bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process evaluation of podiatric treatment of patients with forefoot pain
Authors: van der Zwaard Babette C , Swagerman Wim JC , Vanwanseele Benedicte , Gorter Kees J , van der Horst Henriëtte E , Elders Petra JM 
Published: August 2013

AbstractBackgroundFoot pain is a common problem for people aged 50 and over and occurs more often in women than in men. About 60% of the foot problems are forefoot problems and slightly more than half of these patients seek medical help, mainly in the form of podiatric care. Podiatric treatment of forefoot problems is known to be heterogeneous. The aims of the present study are to describe the podiatric treatment of patients with forefoot pain and to evaluate the podiatric examination and treatment using an expert panel.MethodWe invited twenty‐five randomly selected subjects with forefoot problems who had received podiatric treatment in a pragmatic randomised clinical trial to participate in an analysis of their treatment by an expert panel. The panel retrospectively established the cause of the foot problem as well as the therapeutic goals and evaluated the treatment. These findings were compared to those reported by the treating podiatrist.ResultsTwo fundamentally different approaches were found in approach of podiatric examination; a functional approach (n =13) and a non‐functional approach (n =12). In nine cases the expert panel agreed with the cause recorded by the podiatrist. In five other cases the expert panel concluded that the treatment of the podiatrist was not consistent with the cause of the problem recorded by the podiatrist. Of the 10 patients for whom the podiatrist had recorded to have given shoe advice, only two were able to recollect the proper advice. Three patients did not remember receiving advice at all.ConclusionIn this study almost half of the podiatrists worked according to a non‐functional approach where the other half (like the expert panel) chose a functional strategy that analyses the underlying problem. Fundamental differences in treatment plans and thus heterogeneous treatments could be a consequence.
Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG mono-association suppresses human rotavirus-induced autophagy in the gnotobiotic piglet intestine
Authors: Wu Shaoping , Yuan Lijuan , Zhang Yongguo , Liu Fangning , Li Guohua , Wen Ke , Kocher Jacob , Yang Xingdong , Sun Jun 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Background
Human rotavirus (HRV) is the most important cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children. Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) reduces rotavirus infection and diarrhea. However, the molecular mechanisms of LGG-mediated protection from rotavirus infection are poorly understood. Autophagy plays an essential role in responses to microbial pathogens. However, the role of autophagy in HRV infection and LGG treatment is unknown. We hypothesize that rotavirus gastroenteritis activates autophagy and that LGG suppresses virus-induced autophagy and prevents intestinal damage in infected piglets.

Methods
We used LGG feeding to combat viral gastroenteritis in the gnotobiotic pig model of virulent HRV infection.

Results
We found that LGG feeding did not increase autophagy, whereas virus infection induced autophagy in the piglet intestine. Virus infection increased the protein levels of the autophagy markers ATG16L1 and Beclin-1 and the autophagy regulator mTOR. LGG treatment during viral gastroenteritis reduced autophagy marker expression to normal levels, induced apoptosis and partially prevented virus-induced tissue damage.

Conclusion
Our study provides new insights into virus-induced autophagy and LGG suppression of uncontrolled autophagy and intestinal injury. A better understanding of the antiviral activity of LGG will lead to novel therapeutic strategies for infant infectious diseases.
Screening and risk factors of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in critically ill adult patients receiving enteral nutrition
Authors: Wang Sheng , Ma Lijie , Zhuang Yugang , Jiang Bojie , Zhang Xiangyu 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Introduction
Malnutrition is a frequent problem associated with detrimental clinical outcomes in critically ill patients. To avoid malnutrition, most studies focus on the prevention of inadequate nutrition delivery, whereas little attention is paid to the potential role of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI). In this trial, we aim to evaluate the prevalence of EPI and identify its potential risk factors in critically ill adult patients without preexisting pancreatic diseases.

Methods
In this prospective cross-sectional study, we recruited 563 adult patients with critical illnesses. All details of the patients were documented, stool samples were collected three to five days following the initiation of enteral nutrition, and faecal elastase 1 (FE-1) concentrations were assayed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Blood samples were also taken to determine serum amylase and lipase activity.

Results
The percentages of recruited patients with EPI (FE-1 concentration <200 μg/g) and severe EPI (FE-1 concentration <100 μg/g) were 52.2% and 18.3%, respectively. The incidences of steatorrhea were significantly different (P < 0.05) among the patients without EPI, with moderate EPI (FE-1 concentration = 100 to 200 μg/g) and severe EPI (FE-1 concentration < 100 μg/g). Both multivariate logistic regression analysis and z-tests indicated that the occurrence of EPI was closely associated with shock, sepsis, diabetes, cardiac arrest, hyperlactacidemia, invasive mechanical ventilation and haemodialysis.

Conclusions
More than 50% of critically ill adult patients without primary pancreatic diseases had EPI, and nearly one-fifth of them had severe EPI. The risk factors for EPI included shock, sepsis, diabetes, cardiac arrest, hyperlactacidemia, invasive mechanical ventilation and haemodialysis.

Trial registration
NCT01753024
Coordinated induction of cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin E2 and hepatocyte growth factor by apoptotic cells prevents lung fibrosis
Authors: Yoon Young-So , Lee Ye-Ji , Choi Ji-Yeon , Cho Min-Sun , Kang Jihee Lee 
Published: August 2013

ABSTRACTApoptotic cell instillation after bleomycin induces persistent HGF production and protects from pulmonary fibrosis, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. We investigated immediate and prolonged effects of in vivo instillation of apoptotic cells into bleomycin-stimulated mouse lungs (2 days old) on COX-2 expression in lung tissue and alveolar macrophages and PGE2 production in BALF. Furthermore, functional interaction between these molecules and HGF, following apoptotic cell instillation in a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model, was assessed. Apoptotic cell instillation results in enhanced immediate and prolonged expression of COX-2 and PGE2 when compared with those from bleomycin-only-treated mice. Coadministration of the COX-2-selective inhibitor NS398 or the selective PGE2R EP2 inhibitor AH6809 inhibited the increase in HGF production. Inhibition of HGF signaling using PHA-665752 inhibited increases in COX-2 and PGE2. Long-term inhibition of COX-2, PGE2, or HGF reversed the reduction of TGF-β, apoptotic and MPO activities, protein levels, and hydroxyproline contents. Up-regulation of COX-2/PGE2 and HGF through a positive-feedback loop may be an important mechanism whereby apoptotic cell instillation exerts the net results of anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antifibrotic action.
THE PRACTICE OF EFFECTIVE INCENTIVES
Authors: Комаров Евгений , Komarov Evgeniy 
Published: August 2013

This article shows the experience of famous Mary Kay Cosmetics to encourage staff. This experience will be useful for each enterprise and each manager.
Not every manager can create an effective system of incentives for staff. One of the reasons of this fact is that they forgot the time, when they were subordinates, and their perceptions of incentives and disincentives. “Return to the subordinate” is a useful method for assessing the pros and cons of the system of incentives. It is also useful to get acquainted with the practice of effective stimulation and to compare it with your own.
Returns from the margins: Little Edie Beale and the legacy of Grey Gardens
Authors: Adair David , Boyd Annita 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Too often, innovation in style has been thought of in terms of either top/down or bottom/up movements of ideas. The continuing interest in Edie Bouvier Beale of Grey Gardens as a style innovator is an opportunity to question this orthodoxy. This article seeks to understand the myriad ways in which Edie challenged the rules of acceptable behaviour and dress. It also deals with her recent recuperation and rehabilitation into a cultural icon. Edie’s image has come to us via numerous reiterations, beginning with the Maysles Brothers’ 1975 documentary Grey Gardens. It is through these retellings that Edie as a creative force has recirculated and gained mythic status. Edie played with inversion of categories, and bodily and geographical zones: wearing too-small skirts upside down; cardigans wrapped as turbans around her head; bedspreads as dresses; the American flag as shawl; and her favourite – accessorizing a bathing suit with pantyhose, pumps and skivvy. In life, Edie’s unconventionality threatened to consume her; in death it has brought her a measure of immortality.
Refashioning the post-mastectomy body in How to Look Good Naked
Authors: Powell Liz 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Breast cancer occupies a prominent and powerful position within our cultural imagination. Unlike most other forms of cancer, and indeed most other medical conditions in general, breast cancer is widely discussed and repeatedly represented within popular culture. In order to investigate the impact this development in the cultural understanding of breast cancer has had on both the narration and experience of the disease, this article will examine two televised breast cancer narratives that directly address issues of body-image, sexuality and femininity.
Contesting feminisms, commercial femininities and the fashioning of adolescent girlhood in Wild Child (2008)
Authors: Gwynne Joel 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This article presents a detailed analysis of one film in the genre of adolescent romantic comedy, Nick Moore’s Wild Child (2008), and considers how the film can be read as a case study of postfeminist girlhood. In particular, it focuses on the film’s implicit construction of young women’s complicated engagement with feminist history, with the aim of answering the following questions: if much of second-wave feminist discourse dismissed femininity as an artificial, man-made product, and if ‘new feminisms’ oppose this political position by reclaiming and reconstituting femininity, then how is this divisive relationship enacted in contemporary Hollywood cinema? What is the role of consumer culture and fashion in the discordant performances of contesting feminisms and commercial femininities?
Ugly Betty’s Latina body: Race, ethnicity, class and gender in contemporary US television
Authors: Tierney Dolores 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
This article explores how ABC’s fashion magazine set Ugly Betty (Ventanarosa/Reveille Productions, 2006–2010) makes a camp challenge to the ethnic- and class-based constructions of Latinness in mainstream media. It argues that the series’ progressiveness lies in its self conscious ‘makeover’ of both the original telenovela and the character of Betty. In the series Betty’s ‘ugliness’ is shown to be the product of not just aesthetics but also class and ethnographic discourses. This article traces the origins of the cultural, class-based and racial norms of beauty that Betty plays with exploring how these are mapped onto Betty’s body in the first two seasons. It looks at how these beauty norms connect to contemporary notions of social mobility that are increasingly prominent in the third and final fourth season of the series.
Lp
compression of some HNN extensions
Authors: Jolissaint Pierre-Nicolas , Pillon Thibault 
Published: August 2013

Abstract.
In [J. Lie Theory 13 (2003), no. 2, 383–385], the authors introduced a framework to prove that a large class of HNN extensions have the Haagerup property, the main motivation being Baumslag–Solitar groups. Using this framework and new tools on locally compact groups developed in [“Amenable
hyperbolic groups”, preprint (2012)], we are able to obtain quantitative results on embeddings into Lebesgue spaces for a large class of HNN extensions.
Mode of delivery at periviable gestational ages: impact on subsequent reproductive outcomes
Authors: Lannon Sophia M.R. , Guthrie Katherine A. , Reed Susan D. , Gammill Hilary S. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the risk of subsequent delivery complications after extremely preterm deliveries by initial (index) pregnancy mode of delivery (MOD): cesarean (CD) versus vaginal (VD).

Methods: This is a retrospective, longitudinal cohort study using Washington State birth certificate data and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes, 1989–2008, identifying women with deliveries 20–26 weeks’ gestation and linked subsequent deliveries. Index MOD was considered as a predictor of adverse subsequent maternal and neonatal outcomes, using t-test, χ2-test or Fisher’s exact test, and regression analysis.

Results: Of 2472 women with periviable delivery and subsequent birth, index CD (n=386) and index VD (n=2086) showed similar risks of composite morbidity (16.1% vs. 15.4%, P=0.76) and subsequent hemorrhage (9.6% vs. 11.1%, P=0.39). Women with index CD were more likely than index VD to experience uterine rupture (1.8% vs. 0.1%, P<0.001), to deliver earlier (35.9 vs. 36.9 weeks, P<0.001), and to have lower birth weight (2736 vs. 3014 g, P<0.001) subsequently. Neonatal hospital charges and lengths of stay were also higher after index CD.

Conclusions: MOD at extreme prematurity did not impact subsequent maternal hemorrhage or overall morbidity. However, CD was associated with substantial uterine rupture risk despite evidence of practice to avoid labor (lower birth weight and earlier delivery) in the subsequent pregnancy.
Extremely short cervix in the second trimester: bed rest or modified Shirodkar cerclage?
Authors: Skupski Daniel W. , Lin Stephanie N. , Reiss Jonathan , Eglinton Gary S. 
Published: August 2013

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare modified Shirodkar cerclage to bed rest for treatment of the midtrimester extremely short cervix.

Methods: This study used a concurrent retrospective cohort design at two institutions over the same period, 2000–2010. Patients were included at both institutions when midtrimester endovaginal ultrasound cervical length was ≤15 mm and had modified Shirodkar cerclage (cerclage group) at New York Hospital Queens and bed rest (control group) at Weill Cornell Medical Center. Cerclage was placed as high on the cervix as possible. Indomethacin and antibiotics were used perioperatively.

Results: The cerclage group included 112 patients and the control group included 55 patients. Median postoperative cervical length in the cerclage group was 3.3 cm (interquartile range 3.0–3.6). Cerclage patients were less likely to deliver preterm at 37, 35, 32, and 28 weeks (P=0.0066, 0.0004, 0.0023, and 0.03 respectively) and had longer latency (median 120 vs. 94 days P<0.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed a significant benefit in favor of cerclage (P=0.0043).

Conclusions: Our data suggest that modified Shirodkar cerclage as high as possible on the cervix with perioperative indomethacin and antibiotics is superior to bed rest for treatment of the midtrimester extremely short cervix (≤15 mm). We propose a randomized trial of this specific technique.
Determination of the critical load and energy release rate in mode II delamination using a meshfree method
Authors: Pekbey Yeliz , Hesar Goudarz Ghanizadeh , Yildiz Hasan , Maleki Farshid Khosravi 
Published: August 2013

AbstractSimulation of fracture by using numerical methods is important to treat geometries that change in time. In this study, both numerical and experimental investigations are presented for the delamination under mode II loading, detailing the derivation of the formulations in numerical simulations of fracture. The simulation of the delamination under mode II loading based on the cohesive segments model was investigated by using a meshfree method. Then, an experimental investigation was used to verify the meshfree method’s results. For tests under mode II loading, three-point end-notched flexure specimens, which are made of carbon/epoxy laminate (AS4/3501-6) which consists of 10 plies in [0]10 and [0/90/0/90/0]s lay-up with delamination inserted in the middle of the laminate, were used for the interlaminar fracture toughness tests. The problem was solved for [0]10, [0/45/-45/90/0]s, [0/90/0/90/0]s, [0/90/0/90/30]s, [0/90/0/90/45]s and [0/90/0/90/60]s laminates with mid-plane delaminations, and the results were verified for different composite materials. The critical fracture force, which can be experimentally measured, was used to calculate the mode II delamination fracture toughness of the carbon/epoxy laminate. In addition, values of the integral for 209 (11×19) and 253 (11×23) background meshes with equivalent interval sizes were compared. For a relatively fine background mesh, the critical load was converged. Results obtained from the meshfree element-free Galerkin method showed very good agreement with experimental data for single-mode delamination under mode II loading. The results presented will help in the implementation of mesh design techniques that protect numerical accuracy while minimizing computational expense.
Drosophilaas a Model for Intractable Epilepsy:GilgameshSuppresses Seizures inparabss1Heterozygote Flies
Authors: Howlett Iris C , Rusan Zeid M , Parker Louise , Tanouye Mark A 
Published: August 2013

AbstractIntractable epilepsies, that is, seizure disorders that do not respond to currently available therapies, are difficult, often tragic, neurological disorders. Na+ channelopathies have been implicated in some intractable epilepsies, including Dravet syndrome (Dravet 1978), but little progress has been forthcoming in therapeutics. Here we examine a Drosophila model for intractable epilepsy, the Na+ channel gain-of-function mutant parabss1 that resembles Dravet syndrome in some aspects (parker et al. 2011a). In particular, we identify second-site mutations that interact with parabss1, seizure enhancers, and seizure suppressors. We describe one seizure-enhancer mutation named charlatan (chn). The chn gene normally encodes an Neuron-Restrictive Silencer Factor/RE1-Silencing Transcription factor transcriptional repressor of neuronal-specific genes. We identify a second-site seizure-suppressor mutation, gilgamesh (gish), that reduces the severity of several seizure-like phenotypes of parabss1/+ heterozygotes. The gish gene normally encodes the Drosophila ortholog of casein kinase CK1g3, a member of the CK1 family of serine-threonine kinases. We suggest that CK1g3 is an unexpected but promising new target for seizure therapeutics.
Evolutionarily Stable Attenuation by Genome Rearrangement in a Virus
Authors: Cecchini Nicole , Schmerer Matthew , Molineux Ian J , Springman Rachael , Bull James J 
Published: August 2013

Abstract
Live, attenuated viruses provide many of the most effective vaccines. For the better part of a century, the standard method of attenuation has been viral growth in novel environments, whereby the virus adapts to the new environment but incurs a reduced ability to grow in the original host. The downsides of this approach were that it produced haphazard results, and even when it achieved sufficient attenuation for vaccine production, the attenuated virus was prone to evolve back to high virulence. Using bacteriophage T7, we apply a synthetic biology approach for creating attenuated genomes and specifically study their evolutionary stability. Three different genome rearrangements are used, and although some initial fitness recovery occurs, all exhibit greatly impaired abilities to recover wild-type fitness over a hundred or more generations. Different degrees of stable attenuation appear to be attainable by different rearrangements. Efforts to predict fitness recovery using the extensive background of T7 genetics and biochemistry were only sometimes successful. The use of genome rearrangement thus offers a practical mechanism of evolutionary stable viral attenuation, with some progress toward prediction.
Variation in Meiotic Recombination Frequencies Between Allelic Transgenes Inserted at Different Sites in theDrosophila melanogasterGenome
Authors: McMahan Susan , Kohl Kathryn P , Sekelsky Jeff 
Published: August 2013

AbstractMeiotic crossovers are distributed nonrandomly across the genome. Classic studies in Drosophila suggest that the position of a gene along a chromosome arm can affect the outcome of the recombination process, with proximity to the centromere being associated with lower crossing over. To examine this phenomenon molecularly, we developed an assay that measures meiotic crossovers and noncrossover gene conversions between allelic transgenes inserted into different genomic positions. To facilitate collecting a large number of virgin females, we developed a useful genetic system that kills males and undesired classes of females. We found that the recombination frequency at a site in the middle of the X chromosome, where crossovers are normally frequent, was similar to the frequency at the centromere-proximal end of the euchromatin, where crossovers are normally infrequent. In contrast, we recovered no recombinants—crossovers or noncrossovers—at a site on chromosome 4 and at a site toward the distal end of the X chromosome. These results suggest that local sequence or chromatin features have a stronger impact on recombination rates in this transgene assay than position along the chromosome arm.
The Movement of Specificity
Authors: Tanoukhi Nirvana 
Published: August 2013

If you want to know about Africa, read our literature—and not just Things Fall Apart.—Chris AbaniChimamandaadichie summarizes the current dilemma of the peripheral writer in thetitle of her recent ted talk: “The danger of a Single Story.” The talk's masterly braiding of ethos, pathos, and humor epitomizes the winning formula of this distinctively metropolitan media genre. But Adichie's rhetorical ingenuity interests us not as a cultural spectacle—the scene of a young African writer's anointment by metropolitan brokers as an upcoming “world writer”—but for what it structurally illuminates about the kind of minoritarian literary consciousness that gave birth to the concept of world literature. The speech begins by taking the audience down a well-trodden path, the story of Adichie's beginnings as a young writer in Nigeria—specifically, the naïveté of her childhood compositions: “All my characters were white and blue-eyed, they played in the snow, they ate apples, and they talked a lot about the weather, how lovely it was that the sun had come out.” How deluded and childish it now seemed to Adichie, this business of putting cloudy skies and sumptuous apples in an African story. Luckily, African novelists like Chinua Achebe and Camara Laye already existed to dispel her original disorientation, so that she learned to replace the landscapes of British and American fiction with familiar settings where “people like me, girls with skin the color of chocolate, whose kinky hair could not form ponytails, could also exist in literature.”