bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro and in vivo study of dolichyl phosphate on the efflux activity of P‐glycoprotein at the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Ji Bian‐Sheng , Cen Juan , Liu Lu , He Ling 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIt has been commonly recognized that accumulated amyloid‐β (Aβ) in the brain plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since the deficiency of the P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) in AD may aggravate Aβ deposition and the P‐gp reversal agents display lower selectivity of the action, to selectively restore activity of the efflux pump is eagerly required. This study was designed to investigate the influence of dolichyl‐phosphate (dolichyl‐P) on the P‐gp at the BBB. The results revealed that treatment with dolichyl‐P increased transendothelial transfer of Rhodamine123 (Rh123) and Aβ42 from the apical compartment to the basolateral compartment but reduced that from the basolateral compartment to the apical compartment in the co‐culture of rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (rBMECs) and astrocytes, down regulated P‐gp expression in rBMECs and significantly elevated content of Rh123 in rat cortex and hippocampus tissues. The present results implied that accumulated dolichyl‐P in the brain may exert an important role in the depression of the P‐gp at the BBB, which may suggest valuable clues to promote function of the pump at the BBB in AD.
FERTILITY TRANSITION AND ADVERSE CHILD SEX RATIO IN DISTRICTS OF INDIA
Authors: MOHANTY SANJAY K. , RAJBHAR MAMTA 
Published: October 2013

SummaryDemographic research in India over the last two decades has focused extensively on fertility change and gender bias at the micro-level, and less has been done at the district level. Using data from the Census of India 1991–2011 and other sources, this paper shows the broad pattern of fertility transition and trends in the child sex ratio in India, and examines the determinants of the child sex ratio at the district level. During 1991–2011, while the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) declined by 1.2 children per woman, the child sex ratio fell by 30 points in the districts of India. However, the reduction in fertility was slower in the high-fertility compared with the low-fertility districts. The gender differential in under-five mortality increased in many districts of India over the study period. The decline in the child sex ratio was higher in the transitional compared with the low-fertility districts. The transitional districts are at higher risk of a low child sex ratio due to an increased gender differential in mortality and increase in the practice of sex-selective abortions. The sex ratio at birth and gender differential in mortality explains one-third of the variation, while region alone explains a quarter of the variation in the child sex ratio in the districts of India.
Vestibular functioning and migraine: comparing those with and without vertigo to a normal population
Authors: Baker B J , Curtis A , Trueblood P , Vangsnes E 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjective:This study compared vestibular functioning in a migrainous vertigo group, a migraine without vertigo group and a control group. It was hypothesised that the migrainous vertigo group would perform worse in tests of vestibular function and gait than the other groups during a non-migrainous period.Methods:Sixty-six participants (22 per group) were assessed using the head shake sensory organisation test, the gaze stabilisation test, the dynamic visual acuity test and the functional gait assessment. Separate analyses of variance and planned pair-wise comparisons (alpha = 0.05) were performed.Results:There was a difference between the results of the non-migraine group and the two migraine groups for the gaze stabilisation pitch test (p < 0.003), in which the control group showed faster head movement. There were also group differences in functional gait (p < 0.0001); the control group scored highest and the migrainous vertigo group scored lowest. There were no differences in the vestibular spinal reflex and balance tests.Conclusion:These findings indicate underlying differences in the vestibular ocular reflexes and function of migraine sufferers compared with those who do not suffer migraines, but the difference is most pronounced for those with migrainous vertigo. This suggests that vestibular rehabilitation for migrainous vertigo should focus on vestibular ocular reflexes and functional retraining.
Surface engineered porous silicon for stable, high performance electrochemical supercapacitors
Authors: Oakes Landon , Westover Andrew , Mares Jeremy W. , Chatterjee Shahana , Erwin William R. , Bardhan Rizia , Weiss Sharon M. , Pint Cary L. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSilicon materials remain unused for supercapacitors due to extreme reactivity of silicon with electrolytes. However, doped silicon materials boast a low mass density, excellent conductivity, a controllably etched nanoporous structure and combined earth abundance and technological presence appealing to diverse energy storage frameworks. Here, we demonstrate a universal route to transform porous silicon (P-Si) into stable electrodes for electrochemical devices through growth of an ultra-thin, conformal graphene coating on the P-Si surface. This graphene coating simultaneously passivates surface charge traps and provides an ideal electrode-electrolyte electrochemical interface. This leads to 10–40X improvement in energy density and a 2X wider electrochemical window compared to identically-structured unpassivated P-Si. This work demonstrates a technique generalizable to mesoporous and nanoporous materials that decouples the engineering of electrode structure and electrochemical surface stability to engineer performance in electrochemical environments. Specifically, we demonstrate P-Si as a promising new platform for grid-scale and integrated electrochemical energy storage.
Autism Spectrum Disorder: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Mirenda Pat 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
This paper describes recent changes to the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) that may affect AAC service availability to individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Social Communication Disorder, a new diagnostic category. In addition, it provides a summary of research on the proportion of individuals with ASD who do not develop functional speech and, thus, rely on AAC. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of conventional literacy instruction for this population, with specific attention to the need to provide alternatives to handwriting, based on recent research.
Number sense in infancy predicts mathematical abilities in childhood
Authors: Starr Ariel , Libertus Melissa E. , Brannon Elizabeth M. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
The uniquely human mathematical mind sets us apart from all other animals. How does this powerful capacity emerge over development? It is uncontroversial that education and environment shape mathematical ability, yet an untested assumption is that number sense in infants is a conceptual precursor that seeds human mathematical development. Our results provide the first support for this hypothesis. We found that preverbal number sense in 6-month-old infants predicted standardized math scores in the same children 3 years later. This discovery shows that number sense in infancy is a building block for later mathematical ability and invites educational interventions to improve number sense even before children learn to count.
Prediction and experimental validation of enzyme substrate specificity in protein structures
Authors: Amin Shivas R. , Erdin Serkan , Ward R. Matthew , Lua Rhonald C. , Lichtarge Olivier 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceMany proteins solved by Structural Genomics have low sequence identity to other proteins and cannot be assigned functions. To address this problem, we present a computational approach that creates structural motifs of a few evolutionarily important residues, and these motifs probe local geometric and evolutionary similarities in other protein structures to detect functional similarities. This approach does not require prior knowledge of functional mechanisms and is highly accurate in computational benchmarks when annotations rely on homologs with low sequence identity. We further demonstrate the accuracy of this approach using biochemical and mutagenesis studies to validate two predictions of unannotated proteins.
Long-term fate of nitrate fertilizer in agricultural soils
Authors: Sebilo Mathieu , Mayer Bernhard , Nicolardot Bernard , Pinay Gilles , Mariotti André 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Fertilizers are of key importance to sustain modern agriculture, but the long-term fate of fertilizer-derived nitrogen in the plant–soil–water system is not fully understood. This long-term tracer study revealed that three decades after application of isotopically labeled fertilizer N to agricultural soils in 1982, 12–15% of the fertilizer-derived N was still residing in the soil organic matter, while 8–12% of the fertilizer N had already leaked toward the groundwater. Part of the remaining fertilizer N still residing in the soil is predicted to continue to be taken up by crops and to leak toward the groundwater in the form of nitrate for at least another five decades, much longer than previously thought.
Effects of childhood poverty and chronic stress on emotion regulatory brain function in adulthood
Authors: Kim Pilyoung , Evans Gary W. , Angstadt Michael , Ho S. Shaun , Sripada Chandra S. , Swain James E. , Liberzon Israel , Phan K. Luan 
Published: October 2013

SignificanceChildhood poverty has been linked to emotion dysregulation, which is further associated with negative physical and psychological health in adulthood. The current study provides evidence of prospective associations between childhood poverty and adult neural activity during effortful attempts to regulate negative emotion. Adults with lower family income at age 9 exhibited reduced ventrolateral and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity and failure to suppress amygdala activation at age 24. Chronic stressor exposure across childhood mediated the relations between family income at age 9 and prefrontal cortex activity. The concurrent adult income, on the other hand, was not associated with neural activity. The information on the developmental timing of poverty effects and neural mechanisms may inform early interventions aimed at reducing health disparities.
Cleavage strongly influences whether soluble HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers adopt a native-like conformation
Authors: Ringe Rajesh P. , Sanders Rogier W. , Yasmeen Anila , Kim Helen J. , Lee Jeong Hyun , Cupo Albert , Korzun Jacob , Derking Ronald , van Montfort Thijs , Julien Jean-Philippe , Wilson Ian A. , Klasse Per Johan , Ward Andrew B. , Moore John P. 
Published: October 2013

Significance
Trimeric forms of HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins are being used for structural and vaccine studies. The most common way to make these proteins is to eliminate the cleavage site between the glycoprotein (gp)120 and gp41 subunits. We show that doing so creates trimers that adopt irregular, nonnative configurations. Cleaved, stabilized trimers, in contrast, resemble the native spikes on the HIV-1 virus. Our findings will help structural and vaccine programs by showing how to make native-like trimers. The rationale for vaccine trials based on the use of uncleaved gp140 trimers should be reevaluated.
Numerical prediction and experimental studies on the influence of spunbonding processing parameters on the fiber diameter
Authors: Zhao Bo 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The polymer air-drawing model of spunbonding nonwovens has been established. The influence of the density and the specific heat capacity of polymer melt at constant pressure changing with polymer temperature on the fiber diameter have also been studied. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– TDMA method is used to solve the difference equations.

Findings
– It can be concluded that a lower polymer throughput rate, a higher polymer melt initial temperature, a higher air initial temperature, and a higher air initial velocity can all produce finer fibers.

Originality/value
– The results also reveal the great potential for this research in the computer-assisted design of spunbonding technology.
Modeling number of firefighters responding to an incident using artificial neural networks
Authors: Sadeghi-Naini Ali , Asgary Ali 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– A feed-forward back-propagation neural network (NN) is proposed to model number of firefighters responding to different fire incidents. Such a predictor model can estimate number of firefighter personnel required to tackle new incidents. This a priori information at the time of dispatch can help saving unnecessary efforts in low-risk incidents while focussing on high-risk ones to reduce overall damages and injuries caused by the fire incidents.Design/methodology/approach– A fully connected multilayer NN was adapted as the prediction model. The network was trained on a large number of fire incident records reported in Toronto area between 2000 and 2006 and then its performance was evaluated on another set of never seen records. Two types of prediction were done to model number of responding personnel: a rough category prediction and an exact number prediction.Findings– Results obtained reported a very promising ability of this approach to model number of firefighters responding to a fire incident.Originality/value– Such a model can significantly reduce uncertainties on the requirements needed for tackling a fire incident once it is reported.
Human behaviour in fire: should the fire service stop telling and start listening?
Authors: Wales David , Frank Thompson Owain 
Published: October 2013

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to outline the work being carried out by Kent Fire and Rescue Service (KFRS) to build a comprehensive database of the behaviours and motivations of those experiencing accidental fires occurring in dwellings. It is an approach that is predicated upon the desire to listen to and learn from those who actually experience such fires.Design/methodology/approach– The work started with a qualitative pilot study, comprising ten semi-structured, in-depth interviews with those who experienced injuries in accidental dwelling fires (ADFs). This informed the design of the subsequent post-ADF questionnaire survey.Findings– The paper demonstrated a strong desire among interviewees to tackle the fire themselves. The paper highlights a number of risk factors and also found that decisions to call the fire service were often secondary to other aims and concerns, including issues related to shame and guilt.Research limitations/implications– The small sample size means that the data have no statistical validity.Practical implications– The project offers a variety of benefits to all aspects of the UK fire service. The work's success and national implications have generated a large amount of interest in the sector, resulting KFRS working with other fire and rescue services in South East England to adopt it as a regional project.Originality/value– The work marks, arguably, the first attempt in almost 30 years to develop a comprehensive understanding of human behaviour in dwelling fires.
A new generation of non-debt fixed-income finance
Authors: A. Graff Richard 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The development of standardized fixed-income securities and organized secondary markets in which to price and trade the securities is a widely recognized factor in the emergence of modern developed economies. However, the ongoing global financial crisis has exposed the existence of a fundamental and costly conflict between lender and borrower property rights when debt is securitized that has imperiled some fixed-income markets in their present form. This paper aims to suggest a new non-debt concept for fixed-income finance that avoids the conflict inherent in securitized debt.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper considers how to build the foundation of non-debt fixed-income technology on property law instead of contract law.

Findings
– Fixed-income products based on the new technology expose investors to lower loss risk than investors incur with analogous debt-based products. Such products could lower the cost of fixed-income finance and contribute to the global restoration of fixed-income market liquidity.

Research limitations/implications
– Variations in property law across venues imply that the new financial technology is not implementable in all legal systems.

Originality/value
– The new financial technology could represent an opportunity for the Islamic financial industry to expand its fixed-income horizons in the global financial markets. The upside both within and beyond the Islamic community could be dramatic.
Inter-organizational knowledge transfer: the perspective of knowledge governance
Authors: Fang Shih-Chieh , Yang Chen-Wei , Hsu Wen-Yen 
Published: October 2013

Purpose
– The main purposes of this study are to develop a knowledge governance mechanism-fit-barrier matrix mode to resolve transfer problems resulting from knowledge characteristics and to clarify the relationship among knowledge characteristics, barriers of knowledge transfer, and effective knowledge transfer in inter-organizational contexts.

Design/methodology/approach
– The vast literature on knowledge transfer in inter-organizational context has been reviewed. Moreover, to develop a theoretical framework, the authors developed a set of arguments based on literature pertaining to the knowledge-based view of knowledge characteristics and barriers and the response of network to inter-organizational knowledge transfer.

Findings
– Knowledge-based view of knowledge characteristics and barriers and knowledge governance may provide a new understanding for network organizations seeking effective knowledge transfer strategies in inter-organizational context.

Research limitations/implications
– The main contribution to organizational theory is extending information-processing theory to form a new strategic model for inter-organizational knowledge transfer.

Practical implications
– The fit model of governance mechanisms may help managers to make effective strategies for inter-organizational knowledge transfer.

Originality/value
– Theoretically, this paper extends Information Processing Theory to inter-organizational relationships research. The developed model here also helps to explain the importance of cognitive dimensions for successful inter-organizational knowledge transfer. In KM practice, the proposed well-developed strategic models may help managers to link inter-organizational knowledge transfer processes to business strategy, and validate of the way to convert the goal of making their network organizations more intelligent into a strategic action.
The peculiarities of knowledge management processes in SMEs: the case of Singapore
Authors: C.N. Wee Janet , Y.K. Chua Alton 
Published: October 2013

Purpose–The objectives of this study are two-fold. The first is to examine the peculiarities of KM processes that are unique in SMEs from three perspectives, namely knowledge creation, knowledge sharing and knowledge reuse. Secondly, to identify enablers and impediments of these KM processes that influence the competitiveness of SMEs.Design/methodology/approach–The study adopted a case study approach involving 21 participants comprising management staff and front-line employees from four Singaporean SMEs.Findings–The SME owner, rather than the employees, was found to be the key source and creator of knowledge and the sole driver of the KM processes. In SMEs, knowledge creation takes the form of innovative customized solutions to meet customers' needs; knowledge sharing occurs through cross functionality, overlapping roles, and facilitated by close physical proximity in open workspaces; and knowledge reuse is often made tacitly, where common knowledge is prevalently embedded within the KM processes of SMEs. The enablers of knowledge creation process rested largely on the owner's innovativeness, creativity and ability to acquire knowledge of the industry. Knowledge sharing processes are enabled by the awareness of roles, mutual respect and the level of trust among employees within the SME while knowledge reuse is fostered by close proximity of employees and the willingness and openness of the owner to impart his knowledge. The lack of the above enablement factors mentioned will hinder these KM processes.Research limitations/implications–The study is limited by the fact that data was collected from four SMEs in Singapore. Furthermore, only a small sample of staff from these SMEs was interviewed. Hence the findings need to be interpreted in light of such a scope.Practical implications–For SMEs, this research provides perspectives on the factors influencing KM processes, in particular, the importance of the owners' knowledge and leadership, the flexibility and adaptability of the organization, and open culture to enable the capitalization of its knowledge assets to survive and stay competitive. For practitioners, this paper reinforces the importance of the management owners' innovativeness, initiatives and support, and the level of social interaction and high level of trusts among employees in the SMEs to as enablers to effective KM processes in SMEs.Originality/value–To deepen on-going knowledge management research on SMEs, this paper provides insights and rich context to the distinctness of KM processes in SMEs.