bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in distribution of Greenland halibut in a varying environment
Authors: Morgan M. J. , Garabana D. , Rideout R. M. , Román E. , Pérez-Rodríguez A. , Saborido-Rey F. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractMorgan, M. J., Garabana, D., Rideout, R. M., Román, E., Pérez-Rodriguez, A. and Saborido-Rey, F. 2013. Changes in distribution of Greenland halibut in a varying environment. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 352–361. Fish are expected to respond to changing oceanographic temperature by altering their distribution. Off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada, there have been major changes in oceanographic temperature over the last several decades, with both record cold and record warm years being observed. Greenland halibut is an important flatfish species in the area, and is distributed in deep waters over a very wide geographic range. Thus, it might be buffered from temperature change in the overall area by reduced temperature variation at depth, and the diverse temperature conditions over its wide range. We examined intrapopulation variation in temperature and depth distribution, and the biological changes in relation to changes in available temperature. On the Flemish Cap, variation in available temperature was limited, and changes in depth were related to changing age composition and the differential depth distribution with age/size. In other areas there was a larger decline in available temperature, and associated with this, Greenland halibut moved to deeper waters and occupied warmer temperatures than they had previously. Concurrently, growth declined and condition increased. This study shows that shifts in distribution may not result in maintenance of homogeneous environmental conditions, and that resulting biological changes will be difficult to predict.
Determinants of kidney oxygen consumption and their relationship to tissue oxygen tension in diabetes and hypertension
Authors: Hansell Peter , Welch William J , Blantz Roland C , Palm Fredrik 
Published: November 2012

Summary

The high renal oxygen (O2) demand is associated primarily with tubular O2 consumption (Qo2) necessary for solute reabsorption. Increasing O2 delivery relative to demand via increased blood flow results in augmented tubular electrolyte load following elevated glomerular filtration, which, in turn, increases metabolic demand. Consequently, elevated kidney metabolism results in decreased tissue oxygen tension.

The metabolic efficiency for solute transport (Qo2/TNa) varies not only between different nephron sites, but also under different conditions of fluid homeostasis and disease. Contributing mechanisms include the presence of different Na+ transporters, different levels of oxidative stress and segmental tubular dysfunction.

Sustained hyperglycaemia results in increased kidney Qo2, partly due to mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced electrolyte transport efficiency. This results in intrarenal tissue hypoxia because the increased Qo2 is not matched by a similar increase in O2 delivery.

Hypertension leads to renal hypoxia, mediated by increased angiotensin receptor tonus and oxidative stress. Reduced uptake in the proximal tubule increases load to the thick ascending limb. There, the increased load is reabsorbed, but at greater O2 cost. The combination of hypertension, angiotensin II and oxidative stress initiates events leading to renal damage and reduced function.

Tissue hypoxia is now recognized as a unifying pathway to chronic kidney disease. We have gained good knowledge about major changes in O2 metabolism occurring in diabetic and hypertensive kidneys. However, further efforts are needed to elucidate how these alterations can be prevented or reversed before translation into clinical practice.
Use of a Finite Element Model of Heat Transport in the Human Eye to Predict Time of Death
Authors: Smart Jimmy L. , Kaliszan Michal 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe goal of this work was to compare human temperature decay curves generated from execution of a COMSOL Multiphysics® finite element software model with that of experimental postmortem temperature decay curves. Experiments were performed in 10 human cadavers. The postmortem temperature was continuously measured in human eyeballs and rectums from c. 3 h up to 15 h postmortem. Model‐generated curves reflected experimental curves for 10 cases with coefficients of determination ranging from 0.9448 to 0.9953. From modeling efforts, normalized temperature decay curves were generated to aid first responders to estimate time of death within the early postmortem period of 0–24 h. This proposed model has advantages over other models in that it is applied to the human eyeball, where temperature plateau effects are minimal to nonexistent. Nevertheless, the proposed model can be adjusted to compensate for any temperature plateau effects that do exist. It also can take account of antemortem hyperthermia conditions that are known to have occurred. The current model only applies to natural environmental conditions, with no forced convection, no direct sunlight, immersion in water, or other unusual conditions.
Postoperative Cervical Soft Tissue Hemorrhage with Acute Upper Airway Obstruction
Authors: Quick Esther , Byard Roger W. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractCervical surgery may be complicated by acute upper airway obstruction due to hematoma formation. Two cases are reported following cervical surgery where stridor, respiratory distress, and lethal airway occlusion resulted from hemorrhage that did not arise from large vessels. Case 1: A 50‐year‐old man who had an elective anterior fusion of C5‐6 vertebrae developed marked neck swelling and stridor. At autopsy, there was significant cervical interstitial hemorrhage and edema. Major vessels were intact. Case 2: An 86‐year‐old man who underwent a carotid endarterectomy developed stridor and swelling of his neck. At autopsy, there was extensive interstitial hemorrhage and edema within the soft tissues of the neck. The endarterectomy site was intact. Both deaths were due to upper airway obstruction from postoperative cervical interstitial hemorrhage with no large vessel damage identified. Hemorrhage from small vessels may therefore lead to critical soft tissue hematoma formation and edema with airway obstruction and death.
Circular Saw‐Associated Fatality Mimicking Gunshot Injury
Authors: Hejna Petr , Zátopková Lenka , Šafr Miroslav , Straka Lubomír 
Published: November 2012

AbstractA 61‐year‐old man was found dead in the yard of his house with penetrating injury of the trunk. Initial examination of the body revealed a single penetrating injury on his chest with a collar abrasion—the injury pattern that is similar to a gunshot entry wound or shored exit wound. According to witnesses, the man had cut wooden frames from old windows with a circular saw. X‐rays of the torso revealed a contrast object resembling a projectile in the left scapular region. The internal examination disclosed an isolated trunk trauma involving the left lung. In the soft tissue, between the inner edge of the left scapula and thoracic spine, the fragment of a metal nail was found. The autopsy confirmed that the wound on the chest was a non‐firearm‐related injury. The death of deceased was attributed to massive internal hemorrhage. Further investigation revealed that the pseudo‐gunshot wound injury of the trunk of the victim was caused by a fast‐flying metal object thrown against the man's trunk from a circular saw while cutting the wooden beams of old windows.
Influence of parameter settings in automated scoring of AFLPs on population genetic analysis
Authors: Herrmann Marc , Holderegger Rolf , Van Strien Maarten J. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractThe use of procedures for the automated scoring of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) fragments has recently increased. Corresponding software does not only automatically score the presence or absence of AFLP fragments, but also allows an evaluation of how different settings of scoring parameters influence subsequent population genetic analyses. In this study, we used the automated scoring package rawgeno to evaluate how five scoring parameters influence the number of polymorphic bins and estimates of pairwise genetic differentiation between populations (Fst). Steps were implemented in r to automatically run the scoring process in rawgeno for a set of different parameter combinations. While we found the scoring parameters minimum bin width and minimum number of samples per bin to have only weak influence on pairwise Fst values, maximum bin width and bin reproducibility had much stronger effects. The minimum average bin fluorescence scoring parameter affected Fst values in an only moderate way. At a range of scoring parameters around the default settings of rawgeno, the number of polymorphic bins as well as pairwise Fst values stayed rather constant. This study thus shows the particularities of AFLP scoring, be it either manual or automatical, can have profound effects on subsequent population genetic analysis.
Prevention and Therapy of Alcohol Withdrawal on Intensive Care Units: Systematic Review of Controlled Trials
Authors: Ungur Lavinius A. , Neuner Bruno , John Susanne , Wernecke Klaus , Spies Claudia 
Published: November 2012

BackgroundAlcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) occurs in 16 to 31% of intensive care unit (ICU) patients after cessation of sedation. There exist many preventive and therapeutic strategies, but no systematic review (SR) has been published on this topic so far. We aimed to perform a synopsis of all controlled trials of AWS prevention and therapy in ICU published between 1971 and 30 March 2011 following the “Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses” (PRISMA) statement.MethodsWe performed a MEDLINE search with the terms “alcohol” AND “ICU” as well as “alcohol withdrawal” AND “intensive care.” All publications that matched our eligibility criteria were analyzed according to our predefined criteria.ResultsWe identified 6 controlled trials about AWS prevention and 8 about AWS therapy in ICUs. For AWS prevention, benzodiazepines (BZO), ethanol (EtOH), and clonidine were evaluated as single agents, and BZO, clonidine, clomethiazol and haloperidol were studied in drug combinations. All evaluated single agents and combinations were found to be effective for AWS prevention. Clomethiazol was found to be associated with a higher tracheobronchitis rate and thus disadvised for critically ill patients. For AWS therapy, BZO, gamma‐hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), and clomethiazol were evaluated in randomized controlled trials as single agents and phenobarbital, clonidine, and haloperidol as adjuncts. All evaluated regimens were found to be effective for AWS therapy. Overall, in the ICU, BZO were found to be superior to GHB and clomethiazol regarding safety and efficacy. Furthermore, 4 cohort trials with historical control groups evaluated the effect of the implementation of a standardized protocol of BZO therapy for AWS in ICUs. All of these 4 studies found better outcome for the intervention groups.ConclusionsBased on the evidence of this SR, EtOH or BZO can be advised for AWS prevention on ICU patients with alcohol dependence, but EtOH is not allowed for therapy of AWS. AWS therapy should be standardized and based on symptom‐triggered BZO administration. Alpha2‐agonists and haloperidol should be added for autonomic and productive psychotic symptoms.
Serum CA 19‐9 as a prognostic factor in patients with metastatic gastric cancer
Authors: Jo Jae‐Cheol , Ryu Min‐Hee , Koo Dong‐Hoe , Ryoo Baek‐Yeol , Kim Hwa Jung , Kim Tae Won , Choi Kee Don , Lee Gin Hyug , Jung Hwoon‐Yong , Yook Jeong Hwan , Oh Sung Tae , Kim Byung Sik , Kim Jin‐Ho , Kang Yoon‐Koo 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate tumor markers as prognostic factors in patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer receiving first‐line chemotherapy.MethodsBetween January 2000 and December 2008, 1178 patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer were assayed for expression of three serum tumor markers, CA 19‐9, CA 72‐4 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), prior to the initiation of first‐line chemotherapy.ResultsElevated serum concentrations of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19‐9 (>37 U/mL), CA 72‐4 (>4 U/mL) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) (>6 ng/mL) were observed in 38, 56 and 33% of patients, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that elevated serum concentration of each of the three markers, CA 19‐9 (P = 0.001), CA 72‐4 (P = 0.001) and CEA (P = 0.030), was significantly associated with poor patient prognosis. However, multivariate analysis showed that an elevated CA 19‐9 concentration only was significantly associated with shorter survival (hazard ratio [HR] 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08–1.37, P = 0.002). In the good risk and moderate risk groups, previously defined by clinical factors alone, survival was significantly lower in patients with elevated CA 19‐9 (P < 0.001 and P = 0.021, respectively), but this difference was not observed in the poor‐risk group.ConclusionElevated serum CA 19‐9 concentration in patients with metastatic or recurrent gastric cancer, especially in good or moderate risk groups, is an independent negative predictor of prognosis.
Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in the pre‐operative staging of rectal adenocarcinoma: Experience from a regional Australian cancer center
Authors: White Rohen , Ung Kim Ann , Mathlum Maitham 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimSelection of the optimal treatment pathway in patients with rectal adenocarcinoma relies on accurate locoregional staging. This study aims to assess the accuracy of staging with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and in particular, its accuracy in differentiating patients with early stage disease from those with more advanced disease who benefit from a different treatment approach.MethodsPatients who were staged with MRI and received surgery as the first line of treatment for biopsy‐proven adenocarcinoma of the rectum were identified. Comparison was made between the clinical stage on MRI and the pathological stage of the surgical specimen. The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of MRI was assessed.ResultsIn all, 58 eligible patients were identified. In 31% of patients, the extent of disease was underrepresented on preoperative MRI. Sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of anorectal MRI in detecting stage II/III disease status in this cohort was 59, 71 and 62%, respectively.ConclusionMRI underestimated the pathological stage in many patients in this series who may have benefited from the addition of neoadjuvant radiotherapy to their management. This study supports further refinement of preoperative staging and demonstrates that impressive results from highly controlled settings may be difficult to reproduce in community practice.
Substance P antagonist improves both obesity and asthma in a mouse model
Authors: Ramalho R. , Almeida J. , Beltrão M. , Pirraco A. , Costa R. , Sokhatska O. , Guardão L. , Palmares C. , Guimarães J. T. , Delgado L. , Moreira A. , Soares R. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests a causal relationship between obesity and asthma; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Substance P (SP), involved in neurogenic inflammation by acting through its receptor NK1‐R, seems to participate in obese–asthma phenotype in mice.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of a selective substance P receptor antagonist on a mouse model of diet‐induced obesity and asthma.MethodsDiet‐induced obese Balb/c mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) and treated with a selective NK1‐R antagonist or placebo. Serum glucose, insulin, IL‐6, resistin, and OVA‐specific IgE levels were quantified. A score for peribronchial inflammation in lung histology was used. Cells were counted in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Adipocyte sizes were measured.ResultsOvalbumin‐obese mice treated with NK1‐R antagonist had lower weight (P = 0.0002), reduced daily food intake (P = 0.0021), reduced daily energy intake (P = 0.0021), reduced surface adipocyte areas (P < 0.0001), lower serum glucose (P = 0.04), lower serum insulin (P = 0.03), lower serum IL‐(P = 0.0022), lower serum resistin (P = 0.0043), lower serum OVA‐specific IgE (P = 0.035), and lower peribronchial inflammation score (P < 0.0001) than nontreated OVA‐obese mice. We observed an interaction between obesity, allergen sensitization, and treatment with NK1‐R antagonist for metabolic and systemic biomarkers, and for allergen sensitization and bronchial inflammation, showing a synergy between these variables.Conclusion & Clinical RelevanceIn an experimental model of obesity and asthma in mice, NK1‐R blockade improved metabolic and systemic biomarkers, as well as allergen sensitization and bronchial inflammation. These positive effects support a common pathway in the obese–asthma phenotype and highlight SP as a target with potential clinical interest in the obese–asthma epidemics.
Vitamin C administration attenuates overload‐induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy in rats
Authors: Makanae Y. , Kawada S. , Sasaki K. , Nakazato K. , Ishii N. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAimThis study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin C administration on skeletal muscle hypertrophy induced by mechanical overload in rats.MethodsMale Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups: (i) sham‐operated group (n = 8), (ii) placebo‐administered group (n = 8) and (iii) vitamin C‐administered group (n = 8). In the placebo‐administered and vitamin C‐administered groups, the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the right hindlimb were surgically removed to overload the plantaris muscle. Vitamin C (500 mg kg−1) was orally administered to the vitamin C‐administered group once a day for 14 days.ResultsSynergist muscle ablation caused significant increases in wet weight and protein concentration of the plantaris muscle in both the placebo‐administered (P < 0.01) and vitamin C‐administered groups (P < 0.01) compared with the sham‐operated group (SHA). However, the magnitude of plantaris muscle hypertrophy (expressed as a percentage of the contralateral plantaris muscle) was significantly smaller (P < 0.01) in the vitamin C‐administered group (141%) than in the placebo‐administered group (PLA) (152%). Compared with the SHA, only the PLA showed higher expressions of phosphorylated p70s6k and Erk1/2 (positive regulators of muscle protein synthesis) and a lower expression of atrogin‐1 (a muscle atrophy marker). Concentrations of vitamin C and oxidative stress markers in the overloaded muscle were similar between the placebo‐administered and vitamin C‐administered groups.ConclusionOral vitamin C administration can attenuate overload‐induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy, which may have implications for antioxidant supplementation during exercise training.
3‐Hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (fluvastatin) decreases inflammatory angiogenesis in mice
Authors: Araújo Fernanda A. , Rocha Monaliza A. , Capettini Luciano S. A. , Campos Paula P. , Ferreira Mônica A. N. D. , Lemos Virginia S. , Andrade Silvia P. 
Published: November 2012

Statins, 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG‐CoA) reductase inhibitors, have been shown to ameliorate a number of vascular diseases. We evaluated the inflammatory and angiogenic components of the fibrovascular tissue induced by subcutaneous implants in mice and their modulation by fluvastatin. Our results showed that the statin (0.6 and 6 mg/kg/day) inhibited hemoglobin (Hb) content (51%) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels (71%) in the treated group compared with the control group. The inflammatory component, as assessed by N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase activity and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) level was also decreased by the compound. In the treated group; the inhibition of the enzyme activity was 33% and the cytokine was 67% relative to the control. In these implants the statin was also able to decrease nitric oxide (NO) production, detected with an NO‐sensitive electrode. To our knowledge this is the first study demonstrating an inhibitory role of fluvastatin on the production of NO in inflammatory angiogenesis of newly formed fibrovascular tissue.
Sexual size dimorphism in greater mouse‐eared bat Myotis myotis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from a Mediterranean region
Authors: Lisón Fulgencio , Haz Ángeles , González‐Revelles Carlos , Calvo José F. 
Published: November 2012

AbstractAlthough sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is common among mammals, there is no clear explanation for its maintenance in nature. Bats are one of the few groups of mammals where reverse SSD appears. In this group, the size of individuals may have very important ecological consequences related with flight. In this study, we examine sexual dimorphism in the wing measurements of 195 adult individuals (141 males and 54 females) of the greater mouse‐eared bat Myotis myotis in the south‐east of the Iberian Peninsula. We also investigated size differences between paired and single males in a swarming roost. The results indicate that there are significant differences in the wing measurements between sexes, females being bigger than males in this respect. While no significant differences in the wing measurements of paired and single males were observed, significant differences were found in their relative weight and fitness, single males being significantly heavier and having a better physical condition. We discuss the implications of SSD for the female of M. myotis in terms of reproductive advantages, trophic niche segregation and a greater ability to move, which may favour gene flow between populations.