bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Texture Analysis in Differentiating Benign and Malignant Breast Masses: Comparison of Grayscale Ultrasound, Shear Wave Elastography, and Radiomic Features
Authors: Mannina Daniel , Kulkarni Ameya , van der Pol Christian B , Al Mazroui Reem , Abdullah Peri , Joshi Sayali , Alabousi Abdullah 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aims to determine which qualitative and quantitative US features are independently associated with malignancy, including those derived from grayscale imaging morphology, shear wave elastography (SWE), and texture analysis.

Methods
This single-center retrospective study was approved by the institutional research ethics board. Consecutive breast US studies performed between January and December 2020 were included. Images were acquired using a Canon Aplio i800 US unit (Canon Medical Systems, Inc., CA) and i18LX5 wideband linear matrix transducer. Grayscale US features, SWE mean, and median elasticity were obtained. Single representative grayscale images were analyzed using dedicated software (LIFEx, version 6.30). First-order and gray-level co-occurrence matrix second-order texture features were extracted. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess for predictors of malignancy (STATA v16.1).

Results
One hundred forty-seven cases with complete SWE data were selected for analysis (mean age 54.3, range 21-92). The following variables were found to be independently associated with malignancy: age (P &lt;.001), family history (P = .013), irregular mass shape (P = .024), and stiffness on SWE (mean SWE ≥40 kPa; P &lt;.001). Remaining variables (including texture features) were not found to be independently associated with malignancy (P &gt;.05).

Conclusion
US texture analysis features were not associated with malignancy independent of other qualitative and quantitative US characteristics currently utilized in clinical practice. This suggests texture analysis may not be warranted when differentiating benign and malignant breast masses on US. In contrast, irregular mass shape on grayscale imaging and increased stiffness on SWE were found to be independent predictors of malignancy.
Regulating embryo models in the UK
Authors: Jackson Emily 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
One of this century’s most dramatic scientific developments is the reprogramming of stem cells in order to create self-organizing embryo-like entities, known as stem cell based embryo models (SCBEMs). The science is moving very quickly, but if, as increasingly appears to be the case, scientists are capable of creating entities that are effectively indistinguishable from sperm and egg derived embryos, important legal questions arise. In countries like the UK, where a strict regulatory regime applies to research on embryos, should this be extended to SCBEM research, or would a different regulatory response be appropriate? Drawing on the 1984 Warnock Report, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 and the latest guidelines from the International Society for Stem Cell Research, this article considers principles for the regulation of the creation and use of SCBEMs.
Laundry-on-Air: Cultural Intimacy and the Transnational Circulation of Popular Culture
Authors: Abramson Yehonatan , Press-Barnathan Galia 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
TV shows and movies, as dominant forms of modern popular culture, often trigger domestic discussions, especially when dealing with sensitive and thorny issues in society. But what happens when these domestically-created cultural productions are globally circulated and consumed? In recent years, especially following the streaming revolution, there have been increasing numbers of national TV shows and films that are internationally distributed and broadcast. Focusing on the Israeli case, this article examines discursive responses to conflict-related TV shows and films that were created in Israel and are broadcast to an international audience. Situating these responses within International Relations constructivism and Social Psychology literature, we argue that the Israeli harsh and emotional response is a result of three dimensions related to these productions: (1) they deal with culturally intimate issues; (2) they expose Israeli vulnerabilities to outsiders; and (3) they are created by Israeli citizens, expected to align with group norms. In addition to bringing to the surface domestic identity debates, these internationally consumed cultural productions add another layer of ontological anxiety—the uncomfortable feeling associated with “airing the dirty laundry in public.”
Spin-related excited-state phenomena in photochemistry
Authors: Zhang Chuang , Ye Chen , Yao Jiannian , Wu Li-Zhu 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
The spin of electrons plays a vital role in chemical reactions and processes, and the excited state generated by the absorption of photons shows abundant spin-related phenomena. However, the importance of electron spin in photochemistry studies has been rarely mentioned or summarized. In this review, we briefly introduce the concept of spin photochemistry based on the spin multiplicity of the excited state, which leads to the observation of various spin-related photophysical properties and photochemical reactivities. Then, we focus on the recent advances in terms of light-induced magnetic properties, excited-state magneto-optical effects and spin-dependent photochemical reactions. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview to utilize the spin multiplicity of the excited state in manipulating the above photophysical and photochemical processes. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges in the emerging field of spin photochemistry and future opportunities such as smart magnetic materials, optical information technology and spin-enhanced photocatalysis.
A Retrospective Longitudinal Study of Refugees With Eosinophilia at an Academic Center in the United States From 2015 to 2020
Authors: Ding Ann , Osorio Marcela , Teferi Maranatha , Gallo Marin Benjamin , Cruz-Sánchez Margarita , Lorenz Matthew , Michelow Ian C 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Background
Refugees to the United States frequently have parasitic infections. If untreated, parasites can cause severe complications. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence, management, and outcomes of eosinophilia as a biomarker for parasites.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective longitudinal chart review of consecutive refugees attending 3 refugee clinics in Rhode Island that manage the health care of all pediatric and adult refugees.

Results
Among 812 refugees who met inclusion criteria, 147 (18.1%) had eosinophilia upon arrival and almost half had ≥1 symptom. The rates and severity of eosinophilia in those with predeparture presumptive treatment records who did (112/115, 97.4%) or did not (488/498, 98.0%) receive predeparture antiparasitic treatment were similar. All refugees with eosinophilia had ≥1 parasitic test in the United States. The most common attributable parasites were Schistosoma and Strongyloides stercoralis. Overall, parasites were detected in 63 (42.9%) of 147 refugees with eosinophilia by either stool testing, serology, or blood smear, but testing was inconsistent and likely underestimated true incidence. Only some of the identified parasites typically cause eosinophilia. Forty-five (30.6%) refugees with eosinophilia received antiparasitics in the United States. Of 81 (55.1%) individuals who had repeat blood tests, eosinophilia had resolved in 52 (64.2%). Five individuals (3.4%) had alternative diagnoses, including eczema, myelofibrosis, and drug allergy.

Conclusions
Our findings support Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations to screen for eosinophilia in newly arrived refugees. Follow-up after 3–6 months is critical to confirm resolution of residual eosinophilia, which frequently occurs after effective predeparture treatment or if eosinophilia persists, to diagnose active parasitic infections.
Glutamatergic signaling from melanin-concentrating hormone-producing neurons: A requirement for memory regulation, but not for metabolism control
Authors: Pham Xuan Thang , Abe Yoshifumi , Mukai Yasutaka , Ono Daisuke , Tanaka Kenji F , Ohmura Yu , Wake Hiroaki , Yamanaka Akihiro 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone-producing neurons (MCH neurons), found mainly in the lateral hypothalamus and surrounding areas, play essential roles in various brain functions, including sleep and wakefulness, reward, metabolism, learning, and memory. These neurons coexpress several neurotransmitters and act as glutamatergic neurons. The contribution of glutamate from MCH neurons to memory- and metabolism-related functions has not been fully investigated. In a mouse model, we conditionally knocked out Slc17a6 gene, which encodes for vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (vGlut2), in the MCH neurons exclusively by using two different methods: the Cre recombinase/loxP system and in vivo genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9. Then, we evaluated several aspects of memory and measured metabolic rates using indirect calorimetry. We found that mice with MCH neuron-exclusive vGlut2 ablation had higher discrimination ratios between novel and familiar stimuli for novel object recognition, object location, and three-chamber tests. In contrast, there was no significant change in body weight, food intake, oxygen consumption, respiratory quotient, or locomotor activity. These findings suggest that glutamatergic signaling from MCH neurons is required to regulate memory, but its role in regulating metabolic rate is negligible.
Behavioural Responses to Wealth Taxation: Evidence from Colombia
Authors: Londoño-Vélez Juliana , Ávila-Mahecha Javier 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We study behavioural responses to personal wealth taxes in Colombia. We utilise tax microdata from 1993 to 2016 linked with the leaked Panama Papers to investigate offshoring to the country’s key tax havens. We leverage variation from discrete jumps in tax liability and four major reforms to the wealth tax system, including changes in tax rates and duration, using bunching and difference-in-difference techniques. We find compelling evidence that taxpayers instantly reduce the wealth they declare in response to a wealth tax. Moreover, these effects can persist for years even after the wealth tax is no longer in place, providing the first evidence of a hysteresis effect for a temporary tax policy. The response is driven by misreporting items that authorities cannot cross-verify, such as overstating debt and understating non-third-party-reported business assets. Additionally, the wealthiest taxpayers respond to wealth tax increases by hiding assets in hard-to-track entities in tax havens.
Recipe for fatigue: sleep, work patterns, and well-being of galley workers on surface ships of the US Navy
Authors: Shattuck Nita Lewis , Matsangas Panagiotis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
The purpose of the study was to compare the fatigue levels, work/rest patterns, health-related behaviors, and well-being of galley workers with other sailors on US Navy ships while underway.

Methods
Analysis was based on a retrospective comparison of data from 3 fit-for-duty groups of sailors: 67 galley workers, 192 non-watchstanders, and 466 watchstanders. Participants completed questionnaires (Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], Insomnia Severity Index [ISI], Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI], and Profile of Mood States [POMS]) and activity logs, and wore actigraphs.

Results
Galley workers slept MD = 6.57 (IQR = 1.42) h/d and worked MD = 12.8 (IQR = 2.42) h/d. Approximately 84% of the galley workers were classified as poor sleepers, ~57% reported having excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and ~38% reported elevated insomnia symptoms. Compared to non-watchstanders, galley workers had worse scores on POMS (total mood disturbance, tension-anxiety, depression, anger-hostility, fatigue, and confusion-bewilderment), ESS, ISI, and PSQI. Compared to non-watchstanders, galley workers had a higher risk for symptoms of EDS (75%), symptoms of clinically relevant insomnia (126%), and for being classified as poor sleepers (27%). Galley workers slept less and worked on average 2 h/d more than non-watchstanders. Compared to watchstanders, galley workers had worse ESS, ISI, and anger-hostility scores. More watchstanders napped compared to galley workers.

Conclusions
Although they are considered day workers, the sleep patterns, fatigue levels, and mood of galley workers are comparable to, or worse than, watchstanders or other non-watchstanders. To ameliorate the effects of long work hours on sailor well-being, ship leadership should consider adopting strategies to improve galley workers’ well-being.
MISEV2023 provides an updated and key reference for researchers studying the basic biology and applications of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Upadhya Dinesh , Shetty Ashok K 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The recently published “Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles - 2023 (MISEV2023)” in the Journal of Extracellular Vesicles has provided practical solutions to the numerous challenges extracellular vesicles (EVs) researchers face. These guidelines are imperative for novice and experienced researchers and promote unity within the EV community. It is strongly recommended that laboratories working with EVs make MISEV2023 an essential handbook and that researchers actively promote these guidelines during laboratory meetings, journal clubs, seminars, workshops, and conferences. A collective effort from EV researchers is crucial to steer the progress of EV science in a positive direction.
Evaluation of a Novel Online Webinar for Health Care Practitioner Education on the Health Effects of Smoking Cannabis in the Airway
Authors: Hu Amanda , Deane Emily Catherine , Gill Simran , Lynn Brenna 
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
The rapid legalization of cannabis has led to a knowledge gap among health care practitioners (HCPs). This study aimed to evaluate a novel online webinar for HCP education on the health effects of smoking cannabis.

Methods:
An educational activity was developed by a multidisciplinary panel of experts. The webinar was recorded for on-demand viewing. A 10-item knowledge test was created by the multidisciplinary panel with content validity and was administered pre- and posteducational activity.

Results:
Six hundred seven HCPs participated. Pre- to posttest scores increased from 56.9% ± 23.9% to 63.5% ± 24.7% (P < .0001). The live group had a significantly higher improvement in scores (10.5% [7.1-13.8% 95% CI] (P < .0001)) than the on-demand group. In multivariable regression model, the following factors were associated with a greater improvement in scores: older age (P = .0074), physician occupation (P = .026), live mode of learning interacted with lower pretest score (P < .0001), and live mode of learning interacted with female gender (P = .001). Approximately three-quarters of participants rated the webinar as above average (44.8%) or outstanding (29.8%).

Discussion:
This novel online educational activity increased knowledge and awareness of the health effects of smoking cannabis in the airway among HCPs and engaged learners virtually during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Antenatal Noninvasive Fetal Electrocardiography: A Literature Review
Authors: Pegorie Claire , Liu Becky , Thilaganathan Basky , Bhide Amar 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFetal heart rate (FHR) monitoring is one of the central parts of obstetric care. Ultrasound-based technologies such as cardiotocography (CTG) remain the most common method for FHR monitoring. The CTG’s limitations, including subjective interpretation, high interobserver variability, and the need for skilled professionals, led to the development of computerized CTG (cCTG). While cCTG demonstrated advantages, its superiority over visual interpretation remains inconclusive. This has prompted the exploration of alternatives like noninvasive fetal electrocardiography (NIFECG). This review explores the landscape of antenatal FHR monitoring and the need for remote FHR monitoring in a patient-centered care model. Additionally, FHR monitoring needs to evolve from the traditional approach to incorporate artificial intelligence and machine learning. The review underscores the importance of aligning fetal monitoring with modern healthcare, leveraging artificial intelligence algorithms for accurate assessments, and enhancing patient engagement. The physiology of FHR variability (FHRV) is explained emphasizing its significance in assessing fetal well-being. Other measures of FHRV and their relevance are described. It delves into the promising realm of NIFECG, detailing its history and recent technological advancements. The potential advantages of NIFECG are objective FHR assessment, beat-to-beat variability, patient comfort, remote prolonged use, and less signal loss with increased maternal body mass index. Despite its promise, challenges such as signal loss must be addressed. The clinical application of NIFECG, its correlation with cCTG measures, and ongoing technological advancements are discussed. In conclusion, this review explores the evolution of antenatal FHR monitoring, emphasizing the potential of NIFECG in providing reliable, home-based monitoring solutions. Future research directions are outlined, urging longitudinal studies and evidence generation to establish NIFECG’s role in enhancing fetal well-being assessments during pregnancy.
The Omega Mastopexy Technique for the Correction of Breast Ptosis after Breast Implant Explantation
Authors: Bletsis Patrick P. , Lommen Etienne J.M.C.P. , van der Lei Berend 
Published: July 2024

Background:
The past few years have seen a 50% increase in breast implant explantations. Patients with ptotic breasts may desire mastopexy, although conventional techniques are often invasive. We describe our experience with the omega mastopexy technique after breast implant explantation and capsulectomy.

Methods:
In the past 2 years, 10 patients with breast Regnault classification ptosis grade I–III underwent the omega mastopexy technique following breast implant explantation and capsulectomy. A detailed description of our operating technique is provided.

Results:
This series includes a total of 10 patients. The median age was 48.5 (IQR 42.8–52.5), median body mass index 26 (23.8–28.3) and median implant volume 355 (IQR 325–375). Excellent and stable aesthetic results were achieved without recurring ptosis. One patient, an active smoker, underwent reexcision after 1 year due to hypertrophic scars. No complications have been reported until this date at 2 years follow-up.

Conclusions:
The omega mastopexy technique offers an excellent alternative to classic lifting techniques for ptotic breasts after breast implant explantation. Patients with increased risk of wound healing impairment are especially likely to benefit.
Liver stiffness progression in biopsy-proven metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic disease among people with diabetes versus people without diabetes: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Huang Daniel Q. , Wilson Laura A. , Behling Cynthia , Amangurbanova Maral , Kleiner David E. , Kowdley Kris V. , Dasarathy Srinivasan , Terrault Norah A. , Diehl Anna Mae , Chalasani Naga , Neuschwander-Tetri Brent A. , Sanyal Arun J. , Tonascia James , Loomba Rohit ,   for the NASH Clinical Research Network
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims:There are limited data on the progression of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) by vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) versus those without T2DM in biopsy-proven metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease. We examined LSM progression in participants with T2DM versus those without T2DM in a large, prospective, multicenter cohort study.Approach and Results:This study included 1231 adult participants (62% female) with biopsy-proven metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease who had VCTEs at least 1 year apart. LSM progression and regression were defined by a ≥20% increase and an upward or downward change, respectively, in the LSM category in the Baveno VII categories for compensated advanced chronic liver disease, compared between participants with T2DM (n = 680) versus no T2DM (n = 551) at baseline. The mean (±SD) age and body mass index were 51.8 (±12.0) years and 34.0 (±6.5) kg/m2, respectively. The median (IQR) time between the first and last VCTE measurements was 4.1 (2.5–6.5) years. Participants with T2DM had higher LSM progression at 4 years (12% vs. 10%), 6 years (23% vs. 16%), and 8 years (50% vs. 39%),p= 0.04. Using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for multiple confounders, the presence of T2DM remained an independent predictor of LSM progression (adjusted HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.01–1.81,p= 0.04). T2DM was not associated with LSM regression (p= 0.71). Mean HbA1c was significantly associated with LSM progression (p= 0.003) and regression (p= 0.02).Conclusions:Using serial VCTE data from a multicenter study of participants with biopsy-proven metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease, we demonstrate that T2DM and HbA1c are associated with LSM progression.
Acute kidney injury in severe alcohol-associated hepatitis treated with anakinra plus zinc or prednisone
Authors: Patidar Kavish R. , Tu Wanzhu , Cotter Thomas G. , Simonetto Douglas A. , Asgharpour Amon , Jan Muhammad Y. , Tang Qing , Yu Yunpeng , Li Yang , Taiwo Moyinoluwa , Thevkar Nagesh Prashanth , Dasarathy Srinivasan , Kamath Patrick S. , McClain Craig J. , Chalasani Naga , Szabo Gyongyi , Bataller Ramon , Mitchell Mack , Mehal Wajahat Z. , Nagy Laura E. , Shah Vijay H. , Gawrieh Samer , Sanyal Arun J. ,   for The AlcHepNet Investigators
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims:In a recent trial, patients with severe alcohol-associated hepatitis treated with anakinra plus zinc (A+Z) had lower survival and higher acute kidney injury (AKI) rates versus prednisone (PRED). We characterize the clinical factors and potential mechanisms associated with AKI development in that trial.Approach and Results:Data from 147 participants in a multicenter randomized clinical trial (74 A+Z, 73 PRED) were analyzed. AKI, AKI phenotypes, and kidney injury biomarkers were compared between participants who did/did not develop AKI in the 2 treatment arms. Multivariable competing risk analyses were performed to identify baseline risk factors for incident AKI, with death treated as a competing event. Risk factors considered were age, sex, mean arterial pressure, white blood cell count, albumin, MELD, ascites, HE, and treatment arm. At baseline, no participants had AKI; 33% (n=49) developed AKI during follow-up. AKI incidence was higher in A+Z than in PRED (45% [n=33] versus 22% [n=16],p=0.001). AKI phenotypes were similar between the 2 treatment arms (p=0.361), but peak AKI severity was greater in A+Z than PRED (stage 3 n=21 [63.6%] vs. n=8 [50.0%],p=0.035). At baseline, urine-neutrophil-gelatinase–associated lipocalin levels were similar between participants who developed AKI in both treatment arms (p=0.319). However, day 7 and 14 urine-neutrophil-gelatinase–associated lipocalin levels were significantly elevated in participants treated with A+Z who developed AKI versus participants treated with PRED who developed AKI (p=0.002 and 0.032, respectively). On multivariable competing risk analysis, only A+Z was independently associated with incident AKI (subdistribution hazard ratio 2.35,p=0.005).Conclusions:AKI occurred more frequently and was more severe in participants treated with A+Z. A+Z–treated participants with AKI had higher urine-neutrophil-gelatinase–associated lipocalin, suggesting that A+Z maybe nephrotoxic in patients with severe alcohol-associated hepatitis.