bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Potential, Non‐Toxic Influenza Virus Inhibitor by Computational Techniques
Authors: Karthick V. , Toropova Alla P. , Toropov Andrey A. , Ramanathan K. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractInfluenza infection continues to be a major problem in many parts of the world. Rimantadine is a first‐line drug used to treat the influenza infection by targeting M2 proton channel. However, S31N mutation in M2 proton channel diminishes the efficiency of rimantadine and creates resistance. To address this issue, the present study was aimed to screen the effective lead candidate against drug resistance strain of influenza from DrugBank database. Initially, the lead molecules were filtered using Lipinski rule of five and the drug likeliness property. Subsequently, the data reduction was carried out by employing molecular docking study. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations techniques were performed to validate the lead compound. Most importantly, the ‐p LD50 of the screened lead molecule was calculated using CORAL software to estimate the Rat oral toxicity. Accordingly, memantine may possibly become a promising lead compound of rimantadine‐resistant influenza virus strain.
Physiotherapists' Beliefs About Whiplash‐associated Disorder: A Comparison Between Singapore and Queensland, Australia
Authors: Ng Tze Siong , Pedler Ashley , Vicenzino Bill , Sterling Michele 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackground and purposeHealthcare providers' beliefs may play a role in the outcome of whiplash‐associated disorders (WAD), a condition which is proposed to be culturally dependent. Clinical practice guidelines recommend an active approach for the management of WAD, which is often delivered by physiotherapists. However, there is no data on physiotherapists' whiplash beliefs. Our primary objective was to determine physiotherapists' beliefs from Queensland (Australia) and Singapore, two cultures with differing prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal pain and chronic WAD.MethodsA pen and paper survey of musculoskeletal physiotherapists practicing in Queensland and Singapore was conducted. Participants completed questionnaires consisting of patient vignettes and statements inquiring knowledge and attitudes towards WAD. Chi‐square tests of significance were used to compare the responses of physiotherapists from both samples.ResultsNinety‐one (response rate 45%) Queensland‐based and 94 (response rate 98%) Singapore‐based physiotherapists participated in the study. The beliefs in the management strategies for the patient vignettes were generally consistent with practice guidelines. A higher proportion of Queensland‐based physiotherapists expected permanent disabilities for the patient vignette depicting chronic WAD (Queensland: 55% Singapore: 28% Pearson chi‐sq 18.76, p < 0.005).Up to 99% of the physiotherapists from both samples believed in encouragement of physical activity, the effectiveness of exercise and multimodal physiotherapy for WAD. Significantly higher proportions of Singapore‐based physiotherapists believed in ordering radiographs for acute WAD (Pearson chi‐sq 41.98, p < 0.001) and also believed in a psychogenic origin of chronic WAD (Pearson chi‐sq 22.57, p < 0.001).ConclusionThe majority of beliefs between physiotherapists in Queensland and Singapore were similar but there were specific differences. Physiotherapists' whiplash beliefs in Queensland and Singapore did not clearly reflect the difference in prevalence of chronic musculoskeletal pain or chronic WAD in Queensland and Singapore. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moderate, chronic ethanol feeding exacerbates carbon tetrachloride–induced hepatic fibrosis via hepatocyte‐specific hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α
Authors: Roychowdhury Sanjoy , Chiang Dian J. , McMullen Megan R. , Nagy Laura E. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractThe hypoxia‐sensing transcriptional factor HIF1α is implicated in a variety of hepato‐pathological conditions; however, the contribution of hepatocyte‐derived HIF1α during progression of alcoholic liver injury is still controversial. HIF1α induces a variety of genes including those involved in apoptosis via p53 activation. Increased hepatocyte apoptosis is critical for progression of liver inflammation, stellate cell activation, and fibrosis. Using hepatocyte‐specific HIF1α‐deficient mice (ΔHepHIF1α−/−), here we investigated the contribution of HIF1α to ethanol‐induced hepatocyte apoptosis and its role in amplification of fibrosis after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) exposure. Moderate ethanol feeding (11% of kcal) induced accumulation of hypoxia‐sensitive pimonidazole adducts and HIF1α expression in the liver within 4 days of ethanol feeding. Chronic CCl4 treatment increased M30‐positive cells, a marker of hepatocyte apoptosis in pair‐fed control mice. Concomitant ethanol feeding (11% of kcal) amplified CCl4‐induced hepatocyte apoptosis in livers of wild‐type mice, associated with elevated p53K386 acetylation, PUMA expression, and Ly6c+ cell infiltration. Subsequent to increased apoptosis, ethanol‐enhanced induction of profibrotic markers, including stellate cell activation, collagen 1 expression, and extracellular matrix deposition following CCl4 exposure. Ethanol‐induced exacerbation of hepatocyte apoptosis, p53K386 acetylation, and PUMA expression following CCl4 exposure was attenuated in livers of ΔHepHIF1α−/− mice. This protection was also associated with a reduction in Ly6c+ cell infiltration and decreased fibrosis in livers of ΔHepHIF1α−/− mice. In summary, these results indicate that moderate ethanol exposure leads to hypoxia/HIF1α‐mediated signaling in hepatocytes and induction of p53‐dependent apoptosis of hepatocytes, resulting in increased hepatic fibrosis during chronic CCl4 exposure.
High temperature electrical conductivity in hydrothermally grown ZnO
Authors: Lott K. , Nirk T. , Türn L. , Shinkarenko S. , Öpik A. , Kortunova E. , Shvanskiy P. , Gorokhova E. , Vishnjakov A. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractResults of measurements of high temperature electrical conductivity (HTEC) in undoped hydrothermally grown ZnO single crystal are presented. HTEC measurements were made under the Zn component vapor pressure (up to 1 atm) and in the temperature range from 873 K to 1273 K. Reliable thermodynamic equilibrium in the ZnO crystal for HTEC measurements of isotherms and isobars was obtained at the temperatures higher than 873 K. Surprisingly slow chemical diffusion prolonged the high temperature measurement cycles continuously for several weeks. In our experiments the absolute value of HTEC in undoped hydrothermally grown ZnO was several orders of magnitude higher than HTEC in undoped ZnS. Slopes of HTEC isotherms varied with component vapor pressure and changed in the range from 0.2 to 0.4. For HTEC isobar in the temperature range from 1173 K to 1273 K it was found activation energy value 0.3‐0.4 eV at zinc vapour pressure 0.092 atm. Defect model for explanation of this high temperature experiment is discussed in connection with impurities. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characterizing geomorphological change to support sustainable river restoration and management
Authors: Grabowski Robert C. , Surian Nicola , Gurnell Angela M. 
Published: July 2014

The hydrology and geomorphology of most rivers has been fundamentally altered through a long history of human interventions including modification of river channels, floodplains, and wider changes in the landscape that affect water and sediment delivery to the river. Resultant alterations in fluvial forms and processes have negatively impacted river ecology via the loss of physical habitat, disruption to the longitudinal continuity of the river, and lateral disconnection between aquatic, wetland, and terrestrial ecosystems. Through a characterization of geomorphological change, it is possible to peel back the layers of time to investigate how and why a river has changed. Process rates can be assessed, the historical condition of rivers can be determined, the trajectories of past changes can be reconstructed, and the role of specific human interventions in these geomorphological changes can be assessed. To achieve this, hydrological, geomorphological, and riparian vegetation characteristics are investigated within a hierarchy of spatial scales using a range of data sources. A temporal analysis of fluvial geomorphology supports process‐based management that targets underlying problems. In this way, effective, sustainable management and restoration solutions can be developed that recognize the underlying drivers of geomorphological change, the constraints imposed on current fluvial processes, and the possible evolutionary trajectories and timelines of change under different future management scenarios. Catchment/river basin planning, natural flood risk management, the identification and appraisal of pressures, and the assessment of restoration needs and objectives would all benefit from a thorough temporal analysis of fluvial geomorphology.WIREs Water2014, 1:483–512. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1037This article is categorized under:Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and AwarenessWater and Life > Stresses and Pressures on EcosystemsScience of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Sodium ion batteries: a newer electrochemical storage
Authors: Nithya C. , Gopukumar S. 
Published: July 2014

Vehicle electrification is one of the most significant solutions that address the challenges of fossil fuel depletion, global warming, CO2 pollution, and so on. To mitigate these issues, recent research mainly focuses on finding clean energy storage devices such as batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, and so forth. Owing to the outstanding energy and power density, lithium‐ion batteries (LIB) have captured the market for portable electronics, hybrid electric vehicles, plug‐in hybrid electric vehicles, and so on. During 1970–1980s, electrode materials for both LIBs and sodium‐ion batteries (NIBs) were investigated but higher energy and power density of LIBs have made it a popular candidate for portable electronics. Issues arise on the availability of lithium reserves, so it is high time we take a look at finding alternative energy storage system without compromising on the energy and power density of the state‐of‐the‐art LIBs. Therefore, researchers have revisited NIBs and recent developments have contributed towards discovering new electrode materials to match the energy and power density of LIBs at low cost. While a variety of positive and negative electrode materials have been investigated for NIBs so far, the influence of voltage, capacity, cycle life, and volume expansion of negative electrodes on Na+ ion extraction and insertion are more as compared with LIBs. This affects the energy and power density of NIBs but cost‐effective partial replacement of LIBs is viable and is widely pursued. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:253–278. doi: 10.1002/wene.136This article is categorized under:

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen > Science and Materials
Energy and Development > Science and Materials
Designing electricity markets for a high penetration of variable renewables
Authors: Riesz Jenny , Milligan Michael 
Published: July 2014

Renewable technologies are often characterized as being somewhat different to ‘conventional’ generating technologies in three ways, each with different implications for electricity markets. Firstly, some have highly variable and somewhat uncertain availability, meaning that electricity markets must be designed to elicit adequate flexibility. Secondly, many have very low short‐run marginal costs (operating costs), meaning that the mechanisms for managing resource adequacy must be carefully considered. Thirdly, some are nonsynchronous, meaning that grid codes and regulatory requirements must be appropriately designed. Access to flexibility can be enhanced by a range of market design choices, such as short dispatch intervals, short delays from gate closure to dispatch, large balancing areas, high demand side participation, and exposing renewable technologies to market price signals commensurate with other technologies. The design of markets for frequency control ancillary services (FCAS) also provides opportunities to increase access to flexibility, by creating active real‐time markets for a wide range of FCAS, allowing renewable technologies to provide FCAS, and determining FCAS reserve requirements dynamically in real time. Mechanisms for managing resource adequacy are a source of ongoing debate, with many of the key issues having been exacerbated by the entry of renewables. Rapid market change makes investment decisions difficult, regardless of the market model applied. Ultimately, given the existence of arguably successful examples of both energy‐only and capacity market designs, the choice of market model may be less important than the quality of governance with which it is implemented and maintained. WIREs Energy Environ 2015, 4:279–289. doi: 10.1002/wene.137This article is categorized under:

Energy Infrastructure > Economics and Policy
Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Systems Economics > Economics and Policy
Energy Policy and Planning > Economics and Policy
The intraspecies relationship between tissue turnover and metabolic rate in rats
Authors: Kraeer Kimberly , Arneson Lynne S. , E. MacAvoy Stephen 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEcologists interested in studying fluctuating relationships between consumers and nutrient sources are increasingly involved in modeling the rate at which consumers incorporate dietary components. In mammals a correlation between resting metabolic rate (RMR) and tissue turnover may exist across a range of species. Less is known about the variation of tissue turnover rate within a species, and how that correlates with RMR. Here we examine two strains of rats (Rattus norvegicus) with different RMR to test whether variation in RMR is positively correlated with tissue turnover rate within a species. If RMR, a relatively simple measurement, can be correlated with tissue turnover, then this relationship could be used to better interpret ecological functions, including impact of migratory or seasonally available nutrient sources. Here, the changing isotope signature in rat whole blood was modeled using a modified exponential decay equation and a reaction progress variable model. The modeled rate of turnover, metabolic rate (O2 consumed), and mass were then compared between strains of rats. The mass and RMRs (conditions during which RMRs were determined modified from the ideal, as outlined in the Methods) were significantly different between strains, but half‐life and the metabolic tissue replacement component of turnover (as opposed to turnover from mass gain) were not. No significant correlation was found between RMR and metabolic tissue replacement between the strains. Results suggest that within a species showing a range of RMRs, blood tissue turnover should not vary significantly.
Revision Surgery for Failed Cervical Spine Reconstruction
Authors: Koerner John D. , Kepler Christopher K. , Albert Todd J. 
Published: July 2014

Background As the number of cervical spine procedures performed continues to increase, the need for revision surgery is also likely to increase. Surgeons need to understand the etiology of post-surgical changes, as well as have a treatment algorithm when evaluating these complex patients. Questions/Purposes This study aims to review the rates and etiology of revision cervical spine surgery as well as describe our treatment algorithm. Methods We used a narrative and literature review. We performed a MEDLINE (PubMed) search for “cervical” and “spine” and “revision” which returned 353 articles from 1993 through January 22, 2014. Abstracts were analyzed for relevance and 32 articles were reviewed. Results The rates of revision surgery on the cervical spine vary by the type and extent of procedure performed. Patient evaluation should include a detailed history and review of the indication for the index procedure, as well as lab work to rule out infection. Imaging studies including flexion/extension radiographs and computed tomography are obtained to evaluate potential pseudarthrosis. Magnetic resonance imaging is helpful to evaluate the disc, neural elements, soft tissue, and to differentiate scar from infection. Sagittal alignment should be corrected if necessary. Conclusions Recurrent or new symptoms after cervical spine reconstruction can be effectively treated with revision surgery after identifying the etiology, and completing the appropriate workup.
Factors associated with the use of prenatal corticosteroids in the management of preterm delivery in Chinese hospitals
Authors: Wang Xi , Vogel Joshua P. , Kang Chu‐yun , Gao Yan‐qiu , Ao Deng , Pang Ru‐yan , Wang Yan 
Published: July 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of the use of prenatal corticosteroids (PCS) in the management of preterm delivery and the factors associated with PCS administration.MethodsA secondary analysis was performed of a cross‐sectional study conducted in 21 Chinese healthcare facilities between November 2010 and January 2011. The medical records of women who delivered preterm were reviewed. Associations between PCS administration and individual and organizational‐level factors were determined.ResultsThe study population comprised 659 women who delivered at 20 facilities. PCS were given to 158 (68.1%) of 232 women delivering after 27–34 weeks of pregnancy and 119 (27.9%) of 427 delivering after 35–36 weeks. Teenaged girls were less likely to receive PCS after 27–34 weeks than were women aged 20–35 years (odds ratio [OR] 0.22; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.07–0.70). Among women who delivered after 35–36 weeks, the odds of receiving PCS were lower in urban hospitals than in periurban or rural hospitals (OR 0.04; 95% CI 0.00–0.44), and there was significant hospital‐level variance with regard to the administration of PCS (P < 0.05).ConclusionGenerally, PCS were underprescribed to women at risk of preterm delivery and many women received the treatment after 35–36 weeks of pregnancy, when it might not have been effective.
THE TOTAL LUNAR ECLIPSE ON JUNE 16, 2011: A KEY TO DATING THE YIN LUNAR ECLIPSE IN YINGCANG 885/886
Authors: Liu Xueshun 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBased upon current knowledge of the Yin Oracle-Bone Inscriptions, this article argues that potential inscriptional records of the total lunar eclipse on June 16, 2011, which was observable in Beijing, could only be the same as those of the lunar eclipse recorded in Yingcang 885/886 and that lunar eclipse inscriptions on those two rubbings of Yingcang were records of an eclipse like the one on June 16, 2011. Both eclipses began sometime after midnight and ended shortly after sunrise. Between 1400 b.c.e. and 1148 b.c.e., only the lunar eclipse on August 14, 1166 b.c.e. could match the time and ganzhi dates of the eclipse in Yingcang 885/886. In 1998, Chang Yuzhi and I independently put forward this view. In this article, I reach the same conclusion by means of an innovative method.
Successful detection, expression and purification of the alternatively spliced truncated Sm14 antigen of an Egyptian strain ofSchistosoma mansoni
Authors: Ewaisha R.E. , Bahey-El-Din M. , Mossallam S.F. , Khalil A.M. , Aboushleib H.M. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractSchistosoma mansonicauses intestinal schistosomiasis, a disease that is prevalent in several regions worldwide. To date, a protective vaccine againstS. mansoniis still lacking. Several promising antigens have been discovered and evaluated for vaccine protection, such as Sm14 and Sm28GST. In this short communication, we report the successful detection of an alternatively spliced truncated form of Sm14 which was highly expressed in an Egyptian strain ofS. mansoni. This truncated Sm14 (TrSm14) protein was formerly reported to be practically non-existent and its complementary DNA (cDNA) was thought to be ‘a rare misprocessing of mRNA precursor’. Our finding demonstrates that there is inter-strain variation in theS. mansonitranscriptome and subsequently in the role/function of the expressed proteins. We expressed TrSm14 successfully inEscherichia colias a fusion protein with the schistosomal antigen Sm28GST. The fusion protein was purified using metal affinity chromatography and was found to be reactive with serum fromS. mansoni-infected patients. This suggests a possible diagnostic value for this protein in detection of anti-schistosomal antibodies. In addition, this fusion protein could offer a potential bivalent vaccine candidate againstS. mansonithat is worthy of further investigation.
A study of the use of fuzzy control theory to stabilize the gait of biped robots
Authors: Lee Hai-Wu 
Published: July 2014

SUMMARYThis paper designs a biped robot to perform appropriate walking exercises according to the terrain, which then walks stably on a flat environment. The concept of fuzzy logic is combined with the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller theory to design the best method to allow the biped robot system to have a balanced and stable gait. Traditional controllers are designed using mathematical models of physical systems, but a fuzzy controller is a physical system that uses an inexact mathematical model, which involves sets and membership functions. Fuzzy controllers use fuzzification, fuzzy control rules, and defuzzification. The method and theory of control: A stable gait for robots is achieved using inverse kinematics, fuzzy concepts, the LQR controller theory, path design, and the characteristics of a dynamic equation. It is then simulated using mathematical tools to prove that the system eliminates swinging by biped robots without fuzzy control knowing beforehand the dynamic model the system is using. Proportional-Integral-Differential control achieves a stable gait design in a flat environment.
Governing Art Districts: State Control and Cultural Production in Contemporary China
Authors: Zhang Yue 
Published: July 2014

AbstractContemporary Chinese artists have long been marginalized in China as their ideas conflict with the mainstream political ideology. In Beijing, artists often live on the fringe of society in “artist villages,” where they almost always face the threat of being displaced owing to political decisions or urban renewal. However, in the past decade, the Chinese government began to foster the growth of contemporary Chinese arts and designated underground artist villages as art districts. This article explores the profound change in the political decisions about the art community. It argues that, despite the pluralization of Chinese society and the inroads of globalization, the government maintains control over the art community through a series of innovative mechanisms. These mechanisms create a globalization firewall, which facilitates the Chinese state in global image-building and simultaneously mitigates the impact of global forces on domestic governance. The article illuminates how the authoritarian state has adopted more sophisticated methods of governance in response to the challenges of a more sophisticated society.
Blue, Green or Aquamarine? Taiwan and the Status Quo Preference in Cross-Strait Relations
Authors: Huang Chin-Hao , James Patrick 
Published: July 2014

AbstractDebates about whether China's rise poses a threat or an opportunity for Taiwan have settled into a realist assumption that Beijing will continue to upset the balance of power and a liberal approach that believes the benefits of economic interdependence are leading to greater gains. Missing from this debate is a nuanced consideration of how Taiwan's policy elites view themselves and their position in cross-Strait relations. Taiwan's decision makers' views are deeply affected by, and interact with, factors and institutions on and beyond the island. This article offers a model of political processes – the staying power of the status quo and order of movement – as a possible route towards an explanation for Taiwan's position on cross-Strait negotiations. The conclusion is that the status quo position – de facto but not de jure independence – is becoming more entrenched with time. Taiwan's colours of partisanship, Blue and Green, are blending into Aquamarine.