bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPACT OF THE COMBINATION OF MANAGERIAL EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS ON AN ORGANIZATION
Authors: Saha Gopal Chandra , Akber  , Roy Aditi , Reza Kazi Latifur , Akther Suma , Afrin Sumaiya , Rahman Mohammad Anisur 
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This study aims to determine the impact of the combination of managerial efficiency and effectiveness on an organization.

Theoretical Framework: A leader's capacity to produce desired outcomes is managerial effectiveness. Whether he can effectively achieve those outcomes depends on how well he uses his skills and abilities when leading and guiding others. If he succeeds, his accomplishments could give the company a competitive edge over its competitors in the future.

Methods: The study's purpose is to conduct a literature review, and for this, secondary data was surveyed to acquire information on managerial efficiency vs. managerial effectiveness for the study. To meet this article's purpose, the terms effectiveness and efficiency have been defined.

Results and Conclusion: Examining the results each notion seeks to attain will compare and contrast these conceptions. Overall, it will shed more light on the meaning of these words and assist us in applying this knowledge to how we conduct ourselves to increase our financial performance. The findings showed that only efficient or effective managerial skills cannot fulfill the company's desired performance, and it causes maximum waste of resources at a time. It has been shown that the blend of managerial effectiveness and efficiency is crucial for achieving organizational goals without unwanted resource disbursement.

Originality: The significance of this study is that there has been an impact of managerial effectiveness and efficiency on the organization. Several literatures have been covered in this study broadly. Divleii et al. generated one notable piece of literature on this topic in 2015.
Second Stage Mote System PM10 Emission Factors and Rates for Cotton Gins: Method 201A PM10 Sizing Cyclones
Authors: Buser Michael , Whitelock Derek , Boykin Clif , Holt Gregory 
Published: June 2024

This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of stack sampling. The impetus behind this project was the urgent need to collect cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues. A key component of this study was focused on EPA emission factors for particulate matter with a particle diameter nominally less than or equal to 10 µm (PM10). The 1996 EPA AP-42 emission factors were assigned quality ratings, from A (Excellent) to E (Poor), to assess the quality of the data being referenced. Emission factor quality ratings for cotton gins are extremely low. Also, some commonly used cotton gin systems were not represented or were combined with another system under a single emission factor in AP-42. There were no 1996 EPA AP-42 emission factors published for 2nd stage mote systems. The objective of this study was to collect PM10 emission factor data for 2nd stage mote systems at cotton gins located in regions across the cotton belt based on EPA-approved stack sampling methodology, Method 201A. The project plan included sampling seven cotton gins across the cotton belt. Key factors for selecting specific cotton gins included: 1) facility location, 2) production capacity, 3) processing systems. and 4) abatement technologies. Five of the seven gins were equipped with 2nd stage mote systems that were not combined with 1st stage mote systems. In terms of capacity, the five gins were typical of the industry, averaging 29.4 bales/h during testing. The 2nd stage mote system average emission factors for PM10 and total particulate were 0.0081 kg/227-kg bale (0.018 lb/500-lb bale) and 0.011 kg/bale (0.025 lb/bale), respectively. System average PM10 and total particulate emission factors were lower than those currently published in EPA AP-42 for 1st and 2nd stage mote systems combined. The 2nd stage mote system PM10 emission rate test averages ranged from 0.072 to 0.59 kg/h (0.16-1.31 lb/h). The ratio of 2nd stage mote system PM10 to total particulate was 72.1%.
Combined Mote System PM10 Emission Factors and Rates for Cotton Gins: Hope Method 201A PM10 Sizing Cyclones
Authors: Whitelock Derek , Buser Michael , Boykin Clif , Holt Gregory 
Published: June 2024

This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of stack sampling. The impetus behind this project was the urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues. A key component of this study was focused on EPA emission factors for particulate matter with a particle diameter nominally less than or equal to 10 µm (PM10). The 1996 EPA AP-42 emission factors were assigned quality ratings, from A (Excellent) to E (Poor), to assess the quality of the data being referenced. Emission factor quality ratings for cotton gins were extremely low. Cotton gin data received these low ratings because they were collected almost exclusively from a single geographical region. The objective of this study was to collect additional PM10 emission factor data for combined mote systems at cotton gins located in regions across the cotton belt based on EPA-approved stack sampling methodology, Method 201A. The project plan included sampling seven cotton gins across the cotton belt. Key factors for selecting specific cotton gins included: 1) facility location, 2) production capacity, 3) processing systems, and 4) abatement technologies. Two of the seven gins were equipped with combined mote systems where the 1st and 2nd stage mote system exhaust airstreams were combined. In terms of capacity, the two gins were typical of the industry, averaging 35.1 bales/h during testing. The combined mote system average emission factors for PM10 and total particulate were 0.098 kg/227-kg bale (0.215 lb/500-lb bale) and 0.141 kg/bale (0.310 lb/bale), respectively. System average PM10 and total particulate emission factors were higher than those currently published in EPA AP-42. The combined mote system PM10 emission rate test averages ranged from 2.57 to 4.28 kg/h (5.66-9.44 lb/h). The ratio of combined mote system PM10 to total particulate was 69.3%.
First Stage Lint Cleaning Systems Emission Factors and Rates for Cotton Gins: Method 201A PM10 Sizing Cyclones
Authors: Buser Michael , Whitelock Derek , Boykin Clif , Holt Gregory 
Published: June 2024

This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of stack sampling. The impetus behind this project was the urgent need to collect cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues. A key component of this study was focused on EPA emission factors for particulate matter with a particle diameter nominally less than or equal to 10 µm (PM10). The 1996 EPA AP-42 emission factors were assigned quality ratings, from A (Excellent) to E (Poor), to assess the quality of the data being referenced. Emission factor quality ratings for cotton gins were extremely low. Also, some commonly used cotton gin systems were not represented or were combined with another system under a single emission factor in AP-42. No EPA AP-42 emission factors were published for 1st stage lint cleaning systems. The objective of this study was to collect PM10 emission factor data for 1st stage lint cleaning systems at cotton gins located in regions across the cotton belt based on EPA-approved stack sampling methodology, Method 201A. The project plan included sampling seven cotton gins across the cotton belt. Key factors for selecting specific cotton gins included: 1) facility location, 2) production capacity, 3) processing systems and 4) abatement technologies. Four of the seven gins were equipped with 1st stage lint cleaning systems where the exhaust airstreams were not combined with 2nd stage lint cleaning systems. In terms of capacity, the four gins were typical of the industry, averaging 28.1 bales/h during testing. Some test runs, included in the analyses, had cotton lint fibers that collected in the ≤ 10 µm samples. This larger lint material can affect the reported emissions data, but EPA Method 201A does not suggest methods to account for these anomalies. The 1st stage lint cleaning system average emission factors for PM10 and total particulate were 0.041 kg/227-kg bale (0.091 lb/500-lb bale) and 0.066 kg/bale (0.146 lb/bale), respectively. System average PM10 and total particulate emission factors were lower than those currently published in EPA AP-42 for 1st and 2nd stage lint cleaning systems combined. The 1st stage lint cleaning system PM10 emission rate test averages ranged from 0.26 to 2.92 kg/h (0.58-6.44 lb/h). The ratio of 1st stage lint cleaning system PM10 to total particulate was 62.3%.
First Stage Seed-Cotton Cleaning System PM10 Emission Factors and Rates for Cotton Gins: Method 201A PM10 Sizing Cyclones
Authors: Buser Michael , Whitelock Derek , Boykin Clif , Holt Gregory 
Published: June 2024

This report is part of a project to characterize cotton gin emissions from the standpoint of stack sampling. The impetus behind this project was the urgent need to collect additional cotton gin emissions data to address current regulatory issues. A key component of this study was focused on EPA emission factors for particulate matter with a particle diameter nominally less than or equal to 10 µm (PM10). The 1996 EPA AP-42 emission factors were assigned quality ratings, from A (Excellent) to E (Poor), to assess the quality of the data being referenced. Emission factor quality ratings for cotton gins were extremely low. Cotton gin data received these low ratings because they were collected almost exclusively from a single geographical region. The objective of this study was to collect additional PM10 emission factor data for 1st stage seed-cotton cleaning systems at cotton gins located in regions across the cotton belt based on EPA-approved stack sampling methodology, Method 201A. The project plan included sampling seven cotton gins across the cotton belt. Key factors for selecting specific cotton gins included: 1) facility location, 2) production capacity, 3) processing systems and 4) abatement technologies. In terms of capacity, the seven gins were typical of the industry, averaging 31.9 bales/h during testing. Some test runs were excluded from the test averages because they failed to meet EPA Method 201A test criteria. Also, other test runs, included in the analyses, had cotton lint fibers that collected in the ≤ 10 µm samples. This larger lint material can affect the reported emissions data, but EPA Method 201A does not suggest methods to account for these anomalies. The 1st stage seed-cotton cleaning system average emission factors for PM10 and total particulate were 0.097 kg/227-kg bale (0.215 lb/500-lb bale) and 0.144 kg/bale (0.317 lb/bale), respectively. The system average PM10 emission factor was higher, and the system average total particulate emission factor was lowerthan those currently published in EPA AP-42. First stage seed-cotton cleaning system PM10 emission rate test averages ranged from 1.61 to 4.72 kg/h (3.55 to 10.40 lb/h). The ratio of 1st stage seed-cotton cleaning system PM10 to total particulate was 67.7%.
Impact of Pima Defoliation Timings on Lint Yield and Quality
Authors: Wright Steven , Hutmacher Robert , Banuelos Gerardo , Rios Sonia , Hutmacher Kelly , Munk Daniel , Wilson Katherine , Wrobles Jonathan , Keeley Mark 
Published: June 2024

Chemical defoliation is a necessary pre-harvest practice in Pima cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.) production in the San Joaquin Valley of California. Cotton growers are advised to begin defoliation as early as possible with both Pima and Upland cotton, but not so early that it results in yield and quality loss Potentially harvestable bolls often fail to reach full maturity due to the recommended defoliation timing. Applying harvest aids before the recommended maturity can advance the start of harvest, avoiding late-season pests and adverse weather that can damage lint quality. The objective of this research was to compare different rates of Ginstar® (thidiazuron/diuron, Research Triangle Park, NC) or Ginstar plus Finish® (ethephon/cyclanilide, Research Triangle Park, NC) on defoliation, yield, and fiber quality of Pima cotton when applications began at an earlier timing, six to seven NACB (nodes above cracked boll), versus the common four to five NACB timing. ‘Delta Pine DP-340’ (Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO) was treated with harvest aid materials in field trials and was analyzed as a factorial split-plot design with four replications. Starting the defoliation of Pima at six to seven NACB rather than four to five NACB brought about a potential seven to ten day earlier harvest and did not significantly affect yield or cotton fiber quality characteristics except for micronaire in one year of the study. These data indicate that earlier defoliation could be beneficial when later-maturing crops or worsening harvest-season weather necessitate the initiation of an earlier harvest.
Cluster sampling methodology to evaluate immunization coverage
Authors: Sharma Aishwarya , Jain RB , Satija Jitesh , Sharma Aditi , Sharma Avani , Shekhawat Sudhir 
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND
Immunization is a key component of primary health care and an indisputable human right. Vaccines are critical to the prevention and control of infectious disease outbreaks. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated disruptions over the past two years have strained the health systems, with many children missing out on essential childhood vaccines.
AIM
To evaluate the immunization coverage among 12-23-month-old children in the rural areas of Community Health Centre (CHC) Dighal and to determine the factors influencing the existing immunization coverage.
METHODS
A coverage evaluation survey was conducted according to the 30-cluster sampling technique, which is the standard methodology for such surveys devised by World Health Organization. A total of 300 children aged 12-23 months were included, whose immunization details were noted from their immunization cards.
RESULTS
Full immunization rate was noted in 86.7% of the children, with partial and non-immunized children accounting for 9% and 4.3% respectively. The full immunization dropout rate was 4.2%. The common reasons for partial or non-immunization were family problem including illness of mother, vaccine not being available and child being ill. Place of birth (P = 0.014) and availability of immunization card (P < 0.001) were significant predictors of the immunization status. Since the study was conducted in 2020/2021, health services were disrupted due to the COVID-19 lockdown.
CONCLUSION
Due to the coverage being higher than the national average, it was concluded that the immunization coverage was optimal and not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Strategi Pemberdayaan Pengrajin Gula Semut di Kabupaten Kebumen Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Authors: Santi Mariani Shinta 
Published: June 2024

Latar Belakang: Kabupaten Kebumen memiliki potensi tanaman kelapa produktif sebagai bahan baku pembuatan gula semut. Pengembangan gula semut lebih optimal dilakukan dengan sistem kemitraan. Di Kabupaten Kebumen terdapat dua perusahaan yang bergerak pada komoditas gula semut yaitu CV. Agroberdikari dan CV. Rukun Mulyo.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberdayaan pengrajin gula semut di Kabupaten Kebumen dan untuk merumuskan strategi pemberdayaan pengrajin gula semut di Kabupaten Kebumen.
Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan metode pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis data menggunakan evaluasi CIPP dengan interpretasi nilai menggunakan Rumus Persentase Skala Likert. Perumusan strategi pemberdayaan pengrajin gula semut menggunakan analisis SWOT QSPM.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa program pemberdayaan pengrajin gula semut dengan nilai tertinggi adalah variabel process, dengan skor 73,61%. Adapun nilai terendah pada variabel input, sebesar 68,22%. Secara keseluruhan, hasil evaluasi CIPP menunjukan program pemberdayaan pengrajin gula semut di Kabupaten Kebumen sudah berjalan efektif, dengan nilai 72,79%. Analisis SWOT QSPM mendapatkan hasil prioritas utama strategi yang dapat diaplikasikan perusahaan adalah inovasi varian produk dengan penambahan bahan lain seperti rempah-rempah
Kesimpulan: Kebumen Regency has the potential of productive coconut plants as raw material for making palm sugar. The development of palm sugar is more optimal carried out with a partnership system. There are two companies that operate in the palm sugar commodity in Kebumen Regency, namely CV. Agroberdikari and CV. Rukun Mulyo. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of empowering palm sugar farmers in Kebumen Regency and to formulate a strategy for empowering palm sugar farmers in Kebumen Regency.
HUBUNGAN BERAT BADAN LAHIR, STATUS GIZI, DAN USIA TERHADAP KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA PADA BALITA DI RSUD PRAYA
Authors: Dwik Putra Nickontara  , Sahrun  , Nyoman Cahyadi Tri Setiawan  , I Gusti Putu Winangun  
Published: June 2024

Pneumonia adalah infeksi parenkim paru (alveoli) yang bersifat akut, secara klinis pneumonia didefinisikan sebagai suatu peradangan parenkim paru distal dari bronkiolus terminalis mencakup bronkiolus respiratorius dan alveoli serta menimbulkan konsolidasi jaringan paru dan gangguan pertukaran gas setempat. Tujuan penlitian ini untuk menganalisis Berat badan lahir, status gizi, dan usia terhadap kejadian pneumonia pada balita di RSUD Praya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasional analitik dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUD Praya pada bulan oktober 2023 sampai 30 November 2023. Sampel berjumlah 253 yang diambil dari data rekam medis. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji kolerasi Chi-Square dengan batas nilai signifikasi adalah (p-value < 0,05). Karakteristik sampel didominasi berjenis kelamin laki-laki (51%) dan sampel jenis kelamin perempuan (49%). Sampel pneumonia (67%) dan sampel non-pneumonia (33%). Sampel Berat badan lahir rendah (53%) dan sampel berat badan lahir normal(47%). Sampel Status gizi kurang (55%) dan sampel status gizi baik (45%). Sampel Usia <12 bulan (60%)dan sampel usia 13-48 bulan (40%). Pada analisis bivariat didapatkan hasil berat badan lahir rendah (p=0,001; PR=2,342), Status gizi (p=0,001; PR=2,480), dan Usia (p=0,743 ; PR = 0,971). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara Berat badan lahir rendah dan status gizi kurang terhadap kejadian pneumonia pada balita, sedangkan Usia balita tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian pneumonia pada balita.
Antibiotics Prophylaxis for Implant Surgery in Nigeria
Authors: Ikimi Nathan  Ukuoghene , Bello Seidu Adebayo , Agboghoroma Gloria  Okeoghenemaro , Obagbemiro Kolawole Olalekan 
Published: June 2024

Abstract
Objectives: Bacterial contamination of dental implants during insertion is of serious concern to dental surgeons as it poses significant risk to the success of the procedure. Consequently, routine use of antibiotic prophylaxis during dental implant surgery has been recommended. This study was designed to investigate the use of antibiotics prophylaxis in implant surgery among dentists in Nigeria; to determine the preferred choice, and dosage of antibiotics prophylaxis.
Material and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of dental surgeons prescribing antibiotics prophylaxis for implant surgery in Nigeria. Using Survey Monkey (By Momentive.ai. California, USA) questionnaire investigating choice, dosage and prescription pattern of antibiotic prophylaxis was posted electronically on the WhatsApp Group platforms of the Nigeria Dental Association (NDA) for a period of 3months. Permission to carry out the survey among dental surgeons on the electronic platform was granted by NDA. Data was analyzed with SPSS 25.0 statistics program (SPSS® Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) and statistical significance was set for p≤0.01.
Results: Dental Surgeons that returned the completed forms were 72, among which 63.9% prescribed antibiotics prophylaxis. Respondents that administered antibiotics prophylaxis 24hours before surgery were 48.2% and this is statistically significant at p-value 0.266. Clindamycin was the preferred choice of antibiotic for 30.6% and this is statistically significant at p-value 0.743. A 5-day regular dose of Clindamycin 150mg 6hourly beginning 24hours before surgery was practiced by 58.3%. Amoxicillin at 500mg 8hrly for 5 days is the second most commonly used antibiotic prophylaxis.

Conclusion: The result from this study suggests that a high number of respondents were using antibiotics prophylaxis before placing implant, and this is in consonance with studies from other parts of the world. Clindamycin 150mg 6hourly for 5days, beginning 24hours before surgery was the preferred choice.

Key Words: Antibiotics, Contamination, Implant Surgery, Prophylaxis.
Impact of Strategic Vigilance on Operational Excellence: The Case of Top Ten Malls in Amman City – Jordan
Authors: Al-Hussein Mohammad Abdel- Hammed Ali , Alabdallat Wesam Ibrahaim Mohammad , Abualfalayeh Ghaith , Qatawneh Adel 
Published: June 2024

This research aims at investigating impact of employing strategic vigilance with its dimensions (technological, marketing and competitive) on achieving operational excellence in top ten malls in Amman City- Jordan. To achieve objectives of the research, the researcher used the descriptive analytical research method due to its relevance to conduct social and humanitarian researches. Study population consisted of managers and heads of divisions working in top ten malls in Amman City- Jordan, their number (200) individuals. Data was collected from two sources, secondary data through referring to the previous relating studies, while primary data was collected through the use of the questionnaire as the main instrument prepared and developed by the researcher. Data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results of data analysis showed that strategic vigilance has a positive impact on operational excellence and achieving competitive advantage. It is recommended that directors and heads of the departments should pay more attention and focus on other dimensions of strategic vigilance through conducting similar studies which other values.