bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognizing the Relationships between Interactivity, Story, and Message: Lessons Learned from the Summative Evaluation of the Human Plus Exhibition
Authors: Wasserman Deborah L. , Hayde Donnelley , Heimlich Joe E. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractInteractivity, message, and story are critical, interrelated components of most educational exhibition designs. In this article, we introduce an Interactivity Design Framework for guiding exhibition designers’ intentional inclusion of interactivity, story, and message in exhibition components. This framework emerges from selected findings from summative evaluation of the Human Plus exhibition, which took place at the New York Hall of Science in late 2013. The exhibition was designed to generate interest in engineering among pre‐adolescent girls. Recognizing the target group's interest in human relationships and narrative, the exhibition was designed to be engaging and interactive, driven by compelling narratives of how engineering had enhanced the lives of people with disabilities. Exhibits interwove interactivity and story to convey messages related to both engineering itself and how engineering can meet the needs of people with disabilities. Because of this dual focus, the exhibition evaluation revealed important findings about how, and under what conditions, story and interactivity function to convey message: they can work together or compete.
Das Vaskulitis‐Rad – ein algorithmischer Ansatz für kutane Vaskulitiden
Authors: Ratzinger Gudrun , Zelger Bettina Gudrun , Carlson J. Andrew , Burgdorf Walter , Zelger Bernhard 
Published: October 2015

ZusammenfassungHintergrund:Ältere Klassifikationen für Vaskulitiden weisen verschiedene Mängel auf. Erstens kann die Klassifikation unterschiedlichen Prinzipien folgen, wie klinisch‐pathologischen Befunden, Ätiologie, Pathogenese, Prognose oder therapeutischen Optionen. Zweitens unterscheiden die Autoren nicht zwischen Vaskulitis und Koagulopathie. Drittens sind Vaskulitiden systemische Erkrankungen. Aufgrund organspezifischer Variationen sind morphologische Befunde schwierig zu vergleichen. Viertens sind geringfügige Veränderungen zwar an der Haut erkennbar, verursachen jedoch an anderen Organen möglicherweise keine Symptome. Unser Ziel war es, die Haut und die Subkutis als Modell und die klinisch‐pathologische Korrelation als Grundlage für die Klassifikation zu verwenden.Methoden und Ergebnisse:Wir verwenden einen algorithmischen Ansatz mit Musteranalyse, der konsistente Angaben zu mikroskopischen Befunden ermöglicht. Zunächst differenzieren wir zwischen Vaskulitiden kleiner und mittelgroßer Gefäße. Im zweiten Schritt unterscheiden wir die Subtypen kleiner (Kapillaren versus postkapilläre Venolen) und mittelgroßer (Arteriolen/Arterien versus Venen) Gefäße. Im letzten Schritt unterscheiden wir, je nach vorherrschendem Zelltyp, zwischen leukozytoklastischer und/oder granulomatöser Vaskulitis.Schlussfolgerungen:Ausgehend von der leukozytoklastischen Vaskulitis als zentralem Reaktionsmuster bei kutanen Vaskulitiden kleiner und mittelgroßer Gefäße können Zusammenhänge oder Variationen darum herum angeordnet werden wie die Speichen eines Rades um die Nabe. Dies kann dazu beitragen, eine gewisse grundlegende Ordnung im vergleichsweise komplexen Bereich der kutanen Vaskulitiden einzuführen, um zu einem besseren Verständnis eines komplizierten Gebiets beizutragen.
Hereditäre Epidermolysen
Authors: Laimer Martin , Prodinger Christine , Bauer Johann W. 
Published: October 2015

ZusammenfassungEpidermolysis bullosa (EB) umfasst eine Gruppe seltener erblicher Hauterkrankungen, die durch mutationsbedingte Störung der strukturellen und funktionellen Integrität der intraepidermalen Adhäsion bzw. der dermoepidermalen Verankerung zu Hautfragilität und charakteristischen, mechanisch induzierbaren Blasen an Haut und Schleimhäuten führen. Extrakutane Manifestationen und ihre Komplikationen in weiteren Epithel‐tragenden Organen machen die EB zur Multisystemerkrankung mit teils dramatischer Morbidität und Mortalität. Möglichst präzise und frühzeitige Diagnosestellung, multidisziplinär‐koordinierte, individuell adaptierte Betreuung in Expertise‐Zentren, optimierte symptomatische Therapien und Zugang zu forschungsbasierten, potenziell kurativen Behandlungsstrategien sind Grundpfeiler einer sich dynamisch weiterentwickelnden Versorgungsstruktur.
Influence of abutment tooth position and adhesive point dimension on the rigidity of a dental trauma wire‐composite splint
Authors: Zhu Yuqing , Chen Hui , Cen Lian , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2015

AbstractBackground/AimThe influence of abutment tooth position and adhesive point dimension on rigidity of wire‐composite splints, used in dental trauma, was evaluated in vitro.Materials and MethodsA commercial artificial resin model was used. The central incisors served as injured teeth with increased mobility (degrees of loosening II tooth 21 and III tooth 11), whereas teeth 12/22 or teeth 13/23 served as non‐injured teeth with physiological mobility. Horizontal and vertical tooth mobility before and after splinting was assessed, using a universal testing machine. Teeth were splinted with a wire‐composite splint (0.8 mm). Four groups were assigned with respective abutment tooth position and adhesive point dimension: group 1 (13‐11‐21‐23, 2 × 2 mm2), group 2 (12‐11‐21‐22, 2 × 2 mm2), group 3 (12‐11‐21‐22, 3 × 3 mm2), group 4 (12‐11‐21‐22, 4 × 4 mm2).ResultsFor each group, tooth mobility after splinting was significantly higher than the physiological tooth mobility (P < 0.05). For teeth 11 and 12, no significant differences between Group 1 and 2 (P > 0.05) were found in tooth mobility after splinting. Significant differences were found in horizontal tooth mobility after splinting of tooth 11 between Group 2 and 3, Group 2 and 4 and Group 3 and 4, respectively (P < 0.05), whereas significant difference was found in vertical dimension for tooth 11 only between Group 2 and 4 (P < 0.05). Significant differences were found in horizontal mobility of tooth 21 between Group 2 and 3, and Group 2 and 4 (P < 0.05).ConclusionSplinting the injured teeth 11 and 21 and the bilateral uninjured abutment teeth (teeth 12/22 or teeth 13/23) with the stainless steel wire‐composite splint (0.8 mm), can be considered flexible splinting. While mobility was still higher than in unaffected teeth, increase in size of the adhesive splinting point decreased horizontal but not vertical mobility in most cases.
Disease development of Dothistroma needle blight in seedlings ofPinus sylvestrisandPinus contortaunder Nordic conditions
Authors: Millberg H. , Hopkins A. J. M. , Boberg J. , Davydenko K. , Stenlid J. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryDothistroma needle blight (DNB), caused byDothistroma septosporum, was observed for the first time in the Nordic countries during the 21st century, and the dynamics of the disease under Nordic conditions are still poorly explored. In this study, we followed the development ofDNBon seedlings ofPinus sylvestrisandPinus contorta, planted at two forest sites in central Sweden.PCRwith species‐specific primers was used to detect infections ofD. septosporumin needle samples collected over a two‐year period. The seedlings were also examined for typical red bands and fruit bodies (conidiomata). One‐year‐old needles that were present on the seedlings at the time of planting became infected during the first summer. The first conidiomata appeared onP. sylvestrisin autumn the same year and onP. contortain spring the following year. The first infections of the current‐year needles of both host species occurred in summer, as they were starting to elongate, and the following spring the first conidiomata appeared. On one of the sites, many seedlings carried latent infections without any symptom development. At some time points, infections ofD. septosporumwere detected in more than 50% of the seedlings, but red bands and conidiomata were only observed on a small number of the seedlings throughout the study period. No clear difference was observed in the susceptibility of infection between the two host species; nonetheless, at the same site, the mortality ofP. sylvestriswas higher than that ofP. contorta, and this is likely primarily due to other stresses and the presence of another needle pathogen,Lophodermium seditiosum.
Influence of culture conditions on medium discoloration and mycelial growth of Dothistroma septosporum
Authors: Kowalski T. , Nawrot‐Chorabik K. , Grad B. , Leszczyński K. 
Published: October 2015

SummaryDothistroma septosporum is one of the most damaging fungi‐attacking pines wherever they are grown. Specific symptoms on pine include the formation of red bands on needles and the appearance of which is attributed to dothistromin, a toxin produced by this pathogen. Many reports have suggested that such red bands do not appear in all infections, although the cause of this phenomenon is unclear. When grown in vitro, some strains of D. septosporum cause an intense blue, rather than red, coloration of the medium. This study presents results of experiments designed to determine the effects of culture conditions on growth of D. septosporum in vitro and the accompanying coloration of the medium. Growth of D. septosporum is characterized by slow mycelial extension and high morphological diversity in all culture conditions. The most rapid growth occurred at 20°C and on a medium at pH 6. Colour of the secreted pigment was not a consistent feature of a given fungal isolate, but depended on temperature and pH of the medium, along with a significant interaction among these factors. Lower temperature and lower pH favoured the production of the blue pigment. Moreover, pigmentation around the D. septosporum colonies was affected by other fungi inhabiting the same ecological niche. These results are discussed in terms of the possible reasons for the failure to produce the characteristic red banding symptoms on needles infected by D. septosporum in some in vivo situations.
Pan‐tropical hinterland forests: mapping minimally disturbed forests
Authors: Tyukavina A. , Hansen M. C. , Potapov P. V. , Krylov A. M. , Goetz S. J. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractAimTropical forest degradation is a significant source of carbon emissions due to selective logging, fragmentation and other disturbance factors. However, methods for mapping and monitoring pan‐tropical forest degradation are still in their infancy. Here we present a new and automated approach to differentiate forests likely to be affected by degradation dynamics from more structurally intact forests, referred to as hinterland forests.LocationPan‐tropical.MethodsInputs required for hinterland forest mapping include the extent of the initial forest cover and subsequent forest cover loss data, in this case global‐scale Landsat‐derived tree cover and stand‐replacement disturbance maps. User‐defined parameters employed to generate the extent and change of hinterland forest include: (1) minimum size of hinterland forest patch, (2) minimum corridor width, (3) distance from disturbance, and (4) extant history.ResultsHinterland forest extent was mapped using forest cover loss data from 2000 to 2012 and hinterland forest loss was quantified from 2007 to 2013. Lidar‐modelled forest height data were shown to be different within and outside hinterland forests, demonstrating the biophysical basis of the hinterland concept in discriminating likely degradation. Overall, hinterland forests experienced an 18% decline from 2007 to 2013. Regional variation in hinterland forest extent and loss was high. Data on 2013 pan‐tropical hinterland forest extent can be downloaded from http://glad.geog.umd.edu/hinterland/index.html and viewed online at http://earthenginepartners.appspot.com/science‐2013‐global‐forest.Main conclusionsThe largest extent of hinterland forests and of hinterland forest loss was found in Latin America, followed by Africa and Southeast Asia, respectively. The highest proportional loss of hinterland forest occurred in Southeast Asia, followed by Africa and Latin America, respectively. Nearly 95% of all 2013 hinterland forests were found in 17 of the 69 tropical forest countries studied. The extent and loss of hinterland forest can be an input to national monitoring and management programmes focused on forest carbon stocks, biodiversity conservation and other ecosystem services.
Logistics Services: Global Functions and Global Cities
Authors: O'Connor Kevin , Derudder Ben , Witlox Frank 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe services that organise global and regional trade are supplied by multi‐locational, multi‐functional, and information‐intensive firms. However, in much of the urban and regional research these firms are still seen as part of the transportation task, so their urban and regional impacts are expected to be expressed in concentrations of transportation infrastructure. This paper shows that there has been considerable functional and structural change within these services. In effect, they act like producer services and, for many, head offices and regional offices are in global cities, not all of which are major transportation centres. Using data on the location of the head and regional offices of a sample of the largest of these firms, this research shows that high‐ranked global cities, rather than large transportation centres, are a common office location although some firms operate from small cities. When these firms have regional offices overseas, all favour global cities. These results provide some insight on the links between these cities and the service tasks performed by service firms. They also provide grounds to develop a potentially rich research agenda based on analyses of the activities of these understudied firms.
Implementing English Further/Higher Education Partnerships: the Street Level Perspective
Authors: Gray Claire 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThis paper reports on research into the operation of English further/higher education, with a focus on the role of partnerships in supporting the massification of higher education. The research draws on the bottom‐up policy implementation tradition to provide analysis of the effects on partnerships of a quasi‐marketised environment. The rationale and effects of market orientated policy are discussed with reference to empirical data from college staff and partnership managers. In employing the concept of the ‘street‐level bureaucrat’ as an agent of policy implementation, this research contributes to the interpretation of policy and partnership which has previously been unexplored within the further/higher education context. Conclusions are drawn with implications for the development of college higher education delivered in partnership.
Intentions of formally qualified and unqualified teachers to transfer norms and values in home economics teaching
Authors: Håkansson Andreas 
Published: October 2015

AbstractHistorically, home economics (HE) in general, and the consumer education sections in particular, have been criticized for transferring norms and values of conservative elites to the masses. This is in stark contrast to contemporary theoretical views of a modern HE aimed at educating emancipated and critical citizens, and also to modern curricula that emphasize the consequences of consumption rather than dogma. A previous study has indicated that formally unqualified teachers see the transfer of consumption norms and values without support in the curriculum as an important objective of HE teaching, a practice that is questionable from a democratic perspective. This follow‐up study investigates to what extent formally qualified HE teachers show intentions to transfer consumption norms and values without support in the curriculum to students, using content analysis of 201 survey responses from Swedish qualified HE teachers and comparing to data from a previously published study on formally unqualified teachers. It is concluded that the qualified teachers demonstrate intentions to transfer unsupported norms and values, though, to a lower degree than unqualified teachers. The results are interpreted by adopting a values education perspective on HE. This indicates that the observed emphasis on norms and values could be seen partly as a lack of a proficient professional metalanguage among the teachers, and partly as a consequence of the focus on developing a pre‐defined moral of consumption in HE literature. The implications on how to develop HE teacher education to reduce norm and value transfer intentions are discussed based on the empirical findings and the theoretical framework.
Temperatures, cleanliness and food storage practises in domestic refrigerators in Serbia, Belgrade
Authors: Janjić Jelena , Katić Vera , Ivanović Jelena , Bošković Marija , Starčević Marija , Glamočlija Nataša , Baltić Milan Ž. 
Published: October 2015

AbstractConsumers’ knowledge about proper household practises during food handling and storage are deemed insufficient. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the conditions of food storage in refrigerators (temperature, hygienic and storage conditions) and consumer knowledge about good practises. This study included 100 households from the Belgrade area. All participants were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire. The internal temperature of refrigerators was measured at three points: the top and bottom shelves and the refrigerator door. The average temperature in the refrigerators was 9.3°C. The average temperature recorded in the refrigerator doors was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than temperatures recorded on the top or bottom shelves. The age and design of refrigerators, and potential heat source near refrigerator can impact the refrigerator temperature. In 50% of the surveyed refrigerators, food storage practises were incorrect. More than a half (56%) of the surveyed consumers were aware of the recommended refrigerator temperature, but measured temperature in their refrigerators was considerably higher. The results from our study indicate that knowledge of recommended behaviour about good food safety practise do not always translate into practise in the home.
Consumers’ intention to buy protected designation of origin and protected geographical indication foodstuffs: the case of Greece
Authors: Likoudis Zisimos , Sdrali Despina , Costarelli Vassiliki , Apostolopoulos Constantine 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThere is evidence that consumers tend to highly regard the quality, authenticity, ethical standards, country of origin and sustainable production of foodstuffs; hence, the growing number of studies on products of Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI). PDO and PGI labelling is associated with the preservation of local plant varieties, the financial reward of local people and the sustainable development of rural areas. This study was set out to investigate the factors associated with Greek consumers’ intention to buy PDO/PGI food products. A total of 615 consumers took part in the study from the municipality of Attica, Greece. The survey was conducted during the period of March 2011 to April 2013. Results indicated that approximately 50% of respondents were willing to buy PDO/PGI products whereas the willingness to buy these products constituted an important factor in purchasing them. More specifically, according to the regression analysis, factors that are significantly associated with respondents’ willingness to buy PDOs/PGIs were as follows: origin, health claims and label of a product, as well as sustainable consumer behaviour. Understanding the main factors relating to consumers’ purchasing intent towards PDO/PGI products is an important step towards promoting special labelled agri‐foodstuffs and hence contributes to the local sustainable development.
Multivariate Hill Estimators
Authors: Dominicy Yves , Ilmonen Pauliina , Veredas David 
Published: October 2015

SummaryWe propose two classes of semi‐parametric estimators for the tail index of a regular varying elliptical random vector. The first one is based on the distance between a tail probability contour and the observations outside this contour. We denote it as the class ofseparatingestimators. The second one is based on the norm of an arbitrary order. We denote it as the class ofangularestimators. We show the asymptotic properties and the finite sample performances of both classes. We also illustrate the separating estimators with an empirical application to 21 worldwide financial market indexes.
Introduction: Proceedings of the ISSA 2014 International Research Conference
Authors: Gottlieb Daniel , Brimblecombe Simon , Orton Ian 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe 2014 Research Conference of the International Social Security Association (ISSA), which offered a platform for discussion and analysis among social security administrators and academia, addressed issues concerning the adequacy and sustainability of social security. Core issues discussed were the definition and measurement of adequacy and the contribution of social security systems to social and economic development. Also addressed were “megatrends”, including demographic ageing and climate change, and their impacts on social security systems. As an objective, the conference sought to evaluate the implications of these issues for social security administrations and, on the basis of national good practice and new research findings, to identify measures permitting future adaptation and innovation.
Supporting jobseekers: How unemployment benefits can help unemployed workers and strengthen job creation
Authors: Ernst Ekkehard 
Published: October 2015

AbstractThe rapid rise in unemployment since 2008 caused by the global financial crisis has created renewed interest in the effects of well‐designed unemployment benefit systems on the speed at which labour markets recover and job creation resumes. On the basis of a newly‐created database on labour market flows, this article makes use of a micro‐founded macroeconomic model to estimate different effects of active and passive labour market spending on employment growth and the state of public finances. It demonstrates, in particular, that for the average advanced G20 country, spending on unemployment benefits yields employment gains both in the short‐term and long‐term that are superior to those observed for active labour market policies. Moreover, rather than tightening their budgets prematurely, advanced G20 countries would have fared much better in accepting further deterioration in public finances stemming from higher spending on social transfers in order to stimulate faster employment growth, which would have led to a more rapid recovery in the state of public finances as well.