bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectral Indices and Evidence of Wave–Wave Modulation in Observations of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field
Authors: Loto’aniu Paul T. M. , Krista Larisza 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We present wave and turbulence observations from the DSCOVR spacecraft during the 2017 September solar flare and coronal mass ejection (CME) events. On September 4–12, the spectral index within the magnetic field power spectral density inertial range was consistent with Kolmogorov −5/3. This is despite the 9 days being composed of a complex mix of different features, including solar flares, solar energetic particle events, and CMEs. When analyzing shorter time periods, the spectral index varies. For two days where there were consecutive CMEs, the index follows Kraichnan–Iroshinikov −3/2, while on two quiet days, it was a mixture of −1, −3/2, and −2. The inertial range spectral index taken over the entire 9 days hides or averages out spectral features that occur over shorter time periods. We use a more realistic estimate of the amount of Doppler shifting into the spacecraft frame to show that the break frequencies on most days were located close to the H+ cyclotron frequency. We present evidence of wave–wave modulation and suggest that lower-frequency waves in the solar wind can modulate the growth rates/propagation of ion cyclotron waves, providing a method to transfer energy in the solar wind to smaller scales. Furthermore, we suggest that the indices in the inertial range can be explained by combining containment due to wave generation/propagation and stochastic Brownian motion in the solar wind. When these two phenomena are equal, they combine to create a −3/2 index.
Nuclear Uncertainties Associated with the Nucleosynthesis in Ejecta of a Black Hole Accretion Disk
Authors: Mumpower Matthew R. , Sprouse Trevor M. , Miller Jonah M. , Lund Kelsey A. , Garcia Jonathan Cabrera , Vassh Nicole , McLaughlin Gail C. , Surman Rebecca 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The simulation of heavy element nucleosynthesis requires input from yet-to-be-measured nuclear properties. The uncertainty in the values of these off-stability nuclear properties propagates to uncertainties in the predictions of elemental and isotopic abundances. However, for any given astrophysical explosion, there are many different trajectories, i.e., temperature and density histories, experienced by outflowing material, and thus different nuclear properties can come into play. We consider combined nucleosynthesis results from 460,000 trajectories from a black hole accretion disk and find the spread in elemental predictions due solely to unknown nuclear properties to be a factor of a few. We analyze this relative spread in model predictions due to nuclear variations and conclude that the uncertainties can be attributed to a combination of properties in a given region of the abundance pattern. We calculate a cross-correlation between mass changes and abundance changes to show how variations among the properties of participating nuclei may be explored. Our results provide further impetus for measurements of multiple quantities on individual short-lived neutron-rich isotopes at modern experimental facilities.
A Revisited Equilibrium Solution of the Fishbone and Moncrief Torus for Extended General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations
Authors: Uniyal Akhil , Dihingia Indu K. , Mizuno Yosuke 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Accretion physics has become more important recently due to the detection of the first horizon-scale images of the supermassive black holes of M 87* and Sgr A* by the Event Horizon Telescope. General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations of magnetized accretion flows onto a Kerr black hole have been used to interpret them. However, further testing the theory of gravity by using horizon-scale images requires performing consistent GRMHD simulations in non-Kerr spacetime. In this paper, we revisited the hydrodynamical equilibrium solution of the Fishbone and Moncrief (FM) torus that can be used to study any stationary, axisymmetric, vacuum, or nonvacuum spacetime. Further, we check the stability of the FM torus in non-Kerr spacetime by general relativistic hydrodynamic simulations. We find that FM torus in non-Kerr spacetime is indeed stable under long-term evolution. We conclude that the generalized FM torus solution would be very useful for creating new GRMHD libraries in extended Kerr black holes.
La Fabrique by CA : un modèle original d’entrepreneurs salariés
Authors: Darmon Laurent , Bourguinat Élisabeth 
Published: July 2024

Créée par le Crédit Agricole il y a cinq ans, La Fabrique by CA a déjà lancé huit sociétés, dont plusieurs scale-up. Ce start-up studio est particulièrement original : il mobilise des entrepreneurs salariés non intéressés au capital et privilégie des innovations à la marge des métiers du Groupe.
Le traitement de l’erreur : comment introduire la linguistique dans l’enseignement de la grammaire au cycle primaire ?
Authors: Camussi-Ni Marie-Armelle 
Published: July 2024

L’étude explore les liens entre le statut de l’erreur en didactique du français langue étrangère (FLE) et la porosité de ce champ à l’introduction de la linguistique au regard de ce qui se pratique en français langue première (FLP). Elle présente un protocole de recherche-action inspiré d’une réflexion en cours qui vise à mesurer la possibilité et les résistances à introduire un fragment de description linguistique, basé sur une élaboration linguistique du « mot » et ses répercussions sur les catégories grammaticales dans l’enseignement de la grammaire dans le premier degré.
Le désert comme lieu de projet
Authors: Acloque Delphine 
Published: July 2024

Contraintes spatiales, conditions politiques/géopolitiques complexes, caractère limité des autorisations de terrain sont des freins à la collecte de données dans les marges désertiques égyptiennes. La littérature grise constitue une source alternative. Afin d’analyser sa portée, l’article s’intéresse aux projets agricoles de l’Ouest du Delta du Nil et mobilise les documents de trois institutions internationales : la Banque mondiale, le FIDA, l’USAID. Le premier objectif est méthodologique, questionnant la portée de ces ressources en sciences sociales. Le second objectif est de montrer comment et pourquoi ces institutions ont investi les terres arides.
De l’âge du fer à l’âge de l’or ?
Authors: Gagnol Laurent , El Ghastalany Rayane , Mahfoudh Ahmedou 
Published: July 2024

Cette analyse resitue le surgissement d’une ruée vers l’or en 2016 dans la trajectoire extractiviste de la Mauritanie. Au nom d’un « nationalisme des ressources », l’État mauritanien a mis progressivement en place une stratégie d’encadrement de l’exploitation minière artisanale. Les enjeux de formalisation sont abordés à partir de l’arbitrage entre les différents types de permis miniers et leur répartition dans le territoire national. La création de couloirs d’orpaillage est analysée.
Sur la géographie des déserts
Authors: Brachet Julien 
Published: July 2024

Les déserts sont multiples, hyper-arides ou semi-arides, chauds ou froids, côtiers ou d’altitude, constitués de sable ou de pierres, de sel ou de glace. Ils s’étendent dans certaines régions et disparaissent dans d’autres. Et si la biodiversité y est toujours limitée, la vie n’y est pas absente : humains et non-humains habitent l’ensemble des déserts terrestres. Alors qu’est-ce qu’un désert ? La géographie, qui s’intéresse tant à la morphologie terrestre et aux climats qu’aux écosystèmes et aux sociétés humaines, nous aide à répondre à cette question de multiples manières.
Des raisons d’espérer ?
Authors: Toudic Hugo 
Published: July 2024

Les États-Unis sont une république. Le retour au pouvoir de Donald Trump à l’issue de l’élection présidentielle du 5 novembre ferait-il disparaître ce régime politique ? Hugo Toudic n’en est pas certain. Il nous invite à réfléchir à la lumière des écrits de Montesquieu et James Madison.
A holistic cure for cancer and survival from the indirect effects of nuclear attack
Authors: Lahiri Sitanshu Sekhar , Chakraborty Amlan 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The global search for a safe, irreversible cure after lethal radiation exposure and cancer has not been successful since World War II. Nuclear warfare cannot be recreated in a laboratory. Simulation experiments require highly classified, expensive, and approved infrastructure. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy affect both healthy and damaged cells and often lead to cancer recurrence. A lethal dose of ionizing radiation (IR) is devastating because of instant, massive, and diffuse DNA breaks, chromosomal aberrations, tissue oxidation, and the cascading generation of free radicals, and it can cause cancer. People exposed to a nuclear attack directly cannot be cured.

Methods:
A formulation comprising aqueous extracts of leaves of Indian bael (Aegle marmelos) and Oxalis corniculate, roots of ginseng (Panax ginseng), custard apple (Annona squamosa) or sitaphal cotyledons, methi (Fenugreek) seeds, and lytic Newcastle disease virus (nonhuman) was used. A few doses of the formulation were injected intraperitoneally into lethally gamma-irradiated mice; mice were also injected with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. Breast and cervical cancer cells were treated with this formulation in vitro.

Results:
We have developed a solution to the lasting problem. The formulation induced apoptosis in IR-damaged cancer cells by the developed formulation in vivo and in vitro, with no subsequent regrowth. No adverse effects were observed. The control ‘DF1’ Fibroblast cells did not exhibit any change after the drug administration. A possible explanation is the loss of defense responses in damaged cells, allowing the multiplication of the killer virus. Thus, people with cancer and those who escape the direct impacts of nuclear accidents may be saved. The lyophilized components can be stored at room temperature under field conditions.

Conclusion:
Successful treatment with herbs and virotherapy (a nanomedicine) can be delivered as tablets (a stable formulation) to remote areas, which may be a permanent solution to the prolonged search for the treatment of radiation exposure.
Briganti’s 2012 nomogram is an independent predictor of prostate cancer progression in EAU intermediate-risk class: results from 527 patients treated with robotic surgery
Authors: Porcaro Antonio Benito , Montanaro Francesca , Baielli Alberto , Artoni Francesco , Brancelli Claudio , Costantino Sonia , Franceschini Andrea , Gallina Sebastian , Bianchi Alberto , Serafin Emanuele , Veccia Alessandro , Rizzetto Riccardo , Brunelli Matteo , Migliorini Filippo , Siracusano Salvatore , Cerruto Maria Angela , Bertolo Riccardo Giuseppe , Antonelli Alessandro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The study aimed to test if Briganti’s 2012 nomogram could be associated with the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) progression in European Association of Urology (EAU) intermediate-risk patients treated with robotic surgery. From January 2013 to December 2021, 527 consecutive patients belonging to the EAU intermediate-risk class were selected. Briganti’s 2012 nomogram, which predicts the risk of pelvic lymph node invasion (PLNI), was assessed as a continuous and dichotomous variable that categorized up to the median of 3.0%. Disease progression defined as biochemical recurrence and/or metastatic progression was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards (univariate and multivariate analysis). After a median follow-up of 95.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 78.5–111.4), PCa progression occurred in 108 (20.5%) patients who were more likely to present with an unfavorable nomogram risk score, independently by the occurrence of unfavorable pathology including tumor upgrading and upstaging as well as PLNI. Accordingly, as Briganti’s 2012 risk score increased, patients were more likely to experience disease progression (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.060; 95% CI: 1.021–1.100; P = 0.002); moreover, it also remained significant when dichotomized above a risk score of 3.0% (HR = 2.052; 95% CI: 1.298–3.243; P < 0.0001) after adjustment for clinical factors. In the studied risk population, PCa progression was independently predicted by Briganti’s 2012 nomogram. Specifically, we found that patients were more likely to experience disease progression as their risk score increased. Because of the significant association between risk score and tumor behavior, the nomogram can further stratify intermediate-risk PCa patients, who represent a heterogeneous risk category for which different treatment paradigms exist.
Psychological Burden of Doctors Aspiring for Postgraduate Training in India
Authors: Kattula Dheeraj , Retina Kavi Nila David , Irudayaraj Cebasta 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Doctors were under a tremendous amount of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The uncertainty regarding the future is compounded by lack of clarity about the postgraduate (PG) entrance examination. We assessed aspirants of PG National Eligibility cum Entrance Test postgraduate (NEET PG) for psychological burden in domains of depression, anxiety, stress COVID-19-related stress, and attitudes toward situation affecting doctors and explored the association between psychological burden and other variables.

Methodology:
Google form was used to collect data from aspirants who appeared for NEET PG 2021. The variables included age, gender, career status, marital status, number of attempts, and medical environment-related stress. Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale and COVID-19 Student Stress Scale Questionnaire (CSSQ) scales were used to measure psychological burden. Analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0.

Results:
Of 289 participants, two-thirds had very severe depression and anxiety while two-fifths had very severe stress. Most of them were distressed by NEET examination, the postponed Supreme Court verdict, mental health of PG aspirants, and violence against health-care workers. There is low satisfaction with having chosen the medical profession. The distress from the above medical environment was associated with depression and anxiety. Gender and COVID-19-related stress were associated with severe depression, anxiety, and stress. Multivariate logistic regression showed female gender and CSSQ score were associated with the risk of severe stress and happiness with medical profession was protective.

Conclusion:
PG aspirants are undergoing severe psychological burden. Prompt action should be taken to address this crisis.
Sleep Quality and its Predictors among Undergraduate Medical Students of a Teaching Institute in Telangana, South India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mohandas Anu , Patnala Lavanya , Shalini M. B. , Varma Pavani , Sharma Suditi , Pattnaik Snigdha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
Medical students are vulnerable to sleep disturbances as they navigate life through academic stress, long on-call duties, emotional challenges, and exhaustion. Insufficient sleep negatively affects cognitive functions and fine motor skills, leading to deficiencies in attention, increased drowsiness while driving, propensity for risk-taking behavior, heightened risk of depression, impaired interpersonal relationships, and the potential to impact learning technical aspects of curriculum as well as delivering quality patient care.

Objectives:
The objective of this study was to measure the sleep quality and its determining factors among undergraduate medical students of a teaching institute in Telangana, South India.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 401 undergraduate medical students. A semi-structured questionnaire including the sociodemographic details, medical history, and screen time, followed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) which assesses the time of quality sleep, frequency of troubled sleep, etc., over the last 1 month was used. The quality of sleep score of >5 indicates poor sleep quality.

Results:
The mean age was 20.41 years (standard deviation [SD] =2.08). Known comorbidities were present among 17 (4.2%), and 13 (3.2%) had psychiatric conditions. Poor sleep quality was present among 70% of medical undergraduates. The mean global PSQI score was 6.22 (SD = 2.9). The factors found significantly associated with poor sleep quality were academic stress (P = 0.009; odds ratio [OR] = 2.154 [CI = 1.250–3.713]), headache and self-medication (P = 0.008; OR = 1.868 [CI = 1.178–2.964]), and nighttime screen use (P < 0.001; OR = 18.12 [CI = 5.48–59.87]).

Conclusion:
Sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality is a major concern among medical undergraduates. It is important to have a proper sleep–wake routine and maintain good sleep hygiene. This includes reducing the use of screens before bedtime and addressing any underlying health conditions, including mental health issues, to improve sleep quality and overall well-being.
Factors Inducing Alcohol Seeking Behaviors in Patients Dependent on Alcohol-A Case-control Analysis
Authors: Saini Ashwani , Ogha A. , Dhingra Neha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Context:
Alcohol use has increased to the extent that it has become a menace to society. There are certain external or social factors which linger an individual around alcohol despite efforts to cut its consumption. Furthermore, the ingrained factors as an individual’s personality and associated comorbid psychiatric disorders render alcohol-seeking behaviors. These factors further lead to problems in help-seeking, adjustment in society, and continuation of treatment. Although studies in the past have highlighted these risk factors, this study was conducted to understand the role of social factors, personality, and simultaneously occurring illness in patients of alcohol dependence with healthy controls.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to study the factors inducing alcohol-seeking behaviors in patients dependent on alcohol.

Settings and Design:
This case–control study was conducted among 100 male patients. It included 50 patients diagnosed with alcohol use disorder and other 50 patients as healthy controls.

Subjects and Methods:
Participants were assessed clinically and the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale-Revised scale, Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test, Mini-international neuropsychiatric interview, and International Personality Disorder Evaluation scales were administered.

Statistical Analysis:
A Chi-square test was applied for the categorical variable. Univariate linear regression was done for the independent variable.

Results:
Marital status, occupation, and residential area significantly affect alcohol use behavior. Affective disorders (22%) were the most common comorbidity and dissocial personality disorders (24%) were most prevalent.

Conclusions:
While addressing the issues related to dependence a focused approach including social, biological, and psychological factors must be considered.
Recurrent flaccid paraparesis due to acquired distal renal tubular acidosis and coexistent Devic’s disease: The “double trouble”
Authors: Malakar Shobhan Lal , Mahata Rahin , Bhattacharyya Rana , Mondal Partha , Jana Jayabrata , Roy Krishnendu , Mahapatra Umakanta , Chakraborty Partha Pratim 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) consists of a group of disorders, caused by impaired distal renal tubular acid (hydrogen ion; H+) secreting ability, impaired proximal renal tubular reabsorption of filtered bicarbonate ion (HCO32
−), or both, resulting in hyperchloremic normal anion gap metabolic acidosis. Distal RTA (dRTA) occurs due to impaired acid-secreting ability of the alpha intercalated cells. Primary (inherited) dRTA, encountered mostly in children, is due to various mutations, whereas secondary (acquired) dRTA, which may manifest at any age, develops secondary to various autoimmune systemic conditions, with Sjogren’s syndrome reported to be the leading cause. In this study, we report a case of dRTA secondary to neuromyelitis optica, diagnosis, management, and long-term outcomes, with an aim of shedding light on this rare association, which quite often could be missed.
Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus with a novel variant of AVPR2 gene mutation: A case report
Authors: Soodhana Dhanya , Rajesh Thaliyil Veettil , Vijayakumar Madhava 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (CNDI) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by impaired water reabsorption despite normal or elevated levels of antidiuretic hormone. We report a 6-month-old male with classical symptoms of CNDI, such as fever, excessive thirst, polyuria, and failure to thrive. Laboratory investigations revealed hypernatremia, low urine osmolality, and a lack of response to a vasopressin challenge, confirming the diagnosis. Genetic testing identified a hemizygous base pair deletion in the AVPR2 gene, leading to a frameshift mutation and premature protein truncation. Treatment strategies, including hydrochlorothiazide and amiloride therapy, aim to manage symptoms and improve quality of life. Long-term management involves monitoring growth, hydration status, and genetic counseling for affected families. This case highlights the importance of early recognition and management of CNDI to prevent long-term sequelae. Further research into genetic variations and novel therapeutic approaches is warranted to improve outcomes for these children.
To Study the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice about COVID-19 Pandemic among Health-care Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Northern India
Authors: Latika  , Choudhary Rashmi , Suri Ridhi , Dahiya Pushpa 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background:
As the primary carers, the health-care workers (HCWs) are interacting directly with the patients and are consequently more susceptible to infection. By enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about COVID-19, the HCWs can prevent or significantly minimize their risk of contracting it.

Objective:
This research was carried out to assess KAP about various aspects of the COVID-19 infection among HCWs and their association vis-à-vis different sociodemographic variables.

Methodology:
The study used a prospective cross-sectional design and the participants were the HCWs working in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at a tertiary care referral and academic hospital. A pretested questionnaire comprised 35 items, with 14 items about knowledge, 13 about attitude, and 8 about practices adopted by HCWs.

Statistical Analysis:
For the analysis, we used descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson Chi-square tests.

Results:
The study involved a cohort of 209 HCWs. Based on the results of descriptive statistical analysis, the participants had an average knowledge score of 9.59 with a standard deviation (SD) of 2.07. The observed scores ranged from 2.00 to 14.00. On further subgroup analysis, the mean knowledge was highest among the 19–25-year age group (mean: 9.97, minimum: 4.00, and maximum: 14.00; SD: 2.13), MBBS students (mean: 10.69, minimum: 8.00, and maximum: 14.00; SD 1.74), male participants (mean: 9.97, minimum: 5.00, and maximum: 13.00; SD: 1.62), and unmarried respondents (mean: 9.77, minimum: 2.00, and maximum: 14.00; SD 2.24).

Conclusions:
It is vital to evaluate the present KAP of health-care professionals regarding COVID-19 in the global fight against the pandemic. The study identified a few gaps in the KAP of HCWs.