bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete Spectrum of Physical Comorbidities with Autism Spectrum Disorder in a Nationwide Cohort
Authors: Steinhausen Hans-Christoph , Villumsen Martin Dalgaard , Støving René Klinkby , Bilenberg Niels 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe associations between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and physical diseases (PD) based on ICD-8 and ICD-10 diagnoses were studied, comparing with the risks of the general population. All individuals diagnosed before 30th April 2018 with ASD (n = 12,063) and a 5% random sample of the general population (n = 41,251) were drawn from Danish registers of the birth cohorts 1984–1995. For each of the entire spectrum of 13 PD categories, participants were followed from birth to first diagnosis, death, emigration, or 31st December 2017, whichever came first. Time from inclusion at birth to time of first physical diagnosis, accounting for censoring, was studied by use of time-stratified Cox models. When compared to the control sample, the individuals with ASD had a substantial added immediate risk in infancy and in childhood for 12 of the 13 categories. Particularly prominent were estimated associations for nervous system diseases at ages 0–9, and diseases of the eye and adnexa at ages 0–11. The associations were observed for both sexes, but were stronger among females than males, especially for genitourinary system diseases. On the cumulative scale, individuals with ASD were at pronounced greater risk through follow-up for 8 categories, with the greatest cumulative risk of respiratory system diseases, which at ages 5 and 30 was 24.9% and 41.5% for the ASD cohort while for the control sample it was 16.3% and 34.5% at the same ages. Especially in infancy and childhood, the present study found increased risks for a multitude of physical diseases.
Characteristics of Child Fatalities that Occur in the Context of Current or Past Intimate Partner Violence: a Scoping Review
Authors: Graham Laurie M. , Jun Hyun-Jin , Kim Jeongsuk , Power Luke , Devaney John , Frederick John , Betz Gail 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Childhood exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive problem worldwide. In addition to directly observing or indirectly experiencing IPV, children may be killed because of IPV. To date, research on child IPV-related deaths exists in various, disconnected areas of scholarship, making it difficult to understand how IPV contributes to child fatalities. As such, this scoping review located and synthesized research on child fatalities that resulted from IPV, seeking to understand the state of global research concerning the prevalence and circumstances of IPV-related child fatalities.

Methods
Using a combination of keywords and subject terms, we systematically searched PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, PubMed, and seven research repositories. We located empirical studies published in English in peer-reviewed journals that reported findings concerning children (aged 0–17) who were killed because of IPV and/or people who killed children due to IPV. Among 9,502 de-duplicated records, we identified 60 articles that met review inclusion criteria. We extracted and synthesized information concerning research methods, circumstances and consequences of the fatalities, characteristics of people who committed IPV-related homicide of a child, and characteristics of children who died because of IPV.

Results
Studies were published from 1986–2022 and analyzed data from 23 countries. Most studies did not focus exclusively on IPV-related child homicides, and overall, studies reported sparse information concerning the contexts and circumstances of such fatalities. There were two predominant and distinct groups of children killed due to IPV: children killed by a parent or other adult caregiver and adolescents killed by an intimate partner. It was often difficult to ascertain whether the demographic characteristics of individuals who kill a child in the context of IPV and other contextual details might be similar to or different from child fatalities that occur under different circumstances or for other motivations.

Conclusions
This review highlighted that children die because of IPV. Findings indicated that such fatalities, while maybe difficult to predict, are often preventable if earlier intervention is made available and professionals are alert to key circumstances in which fatality risk is high. Future research and practice efforts should attend to understanding child fatalities resulting from IPV to identify critical intervention points and strategies that will save children’s lives.
Deep Intergranular Fluoride Attack by High-Temperature Corrosion on Alloy 625 by LiF in Air at 600 °C
Authors: Nikbakht Aida , Bahramian Behnam , Geers Christine 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn most chemical and high-temperature processes, metals are exposed to temperature gradients which, in turn, affect the extent of corrosion phenomena. In this study, a long, continuous strip of alloy 625 was exposed to lithium fluoride in a temperature range of 50–600 °C, air environment. The hottest section of this strip was analyzed as a coupon and compared with two other coupons which were exposed isothermally. One of the isothermal exposures was carried out in a tube furnace, and the other one was in a vertical furnace. Oxygen had three different kinds of access to these three coupons, which, in turn, affected the corrosion process. In order to limit the access of oxygen, a long column of lithium fluoride was used in a vertical furnace. The results of the isothermal exposure showed that more access of oxygen in a horizontal tube furnace facilitated the fluoride ingress to a great extent. However, a long sample exposed to a temperature gradient suffered more corrosion attack than the isothermal coupon, under the same LiF load in the vertical furnace. This was associated with the reduction of oxygen at a larger cathode area reaching into colder regions in Inconel 625 strip. Increased oxygen reduction also increases the efficiency of an inner anode at the hottest section, causing the observed rapid intergranular fluoride uptake. The study proposes a mechanism explaining these observations.
Oxidation of Ni–30Cr Alloy at Low Temperature and Low Oxygen Partial Pressure: Experimental Methods to Improve Kinetics Constants Determination
Authors: Bosonnet S. , Huang X. , Bataillou L. , Martinelli L. , Fossati Paul C. M. , Latu-Romain Laurence , Wouters Yves , Desgranges C. , Monceau D. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractNi–30Cr model alloy was used to study chromia-scale formation behaviour. During its formation the mass variation signal is weak and it is important to take specific care to measure oxidation kinetics by thermogravimetric analysis. Symmetrical design allows the determination of very small mass changes in compensating buoyancy effects and limiting measurement drift. The mass variation measurement comprises noise coming from different sources that affects the electronic signal. It must be minimised to improve accuracy. This involves keeping the room-temperature constant, strictly balancing the beam and minimising buoyancy effects. By this way it was possible to acquire kinetics and to measured rate constants, kp, in a range from 3.10–5 to 3.10–10 mg2.cm−4.s−1 equivalent to 10–12 down to 10–17 cm2.s−1. Oxygen partial pressure ($${P}_{{O}_{2}}$$

P

O
2

) was monitor and revealed an abnormal consumption of oxygen at the beginning of the thermal exposure. Experiments with an inert material showed parasitic reactions identified by mass spectrometry as combustion of impurities. As oxygen consumption is not only due to oxidation of the sample, corrosion kinetics can’t be deduced from it. Hence, to determine whether the oxygen supply from the gas is a limiting parameter, a model, which quantifies oxygen consumption by sample oxidation within the thermobalance, is proposed.
Authoritarianism, Political Attitudes, and Vote Choice: A Longitudinal Analysis of the British Electorate
Authors: Vasilopoulos Pavlos , Robinson Justin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe nature, measurement, and correlates of the psychological trait of authoritarianism have spurred an intense and long-lasting debate in political psychology, dating back to the 1950s. This article aims at advancing extant knowledge on authoritarianism—measured here by child-rearing items—in two ways. First, by investigating the impact of authoritarianism on political attitudes and voting, net of individual heterogeneity, thus improving causal estimation. Second, by investigating the extent to which there exists reverse causality between authoritarianism and political attitudes. To do so, we employ a longitudinal analysis that covers a timespan of two years using the 2021 British Election Study Panel. The results suggest that authoritarianism in Britain is positively associated with anti-immigration attitudes, anti-EU preferences, and opposition to economic redistribution. However, when accounting for potential confounding through the inclusion of individual fixed effects, we find that authoritarianism retains its significant association with anti-immigration preferences alone. Further, lagged relations between authoritarianism and immigration preferences indicate that within-person changes in immigration attitudes precede changes in authoritarianism—not the other way around. Finally, the findings indicate that authoritarianism’s correlation with vote choice is a product of omitted variable bias rather than representing a causal relationship.
Heterocyclic-based Schiff base material designed as optochemical sensor for the sensitive detection of chlorinated solvent vapours
Authors: Halay Erkan , Capan Inci , Capan Rifat , Ay Emriye , Acikbas Yaser 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHerein, a newly synthesized intermediate, piperazine-based Schiff base (PBSB) gas sensor was fabricated by the Schiff base condensation of amino functionalized methylpiperazine with aromatic aldehyde containing nitro substituent. This organic sensor material was structurally identified with spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, HRMS, 1H- and 13C-NMR. The designed sensor candidate was explored for its optical response to chlorinated volatile organic compounds, namely trichloroethylene, dichloromethane and chloroform in the light of structure–property relationship investigation by using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. The results showed that Schiff bases could be candidates for chlorinated vapour sensing materials with their good response and reversibility. Concordantly, compound PBSB exhibited good response against chlorinated solvent vapours aided by the electron-withdrawing group on benzene ring that promoted better intermolecular interactions and opened up a new strategy to create a novel set of responsive materials for gas sensing applications. In addition, the adsorption kinetics of SPR data obtained from PBSB spun film on exposure to these chlorinated vapours at different concentrations was also evaluated using the Elovich Model. The values of the initial adsorption rate, a and Elovich constant, b were analysed depending on the concentration values and the highest values were obtained for dichloromethane between 372.92 and 4377.53 ppm/mm2.
Graphical abstract
Breach of academic values and misconduct: the case of Sci-Hub
Authors: Rossello Giulia , Martinelli Arianna 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the growing evidence of research-related misconduct by developing and testing a theoretical framework. We study the deep causes of misconduct by asking whether the perception of an erosion of the core academic values, formally an ideology-based psychological contract breach, is associated with research-related misconduct. We test our framework by examining the use of Sci-Hub and providing empirical evidence that the loss of faith in scientific research sparkles research-related misconduct against publishers. Based on a stratified sample of 2849 academics working in 30 institutions in 6 European countries, we find that ideology-based psychological contract breach explains Sci-Hub usage, also when controlling for other possible motivations. The magnitude of the effect depends on contextual and demographic characteristics. Females, foreign, and tenured scholars are less likely to download papers illegally when experiencing a contract breach of academic values. Our results suggest that policies restoring academic values might also address research-related misconduct.
Discretion and Obligation Across Volunteering and Caring: Shining Light on Non-Voluntary Carers in the Retiring Encore Segment
Authors: Rodwell John , Johnson Dianne , Thynne Lara 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis paper seeks to understand pathways into volunteering in the encore life stage and contribute to policy interventions. There is a need for more clarity regarding the delineation of formal volunteering from informal volunteering and from adult kin-caring. A sample of 4,464 respondents from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey was analysed using a set of logistic regressions, to explore three frames of volunteering —substitution (of former work time), complementary focus (gradual adjustment to less paid work or other change in personal circumstance), and obligation (compulsion to provide care or unpaid labour). Results indicate that formal volunteering was largely discretionary and a result of substitution, that informal volunteering, particularly caring for children, was complementary and partly obligatory, and the area of greatest potential policy intervention, adult kin caring was found to be largely obligatory.
High-resolution plasma metabolomics and thiamine status in critically Ill adult patients
Authors: Gundogan Kursat , Nellis Mary M. , Ozer Nurhayat T. , Ergul Serap S. , Sahin Gulsah G. , Temel Sahin , Yuksel Recep C. , Teeny Sami , Alvarez Jessica A. , Sungur Murat , Jones Dean P. , Ziegler Thomas R. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) is an essential micronutrient and is classically considered a co-factor in energy metabolism. The association between thiamine status and whole-body metabolism in critical illness has not been studied.

Objectives
To determine association between whole blood thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) concentrations and plasma metabolites and connected metabolic pathways using high resolution metabolomics (HRM) in critically ill patients.

Methods
Cross-sectional study performed at Erciyes University Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Participants were critically ill adults with an expected length of intensive care unit stay longer than 48 h and receiving chronic furosemide therapy. A total of 76 participants were included. Mean age was 69 years (range 33–92 years); 65% were female. Blood for TPP and metabolomics was obtained on the day of ICU admission. Whole blood TPP was measured by HPLC and plasma HRM was performed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Data was analyzed using regression analysis of TPP levels against all plasma metabolomic features in metabolome-wide association studies (MWAS). MWAS using the highest and lowest TPP concentration tertiles was performed as a secondary analysis.

Results
Specific metabolic pathways associated with whole blood TPP levels in regression and tertile analysis included pentose phosphate, fructose and mannose, branched chain amino acid, arginine and proline, linoleate, and butanoate pathways.

Conclusions
Plasma HRM revealed that thiamine status, determined by whole blood TPP concentrations, was significantly associated with metabolites and metabolic pathways related to metabolism of energy, carbohydrates, amino acids, lipids, and the gut microbiome in adult critically ill patients.
Impact of a short-term Mediterranean diet intervention on plasma metabolites: a pilot study
Authors: Smith E. , Ottosson F. , Ericson U. , Hellstrand S. , Rizzo M. , Sukruang K. , Pizza V. , Orho-Melander M. , Nilsson P. M. , Kennbäck C. , Fernandez C. , Antonini P. , Di Somma S. , Melander O. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Dietary habits significantly influence the risks of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Through metabolomics, we’ve previously measured plasma metabolites to gauge dietary quality, introducing a healthy dietary metabolic signature (HDMS) linked to a decreased risk of future type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease.

Objectives
To assess the impact of a 6-day dietary intervention on plasma metabolites and the HDMS.

Methods
Fifty-nine Swedish participants (71% women, mean age 69 years) underwent a 6-day Mediterranean diet (MD) intervention in Italy’s Cilento region. All meals, crafted from local recipes and ingredients, were provided. Metabolite profiling pre- and post-intervention was conducted with a UHPLC-QTOF. Alterations in metabolite levels and the HDMS were examined using paired T-test.

Results
The MD intervention notably enhanced the HDMS across participants (mean increase: 1.3 standard deviations (SD), 95% CI 1.1–1.4, p = 6E-25). Out of 109 metabolites, 66 exhibited significant alterations (fdr adjusted p < 0.05). Among the 10 most significant changes, increases were observed in several diet related metabolites such as pipecolate, hippurate, caffeine, homostachydrine, acylcarnitine C11:0, acetylornithine, beta-carotene and 7-methylguanine. The most significant decreases manifested in piperine and 3-methylhistidine.

Conclusions
The HDMS, which is linked to a healthy diet and inversely associated with cardiometabolic disease, was significantly improved by the 6-day Mediterranean diet intervention. Notably, metabolite markers previously shown to be indicative of the intake of vegetables, fruits, grains, and legumes increased, while markers previously associated with red meat consumption decreased. These findings highlight the potential of short-term dietary interventions to induce significant changes in plasma metabolite profiles.
Evaluation of hazardous element accumulation in urban soils of Cracow, Lublin and Torun (Poland): pollution and ecological risk indices
Authors: Plak Andrzej , Telecka Małgorzata , Charzyński Przemysław , Hanaka Agnieszka 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study assesses how urban soil transformation affects pollution levels and ecological risks in Cracow, Lublin, and Torun using specific geochemical indices.

Methods
The surveyed cities, namely Cracow, Lublin and Torun, are among the oldest in Poland, with origins dating back to the Middle Ages. Moreover, they did not experience significant destruction during World War II. A total of 135 sampling points were selected from three cities, and topsoil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from various areas, including industrial, residential, recreational areas, wastelands, traffic routes, allotments, cultivated fields, forests and cemeteries (45 topsoil samples in each city). The concentration of 8 elements (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn) was measured to determine pollution and ecological risk indicators, such as geoaccumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), cancer risk (CR), and ecological risk assessment (ERi).

Results
Findings reveal significant differences among the cities, with Cracow showing the highest pollution and ecological risk levels, influenced primarily by industrial activities. Igeo above 3 was found for Sb (4% of the sample population), Cr (33%), Ni (31%), Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn (11%). In the other two cities, high Igeo values occurred sporadically with most values ranging from 0 to 2. The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Sb, Cr and Ni were found to be highest in industrial areas, transportation areas and urban wastelands, and the lowest in the study plots located in forests. In Cracow, almost 58% of the surveyed areas are polluted. Almost the entire area of Torun (87%) shows high values of summed ecological risk assessment (PERk). Lublin is characterized by the lowest ecological risk, almost 32% of the surveyed areas are polluted (PERk—high and very high).

Conclusions
The application of pollution and ecological risk indicators allowed for the identification of elevated heavy metal and metalloid concentrations in the studied soils and evaluation of disease risk in people. The data were strongly correlated with the level of anthropogenic pressure, which varied depending on the different land use.
Development of Acceptable Quality Dose (AQD) and image quality-related diagnostic reference levels for common computed tomography investigations in a tertiary care public sector hospital of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Yaseen Muhammad , Nishtar Tahira , Kharita Mohammad Hassan , Khan Banaras , AlKhazzam Shady , Ali Amir , Khan Laila , Aman Nasreen , Burki Shamsullah , Noor Nosheen , Nabiullah  
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To describe the first experience of patient dose optimization in developing AQD, SSDE and image quality-related DRLs for common CT examinations in the adult age group using the concept of AQD.

Materials and methods
The recent published IQSC from 0 to 4 were used by radiologists for the assessment of image quality. The entire data were collected for five types (brain CT, chest CT, chest HRCT, abdomen KUB CT and abdomen + pelvic CT) CT investigations based on anatomic region (head, chest and abdomen + pelvic). The entire datasets of 264 patients were categorized into three groups based on their weights: group-1 (41–60 kg), group-2 (61–80 kg) and group-3 (81–100 kg). Only score-3 images were considered to assess median and 75th percentile values of CTDIvol and DLP to obtain AQDs and DRLs, respectively.

Results
Following the practical training of four radiologists on image quality scoring criteria for CT images, 264 (92%) out of 288 patient images were clinically acceptable as per IQSC for the study. The AQD (median) values in terms of CTDIvol for the mentioned weight groups were 25.8, 2.7, and 30.6 mGy, while the median DLP values for these groups were 496, 510 and 557 mGycm, respectively, for brain CT. The 75th percentile values in terms of CTDIvol were 30.2, 35.3 and 36.2 mGy, while in terms of DLP, they were 583, 619 and 781 mGycm for brain CT, respectively. Similar results are presented for the above-mentioned procedures, as well as in terms of SSDE.

Conclusion
The first ever experience in obtaining AQD, SSDE and DRLs values for specific CT procedures couples image quality with dose indices, showing comparable values with other relevant studies. Hence, it will provide a baseline for comparison within the facility for future studies and facilitate dose optimization for other facilities aiming for improvement.