bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building Capacity for Quality: A Pilot Co-Learning Curriculum in Quality Improvement for Faculty and Resident Learners
Authors: Wong Brian M. , Goguen Jeannette , Shojania Kaveh G. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Despite a mandate to teach quality improvement (QI) to residents, many training programs lack faculty capacity to deliver a QI curriculum.

Objective
We piloted a co-learning curriculum in QI to train residents while simultaneously developing QI teachers. We evaluated the curriculum's acceptability and feasibility and its effect on faculty engagement in doing and teaching QI.

Methods
The curriculum involved 2 half-day, interactive sessions, a team-based QI project, and end-of-year project presentations. Key curriculum design principles included (1) residents and faculty co-attend all interactive sessions, (2) residents and faculty work together on team-based QI projects, and (3) QI projects align with divisional QI priorities. Using the Kirkpatrick framework for learner outcomes, we focused our program evaluation on Level 1 (satisfaction) and Level 2 (knowledge and skills acquisition) outcomes using year-end curriculum evaluations.

Results
Our study included 14 residents (70%) and 6 faculty members (30%). With respect to satisfaction (Kirkpatrick Level 1 outcome), 93% (13 of 14) of residents and 100% (6 of 6) of faculty participants rated the overall curriculum as “above average” or “outstanding.” Regarding faculty knowledge and skills acquisition (Kirkpatrick Level 2 outcomes), faculty self-rated their QI knowledge and interest in QI higher than their intent to incorporate QI into future practice and their comfort in teaching or supervising QI projects. All 5 faculty respondents (100%) rated the co-learning model for faculty development in QI as “above average” or “outstanding.”

Conclusions
Teaching QI to residents and faculty as co-learners is feasible and acceptable and offers a promising model for programs to teach QI to residents while concurrently building faculty capacity.
Safety and acceptability of tubal ligation procedures performed by trained clinical officers in rural Uganda
Authors: Gordon‐Maclean Cristin , Nantayi Lois K. , Quinn Heidi , Ngo Thoai D. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo assess safety associated with tubal ligation performed by trained clinical officers (COs) in rural Uganda.MethodsBetween March and June 2012, 518 women in 4 regions of Uganda were recruited into a prospective cohort study and followed at days 3, 7, and 45 after undergoing tubal ligation performed by a trained CO. Intraoperative and postoperative adverse events (minor, moderate, or major), and acceptability were assessed.ResultsMean age was 36 years (range, 20–49 years) and mean number of living children was 6.7 (range, 0–15). The overall rate of major adverse events was 1.5%: 0.4% intraoperatively; 1.9% at day 3; and 0.2% at day 7. The majority of women who underwent tubal ligation reported a good/very good experience at the facility (range, 94%–99%) and would recommend the health services to a friend (range, 93%–98%).ConclusionIn the present study, task sharing of tubal ligation to trained COs in private facilities was safe. Women reported high levels of satisfaction with the procedure. Training COs could be an effective strategy for expanding family‐planning services to rural Uganda.
COASSOCIATIVE LIE ALGEBRAS
Authors: WANG D.-G. , ZHANG J. J. , ZHUANG G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA coassociative Lie algebra is a Lie algebra equipped with a coassociative coalgebra structure satisfying a compatibility condition. The enveloping algebra of a coassociative Lie algebra can be viewed as a coalgebraic deformation of the usual universal enveloping algebra of a Lie algebra. This new enveloping algebra provides interesting examples of non-commutative and non-cocommutative Hopf algebras and leads to the classification of connected Hopf algebras of Gelfand–Kirillov dimension four in Wang et al. (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., to appear).
Childhood stressors in the development of fatigue syndromes: a review of the past 20 years of research
Authors: Borsini A. , Hepgul N. , Mondelli V. , Chalder T. , Pariante C. M. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundChronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM) are both highly prevalent conditions associated with extreme disability and with the development of co-morbid psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Childhood stressors have been shown to induce persistent changes in the function of biological systems potentially relevant to the pathogenesis of both CFS and FM, such as the inflammatory system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. In this review, we examined whether multiple forms of childhood stressors are contributing factors to the development of these disorders, and of the associated psychiatric symptoms.MethodUsing PubMed, we identified 31 papers relevant to this narrative review. We included cohort studies and case-control studies, without any exclusion in terms of age and gender. No study characteristics or publication date restrictions were imposed.ResultsMost studies across the literature consistently show that there is a strong association between experiences of childhood stressors and the presence of CFS and FM, with rates of CFS/FM being two- to three-fold higher in exposed than in unexposed subjects. We also found evidence for an increased risk for the development of additional symptoms, such as depression, anxiety and pain, in individuals with CFS and FM with a previous history of childhood stressors, compared with individuals with CFS/FM and no such history.ConclusionsOur review confirms that exposure to childhood stressors is associated with the subsequent development of fatigue syndromes such as CFS and FM, and related symptoms. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms underlying these associations.
Prioritizing highway defragmentation locations for restoring landscape connectivity
Authors: GURRUTXAGA MIKEL , SAURA SANTIAGO 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYTransport infrastructures are a major driver of global landscape change. In many areas, highways were built before environmental impact assessments required the implementation of wildlife crossing structures. A fundamental task in the development of ecological networks is identifying areas where dispersal pathways of vulnerable populations may be blocked or affected by high volume roads. Financial considerations may limit investment, thus it is vital to establish the relative contribution of each road defragmentation location to upholding habitat connectivity and availability. In this paper, recent methodological developments in habitat network analysis, derived from the probability of connectivity index, were refined and used to evaluate the role of each highway defragmentation location in restoring landscape connectivity. The forest protected area network in the Basque country (northern Spain) was selected as an illustrative case study. The proposed approach was able to quantify and effectively account for a combination of factors determining the contribution of each highway defragmentation location to upholding connectivity, which are rarely jointly considered in analyses oriented to support restoration decisions in landscapes affected by the barrier effect of transport infrastructures. The contribution to connectivity of each defragmentation location depended on its topological position in the landscape, on the relative decrease in the effective distance among habitat areas that results from the permeability restoration at that location, on the distance from the defragmentation location to other alternative wildlife crossing structures already existing in the landscape, on the amount of habitat in the areas connected by the linkages that run through the defragmentation location and on the dispersal abilities of the focal species.
Solvothermal synthesis of nano-sized skutterudite Co1−xNixSb3 powders
Authors: Li J.Q. , Zhang Z.P. , Luo R.M. , Ao W.Q. , Liu F.S. 
Published: October 2013

Nanostructuring is one of the effective approaches to lower the thermal conductivity of thermoelectric materials for improving its figure of merit. The nano-sized uniform skutterudite Co1−xNixSb3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.075, 0.125, 0.15, and 0.25) thermoelectric powders were synthesized in triethylene glycol solution by using CoCl2, NiCl2, and SbCl3 as precursors and NaBH4 as the reductant. Different synthesis conditions were studied to pursue pure and uniform skutterudite CoSb3 powders. The powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Experimental results show that a Ni-doped skutterudite Co1−xNixSb3 single phase was obtained at 290 °C for 12 h. The powders are spherical, small, and uniform. As x increases from 0 to 0.25, the unit-cell parameter a increases from 0.9044 to 0.9065 nm and the particle size increases from 10 to 30 nm.
Should “I” Be Avoided or Embraced? Exploring Divergence between Political Scientist and Student Writing Norms
Authors: Lascher Edward L. , Melzer Daniel 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPolitical science instructors commonly emphasize the importance of effective writing. However, it is unclear that students either understand or share the norms about what this entails. A notable example is the appropriate use of voice. Prior literature has shown that academic writers often believe it is appropriate to use the pronoun “I” for a variety of rhetorical purposes but suggests that students may be unaware of this reasoning. We examine this topic by determining more precisely how commonly “I” is used in a major political science journal, conducting a survey of political science undergraduate students at a large comprehensive university, and interviewing political science faculty at the same university. Although each group's attitudes are complex, we find evidence that students' views commonly conflict with disciplinary norms. We close by considering the implications for teaching about writing in political science.
Conflict and Commensuration: Contested Market Making inIndia's Private Real Estate Development Sector
Authors: Searle Llerena Guiu 
Published: October 2013

AbstractNewly constructed high‐rise housing and malls, soaring land prices and violent confrontations over land testify to the massive urban transformations underway inIndia today. Having secured an expanded role in urban development from the state, the private sector helps to shape urban restructuring; however, few scholars have studied private real estate development inIndia or revealed the factions that underlie an analytically unitary ‘private sector’. This article sheds light on private sector real estate industry members' efforts to develop an internationally familiar real estate market inIndia. Foreign investors and consultants have been collaborating withIndian real estate developers, who are now active intermediaries in the flow of capital intoIndia. Drawing on participant observation and data from interviews, this article finds, however, that foreign financiers andIndian developers struggle to form partnerships on account of differences on issues like land valuation. The outcome of such conflicts will define the contours ofIndian real estate development and its integration with international markets in the future.
Potential use of chitosan nanoparticles for oral delivery of DNA vaccine in black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii Bleeker to protect from Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Li L , Lin S‐L , Deng L , Liu Z‐G 
Published: October 2013

AbstractTo develop an effective and easy‐to‐administer vaccine against vibriosis of fish, the chitosan nanoparticles‐loaded DNA vaccine against Vibrio parahaemolyticus was studied. A DNA vaccine was constructed using the outer membrane protein K (ompK) gene of V. parahaemolyticus strain (OS4) and pEGFP‐N2, a eukaryotic expression vector, and the construct was named pEGFP‐N2‐OMPK (pDNA). The pDNA was encapsulated in chitosan particles (chitosan/pDNA). The effective diameter, mean diameter and polydispersity of the particles were 284.4 nm, 218.9 nm and 0.160, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the particles are dispersed as individual nanoparticles with spherical shape of around 200 nm and are homogeneously distributed. Encapsulation efficiency and loading percentage of nanoparticles were 91.5% and 2.08%, respectively. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) showed that RNA‐containing information of the ompK gene existed in mid‐intestine, liver, kidney and muscle 3 weeks after oral administration in black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegelii Bleeker. Expression of the reporter gene, green fluorescent protein (GFP), was observed in the above‐mentioned tissues by fluorescence microscopy. Expression of the ompK gene within 3 weeks evoked an immune response. Black seabream was protected from V. parahaemolyticus (OS4), with 72.3% relative percentage survival (RPS) 3 weeks post‐vaccination with chitosan/pDNA. The direct agglutination test indicated that oral administration with chitosan/pDNA induced an antibody immune response in fish against V. parahaemolyticus (OS4). Data obtained, here and in other related studies, suggest that chitosan nanoparticles are promising carriers for an oral pDNA vaccine.
Hopfological algebra
Authors: Qi You 
Published: October 2013

AbstractWe develop some basic homological theory of hopfological algebra as defined by Khovanov [Hopfological algebra and categorification at a root of unity: the first steps, Preprint (2006), arXiv:math/0509083v2]. Several properties in hopfological algebra analogous to those of usual homological theory of DG algebras are obtained.
Assumptio Mosis and the Eschatology of Despair
Authors: Farber Zev 
Published: October 2013

Assumptio Mosis is an early first-millennium Jewish work framed as a farewell discourse from Moses to Joshua. The work rewrites the ending section of Deuteronomy, and includes within it a prophecy describing events in the distant future, alternative or supplementary to the predictions offered in Deuteronomy proper. This new twist on Moses’s prophetic vision may derive from a certain despair faced by the community of which this author was a part, perhaps, as the article suggests, the Hadrianic persecution. According to this visionary re-interpretation of Deuteronomy, there is nothing for the Jews to do but suffer and wait for redemption until the world is undone and they leave it for a better place; an eschatology of defeat and despair, at least in this world.
Comprehensive analysis of RNA-seq data reveals the complexity of the transcriptome in Brassica rapa
Authors: Tong Chaobo , Wang Xiaowu , Yu Jingyin , Wu Jian , Li Wanshun , Huang Junyan , Dong Caihua , Hua Wei , Liu Shengyi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe speciesBrassica rapa(2n=20, AA) is an important vegetable and oilseed crop, and serves as an excellent model for genomic and evolutionary research inBrassicaspecies. With the availability of whole genome sequence ofB. rapa, it is essential to further determine the activity of all functional elements of theB. rapagenome and explore the transcriptome on a genome-wide scale. Here, RNA-seq data was employed to provide a genome-wide transcriptional landscape and characterization of the annotated and novel transcripts and alternative splicing events across tissues.ResultsRNA-seq reads were generated using the Illumina platform from six different tissues (root, stem, leaf, flower, silique and callus) of theB. rapaaccession Chiifu-401-42, the same line used for whole genome sequencing. First, these data detected the widespread transcription of theB. rapagenome, leading to the identification of numerous novel transcripts and definition of 5'/3' UTRs of known genes. Second, 78.8% of the total annotated genes were detected as expressed and 45.8% were constitutively expressed across all tissues. We further defined several groups of genes: housekeeping genes, tissue-specific expressed genes and co-expressed genes across tissues, which will serve as a valuable repository for future crop functional genomics research. Third, alternative splicing (AS) is estimated to occur in more than 29.4% of intron-containingB. rapagenes, and 65% of them were commonly detected in more than two tissues. Interestingly, genes with high rate of AS were over-represented in GO categories relating to transcriptional regulation and signal transduction, suggesting potential importance of AS for playing regulatory role in these genes. Further, we observed that intron retention (IR) is predominant in the AS events and seems to preferentially occurred in genes with short introns.ConclusionsThe high-resolution RNA-seq analysis provides a global transcriptional landscape as a complement to theB. rapagenome sequence, which will advance our understanding of the dynamics and complexity of theB. rapatranscriptome. The atlas of gene expression in different tissues will be useful for accelerating research on functional genomics and genome evolution inBrassicaspecies.
Predominance of Klebsiella pneumoniaeST14 carrying CTX-M-15 causing neonatal sepsis in Tanzania
Authors: Mshana Stephen E , Hain Torsten , Domann Eugen , Lyamuya Eligius F , Chakraborty Trinad , Imirzalioglu Can 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background

Klebsiella pneumoniae strains expressing ESBLs are a predominant cause of hospital acquired infections. Here we describe the molecular epidemiology of these isolates in a tertiary hospital in Tanzania, as potential pathogens for neonatal infections.

Methods
Between April 2009 and March 2010 all Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with phenotypic expression Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) were collected and characterized. Identification was done using in house biochemical tests in case of ambiguous results confirmation was done using API 20E. Susceptibility testing was determined using the disc diffusion method followed by specific PCR and sequencing to determine ESBL genes. Phylogenetic analysis, Pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Multi-Locus sequence typing (MLST) to PFGE clusters representative isolates were performed to determine clones of the isolates. Conjugation and hybridization were performed to determine the location of blaCTX-M-15 gene.

Results
A total of 92 non- repetitive ESBL producing K. pneumoniae representing 50.3% of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were characterized. These isolates were from blood 61 (66%), wound swab 13 (14%), urine 12 (13%) and pus 6 (7%) were analyzed. Most blood culture strains originated from neonatal unit 39/61(64%) and 22 (36%) of the blood culture isolates were from neonatal ICU. All isolates were resistant to gentamicin and 54% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Using a similarity index of 80%, the isolates were assigned to thirteen clusters based on PFGE patterns and contained sub-clusters with identical strains indicating clonal outbreaks. Cluster X5, X7 and X8, and X9 were grouped into ST48, ST14 and ST348 respectively. Based on gyrA PCR- RFLP phylogenetic analysis all isolates were grouped as KpI. The predominant ESBL allele detected was bla
CTX-M-15 which was found in 76% of isolates, followed by bla
TEM-104 (19%), bla
SHV-11 (3.2%) and bla
TEM-176 (2%). The bla
CTX-M-15 gene was located in multiple conjugative IncF plasmids ranging from 25 kb-485 kb in size.

Conclusion
The high prevalence of bla
CTX-M-15 observed among ESBL producing K. pneumoniae in Tanzania, is possibly due to the spread of a common IncFII 145 kb plasmid and of certain clones such as ST14 and ST48. Furthermore the 485 kb plasmid detected is the largest plasmid reported to carry bla
CTX-M-15 todate.
A quick and low-cost PCR-based assay for Candidaspp. identification in positive blood culture bottles
Authors: Xafranski Hemílio , Melo Analy SA , Machado Antonia M , Briones Marcelo RS , Colombo Arnaldo L 
Published: October 2013

Abstract

Background
Differences in the susceptibility of Candida species to antifungal drugs make identification to the species level important for clinical management of candidemia. Molecular tests are not yet standardized or available in most clinical laboratories, although such tests can reduce the time required for species identification, as compared to the conventional culture-based methods. To decrease laboratory costs and improve diagnostic accuracy, different molecular methods have been proposed, including DNA extraction protocols to produce pure DNA free of PCR inhibitors. The objective of this study was to validate a new format of molecular method, based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the rDNA gene amplification followed by sequencing, to identify common and cryptic Candida species causing candidemia by analyzing DNA in blood culture bottles positive for yeasts.

Methods
For DNA extraction, an “in-house” protocol based on organic solvent extraction was tested. Additional steps of liquid nitrogen incubation followed by mechanical disruption ensured complete cell lysis, and highly pure DNA. One hundred sixty blood culture bottles positive for yeasts were processed. PCR assays amplified the ITS region. The DNA fragments of 152 samples were sequenced and these sequences were identified using the GenBank database (NCBI). Molecular yeast identification was compared to results attained by conventional method.

Results
The organic solvent extraction protocol showed high reproducibility in regards to DNA quantity, as well as high PCR sensitivity (10 pg of C. albicans DNA and 95% amplification on PCR). The identification of species at the molecular level showed 97% concordance with the conventional culturing method. The molecular method tested in the present study also allowed identification of species not commonly implicated in human infections.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that our molecular method presents significant advantages over the conventional yeast culture identification method by providing accurate results within 24 hours, in contrast to at least 72 hours required by the automated conventional culture method. Additionally, our molecular method allowed the identification of mixed infections, as well as infections due to emergent fungal pathogens. This economical DNA extraction method developed in our laboratory provided high-quality DNA and 60% cost savings compared to commercial methods.