bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The polder systems legacies in the early twentieth century affect the contemporary landscape in the Jianghan Plain of Hubei, China
Authors: Li Yikai , Dai Hemiao , Dai Zhiyun , Zhang Li 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
The long-term interaction between the environment and humans has significantly shaped contemporary landscapes worldwide. As a heritage landscape, the polder is essential for understanding the impact of the past human activities on contemporary landscape on low-lying area of land. In this case study, we reconstructed the regional spatial distribution of the polders in the early twentieth century and examined their coherence over the past century using historical maps and other materials in the Jianghan Plain. The results revealed several key findings: (1) In the early twentieth century, there were 1571 polders covering an area of 11,826.1 km2 with a perimeter of 17,035.9 km. (2) These polders exhibited a J-shaped distribution, with few large-scale polders despite their substantial areas. (3) The shape of these polders reflected an ability to balance human needs and the natural environment. (4) Considerable regional differences in these polders were attributed to centuries-old interactions between humans and the environment. (5) The remnants of these early twentieth century polders have had a lasting influence on the contemporary landscape, particularly in rural areas. This case study underscores how taking into account a broader historical perspective can enhance our understanding of present-day landscapes and, more importantly, the role that past human actions have played in shaping them.
Growth dynamics of lung nodules: implications for classification in lung cancer screening
Authors: Ocaña-Tienda Beatriz , Eroles-Simó Alba , Pérez-Beteta Julián , Arana Estanislao , Pérez-García Víctor M. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Lung nodules observed in cancer screening are believed to grow exponentially, and their associated volume doubling time (VDT) has been proposed for nodule classification. This retrospective study aimed to elucidate the growth dynamics of lung nodules and determine the best classification as either benign or malignant.

Methods
Data were analyzed from 180 participants (73.7% male) enrolled in the I-ELCAP screening program (140 primary lung cancer and 40 benign) with three or more annual CT examinations before resection. Attenuation, volume, mass and growth patterns (decelerated, linear, subexponential, exponential and accelerated) were assessed and compared as classification methods.

Results
Most lung cancers (83/140) and few benign nodules (11/40) exhibited an accelerated, faster than exponential, growth pattern. Half (50%) of the benign nodules versus 26.4% of the malignant ones displayed decelerated growth. Differences in growth patterns allowed nodule malignancy to be classified, the most effective individual variable being the increase in volume between two-year-interval scans (ROC-AUC = 0.871). The same metric on the first two follow-ups yielded an AUC value of 0.769. Further classification into solid, part-solid or non-solid, improved results (ROC-AUC of 0.813 in the first year and 0.897 in the second year).

Conclusions
In our dataset, most lung cancers exhibited accelerated growth in contrast to their benign counterparts. A measure of volumetric growth allowed discrimination between benign and malignant nodules. Its classification power increased when adding information on nodule compactness. The combination of these two meaningful and easily obtained variables could be used to assess malignancy of lung cancer nodules.
Disparity of metatibial and metatarsal cuticular and sensory structures in Cixiidae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) with a metatibiotarsal diagnosis for the tribes
Authors: Brożek Jolanta , Stroiński Adam , Romaniak Anna , Bourgoin Thierry 
Published: August 2024

AbstractA review of the cuticular and sensory metatibial and metatarsal structures in cixiid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) is proposed, depicting both their strong disparity and the great diversity of the patterns observed. Terminology and definitions for these structures are provided. The so-called lateral teeth of the metatibia in fact are particular styloconic sensory structures, called spiniform sensilla in Cixiidae. The apical metatibiotarsal teeth are non-sensory cuticular expansions, often bearing one or several chaetic sensilla ventrally, generally distributed in an internal and an external group of three teeth each, in some instances separated by a diastema; innermost and outermost teeth are generally larger. On the first tarsomere seven to eight teeth generally occur in one row, although two rows are observed in Brixidiini. A strong diversity of conformations and patterns is observed in the second metatarsomere. A specific subdorsal sensillum, of platellar type, may be present in the first metatarsomere teeth for a few taxa. It is generally present in the second metatarsomere, either as a narrow-based acutellar sensillum or as a broad-based platellar sensillum according to the taxon. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of 54 species of cixiids from all described tribes of the family, supplemented by data from the literature, are used to provide a metatibiotarsal diagnosis for each of the tribes of Cixiidae. In the state of our knowledge of the sufficiently precise observations of metatibiotarsal structures in the Cixiidae which are available, and of the phylogeny of the group as a frame of reference for their interpretations, we note that the observed patterns are probably the result of multiple and independent convergences and evolutionary regressions. These occurred at all levels of cixiid classification. Although these patterns can be useful in the identification of taxa at a low taxonomic level, they would be less useful for phylogenetic approaches.
Facilitating choice when engaging young people with disabilities: reflections from co-researcher training
Authors: Nicholson Emma , Mimmo Laurel , Christophers Lauren , Costa Sa Maria Elena , MacKeogh Trish 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
A collaborative approach is critical in inclusive research and should incorporate taking time to build relationships with co-researchers based on trust and shared understanding. Involvement can often be seen as tokenistic and in order to avoid this, it is important to provide opportunities for people to exercise choice throughout the research process.

Main body
The current paper outlines learnings from a co-researcher training process for young people with disabilities to identify the ways in which meaningful choice can be facilitated with this group. While conducting training of co-researchers in topics such as research methods, we were continuously led by the group with regards to the directions that the sessions took and promoted problem solving with the group to accommodate the unique needs of all members. The overall aim of a wider project was to develop research capacity in a group of young people with disabilities through co-researcher training and this paper will report on learnings from this work with regards to how we sought to provide opportunities for the co-researchers to exercise choice within research projects. Feedback from the group of young people highlighted the variety of needs and expectations that must be accommodated in such a process and therefore, allowing them to dictate the extent and manner of their engagement is key. Young people with disabilities are a heterogeneous group and therefore, some methodologies and ways of working required adaptation in order to facilitate meaningful choice and engagement for all.

Conclusion
Providing meaningful opportunities for demonstrating their choices, in relation to elements of research projects, is a critical component of facilitating a rights-based approach when conducting co-research and requires researchers to cede some level of control over the research process to co-researchers. This can be difficult to achieve in practice and researchers must continuously reflect on their own practice and be willing to change and adapt throughout the process.
Actinomyces funkei bacteraemia and infected pulmonary cavities in an intravenous drug user: a case report
Authors: Perinpanathan Tanaraj , Beckett Katherine , Smith Chris 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Actinomyces spp. are most commonly found in human commensal flora; however, they have also been shown to cause suppurative infections. We present a case of a rare Actinomyces funkei bacteraemia from an infected deep vein thrombosis in a patient who went on to develop pulmonary cavities secondary to septic emboli. Infected thrombi and septic emboli have been associated with other Actinomyces spp. in the literature, often posing a diagnostic challenge and, in some cases, causing drastic clinical deterioration in patients. The literature regarding Actinomyces funkei is scarce and to our knowledge there are no reports of a relationship between this Actinomyces subspecies and infected thrombi or septic emboli.

Case presentation
The patient was a 39-year-old known intravenous drug user who presented with a groin injecting site sinus and systemic symptoms. The bacteria was first observed by gram staining of a blood culture sample after 48 h of incubation and the species was identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) as Actinomyces funkei. Sputum cytology/histology with cell block revealed a branching gram-positive species suspicious of slow growing bacteria or fungus. CT imaging of his lower limb and chest revealed an extensive DVT with inflammatory changes and pulmonary cavities respectively. The patient was treated with Ceftriaxone before being discharged with a 6-month course of Linezolid. He made a good recovery with reduction in size of the cavitating lung lesions on follow-up imaging.

Conclusions
This case report presents a difficult-to-diagnose bacterial infection in an intravenous drug user, complicated by bacteraemia and secondary septic emboli. Relatively little is known about Actinomyces funkei, and therefore this report aims to increase clinician awareness of diagnosis, management, and complications.
Untrammeling the wilderness: restoring natural conditions through the return of human-ignited fire
Authors: Boerigter Clare E. , Parks Sean A. , Long Jonathan W. , Coop Jonathan D. , Armstrong Melanie , Hankins Don L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractHistorical and contemporary policies and practices, including the suppression of lightning-ignited fires and the removal of intentional fires ignited by Indigenous peoples, have resulted in over a century of fire exclusion across many of the USA’s landscapes. Within many designated wilderness areas, this intentional exclusion of fire has clearly altered ecological processes and thus constitutes a fundamental and ubiquitous act of trammeling. Through a framework that recognizes four orders of trammeling, we demonstrate the substantial, long-term, and negative effects of fire exclusion on the natural conditions of fire-adapted wilderness ecosystems. In order to untrammel more than a century of fire exclusion, the implementation of active programs of intentional burning may be necessary across some wilderness landscapes. We also suggest greater recognition and accommodation of Indigenous cultural burning, a practice which Tribes used to shape and maintain many fire-adapted landscapes for thousands of years before Euro-American colonization, including landscapes today designated as wilderness. Human-ignited fire may be critical to restoring the natural character of fire-adapted wilderness landscapes and can also support ecocultural restoration efforts sought by Indigenous peoples.
Adaptive wildfire spread prediction for complex terrain: modeling the effectiveness of sprinkler systems
Authors: Kim Jaekyoung , Ahn Junghyeon , Kang Junsuk 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Because the threat of wildfires to global ecosystems and society continues to rise, this study provides an experimental simulation framework that assesses the spread and reduction of wildfires to evaluate the effectiveness of adaptation methods in reducing their impact. The process entails selecting a vulnerable wildfire area and adaptation method, then generating the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Monitoring data are then used to configure the model, set boundary conditions, and simulate the fire. The effectiveness of the adaptation method in minimizing damage in the area of interest is evaluated by comparing simulations with and without the chosen adaptation method. Our focus area was a natural recreational forest in Wonju, Gangwon-do, Korea, and our adaptation method was a water sprinkler system.

Results
Our framework provides aims to provide an experimental means of assessing the wildfire spread path and spread area based on exogenous variables of wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, and more. The sprinkler adaptation had a reduction effect of 20% in the wildfire spread rate for the 10-h period, which refers to the time limit of the simulation after ignition. We revealed that at higher wind speeds, the fire primarily follows the wind direction; whereas at lower wind speeds, the fire is more influenced by the topography. Additionally, 60 min after ignition, the adaptation methods can suppress wildfire spread by > 70%. Notably, sprinklers reduce smoke concentrations by up to 50% (ppm) over the affected area.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the potential effectiveness of a comprehensive CFD model in mitigating wildfire spread using sprinkler systems as an experimental analysis. Key results include a 20% reduction in wildfire within 10 h of ignition, significant influence of wind speed on spread patterns, and a reduction of smoke concentrations, improving air quality. These findings highlight the potential of CFD-based frameworks to enhance wildfire response strategies. However, it is important to note that this study’s limitations include the lack of experimental or measured fire behavior data, which should be considered when interpreting the effectiveness of the CFD model.
Validation of angiography-derived Murray law-based quantitative flow reserve (μQFR) against pressure-derived instantaneous wave-free ratio for assessing coronary lesions, a single-center study in Egypt
Authors: Samaan Amir Anwar , Mostafa Amir , Wahba Sherif Lotfy , Kerlos Matteo , Elamragy Ahmed Adel , Shelbaya Khaled , Elsobky Yasmin , Hassan Mohamed 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Background
Instantaneous wave-free ratio (iwFR) is a well-validated method for functional evaluation of intermediate coronary lesions. A recently developed Murray law-based QFR (µQFR) allows wire-free FFR estimation using a high-quality single angiographic projection. We aim to determine the diagnostic accuracy of µQFR as compared to wire-based iwFR for physiological assessment of coronary lesions in a sample of Egyptian patients.

Results
Over a one-year period, patients who previously underwent iwFR assessment of an intermediate coronary stenosis (40–90%) were retrospectively included. μQFR analysis was then performed offline using a dedicated artificial intelligence (AI)-aided computation software. All the measurements were performed blinded to iwFR results, and the agreement between iwFR and μQFR values was tested. Forty-nine patients (mean age 57.9 ± 9 years, 72.9% males) were included. Mean value of iwFR and μQFR was 0.90 ± 0.075 and 0.79 ± 0.129, respectively. There was a significant moderate positive linear correlation between μQFR and iwFR (r = 0.47, p = 0.001; 95% CI 0.22–0.68) with moderate-to-substantial agreement between the two methods (Kappa 0.6). In assessing the diagnostic accuracy of μQFR, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve yielded an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.84 (95% CI 0.717–0.962) for predicting functionally significant lesions defined as iwFR < 0.89. The sensitivity and specificity of μQFR < 0.8 for detecting physiological significance of coronary lesions were 89% and 74% with positive and negative predictive values of 70 and 91%, respectively.

Conclusion
µQFR has good diagnostic accuracy for predicting functionally significant coronary lesions with moderate correlation and agreement with the gold standard iwFR. Angiography-derived µQFR could be a promising tool for improving the utilization of physiology-guided revascularization.
The Use of Augmented Reality as an Educational Tool in Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Schmidt Franziska A. , Hussain Ibrahim , Boadi Blake , Sommer Fabian J. , Thomé Claudius , Härtl Roger 
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
One of the major challenges in training neurosurgical and orthopedic residents the technique for minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) is the lack of visualization of surgical landmarks (pedicle, pars, lamina). This is due to the limited access to the bony spine through a tubular retractor, in addition to a smaller working corridor or patient-specific factors such as bony overgrowth, disk space collapse, and listhesis. These factors increase the possibility for surgical error and prolonged surgery time. With augmented reality (AR), relevant surgical anatomy can be projected directly into the user's field of view through the microscope. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility, accuracy, efficiency, and precision of AR-guided MIS-TLIF and to determine its impact in spine surgery training.

METHODS:
At 2 centers, 12 neurosurgical residents performed a one-level MIS-TLIF on a high-fidelity lumbar spine simulation model with and without AR projection into the microscope. For the MIS-TLIF procedures with AR, surgical landmarks were highlighted in different colors on preoperative image data. These landmarks were visualized in the spinal navigation application on the navigation monitor and in the microscope to confirm the relevant anatomy. Postprocedural surveys (National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index) were given to the residents.

RESULTS:
Twelve residents were included in this trial. AR-guided procedures had a consistent impact on resident anatomical orientation and workload experience. Procedures performed without AR had a significantly higher mental demand (
P = .003) than with AR. Residents reported to a significantly higher rate that it was harder work for them to accomplish their level of performance without AR (
P = .019).

CONCLUSION:
AR can bring a meaningful value in MIS teaching and training to confirm relevant anatomy in situations where the surgeon will have less direct visual access. AR used in surgical simulation can also speed the learning curve.
Advising Entrepreneurs: Optimal Recommendation of Alternatives
Authors: Wang Zeya , Rahmani Morvarid , Ramachandran Karthik 
Published: August 2024

Problem definition: Facing emergent business challenges, entrepreneurs often seek guidance from experienced advisors. When multiple alternatives could potentially solve the entrepreneur’s problem, advisors can lead the entrepreneur’s exploration by choosing which alternative(s) to suggest and in what sequence. Methodology/results: We develop a dynamic game-theoretic model that captures the sequential interaction between an advisor and an entrepreneur. The advisor chooses how to recommend alternative solutions, and the entrepreneur chooses which solution to try. The trial’s success depends on the viability of a solution and the entrepreneur’s execution capability. When a trial of a recommended solution fails, the belief about the viability of the solution is updated. Managerial implications: Our analysis reveals that the advisor should strategically recommend alternatives based on the entrepreneur’s execution capability, trial costs, and correlation between alternatives (among other factors). When the trial of the first alternative fails, the advisor should readily offer a new alternative if the entrepreneur’s capability is either very high or very low. Otherwise, the advisor should encourage the entrepreneur to try the same solution multiple times. In order to motivate and sustain the entrepreneur’s exploration over time and across solutions, the advisor may find it optimal to recommend inferior solutions before superior ones (e.g., when trial costs are different or the entrepreneur can improve her capability with experience) or recommend multiple solutions simultaneously (e.g., when there is correlation between alternatives). Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0361 .
Error Propagation in Asymptotic Analysis of the Data-Driven (s, S) Inventory Policy
Authors: Zhang Xun , Ye Zhi-Sheng , Haskell William B. 
Published: August 2024

Estimating Optimal Inventory Policies: Moving Beyond SAA and Empirical Process Theory In “Error Propagation in Asymptotic Analysis of the Data-Driven (s,S) Inventory Policy,” Zhang, Ye, and Haskell dive into the class multiperiod stochastic inventory control in a data-driven setting. They investigate the statistical properties of the data-driven $(s, S)$-policy obtained by recursively computing the empirical cost-to-go functions. In this setting, the empirical cost-to-go functions for the estimated parameters are not i.i.d. sums because of the error propagation. They establish a novel asymptotic representation for multi-sample $U$-processes in terms of i.i.d. sums. This representation enables them to apply empirical process theory to derive the influence functions of the estimated parameters and to establish joint asymptotic normality. Based on these results, they also propose an entirely data-driven estimator of the optimal expected cost and derive its asymptotic distribution. They demonstrate some useful applications of their asymptotic results, including sample size determination and interval estimation.
Electro-optical intensity and phase modulations of a racetrack micro-resonator based on a LiNbO3-silicon hybrid waveguide covered by electro-optical polymers
Authors: Ma Tao , Wang Huan , Liu Heng 
Published: August 2024

Rapid developments of 5G have led to ever-increasing demands for high-performance modulators. To improve modulation performances, an electro-optical (EO) modulator based on a racetrack micro-resonator (RMR) covered by EO polymers is demonstrated. The RMR-based EO modulator consists of LiNbO3-silicon hybrid waveguides (LSHWs) and an EO polymer coating. The finite element method (FEM) is used to obtain the transmission and modulation characteristics of the LSHWs-RMR. The simulation results show that the EO modulator based on the LSHWs-RMR has an EO wavelength tuning (λEO) of 32 pm/V and a phase shift per volt (φEO) of −0.0376rad/V for the quasi-TE mode. For the quasi-TM mode, there is a λEO of 40 pm/V and a φEO of −0.0350rad/V. The calculated Vπ⋅L for the quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes are 0.45V⋅cm and 0.40V⋅cm, respectively. The proposed EO modulator based on the LSHWs-RMR has potential application prospects in coherent optical fiber communication systems, comb generators for generating multiple optical frequencies in dense wavelength division multiplexing optical fiber systems, and electro-optical frequency shifters for laser beams.