bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The risk of developing cancer of the digestive organs (excluding intestines) in the South Urals Population Exposed to Radiation Cohort
Authors: Krestinina L. Yu. , Zavyalov D. A. 
Published: July 2024

Evaluation of the low dose effect on population health is still a relevant issue. It requires further studies to improve our understanding of these effects. To solve this problem, it is important to conduct studies of the late effects of radiation exposure with direct risk estimation in the population that combines all strata of the society: people of different sex, age, initial health status, social and economic status. Moreover, this population should be sizeable and has been followed up for a long-term period. This manuscript is the first to present the findings of the analysis of the incidence risk of cancer of all the digestive organs, excluding intestines, and stomach cancer taken separately in members of the Southern Urals Population Exposed to Radiation Cohort depending on the dose accumulated in the stomach over the period from 1956 through 2018. This cohort is comprised of individuals exposed in the Southern Urals in two radiation accidents (on the Techa River and in the East-Urals Radioactive Trace) over the period from 01.01.1950 through 31.12.1960. The cohort also includes those who were born during this period; they could have additional in utero exposure or have exposed parents. The population was affected by long-term combined exposure (external and internal) at the low-to-medium soft tissue dose range (up to 1.1 Gy). The size of the incidence cohort was 47,282 people. Over the follow-up period 01.01.1956-31.12.2018, the number of person-years made up 1 292 930; mean dose to the stomach was 47 mGy, maximum – 1,132 mGy. Excess relative risk of the cancer incidence of the digestive organs was assessed using the Poisson regression analysis. Calculations were performed using the EPICURE Statistical software package. Excess relative risk for stomach cancer with a 2-year minimal, was 0.98/Gy (р=0.026), for all cancers of the digestive organs, excluding intestines, – 0.58/Gy, р=0.06. There was no significant modification of the effect by non-radiation factors. These values of excess relative risk do not disagree with the results of similar studies in the Japanese cohort of the atomic bomb survivors who were compatible in terms of age but had acute exposure at higher doses. No significant dose dependence of the cancer incidence of the oral cavity, esophagus, liver, or pancreas was detected at this stage.
Radiogenic risk of colorectal cancer in the Southern Urals Population Exposed to Radiation Cohort
Authors: Silkin S. S. , Mikryukova L. D. 
Published: July 2024

Colorectal cancer (colon, rectum, rectosigmoid and anus) is one of the most frequently registered cancer sites. Apart from main risk factors for the development of cancer of this localization (dietary disorders, obesity, alcohol and tobacco use, contact with certain chemicals), a number of authors have noted in their studies the effect of ionizing radiation. The objective of this study was to directly assess the excess relative risk of colorectal cancer in the population exposed to long-term chronic radiation mainly in the range of low-dose and low dose rates. These people are included in the Southern Urals Population Exposed to Radiation Cohort. Materials and methods: the analytical cohort included 47,282 people, the follow-up period was 63 years (from 1956 to 2018), and the number of person years at risk was 1,292,930. The incidence catchment area includes five Chelyabinsk Oblast raions, the cities of Chelyabinsk and Ozersk. For the period from 1956 to 2018, 462 cases of colon cancer were registered in the follow-up territory. The colon dose was used as a reference dose. The mean absorbed dose was 69 mGy, the maximum dose – 1,824 mGy. The analysis was performed using Epicure statistical package programs by Poisson regression method with a simple parametric model of excess relative risk. Significance of the results was assessed by the maximum likelihood method with 95% probability. Results: In SUPER members, baseline colorectal cancer incidence rates were found to be dependent on such factors as sex (p<0.001), ethnicity (p=0.001), attained age (p<0.001), education (p<0.001), year of birth of cohort members (p<0.001), presence of cancer in first degree relatives (p=0.03). The risk analysis did not reveal statistically significant dose dependence of the excess relative risk of malignant neoplasms of the whole large intestine, as well as no significant dependence of the excess risk of malignant neoplasms of the colon and rectum. The influence of modifying factors on the magnitude of radiogenic risk was evaluated. Assessment of the excess relative risk of colorectal cancer in this cohort is carried out for the first time.
Conversion from the frequency of chromosome translocations in T-lymphocytes to the bone marrow dose in the long-term period after internal 89,90 Sr exposure
Authors: Tolstykh E. I. 
Published: July 2024

Cytogenetic Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization studies, that allow assessing the frequency of stable chromosome aberrations in circulating T lymphocytes, are commonly used in retrospective dosimetry in cases of uniform whole-body exposure. In the event of 89,90Sr exposure, interpretation of cytogenetic data is challenging, especially if blood sampling occurs long after the start of exposure. The weighted average dose to T-lymphocytes at the time of donor blood sampling in the long-term period after exposure to 89,90Sr does not coincide with the red bone marrow dose. Previously, we developed a model that allows us to estimate the weighted average doses to T-lymphocytes upon 89,90Sr ingress into the body of people belonging to various age groups. In this study, the modeling results were used to estimate the conversion factors from the frequency of translocations to the red bone marrow dose, which is important for assessing radiobiological effects associated with hematological diseases. The objective of our study is to estimate numerically the conversion factors (Brbm) from the dose to lymphocytes to the dose to red bone marrow for various scenarios of 89,90Sr ingestion depending on age, sex, and time after the start of exposure. The following scenarios are considered: single, uniform chronic for six months, uniform chronic for 1-5 years, non-uniform intake for 5 years (simulates the dynamics of intake in the Techa riverside settlements in 1950-1954). As a result, it has been found that the Brbm values significantly depend on the age at the time of 89,90Sr intake. The older the person is at the start of exposure, the more the cytogenetic dose differs (it is significantly lower) from the dose to the red bone marrow. We can say that the cytogenetic dose corresponds to the red bone marrow dose only in newborns and infants. This is due to the age-related dynamics of T-cell populations. Sex does not have a significant effect on Brbm. The effect of the 89,90Sr intake duration on Brbm is the most pronounced for 15-year-old adolescents. For them, the difference in Brbm values for a single and chronic 5-year ingress reaches 13%. Non-uniform intake of 90Sr over several years does not have a significant effect on Brbm and can be modelled by a uniform intake of the same duration.
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene practices in areas affected by Cyclone Idai in Zimbabwe
Authors: Dembedza Vimbainashe Prisca , Chopera Prosper , Macheka Lesley 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT
This study aimed to investigate the association between Cyclone Idai and the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) practices in Chimanimani and Chipinge districts in Zimbabwe. The WASH parameters assessed included the main water source, the type of toilet in the household, the number of households sharing a toilet and the presence of a handwashing facility for use after using the toilet. The highest proportion of households that were mostly affected used piped water, while those not affected mainly used community boreholes (42.9%), protected wells (24.2%) and surface water (18.7%). Most households that were relocated to camps (70%) used the pit latrine with slabs, while most of the households that were not affected (41.8%) used the bush as their toilet facility. Only households relocated to camps shared toilets. Only the most affected and resettled population groups (in camps) had better access to improved WASH infrastructure. However, the sharing of toilets was high and the use of handwashing facilities was low in all settlement types. There was a significant association between the severity of Cyclone Idai and the main water source, adequacy of drinking water, sharing of toilets and the ability to purify drinking water.
Immediate Effects of Pencil Push-Up Exercise on Visual Accommodation Skills in Amateur Badminton Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Pokaisasawan Akachai , Ramyarangsi Papatsorn , Thichanpiang Peeradech , Jamkrajang Parunchaya , Mills Andrew , Jenchitr Watanee , Ajjimaporn Amornpan 
Published: July 2024

Background
Visual skills are crucial for peak athletic performance, with Visual Accommodation (VA) playing a vital role. However, the immediate effects of interventions on VA in sports remain unclear.

Objective
To investigate the acute effects of a 10-minute Pencil Push-Up (PPU) exercise on VA skills in amateur badminton players.

Methods
A two-arm, parallel, randomized controlled trial was conducted with twenty-eight amateur badminton players. Participants were matched by age, duration, and frequency of badminton practice, as well as visual health, and randomly assigned to either a Trained Group (TG) or an untrained group (NT). The TG performed a 10-minute PPU exercise, while the NT rested with closed eyes for the same duration. VA parameters, including Amplitude of Accommodation (AA), Accommodative Facility (AF), and Near Point of Convergence (NPC), were assessed before and after the intervention.

Results
Significant improvements in AA and AF were observed in the TG from pre- to post-intervention (AA: p < .0001, Cohen's d = 1.68; AF: p < .0001, Cohen's d = 3.10). However, no significant changes were observed in NPC (p= .45, Cohen's d =0.60). Furthermore, the TG exhibited greater improvements in AA and AF compared to the NT at post-intervention (AA: 95%CI= [-2.812 to -0.2314], p = .02; AF: 95%CI= [-8.363 to -3.680], p < .0001). No changes were observed in the NT group.

Conclusion
A single session of pencil push-up exercise acutely enhanced visual accommodation skills, specifically amplitude of accommodation and accommodative facility, in amateur badminton players. This suggests that visual accommodation training methods like pencil push-ups could improve visual performance in sports.

Clinical Trials Registry
TCTR20240531002 (https://www.thaiclinicaltrials.org/show/TCTR20240531002).
Naskah Catatan Harian Abdul Mugni dan Abdul Fatah sebagai Sumber Historiografi Malangbong Garut (1933 – 1990)
Authors: Nurussalam Kiki , Darsa Undang Ahmad , Sopian Rahmat 
Published: July 2024

Dengan menggunakan tinjauan filologi dan historiografi, tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan deskripsi naskah dan kritik teks Catatan Harian Abdul Mugni dan Abdul Fatah serta mengidentifikasi ungkapan sejarah perkembangan Malangbong Garut tahun 1933 – 1990 yang terkandung di dalamnya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif yang menghasilkan data deskriptif dari hasil wawancara dan studi pustaka. Dikarenakan naskah ini belum pernah digarap dan disalin, maka metode kajian filologi yang digunakan adalah metode terhadap naskah tunggal edisi standar. Hasilnya, dalam teks naskah catatan harian ini ditemukan beberapa kasus salah tulis yang disebabkan oleh kesalahan dalam menuliskan kosakata yang berasal dari bahasa asing seperti Belanda dan Arab. Di dalamnya banyak rekaman informasi sejarah seperti Kudeta Makkah 1979, masuknya program listrik masuk desa, fenomena pergi haji, keluarga berencana, dan lain sebagainya. Dengan demikian, naskah ini dapat mengungkap sejarah perkembangan unsur-unsur budaya masyarakat Malangbong, Garut dalam kurun waktu 57 tahun berdasarkan perspektif masyarakatnya sendiri.Kata kunci: naskah, catatan harian, filologi, historiografi, Malangbong
Evaluating the Impact of a Dutch Sexual Health Intervention for Adolescents: Think-Aloud and Semistructured Interview Study
Authors: Metz Gido , Thielmann Rosa R L C , Roosjen Hanneke , Crutzen Rik 
Published: July 2024

Background
Engagement with and the potential impact of web-based interventions is often studied by tracking user behavior with web analytics. These metrics do provide insights into how users behave, but not why they behave as such.

Objective
This paper demonstrates how a mixed methods approach consisting of (1) a theoretical analysis of intended use, (2) a subsequent analysis of actual use, and (3) an exploration of user perceptions can provide insights into engagement with and potential impact of web-based interventions. This paper focuses on the exploration of user perceptions, using the chlamydia page of the Dutch sexual health intervention, Sense.info, as a demonstration case. This prevention-focused platform serves as the main source of sexual and reproductive health information (and care if needed) for young people aged 12-25 years in the Netherlands.

Methods
First, acyclic behavior change diagrams were used to theoretically analyze the intended use of the chlamydia page. Acyclic behavior change diagrams display how behavior change principles are applied in an intervention and which subbehaviors and target behaviors are (aimed to be) influenced. This analysis indicated that one of the main aims of the page is to motivate sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing. Second, the actual use of the chlamydia page was analyzed with the web analytics tool Matomo. Despite the page’s aim of promoting STI testing, a relatively small percentage (n=4948, 14%) of the 35,347 transfers from this page were to the STI testing page. Based on these two phases, preliminary assumptions about use and impact were formulated. Third, to further explore these assumptions, a study combining the think-aloud method and semistructured interviews was executed with 15 young individuals aged 16-25 (mean 20, SD 2.5) years. Template analysis was used to analyze interview transcripts.

Results
Participants found the information on the Sense.info chlamydia page reliable and would visit it mostly for self-diagnosis purposes if they experienced potential STI symptoms. A perceived facilitator for STI testing was the possibility to learn about the symptoms and consequences of chlamydia through the page. Barriers included an easily overlooked link to the STI testing page and the use of language not meeting the needs of participants. Participants offered suggestions for lowering the threshold for STI testing.

Conclusions
The mixed methods approach used provided detailed insights into the engagement with and potential impact of the Sense.info chlamydia page, as well as strategies to further engage end users and increase the potential impact of the page. We conclude that this approach, which triangulates findings from theoretical analysis with web analytics and a think-aloud study combined with semistructured interviews, may also have potential for the evaluation of web-based interventions in general.
Using Domain Adaptation and Inductive Transfer Learning to Improve Patient Outcome Prediction in the Intensive Care Unit: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Mutnuri Maruthi Kumar , Stelfox Henry Thomas , Forkert Nils Daniel , Lee Joon 
Published: July 2024

Background
Accurate patient outcome prediction in the intensive care unit (ICU) can potentially lead to more effective and efficient patient care. Deep learning models are capable of learning from data to accurately predict patient outcomes, but they typically require large amounts of data and computational resources. Transfer learning (TL) can help in scenarios where data and computational resources are scarce by leveraging pretrained models. While TL has been widely used in medical imaging and natural language processing, it has been rare in electronic health record (EHR) analysis. Furthermore, domain adaptation (DA) has been the most common TL method in general, whereas inductive transfer learning (ITL) has been rare. To the best of our knowledge, DA and ITL have never been studied in-depth in the context of EHR-based ICU patient outcome prediction.

Objective
This study investigated DA, as well as rarely researched ITL, in EHR-based ICU patient outcome prediction under simulated, varying levels of data scarcity.

Methods
Two patient cohorts were used in this study: (1) eCritical, a multicenter ICU data from 55,689 unique admission records from 48,672 unique patients admitted to 15 medical-surgical ICUs in Alberta, Canada, between March 2013 and December 2019, and (2) Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III, a single-center, publicly available ICU data set from Boston, Massachusetts, acquired between 2001 and 2012 containing 61,532 admission records from 46,476 patients. We compared DA and ITL models with baseline models (without TL) of fully connected neural networks, logistic regression, and lasso regression in the prediction of 30-day mortality, acute kidney injury, ICU length of stay, and hospital length of stay. Random subsets of training data, ranging from 1% to 75%, as well as the full data set, were used to compare the performances of DA and ITL with the baseline models at various levels of data scarcity.

Results
Overall, the ITL models outperformed the baseline models in 55 of 56 comparisons (all P values <.001). The DA models outperformed the baseline models in 45 of 56 comparisons (all P values <.001). ITL resulted in better performance than DA in terms of the number of times and the margin with which it outperformed the baseline models. In 11 of 16 cases (8 of 8 for ITL and 3 of 8 for DA), TL models outperformed baseline models when trained using 1% data subset.

Conclusions
TL-based ICU patient outcome prediction models are useful in data-scarce scenarios. The results of this study can be used to estimate ICU outcome prediction performance at different levels of data scarcity, with and without TL. The publicly available pretrained models from this study can serve as building blocks in further research for the development and validation of models in other ICU cohorts and outcomes.
Sleep During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Observational Study Combining Multisensor Data With Questionnaires
Authors: Luong Nguyen , Mark Gloria , Kulshrestha Juhi , Aledavood Talayeh 
Published: July 2024

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic prompted various containment strategies, such as work-from-home policies and reduced social contact, which significantly altered people’s sleep routines. While previous studies have highlighted the negative impacts of these restrictions on sleep, they often lack a comprehensive perspective that considers other factors, such as seasonal variations and physical activity (PA), which can also influence sleep.

Objective
This study aims to longitudinally examine the detailed changes in sleep patterns among working adults during the COVID-19 pandemic using a combination of repeated questionnaires and high-resolution passive measurements from wearable sensors. We investigate the association between sleep and 5 sets of variables: (1) demographics; (2) sleep-related habits; (3) PA behaviors; and external factors, including (4) pandemic-specific constraints and (5) seasonal variations during the study period.

Methods
We recruited working adults in Finland for a 1-year study (June 2021-June 2022) conducted during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected multisensor data from fitness trackers worn by participants, as well as work and sleep-related measures through monthly questionnaires. Additionally, we used the Stringency Index for Finland at various points in time to estimate the degree of pandemic-related lockdown restrictions during the study period. We applied linear mixed models to examine changes in sleep patterns during this late stage of the pandemic and their association with the 5 sets of variables.

Results
The sleep patterns of 27,350 nights from 112 working adults were analyzed. Stricter pandemic measures were associated with an increase in total sleep time (TST) (β=.003, 95% CI 0.001-0.005; P<.001) and a delay in midsleep (MS) (β=.02, 95% CI 0.02-0.03; P<.001). Individuals who tend to snooze exhibited greater variability in both TST (β=.15, 95% CI 0.05-0.27; P=.006) and MS (β=.17, 95% CI 0.03-0.31; P=.01). Occupational differences in sleep pattern were observed, with service staff experiencing longer TST (β=.37, 95% CI 0.14-0.61; P=.004) and lower variability in TST (β=–.15, 95% CI –0.27 to –0.05; P<.001). Engaging in PA later in the day was associated with longer TST (β=.03, 95% CI 0.02-0.04; P<.001) and less variability in TST (β=–.01, 95% CI –0.02 to 0.00; P=.02). Higher intradaily variability in rest activity rhythm was associated with shorter TST (β=–.26, 95% CI –0.29 to –0.23; P<.001), earlier MS (β=–.29, 95% CI –0.33 to –0.26; P<.001), and reduced variability in TST (β=–.16, 95% CI –0.23 to –0.09; P<.001).

Conclusions
Our study provided a comprehensive view of the factors affecting sleep patterns during the late stage of the pandemic. As we navigate the future of work after the pandemic, understanding how work arrangements, lifestyle choices, and sleep quality interact will be crucial for optimizing well-being and performance in the workforce.