bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Relook at Cerebral Palsy Beyond Motor Pathology: A Cross-Sectional Study of Sensory Processing Abilities
Authors: Mahesan Aakash , Jauhari Prashant , Singhal Mita , Gulati Sheffali , Chakrabarty Biswaroop , Sirolia Vivek , Pandey Ravindra Mohan 
Published: July 2024

Background:
Sensory processing refers to receiving, organizing, and interpreting sensory stimuli from the sensory system. Unlike other neurodevelopmental disorders, knowledge about the sensory processing abilities of children with cerebral palsy (CP) is lacking.

Objective:
To study the difference in sensory processing abilities of children with cerebral palsy in comparison to age matched typically developing children (TDC).

Methods and Material:
A cross-sectional analysis of sensory processing abilities of children with CP and TDC was performed from July 2018 through February 2020. The child sensory profile2 (CSP2) caregiver questionnaire was used to detect sensory processing differences (SPD) across nine sensory domains and four sensory processing patterns. A comparison was made between the two study groups as well as between the CP subtypes.

Result:
Around 226 children with CP and 58 TDC were screened. Finally, 150 children with CP and 50 TDC were enrolled. Probable SPD (>1SD) was observed in (121/150) 80.7% of children with CP compared to (13/50) 26% in TDC (p < 0.001). Definite SPD (>2SD) was seen in 40.7% (61/150) of children with CP vs. none in TDC (p < 0.001). The body position domain which tests the vestibular and proprioceptive processing was primarily affected in CP. Most children with CP fell under the “bystander” pattern suggesting poor registration of sensory stimuli. No significant difference in the pattern of sensory processing was observed between the CP subtypes. Prevalence of definite SPD positively correlated with the gross motor functional classification system level.

Conclusion:
Sensory processing abilities of children with CP differ significantly from TDC. Proprioceptive and vestibular sensory processing is primarily affected in CP.
Gait Parameters Change can be an Early Marker of Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Saini Mamta , Subramanian Manicka S. , Rao Abhijith R. , Thakral Meenal , Singh Vishwajeet , Chakrawarty Avinash , Chatterjee Prasun , Dey Aparajit B. 
Published: July 2024

Background and Objective:
Gait impairment leads to increased dependence, morbidity, institutionalization, and mortality in older people. We intended to assess gait parameters with the continuum of cognitive impairment and observe variation with the severity of cognitive impairment.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at the memory clinic of a tertiary care center. One hundred and twelve subjects were recruited, and cognition was assessed by the Clinical Dementia Rating scale. Usual gait was assessed by a 6-m walk test, and the dynamic gait was assessed using Biodex Gait Trainer™. Apart from crude analysis, adjusted linear regression was used to find the association of spatiotemporal gait parameters with cognitive decline.

Results:
Subjects were divided into subjective cognitive decline (SCD; n = 38), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 40), and major neurocognitive disorder (MNCD; n = 34) groups. History of falls (23.7% vs. 30.0% vs. 67.7%, P < 0.001) and impaired activities of daily living (ADLs) (5.3% vs. 15.0% vs. 100%, P < 0.001) were significantly higher with cognitive decline. Age- and gender-adjusted regression analysis revealed that usual gait speed (0.8 vs. 0.6 vs. 0.5, P < 0.001) (m/s), total time (3.9 vs. 2.9 vs. 2.6, P = 0.022) (min), total distance (65.6 vs. 55.8 vs. 46.6, P = 0.025) (m), step cycle time (0.6 vs. 0.8 vs. 0.8, P = 0.020) (cycles/s), and step lengths were significant.

Conclusion:
Gait speed and other parameters worsened with increasing cognitive impairment. Changes in gait parameters might be a useful marker of declining cognition, though a long-term follow-up study is required to establish this association. Early intervention could be beneficial in preserving autonomy in patients with cognitive impairment.
Evaluation of Hearing Loss in Patients with Essential Tremor
Authors: Yaka Emis Cansu , Ünal Murat , Dogu Okan 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Essential tremor (ET) is a common chronic progressive disease, characterized by postural and action tremor. Abnormalities within the cerebello-thalamocortical pathways are thought to be involved in ET. In some studies, it was reported that there is an association between ET and hearing loss.

Objective:
In this study, our goal is to examine the electrophysiological changes of the structures forming the auditory pathway in ET cases, and the relationship of these changes with clinical findings and understand if the pathology underlying hearing loss in ET is cochlear or retrocochlear.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred sequential ET patients who had referred to Mersin University Faculty of Medicine Neurology Department, and 100 healthy individuals that are equivalent in terms of age and gender were conducted to investigate this association. Detailed medical history, neurologic examination, audiologic examination, pure-tone audiometry (PTA), tympanometry, and auditory brainstem response (ABR) analyses also known as brainstem auditory-evoked potentials were applied to all patients and controls.

Results:
The mean age of patients with ET was 56.38 ± 16.73, and the mean age of individuals in the control group was 56.47 ± 16.86. Nineteen of the patients with ET, and two healthy individuals from the control group had hearing problems (P < 0.001). In this study, there were no significant differences found in audiometric and ABR examinations in terms of hearing loss between the ET group and control group. However, in audiometric and ABR analyses, an increase in hearing loss was found to be correlated with an increase in tremor severity. In PTA test, hearing loss was higher in those with high-intensity tremor severity than in the group with mild tremor severity. This was statistically significant. P (KW) <0.05 Pposthoc < 0.05. In ABR analysis, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference with the increase of tremor severity at the dominant hand with: wave V latencies of the right and left ear; I-V interpeak latencies of the right ear, and III-V interpeak latencies of the right ear. The difference was between mild and moderate tremor groups.

Conclusion:
This study shows that there could be an impairment in inhibiting the functional transmission in the brainstem of patients with ET.
Associations between Quantitative Sleep Analysis and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Adults
Authors: Kizilkilic Esra Kochan , Karadeniz Derya , Senel Gulcin Benbir 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
We investigated the role of sleep structure and sleep spindles on cognitive functions in healthy adults.

Materials and Methods:
Our study included 41 participants aged 18–65 years who had no other medical/sleep disorders. All participants underwent full-night polysomnography (PSG). The Standardized Mini-Mental Examination (SMME), Clock Drawing Test (CDT), forward and backward Digit Span Test (DST), Stroop test, and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were performed on all participants.

Results:
The study comprised 12 (29.2%) women and 29 (70.8%) men whose mean age was 47.0 ± 12.2 years. The mean forward DST score was significantly better in men than in women (P = 0.025). As age increased, the number of incorrect answers in the Stroop test (P = 0.016) increased. Of PSG data, a shorter duration of superficial sleep was associated with better scores in forward (t = −2.219; P = 0.040) and backward DST (t = −2.463; P = 0.024). Sleep spindle analysis showed that men had a significantly lower density compared with women (P = 0.046). A trend for a negative correlation was observed between increased sleep spindle density and lower Stroop test scores (t = −0.442; P = 0.051). The SMME, CDT, and BDI showed no significant associations with sleep structure. Decreased duration of sleep spindles significantly correlated with higher scores in forward (t = −0.480; P = 0.032) and backward DST (t = −0.489; P = 0.025).

Conclusion:
Our study showed that men had better functioning in attention, although they had a lesser amount of sleep spindles than women. This finding may be explained by socioenvironmental differences between the sexes. Sleep spindle characteristics, such as density and duration, are possibly associated with cognitive functions.
Prognostic Effect of CDKN2A Homozygous Deletion and Beclin 1 in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutant Glial Tumors
Authors: Çoban Ganime , Turna Seval , Şahin Nurhan , Günver Feray , Hatiboğlu Mustafa Aziz , Gücin Zuhal , Elagöz Sahande 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
In the updated World Health Organization Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors, the presence of CDKN2A/2B homozygous deletion is now recognized as the indicative of Grade 4 in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant astrocytomas, and it is associated with a poor prognosis in Grade 4 astrocytomas. Conversely, Beclin 1, a crucial protein in autophagy initiation, exhibits a bidirectional effect on tumor progression and suppression. The objective of this study is to evaluate CDKN2A homozygous deletion in IDH mutant astrocytomas of varying grades, to compare it with microvascular proliferation (MVP) and palisading necrosis, and to analyze the relationship between these findings and Beclin 1 expression, subsequently comparing them with prognosis.

Subjects and Methods:
CDKN2A homozygous deletion and Beclin 1 expression were analyzed in 32 cases with IDH-mutant diffuse astrocytomas of Grades 2, 3, and 4.

Results:
CDKN2A homozygous deletion was detected in one of 10 patients with Grade 2 and in 8 of 17 patients with Grade 4. Beclin 1 was positively stained in 2 of Grade 2 astrocytomas, 4 of Grade 3 astrocytomas, and 9 of Grade 4 astrocytomas. While Beclin 1 expression was present in 5 of 9 cases with CDKN2A homozygous deletion, no expression was observed in four cases.

Conclusion:
In this study, the prognostic significance of CDKN2A homozygous deletion alone was found to be lower compared to the deletion in combination with MVP and/or necrosis. At the same time, Beclin 1 expression was determined to exert no prognostic significance alone, while it was found to exert a poor prognostic effect in combination with CDKN2A homozygous deletion.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) following blood transfusion in a polytrauma victim, an atypical occurrence
Authors: Shariff Erum , Soltan Nehad Mahmoud 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neuroradiological syndrome, clinically present by impaired consciousness, headache, visual disturbances, and seizures, and radiologically brain edema. Cases of PRES induced by blood transfusion are rarely documented. We report this case to increase the awareness of treating physicians for the possible complications of rapid blood transfusion. A 29-year-old man presented with polytrauma and was in hemorrhagic shock. He was transfused with multiple transfusions. Later, he was found to have quadriplegia with minimal movement of fingers in the left hand. His computed tomography showed cerebral edema in multiple cerebral regions. We propose that the etiology in this case is that rapid blood transfusion induced acute rise in hemoglobin which led to PRES. The influences of blood transfusion on blood flow, blood viscosity, and endothelial dysfunction lead to blood–brain barrier dysfunction, which can result in PRES.
A bibliometric analysis of publications on emergency medicine in Türkiye
Authors: Güzelce Mustafa Can , Orhan Ertuğ , Özgür Sefer 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:
Publications and literature related to emergency medicine (EM) have been consistently increasing. There are 4048 studies in total in the EM journals published until the present day in Türkiye in the Web of Science (WoS) database. Our aim is to define the bibliometric features of scientific studies published in EM journals in Türkiye, to gain insights into the trends of the literature.

METHODS:
We retrospectively analyzed the bibliometric data of scientific studies published in EM journals in Türkiye until today on the WoS database related to the EM field. The bibliometrix package of R statistical software was used in the bibliometric analyses in the study.

RESULTS:
A total of 4048 scientific studies from Türkiye indexed on the WoS database from 10,263 authors in four different journals were analyzed. Among these, 3681 (90.9%) were articles, 188 (4.7%) were reviews, 97 (2.4%) were editorial material, 60 (1.5%) were letters, and 5 (0.1%) were corrections. Average number of citations per study was 3.6, with the most cited study having 2016 citations. The most frequent title’s words were emergency, patient, and acute.

CONCLUSION:
This study shows that there is an increasing trend in the number of EM publications and citations in Türkiye with the first most cited study having 2016 citations, and the top contributing countries were Türkiye, Iran, and India. The results of this study may be useful in understanding the historical and prospective development of EM, including the identification of general information about its publications, differentiation of the top-cited ones, and presentation of a bibliometric analysis of scientific activity to date.
Microspherophakia in a Case of Isolated Sulphite Oxidase Deficiency
Authors: Hemanandini M , Fahima A Fathima 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Isolated sulphite oxidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder. A 5-month-old male child with neonatal seizures and global developmental delay was referred by a paediatrician for ophthalmological evaluation. On examination, the child was found to have microspherophakia and horizontal nystagmus. Owing to the previous history of lens dislocation and bilateral optic atrophy in the elder sibling, a suspicion of isolated sulphite oxidase deficiency was considered. A biochemical assessment revealed elevated urine sulphite levels with low total homocysteine and serum urate with normal urine xanthine and hypoxanthine levels. Neuroimaging revealed multicystic encephalomalacia. Clinical exome sequencing showed variants in CUX2 and CHD2 genes related to genetic and developmental encephalopathies; however, variations in the SUOX gene were not revealed in this analysis. This case is portrayed on account of uncommon presentation and for depicting the importance of ophthalmic examination as a lead in further evaluation.
Correlation between HbA1C and CCT in T2DM
Authors: Chenthil Krithika , Nalla Muthu P , Badrinath AK 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
An observational cohort study of central corneal thickness (CCT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in hyperglycemic and euglycemic states.

Context:
To assess the significance of glycemic control in CCT measurement.

Aims:
The main aim was to assess the change in CCT with the change in glycemic state by following them after 3 months.

Settings and Design:
This study was carried out in the department of ophthalmology, SMVMCH, Pondicherry.

Materials and Methods:
This is an observational cohort study carried out at Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital after obtaining ethics committee clearance. Fifty-six T2DM patients with HbA1C >7 were included in this study with informed consent. Clinical history with complete ophthalmic examination done, CCT was measured using ultrasonic pachymetry (UP) along with blood samples to measure their blood sugars and HbA1C values. They were advised to follow up on the treatment given by the medical department. Patients were reviewed after 3 months to measure the CCT and blood sugar values.

Statistical Analysis:
Done using STATA software 16.0. Continuous data and categorical data were assessed using paired t-test and Chi-square test, respectively. Normality of data using Shapiro–Wilk normality test. Statistical significance was adopted with P < 0.05.

Results:
In our study, the initial mean HbA1C was 9.4 ± 1.9 and mean CCT was 552.6 ± 40.6 μm, whereas follow-up mean HbA1C was 7.1 ± 1.2 and mean CCT was 548.5 ± 38 μm which shows statistical significance.

Conclusion:
Diabetics present with thicker corneas and there is a decrease in thickness once glycemic control has been achieved. Keeping this in mind, we suggest assessment of CCT in all diabetic patients during clinical work-up.
Management of a Rare Case of Full Thickness Penetrated Shrimp Tail in the Cornea – A Case Report
Authors: Bindiya Chalattil , Veluri Haritha 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
We report a case about management of penetrated shrimp tail in the cornea. A 32-year-old male, fisherman by profession, presented with redness, watering, and decreased vision in the left eye since 1 day following injury with a shrimp tail. Examination revealed a penetrating corneal foreign body which was identified to be a shrimp tail pointing into the anterior chamber toward the lens in LE. The case was managed surgically by pushing the foreign body with an iris repositor through side-port incision from below, followed by removal of the foreign body with a retina forceps from the corneal surface. Wound closure was done by a single 10-0 nylon suture.
A Comparative Study of Central Foveal Thickness in Nondiabetics Versus Diabetics Without Retinopathy Using Spectralis OCT
Authors: Sri Subiksha P , Jothi Saravanan 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To compare the central foveal thickness (CFT) in diabetics without retinopathy versus nondiabetics using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods:
The study was done as a comparative cross-sectional study among two groups with 30 subjects in each group. Group A was of diabetics without retinopathy and Group B was of nondiabetics. Patients with diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macular edema, other macular diseases, history of laser treatment, intra vitreal injections, chronic glaucoma, previous eye surgeries, and hypertension were excluded from the study. CFT of the two groups was measured using OCT.

Results:
All the data were analyzed with a statistical software package SPSS version 16.0. The mean CFT in the diabetics without retinopathy group was found to be 225.97 ± 21.20 µm, and in nondiabetic group it was 234.57 ± 34.68 µms.

Conclusion:
The study showed that CFT was slightly lower in diabetics without retinopathy when compared to nondiabetics, but the value was not statistically significant (P-value: 0.091).
Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Dharmalingam Vinitha , Fredrick Nirmal , Nirmal Sunitha , Kumar Niranjan Karthik Senthil 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
To assess the patient-reported outcome measures and health-related quality of life in cataract patients after their cataract surgery.

Method:
A prospective observational pilot study was conducted on 197 patients with cataract who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery in an urban-based eye care hospital.

Result:
Out of 197 patients, 110 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study. In our study, we chose Catquest-9SF as our parent questionnaire and made a few modifications in it based on the livelihood of our patients. The patient satisfaction percentage with reference to improvement in vision after cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in our study was 87%. A total of 96% of the patients who had multifocal/trifocal IOL implantation were completely satisfied with the cataract surgery.

Conclusion:
Due to improvement in life expectancy of elderly patients and increased usage of gadgets by them, spectacle independence and functional improvement have become their requirements. With standardised techniques, expertise and experience with the right use of advanced equipment and appropriate IOLs, we were able to get excellent results and complete patient satisfaction by knowing their lifestyle and requirement. Patient-reported outcome measures helped us in improving the vision and health-related quality of life after cataract surgery.
Correlation of Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thickness in Optical Coherence Tomography with Visual Outcome in Optic Neuritis
Authors: Usha C , Balasubramanian M , Nivethitha M 
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
In this study, the changes in optical coherence tomography (OCT) were correlated with the post-treatment visual outcome of optic neuritis, thereby determining the patients who are at risk of optic atrophy.

Design:
Prospective observational study.

Methodology:
All patients presenting to the outpatient department (OPD) with acute visual loss, pain on ocular movements and colour desaturation were subjected to comprehensive ophthalmic examination and OCT retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) analysis. All patients were treated with an Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial (ONTT) regimen and followed for one year.

Results:
Of 25 patients, 40% were 20 to 40 years of age, and females outnumbered males by 28%. The right eye had 48% unilateral affection and 12% bilateral affection; 56% had a central scotoma, and 24% had a centrocaecal scotoma. The most common aetiologies are as follows: idiopathic (84%), multiple sclerosis (MS) (12%) and Devic’s disease (4%). 60% presented with a visual acuity of 6/60–1/60 and 32% with a visual acuity of 6/18–6/36. Patients whose RNFL thickness was below 90 microns post-treatment had poorer visual outcome.

Conclusion:
In this study, optic neuritis was more common in females of 20 to 45 years with unilateral affection in the right eye. The most common field defect was central scotoma, and the most common cause of optic neuritis was idiopathic. It was also found that the visual acuity in optic neuritis can range from 6/18 to no PL. Of the 25 patients in the study, three patients had retrobulbar neuritis and six patients developed disc pallor during recovery after treatment.
Public administration as a subject of administrative law
Authors: Фадеева Е.С. , Ферстер М.Д. 
Published: July 2024

В статье раскрываются особенности публичной администрации как ключевого субъекта административного права. Проведен анализ существующих в науке понятий публичной администрации. Рассмотрена структура публичной администрации на основе критерия автономии ее элементов, выявлены особенности централизованных и децентрализованных элементов. Сделан вывод, что публичная администрация, имея нетрадиционную внутреннюю структуру, на постоянной основе выполняет исполнительно-распорядительные, контрольно-надзорные, специальные правоохранительные, ограниченные нормотворческие и квазисудебные функции, оказывает публичные услуги, управляет публичным имуществом. Отмечается смешение специализированных и контрольно-надзорных функций, правотворчества, оказания государственных услуг и управления госимуществом между отдельными органами исполнительной власти и иными элементами, входящими в состав публичной администрации.
The article reveals features of public administration as a key subject of administrative law. Concepts of public administration existing in science are analyzed. The public administration structure is considered according to the criterion of its elements autonomy; the features of centralized and decentralized elements are revealed. It is concluded that public administration, having an unconventional internal structure, on an ongoing basis performs executive and administrative, control and supervisory, special law enforcement, limited rule-making and quasi- judicial functions, provides public services, and manages public property. There is a mixture of specialized and supervisory functions, law-making, provision of public services and management of state property between individual executive authorities and other elements that make up public administration.