bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endogenous Property Rights in a Hold‐up Experiment
Authors: Erlei Mathias , Siemer J. Philipp 
Published: October 2013

AbstractIn a hold‐up experiment designed to test theoretical predictions following from Hart and deMeza and Lockwood regarding investment behavior, Sonnemans, Oosterbeek and Sloof (SOS) find only a partial confirmation of theory. According to SOS these deviations from standard theory can be explained by positive reciprocal behavior. In this paper, we replicate the experiment by SOS and add another group of treatments in which asset ownership is endogenized by auctioning off the assets. Our experiment shows that the results by SOS crucially depend on the ownership structure being exogenously assigned by the experimenter. We present experimental evidence that, by and large, corroborates the theoretical predictions made by Hart.
Effect of prucalopride on symptoms of chronic constipation
Authors: Tack J. , Stanghellini V. , Dubois D. , Joseph A. , Vandeplassche L. , Kerstens R. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractBackgroundPrucalopride is a 5‐HT4 receptor agonist with gastrointestinal prokinetic activities. This integrated analysis of data from three 12‐week, double‐blind trials evaluated the effect of prucalopride 2 mg q.d. on common constipation symptoms in women in whom laxatives had failed to provide adequate relief. The effect of prucalopride on bowel function was outside the scope of the analysis and has been described elsewhere.MethodsWomen with self‐reported inadequate relief from laxatives and included in the prucalopride 2 mg or placebo arm of the trials were selected for analysis. Symptom severity was determined with the Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC–SYM) questionnaire. Observed changes from baseline in individual item scores were also evaluated by calculating Cohen's D effect sizes using baseline standard deviation (SD) (>0.2–0.5, >0.5–0.8 and >0.8 for small, moderate and large effects, respectively).Key ResultsData were analyzed for 936 women. The proportion of women with a PAC‐SYM severity score >2 at baseline was 50.0% for abdominal symptoms, 71.4% for stool symptoms, and 15.5% for rectal symptoms. Excluding the women without presence of a symptom at baseline from the effect size calculations showed that prucalopride 2 mg had a large effect (>0.8) on all PAC‐SYM items, including abdominal pain, abdominal discomfort, bloating, straining, and painful bowel movements. For abdominal symptoms and stool symptoms, effect sizes with prucalopride 2 mg were 1.3–2.3 times larger than those with placebo.Conclusions & InferencesPrucalopride 2 mg q.d. for 12 weeks alleviates common constipation symptoms in women in whom laxatives had failed to provide adequate relief.
Ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath block for pyloromyotomy in infants: a retrospective analysis of a case series
Authors: Breschan Christian , Jost Robert , Stettner Haro , Feigl Georg , Semmelrock Sandra , Graf Gudrun , Likar Rudolf 
Published: October 2013

SummaryObjectivesTo analyze the applicability of US‐guided rectus sheath block and to find out the efficacy of analgesia provided using this method without the need for opioids in conventional Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) surgery in infants.BackgroundThis study describes the provision of intra‐ as well as postoperative analgesia by the use of an ultrasound‐guided rectus sheath block in infants undergoing conventional HPS surgery under general anesthesia.Methods/MaterialsThe anesthetic protocols of 26 infants undergoing HPS surgery were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsThe weight of the infants ranged from 2.6 to 4.6 kg. The rectus sheath block was regarded as successful in all patients as there was no heart rate increase upon surgical skin incision in any of the patients. Two out of 26 (7.6%) babies needed additional intraoperative rescue analgesia and were administered fentanyl at 20 and 40 min after skin incision. Two more (a total of 4; 15.3%) babies required postoperative analgesia and were administered tramadol droplets and liquid ibuprofen at 15, 120 and 150 min postoperatively. Duration of surgery was significantly longer in those two patients who required intraoperative rescue analgesia (Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test: P < 0.05). These were also the only two patients who received one intra‐ and one postoperative dose of opioid each (7.6%).ConclusionUS‐guided rectus sheath block seems to be a simple and quick method for the provision of intra‐ and postoperative analgesia in infants undergoing conventional HPS surgery.
Interaction of common bacterial blight quantitative trait loci in a resistant inter‐cross population of common bean
Authors: Durham Kelli M. , Xie Weilong , Yu Kangfu , Pauls K. Peter , Lee Elizabeth , Navabi Alireza 
Published: October 2013

AbstractCommon bacterial blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, is an important disease of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Genetic resistance is the most economically efficient, environmentally friendly and socially acceptable approach to control plant diseases including CBB. To examine the main and interaction effects of the previously identified CBB resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with markers BC420 (B) on Pv06, SAP6 (S) on Pv10 and PVctt001 (P) on Pv04, in presence of the major QTL associated with the marker SU91 (Su) on Pv08, a resistant F4:5 recombinant inbred line population of the reciprocal crosses between OAC Rex (bb/ss/PP/SuSu) and HR45 (BB/SS/pp/SuSu) was evaluated under artificial field inoculation in disease nurseries in 2009 and 2010. While, in presence of the CBB QTL on Pv08, the QTL on Pv06 of HR45 accounted for 37–46% of phenotypic variation in the field, the effect of QTL on Pv04 and Pv10 were not significant under field conditions, even in the absence of the Pv06 QTL. Broad‐sense heritability estimates of CBB resistance and the QTL associated with BC420 were high for CBB severity and the area under the disease progress curve, promoting the continued efforts in pyramiding the QTL on Pv06 and Pv08 in common background, which provide high levels of resistance.
Abscisic acid alleviates iron deficiency by promoting root iron reutilization and transport from root to shoot in Arabidopsis
Authors: LEI GUI JIE , ZHU XIAO FANG , WANG ZHI WEI , DONG FANG , DONG NING YU , ZHENG SHAO JIAN 
Published: October 2013

AbstractAbscisic acid (ABA) has been demonstrated to be involved in iron (Fe) homeostasis, but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we found that Fe deficiency induced ABA accumulation rapidly (within 6 h) in the roots of Arabidopsis. Exogenous ABA at 0.5 μM decreased the amount of root apoplastic Fe bound to pectin and hemicellulose, and increased the shoot Fe content significantly, thus alleviating Fe deficiency‐induced chlorosis. Exogenous ABA promoted the secretion of phenolics to release apoplastic Fe and up‐regulated the expression of AtNRAMP3 to enhance reutilization of Fe stored in the vacuoles, leading to a higher level of soluble Fe and lower ferric–chelate reductase (FCR) activity in roots. Treatment with ABA also led to increased Fe concentrations in the xylem sap, partially because of the up‐regulation of AtFRD3, AtYSL2 and AtNAS1, genes related to long‐distance transport of Fe. Exogenous ABA could not alleviate the chlorosis of abi5 mutant resulting from the significantly low expression of AtYSL2 and low transport of Fe from root to shoot. Taken together, our data support the conclusion that ABA is involved in the reutilization and transport of Fe from root to shoot under Fe deficiency conditions in Arabidopsis.
Why is melanoma so metastatic?
Authors: Braeuer Russell R. , Watson Ian R. , Wu Chang‐Jiun , Mobley Aaron K. , Kamiya Takafumi , Shoshan Einav , Bar‐Eli Menashe 
Published: October 2013

SummaryMalignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive cancers and can disseminate from a relatively small primary tumor and metastasize to multiple sites, including the lung, liver, brain, bone, and lymph nodes. Elucidating the molecular and genetic changes that take place during the metastatic process has led to a better understanding of why melanoma is so metastatic. Herein, we describe the unique features that distinguish melanoma from other solid tumors and contribute to the malignant phenotype of melanoma cells. For example, although melanoma cells are highly antigenic, they are extremely efficient at evading host immune response. Melanoma cells share numerous cell surface molecules with vascular cells, are highly angiogenic, are mesenchymal in nature, and possess a higher degree of ‘stemness’ than do other solid tumors. Finally, analysis of melanoma mutations has revealed that the gene expression profile of malignant melanoma is different from that of other cancers. Elucidating these molecular and genetic processes in highly metastatic melanoma can lead to the development of improved treatment and individualized therapy options.
Primary immunodeficiency in Japan; epidemiology, diagnosis, and pathogenesis
Authors: Takada Hidetoshi 
Published: October 2013

AbstractPrimary immunodeficiency (PID) constitutes a large group of diseases, including almost 180 hereditary disorders. The patients show susceptibility to various infections due to congenital defects of the immune system. It is also known that PID patients suffer from non‐infectious complications, including autoimmune diseases and malignant disorders. During the last 20 years the number of known PID has increased considerably. New PID conferring a specific predisposition to infections with one or a few pathogens have been described. Disorders of innate immunity and various autoinflammatory disorders were included in new categories. In contrast, the incidence, clinical manifestations, and genetic factors of PID seem to be different among countries or races. The clinical manifestations can differ depending on the hygiene conditions, health‐care environment, and vaccination policy, and so on. A nationwide survey on PID patients in Japan provided a lot of information regarding these issues, and it uncovered a previously unknown complication of PID, endocrine disorders. In this review, the data concerning epidemiology and clinical characteristics of PID in Japan obtained in the nationwide questionnaire survey, and the results of studies on the clinical and genetic characteristics of Japanese patients with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease and interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase 4 deficiency are presented in the light of their pathogenesis and pathophysiology.
Virgin and recently mated males are equally able to achieve new matings in Neoleucinodes elegantalis
Authors: PONTES WENDEL J. TELES , CUNHA ERIVELTON G. , ARAÚJO HERNANE D. , BARROS REGINALDO , LIMA ERALDO 
Published: October 2013

AbstractLepidopteran male mating success is recognized to be directly related to physical and behavioural traits such as ability, vigour, activity and persistence in courtship. In the tomato fruit borer Neoleucinodes elegantalis Guenée, the mating system is known to be monogamic and therefore males' sexual investment is apparently low. The hypothesis that recently mated males have a remating probability equal to that of virgin males is tested. The impact of body size in remating success and the cost of remating are also analyzed. Mated males show as much propensity to remate as naïve ones. Copula duration and the time taken to copulate are similar in mated and virgin males. However, spermatophore size is not related to male size. The results suggest the ability of N. elegantalis males to remate within 24 h between mating events and their propensity to remate are not affected by copula investment. © 2013 The Royal Entomological Society
Accumulation and post‐translational modifications of plant tubulins
Authors: Parrotta L. , Cresti M. , Cai G. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe microtubular cytoskeleton of plant cells provides support for several functions (including the anchoring of proteins, assembly of the mitotic spindle, cytoplasmic streaming and construction of cell walls). Both α‐ and β‐tubulins are encoded through multigene families that are differentially expressed in different organs and tissues. To increase the variability of expression, both protein subunits are subjected to post‐translational modifications, which could contribute to the assembly of specific microtubule structures. This review aims to highlight the role of specific post‐translational modifications of tubulin in plant cells. We initially describe the expression and accumulation of α‐ and β‐tubulin isoforms in different plants and at different stages of plant development. Second, we discuss the different types of post‐translational modifications that, by adding or removing specific functional groups, increase the isoform heterogeneity and functional variability of tubulin. Modifications are proposed to form a ‘code’ that can be read by proteins interacting with microtubules. Therefore, the subpopulations of microtubules may bind to different associated proteins (motor and non‐motor), thus creating the physical support for various microtubule functions.
Timing of Dialysis Initiation in the Geriatric Population: Toward a Patient‐centered Approach
Authors: Treit Kathryn , Lam Daniel , O'Hare Ann M. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractOver the last 10–15 years, the incidence of treated end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) among older adults has increased and dialysis is being initiated at progressively higher levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Average life expectancy after dialysis initiation among older adults is quite limited, and many experience an escalation of care and loss of independence after starting dialysis. Available data suggest that treatment decisions about dialysis initiation in older adults in the United States are guided more by system‐ than by patient‐level factors. Stronger efforts are thus needed to ensure that treatment decisions for older adults with advanced kidney disease are optimally aligned with their goals and preferences. There is growing interest in more conservative approaches to the management of advanced kidney disease in older patients who prefer not to initiate dialysis and those for whom the harms of dialysis are expected to outweigh the benefits. A number of small single center studies, mostly from the United Kingdom report similar survival among the subset of older adults with a high burden of comorbidity treated with dialysis vs. those managed conservatively. However, the incidence of treated ESRD in older US adults is several‐fold higher than in the United Kingdom, despite a similar prevalence of chronic kidney disease, suggesting large differences in the social, cultural, and economic context in which dialysis treatment decisions unfold. Thus, efforts may be needed to adapt conservative care models developed outside the United States to optimally meet the needs of US patients. More flexible approaches toward dialysis prescription and better integration of treatment decisions about conservative care with those related to modality selection will likely be helpful in meeting the needs of individual patients. Regardless of the chosen treatment strategy, time can often be a critical ally in centering care on what matters most to the patient, and a flexible and iterative approach of re‐evaluation and redirection may often be needed to ensure that treatment strategies are fully aligned with patient priorities.
Building Research Data Management Infrastructure using Open Source Software
Authors: Willmes Christian , Kürner Daniel , Bareth Georg 
Published: October 2013

AbstractThe implementation of a research data management infrastructure for a large interdisciplinary research project is presented here, based on well‐established Free and Open Source Software for Geospatial (FOSS4G) products such as MapServer, MapProxy, GeoExt and pyCSW, as well as the (not primarily geospatial) open source technologies Typo3 and CKAN. The presented implementation depends primarily on the demands for research data management infrastructure by the funding research agency. It also aligns to theory and practice in Research Data Management (RDM) and e‐Science. After the research project and related work in the field of RDM are introduced, a detailed description of the architecture and its implementation is given. The article discusses why Open Source and open standards are chosen to implement the infrastructure and provides some suggestions and examples on how to make it easier and more attractive for researchers to upload and publish their primary research data.
ABCG9, ABCG11 and ABCG14 ABC transporters are required for vascular development in Arabidopsis
Authors: Le Hir Rozenn , Sorin Clément , Chakraborti Dipankar , Moritz Thomas , Schaller Hubert , Tellier Frédérique , Robert Stéphanie , Morin Halima , Bako Laszlo , Bellini Catherine 
Published: October 2013

SummaryIn order to obtain insights into the regulatory pathways controlling phloem development, we characterized three genes encoding membrane proteins from the G sub‐family of ABC transporters (ABCG9, ABCG11 and ABCG14), whose expression in the phloem has been confirmed. Mutations in the genes encoding these dimerizing ‘half transporters’ are semi‐dominant and result in vascular patterning defects in cotyledons and the floral stem. Co‐immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments demonstrated that these proteins dimerize, either by flexible pairing (ABCG11 and ABCG9) or by forming strict heterodimers (ABCG14). In addition, metabolome analyses and measurement of sterol ester contents in the mutants suggested that ABCG9, ABCG11 and ABCG14 are involved in lipid/sterol homeostasis regulation. Our results show that these three ABCG genes are required for proper vascular development in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Transcriptomes of isolated Oryza sativa gametes characterized by deep sequencing: evidence for distinct sex‐dependent chromatin and epigenetic states before fertilization
Authors: Anderson Sarah N. , Johnson Cameron S. , Jones Daniel S. , Conrad Liza J. , Gou Xiaoping , Russell Scott D. , Sundaresan Venkatesan 
Published: October 2013

SummaryThe formation of a zygote by the fusion of egg and sperm involves the two gametic transcriptomes. In flowering plants, the embryo sac embedded within the ovule contains the egg cell, whereas the pollen grain contains two sperm cells inside a supporting vegetative cell. The difficulties of collecting isolated gametes and consequent low recovery of RNA have restricted in‐depth analysis of gametic transcriptomes in flowering plants. We isolated living egg cells, sperm cells and pollen vegetative cells from Oryza sativa (rice), and identified transcripts for approximately 36 000 genes by deep sequencing. The three transcriptomes are highly divergent, with about three‐quarters of those genes differentially expressed in the different cell types. Distinctive expression profiles were observed for genes involved in chromatin conformation, including an unexpected expression in the sperm cell of genes associated with active chromatin. Furthermore, both the sperm cell and the pollen vegetative cell were deficient in expression of key RNAi components. Differences in gene expression were also observed for genes for hormonal signaling and cell cycle regulation. The egg cell and sperm cell transcriptomes reveal major differences in gene expression to be resolved in the zygote, including pathways affecting chromatin configuration, hormones and cell cycle. The sex‐specific differences in the expression of RNAi components suggest that epigenetic silencing in the zygote might act predominantly through female‐dependent pathways. More generally, this study provides a detailed gene expression landscape for flowering plant gametes, enabling the identification of specific gametic functions, and their contributions to zygote and seed development.
Acquired Gerbode defect and third‐degree atrioventricular block secondary to vehicular trauma in a dog
Authors: Cunningham Suzanne M. , Lindsey Kathleen J. , Rush John E. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a case of traumatically acquired left ventricular to right atrial communication (Gerbode defect), atrial septal defect (ASD), and third‐degree atrioventricular block (AVB) necessitating permanent pacemaker placement in a dog.Case SummaryA 1.5‐year‐old neutered male Newfoundland dog was struck by a car and was referred for further evaluation and treatment of hemoabdomen. Persistent third‐degree AVB, a right‐sided cardiac murmur and right‐sided congestive heart failure (CHF) were identified, and echocardiographic examination revealed a type‐A Gerbode defect and ASD. Pimobendan, furosemide, and enalapril therapies were initiated for treatment of CHF. Persistent AVB eventually necessitated permanent pacemaker implantation. Initial attempts at minimally invasive occlusion of the Gerbode defect were unsuccessful; however the dog continues to do well clinically on chronic cardiac medications.New or Unique Information ProvidedTo our knowledge, an acquired Gerbode defect secondary to trauma with associated ASD, CHF, and third‐degree AVB necessitating permanent pacemaker therapy have not yet been reported in the veterinary literature. The extended survival and follow‐up available on this patient postpacemaker implantation also documents that longer term survival is possible with this defect.
In vitrocytotoxicity and antiviral efficacy against feline herpesvirus type 1 of famciclovir and its metabolites
Authors: Groth Allyson D. , Contreras Marcos T. , Kado‐Fong Helen K. , Nguyen Kyvan Q. , Thomasy Sara M. , Maggs David J. 
Published: October 2013

AbstractObjectivesTo assessin vitrothe antiviral efficacy against feline herpesvirus (FHV‐1) and cytotoxicity for cultured feline cells of famciclovir and its metabolites,BRL42359 and penciclovir. To investigate the effect of timing of penciclovir application onin vitroantiviral activity.ProceduresPlaque reduction assays were used to estimate antiviral efficacy of all compounds and the effect of penciclovir exposure before or after exposure to aFHV‐1 field isolate. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by assessing cell morphology and viable cell number for 72 h following exposure to each compound.ResultsThe penciclovir concentration that inhibitedFHV‐1‐induced plaque formation by 50% (IC50) was 0.86 μg/mL (3.4 μm). Famciclovir andBRL42359 had no antiviral effect againstFHV‐1 at any concentration assessed. Antiviral activity was significantly enhanced when cells were exposed to 4 μmpenciclovir (approximate IC50) for 1 h but not for 24 h before viral adsorption. Delaying exposure of cells to penciclovir for 1, 2, or 4 h after viral adsorption significantly enhanced antiviral activity. Relative to untreated control wells, >88% of cells remained viable when exposed to famciclovir (100 μm),BRL42359 (1.06 mm), or penciclovir (40 μm) for 72 h. No morphologic evidence of cytotoxicity was noted.ConclusionsPenciclovir demonstrates potent antiviral activity againstFHV‐1 and may be effective at lower tissue, tear, and plasma concentrations than previously targeted. The duration ofin vitroantiviral effect of penciclovir suggests that frequent famciclovir administration may be necessaryin vivo. Famciclovir andBRL42359 showed no signs ofin vitrocytotoxicity.