bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From coffee industry waste materials to skin‐friendly products with improved skin fat levels
Authors: Ribeiro Helena , Marto Joana , Raposo Sara , Agapito Maria , Isaac Vera , Chiari Bruna G. , Lisboa Pedro F. , Paiva Alexandre , Barreiros Susana , Simões Pedro 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSpent coffee grounds (SCG), which are the residue obtained from the treatment of coffee with hot water or steam, can be used for industrial applications, due to the high content in lipids. The cosmetic products might be a suitable application for these types of residues because the barrier properties of the stratum corneum (SC) are largely dependent on the intactness of the lipid lamellae that surrounds the corneocytes. The purpose of this work was to assess the feasibility of using the lipid fraction of SCG extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide in the development of new cosmetic formulations with improved skin lipids (sebum) and hydration. The use of spent coffee lipid extract in cosmetic industry seems to be a suitable approach to recycle the wastes from coffee industry. Emulsion containing 10% of the lipid fraction of SCG (SpentCofOil cream) presented promising characteristics in the improvement of sebum skin levels with a good acceptance by consumers when compared to an emulsion containing 10% w/w of green coffee oil (GreenCofOil cream) and a placebo without coffee oil (NoCofOil cream).Practical applications: In this work, the authors develop and characterize a cream containing 10% of the lipid fraction of SCG extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide with improved skin lipids (sebum) and hydration.
Erucic acid evaluation in rapeseed and canola oil by Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Sherazi Syed Tufail Hussain , Arain Sarfraz , Mahesar Sarfaraz Ahmed , Bhanger Muhammad Iqbal , Khaskheli Abdul Rauf 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA simple and rapid method was developed for the determination of erucic acid in rapeseed oil by single bounce attenuated total reflectance (SB‐ATR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The various ratios prepared from the three different types of oils (rapeseed, canola, and sunflower) were run on gas chromatograph to identify amount of erucic acid. Therefore, a wide range of erucic acid (0.5–53.0%) was obtained for the calibration. The partial least squares (PLS) calibration was used for predicting erucic acid using spectral region at 2983–657/cm. The root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP), root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), and root mean square error of cross‐validation (RMSECV) were also determined to assess the accuracy of the method. The regression coefficient (R2) was obtained 0.999 with least errors of RMSEC (0.12%), RMSECV (1.96%), and RMSEP (1.38%). The accuracy of the FTIR method was evaluated by analyzing canola and rapeseed oil samples by GC‐MS and the results of both the techniques were found to be comparable.Practical applications: Generally, GC is used for determination of erucic acid in vegetable oils. But it needs the very laborious process of derivatization of fatty acids into their respective volatile methyl esters. Furthermore, lot of health hazardous chemicals and reagents are involved in the process of derivatization which are potential source for environmental pollution. Generally, FTIR spectroscopy has been recognized as a very simple, rapid, and cost effective technique. During the last decade, several researchers have used multivariate regression to build up calibration models based on FTIR data. The use of multivariate calibration methods is able to provide, estimates of the precision of the analysis, and yields important qualitative, quantitative, and analytical information. The objective of the present study was to develop a simple methodology for the quantitative analysis of low and high levels of erucic acid in canola and rapeseed oil, respectively by SB‐ATR FTIR spectroscopy with PLSs regression.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of Secondary Arylamines: An Aliphatic‐to‐Aromatic Transformation
Authors: Barros M. Teresa , Dey Suvendu S. , Maycock Christopher D. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractAn efficient method for the N‐arylation of primary and some secondary amines using 2‐halocyclohex‐2‐enones in an aliphatic‐to‐aromatic transformation in the presence of a substoichiometric amount of pTsOH has been developed.
Biomimetic Three‐Component Assembly of the Central Core of Halichonadins K and L
Authors: Senejoux François , Evanno Laurent , Poupon Erwan 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe one‐step cascade assembly of the central core of halichonadins K and L, two dimeric sesquiterpenoids of marine origin, is described for a model system providing suitable conditions towards the total synthesis of the two molecules. A biomimetic multicomponent reaction involving a glycine, a C5 unit presumably derived from lysine, and an isocyanide mimic of the terpene decalins is studied.
Local Non‐Equilibrium Thermal Effects in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Various Fuels
Authors: Zheng Keqing , Sun Qiong , Ni Meng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractLocal thermal equilibrium (LTE) is a common assumption used in thermal modeling of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, its validity has not been fully verified. To examine the validity of the LTE assumption, a thermal model has been developed to evaluate the local thermal non‐equilibrium effect of SOFC electrodes with various fuels, considering methane internal reforming and ammonia thermal cracking in the anode. Although the local thermal non‐equilibrium effect for ammonia‐fed SOFCs was more pronounced than that for hydrogen‐fed SOFCs, the local thermal equilibrium assumption can be safely adopted for SOFC modeling for a wide range of operating/structural parameters and for various fuels, such as hydrogen, ammonia, and methane.
CdSSe Nanocrystals with Induced Chemical Composition Gradients
Authors: Harrison Melissa A. , Ng Amy , Hmelo Anthony B. , Rosenthal Sandra J. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractSemiconductor nanocrystals of CdSSe exhibiting chemical composition gradients are synthesized via a facile, one‐pot synthesis. Varying degrees of gradation are observed as growth temperatures are manipulated to alter rates of reactivity for anionic precursors. Stoichiometries, with growth time and change in temperature, are determined using Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy to demonstrate chemical composition gradients. Sizes and structures of compositionally graded CdSSe nanocrystals are determined using transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction techniques, respectively. We employ absorption spectroscopy and photoluminescence techniques to elucidate the corresponding optical properties. Nanocrystals with chemical composition gradients demonstrating enhanced luminescence efficiency could be the key to improved nanocrystal optical performance.
Chiral LigandInduced Circular Dichroism in Excitonic Absorption of Colloidal Quantum Dots
Authors: Moshe Assaf Ben , Markovich Gil 
Published: December 2012

AbstractA range of unique properties have been extensively studied in colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots, QDs). The possibility to manipulate the properties of these systems by controlling size and composition is attractive for many different applications, as well as for fundamental studies. Recently, the properties of chirality and chiroptical activity induced by surface ligands at QDs were considered. It was shown that chiroptical activity can be induced in the exciton transitions of quantum dots by capping them with chiral molecules. In this work, chiroptical spectroscopy (mainly circular dichroism) is used to study induced effects in CdS, CdSe and ZnSe QD systems. Some fundamental differences are encountered between CdS or CdSe samples and ZnSe samples. The results are analyzed to account for the mechanism of induction of chiroptical activity in the inorganic core by chiral capping molecules. Two electronic mechanisms of interaction are considered and discussed in light of the results. It is also suggested that chiroptical spectroscopy might serve as an efficient tool to characterize electronic (or electron‐hole) level spectra of nanocrystal systems by analyzing circular dichroism intensity and lineshape.
Sensing and Biosensing with Semiconductor Quantum Dots
Authors: Freeman Ronit , Girsh Julia , Willner Bilha , Willner Itamar 
Published: December 2012

AbstractDue to an internal error, the following article was added after the original publication of the special issue on Nanochemistry (11‐12/2012).Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) exhibit unique photophysical properties, turning these nanomaterials into ideal components for the development of optical or optoelectronic sensors and biosensors. Various methods and mechanisms of using QDs for sensing have been implemented, including the probing of recognition events by the luminescence of the QDs, their application in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), electron transfer (ET), chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer (CRET), and photoelectrochemical generation of photocurrents. These different mechanisms are exemplified by discussing the QD‐based sensing of low‐molecular‐weight substrates, chiroselective sensing of amino acids, probing of the catalytic activities of enzymes (casein kinase, tyrosinase, NAD+‐dependent enzymes), and analysis of DNA and of aptamer‐substrate complexes. Specifically, the amplified QD‐based sensing of DNA using exonuclease III as target regeneration biocatalyst and the multiplexed detection of DNAs using differently sized QDs are discussed. Also, the implementation of the CRET process for the multiplexed analysis of DNA using differently sized QDs is addressed. Finally, the use of semiconductor QDs for the photoelectrochemical detection of DNA, aptamer‐substrate complexes and enzyme activities are discussed. Specifically, the use of QDs for photoelectrochemical sensors, using the CRET process as internal excitation light source, is described. The future applications of the various QD‐based sensors as analytical devices and as nanotools that probe intracellular processes are discussed.
Bioaccumulation of alkaline soil metals (Ca, Mg) and heavy metals (Cd, Ni, Pb) patterns expressed by freshwater species of Ulva (Wielkopolska, Poland)
Authors: Rybak Andrzej , Messyasz Beata , Łęska Bogusława 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe paper includes results of the first study on the accumulation of selected metals in freshwater populations of Ulva taxa at 16 sites in Poland. The thalli examined contained very high concentrations of Ca and Mg, owing to well‐developed surface incrustations of carbonate. Among the heavy metals investigated, the most significant concentration in the thalli was Ni, whereas the lowest was Pb. The median concentrations of Ni and Cd in the freshwater Ulva thalli were significantly higher than those reported in the available literature for marine taxa of the same genus. Several statistically significant correlations were found when the concentrations of different metals in the thalli and the water were analysed (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Peripheral and central nervous contribution to gastrointestinal symptoms in diabetic patients with autonomic neuropathy
Authors: Brock C. , Graversen C. , Frøkjær J.B. , Søfteland E. , Valeriani M. , Drewes A.M. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBackground & AimsLong‐term diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with neuronal changes in the enteric, peripheral and/or central nervous system. Moreover, abnormal visceral sensation and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are seen in up to 75% of patients. To explore the role of diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) in patients with long‐standing DM, we investigated psychophysical responses and neuronal activity recorded as evoked brain potentials and dipolar source modelling.MethodsFifteen healthy volunteers and 14 type‐1 DM patients with DAN were assessed with a symptom score index characterizing upper GI abnormalities. Multichannel (62) electroencephalography was recorded during painful electrical stimulation of the lower oesophagus. Brain activity to painful stimulations was modelled using Brain Electrical Source Analysis (besa).ResultsDiabetic patients had higher stimulus intensities to evoke painful sensation (p ≤ 0.001), longer latencies of N2 and P2 components (both p ≤ 0.001), and lower amplitudes of P1‐N2 and N2‐P2 complexes (p ≤ 0.001; p = 0.02). Inverse modelling of brain sources showed deeper bilateral insular dipolar source localization (p = 0.002). Symptom score index was negatively correlated with the depth of insular activity (p = 0.004) and positively correlated with insular dipole strength (p = 0.03).ConclusionDM patients show peripheral and central neuroplastic changes. Moreover, the role of abnormal insular processing may explain the appearance and persistence of GI symptoms related to DAN. This enhanced understanding of DAN may have future clinical and therapeutical implications.
Magnesium incorporation into β‐TCP reduced itsin vivoresorption by decreasing parathormone production
Authors: Yassuda Debora H. , Costa Neusa F. M. , Fernandes Gustavo O. , Alves Gutemberg G. , Granjeiro José M. , Soares Glória de A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractBeta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), one of the most widely used bioresorbable materials for bone therapy, can be doped with magnesium ions, generating β‐TCMP. The objectives of this work were to evaluate, on a murine dental alveolus grafting model, the biocompatibility of β‐TCP and β‐TMCP granules by histomorphometric analysis, as well as the impact on plasmatic levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANK‐L), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin, osteopontin, and parathormone (PTH) during bone repair, using Luminex multiplexing technology. After grafting for 42 days, β‐TCP grafted group presented higher bioresorption and induced more newly formed bone than β‐TCMP (p< 0.05). β‐TCP grafting also induced higher plasmatic levels of RANK‐L, compared to β‐TCMP and control (blood clot) groups at 21st day (p< 0.05). PTH, which remained at low levels in control group, presented a time‐dependent increase in grafted groups, attaining significantly higher levels with β‐TCP by the 42nd day (p< 0.05). RANK‐L/OPG ratio increased on β‐TCP group and attained a peak on the 21st day. In conclusion, β‐TCP granules were more bioresorbable and osteogenic than β‐TCMP granules, and the resorption of both materials might have been affected by osteoclastogenesis modulated by changes in the plasmatic levels of PTH and RANK‐L. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A, 2013.
Down‐regulation of miR‐21 biogenesis by estrogen action contributes to osteoclastic apoptosis
Authors: Sugatani Toshifumi , Hruska Keith A. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractEstrogen inhibits osteoclastogenesis and induces osteoclastic apoptosis; however, the molecular mechanisms remain controversial. Recently, a group has demonstrated that osteoclasts are a direct target for estrogen because estrogen stimulates transcription of the Fas Ligand (FasL) gene in osteoclasts, which in turn causes cell death through an autocrine mechanism. In contrast, other groups have shown that the cells are an indirect target for estrogen because estrogen fails to stimulate the transcription of that in osteoclasts. Thus, two quite different molecular mechanisms have been suggested to explain the effects of estrogen in osteoclastic apoptosis. Here we show that the proapoptotic effect of estrogen during osteoclastogenesis is regulated by a posttranscriptional increase in FasL production by down‐regulated microRNA‐21 (miR‐21) biogenesis. Previously, we reported that miR‐21 is highly expressed in osteoclastogenesis. We found that estrogen down‐regulates miR‐21 biogenesis so that FasL, the targets of miR‐21, protein levels are posttranscriptionally increased that induce osteoclastic apoptosis. Moreover, the gain‐of‐function of miR‐21 rescued the apoptosis. In addition, we failed to detect estrogen‐enhanced FasL levels at mRNA levels. Thus, osteoclastic survival is controlled by autocrine actions of FasL regulated by estrogen and miR‐21 plays a central role during estrogen‐controlled osteoclastogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1217–1222, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of gender on carotid artery compliance and distensibility in children and adults
Authors: Marlatt Kara L. , Kelly Aaron S. , Steinberger Julia , Dengel Donald R. 
Published: December 2012

PurposeGiven the role of arterial wall elasticity in the development of cardiovascular disease, carotid artery compliance and distensibility have been used commonly over the last decade as predictors of cardiovascular risk, although their gender differences remain unknown. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the impact of gender on carotid arterial elasticity in a large sample of children and adults.MethodsCarotid artery compliance and distensibility were measured with ultrasonography in 294 children (157 boys, 137 girls; ages 6–18 years) and 604 adults (291 men, 311 women; ages 18–49 years) previously recruited for a study investigating cardiovascular risk factors. An independent sample t test was used to compare demographic and carotid artery elasticity values by age and gender.ResultsNo significant gender difference in carotid arterial compliance and distensibility was observed in children. Women had significantly greater cross‐sectional compliance than men (0.004 ± 0.000 versus 0.003 ± 0.000 1/mmHg, p = 0.041).ConclusionsWe found significant gender difference in carotid compliance in adults, but not in children, suggesting that gender differences in arterial stiffness are not present early in life but emerge later in adulthood. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:340–346, 2013
Volumetric MRI‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound for noninvasive, in vivo determination of tissue thermal conductivity: Initial experience in a pig model
Authors: Zhang Jiming , Mougenot Charles , Partanen Ari , Muthupillai Raja , Hor Pei‐Herng 
Published: December 2012

AbstractPurpose:To estimate the local thermal conductivity of porcine thigh muscle at temperatures required for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided high‐intensity focused ultrasound (MRgHIFU) surgery (60–90°C).Materials and Methods:Using MRgHIFU, we performed 40 volumetric ablations in the thigh muscles of four pigs. Thirty‐five of the sonications were successful. We used MRI to monitor the resulting temperature increase. We then determined local thermal conductivity by analyzing the spatiotemporal spread of temperature during the cooling period.Results:The thermal conductivity of MRgHIFU‐treated porcine thigh muscle fell within a narrow range (0.52 ± 0.05 W/[m*K]), which is within the range reported for porcine thigh muscle at temperatures of <40°C (0.52 to 0.62 W/[m*K]). Thus, there was little change in the thermal conductivity of porcine thigh muscle at temperatures required for MRgHIFU surgery compared to lower temperatures.Conclusion:Our MRgHIFU‐based approach allowed us to estimate, with good reproducibility, the local thermal conductivity of in vivo deep tissue in real time at temperatures of 60°C to 90°C. Therefore, our method provides a valuable tool for quantifying the influence of thermal conductivity on temperature distribution in tissues and for optimizing thermal dose delivery during thermal ablation with clinical MRgHIFU. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2013;37:950–957. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lateral wedges alter mediolateral load distributions at the knee joint in obese individuals
Authors: Russell Elizabeth M. , Miller Ross H. , Umberger Brian R. , Hamill Joseph 
Published: December 2012

AbstractObesity is the primary risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA). Greater external knee adduction moments, surrogate measures for medial compartment loading, are present in Obese individuals and may predispose them to knee OA. Laterally wedged insoles decrease the magnitude of the external adduction moment in Obese individuals but it is unknown how they alter the center of pressure on the tibial plateau. A gait analysis was performed on 14 Obese (avg. 29.3 years; BMI range: 30.3–51.6 kg/m2) and 14 lean women (avg. 26.1 years; BMI range: 20.9–24.6 kg/m2) with and without a full‐length, wedged insole. Computed joint angles, joint moments, and knee extensor strength values were input into a musculoskeletal model to estimate center of pressure of the contact force on the tibial plateau. Statistical significance was assessed using a two‐way ANOVA to compare the main effects of group and insole condition (α = 0.05). The insole resulted in a significant (p < 0.01) lateral shift in the center of pressure location in both the Obese and Control groups (mean: 2.9 ± 0.7 and 1.5 ± 0.7 mm, respectively). The insole also significantly reduced the peak external knee adduction moment 1.88 ± 1.82 N m in the Control group (p < 0.01) and 3.62 ± 3.90 N m in the Obese group (p < 0.01). The results of this study indicate the effects of a prophylactic wedged insole for reducing the magnitude of the load on the knee's medial compartment in Obese women who are at risk for knee OA development. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 665–671, 2013
High‐Performance Photorefractive Composite Based on Non‐conjugated Main‐Chain, Hole‐Transporting Polymer
Authors: Moon In Kyu , Choi Jongwan , Kim Nakjoong 
Published: December 2012

AbstractThe photorefractivity of a non‐conjugated main‐chain polymeric composite, composed of electron‐rich N,N‐di‐toly‐N,N′‐diphenylbiphenyldiamine doped with 2‐{3‐[(E)‐2‐(piperidino)‐1‐ethenyl]‐5,5‐dimethyl‐2‐cyclohexenylidene}‐malononitrile (P‐IP‐DC) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), is studied using two‐beam coupling and degenerate four‐wave mixing at 633 nm. The N,N′‐di‐toly‐N,N′‐diphenylbiphenyldiamine‐based composite shows a gain coefficient of 215 cm−1 at 80 V μm−1 with s‐polarized beams and a diffraction efficiency of 67% at 30 V μm−1, with a response time of the diffraction efficiency of 344 ms at Tg + 4.6 °C. Comparing the photorefractive grating response time of the 3,3′‐dicarbazole‐containing polymer composite with that of the N,N′‐di‐toly‐N,N′‐diphenylbiphenyldiamine‐based composite shows that the former is more than three times faster.
Mechanisms of Stability of Fibers Electrospun from Peptides with Ionized Side Chains
Authors: Haynie Donald T. , Khadka Dhan B. , Cross Michael C. , Gitnik Alina , Le Nicole K. 
Published: December 2012

AbstractNon‐woven electrospun fiber mats made of polypeptides are increasingly considered attractive for basic research and technology development in the life sciences, medicine, and other areas. Here, co‐poly(L‐glutamic acid4, L‐tyrosine1) (PLEY) was adopted as a model polymer for a study of the mechanisms of fiber stability. Crosslink density has been quantified by a dye‐based method. Fiber morphology, elemental composition, and stability have been assessed by microscopy and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results have been interpreted with reference to the pH dependence of the UV absorbance and fluorescence of PLEY chains. The study has revealed that fiber stability in an aqueous medium is crucially dependent on the extent of side chain ionization, even after polymer crosslinking. magnified image Covalent crosslinks (orange) may be formed between polymers (blue).