bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing ecosystem restoration efficiency through spatial and temporal coordination
Authors: Neeson Thomas M. , Ferris Michael C. , Diebel Matthew W. , Doran Patrick J. , O’Hanley Jesse R. , McIntyre Peter B. 
Published: April 2015

SignificanceSocieties around the world make massive investments in ecosystem restoration projects to mitigate habitat loss, conserve biodiversity, and boost ecosystem services. We use a return-on-investment framework to assess the value of coordinating restoration efforts in space and time to maximize ecological connectivity between the Laurentian Great Lakes and their tributaries, which are fragmented by hundreds of thousands of dams and road crossings. We show that coordinating restoration efforts across the entire region is nine times more cost-effective than local-scale planning. Similarly, a single lump sum investment is up to 10 times more cost-effective than a series of annual allocations. These dramatic economic and ecological efficiencies provide ample incentive for coordinating conservation efforts across broad spatial and temporal scales.
Biological evidence supports an early and complex emergence of the Isthmus of Panama
Authors: Bacon Christine D. , Silvestro Daniele , Jaramillo Carlos , Smith Brian Tilston , Chakrabarty Prosanta , Antonelli Alexandre 
Published: April 2015

SignificanceThe formation of the Isthmus of Panama, which linked North and South America, is key to understanding the biodiversity, oceanography, atmosphere, and climate in the region. Despite its importance across multiple disciplines, the timing of formation and emergence of the Isthmus and the biological patterns it created have been controversial. Here, we analyze molecular and fossil data, including terrestrial and marine organisms, to show that biotic migrations across the Isthmus of Panama began several million years earlier than commonly assumed. An earlier evolution of the Isthmus has broad implications for the mechanisms driving global climate (e.g., Pleistocene glaciations, thermohaline circulation) as well as the rich biodiversity of the Americas.
Transcriptome dynamics of developing maize leaves and genomewide prediction ofciselements and their cognate transcription factors
Authors: Yu Chun-Ping , Chen Sean Chun-Chang , Chang Yao-Ming , Liu Wen-Yu , Lin Hsin-Hung , Lin Jinn-Jy , Chen Hsiang June , Lu Yu-Ju , Wu Yi-Hsuan , Lu Mei-Yeh Jade , Lu Chen-Hua , Shih Arthur Chun-Chieh , Ku Maurice Sun-Ben , Shiu Shin-Han , Wu Shu-Hsing , Li Wen-Hsiung 
Published: April 2015

SignificanceMaize is a major crop and a model plant for studying C4 leaf development. However, its regulatory network of leaf development is poorly understood. We used transcriptomes of developing leaves to study gene-expression dynamics and coexpression to reveal functional transition during maize leaf development. More significantly, we developed methods to predict transcription factor-binding sites (TFBSs) and their cognate transcription factors (TFs) or to use the knownArabidopsisTF–TFBS pairs to predict the maize TF–TFBS pairs. In total, we predicted 1,340 novel TFBSs and 253 new TF–TFBS pairs in maize. Twelve predicted TF–TFBS interactions were validated by functional tests, suggesting that our methods perform well. Our study has significantly expanded our knowledge of the regulatory network of maize leaf development.
Strain and the optoelectronic properties of nonplanar phosphorene monolayers
Authors: Mehboudi Mehrshad , Utt Kainen , Terrones Humberto , Harriss Edmund O. , Pacheco SanJuan Alejandro A. , Barraza-Lopez Salvador 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Phosphorene is a new 2D atomic material, and we document a drastic reduction of its electronic gap when under a conical shape. Furthermore, geometry determines the properties of 2D materials, and we introduce discrete differential geometry to study them. This geometry arises from particle/atomic positions; it is not based on a parametric continuum, and it applies across broad disciplinary lines.
Completion of the seven-step pathway from tabersonine to the anticancer drug precursor vindoline and its assembly in yeast
Authors: Qu Yang , Easson Michael L. A. E. , Froese Jordan , Simionescu Razvan , Hudlicky Tomas , De Luca Vincenzo 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Bioinformatics and virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS)-guided gene discovery combined with biochemical enzyme assays show that tabersonine 3-oxygenase (T3O) and tabersonine 3-reductase (T3R) are required to form 3-hydroxy-16-methoxy-2,3-dihydrotabersonine, an intermediate in the formation of anticancer drug precursor vindoline from tabersonine. In the absence of T3R, tabersonine is converted by T3O to a series of byproducts that can no longer be used by T3R, suggesting a concerted reaction mechanism. Engineering the seven-gene pathway in yeast demonstrated a prototype platform of high potential for industrial production of the anticancer drug precursor vindoline.
Targeting β-arrestin2 in the treatment ofl-DOPA–induced dyskinesia in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Urs Nikhil M. , Bido Simone , Peterson Sean M. , Daigle Tanya L. , Bass Caroline E. , Gainetdinov Raul R. , Bezard Erwan , Caron Marc G. 
Published: April 2015

Significanceβ-Arrestins are unique proteins that have multiple cellular functions such as G protein-coupled receptor signal desensitization, protein trafficking and signaling molecule scaffolding. Treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) motor symptoms byl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) has been hampered by abnormal involuntary movements or dyskinetic side effects. The cause of these dyskinesias has been attributed to receptor supersensitivity and uncontrolled neuronal excitability. Here we demonstrate in multiple preclinical models ofl-DOPA–induced dyskinesias and PD that expression levels of β-arrestin2 can alter manifestation of these dyskinesias by reducing receptor supersensitivity while maintaining the therapeutic effect ofl-DOPA. Thus novel drugs that increase β-arrestin–dependent function at dopamine receptors may be useful in ameliorating PD motor symptoms without inducing dyskinesias.
iRhoms 1 and 2 are essential upstream regulators of ADAM17-dependent EGFR signaling
Authors: Li Xue , Maretzky Thorsten , Weskamp Gisela , Monette Sébastien , Qing Xiaoping , Issuree Priya Darshinee A. , Crawford Howard C. , McIlwain David R. , Mak Tak W. , Salmon Jane E. , Blobel Carl P. 
Published: April 2015

Significance
The skin and intestinal barrier are controlled by signaling scissors, termed ADAM17 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17), that reside in the membrane on the surface of cells. The main purpose of these signaling scissors is to liberate growth factors from their membrane anchor, allowing them to activate their receptors, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The ADAM17/EGFR signaling axis is tightly regulated, yet little is known about the underlying mechanism. Here we use genetic, cell biological, and biochemical approaches to identify two membrane proteins termed iRhoms 1 and 2 (inactive Rhomboid-like proteins) as crucial upstream regulators of ADAM17-dependent EGFR signaling. This uncovers the iRhoms as attractive novel targets to treat ADAM17/EGFR-dependent diseases such as cancer.
Histamine in the basolateral amygdala promotes inhibitory avoidance learning independently of hippocampus
Authors: Benetti Fernando , Furini Cristiane Regina Guerino , de Carvalho Myskiw Jociane , Provensi Gustavo , Passani Maria Beatrice , Baldi Elisabetta , Bucherelli Corrado , Munari Leonardo , Izquierdo Ivan , Blandina Patrizio 
Published: April 2015

Significance
Integrity of the brain histaminergic system is necessary for long-term memory (LTM) but not short-term memory of step-down inhibitory avoidance (IA). Histamine depletion in hippocampus or basolateral amygdala (BLA) impairs LTM of that task. Histamine infusion into either structure restores LTM in histamine-depleted rats. The restoring effect in BLA occurs even when hippocampal activity was impaired. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responsive-element-binding protein phosphorylation correlates anatomically and temporally with histamine-induced memory recall. Thus, histaminergic neurotransmission appears critical to provide the brain with the plasticity necessary for IA through recruitment of alternative circuits. Our findings indicate that the histaminergic system comprises parallel, coordinated pathways that provide compensatory plasticity when one brain structure is compromised.
Particle-in-cell simulations of parametric decay instability of radiofrequency wave in the ion cyclotron range of frequency in an inhomogeneous plasma
Authors: Gan Chunyun , Xiang Nong , Ou Jing , Yu Zhi 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Particle-in-cell simulations have been conducted to investigate the parametric decay processes of radiofrequency waves in the ion cyclotron range of frequency in inhomogeneous plasmas. By choosing the parameters close to those in the ion Bernstein wave heating experiments on the HT-7 tokamak (Li et al 2001 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

43 1227–38), decay channels similar to experimental observations have been found in simulations. It is shown that due to strong inhomogeneity of tokamak edge plasma, layers may exist where selection rules of the mode–mode coupling are satisfied, and resonant parametric decays can occur if the input wave power is sufficiently high. As a result, daughter waves at half-, second- and third-harmonic frequencies of the pump wave can be excited. The nonresonant parametric decay is also observed, and ions are heated via nonlinear Landau damping.
Relationships between macrozoobenthos and habitat characteristics in an intensively used area of the Dutch coastal zone
Authors: de Jong Maarten F. , Baptist Martin J. , Lindeboom Han J. , Hoekstra Piet 
Published: April 2015

Abstract
Distribution patterns and species composition of macrozoobenthos were studied in the Dutch coastal zone in front of the Port of Rotterdam. Relationships between macrozoobenthic assemblages and environmental variables were determined using non-metric dimensional scaling (nMDS) based on 470 boxcore, bottom sledge, and sediment samples collected in spring 2006 and 2008 in a 2500-km2 research area. We investigated two types of benthic assemblages, infaunal assemblages sampled with a boxcorer and epifaunal assemblages sampled with a bottom sledge. Five main in- and epifaunal assemblages were distinguished using clustering techniques and nMDS ordinations. Macrozoobenthic species composition correlated with combinations of measured sediment variables and modelled hydrodynamic variables. Macrozoobenthic species richness and biomass were highest at 20 m deep areas with a grain size of 200 µm, elevated mud and sediment organic matter, and low mean bed shear stress. Considerable interannual differences in macrozoobenthic assemblage distribution were observed which resulted from more Echinoids, Phoronids, and jackknife clams. A distinct, highly productive and species-rich macrozoobenthic white furrow shell Abra alba assemblage coincided in a 8-m deepened shipping lane and near a disposal site for dredged fine sediment. This may be an indication that the benthic system can be changed by these human activities. Modelled bed shear stress is an important variable in addition to sediment variables in explaining distribution patterns in macrozoobenthos.
Resilience: detecting vulnerability in marginal groups
Authors: Mitrović Veselin 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to detect causes of potential vulnerability via indicators of non-resilience among marginalized groups. These causes could become a catalyst for a major deprivation of resilience and further victimization of a group, either while disaster is occurring or in its aftermath.

Design/methodology/approach
– Exploration of resilience was based on social and economic research conducted in Serbia 2012-2013 with one of the most vulnerable communities, with the goal of mapping local understandings of resilience in contrast to issues of risk and vulnerability. A specific two layer methodology, i.e. phenomenology of desperateness was based on sociological imagination and social action.

Findings
– The author detected and labeled the most relevant socio-economic causes of miserable life conditions among the given marginal group. Such analytical dimensions become marked as the indicators of vulnerabilities. Mapping these vulnerabilities, especially among the marginal communities, is the first step in preventing their victimization.

Practical implications
– The responsible social agents are compatible with the creation of the relevant map and profile of the most vulnerable actors with the goal of preventing a possible eugenics selection during DRR and response.

Social implications
– In addition to preventing victimization during a disaster, this study provides preventives of the sentiment-driven actions induced by paternalistically organised everyday life (established by way of the same indicators) within the framework of a new totalitarian ideology, such as a para-military organization of daily activities.

Originality/value
– This paper provides a specific methodology for detecting desperateness as an inner process in vulnerability and new insights into the comprehension of the relation between social structure of marginal groups, their resilience and their members’ vulnerability.
Building local level engagement in disaster risk reduction: a Portugese case study
Authors: Burnside-Lawry Judy , Carvalho Luis 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– Contributing to the global dialogue on disaster risk reduction (DRR), the purpose of this paper is to address a key priority for the Post-2015 Framework for DRR (HFA2) by analysing initiatives used by one local government to increase local-level engagement in DRR.

Design/methodology/approach
– A review of literature from the multidisciplinary areas of communication, social and political theory examines the role that communication theory and practice can play in facilitating public participation to build community resilience. Building on these insights, the authors introduce a research methodology to examine modes of communication, the quality of dialogue and opportunities for “voice” and “listening” between decision makers and local-level stakeholders during DRR planning A qualitative, case study is undertaken with data sourced from observation, document analysis and interviews to provide insights into public engagement events, policies and procedures that enhance or impede local engagement in DRR.

Findings
– Communication between the DRR campaign team and publics are analysed according to the range of communication practices used and opportunities provided for dialogue between parties. Findings differentiate between public information, consultation and participation events. Factors that enable and conversely, constrain local-level engagement to build community resilience, and conditions associated with each factor, are identified.

Research limitations/implications
– A unique analytical framework adapted from the duel lenses of participatory communication and information flow models, is used to differentiate events using one-way information from those offering opportunities for dialogue and participation. The framework provides a method for DRR practitioners to plan and evaluate local-level engagement events to meet the communication needs of particular situations.

Practical implications
– The framework provides a method for DRR practitioners to plan and evaluate local-level engagement events to meet the communication needs of particular situations.

Originality/value
– Co-authored by an Australian academic and a member of Amadora’s campaign team, the paper is a combination of one city’s experience in developing strategies to build community resilience, analysed using communication, social and political theory. Findings have implications for standard command-and-control management systems and styles of leadership and crisis management. Results will assist practitioners’ advance their understanding of different ways that publics may be engaged to build community resilience.
Interdependent critical infrastructures resilience: methodology and case study
Authors: Robert Benoît , Morabito Luciano , Cloutier Irène , Hémond Yannick 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a coherence analysis to evaluate the resilience for a critical infrastructure (CI). This is the new way to evaluate the CI and demonstrate that the authors need to pass from the protection towards resilience.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors use two approaches for this research. First is a consequence-based approach to evaluate the resilience. This approach has been used many times for evaluating the interdependencies between CIs. The second is a systemic approach to characterize the system and doing the coherence analysis.

Findings
– This paper presents a methodology to evaluate the coherence in a context of CIs protection. The coherence analysis in resilience is a new concept and the first result to the application seems very good for the user of the research.

Originality/value
– The originality of this paper is the coherence analysis applied to a resilience evaluation. The criteria for coherence analysis is innovative and it is a new way to consider the resilience and the relation between an organization and it is partners. Another value is the need for a wider scope in the analysis of hazards and how to address them that includes the infrastructure system itself, but also other related organizations and infrastructure systems.
Multi-agency gold incident command training for civil emergencies
Authors: P. Wilson John , Gosiewska Sarah 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it will trace, for the first time, the historical events which have progressively influenced emergency training. Second, it will evaluate the design considerations and delivery of strategic training to participants attending a multi-agency gold incident command programme. Finally, it will make recommendations about the suitability of training approaches for different aspects of emergency training.

Design/methodology/approach
– This research used a mixed methods study design involving a longitudinal literature review of disasters which influenced training; and a case study of multi-agency training.

Findings
– Guidance for major incidents developed in a relatively ad hoc manner until consolidated by the Civil Contingencies Act (2004). In addition, health and safety considerations prevent on-the-job training during major incidents. Furthermore, different forms of training would appear to be more suited to training for the different stages of a major incident.

Research limitations/implications
– The European Union delegates responsibility for emergency planning to individual nations. Although the findings relate to this UK case study the lessons learned would appear to be generic and may be applicable in other countries.

Practical implications
– Emergency training is a statutory requirement and therefore needs to be systematically organised. Different types of training are suited to different stages of a major incident.

Social implications
– Emergency training is a statutory requirement and therefore needs to be systematically organised. Different types of training are suited to different stages of a major incident.

Originality/value
– This is the first paper charting the historical development of emergency training. There is a limited base of literature for emergency training.
Evaluation of civil protection programmes, with a case study from Mexico
Authors: Alexander David E. 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology for assessing and characterising the state of development of a civil protection (emergency preparedness) system, with particular attention to the local level, where such systems are rooted.Design/methodology/approach– Groups of indicators are suggested as a means of evaluating each component of the system. The paper proposes a means of using these to identify which parts of the system are most in need of development and additional resources, something that will also depend on local hazards, vulnerabilities and priorities. In order to illustrate the methodology, an example is presented from the town Teziutlán in the central Mexican state of Puebla.Findings– The civil protection system of Teziutlán is in the midst of a long, difficult and uneven phase of growth, in which there are both encouraging developments and seriously neglected elements. Analysis of Teziutlán using the indicators listed in the preceding methodological section enables a model to be proposed for the emergence of a system of emergency preparedness and response at the local level.Research limitations/implications– This paper proposes a simple methodology and uses one very modest example to illustrate it. However, civil protection systems at many scales and in many countries would benefit from evaluation of their strengths and weaknesses.Practical implications– It is hoped that this will be of use to those who wish to evaluate the development of local and regional civil protection elsewhere in the world.Social implications– Improvement of response capabilities is crucial to the development of a better civil protection system and the protection of the population against disaster.Originality/value– Although assessment is widely used in science, technology and business, it has rarely been applied systematically to emergency management and civil protection systems.
Is there nothing outside the tags?
Authors: Murphy Helen , Rafferty Pauline 
Published: April 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore relationships between social tagging and key poststructuralist principles; to devise and construct an analytical framework through which key poststructuralist principles are converted into workable research questions and applied to analyse Librarything tags, and to assess the validity of performing such an analysis. The research hypothesis is that tagging represents an imperfect analogy for the poststructuralist project.Design/methodology/approach– Tags from LibraryThing and from a library OPAC were compared and constrasted with Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) and publishers’ descriptions. Research questions derived from poststructuralism, asked whether tags destabilise meaning, whether and how far the death of the author is expressed in tags, and whether tags deconstruct LCSH.Findings– Tags can temporarily destabilise meaning by obfuscating the structure of a word. Meaning is destabilised, perhaps only momentarily, and then it is recreated; it might resemble the original meaning, or it may not, however any attempt to make tags useful or functional necessarily imposes some form of structure. The analysis indicates that in tagging, the author, if not dead, is ignored. Authoritative interpretations are not pervasively mimicked in the tags. In relation to LCSH, tagging decentres the dominant view, but neither exposes nor judges it. Nor does tagging achieve the final stage of the deconstructive process, showing the dominant view to be a constructed reality.Originality/value– This is one of very few studies to have attempted a critical theoretical approach to social tagging. It offers a novel methodological approach to undertaking analysis based on poststructuralist theory.