bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Systems Approach for Evaluating the Effectiveness of Radiological and Nuclear Detection Architectures in Urban Areas
Authors: Chatterjee Samrat , Salazar Daniel E. , Maya Isaac 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTA key mission for the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) is to build state and local capabilities through radiological and nuclear (RN) detection, support equipment, and training systems. To support DNDO’s capabilities at local jurisdictional levels within the US interior, this study contributes to the state‐of‐the‐art by extending the systems engineering approach toward identifying challenges to the practical effectiveness of RN detection architectures protecting potential urban area RN target and source sites. The study outcomes point to the technological challenges that need to be addressed for a viable urban detection system. Characteristics of RN target and source sites are discussed, and a detection probability model for a system of detectors is presented. Different detection layouts are evaluated, and implementation impacts are estimated in terms of vehicular delays. The methodology is illustrated in a case study application for regions within the State of California.
Investigating the Impacts of an Experiential Service‐Learning Course
Authors: Kassabgy Nagwa , El‐Din Yasmine Salah 
Published: August 2013

This study investigated the impacts of an undergraduate experiential service‐learning course on the development, attitudes, and perceptions of the co‐learners involved in the experience. The context of the study was the American University in Cairo (AUC), and the participants in both groups were Egyptian native speakers of Arabic. The participants in the first group (N = 74) were undergraduate students enrolled in LING268: Principles and Practice of Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL). Participants in the second group (N = 19) were AUC workers (e.g., custodians, security guards, and housekeepers). The researchers used qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis to answer the research questions. Although the findings showed that the service‐learning experience had both positive and negative impacts on both groups, the study provides evidence that service‐learning is a valuable pedagogy that is worth implementing in English as a foreign language (EFL) contexts.
Simulating select families of multivariate discrete variates with positive correlations
Authors: Minhajuddin Abu T. , Juarez Sergio F. 
Published: August 2013

Procedures for simulating multivariate discrete distributions are often needed for modeling real‐life situations. Several authors have provided algorithms to simulate data from such distributions, yet the need for algorithms that produce multivariate discrete correlated variates persists. Thus, we propose a simple algorithm to simulate values from several multivariate discrete distributions with positive correlations. The algorithm samples from the mixture distribution that arises from a suitable two‐level hierarchical structure. Our algorithm is computationally efficient, straightforward to implement, and produces values with any positive correlation in (0,1). We illustrate our proposal through two trivariate examples implemented in R.This article is categorized under:

Algorithms and Computational Methods > Random Number Generation
Privacy‐preserving record linkage
Authors: Verykios Vassilios S. , Christen Peter 
Published: August 2013

It has been recognized that sharing data between organizations can be of great benefit, since it can help discover novel and valuable information that is not available in individual databases. However, as organizations are under pressure to better utilize their large databases through sharing, integration, and analysis, protecting the privacy of personal information in such databases is an increasingly difficult task. Record linkage is the task of identifying and matching records that correspond to the same real‐world entity in several databases. This task implies a crucial infrastructure component in many modern information systems. Privacy and confidentiality concerns, however, commonly prevent the matching of databases that contain personal information across different organizations. In the past decade, efforts in the research area of privacy‐preserving record linkage (PPRL) have aimed to develop techniques that facilitate the matching of records across databases such that besides the matched records no private or confidential information is being revealed to any organisztion involved in such a linkage, or to any external party. We discuss the development of key techniques that solve the three main subproblems of PPRL, namely privacy, linkage quality, and scaling PPRL to large databases. We then highlight open challenges in this research area.This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Association Rules
Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Social Considerations
Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Data Concepts
Technologies > Data Preprocessing
Can Experimental Electron‐Density Studies be Used as a Tool to Predict Biologically Relevant Properties of Low‐Molecular Weight Enzyme Ligands?
Authors: Grabowsky Simon , Jayatilaka Dylan , Fink Reinhold F. , Schirmeister Tanja , Engels Bernd 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe case of protease inhibitor model compounds incorporating an aziridine or epoxide ring is used to exemplify how application of experimental electron‐density techniques can be used to explain the biological properties of low‐molecular weight enzyme ligands. This is furthermore seen in the light of a comparison of crystal and enzyme environments employing QM/MM computations to elucidate to which extent the properties in the crystal can be used to predict behavior in the biological surrounding.
Stringy membranes in AdS/CFT
Authors: Axenides Minos , Floratos Emmanuel , Linardopoulos Georgios 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe study membrane configurations in AdS7/4×S4/7. The membranes are wrapped around the compact manifoldS4/7and are dynamically equivalent to bosonic strings in AdS5. We thus conveniently identify them as “stringy membranes”. For the case of AdS7×S4, their construction is carried out by embedding the Polyakov action for classical bosonic strings in AdS5, into the corresponding membrane action. Therefore, every string configuration in AdS5can be realized by an appropriately chosen stringy membrane in AdS7×S4. We discuss the possibility of this being also the case for stringy membranes in AdS4×S7/$ {{\mathbb{Z}}^k} $(k≥ 1). By performing a stability analysis to the constructed solutions, we find that the (membrane) fluctuations along their transverse directions are organized in multiple Lamé stability bands and gaps in the space of parameters of the configurations. In this membrane picture, strings exhibit a single band/gap structure.
Repeat Hepatectomy for Recurrent Liver Metastasis From Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Takemura Nobuyuki , Saiura Akio , Koga Rintaro , Yoshioka Ryuji , Yamamoto Junji , Kokudo Norihiro 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of repeat hepatectomy for recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal liver metastases is widely accepted. However, the benefits of such treatment for intrahepatic recurrence of gastric cancer liver metastasis remain unknown. This study sought to clarify the survival benefit for patients undergoing repeat hepatectomy for gastric cancer liver metastasis.MethodsA total of 73 patients underwent hepatectomy for gastric cancer liver metastasis from January 1993 to January 2011. Macroscopically curative surgery was performed in 64 patients. Among them, repeat hepatectomy was performed in 14 of the 37 patients with intrahepatic recurrence. Among these 14 patients, clinicopathologic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis to identify the factors affecting survival.ResultsThe overall 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year survival rates after a second hepatectomy were 71, 47, and 47 %, respectively. The median survival was 31 months. Operative morbidity and mortality rates of repeat hepatectomy were 29 and 0 %, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified the duration of the disease‐free interval as the only independent significant factor predicting better survival.ConclusionsIn selected patients, repeat hepatectomy for recurrent gastric cancer liver metastasis may offer the same chance of cure as the primary hepatectomy. Disease‐free intervals exceeding 12 months predict good patient survival after repeat hepatectomy.
Primary Carnitine deficiency in the Faroe Islands: health and cardiac status in 76 adult patients diagnosed by screening
Authors: Rasmussen Jan , Køber Lars , Lund Allan M. , Nielsen Olav W. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundCarnitine deficiency can cause cardiomyopathy and cardiac arrhythmia. The prevalence in the Faroe Islands is the highest reported in the world (1:300). A nationwide screening program identified 76 Faroese adult patients (15–80 years) with Primary Carnitine Deficiency (PCD). We describe prior and current health status and symptoms in these patients, especially focusing on cardiac characteristics.MethodsUpon identification, patients were immediately admitted for physical examination, ECG, blood tests and initiation of L‐carnitine supplementation. Medical records were reviewed and patients were interviewed. Echocardiography and blood tests were performed in 35 patients before and after L‐carnitine supplementation.ResultsAll patients were either asymptomatic or had minor symptoms when diagnosed. Echocardiography including LVEF, global longitudinal strain and dimensions were normal apart from left ventricular hypertrophy with normal systolic function in one young male. Symptoms, e.g. fatigue, were reported in 43 % with a reduction to 12 % (p < 0.01) following initiation of L‐carnitine supplementation. Eighty two % reported participation in sports of which 52 % were on a competitive level. ECGs showed limited changes and blood tests were normal. Mean plasma free carnitine increased from 6.1 μmol/L to 15.1 μmol/L (p < 0.01) within 50 days of L‐carnitine supplementation.ConclusionPCD in adults can cause serious symptoms, but adult Faroese patients identified through a screening program were predominantly asymptomatic with a normal cardiac structure and function.
Integration of transcriptomics and metabonomics: improving diagnostics, biomarker identification and phenotyping in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Bjerrum Jacob Tveiten , Rantalainen Mattias , Wang Yulan , Olsen Jørgen , Nielsen Ole Haagen 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

A systems biology approach to multi-faceted diseases has provided an opportunity to establish a holistic understanding of the processes at play. Thus, the current study merges transcriptomics and metabonomics data in order to improve diagnostics, biomarker identification and to explore the possibilities of a molecular phenotyping of ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. Biopsies were obtained from the descending colon of 43 UC patients (22 active UC and 21 quiescent UC) and 15 controls. Genome-wide gene expression analyses were performed using Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0. Metabolic profiles were generated using 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (Bruker 600 MHz, Bruker BioSpin, Rheinstetten, Germany). Data were analyzed with the use of orthogonal-projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis and a multivariate logistic regression model fitted by lasso. Prediction performance was evaluated using nested Monte Carlo cross-validation. The prediction performance of the merged data sets and that of relative small (<20 variables) multivariate biomarker panels suggest that it is possible to discriminate between active UC, quiescent UC, and controls; between patients with or without steroid dependency, as well as between early or late disease onset. Consequently, this study demonstrates that the novel approach of integrating metabonomics and transcriptomics combines the better of the two worlds, and provides us with clinical applicable candidate biomarker panels. These combined panels improve diagnostics and more importantly also the molecular phenotyping in UC and provide insight into the pathophysiological processes at play, making optimized and personalized medication a possibility.
Characterization of Cationic Polyelectrolytes Adsorption to an Anionic Emulsion via Zeta‐Potential and Microcalorimetry
Authors: Li Dongcui , Schubert Beth , Wagner Norman J. 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe adsorption of cationic polyelectrolytes (PEs) onto anionic silicone emulsion droplets, suspended in a sodium chloride solution is studied via electrophoretic mobility measurements and isothermal titration calorimetry. These model systems are studied to better understand the interactions governing PE adsorption‐induced emulsion flocculation, which is relevant to many industrial applications. Electrophoretic mobility measurements provide critical information for rationalizing the effect of the PE charge density on the loss of stability of silicone emulsions. The interaction strength is calculated from a Langmuir adsorption isotherm determined by a ζ‐potential titration measurement. Microcalorimetry measurements independently validate the adsorption free energy. Emulsion flocculation and coacervation are observed in the visual phase behavior as well as the ζ‐potential titration measurements. The effect of PE charge density shows that PE‐surfactant coacervation is the driving force in these PE‐emulsion systems.
Unimodular random trees
Authors: BENJAMINI ITAI , LYONS RUSSELL , SCHRAMM ODED 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe consider unimodular random rooted trees (URTs) and invariant forests in Cayley graphs. We show that URTs of bounded degree are the same as the law of the component of the root in an invariant percolation on a regular tree. We use this to give a new proof that URTs are sofic, a result of Elek. We show that ends of invariant forests in the hyperbolic plane converge to ideal boundary points. We also note that uniform integrability of the degree distribution of a family of finite graphs implies tightness of that family for local convergence, also known as random weak convergence.
A geometric path from zero Lyapunov exponents to rotation cocycles
Authors: BOCHI JAIRO , NAVAS ANDRÉS 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe consider cocycles of isometries on spaces of non-positive curvature $H$. We show that the supremum of the drift over all invariant ergodic probability measures equals the infimum of the displacements of continuous sections under the cocycle dynamics. In particular, if a cocycle has uniform sublinear drift, then there are almost invariant sections, that is, sections that move arbitrarily little under the cocycle dynamics. If, in addition, $H$ is a symmetric space, then we show that almost invariant sections can be made invariant by perturbing the cocycle.
Experimental verification of power-law non-Newtonian axisymmetric porous gravity currents
Authors: Longo Sandro , Di Federico Vittorio , Chiapponi Luca , Archetti Renata 
Published: August 2013

AbstractWe present a theoretical and experimental analysis of axisymmetric gravity currents of power-law fluids in homogeneous porous media. The non-Newtonian shear-thinning fluid is a mixture of water, glycerol and Xanthan gum ($n= 0. 33{\unicode{x2013}} 0. 53$), and it is injected into a porous layer of glass beads ($d= 1{\unicode{x2013}} 3~\mathrm{mm} $). We compare experiments conducted with constant ($\alpha = 1$) and time-increasing ($\alpha = 1. 5$ and $2. 0$) influxes to theoretical self-similar solutions obtained by the numerical integration of the nonlinear ordinary differential equation that describes one-dimensional transient motion. The theoretical analysis is confirmed by experimental data. In addition, the selection of the most appropriate expression for the tortuosity factor and the choice of the correct range of shear stress for the determination of the rheological parameters are shown to be crucial to obtaining a good fit between the theory and experiments.
Dietary fish oil and DHA down-regulate antigen-activated CD4+T-cells while promoting the formation of liquid-ordered mesodomains
Authors: Kim Wooki , Barhoumi Rola , McMurray David N. , Chapkin Robert S. 
Published: August 2013

We have demonstrated previously thatn-3 PUFA endogenously produced byfat-1transgenic mice regulate CD4+T-cell function by affecting the formation of lipid rafts, liquid-ordered mesodomains in the plasma membrane. In the present study, we tested the effects of dietary sources ofn-3 PUFA, i.e. fish oil (FO) or purified DHA, when compared with ann-6 PUFA-enriched maize oil control diet in DO11.10 T-cell receptor transgenic mice. Dietaryn-3 PUFA were enriched in CD4+T-cells, resulting in the increase of then-3:n-6 ratio. Following antigen-specific CD4+T-cell activation by B-lymphoma cells pulsed with the ovalbumin 323–339 peptide, the formation of liquid-ordered mesodomains at the immunological synapse relative to the whole CD4+T-cell, as assessed by Laurdan labelling, was increased (P< 0·05) in the FO-fed group. The FO diet also suppressed (P< 0·05) the co-localisation of PKCθ with ganglioside GM1 (monosialotetrahexosylganglioside), a marker for lipid rafts, which is consistent with previous observations. In contrast, the DHA diet down-regulated (P< 0·05) PKCθ signalling by moderately affecting the membrane liquid order at the immunological synapse, suggesting the potential contribution of the other majorn-3 PUFA components of FO, including EPA.
A simple method to prevent the obstruction of post-tympanoplasty ventilation tubes
Authors: Leong A C , Bowdler D A 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe simultaneous insertion of a ventilation tube or grommet during tympanoplasty is a well-recognised practice among otologists. It is used to reverse atelectasis and to repneumatise the middle ear. A troublesome problem which can occur is post-operative, intraluminal grommet obstruction by blood or viscous mucoid secretions. Routine post-operative use of eardrops may help prevent grommet obstruction but cannot be administered after tympanoplasty when the ear canal is packed with dressings for up to three weeks post-operatively. In this article, we describe a simple method to prevent post-tympanoplasty grommet obstruction.
Operative management of external auditory canal cholesteatoma: case series and literature review
Authors: Sayles M , Kamel H A , Fahmy F F 
Published: August 2013

AbstractObjectives:To describe the clinical features of external auditory canal cholesteatoma, and to assess the outcome following bony meatoplasty with tragal cartilage and perichondrium graft repair.Methods:A retrospective review was carried out, comprising all patients with external auditory canal cholesteatoma who presented between January 2007 and December 2011. Patients underwent pre-operative audiometry and computed tomography imaging of the temporal bones, before undergoing bony meatoplasty via a postauricular incision. Pre- and post-operative comparisons were made of patients' otological symptoms and the otoscopic appearance of the external ear canal.Results and conclusion:Eight patients were included in the analyses. The median age of patients was 46.5 years (range 14–68 years), with a male to female ratio of 1:1. The median length of follow up was 16 months. The most common presenting features were unilateral otalgia and purulent otorrhoea. All patients had relatively advanced disease at presentation, with erosion of the temporal bone. All patients underwent bony meatoplasty via a postauricular approach to eradicate the disease. Bony meatoplasty was successful in the definitive management of external ear canal cholesteatoma.
Fear and Reason
Authors: Kekes John 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe subject of this paper is a particular kind of fear. The danger to which it is a response is the possibility that the evaluative dimension of life from which we derive the values by which we live is arbitrary. If it were arbitrary, nothing we value would be valuable. There are strong reasons both for and against this kind of fear. I am concerned with understanding these reasons and judging their strengths and weaknesses.
Universal Moral Standards and the Problem of Cultural Relativism in Hume's ‘A Dialogue’
Authors: Bohlin Henrik 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAn interpretation and critical re-construction is offered of David Hume's argument on cultural relativism in the essay ‘A Dialogue’ (1751). For any issue of moral disagreement, Hume contends, either one side can be shown right and the other wrong, or imprecision in moral principles leaves room for more than one reasonable view, or the disagreement concerns a morally indifferent aesthetic matter, or it is caused by ‘artificial’ moral sentiments. In each case, relativism is the wrong view. Following an analysis of each disagreement type, and the crucial notion of ‘artificial’ views, it is concluded that Hume's anti-relativist argument is sound.
Adam Ferguson as a Moral Philosopher
Authors: Graham Gordon 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAdam Ferguson has received little of the renewed attention that contemporary philosophers have given to the philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment, most notably David Hume, Thomas Reid and Adam Smith. There are good reasons for this difference. Yet, the conception of moral philosophy at work in Ferguson's writings can nevertheless be called upon to throw important critical light on the current enthusiasm for philosophical ethics and applied philosophy. Eighteenth century ‘moral science’ took its significance from a context that modern philosophers who seek to be practically ‘relevant’ need, but lack.
Intestinal ischaemia as a severe presentation of Kawasaki disease leading to short-bowel syndrome
Authors: Godart François , Bakhti Ouassim M. , Bonnevalle Michel 
Published: August 2013

AbstractThe authors describe a case of Kawasaki disease who presented fever, coronary artery aneurysm, and ischaemic intestinal obstruction requiring stage resections. A review of literature of such association is performed. Atypical Kawasaki disease is more complex to diagnose and in combination of persistent fever with no definite cause and surgical abdominal pain, Kawasaki disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Preliminary Evidence for a Sex-Specific Relationship between Amount of Cannabis Use and Neurocognitive Performance in Young Adult Cannabis Users
Authors: Crane Natania A. , Schuster Randi Melissa , Gonzalez Raul 
Published: August 2013

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests neuropsychological deficits from cannabis use, with a burgeoning area of preclinical research indicating possible sex-differences. However, few studies have examined how cannabis use may differentially impact neurocognition in male and female cannabis users. As such, we examined potential sex-differences in associations between amount of cannabis use (across several time frames) and neurocognitive performance among young adult regular cannabis users. Consistent with previous studies, more cannabis use was generally associated with poorer episodic memory and decision-making, but not other measures of inhibitory control. However, patterns of results suggested sex-specific dissociations. In particular, more cannabis use was more consistently associated with poorer episodic memory performance in females than males. Conversely, more cannabis use was associated with poorer decision-making performance for males, but not females. These results provide further evidence for residual cannabis-associated neurocognitive deficits and suggest the importance of examining the impact of cannabis on neurocognition separately for males and females. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–7)