bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetazolamide suppresses the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma induced by diethylnitrosamine in Wistar albino rats
Authors: Tamim Yomna M. , Soliman Mohamed L. , Sayed Moataz M. , Abdul‐Rasheed Muhammad S. , Nagy Ahmed A. , Abdellah Ahmed M. , Osman Ahmed H. , Ismail Amel F. M. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be the most prevalent type of liver cancer worldwide. Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced HCC is an extensively used hepatic cancer model in experimental animals. Acetazolamide (AZA) is a carbonic anhydrase enzyme inhibitor. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic mechanism of AZA against DEN‐induced HCC. Thirty male Wistar albino rats were divided equally into three groups. Group I (C): control group, Group II (HCC): DEN‐induced HCC, and Group III (HCC/AZA): AZA‐treated HCC. Verification of the HCC induced by DEN was confirmed by elevated liver enzymes' activities, and increased α‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels, as well as distinct liver architecture changes. On the other hand, the AZA‐treated HCC group experienced decreases in the activities of serum liver enzymes and AFP levels, as well as, regulated liver architecture. Additionally, it downregulated p‐p38 MAPK/p‐JNK1/JNK2/p‐C‐Jun/p‐NF‐κB p65 protein expressions. Moreover, it ameliorated autophagy by controlling the expression of the p‐AMPK/p‐mTOR1/LC3 I/II proteins. Furthermore, it downregulated the relative gene expressions of carbonic anhydrase‐IX (CAIX) and hexokinase‐II (HKII). Histopathological examination of AZA‐treated HCC liver tissues supported these findings. Conclusion: AZA provides a new dimension in ameliorating experimentally induced HCC through regulation of hepatic biomarkers, antioxidant status, inflammatory markers, and autophagy, mediated by amelioration of CAIX and HKII gene expressions.
Floating debris and organisms can raft to Antarctic coasts from all major Southern Hemisphere landmasses
Authors: Dawson Hannah R. S. , England Matthew H. , Morrison Adele K. , Tamsitt Veronica , Fraser Ceridwen I. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAntarctica's unique marine ecosystems are threatened by the arrival of non‐native marine species on rafting ocean objects. The harsh environmental conditions in Antarctica prevent the establishment of many such species, but warming around the continent and the opening up of ice‐free regions may already be reducing these barriers. Although recent genomic work has revealed that rafts—potentially carrying diverse coastal passengers—reach Antarctica from sub‐Antarctic islands, Antarctica's vulnerability to incursions from Southern Hemisphere continents remains unknown. Here we use 0.1° global ocean model simulations to explore whether drift connections exist between more northern, temperate landmasses and the Antarctic coastline. We show that passively floating objects can drift to Antarctica not only from sub‐Antarctic islands, but also from continental locations north of the Subtropical Front including Australia, South Africa, South America and Zealandia. We find that the Antarctic Peninsula is the region at highest risk for non‐native species introductions arriving by natural oceanic dispersal, highlighting the vulnerability of this region, which is also at risk from introductions via ship traffic and rapid warming. The widespread connections with sub‐Antarctic and temperate landmasses, combined with an increasing abundance of marine anthropogenic rafting vectors, poses a growing risk to Antarctic marine ecosystems, especially as environmental conditions around Antarctica are projected to become more suitable for non‐native species in the future.
‘Mum Added You’ Managing Transnational Aged Care Arrangements Through Family WhatsApp Groups
Authors: Tawodzera Obert 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTIncreasing global migration and (im)mobilities are affecting the provision of aged care in transnational families. Such families rely on digital communication technologies like WhatsApp to manage and maintain aged care obligations across borders. This study investigates the role of WhatsApp family groups in enabling transnational families to manage transnational aged care from a distance. I draw on interviews with three transnational family constellations with members in the United Kingdom and Zimbabwe. The study finds that WhatsApp family groups create a virtual home where Zimbabwean transnational families can plan, organise and deliver care to their ageing parents. However, managing transnational aged care through WhatsApp family groups can also pose problems, especially for migrants pressured to remit. Furthermore, gendered assumptions of care and asymmetrical power relationships entrenched in families are reinforced. The study contributes to the literature on transnational care and new technologies, providing a Zimbabwean perspective on co‐presence and mediated aged care practices.
Seven‐Day Vonoprazan‐Based Triple Therapy as First‐Line Helicobacter pylori Treatment in Comparison With Extended Sequential Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chiu Yu‐Tse , Lee Fu‐Jen , Kuo Chen‐Ya , Chen Yu‐Tsung , Lin Yang‐Chao , Liang Kai‐Shun , Wu Chun‐Ying , Lin Ro‐Ting , Lin Jaw‐Town , Chang Chi‐Yang 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundVonoprazan, a potassium‐competitive acid blocker, has demonstrated greater potency and a longer duration of acid suppression when compared to the proton pump inhibitors. However, data regarding the comparison between vonoprazan‐based triple therapy with standard treatment for first‐line Helicobacter pylori treatment are limited. This study aimed to compare the efficacy between 7‐day vonoprazan‐based triple therapy with high‐dose amoxicillin (VAC‐7) and 14‐day extended sequential therapy (S‐14).Materials and MethodsThis was a single‐center prospective randomized controlled trial following a noninferiority design. Subjects over 20 years old with confirmed H. pylori infection were enrolled prospectively from Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital. They were randomly assigned to the VAC‐7 or S‐14 group. The primary endpoint was the eradication rate in first‐line treatment, evaluated by urea breath test, with noninferiority determined using the Farrington–Manning method. The secondary outcome included adverse effect rates and compliance, assessed through self‐administered questionnaires.ResultsBetween December 2021 and June 2023, a total of 628 patients were recruited. The eradication rates by per‐protocol analysis and intention‐to‐treat analysis were 88.6%/81.8% for VAC‐7 and 90.3%/81.4% for S‐14, respectively. The VAC‐7 was non‐inferior to S‐14 in terms of ITT analysis. Subjects experienced fewer incidences of nausea, anorexia, dizziness, fatigue, and any severe adverse events in the VAC‐7 group. Compliance was higher in the VAC‐7 group, with 94% taking all the pills correctly.ConclusionsOur findings supported the use of 7‐day vonoprazan triple therapy with high‐dose amoxicillin as the standard first‐line treatment for H. pylori infection.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05371249
Single domain antibody: Development and application in biotechnology and biopharma
Authors: Yu Ting , Zheng Fang , He Wenbo , Muyldermans Serge , Wen Yurong 
Published: August 2024

SummaryHeavy‐chain antibodies (HCAbs) are a unique type of antibodies devoid of light chains, and comprised of two heavy chains‐only that recognize their cognate antigen by virtue of a single variable domain also referred to as VHH, single domain antibody (sdAb), or nanobody (Nb). These functional HCAbs, serendipitous discovered about three decades ago, are exclusively found in camelids, comprising dromedaries, camels, llamas, and vicugnas. Nanobodies have become an essential tool in biomedical research and medicine, both in diagnostics and therapeutics due to their beneficial properties: small size, high stability, strong antigen‐binding affinity, low immunogenicity, low production cost, and straightforward engineering into more potent affinity reagents. The occurrence of HCAbs in camelids remains intriguing. It is believed to be an evolutionary adaptation, equipping camelids with a robust adaptive immune defense suitable to respond to the pressure from a pathogenic invasion necessitating a more profound antigen recognition and neutralization. This evolutionary innovation led to a simplified HCAb structure, possibly supported by genetic mutations and drift, allowing adaptive mutation and diversification in the heavy chain variable gene and constant gene regions. Beyond understanding their origins, the application of nanobodies has significantly advanced over the past 30 years. Alongside expanding laboratory research, there has been a rapid increase in patent application for nanobodies. The introduction of commercial nanobody drugs such as Cablivi, Nanozora, Envafolimab, and Carvykti has boosted confidence among in their potential. This review explores the evolutionary history of HCAbs, their ontogeny, and applications in biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, focusing on approved and ongoing medical research pipelines.
Delayed fracture of ion‐exchange strengthened alkali‐aluminosilicate glass
Authors: Aaldenberg Jared S. , Kemmerer Marvin W. , Webb James E. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDelayed fracture occurs when cracks grow subcritically prior to achieving KIC. Glass science research in this area has focused almost exclusively on non ion‐exchanged glasses. In this study, an ion‐exchange strengthened aluminosilicate glass was intentionally damaged to measure delayed fracture behavior. Damage was applied both pre and post ion‐exchange and the role of heat‐treatments was investigated. It was found that the delayed fracture likelihood was reduced for samples that were heat‐treated in an environment containing water vapor. An increase in the static fatigue limit was measured for increasing temperature and it was hypothesized that crack toughening takes place during the heat‐treatment due to a water‐assisted stress relaxation mechanism.
Strain phase equilibria and phase‐field method of ferroelectric polydomain: A case study of monoclinic KxNa1 − xNbO3 thin films
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhou Meng‐Jun , Ladera Adriana , Chen Long‐Qing 
Published: August 2024

AbstractKnowledge of the thermodynamic equilibria and domain structures of ferroelectrics is critical to establishing their structure–property relationships that underpin their applications from piezoelectric devices to nonlinear optics. Here, we establish the strain condition for strain phase separation and polydomain formation and analytically predict the corresponding domain volume fractions and wall orientations of, relatively low symmetry and theoretically more challenging, monoclinic ferroelectric thin films by integrating thermodynamics of ferroelectrics, strain phase equilibria theory, microelasticity, and phase‐field method. Using monoclinic KxNa1 − xNbO3(0.5 < x < 1.0) thin films as a model system, we establish the polydomain strain–strain phase diagrams, from which we identify two types of monoclinic polydomain structures. The analytically predicted strain conditions of formation, domain volume fractions, and domain wall orientations for the two polydomain structures are consistent with phase‐field simulations and in good agreement with experimental results in the literature. The present study demonstrates a general, powerful analytical theoretical framework to predict the strain phase equilibria and domain wall orientations of polydomain structures applicable to both high‐ and low‐symmetry ferroelectrics and provide fundamental insights into the equilibrium domain structures of ferroelectric KxNa1 − xNbO3 thin films that are of technology relevance for lead‐free dielectric and piezoelectric applications.
Enhancement of optically chargeable capacity by heterojunction construction via precipitation in Li‐doped sodium niobate
Authors: Li Ziyong , Qin Mengnan , Lei Yanzhou , Gao Shuang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDue to the depletion of fossil fuels, extensive CO2 emissions, and growing demand for electrochemical energy, it is important to develop further utilization of renewable energy, as well as advanced energy storage techniques. To this end, the optically chargeable supercapacitor, which can convert the photon energy of solar light into electrochemical energy and store it for long‐term usage, attracts extensive investigations. Among these, heterojunction construction was revealed as an effective method to enhance capacity. Recent works have reported the implementations of precipitation in ceramics, where the introduced matrix‐precipitate two‐phase structure is inspiring for constructing heterojunction, whereas it was seldom reported. In this work, Li‐doped NaNbO3 electrode material was prepared by adopting a multi‐step solid reaction to precipitate LiNbO3 and construct LiNbO3/NaNbO3 heterojunctions. The electrochemical measurement demonstrates an enhanced optically chargeable capacity of roughly 85% increase at a scan rate of 1 mV/s and a four‐fold increase at a charging–discharging current density of 1 A/g, as well as outstanding stability by introducing precipitates and constructing heterojunctions. This finding proposes a novel methodology design of heterojunction construction via precipitation to enhance the optically chargeable capacity of supercapacitor electrode materials and, therefore, may open up a potentially new application field for precipitate‐tuned functionality in functional ceramics.
Thermal cycling behavior of Srx(Zr0.9Y0.05Yb0.05)O1.95+x thermal barrier coatings by suspension plasma spraying
Authors: Feng Xueying , Bai Yu , Gao Yuanming , Liu Jiong , Zheng Fei , Li Rongxing , Ma Wen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) consisting of Srx(Zr0.9Y0.05Yb0.05)O1.95+x were prepared using the suspension plasma spraying (SPS) method. Precursor suspensions were prepared via co‐precipitation for this purpose. Detailed microstructural, phase composition, and phase content analyses were conducted on these coatings, designated as SZYY‐1 (x = 1.0), SZYY‐2 (x = 0.9), and SZYY‐3 (x = 0.8). Additionally, the coatings underwent a thermal cycling test at 1121°C for 1 h. To assess the morphology of thermally grown oxide (TGO) in a real coating, a finite element model was employed. SPS‐SZYY‐2 with columnar crystal structure was found to have the highest number of thermal cycling, up to 345 times. The thermophysical high‐temperature properties of the coating can be effectively improved through suitable second‐phase content. Microstructural and finite element analyses revealed that stress, primarily caused by the continuous growth of the Co3O4, NiO and Spinel (CNS) layer within TGO, was the predominant factor leading to coating failure. At elevated temperatures, transverse cracks formed at the interface between the bond coating and ceramic top coating due to mismatched thermal expansion and sintering effects, ultimately leading to coating degradation. Therefore, reducing the generation rate of large stresses in the coating, especially shear stresses, can effectively prevent the generation and propagation of transverse cracks and increase the thermal cycling life of TBCs.
Frozen in time: A review of non‐ergodic physical systems
Authors: Bossen Aaron M. , Mauro John C. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe common feature of non‐ergodic systems is an internal timescale that greatly exceeds the external observational timescale . This kinetic state of broken ergodicity occurs in many systems, with profound thermodynamic implications. In this work, we present a review of non‐ergodic physical systems focused on the common origins of non‐ergodic behavior across diverse material systems. We begin with a theoretical discussion of energy landscapes and two treatments of thermodynamics in broken ergodic systems. We then discuss several characteristic material classes that exhibit non‐ergodic behavior, describing the process of ergodic breakdown and its signatures for each. The disordered nature and frustration of different energetic interactions in the example systems are discussed as the possible origin of non‐ergodic dynamics. We conclude with several considerations that can assist in the identification of non‐ergodic behavior. This review intends to unify the behavior of a diverse group of physical systems with a common description to aid future discussions between these fields of study.
Mechanochemical dehydration and crystallization of supersaturated zirconia–alumina composite nano powders
Authors: Huang Yilei , Yang Hongbing , Zhao Ruoshi , Wang Chang‐An , Dong Yanhao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractZirconia/alumina composites are a family of structural ceramics with excellent mechanical properties. In order to improve the engineering reliability of this kind of composites, the uniform spatial distribution of the two phases is necessary. One of the effective methods to achieve this goal is to synthesize uniform zirconia–alumina composite nano powders. Here, we report mechanochemical synthesis of zirconia–alumina composite nano powders, in which dehydration and crystallization of Zr–Y–Al hydroxide can be achieved under milling conditions, leading to the formation of the tetragonal zirconia phase with supersaturated Al3+. The mechanochemically synthesized powders have the uniform element distribution and a fine primary crystallite size of around 11 nm. After sintering at 1400°C, t‐ZrO2/α‐Al2O3 composite with the uniform phase distribution and grain size distribution could be obtained. To uncover the full benefits of these supersaturated composite powders in ceramic processing, future work could be done to break up the deagglomerations and improve the sinterability of the mechanochemically synthesized zirconia/alumina powders.
Syrian refugee women's experiences of barriers to mental health services for postpartum depression
Authors: Salameh Taghreed N. , Sakarya Sibel , Acarturk Ceren , Hall Lynne A. , Al‐Modallal Hanan , Jakalat Suad S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo describe Syrian refugee women's experiences of the barriers to access mental health services for postpartum depression (PPD).DesignA descriptive qualitative study was conducted.MethodsFifteen purposefully selected Syrian refugee women who scored ≥10 on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale participated in the semi‐structured telephone interviews. Transcripts were coded verbatim and analysed thematically according to the dimensions of Levesque's model of patient‐centred access to healthcare. Data were collected between August 2022 and February 2023.ResultsFive themes with 14 subthemes were identified: (1) approachability covered lack of knowledge and misconceptions related to PPD and its treatment, lack of awareness of available psychosocial services and perceived need of mental health treatment; (2) acceptability comprised being a refugee, stigma of mental illness, cultural preferences of healthcare provider and language barrier; (3) availability and accommodation encompassed transportation barrier and location of the centre, no support for childcare and lack of time; (4) affordability included financial difficulties and health insurance coverage; (5) appropriateness comprised no screening for PPD and intermittent services with limited focus on mental health.ConclusionsThe findings of this study reveal that Syrian refugee women experienced multi‐faceted complex barriers to access mental health services for PPD. It is important for health professionals, including nurses, and policymakers to address the cultural mental health needs of this population and establish strategies to protect their legal and health rights.ImpactOur study has important practice and policy implications for establishing strategies designed specifically for refugee mothers to mitigate their perceived barriers to PPD treatment and ultimately improve their mental health.Reporting MethodThe Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research was used.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution. Participants were Syrian refugee women with PPD symptoms and contributed only to the interviews and member checking.
Cognitive and functional change in skilled nursing facilities: Differences by delirium and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias
Authors: Saczynski Jane S. , Koethe Benjamin , Fick Donna Marie , Vo Quynh T. , Devlin John W. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Briesacher Becky A. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundWhether cognitive and functional recovery in skilled nursing facilities (SNF) following hospitalization differs by delirium and Alzheimer's disease related dementias (ADRD) has not been examined.ObjectiveTo compare change in cognition and function among short‐stay SNF patients with delirium, ADRD, or both.DesignRetrospective cohort study using claims data from 2011 to 2013.SettingCenters for Medicare and Medicaid certified SNFs.ParticipantsA total of 740,838 older adults newly admitted to a short‐stay SNF without prevalent ADRD who had at least two assessments of cognition and function.MeasurementsIncident delirium was measured by the Minimum Data Set (MDS) Confusion Assessment Method and ICD‐9 codes, and incident ADRD by ICD‐9 codes and MDS diagnoses. Cognitive improvement was a better or maximum score on the MDS Brief Interview for Mental Status, and functional recovery was a better or maximum score on the MDS Activities of Daily Living Scale.ResultsWithin 30 days of SNF admission, the rate of cognitive improvement in patients with both delirium/ADRD was half that of patients with neither delirium/ADRD (HR = 0.45, 95% CI:0.43, 0.46). The ADRD‐only and delirium‐only groups also were 43% less likely to have improved cognition or function compared to those with neither delirium/ADRD (HR = 0.57, 95% CI:0.56, 0.58 and HR = 0.57, 95% CI:0.55, 0.60, respectively). Functional improvement was less likely in patients with both delirium/ADRD, as well (HR = 0.85, 95% CI:0.83, 0.87). The ADRD only and delirium only groups were also less likely to improve in function (HR = 0.93, 95% CI:0.92, 0.94 and HR = 0.92, 95% CI:0.90, 0.93, respectively) compared to those with neither delirium/ADRD.ConclusionsAmong older adults without dementia admitted to SNF for post‐acute care following hospitalization, a positive screen for delirium and a new diagnosis of ADRD, within 7 days of SNF admission, were both significantly associated with worse cognitive and functional recovery. Patients with both delirium and new ADRD had the worst cognitive and functional recovery.
Diffusion distribution model for damage mitigation in scanning transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Moshtaghpour Amirafshar , Velazco‐Torrejon Abner , Nicholls Daniel , Robinson Alex W. , Kirkland Angus I. , Browning Nigel D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite the widespread use of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) for observing the structure of materials at the atomic scale, a detailed understanding of some relevant electron beam damage mechanisms is limited. Recent reports suggest that certain types of damage can be modelled as a diffusion process and that the accumulation effects of this process must be kept low in order to reduce damage. We therefore develop an explicit mathematical formulation of spatiotemporal diffusion processes in STEM that take into account both instrument and sample parameters. Furthermore, our framework can aid the design of Diffusion Controlled Sampling (DCS) strategies using optimally selected probe positions in STEM, that constrain the cumulative diffusion distribution. Numerical simulations highlight the variability of the cumulative diffusion distribution for different experimental STEM configurations. These analytical and numerical frameworks can subsequently be used for careful design of 2‐ and 4‐dimensional STEM experiments where beam damage is minimised.