bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photographic Representation of Racialized Bodies
Authors: Ortega Mariana 
Published: September 2013

Abstract
This paper examines photographic representations of the racialized body, more specifically, photographic representation of Afro-Mexicans, a group that has been previously made invisible from Mexican national identity but that has reemerged as the “Third Root of Mexico.” The question guiding the discussion is whether such racialized bodies can be represented in such a way that does not perpetuate racist, colonialist desires and impulses. First, I analyze the indexical nature of photographs and its role in the indexicality of race. Second, I discuss the problematic representation of Afro-Mexicans in the series Tierra Negra (Black Earth), by contemporary Mexican photographer Maya Goded. Last, I examine photographic representations of racialized bodies in light of contemporary U.S African American–Latino relations.
Equity in Residential Electricity Pricing
Authors: Horowitz Shira , Lave Lester 
Published: September 2013

Real-time pricing of electricity is theoretically more economically efficient than flat rate pricing. However, a switch from flat-rates to real-time rates means that many consumers will lose the cross-subsidy they are receiving under the flat rate, and may see an increase in their bills even if they have elastic demand. We use hourly load data from 1260 Commonwealth Edison residential customers on a standard flat rate electricity tariff from 2007 and 2008. We calculate which customers would have been better off and which customers would not under real time pricing with both elastic and inelastic demand and look at the general characteristics of these customers. We find that if customers do not respond to prices under RTP, then only 35% of customers save money, while the remainder loses. The greatest potential for savings is from reduction in capacity costs.
Le cas français ou les tensions sur l’instruction et la socialisation quand on passe d’un modèle éducatif, républicain, à un autre, d’inspiration néolibérale
Authors: Careil Yves 
Published: September 2013

L’école républicaine « à la française » se donnait officiellement pour objectif de former le citoyen. Elle a connu de multiples réformes durant ces dernières décennies, et on perçoit mieux aujourd’hui sa transformation (d’ores et déjà bien avancée) en une école d’inspiration néolibérale visant la fabrication d’individus aptes à s’incorporer dans la machine économique. La façon dont l’école publique et laïque s’acquittait de ses missions principales se voit ainsi malmenée, ce qui se traduit par des zones de tension, tant au niveau idéologique que sur le terrain.
Les enseignants d’histoire et le programme d’Histoire et éducation à la citoyenneté : de la transmission de la mémoire à une citoyenneté « subjective » et ouverte
Authors: LeVasseur Louis , Moisan Sabrina , Cardin Jean-François 
Published: September 2013

L’actuel programme d’« Histoire et éducation à la citoyenneté » pour le 2e cycle du secondaire, portant sur l’histoire du Québec, a suscité depuis 2006 de nombreux commentaires dans les milieux intellectuels en raison de son contenu. Certains affirment que la transmission des grands événements historiques qui structurent la mémoire collective ou nationale y est inexistante, d’autres soutiennent qu’il doit favoriser le développement des compétences critiques et citoyennes, donc, l’autonomie de l’élève face à la mémoire collective ou nationale. Quelle position les enseignants du secondaire occupent-ils dans ce débat ? Il est possible de le découvrir par l’entremise de la perception qu’ils se font du programme et de ses trois compétences.
Réflexions sur l’exclusion et l’inclusion sociale en lien avec le vieillissement. L’importance des enjeux de reconnaissance et de redistribution
Authors: Billette Véronique , Lavoie Jean-Pierre , Séguin Anne-Marie , Van Pevenage Isabelle 
Published: September 2013

Vieillir fait partie de la vie. Pourtant, les expériences sociales associées à des âges plus avancés sont dévalorisées dans un grand nombre de sociétés contemporaines. Cet article s’appuie sur les travaux d’une équipe de recherche s’intéressant à l’exclusion sociale et aux solidarités en lien avec le vieillissement. Les concepts d’exclusion et d’inclusion sociale sont présentés dans une forme interreliée, dynamique et multidimensionnelle, tentant de dégager les voies d’action concrètes de ces processus afin d’éclaircir leur opérationnalisation et les moyens de les contrer (exclusion) ou de les favoriser (inclusion). L’inclusion dont il est ici question va au-delà de l’intégration sociale et repose sur deux composantes essentielles : la reconnaissance et la redistribution. En effet, une réelle inclusion sociale ne peut s’incarner que lorsqu’on reconnaît les aînés comme ayant une valeur sociale égale à la nôtre, et qu’on leur donne accès aux pouvoirs et aux ressources nécessaires pour que leurs voix soient entendues et prises en compte.
Role and outcomes of community health workers in HIV care in sub‐Saharan Africa: a systematic review
Authors: Mwai Grace W , Mburu Gitau , Torpey Kwasi , Frost Peter , Ford Nathan , Seeley Janet 
Published: September 2013

IntroductionThe provision of HIV treatment and care in sub‐Saharan Africa faces multiple challenges, including weak health systems and attrition of trained health workers. One potential response to overcome these challenges has been to engage community health workers (CHWs).MethodologyA systematic literature search for quantitative and qualitative studies describing the role and outcomes of CHWs in HIV care between inception and December 2012 in sub‐Saharan Africa was performed in the following databases: PubMed, PsychINFO, Embase, Web of Science, JSTOR, WHOLIS, Google Scholar and SAGE journals online. Bibliographies of included articles were also searched. A narrative synthesis approach was used to analyze common emerging themes on the role and outcomes of CHWs in HIV care in sub‐Saharan Africa.ResultsIn total, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria, documenting a range of tasks performed by CHWs. These included patient support (counselling, home‐based care, education, adherence support and livelihood support) and health service support (screening, referral and health service organization and surveillance). CHWs were reported to enhance the reach, uptake and quality of HIV services, as well as the dignity, quality of life and retention in care of people living with HIV. The presence of CHWs in clinics was reported to reduce waiting times, streamline patient flow and reduce the workload of health workers. Clinical outcomes appeared not to be compromised, with no differences in virologic failure and mortality comparing patients under community‐based and those under facility‐based care. Despite these benefits, CHWs faced challenges related to lack of recognition, remuneration and involvement in decision making.ConclusionsCHWs can clearly contribute to HIV services delivery and strengthen human resource capacity in sub‐Saharan Africa. For their contribution to be sustained, CHWs need to be recognized, remunerated and integrated in wider health systems. Further research focusing on comparative costs of CHW interventions and successful models for mainstreaming CHWs into wider health systems is needed.
Stereoselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkenylation and Alkynylation of Thioglycosides
Authors: Brachet Etienne , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouad , Messaoudi Samir 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAn efficient and unprecedented palladium‐catalyzed S‐glycosylation reaction of a range of alkenyl and alkynyl halides by using thiosugars as nucleophile partners has been established. With palladium diacetate in combination with Xantphos as the catalytic system, a variety of β‐alkenylthioglycosides as well as β‐alkynylthioglycosides can be prepared in good to excellent yields. The efficiency of this general protocol was well‐demonstrated by the formal synthesis of a leaf‐closure β‐glucosidase inhibitor.magnified image
Cross cultural analysis of factors associated with age at natural menopause among latin‐american immigrants to madrid and their spanish neighbors
Authors: Pérez‐Alcalá Irene , Sievert Lynnette Leidy , Obermeyer Carla Makhlouf , Reher David Sven 
Published: September 2013

ObjectivesIn this study, age at menopause was examined in relation to demographic and life style factors among Latin‐American immigrants to Madrid and their Spanish counterparts.MethodsRespondents were drawn from the Decisions at Menopause Study (2002–2003) and from a recent sample of Latin‐American immigrants to Madrid (2010–2011). The final sample included 484 women after excluding women with induced menopause and use of HT. Probit analyses and Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate median age at menopause and to identify factors associated with an early age at menopause.ResultsMedian estimated age at natural menopause was 52.0 years (51.2–53.0) for Spanish women and 50.5 years (49.9–51.2) for Latin‐American women. Immigrant women were more likely to reach menopause at an earlier age after controlling for confounding factors. Nulliparity and lower levels of education were associated with an earlier age at menopause. A higher body mass index was associated with a later age at menopause in the Spanish model. Among the Latin‐American sample, women from the Dominican Republic and women who underwent menopause before migrating were more likely to reach menopause at an earlier age.ConclusionsThe results reported here demonstrate that early life events, including place of birth, and later life events, such as timing of migration, were associated with age at menopause. This study highlights the importance of taking into account differences in the age of onset of menopause in the multicultural population of Madrid when considering the health of women at midlife and beyond. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 25:780–788, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prevalence of the Fibromyalgia Phenotype in Patients With Spine Pain Presenting to a Tertiary Care Pain Clinic and the Potential Treatment Implications
Authors: Brummett Chad M. , Goesling Jenna , Tsodikov Alex , Meraj Taha S. , Wasserman Ronald A. , Clauw Daniel J. , Hassett Afton L. 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveInjections for spinal pain have high failure rates, emphasizing the importance of patient selection. It is possible that detecting the presence of a fibromyalgia (FM)–like phenotype could aid in prediction, because in these individuals a peripheral injection would not address pain due to alterations in central neurotransmission. We undertook this study to test the hypothesis that patients who have spine pain meeting survey criteria for FM would be phenotypically distinct from those who do not.MethodsWe studied 548 patients diagnosed as having primary spine pain. All patients completed validated self‐report questionnaires, including the Brief Pain Inventory, the PainDETECT questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, measures of physical function, and the FM criteria and severity scales.ResultsForty‐two percent of the patients were FM positive according to the FM criteria and severity scales. Compared with FM‐negative patients, FM‐positive patients were more likely to be younger, unemployed, and receiving compensation for pain and to have greater pain severity and pain interference and more neuropathic pain descriptors as well as higher levels of depression and anxiety and a lower level of physical function (P < 0.002 for each comparison). Female sex, neuropathic pain, pain interference, and anxiety were independently predictive of FM status in a multivariate analysis (P < 0.01 for all variables). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed a strength of association of 0.80 as measured by the cross‐validated C statistic.ConclusionUsing the FM criteria and severity scales, we demonstrated profound phenotypic differences in a population of patients with spine pain. Although centralized pain cannot be confirmed with a self‐report instrument alone, the pathophysiology of FM may help explain a portion of the variability of responses to spine interventions.
Annexin A6 Interacts With p65 and Stimulates NF‐κB Activity and Catabolic Events in Articular Chondrocytes
Authors: Campbell Kirk A. , Minashima Takeshi , Zhang Ying , Hadley Scott , Lee You Jin , Giovinazzo Joseph , Quirno Martin , Kirsch Thorsten 
Published: September 2013

ObjectiveANXA6, the gene for annexin A6, is highly expressed in osteoarthritic (OA) articular chondrocytes but not in healthy articular chondrocytes. This study was undertaken to determine whether annexin A6 affects catabolic events in these cells.MethodsArticular chondrocytes were isolated from Anxa6‐knockout mice, wild‐type (WT) mice, and human articular cartilage in which ANXA6 was overexpressed. Cells were treated with interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) or tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and expression of catabolic genes and activation of NF‐κB were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and luciferase reporter assay. Anxa6−/− and WT mouse knee joints were injected with IL‐1β or the medial collateral ligament was transected and partial resection of the medial meniscus was performed to determine the role of Anxa6 in IL‐1β–mediated cartilage destruction and OA progression. The mechanism by which Anxa6 stimulates NF‐κB activity was determined by coimmunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of IL‐1β–treated Anxa6−/− and WT mouse chondrocytes for p65 and Anxa6.ResultsLoss of Anxa6 resulted in decreased NF‐κB activation and catabolic marker messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in IL‐1β– or TNFα‐treated articular chondrocytes, whereas overexpression of ANXA6 resulted in increased NF‐κB activity and catabolic marker mRNA levels. Annexin A6 interacted with p65, and loss of Anxa6 caused decreased nuclear translocation and retention of the active p50/p65 NF‐κB complex. Cartilage destruction in Anxa6−/− mouse knee joints after IL‐1β injection or partial medial meniscectomy was reduced as compared to that in WT mouse joints.ConclusionOur data define a role of annexin A6 in the modulation of NF‐κB activity and in the stimulation of catabolic events in articular chondrocytes.
Mechanistic modeling of sulfur‐deprived photosynthesis and hydrogen production in suspensions of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Williams C. R. , Bees M.A. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTThe ability of unicellular green algal species such as Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to produce hydrogen gas via iron‐hydrogenase is well known. However, the oxygen‐sensitive hydrogenase is closely linked to the photosynthetic chain in such a way that hydrogen and oxygen production need to be separated temporally for sustained photo‐production. Under illumination, sulfur‐deprivation has been shown to accommodate the production of hydrogen gas by partially‐deactivating O2 evolution activity, leading to anaerobiosis in a sealed culture. As these facets are coupled, and the system complex, mathematical approaches potentially are of significant value since they may reveal improved or even optimal schemes for maximizing hydrogen production. Here, a mechanistic model of the system is constructed from consideration of the essential pathways and processes. The role of sulfur in photosynthesis (via PSII) and the storage and catabolism of endogenous substrate, and thus growth and decay of culture density, are explicitly modeled in order to describe and explore the complex interactions that lead to H2 production during sulfur‐deprivation. As far as possible, functional forms and parameter values are determined or estimated from experimental data. The model is compared with published experimental studies and, encouragingly, qualitative agreement for trends in hydrogen yield and initiation time are found. It is then employed to probe optimal external sulfur and illumination conditions for hydrogen production, which are found to differ depending on whether a maximum yield of gas or initial production rate is required. The model constitutes a powerful theoretical tool for investigating novel sulfur cycling regimes that may ultimately be used to improve the commercial viability of hydrogen gas production from microorganisms. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 320–335. © 2013 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of a pressure release on virus retention with the Ultipor DV20 membrane
Authors: Woods Melissa A. , Zydney Andrew L. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTRecent data have shown that a temporary release in the transmembrane pressure can cause a significant increase in virus transmission through a number of commercial virus filters. The objective of this work was to study the effect of a pressure release on retention of the bacteriophage ΦX174 by the Ultipor DV20 membrane, with phage capture within the membrane visualized by confocal microscopy. Phage challenge tests showed a significant transient increase in phage transmission (typically by an order of magnitude) immediately after a pressure release. This transient increase was not due to any damage to the filter or to the presence of a back‐flow (from permeate to feed). Confocal images demonstrated that the pressure release caused the migration of previously captured bacteriophage further into the depth of the filter. Data were analyzed using a modified internal polarization model, with the results providing important insights into the factors controlling virus retention during virus filtration. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 545–551. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of the Tricopper Cluster as a Catalyst for the Efficient Conversion of Methane into MeOH
Authors: Chen Peter P.‐Y. , Nagababu Penumaka , Yu Steve S.‐F. , Chan Sunney I. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractFollowing recent progress towards understanding the structure of the particulate methane monooxygenase in methanotrophic bacteria, it is now possible to attempt the development of laboratory catalysts for the conversion of methane into MeOH under ambient conditions. To this end, a class of tricopper complexes that are capable of efficiently oxidizing small hydrocarbon substrates at room temperature has recently been developed. In this Minireview, we describe the development of a tricopper cluster to accomplish the catalytic conversion of methane into MeOH, as well as a number of small n‐alkanes into their corresponding alcohols and ketones, with high efficiencies. The properties of this robust catalytic system are discussed.
Gold(I) and Gold(III) Trifluoromethyl Derivatives
Authors: Martínez‐Salvador Sonia , Falvello Larry R. , Martín Antonio , Menjón Babil 
Published: September 2013

AbstractTrifluoromethylation of AuCl3 by using the Me3SiCF3/CsF system in THF and in the presence of [PPh4]Br proceeds with partial reduction, yielding a mixture of [PPh4][AuI(CF3)2] (1′) and [PPh4][AuIII(CF3)4] (2′) that can be adequately separated. An efficient method for the high‐yield synthesis of 1′ is also described. The molecular geometries of the homoleptic anions [AuI(CF3)2]− and [AuIII(CF3)4]− in their salts 1′ and [NBu4][AuIII(CF3)4] (2) have been established by X‐ray diffraction methods. Compound 1′ oxidatively adds halogens, X2, furnishing [PPh4][AuIII(CF3)2X2] (X=Cl (3), Br (4), I (5)), which are assigned a trans stereochemistry. Attempts to activate CF bonds in the gold(III) derivative 2′ by reaction with Lewis acids under different conditions either failed or only gave complex mixtures. On the other hand, treatment of the gold(I) derivative 1′ with BF3⋅OEt2 under mild conditions cleanly afforded the carbonyl derivative [AuI(CF3)(CO)] (6), which can be isolated as an extremely moisture‐sensitive light yellow crystalline solid. In the solid state, each linear F3C‐Au‐CO molecule weakly interacts with three symmetry‐related neighbors yielding an extended 3D network of aurophilic interactions (Au⋅⋅⋅Au=345.9(1) pm). The high $\tilde \nu $CO value (2194 cm−1 in the solid state and 2180 cm−1 in CH2Cl2 solution) denotes that CO is acting as a mainly σ‐donor ligand and confirms the role of the CF3 group as an electron‐withdrawing ligand in organometallic chemistry. Compound 6 can be considered as a convenient synthon of the “AuI(CF3)” fragment, as it reacts with a number of neutral ligands L, giving rise to the corresponding [AuI(CF3)(L)] compounds (L=CNtBu (7), NCMe (8), py (9), tht (10)).
Validation of cell‐based fluorescence assays: Practice guidelines from the International Council for Standardization of Haematology and International Clinical Cytometry Society
Authors:   ICSH/ICCS Workgroup
Published: September 2013

ICSH/ICCS Workgroup chaired by: Bruce H. Davis, David Barnett, Brent L. Wood and Teri Oldaker; MembersBruce H. Davis (brucedavis@trilliumdx.com), Amar Dasgupta (adasgupta@srl.in), Steven Kussick (skussick@phenopath.com), Jin‐Yeong Han (jyhan@dau.ac.kr), Annalee Estrellado (Annalee.L.Estrellado@biogenidec.com), Patrick O'Neil (Patrick.Oneil@beckman.com), Bob Hoffman (bob-hoffman@comcast.net), Norman Purvis (norman.purvis@Nodality.com), Ben Hunsberger (bch@vsh.com), Horacio Vall (vallh@labcorp.com), David Kaplan (david.kaplan@case.edu), Lili Wang (lili.wang@nist.gov), Anna Porwit (anna.porwit@uhn.ca), Shabnam Tangri (Shabnam.Tangri@biogenidec.com), T. Vincent Shankey (Vincent.Shankey@Coulter.com), David Barnett (d.barnett@btconnect.com), Raul Louzao (raul.louzao@duke.edu), Peter Gambell (Peter.Gambell@petermac.org), Jitakshi De (jitakshi@gmail.com), Teri Oldaker (toldaker@cox.net), Curtis Hanson (cahanson@mayo.edu), Brent L. Wood (woodbl@u.washington.edu), Dragan Jevremovic, (jevremovic.dragan@mayo.edu), Marie C. Béné (mariechristine.bene@chu-nantes.fr), Ming Yan (ming_yan@bd.com), Patrick Jacobs (p.jacobs@beckman.com), Virginia Litwin (virginia.litwin@covance.com).
Endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow use constructed floodplain habitat
Authors: Gonzales Eric J. , Tave Douglas , Haggerty Grace M. 
Published: September 2013

ABSTRACTGeomorphic changes resulting from the construction of dams, irrigation diversion structures, and flood control levees has separated the Rio Grande from its floodplain contributing to the decline of native fish species including the endangered Rio Grande silvery minnow (Hybognathus amarus). The species is currently restricted to 280‐km of the river in New Mexico. Since 2006, the New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission has constructed 121 ha of floodplain habitat between the river levees to improve habitat. To determine if constructed habitats were being utilized by the Rio Grande silvery minnow and the fish community, a presence/absence study was conducted on eight constructed floodplains during 2008 and 2009, and one natural floodplain in 2008. A total of 14 481 fish were captured in fyke nets during both years: 3528 fish were captured from constructed floodplains and 8410 were captured from the natural floodplain in 2008: 2543 fish were captured from the constructed floodplains in 2009. Of this total, 11 602 of the fish were Rio Grande silvery minnow: 2180 Rio Grande silvery minnow were collected from constructed floodplains and 7356 from the natural floodplain in 2008; 2057 Rio Grande silvery minnow were collected from constructed floodplains in 2009. Gravid female and male expressing milt were collected both years. A total of 1173 unidentified larval fish and 363 Rio Grande silvery minnow eggs were also collected during the surveys. The results show that the Rio Grande silvery minnow and the fish community utilized the constructed and natural floodplains during the spring spawning season. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.