bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of pressure and volume‐controlled ventilation in laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations
Authors: Aydın Venera , Kabukcu Hanife Karakaya , Sahin Nursel , Mesci Ayhan , Arici Ayse Gulbin , Kahveci Gulsum , Ozmete Ozgen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsLaparoscopic cholecystectomy has many advantages such as shorter hospital stay of patients, minimal postoperative pain, rapid recovery after the operation; however, systemic disadvantages because intra‐abdominal pressure, position and general anaesthesia may also appear. In this study, pressure‐controlled ventilation (PCV) and volume‐controlled ventilation (VCV) modes during laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations were compared in terms of their effects on haemodynamic, respiratory and blood gas parameters.MethodsPatients were randomly assigned to two groups according to the modes of mechanical ventilation, either to the PCV group, group P (35 patients) or to the VCV group, group V (35 patients). A standard electrocardiogram, pulse oximetry, non‐invasive blood pressure, end‐tidal CO2, BIS and TOF monitoring were performed. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol, fentanyl and rocuronium. Anaesthesia was maintained with 50% O2 + 50% N2O, propofol infusion and fentanyl. Haemodynamic data, respiratory parameters, arterial blood gases of the patients were measured. Dynamic compliance of the respiratory system, oxygenation index, alveolar‐arterial oxygen gradient and dead space ventilation to tidal volume ratio were calculated.ResultsNo difference was detected between the groups in terms of descriptive data, operation, anaesthesia, pneumoperitoneum and recovery period (P > 0.05). Haemodynamic data and blood gas values were compared between the two groups, and no significant difference was found (P < 0.05). After pneumoperitoneum, lung compliance decreased in both groups, more importantly in the Group P (P > 0.05). Tidal volume increased 10 min and 20 min after insufflation in the Group V (P < 0.05). Alveolar dead space ventilation to tidal volume ratio before pneumoperitoneum and alveolar‐arterial oxygen gradient after pneumoperitoneum were significantly higher in the Group P compared to the Group V (P < 0.05). Dynamic compliance of the respiratory system was similar in both groups.ConclusionIn this study, with volume‐controlled ventilation anaesthesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy, higher tidal volume and lower alveolar‐arterial oxygen gradient were achieved after pneumoperitoneum. These findings indicated that VCV mode can provide a better alveolar ventilation than PCV mode in laparoscopic cholecystectomy operations.
Safety of interventional bronchoscopy through complication review at a cancer center
Authors: Hsu Li‐Han , Liu Chia‐Chuan , Ko Jen‐Sheng , Chen Chao‐Chun , Feng An‐Chen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractBackground and AimsThere have been rapid advances in the area of interventional bronchoscopy over the past 15 years, but associated complications have been rarely discussed. A longitudinal evaluation of the same operator's performance at a cancer center is reported.MethodsA detailed record review of diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopy between January 1997 and March 2013 was conducted.ResultsAmong the 1358 diagnostic bronchoscopies, there were nine major complications requiring premature termination and three pneumothoraces found during follow‐up (0.88%). An escalation in the level of care was required for four patients with massive bleeding, asthma attack, sedation intoxication and myocardial ischemia, respectively. Six cases occurred after brushing (0.71%), and five cases before any sampling procedure was conducted. The complication rate was highest for peripheral lesions (1.03%). Among the 109 therapeutic bronchoscopies, no major patient‐specific complication occurred except for excessive granulation tissue formation following metallic stenting in one patient with benign tracheal stenosis.ConclusionThe complication rate with regard to bronchoscopy is comparable with historical controls according to the related literature, and their occurrence appears to be sporadic, not relevant to patient characteristics and mostly related to the bronchoscopy itself rather than the introduction of new techniques. Bronchoscopy remains safe along with technical innovations. However, risk recognition and effective prevention is essential.
ASTRONOMICS IN ACTION: THE GRADUATE EARNINGS PREMIUM AND THE DRAGON EFFECT IN SINGAPORE
Authors: Sim Nicholas 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis paper investigates the return to university education in Singapore using a new estimation strategy related to Chinese traditions where children born in the Year of the Dragon are believed to be superior. Because parents might time the arrival of their offspring on a Dragon year, this causes the Dragon cohort to be larger and university entry to be more competitive. First, we find evidence of a negative “Dragon effect” on university educational attainment. Then, using it as an estimation strategy, we find that university education has a ceteris paribus effect of raising earnings by at least 50% on average. (JEL I21, C26, J30)
Comparison of magnetic source estimation to intracranial EEG, resection area, and seizure outcome
Authors: Tenney Jeffrey R. , Fujiwara Hisako , Horn Paul S. , Rose Douglas F. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryObjectivesMagnetoencephalography (MEG) is used to guide intracranial electroencephalography (ICEEG) monitoring and determine areas for resection. The purpose of this retrospective cross‐sectional study was to report our experience using dipole modeling/dipole scanning, current density reconstructions, and beam‐forming methods in a large cohort of pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy.MethodsSource localization results for each algorithm and seizure‐onset zone, defined by ICEEG, were described by three blinded reviewers according to five location criteria. The accuracy of each algorithm was then compared to ICEEG. The relationships between the accuracy of these algorithms (discordant, lobar concordant, sublobar concordant) and long‐term seizure outcome was calculated using positive and negative predictive values.ResultsThirty‐two patients (mean age ± SD, 10.8 ± 5 years) were included in this retrospective review. No algorithms had sublobar concordance with ICEEG in all patients, including when algorithms were grouped by type (dipole modeling/dipole scanning, current density reconstruction, beam forming). Synthetic aperture magnetometry (SAM) with excess kurtosis tended to be the most accurate, but there were no significant differences between algorithms. When comparing the source modeling with ICEEG findings, significantly more patients with a seizure‐free outcome were found to have lobar or sublobar concordance of multiple signal classification (MUSIC) (61.1%) and standardized low resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) (52.9%). Positive predictive values were highest for MUSIC (61.9%) and equivalent current dipole (ECD) (57.1%). Negative predictive values were highest for SAM(g2)‐VS (83%), minimum norm estimate (MNE) (75%), MUSIC (73.7%), and ECD (73.5%).SignificanceThis study describes the use of multiple MEG source estimation techniques and demonstrates that all algorithms have similar rates of concordance with ICEEG. Also, the concordance or discordance of MUSIC with ICEEG was the best predictor of long‐term seizure outcome.
Fatigue crack growth in 7249‐T76511 aluminium alloy under constant‐amplitude and spectrum loading
Authors: Newman J. C. , Walker K. F. , Liao M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractFatigue crack growth tests were conducted on compact, C(T), specimens made of 7249‐T76511 aluminium alloy. These tests were conducted to generate crack growth rate data from threshold to near fracture over a wide range of load ratios (R). Four methods were used to generate near threshold data: (1) ASTM E‐647 load reduction (LR), (2) compression pre‐cracking constant‐amplitude (CPCA), (3) compression pre‐cracking LR, and (4) constant crack mouth opening displacement LR method. A crack closure analysis was used to develop an effective stress‐intensity factor range against rate relation using a constraint factor (α = 1.85).Simulated aircraft wing spectrum tests were conducted on middle crack tension, M(T), specimens using a modified full‐scale fatigue test spectrum. The tests were used to develop the constraint‐loss regime (plane strain to plane stress; α = 1.85 to 1.15) behaviour. Comparisons were made between the spectrum tests and calculations made with the FASTRAN life prediction code; and the calculated crack growth lives were generally with ±10% of the test results.
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: An unusual presentation of tuberculosis in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Koulmane Laxminarayana Sindhura L. , Nagaraju Shankar P. , Prabhu Attur Ravindra , Manohar Chethan , Parthasarathy Rajeevalochana , Chari Brahmaiah 
Published: October 2014

AbstractWe report a series of three patients with end‐stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis presenting with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) as an unusual manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. All three patients were middle‐aged men. They presented with fever, pancytopenia, varying degrees of hepatosplenomegaly, abnormal liver function tests, coagulopathy, increased serum ferritin, and triglycerides. Tests for fever work‐up were negative. Bone marrow examination revealed hemophagocytosis and caseating granuloma. Acid fast bacilli were demonstrated in two patients. The HLH‐2004 diagnostic criteria suggested by the histiocytic society were followed to arrive at the diagnosis. All of them succumbed to death even before the definitive diagnosis could be made. We suggest that aggressive diagnostic work‐up must be done when hemodialysis patients present with fever and pancytopenia. Priority should be toward early diagnosis and appropriate treatment to improve the prognosis.
Barriers and facilitators to effective coverage of Intimate Partner Violence services for immigrant women in Spain
Authors: Briones‐Vozmediano Erica , La Parra Daniel , Vives‐Cases Carmen 
Published: October 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo explore service providers’ perceptions in order to identify barriers and facilitators to effective coverage of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) services for immigrant women in Spain, according to the different categories proposed in Tanahashi's model of effective coverage.MethodsA qualitative study based on 29 in‐depth personal interviews and four group interviews with a total of 43 professionals working in public services (social and health‐care services, women's refuges, the police force, the judiciary) and NGOs in Barcelona, Madrid, Valencia and Alicante (Spain) in 2011.FindingsCurrent IPV services in Spain partially fail in their coverage of abused immigrant women due to barriers of (i) availability, such as the inexistence of culturally appropriate services; (ii) accessibility, as having a residence permit is a prerequisite for women's access to different services and rights; (iii) acceptability, such as women's lack of confidence in the effectiveness of services; and (iv) effectiveness, for example, lack of specific training among professionals on the issues of IPV and immigration. However, interviewees also identified facilitators, such as the enabling environment promoted by the Spanish Law on Gender‐Based Violence (1/2004), and the impetus it has provided for the development of other specific legislative tools to address IPV in immigrant populations in Spain (availability, accessibility and effectiveness).ConclusionWhilst not dismissing cultural barriers, aspects related to service structure are identified by providers as the main barriers and facilitators to immigrant women use of IPV services. Despite noteworthy achievements, improvements are still required in terms of mainstreaming assistance tailored to immigrant women's needs in IPV policies and services.
A retrospective study to assess the relative value of peripheral blood, bone marrow aspirate and biopsy morphology, immunohistochemical stains, and flow cytometric analysis in the diagnosis of chronic B cell lymphoproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Zhang Q.‐Y. , Chabot‐Richards D. , Evans M. , Spengel K. , Andrews J. , Kang H. , Foucar K. 
Published: October 2014

SummaryIntroductionThe successful diagnosis of chronic B cell lymphoproliferative neoplasms (B‐CLPN) requires the integration of multiple parameters, beginning with clinical information, CBC data, and morphology review. Immunophenotyping is essential and genetic testing may also be necessary. However, the relative value of each specimen or ancillary study in the diagnosis and classification has not been systematically established. We have performed a blinded retrospective review to assess what in our laboratory was the relative value of each specimen type and ancillary study in the diagnostic workup of B‐CLPN.MethodsA total of 185 cases of PB, BM, spleen and lymph nodes were analyzed for relative value of morphology, IHC, flow cytometry study in the diagnosis of B‐CLPN.Results‘High yield’ specimen was identified in most B‐CLPN categories, which was highly predictive of the final WHO diagnosis.ConclusionThe goal of this retrospective study was to attempt to assess what was the relative value of morphology, immunophenotype, and molecular/cytogenetic study in various sites in the overall diagnostic process in our institution. We investigated the utility of the ‘high yield’ specimens in achieving the correct final diagnosis. In our study, some B‐CLPNs notably splenic marginal zone lymphoma and hairy cell leukemia variant, required all studies for a ‘best fit’ type of diagnosis. In other cases, the morphology of a single specimen type was highly predictive of the final diagnosis, although confirmatory studies are recommended for definitive diagnosis.
Scintigraphic Tracking of Mesenchymal Stem Cells After Intravenous Regional Limb Perfusion and Subcutaneous Administration in the Standing Horse
Authors: Spriet Mathieu , Buerchler Sabine , Trela Jan M. , Hembrooke Tara A. , Padgett Kerstien A. , Rick Mark C. , Vidal Martin A. , Galuppo Larry D. 
Published: October 2014

ObjectiveTo assess distribution, uptake, and persistence of radiolabeled mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) using scintigraphy after intravenous regional limb perfusion (RLP) and subcutaneous injections in standing, sedated horses.Study DesignExperimental study.AnimalsHorses (n = 12).MethodsSix horses had RLP performed through the cephalic vein on 1 limb and subcutaneous injection in the metacarpal area in the opposite limb. The other 6 horses had RLP performed through the lateral palmar digital vein and subcutaneous injection in the coronary band. A pneumatic tourniquet was used for the RLP. MSC were labeled with technetium‐HMPAO. Scintigraphic images were obtained at the time of injection, 1, 6, and 24 hours later. Results of RLP were compared with results from previous studies where similar injections were performed in anesthetized horses.ResultsBoth RLP techniques led to greater variability, lower uptake, lower persistence, and poorer distribution when compared to results previously reported for horses under general anesthesia. The subcutaneous injections in the metacarpal area and coronary band resulted in MSC loss to the general circulation but no evidence of local migration.ConclusionDue to partial or complete failure of the tourniquet, RLP performed in the standing horse as described is less efficient than performed under general anesthesia. Further work is needed to optimize the use of tourniquets to perform RLP for MSC administration in standing patients. The subcutaneous injections did not result in local migration in these normal horses.
Effect of Ga2O3 on Sintering and Phase Stability of Sc2O3‐Doped Tetragonal Zirconia Prepared via Aqueous Solution Route
Authors: Hirano Masanori , Kojima Hideo , Minami Hideaki 
Published: October 2014

The effects of the presence of Ga2O3 on low‐temperature sintering and the phase stability of 4, 5, and 6 mol% Sc2O3‐doped tetragonal zirconia ceramics (4ScSZ, 5ScSZ, and 6ScSZ, respectively) were investigated. A series of zirconia sintered bodies with compositions (ZrO2)0.99−x(Sc2O3)x(Ga2O3)0.01, x = 0.04, 0.05, and 0.06 was fabricated by sintering at 1000°C to 1500°C for 1 h using fine powders that were prepared via the combination of homogeneous precipitation method and hydrolysis technique using monoclinic zirconia sols synthesized through the forced hydrolysis of an aqueous solution of zirconium oxychloride at 100°C for 168 h. The presence of 1 mol% Ga2O3 was effective in reducing sintering temperature necessary to fabricate dense bodies and enabled to obtain dense sintered bodies via sintering at 1100°C for 1 h. The phase stability, that is, low‐temperature degradation behavior of the resultant zirconia ceramics was determined under hydrothermal condition. The zirconia ceramics codoped with 1 mol% Ga2O3 and 6 mol% Sc2O3 (1Ga6ScZ) fabricated via sintering at 1300°C for 1 h showed high phase stability without the appearance of monoclinic zirconia phase, that is the tetragonal‐to‐monoclinic phase transformation was not observed in the 1Ga6ScZ after treatment under hydrothermal condition at 150°C for 30 h.
News or Noise? Using Twitter to Identify and Understand Company‐specific News Flow
Authors: Sprenger Timm O. , Sandner Philipp G. , Tumasjan Andranik , Welpe Isabell M. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractThis study presents a methodology for identifying a broad range of real‐world news events based on microblogging messages. Applying computational linguistics to a unique dataset of more than 400,000 S&P 500 stock‐related Twitter messages, we distinguish between good and bad news and demonstrate that the returns prior to good news events are more pronounced than for bad news events. We show that the stock market impact of news events differs substantially across different categories.
Femoral Approach to Lead Extraction
Authors: MULPURU SIVA K. , HAYES DAVID L. , OSBORN MICHAEL J. , ASIRVATHAM SAMUEL J. 
Published: October 2014

Femoral ExtractionLaser and radiofrequency energy–assisted lead extraction has greatly facilitated this complex procedure. Although success rates are high, in some instances alternate methods of extraction are required. In this review, we discuss techniques for femoral extraction of implanted leads and retained fragments. The major tools available, including commonly used snares and delivery tools, are discussed. We briefly describe combined internal jugular and femoral venous extraction approaches, as well as complimentary utilization of more than one technique via the femoral vein. Animated and procedural sequences are included to help the reader visualize the key components of these techniques.
Ezetimibe combined with standard diet and exercise therapy improves insulin resistance and atherosclerotic markers in patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Ohbu‐Murayama Kyoko , Adachi Hisashi , Hirai Yuji , Enomoto Mika , Fukami Ako , Obuchi Aya , Yoshimura Ayako , Nakamura Sachiko , Nohara Yume , Nakao Erika , Umeki Yoko , Fukumoto Yoshihiro 
Published: October 2014

AbstractAims/IntroductionEzetimibe lowers serum lipid levels by inhibiting intestinal absorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol. However, the effect of ezetimibe on insulin resistance remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine this issue in patients with metabolic syndrome in local‐dwelling Japanese, who were not being treated with lipid‐lowering drugs.Materials and MethodsIn 2009, 1,943 participants received a health examination in the Tanushimaru Study, a Japanese cohort of the Seven Countries Study, of whom 490 participants had metabolic syndrome. Among them, 61 participants (41 men and 20 women) were examined in the present study. They were treated with 10 mg of ezetimibe once a day for 24 weeks, combined with standard diet and exercise therapy.ResultsBodyweight (P < 0.001), body mass index (P < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.003), diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.001), triglycerides (P = 0.002), non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.001), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.001) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (P = 0.011) significantly decreased after the observational period. There were no statistically significant differences in the effects of ezetimibe between men and women. Univariate analysis showed that the reduction of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance was not associated with the improvement of other metabolic components.ConclusionsEzetimibe combined with standard diet and exercise therapy improves not only bodyweight and atherogenic lipid profiles, but also insulin resistance, blood pressure and anthropometric factors in metabolic syndrome in local‐dwelling Japanese. Interestingly, the improvement of insulin resistance had no correlation with other metabolic components.
Specialized avian Haemosporida trade reduced host breadth for increased prevalence
Authors: Medeiros M. C. I. , Ellis V. A. , Ricklefs R. E. 
Published: October 2014

AbstractParasite specialization on one or a few host species leads to a reduction in the total number of available host individuals, which may decrease transmission. However, specialists are thought to be able to compensate by increased prevalence in the host population and increased success in each individual host. Here, we use variation in host breadth among a community of avian Haemosporida to investigate consequences of generalist and specialist strategies on prevalence across hosts. We show that specialist parasites are more prevalent than generalist parasites in host populations that are shared between them. Moreover, the total number of infections of generalist and specialist parasites within the study area did not vary significantly with host breadth. This suggests that specialists can infect a similar number of host individuals as generalists, thus compensating for a reduction in host availability by achieving higher prevalence in a single host species. Specialist parasites also tended to infect older hosts, whereas infections by generalists were biased towards younger hosts. We suggest that this reflects different abilities of generalists and specialists to persist in hosts following infection. Higher abundance and increased persistence in hosts suggest that specialists are more effective parasites than generalists, supporting the existence of a trade‐off between host breadth and average host use among these parasites.