bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension and Association With Future Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Shih Yu-Hsiang , Yang Chiao-Yu , Lung Chia-Chi 
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE:
To explore the associations between hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the subsequent development of autoimmune diseases.

METHODS:
This retrospective cohort study used TriNetX, a federated network of real-world data. Using the Global Collaborative Network data, we collected electronic medical records from 102 health care organizations with 131 million patient records from 2006 to 2020. The study assessed the risk of autoimmune diseases in women aged 16–45 years. Two cohorts were compared: the pregnancy-induced hypertension cohort, which included women with gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, or eclampsia, and the normotensive pregnancy cohort. Women with preexisting autoimmune diseases or hypertension and those with complications occurring before 20 weeks of gestation were excluded. Propensity score matching was used to ensure balanced cohorts. The primary outcome was the long-term risk of autoimmune diseases during a follow-up period of up to 18 years. The secondary outcome evaluated the association between the risk of autoimmune diseases and both the patient's age and the severity of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

RESULTS:
The prevalence of pregnancy-induced hypertension was found to be 13.4%. After propensity score matching, among 289,564 women, those with pregnancy-induced hypertension demonstrated a significantly higher risk of developing autoimmune diseases during long-term follow-up. The risk of systemic lupus erythematosus was notably higher (hazard ratio 1.87, 95% CI, 1.60–2.18), along with elevated risks of multiple sclerosis, Addison disease, antiphospholipid syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, mixed connective tissue disease, and rheumatoid arthritis. Subgroup analysis revealed that women of advanced maternal age with pregnancy-induced hypertension had a similar risk of developing autoimmune diseases compared with younger women. In addition, the risk of these autoimmune diseases increased with the severity of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

CONCLUSION:
Women with a history of pregnancy-induced hypertension face a higher long-term risk of autoimmune diseases, emphasizing the need for ongoing monitoring and preventive care.
Topical losartan and systemic vitamin C to mitigate corneal fibrosis after superficial keratectomy complicated by infection
Authors: Min Heun , Ambati Balamurali 
Published: February 2025

Introduction:
The efficacy of topical losartan in treating corneal fibrosis has been suggested by recent in vivo studies and clinical reports. This is one of the few reported cases of successful treatment of corneal scarring using topical losartan and systemic vitamin C.

Patient and Clinical Findings:
The case of a 72-year-old woman with presumed epithelial basement membrane dystrophy who developed a corneal opacity after superficial keratectomy of the right eye is presented. Patient presented 2 weeks postoperatively with decreased vision. Anterior segment examination revealed a central corneal opacity on the corneal epithelium with mild infiltrates.

Diagnosis, Intervention, and Outcomes:
Anterior segment optical coherence tomography confirmed the presence of a superficial anterior stromal central corneal opacity. Patient began treatment of topical losartan 0.8 mg/mL and oral vitamin C 1000 mg that was tapered and monitored throughout 9 months. Significant improvement in corneal opacity was observed at month 2 with almost complete resolution at month 9. Visual acuity had 1-line improvement on the Snellen chart and remained stable.

Conclusions:
Combined topical losartan and systemic vitamin C demonstrate potential of being adjunct agents to reduce corneal fibrosis secondary to other etiologies. Further clinical studies are needed to optimize dosages, treatment durations, and prevent regression.
Sulbactam–Durlobactam for Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii–calcoaceticus Complex Infections
Authors: Marzella Nino , Kish Troy , Costinas Carmen-Sarah , Dima Lorena , Nguyen Timothy 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major health crisis specifically associated with Acinetobacter. Among different Acinetobacter species, Acinetobacter baumannii is known as the greatest culprit concerning clinical significance. Of most importance, carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii–calcoaceticus complex (CRAB) infections are the fourth leading global cause of death attributable to AMR. Consequently, CRAB has been established globally as a top priority pathogen for the development of novel antimicrobials. Sulbactam-–durlobactam received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval to target this resistant microorganism.

Mechanism of Action, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacokinetics:
This innovative combination uses sulbactam, which is a first-generation β-lactamase inhibitor with antibacterial activity against Acinetobacter spp. Considering sulbactam is susceptible to cleavage by numerous β-lactamases, the benefit of this coformulated product is the addition of durlobactam. Durlobactam is a new member of the diazabicyclooctane class of β-lactamase inhibitors with broad spectrum activity against several serine β-lactamases, making it able to restore the sulbactam's activity against the exclusively multidrug-resistant strains. Overall, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameter for sulbactam is time above minimum inhibitory concentration (T >MIC) and for durlobactam is 24-hour unbound area under the curve. The estimated half-life for sulbactam–durlobactam is approximately 2 hours.

Clinical Trials:
The ATTACK, a phase 3 trial, used sulbactam–durlobactam in patients with laboratory-confirmed CRAB. The primary efficacy end point was 28-day all-cause mortality. The combination was noninferior to colistin. The drug was well tolerated and effective in reducing mortality from serious infections caused by CRAB, along with multidrug-resistant strains. The sulbactam–durlobactam group had significantly lower incidence of nephrotoxicity.

Therapeutic Advance:
Sulbactam–durlobactam is an unconventional dual β-lactamase inhibitor coformulated product. It holds activity against CRAB infections noninferior to other agents, yet with fewer kidney side effects. This novel product deserves to be regarded as an important agent added to the current battlefield landscape against multiple resistant organisms encountered in current medical practice.
Comparison of quantitative Krenning Scores with visual assessment in 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC SPECT-CT
Authors: Gemmell Alastair J. , Brown Colin M. , Ray Surajit , Small Alexander 
Published: February 2025

Purpose
The aim of this study is to assess inter-observer variability of the Krenning Score for 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)-computed tomography (CT) images and compare against quantitative metrics obtained from tumour and physiological uptake measurements.

Methods
Thirty-two patients with 117 lesions visible on 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC SPECT-CT were scored by two expert observers using the Krenning Score. Five observers with less extensive experience also scored the lesions on visual assessment. Inter-observer agreement and comparison to the expert consensus was tested. Three observers made quantitative measurements of the lesions and physiological uptake, with intra-observer and inter-observer variation investigated. Assessment of agreement between quantitative metrics and the expert visual consensus was also made.

Results
Inter-observer agreement for visual assessment was 44.3% for proportions of agreement and 0.576 for Fleiss’ Kappa, whilst for the best-performing quantitative metric the inter-observer Fleiss’ Kappa was equal to 1. The agreement with expert consensus for the best-performing visual observer was 89.8% for percentage of agreement and 0.914 for Cohen’s Kappa, similar to the best-performing quantitative metric (a derived quantitative Krenning Score) at 86.4% and κ = 0.877. Standardised uptake value maximum (SUVmax) also showed similar levels of agreement at 85.1% and κ = 0.871.

Conclusion
A derived quantitative Krenning Score, or alternatively SUVmax, can provide similar levels of agreement with an expert consensus Krenning Score as visual assessment, with reduced inter-observer variability. Quantification can deliver greater consistency in scoring of 99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-TOC images over visual assessment, an important factor when imaging is used to determine patient eligibility for peptide receptor radiotherapy.
A rare case of symmetric quadriplegia in a patient with japanese encephalitis: a case report
Authors: Basnet Prava , Singh Praveer Raj , Pudasaini Kshitiz Raj , Shrestha Suju , Kc Anjil 
Published: February 2025

Introduction and importance:
Acute flaccid paralysis is a rare neurological complication of Japanese Encephalitis infection, which may involve one or multiple limbs. Symmetric involvement of upper and lower limbs such as in this case is rarely reported.

Presentation of case:
We present a case of a 30-year young male from terai region of Nepal who presented with fever, altered level of consciousness, and symmetrical quadriplegia. Based on these clinical findings, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis was done which came back negative. And based on results, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for herpes simplex virus (HSV) type I and II was done which came out negatively. Other neurological conditions such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and spinal dystrophy were ruled out because of the presence of fever and altered mental status. He was eventually diagnosed with Japanese encephalitis based on his cerebrospinal fluid analysis and positive result for JE serology/IgM Antibody Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (MAC-ELISA) test.

Clinical discussion:
The patient presented with fever, altered mental status and symmetrical flaccid paralysis of the bilateral upper and lower limb. Symmetrical involvement of the upper and the lower limbs is unusual in most cases of Japanese Encephalitis.

Conclusion:
This case highlights the importance of awareness on the part of the clinician about the possibilities of atypical presentation in Japanese encephalitis (JE). It also emphasizes that Japanese encephalitis should be a part of the differential in patients with atypical neurological presentation in endemic areas.
Children’s Emergency Department Provider Experiences With Lethal Means Restriction Counseling and Firearm Access
Authors: Shibi Rosen Arielle , Bechtel Kirsten 
Published: February 2025

Objective:
Assessing firearm access and providing lethal means restriction counseling (LMRC) is paramount for harm reduction, but evidence indicates that it is not commonly provided by Children’s Emergency Department (ED) providers. This study aimed to explore provider perspectives and determine avenues to increase discharge safety for patients with behavioral health emergencies.

Methods:
Twenty-nine Children’s ED providers completed semistructured interviews which were recorded, transcribed, iteratively coded, and organized into themes.

Results:
We identified the following 5 themes: (1) Children’s ED providers have varying experiences with firearms which could influence their clinical practices. (2) Most providers expressed knowledge of LMRC as a necessary component of safety planning for behavioral health patients. (3) The role of medical providers is commonly assumed to be only in medical clearance, with LMRC falling to social workers and psychiatrists. (4) Many Children’s ED providers seem to underestimate the gravity of risk associated with firearm access for children with behavioral health complaints. (5) Training and resources could help facilitate effective LMRC and support caregiver implementation of firearm secure storage.

Conclusions:
Despite a wide range of perspectives and barriers that prevent the consistent provision of LMRC, we saw that providers are amenable to interventions to increase comfort, consistency, and efficacy of safety planning. Understanding these perspectives can inform future initiatives for comprehensive LMRC that include firearm secure storage and address this crucial gap in care.
Optimization of physiology in organ donors in the intensive care unit - what you need to know
Authors: Swanson Elizabeth A. , Hayes Anthony J. , Malinoski Darren J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Optimizing the physiology of organ donors is a critical component of preserving the option for organ donation and addressing the shortage of organs available for transplantation. In this article, we review common physiologic alterations seen in organ donors with a focus on brain-dead organ donors. These physiologic alterations and recommended interventions to optimize the physiology of the brain-dead organ donor are discussed by organ system, providing a framework for trauma surgeons and intensivists involved in the care of organ donors.
Bacteria in the brain: do they have a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease?
Authors: Bhattacharya Arnav , Shepherd Claire , El-Assaad Fatima , Mather Karen A. 
Published: February 2025

Purpose of review
Worldwide efforts continue to unravel the complex pathological pathways that lead to Alzheimer's disease. The gut–brain–microbiome axis, a communication pathway between the gut, brain and microorganisms, is emerging as a potential mechanism involved in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. While the gut microbiome's role in Alzheimer's disease has gained significant attention, the brain microbiome remains relatively unexplored. This review summarizes the latest research on the brain microbiome in Alzheimer's disease.

Recent findings
In the past 4 years, four out of five studies have found bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, in postmortem samples of both control and Alzheimer's disease brains, supporting the idea that the brain is not a sterile environment. Two studies report the overabundance of several bacterial phyla, including Proteobacteria and Actinomycetes, in postmortem Alzheimer's disease brains versus controls. One study reported the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi in a subset of Alzheimer's disease cases compared to controls.

Summary
Limitations and challenges persist in studying the brain microbiome, including the lack of standardized assays and data analysis methods, small sample sizes, and inconsistent use of controls for environmental microbial contamination during sample processing. Well designed studies that employ reproducible and rigorous methods are required to elucidate whether microbes are involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Atmospheric sounding using Earth-based occultations
Authors: Encrenaz Therese , Sicardy Bruno , Roques Françoise , Coustenis Athena 
Published: February 2025

The observation of Earth-based stellar occultations by solar system planets and satellites has been used for decades to retrieve information on the physical properties of their atmospheres. From the variations of the stellar flux during ingress and egress and, in some favourable cases, from the central flash, one can infer the vertical density, pressure and temperature profiles around the half-light level (typically in the range of a few μbars), as well as zonal wind regimes and the presence of hazes. Earth-based occultations have been successfully applied to all planets and satellites surrounded by an atmosphere, and have delivered unique and significant information that are often complementary to the results obtained by planetary space missions. The great improvement of the stellar catalogues provided by the Gaia astrometric space mission has drastically enlarged the capabilities of the stellar occultation method, which appears especially promising for probing the tenuous atmospheres of distant objects of the solar system.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Major advances in planetary sciences thanks to stellar occultations’.
Field-orientation-dependent magnetic phases in
GdRu2Si2
probed with muon-spin spectroscopy
Authors: Huddart B. M. , Hernández-Melián A. , Wood G. D. A. , Mayoh D. A. , Gomilšek M. , Guguchia Z. , Wang C. , Hicken T. J. , Blundell S. J. , Balakrishnan G. , Lancaster T. 
Published: February 2025

Centrosymmetric GdRu2Si2 exhibits a variety of multi-Q magnetic states as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field, including a square skyrmion-lattice phase. The material's behavior is strongly dependent on the direction of the applied field, with different phase diagrams resulting for fields applied parallel or perpendicular to the crystallographic c axis. Here, we present the results of muon-spin relaxation (μ+SR) measurements on single crystals of GdRu2Si2. Our analysis is based on the computation of muon stopping sites and consideration of quantum zero-point motion effects of muons, allowing direct comparison with the underlying spin textures in the material. The muon site is confirmed experimentally, using angle-dependent measurements of the muon Knight shift. Using transverse-field μ+SR with fields applied along either the [001] or [100] crystallographic directions, we distinguish between the magnetic phases in this system via their distinct muon response, providing additional evidence for the skyrmion and meron-lattice phases, while also suggesting the existence of RKKY-driven muon hyperfine coupling. Zero-field μ+SR provides clear evidence for a transition between two distinct magnetically ordered phases at 39 K.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Leptophilic
Z′
bosons at the FCC-ee: Discovery opportunities
Authors: Suarez Rebeca Gonzalez , Pattnaik Baibhab , Zurita José 
Published: February 2025

We examine the possibility to detect new SM-neutral vector bosons (Z′) that couple exclusively to leptons in the electron-positron mode of the Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee). Focusing on the Z′ production with a radiated photon search channel, we show that the FCC-ee can significantly extend the unprobed parameter space by increasing the exclusion in the coupling by one to two orders of magnitude in the kinematically allowed mass range (from 10 to 365 GeV), with the leading sensitivity being driven by the muon channel. In doing so, it outperforms other proposed lepton collider options such as CLIC and ILC in this range of masses. Further, we discuss the possibility of improving the sensitivity of the FCC-ee to this model through the modification of the dilepton invariant mass resolution and the photon energy resolution. The impact of systematic uncertainties on the expected sensitivities is also studied.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Triply Efficient Shadow Tomography
Authors: King Robbie , Gosset David , Kothari Robin , Babbush Ryan 
Published: February 2025

We investigate the problem of efficiently estimating expectation values of large sets of observables from copies of an unknown many-body quantum state. This task, known as shadow tomography, is crucial for quantum simulation and quantum chemistry, where the relevant observables often include k-body fermionic or k-local Pauli operators. A key goal is to achieve sample efficiency, computational efficiency, and few-copy measurements. We introduce the notion of triply efficient shadow tomography to formalize these requirements. Prior work has shown that single-copy measurements suffice for k-local Pauli operators with constant k. However, we prove that for k-body fermionic observables and the full set of n-qubit Pauli operators, single-copy protocols fail to achieve sample-efficient tomography. We then present new protocols based on measuring two copies of the state at a time that overcome these lower bounds, providing a triply efficient protocol.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
The potential of AI tools in shaping digital consumers’ behavior: investigating e-commerce engagement of Chinese Generation Z
Authors: Pu Luoxi , Radics Robert , Umar Muhammad , Jeremiah Faith , Quan Zhi 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the potential adoption of AI-powered tools by Chinese Generation Z (Gen Z) consumers in e-commerce. It aims to understand how factors, such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions, affect behavioral intention and user behavior towards AI-enhanced e-commerce platforms.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. A survey with 24 questions across six constructs was designed and distributed to Chinese Gen Z consumers aged 18–28. The research used convenience and quota sampling methods in four commercial complexes in a populous southwestern Chinese city, with 280 valid responses collected. The data was analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).FindingsIt is found that performance expectancy, effort expectancy and facilitating conditions positively influence behavioral intention to use AI-powered e-commerce tools. Surprisingly, social influence shows a negative correlation with behavioral intention, suggesting that Chinese Gen Z consumers may not be swayed by others’ opinions in adopting these technologies. Facilitating conditions and behavioral intention both significantly affect user behavior. Gender differences can be observed, particularly in the impact of effort expectancy on behavioral intention.Originality/valueThis study extends the application of the UTAUT model to the rapidly evolving e-commerce sector, focusing on AI-powered tools and the unique characteristics of Chinese Gen Z consumers. By highlighting gender differences and the specific preferences of this generation, the research contributes to a more nuanced understanding of technology acceptance in e-commerce, guiding future marketing strategies and platform development.
Unlocking omnichannel capabilities to understand consumer retention: unravelling cross-channel integration and consumer empowerment
Authors: Malhotra Gunjan , Ramalingam Mahesh 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThis study addresses a gap in understanding consumer retention in omnichannel retailing. It explores the impact of omnichannel capabilities on consumer retention by examining the roles of consumer empowerment, cross-channel integration, retailer uncertainty and consumer satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachUtilising the stimulus-organism-response theory, data from 338 Indian omnichannel consumers were analysed using SmartPLS V3 and Process Macro for SPSS. A structured questionnaire guided the investigation into the interconnected dynamics of omnichannel capabilities, consumer empowerment, cross-channel integration, retailer uncertainty and consumer satisfaction.FindingsFindings suggest that omnichannel capabilities significantly and positively influence consumer retention, with a significant mediation impact on consumer empowerment and cross-channel integration. The results indicate that retailer uncertainty negatively moderates, whereas consumer satisfaction positively moderates the association between omnichannel capabilities and consumer retention. Moreover, the study unravels the mechanisms driving consumer retention in the omnichannel landscape.Originality/valueThis research pioneers unravelling the complexities of consumer retention in omnichannel retailing. It explores how consumer retention is enhanced through omnichannel capabilities. This study bridges a gap in existing research by examining the impact of omnichannel capabilities, consumer empowerment and cross-channel integration in omnichannel retailing. Therefore, this study provides innovative, unique and strategic adaptations in the retail industry.