bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O niilismo schopenhaueriano: uma introdução
Authors: Salviano Jarlee 
Published: July 2014

Neste texto procuramos mostrar como se pode analisar o problema do niilismo na filosofia de Schopenhauer sem recorrer à interpretação nietzschiana – tendo em vista o peso e a importância dada por esta interpretação a este conceito dentro da filosofia e levando em conta principalmente que o termo não aparece em nenhum momento da obra schopehaueriana – tendo como pano de fundo a recepção do idealismo transcendental kantiano na Alemanha do final do século XVIII e início do XIX.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Regulates Platelet Function and Contributes to Coagulation Abnormality and Organ Injury in Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation
Authors: Ding Ning , Chen Guoqiang , Hoffman Rosemary , Loughran Patricia A. , Sodhi Chhinder P. , Hackam David J. , Billiar Timothy R. , Neal Matthew D. 
Published: July 2014

Background—
Growing evidence indicates that the presence of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on platelets is a key regulator of platelet number and function. Platelets exposed to TLR4 agonists may serve to activate other cells such as neutrophils and endothelial cells in sepsis and other inflammatory conditions. The functional significance of platelet TLR4 in hemorrhagic shock (HS), however, remains unexplored.

Methods and Results—
Using thromboelastography and platelet aggregometry, we demonstrate that platelet function is impaired in a mouse model of HS with resuscitation. Further analysis using cellular-specific TLR4 deletion in mice revealed that platelet TLR4 is essential for platelet activation and function in HS with resuscitation and that platelet TLR4 regulates the development of coagulopathy after hemorrhage and resuscitation. Transfusion of TLR4-negative platelets into mice resulted in protection from coagulopathy and restored platelet function. Additionally, platelet-specific TLR4 knockout mice were protected from lung and liver injury and exhibited a marked reduction in systemic inflammation as measured by circulating interleukin-6 after HS with resuscitation.

Conclusions—
We demonstrate for the first time that platelet TLR4 is an essential mediator of the inflammatory response as well as platelet activation and function in HS and resuscitation.
Individual calling behaviour and movements of North Atlantic minke whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata)
Authors: Risch Denise , Siebert Ursula , Van Parijs Sofie M. 
Published: July 2014

Information on individual calling behaviour and source levels are important for understanding acoustically mediated social interactions of marine mammals, for which visual observations are difficult to obtain. Our study, conducted in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS), located in the Gulf of Maine, USA, used passive acoustic arrays to track North Atlantic minke whales and assess the sound production behaviour of individuals. A total of 18 minke whales were acoustically tracked in this study. Individual calling rates were variable, with a median intercall interval (ICI) of 60.3 s. Average source levels (SLrms) for minke whales pulse trains ranged between 164 and 168 dB re 1 μPa, resulting in a minimum detection range of 0.4–10.2 km for these calls in this urban, coastal environment. All tracked animals were actively swimming at a speed of 5.0 ± 1.2 km/h, which matches swimming speeds of migrating minke whales from other areas and confirms SBNMS as part of the migration route of this species in the Western North Atlantic. Tracked minke whales produced 7 discrete call types belonging to 3 main categories, yet no individual produced all call types. Instead, minke whales produced 2 multisyllabic call sequences (A and B) by combining 3–4 different call types in a non-random order. While 7 of the tracked individuals produced calling pattern A, 10 whales used calling pattern B, and only 1 animal combined call types differently. Animals producing different call sequences were in acoustic range of one another on several occasions, suggesting they may use these sequences for mediating social interactions. The fact that the same calling patterns were shared by several individuals suggests that these patterns may contain information related to sex, age or behavioural context.
Transoral Robotic versus Open Surgical Approaches to Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Human Papillomavirus Status
Authors: Ford Samuel E. , Brandwein‐Gensler Margaret , Carroll William R. , Rosenthal Eben L. , Magnuson J. Scott 
Published: July 2014

Objectives(1) Investigate oncologic survival outcomes and (2) analyze the impact of human papillomavirus status on prognosis in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with transoral robotic versus open surgery.Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary care referral center, University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital.SubjectsOne hundred thirty total (65 per treatment arm) with primary oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).MethodsPatients treated for primary oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma with either transoral robotic (TORS) or open surgery plus standard of care adjuvant therapy between October 2004 and March 2012 were matched based on TNM staging before a retrospective chart review was performed. Carcinoma tissue was stained both prospectively and retrospectively with CINtec p16‐INK4a kits for surrogate human papillomavirus typing. Recurrence‐free survival was used to evaluate the impact of human papillomavirus tumor status and method of surgical intervention on prognosis.ResultsAs a whole, patients treated with transoral robotic surgery survived more frequently (94%, 91%, 89% at 1, 2, 3 years, respectively) than those treated with open surgery (85%, 75%, 73% at 1, 2, 3 years, correspondingly) (P =. 035). The subgroup of patients with human papillomavirus‐negative malignancies treated with open surgery survived without recurrence less frequently at 1, 2, and 3 year rates of 58%, 25%, 25%, respectively (P <. 01).ConclusionThese retrospective data suggest that oncologic outcomes are not being sacrificed when patients with OPSCC are treated with TORS instead of open surgery regardless of tumor human papillomavirus immunohistochemical staining.
Mortality and Financial Burden of Periprosthetic Fractures of the Femur
Authors: Shields Edward , Behrend Caleb , Bair Jeff , Cram Peter , Kates Stephen 
Published: July 2014

Objective: This study examines patient factors to identify risks of 12-month mortality following periprosthetic femur fractures. Hospital charges were analyzed to quantify the financial burden for treatment modalities. Methods: Data were retrospectively analyzed from a prospective database at a university hospital setting. One-hundred and thirteen patients with a periprosthetic fracture of the proximal or distal femur were identified. Risk factors for 12-month mortality were analyzed, and financial data were compared between the various treatment modalities. Results: In all, 14% of patients died (16 of 113) within 3 months and the 1-year mortality was 17.7% (20 of 113). Patients who died within 1 year had higher hospital charges (US$33 880 ± 25 051 vs US$22 886 ± 16 841; P = .01) and were older (87.6 ± 8.5 vs 81.5 ± 8.6; P = .004). Logistic regression analysis revealed age was the only significant predictor of 1-year mortality ( P = .029, odds ratio 1.1). Analysis of financial data revealed 4 distinct groups ( P < .05 between groups). Distal femoral revision arthroplasty (RA-DF) generated the highest hospital charges of US$91 035 ± 25 579 (n = 3). The second most highly charged group included proximal femoral fractures treated with revision arthroplasty (US$34 078 ± 17 832; n = 20) and hemi/total hip arthroplasty (THA; US$41 556 ± 23 651; n = 8). The third most charged group underwent open reduction internal fixation of the proximal (US$18 706 ± 6829; n = 35) and distal (US$22 381 ± 10 835; n = 35) femur. Nonoperative treatment generated the lowest charges (US$6426 ± 2899; n = 11). On average, the hospital lost money treating patients with RA-DF (US$−19 080 ± 2022 per patient) and hemi/THA (US$−6594 ± 9305 per patient), while all other treatment groups were profitable. Conclusion: One-year mortality after periprosthetic femur fractures was 17.7%, is mostly influenced by age, and 80% of deaths occur within 3 months. Patients treated with primary/revision arthroplasty generate more hospital charges than internal fixation. The average patient treated with revision arthroplasty of the distal femur or hemi/THA for a periprosthetic femur fractures resulted in net financial losses for the hospital.
Handoff Communication and Electronic Health Records
Authors: Apker Julie , Beach Christopher , O’Leary Kevin , Ptacek Jennifer , Cheung Dickson , Wears Robert 
Published: July 2014

When transferring patient care responsibilities across the healthcare continuum, clinicians strive to communicate safely and effectively, but communication failures exist that threaten patient safety. Although researchers are making great strides in understanding and solving intraservice handoff problems, inter-service transition communication remains underexplored. Further, electronic health records (EHRs) figure prominently in healthcare delivery, but less is known about how EHRs contribute to inter-service handoffs. This descriptive, qualitative study uses Sensemaking Theory to explore EHR-facilitated, inter-service handoffs occurring between emergency medicine and internal/hospitalist medicine physicians. The researchers conducted six focus groups with 16 attending physicians and medical residents at a major Midwestern academic hospital. Findings suggest clinicians hold varied expectations for information content and relational communication/style. Their expectations contribute to making sense of uncertain handoff situations and communication best practices. Participants generally perceive EHRs as tools that, when used appropriately, can enhance handoffs and patient care continuity. Ideas for practical applications are offered based on study results.
Factors that predict thrombosis in relatives of patients with venous thromboembolism
Authors: Couturaud Francis , Leroyer Christophe , Tromeur Cecile , Julian Jim A. , Kahn Susan R. , Ginsberg Jeffrey S. , Wells Philip S. , Douketis James D. , Mottier Dominique , Kearon Clive 
Published: July 2014

Key PointsUnprovoked venous thromboembolism (VTE) and VTE at young age are independent predictors of VTE in patient relatives. Factor V Leiden or the prothrombin 20210A gene variant in patients with VTE was not an independent predictor of VTE in patient relatives.
Endothelial cell protein C receptor: a multiliganded and multifunctional receptor
Authors: Mohan Rao L. Vijaya , Esmon Charles T. , Pendurthi Usha R. 
Published: July 2014

AbstractEndothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) was first identified and isolated as a cellular receptor for protein C on endothelial cells. EPCR plays a crucial role in the protein C anticoagulant pathway by promoting protein C activation. In the last decade, EPCR has received wide attention after it was discovered to play a key role in mediating activated protein C (APC)-induced cytoprotective effects, including antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and barrier stabilization. APC elicits cytoprotective signaling through activation of protease activated receptor-1 (PAR1). Understanding how EPCR-APC induces cytoprotective effects through activation of PAR1, whose activation by thrombin is known to induce a proinflammatory response, has become a major research focus in the field. Recent studies also discovered additional ligands for EPCR, which include factor VIIa, Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein, and a specific variant of the T-cell receptor. These observations open unsuspected new roles for EPCR in hemostasis, malaria pathogenesis, innate immunity, and cancer. Future research on these new discoveries will undoubtedly expand our understanding of the role of EPCR in normal physiology and disease, as well as provide novel insights into mechanisms for EPCR multifunctionality. Comprehensive understanding of EPCR may lead to development of novel therapeutic modalities in treating hemophilia, inflammation, cerebral malaria, and cancer.
Positive solutions for P-Laplace problems with nonlinear time-fractional differential equation
Authors: Qiu Meilan , Mei Liquan , Yang Ganshan , Yuan George Xianzhi 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
In this paper, we study the existence and multiplicity of positive solutions for semi-linear elliptic equations with a sign-changing weight function in weighted Sobolev spaces. By investigating the compact embedding theorem and based on the extraction of the Palais-Smale sequence in the Nehari manifold which is a subset of the weighted Sobolev spaces, we derive the existence of the multiple positive solutions of the equations by using the variational method. In the last part of this paper, by applying the Arzela-Ascoli fixed point theorem, some existence results of the corresponding time-fractional equations for semi-linear elliptic equations are obtained.

MSC:35Q30, 76D05, 76D10.
Coincidence and common fixed point theorems for Suzuki type hybrid contractions and applications
Authors: Singh Shyam Lal , Kamal Raj , De la Sen Manuel 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Coincidence and common fixed point theorems for a class of Suzuki hybrid contractions involving two pairs of single-valued and multivalued maps in a metric space are obtained. In addition, the existence of a common solution for a certain class of functional equations arising in a dynamic programming is also discussed.

MSC:47H10, 54H25.
Common fixed point theorem for two pairs of non-self-mappings satisfying generalized Ćirić type contraction condition in cone metric spaces
Authors: Huang Xianjiu , Luo Jing , Zhu Chuanxi , Wen Xi 
Published: July 2014

AbstractIn this paper, we prove a common fixed point theorem for two pairs of non-self-mappings satisfying the generalized contraction condition of Ćirić type in cone metric spaces. Our result generalizes and extends some recent results related to non-self-mappings in the setting of cone metric spaces.MSC:47H10, 54H25.
A global overview on the diet of the dice snake (Natrix tessellata) from a geographical perspective: foraging in atypical habitats and feeding spectrum widening helps colonisation and survival under suboptimal conditions for a piscivorous snake
Authors: Weiperth András , Gaebele Tibor , Potyó Imre , Puky Miklós 
Published: July 2014

AbstractBackgroundThe dice snake (Natrix tessellataLaurenti, 1768) is generally considered to be a fully or partially piscivorous freshwater snake species. The aim of the study was to make the first global overview on the taxonomy and geographical distribution of the species based on own observations, available databases and the special literature.ResultsBesides freshwaters,N. tessellataturned out to hunt also in marine and terrestrial habitats predating on at least 29 and 15 species, respectively. On the basis of our data and the literature altogether, 113 prey taxa, mostly fish, were listed but 20% of them were invertebrates, amphibians, reptiles and mammals. The importance of non-fish species in the diet was especially pronounced in deserts, high mountains and in dry Mediterranean areas. In spite of the wide feeding spectrum, only fish and amphibians were found to be predominant food items over the whole species' range. Fish dominated the catch of the dice snake in most quantitative studies, except one survey in Turkey, where the ratio of non-fish prey items was over 50%.ConclusionsThe global analysis of the diet of the dice snake revealed a feeding spectrum characteristically changing over the broad distribution area including non-fish prey as well as taxa from marine and terrestrial habitats. The analysis of the feeding spectrum separated four large geographical units with further distinctions in Central and Eastern Europe. Such diversity helps explain why this species was able to colonise a large and diverse Eurasian range.
Phase III Randomized Trial of Induction Chemotherapy in Patients With N2 or N3 Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Cohen Ezra E.W. , Karrison Theodore G. , Kocherginsky Masha , Mueller Jeffrey , Egan Robyn , Huang Chao H. , Brockstein Bruce E. , Agulnik Mark B. , Mittal Bharat B. , Yunus Furhan , Samant Sandeep , Raez Luis E. , Mehra Ranee , Kumar Priya , Ondrey Frank , Marchand Patrice , Braegas Bettina , Seiwert Tanguy Y. , Villaflor Victoria M. , Haraf Daniel J. , Vokes Everett E. 
Published: July 2014

PurposeInduction chemotherapy (IC) before radiotherapy lowers distant failure (DF) rates in locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). The goal of this phase III trial was to determine whether IC before chemoradiotherapy (CRT) further improves survival compared with CRT alone in patients with N2 or N3 disease.Patients and MethodsTreatment-naive patients with nonmetastatic N2 or N3 SCCHN were randomly assigned to CRT alone (CRT arm; docetaxel, fluorouracil, and hydroxyurea plus radiotherapy 0.15 Gy twice per day every other week) versus two 21-day cycles of IC (docetaxel 75 mg/m2on day 1, cisplatin 75 mg/m2on day 1, and fluorouracil 750 mg/m2on days 1 to 5) followed by the same CRT regimen (IC + CRT arm). The primary end point was overall survival (OS). Secondary end points included DF-free survival, failure pattern, and recurrence-free survival (RFS).ResultsA total of 285 patients were randomly assigned. The most common grade 3 to 4 toxicities during IC were febrile neutropenia (11%) and mucositis (9%); during CRT (both arms combined), they were mucositis (49%), dermatitis (21%), and leukopenia (18%). Serious adverse events were more common in the IC arm (47% v 28%; P = .002). With a minimum follow-up of 30 months, there were no statistically significant differences in OS (hazard ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.59 to 1.41), RFS, or DF-free survival.ConclusionIC did not translate into improved OS compared with CRT alone. However, the study was underpowered because it did not meet the planned accrual target, and OS was higher than predicted in both arms. IC cannot be recommended routinely in patients with N2 or N3 locally advanced SCCHN.
Effect of Routine Assessment of Specific Psychosocial Problems on Personalized Communication, Counselors' Awareness, and Distress Levels in Cancer Genetic Counseling Practice: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Eijzenga Willem , Aaronson Neil K. , Hahn Daniela E.E. , Sidharta Grace N. , van der Kolk Lizet E. , Velthuizen Mary E. , Ausems Margreet G.E.M. , Bleiker Eveline M.A. 
Published: July 2014

PurposeThis study evaluated the efficacy of a cancer genetics–specific questionnaire in facilitating communication about, awareness of, and management of psychosocial problems, as well as in lowering distress levels.MethodsIndividuals referred to genetic counseling for cancer at two family cancer clinics in the Netherlands were randomly assigned to an intervention or a control group. All participants completed the psychosocial questionnaire before counseling. In the intervention group, the counselors received the results of this questionnaire before the counseling session. All sessions were audiotaped for content analysis. Primary outcomes were the frequency with which psychosocial problems were discussed, the genetic counselors' awareness of these problems, and their management. Secondary outcomes included cancer worries and psychological distress, duration and dynamics of the counseling, and satisfaction.ResultsThe frequency with which psychosocial problems were discussed with 246 participating counselees was significantly higher in the intervention group (n = 127) than in the control group (n = 119; P = .004), as was the counselors' awareness of psychosocial problems regarding hereditary predisposition (P < .001), living with cancer (P = .01), and general emotions (P < .001). Counselors initiated more discussion of psychosocial problems in the intervention group (P < .001), without affecting the length of the counseling session. No significant differences were found on management (P = .19). The intervention group reported significantly lower levels of cancer worries (P = .005) and distress (P = .02) after counseling.ConclusionThe routine assessment of psychosocial problems by questionnaire facilitates genetic counselors' recognition and discussion of their clients' psychosocial problems and reduces clients' distress levels.
Placenta Passage of the Thyroid Hormone Analog DITPA to Male Wild-Type and Mct8-Deficient Mice
Authors: Ferrara Alfonso Massimiliano , Liao Xiao-Hui , Gil-Ibáñez Pilar , Bernal Juan , Weiss Roy E. , Dumitrescu Alexandra M. , Refetoff Samuel 
Published: July 2014

Abstract
Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) deficiency causes severe X-linked intellectual and neuropsychological impairment associated with abnormal thyroid function tests (TFTs) producing thyroid hormone (TH) deprivation in brain and excess in peripheral tissues. The TH analog diiodothyropropionic acid (DITPA) corrected the TFTs abnormalities and hypermetabolism of MCT8-deficient children but did not improve the neurological phenotype. The latter result was attributed to the late initiation of treatment. Therefore, we gave DITPA to pregnant mice carrying Mct8-deficient embryos to determine whether DITPA, when given prenatally, crosses the placenta and affects the serum TFTs and cerebral cortex of embryos. After depletion of the endogenous TH, Mct8-heterozygous pregnant dams carrying both wild-type (Wt) and Mct8-deficient (Mct8KO) male embryos were given DITPA. Effects were compared with those treated with levothyroxine (L-T4). With DITPA treatment, serum DITPA concentration was not different in the two genotypes, which produced equal effect on serum TSH levels in both groups of pups. In contrast, with L-T4 treatment, TSH did not normalize in Mct8KO pups whereas it did in the Wt littermates and dams despite higher concentration of serum T4. Finally, both treatments similarly modulated the expression of the TH-dependent genes Shh, Klf9, and Aldh1a3 in brain. Thus, the ability of DITPA to cross the placenta, its thyromimetic action on the expression of TH-dependent genes in brain, and its better accessibility to the pituitary than L-T4, as assessed by serum TSH, make DITPA a candidate for the prenatal treatment of MCT8 deficiency.