bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurement System for Determination of Supercapacitor Equivalent Parameters
Authors: Kopka Ryszard , Tarczyński Wiesław 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In this paper a measurement system for determination of supercapacitor equivalent parameters is proposed. Specific properties of materials used for supercapacitor construction require some advanced tools and measurement procedures to be applied during tests. The measurement system allows to measure values of equivalent parameters by both the DC and AC method whilst keeping appropriate time criteria required by this type of devices. Furthermore, in this paper the most relevant properties and measurement capabilities of the proposed system are described as well as some exemplary values of the supercapacitor equivalent parameters measured experimentally are presented.
Analogue CMOS ASICs in Image Processing Systems
Authors: Jendernalik W. , Blakiewicz G. , Handkiewicz A. , Melosik M. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
In this paper a survey of analog application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for low-level image processing, called vision chips, is presented. Due to the specific requirements, the vision chips are designed using different architectures best suited to their functions. The main types of the vision chip architectures and their properties are presented and characterized on selected examples of prototype integrated circuits (ICs) fabricated in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies. While discussing the vision chip realizations the importance of low-cost, low-power solutions is highlighted, which are increasingly being used in intelligent consumer equipment. Thanks to the great development of the automated design environments and fabrication methods, new, so far unknown applications of the vision chips become possible, as for example disposable endoscopy capsules for photographing the human gastrointestinal tract for the purposes of medical diagnosis.
What Values do Leisure Sports Create and What is Their Relationship to Competitiveness?
Authors: Szabó Ágnes 
Published: December 2013

Abstract Sports play an increasingly important role in the economy and in society. Yet when it comes to the study of sports economics, most literature focuses on professional athletics; the topic of leisure sports receives scant attention on both the theoretical and the practical level, as Downward and his co-authors pointed out in 2009. This article will focus on leisure sports. Its goal is to highlight the values that leisure sports instill in individuals, companies, society and the economy, and to explore how leisure sports can make them more competitive. I will begin with a short conceptual definition of leisure sports and competitiveness, followed by a review of relevant academic literature. Finally, this paper will analyze the results of 31 qualitative in-depth interviews with business professionals, government officials, and representatives of civil society and university experts who specialize in sports business or sport sociology.
Significance of extremely elevated ferritin level in medical inpatients
Authors: Vardi Moshe , Hogerat Tahani , Cohen Sarit , Cohen Shai 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The diagnostic and prognostic utility of extremely elevated ferritin values in hospitalized medical patients is lacking. We aimed to determine the clinical significance of ferritin levels ≥ 1000 ng/mL in adults hospitalized in the general medical service. We scanned the hospital laboratory database for ferritin values ≥ 1000 ng/mL, and evaluated the medical history, diagnoses, and survival of patients hospitalized in the general medical service. We compared the characteristics and outcomes of patients with values up-to versus above 2,999 ng/mL. Ferritin samples ranging from 1,003 to 12,170 ng/mL from 422 patients in the lower and 94 in the higher ferritin groups were included. Malignancy, repeat blood transfusions and recent chemotherapy were more prevalent in the higher ferritin group (p=0.003, p=0.002, and p<0.001, respectively). Infection (58.7%), chronic kidney disease (22.0%), and solid or hematological malignancies (21.6% and 17.1%, respectively) were the leading conditions associated with elevated ferritin. One-year survival was low, and significantly lower in patients in the higher ferritin group (10.8% vs. 16.9%, p=0.004). In conclusion, extremely elevated ferritin values in patients admitted to the general medical service are associated with multiplicity of clinical conditions and poor outcome.
Instability of transonic flow past flattened airfoils
Authors: Kuzmin Alexander 
Published: December 2013

AbstractTransonic flow past a Whitcomb airfoil and two modifications of it at Reynolds numbers of the order of ten millions is studied. The numerical modeling is based on the system of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The flow simulations show that variations of the lift coefficient versus the angle of attack become more abrupt with decreasing curvature of the airfoil in the midchord region. This is caused by an instability of closely spaced local supersonic regions on the upper surface of the airfoil.
Vacuum-sintered body of a novel apatite for artificial bone
Authors: Tamura Kenichi , Fujita Tatsushi , Morisaki Yuriko 
Published: December 2013

AbstractWe produced regenerative artificial bone material and bone parts using vacuum-sintered bodies of a novel apatite called “Titanium medical apatite (TMA®)” for biomedical applications. TMA was formed by chemically connecting a Ti oxide molecule with the reactive [Ca10(PO4)6] group of Hydroxyapatite (HAp). The TMA powders were kneaded with distilled water, and solid cylinders of compacted TMA were made by compression molding at 10 MPa using a stainless-steel vessel. The TMA compacts were dried and then sintered in vacuum (about 10−3 Pa) or in air using a resistance heating furnace in the temperature range 1073–1773 K. TMA compacts were sintered at temperatures greater than 1073 K, thus resulting in recrystallization. The TMA compact bodies sintered in the range 1273-1773 K were converted into mixtures composed of three crystalline materials: α-TCP (tricalcium phosphate), β-TCP, and Perovskite-CaTiO3. The Perovskite crystals were stable and hard. In vacuum-sintering, the Perovskite crystals were transformed into fibers (approximately 1 µm in diameter × 8 µm in length), and the fiber distribution was uniform in various directions. We refer to the TMA vacuum-sintered bodies as a ”reinforced composite material with Perovskite crystal fibers.” However, in atmospheric sintering, the Perovskite crystals were of various sizes and were irregularly distributed as a result of the effect of oxygen. After sintering temperature at 1573 K, the following results were obtained: the obtained TMA vacuum-sintered bodies (1) were white, (2) had a density of approximately 2300 kg/m3 (corresponding to that of a compact bone or a tooth), and had a thermal conductivity of approximately 31.3 W/(m·K) (corresponding to those of metal or ceramic implants). Further, it was possible to cut the TMA bodies into various forms with a cutting machine. An implant made of TMA and inserted into a rabbit jaw bone was covered by new bone tissues after just one month because of the high biocompatibility of the TMA implant. TMA vacuum-sintered bodies are promising biomaterials for use as artificial bone materials to regenerate bone parts and produce bone reinforcement structures that are used for bone junctions in dental and orthopedic surgery.
Trade as a Socio-Economic Factor of Town Development. A Dynamic Perspective on the Example of Leszno
Authors: Budner Waldemar W. , Palicki Sławomir 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the current role of trade as a town developing factor. The analysis was made on the example of a middle-size town - Leszno. During only the last few years a lot of have taken place in Leszno concerning the quality and quantity of trade as well as location of it in the town space. This study contains the analysis and assessment of changes in Leszno retail trade in the years 2010-2012. The survey was the basis for the assessment of the town prestige as a subregional trade centre, appraisal of the trade system, the arrangement of trade points in the town, the appeal of the town and its centre as a result of building new shopping malls.
The Use of Phosphorus Sorption Parameters in the Monitoring of Potential Emissions of this Component from the Arable Lands
Authors: Szara Ewa , Sosulski Tomasz 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
The study assesses the usefulness of different methods of determining the sorption properties of soils in relation to phosphorus in the agricultural soils from Central Poland in terms of the risk of environmental pollution posed by this component. As a reference parameter necessary to achieve the study.s objective, the sorption capacity of soils for phosphorus determined on the basis of the Langmuir model was used. The results of the tests were used to calculate the degrees of soil saturation with phosphorus: PE-R/Smax (Psat1); PE-R/PSI36 (Psat2), PM3/AlM3 + FeM3 (Psat3); Pox/Alox+Feox (Psat4); PE-R/AlM3+FeM3 (Psat5); PE-R/ Alox+Feox (Psat6). The usefulness of these indicators for assessing the risk of phosphorus emissions from agricultural land was determined on the basis of the coefficients of their correlation with the amount of active phosphorus in the soil. The study proved the usefulness of the Mehlich-3 and acid ammonium oxalate solutions for assessing the sorption capacity and the degree of saturation with phosphorus of typical Polish agricultural soils. For identifying the risk of phosphorus leaching from the soils, the parameter that specifies the extent of soil saturation with phosphorus as determined by the Egner-Riehm test and the sorption index (PSI) obtained by equilibrating the soils with a solution containing 36 mg P dm.3 at the soil-to-solution ratio of 1:10 (Psat2) were also found useful.
Failure Investigation of an Airline Engine Failure During Take Off
Authors: Andersson K. , Pederson R. , Pettersson B. , Klement U. 
Published: December 2013

Abstract
An Iran Airlines CF6–80C2A2F engine had a turbine failure during takeoff from the Arlanda airport in Sweden, in January 2010. Failure investigation of the engine was performed by Lufthansa Technik AG (LHT). The Swedish Accident Investigation Board (SHK) requested a second opinion of the available High Pressure Turbine (HPT) Diffuser Aft Seal hardware, received from LHT, and because of GKN Aerospace Sweden's extensive experience as Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) of Swedish fighter engines this second failure analysis work was performed by GKN. The failure investigation of the Diffuser Aft Seal pieces and fragments received from LHT revealed no fractures or fatigue cracks which are believed to be evidences of the primary cause to the failure. However, a secondary fatigue crack was found in an aft tooth fragment from the Diffuser Aft Seal. This tooth fragment has also a machining step on the forward surface, between a repair weld and the original tooth, with a geometry which gives a stress concentration factor of about 2.5 for radial and bending stresses in this area. This machining step may have contributed to initiate a fatigue crack in the seal tooth.
Histopathological assessment of fatal ipsilateral intraparenchymal hemorrhages after the treatment of supraclinoid aneurysms with the Pipeline Embolization Device
Authors: Hu Yin C. , Deshmukh Vivek R. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Fiorella David , Nixon Randal R. , Heck Donald V. , Barnwell Stanley L. , McDougall Cameron G. 
Published: December 2013

Object
Delayed ipsilateral intraparenchymal hemorrhage has been observed following aneurysm treatment with the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED). The relationship of this phenomenon to the device and/or procedure remains unclear. The authors present the results of histopathological analyses of the brain sections from 3 patients in whom fatal ipsilateral intracerebral hemorrhages developed several days after uneventful PED treatment of supraclinoid aneurysms.

Methods
Microscopic analyses revealed foreign material occluding small vessels within the hemorrhagic area in all patients. Further analyses of the embolic materials using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was conducted on specimens from 2 of the 3 patients. Although microscopically identical, the quantity of material recovered from the third patient was insufficient for FTIR spectroscopy.

Results
FTIR spectroscopy showed that the foreign material was polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a substance that is commonly used in the coatings of interventional devices.

Conclusions
These findings are suggestive of a potential association between intraprocedural foreign body emboli and post-PED treatment–delayed ipsilateral intraparenchymal hemorrhage.
Intrusive trichome bases in the leaves of silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium; Solanaceae) do not facilitate fluorescent tracer uptake
Authors: Burrows Geoffrey E. , White Rosemary G. , Harper John D. I. , Heady Roger D. , Stanton Rex A. , Zhu Xiaocheng , Wu Hanwen , Lemerle Deirdre 
Published: December 2013

• Premise of the study: Solanum elaeagnifolium (silverleaf nightshade), having originated in the Americas, is now a serious summer‐growing, perennial weed in many countries, including Australia. Most surfaces of the plants have a dense covering of trichomes, giving them a silvery‐white appearance, hence the common name. We aimed to identify structural and functional properties of its leaves, especially the trichomes, that may affect the uptake of foliar‐applied tracer dyes.• Methods: The structure of leaves of Solanum elaeagnifolium was examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. The potential for transport of materials between trichomes and veins was studied with symplastic (carboxyfluorescein diacetate) and apoplastic (lucifer yellow) tracer dyes.• Key results: Mature leaves had a dense covering of complex, stellate trichomes on both surfaces, particularly the abaxial. The basal cells of Solanum elaeagnifolium trichomes penetrated into the underlying palisade mesophyll layers. The innermost lobes of these basal cells sometimes contacted the bundle sheath of the veins, but were not observed to directly contact the xylem or phloem. We found that neither symplastic nor apoplastic dyes were transferred between the basal cells of the trichomes and the vascular tissues. The trichome layer repelled water‐based tracer dyes, while one of four adjuvants tested facilitated entry of both symplastic and apoplastic dyes.• Conclusions: Our results did not support a transport function for the trichomes. The trichomes may protect the mesophytic leaves from invertebrate herbivory, while also probably decreasing radiation absorbed resulting in cooler leaves in this summer‐growing species.
Ground‐motion prediction from tremor
Authors: Baltay Annemarie S. , Beroza Gregory C. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThe widespread occurrence of tremor, coupled with its frequency content and location, provides an exceptional opportunity to test and improve strong ground‐motion attenuation relations for subduction zones. We characterize the amplitude of thousands of individual 5 min tremor events in Cascadia during three episodic tremor and slip events to constrain the distance decay of peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV). We determine the anelastic attenuation parameter for ground‐motion prediction equations (GMPEs) to a distance of 150 km, which is sufficient to place important constraints on ground‐motion decay. Tremor PGA and PGV show a distance decay that is similar to subduction‐zone‐specific GMPEs developed from both data and simulations; however, the massive amount of data present in the tremor observations should allow us to refine distance‐amplitude attenuation relationships for use in hazard maps, and to search for regional variations and intrasubduction zone differences in ground‐motion attenuation.
Characteristics of low clouds over the Arabian Sea
Authors: Sathiyamoorthy V. , Mahesh C. , Gopalan Kaushik , Prakash Satya , Shukla Bipasha P. , Mathur A. K. 
Published: December 2013

AbstractThis paper studies climatically important low clouds (with cloud top below 680 hPa) over the Arabian Sea using the Kalpana‐1 satellite data and International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project cloud data. Characteristics and possible mechanisms behind low‐cloud formation in the summer monsoon season are presented. The dominant lower tropospheric circulation over the Arabian Sea during the summer season is the monsoon low‐level jet (LLJ). Low clouds are predominantly found on the exit portion of the LLJ with decelerating winds. We postulate that the moisture carried by the LLJ from the entrance region with accelerating winds converge at the exit region with decelerating winds. This low‐level convergence (observed ~925 hPa level) may be conducive for moisture convergence, parcel uplifting, and low‐cloud formation. These clouds are unable to grow vertically due to the presence of lower tropospheric thermal inversion. Change in the spatial extent of low‐level convergence is found to influence the spatial coverage of the low clouds. It is found that low cloud cover is inversely related to the Indian summer monsoon activity. It is speculated that the changes in the strength of the lower tropospheric stability and spatial extent of convergence may be possible causes behind the observed inverse relation between low cloud cover and monsoon activity. Based on Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System data, we find that these low clouds exert a peak cooling of about −55 Wm−2.
Effect of accumulation rate on water stable isotopes of near‐surface snow in inland Antarctica
Authors: Hoshina Yu , Fujita Koji , Nakazawa Fumio , Iizuka Yoshinori , Miyake Takayuki , Hirabayashi Motohiro , Kuramoto Takayuki , Fujita Shuji , Motoyama Hideaki 
Published: December 2013

AbstractPostdepositional changes in water stable isotopes in polar firn were investigated at three sites characterized by different accumulation rates along the East Antarctic ice divide near Dome Fuji. Water stable isotopes, major ion concentrations, and tritium contents of three 2–4 m deep pits were measured at high resolution (2 cm). Temporally, the snow pits cover the past 50 years with snow accumulation rates in the range of 29–41 kg m−2 a−1 around Dome Fuji. Oxygen isotopic profiles in the three pits do not show annual fluctuations, but instead exhibit multiyear cycles. These multiyear cycles are lower in frequency at Dome Fuji as compared with the other two sites. Peaks of water stable isotopes in the multiyear cycles correspond to some ion concentration minima in the pits, although such relationships are not observed in coastal regions. We propose that the extremely low accumulation environment keeps the snow layer at the near surface, which result in postdepositional modifications of isotopic signals by processes such as ventilation and vapor condensation‐sublimation. We estimate that oxygen isotopic ratios could be modified by >10‰ and that the original seasonal cycle could be completely overprinted under the accumulation conditions at Dome Fuji. Moreover, stake measurements at Dome Fuji suggest that the large variability in snow accumulation rate is the cause of the multiyear cycles.
Value of Questionnaire‐Based Screening as a Proxy for Neurocognitive Testing in Childhood‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Vega‐Fernandez Patricia , Zelko Frank A. , Klein‐Gitelman Marisa , Lee Jiha , Hummel Jessica , Nelson Shannen , Thomas Erin C. , Ying Jun , Beebe Dean W. , Brunner Hermine I. 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo investigate the utility of questionnaire‐based assessment of cognitive function and behavioral/emotional symptoms to screen for neurocognitive dysfunction in childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (cSLE).MethodsForty children with cSLE and 24 healthy controls ages 10–16 years were enrolled. Formal neurocognitive testing (FNCT) was done to determine cognitive performance in 4 key areas that appear to be sensitive to the adverse effects of cSLE: attention, working memory, psychomotor speed, and visuoconstructional ability. Paper and pencil questionnaires sampling cognitive functioning and behavioral/emotional symptoms were also completed: the Subjective Awareness of Neuropsychological Deficits for Children (SAND‐C) questionnaire by patients, and the Child Behavioral Checklist and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) by parents.ResultsDomain and summary scores of the BRIEF and SAND‐C correlated modestly with participants' performance on FNCT. Questionnaire ratings did not discriminate subjects with different levels of cognitive ability as measured by FNCT.ConclusionContrary to some reports in adults with SLE, self‐administered questionnaires of cognitive functioning and parent ratings of executive functioning do not appear well suited to replace FNCT in screening for neurocognitive impairment of children and adolescents with cSLE. However, they may provide information that is complementary to FNCT and therefore play a useful role in clinical followup.
Design and Development of a Decision Support Package for Low Back Pain
Authors: Patel Shilpa , Ngunjiri Anne , Sandhu Harbinder , Griffiths Frances , Thistlewaite Jill , Brown Sally , Friede Tim , Lord Joanne , Tysall Colin , Woolvine Mark , Underwood Martin 
Published: December 2013

ObjectiveTo develop a decision support package for people with low back pain (LBP) referred for physiotherapy.MethodsWe used a program of exploratory work, including literature reviews, a Delphi study, a nominal group with physiotherapists, focus groups with patients, and secondary analysis of existing interview data.ResultsWe developed an information booklet describing the evidence‐based treatment modalities available in a physiotherapy department. This includes data on likely benefits and risks and how the intervention is delivered. The booklet specifically addresses questions identified as important in our exploratory work. Space is provided for patients to note down the pros and cons of each treatment and what matters to them when choosing treatments. The patient is subsequently directed to a section that explores any gaps in knowledge, values, support, and choice before finally clarifying if a treatment decision is possible. At this stage they are encouraged to note down any questions or concerns they have to be discussed at the first physiotherapy consultation. This overall package includes patient material in the form of a booklet posted prior to their consultation, plus the enhanced consultation with the specially trained physiotherapist. Patients then receive their chosen treatment. In addition we developed a training package for physiotherapists that explains the content of the booklet and supports them in using informed, shared decision making in their consultation.ConclusionThis package has the potential to improve effectiveness of treatments and patient satisfaction for LBP by facilitating patient choice and therefore matching patients more effectively to different treatments.