bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of Maternal Autonomy Support between Infancy and Preschool Age
Authors: Matte‐Gagné Célia , Bernier Annie , Gagné Christine 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe goals of this article were to examine (1) the relative and absolute stability of maternal autonomy support between infancy and preschool age, and (2) the moderating role of child gender, maternal attachment state of mind, and stressful life events. Sixty‐nine mother–child dyads participated in five visits when the child was 8, 15, and 18 months, as well as 2 and 3 years. The results suggested that maternal autonomy support is stable in relative terms, but that its mean level decreases over time. Moreover, there was significant relative stability only for mothers of girls, mothers who showed greater coherence of mind with respect to attachment, and mothers who experienced fewer stressful life events. These results speak to the relevance of investigating parent, child, and contextual factors when examining the conditions that promote or hinder stability in parenting behaviors.
Body work in assisted conception: exploring public and private settings
Authors: Kerr Anne 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBody work has been foregrounded in recent sociological writings on health and social care, particularly the emotional labour of patient care. In this article I explore the social and emotional dimensions of body work in assisted conception in private and public National Health Service (NHS) clinics. Drawing on an ethnographic study, I explore how tensions around bodily attributes, treatment costs, clinic performance and the extent of consumer sovereignty were managed in decisions about who to treat and in what manner. In NHS settings, body work involved efforts to standardise and constrain bodies in line with an ethics of justice that included the co‐construction of protocols and performance measurement and a strong emphasis upon teamwork and influencing the behaviour of the sector as a whole. In contrast, body work in private settings was more overtly organised around an ethos of individual consumption that emphasised bespoke treatment together with an active critique of the regulator, based on a strong entrepreneurial ethos. Emotional labour in private settings was also more overt. I conclude by exploring the implications of my analysis for the study of assisted conception, the sociology of body work and the further marketisation and deregulation of medicine.
Food work and feeding assistance on hospital wards
Authors: Heaven Ben , Bamford Claire , May Carl , Moynihan Paula 
Published: September 2012

AbstractApproximately 60 per cent of UK patients aged 65 years or older are at risk of malnutrition or their situation worsening while in hospital. We report the results of a qualitative study embedded in research to prevent malnutrition in older people in hospital (the mappmal study). Our aim was to understand and describe processes that promote or inhibit nutrition in hospital. Throughout 2009 we examined meal services at four UK hospital sites across two regional locations, focusing on older patients admitted with dementia, for stroke or for fractured neck of femur. Data were collected through semi‐structured interviews with National Health Service staff (n = 54), stakeholders (n = 6), and a focus group with former patients and carers (n = 5). We identified ward‐based food work as a technical and interpersonal challenge in narratives around malnutrition. Food work constituted two overlapping spheres of activity: interpersonal engagement through feeding assistance and reassurance and the arrangement of resources that facilitate meals such as the preparation of food trolleys. Our analysis is framed by the literature on emotional labour, dirty work and the professionalisation of nursing. We demonstrate how food work is overlooked by being conceptualised as common sense and as one of the most mundane and elementary tasks in hospitals.
Unemployment, gender and mental health: the role of the gender regime
Authors: Strandh Mattias , Hammarström Anne , Nilsson Karina , Nordenmark Mikael , Russel Helen 
Published: September 2012

AbstractExisting research suggests that gender differences in the effect of unemployment on mental health are related to the different positions and roles that are available for men and women in society and the family; roles that are connected with their different psychosocial and economic need for employment. The aim of this article is to analyse the role of gender in the relationship between unemployment and mental wellbeing in Sweden, representing a gender regime with a similar need for employment among women and men, and Ireland, representing a gender regime in which the need for employment differs between women and men. The results, based on longitudinal data from the two countries, show that unemployment was more negatively related to mental health among men than among women in Ireland, while men and women were equally affected by unemployment in Sweden. Factors related to the family and economic situation, as well as gendered selection into the unemployment population, explains the difference in mental health between unemployed men and women in Ireland. The overall conclusion is that the context has a major influence on the relationship between unemployment, gender and mental health.
The discourse of powerlessness and repression: Identity construction in domestic helper narratives1
Authors: Ladegaard Hans J. 
Published: September 2012

This article analyses domestic helper narratives focusing on identity construction in diaspora. It reports on an ongoing research project in a church shelter in Hong Kong where foreign domestic helpers (FDHs) seek help when they have been abused. Many of the stories told by FDHs are trauma narratives about physical assault, starvation, underpayment, and exploitation, and the article explores how narratives may be used as a means for identity construction, but also as a site for empowering FDHs to re‐author their stories and become agents in their own lives. The analyses show how linguistic resources are used to index different identities. They also show that FDHs have to accept forced identities and fight for their right to re‐author their own life stories. Finally, the article provides examples of private and public discourses about FDHs in Hong Kong and suggests that ideologies of moral exclusion, or the local codes of argument, serve to legitimise their dehumanisation.本文分析散居香港的外籍家庭傭工有關身份建構的敘事話語。本文資料取自一個尚在進行中的研究項目。該項目的受訪者為棲身教會收容所尋求幫助的受虐外傭。項目所收集的訪問內容許多為創傷敘事，涉及身體傷害、飢餓、薪酬不足和剝削。除了探討創傷敘事如何用作身份建構的手段，本文還將探討這些敘事如何賦與受虐外傭話語權，讓她們重敘故事，主宰自己的生活。本文的分析將展現 語言資源如何成為標示不同身份的工具，並將說明：外傭被迫接受強加的身份，並為獲得重敘自己故事的權利而鬥爭。文章提供了關涉香港外傭的個人和公眾話語實例，並認為，道德排外的意識形態或本地輿論準則，對外傭所受非人道待遇的合理化發生了作用。[Chinese]
Effects of juvenile court exposure on crime in young adulthood
Authors: Petitclerc Amélie , Gatti Uberto , Vitaro Frank , Tremblay Richard E. 
Published: September 2012

Background: The juvenile justice system’s interventions are expected to help reduce recidivism. However, previous studies suggest that official processing in juvenile court fails to reduce adolescents’ criminal behavior in the following year. Longer term effects have not yet been investigated with a rigorous method. This study used propensity score matching to assess the impact of juvenile court processing into young adulthood.Method: Participants were part of a prospective longitudinal study of 1,037 boys from low‐ socioeconomic areas of Montreal, followed from ages 6–25 years. During their adolescence, 176 participants were processed in juvenile court, whereas 225 were arrested, but not sent to court. Propensity score matching was used to balance the group of participants exposed to juvenile court and the unexposed comparison group on 14 preadolescent child, family and peer characteristics. The two groups were compared on their official adult criminal outcomes.Results: The risk of conviction for an adult offence was 50.0% for court‐processed participants compared with 24.3% for their matched counterparts, OR = 3.13, 95% CI = 1.80–5.44. Court‐processed participants committed an average of 0.39 violent crimes, compared with 0.15 for their matched counterparts; Poisson model IRR = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.39–4.87. They also committed an average of 2.38 nonviolent crimes, compared to 1.30 for their matched counterparts, IRR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.19–2.93.Conclusions: Rather than decreasing recidivism, juvenile court intervention increased both violent and nonviolent future crimes. Along with previous studies, this study highlights a pressing need for more research and knowledge transfer about effective interventions to reduce recidivism among youths who commit crime.
Intraspecific variation in mitochondrial genome sequence, structure, and gene content in Silene vulgaris, an angiosperm with pervasive cytoplasmic male sterility
Authors: Sloan Daniel B. , Müller Karel , McCauley David E. , Taylor Douglas R. , Štorchová Helena 
Published: September 2012

Summary

In angiosperms, mitochondrial‐encoded genes can cause cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), resulting in the coexistence of female and hermaphroditic individuals (gynodioecy).

We compared four complete mitochondrial genomes from the gynodioecious species Silene vulgaris and found unprecedented amounts of intraspecific diversity for plant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

Remarkably, only about half of overall sequence content is shared between any pair of genomes. The four mtDNAs range in size from 361 to 429 kb and differ in gene complement, with rpl5 and rps13 being intact in some genomes but absent or pseudogenized in others. The genomes exhibit essentially no conservation of synteny and are highly repetitive, with evidence of reciprocal recombination occurring even across short repeats (< 250 bp). Some mitochondrial genes exhibit atypically high degrees of nucleotide polymorphism, while others are invariant. The genomes also contain a variable number of small autonomously mapping chromosomes, which have only recently been identified in angiosperm mtDNA. Southern blot analysis of one of these chromosomes indicated a complex in vivo structure consisting of both monomeric circles and multimeric forms.

We conclude that S. vulgaris harbors an unusually large degree of variation in mtDNA sequence and structure and discuss the extent to which this variation might be related to CMS.
The differing impact of induced astigmatic blur on crowded and uncrowded paediatric visual acuity chart results
Authors: Little Julie Anne , Molloy Jaclyn , Saunders Kathryn J 
Published: September 2012

AbstractPurposeVision screening programs often rely on acuity measures to detect significant refractive error and clinicians use measures of acuity to monitor refractive treatment. This study investigated the effects of induced astigmatism on visual acuity (VA) using several paediatric acuity tests: the Keeler LogMAR crowded and single letter acuity tests, the single letter Sheridan Gardiner chart, and the crowded and single Kay picture tests.MethodsSix fully‐corrected emmetropic adults had induced astigmatic blur imposed at different axes of astigmatism (90°, 180°, 135°, 45°). Astigmatic errors ranged from 0.75 to 3.50 DC. Monocular VA was measured with induced astigmatic blur for each acuity test. Participants and examiner were masked to the axis and power of the astigmatism.ResultsAll participants demonstrated similar variability in performance across acuity charts (p = 0.54). For all charts, there was a linear reduction in VA with increasing amounts of induced astigmatism. The Keeler crowded LogMAR acuity test required the least amount of astigmatic blur to exceed a 0.2 LogMAR threshold (1.17 D, for 90° induced astigmatism), while the crowded and single Kay pictures required the largest magnitudes (2.09 and 2.85 D for 90° induced astigmatism respectively). The most variable acuities were recorded within and between participants with the Sheridan Gardiner chart.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated that none of the acuity charts under test are likely to detect uncorrected astigmatic refractive error unless the magnitude of astigmatism is large. Given the limitations of other paediatric acuity charts under test, it is important that practitioners use a crowded, LogMAR letter chart as soon as it is feasible.
Predicting Interactions among Fishing, Ocean Warming, and Ocean Acidification in a Marine System with Whole‐Ecosystem Models
Authors: Griffith Gary P. , Fulton Elizabeth A. , Gorton Rebecca , Richardson Anthony J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn important challenge for conservation is a quantitative understanding of how multiple human stressors will interact to mitigate or exacerbate global environmental change at a community or ecosystem level. We explored the interaction effects of fishing, ocean warming, and ocean acidification over time on 60 functional groups of species in the southeastern Australian marine ecosystem. We tracked changes in relative biomass within a coupled dynamic whole‐ecosystem modeling framework that included the biophysical system, human effects, socioeconomics, and management evaluation. We estimated the individual, additive, and interactive effects on the ecosystem and for five community groups (top predators, fishes, benthic invertebrates, plankton, and primary producers). We calculated the size and direction of interaction effects with an additive null model and interpreted results as synergistic (amplified stress), additive (no additional stress), or antagonistic (reduced stress). Individually, only ocean acidification had a negative effect on total biomass. Fishing and ocean warming and ocean warming with ocean acidification had an additive effect on biomass. Adding fishing to ocean warming and ocean acidification significantly changed the direction and magnitude of the interaction effect to a synergistic response on biomass. The interaction effect depended on the response level examined (ecosystem vs. community). For communities, the size, direction, and type of interaction effect varied depending on the combination of stressors. Top predator and fish biomass had a synergistic response to the interaction of all three stressors, whereas biomass of benthic invertebrates responded antagonistically. With our approach, we were able to identify the regional effects of fishing on the size and direction of the interacting effects of ocean warming and ocean acidification.Predicción de Interacciones entre Pesca, Calentamiento de Océanos y Acidificación de Océanos en un Sistema Marino con Modelos de Ecosistemas Completos
TIPE2, a Novel Biomarker for Clinical Chronic Kidney Allograft Rejection
Authors: Jia Lining , Gui Baosong , Tian Puxun , Yao Ganglian , Fu Ronguo , Wang Li , Ge Heng , Ou Yan 
Published: September 2012

AbstractTumor necrosis factor‐a—induced protein 8‐like 2 (TIPE2) has an essential role in immune homeostasis, yet the relationship between TIPE2 expression and allograft rejection has not been addressed. Dependent on clinical diagnosis, 96 kidney transplant recipients were divided into three groups, long‐term survival group, acute rejection group (AR) and chronic rejection group (CR). Thirty‐two healthy volunteers were used as a control group. The expression of TIPE2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and kidney biopsy samples was performed using reverse transcript‐polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. The expression of TIPE2 in PBMC of CR group was significantly higher than that of the healthy control (P < 0.001), but TIPE2 expression in AR group was lower than that of control individuals (P < 0.05). The renal expression of TIPE2 in allograft tissue of CR was significantly lower and its expression in AR slightly lower than in normal kidneys. The positive correlation between TIPE2 expression in PBMCs and the CR of allo‐kidney grafts indicates that detection of TIPE2 in the blood samples may be used as one of the diagnosis molecular markers in clinical monitoring kidney chronic rejection.
Polymorphisms of the CD14 Genes are Associated with Susceptibility to Alcoholic Liver Disease in Greek Patients
Authors: Nezi Vasiliki , Deutsch Melanie , Gazouli Maria , Alexopoulou Alexandra , Paparrigopoulos Thomas , Liappas Ioannis A. , Dourakis Spyros P. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundThe incidence and severity of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in chronic drinkers has been found to correlate with some environmental factors and especially with the dose of alcohol consumption, but it is obvious that other parameters clearly contribute to individual alcohol susceptibility. Chronic ethanol exposure leads to continuous endotoxin‐mediated Toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR‐4) and CD14 activation and subsequent cytokine release resulting in chronic inflammation with continued hepatocellular damage. Therefore, genetic studies of polymorphism in TLR‐4 and CD14 genes seem to be appropriate in determining genetic susceptibility to ALD. Our aim is to evaluate in a series of Greek drinkers, the possible association of polymorphisms in the TLR‐4 and CD14 genes with ALD.MethodsIn 96 patients with ALD polymorphism of TLR‐4 and CD14 genes were studied compared with 104 patients with cirrhosis of other etiology, 100 healthy subjects, and 50 patients with a history of alcohol abuse but without liver disease.ResultsNo association between ALD and the presence of the Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms in the TLR‐4 gene could be documented in our patients. Regarding the CD14 −159 (C/T) genotypes, TT genotype and T allele were found to be overrepresented in alcoholic patients compared with patients with nonalcohol‐induced liver disease and healthy controls. On the other side, when compared patients with ALD and patients with alcohol abuse and no liver disease, TT genotype was found to be significantly less frequent. There is no statistically significant association with the presence of the T allele and the severity of ALD, suggesting that CD14 polymorphism does not influence disease severity in advanced stages of the disease.ConclusionsIn our series in Greek patients with alcohol abuse and alcoholic cirrhosis, a significant negative association with the CD14 endotoxin receptor gene polymorphism (TT genotype) but not with the TLR‐4 gene polymorphism was documented.
Survivors of Torture: Prevalence in an Urban Emergency Department
Authors: Hexom Braden , Fernando Dinali , Manini Alex F. , Beattie Lars K. 
Published: September 2012

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:1158–1165 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  Torture has been documented in 132 countries, and approximately 400,000 survivors of torture reside in the United States. It is unknown if torture survivors seek medical care in emergency departments (EDs). The authors set out to estimate the prevalence of survivors of torture presenting to an urban ED.Methods:  A cross‐sectional survey of ED patients was performed by convenience sampling from October 2008 to September 2009 in a large urban teaching hospital in New York City. ED patients not of a vulnerable population were consented and entered into the study. Participants were asked two screening questions to ascertain if they were self‐reported survivors of torture. For exploratory purposes only, these individuals were further queried about their experiences. The detailed responses of these self‐reported survivors of torture were compared to the United Nations Convention Against Torture (UNCAT) definition by a blinded, independent panel.Results:  Of 470 study participants, 54 individuals (11.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 8.6% to 14.4%) self‐reported torture. Nine (16.7%) had ongoing physical disabilities, 30 (55.6%) had recurrent intrusive and distressing memories, 42 (77.8%) never had a physician inquire about torture, and only eight (14.8%) had requested political asylum. Of these self‐reported survivors of torture, 29 (53.7%) met the UNCAT definition, for an adjudicated prevalence of 6.2% (95% CI = 4.3% to 8.7%).Conclusions:  Self‐reported survivors of torture presented to this urban ED, and a significant proportion of them met the UNCAT definition of a torture survivor. Continuing torture‐related medical and psychological sequelae were identified, yet there was a low rate of asylum‐seeking. Only a minority were previously identified by a physician. These data suggest an unrecognized public health concern and an opportunity for emergency physicians to intervene and refer survivors of torture to existing community resources.
The Effect of Ketamine on Intraocular Pressure in Pediatric Patients During Procedural Sedation
Authors: Halstead Sarah M. , Deakyne Sara J. , Bajaj Lalit , Enzenauer Robert , Roosevelt Genie E. 
Published: September 2012

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2012; 19:1145–1150 © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency MedicineAbstractObjectives:  Ketamine is one of the most commonly used procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) agents in pediatric emergency departments (PEDs). It is considered a very safe and reliable agent, with limited respiratory suppression, hemodynamic effects, and adverse outcomes. However, physicians are often reluctant to use ketamine for patients with eye injuries due to a concern that ketamine might increase intraocular pressure (IOP). The objective was to measure IOP in previously healthy children receiving ketamine for PSA for a reason other than eye injury.Methods:  This was a prospective noninferiority study of patients seen in an academic tertiary care children’s hospital emergency department (ED) who required ketamine for PSA. The authors measured IOP in the right eye as soon as possible after ketamine had been administered and then at 2.5, 5, and 10 minutes after ketamine had been administered.Results:  Eighty patients were enrolled (28 between 1 and 5 years of age, 26 between 6 and 10 years, 26 between 11 and 15 years); 49 (61%) were male. Procedures requiring PSA included fracture/dislocation reduction (63%), abscess incision and drainage (16%), laceration repair (11%), dental abscess incision and drainage (6%), and other (4%). The mean total ketamine dosage was 1.6 mg/kg (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4 to 1.7). The mean initial IOP was 17.5 mm Hg (95% CI = 16.4 to 18.6 mm Hg) and at 2.5 minutes was 18.9 mm Hg (95% CI = 17.9 to 19.9 mm Hg). The mean difference was 1.4 mm Hg (95% CI = 0.4 to 2.4 mm Hg). Using a noninferiority margin of 2.6 mm Hg (15%), noninferiority (no significant elevation in IOP) was demonstrated with 95% confidence between the first and second readings.Conclusions:  Ketamine does not significantly increase IOP in pediatric patients without eye injuries receiving typical PSA dosages in the PED. Further study should assess its safety in patients with ocular injury.