bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La RSE négociée : règles du jeu et contenus. Le cas d'ISO 26000
Authors: Ruwet Coline 
Published: October 2012

Résumé Le développement par des organisations privées d’instruments destinés à définir, mettre œuvre ou évaluer la RSE introduit une série de contraintes nouvelles sur les négociations à ce sujet. L’attention accordée à des exigences de légitimité, d’inclusion et de transparence devient un passage obligé pour les producteurs de normes privées en la matière. Cet article se penche sur le processus d’élaboration d’ISO 26000, norme internationale sur la responsabilité sociétale des organisations publiée en novembre 2010. Ce cas est particulièrement intéressant à étudier car les négociations ont porté non seulement sur le contenu de la norme mais également sur sa procédure d’élaboration. Plutôt que d’analyser les négociations en tentant d’identifier les objectifs des catégories de stakeholders déterminées a priori, nous analysons parallèlement les débats sur le contenu et l’incidence des nouvelles règles sur les négociations. Des enjeux clefs dans l’élaboration d’ISO 26000 (sa source, son degré de contrainte et son champ d’application) sont mis en relation avec des modifications apportées à la procédure visant à améliorer la légitimité, l’inclusion et la transparence. Un examen des règles de procédure mises en place en dit long, en amont, sur les principaux enjeux au cœur du processus et, en aval, sur les poids respectifs accordés aux exigences en termes d’efficacité et de justice.
Physician Counseling of Older Adults about Physical Activity: The Importance of Context
Authors: Weiss Deborah R. , Wolfson Christina , Yaffe Mark J. , Shrier Ian , Puts Martine T. E. 
Published: October 2012

Purpose. Physicians are encouraged to discuss physical activity with their older adult patients. Studies of physician-initiated counseling have yielded inconsistent results, perhaps because older adults' perceptions and concerns about such counseling have not been addressed. The objective of the present work was therefore to explore such perceptions and their implications. Design. Qualitative study, using a grounded theory approach. Data were collected using both focus groups and semistructured interviews. Setting. Data were collected in several settings, including a fitness center and physicians' offices. Subjects. In a first sample, 56 adults aged 65 and older participated in one of six focus group sessions examining physical activity and exercise. Subsequently, 16 older adults participated in one of two focus groups comprising a second, validation sample. Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with a sample of five physicians. Methods. Data collection and analysis took place concurrently. Transcripts were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Recruitment, data collection, and analysis were informed by grounded theory. Results. Inactive older adults experiencing a health problem were more receptive than their healthy counterparts to receiving physical activity counseling from their physicians. Those who were receptive appeared to find such an intervention useful in leading to behavior change. Conclusion. This study suggests that physicians' efforts in physical activity counseling may have the best impact when provided in the context of a health problem.
Addressing Weight Gain in Smoking Cessation Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Bush Terry , Levine Michele D. , Beebe Laura A. , Cerutti Barbara , Deprey Mona , McAfee Tim , Boeckman Lindsay , Zbikowski Susan 
Published: October 2012

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) addressing cessation-related weight concerns delivered via a tobacco quitline that does not address weight concerns. Design. Randomized controlled trial, blinded 6-month follow-up. Setting. The Oklahoma Tobacco Helpline (OKHL). Subjects. All 7998 smokers who called the OKHL were screened; 4240 were eligible; 2000 were randomized to the standard quitline (STD) or the brief version of the CBT weight concerns program (WCP). Intervention. Telephone counseling to help people quit smoking and address concerns about cessation-related weight gain. Measures. Demographics, weight, tobacco status, weight concerns, self-efficacy in quitting, and quitting without weight gain. Analysis. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results. Of those randomized, 1002 participants completed the 6-month survey (response rates = 53.2% for STD, 47% for WCP). Compared with STD, WCP led to reduced weight concerns (p < .01) and less weight gain among quitters (1.8 vs. −3.4 pounds; p = .01). Although not significant, participants in the WCP were more likely to report 30-day abstinence (33.3% vs. 36.8%, p = .24; intent to treat = 17.7 vs. 17.3). Conclusion. The WCP was successfully delivered via a quitline and resulted in improved attitudes about weight and decreased cessation-related weight gain without harming quit rates. Promotion of a quitline focused on addressing weight in conjunction with quitline treatment for smoking cessation may improve cessation and weight outcomes. Study limitations include use of self-report and survey response.
Caregiver Burden and Nonachievement of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors among Family Caregivers of Cardiovascular Disease Patients
Authors: Mochari-Greenberger Heidi , Mosca Lori 
Published: October 2012

Purpose. To determine whether caregiver burdens are associated with lifestyle behaviors 1 year following the hospitalization of a family member with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Design. Prospective follow-up study of National Heart Lung and Blood Institute sponsored Family Intervention Trial for Heart Health participants. Setting. Hospital-based recruitment/baseline visit with 1-year follow-up. Subjects. Family members of hospitalized CVD patients (N = 423; 67% female; 36% racial/ethnic minority; mean age 49 years). Measures. Systematic evaluation at 1 year to determine heart-healthy diet (defined as <10% kcal from saturated fat; Block 98 Food Frequency Questionnaire) and physical activity (defined as ≥4d/wk; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey) behaviors and caregiver burdens (five domains: employment, financial, physical, social, and time; Caregiver Strain Questionnaire). Analysis. Logistic regression adjusted for covariates. Results. Heart-healthy diet was less frequent among caregivers citing feeling overwhelmed (odds ratio [OR] = .50; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .26–.97), sleep disturbance (OR = .51; 95% CI = .27–.96), financial strain (OR = .41; 95% CI = .20–.86), upsetting behavior (OR = .48; 95% CI = .25–.92), and/or time demands (OR = .47; 95% CI = .26–.85) as burdens. Physical activity was less frequent among caregivers reporting financial strain (OR = .32; 95% CI = .13–.81) or upsetting patient behavior (OR = .33; 95% CI = .15–.76) as burdens. The most commonly cited caregiver burdens included changes in personal plans (39%), time demands (38%), and sleep disturbance (30%). Conclusion. Caregiver burdens were associated with nonachievement of heart-healthy diet and physical activity behaviors among family caregivers 1 year after patient discharge. When developing heart-health promotion interventions, caregiver burden should be considered as a possible barrier to prevention among family members of CVD patients.
Impact of a Prototype Visualization Tool for New Information in EHR Clinical Documents
Authors: Farri O. , Rahman A. , Monsen K.A. , Zhang R. , Pakhomov S.V. , Pieczkiewicz D.S. , Speedie S.M. , Melton G.B. 
Published: October 2012

SummaryBackground: EHR clinical document synthesis by clinicians may be time-consuming and error-prone due to the complex organization of narratives, excessive redundancy within documents, and, at times, inadvertent proliferation of data inconsistencies. Development of EHR systems that are easily adaptable to the user’s work processes requires research into visualization techniques that can optimize information synthesis at the point of care.Objective: To evaluate the effect of a prototype visualization tool for clinically relevant new information on clinicians’ synthesis of EHR clinical documents and to understand how the tool may support future designs of clinical document user interfaces.Methods: A mixed methods approach to analyze the impact of the visualization tool was used with a sample of eight medical interns as they synthesized EHR clinical documents to accomplish a set of four pre-formed clinical scenarios using a think-aloud protocol.Results: Differences in the missing (unretrieved) patient information (2.3±1.2 [with the visualization tool] vs. 6.8±1.2 [without the visualization tool], p = 0.08) and accurate inferences (1.3±0.3 vs 2.3±0.3, p = 0.09) were not statistically significant but suggest some improvement with the new information visualization tool. Despite the non-significant difference in total times to task completion (43±4 mins vs 36±4 mins, p = 0.35) we observed shorter times for two scenarios with the visualization tool, suggesting that the time-saving benefits may be more evident with certain clinical processes. Other observed effects of the tool include more intuitive navigation between patient details and increased efforts towards methodical synthesis of clinical documents.Conclusion: Our study provides some evidence that new information visualization in clinical notes may positively influence synthesis of patient information from EHR clinical documents. Our findings provide groundwork towards a more effective display of EHR clinical documents using advanced visualization applications.Citation: Farri O, Rahman A, Monsen KA, Zhang R, Pakhomov SV, Pieckiewicz DS, Speedie SM, Melton GB. Impact of a prototype visualization tool for new information in EHR clinical documents. Appl Clin Inf 2012; 3: 404–418http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2012-05-RA-0017
Central Vertigo
Authors: Strupp Michael , Brandt Thomas 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTCentral vertigo can clinically manifest in three ways: Acute onset of vertigo and dizziness, recurrent attacks and chronic central vertigo. In patients with acute onset of symptoms it is essential to differentiate between central and peripheral vertigo because this has major diagnostic and therapeutic implications. A differentiation can most often be achieved by a careful neuroophthalmological and neuro-otological bedside examination. One should look in particular for the following five signs of central lesions: skew deviation/vertical divergence (as a component of the ocular tilt reaction), gaze-evoked nystagmus contralateral to a spontaneous nystagmus, saccadic smooth pursuit, acute nystagmus in combination with a nonpathological head-impulse test and central fixation nystagmus. The most frequent forms of central vertigo with recurrent attacks are vestibular migraine and episodic ataxia type 2. Clinically relevant types of chronic or chronic progressive central vertigo are neurodegenerative disorders affecting the cerebellum which are often associated with cerebellar ocular motor dysfunction, in particular downbeat nystagmus. Treatments of choice for a prophylactic therapy of vestibular migraine are betablocker, topiramate or valproic acid. A new treatment option for episodic ataxia type 2 and downbeat nystagmus are aminopyridines (potassium channel blockers).How to cite this articleStrupp M, Brandt T. Central Vertigo. Otorhinolaryngol Clin Int J 2012;4(2):71-76.
Current Perspectives in the Pharmacotherapy of Vertigo
Authors: Singh Manmohan , Singh Kanchan Rao 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACTVertigo is a symptom encountered very commonly in clinical practice due to a disorder in the vestibular system. In addition to dizziness it is very often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Pharmacotherapy plays an important role in the management of vertigo. Vestibular suppressants and drugs to control nausea and vomiting constitute the mainstay of the pharmacotherapy of vertigo. Specific drug therapy can be given in patients where the underlying disease process causing the vertigo has been identified. Despite the availability of many classes of drugs, there are no definitive, universally accepted guidelines for the treatment of vertigo which makes it even more difficult to follow first-, second- and third-line therapies when treating patients. It is difficult to establish guidelines or a generally acceptable consensus in the treatment of vertigo due to the complexity of vertigo and lack of adequate randomized clinical studies.How to cite this articleSingh KR, Singh M. Current Perspectives in the Pharmacotherapy of Vertigo. Otorhinolaryngol Clin Int J 2012;4(2):81-85.
Clinical Research: Comprehension of the Patient Information Leaflet and the Consent Form
Authors: Shafiq Nusrat , Malhotra Samir 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT
Informed consent process is an integral component of conducting clinical research ethically. Prior to giving an informed consent to participate in clinical research, it is important that the participant has fully understood all the components of a patient information leaflet and the consent form. The issue of comprehension of informed consent form and patient information leaflet has acquired particular importance in view of research being carried out in developing countries and in vulnerable population. The present review addresss this issue by discussing the need for addressing comprehension of research process by the participant, the tools for assessing the same and various ways in which these tools have been used.

How to cite this article
Shafiq N, Malhotra S. Clinical Research: Comprehension of the Patient Information Leaflet and the Consent Form. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(3):122-125.
Ethical Issues in Prospective Studies in Children: The many Shades of Gray
Authors: Singh Meenu , LNU Madhusudan 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT
Children being a vulnerable, unique, yet heterogenous population, pose varied ethical questions in clinical research. These need to be actively recognized and addressed in order to strike the right balance between ‘individual’ good and 'societal’ good. Certain general principles which can be streamlined into guidelines specific for each population and study is the need of the hour.

How to cite this article
Singh M, Madhusudan. Ethical Issues in Prospective Studies in Children: The many Shades of Gray. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(3):126-128.
Research Output and Publications Impact of Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh (1999-2008)
Authors: Sharma RK , Thakur JS , Kumar Raj , Gupta BM , Baidwan Kiran , Goyal Adrash Bala 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT
This paper attempts to analyze the research activities of the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh as reflected in its 10 years cumulative (1999-2008) publications output covered in Scopus International multidisciplinary bibliographical database. The present study analyses the broad characteristics of 4,771 research papers published by the faculty members of PGIMER, Chandigarh by focusing on its publication growth characteristics, format and media of communication, research impact and quality, patterns of research collaboration, broad and narrow areas of research focus and characteristics of its high cited papers.

How to cite this article
Kumar R, Gupta BM, Thakur JS, Sharma RK, Baidwan K, Goyal AB. Research Output and Publications Impact of Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research Chandigarh (1999-2008). J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(3):129-137.
Epidemiological Pattern of Foot Injuries in India: Preliminary Assessment of Data from a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Dhillon Mandeep , Aggarwal Sameer , Jain Manuj , Dhatt Sarvdeep 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT
Foot injuries are an often disabling, especially when the diagnosis is delayed and treatment is inappropriate; this becomes significant in polytrauma where diagnosis maybe missed, and in young adults who are injured in the prime of life. No data on foot injury is available from India or any other developing country; we undertook a prospective 1 year study to evaluate incidence and epidemiology of foot injuries seen at our center. One hundred and thirty-four feet were injured in 1,765 patients, with 82% being males, and the average age being 30.8 years. Road accident was predominant cause (73.8%) in contrast to the published literature, with two-third being open injuries; 47% were polytrauma victims. The surgical delay averaged 3.14 days, reasons for which were multifactorial. This high incidence of foot injury (7.59%) in men in their most productive years assumes significance when residual disability occurs due to mismanagement. A high index of suspicion needs to be maintained in road accident victims and polytrauma cases, so that foot injury is not missed and treatment is not inordinately delayed.

How to cite this article
Dhillon MS, Aggarwal S, Dhatt S, Jain M. Epidemiological Pattern of Foot Injuries in India: Preliminary Assessment of Data from a Tertiary Hospital. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(3):144-147.
Immunological Response to Post-trauma Bone Remodeling
Authors: Srivastava RN , Singh Ajai , Ali Sabir , Verma NS 
Published: October 2012

ABSTRACT
Bone-related immunology (osteoimmunology) is an interdisciplinary translational research field combining orthopaedics and immunology. This review gives an in-depth knowledge in the relationship between the bone trauma and the corresponding changes in host immune system. It also summarizes the most recent developments occuring into this complex field. It has been found that osteoblasts play important role in the maintenance of the hematopoietic stem cell niche and in lymphocyte development as well as the functions of immune cells participating in osteoblast and osteoclast development. Various recent researches are directed to establish the role of cytokines, chemokines, transcription factors and costimulatory molecules, which are shared by both skeletal and immune systems. The understanding of this part of research may open new horizons in the management of bone trauma and that of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

How to cite this article
Singh A, Ali S, Srivastava RN, Verma NS. Immunological Response to Post-trauma Bone Remodeling. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2012;46(3):148-151.
Cryocompression Therapy after Elective Arthroplasty of the Hip
Authors: Leegwater Nick C. , Willems Jore H. , Brohet Richard , Nolte Peter A. 
Published: October 2012

Pneumatic compression and cryotherapy have been successfully being employed in the management of acute tissue damage. The Game Ready System (GRS) combines cyclic compression and cryotherapy. No randomised controlled trial has been performed on the effects of combined cyclic compression and cryotherapy in total hip arthroplasty (THA). We observed postoperative pain, morphine usage, blood loss, wound discharge, patient and medical staff satisfaction, together with the feasibility of a cryocompression machine, total hospital admission time, infection rate, deep vein thrombosis, and short-term prosthesis related problems in this context. Thirty patients, mean age 68 yrs (range 31–83 yrs) undergoing elective hip arthroplasty for end-stage osteoarthritis were included. Control patients (n = 15) received a tricot compression bandage alone, and patients studied received a tricot compression bandage plus intermittent cryocompression therapy 15 times for 30 minutes. Haemoglobin levels on postoperative day (POD) 1 dropped 2.34 mmol/L in the control group and 1.87 mmol/L in the intervention group (p = 0.027). At POD 3 haemoglobin levels were reduced by 2.63 and 2.16 respectively (p = 0.646). A trend occurred towards lower morphine usage, shorter hospital admission time and less wound discharge in the study group. No difference was found in postoperative pain scores. One event of deep venous thrombosis occurred in the control group. Intermittent cryocompression therefore appears to reduce postoperative blood loss. A trend towards less analgesic use, shorter hospital stay, less wound discharge and less pain at 6 weeks postoperatively was also observed.
Perspectivism, Mortuary Symbolism, and Human-Shark Relationships on the Maritime Peninsula
Authors: Betts Matthew W. , Blair Susan E. , Black David W. 
Published: October 2012

AbstractShark teeth are commonly found in mortuary and ritual contexts throughout the Northeast. On the Maritime Peninsula, shark teeth have been identified in mortuary assemblages spanning the Late Archaic through to the Late Woodland periods (ca. 5000 B.P. to 950 B.P.). Beyond the Maritime Peninsula, shark teeth have been recovered from Woodland period contexts ranging from Chesapeake Bay to the Ohio River. Amerindian perspectivism, or cosmológical deixis, provides a framework for understanding the relationship between humans and animals in hunter-gatherer societies. To explore this relationship, we examine engagements between sharks and humans over a period of 5,000 years, within a socioeconomic perspective. We postulate that shark teeth in mortuary contexts were complex, entangled objects that were both mnemonics and instruments. All at the same time, shark teeth were (1) an emblem of a real creature with spectacular predatory abilities, (2) an icon of transformational and spiritual power, (3) a symbol of a society’s maritime way of life, and (4) a tool–a conduit through which a person could gain access to supernatural abilities. When shark teeth were exchanged, all of these properties may have been transferred, suggesting that reinforcing relationships between societies conducting the exchange was as important as gaining access to the supernatural powers of the teeth.
Coalescent Communities: Settlement Aggregation and Social Integration in Iroquoian Ontario
Authors: Birch Jennifer 
Published: October 2012

AbstractThis paper explores processes of settlement aggregation among ancestral Huron-Wendat populations in south-central Ontario, Canada. During the fifteenth century A.D., numerous small communities came together, forming large, fortified village aggregates. In order to understand these processes a multiscalar analytical approach was combined with a conceptual framework emphasizing cross-cultural perspectives on coalescent societies, the archaeology of communities, and historical trajectories of societal change. Regional settlement data are presented to illustrate the movement and increasing size of settlements. In order to determine how individual coalescent communities were formed and maintained, a single village relocation sequence is examined in detail. This sequence illustrates how people constructed, inhabited, and negotiated domestic and public spaces in these new community aggregates. Detailed analyses of the occupational histories of these sites point to the creation of new community-based identities, corporate decision-making structures, and increasing social integration over time. The results of this study demonstrate that while settlement aggregation can be documented at the regional level, only detailed intrasite analyses can identify the small-scale changes in practice that reflect the lived experience of coalescence.