bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on stress evolution in the cooling process of micro hot embossing
Authors: Gomez Juan A , Lek Devanda , Song In-Hyouk , You Byoung Hee 
Published: December 2014

AbstractCooling of an embossed part has been recognized as one of the critical steps in the hot embossing of polymer microdevices. Numerical analysis was performed to study the stress developed in an embossed microstructure during the cooling process of hot embossing. A hemisphere-tipped post was selected as an example structure to demonstrate the stress evolution. The posts are located at 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm from the center of the embossed part. The results of the analysis showed that stresses of the posts increased as the radial locations of the post increased. In addition, the stress rapidly increased until the cooling time reached about 100.0 s. The maximum stresses of 28.9, 30.2, 32.3, and 34.5 MPa were estimated at the post locations of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mm from the center of the part, respectively. Experiments were performed to verify the numerical models. Undercut at the bottom of a post was observed as it was predicted in the numerical analysis.
Does a home treatment acute relapse prevention strategy reduce admissions for people with mania in bipolar affective disorder?
Authors: Murton Claudia , Cooper Michael , Dinniss Stephen , Roberts Shon , Booth Nicola , Newell Paul 
Published: December 2014

Aims and methodTo assess whether a home treatment team acute relapse prevention (ARP) strategy reduces admissions to hospital with mania. A retrospective design was used to analyse records for manic admissions since 2002. The number and length of admissions and detentions pre- and post-ARP were determined and rates of admissions and detentions calculated from this.ResultsWe found reductions in admission and detention rates following the introduction of the ARP: 0.3 fewer admissions per person per year (95% bootstrap CI 0.09–0.62) and 0.25 fewer detentions per person per year (95% bootstrap CI 0.0–0.48). Wilcoxon signed-rank tests gaveP< 0.0001.Clinical implicationsA person-centred care plan such as the ARP which enables quick action in response to relapse-warning signs of mania appears to reduce rates of admission to hospital. The ARP could be used anywhere in the UK and fits with current mental health policy.
Do regulated resident working hours affect medical graduate education? Trends in the American psychiatry board pass rates pre- and post-2003 duty hours regulations
Authors: Jain Gaurav , Dzara Kristina , Mazhar Mir Nadeem , Punwani Manisha 
Published: December 2014

Aims and methodTo assess trends of the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology examination pass rates before and after the 2003 duty hours regulations (DHR). We obtained the pass rates for part I and II for years 2000–2010. Data were divided pre-DHR (2000–2003) and post-DHR (2007–2010).ResultsDuring the pre-DHR period, first- and multiple-attempt group pass rates were 80.7% and 39.0% which changed in the post-DHR period to 89.7% and 39.1% respectively. Similarly for the part II exam, the pre-DHR first- and multiple-attempt group pass rates were 60.2% and 43.5% respectively, which increased to 78.7% and 53.8%, among the post-DHR group. Overall, there was a significant increase in the first-attempt candidates pass rates for parts I and II, whereas multiple-attempt candidates did not benefit as strongly.Clinical implicationsThe results suggest that the 2003 DHR may have had a positive impact on examination-based medical knowledge in psychiatry.
The ongoing need for local services for people with complex mental health problems
Authors: Killaspy Helen 
Published: December 2014

SummaryDespite developments in mental healthcare over recent decades, there remains a group of people with very complex needs who require lengthy admissions and high levels of support in the community on discharge. This is the group that mental health rehabilitation services focus on. In the context of contemporary mental health services that minimise in-patient lengths of stay, the needs of this group must not be overlooked. Providing a local, ‘whole system, integrated rehabilitation care pathway’ requires intelligent commissioning in order to avoid the social exclusion of this group to the ‘virtual asylum’ of out-of-area placements.
Trans Art in the 1990s
Authors: Singer T. Benjamin 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
In 2001, Ben Singer interviewed Jordy Jones about his role in shaping a vision of “Trans Art” in the 1990s and into the new millennium. Much of that discussion focused on curatorial concerns, such as the challenges of exerting creative control in community contexts and the importance of developing an audience in conversation with contemporary creative practice. Excerpts of this historical interview are presented here.
Trans on YouTube
Authors: Horak Laura 
Published: December 2014

AbstractFor the first time, media created by trans people is being produced, distributed, and consumed on a mass scale. This article argues that trans YouTube videos succeed because their formal strategies exploit the platform's penchant for the personal and the spectacular. Trans “talking head” videos expand the tradition of the feminist consciousness-raising documentary to establish trans youth as experts and create a sense of intimacy between vloggers and viewers. Transition videos become spectacular by displaying the subject's body in ways that affirm their felt gender and through dramatic temporal compression. These videos operate according to a temporality I call “hormone time.” While it is easy to decry the formulaic nature of trans YouTube videos, genre conventions help amateurs enter the field and attract new viewers. Trans youth creatively exploit the platform's predilections in order to author and affirm their bodies and selves, in the process generating far-flung communities of support.
The influence of diabetes mellitus on the post-operative outcome of elective primary total knee replacement
Authors: Yang Z. , Liu H. , Xie X. , Tan Z. , Qin T. , Kang P. 
Published: December 2014

Total knee replacement (TKR) is an effective method of treating end-stage arthritis of the knee. It is not, however, a procedure without risk due to a number of factors, one of which is diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to estimate the general prevalence of diabetes in patients about to undergo primary TKR and to determine whether diabetes mellitus adversely affects the outcome. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. The Odds Ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) were used to represent the estimate of risk of a specific outcome. Our results showed the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among patients undergoing TKR was 12.2%. Patients with diabetes mellitus had an increased risk of deep infection (OR = 1.61, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.38 to 1.88), deep vein thrombosis (in Asia, OR = 2.57, 95% CI, 1.58 to 4.20), periprosthetic fracture (OR = 1.89, 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.45), aseptic loosening (OR = 9.36, 95% CI, 4.63 to 18.90), and a poorer Knee Society function subscore (MD = -5.86, 95% CI, -10.27 to -1.46). Surgeons should advise patients specifically about these increased risks when obtaining informed consent and be meticulous about their peri-operative care.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1637–43.
‘Big data’ reporting guidelines
Authors: Perry D. C. , Parsons N. , Costa M. L. 
Published: December 2014

The extent and depth of routine health care data are growing at an ever-increasing rate, forming huge repositories of information. These repositories can answer a vast array of questions. However, an understanding of the purpose of the dataset used and the quality of the data collected are paramount to determine the reliability of the result obtained. This Editorial describes the importance of adherence to sound methodological principles in the reporting and publication of research using ‘big’ data, with a suggested reporting framework for future Bone & Joint Journal submissions. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2014;96-B:1575–7.
Assessment of Pedogenic Gibbsite as a Paleo-PCO2 Proxy Using a Modern Ultisol
Authors: Austin Jason C. , Schroeder Paul A. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe stable carbon isotope composition of CO2 occluded in the gibbsite structure is proposed as a potential atmospheric paleo-PCO2 proxy. Analysis of pedogenic gibbsite from a modern Ultisol in the Piedmont of Georgia, USA, was conducted to test the basis for this concept and to help constrain the parameters used to describe physical and biological processes affecting such factors as the respiration rate of CO2. Co-variation of the δ13C and δ18O values with depth along a gradient parallel to the mixing line between the atmosphere and the soil organic material implies that diffusion is the process that determines the stable isotope composition of soil CO2. In the upper 40 cm, the measured δ13C values are not consistent with the expected diffusive depth profile assumed in paleo-PCO2 models. The isotope signature is reset downward in the depth profile with a concentration of the most atmosphere-like δ13C and δ18O values occurring at the top of the Bt horizon by some as-yet-unknown process. Bioturbation, recrystallization, and physical translocation are potential explanations for this observation. Regardless of the process at work, the net effect is an apparent two-component mixing curve between the top of the Bt horizon and deep within the saprolite. In cases where the A horizon is eroded but the Bt horizon is preserved it is possible that δ13C values of gibbsite-occluded CO2 can serve as a proxy for atmospheric paleo-PCO2. Careful textural study of all paleosols is therefore essential to match stable carbon isotope signatures with the horizons preserved. Understanding of modern dynamics and preservation of these isotopic signatures may also be important for those that employ other carbonate proxies.
Promising Practices for Professional Development and School Reform Affecting Students With Complex Instructional Needs: Perceptions of an Expert Panel
Authors: Taub Deborah A. , White Julia M. , Ryndak Diane L. 
Published: December 2014

Abstract
Federal laws mandate students with disabilities, including students with complex instructional needs (SWCIN), be involved and progress in the general education curriculum and that schools be accountable for continuous and substantial improvement of academic achievement for all students. The limited research on teaching academic content to SWCIN indicates that they achieve more positive outcomes when standards aligned instruction occurs within general education contexts. However, long-term change for instruction in general education contexts typically seems to be personality dependent rather than embedded within a sustainable system. We present content analysis findings of an expert panel concerning one state's initiative to address these issues, organized around four themes: (a) defining inclusive practices, (b) rethinking instruction for SWCIN, (c) rethinking the individualized education program (IEP), and (d) building sustainable inclusive practices across a system. Finally, we extend the panelists' conclusions to provide implications for professional development, practice, policy and administrative procedures, monitoring the quality of services, and research.
The evolution of head structures in lower Diptera
Authors: Schneeberg Katharina , Beutel Rolf G 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe head of adult dipterans is mainly characterized by modifications and more or less far-reaching reductions of the mouthparts (e.g., mandibles and maxillae), linked with the specialization on liquid food and the reduced necessity to process substrates mechanically. In contrast, the compound eyes and the antennae, sense organs used for orientation and for finding a suitable mating partner and oviposition site, are well developed. Some evolutionary novelties are specific adaptations to feeding on liquefied substrates, such as labellae with furrows or pseudotracheae on their surface, and the strongly developed pre– and postcerebral pumping apparatuses. In some dipteran groups specialized on blood, the mandibles are still present as piercing stylets. They are completely reduced in the vast majority of families. Within the group far-reaching modifications of the antennae take place, with a strongly reduced number of segments and a specific configuration in Brachycera. The feeding habits and mouthparts of dipteran larvae are much more diverse than in the adults. The larval head is prognathous and fully exposed in the dipteran groundplan and most groups of lower Diptera. In Tipuloidea and Brachycera it is partly or largely retracted, and the sclerotized elements of the external head capsule are partly or fully reduced. The larval head of Cyclorrhapha is largely reduced. A complex and unique feature of this group is the cephaloskeleton. The movability of the larvae is limited due to the lack of thoracic legs. This can be partly compensated by the mouthparts, which are involved in locomotion in different groups. The mouth hooks associated with the cyclorrhaphan cephaloskeleton provide anchorage in the substrate.
»Das schönste Theater bleibt doch das Gericht.« – Todesstrafe und Talion im Drama Sammy Gronemanns
Authors: Kühne Jan 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBiblical death penalty becomes practically inapplicable through talmudic legislation, though it is supported by the authority of the Torah. Consequently, death penalty remains a potential means of punishment, at least theoretically so, constituting a motif in the dramatic texts of the German-Jewish Zionist, lawyer and writer Sammy Gronemann (1875–1952). Following his immigration to Tel Aviv in 1936, difficulties in the application of this topos and of »Talion« in general become apparent in his dramatic works, particularly with regard to Germany. In face of the emerging horrors of the Shoah, Gronemann struggled to preserve the humanist-talmudic moment of the suspension of death penalty. He did so despite Zionist attempts to return to the biblical origins of Judaism, with its implied denial of cultural achievement in the Diaspora.
»Heimat im Koffer.« – »Oder über das Emigrantendasein. (Falls nicht zu traurig).«
Authors: Schlör Joachim 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe idea to create and stage a play called »Heimat im Koffer« – »A home in the suitcase« – emerged, I presume, in Vienna shortly before Austria became part of National Socialist Germany in 1938: the plot involved the magical translocation of a typical Viennese coffeehouse, with all its inhabitants and with the songs they sang, to New York; their confrontation with American everyday life and musical traditions would create the humorous situations the authors hoped for. Since 1933, Robert Gilbert (Robert David Winterfeld, 1899–1978), the son of a famous Jewish musician and himself a most successful writer of popular music for film and operetta in Weimar Germany, found himself in exile in Vienna where he cooperated with the journalist Rudolf Weys (1898–1978) and the piano artist Hermann Leopoldi (1888–1959). Whereas Gilbert and Leopoldi emigrated to the United States and became a part of the German-Jewish and Austrian-Jewish emigré community of New York – summarizing their experience in a song about the difficulty to acquire the new language, »Da wär’s halt gut, wenn man Englisch könnt« (1943) – Weys survived the war years in Vienna. After 1945, Gilbert and Weys renewed their contact and discussed – in letters kept today within the collection of the Viennese Rathausbibliothek – the possibility to finally put »Heimat im Koffer« on stage. The experiences of exile, it turned out, proved to be too strong, and maybe too serious, for the harmless play to be realized, but the letters do give a fascinating insight into everyday-life during emigration, including the need to learn English properly, and into the impossibility to reconnect to the former life and art.
Surface effects at the nanoscale based on Gurtin’s theory: a review
Authors: Liu Jianlin , Wu Runni , Xia Re 
Published: December 2014

AbstractThe fields of nanotechnology and nanoscience are full of opportunities and challenges. The needed modification of classical continuum mechanics to account for the dramatically novel characteristics and phenomena determining the mechanical response of nanomaterials/structures remains an ambitious goal pursued by mechanics researchers. The theory of surface elasticity proposed by Gurtin and Murdoch has been shown to be an important tool in theoretical nanomechanics. In this paper, we present an overview of recent advances in application of surface elasticity theory at the nanoscale. In particular, we focus on the elastic and plastic deformation, vibration and buckling, fracture and contact behavior of nanoscale solids from one dimension to three dimensions. We hope that this contribution can provide a valuable insight into nanomechanics analysis methods by taking surface effects into account. The results may help to bridge the gap between conventional mechanics and findings from simulation and experiment, in such areas as multifunctional material and micro-electro-mechanical systems.
A note on the discrete approach for generalized continuum models
Authors: Kalampakas Antonios , Aifantis Elias C. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractGeneralized continuum theories for materials and processes have been introduced in order to account in a phenomenological manner for microstructural effects. Their drawback mainly rests in the determination of the extra phenomenological coefficients through experiments and simulations. It is shown here that a graphical representation of the local topology describing deformation models can be used to deduce restrictions on the phenomenological coefficients of the gradient elasticity continuum theories.
Evolution of Postoperative Edema in Alveolar Graft Performed with Bone Morphogenetic Protein (rhBMP-2)
Authors: Leal Claudia Resende , Calvo Adriana Maria , De Souza Faco Renato André , Da Cunha Bastos Júnior José Carlos , Yaedú Renato Yassutaka Faria , Da Silva Dalben Gisele , Carvalho Roberta Martinelli 
Published: December 2014

Objective To evaluate the evolution of facial edema in the postoperative period after alveolar graft surgeries performed with collagen membrane soaked with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in individuals with cleft lip and palate. Design Longitudinal prospective. Setting Tertiary craniofacial center. Participants One hundred fifty individuals submitted to alveolar graft. Interventions In the preoperative consultation and 4 days after surgery, the individuals were assessed as to age, professional performing the surgery, duration of the procedure, type of cleft, measurement of facial edema, mouth opening, and global evaluation of the postoperative period. Main Outcome Measures Statistical analysis was performed to compare the facial edema and different variables, at a significance level of .05. Results The maximum facial edema occurred between 3 and 4 days postoperatively, was inversely proportional to age and mouth opening, greater for female patients compared with male patients, for incomplete unilateral cleft lip and palate compared with other types of clefts, and for surgeon 1 compared with the other surgeons at some moment postoperatively. The surgeries were longer for complete unilateral and bilateral clefts. The difference was statistically significant for these variables. Conclusions The facial edema was influenced by the rhBMP-2 used in alveolar graft, and trismus was proportional to the intensity of facial edema.
Fashioning Japanese Subcultures
Authors: Kawamura Yuniya 
Published: December 2014

Western fashion has been widely appreciated and consumed in Tokyo for decades, but since the mid-1990s Japanese youth have been playing a crucial role in forming their own unique fashion communities and producing creative styles which have had a major impact on fashion globally.
Geographically and stylistically defined, subcultures such as Lolita in Harajuku, Gyaru and Gyaru-o in Shibuya, Age-jo in Shinjuku, and Mori Girl in Kouenji, reflect the affiliation and identities of their members, and have often blurred the boundary between professionals and amateurs for models, photographers, merchandisers and designers.
Based on insightful ethnographic fieldwork in Tokyo, Fashioning Japanese Subcultures is the first theoretical and analytical study on Japan's contemporary youth subcultures and their stylistic expressions. It is essential reading for students, scholars and anyone interested in fashion, sociology and subcultures.
Time window for postoperative reactive enhancement after resection of brain tumors: less than 72 hours
Authors: Lescher Stephanie , Schniewindt Sonja , Jurcoane Alina , Senft Christian , Hattingen Elke 
Published: December 2014

Object
Early postoperative MRI within 72 hours after brain tumor surgery is commonly used to assess residual contrast-enhancing tumor. The 72-hour window is commonly accepted because previous 1.5-T MRI studies have not found confounding postoperative reactive contrast enhancement in this time frame. The sensitivity to detect contrast enhancement increases with the field strengths. Therefore, the authors aimed to assess whether the 72-hour window is also appropriate for the MRI scanner with a field strength of 3 T.

Methods
The authors retrospectively analyzed findings on early postsurgical MR images acquired in 46 patients treated for high-grade gliomas. They performed 3-T MRI within 7 days before surgery and within 72 hours thereafter. The appearance of enhancement was categorized as postoperative reactive enhancement or tumoral enhancement by comparison with the pattern and location of presurgical enhancing tumor.

Results
Postoperative reactive enhancement was present in 15 patients (32.6%). This enhancement, not seen on presurgical MRI, had a marginal or leptomeningeal/dural pattern. In 13 patients (28.3%) postsurgical enhancement was found within the first 72 postoperative hours, with the earliest seen 22:57 hours after surgery. Subsequent MR scans in patients with postoperative reactive enhancement did not reveal tumor recurrence in these regions.

Conclusions
Postoperative reactive enhancement earlier than 72 hours after brain tumor surgery can be expected in about one-third of the cases in which a 3-T scanner is used. This might be due to the higher enhancement-to-brain contrast at higher field strengths. Therefore, the time window of 72 hours does not prevent reactive enhancement, which, however, can be recognized as such comparing it with presurgical enhancing tumor.