bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morpho‐anatomical investigations of cones and pollen in Cathaya argyrophylla Chung & Kuang (Pinaceae, Coniferales) under systematical and evolutional aspects
Authors: Dörken Veit Martin , Nimsch Hubertus 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThe results of the morpho‐anatomical investigations show that seed‐ and pollen‐cones of Cathaya represent the typical bauplan for Pinaceae. Several features were found that suggest a closer relationship of Cathaya to Picea and Pinus on the one hand and also to Larix and Pseudotsuga on the other hand. However, the large pollen‐cones of Cathaya resemble in length and number of microsporangiophores those of Cedrus. Cathaya shows also features that are unique among recent Pinaceae like a sylleptic flush of shoots and seed‐cones. Also the absence of bud scales surrounding the seed‐cone and the special microstructure of the pollen grain surface are unique. These features suggest a rather isolate position for Cathaya among recent Pinaceae. Some anomalous microsporangiophores showing three instead of the typical two sporangia lead to the idea that the hyposporangiate microsporangiophores in Pinaceae might be structures derived from a former perisporangiate type as shown for Taxaceae. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A phylogeny of the tribe Caraganeae (Fabaceae) based on DNA sequence data from ITS
Authors: Ranjbar Massoud , Hajmoradi Fatemeh , Waycott Michelle , Van Dijk Kor‐jent 
Published: April 2015

AbstractA new subtribal classification of the Fabaceae‐Caraganeae is presented informed by phylogenetic reconstruction using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nr DNA) for 17 genera belonging to tribes Caraganeae, Galegeae and Astragaleae. Based on these results we propose to erect a new subtribe Chesneyinae Ranjbar, F. Hajmoradi and Waycott including Chesneya Lindl. ex Endl. and Guelden‐staedtia Fisch. and revise the membership of subtribe Caraganinae as comprising Caragana Fabr., Calophaca Fisch. and Halimodendron Fisch. ex DC. Subtribe Caraganinae is characterised by the shrub habit and paripinnate leaves whereas the herbaceous habit and imparipinnate leaves are characteristic of subtribe Chesneyinae. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Daily consumption of a mangosteen‐based drink improves in vivo antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory biomarkers in healthy adults: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial
Authors: Xie Zhuohong , Sintara Marsha , Chang Tony , Ou Boxin 
Published: April 2015

AbstractMangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) is a tropical fruit cultivated mainly in Southeast Asia. Recent studies have shown mangosteen has many health benefits. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of a mangosteen‐based beverage on antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory and immunity biomarkers in plasma of healthy adults. A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial was conducted using 60 participants, 30 men, and 30 women, ages 18–60. Participants were randomly divided into two groups, placebo and mangosteen groups, with the same number of male and female participants in each group. The trial duration was 30 days. ORAC as an antioxidant biomarker was measured in both groups. It was found that after the 30‐day trial, the group given the mangosteen‐based drink formula showed 15% more antioxidant capacity in the bloodstream than did the placebo group. As for the inflammatory biomarkers, in the mangosteen group, between the preintervention and postintervention, the C‐reactive protein level significantly decreased by 46%, while no significant decreases for the same biomarker was observed in the placebo group. Immunity biomarkers IgA, IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 were not affected in either group. In addition, the effects on hepatic function (Aspartate Aminotransferase and Alanine Aminotransferase) and kidney function (creatinine) were investigated. Our results indicated that after the 30‐day consumption of the beverage, there were no side effects on human hepatic and kidney functions. The outcome of this study showed that the mangosteen‐based formula significantly increases antioxidant capacity and possesses anti‐inflammatory benefits with no side effects on immune, hepatic, and renal functions for long‐term consumption.
Benefits and drawbacks of open partial horizontal laryngectomies, Part B: Intermediate and selected advanced stage laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Succo Giovanni , Crosetti Erika , Bertolin Andy , Lucioni Marco , Arrigoni Giulia , Panetta Valentina , Sprio Andrea E. , Berta Giovanni N. , Rizzotto Giuseppe 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundCancer of the larynx in the intermediate/advanced stage still presents a major challenge in terms of controlling the disease and preserving the organ. Among therapeutic options, open partial horizontal laryngectomy is proposed as a function‐sparing surgical technique.MethodsWe analyzed the clinical outcomes of 555 patients with laryngeal cancer staged pT3 to pT4a who underwent open partial horizontal laryngectomy.ResultsFive‐year overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), locoregional control, local control, laryngectomy‐free survival, and laryngeal function preservation rates were 84.6%, 84.2%, 86.3%, 90.6%, 93.3%, and 91.2%, respectively. DFS, locoregional control, and laryngeal function preservation rates were significantly affected by pT4a staging (68.1%, 71.7%, and 78.0%, respectively), whereas pN+ influenced only DFS (≤72.6%) and locoregional control (≤79.6%).ConclusionsOpen partial horizontal laryngectomy with a modular approach can be considered effective in terms of prognostic and functional results in intermediate‐stage and selected advanced‐stage laryngeal cancers, even with subglottic extension. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E649–E657, 2016
Salvage surgery for locally recurrent oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Patel Samip N. , Cohen Marc A. , Givi Babak , Dixon Benjamin J. , Gilbert Ralph W. , Gullane Patrick J. , Brown Dale H. , Irish Jonathan C. , de Almeida John R. , Higgins Kevin M. , Enepekides Danny , Huang Shao Hui , Waldron John , O'Sullivan Brian , Xu Wei , Su Susie , Goldstein David P. 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere are limited data on whether recurrent human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is associated with higher surgical salvage rates. The purpose of this study was to determine the success rate of salvage surgery for locally recurrent oropharyngeal cancer and factors influencing the outcome, including p16 status.MethodsAll patients who underwent salvage surgery for locally recurrent or persistent oropharyngeal cancer after (chemo)radiotherapy between 2000 and 2012 were included. The Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to determine overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS). Univariable analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression.ResultsThirty‐four patients underwent salvage surgery. Five patients (14.7%) were tracheostomy dependent and 22 (64.7%) were gastrostomy tube dependent after salvage surgery. Postoperative complications occurred in 15 patients. RFS after salvage surgery was 28% and 19% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. The presence of nodal disease at the time of local recurrence, close or positive margins, and lymphovascular invasion were the only factors associated with worse survival on univariable analysis. HPV status based on p16 testing was not associated with either OS or RFS.ConclusionSurgical salvage for oropharyngeal SCC after failure of radiotherapy (+/‐ chemotherapy) is feasible. Patients who may benefit from surgery include those without regional recurrence and/or those in whom negative margins can be obtained. However, patients may be tracheotomy or gastrostomy tube dependent. The p16 status did not seem to have prognostic impact in the salvage setting; however, larger series are required to assess this relationship. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E658–E664, 2016
A hydrologic assessment of a saline‐spring fen in the Athabasca oil sands region, Alberta, Canada – a potential analogue for oil sands reclamation
Authors: Wells Corey M. , Price Jonathan S. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractCanada's post‐mined oil sands will have a higher concentration of salts compared with freshwater peatlands that dominate the landscape. While rare, naturally occurring saline wetlands do exist in Alberta's Boreal Plains and may function as analogues for reclamation, however, little is known about their hydrology. This paper investigates the geochemical and hydrologic characteristics of a natural saline‐spring peatland in Alberta's oil sands region. The fen is located within a saline groundwater discharge area connected to the erosional edge of the Grand Rapids Formation. Na+(195–25,680 mgl−1) and Cl−(1785–56,249 mg l−1) were the dominant salts, and the fen transitioned sharply to freshwater along its margins because in part of subsurface mineral ridges that restricted shallow groundwater exchange. Salinity decreased from hypersaline to brackish along the local groundwater flow path but no active spring outlets were observed over the two‐year study. Vertical groundwater discharge was minimal because of the very low permeability of the underlying sediments. Subsurface storage was exceeded during periods of high flow, resulting in flooding and surface runoff that was enhanced by the ephemerally connected pond network. These findings have implications for reclamation, as mechanisms such as subsurface mineral ridges may function as effective saline groundwater‐control structures in the post‐mined environment. Incorporating saline wetlands into regional monitoring networks will help to better quantify natural discharge, which has implications for belowground wastewater storage related toin situbitumen extraction. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PRENATAL REFLECTIVE FUNCTIONING IN PRIMIPAROUS WOMEN WITH A HIGH‐RISK PROFILE
Authors: Smaling Hanneke J.A. , Huijbregts Stephan C.J. , Suurland Jill , Van Der Heijden Kristiaan B. , Van Goozen Stephanie H.M. , Swaab Hanna 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTThe concept of maternal reflective functioning (RF) has been gaining increasing interest as a possible intermediate mechanism in associations between a wide range of psychosocial risk factors and poor child outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to determine which psychosocial risk factors are linked to prenatal RF in a high‐risk (HR) group of primiparous women. Differences in prenatal RF between the HR group and a low‐risk (LR) control group also were examined. The sample consisted of 162 women (M = 22.22 years, SD = 2.39; 83 classified as HR). RF was coded from the Pregnancy Interview (A. Slade, 2007a). Risk status was assessed by means of the Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview‐plus (M.I.N.I.‐plus; D.V. Sheehan et al., 1997) and several questionnaires. HR women demonstrated significantly lower RF quality than did the LR group. Regression analyses indicated that maternal education, size of social support network, and substance use during pregnancy were the strongest predictors of prenatal RF for the HR group. The results suggest that maternal RF potentially could be an important target for those prevention and intervention programs that aim to reduce adverse psychosocial development in offspring of HR mothers.
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting: Attitudes of Australian Hospital Pharmacists and Doctors
Authors: Nita Yunita , Batty Kevin T , Plumridge Richard J 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAimTo determine the level of knowledge of the Australian adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting system in hospital pharmacists and doctors, and the factors that influence ADR reporting.MethodA self‐administered anonymous, postal questionnaire was sent to 803 doctors in Western Australia and 1323 hospital pharmacists between June and September 2001.ResultsResponse rates from doctors and pharmacists were 35% and 43%, respectively. Pharmacists were more likely than doctors to know how to report ADRs (98% vs 57%; p < 0.001) and to support screening of ADR reports before submission to the Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee (ADRAC) (80% vs 68%; p = 0.003). Factors that encouraged ADR reporting were serious or unusual ADRs or reactions to new drugs. Factors that discouraged ADR reporting were trivial or well known reactions, an uncertain association or insufficient time. Hypothetical ADRs (n = 10) that should have been reported to ADRAC were more likely to be reported by pharmacists (mean = 6.6; 95% CI = 6.4–6.7) than doctors (mean = 5.2; 95% CI = 4.9–5.5; p < 0.001).ConclusionHospital pharmacists are familiar with the ADR reporting system and are more likely than doctors to report ADRs to ADRAC. An appropriately resourced team approach could reduce barriers to ADR reporting and improve the quality and quantity of post‐marketing surveillance data in Australia.
Evaluation of a Weight‐Based Heparin Dosing Protocol
Authors: Slader Simon AA , Welch Susan A , Finckh Andrew , Brien Jo‐anne E 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAimTo describe the anticoagulant effect, as assessed by initial activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) results and time taken to reach the target APTT range, using a weight‐based heparin protocol. A secondary aim was to assess the level of concordance with the protocol.MethodRecords of 50 patients admitted to the coronary care unit via the emergency department during a relevant 2‐month period with a preliminary diagnosis of unstable angina, myocardial infarction, chest pain or ischaemic heart disease and commenced on intravenous heparin, were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsThe initial APTT was documented for 98% (49/50) of patients. The proportion of initial APTTs > 100 seconds was 12% (6/49). Initial APTTs were within the therapeutic range (60–85 seconds) for 27% (13/49) of patients. The initial APTT was subtherapeutic (< 60 seconds) in 47% (23/49) of patients. The median time to a therapeutic APTT was 12.2 hours and the median time to the first measurement of APTT was 7.3 hours. The heparin order documented on the medication chart was concordant with the protocol 36% (18/50) of the time. There was no patient weight recorded on the medication chart 28% (14/50) of the time, and an incorrect starting heparin rate prescribed 18% (9/50) of the time. The desired APTT range was specified in 74% (37/50) of records reviewed. Overall, the rate was adjusted according to the protocol 70% (35/50) of the time.ConclusionThe evaluation of application of the weight‐based heparin protocol has identified opportunities for practice improvement. Subsequent interventions include linking heparin prescribing protocol details with the existing electronic information systems at the point‐of ‐care.
Evaluation of Drug Use Indicators in Private Hospitals
Authors: Jackson John K , Boyd Roger GD , Mackey Paul F 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundIndicators to assess and improve the quality use of medicines have been published but not specifically evaluated in the private hospital sector.AimTo assess the applicability of the New South Wales Therapeutic Advisory Group drug use indicators in private hospitals.MethodStandard criteria were used in 13 private hospitals to assess the applicability of the complete set of process indicators plus a selection of the impact and outcome indicators.ResultsThe majority of the process indicators were useful, however, there was wide variation in the extent to which the activities described by the various indicators had been implemented. Most facilities reported little difficulty in using the impact and outcome indicators that they chose to assess, although some hospitals were not able to apply particular indicators due to staffing factors, types of patients or service capability. Inhibiting factors included the absence of employed medical personnel, inadequate patient numbers and the level of clinical pharmacy service.ConclusionThe New South Wales Therapeutic Advisory Group drug use indicators are applicable in the private hospital sector although there are limitations due to the nature of some private hospitals. Continued use of indicators is recommended and modification of some indicators may be beneficial.
Evaluation of a Drug Information Service in a South Indian Teaching Hospital
Authors: Rao Padma GM , Gore Sapna , V Deepa 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAimTo evaluate the service provided by a drug information centre in a teaching hospital in Manipal, India.MethodRecords of drug information responses were analysed over a 6‐month period. Inquiries were categorised by type and resources required. A random selection of 50 responses (25 judgmental and 25 non‐judgmental) was rated for quality according to international guidelines. To evaluate outcomes, a feedback questionnaire was distributed to hospital clinicians.Results395 inquires were received. Most were from physicians and were received during ward rounds. The most common questions related to adverse reactions (25%), drug therapy (22%) and dosage or administration (11%). Tertiary resources (textbooks) were used to answer 62% of inquiries. All non‐judgmental responses were of acceptable quality (rating 3 or more). 22 of the 25 judgmental questions were rated as ‘good’ to ‘excellent’ and the other 3 were ‘adequate‘. 50 of 75 (67%) feedback questionnaires were returned. 90% of respondents were aware of the centre and 97% had received an appropriate answer within an acceptable time.ConclusionThe drug information centre was well used by health professionals and provided a high level of service. There was some scope for improvement with judgmental questions.
Superwarfarin Poisoning
Authors: Eaton Vaughn , Kaesler Sally B 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTA 36‐year‐old female presented to hospital with a significantly elevated international normalised ratio (INR). In the following days, her INR continued to fluctuate after repeated doses of parenteral phytomenadione (vitamin K1), fresh frozen plasma and Prothrombinex (human coagulation factors II, IX and X). The patient denied taking warfarin, which was confirmed by a standard plasma warfarin assay. A range of tests were performed and 18 days after admission, brodifacoum was isolated from her blood. Brodifacoum is the commonest type of ‘superwarfarin’; a rodenticide developed in the 1970s to overcome warfarin resistance in rats. Treatment of ‘superwarfarin’ ingestion includes monitoring of INR and treatment with phytomenadione as the coagulopathy may persist for months.1–3 Common causes of ‘superwarfarin’ poisoning include accidental ingestion (usually in children),1,4,5 attempted suicide1,3,6,7 and deliberate self‐poisoning with denial (Munchausen syndrome).1,8
Stability of Flucloxacillin in Elastomeric Infusion Devices
Authors: Carroll Julia A 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundStability of antibiotic infusion solutions must be maintained for home infusion therapy. No published data were available to support extended stability of flucloxacillin infusions during storage and administration via elastomeric infusion devices.AimTo determine the stability of high‐dose flucloxacillin in 10 mL/h elastomeric infusion devices after storage for 6 days at 2–8 °C and then temperatures expected during administration.MethodThree infusors were prepared for each arm of the study. Each contained 12 g flucloxacillin diluted to 240 mL with 0.9% sodium chloride. Flucloxacillin concentrations were determined after storage at 2–8 °C for 6 days, 2–8 °C for 6 days and then 31 °C for up to 24 hours, and 2–8 °C for 6 days, 31 °C for 17 hours and then 37 °C for 7 hours.ResultsFlucloxacillin retained 94% of the initial concentration after 6 days at 2–8 °C and at 31 °C for 24 hours but only 87% when the temperature was raised to 37 °C for 7 hours.ConclusionFlucloxacillin at a nominal concentration of 50 g/L is stable in elastomeric infusion devices at 2–8 °C for 6 days and then at 31 °C for 24 hours.
Lithium Erythrocyte Concentration and Neurological Toxicity in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Ahmadi‐Abhari Seyed Ali , Farhoodian Ali , Noroozian Maryam , Ghaeli Padideh , Dashti‐Khavidaki Simin , Sadeghi Mandana , Dehpour Ahmad‐Reza , Fahimi Fanak 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAimTo investigate the relationship between lithium‐induced neurotoxicity and plasma lithium concentration, erythrocyte lithium concentration, and lithium ratio.MethodThe relationship between lithium‐induced adverse effects and three laboratory indices (plasma lithium concentration, erythrocyte lithium concentration, lithium ratio) were assessed in 18 patients with bipolar type 1 disorder. Adverse effects after 6 weeks therapy were assessed with the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS1–4), Abnormal Involuntary Movement (AIMS) and Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and the clinical evaluation of tandem walk, rapid alternative test, tremor, myoclonus and muscle force.ResultsMedian erythrocyte lithium concentration in patients with increased or new incidence of impaired rapid alternative test was significantly high. Changes in ESRS1, ESRS4 and total ESRS had positive correlations with erythrocyte and plasma lithium concentrations. ESRS2 and AIMS had better correlations with erythrocyte lithium concentrations. There was no relationship between erythrocyte concentration, plasma concentration or lithium ratio and worsening of tremor, reduced muscular tone, myoclonus or impaired tandem walk.ConclusionLithium erythrocyte concentration may help to predict susceptibility to neurological toxicity better than plasma concentration. This could help identify patients who will not be good candidates for lithium due to predictable adverse effects.
Impact of Increased Clinical Pharmacy Activities
Authors: Toh Cjeng T , Lam Skip S , Leung Benjamin K 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTAimTo assess the impact of increased time spent on clinical pharmacy activities in an Australian hospital.MethodDuring the control period, a pharmacist provided both clinical services and discharge dispensing to a 30‐bed medical ward and a 15‐bed surgical ward. In the test period, the same pharmacist provided only clinical services to the medical ward. The number and type of clinical interventions for patients in the medical ward were compared for the two periods.ResultsThe number of patients discharged, mean length of stay and total number of discharge drug orders were similar in the control and test periods (96 vs 97, 6.4 vs 7.0, 635 vs 633 respectively). The profile, type and complexity of patients in both groups were also similar. In the test period, clinical interventions increased by 57%, the time from admission to first pharmacist interview was reduced from 3.51 (SD 4.10) to 1.28 (SD 1.30) days (p < 0.005), clinical interventions were resolved earlier at pharmacist admission interviews (50% vs 28%, p < 0.001) and inpatient pharmacist rounds (28% vs 2%), resulting in fewer clinical interventions (19% vs 71%, p < 0.001) at discharge. The commonest types of clinical interventions were drugs not prescribed when clinically indicated and prescribing of incorrect doses or strength.ConclusionAn improved pharmacist‐to ‐bed ratio resulted in patients receiving correct drug therapies earlier in their inpatient stay. Fewer clinical interventions encountered at discharge facilitated the dispensing process.
Community Education Program on Oral Antidiabetes Medicines
Authors: Hogue Valerie W , Lee Euni 
Published: April 2015

ABSTRACTMore than 8 million Americans have been diagnosed with diabetes. Healthy People 2010, a health prevention initiative in the US, included an objective to increase the proportion of people with diabetes who receive formal diabetes education. Consistent with the national objective, a program was developed to provide education on self‐management of the disease and to improve patient knowledge of oral antidiabetes medicines at a community pharmacy health education resource centre in Washington DC. Difficulties in providing comprehensive education on oral antidiabetes medicines with existing diabetes education programs are discussed. The content, sequence of the educational program, and the components of additional pharmaceutical care services are also described.