bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Groundwater – the disregarded component in lake water and nutrient budgets. Part 2: effects of groundwater on nutrients
Authors: Lewandowski Jörg , Meinikmann Karin , Nützmann Gunnar , Rosenberry Donald O. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLacustrine groundwater discharge (LGD) transports nutrients from a catchment to a lake, which may fuel eutrophication, one of the major threats to our fresh waters. Unfortunately, LGD has often been disregarded in lake nutrient studies. Most measurement techniques are based on separate determinations of volume and nutrient concentration of LGD: Loads are calculated by multiplying seepage volumes by concentrations of exfiltrating water. Typically low phosphorus (P) concentrations of pristine groundwater often are increased due to anthropogenic sources such as fertilizer, manure or sewage. Mineralization of naturally present organic matter might also increase groundwater P. Reducing redox conditions favour P transport through the aquifer to the reactive aquifer‐lake interface. In some cases, large decreases of P concentrations may occur at the interface, for example, due to increased oxygen availability, while in other cases, there is nearly no decrease in P. The high reactivity of the interface complicates quantification of groundwater‐borne P loads to the lake, making difficult clear differentiation of internal and external P loads to surface water. Anthropogenic sources of nitrogen (N) in groundwater are similar to those of phosphate. However, the environmental fate of N differs fundamentally from P because N occurs in several different redox states, each with different mobility. While nitrate behaves essentially conservatively in most oxic aquifers, ammonium's mobility is similar to that of phosphate. Nitrate may be transformed to gaseous N2 in reducing conditions and permanently removed from the system. Biogeochemical turnover of N is common at the reactive aquifer‐lake interface. Nutrient loads from LGD were compiled from the literature. Groundwater‐borne P loads vary from 0.74 to 2900 mg PO4‐P m−2 year−1; for N, these loads vary from 0.001 to 640 g m−2 year−1. Even small amounts of seepage can carry large nutrient loads due to often high nutrient concentrations in groundwater. Large spatial heterogeneity, uncertain areal extent of the interface and difficult accessibility make every determination of LGD a challenge. However, determinations of LGD are essential to effective lake management. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of different calcium contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg‐5Al‐1Bi‐0.3Mn magnesium alloy
Authors: Xiao‐ping Luo , Su‐e Dang , Ya‐qing Zhang 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTThe effect of different Ca contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg‐5Al‐1Bi‐0.3Mn (AMB501) magnesium alloys was investigated by conventional melting and casting technique using different Ca contents (1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 wt %). Increasing the Ca content resulted in higher hardness and yield strength, but decreased elongation. The improved tensile properties of the AM50‐1Bi‐xCa alloys were due to the changes in AMB501 alloy microstructure when the Ca content increased, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrum, and X‐ray diffractometer. The alloy microstructure indicated that the amount of β‐Mg17Al12 phase on grain boundaries decreased and the morphology of β‐Mg17Al12 phase on grain boundaries changed from quasicontinuous‐net shape to dispersed particles. The Mg17Al12 phase disappeared and a new secondary phase Al2Ca appeared after a 3.0 wt % Ca addition. Microsc. Res. Tech. 78:65–69, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fixed point observation of etiology of acute liver failure according to the novel Japanese diagnostic criteria
Authors: Fujiwara Keiichi , Yasui Shin , Yonemitsu Yutaka , Arai Makoto , Kanda Tatsuo , Nakano Masayuki , Oda Shigeto , Yokosuka Osamu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackgroundThere has existed important differences in the definition of acute liver failure (ALF) between Japanese criteria and those of other countries. The novel diagnostic criteria for ALF in Japanese patients were established by the Intractable Hepato‐Biliary Diseases Study Group of Japan, in order to correspond to those for ALF in Europe and the USA. We prospectively diagnosed our ALF patients based on this novel criteria, and discussed the etiology by a fixed point observation.MethodsWe investigated the etiology of 54 adult inpatients and outpatients with ALF between 2010 and 2012.ResultsOf 54 patients, 36 were ALF without coma, 17 ALF with coma and one late onset hepatic failure. The etiology was due to viral infections in 38.9%, autoimmune hepatitis in 11.1%, drug‐induced liver injury in 13.0%, etiologies without hepatitis in 29.6% (circulatory disturbance in 18.5%, infiltration of the liver by malignant cells in 7.4%, and metabolic diseases in 3.7%) and indeterminate causes in 7.4%.ConclusionsCirculatory disturbance was the most frequent etiology according to the novel criteria. Indeterminate etiology was less observed in our study than the nation‐wide survey with significance (P = 0.0014).
Is 3D technique superior to 2D in Down syndrome screening? Evaluation of six second and third trimester fetal profile markers
Authors: Vos F. I. , Bakker M. , de Jong‐Pleij E. A. P. , Ribbert L. S. M. , Tromp E. , Bilardo C. M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this article is to investigate whether in the clinical setting of second trimester ultrasound (US) investigations, 3D multiplanar correction prior to the measurement of Down syndrome (DS) facial markers (nasal bone length, prenasal thickness, fetal profile line, maxilla‐nasion‐mandible angle, prenasal thickness to nasal bone length ratio, and prefrontal space ratio) is superior to subjective judgment of a correct midsagittal plane by 2D technique.MethodsMeasurements were performed on 2D images and 3D volumes (corrected to the midsagittal plane), acquired during the same scanning session.ResultsAll six markers were measured in 105 datasets (75 of euploid fetuses and 30 of DS fetuses). The maxilla‐nasion‐mandible angle measured on 2D images was significantly larger than on 3D volumes (p < 0.01). In all other markers, there was no significant difference between measurements performed on 2D images or 3D volumes. No statistical difference was found for any marker between measurements performed on images acquired by either 2D or 3D US in their ability to discriminate between normal and DS fetuses.ConclusionsNasal bone length, prenasal thickness, fetal profile line, prenasal thickness to nasal bone length ratio, and prefrontal space ratio can be confidently used as DS markers in second trimester US examinations performed by 2D US. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron complexes as photoinitiators for radical and cationic polymerization through photoredox catalysis processes
Authors: Zhang Jing , Campolo Damien , Dumur Frederic , Xiao Pu , Fouassier Jean Pierre , Gigmes Didier , Lalevée Jacques 
Published: October 2014

ABSTRACTSix iron complexes (FeCs) with various ligands have been designed and synthesized. In combination with additives (e.g., iodonium salt, N‐vinylcarbazole, amine, or chloro triazine), the FeC‐based systems are able to efficiently generate radicals, cations, and radical cations on a near UV or visible light‐emitting diode (LED) exposure. These systems are characterized by an unprecedented reactivity, that is, for very low content 0.02% FeC‐based systems is still highly efficient in photopolymerization contrary to the most famous reference systems (Bisacylphosphine oxide) illustrating the performance of the proposed catalytic approach. This work paves the way for polymerization in soft conditions (e.g., on LED irradiation). These FeC‐based systems exhibit photocatalytic properties, undergo the formation of radicals, radical cations, and cations and can operate through oxidation or/and reduction cycles. The photochemical mechanisms for the formation of the initiating species are studied using steady state photolysis, cyclic voltammetry, electron spin resonance spin trapping, and laser flash photolysis techniques. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015, 53, 42–49
Measurement feedback disturbance decoupling in discrete‐event systems
Authors: Kaldmäe Arvo , Kotta Ülle , Shumsky Alexey , Zhirabok Alexey 
Published: October 2014

SummaryThe paper addresses the disturbance decoupling problem by dynamic measurement feedback for discrete event systems. The mathematical technique called the pair algebra of partitions is used. The paper gives sufficient solvability conditions and a procedure to compute the required feedback. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Left intraventricular dyssynchrony caused by a false tendon
Authors: Irie Tadanobu , Kurosawa Koji , Kaneko Yoshiaki , Nakajima Tadashi , Tateno Rieko , Kurabayashi Masahiko 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLeft ventricular (LV) false tendons are usually benign, intraventricular myocardial structures, which may cause functional malfunction or deformation of the LV cavity due to mechanical stretching and dilatation of the LV wall. We present a case of non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy complicated with intraventricular dyssynchrony that was caused by complete left bundle branch block and the mechanical pressure exerted by the stiff false tendon on the weakened mid‐septum during systole.
Creating “Masters of the Country” in Shanghai and Beijing: Discourse and the 1953–54 Local People's Congress Elections
Authors: Zhang Jishun 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe first round of elections for local people's congresses was an important moment in the Chinese Communist Party's efforts to create an image of the common people as the “masters of the country.” Lower-class people were portrayed in official propaganda as “masters” who were also supporters of the Party. Yet, those “masters” nevertheless displayed diverse political attitudes that were influenced by different local political cultures, particularly in Beijing and Shanghai. The official propaganda promoting the “masters” was a Communist strategy to gain political legitimacy that ironically created the foundation for heterodox mass movements.
Implantation of the new Medtronic LINQ™ loop recorder in an infant with ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Hutchinson Lisa J. , Stuart Graham , Walsh Mark A. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThe Medtronic LINQ™ was inserted in an 11-month-old boy for close monitoring of rapid ventricular tachycardia. The device is much smaller than the conventional Medtronic loop recorder. The real advantage of the LINQ™ is that it automatically notifies Carelink if any ventricular tachycardia is seen, which is very advantageous for this particular type of patient. This device is ideal for close monitoring of asymptomatic yet potentially dangerous arrhythmias in smaller children.
Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmitted Electron Backscatter Diffraction Examination of Asbestos Standard Reference Materials, Amphibole Particles of Differing Morphology, and Particle Phase Discrimination from Talc Ores
Authors: Bandli Bryan R. , Gunter Mickey E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSince 1972, when the US Occupational Health and Safety Administration established the first limits on occupational exposure to asbestos fibers, numerous analytical methods employing several microscopy techniques have been developed to identify a group of minerals defined by legislation as asbestos. While transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is implemented in standardized analytical methods, these methods specify the use of selected area electron diffraction. Because of this constraint, the diffraction data a TEM can provide are often underutilized due to challenges associated with collecting and interpreting individual diffraction patterns. It has been shown that transmission electron backscatter diffraction (tEBSD) produces diffraction patterns nearly identical to electron backscatter diffraction, but from smaller crystal domains. This paper explores the utility of tEBSD for characterization of asbestiform particles from reference asbestos materials, a suite of amphibole minerals of varying morphologies to determine if there is a correlation between mineral habit (i.e., crystal form), microscopic particle shape preferred orientation, and mineral specimens from an industrial talc deposit to provide a case study of the utility and limitations of the technique.
The Tunguska event and Cheko lake origin: dendrochronological analysis
Authors: Rosanna Fantucci , Romano Serra , Gunther Kletetschka , Mario Di Martino 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDendrochronological research was carried out on 23 trees samples (Larix sibirica and Picea obovata) sampled during the 1999 expedition in two locations, close to the epicentre zone and near Cheko lake (N 60°57′, E 101°51′). Basal Area Increment (BAI) analysis has shown a general long growth suppression before 1908, the year of Tunguska event (TE), followed by a sudden growth increase due to diminished competition of trees that died due to the event. In one group of the trees, we detected growth decrease for several years (due to damage to the trunk, branches and crown), followed by growth increase during the following 4–14 years. We show that trees that germinated after the TE, and living in close proximity of Cheko lake (Cheko lake trees) had different behaviour patterns when compared to those trees living further from Cheko lake, inside the forest (Forest trees). Cheko lake trees have shown a vigorous continuous growth increase. Forest trees have shown a vigorous growth during the first 10–30 years of age, followed by a period of suppressed growth. We interpret the suppressed growth by the re-established competition with the surroundings trees. Cheko lake pattern, however, is consistent with the formation of the lake at the time of TE. This observation supports the hypothesis that Cheko lake formation is due to a fragment originating during TE, creating a small impact crater into the permafrost and soft alluvial deposits of Kimku River plain. This is further supported by the fact that Cheko lake has an elliptical shape elongated towards the epicentre of TE.
SIRT1 and SIRT2 inhibition impairs pediatric soft tissue sarcoma growth
Authors: Ma L , Maruwge W , Strambi A , D'Arcy P , Pellegrini P , Kis L , de Milito A , Lain S , Brodin B 
Published: October 2014

AbstractSirtuins are NAD+ dependent deacetylases and/or ADP-ribosyl transferases active on histone and non-histone substrates. The first sirtuin was discovered as a transcriptional repressor of the mating-type-loci (Silent Information Regulator sir2) in the budding yeast, where it was shown to extend yeast lifespan. Seven mammalian sirtuins (SIRT1-7) have been now identified with distinct subcellular localization, enzymatic activities and substrates. These enzymes regulate cellular processes such as metabolism, cell survival, differentiation, DNA repair and they are implicated in the pathogenesis of solid tumors and leukemias. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of sirtuin expression, activity and inhibition in the survival of pediatric sarcoma cell lines.We have analyzed the expression of SIRT1 and SIRT2 in a series of pediatric sarcoma tumor cell lines and normal cells, and we have evaluated the activity of the sirtuin inhibitor and p53 activator tenovin-6 (Tv6) in synovial sarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. We show that SIRT1 is overexpressed in synovial sarcoma biopsies and cell lines in comparison with normal mesenchymal cells. Tv6 induced apoptosis as well as impaired autophagy flux. Using siRNA to knock down SIRT1 and SIRT2, we show that the expression of both proteins is crucial for the survival of rhabdomyosarcoma cells and that the loss of SIRT1 expression results in a decreased LC3II expression. Our results show that SIRT1 and SIRT2 expressions are crucial for the survival of synovial sarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas, and demonstrate that the pharmacological inhibition of sirtuins impairs the autophagy process and induces tumor cell death.
JNK–NQO1 axis drives TAp73-mediated tumor suppression upon oxidative and proteasomal stress
Authors: Kostecka A , Sznarkowska A , Meller K , Acedo P , Shi Y , Mohammad Sakil H A , Kawiak A , Lion M , Królicka A , Wilhelm M , Inga A , Zawacka-Pankau J 
Published: October 2014

AbstractHyperproliferating cancer cells produce energy mainly from aerobic glycolysis, which results in elevated ROS levels. Thus aggressive tumors often possess enhanced anti-oxidant capacity that impedes many current anti-cancer therapies. Additionally, in ROS-compromised cancer cells ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is often deregulated for timely removal of oxidized proteins, thus enabling cell survival. Taken that UPS maintains the turnover of factors controlling cell cycle and apoptosis – such as p53 or p73, it represents a promising target for pharmaceutical intervention. Enhancing oxidative insult in already ROS-compromised cancer cells appears as an attractive anti-tumor scenario. TAp73 is a bona fide tumor suppressor that drives the chemosensitivity of some cancers to cisplatin or γ-radiation. It is an important drug target in tumors where p53 is lost or mutated. Here we discovered a novel synergistic mechanism leading to potent p73 activation and cancer cell death by oxidative stress and inhibition of 20S proteasomes. Using a small-molecule inhibitor of 20S proteasome and ROS-inducer – withaferin A (WA), we found that WA-induced ROS activates JNK kinase and stabilizes phase II anti-oxidant response effector NF-E2-related transcription factor (NRF2). This results in activation of Nrf2 target – NQO1 (NADPH quinone oxidoreductase), and TAp73 protein stabilization. The observed effect was ablated by the ROS scavenger – NAC. Concurrently, stress-activated JNK phosphorylates TAp73 at multiple serine and threonine residues, which is crucial to ablate TAp73/MDM2 complex and to promote TAp73 transcriptional function and induction of robust apoptosis. Taken together our data demonstrate that ROS insult in combination with the inhibition of 20S proteasome and TAp73 activation endows synthetic lethality in cancer cells. Thus, our results may enable the establishment of a novel pharmacological strategy to exploit the enhanced sensitivity of tumors to elevated ROS and proteasomal stress to kill advanced tumors by pharmacological activation of TAp73 using molecules like WA.
Latexin sensitizes leukemogenic cells to gamma-irradiation-induced cell-cycle arrest and cell death through Rps3 pathway
Authors: You Y , Wen R , Pathak R , Li A , Li W , St Clair D , Hauer-Jensen M , Zhou D , Liang Y 
Published: October 2014

AbstractLeukemia is a leading cause of cancer death. Recently, the latexin (Lxn) gene was identified as a potential tumor suppressor in several types of solid tumors and lymphoma, and Lxn expression was found to be absent or downregulated in leukemic cells. Whether Lxn functions as a tumor suppressor in leukemia and what molecular and cellular mechanisms are involved are unknown. In this study, the myeloid leukemogenic FDC-P1 cell line was used as a model system and Lxn was ectopically expressed in these cells. Using the protein pull-down assay and mass spectrometry, ribosomal protein subunit 3 (Rps3) was identified as a novel Lxn binding protein. Ectopic expression of Lxn inhibited FDC-P1 growth in vitro. More surprisingly, Lxn enhanced gamma irradiation-induced DNA damages and induced cell-cycle arrest and massive necrosis, leading to depletion of FDC-P1 cells. Mechanistically, Lxn inhibited the nuclear translocation of Rps3 upon radiation, resulting in abnormal mitotic spindle formation and chromosome instability. Rps3 knockdown increased the radiation sensitivity of FDC-P1, confirming that the mechanism of action of Lxn is mediated by Rps3 pathway. Moreover, Lxn enhanced the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agent, VP-16, on FDC-P1 cells. Our study suggests that Lxn itself not only suppresses leukemic cell growth but also potentiates the cytotoxic effect of radio- and chemotherapy on cancer cells. Lxn could be a novel molecular target that improves the efficacy of anti-cancer therapy.
Identification of the role of a MAP kinase Tmk2 in Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei)
Authors: Wang Mingyu , Dong Yanmei , Zhao Qiushuang , Wang Fangzhong , Liu Kuimei , Jiang Baojie , Fang Xu 
Published: October 2014

AbstractDespite the important role of MAPKs in signal transduction, their functions in the cellulase hyper-producing filamentous fungus Hypocrea jecorina haven't been studied except for the Hog1-like Tmk3. In this work, we constructed and explored the features of H. jecorina Δtmk2 to identify the role of this Slt2-homologous Tmk2. It is suggested from the results that Tmk2 is involved in cell wall integrity, sporulation and cellulase production. Although bearing similar roles in cell wall integrity maintenance, Tmk2 and Tmk3 appear to also have distinct functions: Tmk3 participates in high osmolarity resistance while Tmk2 does not; Tmk2 participates in sporulation but not Tmk3; Tmk3 is involved in promoting cellulase production while Tmk2 is involved in repressing cellulase formation. These studies provide the first insight into the function of Tmk2 in H. jecorina and contribute to understanding the signal transduction processes leading to the regulation of cellulase production in this important cellulase hyper-producer.
Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP modulates regulatory T-cell-mediated immunosuppression
Authors: Almahariq Muayad , Mei Fang C. , Wang Hui , Cao Anthony T. , Yao Suxia , Soong Lynn , Sun Jiaren , Cong Yingzi , Chen Ju , Cheng Xiaodong 
Published: October 2014

The cAMP signalling pathway plays an essential role in immune functions. In the present study we examined the role of the cAMP/EPAC1 (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP) axis in regulatory T-cell (Treg)-mediated immunosuppression using genetic and pharmacological approaches. Genetic deletion of EPAC1 in Tregs and effector T-cells (Teffs) synergistically attenuated Treg-mediated suppression of Teffs. Mechanistically, EPAC1 inhibition enhanced activation of the transcription factor STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) and up-regulated SMAD7 expression while down-regulating expression of SMAD4. Consequently, CD4+ T-cells were desensitized to transforming growth factor (TGF) β1, a cytokine employed by Tregs to exert a broad inhibitory function within the immune system. Furthermore, deletion of EPAC1 led to production of significant levels of ovalbumin IgG antibodies in a low-dose, oral-tolerance mouse model. These in vivo observations are consistent with the finding that EPAC1 plays an important role in Treg-mediated suppression. More importantly, pharmacological inhibition of EPAC1 using an EPAC-specific inhibitor recapitulates the EPAC1 deletion phenotype both in vivo and in vitro. The results of the present study show that EPAC1 boosts Treg-mediated suppression, and identifies EPAC1 as a target with broad therapeutic potential because Tregs are involved in numerous pathologies, including autoimmunity, infections and a wide range of cancers.