bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aphidiid Wasps (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae) Parasitizing Aphids on Herbaceous Legumes (Fabaceae) in the Central Wood-and-Steppe Zone of Ukraine
Authors: Kaliuzhna M. O. , Zubenko O. G. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Species composition and host associations of the aphidiid wasps infesting aphids in Kyiv, Cherkasy, Poltava and Kirovohrad Regions of the Central Wood-and-Steppe Zone of Ukraine were studied during 2010-2011, mainly on meadows. Nine species of aphids were found on 36 plant species, of them 7 species were infested by aphidiids. Six species of parasites were reared: Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall), L. confusus Tremblay et Eady, L. fritzmuelleri Mackauer, Lipolexis gracilis Förster, Binodoxys acalephae (Marshall), B. angelicae (Haliday). The most widespread species were L. fabarum and L. confusus. The rate of aphids colony infestation according to weather conditions and association with host plants are discussed. An illustrated key to the found species is given.
Morphological Features of Cephalic Skeleton of the Adult Black Sea Turbot (Kalkan) Scophthalmatus Maximus Var. Maeotica (Pleuronectiformes, Scophthalmidae)
Authors: Yelnikov D. V. , Khanaychenko A. N. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
For the first time the full description of neural and visceral cephalic skeleton of adult Black Sea turbot (kalkan), Scophthalmus maximus (Pallas) has been carried out. The detailed outline of the norm of development of cephalic skeleton in adult Black Sea turbot with up-to-date nomenclature of bone elements is offered as a basis to conduct further studies on variability of skeleton elements and abnormalities among the Black Sea turbot morphotypes from natural populations and artificially reared specimens.
Molecular Characterization of Dactylogyroides Tripathii (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae) Using Long Subunit rDNA From North East Region of India
Authors: Chiary H. R. , Chaudhary A. , Singh H. S. 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
The present study describes the molecular characterization of the monogenea Dactylogyroides tripathii (Tripathi, 1959) Gussev, 1973 infecting the gill filaments of fish, Puntius ticto from River Brahmaputra, Guwahati, Assam, India. This study shows the D. tripathii species identification resulted from the use of molecular data, particularly the 28S rDNA gene. We compared the 28S partial rDNA sequence of D. tripathii with same gene region of the other species of monogeneans available in GenBank. With this comparison, we determined that the sequence had a similarity with one available species of the genus Dactylogyroides Gussev, 1963 i. e., D. longicirrus and also with the species of Dactylogyrus from which this genus was distinguished.
Illusionary Order: Online Databases, Optical Character Recognition, and Canadian History, 1997–2010
Authors: Milligan Ian 
Published: November 2013

Abstract: It all seems so orderly and comprehensive. Instead of firing up the microfilm reader to navigate the Globe and Mail or the Toronto Star, one needs only to log into online newspaper databases. A keyword search, for a particular event, person, or cultural phenomenon, brings up a list of research findings. Previously impossible research projects can now be attempted. This process has fundamentally reshaped Canadian historical scholarship. We can see this in Canadian history dissertations. In 1998, a year with 67 dissertations, the Toronto Star was cited 74 times. However it was cited 753 times in 2010, a year with 69 dissertations. Similar data appears in the Canadian Historical Review (CHR), a prestigious peer-reviewed journal. Databases are skewing our research. We are witnessing the application of commercial Optical Character Recognition (OCR) technology – originally and primarily designed for the efficient digitization of large reams of corporate and legal documents, conventionally formatted – to historical sources. The results are, unsurprisingly, a mixed bag. In this article, I make two arguments. Firstly, online historical databases have profoundly shaped Canadian historiography. In a shift that is rarely – if ever – made explicit, Canadian historians have profoundly reacted to the availability of online databases. Secondly, historians need to understand how OCR works, in order to bring a level of methodological rigor to their work that use these sources.
De la double identité dans l'écriture : du bilinguisme oral à la bilittéralité au Paraguay
Authors: Pic-Gillard Christine 
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- El Pararguay presenta la originalidad de ser el único país de América Latina donde casi el 90% de la población habla una lengua amerindia, el guaraní, convertido en lengua oficial en 1992. Hasta la puesta en marcha del Plan de Enseñanza Bilingüe en 1994, el bilingüismo no era una realidad sino un mito, una especie de sueño colectivo. Efectivamente, Paraguay es en aquel entonces guaranohablante ; los bilingües son minoritarios. Por voluntad política del primer gobierno democrático, el mito se vuelve realidad mediante la escolarización obligatoria de todos los niños paraguayos en las dos lenguas oficiales.
Aprender a leer y a escribir en guaraní, fuera del reconocimiento oficial que supone la enseñanza en lengua amerindia, sólo tiene sentido si ello puede engendrar la creación literaria. El objetivo de hacer del guaraní una lengua de cultura, implícito en el Plan de Enseñanza Bilingüe, supone una didáctica que permita el pasaje de la oratura a la literatura, con una componente particular, la del bilingüismo, que abra la perspectiva de una biliteralidad.
An individual-based phenology model for western spruce budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Nealis V.G. , Régnière J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractAn individual-based phenology model for western spruce budworm, Choristoneura occidentalis Freeman (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), was developed using stage-specific rates of development, oviposition, and egg hatch observed under controlled conditions at several temperatures. Model output was compared with age distributions estimated by sampling field populations of budworm at several locations in British Columbia, Canada, over many years. The fit of the model was very good for the entire life cycle of the insect. We further validate the model by comparing output with independent observations of moth flight phenology of C. occidentalis and Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) in populations of Cypress Hills, Canada and illustrate spatial variation in the seasonal occurrence of early-stage feeding western spruce budworm over most of its range in western Canada. In addition to serving as the underlying structure for the modelling of population dynamics at the seasonal level, the model can be used to predict the time of occurrence of different life stages for precise timing of pest management operations.
Honey production of honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies with high and low Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) infestation rates in eastern Canada
Authors: Emsen Berna , Guzman-Novoa Ernesto , Kelly Paul G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe objective of this study was to compare the honey yields of groups of honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies with high and low infestation rates of the mite Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Acari: Varroidae). More than 150 colonies were screened for mite fall in early spring and again 16 weeks later. The 10 colonies with the lowest rates (L) and the 10 colonies with the highest rates (H) of mite population growth were selected. These 20 colonies were evaluated for mite infestation in adult bees and honey production. Adult bee infestation in the colonies of the H group was significantly higher than in the colonies of the L group. Additionally, H and L colonies differed significantly for honey production. L colonies produced 28.91 ± 2.34 kg of honey per hive versus 18.49 ± 0.77 kg for the group of H colonies. Furthermore, the mite infestation level of colonies measured as mite fall or as number of mites per 100 bees, was significantly correlated with honey production (r = −0.62, P < 0.05 and r = −0.76, P < 0.01, respectively). These results indicate that varroa mite populations significantly reduce honey yields in honey bee colonies in eastern Canada.
Calcineurin–Rcan1 Interaction Contributes to Stem Cell Factor–Mediated Mast Cell Activation
Authors: Wu Zhengli , Li Yanhong , MacNeil Adam J. , Junkins Robert D. , Berman Jason N. , Lin Tong-Jun 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe receptor for stem cell factor (SCF) is expressed on mast cells and hematopoietic progenitors. SCF-induced signaling pathways remain incompletely defined. In this study, we identified calcineurin and regulator of calcineurin 1 (Rcan1) as novel components in SCF signaling. Calcineurin activity was induced in SCF-stimulated primary mouse and human mast cells. NFAT was activated by SCF in bone marrow–derived mast cells (BMMCs) and mouse bone marrow cells, which contain hematopoietic progenitors. SCF-mediated activation also induced expression of Rcan1 in BMMCs. Rcan1-deficient BMMCs showed increased calcineurin activity and enhanced transcriptional activity of NF-κB and NFAT, resulting in increased IL-6 and TNF production following SCF stimulation. These results suggest that Rcan1 suppresses SCF-induced activation of calcineurin and NF-κB. We further demonstrated that SCF-induced Rcan1 expression is dependent on the transcription factor early growth response 1 (Egr1). Interestingly, SCF-induced Egr1 was also suppressed by Rcan1, suggesting a negative regulatory loop between Egr1 and Rcan1. Together, our findings revealed that calcineurin contributes to SCF-induced signaling, leading to NFAT activation, which, together with NF-κB and Egr1, is suppressed by Rcan1. Considering the wide range of biological functions of SCF, these novel regulatory mechanisms in SCF signaling may have broad implications.
Adenylyl Cyclase 6 Activation Negatively Regulates TLR4 Signaling through Lipid Raft–Mediated Endocytosis
Authors: Cai Wei , Du Ailian , Feng Kuan , Zhao Xiaonan , Qian Liu , Ostrom Rennolds S. , Xu Congfeng 
Published: November 2013

Abstract
Proper intracellular localization of TLRs is essential for their signaling and biological function. Endocytosis constitutes a key step in protein turnover, as well as maintenance of TLR localization in plasma membrane and intracellular compartments, and thus provides important regulating points to their signaling. In this study, we demonstrate that adenylyl cyclase (AC) activation attenuates TLR4 signaling in a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) and bone marrow–derived macrophages when stimulated with LPS. We further show that the AC6 isoform plays a key role in negative regulation of TLR4 signaling by promoting protein degradation. TLR4 is normally endocytosed through the clathrin-mediated pathway, but concomitant AC6 activation shifts it to lipid raft-mediated endocytosis, which accelerates degradation of TLR4 and suppresses downstream signaling. Our studies unveil a new mechanism of negative regulation of TLR4 signaling through AC6-mediated endocytosis, which might provide a novel therapeutic approach for limiting inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Diphtheria Resurgence: Where did We fail?
Authors: Kottaram Philip John , Vinayababu S , Tanveer Khaji Mohammed 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT

Objective
This report aims at highlighting the persistence of diphtheria in India and the need for better vaccine coverage of both primary as well as booster doses and accessibility of antidiphtheric serum (ADS) at all tertiary medical centers.

Case report
An 11-year-old girl, previously unimmunized against diphtheria, presented with history of fever, cough, difficulty in swallowing and change in voice within 1 week duration. Examination revealed bilaterally enlarged tonsils with a grayish white patch over them. A provisional diagnosis of faucial diphtheria and the patient was started on antibiotics.
Next day, child developed respiratory distress and generalized swelling over the neck. An emergency tracheotomy was performed, and shifted to a center where ADS was available. She received 5 doses of ADS but succumbed to myocarditis 5 days later. Membranous patches removed from the trachea were positive for Corynebacterium diphtheriae and the diagnosis was confirmed by culture.

Conclusion
Vaccination coverage for both primary as well as boosters should be improved, so as to reach coverage advocated by WHO. All tertiary hospitals should have ADS. Health care personal should be sensitized to maintain a high degree of suspicion when presented with a patch over the tonsil.

How to cite this article
Chandrakala S, Vinayababu S, Kottaram PJ, Tanveer KM. Diphtheria Resurgence: Where did We fail? Int J Head Neck Surg 2013;4(3):137-139.
Endoscopic Removal of an Unusual Foreign Body in the Nasopharynx in a 3-Year-Old Child
Authors: Krishnappa BD 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTObjectiveReporting a rare case of impacted foreign body (wood piece) in the nasopharynx in a 3-year-old female child of 6 cm size and its endoscopic removal.Case reportA 3-year-old female child was brought by her parents with history of purulent right nasal discharge, nasal obstruction and fever for the past 3 months. Anterior rhinoscopic examination shows purulent right nasal discharge. Diagnostic endoscopy showed a foreign body in the nasopharynx. Under GA using nasal endoscope a foreign body was found to be wooden piece and the same was removed. The removed foreign bo dy was measu red and fou nd to be of 6 c m in size. Postoperative period was uneventful.ConclusionForeign body of 6 cm size in the nasopharynx in a 3-year-old child has not been reported in ‘world medical literature’. This case has been reported due to its rarity, difficulty in diagnosis and removal.How to cite this articleKrishnappa BD. Endoscopic Removal of an Unusual Foreign Body in the Nasopharynx in a 3-Year-Old Child. Int J Head Neck Surg 2013;4(3):140-141.
Constructing the Politics of Cookery: Authorial Strategy and Domestic Politics in English Cookery Books, 1655-1670
Authors: Saffitz Claire 
Published: November 2013

This essay argues that authors of English cookery texts in the 1650s, sixties, and seventies debated not only changing ideas and behaviors surrounding cooking, service, and feasting, but were also participating in a renegotiation and redefinition of other Restoration subjects such as public versus private spaces, domesticity, gender roles, and social class. This article considers five cookery texts published between the years 1656 and 1670: two works of royalist propaganda that adopted the form of the cookery book, The Queens Closet Opened (1656), attributed to Henrietta Maria, and The Court & Kitchin of Elizabeth (1664), attributed to Elizabeth Cromwell; two works by professional male cooks, The Accomplisht Cook (1661) by Robert May, and The Whole Art of Cookery Dissected (1661) by William Rabisha; and The Queen-Like Closet (1670) by Hannah Wolley, England’s first professional female writer and cookery book author.
In these works, domestic spaces and activities – as well as the emerging form of the cookery text itself – become a sort of battleground on which men and women vied to construct and defend their authority as culinary experts and authors of printed cookery books. Simultaneously, these authors were actively engaged in a debate about English nationhood in the Restoration and what kinds of people could or should participate in the politics of good housekeeping.
Joint Polar Satellite System: The United States next generation civilian polar‐orbiting environmental satellite system
Authors: Goldberg Mitchell D. , Kilcoyne Heather , Cikanek Harry , Mehta Ajay 
Published: November 2013

AbstractNOAA's next generation polar‐orbiting environmental satellite system, designated as the Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), was proposed in February 2010, as part of the President's Fiscal Year 2011 budget request, to be the Civilian successor to the restructured National Polar‐Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS). Beginning 1 October 2013, the JPSS baseline consists of a suite of five instruments: advanced microwave and infrared sounders critical for short‐ and medium‐range weather forecasting; an advanced visible and infrared imager needed for environmental assessments such as snow/ice cover, droughts, volcanic ash, forest fires and surface temperature; ozone sensor primarily used for global monitoring of ozone and input to weather and climate models; and an Earth radiation budget sensor for monitoring the Earth's energy budget. NASA will fund the Earth radiation budget sensor and the ozone limb sensor for the second JPSS operational satellite—JPSS‐2. JPSS is implemented through a partnership between NOAA and the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NOAA is responsible for overall funding; maintaining the high‐level requirements; establishing international and interagency partnerships; developing the science and algorithms, and user engagement; NOAA also provides product data distribution and archiving of JPSS data. NASA's role is to serve as acquisition Center of Excellence, providing acquisition of instruments, spacecraft and the multimission ground system, and early mission implementation through turnover to NOAA for operations.
Comparison of ozone profiles between Superconducting Submillimeter‐Wave Limb‐Emission Sounder and worldwide ozonesonde measurements
Authors: Imai Koji , Fujiwara Masatomo , Inai Yoichi , Manago Naohiro , Suzuki Makoto , Sano Takuki , Mitsuda Chihiro , Naito Yoko , Hasebe Fumio , Koide Takashi , Shiotani Masato 
Published: November 2013

AbstractWe compared ozone profiles measured by the Superconducting Submillimeter‐Wave Limb‐Emission Sounder (SMILES) with those taken at worldwide ozonesonde stations. To assess the quality of the SMILES version 2.3 ozone data for 16–30 km, 601 ozonesonde profiles were compared with the coincident SMILES ozone profiles. The agreement between SMILES and ozonesonde measurements was generally good within 5%–7% for 18–30 km at middle and high latitudes but degraded below 18 km. At low latitudes, however, the SMILES ozone data showed larger values (~6%–15% for 20–26 km) than those at middle and high latitudes. To explain this bias, we explored some possible issues in the ozonesonde measurement system. One possibility is due to a pressure bias in radiosonde measurements with a pressure sensor, but it would be within a few percent. We also examined an issue of the ozonesonde's response time. The response time was estimated from ozonesonde measurements with ascending and descending profiles showing clear difference, by using the time lag correction method to minimize the difference between them. Our estimation shows 28 s on average which is a similar value derived by prelaunch preparation. By applying this correction to the original profiles, we found a negative bias of the ascending ozonesonde measurement more than 7% at 20 km in the equatorial latitude where the vertical gradient of ozone is steep. The corrected ozonesonde profiles showed better agreement with the SMILES data. We suggest that the response time of ozonesondes could create a negative bias, particularly in the lower stratosphere at equatorial latitudes.
Interannual drought length governs dissolved organic carbon dynamics in blackwater rivers of the western upper Suwannee River basin
Authors: Mehring A. S. , Lowrance R. R. , Helton A. M. , Pringle C. M. , Thompson A. , Bosch D. D. , Vellidis G. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractThe Little River (LR) in southern Georgia, U.S., has experienced lengthening droughts since monitoring began in 1972. We evaluated the impacts of drought on riverine carbon cycling using a 9 year data set of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) coupled with laboratory experiments in the LR, as well as long‐term data sets in three additional rivers within the Suwannee River basin. Longer drought periods reduced downstream DOC export but also led to higher DOC concentrations in the following hydroperiod. Within a hydroperiod, DOC concentration was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with river discharge but also negatively correlated with total discharge during the previous hydroperiod. Among hydroperiods, DOC concentration was more strongly correlated with antecedent hydrological conditions than with current hydrological conditions across broad spatial scales: in three additional rivers within the Suwannee River basin (Alapaha, Withlacoochee, and Okapilco) and in headwater and downstream reaches of the LR. Microbial DOC consumption and CO2 production were elevated when DOC concentration was high. Despite dramatic hydrologic changes, DOC composition appeared stable, with optical analyses suggesting that LR DOC is primarily composed of three terrestrial humic‐like fluorescence groups. If the current climatic trend of intensifying droughts, elevated temperatures and decreased discharge continue, our results suggest the net effect may be for a more localized riverine carbon cycle with reduced downstream transport of DOC, but higher local mineralization rates due to elevated DOC concentrations.
Activity and functions of the human gluteal muscles in walking, running, sprinting, and climbing
Authors: Bartlett Jamie L. , Sumner Bonnie , Ellis Richard G. , Kram Rodger 
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACTIt has been suggested that the uniquely large gluteus maximus (GMAX) muscles were an important adaptation during hominin evolution based on numerous anatomical differences between humans and extant apes. GMAX electromyographic (EMG) signals have been quantified for numerous individual movements, but not across the range of locomotor gaits and speeds for the same subjects. Thus, comparing relative EMG amplitudes between these activities has not been possible. We assessed the EMG activity of the gluteal muscles during walking, running, sprinting, and climbing. To gain further insight into the function of the gluteal muscles during locomotion, we measured muscle activity during walking and running with external devices that increased or decreased the need to control either forward or backward trunk pitch. We hypothesized that 1) GMAX EMG activity would be greatest during sprinting and climbing and 2) GMAX EMG activity would be modulated in response to altered forward trunk pitch demands during running. We found that GMAX activity in running was greater than walking and similar to climbing. However, the activity during sprinting was much greater than during running. Further, only the inferior portion of the GMAX had a significant change with altered trunk pitch demands, suggesting that the hip extensors have a limited contribution to the control of trunk pitch movements during running. Overall, our data suggest that the large size of the GMAX reflects its multifaceted role during rapid and powerful movements rather than as a specific adaptation for a single submaximal task such as endurance running. Am J Phys Anthropol 153:124–131, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Iterative Synthese von Nukleosidoligophosphaten mit Phosphoramiditen
Authors: Cremosnik Gregor S. , Hofer Alexandre , Jessen Henning J. 
Published: November 2013

AbstractP‐Amidite können verwendet werden, um in einer iterativen Kupplung selektiv gemischte PIII‐PV‐Anhydride herzustellen. Diese Intermediate können oxidiert und die terminalen Fluorenylmethylgruppen darauffolgend abgespalten werden. Eine iterative Synthese (Kupplung, Oxidation, Entschützung) von Nukleosidoligophosphaten kann sowohl in Lösung als auch auf einer festen Phase durchgeführt werden. Die Geschwindigkeiten und Ausbeuten der einzelnen Schritte sind hoch, das Vorgehen einfach (keine wasserfreien Reagentien und Lösungsmittel, atmosphärische Bedingungen, keine Schutzgruppen am Nukleotid), und die Reinigung ist sehr einfach. Die Methode kann bei allen kanonischen Nukleosiden angewendet werden und verspricht eine signifikante Vereinfachung des sonst mühsamen Prozesses der P‐Anhydrid‐Synthese.