bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the genetic and socioeconomic interplay between ADHD and anxiety disorders using Mendelian randomization
Authors: Deng Xiaojuan , Ren Hongyan , Wu Shuang , Jie Huijin , Gu Chengyu 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundADHD and anxiety disorders often co-occur, sharing symptoms and dysfunctions, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive.MethodsTo explore the shared and distinct genetic variations between ADHD and anxiety disorders, we applied Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to ADHD, anxiety disorders, and three socioeconomic factors: income, educational attainment (EA), and intelligence. MR analysis utilized genome-wide association study summary datasets (anxiety disorder: 7,016 cases and 14,745 controls; ADHD: 38,691 cases and 275,986 controls; EA: 766,345 participants; intelligence: 146,808 participants; household income: 392,422 participants), with inverse-variance weighting as the primary method.ResultsOur MR analysis revealed no discernible genetic-level causal effect between ADHD and anxiety disorders (p &gt; 0.77). Additionally, the independent variables for ADHD (25 SNPs) and anxiety disorders (18 SNPs) did not overlap, highlighting the genetic distinction between the two conditions. Higher income (p &lt; 0.002) and EA (p &lt; 0.005) were found to serve as protective factors for both ADHD and anxiety disorders. Genetic predisposition to higher income (86 SNPs) and EA (457 SNPs) were identified as a potential common protective factors for both conditions. Lastly, genetic predisposition to higher intelligence was found to potentially guard against ADHD (p &lt; 0.001) but not against anxiety disorders (p &gt; 0.55).ConclusionOur findings indicate that the shared symptoms observed between ADHD and anxiety disorders are more likely influenced by genetic predispositions related to socioeconomic factors rather than by the genetic predispositions specific to the disorders themselves.
Willingness toward voluntary counseling and testing and associated factors among tuberculosis infected patients at public hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Sifer Samuel Dessu , Getachew Milkiyas Solomon 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundVoluntary counseling and testing for HIV has proven to be a highly effective and cost-efficient approach in many locations, yielding excellent results. It serves as a gateway to a range of HIV-related services, including the provision of antiretroviral drugs. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the willingness toward VCT and associated factors among TB infected patients at Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2023.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was undertaken at public hospitals in Addis Ababa from 1st to 30th of March 2023 with 235 participants using systematic random sampling. Trained data collectors employed a pretested data extraction tool for information gathering. Variables with p-value less than 0.05 in the multivariable logistic regression were considered statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of willingness toward VCT among TB infected patients was (78.3, 95%CI: 72.8, 83.4). Individuals with a primary education level (AOR: 6.32; 95%CI: 1.65, 24.25), government employees (AOR: 5.85; 95%CI: 1.78, 19.22) and private employees (AOR: 3.35; 95%CI: 1.12, 10.01), good knowledge of VCT (AOR: 3.12; 95%CI: 1.36, 7.16), perceived a higher risk (AOR: 6.58; 95%CI: 2.44, 17.73) and perceived stigma (AOR: 14.95; 95%CI: 4.98, 44.91) were factors associated with willingness toward VCT.ConclusionThe proportion of Tuberculosis infected patients expressing willingness toward Voluntary Counseling and Testing in this study was higher than in previous studies, it falls below the UNAIDS target of 90% of people knowing their HIV status. Notably, factors such as level of education, occupation, knowledge, perceived risk, and perceived stigma emerged as independent factors significantly associated with the willingness of TB-infected patients to undergo VCT. These findings underscore the importance of considering socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge levels, and psychosocial factors in designing strategies to enhance VCT acceptance among TB-infected individuals.
“Establishing healthy habits and lifestyles early is very important”: parental views of brain health literacy on dementia prevention in preschool and primary school children
Authors: Chalhoub Tayla M. , Mackenzie Erin , Siette Joyce 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionParents have the potential to drive healthy lifestyle behaviors through educational initiatives. This study aims to understand the prevalent thoughts and perceptions parents have toward brain health educational programs for preschool and primary school settings, whilst also contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the role parents can play in the broader context of dementia reduction strategies and the cultivation of brain health awareness among children.MethodsParents with children aged between 2 and 11 years old were interviewed about their current knowledge of dementia, prior beliefs, current lifestyle factors and opinions on educating their children from a young age on the topic of dementia literacy. Thematic deductive analysis was employed to systematically categorize and interpret the qualitative data obtained from these interviews.ResultsThirty parents (Mage = 38.6, SD = 4.9, Range = 32–48) identified three core themes on nurturing bodies and minds (e.g., conceptualizing the link between intellectual engagement, continuous learning, and the prevention of cognitive decline), brain health literacy (e.g., current knowledge and awareness of brain health, dementia and associated stigma, and provision of age-appropriate health literacy) and parental concerns (i.e., barriers to initiating conversations about dementia with children and strategies to address and alleviate parental concerns). Parents possessing prior knowledge of dementia and its modifiable risk factors exhibited greater propensity to educate their children on the associated risk factors.ConclusionOur study highlights the vital influence of parents’ experiences, health literacy, and education on the acceptance of brain health education for children. Future interventions should target stigma reduction, enhance awareness, and offer accessible information on modifiable dementia risk factors, enabling a conducive environment for active parental involvement in educating children about brain health and contributing to future well-being.
Individual and relational dynamics perceived to influence the sexual behaviour of adolescents in Ethiopia: a qualitative study
Authors: Baraki Semere Gebremariam , Thupayagale-tshweneagae Gloria 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThere are 1.2 billion adolescents in the world today, more than ever before, making up 16% of the world's population and nearly one-fourth of the total population in Sub-Saharan Africa. Adolescents are facing life-threatening health challenges attributed to sexual and reproductive health issues such as unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and sexually transmitted infections, including the human immunodeficiency virus, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The aim of this research is to explore the individual and relational levels of factors that drive adolescents to engage in risky sexual behaviour.MethodsA qualitative phenomenological study design was used from February to June 2020. Adolescents and health professionals were selected purposefully. A total of 12 individual in-depth interviews, five focus group discussions with adolescents, and eight key informant interviews with health professionals were conducted using a semi-structured guide. Data analysis was performed using thematic analysis with ATLAS Ti version 7 software. Credibility, dependability, transferability, and confirmability were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the data.ResultsIn this study, two themes were identified; individual level factors such as sexual desire and emotion driven sex, limited knowledge of sexual and reproductive health, and a permissive attitude towards sexual activities drive adolescents to engage in risky sexual behaviour; and relational level factors such as, limited family support and involvement, negative peer pressure and influence, male partner dominance during the partnership, and pressuring females to engage in sexual intercourse were perceived factors influencing adolescents to engage in risky sexual behaviour.ConclusionVarious individual-level and relational-level factors are influencing adolescents to engage in risky sexual behaviour. Socially and culturally acceptable, comprehensive sexual education should be provided for in-school and out-school adolescents to enhance their knowledge, attitude, and skill about sexual and reproductive health. Interventions at the peer and partner level should be considered to enhance the life skills that enable them to resist pressure from peers and their partners. Child-parent communication on sexual and reproductive health matters should be promoted.
The impact of labor force aging on agricultural total factor productivity of farmers in China: implications for food sustainability
Authors: Tong Ting , Ye Feng , Zhang Qing , Liao Wenmei , Ding Yifei , Liu Yi , Li Gucheng 
Published: August 2024

IntroductionThe rapid aging of the labor force has serious implications for socioeconomic development and poses challenges to food sustainability. Existing studies have focused on the impact of labor force aging on land productivity, but little attention has been paid to the comprehensive capacity of agricultural production, namely the total factor productivity of agriculture.MethodsWe estimate the impact of labor force aging on total factor productivity in agriculture using data from 170,506 sample farm households from the National Fixed Point Survey data from 2003 to 2020. We estimate the results using a panel fixed effects approach and mitigate the endogeneity problem using an instrumental variables approach to ensure the robustness of the estimates.Results and discussionThe results show that labor force aging has an adverse effect on the agricultural total factor productivity of farm households and remains robust after addressing endogeneity and substituting explanatory variables. The aging effect shows significant heterogeneity across different food functional areas with different types of farm households. The negative impact of labor force aging on total factor productivity in agriculture is mainly concentrated in the main grain-production and grain-producing and marketing-balanced areas. We also find that the negative impact of labor force aging is more significant among large-scale farmers. The mechanism analysis finds that the aging of the labor force adversely affects the agricultural total factor productivity by inhibiting technological progress and reducing the efficiency of agricultural resource allocation. These insights, when considered in the light of global trends towards agricultural labor aging, suggest that policy interventions aimed at promoting technological adoption, enhancing resource allocation efficiency, and supporting the transitioning of older farmers may hold promise for maintaining food sustainability and addressing the challenges posed by an aging agricultural workforce in numerous developing nations.
Modeling uncertainty: the impact of noise in T cell differentiation
Authors: Martínez-Méndez David , Villarreal Carlos , Huerta Leonor 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThe regulatory mechanisms guiding CD4 T cell differentiation are complex and are further influenced by intrinsic cell variability along with that of microenvironmental cues, such as cytokine and nutrient availability.ObjectiveThis study aims to expand our understanding of CD4 T cell differentiation by examining the influence of intrinsic noise on cell fate.MethodologyA model based on a complex regulatory network of early signaling events involved in CD4 T cell activation and differentiation was described in terms of a set of stochastic differential equation to assess the effect of noise intensity on differentiation efficiency to the Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg, and TFH effector phenotypes under defined cytokine and nutrient conditions.ResultsThe increase of noise intensity decreases differentiation efficiencies. In a microenvironment of Th1-inducing cytokines and optimal nutrient conditions, noise levels of 3%, 5% and 10% render Th1 differentiation efficiencies of 0.87, 0.76 and 0.62, respectively, underscoring the sensitivity of the network to random variations. Further increments of noise reveal that the network is relatively stable until noise levels of 20%, where the resulting cell phenotypes becomes heterogeneous. Notably, Treg differentiation showed the highest robustness to noise perturbations. A combined Th1-Th2 cytokine environment with optimal nutrient levels induces a dominant Th1 phenotype; however, removal of glutamine shifts the balance towards the Th2 phenotype at all noise levels, with an efficiency similar to that obtained under Th2-only cytokine conditions. Similarly, combinations of Th1/Treg and Treg/Th17-inducing cytokines along with the removal of either tryptophan or oxygen shift the dominant Th1 and Treg phenotypes towards Treg and Th17 respectively. Model results are consistent with differentiation efficiency patterns obtained under well-controlled experimental settings reported in the literature.ConclusionThe stochastic CD4 T cell mathematical model presented here demonstrates a noise-dependent modulation of T cell differentiation induced by cytokines and nutrient availability. Modeling results can be explained by the network topology, which assures that the system will arrive at stable states of cell functionality despite variable levels of biological intrinsic noise. Moreover, the model provides insights into the robustness of the T cell differentiation process.
Preparing Teachers for Linguistically Diverse Classrooms—A Systematic Review on Interventions and Intersectional Perspectives
Authors: Volknant Sarah , Licandro Ulla 
Published: August 2024

Teachers need to be well-equipped to work with diverse groups of students from various linguistic backgrounds. Following the PRISMA guidelines, this systematic review analyzed international empirical research on interventions aiming at preparing secondary pre-service teachers for teaching linguistically diverse students. The dataset includes papers from 2012 to 2022 retrieved through the electronic databases ERIC, Education Source, and Scopus. The goal of this review was twofold, namely (1) to investigate how interventions contribute to the development of strategies and skills for teaching linguistically diverse students and (2) to analyze which of the identified interventions considered aspects of intersectionality and, more specifically, in what sense. Multiple intervention strategies, such as assessment tools, self-inquiry, or practice experiences, were found. Regarding the targeted skills of pre-service teachers, this review identified the emerging themes of Methods and Instruction, Critical and Reflective Thinking, as well as Linguistic Awareness. While the term intersectionality was hardly used explicitly, several studies implicitly addressed intersectional matters. Single-issue approaches, which considered multiple diversity referents in an additive rather than an interconnected way, occurred most frequently. This review underlines the need for interventions in teacher education that are based on a broader understanding of linguistic diversity and emphasizes the importance of employing critical and intersectional perspectives.
Unique Presentation of Mycoplasma pneumoniae-Induced Rash and Mucositis with Salivary Gland Inflammation in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Kucharek Izabela , Bednarz Klaudia , Sybilski Adam Jerzy 
Published: August 2024

Background: Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a significant respiratory pathogen leading to community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), especially in children. Up to 30% of confirmed MP cases can develop dermatological symptoms, with Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis (MIRM) being a distinct clinical entity marked by mucous membrane inflammation, with or without skin lesions. Methods: This case report describes a 7-year-old girl admitted with fever, stomatitis, conjunctivitis, and skin lesions. On the second day, a painful neck enlargement was observed, with ultrasound confirming bilateral submandibular salivary gland inflammation and elevated serum amylase levels. The patient later developed pneumonia, confirmed via chest X-ray and pleural ultrasound. MP infection was confirmed via specific IgM antibodies and PCR in a throat swab. Results: The patient was diagnosed with MIRM and was treated with clarithromycin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, and methylprednisolone, resulting in a full recovery. Conclusions: This case highlights a unique presentation of MIRM with salivary gland inflammation, not previously described in pediatric mycoplasmal infections.
A First Approach for the In Vitro Cultivation, Storage, and DNA Barcoding of the Endangered Endemic Species Euonymus koopmannii
Authors: Kali Balnur , Bekkuzhina Sara , Tussipkan Dilnur , Manabayeva Shuga 
Published: August 2024

Euonymus koopmannii is a rare and protected species in Kazakhstan, valued for its ecological role in soil stabilization and its ornamental properties. This study presents the first use of micropropagation and phylogenetic analysis for the endemic plant E. koopmannii. Seedlings of E. koopmannii proved to be more effective than internodes as primary explants for plant micropropagation of in vitro culture, with a multiplication coefficient of 28.5 from seedlings and 6.1 from internodes. On MSR I medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA and 0.05 mg/L IAA, a higher success rate of 67% was achieved for root formation of test tube-grown E. koopmannii plants. Using mannitol as an osmotic agent at a concentration of 8 mg/L prolonged the storage time of E. koopmannii under slow growth conditions when compared to CCC and abscisic acid. Phylogenetic relationships and species identification were analyzed using four DNA-barcoding markers, comparing E. koopmannii with species from NCBI. All candidate barcoding markers showed sufficient levels of interspecific genetic variation among Euonymus species. In addition, ITS region and rbcL gene sequences effectively distinguished E. koopmannii from other species. These results provide fundamental information that will be valuable for future biotechnological and molecular studies.
The influence of Cyberloafing behavior, Work-life Balance and Work Environment on Building Construction Employee Performance
Authors: Purakusumah Dony Ilham , Soegoto Dedi Sulistiyo 
Published: August 2024

Human resources are the main driving force in the company, whether it is a trading or service company. Human resources who basically have the ability to help organizations achieve goals or profits should be encouraged and facilitated in such a way by the company to support the maximum performance of these human resources. Especially in building construction companies, typical work that requires excellent performance requires several factors that companies must consider to improve employee performance. Factors that can support it are work life balance and a good work environment, as with minimizing employee cyberloafing. The purpose of this study is to identify how employee performance is influenced by the influence of cyberloafing behavior (X1), work-life balance (X2) and work environment (X3) on employee performance (Y) at PT Binamitra Group. The sample of this study is 40 employees. stay PT. Binamitra Group. This type of research is explanatory research. Data collection was carried out by preliminary interviews and questionnaires. Data were analyzed by linear regression. The results showed that: The results showed that cyberloafing behaviorhad a significant negative effect on employee performance, work-life balance had a significant positive effect on work performance, and the work environment had a significant positive effect on employee performance. Author's suggestion to improve employee performance at PT. The Binamitra Group can pay attention to this cyberloaping behavior which can result in a decrease in the performance of each of its employees.
Indonesia Australia-Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA) Cooperation in Increasing Economic Growth after the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Primawanti Henike , Khoirunnisa Rifda Alviani , Tisnakusumahnita Azizah , Nurrahman Diyat 
Published: August 2024

This article aims to analyze the implementation of the Indonesia-Australia-Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (IA-CEPA) cooperation in increasing the two countries’ economic growth after the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, researchers outline the history of Indonesia-Australia foreign relations, explore the potential of the two countries, and explore the prospects for economic cooperation between the two countries. Researchers use qualitative methods with the collection of literature studies, documentation studies, and searches on the internet. The results of this study found that Indonesia and Australia benefited from the collaboration. This shows that both countries can contribute with their respective advantages, both geographically and demographically. This article is expected to be one of the academic references on the issue of bilateral cooperation and for stakeholders in formulating policies on the economic aspects of the two countries.