bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KORÁNYI’S LEMMA FOR HOMOGENEOUS SIEGEL DOMAINS OF TYPE II. APPLICATIONS AND EXTENDED RESULTS
Authors: BÉKOLLÉ DAVID , ISHI HIDEYUKI , NANA CYRILLE 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe show that the modulus of the Bergman kernel$\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}B(z, \zeta )$of a general homogeneous Siegel domain of type II is ‘almost constant’ uniformly with respect to$z$when$\zeta $varies inside a Bergman ball. The control is expressed in terms of the Bergman distance. This result was proved by A. Korányi for symmetric Siegel domains of type II. Subsequently, R. R. Coifman and R. Rochberg used it to establish an atomic decomposition theorem and an interpolation theorem by functions in Bergman spaces$A^p$on these domains. The atomic decomposition theorem and the interpolation theorem are extended here to the general homogeneous case using the same tools. We further extend the range of exponents$p$via functional analysis using recent estimates.
Perturbed energy balance and hydration status in ultra-endurance runners during a 24 h ultra-marathon
Authors: Costa Ricardo J. S. , Gill Samantha K. , Hankey Joanne , Wright Alice , Marczak Slawomir 
Published: May 2014

The present study aimed to assess the adequacy of energy, macronutrients and water intakes of ultra-endurance runners (UER) competing in a 24 h ultra-marathon (distance range: 122–208 km). Thead libitumfood and fluid intakes of the UER (n25) were recorded throughout the competition and analysed using dietary analysis software. Body mass (BM), urinary ketone presence, plasma osmolality (POsmol) and volume change were determined at pre- and post-competition time points. Data were analysed using appropriatettests, with significance set atP <0·05. The total energy intake and expenditure of the UER were 20 (sd12) and 55 (sd11) MJ, respectively (control (CON) (n17): 12 (sd1) and 14 (sd5) MJ, respectively). The protein, carbohydrate and fat intakes of the UER were 1·1 (sd0·4), 11·3 (sd7·0) and 1·5 (sd0·7) g/kg BM, respectively. The rate of carbohydrate intake during the competition was 37 (sd24) g/h. The total water intake of the UER was 9·1 (sd4·0) litres (CON: 2·1 (sd1·0) litres), while the rate of water intake was 378 (sd164) ml/h. Significant BM loss occurred at pre- to post-competition time points (P =0·001) in the UER (1·6 (sd2·0) %). No significant changes in POsmolvalues were observed at pre- (285 (sd11) mOsmol/kg) to post-competition (287 (sd10) mOsmol/kg) time points in the UER and were lower than those recorded in the CON group (P <0·05). However, plasma volume (PV) increased at post-competition time points in the UER (10·2 (sd9·7) %;P <0·001). Urinary ketones were evident in the post-competition samples of 90 % of the UER. Energy deficit was observed in all the UER, with only one UER achieving the benchmark recommendations for carbohydrate intake during endurance exercise. Despite the relatively low water intake rates recorded in the UER, hypohydration does not appear to be an issue, considering increases in PVvalues observed in the majority (80 %) of the UER. Population-specific dietary recommendations may be beneficial and warranted.
A genetic analysis of diapause in crosses of a southern and a northern strain of the cabbage beetle Colaphellus bowringi (Coleoptera: chrysomelidae)
Authors: Chen C. , Xiao L. , He H.M. , Xu J. , Xue F.S. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAs a consequence of geographical variation in diapause mechanism in the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi, the southern strains enter diapause as an adult in response to long photoperiod, whereas the northern strains enter diapause in response to temperature. In the present study, we examined the inheritance of diapause by crossing a southern Xiushui strain (XS) with a most-northern Harbin strain (HB). The southern XS strain showed a clear short-day response for the induction of diapause, whereas the most-northern strain entered diapause regardless of photoperiod. Interestingly, the XS×HB progeny showed a short-day response, but the HB×XS progeny had no photoperiodic response, indicating that photoperiodic induction of diapause is influenced by maternal genotype. The incidence of diapause of F1 progeny was intermediate between their parents under short daylengths of 12 and 13 h. However, there was a sexual asymmetry, with the female parent exerting a greater effect on diapause incidence than the male parent, indicating a sex linkage in the inheritance of diapause induction. The χ2 test in C. bowringi revealed that the inheritance of diapause does not fit an additive hypothesis and also that the capacity for diapause is transmitted genetically (or possibly epigenetically) in a manner of incomplete dominance. These results suggest that a number of genetic factors are associated with differences in diapause capability in this beetle.
Duplicative or Complementary? The Relationship between Policy Consulting and Internal Policy Analysis in Canadian Government
Authors: Howlett Michael , Migone Andrea , Tan Seck L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractPolicy consultants are external analysts who provide paid policy-related advice to governments on a contractual basis. Previous research on policy work has examined the work done within governments and by policy consultants separately but has not systematically compared and contrasted the two. A key question regarding the nature of policy advisory practices and policy advice systems in general, however, is whether consultants are duplicating the work of government officials in order to help “triangulate” internal advice or whether there is more of a complementary approach in which consultants supplement the work of internal analysts. This article explores the differences among the two groups using data collected over the past five years in two sets of surveys into internal and external policy work in Canada. The analysis finds a “complementary” relationship to exist, contrary to the conventional wisdom that outside or external advice is sought mainly in order to avoid biases in internal advice.
Geniculate neuralgia: a systematic review
Authors: Tang I P , Freeman S R , Kontorinis G , Tang M Y , Rutherford S A , King A T , Lloyd S K W 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjective:To systematically summarise the peer-reviewed literature relating to the aetiology, clinical presentation, investigation and treatment of geniculate neuralgia.Data sources:Articles published in English between 1932 and 2012, identified using Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases.Methods:The search terms ‘geniculate neuralgia’, ‘nervus intermedius neuralgia’, ‘facial pain’, ‘otalgia’ and ‘neuralgia’ were used to identify relevant papers.Results:Fewer than 150 reported cases were published in English between 1932 and 2012. The aetiology of the condition remains unknown, and clinical presentation varies. Non-neuralgic causes of otalgia should always be excluded by a thorough clinical examination, audiological assessment and radiological investigations before making a diagnosis of geniculate neuralgia. Conservative medical treatment is always the first-line therapy. Surgical treatment should be offered if medical treatment fails. The two commonest surgical options are transection of the nervus intermedius, and microvascular decompression of the nerve at the nerve root entry zone of the brainstem. However, extracranial intratemporal division of the cutaneous branches of the facial nerve may offer a safer and similarly effective treatment.Conclusion:The response to medical treatment for this condition varies between individuals. The long-term outcomes of surgery remain unknown because of limited data.
Building an African Department of History at Makerere, 1950–1972
Authors: Sicherman Carol 
Published: May 2014

Once upon a time, in the euphoric 1960s, a new generation of historians of Africa undertook to write the history of Africa and Africans through the ages, overturning previous Western suppositions that Africa had no precolonial history worth investigating. As J.D. Hargreaves has written, they were “excited by the challenge to apply their craft to the continent which Hegel had judged ‘no historical part of the world’.” Among the explorers of the largely unmapped territories of prccoloniai history were members of the Makerere Department of History and their students, many of whom were to become professional historians. This essay sketches the construction of a modern Department of History at Makerere, a task requiring a new curriculum and a new staff.Makerere began in 1922 as a government technical school for Africans. Courses in medicine and teacher training soon replaced the original more “vocational” instruction in carpentry, surveying, mechanics, and the like. The next several decades saw an evolution into a “higher college,” preparing students from all over East Africa for examinations leading to university degrees. By the late 1930s, a top-level commission recommended fulfilment of an early forecast that Makerere would one day become a university college. In the meantime, as World War II put off any substantial changes, it loomed ever greater as the legendary “mountain” that only the best could ascend. In 1950, finally fulfilling the forecast, Makerere joined in a Special Relationship with the University of London to become the University College of East Africa.
Ghanaian Christianity and Popular Entertainment: Full Circle
Authors: Collins John 
Published: May 2014

In this paper I look at the relationship between Christianity and popular entertainment in Ghana over the last 100 years or so. Imported Christianity was one of the seminal influences on the emergence of local popular music, dance, and drama. But Christianity in turn later became influenced by popular entertainment, especially in the case of the local African separatist churches that began to incorporate popular dance music, and in some cases popular theatre. At the same time unemployed Ghanaian commercial performing artists have, since the 1980s, found a home in the churches. To begin this examination of this circular relationship between popular entertainment and Christianity in Ghana we first turn to the late nineteenth century.The appearance of transcultural popular performance genres in southern and coastal Ghana in the late nineteenth century resulted from a fusion of local music and dance elements with imported ones introduced by Europeans. Very important was the role of the Protestant missionaries who settled in southern. Ghana during the century, establishing churches, schools, trading posts, and artisan training centers. Through protestant hymns and school songs local Africans were taught to play the harmonium, piano, and brass band instruments and were introduced to part harmony, the diatonic scale, western I- IV- V harmonic progressions, the sol-fa notation and four-bar phrasing.There were two consequences of these new musical ideas. Firstly a tradition of vernacular hymns was established from the 1880s and 1890s, when separatist African churches (such as the native Baptist Church) were formed in the period of institutional racism that followed the Berlin Conference of 1884/85. Secondly, and of more importance to this paper, these new missionary ideas helped to establish early local popular Highlife dance music idioms such as asiko (or ashiko), osibisaaba, local brass band “adaha” music and “palmwine” guitar music. Robert Sprigge (1967:89) refers to the use of church harmonies and suspended fourths in the early guitar band Highlife composition Yaa Amponsah, while David Coplan (1978:98-99) talks of the “hybridisation” of church influences with Akan vocal phrasing and the preference of singing in parallel thirds and sixths in the creation of Highlife.
African Music in the World and Traditional Music Section at the British Library Sound Archive
Authors: Fargion Janet Topp 
Published: May 2014

It is widely accepted that the development of recording technology played an important role in the development of ethnomusicology as a discipline. For the first time, from the late nineteenh century, music could be recorded for use in scientific comparison and analysis. Jaap Kunst once wrote: “ethnomusicology could never have grown into an independent science if the gramophone had not been invented.” But the significance of recorded performance—the most objective way of capturing oral tradition—for the understanding of all aspects of culture must not be underestimated, particularly, but not exclusively, for nonliterate societies. “Oral tradition should be central to students of culture, of ideology, of society, of psychology, of art, and … of history.” And sound archives should be perceived as essential to research, “equivalent to libraries in other disciplines insofar as their importance in research is concerned.”Almost immediately after the advent of recording technology in the late 1870s, sound archives began to emerge: the first in Europe was the Phonogrammarchiv of the Austrian Academy of Science in 1899. Britain came late to the field: the British Institute of Recorded Sound was established with private funds only in 1947; it received its first grant-in-aid in the 1960s and in 1983 it became part of the British Library, known as the National Sound Archive.
A Report on Some Archives in Equatoria Province, Sudan
Authors: Hødnebø Kjell 
Published: May 2014

Equatoria Province is the southernmost province in the Sudan. The province contains six districts, with each district having its own District Administration Archives situated in the District headquarters. Bigger towns or villages in the province have in addition their own Rural Council Archives arising from the Town Councils established in the late 1940s. There is normally only one Town Council in each district, situated in the town of the District headquarters. In some places the District Archives and the Rural Council Archives consist of files and boxes in different corners of the same storeroom and administered by the same clerk.The administration and filing systems have been inherited from the Condominium Period (1898-1956). Condominium administrative papers and public documents are thus incorporated in the papers used by the present administration. There is no sharp division between pre- and post-indepandent administrative papers; both are written in English (with a little interlude of Arabic in the 1960s) and many of the pre-independent files are still in use. In both the District and Rural Council Archives some of the files not in use are “closed.” At the time of my visit the Sudan Government had just started to bring in the closed District files to Juba, where they are under the care of the Southern Regional Ministry of Information and Culture. The open District files are under the District Commisioner, from whom permission to consult them must be obtained.After the establishment of the new Southern Regional Government in 1973, administration at the provincial level was changed. The Condominium papers from Equatoria Province were closed and made the responsibility of the Regional Ministry of Information and Culture. Thus the Condominium Archives at the Province level are not incorporated into the present administration files to the same extent as they are at the District and Town level.
An outbreak of enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) infection in Norway, 2012: a reminder to consider uncommon pathogens in outbreaks involving imported products
Authors: MacDONALD E. , MØLLER K. E. , WESTER A. L. , DAHLE U. R. , HERMANSEN N. O. , JENUM P. A. , THORESEN L. , VOLD L. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYWe investigated an outbreak of gastroenteritis following a Christmas buffet served on 4–9 December 2012 to ~1300 hotel guests. More than 300 people were reported ill in initial interviews with hotel guests. To identify possible sources of infection we conducted a cohort investigation through which we identified 214 probable cases. Illness was associated with consumption of scrambled eggs (odds ratio 9·07, 95% confidence interval 5·20–15·84). Imported chives added fresh to the scrambled eggs were the suspected source of the outbreak but were unavailable for testing. EnterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) infection was eventually confirmed in 40 hotel guests. This outbreak reinforces that ETEC should be considered in non-endemic countries when the clinical picture is consistent and common gastrointestinal pathogens are not found. Following this outbreak, the Norwegian Food Safety Authority recommended that imported fresh herbs should be heat-treated before use in commercial kitchens.
Influenza season 2012–2013 in Europe: moderate intensity, mixed (sub)types
Authors: SNACKEN R. , BROBERG E. , BEAUTÉ J. , LOZANO J. E. , ZUCS P. , AMATO-GAUCI A. J. 
Published: May 2014

SUMMARYThis paper summarizes influenza activity in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) in 2012–2013. The influenza season 2012–2013 in Europe lasted from early December to late April. Overall the severity of the season could be described as moderate, based on the ILI/ARI consultation rates and the percentage of sentinel specimens positive for influenza compared to previous seasons. Both influenza A and B viruses circulating accounted for 47% and 53% of positive sentinel specimens, respectively, with both A(H1) and A(H3) varying for dominance. Compared to outpatients, the proportion of laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalized cases infected by A(H1N1)pdm09 was significantly higher in middle-aged patients (33%vs. 17%,χ2 = 66·6,P < 0·01). Despite a relatively good match between vaccine and circulating strains, vaccine effectiveness was estimated to be moderate.
Foetal supraventricular tachycardia with hydrops fetalis: a role for direct intraperitoneal amiodarone
Authors: Kang Sok-Leng , Howe David , Coleman Matthew , Roman Kevin , Gnanapragasam James 
Published: May 2014

AbstractIntroduction: Persistent foetal tachyarrythmias complicated by hydrops fetalis carry a poor prognosis, with foetal death reported in excess of a quarter despite treatment. We present our experience with direct intraperitoneal amiodarone administration in eight hydropic foetuses with resistant supraventricular tachycardia. Methods: Amiodarone was injected slowly into foetal peritoneal cavity under ultrasound guidance. All mothers were loaded with oral amiodarone before the procedure and maintained on it. The procedure was repeated guided by foetal rhythm. Result: All eight cases had severe hydrops with a median foetal heart rate of 255 bpm (range 240–300 bpm), and the median gestational age was 27+1 weeks (range 21–33+3 weeks) at presentation. In six cases, the average time for supraventricular tachycardia to revert to sinus rhythm from the first procedure was 11.5 days. In one case, intravascular injection of amiodarone into the umbilical vein was performed before intraperitoneal injection, which resulted in conversion to sinus rhythm sustained until delivery. In the last case, supraventricular tachycardia and severe hydrops persisted and the baby was delivered 5 days later at 34 weeks’ gestation. Hydrops resolved in five foetuses with a mean resolution time of 28.4 days. The mean gestational age at delivery was 34+5 days and seven of eight cases survived beyond the neonatal period with good postnatal outcomes. Conclusion: Intraperitoneal administration of amiodarone is a relatively simple and effective strategy in refractory supraventricular tachycardia complicated by severe hydrops. The intraperitoneal route assures delivery of the drug to the severely hydropic foetus and enables a bolus dose to be delivered for sustained absorption.
Large Amplatzer atrial septal occluder in growing children: an echographic study
Authors: Raboisson Marie-Josée , Hugues Nicolas , Dahdah Nagib , Brassard Myriam , Lapierre Chantale , Miró Joaquim 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBackground: Lesions of adjacent structures have been reported after closure of large atrial septal defects with the Amplatzer septal occluder. In children, growth of the heart should modify the initial relationship between the device and surrounding structures. Aim: To compare the relationship between large Amplatzer septal occluder and adjacent cardiac structures at short-, mid-, and long-term follow-up in at-risk paediatric population using echocardiography. Methods: A total of 25 children (4.6±2.9 years old, 18 girls) with the largest atrial septal defect devices implanted between 1997 and 2002 were enrolled prospectively for complete echocardiogram 17.8±10.5 months (mid-term follow-up) and 8.8±0.9 years (long-term follow-up) after the procedure. Results were compared with the echocardiogram carried out 2.1±3.4 days after the procedure (short-term follow-up). Results: The minimal distance between the left disk and the mitral valve increased: 1.4±2.0 mm at short-term and 5.1±2.3 mm at long-term follow-up (p<0.05), leading to less contact between the disk and the anterior leaflet and less mitral regurgitation (10 at short-term, 4 at long-term follow-up, p<0.05). The number of devices straddling the aorta decreased from 17 to 12 at long-term follow-up (p<0.05). There was protrusion of disk in the venous structure in seven patients on the first echocardiogram, which disappeared at long-term follow-up. Conclusion: Although frequently in close contact with the aortic root, mitral valve, or venous returns, large devices tend to centre and move away from the surrounding structures, with decreased risk for long-term distortion.
Electrolyte screening in the evaluation of prolonged QTc interval
Authors: Rometo Allison B. , Beerman Lee , Arora Gaurav 
Published: May 2014

AbstractWe present a case of a previously healthy adolescent male for outpatient evaluation of prolonged QT interval. He was ultimately found to have acquired QT interval prolongation secondary to hypocalcaemia related to undiagnosed hypoparathyroidism. This case report highlights the importance of routine electrolyte analysis, even in the outpatient setting, during initial diagnostic workup for QT interval prolongation.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities are phylogenetically clustered at small scales
Authors: Horn Sebastian , Caruso Tancredi , Verbruggen Erik , Rillig Matthias C , Hempel Stefan 
Published: May 2014

Abstract
Next-generation sequencing technologies with markers covering the full Glomeromycota phylum were used to uncover phylogenetic community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with Festuca brevipila. The study system was a semi-arid grassland with high plant diversity and a steep environmental gradient in pH, C, N, P and soil water content. The AMF community in roots and rhizosphere soil were analyzed separately and consisted of 74 distinct operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in total. Community-level variance partitioning showed that the role of environmental factors in determining AM species composition was marginal when controlling for spatial autocorrelation at multiple scales. Instead, phylogenetic distance and spatial distance were major correlates of AMF communities: OTUs that were more closely related (and which therefore may have similar traits) were more likely to co-occur. This pattern was insensitive to phylogenetic sampling breadth. Given the minor effects of the environment, we propose that at small scales closely related AMF positively associate through biotic factors such as plant-AMF filtering and interactions within the soil biota.