bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KEDUDUKAN HARTA DAN PERMASALAHANNYA
Authors: Irdaningsih Irdaningsih , Nasution Fahrurozi 
Published: July 2024

Abstrack
The author interprets and explains the position of property and the function of property itself in Islam. The results of this discussion are: 1. The position of assets 2. The functions of assets in accordance with sharia' include: Perfection of mahdhah worship, Maintaining and increasing faith and devotion to Allah SWT, Continuing the relay of life, Harmonizing life in this world and the hereafter, Provisions for finding and develop knowledge, Harmony in state and society, To rotate the roles of life, To foster friendship.,3. Division of assets as a result of law, 4. Gift of property. Property ownership is based on the following principles: Trust, Infradhiyah, ijtima'iyah and benefits. Maintaining assets is the last in the five elements of benefit, but according to the author, assets are the main milestone in maintaining the five maqashid of sharia (shariah goals). By having sufficient wealth, all five benefits (religion, soul, intellect, offspring and wealth) will be fulfilled. This research uses qualitative research with a literature review approach.
Abstrak
Penulis menginterprestasikan dan menjelaskan tentang kedudukan harta dan fungsi harta sendiri dalam Islam. Hasil dari pembahasan ini adalah: 1. Kedudukan harta 2.Fungsi harta yang sesuai dengan syara’ antara lain untuk: Kesempurnaan ibadah mahdhah, Memelihara dan meningkatkan keimanan dan ketaqwaan kepada Allah SWT, Meneruskan estafet kehidupan, Menyelaraskan antara kehidupan dunia dan akhirat, Bekal mencari dan mengembangkan ilmu, Keharmonisan hidup bernegara dan bermasyarakat, Untuk memutarkan peranan-peranan kehidupan, Untuk menumbuhkan silaturrahim.,3. Pembagian harta akibat hukum,4. Pemberian harta. Kepemilikan harta di dasarkan pada asas sebagai berikut: Amanah, Infradhiyah, ijtima’iyah dan manfaat. Memelihara harta merupakan urutan terakhir dalam lima unsur kemaslahatan, namun menurut penulis harta merupakan tonggak utama dalam memelihara kelima maqashid syariah (tujuan syariah). Dengan memiliki harta yang cukup akan terpenuhi semua lima maslahat (agama, jiwa,akal, keturunan dan harta). Penelitan ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur review.
Measurement Properties of Backward Walking and Its Sensitivity and Feasibility in Predicting Falls in People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Monaghan Patrick G. , Takla Taylor N. , Chargo Alexis N. , Edwards Erin M. , Yu Biaohua , Myers Emily , Daugherty Ana M. , Fritz Nora E. 
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:
People with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience mobility impairments that elevate fall risk, increasing the need to identify clinical measures that accurately predict falls. Backward walking (BW) better differentiates fallers from nonfallers in MS. However, no studies have reported the measurement properties of the backward walking Timed 25-Foot Walk (B-T25-FW) and BW metrics, like BW velocity. Additionally, it is unknown whether BW can predict future falls in MS or its link to activity levels. This study assessed the reliability and responsiveness of B-T25-FW and BW metrics, including BW velocity. It also examined whether BW could predict falls at 3 and 6 months and its association with activity levels.

METHODS:
During 2 separate visits, 23 people with MS completed the forward walking Timed 25-Foot Walk (F-T25-FW) and B-T25-FW, as well as forward walking and BW assessments in which spatiotemporal measures were recorded. Test-retest reliability was determined with intraclass correlation coefficients, and minimum detectable changes were calculated. Correlation analyses explored the relationship between BW velocity, B-T25-FW, prospective falls, and activity levels.

RESULTS:
B-T25-FW and BW velocity exhibited excellent test-retest reliability. Large effect sizes to interpret clinically meaningful change in the B-T25-FW and BW velocity were also found. Both metrics demonstrated modest negative correlations with falls at 3 and 6 months and correlated strongly with very active minutes at 3- and 6-months post study.

CONCLUSIONS:
The B-T25-FW and BW velocity are effective and reliable in clinical use for evaluating functional mobility in people with MS, are sensitive enough to detect subtle changes, and may be a meaningful marker for tracking disease progression and treatment efficacy.
Factors Associated With Attrition in a Longitudinal Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry
Authors: Iannaccone Christine K. , Fossel Anne , Tsao Hsun , Cui Jing , Weinblatt Michael , Shadick Nancy 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveLoss of participants in longitudinal data collection can affect the validity of outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) registries. Prior research indicates that demographics and socioeconomic and psychosocial factors contribute to attrition. This study analyzed the characteristics of an RA registry that may contribute to attrition in a hospital‐based population.MethodsSubjects consisted of RA patients enrolled in the Brigham and Women's Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study. Demographics and clinical and psychological factors were evaluated in univariate analyses to determine differences between participants who dropped out and those who completed 5 years of followup. Univariate factors with aPvalue <0.1 were used in a survival analysis to determine significant factors associated with attrition. A secondary analysis looked at patients who dropped out during the first year.ResultsA total of 1,144 RA participants were enrolled (509 completed 5 years of followup, 227 were still actively enrolled, and 408 dropped out). The attrition rate was 4.31% per 6‐month cycle. Shorter disease duration, higher disease activity (3‐variable Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using the C‐reactive protein level), less education, RA drug therapy, and lower arthritis self‐efficacy were statistically significant in multivariate survival analyses. In a secondary analysis, sex and age were the only additional factors found that contributed to attrition.ConclusionThe attrition rate for this registry was similar to rates reported by other registries. Shorter disease duration, higher disease activity, and several other socioeconomic factors were associated. Men and younger patients tended to drop out during the first year. Population differences in each registry may result in different attrition patterns and ultimately, each longitudinal registry should consider conducting its own analyses.
Evidence of a Systemic Predisposition to Chondrocalcinosis and Association Between Chondrocalcinosis and Osteoarthritis at Distant Joints: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Abhishek A. , Doherty S. , Maciewicz R. , Muir K. , Zhang W. , Doherty M. 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo determine whether there is a systemic predisposition to chondrocalcinosis (CC) and to examine the association between CC and osteoarthritis (OA) at distant joints.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study embedded in the Genetics of Osteoarthritis and Lifestyle (GOAL) database (n = 3,170). All GOAL participants have had radiographs of the knees, hands, and pelvis performed. These were scored for OA at the knee, hip, wrist, and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints and for CC at the knee, hip, wrist, and symphysis pubis joints and for MCP joint calcification. Systemic predisposition to CC was established using cluster analysis. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were used to examine the association between CC at the index and distant joints, CC and OA at the same joint, and index joint OA and distant joint CC. We adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index, and for distant joint OA, if required.ResultsJoints with CC clustered together. This was also observed when participants with OA were excluded from the analysis. CC at each joint was associated with CC at distant joints. Knee and wrist OA but not hip OA was associated with CC at the same joint. MCP joint OA was associated with MCP joint calcification. Knee OA was associated with CC at other joints, and this was independent of OA at the distant joint. There was no association between hip OA and distant joint CC.ConclusionThere is a systemic predisposition to the apparently sporadic CC. OA is associated with CC at the same joint and at distant joints, except hip OA, which is not associated with hip CC or with CC at distant joints.
Does Smoking Reduce the Progression of Osteoarthritis? Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Pearce Fiona , Hui Michelle , Ding Changhai , Doherty Michael , Zhang Weiya 
Published: January 2013

ObjectiveTo determine whether smoking reduces the progression of osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsObservational studies examining smoking and progression of OA were systematically searched through Medline (1948–), EMBase (1980–), Web of Science, PubMed, and Google and relevant references. The search was last updated in May 2012. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were directly retrieved or calculated. Current standards for reporting meta‐analyses of observational studies (Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) were followed. Quality‐related aspects such as study design, setting, sample selection, definition of progression, and confounding bias were recorded. Stratified and meta‐regression analyses were undertaken to examine the covariates.ResultsSixteen studies (976,564 participants) were identified from the literature. Overall, there was no significant association between smoking and progression of OA (OR 0.92; 95% CI 0.83, 1.02). There was moderate heterogeneity of results (I2 = 57.3%, P = 0.0024). Subgroup analyses showed some associations of marginal significance; however, meta‐regression did not confirm any significant results.ConclusionThere is no compelling evidence that smoking has a protective effect on the progression of OA. The results concur with a previous meta‐analysis published by this group that showed no association between smoking and incidence of OA. Taken together, smoking does not appear to reduce either the incidence or progression of OA.
Molecular Intercalation and Cohesion of Organic Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Devices
Authors: Bruner Christopher , Cates Nichole , McGehee Michael D. , Dauskardt Reinhold H. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe phase separated bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layer in BHJ polymer:fullerene organic photovoltaic devices (OPV) are mechanically weak with low values of cohesion. Improved cohesion is important for OPV device thermomechanical reliability. BHJ devices are investigated and how fullerene intercalation within the active layer affects cohesive properties in the BHJ is shown. The intercalation of fullerenes between the side chains of the polymers poly(3,3″′‐didocecyl quaterthiophene) (PQT‐12) and poly(2,5‐bis(3‐hexadecylthiophen‐2‐yl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (pBTTT) is shown to enhance BHJ layer cohesion. Cohesion values range from ≈1 to 5 J m−2, depending on the polymer:fullerene blend, processing conditions, and composition. Devices with non‐intercalated BHJ layers are found to have significantly reduced values of cohesion. The resulting device power conversion efficiencies (PCE) are also investigated and correlated with the device cohesion.
Bench‐Top Fabrication of Hierarchically Structured High‐Surface‐Area Electrodes
Authors: Gabardo Christine M. , Zhu Yujie , Soleymani Leyla , Moran‐Mirabal Jose M. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractFabrication of hierarchical materials, with highly optimized features from the millimeter to the nanometer scale, is crucial for applications in diverse areas including biosensing, energy storage, photovoltaics, and tissue engineering. In the past, complex material architectures have been achieved using a combination of top‐down and bottom‐up fabrication approaches. A remaining challenge, however, is the rapid, inexpensive, and simple fabrication of such materials systems using bench‐top prototyping methods. To address this challenge, the properties of hierarchically structured electrodes are developed and investigated by combining three bench‐top techniques: top‐down electrode patterning using vinyl masks created by a computer‐aided design (CAD)‐driven cutter, thin film micro/nanostructuring using a shrinkable polymer substrate, and tunable electrodeposition of conductive materials. By combining these methods, controllable electrode arrays are created with features in three distinct length scales: 40 μm to 1 mm, 50 nm to 10 μm, and 20 nm to 2 μm. The electrical and electrochemical properties of these electrodes are analyzed and it is demonstrated that they are excellent candidates for next generation low‐cost electrochemical and electronic devices.
Development of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in NZM 2328 Mice in the Absence of any Single BAFF Receptor
Authors: Jacob Chaim O. , Yu Ning , Guo Shunhua , Jacob Noam , Quinn William J. , Sindhava Vishal , Cancro Michael P. , Goilav Beatrice , Putterman Chaim , Migone Thi‐Sau , Stohl William 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the necessity for any individual BAFF receptor in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsBcma‐, Taci‐, and Br3‐null mutations were introgressed into NZM 2328 mice. NZM.Bcma−/−, NZM.Taci−/−, and NZM.Br3−/− mice were evaluated for lymphocyte phenotype and BAFF receptor expression by flow cytometry; for B cell responsiveness to BAFF by in vitro culture; for serum levels of BAFF and total IgG and IgG anti–double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay; for renal immunopathology by immunofluorescence and histopathology; and for clinical disease.ResultsBCMA, TACI, and B lymphocyte stimulator receptor 3 (BR3) were not surface‐expressed in NZM.Bcma−/−, NZM.Taci−/−, and NZM.Br3−/− mice, respectively. Transitional and follicular B cells from NZM.Br3−/− mice were much less responsive to BAFF than were the corresponding cells from wild‐type, NZM.Bcma−/−, or NZM.Taci−/− mice. In comparison with wild‐type mice, NZM.Bcma−/− and NZM.Taci−/− mice harbored an increased number of spleen B cells, T cells, and plasma cells, whereas serum levels of total IgG and IgG anti‐dsDNA were similar to those in wild‐type mice. Despite their paucity of B cells, NZM.Br3−/− mice had an increased number of T cells, and the numbers of plasma cells and levels of IgG anti‐dsDNA were similar to those in wild‐type mice. Serum levels of BAFF were increased in NZM.Taci−/− and NZM.Br3−/− mice but were decreased in NZM.Bcma−/− mice. Despite their phenotypic differences, NZM.Bcma−/−, NZM.Taci−/−, and NZM.Br3−/− mice had renal immunopathology and clinical disease that were at least as severe as that in wild‐type mice.ConclusionAny single BAFF receptor, including BR3, is dispensable for the development of SLE in NZM mice. Development of disease in NZM.Br3−/− mice demonstrates that BAFF–BCMA and/or BAFF–TACI interactions contribute to SLE, and that a profound, life‐long reduction in the numbers of B cells does not guarantee protection against SLE.
Interleukin‐22 Reduces the Severity of Collagen‐Induced Arthritis in Association With Increased Levels of Interleukin‐10
Authors: Sarkar Sujata , Zhou Xiaoqun , Justa Shivali , Bommireddy Swaroopa Rani 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveThe mechanism of action of interleukin‐ 22 (IL‐22) in inflammatory arthritis remains unknown. IL‐22–deficient mice exhibit an intact humoral and cellular immune response to collagen and yet have a reduced incidence of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA). Further, administration of anti–IL‐22 does not reduce the severity of clinical arthritis but rather improves only certain aspects of joint inflammation as assessed histologically. This study was undertaken to investigate the mechanism of action and role of systemic IL‐22 in modulating target organ inflammation.MethodsCIA was induced in DBA mice by immunization with collagen and Freund's complete adjuvant. Expression of IL‐22 and its receptor (IL‐22R) in lymphoid organ and target tissues was determined during various phases of arthritis. The effector functions of IL‐22 on induction/regulation of various cytokines in in vitro restimulation cultures were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Recombinant IL‐22 with or without anti–IL‐10 antibody was administered to mice following immunization with collagen and prior to the onset of arthritis, and the severity of arthritis was evaluated by clinical scoring and histopathologic assessment. Anticollagen antibodies in mouse sera were analyzed by ELISA.ResultsIL‐22 and IL‐22R were up‐regulated in lymphoid organs and joints during the course of arthritis. IL‐22 augmented IL‐10, IL‐17, and IL‐6 in lymphoid tissues in vitro. Administration of recombinant IL‐22 was associated with an increase in IL‐10 levels in vivo and a significant reduction in the progression of arthritis severity. Anti–IL‐10 antibody treatment was associated with the abrogation of this protective effect of IL‐22.ConclusionOur data demonstrate, for the first time, that IL‐22 has a protective role in inflammatory arthritis.
Suppression of Hyaluronan Synthesis Alleviates Inflammatory Responses in Murine Arthritis and in Human Rheumatoid Synovial Fibroblasts
Authors: Yoshioka Yutaka , Kozawa Eiji , Urakawa Hiroshi , Arai Eisuke , Futamura Naohisa , Zhuo Lisheng , Kimata Koji , Ishiguro Naoki , Nishida Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2013

AbstractObjectiveTo clarify the roles of hyaluronan (HA) in joint inflammation and the process of joint destruction, using 4‐methylumbelliferone (4‐MU), an inhibitor of HA synthesis, in a mouse model of collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) and in a monolayer culture of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLS) derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.MethodsDAB/1J mice were immunized with type II collagen. The effects of 4‐MU were evaluated by the physiologic arthritis score, paw swelling, the histologic arthritis score, and expression of matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP‐3) and MMP‐13 in chondrocytes and synovial tissue. In vitro, the effect of 4‐MU on messenger RNA and protein expression of MMP‐1 and MMP‐3 was determined. The effects of 4‐MU on HA deposition and on serum/medium concentrations of HA were analyzed using biotinylated HA binding protein staining and an HA binding assay, respectively.ResultsTreatment with 4‐MU in mice with CIA dramatically decreased the severity of arthritis (based on the arthritis score), paw thickness, and histopathologic changes. MMP‐3 and MMP‐13 expression in chondrocytes and synovial cells was significantly inhibited by 4‐MU in vivo. Treatment with 4‐MU also inhibited MMP‐1 and MMP‐3 expression in tumor necrosis factor α–stimulated FLS, in a dose‐dependent manner. The 4‐MU–induced decreases in the serum HA concentration in mice with CIA and in “medium” and “pericellular” HA concentrations in cultured FLS support the contention that the inhibitory mechanism of 4‐MU is mediated by HA suppression.ConclusionReduced disease activity induced by 4‐MU in mice with CIA revealed HA to be a crucial regulator in the course of arthritis. Therefore, 4‐MU is a potential therapeutic agent in arthritis, and its inhibitory mechanism is possibly mediated by suppression of HA synthesis.
Myelin‐specific proteins: A structurally diverse group of membrane‐interacting molecules
Authors: Han Huijong , Myllykoski Matti , Ruskamo Salla , Wang Chaozhan , Kursula Petri 
Published: January 2013

AbstractThe myelin sheath is a multilayered membrane in the nervous system, which has unique biochemical properties. Myelin carries a set of specific high‐abundance proteins, the structure and function of which are still poorly understood. The proteins of the myelin sheath are involved in a number of neurological diseases, including autoimmune diseases and inherited neuropathies. In this review, we briefly discuss the structural properties and functions of selected myelin‐specific proteins (P0, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, myelin‐associated glycoprotein, myelin basic protein, myelin‐associated oligodendrocytic basic protein, P2, proteolipid protein, peripheral myelin protein of 22 kDa, 2′,3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase, and periaxin); such properties include, for example, interactions with lipid bilayers and the presence of large intrinsically disordered regions in some myelin proteins. A detailed understanding of myelin protein structure and function at the molecular level will be required to fully grasp their physiological roles in the myelin sheath. © 2013 BioFactors, 2013
Multi‐cycle recovery of lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase from crude whey using fimbriated high‐capacity magnetic cation exchangers and a novel “rotor–stator” high‐gradient magnetic separator
Authors: Brown Geoffrey N. , Müller Christine , Theodosiou Eirini , Franzreb Matthias , Thomas Owen R.T. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractCerium (IV) initiated “graft‐from” polymerization reactions were employed to convert M‐PVA magnetic particles into polyacrylic acid‐fimbriated magnetic cation exchange supports displaying ultra‐high binding capacity for basic target proteins. The modifications, which were performed at 25 mg and 2.5 g scales, delivered maximum binding capacities (Qmax) for hen egg white lysozyme in excess of 320 mg g−1, combined with sub‐micromolar dissociation constants (0.45–0.69 µm) and “tightness of binding” values greater than 49 L g−1. Two batches of polyacrylic acid‐fimbriated magnetic cation exchangers were combined to form a 5 g pooled batch exhibiting Qmax values for lysozyme, lactoferrin, and lactoperoxidase of 404, 585, and 685 mg g−1, respectively. These magnetic cation exchangers were subsequently employed together with a newly designed “rotor–stator” type HGMF rig, in five sequential cycles of recovery of lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase from 2 L batches of a crude sweet bovine whey feedstock. Lactoferrin purification performance was observed to remain relatively constant from one HGMF cycle to the next over the five operating cycles, with yields between 40% and 49% combined with purification and concentration factors of 37‐ to 46‐fold and 1.3‐ to 1.6‐fold, respectively. The far superior multi‐cycle HGMF performance seen here compared to that observed in our earlier studies can be directly attributed to the combined use of improved high capacity adsorbents and superior particle resuspension afforded by the new “rotor–stator” HGMS design. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013; 110: 1714–1725. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic Asymmetric Alkylation Reactions for the Construction of Protected Ethylene‐Amino and Propylene‐Amino Motifs Attached to Quaternary Stereocentres
Authors: Moss Thomas A. , Barber David M. , Kyle Andrew F. , Dixon Darren J. 
Published: January 2013

AbstractAn efficient catalytic and stereoselective method for the direct construction of protected ethylene‐amino and propylene‐amino scaffolds attached to quaternary stereocentres is reported. Preliminary investigations revealed a mild base catalysed nucleophilic ring opening of N‐sulfonyl aziridines using the commercially available phosphazene base 2‐tert‐butylimino‐2‐diethylamino‐1,3‐dimethyl‐perhydro‐1,3,2‐diazaphosphorine (BEMP) was possible and resulted in highly efficient alkylation reactions with a range of methine carbon acids. This reaction could be rendered highly asymmetric (up to 97 % ee) by employing phase‐transfer catalysis to control stereoinduction. Incorporation of alkyl substituents onto the aziridine electrophile, resulted in a highly diastereoselective (up to 30:1 d.r.) variant of this methodology. A further extension using N‐protected cyclic sulfamidates as the electrophilic component was successful with a range of pro‐nucleophiles (up to 96 % ee and 45:1 d.r.) and allowed a range of nitrogen protecting groups (carbamate, sulfonyl, phosphonyl, benzyl) to be incorporated into the alkylation adducts. Finally, the utility of the products have been demonstrated in the synthesis of useful heterocycles and compounds bearing structural components of natural products.