bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Measurement and Management of Operational Risk in Insurance Companies from an Enterprise Perspective
Authors: Gatzert Nadine , Kolb Andreas 
Published: June 2013

AbstractOperational risk can substantially impact an insurer's risk situation and is now increasingly in the focus of insurance companies, especially due to new European risk‐based regulatory framework Solvency II. The aim of this article is to model and examine the effects of operational risk on fair premiums and solvency capital requirements under Solvency II. In particular, three different approaches of deriving solvency capital requirements are analyzed: the Solvency II standard model, a partial internal model, and a full internal model. This analysis is not only of relevance for Solvency II, but also regarding an insurer's Own Risk and Solvency Assessment (ORSA) that is not only planned in Solvency II, but also by the NAIC in the United States. The analysis emphasizes that diversification plays a central role and that operational risk measurement and management is highly relevant for insurers and should be integrated in an enterprise risk management framework.
Asymmetric Information, Self‐selection, and Pricing of Insurance Contracts: The Simple No‐Claims Case
Authors: Donnelly Catherine , Englund Martin , Nielsen Jens Perch , Tanggaard Carsten 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article presents an optional bonus‐malus contract based on a priori risk classification of the underlying insurance contract. By inducing self‐selection, the purchase of the bonus‐malus contract can be used as a screening device. This gives an even better pricing performance than both an experience rating scheme and a classical no‐claims bonus system. An application to the Danish automobile insurance market is considered.
Alcohol, Babies and the Death Penalty: Saving Lives by Analysing the Shape of the Brain
Authors: Mardia Kanti , Bookstein Fred , Kent John 
Published: June 2013

AbstractAlcohol can damage the brains of unborn babies. Shape analysis can assess the damage in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Kanti Mardia, Fred Bookstein and John Kent explain how it works, and how it can help babies and even murderers.
An Integrated Corporate Governance Framework and Financial Performance in South African‐Listed Corporations
Authors: Ntim Collins G. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis paper investigates the relationship between an integrated corporate governance (CG) index and financial performance using a sample of 169 South African (SA)‐listed corporations between 2002 and 2007. We find a statistically significant and positive association between a broad set of good CG practices and financial performance. In a series of sensitivity analyses, we find that our results are robust to endogeneity, different financial performance proxies, alternative CG weighting scheme and firm‐level fixed effects. We further distinctively examine the link between complying with SA context‐specific stakeholder CG provisions and financial performance. In line with political cost and resource dependence theories, our results reveal a statistically significant and positive nexus between compliance with stakeholder CG provisions and financial performance.
Measuring the Carbon Intensity of the South African Economy
Authors: Arndt Channing , Davies Rob , Makrelov Konstantin , Thurlow James 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe estimate the carbon intensity of industries, products and households in South Africa using data from a high resolution supply‐use table. Direct and indirect carbon usage is measured using multiplier methods that capture inter‐industry linkages and multi‐product supply chains. Carbon intensity is found to be high for exports but low for major employing sectors. Middle‐income households are the most carbon‐intensive consumers. These results suggest that carbon pricing policies (without border tax adjustments) would adversely affect export earnings, but should not disproportionately hurt workers or poorer households. Seven percent of emissions arise through marketing margins, implying that carbon pricing should be accompanied by supporting public policies and investments.
How European Union Politicization can Emerge through Contestation: The Constitution Case
Authors: Statham Paul , Trenz Hans‐Jörg 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article takes the European Union's constitution‐making as a case study to examine ‘how’ politicization can emerge through contestation by political actors in response to political opportunities. It advances understanding of the conditions and processes through which politicization emerges by undertaking empirical analysis. The primary data source is an original sample of political actors' claims‐making over European integration issues retrieved from news samples in France, Germany and Britain during the constitution event (2000–05). Main tenets of prominent theories on politicization are unpacked and tested in relation to the evidence from the claims‐making analysis. The findings demonstrate the transformative impact of the French referendum as a specific opportunity: politicization was largely restricted to internal national contestation by French actors; political party competition was the prominent contestation form; and the Socialists mobilized against the constitution by advocating ‘Social Europe’. This transformed the political space by introducing competition over Europe into the party system's core.
The National–Transnational Wage‐Setting Nexus in Europe: What have We Learned from the Early Years of Monetary Integration?
Authors: Ramskogler Paul 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWage growth has become increasingly interdependent in the European monetary and economic union but a stubborn differential in wage growth rates of some European countries persists. Can peculiarities of national wage‐bargaining systems explain this situation? The article develops the idea that wage growth differentials across Europe are due to differences in wage‐bargaining systems. It is demonstrated that wage growth in the exposed industry is restrained by competition. Spillovers from the exposed sector of the economy to the public sector thus can induce overall wage restraint. However, it is shown that spillovers from the exposed to the public sector differ according to the wage‐bargaining system. Pattern‐setting regimes lead to substantial spillovers and thus induce higher wage restraint than other wage‐bargaining systems.
Europeanization beyond Contested Statehood: The European Union and Turkish‐Cypriot Civil Society
Authors: Kyris George 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThis article investigates the impact of the European Union (EU) on the Turkish‐Cypriot civil society, pegged to the Europeanization debate. The article contributes to the discussion on Europeanization and the role of the EU in contested states, which remains a neglected topic in the literature. The argument advanced is that a series of factors that relate to the contested statehood of the Turkish‐Cypriot case mediate the occurrence of Europeanization and they often contribute to an exceptional EU impact on domestic civil society. In this regard, the Turkish‐Cypriot example has strong comparative value for the study of the international role of the EU, the Europeanization of contested states and the importance that the EU places on contacts with civil society, as an alternative avenue to relations with states.
Fewer invited talks by women in evolutionary biology symposia
Authors: Schroeder J. , Dugdale H. L. , Radersma R. , Hinsch M. , Buehler D. M. , Saul J. , Porter L. , Liker A. , De Cauwer I. , Johnson P. J. , Santure A. W. , Griffin A. S. , Bolund E. , Ross L. , Webb T. J. , Feulner P. G. D. , Winney I. , Szulkin M. , Komdeur J. , Versteegh M. A. , Hemelrijk C. K. , Svensson E. I. , Edwards H. , Karlsson M. , West S. A. , Barrett E. L. B. , Richardson D. S. , van den Brink V. , Wimpenny J. H. , Ellwood S. A. , Rees M. , Matson K. D. , Charmantier A. , dos Remedios N. , Schneider N. A. , Teplitsky C. , Laurance W. F. , Butlin R. K. , Horrocks N. P. C. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractLower visibility of female scientists, compared to male scientists, is a potential reason for the under‐representation of women among senior academic ranks. Visibility in the scientific community stems partly from presenting research as an invited speaker at organized meetings. We analysed the sex ratio of presenters at the European Society for Evolutionary Biology (ESEB) Congress 2011, where all abstract submissions were accepted for presentation. Women were under‐represented among invited speakers at symposia (15% women) compared to all presenters (46%), regular oral presenters (41%) and plenary speakers (25%). At the ESEB congresses in 2001–2011, 9–23% of invited speakers were women. This under‐representation of women is partly attributable to a larger proportion of women, than men, declining invitations: in 2011, 50% of women declined an invitation to speak compared to 26% of men. We expect invited speakers to be scientists from top ranked institutions or authors of recent papers in high‐impact journals. Considering all invited speakers (including declined invitations), 23% were women. This was lower than the baseline sex ratios of early‐mid career stage scientists, but was similar to senior scientists and authors that have published in high‐impact journals. High‐quality science by women therefore has low exposure at international meetings, which will constrain Evolutionary Biology from reaching its full potential. We wish to highlight the wider implications of turning down invitations to speak, and encourage conference organizers to implement steps to increase acceptance rates of invited talks.
Functional Ecology of the Ciliate Glaucomides bromelicola, and Comparison with the Sympatric Species Bromeliothrix metopoides
Authors: Weisse Thomas , Scheffel Ulrike , Stadler Peter , Foissner Wilhelm 
Published: June 2013

AbstractWe investigated the ecology and life strategy of Glaucomides bromelicola (family Bromeliophryidae), a very common ciliate in the reservoirs (tanks) of bromeliads, assessing its response to food quality and quantity and pH. Further, we conducted competition experiments with the frequently coexisting species Bromeliothrix metopoides (family Colpodidae). In contrast to B. metopoides and many other colpodean ciliates, G. bromelicola does not form resting cysts, which jeopardizes this ciliate when its small aquatic habitats dry out. Both species form bactivorous microstomes and flagellate‐feeding macrostomes. However, only G. bromelicola has a low feeding threshold and is able to adapt to different protist food. The higher affinity to the local bacterial and flagellate food renders it the superior competitor relative to B. metopoides. Continuous encystment and excystment of the latter may enable stable coexistence of both species in their natural habitat. Both are tolerant to a wide range of pH (4–9). These ciliates appear to be limited to tank bromeliads because they either lack resting cysts and vectors for long distance dispersal (G. bromelicola) and/or have highly specific food requirements (primarily B. metopoides).
Hiatus Resolution in Spanish: Motivating Forces, Constraining Factors, and Research Methods
Authors: Garrido Marisol 
Published: June 2013

AbstractIn this paper, I review previous research on the tendency to resolve hiatus vowel sequences in Spanish, a phenomenon of language variation, especially reported in Latin American varieties. I report on the main factors that motivate and constrain the observed variability, including the force of internal linguistic principles as well as the external factors (social variables) that mediate on language variation and change. I conclude this paper by discussing some unexplored topics and methodological issues to be considered in future research.
Approaches to Deponency
Authors: Müller Gereon 
Published: June 2013

AbstractThe aim of this article is to give an overview of theoretical approaches to (generalized) deponency, i.e., morpho‐syntactic phenomena in the world's languages that resemble deponent verbs in Latin (where passive morphology accompanies active syntax) in that a ‘wrong form’ is apparently used. The paper has three parts. First, the concept of deponency is introduced. Second, a new taxonomy of approaches is developed that extends Stump's original classification by adding two further groups: (i) form deponency, (ii) property deponency, (iii) spurious morpho‐syntactic deponency, and (iv) spurious morphomic deponency. The discussion yields interesting results concerning preferred choices among (i)–(iv) in the literature (with (i) emerging as surprisingly rare and (iv) as surprisingly widespread), and concerning potential correlations between analysis type and overall grammatical framework (there aren't any). In the third part, I sketch a version of what is arguably a fairly straightforward approach to deponency (even though an actual instantiation so far appears to be outstanding): an optimality‐theoretic analysis that takes the hypothesis that deponency involves ‘wrong forms’ literally.
Genetic relatedness does not retain spatial pattern across multiple spatial scales: dispersal and colonization in the coral, Pocillopora damicornis
Authors: Gorospe Kelvin D. , Karl Stephen A. 
Published: June 2013

AbstractPatterns of isolation by distance are uncommon in coral populations. Here, we depart from historical trends of large‐scale, geographical genetic analyses by scaling down to a single patch reef in Kāne‘ohe Bay, Hawai‘i, USA, and map and genotype all colonies of the coral, Pocillopora damicornis. Six polymorphic microsatellite loci were used to assess population genetic and clonal structure and to calculate individual colony pairwise relatedness values. Our results point to an inbred, highly clonal reef (between 53 and 116 clonal lineages of 2352 genotyped colonies) with a much skewed genet frequency distribution (over 70% of the reef was composed of just seven genotypes). Spatial autocorrelation analyses revealed that corals found close together on the reef were more genetically related than corals further apart. Spatial genetic structure disappears, however, as spatial scale increases and then becomes negative at the largest distances. Stratified, random sampling of three neighbouring reefs confirms that reefs are demographically open and inter‐reef genetic structuring was not detected. Attributing process to pattern in corals is complicated by their mixed reproductive strategies. Separate autocorrelation analyses, however, show that the spatial distribution of both clones and nonclones contributes to spatial genetic structure. Overall, we demonstrate genetic structure on an intrareef scale and genetic panmixia on an inter‐reef scale indicating that, for P. damicornis, the effect of small‐ and large‐scale dispersal processes on genetic diversity are not the same. By starting from an interindividual, intrareef level before scaling up to an inter‐reef level, this study demonstrates that isolation‐by‐distance patterns for the coral P. damicornis are limited to small scales and highlights the importance of investigating genetic patterns and ecological processes at multiple scales.
Samter's triad in childhood: a warning for those prescribing NSAIDs
Authors: Ameratunga Rohan , Randall Nicholas , Dalziel Stuart , Anderson Brian J. 
Published: June 2013

SummaryAspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) has been recognized in adults with chronic asthma. Samter's triad is a subset of AERD where adult patients develop nasal polyps, asthma, and sensitivity to aspirin. This condition is thought not to occur before the third decade of life. We report a 13‐year‐old boy with nasal polyps who suffered a life‐threatening exacerbation of asthma during a graded aspirin challenge. Resuscitation required positive pressure ventilation and inotropic support. Our observations confirm that classical Samter's triad can occur in children. We suggest that graded aspirin challenges in children are undertaken in a facility with equipment and staff trained for resuscitation. Consideration should be given to this rare complication when prescribing nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in the perioperative period. Suspicion of this condition merits referral to an immunologist for desensitization to aspirin.
The Political Economy of “Food Security” and Trade: Uneven and Combined Dependency
Authors: Otero Gerardo , Pechlaner Gabriela , Gürcan Efe Can 
Published: June 2013

Abstract This article critiques the notion of food security through trade promoted by suprastate organizations like theUnitedNationsFood andAgricultureOrganization, theWorldBank, and theWorldTradeOrganization. We use and refine the food‐regime perspective to contest this unwritten rule of the neoliberal food regime. Rather than “mutual dependency” in food between “North” and “South,” as argued byPhilipMcMichael, however, we show that food dependency has been stronger on basic foods in developing countries, while advanced capitalist countries' dependency has been mostly on luxury foods. Also, the more that developing countries become dependent on food imports and exports, the more they will be importing the “world food price” for the relevant commodities. Food‐price inflation will more adversely affect their working classes, which spend larger shares of their household budgets on food. Our empirical focus is on food dependency in emerging nations—Brazil,China,India,Mexico, andTurkey—in comparison with long‐standing agricultural exporting powerhouses, theUnitedStates andCanada. Using longitudinal data fromFAOSTAT, we show that food security in the neoliberal food regime can best be characterized as “uneven and combined dependency.”
Toxoplasma gondii Recombinant Antigens as Tools for Serodiagnosis of Human Toxoplasmosis: Current Status of Studies
Authors: Holec-Gąsior Lucyna 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACTToxoplasma gondiiis a parasitic protozoan which is the cause of toxoplasmosis. Although human toxoplasmosis in healthy adults is usually asymptomatic, serious disease can occur in the case of congenital infections and immunocompromised individuals. Furthermore, despite the exact recognition of its etiology, it still presents a diagnostic problem. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is mainly based on the results of serological tests detecting anti-T. gondii-specific antibodies in the patient's serum sample. The specificities and sensitivities of serology tests depend mostly on the diagnostic antigen(s) used. Most of the commercial serological kits currently available are based onToxoplasmalysate antigens (TLAs). In recent years, many studies showed that recombinant antigenic proteins ofT. gondiimay be an alternative source of antigens which are very useful for the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis. This article presents a review of current studies on the application and usefulness of differentT. gondiirecombinant antigens in serological tests for the diagnosis of human toxoplasmosis.
Prediction of Treatment Efficacy and Telaprevir-Resistant Variants after Triple Therapy in Patients Infected with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1
Authors: Akuta Norio , Suzuki Fumitaka , Fukushima Taito , Kawamura Yusuke , Sezaki Hitomi , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Hosaka Tetsuya , Kobayashi Masahiro , Hara Tasuku , Kobayashi Mariko , Saitoh Satoshi , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: June 2013

ABSTRACT

It is often difficult to predict the response to telaprevir-pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)-ribavirin triple therapy and the appearance of telaprevir-resistant variants. The present study determined the predictive factors of a sustained virological response (SVR) to 12- or 24-week triple therapy (T12PR12 or T12PR24, respectively) in 194 Japanese patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b (HCV-1b). The study also evaluated whether ultradeep sequencing technology can predict at baseline the emergence of resistant variants after the start of therapy. Analysis of the data of the entire group indicated that an SVR was achieved in 78% of the patients. Multivariate analysis identified
IL28B
rs8099917 (genotype TT), the substitution of amino acid (aa) 70 (Arg70), response to prior treatment (naive or relapse), PEG-IFN dose (≥1.3 μg/kg of body weight), and treatment regimen (T12PR24) as significant determinants of SVR. Among patients of the T12PR24 group, 92% with genotype TT achieved an SVR, irrespective of a substitution at aa 70. In patients with the non-TT genotype, an SVR was achieved in 76% of those with Arg70, while only 14% of patients with the non-TT genotype, Gln70(His70), and nonresponse to ribavirin combination therapy achieved an SVR. Ultradeep sequencing was conducted for 17 patients who did not achieve an SVR to determine the emergence of resistant variants during therapy.
De novo
resistant variants were detected in 16 of 17 patients (94%), regardless of the variant frequencies detected at baseline. In conclusion, the results indicate that the response to triple therapy can be predicted by the combination of host, viral, and treatment factors and that it is difficult to predict at baseline the telaprevir-resistant variants that emerge during triple therapy, even with the use of ultradeep sequencing.
Service use following attendance at an emergency department with an head injury: a 6-month survey
Authors: Seeley Helen , Maimaris Chris , Allanson Judith , Pickard John , Hutchinson Peter 
Published: June 2013

ObjectivesTo survey the attendance of patients presenting with a head injury (HI) at a UK emergency department (ED), identifying numbers, types of service and referral routes; to survey subsequent service use and to highlight the challenges in service planning and identifying which patients may potentially benefit from follow-up/rehabilitation input.DesignA retrospective population-based case series study using multiple prospective and retrospective data sources.MethodsAdults from the National Health Service (NHS) Cambridgeshire catchment area attending an ED over a 6-month period with a HI were identified from detailed ED reports, and any service use within the hospital after injury was tracked using a number of data sources.Results1036 patients presented on 1081 occasions with a HI during the 6 months. Of the 1081 HIs, 979 (91%) were mild (Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score 13–15), 70 (6%) were moderate (GCS score 9–12), and 32 (3%) were severe (GCS score <9). A number of types of referral routes and systems were identified and analysed: 873 (81%) patients were discharged directly from ED, with four offered HI-specific follow-up. Of 208 admissions, 27 (2%) were to neurosurgical care, and 35 (3%) patients were offered HI-specific follow-up, 24 of these being in a specialist neurotrauma clinic. Follow-up started between 1 and 18 months after injury. At 24 months after injury, follow-up for 10 of these was still ongoing.ConclusionsThese study findings highlight the difficulties in identifying patients who would benefit from follow-up, in particular after mild HI. Our study findings will form the basis of a long-term follow-up study.