bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Antiallergic Flavones from Arthraxon hispidus.
Authors: Quan Gui‐Hua , Chae Hee‐Sung , Song Hyuk Hwan , Ahn Kyoung‐Seop , Lee Hyeong‐Kyu , Kim Young‐Ho , Oh Sei‐Ryang , Chin Young‐Won 
Published: March 2014

AbstractSix new flavones (I)—(III) are isolated together with nine known compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Catalysts for Bio‐Oil Upgrading via “ex situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis”: Catalyst Development Through the Study of Model Compounds
Authors: Ruddy Daniel A. , Schaidle Joshua A. , Ferrell Jack R. III , Wang Jun , Moens Luc , Hensley Jesse E. 
Published: March 2014

AbstractReview: 282 refs.
Chromosomal instability portends superior response of rectal adenocarcinoma to chemoradiation therapy
Authors: Zaki Bassem I. , Suriawinata Arief A. , Eastman Alan R. , Garner Kristen M. , Bakhoum Samuel F. 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDPersistent chromosome segregation errors represent a conspicuous feature of human neoplasms. It is widely accepted that this chromosomal instability is associated with poor prognosis; however, its effect on therapeutic response is a matter of conjecture.METHODSHere, the role of chromosome segregation errors in the response of patients with rectal adenocarcinoma to chemoradiation therapy (CRT) was examined. Pretreatment samples from 62 patients were surveyed for evidence of chromosome mis‐segregation and mis‐segregation frequency was correlated to the pathological response to CRT as determined by the tumor regression grade after surgical resection of irradiated tumors.RESULTSSurprisingly, it was found that errors in chromosome segregation predicted enhanced pathological response of rectal adenocarcinoma to CRT (odds ratio, 3.9; P = .02). Furthermore, tumor response inversely correlated with the frequency of cells that exhibited segregation errors during anaphase (correlation coefficient, 0.94; P < .05). Strikingly, elevated chromosome mis‐segregation combined with decreased levels of the DNA damage repair protein Mre11 portended a markedly enhanced response (odds ratio, 54.0; P = .008).CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study demonstrate that chromosomal instability is a favorable predictor of response to CRT in patients with locally invasive rectal adenocarcinoma. Therefore, the authors propose that downstream structural damage to chromosomes resulting from segregation errors potentiates the effect of DNA‐damaging therapies and synergizes with deficiencies in the DNA repair machinery. This work identifies a novel mechanistic marker that foretells treatment response to CRT and suggests that concomitant targeting of whole‐chromosome segregation and DNA repair may constitute an effective therapeutic strategy. Cancer 2014;120:1733–1742. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Parameterizable benchmarking framework for designing a MapReduce performance model
Authors: Zhang Zhuoyao , Cherkasova Ludmila , Loo Boon Thau 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYIn MapReduce environments, many applications have to achieve different performance goals for producing time relevant results. One of typical user questions is how to estimate the completion time of a MapReduce program as a function of varying input dataset sizes and given cluster resources. In this work, we offer a novel performance evaluation framework for answering this question. We analyze the MapReduce processing pipeline and utilize the fact that the execution of map (reduce) tasks consists of specific, well‐defined data processing phases. Only map and reduce functions are custom, and their executions are user‐defined for different MapReduce jobs. The executions of the remaining phases are generic (i.e., defined by the MapReduce framework code) and depend on the amount of data processed by the phase and the performance of the underlying Hadoop cluster. First, we design a set of parameterizable microbenchmarks to profile the execution of generic phases and to derive a platform performance model of a given Hadoop cluster. Then, using the job past executions, we summarize job's properties and performance of its custom map/reduce functions in a compact job profile. Finally, by combining the knowledge of the job profile and the derived platform performance model, we introduce a MapReduce performance model that estimates the program completion time for processing a new dataset. The proposed benchmarking approach derives an accurate performance model of Hadoop's generic execution phases (once), and then, this model is reused for predicting the performance of different applications. The evaluation study justifies our approach and the proposed framework: We use a diverse suite of 12 MapReduce applications to validate the proposed model. The predicted completion times for most experiments are within 10% of the measured ones (with a worst case resulting in 17% of error) on our 66‐node Hadoop cluster. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
An investigation of the effects of hard and soft errors on graphics processing unit‐accelerated molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Betz Robin M. , DeBardeleben Nathan A. , Walker Ross C. 
Published: March 2014

SUMMARYMolecular dynamics (MD) simulations rely on the accurate evaluation and integration of Newton's equations of motion to propagate the positions of atoms in proteins during a simulation. As such, one can expect them to be sensitive to any form of numerical error that may occur during a simulation. Increasingly graphics processing units (GPUs) are being used to accelerate MD simulations. Current GPU architectures designed for high performance computing applications support error‐correcting codes (ECC) that detect and correct single bit‐flip soft error events in GPU memory; however, this error checking carries a penalty in terms of simulation speed. ECC is also a major distinguishing feature between high performance computing NVIDIA Tesla cards and the considerably more cost‐effective NVIDIA GeForce gaming cards. An argument often put forward for not using GeForce cards is that the results are unreliable because of the lack of ECC. In an initial attempt to quantify these concerns, an investigation of the reproducibility of GPU‐accelerated MD simulations using the AMBER software was conducted on the XSEDE supercomputer Keeneland, a cluster at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and a cluster at the San Diego Supercomputer Center. While the data collected are insufficient to make solid conclusions and more extensive testing is needed to provide quantitative statistics, the absence of ECC events and lack of any silent errors in all the simulations conducted to date suggest that these errors are exceedingly rare and as such the time and memory penalty of ECC may outweigh the utility of error checking functionality. However, a considerable amount of error originating from defective hardware was observed, which suggests that rigorous acceptance testing should be performed on new GPU‐based systems by repeatedly running reproducible yet realistic calculations.
Control of Charge Dynamics through a Charge‐Separation Interface for All‐Solid Perovskite‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ogomi Yuhei , Kukihara Kenji , Qing Shen , Toyoda Taro , Yoshino Kenji , Pandey Shyam , Momose Hisayo , Hayase Shuzi 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe relationship between the structure of the charge‐separation interface and the photovoltaic performance of all‐solid dye‐sensitized solar cells is reported. This cell is composed of porous a TiO2/perovskite (CH3NH3PbIxCl3−x)/p‐type organic conductor. The porous titania layer was passivated with Al2O3 or Y2O3 to remove surface traps of the porous titania layer. Both passivations were effective in increasing the efficiency of the solar cell. Especially, the effect of Y2O3 passivation was remarkable. After passivation, the efficiency increased from 6.59 to 7.5 %. The increase in the efficiency was discussed in terms of the electron lifetime in TiO2, the thermally stimulated current, the measurement of the microwave refractive carrier lifetime, and transition absorption spectroscopy. It was proven that surface passivation resulted in retardation of charge recombination between the electrons in the porous titania layers and the holes in the p‐type organic conductors.
New Dimethyl(norbornadienyl)platinum(II) Precursors for Platinum MOCVD
Authors: Maudez William , Roy Christelle , Tran Phong Dinh , Thurier Cyril , Karmous Farah , Doppelt Pascal 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe synthesis, characterization, and application as CVD precursors of several new dimethyl(norbornadienyl)platinum(II) compounds are reported. Initially, synthesis is performed in a two‐step procedure from K2PtCl4 with (Rnbd)PtI2 as an intermediate, but a convenient “one‐pot” procedure is developed that allows the formation of platinum(II) precursors with good yield and purity. Novel platinum compounds are; (nbd)PtMe2 (1), (7‐Me‐nbd)PtMe2 (2), (7‐Et‐nbd)PtMe2 (3), (7‐iPr‐nbd)PtMe2 (4), and (2‐Et‐nbd)PtMe2 (5). Compounds 1 − 4 are solids while 5 is liquid at room temperature. Fine‐tuning of the organic environment provides some control of the thermal stability and volatility. Liquid‐delivery CVD is reported using 1 and 5 Pt precursor solutions. Excellent results are obtained in the presence of oxygen as a co‐reactant. The as‐deposited Pt films are analyzed in terms of morphology, crystalline structure, and composition.
Determination of canopy‐shadow‐affected area in sparse steppes and its effects on evaporation and evapotranspiration
Authors: Feng Youcan , Qiu Guo Yu , Zhang Qingtao 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTSoil evaporation (E) and plant transpiration (T) dominate the water budget of semi‐arid sparse steppe, and they are crucial for vegetation restoration, as shadows cast by sparse vegetation may shade the sunlight and thereby reduce near‐ground radiation – which could affect biotic process of plants and land‐atmosphere flux transport dominated by E and evapotranspiration (ET). Currently, there are few studies on the effects of shadow on E and ET in semi‐arid sparse steppe because of the lack of appropriate research tools. However, high‐resolution thermal cameras provide an opportunity to meet this challenge. This study aims to detect the shadow‐affected soil area in sparse steppe and determine its effects on E and ET by using the thermal imaging with classification algorithm and the extended three‐temperature model (3T model) with the introduction of a new calibration coefficient, which considers the influence of shadows on E and ET. A series of field experiments were carried out in a semi‐arid restored grassland in Taipus Banner, Inner Mongolia, China, in summer 2008. The Bowen ratio method was used to validate the ET estimates. Results showed that the importance of shading effects on E and ET tends to increase along with the plant coverage as the restoration prolongs. And shadow‐affected soil zone around the plant could be larger than plant area. And ET and E may be 4–28% and 10–66% overestimated if the effect of shadow is not considered. Implication of this study on other ET estimation methods in remote sensing is further discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exotic 3D Hierarchical ZnO–Ag Hybrids as Recyclable Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates for Multifold Organic Pollutant Detection
Authors: He Xuan , Wang Hui , Zhang Qi , Li Zhongbo , Wang Xiaochuan 
Published: March 2014

AbstractRecyclable and sensitive surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors for the detection of a variety of organic pollutants were fabricated from 3D hierarchical ZnO–Ag hybrids, which were synthesized by an efficient and green approach. The ZnO nanostructure could be controlled by applying a facile organic‐chemical‐assisted hydrothermal method. The obtained structures were then decorated with different‐sized Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on their side surfaces and top ends to construct 3D hierarchical ZnO–Ag nanocomposites for use as multifunctional SERS substrates. The obtained SERS sensor manifested a high sensitivity to rhodamine 6G (R6G) at a low concentration of 1 × 10–13 M and a detection limit as low as 5 × 10–9 M for the organic herbicide 4‐chlorophenol (4‐CP). Moreover, because of the good, stable photocatalytic properties of this exotic 3D hierarchical structure, the ZnO–Ag hybrids could self‐clean under UV irradiation; this allowed repeatable SERS detection of many organic pollutants over more than three cycles with tolerable intensity attenuation. Finally, the unique repeatable detection of the organic dye R6G and the persistent organic pollutant (POP) 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) demonstrates a new route to eliminate the single‐use problem of traditional SERS substrates and suggests promising applications of such materials as real‐time online sensors for organic pollutant detection.
Highly Diastereoselective Reaction of α‐Diazoesters with Aryl Alcohols and Isatin Imines: Rapid Access to Oxindole‐Derived α‐Alkoxy‐β‐amino Acid Derivatives with Two Adjacent Quaternary Carbon Centers
Authors: Rajasekaran Tamilselvan , Karthik Govindaraju , Sridhar B. , Kumar S. Kiran , Reddy Basi V. Subba 
Published: March 2014

AbstractA stereoselective synthesis of oxindole‐derived α‐alkoxy‐β‐amino acid derivatives was achieved in high yield with excellent diastereoselectivity through the three‐component reaction of methyl 2‐diazoarylacetate, aryl alcohols, and isatin‐derived ketimines by using Rh2(OAc)4 (1 mol‐%) as the catalyst. The products are very useful for the synthesis of analogues of the gastrin receptor antagonist AG‐041R, spirooxindolyl β‐lactams, the oxindole‐derived side chain of Taxol, and natural product cytoxazone and aminopyrrolo[2,3‐b]indoline derivatives.
Time‐dependent enhancement of hippocampus‐dependent memory after treatment with memantine: Implications for enhanced hippocampal adult neurogenesis
Authors: Ishikawa Rie , Kim Ryang , Namba Takashi , Kohsaka Shinichi , Uchino Shigeo , Kida Satoshi 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTAdult hippocampal neurogenesis has been suggested to play modulatory roles in learning and memory. Importantly, previous studies have shown that newborn neurons in the adult hippocampus are integrated into the dentate gyrus circuit and are recruited more efficiently into the hippocampal memory trace of mice when they become 3 weeks old. Interestingly, a single high‐dose treatment with the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor antagonist memantine (MEM) has been shown to increase hippocampal neurogenesis dramatically by promoting cell proliferation. In the present study, to understand the impact of increased adult neurogenesis on memory performance, we examined the effects of a single treatment of MEM on hippocampus‐dependent memory in mice. Interestingly, mice treated with MEM showed an improvement of hippocampus‐dependent spatial and social recognition memories when they were trained and tested at 3–6 weeks, but not at 3 days or 4 months, after treatment with MEM. Importantly, we observed a significant positive correlation between the scores for spatial memory (probe trial in the Morris water maze task) and the number of young mature neurons (3 weeks old) in MEM‐treated mice, but not saline‐treated mice. We also observed that the young mature neurons generated by treatment with MEM were recruited into the trace of spatial memory similarly to those generated through endogenous neurogenesis. Taken together, our observations suggest that treatment with MEM temporally improves hippocampus‐dependent memory formation and that the newborn neurons increased by treatment with MEM contribute to this improvement when they become 3 weeks old. © 2014 The Authors. Hippocampus Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of future groundwater recharge in semi‐arid regions under climate change scenarios (Serral‐Salinas aquifer, SE Spain). Could increased rainfall variability increase the recharge rate?
Authors: Pulido‐Velazquez David , García‐Aróstegui José Luis , Molina Jose‐Luis , Pulido‐Velazquez Manuel 
Published: March 2014

AbstractThe projected impact of climate change on groundwater recharge is a challenge in hydrogeological research because substantial doubts still remain, particularly in arid and semi‐arid zones. We present a methodology to generate future groundwater recharge scenarios using available information about regional climate change projections developed in European Projects. It involves an analysis of regional climate model (RCM) simulations and a proposal for ensemble models to assess the impacts of climate change. Future rainfall and temperature series are generated by modifying the mean and standard deviation of the historical series in accordance with estimates of their change provoked by climate change. Future recharge series will be obtained by simulating these new series within a continuous balance model of the aquifer. The proposed method is applied to the Serral‐Salinas aquifer, located in a semi‐arid zone of south‐east Spain. The results show important differences depending on the RCM used. Differences are also observed between the series generated by imposing only the changes in means or also in standard deviations. An increase in rainfall variability, as expected under future scenarios, could increase recharge rates for a given mean rainfall because the number of extreme events increases. For some RCMs, the simulations predict total recharge increases over the historical values, even though climate change would produce a reduction in the mean rainfall and an increased mean temperature. A method based on a multi‐objective analysis is proposed to provide ensemble predictions that give more value to the information obtained from the best calibrated models. The ensemble of predictions estimates a reduction in mean annual recharge of 14% for scenario A2 and 58% for scenario A1B. Lower values of future recharge are obtained if only the change in the mean is imposed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of micron and nano‐sized particles with cells of the dura mater
Authors: Papageorgiou Iraklis , Marsh Rainy , Tipper Joanne L. , Hall Richard M. , Fisher John , Ingham Eileen 
Published: March 2014

AbstractIntervertebral total disc replacements (TDR) are used in the treatment of degenerative spinal disc disease. There are, however, concerns that they may be subject to long‐term failure due to wear. The adverse effects of TDR wear have the potential to manifest in the dura mater and surrounding tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological structure of the dura mater, isolate the resident dural epithelial and stromal cells and analyse the capacity of these cells to internalise model polymer particles. The porcine dura mater was a collagen‐rich structure encompassing regularly arranged fibroblastic cells within an outermost epithelial cell layer. The isolated dural epithelial cells had endothelial cell characteristics (positive for von Willebrand factor, CD31, E‐cadherin and desmoplakin) and barrier functionality whereas the fibroblastic cells were positive for collagen I and III, tenascin and actin. The capacity of the dural cells to take up model particles was dependent on particle size. Nanometer sized particles readily penetrated both types of cells. However, dural fibroblasts engulfed micron‐sized particles at a much higher rate than dural epithelial cells. The study suggested that dural epithelial cells may offer some barrier to the penetration of micron‐sized particles but not nanometer sized particles. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 1496–1505, 2014.
Dose‐response relationship between depressive symptoms and hospital readmission
Authors: Cancino Ramon S. , Culpepper Larry , Sadikova Ekaterina , Martin Jessica , Jack Brian W. , Mitchell Suzanne E. 
Published: March 2014

BACKGROUNDEvidence suggests depression increases hospital readmission risk.OBJECTIVEDetermine whether depressive symptoms are associated with unplanned readmission within 30 days of discharge of general medical patients.DESIGNSecondary analysis of the Project Re‐Engineered Discharge (RED) randomized controlled trials.SETTINGUrban academic safety‐net hospital.PATIENTSA total of 1418 hospitalized adult English‐speaking patients.INTERVENTIONThe 9‐Item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) was used to screen patients for depressive symptoms.MEASUREMENTSHospital readmission within 30 days of discharge. Poisson regression was used to control for confounding variables.RESULTSThere were 225 (16%) patients who screened positive for mild depressive symptoms (5 ≤PHQ‐9 ≤9) and 336 (24%) for moderate or severe depressive symptoms (PHQ‐9 ≥10). After controlling for confounders, a higher rate of readmission was observed in subjects with mild depressive symptoms compared to subjects with PHQ‐9 <5, incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11‐2.00). The adjusted IRR of readmission for those with moderate‐to‐severe symptoms was 1.96 (95% CI: 1.51‐2.49) compared to those with no depression.CONCLUSIONSScreening positive for mild and moderate‐to‐severe depressive symptoms during a hospitalization on a general medical service is associated with an increased dose‐dependent readmission rate within 30 days of discharge in an urban, academic, safety‐net hospital. Further research is needed to determine whether treatments targeting the reduction of depressive symptoms reduce the risk of readmission. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2014;9:358–364. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
October circulation precursors of the wintertime Arctic Oscillation
Authors: Kryjov Vladimir N. 
Published: March 2014

ABSTRACTInvestigation into atmospheric processes preceding winters of different Arctic Oscillation index (AOI) polarity, based on empirical data analysis, has revealed highly statistically significant relationships between the wintertime AOI and preceding October circulation. The wintertime AOI strongly covaries with an October circulation anomaly barotropically spanning the depth of the troposphere over the Taymyr Peninsula (Taymyr circulation anomaly, TCA), with the anticyclonic (cyclonic) TCA preceding winters of the negative (positive) AOI polarity. The October TCA affects the wintertime AOI polarity mainly via its impact on air temperature over the Arctic and North‐East Asia. Anticyclonic (cyclonic) TCA leads to the positive (negative) temperature anomaly over the Arctic and a corresponding increase (decrease) of geopotential heights, and to the negative (positive) temperature anomaly over North‐East Asia and so to enhancement (weakening) of the climatological trough associated with long planetary waves and corresponding enhancement (weakening) of the upward wave activity flux. To characterize temporal variability of the TCA, a Taymyr circulation index (TCI) is suggested. Correlation coefficient between the (inverted) wintertime AOI and the October TCI is 0.58 for the 1958–2012 period, with correlations being stable in time. The anticyclonic (cyclonic) TCA is associated with smaller (larger) number of cyclones coming to the region of the eastern Barents Sea–Taymyr Peninsula–Laptev Sea. Statistical relationships between the October TCA, wintertime AOI and September/October sea surface temperature in the northern Barents Sea are shown.