bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing Mechanochromic Fluorescent Interphase via Core–Shell Microcapsules: A Route for Interface Reinforcing and Damage Self‐Reporting of CFRP Composites
Authors: Liang Siyun , Sun Yuhang , Yang Peiwen , Su Qingfu , Li Gang , Yang Xiaoping , Zuo Xiaobiao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractPerylenediimide‐chitosan/γ‐poly (glutamic acid) microcapsules sizing (PDI‐CS/γ‐PGA) core–shell microcapsule is designed and used to establish a novel interphase in carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composite, and the interfacial property, as well as the damage self‐reporting of the composite, is compared with desized carbon fiber (CF‐desized)/EP and commercial carbon fiber (CF‐COM)/EP composite. The ruptured PDI‐CS/γ‐PGA microcapsule exhibits strong “turn‐on” green fluorescence from the released PDI upon mechanical stimuli. The anchoring of PDI‐CS/γ‐PGA microcapsule on carbon fiber with PDI‐CS/γ‐PGA microcapsules sizing (CF@PDI‐CS/γ‐PGA) surface results in increased chemical activity and roughness, exhibiting a weak green fluorescence signal instead of non‐fluorescence on CF‐desized and CF‐COM surface. The transverse fiber bundle tensile (TFBT) strength of CF@PDI‐CS/γ‐PGA composite is 80.97% and 31.09% higher than those of CF‐desized/EP and CF‐COM/EP composite, which is attributed to the mechanical interlocking and chemical bonding interaction between carbon fiber and epoxy matrix by introducing PDI‐CS/γ‐PGA microcapsule with spherular structure and active groups. After microdroplet testing, the strong “turn‐on” green fluorescence signal of the released PDI from the microcapsules is detected in the interfacial debonding regions, realizing the microscopic damage self‐reporting of CF@PDI‐CS/γ‐PGA composite.
Activation and inhibition of sirtuins: From bench to bedside
Authors: Fiorentino Francesco , Fabbrizi Emanuele , Mai Antonello , Rotili Dante 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThe sirtuin family comprises seven NAD+‐dependent enzymes which catalyze protein lysine deacylation and mono ADP‐ribosylation. Sirtuins act as central regulators of genomic stability and gene expression and control key processes, including energetic metabolism, cell cycle, differentiation, apoptosis, and aging. As a result, all sirtuins play critical roles in cellular homeostasis and organism wellness, and their dysregulation has been linked to metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological diseases. Furthermore, sirtuins have shown dichotomous roles in cancer, acting as context‐dependent tumor suppressors or promoters. Given their central role in different cellular processes, sirtuins have attracted increasing research interest aimed at developing both activators and inhibitors. Indeed, sirtuin modulation may have therapeutic effects in many age‐related diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Moreover, isoform selective modulators may increase our knowledge of sirtuin biology and aid to develop better therapies. Through this review, we provide critical insights into sirtuin pharmacology and illustrate their enzymatic activities and biological functions. Furthermore, we outline the most relevant sirtuin modulators in terms of their modes of action, structure–activity relationships, pharmacological effects, and clinical applications.
A miniaturized on‐chip BPF with low insertion loss and wide stopband based on integrated passive device technology
Authors: Li Fuwang , Cheng Yi‐Feng , Wang Gaofeng 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn this study, a novel bandpass filter (BPF) characterized by low insertion loss (IL) and the presence of two transmission zeros (TZs) based on integrated passive device (IPD) technology is introduced. The design incorporates a low‐pass filter and a high‐pass filter which both exhibit strong out‐of‐band suppression performance. The control structure for TZs is constructed by cascading the inductance and capacitance components. The TZ controlling structure primarily generates TZs at high frequencies, resulting in a further bandwidth enhancement in the stopband. The lumped circuit of the proposed BPF is first constructed, and rigorous design formulas are provided to assist in constructing the proposed design. After schematic optimization, the second step involves layout optimization and simulation based on the specific IPD process. Experimental results mounted on a printed circuit board demonstrate that the bandwidth spans from 3.3 to 4.2 GHz with an IL of only 2.0 dB at the center frequency. Additionally, this BPF achieves impressive sideband suppression, exceeding 18 dB in the 0–1.7 GHz range and 30 dB in the 9–15 GHz range. Remarkably, the BPF is exceptionally compact with only 0.5 mm × 1.0 mm (0.006λc × 0.012λc). The proposed BPF exhibits outstanding performance with minimal IL and extensive sideband suppression at such a compact size based on the IPD technology.
Photo‐induced polymerization of styrene‐maleic acid copolymers for the extraction of membrane proteins
Authors: Monjal Valentin , Guillet Pierre , Moreno Alexis , Soulié Marine , Durand Grégory 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe report herein the photoinduced electron/energy transfer–reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (PET‐RAFT) polymerization of styrene‐maleic anhydride (SMAnh) using the photocatalyst, zinc tetraphenylporphirine, under a white cool LED light. PET‐RAFT is an easy and convenient polymerization method that does not require deoxygenation unlike other radical polymerizations. Various parameters, for example, the amount of styrene in the feed or the solvent, and their influence on the polymerization were studied. After hydrolysis of the anhydride moieties, the resulting styrene‐maleic acid (SMA) copolymers obtained by PET‐RAFT copolymerization were evaluated for their solubilization efficiency of three different membrane proteins, BmrA and AcrB, overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and A2AR, expressed in insect cells (Sf9). The different copolymers provided similar solubilization rates to the commercially available SMA; however, a highly improved migration behavior on sodium dodecyl‐sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was observed which could, facilitate downstream analyses. Overall, we demonstrated that PET‐RAFT is a versatile oxygen tolerant polymerization technique to yield SMA, a suitable polymer for biochemical applications.
Investigation of the laser fluence and wavelength dependence in surface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using gold nanoparticles
Authors: Müller Wendy H. , Potthoff Alexander , Dreisewerd Klaus , Soltwisch Jens 
Published: August 2024

RationaleSurface‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) builds on the use of nanostructured surfaces (e.g., coatings of colloidal nanoparticles) to promote analyte desorption and ionization. The SALDI process is believed to occur mainly through thermal processes, resulting from heating of the nanosubstrate upon absorption of the photon energy, and by assisting ionization steps. Mostly due to the accessibility of the respective hardware, the majority of SALDI‐MS studies use standard laser wavelengths for MALDI (i.e., 337 or 355 nm), even though peak absorption of the SALDI nanosubstrate might completely differ from these values.MethodsHere, we investigated the wavelength dependence in SALDI‐MS to determine if wavelength adjustment would be beneficial, and to provide new experimental data for a better understanding of the SALDI mechanism. To this end, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) sprayed onto microscope glass slides were employed as SALDI nanosubstrates and L‐arginine as a model analyte. In addition, we used 2,5‐dihydroxyacetophenone (2,5‐DHAP) for classical MALDI‐MS using the same experimental setup. Arginine ion signals were recorded as a function of laser wavelength and laser fluence. Mass spectra were acquired in the wavelength range between 310 and 630 nm, including the absorption maximum of the sprayed AuNPs around 550 nm and that of 2,5‐DHAP around 380 nm.ResultsLaser fluence thresholds for the generation of arginine ions were found to be dependent on the laser wavelength and to inversely correlate with the absorbance profiles of the deposited AuNPs and 2,5‐DHAP, respectively. Very differently to MALDI, in SALDI ionization efficiency was found to strictly linearly decrease with increasing laser wavelength.ConclusionsOur results, therefore, corroborate the general assumption that material ejection in SALDI‐MS is mainly driven by thermal processes in the low laser fluence range and add new evidence that the ionization process is directly influenced by photon energy when AuNPs are employed as nanosubstrates.
Role of Gut Microbiota in Dengue
Authors: Pedreañez Adriana , Carrero Yenddy , Vargas Renata , Hernandez‐Fonseca Juan P. , Hernandez‐Fonseca Hugo , Mosquera Jesús A. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTDengue is a disease caused by a flavivirus (DENV) and transmitted by the bite of a mosquito, primarily the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus species. Previous studies have demonstrated a relationship between the host gut microbiota and the evolution of dengue. It seems to be a bidirectional relationship, in which the DENV can affect the microbiota by inducing alterations related to intestinal permeability, leading to the release of molecules from microbiota dysbiosis that can influence the evolution of dengue. The role of angiotensin II (Ang II) in the microbiota/dengue relationship is not well understood, but it is known that the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) is present in the intestinal tract and interacts with the gut microbiota. The possible effect of Ang II on the microbiota/Ang II/dengue relationship can be summarised as follows: the presence of Ang II induced hypertension, the increase in angiotensinogen, chymase, and microRNAs during the disease, the induction of vascular dysfunction, the production of trimethylamine N‐oxide and the brain/microbiota relationship, all of which are elements present in dengue that could be part of the microbiota/Ang II/dengue interactions. These findings suggest the potential use of Ang II synthesis blockers and the use of AT1 receptor antagonists as therapeutic drugs in dengue.
Extracellular enzyme activity and stoichiometry reveal P limitation in the wild panda habitat of the Qinling Mountains
Authors: Chang Shun , Li Chunyue , Miao Yu , Wang Yi , Zhang Wenting , Li Qianxue , Kou Zhaoyang , Zeng Xiaomin , Chen Ji 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSoil microbial extracellular enzymes play crucial roles in soil carbon and nutrient cycling by catalyzing soil biochemical processes. However, the activity and stoichiometry of enzymes involved in the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles in the environment with the highest density of wild giant pandas on the southern slopes of the Qinling Mountains is unknown. We have established eight research areas at an elevation of 1090–2621 m. The β‐1,4‐glucosidase (BG), β‐1,4‐N‐acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), and acid phosphatase (APase) in soil samples were measured. We used redundancy analysis and structural equation model to evaluate the driving factors of metabolic restriction of soil microorganisms along the elevational gradient, and four models were used to cross‐evaluate the nutrient restriction status of soil microorganisms. The results showed that most soil physiochemical properties, soil microbial biomass, and microbial extracellular enzymes exhibited a hump‐shaped trend with increasing elevation. Elevation indirectly affected soil enzyme activity and stoichiometry by C, N, and P status. Microorganisms are limited by C at lower and higher elevations but limited by N at medium elevations. These results could help strengthen the conservation and management of the wild panda's natural habitat.
Promoting sustainable development goals through generative artificial intelligence in the digital supply chain: Insights from Chinese tourism SMEs
Authors: Wang Shaofeng , Zhang Hao 
Published: August 2024

AbstractInterdisciplinary advancements, such as generative artificial intelligence (AI) and digital supply chains, can significantly contribute to achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs), particularly within tourism. This paper illuminates how it works well, focusing on the underexplored area of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance within small and medium‐sized tourism enterprises (SMEs) in China. Through a survey of 429 international SMEs, we apply the Resource‐Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory to investigate how generative AI, such as ChatGPT, in digital supply chains can enhance innovation, collaboration, and, ultimately, ESG performance. The empirical findings underscore the pivotal role of generative AI in augmenting ESG performance via bolstering innovation and collaboration within digital supply chains. Additionally, the moderating effect of customer involvement positively influences the relationship between the digital supply chain and ESG performance. By demonstrating these relations, our study contributes to theoretical and practical efforts toward sustainable tourism and the broader achievement of the SDGs.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of hydatidosis in cattle slaughtered at Wolaita Sodo municipality abattoir
Authors: Endale Habtamu , Mathewos Mesfin 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundHydatidosis, caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, affect cattle by forming hydatid cyst in thier lungs, livers and pose great financial loss in animal production and country's economy by both direct and indirect effect. Despite its great economic and health importance, there is an absence of current information on cystic echinococcosis in cattle slaughtered at Wolaita Sodo municipality abattoir in Ethiopia.ObjectivesCurrent investigation determines the prevalence, organ distribution and fertility of hydatid cysts in cattle slaughtered at the Wolaita Sodo municipality abattoir in Ethiopia.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted from February, 2023, to October, 2023, at Wolaita Sodo municipality abattoir in southern Ethiopia, through regular meat examinations and cyst characterisation to determine the prevalence, organ distribution and fertility of hydatid cysts.ResultsThe overall prevalence of hydatidosis recorede in current study was 17.9% (69/384) and has shown a statistically significant association (p < 0.05) with the body condition of cattle. However, there was no statistically significant association (p > 0.05) between the prevalence of hydatidosis and other risk factors such as sex, breed, production system and origin of animals. This study showed that the lungs and liver were the most affected organs in cattle, followed by the spleen and kidneys. On cyst characterisation, the majority of hydatid cysts were found sterile (55.4%) followed by fertile (38.8%) and calcified (8.7%) cysts. Out of 125 fertile hydatid cysts tested for survival, 18.8% (58/321) were viable and 20% (67/321) were nonviable.ConclusionThe finding of this study shows that cystic echinococcus was important health threat of the cattle and widespread in the internal organs of affected cattle causing significant economic loss by condemning edible organs that are not suitable for human consumption. Therefore, urgent and integreted preventive action is needed to disrupt the life cycle of cystic echinococcosis to tackle subsequent financial loss and risk of zoonosis to humans in the study area.
Real-Time GNSS Integrated Water Vapor Sensing Based on Time Series Correction Deep Learning Models
Authors: Wang Duo , Yuan Peng , Kutterer Hansjörg 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIn the past three decades, GNSS-based Integrated Water Vapor (IWV) retrieval has been intensively investigated, and its products have been widely used in meteorology like severe weather event monitoring. The physical model for the inversion of IWV from the tropospheric Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) requires meteorological data at the location of the GNSS station, such as the surface pressure and the atmospheric weighted mean temperature. However, real-time acquisition of the meteorological data is a very challenging task for most GNSS stations. While proposed empirical models such as Global Pressure and Temperature 3 (GPT3) can provide the meteorological data based on their historical information, larger estimation distortions are found in specific mid- and high-latitude regions. Moreover, we analyzed the seasonal variations in GPT3 prediction errors. In view of the above-mentioned problems, this study implements an IWV conversion model based on a feedforward Deep artificial Neural Network (DNN) and Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) network, which learns historical data from GNSS stations and allows real-time ZTD to IWV conversion without the need of actual meteorological observation but of values only GPT3. Results at four selected mid- and high-latitude GNSS stations show that the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the proposed deep learning method decreases from an average of 3.97 mm to 2.84 mm compared to GNSS IWV retrieved from GPT3. The proposed model provides a broad applicability in real-time GNSS IWV prediction without the availability of real-time measured meteorological data.
11 Accelerating Diagnostic Innovation for Pandemic Control
Authors: Gilliland C. Taylor , Heetderks William , Juluru Krishna , Kirilusha Anthony , Lash Tiffani B. , Merchak Todd , Qashu Felicia , Sheeley Douglas M. , Snyder Mark , Weitz Andrew , Wolfson Michael , Tromberg Bruce 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Any serious outbreak of a novel infectious disease requires rapid innovation in testing technologies that can efficiently and accurately screen and diagnose active infection on both the individual and population levels. Delays in diagnostic testing imperil containment of an outbreak and delay control of a pandemic. In response to the dearth of diagnostics for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the outset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) launched the Rapid Acceleration of Diagnostics (RADx) initiative. RADx comprises a suite of programs to support the development, production scale-up, and deployment of SARS-CoV-2 tests across the country. RADx helped create a diagnostic testing ecosystem that is dynamic, distributed, and accessible, and that extends diagnostic testing to the point of care (POC) and into homes, schools, and places of business. This chapter describes the approach and lessons learned through one of the components of RADx, RADx Technology, that sped innovation in the development, commercialization, and implementation of COVID-19 testing. RADx Tech, led by the NIH National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), used an innovation funnel methodology to compress the diagnostic technology development timeline from years to months. This was accomplished by employing expert teams in parallel to address technical, regulatory, clinical, and commercialization requirements and to support the validation, de-risking, scale-up, manufacturing, and deployment of novel SARS-CoV-2 tests. RADx Tech and its partner programs enabled dozens of testing technologies to obtain regulatory authorization, delivered billions of tests into the market, and catalyzed a fundamental shift toward the acceptance and widespread use of self-testing. This program represents a new paradigm by which the NIH, and the federal government writ large, can catalyze medical technology development during a public health emergency.
12 Vaccine Candidates for Novel Pathogens
Authors: Bok Karin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter reviews recent progress in developing vaccine platforms and other techniques to formulate vaccine candidates, especially in actual and potential pandemic emergencies. Innovative medical countermeasure (MCM) designs and manufacturing technologies currently in use to combat COVID-19 are primary examples, along with future approaches. Better understanding of viral structure and self-assembly, intended target proteins, and conserved but vulnerable viral epitopes, as well as immune system reactions to viral infection, is foundational to preparedness for the emergence of novel or variant pathogens and rapid development of new MCMs. The prototype pathogen approach to MCM development promotes advance development of vaccine candidates incorporating critical, innovative safety and immunogenicity features into designs based on a well-informed target product profile.
15.1 In Practice: Leveraging an Integrated National Health System for Research Response—The UK National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Translational Research Collaboration
Authors: Lemoine Nick R. , Chinnery Patrick F. , Taylor Charlotte H. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the efforts and strategies that allowed the United Kingdom (UK) to lead the world in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) research, inform government policy, and provide its National Health Service (NHS) and social care systems with tools needed to prevent and treat COVID-19. The UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) minimized fragmentation of research efforts between countries in the UK, guided the prioritization of resources across the system in the UK, and focused efforts on therapeutics most likely to be effective against severe acute respiratory system coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19. The Urgent Public Health (UPH) process treated research as a crucial, prioritized component of the COVID-19 response from the start of the pandemic and assembled a portfolio of platform trials spanning first-in-human (Phase I) through Phase III safety and efficacy trials on medical countermeasures (MCMs). The impartial, scientifically driven UK Covid Therapeutics Advisory Panel (UK-CTAP) was established to identify, prioritize, and recommend drugs to be tested through national trial platforms while avoiding duplication of effort. Treatment recommendations were made through an open submission system approach based on three layers of scrutiny to guard against conscious and subconscious bias. A Therapeutics Taskforce coordinated government efforts and ensured that high-quality research was delivered at pace, providing patients with timely access to safe and effective COVID-19 treatments. These successes have helped save the lives of millions around the world, and NIHR continues to support critical research that enables treatments and vaccines for all.