bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difference between old and young adults in contribution of β‐cell function and sarcopenia in developing diabetes mellitus
Authors: Koo Bo Kyung , Roh Eun , Yang Ye Seul , Moon Min Kyong 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo investigate the difference in contributing factors in developing diabetes between old and young adults.Materials and MethodsSubjects with recent‐onset diabetes were selected from a nationwide survey data and classified according to age: elderly (age ≥75 years), middle‐age (age 45–64 years) and young (age 25–39 years). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and β‐cell function were calculated. Sarcopenia was assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.ResultsThe prevalence of recent‐onset diabetes was 13.5%, 8.0%, and 1.4% in patients aged ≥75 years (unweighted n = 1,082), 45–64 years (unweighted n = 6,532), and 25–39 years (unweighted n = 5,178), respectively. Homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function along with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance showed increasing trends as onset age increased in recent‐onset diabetes (P for trend < 0.001 in both). Elderly‐onset diabetic patients had significantly higher homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance compared with the middle‐age‐onset group (P < 0.001 and 0.014, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that sarcopenia was significantly associated with recent‐onset diabetes only in patients aged ≥75 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.478, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.379–4.452) but not in patients aged 45–64 years. In the middle‐age group, abdominal obesity (OR 2.933, 95% CI 2.086–4.122), hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.529, 95% CI 1.078–2.169]) and low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterolemia (OR 1.930, 95% CI 1.383–2.695) were associated with recent‐onset diabetes.ConclusionsElderly‐onset diabetic patients had higher insulin resistance and relatively preserved β‐cell function compared with middle‐age‐onset patients. Sarcopenia might play a more important role in developing diabetes in the elderly population.
Effect of Particle Sizes of Soy Okara on Textural, Color, Sensory and Rheological Properties of Pork Meat Gels
Authors: Wang Shuilian , Chang Tong , Wang Chenjie , Shi Liu , Wang Wei , Yang Hong , Cui Min 
Published: July 2015

AbstractSoy okara is a by‐product from ground soybeans after removal of its water‐extractable fraction for soymilk and tofu production. There is a potential to use okara as an extender in meat products. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of particle sizes of okara on the color, textural, sensory and rheological properties of pork meat gels. Okara of different particle sizes was added into pork meat to prepare gels. Pork meat gels with okara of smaller particle sizes showed higher L* values, but gels with okara of larger particle sizes had higher firmness, cohesiveness, chewiness and resilience. The storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of pork batters also decreased with the reduction of the particle sizes of okara. However, the sensory evaluation showed that pork meatballs with okara of smaller particle sizes were preferred by the panelists. This study demonstrated that soy okara might be added into meat products as a dietary supplement for value‐added applications and quality improvements.Practical ApplicationsThe corresponding results of this investigation can be considered of great importance for developing a novel meat product that contains dietary fiber with improved functional properties, lower material cost and more nutritional benefit.
Feasibility and safety of a novel dedicated device for one‐step EUS‐guided biliary drainage: A randomized trial
Authors: Park Do Hyun , Lee Tae Hoon , Paik Woo Hyun , Choi Jun‐Ho , Song Tae Jun , Lee Sang Soo , Seo Dong‐Wan , Lee Sung Koo , Kim Myung‐Hwan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsEUS‐guided biliary drainage (EUS‐BD) has been proposed as an alternative for patients after failed ERCP. To date, the evaluation of dedicated device for one‐step EUS‐BD has been limited. To determine feasibility and safety of a newly designed 7F stent introducer with tapered metal tip as a push‐type dilator for one‐step metal stent placement without additional fistula dilation in EUS‐BD.MethodsThirty‐two patients with malignant biliary obstruction and failed ERCP were randomly assigned to a dedicated stent introducer with a modified hybrid metal stent (DH group, n = 16) or a conventional 8.5F biliary metal stent introducer with a fully covered metal stent (FC group, n = 16). The technical success, procedural times, clinical success rate, and adverse event rates were evaluated.ResultsOne‐step technical success without additional fistula dilation in the DH was 88% (14/16). Multi‐step process in a stent placement was performed in all patients of the FC group. The procedural time in the DH was significantly shorter than the FC (10 vs. 15 min, P = 0.007). No difference in overall technical or clinical success was seen between the groups. The rate of an early adverse event was common in the FC compared with the DH (31.3% [5/16] in the FC vs. 6.3% [1/16] in the DH, P = 0.172), although not statistically significant.ConclusionsA dedicated device for one‐step EUS‐BD may be technically feasible, safe, and shorten the procedural times with less chance of an additional fistula dilation process, resulting in a potential reduction of the early adverse events.
Combining quantitative 2D and 3D image analysis in the serial block face SEM: application to secretory organelles of pancreatic islet cells
Authors: SHOMORONY A. , PFEIFER C.R. , ARONOVA M.A. , ZHANG G. , CAI T. , XU H. , NOTKINS A.L. , LEAPMAN R.D. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryA combination of two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) analyses of tissue volume ultrastructure acquired by serial block face scanning electron microscopy can greatly shorten the time required to obtain quantitative information from big data sets that contain many billions of voxels. Thus, to analyse the number of organelles of a specific type, or the total volume enclosed by a population of organelles within a cell, it is possible to estimate the number density or volume fraction of that organelle using a stereological approach to analyse randomly selected 2D block face views through the cells, and to combine such estimates with precise measurement of 3D cell volumes by delineating the plasma membrane in successive block face images. The validity of such an approach can be easily tested since the entire 3D tissue volume is available in the serial block face scanning electron microscopy data set. We have applied this hybrid 3D/2D technique to determine the number of secretory granules in the endocrine α and β cells of mouse pancreatic islets of Langerhans, and have been able to estimate the total insulin content of a β cell.
Exploring why people with SMI smoke and why they may want to quit: baseline data from the SCIMITAR RCT
Authors: Peckham E. , Bradshaw T. J. , Brabyn S. , Knowles S. , Gilbody S. 
Published: July 2015

Accessible summary
People with severe mental ill health are up to three times more likely to smoke than other members of the general population.
Life expectancy in this client group is reduced by up to 30 years, and smoking is the single most important cause of premature death.
The aim of this study was to explore why people with severe mental ill health smoked and why they might want to stop smoking or cut down on the amount of cigarettes that they smoked.
The study found that people with severe mental ill health are motivated to cut down or stop smoking, and this is mainly due to concerns about their own health. The reasons people gave for smoking were to relieve stress, to help relax and for something to do when they are bored.
Health professionals should offer evidence supported smoking cessation therapy to people with severe mental ill health. In addition to standard National Health Service smoking cessation treatments such as pharmacotherapy and behavioural support. Practitioners should help people with serious mental ill health to identify meaningful activities to relieve boredom and challenge any incorrect beliefs they hold that smoking helps relaxation and relieves stress.
AbstractSmoking is the single most preventable cause of premature mortality for people with serious mental ill health (SMI). Yet little is known about the reasons why service users smoke or what their motivations for quitting might be. The aim of this paper is to explore smoking behaviours, reasons for smoking and motivations for cutting down/stopping smoking in individuals with SMI who expressed an interest in cutting down or stopping smoking. Prior to randomization, the smoking behaviours and motivations for wanting to cut down or stop smoking of participants in a randomized trial were systematically assessed. Participant's primary reasons for continuing to smoke were that they believed it helped them to cope with stress, to relax and relieve boredom. Participant's main motivations for wanting to cut down or stop smoking were related to concerns for their own health. Previous attempts to stop smoking had often been made alone without access to evidence supported smoking cessation therapy. Future recommendations include helping people with SMI to increase their activity levels to relieve boredom and inspire confidence in their ability to stop smoking and challenging beliefs that smoking aids relaxation and relieves stress.
Downregulation of RANKL and RANKL/osteoprotegerin ratio in human periodontal ligament cells during their osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Tang X. , Han J. , Meng H. , Zhao Y. , Wang H. , Liu J. , Lin L. , Zhang D. , Li C. , Ma C. 
Published: July 2015

Background and ObjectiveHuman periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) are considered the promising seed cells in periodontal tissue engineering. Previous studies have discovered the ability of hPDLCs in alveolar bone formation. It remains unclear, however, how the expression of factors associated with osteoclastogenesis in hPDLCs change during their osteogenic differentiation.ObjectiveThe present study aimed to observe the regulation of receptor activator of nuclear factor‐kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in hPDLCs during their osteogenic differentiation.Material and MethodshPDLCs were treated with (M group) or without (C group) the osteogenic induction medium. Alkaline phosphatase activity was displayed with the Gomori calcium phosphate method. Mineralized nodules were detected with von Kossa staining. Expression levels of RANKL and OPG in hPDLCs were analyzed with real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was used to display the TRAP activity in Raw264.7 cells co‐cultured with hPDLCs in the M group and the C group.ResultsWe found that alkaline phosphatase staining was shown to be remarkably higher in the M group than that in the C group during the 21 d interval. Mineralized nodules could be seen in the M group but not in the C group. The expression levels of RANKL mRNA significantly decreased in the M group by 1.69‐fold (p = 0.096) at day 7, by 2.04‐fold (p = 0.000) at day 14 and by 1.84‐fold (p = 0.023) at day 21, compared with the corresponding levels of RANKL in the C group. Similarly, the levels of RANKL protein decreased in the M group by 1.82‐fold (p = 0.062) at day 7, by 5.64‐fold (p = 0.000) at day 14 and by 4.84‐fold (p = 0.000) at day 21. The mRNA and protein expression levels of OPG tended to increase in the M group. As a result, the RANKL/OPG mRNA and protein ratios were significantly downregulated by osteogenic induction. In addition, the number of TRAP staining‐positive multinuclear cells in the M group was significantly less than in the C group (p = 0.018).ConclusionhPDLCs may help inhibit the resorption of alveolar bone during their osteogenic differentiation by reducing the RANKL expression and the RANKL/OPG ratio.
Evaluation of the Treatment of Congenital Penile Curvature Including Psychosexual Assessment
Authors: Zachalski Wojciech , Krajka Kazimierz , Matuszewski Marcin 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Penile corporoplasty is a well-established treatment method of congenital penile deviation (CPD). Anatomical results are good with only slight differences between surgical procedures used. The disease however has huge influence on young male quality of life. This issue is not well analyzed in the literature.

Aim
The aim of the study was to evaluate quality of life of the patients affected with CPD before and after the surgical treatment

Methods
Study population consisted of 107 patients with CPD referred for surgical management. Patients were evaluated with not only clinical assessment, but also by four questionnaires measuring various aspects of quality of life. They were: Short-Form Medical Outcomes, Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire for Man, Beck Depression Inventory, and International Index of Erectile Function.

Results
Quality of life measurements showed deep decrease in the general quality of life, sexual performance, depression scale, as well as in physical and mental health in men with CPD. All these parameters were restored to normal after the successful surgical treatment with any method.

Conclusion
CPD deeply decreases the quality of life of the affected men in many aspects. Surgical treatment is able to repair the anatomical deformity and as well as significantly restore the patients' psychosocial well-being.
Male-to-Female Genital Reassignment Surgery: A Retrospective Review of Surgical Technique and Complications in 60 Patients
Authors: Raigosa Mauricio , Avvedimento Stefano , Yoon Tai Sik , Cruz-Gimeno Juan , Rodriguez Guillermo , Fontdevila Joan 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Patients with male-to-female gender dysphoria (GD) require multidisciplinary assessment and management. Nowadays, more and more patients decide to undergo genital reassignment surgery (GRS) to have aesthetic and functional external female genitalia. Different techniques of this procedure have been described. Orchiectomy, penile disassembly, creation of a neovaginal cavity, repositioning of urethral meatus, and clitorolabioplasty may be identified as the five major steps in all of these techniques.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study of 60 patients who underwent genital reassignment procedure for male-to-female GD at our department between November 2008 and August 2013 with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Data were collected on surgical technique, postoperative dilations protocol, complications, and functional and aesthetic outcomes. We describe and critically evaluate the surgical technique used in our department.

Results
Follow-up ranged from 14 to 46 months. Two patients developed late neovaginal stricture, and two patients experienced rectovaginal fistulae (one required surgical revision with dermal porcine graft placement). Minor complications occurred in 13 patients and included urethral stenosis, partial wound dehiscence, and minor bleeding. Secondary aesthetic revision surgery was performed in 13 cases.

Conclusions
GRS can provide good functional and aesthetic outcomes in patients with male-to-female GD. However, despite a careful planning and meticulous surgical technique, secondary procedures are frequently required to improve the function and appearance of the neovagina.
Quorum sensing inhibitors from Leucetta chagosensis Dendy, 1863
Authors: Mai T. , Tintillier F. , Lucasson A. , Moriou C. , Bonno E. , Petek S. , Magré K. , Al Mourabit A. , Saulnier D. , Debitus C. 
Published: July 2015

Abstract
Sponges are a rich source for investigation of bioactive small molecules. They have been mostly investigated for the search of new pharmacological models or therapeutic agents for the treatment of human diseases. Micro-organisms can also represent a virulent pathogen for marine invertebrates such as sponges, which need to protect themselves against these microbes. Sponges' self defence mechanisms involving dialogue molecules thus represent a pertinent research track for potent anti-infective and anti-biofilm activities such as quorum sensing inhibitors (QSIs). The investigation of the QSI crude extract of Leucetta chagosensis Dendy, 1863 led to the isolation of three new alkaloids, isonaamine D, di-isonaamidine A and leucettamine D, along with the known isonaamine A and isonaamidine A. Isonaamidine A and isonaamine D were identified as inhibitors of the three quorum sensing pathways of Vibrio harveyi (CAI-1, AI-2 and harveyi auto inducer), but isonaamidine A displayed the strongest activity on AI-2 biosensor. Both compounds are new examples of natural QSIs of V. harveyi. These results outline the importance of these secondary metabolites for their producing organisms themselves in their natural environment, as well as the potential of the marine resource for aquaculture needs.

Significance and Impact of the Study
A new type of quorum sensing inhibitors was isolated from the sponge Leucetta chagosensis. One of them inhibits strongly the AI-2 channel of Vibrio harveyi, a marine pathogen of special importance in aquaculture. The activity of five different related compounds, including three new natural products discovered there, was investigated leading to structure-activity relationships which are useful for the design of new quorum sensing inhibitors to control marine infectious pathogens.
A unified assessment of marine Mediterranean assemblages: a lesson from benthic hydroids
Authors: González‐Duarte Manuel M. , Megina Cesar , De Vito Doris , Di Camillo Cristina Goia , Puce Stefania , Piraino Stefano 
Published: July 2015

AbstractHydroids are important components of the communities of rocky bottom shallow coastal areas. The hydrozoan fauna of the Mediterranean Sea is probably one of most investigated in the world, with lots of faunistic and biogeographical studies. However, quantitative studies using the same sampling methodology and controlled sampling effort have been restricted to areas in the Western and Central Mediterranean. We compared hydroid assemblages in four areas of the Mediterranean Sea, from the Gulf of Cádiz to the South Adriatic Sea, following the same sampling and quantification methodology. Our analysis showed the dominant Atlantic character of the assemblages of the Gulf of Cádiz and the South Alboran Sea because of the influence of the inflowing Atlantic waters. Conversely, the hydroid assemblages of the North Alboran Sea were more similar to the assemblages in the Ligurian and in the South Adriatic, and with a number of species ranking between the observed in these two Mediterranean zones. Fourteen species were identified as making the most significant contributions to characterizing the Mediterranean hydroid species pool from a quantitative point of view. These taxa include species previously named as typical components of the Mediterranean hydroid fauna as well as those only recently recorded in the region (Eudendrium moulouyensis) and invaders such as Clytia hummelincki.
Climate change and warm‐water species at the north‐western boundary of the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Parravicini Valeriano , Mangialajo Luisa , Mousseau Laure , Peirano Andrea , Morri Carla , Montefalcone Monica , Francour Patrice , Kulbicki Michel , Bianchi Carlo Nike 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe effects of global change are particularly serious in areas where range shifts of species are physically constrained such as the Ligurian Sea, which is one of the coldest sectors of the Mediterranean. In this basin, historical information on water temperature (from the sea surface down to 75 m depth) dates back to the 1950s. Early studies also recorded warm‐water species occurrence. Thanks to these data we provide the first detailed characterization of water temperature variation from 1958 up to 2010 in the layer 0–75 m depth. We coupled this analysis with the available information on rocky reef epibenthic communities (literature review from 1955 to 1964 and field data from 1980 to 2010). The analysis of water temperature revealed several patterns of variation: a cooling phase from 1958 to 1980, a phase of rapid warming from 1980 to 1990 and a phase of slower warming from 1990 to 2010. Inter‐annual variation in temperature increased over the entire period for the water layer down to 20 m. Warm‐water native and alien species richness increased during the warming phases. Literature estimates suggest a decrease in warm‐water native species richness during the cooling phase. The analysis of quantitative data collected in the early 1990s and late 2000s indicated a decrease in the cover of warm‐water native species on shallow rocky reefs and an increase in deeper waters. We argue that increased inter‐annual variation in water temperature may disadvantage native warm‐water species in shallow waters. Our results indicate that the effect of temperature rises in cold, constrained basins may be more complex than the simple prediction of species changing their geographical range according to their thermal limits.
Too much knowledge for a nurse? Use of physical assessment by final‐semester nursing students
Authors: Douglas Clint , Windsor Carol , Lewis Peter 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThere is debate around the scope of physical assessment skills that should be taught in undergraduate nursing programs. Yet this debate is largely uninformed by evidence on what is learned and practiced by nursing students. This study examined the pattern and correlates of physical assessment skill utilization by 208 graduating nursing students at an Australian university, including measures of knowledge, frequency of use, and perceived barriers to physical assessment skills during clinical practice. Of the 126 skills surveyed, on average, only five were used every time students practiced. Core skills reflected inspection or general observation of the patient; none involved complex palpation, percussion, or auscultation. Skill utilization was also shaped by specialty area. Most skills (70%) were, on average, never performed or learned and students perceived nursing physical assessment was marginalized in both university and workplace contexts. Lack of confidence was, thus, a significant barrier to use of skills. Based on these findings, we argue that the current debate must shift to how we might best support students to integrate comprehensive physical assessment into nursing practice.
Enhanced leaf photosynthesis as a target to increase grain yield: insights from transgenic rice lines with variable Rieske FeS protein content in the cytochrome b6/f complex
Authors: Yamori Wataru , Kondo Eri , Sugiura Daisuke , Terashima Ichiro , Suzuki Yuji , Makino Amane 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlthough photosynthesis is the most important source for biomass and grain yield, a lack of correlation between photosynthesis and plant yield among different genotypes of various crop species has been frequently observed. Such observations contribute to the ongoing debate whether enhancing leaf photosynthesis can improve yield potential. Here, transgenic rice plants that contain variable amounts of the Rieske FeS protein in the cytochrome (cyt) b6/f complex between 10 and 100% of wild‐type levels have been used to investigate the effect of reductions of these proteins on photosynthesis, plant growth and yield. Reductions of the cyt b6/f complex did not affect the electron transport rates through photosystem I but decreased electron transport rates through photosystem II, leading to concomitant decreases in CO2 assimilation rates. There was a strong control of plant growth and grain yield by the rate of leaf photosynthesis, leading to the conclusion that enhancing photosynthesis at the single‐leaf level would be a useful target for improving crop productivity and yield both via conventional breeding and biotechnology. The data here also suggest that changing photosynthetic electron transport rates via manipulation of the cyt b6/f complex could be a potential target for enhancing photosynthetic capacity in higher plants.