bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Apolipoprotein A‐I Expression by TNF‐Alpha in HepG2 Cells: Requirement for c‐jun
Authors: Parseghian Shant , Onstead‐Haas Luisa M. , Wong Norman C.W. , Mooradian Arshag D. , Haas Michael J. 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTTumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF α) signals in part through the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase c‐jun‐N‐terminal kinase (JNK). Activation of JNK has been shown to promote insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, including reductions in plasma high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) and apolipoprotein A‐I (apo A‐I). To examine how TNF α‐mediated JNK activation inhibits hepatic apo A‐I production, the effects of c‐jun activation on apo A‐I gene expression were examined in HepG2 cells. Apo A‐I gene expression and promoter activity were measured by Northern and Western blotting and transient transfection. Transient transfection and siRNA were used to specifically over‐express or knockout c‐jun, c‐jun‐N‐terminal kinase‐1 and ‐2 (JNK1 and JNK2, respectively) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase‐4 (MKK4). TNF α‐treatment of HepG2 cells induced rapid phosphorylation of c‐jun on serine 63. In cells treated with phorbol‐12‐myristate‐13‐acetate (PMA), apo A‐I gene promoter activity was inhibited and apo A‐I mRNA content and apo A‐I protein secretion decreased. Likewise, over‐expression of JNK1 and JNK2 inhibited apo A‐I promoter activity. Over‐expression of constitutively active MKK4, an upstream protein kinase that directly activates JNK, also inhibited apo A‐I promoter activity, while over‐expression of a dominant‐negative MKK4 de‐repressed apo A‐I promoter activity in TNF α‐treated cells. Inhibition of c‐jun synthesis using siRNA but not a control siRNA prevented TNF α‐mediated inhibition of apo A‐I. These results suggest that the MKK4/JNK/c‐jun signaling pathway mediates TNF α‐dependent inhibition of apo A‐I synthesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 253–260, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent trends in (ligno)cellulose dissolution using neoteric solvents: switchable, distillable and bio‐based ionic liquids
Authors: Domínguez de María Pablo 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRecent years have witnessed the use of different ionic liquids for biomass processing, either at the level of lignocellulose pre‐treatment, to fractionate biomass in its main components, separating hemicellulose and lignin from cellulose, or directly in cellulose decrystallization by dissolving it in the ionic liquid and subsequent precipitation by adding anti‐solvents. Yet, most of the ILs employed in these strategies (e.g. imidazolium‐based solvents) are (still) expensive for such applications, and provide discussable ecological footprints. In an attempt to combine the highly useful generated knowledge with novel neoteric solvents with improved properties, economics, availability and ecology, several new trends have appeared in these areas during recent years. They comprise the use of switchable ILs, based on strong organic bases and CO2, the application of distillable ILs, as well as the use of bio‐based and low‐cost ILs and deep‐eutectic‐solvents (DES), e.g. choline chloride‐based derivatives. Apart from other emerging uses, for all these solvents some preliminary applications in biomass processing involving pretreatments, cellulose dissolution and other applications have been successfully reported. This Minireview contextualizes these recent trends and discusses them with emphasis on future use of them in biorefineries and biomass valorization. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Exceptionally active agricultural fire season in mid‐eastern China in June 2012 and its impact on the atmospheric environment
Authors: Xia Xiangao , Zong Xuemei , Sun Li 
Published: August 2013

AbstractFire activity and its environmental effects in eastern China were studied using satellite and surface observations. First, seasonal and interannual variations of fire activity were investigated based on the fire occurrence data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer measurements during July 2003 to December 2012. Second, an extraordinarily active agricultural fire season in June 2012 was revealed in mid‐eastern China (MEC, 32°N–35°N, 115°E–120°E), where fire pixel density was twice the decadal average and the smoke layer height was observed to be 4 ~ 5 km. Third, significant effects of this fire season on the atmospheric environment were characterized using a combination of ground and satellite data. Crop fires enhanced aerosol optical depth (AOD), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) amounts near the source and in downwind regions by ~15–60%. A combination of observations and model simulations is required for better understanding effects of crop fires on atmospheric environment and climate.
Implications for early hydrothermal environments on Mars through the spectral evidence for carbonation and chloritization reactions in the Nili Fossae region
Authors: Viviano Christina E. , Moersch Jeffrey E. , McSween Harry Y. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractPrevious identification of serpentine and magnesium carbonate in the eastern Nili Fossae region of Mars indicates hydrothermal alteration of an olivine‐rich protolith. Here we characterize Fe/Mg phyllosilicates associated with these units and present spectral evidence for the presence of a talc component, distinguishable from saponite. Locations with magnesium carbonate are exclusively associated with talc‐related phyllosilicates. In the westernmost portions of the Nili Fossae region, where a mafic protolith dominates, Fe/Mg phyllosilicates display spectral evidence for a wide degree of chloritization. We propose that Noachian Fe/Mg smectites were uniformly buried by Hesperian lava flows that initiated hydrothermal alteration in the eastern Nili Fossae region. The chloritization of smectites may have produced silica‐rich fluids necessary for the serpentinization of olivine; temperature and depth constraints indicated by their distribution also suggest a hydrothermal system was present. The subsequent carbonation of serpentine and/or olivine in eastern Nili Fossae, while requiring an additional CO2 source, provides an explanation for the limited occurrence of serpentine and the colocation of carbonate and talc‐bearing material throughout this area. The consequence of the hypothesized carbonation reaction and the presence of serpentine provides geochemical constraints for the proportion of CO2 present in the fluids that interacted with the protolith. If this carbonation reaction was a widespread phenomenon, it may have been an important process in the ancient Martian carbon cycle and could have provided a sink for CO2 in the past.
I Don't Need Leadership: An Exploration of the Societal Discourse of Leadership
Authors: McLaren Patricia Genoe 
Published: August 2013

AbstractEven with a myriad of definitions of leadership, we still know little about the discourse of leadership in which those of us without formal leadership education and development are embedded. Through a discourse analysis of interviews with a broad cross‐section of 12 “followers,” the current study begins exploring the idea of a societal discourse of leadership and how that discourse complements and conflicts with the academic and workplace discourses. Analysis shows that although individuals define leadership in a similar fashion to the academic discourse, they identify heroic figures as leaders, and they neither look for, nor feel they need, leadership in their own lives.
Leadership Lessons of Triangular Desire from René Girard
Authors: Harter Nathan 
Published: August 2013

AbstractRené Girard examined famous novels depicting something he called displaced desire, in which a follower emulates someone believed to be exemplary. These relationships can become problematic, twisted, and even contagious, as people affect desires only because someone else exhibits them. This often results in inauthentic choices and rivalry, which Girard diagnoses. In the last section of the paper are some implications for the practice and study of leadership.
Mythology as the Original Framework in the Development of Leadership Principles
Authors: Campbell Kenneth D. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMythology served a much greater sociological role than just the telling of story and legend. Leadership principles developed inadvertently through narrative story and the invention of the mythological tale. Story was an original methodology by which we could teach others about the essential traits and qualities leaders needed for effective leadership. Myths and legends also warned listeners to avoid the dark side of leadership. The principles of leadership were originally embedded in our sociobiological evolution through social learning theory. Thus humanity was learning about leadership at an unconscious level and transferring that knowledge through new and similar story over time. Often we look for new leadership theory and answers, and yet most of that knowledge is already present if we just listen to the mythological stories we tell.
Short‐term alteration of nitrogen supply prior to harvest affects quality in hydroponic‐cultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea)
Authors: Lin Xian Yong , Liu Xiao Xia , Zhang Ying Peng , Zhou Yuan Qing , Hu Yan , Chen Qiu Hui , Zhang Yong Song , Jin Chong Wei 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuality‐associated problems, such as excessive in planta accumulation of oxalate, often arise in soillessly cultivated spinach (Spinacia oleracea). Maintaining a higher level of ammonium (NH4+) compared to nitrate (NO3−) during the growth period can effectively decrease the oxalate content in hydroponically cultivated vegetables. However, long‐term exposure to high concentrations of NH4+ induces toxicity in plants, and thus decreases the biomass production. Short‐term application of NH4+ before harvesting in soilless cultivation may provide an alternative strategy to decrease oxalate accumulation in spinach, and minimise the yield reduction caused by NH4+ toxicity.RESULTThe plants were pre‐cultured in 8 mmol L−1 NO3− nutrient solution. Next, 6 days before harvest, the plants were transferred to a nutrient solution containing 4 mmol L−1 NO3− and 4 mmol L−1 NH4+. This new mix clearly reduced oxalate accumulation, increased levels of several antioxidant compounds, and enhanced antioxidant capacity in the edible parts of spinach plants, but it did not affect biomass production. However, when the 8 mmol L−1 NO3− was shifted to either nitrogen‐free, 4 mmol L−1 NH4+ or 8 mmol L−1 NH4+ treatments, although some of the quality indexes were improved, yields were significantly reduced.CONCLUSIONSShort‐term alteration of nitrogen supply prior to harvest significantly affects quality and biomass of spinach plants, and we strongly recommend to simultaneously use NO3− and NH4+ in hydroponic cultivation, which improves vegetable quality without decreasing biomass production. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of sensorial, phytochemical and biological properties of new isotonic beverages enriched with lemon and berries during shelf life
Authors: Gironés‐Vilaplana Amadeo , Mena Pedro , Moreno Diego A , García‐Viguera Cristina 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim of this work was to design new isotonic drinks with lemon juice and berries: maqui (Aristotelia chilensis (Molina) Stuntz), açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) and blackthorn (Prunus spinosa L.), following previous research. Quality parameters, sensorial attributes, antioxidant activities (ABTS+, DPPH• and O2•− assays) and biological capacities (α‐glucosidase and lipase inhibitory assays) were evaluated over 70 days of shelf‐life period.RESULTSMaqui isotonic blends were the most active in all antioxidant assays (8.35 and 3.07 mmol L−1 Trolox for ABTS+ and DPPH•), in the lipase inhibitory assay (43.19 U L−1), and showed the highest total phenol content by the Folin–Ciocalteu test (80.97 mg 100 mL−1 gallic acid), as a result of its higher content of total anthocyanins (42.42 mg 100 mL−1). Berry mixtures were also the most potent inhibitors of α‐glucosidase between all samples, and displayed an attractive red colour and good sensorial attributes.CONCLUSIONSAll the studied parameters remained quite stable during preservation, in general, and the new isotonic drinks can be useful to equilibrate redox balance in acute and intense exercise, and support weight loss programmes, avoiding triglyceride absorption and hyperglycaemia involved in obesity and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Further research in vivo is necessary to verify their beneficial effects for sports, nutrition and health. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Prostatic α1‐adrenoceptors: New concepts of function, regulation, and intracellular signaling
Authors: Hennenberg Martin , Stief Christian G. , Gratzke Christian 
Published: August 2013

AbstractProstatic α1‐adrenoceptors are known to be involved in the pathophysiology of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with benign prostate obstruction (BPO). It is widely accepted that enhanced α1‐adrenergic smooth muscle contraction can contribute to bladder outlet obstruction; α1‐adrenoceptor antagonists still represent a gold standard in the treatment of LUTS. Accordingly, expression and function of α1‐adrenoceptors in the prostate have attracted large attention over the last three decades. However, recent preclinical studies have challenged our understanding of prostatic α1‐adrenoceptors. In the current review article, we summarize “modern” concepts of prostatic α1‐adrenoceptors which include novel intracellular mediators of contraction as well as non‐contractile signaling and post‐translational receptor regulation. Configuration of α1‐adrenoceptors with binding partners may determine its function, leading to a dynamic receptor with high functional plasticity. Cooperative regulation of different intracellular effectors (MAPK, Akt, transcription factors) by α1‐adrenoceptors, hormones or growth factors has been suggested. The prostatic α1‐adrenoceptor is no longer being regarded as an isolated, static receptor exclusively mediating prostatic smooth muscle contraction by G proteins, but a dynamic receptor interacting with other receptors within a complex network of mediators. Neurourol. Urodynam. 33:1074–1085, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinical and immunological correlates of chest X‐ray abnormalities in HIV‐infected South African children with limited access to anti‐retroviral therapy
Authors: Pitcher Richard D. , Lombard Carl , Cotton Mark F. , Beningfield Stephen J. , Zar Heather J. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryBackgroundThe chest X‐ray (CXR) abnormalities of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected children in low/middle income countries (LMIC's) have not been well studied.ObjectiveTo describe the CXR abnormalities and associated clinical/immunological features in HIV‐infected South African children.Materials and MethodsA prospective study of HIV‐infected children who underwent baseline chest radiography and clinical and immunological HIV‐staging. CXR abnormalities were stratified as grade 1 (mild) or grade 2 (moderate/severe). Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses assessed associations between radiological severity and clinical/immunological parameters.ResultsThree hundred thirty children (53% male), median age 23.8 months, were included; 303 (92%) had moderate/severe clinical disease and 225 (68%) moderate/severe immune suppression; 52 (16%) had a normal CXR; 169 (51%) had grade 2 CXR abnormalities, manifesting as: confluent opacification (n = 91, 28%), nodules (n = 37, 11%), or nodules with opacification (n = 41, 12%) Grade 2 abnormality was associated with more advanced clinical HIV disease (OR: 6.9; 95% CI: 1.9–25.6), CD4+ less than 20% (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.0–3.0) and age over 24 months (OR: 4.1; 95% CI: 2.1–8.0).ConclusionCXR abnormalities are common in HIV‐infected children in LMIC's. The extent of radiological abnormality correlates with age and clinical and immunological severity of HIV‐disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:581–588. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How to select the most relevant 3D roughness parameters of a surface
Authors: Deltombe R. , Kubiak K. J. , Bigerelle M. 
Published: August 2013

SummaryIn order to conduct a comprehensive roughness analysis, around sixty 3D roughness parameters are created to describe most of the surface morphology with regard to specific functions, properties or applications. In this paper, a multiscale surface topography decomposition method is proposed with application to stainless steel (AISI 304), which is processed by rolling at different fabrication stages and by electrical discharge tool machining. Fifty‐six 3D‐roughness parameters defined in ISO, EUR, and ASME standards are calculated for the measured surfaces. Then, expert software “MesRug” is employed to perform statistical analysis on acquired data in order to find the most relevant parameters characterizing the effect of both processes (rolling and machining), and to determine the most appropriate scale of analysis. For the rolling process: The parameter Vmc (the Core Material Volume—defined as volume of material comprising the texture between heights corresponding to the material ratio values of p = 10% and q = 80%) computed at the scale of 3 µm is the most relevant parameter to characterize the cold rolling process. For the EDM Process, the best roughness parameter is SPD that represents the number of peaks per unit area after segmentation of a surface into motifs computed at the scale of 8 µm. SCANNING 36:150–160, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory based on density functional theory for noncovalent interactions
Authors: Jansen Georg 
Published: August 2013

The combination of symmetry‐adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) of intermolecular interactions with a density functional theory (DFT) description of the underlying molecular properties, known as DFT‐SAPT or SAPT(DFT), is reviewed, with a focus on methodology. A theoretical formalism avoiding an overlap expansion and the single‐exchange approximation for the second‐order exchange contributions is presented, and ways to include higher order contributions are discussed. The influence of the exchange‐correlation potential and kernel underlying any DFT‐SAPT calculation will be explicated. Enhancements of the computational efficiency through density fitting are described and comparisons to coupled cluster theory and experiment benchmark the performance of the method.This article is categorized under:Structure and Mechanism > Molecular StructuresElectronic Structure Theory > Density Functional TheoryMolecular and Statistical Mechanics > Molecular Interactions
Angehörige in End-of-Life Care – die Vielfalt ihrer Rollen und Herausforderungen
Authors: Pleschberger Sabine 
Published: August 2013

Einleitung
Seit mehr als zehn Jahren kann ein wachsendes gesundheitspolitisches und wissenschaftliches Interesse an (pflegenden) Angehörigen verzeichnet werden. Der Forschungsstand hierzu ist im deutschsprachigen Raum allerdings noch immer dürftig, insbesondere im Kontext von End-of-life Care. Das überrascht angesichts des intensiven Diskurses um Hospizarbeit und Palliative Care und der großen Bedeutung, die Angehörige in der Versorgung am Lebensende haben. Über sie wird zumeist die Basisversorgung und Pflege sichergestellt. Angehörige leisten Begleitung, psychische sowie seelische Unterstützung in der letzten Lebensphase, und sie leisten auch einen Beitrag zur sozialen Integration sterbender Menschen. Im Kontext von Gesundheitsförderung sind daher auch die spezifischen Bedürfnisse der Angehörigen in der Bewältigung von Sterben, Tod und Trauer dringend aufzunehmen.
The role of psychological factors in bipolar disorder: prospective relationships between cognitive style, coping style and symptom expression
Authors: Fletcher Kathryn , Parker Gordon , Manicavasagar Vijaya 
Published: August 2013

ObjectivePsychological factors contribute to bipolar disorder illness course, representing targets for psychological intervention. Research to date has focused on bipolar I disorder, extrapolating results to bipolar II disorder. The current study addresses this discrepancy by exploring cognitive and coping styles in patients diagnosed with bipolar I or II disorder.MethodsParticipants were recruited from the Sydney-based Black Dog Institute. Diagnoses were derived via the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Baseline cognitive and coping style measures were completed, and mood symptoms assessed over a 6-month period. Clinician-rated mood status was assessed at follow-up to determine the predictive utility of cognitive and coping styles.ResultsThe follow-up sample comprised 151 participants. Differential relationships between cognitive style, coping styles and mood symptoms emerged across the bipolar sub-types. Some key differences were that a broader set of negative cognitive styles were associated with bipolar II depression symptoms; while few relationships were observed between coping styles and bipolar II symptoms.ConclusionDifferences in cognitive and coping style relationships with symptom expression across bipolar I and II disorder may provide clinicians with fruitful guides for directing treatment interventions when relevant maladaptive styles are observed. Further exploration of differences in cognitive and coping styles in bipolar I and II disorder is warranted.
COUNTING SYMMETRIC BRACELETS
Authors: ZELENYUK YEVHEN , ZELENYUK YULIYA 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAn $r$-ary necklace (bracelet) of length $n$ is an equivalence class of $r$-colourings of vertices of a regular $n$-gon, taking all rotations (rotations and reflections) as equivalent. A necklace (bracelet) is symmetric if a corresponding colouring is invariant under some reflection. We show that the number of symmetric $r$-ary necklaces (bracelets) of length $n$ is $\frac{1}{2} (r+ 1){r}^{n/ 2} $ if $n$ is even, and ${r}^{(n+ 1)/ 2} $ if $n$ is odd.
Effects of pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars on Thrips tabaci Lindeman preference and performance
Authors: POBOŻNIAK M. , KOSCHIER E. H. 
Published: August 2013

SUMMARYThe polyphagous onion thrips Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a serious pest in many protected and field crops and has recently been found to occur in high numbers in Pisum sativum L. crops. In the present study, the abundance of T. tabaci was compared on two pea cultivars in the field. Data on sweep net catches at different sampling times during the day suggest that peak activity of the thrips is at noon. Significantly more thrips larvae and adults were caught on the early pea cultivar Cud Kelwedonu compared with the very early cultivar Pionier, particularly during and after flowering of the peas. Analysis of primary plant compounds indicated that the higher leaf nitrogen and sucrose contents in the leaves of cvar Cud Kelwedonu promote thrips population growth in pea. The preference of T. tabaci for leaves of cvar Cud Kelwedonu was confirmed in experiments in the laboratory. Thrips tended to settle, caused significantly more feeding damage and laid significantly more eggs on the leaves of Cud Kelwedonu. Knowledge on abundance, activity patterns and host use of T. tabaci in pea may contribute to optimizing cultivar selection, monitoring and timing of possible control measures in the future.