bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The positive piezoconductive effect in graphene
Authors: Xu Kang , Wang Ke , Zhao Wei , Bao Wenzhong , Liu Erfu , Ren Yafei , Wang Miao , Fu Yajun , Zeng Junwen , Li Zhaoguo , Zhou Wei , Song Fengqi , Wang Xinran , Shi Yi , Wan Xiangang , Fuhrer Michael S. , Wang Baigeng , Qiao Zhenhua , Miao Feng , Xing Dingyu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractAs the thinnest conductive and elastic material, graphene is expected to play a crucial role in post-Moore era. Besides applications on electronic devices, graphene has shown great potential for nano-electromechanical systems. While interlayer interactions play a key role in modifying the electronic structures of layered materials, no attention has been given to their impact on electromechanical properties. Here we report the positive piezoconductive effect observed in suspended bi- and multi-layer graphene. The effect is highly layer number dependent and shows the most pronounced response for tri-layer graphene. The effect, and its dependence on the layer number, can be understood as resulting from the strain-induced competition between interlayer coupling and intralayer transport, as confirmed by the numerical calculations based on the non-equilibrium Green’s function method. Our results enrich the understanding of graphene and point to layer number as a powerful tool for tuning the electromechanical properties of graphene for future applications.
Novel PRD-like homeodomain transcription factors and retrotransposon elements in early human development
Authors: Töhönen Virpi , Katayama Shintaro , Vesterlund Liselotte , Jouhilahti Eeva-Mari , Sheikhi Mona , Madissoon Elo , Filippini-Cattaneo Giuditta , Jaconi Marisa , Johnsson Anna , Bürglin Thomas R. , Linnarsson Sten , Hovatta Outi , Kere Juha 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTranscriptional program that drives human preimplantation development is largely unknown. Here, by using single-cell RNA sequencing of 348 oocytes, zygotes and single blastomeres from 2- to 3-day-old embryos, we provide a detailed analysis of the human preimplantation transcriptome. By quantifying transcript far 5′-ends (TFEs), we include in our analysis transcripts that derive from alternative promoters. We show that 32 and 129 genes are transcribed during the transition from oocyte to four-cell stage and from four- to eight-cell stage, respectively. A number of identified transcripts originates from previously unannotated genes that include the PRD-like homeobox genes ARGFX, CPHX1, CPHX2, DPRX, DUXA, DUXB and LEUTX. Employing de novo promoter motif extraction on sequences surrounding TFEs, we identify significantly enriched gene regulatory motifs that often overlap with Alu elements. Our high-resolution analysis of the human transcriptome during preimplantation development may have important implications on future studies of human pluripotent stem cells and cell reprograming.
Monolayered Bi2WO6 nanosheets mimicking heterojunction interface with open surfaces for photocatalysis
Authors: Zhou Yangen , Zhang Yongfan , Lin Mousheng , Long Jinlin , Zhang Zizhong , Lin Huaxiang , Wu Jeffrey C.-S. , Wang Xuxu 
Published: September 2015

AbstractTwo-dimensional-layered heterojunctions have attracted extensive interest recently due to their exciting behaviours in electronic/optoelectronic devices as well as solar energy conversion systems. However, layered heterojunction materials, especially those made by stacking different monolayers together by strong chemical bonds rather than by weak van der Waal interactions, are still challenging to fabricate. Here the monolayer Bi2WO6 with a sandwich substructure of [BiO]+–[WO4]2−–[BiO]+ is reported. This material may be characterized as a layered heterojunction with different monolayer oxides held together by chemical bonds. Coordinatively unsaturated Bi atoms are present as active sites on the surface. On irradiation, holes are generated directly on the active surface layer and electrons in the middle layer, which leads to the outstanding performances of the monolayer material in solar energy conversion. Our work provides a general bottom-up route for designing and preparing novel monolayer materials with ultrafast charge separation and active surface.
Non-Classical monocytes display inflammatory features: Validation in Sepsis and Systemic Lupus Erythematous
Authors: Mukherjee Ratnadeep , Kanti Barman Pijus , Kumar Thatoi Pravat , Tripathy Rina , Kumar Das Bidyut , Ravindran Balachandran 
Published: September 2015

AbstractGiven the importance of monocytes in pathogenesis of infectious and other inflammatory disorders, delineating functional and phenotypic characterization of monocyte subsets has emerged as a critical requirement. Although human monocytes have been subdivided into three different populations based on surface expression of CD14 and CD16, published reports suffer from contradictions with respect to subset phenotypes and function. This has been attributed to discrepancies in reliable gating strategies for flow cytometric characterization and purification protocols contributing to significant changes in receptor expression. By using a combination of multicolour flow cytometry and a high-dimensional automated clustering algorithm to confirm robustness of gating strategy and analysis of ex-vivo activation of whole blood with LPS we demonstrate the following: a. ‘Classical’ monocytes are phagocytic with no inflammatory attributes, b. ‘Non-classical’ subtype display ‘inflammatory’ characteristics on activation and display properties for antigen presentation and c. ‘Intermediate’ subtype that constitutes a very small percentage in circulation (under physiological conditions) appear to be transitional monocytes that display both phagocytic and inflammatory function. Analysis of blood from patients with Sepsis, a pathogen driven acute inflammatory disease and Systemic Lupus Erythmatosus (SLE), a chronic inflammatory disorder validated the broad conclusions drawn in the study.
Photosystem I cyclic electron flow via chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like complex performs a physiological role for photosynthesis at low light
Authors: Yamori Wataru , Shikanai Toshiharu , Makino Amane 
Published: September 2015

AbstractCyclic electron transport around photosystem I (PS I) was discovered more than a half-century ago and two pathways have been identified in angiosperms. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the structure of the chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase-like (NDH) complex, which mediates one route of the cyclic electron transport pathways, its physiological function is not well understood. Most studies focused on the role of the NDH-dependent PS I cyclic electron transport in alleviation of oxidative damage in strong light. In contrast, here it is shown that impairment of NDH-dependent cyclic electron flow in rice specifically causes a reduction in the electron transport rate through PS I (ETR I) at low light intensity with a concomitant reduction in CO2 assimilation rate, plant biomass and importantly, grain production. There was no effect on PS II function at low or high light intensity. We propose a significant physiological function for the chloroplast NDH at low light intensities commonly experienced during the reproductive and ripening stages of rice cultivation that have adverse effects crop yield.
Learning to distinguish between predators and non-predators: understanding the critical role of diet cues and predator odours in generalisation
Authors: Mitchell Matthew D. , Chivers Douglas P. , McCormick Mark I. , Ferrari Maud C.O. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIt is critical for prey to recognise predators and distinguish predators from non-threatening species. Yet, we have little understanding of how prey develop effective predator recognition templates. Recent studies suggest that prey may actually learn key predator features which can be used to recognise novel species with similar characteristics. However, non-predators are sometimes mislabelled as predators when generalising recognition. Here, we conduct the first comprehensive investigation of how prey integrate information on predator odours and predator diet cues in generalisation, allowing them to discriminate between predators and non-predators. We taught lemon damselfish to recognise a predator fed a fish diet and tested them for their response to the known predator and a series of novel predators (fed fish diet) and non-predators (fed squid diet) distributed across a phylogenetic gradient. Our findings show that damselfish distinguish between predators and non-predators when generalising recognition. Additional experiments revealed that generalised recognition did not result from recognition of predator odours or diet cues, but that damselfish based recognition on what they learned during the initial conditioning. Incorporating multiple sources of information enables prey to develop highly plastic and accurate recognition templates that will increase survival in patchy environments where they have little prior knowledge.
Association between vitamin C intake and the risk of pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Fan Hua , Kou Jiantao , Han Dongdong , Li Ping , Zhang Dong , Wu Qiao , He Qiang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractQuantification of the association between the intake of vitamin C and risk of pancreatic cancer is still conflicting. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to assess the association between them. Pertinent studies were identified by a search of PubMed and Web of Knowledge throughSeptember of 2014. A random effects model was used to combine the data for analysis. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were conducted. Data from 17 studies including 4827 pancreatic cancer cases were used in this meta-analysis. Pooled results suggested that highest vitamin C intake amount versus lowest amount was significantlyassociated with reduced the risk of pancreatic cancer [summary relative risk (RR) = 0.705, 95% CI = 0.612–0.811, I2 = 42.3%]. The associations were also significant both in Caucasian [summary RR = 0.741, 95% CI = 0.626–0.876], Asian [summary RR = 0.455, 95% CI = 0.275–0.754] and Mixed population [summary RR = 0.677, 95% CI = 0.508–0.901]. No publication bias was found. Our analysis suggested that the higher intake of vitamin C might reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer.
Hyperinsulinemia shifted energy supply from glucose to ketone bodies in early nonalcoholic steatohepatitis from high-fat high-sucrose diet induced Bama minipigs
Authors: Yang Shu-lin , Xia Ji-han , Zhang Yuan-yuan , Fan Jian-gao , Wang Hua , Yuan Jing , Zhao Zhan-zhao , Pan Qin , Mu Yu-lian , Xin Lei-lei , Chen Yao-xing , Li Kui 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe minipig can serve as a good pharmacological model for human subjects. However, the long-term pathogenesis of high-calorie diet-induced metabolic syndromes, including NASH, has not been well described in minipigs. We examined the development of metabolic syndromes in Bama minipigs that were fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet (HFHSD) for 23 months, by using histology and serum biochemistry and by profiling the gene expression patterns in the livers of HFHSD pigs compared to controls. The pathology findings revealed microvesicular steatosis, iron overload, arachidonic acid synthesis, lipid peroxidation, reduced antioxidant capacity, increased cellular damage and inflammation in the liver. RNA-seq analysis revealed that 164 genes were differentially expressed between the livers of the HFHSD and control groups. The pathogenesis of early-stage NASH was characterized by hyperinsulinemia and by de novo synthesis of fatty acids and nascent triglycerides, which were deposited as lipid droplets in hepatocytes. Hyperinsulinemia shifted the energy supply from glucose to ketone bodies and the high ketone body concentration induced the overexpression of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1). The iron overload, CYP2E1 and alcohol dehydrogenase 4 overexpression promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which resulted in arachidonic and linoleic acid peroxidation and, in turn, led to malondialdehyde production and a cellular response to ROS-mediated DNA damage.
Interaction of dendritic cells and T lymphocytes for the therapeutic effect of Dangguiliuhuang decoction to autoimmune diabetes
Authors: Liu Tingting , Cao Hui , Ji Yachun , Pei Yufeng , Yu Zhihong , Quan Yihong , Xiang Ming 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIn traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Dangguiliuhuang decoction (DGLHD) is an effective treatment of autoimmune diabetes. Here, we studied potential anti-diabetic mechanisms of DGLHD in a non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. In vitro, DGLHD and individual active ingredients enhanced glucose uptake in HepG2 cells, inhibited T lymphocyte proliferation and suppressed dendritic cells (DCs) function. In vivo, DGLHD significantly inhibited insulitis, delayed the onset and development of diabetes, promoted insulin secretion and sensitivity and balanced partially normalized Th1 and Th2 cytokines in NOD mice. In addition, DGLHD increased α1-antitrypsin (AAT-1), Bcl-2 and CyclinD1 and decreased Bax levels in pancreas, spleen, thymus, DCs and a NIT-1 cell line, all consistent with protecting and repairing islet β cell. More detailed studies indicated that DGLHD regulated the maturation and function of DCs, decreased the percentage of merocytic dendritic cells (mcDCs) subset and increased programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression in DCs. DGLHD also impeded T lymphocyte proliferation and promoted regulatory T cells (Tregs) differentiation in vivo. A JAK2-STAT3-dependent pathway was involved in the suppression by DGLHD of interactions between DCs and T lymphocyte. The experiments implicated five active ingredients in specific anti-diabetic actions of DGLHD. The results demonstrated the reasonable composition of the formula.
Novel WT1 Missense Mutations in Han Chinese Women with Premature Ovarian Failure
Authors: Wang Huidan , Li Guangyu , Zhang Jun , Gao Fei , Li Weiping , Qin Yingying , Chen Zi-Jiang 
Published: September 2015

AbstractPremature ovarian failure (POF) is a heterogeneous disease. Though dozens of candidate genes have been identified for the genetic etiology of POF, it is largely unexplained in majority of patients. Recently, Wt1+/R394W mice was found to present POF-like phenotype, which indicates that WT1 might be a plausible candidate gene for non-syndromic POF. The coding region of WT1 gene was screened in 384 patients with POF and 6 novel variations were identified, including two missense mutations (p. Pro126Ser in exon1 and p. Arg370His in exon7) and four intronic variants (c.647-27C > T, c.647-13G > C, c.647-13G > A in intron1 and c.950 + 14T > C in intron 4). In vitro experiments showed that both mutant p. Pro126Ser and p. Arg370His repressed the expression of Amh and Cdh1 and induced the expression of Fshr and Cyp19 in mRNA level (P < 0.05). The expression changes of AMH, FSHR, CYP19 and CDH1 were confirmed by western blot. These genes (AMH, FSHR, CYP19 and CDH1) are required for granular cells (GCs) proliferation, differentiation and oocyte-GCs interaction. The novel mutant p. P126S and p. R370H in the WT1 gene potentially impaired GCs differentiation and oocyte-GCs interaction, which might result in loss of follicles prematurely. Therefore, WT1 is a plausible causal gene for POF.
An isomorphous replacement method for efficient de novo phasing for serial femtosecond crystallography
Authors: Yamashita Keitaro , Pan Dongqing , Okuda Tomohiko , Sugahara Michihiro , Kodan Atsushi , Yamaguchi Tomohiro , Murai Tomohiro , Gomi Keiko , Kajiyama Naoki , Mizohata Eiichi , Suzuki Mamoru , Nango Eriko , Tono Kensuke , Joti Yasumasa , Kameshima Takashi , Park Jaehyun , Song Changyong , Hatsui Takaki , Yabashi Makina , Iwata So , Kato Hiroaki , Ago Hideo , Yamamoto Masaki , Nakatsu Toru 
Published: September 2015

AbstractSerial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) with X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) holds great potential for structure determination of challenging proteins that are not amenable to producing large well diffracting crystals. Efficient de novo phasing methods are highly demanding and as such most SFX structures have been determined by molecular replacement methods. Here we employed single isomorphous replacement with anomalous scattering (SIRAS) for phasing and demonstrate successful application to SFX de novo phasing. Only about 20,000 patterns in total were needed for SIRAS phasing while single wavelength anomalous dispersion (SAD) phasing was unsuccessful with more than 80,000 patterns of derivative crystals. We employed high energy X-rays from SACLA (12.6 keV) to take advantage of the large anomalous enhancement near the LIII absorption edge of Hg, which is one of the most widely used heavy atoms for phasing in conventional protein crystallography. Hard XFEL is of benefit for de novo phasing in the use of routinely used heavy atoms and high resolution data collection.
Sleep patterns in Amazon rubber tappers with and without electric light at home
Authors: Moreno C. R. C. , Vasconcelos S. , Marqueze E. C. , Lowden A. , Middleton B. , Fischer F. M. , Louzada F. M. , Skene D. J. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractToday’s modern society is exposed to artificial electric lighting in addition to the natural light-dark cycle. Studies assessing the impact of electric light exposure on sleep and its relation to work hours are rare due to the ubiquitous presence of electricity. Here we report a unique study conducted in two phases in a homogenous group of rubber tappers living and working in a remote area of the Amazon forest, comparing those living without electric light (n = 243 in first phase; n = 25 in second phase) to those with electric light at home (n = 97 in first phase; n = 17 in second phase). Questionnaire data (Phase 1) revealed that rubber tappers with availability of electric light had significantly shorter sleep on work days (30 min/day less) than those without electric light. Analysis of the data from the Phase 2 sample showed a significant delay in the timing of melatonin onset in workers with electric light compared to those without electric light (p < 0.01). Electric lighting delayed sleep onset and reduced sleep duration during the work week and appears to interfere with alignment of the circadian timing system to the natural light/dark cycle.
The Role of Iodine and Selenium in Autoimmune
Thyroiditis
Authors: Duntas L. H. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractIodine and selenium (Se) are both essential elements to thyroid hormone
economy, while they represent key players in the development of autoimmune
thyroiditis.Chronic high iodine intake has been associated in various studies with
increased frequency of autoimmune thyroiditis. In susceptible individuals,
iodine excess increases intra-thyroid infiltrating Th17 cells and inhibits T
regulatory (TREG) cells development, while it triggers an abnormal
expression of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
(TRAIL) in thyrocytes, thus inducing apoptosis and parenchymal destruction.
As was shown in a mouse model, high iodine supply leads to changes in the
immunogenicity of the thyroglobulin molecule, upregulation of vascular
intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and reactive oxygen species
(ROS) generation in the thyrocytes. Serum Se levels were found decreased in
Hashimoto thyroiditis and especially in Graves’ disease as well as in
thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy patients, the levels being related to the
pathogenesis and outcome. Selenium is strongly involved, via the variable
selenoproteins, in antioxidant, redox, and anti-inflammatory processes.
Selenium enhances CD4+/CD25 FOXP3 and T regulatory cells activity while
suppressing cytokine secretion, thus preventing apoptosis of the follicular
cells and providing protection from thyroiditis. Selenium supplementation
may be useful in autoimmune thyroid diseases, though, while usually
well-tolerated, it should not be universally recommended, and it is also
likely to be helpful for those with low Se status and autoimmunity. Broadly
speaking, the achievement and maintenance of “selenostasis” as well as
adequate urinary iodine excretion are mandatory to control disease, while,
putatively, they may additionally be critical to preventing disease.
Discovery of an intermolecular disulfide bond required for the thermostability of a heterodimeric protein from the thermophile Hydrogenobacter thermophilus
Authors: Kim Keug Tae , Chiba Yoko , Arai Hiroyuki , Ishii Masaharu 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Factors that increase protein thermostability are of considerable interest in both scientific and industrial fields. Disulfide bonds are one of such factors that increase thermostability, but are rarely found in intracellular proteins because of the reducing environment of the cytosol. Here, we report the first example of an intermolecular disulfide bond between heteromeric subunits of a novel-type phosphoserine phosphatase from a thermophilic bacterium Hydrogenobacter thermophilus, which contributes to the protein thermostability at the physiological temperature. Comparison of remaining soluble proteins between wild-type and cysteine-deleted mutant using SDS-PAGE revealed that the disulfide bond increases the thermostability of the whole protein by tightly connecting a subunit with low solubility to the partner with higher solubility. Furthermore, it was strongly suggested that the disulfide bond is formed and contributes to the stability in vivo. This finding will open new avenues for the design of proteins with increased thermostability.
Cas-Designer: a web-based tool for choice of CRISPR-Cas9 target sites
Authors: Park Jeongbin , Bae Sangsu , Kim Jin-Soo 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Summary: We present Cas-Designer, a user-friendly program to aid researchers in choosing appropriate target sites in a gene of interest for type II CRISPR/Cas-derived RNA-guided endonucleases, which are now widely used for biomedical research and biotechnology. Cas-Designer rapidly provides the list of all possible guide RNA sequences in a given input DNA sequence and their potential off-target sites including bulge-type sites in a genome of choice. In addition, the program assigns an out-of-frame score to each target site to help users choose appropriate sites for gene knockout. Cas-Designer shows the results in an interactive table and provides user-friendly filter functions.
Availability and implementation: Free access at http://rgenome.net/cas-designer/.
Contact: sangsubae@hanyang.ac.kr or jskim01@snu.ac.kr
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Female Heights and Economic Development
Authors: Oxley Deborah 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Female heights matter. They matter for girls’ and women’s health and productivity, as a measure of inequality, and—significantly—as a bridge transferring welfare across generations. This chapter examines some of the early historiography on female stature and summarizes the historical evidence. The focus then shifts to how we understand the growth of girls versus boys and the methods used to measure historical populations. The chapter then outlines some of the risks of being stunted, identified in a set of empirical relationships among height, weight, morbidity, and mortality that are a function of both age and sex. The chapter then looks at the unique role of mothers and the way their stature not only records the accumulated experience of their own nutrition and welfare history, but how it intimately shapes the generations to come, critically influencing future economic performance.