bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humanizing Humanity: The Global Significance of the Humanities
Authors: Dallmayr Fred 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe essay seeks to vindicate the importance of the humanities or liberal arts deriving from their crucial contribution to the “humanization of humanity”. This vindication is timely in view of the wide-spread curtailment of humanistic or liberal education in many institutions of higher learning. It is also timely as a pedagogical antidote to the fascination with violence in our world (which often culminates in “crimes against humanity”). In a first step, the paper traces the historical development of the humanities or liberal arts in the West. Next, I highlight some crucial features of humanistic education: the emphasis on ethical and character formation; the fine-tuning of moral judgment; and the cultivation of asensus communis. Another central feature is that such education offers a counterpoint to the overwhelming preoccupation today with career training and utilitarian objectives. In the words of Martha Nussbaum: it is “not for profit”, but serves an intrinsic good. In this respect, humanistic pedagogy bears a close affinity to the needed education for democracy and world citizenship.
MOG extracellular domain (p1–125) triggers elevated frequency of CXCR3+ CD4+ Th1 cells in the CNS of mice and induces greater incidence of severe EAE
Authors: Mony Jyothi T , Khorooshi Reza , Owens Trevor 
Published: February 2014

Background: Myelin-specific T cells are implicated in multiple sclerosis (MS) and drive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE is commonly induced with short peptides, whereas in MS, whole myelin proteins are available for immune response. We asked whether immunization with the immunoglobulin-like domain of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOGIgd, residues 1–125) might induce distinct CD4+ T-cell response and/or a stronger CD8+ T-cell response, compared to the 21 amino acid immunodominant MHC II-associating peptide (p35–55). Objectives: Compare both EAE and T-cell responses in C57BL/6 mice immunized with MOGIgd and MOG p35–55. Methods: Cytokine production, and chemokine receptor expression by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the mouse central nervous system (CNS), were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: MOGIgd triggered progression to more severe EAE than MOG p35–55, despite similar time of onset and overall incidence. EAE in MOGIgd-immunized mice was characterized by an increased percentage of CXCR3+ interferon-γ-producing CD4+ T cells in CNS. The CD8+ T-cell response to both immunogens was similar. Conclusions: Increased incidence of severe disease following MOGIgd immunization, accompanied by an increased percentage of CD4+ T cells in the CNS expressing CXCR3 and producing interferon-γ, identifies a pathogenic role for interferon-γ that is not seen when disease is induced with a single Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) II-associating epitope.
Haemorrhagic complications of peripartum anticoagulation: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Wang Erica HZ , Marnoch Catherine A , Khurana Rshmi , Sia Winnie , Yuksel Nesé 
Published: February 2014

Background Women with venous thromboembolism (VTE), thrombophilias or mechanical heart valves may require anticoagulation during pregnancy and postpartum. The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in the literature is 2.9–6%, but the rate while on anticoagulation is not well documented. Aims To determine the incidence of haemorrhagic complications associated with the use of peripartum anticoagulation, and the types and risk factors for haemorrhagic complications. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on women who delivered at an academic teaching hospital and received peripartum anticoagulation between January 2000 and August 2009. Women with known bleeding disorders were excluded. Results In total, 195 cases were identified with mean age 31.3 years and gestational age of 37.7 weeks. Of these, 49% had a history of VTE, 21% had active VTE in the index pregnancy, and 63% had vaginal delivery. Types of anticoagulation used antepartum were unfractionated heparin (UFH) (43%) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) (36%), with 26% receiving therapeutic doses. The rate of haemorrhagic complications was 12.8%, with majority being PPH (80%). Sixty percent of the PPH occurred before reintroduction of anticoagulation postpartum. Use of therapeutic UFH antepartum was associated with increased risk of haemorrhagic complications compared to LMWH (OR 3.08, 95% CI 0.663 – 15.03, p = 0.183). Conclusion The rate of haemorrhagic complications is higher in women on peripartum anticoagulation compared with published incidence in unselected obstetric populations; however, this rate is similar to our institution’s reported rates. Our findings inform clinicians about competing risks of thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications in this population.
Targeted mutation of zebrafish fga models human congenital afibrinogenemia
Authors: Fish Richard J. , Di Sanza Corinne , Neerman-Arbez Marguerite 
Published: February 2014

Key Points
Targeted mutation of a zebrafish fibrinogen gene leads to a bleeding phenotype, analogous to human congenital afibrinogenemia. This first heritable coagulopathy model validates the use of zebrafish for thrombosis and hemostasis research.
A practical guide to transthoracic ultrasound
Authors: von Groote-Bidlingmaier Florian , Koegelenberg Coenraad F.N. 
Published: February 2014

SummaryTransthoracic ultrasonography is a well-established, yet underutilised imaging modality in respiratory medicine. It allows for real-time and mobile assessment of thoracic disorders and can potentially augment the physical examination of the chest. Moreover, ultrasonography-assisted interventions can be performed by a single clinician without sedation and with minimal monitoring, even outside of the operating theatre. Other advantages of chest ultrasonography include the lack of radiation and the short examination time. Many indications for the use of ultrasonography beyond the visualisation of the pleura and related conditions (including effusions, thickening and pneumothorax) have been validated in the last few decades. These include the assessment of diaphragmatic dysfunction, pulmonary consolidation, interstitial syndromes, pulmonary embolism, and pulmonary and mediastinal tumours, provided they abut the pleura. Transthoracic ultrasonography is an ideal guide for thoracocentesis. Ultrasonography-assisted fine-needle aspiration and/or cutting-needle biopsy of extrathoracic lymph nodes, and lesions arising from the chest wall, pleura, peripheral lung and mediastinum are safe and have a high yield in the of hands of chest physicians. Ultrasonography may also guide aspiration and biopsy of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, consolidations and lung abscesses, provided the chest wall is abutted. This review will focus on the basic indications and applications for transthoracic ultrasonography.
Shorter daily dwelling time in peritoneal dialysis attenuates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of mesothelial cells
Authors: Lee Yi-Che , Tsai Yau-Sheng , Hung Shih-Yuan , Lin Tsun-Mei , Lin Sheng-Hsiang , Liou Hung-Hsiang , Liu Hsiang-Chun , Chang Min-Yu , Wang Hsi-Hao , Ho Li-Chun , Chen Yi-Ting , Chen Hsin-Pao , Fan Hong-Arh , Liu Kuang-Wen , Kung Yung-Tang , Wang Hao-Kuang , Chiou Yuan-Yow 
Published: February 2014

Abstract

Background
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy is known to induce morphological and functional changes in the peritoneal membrane. Long-term exposure to conventional bio-incompatible dialysate and peritonitis is the main etiology of inflammation. Consequently, the peritoneal membrane undergoes structural changes, including angiogenesis, fibrosis, and hyalinizing vasculopathy, which ultimately results in technique failure. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of mesothelial cells (MCs) plays an important role during the above process; however, the clinical parameters associated with the EMT process of MCs remain to be explored.

Methods
To investigate the parameters impacting EMT during PD therapy, 53 clinical stable PD patients were enrolled. EMT assessments were conducted through human peritoneal MCs cultured from dialysate effluent with one consistent standard criterion (MC morphology and the expression of an epithelial marker, cytokeratin 18). The factors potentially associated with EMT were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Primary MCs derived from the omentum were isolated for the in vitro study.

Results
Forty-seven percent of the patients presented with EMT, 28% with non-EMT, and 15% with a mixed presentation. Logistic regression analysis showed that patients who received persistent PD therapy (dwelling time of 24 h/day) had significantly higher EMT tendency. These results were consistent in vitro.

Conclusions
Dwelling time had a significant effect on the occurrence of EMT on MCs.
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase attenuates hepatocellular carcinoma cell adhesion stimulated by adipokine resistin
Authors: Yang Chen-Chieh , Chang Shun-Fu , Chao Jian-Kang , Lai Yi-Liang , Chang Wei-En , Hsu Wen-Hsiu , Kuo Wu-Hsien 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundResistin, adipocyte-secreting adipokine, may play critical role in modulating cancer pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistin on HCC adhesion to the endothelium, and the mechanism underlying these resistin effects.MethodsHuman SK-Hep1 cells were used to study the effect of resistin on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expressions as well as NF-κB activation, and hence cell adhesion to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide 1-β-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR), an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator, was used to determine the regulatory role of AMPK on HCC adhesion to the endothelium in regard to the resistin effects.ResultsTreatment with resistin increased the adhesion of SK-Hep1 cells to HUVECs and concomitantly induced NF-κB activation, as well as ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions in SK-Hep1 cells. Using specific blocking antibodies and siRNAs, we found that resistin-induced SK-Hep1 cell adhesion to HUVECs was through NF-κB-regulated ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expressions. Moreover, treatment with AICAR demonstrated that AMPK activation in SK-Hep1 cells significantly attenuates the resistin effect on SK-Hep1 cell adhesion to HUVECs.ConclusionsThese results clarify the role of resistin in inducing HCC adhesion to the endothelium and demonstrate the inhibitory effect of AMPK activation under the resistin stimulation. Our findings provide a notion that resistin play an important role to promote HCC metastasis and implicate AMPK may be a therapeutic target to against HCC metastasis.
Up-regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress induced genes of the unfolded protein response in the liver of periparturient dairy cows
Authors: Gessner Denise K , Schlegel Gloria , Ringseis Robert , Schwarz Frieder J , Eder Klaus 
Published: February 2014

AbstractBackgroundIn dairy cows, the periparturient phase is a stressful period, which is commonly associated with strong metabolic adaptations and the development of pathophysiologic conditions and disorders. Some of the symptoms occurring in the liver, such as the development of fatty liver, are similar to those observed under the condition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Therefore, we hypothesized, that in the liver of dairy cows ER stress is induced during the periparturient phase, which in turn leads to an induction of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In order to investigate this hypothesis, we determined relative mRNA concentrations of 14 genes of the ER stress-induced UPR in liver biopsy samples of 13 dairy cows at 3 wk antepartum and 1, 5 and 14 wk postpartum.ResultsWe found, that the mRNA concentrations of 13 out of the 14 genes involved in the UPR in the liver were significantly increased (1.9 to 4.0 fold) at 1 wk postpartum compared to 3 wk antepartum. From 1 wk postpartum to later lactation, mRNA concentrations of all the genes considered were declining. Moreover, at 1 wk postpartum, mRNA concentration of the spliced variant of XBP1 was increased in comparison to 3 wk antepartum, indicating that splicing of XBP1 – a hallmark of ER stress - was induced following the onset of lactation.ConclusionThe present study reveals, that ER stress might be induced during the periparturient phase in the liver of dairy cows. We assume that the ER stress-induced UPR might contribute to the pathophysiologic conditions commonly observed in the liver of periparturient cows, such as the development of fatty liver, ketosis or inflammation.
Facilitating innovation in European research area through pre-competitive EU-funded COST Actions
Authors: Rakhmatullin Ruslan , Brennan Louis 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
The European Union (EU) Heads of States regularly confirm that knowledge and innovation are critical to Europe's growth and agreed to make the EU the most competitive knowledge-driven economy. The EU's ability to facilitate innovation by strengthening its research capacities is central to achieving this goal. Some EU initiatives under this innovation policy integrate research capacities already existing in individual states through pan-European participation in collaborative projects in science and technology. The EU is financing a number of formal pre-competitive networking programs aiming at a better deployment of existing national research capacities via their inclusion in joint research initiatives. Although there is a general consensus that increasing levels of collaboration amongst researchers produce better results, the issue of research networking and of related research outcomes continues to generate debate with a wide variety of views on what roles such programs play and their general implications for research and scientific performance. As the EU Framework Programme 7 is coming to its end, this paper explores whether such formal networking programs contribute to facilitating innovation in the European Research Area by enabling Science and Technology participants to achieve anticipated research outcomes from their involvement in such programs.
Dissemination of scientific software with Galaxy ToolShed
Authors: Blankenberg Daniel , Von Kuster Gregory , Bouvier Emil , Baker Dannon , Afgan Enis , Stoler Nicholas ,   Galaxy Team, Taylor James , Nekrutenko Anton 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThe proliferation of web-based integrative analysis frameworks has enabled users to perform complex analyses directly through the web. Unfortunately, it also revoked the freedom to easily select the most appropriate tools. To address this, we have developed Galaxy ToolShed.
“A Mission of Enormous Transcendence”: The Cultural Politics of Music During Colombia’s Liberal Republic, 1930-1946
Authors: Muñoz Catalina 
Published: February 2014

AbstractThis article examines the cultural programs developed by reformist intellectuals and artists working for the Colombian government during the period known as the Liberal Republic (1930-1946). It explores the implementation of two music programs in particular, the orfeones obreros and the murgas populares, with attention to both the political discourses from above and the everyday music practices from below. I show that, far from being inspired by common interest or nationalist sentiment alone, the ruling elites turned to cultural politics as an arena through which to define the relationship between the rulers and the ruled in a way that naturalized the former’s place in power. I argue that while music programs asserted the unity, horizontality, and inclusiveness of the nation by glorifying popular music, they also deepened the terms of exclusion they professed to level by essentializing the pueblo. However, this official celebration of popular culture, which rendered its practitioners archaic and passive repositories of the nation’s soul, was challenged by a very dynamic, effervescent, and transnationally open music landscape driven by the activities of creative grassroots musicians. Using data from the National Folkloric Survey of 1942, I explore the everyday music practices of popular sectors in different areas of the country and the challenge that these practices posed to elite definitions of popular music.
RAGE signaling deficiency in rhabdomyosarcoma cells causes upregulation of PAX7 and uncontrolled proliferation
Authors: Riuzzi Francesca , Sorci Guglielmo , Sagheddu Roberta , Sidoni Angelo , Alaggio Rita , Ninfo Vito , Donato Rosario 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACTEmbryonal rhabdomyosarcomas (ERMSs) show elevated levels of PAX7, a transcription factor that marks quiescent adult muscle stem (satellite) cells and is important for proliferation and survival of activated satellite cells and whose timely repression is required for myogenic differentiation. However, the mechanism of PAX7 accumulation in ERMSs and whether high PAX7 causes uncontrolled proliferation in ERMS remains to be elucidated. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE, encoded by AGER) transduces a myogenic and anti-proliferative signal in myoblasts, and stable transfection of the ERMS cell line TE671, which does not express RAGE, with AGER results in reduced proliferation and formation of tumor masses in vivo, and enhanced apoptosis and myogenic differentiation. Herein, we show that RAGE expression is low or absent in human ERMSs. We also show that in ERMS cells (1) PAX7 accumulates owing to absent or low RAGE signaling; (2) elevated PAX7 levels reduce RAGE expression and levels of MyoD and myogenin, muscle-specific transcription factors required for myoblast proliferation arrest and differentiation, respectively; (3) PAX7 supports myoblast proliferation by reducing the levels of MyoD, primarily by promoting its degradation; and (4), when ectopically expressed in ERMS cells, that RAGE upregulates myogenin which upregulates MyoD and downregulates PAX7, with consequent inhibition of proliferation and stimulation of differentiation. Thus, failure to express RAGE and, hence, MyoD and myogenin above a critical level in ERMS cells might result in deregulated PAX7 expression leading to uncontrolled proliferation and, potentially, to rhabdomyosarcomagenesis.
Centlein mediates an interaction between C-Nap1 and Cep68 to maintain centrosome cohesion
Authors: Fang Guoliang , Zhang Dachuan , Yin Huilong , Zheng Lu , Bi Xiaolin , Yuan Li 
Published: February 2014

ABSTRACT
Centrosome cohesion, mostly regarded as a proteinaceous linker between parental centrioles, ensures that the interphase centrosome(s) function as a single microtubule-organizing center. Impairment of centrosome cohesion leads to the splitting of centrosomes. Although the list of cohesion proteins is growing, the precise composition and regulation of centrosome cohesion are still largely unknown. In this study, we show that the centriolar protein centlein (also known as CNTLN) localizes to the proximal ends of the centrioles and directly interacts with both C-Nap1 (also known as Cep250) and Cep68. Moreover, centlein complexes with C-Nap1 and Cep68 at the proximal ends of centrioles during interphase and functions as a molecular link between C-Nap1 and Cep68. Depletion of centlein impairs recruitment of Cep68 to the centrosomes and, in turn, results in centrosome splitting. Both centlein and Cep68 are novel Nek2A substrates. Collectively, our data demonstrate that centrosome cohesion is maintained by the newly identified complex of C-Nap1–centlein–Cep68.
Kurahamide, a Cyclic Depsipeptide Analog of Dolastatin 13 from a Marine Cyanobacterial Assemblage of Lyngbya sp.
Authors: Iwasaki Arihiro , Sumimoto Shinpei , Ohno Osamu , Suda Shoichiro , Suenaga Kiyotake 
Published: February 2014

Abstract
Kurahamide, a new dolastatin 13 analog, was isolated from a marine cyanobacterial assemblage, consisting mostly of Lyngbya sp. Its gross structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, and the stereochemistries were assigned based on a chiral HPLC analysis of hydrolysis products. Kurahamide strongly inhibited elastase and chymotrypsin in vitro. In addition, kurahamide moderately inhibited the growth of human cancer cells, including HeLa and HL60 cells.
Reasons of School Reforming Success in Finland
Authors: ��������  , Danilova Larisa 
Published: February 2014

After announcement of PISA monitoring results for 2000 and 2003 the glory of European leader in the general education area has been strongly enshrined
for Finland. Its experience has being studied not only in EU. This country�s success is explained by a number of educational system organization
features, which have become a result of several school reforms. Some of features related to Finland school system�s reformatting processes in the 1960th,
which have become a basis of all further changes in education and caused high productivity of modern Finnish school are characterized in this paper.
The author analyzes principles of reforming, defines its prerequisites and factors explaining efficiency of transformations carrying out, pointing to Finnish
experience specifics, and draws a conclusion about these factors� importance for creation a scientific theory related to education reforming.
Pupae Transplantation to Boost Early Colony Growth in the Weaver Ant Oecophylla longinoda Latreille (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Ouagoussounon Issa , Sinzogan Antonio , Offenberg Joachim , Adandonon Appolinaire , Vayssières Jean-François , Kossou Dansou 
Published: February 2014

Oecophylla ants are currently used for biological control in fruit plantations in Australia, Asia and Africa and for protein production in Asia. To further improve the technology and implement it on a large scale, effective and fast production of live colonies is desirable. Early colony development may be artificially boosted via the use of multiple queens (pleometrosis) and/or by adoption of foreign pupae in developing colonies. In the present experiments, we tested if multiple queens and transplantation of pupae could boost growth in young Oecophylla longinoda colonies. Colonies with two queens artificially placed in the same nest, all perished due to queen fighting, suggesting that pleometrosis is not used by O. longinoda in Benin. In contrast, pupae transplantation resulted in highly increased growth rates, as pupae were readily adopted by the queens and showed high survival rates (mean = 92%). Within the 50-day experiment the total number of individuals in colonies with 50 and 100 pupae transplanted, increased with 169 and 387 %, respectively, compared to colonies receiving no pupae. This increase was both due to the individuals added in the form of pupae but also due to an increased per capita brood production by the resident queen, triggered by the adopted pupae. Thus pupae transplantation may be used to shorten the time it takes to produce weaver ant colonies in ant nurseries, and may in this way facilitate the implementation of weaver ant biocontrol in West Africa.