bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat penetration and thermocouple location in home canning
Authors: Etzel Mark R. , Willmore Paola , Ingham Barbara H. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractWe processed applesauce, tomato juice, and cranberries in pint jars in a boiling water canner to test thermal processing theories against home canning of high‐acid foods. For each product, thermocouples were placed at various heights in the jar. Values for fh (heating), fcl (cooling), and F82.2°C (lethality) were determined for each thermocouple location, and did not depend substantially on thermocouple location in accordance with heat transfer theory. There was a cold spot in the jar, but the cold spot during heating became the hot spot during cooling. During heating, the geometric center was the last to heat, and remained coldest the longest, but during coooling, it was also the last to cool, and remained hottest the longest. The net effect was that calculated lethality in home canning was not affected by thermocouple location. Most of the lethality during home canning occurred during air cooling, making cooling of home canned foods of great importance. Calculated lethality was far greater than the required 5‐log reduction of spores in tomato juice and vegetative cells in cranberries, suggesting a wide margin of safety for approved home‐canning processes for high‐acid foods.
CAUSES FOR CONCERN: IS NICE FAILING TO UPHOLD ITS RESPONSIBILITIES TO ALL NHS PATIENTS?
Authors: Claxton Karl , Sculpher Mark , Palmer Stephen , Culyer Anthony J 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTOrganisations across diverse health care systems making decisions about the funding of new medical technologies face extensive stakeholder and political pressures. As a consequence, there is quite understandable pressure to take account of other attributes of benefit and to fund technologies, even when the opportunity costs are likely exceed the benefits they offer. Recent evidence suggests that NICE technology appraisal is already approving drugs where more health is likely to be lost than gained. Also, NICE recently proposed increasing the upper bound of the cost‐effectiveness threshold to reflect other attributes of benefit but without a proper assessment of the type of benefits that are expected to be displaced. It appears that NICE has taken a direction of travel, which means that more harm than good is being, and will continue to be, done, but it is unidentified NHS patients who bear the real opportunity costs. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Challenging the need for random directed biopsies of the nasopharynx, pyriform sinus, and contralateral tonsil in the workup of unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Tanzler Emily D. , Amdur Robert J. , Morris Christopher G. , Werning John W. , Mendenhall William M. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundMany guidelines recommend random directed biopsies of the nasopharynx, contralateral tonsil, and hypopharynx to evaluate an unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. There are no published data documenting the need for these recommendations. The purpose of our study was to report the rate of positive blind biopsies in this setting.MethodsWe recorded the rate of positive random directed biopsies performed as part of the workup for 156 patients treated with radiotherapy between 1985 and 2014 for an unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma presenting with the main location of adenopathy in nodal stations 2, 3, 4, or 5.ResultsRate of positive result by subsite: nasopharynx and pyriform sinus = 0%; tonsillectomy: ipsilateral = 39%, bilateral = 6%; and base of tongue = 18%.ConclusionWith modern imaging, random directed biopsies of the nasopharynx and hypopharynx are unnecessary in the workup of unknown primary squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 578–581, 2016
Oropharyngeal cancer as a driver of racial outcome disparities in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: 10‐year experience at the University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center
Authors: Zandberg Dan P. , Liu Sandy , Goloubeva Olga , Ord Robert , Strome Scott E. , Suntharalingam Mohan , Taylor Rodney , Morales Robert E. , Wolf Jeffrey S. , Zimrin Ann , Lubek Joshua E. , Schumaker Lisa M. , Cullen Kevin J. 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundRacial outcome disparities have been observed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with diminished survival for black patients compared with white patients.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 1318 patients with primary HNSCC treated at the University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center (UMGCC) from 2000 to 2010.ResultsOf all the patients, 65.9% were white, 30.7% were black, and 3.3% were of other races. Black patients were less likely to present with oral cavity cancer, and more likely to present with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancers. White patients were more likely to have early stage disease, especially in the oral cavity. Black race was independently associated with worse overall survival (OS) in the entire cohort. Black patients had a significantly worse OS among oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers, with the largest disparity in oropharyngeal cancer. However, in multivariate analysis, race was only still significant in oropharyngeal cancer.ConclusionWe observed differences by race in distribution of disease site, stage, and OS. Survival disparity in the entire cohort was driven mostly by differences among oropharyngeal cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 564–572, 2016
Traction injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: Results of continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring in a swine model
Authors: Lee Hye Yoon , Cho Young Geon , You Ji Young , Choi Byoung Ho , Kim Joon Yub , Wu Che‐Wei , Chiang Feng‐Yu , Kim Hoon Yub 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundRecurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy is the most serious complication after thyroidectomy. However, little is known about the degree of traction injury that causes loss of signal. The purpose of this study was to evaluate traction injuries in the swine RLN using continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) and determine the traction power that results in loss of signal.MethodsThirteen swine underwent traction injury to the RLNs with continuous IONM, and stress‐strain curves were determined for 8 nerves using the universal material testing machine in an ex vivo model.ResultsTraction injury at a mean power of 2.83 MPa caused loss of signal. The mean physiologic limit strain and tensile strength of the swine RLNs were found to be 15.0% and 4.9 MPa, respectively. Histological analysis showed no abnormal structural findings.ConclusionTraction injury of swine RLNs causes loss of signal at a power of 2.83 MPa. However, all injured nerves recovered within 7 days with no observed structural damage. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 582–588, 2016
Impact of postoperative magnesium levels on early hypocalcemia and permanent hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy
Authors: Garrahy Aoife , Murphy Matthew S. , Sheahan Patrick 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTBackgroundPostoperative hypocalcemia is a common complication of thyroidectomy. Magnesium is known to modulate serum calcium levels and hypomagnesemia may impede correction of hypocalcemia. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether hypomagnesemia after thyroidectomy has any impact on early hypocalcemia and/or permanent hypoparathyroidism.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of prospectively maintained databases. Inclusion criteria were total or completion total thyroidectomy with postoperative magnesium levels available. The incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia was correlated with postoperative hypomagnesemia and other risk factors.ResultsTwo hundred one cases were included. Twenty‐six patients (13%) developed postoperative hypomagnesemia. Hypomagnesemia (p = .002), cancer diagnosis (p = .01), central neck dissection (p = .02), and inadvertent parathyroid resection (p = .02) were significantly associated with hypocalcemia. On multivariate analysis, only hypomagnesemia (p = .005) remained significant. Hypomagnesemia was also a significant predictor of permanent hypoparathyroidism (p = .0004).ConclusionHypomagnesemia is significantly associated with early hypocalcemia and permanent hypoparathyroidism after thyroidectomy. Magnesium levels should be closely monitored in patients with postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 613–619, 2016
The mTOR and canonical Wnt signaling pathways mediate the mnemonic effects of progesterone in the dorsal hippocampus
Authors: Fortress Ashley M. , Heisler John D. , Frick Karyn M. 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTAlthough much is known about the neural mechanisms responsible for the mnemonic effects of 17β‐estradiol (E2), very little is understood about the mechanisms through which progesterone (P4) regulates memory. We previously showed that intrahippocampal infusion of P4 in ovariectomized female mice enhances object recognition (OR) memory consolidation in a manner dependent on activation of dorsal hippocampal ERK and mTOR signaling. However, the role of specific progesterone receptors (PRs) in mediating the effects of progesterone on memory consolidation and hippocampal cell signaling are unknown. Therefore, the goals of this study were to investigate the roles of membrane‐associated and intracellular PRs in mediating hippocampal memory consolidation, and identify downstream cell signaling pathways activated by PRs. Membrane‐associated PRs were targeted using bovine serum albumin‐conjugated progesterone (BSA‐P), and intracellular PRs (PR‐A, PR‐B) were targeted using the intracellular PR agonist R5020. Immediately after OR training, ovariectomized mice received bilateral dorsal hippocampal infusion of vehicle, P4, BSA‐P, or R5020. OR memory consolidation was enhanced by P4, BSA‐P, and R5020. However, only P4 and BSA‐P activated ERK and mTOR signaling. Furthermore, dorsal hippocampal infusion of the ERK inhibitor U0126 blocked the memory‐enhancing effects of BSA‐P, but not R5020. The intracellular PR antagonist RU486 blocked the memory‐enhancing effects of R5020, but not BSA‐P. Interestingly, P4 robustly activated canonical Wnt signaling in the dorsal hippocampus, which is consistent with our recent findings that canonical Wnt signaling is necessary for OR memory consolidation. R5020, but not BSA‐P, also elicited a modest increase in canonical Wnt signaling. Collectively, these data suggest that activation of ERK signaling is necessary for membrane‐associated PRs to enhance OR, and indicate a role for canonical Wnt signaling in the memory‐enhancing effects of intracellular PRs. This study provides the first evidence that membrane and intracellular PRs may employ different molecular mechanisms to enhance hippocampal memory. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chaperoned amyloid proteins for immune manipulation: α‐Synuclein/Hsp70 shifts immunity toward a modulatory phenotype
Authors: Labrador‐Garrido Adahir , Cejudo‐Guillén Marta , Klippstein Rebecca , De Genst Erwin J. , Tomas‐Gallardo Laura , Leal María M. , Villadiego Javier , Toledo‐Aral Juan J. , Dobson Christopher M. , Pozo David , Roodveldt Cintia 
Published: December 2014

Abstractα‐Synuclein (αSyn) is a 140‐residue amyloid‐forming protein whose aggregation is linked to Parkinson's disease (PD). It has also been found to play a critical role in the immune imbalance that accompanies disease progression, a characteristic that has prompted the search for an effective αSyn‐based immunotherapy. In this study, we have simultaneously exploited two important features of certain heat‐shock proteins (HSPs): their classical “chaperone” activities and their recently discovered and diverse “immunoactive” properties. In particular, we have explored the immune response elicited by immunization of C57BL/6 mice with an αSyn/Hsp70 protein combination in the absence of added adjuvant. Our results show differential effects for mice immunized with the αSyn/Hsp70 complex, including a restrained αSyn‐specific (IgM and IgG) humoral response as well as minimized alterations in the Treg (CD4+CD25+Foxp3+) and Teff (CD4+Foxp3−) cell populations, as opposed to significant changes in mice immunized with αSyn and Hsp70 alone. Furthermore, in vitro‐stimulated splenocytes from immunized mice showed the lowest relative response against αSyn challenge for the “αSyn/Hsp70” experimental group as measured by IFN‐γ and IL‐17 secretion, and higher IL‐10 levels when stimulated with LPS. Finally, serum levels of Th1‐cytokine IFN‐γ and immunomodulatory IL‐10 indicated a unique shift toward an immunomodulatory/immunoprotective phenotype in mice immunized with the αSyn/Hsp70 complex. Overall, we propose the use of functional “HSP‐chaperoned amyloid/aggregating proteins” generated with appropriate HSP‐substrate protein combinations, such as the αSyn/Hsp70 complex, as a novel strategy for immune‐based intervention against synucleinopathies and other amyloid or “misfolding” neurodegenerative disorders.
Holographic imaging of unlabelled sperm cells for semen analysis: a review
Authors: Di Caprio Giuseppe , Ferrara Maria Antonietta , Miccio Lisa , Merola Francesco , Memmolo Pasquale , Ferraro Pietro , Coppola Giuseppe 
Published: December 2014

Male reproductive health in both humans and animals is an important research field in biological study. In order to characterize the morphology, the motility and the concentration of the sperm cells, which are the most important parameters to feature them, digital holography demonstrated to be an attractive technique. Indeed, it is a label‐free, non‐invasive and high‐resolution method that enables the characterization of live specimen. The review is intended both for summarizing the state‐of‐art on the semen analysis and recent achievement obtained by means of digital holography and for exploring new possible applications of digital holography in this field.
Quantitative phase maps of living swimming spermatozoa.magnified imageQuantitative phase maps of living swimming spermatozoa.
Effect of Recent Spinal Cord Injury on Wnt Signaling Antagonists (Sclerostin and Dkk-1) and Their Relationship With Bone Loss. A 12-Month Prospective Study
Authors: Gifre Laia , Vidal Joan , Carrasco Josep L , Filella Xavier , Ruiz-Gaspà Silvia , Muxi Africa , Portell Enric , Monegal Ana , Guañabens Nuria , Peris Pilar 
Published: December 2014

Abstract

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has been associated with a marked increase in bone loss and bone remodeling, especially short-term after injury. The absence of mechanical load, mediated by osteocyte mechanosensory function, seems to be a causative factor related to bone loss in this condition. However, the pathogenesis and clinical management of this process remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the effect of recent SCI on the Wnt pathway antagonists, sclerostin and Dickkopf (Dkk-1), and their relationship with bone turnover and bone mineral density (BMD) evolution. Forty-two patients (aged 35 ± 14yrs) with a recent (&lt;6months) complete SCI were prospectively included. Sclerostin and Dkk-1, bone turnover markers (bone formation: PINP, bone ALP; resorption: sCTx) and BMD (lumbar spine, proximal femur, total body and lower extremities [DXA]) were assessed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. The results were compared with a healthy control group. 22/42 patients completed the 12-month follow-up. At baseline, SCI patients showed a marked increase in bone markers (PINP and sCTx), remaining significantly increased at up to 6 months of follow-up. Additionally, they presented significantly increased Dkk-1 values throughout the study, whereas sclerostin values did not significantly change. BMD markedly decreased at the proximal femur (-20.2 ± 5.4%, p &lt; 0.01), total body (-5.7 ± 2.2%, p = 0.02) and lower extremities (-13.1 ± 4.5%, p = 0.01) at 12 months. Consequently, 59% of patients developed densitometric osteoporosis at 12 months. Patients with higher Dkk-1 values (&gt;58 pmol/L) at baseline showed higher sublesional BMD loss. In conclusion, this study shows that short-term after SCI there is a marked increase in bone turnover and bone loss, the latter associated with an increase in Dkk-1 serum levels. The persistence of increased levels of this Wnt antagonist throughout the study and their relationship with the magnitude of bone loss suggests a contributory role of this mediator in this process. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Synthesis of beta‐cyclodextrin‐grafted‐alginate and its application for removing methylene blue from water solution
Authors: Yang Ji‐sheng , Han Su‐ya , Yang Li , Zheng Hai‐cheng 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDBeta‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) has a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic internal cavity which gives it the ability to form a host–guest complex. Sodium alginate (NaAlg) is a natural polysaccharide which can form a hydrogel in the presence of divalent cations.RESULTSThe degree of substitution (DS) of the resulting β‐CD grafted alginate was 12%. The adsorption ratio of β‐CD to methylene blue (MB) was close to 2:1 which agreed with the theoretical value. The inclusion property of the Alg‐β‐CD/MB‐Ca hydrogel was excellent and stable. The hydrogel could be disintegrated easily with the aid of Na2CO3, and the Alg‐β‐CD sol obtained could be reused.CONCLUSIONThis study indicated that the method of aggregation–disintegration of the prepared hydrogel used to adsorb MB from water was effective and could be reused. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Invasive carcinoma derived from “flat type” branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: impact of classification according to the height of mural nodule on endoscopic ultrasonography
Authors: Koshita Shinsuke , Fujita Naotaka , Noda Yutaka , Kobayashi Go , Ito Kei , Horaguchi Jun , Kanno Yoshihide , Ogawa Takahisa , Masu Kaori , Michikawa Yousuke , Iwashita Yuji , Sawai Takashi , Uzuki Miwa , Fujishima Fumiyoshi 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBackgroundIt has been reported that many branch duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD‐IPMN) with a mural nodule (MN) reveal adenocarcinomas. On the other hand, invasive cancer derived from BD‐IPMN without MN on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) also exists. The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinicopathological features of invasive cancer derived from BD‐IPMN without MN on EUS.MethodsTwenty‐one patients pathologically diagnosed with invasive cancer derived from BD‐IPMN were included in this study.ResultsBased on the height of MNs on EUS, the subjects could be clearly classified as 12 patients whose background BD‐IPMNs had high MNs (nodule‐forming type IPMN) and nine whose background BD‐IPMNs showed no MNs (flat type IPMN). The background BD‐IPMN of the 12 patients with nodule‐forming type IPMN were non‐gastric type. On the other hand, the background BD‐IPMN of the nine patients with flat type IPMN was gastric type. The recurrence rate was higher (33% vs. 67%) and the 5‐year survival was worse (76% vs. 33%) in flat type IPMN.ConclusionsThere may be a pathway for the development of invasive cancer without the formation of an MN in BD‐IPMN, and attention should be paid even to the patients with BD‐IPMN which does not present an MN.
Muscle optimization techniques impact the magnitude of calculated hip joint contact forces
Authors: Wesseling Mariska , Derikx Loes C. , de Groote Friedl , Bartels Ward , Meyer Christophe , Verdonschot Nico , Jonkers Ilse 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTIn musculoskeletal modelling, several optimization techniques are used to calculate muscle forces, which strongly influence resultant hip contact forces (HCF). The goal of this study was to calculate muscle forces using four different optimization techniques, i.e., two different static optimization techniques, computed muscle control (CMC) and the physiological inverse approach (PIA). We investigated their subsequent effects on HCFs during gait and sit to stand and found that at the first peak in gait at 15–20% of the gait cycle, CMC calculated the highest HCFs (median 3.9 times peak GRF (pGRF)). When comparing calculated HCFs to experimental HCFs reported in literature, the former were up to 238% larger. Both static optimization techniques produced lower HCFs (median 3.0 and 3.1 pGRF), while PIA included muscle dynamics without an excessive increase in HCF (median 3.2 pGRF). The increased HCFs in CMC were potentially caused by higher muscle forces resulting from co‐contraction of agonists and antagonists around the hip. Alternatively, these higher HCFs may be caused by the slightly poorer tracking of the net joint moment by the muscle moments calculated by CMC. We conclude that the use of different optimization techniques affects calculated HCFs, and static optimization approached experimental values best. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:???–???, 2015.
Relationship between physical impairments and movement patterns during gait in patients with end‐stage hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Zeni, Joseph , Pozzi Federico , Abujaber Sumayah , Miller Laura 
Published: December 2014

ABSTRACTPatients with hip osteoarthritis demonstrate limited range of motion, muscle weakness, and altered biomechanics; however, few studies have evaluated the relationships between physical impairments and movement asymmetries. The purpose of this study was to identify the physical impairments related to movement abnormalities in patients awaiting total hip arthroplasty. We hypothesized that muscle weakness and pain would be related to greater movement asymmetries. Fifty‐six subjects who were awaiting total hip arthroplasty were enrolled. Pain was assessed using a 0–10 scale, range of motion was assessed with the Harris Hip Score and isometric hip abductor strength was tested using a hand‐held dynamometer. Trunk, pelvis and hip angles and moments in the frontal and sagittal planes were measured during walking using three dimensional motion analysis. During gait, subjects had 3.49 degrees less peak hip flexion and 8.82 degrees less extension angles (p < 0.001) and had 0.03 Nm/k*m less hip adduction moment on the affected side (p = 0.043). Weaker hip muscles were related to greater pelvis (r = −0.291) and trunk (r = −0.332) rotations in the frontal plane. These findings suggest that hip weakness drives abnormal movement patterns at the pelvis and trunk in patients with hip osteoarthritis to a greater degree than hip pain. © 2014 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:???–???, 2015.
A rapid and effective approach for on‐site assessment of total carotenoid content in wolfberry juice during processing
Authors: Zheng Xiaodong , Zhu Fengtao , Wu Maoyu , Yan Xinhuan , Meng Xiaomeng , Song Ye 
Published: December 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDCarotenoid content analysis in wolfberry processed products has mainly focused on the determination of zeaxanthin or zeaxanthin dipalmitate, which cannot indicate the total carotenoid content (TCC) in wolfberries.RESULTSWe have exploited an effective approach for rapid extraction of carotenoid from wolfberry juice and determined TCC using UV–visible spectrophotometry. Several solvent mixtures, adsorption wavelengths of carotenoid extracts and extraction procedures were investigated. The optimal solvent mixture with broad spectrum polarity was hexane–ethanol–acetone (2:1:1) and optimal wavelength was 456 nm. There was no significant difference of TCC in wolfberry juice between direct extraction and saponification extraction.CONCLUSIONThe developed method for assessment of TCC has been successfully employed in quality evaluation of wolfberry juice under different processing conditions. This measurement approach has inherent advantages (simplicity, rapidity, effectiveness) that make it appropriate for obtaining on‐site information of TCC in wolfberry juice during processing. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry