bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron ionization of different large perfluoroethers embedded in ultracold helium droplets: effective freezing of short‐lived decomposition intermediates
Authors: Bartl P. , Tanzer K. , Mitterdorfer C. , Karolczak S. , Illenberger E. , Denifl S. , Scheier P. 
Published: December 2012

RATIONALEElectron ionization of three perfluoroethers (PFEs), C6F14O3, C8F18O4, and C10F20O5, is studied in the gas phase and when the molecules are embedded in ultracold helium (He) droplets. The molecules investigated are model compounds for perfluoropolyethers used as lubricants in technical applications. The present study gives insight into possible radiolysis pathways upon radiation exposure.METHODSThe experiments utilized a crossed electron/droplet beam apparatus consisting of a He droplet source and pick‐up chamber combined with a commercial time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. The doped droplets were ionized by electron ionization at 70 eV.RESULTSThe He environment strongly affects the ionization patterns in the way that both the molecular ion M+ and high‐mass fragment ions formed by the loss of light neutral species such as F ([M–F]+), or CF3OCF2 ([M–CF3OCF2]+), etc., became strong signals in the mass spectrum. These signals were not or only barely visible in the gas‐phase experiment and were identified as short lived (< µs) dissociation intermediates which in the gas phase immediately decomposed into lower‐mass fragment ions.CONCLUSIONSIonic fragmentation intermediates are frozen and subsequently stabilized in the He environment. Helium droplets can hence be viewed as a cryogenic laboratory transforming short‐lived decomposition intermediates into stable fragment ions appearing as strong signals in the mass spectrum. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of cerebroplacental ratio for fetal assessment in prolonged pregnancy
Authors: D'Antonio F. , Patel D. , Chandrasekharan N. , Thilaganathan B. , Bhide A. 
Published: December 2012

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the role of the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), i.e. the ratio between the middle cerebral artery and umbilical artery pulsatility indices, in detecting fetal compromise in prolonged pregnancy.MethodsWomen attending a dedicated postdates clinic at 41 weeks' gestation were recruited for the study and CPR was calculated at 41+3 weeks. Induction of labor was offered at 42 weeks to those women still undelivered. Unfavorable outcome was defined as cord arterial pH < 7.15 with a base deficit of > 11 mM/L or operative delivery for abnormal intrapartum fetal electrocardiogram ST‐segment analysis. The 5th centiles of the CPR, obtained from published reference ranges (0.90) and from our population (0.98), were used as lower cut‐off values.ResultsThree hundred and twenty women who reached a gestational age of over 41 weeks were eligible for inclusion in the study. The median gestational age at delivery was 294 (range, 289–300) days. Unfavorable outcome was observed in 58/320 pregnancies. There was no significant difference in the proportion of unfavorable outcomes between the two groups defined using either CPR cut‐off value (both P > 0.05).ConclusionCPR is not predictive of unfavorable outcome in women with pregnancies lasting more than 41 weeks. Copyright © 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Effective Theories of Classical Gravity
Authors: Wells James D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractIf the concepts underlying Effective Theory were appreciated from the earliest days of Newtonian gravity, Le Verrier’s announcement in 1845 of the anomalous perihelion precession of Mercury would have been no surprise. Furthermore, the size of the effect could have been anticipated through “naturalness” arguments well before the definitive computation in General Relativity. Thus, we have an illustration of how Effective Theory concepts can guide us in extending our knowledge to “new physics”, and not just in how to reduce larger theories to restricted (e.g., lower energy) domains.
A Nodal Positivity Constant: New Perspectives in Lymph Node Evaluation and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Hogan Niamh M. , Winter Desmond C. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPurposeTo date, associations between the number of lymph nodes evaluated, staging, and survival have been examined in the context of large population‐based studies conducted by a small number of investigators. Therefore, although high‐quality data are available, perspective is lacking.MethodsStudies for this paper were identified by searches of Medline, Scopus, PubMed, and manual searching of references from articles, using the search terms ‘‘colorectal cancer’’, ‘‘nodal status’’ and ‘‘lymph node’’.ResultsIt is clear that survival benefit increases with the increasing number of lymph nodes harvested. Despite this observation, there has been no significant increase in the proportion of node‐positive cancers over the past two decades.ConclusionThe nodal positivity rate for colorectal cancer consistently approximates 40 % across a wide range of studies internationally, a phenomenon that has not previously been recognized in the literature. We review the evidence and introduce the concept of a nodal positivity constant.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Genetic Counselling: A Case Study of Recurrent Worry
Authors: Broley Stephanie 
Published: December 2012

AbstractI present a case study where the mother of a child with 22q11 deletion disorder appeared to be experiencing recurrent, intrusive worry associated with the inherent uncertainty of this highly variable condition. Counselling sessions are summarised followed by an in‐depth reflection about the case with reference to the main therapeutic tenets of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Specific techniques which may have been of great benefit to the client and potential application in the genetic counselling setting are explored in the context of ACT.
Hydrological changes and paleoproductivity in the Gulf of California during middle and late Holocene and their relationship with ITCZ and North American Monsoon variability
Authors: Pérez-Cruz Ligia 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis study investigates changes in precipitation patterns and variations in paleoproductivity in the tropical Pacific region associated with the North American Monsoon, Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) latitudinal migration, and changes in insolation during the middle and late Holocene. Major and trace element records (Al, Ba, C, K, Si and Ti) and Zr/Al and Ba/Al ratios in a core from Alfonso Basin, southern Gulf of California, are used as proxies of terrigenous input and bio-productivity. Records reveal an increase in precipitation and low bio-productivity ca. 6200 to 2400 cal yr BP, associated with the strengthening of monsoonal precipitation and northward shift of the ITCZ mean position in the eastern tropical Pacific. A multi-centennial drought from ca. 2400 to 1900 cal yr BP, and a dry and cold interval ca. 700 and 500 cal yr BP, are characterized by strong aeolian input and enhanced productivity, associated with diminution of the summer monsoonal precipitation and reduced insolation in the Northern Hemisphere and more southerly ITCZ position. Correlation of Alfonso Basin records with other records in the Gulf of California and the Pigmy and Cariaco basins in the Gulf of Mexico and central Atlantic provides constraints on NAM, ITCZ migration, and insolation-driven changes.
HF wave scattering by field‐aligned plasma irregularities considering refraction in the ionosphere
Authors: Galushko V. G. , Bezrodny V. G. , Koloskov A. V. , Paznukhov V. V. , Reinisch B. W. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThis paper analyzes the effect of ionospheric refraction on the scattering of high frequency (HF) signals by random field‐aligned irregularities in the upper ionosphere. Ray optics calculations are made using the perturbation method for a plane‐stratified (on average) ionosphere, i.e., the incident and scattered waves are both supposed to propagate along the undisturbed trajectories with neglect of the geomagnetic field effect. The equation for the so‐called cone of aspect‐sensitive scattering is derived to relate the trajectory characteristics of the incident and aspect‐sensitive scattered signals. The Born approximation is applied to calculate the scattering cross‐section for the anisotropic power law model spectrum of random irregularities of the upper ionosphere. The possibility of excitation of the ionospheric interlayer waveguide by the aspect‐sensitive scattered HF signals is analyzed in detail for the specific conditions of the HF heating experiment at European Incoherent Scatter (EICSAT).
Microbial composition affects the functioning of estuarine sediments
Authors: Reed Heather E , Martiny Jennifer B H 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Although microorganisms largely drive many ecosystem processes, the relationship between microbial composition and their functioning remains unclear. To tease apart the effects of composition and the environment directly, microbial composition must be manipulated and maintained, ideally in a natural ecosystem. In this study, we aimed to test whether variability in microbial composition affects functional processes in a field setting, by reciprocally transplanting riverbed sediments between low- and high-salinity locations along the Nonesuch River (Maine, USA). We placed the sediments into microbial ‘cages’ to prevent the migration of microorganisms, while allowing the sediments to experience the abiotic conditions of the surroundings. We performed two experiments, short- (1 week) and long-term (7 weeks) reciprocal transplants, after which we assayed a variety of functional processes in the cages. In both experiments, we examined the composition of bacteria generally (targeting the 16S rDNA gene) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) specifically (targeting the dsrAB gene) using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). In the short-term experiment, sediment processes (CO2 production, CH4 flux, nitrification and enzyme activities) depended on both the sediment’s origin (reflecting differences in microbial composition between salt and freshwater sediments) and the surrounding environment. In the long-term experiment, general bacterial composition (but not SRB composition) shifted in response to their new environment, and this composition was significantly correlated with sediment functioning. Further, sediment origin had a diminished effect, relative to the short-term experiment, on sediment processes. Overall, this study provides direct evidence that microbial composition directly affects functional processes in these sediments.
Diagnosis and Management of Prosthetic Joint Infection: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of Americaa
Authors: Osmon Douglas R. , Berbari Elie F. , Berendt Anthony R. , Lew Daniel , Zimmerli Werner , Steckelberg James M. , Rao Nalini , Hanssen Arlen , Wilson Walter R. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThese guidelines are intended for use by infectious disease specialists, orthopedists, and other healthcare professionals who care for patients with prosthetic joint infection (PJI). They include evidence-based and opinion-based recommendations for the diagnosis and management of patients with PJI treated with debridement and retention of the prosthesis, resection arthroplasty with or without subsequent staged reimplantation, 1-stage reimplantation, and amputation.
Fatty acid‐binding protein 4 and incident heart failure: the Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Djoussé Luc , Bartz Traci M. , Ix Joachim H. , Kochar Jinesh , Kizer Jorge R. , Gottdiener John S. , Tracy Russell P. , Mozaffarian Dariush , Siscovick David S. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Zieman Susan J. 
Published: December 2012

AimTo examine the association of plasma fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP4) with incident heart failure.Methods and resultsIn a prospective study of 4179 participants from the Cardiovascular Health Study, we measured plasma FABP4 on blood specimens collected between 1992 and 1993. Incident heart failure was adjudicated by an endpoint committee and we used a Cox proportional hazards model to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) of heart failure. The average age at baseline was 75 years. During a median follow‐up of 10.7 years, 1182 cases of incident heart failure occurred. We observed a positive association between FABP4 and heart failure in the minimally adjusted models [HR 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25–1.38 per 1 SD higher FABP4] that was attenuated upon adjustment for potential confounders, mostly kidney function and body mass index (corresponding HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.17). In a subsample of heart failure cases with available data on LV systolic function, FABP4 was not associated with heart failure with or without preserved LV systolic function. Exclusion of people with unintentional weight loss and self‐reported fair/poor health status did not alter the conclusion.ConclusionAn elevated plasma concentration of FABP4 was associated with a modestly higher risk of heart failure in older adults in the USA after adjustment for confounding factors.
Relationships between floral morphology and pollinator fauna in insular and main island populations of Hosta longipes (Liliaceae)
Authors: Yamada Takayuki , Maki Masayuki 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe compared the floral morphologies and pollinator fauna and morphologies of Hosta longipes var. longipes on the main Japanese island of Honshu and var. latifolia on the Izu Islands to examine the differentiation processes of H. longipes in the island system. The corolla length was shorter on the southern Izu Islands than on the main island and northern Izu Islands. However, the size of other flower parts of H. longipes did not simply decrease across main island Honshu and the Izu Islands, unlike other Izu endemic plant species studied previously. Instead, the floral morphology showed a complicated variation pattern. Pollinator fauna of H. longipes on the Izu Islands varied more widely than those on the main island. The diverse pollinator fauna may have influenced the morphological differentiation of H. longipes on these islands.
What goes up must come down! A primary care approach to preventing injuries amongst highflying cheerleaders
Authors: Waters Nicole 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPurposeThis article provides information regarding the most common nonlife‐threatening and catastrophic injuries that occur during cheerleading, and describes the role of the nurse practitioner (NP) in managing patients who participate in cheerleading.Data sourcesLiterature review of evidence‐based research articles, epidemiological reports, and current guidelines.ConclusionsCheerleading is one of the most popular sports among adolescent females, and participation has increased rapidly in recent years. Rates of injury have also increased as the difficulty of this activity reaches new heights. Several factors such as body changes during puberty, societal pressures affecting nutrition, and lack of safety regulations place cheerleaders at risk for injury. Sprains/strains are the most common injury, and concussions are the most common traumatic injury. Injuries occur as a result of tumbling, stunting, falling, spotting, and unsafe practice surfaces.Implications for practiceThe role of the NP in injury prevention is to identify risk factors during preparticipation physicals, initiate conditioning and strength training routines, and implement safety measures during practices and competitions. The NP should also provide education and guidance to cheerleaders, parents, and coaches.
Caring for military children in the 21st century
Authors: Johnson Heather L. , Ling Catherine G. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPurposeCivilian healthcare professionals provide approximately 2/3 of the healthcare for the 2 million U.S. military children. The President of the United States has made their care and support a top national security priority. The purpose of this article is to arm NPs with information necessary to care for the 21st century military child by providing current data on military family life, deployments, and the impact on children and their health‐seeking behaviors.Data sourcesLiterature collected from sources identified through searches of PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycInfo covering the periods from 2003 to 2012.ConclusionsMilitary children are both resilient and vulnerable. While frequent moves build resilience, combat deployments increase the risk for abuse, neglect, attachment problems, and inadequate coping. The risk is highest right after the service member leaves for deployment and immediately upon return. Children's reactions to deployment differ by age, gender, and individual temperament. There is an 11% increase in outpatient visits for mental or behavioral health issues during deployment.Implications for practiceHealthcare professionals can support the physical and mental health of children by normalizing expectations and using the I CARE (Identify, Correlate, Ask, Ready Resources, Encourage) strategy to facilitate prevention and encourage early engagement with available resources.
Sweetness and Power – Public Policies and the ‘Biofuels Frenzy’
Authors: Ackrill Robert , Kay Adrian 
Published: December 2012

summarySweetness and Power – Public Policies and the ‘Biofuels Frenzy’In the last decade, there has been a huge policy‐led expansion in biofuels production and consumption. This paper presents some of the findings of a funded research project which has sought to identify the drivers of biofuels policies over this period. It focuses on the EU, US and Brazil which, together, represent about 90 per cent of global biofuels markets. Biofuels policies have three key drivers: as a partial substitute for fossil fuels, to lower greenhouse gas emissions; as a way of improving energy security, by diversifying away from fossil fuels and from the limited number of countries with fossil‐fuel reserves; and as a means of promoting rural development, given the opportunities offered by the production of biofuel feedstocks and their processing into biofuels. One particular challenge for both the EU and US has been to create and sustain a broad coalition of stakeholder interests in support of biofuels and biofuel policies. Both have sought to promote ‘conventional’ biofuels now, whilst trying to aid the development of ‘advanced’ biofuels industries that will address problems with existing technologies. The continued failure to deliver significant quantities of advanced biofuels raises questions for biofuels policymakers going forward, not least dealing with the downsides of conventional biofuels that, so far, have not been mitigated by a successful transition to advanced biofuels.
A short note on seed dispersal by colobines: the case of the proboscis monkey
Authors: MATSUDA Ikki , HIGASHI Seigo , OTANI Yosuke , TUUGA Augustine , BERNARD Henry , CORLETT Richard T. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAlthough the role of primates in seed dispersal is generally well recognized, this is not the case for colobines, which are widely distributed in Asian and African tropical forests. Colobines consume leaves, seeds and fruits, usually unripe. A group of proboscis monkeys (Colobinae, Nasalis larvatus) consisting of 1 alpha‐male, 6 adult females and several immatures, was observed from May 2005 to May 2006. A total of 400 fecal samples from focal group members covering 13 months were examined, with over 3500 h of focal observation data on the group members in a forest along the Menanggul River, Sabah, Malaysia. Intact small seeds were only found in 23 of 71 samples in Nov 2005, 15 of 38 in Dec 2005 and 5 of 21 in Mar 2006. Seeds of Ficus (all <1.5 mm in length) were found in all 3 months and seeds from Antidesma thwaitesianum (all <3 mm) and Nauclea subdita (all <2 mm) only in Nov and Dec, which was consistent with members of the study group consuming fruits of these species mostly at these times. To our knowledge, these are the first records of seeds in the fecal samples of colobines. Even if colobines pass relatively few seeds intact, their high abundance and biomass could make them quantitatively significant in seed dispersal. The potential role of colobines as seed dispersers should be considered by colobine researchers.
Helicobacter pylori free‐living and biofilm modes of growth: behavior in response to different culture media
Authors: Bessa Lucinda J. , Grande Rossella , Iorio Donato DI , Giulio Mara DI , Campli Emanuela DI , Cellini Luigina 
Published: December 2012

The physiological behavior of Helicobacter pylori in different growth conditions was investigated to approach its growth standardization. H. pylori free‐living and biofilm modes of growth were assessed in four different liquid culture media (Brucella broth, brain heart infusion broth and Ham's F‐12 supplemented with 2% fetal calf serum and Ham's F‐12 without serum). Free‐living growth was monitored during 72 h in each medium and characterized for bacterial density, culturability, viability and morphology. The biofilm formation in the same media was evaluated for biomass production, colony forming unit (CFU) counts and microscopic visualization. Afterward, using Ham's F‐12, the effect of amoxicillin and clarithromycin at sub‐ minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub‐MICs) was evaluated on H. pylori biofilm formation and luxS gene expression. Differences in the free‐living growth were observed between the media supplemented with serum and Ham's F‐12 without serum. Biofilm formation was significantly dependent on the growth media used. Ham's F‐12 seems to be a good medium to support both growth phenotypes of H. pylori. Moreover, sub‐MICs of antibiotics increased the biofilm formation and affected the luxS gene expression. Optimizing the growth conditions of H. pylori, especially in the biofilm mode, will be helpful to perform more accurate in‐depth studies that will allow increasing the knowledge about H. pylori biofilm, which should be a target to eradicate resistant infection.