bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wideband bandpass filter with a broad stopband based on a triple‐mode stub‐loaded resonator
Authors: Wei Feng , Guo Y. Jay , Qin Pei‐Yuan , Shi Xiao Wei 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTA compact wideband bandpass filter (BPF) with a broad stopband (4.1 f0) based on a triple‐mode stub‐loaded resonator (SLR) is presented in this article. Using even/odd mode analysis, the proposed SLR is found to have the ability to introduce three transmission poles in the passband. By appropriately adjusting the frequencies of these transmission poles and using a 0° tapped feed structure, the BPF can provide a wide passband and a sharp rejection over a broad stopband without using other lowpass or bandstop networks. The predicted results on S‐parameters are compared with measured ones and good agreement is achieved. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2878–2881, 2014
A tri‐band bandpass filter using stub‐loaded SIRS with controllable bandwidths
Authors: Cho Young‐Ho , Yun Sang‐Won 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn this article, we present a tri‐band bandpass filter (BPF) based on a stub‐loaded stepped‐impedance resonator (SIR). The proposed resonator has the compact size based on a short‐circuited SIR as well as the controllability of three resonant frequencies by adjusting impedance ratios. Bandwidths for the first and second passbands can be independently controlled using two coupling paths between resonators, while the third bandwidth can be designed by adjusting dimensions of an open‐stub loaded to the resonator. Two‐pole tri‐band BPF is designed and tested at center frequencies of 1.575, 2.4, and 3.5 GHz with fractional bandwidths of 10%, 6%, and 4%, respectively. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2907–2910, 2014
High CM suppression wideband balanced microstrip BPF using dual‐mode resonator
Authors: Deng Hong‐Wei , Zhao Yong‐Jiu , He Ying , Liu Hao , Wang Hong‐Li 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn this letter, a novel high selectivity and common‐mode (CM) suppression wideband balanced microstrip passband filter (BPF) is proposed using the short stub centrally loaded short‐ended resonators (SSCLSR). The odd‐mode resonant frequency of the SSCLSR can be flexibly controlled by the short stub, whereas the even‐mode one is fixed. First, the wideband single‐ended BPF are designed based on the microstrip SSCLSR with the parallel coupled microstrip line input/output (I/O). Two transmission zeros near the passband edges can be generated due to the main path signal counteraction and source‐loaded coupling. Further, the CM equivalent half circuits of the balanced BPF based on the wideband single‐ended BPF are investigated in detail. Thus, a wideband balanced BPF with high CM suppression within the passband is designed, fabricated, and measured. Good agreement between simulated and measured results is obtained. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2940–2944, 2014
Dual‐band matching of arbitrary loads
Authors: Lehtovuori Anu , Valkonen Risto , Valtonen Martti 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis article presents a systematic approach for dual‐band impedance matching of an arbitrary load using two matching circuits designed separately for the desired passbands as the basis. Exact transform equations for converting the obtained single‐band matching circuits into a dual‐band matching circuit can be applied to any kind of load impedance with arbitrary frequency‐dependency. The matching and impedance levels can be chosen individually for both passbands. The examples on the dual‐band matching of coupling‐element antennas demonstrate that also wide bandwidths can be achieved. The presented equations facilitate designing multiband matching circuits and are feasible also for solving double matching problems. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2958–2966, 2014
Temperature influence of matching liquid in a microwave tomography platform system
Authors: Kim J. Y. , Lee K. J. , Son S. H. , Jeon S. I. , Kim N. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe temperature influence of the matching liquid used in the microwave tomography platform system working from 3 to 6 GHz was analyzed on the article. The temperature impact of the matching liquid was found using the measured signal data. If the temperature of the matching liquid is maintained ideally, the measured signal data are obtained the stable data. But, the acquired signal data are obtained the unstable data because the temperature of matching liquid can not be maintained naturally. To obtain the stable data, the temperature control devices are required to maintain the temperature of matching liquid. Furthermore, the temperature variation of the matching liquid in the platform system is the important factor aimed for breast cancer detection. How much impact happened by the temperature variation was studied to overcome the temperature influence of the matching liquid. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2978–2981, 2014
High selectivity and CM suppression wideband balanced BPF
Authors: Deng Hong‐Wei , Zhao Yong‐Jiu , He Ying , Liu Hao , Wang Hong‐Li 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTIn this letter, a novel wideband balanced bandpass filter (BPF) with high selectivity and common‐mode (CM) suppression is constructed with slotline resonator. When the intersection points of the microstrip feedline and slotline resonator are close to the midpoint of the slotline resonator, the coupling between the second mode and microstrip feedline can be suppressed. Making use of this feature, the wideband single‐ended filter with wide upper‐stopband performance is designed using the slotline resonators and two quarter‐wavelength microstrip resonators paralleled to the slotline resonator with tapped‐line coupling at their short‐circuited ends. Further, high‐selectivity fifth‐order wideband single‐ended filter and corresponding balanced BPF are designed with parallel coupling structures between two slotline resonators. The fifth‐order wideband balanced filter is designed and fabricated, and good agreement between measurements and simulations is obtained. The measured CM suppressions are better than 54 dB within the whole differential‐mode passband. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2998–3003, 2014
Array of spatial power combination for wide angle sector coverage
Authors: Chang Le , Zhang Zhijun , Li Yue , Feng Zhenghe 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the feasibility of using spatial power combination in small‐scale array applications that require sector coverage. A patch antenna array is used to verify the concept. The simulated result of the proposed array shows that the −6 dB angle coverage is 132° from 24° to 156° in elevation plane and the −10 dB return loss bandwidth is 4.6%. The optimized measured result indicates that the −6 dB angle coverage is 134° from 20° to 154° in elevation plane. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2990–2993, 2014
Characteristics of optical glass plate refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Tang Cien‐Jen , Lin Chen‐Hung , Hsiao Li‐Jen , Chen Wei‐Tsung , Jaing Cheng‐Chung , Lin Hoang Yan 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis work presents a novel refractive index sensor structure based on surface plasmon resonance, consisting of planar glass plates coated with multilayer thin film. The glass plate guides the light, the multilayer metallic thin film excites the surface plasmon wave, and the dielectric film is used to fine tune the resonance wavelength. The resolution and spectrum variation and the wavelength shift, for aqueous solutions of salt of various concentrations, are measured. The sensor resolution and sensitivity is obtained. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:3009–3012, 2014
Bandpass filter with stepped impedance subharmonic stubs
Authors: Malherbe J. A. G. , Mphiwe Christina 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTStructures with shunt stubs in a subharmonic ratio that realize bandpass performance have limited application due to the inherent problem of fixed transmission zero positions in the stopband. By application of the principle of splitting, the subharmonic stubs into cascades of transmission line sections, structures can be realized that have transmission zeros at arbitrary positions. A bandpass filter employing stepped impedance stubs is developed, and it is shown that moderate bandwidth can be achieved. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:3012–3015, 2014
Design of a 77‐GHz radar frontend module
Authors: Park Sangwook , Kwon Manseok , Kam Dong Gun 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTThis article describes a method to design an automotive radar frontend module that deals with the routing of 77‐GHz signals on a low‐cost printed circuit board including wire‐bond and rectangular waveguide‐to‐microstrip transitions. The operation of the developed modules was successful in the first attempt, showing good model‐to‐hardware correlation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:3015–3020, 2014
Evaluation of segmented 3D acquisition schemes for whole‐brain high‐resolution arterial spin labeling at 3 T
Authors: Vidorreta Marta , Balteau Evelyne , Wang Ze , De Vita Enrico , Pastor María A. , Thomas David L. , Detre John A. , Fernández‐Seara María A. 
Published: September 2014

Recent technical developments have significantly increased the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of arterial spin labeled (ASL) perfusion MRI. Despite this, typical ASL acquisitions still employ large voxel sizes. The purpose of this work was to implement and evaluate two ASL sequences optimized for whole‐brain high‐resolution perfusion imaging, combining pseudo‐continuous ASL (pCASL), background suppression (BS) and 3D segmented readouts, with different in‐plane k‐space trajectories.Identical labeling and BS pulses were implemented for both sequences. Two segmented 3D readout schemes with different in‐plane trajectories were compared: Cartesian (3D GRASE) and spiral (3D RARE Stack‐Of‐Spirals). High‐resolution perfusion images (2 × 2 × 4 mm3) were acquired in 15 young healthy volunteers with the two ASL sequences at 3 T. The quality of the perfusion maps was evaluated in terms of SNR and gray‐to‐white matter contrast. Point‐spread‐function simulations were carried out to assess the impact of readout differences on the effective resolution.The combination of pCASL, in‐plane segmented 3D readouts and BS provided high‐SNR high‐resolution ASL perfusion images of the whole brain. Although both sequences produced excellent image quality, the 3D RARE Stack‐Of‐Spirals readout yielded higher temporal and spatial SNR than 3D GRASE (spatial SNR = 8.5 ± 2.8 and 3.7 ± 1.4; temporal SNR = 27.4 ± 12.5 and 15.6 ± 7.6, respectively) and decreased through‐plane blurring due to its inherent oversampling of the central k‐space region, its reduced effective TE and shorter total readout time, at the expense of a slight increase in the effective in‐plane voxel size. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of AB3‐type miktoarm star polymers with steroid core via a combination of “Click” chemistry and ring opening polymerization techniques
Authors: Doganci Erdinc , Gorur Mesut , Uyanik Cavit , Yilmaz Faruk 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTWell‐defined AB3‐type miktoarm star‐shaped polymers with cholic acid (CA) core were fabricated with a combination of “click” chemistry and ring opening polymerization (ROP) methods. Firstly, azide end‐functional poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) polymers were prepared via controlled polymerization and chemical modification methods. Then, CA moieties containing three OH groups were introduced to these polymers as the end groups via Cu(I)‐catalyzed click reaction between azide end‐functional groups of the polymers (mPEG‐N3, PMMA‐N3, PS‐N3, and PCL‐N3) and ethynyl‐functional CA under ambient conditions, yielding CA end‐functional polymers (mPEG‐Cholic, PMMA‐Cholic, PS‐Cholic, and PCL‐Cholic). Finally, the obtained CA end‐capped polymers were employed as the macroinitiators in the ROP of ε‐caprolactone (ε‐CL) yielding AB3‐type miktoarm star polymers (mPEG‐Cholic‐PCL3, PMMA‐Cholic‐PCL3, and PS‐Cholic‐PCL3) and asymmetric star polymer [Cholic‐(PCL)4]. The chemical structures of the obtained intermediates and polymers were confirmed via Fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. Thermal decomposition behaviors and phase transitions were studied in detail using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry experiments. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2014, 52, 3390–3399
Effect of specific plant‐growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on growth and uptake of neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam in corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings
Authors: Myresiotis Charalampos K , Vryzas Zisis , Papadopoulou‐Mourkidou Euphemia 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDCorn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world and is used for food, feed and energy. Inoculation with plant‐growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) would reduce the use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides and could be suggested as an alternative practice for sustainable production of corn in modern agricultural systems. In this study, the effect of two Bacillus PGPR formulated products, Companion® (B. subtilis GB03) and FZB24® (B. subtilis FZB24), on corn growth and root uptake of insecticide thiamethoxam was investigated.RESULTSAll bacterial treatments enhanced root biomass production by 38–65% compared with the uninoculated control, with no stimulatory effect of PGPR on above‐ground biomass of corn. The uptake results revealed that, in plants inoculated with the PGPR B. subtilis FZB24 and B. subtilis GB03, singly or in combination, the uptake and/or systemic translocation of thiamethoxam in the above‐ground corn parts was significantly higher at the different growth ages compared with the control receiving no bacterial treatment.CONCLUSIONThe findings suggest that the PGPR‐elicited enhanced uptake of thiamethoxam could lead to improved efficiency of thiamethoxam using reduced rates of pesticides in combination with PGPR as an alternative crop protection technique. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
A design approach for tunnels exposed to blast and fire
Authors: Colombo Matteo , Martinelli Paolo , di Prisco Marco 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA design procedure based on a simplified FE model for underground tunnels subjected to internal explosion and possibly preceded by fire accidents is proposed in this article. The procedure can provide a valuable tool for designers who have to check the structural safety of a tunnel for the case of an internal blast event. The tunnel geometry considered is the same adopted for the metro line in Brescia, Italy. It has an internal diameter of about 8.15 m, is about 13.7 km long and is located about 23.1 m below the surface. Six segments and a smaller key segment (6+1) make up the tunnel. The ring has an average width of about 1.5 m. The FE model is first tested under static serviceability loads. Dynamic analyses are carried out in order to reproduce the blast scenario. The aim of this work is to generate pressure–impulse (p‐i) diagrams for underground tunnels for the case of internal explosion and pre‐explosion fire actions. An ultimate limit state criterion based on the eccentric ultimate flexural capacity and capable of including fire–blast interaction is introduced. An innovative layered precast tunnel segment solution made of different fibre‐reinforced cementitious composites is compared with a traditional solution with the lining section made of reinforced concrete. The potential applications of this new solution are also discussed in the paper.
Rheological Properties of Quaternary Ammonium Gemini Surfactants in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Lin Meiqin , Hua Zhao , Ding Bo , Li Mingyuan 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe rheological properties and time effect of a quaternary ammonium salt gemini surfactant Cn‐s‐Cn•2Br solution were measured. The rheological properties were markedly different at various concentrations of the surfactant C12‐2‐C12•2Br solutions. When the alkyl chain of Cn‐2‐Cn•2Br solution is 14 or 16, the rheological properties of the solution exhibit fluid dilatancy very similar to C12‐2‐C12•2Br solutions. However, when the length of the spacer is four or six, C12‐s‐C12•2Br solutions exhibit Newtonian fluid behavior and are quite different from the C12‐2‐C12•2Br solution. A C12‐2‐C12•2Br solution at a high concentration shows negative thixotropy and time dependency.
Some ideas on the emerging future of developmental research
Authors: Kloep Marion , Hendry Leo B. 
Published: September 2014

ABSTRACTWe are somewhat critical of the concept of emerging adulthood as a new developmental stage in modern industrial societies, and prefer the idea of systemic mechanisms and processes as the forces and factors that influence the transitions and transformations of human change across the life course. For this reason, we are pleased to see this volume is entirely dedicated to the life‐phase of emerging adulthood in Mediterranean countries, suggesting that researchers are not convinced that the characteristics of emerging adulthood would be the same for young people from different cultures. While we are very positive towards this series of articles showing that emerging adulthood in Mediterranean countries has similarities, and, yet differences to other cultures, and appreciate the diverse findings of these research projects, we would want to suggest some new and more radical strategies for future developmental research. Concretely, a move away from age‐bound, stage models towards a more dynamic and systemic approach to lifespan research, simply because we cannot ignore both the past and the future, whilst contemplating the present.
On the interaction of a planar shock with a light polygonal interface
Authors: Zhai Zhigang , Wang Minghu , Si Ting , Luo Xisheng 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe interaction of a planar shock wave with a polygonal $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}{\mathrm{N}}_2$ volume surrounded by ${\mathrm{SF}}_6$ is investigated experimentally and numerically. Three polygonal interfaces (square, triangle and diamond) are formed by the soap film technique developed in our previous work, in which thin pins are introduced as angular vertexes to connect adjacent sides of polygonal soap films. The evolutions of the shock-accelerated polygonal interfaces are then visualized by a high-speed schlieren system. Wave systems and interface structures can be clearly identified in experimental schlieren images, and agree well with the numerical ones. Quantitatively, the movement of the distorted interface, and the length and height of the interface structures are further compared and good agreements are achieved between experimental and numerical results. It is found that the evolution of these polygonal interfaces is closely related to their initial shapes. In the square interface, two vortices are generated shortly after the shock impact around the left corner and dominate the flow field at late stages. In the triangular and diamond cases, the most remarkable feature is the small ‘${\mathrm{SF}}_6$ jet’ which grows constantly with time and penetrates the downstream boundary of the interface, forming two independent vortices. These distinct morphologies of the three polygonal interfaces also lead to the different behaviours of the interface features including the length and height. It is also found that the velocities of the vortex pair predicted from the theory of Rudinger and Somers (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 7, 1960, pp. 161–176) agree with the experimental ones, especially for the square case. Typical free precursor irregular refraction phenomena and the transitions among them are observed and analysed, which gives direct experimental evidence for wave patterns and their transitions at a slow/fast interface. The velocities of triple points and shocks are experimentally measured. It is found that the transmitted shock near the interface boundary has weakened into an evanescent wave.
Evaluation of the owner's perception in the use of homemade diets for the nutritional management of dogs
Authors: Oliveira Michele C. C. , Brunetto Márcio A. , da Silva Flávio L. , Jeremias Juliana T. , Tortola Letícia , Gomes Marcia O. S. , Carciofi Aulus C. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractMany dog owners see homemade diets as a way of increasing the bond with their pets, even though they may not have the convenience of commercial diets. Modifications of ingredients, quality and proportion might change the nutritional composition of the diet, generating nutritional imbalances. The present study evaluated how dog owners use and adhere to homemade diets prescribed by veterinary nutritionists over an extended period of time. Forty-six owners of dogs fed a homemade diet for at least 6 months were selected for the present study. Owners were invited to answer questions by first reading all possible answers and then selecting the one that best indicated their opinion. The results were evaluated through descriptive statistics. Thirty-five owners (76·1 %) found that the diets are easy to prepare. Fourteen owners (30·4 %) admitted to modifying the diets, 40 % did not adequately control the amount of provided ingredients, 73·9 % did not use the recommended amounts of soyabean oil and salt, and 34·8 % did not correctly use the vitamin, mineral or amino acid supplements. Twenty-six owners (56·5 %) reported that their dogs refused to eat at least one food item. All of these alterations make the nutritional composition of the diets unpredictable and likely nutritionally imbalanced. Although homemade diets could be a useful tool for the nutritional management of dogs with certain diseases, not all owners are able to appropriately use this type of diet and adhere to it for an extended period of time and this limitation needs to be considered when recommending the use of homemade diets.
Polarity mechanisms such as contact inhibition of locomotion regulate persistent rotational motion of mammalian cells on micropatterns
Authors: Camley Brian A. , Zhang Yunsong , Zhao Yanxiang , Li Bo , Ben-Jacob Eshel , Levine Herbert , Rappel Wouter-Jan 
Published: September 2014

Significance
During the growth of an embryo or the spreading of a tumor, cells may travel collectively. We study a computational model of a simple example of collective migration: two cells confined to a square adhesive pattern. In this confinement, some cell types rotate, whereas others do not. We model these crawling cells, the forces between them, and several possible ways that the cells could choose what direction they will crawl—their “polarity mechanism.” We show that the cell polarity mechanism can control whether the pairs of cells rotate or remain fixed. This suggests that we can learn about how large groups of cells choose their direction by studying the rotation of pairs.