bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nerve Theory and Sensibility: ‘Delicacy’ in the Work of Fanny Burney
Authors: Crouch Eleanor C. L. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractFusing literary studies with the history of medicine and the history of ideas, from the late 1960s George Rousseau, John Mullan, John Dussinger and others have sought to emphasise the importance of nerve theory in providing a physiological underpinning to the eighteenth‐century cult of sensibility. Trawling the treatises of eighteenth‐century physicians, they documented a category known as ‘nervous distempers’, what we might today call ‘psychosomatic illness’. Through the late twentieth century, the results of these surveys were applied to novels of sensibility, providing a new lens for the exploration of Samuel Richardson's, Laurence Sterne's and William Godwin's characterisation. This article suggests that the same methodology is useful in illuminating the novels of the writer, Fanny Burney (1752–1840). It explores Burney's assimilation of nerve theory, with particular attention to the nervous constitutions she attributes to male and female characters in her novels. Weak or delicate nerves are shown to be characterised by Burney as both a hindrance and a help and as operating differently between the genders. It is argued that Burney uses nerve theory in a sophisticated way, linking her characters' medical constitutions with their social behaviour by use of the word ‘delicate’. It is shown that in Burney's work, characters with ‘delicate’ nerves are more at risk of disorders commonly regarded in the eighteenth century as nervous, such as fainting and apoplexies, but are also those most likely to exhibit a benevolent generosity to others. It is concluded that Burney uses delicate nerves as a marker for non‐gender‐specific intellectualism and sensitivity.
Charlotte Malkin's Waterloo Diary and the Politics of Waterloo Tourism
Authors: Matthews Susan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThis essay examines an unpublished journal account of a family visit to the Waterloo battlefield in July 1816. The aim of the essay is to explore the role of educated women in constructing and circulating ideas about patriotism, sentiment and politics. Charlotte Malkin (1772–1859) moved in dissenting circles in the 1790s that included Godwin, Barbauld, Fuseli and Blake. Her Waterloo diary reflects the anti‐war sentiment evident in Barbauld's ‘Eighteen Hundred and Eleven’ as well as a culture of post‐war patriotism. Her husband had written supportively about Wollstonecraft's 1792 Vindication, and like Wollstonecraft in 1796, Malkin discusses politics and propriety as well as meditating on the power of sublime landscape. Malkin's journal also throws light on the private work of mourning that women of her circle saw as part of the project of forming and reshaping a renovated national culture and makes clear the extent to which unpublished writing forms a continuum with and comments on published work.
The genome of African yam (Dioscorea cayenensis‐rotundata complex) hosts endogenous sequences from four distinct badnavirus species
Authors: Umber Marie , Filloux Denis , Muller Emmanuelle , Laboureau Nathalie , Galzi Serge , Roumagnac Philippe , Iskra‐Caruana Marie‐Line , Pavis Claudie , Teycheney Pierre‐Yves , Seal Susan E. 
Published: March 2014

SummarySeveral endogenous viral elements (EVEs) have been identified in plant genomes, including endogenous pararetroviruses (EPRVs). Here, we report the first characterization of EPRV sequences in the genome of African yam of the Dioscorea cayenensis‐rotundata complex. We propose that these sequences should be termed ‘endogenous Dioscorea bacilliform viruses' (eDBVs). Molecular characterization of eDBVs shows that they constitute sequences originating from various parts of badnavirus genomes, resulting in a mosaic structure that is typical of most EPRVs characterized to date. Using complementary molecular approaches, we show that eDBVs belong to at least four distinct Badnavirus species, indicating multiple, independent, endogenization events. Phylogenetic analyses of eDBVs support and enrich the current taxonomy of yam badnaviruses and lead to the characterization of a new Badnavirus species in yam. The impact of eDBVs on diagnosis, yam germplasm conservation and movement, and breeding is discussed.
Fatal breakthrough infection with Fusarium andiyazi: new multi‐resistant aetiological agent cross‐reacting with Aspergillus galactomannan enzyme immunoassay
Authors: Kebabcı Nesrin , van Diepeningen Anne D. , Ener Beyza , Ersal Tuba , Meijer Martin , Al‐Hatmi Abdullah M.S. , Özkocaman Vildan , Ursavaş Ahmet , Çetinoğlu Ezgi D. , Akalın Halis 
Published: March 2014

SummaryDisseminated infections caused by members of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) occur regularly in immunocompromised patients. Here, we present the first human case caused by FFSC‐member Fusarium andiyazi. Fever, respiratory symptoms and abnormal computerised tomography findings developed in a 65‐year‐old man with acute myelogenous leukaemia who was under posaconazole prophylaxis during his remission–induction chemotherapy. During the course of infection, two consecutive blood galactomannan values were found to be positive, and two blood cultures yielded strains resembling Fusarium species, according to morphological appearance. The aetiological agent proved to be F. andiyazi based on multilocus sequence typing. The sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region did not resolve the closely related members of the FFSC, but additional data on partial sequence of transcription elongation factor 1 alpha subunit did. A detailed morphological study confirmed the identification of F. andiyazi, which had previously only been reported as a plant pathogen affecting various food crops.
Selective influence of host microbiota on cAMP‐mediated ion transport in mouse colon
Authors: Lomasney K. W. , Houston A. , Shanahan F. , Dinan T. G. , Cryan J. F. , Hyland N. P. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractMore microbes are resident in the distal colon than any other part of the body, and this microbiota has the capacity to influence enteric nerve development, excitability, and gastrointestinal function. Germ‐free (GF) mice are a valuable tool in interrogating the communication between microbiota and host. Despite the intimate relationship which exists between the microbiota and the colonic mucosa–submucosa, there is a paucity of studies examining the influence of the microbiota on secretogogue‐evoked responses. To this end, we investigated both epithelial and neural‐evoked ion transport, and the response elicited by two commensal organisms, in colonic mucosa–submucosa preparations from GF mice in Ussing chambers. Baseline electrical parameters, short‐circuit current and transepithelial resistance, were comparable between tissues from GF and conventional animals. Noteworthy, however, was a hyper‐responsiveness of GF colon to forskolin stimulation. In contrast, the absence of the microbiota did not influence the tissue response to bethanechol. Moreover, responses to the sodium‐channel activator, veratridine, and the TRPV1 receptor agonist, capsaicin were preserved in GF mice relative to conventional tissues. Similarly, the short‐circuit current response to two well‐characterized commensal organisms occurred independent of an interaction with the host microbiota. This is the first comprehensive characterization of secretomotor responses in GF colon.
Perioperative complications in patients diagnosed with mucopolysaccharidosis and the impact of enzyme replacement therapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at early age
Authors: Megens Johanna H.A.M. , de Wit Michel , van Hasselt Peter M. , Boelens Jaap Jan , van der Werff Desiree B.M. , de Graaff Jurgen C. 
Published: March 2014

SummaryBackgroundMucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are hereditary storage diseases; airway management typically worsens in these patients with the progression of the disease.Objective(s)To assess the incidence of perioperative complications in children with MPS and the impact of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).MethodsThe records of patients with MPS treated with ERT followed by HSCT, who received anesthesia at the Wilhelmina Children's Hospital between 2003 and 2012, were reviewed. Data were collected on incidence of perioperative respiratory and cardiovascular complications and the impact of treatment and age.ResultsNineteen children with MPS were identified (including 17 Hurler patients), who received ERT treatment followed by HSCT. Median age at start of treatment was 14 (range: 7–43) months. Patients were anesthetized 136 times. The incidence of respiratory and cardiovascular complications was 24% and 4%, respectively. Airway management by face mask was difficult in 7%. There were no problems with the laryngeal mask airway. Tracheal intubation was difficult in 25% and failed in 10%; using a video laryngoscope was most successful (89%), followed by classic laryngoscope (67%) and fiber‐optic scope (20%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the incidence of perioperative respiratory problems did not increase with age or decrease after start of treatment.ConclusionPerioperative airway management was most successful using a laryngeal mask airway or video laryngoscope. Treatment with ERT followed by HSCT and patient age did not influence the incidence of perioperative respiratory problems.
Inferior alveolar nerve blocks for postoperative pain control after mandibular distraction with osteotomies in a neonate
Authors: Krodel David J. , Belvis Dawn , Suresh Santhanam 
Published: March 2014

SummaryWe describe the use of inferior alveolar nerve blocks (IANBs) for postoperative pain control for a neonate undergoing mandibular distraction and osteotomies. In this case, bilateral IANBs were effective in keeping low pain scores as assessed on the neonatal infant pain scale (NIPS) and the amount of opioid and adjuvant analgesics used. The blocks were assessed to have lasted approximately 24 h making serial blocks for pain control logistically feasible. Additionally, pain control was improved throughout the period of distractor advancement (approximately 7 days). We propose the routine use of this regional technique for improved pain control after this procedure in neonates and suggest that improved pain control may facilitate earlier extubation in this challenging population.
Intrauterine growth restriction modifies gene expression profiling in cord blood
Authors: Yoshida Taketoshi , Takasaki Ichiro , Kanegane Hirokazu , Inomata Satomi , Ito Yasunori , Tamura Kentaro , Makimoto Masami , Saito Shigeru , Yoshimoto Yuko , Miyawaki Toshio 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundSmall‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) newborns are at an increased risk for perinatal morbidity and mortality and development of metabolic syndromes such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adulthood. The mechanism underlying this increased risk remains unclear. In this study, genetic modifications of cord blood were investigated to characterize fetal change in SGA newborns.MethodsGene expression in cord blood cells was compared between 10 SGA newborns and 10 appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) newborns using microarray analysis. Pathway analysis was conducted using the Ingenuity Pathways Knowledge Base. To confirm the microarray analysis results, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was performed for upregulated genes in SGA newborns.ResultsIn total, 775 upregulated and 936 downregulated probes were identified in SGA newborns and compared with those in AGA newborns. Of these probes, 1149 were annotated. Most of these genes have been implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease and T2DM. There was good agreement between the RT‐PCR and microarray analyses results.ConclusionsExpression of certain genes was modified in SGA newborns in the fetal period. These genes have been associated with metabolic syndrome. To clarify the association between modified gene expression in cord blood and individual vulnerability to metabolic syndrome in adulthood, these SGA newborns will be have long‐term follow up for examination of genetic and postnatal environmental factors. Gene expression of cord blood can be a useful and non‐invasive method of investigation of genetic alterations in the fetal period.
Pneumothorax in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Hoshino Akihiro , Imai Kohsuke , Ohshima Yusei , Yasutomi Motoko , Kasai Masashi , Terai Masaru , Ishigaki Keiko , Morio Tomohiro , Miyawaki Toshio , Kanegane Hirokazu 
Published: March 2014

AbstractBackgroundMost infants with pneumothorax have underlying conditions. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) frequently occurs in patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). The aim of this study was to determine clinical features of PCP‐associated pneumothorax in SCID patients.MethodsThe medical records of four SCID patients with pneumothorax were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsAll four patients were diagnosed as having SCID at the time of contracting PCP. All patients received mechanical ventilation because of severe respiratory failure. Only one patient was successfully extubated and was alive following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT); of the remaining patients, however, two died of respiratory failure, and one patient died of early HSCT‐related complications.ConclusionsPneumothorax associated with PCP can occur in SCID patients, and they may have a poor prognosis. If pneumothorax occurs in infants, both respiratory management and prompt investigation of the underlying conditions are needed, considering the possibility of PCP associated with SCID.
One-cycles on rationally connected varieties
Authors: Tian Zhiyu , Zong Hong R. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe prove that every curve on a separably rationally connected variety is rationally equivalent to a (non-effective) integral sum of rational curves. That is, the Chow group of 1-cycles is generated by rational curves. Applying the same technique, we also show that the Chow group of 1-cycles on a separably rationally connected Fano complete intersection of index at least 2 is generated by lines. As a consequence, we give a positive answer to a question of Professor Totaro about integral Hodge classes on rationally connected 3-folds. And by a result of Professor Voisin, the general case is a consequence of the Tate conjecture for surfaces over finite fields.
-algebras associated with curves and rational functions on . I
Authors: Fisette Robert , Polishchuk Alexander 
Published: March 2014

AbstractWe consider the natural$A_{\infty }$-structure on the$\mathrm{Ext}$-algebra$\mathrm{Ext}^*(G,G)$associated with the coherent sheaf$G=\mathcal{O}_C\oplus \mathcal{O}_{p_1}\oplus \cdots \oplus \mathcal{O}_{p_n}$on a smooth projective curve$C$, where$p_1,\ldots,p_n\in C$are distinct points. We study the homotopy class of the product$m_3$. Assuming that$h^0(p_1+\cdots +p_n)=1$, we prove that$m_3$is homotopic to zero if and only if$C$is hyperelliptic and the points$p_i$are Weierstrass points. In the latter case we show that$m_4$is not homotopic to zero, provided the genus of$C$is greater than$1$. In the case$n=g$we prove that the$A_{\infty }$-structure is determined uniquely (up to homotopy) by the products$m_i$with$i\le 6$. Also, in this case we study the rational map$\mathcal{M}_{g,g}\to \mathbb{A}^{g^2-2g}$associated with the homotopy class of$m_3$. We prove that for$g\ge 6$it is birational onto its image, while for$g\le 5$it is dominant. We also give an interpretation of this map in terms of tangents to$C$in the canonical embedding and in the projective embedding given by the linear series$|2(p_1+\cdots +p_g)|$.
TRIANGULAR RING RESONATOR: DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF THE PARITY-ODD PARAMETERS OF THE PHOTON SECTOR OF SME
Authors: EXIRIFARD QASEM 
Published: March 2014

We introduce the Triangular Ring (TR) resonator. We show that the difference between the clockwise and anti-clockwise resonant frequencies of a vacuum TR resonator is sensitive to the birefringence parity-odd parameters of the photon's sector of the minimal Standard Model Extension (mSME): the Standard Model plus all the perturbative parameters encoding the break of the Lorentz symmetry. We report that utilizing the current technology allows for direct measurement of these parameters with a sensitivity of the parity-even ones and improves the best current resonator bounds by couple of orders of magnitudes. We note that, designing an optical table that rotates perpendicular to the gravitational equipotential surface (geoid) allows for direct measurement of the constancy of the light speed at the vicinity of the earth in all directions, in particular, perpendicular to the geoid. If this table could achieve the precision of the ordinary tables, then it would improve the GPS bounds on the constancy of the light speed perpendicular to geoid by about eight orders of magnitude.
Nonlinearity of Ocean Carbon Cycle Feedbacks in CMIP5 Earth System Models
Authors: Schwinger Jörg , Tjiputra Jerry F. , Heinze Christoph , Bopp Laurent , Christian James R. , Gehlen Marion , Ilyina Tatiana , Jones Chris D. , Salas-Mélia David , Segschneider Joachim , Séférian Roland , Totterdell Ian 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
Carbon cycle feedbacks are usually categorized into carbon–concentration and carbon–climate feedbacks, which arise owing to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and changing physical climate. Both feedbacks are often assumed to operate independently: that is, the total feedback can be expressed as the sum of two independent carbon fluxes that are functions of atmospheric CO2 and climate change, respectively. For phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), radiatively and biogeochemically coupled simulations have been undertaken to better understand carbon cycle feedback processes. Results show that the sum of total ocean carbon uptake in the radiatively and biogeochemically coupled experiments is consistently larger by 19–58 petagrams of carbon (Pg C) than the uptake found in the fully coupled model runs. This nonlinearity is small compared to the total ocean carbon uptake (533–676 Pg C), but it is of the same order as the carbon–climate feedback. The weakening of ocean circulation and mixing with climate change makes the largest contribution to the nonlinear carbon cycle response since carbon transport to depth is suppressed in the fully relative to the biogeochemically coupled simulations, while the radiatively coupled experiment mainly measures the loss of near-surface carbon owing to warming of the ocean. Sea ice retreat and seawater carbon chemistry contribute less to the simulated nonlinearity. The authors’ results indicate that estimates of the ocean carbon–climate feedback derived from “warming only” (radiatively coupled) simulations may underestimate the reduction of ocean carbon uptake in a warm climate high CO2 world.
Prediction Skill of North Pacific Variability in NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2: Impact of ENSO and Beyond
Authors: Hu Zeng-Zhen , Kumar Arun , Huang Bohua , Zhu Jieshun , Guan Yuanhong 
Published: March 2014

Abstract
This work examines the impact of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the prediction skill of North Pacific variability (NPV) in retrospective predictions of the NCEP Climate Forecast System, version 2. It is noted that the phase relationship between ENSO and NPV at initial conditions (ICs) affects the prediction skill of NPV. For average lead times of 0–6 months, the prediction skills of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in NPV (defined as the NPV index) increase from 0.42 to 0.63 from the cases of an out-of-phase relation between the Niño-3.4 and NPV indices in ICs to the cases of an in-phase relation. It is suggested that when ENSO and NPV are in phase in ICs, ENSO plays a constructive role in the NPV development and enhances its signals. Nevertheless, when ENSO and NPV are out of phase, some pronounced positive NPV events are still predictable. In these cases, the North Pacific is dominated by strong positive SSTAs, which may overcome the opposing influence from the tropical Pacific and display predictability.
Hybrid models for hardware-in-the-loop simulation of hydraulic systems Part 1: Theory
Authors: Ferreira J A , Almeida F Gomes , Quintas M R , Estima de Oliveira J P 
Published: March 2014

Physical modelling of hydraulic systems results in systems of differential and algebraic equations (DAEs) that are normally stiff. This is because they often include multiple temporal scales and present complex and non-linear behaviour. The simulation of these stiff DAEs in real time demands small time steps, in order to achieve algorithm stability, because explicit fixed step solvers are usually applied. Modelling some fast dynamics as instantaneous changes in order to reduce the model's stiffness has been an area of research in the last few years. The description of the dynamic behaviour as piecewise continuous modes, interspersed with discrete transitions, together with the reduction in the model complexity, facilitates the use of fixed time step integration methods and thus allows real-time simulation. The main goal of this work was to obtain not too complex models in order to allow the models to be used in hardware-in-the-loop experiments. This paper proposes the use of the statecharts formalism to describe hybrid behaviour in hydraulic systems and presents semiempirical models of a valve controlled hydraulic cylinder intended to test real controller performance on a hardware-in-the-loop setup. These semiempirical models require less computing power, and it is easier to adjust the model parameters.
The Ideological and Electoral Determinants of Laws Targeting Undocumented Migrants in the U.S. States
Authors: Zingher Joshua N. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractState legislatures have been extremely active in passing legislation relating to all facets of immigration policy over the last several years. In this article, I develop a framework that explains how party ideology, party control of the legislature, and electoral conditions affect the likelihood that a state legislature will adopt policies that increase immigration enforcement. I test my arguments using state immigration policy adoption data that span from 2005 to 2011. I find that conservative Republican state parties are more likely to pass legislation enhancing immigration enforcement—on the condition that the Republican Party controls the state's legislative institutions. However, the willingness of Republican-controlled legislatures to pass immigration reform is often tempered by electoral concerns. Republican-controlled legislatures in states where Latinos make up a large proportion of the electorate are significantly less likely to adopt new legislation that targets undocumented migrants. I argue that Republican support for increasing sanctions on undocumented migrants is eroded by the potential for an electoral backlash from Latino voters. Democratic-controlled legislatures are unlikely to pass legislation under any conditions. Ultimately, the observed pattern of policy adoption is the product of the trade-off between the state parties' ideologically driven policy goals and the electoral consequences associated with actually implementing immigration policies.