bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Engineering of mRNA vaccine platform with reduced lipids and enhanced efficacy
Authors: Ji Tianjiao , Ma Xu , Liu Shaoli , Zhang Shuhui , Liu Zongran , Wang Hui , Luo Wendi , Zu Mali , Qin Hao , Li Zhongxian , Zhong Jie , Li Junxi , Chen Qizhe , Lin Jiaqi , Liu Andong , Zhang Xinzheng , Li Hongjun , Lu Xueguang , Shi Xinghua , Li Lele , Gu Zhen , Nie Guangjun 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the most clinically relevant vehicles for mRNA vaccines. Despite the great successes, the toxicity caused by the high dose of lipid components still represents a great challenge. The suboptimal loading efficiency of mRNA in LNPs not only compromises the vaccine’s efficacy but also heightens the risk of non-specific immune responses, accelerates clearance from the bloodstream, and exacerbates side effects associated with the lipid carriers. These problems underscore the urgent need for improving mRNA loading in LNPs to provide dose-sparing effects. Herein, we developed a manganese ion (Mn²⁺) mediated mRNA enrichment strategy to efficiently form a high-density mRNA core, termed Mn-mRNA nanoparticle, which is subsequently coated with lipids. The resulting nanosystem, L@Mn-mRNA, achieved over twice the mRNA loading compared to conventional mRNA vaccine formulations (LNP-mRNA). Remarkably, L@Mn-mRNA also demonstrated a 2-fold increase in cellular uptake efficiency compared to LNP-mRNA, attributed to the enhanced stiffness provided by the Mn-mRNA core. By combining improved mRNA loading with superior cellular uptake, L@Mn-mRNA achieved significantly enhanced antigen-specific immune responses and therapeutic efficacy as vaccines. We elucidated the mechanism behind Mn-mRNA construction and optimized the L@Mn-mRNA formulations, and this method is suitable for types of lipids and mRNAs. Thus, this strategy holds significant potential as a platform for the next generation of lipid-based mRNA vaccines.
Harnessing Theta-Gamma Coupled Brainwave Using Ultrasound for Spinal Astrocyte Revitalization and Sustained Neuropathic Pain Relief
Authors: Park Joo Min , Phan Tien , Kim Ho Jeong , Lee Keunhyung , Kang Dong-Wook , Lee Jung Moo , Kim Tai Young , Shin Hyunjin , Lee Hye Eun , Park Hyungju , Kim Hyun-Woo , Kim Yee-Joon , Mun Ji Young , Park Hyungju , Lee Kyu Pil , Lee C. Justin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Ultrasound stimulation is a promising non-invasive method for pain treatment, but comprehending its long-lasting impact and mechanisms remains challenging. Here, we investigate the neuromodulation effects of patterned ultrasound, focusing on spinal astrocytes in a partial sciatic nerve crush injury (PCI) model. Low-intensity continuous theta burst ultrasound stimulation with gamma bursts (LI-cTBUS) provides significant pain relief during and after application. LI-cTBUS enhances extracellular BDNF uptake by spinal astrocytes, restoring balance in the spinal BDNF/TrkB/KCC2 pathway, and reduces reactive astrogliosis by activating the TRPA1 ion channel, suggesting its role in ultrasound-induced analgesia. PCI alters the spinal cord transcriptomics, but LI-cTBUS normalizes these changes by attenuating inflammatory pathways, downregulating BDNF/TrkB signaling, and regulating GABA neurotransmission. Overall, LI-cTBUS revitalizes reactive astrocytes, reducing astrogliosis and nociceptive responses, highlighting its efficacy in alleviating mechanical allodynia and providing sustained neuropathic pain relief, underscoring its therapeutic potential.
Time-Dependent Physical Unclonable Functions Driven by Long-Lived Triplet Excitons
Authors: Liu Kai-Kai , Hu Yan-Wei , Cao Qing , Song Shi-Yu , Sun Yuan , Liang Ya-Chuan , Zhao Wen-Bo , Lv Chao-Fan , Shan Chongxin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Physical unclonable functions (PUFs), relying extensively on the random spatial distribution of block elements, are promising technology for generating unclonable cryptograph. Herein, we demonstrate time-dependent PUFs (TD-PUFs) by introducing carbon dots (CDs) with bright and long-lived triplet excitons as block elements. The constructed TD-PUFs evolve into multiple unclonable PUFs over time, effectively breaking the spatial limitation of transitional PUFs and increasing the complexity, making them much more difficult to be attacked. This temporal evolution introduces an additional layer of security, as the dynamic nature of TD-PUFs makes it increasingly challenging for adversaries to predict or replicate their states. We have developed pixel matrix functon(PMF) to describe the evolution process of the TD-PUFs, enabling a detailed analysis of the dynamic behavior and unique security features. The coding capacity of the TD-PUFs can be expanded from 2^2250000 to N^2250000, where N falls within the range of 3 to 255, significantly enhancing the complexity of deciphering. In addition, we exhibit a TD-PUFs painting (30 × 40 cm^2) by an etching technology where the primary structures of the panting undergo a transformation over time, driven by the varying triplet exciton lifetimes of the CDs. The proposed concept of TD-PUFs overcome their spatial limitations and increase the complexity, making the PUF labels more difficulty to be cracked.
Magnetotransport evidence for the coexistence of two-dimensional superconductivity and ferromagnetism at (111)-oriented a-CaZrO3/KTaO3 interfaces
Authors: Zhang Hui , Xiao Yinan , Gao Qixuan , Wu Ning , Zhou Siyi , Wang Yongchao , Tian Daming , Qi Weijian , Zheng Dongyao , Zhang Jine , Han Furong , Yang Huaiwen , Liu Bang-Gui , Chen Yuansha , Hu Fengxia , Shen Baogen , Sun Jirong , Zhao Weisheng , Zhang Jinsong 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Exploring the intricate interplay between magnetism and superconductivity is crucial for unveiling the underlying mechanisms of unconventional superconductivity. Here, we report on the magnetotransport evidence for the coexistence of a two-dimensional (2D) superconducting state and a 2D ferromagnetic state at the interface between amorphous CaZrO3 film and (111)-oriented KTaO3 single crystal. Remarkably, the fingerprint of ferromagnetism, i.e., hysteretic magnetoresistance loops, is observed in the superconducting state. The butterfly-shaped hysteresis with twin peaks emerges against the background of superconducting zero resistance, and the peak amplitude increases with the sweep rate of the magnetic field, indicating that the magnetization dynamics are at play in the superconducting state. Moreover, the magnetoresistance hysteresis is strongly dependent on temperature, achieving a maximum near the superconducting temperature. This behavior is well described by the thermal activated phase slip model. Density function theory (DFT) calculations suggest that the magnetic moment is primarily contributed by the Ta 5dyz orbital, and the Stoner ferromagnetism is identified. Our findings provide new insights into the interaction of magnetism and superconductivity at KTaO3-based oxide heterointerfaces.
Comparative evaluation of methods for the prediction of protein-ligand binding sites
Authors: Utgés Javier S , Barton Geoffrey John 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

The accurate identification of protein-ligand binding sites is of critical importance in understanding and modulating protein function. Accordingly, ligand binding site prediction has remained a research focus for over three decades with over 50 methods developed since the early 1990s. Over this time, the paradigm has changed from geometry-based to machine learning. In this work, we collate 11 ligand binding site predictors, spanning 30 years, focusing on the latest machine learning-based methods such as VN-EGNN, IF-SitePred, GrASP, PUResNet, and DeepPocket and compare them to the established P2Rank or fpocket and earlier methods like PocketFinder, Ligsite and Surfnet. We benchmark the methods against the human subset of the new curated reference dataset, LIGYSIS. LIGYSIS is a comprehensive protein-ligand complex dataset comprising 30,000 proteins with bound ligands which aggregates biologically relevant unique protein-ligand interfaces across biological units of multiple structures from the same protein. LIGYSIS is an improvement for testing methods over earlier datasets like sc-PDB, PDBbind, binding MOAD, COACH420 and HOLO4K which either include 1:1 protein-ligand complexes or consider asymmetric units. Re-scoring of fpocket predictions by DeepPocket and PRANK display the highest recall (60%) whilst VN-EGNN (46%) and IF-SitePred (39%) present the lowest recall. We demonstrate the detrimental effect that redundant prediction of binding sites has on performance as well as the beneficial impact of stronger pocket scoring schemes, with improvements up to 14% in recall (IF-SitePred) and 30% in precision (Surfnet). Methods predicting few pockets per protein, e.g., GrASP and PUResNet are very precise (> 90%) but are limited in recall. Finally, we propose recall as the universal benchmark metric for ligand binding site prediction and urge authors to share not only the source code of their methods, but also of their benchmark.
Neural Electromagnetic Simulation Training with Time-reversal Consistency
Authors: Nayanan Shrija , Chopra Vikram , Sharma Priya , Patel Aarav 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Conventional electromagnetic wave simulators are characterized by lengthy simulation times, making them unsuitable for computational imaging and photonic inverse problems (such as end-to-end design and iterative reconstruction) that necessitate multiple evaluations of the forward model. Neural network-based electromagnetic wave simulators offer potential speed improvements by several orders of magnitude; however, traditional supervised training methods struggle to accurately capture the true physics involved. Although physics-informed approaches provide some improvement, existing residual-based methods rely solely on local information and must be combined with standard supervised loss. In this work, we introduce Time Reversal Consistency (TRC), a novel physics-based training method that leverages the time reversibility of Maxwell's equations. TRC employs a time-reversed, differentiable finite-difference simulator to compare neural network predictions with a known initial condition. This approach offers both global physics guidance and supervision within a single function. We demonstrate that networks trained with TRC, using only randomized scatterers, generalize effectively to various arbitrarily structured media. We validate our method through the inverse design of a set of angle-to-angle couplers, addressing nearly two orders of magnitude more parameters than previous methods. Our findings indicate that the design quality achieved with TRC closely matches that of designs based on conventional simulators, while reducing design time by 95%.
Isolates of Acanthamoeba species in the marine environment in the Philippines
Authors: Layson Samantha Nicole , Alcala Cheilo Maurrice D. , Avenido Mikael Lorenzo Q. , Bayot Aleeza Erika M. , Aclan Charles Darwin C. , Barlis Joepher S. , Villacorta Katrina D. , Abalos Venice Marielle R. , Maramba Alyssa Nicole M. , Say Maricel D.C. , Serrano Alessandrea A. , Cabello Jana Katryn D. , Salvosa Julienne Marie I. , Tan Moriset Paz Djezla C. , Uy Kyla Franchesca F. , Masangkay Frederick Ramirez , Milanez Giovanni De Jesus 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Acanthamoebae spp. are considered the most commonly occurring free-living amoebae (FLA) in the environment. Their high resilience enables them to thrive in different types of environments. Using purposive sampling, 80 surface water samples were collected from identified coastal sites in Mariveles, Bataan, and Lingayen Gulf (40 water samples for each). Nineteen (23.75%) of the 80 water samples yielded positive amoebic growth during the 14-day culture and microscopic examination. The polymerase chain reaction confirmed Acanthamoeba spp. DNA in isolates MB1, A3, A4, A7, C5, and D3 using JDP1 and JDP2 primer sets. Further sequencing revealed that the isolates belonged to Acanthamoeba sp., Acanthamoeba culbertsoni, Acanthamoeba castellani, and Acanthamoeba genotype T4. The sequences were deposited in GenBank and registered under accession numbers PP741651, PP767364, PP741728, PP741729, PP767365, and PP767366, respectively. Potential risk factors such as waste disposal, expansion of human settlements to coastal locations, and soil runoffs in these environments should be controlled to mitigate the proliferation of potentially pathogenic strains of FLAs.
Potential for Events Similar to the Deadly West Salt Creek Landslide, Grand Mesa Area, Colorado
Authors: Arabnia Omid , Santi Paul , Emmons Bennett , Sparks Emily 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The deadly West Salt Creek Landslide of 2014, one of the largest landslides to occur in the United States in historical time, was surprising in its suddenness and length of runout. Its source area, the edge of Grand Mesa in western Colorado, was potentially the source of other similar landslides in the past, based on previous mapping in the region. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the potential for similar events by detailed mapping of several canyons flanking West Salt Creek, using aerial imagery and age-dating techniques not available to previous mappers. We conclude that, while the West Salt Creek Landslide has the potential to reactivate in a similar manner to the 2014 movement, the potential for a similar event in the flanking canyons is low. Mapping and semi-quantitative geomorphic methods suggest that the deposits present in several canyons on either side of West Salt Creek are glacial or stream deposits, with one canyon containing debris-flow deposits. Our interpretations are based on the morphology of deposits in the canyons, the presence of specific landform features, measurements of mobility index and longitudinal profiles, and comparison with regional analogs. Furthermore, other mass movements in the region that are of similar magnitude had either slower movement or much shorter runout. The large block at the head of West Salt Creek and the earlier block that shattered and mobilized in 2014 are also unique features locally, distinguishing this setting from others, but also indicating the potential for a future similar event.
Biological Estimation of Phenolic-flavonoid Contents for In vitro Antioxidant Activity and Antidiabetic Activities of Selaginella Plana in Experimental Models
Authors: Singh Neeru , Singh Lubhan , Kumar Sokindra , Pandey Rupesh Kumar 
Published: August 2024

Introduction:
The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Selaginella plana in treating
diabetes. The plant components were assessed using ethanol as a solvent. To determine
whether the plant extracts included any secondary metabolites, a phytochemical screening was
performed.

Methods:
The quantities of total phenolic and total flavonoid were determined using plant extracts
in ethanolic, chloroform, petroleum, and water solutions. Experimental animals were used
to evaluate the antioxidant properties of plant extracts. Thus, the study was further processed to
evaluate antidiabetic activity using ethanolic and aqueous extracts. Glucose levels were measured
using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

Results:
The percentage yield of ethanol, chloroform, petroleum ether, and aqueous extract were
19.22 g, 11.01 g, 6.44 g, and 15.76 g, respectively. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed
the presence of most of the phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, tannins,
phytosterols, glycosides, proteins, and gum. TPC values were high for ethanolic extract of the
fern S. plana, which was 54.34 mg GAE/g for ethanolic extract. However, the TFC value was
264.51 mg QE/g for ethanolic extract. Normalisation of insulin levels and restoration of blood
glucose levels were both demonstrated by the plant extract.

Conclusion:
The major findings of the current study demonstrated that ethanolic extract of S.
plana was effective against STZ-induced diabetes. S. plana may be an alternative drug in treating
diabetes after clinical trials.
Evaluation of Antidandruff Potential of Punica Granatum Peel Fractions by In Vitro and In Silico Method
Authors: Mishra Ratish Chandra , Kumari Rosy , Kumari Mamta , Yadav Shivani , Yadav Jaya Parkash 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Dandruff is not a disease in the traditional sense but rather a common
scalp condition. It is usually a mild and harmless issue characterized by the flaking of dead skin
cells from the scalp. Although it may not be a serious health concern, it can be a source of discomfort
and embarrassment for some individuals. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial potential
and phytochemical analysis of Punica granatum peel.

Methods:
The methanol extract of the peel was fractionated using column chromatography. The
antimicrobial activity was assayed by In vitro and In silico methods against the microbes that are
dominantly found in dandruff sufferers viz. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Propionibacterium acne,
and Malassezia furfur.

Results:
Aqueous fraction (Fr-V) and its hexane sub-fraction (Va) were most active with the maximum
zone of Inhibition (ZOI) in a range of 36-42 mm at P<0.05. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
(MIC) of sample fractions was in the range of 0.05-0.81 mg/mL. GC-MS analysis determined
that methyl palmitate, 1-hexacosene, 1-heneicosyl formate, and 7-tetradecene in Fr-V, whereas
methyl oleate and methyl stearate in Fr-Va, were the major phytoconstituents. Among all 1-Heneicosyl
formate, 10-Heneicosene, and 1-Hexacosene showed the best docking score against Mflip1
lipase of Malassezia furfur i.e., -7.76, -7.43 and -7.34 kcal/mol.

Conclusion:
Treatment for dandruff involves anti-dandruff shampoos containing active ingredients
like pyrithione zinc, salicylic acid, ketoconazole, or selenium sulfide. People consider plant-
based ingredients and natural remedies as alternatives to chemical ingredients for various purposes
including skincare and haircare. Thereby, bioactive compounds identified in peel fractions
could be used in anti-dandruff products.
Cytotoxic Impact of Naringenin-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on RIN5F Pancreatic β Cells via Autophagy Blockage
Authors: Mohammadi Pour Pardis , Nouri Zeinab , Ghasemi Dariush , Sajadimajd Soraya , Farzaei Mohammad Hosein 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Autophagy plays a crucial role in modulating the proliferation of cancer
diseases. However, the application of Naringenin (Nar), a compound with potential benefits against
these diseases, has been limited due to its poor solubility and bioavailability.

Objective:
This study aimed to develop solid lipid nanoparticles (Nar-SLNs) loaded with Nar to enhance
their therapeutic impact.

Methods:
In vitro experiments using Rin-5F cells exposed to Nar and Nar-SLNs were carried out to
investigate the protective effects of Nar and its nanoformulation against the pancreatic cancer cell
line of Rin-5F.

Results:
Treatment with Nar and Nar-SLN led to an increase in autophagic markers (Akt, LC3, Beclin1,
and ATG genes) and a decrease in the level of miR-21. Both Nar and Nar-SLN treatments inhibited
cell proliferation and reduced the expression of autophagic markers. Notably, Nar-SLNs exhibited
greater efficacy compared to free Nar.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that SLNs effectively enhance the cytotoxic impact of Nar,
making Nar-SLNs a promising candidate for suppressing or preventing Rin-5F cell growth.
Perceptions Toward Telemedicine of Health Care Staff in Nursing Homes in Northern Germany: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Traulsen Pia , Kitschke Lisa , Steinhäuser Jost 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Digitalization in the German health care system is progressing slowly, even though it offers opportunities for improvement of care. In nursing homes, most of the staff’s work is paper based. Following the pandemic, there has been a decrease in the use of telemedicine applications. To ensure long-term implementation, the views of users, in this case nurses, are of interest.

Objective
This cross-sectional study was conducted to describe which digital applications are already being used at inpatient care facilities, the attitude of nurses toward telemedicine, and for which areas the use of telemedicine in the facilities is considered appropriate by the participants.

Methods
All inpatient care facility staff in Schleswig-Holstein were invited to participate in the survey from August 1 to October 31, 2022. The questionnaire consists of 17 determinants that ask about the attitude, use, and possible applications of telemedicine. In addition to a descriptive analysis, the influence of the general attitude toward telemedicine on various determinants was examined using the Fisher exact test for nominal variables and Spearman correlation coefficient for metric variables.

Results
A total of 425 caregivers participated in the survey. Of these respondents, 10.7% (n=41) currently used video consultations, and 76.1% (n=321) of the respondents were in favor of video consultations being practiced in training. Furthermore, 74.8% (n=312) of the respondents would attend a training on telephone medical consultation. Respondents indicated that video consultations have a small added value compared to asynchronous telemedicine (eg, sending photos). However, video consultations were perceived as somewhat less time-consuming than other communication channels. Video consultations are perceived as most useful for clarifying urgent problems. The respondents estimated that one in five paramedic calls at their facilities could be reduced through telemedicine approaches. It was important to the participants that telemedicine is as simple as possible and that there is a high level of data security.

Conclusions
Although many caregivers have a positive attitude toward telemedicine and perceive its advantages, communication channels such as video consultation are still used infrequently in care facilities. To promote the use of telemedicine applications, it is important to emphasize their benefits. The presumed saving of paramedic calls thus represents a benefit, and it is crucial to train caregivers in the use of telemedicine to avoid uncertainties in dealing with the newer technologies. It is important to give them enough time and repetitions of the training.
CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT—A DISCUSSION OF CULTIVATING THREE MORAL HABITS
Authors: Ma Dr. Wen , Zhu Yaqin , Li Chunli , Zhang Bo , Tian Xin 
Published: August 2024

No matter how small things are, if we repeat them every day, eventually, they will turn into a habit of us. Habits influence the way we live. That is why we should cautiously deal with things that may bear right and false, good and bad. If in everyday life, we pay attention to the boundary of right and wrong, good and bad, and cultivate the habits of removing badness and following goodness, then morals will progress. In this paper, we present three habits that people need to cultivate. We explain why the three good habits are important, so people in today’s society can learn from the wisdom of the ancient and are determined to become morally well-developed individuals.