bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) status with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) pneumonitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Authors: Li Molly SC , Cheung Alvin HK , Mui Zeta , Chow Chit , Lau Yat Ming , Wong Kit Yee , Kang Wei , To Ka Fai , Mok Tony S. K. 
Published: June 2024

8620 Background: Pneumonitis is a potentially serious complication occurring in 5-20% of lung cancer patients receiving ICI. The genetic risk factors for ICI pneumonitis are unclear. Given the association between HLA genetic variants and autoimmune diseases, we hypothesized that certain HLA genetic variants are associated with risk of ICI pneumonitis. Methods: Patients with advanced EGFR/ ALK wild type, PD-L1 tumor proportion score ≥50% NSCLC who received ICI were enrolled from year 2019 to 2022. Germline HLA typing was performed on buccal swab specimens using the Alltype Fastplex assay. Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment courses and survival outcomes were retrospectively collated. The primary endpoint was the correlation of common HLA variants (present in >30% of subjects) to the risk of ICI pneumonitis. Results: 42 patients (all Chinese, 36 male, 33 current/former smokers) were enrolled. Median age was 71 years old (range 51-91). 34, 6, 1 and 1 patients had adenocarcinoma, NSCLC not otherwise specified, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma respectively. Majority (33/42, 79%) received pembrolizumab monotherapy while 9 (21%) patients received pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy. Median follow up time was 27.8 months. At data cutoff, 28 (67%) patients received ICI for more than 1 year and 10 (24%) patients stopped ICI after completion of 2-year course of treatment. Seven (17%) patients developed pneumonitis, of which 3 were grade 2 and 4 were grade 3 in severity. Median time to development of pneumonitis was 6.9 months (range 0.3-25.2). Demographic characteristics were similar between patients who did or did not experience pneumonitis. In the entire cohort, twenty-two (52%) patients harbored the class II DPB1*02 allele. This allele was significantly associated with development of ICI pneumonitis. All 7 patients who had ICI pneumonitis harbored the DPB1*02 allele. The incidence of pneumonitis in patients harboring the DPB1*02 allele was 32% compared to 0% in those without this allele (p=0.009). Patients who experienced pneumonitis had worse survival rates than those without (p=0.03), but expression of DPB1*02 allele was not associated with inferior survival outcomes. Conclusions: Our results suggested that expression of DPB1*02 allele may be associated with development of ICI pneumonitis. A larger case-control study is ongoing to validate this association. [Table: see text]
Clinical impact of the rapid genomic screening platform for non-small cell lung cancer in Asia-Pacific (LC-SCRUM-AP).
Authors: Umemura Shigeki , Kuo Chih-Hsi , Sriuranpong Virote , Thiagarajan Muthukkumaran , Akewanlop Charuwan , Murata Yuri , Shibata Yuji , Prae Methaneethorn , Ikeda Tatsuya , Egami Kaori , Chase Genevieve , Svedman Christer , Seto Takashi , Izumi Hiroki , Matsumoto Shingo , Goto Koichi 
Published: June 2024

8637 Background: In 2013, a lung cancer genomic screening project (LC-SCRUM-Asia) started in Japan and expanded to other Asia-Pacific countries in October 2022 (LC-SCRUM-AP). The objective of this study is to clarify the characteristics of genomic profile in Asia-Pacific countries outside of Japan and to elucidate the clinical significance of rapid genomic screening. Methods: To shorten the turnaround time (TAT), a central laboratory was set in each participating country. Samples are analyzed by a multi-gene PCR assay and a rapid next-generation sequencing assay. Clinical, pathological and genomic data are stocked as a clinical-genomic database in each participating country, which is combined with Japanese database and the integrated clinical-genomic database of the Asia-Pacific region was established. Results: A multi-gene PCR assay data was available in 7879 samples from 4 Asia-Pacific countries (Taiwan/Thailand/Malaysia/Japan = 126/65/30/7658 pts). The rates of driver alterations in never-smokers with non-squamous histology were similar in the 4 Asia-Pacific countries: 83%, 80%, 89% and 75% in Taiwan, Thailand, Malaysia, and Japan, respectively. The pattern of genomic profile was also similar among these 4 countries. The median TAT was 4 days and 5 days in Japanese cohort and Taiwan/Thailand/Malaysia cohort, respectively. In Taiwan/Thailand/Malaysia cohort (n = 221), the genomic analysis successful rate was 99.5%. The rates of genomic alterations detected: EGFR (35%) of which ex20ins (6%), KRAS (10%) of which G12C (4%), ALK fusions (6%), ROS1 fusions (4%), RETfusions (0.5%), HER2ex20ins (4%), MET ex14skip (3%), BRAF V600E (1.5%), and NTRK3 fusions (0.5%). Oncogenic driver alterations were detected in 149 pts, of which 102 (68%) pts received targeted therapies approved in each country. 14 patients were enrolled into clinical trials of the investigational drugs, of which 5 were for targeting rare driver alterations. Conclusions: LC-SCRUM-AP is the first international genomic screening platform established in the Asia-Pacific region, which enables the efficient detection of rare driver alterations with a short TAT, contributing to the high implementation rate of targeted therapies. The similar pattern of genomic profile in the 4 Asia-Pacific countries indicates the utility of this screening platform as the basis for the clinical trials for NSCLC with rare driver alterations. We plan to further expand the number of institutions and participating countries.
Implementing a research methods curriculum for first year hematology oncology fellows.
Authors: Sharafeldin Noha , May Jori E. , Williams Grant Richard , Abuali Inas 
Published: June 2024

9034 Background: The Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Program at the University of Alabama at Birmingham is an ACGME accredited, three-year academic training program. Fellows are expected to participate in at least one mentored research project during their second and third years of training. The program, however, did not provide formal training in research methods. Here, we provide the results of implementing a research methods curriculum for first year fellows to fulfill that educational need and to facilitate engagement in research projects throughout their fellowship training. Methods: We developed a structured curriculum composed of 10 didactic sessions covering the fundamental concepts of epidemiology and biostatistics. Based on the core competencies of research methods, learning objectives integrated concepts of 1) study design; 2) identifying bias and confounding; 3) exploratory data analysis, statistical inference, hypothesis testing; and results interpretation; and 4) critical appraisal of research evidence. The course was designed to promote self-directed learning and build on individual experiences and interests. One-on-one meetings between curriculum faculty and fellows facilitated identification of fellow research interests and pairing with mentors with aligned expertise. The didactic sessions were evaluated using a 21 question pre- and post- knowledge assessment. Fellows also self-rated on a 10-point scale their level of confidence performing research related activities. Following the course, fellows were expected to complete at least i) one research project, present it at a scientific meeting and submit for publication in peer-reviewed journal; and/or ii) one research proposal grant application. Results: To date, 13 first-year fellows across three cohorts have participated in the course, two of which have been completed, and the third will conclude in March 2024. Complete pre- and post- assessment scores were available for 8 fellows. Mean score difference was statistically significant comparing pre- to post- knowledge scores (3.79 points (SD= 4.43), paired t-test p-value=0.02). Self- ratings improved across all components on average from 3.7 pre- to 6.5 post-course (p<0.001). The largest change in self-ratings were in understanding study design concepts, basic principles of research and critical appraisal, followed by interpreting statistical outputs. All fellows are leading at least one mentored research project and 7 out of 8 fellows have presented abstracts at national meetings including the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society of Hematology. Conclusions: Implementing a dedicated research methods curriculum to clinical fellows is feasible, and improved learner knowledge, skills, and engagement in research activities. Research methods principles can be effectively incorporated into the first year of clinical fellowship training.
Predictive factors for academic oncology career placement.
Authors: Wei John X. , Yan John , Beltran Santiago , Castellucci Enrico 
Published: June 2024

9039 Background: Oncology is a discipline that has witnessed rapid expansion with new therapeutics and practices. Following this trend, training programs are increasingly valuing the cultivation of academic oncologists who will contribute to these developments through research. This study aims to explore characteristics of fellowship programs in the US promoting academic careers in oncology (initial academic position). Methods: A sampling of graduated fellow profiles available on the public websites of US hematology-oncology programs was conducted. To minimize over-representation from programs, even sampling of all available graduated fellows by year was done with a maximum of 10 per program. Characteristics including demographics, educational background, google scholar publication count during fellowship (divided into quartiles), program characteristics, and initial job (academics vs private practice) were collected. Academics was defined as working for an institution associated with a medical school. Logistic regression modeling was utilized to identify characteristics associated with higher odds of initial academic placement. Results: Between 2007 and 2023, 564 graduated fellows were identified, making up 39% of programs, with a majority favoring more recent years. Fellows graduating from NCI cancer center-associated programs and those of academic programs had significantly higher odds of obtaining an initial academic position (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.08-2.38, p <0.05; OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.22-4.30, p <0.05). The strongest association was noted with scholarly productivity. Fellows of the highest quartile of productivity during their fellowship years (OR 9.70, 4.94-19.80, p <0.001) had the highest odds of obtaining an initial academic position. Characteristics without significant association included type of medical school (US vs IMG) and gender. Conclusions: Our data shows several characteristics associated with higher odds of initial academic placement, but most prominently, fellows of the highest quartile of research productivity were more than nine times likely than those of the lowest quartile of research productivity to obtain an academic position after fellowship. Our study is limited by its observational nature, but the magnitude and significance of association is worth investigating further and can shed light on the value of fellowship academic initiatives to foster research development. Select variables of a logistic regression model examining characteristics associated with obtaining an initial academic position after fellowship. Gender and Medical School status not included. [Table: see text]
Cracking the code: Can bibliometric attributes predict NIH R01 grant funding outcomes in gastrointestinal oncology? Exploring patterns from a five-year analysis.
Authors: Khan Sara Ahmed , Eshaghi Faraz , Rehman Mohammed Z , Kotwal Serena , Salama Amy , Khan Kainat , Farooq Muhammad Zain , Kumar Kapisthalam 
Published: June 2024

9051 Background: The allocation of National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 grants holds paramount importance for principal investigators in the field of scientific research. In this study, we explore the relationship between bibliometric attributes of principal investigators- specifically H-index, citations, publications, and seniority with the amount of NIH grant funding for R01 grants under gastrointestinal oncology from the fiscal years of 2018 to 2022. Understanding these interrelationships is crucial for researchers aiming to enhance their profiles to secure higher funding amounts from the NIH. Methods: The data was retrieved from the NIH RePORTER (Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools Expenditure) using gastrointestinal oncology-related search terms from 2018-2022. The number of citations, publications, H-index, and seniority were obtained from Scopus. The bibliometric attributes of principal investigators were correlated with NIH grant funding amounts. Multiple regression analysis was employed to quantify the predictive power. Additionally, t-tests were performed to examine the significant differences in grant funding between high and low h-index groups. Results: A total of 1652 principal investigators who were awarded a gastrointestinal oncology related R01 grant were included in this study. The H-index consistently showcases a positive correlation with the amount of grant funding, reaching statistical significance in 2020 (H-index coefficient=1510.49, p value=0.07). Concurrently, t-tests emphasize the importance of H-index, illustrating that PI’s with high H-indexes (H-index >42) secure significantly higher funding (average grant=$423,806, p=0.006 compared to those in the lower H-index group (average grant=$420,306, p=0.004). Conversely, citations showcased mixed results, with 2020 revealing a significant negative correlation (coefficient: -1.63, p= 0.04). Publications displayed a strong positive effect in 2021 (coefficient: 231.68, p value=0.10). Seniority exhibited varying impacts across years, notably a significant negative relationship in 2018 (coefficient: -3013.9, p=0.025). Conclusions: This study illuminates the complex interplay between PI’s bibliometric attributes and NIH grant funding outcomes. Notably, high h-index values consistently correlate with a higher funding amount for NIH grants. Although these insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the factors influencing NIH grants, further analysis should investigate additional variables that may significantly impact NIH grant funding.
AI in oncology: Resident perspectives by gender and tech literacy.
Authors: Malucelli Favorito Fernanda , Collie Laura , Kennedy Thomas , Nabhen Jacqueline J. , Safavi Amir , Cerri Giovanni G , Ynoe de Moraes Fabio 
Published: June 2024

9055 Background: The integration of AI and ML in oncology demands that physicians adapt and grasp the basics for responsible use. We evaluated AI knowledge and perspectives among Canadian oncology residents, noting differences by program, gender, and tech literacy, and pinpointing education gaps. Methods: An ethics-approved survey collected anonymous responses from Canadian oncology residents, analyzing gender, program, and tech skills. Descriptive statistics, cross-tabs, and chi-square tests assessed associations; t-tests and Mann-Whitney tests compared groups. Results: A total of 57 (31%) residents and fellows, out of an estimated 182, participated, with representation from each oncology training program in Canada. Most of participants were male (63.2%) and most participants self-identified as white (42.1%) or Asian (22.8%). RO programs were better represented than MO programs (68.5% vs 31.6%) with balanced representation across all years of training. In our survey, women equally favored Medical Oncology (MO) and Radiation Oncology (RO) at 50%, but were more in MO (55.6%) than RO (26.3%). Men preferred RO (77.8%) over MO (22.2%). Tech literacy showed a gender gap, with more men (91.7%) feeling tech-savvy than women (8.3%). Tech-savvy respondents leaned towards RO (84%) and were younger (30 vs 33 years). They also showed more willingness to use AI, with a significant difference in willingness scores (1.52 vs 2.06). Despite gender not influencing AI attitudes significantly, tech literacy correlated with better AI understanding. High awareness of AI in medicine was reported (91.2%), with a strong belief in AI's future prevalence (96%). The majority were willing to use AI (86%) and recognized the need to understand it (74%). RO participants were more inclined towards AI education and usage than MO counterparts. The study highlighted a significant interest in AI learning (73%), with a preference for workshops (79%). Only 29% could describe AI, indicating a gap in AI education, despite 63% acknowledging its importance in training. Formal AI training was rare (12.3%), with a desire for more education, especially among RO residents. All findings had p<0.05. Conclusions: Canadian oncology residents anticipate AI's growing influence in medicine but face educational deficiencies. Gender, program preference, and tech literacy impact attitudes toward AI, highlighting the need for inclusive education to bridge gaps and foster diversity in AI's medical application.
Serum Concentrations of Inhibin B in Healthy Females and Males Throughout Life
Authors: Borelli-Kjær Anna , Aksglaede Lise , Jensen Rikke Beck , Hagen Casper Petri , Ljubicic Marie Lindhardt , Busch Alexander Siegfried , Upners Emmie Nicolina , Fischer Margit Bistrup , Jensen Tina Kold , Linneberg Allan , Kårhus Line Lund , Andersson Anna-Maria , Petersen Jørgen Holm , Juul Anders , Johannsen Trine Holm 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objective
To describe the natural history of inhibin B throughout life according to sex, age, and pubertal development.

Methods
Based on serum samples from 2707 healthy controls aged 0 to 80 years, sex- and age-specific reference ranges of inhibin B concentrations were constructed. Concentrations were evaluated according to pubertal development and use of oral contraceptives (OCs). Also, measurements from 42 patients with Klinefelter syndrome were included.

Results
In both sexes, inhibin B concentrations were high during minipuberty, decreased in childhood, and significantly increased from Tanner stages B1 to B3 (peak: B4) in females and from G1 to G3 (peak: G3) in males. Despite variations in menstruating females, inhibin B concentrations remained relatively constant after puberty until becoming unmeasurable at menopause. Despite a modest decrease, the inhibin B concentration in males remained relatively high from puberty onward. At any age, males had highest concentrations. Inhibin B SD scores were lower in OC users (median SD score = −0.88) than in nonusers (SD score = 0.35), P &lt; .001. In patients with Klinefelter syndrome, inhibin B concentrations spanned the reference range until approximately 15 years of age, where they decreased to subnormal or unmeasurable levels.

Conclusion
Valuable sex- and age-specific reference data for inhibin B concentrations were provided. In OC users, decreased concentrations of inhibin B underlined the ovaries as the only place of inhibin B production. In patients with Klinefelter syndrome, the decline in inhibin B concentrations at puberty underlined the shift in regulation of inhibin B production at pubertal onset.
Association Between Systemic Immune Inflammation Index and Diabetes Mellitus in the NHANES 2003-2018 Population
Authors: Yan Yufeng , Lu Hongjing , Zheng Yaguo , Lin Song 
Published: June 2024

Abstract

Objects
This study aimed to explore the association between the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) and diabetes mellitus (DM) and to assess its influence on the prognosis of the DM and no-DM groups.

Methods
The study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; 9643 participants were included. Logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate connections between SII and DM. We used the Cox proportional hazards model, restricted cubic spline, and Kaplan–Meier curve to analyze the relationship between SII and mortality.

Results
The logistic regression analysis indicated that a significant increase in the likelihood of developing DM with higher SII levels (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.09-1.57, P = .003). The Cox model showed that there is a positive association between increased SII and higher all-cause mortality. The hazard ratios for SII were 1.53 (1.31, 1.78), 1.61 (1.31, 1.98), and 1.41 (1.12, 1.78) in the total, DM and non-DM groups, respectively. We observed a linear correlation between SII and all-cause mortality in DM participants, whereas non-DM participants and the total population showed a nonlinear correlation.

Conclusion
Elevated SII levels are linked to an augmented risk of DM. Those with DM and higher SII levels demonstrated an elevated risk of mortality.
Managerial and Financial Barriers to the Green Transition
Authors: De Haas Ralph , Martin Ralf , Muûls Mirabelle , Schweiger Helena 
Published: June 2024

Using data on 10,776 firms across 22 emerging markets, we show that both credit constraints and weak green management hold back corporate investment in green technologies embodied in new machinery, equipment, and vehicles. In contrast, investment in measures to explicitly reduce emissions and other pollution is mainly determined by the quality of a firm’s green management and less so by binding credit constraints. Data from the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register reveal the environmental impact of these organizational constraints. In areas where more firms are credit constrained and weakly managed, industrial facilities systematically emit more CO2 and pollutants. A counterfactual analysis shows that credit constraints and weak management have respectively kept CO2 emissions 4.5% and 2.3% above the levels that would have prevailed without such constraints. This is further corroborated by our finding that in localities where banks had to deleverage more due to the global financial crisis, carbon emissions by industrial facilities remained 5.6% higher a decade later. This paper was accepted by Lukas Schmid, finance. Supplemental Material: The online appendices and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00772 .
Allah’s House to Domes of Secularism: Minoritization of Muslims in India
Authors: Kiliyamannil Thahir Jamal 
Published: June 2024

Disputes around the Babri masjid have been crucial for understanding the Muslim subject position in India, also because mosques are public expressions of Muslimness. I read the legal proceedings of the Babri masjid dispute leading to the Supreme Court’s controversial judgment in 2019, tracing the life of Babri masjid unfolding as a mosque, a disputed site and, finally, a Hindu temple. Focusing on the theological and secular claims of Hindu and Muslim litigants, I look at the differential approach to belief and historical claims within the legal adjudication. I especially analyse two strategies, disruption and description, that significantly led to the changes in the attributes of the mosque.
Comparing the Babri dispute with the case of the Malappuram mosque dispute in the eighteenth century, this article analyses theological claims on a mosque, asking the question why the Muslim narrative shifted from one rooted in religious reverence, Allah’s house, to one anchored in secular symbolism, the domes of secularism? It would discreetly give an idea of the practice of secularism in India which, as different scholars contend, systematically erases Muslim religiosity from the public space. I suggest reading the anchoring of Muslim claims in secularism as pointing to the crucial changes in the Muslim subject position that is decisively framed through excessive powers of the modern nation-state.