bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 in heart failure: prevalence and treatment
Authors: Kühl Uwe , Lassner Dirk , Wallaschek Nina , Gross Ulrich M. , Krueger Gerhard R.F. , Seeberg Bettina , Kaufer Benedikt B. , Escher Felicitas , Poller Wolfgang , Schultheiss Heinz‐Peter 
Published: November 2014

AimsHuman herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) A and B are two betaherpesviruses that are associated with many conditions including roseola, drug‐induced hypersensitivity syndrome, limbic encephalitis, and myocarditis. HHV‐6 is integrated in the germline [chromosomically integrated HHV‐6 (ciHHV‐6)] in ∼0.8% of the human population. To date, the prevalence, species distribution, and treatment responses of ciHHV‐6 are unknown for cardiac patients.Methods and resultsWe determined the prevalence of HHV‐6 and ciHHV‐6 genotypes in 1656 endomyocardial biopsies of patients with persisting unexplained symptoms of heart failure. Infection of cardiac tissue was identified by nested PCR, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Virus load and mRNA levels were followed in ciHHV‐6 patients treated with ganciclovir. HHV‐6 was detected in 273 of 1656 cardiac tissues (16.5%; HHV‐6B, 98.2%, HHV‐6A, 1.8%) by PCR. Nineteen of the 1656 patients (1.1%) presented with persistently high HHV‐6 copy numbers indicative of ciHHV‐6. Sequencing confirmed ciHHV‐6A in seven patients (36.8%) which was considerably higher than detected in non‐ciHHV‐6 patients. Inheritance was demonstrated in three selected families, confirming ciHHV‐6 chromosomal integration by PCR and fluorescence in situ hybridization. HHV‐6 reactivation and chromosomal integration were confirmed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and heart tissue. Virus particles were identified in degenerating myocytes and interstitial cells. Antiviral treatment abolished viral mRNA and ameliorated cardiac symptoms.ConclusionVirus replication in cardiac tissue of ciHHV‐6 heart failure patients suggests that ciHHV‐6 reactivation causes persistence of unexplained heart failure symptoms. We demonstrated that antiviral treatment, effective in decreasing viral transcripts and clinical complaints of cardiomyopathies, is a new therapeutic option for ciHHV‐6‐associated diseases.
Docosahexaenoic acid modulates oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis via PI3K/Akt m‐TOR/p70S6K pathways in human RPE cells
Authors: Babchia Narjes , DeAraujo Aline , Leclère Laurent , Buteau Bénédicte , Martine Lucy , Grégoire Stéphane , Brétillon Lionel 
Published: November 2014

Oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), especially by targeting the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Dietary habits with high consumption of long‐chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been reported to prevent the development and progression of AMD. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how DHA affects AMD, although the conversion of DHA into neuroprotective metabolites has been demonstrated to participate in this effect, at least experimentally. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin complex (m‐TOR)/p70S6K pathways in human RPE cells in response to OS, and then to assess the effect of DHA in the signaling pathways and protection against RPE cell death. For this purpose, we used ARPE‐19 cells exposed to the prooxidant agent, tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (t‐BHP). We found that exposing cells to t‐BHP inhibited the activation of Akt and p70S6K. However, in cells enriched with DHA and then exposed to t‐BHP, we demonstrated that Akt and p70S6K remained phosphorylated for a longer time after stress. In addition, DHA reduced the percentage of apoptotic cells induced by OS. This study suggests that: (i) PI3K/Akt and m‐TOR/P70S6K pathways are involved in the response of RPE to OS; and that (ii) DHA protected RPE cells from apoptosis triggered by OS by enhancing the phosphorylation of Akt and P70S6K.Practical applicationsOxidative stress plays a critical role in age‐related macular degeneration. DHA has been reported to prevent the development and evolution of AMD. An understanding of the PI3K/Akt and m‐TOR/P70S6K pathways involved in the response of RPE to OS may contribute to treatments involving the protection of RPE cells from apoptosis through enhancing the phosphorylation of Akt/P70S6K.Docosahexaenoic acid protected RPE cells from apoptosis triggered by oxidative stress by enhancing the phosphorylation of Akt and P70S6K.
Ionic strength, antioxidants and chelators affect whey protein isolates' antioxidantion in water‐in‐walnut oil emulsions
Authors: Zhu Zhenbao , Yi Jianhua , Dong Wenbin , Lu Jiali , Ding Yong 
Published: November 2014

The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of factors, such as ionic strength, free radical scavengers, and chelators, on lipid oxidation in water‐in‐walnut oil (W/O) emulsions containing whey protein isolates (WPI). The incorporation of WPI in aqueous phase could retard lipid oxidation in W/O emulsions, indicating WPI were antioxidants in the emulsions. Low levels of ionic strength (≤50 mM NaCl) in aqueous phase improved the oxidative stability of W/O emulsions containing WPI, whereas high levels of ionic strength (≥100 mM NaCl) accelerated lipid oxidation in the emulsions. Free radical scavengers (e.g. Trolox and α‐tocopherol) could increase the oxidative stability of W/O emulsions with the incorporation of Trolox in the emulsion inhibiting lipid oxidation more strongly than α‐tocopherol. This indicated that polar antioxidants were more effective at retarding lipid oxidation than non‐polar antioxidants. The addition of WPI and free radical scavengers combined made the emulsions oxidize more slowly than either substance used alone, suggesting there were synergistic effects between them. The use of both EDTA and citric acid could inhibit lipid oxidation in W/O emulsions, indicating that endogenous transition metals were the major prooxidants in W/O emulsions. The combination of WPI and EDTA or CA could further lower the rates of lipid oxidation in W/O emulsions.Practical applications: Whey protein isolates inhibit lipid oxidation in oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsions. From the present study, it became clear that WPI could also retard lipid oxidation in water‐in‐oil (W/O) emulsions. However, the antioxidant activity of WPI was affected by factors such as ionic strength, free radical scavengers, and chelators. This research pointed out that the incorporation of whey proteins in W/O emulsions, such as spreads, chocolate, and butter, could increase the oxidative stability of the emulsions. Moreover, the appropriate choice of ionic strength, free radical scavengers, and chelators could promote the antioxidation of WPI in W/O emulsions.Schematic demonstration of the impact of ionic strength on lipid oxidation in water‐in‐walnut oil emulsions containing 0.2 wt% WPI during storage at 45°C in the dark for up to 20 days. Low levels of ionic strength (≤ 50 mM NaCl) improved the oxidative stability of W/O emulsions containing WPI, whereas high ionic strength (≥100 mM NaCl) accelerated lipid oxidation in the emulsions.
MicroRNA‐29b Inhibits Migration and Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Neointimal Formation
Authors: Lee Jiyun , Lim Soyeon , Song Byeong‐Wook , Cha Min‐Ji , Ham Onju , Lee Se‐Yeon , Lee Changyoun , Park Jun‐Hee , Bae Yoonjin , Seo Hyang‐Hee , Seung Minji , Choi Eunhyun , Hwang Ki‐Chul 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThe proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are considered to be key steps in the progression of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Certain stimuli, such as, interleukin‐3 (IL‐3) are known to stimulate proliferation and migration in vascular diseases. Meanwhile, microRNAs (miRs) have been revealed as critical modulators of various diseases in which miR‐29b is known to regulate cell growth by targeting Mcl‐1 and MMP2. However, roles of miR‐29b in vascular smooth muscle cells remain almost unknown. We hypothesized that miR‐29b may control the proliferation and migration processes induced by IL‐3 stimulation by inhibiting its own specific targets in SMCs. MiR‐29b significantly suppressed the proliferation and migration of SMCs through the inhibition of the signaling pathway related to Mcl‐1 and MMP2. We also found that miR‐29b expression levels significantly declined in balloon‐injured rat carotid arteries and that the overexpression of miR‐29b by local oligonucleotide delivery can inhibit neointimal formation. Consistent with the critical role of miR‐29b in vitro, we observed down‐regulated expression levels of Mcl‐1 and MMP2 from the neointimal region. These results indicate that miR‐29b suppressed the proliferation and migration of SMCs, possibly through the inhibition of Mcl‐1 and MMP2, and suggest that miR‐29b may serve as a useful therapeutic tool to treat cardiovascular diseases such as, atherosclerosis and restenosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 116: 598–608, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic Hydrodechlorination of 1,2,4,5‐Tetrachlorobenzene over Various Supports Loaded Palladium Catalysts
Authors: Fan Yue‐Hui , Zhang Li‐Rong , Zhang Guan‐Lin , Xu Hu , Wang Yu‐Hong , Lu Guan‐Zhong 
Published: November 2014

AbstractWater pollution by polychlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons has always been a global issue. In this work, we reported a synthesis of supported palladium catalysts Pd/C, Pd/CeO2, Pd/SBA‐15, Pd/ZrO2,Pd/SiO2, and Pd/Al2O3 as well as their catalytic activities on hydrodechlorination (HDC) of 1,2,4,5‐tetrachlorobenzene (TeCB). These Pd catalysts were characterized by Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) specific surface area, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy Dispersive X‐ray Fluorescence (EDXRF), CO‐chemisorption, and H2‐temperature programmed reduction (H2‐TPR) analysis. Pd/C, Pd/CeO2 and Pd/SBA‐15 catalysts showed relatively high catalytic activities. The catalytic activities were associated with dispersion of Pd, metal surface area, and reaction temperature, etc.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Mesoporous TiO2 Photocatalyst Co‐doped with Fe and H3PW12O40
Authors: Yao Shuhua , Wang Xingxing , Guo Man , Shi Zhongliang 
Published: November 2014

AbstractThe mesoporous titanium dioxide (MTiO2) photocatalysts co‐doped with Fe and H3PW12O40 were synthesized by template method using tetrabutyl titanate (Ti(OC4H9)4), Fe(NO3)k39H2Oand H3PW12O40 as precursors and Pluronic P123 as template. The as‐prepared photocatalyst was characterized by N2 adsorption‐desorption measurements, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV‐vis adsorption spectroscopy, and the photocatalytic activities of the prepared samples under UV and visible light were estimated by measuring the degradation rate of methyl blue (MB) (50 mg/L) in an aqueous solution. The characterizations indicated that the photocatalysts possessed a homogeneous pore diameter of ca. 10 nm with high surface area of ca. 150 m2/g. The results of MB photodecomposition showed that co‐doped mesoporous TiO2 exhibited higher photocatalytic activities than un‐doped, single‐doped mesoporous TiO2 under UV and visible light irradiation. It was shown that the co‐doped MTiO2 could be activated by visible light and could thus be used as an effective catalyst in photo‐oxidation reactions. The synergistic effect of Fe and H3PW12O40 co‐doping played an important role in improving the photocatalytic activity.
Efficient Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of Benzimidazoles with Fe(III) based PEG1000 Dicationic Imidazolium Ionic Liquid/toluene Temperature‐dependent Biphasic System
Authors: Wang Zhao‐gang , Xia Yong‐gen , Jin Yong , Lu Ming 
Published: November 2014

AbstractA green protocol for the synthesis of benzimidazoles with Fe(III) based PEG1000 dicationic imidazolium ionic liquid ([PEG1000mim2][FeCl4]2)/toluene temperature‐dependent biphasic system was described. Conformed by IR analysis, FeCl4− is the dominating anion species. It could be seen that aldehydes aryla mines and aromatic aldehydes bearing electron‐deficient group (Cl, Br, NO2) and electron‐rich groups (OH, N(CH3)2) on the aromatic rings gave good yields (78–96 %). Moreover, the Fe(III) based PEG1000 dicationic imidazolium ionic liquid could be recycled and reused without significant loss of catalytic activity after seven runs.
Variable spatiotemporal resolution three‐dimensional dixon sequence for rapid dynamic contrast‐enhanced breast MRI
Authors: Saranathan Manojkumar , Rettmann Dan W. , Hargreaves Brian A. , Lipson Jafi A. , Daniel Bruce L. 
Published: November 2014

PurposeTo investigate a new variable spatiotemporal resolution dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI method termed DIfferential Subsampling with Cartesian Ordering (DISCO), for imaging of breast cancer.Materials and MethodsDISCO combines variable density, pseudorandom k‐space segmentation and two‐point Dixon fat–water separation for high spatiotemporal resolution breast DCE MRI. During the contrast wash‐in phase, view sharing is used to achieve high temporal resolution. Forty patients referred for breast MRI were imaged, 26 using the proposed DISCO sequence and 14 using a conventional low‐spatial‐resolution dynamic sequence (VIBRANT‐FLEX) on a 3 Tesla scanner. DISCO dynamic images from 14 patients were compared with VIBRANT‐FLEX images from 14 other patients. The image quality assessed by radiologist image ranking in a blinded manner, and the temporal characteristics of the two sequences were compared.ResultsA spatial resolution of 1.1 × 1.1 × 1.2 mm3 (160 slices, 28 cm field of view) was achieved with axial bilateral coverage in 120 s. Dynamic images with ∼9 s effective temporal resolution were generated during the 2‐min contrast wash‐in phase. The image quality of DISCO dynamic images ranked significantly higher than low spatial resolution VIBRANT‐FLEX images (19.5 versus 9.5, Mann‐Whitney U‐test P = 0.00914), with no significant differences in the maximum slope of aortic enhancement.ConclusionDISCO is a promising variable‐spatiotemporal‐resolution imaging sequence for capturing the dynamics of rapidly enhancing tumors as well as structural features postcontrast. A near 1‐mm isotropic spatial resolution was achieved with postcontrast static phase images in 120 s and dynamic phase images acquired in 9 s per phase. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:1392–1399. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Interannual variations and trends in surface air temperature in Finland in relation to atmospheric circulation patterns, 1961–2011
Authors: Irannezhad M. , Chen D. , Kløve B. 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTAnnual and seasonal variations in surface air temperature (SAT) during the period 1961–2011 were analysed using daily mean temperature data sets from regular grid points (10 × 10 km2) throughout Finland. The Mann–Kendall nonparametric test was used to detect significant historical trends in SAT and Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ) to test the relationships between SAT patterns and various atmospheric circulation patterns over the northern hemisphere. The results showed that mean annual SAT in Finland increased (p < 0.05) by 0.4 ± 0.2 °C per decade during the study period and that the SAT was significantly (ρ = 0.58, p < 0.05) positively correlated with the Arctic Oscillation (AO) index. However, there were spatial differences within Finland for both the trends and relationships with the atmospheric circulation. Analysis of seasonal mean SAT identified significant (p < 0.05) warming trends for both spring (by 0.4 ± 0.2 °C per decade) and summer (by 0.3 ± 0.2 °C per decade). Winter and spring mean SATs were most strongly (p < 0.05) correlated with the AO index (ρ = 0.72 and 0.42, respectively), while the most significant teleconnection pattern for mean SAT in summer was the East Atlantic (EA) pattern (ρ = 0.43, p < 0.05); and in autumn the EA/West Russia (WR) pattern (ρ = −0.59, p < 0.05). These results provide a detailed spatial picture of climate warming in Finland in recent decades and reveal that interannual variation of the SAT in Finland is closely linked with a number of atmospheric circulation patterns, not just the AO and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Annual and cold‐season SAT are mainly influenced by the AO and NAO, whereas the EA, EA/WR, Scandinavia (SCA) and West Pacific (WP) patterns play an important role for warm‐season SAT.
Estimation of hourly and daily photosynthetically active radiation in Inner Mongolia, China, from 1990 to 2012
Authors: Wang Lunche , Gong Wei , Feng Lan , Lin Aiwen , Hu Bo , Zhou Min 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTMeasurements of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in Inner Mongolia, China, from 2005 to 2012 were used to investigate its relationship with global solar radiation (G) under various sky conditions. Monthly mean daily PAR generally increased from 13.98 mol m−2 d−1 in December to 40.48 mol m−2 d−1 in June with annual mean value being 29.02 mol m−2 d−1. Monthly daily Fp (ratio of PAR to G) increased from 1.68 mol MJ‐1 in December to 1.88 mol MJ‐1 in August with annual average of 1.80 mol MJ‐1. Clearness index (Kt) was used for characterizing sky conditions and it was discovered that clear skies (49.4%) were the dominated sky conditions. By studying the dependence of PAR on optical air mass, Kt and cosine of solar zenith angle, two different models have been introduced and tested at four other sites in China. The model performances have been analysed and the daily PAR values during 1990–2012 at Inner Mongolia, China, have been reconstructed. It was found that PAR increased at the rate of 0.54 mol m−2 d−1  decade‐1 since 1990 and the most evident increases were observed in summer (1.96 mol m−2 d−1  decade‐1). However, PAR decreased at the rate of ‐0.37 mol m−2 d−1   decade‐1 in spring during 1990–2012.
Crosslinking of gelatin membranes with ferulic acid or glutaraldehyde: Relationship between gas permeability and renaturation level of gelatin triple helices
Authors: Biscarat Jennifer , Charmette Christophe , Masquelez Nathalie , Sanchez José , Pochat‐Bohatier Celine 
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the gas separation membranes made with gelatin, crosslinked with ferulic acid (FA) and blended with polyethylene glycol (PEG) 200, by using a solvent‐free procedure. Gas permeation properties (He, N2, O2, and CO2) of these “green membranes” were studied and discussed in relation with their structure. Differential scanning calorimetric measurements were carried out to determine the gelatin triple helical renaturation level. The lowest permeability values [He and CO2 permeability (4.5 × 10−2 Barrer) with CO2/O2 selectivity of 14.5] were reached with gelatin/PEG 200 uncrosslinked membranes showing the highest renaturation level (40%). Crosslinking with FA lead to less rigid and brittle materials than GTA and to 10 times more permeable membranes compared with uncrosslinked membranes. Membranes crosslinked with glutaraldehyde broke during gas permeation measurements. Results demonstrated that higher gas permeability values were closely related to lower renaturation level of gelatin. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 280–287
Robust passivity‐based control of switched‐reluctance motors
Authors: Loría Antonio , Espinosa‐Pérez Gerardo , Chumacero Erik 
Published: November 2014

SummaryWe propose a state‐feedback controller for switched‐reluctance motors as a preliminary step toward the solution of the sensorless control problem (without measurement of rotor variables). We establish global exponential stability. Furthermore, our controller renders the closed‐loop system robust to external disturbances, that is, input‐to‐state stable. Although there exist some works on sensorless control of switched‐reluctance motors, these consist mainly of ad hoc solutions without theoretical foundation. The few theoretically validated results in the literature are established under more stringent conditions such as knowledge of the load torque. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neubau Fuß‐ und Radwegbrücke Hagelsbrunnenweg, Stuttgart
Authors: Engelsmann Stephan , Peters Stefan , Spalding Valerie , Dengler Christoph 
Published: November 2014

AbstractDer Neubau einer Fuß‐ und Radwegbrücke in Stahlbauweise ist in einem zu Stuttgart‐Vaihingen gehörigen Waldgebiet gelegen. Form und Konstruktion des Brückenbauwerks sind abgeleitet aus der ganzheitlichen Verknüpfung von gestalterischen Überlegungen mit funktionalen, statisch‐konstruktiven und fertigungstechnischen Randbedingungen. Ein besonderes Merkmal ist, dass auch die Brückenausrüstung mit großer Sorgfalt in das Gestaltkonzept integriert ist. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Objektplanung, die Tragwerksplanung sowie Herstellung und Montage des neuen Brückenbauwerks.New pedestrian bridge Hagelsbrunnenweg, Stuttgart. The new steel pedestrian bridge in Stuttgart is situated in a woodland that is part of Stuttgart‐Vaihingen. Form and structure of this bridge result from consequently combining conceptual design aspects with functional, structural as well as production‐orientated considerations. Noteworthy is a detail design that is carefully integrating the bridge equipment. This article describes the conceptual design, the structural design as well as production and assembly of the new bridge.
Organic Cation and Complex Cation‐Stabilized (Poly‐)Selenides, [Cation]x(Sey)z: Diversity in Structures and Properties
Authors: Thiele Günther , Vondung Lisa , Donsbach Carsten , Pulz Susanne , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: November 2014

AbstractBased on the synthesis and characterization of a series of new (poly‐)selenide salts, a classification of anionic (poly‐)selenide‐containing compounds is proposed. The new compounds were categorized according to these classes. Synthetic approaches of organic cation‐stabilized (poly‐)selenide compounds that have been already known from literature are reviewed, along with the crystal structures of new compounds and some spectroscopic data, and an experimental and theoretical approach towards dichroism observed in some of the triselenides.
Performing elemental microanalysis with high accuracy and high precision by scanning electron microscopy/silicon drift detector energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/SDD-EDS)
Authors: Newbury Dale E. , Ritchie Nicholas W. M. 
Published: November 2014

Abstract
Electron-excited X-ray microanalysis performed in the scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) is a core technique for characterization of the microstructure of materials. The recent advances in EDS performance with the silicon drift detector (SDD) enable accuracy and precision equivalent to that of the high spectral resolution wavelength-dispersive spectrometer employed on the electron probe microanalyzer platform. SDD-EDS throughput, resolution, and stability provide practical operating conditions for measurement of high-count spectra that form the basis for peak fitting procedures that recover the characteristic peak intensities even for elemental combination where severe peak overlaps occur, such PbS, MoS2, BaTiO3, SrWO4, and WSi2. Accurate analyses are also demonstrated for interferences involving large concentration ratios: a major constituent on a minor constituent (Ba at 0.4299 mass fraction on Ti at 0.0180) and a major constituent on a trace constituent (Ba at 0.2194 on Ce at 0.00407; Si at 0.1145 on Ta at 0.0041). Accurate analyses of low atomic number elements, C, N, O, and F, are demonstrated. Measurement of trace constituents with limits of detection below 0.001 mass fraction (1000 ppm) is possible within a practical measurement time of 500 s.