bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes Covalently Functionalized with Polylysine: Synthesis, Characterization and Analytical Applications for the Development of Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors
Authors: Gasnier Aurélien , González‐Domínguez José Miguel , Ansón‐Casaos Alejandro , Hernández‐Ferrer Javier , Pedano María L. , Rubianes María D. , Martínez María Teresa , Rivas Gustavo 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis work reports the synthesis of single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) covalently functionalized with polylysine (Plys) and the analytical performance of glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified with this material (GCE/SWCNT‐Plys). The resulting electrodes showed an important decrease in the overvoltages for the oxidation of ascorbic acid, uric acid and hydrogen peroxide as well as for the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The favorable interaction of glucose oxidase (GOx) with SWCNT‐Plys allowed the sensitive and selective glucose biosensing at −0.100 V without any permselective membrane. The proposed sensor was challenged with different real samples without pretreatment showing an excellent correlation with the reported values.
Field dissipation of four personal care products in biosolids-amended soils in North China
Authors: Chen Feng , Ying Guang-Guo , Ma Yi-Bing , Chen Zhi-Feng , Lai Hua-Jie 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

The present study investigated the dissipation behaviors of 4 typical personal care products (PCPs)—triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS), tonalide (AHTN), and galaxolide (HHCB)— in soils amended with biosolids under field conditions in North China. The results showed that the 4 target compounds were detected in all biosolids-amended soils at levels of a few nanograms per gram to thousands of nanograms per gram (dry wt). The residual concentrations of the 4 PCPs were found in the following order: TCC &gt; TCS &gt; AHTN &gt; HHCB. Significant dissipation of the 4 PCPs was observed in the biosolids-amended soils, with half-lives ranging from 26 d to 133 d. Furthermore, repeated biosolids applications and a higher biosolids application rate could lead to higher accumulation of the 4 PCPs in the agricultural soils. Based on the detected concentrations in the field trial and limited ecotoxicity data, high risks to soil organisms are expected for TCC, whereas low to medium risks are expected in most cases for AHTN, HHCB, and TCS. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:2413–2421. © 2014 SETAC
Chiral Thiophosphorylated Thioureas: Synthesis, Structure, and Cyclization Reaction
Authors: Metlushka Kirill , Tufatullin Artem , Shaimardanova Liliya , Sadkova Dilyara , Nikitina Kristina , Lodochnikova Olga , Kataeva Olga , Alfonsov Vladimir 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTA number of chiral racemic and enanthiopure thiophosphorylated thioureas were synthesized by the reaction of 2‐aminobutan‐1‐ol and 1‐(a‐aminobenzyl)‐2‐naphthol with O,O‐diethyl thiophosphoryl isothiocyanate. It was found that such thioureas undergo the cyclization reaction under basic conditions with hydrogen sulfide elimination and the formation of thiophosphorylated oxasines. X‐Ray single crystal diffraction revealed that the structure of thiourea is close to the prereaction state of the cyclization reaction.
The Effectiveness of Health Screening
Authors: Hackl Franz , Halla Martin , Hummer Michael , Pruckner Gerald J. 
Published: July 2014

SummaryUsing a matched insurant–general practitioner panel data set, we estimate the effect of a general health‐screening program on individuals' health status and health‐care cost. To account for selection into treatment, we use regional variation in the intensity of exposure to supply‐determined screening recommendations as an instrumental variable. We find that screening participation increases inpatient and outpatient health‐care costs up to 2 years after treatment substantially. In the medium run, we find cost savings in the outpatient sector, whereas in the long run, no statistically significant effects of screening on either health‐care cost component can be discerned. In sum, screening participation increases health‐care cost. Given that we do not find any statistically significant effect of screening participation on insurants' health status (at any point in time), we do not recommend a general health‐screening program. However, given that we find some evidence for cost‐saving potential for the sub‐sample of younger insurants, we suggest more targeted screening programs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precise spatial coding is preserved along the longitudinal hippocampal axis
Authors: Keinath Alexander T. , Wang Melissa E. , Wann Ellen G. , Yuan Robin K. , Dudman Joshua T. , Muzzio Isabel A. 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTCompared with the dorsal hippocampus, relatively few studies have characterized neuronal responses in the ventral hippocampus. In particular, it is unclear whether and how cells in the ventral region represent space and/or respond to contextual changes. We recorded from dorsal and ventral CA1 neurons in freely moving mice exposed to manipulations of visuospatial and olfactory contexts. We found that ventral cells respond to alterations of the visuospatial environment such as exposure to novel local cues, cue rotations, and contextual expansion in similar ways to dorsal cells, with the exception of cue rotations. Furthermore, we found that ventral cells responded to odors much more strongly than dorsal cells, particularly to odors of high valence. Similar to earlier studies recording from the ventral hippocampus in CA3, we also found increased scaling of place cell field size along the longitudinal hippocampal axis. Although the increase in place field size observed toward the ventral pole has previously been taken to suggest a decrease in spatial information coded by ventral place cells, we hypothesized that a change in spatial scaling could instead signal a shift in representational coding that preserves the resolution of spatial information. To explore this possibility, we examined population activity using principal component analysis (PCA) and neural location reconstruction techniques. Our results suggest that ventral populations encode a distributed representation of space, and that the resolution of spatial information at the population level is comparable to that of dorsal populations of similar size. Finally, through the use of neural network modeling, we suggest that the redundancy in spatial representation along the longitudinal hippocampal axis may allow the hippocampus to overcome the conflict between memory interference and generalization inherent in neural network memory. Our results indicate that ventral population activity is well suited for generalization across locations and contexts. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inhibitory effect of apocynin on methylglyoxal‐mediated glycation in osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells
Authors: Suh Kwang Sik , Rhee Sang Youl , Kim Young Seol , Choi Eun Mi. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractMethylglyoxal (MG), a highly reactive metabolite of hyperglycemia, can enhance protein glycation, oxidative stress or inflammation. The present study investigated the effects of apocynin on the mechanisms associated with MG toxicity in osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells. Pretreatment of MC3T3‐E1 cells with apocynin prevented the MG‐induced protein glycation and formation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide in MC3T3‐E1 cells. In addition, apocynin increased glutathione levels and restored the activity of glyoxalase I inhibited by MG. These findings suggest that apocynin provide a protective action against MG‐induced cell damage by reducing oxidative stress and by increasing the MG detoxification system. Apocynin treatment decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 induced by MG. Additionally, the nitric oxide level reduced by MG was significantly increased by apocynin. These findings indicate that apocynin might exert its therapeutic effects via upregulation of glyoxalase system and antioxidant activity. Taken together, apocynin may prove to be an effective treatment for diabetic osteopathy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mobile cloud computing based privacy protection in location‐based information survey applications
Authors: Zhang Hao , Yu Nenghai , Wen Yonggang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractNowadays, location‐based service (LBS) has become pervasive. Given its high utility value, LBS, however, presents serious privacy concerns for cautious users. In this paper, we investigate privacy preserving for location‐based information survey application, which calculates the geographic distribution of user's information. The design objective is twofold: (i) calculate an information distribution for a pool of mobile users and (ii) protect the location and value privacy of individual user, in the presence of malicious servers and possible corrupted users. Our proposed solution leverages a mobile cloud computing paradigm, in which each mobile device is replicated with a system‐level clone in cloud. The computing of distribution function is distributed among the set of cloud clones via a P2P protocol. We further enhance our basic scheme with the multiple aggregation mechanism, aiming to protect the correctness of the aggregate result from the active attacker. Compared to the approaches based on centralized server or aggregate proxy, our proposed scheme and its enhanced version are advantageous in avoiding single point of failure/attack, load balancing, and overhead reduction. Simulation results verify these advantages and the protection to the correctness of aggregate result and suggest that our proposed scheme is suitable for large‐scale applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distributed collision control with the integration of packet size for congestion control in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Yaakob Naimah , Khalil Ibrahim , Atiquzzaman Mohammed , Habib Ibrahim , Hu Jiankun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSeveral great features offered by wireless sensor networks (WSN) result in its wide deployment in various remote and continuous monitoring applications. As such, managing huge collected readings in this domain posted many challenges due to its design limitations. In order to provide seamless data transmission, which is of utmost importance in those delay‐sensitive applications, minimum delay and packet loss occurrence should be considered. Specifically, this paper addresses the common issue of congested networks in WSN with the combination technique of variance‐based distributed contention control (DCC‐V) and packet size optimization. The proposed integration technique, which operates on medium access control layer, takes into consideration the packet size advantages as it plays a key role in determining successful data delivery, given the error‐prone nature of WSN. While ensuring fewer corrupted packets, the proposed contention window (CW) in DCC‐V minimizes the chances of packet collisions and so alleviates congestion. In this technique, CW is determined based on slot utilization and average collision values, which also involve standard deviation measurements. Simulation analysis using network simulator‐2 shows outstanding performance of the proposed solution compared with the existing IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An analytical approach to non‐linear dynamical model of a permanent magnet synchronous generator
Authors: Herisanu N. , Marinca V. , Madescu Gh. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper proposes an analytical approach to investigate the transitory dynamic regime of a low‐power permanent magnet synchronous generator that works in an actual wind power station. The governing non‐linear differential equations are solved by means of the optimal homotopy asymptotic method, and explicit analytical solutions are obtained. Four cases are analysed for different moments of inertia and electrical resistances specific to sudden short circuit produced at the generator terminals and sudden change of load. The proposed procedure is highly efficient and controls the convergence of the approximate solutions, ensuring a very fast convergence. Such analytical approach allows modeling and simulating turbine generator systems for real‐time computations, offline applications or stability problems. Numerical investigations are also performed in order to validate the analytical results. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond human capital explanations for the gender pay gap among executives: investigating board embeddedness effects on discrimination
Authors: Oehmichen Jana , Sarry Maximilian A. , Wolff Michael 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper examines the gender pay gap in top management teams and how it is affected by directors’ embeddedness. We can reconfirm the result of previous studies that differences in managerial compensation between women and men exist, even after controlling for company properties and human capital attributes. Drawing on the language theory of discrimination, we then question how the embeddedness of directors—the actual deciders on executive compensation levels—affects the pay gap: embeddedness causing homophilous behavior resulting in a higher pay gap or directors using their network as knowledge source and decreasing the pay gap. We find evidence that knowledge effects outweigh potential homophily effects.
Moments of Decolonization: Indigenous Australia in the Here and Now
Authors: Keenan Sarah 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
This article traces some of the ways in which Australian law in the post-Mabo era has functioned to discursively historicize Indigenous Australia, that is, to construct Indigenous Australia as a historical relic. I argue that despite law’s continual historicization of Indigenous Australia, there have nonetheless been “moments of decolonization,” as there have been since the colonization of Australia began, in which Indigenous Australia asserts its contemporary presence in opposition to and outside of colonial Australia. Drawing on Doreen Massey’s conceptualization of place and space and three examples, I argue that in these moments, Indigenous activists do not only resist the ongoing project that is settler Australia, they also create an elsewhere to it.
Visual Legalities of Race and Reparations
Authors: Murdocca Carmela 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Drawing attention to the legal and psychoanalytic genealogy of reparations, this article examines the relationship between reparations and racial difference through an analysis of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation’s documentary series 8th Fire: Aboriginal People, Canada and the Way Forward. The representational life of reparations in liberal settler colonialism is a repository for addressing the broader landscape of legality—sovereignty, self-determination and anti-colonialism—beyond the confines of international human rights mechanisms. This article considers the following questions: How do forms of testimony animate connections between reparations and racial difference? In what ways do visual and representational practices operate through racial and colonial temporalities central to reparative juridics? What is the relationship between reparations and possibilities for anti-colonialism? I argue that the social, legal, cultural, and representational life of reparations in settler colonialism is structured by racial difference.
Numerical simulation of sand waves in a turbulent open channel flow
Authors: Khosronejad Ali , Sotiropoulos Fotis 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe develop a coupled hydro-morphodynamic numerical model for carrying out large-eddy simulation of stratified, turbulent flow over a mobile sand bed. The method is based on the curvilinear immersed boundary approach of Khosronejadet al.(Adv. Water Resour., vol. 34, 2011, pp. 829–843). We apply this method to simulate sand wave initiation, growth and evolution in a mobile bed laboratory open channel, which was studied experimentally by Venditti & Church (J. Geophys. Res., vol. 110, 2005, F01009). We show that all the major characteristics of the computed sand waves, from the early cross-hatch and chevron patterns to fully grown three-dimensional bedforms, are in good agreement with the experimental data both qualitatively and quantitatively. Our simulations capture the measured temporal evolution of sand wave amplitude, wavelength and celerity with good accuracy and also yield three-dimensional topologies that are strikingly similar to what was observed in the laboratory. We show that near-bed sweeps are responsible for initiating the instability of the initially flat sand bed. Stratification effects, which arise due to increased concentration of suspended sediment in the flow, also become important at later stages of the bed evolution and need to be taken into account for accurate simulations. As bedforms grow in amplitude and wavelength, they give rise to energetic coherent structures in the form of horseshoe vortices, which transport low-momentum near-bed fluid and suspended sediment away from the bed, giving rise to characteristic ‘boil’ events at the water surface. Flow separation off the bedform crestlines is shown to trap sediment in the lee side of the crestlines, which, coupled with sediment erosion from the accelerating flow over the stoss side, provides the mechanism for continuous bedform migration and crestline rearrangement. The statistical and spectral properties of the computed sand waves are calculated and shown to be similar to what has been observed in nature and previous numerical simulations. Furthermore, and in agreement with recent experimental findings (Singhet al.,Water Resour. Res., vol. 46, 2010, pp. 1–10), the spectra of the resolved velocity fluctuations above the bed exhibit a distinct spectral gap whose width increases with distance from the bed. The spectral gap delineates the spectrum of turbulence from the low-frequency range associated with very slowly evolving, albeit energetic, coherent structures induced by the migrating sand waves. Overall the numerical simulations reproduce the laboratory observations with good accuracy and elucidate the physical phenomena governing the interaction between the turbulent flow and the developing mobile bed.
On the Equivariant Implicit Function Theorem with Low Regularity and Applications to Geometric Variational Problems
Authors: Bettiol Renato G. , Piccione Paolo , Siciliano Gaetano 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe prove an implicit function theorem for functions on infinite-dimensional Banach manifolds, invariant under the (local) action of a finite-dimensional Lie group. Motivated by some geometric variational problems, we consider group actions that are not necessarily differentiable everywhere, but only on some dense subset. Applications are discussed in the context of harmonic maps, closed (pseudo-) Riemannian geodesics and constant mean curvature hypersurfaces.
INTO THE DARK: POWER, LIGHT, AND NOCTURNAL LIFE IN 18TH-CENTURY ISTANBUL
Authors: Wishnitzer Avner 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis article analyzes different traditions of nocturnal conviviality in 18th-century Istanbul and demonstrates their importance for social, political, and cultural life. The main argument is that the palace used the night to demonstrate its power in spectacles of light and to cultivate personal relations within the elite, both of which were crucial for a patrimonial government based on face-to-face interaction. Yet, it was exactly the reliance on such interaction that marked the limits of the palace's hold of the night. With the neighborhood gaze blinded by darkness, communal policing lost much of its effectiveness, leaving nocturnal social life largely concealed from the eyes of the authorities. Nighttime therefore offered opportunities for illicit modes of socialization and, at times, for subversive political action.
DAMES EMPLOYÉESAT THE SUEZ CANAL COMPANY: THE “EGYPTIANIZATION” OF FEMALE OFFICE WORKERS, 1941–56
Authors: Curli Barbara 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe article is a case study of work organization at the Services d'Egypte of the Suez Canal Company from the outbreak of World War II to the company's nationalization in 1956. In this multinational and multicultural workplace, organizational hierarchies and division of labor were traditionally defined according to “national” identities, while maintaining a strict segregation betweeneuropéensandindigènes, to use the company's terminology. Starting in the 1930s, the company faced new measures of economic nationalism imposed by the Egyptian government, including required quotas of Egyptian personnel. These measures progressively redefined the political boundaries of the company's action in the management of its workforce. Using unpublished archival documents from the company's personnel files, this article analyzes the processes of feminization and Egyptianization of the company's office workers during World War II and the 1950s. The process was driven by a precise organizational strategy, based on both “racial” and “gender” criteria, which aimed to redefine the company's internal hierarchies and to keep management and decision making in the hands of the “Europeans,” while complying with the terms of the conventions of 1937 and 1949 that regulated the relationship between the company and the Egyptian government.
A network meta-analysis on comparative efficacy and all-cause discontinuation of antimanic treatments in acute bipolar mania
Authors: Yildiz A. , Nikodem M. , Vieta E. , Correll C. U. , Baldessarini R. J. 
Published: July 2014

BackgroundEvidence synthesis methods enabling direct and indirect comparisons over the entire set of relevant clinical data produce quantitative point estimates for the treatments contrasts between competing interventions, and provide a hierarchical rank ordering between them. We aimed to provide evidence-based guidance on the efficacy and all-cause discontinuation of antimanic treatments.MethodWe conducted a network meta-analysis within a Bayesian framework. We searched all standard literature databases without language restrictions up to 15 January 2014 to identify reports of short-term, randomized, blinded trials of putative antimanic drugs as monotherapy for adults with bipolar-I mania.ResultsAltogether, 14256 manic patients randomized to one of 18 active treatments or placebo provided 95 direct comparisons on 128 data points. For the primary outcome, standardized mean difference as Hedges’ g (standardized mean difference; SMD), the hierarchies indicated by surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probabilities were in agreement with the point estimates for all antimanic drugs identified as effective. For the 12 effective antimanic drugs on clinical use, SMDs against placebo ranged from 0.32 to 0.66 without superiority of one over another, except for risperidone v. aripiprazole and valproate. Aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and valproate had less all-cause discontinuation rates than placebo. Sensitivity analysis by drug class indicated similar efficacy profiles for haloperidol, second-generation antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers.ConclusionsHierarchical rank ordering by comparative efficacy and risk of all-cause discontinuations should help to guide antimanic treatment choices by clinicians, healthcare policy makers, and guideline developers.