bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing solar power generation forecasting in smart grids: a hybrid convolutional neural network -autoencoder long short-term memory approach
Authors: Zafar Ahsan , Che Yanbo , Sehnan Moeed , Afzal Usama , D Algarni Abeer , Elmannai Hela 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Incorporating zero-carbon emission sources of energy into the electric grid is essential to meet the growing energy needs in public and industrial sectors. Smart grids, with their cutting-edge sensing and communication technologies, provide an effective approach to integrating renewable energy resources and managing power systems efficiently. Improving solar energy efficiency remains a challenge within smart grid infrastructures. Nonetheless, recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI) techniques presents promising opportunities to improve energy production control and management. In this study, initially, we employed two different Machine learning (ML) models: Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and Long Short Term Memory (LSTM), to forecast solar power plant parameters. The analysis revealed that the LSTM model performed better than RNN in terms of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Squared Error (MSE). Following a review of the LSTM model’s graphical results, it was further enhanced by combining Autoencoder with LSTM, creating the Autoencoder LSTM (AELSTM) model. Next, a new hybrid model was introduced: Convolutional Neural Network-Autoencoder Long Short-Term Memory (HCAELSTM), designed to boost prediction accuracy. These models were trained on a one-year real-time solar power plant dataset for training and performance assessment. Ultimately, the hybrid HCAELSTM model surpassed the AELSTM model in terms of MAPE, MAE, and MSE. It excelled in MAPE scores for Daily Power Production, Peak Grid Power Production, and Solar Radiance, achieving low scores of 1.175, 2.116, and 1.592 respectively, demonstrating superior accuracy. The study underscores the importance of AI and ML, in particular, the hybrid model HCAELSTM, in enhancing the smart grid’s ability to integrate renewable energy sources. The hybrid model excels at accurately forecasting key measurements, improving solar power generation efficiency within the smart grid system which also plays a key role in the broader shift toward the fourth energy revolution.
The role of mobility in epidemics near criticality
Authors: Nettuno Beatrice , Toffenetti Davide , Metzl Christoph , Weigand Linus , Raßhofer Florian , Swiderski Richard , Frey Erwin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The general epidemic process (GEP), also known as susceptible-infected-recovered model, provides a minimal model of how an epidemic spreads within a population of susceptible individuals who acquire permanent immunization upon recovery. This model exhibits a second-order absorbing state phase transition, commonly studied assuming immobile healthy individuals. We investigate the impact of mobility on the scaling properties of disease spreading near the extinction threshold by introducing two generalizations of GEP, where the mobility of susceptible and recovered individuals is examined independently. In both cases, including mobility violates GEP’s rapidity reversal symmetry and alters the number of absorbing states. The critical dynamics of the models are analyzed through a perturbative renormalization group (RG) approach and large-scale stochastic simulations using a Gillespie algorithm. The RG analysis predicts both models to belong to the same novel universality class describing the critical dynamics of epidemic spreading when the infected individuals interact with a diffusive species and gain immunization upon recovery. At the associated RG fixed point, the immobile species decouples from the dynamics of the infected species, dominated by the coupling with the diffusive species. Numerical simulations in two dimensions affirm our RG results by identifying the same set of critical exponents for both models. Violation of the rapidity reversal symmetry is confirmed by breaking the associated hyperscaling relation. Our study underscores the significance of mobility in shaping population spreading dynamics near the extinction threshold.
Variational aspect and kinetic theory of locally conformal dynamics
Authors: Esen Oğul , Gezici Ayten , Gümral Hasan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We present the locally conformal generalization of the Euler–Lagrange equations. We determine the dual space of the LCS Hamiltonian vector fields. Within this dual space, we formulate the Lie–Poisson equation that governs the kinetic motion of Hamiltonian systems in the context of local conformality. By expressing the Lie–Poisson dynamics in terms of density functions, we derive locally conformal Vlasov dynamics. In addition, we outline a geometric pathway that connects LCS Hamiltonian particle motion to locally conformal kinetic motion.
On the Lundgren hierarchy of helically symmetric turbulence
Authors: Stegmayer V , Görtz S , Akbari S , Oberlack M 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper analyzes the reduction of the infinite Lundgren–Monin–Novikov (LMN) hierarchy of probability density functions (PDFs) in the statistical theory of helically symmetric turbulence. Lundgren’s hierarchy is considered a complete model, i.e. fully describes the joint multi-point statistic of turbulence though at the expense of dealing with an infinite set of integro-differential equations. The LMN hierarchy and its respective side-conditions are transformed to helical coordinates and thus are dimesionally reduced. In the course of development, a number of key questions were solved, namely in particular the transformation of PDFs and sample space velocities into orthonormal coordinate systems. In a validity check it is shown, that the mean momentum equations derived from the helical LMN hierarchy via statistical moment integration are identical to the mean momentum equations derived by direct ensemble averaging the Navier–Stokes equation, in helically symmetric form. Finally, we derive the equation for the characteristic function equivalent to the PDF equation in a helically symmetric frame, which allows to generate arbitrary

n

t
h

-order statistical moments by simple differentiation.
Antioxidant response of Calendula officinalis L. assisted synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Tiwari Ajay Kumar , Jha Saket , Tripathi Sharad Kumar , Awasthi Ram Raseele , Bhardwaj Abhishek Kumar , Singh Abhimanyu Kumar , Dikshit Anupam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The over-production of free radicals in the body causes oxidant damage in the body. Currently, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are gaining attention of most scientists because of their excellent physical, chemical, and biological properties. In this work, the ZnO NPs were synthesized using the petal extract of C. officinalis L. An absorbance spectrum of the synthesized ZnO NPs was recorded using an ultraviolet-visible (UV–Vis) spectrophotometer. The absorbance band around 368 nm confirms the formation of ZnO NPs. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis clearly shows that the most of the ZnO NPs are spherical in shape with average particle size ∼ 16 nm. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) result demonstrates the spherical morphology with large agglomeration of the particles. The energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) result confirms the presence of Zn in the synthesized NPs’. The x-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks represent the crystalline structure of the ZnO NPs with average particle size ∼ 27.22 nm. Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectrum of synthesized ZnO NPs was recorded in the range of 4000-500 cm−1. The ester and carboxylic groups were found at 1017 cm−1, 952 cm−1, 688 cm−1, 609 cm−1, and 514 cm−1 due to the presence of Zn-O band stretch in the FT-IR spectrum. Further synthesized material was evaluated by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay to evaluate its antioxidant activity. It showed that ZnO NPs exhibited significant antioxidant activity through scavenging DPPH free radicals. Thus, it could be seen that the synthesis of naturally occurring plant product ZnO NPs acts as an alternative chemical antioxidant. Hence, the herbal synthesized ZnO NPs are proven to be a potent antioxidant agent and can be used in several medicinal applications.
A deterministic design approach of tilt integral derivative controller for integer and fractional-order system with time delay
Authors: Dakua Biresh Kumar , Pati Bibhuti Bhusan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
A tilt integral derivative (TID) controller modifies the proportional integral derivative (PID) controller in the fractional domain. It converts the proportional gain as a function of frequency and is thereby capable of achieving optimal system response. The usual practice for the parameter estimation of the TID controller is by minimization of the error-based objective functions using optimization techniques. Although precise results can be achieved, these nature-inspired algorithms are stochastic and hence produce different solutions during different iterations. Therefore, a comparative statistical study is usually necessary to validate the best possible result. This study shows a deterministic analytical procedure for the paramssseter estimation of TID controllers. The magnitude and phase angle criteria, along with the frequency-domain loop shaping specifications, are used for the explicit evaluation of the TID parameters. Because of its model-independent nature, this tuning strategy can be used for a variety of integral and nonintegral order systems with different plant structures. In this article, the authenticity of the applied procedure is demonstrated through suitable numerical examples. The complexity of the design problem is enhanced by using it for both integer and non-integer (fractional) order plus time-delay systems. Further, the robustness of the control system in the presence of a TID controller was examined under the influence of external parameters and input reference changes. Simulation studies validate the supremacy of TID controllers over PID controllers in terms of reference tracking and disturbance rejection capabilities.
Normalizing flows as an enhanced sampling method for atomistic supercooled liquids
Authors: Jung Gerhard , Biroli Giulio , Berthier Ludovic 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Normalizing flows can transform a simple prior probability distribution into a more complex target distribution. Here, we evaluate the ability and efficiency of generative machine learning methods to sample the Boltzmann distribution of an atomistic model for glass-forming liquids. This is a notoriously difficult task, as it amounts to ergodically exploring the complex free energy landscape of a disordered and frustrated many-body system. We optimize a normalizing flow model to successfully transform high-temperature configurations of a dense liquid into low-temperature ones, near the glass transition. We perform a detailed comparative analysis with established enhanced sampling techniques developed in the physics literature to assess and rank the performance of normalizing flows against state-of-the-art algorithms. We demonstrate that machine learning methods are very promising, showing a large speedup over conventional molecular dynamics. Normalizing flows show performances comparable to parallel tempering and population annealing, while still falling far behind the swap Monte Carlo algorithm. Our study highlights the potential of generative machine learning models in scientific computing for complex systems, but also points to some of its current limitations and the need for further improvement.
UV electromagnetic irradiation sensing by GQDs sensitized ZnO/GaN heterostructure for wearable dosimetry
Authors: Goswami Lalit , Prajapat Pukhraj , Vashishtha Pargam , Gupta Govind 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Sensing of Ultraviolet (UV) Electromagnetic Irradiations (EIs) for wearable dosimetry is promulgated universally by reserving their place in precise calibration for the controlled exposure of UV-EIs for the betterment of humankind. In other words, the controlled exposure of incident optical power density (OPD) of UV-EIs found advantageous and numerous noble healthcare applications such as beta-endorphin molecule (provide feel-good factor to the brain) level augmentation, adequate vitamin D (physical strength) level formation, in skin treatment like eczema and dermatitis, sensing important biomolecules like Uric Acid (responsible for critical disease related with kidney and heart). Moreover, the controlled exposure of OPDs also significantly impacts UV disinfection technologies, which provide a defensive shield against critical respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, by understanding the importance of limited exposure to these vital UV-EIs, the present study showcased the GQDs-sensitized ZnO/GaN heterostructured UV sensor utilized to explore the impact of UV-EIs OPDs on their performance. This study helps to develop and utilize the UV sensor-based wearable dosimetry for in-house diagnostics of critical healthcare parameters. This report also divulged an interesting core mechanism (band bending, tunneling through narrowed hole injection under increased negative bias) involved in affecting the performance of the UV-EIs sensor by a function of growing OPDs with the help of a suitable band diagram. The impact of increasing OPDs on fabricated UV-EIs sensors can be well understood by the fact that, by varying the OPDs up to ∼550%, the Gain (G), responsivity (R), external quantum efficiency (EQE) and noise equivalent power (NEP) significantly increases up to (156.7 to 332.4) ∼300%, (118 A W−1 to 3200 A W−1) 2700%, (∼870% to 12 × 103%) 1400% and (1.3 pWHz−1/2 to 50 fWHz−1/2) 10,000% respectively at an applied bias of −6 V. Furthermore, the time-correlated transient photoresponse is also dramatically improved with increasing OPDs, wherein the increment in rise and decay time is estimated as (159 ms to 7.86 ms) ∼2000% and (68.7 ms to 12.4 ms) ∼500%, respectively.
Extreme Overvalued Beliefs
Authors: Rahman Tahir , Abugel Jeffrey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
An extreme overvalued belief is one that is shared by others in a person’s cultural, religious, or subcultural group. The belief is often relished, amplified, and defended by the possessor of the belief and should be differentiated from an obsession or a delusion. The belief grows more dominant over time, more refined and more resistant to challenge. The individual has an intense emotional commitment to the belief and may carry out violent behavior in its service. Carl Wernicke first described overvalued ideas. Paul R. McHugh invoked overvalued ideas as a thought shared by others in a society or culture and capable of provoking dominant behaviors in its service. Dr. Hagop Akiskal stated that the definitive test (of a delusion vs. overvalued idea) is whether an unusual belief is shared by members of the patient’s subculture (overvalued ideas are fanatically maintained notions, such as superiority of one sex, nation, or race).
Lethal Fixations
Authors: Rahman Tahir , Abugel Jeffrey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The DSM-5-TR definition of delusions reads: “fixed beliefs that are not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence.” German psychiatrist Kurt Schneider provided a description of what he prioritized as the “first rank” symptoms of schizophrenia (thought insertion, thought withdrawal, thought broadcasting, passivity experiences, and a running commentary of voices). The cases of Daniel McNaughton (who shot Edward Drummond instead of Prime Minister Robert Peel), Dante Soiu (stalking of Gwyneth Paltrow), Salvador Ramos (Uvalde), Charles Whitman (obsessions), and Andrea Yates (infanticide) are discussed. The work of David Veale, George Winokur, J. Richard Ciccone, Reid Meloy, and Theo Manschreck on delusional disorder, overvalued ideas, obsessions, and cognitive-affective drivers are compared and contrasted. Cases of monomania and catathymic homicide are also discussed in the context of target attacks.
Extreme Overvalued Beliefs
Authors: Rahman Tahir , Abugel Jeffrey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Just as a delusion, or rarely an obsession, can lead to violence, so can an extreme overvalued belief. Such a belief is often binary, simplistic, and absolute; and it is often more difficult to disprove than a delusion. The forensic cases of Anders Breivik, Dylann Roof, Timothy McVeigh (Oklahoma City bombing), Fort Hood attack (Army Major Malik Hasan), and Cesar Sayoc (mail bombs) are discussed, as well as implications for the insanity defense and death penalty. Carl Wernicke argued that it was possible for any belief to become overvalued, and that an affect‐laden (very emotional) experience often triggers or reinforces the belief. For instance, a depressed or grieving individual, feeling slighted by the government or by society, might convert to a new religion or begin exploring new ideologies. Harvard psychiatrist Oliver Freudenreich stated that those with overvalued ideas (fanatics) may be secretly regarded as heroes, but might not jeopardize themselves.
Digital Subcultures
Authors: Rahman Tahir , Abugel Jeffrey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The internet and other digital forms of media are powerful tools that enable the development of shared beliefs in subcultures. Such subcultures contain shared values, beliefs, language, symbols, rituals, emojis, norms and abbreviations. Social media and gaming platforms also have unique syntax, vocabulary, and writing style which can be difficult for outsiders to fully appreciate. A digital subculture of dissatisfaction, racism, fantasy, and identification and the glorification of violent behavior produce a well-known contagion or “copycat” effect in terrorism—culminating in extreme overvalued beliefs. Subculutres come in “waves” or epochs of terrorism as political currents change. The cases of Payton Gendron, Dylann Roof, Brenton Tarrant, Nikolas Cruz, Salvador Ramos, and Patrick Crusius are discussed. They committed some of the deadliest massacres in recent American history.
Morally Reasoned Attacks
Authors: Rahman Tahir , Abugel Jeffrey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Max Wertheimer introduced the term phi phenomenon (perception of apparent movement). He described the optical illusion of apparent movements when two optical stimuli are presented with alternating high frequency. A group of laws or principles of Gestalt psychology were introduced in 1923. These laws included: proximity, similarity, closure, symmetry, and common fate. Among other notions, these laws posited that objects are perceptually grouped together by the brain to form patterns that are regular, simple, and orderly. The internet has done much the same with beliefs called internet cognitive isoforms, defined here as a piece of information learned online that is used to connect the “cognitive dots.” Jumping to conclusions and binary bias are features of human cognition. Psychologists Solomon Asch and Daniel Kahneman have pioneered the work on cognitive short cuts. The development of radicalization, extreme overvalued beliefs, and terrorism (targeted attacks) are discussed in the chapter.
Suicide
Authors: Rahman Tahir , Abugel Jeffrey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Consensus among terrorism experts (e.g., Jerold Post) is that there is a “collective identity” which best explains it. As an example, they stress social psychology and group dynamics to emphasize the “normality” and absence of individual psychopathology in suicide bombers. This chapter discusses seppuku, kamikaze suicidal pilots, the 9/11 attacks, U.S. mass shooters, Palestinian suicide bombers, and teen suicides as having epochs—each determined by the context of a unique, shared, and often time-limited social climate. The rate of teen suicide has increased over the past decade and it is now the second leading cause of death for teens and young adults in the United States. This chapter discusses Yukio Mishima, kamikaze pilot Kenichro Oonuki, Osama bin Laden, 9/11, Sharia law, and Muhammad Atta in the context of subcultures and collective identities.
Extreme Overvalued Beliefs in Literature
Authors: Rahman Tahir , Abugel Jeffrey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Carl Wernicke first described overvalued ideas in Dostoyevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment. He discussed Rodion Raskolnokov as having a moral grievance in which he justifies killing an elderly pawn broker. Raskolnikov relishes the fantasy of become an extraordinary man, like Napoleon, with special and grandiose talents to offer the world. The story of the Devils of Loudon was an epidemic comparable to what Carl Jung called the “induced collective psychoses of the twentieth century.” Yukio Mishima, Romeo and Juliet, as well as other cases of romantic relationships leading to suicide are also discussed.
Epilogue
Authors: Rahman Tahir , Abugel Jeffrey 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Karl Jaspers further elaborated on overvalued ideas. Paul McHugh at Johns Hopkins notes that Jaspers knew that mental distress could emerge as consequences of some conflict between an individual’s wishes and actual life circumstances. One approach used to prevent eating disorders that may be of value for targeted violence prevention is an intervention known as the “Body Project.” It is based on the social psychological principle of cognitive dissonance: the contemporaneous experience of conflicting attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors in a person. Utilizing cognitive dissonance involving moral schemas could be readily developed into primary prevention (“cognitive inoculation”) strategies. Similar to the Body Project, the participant would be better equipped to resist moral schemas and progression to an extreme overvalued belief. Education regarding internet cognitive isoforms could provide tools to counter misinformation or disinformation.
Spaces of Cultural Negotiation
Authors: Berruezo-Sánchez Diana 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines literary, visual, and historical sources that are testament to black Africans playing music and singing in houses, streets, taverns, and confraternities. It explores three broad categories of spaces—streets, courts, and ships—as sites of cultural negotiation for black musicians and performers. The agency of black musicians and dancers and the limitations placed upon them are further illuminated by considering two very different black figures: Joan Domingo Moreno, a black man in mid-sixteenth-century Valencia; and Francisco the Meneses, a black man who paid for his manumission with money earned from dancing. Both stories confirm that city streets in particular were a productive space of cultural and social negotiation for black people in early modern Spain.