bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomimetic Porous Ti6Al4V Implants: A Novel Interbody Fusion Cage via Gel‐Casting Technique to Promote Spine Fusion
Authors: Dou Xinyu , Liu Xiao , Liu Yu , Wang Linbang , Jia Fei , Shen Fei , Ma Yunlong , Liang Chen , Jin Gong , Wang Meina , Liu Zhongjun , Zhu Bin , Liu Xiaoguang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAn interbody fusion cage (Cage) is crucial in spinal decompression and fusion procedures for restoring normal vertebral curvature and rebuilding spinal stability. Currently, these Cages suffer from issues related to mismatched elastic modulus and insufficient bone integration capability. Therefore, a gel‐casting technique is utilized to fabricate a biomimetic porous titanium alloy material from Ti6Al4V powder. The biomimetic porous Ti6Al4V is compared with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and 3D‐printed Ti6Al4V materials and their respective Cages. Systematic validation is performed through mechanical testing, in vitro cell, in vivo rabbit bone defect implantation, and ovine anterior cervical discectomy and fusion experiments to evaluate the mechanical and biological performance of the materials. Although all three materials demonstrate good biocompatibility and osseointegration properties, the biomimetic porous Ti6Al4V, with its excellent mechanical properties and a structure closely resembling bone trabecular tissue, exhibited superior bone ingrowth and osseointegration performance. Compared to the PEEK and 3D‐printed Ti6Al4V Cages, the biomimetic porous Ti6Al4V Cage outperforms in terms of intervertebral fusion performance, achieving excellent intervertebral fusion without the need for bone grafting, thereby enhancing cervical vertebra stability. This biomimetic porous Ti6Al4V Cage offers cost‐effectiveness, presenting significant potential for clinical applications in spinal surgery.
Inkjet‐Printed 3D Electrode Arrays for Recording Signals from Cortical Organoids
Authors: Kopic Inola , Dedousi Panagiota , Schmidt Sebastian , Peng Hu , Berezin Oleksandr , Weiße Annika , George Richard M. , Mayr Christian , Westmeyer Gil G. , Wolfrum Bernhard 
Published: July 2024

AbstractMonitoring electrical activity across multiple planes in 3D cell cultures and organoids is imperative to comprehensively understand their functional connections and behavior. However, traditional planar microelectrode arrays (MEAs) are intended for surface recordings and are inadequate in addressing this aspect. The limitations, such as longer production times and limited adaptability imposed by standard clean‐room techniques, constrain the design possibilities for 3D electrode arrays and potentially hinder effective cell‐electrode coupling. To tackle this challenge, a novel approach is presented that leverages rapid prototyping processes and additive manufacturing in combination with wet etching and electrodeposition to enhance electrode fabrication and performance. The laser‐patterned MEAs on glass, polyimide (PI) foil, or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foil substrates incorporate high‐aspect ratio (up to 44:1) ink‐jet printed 3D electrode structures with heights up to 1 mm at a pitch of 200 µm, enabling precise recording within cell tissues. The specific shapes of the electrode tips and customizable 3D structures provide great flexibility in electrode placement. The versatility of the 3D MEAs is demonstrated by recording the electrophysiological activity of cortical organoids in situ, paving the way for investigating neural activity under regular or various pathologically altered conditions in vitro in a high throughput manner.
Pyrene‐Based Emitter with a Small Energy Gap Between High‐Energy Triplet and Singlet State for High‐Performance Blue Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Xu Lei , Yu Yue , Li Mingke , Li Yulong , Tan Wenle , Wang Bohan , Yang Dezhi , Hu Dehua , Ying Lei , Ma Yuguang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractReasonable energy level alignment of molecules is conducive to constructing high‐performance blue emitter. Pyrene is a common building unit in blue emitters with a big energy gap between S1 and T1 (ΔES1‐T1) and small ΔES1‐Tn (n = 2‐3). By introducing donor and acceptor groups in pyrene, the high‐lying triplet excitons are utilized through reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) channel in obtained blue “hot exciton” emitter CPPCN. Herein, through changing the donor linking type to ortho‐substituted, the obtained derivatives o‐CPPCN exhibited deeper blue emission (λmax = 448 nm) and a higher krisc (3.1×108 s−1). The non‐doped device based on o‐CPPCN demonstrates a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 10.3% with a CIEy of 0.11, along with an exciton utilization of 55%. Photophysical measurements indicate the performance difference between the CPPCN and o‐CPPCN originates from the energy level alignment difference. Compared with CPPCN (0.26 eV), the ΔES1‐T2 of o‐CPPCN has been reduced to 0.10 eV, proving the smaller gap between T2 and S1 state can promote the RISC process. Hence, o‐CPPCN can be employed as the host to prepare “hot exciton” sensitized blue OLED due to its wide band gap and high krisc. The corresponding EQEmax of the doped device can be further improved to 11.8%.
Metal‐Free Photocyclization/Oxidation Cascade Constructing Quinoline‐2‐ones and Tetrahydrocarbazolones
Authors: Hao Yanke , Huang He 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWe reported a one‐pot photocyclization/ oxidation cascade of N‐aryl acrylamides to afford quinoline‐2‐ones. Thioxanthone was used as a bifunctional energy transfer agent to mediate both photocyclization and generation of singlet oxygen, the latter facilitates the dehydrogenation of dihydroquinoline‐2‐one intermediate. This cascade strategy also supports the 5‐endo‐trig cyclization to synthesize tetrahydrocarbazolones from phenylamino cyclohexenones.
Dearomative 1,2‐(Deutero)Hydrotrifluoromethylation of Chromium‐Bound Arenes
Authors: Wu Cheng‐Jie , Jiang Xu , Qiu Jia‐Yi , Wang Ming‐Yang , Li Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractDearomative trifluoromethylation of arenes provides an ideal method for constructing CF3‐containing three‐dimensional architectures which are of increasing interest in drug discovery. However, such transformation is rare and challenging because of the inherently low reactivity of arene π‐systems and selectivity issues. Herein, we disclose a general dearomative 1,2‐hydrotrifluoromethylation of (hetero)arenes utilizing activation by temporary π‐complexation to chromium, thus affording convenient access to 1,3‐cyclohexadienes bearing the privileged CF3 group. The versatility of this strategy further enables a dearomative 1,2‐deuterotrifluoromethylation with high deuterated ratios. The related dearomative 1,2‐(deutero)hydroperfluoroethylation reactions were conducted well for a range of chromium‐bound (hetero)arenes. Finally, a reasonable mechanism was proposed based on the intermediate capture and control experiments.
Exploration on Wave‐Structure Interaction Laws and Output Performance of Coaxial Hybrid Energy Harvester Based on a Large‐Scale Wave‐Current Flume
Authors: Wu Zhiwen , Guo Haowei , Liu Guanlin , Garg Ankit , Wen Honggui , Xie Canrong , Li Bo , Mei Guoxiong , Huang Bingyun , Wan Lingyu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIn order to address the challenge of the wide application of hybrid energy harvesters based on triboelectric‐electromagnetic effect in actual ocean environments, it is crucial to execute hydrodynamic tests conformed to the actual ocean environments and conduct field tests. Here, a coaxial hybrid energy harvester (CH‐EH) is prepared, and its hydrodynamic behaviors are investigated systematically through a large‐scale wave‐current flume. The verification test of the CH‐EH output performance is carried out offshore at the port of SanDun, Qinzhou. The results show: 1) The CH‐EH can achieve high output (U > 380 V, I > 2.4 mA) under small regular wave excitation (H > 0.15 m), and it maintains high output (U > 220 V, I > 1.8 mA) over a wide range of regular wave frequencies (0.6 Hz < f < 1.1 Hz). 2) The output performance of the CH‐EH under irregular wave excitation is lower than that under regular wave excitation. The variation trend of the CH‐EH output performance obtained in actual ocean tests is similar to that obtained in the laboratory, but slightly lower than that obtained in the laboratory. 3) The output performance of the CH‐EH is positively correlated with its draft depth, and the ocean current inhibits its output performance.
Ionogels with Carbon and Organic Polymer Matrices for Electrochemical Systems
Authors: Ratajczak Paula , Béguin François 
Published: July 2024

AbstractIonogels (IGs) consisting of ionic liquids (ILs) confined in carbon and organic polymer matrices have recently emerged as promising materials for electrochemical systems. This perspective article explores how the structural, dynamic, and thermodynamic properties of ILs are modified by their confinement. It emphasizes the importance of combining various ILs and matrices to enhance IG properties through IL‐matrix interactions. Specifically, it highlights the significant downshift of IL melting point observed in certain porous carbons, as well as the enhanced ionic conductivity at sub‐ambient temperature in polymer networks. Accordingly, the suitability of these IGs for use in electrochemical systems operating at low temperature is discussed. Although significant progress has been made in the development and applications of carbon and polymer IGs, it is necessary to further explore the texture/structure of real host matrices, which may differ from model ones. Investigating the low‐temperature mobility of ions in IG‐based electrodes with micro/mesoporous carbons is an example of unexplored research area that may open new opportunities for increasing the energy and power density in energy storage applications. The suggested directions should facilitate innovative solutions to current and future challenges for electrochemical systems across a wide temperature range from −40 to 200 °C.
Recent Advances in Functionalized Biomass‐Derived Porous Carbons and their Composites for Hybrid Ion Capacitors
Authors: George Nithya S. , Singh Gurwinder , Bahadur Rohan , Kumar Prashant , Ramadass Kavitha , Sathish CI , Benzigar Mercy , Sajan Davidson , Aravind Arun , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: July 2024

AbstractHybrid ion capacitors (HICs) have aroused extreme interest due to their combined characteristics of energy and power densities. The performance of HICs lies hidden in the electrode materials used for the construction of battery and supercapacitor components. The hunt is always on to locate the best material in terms of cost‐effectiveness and overall optimized performance characteristics. Functionalized biomass‐derived porous carbons (FBPCs) possess exquisite features including easy synthesis, wide availability, high surface area, large pore volume, tunable pore size, surface functional groups, a wide range of morphologies, and high thermal and chemical stability. FBPCs have found immense use as cathode, anode and dual electrode materials for HICs in the recent literature. The current review is designed around two main concepts which include the synthesis and properties of FBPCs followed by their utilization in various types of HICs. Among monovalent HICs, lithium, sodium, and potassium, are given comprehensive attention, whereas zinc is the only multivalent HIC that is focused upon due to corresponding literature availability. Special attention is also provided to the critical factors that govern the performance of HICs. The review concludes by providing feasible directions for future research in various aspects of FBPCs and their utilization in HICs.
Angular Dependence of Hump‐Shape Hall Effects for Distinguishing between Karplus–Luttinger and Geometrical Origins
Authors: Lim Zhi Shiuh , Chow Lin Er , Khoo Khoong Hong , Omar Ganesh Ji , Luo Zhaoyang , Zhang Zhaoting , Yan Hong , Yang Ping , Laskowski Robert , Ariando A. 
Published: July 2024

AbstractAmong the vast magnetic heterostructures explored in Condensed Matter Physics, two contrasting interpretations of the hump‐shaped Hall Effects remain ambiguous and debated, namely, the overlap of two opposite‐signed Karplus–Luttinger Hall loops associated with inhomogeneous collinear domains with perpendicular anisotropy, or the Geometrical/Topological Hall Effect emanated from hexagonal close‐packed lattice of Skyrmion ground state with smoothly varying non‐collinear moments. Their similarity in topology implies difficulty in discrimination via magnetic imaging. Here, this ambiguity is overcome and clarified by the divergence exponent of hump peak fields extracted from Hall measurements with magnetic field rotation on several heterostructures. Their difference in sensitivity to in‐plane fields reveals that the former mechanism involves higher uniaxial anisotropy than the latter, departing from the Skyrmion ground state regime by the Ginzburg–Landau framework of triple‐q spin‐wave superposition. Numerous material systems can be summarized into a single curve of divergence exponent versus the collinear quality factor, bridging the crossover of the two mentioned mechanisms.
Impact of Gate Voltage on Mobility of Charge Carriers in Conductive Channel of Organic Molecular Semiconductors: Transport Landscape Assessed by Alternating and Direct Current Mode Techniques
Authors: Choi Wookjin , Matsuda Wakana , Seki Shu 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe gate voltage dependence of the charge carrier mobility is investigated by the microwave resonance technique in transport channels at various organic semiconductors‐insulator interfaces. Although the microwave based measurement is free from the Schottky‐barrier, the vertical charge transport, and the minority carrier trapping, which have been regarded as the origin of the nonlinearity in field effect transistor (FET) measurements, the obtained charge carrier mobility is impacted significantly by the applied gate bias. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X‐ray diffractometry (XRD) measurements revealed that the observed nonlinearity indeed originates from the surface disorder in even polycrystalline materials including conjugated polymers. The concerted assessment of the microwave resonance and the FET measurements reveals that 1) injected carriers below the threshold voltage are not trapped despite of the absence of the drain current, 2) the only charge carrier mobility at the 1st layer is assessed by FET measurements, and 3) the threshold voltage of conjugated polymers is relatively low due to the intra‐domain connection through tie molecules.
Multiphase Coherent Nanointerface Network Enhances Thermoelectric Performance for Efficient Energy Conversion and Contactless Thermosensation Applications in GeTe
Authors: Zhu Jianglong , Tan Xiaobo , Hong Min , Wei Yanxing , Ma Huangshui , Feng Fan , Luo Yuange , Wu Hao , Sun Qiang , Ang Ran 
Published: July 2024

AbstractCounter doping is a prevalent strategy to optimize the excessively high carrier concentration in GeTe, while it may impair carrier transport and reduce mobility, thereby limiting the potential to improve ZT. Herein, a novel approach to overcome this challenge is proposed. A multiphase coherent nanointerface network, formed between pseudo‐cubic GeTe, Cu2Te, and PbTe phases, with effective Cu ions delocalization, has been realized in Cu2Te alloyed Ge0.84Cd0.06Pb0.10Te. This design selectively modulates both charge carrier and phonon transport, resulting in increased mobility and optimized carrier concentration that contribute to enhanced power factor, with an ultra‐low lattice thermal conductivity of ≈0.33 W m−1 K−1 at 653 K. Consequently, the peak ZT of ≈2.22 at 803 K and average ZT of ≈1.40 from 303 to 803 K is achieved in (Ge0.84Cd0.06Pb0.10Te)0.99(Cu2Te)0.01. Furthermore, the novel structural modulation results in robust mechanical properties. Utilizing these optimized materials, achieving a high power density of ≈1.47 W cm−2 at a temperature difference of 400 K in the fabricated 7‐pair thermoelectric module. Moreover, a thermoelectric energy harvesting array device is assembled, exhibiting potential for applications in non‐radiative energy harvesting from lasers and touchless thermosensation, further advancing the applications of thermoelectric materials and devices.
Time‐integrated species flux analysis: A novel method for kinetic reduction and pathway analysis in pyrolysis process
Authors: Shen Yudong , Mao Yaoliang , Hong Xiaodong , Yang Yao , Ren Yu , Wang Jingdai , Yang Yongrong , Kay Lup Andrew Ng , Liao Zuwei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractA time‐integrated species flux analysis (TSFA) method for the systematic reduction of large detailed kinetics in the pyrolysis process is proposed. The obtained reaction paths are based on the species flux throughout temporal evolutions rather than at transitory moments. This allows considering species flux at different reaction moments. The proposed strategy is verified by experiments and numerical simulation of the cracking process of n‐hexane and n‐butanol. The kinetics of n‐hexane cracking was reduced from the original 328 species to 94 species, while the resulting product yield difference is less than 1.5%. In addition, a global reaction pathway of n‐butanol pyrolysis was discovered. Compared with literature reports, we found that hydroxyl radicals also played an important role in n‐butanol pyrolysis. The proposed framework provides a new strategy for simplifying large‐scale reaction kinetics and conducting global reaction pathway analysis in the pyrolysis process.
Liquid–liquid flow characteristics and mass transfer enhancement in a Taylor–Couette microreactor
Authors: Zeng Zishan , Wang Zhenlun , Su Yuanhai , Yao Chaoqun , Chen Guangwen 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe liquid–liquid immiscible flow and mass transfer were investigated in a novel Taylor–Couette microreactor (TCMR). Due to the rotation shear and microscale effects, each phase flowed in the form of helical strips/bands, instead of dispersion droplets as in conventional equipment. Based on the movement and inclination of the bands, the helical vortex (HV), mixed helical vortex (MHV) and stationary helical vortex (SHV) were distinguished. The characteristics of the regimes were strongly influenced by rotation speed and flow rate, but the specific surface area only slightly varied. The flow regimes also influenced the two phase mass transfer. It was shown that the mass transfer coefficient kLa monotonically increased with the rotation speed in the HV regime, while it slightly decreased when the flow shifted into the MHV/SHV regime. According to the parametric studies, empirical correlations were developed for the flow regime transition and mass transfer prediction.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytokine and Chemokine Profiles in Central Nervous System Sarcoidosis: Diagnostic and Immunopathologic Insights
Authors: Mangioris Georgios , Pittock Sean J. , Yang Binxia , Fryer James P. , Harmsen William S. , Dubey Divyanshu , Flanagan Eoin P. , Lopez‐Chiriboga Sebastian A. , McKeon Andrew , Mills John R. , Vodopivec Ivana , Tobin W. Oliver , Toledano Michel , Aksamit Allen J. , Zekeridou Anastasia 
Published: July 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine/chemokine profile of central nervous system (CNS) neurosarcoidosis (NS), and its utility in differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognostication.MethodsIn this case–control study, we validated 17 cytokines/chemokines (interleukin [IL]‐1‐beta, IL‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12p70, IL‐13, IL‐17A, BAFF, IL‐8/CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, GM‐CSF, interferon‐gamma, and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐alpha) in a multiplexed automated immunoassay system (ELLA; Bio‐Techne, Minneapolis, MN, USA), and assessed them in CSF and serum of symptomatic patients with probable or definite CNS NS (01/2011–02/2023) with gadolinium enhancement and/or CSF pleocytosis. Patients with multiple sclerosis, primary CNS lymphoma, aquaporin‐4 immunoglobulin G positivity, non‐inflammatory disorders, and healthy individuals were used as controls.ResultsA total of 32 NS patients (59% women; median age, 59 years [19–81]) were included; concurrent sera were available in 12. CSF controls consisted of 26 multiple sclerosis, 8 primary CNS lymphoma, 84 aquaporin‐4 immunoglobulin G positive, and 34 patients with non‐inflammatory disorders. Gadolinium enhancement was present in 31 of 32 NS patients, and CSF pleocytosis in 27 of 32 (84%). CSF IL‐2, IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐13, BAFF, IL‐8/CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL13, GM‐CSF, interferon‐gamma, and TNF‐alpha levels were significantly higher in NS patients compared with non‐inflammatory controls (p ≤ 0.02); elevations were more common in CSF than serum. Concurrent elevation of IL‐6, CXCL9, CXCL10, GM‐CSF, interferon‐gamma, and TNF‐alpha was present in 18 of 32 NS patients, but only in 1 control. Elevated IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐13, CXCL9, CXL10, GM‐CSF, and TNF‐alpha associated with measures of disease activity.InterpretationNS CSF cytokine/chemokine profiles suggest T cell (mainly T helper cell type 1), macrophage, and B‐cell involvement. These signatures aid in NS diagnosis, indicate disease activity, and suggest therapeutic avenues. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:704–714
Synergistic Active Heterostructure Design for Enhanced Two Electron Oxygen Reduction via Chemical and Electrochemical Reconstruction of Heterosulfides
Authors: Yu Kai , Yang Hongyuan , Xu Jie , Yuan Weijie , Yang Ruotao , Hou Meiling , Kang Zhenhui , Liu Yang , Menezes Prashanth W. , Chen Ziliang 
Published: July 2024

AbstractTransition metal sulfides, particularly heterostructures, represent a promising class of electrocatalysts for two electron oxygen reduction (2e− ORR), however, understanding the dynamic structural evolution of these catalysts during alkaline ORR remains relatively unexplored. Herein, NiS2/In2.77S4 heterostructure was synthesized as a precatalyst and through a series of comprehensive ex situ and in situ characterizations, including X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transient photo‐induced voltage measurements, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and spherical aberration‐corrected electron microscopy, it was revealed that nickel/indium (oxy)hydroxides (NiOOH/In(OH)3) could be evolved from the initial NiS2/In2.77S4 via both electrochemical and chemical‐driven methods. The electrochemical‐driven phase featured abundant bridging oxygen‐deficient [NiO6]‐[InO6] units at the interfaces of NiOOH/In(OH)3, facilitating a synergistic effect between active Ni and In sites, thus enabling an enhanced alkaline 2e− ORR capability than that of chemical‐driven process. Remarkably, electrochemically induced NiOOH/In(OH)3 exhibited exceptional performance, achieving H2O2 selectivity of >90 % across the wide potential window (up to 0.4 V) with a peak selectivity of >99 %. Notably, within the three‐electrode flow cell, a current density of 200 mA cm−2 was sustained over 20 h, together with an impressive Faradaic efficiency of ~90 % during the whole cycle process.