bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transgenic expression of human amphiregulin in mouse skin: inflammatory epidermal hyperplasia and enlarged sebaceous glands
Authors: Li Yong , Stoll Stefan W. , Sekhon Sahil , Talsma Caroline , Camhi Maya I. , Jones Jennifer L. , Lambert Sylviane , Marley Hue , Rittié Laure , Grachtchouk Marina , Fritz Yi , Ward Nicole L. , Elder James T. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractTo explore the role of amphiregulin in inflammatory epidermal hyperplasia, we overexpressed human AREG (hAREG) in FVB/N mice using a bovine K5 promoter. A construct containing AREG coding sequences flanked by 5′ and 3′ untranslated region sequences (AREG‐UTR) led to a >10‐fold increase in hAREG expression compared to an otherwise‐identical construct containing only the coding region (AREG‐CDR). AREG‐UTR mice developed tousled, greasy fur as well as elongated nails and thickened, erythematous tail skin. No such phenotype was evident in AREG‐CDR mice. Histologically, AREG‐UTR mice presented with marked epidermal hyperplasia of tail skin (2.1‐fold increase in epidermal thickness with a 9.5‐fold increase in Ki‐67+ cells) accompanied by significantly increased CD4+ T‐cell infiltration. Dorsal skin of AREG‐UTR mice manifested lesser but still significant increases in epidermal thickness and keratinocyte hyperplasia. AREG‐UTR mice also developed marked and significant sebaceous gland enlargement, with corresponding increases in Ki‐67+ cells. To determine the response of AREG‐UTR animals to a pro‐inflammatory skin challenge, topical imiquimod (IMQ) or vehicle cream was applied to dorsal and tail skin. IMQ increased dorsal skin thickness similarly in both AREG‐UTR and wild type mice (1.7‐ and 2.2‐fold vs vehicle, P < 0.001 each), but had no such effect on tail skin. These results confirm that keratinocyte expression of hAREG elicits inflammatory epidermal hyperplasia, and are consistent with prior reports of tail epidermal hyperplasia and increased sebaceous gland size in mice expressing human epigen.
Discovery of a Partner Affair and Major Depressive Episode in a Probability Sample of Married or Cohabiting Adults
Authors: Whisman Mark A. 
Published: October 2015

Prior research has found that humiliating marital events are associated with depression. Building on this research, the current study investigated the association between one specific humiliating marital event—discovering that one's partner had an affair—and past‐year major depressive episode (MDE) in a probability sample of married or cohabiting men and women who were at high risk for depression based on the criterion that they scored below the midpoint on a measure of marital satisfaction (N = 227). Results indicate that (i) women were more likely than men to report discovering their partner had an affair in the prior 12 months; (ii) discovering a partner affair was associated with a higher prevalence of past‐year MDE and a lower level of marital adjustment; and (iii) the association between discovering a partner affair and MDE remained statistically significant when holding constant demographic variables and marital adjustment. These results support continued investigation into the impact that finding out about an affair has on the mental health of the person discovering a partner affair.
Tissue chemistry and morphology affect root decomposition of perennial bioenergy grasses on sandy soil in a sub‐tropical environment
Authors: Liang Xi , Erickson John E. , Silveira Maria L. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Rowland Diane L. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractSecond‐generation biofuels and bio‐based products derived from lignocellulosic biomass are likely to replace current fuels derived from simple sugars and starch because of greater yield potential and less competition with food production. Besides the high aboveground biomass production, these bioenergy grasses also exhibit extensive root systems. The decomposition of root biomass greatly influences nutrient cycling and microbial activity and subsequent accumulation of carbon (C) in the soil. The objective of this research was thus to characterize root morphological and chemical differences in six perennial grass species in order to better understand root decomposition and belowground C cycling of these bioenergy cropping systems. Giant reed (Arundo donax), elephantgrass (Pennisetum purpureum), energycane (Saccharum spp.), sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), sweetcane (Saccharum arundinaceum), and giant miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus) were established in Fall 2008 in research plots near Gainesville, Florida. Root decomposition rates were measured in situ from root decomposition bags over 12 months along with initial and final root tissue composition. Root potential decomposition rate constant (K) was higher in elephantgrass (3.64 g kg−1 day−1) and sweetcane (2.77 g kg−1 day−1) than in sugarcane (1.62 g kg−1 day−1) and energycane (1.48 g kg−1 day−1). Notably, K was positively related to initial root tissue total C (Total C), total fiber glucose (TFG), total fiber xylose (TFX), and total fiber carbohydrate (TFC) concentrations, but negatively related to total fiber arabinose (TFA) and lignin (TL) concentrations and specific root volume (SRV). Among the six species, elephantgrass exhibited root traits most favorable for fast decomposition: high TFG, high TFX, high TFC, high specific root length (SRL), and a low SRV, whereas giant reed, sugarcane, and energycane exhibited slow decomposition rates and the corresponding root traits. Thus, despite similar aboveground biomass yields in many cases, these species are likely to differentially affect soil C accumulation.
Pediatric Inpatient Headache Therapy: What is Available
Authors: Kabbouche Marielle 
Published: October 2015

Status migrainosus is defined by the international classification of headache disorders (ICHD) criteria as a debilitating migraine lasting more then 72 hours. The epidemiology of status migrainosus is still unknown in adult and children, and frequently underdiagnosed.Children and adolescents often end up in the emergency room with an intractable headache that failed outpatient therapy. Six to seven percent of these children do not respond to acute infusion therapy and require hospitalization.It is imperative that more aggressive therapy is considered when patients are affected by a severe intractable headache to prevent further disability and returning the child to baseline activity.Multiple therapies are available for adults and children. Studies for acute therapy in the emergency room are available in adults and pediatric groups. Small studies are available for inpatient therapy in children and, along with available therapies for children and adolescents, are described in this review. A review of the literature shows growing evidence regarding the use of dihydroergotamine intravenously once patients are hospitalized. Effectiveness and safety have been proven in the last decades in adults and small studies in the pediatric populations.
Depression as a mediator of the relation between family functioning and functional disability in youth with chronic headaches
Authors: Kaczynski Karen , Gambhir Rupa , Caruso Alessandra , Lebel Alyssa 
Published: October 2015

ObjectiveThis retrospective chart review examined a mediation model of parent and family functioning, childhood depression, and functional disability in youth with chronic headaches. Specifically, we evaluated whether depression mediates the relations between protective parenting and functional disability and between family functioning and functional disability.BackgroundChildren and adolescents with chronic and recurrent headache report elevated symptoms of depression. Children with chronic pain conditions, including chronic headaches, have also been found to originate from families with greater conflict, poorer cohesion, and lower organizational structure, and impaired family functioning is associated with greater disability in youth with chronic pain.MethodsThree hundred and eighty‐two patients ages 5‐17 years who underwent a multidisciplinary evaluation at a tertiary pediatric headache clinic were included in this study. Participants completed a pain intensity rating, the Children's Depression Inventory, and the Functional Disability Inventory. A parent completed the Family Relationship Index and the Adult Responses to Children's Symptoms questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used to examine a mediation model and several alternative models.ResultsMediation was not supported, but an alternative model with both direct and indirect pathways provided excellent fit to the data: χ2(1) = 0.745, P = .39; comparative fit index = 1.00, root mean square error of approximation = 0.00 (CI: 0.00–0.17). Family functioning (β = −0.19, P < .01) and protective parenting (β = 0.17, P < .01) were associated with depression, but not disability. Depression was linked to disability (β = 0.24, P < .01). There was an indirect pathway from family functioning to depression to disability (β = −0.05, P < .05).ConclusionsFamily context is an important variable to consider in youth with chronic headaches and disability. While many studies have identified family functioning and depressive symptoms as separately linked to functional impairment, to our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate depression as an intermediary variable between family dysfunction and disability within the pediatric headache population.
Disulfanyl peptide decreases melanin synthesis via receptor‐mediated ERK activation and the subsequent downregulation of MITF and tyrosinase
Authors: Choi H.‐R. , Kang Y.‐A. , Lee H.‐S. , Park K.‐C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectiveBioactive peptides are commonly used in cosmeceutical purpose. This study was performed to search for an effective and short hypopigmenting peptide using normal human melanocytes as a screening model. A peptide that exhibits multitarget activities will be a promising peptide.MethodsDepigmenting effects were tested in normal human melanocytes. One peptide was selected, and signalling mechanism was investigated by Western blotting and immunofluorescent microscopic examination.ResultsA novel hypopigmenting peptide (dSHP) has been found to inhibit the production of melanin. This peptide significantly decreases tyrosinase activity but was not effective in a direct in vitro assay. It also induces the prolonged activation of ERK, and subsequently downregulates the levels of MITF. PD98059 abolished the dSHP‐induced downregulation of MITF. These findings indicate that the dSHP‐induced activation of ERK contributes to a reduced melanin synthesis via the downregulation of MITF. Fluorescent microscopic studies were consistent with such findings. Pertussis toxin reverses the downregulation of MITF, which means that the receptor‐mediated ERK activation is involved. Moreover, it was also found that downregulation of MITF was clearly inhibited by lysosomal inhibitor (chloroquine).ConclusionNovel tetrapeptide dSHP reduces the melanin synthesis by a receptor‐mediated pathway. Furthermore, dSHP works by ERK activation and key transcription factor MITF degradation. Thus, it may be a good candidate as an effective hypopigmenting cosmetic agent.
Calciphylaxis: a case series and the role of radiology in diagnosis
Authors: Bonchak Jonathan G. , Park Kelly K. , Vethanayagamony Talentshia , Sheikh M. Mukarram , Winterfield Laura S. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackgroundCalciphylaxis is a syndrome of vascular calcification most commonly affecting patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis. Because of its high mortality rate, early diagnosis and treatment are necessary. Although diagnosis is usually based on skin biopsy, histopathology is often nonspecific. As the role of imaging in calciphylaxis has not been studied extensively, we examined the utility of radiology in the diagnosis of this disease.MethodsA thorough review of electronic medical records for 2005–2013 at Loyola University Medical Center yielded 10 patients with biopsy‐proven calciphylaxis. Using the radiological picture archiving and communication system (PACS), all imaging studies of the affected body part obtained within 6 months of diagnosis were analyzed and tabulated.ResultsAll 10 patients had undergone imaging (computed tomography, ultrasound, plain radiography, and/or mammography) of the affected anatomy prior to diagnosis by skin biopsy. Nine of these patients were noted to have moderate‐to‐severe soft tissue vascular calcification in the area of skin biopsy.ConclusionsThis case series supports the suggestion that findings of superficial vascular calcifications on imaging studies are sensitive for the diagnosis of calciphylaxis. Used in conjunction with histopathological, clinical, and laboratory data, radiology can serve an important role in the diagnosis of calciphylaxis.
Verrucous presentation in patients with mycosis fungoides
Authors: Schlichte Megan J. , Talpur Rakhshandra , Venkatarajan Sangeetha , Curry Jonathan L. , Nagarajan Priyadharsini , Duvic Madeleine 
Published: October 2015

AbstractMycosis fungoides is a potentially fatal skin condition whose variable clinical appearance may mimic a variety of benign, inflammatory dermatoses, making it a diagnostic challenge. Three patients with mycosis fungoides, treated with multiple approved topical and systemic therapies, presented with acquired verrucous lesions on the extremities. The verrucous presentation of mycosis fungoides is one of the many atypical forms of the disease, with a paucity of documented cases in the medical literature. Although rare, verrucous and hyperkeratotic lesions in mycosis fungoides may increase the risk of considerable diagnostic delay if clinicians do not maintain a high degree of suspicion in cases of acquired verrucous lesions in the appropriate clinical setting.
Psychometric validation of the Psoriasis Symptom Diary using Phase III study data from patients with chronic plaque psoriasis
Authors: Strober Bruce , Zhao Yang , Tran Mary Helen , Gnanasakthy Ari , Nyirady Judit , Papavassilis Charis , Nelson Lauren M. , McLeod Lori D. , Mordin Margaret , Gottlieb Alice B. , Elewski Boni E. , Lebwohl Mark 
Published: October 2015

AbstractObjectivesThis analysis aimed to confirm the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of the Psoriasis Symptom Diary (PSD) using data from two Phase III studies in patients with moderate to severe chronic plaque psoriasis.MethodsData from two randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, placebo‐controlled, multicenter Phase III studies (n = 820) assessing the efficacy and safety of secukinumab were used. The PSD (24‐h recall; 0–10 numeric rating scale) was electronically administered each evening. Test–retest reliability was determined using intraclass correlations. Construct validity hypotheses were evaluated via correlations with the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), EuroQoL 5‐Dimension Health Status Questionnaire, and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC). Discriminating ability and responsiveness were evaluated by estimating mean differences and effect sizes between known groups (using the PASI and IGA). Phase II‐derived, anchor‐based PGIC thresholds and cumulative distribution function (CDF) plots described meaningful change.ResultsItems on the PSD yielded high intraclass coefficients (>0.90). Correlations were in the anticipated direction and by week 12 were moderate to strong (0.41–0.73) in magnitude, demonstrating construct validity. Average PSD item scores differed predictably and significantly between known groups. Responsiveness effect size estimates were moderate to large (0.6–1.5), and CDF plots showed the percentage of responders to be consistently higher in treatment than in placebo arms across the range of change in PSD scores.ConclusionsThe PSD is reliable, valid, and responsive, and represents a valid tool to enhance treatment decisions in patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis.
Smoking and polyphenols’ addition to improve freshwater mullet (Mugil cephalus) fillets’ quality attributes during refrigerated storage
Authors: Bouzgarrou Olfa , El Mzougui Nadia , Sadok Saloua 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe combined effects of hot smoking and added quince polyphenol (0.8% and 1.6% v/w) on the quality attributes of mullet (Mugil cephalus) fillets were evaluated. Biochemical parameters that were monitored in the fillets during 75 days of storage (4 ± 1 °C) included trimethylamine (TMA‐N), volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), fatty acids and amino acids. Data were submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) which revealed that the smoking process combined with polyphenols’ treatment was negatively correlated with TVB‐N, TMA‐N, lipids, indices of lipid quality (index of atherogenicity (IA); index of thrombogenicity (IT)) and storage time. Health concern related to the flesh content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) following hot smoking was also evaluated, and analysis showed that the sum of 4 of the PAHs (chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benz(a)anthracene and BaP) remained far below the maximum limit set by the European Commission. Sensory analysis revealed that the smoked mullet fillet treated with a low dose of polyphenols was a very acceptable new product.
Influence of ethanol/water ratio in ultrasound and high‐pressure/high‐temperature phenolic compound extraction from agri‐food waste
Authors: Paini Marco , Casazza Alessandro A. , Aliakbarian Bahar , Perego Patrizia , Binello Arianna , Cravotto Giancarlo 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe valorisation and management of agri‐food waste are currently hot investigation topics which probe the recovery of valuable compounds, such as polyphenols. In this study, high‐pressure/high‐temperature extraction (HPTE) and ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) have been used to study the recovery of phenolic compounds from grape marc and olive pomace in hydroalcoholic solutions. The main phenolic compounds in both extracts were identified by HPLC‐DAD. Besides extraction yield (total polyphenol and flavonoid content) and the antiradical power, polyphenol degradation under HPTE and UAE has also been studied. HPTE with ethanol 75% gave higher phenolic extraction yields: 73.8 ± 1.4 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dried matter and 60.0 mg of caffeic acid equivalents per gram of dried matter for grape marc and olive pomace, respectively. In this study, the efficient combination of ethanol/water mixture with HPTE or UAE has been used to enhance the recovery of phenolic compounds from grape marc and olive pomace. HPLC‐DAD showed that UAE prevents phenolic species degradation damage because of its milder operative conditions.
Anthocyanin profile of young red wines of Tannat, Syrah and Merlot made using maceration enzymes and cold soak
Authors: González‐Neves Gustavo , Favre Guzmán , Piccardo Diego , Gil Graciela 
Published: October 2015

SummaryAnthocyanins are the main pigments of young red wines. The aim of this work was to evaluate the anthocyanin composition of red wines produced by alternative procedures of winemaking and different grape varieties. For this purpose, wines of Tannat, Syrah and Merlot were made by traditional maceration (TM), addition of maceration enzymes (ENZ) and cold soak (CS). Syrah wines had the highest proportions of malvidin (86.0 ± 1.0) and peonidin (5.5 ± 0.4), while Tannat wines had the highest of delphinidin (6.9 ± 0.8), petunidin (13.2 ± 0.6) and nonacylated glucosides (73.6 ± 0.6). Cold soak increased the anthocyanins contents in Tannat and Merlot wines. In turn, maceration enzymes affect the anthocyanin profile and the stability of the colour of wines. Discriminant analysis of data showed significant separation of the wines of each variety as the anthocyanin profile showed the varietal fingerprint, despite the different winemaking procedures.
Effect of relative humidity and light conditions on the oxidative stability of sunflower oil blends stabilised with synthetic and natural antioxidants
Authors: Upadhyay Rohit , Mishra Hari Niwas 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThe effect of relative humidity (RH) and light conditions on the oxidative stability of sunflower oil (SO) stabilised with oleoresin rosemary + ascorbyl palmitate (SOR), sage + ascorbyl palmitate (SOS) and tertiary butyl hydroquinone (SOT) was investigated. The SO without additive (SOC) served as positive control. Oil samples were subjected to 3 RH (29%, 52% and 75%) and two light conditions (dark, D and fluorescent light (600 lx), L) at 60 °C for 7 days. The oxidative stability was monitored by peroxide value (PV), conjugated diene value (CDV), free fatty acids (FFAs) and Rancimat induction period (IP). A direct relationship was noted between RH and increase in PV, CDV and FFA levels irrespective of light conditions. The detrimental effect of light on the oxidative stability was prominently noted at higher RH (75%) which followed an order: SOC > SOT > SOR > SOS. The samples stored under lower RH (29% and 52%), and dark conditions were better stabilised than light‐exposed counterparts.
Optimising clarification of carrot juice by bacterial crude pectinase
Authors: Uzuner Sibel , Cekmecelioglu Deniz 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThis study was undertaken to search for potential use of crude bacterial pectinase enzyme produced from Bacillus subtilis grown on hazelnut shell hydrolysate in clarification of carrot juice and to optimize the enzyme load, pH and time using the Box–Behnken response surface methodology (RSM). The carrot juice was treated with the crude pectinase enzyme (5.60 U mL−1) at different concentrations (0.1–0.5%), pH (4–7), and time (2–6 h). The obtained enzyme was also compared with commercial fungal pectinase at identical conditions. RSM provided optimal clarification conditions of 0.5% (w/v) enzyme load, 7.0 pH, and 6 h of time estimating 100% clarity, whose experimental counterpart was 94.47 ± 0.01%. High values of coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9631), predicted R2 (0.8989) and insignificant lack‐of‐fit (0.12) also showed that the model was successful in predicting % clarity for various combinations. This study also indicated that crude bacterial pectinase providing about 95% clarity is superior to commercial fungal pectinase, which gave 78% clarity under tested conditions, in terms of clarification ability for carrot juice.
Development of a rapid and highly sensitive determination of triacylglycerol in lipids fraction of foodstuffs
Authors: Tsuzuki Wakako 
Published: October 2015

SummaryThis study describes the development of a fast and accurate method to determine the triacylglycerols (TAGs) content in lipids fraction. It comprises a solid phase chromatographic separation and a use of a commercially available kit followed by spectrophotometric determination. Evaluations of TAGs contents in heated edible oils (canola oil and sesame oil) by the new methods were good agreements with those by the conventional open column method. Furthermore, this method was applied to estimate TAGs contents in the lipids from rice grains with different polishing levels.