bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentially inappropriate prescribing among older adults with hypertension in China: prevalence and related comorbidities across different outpatient settings
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Wang Shuang , Lu Lvliang , Yang Yujie , Wang Kai , Zheng Jing , Zhou Zhijiang , Guo Pi , Cai Yunpeng , Zhang Qingying 
Published: August 2024

PurposePotentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) is commonly encountered in older adults; yet, there is limited information on the occurrence of PIP among older adults with hypertension. This study aims to determine and compare the prevalence of PIP and its association with comorbidities in older adult outpatients with hypertension across hospitals and community health centers (CHCs).MethodsThis 3-year (2015–2017) repeated cross-sectional study used electronic medical records from Shenzhen, China, involving 62 hospitals and 678 primary medical institutions. PIP was defined using the 2019 Beers Criteria. Older adults (≥65 years) with hypertension and at least one outpatient prescription were included. Modified Poisson regression analysis was used to assess the association between chronic comorbidities, healthcare settings, and PIP.ResultsThe prevalence of PIP in old adult outpatients with hypertension in 2015, 2016, and 2017 was 46.32%, 46.98%, and 46.58% in hospitals, with a sample size of 38,411, 46,235, and 50,495, respectively, and 29.14%, 26.66%, and 29.84% in CHCs, with a sample size of 26,876, 29,434, and 34,775 respectively. The top four most popular PIP in hospitals and CHCs was proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), diuretics, benzodiazepines, and non-cyclooxygenase-selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), respectively. PIP was most associated with chronic gastrointestinal disease (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.50–1.59) and mental and behavioral disorders (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.46–1.53) in hospitals and with mental and behavioral disorders (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.95–2.03) and musculoskeletal system and connective tissue disorders (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.31–1.36) in CHCs. The prevalence of PIP was significantly higher in hospital settings than in CHCs (adjusted prevalence ratio = 1.65; 95% CI = 1.63–1.66).ConclusionAmong older adult outpatients with hypertension in Shenzhen, PIP was more prevalent in hospitals than in CHCs. The comorbidities most strongly associated with PIP were chronic gastrointestinal disease and mental and behavioral disorders in hospitals and mental and behavioral disorders in CHCs. Clinical pharmacy integration needs to be considered to reduce inappropriate prescribing in this vulnerable population.
Impact of β-blockers on in-hospital mortality in patients with heart failure: a retrospective propensity-score matched analysis based on MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhang Yuzhu , Xia Jiangling , Xu Hongyu , Zhang Lu , Feng Nianhai , An Xiaona 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThis study assessed the relationship between β-blockers treatment and in-hospital mortality among individuals diagnosed with heart failure (HF).MethodsA retrospective cohort study was carried out on 9,968 HF patients sourced from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance the baseline differences. A multivariate regression analysis was utilized to evaluate the impact of β-blockers therapy on in-hospital mortality.ResultsAmong the 9,968 patients, 6,439 (64.6%) were β-blockers users. Before matching, the overall in-hospital mortality rate was 12.2% (1,217/9,968). Following PSM, a total of 3,212 patient pairs were successfully matched. The analysis revealed a correlation between β-blockers therapy and decreased in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 0.51 [0.43–0.60], P &lt; 0.001), as well as shorter Los (length of stay) hospital (β −1.43 [−1.96∼−0.09], P &lt; 0.001). Notably, long-acting β-blockers treatment was linked to a decreased risk of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 0.55 [0.46–0.65], P &lt; 0.001) and a shorter Los hospital (β −1.21 [−1.80∼−0.63], P &lt; 0.001). Conversely, the research results did not show a notable decrease in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 0.66 [0.44–1.01], P = 0.051) or Los hospital (β −1.01 [−2.2∼−0.25], P = 0.117) associated with short-acting β-blocker therapy.Discussionβ-blockers therapy in the intensive care unit demonstrates potential benefits in lowering the risk of in-hospital mortality and reducing the duration of hospitalization among patients with HF. Specifically, long-acting β-blockers exhibit a protective effect by significantly decreasing both in-hospital mortality and Los hospital. Conversely, the study did not observe a substantial impact on in-hospital mortality or Los hospital duration in this cohort of patients following the administration of short-acting β-blockers.
Effects of a maintenance period on ambulatory blood pressure and morning blood pressure surge in young normotensives post isometric training
Authors: Baross A. W. , Baxter B. A. , Wright B. H. , Kay A. D. 
Published: August 2024

Isometric resistance training (IRT) has emerged as an efficacious therapeutic intervention to reduce ambulatory blood pressure (BP), and BP diurnal variability. However, once the required decreases in BP have been achieved the efficacy of implementing a reduced maintenance dose is not understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an 8-week maintenance period (8-week) following the cessation of the prescribed 8-week IRT in young normotensives. Twenty-two recreationally active, not resistance trained, normotensive (24-h ambulatory SBP, ≥130 mmHg) young adults were randomly assigned to a training-maintenance [TG-MT; n = 13 (female = 5); age 21 ± 2 years] or a non-training control [CON; n = 9 (female = 4); age 23 ± 3 years] group. Ambulatory BP, morning BP surge (MBPS) and average real variability (ARV) were measured prior to, after 8 weeks of bilateral leg IRT (4x2-minute contractions at 20% MVC with 2-min rest periods, 3 days/week) and following an 8-week (once per week) maintenance period. On completion of the maintenance period the significant reductions seen following the IRT were maintained within the TG-MT group in 24-h ambulatory SBP (6 ± 4 mmHg, p &lt; 0.001), daytime (5 ± 5 mmHg, p = 0.002), MBPS (7 ± 10 mmHg, p = 0.019) and 24-h SBP ARV (2.03 ± 1.44 mmHg, p = 0.001), daytime SBP ARV (2.04 ± 1.78 mmHg, p = 0.003). These results show that reductions in ambulatory BP (24-h SBP and daytime SBP), in addition to BP diurnal variations (MBPS, 24-h SBP ARV and daytime SBP AVR) are maintained following an 8-week maintenance dose in young adults and add further weight to the growing body of evidence promoting IRT as an efficacious therapeutic exercise intervention to prevent or reduce BP.
Assessing performance of simplified bioassays for soil-borne pathogens in smallholder systems of western Kenya
Authors: Mutai Joyce C. , Stewart Jane E. , Medvecky Beth , Dobbs John T. , Vanek Steven J. , Ojiem John , Chege Gabriel , Fonte Steven J. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionSoil-borne pathogens cause considerable crop losses and food insecurity in smallholder systems of sub-Saharan Africa. Soil and crop testing is critical for estimating pathogen inoculum levels and potential for disease development, understanding pathogen interactions with soil nutrient and water limitations, as well as for developing informed soil health and disease management decisions. However, formal laboratory analyses and diagnostic services for pathogens are often out of reach for smallholder farmers due to the high cost of testing and a lack of local laboratories.MethodsTo address this challenge, we assessed the performance of a suite of simplified soil bioassays to screen for plant parasitic nematodes (e.g., Meloidogyne, Pratylenchus) and other key soil-borne pathogens (Pythium and Fusarium). We sampled soils from on-farm trials in western Kenya examining the impact of distinct nutrient inputs (organic vs. synthetic) on bean production. Key soil health parameters and common soil-borne pathogens were evaluated using both simple bioassays and formal laboratory methods across eleven farms, each with three nutrient input treatments (66 samples in total).Results and DiscussionThe soil bioassays, which involved counting galls on lettuce roots and lesions on soybean were well correlated with the abundance of gall forming (Meloidogyne) and root lesion nematodes (e.g., Pratylenchus) recovered in standard laboratory-based extractions. Effectiveness of a Fusarium bioassay, involving the counting of lesions on buried bean stems, was verified via sequencing and a pathogenicity test of cultured Fusarium strains. Finally, a Pythium soil bioassay using selective media clearly distinguished pathogen infestation of soils and infected seeds. When examining management impact on nematode communities, soils amended with manure had fewer plant parasites and considerably more bacterivore and fungivore nematodes compared to soils amended with synthetic N and P. Similarly, Pythium presence was 35% lower in soils amended with manure, while the Fusarium assays indicated 23% higher Fusarium infection in plots with amended manure. Our findings suggest that relatively simple bioassays can be used to help farmers assess soil-borne pathogens in a timely manner, with minimal costs, thus enabling them to make informed decisions on soil health and pathogen management.
Genome-wide identification of the WRKY gene family in blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) and expression analysis under abiotic stress
Authors: Lei Lei , Dong Kun , Liu Siwen , Li Yadong , Xu Guohui , Sun Haiyue 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe WRKY transcription factor (TF) family is one of the largest TF families in plants and is widely involved in responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses.MethodsTo clarify the function of the WRKY family in blueberries, this study identified the WRKY genes within the blueberry genome and systematically analyzed gene characteristics, phylogenetic evolution, promoter cis-elements, expression patterns, and subcellular localization of the encoded products.ResultsIn this study, 57 VcWRKY genes were identified, and all encoding products had a complete WRKY heptapeptide structure and zinc-finger motif. The VcWRKY genes were divided into three subgroups (I-III) by phylogenetic analysis. Group II was divided into five subgroups: IIa, IIb, IIc, IId, and IIe. 57 VcWRKY genes were distributed unevenly across 32 chromosomes. The amino acids ranged from 172 to 841, and molecular weights varied from 19.75 to 92.28 kD. Intra-group syntenic analysis identified 12 pairs of duplicate segments. Furthermore, 34 cis-element recognition sites were identified in the promoter regions of VcWRKY genes, primarily comprising phytohormone-responsive and light-responsive elements. Comparative syntenic maps were generated to investigate the evolutionary relationships of VcWRKY genes, revealing the closest homology to dicotyledonous WRKY gene families. VcWRKY genes were predominantly expressed in the fruit flesh and roots of blueberries. Gene expression analysis showed that the responses of VcWRKY genes to stress treatments were more strongly in leaves than in roots. Notably, VcWRKY13 and VcWRKY25 exhibited significant upregulation under salt stress, alkali stress, and saline-alkali stress, and VcWRKY1 and VcWRKY13 showed notable induction under drought stress. Subcellular localization analysis confirmed that VcWRKY13 and VcWRKY25 function within the nucleus.ConclusionThese findings establish a foundation for further investigation into the functions and regulatory mechanisms of VcWRKY genes and provide guidance for selecting stress-tolerant genes in the development of blueberry cultivars.
Linking alcohol-involved sexual assault to negative emotional outcomes: the relative mediating roles of shame, self-compassion, fear of self-compassion, and self-blame
Authors: Stewart Sherry H. , Strickland Noelle , Noguiera-Arjona Raquel , Wekerle Christine 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionAlcohol-involved sexual assault (AISA) survivors who were drinking at the time of the assault may be at risk of internalizing victim-blaming myths and stigma. Cognitive-behavioral models posit the link between AISA and negative emotional outcomes may be explained through maladaptive appraisals and coping – i.e., characterological and behavioral self-blame, shame, low self-compassion (i.e., high self-coldness, low self-caring), and fear of self-compassion.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional design and community sample of younger adults (N = 409 Canadians, M = 28.2 years old, 51.3% women), we examined these mechanisms’ unique effects in mediating the associations between AISA and posttraumatic stress, general anxiety, and depressive symptoms, respectively.ResultsIn terms of gender differences, AISA was more common, self-coldness higher, and general anxiety symptoms more frequent in women, and fear of self-compassion was higher in men. Using structural equation modeling that controlled for gender and the overlap between outcomes, shame emerged as the strongest mediator linking AISA with all emotional outcomes. Fear of self-compassion also partially mediated the AISA-posttraumatic stress symptom association, self-coldness partially mediated the AISA-general anxiety symptom association, and characterological self-blame fully mediated the AISA-depressive symptom association.ConclusionAvoidance-based processes, ruminative−/worry-based cognitions, and negative self-evaluative cognitions may be distinctly relevant for AISA-related posttraumatic stress, general anxiety, and depressive symptoms, respectively, after accounting for the overarching mediation through shame. These internalized stigma-related mechanisms may be useful to prioritize in treatment to potentially reduce AISA-related negative emotional outcomes, particularly for AISA survivors with posttraumatic stress, general anxiety, and/or depressive symptoms.
Psychological wellbeing of Italian students and clinical assessment tools at university counseling services during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review
Authors: Celia Giovanna , Serio Gianluigi , Trotta Eugenio , Tessitore Francesca , Cozzolino Mauro 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic brought about unprecedented problems for contemporary society. Among the numerous challenges faced following the spread of the virus, the need to provide assessment tools and remote psychological assistance certainly deserves particular attention. Indeed, this profound paradigm shift in psychological assessment and care occurred during a period of fragility for people already suffering from the restrictions imposed to stem the spread of the virus. One population particularly affected by the pandemic was students, including university students. The latter faced the pandemic in a particularly critical formative period.MethodsFor these reasons, our systematic review has two main objectives: (i) identify the assessment tools and psychological dimensions most used/investigated during the pandemic in Italian university students; (ii) systematize and deepen our knowledge about the impact of the pandemic on the psychological wellbeing of Italian university students. Our search used PRISMA 2020 guidelines on Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, and EBSCOHost.ResultsThe results indicated that the psychological dimensions most investigated in university students during the pandemic were anxiety and depression. At the same time, the most used assessment instruments were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-Y) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Furthermore, it is clear from the results that the pandemic has harmed the psychological wellbeing of university students. Finally, we dedicated a section to discuss the interventions implemented by university counseling services during the pandemic.DiscussionThis review could improve the work of university counseling services in this post-pandemic period and contribute to developing specific screening and assessment programs for future emergencies.
Prevalence and predictors of persistent cognitive and psychological symptoms in non-hospitalized post-COVID-19 patients seeking care at an outpatient post-COVID-19 clinic
Authors: Claessens Gisela , Gerritzen Iris , van Osch Frits , van den Bergh Joop P. , Verberne Daan , Gach Debbie , van Balen Eric , van Heugten Caroline M. 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThere is still much uncertainty about why some people develop persistent cognitive and mental health problems after SARS-CoV-2 infection and require additional care while others do not. In this study, we investigated the cognitive and psychological outcomes of non-hospitalized post-COVID-19 patients referred to an outpatient post-COVID-19 clinic for persistent symptoms more than 3 months after infection. Additionally, we aimed to explore the influence of demographic, physical, and personal factors on these outcomes.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at an outpatient post-COVID-19 clinic located at a prominent clinical teaching hospital in the Netherlands. Participants included non-hospitalized patients referred between 2020 and 2022, more than 3 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, experiencing persistent symptoms. Main outcome measures included levels of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) (Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms Checklist 14), and cognitive symptoms (Checklist for Cognitive and Emotional Consequences). Data analysis employed Spearman correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses.ResultsA total of 265 patients (61% female; mean age of 51.7 ± 13.7 years) were included in the study, with an average of 7.6 ± 4.5 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among them, 104 patients (40%) reported high levels of anxiety, 111 patients (43%) showed high levels depressive symptoms, and 71 patients (31%) demonstrated high levels of PTSS. Additionally, 200 patients (79%) reported experiencing more than 2 cognitive symptoms. Bivariate analyses indicated associations between psychiatric history and increased cognitive and psychological symptoms. Multivariate analyses revealed positive associations between physical symptoms and cognitive and psychological symptoms, and catastrophizing thoughts were associated with higher anxiety levels (β = 0.217, p &lt; 0.001). Conversely, positive refocusing was associated with lower depressive symptoms (β = −0.325, p &lt; 0.001), PTSS (β = −0.290, p &lt; 0.001), and cognitive symptoms (β = −0.220, p &lt; 0.001).DiscussionAmong non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients seeking care for persistent symptoms, approximately one-third reported high levels of psychological symptoms, and more than three-quarter experienced cognitive symptoms. Physical symptoms, psychiatric history, and a tendency to catastrophize were identified as potential risk factors for persistent psychological and cognitive symptoms. Conversely, positive refocusing demonstrated a protective effect. These findings contribute to the understanding of long-term COVID-19 outcomes and emphasize the importance of integrating a biopsychosocial perspective into treatment approaches.
Resilience, sleep quality and sleepiness in Peruvian medical students: a multicenter study
Authors: Zila-Velasque Jean Pierre , Grados-Espinoza Pamela , Chuquineyra Brenda Sofia-Caira , Diaz-Vargas Mills , Sierra Calderón Gabriela Stefanie , Choquegonza Sthefanny , Temoche-Rivas Mario S. , Siguas Peixoto Karina , Valladares-Garrido Mario J. , Failoc-Rojas Virgilio E. 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundResilience can mitigate the negative impact produced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical students endure significant academic stress, so adjusting to sudden changes can present greater mental health challenges. The aim is to identify the level and prevalence of resilience and to know what are the educational variables and is sleep quality associated with resilience.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire. The survey was elaborated in Google Forms and shared through social networks. The outcome was resilience, measured with the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale. Its association was assessed with sleep quality (measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), daytime sleepiness (measured with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale), and selected academic/sociodemographic variables. Generalized linear models were used to identify the association between the variables.ResultsOf 1277 participants, 35.7% experienced high resilience. Poor sleep quality and sleepiness were present in 88.4% and 36.0% of students, respectively. High resilience was associated with good sleep quality (PR:1.56; 95%CI: 1.34 - 1.83; p-value&lt;0.001), absent sleepiness (PR:1.59; 95%CI: 1.32–1.91; p-value&lt;0.001), male sex (PR: 1.21; 95%CI: 1.05–1.39; p-value 0.006), working (PR:1.14), having family responsibilities (PR: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.09–1.70; p-value 0.005) and spending more than 6 hours studying (PR: 1.35; 95%CI: 1.17–1.54; p-value&lt;0.001).Conclusion4 out of 10 students presented high levels of resilience. The development of resilience depended on multiple individual and sociodemographic factors. These findings are important to support universities in developing resilience-building measures and strategies that can be implemented to mitigate the adverse pandemic event.
How traditional Chinese exercise (Daoyin) can help COVID-19 patients relieve psychological symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Duan Naifan , Chen Feng , Li Yalan , Zhou Linqiong , Zhang Xing , Xu Guihua , Zhang Wei 
Published: August 2024

ObjectiveThe mental health issues of individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are currently widespread. Traditional Chinese exercise (Daoyin) plays an important role in relieving patients’ psychological problems. This study aims to assess the efficacy of Daoyin in mitigating mental health issues among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19.MethodsPubMed, the Cochrane library, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP database, and SinoMed were searched from their inception to October 2023. Two researchers independently selected the eligible studies. The analysis and presentation of the findings were conducted using Review Manager 5.2 software. The data were analyzed using mean difference (MD), inverse variance, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsA total of 12 studies (N = 1291) were included in this study. The results showed that Daoyin can significantly reduce the scores of the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS: MD = −13.03, 95% CI −19.56 to −6.49, P&lt;.49,yca Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS: MD = −11.13, 95% CI −14.56 to −7.71, P&lt;.71,sion Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI: MD = −2.00, 95% CI −5.43 to 1.43, P = 0.25), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA: MD = −2.42, 95% CI −5.25 to 0.41, P = 0.09), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD: MD = −11.17, 95% CI −25.5 to 3.15, P = 0.13).ConclusionIn COVID-19 patients, Daoyin can alleviate feelings of anxiety and depression, as well as improve sleep quality. The use of Daoyin has no adverse effects and side effects and can reduce the cost of medication. Therefore, Daoyin can be widely promoted. Further research is warranted to analyze the effect of Daoyin on mental health.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier CRD42023391845.