bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decisional conflict in economically disadvantaged men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer: Baseline results from a shared decision‐making trial
Authors: Kaplan Alan L. , Crespi Catherine M. , Saucedo Josemanuel D. , Connor Sarah E. , Litwin Mark S. , Saigal Christopher S. 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUNDDecisional conflict is a source of anxiety and stress for men diagnosed with prostate cancer given uncertainty surrounding myriad treatment options. Few data exist to help clinicians identify which patients are at risk for decisional conflict. The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with decisional conflict in economically disadvantaged men diagnosed with prostate cancer before any treatment choices were made.METHODSA total of 70 men were surveyed at a Veterans Administration clinic with newly diagnosed localized prostate cancer enrolled in a randomized trial testing a novel shared decision‐making tool. Baseline demographic, clinical, and functional data were collected. Independent variables included age, race, education, comorbidity, relationship status, urinary/sexual dysfunction, and prostate cancer knowledge. Tested outcomes were Decisional Conflict Scale, Uncertainty Subscale, and Perceived Effectiveness Subscale. Multiple linear regression modeling was used to identify factors associated with decisional conflict.RESULTSMean age was 63 years, 49% were African American, and 70% reported an income less than $30,000. Poor prostate cancer knowledge was associated with increased decisional conflict and higher uncertainty (P < .001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Poor knowledge was also associated with lower perceived effectiveness (P = 0.003) whereas being in a relationship was associated with higher decisional conflict (P = 0.03).CONCLUSIONSDecreased patient knowledge about prostate cancer is associated with increased decisional conflict and lower perceived effective decision‐making. Interventions to increase comprehension of prostate cancer and its treatments may reduce decisional conflict. Further work is needed to better characterize this relationship and identify effective targeted interventions. Cancer 2014;120:2721–2727. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
A randomized controlled trial of a multiple health behavior change intervention delivered to colorectal cancer survivors: Effects on sedentary behavior
Authors: Lynch Brigid M. , Courneya Kerry S. , Sethi Parneet , Patrao Tania A. , Hawkes Anna L. 
Published: May 2014

BACKGROUNDSedentary behavior may independently contribute to morbidity and mortality among survivors of colorectal cancer. In the current study, the authors assessed whether a telephone‐delivered multiple health behavior change intervention had an effect on the sedentary behavior of recently diagnosed colorectal cancer survivors.METHODSA total of 410 participants were recruited through the Queensland Cancer Registry and randomized to the health coaching (intervention) or usual‐care (control) group. Eleven health coaching sessions addressing multiple health behaviors, including sedentary behavior, were delivered over a period of 6 months. Data were collected at baseline (before randomization), at 6 months, and at 12 months via a telephone interview.RESULTSAt 12 months, there was a significant decrease noted in the hours per day of sedentary time in both the health coaching (−1.21; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], −1.71 to −0.70) and usual‐care groups (−0.55; 95% CI, −1.06 to −0.05), but the between‐group difference was not found to be statistically significant (−0.65; 95% CI, −1.37 to 0.06 [P = .07]). In stratified subgroup analyses, the multiple health behavior change intervention was found to have a significant effect on total sedentary time (hours/day) at 12 months in survivors of colorectal cancer who were aged > 60 years (−0.90; 95% CI, −1.80 to −0.01 [P = .05]), male (−1.33; 95% CI, −2.44 to −0.21 [P = .02]), and nonobese (−1.10; 95% CI, −1.96 to −0.25; [P = .01]).CONCLUSIONSIncorporating simple messages about limiting sedentary behaviors into a multiple health behavior change intervention was found to have modest effects on sedentary behavior. A sedentary behavior‐specific intervention strategy may be required to achieve substantial changes in sedentary behavior among colorectal cancer survivors. Cancer 2014;120:2665–2672. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Estimating and Predicting the General Random Effects Model
Authors: Kouassi Eugene , Kamdem Alain Constant , Mougoué Mbodja , Brou Jean Marcelin Bosson 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThis paper extends the ‘remarkable property’ of Breusch (Journal of Econometrics 1987; 36: 383–389) and Baltagi and Li (Journal of Econometrics 1992; 53: 45–51) to the three‐way random components framework. Indeed, like its one‐way and two‐way counterparts, the three‐way random effects model maximum likelihood estimation can be obtained as an iterated generalized least squares procedure through an appropriate algorithm of monotonic sequences of some variance components ratios, θi (i = 2, 3, 4). More specifically, a search over θiwhile iterating on the regression coefficients estimates β and the other θjwill guard against the possibility of multiple local maxima of the likelihood function. In addition, the derivations of related prediction functions are obtained based on complete as well as incomplete panels. Finally, an application to international trade issues modeling is presented. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NHC–Silver(I) Complexes as Chemical Nucleases; Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Antibacterial Studies
Authors: Haque Rosenani A. , Asekunowo Patrick O. , Razali Mohd. R. , Mohamad Faisal 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTA series ofN‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors, 1‐methoxylethyl‐3‐allylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (1), 1‐ethyl‐3‐allylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (2), and 1‐pentyl‐3‐allylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (3) were synthesized. These salts were treated with Ag2O to afford their corresponding mononuclear Ag(I)‐NHC complexes, namely 1‐methoxylethyl‐3‐allylimidazolium silver(I) hexafluorophosphate (4), 1‐ethyl‐3‐allylimidazolium silver(I) hexafluorophosphate (5), and 1‐pentyl‐3‐allylimidazolium silver(I) hexafluorophosphate (6), respectively. These compounds were characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopy techniques. Compounds4and5were structurally characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, and their stability in solution was investigated and found to be acceptable for the antibacterial studies. These new NHC precursors and their respective Ag–NHC complexes were screened for their antibacterial activities againstStaphylococcus aureus(ATCC 12600) andEscherichia coli(ATCC 25922). Compounds1–3showed no inhibition, whereas4–6inhibited the growth of these bacteria. The nuclease activities of the reported compounds against plasmid DNA and RNA were assessed by gel electrophoresis, and the results indicate that complexes5and6can degrade both DNA and RNA in the absence of an oxidant.
Solvent Effect on Kinetics and Mechanism of the Phospha‐Michael Reaction of Tertiary Phosphines with Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Salin Alexey V. , Fatkhutdinov Albert R. , II'in Anton V. , Galkin Vladimir I. , Shamsutdinova Fanuza G. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIn aprotic solvents, kinetics of the reaction of triphenylphosphine with acrylic acid is second order in the acid and first order in the phosphine. To find the most suitable model to describe the solvent effect on this reaction, the third‐order rate constants in a series of 16 aprotic solvents were analyzed using one‐ and multiparameter regressions within the framework of the Kamlet–Taft, the Catalán, the Gutmann–Mayer, and the Koppel–Palm equations. The best result gives a two‐parameter model constructed on the basis of the Reichardt polarity ET and the basicity B from the Koppel–Palm equation, with the weak positive effect of the ET parameter on the reaction rate and very strong negative effect of the B parameter. The results obtained give further evidence to the previously suggested a stepwise mechanism, which involves the initial formation of a zwitterionic intermediate, followed by the proton transfer from the second molecule of acrylic acid to the generated carbanionic center in the rate‐determining step.
Synthesis and Antioxidant Activities of Novel Chiral Ebselen Analogues
Authors: Elsherbini Mohamed , Hamama Wafaa S. , Zoorob Hanafi H. , Bhowmick Debasish , Mugesh Govindasamy , Wirth Thomas 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTNovel chiral analogues of the antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory organoselenium drug ebselen were synthesized. The reaction proceeded readily from 2‐(chloroseleno)benzoyl chloride with chiral amino compounds. The chiral substituent on the nitrogen atom did not provide a substantial increase in activities and the newly synthesized compounds showed similar activities to ebselen.
Temporal discrimination deficits as a function of lag interference in older adults
Authors: Roberts Jared M. , Ly Maria , Murray Elizabeth , Yassa Michael A. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTA vital component of episodic memory is the ability to determine the temporal order of remembered events. Although it has been demonstrated that the hippocampus plays a crucial role in this ability, the details of its contributions are not yet fully understood. One proposed contribution of the hippocampus is the reduction of mnemonic interference through pattern separation. Prior studies have used behavioral paradigms designed to assess this function in the temporal domain by evaluating the ability to determine the order of remembered events as a function of proximity in time. Results from these paradigms in older adults (OA) have been mixed, possibly due to limitations in controlling elapsed time and narrow range of temporal lags. Here, we introduce a novel behavioral paradigm designed to overcome these limitations. We report that OAs are impaired relative to younger adults at moderate and high temporal lags but not at low lags (where performance approached floor). We evaluated OAs' ability to benefit from primacy (enhanced order judgment on the first few items of any given sequence) and found two distinct subgroups: one group was on par with young adults [aged‐unimpaired (AU)] and the other group was two standard deviations below the mean of young adults [aged‐impaired (AI)]. Temporal discrimination performance in AU adults was consistent with a pattern separation deficit, while performance in AI adults was consistent with a generalized temporal processing deficit. We propose that the task introduced is a sensitive marker for episodic memory deficits with age, and may have diagnostic value for early detection of age‐related pathology. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bottom‐Up Molecular Tunneling Junctions Formed by Self‐Assembly
Authors: Zhang Yanxi , Zhao Zhiyuan , Fracasso Davide , Chiechi Ryan C. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThis Minireview focuses on bottom‐up molecular tunneling junctions – a fundamental component of molecular electronics – that are formed by self‐assembly. These junctions are part of devices that, in part, fabricate themselves, and therefore, are particularly dependent on the chemistry of the molecules selected. The discussion covers the history of these junctions as well as recent advances. It is broken into the broad categories of conformal and rigid contacts, which place different constraints on the molecules used to form the junctions. The intention of this Minireview is to give an overview of research efforts in molecular electronics that is targeted at chemists, whose efforts are playing an increasingly important role in molecular electronics.
Evalution of DNA extraction methods in order to monitor genetically modified materials in soy foodstuffs and feeds commercialised in Turkey by multiplex real‐time PCR
Authors: Turkec Aydin , Kazan Hande , Baykut Aykut , Lucas Stuart J 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDSoybean is one of the most important biotech crops, widely used as an ingredient in both foodstuffs and feed. DNA extraction methods have been evaluated to detect the presence of genetically modified (GM) materials in soya‐containing food and feed products commercialised in Turkey.RESULTSAll extraction methods performed well for the majority of soya foods and feed products analysed. However, the most successful method varied between different products; the Foodproof, Genespin and the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) methods each produced the highest DNA yield and purity for different soya foodstuffs and feeds. Of the samples tested, 20% were positive for the presence of at least two GM elements (35S/NOS) while 11% contained an additional GM element (35S/NOS/FMV). Of the tested products, animal feeds showed a larger prevalence of GM material (50%) than the soya‐containing foodstuffs (13%).CONCLUSIONThe best performing extraction methods proved to be the Foodproof, Genespin and CTAB methods for soya‐containing food and feed products. The results obtained herein clearly demonstrate the presence of GM soybean in the Turkish market, and that the Foodproof GMO Screening Kit provides reliable screening of soy‐containing food and feed products. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of a point‐of‐use fortification technology for delivery of micronutrients in Honduras
Authors: Andrade Juan E , Rosales Eliana , Lopez Julio R , Carrillo E Paola , Engeseth Nicki J , Helferich William G 
Published: May 2014

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicronutrient deficiencies continue to afflict children rural populations around the world. A micronutrient delivery vehicle (MDV) was developed as a point‐of‐use technology for fortification of meals for school‐age children beneficiaries of the Healthy Schools Program (HSP) in Honduras.RESULTSMDV combines micronutrient powder through a traditional dough‐making process, using staple flours (wheat and nixtamalized corn), oil and water as ingredients. After mixing the ingredients and kneading, dough is extruded through a specially designed hand press into noodles. After drying (overnight, 23°C), noodles are broken into small pieces, mixed (1:100 w/w) with rice and cooked as customary. Dispersion studies with NaFeEDTA showed adequate distribution (<10% RSD) and recovery (>90%) in white rice. Color changes in MDV due to addition of vitamin A and iron (NaFeEDTA) carried forward into cooked rice. In Honduras, children from two rural schools (N = 47, 6–12 years) were not able to differentiate (triangle test) between control and unfortified MDV mixed (1:100 w/w) with white rice. Children from four schools (N = 83, 7–12 years) accepted control and iron fortified rice (3 mg Fe per serving) based on color and flavor similarly.CONCLUSIONThis is a feasible point‐of‐use fortification technology for improvement of meals provided by the HSP in Honduras. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Photoalignment dynamics of azo dyes series with different coordination metals
Authors: Mikulich Vadim S. , Muravsky Alexander A. , Murauski Anatoli A. , Kukhta Iryna N. , Agabekov Vladimir E. , Altamimi Rashid 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThere are many photoaligned azo dyes that can be used for orientation of liquid crystals in various display devices. However, the structure of these compounds needs to be optimized to increase the rate of the process of molecule photoalignment, as well as to spread the application of these compounds. The main coordination metal that presents in the molecules of azo dyes is sodium derivatives. The use of other alkali metals remains an open question. We used quantum‐chemical computation methods and reversible intermolecular bonding model to determine the effect of metal coordination on the velocity of photoalignment. The theoretical predictions were experimentally verified using sodium, potassium, lithium, and cesium salts of the model azo dye synthesized by us. We conclude that potassium azo derivatives are the fastest, ceteris paribus.
Characterization of a bacterial tyrosine kinase in Porphyromonas gingivalis involved in polymicrobial synergy
Authors: Wright Christopher J. , Xue Peng , Hirano Takanori , Liu Chengcheng , Whitmore Sarah E. , Hackett Murray , Lamont Richard J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractInterspecies communication between Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus gordonii underlies the development of synergistic dual species communities. Contact with S. gordonii initiates signal transduction within P. gingivalis that is based on protein tyrosine (de)phosphorylation. In this study, we characterize a bacterial tyrosine (BY) kinase (designated Ptk1) of P. gingivalis and demonstrate its involvement in interspecies signaling. Ptk1 can utilize ATP for autophosphorylation and is dephosphorylated by the P. gingivalis tyrosine phosphatase, Ltp1. Community development with S. gordonii is severely abrogated in a ptk1 mutant of P. gingivalis, indicating that tyrosine kinase activity is required for maximal polymicrobial synergy. Ptk1 controls the levels of the transcriptional regulator CdhR and the fimbrial adhesin Mfa1 which mediates binding to S. gordonii. The ptk1 gene is in an operon with two genes involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis, and similar to other BY kinases, Ptk1 is necessary for exopolysaccharide production in P. gingivalis. Ptk1 can phosphorylate the capsule related proteins PGN_0224, a UDP‐acetyl‐mannosamine dehydrogenase, and PGN_0613, a UDP‐glucose dehydrogenase, in P. gingivalis. Knockout of ptk1 in an encapsulated strain of P. gingivalis resulted in loss of capsule production. Collectively these results demonstrate that the P. gingivalis Ptk1 BY kinase regulates interspecies communication and controls heterotypic community development with S. gordonii through adjusting the levels of the Mfa1 adhesin and exopolysaccharide.
Semi‐automated Separation of the Epimeric Dehydropyrrolizidine Alkaloids Lycopsamine and Intermedine: Preparation of theirN‐oxides and NMR Comparison with Diastereoisomeric Rinderine and Echinatine
Authors: Colegate Steven M. , Gardner Dale R. , Betz Joseph M. , Panter Kip E. 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe diversity of structure and, particularly, stereochemical variation of the dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids can present challenges for analysis and the isolation of pure compounds for the preparation of analytical standards and for toxicology studies.ObjectiveTo investigate methods for the separation of gram‐scale quantities of the epimeric dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids lycopsamine and intermedine and to compare their NMR spectroscopic data with those of their heliotridine‐based analogues echinatine and rinderine.MethodsLycopsamine and intermedine were extracted, predominantly as theirN‐oxides and along with their acetylated derivatives, from commercial samples of comfrey (Symphytum officinale) root. Alkaloid enrichment involved liquid–liquid partitioning of the crude methanol extract between dilute aqueous acid andn‐butanol, reduction ofN‐oxides and subsequent continuous liquid–liquid extraction of free base alkaloids into CHCl3. The alkaloid‐rich fraction was further subjected to semi‐automated flash chromatography using boronated soda glass beads or boronated quartz sand.ResultsBoronated soda glass beads (or quartz sand) chromatography adapted to a Biotage Isolera Flash Chromatography System enabled large‐scale separation (at least up to 1–2 g quantities) of lycopsamine and intermedine. The structures were confirmed using one‐ and two‐dimensional1H‐ and13C‐NMR spectroscopy. Examination of the NMR data for lycopsamine, intermedine and their heliotridine‐based analogues echinatine and rinderine allowed for some amendments of literature data and provided useful comparisons for determining relative configurations in monoester dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids. A similar NMR comparison of lycopsamine and intermedine with theirN‐oxides showed the effects ofN‐oxidation on some key chemical shifts. A levorotatory shift in specific rotation from +3.29° to −1.5° was observed for lycopsamine when dissolved in ethanol or methanol respectively.ConclusionA semi‐automated flash chromatographic process using boronated soda glass beads was standardised and confirmed as a useful, larger scale preparative approach for separating the epimers lycopsamine and intermedine. The useful NMR correlations to stereochemical arrangements within this specific class of dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid cannot be confidently extrapolated to other similar dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
First trimester screening can predict adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Sharp Andrew N. , Alfirevic Zarko 
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACTThere has been an increasing drive over the last two decades to push the detection of women at risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes into the first trimester. This has led to a plethora of techniques, risk assessments and biomarkers, both fascinating and bewildering in its breadth. Despite the vast amount of knowledge available, it is often difficult to determine what is practicable and valuable for clinical practice. This is especially true as earlier diagnosis does not necessarily equate to improved outcomes for mother and child.We suggest that, at least for preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, spontaneous preterm birth and gestational diabetes, there are effective first trimester tests available to identify the women at risk of subsequently developing complications. Unfortunately, there are no currently reliable first trimester tests available for identifying women at risk of stillbirth. It is likely that this field will continue to develop over time, and we hope that new and better strategies will continue to emerge to target these clinically important pathologies. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glucose data and the individualised diabetes consultation. How should we use it? What is enough? Can we ever have too much?
Authors: Cranston Iain C , Nicholson Eveleigh 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAs advisors to individuals with a chronic disease, diabetes health care professionals need to be confident in the assessment and interpretation of clinical data that may then impact on the management advice we offer. This has always been the case, but there is at present a rapid development in information technologies offering us ever greater volumes of data. Alongside this is a clear direction of travel towards individualised care planning to improve population outcomes, and it is important that from time to time we step back from the ‘clinical coalface’ and reflect on which data are important, which help us give good advice and how we can most effectively utilise the data in the pursuit of continual improvement in our practice. Although computer‐presented SMBG data have been slow to be adopted (such data having been available for over 15 years) it is likely that, as the simplicity of presenting the information improves over time, the incorporation of such data into consultations will progressively alter how such consultations take place. While the basic structures and practice of good clinical communication will remain central to the process, our effectiveness will improve by attention to the specifics of the issues at hand.In this article we outline some of the diverse sources of glucose‐related data and how these data should be collected, analysed and applied in order to advance and support targeted glucose management plans and the best clinical care possible.