bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A ghost moth olfactory prototype of the lepidopteran sex communication
Authors: Tang Rui , Huang Cong , Yang Jun , Rao Zhong-Chen , Cao Li , Bai Peng-Hua , Zhao Xin-Cheng , Dong Jun-Feng , Yan Xi-Zhong , Wan Fang-Hao , Jiang Nan-Ji , Han Ri-Chou 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Sex role differentiation is a widespread phenomenon. Sex pheromones are often associated with sex roles and convey sex-specific information. In Lepidoptera, females release sex pheromones to attract males, which evolve sophisticated olfactory structures to relay pheromone signals. However, in some primitive moths, sex role differentiation becomes diverged. Here, we introduce the chromosome-level genome assembly from ancestral Himalaya ghost moths, revealing a unique olfactory evolution pattern and sex role parity among Lepidoptera. These olfactory structures of the ghost moths are characterized by a dense population of trichoid sensilla, both larger male and female antennal entry parts of brains, compared to the evolutionary later Lepidoptera. Furthermore, a unique tandem of 34 odorant receptor 19 homologs in Thitarodes xiaojinensis (TxiaOr19) has been identified, which presents overlapped motifs with pheromone receptors (PRs). Interestingly, the expanded TxiaOr19 was predicted to have unconventional tuning patterns compared to canonical PRs, with nonsexual dimorphic olfactory neuropils discovered, which contributes to the observed equal sex roles in Thitarodes adults. Additionally, transposable element activity bursts have provided traceable loci landscapes where parallel diversifications occurred between TxiaOr19 and PRs, indicating that the Or19 homolog expansions were diversified to PRs during evolution and thus established the classic sex roles in higher moths. This study elucidates an olfactory prototype of intermediate sex communication from Himalaya ghost moths.
Playing Regulatory Catch-up? – The Relevance of EDPB Guidelines 2/2023 on the Technical Scope of Art. 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive
Authors: Idelberger Florian 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Recently, the European Data Protection Board (the EDPB) released new guidelines on the technical scope of Art. 5(3) of the ePrivacy Directive (the ePD) and held its consultation procedure. These guidelines aim to clarify the scope and details of Art. 5(3), specifically what ‘the storing of information, or to gain access to information stored in the terminal equipment of a subscriber or user’ means on a technical level. This opinion describes the circumstances under which such information may be stored or accessed.
In this contribution I pose the hypothesis that the broadening of the published guidelines is at least in part necessary to prevent the ePD from becoming irrelevant, if only non-covered techniques are to be used. In this opinion, I will first discuss the background of the ePD, provide context for the guidelines and their structure, and then follow and comment on the respective parts of the analysed phrase alongside the analysis of the EDPB. In the end, I will conclude and check if all the latest developments are likely to be caught by the new interpretation according to the technical guidelines, and what this could mean for legal practice.
(311) REVITALIZING VASCULOGENIC ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION MANAGEMENT: A MULTICENTER STUDY INVESTIGATING THE EFFICACY OF LOW-INTENSITY SHOCKWAVE THERAPY IN NONRESPONSIVE PDE5 INHIBITOR PATIENTS
Authors: Palmieri Prof Alessandro , Marino Dr Claudio , Giordano Dr Alessandro , D'Alterio Dr Carlo , Palumbo Dr Fabrizio , Zimarra Dr Assunta , Sansone Dr Catello , Capece Dr Marco 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This multicenter single-arm clinical trial aimed to explore the effectiveness and safety of combining Li-ESWT with PDE5-i in vasculogenic ED patients who did not respond to conventional oral treatments.

Methods
A cohort of nonresponsive PDE5-i patients underwent Li-ESWT, consisting of 3000 shockwaves at 0.25 mJ/mm2 and 4–6 Hz frequency, administered twice weekly for 3 weeks. Outcome measures included International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) scores, Erection Hardness Score (EHS), Sexual Quality of Life-Male (SQOL-M) questionnaires, and penile doppler ultrasound (PDU) results.

Results
Of the 109 participants, 106 (97.2%) completed the treatment and follow-up. Post-Li-ESWT, the mean IIEF-EF score significantly increased (13.47 ± 4.61 vs. 22.07 ± 5.27; p &lt; 0.0001), with 70.7% experiencing clinically significant improvement. Additionally, 67.9% achieved an EHS score ≥ 3, indicating readiness for intercourse, and 34.9% reported a full rigid penis (EHS = 4). Li-ESWT notably enhanced quality of life (SQOL-M: 45.56 ± 8.00 vs. 55.31 ± 9.56; p &lt; 0.0001) and improved penile hemodynamics, as evidenced by increased mean peak systolic velocity (PSV) and decreased mean end-diastolic velocity (EDV) in PDU (p &lt; 0.0001).

Conclusions
The integration of Low-Intensity Shockwave Therapy with Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors emerges as a promising and secure treatment avenue for vasculogenic ED patients resistant to initial oral therapies. This approach not only augments erectile function but also enhances overall quality of life, offering a renewed hope for those grappling with vasculogenic ED challenges.

Conflicts of Interest
We, the undersigned authors, declare that there are no financial or personal relationships with other people or organizations that could have inappropriately influenced our work on this abstract. We have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
(302) THE EFFECTS OF PDE5I ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN ED PATIENTS
Authors: Belladelli Dr Federico , Pozzi Dr Edoardo , Bertini Dr Alessandro , Corsini Dr Christian , Raffo Dr Massimiliano , Negri Dr Fausto , Oddo Dr Marco , Candela Dr Luigi , Capogrosso Dr Paolo , Boeri Dr Luca , d'Arma Alessia , Montorsi Prof Francesco , Salonia Prof Andrea 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) are considered among the first-line treatment options for erectile dysfunction (ED). Their impact in terms of long-term psychological well-being has been scantly analysed. This retrospective cross-sectional study aimed to investigate PDE5i effects on psychological well-being in a cohort of ED patients.

Methods
Complete data from the last 437 sexually active heterosexual men seeking medical help for ED and treated with PDE5i were analysed. Health-significant comorbidities were scored using the Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). All patients completed the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Response to PDE5i therapy was defined as any improvement in IIIEF-Erectile Function domain. Duration of PDE5i use was defined as the time passing from the prescription date to the last visit reporting PDE5i discontinuation or the last follow-up. Likewise, all men completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at baseline and at the last visit. Descriptive statistics and Cox regression model tested the association between PDE5i response and any improvement in BDI scores. Cumulative Incidence (CI) curves were used to define the minimum time needed for BDI score improvements throughout the follow-up.

Results
Median (IQR) age was 55 (43-62) years and BMI was 25.3 (23.1-27.4) kg/m2. 98 (22%) and 77 (18%) men were active smokers and presented with CCI≥1, respectively. The median treatment duration was 12.86 (3.2-51.8) weeks. Overall, 74 (17%) and 31 (7%) patients reported improvement in IIEF-EF score after PDE5i therapy and BDI scores, respectively. At Cox linear regression analysis, response to PDE5i was associated with improvements in BDI scores (HR: 5.47; 95%CI 2.52-11.89; p&lt;0.001) after accounting for age, BMI and CCI. Figure 1 depicts CI curves of BDI score improvements among PDE5i responders and non-responders. At least 12 months of therapy was needed to achieve a 25% probability of BDI score improvement.

Conclusions
Current findings suggest that a 12-month period is needed to observe significant improvement in patients’ psychological well-being.

Conflicts of Interest
None.
(270) CLINICAL RESULTS OF LOW INTENSITY EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE THERAPY (LI-ESWT) AFTER 3 YEARS OF THERAPY
Authors: Polito Dr Massimo , Cormio Dr Angelo , Galosi Prof Andrea B 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the effects of Low Intensity Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (LI-ESWT) in patients with Peyronie’s disease (PD) and erectile dysfunction (ED)

Methods
57 patients with a history of PD and DE were enrolled in a retrospective study. All patients were evaluated for DE and LUTS and in all of them penile ultrasound and photographs were performed. Erectile function (EF), pain during erection, plaque size, penile curvature, and quality of life (QoL) were assessed at baseline and at 3 months of follow up. Six weekly treatment sessions were administered. Each LI-ESWT session consisted of 3000 focused shocks waves with a running time ranging from 18 to 25 minutes. EF was evaluated with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Penile curvature was measured in degrees.

Results
The mean age was 62.8 years. Of the 57 patients, three of them dropped out for other reasons. After 3 months overall patients improved their QoL score. At 3 months patients had an improvement in penile curvature and a decrease in plaque size. Many of them reported a non-painful erection. Interesting outcomes were reported for IIEF-5 score: 3 patients switched from severe to moderate IIEF5, from 9 to 15.3 (p=0.005); 9 patients switched from moderate to slight, from 19.4 to 21.7 (p=0.007). Unfortunately, 3 patients remained with severe DE (p=0.03). The main limitation of this study was that the QoL score questionnaire was not validated.

Conclusions
In patients with PD and DE, LI-ESWT is a safe and efficient treatment that improves patients' quality of life and erectile function.

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declaire no conflict of interest.
Salicylic acid accumulation: emerging molecular players and novel perspectives on plant development and nutrition
Authors: Salinas Paula , Velozo Sebastián , Herrera-Vásquez Ariel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a central phytohormone that orchestrates genetic and physiological responses involving defense mechanisms against pathogens. This review presents cutting-edge research on emerging molecular players identified within the past 5 years contributing to SA accumulation. Furthermore, we delve into two relatively underexplored domains: the dynamic production of SA throughout the plant life cycle, with a specific focus on senescence, and the intricate interplay between SA, nutrition, and its multifaceted implications on plant development and defense response. This synthesis aims to provide a contemporary and comprehensive understanding of the diverse roles of SA in plant biology.
Damage Control Training: A Cross-sectional Survey of Health care Personnel of French Emergency Medicine Structures
Authors: Bousigues Maud , Pretalli Jean-Baptiste , Vivien Benoit , Lambert Christophe , Outrey Justin , Khoury Abdo 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Terrorist threats are a worldwide phenomenon. The injuries caused with military weapons or explosives are multiple and unusual for civilian care services. Damage control (DC) training has then become a critical need. In response to the November 2015 attacks, the French authorities launched a national DC training campaign for emergency care personnel. The aim was to describe the implementation of DC training campaign and its perception according to the respondent’s profession, DC teaching levels, and the history of terrorist attacks in the last decade of the hospital center’s activities.

Materials and Methods
A survey was distributed to all Casualty Department staff in France. The answers were collected between June 9, 2020 and July 22, 2020. The project was qualified as not involving humans and participation was on voluntary basis. The study is out of the French Jardé law.

Results
Two-thirds of the 1,525 respondents considered themselves trained in DC (emergency physicians [76.8%], nurse anesthetists [68.1%], and ambulance drivers [65.3%]). Less than half considered their theoretical (41.1%) and practical (44.7%) knowledge excellent or good. More than 95% of the untrained personnel wanted to receive this type of training. Trained personnel were in favor of annual refresher training (95.7%) and training for practical applications (95.1%). Personnel at teaching centers were more frequently trained than personnel at nonteaching centers (respectively 75.3% and 64.3%, P &lt; .0001) and had applied their knowledge significantly more often (50.1% vs. 43.4%, P = .038). They often considered their knowledge to be excellent (respectively 50.8% vs. 42.4%, P = .064).

Conclusion
The training of emergency personnel in DC is far from being generalized in France. Among the trained personnel, it was often deemed insufficient, in theory and in practice. There was an inequity of training in favor of those in teaching centers. It is therefore essential that training in DC techniques in France be continued, generalized, improved, and standardized throughout the country in order to guarantee an optimal response from the health care systems in the event of new terrorist attacks.
Fc-enhanced anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1, doxorubicin, and ultrasound-mediated blood–brain barrier opening: A novel combinatorial immunotherapy regimen for gliomas
Authors: Kim Kwang-Soo , Habashy Karl , Gould Andrew , Zhao Junfei , Najem Hinda , Amidei Christina , Saganty Ruth , Arrieta Víctor A , Dmello Crismita , Chen Li , Zhang Daniel Y , Castro Brandyn , Billingham Leah , Levey Daniel , Huber Olivia , Marques Marilyn , Savitsky David A , Morin Benjamin M , Muzzio Miguel , Canney Michael , Horbinski Craig , Zhang Peng , Miska Jason , Padney Surya , Zhang Bin , Rabadan Raul , Phillips Joanna J , Butowski Nicholas , Heimberger Amy B , Hu Jian , Stupp Roger , Chand Dhan , Lee-Chang Catalina , Sonabend Adam M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain cancer that is resistant to conventional immunotherapy strategies. Botensilimab, an Fc-enhanced anti-CTLA-4 antibody (FcE-aCTLA-4), has shown durable activity in “cold” and immunotherapy-refractory cancers.

Methods
We evaluated the efficacy and immune microenvironment phenotype of a mouse analogue of FcE-aCTLA-4 in treatment-refractory preclinical models of glioblastoma, both as a monotherapy and in combination with doxorubicin delivered via low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and microbubbles (LIPU/MB). Additionally, we studied 4 glioblastoma patients treated with doxorubicin, anti-PD-1 with concomitant LIPU/MB to investigate the novel effect of doxorubicin modulating FcγR expressions in tumor-associated macrophages/microglia (TAMs).

Results
FcE-aCTLA-4 demonstrated high-affinity binding to FcγRIV, the mouse ortholog of human FcγRIIIA, which was highly expressed in TAMs in human glioblastoma, most robustly at diagnosis. Notably, FcE-aCTLA-4-mediated selective depletion of intratumoral regulatory T cells (Tregs) via TAM-mediated phagocytosis, while sparing peripheral Tregs. Doxorubicin, a chemotherapeutic drug with immunomodulatory functions, was found to upregulate FcγRIIIA on TAMs in glioblastoma patients who received doxorubicin and anti-PD-1 with concomitant LIPU/MB. In murine models of immunotherapy-resistant gliomas, a combinatorial regimen of FcE-aCTLA-4, anti-PD-1, and doxorubicin with LIPU/MB, achieved a 90% cure rate, that was associated robust infiltration of activated CD8+ T cells and establishment of immunological memory as evidenced by rejection upon tumor rechallenge.

Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that FcE-aCTLA-4 promotes robust immunomodulatory and anti-tumor effects in murine gliomas and is significantly enhanced when combined with anti-PD-1, doxorubicin, and LIPU/MB. We are currently investigating this combinatory strategy in a clinical trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT05864534).
Estimating and Explaining the Differences in Health Care Seeking by Symptom Burden Among Persons With Presumptive Tuberculosis: Findings From a Population-Based Tuberculosis Prevalence Survey in a High-Burden Setting in India
Authors: Giridharan Prathiksha , Nagarajan Karikalan , Selvaraju Sriram , Frederick Asha , Subbiah Esakkipriya , Mani Sasikumar , Thiruvengadam Kannan , Selvavinayagam T S , Padmapriyadarsini Chandrasekaran ,   Tamil Nadu TB Prevalence Study Group, Murugesan Havenesh , Rajendran Priya , Kumar Makesh , Krishnan Rajendran , Kumaran Paul , Chitra J , Rani V , Venkatesan L , Munivaradhan P , Nithyakumar D , Rameshbabu V , Venkatramana P K , Premkumar N , Joseph Rajkumar S V , Thangaraj T , Devanathan A , Balaji P , Bharath T K , Udayakumar J , Mathew Wilkingson , Arockia Doss John , Vasudevan A , Anbarasan K , Mahesh Kumar M , Kumaravel P , Chandrasekar P , Vasudevan K , Eswaran G , Krishna Bahadur R , Jeeva J , Duraivel E , Karunanidhi R , Kathiravan S 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
There is a lack of research evidence on the quantitative relationship between symptom burden and health care seeking among individuals with presumptive tuberculosis (TB).

Methods
Data were derived from a cross-sectional population-based TB survey conducted between February 2021 and July 2022 in 32 districts of India. Eligible and consented participants (age &gt;15 years) underwent TB symptom screening and history elicitation. Fairlie decomposition analysis was used to estimate the net differences in health care seeking due to varied symptom burden—from 1+ burden (&gt;1 symptom) to 4+ burden (&gt;4 symptoms)—and decomposed by observable covariates based on logit models with 95% CIs.

Results
Of the 130 932 individuals surveyed, 9540 (7.3%) reported at least 1 recent TB symptom, of whom 2678 (28.1%; 95% CI, 27.1%–28.9%) reportedly sought health care. The net differences in health care seeking among persons with symptom burden 1+ to 4+ ranged from 6.6 percentage points (95% CI, 4.8–8.4) to 7.7 (95% CI, 5.2–10.2) as compared with persons with less symptom burden. The presence of expectoration, fatigue, and loss of appetite largely explained health care seeking (range, 0.9–3.1 percentage points [42.89%–151.9%]). The presence of fever, cough, past TB care seeking, weight loss, and chest pain moderately explained (range, 5.3%–25.3%) health care seeking.

Conclusions
Increased symptom burden and symptoms other than the commonly emphasized cough and fever largely explained health care seeking. Orienting TB awareness and risk communications toward symptom burden and illness perceptions could help address population gaps in health care seeking for TB.
Phases and Duality in the Fundamental Kazakov–Migdal Model on the Graph
Authors: Matsuura So , Ohta Kazutoshi 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We examine the fundamental Kazakov–Migdal (FKM) model on a generic graph, whose partition function is represented by the Ihara zeta function weighted by unitary matrices. The FKM model becomes unstable in the critical strip of the Ihara zeta function. We discover a duality between small and large couplings, associated with the functional equation of the Ihara zeta function for regular graphs. Although the duality is not precise for irregular graphs, we show that the effective action in the large coupling region can be represented by a summation of all possible Wilson loops on a graph similar to that in the small coupling region. We estimate the phase structure of the FKM model in both the small and large coupling regions by comparing it with the Gross–Witten–Wadia model. We further validate the theoretical analysis through detailed numerical simulations.
Transformer models for astrophysical time series and the GRB prompt–afterglow relation
Authors: Boersma Oliver M , Ayache Eliot H , van Leeuwen Joeri 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Transformer models have recently become very successful in the natural language domain. Their value as sequence-to-sequence translators there also makes them a highly interesting technique for learning relationships between astrophysical time series. Our aim is investigating how well such a transformer neural network can establish causal temporal relations between different channels of a single-source signal. We thus apply a transformer model to the two phases of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), reconstructing one phase from the other. GRBs are unique instances where a single process and event produces two distinct time variable phenomena: the prompt emission and the afterglow. We here investigate if a transformer model can predict the afterglow flux from the prompt emission. If successful, such a predictive scheme might then be distilled to the most important underlying physics drivers in the future. We combine the transformer model with a novel dense neural network set-up to directly estimate the starting value of the prediction. We find that the transformer model can, in some instances, successfully predict different phases of canonical afterglows, including the plateau phase. Hence it is a useful and promising new astrophysical analysis technique. For the GRB test case, the method marginally exceeds the baseline model overall, but still achieves accurate recovery of the prompt–afterglow fluence–fluence correlation in reconstructed light curves. Despite this progress, we conclude that consistent improvement over the baseline model is not yet achieved for the GRB case. We discuss the future improvements in data and modelling that are required to identify new physical-relation parameters or new insights into the single process driving both GRB phases.
Perspectives of South Asian Youth in the United States about Gender Norms and Healthcare Decision Making
Authors: Khosla Nidhi , Bhandari Shreya 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the voices of South Asian youth in the United States about gender norms and healthcare decision making. Ten focus group discussions were held with 36 students of South Asian origin at a university on the West Coast of the United States. Thematic analysis was performed on the focus group data. Three main themes emerged from the data: (1) intersectionality of gender with other factors that affect healthcare decision making, (2) impact of gender on health, and (3) coping strategies. Participants reported preferential treatment for boys versus girls, vesting decision-making control among males, worse health among females, and coping strategies. A few responses indicated that power differentials in some families were shifting to a more egalitarian balance between males and females. Aspects such as age, employment, and language barriers intersected with gender to create a complex web of influence on healthcare decision making. The study has implications for social workers to offer culturally responsive support to South Asian youth in the United States, paying attention to the intersectionalities when working with them. Further research is needed to explore the influence of gender on healthcare decision-making processes of South Asian youth in the United States.