bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Stabilization and Activation of Pt Nanoparticles for PEMFC Applications
Authors: Latsuzbaia R. , Negro E. , Koper G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAmongst the main challenges of catalyst materials for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are activity and durability. Here we report on the synthesis of monodisperse nanoparticles and stabilization with traces of the surfactant, here Na‐AOT (bis‐(2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt), used in the synthesis procedure. The surfactants prevent agglomeration and reduce Ostwald ripening. We compare the performance of Pt catalyst nanoparticles synthesized in dense microemulsions, Na‐AOT/heptane/water and Triton X‐100/toluene/water, with a commercial state‐of‐the‐art catalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). The produced catalyst nanoparticles were extracted onto a carbon support, Vulcan XC‐72R, washed and activated by heat‐treatment, which led to heavy agglomeration, or by electrochemical treatment, which led to an enhanced activity for ORR. Additionally, in comparison to the other two catalysts an increased durability of the platinum nanoparticles synthesized in the microemulsion of Na‐AOT/heptane/water was observed.
New Octopus‐like Phthalocyanines as Fullerene Receptors: Synthesis and Photophysical Investigation
Authors: Nefedova Irina V. , Martynov Alexander G. , Averin Alexey A. , Kirakosyan Gayane A. , Tsivadze Aslan Yu. , Gorbunova Yulia G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractOctopus‐like zinc and magnesium phthalocyaninates bearing eight flexible benzylated diethylene glycol chains were synthesized and their interaction with fullerenes C60 and C70 was investigated by UV‐Vis spectrophotometric titration, as well as by steady‐state and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in chloroform and toluene media. These measurements revealed a high affinity of receptors for C60 and C70, with selectivity to C70: binding constants for C70 are almost two times higher than for C60. These results are interpreted by means of quantum‐chemical calculations using the PM6‐DH2 Hamiltonian. The binding constants also depend on both the nature of the metal ion in the receptor and the solvent. It is expected that the obtained molecules and supramolecular complexes can be used for further elaboration of optoelectronic donor‐acceptor materials.
BDE‐209 inhibits pluripotent genes expression and induces apoptosis in human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Du Lili , Sun Wen , Zhang Huili , Chen Dunjin 
Published: July 2015

AbstractDecabromodiphenyl ether (BDE‐209) has been detected in human serum, semen, placenta, cord blood and milk worldwide. However, little is known regarding the potential effects on the early human embryonic development of BDE‐209. In this study, human embryonic stem cell lines FY‐hES‐10 and FY‐hES‐26 were used to evaluate the potential effects and explore the toxification mechanisms using low‐level BDE‐209 exposure. Our data showed that BDE‐209 exposure (1, 10 and 100 nM) reduced the expression of pluripotent genes such as OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG and induced human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) apoptosis. The downregulation of BIRC5/BCL2 and upregulation of BAX were related to apoptosis of hESCs induced by BDE‐209 exposure. A mechanism study showed that OCT4 down‐regulation accompanied by OCT4 promoter hypermethylation and increasing miR‐145/miR‐335 levels, OCT4 inhibitors. Moreover, BDE‐209 could increase the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decrease SOD2 expression. The ROS increase and OCT4 downregulation after BDE‐209 exposure could be reversed partly by antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine supplement. These findings showed that BDE‐209 exposure could decrease pluripotent genes expression via epigenetic regulation and induce apoptosis through ROS generation in human embryonic stem cells in vitro. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potent immunotherapy against well‐established thymoma using adoptively transferred transgene IL‐6‐engineered dendritic cell‐stimulated CD8+ T‐cells with prolonged survival and enhanced cytotoxicity
Authors: Kalyanasundaram Bhanumathy Kalpana , Zhang Bei , Xie Yufeng , Xu Aizhang , Tan Xin , Xiang Jim 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundAdoptive transfer of CD8+ T‐cells specific for tumor‐antigens is an attractive strategy for anti‐tumor therapy. In the present study, the subsets TA and TB were used to represent the population of CD8+ T cells generated by culturing the respective cells with irradiated dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with ovalbumin (OVA) protein and transfected with adenoviral vector constructs as described.MethodsNaïve OVA specific CD8+ T cells were isolated from the spleen of OVA‐specific T‐cell receptor transgenic OTI mice. The subsets TA and TB were then generated by in vitro activating the population of CD8+ T cells with OVA‐pulsed DCs transfected with IL‐6‐expressing adenoviral vector (AdVIL‐6) or the control vector (AdVNull). To assess their in vivo immunotherapeutic effects, TA‐ or TB‐cells were intravenously transferred into C57BL/6 mice bearing EG7 thymoma (6–8 mm in diameter).ResultsTA‐cells displayed a higher level of expression of CD62 l, IL‐7R, FasL, perforin and CCR6, and also exhibited more potent in vitro cytotoxicity to OVA‐expressing EG7 thymoma cells via perforin‐ and Fas/FasL‐mediated apoptosis than TB‐cells. CD8+ T‐cell survival was kinetically analyzed in C57BL/6 mice transferred with TA‐ or TB‐cells by flow cytometry. We found that the adoptively transferred TA‐cells had prolonged survival and enhanced T‐cell memory development compared to TB‐cells. In addition, TA‐, but not TB‐cells were able to eradicate well‐established EG7 thymomas in all eight tumor‐bearing mice.ConclusionsOur data suggest that AdVIL‐6‐transfected DC‐stimulated CD8+ T cells with potent cytotoxicity and survival advantage may serve as an effective adoptive CD8+ T‐cell immunotherapy strategy for anti‐tumor treatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
4D flow MRI can detect subtle right ventricular dysfunction in primary left ventricular disease
Authors: Fredriksson Alexandru Grigorescu , Svalbring Emil , Eriksson Jonatan , Dyverfeldt Petter , Alehagen Urban , Engvall Jan , Ebbers Tino , Carlhäll Carl‐Johan 
Published: July 2015

PurposeTo investigate whether 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect subtle right ventricular (RV) dysfunction in primary left ventricular (LV) disease.Materials and Methods4D flow and morphological 3T MRI data were acquired in 22 patients with mild ischemic heart disease who were stratified into two groups based on LV end‐diastolic volume index (EDVI): lower‐LVEDVI and higher‐LVEDVI, as well as in 11 healthy controls. The RV volume was segmented at end‐diastole (ED) and end‐systole (ES). Pathlines were emitted from the ED volume and traced forwards and backwards in time to ES. The blood volume was separated into flow components. The Direct Flow (DF) component was defined as RV inflow passing directly to outflow. The kinetic energy (KE) of the DF component was calculated. Echocardiographic conventional RV indices were also assessed.ResultsThe higher‐LVEDVI group had larger LVEDVI and lower LV ejection fraction (98 ± 32 ml/m2; 48 ± 13%) compared to the healthy (67 ± 12, P = 0.002; 64 ± 7, P < 0.001) and lower‐LVEDI groups (62 ± 10; 68 ± 7, both P < 0.001). The RV 4D flow‐specific measures “DF/EDV volume‐ratio” and “DF/EDV KE‐ratio at ED” were lower in the higher‐LVEDVI group (38 ± 5%; 52 ± 6%) compared to the healthy (44 ± 6; 65 ± 7, P = 0.018 and P < 0.001) and lower‐LVEDVI groups (44 ± 6; 64 ± 7, P = 0.011 and P < 0.001). There was no difference in any of the conventional MRI and echocardiographic RV indices between the three groups.ConclusionWe found that in primary LV disease mild impairment of RV function can be detected by 4D flow‐specific measures, but not by the conventional MRI and echocardiographic indices. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;43:558–565.
Rhizosphere effects on Cu availability and fractionation in sewage sludge‐amended calcareous soils
Authors: Motaghian Hamid Reza , Hosseinpur Ali Reza 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRhizosphere processes have a major impact on copper (Cu) availability and its fractions in soils. A greenhouse experiment with wheat was performed to investigate availability (using seven chemical procedures) and fractionation of Cu in the rhizosphere of ten agricultural soils (Typic Calcixerepts) amended with sewage sludge (1% w/w) using rhizoboxes. The results show that available Cu concentrations in rhizosphere soils were significantly (P < 1%) lower than in bulk soils. In comparison with the bulk soils, in the rhizosphere soils the concentration of Cu associated with organic matter and residual Cu increased by 24 and 4%, respectively, whereas exchangeable Cu, Cu associated with iron‐manganese oxides, and Cu associated with carbonate decreased by 20, 14, and 12%, respectively. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and Cu associated with iron‐manganese oxides and Cu associated with organic matter in the rhizosphere and bulk soils were significantly correlated (P < 5%). The results show that the differences between rhizosphere and bulk soils in chemical conditions such as DOC concentrations can change the proportion of soil Cu fractions and, therefore, Cu availability for wheat in calcareous soils amended with sewage sludge. The results show that the wheat root‐induced modifications of chemical and biological soil conditions do not only lead to Cu depletion in mobile soil Cu fractions, but also to modification in soil Cu fractions which are commonly considered as more stable.
Effects of temperature on the quality of black garlic
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Li Ningyang , Lu Xiaoming , Liu Pengli , Qiao Xuguang 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlack garlic is a type of garlic product that is generally produced by heating raw garlic at high temperature with controlled humidity for more than 30 days. Black garlic has appeared on the market for many years. It is crucial to investigate the characteristics of quality formation of black garlic during processing at various temperatures.RESULTSIn this study, fresh garlic was processed to black garlic at temperatures of 60, 70, 80 and 90 °C. Moisture, amino acid nitrogen and allicin contents decreased gradually during thermal processing of various temperatures. Reducing sugar, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, total phenols, total acids contents and browning increased. The changing rate of quality indicators and flavour of black garlic varied at different temperatures. Browning intensity reached about 74 when black garlic aged. The sensory score was significantly higher in black garlic aged at 70 °C (39.95 ± 0.31) compared with that at other temperatures, suggesting that 70 °C might facilitate formation of good quality and flavour of black garlic during processing.CONCLUSIONTemperature had a remarkable impact on the quality and flavour of black garlic. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
A Process View to Evaluate and Understand Preference Elicitation
Authors: Nikou Shahrokh , Mezei József , Sarlin Peter 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis paper focuses on multi‐attribute design problems in which several quantitative and/or qualitative attributes are simultaneously involved. Preference elicitation methods dealing with decision‐makers' preferences are often employed to solve such problems. The present paper proposes a conceptual framework that considers preference elicitation as a process shaped by the interaction of different factors including the researcher, methodology, questionnaire and respondent in a given context, at the same time. The aim of the framework is to assist in choosing a decision support tool among various multi‐attribute decision‐making methods, as well as in evaluating and understanding preference elicitation results. To illustrate and exemplify the use of the framework, it is applied to a real‐world case of end user preferences of mobile service platforms. We make use of two methods that are suitable for such a setting: analytic hierarchy process and conjoint analysis. Albeit with considerable discrepancies, the results show that both methods provide insightful information on the principle. Nonetheless, to a large degree, these methods perform differently in the case of non‐complex tasks and unknowledgeable respondents, which the process view aids in evaluating and understanding. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss of Dopamine Transporter Binding and Clinical Symptoms in Dementia With Lewy Bodies
Authors: Siepel Françoise J. , Dalen Ingvild , Grüner Renate , Booij Jan , Brønnick Kolbjørn S. , Buter Tirza C. , Aarsland Dag 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the underlying mechanisms of clinical symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies. The aim of this study was to explore the association between loss of striatal dopamine transporter binding and symptoms in dementia with Lewy bodies.MethodsThirty‐five patients with dementia with Lewy bodies underwent single‐photon emission computerized tomography brain imaging with N‐ω‐fluoropropyl‐2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)nortropane ([123I]FP‐CIT). Associations between striatal binding ratios and motor (UPDRS), psychiatric (Neuropsychiatric Inventory; [NPI]), and cognitive (Mini–Mental State Examination [MMSE] and neuropsychological tests) symptoms were assessed by linear regression analysis.ResultsThe explorative analysis showed that the motor UPDRS was negatively associated with putamen dopamine transporter binding, whereas no association with striatal dopamine transporter binding was found for total NPI, hallucinations, apathy, depression, anxiety, and MMSE scores. However, in post‐hoc analysis, executive impairment was positively associated with dopamine transporter loss after adjustment of age and gender.ConclusionsDopamine deficiency in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies was associated with severity of motor symptoms, but did not correlate significantly with ratings of neurobehavioral disturbances or overall cognition. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Probable RBD and association with neurodegenerative disease markers: A population‐based study
Authors: Mahlknecht Philipp , Seppi Klaus , Frauscher Birgit , Kiechl Stefan , Willeit Johann , Stockner Heike , Djamshidian Atbin , Nocker Michael , Rastner Verena , Defrancesco Michaela , Rungger Gregor , Gasperi Arno , Poewe Werner , Högl Birgit 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe prevalence of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and its association with markers of neurodegeneration in the general population are poorly defined.MethodsWe assessed the prevalence of probable RBD defined by two validated questionnaires, the RBD Screening Questionnaire (RBDSQ) and the Innsbruck RBD‐Inventory (RBD‐I), and studied its associations with clinical and imaging markers for neurodegeneration in the Bruneck Study cohort aged 60 y or older.ResultsOf the 456 participants without Parkinson's disease, 4.6% (RBDSQ; 95%CI, 3.0%‐7.0%) and 7.7% (RBD‐I; 95%CI, 5.6%‐10.5%) had probable RBD. Probable RBD diagnosed with either of the questionnaires was associated with hyposmia (trend; P < 0.1), anxiety (P < 0.05), depression (P < 0.05), antidepressant use (P < 0.05), and self‐reported non‐motor symptoms (P < 0.01), specifically, dribbling saliva, memory problems, apathy, concentration problems, and anxiety.ConclusionsOur findings may provide a basis for future studies intending to identify cohorts at risk for Lewy body diseases through screening of the general elderly population for RBD. © 2015 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The Evolution of Digital Chemistry at Southampton
Authors: Bird Colin , Coles Simon J. , Frey Jeremy G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn this paper we take a historical view of e‐Science and e‐Research developments within the Chemical Sciences at the University of Southampton, showing the development of several stages of the evolving data ecosystem as Chemistry moves into the digital age of the 21st Century. We cover our research on aspects of the representation of chemical information in the context of the world wide web (WWW) and its semantic enhancement (the Semantic Web) and illustrate this with the example of the representation of quantities and units within the Semantic Web. We explore the changing nature of laboratories as computing power becomes increasing powerful and pervasive and specifically look at the function and role of electronic or digital notebooks. Having focussed on the creation of chemical data and information in context, we finish the paper by following the use and reuse of this data as facilitated by the features provided by digital repositories and their importance in facilitating the exchange of chemical information touching on the issues of open and or intelligent access to the data.
Dual‐polarity GRAPPA for simultaneous reconstruction and ghost correction of echo planar imaging data
Authors: Hoge W. Scott , Polimeni Jonathan R. 
Published: July 2015

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to seek improved image quality from accelerated echo planar imaging (EPI) data, particularly at ultrahigh fields. Certain artifacts in EPI reconstructions can be attributed to nonlinear phase differences between data acquired using frequency‐encoding gradients of alternating polarity. These errors appear near regions of local susceptibility gradients and typically cannot be corrected with conventional Nyquist ghost correction (NGC) methods.MethodsWe propose a new reconstruction method that integrates ghost correction into the parallel imaging data recovery process. This is achieved through a pair of generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisitions (GRAPPA) kernels that operate directly on the measured EPI data. The proposed dual‐polarity GRAPPA (DPG) method estimates missing k‐space data while simultaneously correcting inherent EPI phase errors.ResultsSimulation results showed that standard NGC is incapable of correcting higher‐order phase errors, whereas the DPG kernel approach successfully removed these errors. The presence of higher‐order phase errors near regions of local susceptibility gradients was demonstrated with in vivo data. DPG reconstructions of in vivo 3T and 7T EPI data acquired near these regions showed a marked improvement over conventional methods.ConclusionThis new parallel imaging method for reconstructing accelerated EPI data shows better resilience to inherent EPI phase errors, resulting in higher image quality in regions where higher‐order EPI phase errors commonly occur. Magn Reson Med 76:32–44, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrodistension with or without fulguration of hunner lesions for interstitial cystitis: Long‐term outcomes and prognostic predictors
Authors: Niimi Aya , Nomiya Akira , Yamada Yukio , Suzuki Motofumi , Fujimura Tetsuya , Fukuhara Hiroshi , Kume Haruki , Igawa Yasuhiko , Homma Yukio 
Published: July 2015

AimsHydrodistension of the bladder, with optional fulguration of Hunner lesions, is one of the recommended therapies for interstitial cystitis (IC). The aims of this study are to evaluate long‐term outcomes of hydrodistension and identify outcome predictors.MethodsThe study cohort was 191 newly diagnosed IC patients (155 women and 36 men) who underwent hydrodistension with fulguration of Hunner lesions if detected between 2007 and 2013 at our institution. The primary outcome was therapeutic failure, which was defined as repeat hydrodistension, bladder instillation therapy, or narcotic use for pain control. Clinical features, including comorbidities and endoscopic findings, were analyzed along with the outcome.ResultsThe cohort comprised 126 patients of Hunner type IC and 65 patients of non‐Hunner type IC. The mean time to therapeutic failure was 28.5 months in Hunner type IC and 25.2 months in non‐Hunner type IC. The therapeutic failure rate was higher in non‐Hunner type IC at 17.3 months; however, the long‐term outcomes reversed thereafter. The mean time to therapeutic failure was shorter in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Multivariate analysis identified LSS as a predictor for failure in Hunner type IC and non‐Hunner type IC (HR = 18.8, P = 0.001; HR = 3.8, P = 0.028, respectively) and IBS in non‐Hunner type IC (HR = 18.0, P = 0.008).ConclusionsBladder hydrodistension, with fulguration of the Hunner lesions, improved IC symptoms. The outcome was worse in non‐Hunner type IC shortly after hydrodistension but eventually comparable across the two types. Concomitant LSS and IBS were predictors for poor outcome. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:965–969, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A semi‐continuous formulation for goal‐oriented reduced‐order models: 1D problems
Authors: Cheng Lei , Mattei Stefano , Fick Peter W. , Hulshoff Steve J. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryA semi‐continuous formulation is introduced for finding bases that minimise the error in a specific output functional of a reduced‐order model. The formulation is advantageous in that it can be used with arbitrary reference data and can be easily applied to nonlinear models and functionals. A general description of the approach is given; then, explicit formulations are derived for the advection‐diffusion and Burgers' equations. Numerical results are given for both linear and nonlinear functionals. These show substantial reductions in error when compared with POD modes, depending on the functional considered. The optimisation of bases for a reduced‐order model using an approximated governing equation is also described, for which large increases in accuracy are obtained relative to POD modes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Correction and Comment on ‘Sacrifice of the Social Outcasts’
Authors: Prout M. G. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractC. L. Kieffer incorrectly identified a fused pair of cervical vertebrae in an article published online in May of 2015. This is a correction of the misidentification and a comment on the implications for the author's larger point that the individuals involved may have been physically handicapped and therefore selected by the ancient Maya as victims of human sacrifice. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carboplatin Hypersensitivity Reactions in Pediatric Low Grade Glioma Are Protocol Specific and Desensitization Shows Poor Efficacy
Authors: Dodgshun Andrew J. , Hansford Jordan R. , Cole Theresa , Choo Sharon , Sullivan Michael J. 
Published: July 2015

BackgroundThe use of carboplatin for the treatment of pediatric low grade gliomas (PLGG) is often limited by the development of carboplatin hypersensitivity. Reported rates of carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions vary between 6% and 32% in these patients. Here we report the frequency of carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions depending on the treatment regimen used, and outcomes of carboplatin desensitization.MethodsThe records of all patients in a single institution who were treated with carboplatin for PLGG were accessed and all patients receiving more than one dose of carboplatin are reported.ResultsThirty four patients with PLGG were treated with carboplatin according to one of the two different regimens. Carboplatin hypersensitivity was documented in 47% of patients, but the frequency differed by treatment protocol. Those patients treated with 4‐weekly single agent carboplatin had carboplatin allergy in 8% of cases whereas 68% of those treated with combined carboplatin and vincristine (every three weeks, according to the SIOP 2004 low grade glioma protocol) had carboplatin reactions (OR 23.6, P < 0.01). Desensitization was only successful in two out of 10 patients in whom it was attempted.ConclusionsHypersensitivity reactions to carboplatin are more common in this cohort than previously reported and rates are protocol‐dependent. Desensitization showed limited effectiveness in this cohort. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.