bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Accuracy of Direct Implant Impression Technique using Different Splinting Materials
Authors: Selvaraj Sunantha , Mohan Jayashree , Simon Paul , Dorairaj Jayachandran 
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The accuracy of an impression remains critical factor in achieving passive fit of an implant framework. The accuracy of the master cast would depend on the type of impression material, the implant impression technique and accuracy of die material. The different impression techniques advocated in the literature for implant impressions include direct (open tray) and indirect (closed tray) techniques. Direct technique use square impression copings that are picked up in the impressions which were used in this study.

Objective
To evaluate the accuracy of direct impression made with resin splinted and bis-GMA splinted open-tray impression coping. Thus to compare the accuracy of impressions obtained using different splinting materials.

Materials and Methods
A wax mandibular reference model was fabricated and four implants were placed in the mandibular anterior region using surveyor and acrylized with clear heat cure acrylic resin using injection molding technique. Spaced primary cast was fabricated with a uniform thickness of space about 2 mm. Ten custom trays were fabricated using the light curable resin sheets. Medium body polyether impression material was used. Pentamix was used to get a uniform mix. These trays were randomly divided among the two groups, with five trays in each group. Impression techniques were divided into two groups namely:
Group A - direct impression technique with open tray impression copings splinted with autopolymerizing acrylic resin (GC pattern resin), group B - direct impression technique with open tray impression copings splinted with Protemp TM4 (bis- GMA) syringable temporisation material. Thus, final impressions were made. Total of 10 master casts were fabricated. Evaluation of casts using Dynascope-Vision engineering, Tesa Microhite 2D and coordinate measuring machine were used.

Results
Statistical comparisons were made using ANOVA test and post-hoc test. Same amount of deviation values obtained with resin splinted and bis-GMA splinted impression copings. The difference in the values might be because of the variation in the rigidity of the materials used.

Conclusion
Both the splinting material exhibit similar accuracy in impression, so bis-GMA can be used, which is easy to handle, less time consuming, less technique sensitive, rigid and readily available material in clinics, instead of resin splinted material which is technique sensitive, more time consuming and cumbersome.

How to cite this article
Selvaraj S, Mohan J, Simon P, Dorairaj J. Comparison of Accuracy of Direct Implant Impression Technique using Different Splinting Materials. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(3):82-89.
Classifying the Patterns of Natural Arguments
Authors: Macagno Fabrizio , Walton Douglas 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe representation and classification of the structure of natural arguments has been one of the most important aspects of Aristotelian and medieval dialectical and rhetorical theories. This traditional approach is represented nowadays in models of argumentation schemes. The purpose of this article is to show how arguments are characterized by a complex combination of two levels of abstraction, namely, semantic relations and types of reasoning, and to provide an effective and comprehensive classification system for this matrix of semantic and quasilogical connections. To this purpose, we propose a dichotomous criterion of classification, transcending both levels of abstraction and representing not what an argument is but how it is understood and interpreted. The schemes are grouped according to an end-means criterion, which is strictly bound to the ontological structure of the conclusion and the premises. On this view, a scheme can be selected according to the intended or reconstructed purpose of an argument and the possible strategies that can be used to achieve it.
Guide(s) for the Perplexed
Authors: Blum Alan 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
This article compares science and the novel as different rhetorical strategies for representing relationships to the limits of knowledge and what seems unknown. I draw on Kenneth Burke's (1957) figure of “equipment for living” to revive the question of the value of knowledge and art for life, identifying the comparison between science and the humanities itself as a social phenomenon and focusing on the uses and rhetorical value of such disciplines and of literature for life in a period ruled by concerns for so-called applied knowledge and dreams of its transfer and dissemination. In this way, I try to escape from a notion of rhetoric limited solely to social interaction and the mutual persuasiveness of selves in order to develop, by linking rhetoric to subjectivity, a rhetorical approach to the consciousness of a subject conceived as relating to the limits of what can be known.
Validated Stability-Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Cefixime Trihydrate in the Presence of its Acid and Alkali Degradation Products
Authors: Mostafa Nadia M , Abdel-Fattah Laila , Weshahy Soheir A , Hassan Nagiba Y , Boltia Shereen A 
Published: February 2015

Abstract
Five simple, accurate, precise, and economical spectrophotometric methods have been developed for thedetermination of cefixime trihydrate (CFX) in the presence of its acid and alkali degradation products without prior separation. In the first method, secondderivative (2D) and first derivative (1D) spectrophotometry was applied to the absorption spectra of CFX and its acid (2D) or alkali (1D) degradation products by measuring the amplitude at 289 and 308 nm, respectively. The second method was a first derivative (1DD) ratio spectrophotometric method where the peak amplitudes were measured at 311 nm in presence of the acid degradation product, and 273 and 306 nm in presence of its alkali degradation product. The third method was ratio subtraction spectrophotometry where the drug is determined at 286 nm in laboratory-prepared mixtures of CFX and its acid or alkali degradation product. The fourth method was based on dualwavelength analysis; two wavelengths were selected at which the absorbances of one component were the same, so wavelengths 209 and 252 nm were used to determine CFX in presence of its acid degradation productand 310 and 321 nm in presence of its alkali degradation product. The fifth method was bivariate spectrophotometric calibration based on four linear regression equations obtained at the wavelengths 231 and 290 nm, and 231 and 285 nm for the binary mixture of CFX with either its acid or alkali degradation product, respectively. The developed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of CFX in laboratory-prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical formulations with good recoveries, and their validation was carried out following the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The results obtained were statistically compared with each other and showed no significant difference with respect to accuracy and precision.
Efficacy and Safety of Fixed-Dose-Rate Infusions of Gemcitabine Plus Erlotinib for Advanced Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Alberto Muñoz  , Eider Azkona  , Estíbaliz Iza  , Eluska Iruarrizaga  , Abigail Ruiz de Lobera  , Itziar Rubio  , Joan Manel Mañé  , Sergio Carrera  , Inés Marrodán Ciordia  , Guillermo López-Vivanco  
Published: February 2015

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of fixed-dose-rate infusions of gemcitabine in combination with erlotinib for advanced pancreatic cancer.
Methods/Patients: Patients with locally advanced (LAPC) or metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC) without previous treatment for the advanced disease and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status received 1500 mg/m2 of gemcitabine in 150-minute infusions (10 mg/m2/minute) on days 1, 8 and 15 in 4-week cycles combined with 100 mg/day of oral erlotinib. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).
Results: Sixty-two evaluable patients were enrolled (LAPC, n=16; MPC, n=46). Median OS was 10.0 (95% CI, 7.1-13.0) months. OS was longer in patients with LAPC (p=0.019), females (p=0.010) and patients not receiving opioids (p=0.027). A trend towards longer OS was shown in patients with grade rash (p=0.078). In multivariate analysis, only gender remained statistically significant (p=0.01). Median PFS was 4.9 (95% CI, 3.1-6.8) months, which was longer in patients with LAPC (p=0.004) and females (p=0.013). Overall response rate was 12.9% (95% CI, 4.7-21.3), with eight patients achieving partial response, and tumour growth control rate was 67.7% (95% CI, 79.3-56.1). The main grade 3/4 adverse events were neutropenia (40.3%), asthenia (22.6%), anaemia (19.4%), thrombocytopenia (17.7%) and infections (14.5%). Three patients died due to septic shock, cholangitis or pulmonary embolism.
Conclusions: The combination of fixed-dose-rate infusions of gemcitabine and erlotinib represents a feasible and active regimen for advanced pancreatic cancer with a manageable safety profile.
Turismo como aporte ao avanço do capital na vila de Itaúnas-ES e a cultura como expressão de resistência / Tourism as a contribution to the advancement of capital in village Itaúnas/ES and culture as expression of resistance.
Authors: Xavier Maria A. de Sá , Bassetti Telma Bitencourt 
Published: February 2015

O artigo trata do turismo como aporte ao avanço do capital, com foco na comunidade tradicional de Vila de Itaúnas. Objetivamos reflexão, seguida de discussão sobre a cultura local enquanto resistência ao processo de implantação do turismo hegemônico sol e mar. Utilizamos metodologia exploratória e levantamento dos temas pertinentes à discussão, seguido de releitura de pesquisa etnogeográfica, sendo seus dados empíricos empregados para análise, e após discussão e conclusão. Argumentamos o Ticumbi como Instituição Social local, sem apropriação turística, contudo há elementos necessários à formação dos arranjos produtivos de base comunitária postos em sua espacialidade organizacional cotidiana. PALAVRAS CHAVE: Turismo, Resistência cultural, Vila de Itaúnas.
Absorbed Residue Analysis of a Mississippi Plain Jar from Angel Mounds (12Vg1)
Authors: Reber Eleanora , Baumann Timothy E. , Monaghan G.William , Myers Kelsey Noack 
Published: February 2015

AbstractFor the first time in North American archaeology, absorbed residue analysis was conducted on multiple samples from the same vessel, a complete Mississippi Plain jar from Angel Mounds (12Vg1). This approach provided comprehensive, residue-based interpretations of the form and function of a single pot. The Mississippi Plain jar was recovered from a burnt house floor along with the broken remains of a similar vessel and burnt maize. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of absorbed lipid residues were performed on four different parts of this vessel to determine its contents and function. Comparison of absorbed residues from the pot and soil lipids was used to determine whether the pot was buried with contents intact. The results indicate that this vessel was used to cook a mixture of riverine (lean fish or shellfish) and plant resources, probably including maize. Diterpenoid biomarkers were also present, suggesting that conifer resin was used either to seal the pot or as a flavoring. The jar, though deposited whole, was probably not buried with contents intact.
La conversion
Authors: Vecoli Fabrizio 
Published: February 2015

La conversion est au départ un phénomène judéo-chrétien, donc culturellement très connoté. Et c’est précisément dans cette perspective limitée que se situe notre intervention. L’intérêt est celui de mieux comprendre — d’un point de vue historique — une phase clé de l’évolution de la notion de conversion dans l’histoire du christianisme ancien. Il s’agit ici de remonter aux éléments premiers qui ont forgé le sens du mot tel que nous l’utilisons aujourd’hui en Occident. On ne se propose pas de forger la définition ultime, correspondante à la chose même à sa naissance, mais plutôt de saisir la dimension évolutive — donc dynamique — de la conversion, à travers l’étude d’une période charnière de son développement : c’est ce que l’on nomme ici le tournant monastique (iv-ve siècles). Nous voulons montrer comment le phénomène de la conversion s’est transformé de façon significative à partir du ive siècle de notre ère.
« Faire communauté ». Comment les Églises fabriquent leurs convertis ?
Authors: Le Pape Loïc 
Published: February 2015

Cet article vise à explorer et à questionner le fonctionnent d’une institution religieuse dans sa capacité à faire communauté, c’est-à-dire à former et à façonner des croyants. Ce travail s’appuie sur des recherches menées lors de mon doctorat, qui présentait une analyse comparative des modalités de la conversion dans les trois religions monothéistes dans la France contemporaine : judaïsme, catholicisme et islam. L’intérêt d’une telle comparaison permet de qualifier le travail des « institutions religieuses » (au sens large) face aux « nouveaux convertis ». En référence aux travaux de J. Lagroye, nous verrons quelle est la réalité de ce travail, en supposant qu’une institution doit « faire communauté ». Pour cela, elle doit imposer une vision générale de l’adhésion et de l’appartenance, en mettant à distance les émotions des convertis et en imposant du banal. Nous pourrons alors conclure sur la tension intrinsèque des institutions religieuses, face à la question de la conversion et l’impératif de « faire communauté » : utiliser les émotions pour mieux les faire oublier.
Ce que devenir juif veut dire
Authors: Tank-Storper Sébastien 
Published: February 2015

En affirmant que devenir juif, c’est devenir un juif pratiquant et non un juif « ethnique » ou « national », et en tentant de s’arroger le monopole sur les conversions au judaïsme, notamment en Israël, les institutions religieuses de sensibilité orthodoxe défendent l’idée qu’elles se font de ce qu’être juif veut dire : un collectif soumis à la loi. Elles entendent ainsi lutter contre ce qu’elles considèrent être une réification de l’identité juive dans une entité nationale israélienne ou contre sa réduction à un groupe ethnique ou à une identité dont l’héritage ne constituerait plus un principe structurant mais se réduirait à quelques traits discriminants.
Ice motion of the Patagonian Icefields of South America: 1984–2014
Authors: Mouginot J. , Rignot E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractWe present the first comprehensive high‐resolution mosaic of ice velocity of the Northern (NPI) and Southern Patagonian Icefields (SPI), from multiple synthetic aperture radar and optical data collected between 1984 and 2014. The results reveal that many of the outlet glaciers extend far into the central ice plateaus, which implies that changes in ice dynamics propagate far inside the accumulation area. We report pronounced seasonal to interannual variability of ice motion on Pío XI and Jorge Montt, a doubling in speed of Jorge Montt, a major slow down of O'Higgins, significant fluctuations of Upsala and a deceleration of San Rafael, which illustrate the need for sustained, continuous time series of ice motion to understand the long‐term evolution of the rapidly thinning icefields. The velocity product also resolves major ambiguities in glacier drainage in areas of relatively flat topography illustrating the need to combine topography and flow direction to map drainage basins.
Landslide subsurface slip geometry inferred from 3‐D surface displacement fields
Authors: Aryal Arjun , Brooks Benjamin A. , Reid Mark E. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe stability of many large landslides is determined in part by deformation along buried, often inaccessible, slip surfaces. Factors such as infiltrating rainfall on the slip surface lead to stability changes. Yet characterizing the depth and shape of this slip surface is challenging. Here we examine the hypothesis that the subsurface slip geometry can be constrained by ground surface displacements in concert with two, mechanically distinct, forward models. We estimate a 3‐D ground displacement field for the slow‐moving Cleveland Corral landslide in California using repeat terrestrial laser scanner data. We test the efficacy of two models to estimate slip depth and slip magnitude of the slide—a 2‐D balanced cross‐section method and an elastic dislocation model. The estimated slip surface depth using both methods matches in situ observations from shear rods installed in the slide within the ±0.45 m misfit indicating that these are valuable approaches for investigating landslide geometry and slip behavior.
EMIC waves and plasmaspheric and plume density: CRRES results
Authors: Halford A. J. , Fraser B. J. , Morley S. K. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractElectromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves frequently occur during geomagnetic storms, specifically during the main phase and 3–6 days following the minimum Sym − H value. EMIC waves contribute to the loss of ring current ions and radiation belt MeV electrons. Recent studies have suggested that cold plasma density structures found inside the plasmasphere and plasmaspheric plumes are important for the generation and propagation of EMIC waves. During the CRRES mission, 913 EMIC wave events and 124 geomagnetic storms were identified. In this study we compare the quiet time cold plasma density to the cold plasma density measured during EMIC wave events across different geomagnetic conditions. We found statistically that EMIC waves occurred in regions of enhanced densities. EMIC waves were, on average, not associated with large local negative density gradients.
New technique to calculate electron Alfvén layer and its application in interpreting geosynchronous access of PS energetic electrons
Authors: Zhang D. , Cao J. B. , Wei X. H. , Li L. Y. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractThe magnetospheric particle drift theory in (U, B) coordinates provides a convenient tool for analyzing particle drift trajectories from plasma sheet to the inner magnetosphere. However, in this drift theory, the Alfvén layer for a realistic asymmetric magnetic field model cannot be obtained due to numerical difficulty. In this paper, we developed a new technique to calculate electron Alfvén layer for Volland‐Stern electrical potential model and dipole + T89 geomagnetic field model. The results show that for realistic asymmetric field models, the dawn and dusk separators are not in the dawn‐dusk meridian but asymmetric and tilt toward the dayside. The stagnant point of the electron Alfvén layer is always located in the duskside separator. Compared with the electron Alfvén layers calculated from Volland‐Stern electric field model and dipole magnetic field model, the new electron Alfvén layer becomes closer to the Earth and meanwhile rotates clockwise. This rotation makes the point closest to the Earth in the Alfvén layer shift from dawnside to nightside. The newly calculated geosynchronous Alfvén layer crossings cannot only explain the observed geosynchronous access of plasma sheet thermal (0.913 and 2.783 keV) electrons as previous studies did but also the geosynchronous access of plasma sheet energetic (10.472 and 31.039 keV) electrons. This new technique can be used to calculate Alfvén layer for any asymmetric field models and may become an important compliment to the classical magnetospheric particle drift theory in the (U, B) coordinates.
Changes in lake area in response to thermokarst processes and climate in Old Crow Flats, Yukon
Authors: Lantz T. C. , Turner K. W. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractGrowing evidence indicates that lake‐dominated ecosystems at high latitudes are undergoing significant hydrological changes. Research examining these changes is complicated because both thermokarst and climatic processes likely influence lake dynamics. To examine the relative impacts of these processes in permafrost landscapes, we investigated the dynamics of lake area and number in Old Crow Flats (OCF), Yukon using historical air photos and satellite imagery. Between 1951 and 2007, OCF experienced a decline of ~6000 ha in total lake area but gained 232 lakes. Close to half (49%) of the difference in lake area was driven by the rapid and persistent drainage of 38 large lakes. These catastrophic drainages were associated with new or enlarged outlet channels, resulted in the formation of numerous residual ponds, and were likely driven by thermokarst processes. Our analysis shows that catastrophic lake drainages have become more than 5 times more frequent in recent decades. These changes are likely related to the impacts of increased temperature and precipitation on thermokarst processes. Fifty‐nine of the 170 intensively studied lakes showed either large bidirectional fluctuations or gradual cumulative declines. These changes affected a much smaller portion of OCF and were likely driven by interactions between increased precipitation and temperature and individual catchment characteristics. To anticipate landscape‐scale changes in these systems, and assess their impact on hydrology, wildlife habitat, and carbon storage, field research is required to better characterize the mechanisms responsible for changes.
Switched‐beam array of dielectric rod antenna with RF‐MEMS switch for millimeter‐wave applications
Authors: Rousstia M. W. , Reniers A. C. F. , Herben M. H. A. J. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractA conformal dielectric rod antenna array with operating frequency of 11.2 GHz is investigated, designed, and measured. This antenna array is combined with a single pole double throw radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF‐MEMS) switch to realize switched‐beam performance. Moreover, this antenna array exhibits uniform radiation performance for different scan angles with no grating lobes. The characterization and measurement of the antenna system have been performed. The measured radiation pattern of the antenna in the anechoic chamber is in good agreement with the simulated antenna pattern. The measured antenna with the RF‐MEMS switch has 13.5 dBi realized gain, −15 dB sidelobe level, 22° half‐power beamwidth, and 7.3% (fractional) bandwidth (or 800 MHz) at 11.2 GHz.
VLF waves at satellite altitude to investigate Earth electrical conductivity
Authors: Leye P. O. , Tarits P. 
Published: February 2015

AbstractAt and near the Earth surface, electromagnetic (EM) fields radiated from VLF transmitters are commonly used in geological exploration to determine the shallow Earth conductivity structure. Onboard satellites such as DEMETER, the electric and magnetic sensors detect the VLF signal in altitude. While we know for surface measurement that the VLF EM field recorded at some distance from the transmitter is a function of the ground conductivity, we do not know how this relationship changes when the field is measured at satellite altitude. Here we study the electromagnetic field radiated by a vertical electric dipole located on the Earth surface in the VLF range and measured at satellite altitude in a free space. We investigate the EM field as function of distance from the source, the height above the Earth surface, and the electrical conductivity of the Earth. The mathematical solution in altitude has more severe numerical complications than the well‐known solutions at or near the Earth surface. We test most of the solutions developed for the latter case and found that direct summation was best at several hundred kilometers above the Earth. The numerical modeling of the EM field in altitude shows that the field remains a function of Earth conductivity. The dependence weakens with altitude and distance from the transmitter. It remains more important for the electric radial component.