bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti-JC virus antibody titres increase over time with natalizumab treatment
Authors: Raffel J , Gafson AR , Malik O , Nicholas R 
Published: October 2015

Background: Anti-JC virus antibody status is a risk factor for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after natalizumab treatment in multiple sclerosis. Previous studies have used a cross-sectional approach to conclude that the presence and duration of natalizumab treatment does not influence anti-JCV Ab seropositivity. Objectives: Using a longitudinal approach, we measured change in anti-JCV Ab results after natalizumab treatment. Methods: Anti-JCV Ab results ( n = 1154) from the second-generation STRATIFY JCV™ DxSelect™ test were analysed from an observational cohort of MS patients on natalizumab ( n = 485; n = 340 with repeat testing; n = 657 repeat tests on natalizumab). Results: Across sequential paired tests, seroconversion rate was greater than seroreversion rate (40/364 (11.0%) versus 18/293 (6.1%); p < 0.05). Moreover, anti-JCV Ab index increased across longitudinal paired tests ( mA–B 0.102; paired t(656) = 5.0; p < 0.0001). This magnitude of Ab level increase far exceeds that expected due to increasing age alone. Conclusion: Our data suggest that natalizumab therapy is associated with a significant and substantial increase in anti-JCV Ab index over time. Further work should focus on the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon, and the clinical relevance to risk stratification.
Selective increase in monocyte p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Jialal Ishwarlal , Adams-Huet Beverley , Pahwa Roma 
Published: October 2015

Objective: Metabolic syndrome is a common disorder that predisposes to both cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There is paucity of data on cellular signal transduction pathways in metabolic syndrome. This study determined monocyte mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in patients with metabolic syndrome. Research design and methods: The p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 and Jun N-terminal kinase–mitogen-activated protein kinase activities were assayed in isolated monocytes from patients with metabolic syndrome and controls ( n = 36 per group) and correlated with features of metabolic syndrome, inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers. Results: A significant increase in p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity was observed in metabolic syndrome even following adjustment for adiposity. There were no significant differences in extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 and Jun N-terminal kinase activities. P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity correlated significantly with homeostasis model assessment–estimated insulin resistance and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusions: We are first to observe a selective increase in monocyte p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity in metabolic syndrome and suggest it as a pivotal molecular target for ameliorating insulin resistance and inflammation.
Collective Representation as a Mobilizer: Race/Ethnicity, Gender, and Their Intersections at the State Level
Authors: Uhlaner Carole Jean , Scola Becki 
Published: October 2015

AbstractPrior research has found that descriptive representation by race, ethnicity, or gender increases political action, but it has paid less attention to how the intersection of these identities influences participation. We extend this literature by assessing the effects on voter turnout of collective descriptive representation in U.S. state legislatures on the basis of race, ethnicity, gender, and their intersections. We argue that members of historically excluded groups respond to the overall composition of their state's legislature. We test this proposition in seven elections (2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2012). Our results are consistent with the minority empowerment literature, as overall collective representation does substantially increase turnout among previously excluded groups. However, the impact varies intersectionally. For white women, gender trumps race, as higher collective gender representation, regardless of race or ethnicity, increases voter turnout. For African Americans, race trumps gender, as both black men and women respond most consistently to higher levels of collective racial representation. For Latinos, we find less consistent results, but note a collective ethnic turnout effect for 2002 and 2006. We conclude that collective representation, especially at the intersection of identities, is an important factor influencing levels of turnout among previously excluded groups.
Steam-deformed Judkins-left guiding catheter with use of the GuideLiner® catheter to deliver stents for anomalous right coronary artery
Authors: Kuno Toshiki , Fujisawa Taishi , Yamazaki Hiroyuki , Motoda Hiroyuki , Kodaira Masaki , Numasawa Yohei 
Published: October 2015

Objective: Percutaneous coronary intervention for anomalous right coronary artery (RCA) originating from the left coronary cusp is challenging because of our current inability to coaxially engage the guiding catheter. Methods: We report a case of an 88-year-old woman with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, with an anomalous RCA origin. Using either the Judkins-Left catheter or Amplatz-Left catheter was difficult because of RCA ostium tortuosity. Thus, we used steam to deform the Judkins-Left catheter, but back-up support was insufficient to deliver the stent. Results: We used GuideLiner®, a novel pediatric catheter with rapid exchange/monorail systems, to enhance back-up support. Conclusions: We were able to successfully stent with both the deformed Judkins-Left guiding catheter and GuideLiner® for an anomalous RCA origin.
Knowledge of Driving Vehicle Licensing Agency guidelines among NHS doctors: a multicentre observational study
Authors: Ng Ka Y Bonnie , Garnham Jack , Syed Usama M , Green Ben L , Watson Robert , Gollop Nicholas D , Shalhoub Joseph , Maruthappu Mahiben 
Published: October 2015

Objectives Over half of the UK population holds a driver's licence. The DVLA have produced guidelines to ensure drivers with medical conditions drive safely. Doctors should ensure that patients are given appropriate information and advice if they have a medical condition affecting their driving. We sought to evaluate doctors' knowledge of DVLA guidelines. Design A 25-point questionnaire was designed from DVLA guidelines (‘The DVLA Questionnaire’). Five questions were included for each of neurology, cardiology, drug and alcohol abuse, visual, and respiratory disorders. Setting Ealing Hospital, Northwick Park Hospital, Watford General Hospital, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital and Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust. Participants 140 UK doctors. Main outcome measures Questionnaire scores assessing knowledge of DVLA guidelines in five specialty areas. Results The median overall questionnaire score was 28%, interquartile range 20–36% and range 0–100% [Watford 28%, Leeds 30%, Norfolk and Norwich 36%, Ealing 30%, Northwick Park 28%]. There were no significant differences between the scores for each centre ( p = 0.1332), Mean scores for specialty areas were: neurology 33.1%, standard deviation 22.1; cardiology 35.6%, standard deviation 26.9; drug and alcohol abuse 30.6%, standard deviation 23.8; visual disorders 33.9%, standard deviation 23.5 and respiratory disorders 20.3%, standard deviation 24.8; overall score 30.7%. There was no significant difference between the scores of the specialty areas ( p = 0.4060). Conclusions Knowledge of DVLA guidelines in our cohort was low. There is a need for increased awareness among hospital doctors through focused education on driving restrictions for common medical conditions. Improving physician knowledge in this area may help optimise patient safety.
Initial experience of SPECT/CT in the diagnosis of occult scaphoid fracture
Authors: de Zwart Andele D , Beeres Frank JP , Rietbergen Daphne DD , Krijnen Pieta , Schipper Inger B 
Published: October 2015

Background *Equal contributors. Planar bone scintigraphy (PBS) is often advocated for diagnosing occult scaphoid fractures. PBS is a sensitive diagnostic modality, but lacks specificity, which may result in over-diagnosis. Purpose To examine, in a pilot study, the potential additional value of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) combined with low dose computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of an occult scaphoid fracture. Material and Methods Ten patients that underwent combined PBS and SPECT/CT for a clinically suspected scaphoid fracture, where radiographs could not detect a fracture, were included in this pilot study. The PBS and SPECT/CT results were independently and separately evaluated by a nuclear physician for scaphoid fractures and other injuries. Results PBS was positive for a scaphoid fracture in four patients and diagnosed three other fractures. SPECT/CT showed five scaphoid fractures and one other fracture. SPECT/CT – PBS had discrepant results in three patients. In two patients PBS diagnosed a trapezoid fracture where SPECT/CT showed a scaphoid fracture. The other patient was diagnosed with a scaphoid fracture on PBS, whereas SPECT/CT showed bone bruise of other carpal bones. Conclusion SPECT/CT has the potential to be more accurate than PBS as it uses anatomical information of the CT to discriminate between the scaphoid, other carpal bones, and bone bruises. Larger studies with an independent reference standard are needed for confirmation of these preliminary data.
Image rejects in general direct digital radiography
Authors: Hofmann Bjørn , Rosanowsky Tine Blomberg , Jensen Camilla , Wah Kenneth Hong Ching 
Published: October 2015

Background The number of rejected images is an indicator of image quality and unnecessary imaging at a radiology department. Image reject analysis was frequent in the film era, but comparably few and small studies have been published after converting to digital radiography. One reason may be a belief that rejects have been eliminated with digitalization. Purpose To measure the extension of deleted images in direct digital radiography (DR), in order to assess the rates of rejects and unnecessary imaging and to analyze reasons for deletions, in order to improve the radiological services. Material and Methods All exposed images at two direct digital laboratories at a hospital in Norway were reviewed in January 2014. Type of examination, number of exposed images, and number of deleted images were registered. Each deleted image was analyzed separately and the reason for deleting the image was recorded. Results Out of 5417 exposed images, 596 were deleted, giving a deletion rate of 11%. A total of 51.3% were deleted due to positioning errors and 31.0% due to error in centering. The examinations with the highest percentage of deleted images were the knee, hip, and ankle, 20.6%, 18.5%, and 13.8% respectively. Conclusion The reject rate is at least as high as the deletion rate and is comparable with previous film-based imaging systems. The reasons for rejection are quite different in digital systems. This falsifies the hypothesis that digitalization would eliminates rejects. A deleted image does not contribute to diagnostics, and therefore is an unnecessary image. Hence, the high rates of deleted images have implications for management, training, education, as well as for quality.
Dapagliflozin as an adjunct therapy to insulin in the treatment of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tamez Hector E. , Tamez Alejandra L. , Garza Lucas A. , Hernandez Mayra I. , Polanco Ana C. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractWe have evaluated the efficacy of dapagliflozin in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) without adequate control. We expected that adding dapagliflozin to this population on top of their base treatment would lower their HbA1c levels.We conducted a pragmatic, open, 24-week study of treatment with 10 mg of oral dapagliflozin in patients with DM1 and chronic hyperglycemia. We evaluated glycemic control, lipid profile, weight, and insulin dose. Safety was assessed by adverse event reporting.Fasting glucose levels decreased from 176.42 ± 45.33 mg/dL to 139.67 ± 44.42 mg/dL (p = 0.05); although no significant valued was reached, postprandial glucose showed a decreased tendency from 230.25 ± 52.06 mg/dL to 193.83 ± 45.43 mg/dL (p = 0.08). The hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) level decreased from 9.18 ± 1.02 (77 ± 11.1 mmol/mol) to 8.05 ± 1.09 % (64 ± 11.9 mmol/mol) (p = 0.0156); total cholesterol decreased from 299 ± 12 to 199 ± 7 mg/dL (p = 0.02); triglycerides decreased from 184 ± 15 to 160 ± 11 mg/dL (p = 0.0002), HDL-C decreased from 40 ± 17 to 42 ± 9 mg/dL (p = 0.54); and LDL-C decreased from 187 ± 19 to 170 ± 21 mg/dL (p = 0.049). No adverse events were reported.The beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on metabolic control and their safety after a 24-week open study demonstrate their potential indication as an adjunctive treatment with insulin in patients with DM1; however, long-term clinical trials should be considered.
Role played by theSP4gene in schizophrenia and major depressive disorder in the Han Chinese population
Authors: Chen Jianhua , He Kuanjun , Wang Qingzhong , Li Zhiqiang , Shen Jiawei , Li Tao , Wang Meng , Wen Zujia , Li Wenjin , Qiang Yu , Wang Ti , Ji Jue , Wu Na , Wang Zhiqiao , Zhang Bo , Feng Guoyin , He Lin , Xu Yifeng , Shi Yongyong 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundPsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD) are likely to be caused by multiple susceptibility genes, each with small effects in increasing the risk of illness. Identifying DNA variants associated with schizophrenia and MDD is a crucial step in understanding the pathophysiology of these disorders.AimsTo investigate whether theSP4gene plays a significant role in schizophrenia or MDD in the Han Chinese population.MethodWe focused on nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) harbouring theSP4gene and carried out case–control studies in 1235 patients with schizophrenia, 1045 patients with MDD and 1235 healthy controls recruited from the Han Chinese population.ResultsWe found that rs40245 was significantly associated with schizophrenia in both allele and genotype distributions (Pallele= 0.0005,Pallele= 0.004 after Bonferroni correction;Pgenotype= 0.0023,Pgenotype= 0.0184 after Bonferroni correction). The rs6461563 SNP was significantly associated with schizophrenia in the allele distributions (Pallele= 0.0033,Pallele= 0.0264 after Bonferroni correction).ConclusionsOur results suggest that common risk factors in theSP4gene are associated with schizophrenia, although not with MDD, in the Han Chinese population.
Psychometric evaluation of the Questionnaire about the Process
of Recovery (QPR)
Authors: Williams Julie , Leamy Mary , Pesola Francesca , Bird Victoria , Boutillier Clair Le , Slade Mike 
Published: October 2015

BackgroundSupporting recovery is the aim of national mental health policy in many
countries. However, only one measure of recovery has been developed in
England: the Questionnaire about the Process of Recovery (QPR), which
measures recovery from the perspective of adult mental health service
users with a psychosis diagnosis.AimsTo independently evaluate the psychometric properties of the 15- and
22-item versions of the QPR.MethodTwo samples were used: data-set 1 (n = 88) involved
assessment of the QPR at baseline, 2 weeks and 3 months. Data-set 2
(n = 399; trial registration: ISRCTN02507940)
involved assessment of the QPR at baseline and 1 year.ResultsFor the 15-item version, internal consistency was 0.89, convergent
validity was 0.73, test–retest reliability was 0.74 and sensitivity to
change was 0.40. Confirmatory factor analysis showed the 15-item version
offered a good fit. For the 22-item version, the interpersonal subscale
was found to underperform and the intrapersonal subscale overlaps
substantially with the 15-item version.ConclusionsBoth the 15-item and the intrapersonal subscale of the 22-item versions
of the QPR demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties. The 15-item
version is slightly more robust and also less burdensome, so it can be
recommended for use in research and clinical practice.
Postoperative Anemia Is Associated with Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Total Hip Replacement Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Choi Yoon Ji , Kim Seon-Ok , Sim Ji Hoon , Hahm Kyung-Don 
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND:
Chronic and acute anemia are both correlated with an increased risk of injury to major organs, such as the brain, heart, and kidney. We evaluated the association between postoperative anemia (hemoglobin [Hb] < 10 g/dL) and acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients undergoing total hip replacement arthroplasty (THRA).

METHODS:
Patients who underwent THRA between January 2005 and February 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. We divided patients into 2 groups: Hb < 10 (n = 938) and Hb ≥ 10 (n = 1529). They were then categorized according to changes in plasma creatinine concentration within 48 hours of THRA using Acute Kidney Injury Network criteria. To evaluate the association between postoperative anemia and postoperative AKI, an inverse-probability-of-treatment weighted method was used and both univariate and multivariable analyses were performed.

RESULTS:
Postoperative anemia was significantly associated with postoperative AKI (multivariate odds ratio, 2.036; 95% confidence interval, 1.369–3.028; P < 0.001; inverse probability-of-treatment weighted odds ratio, 1.817; 95% confidence interval, 1.169–2.826; P = 0.011). In patients with a normal glomerular filtration rate, postoperative AKI was also related to postoperative anemia (P = 0.010).

CONCLUSIONS:
Postoperative anemia was associated with postoperative AKI after THRA. Although our study was limited by its retrospective design, our observation suggests that postoperative anemia may play a role in postoperative AKI.
Framing Glenn Greenwald: Hegemony and the NSA/GCHQ surveillance scandal in a news interview
Authors: Salter Lee 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
This article investigates the methods of hegemonic framing of the NSA/GCHQ surveillance scandal in a television interview of the journalist Glenn Greenwald on the flagship BBC Television news magazine Newsnight. Having uncovered the greatest mass surveillance project in human history, much of the mainstream media and indeed many academic studies have focused on the debates over the ethics and responsibilities of the journalists and news organizations involved. This research investigates how a television news interviewer inflects the story and directs attention to a series of ‘public concerns’, articulated primarily by those who caused the scandal and mediated through the journalistic voice. The main focus for this article is how a television news interviewer fails to articulate a set of concerns, instead being led by the newspaper mediation of those in authority.
Angustia (Bigas Luna, 1987)o Los rostros sin ojos
Authors: Seguin Jean Claude 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
The cinema of Bigas Luna tends to resist the notion of ‘genre film’. With the exception of his first feature Tatuaje/Tattoo (1978), which clearly fits the ‘police crime’ genre, his films are often quite hybrid. However, the director seems to have a clear and sustained interest in a central figure of the horror genre: the psychopath. Noticeably present in Bilbao (1978) and Angustia/Anguish (1987), more subtle examples can be found also in Caniche/Poodle (1979) or Reborn (1981). Out of all these films, Angustia stands out as the Bigas Luna film that most clearly fits the horror genre. Here he uses classic conventions that go back to Buñuel’s Un chien andalou (1929) to reflect not only on alterity but also on cinema itself as a construct where ‘reality’, ‘fiction’ and ‘meta-fiction’ are all at play. Angustia can be singled out not only as a paradigmatic example of the horror genre, but also as a very modern film.
After-images and imagination: Image and nation in Bigas Luna’s Volavérunt
Authors: Martínez-Expósito Alfredo 
Published: October 2015

Abstract
Bigas Luna’s critique of national stereotypes is by no means confined to his celebrated Iberian Trilogy. His on-screen exploration of such images can be viewed as the result of his earlier investigations on the nature of visual representation and the cinematic image. These investigations culminated in Bigas Luna’s most elaborate proposition on the scopic nature of the cinematic image, the horror film Angustia/ Anguish (1987), which he completed during his US sojourn. In the period thriller Volavérunt (1999), against the backdrop of an eighteenth-century political plot involving painter Francisco de Goya, high nobility and members of government, Bigas Luna put forward a broad array of propositions about image formation – from the pictorial to the cinematic and from the iconographic to the symbolic. Joan Ramon Resina’s notion of the ‘after-image’, which invokes the capacity of the visual image to reverberate in the mind after its retinal impact has ceased (hence fostering the creation of mental images, as anticipated by Paul Virilio and Gilles Deleuze), points to a cluster of theoretical possibilities based on the image’s temporal displacement, sequentiality, supersession and engagement. This article makes use of this notion to explore Bigas Luna’s meditation on the nature of images, and on the creation of complex images of the nation, in Volavérunt.
Em viagem - experiência, conhecimento na arquitectura portuguesa do século XX.
Authors: Gonçalves José Fernando 
Published: October 2015

Resumo A viagem de arquitectura marcou o pensamento e produção arquitectónica da modernidade, quer porque a experiência da viagem revelou que o conhecimento em arquitectura incorpora necessariamente uma aproximação sensorial ao espaço construído, quer porque no trânsito das ideias e culturas que esta proporciona, a história se redescobriu como uma ferramenta de projecto que propõe uma metodologia geradora de novas sínteses: ao desenhar, o arquitecto moderno questiona as formas do passado diferentemente, porque as vê com o pensamento e interpreta com a necessidade. Este texto tenta traçar esse percurso na cultura arquitectónica portuguesa do século XX. Summary The journey of architecture has left traces in architectural thought and production of modernity, both because the travel experience has shown that knowledge in architecture necessarily incorporates a sensory approach to the built environment, and because in the transit of ideas and cultures that it provides, history has been rediscovered as a design tool that enables a new methodology for generating new synthesis: while drawing, the modern architect questions the forms of the past differently, because he sees them with the thought and interprets them as needed. This paper attempts to trace this route in Portuguese architectural culture of the twentieth century.