bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition of soil Frankia assemblages across ecological drivers parallels that of nodule assemblages in Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia in interior Alaska
Authors: Anderson M. D. , Taylor D. L. , Olson K. , Ruess R. W. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn root nodule symbioses (RNS) between nitrogen (N)‐fixing bacteria and plants, bacterial symbionts cycle between nodule‐inhabiting and soil‐inhabiting niches that exert differential selection pressures on bacterial traits. Little is known about how the resulting evolutionary tension between host plants and symbiotic bacteria structures naturally occurring bacterial assemblages in soils. We used DNA cloning to examine soil‐dwelling assemblages of the actinorhizal symbiont Frankia in sites with long‐term stable assemblages in Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia nodules. We compared: (1) phylogenetic diversity of Frankia in soil versus nodules, (2) change in Frankia assemblages in soil versus nodules in response to environmental variation: both across succession, and in response to long‐term fertilization with N and phosphorus, and (3) soil assemblages in the presence and absence of host plants. Phylogenetic diversity was much greater in soil‐dwelling than nodule‐dwelling assemblages and fell into two large clades not previously observed. The presence of host plants was associated with enhanced representation of genotypes specific to A. tenuifolia, and decreased representation of genotypes specific to a second Alnus species. The relative proportion of symbiotic sequence groups across a primary chronosequence was similar in both soil and nodule assemblages. Contrary to expectations, both N and P enhanced symbiotic genotypes relative to non‐symbiotic ones. Our results provide a rare set of field observations against which predictions from theoretical and experimental work in the evolutionary ecology of RNS can be compared.
Neutral markers reveal complex population structure across the range of a widespread songbird
Authors: Veale Aaron , Reudink Matthew W. , Burg Theresa M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractUnderstanding how both contemporary and historical physical barriers influence gene flow is key to reconstructing evolutionary histories and can allow us to predict species' resilience to changing environmental conditions. During the last glacial maximum (LGM), many high latitude North American bird species were forced into glacial refugia, including mountain bluebirds (Silia currucoides). Within their current breeding range, mountain bluebirds still experience a wide variety of environmental conditions and barriers that may disrupt gene flow and isolate populations. Using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) obtained through restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing, we detected at least four genetically distinct mountain bluebird populations. Based on this structure, we determined that isolation‐by‐distance, the northern Rocky Mountains, and discontinuous habitat are responsible for the low connectivity and the overall history of each population going back to the last glacial maximum. Finally, we identified five candidate genes under balancing selection and three loci under diversifying selection. This study provides the first look at connectivity and gene flow across the range of these high‐altitude and high latitude songbirds.
An allocative method of stationary and vehicle‐mounted mobile energy storage for emergency power supply in urban areas
Authors: Yan Zhe , Zhang Yongming , Yu Jiesheng 
Published: July 2024

AbstractExtreme climate events are on the rise, posing significant challenges to power systems, leading to blackouts and infrastructure damage. Energy storage plays a crucial role in enhancing grid resilience by providing stability, backup power, load shifting capabilities, and voltage regulation. While stationary energy storage has been widely adopted, there is growing interest in vehicle‐mounted mobile energy storage due to its mobility and flexibility. This article proposes an integrated approach that combines stationary and vehicle‐mounted mobile energy storage to optimize power system safety and stability under the conditions of limiting the total investment in both types of energy storages. The principal aim is to minimize the weighted energy not served index in the presence of fault conditions. By strategically allocating energy storage resources and dynamically dispatching stored energy, operators can ensure rapid response and effective power restoration, improving overall reliability in the face of extreme weather events.
Impact of a regional simulation‐based training course in the implementation of external cephalic version: Intervention study
Authors: Pinto Luísa , Fonseca Andreia , Ayres‐de‐Campos Diogo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this study were to assess whether a regional simulation‐based training course in external cephalic version (ECV) would lead to the adoption of this technique in hospitals where it was not previously practiced, and to improve success rates in those already performing it.MethodsThis was an intervention study where two specialists in obstetrics and gynecology from 10 Portuguese public maternity hospitals attended a structured simulation‐based training in ECV. Hospitals were categorized based on whether ECV was conducted prior to the training program, and on their annual number of deliveries. Main outcomes were the number of ECVs performed in the 2 years before and after the course, and their success rates.ResultsImplementation of ECV was achieved in four additional hospitals during the 2 years following the course. Among the three hospitals already performing ECV and able to report their data, no significant differences in success rates were observed in the 2 years following the course (45.6% vs. 47.9%, P = 0.797). After a successful ECV, 77.7% of women had a vaginal delivery.ConclusionA regional simulation‐based training course in ECV led to an increase in the number of hospitals implementing the technique in the subsequent 2 years, but it did not impact the success rates in centers where it was already performed. This study highlights the potential of simulation‐based courses in ECV, as well as the need to improve patients' access to the technique and to centralize ECV services at a regional level.
Dynamic multipath routing for energy‐efficient and reliable communication in 6G networks with MIMO
Authors: Annadurai C. , Nelson I. , Nirmala Devi K. , Thavasi Raja G. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn the era of 6G networks, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology offers unprecedented opportunities for high‐throughput and low‐latency communication. Existing communication frameworks, however, have difficulty optimizing both energy efficiency and reliability at the same time. In most cases, conventional routing protocols fail to meet the needs of MIMO systems, making them inefficient and prone to reliability problems due to their inability to dynamically adapt to different network conditions. This research addresses the intricate interplay between energy efficiency and reliability within the context of 6G networks with MIMO. The motivation for this research arises from the imperative to unlock the full potential of 6G networks with MIMO for achieving energy‐efficient and reliable communication. With the advancement of communication technology, seamless connectivity, minimal energy consumption, and robust reliability become increasingly critical. Currently, solutions cannot adapt dynamically to the diverse and dynamic conditions of a 6G environment. Through this research, we aim to bridge this gap, enhancing 6G network performance and sustainability with unprecedented gains in energy efficiency and reliability. We have developed the Dynamic Multipath Routing (DMR) algorithm by harnessing the advanced features of MIMO technology. The DMR algorithm strategically chooses paths to minimize the effects of fading, interference, and channel impairments, creating a resilient communication network. This improvement is essential for meeting the demanding connectivity needs of various 6G applications, covering ultra‐reliable low‐latency communication and massive machine‐type communication.
The roles of dating and victimization on adverse mental health among teens: Survey findings during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Cheng Shih‐Ying , Gerassi Lara B. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe relationship between romantic involvement, dating violence, other victimizations, and mental health among adolescents in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic is understudied.MethodsThis study analyzed 2021 survey data collected from a representative sample of 9th–12th grade students (n = 10,792) from 24 high schools in a US Midwestern state. Most respondents identified as White, heterosexual, and US‐born, with more than three‐quarters aged 15–17 years. Guided by the poly‐victimization framework, this study explored: (a) How do youth victimizations and mental health concerns differ by their experience of dating and dating violence? (b) What are the associations between youth mental health concerns, victimizations, and dating?ResultsYouths reported mental health concerns and victimizations at considerable rates during the COVID‐19 pandemic when in‐person interactions were limited. Those who experienced dating violence were at a higher risk of reporting other victimizations (i.e., unwanted sexual comments, unwanted sexual contact, sexual photos/videos, sex trading for compensation, discrimination, and bullying). The number of victimizations demonstrated a cumulative effect on teen mental health. Most individual victimizations showed significant net associations with mental health concerns, even when controlling for other differing victimizations.ConclusionsDating violence plays a critical role in the interconnectedness of victimizations, and the number of victimizations has a cumulative effect on teen mental health. The high prevalence of youth victimizations during the time when in‐person interactions were limited suggests that victimizations may transfer from in‐person forms to virtual forms and occur offline. Implications for individual and community prevention and interventions are discussed.
Pathways from school to work: A sequence analysis of non‐engaged youth
Authors: Ngai Steven Sek‐yum , Cheung Chau‐kiu , Ng Yuen‐hang , Lee Bong Joo , Dupéré Véronique , Wang Miao , Chen Chen , Li Yunjun , Zhou Qiushi , Wong Laing‐ming , Zhang Xuyang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIntroductionResearch on heterogeneous pathways in school‐to‐work transitions (SWT), particularly longitudinal research, has been limited, as have empirical studies examining effective interventions for facilitating multiple SWT pathways among non‐engaged youth (NEY), who are generally at risk of being not in education, employment, or training (NEET).MethodsTo develop a typology of SWT pathways, we conducted sequence analysis with longitudinal data from a sample of 630 NEY aged 14–29 (M = 19.78; 63.65% males) in Hong Kong during a 22‐month period beginning in September 2020. We also performed multinomial logistic regressions to assess the impact of career and life development (CLD) interventions on SWT outcomes.ResultsOur analysis yielded a fivefold typology of SWT pathways: the Employment/Entrepreneurship cluster (31.27%), the Vocational Education and Training cluster (13.49%), the Generic Education cluster (16.83%), the Serious Leisure Development cluster (15.24%), and the long‐term NEET cluster (23.17%). NEY in the intervention group receiving CLD services, inspired by the expanded notion of work (ENOW) and youth development and intervention framework (YDIF), demonstrated significantly higher likelihoods of being in the Employment/Entrepreneurship (OR = 34.5, 95% CI [10.53, 105.08]), Generic Education (OR = 3.74, 95% CI [1.81, 7.74]), Vocational Education and Training (OR = 1.55, 95% CI [1.05, 6.26]), and Serious Leisure Development (OR = 1.77, 95% CI [1.04, 4.46]) clusters than the long‐term NEET cluster.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the dynamic, heterogeneous nature of NEY's CLD journeys, including that CLD interventions based on ENOW–YDIF have had a beneficial effect on NEY's multiple SWT pathways.
Community environmental healing benefits: A systematic review comparing intervening variables, environments, and outcomes
Authors: He Nan , Xu Leiqing , Li Na 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAs the smallest spatial unit in the city, the community should be an important space for healing the urban population. This paper presents a systematic review summarizing studies on community healing environments. The study identified 75 publications. The research findings are as follows: the main intervening variables include restorativeness, emotions and mood, stress, and well‐being. Little attention has been paid to the intervening variables including social support, environmental preferences and satisfaction, place attachment, behavior types that respond to personal will, self‐fulfillment, and the spirit of personal culture. The various types of natural environments in communities have been given focused attention for a long time. However, the superiority of the natural environment should not be a reason to underestimate the healing benefits of community spaces. The mechanisms by which environmental characteristics are transformed into positive individual influences through intervening variables should be explored.
Intimate partner violence survivors' reported experiences of discrimination in mental health treatment settings
Authors: López‐Aybar Laura , Gonzales Lauren , Dhillon Ashley 
Published: July 2024

AbstractResearch indicates that survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) face substantial stigma and discrimination, with varying impacts based on demographic factors such as race and income. This study explored perceived discrimination among 88 IPV survivors across different racial backgrounds and income levels in mental health settings. Participants completed a mixed‐method electronic survey assessing discrimination experiences related to survivor status, income, and race within mental health treatment. Results revealed high levels of perceived discrimination based on survivor status among both racially minoritized and majoritized survivors. However, racially minoritized survivors reported greater racial discrimination and associated stress within mental healthcare settings. Regardless of income level, all survivors reported significant discrimination experiences. Qualitative analysis highlighted factors perceived as helpful or unhelpful within mental health settings. This study underscores the need for further research on socioeconomic influences on stigma experiences among IPV survivors and suggests implications for provider training to better support survivors, especially those from diverse racial backgrounds.
Effects of an elimination diet and a healthy diet in children with Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: 1‐Year prospective follow‐up of a two‐arm randomized, controlled study (TRACE study)
Authors: Huberts‐Bosch Annick , Bierens Margreet , Rucklidge Julia J. , Ly Verena , Donders Rogier , van de Loo‐Neus Gigi H. H. , Arias‐Vasquez Alejandro , Klip Helen , Buitelaar Jan K. , van den Berg Saskia W. , Rommelse Nanda N. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundAn Elimination Diet (ED) or Healthy Diet (HD) may be effective in reducing symptoms of Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), but long‐term maintenance effects and feasibility have never been examined.MethodsOne‐year prospective follow‐up of a sample of 165 children (5–12 years) with ADHD randomized (unblinded; 1:1) to 5 weeks treatment with either ED (N = 84) or HD (N = 81) and a non‐randomized comparator arm including 58 children being treated with Care as Usual (CAU). Dietary participants were allowed to add or switch to CAU treatment after 5 weeks. The primary outcome was a 5‐point ordinal measure of improvement based on both parent and teacher ratings on ADHD and dysregulation problems, determined after 1 year prospective follow‐up. Ordinal regression analyses and linear mixed models analyses were conducted on an intention to treat basis. In addition, as‐treated analyses were performed. The trial is closed and registered in the Dutch trial registry, number NL5324.ResultsAt 1 year follow‐up, 24% of the participants still complied with the ED and 37% still complied with the HD. In the ED (+CAU) trajectory, fewer participants showed (partial) improvement after 1‐year prospective follow‐up compared to the HD (+CAU) trajectory (47% vs. 64%, χ2 (4, N = 152) = 11.97, p = 0.018). The HD (+CAU) ‐ but not ED (+CAU) ‐ trajectory had comparable 1‐year outcomes compared to the non‐randomized CAU‐trajectory. Results for secondary outcomes (e.g. health, parental stress) did not differ between the ED (+CAU) and HD (+CAU) trajectories. The prevalence of psychostimulant use was lower in the ED (+CAU) and HD (+CAU) trajectories compared to the non‐randomized CAU‐trajectory (38%, 45%, 78%, respectively). Predictors for long‐term benefit from dietary treatments included high initial severity of ADHD problems, low severity of emotional problems and sufficient parental mental resources.ConclusionsIn line with the short‐term effects, prospective 1‐year follow‐up outcomes are in favor of treatment with HD and not ED. Initial 5‐week treatment with HD and if needed/preferred followed by CAU may reduce psychostimulant use without negatively impacting 1‐year outcomes.
Orthopaedic surgeons display a positive outlook towards artificial intelligence: A survey among members of the AGA Society for Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery
Authors: Rupp Marco‐Christopher , Moser Lukas B. , Hess Silvan , Angele Peter , Aurich Matthias , Dyrna Felix , Nehrer Stefan , Neubauer Markus , Pawelczyk Johannes , Izadpanah Kaywan , Zellner Johannes , Niemeyer Philipp ,   AGA‐Komitee Innovation und Translation
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the perspective of orthopaedic surgeons on the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and to evaluate the influence of experience, workplace setting and familiarity with digital solutions on views on AI.MethodsOrthopaedic surgeons of the AGA Society for Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery were invited to participate in an online, cross‐sectional survey designed to gather information on professional background, subjective AI knowledge, opinion on the future impact of AI, openness towards different applications of AI, and perceived advantages and disadvantages of AI. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the influence of experience, workplace setting and openness towards digital solutions on perspectives towards AI.ResultsOverall, 360 orthopaedic surgeons participated. The majority indicated average (43.6%) or rudimentary (38.1%) AI knowledge. Most (54.5%) expected AI to substantially influence orthopaedics within 5–10 years, predominantly as a complementary tool (91.1%). Preoperative planning (83.8%) was identified as the most likely clinical use case. A lack of consensus was observed regarding acceptable error levels. Time savings in preoperative planning (62.5%) and improved documentation (81%) were identified as notable advantages while declining skills of the next generation (64.5%) were rated as the most substantial drawback. There were significant differences in subjective AI knowledge depending on participants' experience (p = 0.021) and familiarity with digital solutions (p < 0.001), acceptable error levels depending on workplace setting (p = 0.004), and prediction of AI impact depending on familiarity with digital solutions (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe majority of orthopaedic surgeons in this survey anticipated a notable positive impact of AI on their field, primarily as an assistive technology. A lack of consensus on acceptable error levels of AI and concerns about declining skills among future surgeons were observed.Level of EvidenceLevel IV, cross‐sectional study.
The myocutaneous gastrocnemius flap for periprosthetic joint infection of the knee
Authors: Müller Seraina L. C. , Kuehl Richard , Schaefer Dirk J. , Morgenstern Mario , Clauss Martin , Osinga Rik 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPurposePeriprosthetic joint infection (PJI) following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) presents significant challenges, especially in elderly and comorbid patients, often necessitating revision surgeries. We report on a series of patients with confirmed PJI of the knee and concomitant soft‐tissue/extensor apparatus defects, treated by using pedicled myocutaneous medial or lateral sural artery perforator (MSAP/LSAP) gastrocnemius flaps.MethodsOur retrospective study at the Center for Musculoskeletal Infections, included patients with knee PJI undergoing pedicled myocutaneous MSAP/LSAP gastrocnemius flap reconstruction for combined soft tissue and extensor apparatus defects. The tendinous back of the gastrocnemius muscle was used and, if required, the Achilles tendon for extensor apparatus reconstruction, with the skin island addressing the cutaneous defect. Perioperative complications and postoperative outcomes after 1 year were evaluated, including functional and clinical assessments with the American Knee Society Score (AKSS).ResultsEight patients (mean age 73 years; five female) were included, predominantly with Staphylococcus aureus infections. Six patients involved isolated MSAP flaps, two were extended with the Achilles tendon. The median time for wound healing was 9 days. Short‐term follow‐up showed successful reconstruction in seven patients, with minor wound dehiscence in one patient. One patient required flap revision for a perigenicular haemato‐seroma and two patients were diagnosed with new haematogenous PJI infection. Significant improvement in AKSS scores after surgery was observed (functional AKSS: median 33–85; clinical AKSS: median 64–91, p = 0.001).ConclusionPedicled myocutaneous MSAP/LSAP gastrocnemius flaps offer a safe, reliable and versatile option for reconstructing combined soft tissue and extensor apparatus defects in PJI after TKA. This approach yields excellent functional outcomes with minimal peri‐ and postoperative complications, which is particularly beneficial in elderly and comorbid patients and feasible in settings without microsurgical availability.Level of evidenceLevel IV.
Toxocara canis: Prospective activity of Quercetin and venom of Cassiopea andromeda (Cnidaria: Cassiopeidae) against third‐stage larvae in vitro
Authors: Elmahy Rasha A. , Moustafa Alaa Y. , Radwan Nahla A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractToxocariasis is a zoonotic parasitic infection with worldwide distribution and high impact on human health. It has a limited clinical resolution with the available drugs, making it challenging to treat. Quercetin, which possesses biological and pharmacological qualities including antiparasitic, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, is a possible substitute for the current medications. Marine invertebrates can produce a vast array of different molecules, many of which are biologically active substances with distinct characteristics. In this study, we assessed the in vitro nematocidal effect of both quercetin and venom of Cassiopea andromeda (jellyfish) against third larvae of Toxocara canis. In microplates with Roswell Park Memorial Institute‐1640 medium, larvae were incubated with ethanolic extract of quercetin (0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.08, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 mM/mL) and water extract of C. andromeda venom (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, and 60 µg/mL) to evaluate their larvicidal effect. A scanning electron microscopy has investigated the possible effect of lethal concentration (LC90) of both extracts on the body wall of cultivated larvae, in comparison with those cultivated in albendazole. Our study revealed the effects of both quercetin and C. andromeda venom exposure on the mortality rate and the ultrastructure of T. canis third larva in comparison with control and albendazole‐treated groups.