bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing Hereditary Angioedema Patients Undergoing Otolaryngeal Procedures
Authors: Bernstein Jonathan A. 
Published: July 2013

Background Hereditary angioedema (HAE), a rare autosomal dominant disorder, is characterized by repeated attacks of swelling of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, face, larynx, and other organs. In most cases it is caused by low levels of functional C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH), a serine protease inhibitor that plays important regulatory roles in the complement, contact, and fibrinolytic pathways. Methods Lack of functional C1-INH results in excessive release of bradykinin, which triggers vasodilation, vascular permeability, and edema. Most attacks are mild and self-limiting, but untreated laryngeal attacks may cause rapid asphyxiation and death. Potential triggers of laryngeal attacks include trauma to or manipulation of the face, mouth, or upper airway. Therefore, before performing such a procedure in a patient with HAE, the otolaryngologist should consult with the patient, the physician managing the HAE, and the anesthesiologist and make appropriate preparations for prevention and/or treatment of an attack. Results Current World Allergy Organization and European guidelines recommend the use of i.v. plasma-derived C1-INH replacement for short-term prophylaxis of angioedema attacks. Other effective options include danazol given for several days before and after the procedure and fresh-frozen plasma, but these may not be as effective as C1-INH and may be associated with a high rate of adverse events. Conclusion Acute attacks, which may occur many hours after a procedure, may be treated with C1-INH; icatibant, a bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist; or ecallantide, a kallikrein inhibitor, all of which have been shown to reduce the duration and severity of HAE attacks.
The benefits of CROS aids for individuals with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Busk Linnebjerg Linda , Wetke Randi 
Published: July 2013

Objective:
Treatment of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss has improved after introducing the new generation of monoCROS with a wireless connection, an open mould and an improvement in sound quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the new generation of CROS, to identify the situations in which the CROS was useful to the patient, and to identify factors that can predict successful treatment.

Study design:
Retrospective information was gathered by questionnaire from patients treated with the Phonak Audeo Smart CROS hearing aid at Aarhus University Hospital. The information related to usage, perceived benefit, situations of use, sound quality, maintenance and operation of the device.

Results:
The CROS was most frequently used in the company of others in small or large groups of people even though participants considered the sound quality to be best in quiet surroundings. The device was rarely used for telephone conversations. Of the 45 participants, 42.5% used it more than 4 h per day, 32.5% used it less than 4 h per day and 25% used it occasionally. The group of patients who used it most frequently was the student group, who used it in educational situations. The quality of sound was generally evaluated as above average, and operating and fitting the device was considered easy.

Conclusion:
The new generation of CROS hearing aids are useful in the treatment of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Further research is needed to compare this device to the BAHA.
Variable penetration depth of interferometric synthetic aperture radar signals on Alaska glaciers: a cold surface layer hypothesis
Authors: Gusmeroli Alessio , Arendt Anthony , Atwood Donald , Kampes Bert , Sanford Mark , Young Joanna C. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractP-band interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data at 5 m resolution from Kahiltna Glacier, the largest glacier in the Alaska Range, Alaska, USA, show pronounced spatial variation in penetration depth, δP. We obtained δP by differencing X- and P-band digital elevation models. δP varied significantly over the glacier, but it was possible to distinguish representative zones. In the accumulation area, δP decreased with decreasing elevation from 18 ± 3 m in the percolation zone to 10 ± 4 m in the wet snow zone. In the central portion of the ablation area, a location free of debris and crevasses, we identified a zone of very high δP (34 ± 4 m) which decreased at lower elevations (23 ± 3 m in bare ice and 5-10m in debris-covered ice). We observe that the spatial configuration of δP is consistent with the expected thermal regime of each zone: δP is high in areas where cold firn/ice likely occurs (i.e. percolation zone and upper ablation area) and low in areas where temperate surface firn/ice likely exists (wet snow zone and lower ablation area). We suggest that the very high δP observed in the upper ablation area is due to the presence of a cold surface layer.
Joint interpretation of explosive and vibroseismic surveys on cold firn for the investigation of ice properties
Authors: Diez Anja , Eisen Olaf , Hofstede Coen , Bohleber Pascal , Polom Ulrich 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTwo seismic surveys were carried out on the high-altitude glacier saddle, Colle Gnifetti, Monte Rosa, Italy/Switzerland. Explosive and vibroseismic sources were tested to explore the best way to generate seismic waves to deduce shallow and intermediate properties (<100 m) of firn and ice. The explosive source (SISSY) excites strong surface and diving waves, degrading data quality for processing; no englacial reflections besides the noisy bed reflector are visible. However, the strong diving waves are analyzed to derive the density distribution of the firn pack, yielding results similar to a nearby ice core. The vibrator source (ElViS), used in both P- and SH-wave modes, produces detectable laterally coherent reflections within the firn and ice column. We compare these with ice-core and radar data. The SH-wave data are particularly useful in providing detailed, high-resolution information on firn and ice stratigraphy. Our analyses demonstrate the potential of seismic methods to determine physical properties of firn and ice, particularly density and potentially also crystal-orientation fabric.
La congruence et sa relation à la communication en thérapie centrée sur le client
Authors: Temaner-Brodley Barbara , Stora Nicole , Ducroux-Biass Françoise 
Published: July 2013

En thérapie centrée sur le client et dans les groupes centrés sur la personne, le manque d’attention portée à la définition théorique de la congruence, comme l’habitude de confondre congruence et sincérité, conduisent à des distorsions. En thérapie individuelle centrée sur le client ou dans d’autres formes de thérapie centrée sur le client, la distorsion survient lorsque les thérapeutes indiquent systématiquement leurs propres réactions ou ce qu’ils pensent aux clients. Ils justifient cette pratique comme une des façons de vivre l’attitude thérapeutique de congruence dans la relation. Dans les groupes de pairs, la distorsion apparaît lorsqu’« être congruent » justifie les interprétations, les accusations et les communications insultantes. Il faut bien saisir la définition théorique de la congruence pour avoir une image adéquate de la thérapie centrée sur le client (Haugh, 1998). En particulier, selon Rogers, les communications qui ont trait à la congruence ont des caractéristiques spécifiques contraignantes et thérapeutiquement appropriées. Dans cet article j’essaierai de faire une exégèse partielle des écrits de Rogers sur les concepts de congruence et d’expérience. Pour comprendre la congruence, il est nécessaire de comprendre la définition de l’expérience donnée par Rogers. Je développerai également, à l’intention des thérapeutes centrés sur le client et des praticiens d’autres applications de l’Approche centrée sur la personne, une base théorique qui favorise une attitude conduisant à des formes particulières de communication en lien avec leur congruence.
Quels outils pour favoriser la réflexivité des formés ? Les apports du suivi de parcours de reconversion dans des dispositifs universitaires de formation professionnelle
Authors: Negroni Catherine 
Published: July 2013

Cet article propose à partir du suivi de deux dispositifs de formation à l’université accueillant des adultes en reprise d’études, souvent en situation de reconversion professionnelle, d’interroger et d’analyser la part de la réflexivité dans ces formations. Nous nous interrogerons sur les registres, espaces ou interstices dans lesquels s’inscrivent le parcours biographique et les expériences singulières en regard des acquisitions de savoirs et des apprentissages disciplinaires. Le temps de la formation passe par des temporalités successives et des retours réflexifs constants. Nous montrons que la « latence identitaire » est un moment essentiel à la construction d’une nouvelle professionnalité. Enfin, nous présenterons une modélisation de l’accompagnement des parcours professionnels en changement, où le travail subjectif de l’acteur est très présent.
L'insertion professionnelle dans le milieu de l'ingénierie : Une question de genre
Authors: Stevanovic Biljana 
Published: July 2013

En s’appuyant sur les enquêtes « Premier Emploi » réalisées en 2008 six mois après l’obtention de diplôme auprès de la promotion 2007 et les entretiens semi-directifs, cet article a pour objectif d’étudier l’insertion professionnelle et la construction de l’identité professionnelle des femmes et des hommes diplômé-e-s de l’EPF-École d’ingénieurs. L’analyse des résultats permet de conclure que les femmes ingénieurs diplômées de l’EPF ont une insertion professionnelle globalement plus favorable que les hommes diplômés de la même école en termes de rapidité d’insertion, de chômage, d’accès au statut de cadre et de part en CDI. Cependant, l’identité professionnelle des femmes diplômées de cette école est marquée par la ségrégation liée à l’accès aux postes de responsabilités, ou par les stéréotypes liés à l’articulation « travail-famille ».
La décision d'investissement en intelligence économique : évaluation et pratique dans les grandes entreprises marocaines
Authors: Sliman Mounia , El Abbassi Ahmed 
Published: July 2013

Réserver des dépenses d’investissement en intelligence économique (IE) constitue une des étapes les plus déterminantes pour acquérir une position aux côtés des leaders dans le marché actuel. Pour rester compétitive, les grandes entreprises marocaines doivent réaliser des investissements stratégiques considérables en faveur de la fonction IE. Cela nécessite le développement des outils permettant de faire face à la nouvelle conjoncture imposée par l’économie de marché. Le présent article s’inscrit dans une démarche exploratoire, et propose un modèle conceptuel pour approfondir la compréhension du processus d’évaluation des investissements en IE. Pour ce faire nous allons examiner les avantages tirés et analyser les différentes composantes de ce processus, afin d’évaluer ses pratiques au sein d’une entreprise marocaine. Classification JEL : M21, D83, L31, D80
Sexualités prénuptiales, rapports de genre et grossesses non prévues à Ouagadougou
Authors: Rossier Clémentine , Sawadogo Nathalie , Soubeiga André 
Published: July 2013

La sexualité prémaritale se généralise sur le continent africain, et cette tendance est plus accentuée dans les villes. Bien que l’utilisation du préservatif ait progres sé chez les jeunes non mariés, de nombreuses études montrent que les besoins contraceptifs non satisfaits restent importants dans ce sous-groupe de la population. À partir de données qualitatives collectées en 2006 et 2007 à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (77 entretiens approfondis avec des jeunes femmes et hommes, enquête Emergency Contraception in Africa – ECAF), cet article montre comment un système de genre inégalitaire contribue à la survenue de grossesses non prévues avant le mariage. L’activité sexuelle prénuptiale des jeunes femmes reste marquée par la recherche de moralité et de mariage (un mariage plus ou moins différé) ; l’activité sexuelle prénuptiale masculine est souvent caractérisée par une valorisation du multi-partenariat et du plaisir masculin. Les logiques qui sous-tendent l’activité sexuelle prénuptiale peuvent amener les individus à vouloir éviter une grossesse à tout prix, ou au contraire, à reléguer la prévention au second plan. Les grossesses non prévues surviennent quand un des partenaires se situe simultanément dans plusieurs logiques à la fois et/ou quand les deux partenaires sont dans des logiques différentes ; dans ce dernier cas, l’asymétrie des motivations des hommes et des femmes place ces dernières en position de vulnérabilité dans la négociation du préservatif.
Le gain de la psychanalyse est-il un grain de temps, l'objet « a » en « - » ?
Authors: Lenoir Olivier , Poggi Paul 
Published: July 2013

Formaliser un gain pour la psychanalyse n’est-il pas aujourd’hui un enjeu ? Le gain n’est-il pas alors un lien que la psychanalyse peut faire entre un formalisme comme celui d’un modèle macroéconomique avec une possible dynamique du sujet. Nous partirons de cette idée de gain pour réexaminer, sous l’angle du jeu notamment, le pari pascalien vers une articulation logique de la rencontre clinique.
Differential Regulation of TLR-Dependent MyD88 and TRIF Signaling Pathways by Free Zinc Ions
Authors: Brieger Anne , Rink Lothar , Haase Hajo 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Zinc signals are utilized by several immune cell receptors. One is TLR4, which causes an increase of free zinc ions (Zn2+) that is required for the MyD88-dependent expression of inflammatory cytokines. This study investigates the role of Zn2+ on Toll/IL-1R domain–containing adapter inducing IFN-β (TRIF)–dependent signals, the other major intracellular pathway activated by TLR4. Chelation of Zn2+ with the membrane-permeable chelator N,N,N’,N’-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine augmented TLR4-mediated production of IFN-β and subsequent synthesis of inducible NO synthase and production of NO. The effect is based on Zn2+ acting as a negative regulator of the TRIF pathway via reducing IFN regulatory factor 3 activation. This was also observed with TLR3, the only TLR that signals exclusively via TRIF, but not MyD88, and does not trigger a zinc signal. In contrast, IFN-γ–induced NO production was unaffected by N,N,N’,N’-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine. Taken together, Zn2+ is specifically involved in TLR signaling, where it differentially regulates MyD88 and TRIF signaling via a zinc signal or via basal Zn2+ levels, respectively.
VP2 Dominated CD4+ T Cell Responses against Enterovirus 71 and Cross-Reactivity against Coxsackievirus A16 and Polioviruses in a Healthy Population
Authors: Tan Shuguang , Tan Xiaojuan , Sun Xiaoman , Lu Guangwen , Chen Chun-Chi , Yan Jinghua , Liu Jun , Xu Wenbo , Gao George F. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71)–associated hand-foot-mouth disease has become a major threat to public health in the Asia–Pacific region. Although T cell immunity is closely correlated with clinical outcomes of EV71 infection, little is known about T cell immunity baseline against EV71 and T cell immunogenecity of EV71 Ags in the population, which has restricted our understanding of immunoprotection mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the cellular immune responses against the four structural Ags of EV71 and determined the immunohierarchy of these Ags in healthy adults. A low frequency of EV71-responsive T cells was detected circulating in peripheral blood, and broad T cell immune responses could be identified in most of the subjects after in vitro expansion. We demonstrated that the VP2 Ag with broad distribution of immunogenic peptides dominates T cell responses against EV71 compared with VP1, VP3, and VP4. Furthermore, the responses were illuminated to be mainly single IFN-γ–secreting CD4+ T cell dependent, indicating the previous natural acute viral infection of the adult population. Conservancy analysis of the immunogenic peptides revealed that moderately variant peptides were in the majority in coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) whereas most of the peptides were highly variant in polioviruses. Less efficient cross-reactivity against CV-A16 might broadly exist among individuals, whereas influences derived from poliovirus vaccination would be limited. Our findings suggest that the significance of VP2 Ag should be addressed in the future EV71-responsive immunological investigations. And the findings concerning the less efficient cross-reactivity against CV-A16 and limited influences from poliovirus vaccination in EV71-contacted population would contribute to a better understanding of immunoprotection mechanisms against enteroviruses.
Die Nasionale Vakterminologiediens (NVD)
Authors: Genis L. A. 
Published: July 2013

Die Nasionale Vakterminologiediens (NVD) ressorteer onder die Hoofdirektoraat Kultuur en Vakkundige Hulp- dienste van die Departement van Nasionale Opvoeding. Die hoofdoelwit van die NVD is die skepping van ’n fijnksionele vakwoordeskat in veral Afrikaans, parallel met die inter- nasionaal gebruikte terminologieë.
Katalogus van vakwoordeboeke
Authors: Office Editorial 
Published: July 2013

Die onderstaande lys vakwoordeboeke wat vir natuurwetenskaplikes van belang sal wees, is ’n uittreksel uit die jongste Katalogus van vakwoordeboeke. Die katalogus wat deur die Nasionale Vakterminologiediens van die Departement van Nasionale Opvoeding uitgegee word, bevat ’n volledige lys van vakwoordeboeke (in die handel beskikbaar of uit druk), sowel as die pryse.
A Systematic Review of the Literature on Health and Wellness Coaching: Defining a Key Behavioral Intervention in Healthcare
Authors: Wolever Ruth Q. , Simmons Leigh Ann , Sforzo Gary A. , Dill Diana , Kaye Miranda , Bechard Elizabeth M. , Southard Mary Elaine , Kennedy Mary , Vosloo Justine , Yang Nancy 
Published: July 2013

Primary Objective: Review the operational definitions of health and wellness coaching as published in the peer-reviewed medical literature. Background: As global rates of preventable chronic diseases have reached epidemic proportions, there has been an increased focus on strategies to improve health behaviors and associated outcomes. One such strategy, health and wellness coaching, has been inconsistently defined and shown mixed results. Methods: A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)—guided systematic review of the medical literature on health and wellness coaching allowed for compilation of data on specific features of the coaching interventions and background and training of coaches. Results: Eight hundred abstracts were initially identified through PubMed, with 284 full-text articles ultimately included. The majority (76%) were empirical articles. The literature operationalized health and wellness coaching as a process that is fully or partially patient-centered (86% of articles), included patient-determined goals (71%), incorporated self-discovery and active learning processes (63%) (vs more passive receipt of advice), encouraged accountability for behaviors (86%), and provided some type of education to patients along with using coaching processes (91%). Additionally, 78% of articles indicated that the coaching occurs in the context of a consistent, ongoing relationship with a human coach who is trained in specific behavior change, communication, and motivational skills. Conclusions: Despite disparities in how health and wellness coaching have been operationalized previously, this systematic review observes an emerging consensus in what is referred to as health and wellness coaching; namely, a patient-centered process that is based upon behavior change theory and is delivered by health professionals with diverse backgrounds. The actual coaching process entails goal-setting determined by the patient, encourages self-discovery in addition to content education, and incorporates mechanisms for developing accountability in health behaviors. With a clear definition for health and wellness coaching, robust research can more accurately assess the effectiveness of the approach in bringing about changes in health behaviors, health outcomes and associated costs that are targeted to reduce the global burden of chronic disease.
Sugarcane
Authors: Clark Margaret A. ,   Updated by Staff
Published: July 2013

AbstractThis article outlines the history of sugarcane as a source of sucrose sweetener, and traces development of major industrial processes for sugar production.Cane sugar production is accomplished in one or two stages, At sugarcane factories, located in cane growing areas, harvested sugarcane is brought in, sugar‐containing juice is extracted, and sugar crystallizes from the concentrated juice. In the single‐stage process, the juice is purified and bleached white. In a two stage process, the juice is partially purified and unbleached juice is crystallized into yellow or brown‐colored raw sugar. Details are given on control of diseases and pests, harvesting and transportation of the sugarcane for processing. The countries producing centrifugal sugar are listed; Brazil, India, EU‐27, and China lead the list. Noncentrifugal sugar is produced mainly by India and Colombia.The many variations on sugar products are detailed, and include powders, fine‐grain and large‐grain crystals, and cubes. Refined granulated sugar is the principal output of a cane sugar refinery.
Chromatography, Liquid
Authors: Poole C. F. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractLiquid chromatography is a separation technique with three main variants: column liquid chromatography, planar (thin‐layer) chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography. Separations are achieved by the distribution of sample components between a mobile liquid phase and (generally) a porous solid stationary phase. Selectivity differences result from the differences in adsorption, partition, size exclusion, molecular recognition, and electrostatic interactions in the two phases. Defined by mechanism, the main types of liquid chromatography are known as liquid–solid (normal‐phase), reversed‐phase, size‐exclusion, ion‐exchange, affinity, chiral, hydrophilic interaction, and hydrophobic interaction liquid chromatography. These separation mechanisms are supported by a wide range of stationary phase materials whose surface chemistry and morphology are designed for optimum performance selected from porous inorganic oxide, porous organic polymers, porous graphitic carbon, chemically bonded inorganic oxides, and chemically modified porous polymers. Liquid chromatographic methods can also be classified by speed, separation performance, and scale. Here, system properties defined by instrumental parameters have to be considered simultaneously with the physical properties of the stationary phase. Analytical and preparative‐scale applications require different instrument platforms. The method used to control the mobile phase flow (capillary forces, pneumatic forces, or electroosmosis) are further important to design criteria. Liquid chromatographic methods are also sustained by a variety of detection possibilities based on the principles of bulk property and solute property methods employing spectroscopic, electrochemical, light scattering, and ion formation techniques.
Coatings
Authors: Wicks Zeno W. , Jones Frank N. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe article provides a broad survey of coatings based on organic polymers. The scientific understanding of the chemistry and performance of coatings is emphasized and related to practical aspects of coatings technology. Coverage includes film formation, rheology of liquid coatings, mechanical properties of solid films, adhesion, exterior durability and corrosion control, resins for coatings, solvents, pigments, application methods, and more.