bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstetric anal sphincter injury rates among primiparous women with different modes of vaginal delivery
Authors: Ampt Amanda J. , Patterson Jillian A. , Roberts Christine L. , Ford Jane B. 
Published: August 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether rates of obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) are continuing to increase and whether risk of OASIS according to mode of delivery is constant over time.MethodsIn a retrospective population‐based study, data were obtained for vaginal singleton vertex deliveries at 37–41 weeks of pregnancy among primiparous women in New South Wales, Australia, between January 2001 and December 2011. Annual OASIS rates were determined among non‐instrumental, forceps, and vacuum deliveries with and without episiotomy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine adjusted odds ratios for each delivery mode category by year. Trends in adjusted odds ratios over time for each delivery category were compared.ResultsOASIS occurred in 955 (4.1%) of 23 081 deliveries in 2001 and 1487 (5.9%) of 25 081 deliveries in 2011. After adjustment for known risk factors, the only delivery categories to show statistically significant increases in OASIS over the study period were non‐instrumental deliveries without episiotomy (linear trend P < 0.001) and forceps deliveries with episiotomy (linear trend P = 0.004).ConclusionOverall, OASIS rates have continued to increase. Known risk factors do not fully explain the increase in OASIS rates in non‐instrumental deliveries without an episiotomy and in forceps deliveries with an episiotomy.
The Global Alzheimer's Association Interactive Network
Authors: Toga Arthur W. , Neu Scott C. , Bhatt Priya , Crawford Karen L. , Ashish Naveen 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIntroductionThe Global Alzheimer's Association Interactive Network (GAAIN) is consolidating the efforts of independent Alzheimer's disease data repositories around the world with the goals of revealing more insights into the causes of Alzheimer's disease, improving treatments, and designing preventative measures that delay the onset of physical symptoms.MethodsWe developed a system for federating these repositories that is reliant on the tenets that (1) its participants require incentives to join, (2) joining the network is not disruptive to existing repository systems, and (3) the data ownership rights of its members are protected.ResultsWe are currently in various phases of recruitment with over 55 data repositories in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia and can presently query >250,000 subjects using GAAIN's search interfaces.DiscussionGAAIN's data sharing philosophy, which guided our architectural choices, is conducive to motivating membership in a voluntary data sharing network.
Prognostic factors in Taiwanese patients with penile‐invasive squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Geng Jiun‐Hung , Huang Shu‐Pin , Huang Chao‐Yuan 
Published: August 2015

AbstractIn Taiwanese patients, carcinoma of the penis is an uncommon disease. We retrospectively reviewed potential prognostic factors in Taiwanese patients with invasive‐penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). From 1997 to 2009, 52 patients were enrolled. The median patient age at diagnosis was 66.5 years and the peak incident occurred during the 6th and 7th decades of life. Thirteen patients (25%) died of penile cancer, with a mean follow‐up time of 45 months (interquartile range: 15–64 months). The 5‐year cumulative cancer‐specific survival rate was 81%, with 100% for those with Stage I, 90% for those with Stage II, 60% for those with Stage III, and 14% for those with Stage IV. Eleven variables, including grade, tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage, involvement of corpus spongiosum or corpora cavernosa, lymphovascular or perineural invasion, lymphadenectomy, and palpable lymph node, with p < 0.05 using univariate analysis were chosen for multivariate regression analysis. Three of these potential prognostic factors, including histological grade, distant metastasis, and lymphovascular invasion, remained statistically significant. Our study is the first report using the latest TNM classification (2009) to determine these potential predictors with penile SCC in Taiwan.
Titanium Elastic Nail versus plate fixation of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures: A retrospective comparison study
Authors: Wang Ying‐Chun , Fu Yin‐Chih , Chou Shih‐Hsiang , Liu Ping‐Cheng , Tien Yin‐Chun , Lu Cheng‐Chang 
Published: August 2015

AbstractThis study has two purposes: (1) to compare the clinical results between the Titanium Elastic Nail (TEN) and plate fixation of the displaced midshaft clavicle fracture; and (2) to demonstrate the relationship between length shortening and functional outcome after TEN fixation, especially in the comminuted fracture pattern. A retrospective, case‐controlled study was conducted and 55 patients were included in our study: 25 in the TEN fixation group (TEN group) and 30 in the plate fixation group (plate group). All patients were classified into four subgroups: simple fracture in the TEN group (ST; n = 13), simple fracture in the plate group (SP; n = 15), comminuted fracture in the TEN group (CT; n = 12), and comminuted fracture in the plate group (CP; n = 15). Wound size was significantly smaller in the TEN group (p < 0.001). The injured clavicular length after fracture healing was significantly shorter in the TEN group (p = 0.036). There was no significant difference in the mean Constant and DASH scores. Injured clavicle shortening was significantly larger in the CT subgroup (p = 0.018). However, there was no statistically significant difference in Constant score and DASH score while comparing the CT subgroup to other subgroups. Although TEN fixation may lead to a higher degree of length shortening after bony union especially in cases of comminuted fracture pattern, no statistically significant difference was observed in objective functional results as compared to other subgroups. Therefore, TEN can be used to fix a displaced midshaft clavicle fracture even in cases of comminuted fracture pattern, which overall is an effective and less surgically invasive procedure.
Perfil de valores humanos de médicos en formación profesional
Authors: Prieto-Miranda Sergio Emilio , Canales-González Mónica Patricia , Jiménez-Bernardino Carlos Alberto , Esparza-Pérez Ramiro Israel , Rodríguez-Rivera Luz Rebeca 
Published: August 2015

Introducción: Existen pocos estudios acerca del perfil de valores humanos a través de la medición de los intereses dominantes de la personalidad de médicos en formación, en ellos se encontró que los principales intereses fueron el social y el económico, y sus motivaciones: la moral y la legal.
Objetivo: Se identificó el perfil de valores humanos de médicos en formación de acuerdo con los intereses dominantes de la personalidad.
Método: Estudio descriptivo-transversal. Se incluyó a 187 médicos becarios, 96 (51.3%) hombres y 91 (48.7%) mujeres; 66 (35.3%) médicos de pregrado y 121 (64.7%) de posgrado. La media de edad fue de 25.49±3.4 a˜nos. Se aplicó el test de Allport, que evaluó los intereses o motivos básicos de la personalidad con base en 6 categorías: económica, social, teórica, religiosa, estética y política. Cada una se midió en muy alto, alto, promedio, bajo y muy bajo. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial.
Resultados: Los intereses en la personalidad que predominaron fueron el «teórico» en «muy alto» (51.3%) y el «religioso» en «muy bajo» (54.5%). Al compararlos por género, en mujeres predominó el interés teórico (62 vs. 34; p = 0.004) y político (11 vs. 3; p = 0.033) en «muy alto» y el interés económico en «alto» en comparación con hombres (27 vs. 12; p = 0.016); en estos predominaron el interés estético en «muy alto» (12 vs. 2; p = 0.008), el interés social en «alto» (17 vs. 7; p = 0.041), y el interés político en categoría «muy bajo» en comparación con mujeres (8 vs. 1; p = 0.020).
Conclusiones: En el perfil de valores humanos los intereses dominantes de la personalidad de médicos en formación predominó la personalidad teórica y el de menor peso fue el interés religioso; se encontraron diferencias por género.
Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Assessment After Laser Capsulotomy in Pseudophakic Eyes With Pseudoexfoliation
Authors: Eliacik Mustafa , Karaman Erdur Sevil , Gulkilik Gokhan , Ozsutcu Mustafa , Aras Cengiz , Bayramlar Huseyin , Aslan Cemile Anil 
Published: August 2015

Purpose:
To assess changes in anterior-chamber depth (ACD) and angle width after neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser capsulotomy pseudophakia in eyes with pseudoexfoliation (PEX).

Methods:
This prospective and interventional case series study included 25 pseudophakic eyes of 25 patients with PEX and 26 pseudophakic eyes of 26 patients without PEX scheduled for Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy in a single institution. Anterior-chamber depth and angle width were measured with anterior segment optical coherence tomography before and three days after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. Preoperative and postoperative measurements of ACD and angle width included the angle opening distance (AOD), measured as the perpendicular distance from the trabecular meshwork at 500 and 750 mm anterior to the scleral spur to the anterior iris surface (AOD500 and AOD750, respectively) and anterior-chamber angle (ACA) in the nasal and temporal quadrants. Main outcome measures were the changes in ACD and angle width parameters.

Results:
The mean ACD, AOD500, AOD750, and ACA (nasal and temporal) measurements were 3.67±0.12 mm, 0.63±0.05 mm and 0.65±0.05 mm, 0.67±0.06 mm and 0.77±0.04 mm, 35.25±1.69° and 35.37±1.68° in eyes with PEX and 3.73±0.11 mm, 0.6±0.05 mm and 0.63±0.05 mm, 0.66±0.06 mm and 0.74±0.06 mm, 34.24±1.6° and 34.6±1.47° in control eyes, respectively (P>0.05 for all). After Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy, mean ACD, AOD500, AOD750, and ACA (nasal and temporal) measurements were 3.76±0.09 mm, 0.73±0.05 mm and 0.76±0.05 mm, 0.75±0.06 mm and 0.87±0.04 mm, 36.82±1.46° and 35.06±1.52° in eyes with PEX and 3.77±0.1 mm, 0.68±0.06 mm and 0.72±0.06 mm, 0.72±0.05 mm and 0.84±0.06 mm, 34.95±1.4° and 35.79±1.36° in control eyes, respectively (P=0.811, P=0.019, P=0.021, P=0.109, P=0.126, P=0.001, and P=0.01, respectively).

Conclusions:
The depth and width of the anterior chamber in eyes with PEX and in control eyes increased significantly after Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. The change in the width of the anterior chamber in eyes PEX was statistically significant comparing control eyes.
Corneal Pseudodendritic Lesions Masquerading as Herpetic Keratitis in a Patient With Tyrosinemia Type I
Authors: Gulmez Sevim Duygu , Gumus Koray , Cavanagh H. Dwight 
Published: August 2015

Objective:
To describe the clinical findings of a patient with tyrosinemia type I with noncompliance to a protein-restricted diet, treated with 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione (NTBC).

Methods:
Clinical findings at the initial examination and after strict compliance to a protein-restricted diet after 4 weeks follow-up are described in a patient with tyrosinemia type I on NTBC treatment, who had been treated with presumed herpetic keratitis.

Results:
A 10-year-old girl diagnosed with hereditary tyrosinemia type I and on NTBC treatment presented with photophobia and ocular discomfort in both eyes. An ophthalmologic examination demonstrated bilateral dendritiform epithelial lesions in the central cornea, staining faintly with fluorescein. These lesions were subsequently intermittently treated with topical antivirals for presumed herpes simplex virus keratitis and lubricant eye drops for 9 months without resolution; however, when strict compliance with a protein-restricted diet was instituted, nearly a complete resolution of the lesions was noted at the 4-week follow-up.

Conclusions:
Although type II tyrosinemia is known to have corneal involvement, the natural course of tyrosinemia type I has not been shown to have corneal involvement. Corneal involvement in type I tyrosinemia may be an indicator of dietary noncompliance and may show complete resolution with a strict compliance to protein-restricted diet only.
Simultaneously inferring T cell fate and clonality from single cell transcriptomes
Authors: Stubbington Michael J.T. , Lönnberg Tapio , Proserpio Valentina , Clare Simon , Speak Anneliese O. , Dougan Gordon , Teichmann Sarah A. 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACTThe heterodimeric T cell receptor (TCR) comprises two protein chains that pair to determine the antigen specificity of each T lymphocyte. The enormous sequence diversity within TCR repertoires allows specific TCR sequences to be used as lineage markers for T cells that derive from a common progenitor. We have developed a computational method, called TraCeR, to reconstruct full-length, paired TCR sequences from T lymphocyte single-cell RNA-seq by combining existing assembly and alignment programs with a “synthetic genome” library comprising all possible TCR sequences. We validate this method with PCR to quantify its accuracy and sensitivity, and compare to other TCR sequencing methods. Our inferred TCR sequences reveal clonal relationships between T cells, which we put into the context of each cell’s functional state from the complete transcriptional landscape quantified from the remaining RNA-seq data. This provides a powerful tool to link T cell specificity with functional response in a variety of normal and pathological conditions. We demonstrate this by determining the distribution of members of expanded T cell clonotypes in response toSalmonellainfection in the mouse. We show that members of the same clonotype span early activated CD4+ T cells, as well as mature effector and memory cells.
Analysis of Small Ubiquitin-Like Modifier (SUMO) Targets Reflects the Essential Nature of Protein SUMOylation and Provides Insight to Elucidate the Role of SUMO in Plant Development
Authors: Elrouby Nabil 
Published: August 2015

Abstract
Posttranslational modification of proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) has received much attention, reflected by a flood of recent studies implicating SUMO in a wide range of cellular and molecular activities, many of which are conserved throughout eukaryotes. Whereas most of these studies were performed in vitro or in single cells, plants provide an excellent system to study the role of SUMO at the developmental level. Consistent with its essential roles during plant development, mutations of the basic SUMOylation machinery in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cause embryo stage arrest or major developmental defects due to perturbation of the dynamics of target SUMOylation. Efforts to identify SUMO protein targets in Arabidopsis have been modest; however, recent success in identifying thousands of human SUMO targets using unique experimental designs can potentially help identify plant SUMO targets more efficiently. Here, known Arabidopsis SUMO targets are reevaluated, and potential approaches to dissect the roles of SUMO in plant development are discussed.
Objective classification system for sagittal craniosynostosis based on suture segmentation
Authors: Qian Xiaohua , Tan Hua , Zhang Jian , Zhuang Xiahai , Branch Leslie , Sanger Chaire , Thompson Allison , Zhao Weiling , Li King Chuen , David Lisa , Zhou Xiaobo 
Published: August 2015

Purpose:Spring‐assisted surgery is an effective and minimally invasive treatment for sagittal craniosynostosis (CSO). The principal barrier to the advancement of spring‐assisted surgery is the patient‐specific spring selection. The selection of spring force depends on the suture involved, subtypes of sagittal CSO, and age of the infant, among other factors. Clinically, physicians manually judge the subtype of sagittal CSO patients based on their CT image data, which may cause bias from different clinicians. An objective system would be helpful to stratify the sagittal CSO patients and make spring choice less subjective.Methods:The authors developed a novel informatics system to automatically segment and characterize sutures and classify sagittal CSO. The proposed system is composed of three phases: preprocessing, sutures segmentation, and classification. First, the three‐dimensional (3D) skull was extracted from the CT images and aligned with the symmetry of the cranial vault. Second, a “hemispherical projection” algorithm was developed to transform 3D surface of the skull to a polar two‐dimensional plane. Through the transformation, an “effective” projected region can be obtained to enable easy segmentation of sutures. Then, the different types of sutures, such as coronal sutures, lambdoid sutures, sagittal suture, and metopic suture, obtained from the segmented sutures were further identified by a dual‐projection technique of the midline of the sutures. Finally, 108 quantified features of sutures were extracted and selected by a proposed multiclass feature scoring system. The sagittal CSO patients were classified into four subtypes: anterior, central, posterior, and complex with the support vector machine approach. Fivefold cross validation (CV) was employed to evaluate the capability of selected features in discriminating the four subtypes in 33 sagittal CSO patients. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to assess the robustness of the developed system.Results:The segmentation results of the proposed method were clinically acceptable for the qualitative evaluation. For the quantitative evaluation, the fivefold CV accuracy of the classification for the four subtypes was 72.7%. This classification system was reliable with the area under curve (in ROC analysis) being greater than 0.8 for four two‐class problems.Conclusions:The proposed hemispherical projection algorithm based on backtracking search can successfully segment sutures of the cranial vault. The classification system can also offer a desirable performance. As a result, the proposed segmentation and classification system is expected to bring insights into clinic research and the selection of the spring force to facilitate widespread application of this minimally invasive treatment.
Unique Plasmids Generated via pUC Replicon Mutagenesis in an Error-Prone Thermophile Derived from Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426
Authors: Kobayashi Jyumpei , Tanabiki Misaki , Doi Shohei , Kondo Akihiko , Ohshiro Takashi , Suzuki Hirokazu 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT

The plasmid pGKE75-

cat
A138T

, which comprises pUC18 and the

cat
A138T

gene encoding thermostable chloramphenicol acetyltransferase with an A138T amino acid replacement (CAT
A138T
), serves as an
Escherichia coli-Geobacillus kaustophilus
shuttle plasmid that confers moderate chloramphenicol resistance on
G. kaustophilus
HTA426. The present study examined the thermoadaptation-directed mutagenesis of pGKE75-

cat
A138T

in an error-prone thermophile, generating the mutant plasmid pGKE75
αβ
-

cat
A138T

responsible for substantial chloramphenicol resistance at 65°C. pGKE75
αβ
-

cat
A138T

contained no mutation in the

cat
A138T

gene but had two mutations in the pUC replicon, even though the replicon has no apparent role in
G. kaustophilus
. Biochemical characterization suggested that the efficient chloramphenicol resistance conferred by pGKE75
αβ
-

cat
A138T

is attributable to increases in intracellular CAT
A138T
and acetyl-coenzyme A following a decrease in incomplete forms of pGKE75
αβ
-

cat
A138T

. The decrease in incomplete plasmids may be due to optimization of plasmid replication by RNA species transcribed from the mutant pUC replicon, which were actually produced in
G. kaustophilus
. It is noteworthy that
G. kaustophilus
was transformed with pGKE75
αβ
-

cat
A138T

using chloramphenicol selection at 60°C. In addition, a pUC18 derivative with the two mutations propagated in
E. coli
at a high copy number independently of the culture temperature and high plasmid stability. Since these properties have not been observed in known plasmids, the outcomes extend the genetic toolboxes for
G. kaustophilus
and
E. coli
.
Inactivation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus by Citric Acid and Sodium Carbonate with Deicers
Authors: Hong Jang-Kwan , Lee Kwang-Nyeong , You Su-Hwa , Kim Su-Mi , Tark Dongseob , Lee Hyang-Sim , Ko Young-Joon , Seo Min-Goo , Park Jong-Hyeon , Kim Byounghan 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Three out of five outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) since 2010 in the Republic of Korea have occurred in the winter. At the freezing temperatures, it was impossible to spray disinfectant on the surfaces of vehicles, roads, and farm premises because the disinfectant would be frozen shortly after discharge and the surfaces of the roads or machines would become slippery in cold weather. In this study, we added chemical deicers (ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, ethyl alcohol, and commercial windshield washer fluid) to keep disinfectants (0.2% citric acid and 4% sodium carbonate) from freezing, and we tested their virucidal efficacies under simulated cold temperatures in a tube. The 0.2% citric acid could reduce the virus titer 4 logs at −20°C with all the deicers. On the other hand, 4% sodium carbonate showed little virucidal activity at −20°C within 30 min, although it resisted being frozen with the function of the deicers. In conclusion, for the winter season, we may recommend the use of citric acid (>0.2%) diluted in 30% ethyl alcohol or 25% sodium chloride solvent, depending on its purpose.
Molecular Epidemiology of Oyster-Related Human Noroviruses and Their Global Genetic Diversity and Temporal-Geographical Distribution from 1983 to 2014
Authors: Yu Yongxin , Cai Hui , Hu Linghao , Lei Rongwei , Pan Yingjie , Yan Shuling , Wang Yongjie 
Published: August 2015

ABSTRACT
Noroviruses (NoVs) are a leading cause of epidemic and sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Oysters are well recognized as the main vectors of environmentally transmitted NoVs, and disease outbreaks linked to oyster consumption have been commonly observed. Here, to quantify the genetic diversity, temporal distribution, and circulation of oyster-related NoVs on a global scale, 1,077 oyster-related NoV sequences deposited from 1983 to 2014 were downloaded from both NCBI GenBank and the NoroNet outbreak database and were then screened for quality control. A total of 665 sequences with reliable information were obtained and were subsequently subjected to genotyping and phylogenetic analyses. The results indicated that the majority of oyster-related NoV sequences were obtained from coastal countries and regions and that the numbers of sequences in these regions were unevenly distributed. Moreover, >80% of human NoV genotypes were detected in oyster samples or oyster-related outbreaks. A higher proportion of genogroup I (GI) (34%) was observed for oyster-related sequences than for non-oyster-related outbreaks, where GII strains dominated with an overwhelming majority of >90%, indicating that the prevalences of GI and GII are different in humans and oysters. In addition, a related convergence of the circulation trend was found between oyster-related NoV sequences and human pandemic outbreaks. This suggests that oysters not only act as a vector of NoV through environmental transmission but also serve as an important reservoir of human NoVs. These results highlight the importance of oysters in the persistence and transmission of human NoVs in the environment and have important implications for the surveillance of human NoVs in oyster samples.