bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Characterization of Silicon Nanowire Networks for Thermoelectric Conversion
Authors: Norris Kate J. , Lohn Andrew J. , Coleman Elane , Tompa Gary S. , Kobayashi Nobuhiko P. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTWe report the growth of silicon nanowires by plasma assisted metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Silicon nanowires grew as three-dimensional networks in which electrical charges and heat can travel over the distance much longer than the mean length of the constituent nanowires. We studied the dependence of thermoelectric properties on two factors; nominal doping concentrations and geometrical factors within the silicon nanowire networks. The silicon nanowire networks show Seebeck coefficients comparable with that of bulk silicon for a given nominal doping concentration, allowing us to control Seebeck coefficients by tuning the doping concentrations. Rather than studying single nanowires, we chose networks of nanowires formed densely across large areas required for large scale production. We also studied the role played by intersections where multiple nanowires were fused to form the nanowire networks. Structural analysis, transport measurement, and modeling based on finite-element analysis were carried out to obtain insights of physical properties at the intersections. Understanding these physical properties of three-dimensional nanowire networks will advance the development of thermoelectric devices.
Androgenesis in the Bioenergy Plant Miscanthus sinensis: From Calli Induction to Plant Regeneration
Authors: Głowacka Katarzyna , Kaczmarek Zygmunt , Jeżowski Stanisław 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTMiscanthus spp. is a valuable energy grass with a high biomass production, making it a natural source for first‐ and second‐generation fuels. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to investigate a methodology for the haploid production of diploid Miscanthus sinensis Andersson by anther culture. In three experiments the effect of genotype, induction medium, culture beginning date, and cold pretreatment were investigated. The experiments resulted in effective callus induction and plant regeneration. The genotype, culture medium, and culture induction date had significant influence on the number of induced calli whereas cold spikelet pretreatment reduced the culture effectiveness rates. A delay of culture initiation provided a higher callus yield together with enhanced triploid participation in a group of regenerates. Overall, in the culture of 27,300 anthers, 1887 calli were induced, and regeneration gave 2064 plants. In the group of 1523 examined plants, there were 186 haploids and 472 diploids. The comparative genetic analyses of the parental genotypes and selected anther‐derived plants were conducted using the simple sequence repeats (SSRs). For all of the analyzed androgenic plants, SSR allele segregation allowed for the confirmation of homozygosity. The alleles represented balanced (e.g., 1:3) as well as unbalanced (e.g., 5:0) segregations. Plants with calli from the same origins carried the same SSR alleles.
Two Novel Alleles at the Rsv 3 Locus for Resistance to Soybean Mosaic Virus in PI 399091 and PI 61947 Soybeans
Authors: Shakiba E. , Chen P. , Shi A. , Li D. , Dong D. , Brye K. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTSoybean mosaic virus (SMV) is one of the most destructive viral diseases in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] worldwide. Soybean mosaic virus isolates collected in the United States have been classified into seven strain groups (G1 through G7). Three loci (Rsv1, Rsv3, and Rsv4) conferring resistance to SMV have been reported so far. Each locus has several alleles that confer different reactions to isolates from the seven SMV strains. Plant Introduction (PI) 399091 and PI 61947 showed a different pattern in response to SMV compared to differential genotypes with known genes, and was therefore assumed to carry novel genes or unique alleles. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance and allelic relationships of SMV resistance genes in these PIs. PI 399091 and PI 61947 were crossed with ‘Essex’ (Rsv), PI 96983 (Rsv1), L29 (Rsv3), and V94‐5152 (Rsv4), and the F2 populations and F2:3 lines from these crosses were inoculated with a G7 isolate. A serological tissue blotting immunoassay (TBIA) was used to confirm the presence of the virus in the infected plants. Selected simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to screen the parents and their progenies to confirm the phenotypic SMV reactions. The results revealed that PI 399091 and PI 61947 each contain an allele at the Rsv3 locus. The phenotypic data were confirmed by SSR markers and TBIA. Based on their unique reaction patterns as compared to other reported Rsv3 alleles, PI 399091 and PI 61947 each contain a novel allele at the Rsv3 locus. We propose that the new symbols of Rsv3‐c and Rsv3‐h be assigned to the resistance alleles in PI 399091 and PI 61947, respectively. These alleles can be considered as valuable sources of resistance to virulent SMV strains.
Yield and Quality Response of Perennial Ryegrass Selected for High Concentration of Water‐Soluble Carbohydrate to Nitrogen Application Rate
Authors: Conaghan Patrick , O'Kiely Pádraig , Halling Magnus A. , O'Mara Frank P. , Nesheim Lars 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTThe expression of elevated water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) concentrations in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars selected for high forage WSC concentration can be highly variable across environments. Our aim was to determine whether N application rate influences the expression of the high WSC phenotype. Cultivars AberDart (selected for high WSC concentration) and Fennema (control) were evaluated across four fertilizer N application rates (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha−1 per harvest) over four replicates and 2 yr at Grange, Ireland, and Særheim, Norway. Plots were managed for silage production with four cuts per year in Ireland and three cuts per year in Norway. Nine forage traits were measured: WSC, dry matter digestibility, crude protein, buffering capacity, dry matter, ash, dry matter yield, N use efficiency, and apparent N recovery. The response of AberDart and Fennema to N application rate was predominantly similar within and over years and locations for all traits. Differences between cultivars in WSC concentration were largely consistent across N application rates, years, and locations. AberDart had mean WSC concentrations 8 to 12% higher than Fennema depending on harvest. Present results suggest that the evaluation and selection of perennial ryegrass for high concentrations of WSC in cool‐temperate maritime climates may be conducted across a wide range of N application rates and, by extension, soil N supply rates.
Lower Canopy Temperature is Associated with Higher Cytokinin Concentration in the Flag Leaf of Wheat
Authors: Fang Jing‐jing , Ma Wen‐Ying , Zhao Xue‐Qiang , He Xue , Li Bin , Tong Yi‐Ping , Li Zhen‐Sheng 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTCanopy temperature difference (CTD) is used to select wheat (Triticumaestivum L.) varieties tolerant to drought and heat stresses. As CTD reflects the stomatal conductance and transpiration of wheat leaves, and root‐synthesized cytokinin has been shown to be distributed into the aerial parts by the transpiration stream, we therefore investigated the associations of CTD with trans‐zeatin (Z) and trans‐zeatin riboside (ZR) concentration and tolerance of a leaf to high light and high temperature (HLHT) stresses in the flag leaf of different wheat genotypes in field trials. The measurements at 14 d postanthesis (DPA) in 2009 and at 7, 14, 21, and 28 DPA in 2010 showed that Z plus ZR level increased as canopy temperature decreased. This could be at least partially explained by the fact that the flag leaves of low canopy temperature (LT) genotypes received higher delivery rates per unit leaf area of Z plus ZR from the roots and had lower cytokinin oxidase activities than those of high canopy temperature (HT) genotypes. The flag leaves of LT genotypes also exhibited longer photosynthetic durations, higher activities of antioxidant enzymes, and stronger tolerance to HLHT stresses than those of HT genotypes, especially at the late grain filling stage. Hence, CTD shows the potential to be an index for selecting wheat with high cytokinin level of the flag leaf favorable for longer photosynthetic duration and stronger tolerance to HLHT stresses.
Soybean Seed Yield and Quality as a Response to Field Pennycress Residue
Authors: Phippen Winthrop B. , Phippen Mary E. 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTField pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.; hereafter pennycress) is an oilseed crop being investigated as an off‐season biofuel source that can potentially fit into the existing crop rotation cycle with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The objective of this 2‐yr study was to evaluate the effect of pennycress residue on seed yield and quality components of soybean planted during five consecutive weeks, from mid‐May to mid‐June. In 2009 and 2010, the mean soybean dry weight seed yield after pennycress residue for all planting dates (4108 and 3490 kg ha−1, respectively) was greater than yield from fallow control plots (3636 and 2992 kg ha−1, respectively). However, in 2010, soybean planted after pennycress had slightly lower oil content (202 g kg−1) than that obtained from fallow control plots (207 g kg−1) (P < 0.01). Delayed planting until mid‐June resulted in lower population density, plant height, seed yield, and oil concentration. Before June, planting date had no significant influence on soybean seed yield and quality. Protein content in soybean seed was not affected by year, pennycress residue, or planting date. Variation in the experimental year temperature values led to significant changes in oil components. High temperatures decreased levels of linoleic, linolenic, and stearic acids but increased levels of palmitic and oleic acids. Overall, pennycress had no negative effect on the subsequent soybean crop.
Assessment of Reaction Patterns of Hybrids to Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. under Artificial Infestation in Kenya and Nigeria
Authors: Menkir Abebe , Makumbi Dan , Franco Jorge 
Published: November 2012

ABSTRACTStriga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. is a widespread parasitic weed that inflicts damage on maize (Zea mays L.) in sub‐Saharan Africa. This is a highly variable root parasite that can contribute to significant genotype × parasite population interaction observed in field trials. The present study was thus conducted to determine the reaction patterns of hybrids developed in Nigeria for field resistance to S. hermonthica under artificial infestation at two locations each in Kenya and Nigeria in 2009 and 2010. In the combined analysis of variance, mean squares for country, location (country), year × country, hybrid × year × country, and hybrid × location (country) interactions were not significant for all measured traits. The variance for year, hybrid, year × location (country), hybrid × year, hybrid × country, and hybrid × year × location (country) interactions were significant for some or all measured traits. The nonparametric tests of concordance was significant (p < 0.0001) for all traits recorded under infestation in eight test environments (W = 0.55 to W = 0.76) in the two countries, indicating that S. hermonthica–resistant hybrids developed in Nigeria were also resistant in Kenya. Pattern analysis using a three‐way clustering method separated the 16 maize hybrids into two distinct groups with similar reaction patterns and levels of performance in the prevalent test environments of the two countries. Resistant hybrids had higher grain yields, fewer Striga damage symptoms, fewer emerged parasites, and taller plants in comparison to the tolerant, susceptible, and commercial hybrid checks. Some hybrids with consistent levels of resistance to S. hermonthica across locations and seasons in the two countries were identified in this study for further testing under a broad range of production conditions in the Striga‐affected areas of Kenya, Nigeria, and other countries to select the best hybrids for eventual release.
Hallux Valgus Correction Using Transarticular Lateral Release with Distal Chevron Osteotomy
Authors: Choi Young Rak , Lee Ho Seong , Jeong Jae Jung , Kim Sang Woo , Jeon In-Ho , Lee Dong Ho , Lee Woo Chun 
Published: November 2012

Background: Transarticular lateral release through a medial incision can avoid a dorsal incision. This study investigated outcomes following hallux valgus correction using transarticular lateral release, distal chevron metatarsal osteotomy and Akin phalangeal osteotomy through one medial incision. Methods: Between June 2004 and May 2009, a single surgeon performed a transarticular lateral release, distal chevron metatarsal osteotomy and Akin phalangeal osteotomy through one medial incision for hallux valgus on a total of 103 feet of 68 patients. The average patient age at the time of surgery was 51 years, and the average followup was 27 months. Results: The average preoperative and final followup results were: 1) hallux valgus angle improvement from 29 degrees to 5 degrees, 2) intermetatarsal angle from 13 degrees to 5 degrees and 3) medial sesamoid bone position from 3 to 1 ( p < 0.05 for each variable). The average AOFAS scores were improved from 49 to 92, and the VAS pain scores were improved from 7 to 1 ( p < 0.05 for both variables). No patient had a serious complication such as infection, avascular necrosis, nonunion, transfer-metatarsalgia, or first metatarsophalangeal joint arthritis. Conclusion: Hallux valgus correction using transarticular lateral release, distal chevron metatarsal osteotomy and Akin phalangeal osteotomy through one medial incision was found to be effective and safe. The advantages include that the procedure is simple, early ambulation is possible, and there is no dorsal scarring. Level of Evidence: IV, Therapeutic Study
Primary Achilles Tendon Repair with Mini-Dorsolateral Incision Technique and Accelerated Rehabilitation
Authors: Hrnack Scott A. , Crates John M. , Barber F. Alan 
Published: November 2012

Background: No consensus exists for the best primary repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Problems with wound healing and nerve damage can occur. Prolonged immobilization leads to stiffness and calf atrophy. This study assesses the clinical outcome of acute Achilles tendon repairs using a mini-dorsolateral incision followed by a rapid rehabilitation program. Materials: A consecutive series of acute Achilles tendon ruptures repaired using a mini-dorsolateral incision were reviewed with a minimum 12 months follow up. Fifteen patients with an average age of 44 (range, 32 to 60) years were followed an average of 45 (range, 14 to 72) months. Two modified, buried core high strength sutures were placed in each torn end of the Achilles tendon reinforced with a running circumferential whip-stitch. Ankle Hindfoot scores, single toe raises, calf circumference, and adverse events were recorded. An accelerated postoperative rehabilitation protocol was followed. Results: Postoperative AOFAS Ankle Hindfoot scores averaged 98.3 [39 pain; 49.6 function; 9.3 alignment]. All patients could single heel raise. Eight of 15 demonstrated atrophy with an average calf circumference loss of 1.0 cm. The only postoperative complication was one case of superficial cellulitis successfully treated with oral antibiotics. There were no sural nerve injuries, wound break down, or re-ruptures at final followup. Conclusion: The repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures through a minimal lateral incision provided excellent functional outcomes, avoided complications including sural nerve injury, and allowed a return to sports between 4 to 6 months. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Patterns in neurosurgical adverse events: endovascular neurosurgery
Authors: Wong Judith M. , Ziewacz John E. , Panchmatia Jaykar R. , Bader Angela M. , Pandey Aditya S. , Thompson B. Gregory , Frerichs Kai , Gawande Atul A. 
Published: November 2012

As part of a project to devise evidence-based safety interventions for specialty surgery, the authors sought to review current evidence in endovascular neurosurgery concerning the frequency of adverse events in practice, their patterns, and current methods of reducing the occurrence of these events. This review represents part of a series of papers written to consolidate information about these events and preventive measures as part of an ongoing effort to ascertain the utility of devising system-wide policies and safety tools to improve neurosurgical practice.
Based on a review of the literature, thromboembolic events appeared to be the most common adverse events in endovascular neurosurgery, with a reported incidence ranging from 2% to 61% depending on aneurysm rupture status and mode of detection of the event. Intraprocedural and periprocedural prevention and rescue regimens are advocated to minimize this risk; however, evidence on the optimal use of anticoagulant and antithrombotic agents is limited. Furthermore, it is unknown what proportion of eligible patients receive any prophylactic treatment.
Groin-site hematoma is the most common access-related complication. Data from the cardiac literature indicate an overall incidence of 9% to 32%, but data specific to neuroendovascular therapy are scant. Manual compression, compression adjuncts, and closure devices are used with varying rates of success, but no standardized protocols have been tested on a broad scale. Contrast-induced nephropathy is one of the more common causes of hospital-acquired renal insufficiency, with an incidence of 30% in high-risk patients after contrast administration. Evidence from medical fields supports the use of various preventive strategies.
Intraprocedural vessel rupture is infrequent, with the reported incidence ranging from 1% to 9%, but it is potentially devastating. Improvements in device technology combined with proper endovascular technique play an important role in reducing this risk.
Occasionally, anatomical or technical difficulties preclude treatment of the lesion of interest. Reports of such occurrences are scant, but existing series suggest an incidence of 4% to 6%. Management strategies for radiation-induced effects are also discussed. The incidence rates are unknown, but protective techniques have been demonstrated.
Many of these complications have strategies that appear effective in reducing their risk of occurrence, but development and evaluation of systematic guidelines and protocols have been widely lacking. Furthermore, there has been little monitoring of levels of adherence to potentially effective practices. Protocols and monitoring programs to support integrated implementation may be broadly effective.
Patterns in neurosurgical adverse events and proposed strategies for reduction
Authors: Wong Judith M. , Bader Angela M. , Laws Edward R. , Popp A. John , Gawande Atul A. 
Published: November 2012

Neurosurgery is a high-risk specialty currently undertaking the pursuit of systematic approaches to reducing risk and to measuring and improving outcomes. The authors performed a review of patterns and frequencies of adverse events in neurosurgery as background for future efforts directed at the improvement of quality and safety in neurosurgery.
They found 6 categories of contributory factors in neurosurgical adverse events, categorizing the events as influenced by issues in surgical technique, perioperative medical management, use of and adherence to protocols, preoperative optimization, technology, and communication. There was a wide distribution of reported occurrence rates for many of the adverse events, in part due to the absence of definitive literature in this area and to the lack of standardized reporting systems.
On the basis of their analysis, the authors identified 5 priority recommendations for improving outcomes for neurosurgical patients at a population level: 1) development and implementation of a national registry for outcome data and monitoring; 2) full integration of the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist into the operating room workflow, which improves fundamental aspects of surgical care such as adherence to antibiotic protocols and communication within surgical teams; and 3–5) activity by neurosurgical societies to drive increased standardization for the safety of specialized equipment used by neurosurgeons (3), more widespread regionalization and/or subspecialization (4), and establishment of data-driven guidelines and protocols (5). The fraction of adverse events that might be avoided if proposed strategies to improve practice and decrease variability are fully adopted remains to be determined. The authors hope that this consolidation of what is currently known and practiced in neurosurgery, the application of relevant advances in other fields, and attention to proposed strategies will serve as a basis for informed and concerted efforts to improve outcomes and patient safety in neurosurgery.
The design, development, and implementation of a checklist for intraoperative neuromonitoring changes
Authors: Ziewacz John E. , Berven Sigurd H. , Mummaneni Valli P. , Tu Tsung-Hsi , Akinbo Olaolu C. , Lyon Russ , Mummaneni Praveen V. 
Published: November 2012

Object
The purpose of this study was to provide an evidence-based algorithm for the design, development, and implementation of a new checklist for the response to an intraoperative neuromonitoring alert during spine surgery.

Methods
The aviation and surgical literature was surveyed for evidence of successful checklist design, development, and implementation. The limitations of checklists and the barriers to their implementation were reviewed. Based on this review, an algorithm for neurosurgical checklist creation and implementation was developed. Using this algorithm, a multidisciplinary team surveyed the literature for the best practices for how to respond to an intraoperative neuromonitoring alert. All stakeholders then reviewed the evidence and came to consensus regarding items for inclusion in the checklist.

Results
A checklist for responding to an intraoperative neuromonitoring alert was devised. It highlights the specific roles of the anesthesiologist, surgeon, and neuromonitoring personnel and encourages communication between teams. It focuses on the items critical for identifying and correcting reversible causes of neuromonitoring alerts. Following initial design, the checklist draft was reviewed and amended with stakeholder input. The checklist was then evaluated in a small-scale trial and revised based on usability and feasibility.

Conclusions
The authors have developed an evidence-based algorithm for the design, development, and implementation of checklists in neurosurgery and have used this algorithm to devise a checklist for responding to intraoperative neuromonitoring alerts in spine surgery.