfaces
Authors: Nigmatullin Rinat , Gao Fengge 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBiocides are widely explored in the design of materials and surfaces in order to address a variety of problems, such as biodeterioration, biofouling or infections. Materials with migrating biocides are under scrutiny due to potential health and environmental risks, as well as instability of the antimicrobial activity in time. This paper focuses on the onium‐functionalised polymers in the design of bioactive materials and surfaces, which are capable to kill micro‐organism or efficiently inhibit their growth on contact. The review highlights synthetic and processing routes towards the integration of onium functionalities into solid materials. The influence of materials structure on the antimicrobial activity and possible applications are discussed. magnified image
Integrated Continuous Processing and Flow Characterization of RAFT Polymerization in Tubular Flow Reactors
Authors: Hornung Christian H. , Nguyen Xuan , Dumsday Geoff , Saubern Simon 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSeveral unit operations are combined in series to form an integrated, continuous polymerization process; namely inline degassing of monomer stock solution prior to reaction, polymerization using the RAFT approach and precipitation after reaction to form a solid polymeric product. The polymerization is conducted at 70–80 °C with reaction times of 30–90 min in a stainless steel tubular flow reactor, yielding poly(acrylamide) at high conversion (typically >90%) and with a low polydispersity of 1.14–1.23. The axial dispersion occurring inside the tubular flow reactor during polymerization is characterized by reaction profiling using a series of NMR samples. The process can be scaled up to a total output of 1.36 kg of polymer per day on this laboratory‐scale reactor. magnified image
Effects of poss nanoparticles on ABS‐g‐Ma thermo oxidation resistance
Authors: Ramirez Narciso Vilà , Sanchez‐Soto Miguel 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThermo oxidative degradation at and beyond processing temperatures has been carried out on ABS copolymer grafted with Maleic Anhydride (ABS‐g‐Ma) and three nanocomposites with the above material melt‐blended with different types of POSS, being amino‐propyl isobutyl (APOSS), glycidyl (GPOSS), and trisilanol (TPOSS). The incorporation adequacy of the nanofillers into the matrix has been assessed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), whereas the quantification of the thermal degradation behavior of each sample was carried out through infrared spectrography (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) including the degradation kinetics and color spectrophotometry (Cielab). Although the results show adequate incorporation and miscibility of the nanofillers into the matrix, the GPOSS and the TPOSS nanocomposites provided no relevant improvements in thermal stability when compared with the base ABS‐g‐Ma, and the APOSS blend exhibits a very slight decay in almost all the quantitative analysis carried out in this work. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Structural and magnetic properties of Mg‐doped nano‐α‐Fe2O3 particles synthesized by surfactant mediation–precipitation technique
Authors: Mohapatra M. , Layek Samar , Anand S. , Verma H. C. , Mishra B. K. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractNanosized hematite with 1.53% Mg well dispersed in the crystal could be prepared using a wet chemical method. The chemical reaction followed by aging at 60 °C for 12 h produced Mg‐doped hematite of mean crystallite size (MCD) 78 nm as shown by X‐ray diffraction. Transmission electron microscopy measurement showed that particles are nearly spherical in shape. However, FTIR and differential thermal analysis results indicated presence of ferric hydroxide phase which was also confirmed from Mössbauer spectroscopy. The sample annealed at 400 °C did not show any extra phase other than α‐Fe2O3. Mg‐doped α‐Fe2O3 showed a weak ferromagnetism with a hysteresis loop superimposed on antiferromagnetic M–H curve. The saturation magnetization and coercivity decreased when the sample was annealed at 400 °C. The presence of ferrihydrite in α‐Fe2O3 matrix seems to provide pinning centers for domain walls, increasing the coercivity showing that this composite can also be an interesting magnetic material.Mössbauer spectrum of (a) as‐prepared and (b) annealed sample of Mg‐doped hematite recorded in transmission geometry at 300 K. Black circles are the experimental data points and solid blue line is the Lorentzian fit. magnified image
Electronic structure of the nitrogen donors in 6H SiC as studied by pulsed ENDOR and TRIPLE ENDOR spectroscopy
Authors: Savchenko Dariya V. , Kalabukhova Ekaterina N. , Pöppl Andreas , Shanina Bela D. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe nitrogen (N) donors in 6H SiC were investigated by field sweep electron spin echo (FS ESE), pulsed electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) and pulsed General TRIPLE ENDOR spectroscopy. The 29Si and 13C superhyperfine (shf) lines observed in the FS ESE and ENDOR spectra of N in n‐type 6H SiC were assigned by pulsed General TRIPLE resonance spectroscopy to the specific carbon (C) and silicon (Si) atoms located in the environment of N donors residing at two quasi‐cubic lattice sites (Nk1, Nk2) in 6H SiC. As a result, the largest value of the shf interaction was found with Si atoms for the N donors at the hexagonal (Nh) and quasi‐cubic site Nk1, while for Nk2 the largest value of the shf interaction was found with C atoms. It gives us the argument to consider that N substitute different lattice sites in 6H SiC lattice. The relative signs of the shf interaction (shfi) constants for Nk1 and Nk2 with 29Si and 13C nuclei located in the nearest‐neighbor, next nearest‐neighbor, and outer shells are found from the TRIPLE ENDOR spectra to be positive for C atoms and negative for Si atoms. From the comparison of the experimentally obtained shfi constants with the theory, the electronic spin‐density distribution over the 29Si and 13C nuclei located in the nearest neighbor shells of N donors has been obtained taking into account the Kohn–Luttinger interference effect. The position of the conduction band minimum along the ML‐line was determined to be at k0z/kmax = 0.2 ± 0.05.
Capturing the re‐entrant behavior of one‐dimensional Bose–Hubbard model
Authors: Pino M. , Prior J. , Clark S. R. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe Bose–Hubbard model (BHM) is an archetypal quantum lattice system exhibiting a quantum phase transition between its superfluid (SF) and Mott‐insulator (MI) phase. Unlike in higher dimensions the phase diagram of the BHM in one dimension possesses regions in which increasing the hopping amplitude can result in a transition from MI to SF and then back to a MI. This type of re‐entrance is well known in classical systems like liquid crystals yet its origin in quantum systems is still not well understood. Moreover, this unusual re‐entrant character of the BHM is not easily captured in approximate analytical or numerical calculations.Here we study in detail the predictions of three different and widely used approximations; a multi‐site mean‐field decoupling, a finite‐sized cluster calculation, and a real‐space renormalization group (RG) approach. It is found that mean‐field calculations do not reproduce re‐entrance while finite‐sized clusters display a precursor to re‐entrance. Here we show for the first time that RG does capture the re‐entrant feature and constitutes one of the simplest approximation able to do so. The differing abilities of these approaches reveals the importance of describing short‐ranged correlations relevant to the kinetic energy of a MI in a particle‐number symmetric way.
Carrier trapping and recombination in TlGaSe2 layered crystals
Authors: Grivickas Vytautas , Odrinski Andrei , Bikbajevas Vitalijus , Gulbinas Karolis 
Published: September 2012

AbstractIn nominally undoped layered TlGaSe2 crystals the trapping centers have been investigated by photo‐induced current transient spectroscopy (PICTS). Five acceptor and donor traps have been detected. Quite large magnitudes of capture cross‐sections for donor traps at 0.23 and 0.45 eV have been determined. The depth‐resolved free‐carrier absorption (FCA) technique has been applied for the investigation of the majority hole lifetime, τR, at 295 and 77 K. The pronounced τR reduction with increasing injection level is attributed to the trapping effect of the minority electrons which provides a way of estimating trap centers concentration. A moderate τR variation across layer planes is observed but no carrier diffusion related to the recombination on the external crystal surfaces is detected. Moreover, abnormally sharp τR drop is found for carrier concentration above 1017 cm−3. The possibility of excess hole and electron special separation due to compositional stacking faults and the successive their enhanced recombination at high excess carrier concentrations is discussed.
Top management team nationality diversity and firm performance: A multilevel study
Authors: Nielsen Bo Bernhard , Nielsen Sabina 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis research reexamines the equivocal relationship between top management team (TMT) diversity and firm performance. Combining upper echelons theory with insights from institutional theory, we establish a new, timely dimension of TMT diversity—nationality diversity—and develop an integrated multilevel framework explaining how its performance implications vary across contextual settings. We find that nationality diversity is positively related to performance; and this effect is stronger in (a) longer tenured teams, (b) highly internationalized firms, and (c) munificent environments. More generally, our research demonstrates that the consequences of TMT diversity depend on the (1) specific attributes of diversity being considered and (2) firm and industry conditions under which strategic decisions take place. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.