bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of [4-14C]δ-Aminolaevulinate into Urinary Porphyrins in Porphyria Cutanea Tarda: Effect of Chloroquine Therapy
Authors: Taljaard J. J. F. , Shanley B. C. , Joubert S. M. , Deppe W. M. 
Published: August 2015

1. [4-14C]δ-Aminolaevulinate (ALA) was administered by the oral route to three patients with symptomatic porphyria cutanea tarda as a tracer dose and the incorporation of radioactivity into urinary 8-, 7-, 6-, 5- and 4-carboxyl porphyrins studied as a function of time. In one of these patients the study was repeated after partial depletion of stored liver porphyrins by low-dose chloroquine therapy.
2. Maximal radioactive incorporation into the urinary porphyrins was generally inversely related to the degree of carboxylation. In all instances maximal specific radioactivity of coproporphyrin far exceeded that of uroporphyrin, but was achieved at the same time interval.
3. Chloroquine therapy resulted in a porphyrinuria with a composition substantially similar to that before treatment. After partial depletion of the liver porphyrin stores maximum specific radioactivity of all urinary porphyrins increased as compared with before treatment.
4. Non-porphyric livers, obtained at post-mortem, were analysed for porphyrin content and composition; appreciable performed pools of 8-, 7-, 6-, 5-, 4- and 2- carboxyl porphyrins were found.
5. Results of the radioactive studies are interpreted as consistent with dilution in preformed pools of stored porphyrins of decreasing size. It is suggested that the predominance of 8- and 7-carboxyl porphyrins in the livers and urines of patients with porphyria cutanea tarda is due to rate-limitation of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylation in those liver cells which store free porphyrins.
The Effect of Anticonvulsant Therapy upon the Absorption of Folates
Authors: Fehling C. , Jägerstad Margaretha , Lindstrand K. , Westesson Anna-Kerstin 
Published: August 2015

1. The absorption of orally administered pteroylmonoglutamate and pteroyltetraglutamate, measured as peak rise in serum folate levels, was examined in normal volunteers and in epileptic patients on anticonvulsant drugs.
2. Although the fasting serum folate levels were low in the patients, they absorbed the two folate forms as well as the volunteers did and there was no difference between the absorption of pteroylmonoglutamate and pteroyltetraglutamate.
3. The findings indicate that the folate deficiency, caused by anticonvulsant drugs is not due to interference with the intestinal conjugase or the mechanism of absorption in itself.
The Calcium Lowering Effect of Synthetic Human, Porcine, and Salmon Calcitonin in Patients with Paget's Disease
Authors: Galante L. , Joplin G. F. , MacIntyre I. , Woodhouse N. J. Y. 
Published: August 2015

1. Four patients with active Paget's disease were given acute injections of a synthetic calcitonin. The calcium lowering effect of human and porcine calcitonin was compared in two patients, and the human and salmon hormone in the other two patients.
2. All three hormones were effective in lowering the plasma calcium, but weight for weight salmon calcitonin was the most potent. Thus salmon calcitonin produced approximately the same effect as a ten times greater dose of human calcitonin. However, porcine calcitonin was the least potent, and compared with human calcitonin, required an approximately tenfold dose for a similar response.
A Comparison of the Ventilatory Response to Carbon Dioxide by Steady-State and Rebreathing Methods during Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis
Authors: Linton R. A. F. , Poole-Wilson P. A. , Davies R. J. , Cameron I. R. 
Published: August 2015

1. The rebreathing and steady-state methods for assessing the response to inhaled carbon dioxide were compared in six normal subjects under control conditions and during metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.
2. The slopes of the CO2 response lines obtained with the two methods under control conditions were not significantly different.
3. Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis produced a significant change in the intercept of the response line when this was assessed with the steady-state technique. The slope of the response lines did not change significantly in alkalosis but there was probably a small increase during acidosis.
4. Using the rebreathing technique there was no significant change in intercept in acidosis and alkalosis, but the slope varied significantly from control values.
5. It is concluded that the two methods of assessing the respiratory response to inhaled CO2 are comparable under normal acid-base conditions. This similarity does not hold in metabolic changes of the acid-base state.
Triiodothyronine Concentration in Cord and Maternal Sera at Term
Authors: Eastman C. J. , Corcoran J. M. , Jequier A. , Ekins R. P. , Williams E. S. 
Published: August 2015

1. Specific radioimmunoassays have been employed to measure triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) concentrations in the cord serum of fifty-five healthy babies and in a second series of fifteen paired cord and maternal blood samples.
2. The mean cord serum T3 was 332±136 (SD) pg/ml. In the paired series the mean cord serum T3 was 355±142 pg/ml whereas the mean maternal value was 1557±283 pg/ml.
3. Serum thyrotrophin (TSH) concentration was raised in cord serum compared with maternal serum.
Bile Acid Synthesis in the Developing Sheep Liver
Authors: Smallwood R. A. , Jablonski P. , Watts J. McK. 
Published: August 2015

1. [14C]Cholesterol was administered intravenously via the umbilical vein to foetal sheep in the latter half of gestation, and the incorporation of radioactive label into foetal bile acids was assessed.
2. After 4 days, 0·5–2% of the radioactive label was found in foetal bile. Seventy to eighty per cent of the radioactive label in foetal bile was present as [14C]taurocholic acid and [14C]taurochenodeoxycholic acid. The remainder was [14C]cholesterol. No radioactive label was found in taurodeoxycholic acid, or in any of the glycine-conjugated bile acids.
3. It is concluded that the foetal sheep liver in the second half of gestation synthesizes taurocholic acid and taurochenodeoxycholic acid. However, the secondary bile acid taurodeoxycholic acid and the glycine-conjugated bile acids, present in foetal bile, have been acquired by placental transfer from the mother.
Early Consequences of Screening for Hypertension in a Community
Authors: Prineas Ronald J. , Stephens W. B. , Lovell R. R. H. 
Published: August 2015

1. The prevalence of high blood pressure and its treatment was determined in 50–59-year-old men and women in an Australian provincial city.
2. The proportion with diastolic blood pressures equal to or greater than 110 mmHg together with those on hypertensive therapy was 19.1% for men and 23% for women.
3. Of those examined 12% were on hypotensive therapy.
4. A single postal notification to hypertensive subjects that they should have a further check resulted in 90% of them attending their general practitioners.
5. Local doctors varied in their approach to the initiation of hypotensive therapy, but their stated intentions were in good agreement with their actual practice.
The Potentiation of Platelet Aggregation and Adhesion by Heparin in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Thomson C. , Forbes C. D. , Prentice C. R. M. 
Published: August 2015

1. Heparin has been shown to increase platelet aggregation by ADP and adrenaline and to enhance the platelet release reaction when tested in citrated platelet-rich plasma (P.R.P.). This activity is present when heparin is added to P.R.P. or when P.R.P. is prepared after intravenous injection of heparin, and when heparin is added to non-anticoagulated native P.R.P.
2. Retention of platelets by cellophane membranes within a specially designed test-cell was significantly increased when heparin was added to citrated whole blood.
3. Though aspirin blocks the release reaction with and without heparin, it does not prevent the potentiation of initial ADP or first wave adrenaline aggregation caused by heparin.
Glucose Tolerance and Metabolic Changes in Human Viral Hepatitis
Authors: Record C. O. , Alberti K. G. M. M. , Williamson D. H. , Wright R. 
Published: August 2015

1. Glucose tolerance and metabolic changes after intravenous glucose were studied in fifteen patients with acute viral hepatitis and in eight patients after recovery. In the acute stage glucose tolerance was significantly impaired compared with control subjects or with patients after recovery from hepatitis.
2. Serum insulin concentrations were significantly higher in fasting acute hepatitis patients than in control subjects and the time-integrated serum insulin concentration in the first 5 min after glucose was inappropriately high for the observed glucose disappearance rate, indicating insulin resistance. Serum growth hormone concentrations in male acute hepatitis patients were significantly higher than controls and suppressed poorly.
3. Fasting blood lactate concentrations were significantly elevated and after intravenous glucose there was a variable response. 2-Oxoglutarate, glutamate and glutamine concentrations from blood of fasting subjects, were significantly higher in acute hepatitis patients than controls.
4. There were no significant differences in blood ketones, glycerol and plasma free fatty acid concentrations from fasting subjects, but plasma triglycerides were significantly increased in the acute hepatitis patients.
5. The results indicate that viral hepatitis is associated with glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. After recovery the lactate response after glucose is diminished compared with controls.
Absorption of Amino Acids from an Amino Acid Mixture Simulating Casein and a Tryptic Hydrolysate of Casein in Man
Authors: Silk D. B. A. , Marrs T. C. , Addison Jill M. , Burston D. , Clark M. L. , Matthews D. M. 
Published: August 2015

1. A double-lumen perfusion technique has been used in man to study jejunal absorption of individual amino acids from an amino acid mixture simulating casein, and a tryptic hydrolysate of casein consisting of oligopeptides and amino acids.
2. Total absorption was greater from the tryptic hydrolysate than from the amino acid mixture. There was wide variation in the extent to which individual amino acids were absorbed from the amino acid mixture. This was decreased when the tryptic hydrolysate was perfused. Amino acids which were particularly poorly absorbed from the amino acid mixture were absorbed to a substantially greater extent from the tryptic hydrolysate.
3. The results suggest that the characteristics of absorption of amino acid mixtures do not represent those of absorption of the physiological products of intraluminal digestion, oligopeptides and amino acids.
Renal Vascular Responses to Dopamine: Haemodynamic and Angiographic Observations in Normal Man
Authors: Hollenberg N. K. , Adams D. F. , Mendell P. , Abrams H. L. , Merrill J. P. 
Published: August 2015

1. The renal vascular response to intravenously administered dopamine was assessed in normal man by selective renal arteriography and xenon washout. Infusion of 3 μg min−1 kg−1 induced renal vasodilatation with an increase in the cortical component of blood flow. Arterial blood pressure was not influenced and a systemic effect was not demonstrable. Lower doses did not induce a renal response. Increasing dosage raised arterial blood pressure and induced subjective symptoms, but did not result in a further increase in renal blood flow.
2. Renal vascular resistance increased with increasing age in the normal subjects. A significant inverse relationship was found between the initial vascular resistance and the renal vasodilator response to dopamine. It thus appears that the vascular effects of increasing age (nephrosclerosis) may limit the dilator response to dopamine.
3. It is concluded that dopamine is an effective renal cortical vasodilator when administered intravenously at doses which are free from other systemic cardiovascular effects. The dose-response relationship must be considered in attempts at reversal of conditions characterized by renal vasoconstriction.
A New Look at the Treatment of Severe Hypertension
Authors: Kincaid-Smith Priscilla , Fang P. , Laver M. C. , Kincaid-Smith Priscilla 
Published: August 2015

1. Although it is now easy to treat most patients with hypertension without producing troublesome side effects, a few patients remain refractory to conventional methods of treatment. These patients will progress to die of renal failure unless the blood pressure is controlled.
2. Thiazides potentiate the effect of other hypotensive agents and this potentiation is probably independent of their diuretic action. Diazoxide actually produces salt and water retention at the same time as marked decrease in the blood pressure. Spirono-lactone in a dose of 400 mg daily produced a highly significant reduction in blood pressure in an unselected group of patients with severe refractory hypertension.
3. β-Adrenergic blocking agents either alone or in combination with other drugs may be useful in the control of severe hypertension. An increasing effect on the blood pressure was demonstrated with doses between 1 and 2 g per day.
4. A new drug, prazosin hydrochloride, with properties somewhat similar to hydrallazine but with few side effects promises to be useful in the control of severe refractory hypertension particularly in combination with β-adrenergic blocking drugs.
Studies on Sweating in Clinical and Experimental Thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Allen Judith A. , Lowe Daphne C. , Roddie I. C. , Wallace W. F. M. 
Published: August 2015

1. Beta-adrenoceptor blockade with propranolol (40 mg, 6 hourly) did not significantly decrease thermal or mental sweating in a group of eight thyrotoxic patients.
2. The patients did not appear to sweat excessively either when at rest in an environmental temperature of 29°C or in response to mental arithmetic when compared with a group of young healthy medical students.
3. A state resembling thyrotoxicosis was induced in two healthy subjects by the oral administration of tri-iodothyronine (T3) over a period of days.
4. This increased the sweat response to thermal stress but did not precipitate active sweating in an environmental temperature of 29°C.
5. Neither oral propranolol therapy during T3 administration nor intravenous injection of propranolol significantly decreased the induced sweat response to thermal stress.
Decreased Ouabain-Sensitive Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in the Erythrocyte Membrane of Patients with Chronic Renal Disease
Authors: Cole C. H. 
Published: August 2015

1. Ouabain-sensitive ATPase (adenosine triphosphatase) activity was measured in the erythrocyte membranes of twenty patients with chronic renal disease. Decreased activity was found in nineteen of the twenty patients. The average decrease was 38%.
2. In three patients erythrocyte sodium concentration exceeded 9·5 mmol/l of RBC and these patients had the most marked decreases in ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity.
3. By contrast, in only two of 100 patients admitted to a general medical ward was erythrocyte sodium concentration greater than 9.5 mmol/l of RBC.
4. Ouabain-insensitive and calcium-activated components of erythrocyte membrane ATPase were unaffected by chronic renal disease.
The Effect of Ethinyloestradiol on Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism of Post-Menopausal Women with Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Gallagher J. C. , Wilkinson R. 
Published: August 2015

1. Eight post-menopausal women with primary hyperparathyroidism were given ethinyloestradiol (0.05 mg daily) and the effects on calcium and phosphorus metabolism were observed.
2. In every patient ethinyloestradiol produced a fall in fasting plasma and urine calcium. Calcium balance improved in seven patients on treatment and there was a significant fall in 24 h urine calcium in all eight patients; however, there was no consistent change in net or true absorption of calcium.
3. Ethinyloestradiol produced a small fall in the fasting plasma inorganic phosphorus and a fall in fasting urine phosphorus in seven cases. There was a decrease in 24 h urine phosphorus in seven of the eight cases, but there was no consistent effect on phosphorus absorption nor on phosphorus balance.
4. Bone mineralization rate and bone resorption rate were determined in seven of the patients. The administration of ethinyloestradiol produced a decrease in both these variables in all seven patients.
5. The 24 h urine hydroxyproline, used as an independent measure of bone resorption, decreased in all eight patients during ethinyloestradiol therapy.
6. It is concluded that ethinyloestradiol produces an improvement in calcium and phosphorus balance and a decrease in plasma calcium and phosphorus in primary hyperparathyroidism by decreasing bone resorption.
7. It is suggested that ethinyloestradiol may be used as a medical treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism in post-menopausal women who are either unsuitable for surgery or on whom operative procedures have failed, or in those cases in whom primary hyperparathyroidism is mild.
The Effect of Protein Loads on Plasma Amino Acid Levels
Authors: Palmer T. , Rossiter Mary A. , Levin B. , Oberholzer V. G. 
Published: August 2015

1. After ingestion of up to 1–2 g of protein/kg body weight by adults, plasma concentrations of all amino acids, including glutamine and glutamic acid, rose to a maximum within 5 h.
2. The increases in concentration depended on the amount of protein ingested.
3. The changes were not due to diurnal variation in plasma amino acid levels, so, protein loading tests may be of value in the assessment of protein absorption.
Results of Surgical Treatment in Comparison with Medical Treatment of Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Owen K. 
Published: August 2015

1. Renal artery disease is a potentially dangerous condition with 5 year mortality rate around 30% whether treated medically or surgically, and reduction of blood pressure to normal levels does not offer complete protection from cardiovascular death.
2. The mortality rate is relatively low in the first four decades, but rises rapidly after this. Length of history is not closely related to the prognosis.
3. No single diagnostic criterion is of over-riding importance in assessing operability and prognosis, but evidence of secondary hypertensive damage to the contra-lateral kidney indicates a bad result.
4. Fibroplasia stenosis offers a much better prognosis than atheroma.
5. Operative treatment is suggested as the method of choice for patients in the first four decades with anatomical and functional evidence of stenosis provided there is no evidence of secondary hypertensive renal damage. In other patients medical treatment is suggested primarily although surgery may salvage a small proportion of patients in whom this treatment is unsuccessful.
The Natural History of Hypertension with Moderate Impairment of Renal Function
Authors: Bauer G. E. , Humphery T. J. 
Published: August 2015

1. A continuing prospective study of patients with severe hypertension is now in its eighteenth year.
2. Patients with impaired renal function survive longer with present-day management if control of pressure is good and if renal structural abnormalities are not gross.
3. Since 1960 myocardial infarction, rather than cerebrovascular accident, has been the commonest cause of death.
Angiotensin-Salt Hypertension
Authors: Muirhead E. Eric , Leach Byron E. , Armstrong Frank B. 
Published: August 2015

1. Experimental hypertension could be induced in rats by injecting angiotensin I or II subcutaneously.
2. Such hypertension lasted for about 1 h after injection.
3. Angiotensin-induced hypertension was enhanced and sustained by salt loading and diminished by salt restriction or spironolactone.
4. Angiotensin-salt hypertension is reversed by transplants of compatible renal medulla subcutaneously.
Experimental Studies on the Mechanism of Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone-Induced Hypertension in the Sheep
Authors: Scoggins B. A. , Coghlan J. P. , Cran Elizabeth J. , Denton D. A. , Fan S. K. , McDougall J. G. , Oddie Catherine J. , Robinson P. M. , Shulkes A. A. 
Published: August 2015

1. The mechanism of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-induced hypertension in the sheep has been examined.
2. Hypertension was dependent on the presence of the adrenal gland.
3. ACTH-hypertension was not reproduced by administration of cortisol, corticosterone, deoxycorticosterone or deoxycortisol, alone or in combination.
4. Intact adrenal nerves were not necessary for the hypertension.
5. It is postulated that an adrenal factor other than those studied may be responsible for the hypertension.
Plasma Renin and Angiotensin Levels in Human Hypertension following Treatment
Authors: Johnston C. I. , Anavekar N. , Chua K. G. , Louis W. J. 
Published: August 2015

1. The levels of plasma renin activity or concentration and plasma angiotensin were similar in normotensive subjects and in untreated or treated essential hypertensives.
2. There was a close relationship between plasma renin activity and plasma renin concentration and between these and plasma angiotensin. This suggests that there were no abnormalities in renin substrate or renin kinetics in human essential hypertension.
3. Ganglion blockade did not change the plasma renin levels but α-adrenergic blockade caused a significant rise in plasma catecholamines and plasma renin without change in blood pressure.
4. Both acute and chronic β-adrenergic blockade were associated with a fall in blood pressure and small but significant falls in plasma renin levels.
Divided Renal and Peripheral Venous Renin as a Means of Predicting Operative Curability of Renal Hypertension
Authors: Arakawa Kikuo , Masaki Zenziro , Osada Yukio , Yamada Junko , Momose Shunro 
Published: August 2015

1. Eighteen patients with unilateral arterial stenosis or renal parenchymal lesion underwent corrective surgery for hypertension. Operative curability of hypertension was compared with pre-operative plasma renin activity (PRA) determined in three different veins; affected side renal (A), contralateral renal (C), and peripheral veins (P).
2. Those with renal arterial stenosis in whom the PRA in the affected side renal vein was significantly higher (more than 14 ng/ml) than that in both the contra-lateral side and peripheral veins, i.e. those with PRA values showing a pattern of A > C=P were found surgically curable without exception.
3. Patients with unilateral renoparenchymal lesions showed either A, C > P or A = C=P pattern and these were all found not curable. A similar pattern was found in four controls.
Improved Technique for Aorto-Renal Reconstruction: A Haemodynamic Approach
Authors: Ruberti U. , Vegeto A. , Malan E. 
Published: August 2015

1. An improved method of aorto-renal reconstruction in renal artery stenosis is described.
2. The Dacron prosthesis is inserted high in the aorta, thus avoiding a recurrent course and limiting turbulence.
3. The prosthesis is inserted end-to-end in the reconstructed renal artery.
4. On the right side the restructured renal artery is placed anterior to the vena cava.
5. These modifications result in a wide anastomosis with maximum haemodynamic effectiveness.