bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of an educational intervention utilising a three‐dimensional‐printed model for ultrasound‐guided intra‐articular injections of the dislocated shoulder
Authors: Cosgrave Conor , Anakin Megan , Blyth Phil , Baillie Louisa , Beck Sierra 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveIntra‐articular injection of local anaesthetic provides safe and effective analgesia for patients with shoulder dislocation. We designed a three‐dimensional‐printed ultrasound model of the shoulder to educate ED clinicians on use of this technique. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a 1‐h training session using this model on participants' knowledge, skills and clinical practice.MethodsThis was a prospective study of the clinicians working at two EDs in New Zealand. Participants (n = 20) took part in a 1‐h educational session. We tested participants' performance before the session, afterwards and at 3 months using a 10‐point objective structured clinical examination. We reviewed clinical records to determine whether there was increased utilisation of this technique among ED patients before and after the training.ResultsThere was improvement in participants' OCSE performance (median pre‐training score = 4.00, median 3‐month post‐training score = 7.00, P = 0.044) and self‐reported competence and knowledge, which were sustained to the end of the study.There was increased use of intra‐articular injection among ED patients with shoulder dislocation: 2 of 68 patients (3%) before and 11 of 76 patients (14.5%) after the study. Notably, most were performed by clinicians who did not take part in the study (n = 9).ConclusionA 1‐h training session using a three‐dimensional‐printed model improved participants objective structured clinical examination performance in ultrasound‐guided injection of the shoulder joint. Although there was minimal change in the practice of participating clinicians, overall use of the procedure increased.
Emergency department staff opinion on newly introduced phlebotomy services in the department. A cross‐sectional study incorporating thematic analysis
Authors: Osman Abdi D , Yeak Daryl , Ben‐Meir Michael , Braitberg George 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe demand for ED services, both in terms of patient numbers and complexity has risen over the past decades. According to reports, there has been an increase in the ED patient presentation rate from 330 per 1000 to 334 per 1000 between 2018–2019 and 2022–2023. Consequently, new care models have been introduced to address this surge in demand, mitigate associated risks and improve overall safety. Among these models is the concept of ‘front loading’ clinical care, involving the initiation of interventions at the point of arrival. The present study evaluates the impact of introducing phlebotomists at triage.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional survey using purposive sampling at a single quaternary metropolitan ED with an annual census of greater than 90 000, encompassing all clinical staff in the ED. The survey data were analysed quantitatively and complemented by a thematic analysis.ResultsThe response rate for the questionnaire was 61% (n = 207), with good representation from all ED craft groups. Nearly all the staff (99.5%) reported being aware of the presence of phlebotomists in the ED, whereas only 57% of the staff reported working in triage (P = 0.05, 0.00 to 0.04). ‘Valuable/vital resource’ featured as a common response. Early decision‐making, patient safety, staff and patient satisfaction emerged as consistent themes.ConclusionsStaff expressed satisfaction that patient care now begins in the waiting room, especially after extended waiting periods prior to cubicle allocation. They assert that this improvement significantly enhances timely treatment and disposition decisions, as well as overall patient satisfaction.
‘You mean you're not doing it already?’ A national sentinel toxico‐surveillance system for detecting illicit, emerging and novel psychoactive drugs in presentations to emergency departments
Authors: Fatovich Daniel M , Dessauer Paul , Ezard Nadine ,   the EDNA Investigators
Published: August 2024

AbstractPatients presenting to the ED after using illicit drugs, including novel psychoactive substances, are a unique source of information on substances that are directly causing acute harm in the community. Conventionally, illicit drug intoxications are assessed and managed in EDs based on self‐report and presenting symptoms, with no objective data on the causative agent. The Emerging Drugs Network of Australia (EDNA) is a national toxico‐surveillance system that provides analytic data on these drugs, from sentinel Emergency Departments. It is a collaborative national network of emergency physicians, toxicologists, forensic laboratories and public health authorities. The key benefit of EDNA is the capacity to provide timely laboratory‐confirmed toxicology data on emerging drug‐related threats in the community. This leads to improvements in clinical, forensic laboratory and public health harm reduction responses, reflecting rapid translation of the research.
Detection of Wolbachia in field‐collected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Emara Mahmoud A. , Altilmisani Nuha Mustafa , Albishri Faisal , Khan Imtinan Akram , Elkhalifa Salah Mubark , Al‐Dubai Talha A. , Al‐Wesabi Esam Omar 
Published: August 2024

AbstractRecent reports have disclosed the occurrence of Wolbachia in Aedes aegypti. Our study detected Wolbachia infection in Ae. aegypti by screening wild adult mosquitoes using two Wolbachia‐specific molecular markers. Overall, 444 adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were collected from April 2022 to October 2022 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Each individual sample was processed and screened for the presence of Wolbachia using selected markers, the Wolbachia‐specific 16S rDNA and the Wolbachia surface protein gene (wsp), under optimized polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions, and sequenced. In total, 39 (8.78%) and 48 (10.81%) individual mosquito samples were determined to be infected with Wolbachia using the wsp and 16S rDNA markers, respectively. By utilizing two Wolbachia‐specific molecular markers, our study demonstrated the presence of Wolbachia from individual Ae. aegypti samples. Our results showed a low rate of Wolbachia infection and inferred that the detected strain belongs to supergroup B.
IGJ depletion suppresses proliferation, inflammation, and motility of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast‐like synoviocytes via targeting NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Sheng Jun , Qiang Fuyong , He Qian , Xuan Dan , Liu Ruitao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the impact of IGJ on the proliferation, inflammation, and motility of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast‐like synoviocytes and elucidate the underlying mechanism.MethodsThe expression of IGJ RA fibroblast‐like synoviocytes was assessed using immunoblot and qPCR. Cell growth was evaluated using CCK‐8 and FCM assays. The effects on inflammatory response were determined by ELISA and immunoblot assays. Cell motility was assessed using transwell and immunoblot assays. The mechanism was further confirmed using immunoblot assays.ResultsIGJ expression was found to be elevated in fibroid synovial cells of RA. IGJ ablation inhibited the growth of MH7A cells and suppressed the inflammatory response. Knockdown of IGJ also blocked cell motility. Mechanically, the knockdown of IGJ suppressed the NF‐κB axis in MH7A cells.ConclusionIGJ suppresses RA in fibroblast‐like synoviocytes via NF‐κB pathway.
Thermal profiles in varied experimental firings: Implications for different clays and archaeomagnetism
Authors: Kostadinova‐Avramova Maria , Dimitrov Petar , Kosterov Andrei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThermal profiles of 16 firings performed under various experimental conditions are investigated and compared, with special attention to cooling due to its significance in archaeomagnetism. Samples of different shapes and sizes handmade from six starting clays were fired once and repeatedly followed by magnetic measurements. The collected experimental data provide a broader view of the relationships among firing conditions, clay composition, and final ceramic products.According to direct measurements, open hearths and kilns reach very similar temperatures (800–900°C). Firing temperature and soaking time tend to be linearly related at temperatures around and above 700°C. Soaking time appears to be independent of the structure type around and above 800°C but not below 600°C. Heating rates and times are related exponentially. Only the cooling process distinguishes ’open’ and ’kiln’ firing, with kiln insulation being the primary factor controlling all thermal parameters. A possible relationship between cooling and fuel type is suggested. Cooling in open hearths and kilns differs from that in laboratory furnaces.The magnetic profiles obtained for various clays highlight the differences in composition, grain size, and thermal stability; increasing the number of firings reduces these later.
Usefulness of Deloyers procedure with minimally invasive coloproctectomy in an elderly patient with synchronous colorectal cancer: A case report
Authors: Inaguma Gaku , Hiro Junichiro , Otsuka Koki , Masumori Koji , Kobayashi Yosuke , Chong Yongchol , Omura Yusuke , Hattori Yutaka , Tsujimura Kazuki , Uyama Ichiro , Suda Koichi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSubtotal colectomy is often performed on patients with synchronous colorectal cancer. However, compared with colorectal anastomosis, ileorectal anastomosis with subtotal colectomy is more likely to result in bowel dysfunction. The Deloyers procedure is useful in preserving bowel function in a patient with synchronous colorectal cancer. An 87‐year‐old man presented with bloody stool. Colonoscopy showed masses in the cecum, transverse colon, rectosigmoid, and rectum above the peritoneal reflection. Computed tomography scan revealed no evidence of regional lymph node swelling and distant metastasis. Therefore, robot‐assisted low anterior resection, laparoscopic extended left hemicolectomy, laparoscopic cecal resection, and diverting ileostomy were performed. The patient was discharged from the hospital without complications. There was no recurrence, and the patient did not have complaints such as urgency, fecal incontinence, and excretory dysfunction. Hence, minimally invasive coloproctectomy using the Deloyers procedure can be safe and useful in preserving postoperative bowel function in elderly patients.
Role of myeloid cells in neural repair after brain tissue injury
Authors: Koyama Ryuki , Shichita Takashi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractStroke and traumatic brain injury leave many survivors with permanent neurological disabilities, and the development of therapeutics to enhance functional recovery is needed. Both residential and infiltrating immune cells participate in the acute inflammation after brain injury, exacerbating functional outcomes; however, some immune cells have been reported to alter their characteristic to a reparative phenotype. This review focused on the recent findings of the reparative immunity of myeloid cells. Functional recovery after injury is achieved through the combination of resolution of inflammation, reorganization of neuronal network, white matter repair, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix reorganization. In each process, myeloid cells play vital roles in leading to functional recovery. Further research on the diversity of immune cells implicated in neural repair will be promising to develop therapeutics enhancing functional recovery after brain tissue injuries.
Nocturnal hypoxia and age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Chaudhary Attiqa , Abbott Carla J. , Wu Zhichao , Fang Wendy Y. , Raj Palaniraj R. , Naughton Matthew , Heriot Wilson J. , Guymer Robyn H. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundNocturnal hypoxia is common, under‐diagnosed and is found in the same demographic at risk of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). The objective of this study was to determine any association between nocturnal hypoxia and AMD, its severity, and the high‐risk sub‐phenotype of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included participants aged ≥50 years with AMD, or normal controls, exclusive of those on treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea. All participants had at home, overnight (up to 3 nights) pulse oximetry recordings and multimodal imaging to classify AMD. Classification of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) was determined based on oxygen desaturation index [ODI] with mild having values of 5–15 and moderate‐to‐severe >15.ResultsA total of 225 participants were included with 76% having AMD, of which 42% had coexistent RPD. Of the AMD participants, 53% had early/intermediate AMD, 30% had geographic atrophy (GA) and 17% had neovascular AMD (nAMD). Overall, mild or moderate‐to‐severe OSAwas not associated with an increased odds of having AMD nor AMD with RPD (p ≥ 0.180). However, moderate‐to‐severe OSA was associated with increased odds of having nAMD (odds ratio = 6.35; 95% confidence interval = 1.18 to 34.28; p = 0.032), but not early/intermediate AMD or GA, compared to controls (p ≥ 0.130). Mild OSA was not associated with differences in odds of having AMD of any severity (p ≥ 0.277).ConclusionsThere was an association between nocturnal hypoxia as measured by the ODI and nAMD. Hence, nocturnal hypoxia may be an under‐appreciated important modifiable risk factor for nAMD.
Diving deep into the network: Quantifying protection effects across California's marine protected area network using a remotely operated vehicle
Authors: Perkins Nicholas R. , Lauermann Andrew , Prall Michael , Hosack Geoffrey R. , Foster Scott D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNetworks of marine protected areas (MPAs) are being increasingly implemented worldwide as conservation management tools. We report here on MPA effectiveness using data from a 17‐year long remotely operated vehicle (ROV) monitoring program spanning mesophotic (~ 20–130 m) depths in 26 MPAs across California's MPA network. We utilize a spatial modeling approach that includes important environmental covariates as well as spatial dependence in the data, and allows the separation of statewide and regional trends in the abundance of focal species from additional trends specific to MPAs. We demonstrate that there have been statewide and/or regional recoveries in abundance for the majority of our 10 focal demersal fish species, with all four statewide species assessments and 18 out of 22 species‐region combinations assessed displaying positive trends. We also demonstrate that MPA protection has had an additional positive effect on the abundance of the majority of these focal species inside MPAs compared with reference areas, with positive effects for all four statewide species, and 18 out of 22 statewide/regions assessed showing positive effects, four showing no statistically detectable differences, and no negative MPA effects found. Comparisons with theoretical expectations of MPA recovery for our focal species showed that 2 out of 4 statewide, and 11 out of 17 species‐region combinations assessed displayed higher mean MPA effects than expected. Our results highlight strong trajectories of increasing abundance and additional MPA effects for many of our focal species, demonstrating that MPAs are having positive effects in mesophotic depths across the network as well as at previously reported shallower depths, and that image‐based platforms such as ROVs provide an important tool to support timely reporting on the effectiveness of MPA networks.
Subcellular expression of CD30 in cutaneous mastocytosis—An important factor for targeted treatment
Authors: Mitteldorf Christina , Kulberg Aleksandra , Tronnier Michael , Schön Michael P. , Kempf Werner 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe subcellular distribution of CD30 on mast cells and the presence of eosinophils in cutaneous mastocytosis require further investigation, especially as the cell surface expression of CD30 is critical for the therapeutic response of systemic mastocytosis to brentuximab vedotin.ObjectiveInvestigation of 147 biopsy specimens from 143 patients with cutaneous mastocytosis for mast cell density and distribution, frequency of CD30 expression, CD30 staining patterns, and presence and distribution of eosinophils. Correlation with clinical patterns.MethodsRetrospective multicenter immunohistochemical study of CD30 expression, eosinophils and basic clinical data in cutaneous mastocytosis.ResultsCD30 expression was found in all samples (cut‐off: ≥1%), whereby the staining was predominantly cytoplasmic in 99% of the samples. Additional membrane staining was detected in 62% of the samples. Surface expression of CD30 was more common in biopsy specimens with a high mast cell burden and in biopsy specimens with a higher CD30 expression rate. Eosinophils were admixed in 58% of the samples. Females and older patients showed a trend of a lower mast cell burden.LimitationsRetrospective study on formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissue without functional analysis.ConclusionMost cases of cutaneous mastocytosis show cell surface expression of CD30 expression and is, therefore, in principle, accessible for therapy with antibodies against CD30, provided the overall situation of the patient warrants.
Diversified flood governance and related socio‐spatial vulnerability in Tana River County, Kenya
Authors: Okoko Anita Nyapala 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhat are the consequential socio‐spatial vulnerabilities of fragmentation in flood risk governance (FRG) functions in Tana River County, Kenya? To answer the question, this paper utilises social differentiation theory to establish types and consequences of such fragmentation. It applies theoretical patterns and processes of social differentiation to expose that FRG diversification could result in fragmentation of FRG functions. The study employs an interview strategy that focuses on governmental and non‐governmental FRG actors. The results reveal that fragmented FRG functions in Tana River County was not an intentional policy decision, but rather a product of a transitional vacuum between policy promulgation and implementation. Furthermore, socio‐spatial vulnerabilities differentiated by patterns and processes related to age, gender, disability, and ethnicity, for instance, are consequential outcomes of fragmented FRG functions in the Tana River floodplains. The study recommends implementation of the National Disaster Management Policy in Tana River County and institutionalisation of a specific FRG policy and legal framework.
Do help‐seeking adolescents report more psychotic‐like experiences than young adults on the 16‐item version of the prodromal questionnaire (PQ‐16)?
Authors: de Jong Yvonne , Boon Albert E. , Mulder Cornelis L. , van der Gaag Mark 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimTo compare psychotic‐like experiences (PLEs) in adolescents and young adults referred to the Mental Health Services (MHSs).MethodsParticipants scored the 16‐item Prodromal Questionnaire (PQ‐16) as part of the intake procedure. Data on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) classification and demographic data were collected.ResultsThe PQ‐16 was completed by 13 783 respondents (mean age 24.63 years, SD = 6.09; 62.6% female). Overall, the scores on the PQ‐16 were not higher for adolescents (11–17 years; m = 4.84, SD = 3.62) than for young adults (18–35 years; m = 5.47, SD = 3.85). On PQ‐16 item level, adolescents reported seeing and hearing things more than adults did. Across all age groups, males scored lower on the PQ‐16 than females. Specifically, adolescent males scored lower than other participants. For adolescents and young adults alike, PQ‐16 scores were higher for participants with borderline personality disorder, PTSD, and mood disorder than for those with other DSM classifications.ConclusionsAlthough help‐seeking adolescents did not score higher on the PQ‐16 than help‐seeking young adults, more of them reported perceptual anomalies. Irrespective of age, participants with borderline personality disorder, PTSD and mood disorder scored higher on the PQ‐16 than those with other DSM classifications.
I reflect, therefore I am!, Exploring the use of a Voluntary Online Reflective Journal as a learning tool among postgraduate dental students
Authors: Wassif Hoda S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionReflection is widely used in all aspects of teaching and learning in dental education and makes a fundamental part of all learning activities for dental students. However, reflective tasks are often used with a clear purpose; for example, in completing e‐portfolios or dealing with critical incidences. This study explores the use of optional online journals that Postgraduate (PG) dental students were encouraged to use as part of their own development.AimTo explore how PG dental students perceive the use of optional online journals.Materials and MethodsData were collected via an anonymous questionnaire that included a word pool, Likert‐scale statements and free text comment sections.ResultsOverall, 31 students (93%) responded to the questionnaire with high focus on the usefulness of the journal, with 58% selecting ‘connecting with tutors’ and 41% selecting ‘keeping track’ of their own learning and progress. The word ‘reflection’ was selected by 87% of participants when describing the use of the journal. Some participants, 29%, considered the journal as ‘added pressure’, and 41% felt it was ‘extra work’ as the journal, although voluntary, presented an added task to complete. All students made at least one entry in the online journal.ConclusionThe use of an optional online journal can be a useful tool in establishing connection between dental students and their tutors. Some postgraduate dental students valued the benefits of reflective journal without it being linked to assessments. Some concerns were reported around the time constraints as well as the added work related to taking part in such activity.
Health‐related quality of life in older hematological cancer survivors (70+) compared to older general population—A German cancer‐register‐based cross‐sectional comparative study
Authors: Schatz Florian , Mehnert‐Theuerkauf Anja , Platzbecker Uwe , Springer Franziska , Götze Heide 
Published: August 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe extent of health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) impairments in older hematological cancer survivors (HCS) has not been sufficiently studied. We therefore examined HRQOL in older HCS compared to a community sample (CS) and investigated sociodemographic, disease‐ and treatment‐specific, geriatric, and psychosocial factors associated with reduced HRQOL.Materials and MethodsIn this cancer‐register‐based cross‐sectional comparative study 200 HCS, aged ≥70 years, and 252 persons of an age‐ and gender‐matched CS completed validated questionnaires including the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and EORTC QLQ‐ELD14.ResultsOlder HCS reported a reduced HRQOL in the dimensions of global QOL, physical, role, and social functioning (small clinical significance) and higher symptom burden of fatigue, nausea and vomiting, appetite loss, and poorer mobility compared to the CS (fatigue and mobility with medium, the others with small clinical significance). Perceived disease burden of comorbidities, functional disabilities, psychological distress, and depression showed statistical significance for reduced HRQOL in older HCS in multiple linear regression analysis (R2 = .602, p < .001).DiscussionThe screening and treatment of functional limitations and individual symptoms and the integration of a geriatric assessment into oncological practice can help to identify supportive care needs, to implement individualized, patient‐centered cancer survivorship care programs and to improve older HCS's HRQOL.