bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Microcalcifications on Risk of Malignancy in Thyroid Nodules with Indeterminate or Benign Cytology
Authors: Brophy Catherine , Stewart James , O’Donovan Neil , McCarthy Julie , Murphy Matthew , Sheahan Patrick 
Published: September 2015

ObjectiveAdverse sonographic features such as microcalcification may predict increased likelihood of malignant cytology by fine‐needle aspiration and, accordingly, increased risk of malignant histology. Our objective was to study the predictive value of microcalcifications and other sonographic features for malignancy among thyroid nodules with benign or indeterminate cytology.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingAcademic teaching hospital.SubjectsPatients (N = 769) with 858 thyroid nodules undergoing 1142 ultrasound fine‐needle aspirations; 411 cases had surgical correlation.MethodsSonographic features predictive of malignancy were correlated with malignancy as determined by histology. Incidental malignancies occurring outside the index nodule were discounted.ResultsCytology was inadequate (87 cases), benign (518), indeterminate (210), and malignant (44). In 32 cases, initial benign cytology was upgraded to a higher‐risk category after repeat ultrasound fine‐needle aspiration. Microcalcification (P =. 001) and irregular margins (P =. 04) were significantly predictive of malignant cytology. Among surgical cases, microcalcification (P <. 001) and irregular margins (P =. 04) were significantly predictive of malignant histology; 170 patients with initial benign cytology and 161 with indeterminate cytology underwent surgery. Microcalcification was significantly associated with malignancy among cases with indeterminate cytology (P =. 04) but not among cases with benign cytology (P =. 23); however, only 13 of 33 cases with benign cytology and microcalcifications underwent surgery.ConclusionPresence of microcalcification increases the risk of malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology and may thus aid in selection of cases for surgery.
Targeted sequencing identifies patients with preclinical MDS at high risk of disease progression
Authors: Cargo Catherine A. , Rowbotham Nicola , Evans Paul A. , Barrans Sharon L. , Bowen David T. , Crouch Simon , Jack Andrew S. 
Published: September 2015

Key Points
The mutational profile of patients with preclinical MDS is distinct from that reported in healthy individuals. In the absence of morphologic disease, mutational analysis can predict those patients at high risk of disease progression.
Development of an international scale of socio-economic position based on household assets
Authors: Townend John , Minelli Cosetta , Harrabi Imed , Obaseki Daniel O. , El-Rhazi Karima , Patel Jaymini , Burney Peter 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Background
The importance of studying associations between socio-economic position and health has often been highlighted. Previous studies have linked the prevalence and severity of lung disease with national wealth and with socio-economic position within some countries but there has been no systematic evaluation of the association between lung function and poverty at the individual level on a global scale. The BOLD study has collected data on lung function for individuals in a wide range of countries, however a barrier to relating this to personal socio-economic position is the need for a suitable measure to compare individuals within and between countries. In this paper we test a method for assessing socio-economic position based on the scalability of a set of durable assets (Mokken scaling), and compare its usefulness across countries of varying gross national income per capita.

Results
Ten out of 15 candidate asset questions included in the questionnaire were found to form a Mokken type scale closely associated with GNI per capita (Spearman’s rank rs = 0.91, p = 0.002). The same set of assets conformed to a scale in 7 out of the 8 countries, the remaining country being Saudi Arabia where most respondents owned most of the assets. There was good consistency in the rank ordering of ownership of the assets in the different countries (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.96). Scores on the Mokken scale were highly correlated with scores developed using principal component analysis (rs = 0.977).

Conclusions
Mokken scaling is a potentially valuable tool for uncovering links between disease and socio-economic position within and between countries. It provides an alternative to currently used methods such as principal component analysis for combining personal asset data to give an indication of individuals’ relative wealth. Relative strengths of the Mokken scale method were considered to be ease of interpretation, adaptability for comparison with other datasets, and reliability of imputation for even quite large proportions of missing values.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in girls. Co-occurring psychopathology. Sex differences in clinical manifestation
Authors: Rynkiewicz Agnieszka , Łucka Izabela 
Published: September 2015

CelGłównym celem pracy jest określenie różnic pomiędzy kliniczną manifestacją zaburzeń ze spektrum autyzmu u dziewcząt i chłopców.MetodaGrupę badaną stanowiło 15 dziewcząt i 16 chłopców, z diagnozą autyzmu lub zespołu Aspergera, w wieku młodzieńczym, oraz ich rodzice. Adolescentów badano testem ADOS (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, polskiej wersji narzędzia obserwacyjnego do diagnozowania autyzmu) porównując wyniki algorytmów ADOS i ADOS-2, który obowiązuje po rewizji narzędzia. Z rodzicami przeprowadzono ustrukturyzowany wywiad, wypełnili oni kwestionariusz AQ (Autism Quotient), ASAS (Australijską Skalę dla Zespołu Aspergera), oraz GQ-ASC (Kwestionariusz dla dziewcząt ze spektrum autyzmu). Przeanalizowano dokumentację medyczną badanych. Wyniki opracowano za pomocą metod statystycznych.WynikiPacjentów badano Modułem 4 ADOS uzyskując w grupie z ASD statystycznie znaczące różnice wyników w części gestów i komunikacji werbalnej. Wyniki średnie w AQ dla ASD dziewcząt i ASD chłopców wynosiły odpowiednio (M = 33.0 i M = 30.9), ASAS (M = 57% i M = 61%). ASD dziewczęta były częściej aniżeli ASD chłopcy hospitalizowane psychiatrycznie (60% vs. 31%), częściej przyjmowały leki antydepresyjne (67% vs. 31%), anksjolityki (20% vs. 6%), leki normotymiczne (40% vs. 19%). ASD chłopcy częściej aniżeli ASD dziewczęta przyjmowali leki psychotropowe (50% vs. 47%) oraz psychostymulanty (44% vs. 20%).WnioskiASD dziewczęta znajdują się w grupie podwyższonego ryzyka wyniku poza spektrum autyzmu według klasyfikacji ADOS lub ADOS-2, podczas gdy wywiad oraz obraz kliniczny pacjentek potwierdza ASD. Dane kliniczne sugerują, iż profil sensoryczny ASD dziewcząt jest bardziej zaburzony niż ASD chłopców. Częściej występują u nich stany lękowe, depresja, myśli samobójcze, oraz hospitalizacje psychiatryczne zaś u ASD chłopców ADHD, OCD i tiki.
Defining the friendly Other: A case study of the public reception of Finnish films in Sweden
Authors: Lehtisalo Anneli 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
This article discusses the relations between Swedish and Finnish film cultures adopting a historical cross-cultural reception framework. The cinema season 1937−1938 in Stockholm, when five Finnish films – an exceptional number – premiered, was a significant turning point for the import of Finnish films. The films aroused interest, and all of them were reviewed in the newspapers. The case illustrates how notions of both national cinema and national hierarchies are formed within transnational processes, which take place in networks encompassing different countries and cultures. Swedish journalists regarded Finnish cinema as backward compared to Swedish cinema, but as evolving: despite their primitiveness, Finnish films expressed authenticity and artistic ambition, even to a greater extent than Swedish films of the time. Through evaluations, comparisons and the construction of hierarchies, Swedish film journalists not only defined Finnish cinema but also presented ideas about Swedish and Nordic cinema.
Multiple adaptation processes: The case of Alexander Ahndoril’s The Director and its predecessors in feature film, television documentary and popular print media
Authors: Koskinen Maaret 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
It is well known that the novel by Alexander Ahndoril, Regissören/The Director (2006/2008), partially adapts Ingmar Bergman’s film Nattvardsgästerna/The Communicants (1963). It is less well known that the novel also adapts a television documentary about the shoot of The Communicants made in 1962 for Swedish public television by Vilgot Sjöman. In Ahndoril’s novel, then, the transfer moves from Bergman’s film and Sjöman’s documentary to the novel, in contrast to conventional adaptation practice, which moves in the opposite direction. Furthermore, besides moving images, other media have been adapted in Ahndoril’s novel, for example, feature stories in Swedish women’s magazines on Bergman and then-wife Käbi Laretei’s domestic life. Finally, Bergman’s journals have also been adapted, not from the original source text, however, but as represented in academic publications. In sum, Ahndoril’s novel is the result of a multiple adaptation process, involving not only moving images in the form of an art-film feature and a television documentary, but also still photography, popular print media and an academic publication. As such the novel also points towards a broader cultural adaptation process.
The valley of electronics: Relations between the creation of a school and the building of a successful industrial cluster in Brazil
Authors: Costa Hélio Lemes , Torkomian Ana Lúcia Vitale 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The municipality of Santa Rita do Sapucaí, located in Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, has only 37,000 inhabitants and a tradition of decades in agricultural production. In 1959, a technical school in the electronics field was founded in this city, being the first one in Latin America and the seventh in the world. The valley where the city lies began to change its character, development pattern and even its personality. In the 1970s a few small businesses were created inside school laboratories, becoming an industrial cluster in 1985, when the city mayor started a marketing campaign, naming the city as the Valley of Electronics. The changes began to attract more students, researchers and entrepreneurs from all around the country and abroad. Currently there are almost 150 companies in electronics and telecommunication fields, which employ nearly one-third of the population and produce $1.7 billion in revenue every year. This article presents a case study conducted in this cluster, presenting the analysis of relationships between firms, schools and the local and federal government and how they do business among themselves and with foreign markets; the exchange of knowledge between companies, educational and research institutes, the management and institutional support in the cluster; and how R&D is financed by private and public capital. The final section presents the considerations about the central role of education in strengthening the development and sustainability of the Valley of Electronics.
An investigation into the key determinants of university–industry links in Algeria
Authors: Boutifour Zohra , Saad Mohammed , Guermat Cherif 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The role of higher education institutions (HEIs) in developing the innovative capacity of societies is well recognized. As the main producers of knowledge, they contribute directly and indirectly to economic growth. Yet, little is known on the engagement of universities in developing countries with their social and economic environment. This article adopts a quantitative approach to identify the main factors affecting the role of Algerian HEIs in promoting and cooperating with their economic and social environment.
Two species of the genus Acinetospora (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae) from Japan: A. filamentosa comb. nov. and A. asiatica sp. nov.
Authors: Yaegashi Kousuke , Yamagishi Yukimasa , Uwai Shinya , Abe Tsuyoshi , Eria Santiañez Wilfred John , Kogame Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The brown algal genus Acinetospora is characterised by sparsely branched uniseriate filaments, scattered meristematic zones, short laterals (“crampons”) and scattered reproductive organs. The morphology and life history of the generitype A. crinita have been studied repeatedly, and accounts of the species’ highly varied reproductive patterns were assumed to be due to the presence of multiple taxa that were reported under this name. Herein, we attempt to contribute to the taxonomy of the genus by conducting morphological and culture studies on 33 Acinetospora samples collected from Japan. We recognised two Acinetospora species and propose to name them A. filamentosa comb. nov. and A. asiatica sp. nov. These two species are distinguished from A. crinita by the absence of monosporangia and plurilocular acinetosporangia/megasporangia. Acinetospora filamentosa and A. asiatica have similar vegetative morphologies but possess different reproductive patterns. The former forms unilocular sporangia on erect filaments and both unilocular sporangia and plurilocular zoidangia on prostrate filaments, while the latter forms plurilocular zoidangia only on both erect and prostrate filaments. Molecular analyses based on rbcL and cox1 genes supported independence of these species.
Role of excessive vacancies in transgranular stress corrosion cracking of pure copper
Authors: Aaltonen Pertti , Yagodzinskyy Yuriy , Saukkonen Tapio , Kilpeläinen Simo , Tuomisto Filip , Hänninen Hannu 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The role of the excessive metal vacancy generation in transgranular stress corrosion cracking (TGSCC) of pure copper was studied in relation to crack initiation and growth mechanisms. Electrochemically polarized specimens were strained at room temperature in 0.3 m NaNO2 solution. Cation vacancy redistribution under applied anodic polarization took place at the p-n junction of the duplex Cu2O oxide film, resulting in cation vacancy transport in the p-type layer of the oxide to the metal substrate interface and in excessive metal vacancy accumulation in the metal substrate. The rapid initiation of TGSCC at room temperature in the cold-worked oxygen-free high-conductivity copper samples occurred during slow strain rate tests under anodic polarization in 0.3 m NaNO2 solution. The duplex Cu2O oxide film structure formed by cathodic deposition, before applying the anodic polarization, was characterized with X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy/electron backscatter diffraction/energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The redistribution of cation vacancies in the p-type oxide phase due to the anodic polarization and the metal vacancy accumulation in the copper substrate interface was studied by using positron annihilation spectroscopy.
U.S. Naval Aviation: operational airframe experience with combined environmental and mechanical loading
Authors: Nickerson William C. 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Airframe structure is the core capability for all aviation operations, whether fixed or rotary wing, manned or unmanned, or ship-based or shore-based. Airframe materials are the underlying enabling technology for all air vehicle structures. Airframe maintainability is the primary availability and readiness driver for U.S. Naval Aviation. Traditionally, airframe structures are designed for immediate mechanical performance and loads-only structural response, and the degradation of properties over the life cycle and sustainment during operations are often an afterthought. Galvanic management and corrosion-resistant materials selection have never been done systematically as part of the structural analysis and lifing process. Additionally, the lack of true failure mechanism understanding of load path effects, crack initiation and growth behaviors, and nonuniform material response has often resulted in underdesign/overdesign, limits on new material insertion, costly life extension programs, and unexpected early in-service failures. Advances in structural and materials science for airframes offer significant opportunity for improvements in availability, readiness, reduced sustainment requirements, fatigue life enhancement, reduced weight and improved range, and enhanced design tools and standard practices. These science and technology advances would be realized in large part through the engineering and operational communities by facilitating mission profile-specific life prediction and operational requirement-tailored functionality, increasing operational readiness, reducing life-cycle costs, reducing logistics footprint, and lowering the maintenance burden on uniformed personnel. Durability can therefore be incorporated into the design and construction phase, where the largest return can be realized.
“Just Peace at War’s End: The jus post bellum Principles as National and Human Security Imperatives – Lessons of Iraq and Kosovo”
Authors: Rozpedowski Joanna K. 
Published: September 2015

AbstractThe contemporary period is characterized by intense scholarly, legal and socio-political debates about the conceptual framework, which ought to guide state responses to unmitigated violence resulting from protracted armed conflicts across the globe. The prevalence of military interventionist discourse in the media and governmental organizations necessitates further reflection on the international community’s legal obligations not only with respect to putting an end to violence, but holding aggressors of armed perpetrations individually accountable for political unrest, economic destabilization and loss of life as well as responsible for the reestablishment of social and political order on the ground, which are to ensure human security in the process of post-conflict nation-building. The analysis of two recent conflicts in Kosovo and Iraq will provide a critical foundation for the examination of international bodies’ and state actors’, such as the United Nations (in the case of Kosovo) and of the United States (in the case of Iraq), implementation of legal mechanisms by which the
Wood microfibril angle variation after drying
Authors: Lube Vinicius , Lazarescu Ciprian , Mansfield Shawn D. , Avramidis Stavros 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
The change of microfibril angle (MFA) in wood cell wall was assessed after drying at 60°C and 70°C to a target moisture content (MC) of 8% or 15%. Despite literature contradictions about the effect of drying on MFA, this study showed that drying increased significantly the MFA, possibly as a result of lateral deformation of cellulose microfibrils during water desorption from wood cell walls. Moreover, MFA increased when target MC decreased.
Stufendiagnostik zur Abklärung von krankhaften Veränderungen der Leukozyten
Authors: Diem Heinz , Nebe Thomas , Bettelheim Peter 
Published: September 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die maschinelle Analyse von Veränderungen der weißen Blutzellen ist zu einem Massenparameter geworden und wird durch Hämatologieautomaten mit hohem Probendurchsatz geleistet. Die nachfolgende Stufe einer mikroskopischen Analyse eines panoptisch gefärbten Blutausstrichs durch einen erfahrenen Untersucher ist arbeitsaufwändig und teuer bei unzureichender Vergütung. Jedoch ist sie wegweisend und entscheidet über teure Spezialanalysen wie Zytogenetik und Molekulargenetik. Der Strategie der Stufendiagnostik kommt daher an dieser Stelle eine besondere Bedeutung zu. Zu diesem Thema wird ein neuer Vorschlag unterbreitet.
Presepsin (sCD14-ST) as a biomarker of sepsis in clinical practice and in emergency department: a mini review
Authors: Erenler Ali Kemal , Yardan Turker 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Presepsin is a 13-kDa protein that is a fragment of CD14 with truncated N-terminal, the receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/LPS-binding protein complexes. It is a novel marker being sought in many diseases such as sepsis, kidney failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation, etc. In this review, we aimed to clarify its utility in critical diseases and availability in critical care settings such as emergency departments and intensive care units.
The Impact of Recombination Hotspots on Genome Evolution of a Fungal Plant Pathogen
Authors: Croll Daniel , Lendenmann Mark H , Stewart Ethan , McDonald Bruce A 
Published: September 2015

Abstract
Recombination has an impact on genome evolution by maintaining chromosomal integrity, affecting the efficacy of selection, and increasing genetic variability in populations. Recombination rates are a key determinant of the coevolutionary dynamics between hosts and their pathogens. Historic recombination events created devastating new pathogens, but the impact of ongoing recombination in sexual pathogens is poorly understood. Many fungal pathogens of plants undergo regular sexual cycles, and sex is considered to be a major factor contributing to virulence. We generated a recombination map at kilobase-scale resolution for the haploid plant pathogenic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici. To account for intraspecific variation in recombination rates, we constructed genetic maps from two independent crosses. We localized a total of 10,287 crossover events in 441 progeny and found that recombination rates were highly heterogeneous within and among chromosomes. Recombination rates on large chromosomes were inversely correlated with chromosome length. Short accessory chromosomes often lacked evidence for crossovers between parental chromosomes. Recombination was concentrated in narrow hotspots that were preferentially located close to telomeres. Hotspots were only partially conserved between the two crosses, suggesting that hotspots are short-lived and may vary according to genomic background. Genes located in hotspot regions were enriched in genes encoding secreted proteins. Population resequencing showed that chromosomal regions with high recombination rates were strongly correlated with regions of low linkage disequilibrium. Hence, genes in pathogen recombination hotspots are likely to evolve faster in natural populations and may represent a greater threat to the host.
Reentry to Pediatric Residency After Global Health Experiences
Authors: Balmer Dorene F. , Marton Stephanie , Gillespie Susan L. , Schutze Gordon E. , Gill Anne 
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Although nonphysician reentry transitions have been characterized in literature, little is known about the reentry physicians in general, or residents in particular. We conducted a qualitative study to explore pediatric residents’ reentry, using reverse culture shock as a conceptual framework.

METHODS:
Eighteen pediatric residents who completed global health experiences in Africa (9 categorical residents with 1-month elective, 9 global child health residents with 12-month training) participated in interviews that included a card-sort to solicit emotional responses consistent with the conceptual framework. Data in the form of interview transcripts were coded and analyzed according to principles of grounded theory.

RESULTS:
All pediatric residents, despite variable time abroad, reported a range of emotional responses on reentry to residency. Global child health residents felt disconnection and frustration more intensely than categorical residents, whereas categorical residents felt invigoration more intensely than global child health residents. Although residents met with program leadership after their return, no resident described these meetings as a formal debriefing, and few described a deliberate strategy for processing emotions on reentry.

CONCLUSIONS:
Consistent with reverse culture shock, pediatric residents felt a range of emotions as they move toward a steady state of acculturating back into their residency program. Residency programs might consider creating safety nets to help cultivate support for residents when they reenter training.