bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐appraisal of negative emotions in cocaine dependence: dysfunctional corticolimbic activation and connectivity
Authors: Albein‐Urios Natalia , Verdejo‐Román Juan , Asensio Samuel , Soriano‐Mas Carles , Martínez‐González José M. , Verdejo‐García Antonio 
Published: September 2012

AbstractCocaine dependence is associated with pronounced elevations of negative affect and deficient regulation of negative emotions. We aimed to investigate the neural substrates of negative emotion regulation in cocaine‐dependent individuals (CDI), as compared to non‐drug‐using controls, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a re‐appraisal task. Seventeen CDI abstinent for at least 15 days and without other psychiatric co‐morbidities and 18 intelligence quotient‐matched non‐drug‐using controls participated in the study. Participants performed the re‐appraisal task during fMRI scanning: they were exposed to 24 blocks of negative affective or neutral pictures that they should Observe (neutral pictures), Maintain (sustain the emotion elicited by negative pictures) or Suppress (regulate the emotion elicited by negative pictures through previously trained re‐appraisal techniques). Task‐related activations during two conditions of interest (Maintain>Observe and Suppress>Maintain) were analyzed using the general linear model in SPM8 software. We also performed psychophysiological interaction (PPI) seed‐based analyses based on one region from each condition: the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC—Maintain>Observe) and the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG—Suppress>Maintain). Results showed that cocaine users had increased right dlPFC and bilateral temporoparietal junction activations during Maintain>Observe, whereas they showed decreased right IFG, posterior cingulate cortex, insula and fusiform gyrus activations during Suppress>Maintain. PPI analyses showed that cocaine users had increased functional coupling between the dlPFC and emotion‐related regions during Maintain>Observe, whereas they showed decreased functional coupling between the right IFG and the amygdala during Suppress>Maintain. These findings indicate that CDI have dysfunctional corticolimbic activation and connectivity during negative emotion experience and re‐appraisal.
Developmental synchronization of male and female gametophytes in Ginkgo biloba and its neck mother cell division prior to fertilization
Authors: Zhang Zhongming , Clayton Sarah C. , Cui Keming , Lee Chenglee 
Published: September 2012

This study investigated male and female gametophytes in Ginkgo biloba, while a droplet of fluid was present in the fertilization chamber and found that the central cell, the generative cell and the neck mother cell divided simultaneously prior to fertilization. In male gametophytes, the generative cell divided to yield two sperm cells. Concomitantly, the two neck mother cells of the archegonium increased in size then divided asymmetrically resulting in two big cover cells and two small base cells. Each cell had a fixed end in direct contact with an adjacent jacket cell and a free end overlapping its counterpart. This unique arrangement could allow for their free ends to swing into the fertilization chamber as a result of the force from the interior of the archegonium where a polar periclinal division had occurred to produce a canal cell and an egg. The subsequent withdrawal of the content of the archegonium may facilitate the entry of sperm into the archegonium. The neck apparatus closed after the fertilization occurred. The concurrence of the above divisions and the delicate structure of neck apparatus suggest that the gametophytes undergo a synchronization process to become receptive at the time of fertilization. However, the formation of neck cells and the opening time of neck apparatus of the archegonia within the same ovule were slightly different, which could lead to the formation of zygotes at a temporally distinct interval. The earlier formed zygote may progress as the only mature embryo in the ovule.
Fatigue crack growth prediction models for metallic materials
Authors: MACHNIEWICZ T. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTDeterministic models developed to predict fatigue crack growth in metallic materials are considered with special emphasis on approaches suitable for variable amplitude load histories. Part I gives a concise review of available models and their assessment based on reported in the literature comparisons between predicted and observed results. It is concluded that the so‐called strip yield model based on the plasticity induce crack closure mechanism is a most versatile predictive tool convenient to use in the case of mode I crack growth under arbitrary variable amplitude loading. Part II of the paper is focused on the strip yield model and its predictive capabilities. Implementations of this type prediction approach reported in the literature are reviewed. It is shown that decisions regarding the constraint factor conception, a choice of the crack driving force parameter, the crack growth rate description and various numerical details can have a profound effect on the model results and the prediction quality.
Long‐term outcomes of salvage radical cystectomy for recurrent urothelial carcinoma of the bladder following partial cystectomy
Authors: Bruins Harman M. , Wopat Ross , Mitra Anirban P. , Cai Jie , Miranda Gus , Skinner Eila C. , Daneshmand Siamak 
Published: September 2012

Study Type – Therapy (outcomes)Level of Evidence 2bWhat's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Data on the oncological outcomes in patients undergoing salvage cystectomy for recurrent disease following bladder‐sparing treatment is limited and mostly based on case reports.We present the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for recurrent disease following partial cystectomy with long‐term follow‐up.OBJECTIVE
To report the clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in patients undergoing salvage radical cystectomy (sRC) for recurrent urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder following partial cystectomy (PC).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Between 1971 and 2011, a total of 2290 patients underwent radical cystectomy for UC of the bladder, including 72 patients (3.1%) who underwent sRC following PC.
Clinical and pathological data at the time of both PC and sRC were collected.
Median follow‐up time after sRC was 10.9 years. Overall survival and recurrence‐free survival were the primary outcomes of interest.
Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors after sRC.
RESULTS
The median time from PC to sRC was 1.6 years. Median age at sRC was 64 years. Peri‐operative mortality was 2.8%.
After sRC, 44 patients (61.2%) had pathologically organ‐confined disease, 14 patients (19.4%) extravesical disease and 14 patients (19.4%) lymph node positive disease.
Five‐year recurrence‐free survival and overall survival following sRC were 56% and 41%, respectively.
On multivariate analysis, the presence of pathological tumor stage ≥pT3a (hazard ratio 6.86, P < 0.001) and the presence of lymph node metastases (hazard ratio 8.78, P < 0.001) were associated with increased risk of recurrence after sRC.
CONCLUSIONS
sRC can provide prolonged survival following failure of PC.
Prognosis, however, is highly dependent on pathological tumour stage and nodal status at sRC.
Only 15% of patients with locally advanced recurrent disease were salvaged by sRC.
Prostate cancer: germline prediction for a commonly variable malignancy
Authors: Bambury Richard M. , Gallagher David J. 
Published: September 2012

What's known on the subject? and What does the study add?Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease and biomarkers to predict its incidence and subsequent clinical behaviour are needed to tailor screening, prevention and therapeutic strategies. Rare mutations in genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2 and HOXB13 can affect prostate cancer incidence and/or clinical behaviour. Genome wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more common genetic variations that explain an estimated 20% of familial prostate cancer risk.In this review, we focus on the potential of germline genetic variation to provide biomarkers for prostate cancer screening, prevention and management. We discuss how germline genetics may have a role in treatment selection if reliable pharmacogenetic predictors of efficacy and toxicity can be identified. We have outlined possible mechanisms for including germline investigation in future prostate cancer clinical trials.OBJECTIVES
Prostate cancer is a heterogeneous disease and biomarkers to predict its incidence and subsequent clinical behaviour are needed to tailor screening, prevention and therapeutic strategies.
In this review we focus on the potential of germline genetic variation to provide these biomarkers.
METHODS
We review the published literature on germline genetics in prostate cancer and examine the possibility of including germline genetic biomarkers in future prostate cancer clinical trials.
RESULTS
Rare mutations in genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2 and HOXB13 can affect prostate cancer incidence and/or clinical behaviour.
Genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more common genetic variations that explain an estimated 20% of familial prostate cancer risk.
Germline genetics may have a role in treatment selection, if reliable pharmacogenetic predictors of efficacy and toxicity can be identified.
CONCLUSION
This rapidly emerging area of prostate cancer research may provide answers to current clinical conundrums in the prostate cancer treatment paradigm. We have outlined possible mechanisms for including germline investigation in future prostate cancer clinical trial design.
Nurse delivered lifestyle interventions in primary health care to treat chronic disease risk factors associated with obesity: a systematic review
Authors: Sargent G. M. , Forrest L. E. , Parker R. M. 
Published: September 2012

SummaryNurses in primary health care (PHC) provide an increasing proportion of chronic disease management and preventive lifestyle advice. The databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE and PsychINFO were searched and the articles were systematically reviewed for articles describing controlled adult lifestyle intervention studies delivered by a PHC nurse, in a PHC setting. Thirty‐one articles describing 28 studies were analysed by comparison group which revealed: (i) no difference of effect when the same intervention was delivered by a PHC nurse compared to other health professionals in PHC (n = 2); (ii) the provision of counselling delivered by a PHC nurse was more effective than health screening (n = 10); (iii) counselling based on behaviour change theory was more effective than the same dose of non‐behavioural counselling when at least three counselling sessions were delivered (n = 3). The evidence supports the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions delivered by nurses in PHC to affect positive changes on outcomes associated with the prevention of chronic disease including: weight, blood pressure, cholesterol, dietary and physical activity behaviours, patient satisfaction, readiness for change and quality of life. The strength of recommendations is limited by the small number of studies within each comparison group and the high risk of bias of the majority of studies.
Associations among Maternal Behavior, Delay of Gratification, and School Readiness across the Early Childhood Years
Authors: Razza Rachel A. , Raymond Kimberly 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis study examined the developmental pathways from maternal behavior to school readiness within a sample of 1007 children, with a specific focus on the mediating role of delay of gratification (DoG). Maternal behavior across the first 36 months of age was explored as a predictor of children's DoG at 54 months as well as their behavioral and academic competence in kindergarten. Results support sensitivity as a predictor of children's DoG and indicate significant associations between DoG and teacher‐reported externalizing behavior, social skills, and academic skills. Moreover, DoG partially mediated the associations between maternal sensitivity and school readiness skills, with the highest percentage of mediation reported for social skills. Findings indicate maternal sensitivity and DoG as potential targets for efforts aimed at enhancing school readiness among young children.
White matter volume is decreased in the brain of patients with neuromyelitis optica
Authors: Chanson J.‐B. , Lamy J. , Rousseau F. , Blanc F. , Collongues N. , Fleury M. , Armspach J.‐P. , Kremer S. , de Seze J. 
Published: September 2012

BackgroundNeuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an inflammatory disease involving predominantly the spinal cord and optic nerves. Whether patients with NMO have a loss in white or grey matter (GM) volumes remains to be determined.MethodsThirty patients with NMO, 30 healthy subjects matched for age and gender, 21 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 20 patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) were studied. We applied a SIENAX post‐treatment software. We compared white matter (WM) and GM volumes between groups and explored correlations of changes in NMO patients with age, gender, duration, disease severity, visual acuity and T2 hyperintensities. We also performed a voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) analysis to identify the regions affected by loss of volume.ResultsWhite matter volume was significantly reduced in patients with NMO (764.4 ± 58.3 cm3) compared to healthy subjects (843.1 ± 49.3 cm3) (P < 0.001), whereas no difference was observed for the GM. Patients with CIS also presented an elective atrophy of WM and MS an atrophy of both WM and GM. We did not find any predictive factors of brain atrophy. The decrease in WM volume in NMO was noted even in the absence of visible MRI hypersignals. The VBM analysis found a few regions of WM atrophy (corpus callosum and optic radiations, P < 0.005, uncorrected) and a few regions of GM atrophy (thalamus and prefrontal cortex, P < 0.001, uncorrected).ConclusionThese results suggest a significant brain involvement in NMO, especially an involvement of WM which appears not to be limited to secondary degeneration after spinal cord and optic nerve damage.
Estimating the lifetime economic burden of Parkinson's disease in Singapore
Authors: Zhao Y. J. , Tan L. C. S. , Au W. L. , Heng D. M. K. , Soh I. A. L. , Li S. C. , Luo N. , Wee H. L. 
Published: September 2012

Background and purposeWe aimed to estimate the lifetime cost of Parkinson's disease (PD) from the societal perspective.MethodsA convenience sample of English or Chinese‐speaking patients with PD was recruited from a PD and Movement Disorders Centre in Singapore to complete a financial burden questionnaire. Sociodemographic and clinical data were retrieved from hospital databases. Markov cohort model analysis was performed (cycle length, 1‐year; duration, death or reached 100 years old). Patients were assumed to progress from one Markov state to the next state or death without skipping states or regressing. All model parameters were based on published local data.ResultsIn 195 patients with PD (median age: 68.9, male: 51.8%), the simulated lifetime cost of PD was Singapore Dollar (SGD) 60 487 (EUR purchasing power parity 56 253) per patient. Direct medical, non‐medical and indirect cost accounted for 18.8%, 12.8% and 68.4% of total lifetime cost, respectively. The top three components of total lifetime cost were productivity losses (67.6%), pharmacotherapy (11.4%) and home care (8.7%). One‐way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analyses revealed that estimates were sensitive to cost at H&Y stage 1, 2 and 2.5 and productivity losses.ConclusionsThe lifetime cost of PD is evaluated for the first time. This cost is substantial and comparable to the lifetime cost of intracerebral haemorrhage in at least one study. Our study identified several priority areas for research and policy formulation: reducing productivity losses, reducing cost of pharmacotherapy, avoiding hospitalization and reducing home care cost.
Foundation species influence trait‐based community assembly
Authors: Schöb Christian , Butterfield Bradley J. , Pugnaire Francisco I. 
Published: September 2012

Summary

Here, we incorporate facilitation into trait‐based community assembly theory by testing two mutually compatible facilitative mechanisms: changes in the environmental filter, causing either an increase in the range of trait values (i.e. a range expansion effect) and/or a shift in trait distributions (i.e. a range shift effect); and changes in trait spacing, suggesting an effect on niche differentiation.

We analyzed the distribution of three functional traits – leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area and lateral spread – of plant communities dominated by a cushion‐forming foundation species at four sites differing in elevation and aspect.

We found support for environmental filtering and niche differentiation mechanisms by cushions, with filtering effects (in particular range shifts) increasing with environmental severity at higher elevation. The effect size of cushions on trait distribution was similar to that of environmental gradients caused by elevation and aspect. The consideration of intraspecific trait variability improved the detection of cushion effects on trait distributions.

Our results highlight the importance of facilitation in the modification of taxonomic and functional diversity of ecological communities, and indicate that facilitation can occur through combined effects on environmental filtering and niche differentiation, with strong environmental context dependence of each mechanism.
PLANNING MAIL SURVEYS: A MANAGERIAL MODEL
Authors: Comer James M. , Brymer Robert E. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTTypically the market research manager faced with implementing a multiple‐wave mail survey has certain requirements in terms of response rate, quality, and representativeness. The existing research literature provides some excellent insights into the effects of certain Wave 1 response stimuli. Unfortunately, very little research has been conducted on post‐Wave 1 stimuli, and no research has been done on multiple‐wave managerial strategy. The authors have developed a prototypic managerial planning model for evaluating various mail survey strategies over multiple‐response waves.Subject Areas: Marketing Management and Marketing Research.
Education: MRP/GT: A FRAMEWORK FOR PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL OF CELLULAR MANUFACTURING
Authors: Hyer Nancy Lea 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTAmerican industry typically uses material requirements planning (MRP) for manufacturing control. This paper presents production planning and control procedures based on group technology (GT), which is used in British manufacturing. A translation between these ideas and the American approach is made, and it is suggested that a combination of MRP and GT is viable. The problems that arise, especially in the areas of lot‐sizing and sequencing/scheduling, and their possible solutions are discussed. Since increased adoption of GT is expected within the next decade, an intensified research effort is warranted in these and other areas so that existing MRP systems can be modified or extended to handle cellular manufacturing control problems.Subject Areas: Material Requirements Planning and Production/Operations Management.
The Impact of Mispricing and Asymmetric Information on the Price Discount of Private Placements of Common Stock
Authors: Glegg Charmaine , Harris Oneil , Madura Jeff , Ngo Thanh 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe price discount on privately placed stock is large and can vary substantially among firms. While earlier studies attribute price discounts on privately placed stock to illiquidity and costs of gathering information, we offer a more complete explanation. We find that firms exhibiting higher overvaluation have significantly larger price discounts in private stock sales. We also find that higher levels of asymmetric information about the issuing firm and about the stock market environment at the time of the private placement cause more pronounced discounts in the offer price. Our analysis also shows that post‐issue abnormal returns following private placements are higher when discounts are less pronounced.
The Persistent Puzzle of Corporate Capital Structure: Current Challenges and New Directions
Authors: Denis David J. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper is the keynote address from the Eastern Finance Association's 2012 meeting in Boston. I assert that, despite a substantial amount of work and much progress in the capital structure field, traditional models do a remarkably poor job of explaining the dynamics of observed capital structures. New approaches that focus on the firm's intertemporal access to capital appear to represent the most promising avenues for yielding fresh insights.
Pharmacologic Rate versus Rhythm‐Control Strategies in Atrial Fibrillation: An Updated Comprehensive Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: CHATTERJEE SAURAV , SARDAR PARTHA , LICHSTEIN EDGAR , MUKHERJEE DEBABRATA , AIKAT SHAMIK 
Published: September 2012

Background: In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), ventricular rate control with medications has been found to be noninferior in preventing clinical events, compared to a strategy converting patients to sinus rhythm and maintaining it with medications. Guidelines have accepted rate control as an acceptable therapeutic option. Most of the prior studies excluded patients without significant left ventricular dysfunction, or permanent AF.Methods: The authors searched the PubMed, CENTRAL, and EMBASE databases for randomized controlled trials from 1966 to 2011. Trials included were direct head‐to‐head comparisons of rate‐ and rhythm‐control strategy using pharmacological means. The primary outcome assessed was risk of all‐cause mortality. We also assessed other pooled clinical endpoints using a random effects model (Mantel‐Haenszel) between rate and rhythm‐control strategies.Results: Ten studies (total N = 7,867) met inclusion/exclusion criteria. In‐hospital mortality was not different between groups (P = 0.31). The rates of stroke, systemic embolism, worsening heart failure, myocardial infarction, and bleeding were also similar. However, rates of rehospitalization were much lower with a rate‐control strategy (P = 0.007). An exploratory analysis in patients younger than 65 years revealed a rhythm‐control strategy was superior to rate control in the prevention of all‐cause mortality (P = 0.0007).Conclusions: This systematic review suggests no difference in clinical outcomes with a rate or rhythm‐control strategy with AF. However, rehospitalization rates appear to be lower with pharmacological rate control for all ages, while finding support for rhythm control in younger patients.(PACE 2013; 36:122–133)