bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACA CO(J = 2–1) mapping of the nearest spiral galaxy M 33. II. Exploring the evolution of giant molecular clouds
Authors: Konishi Ayu , Muraoka Kazuyuki , Tokuda Kazuki , Fujita Shinji , Fukui Yasuo , Yamada Rin I , Demachi Fumika , Tachihara Kengo , Kobayashi Masato I N , Kuno Nario , Tsuge Kisetsu , Sano Hidetoshi , Miura Rie E , Kawamura Akiko , Onishi Toshikazu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The evolution of giant molecular clouds (GMCs), the main sites of high-mass star formation, is an essential process to unravel the galaxy evolution. Using a GMC catalogue of M 33 from the ALMA-ACA (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array–Atacama Compact Array) survey, we classified 848 GMCs into three types based on the association with H ii regions and their H$\alpha$ luminosities $L\, (\rm{H}\alpha )$: Type I is associated with no H ii regions; Type II with H ii regions of $L\, (\rm{H}\alpha )$ $\lt 10^{37.5}$ erg s$^{-1}$; and Type III with H ii regions of $L\, (\rm{H}\alpha )$ $\geqq$ $10^{37.5}$ erg s$^{-1}$. These criteria yield 224 Type I GMCs, 473 Type II GMCs, and 151 Type III GMCs. GMCs show changes in their physical properties according to the types; mass, radius, velocity dispersion, and $^{13}$CO detection rate of GMCs systematically increase from Type I to Type III, and additionally, Type III GMCs are closest to virial equilibrium. Type III GMCs show the highest spatial correlation with clusters younger than $10\:$Myr, Type II GMCs moderate correlation, and Type I GMCs are almost uncorrelated. We interpret that these types indicate an evolutionary sequence from Type I to Type II, and then to Type III with timescales of 4 Myr, 13 Myr, and 5 Myr, respectively, indicating a GMC lifetime of 22 Myr by assuming that a Type II GMC has the same timescale as the Large Magellanic Cloud. The evolved GMCs are concentrated on the spiral arms, while the younger GMCs are apart from the arm, both to the leading and trailing sides. This indicates that GMCs collide with each other via the spiral potential, leading to the compression of GMCs and the triggering of high-mass star formation, which may support the dynamic spiral model. Overall, we suggest that the GMC evolution concept helps illuminate the galaxy evolution, including the spiral arm formation.
The complexity of volatile terpene biosynthesis in roses: Particular insights into β-citronellol production
Authors: Li Hongjie , Li Yueqing , Yan Huijun , Bao Tingting , Shan Xiaotong , Caissard Jean-Claude , Zhang Liangsheng , Fang Huiyi , Bai Xue , Zhang Jia , Wang Zhaoxuan , Wang Min , Guan Qian , Cai Ming , Ning Guogui , Jia Xiujuan , Boachon Benoît , Baudino Sylvie , Gao Xiang 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The fascinating scent of rose (Rosa genus) flowers has captivated human senses for centuries, making them one of the most popular and widely used floral fragrances. Despite much progress over the last decade, many biochemical pathways responsible for rose scents remain unclear. We analyzed the floral scent compositions from various rose varieties and selected the modern cultivar Rosa hybrida “Double Delight” as a model system to unravel the formation of rose dominant volatile terpenes, which contribute substantially to the rose fragrance. Key genes involved in rose terpene biosynthesis were functionally characterized. Cytosolic geranyl diphosphate (GPP) generated by geranyl/farnesyl diphosphate synthase (G/FPPS1) catalysis played a pivotal role in rose scent production, and terpene synthases in roses play an important role in the formation of most volatile terpenes, but not for geraniol, citral, or β-citronellol. Subsequently, a series of enzymes, including geraniol dehydrogenase, geranial reductase, 12-oxophytodienoate reductase, and citronellal reductase, were characterized as involved in the transformation of geraniol to β-citronellol in roses through three successive steps. Interestingly, the β-citronellol biosynthesis pathway appears to be conserved in other horticultural plants like Lagerstroemia caudata and Paeonia lactiflora. Our findings provide valuable insights into the biosynthesis of rose volatile terpenoid compounds and offer essential gene resources for future breeding and molecular modification efforts.
On the Economic Origins of Concerns Over Women’s Chastity
Authors: Becker Anke 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article studies the origins and function of customs and norms that intend to keep women from being promiscuous. Using large-scale survey data from more than 100 countries, I test the anthropological theory that a particular form of pre-industrial subsistence—pastoralism—favoured the adoption of such customs and norms. Pastoralism was characterized by frequent and often extended periods of male absence from the settlement, implying difficulties in monitoring women’s behaviour and larger incentives to imposing restrictions on women’s promiscuity. The article shows that women from historically more pastoral societies (i) are subject to stronger anti-abortion attitudes; (ii) are more likely to have undergone infibulation, the most invasive form of female genital cutting; (iii) are more restricted in their freedom of mobility; and (iv) adhere to more restrictive norms about women’s promiscuity. At the historical society level, pastoralism predicts patrilocality, the custom of living close to the husband’s family after marriage, allowing them to monitor the bride. Instrumental variable estimations that make use of the ecological determinants of pastoralism support a causal interpretation of the results. I also provide evidence that the mechanism behind these patterns is male absence, rather than male dominance, per se, or historical economic development.
Tracking vigilance fluctuations in real-time: a sliding-window heart rate variability-based machine-learning approach
Authors: Xie Tian , Ma Ning 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
Heart rate variability (HRV)-based machine learning models hold promise for real-world vigilance evaluation, yet their real-time applicability is limited by lengthy feature extraction times and reliance on subjective benchmarks. This study aimed to improve the objectivity and efficiency of HRV-based vigilance evaluation by associating HRV and behavior metrics through a sliding window approach.

Methods
Forty-four healthy adults underwent psychomotor vigilance tasks under both well-rested and sleep-deprived conditions, with simultaneous electrocardiogram recording. A sliding-window approach (30 seconds length, 10 seconds step) was used for HRV feature extraction and behavior assessment. Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to examine how HRV related to objective vigilance levels. Stability selection technique was applied for feature selection, and the vigilance ground truth—high (fastest 40%), intermediate (middle 20%), and low (slowest 40%)—was determined based on each participant’s range of performance. Four machine-learning classifiers—k-nearest neighbors, support vector machine (SVM), AdaBoost, and random forest—were trained and tested using cross-validation.

Results
Fluctuated vigilance performance indicated pronounced state instability, particularly after sleep deprivation. Temporary decrements in performance were associated with a decrease in heart rate and an increase in time-domain heart rate variability. SVM achieved the best performance, with a cross-validated accuracy of 89% for binary classification of high versus low vigilance epochs. Overall accuracy dropped to 72% for three-class classification in leave-one-participant-out cross-validation, but SVM maintained a precision of 84% in identifying low-vigilance epochs.

Conclusions
Sliding-window-based HRV metrics would effectively capture the fluctuations in vigilance during task execution, enabling more timely and accurate detection of performance decrement.
Investigating iontophoresis as a therapeutic approach for Peyronie’s disease: a systematic review
Authors: Eslami Sahand , Tahmasbi Fateme , Rahimi-Mamaghani Alireza , Sanaie Sarvin , Bettocchi Carlo , Sedigh Omid , Soleimanzadeh Farzin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Iontophoresis therapy (IPT) is a noninvasive technique that uses electrical impulses to deliver charged molecules into the skin for controlled and targeted drug delivery. IPT has been explored as a noninvasive treatment option for Peyronie’s disease (PD), but the current literature in this regard is still scarce.

Objective
We aimed to systematically review the current literature on the application of IPT in the management of PD to provide a comprehensive evaluation and holistic outlook on the subject.

Method
A comprehensive search strategy was implemented in the following databases to retrieve research articles: PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Web of Science. Google Scholar was also manually searched. The search results were imported into Rayyan reference management for assessment based on the predefined inclusion criteria. The quality of the articles was evaluated by the proper JBI checklist (ie, per the study design), and the JBI grades of recommendation were used for grading the evidence.

Results
A systematic search yielded 451 publications, 11 of which met the criteria to be included in this systematic review. The results demonstrated that IPT, usually with verapamil and dexamethasone, has shown promising results in treating PD. These methods can reduce pain, plaque size, and penile curvature while improving sexual function and quality of life with no serious adverse events. However, most studies had moderate to low quality, indicating a weak recommendation for a certain health management strategy.

Conclusion
Based on the extant literature, there is currently insufficient evidence to support the use of IPT for the management of PD. Placing it in the forefront of research can facilitate the management choices for PD even further, given its therapeutic potential.
Cell-free synthesis of infective phages from in vitro assembled phage genomes for efficient phage engineering and production of large phage libraries
Authors: Kristensen Camilla S , Petersen Anders Ø , Kilstrup Mogens , van der Helm Eric , Takos Adam 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Bacteriophages are promising alternatives to traditional antimicrobial treatment of bacterial infections. To further increase the potential of phages, efficient engineering methods are needed. This study investigates an approach to phage engineering based on phage rebooting and compares selected methods of assembly and rebooting of phage genomes. GG assembly of phage genomes and subsequent rebooting by cell-free transcription–translation reactions yielded the most efficient phage engineering and allowed production of a proof-of-concept T7 phage library of 1.8 × 107 phages. We obtained 7.5 × 106 different phages, demonstrating generation of large and diverse libraries suitable for high-throughput screening of mutant phenotypes. Implementing versatile and high-throughput phage engineering methods allows vastly accelerated and improved phage engineering, bringing us closer to applying effective phages to treat infections in the clinic.
‘This modern Cinderella’: Railway Queens, mass media, and British civic culture, 1925–75
Authors: Scott Conner Rivers 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Between 1925 and 1975, the British railway industry elected beauty queens from the daughters of employees. Focusing upon the Railway Queens, this article will reveal the importance of beauty queens as ‘civic celebrities’, a novel role for public figures that emerged between the wars and helped to sustain a vibrant civic culture across the early to mid-twentieth century. It combined the traditional ceremonial function of ‘civic’ representative with the modern consumerist ethos of media ‘celebrity’. Despite the gendered constraints of such competitions, this article posits that serving as a beauty queen enabled young working-class women to become legitimate representatives of various civic communities for the first time, whilst also enabling participation in the media’s image-making of glamorous, consumerist femininities. As such, the role rendered civic and consumer cultures more inclusive and increasingly inextricable. This article further suggests that civic celebrities altered how communities were represented to themselves within British civic culture. If elites continued to represent hierarchical communities of authority and deference, then from the 1920s onwards, civic celebrities such as beauty queens began to represent relatively democratic communities of non-partisan inclusivity and consumer aspiration.
Air‐ventilated normothermic mechanical perfusion improves susceptibility to donation after circulatory death and cold preservation‐induced cholestatic liver injury through PPAR‐γ/UGT1A1 axis
Authors: Wang Yong , Tao Ruo‐Lin , Yu Dong‐Sheng , Wu Kai‐Wen , Bai Yang , Yang Dong‐Jing , Gu Yue , Guo Wen‐Zhi , Zhang Shui‐Jun , Jin Yang , Shi Ji‐Hua 
Published: August 2024

AbstractEnd‐ischemic normothermic mechanical perfusion (NMP) could provide a curative treatment to reduce cholestatic liver injury from donation after circulatory death (DCD) in donors. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Our previous study demonstrated that air‐ventilated NMP could improve functional recovery of DCD in a preclinical NMP rat model. Here, metabolomics analysis revealed that air‐ventilated NMP alleviated DCD‐ and cold preservation‐induced cholestatic liver injury, as shown by the elevated release of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin, and γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) in the perfusate (p < .05) and the reduction in the levels of bile acid metabolites, including ω‐muricholic acid, glycohyodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, and glycochenodeoxycholate (GCDC) in the perfused livers (p < .05). In addition, the expression of the key bile acid metabolism enzyme UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1), which is predominantly expressed in hepatocytes, was substantially elevated in the DCD rat liver, followed by air‐ventilated NMP (p < .05), and in vitro, this increase was induced by decreased GCDC and hypoxia‐reoxygenation in the hepatic cells HepG2 and L02 (p < .05). Knockdown of UGT1A1 in hepatic cells by siRNA aggravated hepatic injury caused by GCDC and hypoxia‐reoxygenation, as indicated by the ALT and AST levels in the supernatant. Mechanistically, UGT1A1 is transcriptionally regulated by peroxisome proliferator‐activator receptor‐γ (PPAR‐γ) under hypoxia–physoxia. Taken together, our data revealed that air‐ventilated NMP could alleviate DCD‐ and cold preservation‐induced cholestatic liver injury through PPAR‐γ/UGT1A1 axis. Based on the results from this study, air‐ventilated NMP confers a promising approach for predicting and alleviating cholestatic liver injury through PPAR‐γ/UGT1A1 axis.
Implementing a Peer Support Program for Second Victims
Authors: Johnson Bernadette , New Luci , Ballister Michele , Brown Courtney , Scott Susan 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
The second victim phenomenon describes the distress frequently experienced by health care providers after an unintentional medical error or unexpected adverse event. However, few health care institutions have initiatives that proactively address this phenomenon. The pilot project discussed in this article aimed to create a peer support program for health care providers experiencing the second victim phenomenon. The project team validated the need for such a program among health care providers in the perioperative departments of two facilities within a large health care organization in the southeastern United States. To do this, they used a survey, the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool. Among survey respondents in the two departments, 80% and 87.6% indicated a strong desire to discuss their emotional challenges with a respected peer colleague after a traumatic event. The project team then developed and implemented a peer support program in three phases to 1) educate staff across the facility on second victimization, 2) recruit and train volunteer peer supporters, and 3) launch the pilot program by embedding these peer supporters in the two perioperative departments. A survey completed by participants in the pilot program showed that 80% of respondents found the peer support extremely beneficial, 20% found it very beneficial, and 100% would recommend peer support to a colleague. This successful pilot project could inform the establishment of peer support programs at other institutions to assist health care providers experiencing the second victim phenomenon.
Back to school
Authors: Best Nakia C. , Thomas Cassidie S. , Mosley-Williams Felicia , Chang Amanda , Nielsen Tiffany 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Preparing for the new school year is an exciting and busy time. An important task for parents and caregivers during the back-to-school season is to ensure that their child or adolescent is up to date with their vaccines. NPs play a vital role in guiding parents and caregivers through the vaccination process, thereby ensuring that school-aged children and adolescents' health requirements are met. This article provides NPs with resources to assist in making decisions about child and adolescent immunizations. It also explores effective communication strategies to convey the benefits of vaccination to parents and caregivers, equipping NPs with the necessary knowledge and tools to navigate vaccination complexities and advocate for the health and safety of school-aged children and adolescents.
Abdominal Mesh Use in Pedicled Rectus Abdominis Flaps for Pelvic Reconstruction
Authors: Barnes Laura L. , Holland Michael C. , Lentz Rachel , Knox Jacquelyn A. , Sbitany Hani , Piper Merisa 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Rectus abdominis flap coverage of high-risk perineal wounds following extirpative pelvic procedures can result in improved perineal outcomes. However, rectus abdominis flap harvest has morbidity associated with the donor site, including hernia or bulge development. The risk–benefit profile of mesh use in this scenario is not well-defined in the literature.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent rectus abdominis flap coverage of pelvic defects at our institution during July 2012–January 2021. Patient characteristics and postoperative outcomes were assessed. Patients were stratified into groups based on whether mesh was used and whether primary fascial closure was achieved. Donor site outcomes were analyzed between groups.

Results:
One hundred consecutive patients were included. When considering all patients in whom primary fascial closure was achieved, the use of mesh did not significantly decrease rates of hernia development. Mesh use in this setting was associated with significantly greater rates of infection, requiring procedural intervention (12% versus 0%, P = 0.044). When considering all patients in whom mesh was used, primary fascial closure was associated with decreased rates of hernia development, and this trended toward significance (16.1% versus 0.0%, P = 0.058).

Conclusions:
When closing a pedicled rectus abdominis flap donor site, if primary fascial closure is achievable, the addition of mesh to reinforce the repair does not have an added benefit. Mesh use in this setting was not shown to prevent hernia or bulge development, and was found to be associated with significantly greater rates of infection, requiring procedural intervention.
Comparison of blood-based liver fibrosis scores in the Mount Sinai Health System, MASLD Registry, and NHANES 2017–2020 study
Authors: Chen Robert , Petrazzini Ben Omega , Nadkarni Girish , Rocheleau Ghislain , Bansal Meena B. , Do Ron 
Published: August 2024

Background:
Liver fibrosis is a critical public health concern, necessitating early detection to prevent progression. This study evaluates the recently developed LiverRisk score and steatosis-associated Fibrosis Estimator (SAFE) score against established indices for prognostication and/or fibrosis prediction in 4diverse cohorts, including participants with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).

Methods:
We used data from the Mount Sinai Data Warehouse (32,828 participants without liver disease diagnoses), the Mount Sinai MASLD/MASH Longitudinal Registry (422 participants with MASLD), and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2020 (4133 participants representing the general population) to compare LiverRisk score, FIB-4 index, APRI, and SAFE score. Analyses included Cox proportional hazards regressions, Kaplan-Meier estimates, and classification metrics to evaluate performance in prognostication and fibrosis prediction.

Results:
In Mount Sinai Data Warehouse, LiverRisk score was significantly associated with future liver-related outcomes but did not significantly outperform FIB-4 or APRI for predicting any of the outcomes. In the general population, LiverRisk score and SAFE score outperformed FIB-4 and APRI in identifying fibrosis, but LiverRisk score underperformed among participants who were non-White or had type 2 diabetes. Among participants with MASLD, SAFE score outperformed FIB-4 and APRI in 1 of 2 cohorts, but there were generally few significant performance differences between all 4 scores.

Conclusions:
LiverRisk score does not consistently outperform existing predictors in diverse populations, and further validation is needed before adoption in settings with significant differences from the original derivation cohorts. It remains necessary to replicate the ability of these scores to predict liver-specific mortality, as well as to develop diagnostic tools for liver fibrosis that are accessible and substantially better than current scores, especially among patients with MASLD and other chronic liver conditions.
Genetic variants associated with immune-mediated liver injury from checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Fontana Robert J. , Li Yi-Ju , Chen Vincent , Kleiner David , Stolz Andrew , Odin Joe , Vuppalanchi Raj , Gu Jiezhun , Dara Lily , Barnhart Huiman ,   on behalf of the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network
Published: August 2024

Background:
The clinical features, liver histology, and genetic variants in 57 patients with moderate to severe immune-mediated liver injury from checkpoint inhibitors (ILICI) are presented.

Methods:
Between 2010 and 2022, 57 high-causality ILICI cases were enrolled in the Drug-Induced Liver Injury Network. HLA and selected candidate gene variants were tested for association with ILICI risk compared to the general population and other DILI controls.

Results:
The 57 high-causality cases were attributed to pembrolizumab (16), ipilimumab (15), ipilimumab and nivolumab (13), and other immune checkpoint inhibitors (13) and occurred at a median of 72 days after the first infusion. Median age was 57.8 years, 66% male, and 89% were non-Hispanic Whites. At DILI onset, 53% had hepatocellular, 35% mixed, and 15% cholestatic, with younger patients more likely to have hepatocellular injury. The incidence of ANA, smooth muscle antibody, and elevated IgG levels was low (17%, 23%, and 0%), but corticosteroids were given to 86%. Microgranulomas and hepatic steatosis were seen in 54% and 46% of the 26 liver biopsies, respectively. The HLA alleles associated with autoimmune hepatitis were not over-represented, but 2 host immune response genes (EDIL3 and SAMA5A) and 3 other genes (GABRP, SMAD3, and SLCO1B1) were associated with ILICI (OR: 2.08–2.4, p<0.01).

Conclusions:
ILICI typically arises within 12 weeks of initiating immunotherapy and is self-limited in most cases. Genetic variants involved in host T-cell regulation and drug disposition were identified, implicating these pathways in the pathogenesis of ILICI. If validated, these findings could lead to improved diagnostic instruments and possible treatments for ILICI.