bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction of preanalytical errors in clinical laboratory through multiple aspects and whole course intervention measures
Authors: Li Hong‐ying , Huang Xiang‐ning , Yang Yong‐chang , Huang Wen‐fang , Chen Li , Song Ping , Zhang Wen‐yuan 
Published: August 2014

AbstractObjectiveErrors in preanalytical phase decrease the accuracy of reports from clinical laboratory department. Considering the disqualified rate of preanalytical sample in our hospital, we performed several intervention measures to improve the situation.MethodsThe disqualified sample types and major causes of errors in the preanalytical phase were investigated in clinical laboratory department from September 2008 to August 2009. In the following year, we utilized multiple measures to properly intervene the key points of whole sample collection process, and the preanalytical errors were reanalyzed trimonthly, then the disqualification rate of total, major disqualified sample types and different test groups were calculated to evaluate the effects of the intervention measures.ResultsThe total disqualification rate in the preanalytical phase obtained from September 2008 to August 2009 was 1.36%, and the major types of disqualified samples were coagulation of anticoagulant sample, sample inadequacy, sample container error, sample information error and sample type error. After one year intervention through key points of whole preanalytical sample collection process, the total disqualification rate dropped to 0.94%, and the disqualification rate of coagulation of anticoagulant sample, sample inadequacy, sample container error, sample information error, and sample type error decreased by 20.45%, 28.00%, 25.00%, 76.92%, and 66.66%, respectively. As for test groups, the decreasing amplitude of biochemical, routine, immunological, microbiological and emergency test group was 47.36%, 33.33%, 20.00%, 50.00%, and 21.43%, respectively.ConclusionsThe overall effect of the interventions is very good, and the disqualification rate of the main causes decreases to various degrees.
Analysis of the Beta‐Tubulin Gene and Morphological Changes of the Microsporidium Anncaliia algerae both Suggest Albendazole Sensitivity
Authors: Santiana Marianita , Pau Cyrilla , Takvorian Peter M. , Cali Ann 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe Microsporidium, Anncaliia algerae, an obligate intracellular parasite, has been identified as an opportunistic human pathogen, but treatment has not been evaluated for infections with this organism. Albendazole, an antitubulin polymerization drug used against parasitic worm infections, has been the medication of choice used to treat some microsporidial infections affecting humans, with varying results ranging from clearing infection (Encephalitozoon) to resistance (Enterocytozoon). This study illustrates the effect of albendazole treatment on A. algerae infection in Rabbit Kidney (RK13) cells and Human Fetal Lung (HFL‐1) fibroblasts. Albendazole appears to have an attenuating effect on A. algerae infection and albendazole's IC50 in RK13 cells is 0.1 μg/ml. Long‐term treatment inhibits up to 98% of spore production, but interrupting treatment reestablishes the infection without new exposure to the parasite as supported by microscopic observations. The parasite's beta‐tubulin gene was purified, cloned, and sequenced. Five of the six specific amino acids, associated with benzimidazole sensitivity, are conserved in A. algerae. These findings suggest that A. algerae is sensitive to albendazole; however, the organism is not completely cleared from cultures.
The effect of typhoon‐related defoliation on the ecology of gap dynamics in a subtropical rain forest of Taiwan
Authors: Yao Ai‐Wen , Chiang Jyh‐Min , McEwan Ryan , Lin Teng‐Chiu 
Published: August 2014

AbstractQuestionsHow do frequent disturbances of varying intensity affect heterogeneity of canopy openness and resulting regenerating tree diversity in subtropical rain forests? How does canopy gap pattern and regeneration time of a forest experiencing frequent but unpredictable typhoon disturbance vary over 17 yr? How is the understorey light environment influenced by canopy gaps in a forest experiencing frequent defoliation? Compared to non‐gap areas, do gaps provide unique niches reflected in different seedling communities?LocationNatural evergreen hardwood forest, northeastern Taiwan.MethodsWe examined gap characteristics, light availability and variability, and seedling diversity in both gaps and non‐gaps in a subtropical forest with frequent typhoon disturbance, and compared the results to a survey at the same site conducted in 1995 following six typhoons in 1994.ResultsGaps were smaller and covered a much smaller proportion of the forest in the 2012 survey (mean gap size 10 m2, 3.3% of the forest) than the 1995 survey (33 m2 and 10%). Canopy regeneration times estimated from the 2012 survey (200–400 yr) were much longer than those based on the 1995 survey (50–175 yr). Neither light availability nor variability differed between gaps and non‐gaps, so gaps ostensibly did not provide a unique niche space. There were no seedling species occurring exclusively in gaps, and very high plant community similarity (>90%) between gaps and non‐gaps.ConclusionsIn ecosystems with small canopy gaps resulting from frequent disturbance, gaps play a neutral role in understorey light environment and thus provide no unique niches and play a neutral role in plant diversity. Our study also suggests that measures of gap area, occurrence and forest turnover should be taken multiple times, during years with varying background disturbance rates.
Accessing foods can exert multiple distinct, and potentially competing, selective pressures on feeding in common marmoset monkeys
Authors: Thompson C. L. , Valença‐Montenegro M. M. , Melo L. C. d. O. , Valle Y. B. M. , Oliveira M. A. B. d. , Lucas P. W. , Vinyard C. J. 
Published: August 2014

AbstractAnimals must overcome the physical properties protecting foods to obtain nutrition. While animals can experience selection for traits that facilitate resource exploitation, specific feeding behaviors may entail multiple, different mechanical challenges with each potentially eliciting distinct selection pressures. Tree gouging by common marmosets (Primates: Callithrix jacchus) provides an illustrative case for studying these distinct mechanical challenges and their correlated behaviors and morphologies. We test the hypothesis that marmosets respond differently to three sequential mechanical stages of bark removal: (1) indentation; (2) crack initiation; (3) crack propagation. By surveying trees gouged by free‐ranging marmosets in Pernambuco, Brazil, we found that mechanical variables related to crack initiation (fracture toughness, critical strain energy release rate and elastic modulus) were inversely correlated with measures of gouging intensity, with less mechanically challenging trees being gouged more intensely. Because crack initiation is likely the most mechanically challenging aspect of tree gouging, behavioral preference for less challenging resources likely allows marmosets to reduce costs and potential risks associated with accessing exudates. Variables related to bark indentation (hardness and friction) showed no relationship to the intensity of gouging behavior. Contrary to our prediction, trees with greater mechanical challenges for crack propagation (work to peel) were gouged more intensely. We attribute this pattern of gouging trees requiring greater effort in crack propagation to an inverse correlation between work to peel and fracture toughness in our tree sample. Importantly, marmosets exhibit morphological specializations of the feeding apparatus that facilitate indentation and crack propagation, potentially mitigating the need for behavioral choice. Here we show that extracting a single food resource can exert a series of distinct, potentially competing, selective forces during resource acquisition. This study illustrates how animals combine behaviors and morphological specializations to competently overcome distinct mechanical challenges, emphasizing the need for holistic approaches in understanding feeding adaptations.
Laser treatment for onychomycosis: a review
Authors: Bhatta Anil K. , Huang Xin , Keyal Uma , Zhao Jun Jing 
Published: August 2014

SummaryIt has always been difficult to treat onychomycosis due to decrease ability of topical agents to penetrate the nail and reach the affected nail bed. Oral antifungal have shown good response but due to longer duration course it has potential to cause systemic side effects, leading to patient non‐adherence and adverse events. Lasers, therefore, have been suggested for the treatment of onychomycosis due to their minimally invasive nature and the potential for requiring fewer treatment sessions. The aim of writing this article is to review a literature regarding treatment of onychomycosis by laser. This article will discuss about all the available laser treatment options for onychomycosis as well as their currently published, peer‐reviewed literature.
Land use influences arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in the farming–pastoral ecotone of northern China
Authors: Xiang Dan , Verbruggen Erik , Hu Yajun , Veresoglou Stavros D. , Rillig Matthias C. , Zhou Wenping , Xu Tianle , Li Huan , Hao Zhipeng , Chen Yongliang , Chen Baodong 
Published: August 2014

Summary

We performed a landscape‐scale investigation to compare the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities between grasslands and farmlands in the farming–pastoral ecotone of northern China.

AMF richness and community composition were examined with 454 pyrosequencing. Structural equation modelling (SEM) and multivariate analyses were applied to disentangle the direct and indirect effects (mediated by multiple environmental factors) of land use on AMF.

Land use conversion from grassland to farmland significantly reduced AMF richness and extraradical hyphal length density, and these land use types also differed significantly in AMF community composition. SEM showed that the effects of land use on AMF richness and hyphal length density in soil were primarily mediated by available phosphorus and soil structural quality. Soil texture was the strongest predictor of AMF community composition. Soil carbon, nitrogen and soil pH were also significantly correlated with AMF community composition, indicating that these abiotic variables could be responsible for some of the community composition differences among sites.

Our study shows that land use has a partly predictable effect on AMF communities across this ecologically relevant area of China, and indicates that high soil phosphorus concentrations and poor soil structure are particularly detrimental to AMF in this fragile ecosystem.
Exercise tolerance in obese vs. lean adolescents: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hansen D. , Marinus N. , Remans M. , Courtois I. , Cools F. , Calsius J. , Massa G. , Takken T. 
Published: August 2014

SummaryTo prescribe feasible and medically safe exercise interventions for obese adolescents, it remains to be determined whether exercise tolerance is altered and whether anomalous cardiopulmonary responses during maximal exercise testing are present. Studies that examined cardiopulmonary responses to maximal exercise testing in obese adolescents were searched: cardiopulmonary exercise tests with respiratory gas exchange measurements of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) were performed and comparisons between obese and lean adolescents were made. Study quality was assessed using a standardized item list. By meta‐analyses VO2peak, peak cycling power output (Wpeak) and peak heart rate (HRpeak) were compared between groups. Nine articles were selected (333 obese vs. 145 lean adolescents). VO2peak (L min−1), HRpeak and Wpeak were not different between groups (P ≥ 0.10), while a trend was found for a reduced VO2peak (mL min−1 kg−1 lean tissue mass) (P = 0.07) in obese vs. lean adolescents. It remained uncertain whether anomalous cardiopulmonary responses occur during maximal exercise testing in obese adolescents. In conclusion, a trend was found for lowered VO2peak (mL min−1 kg−1 lean tissue mass) in obese vs. lean adolescents. Whether cardiopulmonary anomalies during maximal exercise testing would occur in obese adolescents remains uncertain. Studies are therefore warranted to examine the cardiopulmonary response during maximal exercise testing in obese adolescents.
Multilocus molecular systematics and evolution in time and space of Calligrapha (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae)
Authors: Montelongo Tinguaro , Gómez‐Zurita Jesús 
Published: August 2014

Calligrapha (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a genus with species present in most of the American continent, from the Arctic polar circle to the Pampas in Argentina. In its current concept, the genus comprises some 80 species, but the diagnosis of the genus is problematic, based on a combination of potentially symplesiomorphic character states. In this study, we investigate the largest taxonomic sample of Calligrapha diversity to date (43 species) using a phylogenetic perspective based on more than 6000 molecular characters from eight genes (four mitochondrial and four nuclear) for a systematic evaluation of the genus. The analyses also include thirteen species in the closely related Zygospila (currently a subgenus of Zygogramma) to assist the systematic delimitation of Calligrapha. Partitioned and total evidence phylogenetic trees were additionally used for molecular clock analyses and dating based on standard mtDNA evolutionary rates, and for likelihood‐based inference of ancestral areas. Calligrapha and Zygospila are reciprocally paraphyletic, and our interpretation of taxonomic stability merges both taxa into a larger genus Calligrapha which plausibly originated in the dry steppes of southern North America in the Late Miocene. The genus includes a minimum of five strongly supported lineages which initially diversified in the Pliocene, fully congruent with expectations from morphology, but of uncertain mutual relationships. Only two of these lineages dispersed to South America: the group of C. polyspila right at the time of the final closure of the Isthmus of Panama in the Early Pliocene and the group of C. argus only in recent times, well in the Pleistocene. The most species‐rich lineage of Calligrapha, associated to trees and shrubs typical of riverine and lacustrine environments (as opposed to herbaceous steppe plants, generally Malvaceae and Asteraceae, for most other groups) diversified and spread in North America in the Late Pliocene. The ecological shift to a stable habitat spreading in the continent due to climate change is hypothesized as one possible explanation for the evolutionary success of this group.
Genome Sequence of the Yeast
Cyberlindnera fabianii
(
Hansenula fabianii
)
Authors: Freel Kelle C. , Sarilar Véronique , Neuvéglise Cécile , Devillers Hugo , Friedrich Anne , Schacherer Joseph 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

The yeast
Cyberlindnera fabianii
is used in wastewater treatment, fermentation of alcoholic beverages, and has caused blood infections. To assist in the accurate identification of this species, and to determine the genetic basis for properties involved in fermentation and water treatment, we sequenced and annotated the genome of
C. fabianii
(YJS4271).
Draft Genome Sequence of
Hymenobacter
sp. Strain IS2118, Isolated from a Freshwater Lake in Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica, Reveals Diverse Genes for Adaptation to Cold Ecosystems
Authors: Koo Hyunmin , Ptacek Travis , Crowley Michael , Swain Ashit K. , Osborne John D. , Bej Asim K. , Andersen Dale T. 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Hymenobacter
sp. IS2118, isolated from a freshwater lake in Schirmacher Oasis, Antarctica, produces extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and manifests tolerance to cold, UV radiation (UVR), and oxidative stress. We report the 5.26-Mb draft genome of strain IS2118, which will help us to understand its adaptation and survival mechanisms in Antarctic extreme ecosystems.
Draft Genome Sequences of the Onion Center Rot Pathogen Pantoea ananatis PA4 and Maize Brown Stalk Rot Pathogen
P. ananatis
BD442
Authors: Weller-Stuart Tania , Chan Wai Yin , Coutinho Teresa A. , Venter Stephanus N. , Smits Theo H. M. , Duffy Brion , Goszczynska Teresa , Cowan Don A. , de Maayer Pieter 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Pantoea ananatis
is an emerging phytopathogen that infects a broad spectrum of plant hosts. Here, we present the genomes of two South African isolates,
P. ananatis
PA4, which causes center rot of onion, and BD442, isolated from brown stalk rot of maize.
Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequence of
Arthrospira platensis
Strain Paraca, a Cultivated and Edible Cyanobacterium
Authors: Lefort Francois , Calmin Gautier , Crovadore Julien , Falquet Jacques , Hurni Jean-Pierre , Osteras Magne , Haldemann Francois , Farinelli Laurent 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

Here we report the whole-genome shotgun sequence of a Peruvian strain of
Arthrospira platensis
(Paraca), a cultivated and edible haloalkaliphilic cyanobacterium of great scientific, technical, and economic potential.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Endosymbiont of
Acanthamoeba
Strain UWC8, an Amoeba Endosymbiont Belonging to the “
Candidatus
Midichloriaceae” Family in
Rickettsiales
Authors: Wang Zhang , Wu Martin 
Published: August 2014

ABSTRACT

The endosymbiont of
Acanthamoeba
strain UWC8 is an obligate amoeba endosymbiont belonging to the family of “
Candidatus
Midichloriaceae” in
Rickettsiales.
We report here the complete genome sequence of this bacterium, which should catalyze future studies of amoeba-symbiont interactions.
Green’s Function and Positive Solutions for a Second-Order Singular Boundary Value Problem with Integral Boundary Conditions and a Delayed Argument
Authors: Zhang Xuemei , Feng Meiqiang 
Published: August 2014

This paper investigates the expression and properties of Green’s function for a second-order singular boundary value problem with integral boundary conditions and delayed argument-x′′t-atx′t+btxt=ωtft, xαt,  t∈0, 1;  x′0=0,  x1-∫01htxtdt=0, wherea∈0, 1, 0, +∞, b∈C0, 1, 0, +∞and,ωmay be singular att=0or/and att=1. Furthermore, several new and more general results are obtained for the existence of positive solutions for the above problem by using Krasnosel’skii’s fixed point theorem. We discuss our problems with a delayed argument, which may concern optimization issues of some technical problems. Moreover, the approach to express the integral equation of the above problem is different from earlier approaches. Our results cover a second-order boundary value problem without deviating arguments and are compared with some recent results.
Molecular Pathways: Regulation and Targeting of Kinetochore–Microtubule Attachment in Cancer
Authors: Herman Jacob A. , Toledo Chad M. , Olson James M. , DeLuca Jennifer G. , Paddison Patrick J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Kinetochores are large protein structures assembled on centromeric DNA during mitosis that bind to microtubules of the mitotic spindle to orchestrate and power chromosome movements. Deregulation of kinetochore–microtubule (KT–MT) attachments has been implicated in driving chromosome instability and cancer evolution; however, the nature and source of KT–MT attachment defects in cancer cells remain largely unknown. Here, we highlight recent findings suggesting that oncogene-driven changes in kinetochore regulation occur in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and possibly other cancers exhibiting chromosome instability, giving rise to novel therapeutic opportunities. In particular, we consider the GLE2p-binding sequence domains of BubR1 and the newly discovered BuGZ, two kinetochore-associated proteins, as candidate therapeutic targets for GBM. Clin Cancer Res; 21(2); 233–9. ©2014 AACR.
New Strategies in Advanced Cervical Cancer: From Angiogenesis Blockade to Immunotherapy
Authors: Tewari Krishnansu S. , Monk Bradley J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Cervical cancer remains unique among solid tumor malignancies. Persistent infection with oncogenic subtypes of the human papillomavirus (HPV) results in carcinogenesis, predominantly occurring at the cervical transformation zone where endocervical columnar cells undergo metaplasia to a stratified squamous epithelium. The molecular cascade involving viral oncoproteins, E6 and E7 and their degradative interactions with cellular tumor suppressor gene products, p53 and pRb, respectively, has been precisely delineated. The precursor state of cervical neoplasia may last for years allowing for ready detection through successful screening programs in developed countries using cervical cytology and/or high-risk HPV DNA testing. Prophylactic HPV L1 capsid protein vaccines using virus-like-particle technology have been developed to prevent primary infection by the most common high-risk HPVs (16 and 18). Women who lack access to health care and those who undergo sporadic screening remain at risk. Although radical surgery (including fertility-sparing surgery) is available for patients with early-stage cancers, and chemoradiation plus high-dose-rate brachytherapy can cure the majority of those with locally advanced disease, patients with metastatic and nonoperable recurrent cervical cancer constitute a high-risk population with an unmet clinical need. On August 14, 2014, the FDA approved the antiangiogenesis drug bevacizumab for women with advanced cervical cancer. This review will highlight advances in translational science, antiangiogenesis therapy and immunotherapy for advanced disease. Clin Cancer Res; 20(21); 5349–58. ©2014 AACR.
The Nuclear Pool of Tetraspanin CD9 Contributes to Mitotic Processes in Human Breast Carcinoma
Authors: Rappa Germana , Green Toni M. , Lorico Aurelio 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Tetraspanin-29 (CD9) is an integral membrane protein involved in several fundamental cell processes and in cancer metastasis. Here, characterization of a panel of breast cancer cells revealed a nuclear pool of CD9, not present in normal human mammary epithelial cells. Antibody binding to surface CD9 of breast cancer cells resulted in increased nuclear CD9 fluorescence. CD9 was also found, along with a plasma membrane–associated pool, in the nuclei of all primary ductal breast carcinoma patient specimens analyzed. In all patients, about 40% of the total CD9 cellular fluorescence was nuclear. CD9 colocalized at the nuclear level with CEP97, a protein implicated in centrosome function, and with the IGSF8, an established CD9 partner in the plasma membrane. Co-immunoprecipitation of CEP97 and IGSF8 with CD9 was shown in nuclear extracts from breast cancer cells expressing a CD9–GFP fusion protein. However, by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) analysis, no direct binding of CD9 with either protein was observed, suggesting that CD9 is part of a larger nuclear protein complex. CD9 depletion or exposure of parental breast cancer cells to anti-CD9 mAb resulted in polynucleation and multipolar mitoses. These data indicate that the nuclear CD9 pool has an important role in the mitotic process.
Implications: The discovery of a nuclear pool of CD9 has prognostic and/or therapeutic potential for patients with ductal carcinoma of the breast. Mol Cancer Res; 12(12); 1840–50. ©2014 AACR.