bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La fonction du droit dans une économie globalisée
Authors: Coppens Philippe 
Published: December 2012

Les échanges économiques ont, depuis des millénaires, rapproché des peuples et des civilisations et donc des cultures juridiques différentes. La globalisation de l’économie apparaît comme une accélération de ce phénomène, notamment par les nouvelles technologies de l’information. Mais lorsqu’on s’attache à l’analyse des relations entre le droit et l’économie, on s’aperçoit que le changement le plus fondamental réside ailleurs : dans l’opposition épistémologique entre une économie descriptive et une économie normative. En s’efforçant de devenir une physique des comportements, l’économie descriptive a voulu se dégager de toutes les questions normatives de justice distributive qui sont aux fondements du droit. Et elle a repris la distinction de Hume entre le monde des faits et le monde des valeurs. Mais le temps physique dans lequel s’observent et se prédisent les faits de l’homme économique rationnel n’est pas la durée dans laquelle vivent les sujets de droit raisonnables. C’est, nous semble-t-il, une des raisons principales pour lesquelles le droit est instrumentalisé par l’économie néo-classique.
Revisiting <i>Shari’ah</i>, democracy and human rights in Nigeria
Authors: Mbamalu Williams O. 
Published: December 2012

This article argued that in a pluralistic and complex society such as Nigeria the invocation of Shari’ah (Islamic law) does not augur well for the survival of democracy. The traditional belief of every Muslim is that fundamentalism has been and must continue to be rooted in the concept of theocracy upon which the medieval institution of the Caliphate actually rested. Muslim political leaders challenge the agitation for a secular state in Nigeria as an inspiration by Christian theology based on Western European thought. This article argued that political and social progress in Nigeria is unrealistic without the separation of religion and politics. It was identified in this article that the separation of religion and politics does not go down well with Islamic eschatology and cosmology, because Islam’s main theological drive is toward an Islamic world empire. The solution offered in this article was that emphasis should be on ensuring that any legal framework or constitutional arrangement should be one that safeguards the interests of all citizens.’n Blik op Shari’ah, demokrasie en menseregte in Nigerië. Hierdie artikel argumenteer dat, in ’n pluralistiese en komplekse samelewing soos Nigerië, die aanroeping van Shari’ah (Islamitiese wet) niks goeds voorspel vir die oorlewing van die demokrasie is nie. Die radisionele geloof van elke Moslem is dat fundamentalisme in die konsep van teokrasie, wat sy oorsprong in die Middeleeuse instelling van die Kalifaat het, gewortel is en so moet bly. Politieke Moslemleiers beskuldig die Christelike teologie (wat op die Wes-Europese gedagte gebaseer is) as die oorsaak van die onrus as gevolg van die poging om ‘n sekulere staat in Nigerie tot stand te bring. In hierdie artikel is is ook geargumenteer dat politieke en sosiale vooruitgang in Nigerië nie moontlik is sonder die skeiding van godsdiens en politiek nie. Daar is ook bevind dat die skeiding tussen godsdiens en politiek nie by die Islamitiese eskatologie en kosmologie inpas nie, omdat die Islam se belangrikse teologiese oogmerk ‘n Islamitiese wêreldryk is. Die slotsom van die artikel is die beklemtoning van die feit dat enige wetlike raamwerk of grondwetlike samestellings daarop gerig moet wees om die belange van alle burgers te beskerm.
Biomass and Burning Characteristics of Sugar Pine Cones
Authors: Gabrielson Anton T. , Larson Andrew J. , Lutz James A. , Reardon James J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe investigated the physical and burning characteristics of sugar pine (Pinus lambertianaDouglas) cones and their contribution to woody surface fuel loadings. Field sampling was conducted at the Yosemite Forest Dynamics Plot (YFDP), a 25.6 ha mapped study plot in Yosemite National Park, California, USA. We developed a classification system to describe sugar pine cones of different sizes and decay conditions, and examined differences among cone classes in biomass, bulk density, flame length, burning time, consumption, and relative contribution to surface fuel loads. Sugar pine cones comprised 601 kg ha−1of surface fuels. Mature cones comprised 54 % of cone biomass, and aborted juvenile cones accounted for 44 %. Cone biomass, diameter, and bulk density differed among cone condition classes, as did burning characteristics (one-way ANOVA,P< 0.001 in all cases). Flame lengths ranged from 5 cm to 94 cm for juvenile cones, and 71 cm to 150 cm for mature cones. Our results showed that the developmental stage at which sugar pine cones become surface fuels determines their potential contribution to surface fire behavior in Sierra Nevada mixed-conifer forests. Sugar pine cones burn with greater flame lengths and flame times than the cones of other North American fire-tolerant pine species studied to date, indicating that cones augment the surface fire regime of sugar pine forests, and likely do so to a greater degree than do cones of other pine species.
Quantification of genetically modified maize MON 810 in processed foods
Authors: Bergerová Eva , Godálová Zuzana , Siekel Peter 
Published: December 2012

Maize MON 810 (Zea mays L.) represents the majority of genetically modified food crops. It is the only transgenic cultivar grown in the EU (European Union) countries and food products with its content higher than 0.9 % must be labelled. This study was aimed at impact of food processing (temperature, pH and pressure) on DNA degradation and quantification of the genetically modified maize MON 810. The transgenic DNA was quantified by the real-time polymerase chain reaction method. Processing as is high temperature (121 °C), elevated pressure (0.1 MPa) and low pH 2.25 fragmented DNA. A consequence of two order difference in the species specific gene content compared to the transgenic DNA content in plant materials used has led to false negative results in the quantification of transgenic DNA. The maize containing 4.2 % of the transgene after processing appeared to be as low as 3.0 % (100 °C) and 1.9 % (121 °C, 0.1 MPa). The 2.1 % amount of transgene dropped at 100 °C to 1.0 % and at 121 °C, 0.1 MPa to 0.6 %. Under such make up the DNA degradation of transgenic content showed up 2 or 3 time higher decrease a consequence of unequal gene presence. Such genes disparity is expressed as considerable decrease of transgenic content while the decrease of species specific gene content remains unnoticed. Based on our findings we conclude that high degree of processing might have led to false negative results of the transgenic constituent quantification. Determination of GMO content in processed foods may leads to incorrect statement and labelling in these cases could misleads consumers.
The cadmium intake of selected legumes in model conditions
Authors: Harangozo Ľuboš , Stanovič Radovan , Árvay Július , Trebichalský Pavol 
Published: December 2012

The work is to evaluate the extent of risk transfer of heavy metals from soil burdensome to their different levels of consumption of selected parts of the crop. The goal to be achieved in conditions of simulated vegetation pot experiments. To implement the experiment, we used the agricultural soil of land site Výčapy - Opatovce. The experiments use two types of leguminous plants: Faba beans (Faba vulgaris M.), a variety MERLIN lentil dishes (Lens esculentum) variety NELKA. In one experimental tank was weighed 5 kg of soil mixed with 1 kg of silica sand, and the bottom of the container we put a small drainage layer of gravel. Within each container, we applied the calculated dose of the basic fertilizer, as well as various amounts of soluble salts of cadmium observed. Crops are harvested when fully ripe and the wet mineralization of plant samples was determined by heavy metals AAS method for device VARIAN 240FS. Significant ratio of cadmium is in the aboveground biomass of the legumes. Lentils take into aboveground biomass much more cadmium than faba beans. The cadmium content in the first two variants is significantly lower than in the next two in both crops. We may conclude that the faba beans, and lentils to accumulate an increased amount of cadmium in soil in a relatively large amount of seeds. Although it is clear that Faba bean received cadmium content was compared with more lentils. Due to the significant accumulation of Cd by plants lentils and excessive production of the aboveground biomass is potentially usable lens as fytoremediation crop recovery for metalic polluted soils.
A Case of Purtscher Retinopathy Associated with Stent-Assisted Coil Embolization of a Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Yang Hyun Seung , Joe Soo Geun , Yoon Young Hee , Kim June-Gone 
Published: December 2012

Purpose. This article reports a case of Purtscher retinopathy following therapeutic coil embolization of a middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm. Methods. Case report. Results. A 53-year-old woman with a history of stent-assisted coil embolization in her left MCA unruptured aneurysm presented with a visual disturbance about 3 hours after the procedure. Her left eye vision was 20/40. Fundus examination of the left eye showed an intraretinal hemorrhage and multiple whitish retinal lesions. The spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination showed focal thickness around the whitish lesions and a hemorrhage site. Three weeks later, the retinal whitish lesions decreased but new multiple intraretinal hemorrhages were found near the previous whitish lesions. Fluorescein angiography revealed the obstruction of an arteriole at the posterior pole. After 5 weeks, all lesions in the fundus photography and OCT were almost gone and her left visual acuity was 20/20. Conclusions. A thorough understanding of clinical findings and mechanism of this disorder, including the possibility of direct emboli during coil embolization rather than secondary emboli from the postoperative coil-thrombus complex formed in the aneurysm after the procedure, is therefore necessary to prevent unwanted ocular complications after coil embolization.
Modeling of Phase Separation Mechanism in Polycaprolactone/Dioxane Binary Systems
Authors: Larobina Domenico , Guarino Vincenzo , Ambrosio Luigi 
Published: December 2012

Purpose Unidirectional freezing followed by freeze-drying is a way to produce microcellular material from a polymer solution for biomedical application. As a distinctive feature of this type of process, bundles of channels are observed with an average diameter of hundreds of microns. Variations in porous morphology, particularly in porosity, density, and degree of regularity of spatial organization of pores, have been observed when polymer concentrations and quenching temperature are changed. To examine these issues in more detail the thermally induced phase separation of a polycaprolactone/dioxane solution was studied as a function of polymer concentration and quenching temperature in connection with the ultimate morphology of the micro-cellular material. Methods We prepared microcellular samples of polycaprolactone by freeze/freeze-drying technique. The microstructure of the material was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, a mathematical model for the prediction of the temperature profile and morphology was developed. Results and Conclusions A microstructural disorder region inside the samples was sometimes observed in connection with process parameters. The developed model is able to capture the formation of such a microstructural disorder region as a direct consequence of the slowing down of the solid-liquid interface. Predictions of the model as a function of freezing rate and concentration are in excellent agreement with experimental observation.
Polymeric Microstructures with Shape-Memory Properties for Biomedical Use Built by Stereolithography
Authors: Sharifi Shahriar , Blanquer Sebastien , Grijpma dirk W. 
Published: December 2012

Purpose The aim of this study was to design and build porous microstructures with shape memory behaviour using biodegradable poly(D,L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) dimethacrylate macromers. These microstructures could be advantageous for tissue engineering and other advanced biomedical applications. Methods Porous structures with a gyroid pore network architecture showing average pore sizes of 930 μm and complete pore interconnectivity were prepared by stereolithography. Built structures were characterized by micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). Shape recovery and shape fixity of microstructures after 40% and 70% compression were evaluated. Results At 37 °C the flexible structures showed compression modulus values of 60 KPa and could be fully compressed. Thermal analysis showed that the built networks were amorphous with Tg values of 23 °C. After compression to 40 and 70%, shape fixity and shape recovery of the structures at respectively 0 °C and 37 °C was almost quantitative. Conclusions The well-defined pore network characteristics and the shape-memory properties of these structures allow their use as deployable tissue engineering scaffolds.
Review of Third and Fourth Re-Excision for Narrow or Positive Margins of Invasive and Intraductal Carcinoma
Authors: Subhas Gokulakkrishna , Shah Asha J. , Gupta Aditya , Cook Jonathan , Dubay Linda , Silapaswan Sumet , Kolachalam Ramachandra , Kestenberg William , Ferguson Lorenzo , Jacobs Michael J. , Goriel Yousif , Mittal Vijay K. 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
The trend in breast surgery has shifted toward breast conservation. We reviewed our third and fourth breast re-excision cases, with an analysis of various factors used in making this decision. A retrospective analysis identified 585 patients who underwent re-excision surgery for positive or close margins of invasive carcinoma or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Of these patients 75 (13%) and 17 (3%) underwent third and fourth re-excisions, respectively. The indication for a third re-excision was the presence of positive and/or close (≤1 mm) margins for invasive carcinoma or DCIS in 72/75 patients. A third re-excision was done 31 days (range 8–123 days) after the second re-excision. Re-excision of margins was done in 45 (60%) patients, whereas 30 (40%) patients underwent mastectomy. Residual tumor mandated a fourth re-excision in 17 patients, which was done 45 days (range 14–87 days) after the third surgery. Re-excision of margins was done in 6 patients, whereas 11 patients underwent mastectomy. Involved or close margins with DCIS were the most common indication for re-excision, accounting for 61/75 (82%) of third and 16/17 (94%) of fourth re-excisions. Histopathology revealed that 28/75 (37%) of third and 7/17 (41%) of fourth re-excision patients had no residual tumor. In conclusion, the majority of re-excisions was done for margins &lt;1 mm. Lower rates of re-excision were noted in well-differentiated invasive carcinomas. A close or involved DCIS margin was more likely to lead to a third and even a fourth re-excision. The absence of residual tumors in 40% of patients undergoing third and fourth re-excisions calls for a review of margin guidelines for breast re-excision.
Clinical Importance of Surgical Treatment of Low Rectal Carcinoma in Anus-Preserving Procedure—an Analysis of 86 Cases
Authors: Hong-bing Liu , Xiao-peng Han , Wan-Kun Zhu , Lin Su , Xian-Kun Zhang 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
We investigated the methods and experiences of an anus-preserving procedure in curative resection of low rectal carcinoma. Eighty-six patients with low rectal carcinoma underwent Dixon's procedure with device assistance. Patients were then observed for the effects of operation. The operation was successful in all patients. Pathologic examination of specimens revealed negative margins. Complications such as anastomotic leakage were found in 7 cases. All patients recovered well. Device assistance may contribute to the successful performance of anus-preserving procedure in low rectal carcinoma. Whether the anus can be preserved or not depends on the accurate measurement of the distal length of the rectum. A meticulous hemostasis and avoidance of tension on the stoma are key measures for avoiding anastomotic leakage.
A Meta-analysis of Outcomes After Routine Aspiration of the Gallbladder During Cholecystectomy
Authors: Siddiqui M. R. S. , Sajid M. S. , Nisar A. , Ali H. , Zaborszky A. , Hasan F. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractWe conducted a meta-analysis of published literature comparing outcomes after aspirating (ASP) the gallbladder versus nonaspiration (NASP). Electronic databases were searched from January 1985 to November 2009. A meta-analysis was performed to obtain a summative outcome. Two randomized, controlled trials involving 360 patients were analyzed. A total of 180 patients were in the ASP group, and 180 were in the NASP group. There was no significant increase in operative time in the ASP group compared with the NASP group [random-effects model: standardized mean difference, −0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI), −2.16, 0.71; z  =  0.99; df  =  1; P  =  0.32], but there was significant heterogeneity among trials (Q  =  42.4; P &lt; 0.001; I2  =  98%). Patients undergoing ASP were less likely to have a gallbladder perforation [random-effects model: risk ratio (RR), 0.42; 95% CI, 0.19, 0.96; z  =  2.05; df  =  1; P &lt; 0.05], but no difference was found regarding the loss of gallstones (random-effects model: RR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.30, 5.85; z  =  0.38; df  =  1; P  =  0.70). No difference was seen for liver bed bleeding (P  =  0.43) or overall 30-day infection rates (P  =  0.66). After aspiration, gallbladder perforation rates may be lower. This does not appear to translate into decreased loss of gallstones or infection rates. There was no significant difference between techniques in blood loss from the liver bed. Further randomized, controlled trials and follow-up studies are required to confirm these results and to establish long-term sequelae.
Pathology Studies of Combined Radical Resection of Seminal Vesicle in the Treatment of Rectal Cancer
Authors: Komori Koji , Hirai Takashi , Kanemitsu Yukihide , Shimizu Yasuhiro , Sano Tsuyoshi , Ito Seiji , Senda Yoshiki , Misawa Kazunari , Ito Yuichi , Kato Tomoyuki 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
To inhibit local recurrence of rectal cancer, it is very important to ensure that there is a sufficient circumferential resection margin. We evaluated pathology studies of combined radical resection of seminal vesicles in the treatment of rectal cancer. We analyzed data from 7 cases of combined radical resection of the seminal vesicle in the treatment of rectal cancer; we also analyzed data from 35 control cases without seminal vesicle resection. The circumferential resection margin averaged 5.97 mm for cases that had combined radical resection of the seminal vesicle, and this was significantly longer than for cases without resection (P &lt; 0.001). Local recurrence was not seen in cases that had combined radical resection of the seminal vesicle, whereas 3 cases (5.9%) occurred in the group that did not undergo resection. Combined radical resection of the seminal vesicle in patients with rectal cancer ensures that the distance of the circumferential resection margin is sufficient to inhibit local recurrence.
Experience of Distal Gastrectomy By Minilaparotomy With Laparoscopic-Assistance for Nonoverweight Patients With T1N0-1 Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ishida Hideyuki , Ishiguro Toru , Okada Norimichi , Kumamoto Kensuke , Ishibashi Keiichiro , Miyazaki Tatsuya , Haga Norihiro 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
To evaluate the usefulness of laparoscopic assistance for curative distal gastrectomy by minilaparotomy, 19 patients (body mass index ≤25.0 kg/m2) with T1N0-1 gastric cancer who underwent distal gastrectomy with a minilaparotomy (skin incision ≤7 cm) with laparoscopic assistance (LA (+) group) were compared with 19 historic controls who underwent equivalent surgery by minilaparotomy without laparoscopic assistance (LA (−) group). The percentage of patients with blood loss more than 300 mL tended to be lower in the LA (+) group (5.3% versus 31.6%, P  =  0.09). The first flatus passage was earlier (P  =  0.04), serum C-reactive protein levels on postoperative day 1 were lower (P  =  0.04), and white blood cell counts on postoperative day 1 tended to be lower (P  =  0.07) in the LA (+) group. Minilaparotomy with laparoscopic assistance seems to be less invasive compared with pure minilaparotomy. This procedure is considered to be a simple alternative to standard laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy in selected patients with T1N0-1 gastric cancer.
Intestinal Pneumatosis in Which CT Colonography Was of Significant Diagnostic Value: Case Report
Authors: Shimada Ryu , Hayama Tamuro , Yamazaki Norihito , Akahane Takuya , Horiuchi Atushi , Shibuya Hajime , Yamada Hideki , Ishihara Soichiro , Nozawa Keijiro , Matsuda Keiji , Watanabe Toshiaki 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
Intestinal pneumatosis refers to the presence of gas in the gastrointestinal wall. It is often difficult to clinically differentiate this condition from gastrointestinal perforation, sometimes resulting in emergency surgery. Imaging studies are important to establish the differential diagnosis. However, there have been few studies showing the efficacy of computed tomography (CT) colonography in diagnosing pneumatosis. We report a case of intestinal pneumatosis in which CT colonography was of significant diagnostic value. A 43-year-old man was referred to our hospital for a detailed investigation of multiple submucosal tumor-like lesions associated with multiple pneumatosis from the cecum to the ascending colon. These lesions were revealed by colonoscopy performed in another hospital on May 21, 2008. Abdominal 3-dimensional CT showed multiple pneumatic lesions from the cecum to the ascending colon, and the patient was diagnosed as having intestinal pneumatosis. The patient is being followed conservatively because he is asymptomatic.
Torquated Giant Appendix Epiploica Mimicking Intraperitoneal Liposarcoma: Report of a Case
Authors: Jeanmonod Pascal , Sperling Jens , Seidel Roland , Richter Sven , Kollmar Otto , Schuld Jochen 
Published: December 2012

Abstract
A 49-year-old woman presented with acute abdominal pain in the right iliac fossa in our emergency department. Pain was abrupt in onset and severely colicky in nature. Abnormal laboratory values included a C-reactive protein of 75 mg/L and a CA-125 of 70.3 U/mL. White blood cell count was normal. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an inhomogeneous mass of 9.5 × 3.5 × 5.5 cm in diameter close to the appendix vermiformis and the sigmoid colon. Because of the clinical symptoms of an acute abdomen an explorative laparotomy was performed. Intraoperatively a pedunculated tumor beginning at the serosa of the sigmoid colon was found. The appendix was unremarkable. The macroscopic aspect as well as the backtable incision of the tumor was suspicious of an intraperitoneal liposarcoma. Rapid section and histopathologic examination revealed necrotic fat tissue without any malignancy. The patient was discharged from the hospital 7 days after the operation with normal laboratory parameters and without further complication. When epiploic appendagitis is evident as a big tumor mass in addition to clinical symptoms of an acute abdomen and elevated tumor markers, surgical exploration is mandatory.