bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenomena in Bubbles Cluster
Authors: Simaciu Ion , Borsos Zoltan , Drafta Viorel , Dumitrescu Gheorghe 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we continue to demonstrate the analogy between the acoustic world and the electromagnetic world. In the paper, we derive the expressions for: the electro-acoustic force between the bubbles in the cluster and an outer bubble, the gravito-acoustic forces between the bubbles in the cluster and between the cluster and an outer bubble, the temperature corresponding to the translational motion of the bubbles in the cluster (acoustic temperature) and the average acoustic radiation pressure. The most important result is the demonstration of the fact that the modulus of the average pressure of the acoustic radiation around a bubble is equal to the energy density of the electro-acoustic field, Eq. (10). These densities are the oscillation energy densities of the liquid around the bubble that are involved in the interaction phenomenon between two oscillating/pulsating bubbles. We have also demonstrated that the gravito - acoustic forces, at resonance, between the bubbles in the cluster, generated by the absorption of energy in the bubbles, are proportional to the square of the virtual masses of the bubbles, Eqs. (29) and (30).
Structural Changes of the Labour Market in the Czech Republic in Terms of Skills: Is There Any Job Polarization?
Authors: Náplava Radek 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Job polarization has been proven mainly in the United States and many Western European countries, but the Czech Republic has been relatively neglected in these surveys. This paper explicitly focuses on the Czech Republic and fills this gap from 2004–2017. Moreover, the Czech Republic is examined at the level of individual regions, making this paper new. Descriptive results show that the labour market has been polarized – employment in the high- and low-paying occupations has increased, while employment in the middling occupations has decreased. Furthermore, polarization has been demonstrated in seven regions. The workforce relocation took place to a greater extent in low-paying occupations (both at the level of individual regions and the level of the whole Czech Republic). Regression analysis results show job polarization only between 2004 and 2010 in the occupations of the private sphere.
Problems of Improving Advocacy in Civil Proceedings
Authors: Karassayeva Adiya , Dusipov Erkin , Seriyev Bolat , Tinistanova Saltanat , Mussekenova Aizhan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The relevance of the study is due to the presence of some problematic aspects in the institute of representation of Kazakhstan, in connection with which the level of effectiveness of citizens’ realisation of their inherent rights decreases. The study aims to evaluate recommendations for removal, necessitated by the critical importance of safeguarding citizens’ rights and ensuring the effective implementation of this mechanism. Methods such as logical analysis, deduction, induction, synthesis, legal hermeneutics, etc. were used. In the course of the study, it was revealed that the criteria for lawyers are more formal in nature, which contributes to the unqualified legal assistance to the citizens. There is also no concept of legal responsibility for the provision of this kind of assistance by specialists. Conflicts related to the implementation of their activities by lawyers of other states were considered. This provided an opportunity to characterise them and make an appropriate assessment. A study of the activities of the institute of representation was conducted and its features, principles, and signs were highlighted. A significant aspect of the study was the analysis of international experience, particularly from the European Union (EU), regarding the functioning of the institution of representation in civil proceedings. This analysis identified the main ways of development, the course of integration, and the specific features of legislation in EU countries, allowing for the identification of promising areas for application in Kazakhstan’s legal practice. The practical value of the results obtained is the provision of recommendations that will contribute to improving the effectiveness of lawyers in civil proceedings and greater protection and guarantees of citizens’ rights and freedoms.
Sustainable Household Income in EU Countries Ensuring a Life Out of Poverty
Authors: Baláková Irena , Švecová Veronika , Ulbrichová Sabina , Stávková Jana 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The identification of the structure of sustainable household disposable income in times of economic uncertainty is the aim of this paper. The research provides household income components in order to achieve a sustainable income ensuring life out of poverty. The analyses were based on the EU-SILC 2020 database of primary data (N = 232,816 EU households). The binary logistic regression verified that households capable of generating savings have the highest chances of achieving a sustainable income. There is also a positive influence of the investment income (interests, dividends, rental income), but with a lower impact than expected. On the contrary, the presence of social transfers in income reduces the likelihood of sustainable income. Social income is beneficial to households in poverty but it is essential to ensure that it is properly targeted.
Phenomenal Powers or a Power of the Self?
Authors: Wright John 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
One argument against epiphenomenalism arises from the theory of evolution. A particularly powerful form of this argument was developed by William James. James argued against epiphenomenalism on the grounds that, if it were correct, it would be inexplicable why the things that we find pleasurable are mostly beneficial to us while the things we find painful are mostly harmful. The aim of the present paper is to defend and extend James’s argument. James’s argument is here defended against criticisms due to Karl Popper, John Eccles and William Robinson. Recently, an argument similar to James’s has been developed by Hedda Hassel Mørch. Mørch argues that the phenomena to which James drew our attention can be explained if we say pleasure and pain have phenomenal powers. In the present paper it is argued that, as it stands, the argument developed by Mørch is not satisfactory. It is argued that Mørch’s account needs to be supplemented with the thesis that the self has certain causal powers. A similar addition, it is argued, needs to be made to a position defended by Bradford Saad. The paper argues that, supplemented with the appropriate attributions of causal powers to the self, James’s argument against epiphenomenalism is effective.
Doing Language(s) and Other Communicative Practices
Authors: Ilyin Mikhail 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Enlanguaged practices bring together social semiosis working as an interfacial verge or axle for even greater domains of human existence. They have mental, bodily and communicative aspects, mingle with respective practices and thus bring them all together. 4E approaches to practices help to couple them. On the one hand embodying consolidates bodies and things while on the other enacting results in processes and practices. Linguistic bodies and things are shaped as nouns and nominal forms while processes and practices mold as verbs, predicatives and other rhematic formats.
Languaging in Social Practices: The Role of Narrative Games in Shaping Diplomatic Conventions
Authors: Franco Chiara De 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
This article examines the role of languaging in shaping social practices, drawing on Maturana’s concept of consensual coordination. It posits that social practices are essentially enlanguaged activities, emerging and evolving through the conventions born from recursive interactions. Central to this argument is a reinterpretation of Maturana’s typology of conversations, suggesting it as a guide to the kinds of conventions that can emerge from consensual coordination. The article introduces an analytical framework conceptualizing narrative games as languaging mechanisms. This framework is informed by an abductive process based on radical linguistics and the analysis of 128 diplomatic conversation transcripts. In its conclusion, the article offers insights into how languaging plays a crucial role in establishing conventions and rules within social practices. It also examines the capacity of languaging to drive social change, underscoring the importance of future research in this area.
Estimating required general practitioner capacity due to generational change in Czech regions up to 2035
Authors: Šídlo Luděk , Kahoun Lukáš , Čábela Filip , Havelková Tereza 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The Czech healthcare system primary care segment, comprising general practitioners and pediatricians, faces persistent challenges due to the unbalanced and aging workforce of physicians. Ensuring adequate generational turnover in this sector is threatened at the national level and will exert an even more significant impact regionally. The changing age structure of the population will also play a crucial role in shaping the future demand for healthcare services. Using data obtained from the largest Czech health insurance company, this article highlights current regional disparities regarding the number, structure and capacity of general practitioners and pediatricians. It estimates the potential decline in the availability of physicians due primarily to advancing age – it has been estimated that almost 40% of general practitioner and 55% of pediatrician capacity will be withdrawn by 2035. Using regional population projections, the study determines the capacity required in each region to maintain the appropriate doctor/patient ratios. The results of the projections serve to raise awareness of the impact of changing age structures on the future supply of, and demand for, healthcare. Although the study does not determine a precise estimate of unfilled capacity, it prompts further discussions on ensuring accessible healthcare in the future.
Methods for Assessing Concrete Segregation Due to Compaction
Authors: Ahmed Hassan , Punkki Jouni 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Segregation in concrete significantly affects its durability and structural integrity by introducing local variance in both the strength distribution and the modulus of elasticity within a structural element. Additionally, segregation can lead to durability complications, such as shrinkage induced cracking. Recent observations have identified such segregation issues in already existing structures, underscoring the importance of assessing segregation. In this study, we evaluate the extent of segregation in normally vibrated concrete specimens, which were subjected to different vibration durations and vibrated using either table or poker vibrators. The research introduces three segregation indices to assess this phenomenon. One index relies on the standard deviation of densities across multiple slices of each specimen, while the other two utilize Digital Image Processing (DIP) to analyse the distribution of aggregates in horizontal and vertical slices, respectively. High correlations were found between the density-based index and vibration time for both poker-vibrated and table-vibrated specimens. The DIP-based indices showed strong correlations with the density-based approach, offering quicker alternatives for assessing segregation. The study further proposes classification levels for segregation based on these methods and reveals the negative impact of increased air entrainment on segregation. These findings provide insights for optimizing concrete compaction processes and understanding segregation.
Frost-salt Testing Non-air Entrained High-performance Fly-ash Concrete Part II: Parameter Study of Effect of Internal Cracking on Glue Spall Stress
Authors: Asadi Iman , Skjølsvold Ola , Kanstad Terje , Jacobsen Stefan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A parametric analysis of glue spall stress (concrete surface tensile stress at ice-discontinuities by differential thermal expansion ice-concrete) as affected by internal cracking in concrete in the CEN/TS 12390-9 salt-frost slab-test was made. Increasing differential thermal expansion ice-concrete (∆α) and reduced E-modulus and Poisson ratio (ν) due to internal cracking were used based on data from Part 1 of this study. For the concrete specimens in Part 1 of this study [1] glue spall stress increased by 14 % due to internal cracking whereas reduced ice thickness of 1 – 2 mm due to accelerated Liquid Uptake (LU) in wet freeze/thaw reduced glue spall stress by 34 to 65 %. LU should hence be accounted for in modelling scaling, both due to reduced ice thickness and increased ∆α due to internal cracking. Increased crack penetration depth and its effect on scaled particle size due to internal cracking were also analyzed.
Interpretation of the Result of a Traditional Salt-Frost Scaling Test
Authors: Fagerlund Göran 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Frost damage on the concrete surface might be aggravated when freezing occurs in the presence of a salt solution, like sea water or de-icing salt. A possible mechanism behind this combination of frost and salt is discussed. When freezing takes place in pure water, ice formed at the surface will block inflow of water to the concrete, but it will cause drying of the concrete. When freezing occurs in salt solution, unfrozen water (brine) can enter the concrete surface and make the concrete completely saturated. When pore water freezes, it exerts pressure. The effect of air-entrainment is favourable since it reduces the stresses. A calculation is made of the air requirement for concrete with w/c-ratio 0.45.
Hydration of Composite Cements Containing Novel SCMs
Authors: Zuschlag Pamela , Machner Alisa , Hemstad Petter , Kjellsen Knut O. , Zajac Maciej , Haha Mohsen Ben , Danner Tobias , Justnes Harald , Weerdt Klaartje De , Geiker Mette R 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
The impact of novel supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on the phase assemblage and the pore structure in cement pastes was studied and linked to their impact on the compressive strength in mortar. The composite cements analysed had a composition of 78 wt.% Portland cement, 18 wt.% SCM and 4 wt.% limestone filler, and the samples were cured sealed for 91 days at 20°C. The investigated SCMs comprise natural materials such as clays and volcanic rocks (rhyolite and hyaloclastite), and industrial products such as fly ash, slag, oil shale ash, bio-fuel ash or bio-coal fly ash. The results revealed that all the SCMs except oil shale ash contribute to the phase assemblage in a similar way, when clinker is replaced with 18 wt.% SCM. The pore structure of the different cement pastes was similar. Even when the composite cement pastes showed a higher total intruded pore volume compared to the Portland cement paste sample, these samples showed higher compressive strength. This indicates that total intruded porosity is not the only contribution to strength.
Repair Options for Corrosion-damaged Prestressed Concrete Bridges
Authors: Sharma Suraksha , Osmolska Magdalena Jadwiga , Hornbostel Karla , Bathen Lise , Novakova Iveta , Geiker Mette 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Prestressing of bridges allows construction of long spanned bridges made from thin structural members with high flexural and shear capacity. Studies have shown that some of the existing prestressed bridges are not meeting their designed service life due to corrosion of the tendons. The main reasons are poor construction practices in combination with inadequate inspection and maintenance plans. This paper provides a summary of repair options for corrosion-damaged prestressed concrete structures with focus on the individual components of the prestressed system. The applicability of identified repair options to Norwegian conditions is discussed.
Comparison and Joint Evaluation of Importance, Redundancy and Robustness Indicators Applied to Aging Prestressed Concrete Bridges
Authors: Sarmiento Silvia , Thöns Sebastian , González-Libreros Jaime , Björnsson Ivar , Sas Gabriel 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A bridge failure can result in significant social, economic, and environmental problems; therefore, its reliability and risk management are essential. Bridges’ system reliability and risks are governed mainly by their redundancy and robustness, which currently are not adequately included in most design code specifications. Thus, in this study, a comprehensive comparison between relevant importance, redundancy, and robustness indicators found in the literature with different levels of complexity is carried out. The indicators under analysis have been used separately in different studies but have never been addressed together. Therefore, this study presents a joint evaluation of deterministic, reliability- and risk-based indicators to evaluate the differences in interpretation and information provided by the indicators. The approach is exemplified by analyzing a prestressed concrete bridge subjected to continuous degradation due to chloride ingress. A procedure is implemented to couple a metamodel-based reliability approach with a Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis (NLFEA). Based on the analysis performed, the comparison between indicators showed how different interpretations can be obtained depending on the implemented approach. Thus, creating more uniform formulations and agreeing on target values is necessary to help with redundancy and robustness interpretation.
Evaluation of Tonsillectomy Patients and Factors Related to Immediate Tonsillectomy
Authors: Vīksne Renāta , Poļikarpova Karoļina , Jenbajeva Ksenija 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
A retrospective cohort study was conducted with the aim to characterise tonsillectomy patients and identify factors related to the development of complicated cases of tonsillitis and consecutive immediate tonsillectomies in the Latvian population. The data of 493 patients were analysed. Patients were hospitalised from 1 January 2019 to 30 November 2020, for elective or immediate tonsillectomy due to recurrent tonsillitis, with or without exacerbation and complications. The patients who underwent elective tonsillectomy were younger than those who underwent immediate tonsil-lectomy. Peritonsillar abscess was more common in smokers than in non-smokers (p < 0.001). Smokers had immediate tonsillectomy more often than non-smokers (p < 0.001). Patients who underwent elective tonsillectomy had the shortest period of antibiotic therapy (p < 0.001). Patients who had immediate tonsillectomy had a longer hospitalisation time. Immediate tonsillectomies were associated with patients of older age, smokers, longer hospitalisation, and antibacterial treatment periods. Unilateral peritonsillar abscess was the most common complication of tonsillitis, which resulted in immediate tonsillectomy.
Morphological and Anatomical Juvenility Markers in Silver Birch (Betula pendula Roth) In Vitro Shoots
Authors: Girgžde Elva , Samsone Ineta , Krivmane Baiba , Gailis Arnis , Ruņģis Dainis 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
During plant development, woody plants progress from a juvenile phase to the reproductive mature phase. This process is marked by morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes, including loss of competence to vegetative reproduction. During in vitro stabilisation, mature tissues undergo rejuvenation, however, the exact degree of juvenility attained is not known and differing regeneration capabilities are observed between genotypes. Markers indicating juvenility state would assist the in vitro rejuvenation process and increase the efficiency of successful micropropagation. Several leaf and stem morphological and anatomical traits were analysed as possible juvenility markers in mature and rejuvenated silver birch in vitro shoots. The results showed that juvenility state of birch in vitro shoots varies between different genotypes and between plants from the same genotype. Mature birch in vitro shoots had approximately two times larger and thicker leaves compared to rejuvenated and juvenile shoots. Stem radius, including cortex, phloem, xylem and pith width as well as phloem width : stem radius and phloem width : xylem width ratio was significantly larger in mature shoots. Periderm development and loss of rooting ability were observed in mature shoots. These anatomical and morphological traits could be used as possible juvenility/maturation markers.
Studies on Species of the Ranunculus auricomus Complex in the Flora of Latvia: Ranunculus cassubicus Group
Authors: Evarts-Bunders Pēteris , Evarte-Bundere Gunta , Krasnopoļska Dana , Svilāne Inita , Bojāre Aiva 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Traditionally, all authors in Latvia summarise all agamic species of the Ranunculus auricomus complex under three species, auricomus L., R. fallax (Wimm. et Grab) Sloboda, and R. cassubicus L. However, there are many compelling studies showing that the R. auricomus complex is a large assembly of apomictic microspecies. In this article, 17 species of the R. cassubicus group in Latvia are presented: R. angustior (Markl.) Ericss. R. cajanderi (Fagerstr.) Ericss., R. cassubicus L. s.str., R. circinatifrons (Markl.) Ericss., R. elatior (Fries.) Ericss., R. hannae Jasiew., R. imitans (Markl.) Ericss., R. inopinus (Markl.) Ericss., R. karelicus (Markl.) Ericss., R. macrantherus (Markl.) Ericss., R. niepolomicensis Jasiew., R. pawlowskii Jasiew., R. prorsidens (Markl.) Ericss., R. scalaridens (Markl.) Ericss., R. serratifrons (Markl.) Ericss., R. svirensis (Markl.) Ericss., and R. tranzschelii (Fagerstr.) Ericss.
Seasonal Dynamics of the Exotic Cherry Plum Aphid Brachycaudus Divaricatae (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) on Prunus Cerasifera in Latvia, with Notes on Local Predators
Authors: Petrova Valentīna , Jankevica Līga , Stalažs Arturs 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Brachycaudus divaricatae Shaposhnikov has spread in many European countries over the last decades, where it causes intensive damage to Prunus cerasifera. Forty P. cerasifera trees were monitored in 2013 at Dārziņi, on the outskirts of Riga city (Latvia), to obtain data on seasonal dynamics of an exotic aphid species, B. divaricatae. Brachycaudus divaricatae was predominant on its only known host plant species, P. cerasifera. Other aphid species were found on monitored trees: Brachycaudus sp., Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy) and Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae (L.). The target species, B. divaricatae was the most abundant, followed by H. pruni, but only B. divaricatae reached the highest infestation level. The latest date of registered B. divaricatae colonies was 31 October 2013. Many predatory arthropods belonging to Acari, Araneae, Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, and Neuroptera were registered in B. divaricatae colonies. The most abundant predators were dipteran larvae from the families Cecidomyiidae and Syrphidae. Predatory dipterans most abundant were only at the beginning of the season (June). Later in the season, the number of spiders increased in aphid colonies, and of 365 spiders, 43.8% were members of the Linyphiidae family. Five ant species were caught in B. divaricatae colonies, and Formica cinerea Mayr was the most abundant.