bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fully coupled forward backward stochastic differential equations driven by
Lévy processes and application to differential games
Authors: Baghery Fouzia , Khelfallah Nabil , Mezerdi Brahim , Turpin Isabelle 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
We consider a fully coupled forward backward stochastic differential equation
driven by a Lévy processes having moments of all orders and an independent
Brownian motion. Under some monotonicity assumptions, we prove the existence
and uniqueness of solutions on an arbitrarily fixed large time duration. We use
this result to prove the existence of an open-loop Nash equilibrium point for
non-zero sum stochastic differential games.
Synthesis and molecular dynamics simulation of hyperbranched poly(amine-ester)/neodymium nanocomposites
Authors: Mo Zunli , Zhu Xiaobo , Liu Yanzhi , Guo Ruibin 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Fully atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to examine the static and dynamic characteristics of hyperbranched poly(amine-ester) (HPAE). In this work, use of G2, G3, and G4 HPAE as a template and stabilizer to prepare HPAE/neodymium (Nd) nanocomposites was studied. The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that Nd particles were deposited on the surface of HPAE within nanoscales, the size of nanoparticles was uniform, and there was better dispersion with high generation of hyperbranched polymer. Virtual Materiale software was applied to research the MD simulation of HPAE/Nd nanocomposites. The stability of the system and mechanism was studied from the perspective of molecular structure and energy change in canonical system (constant NVT). G4 HPAE is more suitable for use as template and stabilizer in MD simulation, which is consistent with experimental results.
Crystal structures of 1-hydroxylimidazole and imidazole 1-oxide derivatives
Authors: da Silva Ramon Borges , da Silva Edson Ferreira , Carvalho Samir Aquino , Fraga Carlos Alberto Manssour , Wardell Solange M.S.V. , Wardell James L. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The N-oxide or 1-hydroxy forms of four solid 1-hydroxy-5-(4-methyl-2-nitroimidazol-2-yl)-4-phenyl-2-(X-phenyl)-imidazole derivatives, 6, have been studied by X-ray crystallography. Compounds, (6: X=4-Br) and (6: X=2-O2N), both recrystallized from EtOH, and (6: X=4-F), recrystallized from EtOCH2CH2OH, were isolated in the 1-hydroxyimidazole form. In contrast, (6: X=H), recrystallized from EtOCH2CH2OH, was obtained in the imidazole N-oxide form. Two independent molecules, Mol A and Mol B, rotamers, are present in the asymmetric unit of the imidazole N-oxide compound, (6: X=H) and are linked into chains of alternating compounds, mainly by N–H···O hydrogen bonds, but also by N–H···N and C–H···O hydrogen bonds and π···π interactions. These chains are linked by other C–H···O and C–H···N hydrogen bonds and π···π interactions into a 3-D arrangement. In the 1-hydroxyimidazole compound, (6: X=2-O2N), classical hydrogen bonds, O1–H1···N3, are the major interactions linking molecules into C(5) chains: weak π···π stacking interactions also link the molecules within the chains. These chains are linked by C–H···O and hydrogen bonds and by N–O···π interactions into a three- dimensional array. The other 1-hydroxyimidazole compounds, (6: X=4-Br) and (6: X=4-F), have similar structures, which differ from that of (6: X=2-O2N). In (6: X=4-Br) and (6: X=4-F), pairs of classical O–H···N hydrogen bonds link molecules into symmetric dimers: these dimers are further stabilized by π···π interactions. Other intermolecular interactions found in both (6: X=4-Br) and (6: X=4-F) are C–H···O hydrogen bond and N–O···π interactions, which link the O–H···N hydrogen bonded dimers into a 3-dimensional array.
Fine Mapping and Evolution of the Major Sex Determining Region in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)
Authors: Taboada Xoana , Hermida Miguel , Pardo Belén G , Vera Manuel , Piferrer Francesc , Viñas Ana , Bouza Carmen , Martínez Paulino 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Fish sex determination (SD) systems are varied, suggesting evolutionary changes including either multiple evolution origins of genetic SD from nongenetic systems (such as environmental SD) and/or turnover events replacing one genetic system by another. When genetic SD is found, cytological differentiation between the two members of the sex chromosome pair is often minor or undetectable. The turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), a valuable commercial flatfish, has a ZZ/ZW system and a major SD region on linkage group 5 (LG5), but there are also other minor genetic and environmental influences. We here report refined mapping of the turbot SD region, supported by comparative mapping with model fish species, to identify the turbot master SD gene. Six genes were located to the SD region, two of them associated with gonad development (sox2 and dnajc19). All showed a high association with sex within families (P = 0), but not at the population level, so they are probably partially sex-linked genes, but not SD gene itself. Analysis of crossovers in LG5 using two families confirmed a ZZ/ZW system in turbot and suggested a revised map position for the master gene. Genetic diversity and differentiation for 25 LG5 genetic markers showed no differences between males and females sampled from a wild population, suggesting a recent origin of the SD region in turbot. We also analyzed associations with markers of the most relevant sex-related linkage groups in brill (S. rhombus), a closely related species to turbot; the data suggest that an ancient XX/XY system in brill changed to a ZZ/ZW mechanism in turbot.
Complex Cooperative Functions of Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans Shape Nervous System Development inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Díaz-Balzac Carlos A , Lázaro-Peña María I , Tecle Eillen , Gomez Nathali , Bülow Hannes E 
Published: August 2014

AbstractThe development of the nervous system is a complex process requiring the integration of numerous molecular cues to form functional circuits. Many cues are regulated by heparan sulfates, a class of linear glycosaminoglycan polysaccharides. These sugars contain distinct modification patterns that regulate protein–protein interactions. Misexpressing the homolog of KAL-1/anosmin-1, a neural cell adhesion molecule mutant in Kallmann syndrome, in Caenorhabditis elegans causes a highly penetrant, heparan sulfate–dependent axonal branching phenotype in AIY interneurons. In an extended forward genetic screen for modifiers of this phenotype, we identified alleles in new as well as previously identified genes involved in HS biosynthesis and modification, namely the xylosyltransferase sqv-6, the HS-6-O-sulfotransferase hst-6, and the HS-3-O-sulfotransferase hst-3.2. Cell-specific rescue experiments showed that different HS biosynthetic and modification enzymes can be provided cell-nonautonomously by different tissues to allow kal-1-dependent branching of AIY. In addition, we show that heparan sulfate proteoglycan core proteins that carry the heparan sulfate chains act genetically in a highly redundant fashion to mediate kal-1-dependent branching in AIY neurons. Specifically, lon-2/glypican and unc-52/perlecan act in parallel genetic pathways and display synergistic interactions with sdn-1/syndecan to mediate kal-1 function. Because all of these heparan sulfate core proteins have been shown to act in different tissues, these studies indicate that KAL-1/anosmin-1 requires heparan sulfate with distinct modification patterns of different cellular origin for function. Our results support a model in which a three-dimensional scaffold of heparan sulfate mediates KAL-1/anosmin-1 and intercellular communication through complex and cooperative interactions. In addition, the genes we have identified could contribute to the etiology of Kallmann syndrome in humans.
Reducing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: A Quality-Improvement Initiative
Authors: Davis Katherine Finn , Colebaugh Ann M. , Eithun Benjamin L. , Klieger Sarah B. , Meredith Dennis J. , Plachter Natalie , Sammons Julia Shaklee , Thompson Allison , Coffin Susan E. 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND:
Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are among the most common health care–associated infections in the United States, yet little is known about the prevention and epidemiology of pediatric CAUTIs.

METHODS:
An observational study was conducted to assess the impact of a CAUTI quality improvement prevention bundle that included institution-wide standardization of and training on urinary catheter insertion and maintenance practices, daily review of catheter necessity, and rapid review of all CAUTIs. Poisson regression was used to determine the impact of the bundle on CAUTI rates. A retrospective cohort study was performed to describe the epidemiology of incident pediatric CAUTIs at a tertiary care children’s hospital over a 3-year period (June 2009 to June 2012).

RESULTS:
Implementation of the CAUTI prevention bundle was associated with a 50% reduction in the mean monthly CAUTI rate (95% confidence interval: −1.28 to −0.12; P = .02) from 5.41 to 2.49 per 1000 catheter-days. The median monthly catheter utilization ratio remained unchanged; ∼90% of patients had an indication for urinary catheterization. Forty-four patients experienced 57 CAUTIs over the study period. Most patients with CAUTIs were female (75%), received care in the pediatric or cardiac ICUs (70%), and had at least 1 complex chronic condition (98%). Nearly 90% of patients who developed a CAUTI had a recognized indication for initial catheter placement.

CONCLUSIONS:
CAUTI is a common pediatric health care–associated infection. Implementation of a prevention bundle can significantly reduce CAUTI rates in children.
Identifying Very Preterm Children at Educational Risk Using a School Readiness Framework
Authors: Pritchard Verena E. , Bora Samudragupta , Austin Nicola C. , Levin Karelia J. , Woodward Lianne J. 
Published: August 2014

OBJECTIVES:
Children born very preterm (VPT) are at high risk of educational delay, yet few guidelines exist for the early identification of those at greatest risk. Using a school readiness framework, this study examined relations between preschool neurodevelopmental functioning and educational outcomes to age 9 years.

METHODS:
The sample consisted of a regional cohort of 110 VPT (≤32 weeks’ gestation) and 113 full-term children born during 1998–2000. At corrected age 4 years, children completed a multidisciplinary assessment of their health/motor development, socioemotional adjustment, core learning skills, language, and general cognition. At ages 6 and 9, children’s literacy and numeracy skills were assessed using the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement.

RESULTS:
Across all readiness domains, VPT children were at high risk of delay/impairment (odds ratios 2.5–3.5). Multiple problems were also more common (47% vs 16%). At follow-up, almost two-thirds of VPT children were subject to significant educational delay in either literacy, numeracy or both compared with 29% to 31% of full-term children (odds ratios 3.4–4.4). The number of readiness domains affected at age 4 strongly predicted later educational risk, especially when multiple problems were present. Receiver operating characteristic analysis confirmed ≥2 readiness problems as the optimal threshold for identifying VPT children at educational risk.

CONCLUSIONS:
School readiness offers a promising framework for the early identification of VPT children at high educational risk. Findings support the utility of ≥2 affected readiness domains as an effective criterion for referral for educational surveillance and/or additional support during the transition to school.
Hospitalizations for Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Greenbaum Adena H. , Chen Jufu , Reed Carrie , Beavers Suzanne , Callahan David , Christensen Deborah , Finelli Lyn , Fry Alicia M. 
Published: August 2014

BACKGROUND:
Hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) among children have been well characterized. We characterized hospitalizations for severe LRTI among children.

METHODS:
We analyzed claims data from commercial and Medicaid insurance enrollees (MarketScan) ages 0 to 18 years from 2007 to 2011. LRTI hospitalizations were identified by the first 2 listed International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision discharge codes; those with ICU admission and/or receiving mechanical ventilation were defined as severe LRTI. Underlying conditions were determined from out- and inpatient discharge codes in the preceding year. We report insurance specific and combined rates that used both commercial and Medicaid rates and adjusted for age and insurance status.

RESULTS:
During 2007–2011, we identified 16 797 and 12 053 severe LRTI hospitalizations among commercial and Medicaid enrollees, respectively. The rates of severe LRTI hospitalizations per 100 000 person-years were highest in children aged &lt;1 year (commercial: 244; Medicaid: 372, respectively), and decreased with age. Among commercial enrollees, ≥1 condition increased the risk for severe LRTI (1 condition: adjusted relative risk, 2.68; 95% confidence interval, 2.58–2.78; 3 conditions: adjusted relative risk, 4.85; 95% confidence interval, 4.65–5.07) compared with children with no medical conditions. Using commercial/Medicaid combined rates, an estimated 31 289 hospitalizations for severe LRTI occurred each year in children in the United States.

CONCLUSIONS:
Among children, the burden of hospitalization for severe LRTI is greatest among children aged &lt;1 year. Children with underlying medical conditions are at greatest risk for severe LRTI hospitalization.
Variation in Emergency Department Admission Rates in US Children’s Hospitals
Authors: Bourgeois Florence T. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Stack Anne M. , Neuman Mark I. 
Published: August 2014

OBJECTIVE:
To measure the hospital-level variation in admission rates for children receiving treatment of common pediatric illnesses across emergency departments (EDs) in US children’s hospitals.

METHODS:
We performed a multi-center cross sectional study of children presenting to the EDs of 35 pediatric tertiary-care hospitals participating in the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS). Admission rates were calculated for visits occurring between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2012, associated with 1 of 7 common conditions, and corrected to adjust for hospital-level severity of illness. Conditions were selected systematically based on frequency of visits and admission rates.

RESULTS:
A total of 1 288 706 ED encounters (13.8% of all encounters) were associated with 1 of the 7 conditions of interest. After adjusting for hospital-level severity, the greatest variation in admission rates was observed for concussion (range 5%–72%), followed by pneumonia (19%–69%), and bronchiolitis (19%–65%). The least variation was found among patients presenting with seizures (7%–37%) and kidney and urinary tract infections (6%–37%). Although variability existed in disease-specific admission rates, certain hospitals had consistently higher, and others consistently lower, admission rates.

CONCLUSIONS:
We observed greater than threefold variation in severity-adjusted admission rates for common pediatric conditions across US children’s hospitals. Although local practices and hospital-level factors may partly explain this variation, our findings highlight the need for greater focus on the standardization of decisions regarding admission.
Climate Change and Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae): Impacts of Temperature and Carbon Dioxide on Life History
Authors: Curnutte Levi B , Simmons Alvin M , Abd-Rabou Shaaban 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
Climate change is relevant to life around the globe. A rise in ambient temperature and carbon dioxide (CO2) may have various impacts on arthropods such as altered life cycles, modified reproductive patterns, and changes in distribution. The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a global pest responsible for significant losses of agricultural yields annually. This study was conducted to determine the impacts of changing temperature and CO2 levels on selected life history parameters of B. tabaci biotype B. Populations were established at three temperature regimes (25,28, and 33°C), and each population was evaluated in all three environments. Collard, Brassica oleracea ssp. acephala de Condolle (Brassicaceae), was used as the host. These results were based on data from 5 to ≈30 generations. Oviposition, nymphal survival, and reproduction were significantly affected by temperature, with net reproductive success declining to 36.4% at 33°C. Overall, 28°C was most favorable for whitefly fitness. However, the optimal temperature for B. tabaci reproduction may be between 28 and 33°C. There were no temperature effects on total nonstructural carbohydrate concentrations in collard, and impacts of the host plant on whitefly development in the different environments were determined to be minimal. An environment of enriched CO2 (750 ppm) was not observed to have an adverse effect on whitefly reproduction. Temperature was negatively correlated with adult body size. Length and width of males and females were affected by temperature. Data regarding population dynamics of B. tabaci in response to climate change are important for accurate predictions and improving management practices.
Mathematical Programming for Lot Sizing and Production Scheduling in Foundries
Authors: Duda J. , Stawowy A. , Basiura R. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The problem considered in the paper is motivated by production planning in a foundry equipped with the furnace and casting line, which provides a variety of castings in various grades of cast iron/steel for a large number of customers. The quantity of molten metal does not exceed the capacity of the furnace, the load is a particular type of metal from which the products are made. The goal is to create the order of the melted metal loads to prevent delays in delivery of goods to customers. This problem is generally considered as a lot-sizing and scheduling problem. The paper describes a mathematical programming model that formally defines the optimization problem and its relaxed version that is based on the conception of rolling-horizon planning.
Shape Errors, Internal Porosity, Linear Dimensions Accuracy and Allowances for the Machining of Castings Made in the Replicast CS Process
Authors: Haratym R. , Sieczka M. , Biernacki R. , Kwapisz J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
This research presents comprehensive assessment of the precision castings quality made in the Replicast CS process. The evaluation was made based on quality of the surface layer, shape errors and the accuracy of the linear dimensions. Studies were carried out on the modern equipment, among other things a Zeiss Calypso measuring machine and profilometer were used. Obtained results allowed comparing lost wax process models and Replicast CS process.
Effect of Microstructure of Fe-C-V Alloys on Selected Functional Properties
Authors: Kawalec M. , Kozana J. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The cast alloys crystallizing in Fe-C-V system are classified as white cast iron, because all the carbon is bound in vanadium carbides. High vanadium cast iron has a very high abrasion resistance due to hard VC vanadium carbides. However, as opposed to ordinary white cast iron, this material can be treated using conventional machining tools. This article contains the results of the group of Fe-C-V alloys of various microstructure which are been tested metallographic, mechanical using an INSTRON machine and machinability with the method of drilling. The study shows that controlling the proper chemical composition can influence on the type and shape of the crystallized matrix and vanadium carbides. This makes it possible to obtain a high-vanadium cast iron with very high wear resistance while maintaining a good workability.
Tribological Properties of AlSi11-SiCp Composite Castings Produced by Pressure Die Casting Method
Authors: Konopka Z. , Pasieka A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The measurement results concerning the abrasive wear of AlSi11-SiC particles composites are presented in paper. The method of preparing a composite slurry composed of AlSi11 alloy matrix and 10, 20% vol.% of SiC particles, as well as the method of its high-pressure die casting was described. Composite slurry was injected into metal mould of cold chamber pressure die cast machine and castings were produced at various values of the piston velocity in the second stage of injection, diverse intensification pressure values, and various injection gate width values. Very good uniform arrangement of SiC particles in volume composite matrix was observed and these results were publicated early in this journal. The kinetics of abrasive wear and correlation with SiC particles arrangement in composite matrix were presented. Better wear resistance of composite was observed in comparison with aluminium alloy. Very strong linear correlation between abrasive wear and particle arrangement was observed. The conclusion gives the analysis and the interpretation of the obtained results.
Analysis of the High Chromium Cast Iron Microstructure after the Heat Treatment
Authors: Kopyciński D. , Guzik E. , Siekaniec D. , Szczęsny A. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The article presents results of heat treatment on the high chromium cast iron. The study was carrying out on samples cut from the casting made from chromium cast iron. Those were hardened at different temperatures, then tempered and soft annealed. The heat treatment was performed in a laboratory chamber furnace in the Department of Engineering Alloys and Composites at Faculty of Foundry Engineering AGH. At each stage of the heat treatment the hardness was measured by Vickers and Rockwell methods, and the microscope images were done. Additionally based on images from the optical microscope the microstructure was assessed. Based on these results, the effect of hardening, tempering and soft annealing on the microstructure and hardness of high chromium cast iron was studied. Next the effects of different hardening temperatures on the properties of high chromium cast iron were compared. The study led to systemize the literature data of the parameters of heat treatment of high chromium cast iron, and optimal conditions for heat treatment was proposed for casts of similar properties and parameters.
Materials and Producers Base Operating in the CAPCAST System
Authors: Mrzygłód B. , Durak J. , Śmigiel D. , Daczyszyn K. 
Published: August 2014

Abstract
The article presents two modules operating in a hybrid CAPCAST system implemented in the Department of Applied Computer Science and Modelling, AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow. These are the modules: CAPCAST-base of producers and CAPCAST-base of materials. Registered producers may benefit from other modules of the system, the base can also be an independent source of knowledge about Polish foundries and their production capacity, and can serve as a kind of platform for the implementation of the basic functions of e-business. The base of materials can also be a source of knowledge about materials, and it allows searching and filtering the lists of materials in terms of user-selected attributes using a multi-level search engine. This module is integrated with the rest of the system and can be used by other modules. The system has been developed at the AGH Department of Applied Computer Science and Modelling in Cracow.