bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of orally administered ruxolitinib (INCB018424 phosphate) in renal and hepatic impairment patients
Authors: Chen Xuejun , Shi Jack G. , Emm Thomas , Scherle Peggy A. , McGee Ryan F. , Lo Yvonne , Landman Robert R. , Punwani Naresh G. , Williams William V. , Yeleswaram Swamy 
Published: October 2013

AbstractHepatic and renal impairment studies were conducted with ruxolitinib, a JAK1&2 inhibitor that is cleared predominantly by metabolism. Both studies were open label, single‐dose studies. Ruxolitinib area under the curve (AUC) was increased by 87%, 28%, and 65%, respectively, in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe hepatic impairment compared to healthy subjects with no correlation between exposure of ruxolitinib and the degree of hepatic impairment. The pharmacodynamics (PD) data were consistent with ruxolitinib pharmacokinetics (PK). The renal impairment study showed a surprising finding. While there was no change in ruxolitinib PK with varying degrees of renal impairment, the PD showed increasing pharmacological activity with increased severity of renal impairment. Analysis of the metabolite exposures revealed that active metabolites contributed to the observed incremental increase in PD activity. The recovery of ruxolitinib in dialysate was negligible. The starting dose of ruxolitinib in subjects with any hepatic impairment or moderate or severe renal impairment should be decreased to 10 mg twice daily (BID) if their platelet counts are between 100 × 109/L and 150 × 109/L. Subjects on dialysis should initiate dosing with a single dose of 15 or 20 mg, based on platelet counts, with dosing only on the days of dialysis.
LOX‐1 regulates estrogenesis via intracellular calcium release from bovine granulosa cells
Authors: Weitzel J. M. , Vernunft A. , Krüger B. , Plinski C. , Viergutz T. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractEstradiol produced by ovarian granulosa cells triggers the luteinizing hormone surge which in turn initiates ovulation in female mammals. Disturbances in estradiol production from granulosa cells are a major reason for reproductive dysfunctions in dairy cows. Endogenous estradiol production might be altered by reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL). Inhibition of lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐1 (LOX‐1), a receptor of ox‐LDL, leads to increased estrogenesis in granulosa cells. This activity is mediated by calcium release from endoplasmic reticulum (ER)‐dependent and ER‐independent calcium pools. Inhibition of the LOX‐1 signal transduction pathway is followed by mitochondrial alterations. The membrane potential ΔΨ increases and the ROS production decreases in mitochondria after blocking LOX‐1. Our data indicate that blocking the LOX‐1 receptor signal pathway might be a promising way to improve steroid hormone concentrations in metabolically highly active female mammals and, therefore, to defend against reproductive dysfunctions in humans and animals. © 2013 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
BOD‐LEACH: broadcasting over duty‐cycled radio using LEACH clustering for delay/power efficient dissimilation in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Khiati Mustapha , Djenouri Djamel 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYBroadcasting delay‐sensitive information over a duty‐cycled wireless sensor network is considered, and a cluster‐based protocol is proposed. The proposed protocol, namely Broadcast over Duty‐Cycle and LEACH (BOD‐LEACH), takes advantage of the LEACH's energy‐efficient clustering. This approach shifts the total burden of energy consumption of a single cluster head by rotating the cluster‐head role among all nodes in the network. It also permits the ordinary (member) nodes in a cluster to turn off their radios whenever they enter inactive TDMA slots. However, LEACH does not consider broadcast messages, and the member nodes scheduling is established as a sequence of Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) without any common active period. A broadcast message should then be postponed to the next TDMA schedule and transmitted in a sequence of unicast messages, which is inefficient in terms of latency, bandwidth occupation, and power consumption. The proposed protocol adds new common static and dynamic broadcast periods to support and accelerate broadcasting. The dynamic periods are scheduled following the past arrivals of messages and using a Markov chain model. To our knowledge, this work is the first that proposes the use of clustering to perform simultaneous local broadcasts at several clusters. This reduces broadcast latency and ensures scalability. The protocol has been simulated, numerically analyzed, and compared with LEACH. The results show clear improvement over LEACH with regard to broadcast latency, at a low energy cost. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Authenticated key exchange protocol under computational Diffie–Hellman assumption from trapdoor test technique
Authors: Huang Hai 
Published: October 2013

SUMMARYThis paper investigates authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocol under computational Diffie–Hellman assumption in the extended Canetti–Krawczyk model. The core technical component of our protocol is the trapdoor test technique, which is originally introduced to remove the gap Diffie–Hellman (GDH) assumption for the public key encryption schemes. Our contributions are twofold.First, we clarify some misunderstandings of the usage of the trapdoor test technique in AKE protocols showing its adaptation to the AKE protocols is not trivial. We point out some errors in some recent work which attempts to make use of the trapdoor test technique to remove GDH assumption.Second, based on trapdoor test technique, we propose an efficient extended Canetti–Krawczyk secure AKE protocol under computational Diffie–Hellman assumption instead of GDH assumption. Additionally, our protocol does not make use of NAXOS trick and has a tight reduction. In comparison with all existing AKE protocols with the properties as previously mentioned, our protocol with only three exponentiations is most efficient. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceptual narrowing in the context of increased variation: Insights from bilingual infants
Authors: Byers‐Heinlein Krista , Fennell Christopher T. 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACTHuman infants become native‐language listeners through a process of perceptual narrowing. Monolingual infants are initially sensitive to a wide range of language‐relevant contrasts. However, as they mature and gain native‐language experience, their sensitivity to nonnative contrasts declines. Here, we consider the case of infants growing up bilingual as a window into how increased variation affects early perceptual development. These infants encounter different meaningful contrasts in each of their languages, and must also attend to contrasts that occur between their languages. Bilingual infants share many classic developmental patterns with monolinguals. However, they also show unique developmental patterns in the perception of native distinctions such as U‐shaped trajectories and dose–response relationships, and show some enhanced sensitivity to nonnative distinctions. Analogous developmental patterns can be observed in individuals exposed to two nonlinguistic systems in domains such as music and face perception. Some preliminary evidence suggests that bilingual individuals might retain more sensitivity to nonnative contrasts, reaching a less narrow end state than monolinguals. Nevertheless, bilingual infants do become perceptually specialized native listeners to both of their languages, despite increased variation and differing patterns of perceptual development in comparison to monolinguals. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 56: 274–291, 2014.
Evaluation of the economics of conversion to compressed natural gas for a municipal bus fleet
Authors: Yang Lin , Tyner Wallace E , Sarica Kemal 
Published: October 2013

AbstractDomestic natural gas production has increased markedly in the United States, and now compressed natural gas (CNG) has the potential to become a cleaner and less expensive energy source than diesel fuel for use in the public transportation sector, especially for city bus fleets. This paper provides an economic analysis of possible CNG conversion for Lafayette, IN CityBus Corporation. It uses benefit–cost analysis to compare the total cost of three potential options for bus replacement: standard diesel, hybrid diesel‐electric, and CNG. A spreadsheet model was used to estimate the total cost of these three fleet options over a 15‐year project horizon. Results suggest that the CNG option has the lowest net present value (NPV) cost, and that cost savings would be larger if the corporation could obtain a grant for the CNG fueling station or if the project life span could expand to 20 years. From the environmental perspective, the CNG option would reduce greenhouse gas and particulate emissions particularly in comparison with the diesel option. Monte Carlo simulation was used to examine the inherent riskiness of the three fleet options. CNG is always lower cost than hybrid diesel‐electric. Depending on assumptions regarding the underlying price distributions, the CNG option has a 51–100% chance of being lower cost than the standard diesel option.
Adjusted density measurement methods on stairs
Authors: Hoskins Bryan Lawrence 
Published: October 2013

SummaryDensity is calculated on the basis of the number of people per unit area. In order to properly calculate density, the measurements need to match how the space is actually used. Thus, how people space themselves could be dependent on the nature of the egress component. This study compares different methods of calculating densities for people descending stairs based on the different components (treads and landings or just landings) that are observed. The densities on the different components are not found to be equivalent unless factors (adjusted tread depth and adjusted landing area) are applied. When these factors are applied to a second data set that had a different tread configuration, the densities are again equivalent. When the results are applied to a stair where cultural factors could alter the findings, the adjusted landing area needs to be adjusted in accordance with the expected change in behavior. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionospheric effects of sudden stratospheric warming during moderate‐to‐high solar activity: Case study of January 2013
Authors: Goncharenko L. , Chau J. L. , Condor P. , Coster A. , Benkevitch L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractA major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) occurred in January 2013 during moderate‐to‐high solar activity conditions. Observations during the winter of 2012/2013 reveal strong ionospheric disturbances associated with this event. Anomalous variations in vertical ion drift measured at the geomagnetic equator at Jicamarca (12°S, 77°W) are observed for over 40 days. We report strong perturbations in the total electron content (TEC) that maximize in the crests of equatorial ionization anomaly, reach 100% of the background value, exhibit significant longitudinal and hemispheric asymmetry, and last for over 40 days. The magnitude of ionospheric anomalies in both vertical drifts and TEC is comparable to the anomalies observed during the record‐strong SSW of January 2009 that coincided with the extreme solar minimum. This observation contrasts with results of numerical simulations that predict weaker ionospheric response to the tidal forcing during high solar activity.
Fire severity and surface rock fragments cause patchy distribution of soil water repellency and infiltration rates after burning
Authors: Gordillo‐Rivero Ángel J. , García‐Moreno Jorge , Jordán Antonio , Zavala Lorena M. , Granja‐Martins Fernando M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAlthough fire‐induced soil water repellency (SWR) and its effects on soil hydrology and geomorphology have been studied in detail, very few studies have considered the effect of rock fragments resting on the soil surface or partly embedded in soil. In this research, we have studied the effect of rock fragments on the strength and spatial distribution of fire‐induced SWR at different fire severities. A fire‐affected area was selected for this experiment and classified into different zones according to fire severity (unburned, low, moderate and high) and rock fragment cover (low, <20% and high, >60%). During 7 days after fire, SWR and infiltration rates were assessed in the soil surface covered by individual rock fragments and in the midpoint between two adjacent rock fragments (with maximum spacing of 20 cm). SWR increased with fire severity. Rock fragments resting on the soil surface increased the heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of fire‐induced SWR. SWR increased significantly with rock fragment cover in bare areas under moderate and high fire severity, but quantitatively important changes were only observed under high fire severity. In areas with a low rock fragment cover, water repellency from soil surfaces covered by rock fragments increased relative to bare soil surfaces, with increasing SWR. In areas with a high rock fragment cover, SWR increased significantly from non‐covered to covered soil surfaces only after low‐severity burning. Rock fragment cover did not affect infiltration rates, although it decreased significantly in soil surfaces after high‐severity burning in areas under low and high rock fragment cover. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced expression of the soluble form of E‐selectin attenuates progression of lupus nephritis and vasculitis in MRL/lpr mice
Authors: Nakatani Kimihiko , Yoshimoto Shuhei , Asai Osamu , Sakan Hirokazu , Terada Miho , Saito Yoshihiko , Nose Masato , Iwano Masayuki , Konishi Noboru 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammatory tissue damage, including lupus nephritis and vasculitis. Local generation of adhesion molecules and expression of their ligands on inflammatory cells appears to contribute to the progression of SLE. We found significantly increased E‐selectin expression in the glomeruli and renal interstitial microvasculature of MRL/MpJ‐lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) lupus model mice. This was accompanied with infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially macrophages and CD8+ T cells. Similarly, in 21 patients with proliferative lupus nephritis, there was a significant correlation between renal E‐selectin levels and macrophage and CD8+ T cell infiltration in the affected kidneys. By contrast, in transgenic MRL/lpr mice exhibiting elevated levels of circulating soluble E‐selectin (sE‐selectin) protein, which competitively inhibits E‐ and P‐selectin‐mediated extravasation of inflammatory cells, the progression of lupus nephritis and vasculitis was significantly suppressed and survival was significantly prolonged. This improvement was accompanied by significant reductions in renal infiltration by macrophages and CD8+ T cells. These results suggest that E‐selectin plays a crucial role in lupus nephritis and vasculitis by mediating renal infiltration of inflammatory cells, and that because it inhibits this process, sE‐selectin could potentially serve as an effective treatment for lupus nephritis and vasculitis.
Should physical activity recommendation depend on state of low back pain?
Authors: Holtermann A. , Clausen T. , Jørgensen M.B. , Mork P.J. , Andersen L.L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundLeisure time physical activity is recommended for preventing long‐term sickness absence (LTSA). Although low back pain (LBP) is a risk factor for sickness absence and physical activity is recommended for people with LBP, it is unknown if leisure time physical activity prevents LTSA among persons with different levels of LBP.MethodsProspective cohort study among 8655 Danish female healthcare workers responding to a questionnaire in 2004–2005 on leisure time physical activity and LBP, and subsequently followed for 1 year on periods with LTSA ∼2 consecutive weeks or more of sickness absence in a national register of social transfer payments (DREAM). Multi‐adjusted Cox regression analysis was used to model risk estimates for LTSA associated with low, moderate, high and very high leisure time physical activity at baseline among healthcare workers with no LBP (0 days past 12 months, n = 2761), non‐chronic LBP (1–30 days the past 12 months, n = 3942) and persistent LBP (>30 days the past 12 months, n = 1952).ResultsA strongly reduced risk for LTSA from high leisure time physical activity was found among healthcare workers with no LBP [hazard ratio (HR): 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47:0.23–0.97 for low vs. very high activity] and non‐chronic LBP (HR: 95%CI 0.43:0.23–0.84 of low vs. very high activity), but not among healthcare workers with persistent LBP (HR: 95%CI 1.15:0.55–2.44 of low vs. very high activity).ConclusionsLeisure time physical activity is a strong predictive factor on LTSA among female healthcare workers with no and non‐chronic LBP, but not among those with more persistent LBP.
Desacetyluvaricin Induces S Phase Arrest in SW480 Colorectal Cancer Cells Through Superoxide Overproduction
Authors: Xue Jun‐Yi , Zhou Guang‐Xiong , Chen Tianfeng , Gao Si , Choi Mei‐Yuk , Wong Yum‐Shing 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAnnonaceous acetogenins (ACGs) are a group of fatty acid‐derivatives with potent anticancer effects. In the present study, we found desacetyluvaricin (Dau) exhibited notable in vitro antiproliferative effect on SW480 human colorectal carcinoma cells with IC50 value of 14 nM. The studies on the underlying mechanisms revealed that Dau inhibited the cancer cell growth through induction of S phase cell cycle arrest from 11.3% (control) to 33.2% (160 nM Dau), which was evidenced by the decreased protein expression of cyclin A Overproduction of superoxide, intracellular DNA damage, and inhibition of MEK/ERK signaling pathway, were also found involved in cells exposed to Dau. Moreover, pre‐treatment of the cells with ascorbic acid significantly prevented the Dau‐induced overproduction of superoxide, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. Taken together, our results suggest that Dau induces S phase arrest in cancer cells by firstly superoxide overproduction and subsequently the involvement of various signaling pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 464–475, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Attention Training Reduces Intrusive Thoughts Cued by a Narrative of Stressful Life Events: A Controlled Study
Authors: Nassif Yasmine , Wells Adrian 
Published: October 2013

ObjectivesIntrusive thoughts are common distressing symptoms that occur after exposure to stressful life events. This study tested the idea, based on metacognitive theory, that such intrusions may be ameliorated by the Attention Training Technique (ATT; Wells, ).MethodParticipants who reported distressing intrusions were randomly allocated to two sessions of ATT (plus homework) or a filler task and were exposed to a narrative recording of their traumatic experience before and after the intervention. Frequencies of intrusions occurring during the narrative were measured. A measure of self‐reported attention flexibility was also examined.ResultsParticipants in the ATT condition showed a significant reduction in intrusion frequency and an increase in attention flexibility compared with the control group. ATT was associated with a 3.4 times greater reduction in the incidence of intrusions.ConclusionsATT may be an effective technique for reducing symptoms of stress exposure, reducing the incidence of intrusions when exposed to stimuli associated with stressful events.
G Protein‐Coupled Receptors and Adipogenesis: A Focus on Adenosine Receptors
Authors: Eisenstein Anna , Ravid Katya 
Published: October 2013

AbstractG‐protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of proteins that coordinate extracellular signals to produce physiologic outcomes. Adenosine receptors (AR) are one class of GPCRs that have been shown to regulate functions as diverse as inflammation, blood flow, and cellular differentiation. Adenosine signals through four GPCRs that either inhibit (A1AR and A3AR) or activate (A2aAR and A2bAR) adenylyl cyclase. This review will focus on the role of GPCRs, and in particular, adenosine receptors, in adipogenesis. Preadipocytes differentiate to mature adipocytes as the adipose tissue expands to compensate for the consumption of excess nutrients. These newly generated adipocytes contribute to maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Understanding the key drivers of this differentiation process can aid the development of therapeutics to combat the growing obesity epidemic and associated metabolic consequences. Although much literature has covered the transcriptional events that culminate in the formation of an adipocyte, less focus has been on receptor‐mediated extracellular signals that direct this process. This review will highlight GPCRs and their downstream messengers as significant players controlling adipocyte differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 229: 414–421, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatic steatosis: Effect on hepatocyte enhancement with gadoxetate disodium‐enhanced liver MR imaging
Authors: Onishi Hiromitsu , Theisen Daniel , Dietrich Olaf , Reiser Maximilian F. , Zech Christoph J. 
Published: October 2013

PurposeTo investigate the effect of hepatic steatosis on enhancement of liver parenchyma with gadoxetate disodium‐enhanced MR imaging.Materials and MethodsGadoxetate disodium‐enhanced MR images of 166 patients were analyzed. Liver–spleen contrast and liver–spleen relative enhancement ratio on three‐dimensional gradient echo T1‐weighted images with fat suppression 20 minutes after injection of gadoxetate disodium were evaluated in correlation with fat signal fraction using the Pearson correlation coefficient and also compared between patients with normal liver parenchyma (n = 115) and with liver steatosis (n = 51) using the Student t‐test.ResultsThe liver–spleen contrast at hepatobiliary phase showed inverse correlations with the fat signal fraction (r = −0.36; P < 0.01), while the liver–spleen relative enhancement ratio showed no statistical correlation with the fat signal fraction (P = 0.80). The liver–spleen contrast in the group with steatotic liver was significantly lower than that in the group with normal livers (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the relative enhancement ratio between the two groups (P = 0.85).ConclusionOur results may suggest that hepatic steatosis does not affect the uptake of gadoxetate disodium into hepatocytes and are considered crucial as background knowledge in extending the use of gadoxetate disodium‐enhanced MR imaging to quantitate liver function. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;39:42–50. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.