bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasmid replication initiator interactions with origin 13-mers and polymerase subunits contribute to strand-specific replisome assembly
Authors: Wawrzycka Aleksandra , Gross Marta , Wasaznik Anna , Konieczny Igor 
Published: July 2015

SignificanceResearch on DNA replication initiation has not revealed the exact mechanism for replication complex de novo assembly at the origin or how the directionality of replication is determined. To date, no evidence for direct involvement of a replication initiation protein (Rep) in the process of polymerase recruitment has been reported. This work demonstrates that a plasmid Rep, in addition to its already described functions in origin opening and helicase recruitment, can serve as a DNA polymerase anchoring factor. Through its interaction with 13-mer sequences on one strand of initially unwound DNA and interactions with the subunits of DNA polymerase, the initiation protein facilitates strand-specific replisome assembly at the replication origin. This step determines the direction of DNA replication.
Burst pacemaker activity of the sinoatrial node in sodium–calcium exchanger knockout mice
Authors: Torrente Angelo G. , Zhang Rui , Zaini Audrey , Giani Jorge F. , Kang Jeanney , Lamp Scott T. , Philipson Kenneth D. , Goldhaber Joshua I. 
Published: July 2015

Significance
The sinoatrial node (SAN) generates cardiac pacemaker activity through the interplay of membrane ionic currents and intracellular calcium cycling. SAN dysfunction is a common disorder that usually requires implantation of costly electronic pacemakers. To study the role of intracellular calcium regulation by the sodium/calcium exchanger (NCX) in SAN pacing, we generated an atrial-specific NCX knockout mouse. The SAN beating pattern in these mice is abnormal, with bursts of activity interrupted by frequent pauses reminiscent of clinical SAN disease. We found that cellular calcium accumulation was responsible for this abnormal beating pattern, underscoring the importance of NCX-mediated calcium efflux to normal pacing. We propose that burst firing is a common feature of SAN dysfunction caused by elevated cytoplasmic calcium.
Quantification and real-time tracking of RNA in live cells using Sticky-flares
Authors: Briley William E. , Bondy Madison H. , Randeria Pratik S. , Dupper Torin J. , Mirkin Chad A. 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Proper function of RNA is critical to the health and maintenance of a cell, and its misregulation plays a critical role in the development of many disorders. To date, the ability to study RNA has been severely limited; many analytical techniques focus only on quantifying expression levels of transcripts and are not capable of reporting on intracellular localization, which has emerged as a critical component of RNA function. Similarly, techniques capable of probing RNA localization only offer snapshots in fixed cells. Herein we introduce a novel nanoconjugate, termed the Sticky-flare, capable of reporting on both of these critical components in live cells, thereby gaining a more complete picture or RNA function than any analytical technique to date.
A genetic basis of variation in eccrine sweat gland and hair follicle density
Authors: Kamberov Yana G. , Karlsson Elinor K. , Kamberova Gerda L. , Lieberman Daniel E. , Sabeti Pardis C. , Morgan Bruce A. , Tabin Clifford J. 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Humans have the highest density of eccrine sweat glands of any mammal. Alongside hair follicles, eccrine glands are found throughout human skin and are indispensible for thermoregulation. Despite their importance, little is known about the biological factors that control eccrine gland formation and density. We investigated the genetic basis for the regulation of eccrine gland density in mice and find that eccrine gland and hair follicle densities are inversely regulated by the transcription factor En1. This work uncovers a previously unidentified biological factor that specifically promotes the development of eccrine glands when these organs are interspersed with hair follicles, and has the potential to inform efforts to elucidate the genetic basis for the evolution of increased eccrine gland density in humans.
Hole hopping through tyrosine/tryptophan chains protects proteins from oxidative damage
Authors: Gray Harry B. , Winkler Jay R. 
Published: July 2015

Significance
Proteins and enzymes are susceptible to oxidative damage and inactivation from reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formed as a consequence of oxidative stress. They also are at risk from oxidizing intermediates formed during enzymatic turnover. A survey of the protein structural database has revealed that one third of structurally characterized proteins contain chains of redox-active tyrosine and tryptophan residues. These chains can protect proteins from damage by transferring oxidizing equivalents away from critical active site regions and delivering them to surface sites for scavenging.
Ketamine Affects In Vitro Differentiation of Monocyte into Immature Dendritic Cells
Authors: Laudanski Krzysztof , Qing Meng , Oszkiel Hanna , Zawadka Mateusz , Lapko Natalia , Nowak Zbigniew , Worthen George S. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAbstract
At 10 μg/ml and higher concentrations, ketamine diminished expression of CD1a on interleukin-4 granulocyte–monocyte colony-stimulating factor–stimulated monocytes and retarded both their ability to process DQ ovalbumin and mixed lymphocyte reaction stimulation. The phagocytic abilities of interleukin-4 granulocyte–monocyte colony-stimulating factor–differentiated monocytes were not changed by ketamine.

Background:
Monocytes (MOs) have the unique ability to differentiate into immature dendritic cells (iDCs) (MO→iDC) under the influence of interleukin-4 and granulocyte–monocyte colony-stimulating factor (IL-4&GM-CSF). In this study, the authors investigated the influence of ketamine on the process of MO→iDC.

Methods:
iDCs were cultured from MO obtained from 36 subjects in the presence of IL-4 and GM-CSF and ketamine at 100, 10, and 1 μg/ml for 5 days. In some of the experiments, the authors used nonspecific N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801, NMDA, or a neutralizing antibody for transforming growth factor β (TGFβ). The expression of surface markers and functional assays were used to assess the effect of ketamine on IL-4&GM-CSF-stimulated MO. IL-4&GM-CSF-stimulated MO’s supernatants were assessed for cytokine levels.

Results:
Ketamine at 10 μg/ml, and higher concentrations, diminished the expression of CD1a on IL-4&GM-CSF-stimulated MO and retarded both their ability to process DQ ovalbumin and mixed lymphocyte reaction stimulation. The addition of ketamine to IL-4&GM-CSF-differentiated MO resulted in the persistent expression of CD14 and unchanged expression of CD86 and CD206. The phagocytic abilities of IL-4&GM-CSF-differentiated MO were not changed by ketamine. MK-801, a nonselective NMDA agonist, mimicked ketamine’s effect on MO→iDC differentiation. Adding exogenous NMDA to IL-4&GM-CSF-stimulated MO in the presence of ketamine partially restored the level of CD1a+. TGFβ was elevated in supernatants of IL-4&GM-CSF-stimulated MO in the presence of ketamine. Adding neutralizing TGFβ antibody or TGFβR1 blocker (SB431542) resulted in the full recovery of MO→iDC, despite the presence of ketamine.

Conclusions:
Ketamine diminishes the process of MO→iDC in vitro. This is mediated via NMDA-dependent mechanisms and TGFβ.
Effectiveness of Enteral Versus Oral Nutrition With a Medium‐Chain Triglyceride Formula to Prevent Malnutrition and Growth Impairment in Infants With Biliary Atresia
Authors: Macías‐Rosales Rocío , Larrosa‐Haro Alfredo , Ortíz‐Gabriel Genaro , Trujillo‐Hernández Benjamín 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of oral (PO) versus enteral nutrition (EN) medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) containing–formula to prevent malnutrition and growth impairment in infants with biliary atresia (BA) waiting for a liver transplant.Methods:A total of 15 infants, 3 to 9 months old with BA were included. They were randomly assigned to either PO or EN. For 12 weeks, both groups received an MCT formula fortified with glucose polymers and corn oil to reach a caloric density between 0.8 and 1 kcal/mL. The formula given to the PO group was administered ad libitum and that given via EN was infused through a nasogastric tube to reach 140% of the energy intake recommended by the Dietary Recommended Intake guidelines. Protein intake was adjusted to 4 to 5 g/kg present weight. Outcome variables were growth and nutritional status evaluated periodically by anthropometric indicators. Biochemical and hematological variables were evaluated through the study.Results:Baseline clinical, nutritional, biochemical, and hematological variables showed no differences between the study groups. Baseline length/age was <−2 SD in 10 of the 15 patients; in the PO group, it fell <−3 SD, whereas in the EN group, it remained stable. Head circumference z score dropped 0.6 SD in the PO group, whereas in the EN group it remained stable. Triceps skinfold values improved in the infants taking EN, P < 0.001. The frequency of adverse effects—respiratory infection and diarrhea—was higher in the EN group. No biochemical or hematological differences were observed between the study groups throughout the study.Conclusions:A 12‐week EN trial with an MCT‐fortified formula prevented malnutrition and growth impairment in infants with BA waiting for a liver transplant.
Small Bowel Bacterial Overgrowth in Children
Authors: Sieczkowska Agnieszka , Landowski Piotr , Kamińska Barbara , Lifschitz Carlos 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of study was to perform a comprehensive review of the pathogenesis, available diagnostic procedures, prevalence, clinical manifestations, and consequences of small bowel bacterial overgrowth (SBBO) as well as treatment options in the pediatric population.Methods:A literature search including MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science databases was performed.Results:SBBO is found in a variety of childhood conditions in which the normal homeostatic mechanisms restricting bacterial colonization in the small bowel are disturbed by congenital or acquired anatomical abnormalities, diminished gastric acid secretion, congenital alteration of intestinal motility or acquired small bowel diseases, or other chronic disorders including primary or acquired immunodeficiency. Data show that SBBO may be an underrecognized cause of pediatric morbidity. Although several diagnostic tests for SBBO determination are available, each has its drawbacks and limitations. Indeed, there is still no “criterion standard” for SBBO diagnosis in the pediatric population. Owing to lack of established guidelines and few published interventional studies that assess the effectiveness of SBBO therapy, treatment of children with SBBO remains empiric and comprises antibiotic or probiotic therapy.Conclusions:Further research is needed to determine the clinical impact of SBBO and to establish diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines applicable to children.
Unearthing the microbial ecology of soil carbon cycling with DNA-SIP
Authors: Pepe-Ranney Charles , Campbell Ashley N , Koechli Chantal , Berthrong Sean , Buckley Daniel H 
Published: July 2015

Introductory ParagraphWe explored the microbial contributions to decomposition using a sophisticated approach to DNA Stable Isotope Probing (SIP). Our experiment evaluated the dynamics and ecological characteristics of functionally defined microbial groups that metabolize labile and structural C in soils. We added to soil a complex amendment representing plant derived organic matter substituted with either13C-xylose or13C-cellulose to represent labile and structural C pools derived from abundant components of plant biomass. We found evidence for13C-incorporation into DNA from13C-xylose and13C-cellulose in 49 and 63 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), respectively. The types of microorganisms that assimilated13C in the13C-xylose treatment changed over time being predominantlyFirmicutesat day 1 followed byBacteroidetesat day 3 and thenActinobacteriaat day 7. These13C-labeling dynamics suggest labile C traveled through different trophic levels. In contrast, microorganisms generally metabolized cellulose-C after 14 days and did not change to the same extent in phylogenetic composition over time. Microorganisms that metabolized cellulose-C belonged to poorly characterized but cosmopolitan soil lineages includingVerrucomicrobia,ChloroflexiandPlanctomycetes.We show that microbial life history traits are likely to constrain the diversity of microorganisms that participate in the soil C-cycle.
Genetic loci with parent of origin effects cause hybrid seed lethality betweenMimulusspecies
Authors: Garner Austin G. , Kenney Amanda M. , Fishman Lila , Sweigart Andrea L. 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTThe classic finding in both flowering plants and mammals that hybrid lethality often depends on parent of origin effects suggests that divergence in the underlying loci might be an important source of hybrid incompatibilities between species. In flowering plants, there is now good evidence from diverse taxa that seed lethality arising from interploidy crosses is often caused by endosperm defects associated with deregulated imprinted genes. A similar seed lethality phenotype occurs in many crosses between closely related diploid species, but the genetic basis of this form of early-acting F1postzygotic reproductive isolation is largely unknown. Here, we show that F1hybrid seed lethality is an exceptionally strong isolating barrier between two closely relatedMimulusspecies,M. guttatusandM. tilingii, with reciprocal crosses producing less than 1% viable seeds. Using a powerful crossing design and high-resolution genetic mapping, we identify both maternally- and paternally-derived loci that contribute to hybrid seed incompatibility. Strikingly, these two sets of loci are largely non-overlapping, providing strong evidence that genes with parent of origin effects are the primary driver of F1hybrid seed lethality betweenM. guttatusandM. tilingii. We find a highly polygenic basis for both parental components of hybrid seed lethality suggesting that multiple incompatibility loci have accumulated to cause strong postzygotic isolation between these closely related species. Our genetic mapping experiment also reveals hybrid transmission ratio distortion and chromosomal differentiation, two additional correlates of functional and genomic divergence between species.
Early modern human dispersal from Africa: genomic evidence for multiple waves of migration
Authors: Tassi Francesca , Ghirotto Silvia , Mezzavilla Massimo , Vilaça Sibelle Torres , Santi Lisa De , Barbujani Guido 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundAnthropological and genetic data agree in indicating the African continent as the main place of origin for modern human. However, it is unclear whether early modern humans left Africa through a single, major process, dispersing simultaneously over Asia and Europe, or in two main waves, first through the Arab peninsula into Southern Asia and Oceania, and later through a Northern route crossing the Levant.ResultsHere we show that accurate genomic estimates of the divergence times between European and African populations are more recent than those between Australo-Melanesia and Africa, and incompatible with the effects of a single dispersal. This difference cannot possibly be accounted for by the effects of hybridization with archaic human forms in Australo-Melanesia. Furthermore, in several populations of Asia we found evidence for relatively recent genetic admixture events, which could have obscured the signatures of the earliest processes.ConclusionsWe conclude that the hypothesis of a single major human dispersal from Africa appears hardly compatible with the observed historical and geographical patterns of genome diversity, and that Australo-Melanesian populations seem still to retain a genomic signature of a more ancient divergence from Africa
HRM and temporary workers’ well-being: a study in Portugal and Brazil
Authors: Chambel Maria José , Farina Anete 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– Temporary agency workers (TAWs) are regarded as experiencing employment conditions that tend to facilitate high strain. In this study, the authors view this situation as not being inevitable and dependent on the opportunity of having positive experiences in the professional context. The purpose of this paper is to propose that perceptions of the human resource management (HRM) practices system are positively related to work engagement, which in turn, is positively related to context free well-being.Design/methodology/approach– These hypotheses were tested with two samples of TAWs, from Portugal (n=241) and Brazil (n=228), contracted by the same international agency. Data were analyzed with multiple group analyses.Findings– Results confirmed that in both the Portuguese and Brazilian samples the HRM practices system is positively related to TAWs’ context free well-being and their work engagement mediates this relationship. However, the authors also verified that the relationship between work engagement and satisfaction with life was stronger for the Portuguese TAWs than for their Brazilian counterparts.Research limitations/implications– The study is limited, due to the nature of the data (self-reported) and the lack of a longitudinal design.Practical implications– An important implication of this research study is that agencies should acknowledge the fact that HRM practices are an investment with a return from TAWs, since they are positively related to their well-being.Originality/value– The findings highlight the importance of the HRM practices system in developing positive psychological states with TAWs, not only at work, but also outside this context. This observation was confirmed in two different countries.
Team performance in cross cultural project teams
Authors: Mach Merce , Baruch Yehuda 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to test the conditional effect of team composition on team performance; specifically, how collective team orientation, group consensus, faultline configurations and trust among team members explain the objective performance of project teams in cross-cultural contexts.Design/methodology/approach– Employing path analytical framework and bootstrap methods, the authors analyze data from a sample of 73 cross cultural project teams. Relying on ordinary least-squares regression, the authors estimate the direct and indirect effects of the moderated mediation model.Findings– The findings demonstrate that the indirect effect of collective team orientation on performance through team trust is moderated by team member consensus, diversity heterogeneity and faultlines’ strength. By contrast, high dispersion among members, heterogeneous team configurations and strong team faultlines lead to low levels of trust and team performance.Research limitations/implications– The specific context of the study (cross-cultural students’ work projects) may influence external validity and limit the generalization of the findings as well as the different compositions of countries-of-origin.Practical implications– From a practical standpoint, these results may help practitioners understand how the emergence of trust contributes to performance. It will also help them comprehend the importance of managing teams while bearing in mind the cross-cultural contexts in which they operate.Social implications– In order to foster team consensus and overcome the effects of group members’ cross-cultural dissimilarities as well as team faultlines, organizations should invest in improving members’ dedication, cooperation and trust before looking to achieve significant results, specially in heterogeneous teams and cross-cultural contexts.Originality/value– The study advances organizational group research by showing the combined effect of team configurations and collective team orientation to overall team performance and by exploring significant constructs such as team consensus, team trust and diversity faultline strength to examine their possible moderated mediation role in the process.
Evaluating Polish digital libraries from the perspective of non-academic users
Authors: Górny Miroslaw , Catlow John , Mazurek Jolanta 
Published: July 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe and evaluate the role played by digital libraries in Polish society, particularly in relation to users who are not in education or professionally engaged in academic work.

Design/methodology/approach
– Results are presented from a survey of non-academic users, identified as one of the key groups of digital library users in an exploratory survey in 2008-2009. The targeted survey was carried out by sending e-mails to persons who had supplied their addresses in the first survey or had set up accounts with the Digital Library of Wielkopolska. Analysis was also made of e-mail correspondence between digital library users and librarians, and data from digital library server logs, during 2008-2013.

Findings
– The research provided three interesting results. The first is that the creation of digital libraries in Poland has caused a significant number of people to pursue an interest in genealogical or local historical research. The second result is that the evaluations of digital libraries made by non-academics do not differ significantly from those made by students and academics. The third is the fact that at present, approximately 50 per cent of digital library users in the non-academic category are over 50 years of age.

Originality/value
– This is the first comprehensive study on the use of digital libraries in Poland by non-academic users. It shows what role digital libraries play, and to what extent, in the stimulation of cultural activity in Polish society.
Towards an understanding of job satisfaction as it correlates with organizational change among personnel in computer-based special libraries in Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Adigwe Ifeanyi , Oriola Josephus 
Published: July 2015

Purpose– This paper aims to understand job satisfaction as correlate with organizational change among personnel in computerized-based special libraries in Southwest, Nigeria.Design/methodology/approach– The study used a survey approach in collecting data. The population of the study comprised all intermediate and senior personnel of the special libraries in Southwest, Nigeria involved in the study on grade levels 06 to 17. Based on the 180 response sample drawn, 148 responses were received from the survey.Findings– The degree and level of satisfaction derived from one’s job issine qua nonto the level of productivity obtained in due cause. Job satisfaction varies from individual to individual and from place to place. Although, organizational change is the basis for spontaneous increase of job dissatisfaction. Findings of the study revealed that organizational change is seen as a precursor to influencing job satisfaction of employees but the level of job satisfaction of employees depend on the impact of organizational change.Research limitations/implications– It should be noted that a number of limitations exist relative to this research, the review of which should both place the research findings discussed, in an appropriate context and thereby suggest direction for future research. This study focused on employees attitudes in special libraries in six states of the federation at one time. Considering the fact that a very wide and varying cultural environmental differences which without doubt affected personnel dispositions in many different ways.Originality/value– This paper differs from the previous literature in presenting statistical evidence to confirm the relationships between job satisfaction and organizational change and a range of potential outcomes.