bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Borderlands: developing character strengths for a knowmadic world
Authors: Hokanson Brad , Karlson Roger Wm. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe paper's aim is to highlight the value of non‐cognitive strengths such as creativity and grit. In a knowledge age, those aspects will be the distinguishing characteristics in a global work force and must be a goal of educational pursuits.Design/methodology/approachThe paper examines research supporting the inclusion of character strengths in education for a borderless global future.FindingsPresently, most education and work deals with information and data. Technology has made data/facts/information more accessible but less unique for any given learner, worker, or place. At the same time, education has focused on simple distribution of content, knowledge assessment, and testing instead of the development of rich knowledge and non‐cognitive skills. This can be seen in the reliance on testing and achievement, and, by and large, in a generation of students knowing “what” but not “how”, a generation less creative and more prone to set answers, a generation often lacking character strengths and less able to persevere in the face of challenge or failure.Research limitations/implicationsResearch must focus more intensely on the character strengths or non‐cognitive skills to better understand their relationship to learning and achievement. Methods of developing character strengths should be researched for efficacy. Correlation between various character strengths (such as creativity and persistence) and academic achievement should be broadly researched. This correlative research could support new methods and foci in education offering a broader, more inclusive direction in learning.Practical implicationsResearch has shown character strengths can be better developed in explicit class settings than through tacit methods. Previous research into strengths such as grit and perseverance could also lead to different participant selection for employment, enrollment, or to intervention programs. In a world where information travels around the world in the blink of an eye, in a borderless global future, education must metaphorically cross the cognitive border and begin to directly address that broader set of skills that are cherished but often do not seem to be taught. It is on the border between learning information – explicit knowledge – and affective, social, and behavioral skills where change must occur.Originality/valueThis paper addresses a need in education to examine and explicitly address non‐cognitive skills.
Limitless: becoming remarkable in the borderless economy
Authors: Kubik George H. 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how the emerging new economy is impacting the future of human capital development and the future of work.Design/methodology/approachA detailed review of the literature is used to profile the changing nature of work and work requirements in the emerging new economy. Recent trends and developments in human capital development and advancements in computer‐enhanced performanceware are combined with components of the traditional apprenticeship model. The resulting silicon‐based apprenticeship model is compared and contrasted with models of formal education, training, and apprenticeship.FindingsThe fast‐paced new economy is demanding greater performance from ever‐greater percentages of the world's population. New forms of hypercompetition demand the elimination of the long lead‐times that have traditionally existed between learning and doing. The proffered silicon‐based apprenticeship model is advanced as a development that is projected to jump‐start twenty‐first century learner/performers into on‐demand, world‐class, performance.Research limitations/implicationsSpeculative literature directed at the future of new economy work and workers is not cohesively linked to the literature of electronic performance enhancement, learning theory, and advancements in technology. This paper advances an approach for accelerating work performance and human capital development that may instigate future research in this area.Practical implicationsThis paper identifies the value of greatly accelerating the performance of workers in the emerging new economy, while simultaneously decreasing the existing time lag between learning and performance.Social implicationsThe ability to involve more individuals in the emerging new economy promises to increase both quality of life and standard of living for greater percentages of the global population.Originality/valueThe author asserts that silicon‐based apprenticeships are a necessary next step toward engaging more of the world's population in the new economy.
Ready for the future: the four principles of nomadic learning in organizations
Authors: Kramer An 
Published: May 2013

PurposeThis essay aims to develop a new concept of learning for organizations. Change concepts are used to explore and find principles of learning that make employees and their organizations ready for the ever changing reality. Considering the rapid and unexpected changes of today it makes them ready for the future of work.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is anticipatory, utilizing a dynamic knowledge development framework, combined with action research in the organization consultancy and training practice.FindingsThe article describes theory and practice of four principles of nomadic learning. It shows the connection with change theories and future of work research.Research limitations/implicationsHow to realize nomadic learning within organizations and in that way make that organization a learning company is a recommended topic for new research. The consequences for the way of structuring and organizing within organizations should be taken into account.Practical implicationsWhen nomadic learning is applied it will change the common practice of leadership development and organizational change programs.Social ImplicationsNomadic learning has the capacity to connect people from diverse backgrounds and functions. In that way it can cope with risks of isolation and exclusion.Originality/valueThe combination of philosophic conceptualization and experienced practice makes this article special. This is simultaneously the way to “do” nomadic learning.
Heart failure in hospitalized patients with diabetic foot ulcers: Clinical characteristics and their relationship with prognosis (糖尿病足溃疡住院患者的心衰：临床特点以及它们与预后的关系)
Authors: Xu Lei , Qian Hongjie , Gu Junyi , Shi Jianyuan , Gu Xueming , Tang Zhengyi 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundIn the present study we: (i) evaluated the incidence of heart failure (HF) in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU); and (ii) investigated the relationship between the clinical characteristics in these patients and prognosis.MethodsThe clinical characteristics of 330 consecutive Chinese patients (137 men, 193 women) hospitalized for DFU were collected and assessed to determine the effects of HF on DFU. All patients were followed for 3 months and rates of healing, the development of new ulcers, amputations, and mortality were calculated at the end of the follow‐up period.ResultsHeart failure was present in 64.3% of patients with DFU, with the prevalence of HF increasing with Wagner grade from Wagner 1 through to Wagner 5 (42.4%, 59.1%, 64.7%, 73.3%, and 87.0%, respectively), higher than the 33.6% prevalence in diabetic patients without DFU (Wagner 0). The presence of HF conferred a greater increased relative risk of a worse prognosis. The 3‐month healing rates of DFU in patients with and without HF were 60.3% and 75.7%, respectively. Recurrence (13.2% vs 7.5%) and amputations (28.6% vs 20.0%) were more frequent in patients with than without HF (P < 0.05). All‐cause mortality was recorded for 14 of 126 patients with HF compared with three of 70 patients without HF (11.1% vs 4.3%, respectively; P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe prevalence of HF is high in Chinese inpatients with DFU, with the presence of HF indicating a worse prognosis for these patients.
Can radiological changes in lymph node volume during treatment predict success of radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma?
Authors: Mishra Sanju , Hammond Alexander , Read Nancy , Venkatesan Varagur , Winquist Eric , Nichols Anthony , Warner Andrew , Palma David 
Published: May 2013

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of nodal response after radiotherapy (RT) for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is difficult, as both CT and positron emission tomography scanning have limited predictive value for residual disease. We sought to measure changes in nodal volume during RT to determine whether such changes are predictive of nodal disease control.MethodsPatients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with 70 Gy of radical RT (±chemotherapy or anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibodies) were eligible. Baseline pre‐RT scans and cone‐beam CT scans done at the outset of treatment and at weeks 3, 5 and 7 (cone‐beam CTs # 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively) were deformably coregistered, and 3D nodal volumes were measured.ResultsThirty‐eight eligible patients were identified. The main primary tumour site was oropharyngeal; most patients had stage IVa disease. Twenty‐seven patients received concurrent platinum‐based chemotherapy, 10 received only an EGFR inhibitor with RT and one received RT alone. Twelve patients had a failure in the neck. After week 1 of treatment, a 4% mean decrease in nodal volume was observed, increasing to 40% at week 7. Platinum‐based chemotherapy achieved significantly greater decreases in nodal volume than EGFR inhibitors (44 vs. 25%; P = 0.026). Advanced tumour stage predicted neck failure (P = 0.002), but nodal volumes did not correlate with neck control.ConclusionsChanges in nodal volume are minimal initially during RT but accelerate during the latter weeks of therapy. This study suggests that chemotherapy achieves a greater decrease in nodal volume than EGFR inhibitors and that nodal changes do not predict disease control in the neck.
High‐powered percutaneous microwave ablation of stage I medically inoperable non‐small cell lung cancer: A preliminary study
Authors: Liu Howard , Steinke Karin 
Published: May 2013

AbstractPurposeTo retrospectively evaluate the feasibility and outcome of using high‐powered percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) in treating medically inoperable early stage non‐small cell lung cancer.Materials and MethodsFrom November 2010 to June 2012, 15 patients underwent CT‐guided MWA of 15 tumours in 16 sessions. One patient had a second ablation session for local tumour progression. Each tumour had a diameter of 40 mm or less (median 24 mm). Treatment outcome was evaluated using modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumours criteria based on follow‐up contrast‐enhanced CT studies and 18‐F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scans.ResultsThirty‐three ablation cycles of 15 tumours were performed in 16 sessions (2.1 per session), with a median duration of 2.5 min per ablation. Treatment was completed in all cases with no 30‐day mortality. At a median follow‐up period of 1 year, local progression was identified following 5/16 (31%) ablation sessions. Eleven out of 16 (69%) of MWAs had shown local treatment response, with 9/11 displaying complete response and 2/11 displaying partial response. Local progression on follow up was predominantly seen in pleural‐based tumours that were greater than 30 mm in longest axial diameter (4/5 cases). The main adverse event was a pneumothorax, which occurred in 10/16 (63%) of procedures, but a chest tube was only required in 2/16 (13%) cases.ConclusionPercutaneous MWA in early stage non‐small cell lung cancer is well tolerated and has promising midterm outcomes.
Implementation of shared decision making in anaesthesia and its influence on patient satisfaction
Authors: Flierler W. J. , Nübling M. , Kasper J. , Heidegger T. 
Published: May 2013

SummaryThere is a lack of data about the implementation of shared decision making in anaesthesia. To assess patients' preference to be involved in medical decision making and its influence on patient satisfaction, we studied 197 matched pairs (patients and anaesthetists) using two previously validated questionnaires. Before surgery, patients had to decide between general vs regional anaesthesia and, where appropriate, between conventional postoperative pain therapy vs catheter techniques. One hundred and eighty‐six patients (94%) wished to be involved in shared decision making. One hundred and twenty‐two patients (62%) experienced the exact amount of shared decision making that they wanted; 44 (22%) were slightly more involved and 20 (10%) slightly less involved in shared decision making than they desired. Preferences regarding involvement in shared decision making were similar between patients and anaesthetists with mean (SD) points of 54.1 (16.2) vs 56.4 (27.6) (p = 0.244), respectively on a 0–100 scale; however, patients were found to have a stronger preference for a totally balanced shared decision‐making process (65% vs 32%). Overall patient satisfaction was high: 88% were very satisfied and 12% satisfied with a mean (SD) value of 96.1 (10.6) on a 0–100 scale. Shared decision making is important for providing high levels of patient satisfaction.
Evaluation of oxygen concentrators for use in countries with limited resources
Authors: Peel D. , Neighbour R. , Eltringham R. J. 
Published: May 2013

SummarySeven different models of oxygen concentrators were purchased. The manufacturer's data were evaluated by a ranking method for operation at high temperature and high relative humidity, power consumption, warranty and cost. Measurements were then made of the oxygen concentration produced at maximum operating temperature. All the concentrators were CE marked and claimed compliance with the relevant Standard ISO 8359:1996. Only two models complied with their specification. On examination of the concentrators and the accompanying documents we found that compliance with 61 points listed in ISO 8359 ranged from 85% to 98%. Oxygen concentration was measured with the machines running simultaneously under both high temperature and high humidity. All models delivered low oxygen concentrations at 40 °C and 95% relative humidity. Only two models delivered > 82% at 35 °C and 50% relative humidity. Concentrators intended for use in countries with limited resources should be evaluated before they are purchased, by independent experts, using the methods described herein.
Enteric gram‐negative bacilli suppress Candida biofilms on Foley urinary catheters
Authors: Samaranayake Y. H. , Bandara H. M. H. N. , Cheung B. P. K. , Yau J. Y. Y. , Yeung S. K. W. , Samaranayake L. P. 
Published: May 2013

Mixed Candida‐bacterial biofilms in urinary catheters are common in hospitalized patients. (i) The aims of this study were to evaluate, quantitatively and qualitatively, the in vitro development of mono‐ and dual‐species biofilms (MSBs and DSBs) of Candida albicans and two enteric gram‐negative bacilli (EGNB; Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli) on Foley catheter (FC) discs, (ii) to determine the biofilm growth in tryptic soy broth or glucose supplemented artificial urine (AU) and (iii) to assess the inhibitory effects of EGNB and their lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on Candida biofilm growth. The growth of MSBs and DSBs on FC discs was monitored by cell counts and SEM. The metabolic activity of LPS‐treated Candida biofilms was determined by the XTT reduction assay. Candida albicans and EGNB demonstrated significant inter‐ and intra‐species differences in biofilm growth on FC discs (p < 0.01). Pseudomonas aeruginosa suppressed Candida albicans significantly (p < 0.001) in DSBs. Compared with MSBs, DSB of EGNB in glucose supplemented AU demonstrated robust growth. Escherichia coli and its LPS, significantly suppressed Candida biofilm growth, compared with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its LPS (p < 0.001). Candida albicans and EGNB colonization in FC is significantly increased in AU with glucose, and variably modified by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their corresponding LPS.
Colon cancer: association of histopathological parameters and patients' survival with clinical presentation
Authors: Alexiusdottir Kristin K. , Snaebjornsson Petur , Tryggvadottir Laufey , Jonasson Larus , Olafsdottir Elinborg J. , Björnsson Einar Stefan , Möller Pall Helgi , Jonasson Jon G. 
Published: May 2013

Available data correlating symptoms of colon cancer patients with the severity of the disease are very limited. In a population‐based setting, we correlated information on symptoms of colon cancer patients with several pathological tumor parameters and survival. Information on all patients diagnosed with colon cancer in Iceland in 1995–2004 for this retrospective, population‐based study was obtained from the Icelandic Cancer Registry. Information on symptoms of patients and blood hemoglobin was collected from patients' files. Pathological parameters were obtained from a previously performed standardized tumor review. A total of 768 patients entered this study; the median age was 73 years. Tumors in patients presenting at diagnosis with visible blood in stools were significantly more likely to be of lower grade, having pushing border, conspicuous peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration, and lower frequency of vessel invasion. Patients with abdominal pain and anemia were significantly more likely to have vessel invasion. Logistic regression showed that visible blood in stools was significantly associated with protecting pathological factors (OR range 0.38–0.83, p < 0.05). Tumors in patients presenting with abdominal pain were strongly associated with infiltrative margin and scarce peritumoral lymphocytic infiltration (OR = 1.95; 2.18 respectively, p < 0.05). Changes in bowel habits were strongly associated with vessel invasion (OR = 2.03, p < 0.05). Cox regression showed that blood in stools predicted survival (HR = 0.54). In conclusion, visible blood in stools correlates significantly with all the beneficial pathological parameters analyzed and with better survival of patients. Anemia, general symptoms, changes in bowel habits, acute symptoms, and abdominal pain correlate with more aggressive tumor characteristics and adverse outcome for patients.
Resistance to BH3 mimetic S1 in SCLC cells that up‐regulate and phosphorylate Bcl‐2 through ERK1/2
Authors: Liu Yubo , Zhang Zhichao , Song Ting , Liang Furong , Xie Mingzhou , Sheng Hongkun 
Published: May 2013

Background and PurposeB cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) is a central regulator of cell survival that is overexpressed in the majority of small‐cell lung cancers (SCLC) and contributes to both malignant transformation and therapeutic resistance. The purpose of this work was to study the key factors that determine the sensitivity of SCLC cells to Bcl‐2 homology domain‐3 (BH3) mimetic S1 and the mechanism underlying the resistance of BH3 mimetics.Experimental ApproachesWestern blot was used to evaluate the contribution of Bcl‐2 family members to the cellular response of SCLC cell lines to S1. Acquired resistant cells were derived from initially sensitive H1688 cells. Quantitative PCR and gene silencing were performed to investigate Bcl‐2 up‐regulation.Key ResultsA progressive increase in the relative levels of Bcl‐2 and phosphorylated Bcl‐2 (pBcl‐2) characterized the increased de novo and acquired resistance of SCLC cell lines. Furthermore, acute treatment of S1 induced Bcl‐2 expression and phosphorylation. We showed that BH3 mimetics, including S1 and ABT‐737, induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and then activated MAPK/ERK pathway. The dual function of MAPK/ERK pathway in defining BH3 mimetics was illustrated; ERK1/2 activation leaded to Bcl‐2 transcriptional up‐regulation and sustained phosphorylation in naïve and acquired resistant SCLC cells. pBcl‐2 played a key role in creating resistance of S1 and ABT‐737 not only by sequestrating pro‐apoptotic proteins, but also sequestrating a positive feedback to promote ERK1/2 activation.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese results provide significant novel insights into the molecular mechanisms for crosstalk between ER stress and endogenously apoptotic pathways in SCLC following BH3 mimetics treatment.
Human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 non‐structural proteins: Requirements for latent infection
Authors: Fukumoto Risaku 
Published: May 2013

It has been more than 30 years since the discovery of human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV‐1), the first human retrovirus identified. Human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 infects 15–20 million people worldwide causing two major diseases: adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV‐1‐associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. Human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 establishes several decades of latent infection, during which viral–host interaction determines disease segregation. This review highlights non‐structural proteins that are encoded on the viral genome and manage latent infection. Latent infection is a key in HTLV pathology, so that effective inhibition of these proteins might lead to successful disease management.
Practical Implications of Understanding the Influence of Motivations on Commitment to Voluntary Urban Conservation Stewardship
Authors: ASAH STANLEY T. , BLAHNA DALE J. 
Published: May 2013

AbstractAlthough the word commitment is prevalent in conservation biology literature and despite the importance of people's commitment to the success of conservation initiatives, commitment as a psychological phenomenon and its operation in specific conservation behaviors remains unexplored. Despite increasing calls for conservation psychology to play a greater role in meeting conservation goals, applications of the psychological sciences to specific conservation behaviors, illustrating their utility to conservation practice, are rare. We examined conservation volunteers’ motivations and commitment to urban conservation volunteering. We interviewed key informant volunteers and used interview findings to develop psychometric scales that we used to assess motivations and commitment to volunteer. We surveyed 322 urban conservation volunteers and used factor analysis to reveal how volunteers structure their motivations and commitment to volunteer for urban conservation activities. Six categories of motivations and 2 categories of commitment emerged from factor analysis. Volunteers were motivated by desires to help the environment, defend and enhance the ego, career and learning opportunities, escape and exercise, social interactions, and community building. Two forms of commitment, affective and normative commitment, psychologically bind people to urban conservation volunteerism. We used linear‐regression models to examine how these categories of motivations influence volunteers’ commitment to conservation volunteerism. Volunteers’ tendency to continue to volunteer for urban conservation, even in the face of fluctuating counter urges, was motivated by personal, social, and community functions more than environmental motivations. The environment, otherwise marginally important, was a significant motivator of volunteers’ commitment only when volunteering met volunteers’ personal, social, and community‐building goals. Attention to these personal, social, and community‐building motivations may help enhance volunteers’ commitment to conservation stewardship and address the pressing challenge of retaining urban conservation volunteers.Implicaciones Prácticas del Entendimiento de la Influencia de Motivaciones sobre el Compromiso de Voluntarios de Conservación Urbana Asah & Blahna