bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contestation over a Profession's Memory: The UK Pharmacy Profession, 1880–1905
Authors: Currie Graeme , Wild Andrew , Lockett Andy 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe draw on the historical case of the UK pharmacy industry from 1880–1905 to examine how, in the face of a competitive threat to their survival, lower status professionals seek to reinvigorate the memory of their role in providing community service in the public interest. Derived from this, our study reveals how mnemonic work has a nuanced nature in professionalized settings. First, lower status actors enact certain types of mnemonic work because they need to maintain professional purity. Second, to maintain professional purity, lower status professionals also need to carefully sequence their mnemonic work and pay particular attention to the social context within which they are seeking to manipulate collective memory. Our study also shows how, within such a sequencing, for lower status professionals to successfully enact mnemonic work, they need to collectively mobilize their ranks and may engage in entryism to professional bodies dominated by their higher status peers.
Variation in dentist participation between dental medicaid managed care organizations
Authors: Nwachukwu Pamela C. , Damiano Peter C. , Levy Steven , Thomas James C. , Shane Dan , Singhal Astha , Dabdoub Shareef M. , Reynolds Julie C. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractObjectivesDentists' Medicaid participation is a critical factor affecting dental care access for Medicaid beneficiaries. An important gap in existing literature is the variation in participation across Medicaid dental Managed Care Organizations (MCOs) in states with more than one. This study examined the variation in participation overall and in predictors of dentist participation between two MCOs in Iowa's Dental Medicaid program.MethodsData were obtained from a survey of Iowa private practice dentists (n = 1256). Responding general dentists (n = 497) were included in the final analytic sample. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine demographic and practice characteristics associated with dentist participation (acceptance of new Medicaid patients) between MCOs and by age category.ResultsAmong respondents, the proportions accepting new adults with Medicaid were 26% (MCO 1) and 7% (MCO 2); for children, they were 40% (MCO 1) and 11% (MCO 2). For adults, dentists who were too busy (MCO1) and solo practice dentists (MCO2) were positively significantly associated with the acceptance of new patients. For children, group and rural practice dentists, as well as dentists who worked <32 h/week were positively significantly associated with acceptance of new patients with MCO1.ConclusionsThere was considerable variation in dentist‐reported acceptance of new adult and child Medicaid patients, and in the factors affecting acceptance of new patients between MCOs in Iowa dental Medicaid. Future studies of Medicaid participation should consider variations by MCO in states with more than one dental MCO so as not to miss important factors affecting Medicaid participation.
In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Melatonin‐Containing Combinations in Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zeppa Laura , Aguzzi Cristina , Morelli Maria Beatrice , Marinelli Oliviero , Amantini Consuelo , Giangrossi Martina , Santoni Giorgio , Fanelli Alessandro , Luongo Margherita , Nabissi Massimo 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACTPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Therefore, it is necessary to identify new targets and therapeutic strategies to improve the prognosis of patients with PDAC. Integrative therapies are increasingly being used to boost the efficacy of the known anticancer therapeutic approaches. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a novel combination of different potential anticancer molecules, melatonin (MLT), cannabidiol (CBD), and oxygen–ozone (O2/O3) to treat PDAC using in vitro and in vivo models of human PDAC. The effect of this combination was investigated in combination with gemcitabine (GEM), the most common chemotherapeutic drug used for PDAC treatment. The combination of MLT + CBD + O2/O3 was more effective than the individual treatments in inhibiting PDAC cell viability and proliferation, inducing cell death, and modulating the RAS pathway protein levels. Moreover, different combinations of treatments reduced tumor mass in the PDAC mouse model, thus promoting the effect of GEM. In conclusion, a mixture of MLT + CBD + O2/O3 could serve as a potential adjuvant therapeutic strategy for PDAC.
Infection by Crithidia bombi increases relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. in the gut of Bombus terrestris
Authors: Blasco‐Lavilla Nuria , López‐López Alejandro , De la Rúa Pilar , Barribeau Seth Michael 
Published: July 2024

AbstractGut microbial communities confer protection against natural pathogens in important pollinators from the genera Bombus and Apis. In commercial species B. terrestris and B. impatiens, the microbiota increases their resistance to the common and virulent trypanosomatid parasite Crithidia bombi. However, the mechanisms by which gut microorganisms protect the host are still unknown. Here, we test two hypotheses: microbiota protect the host (1) through stimulation of its immune response or protection of the gut epithelium and (2) by competing for resources with the parasite inside the gut. To test them, we reduced the microbiota of workers and then rescued the microbial community by feeding them with microbiota supplements. We then exposed them to an infectious dose of C. bombi and characterised gene expression and gut microbiota composition. We examined the expression of three antimicrobial peptide genes and Mucin‐5AC, a gene with a putative role in gut epithelium protection, using qPCR. Although a protective effect against C. bombi was observed in bumblebees with supplemented microbiota, we did not observe an effect of the microbiota on gene expression that could explain alone the protective effect observed. On the other hand, we found an increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus bacteria within the gut of infected workers and a negative correlation of this genus with Gilliamella and Snodgrassella genera. Therefore, our results point to a displacement of bumblebee endosymbionts by C. bombi that might be caused by competition for space and nutrients between the parasite and the microbiota within the gut.
Factors affecting early neurological deterioration after intravenous alteplase treatment for branch atheromatous disease
Authors: Mizuno Satoko , Deguchi Ichiro , Takahashi Shinichi , Arai Noriko , Nakagami Toru , Kimura Ryutaro , Oryu Kiichiro , Watanabe Kaito , Ueda Sae , Fujiwara Shinako , Kato Yuji , Hayashi Takeshi , Suda Satoshi 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntravenous alteplase treatment is effective for acute cerebral infarction, irrespective of the stroke type. However, its value for branch atheromatous disease (BAD) remains unclear, and early neurological deterioration (END) can occur.AimTo investigate factors affecting END after intravenous alteplase treatment in patients with acute BAD.MethodsThis study included 40 consecutive patients diagnosed with cerebral infarction due to BAD in the lenticulostriate artery territory and treated with intravenous alteplase between April 2007 and March 2023. END was defined as an increase of ≥2 points in the total National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score or ≥1 point in the motor items within 24 h post‐alteplase administration compared to the score at admission. Factors affecting END were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsEND was observed in 17 of the 40 patients (43%). The median time from the start of alteplase administration to the worsening of neurologic symptoms was 5 h. After intravenous alteplase treatment, the END group had a significantly lower 24‐h average systolic blood pressure (SBP, mean ± standard deviation mmHg) than the non‐END group (142.0 ± 15.2 vs. 149.4 ± 12.0, p < 0.001). The SBP at each time point (immediately before alteplase administration and every 2 h up to 24 h after alteplase administration) was significantly lower in the END than in the non‐END group at 2, 4, and 6 h after alteplase administration.ConclusionsWhen intravenous alteplase was administered for BAD, BP control after alteplase administration affected END. When alteplase is administered for BAD, it is important to control the blood pressure to maintain hemodynamics.
Hydraulic plasticity and water use regulation act to maintain the hydraulic safety margins of Mediterranean trees in rainfall exclusion experiments
Authors: Moreno Myriam , Limousin Jean‐Marc , Simioni Guillaume , Badel Eric , Rodríguez‐Calcerrada Jesus , Cochard Hervé , Torres‐Ruiz José M. , Dupuy Jean‐Luc , Ruffault Julien , Ormeno Elena , Delzon Sylvain , Fernandez Catherine , Ourcival Jean‐Marc , Martin‐StPaul Nicolas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHydraulic failure due to xylem embolism has been identified as one of the main mechanisms involved in drought‐induced forest decline. Trees vulnerability to hydraulic failure depends on their hydraulic safety margin (HSM). While it has been shown that HSM globally converges between tree species and biomes, there is still limited knowledge regarding how HSM can adjust locally to varying drought conditions within species. In this study, we relied on three long‐term partial rainfall exclusion experiments to investigate the plasticity of hydraulic traits and HSM for three Mediterranean tree species (Quercus ilex L., Quercus pubescens Willd., and Pinus halepensis Mill.). For all species, a homeostasis of HSM in response to rainfall reduction was found, achieved through different mechanisms. For Q. ilex, the convergence in HSM is attributed to the adjustment of both the turgor loss point (Ψtlp) and the water potential at which 50% of xylem conductivity is lost due to embolism (P50). In contrast, the maintenance of HSM for P. halepensis and Q. pubescens is related to its isohydric behavior for the first and leaf area adjustment for the latter. It remains to be seen whether this HSM homeostasis can be generalized and if it will be sufficient to withstand extreme droughts expected in the Mediterranean region.
The burden in family caregivers of people living with dementia: prevalence and predictors
Authors: Aljezawi Ma'en , Kofahi Raid , Abu Khait Abdallah , Abdalrahim Asem , Al Omari Omar , Alkhawaldeh Abdullah , ALBashtawy Mohammed , Suliman Mohammad , Khader Imad Abu , Jallad Mohammed , Qaddumi Jamal , ALBashtawy Zaid , Hani Salam Bani 
Published: July 2024

AbstractBackgroundProviding care for people with dementia incorporates a level of burden which can affect quality of life for both the caregiver and the recipient of care. This study measures the level of burden experienced by Jordanian caregivers for people with dementia and explore related predictors.MethodsThrough a cross‐sectional survey, participants were invited through convenience sampling to participate in a structured interview.ResultsA total of 406 participants completed the survey. According to Zarit Burden Interview, the mean burden score of the sample was 26.2 (SD = 16.2). This score falls under the mild to moderate burden level. Older age of the patient, severe dementia, lower number of caregivers, if the caregiving negatively affected family relations, and if the caregiving negatively affected jobs, were significant predictors of burden.ConclusionCaregivers in the current study reported no burden to a minimum burden. This result does not mean that these caregivers have no or minimal stress or that they do not have psychological needs; on the contrary, these results call for more attention to providing extra psychological and emotional support to caregivers of patients with dementia in order to decrease the burden level and maintain their efforts in caregiving. Future studies are required to discern the shape and context of unmet caregiver needs, assessment, and support.
Osteopontin expression in dromedary camel's conceptuses during the peri‐implantation period
Authors: Moqbel Mohammed Salem , Alhaider Abdulraman Khalid , Almathen Faisal , Amor Nidhal Neji Ben , Al‐Ramadan Saeed Yaseen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe reproductive efficiency of dromedary camels is hindered by challenges such as early embryonic mortality, which may be attributed to a lack of synchronization between conceptus signalling and uterine receptivity. Understanding the intricate biological processes involved in feto‐maternal interactions during implantation is crucial to address these limitations. Osteopontin (OPN) is a protein involved in cell signalling and adhesion, playing a crucial role in embryonic implantation. Previous studies have shown the presence of OPN in the uterine endometrium of various mammalian species including dromedary camels. However, the expression pattern of OPN in dromedary conceptuses remains unexplored. Thus, the current study aimed, for the first time, to investigate the temporospatial expression of OPN in dromedary conceptuses during the peri‐implantation period at Days 8, 10, and 12 of pregnancy. Twelve conceptuses were recovered non‐surgically from pregnant females on Days 8, 10, 12 of pregnancy. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qrt‐PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence (IF) were employed for analysis of the expression of OPN mRNA and protein. The results revealed significant increases in both OPN mRNA and protein expression started on Day 10 and peaked at Day 12 of pregnancy. Immuno‐localization confirmed the presence of OPN protein in the trophectoderm and endoderm of dromedary conceptuses. In conclusion, the expression and localization of OPN during the peri‐implantation period in dromedary conceptuses imply its involvement as a crucial reproductive factor and its upregulation during this period, with a pronounced increase close to attachment time (Day 12 of pregnancy) further supports its role in embryo adhesion, implantation, and placentation.
Trusting organizational law
Authors: Bayern Shawn 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDecentralized governance technologies like blockchains are often proposed as substitutes for private legal arrangements like those provided by company law or organizational law more generally. In established legal systems in developed countries, the costs of implementing such algorithmic mechanisms are likely to be greater than the agency or other costs that come from selecting and trusting an existing third party. But even if that were not true, attempting to achieve decentralized governance solely by algorithm is more complicated than it appears and incurs significant “formalism costs.” Such costs can be reduced by the wealth of experience represented by the operational processes of organizational law. Mixing those operational processes with algorithmic governance by “opting into” organizational law, thereby letting it govern the interface between the algorithms and the real‐world legal rights associated with an organization, is likely to be a governance model superior to the use of algorithmic governance alone.
Effects of poly‐γ‐glutamic acid addition on the transformation and distribution of soil nitrogen under different water conditions
Authors: Jing Bo , Shi Wenjuan , Wang Ying , Zhai Zhongmin , Chen Tao 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe impact of external poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA) on soil nitrogen (N) transformation and distribution remains unclear, despite its contrasting effects on N use efficiency. Therefore, soil culture and soil column experiments were conducted using three different γ‐PGA addition rates (0%, 4% and 8% of dry soil weight, w/w) under different soil water contents (40%, 60% and 80% of field water capacity) and dry–wet cycles (0, 2, 4 and 8 times cycles; a single dry–wet cycle involved reducing soil water content from 80% to 40% of field water capacity) in sandy loam soil. The results of soil culture experiment showed that the γ‐PGA significantly increased soil –N and –N contents, as well as nitrification and transformation rates. However, these effects were observed to be influenced by both the culture time and soil water content. In addition, the results of soil column experiment showed that γ‐PGA not only significantly enhanced the soil inorganic nitrogen content within the 0–20 cm soil layer, but also improved water retention capacity. However, the differences between the γ‐PGA treatments gradually diminished with an increase in dry–wet cycle times. These results indicate that γ‐PGA addition enhanced soil inorganic N content and soil water retention by influencing soil N transformation and water distribution. However, the impact of γ‐PGA addition on soil improvement was regulated by soil water content, which should be taken into full consideration in agricultural practices.
Explicit continued fraction expansion of a rational root of 1+x−1$1+x^{-1}$ over Fp$\mathbb {F}_p$
Authors: Bugeaud Yann , Han Guo‐Niu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractLet be a prime number, and positive integers coprime with . We provide the explicit continued fraction expansion of the th root of in the power series field . We determine its irrationality exponent.
Influence of Elements in Steel With Anode Plasma Electrolytic Boriding on Hardness Gradient and Tribological Properties
Authors: Tianlin Zhu , Chongyang Nie , Chao Zhao , Lixia Ying , Guixiang Wang , Wei Wu , Ting Zheng , Yan Lu 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The influence of elements in steel on anode plasma electrolytic boriding has been studied. The modified layers and surfaces on steel samples were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope, an X-ray diffractometer, a surface profiler, a microhardness tester, and a ball-disc tribometer. With 1045 steel as the control group, the same treatment parameters (treatment with 5 min, 200 V of voltage, 5% boric acid, and 10% ammonium chloride) were implemented on various steel substrates. It was found that a low content of carbon would hinder the penetration of boron, and other metallic elements can improve the mircrohardness gradient and decrease the wear-rate. Chromium and manganese can increase the maximum microhardness than treated 1045 by about 15%, but have a detrimental effect on surface flatness. Nevertheless, manganese has the ability to rapidly create a layer of oxide that enhances the tribological characteristics, leading to a remarkably low average friction coefficient of 0.26 for 1046 steel. The presence of molybdenum in the element composition of 4140 steel results in a notable enhancement of surface properties, namely in terms of wear resistance, with a minimum wear-rate 2.1 × 10−6 g/Nm for 4140 steel. Nickel does not appear to have a notable impact on the surface characteristics of the modified samples.
How does the polymerase of non-segmented negative strand RNA viruses commit to transcription or genome replication?
Authors: Kleiner Victoria A. , Fearns Rachel 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

The
Mononegavirales
, or non-segmented negative-sense RNA viruses (nsNSVs), includes significant human pathogens, such as respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, measles virus, Ebola virus, and rabies virus. Although these viruses differ widely in their pathogenic properties, they are united by each having a genome consisting of a single strand of negative-sense RNA. Consistent with their shared genome structure, the nsNSVs have evolved similar ways to transcribe their genome into mRNAs and replicate it to produce new genomes. Importantly, both mRNA transcription and genome replication are performed by a single virus-encoded polymerase. A fundamental and intriguing question is: how does the nsNSV polymerase commit to being either an mRNA transcriptase or a replicase? The polymerase must become committed to one process or the other either before it interacts with the genome template or in its initial interactions with the promoter sequence at the 3´ end of the genomic RNA. This review examines the biochemical, molecular biology, and structural biology data regarding the first steps of transcription and RNA replication that have been gathered over several decades for different families of nsNSVs. These findings are discussed in relation to possible models that could explain how an nsNSV polymerase initiates and commits to either transcription or genome replication.
rAAV expressing a COBRA-designed influenza hemagglutinin generates a protective and durable adaptive immune response with a single dose
Authors: Wiggins Kristin B. , Winston Stephen M. , Reeves Isaiah L. , Gaevert Jessica , Spence Yunyu , Brimble Mark A. , Livingston Brandi , Morton Christopher L. , Thomas Paul G. , Sant Andrea J. , Ross Ted M. , Davidoff Andrew M. , Schultz-Cherry Stacey 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Influenza remains a worldwide public health threat. Although seasonal influenza vaccines are currently the best means of preventing severe disease, the standard-of-care vaccines require frequent updating due to antigenic drift and can have low efficacy, particularly in vulnerable populations. Here, we demonstrate that a single administration of a recombinant adenovirus-associated virus (rAAV) vector expressing a computationally optimized broadly reactive antigen (COBRA)-derived influenza H1 hemagglutinin (HA) induces strongly neutralizing and broadly protective antibodies in naïve mice and ferrets with pre-existing influenza immunity. Following a lethal viral challenge, the rAAV-COBRA vaccine allowed for significantly reduced viral loads in the upper and lower respiratory tracts and complete protection from morbidity and mortality that lasted for at least 5 months post-vaccination. We observed no signs of antibody waning during this study. CpG motif enrichment of the antigen can act as an internal adjuvant to further enhance the immune responses to allow for lower vaccine dosages with the induction of unique interferon-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T cells specific to HA head and stem peptide sequences. Our studies highlight the utility of rAAV as an effective platform to improve seasonal influenza vaccines.

IMPORTANCE
Developing an improved seasonal influenza vaccine remains an ambitious goal of researchers and clinicians alike. With influenza routinely causing severe epidemics with the potential to rise to pandemic levels, it is critical to create an effective, broadly protective, and durable vaccine to improve public health worldwide. As a potential solution, we created a rAAV viral vector expressing a COBRA-optimized influenza hemagglutinin antigen with modestly enriched CpG motifs to evoke a robust and long-lasting immune response after a single intramuscular dose without needing boosts or adjuvants. Importantly, the rAAV vaccine boosted antibody breadth to future strains in ferrets with pre-existing influenza immunity. Together, our data support further investigation into the utility of viral vectors as a potential avenue to improve our seasonal influenza vaccines.