bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tears of the Accessory Ligament of the Superficial Digital Flexor and Their Relationship to the Carpal Sheath
Authors: Minshall G.J. 
Published: September 2013

AimsThe study aimed to describe an ultrasonographic technique for evaluation of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor (ALSDF) and to report the presentation, clinical, ultrasonographic and endoscopic features associated with intrathecal tears of the ligament.MethodsThe case records of 83 horses that underwent ultrasonography of the carpal sheath by the author between 2008 and 2012 were evaluated. Injuries of the ALSDF were identified and reviewed.ResultsTen horses had injuries to the ALSDF. All cases were assessed using linear and curved array transducers in caudomedial to craniolateral orientations. The former was used in transverse and longitudinal orientations and with colour Doppler to assess intra‐ and periligamentous vasculature. The curved array transducer was used for transverse studies both with the limb weightbearing and with slight carpal flexion. This combination of imaging studies detected tearing of the ALSDF which communicated with the carpal sheath in all 10 cases. Seven of the 10 cases underwent tenoscopic examination which confirmed the ultrasonographic findings. The areas of torn ALSDF were in consistent locations and with similar lesion morphology.ConclusionsDisruption of the ALSDF can communicate with the carpal sheath resulting in lameness and intrathecal haemorrhage. The latter appears to result from vessels which are primary branches of the median artery and tears in the ALSDF can extend to this. The injuries are reliably predicted by ultrasonography. This also allows assessment of the proximity of the tear to the median artery which in turn is an important guide for subsequent tenoscopic surgery.Practical significanceUltrasonographic evaluation of the ALSDF can identify tears which communicate with the carpal sheath. Tenoscopy should then be considered as a treatment option.Ethical animal researchNot required by this Congress: retrospective clinical study. Sources of funding: None. Competing interests: None.
Musculoskeletal Injury in Arabian Racehorses: A Study of Injury Distribution and Prevalence in One Training Yard in the United Kingdom (2005–2012)
Authors: Dallas R.S. 
Published: September 2013

AimsThere has been limited information regarding musculoskeletal injury in Arabian racehorses. This study aims to document the distribution of musculoskeletal injuries and their prevalence in a population of Arabians in flat training in one Newmarket yard.MethodsA retrospective analysis of individual veterinary records for all horses in training in one Arabian racing yard during the period from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2012 was performed. Information including injury type, sex, age and limb affected were recorded. Injury categories included in the study were: 1) fractures involving the carpus, tarsus, proximal sesamoid bones and metacarpophalangeal/metatarsophalangeal joints; 2) stress fractures (pelvis, tibia, scapula, humerus, radius, metacarpus, metatarsus); 3) suspensory ligament branch desmitis; 4) superficial digital flexor (SDFT) tendonitis. Injuries which occurred as a result of trauma and those which may be associated with variable clinical signs were excluded.ResultsIn 144 horses, 42 individual injuries occurring in 34 horses were recorded. Overall prevalence of horses sustaining musculoskeletal injury was 23.6%. Eight horses sustained more than one injury and 3 horses suffered re‐injury (same site, same limb). Fractures of the proximal phalanx (P1) were the most common injury type (25/42, 59.5%), followed by SDFT tendonitis (8/42, 19.0%) and suspensory ligament branch desmitis (3/42, 7.1%). Musculoskeletal injury was most common in 4‐year‐olds. Gender was not significantly associated with overall musculoskeletal injury.Conclusions and practical significanceA better knowledge of the distribution and prevalence of musculoskeletal injury in racing Arabians may allow earlier intervention and focus veterinary diagnostic efforts for injury detection.AcknowledgementsThe author is grateful for the co‐operation of Mrs. G. Duffield and Shadwell Estate Management, Newmarket, UK.Ethical animal researchThis study, using client‐owned animals, involves informed client consent. Sources of funding: None. Competing interests: None.
Radiological Characterisation of Ossified Ungular Cartilages of the Foot
Authors: Jones L.E. , Dyson S.J. 
Published: September 2013

AimsOssified ungular cartilages may be associated with foot pain. There are no detailed descriptions of their radiological appearance. Dorsopalmar images are considered best for evaluation of ossification; the usefulness of oblique images has not been assessed. The aims were to describe the radiological appearance of ossified cartilages and to determine the usefulness of oblique images.MethodsRadiographs of all feet (n = 169, 2005–2012) with ≥ Grade 2 ossification (Dyson et al. ) of one/both ungular cartilages were assessed subjectively using a purpose‐designed grading system, after a repeatability study in which 10 sets of radiographs were examined 10 times. Detection of abnormalities was compared among conventional and oblique images.ResultsRadiological abnormalities including focal/diffuse increase in trabecular bone opacity, loss of trabecular architecture, and loss of definition between the trabecular bone and the cortices were more frequent in lateral cartilages (72, 59 and 60, respectively) than medial (41, 36 and 33, respectively). Cartilage shape varied in dorsopalmar images, being straight (270), curving axially (19) or abaxially (10). There was modelling of the cortices in 52 lateral (33 mild, 19 moderate) and 23 medial (17 mild, 6 moderate) cartilages. There were separate centres of ossification (SCsO) in 30 lateral and 14 medial cartilages. Fractures were present in 18 medial and 13 lateral cartilages, 20 at the base. Accurately distinguishing between fractures and osseous reaction around junctions between ossification centres was impossible in 8 cartilages. In total SCsO or fractures were seen in 59 dorsopalmar and 81 oblique images. Fracture sites and junctions between ossification centres were consistently best seen in oblique images. Palmar curvature of the cartilages could only be accurately detected in oblique images and was present in 31 cartilages.Conclusions and practical significanceLateral cartilages had a greater variation in radiological appearance than medial cartilages. Oblique images can provide information not available from other images.Ethical animal researchNot required by this Congress: retrospective analysis of archived radiographs. Sources of funding: None. Competing interests: None.
Vaccination Against Equine Grass Sickness: Piloting a Clinical Field Trial of a Clostridium botulinum Type‐C Toxoid in Scotland in 2012–13
Authors: Ireland J.L. , Newton J.R. , Proudman C.J. , Thomson K. , McGorum B.C. 
Published: September 2013

AimsTo conduct a pilot study to inform sample size and trial methodology for a proposed triple‐blinded randomised placebo‐controlled field trial for a Clostridium botulinum type C toxoid vaccine in the prevention of equine grass sickness (EGS).MethodsOnly healthy horses/ponies residing on premises previously affected by a high incidence and frequency of EGS were included. Enrolled horses/ponies were randomly allocated, at premises‐level, stratified by age, to vaccine or placebo treatment groups at a 1:1 ratio. Baseline and follow‐up premises and horse data were obtained via telephone questionnaires. Veterinary surgeons responsible for the primary care of enrolled animals administered the primary course of vaccine/placebo on Days 0, 21, 42. Following appropriate training, owners completed post treatment daily observations for 7 days following each treatment.ResultsThere were 5 participating practices, recruiting 10 EGS‐affected premises in eastern Scotland. A total of 109 horses/ponies were enrolled: 13 were excluded prior to randomisation, and one was excluded following randomisation due to absence of a valid passport. Median age at enrolment was 5.5 years. Age (P = 0.34), gender (P = 0.19) and breed (P = 0.94) distributions did not differ significantly between vaccine and placebo groups. Ninety‐five horses/ponies completed the primary treatment course. No significant adverse events were reported and overall prevalence of minor injection site reactions was 1.4% (n = 4/285; 95% CI 0.4–2.8%).Conclusions and practical significanceParticipant compliance has been excellent, and findings of this pilot study will be used to refine sample size calculations and inform modifications to trial methodology for a proposed future full‐scale vaccine trial.Ethical animal researchThis study was conducted under an Animal Test Certificate and granted institutional ethical approval. Informed written owner consent was obtained for each animal, and procedures were in line with recognised veterinary practice as defined in The Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986. Sources of funding: This study was generously funded by Neogen Corporation. Competing interests: None.
Equine Influenza and Tetanus Immunisation: Evaluation of Antibody Response and Safety of Equip® FT and Equip® F Administration after Reduction of the Primary Course Interval to 3 Weeks
Authors: Paillot R. , Ons E. , Besognet B. , Slootmans N. , Thomas A. , Salt J. 
Published: September 2013

AimsA 6‐week interval is currently recommended during the primary course of the equine influenza (EI) vaccines Equip® FT or Equip® F. This study aimed to evaluate immunogenicity and safety of a 3‐week accelerated interval in order to improve flexibility and to reduce the period of susceptibility to EI virus (EIV) infection.MethodsThree groups of 10 ponies were respectively vaccinated with the vaccine Equip® FT according to the recommended 6‐week V1–V2 interval (T02), Equip® F or Equip® FT according to an experimental accelerated 3‐week interval (T03 and T04, respectively). These groups were boosted (V3) with Equip® F 5 months after V2. Ten ponies in a control group were injected with saline (T01). The antibody response to the vaccine antigens (tetanus toxoid and EIV) were measured 2 weeks after V2 and V3 with the toxin binding inhibition test (ToBI) and single radial haemolysis (SRH), respectively. All animal work received ethical approval.ResultsThe accelerated schedule of immunisation was well tolerated. At both time points, in all vaccinated groups, SRH least squares means for A/eq/Borlange/91 and A/eq/Kentucky/98 antigens were well above 85 mm2, a level described previously to provide clinical protection against homologous EIV strains. Non inferiority of SRH least square means were demonstrated at 2 weeks post V2 for both antigens for T03 and T04, and for A/eq/Kentucky/98 antigen in group T04 after V3. For tetanus,ToBI least squares means were 86.3 iu/mI for T02 and 45.9 iu/ml for T04 after V2 and 2.6 iu/ml for T02 and 2.2 iu/ml for T04 after V3. A level of 0.02 iu/ml has been described as being protective in various publications.Conclusion and practical relevanceA 3‐week accelerated primary course interval was well tolerated and serology results suggested good immunogenicity.Ethical animal researchThe study was conducted under the Animal Health Trust Home Office Project License and with approval of the Zaventem Ethics Review Assessment team (Zoetis). Sources of funding: The study was sponsored by Pfizer/Zoetis Animal Health. Competing interests: Equip® FT is owned by Zoetis, who sponsored this study. Romain Paillot reports no conflict of interest. All other authors are employed by the study sponsor.
To Determine the Effect of An Oral Joint Supplement on Orthopaedic, Physiotherapy and Handler Evaluation Scores in Horses
Authors: Murray R. , Adams V. , Walker V. , Tranquille C. , Copeman S. , Spear J. , Frost R. , Marlin D. 
Published: September 2013

IntroductionDespite the range of oral joint supplements available, there has been very limited research into their efficacy.AimsTo determine effect of an oral joint supplement on orthopaedic, physiotherapy and handler evaluation in horses.MethodsTwenty‐four mature horses were included in the study. Horses were excluded if they were in poor body condition, had health problems or greater than 2/5 lameness. Supplement Sa (containing chondroitin sulfate 1.62 g/100 kg bwt, glucosamine 1.9 g/100 kg bwt, vitamin C 0.8 g/100 kg bwt, methyl sulphonyl methane 2.56 g/100 kg bwt, DHA 0.66 g/100 kg bwt), EPA 0.34 g/100 kg bwt or placebo P (carrier/flavours only) were given to horses in their feed for 21 days each in a triple‐blind crossover design; all horses received supplement and placebo in random order. Horses were evaluated at Days 0 (baseline), 21 (after first treatment) and 42 (after second treatment). Assessments included: clinical orthopaedic evaluation for straight line and lungeing circle (walk and trot), and during ridden exercise (walk, trot and canter); handler field evaluation, during groundwork and while ridden, grading‐specific criteria; grading of range of motion (ROM) and muscle tone based on standardised physiotherapy criteria. All evaluators were blinded to treatment. Significance indicates P<0.05.ResultsS was associated with significantly lower lameness grade in a straight line and circle than either P or baseline. Both S and P were associated with significantly improved ROM and muscle tone over baseline. Handler scores for ridden and groundwork were significantly higher with S compared with P or baseline. After S, horses were graded significantly higher for field ‘ease‐of‐movement’ compared with P or baseline.Conclusions and practical significanceOral administration of this supplement was associated with less lameness, improved ridden/groundwork scores and improved ‘ease‐of‐movement’ in the field. Improvement in physiotherapy assessment with both treatments over time suggests effects of ongoing training on ROM and muscle tone.Ethical animal researchThis study involved informed consent of the persons responsible for horses used in the study.Sources of funding: World Horse Welfare. Competing interests: David Marlin and Rebecca Frost are employed by Science Supplements. Vicki Adams and Rachel Murray are involved with Science Supplements on a consultancy basis.
Effect of Two Diets on Antioxidant Status in Racing Steeplechasers During Intensive Training
Authors: Van Erck E , Palmers K. , Lambey J‐L. , Benoit S. 
Published: September 2013

AimsHigh‐intensity training, racing and inappropriate antioxidant supply generates high levels of deleterious oxidative stress. This study aimed at comparing the effect of 2 commercial feeds on oxidative stress levels in steeplechasers, over a 3‐month period.MethodsA random double‐blind study was undertaken to compare the effect of 2 diets in 40 racehorses. The first group received a regular pelleted commercial diet (R) and the second group received a low‐starch high‐fibre diet (L). The horses were examined after a 6‐week habituation period (T0) and after 6 (T6) and 12 weeks of reinforced training (T12). Horses were raced regularly. At each step, horses were weighed; body and clinical scores were attributed. Several blood markers were studied including vitamin A (Vit A), vitamin E (Vit E), beta‐carotene, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and pre‐ and post effort creatine kinase (CK) activity. Data were analysed using an ANOVA for repeated measurements and a t test.ResultsIn the L‐group, GPx levels were significantly higher than in the R‐group at all times and a progressive and constant increase in GPx was observed from T0 to T12. Vit E levels and CoQ10 increased at T6 in both groups but levels were significantly higher in group‐L. Selenium values were significantly higher at T0 in the L‐group vs. R‐group and remained stable in time in both groups. All other markers were not significantly different between groups and did not change with time. The CK levels did not differ between groups, however 2 horses from group‐R displayed severe episodes of rhabdomyolysis.Conclusions and practical significanceThe choice of an appropriate diet can effectively increase antioxidant protection and prevent training‐induced oxidative stress even in intensively trained racehorses during racing season.AcknowledgementsThe authors thank Mr E. Clayeux for his collaboration.Ethical animal researchThe trainer of all horses gave informed consent for this study. Sources of funding: Lambey SA, France. Competing interests: J‐L. Lambey is owner of Lambey SA and S. Benoit is a consultant for this feed company.
Simulating long‐distance seed dispersal in a dynamic vegetation model
Authors: Snell Rebecca S. 
Published: September 2013

AbstractAimPredicting the migration of vegetation in response to climate change is often done using a climate‐driven vegetation model; however, the assumption of full migration (where seeds are not limited by distance or barriers) is a common criticism. Previous efforts to incorporate limitations on seed dispersal have occurred exclusively in bioclimatic envelope models. This paper describes how limitations on seed dispersal were integrated into a physiologically based dynamic vegetation model, LPJ‐GUESS.LocationAn idealized landscape, representative of temperate and boreal forests in North America.MethodsLPJ‐GUESS already simulates establishment, growth, reproduction and competition. I used a generic seed dispersal kernel to determine the probability of dispersal between grid cells, and a logistic function to determine the spread between patches within a grid cell. Plant functional types were parameterized to represent three temperate tree species, Acer, Pinus and Tsuga, by using published dispersal kernels and life‐history measurements. Simulations were run with full and limited migration, and compared with past vegetation migration rates.ResultsUsing the old assumption of full migration, the entire landscape was colonized at the same time (migration rates of 270–380 m year−1). With the new limited dispersal, species colonized the landscape one row at a time, at rates which corresponded well with independent migration estimates based on genetic or pollen reconstructions (Acer, 141 m year−1; Pinus, 76 m year−1). Tsuga was the only species where simulated migration rates (85 m year−1) were quite a bit slower than historical migration estimates.Main conclusionsThe new model was able to simulate reasonable migration rates, which is a substantial improvement over previous assumptions of full migration. Migration estimates which include the effects of limitations on dispersal, demography, competition and plant physiology will also improve our understanding of how climate change and various other processes can influence plant range shifts.
Helicobacter pylori in Pediatrics
Authors: Alarcón Teresa , José Martínez‐Gómez María , Urruzuno Pedro 
Published: September 2013

AbstractThis review concerned the important pediatric studies published between April 2012 and March 2013. Symptomatology in Helicobacter pylori‐positive children is nonspecific, except for those suffering from peptic ulcer diseases. Investigation of H. pylori status in children and adolescents with sideropenic anemia is recommended, and it is the aim of several studies worldwide. Associations of H. pylori with plasma ghrelin levels as well as the negative association of H. pylori with atopic disease were interesting objectives for several studies this year. Success rates of sequential therapy tended to be lower in recent studies than in previous trials, which probably reflects the increase in macrolide resistance. A beneficial effect of probiotics was reported although not all trials supported this result in children. Intrafamilial transmission and young age could be major risk factors associated with reinfection in children.
Extragastric Diseases and Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Roubaud Baudron Claire , Franceschi Francesco , Salles Nathalie , Gasbarrini Antonio 
Published: September 2013

AbstractIn the last year, several diseases from outside of the gastrointestinal tract have been associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Indeed, this bacterium produces a low‐grade inflammatory state, induces molecular mimicry mechanisms, and interferes with the absorbance of nutrients and drugs possibly influencing the occurrence or the evolution of many diseases. In addition to its role in some hematologic conditions, such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura, idiopathic sideropenic anemia, and vitamin B12 deficiency, which were included in the current guidelines, several other conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, hepatobiliary diseases, and neurologic disorders have also shown promising results.
Gastric Cancer: Epidemiologic Aspects
Authors: González Carlos A. , Sala Núria , Rokkas Theodore 
Published: September 2013

AbstractA multifactorial and multistep model of gastric cancer (GC) is currently accepted, according to which different environmental and genetic factors are involved at different stages in the cancer process. The aim of this article is to review the most relevant information published on the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors. Large meta‐analyses confirmed the association between IL8, IL10, TNF‐b, TP53 and PSCA, while genetic variation at different genes such as XPG, PLCE1, HFE, ERCC5, EZH2, DOC2, CYP19A1, ALDH2, and CDH1 have been reported to be associated with GC risk. Several microRNAs have also been associated with GC and their prognosis. Cohort studies have shown the association between GC and fruit, flavonoid, total antioxidant capacity, and green tea intake. Obesity was associated with cardia GC, heme iron intake from meat with GC risk. Several large meta‐analyses have confirmed the positive association of GC with salt intake and pickled foods and the negative association with aspirin use.
Histopathological characteristics of hypervascular cholangiocellular carcinoma as an early stage of cholangiocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sato Yuya , Ojima Hidenori , Onaya Hiroaki , Mori Taisuke , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Kishi Yoji , Nara Satoshi , Esaki Minoru , Shimada Kazuaki , Kosuge Tomoo , Sugihara Kenich , Kanai Yae 
Published: September 2013

AimPrognosis of hypervascular cholangiocellular carcinoma (h‐CCC) is reportedly better than that of ordinary hypovascular CCC (o‐CCC). The aim of this study is to clarify the histopathological characteristics of h‐CCC.MethodsOn the basis of the findings in the arterial phase of contrast‐enhanced computed tomography, 16 cases of mass‐forming‐type CCC were divided into two groups (h‐CCC, n = 8; o‐CCC, n = 8). Areas of high (Area H‐a) and low (Area H‐b) attenuation in h‐CCC cases and areas of low attenuation in o‐CCC cases (Area O) were delineated. These areas were then evaluated histopathologically to determine the proportion of tumor cells, fibrous stroma, arterial vessel density, and immunohistochemical expression of Vascular endothelial growth factor; angiopoietin‐2; cytokeratin 7, CK19, SOX9 and SOX17 genes; epithelial cell adhesion molecule; and the Bmi‐1, Ki‐67, epithelial membrane antigen and polyclonal carcinoembryonic antigen.ResultsThe areal ratio of tumor cells decreased and that of fibrous stroma increased in the following order: Area H‐a, Area H‐b and Area O. Values for AVD and neural cell adhesion molecule positivity rate were significantly higher in Area H‐a than in Areas H‐b or O. Expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin‐2 were significantly higher in Areas H‐a and H‐b than in Area O. The Ki‐67 labeling index increased in the following order: Area H‐a, Area H‐b and Area O.ConclusionA high areal ratio of tumor cells and AVD as well as a high expression of stem cells and angiogenic markers were observed in cases of h‐CCC, whereas the areal ratio of fibrous stroma and malignant potential were low. These results suggest that h‐CCC may represent the early stage of CCC.