bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oriental, White, and Mormon
Authors: Reeve W. Paul 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This chapter considers the ways in which Mormons were conflated with Muslims, Turks, and Chinese and construed as an oriental problem on American soil. Scholars, ministers, and politicians argued that monogamy was “white” and polygamy was African or Asiatic and thereby offered further “evidence” of Mormonism’s degenerative impact on truly civilized society. Chinese immigrants and Mormons were seen as being similar threats. The chapter shows how Chinese were depicted in newspapers and popular magazines as heathens who were particularly susceptible to despotic rule, but the Mormons looked on them as potential converts to their religion. They even went so far as to send missionaries to China. Newspapers and politicians began to call for the expulsion of both Chinese and Mormons from American society. But as evidenced in this chapter, Mormons began to distance themselves from the Chinese and began their so-called Americanization, which meant giving up polygamy.
Conclusion From Not White to Too White: The Continuing Contest over the Mormon Body
Authors: Reeve W. Paul 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This chapter traces in broad strokes the Mormon racial story in the twentieth century. By the 1950s, Mormonism began passing as white, something that became a liability by the second half of the twentieth century as the nation moved toward civil rights and Mormons clung to their segregated priesthood and temples. By the twenty-first century, Mormons were too white, and they attempted to claim a more racially diverse identity for themselves. Mitt Romney’s 2012 presidential campaign is used as the most recent example of how Mormon whiteness became a liability. Even still, a broader transformation had taken place. No longer were Mormon bodies seen as degraded and dumb but instead as “hot and healthy.” Some of the terms of the struggle to define the Mormon body had shifted from a racial to a religious contest.
Ultrafast SNP analysis using the Burrows–Wheeler transform of short-read data
Authors: Kimura Kouichi , Koike Asako 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Motivation: Sequence-variation analysis is conventionally performed on mapping results that are highly redundant and occasionally contain undesirable heuristic biases. A straightforward approach to single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, using the Burrows–Wheeler transform (BWT) of short-read data, is proposed.
Results: The BWT makes it possible to simultaneously process collections of read fragments of the same sequences; accordingly, SNPs were found from the BWT much faster than from the mapping results. It took only a few minutes to find SNPs from the BWT (with a supplementary data, fragment depth of coverage [FDC]) using a desktop workstation in the case of human exome or transcriptome sequencing data and 20 min using a dual-CPU server in the case of human genome sequencing data. The SNPs found with the proposed method almost agreed with those found by a time-consuming state-of-the-art tool, except for the cases in which the use of fragments of reads led to sensitivity loss or sequencing depth was not sufficient. These exceptions were predictable in advance on the basis of minimum length for uniqueness (MLU) and FDC defined on the reference genome. Moreover, BWT and FDC were computed in less time than it took to get the mapping results, provided that the data were large enough.
Availability and implementation: A proof-of-concept binary code for a Linux platform is available on request to the corresponding author.
Contact: kouichi.kimura.hh@hitachi.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Large-scale extraction of brain connectivity from the neuroscientific literature
Authors: Richardet Renaud , Chappelier Jean-Cédric , Telefont Martin , Hill Sean 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
Motivation: In neuroscience, as in many other scientific domains, the primary form of knowledge dissemination is through published articles. One challenge for modern neuroinformatics is finding methods to make the knowledge from the tremendous backlog of publications accessible for search, analysis and the integration of such data into computational models. A key example of this is metascale brain connectivity, where results are not reported in a normalized repository. Instead, these experimental results are published in natural language, scattered among individual scientific publications. This lack of normalization and centralization hinders the large-scale integration of brain connectivity results. In this article, we present text-mining models to extract and aggregate brain connectivity results from 13.2 million PubMed abstracts and 630 216 full-text publications related to neuroscience. The brain regions are identified with three different named entity recognizers (NERs) and then normalized against two atlases: the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) and the atlas from the Brain Architecture Management System (BAMS). We then use three different extractors to assess inter-region connectivity.
Results: NERs and connectivity extractors are evaluated against a manually annotated corpus. The complete in litero extraction models are also evaluated against in vivo connectivity data from ABA with an estimated precision of 78%. The resulting database contains over 4 million brain region mentions and over 100 000 (ABA) and 122 000 (BAMS) potential brain region connections. This database drastically accelerates connectivity literature review, by providing a centralized repository of connectivity data to neuroscientists.
Availability and implementation: The resulting models are publicly available at github.com/BlueBrain/bluima.
Contact: renaud.richardet@epfl.ch
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Negative media coverage, law environment and tunneling of controlling shareholder
Authors: Ye Yong , Huang Lei , Li Ming 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship among negative media coverage, law environment and tunneling of controlling shareholders.

Design/methodology/approach
– Under the Chinese especial institutional background, this paper empirically test the relationship among negative media coverage, law environment and tunneling of controlling shareholders with the sample of 2009-2011 Chinese listed companies.

Findings
– The empirical results demonstrate that negative media coverage can reduce tunneling of controlling shareholder, and compared with state-owned listed companies, negative media coverage have a greater effect on tunneling in non-state-owned listed companies; and negative media coverage have a greater effect on tunneling in areas with better law environment. Further study shows that the reduction of controlling shareholder’s behavior of tunneling can improve company performance, and the improvement is more significant in non-state-owned listed companies and areas with better law environment. The research results indicate that media coverage play a very active role on restraining stakeholder’s behavior and perfecting corporate governing.

Originality/value
– First, this paper will study of tunneling from the perspective of media coverage for the first time. Second, this paper further analyzes how the decrease of tunneling improves corporate performance following the research of how media coverage influence tunneling. Third, this study enrich literatures about the effects of media coverage on corporate governance in Chinese capital market.
The perception of earnings management motivations in Saudi public firms
Authors: Habbash Murya , Alghamdi Salim 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate the motivations of earnings management in less-developed economy using Saudi listed companies.Design/methodology/approach– While numerous motivations for earnings management are proposed in the literature, many of these motivations have inconsistent empirical support. A number of studies report discontinuities in the distribution of earnings around benchmarks such as the zero profit level. However, the evidence regarding whether these discontinuities are associated with earnings management behaviour is still uncertain. In addition, evidence regarding the ability of various governance mechanisms to constrain earnings management is also mixed. These issues raise the necessity to investigate managers behaviour that incentivise earnings management practices through qualitative research approach. A questionnaire survey and interviews are mainly used to explore the motivations for earnings management in Saudi Arabia in order to obtain the different perceptions of respondents.Findings– The findings reveal that the four main incentives for Saudi managers to manage earnings are “to increase the amount of remuneration”, “to report a reasonable profit and avoid loss”, “to obtain a bank loan” and “to increase share price”.Research limitations/implications– Hence, agency-institutional theory may provide a sensible explanation for earnings management practices in Saudi Arabia.Practical implications– Previous findings could be helpful for external auditors and regulators and legislators in their attempts to constrain the incidence of earnings management and enhance the quality of monitoring mechanisms.Originality/value– While numerous motivations for earnings management are proposed in the literature, many of these motivations have inconsistent empirical support. A number of studies report discontinuities in the distribution of earnings around benchmarks such as the zero profit level. However, there is no evidence that these discontinuities are associated with earnings management behaviour. In addition, evidence regarding the ability of various governance mechanisms to constrain earnings management is also mixed. These issues raise the necessity to investigate managers behaviour that incentivise earnings management practices through qualitative research approach.
Personality characteristics of the female serial murderer
Authors: Hildebrand Meagen M. , Culhane Scott E. 
Published: January 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to review and compare information obtained for four female serial murder perpetrators, exploring possible personality features that make the female serial killer unique. As this is the first project to explore the personalities of female serial murderers through data collected from the offenders themselves, it is primarily an exploratory study.

Design/methodology/approach
– The data presented were collected as part of a larger project, which solicited participation from incarcerated, suspected serial murderers. Upon agreeing to participate, each potential participant's background was searched to ensure they met the definition of a serial murderer. The participants were sent a survey packet containing measures related to demographics, psychopathology, psychopathy, and personality features. These packets were sent to participants at their respective prisons, with a return envelope provided. Upon return, surveys were scored and analyzed to create a comprehensive profile of each offender.

Findings
– The subjects of this study each presented a unique personality profile as measured by the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 and Millon Clinical Multiaxial Invetory-III. Three of the four participants did not appear to by psychopathic, which is not surprising given the low incidence of psychopathy in women.

Originality/value
– This study, while limited by the small sample size, provides the first data set of valid psychological measures collected through first-hand accounts with female serial murderers. Although the data presented did not display a single comprehensive profile indicative of a female serial murderer, it does provide a foundation for further research.
Towards an evaluation of semantic searching in digital repositories: a DSpace case-study
Authors: Solomou Georgia , Koutsomitropoulos Dimitrios 
Published: January 2015

Purpose– Successful learning infrastructures and repositories often depend on well-organized content collections for effective dissemination, maintenance and preservation of resources. By combining semantic descriptions already lying or implicit within their descriptive metadata, reasoning-based or semantic searching of these collections can be enabled and produce novel possibilities for content browsing and retrieval. The specifics and necessities of such an approach, however, make it hard to assess and measure its effectiveness. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– Therefore in this paper the authors introduce a concrete methodology toward a pragmatic evaluation of semantic searching in such scenarios, which is exemplified through the semantic search plugin the authors have developed for the popular DSpace repository system.Findings– The results reveal that this approach can be appealing to expert as well as novice users alike, improve the effectiveness of content discovery and enable new retrieval possibilities in comparison to traditional, keyword-based search.Originality/value– This paper presents applied research efforts to employ semantic searching techniques on digital repositories and to construct a novel methodology for evaluating the outcomes against various perspectives. Although this is original in itself, value lies also within the concrete and measurable results presented, accompanied by an analysis, that would be helpful to assess similar (i.e. semantic query answering and searching) techniques in the particular scenario of digital repositories and libraries and to evaluate corresponding investments. To the knowledge there has been hardly any other evaluation effort in the literature for this particular case; that is, to assess the merit and usage of advanced semantic technologies in digital repositories.
Setting evolutionary‐based conservation priorities for a phylogenetically data‐poor taxonomic group (Scleractinia)
Authors: Curnick D. J. , Head C. E. I. , Huang D. , Crabbe M. J. C. , Gollock M. , Hoeksema B. W. , Johnson K. G. , Jones R. , Koldewey H. J. , Obura D. O. , Rosen B. R. , Smith D. J. , Taylor M. L. , Turner J. R. , Wren S. , Redding D. W. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractGiven the current extinction crisis coupled with the shortfall in funding, there is a pressing need to establish species conservation priorities. The prioritization of phylogenetic diversity and evolutionary distinctiveness is one approach; however, taking such an approach requires more phylogenetic data than are currently available for most taxa. Here, we investigate the effects of increased phylogenetic knowledge on the accuracy of evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) scores over time using scleractinian corals as a case study. ED scores were calculated from four molecular‐based phylogenies from 2008 to 2013, each one representing a chronological step of increased phylogenetic knowledge for scleractinian corals, finally resulting in a full species‐level phylogeny which is used here as the reference dataset. As expected, the most complete and up‐to‐date phylogenies performed well at predicting scores taken from a recent, full‐coverage species‐level phylogeny of scleractinian corals. Surprisingly, however, older phylogenies and scores derived from expert opinion also performed well. More unexpectedly, the expert opinion‐led scores, when used as a basis for imputing scores for missing species, achieved a close second in terms of prediction accuracy compared with the most recent and largest tree, which had nearly 10 times more taxonomic coverage. We recommend, once tested further, that ED score imputation be considered for assessing the conservation priorities for other poorly studied groups.
Bone marrow stromal mesenchymal cells induce down regulation of CD20 expression on B‐CLL: implications for rituximab resistance in CLL
Authors: Marquez Maria‐Elena , Hernández‐Uzcátegui Octavio , Cornejo Alejandro , Vargas Paula , Da Costa Osiris 
Published: January 2015

SummaryAlthough the majority of B cells express surface CD20 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B‐CLL), only ∼50% of patients respond to treatment with rituximab. Decreased CD20 expression on these tumour B cells could be responsible for the lack of response observed in some patients treated with rituximab. Despite the potential critical role of CD20 in the biology of B cell malignancies, the mechanisms controlling its expression are poorly understood. At the bone marrow level, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) may regulate and support the survival of malignant cells, such as B‐CLL cells. In this study, we investigated whether MSC may regulate the CD20 expression on B‐CLL. For this purpose, B cells from CLL patients were isolated and co‐cultured on MSC. B‐CLL cells were collected from B‐CLL/MSC co‐cultures and examined for their expression of CD20. We demonstrate decreased CD20 expression in B‐CLL cells after 2 weeks of co‐culture with MSC, under contact and non‐contact conditions, which was associated with a decreased susceptibility to rituximab. Additionally, B cells co‐cultured with MSCs show an increase in CD59 expression. Our findings strongly suggest that the interaction between B‐CLL cells and MSC may play a major role in the resistance to rituximab‐induced apoptosis of B‐CLL cells.
Income‐related inequalities in inadequate dentition over time in Australia, Brazil and USA adults
Authors: Peres Marco A. , Luzzi Liana , Peres Karen G. , Sabbah Wael , Antunes Jose L. , Do Loc G. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo assess changes over time of the absolute and relative household income‐related inequalities in inadequate dentition (ID) among Australians, Brazilians and USA adults.MethodsThis study used nationwide oral health survey data from Australia (n = 1200 in 1999;n = 2729 in 2005), Brazil (n = 13 431 in 2003;n = 9779 in 2010) and USA (n = 2542 in 1999;n = 1596 in 2005). Absolute income inequalities were calculated using Absolute Concentration Index (ACI) and Slope Index of Inequality (SII), while relative inequalities were calculated using Relative Concentration Index (RCI) and Relative Index of Inequality (RII).ResultsPrevalence of ID in the studied period dropped from 8.7% to 3.1% in Australia; from 42.1% to 22.4% in Brazil; and remained stable in USA, nearly 8.0%. Absolute income inequalities were highest in Brazil, followed by the USA and Australia; relative inequalities were lower in Brazil than in Australia and the USA. ID was higher among Brazilian females (2010) and for the poorest group in all countries and periods. A remarkable reduction in absolute inequalities were found in Australia [Slope Index of Inequality (SII) and AIC 60%] and in Brazil (SII 25%; ACI 33%) while relative inequalities increased both in Australia (RCI and RII 40%) and in Brazil (RCI 24%; RII 38%). No changes in absolute and relative income inequalities were found in the USA.ConclusionThere were still persistent absolute and relative income inequalities in ID in all examined countries. There has been a reduction in absolute income inequalities in ID but an increase in relative income inequalities.
Genetic susceptibility to diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in a pooled study of three Eastern Asian populations
Authors: Bassig Bryan A. , Cerhan James R. , Au Wing‐Yan , Kim Hee Nam , Sangrajrang Suleeporn , Hu Wei , Tse Jovic , Berndt Sonja , Zheng Tongzhang , Zhang Heping , Pornsopone Pattarapong , Lee Je‐Jung , Kim Hyeoung‐Joon , Skibola Christine F. , Vijai Joseph , Burdette Laurie , Yeager Meredith , Brennan Paul , Shin Min‐Ho , Liang Raymond , Chanock Stephen , Lan Qing , Rothman Nathaniel 
Published: January 2015

AbstractObjectivesDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive subtype of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and is the most common NHL subtype diagnosed worldwide. The first large‐scale genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of DLBCL with over 4000 cases conducted among individuals of European ancestry recently identified five independent SNPs that achieved genome‐wide significance, and two SNPs that showed a suggestive association with DLBCL risk.MethodsTo evaluate whether Eastern Asians and individuals of European ancestry share similar genetic risk factors for this disease, we attempted to replicate these GWAS findings in a pooled series of 1124 DLBCL cases and 3596 controls from Hong Kong, South Korea, and Thailand.ResultsThree of the five genome‐wide significant SNPs from the DLBCL GWAS were significantly associated with DLBCL in our study population, including the top finding from the GWAS, EXOC2 rs116446171, which achieved genome‐wide significance in our data (per allele OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.63–2.56; ptrend = 3.9 × 10−10). Additionally, we observed a significant association with PVT1 rs13255292 (per allele OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.19–1.52; ptrend = 2.1 × 10−6), which was the second strongest finding in the GWAS, and with HLA‐B rs2523607 (per allele OR = 3.05, 95% CI = 1.32–7.05; ptrend = 0.009).ConclusionsOur study, which provides the first evaluation in Eastern Asians of SNPs definitively associated with DLBCL risk in individuals of European ancestry, indicates that at least some of the genetic factors associated with risk of DLBCL are similar between these populations.
Influence of loading rate on fracture behaviour of extra deep drawn steel sheets
Authors: Chaudhari V. V. , Kulkarni D. M. 
Published: January 2015

AbstractFracture tests of extra deep drawn steel sheet were carried out at ambient temperature to investigate the effect of loading rate on fracture toughness. To determine fracture limits, fracture tests and finite‐element cohesive zone model simulation tool are used. Fracture tests are conducted at various loading rates (0.1–2.5 mm min−1). An alternative constant traction separation law is used to account for maximum load and large load line displacements. Experimental findings, as well as cohesive zone model, show that the loading rate has no significant effect on fracture toughness till 0.4 mm min−1; however, there is a sharp decrease in fracture toughness beyond 0.4 mm min−1.
Efficiency Defense in EU and US Horizontal Merger Control if Costs are Endogenous
Authors: Neumann Manfred 
Published: January 2015

AbstractIf fixed costs are endogenous, following from profit maximization, horizontal mergers are always profitable. They cause the price to rise and consumer surplus to decrease. A case of horizontal merger in which, according to the requirement of US and EU Merger Guidelines for an efficiency defense to be acceptable, the price declines or remains constant does not exist and therefore cannot be expected by profit maximizing partners to arise following a merger. Merger control should be guided by focusing on total welfare. Permitting cooperation in R&D, although profitable, is likely to be detrimental to welfare.
Vertically Linked Industries, Product Quality and Minimum Quality Standards
Authors: Hofmann Annette , Oldehaver Gunnar 
Published: January 2015

Abstract
This paper extends the seminal model of vertical product differentiation by Ronnen (1991) to a two-tier supply chain. While Ronnen considers the duopoly case, we add a vertical structure such that each downstream firm procures an input from a monopolistic upstream supplier. While simultaneous up- and downstream regulation in the form of a minimum quality standard restores Ronnen’s findings, if only one firm is regulated in the vertical chain, a free-rider effect results: all the bargaining power is given to the non-regulated member of the chain, which uses it to free-ride on the pressure exerted by the regulator onto the other member.