bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term efficacy of polydimethylsiloxane (Macroplastique®) injection for Mitrofanoff leakage after continent urinary diversion surgery
Authors: Kass‐iliyya Antoine , Rashid Tina G. , Citron Isabella , Foley Charlotte , Hamid Rizwan , Greenwell Tamsin J. , Shah P. Julian R. , Ockrim Jeremy L. 
Published: May 2014

ObjectiveTo assess the long‐term efficacy of polydimethylsiloxane (Macroplastique®) injection (MPI) in the treatment of Mitrofanoff leakage secondary to valve incompetence.Patients and MethodsBetween 1995 and 2012, the records of 24 consecutive patients who underwent MPI for Mitrofanoff urinary leakage after continent cutaneous urinary diversion (CCUD) surgery were examined. All patients had a valve deemed of sufficient length (>2 cm) to attempt Macroplastique coaptation. Treatment outcomes were divided into three categories based on physician assessment: success (dry), partial success (>50% reduction in incontinence pads) and failure. Success rates were assessed according to the type of reservoir and conduit channel.ResultsThe mean (range) follow‐up was 30 (6–96) months. One patient had initial difficulty catheterising, and subsequently required major revision surgery. In all, 12 patients (50%) failed the treatment and subsequently underwent operative revision to the channel. Three patients (12.5%) achieved complete success; one patient had an appendix channel through native bladder and the remaining two had Monti channels through colon. Nine patients (37.5%) had partial success; success rates were higher with appendix channels (four of six) and colonic reservoirs (six of seven) when compared with Monti channels (eight of 18, 44%) and ileal reservoirs (zero of two). Five of the nine patients with partial success eventually required further surgical revision for deteriorating continence at a mean (range) of 41 (14–96) months, whilst the other four have maintained sufficient continence with MPI alone.ConclusionMacroplastique bulking cured only 12.5% patients, but leakage was substantially improved in a further 37.5% allowing major surgery to be avoided or postponed in one half of the cohort. Appendix Mitrofanoffs do better than the Monti Mitrofanoff, with channels through colonic segments generally doing better than those through ileal bladders. MPI should be considered as a less invasive alternative to avoid or delay major reconstructive surgery.
The story of the PPO queen: the development and acceptance of a spoiled identity in child protection social work
Authors: Leigh Jadwiga 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe efficacy of child protection social work is regularly being questioned in the media as vociferous critics deride the profession for the apparent failings of its practitioners. This paper aims to examine the impact this hostility can have on practice and the relationship practitioners develop with their organization and subsequently the families they work with. By using autoethnography, a personal experience I encountered whilst working as a statutory social worker for an Emergency Duty Team will be explored in detail in order to analyse how discursive regimes can endorse and encourage particular ways of thinking and doing for social workers. I also intend to demonstrate that when workers operate in a risk averse environment, oppressive practices can develop subconsciously. These not only affect professionals’ values and assumptions but also fortify distance between the social worker and the client. If social work is to facilitate positive change in the current climate of uncertainty, then it is hoped that this story may enable both practitioners, and their critics, to recognize that being open to different forms of knowledge could lead to better outcomes for all involved.
Single implant‐supported crowns in the aesthetic zone: patient satisfaction with aesthetic appearance compared with appraisals by laypeople and dentists
Authors: Fava Joseph , Lin Mark , Zahran Mohammed , Jokstad Asbjorn 
Published: May 2014

AbstractObjectiveTo appraise the patients’ satisfaction with aesthetic outcomes following an implant restoration in the anterior maxilla as compared to appraisals made by dentists and laypeople.Material and methodsRandomly selected patients (n = 116) restored with an implant‐retained crown in the anterior maxilla were invited to rate their satisfaction with aesthetic outcomes using a questionnaire containing seven criteria, each graded from excellent to poor. Projected images of the patient smiles were appraised by dentists (n = 8) and laypeople (n = 6) using the same assessment criteria in a room setting. In addition, the laypeople judged the same cases on printed 10 × 15 cm photographs in a separate setting. Jemt papilla scores, pink aesthetic score (PES) and white esthetic score (WES) were assigned by the dentists. Differences in the levels of satisfaction between the patient, and appraisals by the dentists and the laypeople were compared using non‐parametric statistical tests.ResultsPatients’ opinions of their aesthetic appearance following the placement of a single implant‐supported crown in the aesthetic zone were in general very favourable. The laypeople were more critical than the dentists when the aesthetic outcomes were appraised on magnified images projected onto a screen. Laypeople became less critical when evaluating the aesthetic outcomes on printed photographs compared to appraisals on a screen. Patient satisfaction with their aesthetic appearance differed from dentists’ and laypeople's appraisals.ConclusionFactors other than the actual aesthetic outcome itself appear to influence patients’ satisfaction with their end results. Laypeople's appraisal is influenced by the magnification and method used for appraising the aesthetic outcomes.
Changes in circulating cytokines and markers of muscle damage in elite cyclists during a multi‐stage competition
Authors: Córdova Martínez Alfredo , Martorell Pons Miquel , Sureda Gomila Antoni , Tur Marí Josep A. , Pons Biescas Antoni 
Published: May 2014

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to determine the changes in the basal and post‐exercise plasma markers of muscular damage, lipid peroxidation and cytokines in eight male well‐trained semiprofessional cyclists, in response to a three consecutive‐day cycling competition. Serum markers of oxidative and muscular damage – creatine kinase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity, myoglobin and malondialdehyde (MDA), creatinine and nitrite levels – followed a sawtooth‐type representation throughout the competition. MDA showed an accumulative pattern, evidenced in the post‐race values of the third stage which were significantly higher with respect to the values of the first stage. Cortisol levels were significantly influenced by an interaction between the exercise and the stage factors, with higher values on the 4th day. Plasma cytokine levels were only determined before the first stage and post‐race, after the third stage. The exercise increased TNFα, IL6, IL2 and IFNγ levels, whereas IL1β was unchanged. In conclusion, cyclist stages induced oxidative and cellular muscle damage which is partially recovered to basal values by the next morning. Repetitive stages during the cycling competition accumulated plasma muscular damage and lipid peroxidation markers and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, probably as a result of local inflammatory responses.
Impaired metabolic control and socio‐demographic status in immigrant children at onset of Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Söderström U. , Samuelsson U. , Sahlqvist L. , Åman J. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to compare clinical and socio‐demographic conditions at the onset of Type 1 diabetes in children born to immigrant families and children born to Swedish families, and to assess whether those conditions had an impact on metabolic status.Methods and designThis was an observational nationwide population‐based matched cohort study on prospectively recorded registry data of all children with diabetes in Sweden and their families during 2000–2010. Out of a total of 13 415 children from the Swedish Childhood Diabetes Registry (SWEDIABKIDS), 879 children born to immigrant parents were collected. To these we added 2627 children with Swedish‐born parents, matched for gender, age and year of onset of Type 1 diabetes.ResultsThe proportion of low capillary pH (< 7.30) at onset was higher in the immigrant cohort [25.8% vs. 16.4% in the Swedish cohort (P < 0.001)]. HbA1c was also higher [95 mmol/mol (10.8%) vs. 88 mmol/mol (10.2%), respectively (P < 0.001)]. In a logistic regression model with low pH as the dependent variable, we were unable to reveal any significant association to socio‐demographic factors, but the odds ratio for HbA1c was 0.983 (95% CI 0.976–0.991) and for plasma glucose was 0.953 (95% CI 0.933–0.973).ConclusionChildren born to immigrant parents have lower capillary pH and higher HbA1c at diabetes onset. Immigrant families harbour lower socio‐demographic living conditions, but this fact does not seem to influence the inferior metabolic condition at diabetes onset.
Not all types of host contacts are equal when it comes to E. coli transmission
Authors: Blyton Michaela D.J. , Banks Sam C. , Peakall Rod , Lindenmayer David B. , Gordon David M. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractThe specific processes that facilitate pathogen transmission are poorly understood, particularly for wild animal populations. A major impediment for investigating transmission pathways is the need for simultaneous information on host contacts and pathogen transfer. In this study, we used commensal Escherichia coli strains as a model system for gastrointestinal pathogens. We combined strain‐sharing information with detailed host contact data to investigate transmission routes in mountain brushtail possums. Despite E. coli being transmitted via the faecal‐oral route, we revealed that, strain‐sharing among possums was better explained by host contacts than spatial proximity. Furthermore, and unexpectedly, strain‐sharing was more strongly associated with the duration of brief nocturnal associations than day‐long den‐sharing. Thus, the most cryptic and difficult associations to measure were the most relevant connections for the transmission of this symbiont. We predict that future studies that employ similar approaches will reveal the importance of previously overlooked associations as key transmission pathways.
Structural and biochemical characterization of the folyl‐poly‐γ‐l‐glutamate hydrolyzing activity of human glutamate carboxypeptidase II
Authors: Navrátil Michal , Ptáček Jakub , Šácha Pavel , Starková Jana , Lubkowski Jacek , Bařinka Cyril , Konvalinka Jan 
Published: May 2014

In addition to its well‐characterized role in the central nervous system, human glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII; Uniprot ID Q04609) acts as a folate hydrolase in the small intestine, participating in the absorption of dietary polyglutamylated folates (folyl‐n‐γ‐l‐glutamic acid), which are the provitamin form of folic acid (also known as vitamin B9). Despite the role of GCPII as a folate hydrolase, nothing is known about the processing of polyglutamylated folates by GCPII at the structural or enzymological level. Moreover, many epidemiologic studies on the relationship of the naturally occurring His475Tyr polymorphism to folic acid status suggest that this polymorphism may be associated with several pathologies linked to impaired folate metabolism. In the present study, we report: (a) a series X‐ray structures of complexes between a catalytically inactive GCPII mutant (Glu424Ala) and a panel of naturally occurring polyglutamylated folates; (b) the X‐ray structure of the His475Tyr variant at a resolution of 1.83 Å; (c) the study of the recently identified arene‐binding site of GCPII through mutagenesis (Arg463Leu, Arg511Leu and Trp541Ala), inhibitor binding and enzyme kinetics with polyglutamylated folates as substrates; and (d) a comparison of the thermal stabilities and folate‐hydrolyzing activities of GCPII wild‐type and His475Tyr variants. As a result, the crystallographic data reveal considerable details about the binding mode of polyglutamylated folates to GCPII, especially the engagement of the arene binding site in recognizing the folic acid moiety. Additionally, the combined structural and kinetic data suggest that GCPII wild‐type and His475Tyr variant are functionally identical.DatabaseStructural data have been deposited in the RCSB Protein Data Bank database under accession numbers 4MCS (GCPII‐His475Tyr‐glutamate), 4MCP (GCPII‐Glu424Ala‐FolGlu1), 4MCQ (GCPII‐Glu424Ala‐FolGlu2) and 4MCR (GCPII‐Glu424Ala‐FolGlu3).
Evolutionary predictors of mammalian home range size: body mass, diet and the environment
Authors: Tucker Marlee A. , Ord Terry J. , Rogers Tracey L. 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimMammalian home range patterns provide information on spatial behaviour and ecological patterns, such as resource use, that is often used by conservation managers in a variety of contexts. However, there has been little research on home range patterns outside of the terrestrial environment, potentially limiting the relevance of current home range models for marine mammals, a group of particular conservation concern. To address this gap, we investigated how variation in mammalian home range size among marine and terrestrial species was related to diet, environment and body mass.LocationGlobal.MethodsWe compiled data on home range size, environment (marine and terrestrial), diet and body mass from the literature and empirical studies to obtain a dataset covering 462 mammalian species. We then used phylogenetic regression analyses (to address non‐independence between species) to examine the relative contribution of these factors to variation of home range size among species.ResultsBody size explained the majority of the difference in home range size among species (53–85%), with larger species occupying larger home ranges. The type of food exploited by species was also an important predictor of home range size (an additional 15% of variation), as was the environment, but to a much lesser degree (1.7%).Main conclusionsThe factors contributing to the evolution of home ranges are more complex than has been assumed. We demonstrate that diet and body size both influence home range patterns but differ in their relative contribution, and show that colonization of the marine environment has resulted in the expansion of home range size. Broad‐scale models are often used to inform conservation strategies. We propose that future integrative models should incorporate the possibility of phylogenetic effects and a range of ecological variables, and that they should include species representative of the diversity within a group.
Persistent Migraine Aura: New Cases, a Literature Review, and Ideas About Pathophysiology
Authors: Thissen Sam , Vos Iris G. , Schreuder Tobien H. , Schreurs Wendy M.J. , Postma Linda A. , Koehler Peter J. 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundPersistent migraine aura without infarction (PMA) is a rare condition that is defined as an aura that lasts longer than 1 week in absence of infarction. Two types of PMA have been distinguished, notably persistent primary visual disturbance (PPVD) and typical aura (TA).ObjectivesThis case‐based review article describes four new cases of PMA as well as reviews all cases reported, trying to identify relevant associations, in particular with respect to functional investigations.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search, extending from the period when it was first described (1991) to March 2014. We included all case descriptions of which criteria for PMA formulated in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition, were met. In addition, we described four new cases.ResultsWe identified 47 cases of PMA, 27 PMA‐PPVD and 19 PMA‐TA. In one case, there was not enough information to define the type of PMA. The mean age of onset was 30 years, varying from 7 to 74 years. The duration of symptoms varied from 9 days to 28 years. Besides a longer duration in symptoms in the PMA‐PPVD group, we could not identify any differences between these groups. Some authors report occipital hypoactivity on Tc99m‐hexamethylpropylene amine oxime ‐single‐photon emission computed tomography (Tc99m‐HMPAO‐SPECT) or fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) in PMA cases, but data are inconsistent. Multiple drugs have been used for the treatment of PMA, usually with little effect. Lamotrigine seems to be the most effective drug.ConclusionDespite the fact that 47 cases of PMA have been reviewed in this paper, many questions remain. The cases that have been described so far show inconsistent data with respect to the results of functional studies as well as treatment effects. The pathophysiology of PMA is still largely a matter of conjecture.
Neck Pain Disability Is Related to the Frequency of Migraine Attacks: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Florencio Lidiane L. , Chaves Thaís C. , Carvalho Gabriela F. , Gonçalves Maria C. , Casimiro Elisangela C.B. , Dach Fabíola , Bigal Marcelo E. , Bevilaqua‐Grossi Débora 
Published: May 2014

BackgroundMigraine and neck pain can be critical causes of disability. The contribution of neck pain for the overall disability of individuals with migraine remains unknown.ObjectiveTo contrast the disability experienced by individuals with episodic and chronic migraine with and without neck pain as captured by the Neck Disability Index.MethodsDisability due to neck pain was assessed using the Neck Disability Index in individuals with episodic or chronic migraine seen at a university‐based headache center. Neck disability was defined as mild (score ranging from 5 to 14 points), moderate (15‐24 points), severe (25‐34 points) or complete (35 points or higher). To compare differences between groups, a chi‐square test was applied. Log‐binomial logistic regression was used to estimate disability as a function of headache status after adjustments for age, time since migraine onset, and headache intensity.ResultsSample consisted of 169 individuals, 104 with episodic migraine and 65 with chronic migraine. Any disability due to neck pain happened in 69% of those with episodic migraine, relative to 92% in chronic migraine (P < .001). Individuals with chronic migraine were at a significantly increased risk to have mild (RR = 2.5; CI 95% 1.1‐6.1), moderate (RR = 3.7; CI 95% 1.5‐8.8) and severe (RR = 5.1; CI 95%2.1‐11.9) cervical disability relative to those with episodic migraine. Relative risks remained significant after adjustments. Time since episodic or chronic migraine onset significantly influenced the model (P = .035), but age and headache intensity did not (P = .27; P = .46).ConclusionNeck pain significantly adds to the overall disability of individuals with episodic and chronic migraine.
Elevated carbon dioxide and ozone have weak, idiosyncratic effects on herbivorous forest insect abundance, species richness, and community composition
Authors: Hillstrom Michael L. , Couture John J. , Lindroth Richard L. 
Published: May 2014

Abstract

Elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide and tropospheric ozone pose important threats to the abundance, diversity, and composition of forest arthropod communities. In turn, modification of arthropod communities may alter forest health, productivity, and ecosystem services.

We studied the independent and interactive effects of elevated CO2 (eCO2) and elevated O3 (eO3) on the abundance, species richness, and community composition of herbivorous arthropods in stands of trembling aspen and paper birch at the Aspen Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) site in northern Wisconsin, USA. We conducted timed, visual surveys of canopy arthropods during each of the summers of 2005, 2006, and 2007.

We examined 26 983 arthropods on aspen and 8344 arthropods on birch across the fumigation treatments. Elevated CO2 and eO3 had species‐specific and temporally variable (i.e. idiosyncratic) effects on aspen and birch arthropod abundance and species richness. Weak, idiosyncratic effects of eCO2 and eO3 on herbivorous arthropod abundance and species richness did not significantly alter aspen arthropod community composition but occasionally altered birch insect community composition. Few interactive effects of CO2 and O3 were observed.

Growing evidence suggests that the effects of eCO2 and eO3 on communities of insects are difficult to predict because responses are generally weak and species‐ and time‐specific. Although studies to date suggest that impacts of future atmospheres on insect community metrics are likely to be minimal, the possibility remains that effects on particularly important or susceptible species may cascade to alter trophic interactions and, ultimately, ecosystem processes.
Nursing students' prosocial motivation: does it predict professional commitment and involvement in the job?
Authors: Nesje Kjersti 
Published: May 2014

AbstractAimThis study investigated how prosocial motivation reported by nursing students in their final year of academic studies relates to career commitment and job involvement three years after graduation.BackgroundMost studies investigating nurses' prosocial motivation for choosing the nursing profession examine only their prosocial motivation for entering nursing training; they do not investigate whether this motivation is associated with job involvement or commitment to the profession.DesignA longitudinal survey design was used.MethodThe present longitudinal study included 160 nurses. In their final academic year of spring 2007, the nurses received a questionnaire about their motivation for entering nursing. Three years after graduation, spring 2010, they received another questionnaire about their level of job involvement and career commitment.ResultsThe results showed that prosocial motivation measured in their last academic year was related to career commitment three years after graduation, but unrelated to job involvement.ConclusionThe results indicated that prosocial motivation is important in identifying with the profession but not necessarily for personal involvement in the job. The study gives important knowledge on how a commonly reported motivation for entering nursing relates to the nurses' attitudes about their work life.