bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomic atolls of differentiation in coral reef fishes (Hypoplectrusspp.,Serranidae)
Authors: Puebla O. , Bermingham E. , McMillan W. O. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBecause the vast majority of species are well diverged, relatively little is known about the genomic architecture of speciation during the early stages of divergence. Species within recent evolutionary radiations are often minimally diverged from a genomic perspective, and therefore provide rare opportunities to address this question. Here, we leverage the hamlet radiation (Hypoplectrusspp., brightly coloured reef fishes from the tropical western Atlantic) to characterize genomic divergence during the early stages of speciation. Transect surveys and spawning observations in Belize, Honduras and Panama confirm that sympatric barred (H. puella), black (H. nigricans) and butter (H. unicolor) hamlets are phenotypically distinct and reproductively isolated, although hybrid spawnings and individuals with intermediate phenotypes are seen on rare occasions. A survey of approximately 100 000 restriction site‐associatedSNPs in 126 samples from the three species across the three replicate populations reveals extremely slight genomewide divergence among species (FST = 0.0038), indicating that ecomorphological differences and functional reproductive isolation are maintained in sympatry in a backdrop of extraordinary genomic similarity. Nonetheless, a very small proportion ofSNPs (0.05% on average) are identified asFSToutliers among sympatric species. Remarkably, a singleSNPis identified as an outlier in repeated populations for the same species pair. A minicontig assembledde novoaround thisSNPfalls into the genomic region containing theHoxCa10andHoxCa11genes in 10 teleost species, suggesting an important role forHoxgene evolution in this radiation. This finding, if confirmed, would provide a better understanding of the links between micro‐ and macroevolutionary processes.
Novel molecular approach demonstrates that turbid river plumes reduce predation mortality on larval fish
Authors: Carreon‐Martinez Lucia B. , Wellband Kyle W. , Johnson Timothy B. , Ludsin Stuart A. , Heath Daniel D. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractTurbidity associated with river plumes is known to affect the search ability of visual predators and thus can drive ‘top‐down’ impacts on prey populations in complex ecosystems; however, traditional quantification of predator–prey relationships (i.e. stomach content analysis) often fails with larval fish due to rapid digestion rates. Herein, we use novel molecular genetic methods to quantify larval yellow perch (YP) in predator stomachs in western Lake Erie to test the hypothesis that turbidity drives variation in larval predation. We characterize predator stomach contentDNAto first identifyYP DNA(single nucleotide polymorphism) and then quantify larvalYPpredation (microsatellite allele counting) in two river plumes differing in turbidity. Our results showed elevated larvalYPpredation in the less turbid river plume, consistent with a top‐down impact of turbidity on larval survival. Our analyses highlight novel ecological hypothesis testing using the power of innovative molecular genetic approaches.
Pseudomonas corrugata crpCDE is part of the cyclic lipopeptide corpeptin biosynthetic gene cluster and is involved in bacterial virulence in tomato and in hypersensitive response in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Strano Cinzia Patricia , Bella Patrizia , Licciardello Grazia , Fiore Alberto , Lo Piero Angela Roberta , Fogliano Vincenzo , Venturi Vittorio , Catara Vittoria 
Published: September 2014

SummaryPseudomonas corrugata CFBP 5454 produces two kinds of cyclic lipopeptides (CLPs), cormycin A and corpeptins, both of which possess surfactant, antimicrobial and phytotoxic activities. In this study, we identified genes coding for a putative non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase and an ABC‐type transport system involved in corpeptin production. These genes belong to the same transcriptional unit, designated crpCDE. The genetic organization of this locus is highly similar to other Pseudomonas CLP biosynthetic clusters. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) analysis revealed that transporter and synthetase genomic knock‐out mutants were unable to produce corpeptins, but continued to produce cormycin A. This suggests that CrpCDE is the only system involved in corpeptin production in P. corrugata CFBP 5454. In addition, phylogenetic analysis revealed that the CrpE ABC transporter clustered with the transporters of CLPs with a long peptide chain. Strains depleted in corpeptin production were significantly less virulent than the wild‐type strain when inoculated in tomato plants and induced only chlorosis when infiltrated into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Thus, corpeptins are important effectors of P. corrugata interaction with plants. Expression analysis revealed that crpC transcription occurs at high cell density. Two LuxR transcriptional regulators, PcoR and RfiA, have a pivotal role in crpC expression and thus in corpeptin production.
Comparing lung ultrasound with bioimpedance spectroscopy for evaluating hydration in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Paudel Klara , Kausik Tarun , Visser Annemarie , Ramballi Cheryl , Fan Stanley L 
Published: September 2014

AbstractBackgroundBioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS), ultrasound lung comets (ULC) and serum biomarkers (N‐terminal pro–brain natriuretic peptide, NT‐proBNP) have all been used to assist clinicians to determine hydration status in dialysis patients.MethodsWe performed simultaneous BIS, ULC and NT‐proBNP measurements in 27 peritoneal dialysis patients to determine the concordance of the three methods.ResultsPatients with evidence of increasing lung congestion (as determined by ultrasound) were more likely to be diabetic, have systolic hypertension and have higher NT‐proBNP (r = 0.65, P < 0.0005). Although there was a trend for patients with high ULC to be overhydrated as determined by BIS, this did not reach statistical significance. Moreover, the correlation between BIS and NT‐proBNP (though statistically significant at r = 0.47, P < 0.02) appeared to be weaker.ConclusionBIS and ULC may be complementary, providing different information, whereas BIS may be more specific to hydration. ULC and NT‐proBNP may indicate left ventricular failure coexisting with overhydration.
Pathogen‐inducedSGT1 ofArachis diogoiinduces cell death and enhanced disease resistance in tobacco and peanut
Authors: Kumar Dilip , Kirti Pulugurtha Bharadwaja 
Published: September 2014

SummaryWe have identified a transcript derived fragment (TDF) corresponding toSGT1in a study of differential gene expression on the resistant wild peanut,Arachis diogoi, upon challenge from the late leaf spot pathogen,Phaeoisariopsis personata, and cloned its full‐lengthcDNAfollowed by subsequent validation through q‐PCR. Sodium nitroprusside, salicylic acid, ethephon and methyl jasmonate induced the expression ofAdSGT1, while the treatment with abscisic acid did not elicit its up‐regulation. AdSGT1 is localized to both nucleus and cytoplasm. Its overexpression induced hypersensitive‐like cell death in tobacco under transient conditional expression using the estradiol system, and this conditional expression ofAdSGT1was also associated with the up‐regulation ofNtHSR203J,HMGRandHIN1, which have been shown to be associated with hypersensitive response in tobacco in earlier studies. Expression of thecDNAin a susceptible cultivated peanut variety enhanced its resistance against the late leaf spot pathogen,Phaeoisariopsis personata, while the heterologous expression in tobacco enhanced its resistance againstPhytophthora parasiticavar.nicotianae,Alternaria alternatavar.nicotianaeandRhizoctonia solani. Constitutive expression in peanut was associated with the co‐expression of resistance‐related genes, CC‐NB‐LRR and some protein kinases.
A Mimic of Self‐Healing Juvenile Cutaneous Mucinosis?
Authors: Williams Charles A. , Merkel Kimberly L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractA 14‐year‐old boy presented with a chronic history of atypical papular mucinosis consisting of multiple subcutaneous nodules and confluent papular skin lesions. He initially presented at age 2 years with the rapid onset of numerous subcutaneous nodular lesions that completely resolved over a period of years. Clinical and histologic evidence, together with his clinical course, were suggestive of self‐healing juvenile cutaneous mucinosis (SHJCM), but a few years later, during childhood, he experienced a recurrence of the subcutaneous nodules involving the limbs, trunk, and face, in addition to new findings of multiple flesh‐colored papules coalescing into plaques on his neck and back. Although his early childhood course and histologic picture were suggestive of SHJCM, the progressive nature of his disorder is not like that seen in SHJCM and appears different from other reported disorders involving cutaneous mucinosis.
Thin slices of infidelity: Determining whether observers can pick out cheaters from a video clip interaction and what tips them off
Authors: LAMBERT NATHANIEL M. , MULDER SETH , FINCHAM FRANK 
Published: September 2014

AbstractThe viability of using brief observations of behavior (thin slicing) to identify infidelity in romantic relationships was examined. Two studies supported the hypothesis that observers can accuratelsy identify people who are cheating on their romantic dating partner based on thin slices of observed behavior. In Study 1, raters were able to accurately identify people who were cheating on their romantic dating partner after viewing a short 3‐ to 4‐min video of the couple interacting. Study 2 replicated this finding and identified possible variables that may mediate the relation between coder's ratings and participants' actual reported infidelity. Commitment and trustworthiness were found to be mediators of this relation. These results are discussed in terms of application and future research.
Simultaneous registration of gnomonic projections and central perspectives
Authors: Barazzetti Luigi , Previtali Mattia , Scaioni Marco 
Published: September 2014

AbstractAn innovative methodology that combines central perspectives and panoramic gnomonic projections into an integrated bundle block adjustment is discussed. The use of both kinds of images generates metric products with a superior level of detail (image resolution) compared with conventional central perspectives alone, whilst achieving the accuracy of the latter. The entire methodology is intended as a low‐cost solution to improving the ground sampling distance over that achievable with single exposures by conventional modern terrestrial cameras. Very high‐resolution close‐range images can be automatically generated and oriented with a rigorous multi‐step procedure that integrates both types of images within a unified least squares adjustment. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed approach are analysed from both theoretical and practical points of view and illustrated through a series of examples.
Evaluation of structure from motion for soil microtopography measurement
Authors: Nouwakpo Sayjro K. , James Mike R. , Weltz Mark A. , Huang Chi‐Hua , Chagas Isis , Lima Luiz 
Published: September 2014

AbstractRecent developments in low‐cost structure‐from‐motion (SfM) technologies offer new opportunities for geoscientists to acquire high‐resolution soil microtopography data at a fraction of the cost of conventional techniques. However, these new methodologies often lack easily accessible error metrics and hence are difficult to evaluate. In this research, a framework was developed to evaluate a SfM approach for soil microtopography measurement through assessment of uncertainty sources and quantification of their potential impact on overall 3D reconstruction. Standard deviations of camera interior orientation parameters estimated from SfM self‐calibration within five different soil surface models were several orders of magnitude larger than precisions expected from pattern‐based camera calibration. Sensitivity analysis identified the principal point position as the dominant source of calibration‐induced uncertainty. Overall, surface elevation values estimated from both technologies were similar in magnitude with a root mean square (RMS) of elevation difference of 0·2 mm. Nevertheless, the presence of deformation in either SfM or traditional photogrammetric point clouds highlights the importance of quality assurance safeguards (such as a judicious choice of control points) in SfM workflows for soil microtopography applications.
Characterization ofPseudomonas syringaepv.actinidiae(Psa) isolated from France and assignment of Psa biovar 4 to ade novopathovar:Pseudomonas syringaepv.actinidifoliorumpv. nov.
Authors: Cunty A. , Poliakoff F. , Rivoal C. , Cesbron S. , Fischer‐Le Saux M. , Lemaire C. , Jacques M. A. , Manceau C. , Vanneste J. L. 
Published: September 2014

Since 2008, bacterial canker of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosaandA. chinensis) caused byPseudomonas syringaepv.actinidiae(Psa) has resulted in severe economic losses worldwide. Four biovars of Psa can be distinguished based on their biochemical, pathogenicity and molecular characteristics. Using a range of biochemical, molecular and pathogenicity assays, strains collected in France since the beginning of the outbreak in 2010 were found to be genotypically and phenotypically diverse, and to belong to biovar 3 or biovar 4. This is the first time that strains of biovar 4 have been isolated outside New Zealand or Australia. A multilocus sequence analysis based on four housekeeping genes (gapA,gltA,gyrBandrpoD) was performed on 72 strains representative of the French outbreak. All the strains fell into two phylogenetic groups: one clonal corresponding to biovar 3, and the other corresponding to biovar 4. This second phylogenetic group was polymorphic and could be divided into four lineages. A clonal genealogy performed with a coalescent approach did not reveal any common ancestor for the 72 Psa strains. Strains of biovar 4 are substantially different from those of the other biovars: they are less aggressive and cause only leaf spots whereas Psa biovars 1, 2 and 3 also cause canker and shoot die‐back. Because of these pathogenic differences, which were supported by phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic differences, it is proposed that Psa biovar 4 be renamedPseudomonas syringaepv.actinidifoliorumpv. nov. StrainCFBP8039 is designated as the pathotype strain.
The Growing Economic Presence of China in the Caribbean
Authors: Bernal Richard L. 
Published: September 2014

AbstractChina's economic presence in the Caribbean has grown significantly in the last decade. The growing economic presence of China in the Caribbean is evident in China's exports and development assistance to the region. Caribbean exports to China have not significantly increased; in fact, they declined during the period 2006–09. This is in contrast to the growth of exports from Latin America and the rest of the world and represents a missed opportunity for Caribbean exporters. The potential for further growth in economic relations between China and the Caribbean lies in trade including services, foreign investment and tourism. The pattern of trade, investment and development assistance in the Caribbean is very different from that in Latin America, and therefore it is misleading to conflate the two regions and draw an inference of similarity beyond very broad trends as is the case of the literature on the economic presence of China in Latin America. The contrast is vividly evident in the fact that China is now the largest trade partner of some Latin American countries but remains a small fraction of the Caribbean's trade.
Improved Generating Reliability of Mature Technology Gas Turbines for Supplying Critical Industrial and Commercial Loads for General Electric Company of Libya (GECOL)
Authors: Holland Howard W. , Fathulla Sally 
Published: September 2014

Contractors can add value for their clients when they effectively manage operating risks within their areas of core competence. General Electric Company of Libya (GECOL) had operated its mature gas turbine generating plants at maximum output with severely constrained maintenance budgets for years. GECOL prolonged operation of many of its facilities supplying critical industrial and commercial loads until material failures shut them down. In addition, facilities under construction suffered from a lack of technical due diligence and quality assurance scrutiny.
This paper covers the loss-of-load risk management techniques recommended following a Willbros assessment of GECOL’s major combustion turbine generating facilities. The assessment was completed immediately prior to the recent regime change and resulted in recommended strategies for managing new construction and outage work under existing maintenance budget constraints. Plants assessed included Zawia, Khoms, Tripoli South, Western Mountain, Benghazi North and Zewitena.
Experimental Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Online Water-Washing in Gas Turbine Compressors
Authors: Brun Klaus , Foiles William C. , Grimley Terrence A. , Kurz Rainer 
Published: September 2014

An investigation of the effectiveness of online combustion turbine axial compressor washing using various purity grade waters and commercial washing detergents was performed. For this project, blade surface fouling dirt was obtained from gas turbine axial compressor blades installed at various field sites. The dirt was analyzed to determine the composition and consistency of typical blade surface fouling materials. A representative dirt formula and blade coating procedure was developed so that comparative tests could be performed using various cleaning fluids. Dirt coated blades were installed in a wind tunnel capable of simulating compressor operating conditions. A spray nozzle upstream of the blade test section was used for washing blades with five different test liquids to determine the effectiveness or advantages of any liquid. Once this testing was completed, a similar test setup was then utilized to inject a mixture of formulated fouling dirt and the various online cleaning liquids upstream of the blade into the wind tunnel to assess redeposit characteristics. The effect of high-purity water versus regular water on fouling dirt was also studied in separate residue experiments. Results indicate that spraying cleaning fluid into a flowing air stream is a viable means of cleaning a compressor blade. Each of the fluids was able to clean the test blade at both low and high air velocities and at different blade incident angles. Within the parameters/fluids tested, the results indicate that:
1. The blade cleaning is primarily a mechanical function and does not depend on the type of fluid used for cleaning. The results showed that most of the cleaning occurs shortly after the cleaning fluid is introduced into the flow stream.
2. Dirt removed from the blades may redeposit in other areas as the cleaning fluid is evaporated. Redeposit occurred in flow recirculation zones during the cleaning tests, and heated flow tests demonstrated dirt deposit in the presence of a cleaning fluid. In addition, the type of fluid used for cleaning has no effect on the redeposit characteristics of the dirt.
3. Blade erosion was not found to be a significant issue for the short durations that online water-washing was performed. However, uncontrolled water-washing (or overspray) for extended periods of time did result in measureable leading and trailing edge blade erosions.
Casing Pressure Measurements and Numerical Simulations of a 1.5 Stage Axial Compressor: Tip Leakage Flow and Rotating Instability
Authors: Wang Hao , Wu Yadong , Ouyang Hua , Tian Jie , Du Zhaohui 
Published: September 2014

Experimental and numerical investigations on the unsteady casing flow field in a one-and-half stage low speed axial compressor have been carried out. By using fast response pressure transducers instrumented on the rotor casing, the pressure time series were acquired at different operation points from throttle wide open to near-stall operation point. The pseudo-spatial pressure contours, phase-locked averaged and root-mean-square pressure contours and power spectrums of unsteady pressure signal have been achieved. The CFD simulations were conducted to help understanding the features of tip leakage vortex.
The rotating instability has been detected throughout an operation range from small flow rate point to near stall point. The frequency characteristic of rotating instability according flow rate was discussed. Based on the pattern of RIF varying with flow rate, the developing process of rotating instability according to flow rate could be divided into two stages, referred as early-developing stage and fully-developed stage. By analyzing the correlation between rotating instability and casing flow field, it was discovered that the origination and development of rotating instability was closely related to the fluctuation induced by tip leakage vortex.
Analytical and Numerical Evaluation of the Axial Stress Distribution of Two Soft-Packed Stuffing-Box Configurations
Authors: Kazeminia Mehdi , Bouzid Abdel-Hakim 
Published: September 2014

Stuffing-box packed valves which confine high-pressure fluids are often subjected to leakage failure. The lack of a design procedure and the vulnerability of packing ring sealing materials to withstand different operating conditions are the root cause of the problem. The sealing performance of valves with packed stuffing-box depends on the ability of the assembly to maintain a minimum threshold contact pressure between the packing and the stem and the packing and the housing throughout service operation. The distribution of the contact stresses in the packing materials is a key parameter to efficient sealing performance.
This study presents a contact stress modeling study of two different design configurations that are helpful to produce a uniform distribution of the contact stress. The first model is based on the introduction of a variable gap between the packing and the side walls. The second model is based on a multistage loading of the packing rings. The two developed analytical models are validated by comparison with the numerical simulation using FE method and the results show a good agreement. The two design configurations can be used to improve valve sealing performance.