bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DFS70 antibodies – biomarkers for the exclusion of ANA-associated autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Authors: Conrad Karsten , Röber Nadja , Rudolph Sebastian , Mahler Michael 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Despite the progress in the establishment of specific autoantibody assays, screening for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells for quality-oriented laboratory diagnosis of ANA associated rheumatic diseases (AARD) remains indispensable. Research results on the relevance of the dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern and DFS70 antibodies disclosed novel possibilities to optimize the serological stepwise diagnostics of AARD. The DFS pattern on HEp-2 cells is well differentiated from the classic “homogeneous” ANA pattern associated with dsDNA antibodies. In DFS pattern positive sera the most important detectable ANA specificity is the DFS70 antibody (synonym LEDGF antibody). This antibody is also the most frequent ANA specificity in ANA positive healthy persons. The prevalence of DFS70 antibodies in AARD patients is significantly lower compared with the prevalence in ANA-positive healthy individuals. There is a negative association between DFS70 antibodies and AARD, especially if no concomitant AARD-specific autoantibodies are found. Isolated DFS70 antibodies are detectable in <1% of AARD, but are detectable in 5%–11% of healthy individuals. In the presence of an isolated DFS70 antibody, the posttest probability for AARD is reduced significantly. DFS70 antibodies are valuable novel biomarkers for the improved interpretation of positive ANA but without detectable AARD associated autoantibodies and should be integrated in modified test algorithms to avoid unnecessary referrals and examinations of ANA-positive subjects.
Die Weimarer Militärbibliothek 1630 bis 1930 – klassische Ordnungsvorstellungen vom Krieg
Authors: Barnert Arno 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
During the World Wars, almost all German military libraries were destroyed or suffered heavy losses. One of the rare collections to have survived in its original form is the Weimar military library at the Duchess Anna Amalia Library. It was established about 1630 with books seized by Duke Bernard of Saxe-Weimar in the Thirty Years’ War. After 1787, when Duke Carl August of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach took command of a Prussian regiment, the collection grew rapidly. Originally a department of the main library, it was separated from it in 1804. During the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars, the Weimar military library became a space of universal knowledge: apart from books, it also contained maps, globes, manuscripts and models of fortifications, holding about 15,000 items altogether. After Prussia’s defeat by Napoleon, Weimar was a social and literary centre for the military reformers of 1807-1813 who used and influenced the library. Since 1824, the collection has been kept in the library’s medieval tower. The shelving system goes back to ideas of Carl August and Johann Wolfgang Goethe. The collection is not limited to military literature, but is encyclopaedic in nature.
‘Switch-on’ DNA sensor based on poly (p-phenylene vinylenes) bound tentacle probes
Authors: Gulur Srinivas Anupama R. , Barker David , Travas-Sejdic Jadranka 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The development of highly sensitive and selective DNA sensors has fuelled applications in a wide range of fields including medical diagnostics, forensics, biodefense, food contamination and environment monitoring. We demonstrate a novel superquenching based DNA sensor with “switch-on” readout using poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) coated magnetic beads (PPV-MagSi) and quencher functionalized tentacle probes (TP). The sensor design utilizes signal amplification properties of PPV and cooperativity of TPs to monitor hybridization of target oligonucleotides (ONs). The switch-on sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity and selectively discriminates mismatches in the target DNA sequence. Two novel anionic PPVs – poly (6,6′-((2-methyl-5-((E)-4-((E)-prop-1-en-1-yl)styryl)-1,4-phenylene)-bis(oxy) dihexanoic acid) (PMDH) and poly (6,6′-((2-((E)-2,5-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)-4-((E)-prop-1-en-1-yl)styryl)-5-methyl-1,4-phenylene)-bis-(oxy)) di-hexanoic acid) (PDMonoG) were tested and compared against each other as part of the sensor design. The employed hairpin TPs possess further advantages of avoiding labelling of target ON, increased selectivity and sensitivity; faster assay time, and capability of magnetically controlled deployment and separation of PPV-MagSi beads.
Neutron activation analysis of polyethylene from neutron shield of EDELWEISS experiment
Authors: Rakhimov Alimardon V. , Brudanin Viktor B. , Filosofov Dmitry V. , Loaiza Pia , Marinov Genko M. , Mirsagatova Adiba A. , Medvedev Dmitriy , Mukhamedshina Nuranya M. , Rozov Sergey V. , Sadikov Ilkham I. , Warot Guillaume , Yakushev Evgeniy A. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Instrumental neutron-activation analysis (INAA) was applied to estimate trace contaminations in polyethylene (PE) used as a neutron
shield for low background setup of the EDELWEISS Dark Matter search experiment. PE samples with masses of 1–10 grams each
were irradiated at the WWR-SM nuclear reactor by neutron flux of 1 · 1014 n/(cm2 s) for 5–48 h. The
radioactivity was measured by high-resolution γ-ray spectrometry. In PE samples of two types, more than 30 trace
elements were determined at a concentration level of 10−5 to 10
–11 g/g.
A Commitment Mechanism to Eliminate Willful Contract Litigation
Authors: Jacobi Osnat , Sher Noam 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper concerns companies that sell commodities and are in their initial stages of formation and growth. Such companies will often face severe difficulties due to the banking system’s unwillingness to finance their activities before they are able to develop sufficient credit histories. When faced with a loss contract, such a company may prefer to breach and litigate simply in order to gain time before having to pay off its debt, thereby preventing immediate insolvency. We have designed a new financial tool to eliminate this incentive to willfully litigate. Under this mechanism, the seller undertakes an obligation to pay a bank the amount of the buyer’s damages if the seller does not deliver the good on delivery day in accordance with the contract and law. The bank, in turn, undertakes to pay the buyer the amount of her damages if received by the bank. The effect of this mechanism is to shift the buyer’s entitlement to the bank. This increases the seller’s cost of willful litigation: if the seller chooses to breach he will prefer paying the buyer’s damages to the bank in order to avoid any indication of default on the bank’s records, since such an indication will affect his credit rating and access to financial markets in the future. In addition, the mechanism gives the seller an incentive to breach the contract if and only if the contract becomes ex-post inefficient. We also demonstrate ex-ante benefits from the mechanism: by eliminating the risk of willful litigation, established buyers may be willing to raise the contract price, thereby increasing the probability of newcomers’ survival. The mechanism also enables the banking system to screen new companies according to their quality, and use their contracts as collateral. Ultimately, this can result in the newcomer achieving financial stability earlier.
Effect of Ambient Temperature on Pacing in Soccer Depends on Skill Level
Authors: Link Daniel , Weber Hendrik 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Link, D and Weber, H. Effect of ambient temperature on pacing in soccer depends on skill level. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1766–1770, 2017—This study examines the influence ambient temperature has on the distances covered by players in soccer matches. For this purpose, 1,211 games from the top German professional leagues were analyzed over the course of the seasons 2011/12 and 2012/13 using an optical tracking system. Data show (a) significant differences in the total distance covered (TDC, in meters per 10 minutes) between the 1. Bundesliga (M = 1,225) and 2. Bundesliga (M = 1,201) and (b) a significant decrease in TDC from neutral (−4 to 13° C, M = 1,229) to warm (≥14° C, M = 1,217) environments. The size of the temperature effect is greater in the 1. Bundesliga (d = 0.30 vs. d = 0.16), although these players presumably have a higher level of fitness. This suggests that better players reduce their exertion level to a greater extent, thus preserving their ability to undertake the high-intensity activities when called upon. No reduction in running performance due to cold (≤5° C) temperatures was observed.
The Influence of Morphology on the Charge Transport in Two-Phase Disordered Organic Systems
Authors: Woellner Cristiano F. , Machado Leonardo D. , Autreto Pedro A. S. , Freire José A. , Galvão Douglas S. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work we use a three-dimensional Pauli master equation to investigate the charge carrier mobility of a two-phase system, which can mimic donor-acceptor and amorphous-crystalline bulk heterojunctions. Our approach can be separated into two parts: the morphology generation and the charge transport modeling in the generated blend. The morphology part is based on a Monte Carlo simulation of binary mixtures (donor/acceptor). The second part is carried out by numerically solving the steady-state Pauli master equation. By taking the energetic disorder of each phase, their energy offset and domain morphology into consideration, we show that the carrier mobility can have a significant different behavior when compared to a one-phase system. When the energy offset is non-zero, we show that the mobility electric field dependence switches from negative to positive at a threshold field proportional to the energy offset. Additionally, the influence of morphology, through the domain size and the interfacial roughness parameters, on the transport was also investigated.
Glass Corrosion in the Presence of Iron-Bearing Materials and Potential Corrosion Suppressors
Authors: Reiser Joelle , Neill Lindsey , Weaver Jamie , Parruzot Benjamin , Musa Christopher , Neeway James , Ryan Joseph , Qafoku Nikolla , Gin Stéphane , Wall Nathalie A. 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACTA complete understanding of radioactive waste glass interactions with near-field materials is essential for appropriate nuclear waste repository performance assessment. In many geologic repository designs, Fe is present both in the natural environment and in the containers that will hold the waste glasses. In this paper we discuss investigations of the alteration of International Simple Glass (ISG) in the presence of Fe0 foil and hematite (Fe2O3). Based on solid analysis, ISG alteration is more pronounced in the presence of Fe0 than with hematite. Additionally, typical glass corrosion is observed for distances of 5 mm between Fe materials and ISG, but incorporation of Fe in the alteration layer is only observed for systems exhibiting full contact between Fe0 material and ISG. Solution analysis results indicate that diatomaceous earth minimizes corrosion to a larger extent than fumed silica does when present with iron and ISG.
Teacher Education and the Politics of Engagement: The Case for Democratic Schooling
Authors: Giroux Henry , McLaren Peter 
Published: May 2015

Henry A. Giroux and Peter McLaren argue that many of the recently recommended public-school reforms either sidestep or abandon the principles underlying education for a democratic citizenry developed by John Dewey and others in the early part of this century. Yet, Giroux and McLaren believe that this historical precedent suggests a way of reconceptualizing teaching and public schooling which revives the values of democratic citizenship and social justice. They demonstrate that teachers, as "transformative intellectuals," can reclaim space in schools for the exercise of critical citizenship via an ethical and political discourse that recasts,in emancipatory terms, the relationships between authority and teacher work, and schooling and the social order. Moreover, the authors outline a teacher education curriculum that links the critical study of power, language, culture, and history to the practice of a critical pedagogy, one that values student experience and student voice.
In presenting this essay, the editors of HER hope to initiate a dialogue that will continue in the November special issue, "Teachers, Teaching, and Teacher Education." We believe that Giroux and McLaren's provocative ideas serve well to usher in this discussion; they remind us also of the complexity of the issues which we as educators and as students confront in attempting to promote progressive forms of social, political, and intellectual life.
The Palestinian Uprising and Education for the Future
Authors: Mahshi Khalil , Bush Kim 
Published: May 2015

From the time of the Ottoman Turks, Palestinians have been educated under systems imposed by outsiders. Since the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, the situation has been exacerbated by the combination of an Israeli civil and military authority and a Jordanian curriculum. The intifadeh (uprising), which began in December 1987 and continues today, has challenged the Israeli occupation and all its institutions. All educational establishments have been subject to frequent closures by military authorities, forcing Palestinians to reexamine their present system of education, and to look for both short- and long-term alternatives.
Khalil Mahshi and Kim Bush review the current educational system in the West Bank and Gaza, and analyze the intifadeh as a catalyst for educational change. They examine informal, community-based education; alternative modes of instruction designed to bypass closures but still using the existing system and textbooks; and long-term planning as part of the nation-building process. They argue that the intifadeh has created a giant educational laboratory, which challenges conservative educators to start afresh. They restate that challenge clearly, encouraging debate among educators in Palestine and in the international educational community.
Learning to Teach against the Grain
Authors: Cochran-Smith Marilyn 
Published: May 2015

Can prospective teachers learn to be both educators and activists, to regard themselves as agents for change, and to regard reform as an integral part of the social, intellectual, ethical,and political activity of teaching? In this article, Marilyn Cochran-Smith argues that a powerful way for student teachers to learn to reform teaching, or what she refers to as teaching against the grain, is to work in the company of experienced teachers who are themselves struggling to be reformers in their own classrooms, schools, and communities.
Cochran-Smith analyzes two approaches to preparing preservice teachers to teach against the grain, proposing that differences between them can be understood as the result of different underlying assumptions about knowledge, power, and language in teaching. By analyzing conversations among student teachers and experienced teachers in four urban schools, the author explores the nature of reformers' intellectual perspectives on teaching and demonstrates that regular school-site discussions are an indispensable resource in the education of reformers.
Researching Change and Changing the Researcher
Authors: Delgado-Gaitan Concha 
Published: May 2015

In this article, Concha Delgado-Gaitan describes her experience as a researcher in Carpinteria, a predominantly Mexican-American community in California. After collecting data about family literacy practices through ethnographic observations and interviews, she began meeting regularly with parents to share her findings and solicit their input. These meetings became a turning point for Delgado-Gaitan, redirecting the focus of her research from literacy activities to the process of community empowerment as she learned from these parents about their own understanding of literacy and about their concerns regarding communication with schools. Through these meetings, the parents organized as a group, in order to demand that the school respond to their needs.The situation challenged Delgado-Gaitan to redefine her role as a researcher. After much internal debate and reflection, she decided to become involved in the empowerment of parents as an informant and facilitator. This article is the story of how this research project supported the process of community empowerment in Carpinteria, and how that process challenged the researcher to examine her own identity, to refocus her research, and to change.
A Dialogue with Noam Chomsky
Authors: Leistyna Pepi , Sherblom Stephen 
Published: May 2015

The following dialogue between Noam Chomsky and Harvard Educational Review Editors Pepi Leistyna and Stephen Sherblom occurred in the fall of 1994, at Chomsky's office at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In conceptualizing this Special Issue, the Editorial Board thought it imperative to frame the lives of youth within an interdisciplinary perspective that explores and lays bare the historical, sociopolitical, economic, ideological, and cultural conditions of U.S. society. Chomsky's prolific work accomplishes this in many important respects; however, his political critiques and insights have been almost entirely excluded from national efforts to understand community disintegration and address issues of youth violence. It is the Board's belief that by bringing Chomsky's critical perspectives, concerns, and outlooks to the center of educational debates we can better understand the complex roots and history of violence in this country, and thus better inform educators of the current social contexts in which children live.
The dialogue begins by confronting the dominant ideologies that drive our history of systemic inequalities, oppression, and sanctioned violence that have resulted in this country's current culture of violence. Moving from a discussion of how the poor and middle-class in the United States subsidize the rich, to how the media and public institutions such as schools function to manufacture public consent for, and complicity with, such unequal distribution of power and wealth, Chomsky concludes with a discussion of the possibilities for progressive social change. Throughout, the dialogue vividly illustrates how we as a society often work against the values that we publicly profess, such as the growth and health of children, the social and economic well-being of all people, and the basic tenets of democracy.
As participants in this dialogue, Editors Sherblom and Leistyna acknowledge their understanding of violence as endemic to unequal and exclusionary economic and social structures. This understanding and their commitment to social transformation shaped both the flavor of the questions and the evolution of the discussion, and may not reflect the opinion of the full Board of the Harvard Educational Review.
The Board sincerely hopes that the following will contribute significantly to meaningful public dialogue, support the development and implementation of social policy that will reduce violence in the lives of youth, and work toward realizing a vision of a society without violence.
Editors' Reviews
Authors: Campbell Carolyn , Hall Irene 
Published: May 2015

Two Teenagers in Twenty: Writings by Gay and Lesbian YouthEdited by Ann Heron Boston: Alyson, 1994. 187 pp. 8.95 (paper).
Not the Only One: Lesbian and Gay Fiction for TeensEdited by Tony Grima Boston: Alyson, 1994, 237 pp. 7.95 (paper).
Editors' Reviews
Authors: Shavarini Mitra 
Published: May 2015

Transformations: Immigration, Family Life, and Achievement Motivation among Latino Adolescentsby Carola Suárez-Orozco and Marcelo Suárez-Orozco Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1995. 266 pp. 45.00; 16.95 (paper)
California's Immigrant Children: Theory, Research, and Implications for Educational Policyedited by Rubén G. Rumbaut and Wayne A. Cornelius. San Diego: University of California Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, 1995. 272 pp. 21.95
Symposium: The History of Women in Education
Authors: Woyshner Christine , Hao Kuo Tai Bonnie 
Published: May 2015

The nineteenth century saw major advances in educational opportunities for women and girls, from the common school movement in the early part of the century to multiple opportunities in higher education at the century's close. In the 1800s, women began to play central roles in education — as teachers and as learners, in formal and informal education settings, on the frontier and in the cities. What did these advances mean for the education of women and girls in the twentieth century?
This Symposium looks at developments in the education of women and girls over the course of the twentieth century, including research currently being conducted by and about women who historically have been excluded from mainstream academic discourse.
Further Comment - Hollow Theory: A Reply to Rajagopalan
Authors: Thomas Gary 
Published: May 2015

I enjoyed reading Kanavillil Rajagopalan's article "On the Theoretical Trappings of the Thesis of Anti-Theory; or, Why the Idea of Theory May Not, After All, Be All That Bad: A Response to Gary Thomas" in the Fall 1998 issue of the Harvard Educational Review, and I am grateful to him for his thoughtful and detailed response to my article, "What's the Use of Theory?" (HER, Spring 1997). I am glad that we can agree on the pretensions of some kinds of theory and on its inhibiting effects on original thinking. I am pleased that he believes that I examine certain theories "with great skill and perspicacity" (p. 337), even if I am also guilty of "smug skepticism" (p. 346), "crypto-scientism" (p. 344), making an "impassioned harangue" (p. 336), and making a "fatal mistake" (p. 347) in my reasoning.Rajagopalan's critique comes in two waves: in the first he tries to establish that theory's ambit is wide — indeed it is so wide that it encompasses anything to do with structured thought. A simple proposition follows: theory is any structured thought, ergo Thomas's structured thought is theory. Once this ground is established (that I'm a theorist), the way is easy for the second surge. Here, Rajagopalan claims that since I am a theorist I am guilty of grave contradictions and inconsistencies in my argument against theory.
Evaluation and comparison of root resorption between tooth-borne and tooth-tissue borne rapid maxillary expansion appliances: A CBCT study
Authors: Dindaroğlu Furkan , Doğan Servet 
Published: May 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To compare volumetric root resorption after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) between tooth-borne and tissue-borne appliances using CBCT. Repair in resorption cavities after 6 months of fixed retention was also compared.

Materials and Methods:
A sample of 33 subjects were randomly divided into two groups: Hyrax (n  = 16) and Haas (n = 17). CBCT scans were taken 6 months before expansion, immediately after expansion, and 6 months after fixed retention. Mimics Innovation V 16.0 software was used for segmentation and volumetric measurement of 198 teeth. Bland-Altman plots, independent samples t test, repeated measures analysis of variance, and the Friedman test were used for statistical analysis.

Results:
Differences in root resorption after RME and repair after retention were not significant between the hyrax and Haas appliances or between male and female. Significant differences were found between preexpansion and postexpansion root volumes in the first premolars and molars—even in unattached second premolars. When the percentage of root volume loss is considered, no significant difference was found between the first premolar, second premolar, and first molar. Volumetric changes after 6 months of retention were not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
More resorption was observed in the Hyrax expander group. But it was not statistically significant. Repair was observed after 6 months of retention. Heavy RME forces affected premolars and molar similarly.