bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arteriovenous Graft Configuration in Hemodialysis: Does it Matter?
Authors: Wuamett Joseph C. , Glickman Marc H. 
Published: March 2015

Purpose The current guidelines for arteriovenous graft (AVG) configuration in hemodialysis state the following sequence: forearm loop, upper arm straight or curved and upper arm looped. These recommendations are based upon literature from the 1980s. Modern patient demographics and patient treatment algorithms, i.e., the Fistula First initiative (FFI), have greatly changed the current practice environment. It is not clear if these changes alter the outcomes of AVGs based upon configuration. Methods The most recent National Kidney Foundation Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (NKF/K-DOQI) guidelines for vascular access were reviewed. Articles cited to support recommendations for AVG configuration were evaluated. The following search terms: arteriovenous graft configuration, access configuration, PTFE configuration in hemodialysis and straight, looped, curved graft configuration were used to search PubMed, Ovid, Medline and Google scholar. Articles that included data comparing AVG configuration were included. Citations within those articles were examined for publications overlooked in the initial search. Four articles and one abstract were reviewed and separated into pre- and post-FFI groups. Results Pre-FFI articles demonstrate superiority of forearm looped AVG over straight forearm grafts. Post-FFI, the literature suggests that primary patency, thrombosis and steal are not affected by configuration and location, although looped configuration may have superior secondary patency. Conclusions The available literature is mixed regarding the effect of configuration on AVG outcomes. Current studies illustrate the effect may be limited and that larger randomized controlled trials are necessary to draw firm conclusions. Regardless, adequate inflow and an appropriately sized outflow vein are paramount for optimal graft performance.
Application of key performance indicators (KPIs) in the UAE public libraries:An analytical study
Authors: Abu Eid Emad Mohammad , Jirjees Jassim Mohammed 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe main purpose of the study was to identify the current application and use of key performance indicators (KPIs) in measuring library services in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) public libraries. The study seeks to determine the importance of measuring the performance of library services in terms of, 1) methods of data collection, 2) resources spent, 3) current KPI methods employed, 4) use of information resulting from KPI measurement, and 5) the types of participants involved in the KPI measurement process. The population of the study was the federal and local governmental public libraries in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The population of the study included Dubai Public Library, Sharjah Public Library, Abu Dhabi National Library and Ministry of Culture and Community Development Public Libraries. Those public libraries administer the access to information and the provision of library services through thirty (30) service library branches, using (290) Full time employee (FTE) of staff, collection exceeds six (6) million items and around six hundred thousand visit FY 2012. All libraries of the population of the study provide electronic library services. The study was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire distributed to Library Directors yielded a 100% response rate. Respondents recorded current application of KPIs practices, estimated resources expended to conduct KPIs measurement, identified KPIs measurement participants, and challenges facing them in KPIs measurement. The results of the study indicate that 80% of public libraries in the UAE are currently using and applying KPIs in measuring performance of library services, 57% of the UAE public libraries adopted ISO 11620 as a reference to their KPIs application. Finally, the study results indicated the common reasons for the application of performance indicators were to identify areas of strengths/weaknesses, to improve performance and to increase level of users’ satisfaction. Recommendations of the study include: emphasis on adopting best practices, benchmarks, automated performance management systems, ISO11620, and design and conduct of training programs for librarians.
Advances in Classification Research Online 2013 Classification, Ontology, and the Semantic Web
Authors: Szostak Rick 
Published: March 2015

The Semantic Web is developing slowly, but arguably surely. Two inter-related sources of delay are network effects and ontologies. The Semantic Web has come over time to rely onformal ontologies but there are many of these and they are each hard to master. The ability to link databases is compromised by the use of incompatible ontologies. But the RDF triplet format at the centre of the Semantic Web insists only on triplets of the form (object) (predicate orproperty) (subject). This paper explores the potential for a classification system that contains these three types of hierarchies (things, predicates, properties), plus a minimal set of rules on how they can be combined, to serve the needsof the Semantic Web. To this end, it surveys theroles (both the intended roles and side-effects) that formal ontologies play within the Semantic Web. The paper also briefly reviews the challenges faced in applying existing classification systems or thesauri to the Semantic Web.<br />
La simplicité volontaire : Une dissidence réappropriée
Authors: Ladwein Richard 
Published: March 2015

La simplicité volontaire est une démarche caractérisant un nombre croissant de consommateurs qui va dans le sens de consommer moins pour consommer mieux. Le marketing est-il prêt à un tel défi ? Rien n’est moins sûr. Les adeptes de la simplicité volontaire obligent les professionnels du marketing à moduler leurs pratiques : exit les visions à court terme et la culture des actions publipromotionnelles intensives et bienvenue aux valeurs et au retour du marketing de l’offre .
Synthesis of γ‐Phosphate‐Labeled and Doubly Labeled Adenosine Triphosphate Analogs
Authors: Hacker Stephan M. , Welter Moritz , Marx Andreas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThis unit describes the synthesis of γ‐phosphate‐labeled and doubly labeled adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analogs and their characterization using the phosphodiesterase I from Crotalus adamanteus (snake venom phosphodiesterase; SVPD). In the key step of the synthesis, ATP or an ATP analog, bearing a linker containing a trifluoroacetamide group attached to the nucleoside, are modified with an azide‐containing linker at the terminal phosphate using an alkylation reaction. Subsequently, different labels are introduced to the linkers by transformation of one functional group to an amine and coupling to an N‐hydroxysuccinimide ester. Specifically, the Staudinger reaction of the azide is employed as a straightforward means to obtain an amine in the presence of various labels. Furthermore, the fluorescence characteristics of a fluorogenic, doubly labeled ATP analog are investigated following enzymatic cleavage by SVPD. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Interhemispheric asymmetry of the equatorial ionization anomaly in solstices observed by COSMIC during 2007–2012
Authors: Luan Xiaoli , Wang Pan , Dou Xiankang , Liu Yong C.‐M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractThe ionospheric radio occultation measurements from Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) satellites during 2007–2012 are utilized to analyze variations of the hemispheric asymmetry in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) in solstice seasons. A hemispheric asymmetry index (Ah) is introduced to quantitatively characterize the relative interhemispheric asymmetry or north‐south differences of the EIA crests. The seasonal, solar activity, and longitudinal dependences of the hemispheric asymmetry are investigated during these low to moderately high solar activity levels. Our main findings are as follows: (1) The transition of stronger crest from the winter to summer hemispheres generally took place during noon to afternoon hours (~11:00–14:00 LT), whereas the change of the EIA hemispheric asymmetry pattern toward a stronger summer crest actually started 2–3 h earlier. (2) Remarkable differences were observed in the EIA hemispheric asymmetry between June and December solstices. In June solstice, the transition from stronger winter to summer crests occurred later, and consequently, the duration with stronger winter crest lasted longer during the morning period. (3) In the afternoon hours, the magnitudes of relative interhemispheric asymmetry of EIA crests were obviously anticorrelated with the solar activity, while in the morning hours their solar activity dependence was weak. (4) Interhemispheric asymmetry of the crests and its transition time varied with longitudes. It is also found that the longitudinal and seasonal variations of the change rate of Ah was generally consistent with the corresponding variations of hemispheric asymmetry in ion production rate. Our results indicate that the photochemical process may also play a role in the EIA hemispheric asymmetry, in addition to the important contribution from the transequatorial neutral wind and equatorial fountain effects.
Anatomy of a Strombolian eruption: Inferences from particle data recorded with thermal video
Authors: Bombrun Maxime , Harris Andrew , Gurioli Lucia , Battaglia Jean , Barra Vincent 
Published: March 2015

AbstractOver the past decade, a proliferation of new technologies has pushed forward our ability to measure the dynamics of volcanic emissions as they exit, and ascend above, the vent. Measuring parameters of all particles as they exit the vent during an explosive eruption is the best way to gather parameters such as size, shape, velocity, and mass for the solid (particulate) fraction of the plume, in our case this being the lapilli and bomb component. We compute particle velocities and size distributions using high spatial resolution (centimeter‐sized pixel) thermal infrared imagery collected at 200 Hz for small explosive eruptions at Stromboli (Italy). Our study covers 13 eruptions from Stromboli's southwest crater that occured in October 2012, plus 13 eruptions from the southwest crater, and 5 eruptions from the northeast crater in May 2014. We obtain a statistically robust database for size, mass, and velocity of 83,000 particles. Most particles have sizes of 5 to 15 cm so that the majority of individual particle masses are below 0.4 kg. However, 4950 (6%) of the particles are heavier than 5 kg and represent 59% of the total mass erupted. We also show that the smallest particles detected have the highest velocities with the maximum recorded vent‐leaving velocity being 240 m/s. While the thermal data provide insights into particle emission and launch dynamics, correlation with seismic data sheds light on the source mechanism. Our results lead us to suggest that pyroclast‐dominated explosions are a consequence of the presence of a viscous, degassed cap at the head of the magma column, whereas gas‐dominated events are a consequence of slug bursting in a “cleaner” conduit, the cap having been lost by convective overturn.
Nickel‐Catalyzed CS Bond Formation: Synthesis of Aryl Sulfides from Arylsulfonyl Hydrazides and Boronic Acids
Authors: Singh Rahul , Allam Bharat Kumar , Singh Neetu , Kumari Kumkum , Singh Satish Kumar , Singh Krishna Nand 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA practical nickel‐catalysed approach has been developed for the CS bond formation through the cross‐coupling of arylsulfonyl hydrazides and aryl boronic acids. The report employs arylsulfonyl hydrazide as an aryl thiol equivalent and offers a mild and eco‐safe synthesis of unsymmetrical thioethers in good to excellent yields in air. The scope and versatility of the method has been successfully demonstrated with 22 examples.magnified image
Probing Long‐Lived Plasmonic‐Generated Charges in TiO2/Au by High‐Resolution X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Amidani Lucia , Naldoni Alberto , Malvestuto Marco , Marelli Marcello , Glatzel Pieter , Dal Santo Vladimiro , Boscherini Federico 
Published: March 2015

AbstractExploiting plasmonic Au nanoparticles to sensitize TiO2 to visible light is a widely employed route to produce efficient photocatalysts. However, a description of the atomic and electronic structure of the semiconductor sites in which charges are injected is still not available. Such a description is of great importance in understanding the underlying physical mechanisms and to improve the design of catalysts with enhanced photoactivity. We investigated changes in the local electronic structure of Ti in pure and N‐doped nanostructured TiO2 loaded with Au nanoparticles during continuous selective excitation of the Au localized surface plasmon resonance with X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant inelastic X‐ray scattering (RIXS). Spectral variations strongly support the presence of long‐lived charges localized on Ti states at the semiconductor surface, giving rise to new laser‐induced low‐coordinated Ti sites.
Macrodiolide Formation by the Thioesterase of a Modular Polyketide Synthase
Authors: Zhou Yongjun , Prediger Patrícia , Dias Luiz Carlos , Murphy Annabel C. , Leadlay Peter F. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractElaiophylin is an unusual C2‐symmetric antibiotic macrodiolide produced on a bacterial modular polyketide synthase assembly line. To probe the mechanism and selectivity of diolide formation, we sought to reconstitute ring formation in vitro by using a non‐natural substrate. Incubation of recombinant elaiophylin thioesterase/cyclase with a synthetic pentaketide analogue of the presumed monomeric polyketide precursor of elaiophylin, specifically its N‐acetylcysteamine thioester, produced a novel 16‐membered C2‐symmetric macrodiolide. A linear dimeric thioester is an intermediate in ring formation, which indicates iterative use of the thioesterase active site in ligation and subsequent cyclization. Furthermore, the elaiophylin thioesterase acts on a mixture of pentaketide and tetraketide thioesters to give both the symmetric decaketide diolide and the novel asymmetric hybrid nonaketide diolide. Such thioesterases have potential as tools for the in vitro construction of novel diolides.
Investing Even in Uneven Contests: Effects of Asymmetry on Investment in Contests
Authors: Hart Einav , Avrahami Judith , Kareev Yaakov , Todd Peter M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractMany competitions, such as political campaigns, innovative endeavors, sports, or courting rituals, require investment of nonrefundable resources: One contestant wins the prize for the invested amount, whereas all others lose their investments without receiving compensation. Frequently, contests are asymmetric, because of differing resources or prize valuations. Does asymmetry discourage the weaker contestants from investing? Do stronger contestants take this into account and also invest less? Or does the desire to win abolish these differences? Two experiments explored the effects of asymmetry between the contestants—arising from their resources or prizes—on nonrefundable investments. Subjects repeatedly competed in both symmetric and asymmetric contests, enabling within‐subject comparisons. We observed an effect of asymmetry only when it concerned resources: Subjects overall invested less when their resources were unequal, whereas inequality in the prizes did not influence investments. This pattern suggests that winning itself is motivating. The changes between consecutive investments can be explained by reactions to the previous outcome (win or loss): Across all contests, investment decreased following a win and increased following a loss. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What Goes Up Apparently Needn't Come Down: Asymmetric Predictions of Ascent and Descent in Rankings
Authors: Davidai Shai , Gilovich Thomas 
Published: March 2015

AbstractIn eight studies, we document an upward mobility bias, or a tendency to predict that a rise in rankings is more likely than a decline. This asymmetry was observed in predictions of classroom performance, NBA and NFL standings, business school rankings, and employee performance rankings. The bias was found for entities people care about and want to see improve their standing, as well as entities in which people are not invested. It appears to result from people's tendency to give considerable weight to a focal agent's intentions and motivation, but to give less weight to the intentions of competitors and other factors that would thwart the focal agent's improvement. We show that this bias is most pronounced for implicit incremental theorists, who believe that performance is malleable (and hence assign more weight to intentions and effort). We discuss implications of this asymmetry for decision making and for an understanding of the underdog bias. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic factors and survival of patients with brain metastasis from breast cancer who underwent craniotomy
Authors: Leone José Pablo , Lee Adrian V. , Brufsky Adam M. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBrain metastasis (BM) in patients with breast cancer is a catastrophic event that results in poor prognosis. Identification of prognostic factors associated with breast cancer brain metastases (BCBM) could help to identify patients at risk. The aim of this study was to assess clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival of patients with BCBM who had craniotomy and resection in a series of patients treated with modern multimodality therapy. We analyzed 42 patients with BCBM who underwent resection. Patients were diagnosed with breast cancer between April 1994 and May 2010. Cox proportional hazards regression was selected to describe factors associated with time to BM, survival from the date of first recurrence, and overall survival (OS). Median age was 51 years (range 24–74). Median follow‐up was 4.2 years (range 0.6–18.5). The proportion of the biological subtypes of breast cancer was ER+/HER2− 25%, ER+/HER2+ 15%, ER‐/HER2+ 30%, and ER‐/HER2− 30%. Median OS from the date of primary diagnosis was 5.74 years. Median survival after diagnosis of BM was 1.33 years. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, stage was the only factor associated with shorter time to the development of BM (P = 0.033), whereas age was the only factor associated with survival from the date of recurrence (P = 0.027) and with OS (P = 0.037). Stage at primary diagnosis correlated with shorter time to the development of BM, while age at diagnosis was associated with shorter survival in BCBM. None of the other clinical factors had influence on survival.
Promoting Visible‐Light Photocatalysis with Palladium Species as Cocatalyst
Authors: Li Xiuzhen , Zhang Nan , Xu Yi‐Jun 
Published: March 2015

AbstractConventionally, Pd catalysis has been widely used in either heterogeneous or homogeneous thermocatalytic organic synthesis. Herein, we demonstrate a case study on the important, cocatalyst role of Pd nanoparticles in ternary In2S3–(reduced graphene oxide–palladium) [In2S3–(RGO–Pd)] composites for the selective oxidation of alcohols under visible‐light irradiation. Pd acts as dual cocatalyst along with RGO to promote the more efficient separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs and facilitate their spatial transfer across the interface in ternary In2S3–(RGO–Pd) composites, which leads to higher activity than that of binary In2S3–RGO composites. This work highlights the promising scope of using Pd nanoparticles as a cocatalyst for promoting visible‐light photocatalysis towards selective organic transformations under ambient conditions.
Sulfoxide‐Directed Metal‐Free ortho‐Propargylation of Aromatics and Heteroaromatics
Authors: Eberhart Andrew J. , Shrives Harry J. , Álvarez Estela , Carrër Amandine , Zhang Yuntong , Procter David J. 
Published: March 2015

AbstractA sulfoxide‐directed, metal‐free ortho‐propargylation of aromatics and heteroaromatics exploits intermolecular delivery of a propargyl nucleophile to sulfur followed by an intramolecular relay to carbon. The operationally simple cross‐coupling procedure is general, regiospecific with regard to the propargyl nucleophile, and shows complete selectivity for products of ortho‐propargylation over allenylation. The use of secondary propargyl silanes allows metal‐free ortho‐coupling to form carbon–carbon bonds between aromatic and heteroaromatic rings and secondary propargylic centres. The ‘safety‐catch’ nature of the sulfoxide directing group is illustrated in a selective, iterative double cross‐coupling process. The products of propargylation are versatile intermediates and they have been readily converted into substituted benzothiophenes.
First Evidence for the Existence of Hexafluoroantimonic(V) Acid
Authors: Bour Christophe , Guillot Régis , Gandon Vincent 
Published: March 2015

AbstractBy reacting IPr⋅InBr3 with AgSbF6 in dichloroethane at room temperature, we could obtain single crystals comprising [{(IPr⋅InBr3)(Ag⋅(CH2Cl)2)}2][SbF6]2 (1) and two identical HSbF6 units. It is presumed that the reaction gave rise to [IPr⋅InBr3−x][SbF6]x (x=1, 2, or 3) which reacted with adventitious water to give HSbF6 and [IPr⋅InBr3−x(OH)][SbF6]x−1. The experiment was reproduced at 60 °C, eventually leading to the indium hydroxide [{IPr⋅In(OH)0.5(H2O)4.5}2][SbF6]5 (2).
Pillarene‐Involved Metallic Supramolecular Nanostructures
Authors: Zhang Chang‐Wei , Chen Li‐Jun , Yang Hai‐Bo 
Published: March 2015

AbstractPillarenes (or pillararenes), as a new and rapidly developing class of covalent macrocycles, have stimulated a tremendous upsurge of interest in supramolecular chemistry because of their unique features and potentials in fabricating functional materials. In addition, metallo‐supramolecular chemistry has grown steadily over the last few decades. The presence of metal in supramolecular architectures enables the systematic tuning of their properties and endows them with optical, magnetic, and electric etcetera unusual properties. The marriage of these two fields offers new possibilities for the fabrication of novel functional materials and devices. This review article provides an overview of recent advancements on pillararene‐based metallic supramolecular assemblies. The fabrication and functionalities of pillararene‐decorated metallic macrocycles, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), and metal nanoparticles are comprehensively summarized and discussed.