bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baking Characteristics of Chiffon Cake as Influenced by Microbial Transglutaminase
Authors: Wang Feng , Huang Weining , Rayas‐Duarte Patricia , Wang Hongzi , Zou Qibo 
Published: April 2013

ABSTRACTProtein modification via covalent bonds by using microbial transglutaminase (TGase) has generated many processing functionality improvements in specific food ingredients. In this study, TGase was added into different cake portions (foam and yolk batter) at levels of 0, 0.5, and 1.0% (w/w, total protein weight basis). The treatment of 0.5% TGase in the yolk batter portion significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased its emulsion activity. The addition of 1.0% TGase in the yolk batter portion significantly increased both foam stability and emulsion activity of cake batter, whereas the addition in the foam portion only increased the emulsion activity of cake batter significantly (P ≤ 0.05). As the addition of TGase, in foam or in the yolk batter portion, rose from 0 to 1.0%, the specific volume of chiffon cake increased. Cakes with 1.0% TGase in the foam portion had the maximum specific volume, 7.078 mL/g, and the softest texture. SDS‐PAGE was used to analyze the modifications of TGase to the protein fractions from different cake portions. The effect of TGase on protein fractions from the yolk batter portion was more evident than that on protein fractions from the foam portion. However, there was no significant difference between the protein fractions of cake batters with the same level of TGase in the foam and yolk portions, which suggested that the main substrates of TGase were yolk protein and wheat protein, instead of egg white protein.
First Report of Cane and Leaf Rust on Rubus fruticosus Caused by Kuehneola uredinis in Korea
Authors: Cheon W. , Kim Y. S. , Lee S. G. , Jeon Y. H. 
Published: April 2013

In September 2011, we observed a rust disease affecting about 90% of the leaves of several Rubus fruticosus L. plants at Andong (36°32′12.4″ N, 128°47′20.1″ E), Korea. Pustule formation occurred on cane surfaces and on the undersurfaces of leaves, with yellowing, reddening, and necrosis on the corresponding upper leaf surface. Leaf distortion and senescence also occurred. For light and scanning electron microscopy, uredinia were detached from leaf lesions using a razor blade and then mounted in water without staining. Leaves with lesions were prepared by gold sputtering and then observed by SEM (Hitachi S-2500C microscope, Japan). We observed the development of uredinial colonies with abundant sporulation. The echinulate urediniospores, which were 16.3 to 19.8 × 17.5 to 25.3 μm, were yellowish or occasionally pale brown, with a globose or subglobose shape (2). Telia were a floccose and pale yellowish-buff or almost white. Teliospores were four- to seven-celled. Cells were trapezoid-cylindric, 15 to 40 × 14 to 24 μm, with hyaline walls. Cell wall surface was smooth but often bearing coronate projections or bumps at the top (in apical cells) or upper rim (in intercalary cells). Cell wall thickness was about 0.5 μm at the sides and 2 to 4 μm at the apex; apical pores occurred on short cell-wall projections. Teliospore pedicels were short (0.17 to 1.34 × 0.78 to 1.45 μm), hyaline, and fragile (3). The pathogen was identified as Kuehneola uredinis L. on the basis of morphology (3), and this identification was confirmed by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) analysis. ITS rDNA of the fungus was amplified using the ITS1 and ITS4 primer set (ITS1: 5′-TCCGTAGGTGAACCTGCGG-3′, ITS4: 5′-TCCTCCGCTTATTGATATGC-3′). BLAST analysis of the PCR product showed that the sequence shared 99% identity with the published nucleotide sequences for K. uredinis (Accession No. EU14069). The D1/D2 domain of 28S rDNA was amplified by PCR using the primer pair 5′-ACCCGCTGAAYTTAAGCATAT-3′ and 5′-CTTCCTTGGTCCGTGTTTCAAGACGG-3′ (1). Phylogenetic analysis using 28S rDNA sequences identified the causal fungus as K. uredinis. The identity of the fungus was confirmed as K. uredinis by DNA sequencing; the sequence was 99% similar to that of other K. uredinis (AF426218, AY745696, DQ354551, and GU058013). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an outbreak of cane and leaf rust on Rubus fruticosus Linné caused by K. uredinis in Korea. References: (1) V. der Auwera et al. FEBS Microbiol. Lett. 338:133, 1994. (2) D. E. Gardner. Plant Dis. 67:963, 1983. (3) G. F. Laundon and A. F. Rainbow. CMI Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria 202:1, 1969.
First Report of a Natural Occurrence of Tomato yellow fruit ring virus on Pepper in Iran
Authors: Golnaraghi A. R. , Hamedi A. , Yazdani-Khameneh S. , Khosroshahi T. S. 
Published: April 2013

Tospoviruses are considered one of the most devastating viruses in different crops and ornamentals worldwide. There have been increasing records of the natural occurrence of Tomato yellow fruit ring virus (TYFRV) in Iran (e.g., 1,2,3), a recently proposed species in the genus Tospovirus (4). During the growing seasons 2010 to 2011, surveys were conducted in pepper fields (Capsicum annum) in Tehran province, one of the main vegetable producing areas of Iran, to detect the presence of tospovirus species infecting this crop, including Groundnut ringspot virus (GRSV), Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV), Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV), Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV), Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), TYFRV, and Watermelon silver mottle virus (WSMoV). Overall, 14 fields were surveyed and 119 pepper leaf samples from plants showing tospovirus-like symptoms of yellow mosaic, chlorosis, and necrosis were collected. Each leaf sample was tested by double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA using specific antisera (Bioreba, Reinach, Switzerland; Loewe, Sauerlach, Germany; DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany) for the presence of the aforementioned tospoviruses. Based on the results, TYFRV were found in 21 samples (17.6%) collected from five fields surveyed. None of the samples had a positive reaction in ELISA to GRSV, INSV, IYSV, TCSV, TSWV, and WSMoV. To confirm testing, six leaf samples that were found positive for TYFRV in ELISA tests were mechanically inoculated on Petunia × hybrid and Nicotiana rustica; for all the samples studied, the inoculated plants showed typical necrotic local lesions of tospoviruses, and chlorotic or necrotic spots followed by systemic infection, respectively; their infection was subsequently confirmed by ELISA. Four out of the six samples also were tested by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR technique using previously described specific primers (2). The PCR reaction, in agreement with ELISA tests, resulted in the specifically amplification of a ~1.2-kb fragment of TYFRV RNAs. Using the PCR amplification primers mentioned above, the nucleotide sequences of nucleoprotein (N) genes of two isolates, namely TY-PepT43 and TY-PepT74, were determined (GenBank Accession Nos. KC354692 and KC354693, respectively); BLAST search results confirmed the presence of TYFRV and showed high nucleotide identities (99.0%) to TY-PF36 isolate of the virus. The virus has been previously reported on potato, tomato, ornamental plants, and some weed species in Tehran Province (1,3,4). This coupled with the presence of TYFRV vector, i.e., Thrips tabaci, in the same region (1), may have resulted in the occurrence of the virus on pepper plants. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the natural occurrence of TYFRV from pepper plants in Iran. References: (1) T. Ghotbi et al. Plant Dis. 89:425, 2005. (2) A. R. Golnaraghi et al. Plant Dis. 92:1280, 2008. (3) R. Pourrahim et al. Plant Dis. 91:609, 2007. (4) S. Winter et al. Plant Pathol. 55:287, 2006.
Developmental programming: Variations in early growth and adult disease
Authors: Gallo Linda A , Tran Melanie , Moritz Karen M , Wlodek Mary E 
Published: April 2013

Summary

Suboptimal conditions in utero are associated with the development of adult‐onset diseases in offspring. Uteroplacental insufficiency in rats is a well‐established animal model used to mimic and study the effects of developmental insults relevant to countries of abundant nutrient supply. However, wide‐ranging outcomes for the offspring are apparent between the different investigators that use this model and also between cohorts generated in our laboratory.

We aimed to explore the reasons for variability in rat models of uteroplacental insufficiency between different investigators and also between our own animal cohorts. We suggest differences in growth and disease development reflect uniqueness in susceptibility and highlight the complexity of interactions between genetic potential and environmental exposures.

The impact of adverse exposures in utero has been described as having far‐reaching effects that extend well beyond the first, directly exposed generation. However, the resulting phenotypes are not consistent between generations. This suggests that programmed effects are established de novo in each generation and challenges the prediction of disease.

Characterization of growth and disease in the numerous rat models has led to our understanding of the impact of early life experiences on adult health. In order to drive the development of preventative and/or treatment strategies, future studies should focus on identifying the initial cause(s) of uteroplacental insufficiency, including genetic origins and the influence of poor diets.
Outcome following selective fetal reduction in monochorionic and dichorionic twin pregnancies discordant for structural, chromosomal and genetic disorders
Authors: Nobili Elena , Paramasivam Gowrishankar , Kumar Sailesh 
Published: April 2013

BackgroundTo investigate the indications for offering selective fetal reduction in monochorionic (MC) and dichorionic (DC) twins and to correlate obstetric outcome with the antenatal procedure.MethodsAll cases of MC and DC twins discordant for structural anomalies and for chromosomal/genetic abnormalities were included. Selective reductions performed for twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome or growth restriction were excluded. For DC twins, feticide was achieved using intracardiac injection of potassium chloride (KCl). For MC twins, bipolar cord occlusion (BCO), interstitial laser or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) was used.ResultsThere were 121 twin pregnancies discordant for structural and chromosomal abnormalities. Only 88 (56 were MC twins and 32 were DC twins) had selective reduction. For both MC and DC twins, the leading indication for selective reduction was structural anomalies with CNS malformations the most common. For all MC fetal reduction techniques, the overall pregnancy loss rate (<24 weeks) was 8.9% with RFA having the lowest procedure loss rate (7.7%). The preterm delivery rate was lowest with reduction in DC pregnancies. The live birth rates for MC twins were >87% and 100% for DC twins.ConclusionsSelective reduction in MC pregnancies carries an increased procedure‐related and preterm delivery rate compared with DC pregnancies. The main indication for selective reduction was structural malformations, with a predominance of CNS anomalies.
Expression of Inflammation in Myocardial Tissue of Rabbits: Comparison of Two Miniaturized Heart‐Lung Machines
Authors: Schnoering Heike , Arens Jutta , Detering Sabine M. , Sachweh Joerg S. , Goetzenich Andreas , Schmitz‐Rode Thomas , Steinseifer Ulrich , Vazquez‐Jimenez Jaime F. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractThe majority of cases involving the surgical treatment of congenital heart disease require implementation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, neonates and infants are particularly prone to serious complications associated with CPB as a result of capillary leak due to cardiovascular failure. These complications are related to the transfusion of foreign blood, the disproportionately large area of contact between the patient's blood and foreign material, as well as the systemic inflammatory response induced by hemolysis. To attenuate these risks, we developed a novel, highly integrative, miniaturized heart‐lung machine (MiniHLM) with a static priming volume of only 102 mL. This prototype was tested in comparison with a conventional heart‐lung machine (static priming volume 213 mL) using a rabbit animal model. The animals were anesthetized, sternotomized, and connected to CBP via the aorta and right atrium. The aorta was cross‐clamped for 1 h. Blood samples for examination were taken at regular intervals. Biopsies of the right atrial appendage (RAA) were removed directly after initiation and after cessation of CPB. After gradual reduction of perfusion with the HLM, all rabbits were successfully weaned from CPB, and the sternum was closed. Foreign blood was not administered in all cases. After cryopreservation of the RAA tissue, de novo transcription of inflammatory cytokines was measured by means of real‐time polymerase chain reaction using the comparative CT method. No significant differences in the expression of the inflammatory parameters of the myocardial tissue samples were found between the study groups.
Changes in the concentrations of fumonisin, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in corn silage during ensilage
Authors: Uegaki Ryuichi , Tsukiboshi Takao , Tohno Masanori 
Published: April 2013

AbstractWe assessed the production of the mycotoxins fumonisin, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone during the ensiling of corn. Corn was harvested at yellow‐ripe or full‐ripe stage and separated into the stem and leaf parts and the ear parts, including bracts. Each material was ensiled under five conditions: (1) no fungus added, anaerobic conditions; (2) no fungus added, aerobic conditions; (3) mycotoxin‐producing fungus added, anaerobic conditions; (4) mycotoxin‐producing fungus added, aerobic conditions; and (5) mycotoxin‐producing fungus added to autoclaved material, aerobic conditions. After 40 days of ensilage, we analyzed the silage fermentative quality and mycotoxin concentration. The fermentative quality of all materials was good in treatments (1) and (3), because the pH < 4 increased the lactic acid content preventing mycotoxin levels from increasing. In treatments (2) and (4), fermentative quality of all materials was poor, and mycotoxin levels were slightly increased. In treatment (5), fermentative quality was poor, and mycotoxin levels were increased remarkably. These results indicate that mycotoxins are not produced under anaerobic conditions and are hardly produced under aerobic condition during the ensiling of corn. Our findings suggest that almost all mycotoxins in corn silage are produced pre‐harvest.
Is diameter‐axial‐polar scoring predictive of renal functional damage in patients undergoing partial nephrectomy? An evaluation using technetium Tc 99m (99Tcm) diethylene‐triamine‐penta‐acetic acid (DTPA) glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Wang Linhui , Li Mingmin , Chen Wei , Wu Zhenjie , Cai Chen , Xiang Chun , Sheng Jing , Liu Bing , Yang Qing , Sun Yinghao 
Published: April 2013

Objective
To identify the effects of diameter‐axial‐polar (DAP) scoring and other clinical variables on renal functional outcomes after partial nephrectomy (PN).
Material and Methods
A total of 59 patients with complete radiographic, clinical and follow‐up information were included for analysis.
Technetium Tc 99m (99Tcm)‐diethylene‐triamine‐penta‐acetic acid (DTPA) renal scintigraphy was used to determine the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of both kidneys and each kidney individually.
All cross‐sectional images were reviewed by a single radiologist and a DAP score was assigned.
Results
The median decline in total GFR after PN was 13% at a median follow‐up of 12 months (from 86.8 to 76.2 mL/min per 1.73 m2, P < 0.001).
The median GFR of the operated kidney showed a significant decrease peri‐operatively (42.4 to 27.1 mL/min per 1.73 m2, P < 0.001). The function of the contralateral kidney showed a significant increase (43.5 to 48.8 mL/min per 1.73 m2, P < 0.001).
On multivariate analysis, preoperative total GFR, ischaemia time and DAP sum score were independent predictors of absolute functional decline of the affected kidney (all P < 0.001), while only preoperative total GFR and DAP sum score were significantly associated with the total absolute GFR reduction (all P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Preoperative renal function status and DAP score of renal tumours are the primary determinants of long‐term functional outcomes after PN, but renal ischaemia damage to the operated kidney after PN is possibly masked by functional compensation of the contralateral healthy kidney if only overall renal function is assessed.
Impact of lymphovascular invasion on oncological outcomes in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma after radical nephroureterectomy
Authors: Hurel Sophie , Rouprêt Morgan , Ouzzane Adil , Rozet François , Xylinas Evanguelos , Zerbib Marc , Berod Alexis Arvin , Ruffion Alain , Adam Emilie , Cussenot Olivier , Houlgatte Alain , Phé Véronique , Nouhaud François‐Xavier , Bensadoun Henri , Delage Francky , Guillotreau Julien , Guy Laurent , Karsenty Gilles , De La Taille Alexandre , Colin Pierre ,   French Collaborative National Database on UTUC
Published: April 2013

Objectives
To assess the impact of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) on upper urinary tract urothelial carcinomas (UTUCs) in a multicentre study on cancer‐specific survival (CSS), recurrence‐free survival and metastasis‐free survival (MFS).
To show the negative impact of LVI for patients with pN0/x disease and to stratify these patients into risk groups for metastatic relapse.
Patients and Methods
A multicentre retrospective study was performed on patients who underwent radical nephroureterectomy between 1995 and 2010.
LVI status was evaluated as a prognostic factor for survival using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis.
Results
Overall, 551 patients were included and were divided into two groups: those without LVI (LVI−), n = 388 and those with LVI (LVI+), n = 163.
LVI+ status was associated with high stage and grade UTUC and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.001). The 5‐year CSS and MFS rates were significantly worse in the LVI+ group than in LVI− group (52.2 vs 84.5%, P < 0.001 and 43.8 vs 82.7%, P < 0.001, respectively).
In multivariate analysis, LVI+ status was an independent prognostic factor for CSS and MFS (P = 0.04 and P < 0.001). These findings were confirmed for the pN0/x patient subgroup (n = 504, P < 0.001).
In the pN0/x patient subgroup, we described a prognostic tool for MFS based on independent factors that permitted us to stratify patients into groups of high, intermediate or low risk of metastasis relapse.
Conclusions
The presence of LVI was a strong predictor of a poor outcome for UTUC.
When a lymphadenectomy has not been achieved, the report of LVI status is crucial to identfiy those patients at higher risk for metastatic relapse.
Synthesis, Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Prolyl‐Fluoropyrrolidine Derivatives as Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors
Authors: Sharma Mani , Gupta Monica , Singh Divya , Kumar Manoj , Kaur Punit 
Published: April 2013

A series of prolyl‐fluoropyrrolidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and screened for in vitro inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV. The SAR study revealed the influence of substituted chemical modifications on dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory activity. Among all the compounds screened, compound 9 (IC50 = 0.83 μm) and 10 (IC50 = 0.43 μm) possessing aryl substituted piperazine with acetamide linker resulted as most potent dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors. Both the compounds 9 and 10 resulted significant reduction in glucose excursion during oral glucose tolerance test in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rat model at single dose of 10 mg/kg. Molecular docking studies were performed to illustrate the probable binding mode and interactions of prolyl‐fluoropyrrolidine nucleus and its derivatives at binding site of receptor. The fluoropyrrolidine moiety of prolyl‐fluoropyrrolidine derivatives occupied S1 pocket as observed in the crystal structure (PDB id: 2FJP). The compounds 9 and 10 were observed to occupy S2 binding pocket and were observed to have interaction with Arg125, Tyr547 and Ser630 acquired through hydrogen bond. The aryl moiety at piperazine ring was found to extend into the cavity and interacted with Arg358. The observed interactions signalled that occupancy of the highly hydrophobic S2 pocket is very crucial for dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory activity.
Measuring Beliefs in Centimeters: Private Knowledge Biases Preschoolers' and Adults' Representation of Others' Beliefs
Authors: Sommerville Jessica A. , Bernstein Daniel M. , Meltzoff Andrew N. 
Published: April 2013

A novel task, using a continuous spatial layout, was created to investigate the degree to which (in centimeters) 3‐year‐old children's (N = 63), 5‐year‐old children's (N = 60), and adults' (N = 60) own privileged knowledge of the location of an object biased their representation of a protagonist's false belief about the object's location. At all ages, participants' knowledge of the object's actual location biased their search estimates, independent of the attentional or memory demands of the task. Children's degree of bias correlated with their performance on a classic change‐of‐location false belief task, controlling for age. This task is a novel tool for providing a quantitative measurement of the degree to which self‐knowledge can bias estimates of others' beliefs.
InK‐Compact: In‐Kernel Stream Compaction and Its Application to Multi‐Kernel Data Visualization on General‐Purpose GPUs
Authors: Hughes D. M. , Lim I. S. , Jones M. W. , Knoll A. , Spencer B. 
Published: April 2013

AbstractStream compaction is an important parallel computing primitive that produces a reduced (compacted) output stream consisting of only valid elements from an input stream containing both invalid and valid elements. Computing on this compacted stream rather than the mixed input stream leads to improvements in performance, load balancing and memory footprint. Stream compaction has numerous applications in a wide range of domains: e.g. deferred shading, isosurface extraction and surface voxelization in computer graphics and visualization. We present a novel In‐Kernel stream compaction method, where compaction is completed before leaving an operating kernel. This contrasts with conventional parallel compaction methods that require leaving the kernel and running a prefix sum kernel followed by a scatter kernel. We apply our compaction methods to ray‐tracing‐based visualization of volumetric data. We demonstrate that the proposed In‐Kernel compaction outperforms the standard out‐of‐kernel Thrust parallel‐scan method for performing stream compaction in this real‐world application. For the data visualization, we also propose a novel multi‐kernel ray‐tracing pipeline for increased thread coherency and show that it outperforms a conventional single‐kernel approach.