bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression prevention, labour force participation and income of older working aged Australians: A microsimulation economic analysis
Authors: Veerman J Lennert , Shrestha Rupendra N , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Passey Megan E , Kelly Simon J , Tanton Robert , Callander Emily J , Schofield Deborah J 
Published: November 2014

Objective: Depression has economic consequences not only for the health system, but also for individuals and society. This study aims to quantify the potential economic impact of five-yearly screening for sub-syndromal depression in general practice among Australians aged 45-64 years, followed by a group-based psychological intervention to prevent progression to depression. Method: We used an epidemiological simulation model to estimate reductions in prevalence of depression, and a microsimulation model, Health&WealthMOD2030, to estimate the impact on labour force participation, personal income, savings, taxation revenue and welfare expenditure. Results: Group therapy is estimated to prevent around 5,200 prevalent cases of depression (2.2%) and add about 520 people to the labour force. Private incomes are projected to increase by $19 million per year, tax revenues by $2.4 million, and transfer payments are reduced by $2.6 million. Conclusion: Group-based psychological intervention to prevent depression could result in considerable economic benefits in addition to its clinical effects.
The slow transformation of Swiss federal administrative elites
Authors: Emery Yves , Giauque David , Rebmann Frédéric 
Published: November 2014

This article sets out to study the profile of Swiss administrative elites at federal level by showing how their profile has evolved in the light of what has come to be known as the wave of New Public Management (NPM), which has benefited from a very fertile ground in Switzerland. These elites correspond to a specific institutional order, in relation to specific organizational structures and workings, and have specific characteristics in terms of career paths and academic background. However, the administrative reforms that have been rolled out since the 1980s have transformed the institutional order within which executives of the federal administration evolve. This article analyses the extent to which these transformations have had an impact on the characteristics of these elites, through indicators such as academic capital, social capital, and career path within and outside the administration. The results show a slow but significant transformation in the profiles of these elites towards an increasing managerialization, reflecting that of the context in which they evolve. Points for practitioners The relationship between politics and the administration is naturally shaped by individuals but is closely dependent on the profiles of the players. They are currently undergoing a transformation in the wake of administrative reforms, and also of the changing profiles of both the political and administrative players. Gaining an insight into the slow transformation of the profiles of administrative elites therefore sheds light on the political-administrative nexus. The gradual managerialization of the administrative elite highlighted in this article also allows for a better understanding of which professional experiences, qualifications and skills are valued today within the senior civil service in Switzerland.
Intracranial hemorrhage detection over time using susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Schelhorn Juliane , Gramsch Carolin , Deuschl Cornelius , Quick Harald H , Nensa Felix , Moenninghoff Christoph , Schlamann Marc 
Published: November 2014

Background The reliable detection of intracranial hemorrhages is important, but just 1 year after the hemorrhage onset it might be missed using T2-weighted spin-echo and gradient-echo sequences. Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a new magnetic resonance imaging sequence that is extremely sensitive in hemorrhage detection and that might improve the detection of hemorrhages over time. Purpose To investigate whether the detectability of intracranial blood and its degradation products is independent of the time span after intracranial hemorrhage using SWI. Material and Methods Sixty-six consecutive patients (28 men, 38 women) with definitely known time point of intracranial hemorrhage and available SWI sequence (1.5 or 3 T) were analyzed retrospectively. Twenty-one patients had a SWI follow-up. All SWI images were assessed by two radiologists in consensus regarding hemorrhage visibility using a 5-point scale. Statistical analysis was performed using Spearman’s correlation test. Results Median time interval between hemorrhage and first available SWI measurement was 819 days (range, 0 days to 13.2 years). Nine of 66 patients had an isolated subarachnoid hemorrhage (iSAH) and were therefore analyzed separately. In eight of these nine patients the hemorrhage could clearly be detected, the remaining one had minor iSAH. Spearman analysis showed no significant correlation between time span and visibility ( P = 0.660). In the remaining 57 patients (no iSAH) the hemorrhage was always visible achieving at least 3/5 points on the 5-point scale, and Spearman’s analysis revealed only a weak correlation between time span and visibility (r = 0.493, P < 0.001). Conclusion The detectability of blood and its degradation products using SWI is reliably possible over a long period after intracranial hemorrhage.
Improving Use of Medicines
Authors: Roy Vandana , Gupta Usha 
Published: November 2014

In 1994 the Government of Delhi (India) implemented an essential medicines policy in public health facilities (HF) to improve the availability and rational use of medicines (RUM). An essential medicines list (EML) was made. Training programmes in RUM were initiated. After 13 years the outcome of the policy on RUM within public HF was evaluated.  Policy implementation improved the availability of medicines to 91.4 per cent. Prescribing of medicines from EML increased (94.6 per cent) and antimicrobials declined (51.7 per cent). The number of patients with complete knowledge of how to take prescribed medicines improved (53.4 per cent). However, the use of generic medicines declined (18.1 per cent) and prescriptions were mostly incomplete (79.6 percent).  Majority of prescribers lacked awareness about the Drug Policy, including not having undergone training sessions on RUM. There were no Drugs and Therapeutic Committees within HF, and only a few doctors had information about medicines available within the HF. The most common sources of information for medicines were commercial published sources and medical representatives of pharmaceutical companies.  The regulatory intervention of enforcing an EML in public HF has been successful in increasing the use of medicines from the EML and improving some prescribing indicators. However, educational interventions have been inadequate and need to be combined and strengthened to improve the policy outcomes in RUM.
Venous thromboembolism: What pharmacists know? What do they need?
Authors: Rey Jean-Baptiste , Jovenin Nicolas , Kreit Pierre , Sicard Jérôme , Parent Damien , Hettler Dominique , Nguyen Philippe , Ducrocq Jean-Luc 
Published: November 2014

Introduction Venous thromboembolism is common in cancer. Low-molecular weight heparins are recommended for prolonged treatment (3–6 months or more if the cancer is active) and prevention of recurrence of venous thromboembolism in cancer. Community pharmacists are often faced with questions from patients. The main objective of this study was to describe the organization, practices and knowledge of pharmacists in care of venous thromboembolism in cancer patients. Methods A descriptive survey was conducted electronically in October and November 2013 with pharmacists in the Champagne-Ardenne region. The questionnaire collected data on the general organization of the pharmacy, management of outpatients with cancer and thrombosis, and the level of knowledge regarding recommendations on the management of thrombosis in patients with cancer. Results The participation rate was 31.6%. In 93% of cases, pharmacists had no particular expertise in oncology and/or supportive care. In addition, 96% did not know the existence of recommendations for “thrombosis in cancer.” Finally, 49% gave the correct answer to the case report (low-molecular weight heparins). Conclusion Training sessions on the management of venous thromboembolism in cancer are currently available to pharmacists in the region. A new assessment of knowledge will be performed at the end of the year 2014. This regional experience is now extended to a national level (all French regions).
Systematic review of perioperative outcomes following laparoscopic abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Authors: Rouhani Maral J , Thapar Ankur , Maruthappu Mahiben , Munster Alex B , Davies Alun H , Shalhoub Joseph 
Published: November 2014

Objective To collate information available in the literature regarding perioperative outcomes following elective laparoscopic abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Materials and methods Electronic databases were searched and a systematic review was performed. In total, 1256 abstracts were screened, from which 10 studies were included for analysis. Perioperative and technical outcomes were analysed. Results In the totally laparoscopic repair of infra-renal aneurysms ( n = 302), 30-day mortality ranged between 0% and 6% and in the laparoscopic-assisted cases ( n = 547) ranged between 0% and 7%. Of the former group, 5–30% of cases were converted to open repair, with 6% reintervention rate, whereas there was a 5–10% conversion and 3% reintervention rate in the latter group. Conclusions The outcomes from selected patients in selected centres demonstrate that elective laparoscopic repair of aortic aneurysms is feasible and comparable in safety to open repair; it remains unclear, however, whether there are substantial advantages of this method compared with open and endovascular repair.
Development of Severe Anemia and Changes in Hemoglobin in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Ugandan Adults Receiving Zidovudine-, Stavudine-, and Tenofovir-Containing Antiretroviral Regimens
Authors: Parkes-Ratanshi Rosalind , Katende David , Levin Jonathan , Wakeham Katie , Heiner Grosskurth , Kamali Anatoli , Lalloo David G. 
Published: November 2014

Introduction: Anemia is a common problem in HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. We describe the contribution of antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen to the incidence of anemia and changes in hemoglobin (Hb) in HIV-infected patients in Uganda. Methods: This study was nested in a prevention of cryptococcal disease trial (CRYPTOPRO; ISCRTN7648152). Patients received 3 different backbones of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor in a nonrandomized manner. Results: Of the 852 patients (161 on zidovudine [ZDV], 628 on stavudine [d4T], and 63 on tenofovir [TDF]; all received lamuvidine), the risk of developing grade 4 anemia was higher (adjusted hazard ratio 2.7) for those receiving ZDV than those receiving d4T. Those receivingd4T had a higher average increase in Hb than those receiving ZDV ( P = .024) or TDF ( P = .014). Conclusion: In this observational study, ZDV was associated with severe anemia compared to d4T or TDF; those receiving ZDV and TDF had smaller increases in Hb after ART initiation. We encourage publication of data on cohorts using TDF from Africa.
Using PhenX toolkit measures and other tools to assess urban/rural differences in health behaviors: recruitment methods and outcomes
Authors: Hitz Michael M , Conway Pat G , Palcher Jeanette A , McCarty Catherine A 
Published: November 2014

Abstract

Background
The overall study was designed to examine how vacation behavior affects rural and urban Minnesotans and North Dakotans. The purpose of this substudy was to describe the method for sampling, follow-up and response rate by gender and urban/rural location to help inform future studies in this population.

Methods
Essentia health primary care patients (n = 1344) were sent a 21-page self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions on demographics, work history, perceived stress, work productivity, depression and mania screeners, tobacco use, dietary information, vacation habits, and technology use. Participants were offered $10 to complete the questionnaire.

Results
The overall response to the three mailings to 1344 adults aged 25–64 was 38.8% for a final sample size of 522 completed surveys. Despite the oversampling of males, the total number of responses from males was lower than for females. The response rates between urban and rural locations were nearly identical for the males (33.3% and 33.0% respectively) but higher for rural females than urban females (47.2% and 42.6% respectively). Seventy-eight percent were currently employed. Sixty-nine percent of the participants reported being married, 5.4% were living with a partner, 14% were divorced widowed or separated and 11% were never married. Forty-seven percent of our population had an associate degree or some college, 29% had a Bachelor’s degree or higher, 17% had their diploma or equivalent and 2% had not completed high school.

Conclusions
The goal of the sampling frame and recruitment strategy for this study was to assemble a cohort of approximately 1000 working adults, represented equally by age, gender and rural location. We ended up with a smaller cohort than desired. The law of diminishing returns was observed, although the third mailing was more effective for men than women.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Growth properties of Green-Sch potentials at infinity
Authors: Zhao Tao , Yamada Alexander 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThis paper gives growth properties of Green-Sch potentials at infinity in a cone, which generalizes results obtained by Qiao-Deng. The proof is based on the fact that the estimations of Green-Sch potentials with measures are connected with a kind of densities of the measures modified by the measures.MSC: 35J10, 35J25.
Projection-embedded BYY learning algorithm for Gaussian mixture-based clustering
Authors: Chen Guangyong , Heng Pheng-Ann , Xu Lei 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
On learning the Gaussian mixture model, existing BYY learning algorithms are featured by a gradient-based line search with an appropriate stepsize. Learning becomes either unstable if the stepsize is too large or slow and gets stuck in a local optimal solution if the stepsize is too small. An algorithm without a learning stepsize has been proposed with expectation-maximization (EM) like two alternative steps. However, its learning process may still be unstable. This paper tackles this problem of unreliability by a modified algorithm called projection-embedded Bayesian Ying-Yang learning algorithm (pBYY). Experiments have shown that pBYY outperforms learning algorithms developed from not only minimum message length with Jeffreys prior (MML-Jef) and Variational Bayesian with Dirichlet-Normal-Wishart (VB-DNW) prior but also BYY with these priors (BYY-Jef and BYY-DNW). pBYY obtains the superiority with an easy implementation, while DNW prior-based learning algorithms suffer a complicated and tedious computation load. The performance of pBYY has also been demonstrated on the Berkeley Segmentation Dataset for the topic of unsupervised image segmentation. The resulted performances of semantic image segmentation have shown that pBYY outperforms not only MML-Jef, VB-DNW, BYY-Jef, and BYY-DNW but also three leading image segmentation algorithms, namely gPb-owt-ucm, MN-Cut, and mean shift.
End-of-life care perspectives of patients and health professionals in an Indian health-care setting
Authors: Chacko Ranjitha , Anand Jasmin Ruby , Rajan Amala , John Subhashini , Jeyaseelan Vishalakshi 
Published: November 2014

Aim:This descriptive study set out to explore the end-of-life care perspectives both of patients with advanced carcinoma and of health-care professionals in a tertiary health-care setting in India.Method:A descriptive approach was undertaken to assess the end-of-life care perspectives from a sample of 140 patients and 40 health-care professionals. Data was collected through structured interviews with the patients and by self-administered questionnaire from the health-care professionals.Results:There was a significant association in attitudes to artificial prolongation of life with age and religion. Patients placed a higher degree of importance on emotional, social, physical and spiritual dimensions of care compared to the health-care professionals.Conclusion:There is an urgent call for formulating an end-of-life care policy and advance directives for patients with terminal illness in India. Nurses and physicians should be proactive in offering key supportive services to ensure patient autonomy and facilitate good death.
Electrochemical techniques for estimating the degree of sensitization in austenitic stainless steels
Authors: Parvathavarthini Natarajan , Mudali Uthandi Kamachi 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe thermal exposure of austenitic stainless steels in the temperature range of 500°C–800°C results in the precipitation of chromium-rich M23C6 carbides along the grain boundaries and concomitant chromium depletion. When chromium level falls below 12% at such depleted zones, the material is said to be sensitized. When the sensitized material is exposed to corrosive media, intergranular corrosion (IGC) and intergranular stress corrosion cracking take place. ASTM standard A262-13 is available for detecting the susceptibility to IGC. However, the extent of chromium depletion of shop-fabricated or field-constructed components is required to determine the presence or absence of sensitization for critical applications. In this review, various electrochemical techniques that can be employed to assess the degree of sensitization (DOS) in austenitic stainless steels are critically reviewed. Techniques such as electrochemical potentiokinetic and potentiostatic reactivation with recent modifications for the accurate estimation of the DOS are analyzed. The possibility of using AC impedance technique and electrochemical noise technique for assessing the DOS is also presented. The merits and demerits of each technique and areas where further research should be focused are presented in this review.
Study on Carbide in Forged and Annealed H13 Hot Work Die Steel
Authors: Li Ji , Li Jing , Wang Liangliang , Li Longfei 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe present work studied the carbides in forged and annealed H13 hot work die steel. The carbides were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) and analyzed with quantitative chemical analysis method. The carbide types, qualities and compositions in dependence on temperatures were thermodynamically calculated by Thermo-Calc software and compared with the experimental results. In the final, methods for carbide improvement were discussed. The results are as follows. The primary carbides and the carbide segregation are improved after the hot-forging operation. The carbides in the hot-forged and annealed H13 steel are M
Maya Angelou: A Trickster’s Tale
Authors: Cogeanu Oana 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Maya Angelou’s travelogue All God’s Children Need Traveling Shoes (1986) has been read as a quintessential (African-)American story of self-discovery, with critics celebrating Angelou’s ability to find her own identity within or against prescriptive images of womanhood and blackness. This article argues, quite the contrary, that Maya’s ‘success story’ is due to a constant deferral of identification, which results from a reluctance to fully identify with any image imposed from without or within and thus to become complicit in one’s (self-)containment. To highlight the method and results of Maya’s self-deferral, this article focuses on a central episode in the travelogue reporting an acting trip to Berlin where Maya jokingly sets the stage for a confrontation of the Black, the White, and the Jew. The article describes Maya’s behavior as an act of trickstery, in the sense conceptualized by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. based on African-American folklore, and further uses the trickster episode to illustrate, as well as to challenge, Gates’ theory of signifyin(g) as accounting for the discrete black difference of African-American literature.
‘The Saving Power of Hallucination’: Elizabeth Bowen’s “Mysterious Kôr” and Female Romance
Authors: Lojo-Rodríguez Laura 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
This article discusses Elizabeth Bowen’s appropriation of a traditionally male-addressed literary genre, namely, of what Elaine Showalter has termed “male romance,” which Bowen radically reformulates in order to foreground the complexity of female subjectivity and sexuality against a backdrop of war. In her short story “Mysterious Kôr” (1945), Bowen both draws and departs from Henry Rider Haggard’s prototypical male romance She: A History of Adventure (1887) not only by intertextually incorporating Haggard’s literary landscape in her story, but also by inserting contemporary assessments of Haggard’s novel – most notably those of his friend and admirer Andrew Lang in his sonnet “She” (1888). Like Haggard and Lang, Bowen produced “Mysterious Kôr” in years marked by a profound sense of crisis and disenchantment which, in Bowen’s case, was enhanced by the horrors of the Blitz War in London. Haggard, Lang, and Bowen articulate their respective narratives as a literary response to such disenchantment, shaped as a quest-myth of ‘re-enchantment’ which departs from a civilization on the verge of collapse to a mythical destination. However, Bowen is also careful in articulating difference from Haggard’s male narrative and Lang’s appreciation of it: Departing from many of these writers’ literary motifs, Bowen produces a female version of an imaginative escape which entails a woman’s experience of war, and her mental strategies to preserve sanity.
Paleocene wind-dispersed fruits and seeds from Colombia and their implications for early Neotropical rainforests
Authors: Herrera Fabiany , Manchester Steven R. , Carvalho Mónica R. , Jaramillo Carlos , Wing Scott L. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract Extant Neotropical rainforests are well known for their remarkable diversity of fruit and seed types. Biotic agents disperse most of these disseminules, whereas wind dispersal is less common. Although wind-dispersed fruits and seeds are greatly overshadowed in closed rainforests, many important families in the Neotropics (e.g., Bignoniaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Orchidaceae, Sapindaceae) show numerous morphological adaptations for anemochory (i.e. wings, accessory hairs). Most of these living groups have high to moderate levels of plant diversity in the upper levels of the canopy. Little is known about the fossil record of wind-dispersed fruits and seeds in the Neotropics. Six new species of disseminules with varied adaptations for wind dispersal are documented here. These fossils, representing extinct genera of Ulmaceae, Malvaceae, and some uncertain families, indicate that wind-dispersed fruit and seed syndromes were already common in the Neotropics by the Paleocene, coinciding with the early development of multistratal rainforests. Although the major families known to include most of the wind-dispersed disseminules in extant rainforests are still missing from the Paleogene fossil record of South and Central America, the new fossils imply that anemochory was a relatively important product and/or mechanism of plant evolution and diversification in early Neotropical rainforests.