bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Graph theoretic network analysis reveals protein pathways underlying cell death following neurotropic viral infection
Authors: Ghosh Sourish , Kumar G. Vinodh , Basu Anirban , Banerjee Arpan 
Published: September 2015

AbstractComplex protein networks underlie any cellular function. Certain proteins play a pivotal role in many network configurations, disruption of whose expression proves fatal to the cell. An efficient method to tease out such key proteins in a network is still unavailable. Here, we used graph-theoretic measures on protein-protein interaction data (interactome) to extract biophysically relevant information about individual protein regulation and network properties such as formation of function specific modules (sub-networks) of proteins. We took 5 major proteins that are involved in neuronal apoptosis post Chandipura Virus (CHPV) infection as seed proteins in a database to create a meta-network of immediately interacting proteins (1st order network). Graph theoretic measures were employed to rank the proteins in terms of their connectivity and the degree upto which they can be organized into smaller modules (hubs). We repeated the analysis on 2nd order interactome that includes proteins connected directly with proteins of 1st order. FADD and Casp-3 were connected maximally to other proteins in both analyses, thus indicating their importance in neuronal apoptosis. Thus, our analysis provides a blueprint for the detection and validation of protein networks disrupted by viral infections.
Information content of contact-pattern representations and predictability of epidemic outbreaks
Authors: Holme Petter 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTo understand the contact patterns of a population—who is in contact with whom and when the contacts happen—is crucial for modeling outbreaks of infectious disease. Traditional theoretical epidemiology assumes that any individual can meet any with equal probability. A more modern approach, network epidemiology, assumes people are connected into a static network over which the disease spreads. Newer yet, temporal network epidemiology, includes the time in the contact representations. In this paper, we investigate the effect of these successive inclusions of more information. Using empirical proximity data, we study both outbreak sizes from unknown sources and from known states of ongoing outbreaks. In the first case, there are large differences going from a fully mixed simulation to a network and from a network to a temporal network. In the second case, differences are smaller. We interpret these observations in terms of the temporal network structure of the data sets. For example, a fast overturn of nodes and links seem to make the temporal information more important.
CRB2 completes a fully expressed Crumbs complex in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Authors: Paniagua Antonio E. , Herranz-Martín Saúl , Jimeno David , Jimeno Ángela M. , López-Benito Saray , Carlos Arévalo Juan , Velasco Almudena , Aijón José , Lillo Concepción 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe CRB proteins CRB1, CRB2 and CRB3 are members of the cell polarity complex Crumbs in mammals that together with Scribble and Par complexes stablish the polarity of a variety of cell types. Although many members of the Crumbs complex proteins are expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and even though the mRNA of CRB2 has been detected in ARPE-19 cells and in the RPE/Choroid, to date no CRB protein has yet been found in this tissue. To investigate this possibility, we generated an antibody that specifically recognize the mouse CRB2 protein and we demonstrate the expression of CRB2 in mouse RPE. Confocal analysis shows that CRB2 is restricted to the apicolateral membrane of RPE cells and more precisely, in the tight junctions. Our study identified CRB2 as the member of the CRB protein family that is present together with the rest of the components of the Crumbs complex in the RPE apico-lateral cell membrane. Considering that the functions of CRB proteins are decisive in the establishment and maintenance of cell-cell junctions in several epithelial-derived cell types, we believe that these findings are a relevant starting point for unraveling the functions that CRB2 might perform in the RPE.
Dynamic ubiquitination drives herpesvirus neuroinvasion
Authors: Huffmaster Nicholas J. , Sollars Patricia J. , Richards Alexsia L. , Pickard Gary E. , Smith Gregory A. 
Published: September 2015

Significance
The neuroinvasive herpesviruses cause a wide range of diseases in humans and livestock. These viruses have the unusual ability to routinely enter the mammalian nervous system following infection of mucous membranes. Although infection is often asymptomatic, the consequences of the resulting lifelong nervous system infections are not fully understood. This study uncovers two opposing nervous system protective barriers that the virus defeats by changing its properties during the course of infection. The molecular switch governing this change underlies the herpesvirus neuroinvasive phenotype.
Non‐circular chainring improves aerobic cycling performance in non‐cyclists
Authors: Hintzy Frédérique , Horvais Nicolas 
Published: September 2015

AbstractNon‐circular chainrings alter the crank velocity profile over a pedalling cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of this altered crank velocity profile on the aerobic performance compared to a circular chainring (CC). Ten male non‐cyclists performed two incremental maximal tests at 80 rpm on a cycle ergometer: one with a circular (Shimano) and the other with a non‐circular chainring Osymetric® (Somovedi), at least 50 h apart. Each test started with a workload of 100 W lasting 3 min. During the first 12 min, the workload was increased by 30 W every 3 min. Thereafter, the workload was increased by 30 W every 2 min until exhaustion. The power output, the intra‐cycle crank angular velocity and the physiological parameters were monitored continuously, averaged over the last 30 s of each increment and at exhaustion, and compared for the two chainrings. Results showed a higher maximal aerobic power attained with the non‐circular chainring (362.6 ± 37.9 vs. 338.8 ± 32.6 W, p < .001; moderate effect), which could be explained by a significantly lower energy expenditure during the first increment at 100 W. It could be hypothesised that the use of the non‐circular chainring allowed saving a small part of energy expenditure throughout the test, allowing the exhaustion of the subject at a higher increment for a similar maximal energy expenditure, in comparison with a CC. Although this improvement is obtained only for non‐cyclists, it allowed highlighting the link between cycling equipment modifying the pedalling motion and physiological responses.
Deciphering the associations between gene expression and copy number alteration using a sparse double Laplacian shrinkage approach
Authors: Shi Xingjie , Zhao Qing , Huang Jian , Xie Yang , Ma Shuangge 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Both gene expression levels (GEs) and copy number alterations (CNAs) have important biological implications. GEs are partly regulated by CNAs, and much effort has been devoted to understanding their relations. The regulation analysis is challenging with one gene expression possibly regulated by multiple CNAs and one CNA potentially regulating the expressions of multiple genes. The correlations among GEs and among CNAs make the analysis even more complicated. The existing methods have limitations and cannot comprehensively describe the regulation.
Results: A sparse double Laplacian shrinkage method is developed. It jointly models the effects of multiple CNAs on multiple GEs. Penalization is adopted to achieve sparsity and identify the regulation relationships. Network adjacency is computed to describe the interconnections among GEs and among CNAs. Two Laplacian shrinkage penalties are imposed to accommodate the network adjacency measures. Simulation shows that the proposed method outperforms the competing alternatives with more accurate marker identification. The Cancer Genome Atlas data are analysed to further demonstrate advantages of the proposed method.
Availability and implementation: R code is available at http://works.bepress.com/shuangge/49/
Contact: shuangge.ma@yale.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The management of chronic subdural haematoma
Authors: Borg Nick , Kolias Angelos G. , Santarius Thomas , Hutchinson Peter J. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Chronic subdural haematoma is one of the most common conditions in general neurosurgical practice. Its incidence in the general population is about 5 per 100,000 per year, with increasing incidence linked to age. It presents with a wide variety of symptoms and accounts for approximately 1% of all hospital admissions with acute confusion. This chapter explores the management of chronic subdural haematoma through a case study. As more patients survive into their ninth and tenth decades, not only will the incidence of CSDH continue to rise, but surgeons will be faced with increasingly complex patients with multiple medical co-morbidities. In particular, the issue of anticoagulation is likely to become more pertinent. Further research should be directed towards establishing evidence-based guidelines for resuming anticoagulation and antiplatelet medication after CSDH surgery. By identifying risk factors for both recurrence and thromboembolism, the decision can then be taken on a case-by-case basis, tailored to the individual’s risk factors.
Intramedullary spinal cord tumour
Authors: deSouza Ruth-Mary , Choi David 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Intramedullary spinal cord tumours (IMSCT) are rare, constituting about 2-4% of CNS tumours. In adults they represent about a fifth of spinal malignancies and a higher proportion in children, approaching 40%. The main body of evidence for surgery in IMSCTs comes from retrospective series. The lack of level 1 and 2 evidence available with regard to IMSCTs and the high risk nature of surgery makes this a challenging area of neurosurgery, and this chapter covers the challenges and controversies. The most common type of IMSCT in adults is ependymoma (about 70%), followed by astrocytoma (about 20%). In children astrocytoma is the most common tumour type (70%) with low grade being more common than high grade astrocytoma. Other IMSCTs include haemangioblastoma, cavernoma, oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma. Intramedullary metastases are extremely rare, have a poor prognosis and are typically managed with palliative radiotherapy.
Intracranial abscess
Authors: Hill Ciaran Scott , Samandouras George 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Chronic supperative otitis externa is a longstading infection of the middle ear. If treatement is delayed or insufficient then severe intracranial complications can occur. These include subdural empyemas or intracranial cerebral abscess. At least 50% of all brain absceses come from ear infections. This chapter explores the presentation, diagnosis and treatement of cerebral abscesses through the use of a richly illustrated case study. The classic clinical triad of headache, high temperature and focal neurological deficit occurs in &lt;50% of cases. The management of brain abscesses from an otogenic origin is controversial. Otological infections that spread to the brain lie at the interface of neurosurgery, ENT and microbiology. Treatments include pure pharmacological management, single or repeat aspirations, capsule excision and extensive ENT procedures. This chapter also highlights radiographic and microscopic staging of cerebral abscesses, House-Brackmann classification of facial palsy, routes of infection, non-operative management, operative tips and a review of the current evidence for various surgical approaches.
Variants in theFTOandCDKAL1loci have recessive effects on risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes respectively
Authors: Wood Andrew R , Tyrell Jessica , Beaumont Robin , Jones Samuel E. , Tuke Marcus A. , Ruth Katherine S. ,   The GIANT consortium, Yaghootkar Hanieh , Freathy Rachel , Murray Anna , Frayling Timothy M. , Weedon Michael N. 
Published: September 2015

ABSTRACTGenome-wide association studies have identified hundreds of common genetic variants associated with obesity and Type 2 diabetes. These studies have focused on additive association tests. Identifying deviations from additivity may provide new biological insights and explain some of the missing heritability for these diseases.To identify non-additive associations we performed a genome-wide association study using a dominance deviation model for BMI, obesity and Type 2 diabetes (4,040 cases) in 120,286 individuals of British ancestry from the UK Biobank study.Known obesity-associated variants inFTOshowed strong evidence for deviation from additivity (P=3×10−5) through a recessive effect of the BMI-increasing allele. The average BMI of individuals carrying 0, 1 or 2 BMI-raising alleles was 27.27kg/m2(95% CI:27.22-27.31), 27.54kg/m2(95% CI:27.50-27.58), and 28.07kg/m2(95% CI:28.0-28.14), respectively. A similar effect was observed in 105,643 individuals from the GIANT consortium (P=0.003;Pmeta-analysis=1×10−7). We also detected a recessive effect (Pdomdev=5×10−4) atCDKAL1for Type 2 diabetes risk. Homozygous risk allele carriers had an OR=1.48 (95% CI:1.32-1.65) in comparison to the heterozygous group that had an OR=1.06 (95% CI:0.99-1.14), a result consistent with a previous study. We did not identify any novel genome-wide associations.In conclusion, although we find no evidence for widespread non-additive effects contributing to the genetic risk of obesity and Type 2 diabetes, we find robust examples of recessive effects at theFTOandCDKAL1loci.
Mixed Effects Models for Resampled Network Statistics Improves Statistical Power to Find Differences in Multi-Subject Functional Connectivity
Authors: Narayan Manjari , Allen Genevera I. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractMany complex brain disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, exhibit a wide range of symptoms and disability. To understand how brain communication is impaired in such conditions, functional connectivity studies seek to understand individual differences in brain network structure in terms of covariates that measure symptom severity. In practice, however, functional connectivity is not observed but estimated from complex and noisy neural activity measurements. Imperfect subject network estimates can compromise subsequent efforts to detect covariate effects on network structure. We address this problem in the case of Gaussian graphical models of functional connectivity, by proposing novel two-level models that treat both subject level networks and population level covariate effects as unknown parameters. To account for imperfectly estimated subject level networks when fitting these models, we propose two related approaches — R2based on resampling and random effects test statistics, and R3that additionally employs random adaptive penalization. Simulation studies using realistic graph structures reveal that R2and R3have superior statistical power to detect covariate effects compared to existing approaches, particularly when the number of within subject observations is comparable to the size of subject networks. Using our novel models and methods to study parts of the ABIDE dataset, we find evidence of hypoconnectivity associated with symptom severity in autism spectrum disorders, in frontoparietal and limbic systems as well as in anterior and posterior cingulate cortices.
The changing pattern of UK strikes, 1964-2014
Authors: Lyddon Dave 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the changing strike activity in the UK over the last 50 years.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper draws on a wide literature on UK strikes and an extensive trawl of newspaper sources. It is divided into four main sections. The first two summarise, in turn, the changing amount and locus of strike activity between 1964 and 2014. The third discusses the changing relationship and balance between official and unofficial strikes. The last covers the role of the courts and legislation on strikes, highlighting some key moments in this turbulent history.

Findings
– The period 1964-2014 can be divided into three sub-periods: high-strike activity until 1979; a transition period of “coercive pacification” in the 1980s; and unprecedentedly low-strike activity since the early 1990s. Unions were more combative against the legislative changes of the 1980s than they are normally given credit for.

Research limitations/implications
– Given its broad scope, this paper cannot claim to be comprehensive.

Originality/value
– This is a rare study of the changing nature of UK strikes over such a long time period.
Beyond consensus: the state and industrial relations in the United Kingdom from 1964 to 2014
Authors: Martinez Lucio Miguel 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to reflect on some of the problems and issues emerging from the changing role of the state in the UK’s industrial relations since 1964 – the year the Labour Party was elected to power under Harold Wilson’s leadership. The paper argues that the UK has seen an uneven set of developments in terms of the role of the state in the industrial relations system. Increasingly progressive interventions on a range of subjects such as equality, health and safety and others have coincided with a greater commercialisation of the state and greater fragmentation.Design/methodology/approach– This is based on a reflective review of various texts and a personal interest in the role of the political in the arena of employee relations. It references a range of texts on the subject of the state in the context of the UK’s employee relations system.Findings– In political terms there has been an uneven and incoherent set of positions which have meant that there is a growing set of tensions and breakdown in the political consensus over worker rights. In addition, the agencies of the state and other state bodies entrusted with the development of a more socially driven view of industrial relations have been increasingly and steadily undermined and weakened by governments especially those on the right. The political context of industrial relations has become fractured and unable to sustain a coherent longer term view.Originality/value– The paper tries to bring out the role of the political context and the way in has shaped the changing terrain of industrial relations and argues that the question of fragmentation is not solely visible in employee relations but in the broader political context.
Reading the death of Mrs A: a serious case review
Authors: Foley Marian , Cummins Ian 
Published: September 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to report the main themes identified into the Serious Case Review (SCR) produced by Surrey Safeguarding Adults Board (SSAB) regarding the suicide of Mrs A in January 2013.

Design/methodology/approach
– A case study approach is used to examine the SCR. The paper links the findings of the SCR with the broader literature, which has examined the experiences of witnesses and complainants in cases of sexual violence.

Findings
– The report emphasises that support for witnesses in historic sexual assault cases has improved but there are still significant gaps in provision. In particular, the systems need to support witnesses for longer after giving evidence. Mental health services need to be more aware of the potential impact of Court cases on victims of sexual violence. The case also highlights the potentially devastating impact of the media reporting of evidence given by victims in rape cases.

Practical implications
– The authors hope that a wider consideration of the circumstances of this case will lead to a greater focus on the needs of victims in cases of historic rape and other sexual assault cases. The SCR highlights that the provision of support for women giving evidence in sexual abuse cases is patchy. Such cases raise very serious ethical issues including the question of how to use the special measures that exist to support vulnerable or intimidated witnesses.

Originality/value
– The paper brings together a number of themes in the wider literature and links them to current practice. It also uses a case study approach to exploring the implications for women, in cases of historical sexual abuse, of giving evidence in Court proceedings.
Parents and the Preschool PATHS (Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies) curriculum
Authors: Kelly Barbara , Edgerton Carole , Graham Seonaid , Robertson Elaine , Syme Barry 
Published: September 2015

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to consider evidence on the effectiveness of preschool social and emotional interventions in preschool contexts and focuses on the application of an implementation framework described in relation to the Preschool Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies (PATHS) curriculum. Active parent involvement and engagement were not included in the implementation but preschool establishments spontaneously involved parents or parents sought involvement, creating innovations in delivery and context. The need for structured parent involvement and its impact are considered in relation to evidence on integrated programmes and different models of parent involvement.Design/methodology/approach– This paper reports on an interim evaluation of practitioners’ and parents’ experiences of the implementation processes, focusing on the involvement and engagement of parents.Findings– Evidence for the rationale for parent engagement in this context is substantiated. The Preschool PATHS curriculum is known to impact on children’s social competence, problem behaviour and, in the early school context, attainment. However the programme does not target parent skill directly or address parent behaviours that may affect children’s social competence and behaviour. It is suggested that the programme needs to be extended to provide structured input for parents via training and information similar to that provided for practitioners. A pilot study using integrated parent training material and supported by an implementation framework is advised.Originality/value– The paper describes a flexible, evidence-based framework supporting replicable processes useful to service providers across programmes and contexts. An “innovation” (a term used to describe deviations from programme fidelity or implementation standards) is explored which affected the creation of parallel parent involvement strategies but not the delivery of the programme itself which was carefully monitored. While adaptations and deviations are inevitable, some flag up areas where development or issues of contextual fit need to be addressed and might, as in this case, inform better integration of evidence and practice development.