bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Du « soin »
Authors: Worms Frédéric , Bougnoux Daniel 
Published: March 2013

Comment le temps technique rencontre-t-il le temps médical, et notamment cette somme obscure d’actes et d’attitudes que résume la notion de « soin » ? Et comment cette notion, à son tour, sous le terme anglais de care , a-t-elle débordé ce contexte pour instituer un « paradigme » majeur des sciences sociales ? Philosophe du soin, Frédéric Worms précise ici quelques enjeux et difficultés de cette approche transdisciplinaire.
L'écoumène à l'ère numérique
Authors: Tissier Jean-Louis 
Published: March 2013

Notre manière d’habiter le monde, notre écoumène, et de le connaître par la géographie a-t-elle été radicalement bouleversée par les NTIC ? Les cataractes de pixels nous masquent-elles les paysages ? L’ubiquité du GPS nous prive-t-elle du sens du chemin ? Réponse d’un maître géographe.
Une locomotive dans la forêt vierge
Authors: Frémond Émilie 
Published: March 2013

Qu’aurait répondu Breton à la question de savoir ce que l’ordinateur ou les « nouvelles technologies » faisaient à l’activité surréaliste ? En se réclamant du temps long des fossiles glanés en Gaspésie, ou des galets du Lot, l’invention de l’ancien à l’ère du surréalisme en appelle à l’inépuisable et immaîtrisable nature, façon de situer sa « révolution » très au-delà de nos ruptures, techniques ou politiques.
Quantum Drinfeld Hecke Algebras
Authors: Levandovskyy Viktor , Shepler Anne V. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWe consider finite groups acting on quantum (or skew) polynomial rings. Deformations of the semidirect product of the quantum polynomial ring with the acting group extend symplectic reflection algebras and graded Hecke algebras to the quantum setting over a field of arbitrary characteristic. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for such algebras to satisfy a Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt property using the theory of noncommutative Gröbner bases. We include applications to the case of abelian groups and the case of groups acting on coordinate rings of quantum planes. In addition, we classify graded automorphisms of the coordinate ring of quantum 3-space. In characteristic zero, Hochschild cohomology gives an elegant description of the Poincaré–Birkhoff–Witt conditions.
Engagement in Activities and Occupations by People Who Have Experienced Psychosis: A Metasynthesis of Lived Experience
Authors: Hitch Danielle , Pepin Genevieve , Stagnitti Karen 
Published: March 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to answer the question ‘How do people who have experienced psychosis describe their engagement in activities of daily living and occupations?’ Procedures: A qualitative metasynthesis was undertaken on nine studies (encompassing 73 participants) published in occupational therapy literature. Only studies that had used individual qualitative interviews were included to highlight lived experience on a personal level. The quality of the evidence was assessed across all studies and found to be generally high. Findings: Four overarching themes across the nine studies were identified: my emotions and identity; my own health and wellbeing; my relationships with family, friends and community; and my activities and occupations. The overarching themes are not intended to be considered categorically, as they all influence and interact with each other. Conclusion and relevance: There is considerable synchronicity between the experiences of people who have experienced psychosis and the values of the profession. A client's meaningful engagement in activities and occupation is evidence towards how therapists provide authentic, respectful and effective support to these clients, in a manner that meets their needs as individuals.
The Personal Meaning of Music Making to Maltese Band Musicians
Authors: Roberts Anne E K , Farrugia Maria Daniela 
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Occupations are known to be imbued with personal, social and cultural meaning. Although there is a growing body of research on the meaning of specific occupations, little attention has been given to the personal meaning of music making as an occupation. This study aimed to explore the personal meaning of engagement in an occupation embedded in a culture by studying music making in Maltese band musicians. Determining the subjective meaning of engagement in an occupation helps to explain why people do what they do and what benefit is derived. Method: A qualitative study guided by the principles of grounded theory was conducted with 12 band musicians, using a semi-structured interview. Data were recorded, transcribed and analysed using the principles of grounded theory. Findings: Three main categories of meaning emerged: the personal meaning of playing in a band, including spiritual and emotional significance; social and cultural connectedness; and the effect of music making on self-identity and personal health. Conclusion: It was evident that there was an important and dynamic connection between the occupation of music making, the individual musician and the social and cultural environment. This interconnection created a feeling of wellbeing and belonging and emphasised the therapeutic value of music making in a band.
Integration and Regression of Implanted Engineered Human Vascular Networks During Deep Wound Healing
Authors: Hanjaya-Putra Donny , Shen Yu-I , Wilson Abigail , Fox-Talbot Karen , Khetan Sudhir , Burdick Jason A. , Steenbergen Charles , Gerecht Sharon 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe ability of vascularized constructs to integrate with tissues may depend on the kinetics and stability of vascular structure development. This study assessed the functionality and durability of engineered human vasculatures from endothelial progenitors when implanted in a mouse deep burn-wound model. Human vascular networks, derived from endothelial colony-forming cells in hyaluronic acid hydrogels, were transplanted into third-degree burns. On day 3 following transplantation, macrophages rapidly degraded the hydrogel during a period of inflammation; through the transitions from inflammation to proliferation (days 5–7), the host's vasculatures infiltrated the construct, connecting with the human vessels within the wound area. The growth of mouse vessels near the wound area supported further integration with the implanted human vasculatures. During this period, the majority of the vessels (∼60%) in the treated wound area were human. Although no increase in the density of human vessels was detected during the proliferative phase, they temporarily increased in size. This growth peaked at day 7, the middle of the proliferation stage, and then decreased by the end of the proliferation stage. As the wound reached the remodeling period during the second week after transplantation, the vasculatures including the transplanted human vessels generally regressed, and few microvessels, wrapped by mouse smooth muscle cells and with a vessel area less than 200 μm2 (including the human ones), remained in the healed wound. Overall, this study offers useful insights for the development of vascularization strategies for wound healing and ischemic conditions, for tissue-engineered constructs, and for tissue regeneration.
Ethnocentrism
Authors: Keith Kenneth D. 
Published: March 2013

AbstractEthnocentrism is the tendency of individuals to elevate their own culture as the standard against which they judge others, and to see their own as superior to others. In the nineteenth century Charles noted that tribes were more sympathetic to their own groups, first used the term ethnocentrism. Ethnocentrism involves perceptions of cross‐cultural difference, can underlie cultural conflict and negative stereotypes, and is probably universal among humans. Sumner, in his early work, noted numerous cultural groups (e.g., Caribs, Greenlanders, Jews, Kiowa, Lapps, Seri) that had words identifying their own groups as uniquely “people,” “chosen,” “men,” or in other ways superior.
The Relationship Between Cultural Individualism–Collectivism and Student Aggression Across 62 Countries
Authors: Bergmüller Silvia 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between countries' dominant cultural values (i.e., individualism and collectivism) and (a) school principals' perceptions of aggressive student behavior and (b) students' self‐reports of being aggressively victimized in school. Data on student aggression and victimization were collected across 62 countries in nationally representative samples of fourth and eighth graders (N = 428,566) and their principals (N = 15,043) by the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2007. Students were asked about three forms of aggressive victimization: physical, verbal, and relational; principals about two forms of aggressive student behavior: physical and verbal. Country‐level regression analyses revealed that the level of cultural individualism, according to the individualism index (IDV) by Hofstede, Hofstede, and Minkov (2010), wasnotsignificantly related to either form of student‐reported victimization. However, school principals reported aggressive student behavior more often the more individualist, and hence less collectivist, their country's culture. This relation was evident in the principals' reports on 4th and 8th grade students' aggressive behavior for both physical and verbal aggression. Multilevel analyses revealed that cultural individualism was still a powerful predictor of principal‐reported aggressive student behavior after controlling for school and country characteristics. The discussion outlines reasons why principals' reports of aggressive student behavior are probably more valid indicators of student aggression than student self‐reports of victimization, thereby supporting the hypothesis of culture‐dependency of aggression. Aggr. Behav. 39 :182‐200, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of Environmental and Genetic Factors and Gene–Environment Interactions With Risk of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Karlson Elizabeth W. , Ding Bo , Keenan Brendan T. , Liao Katherine , Costenbader Karen H. , Klareskog Lars , Alfredsson Lars , Chibnik Lori B. 
Published: March 2013

ObjectiveWe developed rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk models based on validated environmental factors (E), genetic risk scores (GRS), and gene–environment interactions (GEI) to identify factors that can improve accuracy and reclassification.MethodsModels including E, GRS, and GEI were developed among 317 white seropositive RA cases and 551 controls from the Nurses' Health Studies (NHS) and validated in 987 white anti–citrullinated protein antibody–positive cases and 958 controls from the Swedish Epidemiologic Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA), stratified by sex. Primary analyses included age, smoking, alcohol, parity, weighted GRS using 31 non‐HLA alleles and 8 HLA–DRB1 alleles, and the HLA × smoking interaction. Expanded models included reproductive, geographic, and occupational factors and additional GEI terms. Hierarchical models were compared for discriminative accuracy using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and reclassification using the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and the continuous net reclassification improvement.ResultsThe mean age at RA diagnosis was 56 years in the NHS and 51 years in the EIRA. Primary models produced AUCs of 0.716 in the NHS, 0.716 in women in the EIRA, and 0.756 in men in the EIRA. Expanded models produced improvements in discrimination with AUCs of 0.738 in the NHS, 0.724 in women in the EIRA, and 0.769 in men in the EIRA. Models including genetic factors (G) or G + GEI improved reclassification over E models; the full E + G + GEI model provided the optimal predictive ability by IDI analyses.ConclusionWe have developed comprehensive RA risk models incorporating E, G, and GEI that have improved the discriminative accuracy for RA. Further work developing and assessing highly specific prediction models in prospective cohorts is still needed to inform primary RA prevention trials.
Algorithmic Tectonics: How Cold War Era Research Shaped Our Imagination of Design
Authors: Llach Daniel Cardoso 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBetween 1959 and 1967, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) hosted the pioneering Computer‐Aided Design Project, funded by the US Air Force. Engineers, researchers and students were brought together to re‐imagine ‘design in the language of the machine’, and one of the most renowned students on this programme was Ivan Sutherland, the inventor and programmer of Sketchpad ‐ the first interactive graphics system. Here, Daniel Cardoso Llach, an architect and researcher based at MIT, traces the influence of this Cold War project on the culture of building design and production today.
Networked Space
Authors: Shelden Dennis 
Published: March 2013

AbstractDennis Shelden, Chief Technology Officer at Gehry Technologies, asserts ‘a networked spatial approach to design informatics’ that brings together a spatial understanding with a current knowledge of geometry, the digital and modern communications. This emphasises the connections between not only forms and objects in space, but also among disciplines in a collaborative practice context and of the Web itself. It is a connectedness that has been further facilitated by the adoption of 3‐D building information modelling (BIM) that helps to streamline processes and facilitate better communication among disparate members of the design team.
Structural Emergence: Architectural and Structural Design Collaboration at SOM
Authors: Besserud Keith , Katz Neil , Beghini Alessandro 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAt Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) there is a strong culture of collaboration between architects and engineers, and innovation in computational technologies ‐ the firm fervently embraced the computer over 50 years ago. Here a cross‐disciplinary team from SOM, architects Keith Besserud and Neil Katz and structural engineer Alessandro Beghini, describe their current work on FE algorithms and how this has informed recent projects.
Simulating the User Experience: Design Optimisation for Visitor Comfort
Authors: Sharma Shrikant , Fisher Al 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMuch emphasis in computation has been put on the potential of building information modelling (BIM) and other software in the coordination of the design and construction process and on building performance. What, however, can modelling techniques offer to shift the focus to simulating the user experience? Shrikant Sharma and Al Fisher of Buro Happold SMART Solutions, which offers specialist computational innovation services to external clients, describe how their team has developed SMART Move, a crowd‐modelling software that has been used in the development of the designs for Wilkinson Eyre's Exeter University Forum and Foster + Partners' Thomas Deacon Academy.
Bridging a Culture: The Design of Museo Soumaya
Authors: Romero Fernando , Ramos Armando 
Published: March 2013

AbstractFernando Romero and Armando Ramos of Fernando Romero EnterprisE (FREE) describe how the firm's design for an iconic museum in Mexico City, which adopted complex computational techniques, required them to develop an integrated and highly collaborative approach to design; with a central digital 3‐D model being applied throughout the construction phase.
Planning by Parameters
Authors: Zuidgeest Jeroen , van der Burgh Sanne , Kalmeyer Bas 
Published: March 2013

AbstractWith increasing pressure on available land for development, planning parameters continue to intensify. Since the early 1990s, such constraints on urban sites have provided a significant focus for MRVDV's design and research. The practice has worked on the creation of interactive software that enables designers to interact with the limits and opportunities highlighted by the visualisation and evaluation of these parameters. Jeroen Zuidgeest and Sanne van der Burgh of MVRDV and Bas Kalmeyer of think tank The Why Factory describe how parametric models are now being applied, leading the way to a whole new generation of open‐source planning tools.
After After Geometry
Authors: Meredith Michael 
Published: March 2013

AbstractMichael Meredith of MOS Architects examines his own practice's preoccupation with physics and the particle‐oriented world, and the persistent problem of meaning and meaninglessness against the backdrop of the architecture of a previous era: a period that spanned the Deconstruction movement of the late 1980s and closed with Greg Lynn's seminal 1997 Architecture After Geometry edition of AD.
Computational Fluid Dynamics for Architectural Design
Authors: Kaijima Sawako , Bouffanais Roland , Willcox Karen , Naidu Suresh 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThere are many ‘compelling possibilities’ for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in architecture, as demonstrated by its successful adoption in the aerospace, automotive and product manufacturing industries. Sawako Kaijima, Roland Bouffanais, Karen Willcox and Suresh Naidu of ARCH‐CFD, a research initiative at the International Design Centre established by the Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), explore CFD's potential.
Galapagos: On the Logic and Limitations of Generic Solvers
Authors: Rutten David 
Published: March 2013

AbstractA graduate in architecture and urbanism from TU Delft, David Rutten works with software company Robert McNeel & Associates (RMN). The developer of Grasshopper®, he was recently awarded the ACADIA 2012 award for innovative research. The Galapagos plug‐in, which Rutten has developed for Grasshopper®, implements two generic solvers (one using a genetic algorithm and one using a simulated annealing algorithm). A generic solver will find a solution to a problem that can be expressed in a mathematical way; however, as he explains here, while these solutions may not be exact, they will be very good.
Processing and Characterization of In Situ (TiC–TiB2)p/AZ91D Magnesium Matrix Composites
Authors: Shamekh Mohammed , Pugh Martin , Medraj Mamoun 
Published: March 2013

AbstractIn this paper, a practical and cost‐effective processing route, in situ reactive infiltration technique, was utilized to fabricate magnesium matrix composites reinforced with a network of TiC–TiB2 particulates. These ceramic reinforcement phases were synthesized in situ from Ti and B4C powders without any addition of a third metal powder such as Al. The molten Mg alloy infiltrates the preform of (Tip + B4Cp) by capillary forces. The microstructure of the composites was investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM)/energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). The compression behavior of the composites processed at different conditions was investigated. Also, the flexural strength behavior was assessed through the four‐point‐bending test at room temperature. Microstructural characterization of the (TiB2–TiC)/AZ91D composite processed at 900 °C for 1.5 h shows a relatively uniform distribution of TiB2 and TiC particulates in the matrix material resulting in the highest compressive strength and Young's modulus. Compared with those of the unreinforced AZ91D Mg alloy, the elastic modulus, flexural and compressive strengths of the composite are greatly improved. In contrast, the ductility is lower than that of the unreinforced AZ91D Mg alloy. However, this lower ductility was improved by the addition of MgH2 powder in the preform. Secondary scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the fracture surfaces after the flexural strength test. The composites show signs of mixed fracture; cleavage regions and some dimpling. In addition, microcracks observed in the matrix show that the failure might have initiated in the matrix rather than from the reinforcing particulates.
Block‐Copolymer‐Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous WO3−x/Carbon Nanocomposites as High‐Rate‐Performance Electrodes for Pseudocapacitors
Authors: Jo Changshin , Hwang Jongkook , Song Hannah , Dao Anh Ha , Kim Yong‐Tae , Lee Sang Hyup , Hong Seok Won , Yoon Songhun , Lee Jinwoo 
Published: March 2013

AbstractAn ordered mesoporous tungsten‐oxide/carbon (denoted as m‐WO3−x‐C‐s) nanocomposite is synthesized using a simple one‐pot method using polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PS‐b‐PEO) as a structure‐directing agent. The hydrophilic PEO block interacts with the carbon and tungsten precursors (resol polymer and WCl6), and the PS block is converted to pores after heating at 700 °C under a nitrogen flow. The m‐WO3−x‐C‐s nanocomposite has a high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area and hexagonally ordered pores. Because of its mesoporous structure and high intrinsic density of tungsten oxide, this material exhibits a high average volumetric capacitance and gravimetric capacitance as a pseudocapacitor electrode. In comparison with reduced mesoporous tungsten oxide (denoted as m‐WO3−x‐h), which is synthesized by a tedious hard template approach and further reduction in a H2/N2 atmosphere, m‐WO3−x‐C‐s shows a high capacitance and enhanced rate performance, as confirmed by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The good performance of m‐WO3−x‐C‐s is attributed to the high surface area arising from the mesoporous structure, the large interconnected mesopores, and the low internal resistance from the well‐dispersed reduced tungsten oxide and amorphous carbon composite structure. Here, the amorphous carbon acts as an electrical pathway for effective pseudocapacitor behavior of WO3‐x.
Extreme Optical Properties Tuned Through Phase Substitution in a Structurally Optimized Biological Photonic Polycrystal
Authors: Wu Xia , Erbe Andreas , Raabe Dierk , Fabritius Helge‐Otto 
Published: March 2013

AbstractBiological photonic structures evolved by insects provide inspiring examples for the design and fabrication of synthetic photonic crystals. The small scales covering the beetle Entimus imperialis are subdivided into irregularly shaped domains that mostly show striking colors, yet some appear colorless. The colors originate from photonic crystals consisting of cuticular material and air, which are geometrically separated by a triply periodic D‐surface (diamond). The structure and orientation of the photonic crystals are charactized and it is shown that in colorless domains SiO2 substitutes the air. The experimental results are incorporated into a precise D‐surface structure model used to simulate the photonic band structure. The study shows that the structural parameters in colored domains are optimized for maximum reflectivity by maximizing the stop gap width. The colorless domains provide a biological example of how the optical appearance changes through alteration of the refractive index contrast between the constituting phases.
Photochemical Generation of Light Responsive Surfaces
Authors: Blasco Eva , Piñol Milagros , Oriol Luis , Schmidt Bernhard V. K. J. , Welle Alexander , Trouillet Vanessa , Bruns Michael , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher 
Published: March 2013

AbstractThe preparation of patterned photoswitchable surfaces by employing the nitrile imine‐mediated tetrazole ene cycloaddition (NITEC) photoinduced reaction in the presence of dipolarophiles based on photoresponsive azobenzene moieties is reported. The dipolarophile used is a maleimide carrying either an azobenzene unit or a first generation dendron containing two azobenzene units. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is employed to analyze the functionalized silicon wafers, while time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) evidences the spatial control of the functionalization of the surface achieved by using a micropatterned shadow mask. Water contact angle measurements and optical inspection observing the behavior of a water droplet demonstrate the photoinduced change on wettability of the structured functionalized surfaces due to the reversible trans‐to‐cis isomerization of the azobenzene moities.