bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Superbase‐Promoted Selective Cascade Cyclization Reaction of 1,5‐Diketones with Acetylenes to Methylene‐6,8‐dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes
Authors: Schmidt Elena Yu. , Bidusenko Ivan A. , Protsuk Nadezhda I. , Ushakov Igor A. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: March 2013

Abstract1,5‐Diketones are readily cyclized in the presence of various alkali‐metal superbases with acetylenes at 70 °C in a one‐pot cascade reaction to give methylene‐6,8‐dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes in up to 92 % yield. In the case of symmetrical 1,5‐diketones, only one diastereomer is formed, whereas unsymmetrical diketones afford two diastereomers in a ratio corresponding to that of the starting ketones. This result indicates the key cascade cyclization sequence is stereoselective.
Study on Electrochemical Fingerprints and Identification of Different Varieties of Rice and Mouldy Rice by B‐Z Oscillation Reaction System
Authors: Li Yongling , Li Cong , Chen Wen , Zhang Mingxiao 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe electrochemical fingerprints of different varieties of rice and mouldy rice were studied by Belousov‐Zhabotinskii (B‐Z) oscillation reaction system with malonic acid as dissipative material under the condition of constant temperature. The results indicated that the chemical composition of rice may influence the kinetic parameters of the B‐Z oscillation reaction, which lead to the electrochemical fingerprint characteristic parameters and the intuitive information changes obviously. The varieties of rice and mouldy rice can be identified and evaluated by the difference of the electrochemical characteristic information.
A variable source area for groundwater evapotranspiration: impacts on modeling stream flow
Authors: Tsang Yin‐Phan , Hornberger George , Kaplan Louis A. , Newbold J. Denis , Aufdenkampe Anthony K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEvapotranspiration (ET) plays a crucial role in catchment water budgets, typically accounting for more than 50% of annual precipitation falling within temperate deciduous forests. Groundwater ET is a portion of total ET that occurs where plant roots extend to the capillary fringe above the phreatic surface or induce upward movement of water from the water table by hydraulic redistribution. Groundwater ET is spatially restricted to riparian zones or other areas where the groundwater is accessible to plants. Due to the difficulty in measuring groundwater ET, it is rarely incorporated explicitly into hydrological models. In this study, we calibrated Topographic Model (TOPMODEL) using a 14‐year hydrograph record and added a groundwater ET pathway to derive a new model, Groundwater Evapotranspiration TOPMODEL (GETTOP). We inspected groundwater elevations and stream flow hydrographs for evidence of groundwater ET, examined the relationship between groundwater ET and topography, and delineated the area where groundwater ET is likely to take place. The total groundwater ET flux was estimated using a hydrological model. Groundwater ET was larger where the topography was flat and the groundwater table was shallow, occurring within about 10% of the area in a headwater catchment and accounting for 6 to 18% of total annual ET. The addition of groundwater ET to GETTOP improved the simulation of stream discharge and more closely balanced the watershed water budget. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ecohydrology of forested peatlands: Simulating the effects of tree shading on moss evaporation and species composition
Authors: Kettridge N. , Thompson D. K. , Bombonato L. , Turetsky M. R. , Benscoter B. W. , Waddington J. M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractForested peatlands represent an important global carbon pool, storing 48.0 Pg of carbon within continental western Canada alone. Peatland hydrology regulates the carbon dynamics and future stability of this carbon store and provides a critical control on regional water dynamics. Drying associated with land‐use change and climate change has the potential to increase tree growth, modifying the density, size, and spatial arrangement of trees. This can reduce peatland evaporation and offset the associated increase in transpiration. To determine the magnitude of this negative ecohydrological feedback, we simulated spatial variations in radiation, turbulent energy fluxes, and temperatures in peatlands with real and idealized tree densities and distributions. For a random tree distribution, an increase in tree density from 0 to 4 trees per m2 reduced available energy at the peat surface, decreasing average evaporation by 25%. At higher tree densities, feather moss species covered a larger fraction of the ground because of lower light availability. In combination with the lower energy availability, this change in moss composition reduced evaporation by ~70%. The reduction in evaporation was greater (83%) when the effects of increased canopy cover on peatland aerodynamic properties were incorporated. Additionally, we found that evaporation was dependent on the spatial arrangement of trees, with evaporation being higher when trees were clustered. Overall, our model showed that the trade‐off between reduced evaporation and increased transpiration with increasing tree densities reduced landscape variation in evapotranspiration, with simulated evapotranspiration remaining approximately constant across a broad range of peatland ecosystems despite varying canopy densities.
Effects of exercise level on biomarkers in a rat knee model of osteoarthritis
Authors: Yamaguchi Shoki , Aoyama Tomoki , Ito Akira , Nagai Momoko , Iijima Hirotaka , Zhang Xiangkai , Tajino Junichi , Kuroki Hiroshi 
Published: March 2013

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to elucidate whether the levels of serum biomarkers reflect the progression of osteoarthritis (OA) induced by different levels of exercise. Thirty‐five Wistar rats subjected to anterior cruciate ligament transaction (ACLT) were divided into three groups: Control, moderate running, and intense running. Twelve rats (moderate running without ACLT) were allocated as a naive group. Running was performed on a motorized treadmill, at a speed of 18 m/min for 30 min/day (moderate and naive) or 60 min/day (intense) for 3 days per week. After 2 or 4 weeks, OA histopathology in the knees was evaluated using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score, and the serum levels of cleaved collagen type II (C2C) and procollagen II C‐propeptide (CPII) were analyzed. The OARSI score deteriorated in the intense running group after 2 weeks and the serum C2C/CPII ratio suggested the development of OA. At 4 weeks, the C2C/CPII ratio suggested there would be deterioration in the OARSI score but the score did not differ significantly between the moderate and intense running groups. C2C/CPII ratio had 13–25% correlation with the OARSI histological score. Thus, in rat experimental OA, the OARSI score could be partially predicted by the C2C/CPII ratio as a serum biomarker of OA. © 2013 Orthopaedic Research Society Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31:1026–1031, 2013
Effects of emitting layer host composition profile on the recombination zone of blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Tang Ching. W. , Rothberg Lewis. J. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe spatial distribution of charge recombination in blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes with linearly graded, step‐graded and uniformly mixed host architectures was identified by selective doping of the emissive layer. Using TCTA and UGH‐3 for hole and electron transporting hosts in the emitting layer, the recombination zones were found to be near the interface with electron transport layer due to the relatively high hole mobility of TCTA. For linearly graded host concentration profiles, however, the recombination region extends much further into the emissive layer. Expansion of the recombination region increases device efficiency by reducing quenching at the interface with the electron transport layer or by reducing triplet diffusion into the electron transport layer.
Color accurate monitors: Basic features and comparison of four monitors
Authors: Abileah Adi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractColor accurate monitors are high resolution, luminance‐controlled displays with very large color gamut. They have internal controls to match specific color standards (e.g., sRGB, Adobe‐RGB, REC‐709) and well‐defined gamma functions (mostly γ = 2.2, but others such as Equal Probability of Detection, Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine). Usually, they come with external tools for automatic calibration (like Chroma 5 or Spider) and for communicating with the host computer through USB port, and with software to control the calibration process. Most of them allow a calibration to a specific customer selected color gamut, besides the precalibrated standards, but limit the gray levels calibration to a gamma type function (typically γ = 2.2). Their unique properties, challenges, and applications will be discussed. A comparison between the properties of four monitors and optical test results of their parameters is presented.
Transnasal Esophagogastroduodenoscopy for Evaluation of Upper Gastrointestinal Non‐Neoplastic Disorders in Patients With Fresh Hypopharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Ping , Tseng Ping‐Huei , Chen Tseng‐Cheng , Lou Pei‐Jen , Yang Tsung‐Lin , Hu Ya‐Ling , Ko Jenq‐Yuh , Hsiao Tzu‐Yu , Lee Yi‐Chia 
Published: March 2013

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis:Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract non‐neoplastic disorders are detrimental to cancer treatment. This study is to evaluate the feasibility of transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the diagnosis of UGI disorders at the same time as the diagnosis of hypopharyngeal cancer and to provide the prevalence of UGI disorders in patients with fresh hypopharyngeal cancer.Study Design:A prospective cases series study.Methods:Patients with newly diagnosed hypopharyngeal cancer between 2007 and 2010 were enrolled. An endoscope (GIF‐XP260N; Olympus Optical, Tokyo, Japan) without conscious sedation was transnasally used to evaluate from the pharynx to duodenum.Results:One hundred two patients were evaluated. Sixty‐five patients had at least one UGI disorder: gastric/duodenal ulcers in 32; active Helicobacter pylori infection in 36; and erosive esophagitis in 20 patients, including Los Angeles classification grade A in eight patients, grade B in 10, grade C in one, and grade D in one. Of the abovementioned disorders, 45 patients had only one, 17 patients had two, and three patients had all of the above disorders. Neither age, sex, location, nor T classification of the hypopharyngeal tumor was associated with the presence of UGI disorders.Conclusions:Transnasal esophagogastroduodenoscopy can be a single procedure to diagnose hypopharyngeal cancer and UGI disorders at one session. Approximately ⅔ of the patients with fresh hypopharyngeal cancer had either erosive esophagitis, active H. pylori infection, or gastric/duodenal ulcers.
Otolaryngology training programs: Resident and faculty perception of the mentorship experience
Authors: Lin Sandra Y. , Laeeq Kulsoom , Malik Adeel , Varela David A. Diaz Voss , Rhee John S. , Pillsbury Harold C. , Bhatti Nasir I. 
Published: March 2013

Objectives/HypothesisThe purpose of this study is to compare faculty and trainees' perceptions of their mentorship experience in otolaryngology training programs in order to identify areas where improvements could yield more productive mentorship.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey design.MethodsResidents and faculty from three otolaryngology–head and neck surgery programs were surveyed regarding their perceptions of their mentoring relationship. Trainees were asked about the characteristics of their mentorship experience. Separately, faculty were asked to describe their mentorship relationship, available resources to provide effective mentorship, and to identify areas in which formal training would improve their mentoring skills.ResultsForty‐eight trainees (72%) and sixty‐one faculty members (73%) completed the survey. Ninety percent of residents meet with their mentors at least twice a year. Faculty and residents (> 80%) agreed that career planning was the most commonly addressed topic in mentorship sessions. However, faculty and residents differed in their perceptions of providing mentorship in other areas including clinical judgment (P = 0.003). The majority of faculty (56%) felt that formal mentorship training would improve their mentorship skills. While 95% of mentees agreed that their mentor is accessible, only 46% of faculty believed they have enough time to dedicate to mentoring (P < 0.001).ConclusionsMentees are generally satisfied with the mentoring they receive, while most mentors are not satisfied with the time they have to provide mentorship. Further insights into differences in faculty and trainee perceptions may improve the mentorship experience.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 123:1876–1883, 2013
Reconstruction of the pedicled nasoseptal flap donor site with a contralateral reverse rotation flap: Technical modifications and outcomes
Authors: Kasemsiri Pornthep , Carrau Ricardo L. , Otto Bradley A. , Tang Ing Ping , Prevedello Daniel M. , Muto Jun , Caicedo Emiro 
Published: March 2013

Objectives/HypothesisA pedicled nasoseptal flap is our preferred reconstructive technique after endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery. Its harvesting implies that the donor site (septal cartilage) is left bare. Secondary healing leads to crusting at the donor site that negatively affects the patient's quality of life and requires multiple outpatient debridements. A nasoseptal reverse rotation flap was designed to eliminate this problem; however, its outcomes have not been reported.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the clinical charts of patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery at the Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University from November 2010 to September 2012, and in whom a reverse flap was used. We analyzed patients' demographics, pathology, and outcomes regarding the reverse flap.ResultsForty‐nine patients with various pathologies were included (11 meningiomas, seven craniopharyngiomas, five pituitary macroadenomas, five chondrosarcomas, five meningoencephaloceles, three chordomas, 11 malignant tumors, two other lesions). There were two patients lost to follow‐up. Mean follow‐up time was 11 weeks (range = 1–39 weeks). A follow‐up examination 1 to 2 weeks after surgery revealed a complete re‐epithelialization in 46 of 47 patients (97.87%). Adverse events included granuloma (n = 1), anterior dehiscence (n = 1), and excoriated mucosa (n = 1). Factors such as underlying disease, prior chemoradiotherapy, and postoperative chemoradiotherapy did not seem to affect the healing of the reverse flap.ConclusionsThe reverse flap provides complete remucosalization of the denuded donor septum, decreasing septal crusting within the first 1 to 2 postoperative weeks, and adds minimal morbidity.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 123:2601–2604, 2013
Does the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) measure anxiety symptoms consistently across adolescence? The TRAILS study
Authors: Mathyssek Christina M. , Olino Thomas M. , Hartman Catharina A. , Ormel Johan , Verhulst Frank C. , Van Oort Floor V.A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe assessed if the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) measures anxiety symptoms similarly across age groups within adolescence. This is crucial for valid comparison of anxiety levels between different age groups. Anxiety symptoms were assessed biennially in a representative population sample (n = 2226) at three time points (age range 10–17 years) using the RCADS anxiety subscales (generalized anxiety disorder [GAD], obsessive‐compulsive disorder [OCD], panic disorder [PD], separation anxiety [SA], social phobia [SP]). We examined longitudinal measurement invariance of the RCADS, using longitudinal confirmatory factor analysis, by examining the factor structure (configural invariance), factor loadings (metric invariance) and thresholds (strong invariance). We found that all anxiety subtypes were configural invariant. Metric invariance held for items on the GAD, OCD, PD and SA subscales; yet, for the SP subscale three items showed modest longitudinal variation at age 10–12. Model fit decreased modestly when enforcing additional constraints across time; however, model fit for these models was still adequate to excellent. We conclude that the RCADS measures anxiety symptoms similarly across time in a general population sample of adolescents; hence, measured changes in anxiety symptoms very likely reflect true changes in anxiety levels. We consider the instrument suitable to assess anxiety levels across adolescence. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Deprivation of liberty to safeguard against recurrent ketoacidosis
Authors: Aslam A , Rajbhandari SM 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAdvances in medical treatment have resulted in prolonged survival of people with diabetes, with multiple complications. Vascular dementia is one of these and is increasingly seen due to a reduction in mortality from cardiovascular causes. People suffering from dementia are often not capable of weighing up the advantages and disadvantages of proposed treatment in order to give an informed decision. In most cases, this incapacity does not cause problems as patients and their carers agree with the recommendation made by their health care professionals. However, we encountered a challenging case where we had to apply for deprivation of liberty safeguards (DoLS) to treat in the patient's best interests.We report the case of a patient with vascular dementia who had repeated admissions with life‐threatening diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) as she refused to comply with the insulin treatment because of her lack of insight regarding her diabetes care. In order to prevent harm to her, an application was successfully made for DoLS. This allowed treatment with once‐daily, long‐acting analogue insulin under supervision even against her wishes. This prevented further admission to hospital with DKA.DoLS was introduced in the UK in April 2009 to safeguard some of the most vulnerable people in our society for their own safety. People with type 1 diabetes are increasingly surviving longer and may suffer from dementia. The majority will manage with some help from family or health care worker, but in a small proportion DoLS may be needed, as in our case, to prevent recurrent life‐threatening complications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons.
Surface tracks on ultra‐thin polymer films
Authors: Thomaz R. S. , Barbosa L. G. , Silva M. R. , Esteves C. R. B. , Papaléo R. M. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this work, crater formation by single 20 MeV Au ions on ultra‐thin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films was systematically investigated as a function of the thickness t of the layers (2 nm<t <100 nm). The samples were bombarded at grazing angles of incidence (79°and 84° to the surface normal) and morphological changes analyzed employing scanning force microscopy in the tapping mode. For thicknesses from 100 nm down to approximately 20 nm no major changes were observed in the size and morphology of the impact features. For t<20 nm rims (hillocks) start to diminish, but crater hole size showed very little changes even for very thin samples of ∼ 8 nm. Similar results were observed for both impact angles. The results indicate a different depth of origin for crater and ridge formation due to a fast ion impact. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nano‐ and micro‐scale morghological defects in oxidized a‐SiC:H thin films
Authors: Vasin A. V. , Gomeniuk Y. Y. , Rusavsky A. V. , Nazarov A. N. , Lysenko V. S. , Lytvyn P. M. , Gontar O. G. , Starik S. P. , Nouveau C. , Ashok S. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAmorphous carbon rich a‐SiC:H films were deposited on silicon substrates by RF‐magnetron sputtering of SiC target in argon/methane gas mixture. The principal focus of this study was investigation of the effect of thermal oxidation on structure and morphology reconstruction in a‐SiC:H amorphous network. The density of the films was varied over the range 1.6‐2.2 g/cm2 by varying the magnetron discharge power. The local nano‐ and micro‐scale surface morphology and chemical composition distribution were examined by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with Auger electron scanning system and optical profilometry. It was found that partial oxidation leads to local structure reconstruction accompanied by transformation of mechanical stresses from compressive to tensile. Formation of carbon‐enriched nano‐ and micro‐scale regions was observed after oxidation in low density samples. We attrribute these morphological defects to migration and precipitation of carbon species released in the process of oxidation of the SiC amorphous network. The mechanism of tensile stresses generation is also discussed. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantum chemical study of electron‐phonon interaction in crystals
Authors: Klotins Eriks , Zvejnieks Guntars 
Published: March 2013

AbstractStudy of the interaction of the electromagnetic radiation with nonlocal potentials and the electron‐phonon interaction is motivated by its key role in non‐classical phenomena in dielectrics and semiconductors. Actual in second quantization is decoupling of the undesirable mixture of electronic and phonon birth/annihilation operators and obtaining the effect of radiation in presence of the nonlocal potentials. Here we transform an arbitrary effective electron‐ phonon Hamiltonian in two matrices – the matrix of a new interaction Hamiltonian and the matrix of the transformation. For a particular effective Hamiltonian formulated in second quantization these two matrices outline a starting point to decouple the electron‐phonon interaction by transformation of the lattice Hamiltonian to a purely electronic one available for wave function and atomic orbital approaches. The impact of external electromagnetic radiation is incorporated through the birth/annihilation operators. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Germanium nanocrystals in SiO2: relevance of the defect state distribution at the Si‐SiO2 interface
Authors: Beyer Reinhard , Burghardt Hubert , Borany Johannes von 
Published: March 2013

AbstractNanocrystals (NC's) in metal‐oxide‐semiconductor structures are considered as storage nodes for non‐volatile memory devices. The application of germanium NC's is essentially driven by the prospect of improved charge retention, however, the trade‐off between short write/erase operation and long data retention is still an unsolved issue as long as the electronic states contributing to the memory effect and the charge transfer paths for capture and emission are not clearly identified. Recently we have shown, that a thermally stimulated process is involved in the hole emission from embedded nanocrystals and that interface states might play a key role as transfer nodes. In order to inspect this supposition we examine in this study the charge response from interface states and near‐interfacial border traps by means of temperature dependent capacitance‐voltage measurements and deep level transient spectroscopy. NC's were introduced into 20 nm SiO2 layers on p‐type silicon by Ge implantation and subsequent annealing.The temperature dependence of the programming window was established for different samples, and the interface state density distribution was reconstructed from the DLTS spectrum. A particular feature was found in the spectrum which is not associated with the emission of the dispersed interface states, but likely related to the charge emission of the NC's based on a second order process. A scheme of the write/erase mechanisms is discussed, pointing out the crucial role of the interface states with respect to the device operation. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)