bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electroacupuncture at St36 Accelerates the Recovery of Gastrointestinal Motility after Colorectal Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Zhaodi , Wang Changsong , Li Quanyi , Zhang Mingyue , Zhao Haifang , Dong Linlin , Wang Guonian , Jin Yan 
Published: April 2014

Objectives To evaluate whether electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 can accelerate the recovery of gastrointestinal motility after colorectal surgery. Methods Forty patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status II and III undergoing elective open resection of malignant colorectal tumours were included in this study. Using a sealed envelope method, the patients were randomly divided into two groups either receiving EA (EA group) or sham EA (SEA group). Data regarding the recovery of bowel function (times to the first bowel sounds, passage of flatus and defaecation) were collected and analysed. Results In the EA group, the time intervals from surgery to the first bowel movement and passage of flatus were shorter than in the SEA group (13±10 h vs 19±13 h, p<0.05 and 23±14 h vs 32±18 h, p<0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the time to first defaecation (68±45 h vs 72±53 h, p>0.05). Conclusions EA at ST36 accelerates the recovery of gastrointestinal motility after colorectal surgery. Trial Registration JJ22011-15.
The barriers to and enablers of providing reasonably adjusted health services to people with intellectual disabilities in acute hospitals: evidence from a mixed-methods study
Authors: Tuffrey-Wijne Irene , Goulding Lucy , Giatras Nikoletta , Abraham Elisabeth , Gillard Steve , White Sarah , Edwards Christine , Hollins Sheila 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo identify the factors that promote and compromise the implementation of reasonably adjusted healthcare services for patients with intellectual disabilities in acute National Health Service (NHS) hospitals.DesignA mixed-methods study involving interviews, questionnaires and participant observation (July 2011–March 2013).SettingSix acute NHS hospital trusts in England.MethodsReasonable adjustments for people with intellectual disabilities were identified through the literature. Data were collected on implementation and staff understanding of these adjustments.ResultsData collected included staff questionnaires (n=990), staff interviews (n=68), interviews with adults with intellectual disabilities (n=33), questionnaires (n=88) and interviews (n=37) with carers of patients with intellectual disabilities, and expert panel discussions (n=42). Hospital strategies that supported implementation of reasonable adjustments did not reliably translate into consistent provision of such adjustments. Good practice often depended on the knowledge, understanding and flexibility of individual staff and teams, leading to the delivery of reasonable adjustments being haphazard throughout the organisation. Major barriers included: lack of effective systems for identifying and flagging patients with intellectual disabilities, lack of staff understanding of the reasonable adjustments that may be needed, lack of clear lines of responsibility and accountability for implementing reasonable adjustments, and lack of allocation of additional funding and resources. Key enablers were the Intellectual Disability Liaison Nurse and the ward manager.ConclusionsThe evidence suggests that ward culture, staff attitudes and staff knowledge are crucial in ensuring that hospital services are accessible to vulnerable patients. The authors suggest that flagging the need for specific reasonable adjustments, rather than the vulnerable condition itself, may address some of the barriers. Further research is recommended that describes and quantifies the most frequently needed reasonable adjustments within the hospital pathways of vulnerable patient groups, and the most effective organisational infrastructure required to guarantee their use, together with resource implications.
Positivehealtheffects of thenaturaloutdoor environment intypicalpopulations in different regions inEurope (PHENOTYPE): a study programme protocol
Authors: Nieuwenhuijsen Mark J , Kruize Hanneke , Gidlow Christopher , Andrusaityte Sandra , Antó Josep Maria , Basagaña Xavier , Cirach Marta , Dadvand Payam , Danileviciute Asta , Donaire-Gonzalez David , Garcia Judith , Jerrett Michael , Jones Marc , Julvez Jordi , van Kempen Elise , van Kamp Irene , Maas Jolanda , Seto Edmund , Smith Graham , Triguero Margarita , Wendel-Vos Wanda , Wright John , Zufferey Joris , van den Hazel Peter Jan , Lawrence Roderick , Grazuleviciene Regina 
Published: April 2014

IntroductionGrowing evidence suggests that close contact with nature brings benefits to human health and well-being, but the proposed mechanisms are still not well understood and the associations with health remain uncertain. ThePositiveHealthEffects of theNaturalOutdoor environment inTypicalPopulations in different regions inEurope (PHENOTYPE) project investigates the interconnections between natural outdoor environments and better human health and well-being.Aims and methodsThe PHENOTYPE project explores the proposed underlying mechanisms at work (stress reduction/restorative function, physical activity, social interaction, exposure to environmental hazards) and examines the associations with health outcomes for different population groups. It implements conventional and new innovative high-tech methods to characterise the natural environment in terms of quality and quantity. Preventive as well as therapeutic effects of contact with the natural environment are being covered. PHENOTYPE further addresses implications for land-use planning and green space management. The main innovative part of the study is the evaluation of possible short-term and long-term associations of green space and health and the possible underlying mechanisms in four different countries (each with quite a different type of green space and a different use), using the same methodology, in one research programme. This type of holistic approach has not been undertaken before. Furthermore there are technological innovations such as the use of remote sensing and smartphones in the assessment of green space.ConclusionsThe project will produce a more robust evidence base on links between exposure to natural outdoor environment and human health and well-being, in addition to a better integration of human health needs into land-use planning and green space management in rural as well as urban areas.
How do clinicians with different training backgrounds manage walk-in patients in the ED setting?
Authors: Harris Tim , McDonald Keith 
Published: April 2014

ObjectiveTo compare the initial assessment and management of walk-in emergency department (ED) patients between different types of healthcare providers.SettingA large teaching hospital with an annual ED census of 140 000 adult patients.MethodsA random sample of 384 patients who self-presented to the ED was obtained. A detailed analysis of each patient record was performed by two clinicians. Data were obtained on the presenting condition, and disposition of each patient, either into the ED for further assessment, or discharge.ResultsGPs were significantly more likely to discharge patients home as compared to emergency nurses. ED senior nurses were more likely than GPs to stream patients into the ED for further assessment. Of the patients referred into the ED for further assessment by senior ED nurses, the majority were discharged home. There were insufficient numbers of emergency physician assessments for meaningful statistical analysis.ConclusionsThe clinician groups studied here demonstrated different patterns of discharge and referral, reflecting their training and experience. When planning operational procedures, the training and background of the staff allocated to each area should be considered.
Construction of quasi-linear left cycle sets
Authors: Catino Francesco , Miccoli Maria Maddalena 
Published: April 2014

In this paper, we produce a method to construct quasi-linear left cycle sets A with Rad (A) ⊆ Fix (A). Moreover, among these cycle sets, we give a complete description of those for which Fix (A) = Soc (A) and the underlying additive group is cyclic. Using such cycle sets, we obtain left non-degenerate involutive set-theoretic solutions of the Yang–Baxter equation which are different from those obtained in [P. Etingof, T. Schedler and A. Soloviev, Set-theoretical solutions to the quantum Yang–Baxter equation, Duke Math. J. 100 (1999) 169–209; P. Etingof, A. Soloviev and R. Guralnick, Indecomposable set-theoretical solutions to the quantum Yang–Baxter equation on a set with a prime number of elements, J. Algebra 242 (2001) 709–719].
Groups in which normality is a weakly transitive relation
Authors: Romano Emanuela , Vincenzi Giovanni 
Published: April 2014

We study groups in which normality is a weakly transitive relation, giving an extension of in Theorem A [On finite T-groups, J. Aust. Math. Soc. 75 (2003) 181–191] due to Ballester-Bolinches and Esteban-Romero pointing out the relations between these groups and those in which all subgroups are almost pronormal. Moreover, we extend a well-known theorem of Peng [Finite groups with pro-normal subgroups, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 20 (1969) 232–234] proving that for a large class of generalized FC-groups the weak transitivity of normality is equivalent to having finitely many maximal pronormalizers of subgroups.
Chiral particle/Photon emission from heavy-light mesons
Authors: Matsuki Takayuki , Seo Kohichi 
Published: April 2014

Partial decay widths of the heavy-light mesons, D, Ds, B, and Bs, emitting one chiral particle (π or K) or photon γ are evaluated in the framework of a relativistic potential model. Decay amplitudes are calculated by keeping the Lorentz invariance as far as possible and use has been made of the Lorentz-boosted relativistic wave functions of the heavy-light mesons. One of predictions of our calculation is very narrow widths of a few keV for yet undiscovered Bs(0+, 1+) mesons corresponding to 2S+1LJ = 3P0 and "3P1" assuming their masses to be 5617 and 5682 MeV, respectively, as calculated in our former paper. Sizable radiative decay widths of D* or [Formula: see text] are obtained by including the 1st order corrections in 1/mQ expansion, in the unit of keV; Γ(D*0 → D0 + γ) = 9.8, Γ (D*+ → D+ + γ) = 0.71, [Formula: see text] and large radiative decay widths of DsJ are obtained compared with non-relativistic results.
Novel Polymeric Nanoparticles for Intracellular Delivery of Peptide Cargos: Antitumor Efficacy of the BCL-2 Conversion Peptide NuBCP-9
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Gupta Dikshi , Singh Gurpal , Sharma Sapna , Bhat Madhusudan , Prashant C.K. , Dinda A.K. , Kharbanda Surender , Kufe Donald , Singh Harpal 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The preclinical development of peptidyl drugs for cancer treatment is hampered by their poor pharmacologic properties and cell penetrative capabilities in vivo. In this study, we report a nanoparticle-based formulation that overcomes these limitations, illustrating their utility in studies of the anticancer peptide NuBCP-9, which converts BCL-2 from a cell protector to a cell killer. NuBCP-9 was encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles composed of a polyethylene glycol (PEG)–modified polylactic acid (PLA) diblock copolymer (NuBCP-9/PLA-PEG) or PEG-polypropylene glycol-PEG-modified PLA—tetrablock copolymer (NuBCP-9/PLA-PEG-PPG-PEG). We found that peptide encapsulation was enhanced by increasing the PEG chain length in the block copolymers. NuBCP-9 release from the nanoparticles was controlled by both PEG chain length and the PLA molecular weight, permitting time-release over sustained periods. Treatment of human cancer cells with these nanoparticles in vitro triggered apoptosis by NuBCP-9–mediated mechanism, with a potency similar to NuBCP-9 linked to a cell-penetrating poly-Arg peptide. Strikingly, in vivo administration of NuBCP-9/nanoparticles triggered complete regressions in the Ehrlich syngeneic mouse model of solid tumor. Our results illustrate an effective method for sustained delivery of anticancer peptides, highlighting the superior qualities of the novel PLA-PEG-PPG-PEG tetrablock copolymer formulation as a tool to target intracellular proteins. Cancer Res; 74(12); 3271–81. ©2014 AACR.
Financial Strain and Cancer Risk Behaviors among African Americans
Authors: Advani Pragati S. , Reitzel Lorraine R. , Nguyen Nga T. , Fisher Felicia D. , Savoy Elaine J. , Cuevas Adolfo G. , Wetter David W. , McNeill Lorna H. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Background: African Americans suffer disproportionately from the adverse consequences of behavioral risk factors for cancer relative to other ethnic groups. Recent studies have assessed how financial strain might uniquely contribute to engagement in modifiable behavioral risk factors for cancer, but not among African Americans. The current study examined associations between financial strain and modifiable cancer risk factors (smoking, at-risk alcohol use, overweight/obesity, insufficient physical activity, inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, and multiple risk factors) among 1,278 African American adults (age, 46.5 ± 12.6 years; 77% female) and explored potential mediators (stress and depressive symptoms) of those associations.
Methods: Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between financial strain and cancer risk factors. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, partner status, income, educational level, and employment status. Analyses involving overweight/obesity status additionally controlled for fruit and vegetable intake and physical activity. Nonparametric bootstrapping procedures were used to assess mediation.
Results: Greater financial strain was associated with greater odds of insufficient physical activity (P &lt; 0.003) and smoking (P = 0.005) and was positively associated with the total number of cancer risk factors (P &lt; 0.0001). There was a significant indirect effect of both stress and depressive symptoms on the relations of financial strain with physical inactivity and multiple risk factors, respectively.
Conclusions: Future interventions aimed at reducing cancer disparities should focus on African Americans experiencing higher financial strain while addressing their stress and depressive symptoms.
Impact: Longitudinal studies are needed to assess the temporal and causal relations between financial strain and modifiable behavioral cancer risk factors among African Americans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(6); 967–75. ©2014 AACR.
Niclosamide Inhibits Androgen Receptor Variants Expression and Overcomes Enzalutamide Resistance in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Liu Chengfei , Lou Wei , Zhu Yezi , Nadiminty Nagalakshmi , Schwartz Chad T. , Evans Christopher P. , Gao Allen C. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Purpose: Enzalutamide, a second-generation antiandrogen, was recently approved for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in patients who no longer respond to docetaxel. Despite these advances that provide temporary respite, resistance to enzalutamide occurs frequently. Androgen receptor (AR) splice variants such as AR-V7 have recently been shown to drive castration-resistant growth and resistance to enzalutamide. This study was designed to identify inhibitors of AR variants and test its ability to overcome resistance to enzalutamide.
Experimental Design: The drug screening was conducted using luciferase activity assay to determine the activity of AR-V7 after treatment with the compounds in the Prestwick Chemical Library, which contains about 1,120 FDA-approved drugs. The effects of the identified inhibitors on AR-V7 activity and enzalutamide sensitivity were characterized in CRPC and enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo.
Results: Niclosamide, an FDA-approved antihelminthic drug, was identified as a potent AR-V7 inhibitor in prostate cancer cells. Niclosamide significantly downregulated AR-V7 protein expression by protein degradation through a proteasome-dependent pathway. Niclosamide also inhibited AR-V7 transcription activity and reduced the recruitment of AR-V7 to the PSA promoter. Niclosamide inhibited prostate cancer cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, the combination of niclosamide and enzalutamide resulted in significant inhibition of enzalutamide-resistant tumor growth, suggesting that niclosamide enhances enzalutamide therapy and overcomes enzalutamide resistance in CRPC cells.
Conclusions: Niclosamide was identified as a novel inhibitor of AR variants. Our findings offer preclinical validation of niclosamide as a promising inhibitor of AR variants to treat, either alone or in combination with current antiandrogen therapies, patients with advanced prostate cancer, especially those resistant to enzalutamide. Clin Cancer Res; 20(12); 3198–210. ©2014 AACR.
A High-Throughput Fluorimetric Assay for 2-Hydroxyglutarate Identifies Zaprinast as a Glutaminase Inhibitor
Authors: Elhammali Adnan , Ippolito Joseph E. , Collins Lynne , Crowley Jan , Marasa Jayne , Piwnica-Worms David 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Recently identified isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations lead to the production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), an oncometabolite aberrantly elevated in selected cancers. We developed a facile and inexpensive fluorimetric microplate assay for the quantitation of 2HG and performed an unbiased small-molecule screen in live cells to identify compounds capable of perturbing 2HG production. Zaprinast, a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, was identified as an efficacious modulator of 2HG production and confirmed to lower 2HG levels in vivo. The mechanism of action was not due to cGMP stabilization, but rather, profiling of metabolites upstream of mutant IDH1 pointed to targeted inhibition of the enzyme glutaminase (GLS). Zaprinast treatment reversed histone hypermethylation and soft-agar growth of IDH1-mutant cells, and treatment of glutamine-addicted pancreatic cancer cells reduced growth and sensitized cells to oxidative damage. Thus, Zaprinast is efficacious against glutamine metabolism and further establishes the therapeutic linkages between GLS and 2HG-mediated oncogenesis.
Significance: Gain-of-function IDH mutations are common events in glioma, acute myelogenous leukemia, and other cancer types, which lead to the accumulation of the oncometabolite 2HG. We show that the drug Zaprinast is capable of reducing cellular 2HG levels by inhibiting the upstream enzyme GLS, thus identifying a new strategy to target 2HG production in selected IDH-mutant cancers. Cancer Discov; 4(7); 828–39. ©2014 AACR.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 745
The Control of Automatic Imitation Based on Bottom–Up and Top–Down Cues to Animacy: Insights from Brain and Behavior
Authors: Klapper André , Ramsey Richard , Wigboldus Daniël , Cross Emily S. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
Humans automatically imitate other people's actions during social interactions, building rapport and social closeness in the process. Although the behavioral consequences and neural correlates of imitation have been studied extensively, little is known about the neural mechanisms that control imitative tendencies. For example, the degree to which an agent is perceived as human-like influences automatic imitation, but it is not known how perception of animacy influences brain circuits that control imitation. In the current fMRI study, we examined how the perception and belief of animacy influence the control of automatic imitation. Using an imitation–inhibition paradigm that involves suppressing the tendency to imitate an observed action, we manipulated both bottom–up (visual input) and top–down (belief) cues to animacy. Results show divergent patterns of behavioral and neural responses. Behavioral analyses show that automatic imitation is equivalent when one or both cues to animacy are present but reduces when both are absent. By contrast, right TPJ showed sensitivity to the presence of both animacy cues. Thus, we demonstrate that right TPJ is biologically tuned to control imitative tendencies when the observed agent both looks like and is believed to be human. The results suggest that right TPJ may be involved in a specialized capacity to control automatic imitation of human agents, rather than a universal process of conflict management, which would be more consistent with generalist theories of imitative control. Evidence for specialized neural circuitry that “controls” imitation offers new insight into developmental disorders that involve atypical processing of social information, such as autism spectrum disorders.
The Decoupled Mind: Mind-wandering Disrupts Cortical Phase-locking to Perceptual Events
Authors: Baird Benjamin , Smallwood Jonathan , Lutz Antoine , Schooler Jonathan W. 
Published: April 2014

Abstract
The mind flows in a “stream of consciousness,” which often neglects immediate sensory input in favor of focusing on intrinsic, self-generated thoughts or images. Although considerable research has documented the disruptive influences of task-unrelated thought for perceptual processing and task performance, the brain dynamics associated with these phenomena are not well understood. Here we investigate the possibility, suggested by several convergent lines of research, that task-unrelated thought is associated with a reduction in the trial-to-trial phase consistency of the oscillatory neural signal in response to perceptual input. Using an experience sampling paradigm coupled with continuous high-density electroencephalography, we observed that task-unrelated thought was associated with a reduction of the P1 ERP, replicating prior observations that mind-wandering is accompanied by a reduction of the brain-evoked response to sensory input. Time–frequency analysis of the oscillatory neural response revealed a decrease in theta-band cortical phase-locking, which peaked over parietal scalp regions. Furthermore, we observed that task-unrelated thought impacted the oscillatory mode of the brain during the initiation of a task-relevant action, such that more cortical processing was required to meet task demands. Together, these findings document that the attenuation of perceptual processing that occurs during task-unrelated thought is associated with a reduction in the temporal fidelity with which the brain responds to a stimulus and suggest that increased neural processing may be required to recouple attention to a task. More generally, these data provide novel confirmatory evidence for the mechanisms through which attentional states facilitate the neural processing of sensory input.
Redescription of Pungentus pungens Thorne & Swanger, 1936 (Dorylaimida: Nordiidae), with a revised taxonomy of the genus
Authors: Álvarez-Ortega Sergio , Peña-Santiago Reyes 
Published: April 2014

Pungentus pungens, the type species of its genus, is re-described and illustrated on the base of type material and recently collected specimens. It is characterised by a body 1.51-2.04 mm long and comparatively slender (a = 40-54), 9-12 μm broad lip region offset by weak but perceptible constriction, odontostyle 18-23 μm long, neck 343-395 μm long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 48-57% of total neck length, uterus simple and 34-54 μm long or 0.8-1.6 corresponding body diam., V = 45-52, tail short and rounded (21-29 μm, c = 66-86, c′ = 0.8-1.1) with abundant saccate bodies, spicules 47 μm long, and ten widely spaced ventromedian supplements lacking a hiatus. An emended diagnosis is proposed forPungentusand its separation from the most similar genera is discussed. Sixteen valid species as well as onespecies inquirendaand threespecies incertae sedisare listed. Two new synonymies are proposed:Pungentus maoriumofP. silvestris, andP. minnsiofP. pungens.Pungentus mosellaeis herein consideredspecies incertae sedis. A dichotomous key to species identification and a compendium of their morphometrics are also provided.