bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modern treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: impact on survival and efficacy in high‐risk subgroups
Authors: Cuneo Antonio , Cavazzini Francesco , Ciccone Maria , Daghia Giulia , Sofritti Olga , Saccenti Elena , Negrini Massimo , Rigolin Gian Matteo 
Published: March 2014

AbstractTreatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has dramatically changed over the last years, with significant improvement in overall survival (OS) and increased efficacy in genetically defined “high‐risk” disease. Besides prospective clinical trials usually enrolling young and fit patients, retrospective studies were performed comparing the outcome of patients belonging to different age groups and showing longer survival in patients diagnosed in the most recent periods. In patients younger than 70 years the 10‐year relative survival was 43–53% in the 1980s as compared with 59–63% in the 2000s. Likewise, the 10‐year relative survival in patients >70 years was 22–42% in the 1980s and 46–55% in the 2000s. Improved outcome derived in part by the introduction of effective regimens in genetically defined “high‐risk” disease (i.e., 17p−, 11q−, TP53, NOTCH1, SF3B1 mutations), especially in the younger and/or fit patients. The unfavorable prognostic significance of 11q− was overcome by chemoimmunotherapy. High‐dose steroids with anti‐CD52 appeared to improve the response rate in 17p‐/TP53 mutated cases and allogeneic transplantation achieved prolonged disease control irrespective of high‐risk disease. Further improvement is being generated by the new anti‐CD20 obinutuzumab in the elderly and by mechanism‐based treatment using kinase‐targeting agents or anti‐BCL2 molecules yielding high‐response rate and impressive progression‐free survival in the chemorefractory setting as well as in previously untreated patients.
Tumor cell‐expressed SerpinB2 is present on microparticles and inhibits metastasis
Authors: Schroder Wayne A. , Major Lee D. , Le Thuy T. , Gardner Joy , Sweet Matthew J. , Janciauskiene Sabina , Suhrbier Andreas 
Published: March 2014

AbstractExpression of SerpinB2 (plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2/PAI‐2) by certain cancers is associated with a favorable prognosis. Although tumor‐associated host tissues can express SerpinB2, no significant differences in the growth of a panel of different tumors in SerpinB2−/− and SerpinB2+/+ mice were observed. SerpinB2 expression by cancer cells (via lentiviral transduction) also had no significant effect on the growth of panel of mouse and human tumor lines in vivo or in vitro. SerpinB2 expression by cancer cells did, however, significantly reduce the number of metastases in a B16 metastasis model. SerpinB2‐expressing B16 cells also showed reduced migration and increased length of invadopodia‐like structures, supporting the classical view that that tumor‐derived SerpinB2 is inhibiting extracellular urokinase. Importantly, although SerpinB2 is usually poorly secreted, we found that SerpinB2 effectively reaches the extracellular milieu on the surface of 0.5–1 μm microparticles (MPs), where it was able to inhibit urokinase. We also provide evidence that annexins mediate the binding of SerpinB2 to phosphatidylserine, a lipid characteristically exposed on the surface of MPs. The presence of SerpinB2 on the surface of MPs provides a physiological mechanism whereby cancer cell SerpinB2 can reach the extracellular milieu and access urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). This may then lead to inhibition of metastasis and a favorable prognosis.
Acute renal failure in a Caucasian traveler with severe malaria: a case report
Authors: Meremo Alfred J. , Kilonzo Semvua B. , Munisi David , Kapinga Janet , Juma Mwinyikondo , Mwanakulya Simfukwe , Mpondo Bonaventura 
Published: March 2014

Key Clinical MessageAcute renal failure (ARF) secondary to severe malaria is uncommon. We report a case of a patient visiting Africa for the first time presenting with malaria and ARF. There was complete recovery after hemodialysis. Early initiation of hemodialysis proves to be useful in restoration of renal function.
Simulation of Multi‐Stage Particle Classification in a Zigzag Apparatus
Authors: Hagemeier Thomas , Glöckner Hannes , Roloff Christoph , Thévenin Dominique , Tomas Jürgen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe separation efficiency of a pilot‐scale zigzag apparatus is investigated numerically using computational fluid dynamics simulations and discrete particle modeling in a coupled manner. The effects of various process variables, like particle size and air flow velocity, and of turbulence models were analyzed. The resulting changes concerning the process performance expressed by separation function and sharpness are discussed. Moreover, the residence time distribution was found to differ for fine and coarse particle discharges. Small particles are easily carried away by the fluid and respond immediately to almost every change in flow velocity. Therefore, they are affected by vortices, which increase their residence times compared to bigger particles.
Comparison of a Molecular and an Immobilized Gadolinium(III)‐tris[(1R,4S)‐3‐heptafluorobutanoyl‐camphor] as Catalyst in the Asymmetric Danishefsky‐Hetero‐Diels‐Alder‐Reaction
Authors: Stockinger Skrollan , Trapp Oliver 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTOn‐column reaction gas chromatography combines the power of separation and rapid analysis of reactants and reaction products with screening of reactions in a single step. Not only conversions but the reaction rates at various temperatures can be obtained from single measurements, making this approach superior to the time‐consuming measurements typically performed in reaction progress analysis. However, this approach has only been used in the investigation of interconversion processes, rearrangement reactions, and only a few examples of higher‐order reactions are known. Here we present the screening of immobilized gadolinium(III)‐tris[(1R,4S)‐3‐heptafluorobutanoyl‐camphor] in the Danishefsky‐hetero‐Diels‐Alder‐reaction by enantioselective on‐column reaction gas chromatography utilizing cryogenic focusing to achieve catalytic conversions in this higher‐order reaction and subsequent separation of the enantiomeric product mixture to determine the enantiomeric ratio. The results obtained by this approach could be transferred to the conventional batch reaction at a larger scale, demonstrating that on‐column reaction chromatography provides reliable results in the screening of enantioselective reactions. Chirality 26:243–248, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Conformational Stable Alleno‐Acetylenic Cyclophanes Bearing Chiral Axes
Authors: Lahoz Inmaculada R. , Castro‐Fernández Silvia , Navarro‐Vázquez Armando , Alonso‐Gómez José Lorenzo , Magdalena Cid M. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTThe design and synthesis of chiral cyclophanes containing signaling functional groups as an integral part of the macrocyclic framework offer promising possibilities for chiral sensing, molecular recognition, and chiral supramolecular architectures. Our research group has been involved in the construction and study of chiroptical properties of several allenic meta‐ and para‐cyclophanes bearing anthracene and pyridine rings as spacers. A revision of our results is presented. Chirality 26:563–573, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asymmetric Addition of Triethylaluminium to Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by Titanium‐(5,5’‐Biquinoline‐6,6’‐Diol) Complexes
Authors: Chen Qian , Ou Jun , Chen Guo‐Shu , Liu Tian‐Hui , Xie Bin , Liang Hai‐Bo , Xie Li‐Qiong , Chen Yi‐Xin 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTA novel convenient procedure for the resolution of 5,5’‐biquinoline‐6,6’‐diol (BIQOL) was achieved by separating the corresponding diastereomeric mixture of (S)‐(+)‐camphorsulfonates on a semiprepared XDB‐C8 column followed by hydrolysis. The efficient asymmetric addition of triethylaluminium to aromatic aldehydes catalyzed by Ti‐(+)/(–)BIQOL complexes under mild conditions is described. The reactions led to the formation of 1‐arylpropan‐1‐ol in up to 87.5% ee. Chirality 26:268‐271, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of Experimental and Calculated Chiroptical Spectra for Chiral Molecular Structure Determination
Authors: Polavarapu Prasad L. , Covington Cody L. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTFor three different chiroptical spectroscopic methods, namely, vibrational circular dichroism (VCD), electronic circular dichroism (ECD), and Raman optical activity (ROA), the measures of similarity of the experimental spectra to the corresponding spectra predicted using quantum chemical theories are summarized. In determining the absolute configuration and/or predominant conformations of chiral molecules, these similarity measures provide numerical estimates of agreement between experimental observations and theoretical predictions. Selected applications illustrating the similarity measures for absorption, circular dichroism, and corresponding dissymmetry factor (DF) spectra, in the case of VCD and ECD, and for Raman, ROA, and circular intensity differential (CID) spectra in the case of ROA, are presented. The analysis of similarity in DF or CID spectra is considered to be much more discerning and accurate than that in absorption (or Raman) and circular dichroism (or ROA) spectra, undertaken individually. Chirality 26:539–552, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Early Maladaptive Schemas: A Comparison Between Bipolar Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Nilsson Kristine Kahr , Nielsen Straarup Krista , Halvorsen Marianne 
Published: March 2014

BackgroundIt is still unclear how bipolar disorder (BD) differentiates from major depressive disorder (MDD) outside major mood episodes. To further elucidate this area, the present study compared the two mood disorders in terms of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) during remission.MethodThe sample consisted of 49 participants with BD and 30 participants with MDD who were currently in remission. The participants completed the Young Schema Questionnaire.ResultsThe BD group scored significantly higher than the MDD group on seven EMSs: abandonment, failure to achieve, insufficient self‐control, subjugation, unrelenting standards, enmeshment and entitlement.ConclusionBy suggesting that EMSs are more severe in BD compared with MDD, the findings highlight potential vulnerabilities in BD, which merit further examination in terms of their underlying causes and potential treatment implications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Early maladaptive schemas are relevant psychological dimensions to consider in remitted phases of major mood disorders.
Findings from the current study suggest that early maladaptive schemas are more prevalent in adults with bipolar disorder compared to adults with major depressive disorder when measured during remission.
Interventions targeting early maladaptive schemas may be valuable in treatment of bipolar disorder.
The type 1 diabetes resistance locus B10 Idd9.3 mediates impaired B‐cell lymphopoiesis and implicates microRNA‐34a in diabetes protection
Authors: Berry Gregory J. , Budgeon Lynn R. , Cooper Timothy K. , Christensen Neil D. , Waldner Hanspeter 
Published: March 2014

NOD.B10 Idd9.3 mice are congenic for the insulin‐dependent diabetes (Idd) Idd9.3 locus, which confers significant type 1 diabetes (T1D) protection and encodes 19 genes, including microRNA (miR)‐34a, from T1D‐resistant C57BL/10 mice. B cells have been shown to play a critical role in the priming of autoantigen‐specific CD4+ T cells in T1D pathogenesis in non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice. We show that early B‐cell development is impaired in NOD.B10 Idd9.3 mice, resulting in the profound reduction of transitional and mature splenic B cells as compared with NOD mice. Molecular analysis revealed that miR‐34a expression was significantly higher in B‐cell progenitors and marginal zone B cells from NOD.B10 Idd9.3 mice than in NOD mice. Furthermore, miR‐34a expression in these cell populations inversely correlated with levels of Foxp1, an essential regulator of B‐cell lymphopoiesis, which is directly repressed by miR‐34a. In addition, we show that islet‐specific CD4+ T cells proliferated inefficiently when primed by NOD.B10 Idd9.3 B cells in vitro or in response to endogenous autoantigen in NOD.B10 Idd9.3 mice. Thus, Idd9.3‐encoded miR‐34a is a likely candidate in negatively regulating B‐cell lymphopoiesis, which may contribute to inefficient expansion of islet‐specific CD4+ T cells and to T1D protection in NOD.B10 Idd9.3 mice.
The heart‐liver metabolic axis: defective communication exacerbates disease
Authors: Baskin Kedryn K , Bookout Angie L , Olson Eric N 
Published: March 2014

The heart has been recognized as an endocrine organ for over 30 years (de Bold, ); however, little is known about how the heart communicates with other organs in the body, and even less is known about this process in the diseased heart. In this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine, Magida and Leinwand () introduce the concept that a primary genetic defect in the heart results in aberrant hepatic lipid metabolism, which consequently exacerbates hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). This study provides evidence in support of the hypothesis that crosstalk occurs between the heart and liver, and that this becomes disrupted in the diseased state.
The importance of experimental time when assessing the effect of temperature on toxicity in poikilotherms
Authors: Nørhave Nils J. , Spurgeon David , Svendsen Claus , Cedergreen Nina 
Published: March 2014

Abstract

Temperature is an important factor affecting toxicity, determining chemical toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics in poikilothermic organisms. Because metabolic rates are also affected by temperature, interactions between the emergence of toxic effects and time are very likely. The aim of the present study was to investigate how temperature affects the toxicity of copper toward the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans when measured during short, fixed time frames compared with full life cycles. Copper toxicity was tested in 2 experiments at 4 or 6 temperatures in the range of 11 °C to 24 °C, with Cu concentrations spanning from 1 mg Cu/L agar to 40 mg Cu/L agar, respectively. Reproduction and mortality were determined across the entire life cycle, and the time to production of first egg and the population growth rate were calculated. The results showed that the 50% effect concentrations (EC50s) of Cu increased 1.5-fold to 2.5-fold with increasing temperature within the tested range, depending on endpoint. When calculating EC50 on reproduction after 24 h or 96 h, the typical setup for temperature-chemical interaction studies, results ranged from no temperature effect to effects much larger than those for the full life cycle. Studies of temperature effects on toxicity must therefore be carefully designed in relation to the research question being investigated. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1363–1371. © 2014 SETAC
What Do the Next 25 Years Hold for HRD Research in Areas of Our Interest?
Authors: Russ‐Eft Darlene , Watkins Karen E. , Marsick Victoria J. , Jacobs Ronald L. , McLean Gary N. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis invited feature article presents the perspectives of five highly recognized and influential HRD Scholars who are also past and present leaders within the Academy of Human Resource Development. These scholars were asked to reflect on the past and present of research in an area of their interest and expertise and they have each offered projections for the next 25 years of HRD Research in their respective areas.
Vibrational spectroscopy of biofluids for disease screening or diagnosis: translation from the laboratory to a clinical setting
Authors: Mitchell Alana L. , Gajjar Ketan B. , Theophilou Georgios , Martin Francis L. , Martin‐Hirsch Pierre L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThere remains a need for objective and cost‐effective approaches capable of diagnosing early‐stage disease in point‐of‐care clinical settings. Given an increasingly ageing population resulting in a rising prevalence of chronic diseases, the need for screening to facilitate the personalising of therapies to prevent or slow down pathology development will increase. Such a tool needs to be robust but simple enough to be implemented into clinical practice. There is interest in extracting biomarkers from biofluids (e.g., plasma or serum); techniques based on vibrational spectroscopy provide an option. Sample preparation is minimal, techniques involved are relatively low‐cost, and data frameworks are available. This review explores the evidence supporting the applicability of vibrational spectroscopy to generate spectral biomarkers of disease in biofluids. We extend the inter‐disciplinary nature of this approach to hypothesise a microfluidic platform that could allow such measurements. With an appropriate lightsource, such engineering could revolutionize screening in the 21st century. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fetal adaptations for viviparity in amphibians
Authors: Wake Marvalee H. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTLive‐bearing has evolved in all three orders of amphibians—frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Developing young may be either yolk dependent, or maternal nutrients may be supplied after yolk is resorbed, depending on the species. Among frogs, embryos in two distantly related lineages develop in the skin of the maternal parents' backs; they are born either as advanced larvae or fully metamorphosed froglets, depending on the species. In other frogs, and in salamanders and caecilians, viviparity is intraoviductal; one lineage of salamanders includes species that are yolk dependent and born either as larvae or metamorphs, or that practice cannibalism and are born as metamorphs. Live‐bearing caecilians all, so far as is known, exhaust yolk before hatching and mothers provide nutrients during the rest of the relatively long gestation period. The developing young that have maternal nutrition have a number of heterochronic changes, such as precocious development of the feeding apparatus and the gut. Furthermore, several of the fetal adaptations, such as a specialized dentition and a prolonged metamorphosis, are homoplasious and present in members of two or all three of the amphibian orders. At the same time, we know little about the developmental and functional bases for fetal adaptations, and less about the factors that drive their evolution and facilitate their maintenance. J. Morphol. 276:941–960, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonutilitarian Tourism Destination Positioning: A Case Study in China
Authors: Qu Ying , Qu Hailin 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis paper develops and applies a conceptual model of nonutilitarian tourism destination positioning. Tourist's nonutilitarian decision mechanisms (affective choosing and self‐congruity) are linked with destination positioning. A repositioning case of Dalian as a marine city destination versus its four competitors is used to demonstrate the model's guiding value. Through statistical analyses of MANOVA, ANOVAs and independent t‐tests, the findings indicate the differentiating affective image attribute and brand personality trait most useful for Dalian's positioning. A suggested nonutilitarian positioning strategy for Dalian, corresponding managerial and theoretical implications and future study considerations are finally summarized. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid and accurate T2 mapping from multi–spin‐echo data using Bloch‐simulation‐based reconstruction
Authors: Ben‐Eliezer Noam , Sodickson Daniel K. , Block Kai Tobias 
Published: March 2014

PurposeQuantitative T2‐relaxation‐based contrast has the potential to provide valuable clinical information. Practical T2‐mapping, however, is impaired either by prohibitively long acquisition times or by contamination of fast multiecho protocols by stimulated and indirect echoes. This work presents a novel postprocessing approach aiming to overcome the common penalties associated with multiecho protocols, and enabling rapid and accurate mapping of T2 relaxation values.MethodsBloch simulations are used to estimate the actual echo‐modulation curve (EMC) in a multi–spin‐echo experiment. Simulations are repeated for a range of T2 values and transmit field scales, yielding a database of simulated EMCs, which is then used to identify the T2 value whose EMC most closely matches the experimentally measured data at each voxel.ResultsT2 maps of both phantom and in vivo scans were successfully reconstructed, closely matching maps produced from single spin‐echo data. Results were consistent over the physiological range of T2 values and across different experimental settings.ConclusionThe proposed technique allows accurate T2 mapping in clinically feasible scan times, free of user‐ and scanner‐dependent variations, while providing a comprehensive framework that can be extended to model other parameters (e.g., T1, B1+, B0, diffusion) and support arbitrary acquisition schemes. Magn Reson Med 73:809–817, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of anticancer drugs for hepatocellular carcinoma through personalized genome‐scale metabolic modeling
Authors: Agren Rasmus , Mardinoglu Adil , Asplund Anna , Kampf Caroline , Uhlen Mathias , Nielsen Jens 
Published: March 2014

AbstractGenome‐scale metabolic models (GEMs) have proven useful as scaffolds for the integration of omics data for understanding the genotype–phenotype relationship in a mechanistic manner. Here, we evaluated the presence/absence of proteins encoded by 15,841 genes in 27 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients using immunohistochemistry. We used this information to reconstruct personalized GEMs for six HCC patients based on the proteomics data, HMR 2.0, and a task‐driven model reconstruction algorithm (tINIT). The personalized GEMs were employed to identify anticancer drugs using the concept of antimetabolites; i.e., drugs that are structural analogs to metabolites. The toxicity of each antimetabolite was predicted by assessing the in silico functionality of 83 healthy cell type‐specific GEMs, which were also reconstructed with the tINIT algorithm. We predicted 101 antimetabolites that could be effective in preventing tumor growth in all HCC patients, and 46 antimetabolites which were specific to individual patients. Twenty‐two of the 101 predicted antimetabolites have already been used in different cancer treatment strategies, while the remaining antimetabolites represent new potential drugs. Finally, one of the identified targets was validated experimentally, and it was confirmed to attenuate growth of the HepG2 cell line.