bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial Assessment of the Pathogenic Mechanisms of the Recently Identified Alzheimer Risk Loci
Authors: Holton Patrick , Ryten Mina , Nalls Michael , Trabzuni Daniah , Weale Michael E. , Hernandez Dena , Crehan Helen , Gibbs J. Raphael , Mayeux Richard , Haines Jonathan L. , Farrer Lindsay A. , Pericak‐Vance Margaret A. , Schellenberg Gerard D. ,   The Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium, Ramirez‐Restrepo Manuel , Engel Anzhelika , Myers Amanda J. , Corneveaux Jason J. , Huentelman Matthew J. , Dillman Allissa , Cookson Mark R. , Reiman Eric M. , Singleton Andrew , Hardy John , Guerreiro Rita 
Published: January 2013

SummaryRecent genome wide association studies have identified CLU, CR1, ABCA7 BIN1, PICALM and MS4A6A/MS4A6E in addition to the long established APOE, as loci for Alzheimer's disease. We have systematically examined each of these loci to assess whether common coding variability contributes to the risk of disease. We have also assessed the regional expression of all the genes in the brain and whether there is evidence of an eQTL explaining the risk. In agreement with other studies we find that coding variability may explain the ABCA7 association, but common coding variability does not explain any of the other loci. We were not able to show that any of the loci had eQTLs within the power of this study. Furthermore the regional expression of each of the loci did not match the pattern of brain regional distribution in Alzheimer pathology. Although these results are mainly negative, they allow us to start defining more realistic alternative approaches to determine the role of all the genetic loci involved in Alzheimer's disease.
Randomized, blinded study to assess the effect of povidone‐iodine on the groin wound of patients undergoing primary varicose vein surgery
Authors: Walker Stuart R. , Smith Anne 
Published: January 2013

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to assess the effect of povidone‐iodine on the groin wounds of patients undergoing primary varicose vein surgery.MethodsThis is a prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled study on patients undergoing primary saphenofemoral ligation. Patients were randomized to a povidone‐iodine (Betadine; Pfizer, West Ryde, Australia)‐soaked surgical gauze placed in the open wound or a saline‐soaked gauze placed in the wound. Patients were then followed up weekly for 6 weeks to observe for signs of wound infection.ResultsSixty‐eight legs in 49 patients were recruited. Thirty‐seven groin wounds were randomized to saline and 32 to Betadine. There was a reduced incidence of groin wound infections in those randomized to Betadine (3 versus 1), but this was not statistically significant (P = 0.4).ConclusionAlthough there may be a trend towards a lower wound infection rate when povidone‐iodine is use in surgical wounds, this is not significant for varicose vein surgery.
Change in risk status during labor in a large Norwegian obstetric department: a prospective study
Authors: Lippert Tonje , Nesje Ellen , Koss Karen Sofie , Øian Pål 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to observe risk status on admission to hospital and change in risk status during labor.DesignA prospective observational study allocating all women into low‐risk and high‐risk groups on admittance to hospital and during labor based on prespecified risk criteria.SettingDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology in a district hospital.PopulationAll 6406 deliveries from 2 May 2004 to 30 September 2006.MethodsA special form was filled out for all women admitted to the department in labor classifying them as either low or high risk. A change in risk status during labor was also recorded.Main outcome measuresRisk status (low and high risk) on admittance to hospital and change in risk status during first stage of labor.ResultsOn admittance, 67% of women with an intended vaginal delivery were low risk. During the first stage of labor, 41% of the low‐risk women changed risk status. Use of epidural anesthesia gave rise to 73% of the risk changes during the first stage of labor and use of oxytocin caused 12%.ConclusionsTwo‐thirds of the women were low risk before labor, and 39% of these remained low‐risk at the end of the first stage of labor. The main reason for a change of risk status in the obstetric department was the use of epidural anesthesia.
Differential developmental programming by early protein restriction of rat skeletal muscle according to its fibre‐type composition
Authors: da Silva Aragão R. , Guzmán‐Quevedo O. , Pérez‐García G. , Toscano A. E. , Gois Leandro C. , Manhães‐de‐Castro R. , Bolaños‐Jiménez F. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimsDifferences in fibre‐type composition of skeletal muscle have been associated with obesity and insulin resistance. As a poor nutrient environment early in life is a predisposing factor for the development of obesity and related metabolic diseases at adulthood, this study aimed at determining the long‐term consequences of maternal undernutrition on the structural and metabolic properties of two skeletal muscles characterized by their different fibre‐type composition and metabolic properties.MethodsThe fibre‐type composition and enzymatic activities of hexokinase (HK), beta‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (β‐HAD) and citrate synthase (CS) were measured in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from adult rats born to dams fed a control (17% protein) or a low‐protein [8% protein (PR)] diet throughout pregnancy and lactation. In addition, the expression levels of several genes regulating glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis were determined by real‐time PCR.ResultsProtein rats exhibited enhanced density of type II fibres along with decreased rate of fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis in soleus but not EDL. Malnourished rats exhibited also a different gene expression profile in soleus and EDL. Altogether, these alterations correspond to a state of energy deficiency and are present in animals which do not show yet any sign of obesity or glucose intolerance.ConclusionWe conclude that maternal protein restriction alters in the long term the structural and enzymatic properties of offspring skeletal muscle in a fibre‐type‐dependent manner. These alterations might have a causative role in the development of obesity and related metabolic disorders later in life.
Use of ultrasound‐guided autologous bone marrow transfer for treatment of suspensory ligament desmitis in 30 race horses (2003–2010)
Authors: Hall MS , Vasey JR , Russell JW , Russell T 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo evaluate the racing performance of horses that underwent ultrasound‐guided intralesional injection of autologous bone marrow aspirate for treatment of selected forelimb suspensory ligament (body or branch) core lesions.DesignRetrospective cohort study of 13 Standardbred and 17 Thoroughbred race horses.MethodsAutologous bone marrow aspirated from the sternebrae was injected, under ultrasound guidance, into suspensory ligament core lesions (body or branch). Racing records were reviewed for a comparison of performance before and after surgery.ResultsOf the 13 Standardbreds, 9 (69%) had one or more starts within the follow‐up period and 9 (69%) had five or more starts. Of the 17 Thoroughbreds, 15 (88%) had one or more starts within the follow‐up period and 12 (71%) had five or more starts. Eight Standardbred horses had at least one start both before and after surgery. Earnings per start did not differ significantly between the three starts immediately after surgery compared with the three starts immediately prior to surgery. Thirteen Thoroughbred horses had at least one start both before and after surgery. Earnings per start were less for the three starts immediately after surgery compared with the three starts immediately prior to surgery.Conclusions and clinical relevanceA horse with a core lesion in the branch or body of the suspensory ligament has a good prognosis for return to racing after treatment with intralesional injection of bone marrow aspirate.
Gene expression alterations in bipolar disorder postmortem brains
Authors: Chen Haiming , Wang Nulang , Zhao Xin , Ross Christopher A , O’Shea K Sue , McInnis Melvin G 
Published: January 2013

Objectives:  Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mental illness of unknown neuropathology and has several genetic associations. Antipsychotics are effective for the treatment of acute mania, psychosis, or mixed states in individuals with BD. We aimed to identify gene transcripts differentially expressed in postmortem brains from antipsychotics‐exposed individuals with BD (hereafter the ‘exposed’ group), non‐exposed individuals with BD (hereafter the ‘non‐exposed’ group), and controls.Methods:  We quantified the abundance of gene transcripts in postmortem brains from seven exposed individuals, seven non‐exposed individuals, and 12 controls with the Affymetrix U133P2 GeneChip microarrays and technologies. We applied a q‐value of ≤0.005 to identify statistically significant transcripts with mean abundance differences between the exposed, non‐exposed and control groups.Results:  We identified 2191 unique genes with significantly altered expression levels in non‐exposed brains compared to those in the control and exposed groups. The expression levels of these genes were not significantly different between exposed brains and controls, suggesting a normalization effect of antipsychotics on the expression of these genes. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed significant (Bonferroni p ≤ 0.05) clustering of subgroups of the 2191 genes under many GO terms; notably, the protein products of genes enriched are critical to the function of synapses, affecting, for example, intracellular trafficking and synaptic vesicle biogenesis, transport, release and recycling, as well as organization and stabilization of the node of Ranvier.Conclusions:  These results support a hypothesis of synaptic and intercellular communication impairment in BD. The apparent normalization of expression patterns with exposure to antipsychotic medication may represent a physiological process that relates both to etiology and improvement patterns of the disorder.
Rehabilitation service utilization in children and youth with cerebral palsy
Authors: Majnemer A. , Shikako‐Thomas K. , Lach L. , Shevell M. , Law M. , Schmitz N. , Poulin C. ,   QUALA Group
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo describe the pattern of use of rehabilitation services in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP), and to identify factors associated with use.MethodsIn this study, parents of 91 school‐age children and 167 adolescents with CP completed a questionnaire regarding educational and rehabilitation resources received within the last 6 months. Rehabilitation services included occupational therapy (OT), physical therapy (PT), speech language pathology (SLP), psychology and special education. Demographic characteristics were documented and developmental and functional status was assessed. Relationships between service utilization and sociodemographic factors, functioning and school setting were determined.ResultsOver half of children (53.2%) and adolescents (57.5%) were in regular schools; however, 41% of these required special education resources. The remainder (42.5–46.8%) was in special schools. The majority of children (84.6%) were receiving at least one rehabilitation service although this decreased (68.1%) in adolescence. PT and OT were most common and services were provided predominantly in the school setting. Services were primarily weekly direct interventions at school age, with weekly interventions or consultations most common for adolescents. Younger age was associated with service receipt at school age only. Children with greater motor limitations, lower IQ and greater activity limitations were more likely to receive OT, PT, SLP or special education. Children in segregated schools were significantly more likely to receive rehabilitation services, when compared with children in regular schools.ConclusionsThe majority of children and youth received one or more services. Individuals with greater motor or cognitive challenges were more likely to receive a range of school‐based services from rehabilitation specialists. When compared with children of school age, adolescents were less likely to receive services and when provided, services were more likely to be consultative. Services may need to be more optimally organized through childhood to enhance benefits to children with CP across activity limitation profiles.
A 5‐ to 6‐year radiological evaluation of titanium plasma sprayed/sandblasted and acid‐etched implants: results from private practice
Authors: Dam Hamasat Gheddaf , Najm Semaan Abi , Nurdin Nathalie , Bischof Mark , Finkelman Matthew , Nedir Rabah 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to determine bone level changes after 5–6 years of follow‐up for a large group of one‐stage dental implants consecutively placed in private practice. Potential confounding factors influencing crestal bone loss (CBL) were also assessed.Materials and methodsA total of 378 transmucosal Straumann® implants in 174 patients were examined radiographically. Half of the study population (189 implants) had a titanium plasma sprayed (TPS) surface, and the other half (189 implants) were sandblasted and acid‐etched (SLA). Mean CBL was measured from 5 to 6 years post‐operative radiographs on the basis of known implant landmarks. Correlations of increased CBL with various independent variables were also investigated. Statistical analyses were performed using generalized estimating equations.ResultsRadiographic measurements showed a CBL ≤ 1.5 mm for 65% of studied implants. A CBL > 1.5 mm was found for 28% of implants, while 7% of implants had a CBL ≥ 3 mm. Three factors significantly influenced CBL (P < 0.05): implant surface texture (TPS > SLA), smoking status (smokers > non‐smokers), and implant location (anterior > posterior).ConclusionsCBL was ≤1.5 mm after 5–6 years for the majority of followed implants. For implants with a CBL > 1.5 mm, statistically significant correlations were found for TPS surface type, anterior jaw locations, and smoking. Implant length did not influence CBL.
Recommendations for healthier hydration: addressing the public health issues of obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Armstrong L. E. , Barquera S. , Duhamel J. ‐F. , Hardinsyah R. , Haslam D. , Lafontan M. 
Published: January 2013

SummaryGiven the rapid increase in the prevalence of overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes and other obesity‐related conditions across the world, despite a plethora of evidence‐based guidance for clinicians, innovative campaigns aimed at the general public and widespread government public health initiatives, it is clear that a novel approach is required. The importance of fluid intake has been overlooked in campaigns and guidelines and also in the clinical setting, where the question ‘what do you drink?’ is often omitted. It is a significant oversight that food pyramids and healthy‐eating plates across the world omit fluids from their graphics and advice. While guidelines include recommendations on changes in physical activity and diet, often little or no advice is offered on the importance of healthier hydration practices, neglecting to highlight the contribution of beverages high in sugar, alcohol or additives. An interdisciplinary group of experts in medicine, nutrition, physiology and public health discussed issues surrounding healthy‐hydration practices in March 2010 in Paris to create a consensus statement on hydration and gain of body weight and provide recommendations.
Essentialist Beliefs About Bodily Transplants in the United States and India
Authors: Meyer Meredith , Leslie Sarah‐Jane , Gelman Susan A. , Stilwell Sarah M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractPsychological essentialism is the belief that some internal, unseen essence or force determines the common outward appearances and behaviors of category members. We investigated whether reasoning about transplants of bodily elements showed evidence of essentialist thinking. BothAmericans andIndians endorsed the possibility of transplants conferring donors' personality, behavior, and luck on recipients, consistent with essentialism. Respondents also endorsed essentialist effects even when denying that transplants would change a recipient's category membership (e.g., predicting that a recipient of a pig's heart would act more pig‐like but denying that the recipient wouldbecomea pig). This finding runs counter to predictions from the strongest version of the “minimalist” position (Strevens,2000), an alternative to essentialism. Finally, studies asking about a broader range of donor‐to‐recipient transfers indicated thatIndians essentialized more types of transfers thanAmericans, but neither sample essentialized monetary transfer. This suggests that results from bodily transplant conditions reflect genuine essentialism rather than broader magical thinking.
Species richness and representation in protected areas of theWestern hemisphere: discrepancies between checklists and range maps
Authors: Cantú‐Salazar Lisette , Gaston Kevin J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimWe use data based on species checklists and geographical range maps for 3096 amphibian, 4100 bird and 1878 terrestrial mammal species to explore possible discrepancies in estimates of species richness for protected areas. We predict substantial differences between checklist and range map richness for smaller areas, where higher errors of commission from range maps are likely to occur. We also explore how discrepancies between species inventories and range maps may affect assessments of reserve prioritization and representation.LocationContinental America and associated islands.MethodsWe obtained species numbers based on checklists for 619 protected areas from a variety of sources, including management plans, technical reports, environmental assessments, official websites, biodiversity databases and conservation agencies, and evaluated how these correlate with species richness estimates from geographical range map databases, also testing for an effect of reserve size on range map omission and commission errors.ResultsSpecies richness estimates obtained from checklists and range maps showed a significant positive relationship for all three groups of vertebrates, although for most protected areas, estimates of richness from range overlap maps tended to be overestimates, especially for amphibians and mammals in species‐rich regions. Protected area size explained little of the discrepancies between checklist and range map richness. Species representation in protected areas based on checklists was in general lower than representation based on range maps.Main conclusionsOur results suggest that range maps, although far from perfect, have the advantage of reducing geographical biases and filling gaps that exist in point locality data at least in species‐rich protected areas, while most available checklists in these regions were extremely variable in quality and availability, lacking of basic information on survey design, reliability and completeness. However, range maps will likely overestimate species representation in protected areas and should thus be treated with caution in this context.
Topographic wetness index predicts the occurrence of bird species in floodplains
Authors: Besnard A. G. , La Jeunesse I. , Pays O. , Secondi J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimSelecting informative variables is crucial for species distribution modelling and ecological studies in general. Proxies quantifying water accumulation may have suitable properties because hydromorphy partly determines plant and animal communities. Topographic wetness index (TWI) was developed to locate wetlands but has largely been ignored from ecological studies despite the value of these areas for biodiversity and the ecosystem services they provide. We assessed here the ability of TWI to predict the occurrence of grassland passerines and tested different settings to determine which was the best predictor for our dataset.LocationFloodplain meadows in the Loire valley, France, Western Europe.MethodsWe recorded the occurrence of four grassland passerines on 64 transects in large hay meadow patches. We computed four TWIs based on digital elevation models (DEMs). TWIs compute water accumulation as a function of slope and catchment. We tested two DEM resolutions (50 m and 250 m) and four TWI algorithms to identify which combination yielded the best model fits to our dataset.ResultsResults depended on the predictor settings and the species considered. TWI predicted the occurrence of the Whinchat, the most specialized species, and the combined occurrence of the others three passerines. One TWI algorithm (SWI) yielded the poorest fit, and we could not determine the best algorithm among the others three. The coarser DEM resolution (250 m pixel size) also yielded better fitting model than the finer resolution (50 m).Main conclusionsTopographic wetness index appears as an informative predictor of species occurrence, at least for the Whinchat, and a useful proxy to detect suitable areas for floodplain grassland birds. This family of indices may improve our ability to model the habitat of wetlands species. However, DEM resolution and algorithm should be selected with caution as they may impact the predictive potential of the proxy.
Using plant distributions to predict the current and future range of a rare lizard
Authors: Delean Steven , Bull C. Michael , Brook Barry W. , Heard Lee M. B. , Fordham Damien A. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAimTo investigate the use of bioclimatic envelope models for predicting distributions of species that have experienced severe human‐induced geographical range contractions. Bioclimatic envelope model predictions of current and future distributions were contrasted with those from models that used biotic indicators of suitable habitat as predictors rather than climate.LocationTemperate grassy woodlands of South Australia.MethodsWe modelled the distribution of two native grassland plant species, key habitat indicators of the endangered and geographically restricted pygmy bluetongue lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis), using climate and landscape variables with aggregated boosted regression trees. We forecast annual changes in the plant species distributions from 2000 to 2100 under a no‐climate‐policy ‘Reference’ scenario (high global greenhouse gas emissions) and a climate stabilization ‘Policy’ scenario. We compared current and future predicted distributions of the lizard estimated directly using bioclimatic envelope models with those derived indirectly from climate‐driven changes in habitat suitability of the grassland plant species with which the lizard has a strong association (termed plant‐habitat models).ResultsBoth coupled plant‐habitat models and bioclimatic envelope models described the current distribution of the pygmy bluetongue lizard almost equally well; however, future projections of changes in the species range were markedly more pessimistic (i.e. greater range contraction) for bioclimatic envelope models. Further, bioclimatic envelope models that included interactions among variables projected rapid increases in area of occupancy that are unlikely to be attainable given dispersal constraints, but no such increases were projected from plant‐habitat models.Main conclusionsCapturing species–environment relationships for threatened and range‐restricted species using surrogate biotic variables that represent resource requirements of the focal species – which themselves respond to environmental variation and are in stable equilibrium – allows more confident and ecologically realistic forecasts of potential range changes for species most susceptible to climate change.