bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Mission Integration: A Triple Bottom Line Canvas for Impact Business Model Innovation
Authors: Autio Erkko , Thomas Llewellyn D. W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWhile there is a growing consensus that firms should consider their social and environmental impact in addition to their financial performance, many find it difficult to integrate social and environmental impact missions with their profit mission. The mission integration challenge is particularly acute when the beneficiaries of the impact missions are not the same as the firm’s customers and when additional activities and resources are required for the intended impact to materialize. Yet, there are few business model design tools specifically designed to facilitate mission integration in impact business models. In this chapter we introduce a new tool developed for to support impact business model integration, the ‘Triple Bottom Line Canvas’ (TBLC). By supporting mission integration, the TBLC should help converting impact missions from profit drags (impact mission comes at a cost to profit) to profit drivers (impact mission drives profit).
Suppression of Skp2 contributes to sepsis-induced acute lung injury by enhancing ferroptosis through the ubiquitination of SLC3A2
Authors: Chen Zhaoyuan , Zhang Jie , Gao Shenjia , Jiang Yi , Qu Mengdi , Gu Jiahui , Wu Han , Nan Ke , Zhang Hao , Wang Jun , Chen Wankun , Miao Changhong 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The inflammatory cytokine storm causes systemic organ damage, especially acute lung injury in sepsis. In this study, we found that the expression of S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) was significantly decreased in sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Sepsis activated the MEK/ERK pathway and inhibited Skp2 expression in the pulmonary epithelium, resulting in a reduction of K48 ubiquitination of solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2), thereby impairing its membrane localization and cystine/glutamate exchange function. Consequently, the dysregulated intracellular redox reactions induced ferroptosis in pulmonary epithelial cells, leading to lung injury. Finally, we demonstrated that intravenous administration of Skp2 mRNA-encapsulating lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) inhibited ferroptosis in the pulmonary epithelium and alleviated lung injury in septic mice. Taken together, these data provide an innovative understanding of the underlying mechanisms of sepsis-induced ALI and a promising therapeutic strategy for sepsis.
Penetrating trauma on the rise– nine-year trends of severe trauma in Sweden
Authors: Holmberg Lina , Mani Kevin , Linder Fredrik , Wanhainen Anders , Wahlgren Carl Magnus , Andréasson Håkan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Sweden has an established trauma system involving national trauma criteria and the Swedish trauma registry (SweTrau), since over a decade. Meanwhile, the injury panorama has evolved, with an increase in gang-related violence in the Swedish community. In this study, we aimed to investigate long-term trends in mortality, management and trauma type in two major Swedish trauma centers over a nine-year period.

Methods
All trauma patients with a New Injury Score (NISS) > 15 or a Trauma Alert (TA) call during 2013–2021 were identified in the participating centers’ SweTrau registries. Data were analysed regarding mortality, proportion of emergency interventions, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, mechanism of injury and type of trauma (penetrating or blunt). To assess trends, Chi-Squared test for trend and JoinPoint regression method were used.

Results
A total of 10,587 patients were included in the study. Mortality remained unchanged over time in patients with NISS > 15 (10.0-10.9%, p = 0.963) but increased in patients with a TA and NISS < 15 (1.3-2.7%, p = 0.005). For NISS > 15, the proportion undergoing emergency interventions was stable (53.9%-48.8%, p = 0.297) while ICU admissions declined (62.1%-45.7%, p < 0.001). Penetrating trauma increased (12.4-19.6%, p < 0.001), including knife (10.0-15.7%, p < 0.001) and gunshot wounds (2.3-3.8%, p < 0.001), whereas accidents involving motorcycles (8.8%-7.0%, p = 0.004) and pedestrians (5.3%-2.2%, p < 0.001) decreased. Assaults (both penetrating and blunt) increased from 14.7 to 21.4% (p < 0.001).

Conclusions
In this trend analysis at two major Swedish trauma centers during 2013–2021, penetrating trauma increased with over 50% while traffic injuries decreased. The rise in mortality in patients with a TA and NISS < 15 is concerning and requires further evaluation, as do the reduction in ICU admissions.
Ant-following behavior is correlated with plumage traits in African understory birds
Authors: Waltert Matthias , Klug Janina , Motombi Francis Njie , Cejp Benjamin , Bobo Kadiri Serge , Soofi Mahmood , Peters Marcell K. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAnt-following behavior is a common phenomenon in birds of Neotropical and Afrotropical rainforests but yet little is known from Central Africa. We here report on the phenomenon in lowland rainforest in Cameroon, quantifying the strength of the interaction of different ant-following bird species with driver ants and test the hypothesis that higher levels of specialization in ant-following behavior are associated with dominance or aggression-dependent plumage and other morphological traits. Flock size varied between 1 and 11 individuals with a mean size of 5.34 ± 2.68 (mean ± SD) individuals occurring at the same time. The maximum number of species present during one raid observed was ten, whereas the minimum number was four with an overall species richness of 6.89 ± 2.1 species. The 21 attending bird species strongly varied in the degree of ant-following behavior. In an interspecific comparison, plumage traits such as the presence of a colored crown, eyespots, and bare skin around the eye, in combination with metatarsus length and weight, were significantly correlated with ant-following behavior. These results suggest that—in size and identity of species—ant-following bird assemblages in Central Africa are similar to those reported from East Africa. They also suggest that ant following favors the selection of traits that signal dominance in interactions between individuals struggling for valuable food resources in the forest understory.
Entzündliche Ursachen von Schlaganfällen – Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Schmidt-Pogoda Antje , Straeten Frederike A. , Beuker Carolin , Werring Nils , Minnerup Jens 
Published: July 2024

ZusammenfassungEntzündliche Schlaganfallursachen sind häufig und stellen oft eine diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung dar, da es hierzu kaum randomisierte Studien gibt und für viele Konstellationen keine klaren Leitlinienempfehlungen existieren. Nach Veröffentlichung der Empfehlungen der Europäischen Schlaganfallgesellschaft zur primären Angiitis des zentralen Nervensystems (PACNS) im letzten Jahr hat die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie (DGN) in diesem Jahr eine sehr klare Leitlinie zur Diagnostik und Therapie der PACNS herausgegeben und die Empfehlungen für die systemischen Vaskulitiden aktualisiert. Häufig treten Schlaganfälle jedoch nicht nur infolge einer primären Gefäßentzündung auf, sondern auch als Komplikation einer anderen Organinfektion. So erleiden ca. 5 % aller PatientInnen mit einer Sepsis, ca. 20 % der PatientInnen mit bakterieller Meningitis und bis zu 40 % der PatientInnen mit bakterieller Endokarditis als Komplikation einen Schlaganfall. Unser Artikel fasst die wichtigsten Charakteristika dieser entzündlichen Ursachen von Schlaganfällen zusammen und fokussiert hierbei insbesondere auch auf aktuelle Empfehlungen zum diagnostischen und therapeutischen Management.
Longitudinal metabolite and protein trajectories prior to diabetes mellitus diagnosis in Danish blood donors: a nested case–control study
Authors: Lundgaard Agnete T. , Westergaard David , Röder Timo , Burgdorf Kristoffer S. , Larsen Margit H. , Schwinn Michael , Thørner Lise W. , Sørensen Erik ,   DBDS Genomic Consortium, Nielsen Kaspar R. , Hjalgrim Henrik , Erikstrup Christian , Kjerulff Bertram D. , Hindhede Lotte , Hansen Thomas F. , Nyegaard Mette , Birney Ewan , Stefansson Hreinn , Stefánsson Kári , Pedersen Ole B. V. , Ostrowski Sisse R. , Rossing Peter , Ullum Henrik , Mortensen Laust H. , Vistisen Dorte , Banasik Karina , Brunak Søren 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Metabolic risk factors and plasma biomarkers for diabetes have previously been shown to change prior to a clinical diabetes diagnosis. However, these markers only cover a small subset of molecular biomarkers linked to the disease. In this study, we aimed to profile a more comprehensive set of molecular biomarkers and explore their temporal association with incident diabetes.

Methods
We performed a targeted analysis of 54 proteins and 171 metabolites and lipoprotein particles measured in three sequential samples spanning up to 11 years of follow-up in 324 individuals with incident diabetes and 359 individuals without diabetes in the Danish Blood Donor Study (DBDS) matched for sex and birth year distribution. We used linear mixed-effects models to identify temporal changes before a diabetes diagnosis, either for any incident diabetes diagnosis or for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnoses specifically. We further performed linear and non-linear feature selection, adding 28 polygenic risk scores to the biomarker pool. We tested the time-to-event prediction gain of the biomarkers with the highest variable importance, compared with selected clinical covariates and plasma glucose.

Results
We identified two proteins and 16 metabolites and lipoprotein particles whose levels changed temporally before diabetes diagnosis and for which the estimated marginal means were significant after FDR adjustment. Sixteen of these have not previously been described. Additionally, 75 biomarkers were consistently higher or lower in the years before a diabetes diagnosis. We identified a single temporal biomarker for type 1 diabetes, IL-17A/F, a cytokine that is associated with multiple other autoimmune diseases. Inclusion of 12 biomarkers improved the 10-year prediction of a diabetes diagnosis (i.e. the area under the receiver operating curve increased from 0.79 to 0.84), compared with clinical information and plasma glucose alone.

Conclusions/interpretation
Systemic molecular changes manifest in plasma several years before a diabetes diagnosis. A particular subset of biomarkers shows distinct, time-dependent patterns, offering potential as predictive markers for diabetes onset. Notably, these biomarkers show shared and distinct patterns between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. After independent replication, our findings may be used to develop new clinical prediction models.

Graphical Abstract
Deletion of RFX6 impairs iPSC-derived islet organoid development and survival, with no impact on PDX1+/NKX6.1+ progenitors
Authors: Aldous Noura , Elsayed Ahmed K. , Memon Bushra , Ijaz Sadaf , Hayat Sikander , Abdelalim Essam M. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Homozygous mutations in RFX6 lead to neonatal diabetes accompanied by a hypoplastic pancreas, whereas heterozygous mutations cause MODY. Recent studies have also shown RFX6 variants to be linked with type 2 diabetes. Despite RFX6’s known function in islet development, its specific role in diabetes pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we aimed to understand the mechanisms underlying the impairment of pancreatic islet development and subsequent hypoplasia due to loss-of-function mutations in RFX6.

Methods
We examined regulatory factor X6 (RFX6) expression during human embryonic stem cell (hESC) differentiation into pancreatic islets and re-analysed a single-cell RNA-seq dataset to identify RFX6-specific cell populations during islet development. Furthermore, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines lacking RFX6 were generated using CRISPR/Cas9. Various approaches were then employed to explore the consequences of RFX6 loss across different developmental stages. Subsequently, we evaluated transcriptional changes resulting from RFX6 loss through RNA-seq of pancreatic progenitors (PPs) and endocrine progenitors (EPs).

Results
RFX6 expression was detected in PDX1+ cells in the hESC-derived posterior foregut (PF). However, in the PPs, RFX6 did not co-localise with pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) or NK homeobox 1 (NKX6.1) but instead co-localised with neurogenin 3, NK2 homeobox 2 and islet hormones in the EPs and islets. Single-cell analysis revealed high RFX6 expression levels in endocrine clusters across various hESC-derived pancreatic differentiation stages. Upon differentiating iPSCs lacking RFX6 into pancreatic islets, a significant decrease in PDX1 expression at the PF stage was observed, although this did not affect PPs co-expressing PDX1 and NKX6.1. RNA-seq analysis showed the downregulation of essential genes involved in pancreatic endocrine differentiation, insulin secretion and ion transport due to RFX6 deficiency. Furthermore, RFX6 deficiency resulted in the formation of smaller islet organoids due to increased cellular apoptosis, linked to reduced catalase expression, implying a protective role for RFX6. Overexpression of RFX6 reversed defective phenotypes in RFX6-knockout PPs, EPs and islets.

Conclusions/interpretation
These findings suggest that pancreatic hypoplasia and reduced islet cell formation associated with RFX6 mutations are not due to alterations in PDX1+/NKX6.1+ PPs but instead result from cellular apoptosis and downregulation of pancreatic endocrine genes.

Data availability
RNA-seq datasets have been deposited in the Zenodo repository with accession link (DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10656891).

Graphical Abstract
Societal recovery trajectories in people with a psychotic disorder in long term care: a latent class growth analysis
Authors: Crutzen Stijn , Burger Simone R. , Visser Ellen , Ising Helga K. ,   PHAMOUS investigators, Arends Johan , Jörg Frederike , Pijnenborg Gerdina Hendrika Maria , Veling Wim , van der Gaag Mark , Castelein Stynke 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose
For many individuals with a psychotic disorder societal recovery is not accomplished. Research on societal recovery trajectories is mostly focussed on patients with a first episode psychosis. The present study aims to identify distinct societal trajectories in those with long duration of illness, through the identification of patient subgroups that are characterized by homogeneous trajectories.

Methods
Longitudinal data were used from an ongoing dynamic cohort in which people with a psychotic disorder receive yearly measurements to perform a latent class growth analysis. Societal functioning was assessed with the Functional Recovery tool, consisting of three items (1) daily living and self-care, (2) work, study and housekeeping, and (3) social contacts. Furthermore, logistic regression was used to compare subgroups with similar societal recovery at baseline, but distinct trajectories.

Results
A total of 1476 people were included with a mean treatment time of 19 years (SD 10.1). Five trajectories of functioning were identified, a high stable (24.5%), a medium stable (28.3%), a low stable (12.7%), a high declining (11.2%) and a medium increasing subgroup (23.3%). Predictors for not deteriorating included happiness, recent hospitalisation, being physically active, middle or higher education and fewer negative symptoms. Predictors for improving included fewer positive and negative symptoms, fewer behavioural problems and fewer physical and cognitive impairments.

Conclusion
While the majority of individuals show a stable trajectory over four years, there were more patients achieving societal recovery than patients deteriorating. Predictors for improvement are mainly related to symptoms and behavioural problems, while predictors for deteriorating are related to non-symptomatic aspects such as physical activity, happiness and level of education.
Additively manufactured conformal cooling channels through topology optimization
Authors: Lamarche-Gagnon Marc-Étienne , Molavi-Zarandi Marjan , Raymond Vincent , Ilinca Florin 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCooling channels play a critical role in various casting and molding processes, impacting both the cycle time and quality of the product. As additive manufacturing technologies become increasingly prevalent, conventional straight-drilled channels are being progressively substituted by intricate cooling lines that conform to the contours of the fabricated part. This transition can lead to a significant reduction of the solidification time and temperature gradients, consequently lowering the occurrence of part defects. However, designing such channels becomes challenging as geometric complexity and manufacturing constraints increase. In this work, we present a density-based topology optimization approach to generate conformal cooling channels in molds and dies inserts. To mitigate temperature variations, the objective function is penalized using the temperature standard deviation of the insert cavity surface. A density-gradient-based constraint is further utilized to reduce the generation of overhanging structures and promote manufacturability. In particular, the use of this constraint leads to the generation of channels characterized by a teardrop-shaped cross section. The cooling efficiency of a selected optimized design is confirmed through computations using a body-fitted solver. The geometry is subsequently manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) and experiments are conducted to compare its performance in comparison to a design featuring straight-drilled channels. The results demonstrate that the optimized geometry significantly enhances the heat extraction rate and further leads to a 43% reduction of the cavity temperature standard deviation.
Effects of isolation on invertebrate biodiversity among the bladderwrack Fucus vesiculosus
Authors: Blanc Jean-François , Rinne Henna , Salovius-Laurén Sonja 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGeographic isolation is a factor that is known to affect species composition and diversity in marine systems. In this study, we tested the effects of geographic isolation on invertebrate fauna living among the belt-forming foundation species Fucus vesiculosus in the northern Baltic Sea. Sampling was carried out on reefs with varying levels of isolation (0.5, 1 and 2 km) in July 2021 in the Åland islands (between 59.96°N 20.24°E and 59.75°N 20.84°E). The total number of taxa, abundance, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou’s evenness and biomass were calculated and the effects of isolation were tested using generalised linear models. Multivariate methods were used to analyse differences in the invertebrate community composition. Although the number of taxa and Shannon´s diversity index did not vary along the isolation gradient, the total abundance of fauna decreased with increasing isolation. In addition, some taxa-specific patterns were observed, e.g. the abundance of insect larvae decreased with isolation while isopods were more numerous in the most isolated locations. As diversity and the number of taxa were similar regardless of isolation, shallow Fucus vesiculosus belts likely act as important biodiversity refuges and potential stepping-stones for invertebrates in remote outer archipelago areas. In a changing climate, these kinds of refuges aiding species dispersal are likely to be even more important, and should be considered in conservation planning.
Distinct Communities and Differing Dispersal Routes in Bacteria and Fungi of Honey Bees, Honey, and Flowers
Authors: Tiusanen Mikko , Becker-Scarpitta Antoine , Wirta Helena 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMicrobiota, the communities of microbes on and in organisms or organic matter, are essential for the functioning of ecosystems. How microbes are shared and transmitted delineates the formation of a microbiota. As pollinators forage, they offer a route to transfer microbes among the flowering plants, themselves, and their nests. To assess how the two components of the microbiota, bacteria and fungi, in pollination communities are shared and transferred, we focused on the honey bee Apis mellifera and collected honey bee, honey (representing the hive microbiota), and flower samples three times during the summer in Finland. We identified the bacteria and fungi by DNA metabarcoding. To determine the impact of honey bees’ flower choices on the honey bee and hive microbiota, we identified also plant DNA in honey. The bacterial communities of honey bees, honey, and flowers all differ greatly from each other, while the fungal communities of honey bees and honey are very similar, yet different from flowers. The time of the summer and the sampling area influence all these microbiota. For flowers, the plant identity impacts both bacterial and fungal communities’ composition the most. For the dispersal pathways of bacteria to honey bees, they are acquired directly from the honey and indirectly from flowers through the honey, while fungi are directly transmitted to honey bees from flowers. Overall, the distinctiveness of the microbiota of honey bees, honey, and the surrounding flowers suggests the sharing of microbes among them occurs but plays a minor role for the established microbiota.
Intravertebral collateral enhancement resembling sclerotic metastatic disease in a case of cervical epidural abscess
Authors: Schneider Daniel K. , Ok Ahmet Hakan , Simpfendorfer Claus S. , Forney Michael C. , Subhas Naveen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractVertebral body enhancement is occasionally seen on postcontrast CT imaging in the absence of osseous pathology. This enhancement can mimic sclerotic osseous metastatic disease, leading to a diagnostic dilemma for radiologists and increasing the chance of misinterpretation. Existing literature has focused on the association between this enhancement and concomitant central venous system obstruction. We report a 61-year-old woman with a history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma presenting with an epidural abscess who exhibited vertebral body enhancement resembling sclerotic metastatic disease without imaging evidence of central venous obstruction or vertebral osseous metastatic disease. Awareness of this unique presentation may prevent the incorrect diagnostic errors and their associated negative effects on patients.