bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of students’ travellers values and needs in order to establish futures patterns and insights
Authors: Cavagnaro Elena , Staffieri Simona 
Published: April 2015

Purpose
If the only viable future for tourism is sustainable tourism then ways should be sought to increase the demand for sustainable offers. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether sustainability values influence the travel needs of students. The aim is to discover cues in the present behaviour of young tourists that can enhance sustainable travel choices and therefore secure the future of the tourism industry. Moreover, the study provides a solid basis for predicting the future travel behaviour of young tourists.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected in The Netherlands in 2013 through a survey. A non‐probabilistic sample of 365 students (a sub‐group of young tourists) was reached. Multivariate analyses were used to test whether position in the social structure and value orientation influence the travel need. The logistic models allowed youth tourism behaviour to be predicted.

Findings
Respondents with a biospheric value orientation associate travel with being in contact with nature and chose rest as a motivation. This is highly interesting from a future perspective because biospheric values are considered the most stable antecedent of sustainable behaviour. Findings also highlight women's role as the sustainable tourists of the future: women harbour strong sustainability values and see travel as a growth opportunity.

Research limitations/implications
This research focuses on travel needs because this is the most future‐oriented phase of the tourism experience, and on students because they tend to travel independently. Future research might include travel consumption and evaluation as well as non‐students in the sample to give a more balanced view on young tourists. Future research might also include values not related to sustainability to assess their relative strengths in influencing youth tourism.

Practical implications
Both policy makers and industry could capitalise on the sustainability values already present in young people's need for travel to nudge this group – who represents tourism's future – towards a sustainable tourism choice. For example, strengthening sustainability values through marketing and education will increase demand for a sustainable offer.

Originality/value
Values related to sustainability influence general tourism choices by young travellers, and not only choices related to a sustainability offer. This finding suggests a path to address the classic dilemma between individualism and sustainability and assure tourism's future by showing young travellers that they already harbour sustainability values.
Pollen diversity captures landscape structure and diversity
Authors: Matthias Isabelle , Semmler Malte Sebastian Swen , Giesecke Thomas 
Published: April 2015

Summary

Past changes in plant and landscape diversity can be evaluated through pollen analysis, however, pollen‐based diversity indexes are potentially biased by differential pollen production and deposition. Studies examining the relationship between pollen and landscape diversity are therefore needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate how different pollen‐based indexes capture aspects of landscape diversity.

Pollen counts were obtained from surface samples of 50 small‐ to medium‐sized lakes in Brandenburg (north‐east Germany) and compiled into two sets, with one containing all pollen counts from terrestrial plants and the second restricted to wind‐pollinated taxa. Both sets were adjusted for the pollen production/dispersal bias using the REVEALS model. A high‐resolution biotope map was used to extract the density of total biotopes and different biotopes per area as parameters describing landscape diversity. In addition, tree species diversity was obtained from forest inventory data.

The Shannon index and the number of taxa in a sample of 10 pollen grains are highly correlated and provide a useful measure of pollen type diversity which corresponds best to landscape diversity within one km of the lake and the proportion of non‐forested area within seven km. Adjustments of the pollen production/dispersal bias only slightly improve the relationships between pollen diversity and landscape diversity for the restricted data set as well as for the forest inventory data and corresponding pollen types.

Using rarefaction analysis, we propose the following convention: pollen type diversity is represented by the number of types in a small sample (low count e.g. 10), pollen type richness is the number of types in a large sample (high count e.g. 500), and pollen sample evenness is characterized by the ratio of the two.

Synthesis. Pollen type diversity is a robust index that captures vegetation structure and landscape diversity. It is ideally suited for between site comparisons as it does not require high pollen counts. In concert with pollen type richness and evenness, it helps evaluating the effect of climate change and human land use on vegetation structure on long timescales.
Time to subsequent live birth according to mode of delivery in the first birth
Authors: O'Neill SM , Khashan AS , Kenny LC , Kearney PM , Mortensen PB , Greene RA , Agerbo E , Uldbjerg N , Henriksen TB 
Published: April 2015

ObjectiveTo estimate the rate and time to next live birth by mode of delivery.DesignHospital‐based cohort.SettingAarhus University Hospital (AUH), Denmark.PopulationAll pregnant women attending AUH were invited to enroll in the Aarhus Birth Cohort (ABC) study between 1989 and 2010 (n = 91 625).MethodsWomen were followed from their first live birth until the subsequent live birth or until censoring due to study end using Cox regression models.Main outcome measuresRate and time to subsequent live birth according to mode of delivery.Results46 162 index live births were identified, of which 22 462 (49%) had a subsequent live birth. Women with any type of caesarean had a 6% reduction in the rate of subsequent live birth (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89, 0.98), which remained unchanged in the analysis by type (emergency, HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.89, 1.02; elective, HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.85, 0.98) compared with women who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD). Operative vaginal delivery was associated with an 8% reduction in subsequent live birth rates (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86, 0.98) and vaginal delivery complicated by shoulder dystocia with a 19% reduction compared with SVD. Median time to next birth in days was shortest in women with a first caesarean (994 days, 95% CI 973, 1026) and longest in women with a vaginal delivery complicated by shoulder dystocia (1065 days, 95% CI 994, 1191). In women with planned pregnancies, the shortest median time to second birth was in women with breech vaginal deliveries (859 days, 95% CI 737, 1089) and the longest in women with vaginal deliveries complicated by shoulder dystocia (1193 days, 95% CI 1028, 1430).ConclusionThe impact of mode of delivery on subsequent rate and time to next birth was minimal in this study. The greatest reduction was among women with assisted vaginal delivery complicated by shoulder dystocia. This study is strengthened by data on pregnancy planning as well as information on complications of pregnancy, delivery and neonatal morbidities, all of which may influence a woman's decision on subsequent birth.
Human Cutaneous Myiasis by the Australian Sheep Blowfly, Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae), in Oklahoma
Authors: Ahadizadeh Emily N. , Ketchum Heather R. , Wheeler Russell 
Published: April 2015

AbstractThis case report describes an incident of myiasis in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Paramedics treated a 53‐year‐old man in the field when he suffered cardiac arrest. He was intubated by the paramedics and transported to an emergency room, where he received two stents and a balloon pump. He was found to have a GCS of three and remained in the hospital for 7 days before passing away. After his death, the breathing tube was removed, revealing the presence of several maggots. On closer inspection, the dipteran larvae were found in both the oral and nasal cavities. Four of these larvae were reared to adulthood and identified as Lucilia cuprina (Weidemann) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), commonly known as the Australian sheep blowfly, by the Biology Department of the University of Oklahoma. Based on the fly's life cycle and rate of development, the infestation is suspected to be hospital acquired.
Correlations between phytohemagglutinin response and leukocyte profile, and bactericidal capacity in a wild rodent
Authors: ZHANG Zhiqiang , ZHAO Zhijun 
Published: April 2015

Abstractphytohemagglutinin (PHA)‐induced swelling is widely used to investigate cell‐mediated and innate immunity across different vertebrate taxa. However, its physiological mechanism is still an open question due to the complexity of the involved immune components. In the present study, we measured the synchronous variations of PHA response, the proportion of different subtypes of leukocytes, as well as serum bactericidal capacity in circulation blood at 6, 12 and 24 h after PHA versus PBS injection in striped hamster, Cricetulus barabensis. First, the results showed that PHA responses reached a peak at 6 h postinjection, then sharply declined at 12 h and 24 h postinjection. Serum bactericidal capacity was higher at 6 h and 12 h than at 24 h. The proportion of different subtypes of leukocytes, as well as the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes did not display significant changes across different time points. Second, PHA response was positively correlated with the proportion of neutrophils and serum bactericidal capacity. The proportion of monocytes was negatively correlated with that of eosinophils and neutrophils. The proportion of basophils was negatively correlated with that of lymphocytes. Our results indicate that earlier enhanced PHA response is important for the striped hamster to cope with changing environmental conditions due to its small body mass, and the increased components of innate immunity in circulation blood may contribute to the enhancement of PHA swelling response.
The Nursing Diagnosis Disturbed Thought Processes in Psychiatric Patients: Prevalence and Associated Characteristics
Authors: Escalada‐Hernández Paula , Marín‐Fernández Blanca 
Published: April 2015

PurposeTo analyze the frequency of the nursing diagnosis disturbed thought processes (DTP) (00130) in a sample of psychiatric and psychogeriatric patients in medium‐ and long‐term units and to describe those factors associated with its presence.MethodsA secondary analysis of the data obtained in a multicentric and cross‐sectional study developed in Spain was undertaken.FindingsThe total sample was 624 patients, from which 39.4% (n = 246) had the nursing diagnosis DTP. A statistically significant relationship between the presence of DTP and different variables was found.ConclusionsThe nursing diagnosis DTP is very frequent among psychiatric and psychogeriatric institutionalized patients.Implications for Nursing PracticePatients with DTP may require a more complex nursing attention as its presence is associated with specific care needs.
Evaluating the effect of oral administration of Echinacea hydroethanolic extract on the immune system in dog
Authors: Torkan S. , Khamesipour F. , Katsande S. 
Published: April 2015

Summary

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of oral administration of Echinacea hydroethanolic extract on the dog's immune system.

The study was performed on 14 dogs that were referred to the veterinary clinic. These dogs were randomly allocated to two equal treatment groups. The first group received 1 ml of 5% Echinacea hydroethanolic extract two times a day for 2 months, and the second group received a placebo (water). To do haematology and immunology tests, the dogs were bled on days 0, 30 and 60. Blood tests, including packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC), white blood cell count (WBC), counting neutrophils (Nut), lymphocytes (Lym), monocytes (Mon), eosinophils (Eos), basophils (Baso) and B cell, were performed. Furthermore, safety factor IgM and per cent of phagocytosis and phagocyte were measured from the blood sample.

The results showed that in the group which received Echinacea PCV, Hb, RBC count, WBC count, Lym, Nut, the per cent of phagocytosis and IgM significantly increased (P < 0.05). Moreover, positive effects of Echinacea plant on the immune system were observed. There was a significant change in HTC, RBC, Hb over time in the group that received Echinacea and the per cent of phagocytosis and IgM (P < 0.05).

The study establishes that these extracts might have appreciable immunostimulatory activity. However, further studies are required to confirm these findings.
Activation of KIT modulates the function of tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand receptor (TRAIL‐R) in mast cells
Authors: Förster A. , Grotha S. P. , Seeger J. M. , Rabenhorst A. , Gehring M. , Raap U. , Létard S. , Dubreuil P. , Kashkar H. , Walczak H. , Roers A. , Hartmann K. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundMastocytosis is characterized by the accumulation of mast cells (MCs) associated with activating mutations of KIT. Tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand receptors (TRAIL‐Rs) are preferentially expressed on neoplastic cells and induce the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Recent studies reported on the expression of TRAIL‐Rs and TRAIL‐induced apoptosis in cultured human MCs, which depend on stem cell factor (SCF)‐induced or constitutive KIT activation.Material and methodsWe sought to further define the impact of TRAIL‐Rs on MCs in vivo and in vitro. Using Cre/loxP recombination, we generated mice with MC‐specific and ubiquitous knockout of TRAIL‐R. In these mice, anaphylaxis and numbers of MCs were investigated. We also explored the expression and function of TRAIL‐Rs in cultured murine and human MCs upon activation of KIT. By conducting immunofluorescence staining, we analyzed the expression of TRAIL‐Rs in MCs infiltrating the bone marrow of patients with mastocytosis.ResultsMC‐specific deletion of TRAIL‐R was associated with a slight, but significant increase in anaphylaxis. Numbers of MCs in MC‐specific knockouts of TRAIL‐R were comparable to controls. Whereas cultured IL‐3‐dependent murine MCs from wild‐type mice were resistant to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis, SCF‐stimulated MCs underwent apoptosis in response to TRAIL. Interestingly, activating KIT mutations also promoted sensitivity to TRAIL‐mediated apoptosis in human MCs. In line with these findings, MCs infiltrating the bone marrow of patients with mastocytosis expressed TRAIL‐R1.ConclusionsActivation of KIT regulates the function of TRAIL‐Rs in MCs. TRAIL‐R1 may represent an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic target in diseases associated with KIT mutations, such as mastocytosis.
Notch signaling mediates granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor priming‐induced transendothelial migration of human eosinophils
Authors: Liu L.Y. , Wang H. , Xenakis J. J. , Spencer L. A. 
Published: April 2015

AbstractBackgroundPriming with cytokines such as granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) enhances eosinophil migration and exacerbates the excessive accumulation of eosinophils within the bronchial mucosa of asthmatics. However, mechanisms that drive GM‐CSF priming are incompletely understood. Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that regulates cellular processes, including migration, by integrating exogenous and cell‐intrinsic cues. This study investigates the hypothesis that the priming‐induced enhanced migration of human eosinophils requires the Notch signaling pathway.MethodsUsing pan Notch inhibitors and newly developed human antibodies that specifically neutralize Notch receptor 1 activation, we investigated a role for Notch signaling in GM‐CSF‐primed transmigration of human blood eosinophils in vitro and in the airway accumulation of mouse eosinophils in vivo.ResultsNotch receptor 1 was constitutively active in freshly isolated human blood eosinophils, and inhibition of Notch signaling or specific blockade of Notch receptor 1 activation during GM‐CSF priming impaired priming‐enhanced eosinophil transendothelial migration in vitro. Inclusion of Notch signaling inhibitors during priming was associated with diminished ERK phosphorylation, and ERK‐MAPK activation was required for GM‐CSF priming‐induced transmigration. In vivo in mice, eosinophil accumulation within allergic airways was impaired following systemic treatment with Notch inhibitor, or adoptive transfer of eosinophils treated ex vivo with Notch inhibitor.ConclusionsThese data identify Notch signaling as an intrinsic pathway central to GM‐CSF priming‐induced eosinophil tissue migration.
Using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) to Predict Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties on Positive and Negative Affect Among Adolescents in Disadvantaged Communities
Authors: Abdul Kadir Nor Ba'yah , Mustapha Zaidah , Abdul Mutalib Mimi Hanida , Yakub Nur Asyikin 
Published: April 2015

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to predict the positive and negative affects of emotional and behavioral difficulties among adolescent boys and girls aged between 14 and 21 years living in disadvantaged communities. A total of 316 adolescents—181 boys and 135 girls—living in the Seri Pantai and Pantai Ria Public Housing Projects in Kuala Lumpur were invited to complete the questionnaire. The results showed that conduct and peer problems were the most prevalent emotional and behavioral difficulties experienced by these adolescents. As expected, the emotional symptoms were more common among the girls than the boys. A further analysis showed that emotional symptoms, peer problems, and low prosocial behavior were predictors of the negative affect of emotional and behavioral difficulties while negative emotional symptoms and high hyperactivity were predictors of a positive affect. The findings suggested that three subscales of SDQ are required to produce a negative affect, and two subscales of SDQ for a positive affect.
Rapid ventricular pacing‐induced postconditioning attenuates reperfusion injury: effects on peroxynitrite, RISK and SAFE pathways
Authors: Pipicz Márton , Varga Zoltán V , Kupai Krisztina , Gáspár Renáta , Kocsis Gabriella F , Csonka Csaba , Csont Tamás 
Published: April 2015

Background and PurposeRapid ventricular pacing (RVP) applied before an index ischaemia has anti‐ischaemic effects. Here, we investigated whether RVP applied after index ischaemia attenuates reperfusion injury and whether peroxynitrite, reperfusion injury salvage kinase (RISK) and survival activating factor enhancement (SAFE) pathways as well as haem oxygenase 1 (HO1) are involved in the mechanism of RVP‐induced postconditioning.Experimental ApproachLangendorff perfused rat hearts were subjected to 30 min regional ischaemia and 120 min reperfusion with or without ischaemic postconditioning (6 × 10/10 s reperfusion/ischaemia; IPost) or RVP (6 × 10/10 s non‐pacing/rapid pacing at 600 bpm) applied at the onset of reperfusion.Key ResultsMeta‐analysis of our previous studies revealed an association between longer reperfusion‐induced ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation with decreased infarct size. In the present experiments, we tested whether RVP is cardioprotective and found that both IPost and RVP significantly decreased infarct size; however, only RVP attenuated the incidence of reperfusion‐induced ventricular tachycardia. Both postconditioning methods increased the formation of cardiac 3‐nitrotyrosine and superoxide, and non‐significantly enhanced Akt phosphorylation at the beginning of reperfusion without affecting ERK1/2 and STAT3, while IPost alone induced HO1. Application of brief ischaemia/reperfusion cycles or RVP without preceding index ischaemia also facilitated peroxynitrite formation; nevertheless, only brief RVP increased STAT3 phosphorylation.Conclusions and ImplicationsShort periods of RVP at the onset of reperfusion are cardioprotective and increase peroxynitrite formation similarly to IPost and thus may serve as an alternative postconditioning method. However, downstream mechanisms of the protection elicited by IPost and RVP seem to be partially different.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Conditioning the Heart – Pathways to Translation. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue‐8
Correlation between the International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification and genomic signature in neuroblastoma
Authors: Nakazawa Atsuko , Haga Chizuko , Ohira Miki , Okita Hajime , Kamijo Takehiko , Nakagawara Akira 
Published: April 2015

The International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification (INPC) has a prognostic impact that distinguishes two categories of neuroblastoma: favorable histology (FH) and unfavorable histology (UH). We analyzed 92 cases of neuroblastoma with the INPC evaluation and genomic grouping to investigate the correlation between the INPC and genomic signature, together with their prognostic significance. The correlation of UH tumor and partial gains and/or losses (GGP), as well as the correlation of FH tumor and whole gains and/or losses (GGW), was statistically significant. Both UH and GGP were late‐onset (median age at diagnosis was 36 and 48 months, respectively) and had poor prognosis (overall survival rate [OS], 43.1% and 42.4%, respectively). In contrast, both FH and GGW were early‐onset (median age at diagnosis, 4 and 9.5 months, respectively) and had favorable prognosis (OS, 88.6% and 87.1%, respectively). Unfavorable histology and GGP had significantly inferior OS compared to FH and GGW. Overall survival was not significantly different among the genomic groups in FH; however, it was inferior in UH with GGP. In UH with a single copy MYCN, genomic subgroups GGP2s (both 1p and 11q losses) and GGP3s (partial 11q loss but not 1p loss) indicated significantly poor prognosis compared to GGP4s (no partial 1p and 11q loss). As INPC and MYCN amplification were found to be the most powerful prognostic biological factors, they should be included with genomic grouping as treatment stratification for patients with UH and single copy of MYCN.
Novel Selective Inhibitor of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis Arginase
Authors: da Silva Edson R. , Boechat Nubia , Pinheiro Luiz C. S. , Bastos Monica M. , Costa Carolina C. P. , Bartholomeu Juliana C. , da Costa Talita H. 
Published: April 2015

Arginase is a glycosomal enzyme in Leishmania that is involved in polyamine and trypanothione biosynthesis. The central role of arginase in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis was demonstrated by the generation of two mutants: one with an arginase lacking the glycosomal addressing signal and one in which the arginase‐coding gene was knocked out. Both of these mutants exhibited decreased infectivity. Thus, arginase seems to be a potential drug target for Leishmania treatment. In an attempt to search for arginase inhibitors, 29 derivatives of the [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine system were tested against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis arginase in vitro. The [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine scaffold containing R1 = CF3 exhibited greater activity against the arginase rather than when the substituent R1 = CH3 in the 2‐position. The novel compound 2‐(5‐methyl‐2‐(trifluoromethyl)‐[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidin‐7‐yl)hydrazinecarbothioamide (30) was the most potent, inhibiting arginase by a non‐competitive mechanism, with the Ki and IC50 values for arginase inhibition estimated to be 17 ± 1 μm and 16.5 ± 0.5 μm, respectively. These results can guide the development of new drugs against leishmaniasis based on [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives targeting the arginase enzyme.