bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating theories for insight: an amalgamated model for gamified virtual reality adoption by science teachers
Authors: Ateş Hüseyin , Kölemen Cansu Şahin 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This study examines the factors influencing science teachers’ intentions to adopt gamified virtual reality (VR) in educational settings, employing the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) as theoretical frameworks. We investigate how perceived threats, benefits, and motivational and cognitive factors impact these intentions, focusing on science teachers. By integrating TPB and PMT, the study aims to provide a comprehensive model that elucidates the roles of attitude, subjective norm, perceived severity, vulnerability, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and response costs in the decision to adopt gamified VR. The structural analysis conducted on a sample of 1645 science teachers revealed that our amalgamated model demonstrates a robust predictive capacity for their intentions to adopt gamified VR. This model outperformed traditional theories in predicting adoption intentions. The research also demonstrates significant relationships between these factors and the intention to use gamified VR, with differences noted across teacher groups by professional status and gender. This enhanced understanding of adoption barriers and facilitators informs strategies for better integration of VR in science education, potentially enriching teaching practices and improving student engagement and learning outcomes.
Projection of the Airborne CO2 Concentration by Land/Ocean Absorption Dynamics and Fossil-Fuel Reserve Depletion
Authors: Canuto Enrico , Mazza Daniele , Novara Carlo 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe paper has been suggested by the following observations: (1) the atmospheric growth rate of carbon dioxide concentration is smaller than that ascribed to the emission of fossil-fuel combustion and (2) the fossil-fuel reserves are finite. The first observation leads to a simple dynamic model, based on the balance of CO2 land/ocean absorption and anthropogenic emissions, only limited by the depletion of fossil-fuel reserves, in a business-as-usual scenario. The second observation suggests of projecting the past CO2 emissions to the future, by constraining emissions to the limit of reserve availability. Similar projections are available in the literature, but either driven by heuristics or by complex simulation packages. The paper provides a simple and formal method only driven by historical data, their uncertainty and simple models. The method aims to provide CO2 concentration projections, which being constrained by fossil-fuel finite reserve may be in principle employed as bounds to forecasting exercises. The time–invariant dynamics of the land/ocean absorption is the simplification of a more complex set of equations describing carbon dioxide exchange between different reservoirs. Contribution of other greenhouse gases like methane and nitrous oxide has been neglected, since their emissions cannot be projected with the paper methodology. Comparison with recent profiles of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) confirms that the finite-reserve projections of the fossil fuel emissions is close to those of a moderate Shared Socioeconomic Scenario (SSP) like SSP2-4.5—a result in agreement with other authors—but also reveals the limits of the simplified model, when extending the tuned dynamics of the recent mean CO2 exchanges to long-term future. The limits derive from linearity, time invariance, and aggregation assumptions, which allow a more complex model of CO2 exchanges to be simplified and tuned on experimental data.
Sustainability assessment of Sweden’s nuclear power: implications of the new expansion plans
Authors: Krayem Alaa , Thorin Eva 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmid the global energy and climate crises, phasing out fossil fuel has become an international priority. Nuclear energy is re-emerging as a fundamental constituent of several countries’ energy mixes. Sweden has updated its policy towards expanding its nuclear energy as a reflection of this global trend, but also due to national political shifts and technological ambitions. In this paper, we explore the current and future nuclear energy’s landscape in Sweden, by examining its historical context and projections. We achieve this by assessing the nuclear energy system through a sustainability lens, considering its four dimensions: feasibility, viability, desirability, and openness. Our analysis shows that, from a feasibility perspective, Sweden’s nuclear energy system must ensure a secure uranium supply and manage its spent fuel. Moreover, it should proactively address climate change impacts, such as sea level rise. From a viability perspective, the system is challenged by long lead times for nuclear plants, though Small Modular Reactors offer a potential solution by reducing costs and risk. Increased public support is in favor of the sector’s desirability, while its reliance on uranium imports puts its security at risk and highlights the critical need to reduce its openness. With a straightforward qualitative assessment, we show the imperative need for a multidisciplinary approach when crafting Sweden’s nuclear policy, to achieve a balance between national energy needs, environmental responsibilities, and the challenges of the global energy market.
The Radiation Field, at the Origin of the Quantum Canonical Operators
Authors: Cetto A. M. , Peña L. de la 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe show that the electromagnetic radiation field, conventionally introduced as a perturbation in quantum mechanics, is actually at the basis of the operator formalism. We first analyze the linear resonant response of the (continuous) variables x(t), p(t) of a harmonic oscillator to the full radiation field, i.e. the zero-point field plus an applied field playing the role of the driving force, and then extend the analysis to the response of a charged particle bound by a non-linear force, typically an atomic electron. This leads to the establishment of a one-to-one correspondence between the response functions and the respective quantum operators, and to the identification of the quantum commutator with the Poisson bracket of the response functions with respect to the normalized variables of the driving field. To complete the quantum description, a similar procedure is used to obtain the field operators as the response functions to the same normalized variables. The results allow us to draw important conclusions about the physical content of the quantum formalism, in particular about the meaning of the quantum expectation values and the coarse-grained nature of the quantum-mechanical description.
Analysis of human and wildlife coexistence in national parks; the case study of okomu and cross river national parks, Nigeria
Authors: Digun-Aweto Oghenetejiri 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHuman-wildlife conflicts occur in areas where frequent interactions exist between man and wildlife, leading to conflicts. This study undertook a critical analysis of human and wildlife co-existence between two National Parks in Nigeria. Surveys conducted with eight communities shed light on conflicts and how to improve human-wildlife co-existence based on the following criteria: benefit accrued to the community and compensation. A survey was conducted in eight communities to examine the level of conflicts between the communities and wildlife in the area and how to improve human wildlife co-existence based on the adoption of benefit sharing and compensation for crop damage in the management of the two parks. A multistage sampling technique was employed, including a purposive sampling design used to select the communities and a simple random sampling technique used to determine households to participate in the survey. Data was collected from households in communities adjacent to Cross River National Park (n = 203) Okomu National Park (n = 198). The results indicate that to improve co-existence with wildlife, The findings of the research recommend more focus on local social and economic benefits, wildlife compensation, and special attention to reducing conflicts through mitigation strategies.
I would prefer not to: a qualitative investigation of adolescents’ perceptions of dirty work in Switzerland
Authors: Borges André , Toscanelli Cecilia , Massoudi Koorosh 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDefined as occupations, tasks, or roles perceived as disgusting or degrading, dirty work results from perceptions of a broad array of actors in society. This study aimed at identifying descriptors adolescents in Switzerland associate with dirty work. The originality of this study stems from investigating dirty work on the basis of adolescents’ perceptions, which represent an outsider group receptive to social norms, and thus informative of social stigmatizations. Responses of 225 adolescents to an open-ended question were analyzed using a consensual qualitative research-modified approach. Participants associated dirty work with adverse working conditions, adverse employment conditions, negative social images, and negative well-being outcomes.
Entering the Classroom: Do Newcomers Experience More Peer Victimization than Their Established Peers?
Authors: Tenhunen Essi-Lotta , Malamut Sarah , McMullin Patricia , Turunen Tiina , Yanagida Takuya , Salmivalli Christina 
Published: July 2024

AbstractStudents changing classrooms or schools may face challenges from entering a new peer context without friends and standing out from the crowd as newcomers. Two studies examined whether newcomer status predicts peer victimization at school, exploring several potential moderating factors (e.g., social anxiety, immigrant background and having good friends in the classroom) (Study 1: n = 6,199; Mage=12.53) and whether being victimized as a newcomer varied based on the different reasons for mobility (e.g., parental dissolution, residential move, previous victimization, changing into a more suitable school) (Study 2: n = 58,738). In both studies, newcomers reported higher peer victimization compared to established students. Having good friends in the classroom was found as a protective factor in Study 1, being the only statistically significant moderator. All reasons for mobility, except changing into a more suitable school, predicted slightly higher peer victimization in Study 2, with the highest risk for those changing schools due to previous peer victimization experiences.
Stability and Validity of Self-Reported Depression and Anxiety in Autistic Youth
Authors: Kim Soo Youn , Lecavalier Luc 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess test-retest reliability and diagnostic validity of self-report instruments of depression and anxiety in autistic youth. Participants were 55 autistic youth aged 8–17 years presenting with depressive or anxiety symptoms. They were interviewed with the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children (K-SADS-PL) and completed the Children’s Depression Inventory, Second Edition – Self Report Short (CDI 2:SR[S]) and the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) twice, separated by a two-week interval. Test-retest reliability was measured with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), and diagnostic validity was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves with the summary ratings on the K-SADS-PL as the criterion. The effect of participant characteristics was analyzed through a moderation analysis. Generalized anxiety (GAD) and social anxiety disorder (SOC) were the two most prevalent disorders in the sample. Test-retest reliability for most of the subscales was good (ICC = 0.74 − 0.87), with the exception of the RCADS obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and GAD. The Adaptive Behavior conceptual score was a significant moderator of the reliability of the CDI 2:SR[S]. The ROC analysis suggested the RCADS SOC and the CDI 2:SR[S] to be good screening tools with inadequate specificity when appropriately sensitive cutoff scores are used. Optimal cutoff scores in this sample were lower than originally published. The findings suggest that autistic youth can provide stable reports of anxiety and depressive symptoms over time. Diagnostic validity varied according to the construct and instrument.
Signs of Dysconscious Racism and Xenophobiaism in Knowledge Production and the Formation of Academic Researchers: A National Study
Authors: Belluigi Dina Zoe 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe relation of social ethics to knowledge production is explored through a study about academic research enquiry on minoritised and racialised populations. Despite social change related to migration and ethnicity being a feature of contemporary Northern Ireland, local dynamics and actors seemed under-studied by its research-intensive ‘anchor universities’. To explore this, a critical discourse analysis of published research outputs (n = 200) and related authors’ narratives (n = 32) are interpreted within this paper through conceptualisations of consciousness. Insiders’ perspectives on the influences and structures of the research journey demonstrate the ways in which research cultures (mis)shape the politics of representation, authorship and ethicality. Societal and political disregard for the new publics, reproduced within universities’ hidden curriculum, has been negotiated and to some extent resisted in the research practices of those marginalised (such as women academics), those entering the system (migrant academics), and those local-born whose referential frames were developed external to local universities. Of concern is that the few research enablers were characterised by techno-rationality and doublespeak, impoverishing the depth of theorisation, complexity and intellectual debate necessary for challenging the existing dysconscious racism and xenophobiaism of the social imaginary.
Does Childcare Attendance Moderate the Associations Between Mother-Child Depressive Symptoms and Children’s Peer Victimization Experiences?
Authors: Larose Marie-Pier , Barker Edward D. , Ouellet-Morin Isabelle , Salmivalli Christina , Côté Sylvana M. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractPeer victimization experiences is suggested to play a mediating role in the transmission of depression symptoms between mothers and children. Childcare attendance has been found to reduce the association between mother and child depressive symptoms. However, it is not clear whether this protective effect unfolds via a reduction of peer victimization experiences in middle childhood. The aims of this study were to test (1) whether peer victimization in middle childhood mediated the association between exposure to maternal depressive symptomatology in early childhood and child depressive symptoms in late childhood, (2) whether childcare attendance moderate the direct associations between maternal depressive symptoms and children’s peer victimization experiences in middle childhood as well as depressive symptoms in late childhood and (3) whether childcare attendance moderates this mediated association. Data come from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Children and Parents (N = 5526) where exposure to maternal depressive symptoms and intensity of childcare attendance were assessed repeatedly during early childhood. Children’s peer victimization and depressive symptoms were self-reported at eight and 10 years of age, respectively. We used weighted structural equation modeling and found that the association between mothers and children’s depression was partially mediated by peer victimization. Childcare attendance did not moderate the indirect effect of maternal depression on child depressive symptoms via peer victimization. However, we found that for children who attended childcare, maternal depression was no longer associated child depressive symptoms in late childhood. In conclusion, peer victimization experiences partly explain the intergenerational transmission of depressive symptoms, but this mechanism is not altered by children’s childcare attendance. Future research should examine potential socio-emotional and school readiness mechanisms that may break the cycle of depressive symptomatology from mothers to children.
Enhancing patient acceptance of ICD implantation through structured shared decision making: conversation is key
Authors: Lambrakos Litsa K. , Feigofsky Suzanne A. , Wang Ying , Ahmed Fozia Z. , Pachón Marta , Takata Theodore S. , Frazier-Mills Camille G. , Kotschet Emily , Gravelin Laura M. , Hsu Jonathan C. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Background
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (CRT-D) are lifesaving treatments for patients at risk for sudden cardiac death. Effective physician–patient communication during the shared decision-making process is essential. Electrophysiologist-patient conversations were targeted to obtain objective data on the interaction, understand the conversation framework, and uncover opportunities for improved communication.

Methods
Individuals previously identified as requiring an ICD/CRT-D but declined implantation were recruited for this four-stage interview and survey-based study. Quantitative analysis of surveys and AI analysis of conversation videos was conducted to evaluate patient participant expectations, analyze feedback about the conversations with study physicians, and gauge willingness for device implantation.

Results
The study included 27 patients (mean age 51 years, 51.9% female) and 9 study physicians. Patients were significantly more willing to undergo ICD/CRT-D implantation after conversing with study physicians compared to their own physicians and pre-conversation surveys (mean scores: 5.0, 3.1, and 4.4 out of 7, respectively; p < 0.001). Patient participants had higher satisfaction with the study conversation, rating study physicians higher in effectiveness of explanations, responsiveness to questions, and overall quality of the conversation compared to their own physicians (all p < 0.001).

Conclusions
In a cohort of patients who previously declined ICD/CRT-D implantation, patient satisfaction and willingness to undergo implantation of a guideline-directed device therapy increased significantly following a structured conversation with study physicians. Identified key elements could be integrated into user-friendly tools and educational materials to facilitate these conversations, improving patient engagement with the decision-making process and enhancing informed acceptance of indicated device therapies.

Graphical abstract
Next-generation atrial fibrillation ablation: clinical performance of pulsed-field ablation and very high-power short-duration radiofrequency
Authors: Soubh Nibras , Gronwald Judith , Haarmann Helge , Rasenack Eva , Bengel Philipp , Schlögl Simon , Hasenfuß Gerd , Zabel Markus , Bergau Leonard 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Pulsed-field energy (PFA) and very high-power short-duration radiofrequency (vHPSD-RF) are two novel ablation methods for pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Both PFA and vHPSD-RF show promise for improving efficacy, safety, and reducing procedure durations. However, direct comparisons between these two techniques are scarce.

Methods and results
Retrospective analysis of 82 patients with symptomatic AF. Of these, 52 patients received PFA and 30 received vHPSD-RF (90 W, 4 s) as index procedure. At the 6-month follow-up, AF recurrence occurred in 4 patients following PFA and 5 patients following vHPSD-RF (p-value = 0.138). Significant improvements in the EHRA and NYHA stages were evident in both PFA (p < 0.001 and p = 0.047, respectively) and vHPSD-RF groups (p = 0.007 and p = 0.012, respectively). The total procedure duration and the left atrial dwell time were significantly shorter in the PFA group (64 ± 19 min vs. 99 ± 32 min, p < 0.001 and 41 ± 12 min vs. 62 ± 29 min, p < 0.001, respectively). The fluoroscopy time and dose area product were significantly higher in PFA (14 ± 6 vs. 9 ± 5 min, p < 0.001 and 14 ± 9 vs. 11 ± 9 Gy cm2, p = 0.046, respectively). One patient in the vHPSD-RF group suffered a stroke, not directly linked to the procedure (0 vs. 1 major complication, p = 0.366).

Conclusion
Based on this retrospective single-center study, PFA and vHPSD-RF were associated with similar effectiveness and safety profiles. PFA was linked to shorter procedure times and higher radiation exposure compared to vHPSD-RF.

Graphical Abstract
Enhancing weld line visibility prediction in injection molding using physics-informed neural networks
Authors: Pieressa Andrea , Baruffa Giacomo , Sorgato Marco , Lucchetta Giovanni 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a novel approach using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) to predict weld line visibility in injection-molded components based on process parameters. Leveraging PINNs, the research aims to minimize experimental tests and numerical simulations, thus reducing computational efforts, to make the classification models for surface defects more easily implementable in an industrial environment. By correlating weld line visibility with the Frozen Layer Ratio (FLR) threshold, identified through limited experimental data and simulations, the study generates synthetic datasets for pre-training neural networks. This study demonstrates that a quality classification model pre-trained with PINN-generated datasets achieves comparable performance to a randomly initialized network in terms of Recall and Area Under the Curve (AUC) metrics, with a substantial reduction of 78% in the need for experimental points. Furthermore, it achieves similar accuracy levels with 74% fewer experimental points. The results demonstrate the robustness and accuracy of neural networks pre-trained with PINNs in predicting weld line visibility, offering a promising approach to minimizing experimental efforts and computational resources.
Logical Models of Mathematical Texts: The Case of Conventions for Division by Zero
Authors: Bergstra Jan A. , Tucker John V. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractArithmetical texts involving division are governed by conventions that avoid the risk of problems to do with division by zero (DbZ). A model for elementary arithmetic texts is given, and with the help of many examples and counter examples a partial description of what may be called traditional conventions on DbZ is explored. We introduce the informal notions of legal and illegal texts to analyse these conventions. First, we show that the legality of a text is algorithmically undecidable. As a consequence, we know that there is no simple sound and complete set of guidelines to determine unambiguously how DbZ is to be avoided. We argue that these observations call for further explorations of mathematical conventions. We propose a method using logics to progress the analysis of legality versus illegality: arithmetical texts in a model can be transformed into logical formulae over special total algebras that are able to approximate partiality but in a total world. The algebras we use are called common meadows. Our dive into informal mathematical practice using formal methods opens up questions about DbZ which we address in conclusion.