bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Hot Corrosion of Fe-Cr Alloys Induced by a Thin Film of Fused (Na,K)2SO4 by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
Authors: Liu S.N. , Su W. , Lu W.Y. , Wei Z.F. , Zeng C.L. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractTo understand the hot corrosion mechanism of materials it is of significance to establish electrochemical measurements under a thin film of fused salts. In this paper, the hot corrosion behavior of Fe-Cr alloys containing 5, 10 and 25wt% Cr, respectively, in the presence of a fused film of 0.9Na2SO4-0.1K2SO4 (mole fraction) at 1173 K in air has been investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using a two-electrode system. The Nyquist plots for the corrosion of both Fe-5Cr and Fe-10Cr are composed of a very small semicircle at high frequencies and a line at low frequencies indicating that the corrosion is controlled by the diffusion of oxidants in the fused salt film. The alloys were severely corroded, forming a thick porous corrosion layer containing large amounts of non-protective precipitated Fe oxide particles. Conversely, the Nyquist plots for the corrosion of Fe-25Cr are composed of double capacitive loops, with significantly larger impedance values, which are associated with the formation of a protective Cr2O3 scale. Based on the experimental diffusion impedance results and the theoretic solubility and diffusion coefficient of oxygen in molten salts, respectively, a theoretical value of the diffusion flux of molecular O2 has been calculated.
Fault Location for Parallel Transmission Lines with Limited Voltage and Current Measurements
Authors: Xiu Wanjing , Liao Yuan 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
This article presents a novel fault location algorithm for parallel transmission lines for scenarios where only limited synchronized voltage and current measurements are available. Existing methods usually request measurements at the faulted line to be available. However, this may not always be the case due to the limited number of recording devices placed in a power system. The proposed method makes the most of available measurements and does not require the measurements to be captured from the faulted line. The pre-fault and during-fault bus impedance matrices for the positive-sequence network are derived. Synchronized bus voltages and branch currents are then expressed as a function of fault location and line parameters. As a result, fault location can be estimated using the obtained measurements. The distributed parameter line model is adopted to fully consider the shunt capacitances of the line. To eliminate the influence of bad measurements, optimal estimation theory is adopted for enhanced accuracy of the fault location estimate. Simulation studies have been carried out based on a 27-bus power system, and encouraging results have been achieved.
Buccal Bone Formation After Flapless Extraction: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/Absorbable Collagen Carrier and Collagen Sponge Alone
Authors: Coomes Angela M. , Mealey Brian L. , Huynh‐Ba Guy , Barboza‐Arguello Concepcion , Moore William S. , Cochran David L. 
Published: July 2013

Background: Flapless extraction of teeth allows for undisturbed preservation of the nearby periosteum and a source of osteoprogenitor cells. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP‐2) has been used for different bone augmentation purposes with great osteoinductive capacity. The aim of this study is to compare the bone regenerative ability of rhBMP‐2 on an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier to a collagen sponge (CS) alone in extraction sites with ≥50% buccal dehiscence.Methods: Thirty‐nine patients requiring extraction of a hopeless tooth with ≥50% buccal dehiscence were enrolled. After flapless extraction and randomization, either rhBMP‐2/ACS carrier or CS alone was placed in the extraction site. After extraction, a baseline cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan was obtained of the site, and a similar scan was obtained 5 months postoperatively. Medical imaging and viewing software were used to compare the baseline and 5‐month postoperative images of the study site and assess ridge width measurements, vertical height changes, and buccal plate regeneration.Results: Radiographically, CBCT analysis showed that with ≥50% of buccal bone destruction, rhBMP‐2/ACS was able to regenerate a portion of the lost buccal plate, maintain theoretical ridge dimensions, and allow for implant placement 5 months after extraction. The test group performed significantly (P <0.05) better in regard to clinical buccal plate regeneration (4.75 versus 1.85 mm), clinical ridge width at 5 months (6.0 versus 4.62 mm), and radiographic ridge width at 3 mm from the alveolar crest (6.17 versus 4.48 mm) after molar exclusion. There was also significantly (P <0.05) less remaining buccal dehiscence, both clinically (6.81 versus 10.0 mm) and radiographically (3.42 versus 5.16 mm), at 5 months in the test group. Significantly (P <0.05) more implants were placed in the test group without the need for additional augmentation. The mean loss in vertical ridge height (lingual/palatal) was less in the test sites but was not significantly (P = 0.514) different between the test and control groups (0.39 versus 0.64 mm).Conclusions: rhBMP‐2/ACS compared to CS alone used in flapless extraction sites with a buccal dehiscence is able to regenerate lost buccal plate, maintain theoretical ridge dimensions, and allow for implant placement 5 months later.
Sensitivity, positive predictive value, and interobserver variability of computed tomography in the diagnosis of bullae associated with spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs: 19 cases (2003–2012)
Authors: Reetz Jennifer A. , Caceres Ana V. , Suran Jantra N. , Oura Trisha J. , Zwingenberger Allison L. , Mai Wilfried 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Objective—To determine the sensitivity, positive predictive value, and interobserver variability of CT in the detection of bullae associated with spontaneous pneumothorax in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—19 dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax caused by rupture of bullae.
Procedures—Dogs that had CT for spontaneous pneumothorax caused by rupture of bullae confirmed at surgery (median sternotomy) or necropsy were included. Patient signalment, CT protocols, and bulla location, size, and number were obtained from the medical records. Computed tomographic images were reviewed by 3 board-certified radiologists who reported on the location, size, and number of bullae as well as the subjective severity of pneumothorax.
Results—Sensitivities of the 3 readers for bulla detection were 42.3%, 57.7%, and 57.7%, with positive predictive values of 52.4%, 14.2%, and 8.4%, respectively, with the latter 2 readers having a high rate of false-positive diagnoses. There was good interobserver agreement (κ = 0.640) for correct identification of bullae. Increasing size of the bulla was significantly associated with a correct CT diagnosis in 1 reader but not in the other 2 readers. Correct diagnosis was not associated with slice thickness, ventilation protocol, or degree of pneumothorax.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Sensitivity and positive predictive value of CT for bulla detection were low. Results suggested that CT is potentially an ineffective preoperative diagnostic technique in dogs with spontaneous pneumothorax caused by bulla rupture because lesions can be missed or incorrectly diagnosed. Bulla size may affect visibility on CT.
Preliminary Characteristic of Composite Coatings C/Hap Produced Respectively by Rf Pacvd and Sol–Gel Methods
Authors: Gawronski J. , Pietrzyk B. 
Published: July 2013

The required high mechanical strength and the reliability of implants on one side and a lack of toxic elements in those materials, on the other side, causes restrictions in use of metal alloys for austenitic steel, alloys of cobalt matrix and even titanium alloys. However, elements harmful to human body structure such as chromium, nickel and vanadium could not have been eliminated so far. An attempt to reduce detrimental effects of above elements on the living organism are surface modifications of materials predicted for implants through the deposition of protective layers.
The C/HAp composite coating was prerared by deposition of carbon layer directly on surgical steel with RF PACVD method and manufacturing of hydroxyapatite layer by sol-gel method. It was proved that carbon film significantly increases adhesion of the composite C/HAp coating. It is due to the diffusive character of bonding between carbon layer and metallic substrate not only by adhesion as in the case with hydroxyapatite deposited directly on metal base. Adhesion of both synthesized coatings was determined using nanoindentation technique. X-Ray diffraction was used for phase composition evaluation. Atomic Force Microscope revealed topography of raw, carbon and C/HAp surfaces. Elemental composition of carbon and composite layers was investigated by scanning electron microscope equipped with x-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy detector.
Integrability of Differential Equations with Fluid Mechanics Application: from Painleve Property to the Method of Simplest Equation
Authors: Dimitrova Zlatinka I. , Vitanov Kaloyan N. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
We present a brief overview of integrability of nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations with a focus on the Painleve property: an ODE of second order possesses the Painleve property if the only movable singularities connected to this equation are single poles. The importance of this property can be seen from the Ablowitz-Ramani- Segur conhecture that states that a nonlinear PDE is solvable by inverse scattering transformation only if each nonlinear ODE obtained by ex- act reduction of this PDE possesses the Painleve property. The Painleve property motivated much research on obtaining exact solutions on non- linear PDEs and leaded in particular to the method of simplest equation. A version of this method called modified method of simplest equation is discussed below.
Completely normal elements in some finite abelian extensions
Authors: Koo Ja , Shin Dong 
Published: July 2013

AbstractWe present some completely normal elements in the maximal real subfields of cyclotomic fields over the field of rational numbers, relying on the criterion for normal element developed in [Jung H.Y., Koo J.K., Shin D.H., Normal bases of ray class fields over imaginary quadratic fields, Math. Z., 2012, 271(1–2), 109–116]. And, we further find completely normal elements in certain abelian extensions of modular function fields in terms of Siegel functions.
Du conjoint à l'aidant : l'accompagnement dans la maladie d'Alzheimer
Authors: Ostrowski Madeleine , Mietkiewicz Marie-Claude 
Published: July 2013

La maladie d’Alzheimer est insidieuse, les troubles font leur apparition lentement : les conjoints aidants sont les plus exposés aux difficultés qui rythment la vie quotidienne avec une personne atteinte de cette démence. À travers neuf récits (parus entre 1993 et 2012) de conjoints de malades d’Alzheimer, nous avons tenté de comprendre le cheminement du conjoint. Comment ce dernier glisse-t-il vers une aide absolue et totale ? Trois phases de l’accompagnement sont ici développées : les premières inquiétudes et le glissement vers le rôle d’aidant qui s’opère, l’accompagnement à domicile, où le conjoint est bien installé dans son rôle d’accompagnant principal, puis le moment, tant redouté, de l’entrée en établissement d’hébergement pour personnes agées dépendantes. Enfin, nous nous attarderons sur la manière dont ce cheminement s’articule à la problématique de la mort, selon des modalités propres à chaque étape.
Le cadre institutionnel de passation des épreuves projectives : enjeux cliniques et psychopathologiques
Authors: Ravit Magali , Dublineau Mathilde , Brolles Lisbeth , Roman Pascal 
Published: July 2013

Un élément central de la pratique des méthodes projectives, tant dans la clinique que dans la recherche, est examiné ici : celui de l’incidence du cadre institutionnel de la passation sur les productions projectives. L’évaluation de cette incidence vise à affiner les conditions méthodologiques du traitement des données recueillies, dans un souci de rigueur dans l’abord clinique du matériel. Après une brève introduction appuyée sur les travaux de J. Bleger et de R. Kaës, sur la question du cadre et de l’institution, trois cadres institutionnels de pratiques, qui renvoient, chacun, à l’investissement de positions cliniques singulières, sont successivement envisagés : celui de l’école, celui du domicile et, enfin, celui de l’institution carcérale. Des illustrations cliniques soutiennent l’hypothèse de ces « effets de résonnance intime » sur la production projective.
La « guerre des pauvres » à Tripoli (Liban)
Authors: Chabrier Pierre-André 
Published: July 2013

Dans une articulation du temps local libanais au temps régional proche-oriental, il s’agit d’interroger la ville libanaise à l’épreuve de la crise syrienne. À travers une mise en lumière de sa trajectoire urbaine, il est question de décrypter le fort activisme et le rôle d’une ville intermédiaire comme Tripoli. Le conflit urbain opposant les quartiers populaires de Bab al-Tebbaneh et de Jabal Mohsen – respectivement sunnite et alaouite – doit se lire au regard des ‘asabiyyat urbaines qui les composent. Mettant en équation les recompositions politiques et urbaines qu’a connues la capitale du Nord-Liban depuis la guerre civile (1975-1990), l’analyse rend compte des « structures d’opportunité politique » autorisant l’affirmation de souverainetés concurrentes à l’échelle intra-urbaine. La conflictualité qu’elles font naître peut être qualifiée de « guerre des pauvres » tant elle prend racine dans des réalités socio-économiques défavorables. Mais, nourrie des deux côtés par des rivalités communautaires et des appartenances extra-territoriales, cette « guerre des pauvres » devient en réalité le vecteur d’expression de mobilisations socio-politiques. Ces dernières sont cristallisées par les ‘asabiyyat urbaines dont la ressource principale tient justement à la pauvreté des habitants.
Jeramana (Syrie)
Authors: Roussel Cyril 
Published: July 2013

Du fait du développement de Damas, les villages de la Ghouta, par ailleurs soumis à l’afflux de migrants issus de l’exode rural, se sont peu à peu transformés en petites et moyennes villes sous. Intimement connectées aux campagnes du reste de la Syrie au travers de mouvements migratoires débutés dans les années 60, les villes de la Ghouta en ont hérité une composante confessionnelle qui renseigne sur l’origine des habitants. La ville druzo-chrétienne de Jeramana offre un exemple particulièrement intéressant de l’évolution des dynamiques en cours dans le conflit syrien. Avec la prédominance des affrontements sur des bases communautaires, certaines villes de la Ghouta se retrouvent confrontées à des choix cornéliens : soutenir les rebelles, et de plus en plus accepter la présence de groupes djihadistes ; leur refuser l’accès à la ville et donc accepter la protection du régime. Sur ces discontinuités confessionnelles se superposent les lignes de front du conflit en cours.
Posterior Acetabular Column and Quadrilateral Plate Fractures: Fixation With Tension Band Principles
Authors: Aly Tarek A. , Hamed Hany 
Published: July 2013

Acetabular fractures can be classified into 5 simple and 5 associated fracture patterns. A significant amount of variation and complexity exists in these fractures patterns. Fractures of the posterior wall are the most common acetabular fractures. Comminution of the quadrilateral plate adds to fracture instability, and more rigid and stable internal fixation is mandatory. The goal of this study was to assess the results of reconstruction of comminuted posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum associated with quadrilateral plate fractures using the tension band technique.
Twelve patients (9 men and 3 women) were included in the study. Mean patient age was 38.6 years (range, 24–47 years). Minimum follow-up was more than 2 years postoperatively. Reconstruction of the fracture included anatomic reduction of the fracture and fixation with a buttress plate for the posterior column and a prebent one-third tubular plate for the quadrilateral plate fracture. Clinical results were excellent in 58% of patients and good in 17% of patients. Radiologic results were excellent in 50% of patients and good in 17% of patients. Radiologically, based on the fracture gap postoperatively, 8 (66%) patients showed anatomic reduction, 2 (17%) showed good reduction, and 2 (17%) showed poor reduction.
The study confirms that this method of reconstruction facilitates accurate and firm reduction of displaced posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum.
Clinical and Patient-reported Outcomes of Primary TKA With a Single-radius Design
Authors: Harwin Steven F. , Issa Kimona , Given Kristin , Hitt Kirby D. , Greene Kenneth A. , Pivec Robert , Kester Mark , Mont Michael A. 
Published: July 2013

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a cost-effective procedure used to treat degenerative knee disease with excellent long-term outcomes. However, TKA has not always resulted in excellent functional and patient satisfaction outcomes, partly due to the use of prostheses that did not reproduce natural knee kinematics. Due to a paucity of reports on single-radius designs, the authors evaluated the clinical and patient-reported outcomes of primary TKA in patients who had received a single-radius prosthesis.
A total of 287 TKAs from 7 centers were prospectively evaluated. Mean follow-up was 5 years, with each patient undergoing year re-evaluation. Kaplan-Meier implant survivorship was 99.7% at a final follow-up of 7 years. The total reoperation rate was 1.4%. Clinical outcomes demonstrated significant improvements in Knee Society, Short Form 36, and activity scores at a mean follow-up of 5 years. The authors believe that various features of this prosthesis may have contributed to these excellent outcomes. Further longer-term studies are necessary to better evaluate these outcomes.
Modified McLaughlin Technique for Neglected Locked Posterior Dislocation of the Shoulder
Authors: Kokkalis Zinon T. , Mavrogenis Andreas F. , Ballas Efstathios G. , Papanastasiou John , Papagelopoulos Panayiotis J. 
Published: July 2013

Several surgical techniques have been described for the treatment of posterior shoulder dislocation depending on the time elapsed between injury and surgery and the size of the humeral head impression fracture. When the bone defect is between 25% and 50% of the articular surface of the head, the procedures of choice are autologous bone graft or allograft or subscapularis tendon or lesser tuberosity transfer. In neglected cases in which patients undergo surgery more than 3 weeks after injury, no standard accepted treatment for this injury exists.
This article presents a modification of the McLaughlin technique for patients with neglected locked posterior dislocation of the shoulder. Using this technique, the shape of the humeral head was nearly restored with impaction of morselized bone allograft; two suture anchors were inserted into the defect, and the lesser tuberosity with the attached sub-scapularis tendon was transferred into the defect and secured with sutures. Postoperative rehabilitation included immobilization of the shoulder with an external rotation brace for 6 weeks followed by progressive passive, active-assisted, and active range of motion and rotator cuff strengthening exercises for another 6 weeks. This technique resulted in pain-free range of motion, a stable shoulder, and good joint congruency.
Increased ID2 Levels in Adult Precursor B Cells as Compared with Children Is Associated with Impaired Ig Locus Contraction and Decreased Bone Marrow Output
Authors: Jensen Kristin , Rother Magdalena B. , Brusletto Berit Sletbakk , Olstad Ole K. , Dalsbotten Aass Hans Christian , van Zelm Menno C. , Kierulf Peter , Gautvik Kaare M. 
Published: July 2013

AbstractPrecursor B cell production from bone marrow in mice and humans declines with age. Because the mechanisms behind are still unknown, we studied five precursor B cell subsets (ProB, PreBI, PreBII large, PreBII small, immature B) and their differentiation-stage characteristic gene expression profiles in healthy individual toddlers and middle-aged adults. Notably, the composition of the precursor B cell compartment did not change with age. The expression levels of several transcripts encoding V(D)J recombination factors were decreased in adults as compared with children: RAG1 expression was significantly reduced in ProB cells, and DNA-PKcs, Ku80, and XRCC4 were decreased in PreBI cells. In contrast, TdT was 3-fold upregulated in immature B cells of adults. Still, N-nucleotides, P-nucleotides, and deletions were similar for IGH and IGK junctions between children and adults. PreBII large cells in adults, but not in children, showed highly upregulated expression of the differentiation inhibitor, inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (ID2), in absence of changes in expression of the ID2-binding partner E2A. Further, we identified impaired Ig locus contraction in adult precursor B cells as a likely mechanism by which ID2-mediated blocking of E2A function results in reduced bone marrow B cell output in adults. The reduced B cell production was not compensated by increased proliferation in adult immature B cells, despite increased Ki67 expression. These findings demonstrate distinct regulatory mechanisms in B cell differentiation between adults and children with a central role for transcriptional regulation of ID2.
STAT6 Controls the Number of Regulatory T Cells In Vivo, Thereby Regulating Allergic Lung Inflammation
Authors: Dorsey Nicolas J. , Chapoval Svetlana P. , Smith Elizabeth P. , Skupsky Jonathan , Scott David W. , Keegan Achsah D. 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
STAT6 plays a central role in IL-4–mediated allergic responses. Several studies indicate that regulatory T cells (Tregs) can be modulated by IL-4 in vitro. We previously showed that STAT6−/− mice are highly resistant to allergic lung inflammation even when wild-type Th2 effectors were provided and that they have increased numbers of Tregs. However, the role of STAT6 in modulating Tregs in vivo during allergic lung inflammation has not been thoroughly investigated. To examine Treg and STAT6 interaction during allergic inflammation, STAT6−/−, STAT6xRAG2−/−, and RAG2−/− mice were subjected to OVA sensitization and challenge following adoptive transfer of OVA-specific, wild-type Th2 effectors with or without prior Treg depletion/inactivation, using anti-CD25 (PC61). As expected, STAT6−/− mice were highly resistant to airway inflammation and remodeling. In contrast, allergic lung inflammation was partially restored in STAT6−/− mice treated with PC61 to levels observed in STAT6xRAG2−/− mice. In some cases, STAT6xRAG2−/− mice were also given natural Tregs along with Th2 effectors. Adoptive transfer of natural Tregs caused a substantial reduction in bronchoalveolar lavage eosinophil composition and suppressed airway remodeling and T cell migration into the lung in STAT6xRAG2−/− mice to levels comparable to those in STAT6−/− mice. These results demonstrate the STAT6-dependent suppression of Tregs in vivo to promote allergic airway inflammation.