bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
METEORITIC DUST FROM THE GEMINID SHOWER OF 1949*
Authors: Buddhue John Davis 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA single slide, exposed 1949 December 14–15, captured 477 probably meteoritic spherules, of which 326 were black, 139 were siliceous, and 12 looked metallic. A few showed pits or dimples. The curve showing the relation between number and diameter is similar to those obtained previously.
THE CANADIAN FIREBALL PROCESSION OF 1913 FEBRUARY 9
Authors: LaPaz Lincoln 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThis paper calls attention to the unscientific procedures by means of which C. C. Wylie has sought to controvert C. A. Chant's satellitory interpretation of the great Canadian fireball procession of 1913 February 9. Attention is directed to the many long‐buried United States observations of the fireball procession that have recently been brought to light by Alexander D. Mebane's painstaking work. The data secured by Mebane not only definitely discredit Wylie's interpretatation of the Canadian incident as an ordinary meteor shower, but also provide further corroboration of the accuracy of Chant's interpretation of that phenomenon, at least in the somewhat modified form attributed to it by Denning, Davidson, Fisher, and Pickering.
AUSTRALITE INVESTIGATIONS AND THEIR BEARING ON THE TEKTITE PROBLEM*
Authors: Cassidy William A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAustralites are believed to be meteorites because their occurrence suggests a meteoritic strewn‐field and their “secondary” characteristics suggest swift passage thru the air. The australites are considered to have arrived in the Earth's atmosphere as glassy bodies that already possessed rotational shapes. If australites are meteorites, certain other kinds of tektites also are meteorites. The hypotheses of Michel, H. E. Suess, Paneth, and Stair for the origin of tektites are unconvincing in one or more respects. Tektites had probably the same origin as other meteorites, as fragments of a disrupted planet; tektites correspond to granites, as do stony meteorites to the basic mantle of the Earth. The meteorite‐planet, however, must have been an autotektic (i.e., self‐melting) system, heating up because the proportion of acidic to basic rocks was greater than that of the Earth. Its tektitic surface, containing most of the radioactive material in the planet, was molten at the time of disruption, while the stony meteoritic mantle was still crystalline. The planet may have been disrupted relatively recently.
THE RICHLAND, NAVARRO COUNTY, TEXAS, METEORITE (CN = 0964,319): A NEW HEXAHEDRITE*
Authors: Henderson Edward P. , Monnig Oscar E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA new hexahedrite from Richland, Navarro County, Texas, is described. Analyses of the kamacite and of both the needles and the plates of rhabdite are given. The rhabdite needles contain 7.5% more nickel than the plates. These phosphide inclusions are oriented in rows parallel to the Neumann lines. Some features that have apparently not been previously observed in hexahedrites are described, and micro‐hardness measurements are given for these features and for the kamacite.
THE LORETO, BAJA CALIFORNIA, METEORITE (CN = 1113,260), AND ITS SIMILARITY TO THE MORITO, CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO, METEORITE*
Authors: Henderson Edward P. , Perry Stuart H. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA new 209‐lb. meteorite, a medium octahedrite, from the vicinity of Loreto, Baja California, Mexico, found about 1896, at longitude 111° 20′ W., latitude 26° 00′ N., is described. The similarity between it and the Morito, Chihuahua, Mexico, meteorite, known since 1600, found at longitude 105° 40′ W., latitude 27° 53′ N., is discussed. Some significance is attached to the fractures in the Loreto iron. Loreto and Morito are proposed as possibly “paired” falls.
Application of the Scientific Method to Problems of Crater Recognition*
Authors: HALLEDAY IAN , GRIFFIN A. A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractSome principles of the scientific method of reaching conclusions are reviewed and applied to West Hawk Lake, Manitoba, and lead to its interpretation as an ancient meteorite crater. The feature is 12000 feet in diameter, with water depths as great as 365 feet. A gravity survey indicates a negative gravity anomaly of 6 milligals associated with the lake. This is interpreted as due to a breccia zone overlain with sediments.
A Re‐Examination of the Craters in the Faugeres‐Cabrerolles Region of Southern France*
Authors: BEALS C. S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractFive of the six known craters in the vicinity of Cabrerolles and Faugeres, ranging in diameter from 200 to 55m were examined on the ground while additional studies of the same craters were made on aerial photographs. The topography of the five craters and their relationship with their surroundings suggested a relatively recent origin.A comparison was made of these craters with others of recent origin whose formation by meteorite impact was regarded as substantially beyond doubt. All of the comparison craters (including the Barringer Crater, diameter 1.3 km, and the Kaalijarv Crater in Estonia, diameter 200 m) showed the phenomena of raised rims and uplifted strata around their edges so clearly as to suggest a definite diagnostic feature. Since no indication of raised rims or radially uptilted strata was found in any of the five French craters it seems justifiable to doubt that any of these interesting features was formed by meteorite impact.
Lonar Crater, India, a Meteorite Crater?
Authors: LAFOND EUGENE C. , DIETZ ROBERT S. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA recent field reconnaissance by one of us (ECL) has tended to support the view that the Lonar Crater, India, is probably a Quaternary meteorite crater. This origin is suggested by the high degree of circularity, the depth to diameter ratio, the breccia of crushed rock revealed by drilling, the quaquaversal dip of the surrounding country rock, the mounds of debris lying around the crater rim, and its regional uniqueness.Although developed in the Deccan flood basalts, the crater cannot be genetically related to these traps, as they were laid down in the Cretaceous, whereas the crater is physiographically young, probably Pleistocene. Cryptovolcanic phenomena (steam explosion, diatreme action, etc.), caldera subsidence and solution collapse cannot adequately account for this depression.
Anomalous Sounds and Electromagnetic Effects Associated with Fireball Entry*
Authors: LAMAR DONALD L. , ROMIG MARY F. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractObservers located as much as 300 km from the ground trace of bright fireballs have sometimes reported hearing swishing sounds simultaneously with the fireball passage. These sounds are anomalous because the geometry of fireball path and observer locations requires that the effect producing the sound sensation be propagated at the speed of light. The great number and striking similarity of these sound reports, which have appeared in the published literature for several centuries, are difficult to attribute to coincidence or psychological suggestion. The description of the anomalous sounds as a hissing or crackling and rare reports of odors which may be ozone suggest that the sounds are caused by electric discharges near the observer. These discharges may be the result of perturbation of the geopotential gradient by the fireball. The occurrence of other electromagnetic disturbances during fireballs, such as deflection of compass needles, induction in long lines, and radio interference, support this inference. It is also possible that the anomalous sounds are due to strong electromagnetic radiations from the fireball which are transduced by natural objects, perhaps even the human brain.
Non‐Destructive Activation Analysis of Meteorites
Authors: FISHER DAVID E. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractGamma spectrometry is a useful substitute for chemistry in the activation analysis of meteoritic specimens. After irradiation, instead of dissolving the sample and chemically extracting particular elements, the sample is instead placed in a scintillation counter and its gamma spectrum analyzed with the aid of a multichannel analyzer. By a suitable choice of irradiation conditions, various nuclides can be made to stand out clearly against the background of the irradiated meteorite. As examples, recent data are presented for aluminum and fluorine analysis of chondrites.
A Thin, Flanged, Boat‐Shaped Australite from Port Campbell, Victoria Australia
Authors: BAKER GEORGE 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA recently discovered, thin, flanged, boat‐shaped australite weighing 0.711 grams and measuring 27.2 mm by 10.5 mm by 1.8 mm to 2.4 mm from Port Campbell on the south coast of western Victoria, Australia, consists of approximately sixty five to seventy per cent circumferential flange glass which is relatively smooth and attached peripherally to an elongated, flow‐lined central core. The form is a rare and unique specimen representing the final ablation product of an originally somewhat larger, thicker, elongated primary australite shape, probably a biaxial ellipsoid of revolution, that became modified by aerodynamical heating during non‐rotational, high speed transit through the earth's atmosphere.
Meteoroid Bumpers: Aluminum*
Authors: ROLSTEN R. F. , HUNT H. H. , WELLNITZ J. N. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAluminum bumpers (Type 6061‐T6) with thicknesses of 0.1875, 0.125, 0.090, 0.063, and 0.032 inch have been subjected to impact with a 0.57 gram cylindrical steel projectile traveling at 9,400 to 21,700 ft/sec. In addition, the 0.032 inch bumpers were subjected to impact with 0.21 gram cylindrical steel projectiles traveling at 11,800 to 14,700 ft/sec. An aluminum (6061‐T6) vehicle hull was used in all experiments. For any given thickness of bumper, the vehicle hull was varied in both thickness and distance of separation from the bumper in order to establish the total weight and thickness of the structure necessary to prevent complete penetration by a given high velocity particle.It appears from the experimental data that spaced plates offer more effective protection from high velocity particles than a single plate of the same material and total mass. Moreover, it appears that thinner bumpers require less total weight in the vehicle to provide the same protection efficiency. This weight advantage provided by the thinner bumpers is reduced as the space between the bumper and plate is decreased.
The Fall and the Discovery of Meteorites in the Past Ten Years, 1953 – 1963
Authors: KRINOV E. L. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractData on the 64 new meteorites which fell or were discovered in the past ten years are analyzed in terms of type, weight, number per year, and geographic distribution. The type and mass distribution of 76 meteorites not entered in the Prior‐Hey catalogue before 1962 is also presented.
The Iron, Magnesium, Calcium, and Nickel Distribution in the Murray Carbonaceous Chondrite*
Authors: FREDRIKSSON KURT , KEIL KLAUS 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA discussion is given of preliminary results of an analysis of the Murray carbonaceous chondrite which fell September 30, 1950, 9 miles east of Murray, near Wildcat Creek, Kentucky. The object is a mechanical mixture of minerals formed under different conditions at different localities.
The Variation in the Frequency of Meteorite Impart with Geographic Latitude*
Authors: HALLIDAY IAN 
Published: September 2012

AbstractConsideration of the orbits of meteorites indicates that their inclinations to the ecliptic are small and may be neglected in many statistical treatments. With this assumption the variation in the rates of meteorite falls per unit area on the surface of the earth is derived for meteorite velocities of 15, 20 and 25 km/sec as a function of both ecliptic and geographic latitude. At low meteorite velocities the variation is small but for meteorites with average or above average velocity the rate of impact in polar regions decreases to 50 or 60% of the equatorial values.
The Metallography of Manitouwabing, Parry Sound, Ontario: A New Canadian Siderite
Authors: KNOX REED 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAn eighty‐five pound siderite found in the autumn of 1962 in the Parry Sound District of Ontario appears, on the basis of a small specimen, to be a medium octahedrite. It has a sharp sub‐surface alteration zone, and the microstructure indicates a history involving severe shock. The fall possibly occurred during the winter of 1954.
Dumbbell Shaped Australite from Port Campbell, Victoria
Authors: BAKER GEORGE 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA dumbbell shaped australite from Port Campbell, western Victoria, weighing a little over 5 grams and with a specific gravity of 2.381, possesses two gibbosities of unequal size and remnants of a circumferential flange with the same width in the waist regions as around the two unequal gibbosities.The anterior surface that faced down the flight path during high speed entry through the earth's atmosphere shows an unusual series of flow ridges in the aerodynamic sculpture pattern that extends from the stagnation point region of the larger gibbosity, across the waist region, and across the smaller gibbosity to its distal end. Such a series of flow ridges indicates that the trim of the dumbbell of tektite glass was generally broadside‐on, but with the front pole of the larger gibbosity somewhat in advance of that of the smaller gibbosity, so that the long axis of the form was at a small angle to the normal to the flight path direction.
Secondary Meteorites from the Arizona Crater
Authors: HALL RALPH A. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractThe similarity of the morphology of Goalpara and Nova Urei and sheared Coconino sandstone is demonstrated. On the assumption that they are generically related, the problems of metamorphosis are analyzed. On this basis a model secondary meteorite is constructed. It is concluded that known physical and chemical functions need not be extrapolated beyond reasonable possibilities to explain the metamorphosis of Coconino to Goalpara and Nova Urei. These considerations, if valid, might throw some light on the apparent bunching of cosmic exposure ages of certain meteorites.
Origin of Goose Lake Fragments
Authors: BUTLER C.P. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractA search at the site of the Goose Lake meteorite impact point revealed large numbers of nickel‐iron and laminar oxide fragments. Evidence that the Neumann lines in the nickel‐iron fragments are quite dissimilar to those in the main mass of the meteorite suggests that their origin is independent, that they were swept up by the meteoroid during its long life in orbit around the sun. Only those fragments which found their way into the cavities of the main mass were recovered, all others being swept away by the air stream during its fall. Cavity transportation explains their abundance locally at the impact site, as well as protection against aerodynamic heating. The laminar oxide fragments, similar to those found at Canyon Diablo, appear to have come from another fall.
Bone tissue response to BMP‐2 adsorbed on amorphous microporous silica implants
Authors: Chaudhari Amol , Cardoso Marcio Vivan , Martens Johan , Vandamme Katleen , Naert Ignace , Duyck Joke 
Published: September 2012

AbstractAimTo evaluate bone regeneration potential of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) adsorbed on amorphous microporous silica (AMS).Materials & MethodsFour implants [titanium as control (CTR); AMS‐coated titanium (AMS), BMP‐2 adsorbed on titanium (CTR+BMP) and AMS (AMS+BMP)] were implanted randomly in the tibiae of 20 New Zealand white rabbits. Bone specimens with implants were retrieved 2/4 weeks post implantation and analysed histologically and histomorphometrically. Bone fraction was measured in initial bone‐free area (bone regeneration area, BRA) and in the area with initial bone–implant contact [bone adaptation area (BAA)] (BFBRA & BFBAA). Bone–implant contact was measured in BRA (BICBRA). In vitro BMP‐2 release profiles were determined to evaluate the impact of the carrier surface. Mixed models were used for statistical analysis.ResultsBMP‐2 release profiles were different for CTR+BMP and AMS+BMP. BICBRA and BFBRA were significantly increased after 4 weeks compared to 2 weeks for AMS, CTR+BMP and AMS+BMP. However, no differences between the implant types were observed within both healing periods. BFBAA for CTR+BMP was smaller than that for CTR and AMS+BMP after 4 weeks. Despite slower BMP‐2 release, AMS+BMP did not stimulate bone regeneration. CTR+BMP caused bone resorption at the bone–implant interface.ConclusionsBMP‐2 functionalized implant surfaces failed to stimulate bone regeneration and osseointegration.
The neural crest‐ and placodes‐derived afferent innervation of the mouse esophagus
Authors: Surdenikova L. , Ru F. , Nassenstein C. , Tatar M. , Kollarik M. 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackground  The mouse is an invaluable model for mechanistic studies of esophageal nerves, but the afferent innervation of the mouse esophagus is incompletely understood. Vagal afferent neurons are derived from two embryonic sources: neural crest and epibranchial placodes. We hypothesized that both neural crest and placodes contribute to the TRPV1‐positive (potentially nociceptive) vagal innervation of the mouse esophagus.Methods  Vagal jugular/nodose ganglion (JNG) and spinal dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons were retrogradely labeled from the cervical esophagus. Single cell RT‐PCR was performed on the labeled neurons.Key Results  In the Wnt1Cre/R26R mice expressing a reporter in the neural crest‐derived cells we found that both the neural crest‐ and the placodes‐derived vagal JNG neurons innervate the mouse esophagus. In the wild‐type mouse the esophageal vagal JNG TRPV1‐positive neurons segregated into two subsets: putative neural crest‐derived purinergic receptor P2X2‐negative/preprotachykinin‐A (PPT‐A)‐positive subset and putative placodes‐derived P2X2‐positive/PPTA‐negative subset. These subsets also segregated by the expression of TrkA and GFRα3 in the putative neural crest‐derived subset, and TrkB in the putative placodes‐derived subset. The TRPV1‐positive esophageal DRG neurons had the phenotype similar to the vagal putative neural crest‐derived subset.Conclusions & Inferences  The TRPV1‐positive (potentially nociceptive) vagal afferent neurons innervating the mouse esophagus originate from both neural crest and placodes. The expression profile of the receptors for neurotrophic factors is similar between the neural crest‐derived vagal and spinal nociceptors, but distinct from the vagal placodes‐derived nociceptors.
Reduction of transpiration and altered nutrient allocation contribute to nutrient decline of crops grown in elevated CO2 concentrations
Authors: MCGRATH JUSTIN M. , LOBELL DAVID B. 
Published: September 2012

ABSTRACTPlants grown in elevated [CO2] have lower protein and mineral concentrations compared with plants grown in ambient [CO2]. Dilution by enhanced production of carbohydrates is a likely cause, but it cannot explain all of the reductions. Two proposed, but untested, hypotheses are that (1) reduced canopy transpiration reduces mass flow of nutrients to the roots thus reducing nutrient uptake and (2) changes in metabolite or enzyme concentrations caused by physiological changes alter requirements for minerals as protein cofactors or in other organic complexes, shifting allocation between tissues and possibly altering uptake. Here, we use the meta‐analysis of previous studies in crops to test these hypotheses. Nutrients acquired mostly by mass flow were decreased significantly more by elevated [CO2] than nutrients acquired by diffusion to the roots through the soil, supporting the first hypothesis. Similarly, Mg showed large concentration declines in leaves and wheat stems, but smaller decreases in other tissues. Because chlorophyll requires a large fraction of total plant Mg, and chlorophyll concentration is reduced by growth in elevated [CO2], this supports the second hypothesis. Understanding these mechanisms may guide efforts to improve nutrient content, and allow modeling of nutrient changes and health impacts under future climate change scenarios.
Stability results in non-Archimedean "Equation missing" -fuzzy normed spaces for a cubic functional equation
Authors: Bae Jae-Hyeong , Lee Sang-Baek , Park Won-Gil 
Published: September 2012

Abstract
We establish some stability results concerning the functional equation

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MSC:39B52, 46S10, 46S40, 47S10, 47S40.
Mapping quantitative trait loci for kernel composition in almond
Authors: i Forcada Carolina Font , i Martí Àngel Fernández , i Company Rafel Socias 
Published: September 2012

AbstractBackgroundAlmond breeding is increasingly taking into account kernel quality as a breeding objective. Information on the parameters to be considered in evaluating almond quality, such as protein and oil content, as well as oleic acid and tocopherol concentration, has been recently compiled. The genetic control of these traits has not yet been studied in almond, although this information would improve the efficiency of almond breeding programs.ResultsA map with 56 simple sequence repeat or microsatellite (SSR) markers was constructed for an almond population showing a wide range of variability for the chemical components of the almond kernel. A total of 12 putative quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling these chemical traits have been detected in this analysis, corresponding to seven genomic regions of the eight almond linkage groups (LG). Some QTL were clustered in the same region or shared the same molecular markers, according to the correlations already found between the chemical traits. The logarithm of the odds (LOD) values for any given trait ranged from 2.12 to 4.87, explaining from 11.0 to 33.1 % of the phenotypic variance of the trait.ConclusionsThe results produced in the study offer the opportunity to include the new genetic information in almond breeding programs. Increases in the positive traits of kernel quality may be looked for simultaneously whenever they are genetically independent, even if they are negatively correlated. We have provided the first genetic framework for the chemical components of the almond kernel, with twelve QTL in agreement with the large number of genes controlling their metabolism.