bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Morphology and Functional Significance of Setae Called Papillae on the Pedipalps of Male Camel Spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae)
Authors: Cushing Paula E , Casto Patrick , Knowlton Elizabeth D , Royer Suzanne , Laudier Damien , Gaffin Douglas D , Prendini Lorenzo , Brookhart Jack O 
Published: February 2014

AbstractSome male camel spiders (Arachnida: Solifugae) in the families Eremobatidae, Karschiidae, and Solpugidae have clusters of specialized conical or acuminate setae called papillae, on the ventral surface of the metatarsus of the pedipalps. We compared the overall structure of the papillae found on representatives of the three families using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We examined the ultrastructure of these setae using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We also used extracellular electrophysiological recording techniques to examine the electrical properties of these sensory structures and test the hypotheses that they function as mechanoreceptors, olfactory receptors, and chemoreceptors.Wefound similarities in the structure of papillae among genera within a family or distinct family-level differences in structure. Thus, the papillae are phylogenetically informative; similar within family but differing between families. TEM results demonstrated the cuticular wall of a papilla is divided into three sublayers: endo-, meso-, and exocuticle. Mechanoreceptive dendrites are evident at the base of the setal shaft. Other dendrites innervate the shaft of the papilla and penetrate through the cuticular layers near the setal apex. Two SEM images show what appear to be pores on the branches of the papillae, and we found what appears to be a pore tubule extending from the distal portion of the dendrites through the exocuticular layer. Electrophysiological data support the hypothesis that the papillae function as mechanoreceptors and provide no support for chemosensory, thermoregulatory, or hygroreceptive functions. Our data suggest that the papillae function as mechanoreceptors and may also function as chemoreceptors.
Effects of Body Size, Diet, and Mating on the Fecundity and Longevity of the Goldspotted Oak Borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
Authors: Lopez Vanessa M , Hoddle Mark S 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The goldspotted oak borer, Agrilus auroguttatus Schaeffer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), is an invasive wood-borer that was recently introduced into southern California from southern Arizona, and has caused the rapid mortality of thousands of native oaks. Biological control of A. auroguttatus is a management strategy of high interest, but is in its early stages, which is due, in part, to a lack of information on the basic biology and life history of this beetle. To address this shortcoming, studies were conducted in quarantine on the realized lifetime fecundity of A. auroguttatus, which was determined by comparing oviposition and larval emergence rates of females subjected to different dietary and mating treatments. Longevity and body size were also recorded for male and female adults under these treatments. Mean A. auroguttatus lifetime oviposition and larval emergence were similar in females that were continuously paired with either one or two males. Virgin females laid significantly fewer eggs and no larval emergence resulted from unfertilized eggs. The number of mates did not affect mean A. auroguttatus adult longevity, but a carbohydrate-enriched diet increased both mean longevity and lifetime oviposition by as much as 46 and 250%, respectively. There was no correlation between adult body size and lifetime oviposition, days to initial oviposition, larval emergence, and adult longevity. However, hind tibia length was marginally correlated with total oviposition period. For mass rearing A. auroguttatus eggs in the laboratory, pairing females with one male and providing adults with a continuous diet of 10% honey-water and oak foliage is recommended.
Debris-Carrying in Larval Chrysopidae: Unraveling Its Evolutionary History
Authors: Tauber Catherine A , Tauber Maurice J , Albuquerque Gilberto S 
Published: February 2014

AbstractLarval debris-carrying, which occurs in many insect taxa, is a remarkable behavioral trait with substantial life history significance. For the Chrysopidae, information on the topic is scattered, and the habit's diversity and evolutionary history are unassessed. Here, we compile a comprehensive, annotated catalog on chrysopid debris-carrying and its associated larval morphology, and we identify emerging systematic patterns of variation, from larval nakedness to the construction of elaborate packets. Then, we examine these patterns in the context of available phylogenies with two objectives: 1) to begin unraveling the evolutionary history of chrysopid debris-carrying and 2) to evaluate the current and potential role of larval morphology (including debris-carrying modifications) in classification and phylogeny of this family. Debris-carrying: the literature revealed that debris-carrying occurs in the chrysopoid fossil record and in all three extant chrysopid subfamilies, including those proposed as basal (Nothochrysinae, Apochrysinae). Nevertheless, the family's ancestral state remains unresolved. The habit may have evolved at least once in Nothochrysinae or been lost several times. Larvae from only one genus of Apochrysinae are known, and they are debris-carriers. Each of the four tribes of the third subfamily, Chrysopinae, has distinctive debris-carrying characteristics. In ankylopterygine larvae, debris-carrying modifications seem relatively conserved. Among the ant-associated belonopterygine genera, debris-carrying is either highly evolved or, in one case, possibly absent. Within the large chrysopine tribe, nakedness and debris-carrying appear to have evolved independently numerous times; also, some reversals may have occurred. With one possible exception, leucochrysine genera have debris-carrying larvae. Larval morphology: scrutiny of the literature showed that all chrysopid genera whose larvae are known exhibit characteristic suites of anatomical structures related to carrying debris. Moreover, larval morphology provides strong (synapomorphic) evidence for the monophyly of four of the seven suprageneric chrysopid taxa: the subfamily Nothochrysinae and three of the four tribes of Chrysopinae (Ankylopterygini, Belonopterygini, and Leucochrysini). Larval morphological and debris-carrying characteristics appear to support some, but not all, previously proposed generic relationships within the tribe Chrysopini. Given the demonstrated potential advantages for including larval characters in chrysopid phylogenetic studies, it is essential to enhance the pool of available larval data. Therefore, we propose that citizen-scientists be involved in gathering verifiable data and that systematists develop comprehensive data matrices for comparative larval studies.
Soil Quality Influences Efficacy of Melia azedarach (Sapindales: Meliaceae), Fruit Extracts Against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Sousa Lorena A D De , Costa Deomar P Da , Ferri Pedro H , Showler Allan T , Borges Lígia M F 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Hexane extract of chinaberry, Melia azedarach L., unripe fruits obtained from different municipalities of Goiás State, Brazil, were evaluated on the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), engorged females. Hexanic extracts were assayed in decreasing concentrations from 0.25 to 0.0156% to determine effects on egg production and hatching. Efficacy on engorged females decreased as a result of the extracts from Goiânia (100%), Professor Jamil (97.5 ± 3.0%), Pirenópolis (95.1 ± 2.4%), Morrinhos (86.8 ± 9.4%), Caturaí (41.8 ± 29.3%), and Bela Vista de Goiás (17.1 ± 0.9%) municipalities. Canonical redundancy analysis indicated that the extract bioactivity was positively correlated with soil Ca2+, Mg2+, and P and negatively correlated with silt, K+, potential acidity, and organic matter. This study demonstrates that M. azedarach hexanic extract can dramatically reduce R. (B.) microplus reproductive capacity and that efficacy is strongly influenced by differences in soil constituents between collection sites.
Atomic group rotation mechanism of {1013} twinning in HCP materials
Authors: Jiang Shan , Zeng Bin , Douadji Lyes 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
In this paper the mechanism of {1013} twinning was studied through the application of the atomic group rotation model. The atomic displacement vectors of some selected atoms were calculated and the general formulas for calculating the displacement vectors of the twinning atoms were obtained; the atomic group rotation mechanism was then proposed. It was found that two types of alternately distributed atomic groups exist in {1013} twinning as in {1011} twinning. The atomic groups rotate by an angle of 6.3°, and a relative displacement magnitude of 0.539a is produced. The larger relative displacement magnitude produced during twinning may be the reason that {1013} twinning occurs more rarely than {1011} twinning.
Fabrication of Gasar made from Cu-24 wt.% Mn alloy
Authors: Zhang Xingming , Li Yanxiang , Liu Yuan , Zhang Huawei 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Unidirectionally solidified porous Cu-24 wt.% Mn alloy is prepared by the Gasar process, using mold casting equipment under various conditions. The experimental process demonstrates the feasibility of fabricating a Gasar structure for alloys with a wide solidification temperature range, as well as a columnar dendritic structure. The effects of melt temperature, initial mold temperature, and partial gas pressures on the pore structure and microstructure of an alloy matrix were investigated. The growth and interruption of directional pores were analyzed based on the solidification mode to determine whether the fine-grained region atop directional pores stunted the growth of Gasar pores.
Research trends in microwave dielectrics and factors affecting their properties: A review
Authors: Muhammad Raz , Iqbal Yaseen , Rambo Carlos Renato , Khan Hidayatullah 
Published: February 2014

AbstractCeramists are constantly looking for materials to be used as dielectric resonators in the telecommunication industry. These applications require materials with ∊r∼ 4 – 120,Q×f0> 10 000 GHz and τf∼ 0 ppm K−1. Additionally, efforts are also underway to lower the sintering temperatures (e. g. ≤ 800 °C) to reduce processing and electrode costs. The simultaneous achievement of all the three properties mentioned above is difficult; nevertheless, some materials have been synthesized fulfilling the criteria for microwave applications. This study is an overview of various studies on materials for possible applications as microwave dielectrics and factors affecting their microwave properties. These factors include crystal structure, defects, fabrication route, and the type and concentration of substituents and additives.
Effect of post-weld heat treatment on dissimilar friction stir welded AA6063 and A319 aluminium alloys
Authors: Krishnan M. Muthu , Marimuthu K. 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The effects of post-weld heat treatment at a solution temperature of 540 °C for 5 hrs 30 mins followed by ageing at 190 °C for 6 hrs on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded dissimilar aluminium alloys A319 and AA6063 have been examined. Post-weld ageing results in improved mechanical properties. The effect of ageing on the morphology of the second phase particles of silicon, copper and iron in the stir zone has been studied. The hardness of the stir zone for both as-welded and post-weld ageing was found to be lower than that of AA6063 but higher than A319 base metal. Microstructural studies reveal that the A319 dominates the stir zone.
Mitochondrial microsatellite markers for the Australian ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria sp. A (Hydnangiaceae)
Authors: Sheedy Elizabeth M. , Van de Wouw Angela P. , Howlett Barbara J. , May Tom W. 
Published: February 2014

• Premise of the study: Microsatellite loci were developed for the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria sp. A to investigate the population genetic structure of this fungal symbiont across its fragmented distribution in southeastern Australia.• Methods and Results: A partial genome sequence from an individual collection of Laccaria sp. A was obtained by 454 genome sequencing. Eight microsatellite markers were selected from 66 loci identified in the genome. The selected markers were highly polymorphic (4–19 alleles per locus, average 13 alleles) and amplified reproducibly from collections made across the distribution of this species. Five of these markers also amplified reproducibly in the sister species Laccaria sp. E (1). All eight of the selected microsatellite loci were from the mitochondrial genome.• Conclusions: The highly polymorphic markers described here will enable population structure of Laccaria sp. A to be determined, contributing to research on mycorrhizal fungi from a novel distribution.
A young patient with multisystem complications after cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Pulivarthi Swaroopa , Gurram Murali Krishna 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTWe are describing a case of an 18-year-old male patient with cytomegalovirus (CMV) associated guillain-barre syndrome (GBS) who presented with an acute onset of generalized weakness and numbness in the extremities, dysphagia, and facial diplegia, followed by respiratory failure, which led to mechanical ventilation. He had positive immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M antibodies against CMV, and CMV polymerase chain reaction was positive with <2000 copies of deoxyribonucleic acid. Human immunodeficiency virus test was negative. He received a course of ganciclovir, intravenous immunoglobulin, and plasmapheresis. After improving from acute episode, patient was transferred to a rehabilitation facility for physical and occupational therapy. At the rehabilitation facility, he exhibited signs of acute abdomen with pain in the left upper quadrant secondary to peritonitis from dislodged gastrostomy tube and underwent exploratory laparotomy. During the hospital course he was found to have splenic infarct and colitis on the computed tomography of abdomen. This case showed an immunocompetent young patient with multisystem complications including guillain-barre syndrome (GBS), splenic infarct, hepatitis, and colitis due to CMV.
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with PLEDs-plus due to mesalamine
Authors: Cherian Ajith , Soumya C. V. , Iype Thomas , Mathew Mini , Sandeep P. , Thadam Jessline K. , Chithra P 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTA 32-year-old lady developed status epilepticus and acute visual loss while on mesalamine for Crohn’s disease. Her clinical course and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were suggestive of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). She had periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges plus (PLEDs-plus) on electroencephalogram (EEG), which responded to sodium valproate. Her vision improved from counting fingers at one-meter distance to 6/12. Though different cytotoxic drugs have been implicated as causative agents, this is the first case report of mesalamine-induced PRES. This case highlights the need for aggressive treatment of PLEDs-plus with EEG monitoring using a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug like valproate, which has contributed to the rapid reversibility of vision in PRES subjects, and the need for a thorough drug history for etiological clues.
Neurocysticercosis presenting as pseudobulbar palsy
Authors: Kumar Arinaganahalli Subbanna Praveen , Subrahmanyam Dharanitragada Krishna Suri 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTNeurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common helminthic infestation of the central nervous system (CNS) and a leading cause of acquired epilepsy worldwide. The common manifestations of NCC are seizures and headache. The NCC as a cause of pseudobulbar palsy is very unusual and not reported yet in the literature. A pseudobulbar palsy can occur in any disorder that causes bilateral corticobulbar disease. The common etiologies of pseudobulbar palsy are vascular, demyelinative, or motor neuron disease. We report a 38-year-old female patient who presented with partial seizures and pseudobulbar palsy. The MRI brain showed multiple small cysts with scolex in both the cerebral hemispheres and a giant intraparenchymal cyst. Our patient responded well to standard treatment of neurocysticercosis and antiepileptics.
Central and peripheral demyelination
Authors: Mehndiratta Man Mohan , Gulati Natasha Singh 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTSeveral conditions cause damage to the inherently normal myelin of central nervous system, perepheral nervous system or both central and perepheral nervous system and hence termed as central demyelinating diseases, perepheral demyelinating diseases and combined central and perepheral demyelinating diseases respectively. Here we analysed and foccused on the etiology, prevalance, incidence and age of these demyelinating disorders. Clinical attention and various diagnostic tests are needed to adequately assess all these possibilities.
Impact of Gender in Renal Cell Carcinoma: The Relationship of FABP7 and BRN2 Expression with Overall Survival
Authors: Tan Cheng , Takayama Tatsuya , Takaoka Naohisa , Fujita Hiromi , Miyazaki Miki , Sugiyama Takayuki , Ozono Seiichiro 
Published: February 2014

Objective To investigate the relationship between gender differences in fatty acid-binding protein7 (FABP7) and BRN2 (POU class 3 homeobox 2) expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and the prognosis of patients with RCC. Materials and Methods immunohistochemical (IHC) staining as well as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed in renal tissues from 103 patients (83 men, mean age = 63.6 years old; 20 women, mean age = 63.1 years old) underwent radical nephrectomy from January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2010. The probability of overall patient survival was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Results FABP7 mRNA expression was more frequent in men ( P = 0.07) while BRN2 protein expression was significantly more frequent in women ( P = 0.029). In particular, FABP7 was expressed in 100% of G1 renal cell carcinoma both in mRNA and protein levels. In women, FABP7 (–) and BRN2 (+) groups had a worse prognosis both in mRNA level ( P = 0.038) and protein level ( P = 0.058). BRN2 was expressed 100% of papillary RCC both in mRNA and protein levels. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that gender was a key factor in FABP7 and BRN2 expression in RCC, and the combination with FABP7 and BRN2 stratified by gender could be a new potential prognostic factor in patients with RCC.
Weak ductile shear zone beneath a major strike‐slip fault: Inferences from earthquake cycle model constrained by geodetic observations of the western North Anatolian Fault Zone
Authors: Yamasaki Tadashi , Wright Tim J. , Houseman Gregory A. 
Published: February 2014

AbstractGPS data before and after the 1999 İzmit/Düzce earthquakes on the North Anatolian Fault Zone (Turkey) reveal a preseismic strain localization within about 25 km of the fault and a rapid postseismic transient. Using 3‐D finite element calculations of the earthquake cycle in an idealized model of the crust, comprising elastic above Maxwell viscoelastic layers, we show that spatially varying viscosity in the crust can explain these observations. Depth‐dependent viscosity without lateral variations can reproduce some of the observations but cannot explain the proximity to the fault of maximum postseismic velocities. A localized weak zone beneath the faulted elastic lid satisfactorily explains the observations if the weak zone extends down to midcrustal depths, and the ratio of relaxation time to earthquake repeat time ranges from ~0.005 to ~0.01 (for weak‐zone widths of ~24 and 40 km, respectively) in the weakened domain and greater than ~1.0 elsewhere, corresponding to viscosities of ~1018 ± 0.3 Pa s and greater than ~1020 Pa s. Models with sharp weak‐zone boundaries fit the data better than those with a smooth viscosity increase away from the fault, implying that the weak zone may be bounded by a relatively abrupt change in material properties. Such a change might result from lithological contrast, grain size reduction, fabric development, or water content, in addition to any effects from shear heating. Our models also imply that viscosities inferred from postseismic studies primarily reflect the rheology of the weak zone and should not be used to infer the mechanical properties of normal crust.
Pn anisotropic tomography and dynamics under eastern Tibetan plateau
Authors: Lei Jianshe , Li Yuan , Xie Furen , Teng Jiwen , Zhang Guangwei , Sun Changqing , Zha Xiaohui 
Published: February 2014

AbstractWe present a new anisotropic tomographic model of the uppermost mantle around eastern Tibet using Pn traveltime data from a newly deployed temporary seismic array and recent observation bulletins of Chinese provincial networks. Our results are generally consistent with previous results but provide new insights into the dynamics of Tibetan plateau. Prominent high‐velocity (high‐V) anomalies are visible under Alashan block and Qaidam and Sichuan basins, which clearly outline their tectonic margins. A distinct high‐V zone representing the double‐sided subduction of Indo‐Eurasian plates is imaged from Lhasa block to the south of Qaidam basin. A pronounced low‐velocity (low‐V) zone is observed from Songpan‐Ganzi block to southern Chuan‐Dian diamond block, suggesting the existence of hot material upwelling there. Crustal strong earthquakes frequently occurred around high‐V anomalies or transition zones from high‐V to low‐V anomalies, suggesting that these earthquakes could be related to lateral heterogeneities in the mantle. The Pn fast direction approximately rotates around Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis, and it is tangential to the margins of Sichuan basin, suggesting that the mantle material flow of Tibetan plateau may have affected east China. In the Yunnan region to the south of 26°N, the Pn fast direction is different from SKS splitting results, indicating that the mantle lithosphere could be mechanically decoupled at certain depth below the uppermost mantle, which might be attributable to the subduction of Indian (or Burma) slab. Although the correlation between anisotropy and velocity is complicated, anisotropy strength could be associated with the pattern of velocity anomalies in the region.