bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of mGluR5 Antagonism During Binge Drinking on Subsequent Ethanol Intake in C57BL/6J Mice: Sex‐ and Age‐Induced Differences
Authors: Cozzoli Debra K. , Strong‐Kaufman Moriah N. , Tanchuck Michelle A. , Hashimoto Joel G. , Wiren Kristine M. , Finn Deborah A. 
Published: October 2013

BackgroundBinge ethanol (EtOH) intake during adolescence leads to an array of behavioral and cognitive consequences including elevated intake of EtOH during adulthood, with female mice showing greater susceptibility than males. Administration of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) antagonist 3‐((2‐Methyl‐1,3‐thiazol‐4‐yl)ethynyl)pyridine (MTEP) has been shown to reduce EtOH self‐administration in adult male mice, but little is known about its effect on female and adolescent mice.MethodsMTEP (0, 10, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) was repeatedly administered to female and male, adult and adolescent C57BL/6J mice during binge sessions using the scheduled high alcohol consumption paradigm. Next, we assessed whether MTEP administration during binge altered the subsequent 24‐hour EtOH intake following a period of abstinence. Finally, we investigated whether MTEP administration during binge followed by an abstinence period altered mRNA of glutamatergic genes within the nucleus accumbens of female mice.ResultsMTEP significantly decreased binge EtOH intake in all mice, but only female mice exhibited altered subsequent 24‐hour EtOH intake. Interestingly, the alteration in subsequent EtOH intake in female animals was age dependent, with adolescent exposure to MTEP during binge decreasing 24‐hour intake and adult exposure to MTEP during binge increasing 24‐hour intake. Finally, while there were no effects of MTEP pretreatment on the genes examined, there was a robust age effect found during analysis of mGluR1 (Grm1), mGluR5 (Grm5), the NR2A subunit of the NMDA receptor (Grin2a), phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (Pik3r1), mammalian target of rapamycin (Mtor), and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (Mapk1) mRNA, with adolescent female animals having lower expression than their adult counterparts.ConclusionsCollectively, the present findings add to existing evidence implicating the contribution of long‐term effects of adolescent binge drinking to enhance alcohol abuse in adulthood, while suggesting that mGluR5 antagonism may not be the best pharmacotherapy to treat binge alcohol consumption in female and adolescent animals.
Biological effects of blocking blue and other visible light on the mouse retina
Authors: Narimatsu Toshio , Ozawa Yoko , Miyake Seiji , Kubota Shunsuke , Yuki Kenya , Nagai Norihiro , Tsubota Kazuo 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundTo elucidate the biological effects of blocking fluorescent light on the retina using specific blocking materials.MethodsSeven‐ to 8‐week‐old BALB/c mice were divided into three groups and placed in one of the three boxes: one blocked ultraviolet and violet wavelengths of light (violet blockade), one blocked ultraviolet, violet, blue and some other visible wavelengths (blue‐plus blockade), and one allowed most visible light to pass through (control). They were then exposed to a white fluorescent lamp for 1 h at 5.65E‐05 mW/cm2/s. After treatment, the electroretinogram, retinal outer nuclear layer thickness and retinal outer segment length were measured. In addition, retinal apoptotic cells were quantified by TdT‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labelling assay and c‐Fos messenger RNA, and protein levels were measured by real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot analyses, respectively.ResultsThe blue‐plus blockade group retained a significantly better electroretinogram response following light exposure than the control or violet blockade groups. The blue‐plus blockade group also exhibited greater outer nuclear layer thickness and greater outer‐segment length, and fewer apoptotic cells after light exposure than the other groups. The c‐Fos messenger RNA and protein levels were substantially reduced in the blue‐plus blockade group and reduced to a lesser extent in the violet blockade group.ConclusionsThe blockade of blue plus additional visible wavelengths of light was most effective in protecting the retina from light‐induced damage. The blockade of violet light alone was also effective in reducing intracellular molecular responses, but these effects were not sufficient for attenuating retinal degeneration.
Sense‐making in a social work office: an ethnographic study of safeguarding judgements
Authors: Helm Duncan 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSocial workers are routinely required to make finely balanced judgements on matters defined by subjectivity and uncertainty. Often, these judgements have to be made on the basis of information which is incomplete, inconclusive and contested. The way in which social workers make sense of such information is a crucial component of effective assessment and intervention. This ethnographic study of judgements in a social work office describes some of the practices which practitioners employed in making sense of information about children and young people's needs. The findings suggest that initial statements in dialogue may potentially act as signposts for preceding intuitive sense‐making. Observations offer insights into the way in which individuals construct professional responsibility. The study also suggests that sense‐making is not necessarily an individual activity but can be an activity which is shared between people and across teams. The findings indicate the importance of emotional intelligence and intersubjectivity in social work judgements.
Role of histone deacetylases in regulation of phenotype of ovine newborn pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells
Authors: Yang Q. , Dahl M. J. , Albertine K. H. , Ramchandran R. , Sun M. , Raj J. U. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivePulmonary arterial hypertension, characterized by pulmonary vascular remodelling and vasoconstriction, is associated with excessive proliferative changes in pulmonary vascular walls. However, the role of HDACs in the phenotypic alteration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is largely unknown.Material and methodsPulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells were isolated from newborn sheep. Cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry. mRNA and protein expression were measured by real‐time PCR and Western blot analysis. Wound‐healing scratch assay was used to measure cell migration. Contractility of newborn PASMCs was determined by gel contraction assay. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to examine histone modifications along the p21 promoter region. Global DNA methylation was measured by liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy.ResultsInhibition of class I and class II HDACs by apicidin and HDACi VIII suppressed proliferation of newborn PASMC and induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. Acetyl H3 levels were higher in newborn PASMC treated with apicidin and HDACi VIII. This was accompanied by increased expression of p21 and reduced expression of CCND1 but not p53. HDAC inhibition altered histone codes around the p21 promoter region in NPASMC. Apicidin inhibited serum‐induced cell migration, and modulated profiling of expression of genes encoding pro‐oxidant and antioxidant enzymes. Contractility and global DNA methylation levels of newborn PASMCs were also markedly modulated by apicidin.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that class I HDACs are clearly involved in phenotypic alteration of newborn PASMC.
Serum leptin, adiponectin, and resistin among adult patients with acanthosis nigricans: correlations with insulin resistance and risk factors for cardiovascular disease
Authors: Atwa Mona , Emara Amany , Balata Mona , Youssef Nahed , Bayoumy Nervana , Sherif Abdulsalam , Fiala Lamia 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundAcanthosis nigricans (AN) is linked to obesity and insulin resistance. Major adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin are known to be dysregulated in obesity and are key players in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.ObjectivesThis study was conducted to assess serum levels of the major adipokines leptin, adiponectin, and resistin, and to study their correlations with the state of insulin resistance and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among AN patients.MethodsA total of 115 adult subjects were included in the study; 52 of these had benign acquired AN, and 63 (control subjects) were without AN. Thirty‐three of the control group were obese, and 30 were healthy subjects of normal weight. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, serum leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were assessed in all subjects.ResultsWe found significant differences between AN patients and obese controls in serum levels of leptin (30.02 ± 15.14 ng/ml vs. 21.07 ± 7.92 ng/ml; P = 0.002), adiponectin (5.55 ± 2.89 μg/l vs. 9.02 ± 2.33 μg/ml; P = 0.00001), and resistin (20.88 ± 3.97 ng/ml vs. 16.82 ± 4.36 ng/ml; P = 0.00003). Significant positive correlations were found between serum leptin and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) value, insulin, glucose, BMI, cholesterol, and low‐density lipoprotein. There were also significant negative correlations between adiponectin and HOMA value, insulin, BMI, cholesterol, and leptin among AN patients.ConclusionsAcanthosis nigricans is a likely forerunner of the finding of metabolic syndrome. High serum leptin and resistin and low serum adiponectin may increase the risk for CVD among AN patients.
Protein leverage and energy intake
Authors: Gosby A. K. , Conigrave A. D. , Raubenheimer D. , Simpson S. J. 
Published: October 2013

SummaryIncreased energy intakes are contributing to overweight and obesity. Growing evidence supports the role of protein appetite in driving excess intake when dietary protein is diluted (the protein leverage hypothesis). Understanding the interactions between dietary macronutrient balance and nutrient‐specific appetite systems will be required for designing dietary interventions that work with, rather than against, basic regulatory physiology. Data were collected from 38 published experimental trials measuringad libitumintake in subjects confined to menus differing in macronutrient composition. Collectively, these trials encompassed considerable variation in percent protein (spanning 8–54% of total energy), carbohydrate (1.6–72%) and fat (11–66%). The data provide an opportunity to describe the individual and interactive effects of dietary protein, carbohydrate and fat on the control of total energy intake. Percent dietary protein was negatively associated with total energy intake (F = 6.9,P < 0.0001) irrespective of whether carbohydrate (F = 0,P = 0.7) or fat (F = 0,P = 0.5) were the diluents of protein. The analysis strongly supports a role for protein leverage in lean, overweight and obese humans. A better appreciation of the targets and regulatory priorities for protein, carbohydrate and fat intake will inform the design of effective and health‐promoting weight loss diets, food labelling policies, food production systems and regulatory frameworks.
Reproductive biology and pollination of Utricularia reniformis A.St.‐Hil. (Lentibulariaceae)
Authors: Clivati D. , Cordeiro G. D. , Płachno B. J. , de Miranda V. F. O. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractUtricularia reniformis is an endemic Brazilian carnivorous plant, most common in high‐altitude grasslands. Knowledge of the reproductive biology of U. reniformis is essential for planning conservation strategies, but it is currently poorly understood. Thus, we studied the floral morphology, floral biology, breeding system and pollination of this species. U. reniformis produces and stores nectar in the flower spur, a classic feature of bee‐pollinated flowers, and we recorded Xylocopa sp. and Bombus sp. as pollinators. Moreover, although it is self‐compatible it is an obligate animal‐pollinated species, as the sensitive stigma avoids self‐pollination. However, in natural conditions reproductive success is low due to the rarity of visits from pollinators. We suggest that the low reproductive success caused by a deficit of pollinators may affect gene flow, causing loss of genetic diversity in U. reniformis.
Structure and function of CrACA1, the major PM‐type Ca2+‐ATPase, expressed at the peak of the gravity‐directed trans‐cell calcium current in spores of the fern Ceratopteris richardii
Authors: Bushart T. J. , Cannon A. , Clark G. , Roux S. J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractSpores of the fern Ceratopteris richardii have proven to be a valuable single‐cell system for studying gravity responses. The earliest cellular change directed by gravity in these cells is a trans‐cell calcium current, which peaks near 10 h after the spores are induced to germinate. This current is needed for gravity‐directed axis alignment, and its peak is coincident with the time period when gravity polarises the direction of subsequent nuclear migration and rhizoid growth. Transcriptomic analysis of genes expressed at the 10‐h time point revealed several that encode proteins likely to be key components that either drive the current or regulate it. Notable among these is a plasma membrane (PM)‐type Ca2+ATPase, CrACA1, whose activity pumping Ca2+ out of cells is regulated by gravity. This report provides an initial characterisation of the structure and expression of this protein, and demonstrates its heterologous function complementing the K616 mutant of yeast, which is deficient in PM‐type Ca2+ pump activity. Gravity‐induced changes in the trans‐cell Ca2+ current occur within seconds, a result consistent with the hypothesis that the force of gravity can rapidly alter the post‐translational state of the channels and pumps that drive this current across spore cells. This report identifies a transporter likely to be a key driver of the current, CrACA1, and characterises the role of this protein in early germination and gravity‐driven polarity fixation through analysis of expression levels, functional complementation and pharmacological treatments. These data, along with newly available transcriptomic data obtained at the 10‐h time point, indicate that CrACA1 is present, functional and likely a major contributing component of the trans‐cell Ca2+ efflux. CrACA1 is not necessary for polar axis alignment, but pharmacological perturbations of it disrupt rhizoid development. These data support and help refine the post‐translational modification model for gravity responses.
Phytophthora acerina sp. nov., a new species causing bleeding cankers and dieback of Acer pseudoplatanus trees in planted forests in northern Italy
Authors: Ginetti B. , Moricca S. , Squires J. N. , Cooke D. E. L. , Ragazzi A. , Jung T. 
Published: October 2013

A severe dieback of Acer pseudoplatanus trees was noticed in planted forest stands in northern Italy in 2010. Affected trees showed collar rot and aerial bleeding cankers along the stems, leading to crown dieback and eventually death. An unknown Phytophthora species was consistently isolated from necrotic bark and xylem tissue and from rhizosphere soil. Based on its unique combination of morphological and physiological characters and phylogenetic analysis, this new taxon is here described as Phytophthora acerina sp. nov. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS, cox1 and β‐tubulin gene regions demonstrated that P. acerina is unique and forms a separate cluster within the ‘P. citricola complex’, closely related to P. plurivora. Phytophthora acerina is homothallic with smooth‐walled oogonia, thick‐walled, mostly aplerotic oospores with a high abortion rate, paragynous antheridia, and persistent, morphologically variable semipapillate sporangia. Four to 5‐week‐old cultures produced globose to subglobose, appressoria‐like and coralloid hyphal swellings and characteristic stromata‐like hyphal aggregations. Optimum and maximum temperatures for growth are 25°C and 32°C, respectively. Genetic uniformity of all 15 studied isolates and the apparent absence of this species in the extensive surveys of nurseries, forests and seminatural ecosystems conducted in the previous two decades across Europe indicate a recent clonal introduction to northern Italy. Under‐bark inoculation tests demonstrated high aggressiveness of P. acerina to A. pseudoplatanus indicating that this pathogen might be a serious risk to maple plantations and forests in Europe.
Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Bacteriophage DNA Fraction of Human Fecal Samples
Authors: Quirós Pablo , Colomer-Lluch Marta , Martínez-Castillo Alexandre , Miró Elisenda , Argente Marc , Jofre Juan , Navarro Ferran , Muniesa Maite 
Published: October 2013

ABSTRACT

A group of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (
bla
TEM
,
bla
CTX-M-1
,
mecA
,
armA
,
qnrA
, and
qnrS
) were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in bacteriophage DNA isolated from feces from 80 healthy humans. Seventy-seven percent of the samples were positive in phage DNA for one or more ARGs.
bla
TEM
,
qnrA
, and,
bla
CTX-M-1
were the most abundant, and
armA
,
qnrS
, and
mecA
were less prevalent. Free bacteriophages carrying ARGs may contribute to the mobilization of ARGs in intra- and extraintestinal environments.
Stressing the Development of Small Molecules Targeting HSP90
Authors: Neckers Len , Trepel Jane B. 
Published: October 2013

Abstract
Inhibitors of the molecular chaperone HSP90 have been in clinical development as anticancer agents since 1999. Recent clinical studies, including the work of Saif and colleagues in this issue of Clinical Cancer Research, demonstrate that significant progress has been made in overcoming the obstacles preventing regulatory approval. Clin Cancer Res; 20(2); 275–7. ©2013 AACR.
Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies 8 Novel Loci Associated With Blood Pressure Responses to Interventions in Han Chinese
Authors: He Jiang , Kelly Tanika N. , Zhao Qi , Li Hongfan , Huang Jianfeng , Wang Laiyuan , Jaquish Cashell E. , Sung Yun Ju , Shimmin Lawrence C. , Lu Fanghong , Mu Jianjun , Hu Dongsheng , Ji Xu , Shen Chong , Guo Dongshuang , Ma Jixiang , Wang Renping , Shen Jinjin , Li Shengxu , Chen Jing , Mei Hao , Chen Chung-Shiuan , Chen Shufeng , Chen Jichun , Li Jianxin , Cao Jie , Lu Xiangfeng , Wu Xigui , Rice Treva K. , Gu C. Charles , Schwander Karen , Hamm L. Lee , Liu Depei , Rao Dabeeru C. , Hixson James E. , Gu Dongfeng 
Published: October 2013

Background—
Blood pressure (BP) responses to dietary sodium and potassium intervention and cold pressor test vary considerably among individuals. We aimed to identify novel genetic variants influencing individuals’ BP responses to dietary intervention and cold pressor test.

Methods and Results—

We conducted a genome-wide association study of BP responses in 1881 Han Chinese and de novo genotyped top findings in 698 Han Chinese. Diet-feeding study included a 7-day low-sodium (51.3 mmol/d), a 7-day high-sodium (307.8 mmol/d), and a 7-day high-sodium plus potassium supplementation (60 mmol/d). Nine BP measurements were obtained during baseline observation and each intervention period. The meta-analyses identified 8 novel loci for BP phenotypes, which physically mapped in or near
PRMT6
(
P
=7.29×10
–9
),
CDCA7
(
P
=3.57×10
–8
),
PIBF1
(
P
=1.78×10
–9
),
ARL4C
(
P
=1.86×10
–8
),
IRAK1BP1
(
P
=1.44×10
−10
),
SALL1
(
P
=7.01×10
–13
),
TRPM8
(
P
=2.68×10
–8
), and
FBXL13
(
P
=3.74×10
–9
). There was a strong dose–response relationship between the number of risk alleles of these independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms and the risk of developing hypertension during the 7.5-year follow-up in the study participants. Compared with those in the lowest quartile of risk alleles, odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for those in the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 1.39 (0.97, 1.99), 1.72 (1.19, 2.47), and 1.84 (1.29, 2.62), respectively (
P
=0.0003 for trend).

Conclusions—
Our study identified 8 novel loci for BP responses to dietary sodium and potassium intervention and cold pressor test. The effect size of these novel loci on BP phenotypes is much larger than those reported by the previously published studies. Furthermore, these variants predict the risk of developing hypertension among individuals with normal BP at baseline.
Growth in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Capacity Relative to Population and Disease Prevalence
Authors: Langabeer James R. , Henry Timothy D. , Kereiakes Dean J. , DelliFraine Jami , Emert Jamie , Wang Zheng , Stuart Leilani , King Richard , Segrest Wendy , Moyer Peter , Jollis James G. 
Published: October 2013

Background

The access to and growth of percutaneous coronary intervention (
PCI
) has not been fully explored with regard to geographic equity and need. Economic factors and timely access to primary
PCI
provide the impetus for growth in
PCI
centers, and this is balanced by volume standards and the benefits of regionalized care.

Methods and Results

Geospatial and statistical analyses were used to model capacity, growth, and access of
PCI
hospitals relative to population density and myocardial infarction (
MI
) prevalence at the state level. Longitudinal data were obtained for 2003–2011 from the
A
merican
H
ospital
A
ssociation, the
U
.
S
. Census, and the
C
enters for
D
isease
C
ontrol and
P
revention (CDC) with geographical modeling to map
PCI
locations. The number of
PCI
centers has grown 21.2% over the last 8 years, with 39% of all hospitals having interventional cardiology capabilities. During the same time, the
US
population has grown 8.3%, from 217 million to 235 million, and
MI
prevalence rates have decreased from 4.0% to 3.7%. The most densely concentrated states have a ratio of 8.1 to 12.1
PCI
facilities per million of population with significant variability in both
MI
prevalence and average distance between
PCI
facilities.

Conclusions

Over the last decade, the growth rate for
PCI
centers is 1.5× that of the population growth, while
MI
prevalence is decreasing. This has created geographic imbalances and access barriers with excess
PCI
centers relative to need in some regions and inadequate access in others.
Cerebrospinal Fluid τ Protein in Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia in Chinese population
Authors: Liu Bo , Tang Yulan , Shen Yuefei , Cen Luan , Han Min 
Published: October 2013

Background: To assess whether biomarker τ protein could differentiate between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search to identify studies on τ protein, patients with AD, and patients with VaD. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) τ protein levels were compared to discriminate among patients with AD, healthy controls, and patients with VaD by a meta-analysis. Results: Patients with AD exhibit significantly higher CSF τ protein levels than healthy controls or patients with VaD in the Chinese population. Conclusion: Our findings suggested that CSF τ protein levels were found to be significantly associated with AD in the Chinese population. Measurement of τ protein could help in attenuating the strict distinction between AD and VaD.