bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fire structural modelling and testing of welded aluminium plate
Authors: Chevali V.S. , Summers P. , Cholewa N. , Afaghi Khatibi A. , Feih S. , Lattimer B.Y. , Case S.W. , Mouritz A.P. 
Published: September 2014

SummaryThe structural response of welded aluminium in fire is computationally and experimentally analysed. A finite element (FE) model is developed to compute the deformation and failure of gas metal arc welded (GMAW) aluminium plate under combined loading and one‐sided unsteady‐state heating representative of fire. The FE model predicts the deformation of the weld, heat‐affected zone and parent plate based on the combined effects of elastic softening, plastic softening and creep. The effects of residual stresses in the weld and thermal expansion on the deformation response are also analysed. The numerical accuracy of the model is rigorously evaluated using a large amount of deformation and failure stress data obtained from fire structural tests performed with welded AA5083–AA5083, AA5083–AA6061 and AA6061–AA6061 plates. Good agreement is found between results computed with the FE model and experimental testing. The results reveal that GMAW welds do not reduce the structural performance of aluminium in fire unless the maximum temperature remains below the recrystallisation temperature. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Quantile Regression Approach to Equity Premium Prediction
Authors: Meligkotsidou Loukia , Panopoulou Ekaterini , Vrontos Ioannis D. , Vrontos Spyridon D. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTWe propose a quantile regression approach to equity premium forecasting. Robust point forecasts are generated from a set of quantile forecasts using both fixed and time‐varying weighting schemes, thereby exploiting the entire distributional information associated with each predictor. Further gains are achieved by incorporating the forecast combination methodology into our quantile regression setting. Our approach using a time‐varying weighting scheme delivers statistically and economically significant out‐of‐sample forecasts relative to both the historical average benchmark and the combined predictive mean regression modeling approach. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting Online Auctions via Self‐Exciting Point Processes
Authors: Chan Ngai Hang , Li Zehang Richard , Yau Chun Yip 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTModeling online auction prices is a popular research topic among statisticians and marketing analysts. Recent research mainly focuses on two directions: one is the functional data analysis (FDA) approach, in which the price–time relationship is modeled by a smooth curve, and the other is the point process approach, which directly models the arrival process of bidders and bids. In this paper, a novel model for the bid arrival process using a self‐exciting point process (SEPP) is proposed and applied to forecast auction prices. The FDA and point process approaches are linked together by using functional data analysis technique to describe the intensity of the bid arrival point process. Using the SEPP to model the bid arrival process, many stylized facts in online auction data can be captured. We also develop a simulation‐based forecasting procedure using the estimated SEPP intensity and historical bidding increment. In particular, prediction interval for the terminal price of merchandise can be constructed. Applications to eBay auction data of Harry Potter books and Microsoft Xbox show that the SEPP model provides more accurate and more informative forecasting results than traditional methods. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Quasi 2D Model of a High Temperature Polymer Fuel Cell for the Interpretation of Impedance Spectra
Authors: Baricci A. , Zago M. , Casalegno A. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractElectrochemical impedance spectroscopy is a widely recognized tool for in situ diagnostics of polymer fuel cells. The main drawback of this measurement is that it includes several features, which are not directly related to physical phenomena and the interpretation is often difficult. In this work, a physical quasi 2D model is applied to experimental data of a high temperature proton exchange fuel cell based on polybenzimidazole doped with phosphoric acid. The quasi 2D approach is applied in order to decrease the computational cost of the model, without decreasing the prediction capability. The model is able to simulate polarization curves and impedance spectra and it is fitted on six polarization data and impedance spectra recorded in different conditions. The model is able to capture the main features of a typical spectrum of a polybenzimidazole based high temperature polymer fuel cell. A sensitivity analysis is also performed on the model parameters to show the effect of each physical parameter.
Dissociation of spatial representations within hippocampal region CA3
Authors: Marrone Diano F. , Satvat Elham , Odintsova Irina V. , Gheidi Ali 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTClassic models of the hippocampus uniformly ascribe pattern completion to CA3, but recent data suggest CA3c (enclosed by the dentate gyrus) may act in a manner more consistent with the dentate and aid in pattern separation. The ideal test for functional distinction within CA3, however, is to compare the responses in these regions in the same animal in multiple contexts. To accomplish this, animals visited two contexts with varying degrees of similarity and the pattern of repeated Arc expression was examined across the pyramidal cell layer. Under conditions of partial cue change, responses in CA3c are far more distinct than CA3a/b, consistent with evidence for functional diversity along the transverse axis of CA3. These data add to the mounting evidence that “classic” roles ascribed to CA3 in learning and memory require re‐evaluation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impacts of regional warming on long‐term hypolimnetic anoxia and dissolved oxygen concentration in a deep lake
Authors: Ito Yuji , Momii Kazuro 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAlthough few reports have described long‐term continuous anoxia in aquatic systems, Lake Ikeda in Japan experienced such conditions in the hypolimnion from 1990 to 2010. The present study aimed to assess temporal fluctuations in the lake's thermal stability from 1978 to 2011 to understand the influence of regional climate change on hypolimnetic anoxia in this lake. Because complete vertical mixing, which supplies dissolved oxygen (DO) to the hypolimnion, potentially occurs on February, we calculated the Schmidt stability index (S) in February and compared it with hypolimnetic DO dynamics. Vertical water temperature profiles were calculated using a one‐dimensional model, and calculated temperatures and meteorological data were used to analyse annual fluctuations in water temperatures, thermocline depth, meteorological variables and S. We estimated that mean annual air and volume‐weighted water temperatures increased by 0.028 and 0.033 °C year−1, respectively, from 1978 to 2011. Between 1986 and 1990, S and water temperature increased abruptly, probably due to a large upwards trend in air temperature (+0.239 °C year−1). We hypothesize that a mixing regime that lacked overturn took effect at this time and that this regime lasted until 2011, when S was particularly small. These results demonstrate that abrupt climate warming in the late 1980s likely triggered the termination of complete mixing and caused the 21‐year period of successive anoxia in Lake Ikeda. We conclude that the lake response to a rapid shift in regional climate conditions was a key factor in changing the hypolimnetic water environment and that thermal stability in winter is a critical environmental factor controlling the mixing regime and anoxic conditions in deep lakes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Whole Cell Modeling: From Single Cells to Colonies
Authors: Cole John A. , Luthey‐Schulten Zaida 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA great deal of research over the last several years has focused on how the inherent randomness in movements and reactivity of biomolecules can give rise to unexpected large‐scale differences in the behavior of otherwise identical cells. Our own research has approached this problem from two vantage points – a microscopic kinetic view of the individual molecules (nucleic acids, proteins, etc.) diffusing and interacting in a crowded cellular environment; and a broader systems‐level view of how enzyme variability can give rise to well‐defined metabolic phenotypes. The former led to the development of the Lattice Microbes software – a GPU‐accelerated stochastic simulator for reaction‐diffusion processes in models of whole cells; the latter to the development of a method we call population flux balance analysis (FBA). The first part of this article reviews the Lattice Microbes methodology, and two recent technical advances that extend the capabilities of Lattice Microbes to enable simulations of larger organisms and colonies. The second part of this article focuses on our recent population FBA study of Escherichia coli, which predicted variability in the usage of different metabolic pathways resulting from heterogeneity in protein expression. Finally, we discuss exciting early work using a new hybrid methodology that integrates FBA with spatially resolved kinetic simulations to study how cells compete and cooperate within dense colonies and consortia.
Internationalization Versus Regionalization in the Emerging Stock Markets
Authors: Coudert Virginie , Hervé Karine , Mabille Pierre 
Published: September 2014

AbstractGlobalization has led financial markets to be more and more correlated across countries, especially between advanced and emerging countries. We propose to shed light on the issue of financial integration in emerging countries by resorting to complementary econometric approaches. For that, we draw a parallel between the results from a rolling window OLS regression — evaluating to what extent shocks on regional and developed stock markets are passed through to emerging markets — and the results from a trivariate Baba–Engle–Kraft–Kroner‐general auto‐regressive conditional heteroskedasticity model assessing the dynamic of integration in emerging markets While regional integration is by and large a central characteristic of most emerging stock markets, the pattern of financial shocks transmission turns out to vary substantially across countries and over time. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐walled carbon nanotube and graphene nanodelivery of gambogic acid increases its cytotoxicity in breast and pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Saeed Lamya M , Mahmood Meena , Pyrek Sebastian J. , Fahmi Tariq , Xu Yang , Mustafa Thikra , Nima Zeid A. , Bratton Stacie M. , Casciano Dan , Dervishi Enkeleda , Radominska‐Pandya Anna , Biris Alexandru S. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTGraphene and single‐walled carbon nanotubes were used to deliver the natural low‐toxicity drug gambogic acid (GA) to breast and pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, and the effectiveness of this complex in suppressing cellular integrity was assessed. Cytotoxicity was assessed by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release, mitochondria dehydrogenase activity, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, DNA fragmentation, intracellular lipid content, and membrane permeability/caspase activity. The nanomaterials showed no toxicity at the concentrations used, and the antiproliferative effects of GA were significantly enhanced by nanodelivery. The results suggest that these complexes inhibit human breast and pancreatic cancer cells grown in vitro. This analysis represents a first step toward assessing their effectiveness in more complex, targeted, nanodelivery systems. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &#38; Sons, Ltd.
Graphene supports in vitro proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of goat adult mesenchymal stem cells: potential for bone tissue engineering
Authors: Elkhenany Hoda , Amelse Lisa , Lafont Andersen , Bourdo Shawn , Caldwell Marc , Neilsen Nancy , Dervishi Enkeleda , Derek Oshin , Biris Alexandru S. , Anderson David , Dhar Madhu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCurrent treatments for bone loss injuries involve autologous and allogenic bone grafts, metal alloys and ceramics. Although these therapies have proved useful, they suffer from inherent challenges, and hence, an adequate bone replacement therapy has not yet been found. We hypothesize that graphene may be a useful nanoscaffold for mesenchymal stem cells and will promote proliferation and differentiation into bone progenitor cells. In this study, we evaluate graphene, a biocompatible inert nanomaterial, for its effect on in vitro growth and differentiation of goat adult mesenchymal stem cells. Cell proliferation and differentiation are compared between polystyrene‐coated tissue culture plates and graphene‐coated plates. Graphitic materials are cytocompatible and support cell adhesion and proliferation. Importantly, cells seeded on to oxidized graphene films undergo osteogenic differentiation in fetal bovine serum‐containing medium without the addition of any glucocorticoid or specific growth factors. These findings support graphene's potential to act as an osteoinducer and a vehicle to deliver mesenchymal stem cells, and suggest that the combination of graphene and goat mesenchymal stem cells provides a promising construct for bone tissue engineering. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐clinical safety evaluation of single and repeated intramuscular administrations of MAGE‐A3 Cancer Immunotherapeutic in rabbits and cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Destexhe Eric , Grosdidier Emilie , Baudson Nathalie , Forster Roy , Gerard Catherine , Garçon Nathalie , Segal Lawrence 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe MAGE‐A3 recombinant protein combined with AS15 immunostimulant (MAGE‐A3 Cancer Immunotherapeutic) is under development by GlaxoSmithKline for the treatment of lung cancer and melanoma. We performed non‐clinical safety studies evaluating potential local and systemic toxic effects induced by MAGE‐A3 Cancer Immunotherapeutic in rabbits (study 1) and cynomolgus monkeys (study 2). Animals were allocated to two groups to receive a single (rabbits) or 25 repeated (every 2 weeks) injections (monkeys) of MAGE‐A3 Cancer Immunotherapeutic (treatment groups) or saline (control groups). All rabbits were sacrificed 3 days post‐injection and monkeys 3 days following last injection (3/5 per gender per group) or after a 3‐month treatment‐free period (2/5 per gender per group). Local and systemic reactions and MAGE‐A3‐specific immune responses (monkeys) were assessed. Macroscopic and microscopic (for rabbits, injection site only) post‐mortem examinations were performed on all animals. No systemic toxicity or unscheduled mortalities were recorded. Single (rabbits) and repeated (monkeys; up to four times at the same site) injections were well tolerated. Following five to seven repeated injections, limb circumferences increased up to 26% (5 h post‐injection), but returned to normal after 1–8 days. Three days after the last injection, enlargements of iliac, popliteal, axillary and inguinal lymph nodes, and increased incidence or severity of mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrates was observed in injected muscles of treated monkeys. No treatment‐related macroscopic findings were recorded after the treatment‐free period. MAGE‐A3‐specific antibody and T‐cell responses were raised in all treated monkeys, confirming test item exposure. Single or repeated intramuscular injections of MAGE‐A3 Cancer Immunotherapeutic were well tolerated in rabbits and monkeys. Copyright © 2014 GlaxoSmithKline Vaccines. Journal of Applied Toxicology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cylindrospermopsin induces oxidative stress and genotoxic effects in the fish CLC cell line
Authors: Sieroslawska Anna , Rymuszka Anna 
Published: September 2014

AbstractCylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxin detected in water reservoirs worldwide. The toxin is a potent protein synthesis inhibitor capable of adversely influencing a wide range of cell functions. While data on the prooxidative potency of CYN are inconsistent, genotoxic effects towards certain mammalian cell types have been described. However, such a potential on fish cells has not yet been investigated. Hence, the aim of the study was to elucidate the prooxidative and genotoxic impact of CYN on a common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) leucocyte cell line (CLC). The cells were incubated with the cyanotoxin at concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 or 1 µg ml–1. After 24 h, cytotoxic activity of CYN at the highest used concentration was confirmed by decreased cell membrane integrity and inhibited cell proliferation. Additionally, CYN at 0.5 and 1 µg ml–1 increased intracellular ATP levels and decreased the reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio. Furthermore, a significant increase in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production with concomitant changes in superoxide dismutase activity was observed after a 3.5‐h exposure of the cells to the toxin. Genotoxic activity of CYN, manifested as oxidative DNA damage and elevated number of micronuclei, was also detected in exposed cells. The obtained results indicate that CYN is able to exert a wide range of adverse effects, including oxidative stress and genotoxicity in fish leucocytes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure to MnCl2 · 4H2O during development induces activation of microglial and perivascular macrophage populations in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rats
Authors: Abe Hajime , Ohishi Takumi , Nakane Fumiyuki , Shiraki Ayako , Tanaka Takeshi , Yoshida Toshinori , Shibutani Makoto 
Published: September 2014

AbstractDevelopmental exposure to Mn caused Mn accumulation in the brain tissue and transient disruption of granule cell neurogenesis, targeting the late stage differentiation of progenitor cells in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rats. Because neurogenesis is influenced by proinflammatory responses, this study was performed to determine whether Mn exposure causes microglial activation in the dentate hilus, a region anatomically close to the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. Pregnant rats were treated with dietary MnCl2 · 4H2O at 32, 160 or 800 ppm from gestational day 10 to day 21 after delivery. An immunohistochemical analysis revealed increases in Iba1+ microglia in the hilus on postnatal day 21 following exposure to MnCl2 · 4H2O in a dose‐unrelated manner at 32 and at 800 ppm and an increase in CD163+ macrophage at 800 ppm in the hilus. Real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed increases in the mRNA levels of Il1α, Il6, Nos2 and Tnf after 800 ppm MnCl2 · 4H2O. These results suggest that activation of microglia and perivascular macrophages occurs in the hilus after developmental exposure to MnCl2 · 4H2O at 800 ppm, and probably involves the disruption of neurogenesis through the accumulation of Mn in the brain tissue. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of haemostatic decontaminants for the treatment of wounds contaminated with chemical warfare agents. 2: Evaluation of in vitro topical decontamination efficacy using undamaged skin
Authors: Dalton Christopher H. , Hall Charlotte A. , Lydon Helen L. , Chipman J. K. , Graham John S. , Jenner John , Chilcott Robert P. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe risk of penetrating, traumatic injury occurring in a chemically contaminated environment cannot be discounted. Should a traumatic injury be contaminated with a chemical warfare (CW) agent, it is likely that standard haemostatic treatment options would be complicated by the need to decontaminate the wound milieu. Thus, there is a need to develop haemostatic products that can simultaneously arrest haemorrhage and decontaminate CW agents. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a number of candidate haemostats for efficacy as skin decontaminants against three CW agents (soman, VX and sulphur mustard) using an in vitro diffusion cell containing undamaged pig skin. One haemostatic product (WoundStat™) was shown to be as effective as the standard military decontaminants Fuller's earth and M291 for the decontamination of all three CW agents. The most effective haemostatic agents were powder‐based and use fluid absorption as a mechanism of action to sequester CW agent (akin to the decontaminant Fuller's earth). The envisaged use of haemostatic decontaminants would be to decontaminate from within wounds and from damaged skin. Therefore, WoundStat™ should be subject to further evaluation using an in vitro model of damaged skin. Copyright © 2014 Crown copyright. Journal of Applied Toxicology © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early chronic lead exposure reduces exploratory activity in young C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Flores‐Montoya Mayra Gisel , Sobin Christina 
Published: September 2014

AbstractResearch has suggested that chronic low‐level lead exposure diminishes neurocognitive function in children. Tests that are sensitive to behavioral effects at lowest levels of lead exposure are needed for the development of animal models. In this study we investigated the effects of chronic low‐level lead exposure on exploratory activity (unbaited nose poke task), exploratory ambulation (open field task) and motor coordination (Rotarod task) in pre‐adolescent mice. C57BL/6J pups were exposed to 0 ppm (controls), 30 ppm (low‐dose) or 230 ppm (high‐dose) lead acetate via dams’ drinking water administered from birth to postnatal day 28, to achieve a range of blood lead levels (BLLs) from not detectable to 14.84 µg dl–1). At postnatal day 28, mice completed behavioral testing and were killed (n = 61). BLLs were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The effects of lead exposure on behavior were tested using generalized linear mixed model analyses with BLL, sex and the interaction as fixed effects, and litter as the random effect. BLL predicted decreased exploratory activity and no threshold of effect was apparent. As BLL increased, nose pokes decreased. The C57BL/6J mouse is a useful model for examining effects of early chronic low‐level lead exposure on behavior. In the C57BL/6J mouse, the unbaited nose poke task is sensitive to the effects of early chronic low‐level lead exposure. This is the first animal study to show behavioral effects in pre‐adolescent lead‐exposed mice with BLL below 5 µg dl–1. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chitosan‐alginate membranes accelerate wound healing
Authors: Caetano Guilherme Ferreira , Frade Marco Andrey Cipriani , Andrade Thiago Antônio Moretti , Leite Marcel Nani , Bueno Cecilia Zorzi , Moraes Ângela Maria , Ribeiro‐Paes João Tadeu 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of chitosan‐alginate membrane to accelerate wound healing in experimental cutaneous wounds. Two wounds were performed in Wistar rats by punching (1.5 cm diameter), treated with membranes moistened with saline solution (CAM group) or with saline only (SL group). After 2, 7, 14, and 21 days of surgery, five rats of each group were euthanized and reepithelialization was evaluated. The wounds/scars were harvested for histological, flow cytometry, neutrophil infiltrate, and hydroxyproline analysis. CAM group presented higher inflammatory cells recruitment as compared to SL group on 2nd day. On the 7th day, CAM group showed higher CD11b+ level and lower of neutrophils than SL group. The CAM group presented higher CD4+ cells influx than SL group on 2nd day, but it decreased during the follow up and became lower on 14th and 21st days. Higher fibroplasia was noticed on days 7 and 14 as well as higher collagenesis on 21st in the CAM group in comparison to SL group. CAM group showed faster reepithelialization on 7th day than SL group, although similar in other days. In conclusion, chitosan‐alginate membrane modulated the inflammatory phase, stimulated fibroplasia and collagenesis, accelerating wound healing process in rats. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 103B: 1013–1022, 2015.