bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atypical succession of insects associated with pig cadavers (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758) in Tunja, Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Restrepo-Rúa Mateo , Mancipe-Villamarin Angela Patricia , Guerrero Nidya Alexandra Segura 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Forensic entomology complements medicolegal investigations by studying insects at the crime scene. In Colombia, studies that characterized the succession of cadaver entomofauna have been published. However, in Tunja (Boyacá), the information related to evaluating the decomposition process and the fauna associated with cadavers is incipient. Therefore, this study aimed to describe that process under the environmental conditions of the municipality. Four pig cadavers were used to monitor decomposition and collect the visiting species. We conducted a descriptive statistical analysis with diversity indexes and a canonical correspondence analysis to evaluate the possible relations among decomposition stages, the species, and environmental variables. The observed decomposition process was atypical, presenting a prolonged duration of the early cadaveric phenomena and a low number of arthropods attracted to the cadavers. In total, we collected 1249 arthropods. The Diptera and Coleoptera orders were the most abundant, representing 55.7% and 33.7%, respectively. The Calliphoridae family represented 64.7% of the Diptera fauna succession, with Calliphora vicina and Chrysomya albiceps as the most abundant species and the first colonizers under the conditions of the study zone. The results provide information about the entomofauna associated with decomposing bodies in the municipality of Tunja. Due to the environmental conditions of the study zone, we could demonstrate that factors like rainfall and temperature could delay colonization and the onset times of cadaveric phenomena.
Frailty Status, Sedentary Behaviors, and Risk of Incident Bone Fractures
Authors: Zhou Jian , Tang Rui , Wang Xuan , Ma Hao , Li Xiang , Heianza Yoriko , Qi Lu 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The associations of physical pre-frailty and frailty with bone fractures and the modified effect of sedentary lifestyle remain uncertain. This study was performed to explore the association of physical pre-frailty and frailty with risk of incident bone fractures, and test the modification effects of sedentary lifestyle and other risk factors.

Methods
This cohort study included 413 630 participants without bone fractures at baseline in the UK Biobank study between 2006 and 2010 and followed up to 2021. The mean age of the participants was 56.5 years. A total of 224 351 (54.2%) enrolled participants were female and 376 053 (90.9%) included participants were White. Three Cox regression models were constructed to analyze the association of pre-frailty and frailty with total fractures, hip fractures, vertebrae fractures, and other fractures.

Results
As compared with the physical nonfrailty group, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios were 1.17 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14–1.21) and 1.63 (95% CI: 1.53–1.74) for the physical pre-frailty group and frailty group, respectively (p-trend &lt; .001). In addition, we found that sedentary behavior time significantly accentuated the associations of physical pre-frailty and frailty with total fractures (p-interaction &lt;.001), hip fractures (p-interaction = .013), and other fractures (p-interaction &lt;.001).

Conclusions
Our results indicate that physical pre-frailty and frailty are related to higher risks of bone fractures; such association was more pronounced among those with longer sedentary behavior time.
Chronic Work Discrimination, Allostatic Load, and HbA1c in Older Workers
Authors: Mutambudzi Miriam , Boakye Kelvin , Green Olutoyin , Heffernan Kevin 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background and Objective
Work discrimination is an important public health problem with consequences for health. This study examined the effect of chronic work discrimination on 4-year changes in HbA1c, as a reflection of glucose control and type 2 diabetes risk in older workers and assessed whether allostatic load (AL) affected the strength of this association.

Research Design and Methods
We used Health and Retirement Study data (2010–2016, n = 3,246). Conditional change multinomial logistic regression examined the association between chronic work discrimination, high AL (4 or more out of 8 high-risk biomarkers), and HbA1c, while accounting for relevant covariates.

Results
Black participants had the highest rates of baseline (22.7%) and follow-up (28%) HbA1c levels, AL (38%), and chronic work discrimination (39%; p &lt; .01). Severe chronic work discrimination was associated with elevated HbA1c (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07, 2.43). AL was associated with elevated HbA1c (RRR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.14). Relative to White participants, Hispanic (RRR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.07, 2.16, RRR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.051, 3.12), and Black (RRR = 2.42, 95% CI = 1.82, 3.23; RRR = 3.00, 95% CI = 1.97, 4.56) participants had an increased risk of intermediate and elevated HbA1c, respectively. Among those with long job tenure (≥5 years), both moderate (RRR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.11, 2.96) and severe (RRR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.15, 3.12) chronic work discrimination was associated with elevated HbA1c.

Discussion and Implications
Chronic work discrimination was associated with HbA1c; however, no moderating effects of AL were observed. Findings underscore a need for organizational and public health measures to establish strong anti-discrimination laws in the workplace to improve the work environment of older workers and reduce diabetes risk.
Long-Term Outcomes of Intravenous Ustekinumab Maintenance Treatment in Patients With Loss of Response to Subcutaneous Dosing
Authors: Argüelles-Arias Federico , Rodriguez González F Javier , González Antuña Jaime , Castro Laria Luisa , Gutiérrez Martinez Fernando , Alcaín Martinez Guillermo , Maldonado Pérez Belén , Camargo Camero Raquel , Martos Van Dussen J Victor , Fernández Castañer Alejandra , Valdés Delgado Teresa 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
Ustekinumab (UST) is commonly used to treat Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. However, some patients may experience diminishing response or require increased dosage. Intravenous (IV) UST maintenance is explored as a solution.

Objectives
We sought to evaluate IV UST maintenance effectiveness and safety in inflammatory bowel disease patients with partial or lost subcutaneous UST response.

Methods
This was a multicenter retrospective study of inflammatory bowel disease patients on IV UST maintenance. Clinical response and remission at weeks 12 and 52, defined as Harvey-Bradshaw Index ≤4 for Crohn’s disease or partial Mayo score ≤2 for ulcerative colitis. Objective markers reduction (fecal calprotectin, C-reactive protein), UST trough levels pre- and post-IV maintenance, and adverse events were assessed.

Results
A total of 59 patients were included. Clinical remission at weeks 12 and 52 achieved by 47.5% and 64.3% respectively. 96.6% continued IV UST at follow-up. UST serum levels quadrupled. No adverse events reported.

Conclusions
IV UST maintenance effectively sustained remission in most patients at 52 weeks.
Effect of Overweight and Obesity on the Response to Anti-TNF Therapy and Disease Course in Children With IBD
Authors: Sila Sara , Aloi Marina , Cucinotta Ugo , Gianolio Laura , Granot Maya , Hradsky Ondrej , Hussey Séamus , Kang Ben , Karoliny Anna , Kolho Kaija-Leena , de Laffolie Jan , Lega Sara , Matar Manar , Norsa Lorenzo , Omiwole Sharon , Orlanski-Meyer Esther , Palomino Laura , Rohani Pejman , Scarallo Luca , Sladek Margaret , Sohouli Mohammad Hassan , Urlep Darja , Yerushalmy-Feler Anat , Zifman Eyal , Hojsak Iva 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of overweight and obesity at the start of anti-TNF therapy on treatment response and relapse rate in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods
This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included 22 IBD centers in 14 countries. Children diagnosed with IBD in whom antitumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) was introduced were included; those who were overweight/obese were compared with children who were well/undernourished.

Results
Six hundred thirty-seven children (370 [58%] males; mean age 11.5 ± 3.5 years) were included; 140 (22%) were in the overweight/obese group (OG) and 497 (78%) had BMI ≤1 SD (CG). The mean follow-up time was 141 ± 78 weeks (median 117 weeks). There was no difference in the loss of response (LOR) to anti-TNF between groups throughout the follow-up. However, children in OG had more dose escalations than controls. Male sex and lack of concomitant immunomodulators at the start of anti-TNF were risk factors associated with the LOR. There was no difference in the relapse rate in the first year after anti-TNF introduction; however, at the end of the follow-up, the relapse rate was significantly higher in the OG compared with CG (89 [64%] vs 218 [44%], respectively, P &lt; .001). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that being overweight/obese, having UC, or being of male sex were factors associated with a higher risk for relapse.

Conclusions
Overweight/obese children with IBD were not at a higher risk of LOR to anti-TNF. Relapse in the first year after anti-TNF was introduced, but risk for relapse was increased at the end of follow-up.
Effectiveness of MenB-4C Vaccine Against Gonorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Abara Winston E , Kirkcaldy Robert D , Bernstein Kyle T , Galloway Eboni , Learner Emily R 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
There is no licensed vaccine against gonorrhea, but Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B outer membrane vesicle–based vaccines, such as MenB-4C, may offer cross-protection against gonorrhea. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized the published literature on MenB-4C vaccine effectiveness against gonorrhea.

Methods
We conducted a literature search of electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, Global Health, Scopus, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library) to identify peer-reviewed articles published in English from 1 January 2013 to 11 September 2024 that reported MenB-4C vaccine effectiveness estimates against gonorrhea and gonorrhea/chlamydia coinfection and the duration of MenB-4C vaccine–induced protection. We estimated pooled MenB-4C vaccine effectiveness (≥1 dose) against gonorrhea using the DerSimonian-Laird random effects model.

Results
Eight articles met our eligibility criteria. Receipt of ≥1 dose of MenB-4C vaccine was 23% to 47% effective against gonorrhea. Two doses of MenB-4C vaccine were 33% to 40% effective against gonorrhea, and 1 dose of MenB-4C vaccine was 26% effective. MenB-4C vaccine effectiveness against gonorrhea/chlamydia coinfection was mixed, with 2 studies reporting effectiveness estimates of 32% and 44% and 2 other studies showing no protective effect. MenB-4C vaccine effectiveness against gonorrhea was comparable in people with HIV (44%) and people without HIV (23%–47%). Pooled MenB-4C vaccine effectiveness (≥1 dose) against gonorrhea was 32.4%. One study concluded that MenB-4C vaccine effectiveness against gonorrhea may wane approximately 36 months postvaccination.

Conclusions
MenB-4C vaccine is moderately effective against gonorrhea in various populations. Prospective clinical trials that assess the efficacy of MenB-4C against gonorrhea, gonorrhea/chlamydia coinfection, and duration of protection are warranted to strengthen this evidence.
Anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation by alkylotrophic methanogens in deep oil reservoirs
Authors: Zhang Cui-Jing , Zhou Zhuo , Cha Guihong , Li Ling , Fu Lin , Liu Lai-Yan , Yang Lu , Wegener Gunter , Cheng Lei , Li Meng 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In subsurface biodegraded oil reservoirs, methanogenic biodegradation of crude oil is a common process. This process was previously assigned to the syntrophy of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria and methanogenic archaea. Recent studies showed that archaea of the Candidatus Methanoliparum named as alkylotrophic methanogens couple hydrocarbon degradation and methane production in a single archaeon. To assess the geochemical role of Ca. Methanoliparum, we analyzed the chemical and microbial composition and metabolites of 209 samples from 15 subsurface oil reservoirs across China. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed that 92% of the tested samples were substantially degraded. Molecular analysis showed that 85% of the tested samples contained Ca. Methanoliparum, and 52% of the tested samples harbored multiple alkyl-coenzyme M derivatives, the intercellular metabolites of alkylotrophic archaea. According to metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses, Ca. Methanoliparum dominates hydrocarbon degradation in biodegraded samples from the Changqing, Jiangsu, and Shengli (SL) oilfields, and it is persistently present as shown in a 15-year-long sampling effort at the Shengli oilfield. Together, these findings demonstrate that Ca. Methanoliparum is a widely distributed oil degrader in reservoirs of China, suggesting that alkylotrophic methanogenesis by archaea plays a key role in the alteration of oil reservoirs, thereby expanding our understanding of biogeochemical process in the deep biosphere.
“Making Democracy Safe for the World”: Kenneth Waltz on Realism, Democracy, and War
Authors: MacKay Joseph 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This paper reevaluates the history of how some anti-war realists have assessed the relationship between democracy and armed conflict. To do so, I turn to a central realist figure: Kenneth Waltz. Drawing on newly available archival sources and his published work, I explore Waltz’s shifting relationship with American democracy, foreign policymaking, and war. I focus on his career-long anti-war commitments, tracing his foreign policy engagements over the half century of his academic career. Early on, Waltz argued in favor of American democracy as a source of adaptive, effective foreign policy. Gradually, however, his views shifted. After the Cold War and especially after 9/11, his anti-war beliefs and belief in democratic foreign policymaking came increasingly into tension. He moved from defending American democratic foreign policymaking to calling for structural constraints from without. We see this in Waltz’s late-life endorsement of the Iranian nuclear program, which was motivated not just by his well-known optimism about proliferation, but also by the hope that an Iranian nuclear arsenal would deter American intervention in the Middle East. Waltz’s experience has implications both for how we read his body of work and for how we understand realist attempts to shape foreign policy.
Buckland and the IT Profession
Authors: Aldcroft-Colling Peter , LeClair Beckett , Evans Mark Cross Dafydd , Davey Simon , Goblot Marc , Goucher Wendy , Bellringer Matthew 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Co-created at an online event organised and run by the BCS NeurodiverseiT Specialist Group, this article responds to the Buckland Review of Autism Employment. During the event we explored the five main themes identified by the Buckland Review, and then the implications of what we had discussed for BCS.
Optimization of oral isavuconazole dose for population in special physiological or pathological state: a physiologically based pharmacokinetics model-informed precision dosing
Authors: Zhou Jianxing , Xu Baohua , Zheng You , Huang Huiping , Wei Zipeng , Chen Shengyang , Huang Wei , Liu Maobai , Zhang Yifan , Wu Xuemei 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Objective
To recommend precision dosing and improve therapeutic efficacy against invasive fungal disease, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model (PBPK) of oral isavuconazole (ISA) was established and used to explore its disposition across populations in different physiological and pathological states.

Methods
Twenty-five pharmacokinetic (PK) studies of oral ISA were identified through a systematic search of PubMed. Concentration–time data were extracted using WebPlotDigitizer. Physiochemical parameters were obtained from published literature and DrugBank. Model development and simulation used the Simcyp population-based simulator, and visual predictive check and predictive error were used for the model evaluation. Probability of target attainment and the cumulative fraction of response analyses were performed for dose optimization.

Results
The developed PBPK model was successfully validated in different populations. Most predicted concentration–time points aligned with the observed data, with acceptable predictive errors for the critical parameters. We predicted the PK profiles and parameters of ISA in a population with severe hepatic impairment (HI), a population with obesity and paediatric patients aged 1 to less than 6 years old. The probability of target attainment and cumulative fraction of response analyses indicated that the population with severe HI should have half the maintenance dose. The population with obesity and population with severe HI should have a loading dose of 300 mg every 8 h for 2 days. For paediatric patients aged 1 to less than 6 years old, a weight-based dosing regimen (5.38 mg/kg) of ISA was suggested.

Conclusion
The predicted value aligns with observations, suggesting ISA’s potential predictability in PK profiles for other populations. The recommended dosing regimens increase our understanding of the use of ISA in special populations.
Effects of maize development and phenology on the field infestation dynamics of the European corn borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Revillon Sacha , Dillmann Christine , Galic Nathalie , Bauland Cyril , Palaffre Carine , Malvar Rosa Ana , Butron Ana , Rebaudo François , Legrand Judith 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Phenological match/mismatch between cultivated plants and their pest could impact pest infestation dynamics in the field. To explore how such match/mismatch of plant and pest phenologies may interact with plant defense dynamics, we studied the infestation dynamics of maize by one of its main pests in Europe, the European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis; Lepidoptera: Crambidae). A two-year field experiment was carried out on a collection of 23 maize inbred lines contrasted for their earliness. Each inbred line was sown at three different dates in order to expose different developmental stages of maize to natural European corn borer infestation. The effect of the sowing date depended on the inbred line, the pest generation, and the year. In 2021, the final pest incidence ranged from 36% to 91% depending on inbred lines and sowing date. In 2022, it ranged from 2% to 77%. This variability in final pest incidence can be related to variations in plant development during plant exposure to pest infestation. However, this relationship was not straightforward. Indeed, the shape and intensity of the relationship depended on the timing of the onset of the pest infestation. When infestation occurred while plants were in a vegetative stage, a nonlinear relationship between development and pest incidence was observed with the least and most developed plants being the most infested. When infestation occurred when all plants were in the mature phase, the most developed plants were the least infested. Our results highlight the effect of plant–pest phenological match/mismatch on pest infestation dynamics and underline the importance of taking plant–pest interactions into account to propose relevant control strategies.
G-CSF induces neutrophil extracellular traps formation and promotes ovarian cancer peritoneal dissemination
Authors: Bun Michiko , Kawano Mahiru , Yamamoto Gaku , Sakata Mina , Shimura Kotaro , Toda Aska , Nakamura Koji , Kinose Yasuto , Kodama Michiko , Hashimoto Kae , Kobayashi Eiji , Sawada Kenjiro , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is characterized by aggressive peritoneal dissemination. Neutrophils are mobilized to peritoneal cavity in some patients with ovarian cancer dissemination; however, its pathological significance remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in ovarian cancer dissemination. We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data and samples from 340 patients with ovarian cancer who underwent primary surgery between 2007 and 2016 at the Osaka University Hospital. In vitro, NETs formation was induced by stimulating human peripheral neutrophils. The human ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR8, was cocultured with NETs. For an ovarian cancer dissemination mouse model, we performed an intraperitoneal injection of OVCAR8 cells into nude mice. The association between NETs and peritoneal dissemination was explored, and model mice were treated with the PAD4 inhibitor GSK484 to assess antitumor efficacy. Neutrophilia (neutrophil count &gt;7000/mm3) correlated with shorter survival, advanced peritoneal dissemination, elevated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels, increased neutrophil count in ascites, and augmented NETs foci in peritoneal dissemination sites. In vitro assays revealed that G-CSF stimulated neutrophils to form NETs, promoting cancer cell adhesion. In vivo investigations revealed that G-CSF–producing tumor-bearing mice had accelerated peritoneal dissemination and poor prognosis. NETs formation was pathologically observed at the peritoneal dissemination sites. Inhibition of NETs formation by GSK484 significantly delayed peritoneal dissemination in vivo. In conclusion, G-CSF was associated with intra-abdominal NETs formation and increased peritoneal dissemination. NETs represent potential therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer, particularly in patients with neutrophilia.
Immune and gene-expression profiling in estrogen receptor low and negative early breast cancer
Authors: Massa Davide , Vernieri Claudio , Nicolè Lorenzo , Criscitiello Carmen , Boissière-Michot Florence , Guiu Séverine , Bobrie Angélique , Griguolo Gaia , Miglietta Federica , Vingiani Andrea , Lobefaro Riccardo , Taurelli Salimbeni Beatrice , Pinato Claudia , Schiavi Francesca , Brich Silvia , Pescia Carlo , Fusco Nicola , Pruneri Giancarlo , Fassan Matteo , Curigliano Giuseppe , Guarneri Valentina , Jacot William , Dieci Maria Vittoria 
Published: August 2024

Abstract

Background
The cutoff of &lt;1% positive cells to define estrogen receptor (ER) negativity by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in breast cancer (BC) is debated. We explored the tumor immune microenvironment and gene-expression profile of patients with early-stage HER2-negative ER-low (ER 1%-9%) BC, comparing them to ER-negative (ER &lt;1%) and ER-intermediate (ER 10%-50%) tumors.

Methods
Among 921 patients with early-stage I-III, ER ≤50%, HER2-negative BCs, tumors were classified as ER-negative (n = 712), ER-low (n = 128), or ER-intermediate (n = 81). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were evaluated. CD8+, FOXP3+ cells, and PD-L1 status were assessed by IHC and quantified by digital pathology. We analyzed 776 BC-related genes in 116 samples. All tests were 2-sided at a &lt;.05 significance level.

Results
ER-low and ER-negative tumors exhibited similar median TILs, statistically significantly higher than ER-intermediate tumors. CD8/FOXP3 ratio and PD-L1 positivity rates were comparable between ER-low and ER-negative groups. These groups showed similar enrichment in basal-like intrinsic subtypes and comparable expression of immune-related genes. ER-low and ER-intermediate tumors showed significant transcriptomic differences. High TILs (≥30%) were associated with improved relapse-free survival (RFS) in ER-low (5-year RFS 78.6% vs 66.2%, log-rank P = .033, hazard ratio [HR] 0.37 [95% CI = 0.15 to 0.96]) and ER-negative patients (5-year RFS 85.2% vs 69.8%, log-rank P &lt; .001, HR 0.41 [95% CI = 0.27 to 0.60]).

Conclusions
ER-low and ER-negative tumors are similar biological and molecular entities, supporting their comparable clinical outcomes and treatment responses, including to immunotherapy. Our findings contribute to the growing evidence calling for a reevaluation of ER-positive BC classification and management, aligning ER-low and ER-negative tumors more closely.