bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High quality draft genome sequence of Bacteroides barnesiae type strain BL2T (DSM 18169T) from chicken caecum
Authors: Sakamoto Mitsuo , Lapidus Alla L. , Han James , Trong Stephan , Haynes Matthew , Reddy T. B. K. , Mikhailova Natalia , Huntemann Marcel , Pati Amrita , Ivanova Natalia N. , Pukall Rüdiger , Markowitz Victor M. , Woyke Tanja , Klenk Hans-Peter , Kyrpides Nikos C. , Ohkuma Moriya 
Published: August 2015

AbstractBacteroides barnesiae Lan et al. 2006 is a species of the genus Bacteroides, which belongs to the family Bacteroidaceae. Strain BL2T is of interest because it was isolated from the gut of a chicken and the growing awareness that the anaerobic microbiota of the caecum is of benefit for the host and may impact poultry farming. The 3,621,509 bp long genome with its 3,059 protein-coding and 97 RNA genes is a part of the Genomic Encyclopedia of Type Strains, Phase I: the one thousand microbial genomes (KMG) project.
Are DSM and logic not on good terms?
Authors: Dome Peter , Demeter Zoltan , Gonda Xenia , Rihmer Zoltan 
Published: August 2015

SummaryWe would like to draw attention to the fact that the recently published DSM-5 (and also its predecessor, DSM-IV) contains annoying errors that are mainly logical in nature. These mistakes are undoubtedly a result of inadvertence, rather than either conceptual (professional) disagreements between authors/editors or shortage of scientific data for appropriate circumscription of diagnostic categories. The good news is that since these errors are mainly logical ones, they can be recognised and repaired.
Duration of psychotherapy has little association with outcome
Authors: King Michael 
Published: August 2015

SummaryDoes more psychotherapy deliver better outcomes? The answer to this question has important implications for patients' lives and costs to society. This issue of the BJPsych contains an analysis of data from a large clinical cohort receiving courses of talking therapy of up to 40 sessions in length. Duration of therapy was inversely correlated with outcome. Should we be surprised?
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality After Chemotherapy or Surgery for Testicular Nonseminoma: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Fung Chunkit , Fossa Sophie D. , Milano Michael T. , Sahasrabudhe Deepak M. , Peterson Derick R. , Travis Lois B. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose Increased risks of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with testicular cancer (TC) given chemotherapy in European studies were largely restricted to long-term survivors and included patients from the 1960s. Few population-based investigations have quantified CVD mortality during, shortly after, and for two decades after TC diagnosis in the era of cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Patients and Methods Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for CVD and absolute excess risks (AERs; number of excess deaths per 10,000 person-years) were calculated for 15,006 patients with testicular nonseminoma reported to the population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program (1980 to 2010) who initially received chemotherapy (n = 6,909) or surgery (n = 8,097) without radiotherapy and accrued 60,065 and 81,227 person-years of follow-up, respectively. Multivariable modeling evaluated effects of age, treatment, extent of disease, and other factors on CVD mortality. Results Significantly increased CVD mortality occurred after chemotherapy (SMR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.78; n = 54) but not surgery (SMR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.60 to 1.07; n = 50). Significant excess deaths after chemotherapy were restricted to the first year after TC diagnosis (SMR, 5.31; AER, 13.90; n = 11) and included cerebrovascular disease (SMR, 21.72; AER, 7.43; n = 5) and heart disease (SMR, 3.45; AER, 6.64; n = 6). In multivariable analyses, increased CVD mortality after chemotherapy was confined to the first year after TC diagnosis (hazard ratio, 4.86; 95% CI, 1.25 to 32.08); distant disease (P < .05) and older age at diagnosis (P < .01) were independent risk factors. Conclusion This is the first population-based study, to our knowledge, to quantify short- and long-term CVD mortality after TC diagnosis. The increased short-term risk of CVD deaths should be further explored in analytic studies that enumerate incident events and can serve to develop comprehensive evidence-based approaches for risk stratification and application of preventive and interventional efforts.
Long-Term Course of Patients With Stage IA Nodular Lymphocyte-Predominant Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Report From the German Hodgkin Study Group
Authors: Eichenauer Dennis A. , Plütschow Annette , Fuchs Michael , von Tresckow Bastian , Böll Boris , Behringer Karolin , Diehl Volker , Eich Hans Theodor , Borchmann Peter , Engert Andreas 
Published: August 2015

Purpose The optimal treatment of stage IA nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) is not well defined. Thus, we performed an analysis using the database of the German Hodgkin Study Group. Patients and Methods The long-term outcome of 256 patients with stage IA NLPHL was evaluated. Patients had received combined-modality treatment (CMT; n = 72), extended-field radiotherapy (EF-RT; n = 49), involved-field radiotherapy (IF-RT; n = 108), or four weekly standard doses of rituximab (n = 27) within German Hodgkin Study Group clinical trial protocols between 1988 and 2009. Results The median age at NLPHL diagnosis was 39 years (range, 16 to 75 years). Most patients were male (76%). The whole patient group had a median follow-up of 91 months (CMT: 95 months; EF-RT: 110 months; IF-RT: 87 months; rituximab: 49 months). At 8 years, progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 88.5% and 98.6% for CMT, 84.3% and 95.7% for EF-RT, and 91.9% and 99.0% for IF-RT, respectively. Patients treated with rituximab had 4-year progression-free and overall survival rates of 81.0% and 100%, respectively. A second malignancy during the course of follow-up was diagnosed in 17 (6.6%) of 256 patients. A total of 12 deaths occurred. However, only one patient died from NLPHL. Conclusion Tumor control in this analysis was equivalent with CMT, EF-RT, and IF-RT. Therefore, IF-RT, which is associated with the lowest risk for the development of toxic effects, should be considered as standard of care for patients with stage IA NLPHL. Rituximab alone is associated with an increased risk of relapse in this patient population.
Limited Resection Versus Lobectomy for Older Patients With Early-Stage Lung Cancer: Impact of Histology
Authors: Veluswamy Rajwanth R. , Ezer Nicole , Mhango Grace , Goodman Emily , Bonomi Marcelo , Neugut Alfred I. , Swanson Scott , Powell Charles A. , Beasley Mary B. , Wisnivesky Juan P. 
Published: August 2015

Purpose Limited resection has been increasingly used in older patients with stage IA lung cancer. However, the equivalency of limited resection versus lobectomy according to histology is unknown. Methods We identified patients older than 65 years with stage IA invasive adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma ≤ 2 cm who were treated with limited resection (wedge or segmentectomy) or lobectomy in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare database. We estimated propensity scores that predicted the use of limited resection and compared survival of patients treated with limited resection versus lobectomy. Treatments were considered equivalent if the upper 95th percentile of the hazard ratio (HR) for limited resection was ≤ 1.25. Results Overall, 27% of 2,008 patients with adenocarcinoma and 32% of 1,139 patients with squamous cell carcinoma underwent limited resection. Survival analyses, adjusted for propensity score by using inverse probability weighting, showed that limited resection was not equivalent to lobectomy in patients with adenocarcinoma (HR, 1.21; upper 95% CI,1.34) or squamous cell carcinoma (HR, 1.21; upper 95% CI, 1.39). Although patients with adenocarcinomas treated with segmentectomy had equivalent survival rates to those treated with lobectomy (HR, 0.97; upper 95% CI, 1.07), outcomes of those treated with wedge resection (HR, 1.29; upper 95% CI, 1.42) did not. Among patients with squamous cell carcinoma, neither wedge resection (HR, 1.34; upper 95% CI, 1.53) nor segmentectomy (HR, 1.19; upper 95% CI, 1.36) were equivalent to lobectomy. Conclusion We found generally that limited resection is not equivalent to lobectomy in older patients with invasive non–small-cell lung cancer ≤ 2 cm in size, although segmentectomy may be equivalent in patients with adenocarcinoma.
Uterine Epithelial Estrogen Receptor-α Controls Decidualization via a Paracrine Mechanism
Authors: Pawar S. , Laws M. J. , Bagchi I. C. , Bagchi M. K. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractSteroid hormone-regulated differentiation of uterine stromal cells, known as decidualization, is essential for embryo implantation. The role of the estrogen receptor-α (ESR1) during this differentiation process is unclear. Development of conditional Esr1-null mice showed that deletion of this gene in both epithelial and stromal compartments of the uterus leads to a complete blockade of decidualization, indicating a critical role of ESR1 during this process. To further elucidate the cell type-specific function of ESR1 in the uterus, we created WEd/d mice in which Esr1 is ablated in uterine luminal and glandular epithelia but is retained in the stroma. Uteri of WEd/d mice failed to undergo decidualization, indicating that epithelial ESR1 contributes to stromal differentiation via a paracrine mechanism. We noted markedly reduced production of the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) in WEd/d uteri. Supplementation with LIF restored decidualization in WEd/d mice. Our study indicated that LIF acts synergistically with progesterone to induce the expression of Indian hedgehog (IHH) in uterine epithelium and its receptor patched homolog 1 in the stroma. IHH then induces the expression of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II, a transcription factor that promotes stromal differentiation. To address the mechanism by which LIF induces IHH expression, we used mice lacking uterine epithelial signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, a well-known mediator of LIF signaling. Our study revealed that LIF-mediated induction of IHH occurs without the activation of epithelial signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 but uses an alternate pathway involving the activation of the ERK1/2 kinase. Collectively our results provide unique insights into the paracrine mechanisms by which ESR1 directs epithelial-stromal dialogue during pregnancy establishment.
Fluorescent proteins function as a prey attractant: experimental evidence from the hydromedusa Olindias formosus and other marine organisms
Authors: Haddock Steven H. D. , Dunn Casey W. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Although proteins in the green fluorescent protein family (GFPs) have been discovered in a wide array of taxa, their ecological functions in these organisms remain unclear. Many hypothesized roles are related to modifying bioluminescence spectra or modulating the light regime for algal symbionts, but these do not explain the presence of GFPs in animals that are non-luminous and non-symbiotic. Other hypothesized functions are unrelated to the visual signals themselves, including stress responses and antioxidant roles, but these cannot explain the localization of fluorescence in particular structures on the animals. Here we tested the hypothesis that fluorescence might serve to attract prey. In laboratory experiments, the predator was the hydromedusa Olindias formosus (previously known as O. formosa), which has fluorescent and pigmented patches on the tips of its tentacles. The prey, juvenile rockfishes in the genus Sebastes, were significantly more attracted (P&lt;1×10−5) to the medusa's tentacles under lighting conditions where fluorescence was excited and tentacle tips were visible above the background. The fish did not respond significantly when treatments did not include fluorescent structures or took place under yellow or white lights, which did not generate fluorescence visible above the ambient light. Furthermore, underwater observations of the behavior of fishes when presented with a brightly illuminated point showed a strong attraction to this visual stimulus. In situ observations also provided evidence for fluorescent lures as supernormal stimuli in several other marine animals, including the siphonophore Rhizophysa eysenhardti. Our results support the idea that fluorescent structures can serve as prey attractants, thus providing a potential function for GFPs and other fluorescent proteins in a diverse range of organisms.
A Facile Synthesis of Branched Oligomers by Metal-free Ring-opening Oligomerization of Glycidyl Phenyl Ether Initiated with n-Bu4NF in the Presence of Polyhydric Alcohols
Authors: Morinaga Hisatoyo , Taniguchi Seiya 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Branched oligomers with relatively controlled molecular weights were synthesized in a facile manner by metal-free ring-opening oligomerization of glycidyl phenyl ether (GPE) initiated with n-Bu4NF in the presence of polyhydric alcohols such as propane-1,3-diol (PD), trimethylolpropane (TP), and pentaerythritol (PE).
A national online survey of UK maternity unit service provision for women with fear of birth
Authors: Richens Yana , Hindley Carol , Lavender Tina 
Published: August 2015

In the UK, fear of birth (FoB) is considered a valid reason to request an elective caesarean section, and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence ( NICE, 2011 ) provided guidance in respect of women with a FoB requesting operative delivery. However, it was not clear how many maternity units in the UK offered support for women in line with this guidance. Consequently, a national online audit survey was undertaken to determine current service provision in maternity units. Hence in 2013, 202 maternity units were surveyed over 9 weeks; there was a 63% (n=128) response rate. It was evident that 47.3% (n=52) of all units did not offer specialist support for women with FoB. However, where support was available, this varied from the benchmark recommendation for referral to a consultant obstetrician (NICE, 2001) to specialist midwifery clinics and psychological support services. Overall, the survey revealed that care pathways for FoB had not been widely implemented in the UK.
Terahertz Wave Characteristic of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Propagation Matrix Method
Authors: Wang Mao Yan , Li Hailong , Zhang Meng , Dong Yuliang , Zhong Cuilin 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThe reflection, transmission, and absorption coefficients of Terahertz wave from one dimensional stratified media containing dispersive single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are presented with the propagation matrix method. Firstly, the propagation matrix for the whole stratified media slab is obtained by applying electromagnetic waves in each stratified media to the boundary conditions of continuous tangential fields. The reflection and transmission coefficients are got by solving the propagation matrix expressed in the matrix recursion form. Then the accuracy of the propagation matrix method is verified by comparing with numerical results of the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method in reference. The effects to reflection and transmission coefficients of stratified media containing SWCNTs caused by the working frequency, thickness of SWCNTs and silicon dioxide substrate are investigated in detail.
Ketamine in outpatient arthroscopic shoulder
surgery: Effects on postoperative pain,
hemodynamic stability and process times
Authors: Schotola Hanna , Kirsch Karl-Christian , Höcker Jan , Egan Michael , Büttner Benedikt , Wiese Christoph , Mansur Ashham , Hinz José Maria , Bergmann Ingo 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Background: Pain after arthroscopic shoulder
surgery is often severe, and establishing a pain treatment
regimen that does not delay discharge can be challenging.
The reported ability of ketamine to prevent opioid-induced
hyperalgesia has not been investigated in this particular
setting.

Methods: 300 adult patients scheduled for shoulder
arthroscopy under general anesthesia were recruited
for this observational clinical trial and were allotted to
either receive 1mg/kg IV bolus of ketamine before surgery
(ketamine group, KG) or to a control group (CG) without
ketamine. NRS pain scores were obtained on the operative
day and on postoperative days 1 and 2 and compared
between groups. Secondary variables were blood pressure,
heart rate, process times, satisfaction with the anesthetic
and unwanted effects.

Results: Pain severity did not differ significantly between
the groups at any time. Propofol injection rate and cumulative
dose were higher in the KG. Heart rates and blood
pressures were similar. Time to emergence and time in PACU were longer and vomiting was more frequent in
patients given ketamine.

Conclusion: Preoperative low-dose ketamine added to
a general anesthetic does not reduce perioperative pain
after outpatient shoulder arthroscopy. It increases procedural
times and the incidence of PONV.
Simultaneous Determination of Cocaine and Benzoyl Ecgonine in Urine by Gas Chromatography with On-Column Alkylation
Authors: Jain NC , Chinn DM , Budd RD , Sneath TS , Leung WJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Cocaine, as a pharmacologically active alkaloid from the leaves of the Erythroxylon coca bush, is the most powerful naturally occurring stimulant known. The history of its use as a stimulant by the Indians of Peru and Bolivia goes back as far as 1200 years. In the past 116 years the pharmacological and addictive properties of cocaine have been studied. More recently, reports have shown cocaine abuse among 10 to 24.1% of narcotic addicts for infrequent periods dating back to 1968 [1], and seizures of illicit cocaine are frequently reported in the news. Yet in spite of its extensive use the user is not readily identified, nor has cocaine's role in fatal poisoning been fully examined. Cocaine's potential for abuse is well known, but exhaustive epidemiological and toxicological data are, on the whole, unavailable. This lack of data may be due to the technological inability to assay for free cocaine by normal analytical methods because of its extensive metabolism to benzoyl ecgonine [2–6]. The obvious point of attack, then, in the problem of cocaine abuse detection would be the perfection of a reliable analysis for benzoyl ecgonine.
The Status of Forensic Science Degree Programs in the United States
Authors: Peterson JL , De Forest PR 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Forensic science faces no problem more pressing than the education and training of the scientists who staff the nation's forensic science laboratories. If one examines the critical research needs of the profession, the shortage of truly qualified laboratory scientists and supervisors, or the crisis of overwhelming case loads and backlogs, one finds that the most essential element in satisfying these needs is a core of scientifically qualified personnel. Again, when the need for maintaining high quality control (assurance) standards or for developing high ethical awareness among the professionals is under discussion, we inevitably find that laboratory personnel and the quality of their educational backgrounds are the main focus.
Postmortem Pink Teeth
Authors: Kirkham WR , Andrews EE , Snow CC , Grape PM , Snyder L 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The observation, in 1953, of pink-colored teeth in the exhumed body of a victim in the Christie murders appears to have been the first report of this postmortem phenomenon in recent times [1]. In reporting this and four other cases, Miles and Fearnhead [2] suggested that the pinkness is a natural postmortem phenomenon caused by the seepage into the dentinal tubules of a fluid containing hemoglobin or its degradation products derived from decomposition or liquefaction of the tooth pulp. Beeley and Harvey [3] further reviewed the occurrence of this phenomenon and recorded additional cases in five humans and one dog. Their studies on the red gelatinous material in the pulp chambers of pink teeth gave spectrophotometric evidence for the presence of hemoglobin or other heme compounds. Isoelectric focusing confirmed the identification of the material as hemoglobin or derivatives of hemoglobin.
Paternity Testing by Using Erythrocyte Enzyme Esterase D
Authors: Dykes DD , Polesky HF 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The recently discovered erythrocyte enzyme system esterase D (EsD) [1] has been found to be a reliable genetic marker in population studies. It is presumed to be transmitted as an autosomal codominant allele with two common variants, EsD1 and EsD2 [1], and one rare variant EsD3 [2,3]. Gene frequencies for the EsD1 allele ranged from 0.649 to 0.945 in the twelve populations reviewed by Welch and Lee [4].
Postural Asphyxia as a Cause of Death in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Simson LR , Brantley RE 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Many investigators have considered the possible role of asphyxia in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Suggested mechanisms have included those which might mechanically compromise the airway, such as smothering, laryngospasm [1], and nasal obstruction from upper respiratory tract infection in the obligate nasal breathing infant [2]. Much current research focuses on the possibility of centrally mediated respiratory failure related to sleep apnea, functional abnormality of the ponto-medullary respiratory centers [3], chemically induced laryngeal apnea [4], and inappropriate operation of the oxygen-conserving reflex (“diving reflex”) [5].
Toxic or Tolerant: Chloral and the Drug Dilemma
Authors: Jindrich EJ 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Chloral hydrate, discovered in 1832, is considered to be the first synthetic organic compound effectively used as a hypnotic [1]. Its relative safety gained it great popularity, and reports of administering up to 25 g in a 20-h period have been published [2]. Dependency potential was recognized early, and many notable individuals including the philosopher Nietzsche became habituated. Individual case histories have documented persons taking almost 25 g nightly over prolonged periods of time [3] but little has been published on actual blood concentrations in such apparently tolerant individuals. The following case exemplifies some of the problems encountered in certifying a death in a person using relatively large amounts of chloral hydrate.
The Pathology of Self-Mutilation and Destructive Acts: A Forensic Study and Review
Authors: Eckert WG 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
The forensic practitioner is well aware of the self-destructive behavior of man through his experiences in evaluating cases in which a life has been taken through self-destructive means, but he may never encounter those cases occasionally confronting his clinical colleagues in which this self-destructive behavior is manifested against a part of the body and results in serious injury or mutilation. This abnormal behavior has been referred to by Karl Menninger [1] as “focal suicide” and is a manifestation of primary aggressive tendencies directed against one's self. Focal suicide is part of Menninger's general classification of self-destructive behavior of man (Table 1) and includes self-mutilations, malingering, “polysurgery” (compulsion to submit to surgical operations on many occasions), purposeful accidents, and impotence and frigidity.
A Review of Pharmacy and the Law
Authors: Caplan YH 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
This book is written primarily for practitioners and students of the profession of pharmacy, and broadly covers the law as it applies to all aspects and subspecialities of pharmacy practice. In lieu of an index, it contains an expanded outline which facilitates rapid and efficient use of the book. In addition, it contains a series of appendexes in which many of the most important laws applicable to pharmacy and drug regulation are reproduced.