bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal human bone-like tissue generation
Authors: Rosenberg N. , Rosenberg O. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives The need for bone tissue supplementation exists in a wide range of clinical conditions involving surgical reconstruction in limbs, the spine and skull. The bone supplementation materials currently used include autografts, allografts and inorganic matrix components; but these pose potentially serious side-effects. In particular the availability of the autografts is usually limited and their harvesting causes surgical morbidity. Therefore for the purpose of supplementation of autologous bone graft, we have developed a method for autologous extracorporeal bone generation. Methods Human osteoblast-like cells were seeded on porous granules of tricalcium phosphate and incubated in osteogenic media while exposed to mechanical stimulation by vibration in the infrasonic range of frequencies. The generated tissue was examined microscopically following haematoxylin eosin, trichrome and immunohistochemical staining. Results Following 14 days of incubation the generated tissue showed histological characteristics of bone-like material due to the characteristic eosinophilic staining, a positive staining for collagen trichrome and a positive specific staining for osteocalcin and collagen 1. Macroscopically, this tissue appeared in aggregates of between 0.5 cm and 2 cm. Conclusions We present evidence that the interaction of the cellular, inorganic and mechanical components in vitro can rapidly generate three-dimensional bone-like tissue that might be used as an autologous bone graft.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the thalamus in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip
Authors: Shigemura T. , Kishida S. , Eguchi Y. , Ohtori S. , Nakamura J. , Kojima M. , Masuda Y. , Takahashi K. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives The purpose of this study was to assess N-acetyl aspartate changes in the thalamus in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Methods Nine patients with osteoarthritis of the hip (symptomatic group, nine women; mean age 61.4 years (48 to 78)) and nine healthy volunteers (control group, six men, three women; mean age 30.0 years (26 to 38)) underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess the changes of N-acetyl aspartate in the thalamus. Results The ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine plus phosphocreatine in the thalamus contralateral to the symptomatic hip in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip was significantly lower than the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine plus phosphocreatine in the thalamus in the control group (1.611 (1.194 to 1.882) vs 1.355 (1.043 to 1.502), p < 0.001). And, a strong negative correlation was detected between the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine plus phosphocreatine in the thalamus contralateral to the symptomatic hip in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip and pain duration (r = -0.83, p = 0.018). Conclusions We evaluated the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine plus phosphocreatine in the thalamus of patients with osteoarthritis of the hip by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We concluded that the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine plus phosphocreatine in the thalamus contralateral to the symptomatic hip in patients with osteoarthritis of the hip were significantly lower than those in the thalamus of the control group, and that pain duration was strongly related to the decrease of the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to creatine plus phosphocreatine.
The development of a novel model of direct fracture healing in the rat
Authors: Savaridas T. , Wallace R. J. , Muir A. Y. , Salter D. M. , Simpson A. H. R. W. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives Small animal models of fracture repair primarily investigate indirect fracture healing via external callus formation. We present the first described rat model of direct fracture healing. Methods A rat tibial osteotomy was created and fixed with compression plating similar to that used in patients. The procedure was evaluated in 15 cadaver rats and then in vivo in ten Sprague-Dawley rats. Controls had osteotomies stabilised with a uniaxial external fixator that used the same surgical approach and relied on the same number and diameter of screw holes in bone. Results Fracture healing occurred without evidence of external callus on plain radiographs. At six weeks after fracture fixation, the mean stress at failure in a four-point bending test was 24.65 N/mm2 (sd 6.15). Histology revealed ‘cutting-cones’ traversing the fracture site. In controls where a uniaxial external fixator was used, bone healing occurred via external callus formation. Conclusions A simple, reproducible model of direct fracture healing in rat tibia that mimics clinical practice has been developed for use in future studies of direct fracture healing.
Distal tibiofibular radiological overlap
Authors: Sowman B. , Radic R. , Kuster M. , Yates P. , Breidiel B. , Karamfilef S. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives Overlap between the distal tibia and fibula has always been quoted to be positive. If the value is not positive then an injury to the syndesmosis is thought to exist. Our null hypothesis is that it is a normal variant in the adult population. Methods We looked at axial CT scans of the ankle in 325 patients for the presence of overlap between the distal tibia and fibula. Where we thought this was possible we reconstructed the images to represent a plain film radiograph which we were able to rotate and view in multiple planes to confirm the assessment. Results The scans were taken for reasons other than pathology of the ankle. We found there was no overlap in four patients. These patients were then questioned about previous injury, trauma, surgery or pain, in order to exclude underlying pathology. Conclusion We concluded that no overlap between the tibia and fibula may exist in the population, albeit in a very small proportion.
Assisted closure of fasciotomy wounds
Authors: Fowler J. R. , Kleiner M. T. , Das R. , Gaughan J. P. , Rehman S. 
Published: July 2013

Introduction Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) and vessel loop assisted closure are two common methods used to assist with the closure of fasciotomy wounds. This retrospective review compares these two methods using a primary outcome measurement of skin graft requirement. Methods A retrospective search was performed to identify patients who underwent fasciotomy at our institution. Patient demographics, location of the fasciotomy, type of assisted closure, injury characteristics, need for skin graft, length of stay and evidence of infection within 90 days were recorded. Results A total of 56 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 49 underwent vessel loop closure and seven underwent NPWT assisted closure. Patients who underwent NPWT assisted closure were at higher risk for requiring skin grafting than patients who underwent vessel loop closure, with an odds ratio of 5.9 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 31.24). There was no difference in the rate of infection or length of stay between the two groups. Demographic factors such as age, gender, fracture mechanism, location of fasciotomy and presence of open fracture were not predictive of the need for skin grafting. Conclusion This retrospective descriptive case series demonstrates an increased risk of skin grafting in patients who underwent fasciotomy and were treated with NPWT assisted wound closure. In our series, vessel loop closure was protective against the need for skin grafting. Due to the small sample size in the NPWT group, caution should be taken when generalising these results. Further research is needed to determine if NPWT assisted closure of fasciotomy wounds truly leads to an increased requirement for skin grafting, or if the vascular injury is the main risk factor.
Taper junction failure in large-diameter metal-on-metal bearings
Authors: Langton D. J. , Sidaginamale R. , Lord J. K. , Nargol A. V. F. , Joyce T. J. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives An ongoing prospective study to investigate failing metal-on-metal hip prostheses was commenced at our centre in 2008. We report on the results of the analysis of the first consecutive 126 failed mated total hip prostheses from a single manufacturer. Methods Analysis was carried out using highly accurate coordinate measuring to calculate volumetric and linear rates of the articular bearing surfaces and also the surfaces of the taper junctions. The relationship between taper wear rates and a number of variables, including bearing diameter and orientation of the acetabular component, was investigated. Results The measured rates of wear and distribution of material loss from the taper surfaces appeared to show that the primary factor leading to taper failure is the increased lever arm acting on this junction in contemporary large-diameter metal-on-metal hip replacements. Conclusions Our analysis suggests that varus stems, laterally engaging taper systems and larger head diameters all contribute to taper failure.
Osteoporosis in the community
Authors: Gill T. K. , Taylor A. W. , Hill C. L. , Phillips P. J. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives To assess the sensitivity and specificity of self-reported osteoporosis compared with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) defined osteoporosis, and to describe medication use among participants with the condition. Methods Data were obtained from a population-based longitudinal study and assessed for the prevalence of osteoporosis, falls, fractures and medication use. DXA scans were also undertaken. Results Overall 3.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.2 to 4.5) of respondents and 8.8% (95% CI 7.5 to 10.3) of those aged ≥ 50 years reported that they had been diagnosed with osteoporosis by a doctor. The sensitivity (those self-reporting osteoporosis and having low bone mineral density (BMD) on DXA) was low (22.7%), although the specificity was high (94.4%). Only 16.1% of those aged ≥ 50 years and with DXA-defined osteoporosis were taking bisphosphonates. Conclusions The sensitivity of self-reporting to identify osteoporosis is low. Anti-osteoporotic medications are an important part of osteoporosis treatment but opportunities to use appropriate medications were missed and inappropriate medications were used.
A randomised control trial to evaluate the efficacy of autologous blood injection versus local corticosteroid injection for treatment of lateral epicondylitis
Authors: Dojode C. M. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives Local corticosteroid infiltration is a common practice of treatment for lateral epicondylitis. In recent studies no statistically significant or clinically relevant results in favour of corticosteroid injections were found. The injection of autologous blood has been reported to be effective for both intermediate and long-term outcomes. It is hypothesised that blood contains growth factors, which induce the healing cascade. Methods A total of 60 patients were included in this prospective randomised study: 30 patients received 2 ml autologous blood drawn from contralateral upper limb vein + 1 ml 0.5% bupivacaine, and 30 patients received 2 ml local corticosteroid + 1 ml 0.5% bupivacaine at the lateral epicondyle. Outcome was measured using a pain score and Nirschl staging of lateral epicondylitis. Follow-up was continued for total of six months, with assessment at one week, four weeks, 12 weeks and six months. Results The corticosteroid injection group showed a statistically significant decrease in pain compared with autologous blood injection group in both visual analogue scale (VAS) and Nirschl stage at one week (both p < 0.001) and at four weeks (p = 0.002 and p = 0.018, respectively). At the 12-week and six-month follow-up, autologous blood injection group showed statistically significant decrease in pain compared with corticosteroid injection group (12 weeks: VAS p = 0.013 and Nirschl stage p = 0.018; six months: VAS p = 0.006 and Nirschl p = 0.006). At the six-month final follow-up, a total of 14 patients (47%) in the corticosteroid injection group and 27 patients (90%) in autologous blood injection group were completely relieved of pain. Conclusions Autologous blood injection is efficient compared with corticosteroid injection, with less side-effects and minimum recurrence rate.
Blood metal ion testing is an effective screening tool to identify poorly performing metal-on-metal bearing surfaces
Authors: Sidaginamale R. P. , Joyce T. J. , Lord J. K. , Jefferson R. , Blain P. G. , Nargol A. V. F. , Langton D. J. 
Published: July 2013

Objectives The aims of this piece of work were to: 1) record the background concentrations of blood chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) concentrations in a large group of subjects; 2) to compare blood/serum Cr and Co concentrations with retrieved metal-on-metal (MoM) hip resurfacings; 3) to examine the distribution of Co and Cr in the serum and whole blood of patients with MoM hip arthroplasties; and 4) to further understand the partitioning of metal ions between the serum and whole blood fractions. Methods A total of 3042 blood samples donated to the local transfusion centre were analysed to record Co and Cr concentrations. Also, 91 hip resurfacing devices from patients who had given pre-revision blood/serum samples for metal ion analysis underwent volumetric wear assessment using a coordinate measuring machine. Linear regression analysis was carried out and receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to assess the reliability of metal ions to identify abnormally wearing implants. The relationship between serum and whole blood concentrations of Cr and Co in 1048 patients was analysed using Bland-Altman charts. This relationship was further investigated in an in vitro study during which human blood was spiked with trivalent and hexavalent Cr, the serum then separated and the fractions analysed. Results Only one patient in the transfusion group was found to have a blood Co > 2 µg/l. Blood/Serum Cr and Co concentrations were reliable indicators of abnormal wear. Blood Co appeared to be the most useful clinical test, with a concentration of 4.5 µg/l showing sensitivity and specificity for the detection of abnormal wear of 94% and 95%, respectively. Generated metal ions tended to fill the serum compartment preferentially in vivo and this was replicated in the in vitro study when blood was spiked with trivalent Cr and bivalent Co. Conclusions Blood/serum metal ion concentrations are reliable indicators of abnormal wear processes. Important differences exist however between elements and the blood fraction under study. Future guidelines must take these differences into account.
No evidence of long-term benefits of arthroscopic acromioplasty in the treatment of shoulder impingement syndrome
Authors: Ketola S. , Lehtinen J. , Rousi T. , Nissinen M. , Huhtala H. , Konttinen Y. T. , Arnala I. 
Published: July 2013

ObjectivesTo report the five-year results of a randomised controlled trial examining the effectiveness of arthroscopic acromioplasty in the treatment of stage II shoulder impingement syndrome.MethodsA total of 140 patients were randomly divided into two groups: 1) supervised exercise programme (n = 70, exercise group); and 2) arthroscopic acromioplasty followed by a similar exercise programme (n = 70, combined treatment group).ResultsThe main outcome measure was self-reported pain as measured on a visual analogue scale. At the five-year assessment a total of 109 patients were examined (52 in the exercise group and 57 in the combined treatment group). There was a significant decrease in mean self-reported pain on the VAS between baseline and the five-year follow-up in both the exercise group (from 6.5 (1 to 10) to 2.2 (0 to 8); p < 0.001) and the combined treatment group (from 6.4 (2 to 10) to 1.9 (0 to 8); p < 0.001). The same trend was seen in the secondary outcome measures (disability, working ability, pain at night, Shoulder Disability Questionnaire and reported painful days). An intention-to-treat analysis showed statistically significant improvements in both groups at five years compared with baseline. Further, improvement continued between the two- and five-year timepoints. No statistically significant differences were found in the patient-centred primary and secondary parameters between the two treatment groups.ConclusionsDifferences in the patient-centred primary and secondary parameters between the two treatment groups were not statistically significant, suggesting that acromioplasty is not cost-effective. Structured exercise treatment seems to be the treatment of choice for shoulder impingement syndrome.
The Nous Doctrine in Plato’s Thought
Authors: Mason Andrew 
Published: July 2013

AbstractThe article argues that the doctrine that nous rules the world plays a decisive role in the development of Plato’s thought, despite the strong critique of Anaxagoras in the Phaedo and the absence of the doctrine in other middle dialogues such as the Republic. It addresses the Timaeus as a transformative rehabilitation of the nous doctrine, through the ‘world-soul,’ the demiurge, and the class of other gods. It then considers the ways this schema is modified in later dialogues (Statesman, Philebus, Laws) in light of the suppression of the problem of natural disaster in the Timaeus.
The economic potential of beach-cast seagrass – Cymodocea nodosa: a promising renewable source of chicoric acid
Authors: Grignon-Dubois Micheline , Rezzonico Bernadette 
Published: July 2013

Abstract
Detrital and fresh specimens of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa (Cymodoceaceae) from the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea were screened for their phenolic content. For the first time, the major polyphenol was identified as chicoric acid (CA) by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet spectra, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, and comparison with standards. The CA content of the crude extracts was determined by quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography. The values found in the leaves ranged from 8.13 to 27.44 mg g-1 dw. The concentration was smaller in the rhizomes, with 0.31–3.70 mg g-1 dw. The phenolic profile was found to be similar whatever the geographical location in the Atlantic Ocean or the Mediterranean Sea. Considering the demonstrated therapeutic applications of CA, its high value on the nutraceutical market, and its rare occurrence in the plant kingdom, the high content found in C. nodosa detrital leaves makes this abundant biomass of interest for dietary and pharmaceutical applications.
Interaction between Occupational Stress and GR Gene Polymorphisms on Essential Hypertension among Railway Workers
Authors: Lin Sihao , Liu Baoying , Wu Chuancheng , Zhou Hui , Courtice Midori N. , Zhu Dandan 
Published: July 2013

Interaction between Occupational Stress and GR Gene Polymorphisms on Essential Hypertension among Railway Workers: Sihao LIN, et al. JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China—ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the interactions of occupational stress and glucocorticoid receptor gene (GR) polymorphisms on essential hypertension (EH) among Chinese railway workers.MethodsA case‐control study was conducted with 196 EH cases and matched controls from male railway employees. Occupational stress was scaled by a validated Chinese version of the Occupational Stress Inventory. Information on risk factors for hypertension, including smoking, alcohol consumption, family hypertension history and body mass index, was collected by face to face interviews. Genotypes of GR BCL1 and G678S genes were determined with PCR‐RFLP. Conditional logistic regression was applied to examine the interactions of occupational stress and GR gene polymorphisms with adjustment for potential confounders.ResultsA positive relationship was observed in the CG/GG genotype compared with the CC genotype in the GRBCL1 gene. The interaction between the GRBCL1 gene and occupational stress was statistically significant on EH. The odds ratio (OR) was 1.56 (95% CI: 0.93, 2.63) when comparing the CG/GG genotype of the GRBCL1 gene with low/medium personal strain with the CC genotype with low/medium strain, whereas the OR was 3.43 (95% CI: 1.45, 8.12) when comparing the same genotype with high strain with the same reference. A similar pattern of association was observed for the CG/GG genotype of the GRBCL1 gene with low/medium occupational stress (OR=1.32, 95% CI: 0.76, 2.30) and with high occupational stress (OR=3.58, 95% CI: 1.60, 8.02).ConclusionsThis study suggests that the CG/GG genotype in GRBCL1 possibly interacts with occupational stress in increasing the risk for essential hypertension in the railway workers, but more studies with larger samples are needed to confirm the finding.
Long Work Hours and Obesity in Korean Adult Workers
Authors: Jang Tae‐Won , Kim Hyoung‐Ryoul , Lee Hye‐Eun , Myong Jun‐Pyo , Koo Jung‐Wan 
Published: July 2013

Long Work Hours and Obesity in Korean Adult Workers: Tae‐Won JANG,et al. Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Korea—ObjectivesThe present study was designed to identify the association between work hours and obesity in Korean adult manual and nonmanual workers, and to determine whether there is a gender difference in this association.MethodsThe study was conducted using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data collected between 2007 and 2010. Individuals aged below 25 or over 64 years, pregnant women, part‐time workers, soldiers, housewives and students were excluded. The total number of individuals included in the analysis was 8,889 (5,241 male and 3,648 female subjects). The outcome variable was obesity, defined as body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Variables considered in the model were age, education, income, marital status, alcohol drinking, smoking, daily energy intake, physical activity, sleep hours per day, the type of job, work hours, and work schedule. Work hours were categorized as <40, 40−48 (reference), 49−60, and >60 hours per week.ResultsIn the multiple SURVEYLOGISTIC regression analyses, the adjusted odds ratio of obesity for long work hours (>60 hours per week) in male manual workers was 1.647 (95% confidence interval 1.262−2.151). Long work hours did not significantly increase the odds ratio for obesity in male nonmanual workers and female manual and nonmanual workers.ConclusionsMore than 60 work hours per week increased the risk of obesity in Korean male manual workers. This result might be helpful in preventing obesity in Korean adult workers, especially male manual workers.