bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exophytic renal angiomyolipoma and perirenal liposarcoma: revisiting the role of CT for differential diagnosis
Authors: Woo Sungmin , Kim Sang Youn , Cho Jeong Yeon , Kim Seung Hyup , Lee Myoung Seok 
Published: February 2015

Background Exophytic renal angiomyolipoma and liposarcoma are two representative tumors in the retroperitoneum with fatty components that have potential to be misdiagnosed with each other. Purpose To compare the computed tomography (CT) findings of exophytic renal angiomyolipoma and perirenal liposarcoma. Material and Methods Fourteen and 16 cases with histologically-proven exophytic renal angiomyolipoma and perirenal liposarcoma, respectively, with preoperative CT from January 2000 to December 2013 were reviewed by two radiologists blinded to the clinical and pathological findings for an array of CT findings. These findings were compared between exophytic renal angiomyolipoma and perirenal liposarcoma using the Student t-test and Fisher’s exact test. Results Patients with exophytic renal angiomyolipoma were younger ( P = 0.001) without differences in sex ( P = 1.000). Exophytic renal angiomyolipomas were smaller ( P = 0.004) and more commonly showed the following findings: renal parenchymal defect ( P < 0.001), multiple linear vessels ( P = 0.026), aneurysmal dilatation of intratumoral vessels ( P = 0.024), renal parenchymal vascular pedicle ( P < 0.001), hemorrhage ( P = 0.037), encapsulated margin ( P = 0.001), and other intrarenal fatty lesions ( P = 0.037). No significant difference was seen in laterality, renal hilar vascular pedicle, non-fatty soft tissue nodule, calcification, or kidney displacement ( P = 0.236–1.000). Conclusion Several CT findings were significantly different between exophytic renal angiomyolipoma and perirenal liposarcoma and may be helpful for differentiating between the two entities when confronting a fatty mass in the perirenal space.
Charge-transfer Complex Formed with Bowl-shaped Corannulene as Electron Donor and Planar 7,7,8,8-Tetracyanoquinodimethane as Electron Acceptor
Authors: Yoshida Yukihiro , Isomura Kazuhide , Nakamura Yuto , Kishida Hideo , Saito Gunzi 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Vacuum cosublimation gave the first charge-transfer (CT) solid of π-bowl corannulene as an electron donor with π-planar 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) as an electron acceptor, which consists of segregated and alternating columns. In the latter column, hub carbons with significant HOMO coefficients form π–π interactions with adjacent TCNQ only on the convex side of the corannulene, resulting in the difference in the CT interaction between the two sides.
On the issue of supply and demand of marketing specialists in the Ulyanovsk region
Authors: ��������  , Saburova Marina , �������  , Galeeva R. 
Published: February 2015

Many publications of Russian and foreign researchers tell about need of critical reconsideration of programs of marketing education. The priority in this
process is taken by a problem of reduction of the content of vocational training of marketing specialists in compliance with the requirements of labor
market. The cause is that, on the one hand, the demand of graduates is observed by labor market, on the other hand - employers are not quite satisfied
with the level of their competence. Results of research of a demand of marketing specialists by labor market of the Ulyanovsk region and poll of the high
school teachers participating in vocational training of marketing specialists about the formed competences and personal characteristics of future marketing
specialists are presented in this article. In the article the attention to a question of is also paid what professional knowledge, abilities and personal
qualities is not enough for the young specialists in marketing who just left walls of higher education institution, ways of overcoming of barriers &#34;good
theoretical base - bad orientation to practical activities&#34; within training are given in higher education institution. In the conclusion the conclusion about
what &#34;portrait&#34; of the modern marketing specialist who left walls of higher education institution is drawn.
Notes on monotonically metacompact
generalized ordered spaces
Authors: Xu Ai-Jun 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In this paper, we show that any generalized ordered space X is monotonically (countably) metacompact
if and only if the subspace X - { x } is monotonically (countably) metacompact for every point x of X and monotone
(countable) metacompact property is hereditary with respect to convex (open) subsets in generalized ordered spaces.
In addition, we show the equivalence of two questions posed by H.R. Bennett, K.P. Hart and D.J. Lutzer.
Kinetic Energy Release and Metastable Transitions II. The Decomposition of Doubly-Charged Ions of Aliphatic and Alicyclic Hydrocarbons
Authors: Barber M. , Jennings K. R . 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The decompositions of doubly-charged ions given by a number of C3 -C8 aliphatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons have been investigated in a double-focusing mass spectrometer. Many processes were found in which high kinetic energy CH3
+ and C2H3
+ ions are formed. Doubly-charged ions fragment by more than one route and in many cases, high kinetic energy fragment ions are formed in at least two different ways. Metastable transitions common to several compounds were observed, the intensities rising as the degree of unsaturation increased.
Effect of Lattice Disorder on the Line Shape of NMR Spin Echo Signals
Authors: Mehring M , Kanert O 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The spin echo line shapes of Rb87 and Br79.81 have been measured in undeformed and plasti­cally deformed RbBr single crystals. Analysis of the line shape of the measured echoes shows that the quadrupolar part of the echoes is given by point defects in the case of undeformed crystals, whereas in deformed crystals this term is determined by dislocations. A quantitative evaluation of the width of the quadrupolar shape yields the mean dislocation density in the samples as a function of the shear stress acting during the deformation. It was found that the square root of the dislocation density is proportional to the shear stress.
Raman Spectra of Cinnabar (HgS), Realgar (As4S4) and Orpiment (As2S3)
Authors: Scheuermann W. , Ritter G. J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The Raman shifts in naturally occurring cinnabar (HgS), realgar (As4S4) and orpiment (As2S3) have been measured at room temperature using a photoelectrically recording Raman spectrometer with He-Ne laser excitation at 6328 Å. By using the infra-red spectra of these compounds it was possible to make a partial assignment of these shifts. The number and symmetries of the Raman active phonons were calculated for the covalently bonded "sub-units". Most of the theoretically predicted vibrations were observed. The theory that realgar and orpiment are built from the same structural units could be supported.
The Ground-State Energy of Anisotropie Spin-Spin Interaction in One-Dimensional Chain
Authors: Jannussis A. D. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In the present work the integral equation of Yang and Yang is studied by the method of moments. In general the solution of the integral equation is reducible to a linear algebraic system which can be solved only approximately. From the solution of the system the ground-state energy and the magnetization of the anisotropic spin-spin interaction in a one-dimensional chain is de­termined.
Über die Abnahme von Elektronenzentren in 60Co-γ-bestrahltem polykristallinem NaCl bei Adsorption von Gasen
Authors: Rabe J. R. , Joppien G. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Ionizing radiation generates color centers in sodium chloride. On adsorption of gases on preir-radiated salt the concentration of electron centers decreases. Adsorbed azoethane partly decomposes forming nitrogen. About one to five electron centers disappear per nitrogen molecule formed depending on experimental conditions (temperature, amount of azoethane adsorbed and pretreatment of the salt). Electron centers disappear and nitrogen is formed with identical rates following first order kinetics. It is suggested that adsorbed molecules interacting with the surface cause electrons or holes to escape from their traps and eventually to recombine.
The Effect of the Anion Polarization on the Cationic Mobilities in Nitrate Binary Mixtures
Authors: Wagner Vittoriano , Berra Emilio , Forcheri Sandro 
Published: February 2015

The electrical perturbation induced by the simultaneous presence of two different cations near the anion (which is the frame of reference) is indicated as main factor influencing the internal mobilities in dilute solutions of monovalent nitrates in NaNO3 .
By extending the mobility isotherm derived on the basis of the previous assumptions to a larger concentration range, an equivalent conductivity isotherm is proposed.
Einzelionennachweis mit einem Öldampfzählrohr im Proportionalbereich
Authors: Wilmsmeyer K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Es wurde ein Zählrohr mit offenem Fenster gebaut, dessen Kupferwände auf 160 °C erwärmt werden. Damit lassen sich mit Öldampf von 0,3 Torr als Zählgas bei 550 Volt Spannung 2 keV-Ionen nachweisen. Bei etwas höheren Energien (3 keV) werden Ansprechwahrscheinlichkeiten größer als 99% erzielt; mindestens bis M = 131 (Xe) wird die Massendiskriminierung kleiner als 1‰ pro Masseneinheit. Bei Verwendung von Octoil-Dampf erreicht man bei guter Reproduzierbarkeit einen Nulleffekt von wenigen Impulsen pro Minute. - Die theoretische Erklärung der Versuchsergebnisse, besonders des zu den üblichen Proportionalzählern unterschiedlichen Verhaltens, brachte darüber hinaus einen aufschlußreichen Einblick in den Verstärkungsmechanismus bei extrem niedrigen Zählgasdrucken.
Viskositätsanomalien in Flüssigkeitsgrenzzonen. I. Zur hydrodynamischen Theorie zweier in Flüssigkeit gegeneinander bewegter, verschieden geformter Festkörperflächen
Authors: Peschel G. , Adlfinger K. H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Starting from a hydrodynamic basic equation given by Reynolds a relation is derived which describes the kinetics of the approach of a spherically formed and a plane solid plate in a liquid with a viscosity coefficient η under the action of a force K.
Liquids which show a molecular long range orientation up to a distance of about 10-5 cm in the immediate neighbourhood of a solid surface have an enhanced viscosity coefficient in this surface zone as some authors found by determining the flux emitted from very thin capillaries. The problem of the kinetics of two differently formed solid plates approaching to extremely small distances is solved for this case.
Störung der kohärenten Lichtstreuung bei Level-crossing-Experimenten am Rb I-Spektrum durch Edelgasatome
Authors: Grosswendt B. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Level crossing signals in the 62P3/2-state of both Rb85 and Rb87 have been detected in the presence of noble gas ad-mixtures. From the analysis of the signal linewidths in their dependence on the noble gas pressure the cross sections for Rb85-Ar, Rb85-He, Rb87-Kr and Rb87-He have been derived.
Systematische Untersuchungen der dynamischen Protonenpolarisation in organischen Kristallen mit eingebauten Radikalzentren
Authors: Grude K. , Müller-Warmuth W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In order to produce high proton polarizations, several organic hydrocarbons have been doped with stable free radical molecules. Through the "solid state effect" a part of the electronic polarization in a magnetic field has been transferred to the protons of these materials. For this purpose, the "forbidden electronic transitions" of the combined electron-proton system have been saturated at about 37 GHz. The enhancement factor of the dynamic proton polarization was measured by pulsed NMR at 56 MHz. In phenanthrene with about 4 w.% bis-diphenylen-phenylallyl (BPA) a maximum polarization of 10.5% has been obtained at 1.5 °K and 13 200 gauss. This value may be increased by extending the temperature and magnetic field range. Systematic investigations in numerous organic systems have been carried out and have particularly yielded data on the frequency dependence and on the saturation behaviour of the enhancement curves. - Spin temperature theories of dynamic polarization have been considered to explain the results and to find possibilities for improving the polarization. In particular, the exchange interaction of the radicals and the distinction between relaxing and polarizing paramagnetic centres had to be taken into account.
Notizen: Fallout der chinesischen Kernwaffenexplosion vom 27.12.1968
Authors: Fahland J. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Short-lived radionuclides have been measured in fallout of the Chinese nuclear test of Dec. 27th, 1968. The measured yield ratios of the nuclides 95Zr,111Ag, 115Cd, 156Eu, 237U and 239Np have been corrected for fractionation effects and compared to calculated ratios. Free parameters of the calculation such as most frequent neutron energy, time integrated neutron flux, and fission material were adjusted by means of a least square criterion. The most frequent energy was found to be 5 keV. The corresponding Maxwellian time integrated flux was 3·1023 n/cm2 . In addition, a 14 MeV-time integrated flux of 1·1023 n/cm2 had to be assumed. The converted fission material was 235U and 238 U with 15% 235U.
Zur Quantentheorie des elektrischen Restwiderstandes II.
Authors: Rauh A 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The influence of short-range order on the residual resistivity of Cu3Au is investigated within a formalism previously reported. As compared to analogous methods based on the Boltzmann equation, the scattering of electrons by three correlated impurity centers is included. The characteristic numbers needed to describe the short-range order between the three centers can be determined within narrow limits by probability theory, using measured values for the Cowly-parameters. The change of restistivity due to the short-range order is found to be reasonably dealt with by including the two-center correlation only. However, as is further shown, this correlation cannot be taken into account correctly by the Boltzmann equation. For the electrical conductivity of alloys an expression is proposed which is to replace the familiar semiclassical result obtained from the Boltzmann equation.
Elektrolumineszenz in ZnS:Cu-Einkristallen
Authors: Haupt H. , Nelkowski H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Electroluminescence (EL) in ZnS :Cu-crystals often occurs in the shape of comets and double-comets, which are orientated perpendicular to the pseudohexagonal c-axis, mostly within the 〈10.0〉 directions. Crystals with strong stacking disorder (drawn from the melt) contain a great deal of luminescing lines. The EL of crystals with well built cubic structure (grown by iodine transport) however consists of few long double-comets (up to 2.3 mm). EL of crystals doped after growth and its comparison with photoluminescence, optical birefringence and the result of Cu-diffusion measurements confirm the assumption that EL occurs along Cu-decorated dislocation lines. It is shown that the local distribution of brightness essentially is not affected by a variable Cu-concentration along the dislocation lines but by the field distribution in the crystals.
Anodennahe Vorläufer elektromagnetisch angetriebener konvergenter Zylinderstoßwellen
Authors: Dammann H , Kleist G , Kogelschatz U , Bötticher W 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The precursor in front of the convergent cylindrical shock-wave of Z-pinch discharges in Helium and Argon (diameter/length ratio: 44 cm per 10 cm) is investigated by interferometric methods. The precursors separate from the shock wave at higher filling pressures. It is found that the precursor exists only in a thin layer near to the anode. This effect can be explained by the assumption that the gas density in this region is lowered by a blast wave, which is formed in the early stages of the discharge by a still unknown process which depends on the sign of the discharge voltage.
The Diffusion of 3He and 4He in LiF
Authors: Kalbitzer S , Kiko J , Zähringer J 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Helium isotopes were produced in single crystals of LiF by means of the nuclear reaction 6Li(n, 3H) 4He and by the subsequent decay of 3H into 3He. At a constant temperature of 620 °C the isotopic ratios of the outgassed helium isotopes were measured as a function of time respectively as a function of the released fraction. The ratio of the diffusion constants D3/D4 was found to be at most 1.02 which is considerably smaller than the maximum classical value of 1.155.
Electron Spin Resonance Spectra of Aliphatic Nitrile Radicals
Authors: Brumby Steven 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Nitrile radicals have been generated in solution by photolysis of azo-compounds at 20 °C, and their electron spin resonance spectra have been studied. The radicals have the formula CH3C(CN)R where R=-CH3, -CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH3 or -CH2CO2CH3.
Relations between Adiabatic and Incompressible (Non-Adiabatic) Systems and Their Stability
Authors: Krüger J. G. , Callebaut D. K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
We examine in general whether the results valid for an incompressible, non-adiabatic system can be deduced from the results valid for an adiabatic (or a more general) system. A simple rule will be established by which an energy principle for incompressible, non-adiabatic perturbations is obtained from the energy principle for adiabatic perturbations. Application yields in particular the energy principles for magnetodynamic, respectively gravitational, respectively gravitational and magnetodynamic stability for incompressible, non-adiabatic perturbations which are the analogues of the energy principles of Bernstein et al., respectively Chandrasekhar, respectively Krüger and Callebaut for adiabatic perturbations.
It is proved that an equilibrium state is more stable or at least equally stable for incompressible, non-adiabatic perturbations than for adiabatic ones. The conditions under which the adiabatic regime and the incompressible one are both stable or both unstable are studied.
More detailed comparison theorems are enunciated for the case of magnetodynamic stability and all cases where the energy integral for γ=0 is independent of ξ∥ the component of % parallel to B. If div ξ can be chosen arbitrarily when ξ⊥ is given then the adiabatic and the incompressible regimes are both stable or both unstable. A detailed examination whether div ξ can be chosen arbitrarily or not due to the presence of closed field lines leads to a classification of the perturbations in two cases. We compare the stability between these two cases for the adiabatic regime and for the incompressible one and for each case, the stability between both regimes. A similar analysis is given for restrictive conditions on div ξ due to the presence of closed pressure shells. In general only one case of the complete classification has to be considered to decide on the stability. More-over the adiabatic and incompressible regimes are both stable or both unstable for most infinitely long tubes. The whole treatment is illustrated by the example of the linear pinch.
Über ein Verfahren zur gleichzeitigen Bestimmung von Elektronenkonzentration und Elektronenstoßzahl in einem homogenen isotropen oder in einem langsam veränderlichen Plasma
Authors: Muschler W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
A method is described, which allows determination of the complex refractive index of a plasma by separate measurement of the E-and H-component of an electromagnetic wave. By means of the complex refractive index simultaneously electron concentration and electron collision frequency of the medium can be stated.
The measuring frequency depends upon absorption, precision requirements, and - for a locally varying medium - upon the availability range of theory used.
General considerations are applied to a plasma model (terrestrial ionosphere without magnetic field): Simultaneous measurement of electron concentration and electron collision frequency should be well possible within a height range corresponding to the terrestrial D-region. In higher regions determination of the (decreasing) electron collision frequency becomes more and more difficult, whereas possibilities for determination of the (increasing) electron concentration seem to improve.
The influence of reflected waves is considered in a following paper 4.
Zur Theorie des Zeeman-Effekts in Rotationsspektren
Authors: Sutter D. , Guarnieri A. , Dreizler H. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Starting with the Lagrangian function of a free molecule in an external magnetic field a more complete Hamiltonian, including nuclear susceptibilities, is derived. A Stark effect due to the translation of the molecule in the external magnetic field is predicted.
Die Wärmeleitfähigkeiten von reinem Para-und Ortho-Wasserstoffgas und ihren Gemischen bei 21 °K
Authors: Müller K. H. , Eichenauer W. , Heinzinger K. , Klemm A. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Measurements on gases at 21 °K in the whole concentration range from pure p-H2 to pure o-H2 result in the equation
λ/λp = 1-3.61·10-3γ-5.66·10-3y2.
λ and λ are the thermal conductivity coefficients of a mixture with the molar fraction γ of o-H2 and of pure p-H2 respectively. Existing theories assuming a spherical interaction potential can account for only about half the differences in thermal conductivities found experimentally.
Bestimmung des komplexen Brechungsindex eines Plasmas mittels des Ausbreitungsverfahrens beim Auftreten reflektierter Wellen
Authors: Muschler W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
In a preceding paper a propagation method has been described that allows simultaneous determination of electron concentration and electron collision frequency in a slowly varying plasma - using its complex refractive index. A regular progressive damped wave had been assumed. In this paper the treatment is extended to the case that the original wave is superimposed by a reflected one. The calculations show that for distinct points in the direction of wave propagation the determination of both modulus and argument of the complex refractive index is again possible. The discrete sequence of measuring points does not restrict the local resolution of the method.
Ultrarot-Intensitäten von Acetylenen des Typs (CH3)3X - C ≡ C - Y
Authors: Hoffmann V. , Stehlik G. , Zeil W. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
The absolute integrated infrared intensities of the C ≡ C- and the ≡ C - H-stretching vibrations of four acetylenes of the type (CH3)3X-C≡C-Y (X = C, Si and Y = H, D) are reported. The obtained values are discussed with respect to the eigenvectors of the normal coordinates of these vibrations and with respect to coupling between these two vibrations and also between these and other vibrations of the type A1 . An attempt is made to involve the experimental values in an assumed (p-d) π-interaction.
Two-Group Neutron Transport Theory with Anisotropic Scattering
Authors: Thielheim K. O. , Claussen K. 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Two-group transport theory with anisotropic scattering in infinite homogeneous media is pre-sented in this paper. The kernel of the integral equation is expanded into a finite series of Legendre polynomials. Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues of the transformed integral equation are found and the number of discrete eigenvalues is calculated. The full-range completeness theorem as well as the orthogonality and normalization relations are presented. As an example the expansion coeffi-cients of the infinite-medium Green's function are explicitly calculated.