bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Old Samples of Cannabis sativa L.
Authors: Der Marderosian AH , Murthy SNS 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Relatively few phytochemical studies have been conducted on very old samples of Cannabis sativa L., particularly leaf and stem material [1–4]. At least one article [5] has shown that the fluid extract of marihuana is stable for as long as 40 years. A more recent article [6] reports on the stability of cannabinoids in stored plant material at different temperatures.
The Identification of Cut Multistranded Wires
Authors: Ogle RR , Mitosinka GT 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The theft of electrical equipment often involves the cutting of attached wires to expedite removal of the equipment. This situation presents the investigator with the problem of determining that wire segments attached to stolen articles were at one time joined to wire segments at the site of the theft. The usual approach taken by the forensic scientist is to effect an identification by demonstrating a physical match between the cut ends of the wire segments. Other methods utilized to compare cut wire segments include quantitative comparison of trace elements by neutron activation analysis [1,2] and by emission spectrography [3].
A Radioimmunoassay Technique for Digoxin in Postmortem Blood
Authors: Phillips AP 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
In spite of the availability of purified digitalis fractions such as digoxin, treatment of congestive heart failure and arrhythmias with cardiac glycosides is attended by considerable risk of toxicity and even death. Beller et al [1] estimate that toxicity results in 8–20 percent of hospital patients taking digoxin, with a subsequent mortality of 7–50 percent. The development of a radioimmunoassay sufficiently sensitive to quantitate digoxin in serum or plasma during therapy [2] might be expected to improve the control of therapy in patients with absorption or excretion abnormalities, and Smith and Haber [3] reported that more than 85 percent of toxic cases could be distinguished from nontoxic ones by the plasma digoxin concentrations. However, more recently, Fogelman et al [4] found little increase in plasma digoxin in toxicity; mean plasma concentrations were 1.69 ± 1.29, 1.61 ± 0.79, and 1.41 ± 1.09 ng/ml in groups classified as toxic, possibly toxic, and nontoxic. The extensive overlap of the digoxin concentrations in these three groups suggests that sensitivity to digoxin is the main factor in determining the onset of toxicity.
Identification of Arson Accelerants by Gas Chromatographic Patterns Produced by a Digital Log Electrometer
Authors: Chisum WJ , Elzerman TR 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
The identification and comparison of accelerants is a problem which confronts the criminalist during the examination of evidence from suspected arson cases. The most common accelerants encountered in the investigation of arson are liquid hydrocarbons. The identification of these materials is complicated by the fact that they are not single chemical entities but complex mixtures of hundreds of different hydrocarbons.
Students’ Perceptions on Professional Competence of Lecturers at the Department of Arabic Education, Faculty of Islamic Education and Teacher Training, State Institute for Islamic Studies IB Padang
Authors: Rehani Rehani 
Published: July 2015

This research examines students’ perception on professional competence of Arabic education department lecturers. It seeks to answer questions whether or not educational background, level of education, age, and gender correlate with lecturers’ professional competent. In this study, students are asked to answer questions on their lecturers’ 1) mastery of subject matters, 2) pedagogical knowledge, 3) attitudes, 4) discipline, 5) clarity on the assessment procedure, 6) the use of teaching media and students’ learning achievement. The findings of the study suggest that over 50% of students perceive their lecturers (those who teach in department of Arabic Education) are qualified enough to carry out their professional responsibilities. The research also uncovers that lecturers’ background education, such as between those who graduated from local and overseas universities, does not show any significant difference in their ways of classroom practices. However, the research found that level of education indeed influences lecturer’s ways of teaching, especially on the aspects that become the focus of this research. In addition, age does not show much different but in some instances, senior lecturers are more capable at pedagogical content knowledge, assessment, and better of in term of the attitude. Finally, this research also found that gender difference does make difference. Female lecturers, for example are found to be better in all aspects measured for this study. Copyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved
Spectroscopic Characterization of Flame-Generated 2-D Carbon Nano-Disks
Authors: Minutolo Patrizia , Commodo Mario , De Falco Gianluigi , Larciprete Rosanna , D'Anna Andrea 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTIn this work we produce atomically thin carbon nanostructures which have a disk-like shape when deposited on a substrate. These nanostructures have intermediate characteristics between a graphene island and a molecular compound and have the potentiality to be used either as they are, or to become building blocks for functional materials or to be manipulated and engineered into composite layered structures.The carbon nanostructures are produced in a premixed ethylene/air flame with a slight excess of fuel with respect to the stoichiometric value. The size distribution of the produced compounds in aerosol phase has been measured on line by means of a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and topographic images of the structures deposited on mica disks were obtained by Atomic Force Microscopy. Raman spectroscopy and XPS have been used to characterize their structure and the electronic and optical properties were obtained combining on-line photoionization measurements with Cyclic Voltammetry, light absorption and photoluminescence.When deposited on the mica substrate the carbon compounds assume the shape of an atomically thin disk with in plane diameter of about 20 nm. Carbon nano-disks consist of a network of small aromatic island with in plane length, La, of about 1 nm. Raman spectra evidence a significant amount of disorder which is in a large part due to the quantum confinement in the aromatic islands. Nano-disks contain small percentage of sp3 and the O/C ratio is lower than 6%. They furthermore present interesting UV and visible photoluminescence properties.
Allele frequencies of AVPR1A and MAOA in the Afrikaner population
Authors: Erasmus J. Christoff , Klingenberg Anton , Greeff Jaco M. 
Published: July 2015

The Afrikaner population was founded mainly by European immigrants that arrived in South Africa from 1652. However, female slaves from Asia and Africa and local KhoeSan women may have contributed as much as 7% to this population’s genes. We quantified variation at two tandem repeats to see if this historical founder effect and/or admixture could be detected. The two loci were chosen because they are in the promoters of genes of neurotransmitters that are known to be correlated with social behaviour. Specifically, arginine vasopressin receptor 1A’s (AVPR1A) RS3 locus has been shown to correlate with age of sexual onset and happiness in monogamous relationships while the tandem repeat in the promoter of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene correlates with reactive aggression. The Afrikaner population contained more AVPR1A RS3 alleles than other Caucasoid populations, potentially reflecting a history of admixture. Even though Afrikaners have one of the lowest recorded non-paternity rates in the world, the population did not differ at AVPR1A RS3 locus form other European populations, suggesting a non-genetic explanation, presumably religion, for the low non-paternity rate. By comparing population allele-frequency spectra it was found that different studies have confused AVPR1A RS3 alleles and we make some suggestions to rectify these mistakes in future studies. While MAOA allele frequencies differed between racial groups, the Afrikaner population showed no evidence of admixture. In fact, Afrikaners had more 4-repeat alleles than other populations of European origin, not fewer. The 4-repeat allele may have been selected for during colonisation.
ERT and GPR survey of collapsed paleocave systems at the western border of the Potiguar Basin in northeast Brazil
Authors: dos Reis Júnior João Andrade , de Castro David Lopes , Casas Albert , Himi Mahjoub , Lima‐Filho Francisco Pinheiro 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTCollapsed paleocave systems are carbonate reservoirs with high internal spatial complexity that are the result of several stages of karst processes. Paleocave‐related reservoirs can be spread over large areas with significant thicknesses that are favourable for hydrocarbon exploration. Nevertheless, few studies have provided a detailed understanding of the strong lateral heterogeneity of these reservoirs and their complex karst‐controlled development using modern karst terrain analogues. To elucidate this issue, the internal architecture of a collapsed paleocave system has been mapped accurately at the western border of the Potiguar Basin in Northeastern Brazil. The collapsed paleocaves outcrop in an escarpment that delimits the carbonate platform from the transgressive phase of the basin. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) sections were acquired parallel and perpendicular to a road cut and served to parameterize the geophysical signatures of the collapsed paleocaves and the host rocks. The collapsed paleocaves were mapped by identifying high‐resistivity zones and high‐amplitude ground‐penetrating radar reflectors. In contrast, the host rocks are marked by low to intermediate resistivity and ground‐penetrating radar reflections that range from low amplitude to almost transparent. The resistivity data and the ground‐penetrating radar attribute of the root‐square energy enabled the mapping of the complex spatial distribution of the collapsed paleocaves system. At depths of approximately 20 m, the paleocaves are more spread out and eventually become isolated while sometimes being connected vertically through shafts. However, at shallower levels, the paleocaves are interconnected by ducts or coalesce into a system of paleocaves that are hundreds of metres long over an area of 12000 m2. The results of the study show the detailed internal geometry of this paleocave system at a subseismic scale, which enables the identification of the connectivity pattern among these karst features and the porosity and total volume of the reservoir. This system could serve as an outcrop analogue for other collapsed paleocave carbonate reservoirs worldwide.
Pavel Haas: “Janáček’s Most Talented Student”
Authors: Spurný Lubomír 
Published: July 2015

In the course of the 1920s and 30s Pavel Haas (1899–1944) earned a reputation for himself in broader cultural consciousness as an original composer and Janáček’s “most talented student”. In the specific context of Czech music he likewise has the reputation of an innovator but is considered to have been strongly rooted in tradition as well.
Quantitative analysis of forest fire extinction efficiency
Authors: Castillo Soto Miguel E. , Rodriguez y Silva Francisco 
Published: July 2015

Aim of study: Evaluate the economic extinction efficiency of forest fires, based on the study of fire combat undertaken by aerial and terrestrial means.Area of study, materials and methods: Approximately 112,000 hectares in Chile. Records of 5,876 forest fires that occurred between 1998 and 2009 were analyzed. The area further provides a validation sector for results, by incorporating databases for the years 2010 and 2012. The criteria used for measuring extinction efficiency were economic value of forestry resources, Contraction Factor analysis and definition of the extinction costs function.Main results: It is possible to establish a relationship between burnt area, extinction costs and economic losses. The method proposed may be used and adapted to other fire situations, requiring unit costs for aerial and terrestrial operations, economic value of the property to be protected and speed attributes of fire spread in free advance.Research highlights: The determination of extinction efficiency in containment works of forest fires and potential projection of losses, different types of plant fuel and local conditions favoring the spread of fire broaden the admissible ranges of a, φ and Ce considerably.Keywords: Forest fire; Combat efficiency; Productivity analysis.Abbreviations: FCS; Superficial Contraction Factor.
Co-Creation as a Twenty-First Century Archaeology Museum Practice
Authors: Connolly Robert 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper evaluates attempts over the past seven years to address two archaeological challenges at the C.H. Nash Museum at Chucalissa. The first challenge was the proper curation of 50 years of accumulated collections from a wide array of sources by a staff one-third the size of when the collections were acquired. Second, the Museum faced the challenge of becoming a viable and socially relevant public institution in the twenty-first century. Ultimately, the C.H. Nash Museum embraced a co-creative approach to face the challenges. Co-creative processes resulted in a renewed and expanded base for public engagement, allowing the Museum to maximize the potential for preservation, research accessibility, and the exhibition of cultural materials curated at the institution.
Using Simulation-Based Medical Education to Meet the Competency Requirements for the Single Accreditation System
Authors: Riley Bernadette 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Simulation-based medical education can provide medical training in a nonjudgmental, patient-safe, and effective environment. Although simulation has been a relatively new addition to medical education, the aeronautical, judicial, and military fields have used simulation training for hundreds of years, with positive outcomes. Simulation-based medical education can be used in a variety of settings, such as hospitals, outpatient clinics, medical schools, and simulation training centers. As the author describes in the present article, residencies currently accredited by the American Osteopathic Association can use a simulation-based medical education curriculum to meet training requirements of the 6 competencies identified by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. The author also provides specific guidance on providing training and assessment in the professionalism competency.
Role Modeling in the First 2 Years of Medical School
Authors: Obadia Sharon J. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Role modeling opportunities for osteopathic physician teachers during a student’s first 2 years of medical school are emerging as more colleges of osteopathic medicine strive to connect basic science didactics with clinically based learning activities. Examples of positive modeling by physician teachers during the first years of medical school are illustrated by 10 vignettes that can be incorporated into faculty development programs to increase awareness of such opportunities. The physician teacher in each vignette interacts with the student demonstrating desired professional behaviors. These vignettes also illustrate the effect of a positive “hidden curriculum” on a student’s professional development. By recognizing these valuable teachable moments, teachers can incorporate role modeling into their daily practice.
Outcomes of primary refractory multiple myeloma and the impact of novel therapies
Authors: Majithia Neil , Vincent Rajkumar S. , Lacy Martha Q. , Buadi Francis K. , Dispenzieri Angela , Gertz Morie A. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Dingli David , Kapoor Prashant , Hwa Lisa , Lust John A. , Russell Stephen J. , Go Ronald S. , Kyle Robert A. , Kumar Shaji K. 
Published: July 2015

Over the past decade, use of novel agents, including immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) and proteasome inhibitors (PIs) has resulted in high response rates and improvement in overall survival (OS) for patients with multiple myeloma (MM); however, the prognostic significance of refractoriness to these agents when used as initial therapy has not been extensively studied. We reviewed the outcomes of 816 consecutive patients treated for MM at our institution since 2006 to evaluate the survival difference between those achieving at least a partial response (PR) to induction therapy and those who were primary refractory. The median OS from start of therapy was significantly shorter for the primary refractory group at 3.6 vs. 7.6 years for the responding patients (P < 0.001). The difference in median OS persisted when only patients receiving a novel agent as part of induction therapy were considered (3.6 vs. 7.9 years, P < 0.001) and in a 4‐month landmark analysis (4.2 vs. 7.6 years, P < 0.001). The median OS for patients achieving a complete response (CR), very good partial response (VGPR), PR, or less than PR was not reached (NR), 6.1, 6.4, and 4.2 years from the 4‐month landmark, respectively (P < 0.001). The comparatively poor outcomes of patients refractory to induction therapy in the current era of novel agents suggests that this high‐risk subpopulation must be further studied for predictors of resistance and, when identified, should be targeted for clinical trials. Am. J. Hematol. 90:981–985, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Top‐down conservation targets and bottom‐up management action: creating complementary feedbacks for freshwater conservation
Authors: Roux Dirk J. , Nel Jeanne L. , Fisher Ruth‐Mary , Barendse Jaco 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Conservation targets are useful policy tools, indicating a degree of political intent and allowing purposeful conservation planning. However, target setting and implementation often occur at different scales. A largely unmet challenge is to establish mutual feedbacks between national‐scale target setting and local‐scale ecological realities and management actions.
Freshwater conservation in South Africa has been advanced through the participatory setting of a freshwater conservation target (20% of each freshwater ecosystem type). This paper presents the response of a conservation agency, South African National Parks, to achieving the national target. In a first step, achievement of the national target was contextualized within the agency's mandate to conserve biodiversity through 19 National Parks. In the second step, information was scaled down further to reflect the relative contribution of an individual park (Tankwa‐Karoo National Park) to freshwater conservation in South Africa.
At agency level, national‐scale data translated into several recommendations to influence the future expansion and design of protected areas, helped to articulate key messages regarding the organization's contribution to meeting national targets, and triggered the development of strategic objectives to promote in‐house capacity for effective freshwater conservation. Park‐level application of national‐scale data informed recommendations for management, research and monitoring. At the same time, local‐scale survey data highlighted deficiencies in the national data layers.
Establishing feedbacks between top‐down setting of conservation targets and bottom‐up implementing of management actions is desirable and possible, but also intricate. To promote the establishment of such feedbacks, four generic insights are drawn from this case study: top‐down targets and bioregional‐scale biodiversity data have enabling utility; effective feedbacks can only be realized through systemic conservation governance; social factors are at least as important as technical advances; national‐scale maps are not necessarily accurate but can still be used to facilitate co‐learning and dynamic refinement.
Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk of disability pension in patients following rectal cancer treatment and surgery
Authors: Chen L , Glimelius I , Neovius M , Eloranta S , Ekberg S , Martling A , Smedby K E 
Published: July 2015

Abstract

Background
Aspects of survivorship, such as long-term ability to work, are increasingly relevant owing to the improved survival of patients with rectal cancer. The aim of this study was to assess risk and determinants of disability pension (DP) in this patient group.

Methods
Using Swedish national clinical and population-based registers, patients with stage I–III rectal cancer aged 18–61 years in 1995–2009 were identified at diagnosis and matched with population comparators. Prospectively registered records of DP during follow-up were retrieved up to 2013. Non-proportional and proportional hazards models were used to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) for DP annually and overall. Potential variations in risk by demographic and clinical factors were calculated, with relapse as a time-varying exposure.

Results
A total of 2815 patients were identified and compared with 13 465 population comparators. During a median follow-up of 6·0 (range 0–10) years, 23·3 per cent of the relapse-free patients and 10·3 per cent of the population comparators received DP (IRR 2·40, 95 per cent c.i. 2·17 to 2·65). An increased annual risk of DP was evident almost every year until the tenth year of follow-up. Abdominoperineal resection was associated with an increased DP risk compared with anterior resection (IRR 1·44, 1·19 to 1·75). Surgical complications (IRR 1·33, 1·10 to 1·62) and reoperation (IRR 1·42, 1·09 to 1·84), but not radiotherapy or chemotherapy, were associated with risk of DP.

Conclusion
Relapse-free patients with rectal cancer of working age are at risk of disability pension.
Presynaptic size of associational/commissural CA3 synapses is controlled by fibroblast growth factor 22 in adult mice
Authors: Pasaoglu Taliha , Schikorski Thomas 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTAssociational/commissural CA3–CA3 synapses define the recurrent CA3 network that generates the input to CA1 pyramidal neurons. We quantified the fine structure of excitatory synapses in the stratum radiatum of the CA3d area in adult wild type (WT) and fibroblast growth factor 22 knock‐out (FGF22KO) mice by using serial 3D electron microscopy. WT excitatory CA3 synapses are rather small yet range 10 fold in size. Spine size, however, was small and uniform and did not correlate with the size of the synaptic junction. To reveal mechanisms that regulate presynaptic structure, we investigated the role of FGF22, a target‐derived signal specific for the distal part of area CA3 (CA3d). In adult FGF22KO mice, postsynaptic properties of associational CA3 synapses were unaltered. Presynaptically, the number of synaptic vesicles (SVs), the bouton volume, and the number of vesicles in axonal regions (the super pool) were reduced. This concurrent decrease suggests concerted control by FGF22 of presynaptic size. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that WT presynapses in the proximal part of area CA3 (CA3p) that do not receive FGF22 signaling in WT mice were smaller than presynapses in CA3d in WT but of comparable size in CA3d of FGF22KO mice. Docked SV density was decreased in CA1, CA3d, and CA3p in FGF22KO mice. Because CA1 and CA3p are not directly affected by the loss of FGF22, the smaller docked SV density may be an adaptation to activity changes in the CA3 network. Thus, docked SV density potentially is a long‐term regulator for the synaptic release probability and/or the strength of short‐term depression in vivo. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.