bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The experiences of adults with learning disabilities attending a sexuality and relationship group:“I want to get married and have kids”
Authors: Box Matthew , Shawe Jill 
Published: June 2013

BackgroundPeople with learning disabilities are frequently denied or restricted in their right to express their sexuality by restrictive policies, negative attitudes or lack of awareness of their needs. They also tend to have differing and unrecognised sexual health needs to those of the general population. Evidence suggests that acquiring a greater knowledge and awareness of sexuality and relationship issues helps to decrease these disadvantages and to promote a greater sense of well-being for this group.MethodsThe experiences of eight adults with learning disabilities attending a sexuality and relationship group, based on a mixture of validated and established sexuality and relationship programmes, were explored using a case study approach. Participants’ experiences were gathered through semi-structured interviews and analysed using qualitative content analysis supported by participant observation and pre- and post-group assessment of knowledge.ResultsParticipant experiences were unique and individual, with few shared opinions. All participants demonstrated increases in their total knowledge scores in the post-group assessment and felt that attending the group had changed their views on relationships; they felt that they were more able to talk to others, to trust someone, to feel confident to want longer relationships and to be married with children.ConclusionsSexuality and relationship groups can offer participants a beneficial and positive experience to explore such issues. The experiences of participants could be enhanced through adopting a person-centred approach and through recognising that participants have individual experiences that may not be shared within the group environment.
High rates of unprotected anal intercourse with regular and casual partners and associated risk factors in a sample of ethnic Malay men who have sex with men (MSM) in Penang, Malaysia
Authors: Lim Sin How , Bazazi Alexander Reza , Sim Clarence , Choo Martin , Altice Frederick L , Kamarulzaman Adeeba 
Published: June 2013

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) and its correlates among ethnic Malay men who have sex with men (MSM).MethodsIn 2010, a convenience sample of 350 MSM in Penang were recruited to participate in an anonymous, computerised survey with rapid HIV testing. Participants who were not of Malay ethnicity (n=44) or who did not report sex with another man in the previous 12 months (n=22) were excluded, resulting in 284 participants in the final analysis. Correlates of UAI were examined separately for regular and casual partnerships using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression.ResultsFour men (1.9%) tested HIV positive. In the past 12 months, 64.7% of participants had regular sexual partners, 77.1% had casual sexual partners and 41.9% had both. Most participants (83.1%) reported UAI, which was more common in regular partnerships. Over two-thirds of participants had never been tested for HIV. In multivariate analysis, agreement about sexual risk reduction practices was associated with a reduction in UAI with regular partners (adjusted OR (AOR)=0.14, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.40). Reporting difficulty in using condoms was associated with an increase in UAI with casual partners (AOR=9.07, 95% CI 3.35 to 24.5), and any exposure to HIV prevention was associated with a decrease in UAI with casual partners (AOR=0.22, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.54).ConclusionsDespite highly prevalent HIV risk behaviours, HIV seropositivity and prior HIV testing were low. Increasing sexual negotiation skills and access to HIV testing and other prevention services may improve future prevention efforts.
Issues in dating young rocks from another planet: Martian shergottites
Authors: Park Jisun , Bogard Donald D. , Nyquist Laurence E. , Herzog G. F. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract

The
40
Ar/
39
Ar ages of a group of Martian meteorites called shergottites are systematically older by about 25% or more than ages obtained using Sm–Nd and other radiometric dating methods. The older
40
Ar/
39
Ar ages indicate the presence of
40
Ar not derived
in situ
from the radiogenic decay of
40
K. The ‘excess’ argon can be associated with several different components, including the Martian atmosphere and mantle. We discuss the sources of Ar in shergottites, and the methods used to separate and identify them.
A laser probe
40
Ar/
39
Ar investigation of poikilitic shergottite NWA 4797: implications for the timing of shock metamorphism
Authors: Walton Erin L. , Kelley Simon , Herd Christopher D. K. , Irving Anthony J. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Spatially resolved argon isotope measurements have been performed on neutron-irradiated samples of NW Africa (NWA) 4797. Shock heating of NWA 4797 completely melted and vesiculated precursor igneous plagioclase, which cooled to an assemblage of plagioclase crystals with interstitial glasses of variable composition (Ca/K ratios). Using a focused ultraviolet laser beam, is has been possible to distinguish between argon isotopic signatures from groundmass minerals (igneous olivine + pyroxene), plagioclase and a shock vein. This study focuses on the potential for this meteorite to shed light on shock ages of shergottites.

Apparent
40
Ar/
39
Ar ages of groundmass minerals show that there are large amounts of excess argon in this phase, yielding a wide range of calculated ages from 690 ± 30 Ma to several apparent ages older than 4.5 Ga. A traverse of laser-probe extractions across the 1 mm-diameter shock vein in NWA 4797 yielded apparent
40
Ar/
39
Ar ages younger than the groundmass. A signature of the Martian atmosphere, identified by
40
Ar/
36
Ar ratios of 1600–1900, was not found in the NWA 4797 shock vein. This is distinct from other shergottites where the products of shock melting contain a nearly pure sample of Martian atmosphere. We attribute this to a distinct formation mechanism, and hence gas-trapping mechanism, of the NWA 4797 shock vein.

We undertook 44 analyses of plagioclase areas identified by SEM analysis. Ages ranged from 45 ± 27 to 3771 ± 109 Ma and yield an average age of 375 ± 77 Ma, considerably younger than ages obtained in this study from either the groundmass or the shock vein. A plot of age v.
37
Ar/
39
Ar for plagioclase showed a continuum of ages from the oldest to youngest ages measured. Older ages are correlated with higher Ca/K ratios of plagioclase, indicating contamination from groundmass minerals rich in excess argon. The youngest ages correlate to plagioclase extractions with the lowest Ca/K ratios, interpreted to have crystallized from a nearly pure plagioclase melt with contributions from a K-rich mesostasis. We see no evidence for multiple shock events in NWA 4797. Rather, we favour the interpretation that the cosmic-ray exposure (CRE) age of 3.0±0.5 Ma, obtained on NWA 4797 in this study using cosmogenic
38
Ar, approximates the timing of shock melting in this meteorite.

Supplementary material:

Laser probe argon isotopic data for NWA 4797 obtained in this study are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18602
.
Transcription Poisoning by Topoisomerase I Is Controlled by Gene Length, Splice Sites, and miR-142-3p
Authors: Solier Stéphanie , Ryan Michael C. , Martin Scott E. , Varma Sudhir , Kohn Kurt W. , Liu Hongfang , Zeeberg Barry R. , Pommier Yves 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Topoisomerase I (Top1) relaxes DNA supercoiling by forming transient cleavage complexes (Top1cc) up- and downstream of transcription complexes. Top1cc can be trapped by carcinogenic and endogenous DNA lesions and by camptothecin, resulting in transcription blocks. Here, we undertook genome-wide analysis of camptothecin-treated cells at exon resolution. RNA samples from HCT116 and MCF7 cells were analyzed with the Affy Exon Array platform, allowing high-resolution mapping along 18,537 genes. Long genes that are highly expressed were the most susceptible to downregulation, whereas short genes were preferentially upregulated. Along the body of genes, downregulation was most important toward the 3′-end and increased with the number of exon–intron junctions. Ubiquitin and RNA degradation-related pathway genes were selectively downregulated. Parallel analysis of microRNA with the Agilent miRNA microarray platform revealed that miR-142-3p was highly induced by camptothecin. More than 10% of the downregulated genes were targets of this p53-dependent microRNA. Our study shows the profound impact of Top1cc on transcription elongation, especially at intron–exon junctions and on transcript stability by microRNA miR-142-3p upregulation. Cancer Res; 73(15); 4830–9. ©2013 AACR.
Inhibitor-Sensitive FGFR2 and FGFR3 Mutations in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Liao Rachel G. , Jung Joonil , Tchaicha Jeremy , Wilkerson Matthew D. , Sivachenko Andrey , Beauchamp Ellen M. , Liu Qingsong , Pugh Trevor J. , Pedamallu Chandra Sekhar , Hayes D. Neil , Gray Nathanael S. , Getz Gad , Wong Kwok-Kin , Haddad Robert I. , Meyerson Matthew , Hammerman Peter S. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
A comprehensive description of genomic alterations in lung squamous cell carcinoma (lung SCC) has recently been reported, enabling the identification of genomic events that contribute to the oncogenesis of this disease. In lung SCC, one of the most frequently altered receptor tyrosine kinase families is the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family, with amplification or mutation observed in all four family members. Here, we describe the oncogenic nature of mutations observed in FGFR2 and FGFR3, each of which are observed in 3% of samples, for a mutation rate of 6% across both genes. Using cell culture and xenograft models, we show that several of these mutations drive cellular transformation. Transformation can be reversed by small-molecule FGFR inhibitors currently being developed for clinical use. We also show that mutations in the extracellular domains of FGFR2 lead to constitutive FGFR dimerization. In addition, we report a patient with an FGFR2-mutated oral SCC who responded to the multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib. These findings provide new insights into driving oncogenic events in a subset of lung squamous cancers, and recommend future clinical studies with FGFR inhibitors in patients with lung and head and neck SCC. Cancer Res; 73(16); 5195–205. ©2013 AACR.
The DREAM Complex Mediates GIST Cell Quiescence and Is a Novel Therapeutic Target to Enhance Imatinib-Induced Apoptosis
Authors: Boichuk Sergei , Parry Joshua A. , Makielski Kathleen R. , Litovchick Larisa , Baron Julianne L. , Zewe James P. , Wozniak Agnieszka , Mehalek Keith R. , Korzeniewski Nina , Seneviratne Danushka S. , Schöffski Patrick , Debiec-Rychter Maria , DeCaprio James A. , Duensing Anette 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) can be successfully treated with imatinib mesylate (Gleevec); however, complete remissions are rare and patients frequently achieve disease stabilization in the presence of residual tumor masses. The clinical observation that discontinuation of treatment can lead to tumor progression suggests that residual tumor cells are, in fact, quiescent and, therefore, able to re-enter the cell-division cycle. In line with this notion, we have previously shown that imatinib induces GIST cell quiescence in vitro through the APCCDH1–SKP2–p27Kip1 signaling axis. Here, we provide evidence that imatinib induces GIST cell quiescence in vivo and that this process also involves the DREAM complex, a multisubunit complex that has recently been identified as an additional key regulator of quiescence. Importantly, inhibition of DREAM complex formation by depletion of the DREAM regulatory kinase DYRK1A or its target LIN52 was found to enhance imatinib-induced cell death. Our results show that imatinib induces apoptosis in a fraction of GIST cells while, at the same time, a subset of cells undergoes quiescence involving the DREAM complex. Inhibition of this process enhances imatinib-induced apoptosis, which opens the opportunity for future therapeutic interventions to target the DREAM complex for more efficient imatinib responses. Cancer Res; 73(16); 5120–9. ©2013 AACR.
Controlled Local Delivery of CTLA-4 Blocking Antibody Induces CD8+ T-Cell–Dependent Tumor Eradication and Decreases Risk of Toxic Side Effects
Authors: Fransen Marieke F. , van der Sluis Tetje C. , Ossendorp Ferry , Arens Ramon , Melief Cornelis J.M. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Purpose: Blockade of CTLA-4 by antibodies has potentiated antitumor T-cell responses in both preclinical models and clinical trials. However, treatment with CTLA-4 blocking antibodies is associated with autoimmune and inflammatory side effects. In this study, we propose a novel administration method for CTLA-4 blocking antibodies as monotherapy.
Experimental Design: We use different preclinical mouse models of cancer to investigate the local administration of CTLA-4 blocking antibody and its effect on cancer progression and the antitumor T-cell response.
Results: By injecting the antibodies in a subcutaneous slow-release delivery formulation in the tumor area, we show that an eight-fold lower dose of antibody is as effective in inducing tumor eradication as systemic delivery. A lower dose and slow release of the antibody results in thousand-fold decreased levels of antibody in the serum, reducing adverse events and the risk of autoimmunity. The main target and effector cells of the CTLA-4 blockade treatment in the studied tumor models are tumor-specific endogenous CD8+ T cells that are capable of eradicating also distant tumors, whereas CD4+ T cells do not play a prominent role in the antibody-mediated tumor eradication.
Conclusions: Injecting CTLA-4 blocking antibody in a slow-release formulation close to the tumor is an effective way of activating the antitumor T-cell response. This administration method is associated with very low serum levels of antibody, which decreases the risk of treatment-induced side effects. These results call for exploration of a similar delivery principle in clinical settings. Clin Cancer Res; 19(19); 5381–9. ©2013 AACR.
The Role of Inflammatory Pathways in Cancer-Associated Cachexia and Radiation Resistance
Authors: Laine Aaron , Iyengar Puneeth , Pandita Tej K. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
Dysregulated inflammatory responses are key contributors to a multitude of chronic ailments, including cancer. Evidence indicates that disease progression in cancer is dependent on the complex interaction between the tumor and the host microenvironment. Most recently, the inflammatory response has been suggested to be critical, as both the tumor and microenvironment compartments produce cytokines that act on numerous target sites, where they foster a complex cascade of biologic outcomes. Patients with cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) suffer from a dramatic loss of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, ultimately precluding them from many forms of therapeutic intervention, including radiotherapy. The cytokines that have been linked to the promotion of the cachectic response may also participate in radiation resistance. The major changes at the cytokine level are, in part, due to transcriptional regulatory alterations possibly due to epigenetic modifications. Herein we discuss the role of inflammatory pathways in CAC and examine the potential link between cachexia induction and radiation resistance. Mol Cancer Res; 11(9); 967–72. ©2013 AACR.
Inducible
Apoe
Gene Repair in Hypomorphic ApoE Mice Deficient in the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Promotes Atheroma Stabilization with a Human-Like Lipoprotein Profile
Authors: Eberlé Delphine , Luk Fu Sang , Kim Roy Y. , Olivas Victor R. , Kumar Nikit , Posada Jessica M. , Li Kang , Gaudreault Nathalie , Rapp Joseph H. , Raffai Robert L. 
Published: June 2013

Objective—
To study atherosclerosis regression in mice after plasma lipid reduction to moderately elevated apolipoprotein B (apoB)–lipoprotein levels.

Approach and Results—

Chow-fed hypomorphic Apoe mice deficient in low-density lipoprotein receptor expression (
Apoe

h/h

Ldlr

–/–

Mx1-cre
mice) develop hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. These mice were studied before and after inducible cre-mediated
Apoe
gene repair. By 1 week, induced mice displayed a 2-fold reduction in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels and a decrease in the non–high-density lipoprotein:high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio from 87%:13% to 60%:40%. This halted atherosclerotic lesion growth and promoted macrophage loss and accumulation of thick collagen fibers for up to 8 weeks. Concomitantly, blood Ly-6C
high
monocytes were decreased by 2-fold but lesional macrophage apoptosis was unchanged. The expression of several genes involved in extracellular matrix remodeling and cell migration was changed in lesional macrophages 1 week after
Apoe
gene repair. However, mRNA levels of numerous genes involved in cholesterol efflux and inflammation were not significantly changed at this time point.

Conclusions—

Restoring apoE expression in
Apoe

h/h

Ldlr

–/–

Mx1-cre
mice resulted in lesion stabilization in the context of a human-like ratio of non–high-density lipoprotein:high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. Our data suggest that macrophage loss derived in part from reduced blood Ly-6C
high
monocytes levels and genetic reprogramming of lesional macrophages.
Ezekiel 29:3 and Its Ancient Near Eastern Context
Authors: Yoder Tyler R. 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The chief aim of this essay is to posit a well-known Mesopotamian royal and divine epithet, ušumgallu “great dragon,” as the source behind Ezekiel’s enigmatic description of Pharaoh in 29.3, hattannīn haggādôl, “the great dragon.” This relationship sheds new light and meaning on an old problem: why does Ezekiel refer to Pharaoh as a dragon? Rather than viewing this prophetic expression as a pejorative, the cognate evidence argues for the converse by rooting it in an enduring tradition of regal titles. Replicating Akkadian ušumgallu (Sumerian UŠUM.GAL) as efficiently as possible and drawing upon Israelite cosmological history (viz. Gen. 1.21a), Ezekiel feigned including Pharaoh within a venerable, long line of Mesopotamian kings and deities to receive this title. Instead, and as is characteristic of Ezekiel’s rhetoric, he upended the putative associations of the “great dragon,” thereby exposing its true subordinate position under the hegemony of YHWH.
Global Discourse, Local Practice: Female Circumcision and Inter-Generational Conflict in a Somali Diaspora Community
Authors: Abubakar Nasra 
Published: June 2013

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to contribute to ongoing efforts to eradicate the practice of female circumcision worldwide. To fully eliminate this practice we need to deeply understand the reasoning behind it. And so this work integrates global discussion and local practice, extending the dialogue about female circumcision beyond the realm of academics to include people for whom FC is a part of their daily lives. Through focus group sessions with members of the Somali diaspora in the US, I find a pronounced generational divide on opinions relating to FC, with the younger generation expressing adamant opposition to the practice. The views of the younger generation reflect a higher status for women of the Somali diaspora, which is borne out of a struggle with adjustment to a new culture.
Islam, the State, and the Law in Europe
Authors: Varon Ari 
Published: June 2013

The article presents the intricacies of an intra-Islamic debate within Europe today discussing multiple Islamic perspectives of religion, the state and the law. Analyzing the ideas of four contemporary European Muslim intellectuals the article reveals variations on how Muslims in Europe view the concept of secularism, the role of the state and the guidelines of Islamic religious practice. Through a comparative discourse analysis the article identities four distinct Islamic discourses that are compared and contrasted with each other and juxtaposed with European theory about religion, the state and the law.
As Muslims in Europe gradually overcome social cleavages and ethnic differences they at times challenge the secular nature and religious neutrality of Europe’s religious, cultural and humanist inheritance. Understanding the distinctions between the Islamic discourses elaborates the trends and ramifications the political mobilization Muslims living in Europe might have on the status quo definitions of European society; some Islamic discourses represent a direct confrontation to the construct secular identity; others suggest full integration into European society. All four are present in Europe today. Recognizing the differences between the Islamic discourses can rearrange the principles in which Europe perceives Islam while enlightening the politically sensitive and complex subject relating to the formation of an Islamic European identity.
A Network Model for Human Interoperability
Authors: Handley Holly A. H. 
Published: June 2013

Objective: The objective is to demonstrate how the Human View architecture can be used to define and evaluate the human interoperability capabilities of a net-centric system. Human interoperability strives to understand the types of system relationships that affect collaboration across networked environments. Background: The Human View was developed as an additional system architectural viewpoint to focus on the human component of a system by capturing data on human roles, tasks, constraints, interactions, and metrics. This framework can be used to collect and organize social system parameters to facilitate the way that humans interact across organizational boundaries. Method: By mapping the Human View elements to organizational relationships defined in the domain of network theory, a network model of the Human View can be developed. This representation can then be aligned with a Layers of Interoperability model for collaborative systems. The model extends traditional technical interoperability to include organizational aspects important for human interoperability. The resulting composite model can be used to evaluate the human interoperability capability of network-enabled systems. Results: An interagency response to a crisis situation is an example where increased levels of human interoperability can affect the effectiveness of the organizational interactions. The existing Human View products representing the interagency capabilities were evaluated using the network model to demonstrate how the social system variables can be identified and evaluated to improve the system design. Conclusion: By understanding and incorporating human interoperability requirements, the resulting system design can more effectively support collaborative tasks across technological environments to facilitate timely responses to events.