bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of biodegradable mulches on the yielding of autumn raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)
Authors: Król-Dyrek Katarzyna , Siwek Piotr 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
A three-year experiment was set up to assess the effect of three mulch types on the growth and yield of ‘Polka’ autumn fruiting raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). The experimental arrangement comprised four combinations of two parallel blocks, one of which was a field crop and the second was a covered crop in the form of a high tunnel with raised beds sides. The crop was grown on raised beds (approximately 30 cm high) covered with a mulch made of: 1) polypropylene non-woven (PP); 2) PP with a photodegradant; 3) polylactide nonwoven (PLA). A crop on a raised bed without any mulch was the control. Biometric, physiological and yield parameters were assessed and included the number of canes, plant height, chlorophyll content in the leaves, fruit yield, weight of 20 fruits and the extract content.
The obtained results show that the height of the canes grown on PLA and PP mulch was significantly higher than for the PP with photodegradant. Cultivation on PP, PLA and PP with photodegradant mulch resulted in a significant increase in the weight of 20 raspberry fruits and higher chlorophyll content in the leaves compared to the control combination.
Control of sooty blotch and black rot of apple through removal of fruit mummies
Authors: Beer Margarita , Brockamp Leona , Weber Roland W.S. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Several popular apple cultivars retain their aborted fruits as mummies on the tree. In laboratory conditions, overwintered fruit mummies collected from a Northern German apple orchard under organic management released inoculum, which caused black rot due to Diplodia seriata and sooty blotch due to Peltaster cerophilus on ripe apples. In a field trial conducted over four years in another organic orchard, the manual removal of fruit mummies in winter and again in late June of each year significantly reduced the incidence of both these diseases. However, fruit mummy removal did not significantly affect the development of storage rots due to Neofabraea alba and N. perennans. The potential, limitations and costs of this phytosanitary measure are discussed in the context of organic apple production.
Improving Physical Layer Security via TAS and Full-Duplex Artificial-Noise-Added Receiver
Authors: Zhang Yajun , Liang Tao , Sun Aiwei 
Published: May 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a hybrid scheme called transmit antenna selection and receiver’s artificial noise (TAS–rAN) for security enhancement in multiple-input single-output (MISO) wiretap channels. In this scheme, by using TAS protocol, the transmitter selects a single antenna that maximizes the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the full-duplex receiver. While the transmitter uses this antenna to transmit secrecy data, the full-duplex receiver would send artificial noise (AN) to confuse the potential eavesdropper. For the proposed protocol, we consider Rayleigh fading channels with different parameters for the main channel and the eavesdropper’s channel, and derive new closed-form expressions for the exact secrecy outage probability and the asymptotic secrecy outage probability. We demonstrate that the proposed TAS–
Virus Status, Varroa Levels, and Survival of 20 Managed Honey Bee Colonies Monitored in Luxembourg Between the Summer of 2011 and the Spring of 2013
Authors: Clermont Antoine , Pasquali Matias , Eickermann Michael , Kraus François , Hoffmann Lucien , Beyer Marco 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Twenty managed honey bee colonies, split between 5 apiaries with 4 hives each, were monitored between the summer of 2011 and spring of 2013. Living bees were sampled in July 2011, July 2012, and August 2012. Twenty-five, medium-aged bees, free of varroa mites, were pooled per colony and date, to form one sample. Unlike in France and Belgium, Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus (CBPV) has not been found in Luxembourg. Slow Bee Paralysis Virus (SBPV) and Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus (IAPV) levels were below detection limits. Traces of Kashmir Bee Virus (KBV) were amplified. Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV), Varroa destructor Virus-1 (VDV-1), and SacBrood Virus (SBV) were detected in all samples and are reported from Luxembourg for the first time. Varroa destructor Macula- Like Virus (VdMLV), Deformed Wing Virus (DWV), and Acute Bee Paralysis Virus (ABPV) were detected at all locations, and in most but not all samples. There was a significant increase in VDV-1 and DWV levels within the observation period. A principal component analysis was unable to separate the bees of colonies that survived the following winter from bees that died, based on their virus contents in summer. The number of dead varroa mites found below colonies was elevated in colonies that died in the following winter. Significant positive relationships were found between the log-transformed virus levels of the bees and the log-transformed number of mites found below the colonies per week, for VDV-1 and DWV. Sacbrood virus levels were independent of varroa levels, suggesting a neutral or competitive relationship between this virus and varroa.
Can we really diagnose diabetes during pregnancy?
Authors: Burlingame Janet M. , Bartholomew Lisa , Brink-Wong Teresa , Sampaga Sheila , Dye Timothy 
Published: May 2015

Abstract

Objective: To identify the accuracy of diagnosing postpartum diabetes and glucose intolerance using antepartum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting glucose values.

Study Design: A retrospective Hawaiian cohort of women with gestational diabetes during 2004–2011 were evaluated. Antepartum HbA1c and postpartum 75-g glucose tolerance tests were obtained.

Results: An antepartum HbA1c value of ≥6.5% had a 45.7% sensitivity, a 96% specificity and a 40% positive predictive value (PPV) for predicting postpartum diabetes. An antepartum HbA1c value of ≥6.5% had a 6.6% sensitivity, a 94.2% specificity and a 27% PPV for predicting postpartum impaired glucose tolerance. An antepartum HbA1c value of ≥6.5% had a 10.3% sensitivity, a 95.7% specificity and a 33.3% PPV for predicting postpartum impaired fasting glucoses.

Conclusion: We could not demonstrate a clinically useful PPV for diagnosing postpartum diabetes or glucose intolerance using an antepartum elevated HbA1c value of ≥6.5% or a fasting glucose level of ≥90 mg/dL.
Omentin, an adipokine with insulin-sensitizing properties, is negatively associated with insulin resistance in normal gestation
Authors: Brandt Benny , Mazaki-Tovi Shali , Hemi Rina , Yinon Yoav , Schiff Eyal , Mashiach Roy , Kanety Hannah , Sivan Eyal 
Published: May 2015

AbstractOmentin, a newly identified adipokine, enhances insulin mediated glucose uptake in human adipocytes, thus, inducing systemic insulin-sensitizing effect. The aims of this study were to determine whether circulating maternal omentin levels are associated with insulin resistance indices and to assess which compartment, maternal, fetal, or placental, is the source of omentin in maternal circulation.Fasting serum glucose, insulin, and omentin were determined in 25 healthy pregnant women at the third trimester, before and 3 days after elective cesarean section. Cord blood omentin was measured in the 25 term neonates. Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) was used to evaluate insulin sensitivity before and after delivery.Antepartum maternal omentin levels were negatively correlated with insulin levels (r=–0.41, P=0.04) and positively correlated with insulin sensitivity (HOMA%S; r=0.4, P=0.04). Postpartum omentin levels were negatively correlated with maternal body mass index (r=–0.44, P=0.02). Median maternal omentin levels was comparable before and after delivery (57.2, inter-quartile range: 38.2–76.2 ng/mL vs. 53.4, 39.8–69.4 ng/mL, respectively, P=0.25) and highly correlated (r=0.83, P<0.001). Antepartum maternal and neonatal omentin levels did not differ significantly (fetal: 62.2, 44.3–74.2 ng/mL, P=0.77) and did not correlate (P=0.6).Circulating maternal omentin levels are correlated with insulin resistance indices, suggesting that this adipokine may play a role in metabolic adaptations of normal gestation. The strong correlation between anteparum and postpartum maternal omentin levels, as well as the lack of association between maternal and neonatal omentin levels, suggest that placental or fetal compartments are unlikely as the main source of circulating maternal omentin.
First trimester erythropoietin (EPO) serum concentration as a potential marker for abnormal placentation disorders. Reference values for erythropoietin (EPO) concentration at 11–13+6 weeks of gestation
Authors: Kosiński Przemysław , Bomba-Opoń Dorota A. , Wielgoś Mirosław 
Published: May 2015

AbstractTo investigate the possible effect of abnormal placentation disorders such as preeclampsia (PE), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on erythropoietin (EPO) serum concentration in women in the first trimester of pregnancy.A prospective study was performed in a group of pregnant women between 11 and 13A group of 198 analyzed patients was divided into three groups depending on pregnancy outcome: abnormal placentation group (n=30), macrosomia (n=13) and control group (n=155). EPO concentrations between the three groups of patients revealed that they differ significantly (F=15.172, P<0.001). EPO concentration is significantly higher in abnormal placentation patients compared to the control group (P<0.001) and macrosomia group (P=0.004). The most significant increase in EPO concentration was detected within patients with PIH. Also the uterine artery pulsatility index was positively correlated with EPO concentration (P<0.01).First-trimester maternal EPO concentration might be considered as a possible marker of abnormal placentation disorders and should be given more attention in future prospective studies.
Do Ontological Categories Exist?
Authors: Griffith Aaron M. 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
This paper concerns the ontological status of ontological categories (e.g., universal, particular, substance, property, relation, kind, object, etc.). I consider E. J. Lowe’s argument for the view that ontological categories do not exist and point out that it has some undesirable consequences for his realist ontology. I go on to argue that the main premise in Lowe’s argument – that ontological categories cannot be categorized – is false and then develop a conception of ontological categories as formal ontological kinds.
The Impact of Patient’s Socio-Demographic Characterictics, Comorbidities and Attitudes on Flu Vaccination Uptake in Family Practice Settings / Vpliv Bolnikovih Psihosocialnih Značilnosti, Komorbidnosti In Stališč Na Odločitev O Cepljenju Proti Gripi V Ambulantah Družinske Medicine
Authors: Kravos Andrej , Kračun Lucija , Kravos Klara , Iljaž Rade 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
Objectives. In Slovenia, the role of family physicians in primary care and preventive procedures is very important. Influenza vaccination rates in Slovenia are low. The reasons for low vaccination rates in Slovenia were not clear. We suppose that patient’s beliefs and attitudes are important factors. We assessed patients’ opinions regarding the acceptance of flu vaccination by their family physicians and their beliefs and attitudes about flu and vaccination. The aim was to check out factors that influence the decision to take the vaccine in family physician offices.
Methods. This was a cross-sectional, multicenter, observational study in the Styria region in Slovenia. We included patients from seven family physicians during regular office visits. They filled in a questionnaire about their general demographic data and attitudes regarding influenza and vaccination. The main outcome was the decision to be vaccinated.
Results. The logistic regression model identified five predictors for influenza vaccination, namely: heart disease, previous vaccination, an agreement with the beliefs ‘the vaccination is an efficient measure to prevent influenza’, ‘after the vaccination there are usually no important side effects’ and ‘the vaccination is also recommended for a healthy adult person’. The belief that vaccinations harm the immune system is negatively associated with vaccination.
Conclusions. Patients’ beliefs are an important factor to decide for vaccination or not. Family physician teams should discuss with patients their beliefs and concerns about vaccination.
Pyroelectric properties of the monoclinic rare earth nitrates A
2
Ln(NO3)5·4H2O (A = NH4, Rb; Ln = La, Ce)
Authors: Ackermann Matthias , Andersen Lionel , Becker Petra , Bohatý Ladislav 
Published: May 2015

Abstract
The pyroelectric effect of four isomorphic monoclinic (space group Cc), non-ferroelectric rare earth nitrates A
2
Ln(NO3)5·4H2O (A = NH4, Rb; Ln = La, Ce) was investigated in the temperature range between 100 K and 300 K, using a home-made continuous-flow cryostat for measurements of pyroelectric currents. The symmetry-allowed temperature-dependent change of orientation of the pyroelectric vector
p
within the mirror plane is unusually large, showing a rotation of
p
of 148°, 129°, 36° and 40° for (NH4)2La(NO3)5·4H2O, (NH4)2Ce(NO3)5·4H2O, Rb2La(NO3)5·4H2O and Rb2Ce(NO3)5·4H2O, respectively, while changing the temperature from 100 K to 300 K in each case. The pyroelectric coefficients are up to ten times larger than p

3
of tourmaline. In addition, new data of the pyroelectric coefficients of Li2SO4·H2O and BiB3O6 and their temperature dependence are given.
Fish, Marmelos Conservation Area (BX044), Madeira River basin, states of Amazonas and Rondônia, Brazil
Authors: Camargo Mauricio , Giarrizzo Tommaso 
Published: May 2015

The present study provides a species list of fish from the Marmelos River Area – BX044 in the states of Amazonas and Rondônia in northern Brazil. During a Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) performed in October and November of 2003, 133 fish species from six orders and 24 families were recorded. The most diverse families were Characidae (47 species), Cichlidae (15 species), Loricariidae (12 species) and Pimelodidae (7 species). 23 fish species were common to the entire river basin and 4 were endemic to the aquatic system studied.
Wspólnota akademicka Uniwersytetu Papieskiego Jana Pawła II w Krakowie
Authors: Dyduch Jan Maciej 
Published: May 2015

The academic community of the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow is constituted by: the authorities, the academic teachers, the lecturers, the administration office workers, and the students, of course. By the common and combined effort, they all must strive for continuation and development of the prominent past of the university. By doing this, the university will build up its future for the sake of the Church, Poland, and Europe.
The right to freedom of religion
Authors: Dură Nicolae V. 
Published: May 2015

The brief analysis of the text of the main International and European juridical instruments, i.e. the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the two International Covenants adopted in 1996, the European Convention on Human Rights, the Charter of Nice (2000) and the two fundamental Treaties of EU revealed that the right to freedom of Religion is a “jus cogens” of the present-day, initially founded both on “jus divinum” and “jus naturale.”
Values as a basis for human’s education
Authors: Zuziak Władysław 
Published: May 2015

Wartykule ukazano proces wychowania człowieka w oparciu o wartości. Dokonujące się przemiany, odczuwane jako kryzys dotychczasowego świata wartości, wymagają refleksji aksjologicznej.Wartości wcześniej uważane za ważne typu: „człowiek-osoba” i „wolność” tracą dawniejsze znaczenie. Człowiek, bez odniesienia do boskości, staje się elementem społecznej struktury, traci poczucie godności oraz możliwość realizacji. Godzi się na egzystencję w świecie wartości pozornych. Również pojęcie wolności ulega zawężeniu. Oferowane społeczeństwu substytuty wolności mają ukryć faktyczne zniewolenie.Umiejętność wyboru wartości autentycznych (sprawiedliwość, prawdomówność, wolność) może pomagać w przywróceniu poczucia godności, wspierać rozwój osobowy, przełamywać bariery międzyludzkie. To są istotne cele wychowania. By je realizować konieczna jest zmiana systemu nauczania, wspierająca krytyczne, a zarazem integralne myślenie o sobie i świecie, pomocna w odnajdywaniu dróg samorealizacji. Ten rodzaj edukacji wymaga zwiększonego wysiłku również od wychowawców.
Tożsamość narodowa wobec idei absolutnej w systemie Hegla
Authors: Jochlik Artur 
Published: May 2015

Artykuł koncentruje się wokół zagadnienia Heglowskiej tożsamości narodowej, które jest zawarte głównie w Zasadach filozofii prawa oraz w Wykładach z historii filozofii. Ukazane jest ono poprzez postęp świadomości człowieka dotyczącej jego wolności, jednakże w bardziej ograniczonym zakresie, niż ma to miejsce w Fenomenologii ducha. Celem tego artykułu jest ukazanie prawdziwego znaczenia tego zagadnienia, które jest skoncentrowane w pojęciu absolutnej idei, w Nauce logiki.
Projekt if-Theology. Pomiędzy fantazmatem a rzeczywistością
Authors: Dadaczyński, Olszewski Jerzy, Adam 
Published: May 2015

Metateologia uprawiana „od wewnątrz” teologii zawiera twierdzenie, że warunkiem koniecznym uprawiania teologii przez dany podmiot jest wiara tego podmiotu. W artykule zaproponowano pewne przekształcenie – przy pomocy narzędzi logicznych – twierdzeń teologii. Niezależnie od różnych postaw propozycjonalnych różnych podmiotów wobec twierdzeń teologii wszystkie podmioty posiadają te samą postawę propozycjonalną wobec nowej postaci twierdzeń teologii. Stanowi to pewien argument przeciwko wspomnianemu na początku twierdzeniu metateologicznemu.
O relacji pomiędzy filozofią nauki a jurysprudencją w świetle problematyki naturalizacji prawa
Authors: Jakubiec Marek 
Published: May 2015

Artykuł dotyczy wybranych aspektów relacji pomiędzy współczesną filozofią prawa oraz filozofią nauki. Zagadnienie to wydaje się szczególnie istotne w świetle wzrostu znaczenia podejścia naturalistycznego w naukach prawnych, następującego w związku z dynamicznym rozwojem nauk o zachowaniu. Dzięki analizie ich osiągnięć możliwe jest spojrzenie z interesującej perspektywy na istotne zagadnienia rozważane w ramach filozoficznoprawnego dyskursu. Nurtem, którego przedstawiciele uznają badanie faktów za najistotniejszy element refleksji nad pojęciem prawa, jest realizm prawny. Konsekwencją prezentowanego przez niektórych jego przedstawicieli nacisku na szeroko rozumiane analizy empiryczne w jurysprudencji jest wzrost znaczenia problemów rozważanych przez filozofów nauki dla filozofii prawa. Kilka z nich zostało wskazanych w tekście.
The freedom of all freedoms. On the grounding foundations of contemporary constitutional thinking
Authors: Böhr Christoph 
Published: May 2015

In large parts of the world the freedom of all freedoms, namely religious freedom and the freedom of conscience, is at risk. But only if freedom in its most basic form, freedom of conscience as religious freedom, is guaranteed men are protected from physical and spiritual domination and violence by others. The need to protect men’s freedom is based on the assertion and the respect of human dignity as an inalienable right. And so is modern statehood. In our contemporary constitutions this conviction has become inviolable and irrevocable law on which governments base their legitimacy. The modern state is therefore rooted in a human conviction, a faith, that is, which to forget would take away its sole raison d’etre.
Prawo i etyka czynnikami kształtującymi wolność osoby ludzkiej
Authors: Gryżenia SDB Kazimierz 
Published: May 2015

Wolność oznacza niezdeterminowane działanie człowieka, niezależność od czynników zewnętrznych, od skrępowania i przymusu fizycznego, psychicznego, moralnego, prawnego itp. Nieraz człowiek przypisuje sobie wolność absolutną, bezwzględną, która nie zna jakichkolwiek ograniczeń. Niewątpliwie wolność należy do konstytutywnych elementów każdego człowieka, jest niezbywalną jego własnością. Dzięki aktom wyboru kształtuje on swoją niepowtarzalną osobowość. Wolność jest uprawnieniem i zarazem obowiązkiem dokonywania wyborów, co implikuje odpowiedzialność za podjęte działania i wynikające z nich skutki. Nie każde działanie przynosi pożądane rezultaty, zarówno dla samego podmiotu działania, jak i jego otoczenia. Dlatego w kształtowaniu i korzystaniu z wolności niezbędne są kryteria i wyznaczniki. Wolność, a w ślad za nią podmiot wolności, podlega nieustannemu rozwojowi, wymagają więc odpowiedniej pielęgnacji i troski. Spośród wielu czynników kształtujących wolność osoby ludzkiej wybrano prawo i etykę.
Mieczysława A. Krąpca koncepcja uniwersytetu
Authors: Mazur Piotr Stanisław 
Published: May 2015

Wolność oznacza niezdeterminowane działanie człowieka, niezależność od czynników zewnętrznych, od skrępowania i przymusu fizycznego, psychicznego, moralnego, prawnego itp. Nieraz człowiek przypisuje sobie wolność absolutną, bezwzględną, która nie zna jakichkolwiek ograniczeń. Niewątpliwie wolność należy do konstytutywnych elementów każdego człowieka, jest niezbywalną jego własnością. Dzięki aktom wyboru kształtuje on swoją niepowtarzalną osobowość. Wolność jest uprawnieniem i zarazem obowiązkiem dokonywania wyborów, co implikuje odpowiedzialność za podjęte działania i wynikające z nich skutki. Nie każde działanie przynosi pożądane rezultaty, zarówno dla samego podmiotu działania, jak i jego otoczenia. Dlatego w kształtowaniu i korzystaniu z wolności niezbędne są kryteria i wyznaczniki. Wolność, a w ślad za nią podmiot wolności, podlega nieustannemu rozwojowi, wymagają więc odpowiedniej pielęgnacji i troski. Spośród wielu czynników kształtujących wolność osoby ludzkiej wybrano prawo i etykę.
Kryzys podstaw matematyki przełomu XIX i XX wieku
Authors: Fila Marlena 
Published: May 2015

By the end of the 19th century, mathematics had become very intensively developed. Mathematical logic became an independent discipline, and in the 1880s Cantor published his work on set theory. All this led to questions about the consistency of mathematical theories and decidability theorems. Therefore, for the second time in the history of mathematics, there emerged a crisis of the basis of mathematics.There were a few ideas for overcoming the crisis. In this paper, there will be described three trends in the philosophy of mathematics in the late 19th and early 20th centuries: logicism (Frege), intuitionism (Brouwer) and formalism (Hilbert). These three trends were described from the philosophical point of view and in the context of the crisis. Moreover, for each of them there will be present the most important methodological assumptions, and I will briefly describe attempts to achieve them. This will describe the problem in such a way that allows for the grasping of important differences and similarities between logicism, intuitionism and formalism and better understand their causes.
Jerrolda Levinsona ontologia dzieł muzycznych a zagadnienie indywidualnej esencji dzieła muzycznego
Authors: Nakoneczny Michał 
Published: May 2015

In this paper, I set to analyze the kind of metaphysical essentialism that follows from Jerrold Levinson’s ontology of musical works. This paper is structured into three sections. In the first, I reconstruct those parts of Levinson’s ontology of musical works that entail essentialism. In the second section, I reconstruct Mackie’s (2009) and Forbes’ (1985) arguments for the indispensability of the individual essences of particular objects and show that they apply equally well to musical works. In the third, final section, I combine the conclusions of the two previous ones to prove that Levinson’s ontology of musical works is compatible with Mackie and Forbes’ postulate for the individal essences. I show, however, that even though Levinson correctly ascribes essential properties to musical works, his choice about which of those properties count as essential leads to counterintuitive consequences. I end this paper with a new argument showing that musical works do have essential properties but that they are different from those postulated by Levinson.