bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards 3D determination of the surface roughness of core–shell microparticles as a routine quality control procedure by scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Hülagü Deniz , Tobias Charlie , Dao Radek , Komarov Pavel , Rurack Knut , Hodoroaba Vasile-Dan 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecently, we have developed an algorithm to quantitatively evaluate the roughness of spherical microparticles using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. The algorithm calculates the root-mean-squared profile roughness (RMS-RQ) of a single particle by analyzing the particle’s boundary. The information extracted from a single SEM image yields however only two-dimensional (2D) profile roughness data from the horizontal plane of a particle. The present study offers a practical procedure and the necessary software tools to gain quasi three-dimensional (3D) information from 2D particle contours recorded at different particle inclinations by tilting the sample (stage). This new approach was tested on a set of polystyrene core-iron oxide shell-silica shell particles as few micrometer-sized beads with different (tailored) surface roughness, providing the proof of principle that validates the applicability of the proposed method. SEM images of these particles were analyzed by the latest version of the developed algorithm, which allows to determine the analysis of particles in terms of roughness both within a batch and across the batches as a routine quality control procedure. A separate set of particles has been analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) as a powerful complementary surface analysis technique integrated into SEM, and the roughness results have been compared.
The impact of CLDN18.2 expression on effector cells mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in gastric cancer
Authors: Matsuishi Akira , Nakajima Shotaro , Saito Motonobu , Saito Katsuharu , Fukai Satoshi , Tsumuraya Hideaki , Kanoda Ryo , Kikuchi Tomohiro , Nirei Azuma , Kaneta Akinao , Okayama Hirokazu , Mimura Kosaku , Hanayama Hiroyuki , Sakamoto Wataru , Momma Tomoyuki , Saze Zenichiro , Kono Koji 
Published: August 2024

AbstractActivating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by targeting claudin-18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2) using zolbetuximab, a monoclonal antibody against CLDN18.2, has been considered a promising novel therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer (GC). However, the impact of CLDN18.2 expression on natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes/macrophages—crucial effector cells of ADCC—in GC has not been fully investigated. In the present study, we assessed the impact of CLDN18.2 expression on clinical outcomes, molecular features, and the frequencies of tumor-infiltrating NK cells and macrophages, as well as peripheral blood NK cells and monocytes, in GC by analyzing our own GC cohorts. The expression of CLDN18.2 did not significantly impact clinical outcomes of GC patients, while it was significantly and positively associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) status and PD-L1 expression. The frequencies of tumor-infiltrating NK cells and macrophages, as well as peripheral blood NK cells and monocytes, were comparable between CLDN18.2-positive and CLDN18.2-negative GCs. Importantly, both CLDN18.2 expression and the number of tumor-infiltrating NK cells were significantly higher in EBV-associated GC compared to other molecular subtypes. Our findings support the effectiveness of zolbetuximab in CLDN18.2-positive GC, and offer a novel insight into the treatment of this cancer type, highlighting its potential effectiveness for CLDN18.2-positive/EBV-associated GC.
Spatial profiling of non-small cell lung cancer provides insights into tumorigenesis and immunotherapy response
Authors: Kim Joon , Yong Seung Hyun , Jang Gyuho , Kim Yumin , Park Raekil , Koh Hyun-Hee , Kim Sehui , Oh Chang-Myung , Lee Sang Hoon 
Published: August 2024

AbstractLung cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy, the prognosis remains unfavorable, especially in metastatic cases. This study aims to identify molecular changes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients based on their response to treatment. Using tumor and matched immune cell rich peritumoral tissues, we perform a retrospective, comprehensive spatial transcriptomic analysis of a proven malignant NSCLC sample treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). In addition to T cells, other immune cell types, such as B cells and macrophages, were also activated in responders to ICI treatment. In particular, B cells and B cell-mediated immunity pathways are consistently found to be activated. Analysis of the histologic subgroup (lung squamous cell carcinoma, LUSC; lung adenocarcinoma, LUAD) of NSCLC also confirms activation of B cell mediated immunity. Analysis of B cell subtypes shows that B cell subtypes were more activated in immune cell-rich tissues near tumor tissue. Furthermore, increased expression of B cell immunity-related genes is associated with better prognosis. These findings provide insight into predicting ICI treatment responses and identifying appropriate candidates for immunotherapy in NSCLC patients.
Identification and characterisation of two functional antibiotic MATE efflux pumps in the archaeon Halorubrum amylolyticum
Authors: Fakhoury Asma A. , Thompson Thomas P. , Rahman Khondaker Miraz , Megaw Julianne , McAteer Matthew I. , Skvortsov Timofey , Kelly Stephen A. , Gilmore Brendan F. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractMultidrug efflux pumps have been found to play a crucial role in drug resistance in bacteria and eukaryotes. In this study, we investigated the presence of functional multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) efflux pumps, inferred from whole genome sequencing, in the halophilic archaeon Halorubrum amylolyticum CSM52 using Hoechst 33342 dye accumulation and antimicrobial sensitivity tests in the presence and absence of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs). The whole genome sequence of H. amylolyticum CSM52 contained two putative MATE-type efflux pump genes, which may contribute to the inherent resistance to conventional antimicrobial agents reported in archaea. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the wild-type H. amylolyticum CSM52 testing revealed a lack of sensitivity to a wide range of antimicrobials, including glycopeptides, aminoglycosides, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. However, the presence of EPIs, such as thioridazine, fluoxetine, and chlorpromazine, significantly increased the susceptibility of H. amylolyticum CSM52 to a number of these antimicrobials, indicating the potential involvement of efflux pumps in the observed resistance. A molecular modelling study with EPIs and substrate antimicrobials provided important insights into the molecular interactions with the putative transporter. It suggests that the occupancy of the transporter channel by EPIs has the potential to impact the efflux of antimicrobials. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequences of both MATE pumps showed low similarity with bacterial representatives, suggesting the presence of novel and distinct MATE efflux pumps in archaea. Our findings provide the first experimental evidence of active antibiotic efflux mechanisms in archaea and their potential roles in antimicrobial resistance, broadening our understanding of mechanisms of archaeal antimicrobial resistance, an overlooked aspect of AMR research.
New tactics in the design of theranostic radiotracers
Authors: Berton Cesare , Klingler Simon , Prytuliak Stanislav , Holland Jason P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the context of molecularly targeted radiotherapy, dosimetry concerns in off-target tissues are a major limitation to the more wide-spread application of radiopharmaceuticals to treat diseases like cancer. Reducing off-target accumulation of radionuclides in background tissues, whilst maintaining high and specific uptake in disease sites and improving the therapeutic window, requires rethinking common radiotracer design concepts. This article explores ways in which innovative radiotracer chemistry (the making and breaking of bonds) is used to modify interactions with the host organism to control excretion profiles and dosimetry at the tissue-specific level.
Unraveling the dynamics of magnetization in topological insulator-ferromagnet heterostructures via spin-orbit torque
Authors: Oh Taekoo , Nagaosa Naoto 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSpin–orbit coupling is a relativistic effect coupling the orbital angular momentum with the spin, which determines the physical properties of condensed matter. For instance, the spin–orbit coupling strongly influences spin dynamics, opening the possibility for promising applications. The topological insulator–ferromagnet heterostructure is a typical example exhibiting spin dynamics driven by current-induced spin–orbit torque. Recent observations of the sign flip of Hall conductivity imply that the spin–orbit torque is strong enough to flip magnetization within this heterostructure. Motivated by this, our study elucidates the conditions governing spin flips by studying the magnetization dynamics. We establish that the interplay between spin-anisotropy and spin–orbit torque plays a crucial role in the magnetization dynamics. Furthermore, we categorize various modes of magnetization dynamics, constructing a comprehensive phase diagram across distinct energy scales, damping constants, and applied frequencies. We also consider the effect of a magnetic field on the magnetization dynamics. This research not only offers insights into controlling spin direction but also charts a new pathway to the practical application of spin–orbit coupled systems.
Broadband transparent Huygens' spaceplates
Authors: Díaz-Fernández Francisco J. , Máñez-Espina Luis Manuel , Díaz-Rubio Ana , Asadchy Viktar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSpaceplates have emerged in the context of nonlocal metasurfaces, enabling the compression of optical systems by minimizing the required empty space between their components. In this work, we design and analyze spaceplates that support resonances with opposite symmetries, operating under the so-called Huygens’ condition. Using the temporal coupled-mode theory, we demonstrate that the spatial compression provided by Huygens’ spaceplates is twice that of conventional single-resonance counterparts. Additionally, they can support broader operational bandwidths and numerical apertures, facilitating the reduction of chromatic aberrations. Moreover, Huygens’ spaceplates maintain nearly full transparency over a wide frequency and angular range, allowing their straightforward cascading for multi-frequency broadband operation. Finally, we propose a physical implementation of a Huygens’ spaceplate for optical frequencies based on a photonic crystal slab geometry.
Analysis, recent challenges and capabilities of spin-photon interfaces in Silicon carbide-on-insulator
Authors: Bader Joshua , Arianfard Hamed , Peruzzo Alberto , Castelletto Stefania 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSilicon-carbide (SiC) is a promising platform for long-distance quantum information transmission via single photons, offering long spin coherence qubits, excellent electronic and optical characteristics and CMOS-compatibility. We review key properties of spin-photon interface components for future deployment on the SiC-on-insulator platform with detailed insights provided for available color centers as well as integrated photonic circuits. The associated challenges to achieve high-fidelity multi-qubit control and photon-mediated entanglement on-chip are elaborated, perspectively.
Peripheral insulin resistance attenuates cerebral glucose metabolism and impairs working memory in healthy adults
Authors: Deery Hamish A. , Liang Emma , Di Paolo Robert , Voigt Katharina , Murray Gerard , Siddiqui M. Navyaan , Egan Gary F. , Moran Chris , Jamadar Sharna D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPeople with insulin resistance are at increased risk for cognitive decline. Insulin resistance has previously been considered primarily a condition of ageing but it is increasingly seen in younger adults. It is possible that impaired insulin function in early adulthood has both proximal effects and moderates or even accelerates changes in cerebral metabolism in ageing. Thirty-six younger (mean 27.8 years) and 43 older (mean 75.5) participants completed a battery of tests, including blood sampling, cognitive assessment and a simultaneous PET/MR scan. Cortical thickness and cerebral metabolic rates of glucose were derived for 100 regions and 17 functional networks. Older adults had lower rates of regional cerebral glucose metabolism than younger adults across the brain even after adjusting for lower cortical thickness in older adults. Higher fasting blood glucose was also associated with lower regional cerebral glucose metabolism in older adults. In younger adults, higher insulin resistance was associated with lower rates of regional cerebral glucose metabolism but this was not seen in older adults. The largest effects of insulin resistance in younger adults were in prefrontal, parietal and temporal regions; and in the control, salience ventral attention, default and somatomotor networks. Higher rates of network glucose metabolism were associated with lower reaction time and psychomotor speed. Higher levels of insulin resistance were associated with lower working memory. Our results underscore the importance of insulin sensitivity and glycaemic control to brain health and cognitive function across the adult lifespan, even in early adulthood.
End‐user engagement in EV charging control at commercial locations through a user‐friendly approach
Authors: Simolin Toni , Attar Mehdi , Repo Sami , Järventausta Pertti 
Published: August 2024

AbstractControlled electric vehicle (EV) charging at commercial locations has been seen as the key solution to mitigate the negative effects of uncontrolled charging on the power grid. In the scientific literature, EV users’ willingness to participate in charging control has been analyzed, and various control algorithms have been studied. However, there is a gap regarding the best practices to encourage users to participate in charging control and the potential influences of the EV users’ decisions on charging site operator's profits. In this article, the EV users’ perspective on charging control is assessed to form a user‐friendly charging control approach and compensation scheme for commercial charging locations. Then, simulations are carried out using real charging session data to analyze the potential influences of EV users’ decisions on charging site operator's profits. According to the results, the profits of the charging site operator are more heavily dependent on the number of customers than the optimality of the charging control. Hence, charging site operators should carefully consider the attractiveness of the implemented control strategy to maximize profits.
A novel underwater object detection enhanced algorithm based on YOLOv5‐MH
Authors: Xu Ruishen , Zhu Daqi , Chen Mingzhi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractUnderwater object detection is an important application of underwater vehicles. However, traditional underwater object detection algorithms have several shortcomings in underwater settings. These include imprecise feature extraction, slow detection speeds, and a lack of robustness. To address these shortcomings, a novel approach based on YOLOv5‐MH (Multi‐Head) is proposed in this paper. Firstly, an image enhancement technique is utilised. This technique uses adaptive linear mapping to adjust contrast and improve the quality of underwater images. Secondly, the C2f module for feature extraction is employed to enable more effective capture of object characteristics. Subsequently, the multi‐head self‐attention and coordinate attention are integrated into the network's backbone. This integration increases the attention given to input data, thereby enhancing the network's performance in handling complex tasks. Furthermore, a bidirectional feature pyramid is implemented to adeptly handle objects of varying scales and sizes, and elevate model performance. Finally, through comprehensive testing on the 2018 URPC dataset and deep plastic dataset, this method demonstrates superior performance. This performance is compared to the original YOLOv5 and other similar networks. It holds immense promise for practical applications across a wide spectrum of underwater tasks.
Bound-state evolution of Dirichlet waveguide with Neumann window(s) in transverse electric fields
Authors: Chogle F , Olendski O 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The influence of electric field

E

on a straight Dirichlet waveguide with Neumann window(s) of arbitrary length L is studied theoretically for 2D and 3D geometries. The energy spectrum for the corresponding bound states was obtained and their dependence on

E

was analysed. At low

E

, the boundary of the window(s) influenced the properties of the particle contrary to the high

E

case, where the energies and localization of particle were seen similar in all the geometries. The critical lengths L

cr
, at which higher excited state emerges into the continuum, at different

E

were found and their behavior was explained qualitatively. It was found that at high

E

, the critical lengths of Dirichlet-Neumann boundary window approach the Neumann-Neumann boundary window. This is due to the increase in the fundamental propagation threshold of transverse modes in the wall and window region. On the other hand, the Neumann-Dirichlet boundary window showed an opposite behavior. Furthermore, the polarization of ground state was obtained for different geometries. It was proved that at small L, the polarization reduces to its 1D case. A mathematical treatment and semi classical explanation was provided. Comparative analysis of the 2D and 3D geometries reveals their qualitative similarity and quantitative differences.
Analysis of harmonic characteristics of the three-phase rectifier and the impacts on the power quality
Authors: Jin Yang , Dong Kun , Zhao Jianfeng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The adoption of terminal electrical energy is one of the technical paths to achieving the “dual carbon” goals. Consequently, the large-scale use of power electronic loads is gradually leading to more power quality issues, with frequent broad-spectrum oscillations in the power grid, presenting new challenges to its stable and secure operation. This paper explores the harmonic coupling model of three-phase rectifiers, transforming their time-domain non-linear characteristics into frequency-domain linear characteristics. Then, utilizing this model, the harmonic characteristics of rectifiers are further analyzed. The model’s accuracy is verified through simulation, and it is additionally used to analyze the harmonic power flow distribution in the power grid with rectifier devices integrated. The study focuses on the impact on the system’s electricity quality when rectifier devices are the primary source of harmonics.
Design of a partial discharge calibrator
Authors: Zheng Xiang , Wang Jianwei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA partial discharge calibrator is an instrument used to calibrate partial discharge detection equipment. Partial discharge refers to the phenomenon of partial discharge in insulating materials, which is one of the important indicators of aging and damage to insulating materials. A partial discharge calibrator can be used to detect and calibrate the sensitivity and accuracy of partial discharge detection equipment to ensure that it can accurately detect and monitor the partial discharge phenomenon in insulation materials, so as to timely detect and prevent the aging and damage of insulation materials. Based on the analysis of the discharge principle and calibration means of a partial discharge calibrator, a high-frequency adjustable square wave circuit is designed with a high-speed frequency divider as the control core, and output by a partial discharge switching circuit. After simulation, the calibrator can realize the output of different discharge quantities and discharge frequencies.
Algorithm for extracting spectral features of substation high-voltage isolation switch card shibboleth faults
Authors: Lai Weijian , Li Jingguang , Chen Weihong , Chen Jiahui , Liu Shuan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Disconnectors are susceptible to equipment defects and hidden dangers due to the harsh natural environment, the impact of load fluctuations in the power grid, and manufacturers’ manufacturing processes. The current production of commonly used fault diagnosis technology is limited, and the number of features extracted from on-site data cannot timely and accurately reflect the equipment failure conditions. Therefore, this paper uses the substation high-voltage isolation switch jamming fault spectrum feature extraction algorithm, the use of high-frequency acquisition technology to establish the power characteristics of mathematical models and current characteristics of mathematical models, and the normal operation and jamming fault data for classification. To establish a sample library of fault models for the current time curve of the knife gate action process, for the typical faults of the disconnecting switch (not in place, reversal and jams, etc.), simulation is carried out in the laboratory environment to form a series of sample libraries of the motor fault waveforms; it is shown by the test that it is feasible to utilize the power of the motor of the high-voltage disconnecting switch during the opening and closing of the gate action process to determine the faults of the high-voltage disconnecting switch mechanism.
Online detection of transformer winding deformation based on ΔP⁃U2 improved lissajous plot
Authors: Li Yanfei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The transformer is one of the most common equipment in power systems, and winding deformation is the most frequent failure of a power transformer. The short-circuit impedance method is the most commonly used method to detect winding deformation. Aiming at the problem that the short-circuit impedance method does not easily detect the small deformation of the transformer, based on the existing ΔU⁃I to construct the Lissajous diagram, ΔP⁃U
2 is proposed to improve the on-line detection of transformer winding deformation Lissajous diagram. The principle of ΔP⁃U
2 improved Lissajous diagram is introduced, and the degree of change of Lissajous ellipse under the same degree of deformation is compared between the two by simulation test. For the influence of the secondary side load on the Lissajous plot, a load normalization algorithm based on image transformation is proposed to eliminate the influence of the secondary side load on the image. The results show that the sensitivity of the improved method is much larger than that of the ΔU⁃I trajectory method, and it has higher accuracy in the judgment of small deformation of the winding, which has a certain engineering value.