bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alteration of volcaniclastic deposits at Minna Bluff: Geochemical insights on mineralizing environment and climate during the Late Miocene in Antarctica
Authors: Antibus Joanne V. , Panter Kurt S. , Wilch Thomas I. , Dunbar Nelia , McIntosh William , Tripati Aradhna , Bindeman Ilya , Blusztajn Jerzy 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSecondary minerals in volcaniclastic deposits at Minna Bluff, a 45 km long peninsula in the Ross Sea, are used to infer processes of alteration and environmental conditions in the Late Miocene. Glassy volcaniclastic deposits are altered and contain phillipsite and chabazite, low to high‐Mg carbonates, chalcedony, and clay. The δ18O of carbonates and chalcedony is variable, ranging from −0.50 to 21.53‰ and 0.68 to 10.37‰, respectively, and δD for chalcedony is light (−187.8 to −220.6‰), corresponding to Antarctic meteoric water. A mean carbonate 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70327 ± 0.0009 (1σ, n = 12) is comparable to lava and suggests freshwater, as opposed to seawater, caused the alteration. Minerals were precipitated at elevated temperatures (91 and 104°C) based on quartz‐calcite equilibrium, carbonate 13C‐18C thermometry (Δ47 derived temperature = 5° to 43°C) and stability of zeolites in geothermal systems (>10 to ∼100°C). The alteration was a result of isolated, ephemeral events involving the exchange between heated meteoric water and glass during or soon after the formation of each deposit. Near‐surface evaporative distillation can explain 18O‐enriched compositions for some Mg‐rich carbonates and chalcedony. The δ18Owater calculated for carbonates (−15.8 to −22.9‰) reveals a broad change, becoming heavier between ∼12 and ∼7 Ma, consistent with a warming climate. These findings are independently corroborated by the interpretation of Late Miocene sedimentary sequences recovered from nearby sediment cores. However, in contrast to a cold‐based thermal regime proposed for ice flow at core sites, wet‐based conditions prevailed at Minna Bluff; a likely consequence of high heat flow associated with an active magma system.
Predicting the cloud patterns of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation through a low‐order nonlinear stochastic model
Authors: Chen N. , Majda A. J. , Giannakis D. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractWe assess the limits of predictability of the large‐scale cloud patterns in the boreal winter Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) as measured through outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) alone, a proxy for convective activity. A recent advanced nonlinear time series technique, nonlinear Laplacian spectral analysis, is applied to the OLR data to define two spatial modes with high intermittency associated with the boreal winter MJO. A recent data‐driven physics‐constrained low‐order stochastic modeling procedure is applied to these time series. The result is a four‐dimensional nonlinear stochastic model for the two observed OLR variables and two hidden variables involving correlated multiplicative noise defined through energy‐conserving nonlinear interaction. Systematic calibration and prediction experiments show the skillful prediction by these models for 40, 25, and 18 days in strong, moderate, and weak MJO winters, respectively. Furthermore, the ensemble spread is an accurate indicator of forecast uncertainty at long lead times.
Stress‐induced spatiotemporal variations in anisotropic structures beneath Hakone volcano, Japan, detected by S wave splitting: A tool for volcanic activity monitoring
Authors: Honda Ryou , Yukutake Yohei , Yoshida Akio , Harada Masatake , Miyaoka Kazuki , Satomura Mikio 
Published: July 2014

AbstractHakone volcano, located at the northern tip of the Izu‐Mariana volcanic arc, Japan, has a large caldera structure containing numerous volcanic hot springs. Earthquake swarms have occurred repeatedly within the caldera. The largest seismic swarm since the commencement of modern seismic observations (in 1968) occurred in 2001. We investigated the anisotropic structure of Hakone volcano based on S wave splitting analysis and found spatiotemporal changes in the splitting parameters accompanying the seismic swarm activity. Depth‐dependent anisotropic structures are clearly observed. A highly anisotropic layer with a thickness of ~1.5 km is located beneath the Koziri (KZR) and Kozukayama (KZY) stations. The anisotropic intensity in the region reaches a maximum of 6–7% at a depth of 1 km and decreases markedly to less than 1% at a depth of 2 km. The anisotropic intensity beneath Komagatake station (KOM) decreases gradually from a maximum of 6% at the surface to 0% at a depth of 5 km but is still greater than 2.5% at a depth of 3 km. At KZY, the anisotropic intensity along a travel path of which the back azimuth was the south decreased noticeably after the 2001 seismic swarm activity. During the swarm activity, tilt meters and GPS recorded the crustal deformation. The observed decrease in anisotropic intensity is presumed to be caused by the closing of microcracks by stress changes accompanying crustal deformation near the travel path.
Investigating the aerosol optical and radiative characteristics of heavy haze episodes in Beijing during January of 2013
Authors: Bi Jianrong , Huang Jianping , Hu Zhiyuan , Holben B. N. , Guo Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSeveral heavy atmospheric haze pollution episodes occurred over eastern and northern China during January of 2013. The pollution covered more than 100 km2 and caused serious impacts on environmental quality, human health, and transportation. In this study, we characterize aerosol microphysical, optical, and radiative characteristics using a combination of ground‐based Sun/sky radiometer retrievals and a radiative transfer model. Our results show that during about half of the total number of days, daily PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are larger than 100 µg/m3, with maxima of 462 and 433 µg/m3, respectively, during the haze events. Fine‐mode (PM2.5) particles dominated the aerosol size during the episodes. The volume size distribution and median radius of fine‐mode particles generally increase as aerosol optical depth at 440 nm (AOD440) increases. The median effective radius of fine‐mode particles increases from 0.15 µm at low AOD value (AOD440 ~ 0.3) to a radius of 0.25–0.30 µm at high AOD value (AOD440 ≥ 1.0). The daily mean single‐scattering albedo (SSA), imaginary part of refractive index (RI), and asymmetry factor display pronounced spectral behaviors. The overall mean SSA440 and SSA675 are 0.892 and 0.905, respectively. The corresponding RI440 and RI675 are 0.016 and 0.011, respectively. This indicates that a significant amount of absorption occurred under the haze event in Beijing during January 2013. Approximately half of the incident solar radiation energy went into heating the atmosphere as a result of strong aerosol loading and absorption. The daily averaged heating rate in the haze particle layer (0–3.2 km) varies from 0.12 to 0.81 K/day in Beijing, which might exert profound impact on the atmospheric thermodynamic and dynamical structures and cloud development, which should be further studied.
An Aluminum Triflate‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Reaction Sequence Toward Concise Construction of the Tetrahydropyrido[1,2‐a]indol‐6‐one Skeleton
Authors: Wang Jun‐Jiao , Zhou An‐Xi , Wang Gang‐Wei , Yang Shang‐Dong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn aluminum triflate‐catalyzed intramolecular reaction sequence involving protonation and Mannich‐like nucleophilic addition of indoles toward the concise construction of the tetrahydropyrido[1,2‐a]indol‐6‐one skeleton is reported. This new reaction pattern employs a carbon atom as nucleophile to form a CC bond which bears one or even two quaternary carbons and leads to the dearomatization of indoles with high atom economy.magnified image
Catalytic Asymmetric Torgov Cyclization: A Concise Total Synthesis of (+)‐Estrone
Authors: Prévost Sébastien , Dupré Nathalie , Leutzsch Markus , Wang Qinggang , Wakchaure Vijay , List Benjamin 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAn asymmetric Torgov cyclization, catalyzed by a novel, highly Brønsted acidic dinitro‐substituted disulfonimide, is described. The reaction delivers the Torgov diene and various analogues with excellent yields and enantioselectivity. This method was applied in a very short synthesis of (+)‐estrone.
Water‐soluble allyl and diallyl camphor sulfonamides‐based polyacrylamide copolymers for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Gou Shaohua , Yin Ting , Ye Zhongbin , Jiang Wenchao , Yang Cheng , Xia Qiang , Wu Mingfang 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTThe monomers N‐allyl camphor sulfonamide (CSAP) and N,N‐diallyl camphor sulfonamide (CSDAP) were copolymerized with acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA) for EOR, respectively. The effect of the synthesis conditions on apparent viscosity was investigated, and the copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Increasing mass ratio of diallyl CSDAP could lead to the water‐insoluble of copolymer, and competition of free radicals could make polymerization of AM/AA/CSDAP more difficult than AM/AA/CSAP. The thickening function and temperature resistance of two copolymers were remarkably improved in comparison with similar molecular weight partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM). In addition, the pronounced temperature resistance of the copolymers has been also demonstrated by temperature resistance test. It has also found that copolymers AM/AA/CSAP and AM/AA/CSDAP brine solutions could obtain significant enhanced oil recovery at 70°C suggesting their potential being applied in chemical enhanced oil recovery. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41238.
Effect of difunctional acids on the physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of polyester polyol‐based polyurethane coatings
Authors: Xu Wen , Zhou Lipan , Sun Weifu , Zhang Junrui , Tu Weiping 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTPolyester polyol (PP)‐based polyurethanes (PUs) consisting of two difunctional acids [1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (CHDA) and 1,6‐adipic acid (AA)] and also two diols [1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) and 1,6‐hexanediol (HDO)] were synthesized by a two‐step procedure with a variable feed ratio of CHDA to AA but fixed ratio of CHDM and HDO. The prepared PPs and/or PUs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The effects of difunctional acids on the thermal, mechanical, and dynamic mechanical thermal properties of PPs or PU films were investigated by thermogravimetry analysis, differential thermogravimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The results show that PP exhibits a lowest viscosity with the mole fraction of CHDA and AA at 3 : 7 whereas it delivers a lowest melting point with the mole fraction at 9 : 1. After PPs being cross‐linked by isocyanate trimers, the impact resistance, shear strength and glass transition temperature increase the mixed‐acid formulations with increasing the content of CHDA. In detail, the resultant PU almost simultaneously exhibits the best mechanical and thermal properties when the mole fraction of CHDA and AA is kept constant at 9 : 1, thus giving rise to a high glass transition temperature of 56.4°C and a onset decomposition temperature of 350°C, and also delivering a balanced toughness and hardness with an impact resistance of 100 J/g and storage modulus as high as 109 Pa. This path for synthesis of PP‐based PU provides a design tool for high performance polymer coatings. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41246.
Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, established in Scotland
Authors: Smith I. Philip , Guy Claire , Donnan David 
Published: July 2014

Abstract

A report to Scottish Natural Heritage on European flat oysters, Ostrea edulis, surviving in the Firth of Forth was investigated. No live O. edulis were found, but eight feral Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, were found attached to eulittoral boulders and bedrock.
The ages of the Pacific oysters indicated an initial settlement no later than 2007 and at least two subsequent settlements, which may have been from recruitment in situ, or from repeated introductions of larvae.
The mode of introduction is unknown. There is no current aquaculture of Pacific oysters anywhere on the east coast of Scotland, but there were attempts at cultivation in the Firth of Forth which ceased more than 20 years ago. In addition, the Firth is a busy port complex and popular recreational boating area, so larvae may have been released in ballast water or have been produced by adults attached to a vessel's hull.
This is the first detailed account of adult C. gigas established on natural substrata in Scotland and raises issues in relation to biosecurity and the implementation of environmental legislation and commitments.
Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient Noble‐Metal‐Free γ‐Fe2O3@NiO Core–Shell Nanostructured Photocatalysts for Water Oxidation
Authors: Du Xiaoqiang , Wei Jie , Zhao Jinli , Han Ruixin , Ding Yong 
Published: July 2014

AbstractFlowerlike noble‐metal‐free γ‐Fe2O3@NiO core–shell hierarchical nanostructures have been fabricated and examined as a catalyst in the photocatalytic oxidation of water with [Ru(bpy)3](ClO4)2 as a photosensitizer and Na2S2O8 as a sacrificial electron acceptor. An apparent TOF of 0.29 μmols−1 m−2 and oxygen yield of 51 % were obtained with γ‐Fe2O3@NiO. The γ‐Fe2O3@NiO core–shell hierarchical nanostructures could be easily separated from the reaction solution whilst maintaining excellent water‐oxidation activity in the fourth and fifth runs. The surface conditions of γ‐Fe2O3@NiO also remained unchanged after the photocatalytic reaction, as confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Smooth Output Reconstruction for Linear Systems with Quantized Measurements
Authors: Zhu Hongzhong , Sugie Toshiharu , Fujimoto Hiroshi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach to reconstruct the output of linear systems in the case where the measured output is uniformly quantized. By fitting the quantized measurements with polynomials in a moving horizon manner, a smooth signal is reconstructed by solving a convex optimization problem with ℓ1‐norm regularization. The quantization feature and the system models are taken into account in the optimization. A numerical example is given to show the excellent reconstruction performance of the proposed method. In addition, the proposed method is implemented in a high‐precision linear stage through DSP, and its effectiveness is verified through experiments using a real positioning system.
Chaotic Analysis and Control of Longitudinal Flight Dynamics
Authors: Su Lei , Yao Hong , Du Jun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractAircraft are considered to be sub‐stable within the flight envelope. This paper presents a chaotic analysis and two kinds of corresponding control methods of aircraft longitudinal flight dynamics. First, the chaotic behavior of the open loop longitudinal flight system is confirmed by the Poincaré section and the Lyapunov exponent. Studies have found that the flight envelope can be divided into a stable area and a sub‐stable area. The probability of instability caused by chaos exists in the sub‐stable area. The definition of the chaotic boundary is also given. Second, based on the chaotic analysis results and considering three different combinations of aircraft mass and elevator deflection, a linear feedback control (LFC) method is implemented to stabilize the chaotic boundary and enlarge the stable area. Third, taking system uncertainties into consideration, an adaptive backstepping sliding mode control (AB‐SMC) method is applied to the trajectory tracking problem of aircraft longitudinal motion, which is based on classic SMC, backstepping and dynamic surface methods. The numerical simulations are given, which can demonstrate the applicability of the proposed control methods.
A unique noninvasive approach to monitoring dissolved O2 and CO2 in cell culture
Authors: Chatterjee Madhubanti , Ge Xudong , Uplekar Shaunak , Kostov Yordan , Croucher Leah , Pilli Manohar , Rao Govind 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough online monitoring of dissolved oxygen (DO) and carbon dioxide (DCO2) is highly desirable in bioprocesses, small‐scale bioreactors are usually not monitored due to the lack of suitable sensors. Traditional electrochemical sensors are usually not used because they are bulky and invasive. Disposable optical sensors are small and only partially invasive, but there are concerns regarding the toxicity of the patch and the phototoxicity of the illuminating light. Here we present a novel, noninvasive, rate‐based technique for monitoring DO and DCO2 in cell cultures. A silicone sampling loop which allowed the diffusion of O2 and CO2 through its wall was inserted inside a bioreactor, and then flushed with N2 until the CO2 and O2 inside the loop were completely removed. The gas inside the loop was then allowed to recirculate through gas impermeable tubing to the O2 and CO2 sensors. We have shown that by measuring the initial diffusion rate we were able to determine the partial pressures of the two gases in the culture. The technique could be readily automated and measurements could be made in minutes. It was tested in demonstration experiments by growing murine hybridoma cells in a T‐flask and a spinner‐flask at 37°C. The results were comparable to those measured with commercially available fluorescence‐based patch sensors. These results show that the rate‐based method is an effective way to monitor small‐scale cell cultures. This measurement mechanism can be easily built into disposable cell culture vessels for facile use. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 104–110. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adaptation of Tri‐molecular fluorescence complementation allows assaying of regulatory Csr RNA‐protein interactions in bacteria
Authors: Gelderman Grant , Sivakumar Anusha , Lipp Sarah , Contreras Lydia 
Published: July 2014

ABSTRACTsRNAs play a significant role in controlling and regulating cellular metabolism. One of the more interesting aspects of certain sRNAs is their ability to make global changes in the cell by interacting with regulatory proteins. In this work, we demonstrate the use of an in vivo Tri‐molecular Fluorescence Complementation assay to detect and visualize the central regulatory sRNA–protein interaction of the Carbon Storage Regulatory system in E. coli. The Carbon Storage Regulator consists primarily of an RNA binding protein, CsrA, that alters the activity of mRNA targets and of an sRNA, CsrB, that modulates the activity of CsrA. We describe the construction of a fluorescence complementation system that detects the interactions between CsrB and CsrA. Additionally, we demonstrate that the intensity of the fluorescence of this system is able to detect changes in the affinity of the CsrB–CsrA interaction, as caused by mutations in the protein sequence of CsrA. While previous methods have adopted this technique to study mRNA or RNA localization, this is the first attempt to use this technique to study the sRNA–protein interaction directly in bacteria. This method presents a potentially powerful tool to study complex bacterial RNA protein interactions in vivo. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 365–375. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Significant Enhancement of hPrx1 Chaperone Activity through Lysine Acetylation
Authors: Pan Yanchao , Jin Jing‐Hua , Yu Yang , Wang Jiangyun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe reversible acetylation of proteins plays a key role in regulating biological processes, including chromatin remodeling, progression of the cell cycle, and actin nucleation. Human peroxiredoxin 1(hPrx1), one of the most abundant proteins in the cytoplasm, has been shown to be acetylated in human liver‐carcinoma tissues. However, little is known about what function(s) the acetylation serves for hPrx1. Herein, using the method of genetic code expansion, we incorporated Nε‐acetyllysine (AcK) site‐specifically into hPrx1. Our data showed that acetylation the K27 residue promotes oligomerization of hPrx1 at low concentrations. In addition, K27‐acetylated hPrx1(hPrx1‐AcK27) exhibited greatly enhanced chaperone activity (e.g. protecting the protein malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from thermally induced aggregation and assisting the refolding of denatured citrate synthase (CS)). These findings suggest that the site‐specific acetylation of hPrx1 may change its biological role in response to environmental changes.
RIG‐I knockdown impedes neurogenesis in a murine model of Japanese encephalitis
Authors: Mukherjee Sriparna , Ghosh Sourish , Nazmi Arshed , Basu Anirban 
Published: July 2014

AbstractRetinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG‐I) is a well established pattern recognition receptor (PRR) in neurons infected with Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) as reported previously from our laboratory. Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus infection in brain has been shown to decrease the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) which has its implications in neurological sequelae in JE survivors. We have found that ablation of RIG‐I both in vivo and in vitro models results in significant decrease in NSPC proliferation post JEV infection. We hypothesize that knockdown of RIG‐I diminishes the expression of antiviral molecules resulting in an increase in viral replication, which in turn results in enhancement of the expression of cell cycle inhibitors, hence affecting the proliferation of NSPCs.
Knockdown of CUG‐binding protein 1 induces apoptosis of human laryngeal cancer cells
Authors: Zhou Yi , Ma Hongzhi , Fang Jugao , Lian Meng , Feng Ling , Wang Ru 
Published: July 2014

AbstractTo investigate the role of CUG‐binding protein 1 (CUGBP1) in human laryngeal cancer, we employed lentivirus‐mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) to knockdown CUGBP1 expression in Hep‐2 cells. Depletion of CUGBP1 remarkably inhibited the proliferation of Hep‐2 cells. CUGBP1 knockdown induced cell cycle arrest in S phase, especially in the sub‐G1 phase, representing apoptotic cells. Knockdown of CUGBP1 in Hep‐2 cells markedly increased the expression of LIP and cleavage of PARP, which could contribute to apoptosis. Thus CUGBP1 has a critical role in modulating cell growth and apoptosis, and serves as a potential therapeutic target in laryngeal cancer.
Bubble Formation at Variously Inclined Nozzles
Authors: Scargiali Francesca , Busciglio Antonio , Grisafi Franco , Brucato Alberto 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBubble formation at variously inclined submerged nozzles, fed with a continuous gas flow rate, is investigated. The average liquid velocity induced by bubble motion is determined, leading to a simple correlation for estimation of the liquid velocities induced by the repeated passage of bubbles. An effective model for the prediction of bubble sizes at their detachment from vertical nozzle orifices is presented which encompasses a bound expansion stage, followed by an accelerated expansion phase, and ends by an original bubble detachment criterion. The existence of a liquid‐phase effective entrainment velocity, generated by the continuous passage of the bubble stream, is quantified and included in the model. Model predictions are found to correlate well with experimental and literature data.