bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absolute Pitch: Evidence for Early Cognitive Facilitation during Passive Listening as Revealed by Reduced P3a Amplitudes
Authors: Rogenmoser Lars , Elmer Stefan , Jäncke Lutz 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Absolute pitch (AP) is the rare ability to identify or produce different pitches without using reference tones. At least two sequential processing stages are assumed to contribute to this phenomenon. The first recruits a pitch memory mechanism at an early stage of auditory processing, whereas the second is driven by a later cognitive mechanism (pitch labeling). Several investigations have used active tasks, but it is unclear how these two mechanisms contribute to AP during passive listening. The present work investigated the temporal dynamics of tone processing in AP and non-AP (NAP) participants by using EEG. We applied a passive oddball paradigm with between- and within-tone category manipulations and analyzed the MMN reflecting the early stage of auditory processing and the P3a response reflecting the later cognitive mechanism during the second processing stage. Results did not reveal between-group differences in MMN waveforms. By contrast, the P3a response was specifically associated with AP and sensitive to the processing of different pitch types. Specifically, AP participants exhibited smaller P3a amplitudes, especially in between-tone category conditions, and P3a responses correlated significantly with the age of commencement of musical training, suggesting an influence of early musical exposure on AP. Our results reinforce the current opinion that the representation of pitches at the processing level of the auditory-related cortex is comparable among AP and NAP participants, whereas the later processing stage is critical for AP. Results are interpreted as reflecting cognitive facilitation in AP participants, possibly driven by the availability of multiple codes for tones.
Analysis of Potassium Titanyl Phosphate Laser Settings and Voice Outcomes in the Treatment of Reinke’s Edema
Authors: Young VyVy N. , Mallur Pavan S. , Wong Adrienne W. , Mandal Rajarsi , Staltari Giuseppe V. , Gartner-Schmidt Jackie , Rosen Clark A. 
Published: August 2014

Objective: Despite increased clinical utility of the 532-nm potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser, no studies have examined outcomes for Reinke’s edema (RE) as a function of laser parameters and initial treatment effects. Variability in delivery parameters, fiber-to-tissue distance, and immediate end-tissue effects limits universal application of existing study outcomes. We examine voice outcomes using standardized treatment classification, providing justification for laser parameter selection and immediate tissue effect in clinical use. Methods: Retrospective review of 9 patients who underwent KTP laser treatment for RE. Demographics, RE severity, laser settings, total laser energy, and immediate tissue effects were correlated with quantified voice outcomes. Results: An average of 157 joules (6-640 J) was delivered over a 0.369-second exposure time (0.1-0.9 seconds). Immediate tissue effects varied from nonablative treatment (type I and type II) to ablation without tissue removal (type III). Overall, Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) decreased by 8.23; improvement was most pronounced with type II treatments (delta VHI-10 = 12). No complications were encountered. Conclusion: Potassium titanyl phosphate laser can be safely and effectively used to improve voice in RE patients regardless of severity. This is the first study to provide detailed information on laser settings, energy delivery, and treatment effect in RE management; these results may guide clinical use of this modality, especially for novice laser surgeons.
Toward a Tactile Language for Human–Robot Interaction
Authors: Barber Daniel J. , Reinerman-Jones Lauren E. , Matthews Gerald 
Published: August 2014

Objective: Two experiments were performed to investigate the feasibility for robot-to-human communication of a tactile language using a lexicon of standardized tactons (tactile icons) within a sentence. Background: Improvements in autonomous systems technology and a growing demand within military operations are spurring interest in communication via vibrotactile displays. Tactile communication may become an important element of human–robot interaction (HRI), but it requires the development of messaging capabilities approaching the communication power of the speech and visual signals used in the military. Method: In Experiment 1 ( N = 38), we trained participants to identify sets of directional, dynamic, and static tactons and tested performance and workload following training. In Experiment 2 ( N = 76), we introduced an extended training procedure and tested participants’ ability to correctly identify two-tacton phrases. We also investigated the impact of multitasking on performance and workload. Individual difference factors were assessed. Results: Experiment 1 showed that participants found dynamic and static tactons difficult to learn, but the enhanced training procedure in Experiment 2 produced competency in performance for all tacton categories. Participants in the latter study also performed well on two-tacton phrases and when multitasking. However, some deficits in performance and elevation of workload were observed. Spatial ability predicted some aspects of performance in both studies. Conclusions: Participants may be trained to identify both single tactons and tacton phrases, demonstrating the feasibility of developing a tactile language for HRI. Application: Tactile communication may be incorporated into multi-modal communication systems for HRI. It also has potential for human–human communication in challenging environments.
Detectability of T1a lung cancer on digital chest radiographs: an observer-performance comparison among 2-megapixel general-purpose, 2-megapixel medical-purpose, and 3-megapixel medical-purpose liquid-crystal display (LCD) monitors
Authors: Yabuuchi Hidetake , Matsuo Yoshio , Kamitani Takeshi , Jinnnouchi Mikako , Yonezawa Masato , Yamasaki Yuzo , Nagao Michinobu , Kawanami Satoshi , Okamoto Tatsuro , Sasaki Masayuki , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: August 2014

Background There has been no comparison of detectability of small lung cancer between general and medical LCD monitors or no comparison of detectability of small lung cancer between solid and part-solid nodules. Purpose To compare the detectabilities of T1a lung cancer on chest radiographs on three LCD monitor types: 2-megapixel (MP) for general purpose (General), 2-MP for medical purpose (Medical), and 3-MP-Medical. Material and Methods Radiographs from forty patients with T1aN0M0 primary lung cancer (27 solid nodules, 13 part-solid nodules) and 60 patients with no abnormalities on both chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) were consecutively collected. Five readers assessed 100 cases for each monitor. The observations were analyzed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. A jackknife method was used for statistical analysis. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results The average AUC for all T1a lung cancer nodule detection using the 2-MP-General, 2-MP-Medical, and 3-MP-Medical LCD monitors were 0.86, 0.89, and 0.89, respectively; there were no significant differences among them. The average AUC for part-solid nodule detection using a 2-MP-General, 2-MP-Medical, and 3-MP-Medical LCD monitors were 0.77, 0.86, and 0.89, respectively. There were significant differences between the 2-MP-General and 2-MP-Medical LCD monitors ( P = 0.043) and between the 2-MP-General and 3-MP-Medical LCD monitors ( P = 0.027). There was no significant difference between the 2-MP-Medical and 3-MP-Medical LCD monitors. The average AUC for solid nodule detection using a 2-MP-General, 2-MP-Medical, and 3-MP-Medical LCD monitors were 0.90, 0.90, and 0.88, respectively; there were no significant differences among them. The mean AUC values for all and part-solid nodules of the low-experienced readers were significantly lower than those of the high-experienced readers with the 2 M-GP color LCD monitor ( P < 0.05). Conclusion Detectability of part-solid nodules using a general-purpose LCD monitor was significantly lower than those using medical-purpose LCD monitors.
Energy Flow Analysis During the Tennis Serve
Authors: Martin Caroline , Bideau Benoit , Bideau Nicolas , Nicolas Guillaume , Delamarche Paul , Kulpa Richard 
Published: August 2014

Background: Energy flow has been hypothesized to be one of the most critical biomechanical concepts related to tennis performance and overuse injuries. However, the relationships among energy flow during the tennis serve, ball velocity, and overuse injuries have not been assessed. Purpose: To investigate the relationships among the quality and magnitude of energy flow, the ball velocity, and the peaks of upper limb joint kinetics and to compare the energy flow during the serve between injured and noninjured tennis players. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The serves of expert tennis players were recorded with an optoelectronic motion capture system. The forces and torques of the upper limb joints were calculated from the motion captures by use of inverse dynamics. The amount of mechanical energy generated, absorbed, and transferred was determined by use of a joint power analysis. Then the players were followed during 2 seasons to identify upper limb overuse injuries with a questionnaire. Finally, players were classified into 2 groups according to the questionnaire results: injured or noninjured. Results: Ball velocity increased and upper limb joint kinetics decreased with the quality of energy flow from the trunk to the hand + racket segment. Injured players showed a lower quality of energy flow through the upper limb kinetic chain, a lower ball velocity, and higher rates of energy absorbed by the shoulder and elbow compared with noninjured players. Conclusion: The findings of this study imply that improper energy flow during the tennis serve can decrease ball velocity, increase upper limb joint kinetics, and thus increase overuse injuries of the upper limb joints.
Understanding Latino Parents’ Child Mental Health Literacy
Authors: Umpierre Mari , Meyers Laura V. , Ortiz Aida , Paulino Angela , Rodriguez Anita Rivera , Miranda Ana , Rodriguez Raquel , Kranes Stephanie , McKay Mary M. 
Published: August 2014

Objective: This article describes Phase 1 of a pilot that aims to develop, implement, and test an intervention to educate and simultaneously engage highly stressed Latino parents in child mental health services. A team of Spanish-speaking academic and community co-investigators developed the intervention using a community-based participatory research approach and qualitative methods. Method: Through focus groups, the team identified parents’ knowledge gaps and their health communication preferences. Results: Latino parents from urban communities need and welcome child mental health literacy interventions that integrate printed materials with videos, preferably in their native language, combined with guidance from professionals. Conclusion: A 3-minute video in Spanish that integrates education entertainment strategies and a culturally relevant format was produced as part of the intervention to educate and simultaneously engage highly stressed Latino parents in child mental health care. It is anticipated that the intervention will positively impact service use among this group.
Titanium template for scaphoid reconstruction
Authors: Haefeli M. , Schaefer D. J. , Schumacher R. , Müller-Gerbl M. , Honigmann P. 
Published: August 2014

Reconstruction of a non-united scaphoid with a humpback deformity involves resection of the non-union followed by bone grafting and fixation of the fragments. Intraoperative control of the reconstruction is difficult owing to the complex three-dimensional shape of the scaphoid and the other carpal bones overlying the scaphoid on lateral radiographs. We developed a titanium template that fits exactly to the surfaces of the proximal and distal scaphoid poles to define their position relative to each other after resection of the non-union. The templates were designed on three-dimensional computed tomography reconstructions and manufactured using selective laser melting technology. Ten conserved human wrists were used to simulate the reconstruction. The achieved precision measured as the deviation of the surface of the reconstructed scaphoid from its virtual counterpart was good in five cases (maximal difference 1.5 mm), moderate in one case (maximal difference 3 mm) and inadequate in four cases (difference more than 3 mm). The main problems were attributed to the template design and can be avoided by improved pre-operative planning, as shown in a clinical case. Level of evidence: V
Stimulation of surface IgM of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells induces an unfolded protein response dependent on BTK and SYK
Authors: Krysov Sergey , Steele Andrew J. , Coelho Vania , Linley Adam , Sanchez Hidalgo Marina , Carter Matthew , Potter Kathleen N. , Kennedy Benjamin , Duncombe Andrew S. , Ashton-Key Margaret , Forconi Francesco , Stevenson Freda K. , Packham Graham 
Published: August 2014

Key Points
Stimulation of the B-cell receptor of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells results in activation of an unfolded protein response. Unfolded protein response activation following surface immunoglobulin M stimulation in vitro is dependent on the activity of BTK and SYK.
Tunneling times of acoustic phonon packets through a distributed Bragg reflector
Authors: Lazcano Zorayda , Valdés Negrín Pedro Luis , Villegas Diosdado , Arriaga Jesus , Pérez-Álvarez Rolando 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The longwave phenomenological model is used to make simple and precise calculations of various physical quantities such as the vibrational energy density, the vibrational energy, the relative mechanical displacement, and the one-dimensional stress tensor of a porous silicon distributed Bragg reflector. From general principles such as invariance under time reversal, invariance under space reflection, and conservation of energy density flux, the equivalence of the tunneling times for both transmission and reflection is demonstrated. Here, we study the tunneling times of acoustic phonon packets through a distributed Bragg reflector in porous silicon multilayer structures, and we report the possibility that a phenomenon called Hartman effect appears in these structures.
The promise of circulating tumor cell analysis in cancer management
Authors: Mateo Joaquin , Gerlinger Marco , Rodrigues Daniel Nava , de Bono Johann S 
Published: August 2014

AbstractEnumeration and molecular characterization of circulating tumor cells isolated from peripheral blood of patients with cancer can aid selection of targeted therapy for patients, monitoring of response to therapies and optimization of drug development, while also providing valuable information about intratumoral heterogeneity.
Pan-cancer patterns of DNA methylation
Authors: Witte Tania , Plass Christoph , Gerhauser Clarissa 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe comparison of DNA methylation patterns across cancer types (pan-cancer methylome analyses) has revealed distinct subgroups of tumors that share similar methylation patterns. Integration of these data with the wealth of information derived from cancer genome profiling studies performed by large international consortia has provided novel insights into the cellular aberrations that contribute to cancer development. There is evidence that genetic mutations in epigenetic regulators (such as DNMT3, IDH1/2 or H3.3) mediate or contribute to these patterns, although a unifying molecular mechanism underlying the global alterations of DNA methylation has largely been elusive. Knowledge gained from pan-cancer methylome analyses will aid the development of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, improve patient stratification and the discovery of novel druggable targets for therapy, and will generate hypotheses for innovative clinical trial designs based on methylation subgroups rather than on cancer subtypes. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the global profiling of tumor genomes for aberrant DNA methylation and the integration of these data with cancer genome profiling data, highlight potential mechanisms leading to different methylation subgroups, and show how this information can be used in basic research and for translational applications. A remaining challenge is to experimentally prove the functional link between observed pan-cancer methylation patterns, the associated genetic aberrations, and their relevance for the development of cancer.
The Three-Year Incidence of Major Hemorrhage among Older Adults Initiating Chronic Dialysis
Authors: Sood Manish M , Bota Sarah E , McArthur Eric , Kapral Moira K , Tangri Navdeep , Knoll Greg , Zimmerman Deborah , Garg Amit X 
Published: August 2014

Background: For those who initiate chronic dialysis, knowing what proportion will experience 3-year outcomes of hemorrhage with hospitalization informs patient prognosis, disease impact, and the planning of trials and programs to prevent events. Objectives: We examined the incidence of hemorrhage and related gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures in incident older dialysis patients and stratified patients by age, era, dialysis modality and whether recently prescribed anti-thrombotic medication. Design: Retrospective cohort study Setting: Ontario, Canada from 1998 to 2008 (n = 11,173) Patients: All older patients (>65 years) who initiated chronic dialysis Measurements: Hospitalization with hemorrhage and its subtypes (upper and lower gastrointestinal, intra-cerebral, subarachnoid) and related-gastrointestinal procedures. Methods: Three-year outcomes of hospitalization with hemorrhage were expressed as cumulative incidence and incidence rate (number of events per 1,000 patient years). Results were stratified by patient age (66 to 74, 75 to 84, ≥ 85), era (1998 to 2001, 2002 to 2005, 2006 to 2008) and dialysis modality. Among those with hemorrhage, we examined prescriptions for anti-thrombotic medications (warfarin, clopidogrel) in the preceding 120 days. Results: The 3-year cumulative incidence of hemorrhage was 14.4% (roughly 1 in 7 patients). By location, the 3-year cumulative incidence was 8.9% lower gastrointestinal, 6.1% upper gastrointestinal, 0.9% intra-cerebral and 0.1% sub arachnoid hemorrhage. The 3-year cumulative incidence of gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures was 14.8%. The cumulative incidence and rate of hemorrhage were not appreciably different across the 3 age strata, by era or by dialysis modality. Among patients with a hemorrhage, 29.5% were prescribed warfarin in the preceding 120 days, and 8.4% clopidogrel. Limitations: Recurrent events were not included. Conclusions: Many older patients who initiate chronic dialysis will be hospitalized with hemorrhage and receive related procedures over the subsequent three years. Despite greater age and co-morbidity over the last decade this incidence has not changed.
Batf3-independent langerin− CX3CR1− CD8α+ splenic DCs represent a precursor for classical cross-presenting CD8α+ DCs
Authors: Petersen Troels R , Knight Deborah A , Tang Ching-Wen , Osmond Taryn L , Hermans Ian F 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThis study tests the hypothesis that CD8α+ DCs in the spleen of mice contain an immature precursor for functionally mature, “classical” cross-presenting CD8α+ DCs. The lymphoid tissues contain a network of phenotypically distinct DCs with unique roles in surveillance and immunity. Splenic CD8α+ DCs have been shown to exhibit a heightened capacity for phagocytosis of cellular material, secretion of IL-12, and cross-priming of CD8+ T cells. However, this population can be subdivided further on the basis of expression of both langerin/CD207 and CX3CR1. We therefore evaluated the functional capacities of these different subsets. The CX3CR1+ CD8α+ DC subset does not express langerin and does not exhibit the classical features above. The CX3CR1− CD8α+ DC can be divided into langerin-positive and negative populations, both of which express DEC205, Clec9A, and high basal levels of CD86. However, the langerin+ CX3CR1− CD8α+ subset has a superior capacity for acquiring cellular material and producing IL-12 and is more susceptible to activation-induced cell death. Significantly, following purification and adoptive transfer into new hosts, the langerin− CX3CR1− CD8α+ subset survives longer, up-regulates expression of langerin, and becomes more susceptible to activation-induced cell death. Last, in contrast to langerin+ CX3CR1− CD8α+, the langerin− CX3CR1− CD8α+ are still present in Batf3−/− mice. We conclude that the classical attributes of CD8α+ DC are confined primarily to the langerin+ CX3CR1− CD8α+ DC population and that the langerin− CX3CR1− subset represents a Batf3-independent precursor to this mature population.
Sustainable Release of Paclitaxel from Biodegradable Poly(γ-glutamic acid) Nanoparticles for Treatment of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Chetprayoon Paninee , Shima Fumiaki , Matsusaki Michiya , Akagi Takami , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We synthesized 200 nm biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) composed of amphipathic copolymers, l-phenylalanine ethyl ester-grafted poly(γ-glutamic acid) as drug carriers for atherosclerosis treatment. Paclitaxel (PTX) was successfully loaded on NPs by physical adsorption. The antiproliferative effect of PTX-loaded NPs was clearly observed in umbilical artery smooth muscle cells for at least one week by sustained release of PTX. PTX-loaded NPs are expected to be applicable in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
The effects of extremes of pH on the growth and transcriptomic profiles of three haloarchaea
Authors: Moran-Reyna Aida , Coker James A. 
Published: August 2014

The halophilic archaea (haloarchaea) live in saline environments, which are found across the globe. In addition to salinity, these niches can be quite dynamic and experience extreme conditions such as low oxygen content, radiation (gamma and UV), pH and temperature. However, of all the naturally occurring stresses faced by the haloarchaea, only one, pH, has not been previously investigated in regard to the changes induced in the transcriptome. Therefore, we endeavored to determine the responses in three haloarchaea:Halorubrum lacusprofundi(Hla),Haloferax volcanii(Hvo), andHalobacteriumsp. NRC-1 (NRC-1) to growth under acidic and alkaline pH. Our observations showed that the transcriptomes of Hvo and NRC-1 regulated stress, motility, and ABC transporters in a similar manner, which is in line with previous reports from other prokaryotes when grown in an acidic environment. However, the pattern for Hla was more species specific. For alkaline stress, all three haloarchaea responded in a manner similar to well-studied archaea and bacteria showing the haloarchaeal response was general to prokaryotes. Additionally, we performed an analysis on the changes in the transcriptomes of the three haloarchaea when shifting from one pH extreme to the other. The results showed that the transcriptomes of all three haloarchaea respond more similarly when moving from alkaline to acidic conditions compared to a shift in the opposite direction. Interestingly, our studies also showed that individual genes of multiple paralogous gene families (tbp,tfb,orc/cdc6, etc.) found in the haloarchaea were regulated under specific stresses thereby providing evidence that they modulate the response to various environmental stresses. The studies described here are the first to catalog the changes in the haloarchaeal transcriptomes under growth in extreme pH and help us understand how life is able to thrive under all conditions present on Earth and, if present, on extraterrestrial bodies as well.