bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shouting to Be Heard in Advertising
Authors: Anderson Simon P. , de Palma André 
Published: February 2013

Advertising competes for scarce consumer attention, so more profitable advertisers send more messages to break through the others' clutter. Multiple equilibria can arise: more messages in aggregate induce more “shouting to be heard,” dissipating profit. Equilibria can involve a small range of loud shouters or large range of quiet whisperers. All advertisers prefer there to be less shouting. There is the largest diversity in message levels for a middling width of advertiser types: both very wide and very narrow widths have only one message per advertiser. The number of advertisers at each message level decreases with the level if the profit distribution is log-convex. Increasing the cost of sending messages can make all advertisers better off. A new technique is given for describing multiple equilibria, by determining how much examination is consistent with a given marginal advertiser. This paper was accepted by J. Miguel Villas-Boas, marketing.
Is Pay for Performance Detrimental to Innovation?
Authors: Ederer Florian , Manso Gustavo 
Published: February 2013

Previous research in economics shows that compensation based on the pay-for-performance principle is effective in inducing higher levels of effort and productivity. On the other hand, research in psychology argues that performance-based financial incentives inhibit creativity and innovation. How should managerial compensation be structured if the goal is to induce managers to pursue more innovative business strategies? In a controlled laboratory setting, we provide evidence that the combination of tolerance for early failure and reward for long-term success is effective in motivating innovation. Subjects under such an incentive scheme explore more and are more likely to discover a novel business strategy than subjects under fixed-wage and standard pay-for-performance incentive schemes. We also find evidence that the threat of termination can undermine incentives for innovation, whereas golden parachutes can alleviate these innovation-reducing effects. This paper was accepted by David Hsu, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Ethnic Innovation and U.S. Multinational Firm Activity
Authors: Foley C. Fritz , Kerr William R. 
Published: February 2013

This paper studies the impact that ethnic innovators have on the global activities of U.S. firms by analyzing detailed data on patent applications and on the operations of the foreign affiliates of U.S. multinational firms. The results indicate that increases in the share of a firm's innovation performed by inventors of a particular ethnicity are associated with increases in the share of that firm's affiliate activity in countries related to that ethnicity. Ethnic innovators also appear to facilitate the disintegration of innovative activity across borders and to allow U.S. multinationals to form new affiliates abroad without the support of local joint venture partners. This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
Optimization of sulfuric acid-assisted glycerol pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse
Authors: Martín Carlos , Puls Jürgen , Schreiber Andreas , Saake Bodo 
Published: February 2013

Abstract
A combined pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse with glycerol and sulfuric acid was investigated based on a central composite rotatable experimental design. The following factors were varied: temperature (150–199°C), time (0.69–2.3 h), H2SO4 concentration (0.0–1.1%), and glycerol concentration (55.4–79.6%). Xylans and lignin were considerably solubilized during pretreatment. Xylan solubilization, ranging between 6% and 94%, increased significantly with the increase of temperature, time, and H2SO4 concentration and dropped with the increase of glycerol amount. Glycerol restricted the solubilization and full hydrolysis of xylans and the degradation of xylose. Lignin solubilization (20.6–49.4%) increased with the increase of all the experimental factors. Cellulose recovery, which was generally high, increased with the increasing of glycerol concentration and declined at high levels of the other factors. Recoveries above 97% were achieved at low H2SO4 concentration and high glycerol load, whereas the lowest value (83.4%) was achieved in the longest-lasting experiment. The models based on the experimental results predicted the maximal lignin solubilization at 187.7°C, 2.3 h, 79.6% glycerol, and 0.64% H2SO4, whereas the highest yield of enzymatic hydrolysis can be expected at 194.1°C, 1.67 h, 79.6% glycerol, and 1.1% H2SO4. The optimal conditions were confirmed in control experiments. The synergistic effect of sulfuric acid and glycerol on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose was demonstrated.
Short stature in two siblings heterozygous for a novel bioinactive GH mutant (GH-P59S) suggesting that the mutant also affects secretion of the wild-type GH
Authors: Petkovic Vibor , Miletta Maria Consolata , Boot Annemieke M , Losekoot Monique , Flück Christa E , Pandey Amit V , Eblé Andrée , Wit Jan Maarten , Mullis Primus E 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveShort stature caused by biologically inactive GH is clinically characterized by lack of GH action despite normal-high secretion of GH, pathologically low IGF1 concentrations and marked catch-up growth on GH replacement therapy.Design and methodsAdopted siblings (girl and a boy) of unknown family history were referred for assessment of short stature (−4.5 and −5.6 SDS) at the age of 10 and 8.1 years respectively. They had delayed bone ages (6.8 and 4.5 years), normal GH peaks at stimulation tests, and severely reduced IGF1 concentrations (−3.5 and −4.0 SDS). Genetic analysis of theGH1gene showed a heterozygous P59S mutation at position involved in binding to GH receptor (GHR).ResultsIsoelectric focusing analysis of secreted GH in patient serum revealed the presence of higher GH-P59S peak compared with that of wt-GH. Furthermore, computational simulation of GH-P59S binding to GHR suggested problems in correct binding of the mutant to the GHR.In vitroGHR binding studies revealed reduced binding affinity of GH-P59S for GHR (IC50, 30 ng/ml) when compared with the wt-GH (IC50, 11.8 ng/ml) while a significantly decreased ability of the mutant to activate the Jak2/Stat5 signaling pathway was observed at physiological concentrations of 25–100 ng/ml.ConclusionsThe clinical and biochemical data of our patients support the diagnosis of partial bioinactive GH syndrome. The higher amount of GH-P59S secreted in their circulation combined with its impact on the wt-GH function on GHR binding and signaling may alter GHR responsiveness to wt-GH and could ultimately explain severe short stature found in our patients.
Prospective evaluation of thyroid imaging reporting and data system on 4550 nodules with and without elastography
Authors: Russ Gilles , Royer Bénédicte , Bigorgne Claude , Rouxel Agnès , Bienvenu-Perrard Marie , Leenhardt Laurence 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate prospectively the diagnostic accuracy of the thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) and its interobserver agreement and to estimate the reduction of indications of fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs).DesignA prospective comparative study was designed.MethodsIn 2 years, 4550 nodules in 3543 patients were prospectively scored using a flowchart and a six-point scale and then submitted to US-FNAB. Results were read according to the Bethesda system. Histopathological results were available for 263 cases after surgery. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value, and accuracy were calculated for the gray-scale score, elastography, and a combination of both methods. Interobserver agreement was calculated using the kappa statistic. The reduction in the number of FNABs was estimated.ResultsWhen compared with cytopathological results, sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and accuracy were 95.7, 61, 99.7, and 62% for the TI-RADS gray-scale score; 74.2, 91.1, 98, and 90% for elastography; and 98.5, 44.7, 99.8, and 48.3% for a combination of both methods respectively. When compared with histopathological results, the sensitivity of the gray-scale score, elastography, and a combination of both methods were 93.2, 41.9, and 96.7% respectively. Interobserver agreement for the six-point scale and the recommendation for biopsy were substantial (κ value=0.72 and 0.76 respectively). The reduction in the number of FNABs was estimated to be 33.8%.ConclusionThe TI-RADS score has high sensitivity and NPV for the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma. A hard nodule should always be considered as suspicious for malignancy but elastography cannot be used alone. Combination of elastography with gray-scale can be used to improve sensitivity or specificity. Interobserver agreement and decrease in unnecessary biopsies are significant.
Five novel mutations in the SCNN1A gene causing autosomal recessive pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1
Authors: Welzel Maik , Akin Leyla , Büscher Anja , Güran Tülay , P Hauffa Berthold , Högler Wolfgang , Leonards Julia , Karges Beate , Kentrup Heiner , Kirel Birgul , Senses Emine Esin Yalinbas , Tekin Neslihan , Holterhus Paul-Martin , Riepe Felix G 
Published: February 2013

BackgroundPseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA1) is a monogenic disease caused by mutations in the genes encoding the human mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) or the α (SCNN1A), β (SCNN1B) or γ (SCNN1G) subunit of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC). While autosomal dominant mutation of the MR cause renal PHA1, autosomal recessive mutations of the ENaC lead to systemic PHA1. In the latter, affected children suffer from neonatal onset of multi-organ salt loss and often exhibit cystic fibrosis-like pulmonary symptoms.ObjectiveWe searched for underlying mutations in seven unrelated children with systemic PHA1, all offsprings of healthy consanguineous parents.Methods and resultsAmplification of the SCNN1A gene and sequencing of all 13 coding exons unraveled mutations in all of our patients. We found five novel homozygous mutations (c.587_588insC in two patients, c.1342_1343insTACA, c.742delG, c.189C>A, c.1361-2A>G) and one known mutation (c.1474C>T) leading to truncation of the αENaC protein. All parents were asymptomatic heterozygous carriers of the respective mutations, confirming the autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Five out of seven patients exhibited pulmonary symptoms in the neonatal period.ConclusionThe α subunit is essential for ENaC function and mutations truncating the pore-forming part of the protein leading to systemic PHA1. Based on current knowledge, the pulmonary phenotype cannot be satisfactorily predicted.
Expressions of miRNAs in papillary thyroid carcinoma and their associations with the BRAFV600E mutation
Authors: Huang Yongbo , Liao Denghui , Pan Lingxiao , Ye Runyi , Li Xiaoxi , Wang Shenming , Ye Caisheng , Chen Liuhua 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveAlterations in microRNA (miRNA) expression have been described in thyroid tumors, suggesting a role for miRNAs in thyroid carcinogenesis. BRAFV600E is the most frequently identified genetic alteration in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We investigated the link between BRAFV600E status and the expression of miRNAs in PTC and analyzed the associations of these factors with clinicopathological characteristics.Design and methodsProspective study of patients who underwent thyroid surgery between October 8, 2008 and November 1, 2010. BRAFV600E status was determined by mutant allele-specific amplification PCR and direct sequencing of exon 15 of the BRAF gene in 69 PTC tissues and 69 respective paracancerous normal thyroid tissues. Initially, miRNA expression was analyzed in 12 PTC tissues and three associated paracancerous tissues using a miRNA microarray. miRNAs differentially expressed between BRAFV600E-positive and -negative PTC tissues were then validated by real-time quantitative PCR on 69 PTC tissues and 69 paracancerous tissues. We also explored the associations between BRAFV600E status or differential miRNA expression and clinicopathological characteristics.ResultsThe mutation rate of BRAFV600E in PTC was 47.8%. Twelve miRNAs were upregulated and six were downregulated in PTC tissues, among which miR-15a, 15a*, 34a*, 34b*, 551b, 873, 876-3p, and 1274a were first identified. miR-21* and 203 were significantly dysregulated (P<0.05) in PTC tissues with BRAFV600E. Additionally, there were significant associations (P<0.05) between BRAFV600E and a higher tumor–node–metastasis staging (III/IV), and between miR-21* over-expression and lymph node metastasis.ConclusionsWe identified two miRNAs that are differentially expressed in PTC tissues with BRAFV600E and revealed their associations with clinicopathological features. These findings may lead to the development of a potential diagnostic biomarker or prognostic indicator of PTC.
High penetrance of pheochromocytoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia 2 caused by germ line RET codon 634 mutation in Japanese patients
Authors: Imai Tsuneo , Uchino Shinya , Okamoto Takahiro , Suzuki Shinichi , Kosugi Shinji , Kikumori Toyone , Sakurai Akihiro , _ _ 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveThe precise penetrance of pheochromocytoma (PHEO) in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) has not been reported in a large cohort. In this study, we aimed to clarify the codon-specific penetrance of PHEO in MEN2.DesignWe established a study group designated the ‘MEN Consortium of Japan’ in 2008 and asked physicians and surgeons to provide clinical and genetic information on patients they had treated up to 2011.MethodsData were collected on patients identified as carriers of the RET mutation or diagnosed with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and/or PHEO with family history from 52 institutions all over Japan.ResultsOf 493 registered MEN2 patients, RET mutation data were available for 390. Of these, 144developed PHEOs, while 246 did not. The penetrance of PHEO was 25% by age 30 years, 52% by age 50 years, and 88% by age 77 years in RET mutation carriers with a codon 634 mutation. All patients with a codon 918 mutation (MEN2B) developed PHEO by age 56 years. Less than 32%penetrance of PHEO was seen in patients with mutations at codons other than 634 and 918.ConclusionsMost patients with a codon 634 mutation develop PHEOs as well as MTC during their lifetime.
Response to GH treatment in adult GH deficiency is predicted by gender, age, and IGF1 SDS but not by stimulated GH-peak
Authors: Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla , Brabant Georg , Maiter Dominique , Jonsson Björn , Toogood Andy , Koltowska-Haggstrom Maria , Rasmussen Aase Krogh , Buchfelder Michael , Saller Bernhard , Biller Beverly M K 
Published: February 2013

ObjectiveWe studied whether the severity of GH deficiency (GHD) defined as i) GH-peak on stimulation tests (insulin tolerance test (ITT), arginine, and glucagon), ii) number of additional pituitary deficits, or iii) baseline IGF1 SDS could impact the response to GH treatment. We further explored whether iv) IGF1 SDS after 24 months of GH replacement or v) ΔIGF1 SDS from baseline to 24 months was related to the phenotypic response to GH treatment.Design, patients, and measurementsThe patient cohort (n=1752; 50% women) was obtained from KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database). The patients were divided into three groups of approximately equal size (tertiles) according to the stimulated GH-peak values and baseline IGF1 SDS and were studied at baseline, 12, and 24 months of GH therapy.ResultsLower baseline IGF1 SDS predicted better response in weight, BMI, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, while IGF1 SDS after 24 months was associated with reduction in waist/hip ratio, total cholesterol, and improved quality of life (QoL). Age-correlated negatively with the response in body weight, BMI, waist, IGF1 SDS, and total and LDL-cholesterol.Response in weight and BMI was greater in men than in women, whereas women showed greater improvement in QoL than men. Patients with more severe GHD as assessed by lower GH-peaks and more pituitary hormone deficiencies had a greater increase in IGF1 SDS. The increase in IGF1 SDS was associated with a reduction in waist/hip ratio and an increase in weight, BMI, and triglycerides. There was no correlation with other lipids, blood pressure, or glucose.ConclusionOur findings indicate that baseline and 24 months, IGF1 and its degree of increase during GH replacement were more important than stimulated peak GH to predict the phenotypic response.
Distinguishing Lyme From Septic Knee Monoarthritis in Lyme Disease–Endemic Areas
Authors: Deanehan Julia K. , Kimia Amir A. , Tan Tanny Sharman P. , Milewski Matthew D. , Talusan Paul G. , Smith Brian G. , Nigrovic Lise E. 
Published: February 2013

OBJECTIVE:
Because Lyme and septic arthritis may present similarly, we sought to identify children with knee monoarthritis at low risk for septic arthritis who may not require arthrocentesis.

METHODS:
We performed a retrospective study of children with knee monoarthritis presenting to 1 of 2 pediatric centers, both located in Lyme disease–endemic areas. Septic arthritis was defined by a positive result on synovial fluid culture or synovial fluid pleocytosis with a positive blood culture result. Lyme arthritis was defined as a positive Lyme serologic result or physician-documented erythema migrans rash. All other children were considered to have other inflammatory arthritis. A clinical prediction model was derived by using recursive partitioning to identify children at low risk for septic arthritis, and the model was then externally validated.

RESULTS:
We identified 673 patients with knee monoarthritis; 19 (3%) had septic arthritis, 341 (51%) had Lyme arthritis, and 313 (46%) had other inflammatory arthritis. The following predictors of knee septic arthritis were identified: peripheral blood absolute neutrophil count ≥10 × 103 cells per mm3 and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate ≥40 mm/hour. In the validation population, no child with a absolute neutrophil count &lt;10 × 103 cells per mm3 and an erythrocyte sedimentation rate &lt;40 mm/hour had septic arthritis (sensitivity: 6 of 6 [100%], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 54–100; specificity: 87 of 160 [54%], 95% CI: 46–62). Overall, none of the 19 children with septic arthritis were classified as low risk (10%, 95% CI: 0–17).

CONCLUSIONS:
Laboratory criteria can be used to identify children with knee monoarthritis at low risk for septic arthritis who may not require diagnostic arthrocentesis.
Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the 42 Item Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (Dass-42) in a Clinical Sample
Authors: Hekimoglu Levent , Altun Zeren Ozturk , Kaya Emine Zeynep , Bayram Nuran , Bilgel Nazan 
Published: February 2013

Objective: To study the psychometric properties of the Turkish translation of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-42) in a clinical group. Methods: Outpatients diagnosed with anxiety ( n = 138; mean age = 44.5 years; 74.6% female) or depression ( n = 112; mean age = 46.2 years; 77.7% female) from the psychiatric outpatient clinic of a public hospital were evaluated. A group of non-clinical volunteers ( n = 250; mean age = 37 years; 68% female) served as a community group for comparison. The participants completed the Turkish versions of the DASS-42, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: The structure of the DASS-42 was analyzed in the clinical sample using principal components extraction. The three-factor solution accounted for 56% of the total variance, with eigenvalues of 17.6, 3.0, and 2.6. The range of factor loadings was 0.55–0.85 for depression, 0.47–0.62 for anxiety, and 0.49–0.74 for stress. The Cronbach alpha values for the DASS depression, anxiety, and stress subscales were 0.94, 0.88, 0.94 respectively. The concurrent validity of the DASS was satisfactory. The non-clincal participants scored lower on all three subscales than the individuals in all of the clinical groups. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the DASS-42 appears to be an excellent instrument for measuring features of depression, hyperarousal, and tension in clinical groups.
Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Patients with Dengue Fever and Their Correlation with Symptom Severity
Authors: Hashmi Ali M. , Butt Zeeshan , Idrees Zaidan , Niazi Mehreen , Yousaf Zohaib , Haider Syed Furqan , Bhatti Muhammad R. 
Published: February 2013

Objective: To study the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in patients with Dengue and to examine their correlation with symptom severity. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 531 consecutive patients who met the World Health Organization criteria for Dengue fever admitted to Mayo Hospital, Lahore between September and November 2011 were administered the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). In addition to the HADS, the severity of their symptoms, like headache, myalgias/ arthralgias, fever, and retro/periorbital pain, was assessed on a 3-point scale (mild, moderate, and severe). Results: About 60% of the patients in our study met the criteria for anxiety and 62.2% of the patients met criteria for depression. Severity of fever, headache, myalgias and arthralgias, and retro/periorbital pain was positively correlated with both anxiety (Correlation coefficients: 0.148, 0.247, 0.184, 0.184 respectively and P < 0.01 for all) and depression scores (Correlation coefficients: 0.098, 0.154, 0.131, 0.125 respectively and P value < 0.01 for all). The strongest correlation was found between severity of headache and scores for both anxiety and depression. Both mean anxiety and depression scores were significantly higher in patients with platelet count below median (30,000/mm3) than in patients with platelet count above median (9.1 ± 4.7 vs 8.2 ± 4.7, P < 0.03, and 9.5 ± 4.5 vs 8.5 ± 4.5, P < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: A majority of patients with Dengue have anxiety and depression symptoms. Psychiatric evaluation should be done in all Dengue patients so timely treatment can be initiated.
Cost-Efficiency of Laboratory Testing among Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Lopez-Castroman J. , Blasco-Fontecilla H. , Paz-Yepes M. , Montoya-Ferrer A. , De Leon-Martinez V. , Alvarez R. , Baca-Garcia E. 
Published: February 2013

Background: A set of tests to rule out medical conditions among psychiatric inpatients is still to be defined. A first step in this direction is to determine the utility of lab tests commonly used by psychiatrists. Methods: Biochemical tests have been routinely performed on inpatients in a psychiatric hospitalization unit from 2006 to 2009. This study examines the prevalence of abnormal values in 1,278 laboratory tests performed on 894 patients. The number of subjects screened and the direct expenditure needed to find results outside the normal range were computed. Differences in clinical profiles were compared between diagnostic groups according to main diagnosis. Results: We found high rates of seropositive patients for human immunodeficiency virus (14.3%) and hepatitis B virus (15.7%). Most patients met at least one criteria of metabolic syndrome (67.6%). The detection of hepatic abnormalities was very efficient (65.7I%), particularly for patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorders. Conclusions: The cost-efficiency of lab tests in psychiatric units is greatly variable. Though results of this study may not be generalized due to the different prevalence of medical conditions, the methodology can be easily implemented across psychiatric services. Cost-effectiveness and costbenefit analyses are warranted.