bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mitochondrial abnormalities in the myofibrillar myopathies
Authors: Jackson S. , Schaefer J. , Meinhardt M. , Reichmann H. 
Published: July 2015

Myofibrillar myopathies are a genetically diverse group of skeletal muscle disorders, with distinctive muscle histopathology. Causative mutations have been identified in the genes MYOT, LDB3, DES, CRYAB, FLNC, BAG3, DNAJB6, FHL1, PLEC and TTN, which encode proteins which either reside in the Z‐disc or associate with the Z‐disc. Mitochondrial abnormalities have been described in muscle from patients with a myofibrillar myopathy. We reviewed the literature to determine the extent of mitochondrial dysfunction in each of the myofibrillar myopathy subtypes. Abnormal mitochondrial distribution is a frequent finding in each of the subtypes, but a high frequency of COX‐negative or ragged red fibres, a characteristic finding in some of the conventional mitochondrial myopathies, is a rare finding. Few in vitro studies of mitochondrial function have been performed in affected patients.
Generic lamotrigine versus brand‐name Lamictal bioequivalence in patients with epilepsy: A field test of the FDA bioequivalence standard
Authors: Ting Tricia Y. , Jiang Wenlei , Lionberger Robert , Wong Jessica , Jones Jace W. , Kane Maureen A. , Krumholz Allan , Temple Robert , Polli James E. 
Published: July 2015

SummaryObjectiveTo test the current U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) bioequivalence standard in a comparison of generic and brand‐name drug pharmacokinetic (PK) performance in “generic‐brittle” patients with epilepsy under clinical use conditions.MethodsThis randomized, double‐blind, multiple‐dose, steady‐state, fully replicated bioequivalence study compared generic lamotrigine to brand‐name Lamictal in “generic‐brittle” patients with epilepsy (n = 34) who were already taking lamotrigine. Patients were repeatedly switched between masked Lamictal and generic lamotrigine. Intensive PK blood sampling at the end of each 2‐week treatment period yielded two 12‐h PK profiles for brand‐name and generic forms for each patient. Steady‐state area under the curve (AUC), peak plasma concentration (Cmax), and minimum plasma concentration (Cmin) data were subjected to conventional average bioequivalence (ABE) analysis, reference‐scaled ABE analysis, and within‐subject variability (WSV) comparisons. In addition, generic‐versus‐brand comparisons in individual patients were performed. Secondary clinical outcomes included seizure frequency and adverse events.ResultsGeneric demonstrated bioequivalence to brand. The 90% confidence intervals of the mean for steady‐state AUC, Cmax, and Cmin for generic‐versus‐brand were 97.2–101.6%, 98.8–104.5%, and 93.4–101.0%, respectively. The WSV of generic and brand were also similar. Individual patient PK ratios for generic‐versus‐brand were similar but not identical, in part because brand‐versus‐brand profiles were not identical, even though subjects were rechallenged with the same product. Few subjects had seizure exacerbations or tolerability issues with product switching. One subject, however, reported 267 focal motor seizures, primarily on generic, although his brand and generic PK profiles were practically identical.SignificanceSome neurologists question whether bioequivalence in healthy volunteers ensures therapeutic equivalence of brand and generic antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsy, who may be at increased risk for problems with brand‐to‐generic switching. Bioequivalence results in “generic‐brittle” patients with epilepsy under clinical conditions support the soundness of the FDA bioequivalence standards. Adverse events on generic were not related to the small, allowable PK differences between generic and brand.
Ca‐channel blocker‐induced gingival overgrowth that improved with non‐surgical therapy during visiting care: a case report
Authors: Kato Tomotaka , Takiuchi Hiroya , Yamaguchi Masahiro , Naito Toru 
Published: July 2015

ObjectivesTo present a case of gingival overgrowth during visiting care.BackgroundCa‐channel blocker‐induced gingival overgrowth is a well‐known adverse event. However, only limited information on the treatment of calcium‐channel blocker‐induced gingival overgrowth during visiting care has been reported.Clinical reportThe patient was an 88‐year‐old female living in a nursing home since dementia. She had been taking a calcium‐channel blocker and observed gingival overgrowth. Initial therapy was performed and changed the antihypertensive medication from a calcium‐channel blocker to an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. After initial therapy, the gingival overgrowth improved significantly. In addition, the defecation rate was improved.ConclusionThis case indicated that periodontal therapy is useful even for dementia patients during visiting dental care.
Urban Employment in Small Businesses and the Level of Economic Development: Evidence from Chinese Cities
Authors: Moreno‐Monroy Ana I. , Yu Shu , Euse Victoria 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBased on a panel of Chinese cities over the period 2004–2009, we analyze the relationship between the level of economic development and the share of urban employment in small businesses. We find that this relationship can be described by an inverted U‐shape. In cities with lower levels of economic development, the restructure of the state sector along with a booming service industry is associated with a higher share of employment in small businesses. On the other hand, in cities with higher levels of economic development, a more vibrant manufacturing sector is related to a lower share of employment in small businesses.
Relationship between Polyamines and Other Cold‐induced Response Mechanisms in Different Cereal Species
Authors: Gondor O. K. , Szalai G. , Kovács V. , Janda T. , Pál M. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractTo find a connection between polyamines and various protective effectors involved in the development of cold tolerance, eight different cereal genotypes, including wheat, barley and oat species, were investigated during the acclimation phase to low temperature. Exposure to low temperature induced different changes in the levels of polyamines, and other signalling molecules, such as salicylic acid and abscisic acid, and of other protective compounds, namely flavonols, sugars and antioxidant enzyme activity, and in the lipid composition of certain membrane factions. The most remarkable differences were observed in the oat varieties compared to the other cereal genotypes, which was manifested in the lack of spermidine accumulation and of decrease in trans‐Δ3‐hexadecanoic acid content, in lower initial and not cold‐inducible abscisic acid content and guaiacol peroxidase activity after cold treatment. Correlation analysis revealed that spermidine shows strong positive relationship with flavonols, abscisic acid and ascorbate peroxidase, while was in negative relationship with trans‐Δ3‐hexadecanoic acid. These results suggest that spermidine may have a crucial role in the cold acclimation signalling processes in cereals.
Microwave Dielectric Properties of LiKSm2(MoO4)4 Ceramics with Ultralow Sintering Temperatures
Authors: Zhai Xiao‐Liu , Zheng Xu , Xi Hai‐Hong , Li Wen‐Bo , Han Jun , Zhou Di 
Published: July 2015

In this work, a novel low‐temperature firing microwave dielectric ceramic LiKSm2(MoO4)4 was prepared via solid‐state reaction method. Ceramic samples with relative densities about 94.6% were obtained at sintering temperature 640°C–680°C. The best microwave dielectric properties was obtained in ceramic sample sintered at 620°C with a permittivity about 11.5, a Q × f value about 39 000 GHz and a temperature coefficient of frequency about −15.9 ppm/°C. According to XRD patterns and backscattered electron micrograph, combined with Energy Dispersive Spectra analysis, of cofired samples with 30 wt% aluminum sintered at 620°C/4 h, the LiKSm2(MoO4)4 ceramic was found to be chemically compatible with Al but react seriously with Ag, forming AgSmMo2O8 phase, at its sintering temperature.
Melter Feed Reactions at T ≤ 700°C for Nuclear Waste Vitrification
Authors: Xu Kai , Hrma Pavel , Rice Jarrett , Riley Brian J. , Schweiger Michael J. , Crum Jarrod V. 
Published: July 2015

To understand feed‐to‐glass conversion for the vitrification of nuclear waste, we investigated batch reactions and phase transitions in a simulated nuclear waste glass melter feed heated at 5 K/min up to 700°C using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction. To determine the content and composition of leachable phases, we performed leaching tests; the leachates were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. By 400°C, gibbsite and sodium borates lost water and converted to amorphous phase, whereas other metallic hydroxides dehydrated to oxides. Between 400°C and 700°C, carbonates decomposed before 500°C; amorphous aluminum oxide and calcium oxide reacted with the sodium borate and formed the more durable amorphous borate phase along with intermediate crystalline products; above 500°C, quartz began to dissolve, and hematite started to convert to trevorite.
Preliminary insight into the periostin leverage during periodontal tissue healing
Authors: Padial‐Molina Miguel , Volk Sarah L. , Rios Hector F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundTissue repair and regeneration is assisted by the efficient coordination of cell and extracellular matrix interactions mediated by matricellular molecules such as periostin. Given its high expression around the teeth, the periodontal organ represents an ideal system to capture the protein dynamics during wound healing.MethodsAn observational prospective case–control study was designed to characterize periostin changes over time after periodontal surgery in tissue, oral fluids and serum by histological, protein and mRNA analyses.ResultsHistological analysis showed lower periostin with a diffuse local distribution pattern in disease patients. Levels of periostin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) increased over time for both groups, more noticeably in the periodontitis subjects. A transient and subtle change in circulating periostin levels was also noticed. The mRNA periostin levels contrasted with the protein levels and may indicate the underlying post‐transcriptional regulatory process during chronic inflammation. Levels of known periodontal disease biomarkers such as IL‐β, IL1‐α, TNF‐α, MIP‐1α and CRP served as tissue stability markers and complemented the clinical parameters recorded.ConclusionThe transient local increase in GCF periostin after eliminating the local etiology in periodontally affected sites suggests its importance in the maturation and stability of the connective tissue. The decreasing levels observed as the tissue healed highlight its spatial/temporal significance.
Evidence‐based (S3) Guideline on (anogenital) Lichen sclerosus
Authors: Kirtschig G. , Becker K. , Günthert A. , Jasaitiene D. , Cooper S. , Chi C.‐C. , Kreuter A. , Rall K.K. , Aberer W. , Riechardt S. , Casabona F. , Powell J. , Brackenbury F. , Erdmann R. , Lazzeri M. , Barbagli G. , Wojnarowska F. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractLichen sclerosus (LS) is an inflammatory skin disease that usually involves the anogenital area. All patients with symptoms or signs suspicious of lichen sclerosus should be seen at least once initially by a physician with a special interest in the disease in order to avoid delay in diagnosis, as early treatment may cure the disease in some and reduce or prevent scarring. The diagnosis is made clinically in most cases. Biopsies should only be performed under certain circumstances. The gold standard for treatment remains potent to very potent topical steroids; however, mild and moderate disease in boys and men may be cured by circumcision. Certain triggers should be avoided. http://www.euroderm.org/images/stories/guidelines/2014/S3-Guideline-on-Lichen-sclerosus.pdf http://www.awmf.org/fachgesellschaften/mitgliedsgesellschaften/visitenkarte/fg/deutsche-gesellschaft-fuer-gynaekologie-und-geburtshilfe-dggg.html.
HiSCR (Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response): a novel clinical endpoint to evaluate therapeutic outcomes in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa from the placebo‐controlled portion of a phase 2 adalimumab study
Authors: Kimball A.B. , Sobell J.M. , Zouboulis C.C. , Gu Y. , Williams D.A. , Sundaram M. , Teixeira H.D. , Jemec G.B.E. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractBackgroundDetermining treatment response for patients with hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) can be challenging due to limitations of current disease activity evaluations.ObjectiveEvaluate the novel, validated endpoint, Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Response (HiSCR) and its utility as an outcome measure.MethodsPatients with baseline total abscess and inflammatory nodule count (AN count) of at least three and draining fistula count of 20 or fewer comprised the post hoc subpopulation analysed. HiSCR (at least a 50% reduction in total AN count, with no increase in abscess count, and no increase in draining fistula count relative to baseline) and HS‐PGA Response [Hidradenitis Suppurativa‐Physician's Global Assessment score of clear, minimal, or mild, with at least a 2‐grade improvement from baseline] were used to evaluate patient response after adalimumab treatment weekly, every other week, or placebo (1 : 1 : 1).ResultsThe subpopulation included 132 (85.7%) patients; 70.5% women and 73.5% white. At week 16, HiSCR was achieved by 54.5% receiving weekly adalimumab, 33.3% every other week, and 25.6% placebo and HS‐PGA Response was achieved by 20.5% receiving weekly adalimumab, 6.7% every other week and 2.3% placebo.ConclusionHiSCR was more responsive to change than HS‐PGA Response in this subpopulation.
How public reporting of prescription quality indicators influence prescribing practices? A survey of general practitioners
Authors: Du Xin , Zhang Xinping , Tang Yuqing , Zhang Xiaopeng , Wang Lijun , Wang Xuan 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesPublic reporting of performance data is one of the most popular topics in health care field. The aim of this study was to investigate the transparency mechanism, that is, how public reporting influenced general practitioners' (GPs) prescribing practices.MethodGPs who had the license to prescribe medicine of all 10 primary care institutions were surveyed. Data were collected by an instrument, which exhibited satisfactory reliability and validity (Cronbach's alpha > 0.7; average variance extracted > 0.5; composite reliability > 0.7). Data analysis was conducted by structural equation model.ResultsThe results showed that GPs' perceived value (GP's overall assessment of the worth of the public reporting) and attitude (the psychological reaction to public reporting) had a significantly direct effect on behavioural intention (r = 0.28; r = 0.36), and were affected by information accessibility (r = 0.63; r = 0.32). Attitude had a significant effect on perceived value(r = 0.45). Perceived risk (the perceptions of the possible loss due to public reporting, e.g. decreasing their income) did not have a significant relationship with information accessibility, attitude and behavioural intention(r = −0.09; r = 0.01; r = −0.07).ConclusionThe information accessibility, perceived value and attitude have strong effects on prescribing practices of GPs, whereas perceived risk did not play a role in influencing the prescribing practices. Policymakers need to improve the accessibility of prescription quality indicators and pay attention to the perceived values and attitudes of GPs. Policymakers also need to strengthen the risk education of GPs and attach incentives to transparent regulation.
Incorrect evaluation of the frequency of malnutrition and of its screening in hospitalized children by health care professionals
Authors: Restier Lioara , Duclos Antoine , Jarri Laura , Touzet Sandrine , Denis Angelique , Occelli Pauline , Kassai‐Koupai Behrouz , Lachaux Alain , Loras‐Duclaux Irene , Colin Cyrille , Peretti Noel 
Published: July 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesMalnutrition screening is essential to detect and to treat patients with stunting or wasting. The aim was to evaluate the subjective perception of frequency and assessment of malnutrition by health care professionals.Research methods and proceduresIn a paediatric university hospital, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted with a Likert scale approach to health care professionals and compared with objective measurements on a given day of frequency of malnutrition and of its screening.Results279 health care professionals participated. The malnutrition rate, estimated versus measured, was 16.8% and 34.8%, respectively. Conversely, the estimated frequency of malnutrition screening versus measured frequency was 80.6% versus 43.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the perception of health care professionals did not differ depending on their professional category or speciality.ConclusionsIn conclusion, health care staff underestimates the prevalence of malnutrition in children by half and overestimates the frequency of appropriate screening practices for detection of malnutrition. This flawed/unreliable perception may disrupt both screening and the management of malnourished children. There is an urgent need to find out the reasons behind these errors caused by subjective perception in order to develop appropriate educational training to remedy the situation.
The cost‐effectiveness of quality improvement projects: a conceptual framework, checklist and online tool for considering the costs and consequences of implementation‐based quality improvement
Authors: Thompson Carl , Pulleyblank Ryan , Parrott Steve , Essex Holly 
Published: July 2015

AbstractIn resource constrained systems, decision makers should be concerned with the efficiency of implementing improvement techniques and technologies. Accordingly, they should consider both the costs and effectiveness of implementation as well as the cost‐effectiveness of the innovation to be implemented. An approach to doing this effectively is encapsulated in the ‘policy cost‐effectiveness’ approach. This paper outlines some of the theoretical and practical challenges to assessing policy cost‐effectiveness (the cost‐effectiveness of implementation projects). A checklist and associated (freely available) online application are also presented to help services develop more cost‐effective implementation strategies.
The Effect of Inulin as a Fat Replacement on Dough and Biscuit Properties
Authors: Krystyjan Magdalena , Gumul Dorota , Ziobro Rafał , Sikora Marek 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThis work aims to substitute inulin for (20–50%) fat in biscuits and to investigate how this manipulation would change the properties of dough and biscuits. The results showed that the inulin substitution for 20% fat did not worsen the sensory evaluation of biscuits and had the least influence on their texture. The decrease in fat and the increase in sugar content with simultaneous reduction in caloric value were noticed. The soluble dietary fiber increased compared with the control despite the fact that the polyphenol content and their activity decreased. Substitution of inulin for fat changed the rheological and textural properties of biscuit dough.Practical ApplicationsThe study demonstrates that partial replacement of fat with inulin gel in biscuits allows decreasing their caloric value and enriches them with soluble dietary fiber. The observed changes in the physical properties of the dough and in the characteristics of the final products suggest that 20% substitution could be recommended for practical applications. Higher levels of fat replacement could lead to excessive hardness of biscuits and a significant reduction in the content of polyphenols and antioxidant activity.
Dental treatment under general anesthesia for special‐needs patients: analysis of the literature
Authors: Mallineni Sreekanth K. , Yiu Cynthia K.Y. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractThe aim of the present review was to identify the studies published on dental treatment under general anesthesia for special‐needs patients. A comprehensive search of the reported literature from January 1966 to May 2012 was conducted using PubMed, Medline, and Embase. Keywords used in the search were “dental treatment under general anesthesia”, “special‐needs patients”, “medically‐compromised patients”, and “children”, in various combinations. Studies published only on dental treatment under general anesthesia and in English were included. Only 10 studies were available for final analysis. Age range from 1 to 50 years, and restorative procedures, were most prevalent. Only two studies discussed repeated general anesthesia, with rates of 7.2% and 10.2%. Over time, the provision of general anesthesia for special‐needs patients has changed from dental clinics to general hospitals. The demand for dental treatment for special‐needs patients under general anesthesia continues to increase. Currently, there are no certain accepted protocols for the provision of dental treatment under general anesthesia.
Ethanol activates midkine and anaplastic lymphoma kinase signaling in neuroblastoma cells and in the brain
Authors: He Donghong , Chen Hu , Muramatsu Hisako , Lasek Amy W. 
Published: July 2015

AbstractAlcohol engages signaling pathways in the brain. Midkine (MDK) is a neurotrophic factor that is over‐expressed in the prefrontal cortex of alcoholics.MDKand one of its receptors, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), also regulate behavioral responses to ethanol in mice. The goal of this study was to determine whetherMDKandALKexpression and signaling are activated by ethanol. We found that ethanol treatment of neuroblastoma cells increasedMDKandALKexpression. We also assessed activation ofALKby ethanol in cells and found thatALKandALK‐dependent extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation increased rapidly with ethanol exposure. Similarly, treatment of cells with recombinantMDKprotein increasedALK,ERKand STAT3 phosphorylation, suggesting that ethanol may utilizeMDKto activateALKsignaling. In support of this, transfection of cells withMDKsiRNAs attenuatedALKsignaling in response to ethanol. Ethanol also activatesERKsignaling in the brain. We found that inhibition ofALKor knockout ofMDKattenuated ethanol‐inducedERKphosphorylation in mouse amygdala. These results demonstrate that ethanol engagesMDKandALKsignaling, which has important consequences for alcohol‐induced neurotoxicity and the regulation of behaviors related to alcohol abuse.imageWe propose that ethanol (a) increases transcription of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and midkine (MDK) genes and (b) rapidly activates extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (pERK1/2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (pSTAT3) through MDK and ALK. Activation of ALK and MDK signaling by ethanol may alter behavioral responses to ethanol with implications for the development of alcohol use disorders.
Presidential Address: Does Finance Benefit Society?
Authors: ZINGALES LUIGI 
Published: July 2015

ABSTRACTAcademics’ view of the benefits of finance vastly exceeds societal perception. This dissonance is at least partly explained by an underappreciation by academia of how, without proper rules, finance can easily degenerate into a rent‐seeking activity. I outline what finance academics can do, from a research point of view and from an educational point of view, to promote good finance and minimize the bad.