bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New developments in AMPK and mTORC1 cross-talk
Authors: Smiles William J. , Ovens Ashley J. , Kemp Bruce E. , Galic Sandra , Petersen Janni , Oakhill Jonathan S. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Metabolic homeostasis and the ability to link energy supply to demand are essential requirements for all living cells to grow and proliferate. Key to metabolic homeostasis in all eukaryotes are AMPK and mTORC1, two kinases that sense nutrient levels and function as counteracting regulators of catabolism (AMPK) and anabolism (mTORC1) to control cell survival, growth and proliferation. Discoveries beginning in the early 2000s revealed that AMPK and mTORC1 communicate, or cross-talk, through direct and indirect phosphorylation events to regulate the activities of each other and their shared protein substrate ULK1, the master initiator of autophagy, thereby allowing cellular metabolism to rapidly adapt to energy and nutritional state. More recent reports describe divergent mechanisms of AMPK/mTORC1 cross-talk and the elaborate means by which AMPK and mTORC1 are activated at the lysosome. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of current understanding in this exciting area and comment on new evidence showing mTORC1 feedback extends to the level of the AMPK isoform, which is particularly pertinent for some cancers where specific AMPK isoforms are implicated in disease pathogenesis.
Age-Related Hearing Loss, Cognitive Decline, and Social Interaction: Testing a Framework
Authors: Arjmandi Meisam K. , Neils-Strunjas Jean , Nemati Samaneh , Fridriksson Julius , Newman-Norlund Sarah , Newman-Norlund Roger , Bonilha Leonardo 
Published: July 2024

Purpose:
Aging increases risk for hearing loss, cognitive decline, and social isolation; however, the nature of their interconnection remains unclear. This study examined the interplay between age-related hearing loss, cognitive decline, and social isolation in adults by testing the ability to understand speech in background noise, a challenge frequently reported by many older adults.

Method:

We analyzed data collected from 128 adults (20–79 years of age,
M
age
= 51 years) recruited as part of the Aging Brain Cohort at the University of South Carolina repository. The participants underwent testing for hearing, cognition, and social interaction, which included pure-tone audiometry, a words-in-noise (WIN) test, a hearing questionnaire (Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale [SSQ12]), a social questionnaire (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-57 Social), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment. We used a single pure-tone average (PTA) threshold value and a single WIN threshold value for each participant because there were no differences on average between the left and right ears.

Results:
Poorer hearing was significantly associated with cognitive decline, through both PTA and WIN thresholds, with a stronger association observed for WIN threshold. Adults with poorer hearing also exhibited greater social isolation, as evidenced by their WIN threshold and SSQ12 score, although not through PTA. This connection was more pronounced with the WIN threshold than with the SSQ12 score. Cognition was not related to social isolation, suggesting that social isolation is affected more by the ability to understand words in noise than by cognition in a nondemented population.

Conclusions:
Understanding speech in challenging auditory environments rather than mere threshold detection is strongly linked to social isolation and cognitive decline. Thus, inclusion of a word-recognition-in-noise test and a social isolation survey in clinical settings is warranted.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26237060
Centre‐loss—A preferred class verification approach over sample‐to‐sample in self‐checkout products datasets
Authors: Ciapas Bernardas , Treigys Povilas 
Published: July 2024

AbstractSiamese networks excel at comparing two images, serving as an effective class verification technique for a single‐per‐class reference image. However, when multiple reference images are present, Siamese verification necessitates multiple comparisons and aggregation, often unpractical at inference. The Centre‐Loss approach, proposed in this research, solves a class verification task more efficiently, using a single forward‐pass during inference, than sample‐to‐sample approaches. Optimising a Centre‐Loss function learns class centres and minimises intra‐class distances in latent space. The authors compared verification accuracy using Centre‐Loss against aggregated Siamese when other hyperparameters (such as neural network backbone and distance type) are the same. Experiments were performed to contrast the ubiquitous Euclidean against other distance types to discover the optimum Centre‐Loss layer, its size, and Centre‐Loss weight. In optimal architecture, the Centre‐Loss layer is connected to the penultimate layer, calculates Euclidean distance, and its size depends on distance type. The Centre‐Loss method was validated on the Self‐Checkout products and Fruits 360 image datasets. Centre‐Loss comparable accuracy and lesser complexity make it a preferred approach over sample‐to‐sample for the class verification task, when the number of reference image per class is high and inference speed is a factor, such as in self‐checkouts.
A high‐accuracy and robust diagnostic tool for gearbox faults in wind turbines
Authors: Lu Shiue‐Der , Jiang Yi‐Hsuan , Wu Chia‐Chun , Sian Hong‐Wei 
Published: July 2024

AbstractFaulty gears are a common cause of wind turbine failures. For this sake, this work was developed as a reliable diagnostic tool for wind turbines to improve wind power stability accordingly. A convolutional extension neural network (CENN) was proposed to identify vibration and audio signals captured from a gearbox. According to the status of the contained faulty gears, a gearbox was categorised as one of the three types: (i) broken, (ii) rusty and (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii). It was further assigned one of the three severity levels: mild, moderate and severe. Therefore, there were a total of nine combinations for identification. Captured raw vibration and audio signals were applied to a chaotic synchronisation detector by which 3D chaotic error scatter feature images were generated to train and test the CENN. The recognition rate provided by CENN and the majority rule reached 99.6%, and then slightly fell to 97.4% in a noise robustness test, and consequently CENN outperformed counterparts in terms of the recognition rate and the robustness against noise. Accordingly, multiple gearbox faults can be well diagnosed for the first time in the literature. Finally, this paper concludes with a simplified version of the original proposal.
Effect of room acoustic properties and head orientation on practical speech-in-noise measurements for various spatial configurations
Authors: Warkentin Larissa , Denk Florian , Winkler Alexandra , Sankowsky-Rothe Tobias , Blau Matthias , Holube Inga , Husstedt Hendrik 
Published: July 2024

Speech recognition scores in noise can be affected by measurement conditions such as the spatial configuration, room acoustic properties, or the position and head orientation of a test person. This is critical when comparing repeated measurements, e.g., during hearing aid verification. While the basic effects of these factors are known, specific effect sizes for practically relevant configurations have not previously been reported. We investigated the effects of audiological test-room acoustics with low reverberation, and of head movements on speech-in-noise tests for typical spatial configurations. Speech-recognition thresholds (SRTs) and head movements were measured in 240 normal-hearing participants in six rooms for five loudspeaker configurations (S0N0, S0N±45, S0N±90, S0N180 and S±45N∓45). Additionally, head positions were reproduced with an artificial head, and using a binaural speech intelligibility model, binaural room impulse responses were measured to estimate the influence of head movements on the SRT. The results show that the effects of room acoustic properties and head movements varies greatly between spatial configurations. Head rotations around the vertical axis can affect speech recognition scores by up to 8 dB, most critically for the configuration S0N180. For spatially separated sound sources, different room acoustic conditions caused differences in SRT of up to 5 dB.
Gesundheitsschädliche Wirkungen von Aromen in E-Zigaretten
Authors: Sommer Natascha , Franzen Klaas , Andreas Stefan , Pankow Wulf , Kunstmann Wilfried , Hanewinkel Reiner 
Published: July 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Fast alle E-Zigaretten enthalten Aromastoffe, die das Produkt attraktiver machen. Bei der Bewertung von E-Zigaretten in Bezug auf die Gesundheit spielten Aromen bisher eine untergeordnete Rolle.
Methode Selektive Literaturrecherche in PubMed, ergänzt durch rechtliche Bestimmungen zur Nutzung von Aromen in E-Zigaretten.
Ergebnisse Aromen erleichtern den Einstieg in den E-Zigarettenkonsum und haben eine konsumfördernde Wirkung. Durch tieferes Inhalieren werden die Nikotinaufnahme und die Aufnahme toxischer Substanzen aus dem E-Zigaretten-Liquid gesteigert. Für einige Aromen wurden pathologische Wirkungen, additiv zu anderen toxischen Bestandteilen der E-Zigarette, nachgewiesen. Für die große Mehrzahl der in E-Zigaretten enthaltenen Aromen liegen bisher keine toxikologischen Analysen vor.
Schlussfolgerungen Die nachgewiesene konsumfördernde Wirkung und die aus präklinischen Daten extrapolierbaren Gesundheitsrisiken sind bedeutsam für die politische Diskussion eines Verbots von Aromen auch für E-Zigaretten, analog zu dem bereits geltenden Verbot von Aromen in Tabakerzeugnissen.
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of the Neonatal Sepsis Risk Calculator in a Tertiary Referral Center in Lebanon
Authors: Neaimeh Yara , Ard Natasha , Daher Darine , Abourjeili Joseph , Makki Maha , Tamim Hani , Maalouf Faouzi I. 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Objective Early onset sepsis (EOS) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the newborn period. This has led to overinvestigation and antibiotic overuse, which remains a concern in EOS management. Sepsis risk calculator (SRC), a tool validated in American and European populations, aids physicians in sepsis risk stratification and has been shown to decrease antibiotics overuse for EOS. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the SRC in a tertiary referral center in Lebanon.
Methods This was a single-center retrospective cohort study, conducted at a tertiary medical center in Beirut, Lebanon, that included infants born at more than 34 weeks' gestational age between January 1, 2017 and January 1, 2019. Data was collected on risk factors for neonatal sepsis and the clinical management performed on each newborn. The SRC was used to calculate a sepsis risk score for each patient. Comparison between actual management performed and SRC recommendation was measured.
Results We reviewed 3,085 charts, out of which 257 charts were excluded. Patients were stratified into two groups: high sepsis risk and low sepsis risk. Out of the 2,828 patients included, 81 infants (2.9%) had high risk of sepsis, out of which 2 patients had positive blood cultures. There were no patients with a low SRC score who had positive blood cultures. There were no patients who were supposed to receive antibiotics per the SRC recommendation who did not undergo workup for sepsis. Implementing SRC would have prevented antibiotics administration in 42 (1.5%) patients.
Conclusion SRC was adequately capable of detecting neonates with sepsis without missing actual cases of EOS, providing initial support for its safety in the population studied. Implementing the SRC would result in reduced usage of antibiotics, laboratory tests, and admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit.
Role of Textural Analysis Parameters Derived from FDG PET/CT in Diagnosing Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Authors: Kote Rutuja , Ravina Mudalsha , Thippanahalli Ganga Rangnath , Singh Satyajt , Reddy Moulish , Prasanth Pratheek , Kote Rohit 
Published: July 2024

Abstract
Introduction Texture and radiomic analysis characterize the lesion's phenotype and evaluate its microenvironment in quantitative terms. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of textural features of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET/CT) images in differentiating patients with cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) from patients with physiologic myocardial uptake.
Methods This is a retrospective, single-center study of 67 patients, 17 diagnosed CS patients, and 50 non-CS patients. These patients underwent FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis of CS. The non-CS group underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for other oncological indications. The PET/CT images were then processed in a commercially available textural analysis software. Region of interest was drawn over primary tumor with a 40% threshold and was processed further to derive 92 textural and radiomic parameters. These parameters were then compared between the CS group and the non-CS group. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to identify cutoff values for textural features with a p-value < 0.05 for statistical significance. These parameters were then passed through a principle component analysis algorithm. Five different machine learning classifiers were then tested on the derived parameters.
Results A retrospective study of 67 patients, 17 diagnosed CS patients, and 50 non-CS patients, was done. Twelve textural analysis parameters were significant in differentiating between the CS group and the non-CS group. Cutoff values were calculated for these parameters according to the ROC curves. The parameters were Discretized_HISTO_Entropy, GLCM_Homogeneity, GLCM_Energy, GLRLM_LRE, GLRLM_LGRE, GLRLM_SRLGE, GLRLM_LRLGE, NGLDM_Coarseness, GLZLM_LZE, GLZLM_LGZE, GLZLM_SZLGE, and GLZLM_LZLGE. The gradient boosting classifier gave best results on these parameters with 85.71% accuracy and an F1 score of 0.86 (max 1.0) on both classes, indicating the classifier is performing well on both classes.
Conclusion Textural analysis parameters could successfully differentiate between the CS and non-CS groups noninvasively. Larger multicenter studies are needed for better clinical prognostication of these parameters.
Quality of Life before and after Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer Patients Measured Using an Updated Head-Neck Specific EORTC QLQ-H&N43 at a Rural Tertiary Cancer Care Center
Authors: Waghmare Chaitali M. , Pawar Hemant J. , Bhalwar Rajvir 
Published: July 2024

Background Quality of life (QOL) in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) patients from rural area is sparsely studied. Aim of this study was to evaluate the QOL before (pre-) and at first follow-up after radiotherapy (RT) (post-RT) in patients of HNSCC at a rural tertiary cancer care center (RTCCC).
Materials and Methods This analytical study commenced after an institutional ethics committee approval included HSCCC patients registered at a RTCCC from June 2019 to January 2022. Marathi version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ), EORTC QLQ-C30 (v3.0), and an updated head-neck specific EORTC QLQ-H&N43 were served to the eligible patients pre- and post-RT. Clinicodemographic details were collected from prospectively maintained hospital records. Graph-Pad, Instat-3 (California Inc) was used for statistical analysis. Effect size and minimal important change were noted.
Results A total of 100 patients completed both the pre- and post-RT (6–18 weeks post-RT) QLQ. Median age was 53 years (range: 30–78 years) and man to woman gender ratio was 4.56:1. Majority of the patients were farmer (46%), tobacco users (92%), and from middle socioeconomic class (57%). Oral cavity was the most common subsite involved (62%) and majority presented in locally advanced stage (82%) of disease.Global health status improved significantly after treatment with a large effect size (ES = –0.84). QOL was significantly improved after treatment except for parameters depicting treatment-related toxicities, that is, dryness of mouth and sticky saliva (ES = –1.75), problem with senses (ES = –1.31), and skin (ES = –1.38).Coronavirus disease pandemic and limitations of QLQ were few shortcomings of this study.
Conclusion There is considerable improvement in QOL in HNSCC patients post-RT except for the treatment-related toxicity domains.
The OBR and the unintended economic consequences of Mr Osborne
Authors: O’Donovan Nick 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThe creation of the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) was heralded as a major change in UK economic governance, purporting to offer objective analysis insulated from partisan politics. In the tumultuous years since the OBR’s foundation, however, its neutrality has been disputed by critics of diverse political persuasions. Ben Clift’s new book, The Office for Budget Responsibility and the Politics of Technocratic Economic Governance, offers a nuanced evaluation of these criticisms, illuminating the subtle ways in which the OBR favours certain policy choices over others. Building on Clift’s work, this symposium article considers whether the OBR is inherently biased towards austerity and fiscal conservatism, or whether OBR scrutiny is compatible with more radical changes in the UK’s political economy.
The lexical divide: propositive modes and non-agentic attitudes define the progressive left in Chile
Authors: Raveau María P. , Couyoumdjian Juan P. , Fuentes-Bravo Claudio , Rodriguez-Sickert Carlos , Candia Cristian 
Published: July 2024

AbstractInternal factors-such as psychological traits or individual attitudes-relate to and explain political cleavages. Yet, little is known about how locus of control, agency, and modal attitudes impact political ideology. Utilizing textual analysis within the context of the Chilean 2015 constituent process, we go beyond traditional survey methods to explore community clusters in “Values” and “Rights” networks built upon the deliberation of 106,000 people. Our findings reveal distinct attitudinal patterns across political orientations: the progressive left generally exhibits a more propositive and non-agentic attitude, the traditional left adopts an evaluative stance towards values, and the right-wing community leans towards a factual attitude but shifts to an evaluative stance when discussing rights. These results underscore the role of psychological constructs in shaping political ideologies and introduce textual analysis as a robust tool for psychological and political inquiry. The study offers a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of political behavior and provides a new lens through which to examine the psychology of political ideology.
Linguistic synesthesia in language contact: Sino-Korean vs. native Korean synesthetic compounds
Authors: Jo Charmhun 
Published: July 2024

AbstractThis study examines whether linguistic synesthesia shares mapping directionality across languages and cultures in terms of language contact. This motivation has led to the examination of Sino-Korean synesthetic compounds compared to native Korean ones. A comparative analysis of Sino-Korean and native Korean synesthesia proposes that language contact has observed linguistic variations in transfer directionality in linguistic synesthesia. In other words, this study’s results show that Sino-Korean compound synesthesia has a directionality model similar to Mandarin Chinese, which differs from previous universality models. In contrast, native Korean compound synesthesia directionality follows diagrams from Korean synesthesia research and previous studies based on Indo-European languages.
The road home: intimacy with parents, trust, and depression
Authors: Zhang Yujie 
Published: July 2024

AbstractWithin the contemporary mental health discourse, the complex interplay of intimacy with parents, trust, and their collective impact on depression remains insufficiently explored, especially amid the merging of Western and Eastern sociocultural norms propelled by modernization, casting doubt on the foundational role of the family in individual psychological health. This study introduces a theoretical framework that merges attachment theory with modern societal shifts to clarify the intricate relationship between familial connections and individual mental health amidst changing social paradigms. Leveraging data from the 2018 and 2020 waves of the China Family Panel Studies, which included 3048 participants, this study utilizes ordered logistic regression to probe the subtle relationship between intimacy with parents and depression. Additionally, it employs Structural Equation Modeling to assess the mediating effects of five distinct dimensions of interpersonal trust, thus uncovering the complex linkages between intimacy with parents, trust, and depression. The results highlight the crucial role of intimacy with parents in mitigating depression, with trust in parents and neighbors identified as key mediators, while trust in strangers, local government officials, and physicians showed minimal mediating influence. These findings accentuate the critical importance of robust family and community bonds in addressing depression and call for a deeper understanding of trust’s role in both policymaking and clinical interventions. Despite the modern era’s trend towards individualism and greater mobility altering family structures and trust dynamics, the family remains an essential infrastructure and haven for individual intimacy, trust, and mental health, underscoring the subtle balance between modernity and tradition in societies undergoing transition.
Structural and magnetic properties of molecular beam epitaxy (MnSb2Te4)x(Sb2Te3)1−x topological materials with exceedingly high Curie temperature
Authors: Forrester Candice R. , Testelin Christophe , Wickramasinghe Kaushini , Levy Ido , Demaille Dominique , Hrabovsky David , Ding Xiaxin , Krusin-Elbaum Lia , Lopez Gustavo E. , Tamargo Maria C. 
Published: July 2024

Tuning the properties of magnetic topological materials is of interest to realize exotic physical phenomena, new quantum phases and quasiparticles, and topological spintronic devices. However, current topological materials exhibit Curie temperature (TC) values far below those needed for practical applications. In recent years, significant progress has been made to control and optimize TC, particularly through defect-engineering of these structures. Most recently, we reported TC values up to 80 K for (MnSb2Te4)x(Sb2Te3)1−x when 0.7 ≤ x ≤ 0.85 by controlling the composition x and the Mn content in these structures during molecular beam epitaxy growth. In this study, we show further enhancement of the TC, as high as 100 K, by maintaining high Mn content and reducing the growth rate from 0.9 nm/min to 0.5 nm/min. Derivative curves of the Hall resistance and the magnetization reveal the presence of two TC components contributing to the overall value and suggest TC1 and TC2 have distinct origins: excess Mn in MnSb2Te4 septuple layers (SLs) and high Mn content in Sb2−yMnyTe3 quintuple layer (QL) alloys, respectively. To elucidate the mechanisms promoting higher TC values in this system, we show evidence of enhanced structural disorder due to the excess Mn that occupies not only Sb sites but also Te sites, leading to the formation of a new crystal structure for these materials. Learning to control defects that enhance desired magnetic properties and understanding the mechanisms that promote high TC in magnetic topological materials such as (Mn1+ySb2−yTe4)x(Sb2−yMnyTe3)1−x is of great importance to achieve practical quantum devices.