bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schwerstverletztenversorgung in kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen
Authors: Franke Axel , Sahm Joachim , Bieler Dan , Achatz Gerhard 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungDurch den aktuellen Krieg in der Ukraine steht die Behandlung von Kriegsverletzungen in der öffentlichen Diskussion. Die hierzulande stattfindende Weiterversorgung von Verletzten aus der Ukraine nach Verteilung im Kleeblatt in die TraumaNetzwerke DGU steht nicht zuletzt durch die Forderung des Bundesverteidigungsministeriums und des Bundesgesundheitsministeriums, die Bundeswehr und das deutsche Gesundheitssystem gegenüber potenziellen Belastungen aus kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen resilienter (kriegstüchtig) zu machen, im Fokus.Um ein Verständnis für die erwartbaren Behandlungsergebnisse, die Vorgehensweisen im Einsatz, aber auch die Unwägbarkeiten der Schwerstverletztenversorgung unter Einsatzbedingungen zu etablieren, ist es das Ziel des vorliegenden Artikels, die Besonderheiten der Schwerstverletztenversorgung in kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen darzustellen.Durch eine Literaturrecherche werden die Herausforderungen und typischen Verletzungsmuster am
Beispiel des Einsatzes der Bundeswehr in Afghanistan und des aktuellen Krieges in der Ukraine dargestellt. Es wird ein Überblick über die Faktoren gegeben, die abweichend von der gut etablierten und standardisierten, zivilen Polytraumaversorgung in Deutschland die Vorgehensweisen und die Ergebnisqualität unter Einsatzbedingungen beeinflussen können.Die Schwerstverletztenversorgung erfolgt auch im Einsatz der Bundeswehr oder wie aktuell konzipiert für den Einsatz der NATO unter standardisierten Bedingungen, die sich an der algorithmenbasierten Versorgung des ATLS mit Fokus auf Blutungskontrolle orientiert. Dies ist materiell und personell gut etabliert, vorbereitet und geschult.Einzelne Ländergegebenheiten bzw. Einsatzerfordernisse können aber dazu führen, dass die erste ärztliche notfallmedizinische Versorgung abweichend vom zivilen System in Deutschland erst zeitverzögert und nach längerem Transport erfolgen kann. Ziel ist es hierbei immer, für die eingesetzten
Soldaten eine im Ergebnis gleichwertige Versorgung abzubilden, wie sie hier in Deutschland jedem Unfallopfer, unabhängig von Zeit und Ort des Unfalles, potenziell zur Verfügung steht.
Nicht alles ist Rheuma: Systemische Inflammation und autoimmune
Phänomene
Authors: Kittel Christoph , Unger Leonore 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungIn unserer täglichen Praxis begegnen uns immer wieder Patienten mit fulminanten
Entzündungsreaktionen mit organbedrohendem Verlauf. Wir stellen zwei junge
Frauen mit einer ausgeprägten systemischen Entzündung und verschiedenen
Autoimmunphänomenen vor. In beiden Fällen lag letztlich ein papilläres
Schilddrüsenkarzinom vor. Die erste Patientin wurde mit dem Verdacht einer
ANCA-assoziierten Vaskulitis in erheblich beeinträchtigtem Allgemeinzustand
vorgestellt. Klinisch bestanden Kopf-, Nacken- und Thoraxschmerzen neben einem
deutlich erhöhten CRP und einem undifferenzierten niedrig-titrigen ANCA. Die
Biopsie eines echoarmen Schilddrüsenknotens erbrachte keinen Anhalt für
Malignität. Trotz eines Therapieversuches mit Prednisolon kam es nach kurzer
Zeit zur Wiedervorstellung nun mit zusätzlich Übelkeit, Erbrechen und einer sehr
schmerzhaften, lividen Verfärbung der Finger der linken Hand bei weiter deutlich
erhöhtem CRP. Ein PET-CT zeigte neben Lymphadenopathien eine deutliche Tracer-
Anreicherung im rechten Schilddrüsenlappen. In der nachfolgenden Thyreoidektomie
ließ sich nun das papilläre Schilddrüsenkarzinom beweisen. Die
Autoimmunphänomene sind im Rahmen einer Paraneoplasie zu interpretieren. Im
zweiten Fall handelt es sich um eine Patientin mit einem bekannten Systemischen
Lupus erythematodes, die durch ein Erysipel, welches unter der Immunsuppression
aufgetreten ist, in einen schweren Schub des Lupus gekommen ist. Im Rahmen der
ausführlichen Umfelddiagnostik konnte ein kleines papilläres
Schilddrüsenkarzinom diagnostiziert werden und frühzeitig kurativ operiert
werden.
Chimäre Antigenrezeptor-T-Zellen – Die Evolution zellulärer
Immuntherapie von malignen zu nicht-malignen Erkrankungen
Authors: Luu Maik , Hudecek Michael , Schmalzing Marc 
Published: August 2024

ZusammenfassungImmunonkologische Therapien wie Immuncheckpoint-Inhibitoren (ICIs) und
bispezifische Antikörper haben die Behandlung von soliden und hämatologischen
Tumorentitäten mit einem neuen Arsenal an Möglichkeiten ausgestattet. Dabei
spielen T-Zellen eine zentrale Rolle bei der Bekämpfung entarteter Zellen.
Moderne Gen-Transfer- und -Engineering-Methoden haben im letzten Jahrzehnt die
Kombination von synthetischer Biologie und adoptiver, zellulärer Immuntherapie
ermöglicht und somit die Ausstattung von Patienten-T-Zellen mit chimären
Antigenrezeptoren (CAR). Diese vereinen die Antigen-bindenden Eigenschaften von
Antikörpern mit den Signal-gebenden Domänen des T-Zell-Rezeptors und erlauben
den so entstehenden CAR-T-Zellen die Zerstörung von Tumorzellen in
Antigen-spezifischer Art und Weise. Diese „living drugs“ haben insbesondere die
Behandlung B-Zell-vermittelter, hämatologischer Erkrankungen revolutioniert und
zeigen neben hohen Ansprech- ebenso langjährige Remissionsraten. Die Möglichkeit
CAR gegen neue Zielantigene zu generieren und auch die Eigenschaften von
T-Zellen über Genom-Editierung zu steuern führt das Feld nicht nur immer weiter
in den Bereich der soliden Tumore, sondern gleichsam in das Feld nicht-maligner
Erkrankungen. Insbesondere die tiefe B-Zell-Depletion über CD19-CAR-T-Zellen hat
bei ersten Patienten mit Systemischem Lupus erythematosus (SLE) und anderen
Kollagenosen zu beachtlichen Erfolgen geführt. Dabei beschränkt sich die bisher
publizierte Erfahrung auf kleine Fallserien und Fallberichte. Auf Basis dieser
Daten ist ebenso der Einsatz von CAR-T-Zellen in anderen B-Zell-vermittelten
Autoimmunitäten denkbar und wird die Rheumatologie in Zukunft gewiss
beschäftigen. Mehrere Phase 1- und 2-Studien zu CAR-T-Zell-Therapien bei
Autoimmunerkrankung werden aktuell entwickelt oder schon initiiert. Der
vorliegende Artikel soll die Grundzüge der CAR-T-Zell-Technologie erläutern
sowie ihre Perspektiven für die Verwendung im Bereich nicht-maligner
Erkrankungen beleuchten.
Concise Asymmetric Synthesis of Deepoxyalchornoic Acid and (12R,13R)-Isoleukotoxin Diol
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Gorve Dnyaneshwar A. , Papnai Himanshu 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe first asymmetric synthesis and structural confirmation of deepoxyalchornoic acid have been accomplished from commercially available starting materials. Asymmetric dihydroxylation and Wittig olefination has been strategically executed to achieve a concise synthesis of deepoxyalchornoic acid and (12R,13R)-isoleukotoxin diol from a common intermediate chiral γ-lactone.
Impacts on Rural Community Development and Governance by Different Land Ownership: A Comparative Study Based on Two Villages in China
Authors: Yang Jieying , Yu Li , Zhang Jingxiang 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe capability of rural community governance is significantly impacted by the different types of land ownership when capital investment in rural tourism to achieve rural revitalisation. The outcomes of which profoundly affect sustainable rural development. This study, by utilising a theoretical framework using double movement theory, aims to assess the impacts on rural community governance by two different land ownership models, the Enterprise-based Model (EBM) and the Community-based Model (CBM), in the process of capital flow to the countryside (CFC). Case studies of the two villages were adopted to examine and explore the logic of interaction between stakeholders and reveal the internal mechanism of rural community governance. The results of this research indicate that the CBM has considerable advantages over the EBM. In the CBM, the village collective retains land ownership without fully marketising, which allows villagers to maintain their bargaining power with investors whilst increasing their local awareness. In the EBM, however, the local government promotes the conversion of land ownership. The villagers benefit more from one-time acquisition but lose sustainable benefits created by local development. Stakeholders call for the need to create a development model beyond the market economy by maintaining China's rural land system in the process of CFC. In this regard, this paper provides an original contribution.
Enhancing growth rate in homoepitaxial growth of β-Ga2O3 with flat surface via hydrochloric acid addition in mist CVD
Authors: Ueda Ryo , Nishinaka Hiroyuki , Miyake Hiroki , Yoshimoto Masahiro 
Published: August 2024

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) is a wide-bandgap oxide semiconductor, with a bandgap of ∼4.9 eV, making it a promising material for power device applications. This study focuses on the effect of hydrochloric acid addition on the growth rate in homoepitaxial growth of β-Ga2O3 using a mist chemical vapor deposition method. For homoepitaxial growth on a (001) β-Ga2O3 substrate, we introduced different concentrations of HCl into the source solution to assess its impact on the growth rate, crystal structures, and surface morphologies of the films. At a growth temperature of 900 °C, HCl addition linearly increased film thickness, enhancing the growth rate by 4.8 times with 9.09 vol. % HCl. No peaks associated with other phases were exhibited by each sample, indicating pure homoepitaxial growth. When comparing samples with similar film thicknesses, the root-mean-square (rms) roughness was enhanced by 1/7 with an increase in the HCl concentration. However, at 800 °C, an increasing solution concentration caused pronounced step bunching and elevated rms roughness, in contrast with the minimal effect observed at 900 °C. In experiments with hydrochloric acid addition at 900 °C, we observed a striped morphology, which maintained consistent rms roughness despite higher temperature.
A space-borne ultra-stable laser system with an excellent long-term frequency stability for gravitational wave detection
Authors: Chang Jialu , Wu Qiyue , Wang Zhiyuan , Zhang Jingxuan , Wei Qiang , Yuan Wenhao , Zhu Deyuan , Zhang Jiarui , Li Xuying , Wu Xinpeng , Lu Zehuang , Zhang Jie 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Ultra-stable lasers are pivotal in various scientific applications, notably in space gravitational wave detection projects. We develop a space-borne ultra-stable laser system based on a home-made non-planar ring oscillator (NPRO) laser and an ultra-stable cavity laser stabilization system. The ultra-stable cavity is a vertically mounted 8 cm long cavity, with tunable zero-crossing temperature and low vibrational sensitivity. To make a cavity with any standard grade ultra-low expansion glass (ULE) material, and tune the zero-crossing temperature to the satellite platform temperature, we design three ultra-stable cavities with different configurations to unambiguously explore their thermal properties. The measurement results meet the design goals well, and the zero-crossing temperature of the cavity can be tuned from

−

19

∘

C to 16.0 °C. We measure the temperature fluctuation noise through modulation experiment, and it agrees well with the theoretical simulations. The vibrational sensitivities in three directions are measured to be around 10−11 /g–10−10 /g. The total weight of the system is 14.0 kg, with a volume of about 18 L, and the power dissipation of the electrical system is 18.6 W. Finally, the prototype of the space-borne laser shows a frequency instability of 9.5

×

10

−
16

at 0.2 s, and the frequency noise is measured to be 3.6 Hz/Hz1/2 at 6 mHz over three months, satisfying the mission targets of all current space gravitational wave detection programs.
Optical disc structures and diffraction patterns: theoretical foundations and experimental applications
Authors: Cheng Yuhang , Zhang Li , Zhang Yaping 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This investigation advances the experimental exploration of optical discs’ diffraction phenomena, meticulously constructing optical pathways to ascertain the track pitch within the disc employing both transmission and reflection grating paradigms. Furthermore, this study devises a novel apparatus and methodology for the precise measurement of optical wavelengths, aiming to elucidate the intricate diffraction patterns and the underlying mechanisms of optical discs’ structure. This endeavor not only validates the methodological soundness and efficacy of the proposed approach but also pioneers new avenues for research into physics experiments leveraging optical discs. The application of optical discs in educational settings transcends traditional experimental pedagogy, fostering students’ capabilities to independently conceptualize experiments and delve into scientific explorations.
A derivation of the Schrödinger equation from Feynman’s path-integral formulation of quantum mechanics
Authors: Hendel Tal 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The equation of motion in the standard formulation of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, the Schrödinger equation, is based on the Hamiltonian. In contrast, in Feynman’s path-integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the equation of motion is the propagation equation, which is based on the Lagrangian. That these two different equations of motion are equivalent was shown by Feynman, who provided a derivation of the Schrödinger equation from the propagation equation. Surprisingly, however, while in classical mechanics there exists a simple relationship between the Hamiltonian and the Lagrangian, there is nothing in Feynman’s derivation that gives any indication of this relationship. Here I show that the equations of motion in the Hamiltonian and Lagrangian formulations of quantum mechanics are, in fact, simply related to each other.
Additional applications of the Lambert W function to solid state physics
Authors: Houari Ahmed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Analytical solutions are always desirable in physics for the sake of mathematical exactness and physical insight. In this study, I obtain closed-form analytical expressions for various physical quantities taken from solid state physics. More precisely, I derive analytical expressions in terms of the Lambert W function for the work function and the field-enhancement factor of a field emitting material from the Fowler–Nordheim equation. Additionally, I derive similar analytical expressions for the localization length and the density of states in amorphous semiconductors from the Mott hopping conductivity. Similarly, I also derive analytical formulae based on the Lambert W function to compute the extrinsic-intrinsic transition temperature in a partially compensated semiconductor and the Kondo exchange coupling constant. All the obtained results are exact and explicit. Moreover, some of them allow a direct determination of some physical quantities of interest compared to their indirect determination from semi-logarithmic experimental plots. The findings of this paper are accessible and suitable for students enrolled in graduate solid state physics courses.
Visualization of electromagnetic fields in a circular waveguide using Mathematica
Authors: Song Ya-Ju , Chai Meng-Yao , Wang Xin-Wen , Yuan Ji-Bing , Tang Shi-Qing , Liu Yan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper employs Mathematica for visualizing electromagnetic fields (EMF) in circular waveguides, effectively addressing pedagogical challenges related to theoretical abstraction and computational complexity. We first derive the exact solutions for guided modes, then summarize the steps for visualizing EMF using Mathematica, propose educational strategies, and showcase simulation results. The Mathematica code is provided, allowing for dynamic parameter adjustment and real-time field change observation. This approach significantly enhances undergraduate students’ understanding of electromagnetism through engaging visual and interactive learning experiences.
Lattice dynamics of 119Sn impurity in a bcc-Cr crystal
Authors: Dubiel Stanisław M , Hu Michael Y , Sternik Małgorzata , Ercan Alp E , Alatas Ahmet , Said Ayman , Parlinski Krzysztof , Piekarz Przemysław 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The chromium crystal doped with 119Sn isotope was studied using the nuclear resonance inelastic x-ray scattering and first principles calculations. The Sn partial phonon density of states (PDOS) was obtained for three temperatures that correspond to different magnetic states of Cr. At all temperatures, the energy spectrum consists of a broad band around 18 meV and a narrow peak at 43 meV. The additional peak around 39 meV is observed only in the magnetically ordered phases, indicating the influence of magnetic order in chromium on lattice dynamics. The partial PDOS calculated with the antiferromagnetic order on Cr atoms show a very good agreement with the experimental data. It is revealed that the high-energy peak is lying above the phonon spectra of the pure bcc-Cr crystal. These are the local modes with the increased energies due to a strongly reduced distance between Sn and the nearest-neighbor Cr atoms.
Hyperuniformity in Ashkin–Teller model
Authors: Mukherjee Indranil , Mohanty P K 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
We show that equilibrium systems in d dimension that obey the inequality

d
ν
>
2
,

known as Harris criterion, exhibit suppressed energy fluctuation in their critical state. Ashkin–Teller model is an example in d = 2 where the correlation length exponent ν varies continuously with the inter-spin interaction strength λ and exceeds the value

d
2

set by Harris criterion when λ is negative; there, the variance of the subsystem energy across a length scale l varies as

l

d
−
α

with hyperuniformity exponent

α
=
2
(
1
−

ν

−
1

)
.

Point configurations constructed by assigning unity to the sites which has coarse-grained energy beyond a threshold value also exhibit suppressed number fluctuation and hyperuniformiyty with same exponent

α
.
High spatiotemporal frame-straddling focusing schlieren imaging in a scramjet engine
Authors: Zhao Zhixin , Wang Xiaolong , Chen Mingjia , Wang Ze , Li Fan , Sun Mingbo , Zhu Jiajian , Zhou Bo 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Flow visualization in harsh environments such as a scramjet combustor featuring highly turbulent supersonic reactive flow with intensive luminescence emission is challenging and typically lack of sufficient spatiotemporal resolution that is essential for resolving flow dynamics. This study presents a development of a robust flow visualization technique with an exceptional spatiotemporal resolution in a scramjet combustor. By utilizing a customized LED light source, the short pulse duration along with a high peak power and a single-color emission ensures an instantaneous exposure with little background luminescence interference. Focusing schlieren image measurements with mitigated path-integration effect are successfully demonstrated in a scramjet engine combustor at instant, frame-straddling, and sequential temporal resolutions of 100 ns, 500 ns, and 26 μs, respectively, along with a megapixel imaging resolution. Consequently, in addition to flow visualization, it is worth highlighting that the exceptional spatiotemporal correlation resolved by present measurements exhibits attractive potentials of velocimetry for harsh high-speed flow environments.
Adaptive horizon size moving horizon estimation with unknown noise statistical properties
Authors: Wang Zhongxin , Liu Zhilin , Yuan Shouzheng , Li Guosheng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Moving horizon estimation (MHE) is an effective technique for state estimation. It formulates state estimation as an optimization problem over a finite time interval and is characterized by inherent robustness, flexibility, and explicit constraint handling capabilities. The horizon size is a crucial parameter influencing the estimation performance of MHE. However, the selection of the horizon size remains an open research question in the field of MHE. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive horizon size MHE strategy that dynamically adjusts the horizon size based on the value of the objective function. This approach aims to improve the state estimation performance of MHE in real-time applications. Unlike conventional MHE methods that rely on a fixed horizon size, our adaptive strategy enhances robustness against unknown noise statistics by adjusting the horizon size. We analyze the convergence property of the estimation error and provide guidelines for parameter design to ensure optimal performance. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are demonstrated through simulations involving an oscillatory system and a target tracking application under non-stationary noise conditions.
A verified training support vector machine in bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Liu Yuting , Gu Hong , Qin Pan 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The combination of support vector machine (SVM) and deep learning is widely used in bearing fault diagnosis. The SVM-based bearing fault diagnosis method usually uses features extracted from bearing vibration signals as input. However, environmental noise in industrial applications can affect the feature representation, potentially leading to failures in SVM-based fault diagnosis methods. Adversarial robustness verification methods can evaluate the robustness of models to small perturbations in feature representations. Certified defense methods achieve robustness enhancement by embedding adversarial robustness verification into the learning process of the model. Thus, we propose a certified defense method named verified training SVM (VT-SVM) based on Lagrange duality. The proposed method incorporates adversarial robustness verification into the SVM learning framework, thereby enhancing the robustness of SVM in noisy environments. First, the certified defense optimization problem of SVM is constructed by combining the original optimization problem of SVM with the adversarial robustness verification problem. Then, the certified defense optimization problem is converted into an equivalent convex quadratic programming problem by introducing slack variables. Next, the Lagrange duality is used to transform the convex quadratic programming problem into a dual problem. Finally, the solution to the original optimization problem can be obtained by solving the dual problem. We validate the effectiveness of VT-SVM on the artificial dataset, the rolling bearing dataset from Case Western Reserve University, and the VBL-VA001 dataset from Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology. Experimental results demonstrate that our method both ensures high predictive performance and improves the resistance of the model to small noise.