bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On convergence rates for iteratively regularized Newton-type methods under a Lipschitz-type nonlinearity condition
Authors: Werner Frank 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
We investigate a generalization of the well-known iteratively regularized Gauss–Newton method where the Newton equations are regularized variationally using general data fidelity and penalty terms. To obtain convergence rates, we use a general error assumption which has recently been shown to be useful for impulsive and Poisson noise. We restrict the nonlinearity of the forward operator only by a Lipschitz-type condition and compare our results to other convergence rates results proven in the literature. Finally we explicitly state our convergence rates for the aforementioned case of Poisson noise to shed some light on the structure of the posed error assumption.
A nonstandard approximation of pseudoinverse and a new stopping criterion for iterative regularization
Authors: Bakushinsky Anatoly , Smirnova Alexandra , Liu Hui 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
A problem of solving a (non)linear operator equation, F(u) = y,
F : 𝒳 → 𝒴, on a pair of Hilbert spaces is addressed.
A generalized Gauss–Newton scheme
u

n+1 = ξ
n
- θ(F
'*(un
)F'(un
),τ
n
)F
'*(un
){F(un
) - y
δ - F'(un
)(un
- ξ
n
)}, u
0,ξ
n
∈ 𝒳,
is investigated. Three basic groups of generating functions are considered. A nonstandard approximation of pseudoinverse through a “gentle” iterative
truncation is presented. Its optimality on the class of generating functions with the same correctness coefficient is proven. A novel a posteriori
stopping rule, designed to accommodate noise in both the data and the source condition, is justified. Practical aspects are illustrated with numerical
simulations for a large-scale linear image de-blurring system as well as a nonlinear inverse scattering model.
Nanophotonics of protein amyloids
Authors: Bhattacharya Mily , Mukhopadhyay Samrat 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTechnological breakthroughs in the super-resolution optical imaging techniques have enriched our current understanding of a range of biological systems and biomolecular processes at the nanoscopic spatial resolution. Protein amyloids are an important class of ordered protein assemblies consisting of misfolded proteins that are implicated in a wide range of devastating human diseases. In order to decipher the structural basis of the supramolecular protein assembly in amyloids and their detrimental interactions with the cell membranes, it is important to employ high-resolution optical imaging techniques. Additionally, amyloids could serve as novel biological nanomaterials for a variety of potential applications. In this review, we summarize a few examples of the utility of near-field scanning optical imaging methodologies to obtain a wealth of structural information into the nanoscale amyloid assembly. Although the near-field technologies were developed several decades ago, it is only recently that these methodologies are being applied and adapted for amyloid research to yield novel information pertaining to the exciting nanoscopic world of protein aggregates. We believe that the account on the nanophotonics of amyloids described in this review will be useful for the future studies on the biophysics of amyloids.
Resources for Functional Genomics Studies in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Mohr Stephanie E , Hu Yanhui , Kim Kevin , Housden Benjamin E , Perrimon Norbert 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has become a system of choice for functional genomic studies. Many resources, including online databases and software tools, are now available to support design or identification of relevant fly stocks and reagents or analysis and mining of existing functional genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, etc. datasets. These include large community collections of fly stocks and plasmid clones, “meta” information sites like FlyBase and FlyMine, and an increasing number of more specialized reagents, databases, and online tools. Here, we introduce key resources useful to plan large-scale functional genomics studies in Drosophila and to analyze, integrate, and mine the results of those studies in ways that facilitate identification of highest-confidence results and generation of new hypotheses. We also discuss ways in which existing resources can be used and might be improved and suggest a few areas of future development that would further support large- and small-scale studies in Drosophila and facilitate use of Drosophila information by the research community more generally.
Synthetic Cytotoxicity: Digenic Interactions with TEL1/ATM Mutations Reveal Sensitivity to Low Doses of Camptothecin
Authors: Li Xuesong , O’Neil Nigel J , Moshgabadi Noushin , Hieter Philip 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Many tumors contain mutations that confer defects in the DNA-damage response and genome stability. DNA-damaging agents are powerful therapeutic tools that can differentially kill cells with an impaired DNA-damage response. The response to DNA damage is complex and composed of a network of coordinated pathways, often with a degree of redundancy. Tumor-specific somatic mutations in DNA-damage response genes could be exploited by inhibiting the function of a second gene product to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to a sublethal concentration of a DNA-damaging therapeutic agent, resulting in a class of conditional synthetic lethality we call synthetic cytotoxicity. We used the Saccharomyces cerevisiae nonessential gene-deletion collection to screen for synthetic cytotoxic interactions with camptothecin, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, and a null mutation in TEL1, the S. cerevisiae ortholog of the mammalian tumor-suppressor gene, ATM. We found and validated 14 synthetic cytotoxic interactions that define at least five epistasis groups. One class of synthetic cytotoxic interaction was due to telomere defects. We also found that at least one synthetic cytotoxic interaction was conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans. We have demonstrated that synthetic cytotoxicity could be a useful strategy for expanding the sensitivity of certain tumors to DNA-damaging therapeutics.
Modular Skeletal Evolution in Sticklebacks Is Controlled by Additive and Clustered Quantitative Trait Loci
Authors: Miller Craig T , Glazer Andrew M , Summers Brian R , Blackman Benjamin K , Norman Andrew R , Shapiro Michael D , Cole Bonnie L , Peichel Catherine L , Schluter Dolph , Kingsley David M 
Published: March 2014

AbstractUnderstanding the genetic architecture of evolutionary change remains a long-standing goal in biology. In vertebrates, skeletal evolution has contributed greatly to adaptation in body form and function in response to changing ecological variables like diet and predation. Here we use genome-wide linkage mapping in threespine stickleback fish to investigate the genetic architecture of evolved changes in many armor and trophic traits. We identify &gt;100 quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling the pattern of serially repeating skeletal elements, including gill rakers, teeth, branchial bones, jaws, median fin spines, and vertebrae. We use this large collection of QTL to address long-standing questions about the anatomical specificity, genetic dominance, and genomic clustering of loci controlling skeletal differences in evolving populations. We find that most QTL (76%) that influence serially repeating skeletal elements have anatomically regional effects. In addition, most QTL (71%) have at least partially additive effects, regardless of whether the QTL controls evolved loss or gain of skeletal elements. Finally, many QTL with high LOD scores cluster on chromosomes 4, 20, and 21. These results identify a modular system that can control highly specific aspects of skeletal form. Because of the general additivity and genomic clustering of major QTL, concerted changes in both protective armor and trophic traits may occur when sticklebacks inherit either marine or freshwater alleles at linked or possible “supergene” regions of the stickleback genome. Further study of these regions will help identify the molecular basis of both modular and coordinated changes in the vertebrate skeleton.
Native point defects in multicomponent transparent conducting oxides
Authors: Murat Altynbek , Medvedeva Julia E. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe formation of native point defects in layered multicomponent InAMO4 oxides with A3+=Al or Ga, and M2+=Ca, Mg, or Zn, is investigated using first-principles density functional calculations. We calculated the formation energy of acceptor (cation vacancies, acceptor antisites) and donor (oxygen vacancy, donor antisites) defects within the structurally and chemically distinct layers of InAMO4 oxides. We find that the antisite donor defect, in particular, the A atom substituted on the M atom site (AM) in InAMO4 oxides, have lower formation energies, hence, higher concentrations, as compared to those of the oxygen vacancy which is know to be the major donor defect in binary constituent oxides. The major acceptor (electron “killer”) defects are cation vacancies except for InAlCaO4 where the antisite CaAl is the most abundant acceptor defect. The results of the defect formation analysis help explain the changes in the observed carrier concentrations as a function of chemical composition in InAMO4, and also why the InAlZnO4 samples are unstable under a wide range of growing conditions.
High Rate Charge/Discharge Characteristics in Composite Film of Mesoporous TiO2 and Polyaniline for Photorechargeable Battery
Authors: Nomiyama Teruaki , Sakamoto Kenta , Yoshida Tomohito , Kagiyama Akinori , Horie Yuji 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTOne of promising photorechargeable electrode, which has two functions of photovoltaic and electrical energy storage, is a composite film of mesoporous TiO2 and conducting polymer polyaniline. Galvanostatic charge/discharge characteristics of the TiO2-polyaniline composite were examined to reveal how fast the film was charged. The film with a specific capacity 60-120 mAh g–1 was found to be fully charged at high charging rate 20 mA cm–2 which is comparable to high performance solar cells. Such high charging rate was achieved by the compact polyaniline layer covering the large specific surface area of mesoporous TiO2 film.
Ultralow Gradient HGF-Grown ZnGeP2 and CdGeAs2 and Their Optical Properties
Authors: Schunemann Peter G. , Pollak Thomas M. 
Published: March 2014

ZnGeP2 and CdGeAs2 have long been recognized as promising crystals for infrared frequency generation. They exhibit the highest nonlinear optical coefficients (d36 equals 75 pm/V and 236 pm/V for ZnGeP2 and CdGeAs2, respectively) among all known compounds that possess adequate birefringence for phase matching. ZnGeP2's transparency range (0.62−13 μm) makes it the optimum material for shifting the wavelength of 2-μm pump lasers into the 3–5-μm range via optical parametric oscillation (OPO), whereas that of CdGeAs2 (2.3–18 μm) is better suited for doubling the frequency of CO2 lasers (9–11 μm) into the same range via second-harmonic generation. In both cases however, the application of these materials has been hindered by great difficulty in achieving crack-free single crystals, and by large defect-related absorption losses.The horizontal-gradient-freeze (HGF) growth technique has been instrumental in overcoming these difficulties. “Ultralow” axial gradients (1–3°C/cm) have been used to control stoichiometry by minimizing vapor transport as well as to eliminate cracking due to anisotropic thermal expansion. (The a-axis and c-axis thermal-expansion coefficients of ZnGeP2 differ by a factor of two, whereas those of CdGeAs2 differ by a factor of 15.) In addition, oriented seeds were used to ensure monocrystalline nucleation (because even a small degree of polycrystallinity can lead to cracking even in low gradients) and growth along preferred directions to facilitate fabrication of device crystals. Finally growth was performed in a two-zone, transparent furnace in order to monitor and control the seeding-and-growth process.
The Scientific and Technological Route to the Manufacture of High-Modulus Polyethylene
Authors: Mackley Malcolm 
Published: March 2014

Polyethylene has been manufactured commercially for over sixty years. However recently a high-modulus variant has become available. This article describes the background to the development of high-modulus polyethylene and describes the story behind the sequence of scientific discoveries and technological developments that occurred to enable this advance.Polyethylene was discovered by accident in the 1930s when two scientists working for the ICI chemical company carried out a series of experiments to study the effect of pressure on the reaction kinetics of certain organic liquids and gases. During these experiments, the scientists noted a waxy deposit in their small reaction vessel which marked the birth of one of the world's largest commodity polymers. The crystallographic structure of polyethylene was determined by another ICI industrial scientist who at the time was pioneering x-ray techniques. The crystallography of polyethylene, shown in Figure 1, is relatively simple in that it shows the long CH2-CH2 polymer chains packed in the all “trans” configuration to form an orthorhombic cell.Polyethylene rapidly developed as a commodity thermoplastic finding application in injection molding, extrusion, and packaging. Its prime material characteristics are its toughness, flexibility, and ease of processing. The stiffness of the polymer for most applications was found to be of the order of 1 GPa, which was similar to other thermoplastics but less than metals such as aluminum at 60 GPa and steel at 210 GPa.
Ultrahigh-Density Recording Technologies
Authors: Kryder Mark H. 
Published: March 2014

Magnetic recording and optical recording are the major technologies used to provide long-term storage of information in today's computer systems. Magnetic recording has been used for data storage in computer systems for over 40 years, and the advances in technology that have occurred in that time frame are nothing short of phenomenal. One might expect that after 40 years of dominance, the rate of progress in magnetic recording would be slowing down and that other technologies would be moving in to replace it. However rather than slowing down its rate of progress, magnetic recording is now advancing at a faster rate than at any time in the past. Magnetic hard-disk drives represent the largest segment of the data-storage business, and the number of hard-disk drives sold is increasing at about 20% per year. Tape drives continue to enjoy a very substantial market and are also advancing at a rapid pace while flexible disk drives continue to appear in every personal computer sold and have recently increased capacity by nearly two orders of magnitude.Optical recording was introduced into the marketplace in 1989 and has secured a significant market. However thus far, optical recording has primarily found new market niches, rather than being directly competitive with magnetic recording. CD-ROMs are widely used for the distribution of prerecorded information—a business that is now comparable in size to the magnetic-tape-drive business. On the other hand, erasable, optical drives, which were first introduced in 1989, have not had nearly as much success and have much smaller markets than either magnetic hard drives or tape drives.
Crack Formation and Propagation
Authors: Buck Otto 
Published: March 2014

After Griffith's explanation of the decrease in the strength of a loaded material containing a disbonded area (a crack), it took about another quarter century before “Fracture Mechanics” as an engineering discipline became established. At that time it was the catastrophic failure of the Liberty ships and the basic contributions by Irwin2 that created a high interest in the quantification of the process by which a crack will grow. A series of accidents involving bridges, pressure vessels, generator rotors, aircraft, etc., contributed greatly — not only to further research but also to the opinion that cracks are basically “bad” and should be avoided under all circumstances.I started to become acquainted with cracks in the early 1970s. The U.S. Air. Force had recently lost a few F-lll aircraft in southeast Asia due to wing-box cracking. In reaction, the Air Force decided that the new bomber, the B1, should be designed according to fatigue and fracture criteria. Since the materials were specified mostly by metallurgical engineers, they had to become concerned with the effects, for example, of the materials' microstructures on fatigue and crack propagation. At the same time, the interest in crack formation began to evolve.Furthermore, the capabilities for quantitative nondestructive evaluation of a structure in service increased sharply since it was realized that we have to live with cracks and that not all cracks are necessarily “bad.”
Aluminum-Air Batteries: Materials Related Research
Authors: Maimoni Arturo 
Published: March 2014

Abstract:The aluminum-air power cell is being developed as a power supply for general purpose electric vehicles because it can provide them with the range, acceleration performance, and rapid refueling capability of current internal combustion engine vehicles. This paper describes the general characteristics of the systems and the materials research effort sponsored by DOE to improve the characteristics of the air and aluminum electrodes.
Up Close: Center for Advanced Materials at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
Authors: Gilman John J. 
Published: March 2014

The boundaries between the present performance of materials and the requirements of device designers have for centuries been moving forward. The steps taken to draw these two together are sometimes large; more often they are small. As they occur, we find materials that are stronger, have larger magnetic moments, have higher electron mobilities, etc. Each time the property profile improves, understanding of the physical and chemical properties advances, and new engineering devices based on the improved profile are invented and developed.The purpose of the Center for Advanced Materials (CAM) at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) is to enhance the inter-play between advances in the property profiles of materials and advances in the chemical and physical understanding of them. For this purpose, the location of CAM can be described as ideal. The proximity of this national laboratory to the campus of the University of California at Berkeley provides an unusually rich intellectual setting for the Center. It also provides unique opportunities for the University students and faculty who conduct materials-related research. Indeed, the arrangement should be a model for similar organizations, and it represents a solid method for strengthening materials science and technology throughout the nation.National policy in critical materials has given the national laboratories—including LBL—strong direction and incentive to collaborate with industry and the research universities. This incentive led to the establishment of CAM in order to build on the symbiosis between LBL and the University of California at Berkeley. It strives to extend this symbiosis by bringing industry into the ongoing educational process and by making its special facilities more readily available to industrial researchers.
Do You Get What You Measure? Research Opportunities Based on the Veterans Health Administration Experience
Authors: Thibodeau Nicole , Evans John Harry , Nagarajan Nandu J. 
Published: March 2014

SYNOPSIS
Starting in 1995, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) transformed a bureaucratic healthcare system into a performance-driven, patient-focused integrated healthcare network. The VHA's experience may offer lessons for private and public sector providers as the U.S. explores alternative healthcare delivery systems and payment methods. Similar patient-focused integrated systems are one of the hallmarks of the latest U.S. attempt to improve the quality and efficiency of healthcare delivery. The use of performance incentives to promote cooperation and innovation is also central to both the VHA and the U.S. reform. This study reviews the VHA's experience with an eye to identifying issues and potential research avenues for accounting researchers interested in the role of accounting information for control, coordination, and organizational change.
Optical optimization of organic solar cell with bulk heterojunction
Authors: Gondek E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe work is devoted to the optimization of layer thickness in an organic photovoltaic cell. It presents the applied calculation method which is based on the optical transfer matrix 2×2 formalism. We present the influence of thickness of a PEDOT:PSS layer and of an active layer on the normalized modulus squared of optical electric fields distribution inside devices and on the distributions of exciton generation rate. We present the relationship between optimal thicknesses of the PEDOT:PSS layer and the active layer. We also present the influence of antireflection coating on distributions of optical electrical fields, as well as the distributions of exciton generation rate. Perpendicular and oblique illumination of the photovoltaic structure is discussed.
Interstitial pneumonitis after acetylene welding: A case report
Authors: Brvar Miran 
Published: March 2014

AbstractAcetylene is a colorless gas commonly used for welding. It acts mainly as a simple asphyxiant. In this paper, however, we present a patient who developed a severe interstitial pneumonitis after acetylene exposure during aluminum welding. A 44-year old man was welding with acetylene, argon and aluminum electrode sticks in a non-ventilated aluminum tank for 2 h. Four hours after welding dyspnea appeared and 22 h later he was admitted at the Emergency Department due to severe respiratory insufficiency with pO2 = 6.7 kPa. Chest X-ray showed diffuse interstitial infiltration. Pulmonary function and gas diffusion tests revealed a severe restriction (55% of predictive volume) and impaired diffusion capacity (47% of predicted capacity). Toxic interstitial pneumonitis was diagnosed and high-dose systemic corticosteroid methylprednisolone and inhalatory corticosteroid fluticasone therapy was started. Computed Tomography (CT) of the lungs showed a diffuse patchy ground-glass opacity with no signs of small airway disease associated with interstitial pneumonitis. Corticosteroid therapy was continued for the next 8 weeks gradually reducing the doses. The patient’s follow-up did not show any deterioration of respiratory function. In conclusion, acetylene welding might result in severe toxic interstitial pneumonitis that improves after an early systemic and inhalatory corticosteroid therapy.