bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal imaging of mild traumatic brain injury and persistent postconcussion syndrome
Authors: Dean Philip J.A. , Sato Joao R. , Vieira Gilson , McNamara Adam , Sterr Annette 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundPersistent postconcussion syndrome (PCS) occurs in around 5–10% of individuals after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), but research into the underlying biology of these ongoing symptoms is limited and inconsistent. One reason for this could be the heterogeneity inherent to mTBI, with individualized injury mechanisms and psychological factors. A multimodal imaging study may be able to characterize the injury better.AimTo look at the relationship between functional (fMRI), structural (diffusion tensor imaging), and metabolic (magnetic resonance spectroscopy) data in the same participants in the long term (>1 year) after injury. It was hypothesized that only those mTBI participants with persistent PCS would show functional changes, and that these changes would be related to reduced structural integrity and altered metabolite concentrations.MethodsFunctional changes associated with persistent PCS after mTBI (>1 year postinjury) were investigated in participants with and without PCS (both n = 8) and non‐head injured participants (n = 9) during performance of working memory and attention/processing speed tasks. Correlation analyses were performed to look at the relationship between the functional data and structural and metabolic alterations in the same participants.ResultsThere were no behavioral differences between the groups, but participants with greater PCS symptoms exhibited greater activation in attention‐related areas (anterior cingulate), along with reduced activation in temporal, default mode network, and working memory areas (left prefrontal) as cognitive load was increased from the easiest to the most difficult task. Functional changes in these areas correlated with reduced structural integrity in corpus callosum and anterior white matter, and reduced creatine concentration in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.ConclusionThese data suggest that the top‐down attentional regulation and deactivation of task‐irrelevant areas may be compensating for the reduction in working memory capacity and variation in white matter transmission caused by the structural and metabolic changes after injury. This may in turn be contributing to secondary PCS symptoms such as fatigue and headache. Further research is required using multimodal data to investigate the mechanisms of injury after mTBI, but also to aid individualized diagnosis and prognosis.
The Role of Therapist Attachment in Alliance and Outcome: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Degnan Amy , Seymour‐Hyde Annily , Harris Alison , Berry Katherine 
Published: December 2014

ObjectivesThis review examined the impact of therapist attachment style on therapeutic alliance and outcomes.MethodsSystematic search procedures yielded 11 studies for inclusion that measured associations between therapist attachment style and alliance and/or outcome.ResultsThere is some preliminary evidence that therapist attachment style and interactions between therapist and client attachment style contribute to alliance and therapy outcomes. However, methodological weaknesses and heterogeneity across studies highlight the need for more rigorously designed research in this area.ConclusionsThere is sufficient evidence to suggest that therapists need to pay attention to the influence of their own attachment style in therapeutic processes and that there is merit in pursing this area of research further. The review is important in highlighting key design issues to consider in future studies. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message
Therapist attachment style has the potential to influence therapeutic alliance and client outcome.
Improvements in therapeutic practice might be achieved if therapists have greater knowledge of their own attachment styles and how these interact with their clients' attachment styles to influence the psychotherapy relationship and outcomes.
From the outset of their careers, therapists should receive training and supervision to enhance the awareness of their individual attachment experiences and how these play out during the therapeutic process.
Nobiletin Inhibits PDGF‐BB‐Induced Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration and Attenuates Neointimal Hyperplasia in a Rat Carotid Artery Injury Model
Authors: Guan Siyu , Tang Qizhu , Liu Wenwei , Zhu Rui , Li Bin 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Preclinical Research

The abnormal migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a pivotal role in the development of neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. Nobiletin, a citrus bioflavonoid, exhibits anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidative activities. The present study evalutaed whether nobiletin could inhibit platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐BB‐ stimulated VSMC proliferation and migration and decrease neointimal hyperplasia in a rat carotid artery injury model. Cultured VSMCs from rat thoracic aortas were treated with nobiletin before being stimulated with 20 ng/ml PDGF‐BB, and rats were subjected to carotid artery injury. Nobiletin inhibited PDGF‐BB‐induced VSMC proliferation and migration, attenuated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and the expression of nuclear NF‐κB p65 in PDGF‐BB‐stimulated VSMCs. Nobiletin decreased the intima area and the ratio of neointima to media in balloon‐injured rat carotid arteries. Serum levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in nobiletin‐treated rats were decreased. These results indicated that nobiletin could be a potential protective agent for the prevention and treatment of restenosis after angioplasty.
Reconstruction of a windborne insect invasion using a particle dispersal model, historical wind data, andBayesian analysis of genetic data
Authors: Lander Tonya A. , Klein Etienne K. , Oddou‐Muratorio Sylvie , Candau Jean‐Noël , Gidoin Cindy , Chalon Alain , Roig Anne , Fallour Delphine , Auger‐Rozenberg Marie‐Anne , Boivin Thomas 
Published: December 2014

AbstractUnderstanding how invasive species establish and spread is vital for developing effective management strategies for invaded areas and identifying new areas where the risk of invasion is highest. We investigated the explanatory power of dispersal histories reconstructed based on local‐scale wind data and a regional‐scale wind‐dispersed particle trajectory model for the invasive seed chalcid waspMegastigmus schimitscheki(Hymenoptera: Torymidae) in France. The explanatory power was tested by: (1) survival analysis of empirical data onM. schimitschekipresence, absence and year of arrival at 52 stands of the wasp's obligate hosts,Cedrus(true cedar trees); and (2) Approximate Bayesian analysis ofM. schimitschekigenetic data using a coalescence model. The Bayesian demographic modeling and traditional population genetic analysis suggested that initial invasion across the range was the result of long‐distance dispersal from the longest established sites. The survival analyses of the windborne expansion patterns derived from a particle dispersal model indicated that there was an informative correlation between theM. schimitschekipresence/absence data from the annual surveys and the scenarios based on regional‐scale wind data. These three very different analyses produced highly congruent results supporting our proposal that wind is the most probable vector for passive long‐distance dispersal of this invasive seed wasp. This result confirms that long‐distance dispersal from introduction areas is a likely driver of secondary expansion of alien invasive species. Based on our results, management programs for this and other windborne invasive species may consider (1) focusing effort at the longest established sites and (2) monitoring outlying populations remains critically important due to their influence on rates of spread. We also suggest that there is a distinct need for new analysis methods that have the capacity to combine empirical spatiotemporal field data, genetic data, and environmental data to investigate dispersal and invasion.
Homometallic FeIII4 and Heterometallic {FeIII4LnIII2} (Ln = Dy, Tb) Complexes – Syntheses, Structures, and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Goura Joydeb , Mereacre Valeriu , Novitchi Ghenadie , Powell Annie K. , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe sequential reaction of the multisite coordination ligand 2‐methoxy‐6‐{[2‐(2‐hydroxyethylamino)ethylimino]methyl}phenol (LH2) with Fe(ClO4)2·4H2O or a combination of Fe(ClO4)2·4H2O and Ln(NO3)3·5H2O [DyIII and TbIII] in the presence of tetramethylammonium hydroxide and pivalic acid (pivH) under ambient conditions afforded a homometallic tetranuclear FeIII complex and heterometallic hexanuclear FeIII/LnIII complexes, namely, [Fe4(μ3‐O)2(L)4]·3CH3CN·2CH3OH (1), [Fe4Dy2(μ3‐O)2(L)2(O2CCMe3)10(MeOH)]·2CH3CN (2), and [Fe4Tb2(μ3‐O)2(L)2(O2CCMe3)10(HO2CCMe3)]·H2O (3). Compounds 1–3 crystallize in the monoclinic system in space group P21/n (Z = 4). The homometallic tetranuclear derivative 1 possesses three contiguous four‐membered Fe2O2 rings in a ladderlike configuration. Each of the iron centers is hexacoordinate (2N, 4O) in a distorted octahedral geometry. On the other hand, 2 and 3 contain two symmetrically related Fe2Ln units that are joined to each other through oxygen atoms from the ethoxide side arms of the ligand L2–; the two lanthanide ions are located at the opposite ends of the hexanuclear core. In 2 and 3, the lanthanide centers are eight‐ (distorted trigonal dodecahedron) and nine‐coordinate (distorted monocapped square antiprism), respectively, and the iron centers are hexacoordinate (distorted octahedral). Magnetic studies on 2 and 3 reveal the presence of weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the FeIII and LnIII ions.
Synthesis and Stability of Nucleoside 3′,5′‐Cyclic Phosphate Triesters Masked with Enzymatically and Thermally Labile Phosphate Protecting Groups
Authors: Sontakke Vyankat A. , Shinde Vaishali S. , Lönnberg Harri , Ora Mikko 
Published: December 2014

AbstractAppropriately protected structurally modified nucleoside 3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphates are known to show antiviral activity. For this reason, a straightforward synthesis of nucleoside 3′,5′‐cyclic phosphates protected with three different enzymatically removable groups, viz. 3‐acetyloxy‐2,2‐bis(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl (in 1 and 4), 4‐acetylthio‐2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐oxobutyl (in 2), and 4‐(tert‐butyldisulfanyl)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐3‐oxobutyl (in 3) groups, is described. Removal of these protecting groups at pH 7.5 and 37 °C was monitored by reverse‐phase HPLC.
Synthesis of Block Copolymers Containing Polybutadiene Segments by Combination of Coordinative Chain Transfer Polymerization, Ring‐Opening Polymerization, and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Wang Feng , Dong Bo , Liu Heng , Guo Jun , Zheng Wenjie , Zhang Chunyu , Zhao Liping , Bai Chenxi , Hu Yanming , Zhang Xuequan 
Published: November 2014

Two triblock copolymers, polybutadiene‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PBD‐b‐PCL‐b‐PMMA) and polybutadiene‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐block‐polystyrene (PBD‐b‐PCL‐b‐PS), are synthesized by combination of coordinative chain transfer polymerization (CCTP), ring‐opening polymerization (ROP), and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The molecular structures of these polymers are determined by 1H NMR and gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis. The resulting triblock copolymers are evaluated as compatibilizing agents for highly immiscible binary PBD/PMMA and PBD/PS blends. The presence of these compatibilizers substantially reduces the average PMMA or PS droplet size. Furthermore, static water contact angle experiments are employed to assess the modification of the surface properties of nonpolar PBD.
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The hemoglobin values of Korean adolescents show distinctive characteristics in comparison to those of Caucasians and African Americans
Authors: Lim Jung Sub , Seo Ju‐Hee , Kim Dong Ho , Lee Jun Ah 
Published: December 2014

BackgroundHematologic reference values vary by ethnicity. We aimed to determine reference values of hemoglobin (Hb) for Korean adolescents.MethodsUsing data from the 5th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), we obtained reference values for Hb in adolescents aged 10–20 years.ResultsAmong 2,526 subjects recruited, 330 were excluded due to chronic diseases (9 congenital heart disease, 6 epilepsy, and 1 thyroid disease) or abnormal laboratory values (253 subjects with Fe/TIBC <16%, 103 subjects with MCV <80 fl). Accordingly, data from 2,196 subjects (male = 1,196 and female = 1,000) were analyzed and age‐ and gender‐stratified means and percentile values of Hb were obtained. Pertinent findings observed in the current study were: (i) Hb levels in Korean male were similar to those of non‐Hispanic Caucasians; (ii) Hb values in females were similar to those of non‐Hispanic Caucasians until age of 15, and thereafter were slightly lower. Prevalence of anemia according to WHO criteria and our own criteria (Hb levels <2 standard deviations of age‐ and gender‐specific values) in total sample was 3.5% (88/2,526) and 3.8% (97/2,526), respectively. Anemia was more prevalent in female in comparison with male (6.5% vs. 1.0%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur results could be used as a national reference standard to correctly classify a large population sample. Further studies are necessary to determine reference Hb values for children younger than 10 years and identify genetic variations associated with distinctive characteristics observed in this study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:409–413. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Circulating cell free DNA testing: are some test failures informative?
Authors: Palomaki G. E. , Kloza E. M. , Lambert‐Messerlian G. M. , van den Boom D. , Ehrich M. , Deciu C. , Bombard A. T. , Haddow J. E. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe proportion of circulating cell free DNA derived from the feto‐placental unit (fetal fraction or FF) correlates with test success and interpretation reliability. Some fetal disorders are associated with systematically lower FF, sometimes resulting in noninformative results.MethodsWe analyzed results from pregnancies tested in a nested case/control study derived from a cohort of 4664 high‐risk pregnancies. Low FF was defined before and after adjusting for maternal weight and gestational age.ResultsCompared with euploid pregnancies, the median FF was significantly higher in Down syndrome pregnancies (ratio 1.17) and significantly lower in trisomy 18 and triploid pregnancies (ratios 0.71 and 0.19, respectively). Among 2157 pregnancies tested, 13 (0.6%) had FF <3.0% (all noninformative), including three trisomy 18 and three triploidy fetuses. After adjustment, 16 pregnancies (0.7%) had FF <0.3 multiples of the median (six informative), including one trisomy 18 and three triploidy fetuses. Modeled positive predictive values for low and high‐risk populations were 7% and 30%, respectively.ConclusionAmong women with noninformative results attributable to low FF, trisomy 18 and/or triploidy risk are sufficiently high to warrant offering additional assessments (e.g. ultrasound). If the testing indication is ultrasound abnormality, amniocentesis and karyotype/microarray should be considered. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feedback Received While Practicing Everyday Activities During Rehabilitation After Stroke: An Observational Study
Authors: Stanton Rosalyn , Ada Louise , Dean Catherine M. , Preston Elisabeth 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe provision of feedback is important for effective skill learning. The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of feedback provided during the practice of everyday activities (such as standing up, walking, and reaching and grasping objects) during stroke rehabilitation, both when the therapist was present and when the patient was practicing alone.MethodDesign: A cross‐sectional observational study of the feedback received during rehabilitation by people who had had a stroke was conducted. Forty unique patient–therapist dyads were observed during 30 minutes of actual practice of everyday activities with data collected through behavioural mapping. The following was recorded: the activity practiced, whether the therapist was present, whether feedback was provided verbally or by equipment, and the content of feedback. Participants: A sample of all therapists providing rehabilitation within one Australian health service and their patients who had had a stroke. Measures: Quantity, frequency, mode (verbal or equipment) and content (information feedback, motivational statements, unrelated or none) of feedback during the practice of everyday activities were determined.ResultsFor 68% of the time that patients were practicing activities, they received ≥1 occasion of feedback/minute. When the therapist was present, the frequency of motivational statements was more than four times greater, at 1.32 (SD 0.6) occasions/minute, than information feedback. For 25% of the time, the therapist was not present, and no feedback was provided.ConclusionGiven the importance of specific content for learning, therapists could replace some motivational statements with information feedback. When practicing alone, information feedback could be provided by commercially available biofeedback or customized equipment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A moonlighting function of Mycobacterium smegmatis Ku in zinc homeostasis?
Authors: Kushwaha Ambuj K. , Deochand Dinesh K. , Grove Anne 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTKu protein participates in DNA double‐strand break repair via the nonhomologous end‐joining pathway. The three‐dimensional structure of eukaryotic Ku reveals a central core consisting of a β‐barrel domain and pillar and bridge regions that combine to form a ring‐like structure that encircles DNA. Homologs of Ku are encoded by a subset of bacterial species, and they are predicted to conserve this core domain. In addition, the bridge region of Ku from some bacteria is predicted from homology modeling and sequence analyses to contain a conventional HxxC and CxxC (where x is any residue) zinc‐binding motif. These potential zinc‐binding sites have either deteriorated or been entirely lost in Ku from other organisms. Using an in vitro metal binding assay, we show that Mycobacterium smegmatis Ku binds two zinc ions. Zinc binding modestly stabilizes the Ku protein (by ∼3°C) and prevents cysteine oxidation, but it has little effect on DNA binding. In vivo, zinc induces significant upregulation of the gene encoding Ku (∼sixfold) as well as a divergently oriented gene encoding a predicted zinc‐dependent MarR family transcription factor. Notably, overexpression of Ku confers zinc tolerance on Escherichia coli. We speculate that zinc‐binding sites in Ku proteins from M. smegmatis and other mycobacterial species have been evolutionarily retained to provide protection against zinc toxicity without compromising the function of Ku in DNA double‐strand break repair.
On the isobaric space of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in human serum: potential for interferences in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry, systematic errors and accuracy issues
Authors: Qi Yulin , Geib Timon , Schorr Pascal , Meier Florian , Volmer Dietrich A. 
Published: December 2014

RATIONALEIsobaric interferences in human serum can potentially influence the measured concentration levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], when low resolving power liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) instruments and non‐specific MS/MS product ions are employed for analysis. In this study, we provide a detailed characterization of these interferences and a technical solution to reduce the associated systematic errors.METHODSDetailed electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) high‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) experiments were used to characterize co‐extracted isobaric components of 25(OH)D from human serum. Differential ion mobility spectrometry (DMS), as a gas‐phase ion filter, was implemented on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer for separation of the isobars.RESULTSHRMS revealed the presence of multiple isobaric compounds in extracts of human serum for different sample preparation methods. Several of these isobars had the potential to increase the peak areas measured for 25(OH)D on low‐resolution MS instruments. A major isobaric component was identified as pentaerythritol oleate, a technical lubricant, which was probably an artifact from the analytical instrumentation. DMS was able to remove several of these isobars prior to MS/MS, when implemented on the low‐resolution triple quadrupole mass spectrometer.CONCLUSIONSIt was shown in this proof‐of‐concept study that DMS‐MS has the potential to significantly decrease systematic errors, and thus improve accuracy of vitamin D measurements using LC/MS/MS. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New insights into dissociation of deprotonated 2,4‐dinitrotoluene by combined high‐resolution mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations
Authors: Schwarzenberg Adrián , Tabet Jean‐Claude , Cole Richard B. , Machuron‐Mandard Xavier , Dossmann Héloïse 
Published: December 2014

RATIONALE2,4‐Dinitrotoluene (2,4‐DNT) is a nitroaromatic explosive which is commonly found in environmental samples close to training points, firing places, and manufacturers. Mass spectrometry analysis of this compound shows one main product ion that distinguishes it from the other isomers of DNT. We present here a detailed mechanistic study on the formation of this ion.METHODS2,4‐DNT was analyzed using negative electrospray ionization high‐resolution mass spectrometry (ESI‐HRMS) using a linear ion trap quadrupole LTQ‐Orbitrap XL mass spectrometer. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) experiments were performed on the [M–H]– ion obtained. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to support experimental observations.RESULTSFragmentation of deprotonated 2,4‐DNT [M–H]– (m/z 181) yields a main product ion at m/z 116. The mechanism of formation of this diagnostic product ion is not obvious and it has never been rationalized. Calculations were performed to probe different mechanistic variants, which are discussed in this work.CONCLUSIONSAnalysis of possible pathways to form the m/z 116 ion from the m/z 181 precursor shows that its formation is likely to proceed first via NO• loss, followed by eliminations of H2O and then HO•. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.