bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le marché lillois du blé à l'époque bourguignonne
Authors: Derville Alain 
Published: June 2015

Alain Derville, The Lille wheat market in the Burgundian era.
The country around Lille, like all the surrounding loess soils (Artois, Cambrésis), was one of the chief granaries of medieval Europe ; the average wheat yield was over 22 hi per ha (25,26 bushels per acre). The surplus was going through a few large markets (Lille etc... ) towards Flanders and the other countries beyond.
The Lille market has been studied with the help of official prices set by the payment of rents (by tenants and perhaps by lease-holders) three times a year, as well as the accounts of the Hôpital Saint-Sauveur in Lille. It shows that price variations depended, chiefly though not exclusively, on the general economic circumstances in the Low Countries or Northern Europe.
The secular trend shows that, all over Europe as well as here, the high price levels (yet without any upwards tendency) wich were maintained from 1270 to 1370 went down in 1370 opening a period of deep and continued depression which only came to its end in 1500.
Pratique religieuse et église constitutionnelle. Le cas de Dengremont, curé de Sin-le-Noble, 1 791-1801
Authors: Lefebvre Bernard 
Published: June 2015

Il s'agit de l'étude quantitative du registre des baptêmes célébrés par ce curé "jureur" de 1795 à 1801. Dengremont semble avoir été un prêtre d'origine modeste dont l'adhésion à l'Église Constitutionnelle fut une forme de promotion ; sa paroisse était un village de paysans relativement pauvres à proximité de Douai. La comparaison entre le nombre de naissances et celui des actes célébrés par le curé montre qu'il a baptisé 57% des enfants selon l'évolution suivante : 1795 : 68 § ; 1796 : 80% ; 1797 : 82% ; 1798 : 72% ; 1799 : 80% ; 1800 : 66% ; 1801 : 26% ; 1802 : 10%.
Le déclin de son activité est conforme à la baisse de la pratique religieuse sous la Révolution mais il est surtout intéressant de noter son rayonnement (comparable à celui de son collègue Caille à Douai), démontrant ainsi que les paroissiens furent plus sensibles au rôle de la hiérarchie en place, même schismatique, qu'à une conception particulière de la foi.
Uranius Antonin et deux autres notes de métrologie tardive orientale
Authors: Callu Jean-Pierre , Barrandon Jean-Noël 
Published: June 2015

Jean-Pierre Callu en J.-N. Barrandon, "Uranius Antonin en twee andere notities over latere Oosterse métrologie".
Deze studie bestaat uit drie notities over metrologie in verband met het Oostelijke Benenden-Rijk
1. Elf multiples, tetradrachmen e.d., van Uranius Antonin werden geanalyseerd door protonische activering en de resultaten bevestigen wat reeds door het fluoresceringsonderzoek bekend was : de tweede reeks met ca. 97% AR (zilver) vier maal meer dan in de eerste, het gaat om een presti- geuitgifte tegenover de Romeinse keizer en de Sassaniden.
2. De Latijnse versie van de Joodse Oorlog van Flavius Josephus uit 380 ongeveer vertoont in een belangrijke passage een zekere zorg voor monétaire nauwkeurigheid, want de aureus van het Opperrijk wordt er vertaald als binio, wat ongeveer met de waarde overeenstemt als men de solidus als referentiepunt neemt.
3. Het onderzoek van de drie Parisini van de Pré Spirituel van Jean Maschus toont aan dat men in de vierde eeuw nog geen gelijkheid tussen de centenarium en de "denier" van AV heeft opgesteld.
Tot besluit : het is nodig naast de kwantitatieve opzoekingen over gewicht en titel ook verder door te zetten met een filologische métrologie, waarvoor literaire en technische teksten en manuscripten dienen te worden onderzocht.
Quelques observations archéologiques dans la sablière "Les Ursulines", commune de Marck (Pas-de-Calais)
Authors: Es W. A. van , Wynia S.L. 
Published: June 2015

W.A. Van Es and S.L. Wynia, "A few archaeological observations on the sand-pit of "Les Ursulines" in the commune of Marck (Pas-de-Calais), with an appendix by W. Roeleveld".
The study of the different strata visible on the southern side of the sand-pit of "Les Ursulines" (Marck, Pas-de-Calais, ancient territory of the Morini) has revealed a few traces of human occupation. The substratum is composed of sands of maritime origin, remnants of some coastal strand (at the time of a regression about 500 B.C. C14 g and f datation).
Another level, but of aeolian origin, subsists and shows several stages of accumulation, some of which having filled an ancient channel. Human occupation, irregularly scattered, is visible at the level of a black-coloured stratum (moistening of the ground, organic substances) (elevation : 2.50I.G.N.)
The datation through C14, confirmed by the study of archaeological findings, points to a time preceeding shortly the beginning of our era, and an abandon in the first years of the Roman times. The discovery of some dross suggests the existence of some industrial activity. This coastal strand has also been used now and again all along the Roman times and even in the Lower Middle Ages.
This study followed by an analysis of the geological environment is a contribution to a better knowledge of the different phases of inhabitation on a moving coast -line, situated at the borders of Flanders and the Calais region.
Une responsabilité sociale élargie, vecteur d’innovations sociétales et de performance, comme socle de transformation de l’entreprise et recréation de la confiance
Authors: Guillaud Fabienne 
Published: June 2015

« Le développement durable, un paradigme capable de générer des innovations de rupture, est lui-même une philosophie économique de rupture » (Asselineau, Pire-Lechalard, 2008, P.3) qui ouvre le champ de la responsabilité sociale (RSE) élargie. Pour nombre d’entreprises, la RSE est principalement une réponse aux risques, notamment d’image et de réputation, perçue comme telle dans la société. Cette RSE utilisatrice (Capron, Quairel-Lanoizelée, 2010) n’intègre pas les processus de création de valeur de l’entreprise, d’innovation. Or, la crise systémique impactant l’activité économique de l’entreprise et sa relation aux parties prenantes, une forme de défiance se cristallise qui affecte son capital humain et érode sa performance. Les grands défis sociaux et environnementaux requièrent de reconsidérer la finalité et l’objet social de l’entreprise, de reconcevoir la place de la société dans sa recherche de performance. Pour Igalens (2012) la RSE se raisonne en un défi de création de valeur permettant de réconcilier performance économique et performance sociale. « Adopter le prisme de la valeur partagée, ouvre l’entreprise à d’importants champs d’innovations » (Porter, Kramer, 2011). De portée générale, ce travail de recherche appliquée en management de la performance durable est nourri d’une expérience de terrain, en management du développement durable dans la banque de détail, complétée d’une analyse académique à l’aune d’un prisme professionnel. Son développement s’articule entre une revue de littérature et une étude de cas centrée sur la démarche de l’entreprise Nespresso 1 . Se situant au plan stratégique, l’étude établit le lien dynamique entre une RSE élargie fortement contributive et l’innovation, lesquels intégrés à la stratégie intrinsèque de l’entreprise engendrent refondation du modèle économique et performance. Cela implique de mobiliser « les conditions pratiques et organisationnelles de la confiance en entreprise qui tiennent à ses préalables éthiques et systémiques » (Bruna, 2014, p.155).
Evaluating the Role of HLA-DM in MHC Class II–Peptide Association Reactions
Authors: Yin Liusong , Maben Zachary J. , Becerra Aniuska , Stern Lawrence J. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Ag presentation by MHC class II (MHC II) molecules to CD4+ T cells plays a key role in the regulation of the adaptive immune response. Loading of antigenic peptides onto MHC II is catalyzed by HLA-DM (DM), a nonclassical MHC II molecule. The mechanism of DM-facilitated peptide loading is an outstanding problem in the field of Ag presentation. In this study, we systemically explored possible kinetic mechanisms for DM-catalyzed peptide association by measuring real-time peptide association kinetics using fluorescence polarization assays and comparing the experimental data with numerically modeled peptide association reactions. We found that DM does not facilitate peptide association by stabilizing peptide-free MHC II against aggregation. Moreover, DM does not promote transition of an inactive peptide–averse conformation of MHC II to an active peptide–receptive conformation. Instead, DM forms an intermediate with MHC II that binds peptide with faster kinetics than MHC II in the absence of DM. In the absence of peptides, interaction of MHC II with DM leads to inactivation and formation of a peptide-averse form. This study provides novel insights into how DM efficiently catalyzes peptide loading during Ag presentation.
Nonclassical MHC-Restricted Invariant Vα6 T Cells Are Critical for Efficient Early Innate Antiviral Immunity in the Amphibian Xenopus laevis
Authors: Edholm Eva-Stina , Grayfer Leon , De Jesús Andino Francisco , Robert Jacques 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Nonclassical MHC class Ib–restricted invariant T (iT) cell subsets are attracting interest because of their potential to regulate immune responses against various pathogens. The biological relevance and evolutionary conservation of iT cells have recently been strengthened by the identification of iT cells (invariant Vα6 [iVα6]) restricted by the nonclassical MHC class Ib molecule XNC10 in the amphibian Xenopus laevis. These iVα6 T cells are functionally similar to mammalian CD1d-restricted invariant NKT cells. Using the amphibian pathogen frog virus 3 (FV3) in combination with XNC10 tetramers and RNA interference loss of function by transgenesis, we show that XNC10-restricted iVα6 T cells are critical for early antiviral immunity in adult X. laevis. Within hours following i.p. FV3 infection, iVα6 T cells were specifically recruited from the spleen into the peritoneum. XNC10 deficiency and concomitant lack of iVα6 T cells resulted in less effective antiviral and macrophage antimicrobial responses, which led to impaired viral clearance, increased viral dissemination, and more pronounced FV3-induced kidney damage. Together, these findings imply that X. laevis XNC10-restricted iVα6 T cells play important roles in the early anti-FV3 response and that, as has been suggested for mammalian invariant NKT cells, they may serve as immune regulators polarizing macrophage effector functions toward more effective antiviral states.
Eos Is Redundant for Regulatory T Cell Function but Plays an Important Role in IL-2 and Th17 Production by CD4+ Conventional T Cells
Authors: Rieder Sadiye Amcaoglu , Metidji Amina , Glass Deborah Dacek , Thornton Angela M. , Ikeda Tohru , Morgan Bruce A. , Shevach Ethan M. 
Published: June 2015

Abstract
Eos belongs to the Ikaros family of transcription factors. It was reported to be a regulatory T cell (Treg) signature gene, to play a critical role in Treg suppressor functions, and to maintain Treg stability. We used mice with a global deficiency in Eos to re-examine the role of Eos expression in both Tregs and conventional T cells (Tconvs). Tregs from Eos-deficient (Eos−/−) mice developed normally, displayed a normal Treg phenotype, and exhibited normal suppressor function in vitro. Eos−/− Tregs were as effective as Tregs from wild-type (WT) mice in suppressing inflammation in a model of inflammatory bowel disease. Bone marrow (BM) from Eos−/− mice was as effective as that from WT mice in controlling T cell activation when used to reconstitute immunodeficient mice in the presence of scurfy fetal liver cells. Surprisingly, Eos was expressed in activated Tconvs and was required for IL-2 production, CD25 expression, and proliferation in vitro by CD4+ Tconvs. Eos−/− mice developed more severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis than WT mice, displayed increased numbers of effector T cells in the periphery and CNS, and amplified IL-17 production. In conclusion, our studies are not consistent with a role for Eos in Treg development and function but demonstrate that Eos plays an important role in the activation and differentiation of Tconvs.
Across language families: Genome diversity mirrors linguistic variation withinEurope
Authors: Longobardi Giuseppe , Ghirotto Silvia , Guardiano Cristina , Tassi Francesca , Benazzo Andrea , Ceolin Andrea , Barbujani Guido 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives: The notion that patterns of linguistic and biological variation may cast light on each other and on population histories dates back to Darwin's times; yet, turning this intuition into a proper research program has met with serious methodological difficulties, especially affecting language comparisons. This article takes advantage of two new tools of comparative linguistics: a refined list of Indo‐European cognate words, and a novel method of language comparison estimating linguistic diversity from a universal inventory of grammatical polymorphisms, and hence enabling comparison even across different families. We corroborated the method and used it to compare patterns of linguistic and genomic variation in Europe.Materials and Methods: Two sets of linguistic distances, lexical and syntactic, were inferred from these data and compared with measures of geographic and genomic distance through a series of matrix correlation tests. Linguistic and genomic trees were also estimated and compared. A method (Treemix) was used to infer migration episodes after the main population splits.Results: We observed significant correlations between genomic and linguistic diversity, the latter inferred from data on both Indo‐European and non‐Indo‐European languages. Contrary to previous observations, on the European scale, language proved a better predictor of genomic differences than geography. Inferred episodes of genetic admixture following the main population splits found convincing correlates also in the linguistic realm.Discussion: These results pave the ground for previously unfeasible cross‐disciplinary analyses at the worldwide scale, encompassing populations of distant language families. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:630–640, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of chewing betel nut (Areca catechu) on salivary cortisol measurement
Authors: Konečná Martina , Urlacher Samuel S. 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesCultural practices may compromise the accuracy of salivary hormone measurements and must be considered when designing human biology research protocols. This study aims to evaluate the acute effect of one common human practice—chewing betel nut—on the measurement of salivary cortisol levels under field conditions.Materials and MethodsData were collected from 17 adult habitual betel nut users (males = 11; females = 6; mean age = 32.8 years) from a small rural community in Papua New Guinea. Saliva was collected in time series from each participant before and at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 min after chewing betel nut. Samples were analyzed by radioimmunoassay and cortisol levels were compared across time using linear mixed effects modeling.ResultsMeasured mean cortisol concentration fell nearly 40% immediately following betel nut use and remained significantly below baseline levels for the following 45 min (all P < 0.05). Cortisol concentrations measured at 60 min and 75 min were indistinguishable from baseline levels (all P > 0.16).DiscussionChewing betel nut is associated with a transient but significant reduction in measured levels of salivary cortisol. Future research must take this into account in populations where betel nut use is prevalent. Am J Phys Anthropol 158:151–154, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Boron‐Containing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Facile Synthesis of Stable, Redox‐Active Luminophores
Authors: Hertz Valentin M. , Bolte Michael , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram , Wagner Matthias 
Published: June 2015

AbstractHerein we show that replacing the two meso carbon atoms of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bisanthene by boron atoms transforms a near‐infrared dye into an efficient blue luminophore. This observation impressively illustrates the impact of boron doping on the frontier orbitals of PAHs. To take full advantage of this tool for the targeted design of organic electronic materials, the underlying structure–property relationships need to be further elucidated. We therefore developed a modular synthesis sequence based on a Peterson olefination, a stilbene‐type photocyclization, and an Si–B exchange reaction to substantially broaden the palette of accessible polycyclic aromatic organoboranes and to permit a direct comparison with their PAH congeners.
Bubble stimulation efficiency of dinoflagellate bioluminescence
Authors: Deane Grant B. , Stokes M. Dale , Latz Michael I. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractDinoflagellate bioluminescence, a common source of bioluminescence in coastal waters, is stimulated by flow agitation. Although bubbles are anecdotally known to be stimulatory, the process has never been experimentally investigated. This study quantified the flash response of the bioluminescent dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedrum to stimulation by bubbles rising through still seawater. Cells were stimulated by isolated bubbles of 0.3–3 mm radii rising at their terminal velocity, and also by bubble clouds containing bubbles of 0.06–10 mm radii for different air flow rates. Stimulation efficiency, the proportion of cells producing a flash within the volume of water swept out by a rising bubble, decreased with decreasing bubble radius for radii less than approximately 1 mm. Bubbles smaller than a critical radius in the range 0.275–0.325 mm did not stimulate a flash response. The fraction of cells stimulated by bubble clouds was proportional to the volume of air in the bubble cloud, with lower stimulation levels observed for clouds with smaller bubbles. An empirical model for bubble cloud stimulation based on the isolated bubble observations successfully reproduced the observed stimulation by bubble clouds for low air flow rates. High air flow rates stimulated more light emission than expected, presumably because of additional fluid shear stress associated with collective buoyancy effects generated by the high air fraction bubble cloud. These results are relevant to bioluminescence stimulation by bubbles in two‐phase flows, such as in ship wakes, breaking waves, and sparged bioreactors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of two different strategies for human monocyte subsets gating within the large‐scale prospective CARE FOR HOMe Study
Authors: Zawada Adam M. , Fell Lisa H. , Untersteller Kathrin , Seiler Sarah , Rogacev Kyrill S. , Fliser Danilo , Ziegler‐Heitbrock Loems , Heine Gunnar H. 
Published: June 2015

AbstractMonocytes are heterogeneous cells consisting of (at least) three subsets: classical, intermediate, and nonclassical monocytes. Correct enumeration of cell counts necessitates well‐defined gating strategies, which are essentially based upon CD14 and CD16 expression. For the delineation of intermediate from nonclassical monocytes, a “rectangular gating (RG) strategy” and a “trapezoid gating (TG) strategy” have been proposed. We compared the two gating strategies in a well‐defined clinical cohort of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Within the ongoing CARE FOR HOMe study, monocyte subsets were reanalyzed in 416 CKD patients, who were followed 3.6 ± 1.6 years for the occurrence of a cardiovascular event. Gating was performed by either RG or TG. We analyzed the expression of surface markers, and compared the predictive role of cell counts of monocyte subsets, as defined by RG and TG, respectively. With both gating strategies, higher intermediate monocyte counts predicted the cardiovascular endpoint in Kaplan‐Meier analyses (P < 0.001 with RG; P < 0.001 with TG). After correction for confounders, intermediate monocyte counts remained independent predictors in Cox‐Regression analyses (HR = 1.013 [95% CI: 1.006–1.020; P < 0.001] with RG; HR = 1.015 [95% CI: 1.006–1.024; P = 0.001] with TG). NRI was 3.9% when reclassifying patients from quartiles of intermediate monocyte counts with RG strategy toward quartiles of intermediate monocytes counts with TG strategy. In expression analysis, those monocytes which are defined as intermediate monocytes by the RG strategy and as nonclassical monocytes by the TG strategy share characteristics of both subsets. In conclusion, intermediate monocytes were independent predictors of cardiovascular outcome irrespective of the applied gating strategy. Future studies should aim to identify markers that allow for an unequivocal definition of intermediate monocytes, which may further improve their power to predict cardiovascular events. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Regulation of feeding behavior and plasma testosterone in response to central neuropeptide Y administration in a songbird
Authors: Davies Scott , Deviche Pierre 
Published: June 2015

ABSTRACTIn mammalian and avian model species, neuropeptide Y (NPY) simultaneously promotes feeding behavior and suppresses the secretion of reproductive hormones, thereby modulating the resource allocation trade‐off between investing in essential somatic processes or in the reproductive system. Investigations into this dual role of NPY in birds have focused on domesticated species and, to our knowledge, no study has examined this role in songbirds. We determined whether NPY treatment acutely regulates feeding behavior and activity of the reproductive system in a male songbird, the Abert's Towhee, Melozone aberti. Intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of NPY promoted behaviors associated with feeding (decreased latency to initiate pecking in the food bowl, increased number of feeding bouts following treatment, and increased number of pecks into the food bowl during each feeding bout), and it stimulated hopping and drinking behavior. By contrast, we found no effect of NPY treatment on plasma testosterone secretion 60 min after treatment. These results suggest that in male Abert's Towhees NPY stimulates feeding behavior, but provide no evidence that this peptide concurrently influences testosterone secretion. J. Exp. Zool. 323A: 478–486, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.