bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Symbolic View of Cigarette Holders
Authors: Mulcahy F. David , Sherman Melissa 
Published: October 2015

<p>The cigarette holder became a fashion accessory for women in the early 1920s and remained popular until the 1960s. <em>The New York Times</em> was used as a data base to evaluate its symbolism and function during this period. It is argued that the artifact became a symbol of assertiveness for many women both in real life and fiction including the ballet mistress Bronislava Nijinska, the mythical and fictionally portrayed Dragon Lady—who was a glamorous but larcenous female war-lord, the fictional Satin Doll, an astute potential lover who would not let herself be manipulated by men, young flappers in restaurants, great, gruff ladies who were ballet <em>aficionadas</em>, Sappho, an overbearing Russian governess, and Nathalie de Ville, a fictional female social predator. The article points out in detail how the cigarette holder was isomorphic, with and reflected in, the new 1920s women’s fashion silhouette which quickly replaced the somewhat “squat” Gilded Era women’s costume. It had no pinched waist, an almost nonexistent bodice and hips, and gave an overall tall, slim and graceful impression.</p>
¿Es posible mejorar el Autoconcepto Físico universitario mediante una Intervención Cognitiva?
Authors: Axpe Inge , Infante Borinaga Guillermo , Fernández Zabala Arantza 
Published: October 2015

ResumenEl interés de las últimas décadas por conocer los factores implicados en el bienestar de los sujetos ha mostrado la estrecha relación entre la satisfacción vital y el autoconcepto físico. Contribuir a mejorar la autopercepción física de las personas, especialmente adolescentes y jóvenes, mejoraría tanto su salud física como mental, repercutiendo positivamente sobre su satisfacción vital. Pese a ello, no se conocen propuestas de intervención que desde una perspectiva multidimensional y cognitiva, traten de mejorar el autoconcepto físico de los jóvenes. En este estudio se evalúa la aplicación de un programa de estas características con 171 estudiantes de universidad; 112 sujetos en el grupo experimental (edad media 20.00, SD=3.36) y 59 en el grupo control (edad media 20.10, SD=3.44). Los resultados no indican mejoras estadísticamente significativas de los sujetos tras la intervención, no obstante ofrecen una información relevante que contribuye a perfilar las características a incluir en el diseño de futuras implementaciones más eficaces y exitosas. AbstractThe interest raised during the last decade about the factors involved in the personal well-being has shown the positive relation between life satisfaction and physical self-concept. Improving the physical self-perception of people, especially during adolescence and youth, would contribute both to their physical and mental health, and therefore, boost their life satisfaction. Despite, there is a lack of intervention proposals which, from a multidimensional and cognitive approach, try to improve the physical self-concept of young people. This study presents and evaluates a program of those features, implemented with 171 university students (112 in the experimental group, mean age 20.00 years, SD = 3.36; and 59 students in the control group, mean age 20.10 years; SD = 3.44). After the completion of the program, no statistically significant differences are found in the physical self-concept scores of the experimental group. Nonetheless, those results suppose relevant information in order to identify the more effective characteristics which future intervention designs should consider to booster their efficacy.
Efecto del estilo docente en la motivación de mujeres practicantes de ejercicio físico
Authors: Joseph Polyte Paulette J , Belando Noelia , Huéscar Elisa , Moreno-Murcia Juan Antonio 
Published: October 2015

ResumenLa motivación intrínseca en un entorno social adecuado puede optimizar el desarrollo físico-deportivo en mujeres. Preocupados por el ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue comprobar el poder de predicción del estilo controlador y la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas sobre la motivación intrínseca. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 325 mujeres practicantes de ejercicio físico, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 72 años (M = 32.4; DT = 11.40). Los resultados indican que el estilo controlador por parte del docente predice negativamente la motivación intrínseca, mientras los mediadores psicológicos lo hacen positivamente. El uso de las recompensas, la condición negativa así como la utilización de métodos de intimidación y un excesivo control hace que las mujeres no se sientan intrínsecamente motivadas, mientras que la satisfacción de la competencia, autonomía y relación con los demás si lo consiguen. AbstractIntrinsic motivation in a suitable social environment can provide a good physical and athletic development in women. Concerned Thus, the aim of this study was to test the predictive power driver style and the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of intrinsic motivation. The sample consisted of 325 women practicing regular physical exercise athletes, aged 18 to 72 years (M = 32.4, SD = 11.40). The results indicate that the driver of the teaching style negatively predicted intrinsic motivation while we predict positive psychological mediators. In this sense it seems that the use of rewards, the negative condition and use methods of intimidation and excessive control makes women feel intrinsically motivation, which could lead to a possible abandonment of physical sports. In this attempt could be out experimental studies demonstrating the effects between the controller style of fitness instructor and how motivated women towards physical sport.
Autoeficacia específica para la Jubilación, Intenciones de retiro y Satisfacción vital en trabajadores mayores de 40 años.
Authors: Valero Ibáñez Encarna , Segura Adrián , Topa Cantisano Gabriela 
Published: October 2015

ResumenLa autoeficacia para la jubilación incluye las percepciones de la medida en la cual uno será capaz de enfrentarse con las tareas que implica la nueva situación de retiro. Esta investigación se propone explorar los factores psicosociales que pronostican las intenciones de retiro y la satisfacción con la vida cerca de la jubilación. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo con una muestra de1325 trabajadores españoles de 40 años o más. La autoeficacia para la jubilación pronostica las intenciones de retiro (jubilación parcial y total) y la satisfacción vital cercana a la jubilación, añadiendo poder predictivo a la autoeficacia generalizada. Pese a este hecho, solo dos dimensiones de la autoeficacia para la jubilación explican exitosamente todos los resultados (las finanzas y la salud). Nuestros hallazgos subrayan que la autoeficacia para la jubilación pronostica positivamente las intenciones de jubilación total y la satisfacción con la jubilación de los trabajadores mayores, y negativamente las intenciones de jubilación parcial. Las implicaciones de estos estudios se discuten de cara a entender la planificación de la jubilación y a mejorar las prácticas de orientación a las personas mayores. AbstractRetirement self-efficacy includes perceptions of the extent to which one will be capable of dealing with the tasks involved in the new retiree situation. This research aims to explore the psychosocial factors that predict retirement intentions and satisfaction with life near retirement. The study has been conducted with a sample of 1,325 Spanish workers aged 40 and over. Retirement self-efficacy predicted retirement intentions (part-time retirement, and full retirement) and life satisfaction near retirement, adding predictive power to generalized self efficacy. Despite this fact, only two Retirement self efficacy dimensions successfully explained all the results (finances and health). Our findings highlight that retirement self efficacy positively predict both full retirement and retirement satisfaction of aged workers, and negatively predicted partial retirement intentions. The implications of these studies are discussed for understanding retirement planning and counselling practice.
Late initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy in Canada: a call for a national public health strategy to improve engagement in HIV care
Authors: Cescon Angela , Patterson Sophie , Davey Colin , Ding Erin , Raboud Janet M , Chan Keith , Loutfy Mona R , Cooper Curtis , Burchell Ann N , Palmer Alexis K , Tsoukas Christos , Machouf Nima , Klein Marina B , Rourke Sean B , Rachlis Anita , Hogg Robert S , Montaner Julio SG ,   the CANOC Collaboration
Published: October 2015

IntroductionCombination antiretroviral therapy (ART) significantly decreases morbidity, mortality and HIV transmission. We aimed to characterize the timing of ART initiation based on CD4 cell count from 2000 to 2012 and identify factors associated with late initiation of treatment.MethodsParticipants from the Canadian Observational Cohort (CANOC), a multi‐site cohort of HIV‐positive adults initiating ART naively after 1 January 2000, in three Canadian provinces (British Columbia, Ontario and Québec) were included. Late initiation was defined as a CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 or an AIDS‐defining illness before ART initiation (baseline). Temporal trends were assessed using the Cochran–Armitage test, and independent correlates of late initiation were identified using logistic regression.ResultsIn total, 8942 participants (18% female) of median age 40 years (Q1–Q3 33–47) were included. The median baseline CD4 count increased from 190 cells/mm3 (Q1–Q3 80–320) in 2000 to 360 cells/mm3 (Q1–Q3 220–490) in 2012 (p<0.001). Overall, 4274 participants (48%) initiated ART with a CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 or AIDS‐defining illness. Late initiation was more common among women, non‐MSM, older individuals, participants from Ontario and BC (vs. Québec), persons with injection drug use (IDU) history and individuals starting ART in earlier calendar years. In sub‐analysis exploring recent (2008 to 2012) predictors using an updated CD4 criterion (<350 cells/mm3), IDU and residence in BC (vs. Québec) were no longer significant correlates of late initiation.ConclusionsThis analysis documents increasing baseline CD4 counts over time among Canadians initiating ART. However, CD4 counts at ART initiation remain below contemporary treatment guidelines, highlighting the need for strategies to improve earlier engagement in HIV care.
“Trunk‐like” heavy ion structures observed by the Van Allen Probes
Authors: Zhang J.‐C. , Kistler L. M. , Spence H. E. , Wolf R. A. , Reeves G. , Skoug R. , Funsten H. , Larsen B. A. , Niehof J. T. , MacDonald E. A. , Friedel R. , Ferradas C. P. , Luo H. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractDynamic ion spectral features in the inner magnetosphere are the observational signatures of ion acceleration, transport, and loss in the global magnetosphere. We report “trunk‐like” ion structures observed by the Van Allen Probes on 2 November 2012. This new type of ion structure looks like an elephant's trunk on an energy‐time spectrogram, with the energy of the peak flux decreasing Earthward. The trunks are present in He+ and O+ ions but not in H+. During the event, ion energies in the He+ trunk, located at L = 3.6–2.6, magnetic local time (MLT) = 9.1–10.5, and magnetic latitude (MLAT) = −2.4–0.09°, vary monotonically from 3.5 to 0.04 keV. The values at the two end points of the O+ trunk are energy = 4.5–0.7 keV, L = 3.6–2.5, MLT = 9.1–10.7, and MLAT = −2.4–0.4°. Results from backward ion drift path tracings indicate that the trunks are likely due to (1) a gap in the nightside ion source or (2) greatly enhanced impulsive electric fields associated with elevated geomagnetic activity. Different ion loss lifetimes cause the trunks to differ among ion species.
Seasonal variation of local atmospheric circulations and boundary layer structure in the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei region and implications for air quality
Authors: Miao Yucong , Hu Xiao‐Ming , Liu Shuhua , Qian Tingting , Xue Ming , Zheng Yijia , Wang Shu 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (BTH) region experiences frequent heavy haze pollution in fall and winter. Pollution was often exacerbated by unfavorable atmospheric boundary layer (BL) conditions. The topography in this region impacts the BL processes in complex ways. Such impacts and implications on air quality are not yet clearly understood. The BL processes in all four seasons in BTH are thus investigated in this study using idealized simulations with the WRF‐Chem model. Results suggest that seasonal variation of thermal conditions and synoptic patterns significantly modulates BL processes. In fall, with a relatively weak northwesterly synoptic forcing, thermal contrast between the mountains and the plain leads to a prominent mountain‐plain breeze circulation (MPC). In the afternoon, the downward branch of the MPC, in addition to northwesterly warm advection, suppresses BL development over the western side of BTH. In the eastern coastal area, a sea‐breeze circulation develops late in the morning and intensifies during the afternoon. In summer, southeasterly BL winds allow the see‐breeze front to penetrate farther inland (∼150 km from the coast), and the MPC is less prominent. In spring and winter, with strong northwesterly synoptic winds, the sea‐breeze circulation is confined in the coastal area, and the MPC is suppressed. The BL height is low in winter due to strong near‐surface stability, while BL heights are large in spring due to strong mechanical forcing. The relatively low BL height in fall and winter may have exacerbated the air pollution, thus contributing to the frequent severe haze events in the BTH region.
Flood‐type classification in mountainous catchments using crisp and fuzzy decision trees
Authors: Sikorska Anna E. , Viviroli Daniel , Seibert Jan 
Published: October 2015

AbstractFloods are governed by largely varying processes and thus exhibit various behaviors. Classification of flood events into flood types and the determination of their respective frequency is therefore important for a better understanding and prediction of floods. This study presents a flood classification for identifying flood patterns at a catchment scale by means of a fuzzy decision tree. Hence, events are represented as a spectrum of six main possible flood types that are attributed with their degree of acceptance. Considered types are flash, short rainfall, long rainfall, snow‐melt, rainfall on snow and, in high alpine catchments, glacier‐melt floods. The fuzzy decision tree also makes it possible to acknowledge the uncertainty present in the identification of flood processes and thus allows for more reliable flood class estimates than using a crisp decision tree, which identifies one flood type per event. Based on the data set in nine Swiss mountainous catchments, it was demonstrated that this approach is less sensitive to uncertainties in the classification attributes than the classical crisp approach. These results show that the fuzzy approach bears additional potential for analyses of flood patterns at a catchment scale and thereby it provides more realistic representation of flood processes.
Performance assessment of switched control systems based on tensor space approach
Authors: Jiang Deng‐Yin , Hu Li‐Sheng , Shi Peng 
Published: October 2015

SummaryBased on tensor space, a new performance assessment approach is proposed for switched control systems in this paper. Switched control system is widely existing in industrial processes, especially in safety‐important processes where the systems controlled may be switched by protection logic during accident. Clearly, bad performance of control and protection strategies will eventually drive the system to a dangerous condition. To treat this problem, one may set up a performance assessment procedure for the switched control systems using multiple model method, where performance is evaluated through assessment of every individual submodel of the switched system. Obviously, this approach ignores interaction nature between control algorithm and protection strategy. The proposed method can capture the interaction nature of control and protection systems. In the tensor space, the interacting relation of control and protection systems can be synthetically represented by adding the logical switching space. Specifically, the tensor space modeling representation for switched systems has been developed, which can actually model the high coupling interaction of control and protection systems. The data‐driven tensor space algorithm based on higher‐order singular value decomposition has also been developed to assess the performance of switched control systems. By using orthogonal projection in tensor space extended from the matrix space, prediction error approach has been employed to obtain the optimal prediction error variance being as the control performance benchmark for performance assessment. Finally, numerical simulation examples are presented to illustrate the rationality and effectiveness of tensor space approach by comparing with the multiple model approach. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Copying of RNA Sequences without Pre‐Activation
Authors: Jauker Mario , Griesser Helmut , Richert Clemens 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTemplate‐directed incorporation of nucleotides at the terminus of a growing complementary strand is the basis of replication. For RNA, this process can occur in the absence of enzymes, if the ribonucleotides are first converted to an active species with a leaving group. Thus far, the activation required a separate chemical step, complicating prebiotically plausible scenarios. Here we show that a combination of a carbodiimide and an organocatalyst induces near‐quantitative incorporation of any of the four ribonucleotides. Upon in situ activation, adenosine monophosphate was found to also form oligomers in aqueous solution. So, both de novo strand formation and sequence‐specific copying can occur without an artificial synthetic step.
Spontaneous Formation of RNA Strands, Peptidyl RNA, and Cofactors
Authors: Jauker Mario , Griesser Helmut , Richert Clemens 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHow the biochemical machinery evolved from simple precursors is an open question. Here we show that ribonucleotides and amino acids condense to peptidyl RNAs in the absence of enzymes under conditions established for genetic copying. Untemplated formation of RNA strands that can encode genetic information, formation of peptidyl chains linked to RNA, and formation of the cofactors NAD+, FAD, and ATP all occur under the same conditions. In the peptidyl RNAs, the peptide chains are phosphoramidate‐linked to a ribonucleotide. Peptidyl RNAs with long peptide chains were selected from an initial pool when a lipophilic phase simulating the interior of membranes was offered, and free peptides were released upon acidification. Our results show that key molecules of genetics, catalysis, and metabolism can emerge under the same conditions, without a mineral surface, without an enzyme, and without the need for chemical pre‐activation.
Dual Lewis Acidic/Basic Pd0.5Ru0.5–Poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) Alloyed Nanoparticle: Outstanding Catalytic Activity and Selectivity in Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Kutubi Md. Shahajahan , Sato Katsutoshi , Wada Kenji , Yamamoto Tomokazu , Matsumura Syo , Kusada Kohei , Kobayashi Hirokazu , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Nagaoka Katsutoshi 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis article anticipates the development of dual Lewis acidic/basic alloyed nanoparticle (NP) of poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone)‐stabilized Pd0.5Ru0.5 solid solution, revealing equivalent Pdδ+ and Ruδ− on the NP surface. This unsupported NP disclosed excellent catalytic efficiency with high turnover frequency, 15 000 h−1 in Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling under notable drop of both Pd loading (0.08 mol %) and time (5 min) in air, attributed for its bifunctional acidic/basic modes. The bifunctional modes exposed the most interesting new reaction mechanism ascribed by the inductive effects of p‐substituents in arylboronic acid, accelerated reactivity by electron‐withdrawing group, revealing an opposite reactivity trend relative to other Pd‐based catalysts. Besides, the significant drops of Pd loading and reaction time impeded the metal leaching associated with no changes in NP surface composition/structure after the 3rd cycle (>99 % efficiency), revealing a line‐up for this NP in the environmental sustainability.
Thermomechanical Treatment of Metal Composite Fractions
Authors: Rotheut Martin , Horst Thomas , Quicker Peter 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe investigation focuses on shredder light fractions, electrical waste, and metal concentrates from landfills that can be treated mechanically only with difficulty. The fractions were input to a combined thermomechanical treatment to procure a high degree of composite component separation. Suitable process parameters were identified and the respective treatment outcomes evaluated. Overall, it was possible to verify the basic suitability of the thermomechanical treatment of metal‐rich composite mixtures for recovering the metals contained.
Reductive Smelting of Red Mud for Iron Recovery
Authors: Kaußen Frank , Friedrich Bernd 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe reductive smelting of red mud is calculated and investigated regarding the necessary amount of reduction agents and the final composition of the pig iron phase and the mineral (slag) phase as products of the process. Liquidus temperatures of slags with three different compositions are calculated during the reduction process and in dependency of the remaining sodium content in the slag. All calculations were done with FactSage and the results are confirmed by smelting experiments in a lab scale electric arc furnace.
Experiments and a three‐phase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation coupled with population balance equations of a stirred tank bioreactor for high cell density cultivation
Authors: Azargoshasb Hamidreza , Mousavi Seyyed Mohammad , Jamialahmadi Oveis , Shojaosadati Seyed Abbas , Mousavi Seyyed Babak 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis research describes a three dimensional (3‐D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation coupled with population balance equations (PBE) to study hydrodynamics and biomass production in a laboratory‐scale stirred‐tank bioreactor. The gas‐liquid‐solid flow was modelled using a Eulerian multiphase and turbulence (RNG) model. The energy dissipation rates, gas holdup, flow patterns, Sauter mean bubble diameter, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient were investigated for three different types of impeller using a multiple reference frame (MRF) model within the whole multiphase bioreactor. The effects of aeration rate and impeller speed on gas holdup and volumetric mass transfer coefficient were investigated owing to oxygen limitation in high cell density cultivation (HCDC). As high viscosity puts a limit on the efficiency of the bioreactor, the influences of viscosity on Sauter mean diameter, gas holdup, and volumetric mass transfer coefficient were also assessed. To determine growth kinetics as well as gas holdup, a set of experiments was performed. The numerical results of gas holdup and kLa were compared with the experimental data. Obtained results suggest that the Scaba impeller results in higher values of volumetric mass transfer coefficient, and subsequently higher biomass concentrations. One of the greatest problems in HCDC is feed accumulation in particular places. As depletion of substrate occurs near the impeller, the best spot for feeding purposes is in the vicinity of the impeller. Current research gives insight into the determination of the optimal operating conditions of HCDC in stirred bioreactors.