bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scalable temperature induced stress for the large-scale production of functionalized Bifidobacteria
Authors: Nguyen Huu Thanh , Razafindralambo Hary , Richel Aurore , Jacquet Nicolas , Evrard Pol , Antoine Patrice , Thonart Philippe , Delvigne Frank 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The application of sub-lethal stresses is known to be an efficient strategy to enhance survival of probiotic bacteria during drying processes. In this context, we previously showed that the application of heat stress upon the entry into stationary phase increased significantly the viability of Bifidobacterium bifidum. However, this heat shock has been considered only in small-scale bioreactor and no information is available for a possible scaling-up strategy. Five different operating scales (0.2, 2, 20, 200 and 2000 L) have thus been tested and the results showed that the viability of B. bifidum increases from 3.15 to 6.57 folds, depending on the scale considered. Our observations pointed out the fact that the heat stress procedure is scalable according to the main outcome, i.e., increases in cell viability, but other factors have to be taken into account. Among these factors, dissolved carbon dioxide seems to play a significant role, since it explains the differences observed between the test performed at laboratory scale and in industrial conditions.
A Structured Review Addressing the Use of Radiographic Measures of Alignment and the Definition of Acceptability in Patients with Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: Lalone Emily A. , Grewal Ruby , King Graham J. W. , MacDermid Joy C. 
Published: July 2015

Background Standard radiographs are routinely used in clinical care to characterize the severity of a distal radius fracture and to monitor patients following a distal radius fracture. The objective of this review was to describe the range and variability of radiographic measures described in the literature in patients following a distal radius fracture. Methods A structured literature review was conducted using the Embase and PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria included full-text publications which employed radiographic measures to examine 100 or more participants following a distal radius fracture. A standardized data extraction form was used to identify study design, fracture classification systems, the types of and definitions of radiographic measurements, and acceptability criteria following distal radius fractures. Results From an initial 263 studies, 31 studies were included in the final data extraction process. A narrative synthesis of the articles included in this review indicated that there was a set of commonly used radiographic measurements examined in patients with a distal radius fracture which included radial inclination, volar/dorsal tilt, intra-articular step/gap, and a measure of ulnar variance/radial shortening. While 52 % of studies referenced or published a standardized measurement technique, there was substantial variability in the actual description of each radiographic measurement performed. Conclusions Substantial variability in how radiographic measurements are defined in large clinical studies as seen in this review suggest a need for consensus on the assessment and interpretations of radiographic measures used in patients following a distal radius fracture. Guidelines for radiographic measures should be established to ensure consistency between research and treatment centers.
Single Seed Selection for Low Phytate Lines
Authors: AL‐Amery Maythem , Fukushige Hirotada , Hildebrand David 
Published: July 2015

AbstractMost seed phosphorus (P) is bound in phytate which is unavailable to monogastric animals depriving them of P and causing eutrophication from P in animal waste. It is valuable to reduce the phytate levels of seeds used for food and feed. Low phytate mutant seeds such as soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] MIPS (D‐myo‐inositol 3‐phosphate synthase) mutants have correspondingly increased inorganic phosphate (Pi). Measurement of seed Pi levels is an established technique for screening for low phytate mutants but to date it has not been performed non‐destructively from single seed samples. A protocol was developed greatly reducing the sample size thereby reducing the cost and time and saving a generation in the selection of low phytate mutant seeds based on the high Pi phenotype. Pi was extracted using 12.5 % trichloroacetic acid. Pi reacts with ammonium molybdate in acidic solution to form phosphomolybdic acid, which upon reduction with ascorbic acid produces an intensive blue color. This new technique was tested using 1–2 mg samples, 96‐well plates with 8 MIPS mutants (GM‐lpa‐TW1), 8 wild‐type and 8 seeds segregating for the MIPS mutation. Selection of low phytate mutant seeds based on the high Pi level measured via a colorimetric assay based on a reaction of extracted Pi with ammonium molybdate forming a blue color. This was confirmed by DNA analysis of seed chips. This protocol is applicable to many other crop seeds including corn, wheat, rice and sorghum.
Soybean Seed Quality Characteristics in Response to IndigenousBradyrhizobiumInoculation and N Fertilization in Kashmir–Pakistan
Authors: Rahim Nasir , Kaleem Abbasi M. , Hameed Sohail 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe objective of this study was to quantify changes in soybean seed quality characteristics in response to indigenousBradyrhizobiuminoculation and N fertilization applied under field conditions during the years 2009 and 2010. Seven indigenousBradyrhizobiumisolates were isolated from the different locations under the foothills of great Himalayas Rawalakot Kashmir, Pakistan. The field isolates were compared to a reference strain (exotic) TAL102, three N fertilizer rates and to an un‐inoculated control. The seed oil content, fatty acid composition, seed N, P and K concentration and seed N, P and K uptake were quantified.Bradyrhizobiuminoculation and N fertilization significantly increased oil content compared to the un‐inoculated control. The seed oil content varied between 16.2 and 21.5 %, highest in the seeds treated with indigenousBradyrhizobiumstrains NR22, NR25and NR35, and mainly composed of linoleic acid (47 %), and oleic acid (24 %). Inoculation and N fertilization both decreased the saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic) and increased unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic acid and oleic acid). The mineral nutrient content of N, P, and K and their accumulation in seed increased by 2–3‐fold compared to the corresponding control. IndigenousBradyrhizobiumstrains were able to generate the highest values for seed oil content (NR22, NR25, and NR35), unsaturated fatty acids, i.e. linoleic acid and oleic acid (NR25, and NR35) and N, P and K uptake (NR20, and NR22). There were noticeable differences among the treatments in terms of essential fatty acid, oil, and mineral nutrient content. The study demonstrates the potential benefits of using indigenousBradyrhizobiumstrains in order to achieve high quality soybean seeds that can be used as a balanced health product.
Review of Recent Lifecycle Assessments of Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Nealer R. , Hendrickson T. P. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
This paper synthesizes the most recent studies on the lifecycle of electric vehicles (EVs), summarizes the critical assumptions and inputs of the lifecycle assessments (LCAs), and discusses policy context affecting these assessments. The use phase represents the majority of environmental impacts for EVs, particularly in areas with more fossil fuel use in the electricity grid mix. Assumptions made in LCAs about electricity generation, vehicle lifetime, vehicle weight, and driving behavior greatly impact the resulting lifecycle energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of EVs. However, vehicle and battery considerations outside of vehicle use affect the lifecycle environmental performance of EVs as well. The battery manufacturing and end-of-life (EOL) technologies and processes are still being developed and researched, and manufacturing batteries has some uncertainties but is a large contributor to the manufacturing emissions of EVs. Recycling and second-life applications present an opportunity for increasing the value and lowering environmental impacts of EV batteries. Policies today help to get EVs on the road by reducing costs to own EVs, but more research and policies can be developed to improve the state of battery technology. Future policies focusing on battery manufacturing and EOL and a cleaner electricity grid can have the potential to reduce the environmental burden of EVs by encouraging recycling batteries, producing batteries more efficiently, and reducing emissions from the electricity grid.
A questionnaire survey on the management of Graves' orbitopathy in China: A comparison with Europe and Latin‐America
Authors: Xu Shu‐Hang , Li Xing‐Jia , Chen Guo‐Fang , Zheng Quan‐Xi , Yang Yu , Hu Yong‐Xin , Wang Kun , Liu Chao 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveManagement of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) continues to be a challenge to clinical endocrinologists. In the last few years, surveys on GO management have succeeded in elucidating trends in Europe and Latin America. To determine how endocrinologists in China assess and treat patients with GO and gain insight into how to make the management of this disease more uniform and standardized.MethodsBased on the questionnaire used in the European survey on GO, a questionnaire in China was drafted and circulated to the members of Chinese Society of Endocrinology (CSE) during the annual meeting.ResultsA total of 124 valid responses were analysed. Almost all respondents (94.4%) claimed that a multidisciplinary approach for GO management was valuable. Over 80% of the participants advocated the assessment of exophthalmometry, vision, visual fields by perimetry, eye movements, and fundoscopy. Glucocorticoids were preferred as the first‐line therapy by 92.7% of respondents, among them, 59.7% choose the intravenous route. The treatment strategy for GO with intravenous glucocorticoids therapy still remains debatable. Anti‐thyroid drugs (ATDs) were the most common choice (72.6%) for first‐line therapy of coexisting hyperthyroidism. Treatment options for GO were very similar among Chinese, Latin‐American and European respondents, whereas radioactive iodine and surgical treatment were more often indicated for co‐existing hyperthyroidism in China.ConclusionThe appropriate treatment for patients with GO is controversial even among thyroid specialists. Further training of thyroid specialists, easier access of patients to multidisciplinary centres and establishment of practice guidelines are required for the management of this condition in China.
Are There Associations Between Early Emotional Trauma and Anxiety Disorders? Evidence from a Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fernandes V. , Osório F.L. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies indicate a possible association between early emotional trauma (EET) and the development of anxiety disorders (ADs) in adult life. However, no previous studies have compiled the findings of such studies and analyzed their statistical significance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to determine possible associations between EET and three ADs (panic, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety disorders).MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, PsycInfo, and Scielo with no publication date limitations. A total of 2127 studies were found, 32 studies of which were selected for the systematic review and 13 studies of which were selected for the meta-analysis.ResultsHigh prevalence rates of different EETs were observed among the individuals with ADs (median: 18%–45%). The results of the meta-analysis indicated that individuals with EETs were 1.9- to 3.6-fold more likely to develop ADs compared with a control group of healthy individuals. Emotional traumas were the main risk factor for social anxiety disorder. However, no specific associations were found for the other ADs.ConclusionsEET is a risk factor for ADs, underscoring the importance of preventive measures to combat the development of these disorders. Moreover, the identification of EETs among patients with ADs is essential for implementing remedial measures to minimize the impact and damage arising from this association by decreasing the risk and severity of symptoms and to improve the response rate to treatment of ADs.
Longitudinal reference intervals for Doppler velocimetric parameters of the fetal renal artery correlated with amniotic fluid index among low‐risk pregnancies
Authors: Figueira Camilla O. , Surita Fernanda G. , Dertkigil Márcia S.J. , Pereira Simiran L. , Bennini João R. , Morais Sirlei S. , Cecatti José G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo establish longitudinal reference intervals for pulsatility index (PI) and systolic velocity (SV) of the fetal renal artery, and to evaluate their correlation with the amniotic fluid index (AFI).MethodsA prospective longitudinal study was conducted among women with low‐risk pregnancies who attended outpatient clinics at the University of Campinas Medical School, Brazil, at 16–19 weeks of pregnancy between April 1, 2008, and March 31, 2010. Doppler velocimetric measurements of the fetal renal artery and assessments of the AFI were undertaken at 4‐week intervals to 36 weeks, and every 2 weeks thereafter until delivery.ResultsA total of 63 women were enrolled. The PI of the fetal renal artery showed little variation during pregnancy, whereas SV values increased to 36–37 weeks of pregnancy and decreased thereafter. No correlations were found between the AFI and the fetal renal artery Doppler velocimetric parameters (P > 0.05 for all). The intraclass correlation coefficients for intra‐observer and inter‐observer variability indicated good reproducibility of SV, but the reproducibility of PI was lower.ConclusionsThe AFI did not correlate with fetal renal artery Doppler velocimetric measures among low‐risk pregnancies. However, investigations are needed among high‐risk pregnancies.
Immunohistochemical study of the canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal carcinoma and non-neoplastic mucosa
Authors: Ramos Rodrigo Felippe , Oshima Celina Tizuko Fujyiama , Gomes Thiago Simão , Mader Ana Maria Amaral Antonio , Alves Caio Dal Moro , Waisberg Jaques 
Published: July 2015

AbstractColorectal cancer is linked to several signaling pathways such as Wnt pathway. Our objective is to detect and verify the integrity of protein members of Wnt signaling pathway in colorectal carcinoma and non-neoplastic colorectal tissue. Sixty-four patients with colorectal carcinoma provided samples of colorectal neoplasia and non-neoplastic tissues, which were prepared in tissue microarray blocks and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. The primary antibodies used were Wnt-1, Wnt-2, Wnt-5a Frizzled-1, Frizzled-5 and axin. Immunoexpression of Wnt-2 protein was significantly lower in colorectal tumor tissue and axin protein immunoexpression was significantly higher in tumor tissue. There was no significant difference in the expression of Wnt-1, Wnt-5a, Frizzled-1 and Frizzled-5 proteins in both tissues. The higher expression of Wnt-2 protein in non-neoplastic colorectal tissue suggests the participation during the hyperproliferative stage of colorectal mucosa. The increased axin protein immunoexpression in colorectal tumor suggests a decrease in the formation of the β-catenin destructor complex.
Radiofrequency ablation assisted by real‐time virtual sonography for hepatocellular carcinoma inconspicuous under sonography and high‐risk locations
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Han , Chen Wei‐Ting , Lin Chen‐Chun , Teng Wei , Lin Shi‐Ming , Chiu Cheng‐Tang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRadiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an effective and real‐time targeting modality for small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). However, mistargeting may occur when the target tumor is confused with cirrhotic nodules or because of the poor conspicuity of the index tumor under ultrasonography (US). Real‐time virtual sonography (RVS) can provide the same reconstruction computed tomography images as US images. The aim of this study is to investigate the usefulness of RVS‐assisted RFA for HCCs that are inconspicuous or conspicuous under US. A total of 21 patients with 28 HCC tumors—divided into US inconspicuous and high‐risk subgroup (3 tumors in 3 patients), US inconspicuous and nonhigh‐risk subgroup (5 tumors in 4 patients), US conspicuous and high‐risk subgroup (16 tumors in 14 patients), and US conspicuous and nonhigh‐risk subgroup (4 tumors in 3 patients)—underwent RVS‐assisted RFA between May 2012 and June 2014 in our institution. The mean diameter of the nodules was 2.0 ± 1.1 cm. The results showed that the complete ablation rate is 87.5% (7/8) in the US undetectable group and 75% (15/20) in the US detectable group. A comparison between six tumors with incomplete ablation and 22 tumors with complete ablation showed higher alpha‐fetoprotein level (mean, 1912 ng/mL vs. 112 ng/mL) and larger tumor size (mean diameter, 26 mm vs. 16 mm) in the incomplete ablation nodules (both p < 0.05). In conclusion, RVS‐assisted RFA is useful for tumors that are difficult to detect under conventional US and may also be useful for tumors in high‐risk locations because it may prevent complication induced by mistargeting.
Dilated Virchow-Robin Space and Dopamine Transporter Imaging in the Striatum of Patients with Parkinsonism
Authors: Lee Dokyung , Hong Il Ki , Ahn Tae-Beom 
Published: July 2015

AbstractObjective: The radiological and clinical significance of a dilated Virchow-Robin space (dVRS) in the striatum (STR) remains unclear. We investigated the role of dVRS in STR on parkinsonism and dopamine transporter positron emission tomography (DaT-PET) findings. Methods: Patients with parkinsonism who underwent both brain magnetic resonance imaging and DaT-PET were included. Clinical status was evaluated by Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stage, Korean-Mini Mental Status Examination (K-MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Korea (MoCA-K), and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB). dVRS was assessed by semi-quantitative and quantitative scales in each of the three segments of STR (caudate nuclei, anterior and posterior putamen) and was expressed as a dVRS score. DaT-PET was qualitatively assessed as either normal or abnormal in each segment. The relationship between dVRS and DaT-PET abnormality (ab-DaT-PET) was designated in each segment as either concordant or discordant. A concordant segment was defined by the presence of dVRS with ab-DaT-PET [Concordance rate (CR)=number of concordant segments/number of concordant and discordant segments]. Results: Eleven patients were included. There was no significant correlation between the presence of dVRS and ab-DaT-PET. The mean CR was 0.39. CR was not significantly correlated with any clinical or neuroimaging scales. The dVRS score was significantly correlated with K-MMSE, MoCA-K, and FAB (r=−0.675, −0.847, and −0.868, respectively) but not with HY stage. Conclusion: dVRS in STR played no significant role on dopaminergic innervation revealed by DaT-PET and made little contribution to clinical parkinsonism; however, it was correlated with cognitive impairment.
Measurements of the ablation-front trajectory and low-mode nonuniformity in direct-drive implosions using x-ray self-emission shadowgraphy
Authors: Michel D.T. , Davis A.K. , Armstrong W. , Bahr R. , Epstein R. , Goncharov V.N. , Hohenberger M. , Igumenshchev I.V. , Jungquist R. , Meyerhofer D.D. , Radha P.B. , Sangster T.C. , Sorce C. , Froula D.H. 
Published: July 2015

Self-emission x-ray shadowgraphy provides a method to measure the ablation-front trajectory and low-mode nonuniformity of a target imploded by directly illuminating a fusion capsule with laser beams. The technique uses time-resolved images of soft x-rays (

${>}1$

keV) emitted from the coronal plasma of the target imaged onto an x-ray framing camera to determine the position of the ablation front. Methods used to accurately measure the ablation-front radius (

${\it\delta}R=\pm 1.15~{\rm\mu}\text{m}$

), image-to-image timing (

${\it\delta}({\rm\Delta}t)=\pm 2.5$

ps) and absolute timing (

${\it\delta}t=\pm 10$

ps) are presented. Angular averaging of the images provides an average radius measurement of

${\it\delta}(R_{\text{av}})=\pm 0.15~{\rm\mu}\text{m}$

and an error in velocity of

${\it\delta}V/V=\pm 3\%$

. This technique was applied on the Omega Laser Facility [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] and the National Ignition Facility [Campbell and Hogan, Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 41, B39 (1999)].
On steady non-breaking downstream waves and the wave resistance
Authors: Maklakov Dmitri V. , Petrov Alexander G. 
Published: July 2015

In this work we have obtained exact analytical formulae expressing the wave resistance of a two-dimensional body by the parameters of the downstream non-breaking waves. The body moves horizontally at a constant speed $c$in a channel of finite depth $h$. We have analysed the relationships between the parameters of the upstream flow and the downstream waves. Making use of some results by Keady & Norbury (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 70, 1975, pp. 663–671) and Benjamin (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 295, 1995, pp. 337–356), we have rigorously proved that realistic steady free-surface flows with a positive wave resistance exist only if the upstream flow is subcritical, i.e. the Froude number$\mathit{Fr}=c/\sqrt{gh}<1$. For all solutions with downstream waves obtained by a perturbation of a supercritical upstream uniform flow the wave resistance is negative. Applying a numerical technique, we have calculated accurate values of the wave resistance depending on the wavelength, amplitude and mean depth.
A NOTE ON SIMPLE ZEROS OF PRIMITIVE DIRICHLET -FUNCTIONS
Authors: SONO KEIJU 
Published: July 2015

In this paper, by using the theory of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces and the pair correlation formula constructed by Chandee et al. [‘Simple zeros of primitive Dirichlet $L$-functions and the asymptotic large sieve’, Q. J. Math.65(1) (2014), 63–87], we prove that at least 93.22% of low-lying zeros of primitive Dirichlet $L$-functions are simple in a proper sense, under the assumption of the generalised Riemann hypothesis.