bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mirror of Time: Temporality and Contemporaneity in the work of Jorge Luis Borges
Authors: Donnelly Jennifer 
Published: March 2013

Borges recognized the cracking facade of modernity and the fragility of its monist absolutisms, its commitment to linearity, and its faith in historical progress. By disavowing the ability of time to be contained within any collective structure of representation, Borges both refutes modernist conceptions of time and offers insight into recent theories of contemporaneity. A contemporaneous reading of Borges opens lucid temporal relationships, challenges assumptions about the affinities between the self and time, allows for the existence of multiple temporal antimonies, and ultimately reveals the contemporaneous relationship between individual sensations of time of the collective structural composition of temporality.
The Microarchitecture ofC. elegansBehavior during Lethargus: Homeostatic Bout Dynamics, a Typical Body Posture, and Regulation by a Central Neuron
Authors: Iwanir Shachar , Tramm Nora , Nagy Stanislav , Wright Charles , Ish Daniel , Biron David 
Published: February 2013

AbstractStudy Objectives:The nematode C. elegans develops through four larval stages before it reaches adulthood. At the transition between stages and before it sheds its cuticle, it exhibits a sleep-like behavior during a stage termed lethargus. The objectives of this study were to characterize in detail behavioral patterns and physiological activity of a command interneuron during lethargus.Measurements and Results:We found that lethargus behavior was composed of bouts of quiescence and motion. The duration of individual bouts ranged from 2 to 100 seconds, and their dynamics exhibited local homeostasis: the duration of bouts of quiescence positively correlated with the duration of bouts of motion that immediately preceded them in a cAMP-dependent manner. In addition, we identified a characteristic body posture during lethargus: the average curvature along the body of L4 lethargus larvae was lower than that of L4 larvae prior to lethargus, and the positions of body bends were distributed non-uniformly along the bodies of quiescent animals. Finally, we found that the AVA interneurons, a pair of backward command neurons, mediated locomotion patterns during L4 lethargus in similar fashion to their function in L4 larvae prior to lethargus. Interestingly, in both developmental stages backward locomotion was initiated and terminated asymmetrically with respect to AVA intraneuronal calcium concentration.Conclusions:The complex behavioral patterns during lethargus can be dissected to quantifiable elements, which exhibit rich temporal dynamics and are actively regulated by the nervous system. Our findings support the identification of lethargus as a sleep-like state.
Disturbed Dreaming and the Instability of Sleep: Altered Nonrapid Eye Movement Sleep Microstructure in Individuals with Frequent Nightmares as Revealed by the Cyclic Alternating Pattern
Authors: Simor Péter , Bódizs Róbert , Horváth Klára , Ferri Raffaele 
Published: February 2013

AbstractStudy Objectives:Nightmares are disturbing mental experiences during sleep that usually result in abrupt awakenings. Frequent nightmares are associated with poor subjective sleep quality, and recent polysomnographic data suggest that nightmare sufferers exhibit impaired sleep continuity during nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Because disrupted sleep might be related to abnormal arousal processes, the goal of this study was to examine polysomnographic arousal-related activities in a group of nightmare sufferers and a healthy control group.Design:Sleep microstructure analysis was carried out by scoring the cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) in NREM sleep and the arousal index in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep on the second night of the polysomnographic examination.Setting:Hospital-based sleep research laboratory.Participants:There were 17 in the nightmare (NMs) group and 23 in the healthy control (CTLs) group.Interventions:N/A.Measurements and Results:The NMs group exhibited reduced amounts of CAP A1 subtype and increased CAP A2 and A3 subtypes, as well as longer duration of CAP A phases in comparison with CTLs. Moreover, these differences remained significant after controlling for the confounding factors of anxious and depressive symptoms. The absolute number and frequency of REM arousals did not differ significantly between the two groups.Conclusions:The results of our study indicate that NREM sleep microstructure is altered during nonsymptomatic nights of nightmares. Disrupted sleep in the NMs group seems to be related to abnormal arousal processes, specifically an imbalance in sleep-promoting and arousing mechanisms during sleep.
La perception du poker selon les joueurs adeptes : un jeu qui les distingue
Authors: Dufour1 Magali , Petit Séverine , Brunelle Natacha 
Published: February 2013

Présentement, le jeu de hasard et d’argent (JHA) gagnant le plus de popularité est le poker. Malgré les nombreux adeptes, peu de données scientifiques sur les habitudes de jeu des joueurs de poker et sur leur perception de ce loisir sont disponibles. Afin de décrire la perception qu’ont les joueurs de poker de leur activité, des entretiens qualitatifs ont été réalisés auprès de 20 d’entre eux. L’analyse des verbatims a permis de faire ressortir différents thèmes quant à leur vision des autres JHA, leur vision du poker, les différences entre les modalités du poker, le rôle du poker dans leur vie et les qualités nécessaires pour être un bon joueur de poker. À la lumière des expériences rapportées par les interviewés, trois grands constats se dégagent : 1) le poker est un jeu qui se distingue des autres JHA par plusieurs aspects ; 2) l’aspect légal ou illégal de l’activité ne semble pas faire partie des préoccupations des joueurs ; 3) la vision des joueurs de poker de leur activité est distincte de celle de leurs proches. Malgré les limites de cette étude, le discours des participants souligne bien les spécificités du monde du poker.
Effect of concurrent use of anti‐retroviral therapy and levonorgestrel sub‐dermal implant for contraception on CD4 counts: a prospective cohort study in Kenya
Authors: Hubacher David , Liku Jennifer , Kiarie James , Rakwar Joel , Muiruri Peter , Omwenga Jackline , Chen Pai‐Lien 
Published: March 2013

IntroductionSimultaneous use of contraceptive hormones and anti‐retroviral therapy (ART) may theoretically lessen the effectiveness of both. Women on ART need assurance that hormonal contraception is safe and effective. The sub‐dermal implant is an ideal product to study: low and steady progestin release and no adherence uncertainties. We sought to determine if the medications’ effectiveness is compromised.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study among women on first line ART (stavudine or zidovudine and lamivudine+nevirapine). We recruited new implant users and matched them to women not using hormonal contraception, based on age and baseline CD4. Participants were followed prospectively for up to two years, recording serial CD4 measures and medical histories. We used generalized growth curve models and Wald chi‐square tests to compare changes in CD4 counts across study groups. Prospective CD4 measures were censored (excluded) if any of the following events occurred: change in ART, implant removal or use of any hormonal contraception among controls. We examined incidence of opportunistic infection and pregnancy.ResultsWe matched 48 implant users to 33 non‐hormonal controls. Over time, CD4 counts for both groups rose slightly but did not deviate significantly from each other (p=0.44). Opportunistic infection rates did not differ between the groups. None of the implant users and one of the non‐hormonal controls became pregnant during follow‐up.ConclusionsThis small study found concurrent use of contraceptive implants and ART to be safe and effective. Although other hormonal contraceptive products and ART regimens may interact in unknown ways, the results of this study are reassuring.
Occupational health outcomes for workers in the agriculture, forestry and fishing sector: Implications for immigrant workers in the southeastern US
Authors: Quandt Sara A. , Kucera Kristen L. , Haynes Courtney , Klein Bradley G. , Langley Ricky , Agnew Michael , Levin Jeffrey L. , Howard Timothy , Nussbaum Maury A. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBackgroundWorkers in the Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (AgFF) sector experience exposures directly related to the work itself, as well as the physical environment in which the work occurs. Health outcomes vary from immediate to delayed, and from acute to chronic.MethodsWe reviewed existing literature on the health outcomes of work in the AgFF sector and identified areas where further research is needed to understand the impact of these exposures on immigrant Latino workers in the southeastern US.ResultsOutcomes related to specific body systems (e.g., musculoskeletal, respiratory) as well as particular exposure sources (e.g., pesticides, noise) were reviewed. The most extensive evidence exists for agriculture, with a particular focus on chemical exposures. Little research in the southeastern US has examined health outcomes of exposures of immigrant workers in forestry or fisheries.ConclusionAs the AgFF labor force includes a growing number of Latino immigrants, more research is needed to characterize a broad range of exposures and health outcomes experienced by this population, particularly in forestry and fisheries. Am. J. Ind. Med. 56:940–959, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of highly degraded high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) on processing and mechanical properties of wood flour‐HDPE composites
Authors: Kazemi‐Najafi Saeed , Englund Karl R. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe influence of highly degraded high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) on physical, rheological, and mechanical properties of HDPE‐wood flour composites was studied. For this purpose, the virgin HDPE was subjected to accelerated weathering under controlled conditions for 200 and 400 h. The virgin and exposed HDPE and pine wood flour were compounded to produce wood flour‐HFPE composites. The results showed that the accelerated weathering highly degraded HDPE. Degradation created polar functional carbonyl groups and also produced extensive cross‐linking in HDPE and consequently poor processibility. The interruptions in the flow characteristics of the degraded HDPE potentially caused processing hurdles when using them for extrusion or injection molding manufacturing as only small part (10%) of virgin HDPE could be replaced by highly degraded HDPE for wood flour‐HDPE composite manufacturing. The mechanical properties of composites containing highly degraded HDPEs were similar to the composites with virgin HDPE and in some cases they exhibited superior properties, with the exception being with the impact strength. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Dielectric properties of Ag@C/PVDF composites
Authors: Kuang Xiwen , Liu Zhe , Zhu Hong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe core–shell Ag@C nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method. The silver cores with diameters from 100 to 120 nm are each covered with a carbon shell about 60–80‐nm thick. Ag@C/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composites were prepared by the solution cast method. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the Ag@C core–shell nanoparticles were dispersed homogenously in the PVDF matrix with little agglomeration. The crystallization behavior and dielectric properties of the Ag@C/PVDF composites as a function of frequency and temperature were studied. The differential scanning calorimeter measurements showed that the crystallinity of the Ag@C/PVDF composites decreased with the increasing content of the Ag@C nanoparticles. The dielectric tests showed that the permittivity of the Ag@C/PVDF composites increased obviously over that of the pure PVDF with increasing content of Ag@C particles because of the enhanced interfacial polarization. The tan δ of the composites remained at a low level (∼0.08 at 1000 Hz). Furthermore, the permittivity and the tan δ of the composites increased with increasing temperature. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Phase morphology and dynamic mechanical behavior for MIS toughened polyvinyl chloride
Authors: Wang Hai Ling , Tan Hong Sheng , Li Yu Jie , Yu Yuan Zhang 
Published: March 2013

AbstractGraft copolymers of isoprene (Is), styrene (St), and methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomers (MIS) with typical core–shell structure were synthesized by seed emulsion polymerization and used as a toughening agent for preparation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/MIS blends. The St and MMA monomers were separately grafted on the cross‐linked poly‐isoprene rubber core. The toughness, sub‐micro‐morphology, and dynamic mechanical behavior of the blends were characterized by impact machine, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic mechanical analyzer. The results showed that the impact strength of the blends was optimized when the content of MIS in PVC/MIS blends was kept at a constant value of 8 wt %, while the content of Is in MIS was 70 wt %. SEM morphologies of impact fractured surface showed that the PVC/MIS blends were typical ductile fracture because of the toughness effect of rubber particles, which correlated well with the mechanical properties. Under the same rubber content condition, the curves of the dynamic mechanical behavior of MIS toughened PVC blends appeared a more obvious rubber peak, indicating that the rubber content of MIS was higher than that of methyl methacrylate–butadiene–styrene (MBS), which explained the better toughening effect of MIS compared with MBS. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Cellulose filter coated with m‐aramid for water disinfection
Authors: Kim Sam Soo , Kim Minji , Lee Jaewoong 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCellulose filters were dipped and padded with m‐aramid dissolved in N,N‐dimethylacetamide followed by coagulation in distilled water. The coated filters were then chlorinated in a hypochlorite solution. The liquid permeability of the m‐aramid‐coated cellulose filters was examined. The resulting chlorinated and unchlorinated filters were assessed for their ability to disinfect contaminated water. The chlorinated m‐aramid‐coated cellulose filter produced 5 log reductions of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which was much higher than that observed on the unchlorinated m‐aramid‐coated cellulose filter. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Characterization of silica/PET antiglare films using image analysis and dynamic dispersity index
Authors: Sul In Hwan , Song Young Seok 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis article proposes an advanced theoretical framework that quantitatively evaluates dispersion state of silica beads of a PET‐based antiglare film. The positional randomness of bead dispersion is expressed via a single scalar value, the dynamic dispersity index. The static dispersity index definition based on molecular dynamics, which was proposed in our previous work, was improved with a pseudo‐relaxation algorithm. PET‐based antiglare films, which had the variable degree of particle dispersion, were used for the verification together with graphically drawn artificial bead images. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Photo‐induced protonation and conductivity of polyaniline/poly(ethylene glycol) and polyaniline/[poly(ethylene glycol)‐grafted polyaniline] composites
Authors: Alber Candace , Shi Zheng , Johns Valentine K. , Lafave Sarah , Liao Yi 
Published: March 2013

AbstractComposites of polyaniline in its emeraldine base form (PANI‐EB) and photo‐acid generators (PAG) show an increase in conductivity upon photo‐irradiation due to the protonation of PANI‐EB. Such materials may be utilized to fabricate conducting patterns by photo‐irradiation. However, the conductivity obtained by direct irradiation of PANI‐EB/PAG composites was normally quite low (<10−3 S/cm) due to aggregation of highly loaded PAG. In this work, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which is a proton transfer polymer, was added to PANI‐EB/PAG. Results showed that addition of low Mw (550) PEG significantly enhance the photo‐induced conductivity. Conductivities as high as 10−1–100 S/cm were observed after photo‐irradiation. This conductivity is comparable to that of PANI‐salt synthesized by oxidizing aniline in the presence of an acid. High Mw (8000) PEG is much less effective than PEG 550, which is attributed to its lower compatibility with PANI. PEG‐grafted PANI (N‐PEG‐PANI) was also studied as an additive. Composites of PANI‐EB and N‐PEG‐PANI showed conductivity as high as 102 S/cm after treatment with HCl vapor. The photo‐induced conductivity of the N‐PEG‐PANI/PANI‐EB/PAG composite reached 10−2–10−1 S/cm. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Designing a fully automated multi‐bioreactor plant for fast DoE optimization of pharmaceutical protein production
Authors: Fricke Jens , Pohlmann Kristof , Jonescheit Nils A. , Ellert Andree , Joksch Burkhard , Luttmann Reiner 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe identification of optimal expression conditions for state‐of‐the‐art production of pharmaceutical proteins is a very time‐consuming and expensive process. In this report a method for rapid and reproducible optimization of protein expression in an in‐house designed small‐scale BIOSTAT® multi‐bioreactor plant is described. A newly developed BioPAT® MFCS/win Design of Experiments (DoE) module (Sartorius Stedim Systems, Germany) connects the process control system MFCS/win and the DoE software MODDE® (Umetrics AB, Sweden) and enables therefore the implementation of fully automated optimization procedures. As a proof of concept, a commercial Pichia pastoris strain KM71H has been transformed for the expression of potential malaria vaccines. This approach has allowed a doubling of intact protein secretion productivity due to the DoE optimization procedure compared to initial cultivation results. In a next step, robustness regarding the sensitivity to process parameter variability has been proven around the determined optimum. Thereby, a pharmaceutical production process that is significantly improved within seven 24‐hour cultivation cycles was established. Specifically, regarding the regulatory demands pointed out in the process analytical technology (PAT) initiative of the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the combination of a highly instrumented, fully automated multi‐bioreactor platform with proper cultivation strategies and extended DoE software solutions opens up promising benefits and opportunities for pharmaceutical protein production.
Isolation, Characterization, and Identification of Catalytically Active Species in the MoO3/SiO2 Catalyst during Solid Acid Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Kotbagi Trupti V. , Biradar Ankush V. , Umbarkar Shubhangi B. , Dongare Mohan K. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe report the isolation, characterization, and identification of the catalytically active species formed during various acid‐catalyzed reactions if silica‐supported MoO3 was used as a catalyst. We have reported previously the synthesis and extensive characterization of the silica‐supported MoO3 catalyst prepared by the sol–gel process with ammonium heptamolybdate and ethyl silicate‐40 as molybdenum and silica precursors, respectively. The TEM images showed uniformly distributed MoO3 nanoparticles on the high‐surface area mesoporous silica support and high acidity (0.9 mmol g−1) by using temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3‐TPD) analysis. This catalyst has already shown high activity for various acid‐catalyzed reactions. To understand the nature of catalytically active species formed during the reaction, the liquid‐phase esterification of acetic acid and ethanol was studied as a probe reaction with very high acid conversion (83 %) in 8 h. During esterification, the reaction mixture turned blue, which indicated a change in the nature of the catalyst under reaction conditions. These catalytically active species formed in the reaction mixture were isolated and extensively characterized by using FTIR, Raman, powder XRD, BET surface area, NH3‐TPD, energy dispersive X‐ray, and TEM analysis. The characterization results revealed the in situ formation of silicomolybdic acid on the silica surface in the presence of water, which acts as catalytically active species responsible for the acid‐catalyzed reactions.
Synthesis and Properties of Oval‐Shaped Iron Oxide/Ethylene Glycol Mesostructured Nanosheets
Authors: Wang Xi , Yang Yijun , Zhai Tianyou , Zhong Yeteng , Gu Zhanjun , Cao Y. Charles , Zhao Yuliang , Ma Ying , Yao Jiannian 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe have demonstrated a new and facile bottom‐up protocol for the effective synthesis of oval‐shaped iron oxide/ethylene glycol (FeOx/EG) mesostructured nanosheets. Deprotonated ethylene glycol molecules are intercalated into iron oxide layers to form an interlayer distance of 10.6 Å. These materials display some peculiar magnetic properties, such as the low Morin temperature TM and ferromagnetism below this TM value. CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles can be loaded onto these mesostructured nanosheets to produce nanocomposites that combine both magnetic and fluorescence functions. In addition, iron oxide/propanediol (or butanediol) mesostructured materials with increased interlayer distances can also be synthesized. The developed synthetic strategy may be extended toward the creation of other ultrathin mesostructured nanosheets.
Like (CO)4, Do (CS)4 and (CSe)4 Have a Triplet Ground State?
Authors: Bao Xiaoguang , Hrovat David A. , Borden Weston Thatcher 
Published: March 2013

AbstractCyclobutane‐1,2,3,4‐tetraone, (CO)4, was computationally predicted and, subsequently, experimentally confirmed to have a triplet ground state, in which a b2g σ MO and an a2u π MO were each singly occupied. In contrast, the (U)CCSD(T) calculations reported herein found that cyclobutane‐1,2,3,4‐tetrathione, (CS)4, and cyclobutane‐1,2,3,4‐tetraselenone, (CSe)4, both had singlet ground states, in which the b2g σ MO was doubly occupied and the a2u π MO was empty. Our calculations showed that both the longer CX distances and smaller coefficients on the carbon atoms in the b2g and a2u MOs of (CS)4 and (CSe)4 contributed to the difference between the ground states of these two molecules and the ground state of (CO)4. An experimental test of the prediction of a singlet ground state for (CS)4 is proposed.
Synthesis, Structural Characterisation and Stereochemical Investigation of Chiral Sulfur‐Functionalised N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Palladium and Platinum
Authors: Krishnan Deepa , Pullarkat Sumod A. , Wu Meiyi , Li Yongxin , Leung Pak‐Hing 
Published: March 2013

AbstractPalladium and platinum complexes containing a sulfur‐functionalised N‐heterocyclic carbene (S‐NHC) chelate ligand have been synthesised. The absolute conformations of these novel organometallic S‐NHC chelates were determined by X‐ray structural analyses and solution‐phase 2D 1H–1H ROESY NMR spectroscopy. The structural studies revealed that the phenyl substituents on the stereogenic carbon atoms invariably take up the axial positions on the Pd‐C‐S coordination plane to afford a skewed five‐membered ring structure. All of the chiral complexes are structurally rigid and stereochemically locked in a chiral ring conformation that is either (Rs,S,R)‐λ or (Ss,R,R)‐δ in both the solid state and solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Ca2Pd3Ge, A New Fully Ordered Ternary Laves Phase Structure.
Authors: Doverbratt Isa , Ponou Simeon , Lidin Sven 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a 2:2:1 mixture of Ca, Pd, and Ge (argon, sealed Nb ampule, 1223 K, 7 d).